bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of a priori dietary patterns with depressive symptoms: a harmonised meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Nicolaou Mary , Colpo Marco , Vermeulen Esther , Elstgeest Liset E. M. , Cabout Mieke , Gibson-Smith Deborah , Knuppel Anika , Sini Giovana , Schoenaker Danielle A. J. M. , Mishra Gita D. , Lok Anja , Penninx Brenda W. J. H. , Bandinelli Stefania , Brunner Eric J. , Zwinderman Aiko H. , Brouwer Ingeborg A. , Visser Marjolein
Published: August 2019

Background

Review findings on the role of dietary patterns in preventing depression are inconsistent, possibly due to variation in assessment of dietary exposure and depression. We studied the association between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms in six population-based cohorts and meta-analysed the findings using a standardised approach that defined dietary exposure, depression assessment and covariates.

Methods

Included were cross-sectional data from 23 026 participants in six cohorts: InCHIANTI (Italy), LASA, NESDA, HELIUS (the Netherlands), ALSWH (Australia) and Whitehall II (UK). Analysis of incidence was based on three cohorts with repeated measures of depressive symptoms at 5–6 years of follow-up in 10 721 participants: Whitehall II, InCHIANTI, ALSWH. Three a priori dietary patterns, Mediterranean diet score (MDS), Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI-2010), and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet were investigated in relation to depressive symptoms. Analyses at the cohort-level adjusted for a fixed set of confounders, meta-analysis used a random-effects model.

Results

Cross-sectional and prospective analyses showed statistically significant inverse associations of the three dietary patterns with depressive symptoms (continuous and dichotomous). In cross-sectional analysis, the association of diet with depressive symptoms using a cut-off yielded an adjusted OR of 0.87 (95% confidence interval 0.84–0.91) for MDS, 0.93 (0.88–0.98) for AHEI-2010, and 0.94 (0.87–1.01) for DASH. Similar associations were observed prospectively: 0.88 (0.80–0.96) for MDS; 0.95 (0.84–1.06) for AHEI-2010; 0.90 (0.84–0.97) for DASH.

Conclusion

Population-scale observational evidence indicates that adults following a healthy dietary pattern have fewer depressive symptoms and lower risk of developing depressive symptoms.
The Embodied Conservatism of Rudolf Laban, 1919–1926
Authors: Keilson Ana Isabel
Published: August 2019

This article examines Rudolf Laban's theory of dance as it developed in his written and stage works from 1919 to 1926. Specifically, it shows how Laban defined dance as a form of positive liberty, which provided the anchor of what I label as his “embodied conservatism,” a conceptual and practical orientation of movement toward the goal of reshaping society according to principles of harmony as universal law. Bridging the history of dance with the history of political thought, I argue that Laban's theory of dance offered a theory of politics in response to social and political fracture during the Weimar Republic.
m-Algebraic lattices in formal concept analysis
Authors: Zhang Zhongxi , Li Qingguo , Zhang Nan
Published: August 2019

The notion of an m-algebraic lattice, where m stands for a cardinal number, includes numerous special cases, such as complete lattice, algebraic lattice, and prime algebraic lattice. In formal concept analysis, one fundamental result states that every concept lattice is complete, and conversely, each complete lattice is isomorphic to a concept lattice. In this paper, we introduce the notion of an m-approximable concept on each context. The m-approximable concept lattice derived from the notion is an m-algebraic lattice, and conversely, every m-algebraic lattice is isomorphic to an m-approximable concept lattice of some context. Morphisms on m-algebraic lattices and those on contexts are provided, called m-continuous functions and m-approximable morphisms, respectively. We establish a categorical equivalence between LATm, the category of m-algebraic lattices and m-continuous functions, and CXTm, the category of contexts and mapproximable morphisms.We prove that LATm is cartesian closed whenevermis regular and m > 2. By the equivalence of LATm and CXTm, we obtain that CXTm is also cartesian closed under same circumstances. The notions of a concept, an approximable concept, and a weak approximable concept are showed to be special cases of that of an m-approximable concept.
DNA fragmentation index, pAKT and pERK1/2 in cumulus cells are related to oocyte competence in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization programme
Authors: Ruvolo Giovanni , Roccheri Maria Carmela , Luparello Claudio , Matranga Domenica , Ferrigno Alberto , Bosco Liana
Published: August 2019

Activated pERK1/2 and pAKT are key players in supporting cell survival and proliferation pathways. Translocation of pERK1/2 into the nucleus, where it interacts with transcription factors and DNA itself, is instrumental in exerting an anti-apoptotic effect. In this study, pAKT levels, pERK1/2 nuclear localization and DNA fragmentation index (DFI) in cumulus cells of single cumulus–oocyte complexes of patients undergoing in vitro fertilization programmes were evaluated and correlated with the clinical outcome of the related embryos. For a positive clinical outcome of blastocyst development, pERK1/2 nuclear localization and DFI value had a significant inverse relationship, whereas the former and the intracellular accumulation of pAKT had a significant direct relationship. This relationship was not observed for the negative clinical outcome of the arrested embryos. Moreover, intracellular accumulation of pAKT and DFI value had a significant inverse relationship in all samples examined. The obtained data suggest that the intranuclear relocation of pERK1/2, along with an enhanced intracellular accumulation of pAKT, may exert a survival effect and increase cell viability, therefore providing a novel marker tool to choose the best oocyte to be fertilized and submitted to an intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycle.
Past Climate Sensitivity Not Always Key to the Future
Authors: Cook Terri
Published: August 2019

New research suggests that changes in continental configuration, solar brightness, and background atmospheric carbon dioxide levels all conspire to drive Earth’s climate sensitivity over geologic time.
The rough sound of salience enhances aversion through neural synchronisation
Authors: Arnal Luc H. , Kleinschmidt Andreas , Spinelli Laurent , Giraud Anne-Lise , Mégevand Pierre
Published: August 2019

Being able to produce sounds that capture attention and elicit rapid reactions is the prime goal of communication. One strategy, exploited by alarm signals, consists in emitting fast but perceptible amplitude modulations in the roughness range (30–150 Hz). Here, we investigate the perceptual and neural mechanisms underlying aversion to such temporally salient sounds. By measuring subjective aversion to repetitive acoustic transients, we identify a nonlinear pattern of aversion restricted to the roughness range. Using human intracranial recordings, we show that rough sounds do not merely affect local auditory processes but instead synchronise large-scale, supramodal, salience-related networks in a steady-state, sustained manner. Rough sounds synchronise activity throughout superior temporal regions, subcortical and cortical limbic areas, and the frontal cortex, a network classically involved in aversion processing. This pattern correlates with subjective aversion in all these regions, consistent with the hypothesis that roughness enhances auditory aversion through spreading of neural synchronisation.
Dissecting the heterogeneity of DENV vaccine-elicited cellular immunity using single-cell RNA sequencing and metabolic profiling
Authors: Waickman Adam T. , Victor Kaitlin , Li Tao , Hatch Kristin , Rutvisuttinunt Wiriya , Medin Carey , Gabriel Benjamin , Jarman Richard G. , Friberg Heather , Currier Jeffrey R.
Published: August 2019

Generating effective and durable T cell immunity is a critical prerequisite for vaccination against dengue virus (DENV) and other viral diseases. However, understanding the molecular mechanisms of vaccine-elicited T cell immunity remains a critical knowledge gap in vaccinology. In this study, we utilize single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) and longitudinal TCR clonotype analysis to identify a unique transcriptional signature present in acutely activated and clonally-expanded T cells that become committed to the memory repertoire. This effector/memory-associated transcriptional signature is dominated by a robust metabolic transcriptional program. Based on this transcriptional signature, we are able to define a set of markers that identify the most durable vaccine-reactive memory-precursor CD8+ T cells. This study illustrates the power of scRNAseq as an analytical tool to assess the molecular mechanisms of host control and vaccine modality in determining the magnitude, diversity and persistence of vaccine-elicited cell-mediated immunity.
The PINK1 kinase-driven ubiquitin ligase Parkin promotes mitochondrial protein import through the presequence pathway in living cells
Authors: Jacoupy M. , Hamon-Keromen E. , Ordureau A. , Erpapazoglou Z. , Coge F. , Corvol J.-C. , Nosjean O. , Mannoury la Cour C. , Millan M. J. , Boutin J. A. , Harper J. W. , Brice A. , Guedin D. , Gautier C. A. , Corti O.
Published: August 2019

Most of over a thousand mitochondrial proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and must be imported from the cytosol. Little is known about the cytosolic events regulating mitochondrial protein import, partly due to the lack of appropriate tools for its assessment in living cells. We engineered an inducible biosensor for monitoring the main presequence-mediated import pathway with a quantitative, luminescence-based readout. This tool was used to explore the regulation of mitochondrial import by the PINK1 kinase-driven Parkin ubiquitin ligase, which is dysfunctional in autosomal recessive Parkinson’s disease. We show that mitochondrial import was stimulated by Parkin, but not by disease-causing Parkin variants. This effect was dependent on Parkin activation by PINK1 and accompanied by an increase in the abundance of K11 ubiquitin chains on mitochondria and by ubiquitylation of subunits of the translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane. Mitochondrial import efficiency was abnormally low in cells from patients with PINK1- and PARK2-linked Parkinson’s disease and was restored by phosphomimetic ubiquitin in cells with residual Parkin activity. Altogether, these findings uncover a role of ubiquitylation in mitochondrial import regulation and suggest that loss of this regulatory loop may underlie the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease, providing novel opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
Detachment tectonics at Mid-Atlantic Ridge 26°N
Authors: Szitkar Florent , Dyment Jérôme , Petersen Sven , Bialas Jörg , Klischies Meike , Graber Sebastian , Klaeschen Dirk , Yeo Isobel , Murton Bramley J.
Published: August 2019

Spreading processes associated with slow-spreading ridges are a complex interplay of volcanic accretion and tectonic dismemberment of the oceanic crust, resulting in an irregular seafloor morphology made up of blocks created by episodes of intense volcanic activity or tectonic deformation. These blocks undergo highly variable evolution, such as tilts or dissection by renewed tectonic extension, depending on their positions with respect to the spreading axis, core complexes, detachment or transform faults. Here, we use near-seafloor magnetic and bathymetric data and seismic profiles collected over the TAG Segment of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge to constrain the tectonic evolution of these blocks. Our study reveals that the presence and evolution of oceanic core complexes play a key role in triggering block movements. The deep subvertical detachment fault roots on the plate boundary, marked by a thermal anomaly and transient magma bodies. Thermal and magmatic variations control the structure and morphology of the seafloor above the subhorizontal detachment surface, occasionally leading to relocating the detachment.
Association of Cyclin Dependent Kinase 10 and Transcription Factor 2 during Human Corneal Epithelial Wound Healing in vitro model
Authors: Zehra Meraj , Mushtaq Shamim , Ghulam Musharraf Syed , Ghani Rubina , Ahmed Nikhat
Published: August 2019

Proper wound healing is dynamic in order to maintain the corneal integrity and transparency. Impaired or delayed corneal epithelial wound healing is one of the most frequently observed ocular defect and difficult to treat. Cyclin dependen kinase (cdk), a known cell cycle regulator, required for proper proliferating and migration of cell. We therefore investigated the role of cell cycle regulator cdk10, member of cdk family and its functional association with transcriptional factor (ETS2) at active phase of corneal epithelial cell migration. Our data showed that cdk10 was associated with ETS2, while its expression was upregulated at the active phase (18 hours) of cell migration and gradually decrease as the wound was completely closed. Topical treatment with anti-cdk10 and ETS2 antibodies delayed the wound closure time at higest concentration (10 µg/ml) compared to control. Further, our results also showed increased mRNA expression of cdk10 and ETS2 at active phase of migration at approximately 2 fold. Collectively, our data reveals that cdk10 and ETS2 efficiently involved during corneal wound healing. Further studies are warranted to better understand the mechanism and safety of topical cdk10 and ETS2 proteins in corneal epithelial wound-healing and its potential role for human disease treatment.
Characterization and overproduction of cell-associated cholesterol oxidase ChoD from Streptomyces lavendulae YAKB-15
Authors: Yamada Keith , Koroleva Arina , Laughlin Mitchell , Oksanen Niko , Akhgari Amir , Safronova Vera , Yakovleva Elena , Kolodyaznaya Vera , Buldakova Tatiana , Metsä-Ketelä Mikko
Published: August 2019

Cholesterol oxidases are important enzymes with a wide range of applications from basic research to industry. In this study, we have discovered and described the first cell-associated cholesterol oxidase, ChoD, from Streptomyces lavendulae YAKB-15. This strain is a naturally high producer of ChoD, but only produces ChoD in a complex medium containing whole yeast cells. For characterization of ChoD, we acquired a draft genome sequence of S. lavendulae YAKB-15 and identified a gene product containing a flavin adenine dinucleotide binding motif, which could be responsible for the ChoD activity. The enzymatic activity was confirmed in vitro with histidine tagged ChoD produced in Escherichia coli TOP10, which lead to the determination of basic kinetic parameters with Km 15.9 µM and kcat 10.4/s. The optimum temperature and pH was 65 °C and 5, respectively. In order to increase the efficiency of production, we then expressed the cholesterol oxidase, choD, gene heterologously in Streptomyces lividans TK24 and Streptomyces albus J1074 using two different expression systems. In S. albus J1074, the ChoD activity was comparable to the wild type S. lavendulae YAKB-15, but importantly allowed production of ChoD without the presence of yeast cells.
Extensive Soot Compaction by Cloud Processing from Laboratory and Field Observations
Authors: Bhandari Janarjan , China Swarup , Chandrakar Kamal Kant , Kinney Greg , Cantrell Will , Shaw Raymond A. , Mazzoleni Lynn R. , Girotto Giulia , Sharma Noopur , Gorkowski Kyle , Gilardoni Stefania , Decesari Stefano , Facchini Maria Cristina , Zanca Nicola , Pavese Giulia , Esposito Francesco , Dubey Manvendra K. , Aiken Allison C. , Chakrabarty Rajan K. , Moosmüller Hans , Onasch Timothy B. , Zaveri Rahul A. , Scarnato Barbara V. , Fialho Paulo , Mazzoleni Claudio
Published: August 2019

Soot particles form during combustion of carbonaceous materials and impact climate and air quality. When freshly emitted, they are typically fractal-like aggregates. After atmospheric aging, they can act as cloud condensation nuclei, and water condensation or evaporation restructure them to more compact aggregates, affecting their optical, aerodynamic, and surface properties. Here we survey the morphology of ambient soot particles from various locations and different environmental and aging conditions. We used electron microscopy and show extensive soot compaction after cloud processing. We further performed laboratory experiments to simulate atmospheric cloud processing under controlled conditions. We find that soot particles sampled after evaporating the cloud droplets, are significantly more compact than freshly emitted and interstitial soot, confirming that cloud processing, not just exposure to high humidity, compacts soot. Our findings have implications for how the radiative, surface, and aerodynamic properties, and the fate of soot particles are represented in numerical models.
Adjuvant chemotherapy does not provide survival benefits to elderly patients with stage II colon cancer
Authors: Lee Kil-yong , Park Ji Won , Lee Ki-young , Cho Sangsik , Kwon Yoon-Hye , Kim Min Jung , Ryoo Seung-Bum , Jeong Seung-Yong , Park Kyu Joo
Published: August 2019

To date, the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy after curative resection in patients with stage II colon cancer remains controversial. Still, little is known about the effects of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage II colon cancer who are older than 70 years, as most studies did not focus on this population. This study aimed to investigate the oncologic outcomes of elderly patients with stage II colon cancer who underwent curative resection with or without postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients older than 70 years who underwent curative resection of stage II primary colon cancer during 2002–2015. Patients were classified into surgery alone (SA) and adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) groups and propensity score-matched at a 1:1 ratio using a logistic regression. The end points were recurrence-free (RFS), cancer-specific (CSS) and overall survival (OS). Of the 623 patients who met the criteria, 145 were assigned to each arm after propensity score matching. The mean ages of the SA and AC groups were 74.3 and 74.0 years, respectively. A log-rank test revealed no significant inter-group differences in RFS (p = 0.202), CSS (p = 0.486) or OS (p = 0.299). In a Cox regression analysis, adjuvant chemotherapy was not found to be an independent factor affecting RFS (p = 0.206), CSS (p = 0.487) or OS (p = 0.301). Adjuvant chemotherapy does not appear to yield survival benefits in elderly patients with stage II colon cancer.
Effect of mechanically stimulated saliva on initial human dental biofilm formation
Authors: Inui Taichi , Palmer Robert J. , Shah Nehal , Li Wei , Cisar John O. , Wu Christine D.
Published: August 2019

This study evaluated the impact of mechanically stimulated saliva on initial bacterial colonization. Interaction between oral bacteria and both unstimulated and stimulated saliva was examined in vitro by laying labeled bacteria over SDS-PAGE-separated salivary proteins. The effects of chewing on in vivo biofilm, microbial composition, and spatial arrangement were examined in two human volunteers using an intraoral stent containing retrievable enamel chips. In vitro experiments showed that bacterial binding to proteins from stimulated saliva was lower than that to proteins from unstimulated saliva. Lack of binding activity was noted with Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus casei. Human Oral Microbe Identification Microarray (HOMIM) analyses revealed a consistent chewing-related increase in the binding of Streptococcus anginosus and Streptococcus gordonii. Immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated the presence of multi-species colonies and cells bearing different serotypes of the coaggregation-mediating streptococcal cell-surface receptor polysaccharides (RPS). Differences in bacterial colonization were noted between the two volunteers, while the type 4 RPS-reactive serotype was absent in one volunteer. Cells reacting with antibody against Rothia or Haemophilus were prominent in the early biofilm. While analysis of the data obtained demonstrated inter-individual variations in both in vitro and in vivo bacterial binding patterns, stimulating saliva with multiple orosensory stimuli may modulate oral bacterial colonization of tooth surfaces.
Author Correction: Exploring the Sequence-based Prediction of Folding Initiation Sites in Proteins
Authors: Raimondi Daniele , Orlando Gabriele , Pancsa Rita , Khan Taushif , Vranken Wim F.
Published: August 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Dissociable functional activities of cortical theta and beta oscillations in the lateral prefrontal cortex during intertemporal choice
Authors: Gui Dan-Yang , Yu Tao , Hu Zhenhong , Yan Jiaqing , Li Xiaoli
Published: August 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
High 3He/4He ratios in lower East Rift Zone steaming vents precede a new phase of Kilauea 2018 eruption by 8 months
Authors: McMurtry G. M. , Dasilveira L. A. , Horn E. L. , DeLuze J. R. , Blessing J. E.
Published: August 2019

On May 1, 2018, a magnitude 5.0 earthquake heralded the collapse of the Pu’u O’o Vent on the middle East Rift Zone (ERZ) of Kilauea Volcano, active since 1983. Increased seismicity was recorded on the middle to lower ERZ from April 30 until May 2, 2018. The active lava lakes within both Pu’u O’o Vent and Halema’uma’u Crater began to drain and the summit caldera began to deflate, with the summit collapse ending on August 2, 2018 and lower ERZ eruptive lava activity ending by 4 September 2018. Herein we report on elevated 3He/4He ratios in steaming vents in the lower ERZ from samples collected in early September 2017. Gas isotopic measurements were made with a new, field-portable He isotope detector capable of sub-daily monitoring of the 3He/4He ratio. When corrected for air contamination, these values exceed those previously reported for Kilauea by nearly twofold, resembling a purer hotspot plume signature, such as those measured directly over the mantle plume at Loihi Seamount to the SE of Hawaii Island, and in older basalt flows when Kilauea and its sister Hawaiian shield volcanoes were located more directly over the plume. The discovery, which presages the eruption there by more than eight months, suggests that we either sampled a 3He/4He rich magma already in place in the lower ERZ or a shallow groundwater reservoir in the lower ERZ (Puna district) with anomalously low values of 4He relative to their 3He/4He ratio, similar to previous findings there and suggestive of a previously unknown He isotopic fractionation.
CdS quantum dots-based immunoassay combined with particle imprinted polymer technology and laser ablation ICP-MS as a versatile tool for protein detection
Authors: Vaneckova Tereza , Bezdekova Jaroslava , Tvrdonova Michaela , Vlcnovska Marcela , Novotna Veronika , Neuman Jan , Stossova Aneta , Kanicky Viktor , Adam Vojtech , Vaculovicova Marketa , Vaculovic Tomas
Published: August 2019

For the first time, the combination of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) technology with laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is presented with focus on an optimization of the LA-ICP-MS parameters such as laser beam diameter, laser beam fluence, and scan speed using CdS quantum dots (QDs) as a template and dopamine as a functional monomer. A non-covalent imprinting approach was employed in this study due to the simplicity of preparation. Simple oxidative polymerization of the dopamine that creates the self-assembly monolayer seems to be an ideal choice. The QDs prepared by UV light irradiation synthesis were stabilized by using mercaptosuccinic acid. Formation of a complex of QD-antibody and QD-antibody-antigen was verified by using capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. QDs and antibody were connected together via an affinity peptide linker. LA-ICP-MS was employed as a proof-of-concept for detection method of two types of immunoassay: 1) antigen extracted from the sample by MIP and subsequently overlaid/immunoreacted by QD-labelled antibodies, 2) complex of antigen, antibody, and QD formed in the sample and subsequently extracted by MIP. The first approach provided higher sensitivity (MIP/NIP), however, the second demonstrated higher selectivity. A mixture of proteins with size in range 10–250 kDa was used as a model sample to demonstrate the capability of both approaches for detection of IgG in a complex sample.
Ultrasound delivery of Surface Enhanced InfraRed Absorption active gold-nanoprobes into fibroblast cells: a biological study via Synchrotron-based InfraRed microanalysis at single cell level
Authors: Domenici F. , Capocefalo A. , Brasili F. , Bedini A. , Giliberti C. , Palomba R. , Silvestri I. , Scarpa S. , Morrone S. , Paradossi G. , Frogley M. D. , Cinque G.
Published: August 2019

Ultrasound (US) induced transient membrane permeabilisation has emerged as a hugely promising tool for the delivery of exogenous vectors through the cytoplasmic membrane, paving the way to the design of novel anticancer strategies by targeting functional nanomaterials to specific biological sites. An essential step towards this end is the detailed recognition of suitably marked nanoparticles in sonoporated cells and the investigation of the potential related biological effects. By taking advantage of Synchrotron Radiation Fourier Transform Infrared micro-spectroscopy (SR-microFTIR) in providing highly sensitive analysis at the single cell level, we studied the internalisation of a nanoprobe within fibroblasts (NIH-3T3) promoted by low-intensity US. To this aim we employed 20 nm gold nanoparticles conjugated with the IR marker 4-aminothiophenol. The significant Surface Enhanced Infrared Absorption provided by the nanoprobes, with an absorbance increase up to two orders of magnitude, allowed us to efficiently recognise their inclusion within cells. Notably, the selective and stable SR-microFTIR detection from single cells that have internalised the nanoprobe exhibited clear changes in both shape and intensity of the spectral profile, highlighting the occurrence of biological effects. Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and murine cytokinesis-block micronucleus assays confirmed the presence of slight but significant cytotoxic and genotoxic events associated with the US-nanoprobe combined treatments. Our results can provide novel hints towards US and nanomedicine combined strategies for cell spectral imaging as well as drug delivery-based therapies.
Rumen bacterial community responses to DPA, EPA and DHA in cattle and sheep: A comparative in vitro study
Authors: Carreño D. , Toral P. G. , Pinloche E. , Belenguer A. , Yáñez-Ruiz D. R. , Hervás G. , McEwan N. R. , Newbold C. J. , Frutos P.
Published: August 2019

The role of marine lipids as modulators of ruminal biohydrogenation of dietary unsaturated fatty acids may be explained by the effects of their n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on the bacterial community. However, the impact of individual PUFA has barely been examined, and it is uncertain which bacteria are truly involved in biohydrogenation. In addition, despite interspecies differences in rumen bacterial composition, we are not aware of any direct comparison of bovine and ovine responses to dietary PUFA. Therefore, rumen fluid from cannulated cattle and sheep were used as inocula to examine in vitro the effect of 20:5n-3 (EPA), 22:5n-3 (DPA), and 22:6n-3 (DHA) on the bacterial community. Amplicon 16 S rRNA sequencing suggested that EPA and DHA had a greater contribution to the action of marine lipids than DPA both in cattle and sheep. Certain effects were exclusive to each ruminant species, which underlines the complexity of rumen microbial responses to dietary fatty acids. Based on changes in bacterial abundance, Barnesiella, Prevotella, Paraprevotella, Hallela, Anaerovorax, Succiniclasticum, Ruminococcus and Ruminobacter may be involved in the ruminal response in biohydrogenation to the addition of marine lipids, but further research is necessary to confirm their actual role in ruminal lipid metabolism.
Functional genomic characterization of metallothioneins in brown trout (Salmo trutta L.). using synthetic genetic analysis
Authors: Paris Josephine R. , Usher Jane
Published: August 2019

Metal pollution has made a significant impact on the earth’s ecosystems and tolerance to metals in a wide variety of species has evolved. Metallothioneins, a group of cysteine-rich metal-ion binding proteins, are known to be a key physiological mechanism in regulating protection against metal toxicity. Many rivers across the southwest of England are detrimentally affected by metal pollution, but brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) populations are known to reside within them. In this body of work, two isoforms of metallothionein (MetA and MetB) isolated from trout occupying a polluted and a control river are examined. Using synthetic genetic array (SGA) analyses in the model yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, functional genomics is used to explore the role of metallothionein isoforms in driving metal tolerance. By harnessing this experimental system, S. cerevisiae is used to (i) determine the genetic interaction maps of MetA and MetB isoforms; (ii) identify differences between the genetic interactions in both isoforms and (iii) demonstrate that pre-exposure to metals in metal-tolerant trout influences these interactions. By using a functional genomics approach leveraged from the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we demonstrate how such approaches could be used in understanding the ecology and evolution of a non-model species.
Climate change-based models predict range shifts in the distribution of the only Asian plethodontid salamander: Karsenia koreana
Authors: Borzée Amaël , Andersen Desiree , Groffen Jordy , Kim Hyun-Tae , Bae Yoonhyuk , Jang Yikweon
Published: August 2019

Populations see their range fluctuate in relation to environmental variations, including climate change, and their survival is linked to the maintenance of large enough populations and broad enough distributions during these variations. Most amphibian populations are threatened by numerous ecological and anthropogenic variables acting in synergy with climate change. Accumulating basic ecological data such as range enables the development of population and range dynamics, themselves resulting on adequate conservation plans.Karsenia koreanais the only known Asian plethodontic salamander, occurring in a very restricted area only. Based on presence data, we created an ecological model using six bioclimatic factors with low multicollinearity to define the adequate habitat of the species, and we modelled the predicted suitability of the Korean landscape following four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) predicting climate change scenarios based on CO2concentrations in 2050 and 2070. The maximum entropy model for the current distribution produced a landscape suitability considerably wider than the current known distribution. The projected ranges for each RCP indicated marked increases, decreases and shifts in areas with suitable landscapes due to climate change. The lowest RCP prediction resulted in an increase in suitable area, although potentially without connectivity with current populations, while the highest RCP predictions resulted in a decrease. Our results highlight the potential negative impact of climate change, thus requiring updates in conservation plans forK. koreana. The methods used here can be replicated with any land-dwelling species, and our results reflect expected range shifts for most amphibians of the northern hemisphere.
Dickkopf-related protein 1 is a progestomedin acting on the bovine embryo during the morula-to-blastocyst transition to program trophoblast elongation
Authors: Tríbulo Paula , Rabaglino María Belen , Bo Martin Bonet , Carvalheira Luciano de R. , Bishop Jeanette V. , Hansen Thomas R. , Hansen Peter J.
Published: August 2019

Progesterone regulates the endometrium to support pregnancy establishment and maintenance. In the ruminant, one action of progesterone early in pregnancy is to alter embryonic development and hasten the process of trophoblast elongation around day 14–15 of pregnancy, which is required for maternal recognition of pregnancy. Here we demonstrate that the WNT antagonist DKK1, whose expression is increased by progesterone treatment, can act on the bovine embryo during day 5 to 7.5 of development (the morula to blastocyst stage) to promote embryonic elongation on day 15 of pregnancy. Embryos were produced in vitro and exposed to 0 or 100 ng/ml recombinant human DKK1 from day 5 to 7.5 of culture. Blastocysts were transferred into synchronized recipient cows on day 7.5 (n = 23 for control and 17 for DKK1). On day 15, cows were slaughtered and embryos recovered by flushing the uterus. Embryo recovery was n = 11 for controls (48% recovery) and n = 11 for DKK1 (65% recovery). Except for two DKK1 embryos, all embryos were filamentous. Treatment with DKK1 increased (P = 0.007) the length of filamentous embryos from 43.9 mm to 117.4 mm and the intrauterine content of the maternal recognition of pregnancy signal IFNT (P = 0.01) from 4.9 µg to 16.6 µg. Determination of differentially expressed genes (DEG), using the R environment, revealed 473 DEG at p < 0.05 but none at FDR < 0.05, suggesting that DKK1 did not strongly modify the embryo transcriptome at the time it was measured. However, samples clustered apart in a multidimensional scaling analyisis. Weighted gene co-expression analysis of the transcriptome of filamentous embryos revealed a subset of genes that were related to embryo length, with identification of a significant module of genes in the DKK1 group only. Thus, several of the differences between DKK1 and control groups in gene expression were due to differences in embryo length. In conclusion, DKK1 can act on the morula-to-blastocyst stage embryo to modify subsequent trophoblast elongation. Higher pregnancy rates associated with transfer of DKK1-treated embryos may be due in part to enhancements of trophoblast growth and antiluteolytic signaling through IFNT secretion. Given that progesterone can regulate both timing of trophoblast elongation and DKK1 expression, DKK1 may be a mediator of progesterone effects on embryonic development.
Inner retinal thinning as a biomarker for cognitive impairment in de novo Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Sung Mi Sun , Choi Seong-Min , Kim Jonghwa , Ha Jun Young , Kim Byeong-Chae , Heo Hwan , Park Sang Woo
Published: August 2019

We investigated the association between retinal changes measured using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and diverse clinical grading scales in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Seventy-four eyes of 74 patients withde novoPD and 53 eyes of age-matched control subjects were included. The thickness of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL) were measured. We analyzed the correlations between the clinical PD grading scales and OCT parameters, and between the OCT parameters and volumetric data in the cerebral cortical and subcortical structures. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was calculated for diagnosing cognitive impairment in patients with PD. Statistically significant reductions in the thickness of average, temporal, and inferior pRNFL and overall mGCIPL were observed in patients with PD. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment score was significantly associated with mGCIPL thinning. The AUC of the mGCIPL parameters for diagnosing cognitive impairment in patients with PD ranged from 0.651 to 0.760. Moreover, thinning of the mGCIPL was significantly associated with the volumetric parameters of associated brain structures. Our findings highlight the clinical implications of OCT measurements as a potential biomarker for early detection of cognitive impairment in patients with PD.
Variable ability of rapid tests to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis rpoB mutations conferring phenotypically occult rifampicin resistance
Authors: Torrea Gabriela , Ng Kamela C. S. , Van Deun Armand , André Emmanuel , Kaisergruber Justine , Ssengooba Willy , Desmaretz Christel , Gabriels Siemon , Driesen Michèle , Diels Maren , Asnong Sylvie , Fissette Kristina , Gumusboga Mourad , Rigouts Leen , Affolabi Dissou , Joloba Moses , De Jong Bouke C.
Published: August 2019

We compared the ability of commercial and non-commercial, phenotypic and genotypic rapid drug susceptibility tests (DSTs) to detect rifampicin resistance (RR)-conferring ‘disputed’ mutations frequently missed by Mycobacterium Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT), namely L430P, D435Y, L452P, and I491F. Strains with mutation S450L served as positive control while wild-types were used as negative control. Of the 38 mutant strains, 5.7% were classified as RR by MGIT, 16.2% by Trek Sensititre MYCOTB MIC plate, 19.4% by resazurin microtiter plate assay (REMA), 50.0% by nitrate reductase assay (NRA), and 62.2% by microscopic observation direct susceptibility testing (MODS). Reducing MGIT rifampicin concentration to 0.5 µg/ml, and/or increasing incubation time, enhanced detection of disputed mutations from 5.7% to at least 65.7%, particularly for mutation I491F (from 0.0 to 75.0%). Compared with MGIT at standard pre-set time with 0.25 µg/ml ECOFF as breakpoint, we found a statistically significant increase in the ability of MGIT to resolve disputed mutants and WT strains at extended incubation period of 15 and 21 days, with 0.5 µg/ml and 1 µg/ml ECOFF respectively. MODS detected 75.0% of the I491F strains and NRA 62.5%, while it was predictably missed by all molecular assays. Xpert MTB/RIF, Xpert Ultra, and GenoscholarTB-NTM + MDRTB detected all mutations within the 81 bp RR determining region. Only GenoType MTBDRplus version 2 missed mutation L430P in 2 of 11 strains. Phenotypic and genotypic DSTs varied greatly in detecting occult rifampicin resistance. None of these methods detected all disputed mutations without misclassifying wild-type strains.
The influence of the chosen in vitro bone simulation model on intraosseous temperatures and drilling times
Authors: Szalma József , Lovász Bálint V. , Vajta László , Soós Balázs , Lempel Edina , Möhlhenrich Stephan C.
Published: August 2019

There is no consensus about the most suitable in vitro simulating material investigating heat generation during bone preparation. The aim was to compare heat increases and drilling times of bone removals in different bone simulating materials and to compare them to fresh human cadaver bone. A cavity was drilled in the following samples: (1) bovine rib; (2) pig rib; (3) 20 PCF (lb/ft3) polyurethane (PU) block with 3 mm (50 PCF) cortical layer; (4) 20PCF PU without cortical; (5) 30 PCF PU with 2 mm (40 PCF) cortical; (6) 30 PCF PU with 1 mm (40 PCF) cortical; (7) 30PCF PU without cortical; (8) poly-methyl-methacrylate (PMMA); (9) fresh human cadaver rib. Data were analyzed with ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc tests. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Highest heat increases and slowest drilling times were found in bovine ribs (p < 0.001). Regarding temperatures, human ribs were comparable to the pig rib and to PUs having cortical layers. Considering drilling times, the human rib was only comparable to the 20 PCF PU with 3 mm cortical and to 30 PCF PU without cortical. By the tested in vitro bone removals, only the 20 PCF PU with 3 mm cortical was able to simulate human ribs, considering both temperature increases and drilling times.
High-efficiency genomic editing in Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid B cells using a single-stranded donor oligonucleotide strategy
Authors: Johnston Andrew D. , Simões-Pires Claudia A. , Suzuki Masako , Greally John M.
Published: August 2019

While human lymphoblastoid cell lines represent a valuable resource for population genetic studies, they have usually been regarded as difficult for CRISPR-mediated genomic editing because of very inefficient DNA transfection and retroviral or lentiviral transduction in these cells, which becomes a substantial problem when multiple constructs need to be co-expressed. Here we describe a protocol using a single-stranded donor oligonucleotide strategy for ‘scarless’ editing in lymphoblastoid cells, yielding 12/60 (20%) of clones with homology-directed recombination, when rates of <5–10% are frequently typical for many other cell types. The protocol does not require the use of lentiviruses or stable transfection, permitting lymphoblastoid cell lines to be used for CRISPR-mediated genomic targeting and screening in population genetic studies.
A ternary system for delayed curing inverse vulcanisation
Authors: Zhang Bowen , Petcher Samuel , Hasell Tom
Published: August 2019

Unreacted sulfur and crosslinkers readily separate without mixing, but the final product is a crosslinked solid. We report a stable pre-polymer solution that can be later cured to the final form as needed.
Ordered hydration layer mediated ice adsorption of a globular antifreeze protein: mechanistic insight
Authors: Chakraborty Sandipan , Jana Biman
Published: August 2019

The ice binding surface of a type III AFP induces water ordering at lower temperature, which mediates its adsorption on the ice surface.
Interplay of the adsorption of light and heavy paraffins in hydroisomerization over H-beta zeolite
Authors: Mendes Pedro S. F. , Chizallet Céline , Pérez-Pellitero Javier , Raybaud Pascal , Silva João M. , Ribeiro M. Filipa , Daudin Antoine , Bouchy Christophe
Published: August 2019

Hydroisomerization: controlling selectivity by tuning the Pt/zeolite properties.
Synthesis, crystal structures and magnetic properties of a series of chair-like heterometallic [Fe4Ln2] (Ln = GdIII, DyIII, HoIII, and ErIII) complexes with mixed organic ligands
Authors: Wang Hui-Sheng , Long Qiao-Qiao , Hu Zhao-Bo , Yue Lin , Yang Feng-Jun , Yin Cheng-Ling , Pan Zhi-Quan , Zhang Yi-Quan , Song You
Published: August 2019

Four chair-like [Fe4Ln2] (Ln = Gd, Dy, Ho and Er) complexes with mixed organic ligands have been obtained. [Fe4Dy2] exhibits single molecule magnet behavior.
Bioaccessibility and biotransformation of anthocyanin monomers following in vitro simulated gastric-intestinal digestion and in vivo metabolism in rats
Authors: Chen Yao , Chen Hui , Zhang Weijie , Ding Yangyang , Zhao Ting , Zhang Min , Mao Guanghua , Feng Weiwei , Wu Xiangyang , Yang Liuqing
Published: August 2019

C3G went through a rapid absorption and metabolized into phenolic acids or their derivatives in vitro and in vivo.
Biomass-derived phosphorus-doped carbon materials as efficient metal-free catalysts for selective aerobic oxidation of alcohols
Authors: Hu Xiwei , Fan Mengying , Zhu Yangyang , Zhu Qian , Song Qiang , Dong Zhengping
Published: August 2019

Heteroatom-doped carbon materials (HDCMs) with abundant active functional groups and stable structural characteristics are promising catalysts for eco-friendly metal-free catalysis.
Lewis acids in situ modulate pyridazine-imine Ni catalysed ethylene (co)polymerisation
Authors: Wang Guohong , Li Min , Pang Wenmin , Chen Min , Tan Chen
Published: August 2019

The Lewis acid-base interaction between B(iii) Lewis acids and the pyridazine moiety reduced the electron density from the Ni center and in situ modulated the pyridazine-imine nickel catalyzed ethylene (co)polymerisation.
A fast response TLC-SERS substrate for on-site detection of hydrophilic and hydrophobic adulterants in botanical dietary supplements
Authors: Zhu Qingxia , Cao Yongbing , Li Dan , Fang Fang , Lu Feng , Yuan Yongfang
Published: August 2019

Schematic illustration of TLC-SERS for detection of hydrophilic and hydrophobic adulterants in botanical dietary supplements.
Liquid phase reduction synthesis of a cobalt boride–activated carbon composite with improved specific capacitance and retention rate as a new positive electrode material for supercapacitors
Authors: Hou Jing-Feng , Gao Jian-Fei , Kong Ling-Bin
Published: August 2019

Amorphous cobalt boride–activated carbon was synthesized via a one-step liquid phase reduction method and its electrochemical performance was studied.
Single-phase alkylammonium cesium lead iodide quasi-2D perovskites for color-tunable and spectrum-stable red LEDs
Authors: Lin Hong , Mao Jian , Qin Minchao , Song Zhilong , Yin Wanjian , Lu Xinhui , Choy Wallace C. H.
Published: August 2019

Quantum confinement adjustment by tuning the size of single-phase quasi-2D PA2CsPb2I7 perovskite nanoplates for tunable emission colors.
Asymmetric domino 1,6-addition/annulation reaction of 3-cyano-4-alkenyl-2H-chromen-2-ones with isatin-derived MBH carbonates: enantioselective synthesis of 3,3′-cyclopentenylspirooxindoles bearing 2H-chromen-2-ones
Authors: Wang Zhen-Hua , Lei Chuan-Wen , Zhang Xia-Yan , You Yong , Zhao Jian-Qiang , Yuan Wei-Cheng
Published: August 2019

An asymmetric domino 1,6-addition/annulation reaction of 3-cyano-4-alkenyl-2H-chromen-2-ones with isatin-derived MBH carbonates was achieved by using a modified cinchona alkaloid as a catalyst.
Improving the stability and ductility of polylactic acid via phosphite functional polysilsesquioxane
Authors: Luo Ji , Meng Xin , Gong Weiguang , Jiang Zewen , Xin Zhong
Published: August 2019

Improving the stability and ductility of polylactic acid via phosphite functional polysilsesquioxane.
A study on the aromatic conjugation pathways and the ring currents of bridged [18]annulenes
Authors: Tuoheti Qimanguli , Kerim Ablikim
Published: August 2019

The topological resonance energy method was used to investigate the global aromaticity of a set of [18]annulene-derived compounds obtained by replacing two, four, or all six of the inner hydrogen atoms with bridges (oxygen, imino-, sulfur, or combinations of the three).
Chiral benzene backbone-based sulfoxide-olefin ligands for highly enantioselective Rh-catalyzed addition of arylboronic acids to N-tosylarylimines
Authors: Xue Feng , Liu Qibin , Zhu Yong , Qing Yunfei , Wan Boshun
Published: August 2019

An efficient Rh-catalyzed arylation of N-tosylarylimines has been developed with benzene backbone sulfoxide–olefin ligands, affording chiral diarylmethylamines in high yields (up to 99%) with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee).
Supramolecular interactions between catalytic species allow rational control over reaction kinetics
Authors: Teunissen Abraham J. P. , Paffen Tim F. E. , Filot Ivo A. W. , Lanting Menno D. , van der Haas Roy J. C. , de Greef Tom F. A. , Meijer E. W.
Published: August 2019

The non-covalent interactions between two phase-transfer catalysts allow tuning of reaction kinetics from bimolecular, to pseudo 0th order, to sigmoidal. Kinetic models and DFT calculations are used to obtain detailed insight in the system.
Carbon-based catalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction
Authors: Jia Chen , Dastafkan Kamran , Ren Wenhao , Yang Wanfeng , Zhao Chuan
Published: August 2019

Various efficient and convenient strategies have been investigated to design carbon-based catalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction.