bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L-Shaped Monopole Antenna with Modified Partial Ground Plane for Multiband Operation
Authors:   M. tech Scholar, ECE Department, SHUATS, Prayagraj India., Pandey Prachi , Agrawal Neelesh ,   Assistant Professor, ECE Department SHUATS, Prayagraj, India., Kumar Mukesh ,   Assistant Professor, ECE Department SHUATS, Prayagraj, India., Nitin Navendu ,   Assistant Professor, ECE Department SHUATS, Prayagraj, India., Kumar Anil ,   Head Of Department, ECE Department SHUATS, Prayagraj, India.
Published: August 2019

In this paper a design of L-shaped monopole antenna (LMA) with modified partial ground plane for multiband operation is presented. The `dimension of proposed antenna is 40× 47 mm2 with 1.6 height using Teflon substrate having dielectric constant 2.1. The ground plane is amended by inserting an anti-symmetric horizontal L-slots. Single band to multiband behaviour is accomplished by applying two horizontal L-slots on partial ground plane of LMA. Both the slots are antisymmetric to Y-axis. The parametric study has also been done which is responsible for antenna behaviour. The operating frequency bands of designed antenna are 2.35-2.91GHz,3.24-3.51GHz ,4.31-5.30GHz and 5.90-6.31GHz which is suitable for Bluetooth (2.4GHZ),WLAN (2.4GHz,5.2GHz), WiMAX (2.3GHz, 2.5GHz, 3.5GHz, 5.2GHz), C-band (4-8GHz) and S-DMB (2.6GHz) applications. By using the HFSS simulator we accomplished that our designed antenna show an enhancement of bandwidth and good matching impedance.
FFT using Power Efficient Vedic Multiplier
Authors:   Department of ECE, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India., Gaur Nidhi , Mehra Anu ,   Department of ECE, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India., Kumar Pradeep ,   Department of ECE, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Published: August 2019

Modern communication systems rely on Digital Signal Processing (DSP) more than ever before. Improving the speed of FFT computation using high speed multipliers will help to enhance the performance of DSP systems. In this paper a DIT FFT architecture using high performance Modified Vedic multipliers is proposed. Vedic Multipliers offer a more efficient way to perform multiplication on large numbers occupying less area and consuming low power and delay The adders used in the Vedic multipliers are Brent Kung based and multiplexer based adders. The right utilization of these adders at different word lengths helps to achieve an architecture with minimal area and power. Comparative analysis of modified 24×24 Vedic Multiplier with existing Vedic Multiplier shows the improvement in performance with respect to power and area. Proposed FFT design is compared with existing designs for dynamic power consumption and an improvement of 46.93% compared to Tsai’s FFT Design and 59.37% compared to Coelho’s FFT Design is achieved. The entire architecture is implemented on Virtex 7 FPGA and simulated using Xilinx Vivado 2017.4.
A Compact UWB Antenna Design using Modified Ground Plane
Authors:   Department of ECE, J K Lakshmipat University ,India, Toshniwal Sandeep Kumar , Prajapati Amit ,   Department of ECE, KITE, Jaipur, India;, Ray Kanad ,   Department of Physics, Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University Rajasthan, India, Ahmad M R ,   CeTRI, UTeM, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia, Ahmad B H ,   FECE, UTeM, Malaysia, Singh P ,   Amity University Rajasthan, India, Bandyopadhyay A ,   NIMS,Japan;
Published: August 2019

A compact rectangular MS antenna for Ultra Wide Band applications is designed. In the proposed design the rectangular patch antenna designed with cutting a slot in ground of length and width 2.5mm and 3.0mm respectively at the back of feed line. By using the defective ground plane a wide BWof 9.782 GHz with frequency band 3.099 GHz to 12.278 GHz is achieved. The designed antenna with a compressed size of 30 mm x 30 mm is fabricated and tested. The antenna’s return loss and VSWR plots are presented here to confirm the complete UWB bands. Special configuration of patch antenna with slotted partial ground was designed and optimized using CST Microwave Studio.
Fault Tolerant Scheduling Methods in Cloud Based 5G Networks
Authors:   Department of Information Science, Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India., R Yashaswi , Sadashiv Naidila ,   Department of Information Science, Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India.
Published: August 2019

Cloud computing is one of the emerging technology in the field of business and also in the research field. High performance and high efficiency for 5G systems can be provided by the cloud radio access networks(C-RAN). There is also requirement of higher efficiency and also for the low latency for the 5G mobile networks. Sometimes there is probability of entire system failure due to the fault in some part of the hardware or the software. Hence by developing some of the fault tolerant methods these kind of issues can be avoided. Fault tolerance methods can also increase the use of cloud based services. The main idea of fault tolerant scheduling methods is to involve redundancy , so that all the tasks can be performed even when the system fails. But this may cause overhead for the cloud service providers. Hence various scheduling algorithms can be used to overcome this problem. In this paper, the different kinds of fault tolerant scheduling algorithms are discussed. Hence the suitable methods can be used according to the requirement of the user. This should also lead to increase in the efficiency, performance of the tasks and avoid the system failure in case of minute faults in the system.
Design of 2kW DC Charger for Two Wheelers
Authors:   Professor & HOD, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, K. K. Wagh Institute of Engineering Education and Research, Nashik, India, Chandwadkar Prof. Dr. D. M. , Maniyar Azmina Gayasuddin ,   ME student, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, K. K. Wagh Institute of Engineering Education and Research, Nashik, India, Ugale Prof. Dr. S. P. ,   Associate Professor, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, K. K. Wagh Institute of Engineering Education and Research, Nashik, India
Published: August 2019

The demand for Electric Vehicles is increasing day by day. EVs are silent, nonpolluting and produce zero emissions. This paper presents the design of a dc charger that performs the necessary functions for charging EV battery. An EV charger is a component in EV environment that supplies power for recharging the EV battery. Usually, charging an electric car seems to be very simple process, implying that one can plug one’s car into a charger that is connected to the electric grid. However, it is not as that simple. It depends on the types of EVSE that one has deployed. Offboard DC Charger is connected to the premises wiring of the mains ac supply network .It is designed to be separate and operate entirely off the vehicle. In the offboard dc charger, direct current electrical power is delivered directly to the vehicle. The power module in a DC fast charger consists of an AC-to-DC rectifier converter and an isolated DC/DC converter. The AC-to-DC rectifier is power factor correction stage in which a Vienna Rectifier based PFC converter is used. The Isolated DC-DC Converter used here is the Phase Shift Full Bridge DC-DC converter. A 2 kW prototype of the offboard DC Charger is designed and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink R2018b.
Graphical User Interface for Electric Vehicle Charging Station
Authors:   Electronics and Telecommunication, KKWIEER, Nashik,India., Ugale Prof. Dr. S. P. , Mandlik Monali T. ,   Electronics and Telecommunication, KKWIEER, Nashik,India., Chandwadkar Prof. Dr. D. M. ,   Electronics and Telecommunication, KKWIEER, Nashik, India.
Published: August 2019

Electric vehicles are increasing day by day because of its low battery cost and good battery capacity compared to other technology. Increasing automotive growth in electric vehicles also increases the automation to use it.Graphical User Interface for electric vehicles with a full-blown touch screen will become more easy to use with the introduction of fast charging stations. The approach shown to build HMI use Texas Instruments kit and CCS software. The TM4C123GH6PM processors provide scalability it also provides different processing speeds along with the software which is compatible with hardware to build low and high end applications, and provides connectivity with various peripherals required for Electric Vehicle System Equipment HMI e.g. UART and CAN. Along with this processor touch screen display K350QVGA (Texas Instruments) is used to test the output screen
DWT-DCT Based copyright Protection In Ycbcr Color Space
Authors:   Computer Science & Engineering, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India., Chaturvedi Rekha , Sharma Abhay ,   Computer Science & Engineering, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India., Dwivedi Umesh ,   Computer Science & Engineering, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India., Kumar Sandeep ,   Computer Science & Engineering, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.
Published: August 2019

Digital image watermarking is powerful technique which provide ownership protection and copyright protection. In this paper, a novel watermarking technique based on Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is presented. YCbCr color model is used for watermark embedding and extraction because of its close resemblance to human visual system. Single level DWT is applied to Luma Component of YCbCr color cover image and then DCT coefficients are taken for watermark embedding process. DCT is applied block by block of size . Binary watermark is scrambled using Arnold transform with k iterations to achieve robustness. Proposed method has been evaluated by many performance evaluation measures such as Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Normalized Correlation (NC) and Computational time. Various watermark attacks are also applied against proposed method, result shows that superiority over other methods.
Adaptive Best Mother Wavelet Based Compressive Sensing Algorithm for Energy Efficient ECG Signal Compression in WBAN Node
Authors:   Research Scholar ,Dept of ECE, JNNCE, shivamogga , Karanataka, VTU ,India., Kunabeva Rajashekar , P Dr.Manjunatha. ,   Professor & HOD, Dept of ECE, JNNCE shivamogga, Karanataka, VTU, India.., V.G Dr.Narendra. ,   Associate Professor, Dept of CSE, MIT, MAHE, Manipal, India.
Published: August 2019

In ambulatory ECG monitoring application energy efficient signal acquisition plays significant role in ensuring the lifetime of resource constrained WBAN node . Most of the Compressive Sensing (CS) algorithms employ fixed mother wavelet choice for decomposition phase, resulting in incorrect block-wise data representation thus yielding higher PRD, lower CR and subsequent faster energy consumption rate. To overcome this design issue a novel minimum PRD based adaptive best mother wavelet (ABMW) selection algorithm has been proposed individually for each block and tested for compression of ECG signals in emergent CS paradigm over three datasets. Performance metrics illustrate that the proposed algorithm supports true representation of the physiological events, is energy efficient and faster than its predecessors and has an average execution delay of 1.7 seconds for compression and recovery of 10 seconds ECG data. Simulation results show that proposed algorithm achieved average PRD of 1.141733, CR of 63.77417 and SNR of 40.63878. The proposed algorithm achieved average PRD of 3.59 , execution speed of 2.09 seconds ,CR of 62.32, SNR of 29.5dB and energy consumption is around 1.64E-04 which is very near to average energy consumption values for both MIT-BIH ,PTB datasets and 24-bit acquired ECG data.
Efficient Perturb and Observe Algorithm for Photovoltaic Maximum Power Point Tracking and Drift Avoidance using SEPIC Converter
Authors:   Department of Electrical Engineering, Mumbai University, VPM’s Maharshi Parshuram College of Engineering, Velneshwar, Maharashtra, India, Katdare Mr. Yogesh Yashwant , Chavan Mrs. Pranita ,   HOD, Electrical Engineering Department, Pillai HOC College of Engineering, Rasayani, Mumbai University, Maharashtra, India, Borse Mr. Dhananjay ,   R&D department, Radium Engineering, Bavdhan, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Published: August 2019

Maximum power point tracking is a commonly used technique for extracting maximum possible power from solar photovoltaic (PV) systems under all conditions. Various methods used for implementation of MPPT algorithm, out of those methods, perturb and observe (P&O) is very popular and commonly using method owing to its simplicity, easy implementation and highly efficient nature. However, P&O algorithm has disadvantage that it suffers from drift phenomenon in which during sudden change in atmospheric conditions, the algorithm drifts away from the maximum power point (MPP). This paper proposes modifications in the conventional P&O algorithm to overcome the drifting of MPP during suddenly changing atmospheric conditions. This algorithm takes change in current into consideration along with change in voltage and power and is verified using MATLAB/Simulink. DC/DC control is achieved using SEPIC converter and simulation results of the proposed algorithm show that the system can track the MPP in transient whether conditions and drifting is avoided.
Integration of Blockchain Technology in IoT for High Level Security
Authors:   Electronics and Communication Engineering, Lakireddy Bali Reddy College of Engineering, Mylavaram, INDIA., Kallam Siva Naga Lakshmi Pavani , Kumar BVNR Siva ,   Associate Professor, Electronics and Communication Engineering, Lakireddy Bali Reddy College of Engineering, Mylavaram, INDIA.
Published: August 2019

IoT (Internet of Things) made headway from Machine to Machine communication without human intrusion for number of machines to connect with the aid of network. There is esteem; by 2020 there will be 26 times more connected things than people. Hence, the concern of security rises along with the high installments. The BlockChain Technology takes place of all central entities, which is peer to peer communication with the distributed network. In this paper, two Arduino boards as nodes and a Raspberry Pi as server are to be configured to connect to the Wi-Fi using ESP8266(node mc). To make data transmission from the two nodes to server, integration of temperature and humidity sensor in one node and RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) reader in other node is to be done. Data should be in the form of blocks and integration of data is in the form of a chain, forming it a Blockchain. All the blocks are linked in the chain manner of which the current hash of the previous block must match with the previous hash of the next block. Then only the blocks of data are secured. While receiving data every time from nodes to server, the previous hash is to be checked such that the arrival of the information is being verified to know if it’s really genuine. If the cryptographic hash does not match then data manipulation is happened. So, in this paper, we will see, along with how practically the security is highly offered by the blockchain technology and how can we easily identify if the data has been tampered along the way it reaches to us. Henceforth, we will found a way of application to secure our IoT data without any regrets in this paper.
An Energy Efficient Enhanced Hybrid Routing Protocol for MANET utilizing Artificial Bee Colony
Authors:   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chitkara University, Punjab, India., Vandana  , Kaur Navdeep ,   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shri Guru Granth World University, Punjab, India
Published: August 2019

Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a self-organized wireless network with no central control station or no rigid infrastructure. The main objective of the ad hoc network is that the nodes move arbitrarily that needs the routing protocols to rapidly counter the change of network topology. Limited energy resource availability is the core issue in MANET. For energy efficiency enhancement, this research has acquainted a hybrid routing algorithm which is an amalgamation of Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV) and Temporally-Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA) routing protocols for the route discovery process using Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH). Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm has been used for the optimization if some sort of distortion occurs within the network. The simulation has been executed in MATLAB simulation tool using QoS parameters, such as throughput, energy consumption, PDR and delay. Comparative analysis has been done to portray the proposed work effectiveness.
公路工程软土路基施工技术探讨
Authors: 王 颖
Published: August 2019

随着中国市场经济的快速发展，人们的生活水平得到了大幅度的提升，交通技术的进步推动中国各个地区之间的联系愈发的紧密，也使得各地之间的来往越来越频繁。随着中国公路建设技术的不断发展，在进行公路建设的过程中，软体路基是一种十分常见的施工问题。施工问题会对中国公路的质量造成十分巨大的影响，这也使得相关的施工部门应该积极寻求解决问题的办法，进而解决中国公路施工的过程中存在的问题。
Design, synthesis and docking study of acyl thiourea derivatives as possible histone deacetylase inhibitors with a novel zinc binding group
Authors: Al-Amily Duraid H , Mohammed Mohammed H
Published: August 2019

Histone deacetylase inhibitors with zinc binding groups often exhibit drawbacks like non-selectivity or toxic effects. Thus, there are continuous efforts to modify the currently available inhibitors or to discover new derivatives to overcome these problems. One approach is to synthesize new compounds with novel zinc binding groups.

The present study describes the utilization of acyl thiourea functionality, known to possess the ability to complex with metals, to be a novel zinc binding group incorporated into the designed histone deacetylase inhibitors. N-adipoyl monoanilide thiourea (4) and N-pimeloyl monoanilide thiourea (5) have been synthesized and characterized successfully. They showed good cytotoxicity against cancer cells with low cytotoxicity against normal cells. Their binding mode to the active site of histone deacetylases have been studied by docking study.
Two Terrestrial Planet Families with Different Origins
Authors: Swain Mark R. , Estrela Raissa , Sotin Christophe , Roudier Gael M. , Zellem Robert T.
Published: August 2019

The potentially important role of stellar irradiation in envelope removal for planets with diameters of ⪅2 R
⊕ has been inferred both through theoretical work and the observed bimodal distribution of small planet occurrence as a function of radius. We examined the trends for small planets in the three-dimensional radius–insolation–density space and found that the terrestrial planets divide into two distinct families based on insolation. The lower insolation family merges with terrestrial planets and small bodies in the solar system and is thus Earth-like. The higher insolation terrestrial planet family forms a bulk-density continuum with the sub-Neptunes, and is thus likely to be composed of remnant cores produced by photoevaporation. Based on the density–radius relationships, we suggest that both terrestrial families show evidence of density enhancement through collisions. Our findings highlight the important role that both photoevaporation and collisions have in determining the density of small planets.
Cosmological Simulations of Satellites around Isolated Dwarf Galaxies
Authors: Chun Kyungwon , Shin Jihye , Smith Rory , Kim Sungsoo S.
Published: August 2019

We trace the cosmological origin of satellites around a dwarf galaxy using a very high-resolution (12 pc/h) cosmological hydrodynamic zoom simulation. To realistically describe the formation and evolution of small-mass stellar satellites, our model includes a full baryonic physics treatment including a recipe for UV self-shielding. We find that the majority of their star-forming gas is accreted after reionization, thus the survival of a mini-halo gas to reionization is not an important factor. Instead, the key factor seems to be the ability for a mini-halo to cool its recently accreted gas, which is more efficient in more massive halos. We find that halos in denser environments suffer more mergers, enabling them to grow their mass such that cooling of accreted gas can occur efficiently. Although the host galaxy is only a dwarf galaxy itself, we find that ram pressure is an efficient means by which accreted mini-halos lose their gas content, both by interacting with hot halo gas but also in direct collisions with the gas disk of the host. The satellites are also disrupted by the tidal forces near the center of the host galaxy. In summary, our results suggest that the characteristics of satellites are mainly determined by their ability to efficiently cool gas that is accreted in the redshift range of z = 3–5, prior to their infall into the host galaxy.
Tidal Disruption Events in Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Chan Chi-Ho , Piran Tsvi , Krolik Julian H. , Saban Dekel
Published: August 2019

A fraction of tidal disruption events (TDEs) occur in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) whose black holes possess accretion disks; these TDEs can be confused with common AGN flares. The disruption itself is unaffected by the disk, but the evolution of the bound debris stream is modified by its collision with the disk when it returns to pericenter. The outcome of the collision is largely determined by the ratio of the stream mass current to the azimuthal mass current of the disk rotating underneath the stream footprint, which in turns depends on the mass and luminosity of the AGN. To characterize TDEs in AGNs, we simulated a suite of stream–disk collisions with various mass current ratios. The collision excites shocks in the disk, leading to inflow and energy dissipation orders of magnitude above Eddington; however, much of the radiation is trapped in the inflow and advected into the black hole, so the actual bolometric luminosity may be closer to Eddington. The emergent spectrum may not be thermal, TDE-like, or AGN-like. The rapid inflow causes the disk interior to the impact point to be depleted within a fraction of the mass return time. If the stream is heavy enough to penetrate the disk, part of the outgoing material eventually hits the disk again, dissipating its kinetic energy in the second collision; another part becomes unbound, emitting synchrotron radiation as it shocks with surrounding gas.
A Longitudinally Asymmetrical Kink Oscillation of Coronal Loop Caused by a Diagonally Placed Flare below the Loop System
Authors: Li Hongbo , Feng Hengqiang , Liu Yu , Tian Zhanjun , Huang Jin , Miao Yuhu
Published: August 2019

Although fast kink oscillations of coronal loops have been extensively studied for decades, details about their excitation, evolution, and damping remain elusive. Here, we present, for the first time, a longitudinally asymmetrical fast kink oscillation of a coronal loop that is excited by a GOES C-class flare located diagonally below the loop system. In this case, a damping-like phase and a growing-like phase are successively observed after the flare in different loop segments that are far from and close to the flare site, respectively. The investigation provides us with a new and valuable clue for the widely observed distinct deviations of fast kink oscillations from the sinusoidal pattern, especially for the local damping-like or growing-like phases associated with diagonally placed excitation sources, by illuminating a probable effect of the diagonally placed excitation source.
Joint X-Ray, EUV, and UV Observations of a Small Microflare
Authors: Hannah Iain G. , Kleint Lucia , Krucker Säm , Grefenstette Brian W. , Glesener Lindsay , Hudson Hugh S. , White Stephen M. , Smith David M.
Published: August 2019

We present the first joint observation of a small microflare in X-rays with the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope ARray (NuSTAR), in UV with the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS), and in EUV with the Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (SDO/AIA). These combined observations allow us to study the hot coronal and cooler chromospheric/transition region emission from the microflare. This small microflare peaks from 2016 July 26 23:35 to 23:36 UT, in both NuSTAR, SDO/AIA, and IRIS. Spatially, this corresponds to a small loop visible in the SDO/AIA Fe xviii emission, which matches a similar structure lower in the solar atmosphere seen by IRIS in SJI1330 and 1400 Å. The NuSTAR emission in both 2.5–4 and 4–6 keV is located in a source at this loop location. The IRIS slit was over the microflaring loop, and fits show little change in Mg ii but do show intensity increases, slight width enhancements, and redshifts in Si iv and O iv, indicating that this microflare had most significance in and above the upper chromosphere. The NuSTAR microflare spectrum is well fitted by a thermal component of 5.1 MK and 6.2 × 1044 cm−3, which corresponds to a thermal energy of 1.5 × 1026 erg, making it considerably smaller than previously studied active region microflares. No non-thermal emission was detected but this could be due to the limited effective exposure time of the observation. This observation shows that even ordinary features seen in UV can remarkably have a higher-energy component that is clear in X-rays.
New Constraints on the Dust and Gas Distribution in the LkCa 15 Disk from ALMA
Authors: Jin Sheng , Isella Andrea , Huang Pinghui , Li Shengtai , Li Hui , Ji Jianghui
Published: August 2019

We search a large parameter space of the LkCa 15's disk density profile to fit its observed radial intensity profile of 12CO (J = 3–2) obtained from Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. The best-fit model within the parameter space has a disk mass of 0.1 M
⊙ (using an abundance ratio of 12CO/H2 = 1.4 × 10−4 in mass), an inner cavity of 45 au in radius, an outer edge at ∼600 au, and a disk surface density profile that follows a power law of the form ρ

r
 ∝ r
−4. For the disk density profiles that can lead to a small reduced χ
2 of the goodness-of-fit, we find that there is a clear linear correlation between the disk mass and the power-law index, γ, in the equation of the disk density profile. This suggests that the 12CO disk of LkCa 15 is optically thick, and we can fit its 12CO radial intensity profile using either a lower disk mass with a smaller γ or a higher disk mass with a bigger γ. By comparing the 12CO channel maps of the best-fit model with disk models with higher or lower masses, we find that a disk mass of ∼0.1 M
⊙ can best reproduce the observed morphology of the 12CO channel maps. The dust continuum map at 0.87 mm of the LkCa 15 disk shows an inner cavity of the similar size of the best-fit gas model, but its outer edge is at ∼200 au, which is much smaller than the fitted gas disk. Such a discrepancy between the outer edges of the gas and dust disks is consistent with dust drifting and trapping models.
Study of High-temperature Emission in Solar Active Regions
Authors: Asgari-Targhi M. , Ballegooijen A. A. van , Davey A. R.
Published: August 2019

The high-temperature (T > 4 MK) emissions of nonflaring active regions are investigated in the context of the coronal heating problem. We study the role of emerging flux, nonpotential magnetic fields, and sunspots in the heating of active-region loops. Using extreme ultraviolet images from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on the Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO), we construct intensity maps in Fe xviii 94 Å for 48 active regions. We also use the corresponding magnetograms from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on SDO to measure the total magnetic flux. The Fe xviii 94 Å emission intensity of the brightest loops is found to be correlated with the presence of sunspots and emerging or canceling magnetic flux in the photosphere below. We conclude that sunspots and emerging flux play an important role in the process of coronal heating and the production of high-temperature plasmas. We suggest that energy may be injected into the corona as a result of the dynamics of magnetic fields associated with sunspots and/or emerging flux. These processes may cause the large magnetic disturbances (δB
⊥ ∼ 10 G) needed to produce strong nanoflare-heating events.
Narrow Absorption Lines Complex. III. Gradual Transition from Type S to Type N Broad Absorption Line
Authors: Lu 陆伟 Wei-Jian 坚 , Lin 林樱 Ying-Ru 如
Published: August 2019

We study the relationship between the broad absorption lines (BALs) that can be decomposed into multiple narrow absorption lines and those that cannot (hereafter Type N and Type S BAL, respectively), based on the analysis of three BAL systems (systems A, B, and C) in two-epoch spectra of quasar SDSS J113009.40+495247.9 (hereafter J1130+4952). As the velocity decreases (from systems A to C), these three BAL systems show a gradual transition from Type S to Type N BAL, and their equivalent widths (EWs) and profile shapes vary in a regular way. We ascribe the absorption line variability in J1130+4952 to the ionization change as a response to the fluctuation of the ionizing continuum based on several factors: (1) coordinated EW strengthening over a wide range in systems A and B, (2) the system B shows an obvious change in Si iv but no significant change in C iv BAL, and (3) asynchronized variability between the continuum and absorption lines. Based on the analysis of the variation mechanism, location, ionization state, and structure of systems A, B, and C, we hold the view that the Type S and Type N BALs in J1130+4952 probe the same clumped outflow, with the Type S BALs originating from the inner part of the outflow with a relatively higher ionization state, smaller column density, and more clumpy structures, while the Type N BALs originate from the outer part of the outflow with relatively lower ionization state, larger column density, and fewer clumpy structures.
Solar Models with Convective Overshoot, Solar-wind Mass Loss, and PMS Disk Accretion: Helioseismic Quantities, Li Depletion, and Neutrino Fluxes
Authors: Zhang Qian-Sheng , Li Yan , Christensen-Dalsgaard Jørgen
Published: August 2019

Helioseismic observations have revealed many properties of the Sun: the depth and helium abundance of the convection zone, the sound speed, and the density profiles in the solar interior. Those constraints have been used to judge the stellar evolution theory. With the old solar composition (e.g., GS98), the solar standard model is in reasonable agreement with the helioseismic constraints. However, a solar model with a revised composition (e.g., AGSS09) with a low abundance Z of heavy elements cannot be consistent with those constraints. This is the so-called “solar abundance problem,” standing for more than 10 yr even with the recent upward revised Ne abundance. Many mechanisms have been proposed to mitigate the problem. However, there is still no low-Z solar model satisfying all helioseismic constraints. In this paper, we report a possible solution to the solar abundance problem. With some extra physical processes that are not included in the standard model, solar models can be significantly improved. Our new solar models with convective overshoot, the solar wind, and early mass accretion show consistency with helioseismic constraints, the solar Li abundance, and observations of solar neutrino fluxes.
Multiple Components of the Jhelum Stellar Stream
Authors: Bonaca Ana , Conroy Charlie , Price-Whelan Adrian M. , Hogg David W.
Published: August 2019

In simple models of the Milky Way, tidally disrupting satellites produce long and thin—nearly one-dimensional—stellar streams. Using astrometric data from the Gaia second data release and photometry from the Dark Energy Survey, we demonstrate that the Jhelum stream, a stellar stream in the inner halo, is a two-dimensional structure. The spatial distribution of highly probable Jhelum members reveals a dense thin component and an associated diffuse, spatially offset component. These two spatial components have indistinguishable proper motions (at σ ∼ 1 mas yr−1 level) and a similar ratio of blue straggler to blue horizontal branch stars, which indicates a common origin for the two components. The best-fit orbit to the narrow component (pericenter 8 kpc, apocenter 24 kpc), however, does not explain the wide component of the Jhelum stream. On the other hand, an older orbital wrap of Jhelum’s orbit traces the Indus stream, indicating a possible connection between these two structures and additional complexity in Jhelum’s formation. Substructure in the Jhelum progenitor or precession of its tidal debris in the Milky Way potential may explain the observed structure of Jhelum. Future spectroscopic data will enable discrimination between these “nature” and “nurture” formation scenarios. Jhelum adds to the growing list of cold stellar streams that display complex morphologies and promise to reveal the dynamical history of the Milky Way.
The MOSDEF Survey: Sulfur Emission-line Ratios Provide New Insights into Evolving Interstellar Medium Conditions at High Redshift∗
Authors: Shapley Alice E. , Sanders Ryan L. , Shao Peng , Reddy Naveen A. , Kriek Mariska , Coil Alison L. , Mobasher Bahram , Siana Brian , Shivaei Irene , Freeman William R. , Azadi Mojegan , Price Sedona H. , Leung Gene C. K. , Fetherolf Tara , Groot Laura de , Zick Tom , Fornasini Francesca M. , Barro Guillermo
Published: August 2019

We present results on the emission-line properties of 1.3 ≤ z ≤ 2.7 galaxies drawn from the complete the MOSFIRE Deep Evolution Field (MOSDEF) survey. Specifically, we use observations of the emission-line diagnostic diagram of [O iii]λ 5007/Hβ versus [S ii]λλ6717,6731/Hα, i.e., the “[S ii] BPT diagram,” to gain insight into the physical properties of high-redshift star-forming regions. High-redshift MOSDEF galaxies are offset toward lower [S ii]λλ6717,6731/Hα at fixed [O iii]λ5007/Hβ, relative to local galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Furthermore, at fixed [O iii]λ5007/Hβ, local SDSS galaxies follow a trend of decreasing [S ii]λλ6717,6731/Hα as the surface density of star formation (ΣSFR) increases. We explain this trend in terms of the decreasing fractional contribution from diffuse ionized gas (f
DIG) as ΣSFR increases in galaxies, which causes galaxy-integrated line ratios to shift toward the locus of pure H ii-region emission. The z ∼ 0 relationship between f
DIG and ΣSFR implies that high-redshift galaxies have lower f
DIG values than typical local systems, given their significantly higher typical ΣSFR. When an appropriate low-redshift benchmark with zero or minimal f
DIG is used, high-redshift MOSDEF galaxies appear offset toward higher [S ii]λλ6717,6731/Hα and/or [O iii]λ 5007/Hβ. The joint shifts of high-redshift galaxies in the [S ii] and [N ii] BPT diagrams are best explained in terms of the harder spectra ionizing their star-forming regions at fixed nebular oxygen abundance (expected for chemically young galaxies), as opposed to large variations in N/O ratios or higher ionization parameters. The evolving mixture of H ii regions and diffuse ionized gas is an essential ingredient of our description of the interstellar medium over cosmic time.
Type I Outbursts in Low-eccentricity Be/X-Ray Binaries
Authors: Franchini Alessia , Martin Rebecca G.
Published: August 2019

Type I outbursts in Be/X-ray binaries are usually associated with the eccentricity of the binary orbit. The neutron star accretes gas from the outer parts of the decretion disk around the Be star at each periastron passage. However, this mechanism cannot explain type I outbursts that have been observed in nearly circular orbit Be/X-ray binaries. With hydrodynamical simulations and analytic estimates we find that in a circular orbit binary, a nearly coplanar disk around the Be star can become eccentric. The extreme mass ratio of the binary leads to the presence of the 3:1 Lindblad resonance inside the Be star disk and this drives eccentricity growth. Therefore the neutron star can capture material each time it approaches the disk apastron, on a timescale up to a few percent longer than the orbital period. We have found a new application of this mechanism that is able to explain the observed type I outbursts in low-eccentricity Be/X-ray binaries.
Factors Influencing Health Promoting Behaviours in Women of Reproductive Age in Iran: Based on Pender’s Health Promotion Model
Authors: Shaahmadi Faramarz , Shojaeizadeh Davoud , Sadeghi Roya , Arefi Zohreh
Published: August 2019

INTRODUCTION: Health promotion behaviours are considered as preventives of non-communicable diseases and key determinants of maintaining and improving the health status.
AIM: This study aimed to investigate and identify effective factors on health-promoting behaviours based on Pender model in women of reproductive age from February to April 2017, in Savojbolagh, Iran.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study is conducted on 240 women aged between 15 to 49 years in Savojbolagh, Iran, in 2017. The questionnaire consisted of several items, including socio-demographic characteristics, health-promoting lifestyle profile-II (HPLP-II), self-efficacy, social support and constructs of Pender’s health promotion model. SPSS-18 software has been applied for statistical analysis.
RESULTS: The mean age of the women was 31.10 ± 7.29 years. Total HPLP-II score was 106.64 ± 11.93. The highest and the lowest mean in the subscales were belonged to nutrition and physical activity, respectively. According to the bivariate analysis, the total HPLP-II score is significantly related to prior health-related behaviour (p = 0.000). There was a statistically significant relationship between stress management and the variables including perceived benefits, perceived barriers, prior health-related behaviour, situational influences, commitment to a plan of action (p < 0.05). Also, health responsibility had a statistically significant relationship with self-efficacy (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: According to our results, it can be inferred that there is a problem with the HPBs of women. Considering that health-promoting behaviours like physical activity had a low score, it is a necessity to plan and perform interventions for improving health promotion behaviours.
Effect of a Self-Etch Adhesive Containing Nanobioglass on Postoperative Sensitivity of Posterior Composite Restorations - A Randomized Trial
Authors: Aboelenein Ahmed Zakaria , Riad Mona Ismail , Haridy Mohammed Fouad
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND: Postoperative sensitivity is one of the major problems regarding posterior resin composite restorations that causes patient discomfort, maybe a reason for replacement of the restoration with an additional office time.
AIM: To evaluate the effect of the addition of a Nanobioglass to a self-etch adhesive on the reduction of post-operative sensitivity following composite restorations versus a self-etch adhesive that is free of Nanobioglass agent.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen patients having class II carious lesions were included in the study. After cavity preparation, each tooth was randomised to one of the following restorative treatments. Teeth in the control group were restored using self-etch adhesive (OptiBond All-In-One, Kerr) that is free of nanobioglass agent, and nano-hybrid resin composite (Herculite Ultra, Kerr). Restoration of teeth in the experimental group was similar to the control except that a nanobioglass agent was added to the self-etch adhesive. Patients were contacted for evaluation of postoperative sensitivity at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. Data were analyzed using friedmann test followed by fisher exact test.
RESULTS: The experimental group (self-etch adhesive containing nanobioglass) showed a significantly less postoperative sensitivity compared with the control group (Self-etch adhesive free of nanobioglass) at 1 day, and 1-week evaluation periods. While both groups did not possess any significant difference at 1 month, and 3 months periods.
CONCLUSION: The problem of postoperative sensitivity following resin composite restorations could be solved by the addition of bioglass nanoparticles into dental adhesives.
Le terrorisme comme objet géographique : un état des lieux
Authors: Dory Daniel
Published: August 2019

Après avoir proposé une solution opérationnelle au problème de la définition du terrorisme, cet article s’attache à montrer les aspects qui en font un objet géographique. Pour ce faire, sont successivement passés en revue : la distribution spatiale et la localisation des actes et des acteurs terroristes ; les territoires du terrorisme (États, « zones grises », « trous noirs », sanctuaires et villes) ; les représentations polémiques et cartographiques de l’ennemi et du risque terroriste ; ainsi que les « lieux de mémoire » qui inscrivent la trace des attentats dans des paysages, le plus souvent urbains. Basé sur une abondante bibliographie représentative des avancées actuelles de la recherche, cet article vise, enfin, à proposer un cadre permettant d’organiser les matériaux disponibles dans un champ cohérent d’investigation, permettant l’émergence d’une démarche cohérente d’accumulation des connaissances et de formulation d’hypothèses à valider empiriquement.
Violences sportives, violences politiques
Authors: Trégourès Loïc
Published: August 2019

Par leur capacité de mobilisation et leur propension à se positionner sur des sujets politiques, les groupes de supporters peuvent être considérés comme des acteurs politiques de premier plan en Croatie et en Serbie. Pour autant, indépendamment des chants et banderoles à caractère politique, il s’agira ici de se focaliser sur l’utilisation de la violence physique comme un répertoire d’action politique en dehors du stade contre des biens ou des personnes spécifiquement ciblés. Ainsi, nous chercherons à rendre intelligibles ces mobilisations en les liant aussi bien aux trajectoires différenciées de la Serbie et de la Croatie depuis la guerre qu’aux relations entretenues entre les acteurs des tribunes et certains acteurs politiques.
Réduire les pertes de récolte en Inde grâce aux plateformes coopératives et à la capacitation des communautés
Authors: Mishra Chaudhury Shripati , Tigga Seema , Sahu Malay Kumar
Published: August 2019

En Inde, dans les zones enclavées, les pertes de récoltes peuvent parfois annuler les effets d’une hausse de la production agricole et affecter la sécurité alimentaire des populations. L’étude de la chaîne de valeur des produits agricoles dans la région tribale de Koraput a permis d’évaluer les pertes de récoltes et le gaspillage des principaux fruits, légumes et céréales cultivés. À partir des résultats de cette enquête de terrain, des agronomes sont intervenus sur place et une action coopérative intégrant tous les foyers concernés a vu le jour, soutenue par la formation de cinq cercles agricoles et de dix groupes de solidarité. La promotion de l’action collective, le renforcement des institutions communautaires et la capacitation (empowerment) des parties prenantes ont contribué à réduire les pertes alimentaires dans des proportions significatives : 45,15 % pour les céréales, 24,03 % pour les légumes et 18,75 % pour les fruits
Les mutuelles de santé face à la réglementation européenne : une banalisation de l’identité mutualiste ?
Authors: Boned Olivier , Guerry Romain , Pierron Luc
Published: August 2019

Que ce soit au travers des régimes de sécurité sociale ou de façon plus informelle, l’histoire montre que les mutuelles de santé ont toujours pris part de façon active à l’organisation de la couverture de la population, forgeant un esprit et une identité caractérisés par des valeurs de solidarité, de démocratie et de non-lucrativité. Cependant, cette consécration des mutuelles au niveau national n’a pu résister à la pression du droit européen de la concurrence, qui tend à en faire des entreprises comme les autres. L’identité mutualiste se voit alors renvoyée à une forme d’organisation et à un certain type de missions. Cet article montre comment la redéfinition de la non-lucrativité en droit européen pourrait permettre de restaurer l’esprit mutualiste et une identité fondée sur ses valeurs historiques.
Faire vivre une ONG au Niger, entre précarité des ressources financières et instabilité des ressources humaines
Authors: Lavigne Delville Philippe
Published: August 2019

Au Niger, le nombre d’ONG a connu une croissance spectaculaire depuis les années 1990. Mais peu d’entre elles ont consolidé une organisation et un savoir-faire. La plupart vivotent ou enchaînent des hauts et des bas. À partir d’entretiens approfondis avec des responsables de ces structures, cet article montre que, malgré les discours soutenant le rôle des ONG nationales dans le développement et l’évolution des flux d’aide en leur faveur, les associations nigériennes, situées en bas de la chaîne de l’aide, sont soumises à une double précarité : financière et en termes de ressources humaines, qui explique en partie leurs difficultés récurrentes d’institutionnalisation. L’article apporte ainsi un éclairage sur le développement d’un secteur de l’économie sociale dans un contexte de crise de l’emploi et de bureaucratisation de l’aide internationale, sur fond de politiques néolibérales.
Esquisse d’une histoire démocratique de l’économie sociale et solidaire en France
Authors: Duverger Timothée
Published: August 2019

La gouvernance démocratique est l’un des trois piliers constitutifs de l’économie sociale et solidaire, avec la limitation de la lucrativité et l’utilité sociale. Elle renvoie surtout à des règles, à des instruments ou à des pratiques à un niveau micro-socioéconomique, mais elle doit aussi être analysée dans une perspective néo-institutionnaliste, afin d’élargir la focale aux réarrangements institutionnels entre l’État, le marché et la société civile, ayant un impact sur elle. Cet article propose une relecture historique des transformations institutionnelles de l’ESS sur la longue durée, en explorant deux tensions : l’une entre la loi et le contrat, l’autre entre l’économie et la société. Il en dégage les « moments critiques » et identifie cinq cycles à partir des métamorphoses de la démocratie.
L’usage du numérique, facilitateur de la gouvernance ?
Authors: Duvaleix-Tréguer Sabine , Ledos Françoise , Lepetit Guillaume
Published: August 2019

Avec l’accroissement de la taille des coopératives agricoles, la proximité avec les associés coopérateurs et la capacité de ces derniers à peser sur les décisions sont fréquemment remises en cause. Grâce à un travail original de recherche-action impliquant de jeunes agriculteurs et des étudiants, les auteurs montrent que la nouvelle génération considère les outils numériques comme des solutions pouvant fluidifier les échanges et favoriser l’implication des coopérateurs dans les décisions. Différents outils sont envisagés et des indications sont données quant à leur pertinence du point de vue du coopérateur. En interrogeant la relation coopérateur-coopérative, cette étude met ainsi en lumière le souhait des jeunes agriculteurs de trouver les moyens de favoriser les échanges entre adhérents aux préoccupations et pratiques communes.
Géographie économique de l’économie sociale : une cartographique contemporaine des modèles du xix e siècle
Authors: Le Corroller Cécile
Published: August 2019

L’ancrage territorial est constitutif de la définition même de l’économie sociale et solidaire (ESS). Des modèles apparaissent ou se renforcent au XIX e  siècle, concomitamment à la révolution industrielle. En France, quatre modèles se sont construits, corrélés à quatre visions du territoire : l’économie de la réparation, fondée sur la notion d’espace vécu ; l’économie de la résistance, en référence à l’idée de développement local ; l’économie de la nécessité, en lien avec le concept de territoire-ressource ; et enfin l’économie identitaire, reposant sur la spécialisation régionale. La permanence de ces modèles est interrogée par le biais d’une étude cartographique, qui révèle que seul le premier (l’économie de la réparation) n’a pas perduré dans le temps.