bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Local Noether theorem for quantum lattice systems and topological invariants of gapped states
Authors: Kapustin Anton , Sopenko Nikita
Published: September 2022

We study generalizations of the Berry phase for quantum lattice systems in arbitrary dimensions. For a smooth family of gapped ground states in d dimensions, we define a closed d + 2-form on the parameter space, which generalizes the curvature of the Berry connection. Its cohomology class is a topological invariant of the family. When the family is equivariant under the action of a compact Lie group G, topological invariants take values in the equivariant cohomology of the parameter space. These invariants unify and generalize the Hall conductance and the Thouless pump. A key role in these constructions is played by a certain differential graded Fréchet–Lie algebra attached to any quantum lattice system. As a by-product, we describe ambiguities in charge densities and conserved currents for arbitrary lattice systems with rapidly decaying interactions.
Simplicial epidemic model with birth and death
Authors: Leng Hui , Zhao Yi , Luo Jianfeng , Ye Yong
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we propose a simplicial susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) epidemic model with birth and death to describe epidemic spreading based on group interactions, accompanying with birth and death. The site-based evolutions are formulated by the quenched mean-field probability equations for each site, which is a high-dimensional differential system. To facilitate a theoretical analysis of the influence of system parameters on dynamics, we adopt the mean-field method for our model to reduce the dimension. As a consequence, it suggests that birth and death rates influence the existence and stability of equilibria, as well as the appearance of a bistable state (the coexistence of the stable disease-free and endemic states), which is then confirmed by extensive simulations on empirical and synthetic networks. Furthermore, we find that another type of the bistable state in which a stable periodic outbreak state coexists with a steady disease-free state also emerges when birth and death rates and other parameters satisfy the certain conditions. Finally, we illustrate how the birth and death rates shift the density of infected nodes in the stationary state and the outbreak threshold, which is also verified by sensitivity analysis for the proposed model.
Perturbative renormalization of ϕ44 theory on the half space R+×R3 with flow equations
Authors: Borji Majdouline , Kopper Christoph
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we give a rigorous proof of the renormalizability of the massive ϕ44 theory on a half-space using renormalization group flow equations. We find that five counterterms are needed to make the theory finite, namely, ϕ2, ϕ∂zϕ, ϕ∂z2ϕ, ϕΔxϕ, and ϕ4 for (z,x)∈R+×R3. The amputated correlation functions are distributions in position space. We consider a suitable class of test functions and prove inductive bounds for the correlation functions folded with these test functions. The bounds are uniform in the cutoff and, thus, directly lead to renormalizability.
Caputo–Hadamard fractional differential equations on time scales: Numerical scheme, asymptotic stability, and chaos
Authors: Wu Guo-Cheng , Song Ting-Ting , Wang Shuqiang
Published: September 2022

This study investigates Caputo–Hadamard fractional differential equations on time scales. The Hadamard fractional sum and difference are defined for the first time. A general logarithm function on time scales is used as a kernel function. New fractional difference equations and their equivalent fractional sum equations are presented by the use of fundamental theorems. Gronwall inequality, asymptotical stability conditions, and two discrete-time Mittag–Leffler functions of Hadamard type are obtained. Numerical schemes are provided and chaos in fractional discrete-time logistic equation and neural network equations are reported.
Development and validation of a new cloud simulation experiment for lab-based aerosol–cloud studies
Authors: Vogel F. , Lacher L. , Nadolny J. , Saathoff H. , Leisner T. , Möhler O.
Published: September 2022

The Aerosol Interaction and Dynamics in the Atmosphere (AIDA) cloud expansion chamber with a volume of 84 m3 was extended for the small cloud expansion chamber AIDA mini (AIDAm) with a volume of 20 L. AIDAm is located in the cold room of AIDA and can perform automated ice-nucleation measurements over longer time periods of hours to days. AIDAm samples from the AIDA chamber, which acts as a reservoir of atmospheric aerosol types, which can slowly be modified by physical or chemical processes similar to those occurring in the atmosphere. AIDAm was validated for accurate ice-nucleation temperature control by measuring homogeneous freezing of pure water droplets at temperatures around −34 °C and for immersion freezing induced by dust aerosol particles in the temperature range between −20 and −30 °C. Further validation experiments at cirrus cloud temperatures of −45 °C revealed that AIDAm can distinguish between heterogeneous ice formation on mineral dust aerosols and homogeneous freezing of sulfuric acid solution particles. The contribution of homogeneous and heterogeneous ice formation processes to the ice-nucleation activity of coated dust particles was investigated in a 7 h long experiment, where solid dust particles were slowly coated with sulfuric acid. The continuous AIDAm measurements with a time resolution of 6 min showed a substantial suppression of the heterogeneous freezing phenomenon and an increasing role of homogeneous freezing while the coating amount was slowly increased. This experiment proved the capability of AIDAm to sensitively detect small changes in the ice-nucleation ability of aerosols, which undergo slow processing like chemical surface coating.
High-frequency oscillations in the ripple bands and amplitude information coding: Toward a biomarker of maximum entropy in the preictal signals
Authors: Granado Mauro , Collavini Santiago , Baravalle Roman , Martinez Nataniel , Montemurro Marcelo A. , Rosso Osvaldo A. , Montani Fernando
Published: September 2022

Intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) can directly record local field potentials (LFPs) from a large set of neurons in the vicinity of the electrode. To search for possible epileptic biomarkers and to determine the epileptogenic zone that gives rise to seizures, we investigated the dynamics of basal and preictal signals. For this purpose, we explored the dynamics of the recorded time series for different frequency bands considering high-frequency oscillations (HFO) up to 240 Hz. We apply a Hilbert transform to study the amplitude and phase of the signals. The dynamics of the different frequency bands in the time causal entropy-complexity plane, H×C, is characterized by comparing the dynamical evolution of the basal and preictal time series. As the preictal states evolve closer to the time in which the epileptic seizure starts, the, H×C, dynamics changes for the higher frequency bands. The complexity evolves to very low values and the entropy becomes nearer to its maximal value. These quasi-stable states converge to equiprobable states when the entropy is maximal, and the complexity is zero. We could, therefore, speculate that in this case, it corresponds to the minimization of Gibbs free energy. In this case, the maximum entropy is equivalent to the principle of minimum consumption of resources in the system. We can interpret this as the nature of the system evolving temporally in the preictal state in such a way that the consumption of resources by the system is minimal for the amplitude in frequencies between 220–230 and 230–240 Hz.
Use of a Mylar filter to eliminate vacuum ultraviolet pulse pileup in low-energy x-ray measurements
Authors: Galea C. A. , Swanson C. P. S. , Cohen S. A. , Thomas S. J.
Published: September 2022

We describe a method to reduce vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) pulse pileup (PPU) in x-ray pulse-height Silicon Drift Detector (SDD) signals. An Amptek FAST SDD, with C1 (Si3N4) window, measures bremsstrahlung emitted from PFRC-2 plasma to extract the electron temperature (Te) and density (ne). The C1 window has low transmissivity for photons with energy below 200 eV though will transmit some VUV and soft x-ray photons, which PFRC-2 plasmas abundantly emit. Multi-VUV-photon PPU contaminates the interpretation of x rays with energy > 100 eV, particularly in a low-energy exponential tail. The predicted low transmissivity of ∼1 μm thick Mylar [polyethylene terephthalate (PET)] to photons of energy <100 eV led to the selection of Mylar as the candidate filter to reduce VUV PPU. Experiments were conducted on an x-ray tube with a graphite target and on a quasi-Maxwellian tenuous plasma (ne ∼ 109 cm−3) with effective temperatures reaching 1500 eV. A Mylar filter thickness of 850 nm is consistent with the results. The Mylar-filter-equipped SDD was then used on the PFRC-2 plasma, showing a substantial reduction in the low-energy x-ray signal, supporting our hypothesis of the importance of VUV PPU. We describe the modeling and experiments performed to characterize the effect of the Mylar filter on SDD measurements.
Dynamical response and vibrational resonance of a tri-stable energy harvester interfaced with a standard rectifier circuit
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Jin Yanfei , Xu Yong , Yue Xiaole
Published: September 2022

This paper investigates the dynamical response and vibrational resonance (VR) of a piecewise electromechanically coupled tri-stable energy harvester (TEH), which is driven by dual-frequency harmonic excitations. To achieve a stable DC output, the TEH is interfaced with a standard rectifier circuit. Using the harmonic balance method combined with the separation of fast and slow variables, a steady-state response together with the analytical expressions of displacement and harvested power is derived. The multi-solution feature in the amplitude–frequency response is observed and can improve the harvesting performance of the TEH under a low-frequency environment. There is an optimal time constant ratio and electromechanical coupled coefficient to maximize the harvested DC power. Meanwhile, the VR phenomenon of the TEH is explored through the response amplitude of the low-frequency input signal, which implies that an appropriate combination can induce the occurrence of VR and improve the rectified voltage. Similarly, the nonlinear stiffness coefficients can be adjusted by changing the magnet distance to induce the appearance of VR. The theoretical solutions are well supported by numerical simulation and experimental verification. Specifically, the theoretical analysis and experimental evidence illustrate that the harvested power under the VR effect is much higher than that without VR.
Low-power, high-performance, and small-footprint, single-pump optical parametric amplifier for photonic integrated circuits
Authors: Kumar Shatrughna , Sen Mrinal
Published: September 2022

A single-pump optical parametric amplifier (OPA) is modeled using a p-toluene sulfonate (PTS) filled silicon-based slotted photonic crystal waveguide (SPCW). The PTS-SPCW has CMOS-process compatibility and offers slow-light enhanced nonlinearity of PTS due to extreme optical confinement in SPCW. The adverse effects of two-photon absorption and free carrier absorption are absent in PTS in the standard optical communication window. The coupled nonlinear Schrödinger’s equations have been modified to analyze the OPA under slow-light propagation. Performances of the OPA are evaluated in both the high- and low- dispersive zones of the structure. The high dispersive zone exhibits high group indices to the operating waves, leading to a high parametric gain (≈31 dB) and high conversion efficiency (≈27 dB) utilizing a 350 μm long PTS-SPCW and a pump power of 65 mW. However, this zone degrades the shape of a ≤10 ps pulse due to self-phase and cross-phase modulation. On the other hand, in the low dispersive zone, a similar parametric gain and conversion efficiency (both ≈29 dB) are attained utilizing a 1250 μm long PTS-SPCW and a pump power of 150 mW. Nevertheless, this zone degrades a 5 ps pulse only after a distance of 1500 μm. The analyses show a 30 nm bandwidth considering a gain above 30 dB. Investigation of the effect of fabrication imperfections shows excellent performance sustainability of the OPA up to a random error of 40 nm. These remarkable performances make this low-powered, small-footprint OPA suitable for achieving tunable optical amplification in photonic integrated circuits.
Semi-metallic SrIrO3 films using solid-source metal-organic molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Choudhary Rashmi , Nair Sreejith , Yang Zhifei , Lee Dooyong , Jalan Bharat
Published: September 2022

Perovskite SrIrO3 films and its heterostructures are very promising, yet less researched, avenues to explore interesting physics originating from the interplay between strong spin–orbit coupling and electron correlations. Elemental iridium is a commonly used source for molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) synthesis of SrIrO3 films. However, elemental iridium is extremely difficult to oxidize and evaporate while maintaining an ultra-high vacuum and a long mean free path. Here, we calculated a thermodynamic phase diagram to highlight these synthesis challenges for phase-pure SrIrO3 and other iridium-based oxides. We addressed these challenges using a novel solid-source metal-organic MBE approach that rests on the idea of modifying the metal-source chemistry. Phase-pure, single-crystalline, coherent, epitaxial (001)pc SrIrO3 films on (001) SrTiO3 substrate were grown. Films demonstrated semi-metallic behavior, Kondo scattering, and weak antilocalization. Our synthesis approach has the potential to facilitate research involving iridate heterostructures by enabling their atomically precise syntheses.
Model-form uncertainty quantification of Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes modeling of flows over a SD7003 airfoil
Authors: Chu Minghan , Wu Xiaohua , Rival David E.
Published: September 2022

Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) models are known to be inaccurate in complex flows, for instance, laminar-turbulent transition, and RANS uncertainty quantification (UQ) is essential to estimate the uncertainty in their predictions. In this study, a recent physics-based UQ framework that introduces eigenvalue, eigenvector, and turbulence kinetic energy perturbations to the modeled Reynolds stress tensor has been used to estimate the uncertainty in the flow field. We introduce a regression-based marker function that focuses on the turbulence kinetic energy perturbation for the simulation of laminar-turbulent transitional flows over an Selig–Donovan 7003 airfoil. We observed a monotonic behavior of the magnitude of the predicted uncertainty bounds varying with the turbulence kinetic energy perturbation. Importantly, the predicted uncertainty bounds show a synergy behavior that dramatically increases the size of uncertainty bounds and can successfully encompass the reference data when the eigenvalue perturbations are augmented with the marker function.
Enhancing the lithium storage capability of TiO2 thin film for all-solid-state microbatteries via amorphous-crystalline heterostructure design
Authors: Chen Jiao , Xia Qiuying , Liu Wei , Xia Hui
Published: September 2022

TiO2 is regarded as a promising anode for all-solid-state thin film lithium-ion microbatteries due to its high temperature tolerance, good chemical stability, and desirable structural stability. However, its application in thin film batteries has been plagued by its low actual capacity and poor rate capability. Herein, a TiO2 thin film with a unique amorphous-crystalline heterostructure (AC-TO) is prepared by magnetron sputtering at room temperature. The heterostructure design of AC-TO not only takes advantage of faster Li+ diffusion of an amorphous phase and higher electric conductivity of a crystalline phase but also reaps the benefit of fast ion transport, fast electron transfer, and additional lithium storage at the hetero-interfaces, resulting in boosted lithium storage performance. When tested in all-solid-state thin film lithium batteries, the AC-TO based device exhibits an obviously higher reversible specific capacity (204 at 50 mA g−1) than the amorphous TiO2 based device (103 mAh g−1) and the crystalline anatase based device (147 mAh g−1), as well as good rate capability (73 at 1600 mA g−1) and excellent cycling stability (nearly no capacity loss after 400 cycles). This work provides an instructive structural regulation strategy for developing advanced thin-film electrodes for all-solid-state microbatteries.
Deposition of micro/macroscale water droplets on grooved hydrophobic surfaces
Authors: Kim Uijin , Kim Hyeongwon , Kim Jeong-Hyun
Published: September 2022

Hydrophobic surfaces containing groove structures are frequently found in nature. Understanding the contact line dynamics of water droplets on such surfaces is important for analyzing the droplet motion and utilizing it for directional droplet transport. Although the visualization technique has been significantly improved, less attention has been paid to the contact line dynamics of droplets on grooved hydrophobic surfaces. Here, we fabricated hydrophobic surfaces containing grooves using a facile laser technique and visualized the advancing and receding contact line dynamics on the surfaces through high-speed imaging. In addition, the geometry of the groove structure, the droplet volume, and the inclination angle of the surface were systematically varied, and their effects on the sizes and shapes of the residual droplets deposited on the groove structures because of the sliding droplet were studied. Minute and uniform water droplets were deposited on the grooved surfaces when the structures were perpendicular to the droplet's moving path. As the droplet volume, surface inclination angle, and solid fraction of the grooved surfaces increased, the sizes of the residual droplets deposited on the grooves increased. A simple dimensionless analysis indicated that the size of the residual droplet could be predicted using the parameters tested in this study.
Characterization of the in-focus droplets in shadowgraphy systems via deep learning-based image processing method
Authors: Wang Zhibo , He Feng , Zhang Haixiang , Hao Pengfei , Zhang Xiwen , Li Xiangru
Published: September 2022

It is important to accurately identify and measure in-focus droplets from shadowgraph droplet images that typically contain a large number of defocused droplets for the research of multiphase flow. However, conventional in-focus droplet identification methods are time-consuming and laborious due to the noise and background illumination in experimental data. In this paper, a deep learning-based method called focus-droplet generative adversarial network (FocGAN) is developed to automatically detect and characterize the focused droplets in shadow images. A generative adversarial network framework is adopted by our model to output binarized images containing only in-focus droplets, and inception blocks are used in the generator to enhance the extraction of multi-scale features. To emulate the real shadow images, an algorithm based on the Gauss blur method is developed to generate paired datasets to train the networks. The detailed architecture and performance of the model were investigated and evaluated by both the synthetic data and spray experimental data. The results show that the present learning-based method is far superior to the traditional adaptive threshold method in terms of effective extraction rate and accuracy. The comprehensive performance of FocGAN, including detection accuracy and robustness to noise, is higher than that of the model based on a convolutional neural network. Moreover, the identification results of spray images with different droplet number densities clearly exhibit the feasibility of FocGAN in real experiments. This work indicates that the proposed learning-based approach is promising to be widely applied as an efficient and universal tool for processing particle shadowgraph images.
A whole-of-health system approach to improving care of frail older persons
Authors: Whiting Elizabeth , Scott Ian A. , Hines Laureen , Ward Tamara , Burkett Ellen , Cranitch Erin , Mudge Alison , Reymond Elizabeth , Taylor Andrea , Hubbard Ruth E. ,   On behalf of the Frail Older Persons’ Collaborative Program
Published: September 2022

The population is aging, with frailty emerging as a significant risk factor for poor outcomes for older people who become acutely ill. We describe the development and implementation of the Frail Older Persons’ Collaborative Program, which aims to optimise the care of frail older adults across healthcare systems in Queensland. Priority areas were identified at a co-design workshop involving key stakeholders, including consumers, multidisciplinary clinicians, senior Queensland Health staff and representatives from community providers and residential aged care facilities. Locally developed, evidence-based interventions were selected by workshop participants for each priority area: a Residential Aged Care Facility acute care Support Service (RaSS); improved early identification and management of frail older persons presenting to hospital emergency departments (GEDI); optimisation of inpatient care (Eat Walk Engage); and enhancement of advance care planning. These interventions have been implemented across metropolitan and regional areas, and their impact is currently being evaluated through process measures and system-level outcomes. In this narrative paper, we conceptualise the healthcare organisation as a complex adaptive system to explain some of the difficulties in achieving change within a diverse and dynamic healthcare environment. The Frail Older Persons’ Collaborative Program demonstrates that translating research into practice and effecting change can occur rapidly and at scale if clinician commitment, high-level leadership, and adequate resources are forthcoming.
Mapping the maternal vaccination journey and influencing factors for Māori women in Aotearoa New Zealand: a qualitative study
Authors: Gauld Natalie , Martin Samuel (Ngā Puhi) , Sinclair Owen (Te Rarawa) , Dumble Felicity , Petousis-Harris Helen , Grant Cameron C.
Published: September 2022

Introduction Uptake of maternal vaccinations (MVs) is suboptimal in Aotearoa New Zealand, particularly for Māori. Aim To describe Māori women’s journeys regarding maternal pertussis and influenza vaccinations and explore influences on uptake. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted in Waikato, Aotearoa New Zealand, with pregnant or recently pregnant Māori women, and separately with Māori healthcare professionals (HCPs) to understand women’s decisions regarding MVs and enablers and barriers to uptake. Results Nine women and nine HCPs were interviewed. Verbal communications from midwives, general practice and pharmacy strongly influenced women’s journeys. Women’s decisions appeared largely straight-forward, with influences including awareness, knowledge, underlying beliefs and previous MVs. Enablers for MV uptake included HCPs’ discussions, pro-vaccination beliefs, and accessibility. Barriers for MV uptake included poverty (and transport), lack of awareness, insufficient knowledge of benefits, late presentation to the midwife and other commitments or challenges in the women’s lives affecting prioritisation of the vaccine. Misconceptions, seasonality, and lower HCP emphasis impaired influenza vaccination uptake. Discussion With multiple barriers to accessing MVs, HCPs who see pregnant women are the primary resource to improve awareness, knowledge, and access through kōrero (discussions) with the woman and, where possible, being able to administer the vaccinations. These HCPs need to be well-informed, aware of likely concerns women may have and how to address them, encourage these discussions and preferably be trusted.
What could be more fundamental?
Authors: Langacker Ronald W.
Published: September 2022

Contrast and analogy are viewed in the context of a much larger picture. They are traced back to an
essential feature of living organisms: their constant engagement in energy-driven activity responsible for maintenance
and growth. Structure and regularity inhere in the organization imposed by this “striving for control”. For sentient
creatures, this striving involves the fundamental capacity to compare experiences and detect any difference between
them. Contrast and analogy are aspects of comparison that figure in even minimal, low-level cases (like perceiving a
difference in pitch); contrast is just the registration of discrepancy, while analogy resides in the similarity
providing the basis for assessment. They are thus inherent in an abstract model of the striving for control and the
growth it engenders. This model offers a general characterization of their myriad linguistic manifestations, being
applicable to any kind of experience (perceptual, motor, mental, social) at any level of organization. Here I examine
the role of contrast and analogy in three broad aspects of language structure: paradigmatic relations, including
categorization and systemic organization; syntagmatic relations, i.e. the formation of complex expressions and
discourse sequences; and the conceptual structures these invoke, notably cases (like modals and negation) where the
striving for control is central to their content.
Diagrammatic iconicity and rendering time in a narrative text
Authors: Tabakowska Elżbieta
Published: September 2022

Like contrast and analogy, iconicity defined as correspondence of form and meaning stems from the ability
of human mind to observe similarity between entities. When similarity is perceived and considered with reference to
difference, it gives rise to analogy. In this sense, analogy and contrast can be seen as two sides of a single
“cognitive coin”. Both underlie iconicity (especially individual types of diagrammatic iconicity), which is a
significant property of texts, with the difference between “the literary” and “the non-literary” being mainly a matter
of degree. I discuss some examples of the functioning of diagrammatic iconicity on all levels of text organization and
substantiate the claim that it is one of the reasons why a translation of a text can only be partly analogous
(equivalent?) to the original, the relation between the two being that of (stronger or weaker) contrast.
‘My enemy’s enemy is my friend.’
Authors: Imrényi András
Published: September 2022

In Hungarian generative grammar, the terms topic and focus designate structural positions associated with
logico-semantic functions. The present chapter highlights the fact that elements sharing the behaviour of “topics” and
“foci” are highly varied, and that logico-semantic definitions only capture prioritized subsets of the relevant data.
I argue that preverbal, inversion-triggering elements (“foci” and the negative particle) are overriders, with their
semantic commonality depending on relationships of contrast vis-à-vis a baseline clause type, that of neutral positive
declarative clauses. With regard to sentence-initial, weakly stressed expressions (“topics” and “sentence
adverbials”), I propose that they are contextualizers, generating supporting context for the processing of a message.
Here, the baseline can be identified as the situation where no explicit contextualization is necessary. The
possibility for two patterns to be similar indirectly, by virtue of standing in contrast with a third one, will be
referred to as the ‘my enemy’s enemy is my friend’ principle of linguistic organization.
Emergent categories
Authors: Glynn Dylan
Published: September 2022

This study considers the methodological implications of the usage-based model (Langacker 1987) for a description of prototype-structured categorisation (Lakoff 1987). The usage-based model places repeated analogical judgements at
the heart of language processing as well as positing that the repetition of this process, across speech events, is
responsible for grammatical competence. Semasiological structure represents one of the most challenging types of
conceptual categorisation and is the focus of the case study on the semantics of the lexeme time in
contemporary American English. The study examines the methodological adequacy of the Behavioural Profile Approach
(Dirven et al. 1982; Geeraerts et al. 1994; Gries 2003) in
accounting for that complexity in a cognitively plausible manner. It is shown how the method quantifiably accounts for
the emergent many-to-many structures interpretable as structured polysemy.
Modeling constructional variation
Authors: Krawczak Karolina
Published: September 2022

This chapter is a corpus-based quantitative investigation of an alternation between clausal and nominal
complements observed for complex causal adpositions in Polish. Constructional alternations represent an excellent
example of analogy and contrast in language. Not only do they encode conceptually comparable and yet subtly
contrastive content in structurally contrasting forms, but the choice between them is necessarily determined by
analogical reasoning. The primary objective of this study is to establish what contrasts conceptually the two forms
and therefore determines the speaker’s choice of one of the two constructions and their corresponding construals.
While so doing, the study tests empirically a specific hypothesis informed by relevant prior research. The hypothesis
in question concerns the impact of the discursive status of information (i.e., its newness vs. givenness) on the
choice between clausal and nominal complements of complex causal adpositions. The results, obtained through
multivariate modelling of the data, provide evidence to corroborate the importance of this explanatory variable.
Moving reader or moving text?
Authors: Huumo Tuomas , Teeri-Niknammoghadam Krista
Published: September 2022

This chapter is concerned with metaphors of text organization that are instantiated by metaphorical
expressions pertaining to metatextual relations, i.e. relations between different parts of a text or between a text
and its reader (e.g. as noted in the foregoing chapters). The purpose of the study is to
examine metaphors of text organization denoted by Finnish front and back gram (adposition and
adverb) constructions, and to compare the system of metaphors of text organization to the previously attested system
for spatial metaphors of time. The study builds upon the system for metaphors of text organization presented by Huumo (2016), and expands on it by analyzing data extracted from online
discussion messages posted at the Finnish social networking site Suomi24.
Contrasts and analogies in cluster categories of emotion concepts in monolingual and cross-linguistic
contexts
Authors: Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk Barbara , Wilson Paul
Published: September 2022

The chapter focuses on the similarities and contrasts in the nature, function and cognitive semantic
description of British English versus Polish moral emotion cluster concepts in their contrastive and translational
contexts, particularly of contempt and its relationship with disgust and anger. The first
part of the chapter is devoted to the role of analogy in cross-cultural variation in emotion concepts. The
presentation of the cluster nature of such concepts is framed in terms of particular Emotion Events (Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk and Wilson 2013) and is taken as an analogous point of
departure in their intra- and cross-linguistic analysis. Three complementary and multidisciplinary methodological
paradigms were employed: GRID instrument, online emotions sorting task, and cognitive corpus-based linguistics. The
conclusions indicate areas of analogy in the semantic content of the examined clusters of emotion concepts, on the one
hand, and intra- and inter-linguistic contrasts, on the other.
Verb conjugation errors by learners of Korean
Authors: Lee Chanyoung
Published: September 2022

This study aims to identify patterns of verb conjugation errors that learners of Korean manifest and the factors
that influence these errors through an analysis of an error-annotated learner corpus. For this purpose, a paradigmatic
relations-based description of language acquisition was proposed. The predictability of each conjugation class was estimated by
way of entropy, a tool for measuring predictability. Using entropy allowed us to compare the regularity of each class in detail.
The results showed that there are 332 verb conjugation errors that can be classified into three types of errors: errors with vowel
endings, errors with lower entropy, and errors with higher entropy. The frequency of the first two types suggests that learners
make errors when producing frequently used conjugated forms and with more predictable classes. Considering this study’s
reproducibility and the reliability of its procedures and the results, its findings are expected to make a substantial
contribution to the study of error analysis using error-annotated learner corpora.
Auditory processing disorder in elderly
Authors: Kamali Behnoush , Khavarghazalani Bahareh , Hosseini Dastgerdi Zahra
Published: September 2022

Objectives

With an increase in age, peripheral hearing loss and CNS changes occur both structurally and functionally. These changes affect the processes of hearing and listening and auditory data processing. The elderly subjects with normal or near normal auditory sensitivity experience degrees of age-related auditory processing disorder. This study aimed to explore these changes in the elderly population and to compare them with young subjects.

Methods

In the present study, the dichotic digits test (DDT) was performed to evaluate the binaural auditory processing, and the gap in noise (GIN) detection test was performed to assess the auditory temporal processing function.

Results

A significant difference was found in the mean approximate threshold and percent of correct answers of GIN between the old and young subjects (p < 0.05). There was also a significant difference in the mean score of DDT in each ear between the two groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The results showed that binaural auditory processing and auditory temporal processing capabilities reduce in the elderly. Early detection of these changes in the elderly and the design of appropriate rehabilitation programs can markedly improve the performance of elderly people.
Stress granules and mTOR are regulated by membrane atg8ylation during lysosomal damage
Authors: Jia Jingyue , Wang Fulong , Bhujabal Zambarlal , Peters Ryan , Mudd Michal , Duque Thabata , Allers Lee , Javed Ruheena , Salemi Michelle , Behrends Christian , Phinney Brett , Johansen Terje , Deretic Vojo
Published: September 2022

We report that lysosomal damage is a hitherto unknown inducer of stress granule (SG) formation and that the process termed membrane atg8ylation coordinates SG formation with mTOR inactivation during lysosomal stress. SGs were induced by lysosome-damaging agents including SARS-CoV-2ORF3a, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and proteopathic tau. During damage, mammalian ATG8s directly interacted with the core SG proteins NUFIP2 and G3BP1. Atg8ylation was needed for their recruitment to damaged lysosomes independently of SG condensates whereupon NUFIP2 contributed to mTOR inactivation via the Ragulator–RagA/B complex. Thus, cells employ membrane atg8ylation to control and coordinate SG and mTOR responses to lysosomal damage.
BACH2 restricts NK cell maturation and function, limiting immunity to cancer metastasis
Authors: Imianowski Charlotte J. , Whiteside Sarah K. , Lozano Teresa , Evans Alexander C. , Benson Jayme D. , Courreges Christina J.F. , Sadiyah Firas , Lau Colleen M. , Zandhuis Nordin D. , Grant Francis M. , Schuijs Martijn J. , Vardaka Panagiota , Kuo Paula , Soilleux Elizabeth J. , Yang Jie , Sun Joseph C. , Kurosaki Tomohiro , Okkenhaug Klaus , Halim Timotheus Y.F. , Roychoudhuri Rahul
Published: September 2022

Natural killer (NK) cells are critical to immune surveillance against infections and cancer. Their role in immune surveillance requires that NK cells are present within tissues in a quiescent state. Mechanisms by which NK cells remain quiescent in tissues are incompletely elucidated. The transcriptional repressor BACH2 plays a critical role within the adaptive immune system, but its function within innate lymphocytes has been unclear. Here, we show that BACH2 acts as an intrinsic negative regulator of NK cell maturation and function. BACH2 is expressed within developing and mature NK cells and promotes the maintenance of immature NK cells by restricting their maturation in the presence of weak stimulatory signals. Loss of BACH2 within NK cells results in accumulation of activated NK cells with unrestrained cytotoxic function within tissues, which mediate augmented immune surveillance to pulmonary cancer metastasis. These findings establish a critical function of BACH2 as a global negative regulator of innate cytotoxic function and tumor immune surveillance by NK cells.
GaAs membrane PhC lasers threshold reduction using AlGaAs barriers and improved processing
Authors: Flores Esparza Sergio Iván , Lecestre Aurélie , Dubreuil Pascal , Arnoult Alexandre , Mlayah Adnen , Monmayrant Antoine , Gauthier-Lafaye Olivier
Published: September 2022

Active suspended membranes are an ideal test-bench for experimenting with novel laser geometries and principles. We show that adding thin AlGaAs barrier near the top and bottom Air/GaAs interfaces of the membrane significantly reduces the carriers non-radiative recombinations and decreases the threshold of test photonic crystal test lasers. We review the existing literature on photonic crystal membrane fabrication and propose an overview of the significant defects that can be induced by each fabrication step. Finally we propose a complete processing scheme that overcome most of these defects.
Measured low-energy x-ray spectra of interest in diagnostic radiology and mammography
Authors: Hernandez-Guzman Abel , Moreno-Ramírez Adriana , Massillon-JL Guerda
Published: September 2022

Objective. In cities situated at high-altitude, the measured x-ray spectra are required to calculate the absorbed dose to water in radiobiology and medical dosimetry because of the air-density effect. This work aims to measure, in a high-altitude city, a set of x-ray spectra from an x-ray tube with tungsten anode generated at potentials of the M-series x-ray beams from NIST in the range of 20 and 150 kV as well as other beam qualities that have been characterized and used for dosimetry study in our group called W-series. To also measure some spectra of mammography interest in the energy range of 25 and 35 kV using additional filtration of rhodium (Rh), molybdenum (Mo) and silver (Ag). Approach. A tungsten anode x-ray tube with potential between 10 to and 160 kV was used. A high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector associated with a DSPEC Jr 2.0TM digital signal processing module has been used for the spectra measurements. Prior the spectra measurements, the HPGe detector has been characterized and calibrated using several radioactive sources. Main results. The M80 spectrum was compared to a mathematically filtered beam from Physicalisch Technische Bundesanstalt corresponding to the same potential finding a difference of 0.7% in the average energy. So, the mathematically filtered beam from PTB matches very well our M80 beam. The beams M80, M100 and M120 were also compared with calculations for the corresponding kilovoltage from an executable that calculates x-ray spectra from tungsten anode x-ray tubes in the energy range between 40 to 300 kV called SpekCalc. The SpekCalc reproduces qualitatively the experimental spectra, but not quantitatively, mainly for M100 and M120 beams. Significance. These spectra can be used to simulate the patient dose as well as image quality using Monte Carlo (MC) codes or to evaluate the absorbed dose in dosimetry studies
Optimal bipolar system positioning to provide information about the trapezius activity associated with scapular retraction during shoulder exercises for resistance training
Authors: Dos Anjos F V , Boccia G , Brustio P R , Rainoldi A , Gazzoni M
Published: September 2022

Objective. Recently, the use of EMG biofeedback to make subjects aware of the stabilizer activation associated with scapular retraction during exercise has been of interest, and challenges related to EMG detection have been addressed. Whether there is an optimal bipolar positioning that discriminates the stabilizer activation with retraction from a neutral scapular position during resistance exercises is an open issue that we address here by simultaneously mapping different positions using high-density surface electromyography (HD-sEMG). Approach. Sixteen resistance-trained males performed five pulling exercises with and without scapular retraction, namely barbell rows, dumbbell rows, pull-downs at a lat machine, seated rows, and TRX (total resistance exercises) system rows. HD-sEMG was acquired in a monopolar mode from the medial and lower trapezius (8 × 4 electrodes and inter-electrode distance (ied): 10 mm) and different bipolar systems were simulated in terms of positioning, interelectrode distance, and orientation with respect to the spine: longitudinal with three ieds (20 mm, 30 mm, and 40 mm), one transversal, and two diagonals (ied: 20 mm), totalling six EMG sets. To identify the optimal electrode pair that was able to distinguish between the presence or absence of scapular retraction, we computed: (i) the root mean square (RMS) map for each condition and the difference between them, obtaining a differential RMS map per subject; and (ii) the intersection of cumulative maps, by summing the differential (binary) maps from all subjects. Main results. For the lower trapezius, the results revealed that the diagonal direction (45 degrees; ied: 20 mm) obtained the greater occurrence of intersecting segments within and between exercises than the other electrode configurations, showing low variability for the optimal positioning across exercises. Electrode configuration varied within and between the pulling exercises for the medial trapezius. Significance. This study allows us to identify an optimal bipolar positioning (consistent across subjects and exercises) for lower trapezius activity assessment, representing a guideline for electrode positioning when EMG biofeedback is adopted for selective activation of the lower trapezius during pulling exercises.
Streamer propagation in humid air
Authors: Malagón-Romero Alejandro , Luque Alejandro
Published: September 2022

We investigate the effect of humidity on the propagation of streamers in air. We present a minimal set of chemical reactions that takes into account the presence of water in a nonthermal air plasma and considers ionization, attachment, detachment, recombination and ion conversion including water cluster formation. We find differences in streamer propagation between dry and humid air that we attribute mostly to an enhanced effective attachment rate in humid air, leading to higher breakdown electric field and threshold field for propagation. This higher effective attachment rate in humid conditions leads to a faster decay of the conductivity in the streamer channel, which hinders the accumulation of charge in the streamer head. In some cases a propagating streamer solution still exists at the expense of a smaller radius and lower velocity. In other cases a high humidity leads to the stagnation of the streamer. We finally discuss how all these statements may affect streamer branching and the dimensions and lifetime of a streamer corona.
A study on GaN-based betavoltaic batteries
Authors: Toprak A , Yılmaz D , Özbay E
Published: September 2022

In this paper, a GaN-based betavoltaic epitaxial structure was grown by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition and a p-type ohmic contact was studied for different Ni/Au metal thickness ratios, temperature dependent in N2:O2 (1:1) gas atmosphere and different surface treatments for this epitaxial structure. Transfer length method measurements were done after each different process condition in order to check specific contact resistivities. GaN-based betavoltaic batteries were fabricated and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used as an electron source to test these devices. For this purpose, devices connected to a printed circuit board were exposed to an electron current of 1.5 nA with 17 keV energy in the SEM. For 1 × 1 mm2 devices, a dark current value of 2.8 pA at 0 V, fill factor of 0.35, maximum power conversion efficiency of 3.92%, and maximum output power of 1 µW were obtained.
Trap-assisted tunneling current and quantum efficiency loss in InGaAsSb short wavelength infrared photo detectors
Authors: Li Nong , Wang Guowei , Jiang Dongwei , Zhou Wenguang , Chang Faran , Lin Fangqi , Chen Weiqiang , Jiang Junkai , Xu Xueyue , She Lifang , Cui Suning , Liu Bing , Hao Hongyue , Wu Donghai , Xu Yingqiang , Niu Zhichuan
Published: September 2022

We report the trap-assisted tunneling current and quantum efficiency (QE) loss in short wavelength infrared In0.22Ga0.78As0.2Sb0.8 photo detectors. Combining experiment data with a current–voltage model, we found that the trap-assisted tunneling current was boosted by increasing Beryllium (Be) doping in active region at room temperature. However higher Be doping level imposes no negative impacts on QE. Four traps with energy levels located at 49

meV

, 60

meV

, 155

meV

and 199

meV

below conduction band minimum in a In0.22Ga0.78As0.2Sb0.8 alloy are extracted from the fitting of I–V curves. Transparency measurement of an un-intentional doped In0.22Ga0.78As0.2Sb0.8 sample yields an absorption coefficient of 5191 cm−1 at 2.25

 
μ

m

. Combining with the measured value of absorption coefficient, the QE dependence on diode length of In0.22Ga0.78As0.2Sb0.8 photo detectors is presented. Finally, by fitting quantum efficiencies of In0.22Ga0.78As0.2Sb0.8 photo detectors, we obtained that the minority electrons diffusion length is larger than 4

 
μ

m

and the minority holes diffusion length is 0.2

 
μ

m

. QE loss occurs at top N region of In0.22Ga0.78As0.2Sb0.8 photo detectors due to a short holes diffusion length.
Model transformation from a hollow Gaussian beam to an Airy Gaussian beam
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Liu Zhirong , Wang Xun
Published: September 2022

Model transformation from a hollow Gaussian beam (HGB) to an Airy Gaussian beam (AGB) was investigated based on the optical Airy transformation method. The HGB was transformed into a superposition of finite Airy beam via an optical Airy transformation system (OATS). Analytical expression of the AGB was deduced and used to demonstrate the produced AGB’s characteristics. Results showed that the intensity distribution and the number of side lobes of the AGB were determined by the control parameters α and β of the OATS, and the order n of the incident beam. In addition, a hollow Gaussian beam with a certain mode could be obtained by an incidence of an Airy Gaussian beam with a certain modulation parameter through the OATS. Results obtained here indicated that the model transformation between a Gaussian beam and an Airy beam could be realized by the optical Airy transformation method, which method would be valuable in generating of a novel kind of Airy beam and exploiting practical applications of the HGB.
Core localized alpha-channeling via low frequency Alfvén mode generation in reversed shear scenarios
Authors: Wei Shizhao , Wang Tao , Chen Liu , Zonca Fulvio , Qiu Zhiyong
Published: September 2022

A novel channel for fuel ions heating in tokamak core plasma is proposed and analyzed using nonlinear gyrokinetic theory. The channel is achieved via spontaneous decay of reversed shear Alfvén eigenmode (RSAE) into low frequency Alfvén modes, which then heat fuel ions via collisionless ion Landau damping. The conditions for RSAE spontaneous decay are investigated, and the saturation level and the consequent fuel ion heating rate are also derived. The channel is expected to be crucial for future reactors operating under reversed shear configurations, where fusion alpha particles are generated in the tokamak core with the magnetic shear being, typically, reversed, and there is a dense RSAE spectrum due to the small alpha particle characteristic dimensionless orbits.