bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does Timbre Modulate Visual Perception? Exploring Crossmodal Interactions
Authors: Wallmark Zachary , Nghiem Linh , Marks Lawrence E.
Published: September 2021

Musical timbre is often described using terms from non-auditory senses, mainly vision and touch; but it is not clear whether crossmodality in timbre semantics reflects multisensory processing or simply linguistic convention. If multisensory processing is involved in timbre perception, the mechanism governing the interaction remains unknown. To investigate whether timbres commonly perceived as “bright-dark” facilitate or interfere with visual perception (darkness-brightness), we designed two speeded classification experiments. Participants were presented consecutive images of slightly varying (or the same) brightness along with task-irrelevant auditory primes (“bright” or “dark” tones) and asked to quickly identify whether the second image was brighter/darker than the first. Incongruent prime-stimulus combinations produced significantly more response errors compared to congruent combinations but choice reaction time was unaffected. Furthermore, responses in a deceptive identical-image condition indicated subtle semantically congruent response bias. Additionally, in Experiment 2 (which also incorporated a spatial texture task), measures of reaction time (RT) and accuracy were used to construct speed-accuracy tradeoff functions (SATFs) in order to critically compare two hypothesized mechanisms for timbre-based crossmodal interactions, sensory response change vs. shift in response criterion. Results of the SATF analysis are largely consistent with the response criterion hypothesis, although without conclusively ruling out sensory change.
Structural characterization of soluble lignin in the pre-hydrolysis liquor of bamboo-willow dissolving pulp
Authors: Zhang Jinchao , Wu Chaojun , Yu Dongmei , Zhu Yachong
Published: September 2021

The soluble lignin present in the pre-hydrolysis liquor (PHL) is detrimental for value-added utilization of the PHL from production of kraft-based dissolving pulp. In this paper, the soluble lignin was separated from PHL by activated carbon adsorption and subsequent desorption with methanol. The structural characteristics of the soluble and dioxane lignins (from bamboo-willow material) were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The FTIR and proton-NMR results showed that cleavage of β-O-4 aryl-ether linkages and demethylation occurred in the lignin structure during the pre-hydrolysis. The main linkages between structural monomeric units of the soluble lignin were β-β, β-5, β-1, and β-O-4. Additionally, the TGA results showed that the residual char yield at 800 °C of the soluble and dioxane lignins were 33.4% and 35.3%, respectively. Therefore, the soluble lignin obtained from PHL possessed thermal stability comparable to that of dioxane lignin, and can be used as a renewable source for carbon fiber.
Timber screw connection: Study of the strain along the interface using optical measurement techniques and simulations
Authors: Kumpenza Cedou , Ringhofer Andreas , Krenke Thomas , Sotayo Adeayo , Pramreiter Maximilian , Müller Ulrich
Published: September 2021

In various engineering applications, self-tapping screws are used to connect timber members. To describe their load-deformation relationship, a better understanding of the strain along the mechanical interface (i.e., timber-screw interface) is required. With a focus on the axial loading of self-tapping screws, only a few studies have dealt with the determination of the strain based on optical measurement techniques. Therefore, in the present study, the strain distribution at the timber-screw interface was monitored during pull-out tests using an optical measurement technique, called electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI). Strains obtained from the ESPI measurements were compared with the results obtained from structural simulations conducted with finite element modelling (FEM). Three different types of solid spruce wood (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) specimens with different grain orientations connected with self-tapping screws (thread length lg = 130 mm, outer thread diameter d = 12 mm) were tested in withdrawal. There was a good agreement between the ESPI and FEM results, confirming that ESPI was a suitable measurement technique. The study also provided insights and results regarding the region of strain concentrations across the length of self-tapping screws.
Recent developments in biomass pelletization – A review
Authors: Stelte Wolfgang , Sanadi Anand R. , Shang Lei , Holm Jens K. , Ahrenfeldt Jesper , Henriksen Ulrik B.
Published: September 2021

The depletion of fossil fuels and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions has resulted in a strong growth of biomass utilization for heat and power production. Attempts to overcome the poor handling properties of biomass, i.e. its low bulk density and inhomogeneous structure, have resulted in an increasing interest in biomass densification technologies, such as pelletization and briquetting. The global pellet market has developed quickly, and strong growth is expected for the coming years. Due to an increase in demand for biomass, the traditionally used wood residues from sawmills and pulp and paper industry are not sufficient to meet future needs. An extended raw material base consisting of a broad variety of fibrous residues from agriculture and food industries, as well as thermal pre-treatment processes, provides new challenges for the pellet industry. Pellet production has been an established process for several decades, but only in the past five years has there been significant progress made to understand the key factors affecting pelletizing processes. A good understanding about the pelletizing process, especially the processing parameters and their effect on pellet formation and bonding are important for process and product optimization. The present review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest insights into the biomass pelletization processes, such as the forces involved in the pelletizing processes, modeling, bonding, and adhesive mechanisms. Furthermore, thermal pretreatment of the biomass, i.e. torrefaction and other thermal treatment to enhance the fuel properties of biomass pellets are discussed.
Teorijų palyginamumo klausimu
Authors: Valevičius Vytautas
Published: September 2021

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama teorijų palyginamumo problema. Teigiama, kad teorijų palyginimui reikalinga žinoti, kas yra mokslinė teorija ir turėti lyginimo kriterijus. Pateikiami minėti kriterijai: empirinis turinys, abstraktumo laipsnis, paprastumas, tikslumas ir kita. Apžvelgiami loginio pozityvizmo ir postpozityvizmo mokslo filosofijos atstovų sukurti mokslo teorijų modeliai. Žemesnis abstraktumo laipsnis būdingas konkrečioms mokslinėms sąvokoms, kategorijoms, kurios sujungtos į konkrečią mokslinę teoriją. Empirinių mokslų teorijose dar galima išskirti formalų aparatą bei jo interpretaciją, nurodančią, kokią objektyvaus pasaulio sritį teorija aprašo. Mokslinių faktų kiekis nėra vienintelis mokslinių teorijų lyginimo kriterijus, mokslinės teorijos turi savo empirinius duomenis. Mokslinių teorijų lyginimo kriterijus privalo būti kompleksiškas. Teorijos, aprašančios tą pačią realaus pasaulio sritį, yra lengviau palyginamos, nes dalis elementų praktiškai sutampa. Lyginimo procedūra beveik visada eina nuo bendriausių filosofinių arba metafizinių principų prie konkretesnių teorijos elementų. Jeigu teorijų viršutinis lygmuo sutampa, jas visada galima palyginti vienu ar kitu aspektu.
Dėsnio vieta naujųjų amžių natūralistinėje sociologijoje
Authors: Trimailovas Vladimiras
Published: September 2021

Straipsnyje grindžiamas teiginys, kad metafiziškai orientuota naujųjų amžių natūralistinė sociologija nepajėgė teisingai suformuluoti socialinio dėsnio problemos. Analizuojama viena pagrindinių natūralizmo kategorijų – vadinamasis gamtos įstatymas. Teigiama, kad ši kategorija visiškai neadekvačiai išreiškia socialinio dėsnio esmę. Gamtos mokslų determinizmo koncepcijos taikymas socialinių procesų tyrimui nėra savaime suprantamas dalykas – neišsiaiškinus žmogaus socialinės prigimties, ši koncepcija lieka pernelyg abstrakti. Žmogaus prigimtis, laikoma vieninteliu visuomenės gyvenimo šaltiniu, nebuvo paprastas gamtos tęsinys. Žmogaus prigimtyje atrandamas ir būtinumas, ir tikslingas veikimas, o tai mechanistinio determinizmo ir formaliosios logikos požiūriu traktuojama kaip prieštaravimas. Socialinio proceso determinizmo ir teleologijos santykio problema anksčiausiai iškyla svarstant natūralaus būtinumo ir valios laisvės santykį. Natūralistų teiginys, kad socialinės būties objektyvumo ir dėsningumo ištakos glūdi prigimtiniuose žmonėse bei jų tarpusavio santykiuose, buvo teoriškai pažangesnis už antgamtinę socialinės tikrovės organizaciją.
Egzistencija ir hermeneutika
Authors: Ricœur Paul
Published: September 2021

Publikuojamas P. Ricoeuro straipsnių rinkinio „Interpretacijų konfliktas. Esė apie hermeneutiką“ įvadinio straipsnio vertimas. Šiame straipsnyje aptariamas vadinamasis hermeneutinės problemos skiepas fenomenologiniam metodui. Apžvelgiamas hermeneutikos formavimasis, aptariami semantinis, refleksijos ir egzistencinis hermeneutikos lygmenys. Teigiama, kad simbolis yra kiekviena reikšmės struktūra, kurioje tiesioginė, pirminė, raidiška prasmė žymi dar ir kitą – netiesioginę, antrinę, perkeltinę prasmę, kuri gali būti suvokta tik per pirmąją. Interpretavimas yra minties darbas, kurį sudaro paslėptos prasmės iššifravimas regimoje prasmėje, raidiškoje reikšmėje implikuotų reikšmės lygių išskleidimas. Refleksija turi būti netiesioginė dėl to, kad egzistencija pasirodo tik gyvenimo dokumentuose, ir dėl to, kad sąmonė pirmiausia yra melaginga sąmonė, todėl nuo nesupratimo iki supratimo reikia pakilti per koreguojančią kritiką. Ontologija jokiu būdu negali būti atskirta nuo interpretavimo. Ji lieka rate, kurį sudaro interpretavimo darbas ir interpretuojama būtis.
Naujausios vokiečių filosofinės literatūros apžvalga
Authors: Sezemanas Vosylius
Published: September 2021

1923 m. parašyto V. Sezemano straipsnio vertime apžvelgiama tuometinė naujausia vokiečių filosofinė literatūra. Pirmiausia aptariamos neokantizmo filosofinės mokyklos ir jų svarbiausi atstovai. Freiburgo mokyklos svarbiausio atstovo H. Rickerto darbai kritikuojami dėl teorinio formalizmo vienpusiškumo, „heterotetinio“ metodo nevaisingumo. Konstatuojama, kad subjektyvusis idealizmas išsisėmė, nustojo buvęs tam tikros pasaulėžiūros išraiškos forma ir liko reikšmingas tik kaip metodas ar požiūris. Marburgo mokykloje jaučiami irimo ženklai. Jos atstovas E. Cassireris nuosekliai laikosi mokslinio idealizmo požiūrio. P. Natorpas Platono mokymą interpretuoja Plotino neoplatonizmo dvasia. Marburgo mokyklos atstovai mąstymą laiko besubjekte loginių prielaidų ir sąryšių funkcija. Aptariamas N. Hartmanno veikalas „Pažinimo metafizikos pagrindai“. Teigiama, kad jame ypač vertingas visų žinojimo problemoje glūdinčių aporijų visapusiškas fenomenologinis ištyrimas ir visų idealizmo ir subjektyvizmo atmainų gili kritinė analizė. Didžiausias Vokietijos ontologinės minties pasiekimas yra M. Schelerio etika.
IgA Nephropathy as the Initial Presentation of Celiac Disease in an Adolescent
Authors: Slavin Stuart F.
Published: September 2021

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy (Berger’s disease) is the most common glomerulonephritis worldwide. The disease typically is chronic and lifelong and eventually progresses to impaired renal function in a substantial proportion of cases. It has been known for some time that there is a correlation between IgA nephropathy and celiac disease, but until now it has remained unclear whether treatment of the underlying celiac disease has any meaningful impact on the progression of the renal disease. Therefore, until now, screening for celiac disease in patients presenting with IgA nephropathy has not been universally recommended in the absence of suggestive gastrointestinal symptoms. This report describes a case of IgA nephropathy in an adolescent boy that turned out to be the initial presentation of celiac disease. More importantly, it documents the complete laboratory normalization of his renal anomalies at 5-year follow-up after treatment of his celiac disease with implementation of a gluten-free diet. This case highlights the importance of awareness that suspected IgA nephropathy, even in the absence of gastrointestinal symptoms, should prompt screening for underlying celiac disease as a potential, and possibly treatable, cause.
Stridor Due to Cranial Nerve X Palsy Progressing to Polyneuropathy in a Teenager With COVID-19
Authors: Dean Andrea , Said Amira , Marri Kavitha , Chelius Daniel
Published: September 2021

The neurologic manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are wide-ranging, including various cranial neuropathies, beyond anosmia and dysgeusia, the exact neuropathological mechanism of which are yet unknown. Acute cranial nerve (CN) X neuritis with vocal cord paralysis has not been reported in COVID-19 and is a rare presentation of neuropathy in general. A girl aged 14 years was admitted with stridor. She was diagnosed with symptomatic COVID-19 8 days before. By presentation, fever had resolved, but she had developed stridor; sore throat with dysphagia; chest, shoulder, and back pain; and generalized weakness. Neurologic examination and laryngoscopy were consistent with isolated left CN X palsy. Steroids were started, but neurologic disease progressed with subjective pain, right lower face numbness, and eye fatigability. Respiratory distress increased, and she was intubated for airway protection. MRI revealed abnormal enhancement of CNs III, V, XII, and X. Cerebrospinal fluid studies were normal. Nasopharyngeal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 polymerase chain reaction test result was positive. She was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin, a total of 2 g/kg, and steroids were continued. She made a full neurologic recovery and was discharged after 9 days of hospitalization. This is a case of a teenager who presented with an acute, life-threatening CN X palsy and development of a progressive polyneuropathy in the setting of COVID-19. Although there was concern for Guillain-Barre syndrome, a definitive diagnosis could not be made, and the unusual features of this case, including presentation with stridor and predominate CN involvement seem to indicate a separate symptomatic COVID-19–associated polyneuritis.
Causalidade e intencionalidade
Authors: Alencar Arrais Cristiano
Published: September 2021

O procedimento explicativo faz parte do processo de reconstrução do passado. Embora tenha sofrido um processo de relativização nas últimas décadas, defendo que o procedimento explicativo deve ser ressaltado, tendo como base, preliminarmente, o reconhecimento da relação entre os conceitos de referente e representação os quais reintroduziram o tema da historicidade na teoria da história. Minha hipótese de trabalho sustenta que os fundamentos reconstrutivos dos historiadores, quando fatorizados, enfatizam a noção de intencionalidade como princípio estruturante da explicação histórica. Além disso, incorpora elementos causais e teleológicos em seu procedimento explicativo. Ademais, a historiografia apresenta um caráter multidescritivo, não se opondo à espinha dorsal das reflexões tropológicas. Assim, o exame da lógica interna das explicações históricas refuta as teses relativistas, geralmente expressas nas argumentações pseudo-históricas que confundem explicações diferentes com explicações divergentes.
História, ciência, e sociedade em Fausto Cardoso
Authors: Detoni Piero
Published: September 2021

O presente ensaio apresenta a série de artigos “A ciência da história”, material publicado por Fausto Cardoso na Revista Brasileira, no decorrer do ano de 1895. Objetiva-se colocar em evidência a sua reflexão acerca dos fundamentos da prática científica, bem como do estatuto científico da história. É nossa pretensão contextualizar os escritos de Cardoso junto aos horizontes do cientificismo brasileiro. Tomamos as suas reflexões como indícios das transformações pelas quais o contexto epistêmico-historiográfico das décadas finais do século XIX atravessou. Ao estudarmos os artigos do intelectual sergipano, temos a possibilidade, ainda, de reelaborar a memória disciplinar da história da historiografia brasileira, que por muito tempo sustentou que o seu foco de análise era o progresso da pesquisa histórica científica. Assim sendo, os textos de Fausto Cardoso mostram-se úteis para intensificarmos a descrição dos planos de historicidade que envolvem as formas possíveis de legitimação da disciplina história em nosso país.
Entre o imperativo do arquivo e a retórica bandeirante
Authors: Anhezini Karina
Published: September 2021

O presente texto analisa a história da construção de um saber que, para se estabelecer, necessitou da montagem de um arquivo. Esse saber será apresentado por meio da análise do Curso de Bandeirologia, ministrado na cidade de São Paulo no ano de 1946. No decorrer da narrativa, o leitor terá contato com fragmentos dos gestos arquivísticos e com a repetição de enunciados que resultaram na constituição da retórica bandeirante, um campo discursivo empenhado em criar e fazer crer em uma explicação para a História do Brasil dependente e ancorada nos acontecimentos delimitados pela história das bandeiras paulistas, que se procura consolidar como uma nova historicidade para o Brasil.
Disciplina e experiência
Authors: Guimarães Géssica
Published: September 2021

A consolidação da história como uma disciplina na tradição ocidental foi responsável pela constituição de métodos, teorias e protocolos que buscavam afirmar seu caráter científico. Essa configuração da história científica no século XIX teve outras consequências como a instituição de mecanismos de controle da produção de conhecimento, bem como o fortalecimento de uma imagem pretensamente universal da humanidade como seu produtor autorizado. Pretendo refletir sobre o caráter disciplinar da história a partir de teorização acerca do conceito de experiência, que será considerado a partir das obras de Walter Benjamin, Judith Butler e Nelly Richard. Para tal, será analisada a importância dos relatos de experiência para a constituição de uma comunidade de escuta, a fim de pensar sua pertinência para as aulas de história e as narrativas historiográficas não hegemônicas. Em seguida, refletiremos sobre a historicidade do conceito de lugar de fala e as consequências ético-políticas das diferentes maneiras de experimentar o passado.
Escritas insubmissas
Authors: Pereira Allan Kardec
Published: September 2021

Este artigo demonstrará o potencial indisciplinar do que definiremos como escritas insubmissas da história. Isso será feito em dois momentos: inicialmente através da procura de Hortense Spillers por uma “nova gramática”, capaz de redefinir a forma estereotipada como os negros são pensados e escritos no presente; em seguida, terá como foco o conceito de “fabulação crítica”, proposto por Saidiya Hartman, que é tanto uma alternativa teórica para exceder ou negociar lacunas do arquivo da escravidão, quanto uma reflexão indisciplinar sobre o que faz o historiador. Antes, porém, explicaremos como essas escritas insubmissas da história fazem parte de uma tradição radical negra, que, desde o final do século XIX, tem se insurgido contra o disciplinamento epistêmico ocidental. Desafios teóricos, veremos, que semprem estiveram profundamente conectados com as demandas político-sociais dos protestos radicais contra a violência antinegra nos Estados Unidos. Ao término, a partir das considerações de Spillers e Hartman, este texto enseja pensar a indisciplina como um fim radical possível em um mundo antinegro.
Ten-year trends in hospitalizations due to Alzheimer’s disease in Brazil: a national-based study
Authors: Feter Natan , Leite Jayne Santos , Dumith Samuel Carvalho , Rombaldi Airton José
Published: September 2021

Abstract: Brazil has the second highest age-standardized prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease worldwide. However, information about Alzheimer’s disease-related hospitalizations in Brazil is scarce despite its economic and social impact. We described temporal trends in hospitalizations related to Alzheimer’s disease in Brazil from 2010 to 2019. We conducted a time-series, retrospective, descriptive, national-based study using data from the DATASUS database of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Hospitalizations, mean days hospitalized, and economic costs from those hospitalizations were extracted from 2010 to 2019. Hospitalizations by Alzheimer’s disease increased 87.7% from 2010 to 2019, with greater increase among men (97.4%), mixed ethnicity (224%), 80 years or older (115.1%), and in the Northeast (172.1%) and Central West (144.2%) regions. Although mean days hospitalized decreased in all subgroups, an increasing time trend in hospital admission was observed in the Central West Region. Costs per hospitalization increased for patients aged 50 years or younger and in admissions related to emergency services. Compared with other non-communicable chronic diseases, Alzheimer’s disease had the highest increase in absolute number and rate of hospitalizations in Brazil from 2010 to 2019. AD is a public health problem in Brazil. Strategies to reduce its burden are necessary but only if accompanied by greater equality and awareness of this disease.
Políticas de saúde e concepções de surdez e de deficiência auditiva no SUS: um monólogo?
Authors: Soleman Carla , Bousquat Aylene
Published: September 2021

Duas concepções teóricas são centrais na discussão sobre a deficiência auditiva e a surdez: a orgânico-biológica e a socioantropológica. Elas são fundamentalmente distintas na definição de uma hipotética fronteira da normalidade e no entendimento dos surdos como uma minoria linguística. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de identificar como essas concepções se expressaram nas políticas de saúde voltadas às pessoas com deficiência auditiva/surdez no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Foi realizada um pesquisa documental com foco nas políticas de saúde voltadas à deficiência auditiva/surdez de 1990 a 2019. Os documentos (n = 185) foram identificados na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e no Sistema de Legislação da Saúde. Desses, foram selecionados 11 que versavam sobre normativas de implementação tecnológica ou ação prática na assistência com foco na deficiência auditiva/surdez, os demais tinham caráter fundamentalmente pontual. Os resultados evidenciam que todas as políticas analisadas foram pautadas na concepção orgânico-biológica, pois nenhuma referência às particularidades linguísticas e culturais do surdo foi identificada. Essa lógica pode contribuir para dificultar o acesso dessa população ao sistema de saúde, especialmente ao aumentar a barreira comunicacional. Para que de fato se cumpram os princípios doutrinários do SUS é central que as políticas de saúde incorporem os aspectos socioculturais, refletindo em suas formulações o surdo como um cidadão que apreende o mundo pelas vivências e experiências prioritariamente visuais, no qual a língua de sinais é elemento central.
Perspectivas neurocientíficas para uma teoria do trauma: revisão crítica dos modelos integrativos entre a biologia e a cultura
Authors: Reis Ramon , Ortega Francisco
Published: September 2021

Durante o último quarto do século XX, a psicopatologia codificou um arco diversificado de fenômenos sociais sob a rubrica do traumatismo, notabilizando o estudo do trauma psicológico como área autônoma e progressivamente informada pelas pesquisas culturais e neurobiológicas. Nesse cenário, presenciamos a emergência do paradigma biocultural, perspectiva epistemológica que procura elucidar as trajetórias interativas pelas quais cultura e biologia consolidam, entre si, os seus efeitos recíprocos. Este artigo abordará as interseções entre o campo dos psicotraumatismo e as neurociências, tomando, como eixos de análise, a expansão da categoria do transtorno de estresse pós-traumático (TEPT), os pressupostos epistemológicos das pesquisas neurocomportamentais do estresse e do medo, e as limitações da tese da bidirecionalidade, preconizada pelas neurodisciplinas culturais contemporâneas. A elaboração de abordagens definitivamente integrativas pode auxiliar no desenvolvimento de modelos compreensivos capazes de conceber os saberes e as práticas ao nível da experiência humana, evitando interpretações reducionistas que submetem vivências culturais e subjetivas complexas ora aos imperativos do cérebro, ora aos códigos semiológicos do raciocínio patogênico.
TRÊS TIPOS DE ESTUDOS DE REVISÃO NAS PESQUISAS EDUCACIONAIS: CARACTERIZAÇÃO E ANÁLISE
Authors: Silva Fernando Xavier , Barbosa Elizabete Pereira , Mendes Valdelaine da Rosa , Santos Ana Lúcia Felix dos
Published: September 2021

O presente texto tem por objetivo analisar como três tipologias de estudos de revisão (revisão de literatura, revisão sistemática e estudos bibliométricos) são abordados em pesquisas sobre a produção do conhecimento em educação. Estudos de revisão são entendidos como aqueles que se dedicam a mapear a produção do conhecimento buscando problematizar tendências e desafios, mas também procuram sinalizar novas demandas de determinada área acadêmica e os desenhos metodológicos das pesquisas. A metodologia envolveu a seleção de 12 trabalhos (3 revisões de literatura, 4 revisões sistemáticas e 5 estudos bibliométricos) delineando as contribuições de cada um deles. Inicialmente o texto traça um panorama sobre os estudos de revisão identificando suas principais características. Na sequência apresenta os 12 trabalhos de revisão, apontando as principais aproximações, dissonâncias, potenciais tendências e lacunas, sinalizando novos caminhos para estudos e pesquisas sobre os estudos de revisão. Constatou-se, desse modo, que os trabalhos podem tecer procedimentos metodológicos díspares, mas seguem contribuindo na elaboração de sínteses importantes para as pesquisas no campo educacional.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DAS BROMÉLIAS NO MEIO AMBIENTE: UMA PROPOSTA DE SEQUÊNCIA DIDÁTICA PARA SENSIBILIZAÇÃO AMBIENTAL DE ESTUDANTES DA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA
Authors: Cavalcante Brayan , Ferreira Henrique José , Silva Clécio Danilo Dias da
Published: September 2021

Este trabalho teve como objetivo a aplicação de uma Sequência Didática (SD) para sensibilização ambiental de estudantes da Educação Básica (EB) sobre as bromélias e sua importância para a manutenção da biodiversidade. As atividades foram desenvolvidas em 04 turmas da EB (Infantil III e IV, 4º e 9º ano do ensino fundamental), durante um semestre letivo, por meio de projetos multidisciplinares, utilizando 10 etapas de uma SD como plano base para todas as turmas (com adaptações pertinentes a cada turma). As etapas da SD foram planejadas utilizando as abordagens de projetos, abordagem de três momentos, sala de aula invertida e atividades de campo. Durante as atividades, foi percebido bastante empenho dos alunos frente aos temas levantados, e uma sensibilização quanto a importância das bromélias e suas relações com o ambiente. De modo geral, durante toda a execução do projeto, os alunos mostraram-se motivados diante dos temas apresentados, e ao final da atividade, puderam responder de forma clara e crítica sobre às questões ambientais levantadas em sala de aula, tanto com o tema “importância das bromélias” como com “educação e conservação ambiental”.
Salt frost attack on concrete: the combined effect of cryogenic suction and chloride binding on ice formation
Authors: Müller Matthias , Ludwig Horst-Michael , Hasholt Marianne Tange
Published: September 2021

Scaling of concrete due to salt frost attack is an important durability issue in moderate and cold climates. The actual damage mechanism is still not completely understood. Two recent damage theories—the glue spall theory and the cryogenic suction theory—offer plausible, but conflicting explanations for the salt frost scaling mechanism. The present study deals with the cryogenic suction theory, which assumes that freezing concrete can take up unfrozen brine from a partly frozen deicing solution during salt frost attack. According to the model hypothesis, the resulting saturation of the concrete surface layer intensifies the ice formation in this layer and causes salt frost scaling. In this study an experimental technique was developed that makes it possible to quantify to which extent brine uptake can increase ice formation in hardened cement paste (used as a model material for concrete). The experiments were carried out with low temperature differential scanning calorimetry, where specimens were subjected to freeze–thaw cycles while being in contact with NaCl brine. Results showed that the ice content in the specimens increased with subsequent freeze–thaw cycles due to the brine uptake at temperatures below 0 °C. The ability of the hardened cement paste to bind chlorides from the absorbed brine at the same time affected the freezing/melting behavior of the pore solution and the magnitude of the ice content.
Science. Technology. Innovation
Authors: Gokhberg Leonid , Ditkovskiy Kirill , Kotsemir Maxim , Kuznetsova Irina , Lukinova Evgeniya , Martynova Svetlana , Nefedova Alena , Ratay Tatyana , Rosovetskaya Larisa , Sagieva Galina , Streltsova Ekaterina , Suslov Anton , Tarasenko Irina , Fridlyanova Svetlana , Fursov Konstantin , Varzanovtseva Irina
Published: September 2021

The pocket data book contains main indicators characterizing S&T and innovation potential of the Russian Federation. There are the information about intellectual property, S&T output, data of international comparisons given. The data book includes information of the Federal State Statistics Service, Federal Service for Intellectual Property, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Eurostat, UNESCO, World Intellectual Property Organisation, national statistical services of foreign countries, and results of own methodological and analytical studies of the HSE Institute for Statistical Studies and Economics of Knowledge. In some cases, the presented data specify those published earlier.
A systematic literature review into the success rate of discontinuation glucocorticoids after their use as bridging therapy in clinical trials and observational cohorts v1
Authors: not provided l.van_ouwerkerk , Bergstra Sa
Published: September 2021

Objective: To investigate the success rate of GC discontinuation during at least 12 months of follow-up in clinical trials using GC as bridging therapy in newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Methods: A systematic literature searches will be conducted to identify clinical trials including RA patients treated with initial GC bridging with at least 12 months follow-up. Bridging therapy will be defined as tapering within the first 6 months after start of GC and complete discontinuation within one year. After assessment of heterogeneity, a separate meta-analysis will be performed in case at least three studies have the outcome of interest available. Data source: A systematic literature search will be conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, COCHRANE library, Emcare and Academic Search Premier
Unconventional Methods of Non-Destructive Tests. Part 3.
Authors: Rawicki Łukasz
Published: September 2021

The article presents some testing methods applicable in the aviation industry. In addition to popular non-destructive methods, NDT methods used in the aviation industry (and discussed in the article) include optical holography or shearography. Structural materials used in the aviation industry as well as the importance of analyses, both at the manufacturing stage and during operation, require the performance of regular tests as a negligent approach to such activities could end up in a catastrophe.
An examination of career indecision among working adults
Authors:   , Callanan Gerard Augustine , Greenhaus Jeffrey H
Published: September 2021

The career indecision of employed adults was conceptually and empirically examined as part of this study. A preliminary model showing the antecedents and outcomes of career indecision among working adults was proposed and tested. Data gathered from 397 officers, managers, and professional employees in a large banking organization were used to test the model. In total, the study investigated the sources of career indecision, the antecedent factors that influence the construct, the outcomes that are impacted by career indecision, and the subtypes of adult career decidedness and their functionality/favorability in terms of the outcome variables. A set of instruments to assess the presence of career indecision and the sources of career indecision was developed for this research. Various tests indicated a generally satisfactory degree of construct validity, although opportunities for scale improvement were identified. Through the use of factor analysis, seven distinct sources of adult career indecision were isolated. The sources included a lack of self-information, a lack of information on the internal work environment, a lack of information on the external work environment, fear and anxiety, a lack of decision making self-confidence, nonwork demands, and personal/situational conflict. Overall, the seven sources showed a high degree of association with the career indecision component. Among the antecedent variables tested, age and the career management assistance provided by the organization had consistent and significant negative influences on the career indecision construct, while trait anxiety showed significant positive influence. With respect to the proposed outcome variables, career indecision was found to be related to individual job performance, organizational commitment, career satisfaction, future career expectations, and work exploration. In addition, the life stress, promotability, and self-exploration outcomes were found to be related to one or more of the sources of career indecision. Through the use of cluster analysis, six distinct subtypes of career decidedness were isolated. Three subtypes of career indecision were found and classified as chronic, developmental, and a chronic/developmental hybrid. In addition, three categories of career decidedness were discovered and classified as developmental, unconflicted adherence, and vigilant. Overall, it was found that the career indecision subtypes indicated comparatively less favorability in terms of the outcome variables.
EFFECT OF GREEN TEA EXTRACT ON MODULATING THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF STANDARD ANTIBIOTICS AGAINST THE CLINICAL ISOLATES OF Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors:   Magister Student at Faculty of Pharmacy Hasanuddin University, Wahyuni Yuyun Sri ,   Yamasi Pharmacy Academic Makassar, Indonesia, Nainu Firzan ,   Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University Kampus UNHAS Tamalanrea Km.10, Makassar 90245 Indonesia, Sartini Sartini ,   Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University Kampus UNHAS Tamalanrea Km.10, Makassar 90245 Indonesia
Published: September 2021

Most of the clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii are found resistant to the β-lactam antibiotics. This research aimed to determine the ability of green tea extract in modulating the antibacterial activity of standard antibiotics amoxicillin, cefotaxime, and imipenem against the clinical isolates of A. baumannii. The clinical isolates used in this study were collected from the Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Wahidin Sudiro Husodo Hospital Makassar, Indonesia. To determine whether the bacterial isolate is resistant, the experiment was carried out using disk agar diffusion and Vitek-2 methods. Further, the antibacterial activity of the green tea, selected antibiotics, and their combination was determined by using a checkerboard microdilution assay. Results of the study revealed that among the selected two clinical isolates one of the A. baumannii isolates was found resistant to selected standard amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefotaxime, and imipenem, while the other one was found sensitive. Further, green tea extract with a concentration of up to 1.2 mg/ml didn't have any significant effect on the inhibition of A. baumannii growth. Similarly, at the same concentration (1.2 mg/ml) no modulation effect of green tea extract was reported on the antibacterial activity of amoxicillin, cefotaxime, and imipenem against the A. baumannii isolates.
ASSESSMENT OF PROBIOTIC PROPERTIES AND SAFETY OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM SOUTH SULAWESI ETHNIC CHEESE
Authors:   Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Jl. PerintisKemerdekaan No.10, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, 90245, Indonesia, Djide Nana Juniarti Natsir , Yanti Nur Indah ,   Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Jl. PerintisKemerdekaan No.10, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, 90245, Indonesia, Pratiwi Nurul Suci ,   Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Jl. PerintisKemerdekaan No.10, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, 90245, Indonesia, Nuzulia Andi Ainun ,   Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Jl. PerintisKemerdekaan No.10, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, 90245, Indonesia, Asri Rangga Meidianto ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan No.10, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, 90245, Indonesia
Published: September 2021

Probiotic bacteria have been used widely as a functional food and health supplements. The functionality and safety of probiotics are the prerequisites given by WHO (World Health Organization) and FAO (Food Agricultural Organization) before utilizing probiotics. This study focuses on assessing probiotic properties and the safety of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from dangke—traditional cheese of South Sulawesi. In the current study, the assessment of probiotic properties was carried by assessing its tolerance against low pH and bile salts. Safety assessments were divided into two assays viz., susceptibility testing and hemolytic activity. LAB from dangke demonstrated tolerance against low pH, bile salt and susceptibility against four types of antibiotics (ampicillin, cefotaxime, erythromycin, and tetracycline). Unfortunately, resistance towards gentamycin and an -hemolytic activity was observed. This bacterium met the functional criteria from probiotics but failed to meet the safety criteria for probiotic safety.
STABILITY OF THIOAMIDE TYPE OF PIPERINE UNDER ACIDIC AND BASIC CONDITIONS
Authors:   Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia 90245, Hikma Nurul , Yulianty Risfah ,   Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia 90245, Aswad Muhammad ,   Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia 90245
Published: September 2021

Thioamide type of piperine, “thiopiperine” is a derivate of piperine that having high potency against breast cancer cells. This research was intended to evaluate the stability of thiopiperine under highly acidic and basic conditions for 72 h at 60⁰C. This study was conducted by the SHIMADZU® UFLC system integrated with a PDA detector, while the analysis was performed in an isocratic separation mode using column C-18 (COSMOSIL®), 150 mm x 4.6 mm, column particle size: 5 µm. Chromatography condition was set using a mobile phase consisting of 50% aqueous acetonitrile with a flow rate of 1 mL/min, while the detection wavelength was 340 nm. The result showed that thiopiperine undergoes extensive degradation under acidic and basic environments.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ROBUSTA COFFEE (Coffea robusta L.) PEEL EXTRACT AGAINST HUMAN PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
Authors:   Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar-Indonesia, Rante Herlina , . Subehan ,   Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar-Indonesia, Wulandari Retno ,   Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar-Indonesia, Evary Yayu Mulsiani ,   Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar-Indonesia
Published: September 2021

Now in these days infectious diseases seriously affect human health and sometimes these infections might become the cause of human mortality. Most of these infectious diseases are caused by bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Although large numbers of antibiotics are available increasing drug resistance in these microorganisms became a serious matter of concern in the scientific community. There is an urgent need for research on alternate natural products that can manage these pathogenic microorganisms without inducing any resistance. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of Robusta coffee (Coffea robusta L.) fruit peel extract against 5 human pathogenic bacteria i.e. Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and Salmonella thypi NCTC 786. The sample was extracted using the maceration method with methanol as the solvent. The antibacterial activity of fruit peel extract was determined by using the agar diffusion method while the presence of active ingredients was determined by the using TLC-Bioautography assay performed using the mobile phase of n-hexane: ethyl acetate (1 : 3). The results of the study revealed significant antibacterial activity of coffee peel extract against E. coli and B. subtilis with an inhibition zone of 10.15 mm and 10.96 mm, respectively. Furthermore, results of the TLC-Bioautography revealed that the compounds at Rf 0.76 inhibit the growth of E. coli and the compounds at Rf 0.27 inhibit the growth of B. subtilis bacteria. These active spots were suspected to be flavonoid and phenolic compounds, respectively but further confirmation detail study is required in the future.
COMPARISON OF α –GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF Moringa oleifera ETHANOLIC EXTRACT
Authors:   Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, 90245,Indonesia, Alami Rizky Rahmwaty , Rante Herlina ,   Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, 90245,Indonesia, Djabir Yulia Yusrini ,   Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, 90245,Indonesia
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this research was to determine the α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity of Moringa oleifera plant samples collected from the three geographical areas viz., Saragi, Bacuhau, and Batumatongka of Southeast Sulawesi Indonesia. Ethanol extract of Moringa leaves was prepared by the maceration method using 95% ethanol. The estimation of α –glucosidase inhibitory activity of this extract was performed in vitro. The results of the study showed that ethanolic extract of three Moringa samples i.e. Sarangi, Bacuhau, and Batumatongka had the IC50value of 18.62, 10.18, 10.58 ppm, respectively while IC50value for the acarbose positive control was reported 11.54ppm. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that ethanolic extract of Moringa could inhibit α –glucosidase and this potential was similar to the commercial α –glucosidase inhibitor acarbose.
Intersection of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Internet of Things – An Economic Overview
Authors: Manavalan Mani
Published: September 2021

Internet of Things (IoT) has become one of the mainstream advancements and a supreme domain of research for the technical as well as the scientific world, and financially appealing for the business world. It supports the interconnection of different gadgets and the connection of gadgets to people. IoT requires a distributed computing set up to deal with the rigorous data processing and training; and simultaneously, it requires artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to analyze the information stored on various cloud frameworks and make extremely quick and smart decisions w.r.t to data. Moreover, the continuous developments in these three areas of IT present a strong opportunity to collect real-time data about every activity of a business. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning are assuming a supportive part in applications and use cases offered by the Internet of Things, a shift evident in the behavior of enterprises trying to adopt this paradigm shift around the world. Small as well as large-scale organizations across the globe are leveraging these applications to develop the latest offers of services and products that will present a new set of business opportunities and direct new developments in the technical landscape. The following transformation will also present another opportunity for various industries to run their operations and connect with their users through the power of AI, ML, and IoT combined. Moreover, there is still huge scope for those who can convert raw information into valuable business insights, and the way ahead to do as such lies in viable data analytics. Organizations are presently looking further into the data streams to identify new and inventive approaches to elevate proficiency and effectiveness in the technical as well as business landscape. Organizations are taking on bigger, more exhaustive research approaches with the assistance of continuous progress being made in science and technology, especially in machine learning and artificial intelligence. If companies want to understand the valuable capacity of this innovation, they are required to integrate their IoT frameworks with persuasive AI and ML algorithms that allow ’smart devices/gadgets’ to imitate behavioral patterns of humans and be able to take wise decisions just like humans without much of an intervention. Integrating both artificial intelligence and machine learning with IoT networks is proving to be a challenging task for the accomplishment of the present IoT-based digital ecosystems. Hence, organizations should direct the necessary course of action to identify how they will drive value from intersecting AI, ML, and IoT to maintain a satisfactory position in the business in years to come. In this review, we will also discuss the progress of IoT so far and what role AI and ML can play in accomplishing new heights for businesses in the future. Later the paper will discuss the opportunities and challenges faced during the implementation of this hybrid model.
La ecopedagogía en cuestión: una revisión bibliográfica
Authors: Ruiz-Peñalver Soraya María , Porcel-Rodríguez Laura , Ruiz-Peñalver Ana Isabel
Published: September 2021

En una sociedad dinámica y cada vez más globalizada, los contextos educativos han de adaptarse a estas situaciones cambiantes. En este sentido se enmarca la ecopedagogía, una estrategia pedagógica critica que trata de estimular una educación que incentive la concienciación ambiental, la equidad y la justicia social, fomentando el sentimiento de comunidad global. Con esta intención se desarrollo la educación para el desarrollo sostenible (EDS), impulsada por la UNESCO. Sin embargo, en un mundo marcado por el pensamiento neoliberal, esta finalidad se ha traspuesto en prácticas que no profundizan en los problemas planteados por la ecopedagogía, y que, por tanto, distan de estas premisas. A partir de una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre ecopedagogía, el objetivo de este artículo es analizar que se está investigando en este ámbito y como la ecopedagogía se readapta a las necesidades sociales, económicas y ambientales cambiantes. Los principales resultados muestran que la mayoría de las aportaciones tienen un marcado carácter teórico, y muchas de ellas son críticas con el actual contexto educativo. En términos generales, el ámbito académico considera necesaria la inclusión de importantes cambios en el sistema educativo que incluyan los principios originales de la ecopedagogía.