bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Aesthetics of a Three-Way Pattern: The Musical Concept of Talempong Renjeang and The Social System of The People of Luhak Nan Tigo Minangkabau
Authors: Sastra Andar Indra
Published: March 2017

The goal of this article is to discuss the aesthetics of the three-way pattern in the musical concept of  talempong renjeang (tenteng) and the social system of the people of Luhak Nan Tigo Minangkabau. The musical concept of talempong renjeang is formed by 3 (three) pairs of  talempong: talempong Jantan, talempong Paningkah, and talempong Pangawinan. As the ‘leader’, the talempong Jantan maintains the consistency and integrity of the theme and danyuik (tempo) of the playing, the talempong Paningkah follows the lead of the talempong Jantan using different playing motifs, and the talempong Pangawinan has the role and authority to make the guguah (melody) of the talempong complete – creating a three-way aesthetical pattern. The social system of the people of LuhakNan Tigo was created by three legendary figures, namely Dt. Katumangguangan, Dt. Parpatiah Nan Sabatang, and Dt. Nan Sakelap Dunia (RajoBabandiang). From these three figures, the concept of tali tigo sapilin, tungku nan tigo sajarangan was born (a philosophy of harmony). The method used for the research is based on qualitative data which was collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis focuses the talempong renjeang as a musical and the social system of the Minangkabau community which began with two legendary Minangkabau figures. The results of the study show that talempong as a musical system corresponds to, or synchronizes with, the social concept of the people of Luhak Nan Tigo Minangkabau.
ETHYLCELLULOSE FLOATING MICROSPHERES OF ANTIDIABETIC AGENT: IN VITRO AND IN VIVO EVALUATION
Authors: Kohli Seema , Sharma Megha , Pal Abhisek
Published: March 2017

Objective: To develop and evaluate floating type gastro-retentive dosage form, appropriate for controlled release of repaglinide (RG) having a narrow therapeutic window.Methods: Repaglinide loaded microspheres (MS) using biological macromolecule ethylcellulose (EC) was prepared by a solvent diffusion-evaporation technique using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) emulsifier. Compatibility of drug and polymer was studied by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). During formulation, various process optimisation parameters studied were stirring speed, the concentration of drug, polymer and emulsifier. Characterization and in vitro evaluation was performed. In vivo antidiabetic activity was performed on alloxan induced diabetic rats followed by histopathological screening.Results: The average particle size was in the range of 174-243 µm. Yield, entrapment and buoyancy of microspheres were 68.4­­-79.8, 58.6-73.1 and 71.8-84.1% respectively. 65.1% release of drug from optimised formulation was obtained which follows first-order kinetics (r2 = 0.989). Optimised formulation treated group shows significant (p<0.01) decrease in glucose level of blood as compared to pure drug treated group during the later hours of study with satisfactory results of histology.Conclusion: The investigation revealed the promising potential of gastro retentive microspheres for delivering RG for the treatment of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).
METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF EPROSARTAN MESYLATE AND ITS IMPURITIES USING REVERSE PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: Chandana O. S. S. , Kumar D. Sathis , Babu R. Ravichandra
Published: March 2017

Objective: Our main objective is to develop an accurate and precise RP-HPLC method for the determination of Eprosartan Mesylate and its impurities. Methods: A Develosil ODS UG-5; (150 × 4.6) mm; 5 µm column was used for the Separation of drugs by a mobile phase consisting of Buffer and Acetonitrile mixture in the gradient proportion. The flow rate maintained was 0.8 ml/min and the wavelength used for detection was 235 nm.Results: The linearity was observed in the range of 0.025-50µg/ml of spiked impurities in Eprosartan Mesylate, impurity 1 and impurity 2 with a correlation coefficient of 0.99927, 0.99910 and 0.99934 respectively. The mean percentage recoveries for LOQ, 50%, 80%, 100%, 150% and 200% accuracy were found to be 101.5±1.51, 107.0±1.7, 104.6±0.4, 102.8±0.36, 101.7±0.26 and 101.3±0.15 respectively for impurities in Eprosartan Mesylate, impurity 1 and impurity 2. Linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness parameters for the suggested method were estimated for validation.Conclusion: The developed method is uncomplicated, accurate, sensitive and precise for the determination of related substances in the Eprosartan Mesylate. The satisfying % recoveries and low % RSD Values confirmed the suitability of the developed method for the usual analysis of Eprosartan mesylate in pharmaceuticals.
CYTOTOXICITY ACTIVITY OF SOME INDIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS
Authors: Neerugatti Dora Babu , Battu Ganga Rao , Bandla Raviteja
Published: March 2017

Objective: The current study is carried out to evaluate cytotoxicity activity of the methanolic extracts of some medicinal plants (Buchanania axillaris Desr, Tamilnadia ulignosa Retz, Phaseolus semierectus L and Stylosanthes fruticosa Retz).Methods: Cytotoxicity activity was evaluated on human cancer cell lines such as lung cancer (A549) and skin cancer (A431) using MTT assay method.Results: The selected plant extracts showed the dose-dependent cytotoxicity activity on the tested cell lines. The cytotoxicity variations on different cell lines were also observed for tested plants extracts. The cytotoxicity of the extracts was increased as the concentration of them was increased. Among all tested plants extracts Phaseolus semierectus showed the better cytotoxicity activity on tested cell lines.Conclusion: The results of the present study supported the folkloric usage of the studied plants and confirmed that the plant's extracts have the bioactive constituents with cytotoxic properties and their isolation can be useful for developing new anticancer drugs.
ADVERSE DRUG REACTION OF LITHIUM CARBONATE-A REVIEW
Authors: Jankar Bhausaheb B. , Gosavi Devesh D.
Published: March 2017

This study aims to review Lithium-associated ADRs during the treatment and its management. Databases of "Medline", "Google Scholar" and "PubMed" were searched with keywords for studies on ADRs of Lithium. All studies involving safety, monitoring and management of adverse drug reactions of Lithium were included. Most of the studies have reported that up to 50 to 80% of patients develop ADRs on Lithium. Common initial ADRs that develops within 1 w to 6 w are polydipsia and polyuria taken together (50 to 70%) followed by tremors (30 to 60%). GI symptoms (upset, abdominal pain and diarrhoea) up to 30% are other commoner ADRs of Lithium therapy and they mostly disappear later. Weight gain (20 to 50%), Hypothyroidism (14-34%) and Nephrotic diabetes insipidus develop during the long term Lithium therapy. Most of the ADRs are produced even at therapeutic range (0.6–1.2 mEq/l). As serum level increase, i.e. above 1.5 mEq/l, other serious ADRs like muscle fasciculation’s, worsening of tremor, dysarthria, ataxia, EPS, hallucination, and visual disturbances, seizures, coma, and death may be expected. Management of ADRs includes TDM, Dose reduction of Lithium, drugs like diuretics, beta blockers, SR preparations and sometimes withdrawal of the drug. We are concluded that Lithium can cause many ADRs depending upon dose and duration of therapy, hence, the Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Lithium is necessary.
VARIASI TEMPORAL MAKANAN IKAN SEPAT LAYANG (Trichogaster leerii, Blkr. 1852) DI HUTAN RAWA GAMBUT DESA DADAHUP, KALIMANTAN TENGAH
Authors: Zahid Ahmad , Rahardjo MF. , Sukimin Sutrisno , Syafei Lenny S.
Published: February 2017

Changes in habitat quality and resource availability associated with seasonal variation in hydrology strongly influences ecological interactions. The study was conducted from July to December 2007 which aiming to described prey item of Trichogaster leerii in peatswamp forest district of Dadahup, Central Kalimantan based on temporal variation (low and high water period). Each month, research zone, and size classes; the stomach contents on consisted predominantly of periphyton, such as Diatoma; Fragillaria; Nitzschia; Navicula; and Tabellaria. Diatoma was the dominance in the stomach contents and prey-selectively ingested of T. leerii. Size classes-based, the diet of T. leerii was least similar during falling and rising water. Feeding strategy of T. leerii was generalized. No different of diet breadth during the low- and the high-water period. Diet overlap between pairs of size classes of T. leerii was high in low- and high water period.
PENGUJIAN EFEKTIVITAS BEBERAPA ISOLAT CENDAWAN MIKORIZA ARBUSKULA (CMA) TERHADAP BIBIT PISANG (Musa AAB RAJA NANGKA) ASAL KULTUR JARINGAN
Authors: Rainiyati Rainiyati , Chozin Chozin , Sudarsono Sudarsono , Mansur Mansur
Published: February 2017

An experiment to investigate the affectivity five isolat of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) on the growth of banana (Musa sp.) obtained from tissue culture had been conducted at the Plant Biotechnology laboratory, Glasshouse, and Experimental farm of the Faculty of Agriculture Jambi University. The results showed that there were five mycorrhizal isolates that can be tested for their affectivity on banana seedlings. The growth responses of the seedlings inoculated with AMF was higher than those non-inoculated seedlings due to higher rate of nutrient uptake. Each kind of AMF possesses different level of effectiveness on banana seedling. The application of single isolate Glomus sp-1 at acclimatization time resulted that highest effectiveness.
PEMBUATAN PUPUK BOKASHI DARI SAMPAH LINGKUNGAN BERDASARKAN RANCANGAN PERCOBAAN CAMPURAN YANG OPTIMUM PADA MODEL PERMUKAAN MULTIRESPON
Authors: Ruslan Ruslan , Linuwih Susanti , Purhadi Purhadi , Sunaryo Sony , Nurhatika Sri
Published: February 2017

Environment waste arround ITS college such as waste of Trembesi leaves, Sono leaves, and Satintail at this research will be used as part of materials of Bokashi fertilizer producing. The first aim of this research produced Bokashi fertilizer in various proportion waste of Trembesi leaves, Sono leaves, and Satintail with other materials proportion which has been assumed to be constant based on development of optimum mixture design of multiresponse surface theory by D-optimum criterion. The second aim of this research was compared 5:3:1:1 composition from reference to 5:2:1:2 composition from researcher hypothesis with proportion of waste of Trembesi leaves, Sono leaves, and Satintail as independent variables to N, P, and K percentation as response variables. Optimum mixture designs of multiresponse surface model will be optimum if it weighted w = 1 / qs means the each point of experiment will be given s-replications as much as proportion number of experiment point to number of component. The 5:2:1:2 and 5:3:1:1 compositions of Bokashi fertilizer producing are not statistically difference, therefore both compositions can be used to produce Bokashi fertilizer.
DAMPAK PEMANENAN KAYU DENGAN TEKNIK REDUCED IMPACT LOGGING TERHADAP KERUSAKAN TEGAKAN SISA DI HUTAN ALAM
Authors: Muhdi Muhdi
Published: February 2017

This research examined the effect of Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) to residual stand damages in natural tropical forest, West Kalimantan. The effect of Reduced Impact Logging to residual stand were studied using the data of three plots with each size 100 m × 100 m are placed based on random at landing, middle skiddtrail and tips of skiddtrail, respectively. The objective of this research is to know the effect of reduced impact logging to residual stand damages in tropical forest. The results of the research showed that that the potency of commercial timber species in conventional timber harvesting and RIL were as follow 408 N/ha and 432 N/ha. The degree of residual stand damages based on tree population and stage of vegetation development in conventional timber harvesting and RIL was as follow: for seedlings 34.42% and 23.17%, for saplings 35.13% and 21.72%, for poles and trees 33.15% and 19.53%. Based on the size injury of every individual tree, the degree of the trees damages caused by timber harvesting in conventional timber harvesting and RIL was as follow: trees heavy injury 64.66% and 57.20%, trees medium injury 20.30% and 24.00%, and trees light injury 15.03% and 18.80%. The most type stand damage are the falling dawn 36.84% and 32.01% and broken trees 22.78% and 21.25%. These researches indicated that conventional timber harvesting in the tropical natural forest caused heavier damage on residual stand when compared with a Reduced Impact Logging.
PENGGUNAAN ANTIMIKROBA DARI ISOLAT Lactobacillus TERSELEKSI SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGAWET ALAMI UNTUK MENGHAMBAT PERTUMBUHAN VIBRIO SP. DAN Staphylococcus aureus PADA FILLET IKAN KAKAP
Authors: Yulinery Titin , Petria I.Y. , Nurhidayat Novik
Published: February 2017

The fillet of kakap fish is easy to spoil, because of bacteria deterioration. Antimicrobes produced by Lactobacillus is one of save alternatives. The aim of this research was to know the potency of antimicrobes produced by the selected Lactobacillus to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria that contaminated the kakap fillet such as Vibrio sp. and S. aureus. Selected Lactobacillus had been done by the variation of temperature treatments. Diffusion method was used to mesure the wide of clear zone made by Vibrio sp.and S. aureus. In application, antimicrobe solution of selected microbes was used for soaking the kakap fillet, then the bacteria grown were counted on the beginning and the seventh day. The result shown that the wide of the inhibition area on Vibrio sp. was wider compare to the inhibition area made by S. aureus of kakap fillet. At treatment of temperature, antimicrobe solution remain to be active, only its resistivity depend on stability of antimicrobe yielded by selected Lactobacillus. For application used the antimicrobe produced by Lactobacillus (Mar 8) could inhibit the growth of Vibrio sp. and S. aureus on the 0 day and the seventh day, so that compound of antimicrobe can be used as natural preservative at fish product.
Studi Keanekaragaman Reptil dan Amfibi di Kawasan Ekowisata Linggo Asri, Pekalongan, Provinsi Jawa Tengah
Authors: Eprilurahman Rury , Hilmy Muhammad Fahrul , Qurniawan Tony Febri
Published: February 2017

Penelitian keanekaragaman dan kemelimpahan herpetofauna telah dilakukan dalam upaya mendukung kelestarian herpetofauna di kawasan ekowisata Linggo Asri. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal 10–23 Juli 2009 secara aktif nokturnal dan diurnal dengan menggunakan metode purpossive sampling yang terpusat di empat lokasi kajian. Selanjutnya hasil yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan indeks keanekaragaman Shanon & Wiener dan indeks kemerataan Simpson. Total telah ditemukan sebanyak 20 jenis herpetofauna terdiri atas 10 jenis amfibia, 7 jenis lasertilia dan 3 jenis ophidia. Jenis tersebut antara lain yaitu: Fejervarya limnocharis, Fejervarya cancrivora, Occydozyga sumatrana, Occydozyga lima, Hylarana chalconota, Huia masonii, Limnonectes macrodon, Microhyla achatina, Phrynoidis aspera, Polypedates leucomystax, Bronchocela jubata, Eutropis multifasciata, Dasia olivacea, Hemidactylus platyurus, Hemidactylus frenatus, Hemidactylus garnoti, Cyrtodactylus marmoratus, Ahaetula prasina, Oligodon purpurascens, dan Rhabdophis chrysargos. Diketahui dari jenis-jenis tersebut dua jenis yaitu Huia masonii dan Microhyla achatina merupakan endemik Jawa. Hasil analisis didapatkan nilai indeks keanekeragaman sebesar 2,93 di mana tergolong tinggi. Sedangkan indeks kemerataan sebesar 0,43 yang menandakan persebaran herpetofauna di kawasan ekowisata Linggo Asri tidak merata dan terkonsentrasi beberapa titik. Tipe vegetasi dan ketinggian tempat merupakan faktor ekologi utama yang mempengaruhi penyebaran herpetofauna di kawasan ekowisata Linggo Asri.
DAYA ANTIMIKROBA EKSTRAK Lecythophora sp., ENDOFIT YANG DIISOLASI DARI Alyxia reinwardtii
Authors: Sugijanto Noor Erma , Putra H. , Pritayuni F. , Albathaty N. , Zaini Noor Cholies
Published: February 2017

The antimicrobial potential of two endophytic fungi isolated from Alyxia reinwardtii BL, towards selected bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Bacillus subtilis FNCC 0059, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Salmonella typhi) and fungi (Candida albicans) was tested using ethyl acetate, n-hexane and n-buthanol extracts of fungi cultivated under malt extract liquid fermentation. The extracts were evaluated for its antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion method followed its MIC by agar dilution. Bioautography assay for activity-directed fractionation were also conducted against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. Streptomycin sulphate and myconazole used as reference standards. Lecythophora sp. strain 30.1 and 30.5 have broad spectrum antimicrobial activity and a potential source of new classes of antibiotics that could be useful for medicines and biological control agents.
BIOLOGI REPRODUKSI IKAN JUARO (Pangasius polyuranodon) DI DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI MUSI, SUMATRA SELATAN
Authors: Ernawati Yunizar , Prianto Eko , Ma'suf A.
Published: February 2017

Study on biology reproduction was expected to give basic information for management, such as for aquaculture, capture fisheries and conservation of P. polyuranodon in Musi river. Sampling were conducted on June 2006, August 2006, January 2007, and July 2007 in Musi river by using gillnet. Data analysis included length-weight relationship, sex ratio, condition factor, gonad maturity stage, Gonadosomatic Index (GSI), fecundity, and spawning type. Total number of collected P. polyuranodon was 51, consisted of 23 male and 28 female. Total length of fish was ranged in 85–511 mm. Length-weight relationship of male and female was W = 0.00002L2.8062 and W = 0.0002L2.8215 respectively. The result from t-test analysis showed that both of sexes have allometric negative growth. Sex ratio thoroughly was balance (1:1). Mean of factor condition relatively increased by the increasing of gonad maturity stage. At that time P. polyuranodon was entering spawning time. June and August was predicted as the spawning time of this species. Gonadosomatic index of female was much higher than the male. Fecundity of female was ranged between 616 and 7,059. Based on distribution of egg diameter, this species was total spawner.
Authors: Goodwin Harold
Published: February 2017

This has been a personal journey, one that has enabled me, with many others, to explore the concept of responsibility, to apply it in the context of tourism and to explore its relevance in a number of different societies. I have sought to report here on the development of a broad movement in thinking about how to address the consumption of tourism, and how responsibility can be taken by individuals and groups in businesses, communities and local government, encouraged and supported by their peers. Above all, I have tried to emphasise that with opportunity comes the responsibility to act. In many other areas of concern, from banking and politics to fishing and farming, we need more responsible approaches. Responsibility is free. We can have as much of it as we can handle: we can all take some; we can all take more; we should all take some.
Authors: Goodwin Harold
Published: February 2017

Although Responsible Tourism and the sustainability agenda cannot be reduced to the green agenda, the environmental challenges that confront us are pressing and serious, and will become more pressing as we encounter the limits to growth. Inevitably, this chapter addresses climate change and tourism, but the environmental agenda is not exclusively about the use of fossil fuels and emissions of greenhouse gases. There are other issues which must also be considered. Tourism, like other industries, causes pollution – light and noise, solid and liquid waste, and through the consumption of water and fossil fuels – and it destroys natural habitats through infrastructure development and use of construction materials. Species are consumed as souvenirs and food, and tourism may introduce exotics – invasive flora and fauna which may negatively affect the local ecology. The leisure and recreational activities of tourists – skiing, climbing, diving, wildlife viewing, snorkelling, yachting and a host of others – all have environmental impacts which need to be managed. In theory, tourism can contribute to conservation and the maintenance of biodiversity, but ecotourism remains little more than a good idea. There are major gains to be had by greening businesses but the case for certification, or green labelling, is less robust. The chapter concludes by looking at recent campaigns on animal welfare and asking what responsible aviation might look like.
Authors: Goodwin Harold
Published: February 2017

Tourism is about travel, the experiences that travel offers of other people and their places, but fundamentally it is business. It is primarily through business, not only but primarily, that communities benefit from tourism. Some travellers will protest that they are not tourists, that they don’t use travel agents and tour operators – but they do use the same tourism services as holidaymakers: aircraft, buses, trains and taxis, and generally they pay for accommodation whether camping, staying in a B&B or booking through Airbnb – they recognise their heritage in the company name.
Authors: Goodwin Harold
Published: February 2017

Tourism is inherently neither good nor bad – though the word ‘tourist’ has a pejorative edge to it and most of us would rather see ourselves as travellers or visitors. Tourism is used to describe both the human activity, the experience, and the services which facilitate it; it has positive and negative impacts. And tourism is what we make of it – individually and collectively, as businesses and as tourists. In buying a tourism experience, whether as a package or constructing it ourselves, we purchase accommodation, transport and activities which allow us to experience ano ther place. Then there are the consumer goods: accommodation, food and beverage, entertainment, souvenirs, entrance fees, guiding and a wide range of other goods and services. Responsible Tourism is one response to the challenge of sustainability for a particular area of consumption; it is about taking responsibility for making the consumption and production of tourism more sustainable. Sustainability is the goal: a goal which encompasses economic, social and environmental objectives. It is by taking responsibility and acting that sustainability can be achieved. Sustainability is the objective, responsibility is the means.
Authors: Goodwin Harold
Published: February 2017

To experience a different place, to see other peoples’ places and how they live there, is a major generator of travel and tourism. The celebration of, and respect for, diversity are fundamental to Responsible Tourism. Article 1 of the UN World Tourism Organization’s Global Code of Ethics for Tourism asserts the importance of an “attitude of tolerance and respect for the diversity of religious, philosophical and moral beliefs”, as “both the foundation and the consequence of responsible tourism”. It calls on stakeholders in tourism, including the tourists, to “observe the social and cultural traditions and practices of all peoples”. The world’s destinations reflect our planet’s ecological and socio-cultural diversity. Responsible Tourism places importance on all three pillars of sustainable development – economic, social and environmental – and accepts that the priorities will vary from place to place. We take our holidays in other peoples’ places, their places; it is for the people who live there to determine their priorities. Unfortunately there is often an imbalance of power, and the interests of the tourists and the businesses which cater to them can distort local priorities in favour of the visitors over the visited, in favour of the travel and tourism sector over other groups.
Authors: Goodwin Harold
Published: February 2017

It is generally assumed that there is a large positive economic impact from tourism, oft-claimed to be the world’s largest industry. Economic benefits may include foreign exchange ‘hard currency’ earnings; taxation revenue; modernisation through infrastructure development and contact with the international economy; and increased local demand for goods and services, which creates business opportunities and employment. The adage “it is not tourism until it is sold” is an important reminder that tourism is both an experience and a commercial activity. But there are also negative economic impacts to be considered.
Authors: Goodwin Harold
Published: February 2017

Tourism has positive and negative impacts. With scant attention on the ground often accorded to the negative impacts, and a great deal of emphasis on the positive benefit, too little thought is given to the net benefit, and who captures it. Tourism cannot be isolated from other economic sectors, and the tourism sector is only part of the economic and social activity occurring in a particular local environment. It is a central tenet of Responsible Tourism that sustainability is a local challenge: it is a challenge nearly everywhere but the solutions are local. Responsible Tourism is about engaging with the particular issues that arise in particular places as a consequence of tourism. If sustainability is about balancing the needs of environment, communities, visitors and the tourism sector, the optimal balance will be determined in destinations by the people who live there. That said, it is important to learn from experience elsewhere.
Novas perspectivas para o design: designers como agentes de desenvolvimento local
Authors: Prestes Maíra Gomes , Figueiredo Luiz Fernando Gonçalves
Published: February 2017

A crise do determinismo e do pensamento linear nos situa em um período de transição: dos mitos de dominação e progresso produtivista para a busca por inovação e cenários futuros de sustentabilidade. Dentro desse contexto, o desenvolvimento local ganha espaço, porque estimula produções locais, ao mesmo tempo em que satisfaz a necessidade de indivíduos de perpetuar tradições e serem reconhecidos por suas identidades. Designers, como os profissionais que fazem interface entre produção/consumo, encontram novas direções em sua atuação, tornando-se capazes de desenvolver sistemas que incentivam pessoas a expressar suas capacidades, ao invés de permanecerem focados em um consumo crescente de produtos. O artigo descreve, através de revisão bibliográfica e abordagem sistêmica, designers como agentes de desenvolvimento local. Para tanto, reporta projetos do Núcleo de Abordagem Sistêmica do Design, da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brasil, conectada à rede internacional DESIS. Como resultados, são identificados a abordagem sistêmica, design gráfico/embalagem e cocriação como indutores de motivação social, competitividade de mercado e aprendizagem. Por fim, é possível concluir que a ação do design junto a grupos humanos facilita mudança, devido sua capacidade de criar redes e soluções sistêmicas, que podem ser os primeiros passos em direção a uma sociedade sustentável.
Inovação através do design: princípios sistêmicos do pensamento projetual
Authors: Porto Renata Gastal
Published: February 2017

Este artigo trata da utilização do Design como um instrumento, um gerador de diferencial competitivo, a serviço da inovação. Em um primeiro momento são revisados conceitos gerais de inovação e específicos a partir da visão do Design. A seguir, é abordada a utilização do Design Thinking como orientação para inovação através da visão interdisciplinar e sistêmica. Esta natural visão holística e focada no usuário, própria do design desde suas origens, evolui em direção à inovação social com o uso de comunidades criativas no desenvolvimento de projetos colaborativos. Para exemplificar são utilizados dois estudos de caso, o da lavadora SuperPop, com ênfase na redução de custo do produto com base na visão sistêmica, e o Projeto Tranças da Terra, que se utiliza da valorização histórico-cultural da região, em ordem de promover qualidade a seus produtos no mercado local em forma de inovação social.
Estudos gráficos de artefatos arqueológicos na composição de marcas regionais para projetos de design.
Authors: Luiz de Sousa Richard Perassi
Published: February 2017

 Este artigo interpreta e classifica grafismos contemporâneos desenvolvidos com base em artefatos, “zoólitos”, encontrados nos sítios arqueológicos (sambaquis) do Estado de Santa Catarina. A Teoria da Forma e a classificação de grafismos são consideradas na interpretação das representações gráficas. Por suas características formais e figurativas e por sua relação com a cultura regional, os grafismos são também apresentados como marcas regionais para serem utilizadas em projetos de Design.
O design e a valorização da identidade local
Authors: Franck Pichler Rosimeri , Iuva de Mello Carolina
Published: February 2017

Este artigo pretende analisar relações entre identidade local e o design, evidenciando a importância de se levar a cultura local em consideração durante o processo de design. Toda cultura depende de símbolos e os objetos podem ser considerados signos culturais. Assim, os artefatos produzidos pelo design passam a compor a cultura material de determinado local, pois congregam símbolos, informações e comportamentos da cultura na qual estão inseridos. A identidade cultural é o que mantém o indivíduo pertencente a determinado local ou lugar e, ao se utilizar de referências culturais em seus projetos, o designer desperta emoção e sentimentos nos consumidores, aproximando-os do objeto em questão. Esta relação já foi explorada por designers brasileiros e alguns exemplos são apresentados para o leitor. Pode-se afirmar, portanto, que o design é fator crucial no intercâmbio econômico e cultural e que a tendência da valorização do local deve ser utilizada para se criar diferenciais competitivos e atributos de valor simbólico aos produtos, mantendo as culturas tradicionais vivas e integradas ao mundo contemporâneo.
Design de um produto de tecnologia assistiva voltado para auxílio da atividade de alimentação infantil
Authors: Silva Roseane Santos da , Romano Fabiane Vieira , Battistel Amara Lúcia Holanda Tavares
Published: February 2017

No presente trabalho propõe-se conhecer as dificuldades reais de uma criança com deficiência, trabalhando conjuntamente com a terapia ocupacional no sentido de criar um produto que auxilie no processo de aprendizado de alguma tarefa cotidiana e, por conseguinte proporcione o pleno desenvolvimento desse indivíduo. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa de referencial teórico sobre o design de produtos, o desenvolvimento de produtos na ótica do design social, bem como informações sobre tecnologia assistiva focando as atividades básicas da vida diária e o desenvolvimento infantil. Propõe-se a formulação de um processo de projeto de produtos embasado em algumas metodologias existentes. São realizadas análises, determinando os usuários e os requisitos para o produto, começa, então a geração de alternativas através de desenhos, croquis e mocapes, culmina com a escolha do tipo de produto que irá ser desenvolvido. Só então todas as configurações do produto são detalhadas tendo em vista, em todos os momentos o foco que são usuários diretos. Por fim, o modelo volumétrico foi desenvolvido em software um 3D e posteriormente no modelo funcional que foi entregue a usuária principal, a fim que ocorra o uso continuado.
Gerenciando equipes de design interna e externa no processo de desenvolvimento de produtos: caso de duas empresas calçadistas do sul do Brasil.
Authors: Capra Andréa , Bernardes Maurício Moreira e Silva
Published: February 2017

Esse artigo trata da inserção do design no processo de desenvolvimento de produtos em duas empresas da indústria calçadista da região do Vale do Paranhana, no Rio Grande do Sul. Essas empresas podem trabalhar com diferentes tipos de equipes, interna, externa ou mista e, entender as vantagens e desvantagens de cada tipo de equipe é fundamental ao determinar a melhor opção para a empresa. Porém, pouco tem-se estudado buscando essa relação entre equipes de design e desenvolvimento de produtos. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do estudo foi analisar o gerenciamento de equipes de design, interna e externa, no processo de desenvolvimento de produtos de empresas da indústria calçadista. Para isso, um estudo de caso foi realizado através da análise do caso de uma empresa que trabalhava com os dois tipos de equipes. Com a realização desta pesquisa, foi possível estudar a forma de atuação e gerenciamento das equipes interna e externa de design no processo de desenvolvimento de produtos. Os resultados indicam que diferenças nas formas de atuação e gerenciamento de cada equipe estão relacionados com a autonomia decisória conferida para equipe no início do desenvolvimento de novos projetos.
Fatores críticos de sucesso para a colaboração no design de sistemas produto-serviço
Authors: Fontana Isabela Mantovani , Heemann Adriano , Ferreira Marcelo Gitirana Gomes
Published: February 2017

Este artigo enfoca o desenvolvimento de fatores críticos de sucesso (FCS) para a colaboração no design de Sistemas Produto-Serviço (PSS – product-service systems). Apresentam-se como necessários os FCS para a colaboração entre indivíduos, de diferentes áreas e procedências, participantes na concepção de um PSS, já que esta é uma nova forma de projetar, em que são integradas diversas questões (econômicas, ambientais e sociais), trazendo a necessidade da colaboração de diversas áreas de conhecimento e fontes de informações, para que a aplicação de PSS torne-se mais efetiva e aceita pela sociedade. Neste contexto, a motivação para a realização desta pesquisa, surgiu pelo interesse em relação a soluções projetuais que minimizem os impactos negativos causados ao meio ambiente, sociedade e economia unidas à visão de um processo colaborativo de design, acreditando na relevância em identificar estes FCS para a colaboração no design de PSS. Esta pesquisa apresenta uma estrutura com os FCS encontrados e validados, direcionados a interessados na concepção de PSS. Esses FCS contribuem para nortear o processo colaborativo de concepção de PSS. Tal auxílio, por sua vez, pode culminar em sucesso deste tipo de projeto em uma sociedade que ruma ao consumo sustentável.
Being both: Gender and indigeneity in two Pacific documentary films
Authors: Woodward Suzanne
Published: March 2017

Transgender is a term originating from a particularly Western discourse of restrictive gender identity that struggles to account for diverse gender identities. Several non-Western cultures, however, especially indigenous cultures, have quite different and varied understandings of gender. Diverse approaches to gender have been framed through dominant Euro-Christian discourses as deviant, immoral and inferior—part of the dangerous alternative knowledge of indigenous cultures that colonialism worked so hard and so violently to eradicate. It is only recently that non-dominant gender discourses have begun visibly and vocally to re-assert themselves as viable and valuable alternatives to the orthodox narratives of pathology and deviance dominating Western gender discussions. The development of an alternative and more celebratory approach to gender diversity can be perceived through two notable documentary films from the Pacific: Georgie Girl (Goldson & Wells, 2002) and Kumu Hina (Hamer & Wilson, 2014). Rather than starting from a position that sees gender variance as a depressing problem, these stories offer the possibility of re-appropriating transgender as not only normal, but precious.
Six Minute Walk Distance and Reference Equations in Normal Healthy Subjects of Nepal
Authors: Shrestha S.K. , Srivastava B.
Published: February 2017

Background The self-paced six minute walk test is a simple assessment for sub-maximal functional capacity. It correlates well with sophisticated tests and gives good prediction for morbidity, mortality, quality of life and pulmonary functions.Objective To evaluate six minute walk distance in healthy adults to identify reference values and formulate reference equations.Method We conducted six minute walk test on 250 random volunteers at and above 18 years of age as per standard protocol. Age, gender, height and weight were measured. Pre-test and post-test vital parameters were recorded including pulse oximetry. The six minute walking distance was identified in all subjects. Multiple regression analysis was done to formulate regression equations to predict six minute walking distance. This also correlated age, gender, height, weight, body mass index with six minute walking distance.Result The mean six minute walking distance was 489±86 meters with males walking 509±82 meters and females 445±78 meters. Age, gender, weight and body mass index had significant contribution for prediction of six minute walking distance. Gender was the single most important predictor. Height had the least significance. Depending on coefficients of these variables we formulated three regression equations and tested them for accurate prediction. The two best equations were identified as: Predicted SMWD = 395–1.5xAge+2.47xWT–35.89xGender and Predicted SMWD = 440–1.82xAge–53.07xGender+5.12xBMI.Conclusion Gender, age and height are the most important predictors of six minute walking distance. Reference values and equations for both genders, different age groups with varying weights were derived for local population.
A Prospective Study on Exchange Transfusion in Neonatal Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia – in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Nepal
Authors: Malla T. , Singh S. , Poudyal P. , Sathian B. , BK G. , Malla K.K.
Published: February 2017

Background An exchange transfusion involves replacing patient’s blood with donor blood in order to remove abnormal blood components and circulating toxins while maintaining adequate circulating blood volume.Objective To observe the incidence, causes of jaundice requiring Exchange and any adverse event of exchange transfusion in newborns with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia.Method Prospective study undertaken at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal from March 2014 to April 2015. For both mothers and neonates blood group and Rh typing and for all newborns pre and post exchange complete blood count with peripheral smear, serum bilirubin, hemoglobin, calcium, potassium, random blood sugar, C-reactive protein and blood culture and where ever required Direct Coombs test, reticulocyte count, G6PD activity and thyroid function test were done. The incidence, indications, positive outcome, complications and mortality were noted.Result Out of 481 cases of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia 29(6%) required exchange transfusion. 55.2% Pathological Jaundice [13.8% ABO incompatibility, sepsis and hypothyroidism was commonest causes] and 44.8% exaggerated physiological jaundice [27.6% with no underlying pathology, 10.3% preterms 3.4% cephalhematoma] required exchange transfusion. Post transfusion, bilirubin level decreased significantly (p<0.001). The commonest adverse events noted were anemia (89.7% / p<0.018), hyperglycemia(51.7% / p<0.001), hypocalcaemia (48.3% /p<0.001)), sepsis(10.3%), hypernatremia (13.8%), hyperkalaemia, bradycardia, apnea and feed intolerance (6.9%). None of them had kernicterus and there was no mortalities.Conclusion Exchange transfusion is an effective procedure to decrease bilirubin levels but is associated with many complications. Hypothyroidism was one of the commonest cause of jaundice requiring Exchange transfusion.
Study to Compare and Evaluate Traditional vs. Endoscopic Septoplasty
Authors: Shrestha I. , Pokharel M. , Dhakal A. , Amatya R.C.M.
Published: February 2017

Background Surgery on a deviated septum has seen several modifications since its inception starting from radical septal resection to preservation of the possible septal framework.Objective To compare the efficacies of “Endoscope Septoplasty” over “Traditional Septoplasty” in treating pathological septum and turbinates, in terms of their outcome.Method Prospective descriptive study conducted on 60 patients who presented to the Department of ENT, Kathmandu University School of Medical sciences during a period of two years. The severity of the symptoms of the patients was scored using a visual analogue scale which was compared post operatively to subjectively evaluate the efficacy of either surgery. Objective assessment was done by nasal endoscopy. P value in case of subjective and objective evaluation was done by applying Z- test.Result The mean age ± SD was 29.5±1.2 .Maximum patients fell into age group of 21-30 with 31.7 % followed by 11-20 with 28.3% and then 31-40 with 25 %. There were total 35 males (58.3%) and 25 females (41.7%). Among the symptoms, nasal obstruction seems to be dominating with total of 83.3%, followed by postnasal drip with 66.6% and then headache with 60%. The types of dislocation was compared, there were 66.7% cases with DNS and Spur whereas only 10 % with isolated spur. C shaped deformity was seen in 30% and S shaped in 26.6 % cases. Significance in Z test, is seen in subjective assessment post surgery for nasal obstruction, headache and rhinorrhea and for objective assessment post surgery for persistent contact with turbinates. (p value set to 0.01)Conclusion Endoscopic surgery is an evolutionary step towards solving the problems related to deviated nasal septum. It is safe, effective and conservative alternative to conventional septal surgery.
Reliability and Validity of a Nepali-language Version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)
Authors: Risal A. , Manandhar K. , Linde M , Koju R. , Steiner T.J. , Holen A.
Published: February 2017

Background In several languages and settings, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) has demonstrated reliable and valid screening properties in psychiatry.Objective To develop a Nepali version of HADS with acceptable reliability and construct validity for use among hospital patients and in the general population.Method The original English version was translated into Nepali using a forward-backward translation protocol. Psychometric properties were tested by factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha. The translated scale was administered to three groups of adult in-patients in a university hospital in three trials, and to a sample of adults from the community in a fourth trial. Some of the 14 items were reworded reiteratively to achieve viable semantic and statistical solutions.Results The two-factor solution with anxiety and depression subscales eventually explained 40.3% of the total variance. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.76 for anxiety (HADS-A) and 0.68 for depression (HADS-D). All seven HADS-A items showed at least acceptable item-to-factor correlations (range 0.44-0.74), and full construct validity was achieved for this subscale. Item-to-factor correlations for six HADS-D items were also at least acceptable (range 0.42-0.70); one item (D4) had persistently low correlations throughout all trials, although construct validity was still satisfactory.Conclusion Reiterated rewording of items guided by statistical testing resulted in a Nepali version of HADS with satisfactory psychometric properties.
Can Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy be a Feasible Standard in a Rural set up too? - An Experience of 348 cases from a Peripheral set up of Western Nepal
Authors: Shrestha A.L. , Shrestha P. , Brown D.
Published: February 2017

Background Gall stone disease is a common reason for admissions in both acute and elective situations and bears significant morbidity in the rural population of western Nepal. The earlier conventional open method of treatment for the same seems to have been largely seeded by the laparoscopic approach owing to its numerous benefits.Objective To study the clinical profile of patients with symptomatic gall stones with respect to demography and to assess the feasibility of using Laparoscopic cholecystectomy as the next standard in this set up too as guided by the outcome in terms of complications, conversion rates and potential impact it bears on the health and socioeconomic status in this group.Method A retrospective analysis of all the patients undergoing an attempted laparoscopic cholecystectomy from 1st Jestha 2068 to 30th Jestha 2070 was done. Relevant medical records were reviewed to study demography, various indications for operations, intra operative events including conversions and complications.Result Of 348 patients 293(84.19%) were females and 55(15.80%) were males. The mean age was 38.46 years (range 15-76 years). Most of the patients belonged to the Palpa district of Lumbini zone and many were from other surrounding areas. Gall stone disease was commonest in people of Brahmin ethnicity. The operating time was <2 hours for most and most had an uneventful recovery with a mean hospital stay of 3.8 days. The rate of conversion to open cholecystectomy was 6.9% (24 out of 348 patients). Post operative complications were noted in 5 patients (1.42%). Of these 1 sustained a major bile duct injury (0.28%) requiring immediate conversion and repair, 3 had post operative bilioma and 1 had diffuse bleeding from the gall bladder fossa all requiring re explorations. There was no mortality in this study.Conclusion Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a safe, reliable and a promising option even in the rural peripheral set up. Due to its well known advantages and superiority over the open conventional method and considering the impact that it holds on the overall outcome, morbidity, health and socioeconomic status of the rural population, it can be recommended as an acceptable feasible standard in rural peripheral set up.
BK Virus Associated Nephropathy, a Cause of Early Renal Allograft Dysfunction: A Single Centre Study
Authors: Shrestha S. , Kerr P.G. , Kanellis J. , Polkinghorne K.R. , Brown F. , Yii M. , Mulley W.
Published: February 2017

Background BK virus associated nephropathy (BKVN) is an important cause of early graft dysfunction in renal transplant recipients. The present study was carried out to determine the burden of BKVN in a single renal transplant centre in Australia.Method A retrospective analysis of de novo renal transplant recipients from 2010 to 2013 was performed to identify biopsy proven BKVN. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was compared at baseline, at BKVN diagnosis and 3 and 12 months post-diagnosis.Result Of the 317 de novo renal transplants recipients in the study period, 20 (6.3%) developed BKVN. The mean age was 54.8 ± 13.1 years and 13 (65%) were male. The mean time from transplant to BKVN was 8.7 ± 6.7 months with 17 (85%) diagnosed within 12 months. Four recipients each were diagnosed BKVN on 3 and 12 month surveillance biopsy. Six (30%) had normal eGFR at diagnosis. Mean eGFR at diagnosis was 38.8 ± 19.2 ml/min/1.73 m2, which was significantly lower (p < 0.01) than that at baseline (50.3 ± 16.4 ml/min/1.73 m2). eGFR improved numerically at 3 and 12 months post-diagnosis, however the difference was not significant. One patient had graft failure, 19 months after diagnosis.Conclusion BKVN generally occurs in first post-transplant year and is an important cause of early graft dysfunction. Surveillance biopsy helps in detecting subclinical BKVN.