bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Importance of Preprocessing in Histopathology Image Classification Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: ŞENGÖZ Nilgün , YİĞİT Tuncay , ÖZMEN Özlem , ISIK Ali Hakan
Published: January 2022

The aim of this study is to propose an alternative and hybrid solution method for diagnosing the disease from histopathology images taken from animals with paratuberculosis and intact intestine. In detail, the hybrid method is based on using both image processing and deep learning for better results. Reliable disease detection from histopathology images is known as an open problem in medical image processing and alternative solutions need to be developed. In this context, 520 histopathology images were collected in a joint study with Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology. Manually detecting and interpreting these images requires expertise and a lot of processing time. For this reason, veterinarians, especially newly recruited physicians, have a great need for imaging and computer vision systems in the development of detection and treatment methods for this disease. The proposed solution method in this study is to use the CLAHE method and image processing together. After this preprocessing, the diagnosis is made by classifying a convolutional neural network supported by the VGG-16 architecture. This method uses completely original dataset images. Two types of systems were applied for the evaluation parameters. While the F1 Score was 93% in the method classified without data preprocessing, it was 98% in the method that was preprocessed with the CLAHE method.
Intelligent Digital Twin to make Robot Learn the Assembly process through Deep Learning
Authors: Bilal Ahmad
Published: January 2022

The objective of this paper is to utilize deep learning technology to develop an intelligent digital twin for the operational support of a human-robot assembly station. Digital twin, as a virtual portrayal, is used to design, simulate, and optimize the complexity of the assembly system. For testing purposes, a convolutional neural network (CNN) is integrated with a digital twin. It is used for the application of a collaborative robot for an assembly application. Collaborative robots are a new form of industrial robots that are safe for humans and can work alongside humans and have received ample attraction in recent years for automation of simple to complex tasks.
Studi Pemantauan Kampanye Digital para Kandidat dalam Pilkada 2020 Kabupaten Bantul di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Khatami Muhammad Iqbal , Pahlevi Moch Edward Trias , Amrurobbi Azka Abdi
Published: January 2022

Holding regional head elections during a pandemic presents many challenges for the Indonesian people in holding a democratic party. This is due to the implementation of the 2020 Pilkada during the Covid-19 pandemic with the threat of a dangerous virus that can kill humans. This research was conducted in the momentum of monitoring the elections during the Covid-19 pandemic with a focus on the campaign stages in the Bantul Regency. This study uses mixed methods with two data collection techniques: surveys and Nvivo-12 Plus software. The results of this study are: First, Facebook is the best social media for obtaining campaign materials from candidate pairs in the Bantul Pilkada. Second, social media is considered adequate as a political campaign platform if balanced with conventional campaigns. Third, most voters in Bantul Regency who use Facebook have never commented on the campaign of candidate pairs in the Pilkada of the Bantul Regency. Fourth, some issues have almost similar tendencies between candidate pairs, namely discussing social & culture and religion & tolerance. Fifth, Halim-Joko is considered successful in delivering campaign materials through content on social media compared to Suharsono-Totok. Sixth, the public's response tends to be neutral in responding to campaign issues on social media.
Savage Folklorists in Your Empire
Authors: Villegas Mark R.
Published: January 2022

The introduction discusses hip hop’s linkages between popular cultural practices and the U.S. history of racial violence applied to “uncivilized” people. In this way, the title Manifest Technique puns the racist ideology of manifest destiny. By exploring the historical processes of racialization imposed under Spanish and U.S. colonialism, the introduction proposes that the racialized statuses of people in the Philippines offer important references in decoding more current Filipino American racial narratives and memory-making practices. Furthermore, it explains the concept of a Filipino American hip hop vernacular, which refers to a cultural grammar emanating from the material conditions inherited from U.S. and Philippine history. Manifest Technique embraces the political multiplicity in this vernacular, as funky, contradictory, romanticized, and mystifying as they may seem.
Currents of Militarization, Flows of Hip Hop
Authors: Villegas Mark R.
Published: January 2022

This chapter examines how the geographic vastness and the cultural politics of a Filipino American hip hop vernacular are made possible through the United States’ century-long pivot to Asia and the consequential migration of Filipino communities in military bases worldwide. U.S. militarization and war in the Philippines greatly defined the formation of “Filipino” as a racialized and colonized subject. Filipino American hip hop performers testify to this history as members of the “Filipino American military class.” For many Filipino Americans, military bases provided social opportunities to produce hip hop culture and also functioned as contact zones of hip hop circulation among peers elsewhere. Specifically, this chapter analyzes the lyrics and biographies of artists who exemplify the significance of militarization in the lives of Filipino Americans.
The Cause Célèbre of the Pioneering Professional
Authors: Ruth Greg
Published: January 2022

This chapter presents the pioneering professional tennis tour undertaken by Frenchwoman Suzanne Lenglen in 1926. The chapter situates Lenglen’s embrace of the commercial possibilities of touring the United States within the social and cultural history of women and celebrity culture in 1920s. Lenglen’s youth in France and amateur career are discussed before a detailed account of her professional tour, promoted by C.C. Pyle is recounted.
Wartime Southern California Professionals
Authors: Ruth Greg
Published: January 2022

This chapter considers how World War II impacted the possibilities of the professionalization of tennis by looking closely at the careers of several California players who, to varying degrees, benefitted from the player development programs put in place by Perry T. Jones in Los Angeles. Don Budge reappears as a champion whose playing career took a turn for the worst during the 1940s. Bobby Riggs presents a study in contrast in terms of both infamy and as a player who benefitted from wartime disruptions. In the latter 1940s Jack Kramer became the dominate touring professional.
The World Champion from “The Wrong Side of the Tracks”
Authors: Ruth Greg
Published: January 2022

This chapter situates Richard “Pancho” Gonzales near decade long reign atop the ranks of professional tennis within the social contexts of class and ethnicity in the United States. Gonzales’ youth delinquency contrasted sharply with so-called All American players like Jack Kramer who also developed their games in mid-century Los Angeles. After a stellar amateur career, Gonzales turned professional only to find himself unable to get a match after losing badly to Kramer. Gonzales took full advantage to tour again in 1954 by besting fellow professionals in a round-robin format. Antipathy between Kramer, Gonzales, and other professionals continued for the next decade as Gonzales remained the tennis player to beat.
The Lost Highway
Authors: Milward John
Published: January 2022

This chapter examines Hank Williams, who was the greatest country artist in history. He put the poetry into hillbilly music and influenced innumerable country, rock, and Americana songwriters. His sad story also anticipated the tragic tales of such artists as Gram Parsons and Townes Van Zandt. A brilliant example of Williams's technique was when he put a yodel into “Lovesick Blues,” a song which came from a mid-1920s Broadway musical that flopped (O-oo Ernest). Hank Williams emerged at a time when hillbilly hits were being covered for the pop market. His songs are distinguished by the pared-down poetry of his lyrics; songwriters study the artful concision of Williams's best songs.
Blowin’ in the Wind
Authors: Milward John
Published: January 2022

This chapter assesses the emergence of Bob Dylan. Dylan was crazy about Elvis Presley and the other early rock ‘n’ rollers, especially Little Richard. When Dylan went to New York, his artistic growth was explosive. His girlfriend, Suze Rotolo, encouraged an interest in politics and social justice, which prompted him to write topical material. As a result, his second album, The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan, on which he was pictured strolling on Jones Street with Rotolo, included such topical tunes as “A Hard Rain's A-Gonna Fall” (written during the Cuban Missile Crisis) and “Masters of War.” The collection also featured one of his sweetest ballads (“Girl from the North Country”) and a song that would become an anthem of social justice, “Blowin' in the Wind.” Ultimately, Dylan saw himself as a part of the folk tradition and was more confident writing lyrics than creating melodies.
American Tune
Authors: Milward John
Published: January 2022

This chapter highlights Merle Haggard's song “Okie from Muskogee,” which made him a player in the late-sixties culture wars and helped fortify a wall between rock and country music just as the Byrds and the Flying Burrito Brothers were taking their latest music to the Fillmore. Politics was not new to country music. In 1944, Jimmie Davis rode the popularity of his song “You Are My Sunshine” to the governorship of Louisiana. Davis called for racial segregation at the same time Woody Guthrie and Pete Seeger gave modern folk music its leftist pedigree. When rock and roll became the music of teenage America in the 1950s and of the counterculture of the 1960s, country music offered a more traditional sanctuary. According to Bill Malone, “country music seemed a safe retreat to many because it suggested 'bedrock' American values of solidity, respect for authority, old time religion, home-based virtues, and patriotism.”
The Red-Headed Icon
Authors: Milward John
Published: January 2022

This chapter discusses how the inspiration for Willie Nelson's career reinvention came from a song he had sung as a Fort Worth deejay in the 1950s and to his kids at bedtime, “Tale of the Red Headed Stranger.” Nelson fleshed out the story of the enigmatic cowboy and his black steed with original songs (“Time of the Preacher”) and covers of Eddy Arnold's “I Couldn't Believe It Was True” and “Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain.” Red Headed Stranger (1975) became both a cultural signifier and a commercial smash, with “Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain” Nelson's first number-1 country hit. The country music maverick had hit the big time with an Americana concept album that felt familiar to anyone who had grown up watching cowboys at the movies and on television. It was the mainstream success of Red Headed Stranger that ensured a long and profitable run on the concert circuit; along the way, Nelson would release a steady stream of albums that ranged from the artistically inspired to the amiably workmanlike.
Punks, God, and Urbane Cowboys
Authors: Milward John
Published: January 2022

This chapter examines how popular music began to splinter during the 1970s, with the rise of punk rock and disco reflecting the increased bifurcation of the mass audience. Punk rock was a conscious response to the slick professionalism of popular bands like the Eagles and Fleetwood Mac. Though the musical elements of punk can be traced from Chuck Berry and rockabilly through such 1960s rock bands as the Who and the Rolling Stones, the music pointedly embraced politics, anger, and irony. British punk met Americana when singer-songwriter Joe Ely from Lubbock, Texas, toured with the Clash. The unlikely alliance was struck when the Clash arranged to meet Ely, whose 1977 debut caused a buzz in England with its rocky spin on country, blues, and folk.
Across the Great Divide
Authors: Milward John
Published: January 2022

This chapter assesses how multi-instrumentalists Martie and Emily Robinson formed the Dixie Chicks in 1989 with bassist Laura Lynch and guitarist Robin Lynn Macy; the ensemble reorganized as a trio in 1995 when singer-guitarist Natalie Maines joined the sisters. The repertoire was an Americana mix of country, bluegrass, folk, and pop. But when their first two albums (Wide Open Spaces [1998] and Fly [1999]) each sold an astonishing ten million copies, they became country stars instead of the darlings of Americana. The Dixie Chicks returned in 2006 with Taking the Long Way, produced by Rick Rubin. The album debuted atop both the pop and country charts, but the Chicks were now cultural totems and no longer country stars. Before the release of Gaslighter (2020), the trio responded to heightened racial sensitivity by officially dropping “Dixie” from its name. The Chicks would not have been banished from Americana, which has been called “country music for Democrats.”
Folksinger, Bluesman, Rocker, Crooner
Authors: Starr Larry
Published: January 2022

This chapter offers a chronological overview of Bob Dylan’s evolution as a singer on his recordings. Starting out as a folk-singing heir to Woody Guthrie, and incorporating strong influences from the blues, Dylan went on to embrace electric rock in the mid-1960s and then assumed the voice of a country crooner at the end of the decade. Among the songs receiving detailed attention are “Blowin’ in the Wind,” “Down the Highway,” “Subterranean Homesick Blues,” and several from the album Nashville Skyline. Eventually, Dylan utilized a wide range of vocal approaches on single albums; his 1975 Blood on the Tracks is treated as exemplary in this regard. The chapter concludes with a consideration of Dylan’s employment of expressive silence in his vocal lines.
Assessment of Progress Towards 20-20-20 Targets: Evidence from Baltic States
Authors: Streimikiene Dalia
Published: January 2022

The 2020 climate and energy package adopted in 2009 sets three key targets for EU Member States: 20% cut in greenhouse gas emissions (from 1990 levels); to ensure 20% of renewables in final energy consumption and to achieve 20% improvement in energy efficiency from 2005 levels. The paper analyses the progress of selected countries in achieving climate and energy targets by 2020. Baltic States, namely Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia were selected for comparative assessment of their achievements in GHG emission reduction, energy efficiency improvement and use of renewable energy sources. Indicator’s framework was constructed to capture the most important drivers of GHG emission reduction from fuel combustion. These indicators allow to compare countries in their achievements by assessing their main energy and climate change policies. The analysis and comparison of the trends of the main indicators allows to define the best performing country and the reason of this. Policy implications were developed for Baltic States to pursue further progress in achieving energy and climate targets for 2030 and 2050.
4
Authors: West Martha Ullman
Published: January 2022

Janet Reed moves to New York City to join Eugene Loring’s company, Dance Players, as a principal dancer alongside Lew Christensen. The company put on shows such as Billy the Kid and City Portrait. Reed eventually works with American Concert Ballet and American Ballet Theatre, which Todd Bolender also joins.
5
Authors: West Martha Ullman
Published: January 2022

Describes the creation of Lincoln Kirstein and George Balanchine’s Ballet Society and the production of dances including Balanchine’s The Four Temperaments and Orpheus and Todd Bolender’s Zodiac. Janet Reed gets married. Balanchine invites Reed to join the New York City Ballet.
Uma análise sobre Gerenciamento de Recursos na Computação em Névoa
Authors: Bachiega Jr. João , Araújo Aletéia P. F.
Published: January 2022

A Computação em Névoa é um paradigma que permite o provisionamento de recursos e serviços computacionais na borda da rede, mais próximos dos dispositivos finais e usuários, com menor latência, complementando a Computação em Nuvem. A heterogeneidade e o grande número de dispositivos são desafios para obter provisionamento de recursos otimizado neste ambiente. Embora algumas publicações tenham contextualizado o gerenciamento de recursos na computação em névoa, não há nenhum consenso sobre as etapas que compõem este processo. Para preencher esta lacuna, este artigo apresenta uma análise e propõe uma definição para o provisionamento de recursos em Computação em Névoa.
Die 25 Jahre der Philosophie
Authors: Förster Eckart
Published: January 2022

Deutscher Idealismus; Goethe, Johann Wolfgang; Geistesgeschichte; intuitiver Verstand; Spinozismus; Kritik der praktischen Vernunft; Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph; Vernunft; Diskursivität; Philosophie; Jacobi, Friedrich Heinrich; Fichte, Johann Gottlieb; Systemphilosophie; Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich; Kant, Immanuel; Übergänge; Philosophiegeschichte; Transzendentalphilosophie; Anschauung; Phänomenologie des Geistes
Introduction
Authors: Runyon Randolph Paul
Published: January 2022

The book is centered around the attack of George T. Gould and Frank L. Bristow on Elisha W. Green on a train in 1883 and Green's subsequent vindication in court. Though primarily a biography of Green, a former slave who became a Baptist preacher and bought his freedom, it also sketches the lives of his two assailants both before and after the attack. Three Kentucky towns are important to the narrative, Maysville, Paris, and Millersburg. The book's sources include Green's autobiography, many contemporary newspaper articles, and some fascination documents from a Methodist church trial that ended Gould's clerical career. It concludes with a return to Green, now in his final years, and to the problem with which it began: the contested rights of African-Americans to travel by rail.
On the Auction Block
Authors: Runyon Randolph Paul
Published: January 2022

Born a slave in Bourbon County in 1818, Elisha Green was taken to Mason County in 1828 to be sold with his mother and siblings at auction to settle the estate of his owner, Charles Dobyns. He came into the possession of Dobyns's widow, Elizabeth Dobyns. She lent him to her daughter for four years, after which he was returned to the widow, who had remarried. He admired her new husband, Walter Warder, pastor of the Baptist church in May's Lick. Green underwent a religious conversion while plowing a field, in imitation of the Biblical prophet Elisha, whom God told Elijah to adopt as his successor. Green apparently saw himself as an eventual successor to Warder, too, as a successful Baptist preacher. Green married Susan Young, a fellow slave, in 1835. This chapter discusses slavery in Kentucky compared to that in other states.
Rebellious Flocks
Authors: Runyon Randolph Paul
Published: January 2022

In July 1884, at the very moment Gould was heading west to start a new life, Elisha Green was facing the breakup of both his congregations. A younger generation was chafing under his old-school leadership, aspiring to the middle class and an uneducated former slave did not seem the man to lead them there. Both churches survived, while giving birth to two new ones: Zion Baptist in Paris and Plymouth Baptist in Maysville. Plymouth was the brainchild of the Rev. B. Andrew Franklin of Louisville, of whose sexual scandals there the Maysville Baptists may not have been aware. In the fall of 1884, Green campaigned for William H. Wadsworth's election to Congress. This chapter details the political situation in Kentucky at that time. On Nov 27, 1884, Green, now a widower, married a much younger woman.
The Buzzards Gather
Authors: Runyon Randolph Paul
Published: January 2022

At the church trial in October 1884, Ella Gould testified at length about her husband's liaisons with their servants throughout his several Kentucky pastorates and his years at Millersburg. She gave graphic accounts of his bouts of drunkenness and violent behavior. Correspondence between George and Texie was unearthed. Faculty testified to his abuse of drink and a member of Texie's family testified to his inordinate interest in her. Hearsay evidence was admitted, even a letter reconstructed from memory. George admitted that his marriage was not a happy one but argued that he loved Texie in the same way that he loved all his students. After a week of testimony, the committee hearing the case ruled him guilty of having separated from his wife and of drinking whiskey. He was suspended from his ministerial functions.
Further Defining War Termination
Authors: Kolenda Christopher D.
Published: January 2022

This chapter discusses three successful war termination outcomes in irregular war: decisive victory, negotiated outcome, and transition, and shows how the choice of a desired war termination outcome affects the selection of an appropriate strategy.
The Absence of a Political Strategy Erodes US Leverage
Authors: Kolenda Christopher D.
Published: January 2022

Reconciliation seemed far away and Prime Minister Maliki continued his sectarian agenda. As the UN resolution providing legal basis for U.S. troops in Iraq was due to expire at the end of 2008, the U.S. had to negotiate a new agreement with the Iraqi government. Together with the U.S. commitment to the withdrawal timeline this gave Maliki more leverage. As discussions focused on when the U.S. forces would leave, reconciliation was further side-lined.
New Administration, Similar Challenges
Authors: Kolenda Christopher D.
Published: January 2022

President Obama came to the office in 2009 with the promise of ending the Iraq war. Such reluctance to be committed to the war had already diminished U.S. leverage in the previous years and continued to do so. At the same time, the Iraqi government’s sectarianism and corruption undermined the prospects of a successful transition. The U.S. did not use its opportunities to push Maliki to reform the government. By mid-2014, a new Sunni Arab insurgency was flourishing.
Introduction
Authors: Rice Christina
Published: January 2022

This chapter introduces the reader to Jane Russell and gives a brief overview of her film career, personal life, and work with the WAIF organization. Also highlighted is an incident that occurred on the set of The Outlaw in 1940 which set the stage for her attitude towards her publicity for the rest of her life.
Daughter Grows Up
Authors: Rice Christina
Published: January 2022

This chapter discusses Roy Russell’s unexpected death when Jane was sixteen, and the family’s struggles after that. Robert "Bob" Waterfield, Jane’s first husband is introduced, and their early courtship and relationship is explored. Also discussed is Jane turning her back on her Christian faith, which her mother had brought her up on, and her first taste of publicity.
Mitch
Authors: Rice Christina
Published: January 2022

This chapter details His Kind of Woman and Macao, the two films Jane made with Robert Mitchum. Included in this discussion are the difficulties with the productions and delays caused by Howard Hughes’ eccentricities. Hughes’ exploitative publicity of Jane is further explored along with her relationship with Mitchum. Jane’s position at the RKO studio is also discussed along with the personal crew she developed and used on multiple pictures, including make-up man Shotgun Britton, stand-in Carmen Nesbitt, and designer Michael Woulfe.
Wing-Ding Tonight
Authors: Rice Christina
Published: January 2022

This chapter discusses the continued momentum of Jane’s career with Las Vegas Story and RKO opposite Victor Mature and Vincent Price, and Son of Paleface at Paramount with Bob Hope and Roy Rogers. Also covered is the adoption of Jane’s first child.
International Uproar
Authors: Rice Christina
Published: January 2022

This chapter details Jane’s difficulties in adopting a second child in the United States which caused her to investigate adopting a child from a European orphanage. This led to Jane taking a child out of England who was surrendered to her by desperate parents, resulting in investigations by the FBI and Parliament. Also described is the British Command Performance Jane was invited to attend and perform at.
What Happened in Vegas
Authors: Rice Christina
Published: January 2022

This chapter delves into the disastrous premiere of The Las Vegas Story where Jane and Robert Waterfield got into a drunken fight resulting in him hitting her repeatedly in the face. Jane was forced to the personal appearances with a black-eye and swollen jaw and lie about what happened. Also discussed is Jane’s cameo in Road to Bali with Bob Hope and Bing Crosby.
Do Lord
Authors: Rice Christina
Published: January 2022

This chapter covers the formation of the Four Girls, a Christian singing quartet with Jane, Connie Haines, Beryl Davis, along with Della Russell and Rhonda Fleming at various times. Also discussed is the adoption of the Waterfield’s third child Buck, and the filming of Fuzzy Pink Nightgown along with a romantic tryst Jane had on the set of the film, causing a major rift between Jane and Robert Waterfield. Also included is a USO-like trip Jane made to Korea to get away from Waterfield and a nightclub engagement at the Sands Hotel in Las Vegas.
Funny Looks and Queer Perspectives
Authors: Booth Adam
Published: January 2022

This chapter focuses on those characters in the work of Silas House who are both queer and in the Appalachian sense “quare”—this is, characters who are cast as different, gay, or “other.” Storyteller Adam Booth specifically deals with the characters like Serena and Paul in House’s fiction trilogy, character in his dramatic writing who are gay, and characters like Brennan in short stories like “Recruiters.” House’s gay, lesbian and queer characters reveal the range of Appalchian diversity and the range of acceptance of that diversity. Booth’s reading of House is whimsical, pointed, and refreshing as he looks at gender issues in the work of Silas House.
This Land Is Our Land?
Authors: Yahn Jacqueline
Published: January 2022

Jacqueline Yahn delves into the young adult literature of Silas House, feeling as strongly as House about the importance of school children seeing images of themselves in the literature they are exposed to in the public schools. Yahn sets the issues that interest House (the environment, stereotyping others, acceptance of differences) into the national conversation about the region and public education, focusing on such young adult novels such as Eli the Good and Same Sun Here, as well as some of House’s related journalistic writing. Yahn is a university educator of public school teachers as well as a literary critic, and she is able to frame this chapter within the national conversation about public education and the important of understanding one’s story and identity as a significant component in one’s humanity and thus in contemporary education.
Ulrich Bonnell Phillips and World War I
Authors: Smith John David
Published: January 2022

In “Ulrich Bonnell Phillips and World War I: Finding pax plantation' at Camp Gordon, Georgia,” John David Smith examines Phillips (1877-1934), who emerged as the leading historian of the South during the Progressive Era. During the First World War, Phillips served as a non-military volunteer staff officer for the Young Men's Christian Association at a boot camp in DeKalb County, Georgia, that hosted more than 9,000 African American draftees. Phillips, whose influential writings transformed him into America's most influential historian of slavery between the two world wars, took leave from the University of Michigan to finish what became his landmark book, American Negro Slavery (1918), a work that remained influential among historians until after World War II.
Gentleman
Authors: Asher Brad
Published: January 2022

Burbridge grew up as a member of the Bluegrass gentry in Scott County. His grandfather emigrated from Virginia, like thousands of others in the 1790s, with a Kentucky land warrant for his service in the Revolutionary War. His father built up his holdings of land and slaves to become one of the wealthiest men in Scott County. Stephen would eventually relocate to Logan County, but never appeared to question the culture in which he was raised: He was a wealthy slaveowner descended from a line of wealthy slaveowners. When he assaulted these values as military commander of the state, his contemporaries hated him as a traitor to his class and his race.
Exile
Authors: Asher Brad
Published: January 2022

Contrary to assertions that Burbridge never set foot in Kentucky after the war, he did make frequent appearances in the state until the early 1870s. However, threats of violence against him and his family, the death of his wife and brother, a personal bankruptcy, and the difficulties of earning a living in Kentucky all prompted Burbridge eventually to relocate. He moved to Washington, D.C., where he met and married a wealthy widow from a prominent Philadelphia family. He sojourned in Europe, spent some years in Saratoga, New York, and eventually settled in Brooklyn, where he died in 1894.
Conclusion
Authors: Asher Brad
Published: January 2022

It is easy to sympathize with those who hated Burbridge for his suppression of civil liberties, his interference in state politics, and his executions of prisoners. This is why the historical context of his actions is so important to understand. Much of the opposition to Burbridge—during the war and afterward—stemmed from white Kentuckians’ opposition to emancipation. His enemies couched their opposition in the language of individual rights, but it was an understanding of rights that excluded African Americans. Burbridge was charged with bringing a new understanding of freedom to Kentucky. He tried to do so, taking measures to control Kentuckians’ growing opposition to the changed aims of the war. In doing so, he earned the unbounded loathing of his contemporaries and the unmerited scorn of historians.
Why Naval Gunfire Support?
Authors: Mitchener Donald K.
Published: January 2022

This chapter is an overall description of the present volume and a basic chronology of the evolution of American naval gunfire support doctrine over the years 1900–1945.
Operation Galvanic
Authors: Mitchener Donald K.
Published: January 2022

A narrative of D-day on Tarawa Atoll and a description and analysis of the planning for and the execution of naval gunfire missions in support of the assault. This is followed by an analysis of the effectiveness of that support and of the naval gunfire support lessons that the U.S. Navy and the U.S. Marine Corps claimed were learned.
Vodní měkkýši Vysočiny [Freshwater molluscs of Vysočina Region (Czech Republic)]
Authors: Beran Luboš
Published: January 2022

This paper summarizes data about the distribution of freshwater molluscs in the Vysočina Region (6,800 km²). The region is one of the 14 regions of the Czech Republic, situated in its central part. The major part of this region consists of Českomoravská vrchovina (Bohemian-Moravian Highlands) with average elevation about 500 m a. s. l. Data about freshwater molluscs have been obtained by author’s field research since 1993 and from many published and unpublished papers, private collections, and collections in museums dating from 1850. Altogether, data about the occurrence of 49 species of freshwater molluscs (27 gastropods, 22 bivalves) were obtained. This number constitutes 62% of all aquatic mollusc species found in the Czech Republic. Data about the occurrence of individual species were used for the construction of distributional maps of records for three time periods (1851–1950, 1951–2000, 2001–2016). The major part of the data has originated for the last period. This clearly demonstrates a significant increase in the research intensity after 2000. The most common species, i.e. recorded at least in 40 mapping cells out of 72 covering the area to the Vysočina Region, were Galba truncatula, Radix auricularia, R. labiata, Lymnaea stagnalis, Gyraulus albus, Ancylus fluviatilis, Anodonta anatina, Pisidium casertanum, and P. subtruncatum. In contrast, Viviparus viviparus, Potamopyrgus antipodarum, Stagnicola corvus, Radix ampla, R. balthica, Planorbis planorbis, Gyraulus acronicus, Ferrissia fragilis, Unio tumidus, Pseudanodonta complanata, Sinanodonta woodiana, Pisidium amnicum, P. tenuilineatum, and Dreissena polymorpha have been found in less than five mapping cells and belong to rare species of this region. Except 29 common and widespread species, four species (Bythinella austriaca, Physa fontinalis, Pisidium milium, and P. supinum) belonging in the Red List of the Molluscs of the Czech Republic were recorded. Other six species are classified as Vulnerable (Radix ampla, Gyraulus acronicus, Segmentina nitida, Unio tumidus, Anodonta cygnea, and Pisidium hibernicum), three as Endangered (Unio crassus, Pseudanodonta complanata, and Pisidium amnicum), and two as Critically Endangered (Margaritifera margaritifera and Pisidium tenuilineatum).
From Cotton to Cloth
Authors: Dietrich Wielenga Karuna
Published: January 2022

This chapter explores the ruptures and reconfigurations in the web of production inter-linking cotton cultivation and processing, spinning and weaving. These processes were anchored in households with women playing a key, if largely invisible role. It examines how new technologies, geo-politics and economic transformations led to the emergence of new production systems and labour regimes.
The Everyday and the Eternal: English Interwar Conservatism and the Political Present
Authors: Robinson Emily
Published: January 2022

English Conservative politicians of the early twentieth century sought a way of articulating the present as a stage between past and future that needed to be cared for; but which was nonetheless an inherently transient phase of existence, contrasting with the eternal. After the Russian Revolution, not only was the time of human existence to be conserved; it was a time in which the ideas that underpinned Conservatism urgently needed proselytization. Conservatism had to provide a contribution to social arguments within the present, to counter social upheaval. It provided empirical, scientific detail, drawn from present observation, to counter abstract theory. This development of the arguments against the French Revolution advanced by Edmund Burke took on a new scientific flavour in the work of a writer like Walter Elliot. In the rhetoric of Stanley Baldwin, a hymn-like eulogy of the constant English ‘present’ could reach up into the evocation of an eternal mission comparable with that of ancient Rome. Concluding with a fresh reading of the Conservative author Pierse Loftus, this chapter argues that Conservatives drew on the experience of the present to locate the grandeur of their national or imperial project within a human frame. Unlike present-minded socialists, Conservatives were less concerned with an emerging complex picture of everyday life, and more with an idea of everyday life that they could essentialise.
Enraizamento de Sequoia sempervirens (Cupressaceae) em função do padrão de miniestacas, substratos e regulador de crescimento
Authors: Pereira Mariane de Oliveira , Navroski Marcio Carlos , Ângelo Alessandro Camargo , Schafer Gilmar , Andrade Ramon Silveira de , Moraes Carolina , Souza Gabriel de
Published: January 2022

Sequoia sempervirens (sequoia) é uma espécie conhecida pela qualidade superior de sua madeira, sendo a produção de mudas por miniestaquia uma alternativa viável. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a posição de coleta, presença ou ausência de folhas aciculares em miniestacas e a produção de mudas cultivadas em diferentes substratos e utilização de AIB. Foram utilizadas miniestacas de diferentes clones, oriundas de minijardim clonal. Para o padrão de miniestacas utilizou-se a porção lignificada, com média lignificação e pouca lignificação, na presença ou ausência de folhas aciculares, avaliando-se um clone. Em relação aos substratos, observou-se o comportamento de três clones e quatro substratos de marcas comerciais. Para o emprego de regulador de crescimento utilizou-se um clone e diferentes concentrações de AIB (0,0 a 5000 mg L-1). As miniestacas foram colocadas para enraizar em estufim e avaliadas aos 90 dias. Todos os experimentos foram instalados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com posterior avaliação da porcentagem de sobrevivência; porcentagem de miniestacas com calos; porcentagem de miniestacas enraizadas e número de raízes emitidas por miniestaca enraizada. Miniestacas pouco lignificadas (ápice) com folhas aciculares apresentaram os melhores resultados para sobrevivência (96%) e enraizamento (94%); miniestacas muito lignificadas sem folhas aciculares obtiveram baixo enraizamento (10%). Houve considerável variação de enraizamento entre os substratos (66 a 100%) e o número de raízes foi mais influenciado pelo clone utilizado. Os melhores resultados foram observados naqueles com componentes mais orgânicos. O emprego de AIB na miniestaquia não foi significativo para nenhuma das variáveis analisadas. Miniestacas coletadas em porções apicais e com presença de folhas aciculares mostraram-se mais indicadas para trabalhos com a espécie. Para a seleção do melhor substrato deve-se observar o efeito clonal, priorizando-se substratos com composição mais orgânica. A utilização de AIB não influenciou positivamente o enraizamento de miniestacas, não sendo recomendado o seu uso.
EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA ESCOLAR: BUSCANDO ALUNOS REFLEXIVOS
Authors: Gaier Adriana de Matos
Published: January 2022

Este estudo teve como objetivo oportunizar aos alunos da disciplina de Educação Física a possibilidade de fazê- los refletir sobre a prática pedagógica da aula e a importância da Educação Física em suas vidas, realizando uma ação participativa entre pesquisadores e estagiários da disciplina de Prática de Ensino em Educação Física da UFSM. Esta pesquisa de característica participativa foi desenvolvida na Escola Estadual Padre Rômulo Zanchi no município de Santa Maria-RS. Participaram deste estudo, três estagiários da Prática de Ensino em Educação Física da UFSM e seus respectivos alunos das 4a séries do ensino fundamental. Utilizou-se o processo de observação participante, na qual várias aulas foram observadas, para verificar as açõesdos estagiários durante as reflexões com os alunos. Os estagiários utilizaram como método as entrevistas e osquestionamentos para incentivar os alunos a refletirem. A avaliação deste estudo permite concluir que foi possibilitado um espaço nas aulas de Educação Física para os alunos refletirem sobre a prática pedagógica da aula, sendo que estes refleti­ram sobre suas próprias ações, que, muitas vezes, são as que geram os problemas que interferem durante a aula, bem como sobre a importância dos conteúdos trabalhados e também a relação destes com suas vidas. Acreditamos que este processo contribuiu para a busca de um pensamento reflexivo e crítico dos alunos, tornan­do-os mais participativos, responsáveis e sujeitos do processo ensino-aprendizagem. Entretanto, foi difícil avaliar o nível de aprofundamento da reflexão dos alunos, pois este é um processo que deve ser gradativo.
HABILIDADES MOTORAS NO MEIO LÍQUIDO: UMA PROPOSTA
Authors: Canfield Jefferson T.
Published: January 2022

Objetivou-se verificar a existência de correlação entre o nível de desenvolvimento motor, o nível de desempenho em habilidades motoras no meio líquido e os níveis de desempenho da técnica dos nados crawl e costa, bem como o desenvolvimento global de crianças de três a cinco anos de idade. Desenvolveu-se no grupo experimental (GE) um conteúdo básico de psicomotricidade, buscando fortalecer nas crianças elementos suficientes para desenvolver futuramente a técnica dos nados. Para verificar os resultados, criou-se e validou-se duas Matrizes Analíticas: “Habilidades Motoras no Meio Líquido (HML)” e “Fundamentos do Nado Crawl e Costa (FCC)”, utilizou-se ainda, a “Bateria de Habilidades Motoras de Bruininks e Ozeretsky (TBO-14)”, que possui protocolo próprio. Correlacionou-se a TBO-14 e HML no grupo de controle, a qual foi significativa ( r = - 0,64 ), bem como entre TBO - 14 e HML do GE sendo esta significativa ( r = - 0,54 ). A correlação entre FCC e HML do GE, foi significativa ( r = 0,59 ).Conclui-se que a variação na exercitação provoca respostas motoras globais, e que o trabalho na água converte-se num meio de ação de alto potencial educativo para o desenvolvimento psicomotor e para o domínio do movimento neste ambiente.
APRENDIZAGEM DO NADO CRAWL COM INFORMAÇÃO E RETROALIMENTAÇÃO VISUAL E AUDITIVA
Authors: Turra Nadia Andreia
Published: January 2022

Objetivou-se neste estudo identificar se existem diferenças no desempenho do nado crawl com informação e retroalimentação visual e auditiva. Da amostra intencional, participaram vinte sujeitos matriculados na Escola de Natação Professor René, de NH/ RS e adaptados ao meio líquido. Inicialmente foi realizado um pré-teste aplicando-se a Matriz de Análise do Nado Crawl (MANC). Após, a amostra foi dividida em dois grupos que desenvolveram a prática em oito aulas consecutivas. Um dos grupos recebeu informações e retroalimentações visuais, tendo apenas disponível os gestos técnicos através de figuras coloridas que demonstravam o nado, já o outro grupo recebeu informações e retroalimentações auditivas, tendo disponível o comportamento verbal, não visualizando em nenhum momento os gestos técnicos do nado. Ao término da oitava aula os sujeitos foram submetidos novamente a MANC para verificai' o desempenho, tendo obtido resultado significativo em ambos os gaipos. O tratamento dos dados foi feito através da Análise de Covariança, sendo os dados do pós-teste ajustados para os dados do pré-teste, onde detectou-se diferença significativa (Valor F = 10.60; P < = 0.0005), do grupo que nadou o crawl com informação e retroalimentação visual quando comparado ao grupo que nadou- o com informação e retroalimentação auditiva. Tem-se portanto como conclusão, que o sistema visual é superior aos demais quando disponível à tarefa.
DIAGNÓSTICO DO ATLETISMO ESCOLAR EM SANTA MARIA
Authors: Lencina Lyselenne de Avila
Published: January 2022

Esta pesquisa buscou subsídios que possam retratar de maneira fidedigna a situação atual do desporto Atletismo na cidade de Santa Maria - RS. A amostra deste estudo constou de sessenta escolas da rede municipal, estadual, particular e federal. Como instrumento de coleta de dados utilizou-se um questionário, respondido pelos professores de Educação Física. Os dados obtidos foram analisados através da estatística e do referencial teórico. Com base nos resultados obtidos concluiu-se que: na maior parte das escolas de Santa Maria o atletismo não está contemplado no currículo devido a falta de infra estrutura, falta de interesse dos alunos e escasso número de competições; nas escolas onde é trabalhado o atletismo, a maior parte delas realiza um trabalho de iniciação e poucas possuem um trabalho na forma de equipes representativas; os professores consideram-se pouco capacitados para desenvolver um trabalho nesta modalidade. Os subsídios auferidos pela presente pesquisa possibilitam constatar que no momento atual a prática do desporto atletismo está pouco difundida nas escolas de Santa Maria.
A influencia da prática do judô na postura de atletas do sexo masculino do estado do Paraná.
Authors: Santos Saray Giovana dos
Published: January 2022

Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar se o tempo e o tipo de prática, bem como a técnica de preferência do Judô acarretam desvios posturais em judocas paranaenses adultos do sexo masculino, com 5 ou mais anos de prática. Participaram do estudo 37 sujeitos das cidades de Foz do Iguaçu, Cascavel, Maringá e Curitiba; faixa etária entre 18 e 54 anos, com tempo médio de prática de 14,1 anos. A coleta de dados foi realizada nos locais de treinamento dos respectivos sujeitos e como instrumento de medida utilizou-se uma ficha para avaliação postural; um tabuleiro quadriculado, uma ficha para medidas antropométricas, além de uma entrevista para identificação. Os dados foram analisados através de estatística descritiva e inferencial. Todas as hipótese foram testadas ao nível de significância de 0,05. Os resultados indicaram que a prática sistemática do Judô, caracterizada por programas específicos de prática unilateral, tempo prolongado de prática e treinamento de "tokui-waza", parece ter implicações negativas no desenvolvimento postural dos judocas.
Reconstruindo um Mundo Lúdico
Authors: Santin Silvino
Published: January 2022

Nos tempos de crises culturais a imagem do homem é a primeira a ficar abalada. O homem sente-se perdido e em perigo. No centro dos grandes conflitos que marcam a nossa civilização científica e tecno­lógica, a compreensão do homem tornou-se uma temática que preocupa a todos os humanistas conscientes. E a compreensão do homem começa pela tentativa de redimensionar o sentido de humano. Definir o huma­no do homem constitui-se na tarefa prioritária de superação da cri­se. Não se trata de um movimento isolado, ele está profundamente vinculado à filosofia dos movimentos alternativos e das iniciativas ecológicas. As crises abrem espaços para outras possibilidades de soluções. A ecologia, em última instância, é uma proposta antropoló­gica nova. Rappaport (s/d) fala em antropologia ecológica e em eco­logia humana. De fato, a ecologia, diante das devastações e agres­sões contra a natureza, procura restaurar as harmonias naturais. Diante das imensas injustiças e violências, diante da fome e da mi­séria, o homem contemporâneo sente-se ameaçado e se pergunta pelo sentido do humano. Qual seria, porém, a dimensão humana capaz de de­volver a humanidade do homem ou capaz de construir uma comunidade de vida?
0 ESPORTE COMO FENÔMENO SOCIAL E A ANÁLISE CRITICA DO ESPORTE
Authors: Hildebrandt Reiner
Published: January 2022

Falar sobre o esporte como fenômeno social e fazer uma análise social critica do esporte parece, num primeiro momento, um tema mais adequado para um sociólogo. Eu, porém, sou um pedagogo do esporte. Por outro lado, é perfeitamente possível uma abordagem deste tema porque o esporte é ensinado nas instituições educativas (através das aulas de Educação Física). 0 conceito de esporte como assunto principal do ensino, frequen­temente qualificado como conteúdo das aulas de Educação Física, de­termina precisamente, de forma indiscutível, o transcorrer dessas aulas. É, justamente, a utilização do esporte nas aulas de Educação Fisica (sem qualquer exercício de reflexão) que eu gostaria de ques­tionar agora. E fazê-lo dentro de uma visão pedagógica do esporte. Dentro de uma determinada concepção de esporte, seja na confec­ção de planos ou na própria realização de atos de movimento em pro­cessos de ensino-aprendizagem, quando não se quer seguir cegamente uma ideologia, temos que primeiramente descobrir e analisar as deci­sões prévias inerentes a este conceito. Este exercício determina a realidade do movimento, e quais as conseqüências que isso poderá acarretar,jara as experiências motoras e sociais dos participantes.