bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential of Peptide-Based Non-Structural Protein 1 (NS1) Inhibitor in Obstructing Dengue Virus (DENV) Replication
Authors: Asyura Muhammad Mikail Athif Zhafir , Fauzi Ahmad , Ayub Fakhru Adlan
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Dengue Virus (DENV) is the pathogen for human dengue fever and is responsible for 390 million infections per year. The viral genome produces about 10 viral protein products, one of them being NS1. The NS1 protein plays a key role in viral replication and stimulation of humoral immune cells, thus being the perfect candidate to create an effective antiviral drug or vaccine for dengue

Methods: Dengue Virus (DENV) is the pathogen for human dengue fever and is responsible for 390 million infections per year. The viral genome produces about 10 viral protein products, one of them being NS1. The NS1 protein plays a key role in viral replication and stimulation of humoral immune cells, thus being the perfect candidate to create an effective antiviral drug or vaccine for dengue

Conclusion: The review established promising results of using peptide-based intervention on NS1. Further in vivo and randomized controlled trials are advised to solidify the applicability and biosafety of the intervention
Tobacco Use among Health Professional Students in Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Niki , Shah Sanjeeb , Khanal Gayatri , Piryani Suneel
Published: April 2021

Background: Health professional students play a critical role in tobacco control by providing services, advocating for policies and serving as role models for social change. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of tobacco use and determine the attitude and behavior regarding tobacco use among health professional students.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among third-year medical, dental, nursing and pharmacy undergraduates using GHPSS questionnaire. Results: A total of 16.3% students were current cigarette smokers. 33.2% students had ever smoked cigarettes, and 57.0% had smoked first cigarettes during adolescence life. Cigarette smoking consumption was higher than the use of other tobacco products like chewing tobacco, snuff, bidis, hookah, cigar or pipes and. 10.0%students were current users of other tobacco products.22.1%students had ever used other tobacco products.31.6% were exposed to second-hand smoke at home and 48.9% were exposed to second-hand smoke at public places. Conclusions: The prevalence of smoking and exposure to second-hand was high among medical students. Medical educators should consider revising the medical curricula to focus on tobacco cessation training/counseling in medical schools. Keywords: GHPSS;health professional; Nepal; tobacco.
Managing Ureterovaginal Fistulas following Obstetric and Gynecological Surgeries
Authors: Upadhyay Amit Mani , Kunwar Ashok , Shrestha Sanjesh , Pradhan Hema Kumari , Karki Aruna , Dangal Ganesh
Published: April 2021

Background: Iatrogenic ureteric injuries leading to fistula are rare but devastating complications of obstetric and gynecological surgeries. The aim of the study was to review the demography of ureterovaginal fistula (UVF) and its surgical outcome in Kathmandu Model Hospital.Methods: This is a review of 15 patients of ureterovaginal fistula who were referred to department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Kathmandu Model Hospital from Feb 2014 to Sept 2017. We reviewed the demography, causes and surgical outcome of ureterovaginal fistula (UVF). Ten patients who had complete blind end at the distal ureter, underwent Lich-Gregoir extravesical ureteroneocystostomy. In other five patients, guide wire was successfully negotiated beyond the fistula site, however retrograde double J stenting could be done in only four patients.Results: All the patients had distal ureteric injury close to vesicoureteric junction leading to ureterovaginal fistula. Among them, majority were due to post-hysterectomy in 60% (n=9) followed by obstetrical procedures in 40% (n=6). Fourteen patients (93%) had successful closure of the fistula with complete preservation of renal function. Retrograde double J stenting was possible in patients who were referred earlier within two weeks of the onset of injury. Conclusions: Iatrogenic injury to the distal ureter during surgery was the leading cause for the ureterovaginal fistula. Endoscopic management with ureteric stents was still possible if the patients were referred earlier following primary surgery. Keywords: Double J stent; iatrogenic ureteric injury; ureterovaginal fistula; ureteroneocystostomy.
Avaliação medicinal e nutricional de três espécies de Plantas Alimentícias Não convencionais (PANCs): Uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Bezerra Mariana Sobreira , Binotto Felipe Somavilla , Richard Neila Silvia Pereira dos Santos , Bezerra Aline Sobreira , Marquezan Flávia Kolling , Marquezan Patricia Kolling
Published: April 2021

Nos últimos anos, o aumento da busca por alternativas medicinais e nutricionais para introdução no campo da saúde das pessoas ocasionou a utilização de plantas no cotidiano da população. Consequentemente, diversas pesquisas almejavam avaliar o potencial uso de tais plantas e seus benefícios para a saúde. Portanto, o objetivo do estudo é realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre a potencial utilização medicinal e nutricional de três espécies presentes na região Sul do Brasil, sendo elas Rumex crispus, Conyza bonariensis e Taraxacum officinale. Foram realizadas pesquisas nas bases de dados PubMed, EMBASE, Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS) e Repositório digital da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, utilizando os descritores anteriormente selecionados das plataformas MeSh e DeCs. As buscas foram realizadas no período de dezembro de 2020. O critério de inclusão utilizado englobava artigos dos últimos 20 anos, porém foram excluídas revisões de literatura. Após as buscas foram selecionados 27 artigos para compor a revisão de literatura. As plantas são ricas em diferentes fitoquímicos, que garantem às espécies diferentes usos em potencial, como antioxidantes, anti-inflamatórios, anti-diabéticos, antimicrobianos e anticancerígenos. Além disso, seus usos na alimentação são abrangentes, sendo encontrados em saladas, molhos, geleias ou chás. A maioria das plantas apresentou atividade citotóxica contra células tumorais, porém a toxicidade contra células saudáveis não foi observada pelos estudos. Portanto, observa-se o potencial medicinal e nutricional das espécies analisadas, sendo necessários mais estudos para a sua elucidação na prática clínica.
Rompimento de barragens na literatura científica internacional: Uma análise bibliométrica
Authors: Sousa Lázaro Avelino de , Araújo Sérgio Murilo Santos de , Barbosa Maria de Fátima Nóbrega
Published: April 2021

O rompimento de barragens é um tema que recentemente ganhou destaque na mídia, sobretudo, devido a grandes desastres envolvendo perdas de vidas humanas. Uma análise bibliométrica do tema é oportuna para que se possa sistematizar estudos com embasamento científico para subsidiar medidas de segurança e prevesão deste tipo de acidente. Neste sentido, este trabalho analisou a produção científica internacional sobre rompimento de barragens através de uma abordagem quantitativa que objetivou mensurar a dinâmica bibliométrica do tema no período compreendido entre os anos de 1945 e início de 2021. Foi feita uma pesquisa na coleção principal da base de dados interdisciplinar Web of Science considerando-se como principais critérios o recorte temporal supracitado e a ocorrência da palavra-chave “Dam Break” no título das publicações. Pesquisou-se apenas pela modalidade artigo, publicado na língua inglesa. Os metadados da pesquisa foram baixados no formato de planilha do Excel e foram aplicadas estatísticas descritivas para classificar e quantificar as informações. Os resultados mostram que a ocorrência do tema na literatura internacional só se verifica a partir do ano de 1980, tendo como principal veículo de comunicação o Journal of Hydraulic Research, e o principal país de origem, a China. O total de publicações encontradas foi de 306 artigos, sendo 44 considerados de maior impacto na literatura científica, de acordo com o H-index. Conclui-se que o tema pesquisado vem crescendo em importância nos últimos anos com o aumento do número de publicações, principalmente nas áreas de Recursos Hídricos e Engenharia Civil, a partir do ano de 2006.
Bazı Pestisitlerin Faydalı Bakteriler ve Patojen Bakteriler Üzerine Bakterisidal Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: KOTAN Recep , TOZLU Elif
Published: April 2021

Tarımda kullanılan kimyasal bitki koruma ve bitki besleme ürünlerinin insan sağlığına ve çevreye verdikleri zarar her geçen gün daha da iyi anlaşılmaktadır. Ancak, bu zararın önemli bir kısmı bitki üzerindeki ve canlı bir sistem olarak tarif edilen topraktaki faydalı mikrobiyal fauna üzerinde oluşmaktadır. Birçok pestisit nihayetinde uygulamadan sonra toprağa düşerek, buradaki faydalı ve zararlı birçok mikroorganizmanın popülasyonunu azaltmakta veya onları öldürmektedir. Bu çalışmada; toplam 39 farklı pestisitin 7 patojen olmayan farklı bakteri izolatı (Brevibacillus brevis CP-1, Bacillus megaterium TV-6D, Bacillus subtilis TV-6F, Paenibacillus polymyxa TV-12E, Pseudomonas flourescens TV-11D, Pseudomonas fluorescens FDG-37, Pantoea agglomerans RK-79) ve 2 farklı patojen bakteri izolatı (Erwinia amylovora RK-228, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae RK-268) olmak üzere toplam 9 bakteri izolatına karşı bakteriyosidal etkileri test edilmiştir. Bakteriyosidal testleri Petride Disk Diffüzyon Yöntemi kullanılarak yapılmış ve test dozu olarak da her bir pestisitin üretici tarafından önerilen dozları kullanılmıştır. Test edilen 15 farklı insektisitin 4’ü (%26.66), 14 farklı fungisitin 8’i (%57.14), 7 farklı herbisitin ise 5’i (%71.42) bakteriyosidal etki göstermiştir. Geri kalan 2 farklı akarisit ve 1 nematositin herhangi bir bakteriyosidal etkisi görülmemiştir. Toplamda test edilen 39 pestisitin 17’si (%43.59) bakteriyosidal etki göstermiş, pestisitlerden etkilenen bakterilerin tamamı faydalı bakteriler ve büyük bir çoğunluğu ise Gram pozitif bakterilerden oluşmuştur. Sonuç olarak, tarım alanlarında faydalı bakterilerin önemli görevler üstlendiği düşünüldüğünde; kullanılan kimyasal pestisitlerin bakteriyel çeşitlilik üzerindeki bu olumsuz etkisinin en az düzeye indirilmesi için mutlaka insan ve çevreye dost kontrol yöntemlerinin uygulanmasına ihtiyaç vardır. Bu yöntemlerden biri olan biyopestisitlerin tarım alanlarında kullanılması sırasında, mecbur kalınmadıkça kimyasal ilaçlar ile karıştırılmamaları büyük önem taşımaktadır.
Farklı Konukçu Bitkilerden İzole Edilen Agrobacterium tumefaciens İzolatlarının Fenotipik ve Genotipik Karakterizasyonu
Authors: GEYLANİ YÜZBAŞIOĞLU Eda , AYSAN Yeşim
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmada, 2008-2011 yılları boyunca 4 farklı ilde 10 farklı konukçu bitkiden tipik ur belirtisi gösteren enfekteli bitki örnekleri toplanmıştır. Toplanan enfekteli bitki dokularından toplam 174 bakteri izolatı elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen izolatların patojenisite testlemeleri havuç (Daucus carota L.) dilimi, kalonşe (Kalanchoe daigremontiana), domates (Solanum lycopersicum L.) ve ayçiçeği (Helianthus annus L.) fideleri üzerinde yapılmıştır. Patojenisite testleri sonucunda 414 re-izolat elde edilmiş olup, bu izolatlar arasından 138 re-izolat detaylı çalışmalarda kullanılmak üzere seçilmiştir. Seçilmiş olan tüm izolatlar klasik ve moleküler yöntemlerin sonuçlarına göre Agrobacterium tumefaciens olarak teşhis edilmiştir. Test edilen 138 izolat ve 6 referans izolatın tamamı kalonşe bitkisi ve havuç dilimi üzerinde tipik ur belirtilerine neden olurken, bu izolatlar arasından 67 izolat domates bitkisinde, 61 izolat ise ayçiçeği bitkisi üzerinde tipik ur belirtisi oluşturamamıştır. Bu tez kapsamında 3-ketolaktoz üretimi, % 2’lik NaCl’de büyüme, 35ºC’de gelişme, litmus milk’de reaksiyon, eritritol ve melezitozdan asit oluşturma, malonik asit, L-tartarik asit ve mucic asitten alkali oluşturma, demir amonyum sitrat kullanımı, sitrat kullanımı, PDA+CaCO3 besiyerinde asit temizleme, potasyum hidroksit testiyle gram reaksiyon ve oksidaz testi kullanılmıştır Yapılan morfolojik, fizyolojik ve biyokimyasal testlere göre, test edilen izolatlardan 3 tanesi dışında, izolatlar arasında önemli farklılık gözlenmemiştir. Bu izolardaki farklılıkta sözkonusu138 izolat arasından 48 izolat detaylı çalışmalar için seçilmiş, genetik profilleri REP PCR, ERIC PCR, BOX PCR ve RFLP teknikleri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bildiğimiz kadarıyla, şeftali, erik, kiraz, armut, trabzon hurması, meşe ve kalonşe bitkilerinden bu etmenin ülkemizdeki varlığı ilk kez bu çalışmayla ortaya konmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlar farklı konukçulardan elde edilen Agrobacterium. tumefaciens izolatlarının benzerlik ve farklılıklarını ortaya koymuştur. Sonuç olarak, 5 ana grupta, 8 farklı küme ve 26 özgün profile sahip 34 genotip belirlenmiştir. İzolatlar ile konukçu bitki ve coğrafik bölge arasında ilişki kurulamamıştır.
Lidocaine suppresses subthreshold oscillations by inhibiting persistent Na+ current in injured dorsal root ganglion neurons
Authors: Dong H , Fan Y-H , Wang Y-Y , Wang W-T , Hu S-J
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the effect and mechanism
of low concentration of lidocaine on subthreshold membrane
potential oscillations (SMPO) and burst discharges in chronically
compressed dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. DRG neurons
were isolated by enzymatic dissociation method. SMPO, burst
discharges and single spike were elicited by whole cell patchclamp technique in current clamp mode. Persistent Na+ current
(INaP) and transient Na+ current (INaT) were elicited in voltage
clamp mode. The results showed that SMPO was suppressed and
burst discharges were eliminated by tetrodotoxin (TTX,
0.2 μmol/l) in current clamp mode, INaP was blocked by
0.2 μmol/l TTX in voltage clamp mode. SMPO, burst discharges
and INaP were also suppressed by low concentration of lidocaine
(10 μmol/l) respectively. However, single spike and INaT could
only be blocked by high concentration of lidocaine (5 mmol/l).
From these results, it is suggested that INaP mediates the
generation of SMPO in injured DRG neurons. Low concentration
of lidocaine (10 μmol/l) suppresses SMPO by selectively inhibiting
INaP, but not INaT, in chronically compressed DRG neurons.
Effects of diet and age on oxidative damage products in healthy subjects
Authors: Krajčovičová-Kudláčková M , Valachovičová M , Pauková V , Dušinská M
Published: April 2021

Damage of molecules as a consequence of oxidative stress has
been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases related
to aging. Diet is a key environmental factor affecting the
incidence of many chronic diseases. Antioxidant substances in
diet enhance the DNA, lipid and protein protection by increasing
the scavenging of free radicals. Products of oxidative damage of
DNA (DNA strand breaks with oxidized purines or oxidized
pyrimidines), lipids (conjugated dienes of fatty acids) and
proteins (carbonyls) in relation to nutrition (vegetarian diet vs.
non-vegetarian, traditional mixed diet) were measured in young
women aged 20-30 years (46 vegetarians, 48 non-vegetarians)
vs. older women aged 60-70 years (33 vegetarians, 34 nonvegetarians). In young subjects, no differences in values of
oxidative damage as well as plasma values of antioxidative
vitamins (C,β-carotene) were observed between vegetarian and
non-vegetarian groups. In older vegetarian group significantly
reduced values of DNA breaks with oxidized purines, DNA breaks
with oxidized pyrimidines and lipid peroxidation and on the other
hand, significantly increased plasma values of vitamin C and βcarotene were found compared to the respective non-vegetarian
group. Significant age dependences of measured parameters
(increase in all oxidative damage products and decrease in
plasma vitamin concentrations in older women) were noted only
in non-vegetarians. Vegetarian values of older women vs. young
women were similar or non-significantly changed. The results
suggest that increase of oxidative damage in aging may be
prevented by vegetarian nutrition.
Mechanisms of neurogenic pulmonary edema development
Authors: Šedý J , Zicha J , Kuneš J , Jendelová P , Syková E
Published: April 2021

Neurogenic pulmonary edema is a life-threatening complication,
known for almost 100 years, but its etiopathogenesis is still not
completely understood. This review summarizes current
knowledge about the etiology and pathophysiology of neurogenic
pulmonary edema. The roles of systemic sympathetic discharge,
central nervous system trigger zones, intracranial pressure,
inflammation and anesthesia in the etiopathogenesis of
neurogenic pulmonary edema are considered in detail. The
management of the patient and experimental models of
neurogenic pulmonary edema are also discussed.
KESANTUNAN BAHASA DALAM STUDI LINGUISTIK PRAGMATIK
Authors: Saifudin Akhmad
Published: April 2021

The major aim of this paper is to provide a theoretical view of politeness in a pragmatic perspective. The study was conducted through literature studies on leading theories in language politeness studies, such as Brown and Levinson, Leech, and Ide as well as from observations of the current use of politeness phenomenon, namely interactions in cyberspace. The theoretical view of politeness is given as a result of observations about the reality of using politeness and the synthesis of existing theories.
The Implications of TRIPs ’ Criminal Provisions on Copyright Exception for Education in Ethiopia: A Critical Approach from a Human Rights Perspective
Authors: Hirko Sileshi B.
Published: April 2021

It is undisputed that education is instrumental both for socio-economic development and the enjoyment of other fundamental human rights. In particular, a tertiary education is very critical for less developed countries (LDCs) such as Ethiopia where education is considered a vital tool for sustainable development. Nonetheless, a quality tertiary education depends, inter alia, upon sufficient access to most copyrighted learning materials through a balanced copyright system with adequate room for flexibility. In fact, the tension between copyright protection and the right to education is integral to the global debate between intellectual property and human rights regimes. Despite its compelling socio-economic needs and its human rights obligation that dictate a broader room for flexibility, Ethiopia has adopted a very restrictive copyright system with a narrow set of limitations and exceptions (L&Es) for education. Further, both its copyright and criminal laws prescribe severe criminal sanctions for any act of copyright infringement. In so doing, Ethiopia has taken a legislative approach that exacerbates the problems related to both TRIPs’ implementation and access to learning materials. In the absence of a concrete step to rethink the approach, the effective utilisation of the constrained exception for education will be further undermined by TRIPs’ criminal enforcement in disregard of the socio-economic contexts of the country.
Türkiye’de Somut Kültürel Mirasın Korunması Üzerine Bir Alan Araştırması: Kırıkkale-Delice Örneği
Authors: YÜCEL BATMAZ Nazlı , BİÇİCİ Gülhanım
Published: April 2021

Kültürel mirasın korunması evrensel bir mesele olup, dünya devletlerince kültürel mirasın korunmasına ilişkin pek çok sözleşme, tüzük ve bildiri yayınlanmıştır. Türkiye’de de, taraf olunan Venedik Tüzüğü, Dünya Doğal ve Kültürel Mirasının Korunmasına Dair Sözleşme, ICOMOS, ICOM, Avrupa Mimari Mirasının Korunması Sözleşmesi, Arkeolojik Mirasın Korunmasına İlişkin Avrupa Sözleşmesi gibi yasal dayanaklar ve kuruluşlar ile kültürel miras koruma altına alınmaya çalışılmaktadır. Söz konusu çalışmanın amacı, Kırıkkale İli Delice ilçesinde kültürel mirasın korunma ve bilinirlik düzeyinin boyutları ile ortaya konulmasıdır. Çalışma ile halkın kültürel mirasa bakış açısının anlaşılması ve hukuki normların işlerliği ölçülmek istenmiştir. Araştırma esnasında nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden derinlemesine mülakat tekniği kullanılmıştır. Delice ilçesinde yaşamakta olan, belediye başkanlığında görev yapmış ve yapmakta olan 3 kişi, 2 kaymakamlık personeli, 5 emekli memur ve 2 esnaf olmak üzere toplamda 11 kişi ile görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda Delice ilçesinde kültürel mirasın korunması ve bilinirliği konusunda halkın yeterli bilinç düzeyinde olmadığı ve yönetsel açıdan yetki ve sorumlulukların sınırlı ve yetersiz bulunduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Covid-19 Sürecinde Kriz Yönetimi: Türkiye’de Turizm İşletmelerine Yönelik Düzenlemeler
Authors: TOKTAŞ Yusuf
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, kavramsal açıdan kriz yönetimini ortaya koymak ve Covid-19 sürecinde Türkiye’deki turizm işletmelerine yönelik düzenlemeleri araştırmaktır. 13 Ocak 2020 tarihinde tanımlanan Covid-19 hastalığı, özellikle turizm sektörünü olumsuz yönde etkilemiştir. Çalışmanın ilk bölümünde krizin kavramsal tanımı yapılarak kriz süreçleri, kriz yönetimi yaklaşımları ve krizin olumlu-olumsuz etkileri sunulmuştur. İkinci bölümde, Covid-19 hastalığı ile ilgili genel bilgi verilmiştir. Sonrasında, dünyada ve Türkiye’de turizm sektörü üzerindeki etkileri tablolar halinde sunulmuştur. İstatistiki veriler, Birleşmiş Milletler Dünya Turizm Örgütü, T.C Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı ve Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu’nun resmi sayfalarından elde edilmiştir. Son bölümde, konaklama, ulaştırma ve yiyecek – içecek işletmelerine yönelik düzenlemeler sunulmuştur. Turizm işletmelerine yönelik düzenlemeler, ilgili bakanlıklar ve diğer kurumlar tarafından yayınlanan genelgeler ve duyurulardan alınarak derlenmiştir. Türkiye ekonomisi için çok önemli bir sektör olan turizmde, kriz yönetimi konusunda Covid-19 pandemisi ile birçok tecrübe edinilmiştir. Bu tecrübelerin gelecekteki krizlerde faydalı olacağı kesindir. Literatür taraması yöntemi kullanılarak, güncel veriler, hükümet yayınları ve genelgeler aracılığıyla hazırlanan bu çalışmanın gelecekteki krizlerin olumsuz etkilerini azaltmada yararlı olması beklenmektedir.
Quantitative and qualitative attributes of dead wood in dominated by Carpinus betulus L. forests in Kaniv Nature Reserve
Authors: Chornobrov O. , Shevchik V. , Solomakha I.
Published: April 2021

The article presents the quantitative and qualitative attributes of dead wood in forests dominated by Carpinus betulus L. in Kaniv Nature Reserve. The study was conducted in 130–140-year natural common hornbeam forests on two permanent sample plots of 0.24 ha each by identifying and measuring all components of standing and lying (fallen) dead wood. It was found that wood detritus has an average volume of 39.8 m3/ha consists of standing dead trees (23.1%) and fallen dead wood (76.9%). The species composition is dominated by common hornbeam (96.5%), and the share of Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) is low (3.5%). Wood of II (13.2 m3/ha, 33.1%) and III (12.2 m3/ha, 30.7%) classes of destruction predominates. Standing dead wood is formed by only one tree species — common hornbeam and has an average volume of 9.2 m3/ha. It is represented mainly by standing broken trees. The volume of standing dead wood is dominated by wood detritus of the II stage of decomposition (95.7%). Fallen dead wood is formed by two tree species — common hornbeam (95.4%) and Norway maple (4.6%), has an average volume of 30.6 m3/ha. It is represented by whole uprooted and broken fallen trees (trunks), fragments of fallen trees (trunks) and rough branches. Lying dead wood is represented by detritus of all five classes of decomposition, but wood of III (12.2 m3/ha, 39.9%) and IV (9.6 m3/ha, 31.4%) classes predominates. The volume of fallen dead wood is mainly formed by components with an average diameter of 10.1–30.0 cm (75.7%). The diversity of fractions and components, structural features, sizes and stages of decomposition of dead wood can be important in the formation of potential habitats and substrates for a number of species of living organisms.
The pathogenic mycobium in seeds of cultural plant varieties
Authors: Beznosko І. , Gorgan Т. , Gavrilyuk L. , Turovnik Y. , Kosovska N.
Published: April 2021

The number phytopathogenic micromycetes is determined in the seeds of such cultivated varieties of cultural plant as soybeans, sunflowers, yellow mustard, buckwheat and thistle, which are grown by organic technology. It is shown that the number of micromycetes in the plant seeds differs significantly and ranges from 0.2 to 1.3 thousand NCO/g seeds. It depends on properties plants variety and hybrid, which are characterized by some certain set of physiological and biochemical characteristics that influences the formation seed mycobiome and it is quantitative composition. In the seeds varieties of these crops we identified such species of the phytopathogenic fungi as Alternaria alternate Fr., Fusarium oxysporum Schleht, Cladosporium herbarum Lket Gray, Botrytiscinerea Pers. Ex Fr., Ascochyta fagopyri Bres., Alternaria tenuissima (Kunze) Wiltshire, Aspergillus P. Micheliex Haller, Pénicillium Link. It was found that the species composition of phytopathogenic micromycetes in the seeds of soybean cultivar Kent and thistle Riches is much more diverse than the seeds other crops dominated by fungi A. alternate and F. oxysporum, which are characterized by different frequency of occurrence. These phytopathogenic fungi can cause plant diseases at different stages of ontogenesis, produce mycotoxins and reduce the quality of plant products. In the mycobiome of seeds buckwheat varieties Sophia, Sуn and sunflower hybrids Oscar and Oliver are dominated by fungi of the genus Pénicillium аnd Aspergillus (60–90%). The seeds affected by saprotrophic fungi can be reinfected during storage. This reduces its field and laboratory germination of the seeds. Saprotrophic fungi that dominate the seeds significantly impair its quality during storage and cause dangerous plant diseases in agrophytocenoses during the cultivation of this variety/hybrid. This requires the application of additional preventive protection measures of plants. Mycobioma mustard seeds of а yellow variety Ford represents a small number the phytopathogenic micromycetes. This may indicate its environmental safety in organic production. Thus, the analyzed research results indicate a significant differentiation in varieties species as to composition and number of phytopathogenic species of micromycetes in the seed mycobioma. Therefore, in order to avoid ecologic risks and biological contamination of agrocenoses, it is necessary to test the seeds, as on the density of the mycobiome and on the frequency of phytopathogenic micromycetes damage.
Ecological assessment of heavy metal pollution of groundwater in Kyiv region
Authors: Shumigay I. , Yermishev O. , Маnіshеvskа N.
Published: April 2021

In recent years, as a result of intense anthropogenic impact, the composition of groundwater has changed markedly. Despite the relatively high protection of groundwater from pollution, the content of pollutants is detected in significant quantities. One of the priority groups of chemical pollution is heavy metals, which belong to an important group of environmental pollutants. Depending on the forms of being in the water, they differ in their chemical and biological activity. Currently, determining the quality of groundwater, identification of trace elements is a topical issue. This article presents the results of research on the content of trace elements in groundwater. Analysis of the content of heavy metals in the wells of Kyiv region during 2020 shows that a significant excess of water pollution by heavy metals is not observed. Taking into account the current MPC, a small excess of iron and zinc content was noted in Volodarskyi district. Heavy metals are known to have mutagenic, toxic effects and affect the intensity of biochemical processes. But the toxicity of trace elements is determined not by their total concentration in water, but by the forms of finding. Therefore, the presence of VM in drinking water samples is highly undesirable, as there will be a constant supply of chronic doses to the human body. As a result, it became necessary to calculate the total pollution of heavy metals, groundwater samples in Kyiv region. In addition, the ecological state of the environment is directly related to changes in the internal human environment. It is the deficiency or excess of certain microelements in drinking water or non-observance of its stable chemical composition in certain areas that from time to time outbreaks of diseases, the cause of which is difficult to establish. Heavy metals that can be found in drinking water are very harmful to human health. The most dangerous Cd, Pb, because on the one hand their man-made accumulation in the environment is quite high, and on the other — these elements have a significant affinity for physiologically important organic compounds and can inhibit the most important metabolic processes, inhibit growth and development. Their long-term effects on the human body can lead to the development of cancer, damage to organs, the nervous system, and in extreme cases, to death, as noted in the publication.
Ecologiсal and genetic changes in populations of silver (Hypophtalmichthys molitrix) and bighead (Aristichthys nobilis) carp
Authors: Stecyk I. , Mariutsa A. , Tarasyuk S.
Published: April 2021

A comparative characterization of the genetic structure of populations of silver carp and bighead carp by four primers (CTC)6C, (GAG)6C, (AGC)6G, (AGC)6C was given. The average value of (Na) in silver carp and bighead carp was at the level of 45.7 and 42.7. In the bighead carp, the highest number of amplicons and the highest value of the effective number of alleles per locus were observed for primer (AGC)6C and were equal to 62 and 15.4, respectively. The least polymorphic in number of amplicons per locus was primer (CTC)6C, where the values were 29. According to the studied four primers, the effective number of alleles per locus ranged from 6.3 to 15.4. In silver carp, the largest number of amplicons and the highest value of the effective number of alleles per locus were observed with primer (GAG)6C and were equal to 57 and 18.5, respectively. The least polymorphic in the number of amplicons per locus was primer (CTC)6C, where the values were 34. According to the studied four primers, the effective number of alleles per locus ranged from 6.3 to 18.5. The comparative analysis of ecological and genetic changes allowed studying the genetic variability of silver and bighead carp at the population level. In addition to specific amplicons, unique DNA fragments inherent in populations at the species level have been found. Specific «species» and «population» polymorphic ISSR-markers, identified in this work, allow to use them as a basis for further comprehensive research for molecular labelling on the population level and to establish phylogenetic relationships, genomic profile of the species, as well as monitoring the genetic structure of fish. The optimized ISSR method can serve as an effective tool for further genetic studies of populations of silver carp and bighead carp. The obtained results allow controlling the selection and breeding work in the process of reproduction of the gene pool of existing fish populations. To increase the efficiency of selection and breeding work in fish farming, it is advisable to use genetic markers that have a high specificity to individual DNA fragments of fish.
Creating triticale varieties (Triticosecale Wittmack el. Camus) by remote hybridization
Authors: Kirilchuk A.
Published: April 2021

The results of research in the department of grain breeding and seed production in 2015–2017 are presented in the territory of the grain-ploughed crop rotation of the State Enterprise of the experimental farm «Chabany» of the NSC «Institute of Agriculture NAAN» located in the Fastiv district of Kiev region. Individual selection of genotypes from hybrid material derived from intraspecies and remote crossings conducted under a special program, with specified parameters of yield and quality of grain, resistance to adverse biotic and abiotic factors of the environment, resistance to the most common diseases in the zone. It was revealed that using the traditional method of interbreeding, between intraspecies Triticale/Triticale and S. cereale/S. cereale can get a high percentage of ovary seeds 45.1–55.4% and 30.6% respectively. Between the distant species T. aestivum/S. cereale found a low percentage of ovary seeds 5.8–6.7%, in addition, the plants that formed had 80% sterile ear, the remaining 20% was observed open flowering. For interspecies and inter-generic rapprochements obtaining a new form that in the future sustainably holds and improves its features has been developed a way of creating the source material for the selection of triticale by using dental NITI-Files to remove tissues of one original form and introduction to another, which without losing their independence are in a state of symbiosis. During interspecies and interancestral rapprochements a new form is obtained, which in the future steadily holds and improves its signs. The original material, which is obtained after fertilization, is 100% vaccinated by the plant «insemination». Remote interbreeding according to the method developed by us has ensured the creation of a new diverse source material for the breeding of winter triticale for the zone of Polissia and the northern Lisostep of Ukraine, which is characterized by a high seed largeness and an increased gluten content in the grain. The resulting material is studied and used in hybridization.
Conceptual aspects of improving the energy efficiency of agricultural complex in conditions of sustainable development
Authors: Drebot O. , Bendasyuk O. , Vysochanska M. , Schavinska A.
Published: April 2021

The article identifies and analyzes the relevance of the formation of new energy opportunities for the agro-industrial complex (AIC), which will stabilize energy consumption. Theoretical and methodological bases of organizational and economic aspects of realization of bioenergy potential of agrarian sector of economy are analyzed and investigated. Possibilities of biofuel and energy production, possibility of using different types of local energy sources for energy supply are estimated. The problem in the field of regulation and development of the fuel and energy complex and the inconsistency of transformation measures in the energy sector with the methods of reforming the energy industry, agriculture, services and utilities of Ukraine are analyzed. The state, tendencies and strategy of energy complex development are analyzed; the forecast estimation of energy possibility of introduction of new stages of application of renewable energy sources in agriculture is executed. The analysis of the current state of the energy balance of the agricultural sector is carried out, and the topical issues of imperfection of the bioenergy and RES production process are identified. Ways to increase the economic efficiency of energy saving by increasing the capacity of biogeneration of energy, based on local energy sources, taking into account the savings in their use, as well as obtaining additional funds from the sale of electricity at a green tariff. It is recommended to improve and harmonize the production of raw materials for biofuel energy and to introduce control over the reporting of economic entities.
The efficiency of growing rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at different levels of lysine and methionine in feeding
Authors: Kondratiuk V.
Published: April 2021

The article considers the issue of the effectiveness of the use of complete feed with different levels of lysine and methionine for the cultivation of rainbow trout. Experimental studies on this yearling rainbow trout є (Walbaum, 1792) were conducted in the farm «Shipot» Perechyn district of Transcarpathian region. The aim of the experiment was to establish the effect of different levels of amino acid nutrition of this yearling trout on its performance. For this purpose, five experimental groups were formed by the method of analogues. The experiment lasted 55 days and was divided into two periods: equalization (5 days) and basic (50 days). During the equalization period, the experimental fish consumed feed of the control group. In the basic period, the level of lysine and methionine in experimental feeds for different experimental groups of trout ranged from 2.7 to 3.1% and from 0.85 to 1.05%, respectively. Trout were fed 6 times a day during the growing season. The required amount of feed was calculated according to the indicators of individual weight of young and the temperature of the environment at the time of feeding. Trout were grown in ponds at a water level of 1 m. Weighing of experimental young trout was performed once every 5 days. It is proved that the reduction of lysine content to 2.7% and methionine to 0.85% in compound feed for this year trout weighing more than 10 g causes a significant (p<0.05) decrease in fish productivity. In particular, it was found that feeding compound feeds with the above amino acid levels helps to reduce trout weight by 10.4% and reduce growth rate by 9.1–19.9% compared to fish fed lysine and methionine at level 2.9 and 0.95%, respectively. The increase in these indicators in the feed for trout this year is accompanied by some positive trend to increase their productivity, but no significant difference has been established. In the course of research it was determined that the feed consumption per 1 kg of weight gain in this year of trout, which received feed with a content of lysine 3.0% and methionine 1.0% were lower by 10.3%, and with the content of these amino acids at level 2.7 and 0.85%, respectively — 17.1% higher compared to fish that consumed food with a content of lysine 2.9 and methionine 0.95%. The use of complete feed with different levels of lysine and methionine for feeding trout this year did not significantly affect the safety of fish, which was in the range of 82.0–83.1%. For the production of trout products in terms of maximum productivity and economic optimization criteria, for feeding trout weighing more than 10 g, it is recommended to use complete feed with a level of lysine — 3.0% and methionine — 1.0%.
The Dynamic Effects of Growth, Financial Development and Trade Openness on Tax Revenue in Malaysia
Authors: Nanthakumar Loganathan  , Norsiah Ahmad  , Thirunaukarasu Subramaniam
Published: April 2021

This study explores the effects of domestic financial development, growth and trade openness on tax collection for Malaysia using the ARDL and bootstrap rolling window estimates covering the period 1970-2017. The empirical results suggest that, the presence oflong-run relationship between tax revenue and per capita GDP and short-run relationship between tax collection, economic growth, financial development and trade openness. We foundthatthere is a short-run unidirectional causality running between tax collection, economic growth and financial development. This result suggests that, in the long-run, economic performance and financial development have an adverse effect on tax collection, while trade openness has no significant causality impact on tax collection in Malaysia. Based on the empirical results of the study, the country should pay more attention to enhance the effectiveness of future public expenditure programs and put more emphasisson dynamic fiscal policy targeting on tax reform and securing new sourcesof tax revenues to ensure continuous flow of long-term tax revenue coupled with sustainable economic growth, trade and financial performances in up-coming years.
Online CSR Disclosures of Philippines’ Top 30 Publicly-Listed Companies
Authors: Jesus P. Briones
Published: April 2021

This study investigated the extent of online CSR disclosures of the top 30 publicly-listed companies in the Philippines. Employing the content analysis approach, the study determined the CSR index of each company using Khasharmeh & Desoky’s approach (2013). Findingsrevealed that all the companies have stand alone section in their corporate websites where CSR activities are disclosed with “CSR” or “Sustainability” as the most popular heading. The study also found out that among the four CSR category themes,information related to community involvement, and environment themes are generally prioritized compared with the other category themes. Thesubject-companies havebelowaverage level of disclosure with overall disclosure index of 27.93. The study concluded that online CSR disclosures significantly varies along the four category themes while length of business of operation is considered as the only determinant of CSR disclosures among the firm attributes covered in the study.
Event Tourism Demand and Selected Macroeconomic Variables: An Econometrics View of the Long-Run and Short-Run Relationships
Authors: Sally Ann Yu-Ing Yap  , Norazirah Ayob  , Chin-Hong Puah
Published: April 2021

Assessing the substantial economic benefits of event tourism will provide insight into the effectiveness of tourism event in Malaysia.The significance of the tourism event sector has the potential to boost Malaysia’s economic growth, increase the arrivalof international tourists, increase tourist expenditure and further job creations.This study empirically investigates determinantsof event tourism demand in Malaysia during the period of 1991Q1to 2016Q4. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) techniqueis used to find the long-run cointegration relationshipsof the model. The model is further tested by employing diagnostic tests(Normality test, Serial Autocorrelation, Heteroscedasticity and Ramsey’s RESET test) and stability tests(CUSUM and CUSUMSQ). The empirical analysis of the boundstest indicatesthat there is a long-run cointegration among the variables under study. Besides that, the ARDL model produces reliable results,as all of the computed coefficientsof the independent variables are statistically significant with the expected signs. The findings are consistent witheconomic theory and the model passed all of the diagnostic tests.The findings of this study imply that event demand can be improved significantly when government spending,theexchange rate and tourist receipts increaseand the crude oil price decreases. Hence, government authorities and the private sector should createan integrated plan to enhancethe profit gained through the Malaysian economyfrom event tourism.
Signalling Effect of Auditor Reputation and Lock-Up Period on Over-Subscription Ratio: Evidence from Malaysian Fixed-Price IPOs
Authors: Ali Albada  , Othman Yong  , Soo-Wah Low
Published: April 2021

This study investigates the signalling effect of auditor reputation and lock-up period on the subscription demand of investors in the Malaysian IPO market that uses the fixed-price method in pricing IPOs. The study sample covers 420 IPOs listedon Bursa Malaysia from January 2000 to December 2015. The present study employsOrdinary Least Square(OLS)andQuantile Regression(QR)methodsin investigating the signalling effect on over-subscription ratio (OSR). The results indicate that auditor reputation has a negative effect and the lock-up period has a positive effect on OSR. This shows that investors’ demand in Malaysia is driven by capital gain and not by the quality of the listing firm. This is also supported by the control variables, where IPOs with low initial return, high offer price, high institutional involvement, and reputable underwriterhave lower OSR because they have lower initial returns.
The Assessment of Direct Agricultural Investment and Cash Transfer on Households in Malaysia: An Evidence of Compensation Mechanisms for Fuel Subsidy Removal
Authors: Sze-Ying Loo  , Mukaramah Harun
Published: April 2021

The objective of this study was to examine the impacts of introducing compensation mechanisms of direct agricultural investment and cash transfer for fuel subsidy removal, with particular focus on the income and consumption of all household segments in Malaysia. A computable general equilibrium (CGE) model was built on the basics of the standardized LöfgrenCGE model to conduct this study. The subsidy removal, without integrating any compensation mechanism, imposed additional burdens of living cost on households as fuel was one of the important elements of the consumption basket especially during the period of transition, thus indicating a need for this study. The ultimate results revealed that the introduction of direct cash transfer was more desirable for both the low-and the medium-income segments to live with high prices where their existing consumption level would be maintained. Comparatively, the direct agricultural investment by increasing the use of intermediate inputs in the production did not seem to be enough to help the rural low-income segment within the period, mainly because of reducing the factor income (factor reallocation effect), and exaggerating consumption expenditure subsequently. Thus, direct cash transfer was considered a direct and faster way to help the needy in the short term. However, the direct agricultural investment remained the best approach to gain long-lasting impacts; not only in helping the rural poor, who mostly dealt in agricultural activities, but also in motivating overall economic activities
Cultural Similarity Effect on the Relationship Quality between Exporters and Intermediaries and Export Performance of SMEs
Authors: Norliza Hamir Basah  , Siew-Imm Ng  , Jo-Ann Ho  , Raja Nerina Raja Yusof
Published: April 2021

Quality is a crucial component for developing a relationship between SME exporters and exporter intermediaries. The key role that quality plays in enhancing the performance of SMEs in foreign markets has been highlighted. Additionally, in order to support the development of such a relationship, cultural similarity is a fundamental catalyst particularly for initial stages of theinternationalization process due to the belief that companies perform better in foreign markets if they possess similar cultural backgrounds. However,there have beenprevious studies have reported inconsistencies in findings between cultural similarity andperformance. Hence, the purpose of this study is to examine what are the mechanisms inwhich cultural similarity can lead to relationship quality as well as performance. This current study usedthe Internationalization Process (IP) Theory and the Relational Exchange Theory (RET) to examine the synergistic effect of several factors on export performance within the context of Malaysian exporting SMEs and exporter intermediaries. A quantitative method was employed in this study where the primary data derived from 203 SME manufacturing exporting firms in Malaysia. Structural Equation Modeling using SmartPLS was used for data analysis. The result indicates that all hypotheses are supported. Findings may contribute to enriching the existing literature on export performance of Malaysian SMEs which use foreign intermediaries.
Intrinsic Factors Affecting the Acceptance of Muslim Small Entrepreneurs in Kelantan Towards Ar-Rahnu
Authors: Salimah Yahaya
Published: April 2021

Small entrepreneurs are often associated with the issue of difficulty in obtaining capital due to lack of trust from financial institutions. This is due to no loan repayment guarantee by small entrepreneurs. Therefore, Ar-Rahnu is one of the alternatives to small entrepreneurs to get financing easily and quickly. However, response of Ar-Rahnu towards entrepreneurial goals is still low as a result of focusing more on personal use rather than for entrepreneurial purposes. Is this low response related to the low acceptance of Ar-Rahnu? Hence, this article intends to identify the intrinsic factors (internal stimuli) that affect the acceptance of Muslim small entrepreneurs in Kelantan towards Ar-Rahnu. A total of 350 respondents were selected by a purposeful sampling consisting of Muslim small entrepreneurs in Kelantan. The set of questionnaires consisted of 8 items relating to respondents' backgrounds, and 20 items on the intrinsic factors that affected the acceptance of small entrepreneurs towards Ar-Rahnu. The findings were analysed descriptively to analyse the percentage and mean values using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. Overall, small entrepreneurs in Kelantan exhibited positive acceptance of Ar-Rahnu based on the intrinsic factors. This was indicated by the high mean value displayed by each item, particularly items for halal and haram considerations.