bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physiological response of hemostasis of piglets to excessive thermal effects
Authors: Mekhanikova Marina V. , Shestakova Svetlana V. , Ryzhakina Tatyana P.
Published: February 2020

Currently, the pig feels the need to further clarify aspects of the physiology of pigs. It is very important to clarify the changes of functional parameters of piglets at the impact of any environmental factors. Negative environmental impact can often particularly adversely affect hemostasis. However, changes its parameters clarified weakly. Objective: to assess changes in hemostasis in piglets undergoing overheating. The research involved 42 pigs at the age of 2.5 months breed: large white, which has experienced overheating during 3 hours as a result of breakdown of air conditioning system. The control group included 32 healthy animals kept in normal conditions of a pigsty. The experienced piglets determined significant increase of platelet aggregation that occur spontaneously and in response to stimulation. Experienced pigs blood coagulation was found high and significant weakening of fibrinolysis. Apparently, the overheating affects animals’ haemorheology and significantly inhibits anabolism. It is clear that in piglets, which suffered from overheating, activated hemostatic system, which affects the microcirculation and inhibits growth. For this reason, there is a great need in the search approaches for leveling in piglets undergoing an episode of overheating, excessive activity of blood coagulation and increased platelet aggregation.
Factors of biologization of farming in the forest-steppe zone of Volga region
Authors: Toigildin Aleksandr , Morozov Vladimir , Podsevalov Mikhail , Ayupov Denis , Toigildina Irina , Mustafina Rezida
Published: February 2020

The modern development of world farming was announced at the UN Conference on Environment and Development, and is connected with the biosphere paradigm of nature management (1992), which implies the priority of maintaining the ecological functions of soils and landscapes (ecologization). In agriculture, ecologization is known as “organic farming” (ecological, biological, etc.), but in Russia, “organic farming”, in its pure form (without pesticides and chemical fertilizers), has not gained momentum yet. The legislative base for this was developed only in 2019 and in the coming years it is unlikely to receive widespread distribution among representatives of agribusiness for economic, social and cultural reasons. Further development of modern agribusiness is possible due to technological modernization through the technological upgrading by means of a system of biologization. In this article, we have revealed the main factors and practical methods of biologization of modern farming under the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Volga region.
Use of fractal analysis to evaluate the surface quality of agricultural machinery parts
Authors: Bavykin Oleg , Levina Tatyana , Matrosova Vladlena , Klochkov Anatoly , Enin Vitaliy
Published: February 2020

The research of the determination of the fractal characteristics of the surface of a material proposes the use of a stationary profilograph and a computer program for calculating the Hurst exponent. The low accuracy of fractal analysis using the well-known computer program Fractan is revealed. A computer program developed in VBA for the fractal analysis of the time series is described. The high accuracy of the algorithms for calculating the Hurst exponent incorporated in this program is shown.
Role of agricultural processing for food security of the Trans-Baikal Territory
Authors: Shishkina Natalia P. , Klinnikova Nina V. , Rodionova Svetlana N.
Published: February 2020

The article is devoted to the assessment of the impact of the food industry of the Trans-Baikal territory on the food security of the region. A study based on the actual state of the industry showed that its development is impossible without improving the situation in agriculture. The presence of a large volume of products imported into the Trans-Baikal Territory indicates a strong dependence of its economy on external supplies. A partial solution of the problem is possible on condition of creation of agro-holdings in the region covering the full cycle production of food products from cultivation of raw materials to reception of final product.
Powdered intermediate of yacon as a prebiotic ingredient of bakery products
Authors: Derkanosova N.M. , Shelamova S. A. , Vasilenko O.A. , Gins V. K. , Derkanosov N. I.
Published: February 2020

The current stage of consumer market development is described by increasing interest in healthy food products, specialized, and functional purpose foods. In these conditions, the solution of the problem of the correction of the composition, while preserving the taste, aroma and other consumer characteristics, is of particular importance. The complex of organoleptic, physicochemical, and microbiological tests confirmed the technological feasibility of using yacon powder in bakery technology made of a mixture of rye and wheat flour. The studies on the composition of yacon powder, its effect on the growth and development of lactic acid bacteria demonstrate the possibility of using yakon powder as a functional food ingredient with a prebiotic effect. The results obtained are confirmed by a comparative characteristic of the quality and composition of bread made of the mixture of rye and wheat flour of the control and experimental samples with the addition of powdered yacon semi-finished product.
Risks of modern biotechnologies and legal aspects of their implementation in agriculture
Authors: Nezhmetdinova F. T. , Guryleva M. E. , Sharypova N. Kh. , Zinurova R. I. , Tuzikov A. R.
Published: February 2020

The main purpose of this study is to determine the best practices of social regulation of negative consequences for modern biotechnology use based on a comparative review of European and Russian legal regulations on food safety. The paper gives original classification of risks of biotechnologies introduction in agriculture, namely: food, agricultural, environmental, patent, social and ethical ones. Although risk assessment systems have been in use for some time, consumers do not always trust the results. One explanation for this is that in the past many national food safety systems had problems with timely notification of certain products’ potential hazards. In many countries, social and ethical views can be the reason for rejection of certain products, manipulation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Such conflicts often reflect deeper issues about the interaction of human society and nature – issues that must be fully taken into account in any attempt at social communication. Authors offer a mode of social control and consensus in the form of agrobioethics, similar to bioethics in biomedical technologies.
Effect of calcium applications on ion accumulation in different organs of pepper plant under salt stress
Authors: Yasar F. , Uzal O.
Published: February 2020

The present study was carried out in a climate chamber and water culture of physiology laboratory of Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture. Demre pepper varieties are used in the study of different levels of calcium (Ca) morphological and biochemical effects of pepper plants under salt stress were investigated. The study was carried out in 16/8 hour light / dark photoperiod, 25 oC and % 70 humid climate chamber in controlled conditions. In order to determine the biochemical changes occurring in stressed plants, the amount of ions Na, K, Ca, Cl in root, stem and leaves of plants and Ca/Na ratio were determined. The accumulation of Na and Cl ions was found to decrease in root, stem and leaves as the dose of Ca increased. It can be said that increasing doses of Ca applications under salt stress are partially effective in reducing the negative effects of salt.
Technological factors influence on the work efficiency of the feed grinder
Authors: Gomaa Ibrahim M. , Kashapov Ildar I. , Khaidarov Ramil R. , Sabirov Rais F. , Khasanova Farida F.
Published: February 2020

The article discusses the factors affecting the reduction of the energy consumption of feed chopping and the justification of the feed chopper parameters. There is a design and principle of operation of the laboratory setup presented and described. A corn cob chopper with improved chopping quality reduces energy consumption, lowers operating costs and improves feed digestibility.
Evaluation of anthropogenic sustainability of agro-gray forest soil in intensive agriculture by change of its biological activity indicators
Authors: Murtazina Sufia , Gaffarova Lilia , Murtazin Malik , Saimardanova Alfia
Published: February 2020

Studies have been carried out with the identification of criteria for the anthropogenic stability of agro-gray forest soils according to the main indicators of biological activity under conditions of intensive farming. Soils of this type are dominant in the soil cover of the Republic of Tatarstan, so the results of the experiment can be widely interpolated to similar conditions of soil formation and serve as quickly defined markers for diagnosing anthropogenic pressure. Studies have been carried out in field crop rotation since 1992, using various doses of potassium at three levels of soil nitrogen supply. As a result of long-term use of fertilizers, changes in microbiological activity have been revealed, in the variant with the use of environmentally balanced doses of mineral nutrition, an increase in microorganisms from 3,400 thousand (control) to 4,000 thousand per 1 g of soil is observed. A subsequent increase in the dose of fertilizers led to a decrease in the number of microorganisms relative to the control. Under the influence of the optimal combination of fertilizers (option 3), conditions for the development of actinomycetes, ammonifiers, nitrifiers, cellulose-decomposing bacteria are improved, while very high doses of mineral fertilizers (N180P60K200) worsen them, indicating a decrease in the activity of beneficial bacterial microflora. This leads to a slowdown in decomposition of fiber, nitrification and other biochemical processes. Indicators of the biological activity of the soil correlate among themselves, as well as with other indicators of its fertility, with the productivity of crop rotation and therefore can serve as an additional diagnostic sign when assessing the anthropogenic stability of the agricultural soil of the agricultural soil in intensive agriculture.
Application of the ABC method in animal husbandry
Authors: Pavlyuchenko Tatyana , Kosteva Natalya
Published: February 2020

One of the most important problems is the timely and accurate accounting of costs and output. Providing benefits from sales, obtaining benefits from enterprises and, accordingly, improving the quality of products. In this regard, the problem of building a system of state accounting of costs in agriculture is very relevant for national scientists. The article explores the methods of calculating the cost of livestock production by the traditional method and the ABC method, and also studies the prospects for determining the nature of ABC in the practice of enterprises. The study should lead to difficulties. This system is not widespread and does not have developed guidelines. This can lead to an incorrect distribution of processes and costs, a distortion of the calculation of the cost of production. Nevertheless, with a competent approach to using these parameters, you can get more accurate results.
Methodology and results of comparative atmospheric tests of experimental conservation composition
Authors: Shlykov Alexey E. , Mironov Evgeniy B. , Gaidar Sergey M. , Erzamaev Maxim P. , Kurmanova Leyla S.
Published: February 2020

The article presents the results of full-scale comparative tests of various protective compositions, for which the Movil car preservative, Litol-24 grease, PVC grease, K-17 preservation oil, experimental preservation compound (EKS-1) were used. The objects of conservation are steel plates of grades U8, 65G, 45, 40X, and St3. After the tests, etching, weighing, measuring the surface roughness of the samples were performed, and metal losses were determined. Tests of EKS-1 show protective efficacy comparable to that of greases, and in some cases, it significantly exceeds it. It is proved that the area of corrosion and metal loss during the test of the composition on these materials was not more than 4.7 % and 5.3 g/m2 per year, respectively. The research results show that the use of the protective composition EKS-1, due to its manufacturability, significantly reduces the complexity of work during the conservation of agricultural machinery, as well as ensures the protection of metal products during both short-term and long-term storage.
Possible effects of functional feed additive as a growth promoter in turkeys and pigs
Authors: Gainullina Munira , Volkov Ali , Dandrawy Mohamed , Yusupova Galia , Yakimov Oleg
Published: February 2020

Effects of functional feed additives based on the fungus Fusarium.S and organic acids were studied. The research studied corporal parameters, the safety, growth and development of young turkeys and pigs. It was found that the Asido Bio-TCIT feed additive improves the physiological state of piglets and turkey poults, reduces feed conversion, increases live weight and profitability of meat production.
Development of a high-density highly oriented graphite stripper
Authors: Hasebe Hiroo , Okuno Hiroki , Tatami Atsushi , Tachibana Masamitsu , Murakami Mutsuaki , Imao Hiroshi , Fukunishi Nobuhisa , Kase Masayuki , Kamigaito Osamu
Published: February 2020

High-density highly oriented graphite sheets provided by Kaneka Corporation have been applied as stripper disks for heavy-ion acceleration at RIKEN RI Beam Factory since 2014. The graphite sheets withstand increasing amounts of beam intensity. We observed the graphite sheets after beam irradiation with an electron microscope and their lifetime was discussed.
The irradiation study of carbon stripper foils by a 12 MeV Ar beam
Authors: Jiang Wen , Mittig Wolfgang , Pellemoine Frederique , Ahn Tan , Robertson Daniel , Stech Edward , Kumar Nalin
Published: February 2020

Irradiation performance of multilayer HBC foils which layers are more than 20 were conducted for the first time, and different types of carbon stripper foils were dosed under a series of irradiation conditions systematically. Eight (8) types of carbon stripper foils were striked by Ar4+ beam under different intensities and fluences. Multilayer foils performed generally better than the monolayer ones. The existence of boron layer helped to increase the resistance of the foils to irradiation damage, elongating their lifetimes.
Methods of targets’ characterization
Authors: Stodel Christelle
Published: February 2020

The paper reviews the characterization’s techniques for solid targets used in nuclear physics with special emphasis on actinide targets. The determination of the thickness, isotopic and chemical composition are described for actinide targets during their fabrication process. Accent is given on their monitoring during irradiation.
Preventing damage to floating foils caused by Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities
Authors: Stoner John O. , Stoner Robert B. , Stoner Constance G.
Published: February 2020

An evaporated metal foil target is often produced on a layer of water-soluble parting agent previously applied to a massive substrate. The foil is then floated onto a water surface by immersing the substrate into a water bath. and is picked up later if the foil survives. During the foil's release, a significant fraction of the dissolved parting agent may remain close to the floating foil, as a "heavy" thin layer of solution having higher density than water. This layer of parting agent solution and the lower-density water bath below it form a gravitationally unstable configuration known as a Rayleigh-Taylor instability. If the foil is sufficiently thin, its mass and elastic properties can be ignored, and the motion of the liquids is determined by only the liquids' properties. This system can spontaneously adjust itself toward stability in several ways, one of which involves rotating a cylindrical liquid cell having a horizontal axis, and its cylindrical surface tangent to the surface. This motion moves part of the heavy layer from the top surface downward. The target maker detects this occurrence by the motions of the foil floating on the top of the bath; if the foil is frail, these motions may result in the crumpling, wrinkling, or tearing of the foil. We have observed such behavior with aluminum foils having thickness of 37 nm and diameter of 920 mm on NaCl parting agent, and have successfully implemented methods to prevent such damage.
Hybrid additive manufacturing of steels and alloys
Authors: Popov Vladimir V. , Fleisher Alexander
Published: February 2020

Hybrid additive manufacturing is a relatively modern trend in the integration of different additive manufacturing techniques in the traditional manufacturing production chain. Here the AM-technique is used for producing a part on another substrate part, that is manufactured by traditional manufacturing like casting or milling. Such beneficial combination of additive and traditional manufacturing helps to overcome well-known issues, like limited maximum build size, low production rate, insufficient accuracy, and surface roughness. The current paper is devoted to the classification of different approaches in the hybrid additive manufacturing of steel components. Additional discussion is related to the benefits of Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) and Direct Energy Deposition (DED) approaches for hybrid additive manufacturing of steel components.
Prüfungsthema: Blut
Authors: Schmid Eva C.
Published: February 2020

In diesem HPA-Prüfungstrainer beschäftigen sich alle Fragen mit dem Thema Blut.
Discectomia endoscópica transforaminal lombar: Resultados clínicos e complicações
Authors: Asano Leonardo Yukio Jorge , Bergamaschi João Paulo Machado , Dowling Álvaro , Rodrigues Luciano Miller Reis
Published: February 2020

Objetivo Avaliar os resultados clínicos e funcionais da discectomia endoscópica transforaminal lombar.

Materiais e Métodos De agosto de 2015 a janeiro de 2017, 101 pacientes portadores de hérnia de disco lombar refratária ao tratamento clínico foram submetidos a discectomia endoscópica. Por meio de avaliação clínica pela Escala Visual Analógica e análise funcional pelo questionário Oswestry Disability Index, os pacientes foram analisados no período pré-operatório, no pós-operatório imediato, com 1 mês, 3 meses, 6 meses e 1 ano após a cirurgia.

Resultados A média de idade dos participantes foi de 48.1 anos. Os níveis discais mais acometidos foram L4-L5, seguidos de L5-S1. Um total de 29 pacientes foram abordados em 2 níveis discais. Após 1 mês de seguimento pós-operatório, a média das pontuações nos questionários (EVA e ODI) diminuiu significativamente (p < 0.001).

Conclusão A discectomia endoscópica transforaminal lombar mostrou ser uma alternativa segura, eficaz e minimamente invasiva para o tratamento de hérnia de disco lombar. O procedimento tem vantagens, como curto período de internação hospitalar, cirurgia realizada sob anestesia local e sedação, retorno precoce às atividades diárias, e baixa taxa de complicações.
Deficiência de tiamina em paciente com Síndrome do Intestino Curto: um relato de caso
Authors: Ramos C P , de Mello Elza Daniel
Published: February 2020

Trata-se do relato de caso da paciente O.G., 70 anos, a qual procurou a emergência do Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) por cansaço, dispneia, vômitos e diarreia. Paciente havia sido submetida a ressecção intestinal há 5 anos por hérnia abdominal estrangulada, apresentava sintomas gastrointestinais e emagrecimento progressivo. Na internação apresentava desnutrição e sinais clínicos e ecocardiográficos sugestivos de insuficiência cardíaca (IC), frente à hipótese diagnóstica de IC por deficiência de tiamina, foi iniciado reposição de tiamina 300mg, EV, 1x ao dia. A paciente também foi manejada com reposição de eletrólitos, antibióticos para supercrescimento bacteriano, antiparasitários, e dieta oral, com baixa osmolaridade, sem lactose, pobre em sacarose. Foram realizados também reposição de zinco e vitaminas do complexo B. A paciente recebeu alta hospitalar após 30 dias de internação com melhora clinica e sem sinais clínicos de insuficiência cardíaca. Conclusão: A deficiência da vitamina B1 deve ser investigada em pacientes com desnutrição e SIC, especialmente aqueles que apresentam manifestações cardíacas e neurológicas características do beribéri. O tratamento da deficiência de tiamina é simples e leva a melhora relativamente rápida dos sintomas.
Synthesis of Novel α,β-Unsaturated Sulfonic Acid Derivatives Containing Dithiocarbamate/Xanthate Groups by Ring Opening of an α,β-Unsaturated γ-Sultone
Authors: Ziyaei Halimehjani Azim , Beier Petr , Khalili Foumeshi Maryam
Published: February 2020

An efficient method is disclosed for the synthesis of novel α,β-unsaturated sulfonic acid derivatives containing dithiocarbamate/xanthate groups through ring opening of an α,β-unsaturated γ-sultone with dithiocarbamic acid salts or xanthates prepared in situ. Treatment of the primary products with hydrochloric acid afforded the corresponding β-chloro-γ-(dithiocarbamato)propanesulfonic acids in excellent yields.
Proactive personality and job performance of athletic coaches: organizational citizenship behavior as mediator
Authors: Hsiao Chia-Huei , Wang Fong-Jia
Published: February 2020

Research has suggested that coaches who possess a proactive personality have greater job performance. However, contextual factors that may serve as behaviors conditions have received insufficient attention in the research. Accordingly, this study proposed organizational citizenship behavior as a mediation in the positive relationship between proactive personality and job satisfaction. We have 91 paired, completed questionnaires which formed the basis of the data analysis. Our results suggest that significant correlation between proactive personality, job performance, and OCB. Additionally, OCB mediated between proactive personality and job performance. Our findings provide strong evidence that a high degree of proactive personality among sports coaches has a significant and crucial influence on their OCB and job performance.
Large spin signals in n+-Si/MgO/Co2Fe0.4Mn0.6Si lateral spin-valve devices
Authors: Koike Takeo , Oogane Mikihiko , Tsunoda Masakiyo , Ando Yasuo
Published: February 2020

The spin polarization factor was investigated using electrical spin injection at low temperatures in n+-Si(100)/MgO/ferromagnet lateral spin-valve devices with Co2Fe0.4Mn0.6Si (CFMS) and CoFe electrodes. CFMS films were annealed at different post-annealing temperatures (Ta). Although atomic diffusion of CFMS into the silicon channel was observed at high annealing temperatures, the CFMS device annealed at a Ta of 350 °C, clearly showing a narrow Hanle signal measured using the three-terminal Hanle effect; a consistent spin relaxation time of 7.1 ± 0.4 ns and spin diffusion length of 1.6 ± 0.2 μm were obtained at 10 K. A local three-terminal spin-valve (L-3TSV) signal from the CFMS lateral spin-valve device was obtained at about 370 μV, three times larger than that of the CoFe device. The tunnel spin polarization factor was evaluated from the L-3TSV signals by an analytical equation that considered the spin drift effect. The estimated tunnel spin polarization factor for CFMS was 45% at a Vbias of about 600 mV, while that for CoFe was 18%. This result indicates that the high spin polarization of CFMS is responsible for the large intensity of the L-3TSV signal and that CFMS is a promising FM material for electrical spin injection into silicon.
Data-driven statistical modeling of the emergent behavior of biohybrid microrobots
Authors: Leaman Eric J. , Sahari Ali , Traore Mahama A. , Geuther Brian Q. , Morrow Carmen M. , Behkam Bahareh
Published: February 2020

Multi-agent biohybrid microrobotic systems, owing to their small size and distributed nature, offer powerful solutions to challenges in biomedicine, bioremediation, and biosensing. Synthetic biology enables programmed emergent behaviors in the biotic component of biohybrid machines, expounding vast potential benefits for building biohybrid swarms with sophisticated control schemes. The design of synthetic genetic circuits tailored toward specific performance characteristics is an iterative process that relies on experimental characterization of spatially homogeneous engineered cell suspensions. However, biohybrid systems often distribute heterogeneously in complex environments, which will alter circuit performance. Thus, there is a critically unmet need for simple predictive models that describe emergent behaviors of biohybrid systems to inform synthetic gene circuit design. Here, we report a data-driven statistical model for computationally efficient recapitulation of the motility dynamics of two types of Escherichia coli bacteria-based biohybrid swarms—NanoBEADS and BacteriaBots. The statistical model was coupled with a computational model of cooperative gene expression, known as quorum sensing (QS). We determined differences in timescales for programmed emergent behavior in BacteriaBots and NanoBEADS swarms, using bacteria as a comparative baseline. We show that agent localization and genetic circuit sensitivity strongly influence the timeframe and the robustness of the emergent behavior in both systems. Finally, we use our model to design a QS-based decentralized control scheme wherein agents make independent decisions based on their interaction with other agents and the local environment. We show that synergistic integration of synthetic biology and predictive modeling is requisite for the efficient development of biohybrid systems with robust emergent behaviors.
Statistical properties of quantum probability fluctuations in complex-forming chemical reactions
Authors: Bonnet L. , Larregaray P.
Published: February 2020

The energy dependence of quantum complex-forming reaction probabilities is well known to involve sharp fluctuations, but little seems to be known about their amplitudes. We develop here, for triatomic reactions, an analytical approach of their statistical distribution. This approach shows that the fluctuation amplitudes depend essentially on the number of available quantum states in the reagent and product channels. Moreover, the more numerous the product states, the more efficiently the fluctuations of their populations compensate each other when they add up to give the reaction probability. The predictions of our approach appear to be in good quantitative agreement with quantum scattering calculations for the prototypical reaction H+ + H2.
Universal relation for the orientation of dislocations from prismatic slip systems in hexagonal and rhombohedral strained heterostructures
Authors: Grundmann Marius
Published: February 2020

We present universal formulas for the orientation of misfit dislocations from prismatic slip on a- and m-planes for growth of strained hexagonal and trigonal heterostructures on semipolar orientations. The formulas cover the present work on corundum-phase (Al,Ga)2O3/Al2O3 and reported results from wurtzite-phase nitride and oxide heterostructures.
Gibbs free energy change of a discrete chemical reaction event
Authors: Floyd Carlos , Papoian Garegin A. , Jarzynski Christopher
Published: February 2020

In modeling the interior of cells by simulating a reaction–diffusion master equation over a grid of compartments, one employs the assumption that the copy numbers of various chemical species are small, discrete quantities. We show that, in this case, textbook expressions for the change in Gibbs free energy accompanying a chemical reaction or diffusion between adjacent compartments are inaccurate. We derive exact expressions for these free energy changes for the case of discrete copy numbers and show how these expressions reduce to traditional expressions under a series of successive approximations leveraging the relative sizes of the stoichiometric coefficients and the copy numbers of the solutes and solvent. Numerical results are presented to corroborate the claim that if the copy numbers are treated as discrete quantities, then only these more accurate expressions lead to correct behavior. Thus, the newly derived expressions are critical for correctly computing entropy production in mesoscopic simulations based on the reaction–diffusion master equation formalism.
Small protein number effects in stochastic models of autoregulated bursty gene expression
Authors: Jia Chen , Grima Ramon
Published: February 2020

A stochastic model of autoregulated bursty gene expression by Kumar et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 268105 (2014)] has been exactly solved in steady-state conditions under the implicit assumption that protein numbers are sufficiently large such that fluctuations in protein numbers due to reversible protein–promoter binding can be ignored. Here, we derive an alternative model that takes into account these fluctuations and, hence, can be used to study low protein number effects. The exact steady-state protein number distribution is derived as a sum of Gaussian hypergeometric functions. We use the theory to study how promoter switching rates and the type of feedback influence the size of protein noise and noise-induced bistability. Furthermore, we show that our model predictions for the protein number distribution are significantly different from those of Kumar et al. when the protein mean is small, gene switching is fast, and protein binding to the gene is faster than the reverse unbinding reaction.
Phase diagram of hydrogen at extreme pressures and temperatures; updated through 2019 (Review article)
Authors: Goncharov Alexander
Published: February 2020

Hydrogen is expected to display remarkable properties under extreme pressures and temperatures stemming from its low mass and thus propensity to quantum phenomena. Exploring such phenomena remains very challenging even though there was a tremendous technical progress both in experimental and theoretical techniques since the last comprehensive review (McMahon et al.) was published in 2012. Raman and optical spectroscopy experiments including infrared have been extended to cover a broad range of pressures and temperatures (P—T) probing phase stability and optical properties at these conditions. Novel pulsed laser heating and toroidal diamond anvil techniques together with diamond anvil protecting layers drastically improved the capabilities of static compression methods. The electrical conductivity measurements have been also performed to much higher than previously pressures and extended to low temperatures. The dynamic compression techniques have been dramatically improved recently enabling ramp isentropic compression that allows probing a wide range of P–T thermodynamic pathways. In addition, new theoretical methods have been developed beyond a common DFT theory, which make them predictive and in better agreement with experiments. With the development of new theoretical and experimental tools and sample loading methods, the quest for metallic hydrogen accelerated recently delivering a wealth of new data, which are reviewed here.
Etudes of the resolvent
Authors: Takhtajan L. A.
Published: February 2020

Based on the notion of the resolvent and on the Hilbert identities, this paper presents a number of classical results in the theory of differential operators and some of their applications to the theory of automorphic functions and number theory from a unified point of view. For instance, for the Sturm–Liouville operator there is a derivation of the Gelfand–Levitan trace formula, and for the one-dimensional Schrödinger operator a derivation of Faddeev’s formula for the characteristic determinant and the Zakharov– Faddeev trace identities. Recent results on the spectral theory of a certain functional-difference operator arising in conformal field theory are then presented. The last section of the survey is devoted to the Laplace operator on a fundamental domain of a Fuchsian group of the first kind on the Lobachevsky plane. An algebraic scheme is given for proving analytic continuation of the integral kernel of the resolvent of the Laplace operator and the Eisenstein–Maass series. In conclusion there is a discussion of the relationship between the values of the Eisenstein–Maass series at Heegner points and the Dedekind zeta-functions of imaginary quadratic fields, and it is explained why pseudo-cusp forms for the case of the modular group do not provide any information about the zeros of the Riemann zeta-function.

Bibliography: 50 titles.
Syntactic and prosodic segmentation in spoken French
Authors: Debaisieux Jeanne-Marie , Martin Philippe
Published: February 2020

This chapter presents first of all the analytical framework adopted
for the syntactical study of spoken French productions. In line with the work of the
pronominal approach, the framework postulates that three components are involved in the
constitution of utterances. Two syntactical components, micro- and macrosyntax, and a
prosodic component interact independently in the constitution of units. The second part of
the chapter presents the application of this framework to the analysis of a conversation
excerpt and an excerpt from a monologue.
Key comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K7 of the air-kerma standards of the NIM, China and the BIPM in mammography x-rays
Authors: Kessler C , Burns D T , Roger P , Jinjie Wu , Peiwei Wang
Published: February 2020

A first key comparison has been made between the air-kerma standards of the NIM, Republic of China and the BIPM in mammography x-ray beams. The results show the standards to be in agreement at the level of the combined standard uncertainty of 2.8 parts in 103. The results are analysed and presented in terms of degrees of equivalence, suitable for entry in the BIPM key comparison database.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Final report on EURAMET comparison on 1 kg stainless steel mass standards
Authors: Alisic S , Gutfeldt B , Beaudoux F , Bezjak M , Coenegrachts M , Davidson S , Grgić G , Hanrahan R , Geel J L W A van , Kacmaz S , Mangutova-Stoilkovska B , Miteva M , Navrozidis G , Neuvonen P T , Nielsen L , Ojanen-Saloranta M , Pantić D , Pärn A , Popa G F , Snopko L , Spohr I , Conceição P , Stock M , Vámossy Cs , Wüthrich C , Žandarova T , Zelenka Z , Zůda J , AlQarni Saud M
Published: February 2020

In order to demonstrate the equivalence in calibration of mass standards among National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) of EURAMET this key comparison (KC) on 1 kg stainless steel mass standards has been carried out under the auspices of EURAMET. The comparison was undertaken with reference to the International Prototype Kilogram (IPK) as the definition of the unit of mass. The overall result shows good consistency among the participants.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Learning-based local-to-global landmark annotation for automatic 3D cephalometry
Authors: Yun Hye Sun , Jang Tae Jun , Lee Sung Min , Lee Sang-Hwy , Seo Jin Keun
Published: February 2020

The annotation of three-dimensional (3D) cephalometric landmarks in 3D computerized tomography (CT) has become an essential part of cephalometric analysis, which is used for diagnosis, surgical planning, and treatment evaluation. The automation of 3D landmarking with high-precision remains challenging due to the limited availability of training data and the high computational burden. This paper addresses these challenges by proposing a hierarchical deep-learning method consisting of four stages: 1) a basic landmark annotator for 3D skull pose normalization, 2) a deep-learning-based coarse-to-fine landmark annotator on the midsagittal plane, 3) a low-dimensional representation of the total number of landmarks using variational autoencoder (VAE), and 4) a local-to-global landmark annotator. The implementation of the VAE allows two-dimensional-image-based 3D morphological feature learning and similarity/dissimilarity representation learning of the concatenated vectors of cephalometric landmarks. The proposed method achieves an average 3D point-to-point error of 3.63 mm for 93 cephalometric landmarks using a small number of training CT datasets. Notably, the VAE captures variations of craniofacial structural characteristics.
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a regression detectability index for quality assurance in: x-ray imaging
Authors: Anton M , Veldkamp W J H , Hernandez-Giron I , Elster C
Published: February 2020

Novel iterative image reconstruction methods can help reduce the required radiation dose in x-ray diagnostics such as computed tomography (CT), while maintaining sufficient image quality. Since some of the established image quality measures are not appropriate for reliably judging the quality of images derived by iterative methods, alternative approaches such as task-specific quality assessment would be highly desirable for acceptance or constancy testing. Task-based image quality methods are also closer to tasks performed by the radiologists, such as lesion detection. However, this approach is usually hampered by a huge workload, since hundreds of images are usually required for its application. It is demonstrated that the proposed approach works reliably on the basis of significantly fewer images, and that it correlates well with results obtained from human observers.
Breaking of Josephson junction oscillations and onset of quantum turbulence in Bose–Einstein condensates
Authors: Griffin Adam , Nazarenko Sergey , Proment Davide
Published: February 2020

We analyse the formation and the dynamics of quantum turbulence in a two-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensate with a Josephson junction barrier modeled using the Gross–Pitaevskii equation. We show that a sufficiently high initial superfluid density imbalance leads to randomisation of the dynamics and generation of turbulence, namely, the formation of a quasi-1D dispersive shock consisting of a train of grey solitons that eventually breakup into chains of distinct quantised vortices of alternating vorticity followed by random turbulent flow. The Josephson junction barrier allows us to create two turbulent regimes: acoustic turbulence on one side and vortex turbulence on the other. Throughout the dynamics, a key mechanism for mixing these two regimes is the transmission of vortex dipoles through the barrier: we analyse this scattering process in terms of the barrier parameters, sound emission and vortex annihilation. Finally, we discuss how the vortex turbulence evolves for long times, presenting the optimal configurations for the density imbalance and barrier height in order to create the desired turbulent regimes which last as long as possible.
Silicon carbide low temperature sintering: the particle size effect of raw materials and sintering additive
Authors: Li Jingkun , Ren Xueping , Zhang Yanling , Hou Hongliang
Published: February 2020

Aiming at dense sintering of silicon carbide ceramic, magnesium alloy powder was taken as additive, and silicon carbide powders with two different particle size were sintered by the same hot pressure sintering process. Result shows that ceramic sintered by the powder with larger particle size is denser. Magnesium and carbon segregation is observed in the sample prepared by powder with smaller particle size, in which silicon carbide particles cannot be uniformly dispersed by sintering additives. However, sintering additives distribute homogeneously among silicon carbide particles in the sample prepared by powder with larger particle size, which can effectively play a bonding role. In the selection of liquid phase sintering additives, particle size matching of raw material and sintering additives should be emphasized.
Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AlCrFe2Ni2 High-entropy alloy
Authors: Li Chengze , Qu Yingdong , Zhang Yufeng , Lv Qingyao , Qi Hao
Published: February 2020

The influence of deep cryogenic treatment on the microstructure and properties of AlCrFe2Ni2 high-entropy alloy were studied by examining its phase composition, microstructure, and properties after cryogenic treatment. The results showed that as the cryogenic treatment increased, the alloy was composed of face-centered cubic (FCC) and body-centered cubic (BCC) phases. As the treatment time increased, the grain orientation of the BCC phase and B2 phase changed and transformed into each other, and the band FCC phase structures became shorter and more disordered. Deep cryogenic treatment effectively improved the hardness, yield strength, and wear resistance of the alloy. The alloy displayed the best performance with a holding time of 4 h, and the Vickers hardness (338 HV) was 11.6% higher than the as-cast alloy, and the yield strength (920 MPa) was 22.7% higher. The friction coefficient was 0.643, and the wear resistance was also significantly improved.
Effect of Cu2+ ions on structural, morphological, optical and magnetic behaviors of ZnAl2O4 spinel
Authors: Sofia Nirmala T , Iyandurai N , Yuvaraj S , Sundararajan M
Published: February 2020

Zn1−xCuxAl2O4 nanoparticles were prepared by microwave combustion technique with metal nitrates as precursor materials. Powder x-ray diffraction studies confirm the formation of single phase of spinel pure and copper doped zinc aluminates. HR-SEM images reveal the agglomerated coalescence morphology with pores. Elemental analysis (EDX) confirm the presence of Zn, Cu, Fe and O. UV-Visible Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy is used to find the optical bandgap and it is found to decreases from 5.45 eV to 3.57 eV. IR spectra show three major peaks which confirm the phase formation of Zn1−xCuxAl2O4 nano aluminates with spinel structure. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements reveal the super paramagnetic nature of pure and copper doped zinc alumintes. The obtain results are confirmed that present pure and copper doped ZnAl2O4 particles at nanoscale are to be potential candidate for catalytic, sensor and optoelectronic device applications.
Prebreakdown phenomena in hydrocarbon liquids in a point-plane gap under step voltage. Part 1: behaviour at positive polarity
Authors: Linhjell Dag , Lundgaard Lars , Unge Mikael , Hjortstam Olof
Published: February 2020

This study addresses the dielectric performance of nonpolar hydrocarbon liquids and mineral oils under positive polarity stress. It is of interest to improve knowledge on how functional properties of dielectric liquids vary, as new brands arrive in the market, and existing standards are unsuited for documenting the dielectric functional parameters of these new liquids. Stopping length for non-breakdown streamers, breakdown voltages and velocities for various pre-breakdown streamer modes have been studied for a selection of model liquids (cyclohexane and white oils), for a gas to liquid oil, and a refined naphthenic transformer oil. Studies of propagation modes were done using an 80 mm point to plane gap and a step voltage with a 0.5 μs rise time. Light emission and pre-breakdown currents have been recorded and instantaneous velocities have been derived from images of propagating streamers. There are clear differences in streamer stopping lengths and mode occurrence and mode velocities between these liquids. The differences seem to be influenced by molecular sizes governing evaporation energy for streamer formation and by concentration of aromatics which can be coupled to electron avalanche processes in the streamer heads.
High harmonic generation-2ω attosecond stereo-photoionization interferometry in N2
Authors: Loriot V , Marciniak A , Nandi S , Karras G , Hervé M , Constant E , Plésiat E , Palacios A , Martín F , Lépine F
Published: February 2020

We have investigated photoionization delays in N2 by combining an extreme ultraviolet (XUV) attosecond pulse train generated by high harmonic generation (HHG) and a second harmonic femtosecond pulse with angularly resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. While photoionization delay measurements are usually performed by using a standard XUV-infrared scheme, here we show that the present approach allows us to separate electronic states that otherwise would overlap, thus avoiding the spectral congestion found in most molecules. We have found a relative delay between the X and A ionic molecular states as a function of the photon energy of up to 40 attoseconds, which is due to the presence of a shape resonance in the X channel. This approach can be applied to other small quantum systems with few active electronic states.
Latina and Chicana Butch/Femme in Literature and Culture
Authors: Macías Stacy I.
Published: February 2020

Latina butch/femme literatures and cultural productions are essential components of the lesbian, gender, queer, and ethnic literary canons of the late 20th century. While butch/femme—a term that references particular lesbian sexual cultures and queer female gender practices—emerged within working-class and lesbian-of-color communities roughly in the 1940s, Latina lesbians in the 1980s and 1990s began to use the anthology form to pronounce boldly how their lesbian sexualities, erotic desires, and alternative gender expressions mutually informed their racial, ethnic, and class-based identities. While anthologies created the space to engage butch/femme and its racialized class meanings of butch/femme, the growth in women of color feminist theories further catalyzed writers to contextualize their earlier provisional embrace of Latina butch/femme, which feminist, lesbian, and ethnic nationalist ideologues variously derided. Still, while Latina lesbian cultural production and literary output increased, engagements with butch/femme were veiled, with some accounts paralleling the larger social unease with what many believed enforced the reproduction of oppressive heterosexual dynamics. While photographic images indelibly document the ubiquity of butch/femme lived practice, the literary archive of explicitly imagined and referenced Latina butch/femme is limited, and its overall force lies in its suggestive discursive qualities and a late 20th century iconic set of authors with which it is associated. Key writers of the period tended to meditate extensively on Latina butch gender and sexuality concerns, while it was not until the turn of the 21st century that the Latina femme garnered the same in-depth critical treatment. The decoupling of butch/femme also enables an expansion of discrete critical and creative femme and butch offerings, while writers settle into unequivocally evoking the erotic grammars of butch/femme gender and sexuality in forms of poetry, novel, and film.