bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’intermédiation algorithmique, pourquoi maintenant ?
Authors: Grumbach Stéphane , Hamant Olivier
Published: February 2018

L’adoption des technologies numériques accroît la densité du réseau de communication entre humains, appareils et institutions. Le numérique contribue à l’émergence de nouvelles temporalités et de nouveaux modes d’organisation, facilitant les échanges directs entre acteurs ainsi qu’une utilisation frugale des ressources. Cette transformation est contemporaine de la fin de l’abondance, avec des ressources naturelles essentielles qui deviennent rares. Est-ce une coïncidence? Dans les écosystèmes naturels, la pénurie des ressources favorise la reproduction sexuée, augmentant ainsi la complexité du réseau d’interactions, faisant écho aux interdépendances croissantes du monde numérique. La rareté des ressources pourrait-elle favoriser la montée en puissance des plateformes numériques, dans une boucle de rétroaction positive.
Externalités africaines
Authors: Mustapha Abdul-Karim , Obarrio Juan , Dubois François-Ronan
Published: February 2018

Cet article d’ouverture donne les clés de la métaphore de l’externalité qui résume les formes et forces de la réinvention de l’Afrique contemporaine. Elle s’élabore par des techniques politiques, financières, juridiques, numériques, socio-culturelles particulières, innovantes ou régressives, qui relèvent tout à la fois de la sédimentation historique et de la projection dans le futur. L’extraction coloniale, l’extraversion mondiale riment avec le désir d’externalité des multitudes africaines pour se projeter vers l’extérieur, pour s’exiler vers l’ailleurs et l’au-delà et pour conquérir l’autonomie, l’émancipation et la liberté. Alors le politique devient en Afrique un champ d’expérimentation où se mêlent douloureusement l’imaginaire et le concret, la mémoire et le progrès, le local et le transnational, l’État et le coutumier, le pré-colonial et le numérique.
Communs et développement : une approche renouvelée face aux défis mondiaux
Authors: Leyronas Stéphanie , Bambridge Tamatoa
Published: February 2018

Cet article introductif examine l’approche renouvelée fondée sur les communs. Basé sur les articles constitutifs de ce dossier thématique, il aborde les questions de gestion des ressources, tangibles et intangibles, à différentes échelles et dans des lieux variés en Europe, en Asie, en Afrique et dans le Pacifique. Il montre les conditions dans lesquelles un commun caractérisé par un ensemble de droits et d’obligations, un collectif identifié et une ressource, peut devenir une alternative de gestion efficace face au marché et à l’État. Ce travail souligne également que les communs ne se développent pas en autarcie, mais doivent bien souvent être articulés avec l’État et les acteurs du marché, posant des défis novateurs en termes de gouvernance polycentrique, de légitimité et d’échelle spatio-temporelle. Il conclut sur les défis mondiaux, comme le réchauffement climatique, lesquels sont de plus en plus nombreux à être abordés en termes de « communs » plutôt qu’en termes de « biens publics mondiaux ».
Des pâturages en partage
Authors: Gonin Alexis
Published: February 2018

Les communs sahéliens historiques protégeaient les mobilités pastorales, mais ils ont été déstructurés. Les éleveurs n’ont plus d’accès sécurisé aux ressources pastorales, qui régressent devant l’avancée des espaces cultivés. Les deux piliers du développement de l’élevage ouest-africain, la mobilité et l’intégration agriculture-élevage sont menacés. Pour refonder un régime foncier plus sécurisant, les communs sont une solution possible pour légitimer des territoires pastoraux dans les zones agricoles. Mais la délimitation de nouveaux territoires pastoraux pose la question du partage des ressources entre ayants droit et exclus. Cette question politique ne peut recevoir de réponses que locales, comme le montre l’exemple de la zone pastorale de Barani.
Silence, parole et passage à l’acte
Authors: Latraverse Lyse
Published: February 2018

Ce texte porte sur une expérience de plus de trente-cinq ans en tant que psychologue en cabinet privé. Mon regard est ici dirigé vers des personnes ayant manifesté, en clinique, le désir de se tuer. Je relate aussi le cas d’un patient qui a réalisé un passage à l’acte. J’y témoigne d’une série de vécus différents autour de l’idéation suicidaire, du suicide et de la mort. J’insiste sur la nécessité, en psychothérapie, d’entrevoir ce lieu comme étant un espace privilégié pour aborder, en profondeur, les intentions de se donner la mort d’une personne en grande souffrance. Je pense être capable d’affirmer que la communication de sa souffrance est l’élément-clé d’une possible compréhension de celle-ci. Bien que l’on puisse faire certains recoupements entre les personnes qui disent vouloir se tuer ou d’autres qui posent le geste, on ne peut généraliser car nous sommes tous des cas d’exception.
Enveloppements humides
Authors: Sanlaville Dominique
Published: February 2018

Cet article évoque l’arrivée de la pratique des packs à l’hôpital dans les années 1970, et l’invention des protocoles d’application, d’accompagnement et de suivi.
From paper to practice: an initial approach to implementation of the environmental monitoring plan for fish farming proposed by JACUMAR
Authors: Martinez-Garcia Elena , Fernandez-Gonzalez Victoria , Aguado-Giménez Felipe , Sánchez-Lizaso José Luis , Sanchez-Jerez Pablo
Published: February 2018

The Spanish National Advisory Board of Mariculture (JACUMAR) developed an initiative to unify methodologies between the regions of Spain, in which they proposed the implementation of site-specific “Environmental Monitoring Plans” (EMPs). In this study, we tested the feasibility of an EMP on a fish farm in the Mediterranean Sea. The methods and tools proposed in the EMP are highly useful for environmental monitoring of aquaculture. However, spatial heterogeneity figured prominently in a univariate analysis with environmental variables and a multivariate analysis of polychaete assemblages. This variability may be due to habitat patchiness, and may therefore be solved by an improved experimental design, e.g. by adding replications for increasing statistical power. Multivariate analysis of polychaete assemblages provided accurate information about the quality of the sediment. This information could also be improved using ecological data about key polychaete families in order to avoid misleading results. Thus, the JACUMAR EMP has proved useful in providing precise information about the ecological status of marine benthic habitats, meeting the requirements of current European Directives. However, we suggest that some modifications may be required in order to account for possible misleading thresholds for environmental quality standards, spatial heterogeneity and increasing power analyses.
Symbiotic relationship between the carapid fish Onuxodon fowleri (Ophidiiformes: Carapidae) and the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pteriidae)
Authors: Colleye Orphal , Kéver Loïc , Lepoint Gilles , Lecchini David , Parmentier Eric
Published: February 2018

At Makemo Atoll (French Polynesia), the carapid fish Onuxodon fowleri lives in symbiosis with the black-lip pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera. Although the symbiont seems to live inside its host bivalve by using it as a shelter, additional data are still needed to better understand the exact nature of this association. For this purpose, we implemented an approach using stable isotope ratios of carbon (13C/12C) and nitrogen (15N/14N). The δ13C and δ15N values were measured in tissues of the pearl oyster (gonads, gills, mantle and muscles), white muscle tissue from the fish and other food sources. This stable isotope approach was also complemented by the analysis of stomach contents in the carapid fish. Overall, the isotopic compositions measured in the present study support a commensal relationship between O. fowleri and P. margaritifera. In addition, our isotopic data bring new information about another guest living inside P. margaritifera, namely the palaemonid shrimp Conchodytes meleagrinae. Based on the δ13C and δ15N values, it appears that the shrimp might feed on the bivalve gonads.
Cour européenne des droits de l'homme : De la résilience juridictionnelle à l'audace contentieuse ?
Authors: Hervieu Nicolas
Published: February 2018

Après avoir essuyé de nombreuses tempêtes, l'horizon de la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme semble s'éclaircir à l'orée de la nouvelle année. Entre embellie statistique et accalmie institutionnelle, le bilan de l'année 2017 peut en effet sembler positif aux yeux de beaucoup. Pour autant, alors que le continent européen demeure éprouvé par de nombreuses tensions qui affectent fortement la protection des droits et libertés, certains résultats sont en trompe-l’œil et peuvent même susciter quelques inquiétudes. Dans ce contexte, après avoir fait preuve de résilience juridictionnelle dans l'adversité, il serait opportun que la Cour de Strasbourg érige désormais l'audace contentieuse au premier rang de ses priorités.
Homeschooling Gifted Students
Authors: Kula Stacy
Published: February 2018

The homeschooling movement has grown consistently over the past 50 years and is now a viable option for gifted children as well, particularly when traditional schools fail to meet their unique needs. As the educational option offering the greatest flexibility, homeschooling can hold great promise to assist the optimal development of both gifted and twice exceptional children. The purpose of this chapter is to highlight major trends in homeschooling practice for families with gifted children, as well as to focus attention on the need for further research into the topic of homeschooling and giftedness. Ways in which homeschooling can provide a fit for gifted and twice exceptional children, resources utilized by parents in meeting their children's needs, and challenges parents face as they direct their children's education are considered. The importance of flexibility in approach and curriculum, as well as utilizing outside resources, is emphasized.
Overview of Big Data and Its Visualization
Authors: Segall Richard S. , Niu Gao
Published: February 2018

Big Data is data sets that are so voluminous and complex that traditional data processing application software are inadequate to deal with them. This chapter discusses what Big Data is and its characteristics, and how this information revolution of Big Data is transforming our lives and the new technology and methodologies that have been developed to process data of these huge dimensionalities. This chapter discusses the components of the Big Data stack interface, categories of Big Data analytics software and platforms, descriptions of the top 20 Big Data analytics software. Big Data visualization techniques are discussed with real data from fatality analysis reporting system (FARS) managed by National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) of the United States Department of Transportation. Big Data web-based visualization software are discussed that are both JavaScript-based and user-interface-based. This chapter also discusses the challenges and opportunities of using Big Data and presents a flow diagram of the 30 chapters within this handbook.
Knowledge Networks, Crowds, and Markets
Authors: Garcia Blanca C.
Published: February 2018

In some knowledge-based urban contexts, a new way of conducting creativity and innovation is already operating quasi-independently of the current money system. Its chief ingredients are intangible assets such as time, imagination, knowledge, initiative, and trust, to which money has quickly moved from primary to secondary concern. In this context, this chapter explores their links to emerging models of Commons and Peer-to-Peer (P2P) economies in order to frame a recent crowdfunding experience in the Mexico-Texas borderland.
Framework for IT Role in Crowdfunding Urbanization Process in Developing Countries
Authors: Sulaiman Muhammad A. , Yangora Adam M. , Salami Hamza O.
Published: February 2018

The recent urbanization process is increasingly rapid and unplanned. With the current projection that seven out of ten people worldwide will be living in the cities by the year 2050, with the majority of the growth occurring in cities of the developing countries, information technology (IT) can be used to positively drive the urbanization process. This chapter provides an integrative framework for which various IT trends can be harnessed to crowdfunding urbanization process by focusing on the use of mobile and other handheld devices. Existing use of mobile phone in developing countries focus on e-education, e-commerce, and social media technologies. However, there is little evidence that researchers have analyzed the role of IT in crowdfunding. Consequently, this chapter develops a framework on how the capabilities of mobile devices can be harnessed for crowdfunding urbanization process in the developing countries.
Participatory Design for Under-Represented Communities
Authors: Marques Bruno , McIntosh Jacqueline , Campays Philippe
Published: February 2018

Interdisciplinary collaborative design for culturally diverse and under-represented communities hinges on understanding cultural environments; building trusting relationships and fostering a respectful approach to community. It requires a diverse disciplinary knowledge and the capacity to take action by blurring the boundaries between disciplines. This chapter discusses the application of design-led research approach with a participatory design mind-set by bringing the users to the forefront of a design as active co-creators. It examines two projects – a Māori landscape regeneration project in the Wairarapa region of Wellington; and a Tokelau / Pasifika cultural museum exhibition. The research project is framed around three critical stages: design analysis, design exploration and design synthesis. This interdisciplinary collaborative research process can create new opportunities for architectural design education as it educates students and the wider community as active world-citizens.
Combining Indexing Units for Arabic Information Retrieval
Authors: Ben Guirat Souheila , Bounhas Ibrahim , Slimani Yahya
Published: February 2018

Using either stems or roots as index terms offered considerable performance to Arabic Information Retrieval (IR) systems compared to the use of surface words for indexing. Many comparative works tried to find out the best from these two indexing approaches but until then, no of the two methods widely overtook the other. Each of the two index types performed better under different test circumstances in terms of recall and precision. In this paper, the authors propose a hybrid approach combining the two indexing units in a way they take the advantages from both of them and try to overcome their shortcomings. Then, based on some combining techniques, the authors assign a weight for each indexing unit and try to find out the best weighting values.
Indexing and Abstracting as Tools for Information Retrieval in Digital Libraries
Authors: Fagbola Olaronke O.
Published: February 2018

Indexing and abstracting are like Siamese twins in the information retrieval process. Indexing and abstracting are the two approaches to distilling information content into an abbreviated, but comprehensive representation of an information resource(s). They are knowledge organisation tools which usually provide detailed and accurate maps and road signs in the information superhighway. Digital libraries are characterised by an electronic stock of information which can be accessed via computers, and are extension and augmentations of physical libraries in digital forms. They are information retrieval systems (a device interposed between a potential user of information and the information itself) which provide opportunities to access and retrieve information that is often accessible for a variety of reasons. This chapter presents a literature review on indexing and abstracting, information retrieval process, digital libraries pointing out the importance of indexing and abstracting in the information retrieving process and then highlighting the roles played by indexing and abstracting as tools for information retrieval in digital libraries. The chapter posits that indexing and abstracting plays a significant role as information retrieval tools in digital libraries.
Data Mining Approach to Decision Support in Social Welfare
Authors: Anderson Ricardo , Mansingh Gunjan
Published: February 2018

Knowledge discovery and data-mining techniques have the potential to provide insights into data that can improve decision making. This paper explores the use of data mining to extract patterns from data in the domain of social welfare. It discusses the application of the Integrated Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining process model (IKDDM) a social welfare programme in Jamaica. Further, it demonstrates how the knowledge acquired from the data is used to develop a knowledge driven decision support system (DSS) in the PATH CCT programme. This system was successfully tested in the domain showing over 94% accuracy in the comparative decisions produced.
Statistical Entropy Measures in C4.5 Trees
Authors: Arellano Aldo Ramirez , Bory-Reyes Juan , Hernandez-Simon Luis Manuel
Published: February 2018

The main goal of this article is to present a statistical study of decision tree learning algorithms based on the measures of different parametric entropies. Partial empirical evidence is presented to support the conjecture that the parameter adjusting of different entropy measures might bias the classification. Here, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, precisely, the area under the ROC curve (AURC) gives the best criterion to evaluate decision trees based on parametric entropies. The authors emphasize that the improvement of the AURC relies on of the type of each dataset. The results support the hypothesis that parametric algorithms are useful for datasets with numeric and nominal, but not for mixed, attributes; thus, four hybrid approaches are proposed. The hybrid algorithm, which is based on Renyi entropy, is suitable for nominal, numeric, and mixed datasets. Moreover, it requires less time when the number of nodes is reduced, when the AURC is maintaining or increasing, thus it is preferable in large datasets.
Decision Insights for Shipbreaking using Environmental Impact Assessment
Authors: John Joshin , Srivastava Rajiv Kumar
Published: February 2018

This article describes how the shipbreaking industry has been under the microscope, more often in recent years, with scrutiny from governments, international agencies and environmental activists, on issues pertaining to sustainability in general and environmental impact in particular. Several cases of vessels-to-be-dismantled, by and large in yards located in South Asia, have been discussed in literature, with concerns on the modus operandi of dismantling end-of-life ships, and the mode of disposal of hazardous residual wastes. In this article, the authors review extant methodologies, and examine the decision alternatives available to shipbreakers, recyclers and waste material handlers to minimize damage to the environment. Impact assessment results using Open-LCA has been presented to demonstrate the relative impact loadings on various environmental parameters, from the path functions adopted. The results of the environmental impact assessment provide decision insights on various alternatives that may be appropriated in order to mitigate environmental damage. The article concludes with discussion, perspectives and future research directions to improve decision making for sustainable shipbreaking.
Identity Management Systems
Authors: Kumar Vikas , Bhardwaj Aashish
Published: February 2018

This article describes how in today's digital world, customers have made it a common practice to maintain user accounts with different service providers to access a range of services. In such environment, all attributes of the identity must be verified to operate, otherwise the resources would be vulnerable to financial and data loss. This article contends that makes it important to form an Identity Management System, which could provide central administration, user self- service, role based access control and integrated user management. Identity Management becomes very much vital for the environment working with multiple technologies, as it governs an entity (i.e. a human or a software agent) to authenticate and authorize for accessing the network via multiple technologies. Successful Identity Management increases the efficiency, security, access control and decreases the complexity, cost and many repetitive works. Essential features of present day identity management systems have been identified in the present work. A comparative analysis of these identity management systems has been carried out to establish the present-day industry practices. Along with that, specific challenges to the present-day identity management systems have been identified. The article helps in the identification of suitable Identity Management System for specific applications.
Ubiquitous Materials for the Logistic Information System
Authors: Lee Sang Young
Published: February 2018

Modern identification technologies such as radio-frequency identification, or RFID, have become increasingly important for streamlining production and logistics operations in almost every industry. In steel industrial enterprise, there is many logistic information which is still collected manually. It brings out many disadvantages such as inaccurate logistics information, irregular logistics, be lasted feedback and so on. In this paper, presents the feasibility of deploying RFID for the steel industry as a tool to reduce the production costs. Steel industry that is applicable to RFID-based tracking management system is proposed. And basically small and medium-sized steel industries, reflecting the characteristics of the building systems and by allowing for faster application time, while minimizing the capital investment.
Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Dental Implant Threads
Authors: Yodrux Aswin , Yodpijit Nantakrit , Jongprasithporn Manutchanok
Published: February 2018

This paper presents the use of Three-Dimensional Finite Element Method (3D-FEM) for biomechanical analysis on dental implant prosthetics. This research focuses on three patents of threads of dental implant systems from United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and two new conceptual design models. The three-dimensional finite element analysis is performed on dental implant models, with compressive forces of 50, 100, and 150 N, and a shear force of 20 N with the force angle of 60 degrees with the normal line respectively. The Stress and displacement analysis is conducted at four different areas (abutment, implant, cortical bone, and cancellous bone). Findings from this research provide guidelines for new product design of dental implant prosthetics with stress distribution and displacement characteristics.
The Effect of Shot-Peening on Thermal Residual Stress around the Singular Point of Cu-Low Alloy Rail Steel in Welded Joints
Authors: Wisessint Attaporn , Boonrod Sastawut , Chaiprasert Kanoknart
Published: February 2018

A copper wire was welded to low-alloy rail steel by exothermic welding. There were pre-heating and post-heating processes before and after welding, respectively. Unfortunately, the cooling rate of temperature could be controlled in the post-heating process. The cooling rate of temperature was too fast because the ambient temperature was very low (-5 °C). After that, the large value of thermal residual stresses remained in the welding joint and led to failure. In the present study, a welded joint between copper and low-alloy rail steel was analyzed using finite element analysis (FEA). The singularity of thermal residual stresses in the welding joint was observed after post-heating processes. The intensity of stress singularity (Kqq) was estimated around a singular point of the welded joint by least-square method. The possibility of crack initiation was determined. Then, a shot-peening process was applied on the surface of the low-alloy rail steel near the singular point of the welded joint. A small particle of 3 mm diameter was shot to make it plastically deform on the low-alloy rail steel surface. The effect of the shot-peening on the singularity of thermal residual stresses around the singular point of the welding joint was determined and found that the value of singularities for the stress sqq profile were reduced and became steady.
Characterization of Dental Metal-Ceramic Interfaces of Heat Pressed Ceramics on Co-Cr Frameworks Obtained with Different Technologies
Authors: Porojan Liliana , Bîrdeanu Mihaela , Savencu Cristina , Porojan Sorin
Published: February 2018

It is known that the quality of metal-ceramic restorations mainly depends on the interface strength. The aim of the study was to evaluate metal–ceramic interfaces of heat pressed ceramic on Co-Cr frameworks obtained with different technologies: melting-casting (CST), computerized milling (MIL), selective laser sintering (SLS) and selective laser melting (SLM). The microstructure of metal–ceramic interfaces and framework topography were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Sandblasted, polished surfaces and the cross section on the interfaces were observed. Sandblasted surfaces presented a uniform rough aspect and pronounced porous surface compared to that of polished surfaces and were better visible in SLS and SLM samples. The thickness of the veneer layer had a noticeable effect on the interface, because in the case of thicker veneers, cracks at the interfaces were visible for CST and MIL specimens. Considering the findings reported herein, some suggestions can be considered in practice, such as adaptation of the restorations morphology to the characteristics of the processed materials.
Constitutive Model for Densification Kinetics of Copper Powder
Authors: Kang Yo Han , Lee Seok Jae
Published: February 2018

The densification kinetics of copper powder during sintering has been investigated using scanning electron microscopy analysis and density measurements. A constitutive model was proposed to predict the densification kinetics as a function of sintering condition by considering the densification parameter to obtain more accurately predicted results. The activation energy for copper densification kinetics was calculated from experimental data and compared with activation energies associated with different densification mechanisms. We found that the lattice diffusion mechanism acted as the primary densification mechanism for copper powder during sintering.
The Comparison of Surface Modification Methods of the Heavy Metals Adsorption of Activated Carbon from Rice Husk
Authors: Ma Hoa Thai , Ho Van Thi Thanh , Pham Nguyen Bao , Bach Long Giang , Phan Tuan Dinh
Published: February 2018

Surface modification of activated carbon (AC) could be done through different methods in order to modify their specific physical and chemical properties to facilitate metals removal from wastewater. Three methods were used to modify the rice husk AC (RHAC) including the use of (1) HNO3, (2) dithizone and (3) the combination of HNO3 with dithizone. These modification agents were increased its affinity towards the desired pollutant. The modification methods demonstrated the effective process for the metal ions adsorption capability and the removal of them from water. For Ni2+ and Cd2+ adsorption, RHAC was modified by HNO3 giving the best adsorption capacity in comparison with using dithizone or the combination of HNO3 with dithizone. That adsorption was reached 17.23 mg/g for Ni2+ and 29.61 mg/g for Cd2+. Additionally, the surface area, which was characterized by BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) of RHAC, was 710.8 m2/g and DA micropore volume was 0.447 (cm3/g). Especially, the only modified RHACs had the peak of N-H functional group by using Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR). Besides, the only RHAC modification by HNO3 had peak of C=O. That significantly contributed to increase the metal ions adsorption capacity of RHAC.
Inhalation therapy in the next decade: Determinants of adherence to treatment in asthma and COPD
Authors: Donner Claudio F. , Amaducci Sandro , Bacci Elena , Baldacci Sandra , Bartoli Maria L. , Beghi Gianfranco M. , Benfante Alida , Brighindi Sara , Casali Lucio , Castiglia Daniela , Cazzola Mario , Celi Alessandro , Cianchetti Silvana , Colombo Giorgio , Crimi Claudia , Dente Federico L. , Di Maria Giuseppe , Di Maria Annalisa , Latorre Manuela , Lavorini Federico , Maio Sara , Mannini Claudia , Messina Riccardo , Paggiaro Pier Luigi , Pignatti Patrizia , Price David , Scichilone Nicola , Simoni Marzia , Spanevello Antonio , Stagno dâ€™Alcontres Martina , Tan Shawna , Torchio Roberto , Viegi Giovanni , Visca Dina , Wouters Emiel F.M. , Yu Hui Xin Shaylynn
Published: February 2018

Proceedings of the European Seminars in Respiratory Medicine course, Inhalation therapy in the next decade: Determinants of adherence to treatment in asthma and COPD, held in Taormina, Italy, on 3-4 March, 2017
Counting trees in supersymmetric quantum mechanics
Authors: Córdova Clay , Shao Shu-Heng
Published: February 2018

We study the supersymmetric ground states of the Kronecker model of quiver quantum mechanics. This is the simplest quiver with two gauge groups and bifundamental matter fields, and appears universally in four-dimensional

\mathcal N = 2

systems. The ground state degeneracy may be written as a multi-dimensional contour integral, and the enumeration of poles can be simply phrased as counting bipartite trees. We solve this combinatorics problem, thereby obtaining exact formulas for the degeneracies of an infinite class of models. We also develop an algorithm to compute the angular momentum of the ground states, and present explicit expressions for the refined indices of theories where one rank is small.
Effet de la domestication sur le rythme activité-repos chez le porc
Authors: Dallaire A. , Robert S. , Dancosse J.
Published: February 2018

Behaviour of domestic pigs and wild boars has been studied under similar indoor conditions. Five behavioural categories were observed : locomotion (kinesis), exploration, ingestion, social interactions and rest. Differences were noted for two behaviours : kinesis and rest. Pigs walked less often and rested more than boars. Circadian rythms were also different for these two behaviours. Synchronisation of rest between animals was more pronounced for pigs. These observations are discussed in regard with an other study using domestic and wild folws and in relation to a tentative hypothesis to explain behavioural modifications under domestication.
La maladie de la rate marbrée du faisan d’élevage en France : enquête épidémiologique et résultats d’une vaccination de masse en 1984 et 1985
Authors: Schricke E. , Durand Maurice P. , Limouzin Claude
Published: February 2018

Marble spleen disease of the pheasant in france : epidemiological survey and results of a large vaccination, in 1984-1985

It was first observed in France, in 1973, the Marble Spleen disease is now widespread. An epidemiological survey was made in 29 farms taken among the main regions of pheasant rearing. This survey showed that 80% of these farms were infected. But the seropositivity was not necessarily accompanied with clinical signs. Maternal antibodies disappear in the young pheasant between the 21st and 28th day of age. 300000 young pheasants, in 84, then, 800000 young pheasants, in 85, were vaccinated with the Domermuth strain, normally used to prevent the hemorragic enteritis of the turkey. This vaccination gave very interesting results in the pheasants. All the birds were seropositive 28 days after the vaccination, which occurred at four weeks of age. The total mortality fall to 30-50 % of the initial level. So, the systematical vaccination against M.S.D. is strongly recommended in pheasant-farms in France.
Contrôles d'activité d’un vaccin polyvalent contre les avortements infectieux non brucelliques des petits ruminants
Authors: Vittoz J.
Published: February 2018

Activity testing of a polyvalent vaccine against infections abortions (except brucellosis) of ewews

The author describes the methods of control of a polyvalent vaccine against the infections abortions (except brucellosis) of ewes. The mesure of the protection antichlamydial infections determinated by the immuno-enzymatic test permits a quik answer which may, eventually, be completed by the test on pregnant mice. The measure of the antisalmonellosis pro¬ tection by the classical methods of séroagglutination on slides permits also a quick answer. The two affections being at the origin of :

— 10 % of abortions in the south-East ;

— 33 % of abortions in the south-West of France.
Ecthyma du mouton : observation d'une enzootie sous forme papillomateuse et hyperkératosique
Authors: Arnault G. A.
Published: February 2018

In this study, an outbreak of contagious pustular dermatitis (ORF) of sheep is described, with a clinical papillomatous form in a flock of lambs. This outbreak affected 57 % of those and more significantly the females than the males. It certainly appeared after identification-stamping of every lamb at the right ear. The recovery was spontaneous after a total evolution of two months. The aetio-pathogenicity is discussed.
Etude des dilutions infinitésimales dans les systèmes biologiques. Exemple, méthode d'étude, résultats
Authors: Poitevin B.
Published: February 2018

The studies of potencies in biological systems

The study of infinitesimal dilutions on biological systems are expound from 30 years. The numbers of realized experimentations, strictness of works made recently, and increasing number of those works publicated in scientific review are an effective support of the demonstrated activity of ultra high dilutions. The mechanism of activity of those great dilutions is unknown actually. The clinical research on the efficacity of the high dilutions improved in homeopathy is neading specific rules specially suiting with the notion of «similitary» and individual sensibility.
La vaccination antiaphteuse des bovins : obligation et sanction
Authors: Séry Claude , Seynave René Lucien
Published: February 2018

Bovine anti-aphtosis vaccinations : obligation and penalty

Seeing that the perfect obligation of vaccinating bovines against aphtosis is enacted, it is not necessary, as a general rule, to resort to punitive sanctions so that it may bring the law into operation. Nevertheless, some breeders refuse to accept that obligation. From a case in point, in which three annulments followed one another, the Authors show that procedures rules are fundamental to obtain the application of the technical measures, in the respect of individual rights.
Excrétion urinaire d’estradiol après différents traitements anabolisants
Authors: Bouffault Jean-Claude , Willemart Jean-Pierre
Published: February 2018

Urinary secretion of estradiol after different anabolic treatments

Two anabolics (E2 Progesterone, E2 + TBA, respectively) were injected S.C. in the dewlap, to mâles Normandy calves (two treated groups, one control group).

Urinary excretion with E2 17β and E2 17α was measured during the days 41, 83 and 104 by R.I.A. The same days was mesured urinary creatinine.

Results indicate :

For E2 17β excretion remain less than 5 ng/ml (day 41 on treated calves) Forf E2 17α, excretion is more than 10 ng/ml in controls (day 83, one, day 104, two) in all treated on days 41, 83, 104

For creatinine, the levels remain relatively regular, except a moderate increase in day 104 for group 3.

Urinary secretion with E2 17α does not give very reliable informations concerning the withdrawal period neither for the existence or not of an anabolic treatment.
Vascularisation artérielle intra-organique. Conceptions actuelles
Authors: Blin Pierre-Christian
Published: February 2018

Intra-organic arterial vascularization actual conception.

This paper presents a survey of the research on the intra-organic arterial vascularization carried out at the Alfort veterinary school for the last twenty-five years. Papers and thesis, which are mentioned, concern intrinsic vascularization of bones, muscles, tendons, salivary glands, liver and spleen.

Emphasis is placed on the knowledge of the intra-organic arterial vascularization.
Température et action du Lauri-Lac sur la multiplication des Salmonella dans la viande hachée
Authors: Catsaras Marc , Danjou Jean-Paul , Seynave René Lucien
Published: February 2018

L’action du Lauri-Lac sur la multiplication des Salmonella typhimurium dans la viande hachée de bovin est étudiée à différentes températures : 0-+2 °C, 30 °C et 37 °C.

Les résultats obtenus à 0-+2 °C sont comparés avec les précédents et discutés en fonction de la conservation du Lauri-Lac au réfrigérateur. La forte activité observée à 37 °C est soulignée.
Recherches étiologiques et épidémiologiques sur la diarrhée néonatale du veau
Authors: Castrucci G. , Frigeri F. , Ferrari M. , Cilli V. , Aldrovandi V.
Published: February 2018

Les recherches sur la diarrhée néonatale du veau ont pris le départ après que l’on eût isolé des souches de rotavirus à partir de foyers de cette maladie qui s’étaient vérifiés dans des élevages de bovins.

Les résultats obtenus ont permis d’attribuer aux rotavirus un rôle étiopathogénique essentiel dans la détermination du syndrome morbide. En outre, la constatation ayant été faite que l’une des souches étudiées (81/36F) possédait non seulement des caractères d’une extrême virulence, mais également des propriétés de prédominance antigénique très nettes, on a préparé, avec la souche susmentionnée, un vaccin éteint à employer pour la prophylaxie de la diarrhée néonatale par vaccination des vaches dans la dernière phase de gestation. Les essais effectués, tant dans le domaine expérimental que dans l’application pratique, ont confirmé l’efficacité du vaccin.
Origine, modalités et conséquences de la domestication des mammifères
Authors: Petter Francis
Published: February 2018

Les animaux domestiques datent de près de 10 000 ans. Le loup est l'ancêtre du chien. Devenu l’associé de l’homme, le chien a permis la domestication du mouflon, du bouquetin, du sanglier et de l’aurochs, et ainsi le développement de l’élevage et de l’agriculture. La sensibilité de la bouche du cheval peut être responsable de sa domestication.

Sans les animaux domestiques l’homme serait probablement resté au stade de chasseur primitif.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Simarouba glauca (Lakshmi Taru) Plant Extract against Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm: An in vitro Study
Authors: Varada Sree L , Veetil Jenaki E , Nair Ganesh C
Published: February 2018

Aim

The aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial activity of Simarouba glauca plant extract as intracanal medicament against Enterococcus faecalis and to compare its effect with that of metapex (calcium hydroxide with iodoform paste).

Materials and methods

In the study, 30 human premolar teeth infected with E. faecalis were used. Contaminated teeth were randomly separated into three groups (n = 10) and treated as follows: Group I, calcium hydroxide-based medication; group II, S. glauca-based medication; and group III, contaminated teeth without medication. After 7 days of treatment, teeth from each group were assessed for the level of microbial growth after a period of treatment.

Results

Metapex and S. glauca were associated with a reduction in E. faecalis after removal of the dressing; however, saline is associated with an increase in colony-forming units (CFU) per milliliter.

Conclusion

In this laboratory study using extracted teeth, S. glauca (Lakshmi Taru) was able to significantly reduce the CFU per milliliter values of E. faecalis in the root canal system similar to metapex.

How to cite this article

Varada SL, Veetil JE, Nair GC. Antimicrobial Efficacy of Simarouba glauca (Lakshmi Taru) Plant Extract against Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm: An in vitro Study. Cons Dent Endod J 2017;2(2):43-47.
Management of a Complicated Vertical Crown Fracture
Authors: Anilkumar Aadit , Raj Aparna , Radhakrishnan Nair K , Alexander Rinsu N , Kumar Meenu M
Published: February 2018

Coronal fractures of the anterior teeth are a common form of dental trauma affecting mainly children and adolescents. Trauma with accompanying fracture of anterior teeth is an agonizing experience for a young individual, which requires immediate attention, not only because of the physical disfigurement but also because of the psychological impact on the patient. Coronal fractures may be vertical or horizontal. Vertical crown fracture with pulpal involvement usually presents mild symptoms and pain. Pain is mainly due to the mobility of the fractured segment during function. This study describes the single-visit management of a complicated vertical coronal fracture in a maxillary central incisor. Esthetic management of the fracture line was done by resin composite by preparing grooves and followed by joining the fragments together. After esthetic management, endodontic treatment was done for the tooth. Crown was given at a later stage to prevent the extension of fracture line and for the longevity of tooth.

How to cite this article

Raj A, Nair KR, Geetha P, Anilkumar A, Alexander RN, Kumar MM. Management of a Complicated Vertical Crown Fracture. Cons Dent Endod J 2017;2(2):52-55.
Analysis of the paramedic administration of fentanyl
Authors: Garrick, MD, FACEP Jocelyn Freeman , Kidane, MD, EMS Fellow Senai , Pointer, MD James E. , Sugiyama, MA, RN, NREMT-P William , Van Luen, EMT-P Christopher , Clark, EMT-B Rebecca
Published: February 2018

Introduction: Pain is a common complaint among emergency medical services patients. When compared with the most commonly used morphine, fentanyl has a shorter onset of action, shorter duration, and far fewer side effects making it an appealing candidate for prehospital pain management. This study’s intent is to prospectively assess the feasibility and safety of fentanyl for pain in prehospital patients in comparison with morphine.Methods: Observational trial to evaluate select characteristics of fentanyl administration. The primary outcome measure was the reduction of pain from time of initial patient assessment to transfer of care (TOC) to emergency department (ED) staff. Secondary outcome measures included the development of adverse outcomes and side effects related to fentanyl administration. Additionally, data obtained were compared with morphine retrospectively from an identical prior time period, ie, 1 year earlier.Results: About 16.6 percent of the patients who received fentanyl reported subjective pain relief in less than 1 minute, 47 percent in 1-2 minutes, 19.9 percent in 2-3 minutes, and 16.6 percent at greater than 3 minutes. The reduction of pain after fentanyl administration, on a scale of 1-10, was 3.82 points in TOC at the ED. No significant adverse clinical outcomes or incidents of diversion were reported during the trial period.Conclusions: Fentanyl can be used safely and effectively for pain control in the prehospital setting.
Progress in pain management: Where are we?
Authors: Goldstein, PhD, FCP Frederick J.
Published: February 2018

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A randomized trial of one-day vs. three-day buprénorphine inpatient detoxification protocols for heroin dependence
Authors: Hopper, MD John A. , Wu, BS Joanna , Martus, BS Wesley , Pierre, MD James D.
Published: February 2018

Detoxification from opioids remains an important first step in the treatment of many patients with opioid dependence. Several pharmacologic regimens have been used for opioid detoxification. In the United States, the partial p-opioid agonist, buprenorphine (BUP) is the most recently approved pharmacotherapy for opioid detoxification and replacement. The literature in recent years has described detoxification protocols using a single high dose of BUP and a three-day BUP regimen. In many settings, such as drug-free programs, a single-dose detoxification protocol would be of significant benefit. There have been no prior studies comparing one-day and three-day BUP-assisted opioid withdrawal.In this pilot study, we conducted an open-label, randomized trial of one-day vs. three-day BUP/naloxone sublingual tablet-assisted opioid withdrawal. Twenty patients from a therapeutic community treatment program were randomly assigned to receive either 32 mg sublingual BUP over one hour (one-day group), or 32 mg sublingual BUP over three days (three-day group). Nine of 10 subjects (90percent) in each group completed seven days in the detoxification protocol. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in all other outcome variables, including retention in the treatment program, intensity of withdrawal signs and symptoms, amounts of adjunct medications used, and ability to produce opiate-free urine. This study further validates the feasibility of the single high dose of BUP as a rapid detoxification method.
Evaluation of cognitive functioning in 101 patients before opiate detoxification: Implications in setting up therapeutic strategies
Authors: Streel, MA, PhD Emmanuel , Antoniali, MA Valérie , Campanella, MA, PhD Salvatore , Castronovo, MA Julie , Hanak, MD Catherine , Pelc, MD, PhD Isy , Verbanck, MD, PhD Paul
Published: February 2018

Many studies have brought to light the facts that repeated use of drugs significantly influences one’s cognitivefunctions, and that cognitive problems could interfere directly with one’s capacity to participate in a rehabilitation program. In this research, we used the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) to assess the cognitive status of 101 hospitalized patients in an opiate detoxification program. The results reveal that a major-ity of the tested patients present cognitive abnormalities to varying degrees of severity. Furthermore, these cognitive deficits are correlated withfour Addiction Severity Index (ASI) scales (medical, alcohol use, drug use, and psychiatry, respectively). Considering the results, because cognition is a major issue in detoxification and rehabilitation programs, simple cognitive screening (as with the GDS) coupled with a particular interest in some aspects of a patient’s anamnesis could lead to better management of opiate-dependentpatients.
Does the opioid-sparing effect of NSAIDs benefit the patient in the postoperative period?
Authors: Ng, MBChB, MD, FRCA Alexander , Swanevelder, MBChB, MMed(Anaes), FCA(SA), FRCA Justiaan
Published: February 2018

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Cotton candy
Authors: E. Enck, MD, Editor-in-Chief Robert
Published: February 2018

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Methadone in end-of-life pain management
Authors: Chau, MD Diane L. , Mason, MD M. Nathan
Published: February 2018

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