bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Niveles de logro esperado en aprendizaje para lectura y matemática en EBR primaria, Perú
Authors: Luna Andrade Katerina Mercedes , Álvarez Huari María Ysabel , Ibarguen Cueva Francis Esmeralda , Grados Zavala Elizabeth
Published: November 2021

El estudio tuvo objetivo conocer los niveles de aprendizaje en  segundo grado de primaria, periodo 2013–2016, frente a las evaluaciones censales. La investigación fue básica, de enfoque cuantitativa, descriptiva-  comparativa, de diseño no experimental. La población estimada fue de 22,164 estudiantes del 2ª de primaria de IE en Ventanilla, entre los años 2013 al 2016. Se  analizaron los informes de las evaluaciones censales extraídos del SICRECE. Para la confiabilidad se empleó el cálculo de la consistencia interna. El recojo  de datos y análisis fue en los meses de mayo y junio. De los resultados se pudo concluir que existieron mejoras en aprendizaje reflejados en las evaluaciones censales. En lectura se obtuvieron logros positivos, pero estas mejoras no fueron suficientes; se reflejó una diferencia entre los aprendizajes generales según sexo, ya que fueron las mujeres quienes alcanzaron mejores resultados; para el área de matemática, los varones obtuvieron mejores niveles de logro esperado
Effectiveness of Total Physical Response in English speaking skill in EFL beginners
Authors: Abata Mercedes , Suárez Rodrigo , Portilla Adamary , Vayas Mirka
Published: November 2021

The principal objective of this qualitative research was to determine the effectiveness of using Total Physical  Response  (TPR) to develop speaking skill in beginner’s learners in a rural school. This study was applied using action research method, which  involved  observation,  planning and implementation. The process was carried out in five-week classes during the term November 2019-January 2020 with 26 students from 7th grade at “Belisario Quevedo” Rural School. The instruments used were structured and unstructured checklist and teacher`s diary. The results showed TPR is effective to develop speaking skill in EFL beginners. Students could use English to communicate with their partners and the teacher using basic vocabulary, correct pronunciation and some fluency after applying the method. As a conclusion, Total Physical Response helped beginners to get familiar with the language and learn English with the use of movements, mimics and gestures, making students produce English to communicate.
Ansiedad y los estilos de afrontamiento en los estudiantes de la carrera de Psicología Educativa
Authors: Torres Peñafiel Jhonny  Santiago , Guaman Paguay William Marcelo
Published: November 2021

La investigación  tuvo  como objetivo determinar la  correlación de la ansiedad y los estilos de afrontamiento de los estudiantes de la carrera de Psicología Educativa. Se trata de un estudio con un enfoque de investigación cuantitativo, descriptivo y correlacional, se trabajó con el Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck y un Cuestionario de Afrontamiento del Estrés, el mismo que permitió describir la relación de las variables de la población de estudio, en el cual, se encuesto una muestra de 58 jóvenes estudiantes que cumplieron los criterios del programa SPSS 23 que se utilizó para describir y analizar los datos obtenidos. Como resultados se puede constatar que existe correlación inversamente proporcional entre las dos variables dentro de los resultados obtenidos p-0,38, por la cual se obtiene una correspondencia  entre   la  ansiedad y los estilos de afrontamiento, identificando el lado positivo de los problemas y asimismo aprendiendo de las dificultades que se presentan.
DAMPAK SARAF TERJEPIT TERHADAP IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER III DI KLINIK PERA SIMALINGKAR B MEDAN
Authors: Karo Karo Hilda Yani
Published: November 2021

Syaraf terjepit merupakan penyakit yang terjadi karena kerusakan syaraf akibat tekanan, baik tekanan secara langsung maupun tidak secara langsung. Ibu yang mengalami saraf terjepit harus tidur posisi telentang di tempat tidur yang datar dan keras. Ibu hamil pada Trimester III rentan mengalami saraf terjepit dikarenakan perubahan tubuh pada ibu seperti perubahan tubuh di trimester III yaitu, kenaikan berat badan drastic diakibatkan oleh janin yang tumbuh semakin besar, sakit punggung dan panggul, ketika Anda semakin dekat dengan waktu persalinan, maka hormon-hormon tubuh akan berubah.

Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Pendekatan kualitatif ini dipilih agar dapat memperolehketerangan yang lebihluas dan mendalam mengenai hal-hal yng menjadi pokok pembahasan yang harus diketemukan jawabannya dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini akan dilakukan di Klinik Bersalin Pera dengan memilih 4 kasus ibu hamil yang mengalami saraf terjepit.

Metode pengumpulan data dengan metode wawancara karena dengan metode ini akan mendapatkan informasi yang valid dan langsung dari sumbernya.

Pada akhirnya penelitian ini akan menghasilkan deskripsi konsep tentang sejauhmana Dampak Saraf Terjepit Terhadap Ibu Hamil Trimester III.
Математическая модель выбора режимов дыхания при искусственной вентиляции легких
Authors: Аралова Наталья Игоревна
Published: November 2021

Заболевание COVID-19 поражает в первую очередь нижние дыхательные пути и у 20% инфицированных вирус SARS-CoV-2 проникает глубоко в легкие. При этом состояние больного стремительно ухудшается, и наиболее тяжелых пациентов необходимо срочно доставить в отделения интенсивной терапии и подключить к аппаратам искусственной вентиляции легких (ИВЛ). Искусственная вентиляция легких необходима в тех случаях, когда инфицированный уже не может вдыхать самостоятельно достаточное количество кислорода и выдыхать накопленный углекислый газ. В этих случаях аппараты ИВЛ берут на себя функцию дыхательной системы. Методы искусственной вентиляции легких требуют не только экспериментального, но и теоретического обоснования. Для исследования предлагается математическая модель функциональной системы дыхания, в которой процесс дыхания подается как управляемая динамическая система и с помощью которой можно прогнозировать в динамике дыхательного цикла процесс газообмена в легочных структурах при различных возмущающих воздействиях. Для расширения области применения учитываются особенности процесса, которые характерны для рассматриваемых условий. Предложено дополнить модель уравнениями, учитывающими эластичность легких и сопротивление легочных структур. Поскольку существенна возможность получения количественных и качественных характеристик процесса массопереноса газов при различных видах искусственной вентиляции легких, предложено уравнение для описания различных видов легочного дыхания. Реализация предложенной модели позволит получить данные по исследованию процесса динамики респираторных газов при искусственной вентиляции легких, которые будут способствовать решению практических задач по оптимизации параметров технических аппаратов искусственной вентиляции легких. Дальнейшее сочетание такой модели с моделью развития вирусного заболевания может, в случае наличия соответствующего массива индивидуальных данных, оказать существенную поддержку в выборе режимов ИВЛ при осложненном течении вирусного заболевания.
Сходимость метода экстраполяции из прошлого и метода операторной экстраполяции
Authors: Семенов Владимир Викторович , Денисов Сергей Викторович , Сирык Дмитрий Сергеевич , Харьков Олег Сергеевич
Published: November 2021

Одним из популярных направлений современного прикладного нелинейного анализа является исследование вариационных неравенств. Многие актуальные проблемы исследования операций и математической физики можно записать в форме вариационных неравенств. С появлением генерирующих соревновательных нейронных сетей интерес к алгоритмам решения вариационных неравенств возник и в среде специалистов машинного обучения. Данная работа посвящена исследованию трех новых алгоритмов с брегмановской проекцией для решения вариационных неравенств в гильбертовом пространстве. Первый алгоритм — результат модификации двухэтапного брегмановского метода с помощью экономного регулирования величины шага, не требующего знания лепшицевой константы оператора. Второй алгоритм — алгоритм операторной экстраполяции, полученный заменой в методе Малицкого-Тама евклидовой метрики на дивергенцию Брегмана. Привлекательная черта алгоритма — всего одно вычисление на итерационном шаге проекции Брэгмана на допустимое множество. Третий алгоритм — адаптивный вариант второго, где используется правило обновления величины шага, не требующее знания лепшицевых констант и вычислений значений оператора в дополнительных точках. Для вариационных неравенств с псевдомонотонными, лепшицевыми и секвенционно слабо непрерывными операторами, действующими в гильбертовом пространстве, доказаны теоремы о сходимости методов.
KEDUDUKAN DAN AKIBAT HUKUM PENERAPAN PERMA NO.2 TAHUN 2012
Authors: Fadliansyah Fadliansyah
Published: November 2021

AbstrackThis research was made to know the position of PERMA NO.2 IN 2012 in the hierarchy of legislation and to know the PERMA's binding and enforceability. In this research using normative law research method with law approach, conceptual, and case approach. From this study found that the position of PERMA NO.2 IN 2012 in the hierarchy of legislation - legislation is under the law and the effect of the implementation of PERMA is null and void.Keywords: position, PERMA NO.2 IN 2012, Due to the law
A Proposal for the PhD in Architecture: Toward the “Nocturnal Sky,” and Toggling Between Research and Practice
Authors:   Polis University, Luarasi Skender
Published: November 2021

If we accept the premise that architecture is an academic discipline in addition to being a professional one, then what is its object of study? What does it mean to teach, research and know architecture, today? Such questions have a history. Gottfried Semper, for example, had similar concerns in the nineteenth century. He was critical of an over-specialized education that thwarts the creative artistic spirit, one that “kills the very faculty that is actively responsible for the perception and, equally, the creation of art.” Semper thought, instead, that the “thirst for knowledge” must assume “the character of research and active, independent activity.” The object of this activity was to find an empirical theory of style in an age of industrial reproduction. Neither pure nor abstract, this theory would consist of the “inner law” governing those “constituent parts of form that are not form itself but rather the idea, the force, the material, and the means – in other words, the basic preconditions of form.” Semper’s Style is contemporaneous with other key texts of the nineteenth century such as Marx’s Capital and Darwin’s The Origin of Species. If the former deals with the reproduction of money and the latter with the reproduction of species, Semper’s Style deals with the reproduction of culture. The model for such reproduction is nature. The very first line of his “Prolegomena” reads: The nocturnal sky shows glimmering nebulae among the splendid miracle of stars - either old extinct systems scattered throughout the universe, cosmic dust taking shape around a nucleus, or a condition in between destruction and regeneration.
Understanding of the Informal City: Its Interruptions, and Generative Activations
Authors:   Texas Tech College of Architecture, Isern David J.
Published: November 2021

By setting the context of this studio and of this paper it will allow the readers to understand not only the situation in which the architecture educators and practitioners had over the course of the studio, but will also emphasize and clarify how a pedagogical construct was able to be developed out of situational problems that occur with the students and how that would further guide and enrich the city and urban design research the studio performed and how it can have the potential contributions to the academe and the practice of architecture. This design studio was a 10-week summer urban studio that was a continuation from a semester-long seminar course taught in Lima, Peru in a collaborative setting between students from different architecture, planning, and real state programs from Peruvian universities, upper-level architecture, urban design, and planning students from American, English, Spanish, and Australian universities, and in collaboration with the city of Lima.
Save-As Detroit: Connecting Successful Real World and Academic Projects
Authors:   University of Detroit Mercy, Pitera Allegra
Published: November 2021

Over time I have seen various attempts, both successes and fail-ures to ‘save’ Detroit. Some of the late-20th Century development projects were intended to save the city, such as John Portman’s Renaissance Center downtown on the river. However, the devel-opment trend in that era was to turn their backs on the urban landscape, razie historic buildings and vibrant neighborhoods: the developers lacked a sensitivity to the existing urban context. They could not see the potential value of robust communities and a walk-able urban streetscape; they were trying to save Detroit. Before defining Save-As, let’s define what Save-As is not. The issue with saving Detroit is partly that those doing the saving often presume to know what the city needs, and worse, turn their backs on the communities and the citizens who live and work there. As we know when working on a computer, there is an option for saving a project you are working on without destroying the previous version. It is called Save-as. Urban visionaries understand that if we re-vision Detroit through a contemporary design lens, if Saved-As, we have the opportunity to merge modern urban design strategies with the strengths of the existing framework, such as Detroit’s communities, culture and beautiful architecture. In doing so, ultimately enhancing the quality of life for urban-dwellers as well as the surroundings, benefiting through economic growth and vibrant neighborhoods. In this context, Save-As is therefore about retaining what works–and building up from there. As an educator, I feel that this is an important distinction for students to understand: to not try to save Detroit. The current Detroit riverfront now boasts a renovated Renaissance Center: thankfully there is no more concrete berm. The riverfront now consists of walkable and vibrant public spaces. One of my hunches in this research is that successful projects like this retain less of an emphasis on saving as they do in Save-As: creating a hybrid urban landscape of the best aspects of the what–is now–with what could be, socio-politically and eco-culturally.
Learning from Leibniz: Navigating the Twin Labyrinths of Academia and Practice
Authors:   Virginia Tech, Weiner Frank H.
Published: November 2021

This essay is prompted by a single phrase embedded in the call for papers – “…the best of all available knowledge…” It would be easy to overlook the significance of this brief extracted fragment by taking for granted we know and understand what is indeed the best in the context of the education of an architect. Within the overall frame-work of the conference such considerations could be seen as offering a relevant dialectical antithesis to the main thesis of the conference. It is important to consider how questions of the ‘best’ in relation to knowledge have come to be seen by some as being of lesser importance in our conversations about education. If we do not strive for what is the best then we may loose an overall sense of telos or purposiveness in our various endeavors. The best is the highest good (both in theory and practice). So the best is at least a double condition rather than a singular condition. In Aristotle’s Eudemian Ethics there are no less than three philosophical meanings of the word “best”. First there is best as the Idea of the good (here Idea in a Platonic sense and the good are synonymous), secondly the best as the common good and thirdly the best in a practical sense. There is then a noble best and a practical best.The viability of the conference theme on “The Practice of Teaching and the Teaching of Practice: The Teacher’s Hunch” may actually rely upon establishing a foundation for determining what the best of all available knowledge consists of towards our common pursuits. Here one might propose the word ‘available’ be replaced by the word ‘possible’ so the fragment would now read – the best of all possible knowledge. The distinction between availability and possibility although seemingly minor becomes a crucial one. Availability has to do with use and acquisition in the sense that something or someone is either available or is not available. The notion of availability lacks the gravitas of possibility that can lead to actuality. With the idea of possibility emerges the transcendental question of the freedom for good and evil adjudicated under a form of divine justice. Invoking possibility over availability is an acknowledgment of the perennial importance of the ancient Aristotelian dyad of potency/act in the deeper back-ground of our theories and practices. In a world of crass availabilities, “need is so many bananas”. In what follows the word “knowledge” is understood in Aristotelian sense of the fourfold of causation giving us the possibility to bring forth what we know, what Heidegger poeticized as modes of occasioning – the material, formal, efficient and final causes.
Design Practice and Scholarly Research: Combining the Best of Both Worlds
Authors:   Hasselt University, Quartier Katelijn
Published: November 2021

Establishing new academic programs is a long-term process. Short-term but intensive programs, as a summer school for example, are easier in setting up and can also be used as experimental hubs (thinker spaces). To this end, in 2014, we started to organize a summer school in, what we call, ‘Seamless Retail Design’ in cooperation with Technical University of Delft (TUD) and Politectnico di Milano (Polimi). We presented the students with the challenge to create retail environments which seamlessly combine the spatial (physical environment), the digital and the human (experiential) factor. This challenge is not chosen randomly. Indeed, today, three clear phenomena have changed the way retail needs to be done drastically. Firstly, consumers are more aware of their own buying behavior which reflects on their shopping behavior. Secondly, the scarce time people have and want to spend on shopping, they want to spend it in a nice environment (Quartier, 2017). The third phenomenon is related to the digital revolution, which has changed consumer behavior profoundly. Creating holistic and seamless brand experiences, which transcend the boundaries of online and offline channels is crucial (Rigby, 2014; Van Ossel, 2014; van Tongeren, 2013). So, the fundamental change in the context within which retailers will have to function today and in the near future also asks for a different design approach: how we design stores has changed from a merely design perspective to a more multi-disciplinary one (Zimmerman and Teufel, 2015). To this end, we set up the summer school as an experimental environment in which students from different back-grounds and disciplines, though, with a relation to retailing and design (e.g. interior design, architecture, product design, marketing, graphic design and media design), can collectively reflect on the challenges and opportunities of the store of the future.
Análisis y propuesta de mejoras de la calidad del agua del río Chimbo en la ciudad de Guaranda, provincia de Bolívar, Ecuador
Authors:   , Noboa Velasco Camilo Sebastián
Published: November 2021

El cantón Guaranda, capital de la Provincia de Bolívar, está ubicado en el centro andino del Ecuador; al sur del cantón se encuentra el rio Chimbo que nace a partir de la confluencia del río Guaranda y el Estero Suruhuaycu, conformando un límite natural con el resto de cantones. El río Chimbo actúa como cuerpo receptor de descargas cloacales de la población de la ciudad de Guaranda; en sus riberas se encuentra el Parque Recreacional Camilo Montenegro el cual se ha deteriorado en las últimas décadas. La evaluación diagnóstica y de mejoras de la calidad del agua de este curso superficial describen el objeto principal de estudio, así como el desarrollo de una propuesta de rehabilitación que permita mejorar y optimizar las características del parque recreativo; lo que conlleva al monitoreo de ciertos parámetros fisicoquímicos y microbiológicos del agua superficial, a la utilización de Índices de Calidad de Agua (ICA´s) como herramientas de análisis y al diseño de un Sistema de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales. En la presente investigación se realizó en el periodo febrero – julio del 2019 un monitoreo mensual en cinco puntos de muestreo establecidos desde la naciente del rio Chimbo hasta las afueras del cantón; una vez obtenidos los resultados de los monitoreos, se aplicaron tres ICA´s (el Índice de la Fundación Nacional de Saneamiento de USA,1970); el Índice de DINIUS,1987 y el Índice de Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME), 2001)considerando como prioridad el uso recreativo del recurso hídrico; y resultando un valor medio de calidad global, lo cual indica una afectación antrópica del cuerpo de agua. Asimismo, a partir de los resultados de los monitoreos y en base a la Normativa Ecuatoriana, se diseñó un tratamiento de aguas residuales adaptado a las características del cuerpo de agua, enfocado en el área del Parque Recreacional; para esto se propuso una Trampa de Grasa ya que este es el parámetro que se encuentra fuera de normativa para el Uso Recreativo Mediante Contacto Secundario. Por otra parte, se realizó una Valoración Social del Parque Recreacional a través de encuestas, lo cual evidenció que se trata de un patrimonio valorado positivamente por los habitantes de la ciudad, teniendo un alto potencial turístico, contrarrestado a su vez por la mala calidad del agua del rio y el mal manejo de la infraestructura del mismo; en este sentido se propuso una optimización de su infraestructura a partir del planteo de cuatro áreas (comercial, recreativo, educativo y cultural). Esta investigación sienta las bases para futuros proyectos y brinda una mejora a la dinámica de la ciudad y a la calidad de vida de sus habitantes.
The role of reliable mining and construction analysis in adjudicating mining damage claims
Authors: Kocot Wojciech
Published: November 2021

The basis for recognising claims for mining damage to a structure should be a mining and construction analysis, carried out following a detailed visual inspection of the damage and the results of surface deformation measurements. It allows to establish a cause and effect relation between the activity of the mining company and the damage. Unfortunately, there are cases when such an analysis is omitted and the following scheme is used: "since there is damage and the object is located in a mining area, it is mining damage". The problem is illustrated by two court cases where the author acted as an expert witness. Both cases are examples of the so-called pseudo-mining damage and confirm the thesis that the mere image of damage without professional analysis of construction and mining factors may lead to wrong conclusions regarding the causes of the damage.
Sub-pT magnetic field detection by tunnel magneto-resistive sensors
Authors: Oogane Mikihiko , Fujiwara Kosuke , Kanno Akitake , Nakano Takafumi , Wagatsuma Hiroshi , Arimoto Tadashi , Mizukami Shigemi , Kumagai Seiji , Matsuzaki Hitoshi , Nakasato Nobukazu , Ando Yasuo
Published: November 2021

We developed tunnel magneto-resistive (TMR) sensors based on magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) that are able to detect a weak, sub-pT, magnetic field at a low frequency. Small detectivities of 0.94 pT/Hz1/2 at 1 Hz and 0.05 pT/Hz1/2 at 1 kHz were achieved by lowering the resistance of MTJs and enhancement of the signal using a thick CoFeSiB layer and magnetic flux concentrators. We demonstrated real-time measurement of magnetocardiography (MCG) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of protons using developed sensors. This result shows that both MCG and NMR can be measured by the same measurement system with ultra-sensitive TMR sensors.
Assessing the Impact Covid-19 Pandemic on the Educational Development of Secondary School Students
Authors: Omang Thomas Achoda , Angioha Pius U.
Published: November 2021

The current COVID-19 pandemic affecting nearly all nations of the world have had a profound impact on education. In Nigeria, as the cases of infection continue to increase and the extension of measures to curb the spread of the virus now points to the fact that schools are not physically resuming anytime soon. This study examined the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic measures have affected the educational developmentof secondary school students in Calabar South Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria. Using the descriptive survey method, data was collected from a sample of 400 samples from a population of 191,630 of Calabar South, Cross River State. The sample size was determined using the Slovin Sample Size Formula. The sample was selected using the stratified, purposive and random sampling technique. the instrument of data collection is a semi-structured questionnaire. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Simple Lineal Regression at 0.05 level of significance. Result revealed a significant negative effect of the COVID-19 pandemic measures on the educational development of secondary school students in Calabar South, Cross River State, Nigeria. the study recommends amongst others that the Nigerian government need to copy from other developed nation by partnering with its postal service to deliver worksheets to students in their home especially in low-income families that cannot afford computers.
Attitudes of health workers and outpatients’ recovery in public hospitals in Calabar Metropolis, Nigeria: An Information Analysis
Authors: Agba A. M. Ogaboh , Ojong Felix E. , Akintola Abayomi I. , Maruf Gbadebo S. , Udom Hannah T. , Usung Essienawan U.
Published: November 2021

The study is an information analysis about the assessed awareness of the attitudes of health workers and outpatients’ recovery in public hospitals in Nigeria. Specifically, the study examined negligence and aggressive behaviour by health workers on outpatients’ recovery in public hospitals. The study was carried out in public hospitals in Calabar Metropolis, Nigeria. The cross-sectional design method was adopted to collect empirical data from outpatient in the hospitals for three months. The study adopted the purposive and volunteer sampling techniques in identifying 400 respondents for the study. Data collected were analysed using simple percentages and Chi-squared statistical tools. Results revealed that there is significant relationship between negligence by health workers and outpatients’ recovery (χ2 = 13.45 ≥ 7.815), health workers’ aggression significantly affect outpatients’ recovery (χ2 = 97.09 ≥ 7.815). Based on these findings, it was recommended among others that management of public hospitals should put on measures to curtail attitudes of negligence by staff towards patients, by installing closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras specifically along service points. Management of public hospitals should impose stiff and stringent penalties on staff found to be aggressive towards patients.
Pengaruh lama fermentasi terhadap aktivitas antioksidan minuman fermentasi kombucha lengkuas merah (Alpinia purpurata)
Authors: Hapsari Martina , Rizkiprilisa Windy , Sari Agnes
Published: November 2021

Fermentation is one way to increase bioactive compounds in various food products. Kombucha is a beverage product from traditional fermentation which involves fermenting sugar dissolved in tea with symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY). Kombucha is usually made from a tea solution and not many use spices to make kombucha. In this study, red galangal kombucha will be made. The method used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a variation of fermentation time (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 10) days. Parameters to be analyzed are pH, total phenol, and antioxidant activity. The results obtained are that the length of fermentation affects pH, total phenolic and antioxidant activity of red galangal kombucha drink. The pH of the red galangal kombucha drink decreased along with the length of fermentation. The most optimal total phenolic and antioxidant activity obtained at 8 days of fermentation were 854.64±0.07 gGAE/ml and 89.75±0.06%.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa dengan Metode Critical Incidentp pada Mata Pelajaran Fikih di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Suparlan Suparlan
Published: November 2021

Critical incident strategy (Important Experience) is a strategy to activate students since the start of learning, namely a strategy in which students must remember and describe their past experiences in accordance with the topic of the material presented. The critical incident strategy (important experience) is a strategy in which students must remember and describe their past experiences that are interesting and related and related to the subject to be delivered, then the teacher conveys the material by connecting the experiences possessed by students. According to the Indonesian dictionary, the result is something that exists (happens) by a job, is successful. Meanwhile, according to R.Gagne, results are seen as internal abilities that belong to people and that people do something. While the understanding of learning is etymologically learning to learn from the word "ajar" which gets the prefix ber and is a verb which has the meaning of trying to gain intelligence.
PREVALANCE OF NEUROLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS IN PATIENT WITH COVID-19 INFECTION
Authors: Malar R.Shanthi , Govindarajulu Govindarajulu , Arulnambi N.Thamilpavai , Gopal S.
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: Covid 19 has caused a global pandemic since November 2019. Neurological manifestations also
occur in addition to respiratory symptoms and distress. Recently it has been found that the neurological symptoms of
covid 19 are also common.
OBJECTIVE: To study the neurological manifestations of patients with covid 19
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross sectional study design, patients admitted in GOVT Kilpauk Medical College
,Chennai with symptoms and signs of Covid 19 infection with laboratory confirmed / CT with informed consent.
Neurological examination done by trained neurologist and symptoms were analysed into those involving the central
nervous system and peripheral nervous system
RESULTS: Of 349 patients mean SD age,55.14[14.06]; 232 males [66%] with COVID 19 and 117 females [33%], Of 349
patients ,covid positive patients 179 [51.3%] ,covid negative 170 [48.7 %] .The most common symptoms of patients are
giddiness 282[ 80.8%], weakness of limbs 312[ 89%], myalgia 91 [26%], bells palsy 67 [19%], ataxia 57 [16.3%], seizures
54 [15%] ,loss of taste 37 [10.6%] ,loss of smell 12 [3.4%] ,neck rigidity 10 [2.8%] . The mortality rate of patients ,covid
positive with pneumonia 98 cases [58.3%], covid negative 70 [ 41.7%].
CONCLUSION : Patients with covid -19 commonly have neurological manifestations .
IMPACT OF COVID 19 PANDEMIC ON ACUTE GENERAL SURGICAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT- A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL BASED STUDY
Authors: Thakuria K. K. , Boro Mon Mohan , Kumar M. Naveen
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic is standing as a never before threat to the healthcare systems and hospital
operations worldwide.Transmission of coronavirus (COVID-19) is a considerable risk during the perioperative period
of surgery. Treatment algorithms have changed in general surgery clinics, as in other medical disciplines providing
emergency services.
OBJECTIVES: This study was aimed to evaluate the changes in approach to management and the perioperative
outcome of patients with acute surgical emergency during COVID-19 pandemic.
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:We performed a retrospective observational study in patients presented with acute
surgical emergency between April 2020 to June 2021.
RESULTS: A total of 298 patients were included, among whom 12 (3.4%) were COVID 19 positive. 274 non-COVID
patients and 8 COVID-19 positive patients underwent emergency surgery.While 12 non-COVID (4.1%) and 4 COVID-19
positive patients (40%) underwent conservative management.
None of the hospital staff involved in the surgeries of COVID-19 positive patients developed any symptoms related to
COVID-19.
CONCLUSION: This study showed that the patients with surgical emergency both with or without COVID-19 infection
were successfully treated,without influencing each other,through appropriate isolation measures,although managed in
the same hospital. Importance can also be given towards conservative management particularly for COVID-19 positive
patients presenting with surgical emergency selectively with proper monitoring. So it can be concluded that, although
the management of surgical patients during the COVID-19 pandemic is a global challenge,adequate preparedness and
strategic plan to adjust the surgical services can reduce the exposures to this highly contagious virus.
ASSESSMENT OF VISUAL PROGNOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH OCULAR BURNS: A CROSSSECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Shanthimalar R. , P Divya , Srinivasan S , A Rohini , Saranya M
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Ocular burns are ophthalmic emergencies due to their visual morbidity. The extent of ocular surface
involvement at the time of presentation is critically associated with visual outcome. Comprehensive ocular examination
and prompt management is needed to optimize visual outcome.
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the epidemiological trends, clinical features of patients with ocular burns and to
determine their relationship with visual outcome.
Methods:This prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted on 96 consecutive in-patients who were admitted in the
Department of Plastic surgery and Burns in our hospital and sought opinion for ocular burns, irrespective of age and sex.
The main outcome measures evaluated were clinical features of ocular burns and prognostic factors associated with
visual impairment.
Results: In our study, the mean age (S.D.) of patients was 32.83+/- 18.70 years with both males and females equally
affected. The most common mode of injury was thermal injury due to domestic accidents (88.5%). 74% of patients had
bilateral ocular presentation. Lid burns (42.2%) and lid edema (41.1%) were the most common ocular findings. About
5.2% of eyes showed corneal involvement. About 14 eyes (7.3%) had severe ocular complications among which one eye
developed phthisis bulbi. 20 eyes (16.1%) had visual acuity of less than 6/60 causing visual morbidity. In multivariate
logistic regression analysis, corneal involvement (p<0.001) and ocular complications (p=0.011) had a significant
association with visual impairment.
Conclusion:Corneal involvement and ocular complications are less common in facial burns due to Bell's phenomenon
and protective blink reflex. However, both factors had a significant influence on visual outcome contributing to visual
prognosis. Early intervention and adequate management will lead to favorable visual outcome.
LABOUR ANALGESIA BY NEUROAXIAL BLOCKADE TECHNIQUE AND ITS LABOUR OUTCOME
Authors: Malar R.Shanthi , Vijayalakshmi V. , Thenmozhi P.
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND:Pain relief during labour is an important component of modern obstetric care and can be produced by
neuraxial, systemic or inhalational analgesia. Recent meta-analyses have supported epidural analgesia as the most
efficacious technique.A good labour analgesia should aim at good pain relief during delivery process,at the same time
not causing foetal acidosis,ensures safe for both mother and the baby.
AIM OF THE STUDY:To study the influence of epidural analgesia on maternal and neonatal outcome
MATERIALS AND METHODS:The study was conducted in the depar tment of Obstet r ics and
Gynecology,GOVT.Stanley Medical College,Govt.RSRM LYING IN HOSPITAL,CHENNAI over a period of eight months
from July 2019 to February 2021. The study was performed in 120 selected subjects. The study subjects were divided
based on intervention – labour analgesia into 2 study groups.
In this study,change in vital parameters,fetal heart rate,assessment of pain score,Duration of first and second stage of
labour,mode of delivery,APGAR score and the need for NICU admission were noted and recorded.Any complications
during the course of labour were also recorded.
RESULTS:In this study,there was no significant difference in the mean duration of first and second stage of labour in both
the study and control groups.The mean Apgar score of babies at one minute was 7.02 and at 5 minutes was 8.07 in the
labour analgesia group and showed no significance.Maternal satisfaction for the effect of epidural analgesia,60.00% of
the patients of epidural analgesia, the incidence of satisfactory/very satisfactory experience was meaningfully and
significantly more in labour analgesia group subjects compared to control group subjects by 30 % with a 2 fold increase.
CONCLUSION: As per this study labour analgesia using neuroaxial blockade technique are more likely to encounter
increasing maternal satisfaction and good quality labour pain reduction.
EFFECTIVENESS OF LUMBAR SYMPATHETIC BLOCK IN PATIENTS OF CHRONIC LEG PAIN PRESENTED TO PAIN CLINIC AT A TERTIARY GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL OVER PAST TWO-YEARS: A RETROSPECTIVE AND OBSERVATIONAL STUDY.
Authors: Kulkarni Vinaya R. , Lokapur Madhuri
Published: November 2021

Background:Lumbar sympathetic block is used in inoperable peripheral vascular disease. The block acts as a
vasodilator by decreasing sympathetic tone and improves tissue oxygenation and helps in ulcer healing. No guidelines
exist till date for its use in patients with chronic leg pain and ulcers. The management of patients with unreconstructable
distal disease with rest pain has always been difficult. Lumbar sympathetic block helps to abolish this rest pain.
Aims and Objectives:
1. To study the effectiveness of lumbar sympathetic block
2. To study the ideal level for needle insertion for 100% success rate.
3. To follow up the patients for 1 week, 4 weeks and 12 weeks for relief of symptoms.
4. To study the safety of the block and note the complications.
Materials and Methods: After approval of ethical committee, this retrospective study was conducted from Pain Clinic
Records over the past two years. Total number of patients studied were 30 over past 2 years.
Data Collection: Demographic Data and VAS score was recorded
Preblock walking distance was recorded. CT guided lumbar sympathetic block was given.
Results and Conclusion: Lumbar sympathetic block was very useful, safe and effective method to decrease the rest
pain in patients presented to pain OPD of our hospital. Follow up for 3 months showed healing of ulcers in some of these
patients.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INTRATHECAL FENTANYL WITH HYPERBARIC BUPIVACAINE TO IMPROVE PERIOPERATIVE ANALGESIA IN PATIENT UNDERGOING ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY
Authors: Wagh Rahul , Sangale Swapnil , Jambure Nagesh
Published: November 2021

Background: Various methods exist for treating post-operative pain which includes systemic narcotics, NSAIDS,
patient-controlled analgesia, regional anaesthesia techniques, epidural local anaesthetic – narcotic mixtures,
cryoanalgesia, transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation, psychological methods.
Various opioides intrathecally and epidurally have been tried for post-operative analgesia. These include - morphine,
pethidine, pentazocine, methadone, tramadol, Fentanyl, sufentanyl. In present study, we tried to find out analgesic
effectiveness of intrathecal Fentanyl for post-operative analgesia, combined with 0.5 % Bupivacaine and side effects if
any, in patients undergoing lower limb surgeries.
Materials and Methods: After approval from the local ethics committee and with written informed consent from
patient, a randomized controlled prospective study is carried out in the medical college and hospital.100 patients
belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA)classification I & II, aged between 18-60 years, posted for
elective lower limb surgeries, were randomly allocated for the study.
Group-I: 50 patients received intrathecal 3 ml of 0.5 % hyperbaric Bupivacaine only.
Group-II : 50 patients received intrathecal 3 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric Bupivacaine and
Fentanyl 25 mcg.The patients studied across the group did not vary much with respect to age,height, weight and sex
distribution.
Results: The onset of sensory blockade was faster by 1.27 min in Group-BF. The perioperative and postoperative
hemodynamic parameters were comparable in both the groups. The sensory analgesia in Group II was significantly
prolonged by 159 mins, thus increasing the duration of analgesia. The time of first request of analgesics by the patients in
group-II is prolonged compared to group-I thus prolonging the duration of analgesia. Analgesic requirement is also
reduced in study group in early post-operative period. The onset of motor block was faster when Fentanyl was added to
intrathecal Bupivacaine and it was 1.1 min earlier in study group. The duration of motor block to Bromage III was
prolonged by almost 22 min in study group as compare to control group. Visual analogue scores were significantly lower
in group-II compared to group-I after two hours of surgery thus reducing the frequency of supplemental postoperative
analgesics.
Conclusion: With the present study we can summarize that intrathecal Fentanyl potentiates the action of Bupivacaine
thereby bringing about better quality and longer duration of analgesia, intense motor block, no hemodynamic
disturbance and better postoperative outcome with/ minimum side effects.
AN IMPACTED, INVERTED AND ROTATED MAXILLARY CENTRAL INCISORS AND ITS SURGICAL MANAGEMENT: A CASE REPORT.
Authors: Dewang Prashant , Humne Abhijeet
Published: November 2021

A female patient aged 13 years was referred to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, CSMSS Dental College,
Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India with a complaint of a missing tooth in the upper anterior region of the jaw. The patient
was apparently healthy with no relevant family, medical and dental history. This case is peculiar due to the fact that the
impacted maxillary central incisors are not frequently reported in our routine dental practice. Here, a case of impacted
maxillary left permanent central incisors, with only a few reported cases in the literature, is presented. On radio
diagnosis, it was observed that the tooth was sprawling in an inverted position in the anterior region of the maxilla with
mild dilaceration. Moreover, the tooth was located beneath the remnants of the root stumps of the deciduous maxillary
central incisors and lateral incisors. The treatment for this case was planned with mutual efforts of the orthodontists, the
oral surgeon, and the patient with his parents. The most appropriate treatment of choice for this case was the Surgical
extraction of the impacted maxillary central incisor along with the root stumps of deciduous teeth that were performed
under local anaesthesia without any hindrance to the nasal floor
“A PRE-EXPERIMENTAL STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FOOT REFLEXOLOGY ON DIABETIC PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHIC PAIN AMONG PATIENTS WITH DIABETES FROM SELECTED URBAN COMMUNITY.”
Authors: Gurmit Singh Gill Riya Kaur
Published: November 2021

According to the Diabetes Atlas 2006 published by the
International Diabetes Federation,the number of people with
diabetes is 40.9% in India is around 40.9 million is expected to
rise to 69.9 million by 2025 unless urgent preventive steps are
taken. It is estimated that over half of people currently living
with diabetes in the country are unionized, so there is a real
urgency to increase awareness and knowledge of diabetes
and its associated complications. Foot ulceration is the most
frequently recognized complication,estimated to affect up to
26 million people with diabetes globally.India is home to the
second largest number of diabetes cases (73 million in 2017)
in the world. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) affects
20% to 30% of patients with diabetes and is a significant cause
of morbidity and mortality. Although the true prevalence of
DPN is difficult to determine, it may be responsible for up to
75% of non-traumatic amputations.Therefore investigator has
decided to undertake a study to assess the effectiveness of
foot reflexology on diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain
among patients with diabetes from selected urban
community and objective of the study was to compare the
level of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain before and after
the intervention of foot reflexology among patients with
diabetes
DEMOGRAPHIC, SOCIOECONOMIC AND CLINICAL PROFILE OF OCULAR CHEMICAL INJURIES IN TERTIARY CARE CENTRE IN CENTRAL INDIA
Authors: Walia Shweta , Sabnani Sapna , Bhaisare Vijay
Published: November 2021

PURPOSE: To identify risk factors of Ocular chemical injuries by studying demographic, socio-economic and clinical
characteristics of patients and suggest preventive measures. DESIGN: Prospective hospital-based study.
PARTICIPANTS: Patients who presented to tertiary care hospital in central India with ocular chemical burns during
February 2019-2020.METHODS:In this study a total of 41 patients (49 eyes) were included.Patient data recorded were
Age, Gender, Occupation, Education, socio-economic status, location and mode of injury, type of chemical, use and
awareness of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and first aid.Clinical characteristics studied were initial and final Best
corrected visual acuity (BCVA), grade of injury, Intra- ocular pressure (IOP) at presentation, management and
complications.The variables were evaluated for potential relationships with visual outcome.RESULTS:Average age was
32.05+15.1 years with Male:Female ratio of 1.9:1.Total of 13 patients (31.7%) were illiterate,belonged to Upper Lower IV
socio-economic class (n=20, 48.8%). Most were semi-skilled workers (n=19, 46.3%) and 61% of the total injuries
occurred at workplace.Accidental mode of injury was more prevalent (n=38,92.7%),most common causative chemical
was alkali (n=27 eyes,55.1%).Low grade burns (Grade 1,2 and 3) were most observed (n=34,69.38%).Majority of eyes
(n=39,79.6%) were medically managed.Risk factors for poor final BCVA using multivariate logistic regression analysis
was poor initial BCVA (p =0.011) and grade of chemical injury (p =0.007).Conclusion:Chemical injuries are commonly
encountered by patients of low Socio-Economic Status (SES), who are mostly illiterate. Most sustained injury at
workplace and were not using PPE.These findings identify need for awareness programs with audio-visual components
that are easily understood.It also highlights need for safer workplace practices.
Analysis of the state and global trends in the cultivation and breeding of apple trees
Authors: Atazhanova E. V. , Lukicheva L. A.
Published: November 2021

The objective of the research is to analyze scientific and technical literature, to identify trends in world production and trends in apple breeding. The article uses official data from the FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (Statistics Division). In addition, the information from the websites of the Federal State Statistics Service and the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Gossortcommission" - the State Commission for Selection Achievements, Test and Protection - were used. Statistical reports for the period from 2000 to 2019 were taken for analysis. The volume of fruits produced in the world is increasing every year. Apple production is in third place in the world, second only to coffee and olives. The leading apple suppliers are China, USA, Turkey, Poland, Iran, Italy, India, France, Russia, Chile. In 2000-2019 the gross harvest of apples increased from 59 million tons. up to 87 million tons, while the number of cultivated areas decreased from 5.4 to 4.7 million hectares. The main producing regions of this crop are Asia (60.7%), Europe (22.1%), America (12.9%), Africa (3.2%) and Oceania (1.1%). At the same time, the world production of apple trees has significantly stepped towards intensification, thanks to new cultivars and new cultivation technologies. Over the past twenty years, global apple production has grown significantly due to the intensification of production and the introduction of new breeding cultivars.