bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and analysis of a novel open ended T‐shaped slot loaded compact multifrequency microstrip patch antenna
Authors: Das Sudipta , Karmakar Abshishek , Sarkar Partha P. , Chowdhury Santosh K.
Published: December 2013

This article is aimed at proposing a single layer, single feed, compact microstrip patch antenna for multifrequency operation. An open ended T‐shaped slot is introduced at the right‐side radiating edge of the patch to reduce the size of the antenna and also to obtain multiple resonant frequencies. The measured result shows that the size of the antenna has been reduced by 61% with an increased frequency ratio (the ratio of second or higher resonant frequency to the first resonant frequency).The proposed antenna is designed and fabricated for operating at 3.6, 5.2, 6.1, and 7.3 GHz. Good agreement is achieved between the simulated and measured results. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:316–322, 2014
Very broadband PIFA antenna for mobile communications and ultrawideband services
Authors: Gomez‐Villanueva R. , Linares‐y‐Miranda R. , Tirado‐Mēndez J. A. , Jardon‐Aguilar H.
Published: December 2013

This article describes a very wideband planar inverted‐F antenna antenna that covers the frequencies from 1.73 to 10.25 GHz with S11 < ‐10 dB. This wideband encompasses the operating bands of mobile services such as DCS, PCS, LTE, WiMAX, WiFi, Bluetooth, and the major part of the ultrawideband spectrum. This new antenna has adequate radiation characteristics and dimensions of 4 × 2 × 1 cm3 that are suitable to be integrated in mobile terminals. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:313–316, 2014
Multiband meandered miniaturized patch antenna loaded with split ring resonator and thin wire arrays
Authors: Patel Shobhit K. , Kosta Yogeshwar
Published: December 2013

Artificial materials have attracted considerable attention as potential solutions to meet the demands of modern microwave technology for simultaneously achieving component minimization and higher performance in wireless communications, mobile communications, and satellite communication applications. So in this letter, we have investigated a multiband meandered miniaturized patch antenna with the use of split ring resonator (SRR) and thin wire arrays. SRR are promising building blocks for negative permeability metamaterials and thin wire arrays for negative permittivity. By combining SRR arrays and wire arrays together, we observed a transmission band where both permittivity and permeability are simultaneously negative. Simulated results for the S11 and electric field of an antenna are presented. The result shows multibands centered at 1.89, 2.04, 2.13, and 2.31 GHz. Design results are obtained by a high frequency structure simulator which is used for simulating microwave passive components. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:306–310, 2014
Design of a new bandpass filter using S‐CRLH SIRs
Authors: Tang Zongxi , Cao Xin , Wang Fei , Wu Yunqiu , Wei Yao , Zhang Biao
Published: December 2013

A new quad‐band bandpass filter using simplified composite right/left handed (S‐CRLH) stepped impedance resonators (SIR) is proposed in this article. The filter uses the zeroth and first‐order resonance of the two S‐CRLH SIRs and achieves insertion loss of 0.93, 0.79, 1.14, 0.64 dB at 5.9, 6.6, 9.3, and 9.7 GHz, respectively. It has the advantages of low in‐band insertion loss, good out‐band rejection, and compact size. Good agreement has been achieved between simulation and measurement results. It has been demonstrated by the results for the first time that the zeroth‐order resonance mode of S‐CRLH transmission lines can also be ultilized in the multipassband (over three passbands, not just mono‐ or dual‐passband) filter application to achieve good performance. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:265–268, 2014
Up to 112 Gbit/s single wavelength channel transmission in the 1310 nm wavelength domain
Authors: Mazurek Paweł , Czyżak Paweł , de Waardt Huug , Turkiewicz Jarosław Piotr
Published: December 2013

In this article, we present up to 112 Gbit/s single wavelength channel on‐off keying transmission in the 1310‐nm wavelength domain utilizing polarization multiplexing over distances 25–38 km of standard single mode fiber. Excellent operation of the system is demonstrated. The proposed solution can be successfully utilized in data communications transmission. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:263–265, 2014
Dual‐stopband filter using metamaterial hexagonal mushroom resonator
Authors: Awasthi Seema , Biswas Animesh , Akhtar Mohammed Jaleel
Published: December 2013

In this article, dual‐stopband filter based on metamaterial hexagonal mushroom resonator is presented first time. Here, hexagonal mushroom resonators are used to synthesize planar microwave filter using the coupling coefficient approach based on frequency transformation. There are different approaches to implement dual‐band filters among which frequency transformation technique is advantageous than other methods in terms of complexity to find the transfer functions. So it is applied here to generate the coupling matrix of direct coupled dual‐stopband filter. For easy tuning, filter has been synthesized in cul‐de‐sac topology that is suitable for band stop filter realization and eliminates the need for diagonal couplings. Finally, a six‐pole direct‐coupled dual‐stopband filter in cul‐de‐sac configuration has been fabricated using hexagonal metamaterial mushroom resonator. Excellent agreement between simulation and experimental result has been achieved. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:326–329, 2014
Optical single sideband modulation using fiber nonlinearity and injection locked technology in radio‐on‐fiber systems
Authors: Tsai W. S. , Chen Y. L. , Lin G. C.
Published: December 2013

We propose a transmission system based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) effect and injection locked distributed‐feedback (DFB) laser to achieve optical single sideband (OSSB) modulation. These two kinds of technologies fall on frequency band approximately nearby 10.8 GHz to enhance OSSB signal. The first step drives radio frequency signal into modulator and uses SBS effect to enhance right sideband. The second step based on injection locked DFB laser achieves OSSB modulation. After 25‐km single mode fiber transmission, we can observe the sideband power ratio > 15.81 dB and performances for bit error rate analysis with power penalty about 5.2 dB at 10−8. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:274–278, 2014
A compact CPW‐fed circular slot antenna with reconfigurable dual band‐notch characteristics for UWB communication applications
Authors: Li Yingsong , Li Wenxing , Mittra Raj
Published: December 2013

A CPW‐fed ultrawideband (UWB) antenna with dual band‐notch characteristic and reconfigurable function is proposed and its performance is verified experimentally. The dual band‐notch function is realized by using a pair of open‐ended T‐shaped stubs (OET‐S), inserted into the circular ring radiating patch, and by using an inverted‐F stub‐loaded rectangular resonator (IFSLRR) etching on the CPW‐fed transmission line. The reconfigurable characteristic is realized by integrating two switches into the proposed OET‐S and the IFSLRR. The proposed antenna is designed, simulated, optimized, and fabricated. The simulated and measured results show that the proposed antenna has a wide impedance bandwidth, omnidirectional patterns, dual band‐notch characteristics, and reconfigurable function, making it suitable for UWB communication applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:465–468, 2014
An iterative full‐wave method for designing bandstop frequency selective surfaces on textile substrates
Authors: Cavalcante Gustavo A. , D'Assunção Adaildo G. , D'Assunção Adaildo G.
Published: December 2013

This work presents an investigation of frequency selective surfaces (FSSs), with cross dipole, square loop, and triangular patch elements printed on textile substrates which exhibit some advantages over typical dielectric substrates used in FSS structures, such as high flexibility, low weight, low cost, and ease fabrication. Among these advantages, flexibility is certainly the most important one, allowing the FSS geometry to be used in many microwave circuit applications. Simulated results are obtained using both an implementation of the wave concept iterative procedure and Ansoft Designer commercial software for comparison purpose. Furthermore, textile FSS prototypes are built and measured to validate the simulated results. Good agreement is reported between simulated and measured results. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:383–388, 2014
Elimination of scan blindness of microstrip array by using I‐shaped λ/2 resonator
Authors: Ghosh Chandan Kumar , Parui Susanta Kumar
Published: December 2013

A compact I‐shaped λ/2 resonator is introduced in order to reduce the mutual coupling between antenna elements and eliminate the scan blindness in a microstrip array. The proposed λ/2 resonator is inserted between the adjacent E‐shaped microstrip antenna elements separated by 0.45 λ, as a technique to suppress the occurrence of radiation in the horizontal direction. Simulated and measured results show that a reduction in mutual coupling of 35 dB is obtained between elements at the operation frequency of 3.94 GHz of the array. The scan properties of microstrip array with and without resonator have been studied and the result indicates that the scan blindness of the array can be well eliminated because of the effect of the resonator. We have developed experimental models that have proved this concept of scan blindness elimination. Finally, the influence of other antenna parameters at the presence of resonator in the array system has been studied. Prototype antennas of two‐element and four‐element array with and without resonator have been fabricated, measured, and the idea has been verified. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:334–338, 2014
Design of compact broadband phase shifter with constant loss variation
Authors: Lee Han Lim , Moon Seong‐Mo , Lee Moon‐Que , Yu Jong‐Won
Published: December 2013

Two types of compact broadband phase shifter MMICs (monolithic microwave integrated circuits) with constant insertion loss variations are presented. Both phase shifters are reflection‐type phase shifters using a Lange coupler as a 3‐dB coupler and LC resonance terminations. The first type phase shifter uses a single diode with reverse biasing as a varactor and adopts a miniaturized Lange coupler to maximize compactness and to minimize parasitic loss. The second type adopts back‐to‐back connected diodes with reverse biasing as a varactor for wider tunable phase range and parallel resistors for constant insertion loss variation. For both types, MMIC's are fabricated in GaAs 0.15‐μm low noise pHEMT (p‐high electron mobility transition) process and required indcutances are implemented by microstrip lines. The implemented MMIC phase shifter of the first type shows the measured relative phase shift range of 80° and measured insertion loss of 2.1 ± 0.2 dB at 20 GHz. The measured relative phase shift range of 72 ± 9° and the measured insertion loss variation of ±0.2 dB are obtained from 15 to 25 GHz. Similarly, the second type phase shifter shows the measured relative phase shift range of 104° and measured insertion loss of 2.4 ± 0.1 dB at 21 GHz. Also, the broadband characteristic of the second type is verified by the measured relative phase shift range of 96 ± 8° with the constant insertion loss variation of ±0.2 dB from 17 to 25 GHz. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:394–400, 2014
Ultrawideband slotted semicircular patch antenna
Authors: Telsang Trupti M. , Kakade A. B.
Published: December 2013

A compact ultrawideband microstrip patch antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) and a microstrip line is presented in this article. The performance between these two feeds on the return loss bandwidth is compared. The radiation pattern stability of the antenna is also investigated. The measured impedance bandwidth of CPW fed and microstrip line fed patch antennas is from 3 to 18 GHz and 2 to 13 GHz (146.67%), respectively. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:362–369, 2014
15% bandwidth 7 GHz GaN‐MMIC Doherty amplifier with enhanced auxiliary chain
Authors: Piazzon Luca , Colantonio Paolo , Giannini Franco , Giofré Rocco
Published: December 2013

This contribution presents the development and characterization of a GaN Doherty power amplifier for backhaul microwave links in the 6.35–7.35 GHz frequency range. To minimize the AM/AM distortion, a driver stage is integrated in the auxiliary branch. Such feature also allows to obtain a higher overall gain than the standard approach. Moreover, to enlarge the bandwidth a coupled lines directional coupler is adopted at the input to split the power to the two branches. Experimental characterization showed 10.5 dB Gain, 38.1 dBm saturated output power, 42% efficiency at 7 dB output back‐off, and 15% bandwidth at 1 dB gain ripple. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:502–504, 2014
Bandwidth improvement of reflectarrays using single‐layered double concentric circular ring elements on a subwavelength grid
Authors: Guo Lu , Tan Peng‐Khiang , Chio Tan‐Huat
Published: December 2013

This article proposes the use of double concentric circular ring elements arranged in a subwavelength grid on a single layer of substrate, in an effort to increase the bandwidth of reflectarrays. Compared to the traditional λ/2 grid arrangements, radiating elements arranged in subwavelength grids achieves a more similar behavior over wider frequency bands when radiating elements' parameters are varied; albeit with a smaller reflected phase range. Furthermore, in contrast to conventional subwavelength single‐patch designs that have only one variable parameter of the phasing element, the double concentric circular ring elements also allow additional degrees‐of‐freedom to improve the bandwidth. Based on the concentric ring element, two offset‐fed 0.43 × 0.43 m2 reflectarrays, one with λ/2 grid and another with λ/3 grid, centered at 10 GHz are designed and developed. The measured results show that the 2‐dB gain bandwidth of the one with λ/2 grid spacing is 13.6%, whereas the one with λ/3 grid spacing is 24.4%. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:418–421, 2014
A compact substrate integrated coaxial line bandpass filter with extended rejection bandwidth
Authors: Zhang Yan , Song Zhe
Published: December 2013

In this article, a compact bandpass filter is proposed using substrate integrated coaxial line technology. An extended rejection bandwidth performance is achieved by introducing partially coupled λ/4‐stepped impedance resonators. Based on the multilayer PCB process, a prototype has been fabricated in a 5.8 × 20 × 1.13 mm3 planar module, which is about 0.045 λ0 × 0.16 λ0 × 0.009 λ0. Measurements confirm that the proposed filter centered at 2.35 GHz is realized with a very low insertion loss of 0.96 dB, and a 27‐dB rejection bandwidth up to 5.82f0. The filter features compact size, low crosstalk, low loss, and high density integration ability. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:415–418, 2014
Electromagnetic bandgap resonators synthesized using ceramic injection molding
Authors: Henderson Rashaunda , Tang Zhizhong , Liu Shaojun , Petras Michael , Aberle James P. , Newman Nathan
Published: December 2013

A temperature‐compensated high‐performance BaZn1/3Ta2/3O3 microwave substrate has been inductively loaded with metallic posts to realize an electromagnetic bandgap device with a 5‐GHz bandgap. Capacitive gaps inserted in the device create resonances in the bandgap that are 1/20 the size of standard distributed designs. Simulation and measurement of the bandgap structures agree to 20 GHz. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:371–375, 2014
Vivaldi antenna with printed lens in aperture
Authors: Avdushin A. S. , Ashikhmin A. V. , Negrobov V. V. , Pasternak Yu G. , Fedorov S. M.
Published: December 2013

In article was researched, the possibility of improving the characteristics of Vivaldi antenna by use of printed lens located in aperture. It is shown that use of lens leads to increase in gain and reduce level of side lobes. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:369–371, 2014
All‐optical OOK‐TO‐QPSK modulation format conversion based on XPM
Authors: Duarte Vanessa C. , Shahpari Ali , Drummond Miguel V. , Teixeira António , Nogueira Rogério N.
Published: December 2013

In this article, we propose and experimentally demonstrate all‐optical conversion of two nonreturn‐to‐zero on‐off‐keying signals at 10 and 20 Gb/s into 20 and 40 Gb/s quadrature phase shift keying signals. The presented modulation format converter relies on cross‐phase modulation in a highly nonlinear fiber. Simulation results are also presented, including the impact of amplitude‐to‐phase noise conversion, and show consistency with the experimental results. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:355–359, 2014
A 12.1 mW 50–67‐GHz CMOS up‐conversion mixer with 6‐dB conversion gain and 30.7‐dB LO‐RF isolation
Authors: Lin Yo‐Sheng , Wen Wei‐Chen , Tsai Tzung‐Min
Published: December 2013

A 50–67‐GHz double‐balanced mixer for direct up‐conversion using standard 90‐nm CMOS technology is reported. The up‐conversion mixer comprises an enhanced double‐balanced Gilbert cell with current injection for power consumption reduction, and negative resistance compensation for conversion gain (CG) enhancement, a parallel and differential intermediate frequency (IF) transconductance stage for bandwidth and linearity enhancement, a Marchand balun for converting the single local oscillator (LO) input signal to differential signal, and another Marchand balun for converting the differential radio‐frequency (RF) output signal to single signal. The mixer consumes 12.1 mW and achieves IF‐port input return loss of −12.8 dB at 0.1 GHz, LO‐port input return loss of −9.5 to −11.4 dB and RF‐port input return loss of −10.7 to −12.5 dB for frequencies 57–64 GHz. At IF of 0.1 GHz, the mixer achieves CG of 3.1–6 dB and LO‐RF isolation of 26.4–30.7 dB for RF of 50–67 GHz. The corresponding 3‐dB bandwidth of RF is larger than 17 GHz (the measurement range of 50–67 GHz). To the authors' knowledge, the CG and power consumption are the best results ever reported for a 60‐GHz CMOS/BiCMOS up‐conversion mixer. In addition, the measured IIP3 is −6.4 dBm at RF of 60 GHz. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:475–483, 2014
Design and analysis of a coplanar waveguide fed ultrawideband hexagonal open slot antenna with WLAN and WiMAX band rejection
Authors: Mandal Tapan , Das Santanu
Published: December 2013

A simple coplanar waveguide fed hexagonal like open slot antenna has been considered for ultrawide bandwidth (UWB) in this article. This antenna is then modified to obtain dual band rejection. Dual band rejection frequencies (WLAN: 5.0–5.9 GHz, WiMAX: 3.3–3.7 GHz) at 5.5 and 3.5 GHz are achieved by embedding a U‐shape slot in the exciting stub as well as a couple of L‐shape open circuit stubs at the edge of the slot, respectively. The length and width of the U‐shape slot and L‐shape stubs offer sufficient freedom for selecting and shifting the notch bands. Impedance bandwidth, gain and radiation characteristics of them are studied and discussed here. A prototype and proposed antenna is designed, fabricated, and tested. The simulated and measured results of the proposed antenna have reasonable agreement between them. Proposed antenna has acceptable performances in terms of bandwidth, radiation pattern, gain, efficiency, phase, and group delay. Hence the proposed antenna may be suitable for UWB applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:434–443, 2014
A concurrent dual‐band LNA for noninvasive vital sign detection system
Authors: Iyer Brijesh , Pathak Nagendra P.
Published: December 2013

This article illustrates a pseudomorphic‐high electron‐mobility transistor 2.44‐/5.25‐GHz concurrent dual‐band low‐noise amplifier for noninvasive human vital sign detection using a standard hybrid microstrip integrated technology process. A novel dual‐band DC bias network is proposed to operate over 2.44‐/5.25‐GHz. Input and output impedance matching networks are designed using double open‐circuited shunt‐stubs. This allows simultaneous matching of arbitrarily different complex impedance (say of transistor) to standard 50‐Ω impedance at any two desired frequencies, while rejecting a wide‐band between them. The fabricated circuit exhibits gain of 7.15 and 7.80 dB, and noise figures of 4.34 and 4.69 dB at two desired frequency bands, respectively. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:391–394, 2014
A class of finite volume schemes of arbitrary order on nonuniform meshes
Authors: Zhang Qinghui , Zou Qingsong
Published: December 2013

In this article, we generalize the bi‐finite volume schemes developed in Zhang and Zou, J Sci Comput (in press) for elliptic equations with high smooth solutions to elliptic equations with singular solutions. By designing a special nonuniform rectangular meshes, we construct a class of finite volume schemes of arbitrary orderk. Our theoretic analysis shows that if the solution has weak singularity of type, whereris the distance from some target point to some fixed singular point, theH1norm of our finite volume schemes' discretization error converges with optimal order, while theL2norm error converges with order. Here,N2is the cardinality of the underlying mesh. Superconvergence property of the scheme is also discussed. Our theoretic findings have been verified by numerical experiments. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 30: 1614–1632, 2014
Enhanced mechanical properties of graphene/natural rubber nanocomposites at low content
Authors: Xing Wang , Wu Jinrong , Huang Guangsu , Li Hui , Tang Maozhu , Fu Xuan
Published: December 2013

Graphene/natural rubber (GE/NR) nanocomposites were prepared by a modified latex mixing method combined with in situ chemical reduction. It was found that the GE nanosheets are well dispersed and have strong interfacial interaction with NR. Thus, adding a low content of GE can remarkably increase the tensile strength and the initial tensile modulus of NR. With incorporation of as low as 0.5 phr of GE, a 48% increase in the tensile strength and an 80% increase in the initial tensile modulus are achieved without sacrificing the ultimate strain. But further increasing the GE loading degrades the tensile strength and the ultimate strain. Dynamic mechanical measurement indicates that the storage modulus of the nanocomposites is greatly enhanced with addition of GE, while the loss tangent peak is depressed due to the reduced mobility of the rubber molecules. The reinforcement effect of GE on NR is interpreted as a change in the strain induced crystallization and network structure of the nanocomposites, based on the analysis of Mooney − Rivlin plots and the tube model.© 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Quantitative proteomics in the field of microbiology
Authors: Otto Andreas , Becher Dörte , Schmidt Frank
Published: December 2013

Quantitative proteomics has become an indispensable analytical tool for microbial research. Modern microbial proteomics covers a wide range of topics in basic and applied research from in vitro characterization of single organisms to unravel the physiological implications of stress/starvation to description of the proteome content of a cell at a given time. With the techniques available, ranging from classical gel‐based procedures to modern MS‐based quantitative techniques, including metabolic and chemical labeling, as well as label‐free techniques, quantitative proteomics is today highly successful in sophisticated settings of high complexity such as host–pathogen interactions, mixed microbial communities, and microbial metaproteomics. In this review, we will focus on the vast range of techniques practically applied in current research with an introduction of the workflows used for quantitative comparisons, a description of the advantages/disadvantages of the various methods, reference to hallmark publications and presentation of applications in current microbial research.
The secretome of the working human skeletal muscle—A promising opportunity to combat the metabolic disaster?
Authors: Weigert Cora , Lehmann Rainer , Hartwig Sonja , Lehr Stefan
Published: December 2013

Recent years have provided clear evidence for the skeletal muscle as an endocrine organ. Muscle contraction during physical activity has emerged as an important activator of the release of the proteins and peptides called “myokines." Diverse proteomic profiling approaches were applied to rodent and human skeletal muscle cells to characterize the complete secretome, to study the regulation of the secretome during cell differentiation or the release of myokines upon contractile activity of myotubes. Several of the exercise‐regulated factors have the potency to mediate an interorgan crosstalk. The paracrine function of the secreted peptides and proteins to regulate muscle regeneration, tissue remodeling, and trainability can have direct effects on whole‐body glucose disposal and oxygen consumption. The overall composition and dynamic of the myokinome are still incompletely characterized. Recent advantages in metabolomics and lipidomics will add metabolites and lipids with autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine function to the contraction‐induced secretome of the skeletal muscle. The identification of these metabolites will lead to a more comprehensive view described by a new myo(metabo)kinome consisting of peptides, proteins, and metabolites.
Host suitability comparison between the MEAM1 and AsiaII 1 cryptic species of Bemisia tabaci in cotton‐growing zones of Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Muhammad Z , Naveed Muhammad , Noor ul Ane Muhammad , Ren Shun‐Xiang , De Barro Paul , Qiu Bao‐Li
Published: December 2013

BACKGROUND

Bemisia tabaci is a cryptic species complex. In Pakistan, members of the complex, MEAM1 and AsiaII 1, are the predominant species infesting cotton. The biology of the two on cotton, collard, cucumber and tomato was studied.

RESULTS

In all cases there were significant interactions between species and host. MEAM1 developmental periods did not differ significantly across hosts, whereas AsiaII 1 developed more slowly on vegetables than on cotton. MEAM1 survival was highest on tomato (53.5 ± 1.1%), while AsiaII 1 survived best on cotton (67.3 ± 11.6%). MEAM1 longevity and fecundity were highest on tomato (14.7 ± 1.7 days and 82.4 ± 9.9 eggs), while AsiaII 1 longevity and fecundity were highest on cotton (23.7 ± 2.5 days and 135.2 ± 13.6 eggs). The MEAM1 intrinsic rates of increase (rm) on cotton and vegetable were similar (0.08–0.10), whereas the AsiaII 1 rm on cotton (0.15) was higher than on vegetables (0.11–0.13). The biology of MEAM1 from Pakistan was compared with published studies; it had a consistently slower rate of development, lower percentage survival, lower adult longevity, longer generation time, lower net reproductive rate and lower rm.

CONCLUSIONS

MEAM1 performed similarly across all hosts, whereas AsiaII 1 performed better on cotton. The comparison between the Pakistani MEAM1 with published studies suggests that the invasive MEAM1 may have higher performance. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
On‐site correlation of p‐electron in d10 semiconductor zinc oxide
Authors: Deng Xiao‐Yan , Liu Guang‐Hua , Jing Xi‐Ping , Tian Guang‐Shan
Published: December 2013

Using GGA+U approach based on the density functional theory, the on‐site correlation and the electronic structure of wurtzite zinc oxide are investigated. By atomic population analysis, the zinc 3d orbital is found to be almost fully filled, but the oxygen 2p orbital is partially filled. So, the zinc oxide can be approximately regarded as a sort of d10 semiconductor. Similar to that of d0 magnets found previously, the on‐site Coulomb repulsion of 2p orbital in such a d10 system is shown to be also indispensable in addition to that of 3d orbital. As the unconventional on‐site Coulomb repulsion of O 2p is considered, the theoretical results agree with the previous experimental observations satisfactorily. The partial density of states shows significant OZn hybridization in the valence band, but it decreases a little as the on‐site correlations are taken into account. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Scope and limitation of label‐free multiphoton microscopy and probe‐labeled two‐photon microscopy for the endomicroscopic diagnosis
Authors: Chun Hoon Jai , Kim Eun Sun , Cho Bong Rae
Published: December 2013

We briefly describe the advantages and limitations of label‐free multiphoton microscopy and probe‐labeled two‐photon microscopy for the endomicroscopic diagnosis. The two methods are complementary and more information can be collected from tissues by combining the two methods. Therefore, parallel efforts should be directed to the development of both label‐free MPM and probe‐labeled TPM as the diagnostic tool. SCANNING 36:462–464, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
“What comes to mind when you think of science? The perfumery!”: Documenting science‐related cultural learning pathways across contexts and timescales
Authors: Bricker Leah A. , Bell Philip
Published: December 2013

In this paper, we explore the details of one youth's science‐related learning in‐ and out‐of‐school at the time of her participation in an ethnography of youth science and technology learning across contexts and over time. We use the Cultural Learning Pathways Framework to analyze the youth's interests, and the related sociocultural, historical, material, and affect‐laden practices in which she and her family participated. The following question guided our analysis: How do everyday moments—experienced across settings, pursuits, social groups, and time—result in scientific learning, expertise development, and identification? We found that this youth's interest in various aspects of the sciences was years in the making, embedded in situated events that were part of a space–time continuum bound by passion for the practices involved, influenced by specific cultural practices, and explored with the help of close family collaborators. We also found that school science activity in which the youth in question participated both supported and could have potentially constrained her science‐related cultural learning pathways. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 51: 260–285, 2014
Effect of trifloxystrobin on hatching, survival, and gene expression of endocrine biomarkers in early life stages of medaka (Oryzias latipes)
Authors: Zhu Lifei , Wang Huili , Liu Huijun , Li Wei
Published: December 2013

Trifloxystrobin is a systemic broad‐spectrum foliar strobilurin fungicides that enters the aquatic environment during agricultural application. It is highly toxic and poses a potential risk to aquatic organisms, whereas the effect on the development of early life stages of fish are unclear. In this study, hatchability, time to hatching, and larval mortality were measured. Additionally, the expression of biomarker genes, including those involved in sex hormone pathways (er, vtg, cyp17, and cyp19a), thyroid hormone pathways (trα and dio2), and aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathways (ahr and cyp1a), was determined after embryos of medaka (Oryzias latipes) were exposed to different levels of trifloxystrobin (0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μg/L) for 28 days. The results showed that there were significant differences between controls and the 100 μg/L treatment group in both hatchability and time to hatching of fertilized eggs (p < 0.05). Larval mortality was significantly increased in the 0.1, 1, and 10 μg/L treatment groups (p < 0.05). These results indicate that embryonic and larval development may be affected by trifloxystrobin exposure. Moreover, the mRNA levels of the er gene were significantly up‐regulated at levels of trifloxystrobin above 1 μg/L treatment groups. Up‐regulation of vtg, cyp17, and cyp19a mRNA levels was observed in the larvae at the lower concentration treatment groups. The mRNA levels of cyp1a genes were significantly up‐regulated at all of the treatment groups. These results suggest that trifloxystrobin is a potential endocrine disruptor through effects on the sex hormone pathway and xenobiotic metabolism. The changes in cyp1a expression can be used as a highly sensitive biomarker to assess trifloxystrobin contamination in the early life stages of fish. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 648–655, 2015.
Agonist antibody activates death receptor 6 downstream signaling involving TRADD recruitment
Authors: Hu Rui , Du Qiumei , Yin Xiangyun , Li Jingyun , Wang Tingting , Zhang Liguo
Published: December 2013

Death receptor 6 (DR6) is a member of the death domain‐containing receptors that belong to the TNFR superfamily. To date, the ligand for DR6 is still not clearly defined. Here, we developed a functional agonist monoclonal antibody (DQM3) against DR6, which bound to the first cysteine‐rich domain. Importantly, DR6 signaling could be clearly activated by DQM3, which was dependent on its intracellular death domain. In addition, we demonstrated that the association between DR6 and TRADD was enhanced upon DQM3 stimulation and TRADD was involved in DR6‐induced signaling activation. Taken together, our findings provide new insight into a novel mechanism by which DR6 induces downstream signaling in response to an agonist antibody.
Different effects of Atg2 and Atg18 mutations on Atg8a and Atg9 trafficking during starvation in Drosophila
Authors: Nagy Péter , Hegedűs Krisztina , Pircs Karolina , Varga Ágnes , Juhász Gábor
Published: December 2013

The Atg2–Atg18 complex acts in parallel to Atg8 and regulates Atg9 recycling from phagophore assembly site (PAS) during autophagy in yeast. Here we show that in Drosophila, both Atg9 and Atg18 are required for Atg8a puncta formation, unlike Atg2. Selective autophagic degradation of ubiquitinated proteins is mediated by Ref(2)P/p62. The transmembrane protein Atg9 accumulates on refractory to Sigma P (Ref(2)P) aggregates in Atg7, Atg8a and Atg2 mutants. No accumulation of Atg9 is seen on Ref(2)P in cells lacking Atg18 or Vps34 lipid kinase function, while the Atg1 complex subunit FIP200 is recruited. The simultaneous interaction of Atg18 with both Atg9 and Ref(2)P raises the possibility that Atg18 may facilitate selective degradation of ubiquitinated protein aggregates by autophagy.
Overexpression of RhoGDI, a novel predictor of distant metastasis, promotes cell proliferation and migration in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Hui , Wang Bin , Liao Qing , An Hongying , Li Weidong , Jin Xuejun , Cui Shuzhong , Zhao Liang
Published: December 2013

RhoGDI (Rho GDP‐dissociation inhibitor alpha, or RhoGDIα) was identified as a regulator of Rho GTPases, but its role in cancer remains controversial. In this study, increased expression of RhoGDI was detected in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and tissues with highly metastatic potential. RhoGDI overexpression correlated with postoperative distant metastasis. Enforced expression of RhoGDI in HCC cells significantly enhanced cell proliferation and migration. Conversely, knockdown of RhoGDI caused an inhibition of the aggressive phenotypes of HCC cells. Furthermore, RhoGDI up‐regulated Rho, but not Rac, and enhanced PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathway activity. Our findings suggest that RhoGDI overexpression is a predictor of distant metastasis and plays an important role in the progression of HCC.
Neuroprotective effect of anthocyanins on acetylcholinesterase activity and attenuation of scopolamine‐induced amnesia in rats
Authors: Gutierres Jessié M. , Carvalho Fabiano B. , Schetinger Maria Rosa C. , Agostinho Paula , Marisco Patricia C. , Vieira Juliano M. , Rosa Michele M. , Bohnert Crystiani , Rubin Maribel A. , Morsch Vera M. , Spanevello Roselia , Mazzanti Cinthia M.
Published: December 2013

Anthocyanins are a group of natural phenolic compounds responsible for the color to plants and fruits. These compounds might have beneficial effects on memory and have antioxidant properties. In the present study we have investigated the therapeutic efficacy of anthocyanins in an animal model of cognitive deficits, associated to Alzheimer's disease, induced by scopolamine. We evaluated whether anthocyanins protect the effects caused by SCO on nitrite/nitrate (NOx) levels and Na+,K+‐ATPase and Ca2+‐ATPase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus (of rats. We used 4 different groups of animals: control (CTRL), anthocyanins treated (ANT), scopolamine‐challenged (SCO), and scopolamine + anthocyanins (SCO + ANT). After seven days of treatment with ANT (200 mg kg−1; oral), the animals were SCO injected (1 mg kg−1; IP) and were performed the behavior tests, and submitted to euthanasia. A memory deficit was found in SCO group, but ANT treatment prevented this impairment of memory (P < 0.05). The ANT treatment per se had an anxiolytic effect. AChE activity was increased in both in cortex and hippocampus of SCO group, this effect was significantly attenuated by ANT (P < 0.05). SCO decreased Na+,K+‐ATPase and Ca2+‐ATPase activities in hippocampus, and ANT was able to significantly (P < 0.05) prevent these effects. No significant alteration was found on NOx levels among the groups. In conclusion, the ANT is able to regulate cholinergic neurotransmission and restore the Na+,K+‐ATPase and Ca2+‐ATPase activities, and also prevented memory deficits caused by scopolamine administration.
Studiendesign und Methodik des Epidemiologischen Suchtsurveys 2012
Authors: Kraus Ludwig , Piontek Daniela , Pabst Alexander , Matos Elena Gomes de
Published: December 2013

Ziel: Es wird ein Überblick über Design und Stichprobenziehung, Erhebungsinstrumente, Durchführung sowie methodische Analysen des Epidemiologischen Suchtsurveys (ESA) 2012 gegeben. Methodik: Die Ziehung der Personenstichprobe erfolgte disproportional zur Verteilung der Geburtsjahrgänge auf Basis der Einwohnermelderegister in einem zweistufigen Zufallsverfahren. Die Befragungen wurden im Methodenmix durchgeführt (schriftlich, telefonisch, Internet). Ergebnisse: Insgesamt nahmen 9084 Personen im Alter zwischen 18 und 64 Jahren an der Studie teil (Nettoausschöpfung 53.6 %). Das Redressement-Gewicht hatte eine Effektivität von 67.6 %. Nicht-Teilnehmer wiesen eine niedrigere Konsumprävalenz von Alkohol und Cannabis, aber eine erhöhte Prävalenz des episodischen Rauschtrinkens und Schlafmittelgebrauchs sowie höhere Tabakkonsummengen auf als Teilnehmer. Telefonisch und im Internet befragte Personen gaben seltener Substanzkonsum an als schriftlich Befragte. Schlussfolgerungen: Der zentralen Herausforderung sinkender Ausschöpfungsraten in epidemiologischen Studien kann der Survey durch den Einsatz unterschiedlicher Befragungsmethoden standhalten. Selektionseffekte sind aufgrund der Nicht-Berücksichtigung bestimmter Bevölkerungsgruppen sowie aufgrund von Non-response-Effekten möglich.
Substanzkonsum und substanzbezogene Störungen in Deutschland im Jahr 2012
Authors: Pabst Alexander , Kraus Ludwig , Matos Elena Gomes de , Piontek Daniela
Published: December 2013

Ziel: Untersucht wurden Umfang, Konsummuster und Störungen im Zusammenhang mit dem Gebrauch von Alkohol, Tabak, illegalen Drogen und Medikamenten. Methodik: Die Stichprobe des Epidemiologischen Suchtsurveys (ESA) 2012 wurde zufällig aus den Einwohnermelderegistern gezogen und umfasste 9084 Personen im Alter zwischen 18 und 64 Jahren. Die Befragung erfolgte schriftlich, telefonisch bzw. über das Internet; die Antwortrate lag bei 53.6 %. Ergebnisse: Bezogen auf die letzten 30 Tage zeigten 57.3 % der Befragten einen risikoarmen und 14.2 % einen riskanten Alkoholkonsum. Insgesamt 30.2 % gaben an, in diesem Zeitraum geraucht zu haben. In den letzten 12 Monaten haben 4.5 % der Befragten Cannabis, 0.8 % Kokain und 0.7 % Amphetamine konsumiert. Schmerzmittel waren die am häufigsten eingenommenen Medikamente (12-Monats-Prävalenz: 61.9 %). Schätzungen zur Substanzabhängigkeit nach DSM-IV ergaben Prävalenzwerte von 3.4 % für Alkohol, 10.8 % für Tabak, 0.5 % für Cannabis, 0.2 % für Kokain, 0.1 % für Amphetamine und 3.4 % für Schmerzmittel. Schlussfolgerungen: Die hohe Verbreitung psychischer Störungen durch Alkohol und Tabak macht die Dringlichkeit der Umsetzung effizienter Präventionsmaßnahmen deutlich. Störungen im Zusammenhang mit Medikamenten sollten stärker beachtet werden.
Problembewusstsein und Inanspruchnahme von Hilfe bei substanzbezogenen Problemen
Authors: Matos Elena Gomes de , Kraus Ludwig , Pabst Alexander , Piontek Daniela
Published: December 2013

Ziel: Es wurden 12-Monats-Prävalenzen geschätzt bezüglich a) der Wahrnehmung substanzbezogener Probleme, b) der Inanspruchnahme verschiedener Hilfsangebote und c) der Inanspruchnahme professioneller Hilfe. Faktoren, die mit der Inanspruchnahme von Hilfe assoziiert sind, wurden analysiert. Methodik: Die Auswertung basiert auf Daten des Epidemiologischen Suchtsurveys (ESA) 2012 (n = 9084; 18 – 64 Jahre; Ausschöpfungsrate 53.6 %). Missbrauch und Abhängigkeit nach DSM-IV wurden anhand des M-CIDI erfasst. Prädiktoren der Hilfesuche wurden regressionsanalytisch getestet. Ergebnisse: Zwischen 6 % (Alkohol) und 19 % (illegale Drogen) der Konsumenten berichteten substanzbezogene Probleme. Von diesen nahmen 14 % (Alkohol), 33 % (Illegale Drogen) bzw. 59 % (Medikamente) Hilfe in Anspruch. Mit Ausnahme des Einkommens bei Alkoholkonsumenten waren soziodemografische Variablen nicht mit der Inanspruchnahme von Hilfe assoziiert. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Studie zeigt eine Unterversorgung von Personen mit substanzbezogenen Problemen. Das Hilfesuchverhalten scheint hauptsächlich durch die Schwere der substanzbezogenen Störung beeinflusst zu sein.
Morphological Changes in the Brain of Acutely Ill and Weight-Recovered Patients with Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Seitz Jochen , Bühren Katharina , von Polier Georg G. , Heussen Nicole , Herpertz-Dahlmann Beate , Konrad Kerstin
Published: December 2013

Objective: Acute anorexia nervosa (AN) leads to reduced gray (GM) and white matter (WM) volume in the brain, which however improves again upon restoration of weight. Yet little is known about the extent and clinical correlates of these brain changes, nor do we know much about the time-course and completeness of their recovery. Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis and a qualitative review of all magnetic resonance imaging studies involving volume analyses of the brain in both acute and recovered AN. Results: We identified structural neuroimaging studies with a total of 214 acute AN patients and 177 weight-recovered AN patients. In acute AN, GM was reduced by 5.6% and WM by 3.8% compared to healthy controls (HC). Short-term weight recovery 2–5 months after admission resulted in restitution of about half of the GM aberrations and almost full WM recovery. After 2–8 years of remission GM and WM were nearly normalized, and differences to HC (GM: –1.0%, WM: –0.7%) were no longer significant, although small residual changes could not be ruled out. In the qualitative review some studies found GM volume loss to be associated with cognitive deficits and clinical prognosis. Conclusions: GM and WM were strongly reduced in acute AN. The completeness of brain volume rehabilitation remained equivocal.
Behandelt zu Hause Gesund werden
Authors: Boege Isabel , Copus Nicole , Schepker Renate
Published: December 2013

Fragestellung: Evaluation zweier Behandlungsformen für psychisch erkrankte Kinder und Jugendliche mit Indikation zur stationären Behandlung: (1) verkürzter stationärer Aufenthalt mit sich anschließender Hometreatmentbehandlung verzahnt mit Klinikelementen aus dem stationären Spektrum (BeZuHG = Behandelt zu Hause gesund werden) (2) stationäre Regelbehandlung (TAU). Methodik: 100 konsekutiv stationär aufgenommene Kinder und Jugendliche wurden in die Studie eingeschlossen und in die Interventionsgruppe (BeZuHG) oder die Kontrollgruppe (stationäre Behandlung) randomisiert. Soziodemographische Daten, ICD-10 und DSM-IV Diagnose, Fragebögen zum psychosozialen Funktionsniveau, Schwere der Symptomatik und Ausmaß der Beeinträchtigung vor und nach der Behandlung wurden erhoben und in Bezug auf Machbarkeit, Outcome, Kontaktfrequenz und Akzeptanz der Familien für beide Behandlungsformen evaluiert. Ergebnisse: Patienten der BeZuHG-Behandlung zeigten gleich gute Behandlungs-Ergebnisse wie stationär behandelte Patienten bei gleichzeitig signifikanter Reduktion der stationären Verweildauer in der BeZuHG-Gruppe. Eine Akzeptanz des BeZuHG-Settings war von den Familien gegeben, eine bessere Einbindung der Eltern in die Behandlung war möglich. Schlussfolgerungen: Sektorenübergreifende Konzepte sollten regelhaft in das Spektrum kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischer Behandlungen integriert werden. Weitere Evaluation ist erforderlich, die Stabilität des Behandlungsergebnisses muss in einem 1-Jahres-Follow-up überprüft werden.
Body Image Disturbance in Children and Adolescents with Eating Disorders
Authors: Legenbauer Tanja , Thiemann Pia , Vocks Silja
Published: December 2013

Body image is multifaceted and incorporates perceptual, affective, and cognitive components as well as behavioral features. Only few studies have examined the character of body-image disturbance in children/adolescents with eating disorders. It is unknown whether body-image disturbances in children/adolescent with eating disturbances are comparable to those of adult patients with eating disorders. Body-image disturbance might differ quantitatively and qualitatively according to the cognitive developmental status and the age of the individual. This paper provides an overview of the current evidence for body-image disturbance in children/adolescents with eating disorders, and how they compare with those adults with eating disorders. Current evidence indicates that older adolescent patients show similar deficits as adult patients with eating disorders, in particular for the attitudinal body-image component. However, evidence for a perceptual body-image disturbance in adolescent patients, in particular anorexia nervosa, is not conclusive. Reliable statements for childhood can hardly be made because clinical studies are not available. Investigations of body-image disturbance in children have focused on the predictive value for eating disorders. Limitations of the current evidence are discussed, and future directions for research and therapy are indicated.