bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficiency of Vortex Tubes in spot cooling
Authors: UdayaKumar R , Solanki Pankaj
Published: August 2019

Spot Cooling is used in various industries for instant cooling of various gadgets, which are subjected to high temperatures due to ongoing operations. Due to the versatility of this design, with no moving parts, it is mobile, easy to use, and highly efficient when compared to other cooling mechanisms. The design was made on an Autodesk platform (Fusion360), and then transferred to a “Flow Analysis software” (Autodesk Flow Design) to analyze the temperature difference. Each part of the original design was altered; parameters were changed and given different materials in order to find an optimum result. The design is based on the principles listed by the scientists Ranque-HilscH. With the parameters entered, the net temperature difference was calculated along with the COP with regard to 5 bar of compressed air. Hence, the main objective of this design project is to be able to generate a product of increased mobility, economical production, value for money, and lower output temperatures than the existing products in this line of work. In this study, the materials used are of high stability in order to withstand the output temperatures.
Small Superimposed Radial Oscillations of an Arterial Tissue: Before and After Angioplasty
Authors: Arya Kriti , Kumar Deepak , Sarangi Somnath
Published: August 2019

Atherosclerosis is a major topic in cardiovascular disease, wherein the arterial wall thickens and subsequent hardening is observed. Lumen size is reduced during this and thus the flow of blood is adversely affected. Angioplasty is a mechanical procedure to widen blocked arterial tissue. Expansion of the arterial wall during angioplasty causes some micro-damage and is the reason for a successful angioplasty. The proposed work shed some light in the context of angioplasty, by mimicking the arterial tissue as an incompressible, isotropic, and homogeneous damaged Demiray cylindrical material tube. It is noted that the in vivo oscillations of the arterial tissue is under the physiological loading domain. The effect of damage on the small superimposed radial oscillations of the Demiray tube is explored. The obtained results for the Demiray tube are interpreted with the clinical data of the existing literature. It is quantified that both the pressure and frequency ratio for the virgin and damaged arterial tissue, respectively, are more before angioplasty and vice-versa.
Numerical investigation on wave transmission characteristics of perforated and non-perforated pile breakwater
Authors: Rao Naveen , Suryanarayana Barimar Rao Pradeep , Nayak Kaushik , Kishor Pal Shashank , Hunasanahally Sathyanarayana Arunakumar , Suvarna Praveen , Umesh Pruthviraj
Published: August 2019

Dock operations, harbouring and many other port activities demand tranquil water condition. This makes breakwater structures more than essential in coastal engineering applications. For zero wave action, rubble mound or vertical wall breakwaters are used, and for small docks and shores, piles can be used as efficient breakwaters. The permeability of pile breakwaters also aides in keeping the shores clean as there is water circulation and keeps the interferences caused due to littoral drift to the minimum. Numerical study on the single row pile breakwater is carried out using an open source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software REEF3D. Interaction of waves with non-porous pile breakwater is simulated in a three-dimensional numerical wave tank using REEF3D and resulted transmission coefficient is validated using the physical model studies as reported by Subba Rao et al. (1999). Further, the efficiency of porous piles over non-porous piles is studied by simulating wave conditions by varying wave height, wave period, water depth and percentage porosity of the piles. It has been observed from the present study that porous piles are more efficient in wave attenuation compared to non-porous piles. The reason is that perforations increase turbulence during wave interaction which results in a better wave attenuation.
Design and testing of autonomous irrigation controllers in commercial green houses to control the water consumption
Authors: Subin M.C. , Karthikeyan Ram , Periasamy C. , Udayakumar R.
Published: August 2019

Water management is one of the major challenges while developing sustainable commercial greenhouses. Water is one of the most important resources for crop growth phase along with the nutrition on time. Since current global climatic conditions are not stable, the importance of commercial greenhouses is necessary to meet the pure fruit and vegetable requirements. Underdeveloped irrigation plans are normally leading to water stress, which may result in the decrease in yield and high operations cost to cope up the demand. Maintaining adequate soil water levels is mandatory for all the proper water growth. Automatic irrigation control system can drive an important role in water conservation and at the same time to serve the crop requirement on right time. Atomized irrigation control systems with a well-defined field devise equipped with sensors can maximize the effectiveness of the irrigation water management technology. An experimental setup of the automatic control system has been developed with the help of direct digital control(DDC) technology, and the same has been tested in cucumber greenhouse. This prototype has been developed with the help of a synchronization controller and a communication device to interact with the main climatic control system. A unique converter was developed and tested in cucumber greenhouses. Two algorithms for water control, i.e., a variable frequency drive based (VFD module) on-demand method and a required water calculation method, were programmed. The irrigation controller showed the ability to measure soil demands in real-time and to elicit irrigation at a customary value properly. The system performance for upholding soil rigidities based on this automatic controller was strongly affected by sunlight, whereas the water calculation method is providing a meek irrigation process deprived of recurrent irrigation.
Experimental Investigation and Simulation of Convective Heat Transfer in a Solar Still
Authors: Wadekar Taqdees , Kumar Dr K , Gulyani Dr B B
Published: August 2019

This paper mainly focuses on the design of a water distillation solar still that can purify and desalinate water from any source in an affordable, portable and sustainable manner. It attempts to efficiently produce clear water by solar energy conversion. Since, low productivity is of the limitation of the usage of such stills, this paper makes an attempt to evaluate the heat transfer coefficient of single slope basin type solar still by Simulation Analysis and checking the optimum conditions. A design prototype was constructed by studying the optimized configurations from various researchers. After carrying on the experiments, the effect of various parameters was evaluated. The parameters identified include temperatures, properties of inlet water, wind velocity and relative humidity. Simulation results were then compared to the experimental results at the obtained optimum conditions.
Numerical Modelling of Flow Boiling in Expanding Microchannel with Non-Uniform Heat Flux
Authors: Kumar Alugoju Uday , Manmode Rutuja , Dubey Satish K. , Javed Arshad
Published: August 2019

Thermal management of high-power density electronic chips is vital for their safe operation and reliable performance. For efficient heat dissipation from electronic chip, liquid microchannel heat sink is preferred and is an effective option amongst the various available cooling technologies. In the recent past, flow boiling in microchannel has received considerable attention as an effective option for thermal management of high-power electronic devices. Flow boiling involves phase change and dissipates high heat fluxes for lower mass flow rate, when compared with single-phase flow. The commercial application of flow boiling microchannel for electronic cooling is hindered because of limited understanding of nonuniform wall temperature distribution, flow instabilities and flow reversal. In the recent past, more focus has been on numerical modelling and simulation of flow boiling in microchannel. In this work, numerical simulation of a 2D expanding microchannel heat sink with nonuniform heat flux has been considered and the simulations have been performed using ANSYS Fluent. Phase change heat transfer simulation has been performed using volume of fluid (VOF) model together with interfacial mass and energy transfer. The performance of expanding channel is then compared with the straight channel with similar heat flux distribution and the results are presented.
Is sustainability of light-harvesting and waveguiding systems a quantum phenomenon?
Authors: Zloshchastiev Konstantin G.
Published: August 2019

It is shown that sustainability is a universal quantum-statistical phenomenon, which occurs during propagation of electromagnetic waves inside different dissipative media, such as waveguides, metamaterials or biological tissues. For illustrative purposes, we show a simple yet instructive example of environment-assisted excitonic energy transfer in photobiological complexes, such as photosynthetic reaction centers or centers of melanogenesis inside living organisms or organelles. We demonstrate that this transfer must be both quantum and sustainable to simultaneously endure continuous energy transfer and keep their internal structure from destruction or critical instability. Besides, the environment-assisted evolution of a sustainable type significantly lowers the entropy and improves the speed and capacity of energy transfer. As another example, we demonstrate how this phenomenon of sustainability can manifest itself in a large class of human-controlled electromagnetic systems, such as optical couplers and amplifiers.
Experimental Comparative Study on Reduction in the Moisture Content of Cucumber in a Double Slope Solar Dryer with Open Sun Drying Method
Authors: Kumar Natarajan Sendhil , Sankaranarayanasamy K. , Ponnusamy Sindhuja , Kavya Chowdary Velaga , Kumar Jitender , Rahul Darshanam , Agarwal Sandeep , Elavarasan E
Published: August 2019

In this paper, a double slope natural convection based solar dryer was constructed at the terrace of the science block, NIT Puducherry, Karaikal. The reduction in the moisture content of the samples in the double slope natural convection based solar dryer was experimentally investigated for Karaikal climatic conditions (Karaikal, U.T of Puducherry, India; 10° 55’ N, 79° 52’ E). In order to investigate the green vegetable, cucumber was considered for this purpose. To compare the effect of double slope solar dryer on drying vegetables products, the same green vegetable, cucumber was also dried adjacent to the system by open sun drying process. Experiments were carried out from 10.30 am to 5.30 pm on 24th February 2018 to measure the dryer air temperature, surface temperatures, and the percentages of the wet basis moisture content are measured at regular intervals of every one hour. In the experiments, it was found that the developed double slope solar dryer removed the maximum wet basis moisture content of 93.93% from the cucumber sample and based on open sun drying method, 88.03% the wet basis moisture content is only removed. Also, at the end of the experiments (5.30 pm), the weight reduction achieved in open sun drying (75 grams) was achieved in the solar dryer by three and half hours prior to that. Thus, the rate of drying in solar dryer is more compare to the open sun drying. Thus, the developed solar dryer system can be effectively used for the purpose of drying the vegetable products.
On the Similarity of Area Targets and Shells Targets in Heat Exchanger Networks
Authors: Gulyani Bharat B , Pandya Nishant
Published: August 2019

The synthesis of heat exchanger networks (HEN) is an important field in process systems engineering, and considerable research efforts have been directed towards this goal in the past four decades. Many methodologies have been proposed to optimize the energy consumption in the process industries, with objectives of minimum utility consumption, minimum heat exchanger area, minimum number of heat exchange equipment, and minimum overall annualized cost. The strength of the Pinch Technology, the heuristics-based design and optimization method for HEN, lies in setting targets before the design. These targets, viz., area targets, units targets, shells targets, and total cost targets, are later used in arriving at optimal HEN. In the present paper, a new methodology has been presented which demonstrates the similarity of area targets and shells targets in an HEN employing multipass heat exchangers. Since area targets are inaccurate and fraught with uncertainties, it is pertinent to replace them with shells targets. Based on this, a design heuristics has been proposed for achieving optimal HEN.
Effects of using alcohols on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine
Authors: Deshmukh Sandip , Sai Ram G , Abhishek G
Published: August 2019

Addition of renewable alcohols to diesel is being investigated extensively to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The objective of this study was to examine the suitability of such renewable alcohols. In this study, emissions and performance characteristics of alcohol/diesel blends were evaluated for a four stroke single cylinder diesel engine test rig. n-octanol and n-butanol were the alcohols considered. Experiments were conducted at different loads up to 4 kW and for alcohol contents from 10% to 40% by volume. The results indicated that the alcohol/diesel blends exhibited similar performance characteristics to that possessed by diesel. A slight drop in brake power was observed in all the blends compared to pure diesel. The brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption increased in all alcohol blends at almost all the loads considered in the study. The emission analysis was also conducted using the AVL DI Test. The results revealed that CO and NO emissions decreased compared to pure diesel. However, HC emissions increased for n-butanol blends but they decreased in case of n-octanol blends. Results are a clear indication that these blends have an excellent potential and detailed investigations in real life conditions can lead to commercial usage.
Investigation of Various Parameters of Dual Fuel Engine Using Biomass Waste – Producer Gas as an Induced Fuel
Authors: Singh Harmanpreet , Kumar Mohapatra Saroj , Singh Kaler Mandeep
Published: August 2019

Due to various shortcomings of the transmission of electricity in rural areas, the concept of rural electrification is gaining popularity these days. Many small-scale biomass-based gasifier-engine systems are installed in the villages in order to provide an uninterrupted and cheap supply of electricity for various kinds of everyday requirements. In the present work, an optimized downdraft biomass gasifier is used to produce the producer gas from three different biomass materials viz. Sugarcane bagasse, cotton stalks and wood chips. These biomass materials are used in two different combinations viz. 1:1 ratio of sugarcane bagasse & wood chips; 1:1 ratio of cotton stalks and wood chips. The composition of gas produced from both the samples shows that the cotton stalks and wood chips generate a gas with higher calorific value as compared to the one produced using sugarcane bagasse and wood chips. These gases are used to run a dual fuel CI engine. The comparative investigation of various parameters, i.e. performance, emission and noise characteristics of a modified dual fuel engine is done, by running the engine on pilot fuel mode as well as on dual fuel mode using two different samples of producer gas. The maximum diesel replacement of ∼54% is observed with a ∼5% loss in brake thermal efficiency in the case when cotton stalks and wood chips are used as raw materials. The NOx emissions were reduced by ∼70% with a slight increase of ∼3 dB in the noise levels of the engine.
Numerical simulation of road tunnel fires involving heavy goods vehicle with solid fuels
Authors: Singh Tomar Mukesh , Khurana Shashank
Published: August 2019

The road tunnel fire is an emerging topic in literature and many key areas are still undiscovered. Road tunnel fires can be catastrophic and can result in a significant loss of human life and property. In literature various experimental and numerical studies are available on road tunnel fires. Most of these studies involved heavy goods vehicle with a combination of wooden/plastic pallets to represent fuel arrangement. The fire scenario of heavy goods vehicle with solid wooden/plastic fuel is not well studied. The burning behavior of pallets and solid blocks are different and hence the tunnel conditions would be different under fire in both these cases. This will result in a significant difference in key parameters such as heat release rates and temperature profiles inside the tunnel. To study these effects, full-scale fire tests are ideal and recommended, however, due to extremely high cost, downtime, and legal obligations it’s not always practical to conduct a full-scale fire test especially for road tunnels involving a heavy goods vehicle. In lieu of full-scale tests, numerical analyses are often used to understand these phenomena. This study focuses on studying the road tunnel fires involving heavy goods vehicle with solid fuels using CFD modelling in FDS (fire dynamic simulator). A pyrolysis model will be used to generate the anticipated heat in the tunnel. The kinetic properties of materials will be used in order to correctly calculate the pyrolysis rates of fuel. The findings of the heat release rate and lining temperature from the simulation will be compared with available results of heavy goods vehicle fires which involved pallets as fuel.
Investigation of road tunnel fires: challenges and findings
Authors: Singh Tomar Mukesh , Khurana Shashank
Published: August 2019

Numerical simulations have widely been used in the past to perform various complex engineering problems and phenomena. Most of the time the main objective of numerical modelling was to validate the outcome of experimental findings. However, it’s not always possible to replicate the exact conditions of experiments while doing a numerical simulation. There are various obstacles in modelling complex engineering problems such as the capability of a program, computational resources, time, understanding the real physics, modelling of components etc. This study will focus on the road tunnel fires with a heavy goods vehicle. A full-scale experiment of road tunnel fires is not always feasible because of very high cost and legal procedures. This motivates alternative techniques such as numerical modelling to study such phenomena. A numerical analysis of road tunnel fire involving heavy goods vehicle is undertaken in this study using FDS (Fire dynamic simulator) program. The study will discuss the challenges associated with the numerical modelling of road tunnel fires. A comprehensive summary of real problems encountered in such modelling, their possible causes, alternative ways, their impact of overall results and few solutions will be presented in this study. This paper reviews the similar work done by other researchers worldwide and provides a benchmarking.
Combustion, performance and emission characteristics of karanja blended biodiesel in CI engine: effect of CR
Authors: Nagesh S N
Published: August 2019

This research presents the Karanja biodiesel blends as fuel in a direct injection diesel engine. Combustion, performance and emission characteristics were carried out on a single cylinder with water cooled by four stroke diesel engine coupled with multigas analyzer. The suitability of biodiesel blends for combustion analysis were done by using fuel characterisation. Fuel properties such as density, calorific value kinematic viscosity, flash and fire points of the blends were evaluated according to ASTM standards. Based on fuel properties, Karanja biodiesel blends B20, B40 and B60 were selected for the study along with diesel fuel at different compression ratios 14, 16 and 18. From the observation, it shows that at 42% load, 1500rpm engine speed and CR-18, Karanja blended biodiesel B60 indicated shorter ignition delay, maximum cylinder pressure (Pmax), higher CHRR, higher BTE and reduced CO, HC emissions compared with the diesel fuel.
Performance and emissions of SI engine with additives
Authors: Vijay Venkatesh Sai , Udayakumar R
Published: August 2019

In the current economy with rising fuel prices and higher concerns being raised for the safety of the environment, it creates an opportunity to test additives available in the market to achieve lower emissions with an increase in performance. Fuels today provide either higher performance or lower emissions, this study aims in achieving both by combining two additives, namely ethanol and toluene. Ethanol is an additive which helps reduce emissions from a vehicle but reduces the overall performance of the vehicle. While toluene improves the performance of a vehicle tremendously, it has higher emissions when compared to ethanol. Hence, two samples were created to be tested against pure petrol and pure ethanol by combining these two additives with gasoline. Four samples were tested, which were pure petrol, 10% ethanol, 10% ethanol with 5% toluene and 20% ethanol with 5% toluene and were labelled sample A, B, C and D respectively. These four samples were tested against two performance parameters and four emission parameters. Results obtained in this study showed that sample C had the lowest emission and sample D had the highest performance.
Computational Study on Kinetics of Conversion of Bio-oil Model Compound – Anisole, to Platform Chemicals
Authors: Agrawal Kushagra , Kishore Nanda
Published: August 2019

With the rise in the need of clean and renewable energy source, lignocellulosic biomass has gained significant attention across the globe. The major reason for its use as a fuel is the compatibility of biomass derived bio-oil with the conventional energy infrastructure. But the derived bio-oil contains over 300-400 components, most of which are not viable to be used as fuel due to the presence of oxy groups which decrease the energy density of the fuel. Thus, the bio-oil needs to be deoxygenated in order to increase its calorific value. In this study, anisole is taken as a model component representing phenolic fraction of the bio-oil. First, a bond dissociation energy (BDE) calculation is performed on optimized anisole structure to understand the energy requirement of breakage of bonds present in it. Consequently, three different pathways are proposed to convert anisole to benzene, phenol and toluene. Since the reaction is occurring in aqueous phase, direct hydrogenation of anisole is also proposed in an additional pathway. The proposed pathways are studied under the density functional theory (DFT) framework using B3LYP functionals with 6-311+g(d,p) basis set in aqueous phase with SMD solvation model. Finally, the thermochemical parameters are calculated for 298 K to 698 K temperature range. It is observed that the anisole can be reduced to benzene with lowest energy requirement among the proposed pathways. In general, increase in temperature cause decrease in Gibb’s free energy change and enthalpy change of the reactions, thereby increasing reaction favourability.
Methodology development for the control of NOx emissions in Aerospace Industry
Authors: Gangisetty G , Ivchenko A.V. , Thomas Jayachandran A. V. , Sverbilov V.Y. , Matveev S.S. , Chechet I. V.
Published: August 2019

A large number of studies conducted in Russia and abroad have been devoted to the development of low NOx emission gas turbine engines for aircraft and power stations. However, the continual improvement of the environmental requirements of ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) forces new research to be carried out to meet the future goals of reduced emissions produced by gas turbine combustors (GTE), a better understanding of the process of formation of various pollutants is required. Both empirical and theoretical approaches will be studied in this present research work to provide the exhaust concentrations of NOx emissions. In recent years different methods are already developed for this problem, one of them is associated with a theoretical approach. It is well known that correct theoretical models are economical (help’s to avoid experimental work) and can be useful for deep examination of NOx emissions generated in the combustion chamber process. The main objective of this study is to predict NOx emissions in GTE based on the mathematical simulations and chemical kinetics approach.

To validate the simulation results, dispersion type optical system was developed in the laboratory. This system includes UV LED source (λ=245-280nm), single-pass absorption cell with length (L=500 mm) and spectrometer DFS-452 (spectral dispersion up to Δλ = 0.2nm/mm) equipped photo detector MORS-1 with a detection range Δλ=50nm. It allowed us to measure concentrations of some matters which absorbed light in the UVC range.
Experimental study of filtration behavior of diesel particulate filter in a diesel engine to meet BS-VI emission norms in INDIA
Authors: Nain Singh Gurkamal , Singh Bharj Rabinder
Published: August 2019

Due to upcoming Bharat Stage-VI emission norms, emission control has to become mandatory for every vehicle in India. Bharat Stage-VI are the stringent emission norms to be introduced by the Indian government for controlling the vehicle exhaust emissions. Diesel powered vehicles are more popular because of its high thermal efficiency, lower fuel consumption, and lower CO2 emission compared to the petrol engine. Although, diesel-powered vehicles produce more oxides of nitrogen and particulate matter. Diesel particulate filter (DPF) is the new technology to abate the particulate matter. In this paper, a DPF was installed into the exhaust of a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine. In order to investigate the filtration efficiency of DPF and its effect on fuel economy, indicated power and emission characteristics, experiments were conducted on a single cylinder diesel engine test rig. Results showed that after installing the DPF on the engine exhaust there was more than 90% reduction in particulate matter, while specific fuel consumption was increased by about 4% and indicated power was decreased by approximate 2KW.
Conversion of liquid combustible wastes in the filtration regime to syngas by partial oxidation
Authors: Zaichenko A.Yu. , Tsvetkov M.V. , Podlesniy D.N. , Salganskaya M.V. , Salgansky E.A.
Published: August 2019

A new method of combustion/conversion of liquid combustible wastes is proposed in the filtration mode when one of the reagents (liquid fuel or oxidizer gas) is supplied from the end of the reactor filled with a porous incombustible backfill (inert) and the other into the middle part. In this case, the inert, charged to the upper part of the reactor at room temperature, is heated in countercurrent combustion products. At discharging of inert from the lower part of the reactor (and the equal volume is simultaneously added to the upper part, so that the bed in the reactor is kept constant), the inert heated in the upper part enters the lower part, where it gives heat to the gaseous reagent supplied from below. This method can be carried out both with an excess of the oxidant with the combustion of combustible liquids to CO2 and H2O, and with a lack of oxidizer, when the conversion of the initial fuel to the synthesis of a gas predominantly containing CO and H2 takes place. On the example of a model fuel (isopropyl alcohol), the regularities of filtration combustion at different oxidant to fuel ratios have been experimentally studied.
Ab initio line-shape parameters for speed-dependent hard-collision profiles: applications to rovibrational lines of H2, D2, HD in He or H2
Authors: Thibault Franck , Wcisło Piotr
Published: August 2019

We review our recent studies on the spectral line shapes of H2, including its isotopologues, self-perturbed or perturbed by helium. Line shape parameters are derived following the generalized Hess method and making use of the close-coupling formalism.
Comparison of the fragmentations of phenanthrene and anthracene by low-energy electron impact
Authors: van der Burgt Peter J. M. , Dunne Melissa , Gradziel Marcin L.
Published: August 2019

We have measured sets of mass spectra for positive ions produced by low-energy electron impact on phenanthrene. Ions have been mass resolved using a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer, and the electron impact energy has been varied from 0 to 100 eV in steps of 0.5 eV. Ion yield curves of most of the fragment ions have been determined by fitting groups of adjacent peaks in the mass spectra with sequences of normalized Gaussians. The aim of this paper is to provide a detailed comparison of phenanthrene with its isomer anthracene, for which we have published results in a previous paper [1]. Appearance energies for a selection of fragment ions of phenanthrene have been determined, and are compared with anthracene. The most significant differences are observed in the ion yield curves of the ions containing 12 carbon atoms. The ion yield curves of phenanthrene have higher maximum yields and lower appearance energies compared to anthracene. For the fragments containing 9 and 10 carbon atoms the phenanthrene yields are slightly lower, but the appearance energies are the same as for anthracene. Small differences in yields are also observed for the fragments with 6 and 7 carbon atoms. The double and triple ionization energies of phenanthrene have been determined and are in agreement with anthracene.
Modeling of Lyman-α line polarization in fusion plasma due to anisotropic electron collisions
Authors: Goto M , Ramaiya N
Published: August 2019

We have derived a formula for calculating the polarization state of the Lyman-α line in plasma caused by anisotropy in the electron velocity distribution function. Calculation results under the condition of the magnetically confined fusion plasma show that the longitudinal alignment of 0.01 is caused by approximately 10%–20% difference in the electron temperature in the directions parallel and perpendicular to the magnetic field. It is also found that the polarization decreases with the increasing electron density, n
e, due to the collisional population averaging effect over the magnetic sublevels in the range of n
e > 1018 m−3 and is virtually extinguished at n
e = 1021 m−3.
Experimental study of the influence of the cathode in the characteristics of the cathode region
Authors: Gonzalez-Fernandez V. , Grützmacher K. , Pérez C. , de la Rosa M. I.
Published: August 2019

Doppler free two photon optogalvanic measurements of the Stark splitting of the 2S level of hydrogen are used to determine the local electric field strength (E-field) in the cathode fall region of a hollow cathode discharge operated in pure hydrogen. The aim of these measurements is to study how the cathode fall characteristic depends on cathode material (stainless steel and tungsten) and cathode diameter (10 and 15 mm). The measurements revealed that the cathode diameter has a minor influence whereas the cathode fall characteristics obtained for stainless steel cathodes are remarkably modified due to sputtering.
Time-resolved plasma spectroscopy of diatomic molecular cyanide
Authors: Helstern C M , Parigger C G
Published: August 2019

In this work, measurements of cyanide (CN) molecular spectra following laser-induced optical breakdown are communicated. The recorded time-resolved data are Abel inverted to determine the spatial distributions of the maximum CN signals and to evaluate molecular excitation temperatures. The experiments are conducted in a 1:1 CO2:N2 gas mixture contained in a cell kept at atmospheric pressure, and the micro-plasma is generated using 150 mJ, 6 ns Q-switched Nd:YAG laser radiation. The optical emissions from the micro-plasma are dispersed using a 0.64 m spectrometer and are recorded along the wavelength and slit dimensions using an intensified charge-coupled device.
Bound-to-bound and bound-to-continuum optical transitions in negative quasi-molecules
Authors: Devdariani A Z
Published: August 2019

Optical transitions between both discrete and continuum states are considered in the frame of the model of two delta potentials. The wave functions of the definite parity are utilized for both discrete and continuum states cases.
Determination of the Radiative Characteristics of Molecular Transitions in the band HgXe(A3O+) – HgXe(X1O+)
Authors: Devdariani A Z , Kryukov N A , Lednev M G , Zagrebin A L , Olevskaia V V
Published: August 2019

This study is aimed at the explanation of peculiarities in emission spectral profiles obtained by different authors for the excimer band HgXe(A30+) – HgXe(X10+). The calculations of the spectral profiles have been fulfilled for two limiting cases: for the high density and low density of buffer gas atoms. The results obtained lead to the conclusion that the discrepancies can be mainly caused by the recombination and relaxation processes determining the population ro-vibrational states of the HgXe(A30+) excimer. The inverse spectroscopic problem is considered.
Spectroscopy of Rydberg Atoms in a Black-body Radiation field: Ionisation Rates and Effective Lifetimes
Authors: Glushkov A V , Ternovsky V B , Kuznetsova A A , Romanenko E , Zaichko P A
Published: August 2019

The combined relativistic energy approach and relativistic many-body perturbation theory, with a zeroth order approximation density functional theory, are used to calculate the ionisation rates and effective lifetimes values for Rydberg atoms in a black-body radiation field. Calculations for the rubidium atom in Rydberg states with principal quantum number n > 26 are presented and compared with available theoretical and experimental data.
Parity non-conservation effect in heavy atomic systems within relativistic many-body perturbation theory: Advanced data
Authors: Khetselius O Yu , Ternovsky V B , Svinarenko A A , Dubrovskaya Yu V , Serga I N
Published: August 2019

Computing the parity non-conservation (PNC) effect parameters in a few heavy atomic systems has been performed and based on the combined relativistic nuclear mean-field theory and relativistic many-body perturbation theory (PT) formalism with accounting for the interelectron correlation and dominant QED corrections. Results of computing the PNC amplitudes and weak charges for different heavy atoms (caesium, thallium, ytterbium) are presented and compared with available data in the literature.
Doppler profile diagnostics on VUV spectra for the impurity ion temperature in edge plasmas of Large Helical Device
Authors: Oishi T , Morita S , Dai S Y , Kobayashi M , Kawamura G , Liu Y , Goto M
Published: August 2019

A space-resolved VUV spectroscopy using a 3 m normal incidence spectrometer is utilized to measure the impurity emission profile in the edge and divertor plasmas of the Large Helical Device in the wavelength range of 300 - 3200 Å. The ion temperatures derived from the Doppler profile fitting for the spectra of carbon CII 1335.71 × 2 Å, CIII 977.02 × 2 Å, and CIV 1548.20 × 2 Å are comparable to ionization potential for each charge state. The vertical profile of the ion temperature measured from CIV line has higher values in the edge observation chords compared to those in the central chords.
Non-CLTE spectral modeling approach for hydrogen pellet ablation cloud in the Large Helical Device
Authors: Seguineaud Guillaume , Motojima Gen , Narushima Yoshiro , Goto Motoshi
Published: August 2019

Spatially-resolved spectral measurement of a hydrogen pellet ablation cloud has been conducted in the Large Helical Device. Least square fittings of one of the obtained spectrum are inconsistent when the complete local thermodynamic equilibrium (CLTE) condition is supposed. A better agreement is found when a more general spectral model is used. The electron density of 1.4 × 1023 m−3 obtained is similar to that obtained in a previous study [M. Goto et al., Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 49, 1163 (2007)]. The electron temperature of 0.4 eV is however significantly lower than the value of 1 eV derived in the same previous study.
Modeling of line and continuum spectral emission of hydrogen for recombining plasma conditions
Authors: Sheeba R.R. , Koubiti M. , Marandet Y. , Qbaich T. , Rosato J. , Stamm R.
Published: August 2019

Balmer line and continuum spectral emission of hydrogen are modeled for detached divertor plasmas (electron density, ne
~1020-1021
m
−3 and electron temperature, Te
~1 eV) of Tokamaks. The Stark broadened high-n lines are calculated considering electronic broadening using the impact approximation. Continuum emission is calculated using analytical equations for radiative recombination and bremsstrahlung. Discrete to continuum transition is modeled using a dissolution factor approach.
Plasma spectroscopy of titanium monoxide for characterization of laser ablation
Authors: Van Woerkom T A , Perram G P , Parigger C G , Dolasinski B D , Phelps C D , Berry P A
Published: August 2019

Ablation of titanium wafers in air is accomplished with 60 µs pulsed, 2.94 µm laser radiation. Titanium monoxide spectra are measured in the wavelength range of 500 nm to 750 nm, and molecular signatures include bands of the C3 Δ → X3 Δ α, B3 Π → X3 Δ γ′, and A3 Φ → X3 Δ γ transitions. The spatially and temporally averaged spectra appear to be in qualitative agreement with previous temporally resolved studies that employed shorter wavelengths and shorter pulse durations than utilized in this work. The background signals in the current study are possibly due to particulate content in the plume. A chemical kinetic model of the plume is being developed that will be coupled to a diatomic emission model in order to extract a molecular temperature from the observed spectra.
Aluminium thin films depth profiling using LIBS
Authors: Zehra Syedah Sadaf , Nicolosi Piergiorgio , Costello John , Hayden Patrick
Published: August 2019

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is an analytical technique used to classify and potentially quantify elements in complex hosts (or matrices) [1,2]. In this study, silicon based aluminium thin films were developed to study the depth profile and ablation rate of the material. Five films with different thicknesses from 1mm to 1.5 micron were used. The experimental setup consisted of s single pulse system with a Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm, up to 450 mJ, pulse duration 6 ns) used to irradiate the samples, an optic fibre spectrometer was used to detect the spectrum. The results show low ablation rate with time integrated method.
Validity of the deconvolution method for multicomponent spectral lines
Authors: Zorina N , Revalde G , Skudra A
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we present a study of the validation of the deconvolution procedure for multicomponent overlapping spectral line profiles. The solution of the ill-posed inverse task was implemented using the Tikhonov regularization algorithm. For this study, both, theoretically modelled and experimentally measured 253.7 nm mercury spectral line profiles were used, emitted from high-frequency electrodeless lamps.
Analysis of Wavelength Modulation Spectra for Determination of OH Radical Concentration in an Atmospheric Pressure Laminar Premixed Flames
Authors: Nevrlý V , Bitala P , Klečka V , Vašinek M , Zelinger Z , Suchánek J , Dostál M , Válek V
Published: August 2019

This work is aimed at the application of wavelength modulation spectroscopy with the second harmonic detection for determination of OH radical concentration in laminar premixed flames of methane-air mixtures. Several hot water lines and two overtone OH transitions were identified in high-resolution absorption spectra measured in our experimental setup. Information on spectral line-shape parameters for selected OH transitions were extracted from the experimental data using relevant methods and approximations. An appropriate line-shape model was finally implemented into an automated least-square fitting procedure in order to quantify the local mole fraction of OH radical in an atmospheric pressure flames.
Analysis of the state grants’ impact on the economic sustainability and efficiency of agricultural production
Authors: Akimova E P , Oleynik A N
Published: August 2019

The estimation of the state support efficiency for agriculture in the Russian Federation is actively discussed in economic spheres. The grants received by farmers should be justified by an increase in the production and an increase in its profitability. It makes this research topic relevant. The article considers the degree of state grants influence on the stability of agricultural production and financial performance on the example of agricultural organizations of the Slavyansk region of Krasnodar Territory. The economic indicators of the agro industrial complex (AIC) of the region are considered. The main agricultural crops capacity, production and sales volumes, average prices for products, cost value and profitability of sales are analysed. The volume of grants received per hectare, the degree of costs compensation, the impact of grants on returns on investments and product profitability are considered using rice as an example. The analysis of the grants impact on the volume of net profit is given. It was proposed to determine the profitability of capital using the net profit reduced by the volume of grants in the calculations to improve the objectivity of the analysis and estimation of the efficiency of agricultural producers.
The substance and content of environmental supervisory activities in the Russian Federation
Authors: Safronov V V , Babaeva A A , Farafontova E L , Petrova G I , Schebliakov E S
Published: August 2019

This paper attempts to consider some aspects of the state institute for supervision in the field of environmental activities in Russia. The existing gaps and conflicts in the system for ensuring the proper implementation of environmental law are factors for the need for the state to apply the institutional and legal mechanisms, the analysis of which was presented in this study. One of the most important institutions of environmental protection is the environmental supervision. The existing legislation of the Russian Federation regulates the order and the system of executive authorities, as well as the legal status of environmental entities. However, in practical activities of the environmental legal relations entities, problems arise in the enforcement of environmental law. The article describes the main aspects of the formation, development and operation of environmental supervisory activities in the Russian Federation, presents the interpretation of the basic tools of the environmental protection supervision system in the Russian Federation, and also some problems of law enforcement in this area are identified, and possible solutions are suggested. The purpose of the study is to identify areas of improvement of state environmental protection as the most important tool for managing environmental quality and environmental safety in Russia.
Productivity and quality of onion products during the storage depending on mineral nutrition conditions
Authors: Selivanova Maria , Aysanov Timur , Romanenko Elena , Sosyura Elena , Esaulko Natalia , German Maria
Published: August 2019

Onions are eaten fresh throughout the year, so the safety of its products is an important task for production. The quality and safety of products in addition to hereditary characteristics of the variety, are affected by the growing conditions and storage technology, an important role is played by the conditions of the crop mineral nutrition. Studies were carried out in the zone of unstable humidification of the Stavropol Territory in 2016, the storage of products (2016-2017) was carried out in a storage with controlled temperature and ventilation. As a result of researches it is proved that the biggest effect on saving the crop was observed in the application of the estimated rate of the fertilizer N120P170K140 which allowed to reduce the general losses of production of onions in the course of storage in comparison with the control one by 6.5-8.7 %. The use of the calculated rate of fertilizers contributed to the production of the largest amount of dry matter, sugars and vitamin C in the production of onion, and the biochemical parameters of bulbs during storage for all types of the experience have changed.
Increasing economic efficiency of flour production from grain of the main cereal crops by extrusion method
Authors: Yanova M A , Oleynikova E N , Sharopatova A V , Olentsova J A
Published: August 2019

The paper deals with the issues of improving the economic efficiency of grain processing enterprises through the introduction of the developed technologies of extrusion and flour production from extruded grains of the main cereal crops. The comparison of the output norms in the processing of grain from the main cereal crops on the existing and developed technologies was carried out. The calculations of the flour production efficiency showed that the processing of wheat will increase the volume of marketable products by 10.0 %, barley – by 14.8 %, oat – by 22.3 %, in this regard, the profitability of production of new high-yield types of flour will increase: wheat by 15 %, barley – by 29.3 %, oat – by 45.6%. Crops have a higher economic effect in the production of extruded flour due to the low cost of raw materials and a decrease in technological waste.
Development of logistics infrastructure in Yenisey Siberia
Authors: Lukinykh Valeriy F , Pyzhikova Nataliya I , Shvalov Pavel G
Published: August 2019

Regional logistics system and its infrastructure acts as a factor of increasing the competitiveness of the region. The purpose of the “Yenisei Siberia” regional logistics infrastructure development is to promote the harmonious structuring of commodity and related flows of the three regions – Krasnoyarsk territory, the republics of Khakassia and Tuva. A prerequisite for the creation of an effective logistics infrastructure is a realistic scenario for the development of the economy for a long period or a system of scenario conditions that allow modeling its most likely trajectory. This is due to the fact that infrastructure projects have a long investment cycle. The article analyzes the level of development of the logistics infrastructure of small cities in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Republic of Khakassia and the Republic of Tyva. The relevance of infrastructure development as an integrated factor in socioeconomic development is explained.
Ecological engineering as an effective method of ensuring company ecological safety
Authors: Borisov A I , Pesterev A P , Vasilyeva A I , Gabyshev I N , Nektegyaev G G
Published: August 2019

The article aims to consider the concept of “environmental engineering” in the context of environmental activities in the Russian Federation. Authors of this article set as an example the work of the company OJSC Udmurtneft, which activity is connected with the development of such a segment as environmental engineering. As a result of the analysis, authors prove that to quickly prevent the negative impacts of industrial enterprises on the environment in this area, it is necessary to carry out permanent environmental controlling.