bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Faktor Resiko Diare pada Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Gading Kota Surabaya
Authors: Perwitasari Yulinda Ayu , Ningrum Astika Gita , Puspitasari Dwiyanti , Fatmaningrum Widati
Published: July 2024

Berbagai faktor dapat memengaruhi kemungkinan balita mengalami diare. Banyak penelitian yang menekankan peran faktor higiene, meliputi higiene makanan dan minuman, pengetahuan ibu, pemberian ASI eksklusif, dan praktik cuci tangan, terhadap prevalensi diare pada balita. Mengingat diare dapat menimbulkan Kejadian Tidak Diinginkan (KLB) yang signifikan, maka identifikasi akar penyebabnya sangat penting untuk mengurangi kejadiannya pada balita. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan diare pada balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Gading Kota Surabaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional analitik kuantitatif dengan rancangan cross-sectional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah ibu balita usia 0-59 bulan yang telah diperiksa dan tinggal di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Gading, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 125 orang yang dipilih secara konsekutif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan kuesioner yang berfokus pada variabel seperti pemberian ASI eksklusif, pengetahuan tentang diare, higiene sanitasi makanan dan minuman, serta praktik cuci tangan. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square. Di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Gading Kota Surabaya, sebanyak 52% balita pernah mengalami diare. Meskipun tidak ditemukan korelasi signifikan antara diare balita dan praktik mencuci tangan ibu (p=0,065), hubungan signifikan dicatat antara diare balita dan pemberian ASI eksklusif (p=0,005), pengetahuan ibu (p<0,001), serta kebersihan sanitasi makanan dan minuman (p=0,007).
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pemberian ASI Eksklusif pada Ibu Bekerja
Authors: Ulya Ni'matul , Prajayanti Hilda
Published: July 2024

ASI eksklusif merupakan bagian sangat penting dalam pemenuhan nutrisi bayi untuk mencapai pertumbuhan perkembangan optimal. ASI eksklusif kepada setiap bayi dapat mencegah terjadinya infeksi dan diare pada anak serta menghemat pengeluaran pada keluarga miskin. Terbukti bahwa ASI eksklusif mencegah penyakit seperti diare, pneumonia yang menyebabkan 40% dari kematian balita di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi pemberian ASI Eksklusif pada ibu bekerja. Metode penelitian observasional analitik dengan metode kuantitatif. Populasi seluruh ibu bekerja yang mempunyai dan menyusui bayinya usia 0-6 bulan. Jumlah sampel sebesar 63 responden. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner. Hasil uji statistik dengan chi square didapatkan faktor umur, pekerjaan dan pengetahuan mempunyai nilai ? value sebesar 0,016, 0,001 dan 0,024 < ? = 0,05 berarti ada hubungan yang signifikan, sedangkan faktor pendidikan dan paritas mempunyai nilai ? value sebesar 0,105 dan 0,751 > ? =0.05 maka tidak ada hubungan antara pendidikan dan paritas dengan pemberian ASI Eksklusif pada ibu bekerja. Kesimpulannya bahwa faktor yang mempengaruhi pemberian asi eksklusif pada ibu bekerja adalah umur, pekerjaan dan pengetahuan.
Efektivitas Edukasi Health Belief Model dalam Perubahan Pengetahuan dan Perilaku Pasien Tuberkulosis
Authors: Fitriyani Lia , Dwijayanti Fifi , Ruswandi Umar , Afriansyah Eddy , Purwadi Hendro
Published: July 2024

Indonesia menempati urutan kedua kejadian tuberkulosis setelah India dengan 1,06 juta kasus dan 134.000 kematian. Sekitar 15 orang meninggal karena TBC setiap jamnya.  Jumlah kasus tuberkulosis di Kota Depok pada tahun 2019 sebanyak 4.695 kasus, tahun 2020 sebanyak 3.311 kasus, tahun 2021 sebanyak 3.974 kasus dan tahun 2022 sebanyak 6.549 kasus.Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah diketahuinya efektifitas edukasi health belief model (HBM) dalam perubahan pengetahuan dan perilaku tuberculosis. Penelitian   ini   menggunakan   rancangan quasi eksperimen. Rancangan pendekatan kuasi eksperimen yang digunakan adalah one group pretest–posttest design. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kota Depok selama 2 bulan pada januari-februari 2024. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 60 pasien. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji wilcoxom. Hasil penelitian ini adalah penerapan    Health Belief Model efektif meningkatkan pengetahuan (p value = 0,000) dan perilaku (p value = 0,000) pasien tuberkulosis di Kota Depok. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pemberian edukasi dengan health belief model berpengaruh terhadap pengetahuan dan perilaku. Saran dalam penelitian ini adalah melakukan evaluasi secara berkala untuk mengukur efektivitas intervensi dan melakukan penyesuaian jika diperlukan.
Hubungan Karakteristik Pasien dengan Tingkat Kepatuhan Penggunaan Obat Antihipertensi pada Pasien Hipertensi di Puskesmas Gajahan Surakarta
Authors: Annisya Difa Suci , Ovikariani O , Murtisiwi Lusia
Published: July 2024

Hipertensi merupakan penyakit kronis dengan peningkatan tekanan pembuluh darah arteri yang tidak dapat disembuhkan sehingga membutuhkan terapi pengobatan dalam jangka waktu panjang, sehingga dengan terapi pengobatan yang panjang akan mempengaruhi kepatuhan minum obat. Hasil penelitian terdahulu didapatkan hasil yang menunjukkan bahwa kurang 50% pasien tidak patuh dalam mengkonsumsi obat. Hasil penelitian terdahulu menunjukkan adanya faktor karakteristik responden yang mempengaruhi kepatuhan seperti usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, status pekerjaan, penyakit penyerta, dan terapi pengobatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik responden, tingkat kepatuhan responden dan menganalisis hubungan antara karakteristik dengan tingkat kepatuhan responden di Puskesmas Gajahan Surakarta. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian cross sectional study dan menggunakan kuesioner MARS-5. Jumlah responden berjumlah 176 dipilih secara purposive sampling. Karakteristik responden berdasarkan usia yang paling tinggi 40-60 tahun, jenis kelamin perempuan, tingkat pendidikan yang paling banyak pendidikan rendah, status pekerjaan tidak bekerja, penyakit penyerta dengan penyakit penyerta dan terapi pengobatan yang banyak yaitu terapi pengobatan ? 2 obat. Tingkat kepatuhan responden terhadap pengobatan diperoleh tingkat kepatuhan tinggi sebanyak (51,1%) dan kepatuhan rendah (48,9%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara usia responden dengan tingkat kepatuhan dengan p-value 0,022<0,05.
Cobain, Hemingway, Sinatra and me
Authors: Krasilnikova Lydia
Published: July 2024

A postdoc explains how being medicated for bipolar changed her life and the way she conducts research.
Integrating international Chinese visualization teaching and vocational skills training: leveraging attention-connectionist temporal classification models
Authors: Yao Yuan , Dai Zhujun , Shahbaz Muhammad
Published: July 2024

The teaching of Chinese as a second language has become increasingly crucial for promoting cross-cultural exchange and mutual learning worldwide. However, traditional approaches to international Chinese language teaching have limitations that hinder their effectiveness, such as outdated teaching materials, lack of qualified instructors, and limited access to learning facilities. To overcome these challenges, it is imperative to develop intelligent and visually engaging methods for teaching international Chinese language learners. In this article, we propose leveraging speech recognition technology within artificial intelligence to create an oral assistance platform that provides visualized pinyin-formatted feedback to learners. Additionally, this system can identify accent errors and provide vocational skills training to improve learners’ communication abilities. To achieve this, we propose the Attention-Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) model, which utilizes a specific temporal convolutional neural network to capture the location information necessary for accurate speech recognition. Our experimental results demonstrate that this model outperforms similar approaches, with significant reductions in error rates for both validation and test sets, compared with the original Attention model, Claim, Evidence, Reasoning (CER) is reduced by 0.67%. Overall, our proposed approach has significant potential for enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of vocational skills training for international Chinese language learners.
Muestras literarias cubanas devenidas de temáticas caribeñas para la formación axiológico-cultural
Authors: Ramsay Paulette A. , Mendoza Barroso Erick
Published: July 2024

El contenido formativo en la educación cubana y jamaicana es contentivo de los componentes sistema de conocimientos, sistema de habilidades y los valores, todo ello encaminado a la consolidación de la plataforma axiológica tan necesaria en la formación integral de los niños, adolescentes y jóvenes. En esas direcciones, las esencias temáticas de este artículo refieren la efectividad de los análisis de muestras literarias cubanas, especialmente de la producción lírica pintoresquista y de vanguardia del Poeta Nacional Nicolás Guillén y del excelso narrador Alejo Carpentier, devenidas de temáticas caribeñas para la formación axiológico-cultural de los educandos. Las materias relacionadas con la cultura, tradiciones, sentimientos y esperanzas, en tanto los tópicos de perfil histórico relacionados con las revoluciones cubana y haitiana en manos de líderes cubanos y haitianos como crisol del Caribe, son presentados como reflejo del Caribe dado en gran tejido de culturas, principios y tradiciones que nos identifican como una sola nación.
Programa SONQO-CALCHAQUÍ 2022: Evaluación de variables cardiovasculares en una población Calchaquí de media y alta montaña de Tucumán
Authors: Galdeano Ricardo S.
Published: July 2024

Introducción: La comunidad de Quilmes (Tucumán) consta de 2400 habitantes de media y alta montaña (1800 a 4000 metros sobre el nivel del mar). En el año 2018 se realizó un estudio sobre su estado de salud cardiovascular (Programa SONQO-CALCHAQUÍ 2018). Objetivo: Actualizar y amplificar el relevamiento realizado en el año 2018, para obtener un panorama más completo de la salud cardiovascular de la comunidad. Material y métodos: Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo transversal en la comunidad Quilmes, en personas que asistieron voluntariamente a consultorios especialmente establecidos, en el mes de septiembre de 2022. Se realizaron cuestionarios, dosajes de laboratorio, ECG, ecocardiograma, determinaciones antropométricas, y pruebas de resistencia y fuerza muscular. Resultados: Concurrieron 186 pobladores (119 mujeres y 67 varones) con edad 45,0±1,3 años. La prevalencia referida de factores de riesgo cardiovascular (hipertensión 17,8 %, tabaquismo 14,1 %, diabetes 4,9 %, dislipidemia 30,6 %) fue aceptable, pero con alta proporción sin exámenes en el último año. La alimentación estaba constituida principalmente por derivados de harinas, con escasa fruta y verdura fresca. La prevalencia de sobrepeso (34,3 %) y obesidad (35,4 %) fue elevada. El 40 % de los encuestados tenía educación secundaria o superior. Se refirió buena calidad de vida (69,5±1,1 % del valor máximo posible de satisfacción en la escala de autopercepción). El Minimental Test arrojó un valor promedio de 15,7±0,2 puntos. La fuerza prensil en el 55,8 % de los casos estuvo por debajo del rango normal. Conclusiones: La población Quilmes presenta un estado físico aceptable, pero con alto índice de sobrepeso y obesidad, debido al régimen alimentario. Esta situación debería ser contemplada en los programas de salud futuros.
Válvulas de rápido implante versus válvulas tradicionales en reemplazo valvular aórtico en pacientes de riesgo intermedio
Authors: Fortunato Germán A. , D´Angelo Tomás , Busnelli Guido , Tamara Carlos A. , Sultano Nicolás , Theaux Jacinto , Espector Patricio , Valdecantos Florencia , Posatini Ricardo , Bianco Juan , Rossi Emilio , Kotowicz Vadim
Published: July 2024

Introducción: El reemplazo valvular aórtico (RVA) en pacientes con riesgo quirúrgico intermedio (RI) es el más desafiante al momento de decidir el tipo de prótesis a utilizar. Las válvulas de rápido implante (RD-V) serían una alternativa a considerar en este grupo específico. Objetivos: Comparar mortalidad temprana, complicaciones postoperatorias y parámetros hemodinámicos transvalvulares en el RVA con válvulas tradicionales vs. RD-V en pacientes de RI. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo y observacional de pacientes consecutivos de RI (STS-PROM% 4-8) intervenidos por RVA con prótesis tradicionales y RD-V en el período 2007-2023. Resultados: Se incluyeron 205 pacientes (140 con prótesis tradicionales vs. 65 con RD-V). El riesgo preoperatorio fue semejante en ambos grupos (STS-PROM 5,07% vs. 5,7%, p=0.211). El abordaje miniinvasivo fue más frecuente en RD-V (32,3% vs 0,7%, p<0,001). El tiempo de circulación extracorpórea y clampeo fue significativamente menor en RD-V (134,5′ vs.100′ y 104′ vs 73′ respectivamente, p<0,001). Hubo menor implante de marcapasos con las válvulas tradicionales (4,3% vs. 10,8%, p=0,075). No se observaron diferencias significativas en las complicaciones postoperatorias; hubo fuerte tendencia a menor mortalidad a los 30 días con RD-V (0% vs. 5,7% para válvulas tradicionales, p=0,057). El gradiente protésico medio postoperatorio fue significativamente menor para el grupo RD-V (7,90±3,3 mmHg vs. 12,74±6,07 mmHg, p<0,001). No hubo diferencias respecto a incidencia de trombosis valvular o endocarditis protésica. Conclusiones: Las válvulas de rápido implante presentaron menor mortalidad, menor tiempo de circulación extracorpórea/clampeo, mejor perfil hemodinámico y mayor facilidad de implante por abordaje miniinvasivo.
Valve-Sparing Aortic Root Replacement in Children and Adolescents: Experience and Outcomes in a Public Institution in Argentina
Authors: Sepúlveda Sandra , Torillas Juan , Martín Analía , Medina Juliana , Blando Julia , Moreno Guillermo , Mouratian Mariela , García Delucis Pablo , Salgado Gladys
Published: July 2024

Background: Valve-sparing aortic root replacement (VSARR) with reimplantation technique is indicated in patients with aortic root aneurysm. We evaluated the mid-term outcomes of this surgical technique in children and adolescents in our institution. Methods: Retrospective study. Twenty-one patients who underwent VSARR surgery were included between July 2006 and July 2022. The relationship between baseline variables and progression of aortic regurgitation (AR) was assessed. Results: The median age was 13 years. Seventeen patients had connective tissue disorders (3 with bicuspid aortic valve), 2 operated congenital heart disease, 1 isolated bicuspid aortic valve and 1 Turner syndrome. Thirteen patients had mild AR and 5 had moderate AR preoperatively. Three patients underwent early aortic replacement, 2 due to endocarditis and 1 due to severe acute AR. The median follow-up was 4.1 years. Of 17 patients at follow-up, 2 developed mild-moderate AR, 2 moderate AR and 3 severe AR. One of them underwent Bentall surgery. No association was found between the degree of preoperative AR or the presence of bicuspid aortic valve and the progression of postoperative AR. There was no association between the type of postoperative valve coaptation and the development of AR greater than mild at follow-up. Conclusions: VSARR with reimplantation is a feasible surgical technique with favorable mid-term outcomes and low reoperation rate in pediatric patients.
The Sinful Side of Taxation: Is it Possible to Satisfy the Government Hunger for Revenues While Promoting Economic Growth?
Authors: Alves José ,   ISEG-School of Economics and Management, Universidade de Lisboa
Published: July 2024

This study evaluates both linear and non-linear relationships between individual taxes’ revenues and real per capita growth. The analysis is carried out for all the OECD countries over the period 1980-2015, using panel data techniques to assess the short –and long– run effects of taxation on economic growth. With the exception of taxes on individual income, we fnd evidences of non-linear relationships between other sources of taxation and economic growth, which consequently supports the existence of the optimisation in GDP terms of threshold values between economic growth and tax components’ revenues. In summary, the results provide a certain degree of support regarding the application of a policy focused on raising certain taxes, expressed as a percentage of GDP, without harming economic growth.
Inequality of Opportunity in Spain: New Insights from New Data
Authors: Cabrera Leopoldo ,   Universidad de La Laguna, CEDESOG and ISTUR, Marrero Gustavo A. , Rodríguez Juan Gabriel , Salas-Rojo Pedro ,   Universidad de La Laguna, EQUALITAS and CEDESOG,   Universidad Complutense de Madrid, ICAE, EQUALITAS and CEDESOG,   Universidad Complutense de Madrid, ICAE and EQUALITAS
Published: July 2024

Modern theories of social justice consider Inequality of Opportunity (IO), the part of overall inequality explained by individual circumstances (factors beyond the individual control, like socioeconomic background), as the truly concept of unfair inequality. In addition, recent empirical studies have found that IO harms growth. Then, given the big increase in income inequality in Spain during the last decade (now one of the highest levels in the EU), how large is IO in Spain? By using a novel database from the Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (CIS) questionnaire on ‘Social inequality and social mobility in Spain’, we observe that the share of IO is 44% of overall inequality (Gini index). By circumstances, we find that about 90% of IO is due to parental education and occupation, the type of school attended, the gender of the household’s head and the size of the household. In addition, it is found that a large share of IO is channeled through the occupation and, especially, the level of education of the individual. These findings are consistent with the low levels of relative mobility in education and occupation observed in the database for Spain (2017).
Efficacy of Nano Urea on Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Irrigated Maize under Temperate Ecology
Authors: Gogoi Barenya , Kanth Raihana H , Bhat Tauseef Ahmad , Saxena Amal , Khan Inayat M. , Wani Fehim J. , Nazir Aijaz , Jan Bisma , Kounsar Hadiya , Jamsheed Bilkees , Dar Khursheed Ahmad , P T Jibinsha
Published: July 2024

A field experiment was conducted during the Kharif-2022 season at the Agronomy Research Field, FOA, SKUAST-Kashmir, to investigate the efficacy of nano-urea in improving nitrogen-use efficiency in irrigated maize. Ten treatments were evaluated viz., T1: Control, T2: Recommended dose of Nitrogen (RDN) as basal (prilled urea), T3: 75%  RDN + 1 spray nano-urea at 2 ml L-1 (60 DAS), T4: 75%  RDN + 1 spray at 4 ml L-1  (60 DAS), T5: 50%  RDN + 2 sprays at 2 ml L-1 (30 and 60 DAS), T6: 50%  RDN + 2 sprays at 4 ml L-1 (30 and 60 DAS), T7: 25%  RDN + 2 sprays at 6 ml  L-1  (30 and 60 DAS), T8: 25%  RDN + 2 sprays at 8 ml L-1  (30 and 60 DAS), T9: 25%  RDN + 1 spray at 6 ml L-1 (60 DAS), T10: 25%  RDN + 1 spray at 8 ml L-1  (60 DAS). The experiment was carried out following a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results revealed that treatment T6 (50% RDN as basal + 2 sprays at 30 and 60 DAS at 4 ml L-1  of nano-urea) exhibited superior performance compared to the recommended nitrogen dose (T2) and other treatments in enhancing nutri-ent-use efficiency. Notably, treatment T6 demonstrated the highest nitrogen uptake in grain (101.92 kg ha-1) as well as stover (67.41 kg ha-1), surpassing all other treatments. Additionally, agronomic efficiency was significantly higher in T8, while physiological efficiency peaked in T6. Yield attributes and overall yield showed consistent improvements in treatments receiving nano-urea. Furthermore, treatments utilizing nano-urea demonstrated higher net returns and benefit-cost ratios, with T6 particularly standing out. These findings underscore the potential of foliar application of nano-urea to halve the recommended dose of prilled urea, thereby enhancing nitrogen uptake, nutrient-use efficiency, yield, and economic returns, while promoting sustainability in agriculture.
Nigeria's Relations with the European Union: An Analysis of the Economic Partnership Agreement
Authors: Janet Oyedele Opeoluwa , Chiebuka Amaziroh Queendaline , Reuel Konyi Emmanuel , Dieunedort Tchomeni , Augustina Ogbu Nneamaka , Phiri John
Published: July 2024

The Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) between Nigeria and the European Union (EU) aims to enhance economic cooperation and trade liberalization. However, it has sparked significant debate due to its potential implications for Nigeria's economic development and sovereignty. This paper critically analyzes the EPA, focusing on the key issues, challenges, and implications for Nigeria. The core concern is whether the EPA's benefits, such as increased market access and development aid, outweigh the drawbacks, including potential revenue loss, unfair competition, and stringent EU standards that could disadvantage Nigerian industries. The analysis employs a qualitative approach, reviewing existing literature, policy documents, and expert opinions to assess the economic, social, and political impacts of the EPA on Nigeria. This includes a comparative analysis of similar agreements between the EU and other African countries to draw relevant parallels and insights. The findings reveal that while the EPA offers opportunities for market access and development aid, it also poses significant risks to Nigeria's economic stability and sovereignty. The paper concludes that Nigeria must carefully weigh these factors, considering its economic priorities and readiness to meet the agreement's requirements. Future relations between the EU and Nigeria will depend on managing these challenges and opportunities, ensuring the partnership promotes mutual growth without compromising Nigeria's autonomy.
Relevance of Natural Farming in Present Scenario of Bihar, India: A Review
Authors: Kumari Mamta
Published: July 2024

Agriculture is holistic approach of science. It is convergence of field crops, horticultural crops, forestry, animal science, poultry, microbiology, soil science etc. If we pick one subject it will be injustice to the science of cultivation. The Father of modern-day natural farming is Masanobu Fukuoka. This is also known as Fukuoka Method. Do-nothing farming or Natural way of farming is an ecological farming approach established by Masanobu Fukuoka (1913-2008). Natural farming, also known as ‘Prakritic Kheti’ is a climate resilient tool that can save humans and Agro-ecological system, Asha Rani et al. [1] advocated the natural farming in India. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sabour Bhagalpur, Bihar has started natural farming practices from 2018. We have organised awareness programme in 12 villages among 2000 farmers. KVK Sabour adopted a Village in Raipura, Goradih, where we have made a benchmark survey animal particularly Deshi cow. Bihar is an Agriculture based state. Focus of this survey was how many Deshi cow was existing their and what was the utility of cow dung and cow urine. Most of them are using cow-dung as fuel for making food and cow urine was drained out. We have organised off campus and on campus training programme for Raipura villagers, demonstrated the technology to make ‘Jivamrit, Bijamrit, Ghanjivamrit etc.’ The result of this awareness is that they have started the collection of cow urine and using cow dung to make ‘Ghanjivamrit, Jivamrit’ and different products. The purpose of this work was to conduct a simple survey and review the relevance of natural farming in the present day when the cattle number is in decline. Findings indicated natural farming to be impossible without desi cow, as every component is related to the species.
Green Packaging and Environmental Safety in Ghana’s Hospitality Industry: A Systematic Review
Authors: Milla-Amekor Emilia Etsa
Published: July 2024

This study seeks to review on green packaging practices on environmental safety in Ghana’s hospitality industry. The reviewed studies adopted a cross-sectional study design. A systematic review was carried out with the aid of online research journal websites as well as other in-context articles. While conducting this study, the key words in the search query were directed towards the impact of green practices on environmental safety in Ghana. Areas noted in relation to this study was use of green practices in hotels. Therefore, there was linkage of papers pointing out the impact of green practices on environmental safety. The results revealed that, hotels fared well in environmental health but badly in eco-labeling and certification. At 34%, hotels supported sustainability. Results affect MDGs, volunteering, and environment. Hierarchical multiple regression demonstrated that hotel size, class, national hotel trade association engagement, and manager remuneration increased environmental performance. No performance improvement from global chain link. Many Ghanaian hotels provide green enhancements. Most municipal hotels affect the environment. Sustainability demands hotel personnel green management training. Based on observations and interviews, they promote resilience in solid and liquid waste management, renewable energy development, green designs, energy efficiency, water conservation, and green environmental regulatory compliance.
Conclusion: The research shows that hotels are important to their communities' economies, but if we neglect their environmental impact, they may damage the ecosystem. There is a need for hotels that invest money into environmental audits or certification programs like eco-labels to get monetary recompense for their environmental efforts.
Climate Change and Soil Fertility: A Review of Strategies for a Sustainable Food Security in India
Authors: Kumari Niru , Kumar Mukul , Singh Ashutosh , Pandey Amit Kumar
Published: July 2024

The long-term food security of humanity on Earth will be significantly influenced by the effects of climate change soils and then the agricultural production. In addition to being vulnerable to climate change, agriculture also contributes significantly to it. The article explores how soil fertility processes and qualities are impacted by climate change on a worldwide scale and adaptation and mitigation options for a sustainable food security. Due to the intricate relationship between soils and the climate system through nutrient and hydrologic cycles, it is anticipated that changes in the global climate may have an effect on soil fertility through changes in the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the soil as a result of rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, and other factors.
Effect of Foliar Application of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) Leaf Extract and Potassium on Yield and Economics of Blackgarm
Authors: Laxmi Y. Vijaya , Reddy T. Prabhakar , Reddy K. Pavan Chandra , Mahadevappa S.G.
Published: July 2024

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi, 2023-24 at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Palem, to evaluate the effect of foliar application of moringa (moringa oleifera) leaf extract (MLE) and potassium on yield and economics of blackgarm. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with three replications. The results of this experiment revealed that application of 100% RDF + 20 kg MOP as basal + 8% MLE at 30 and 45 DAS recorded significantly higher no of pods per plant (25.23), seeds per pod (7.8), test weight (42.87 g) seed yield (1757 kg ha-1) and stover yield (2738 kg ha-1). In terms of economic analysis, this treatment also exhibited the highest gross returns (₹ 1,47,588 ha-1), net returns (₹ 93,119 ha-1) and BC ratio (2.71). Conversely, the control recorded the lowest no of pods per plant (11.13), seeds per pod (3.9) test weight (28.96 g) seed yield (572 kg ha-1), stover yield (1434 kg ha-1)., as well as lower gross returns (₹ 63,168 ha-1), net returns (₹ 13858 ha-1) and BC ratio (1.28). Based on these findings, it is recommended to adopt application of 100% RDF + 20 kg MOP as basal + 8% MLE at 30 and 45 DAS to achieve maximum yield and economic returns of blackgram. From this observation, it was revealed that 8% concentration of moringa leaf extract gives more seed yield than 4% concentration of moringa leaf extract. Basal application of potassium as MOP is more beneficial than foliar application of potassium as KNO3 in blackgram in terms of seed yield and cost of cultivation. The economic analysis revealed that combined foliar application of MLE and potassium (MOP) was cost effective for maximizing seed yield and income.
Effect of Different Levels of Macronutrients and Rhizobium on Soil Health and Yield Attributes of Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.)
Authors: Kharel Jayanti , Swaroop Narendra , Thomas Tarence , Vinay  , Thomas Ashima
Published: July 2024

The field experiment was carried out at the central research farm in the Department of Soil Science and Chemistry, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj during Rabi season 2023-24. The soil texture in the experimental region was sandy loam. The design was set up using randomized block design, with two levels of sulphur (50 and 100%), Rhizobium, and NPK (20:60:40) at different levels. The treatment T9 (@100% NPKS +@100% Rhizobium+ 100% Sulphur) gave the best results in terms of plant height, number of pods plant-1, and total Field Pea yield. It also showed a slight decrease in pH, bulk density, and particle density; however, there was a significant increase in pore space, water holding capacity, EC, organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as plant growth and yield attributes. There was no discernible difference in the growth and production of Field Pea under control. The use of Biofertilizer, as well as their blend with complete NPK and S, significantly increased the characteristics of growth and total yield attributes of Field Pea.
Evaluation of Pumpkin Cultivars against Cucumber Mosaic Virus Disease under Field Condition
Authors: Shobnur S. , Mishra R. , Rajkumari P. , Langthasa S. , Kalita M. K.
Published: July 2024

The family Cucurbitaceae includes pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.), one of the most significant vegetable crops cultivated both in India and overseas. Various biotic and abiotic factors affect pumpkin production, and one of the biggest threats to its cultivation is the cucumber mosaic virus disease. An experiment was conducted in the experimental field of the Department of Plant Pathology, Biswanath College of Agriculture, Assam Agricultural University, Assam during 2022–2023 with the aim of screening out various varieties of pumpkin and identifying the one that was most resistant to cucumber mosaic virus in view of the disease's significance. Out of eighteen pumpkin cultivars evaluated against cucumber mosaic virus disease, six were moderately susceptible, eleven were susceptible and one cultivar was observed to be highly resistant against the disease.
Effect of Different Sowing Dates and Establishment Methods on Growth, Yield and Economics of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)
Authors: Singh P.K. , Singh S.K. , Kumar Mukul
Published: July 2024

Adaption of Furrow Irrigated Raised Bed System (FIRBS) and date of seeding are one of the important input for crop production particularly for rabi crop. Early planting through raised bed of mustard can compensate the late planting at least 10-15 days. Under this circumstance the use of raised bed planter along with timely sowing of mustard can produce higher yield. An adaptive research trail was conducted during the rabi season of 2020-21 and 2021-22 at farmer’s field in Jamui district to study the effect of different sowing dates and establishment methods of mustard crop. The trail was conducted in a factorial randomized block design with two method of sowing and three dates of sowing. The growth characters like plant height, leaf area index, no. of primary branches plant-1, no. of secondary branch plant-1, no. of silique plant-1, no. of seeds silique-1 were recorded. Test weight, grain and straw yield was influenced significantly due to different sowing dates and sowing methods. Higher plant height at harvest stage (160 cm), leaf area index at 60 DAS (3.3), no. of primary branches plant-1 (4.0), no. of secondary branch plant-1 (7.8), no. of silique plant-1 (292.4), no. of seeds silique-1 (9.7), test weight (3.8), grain (10.1 q ha-1) and straw yield (22.4 q ha-1) were recorded when the crop was sown on 05th November during both years. Whereas the mustard crop sown on FIRBS recorded highest growth attributes, yield components and seed yield (12.5 q ha-1) as compared to conventional method. Highest benefit cost ratio was calculated with (FIRBS) Furrow Irrigated Raised Bed system (2.0) as compared to all other treatments.
Growth and Biomass Distribution in Cocoa Varieties under Different Nitrogen Regimes
Authors: H Nayana , Bhat Ravi , Bhavishya  , B N Maruthi Prasad , Apshara S Elain , Ramesh S V , Venkatesh J
Published: July 2024

Among the 17 vital plant nutrients, nitrogen (N) is crucial in crop production. It extensively enhances the growth and biomass production of plants by improving photosynthesis and protein synthesis. To study the impact of three different N levels (40, 80, and 120 ppm) on the growth and biomass production of eight cocoa varieties, a hydroponic experiment was carried out at ICAR-CPCRI, Regional Station, Vittal. The results showed that increasing N concentration significantly boosted growth and biomass production. Among the different varieties, VTLCH-1 exhibited the highest plant height, maximum number of leaves, greater stem diameter, and the highest total fresh biomass with the application of 120 ppm nitrogen. Biomass partitioning analysis revealed that higher N levels increased leaf and stem biomass while reducing root biomass, leading to a higher shoot-to-root ratio. This indicates that N application influences the biomass production and distribution in the plant.
Automated Patch Clamp Analysis of nAChα7 and NaV1.7 Channels
Authors: Obergrussberger Alison , Haarmann Claudia , Rinke Ilka , Becker Nadine , Guinot David , Brueggemann Andrea , Stoelzle‐Feix Sonja , George Michael , Fertig Niels
Published: June 2014

Automated patch clamp devices are now commonly used for studying ion channels. A useful modification of this approach is the replacement of the glass pipet with a thin planar glass layer with a small hole in the middle. Planar patch clamp devices, such as the three described in this unit, are overtaking glass pipets in popularity because they increase throughput, are easier to use, provide for the acquisition of high‐quality and information‐rich data, and allow for rapid perfusion and temperature control. Covered in this unit are two challenging targets in drug discovery: voltage‐gated sodium subtype 1.7 (NaV1.7) and nicotinic acetylcholine α7 receptors (nAChα7R). Provided herein are protocols for recording activation and inactivation kinetics of NaV1.7, and activation and allosteric modulation of nAChα7R. Curr. Protoc. Pharmacol. 65:11.13.1‐11.13.48. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Using PeptideAtlas, SRMAtlas, and PASSEL: Comprehensive Resources for Discovery and Targeted Proteomics
Authors: Kusebauch Ulrike , Deutsch Eric W. , Campbell David S. , Sun Zhi , Farrah Terry , Moritz Robert L.
Published: June 2014

PeptideAtlas, SRMAtlas, and PASSEL are Web‐accessible resources to support discovery and targeted proteomics research. PeptideAtlas is a multi‐species compendium of shotgun proteomic data provided by the scientific community; SRMAtlas is a resource of high‐quality, complete proteome SRM assays generated in a consistent manner for the targeted identification and quantification of proteins; and PASSEL is a repository that compiles and represents selected reaction monitoring data, all in an easy‐to‐use interface. The databases are generated from native mass spectrometry data files that are analyzed in a standardized manner including statistical validation of the results. Each resource offers search functionalities and can be queried by user‐defined constraints; the query results are provided in tables or are graphically displayed. PeptideAtlas, SRMAtlas, and PASSEL are publicly available freely via the Web site http://www.peptideatlas.org. In this protocol, we describe the use of these resources, we highlight how to submit, search, collate and download data. Curr. Protoc. Bioinform. 46:13.25.1‐13.25.28. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Floods, Climate Change, and Urban Resilience: One Policy Maker's Perspective
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: June 2014

When Hurricane Sandy battered the U.S. Atlantic Seaboard in October 2012, strong winds generated a storm surge that caused waters from the Hudson River to wash across Hoboken, N.J. Those waters flooded about 80% of the city, population 50,000, that lies across the river from Manhattan. The flooding caused more than $100 million in private property damage and more than $10 million in municipal property damage while impairing the region's transportation system.
Tracking the Indonesian Throughflow
Authors: Balcerak Ernie
Published: June 2014

The Indonesian Throughflow, the passage of water from the western Pacific into the southeastern Indian Ocean, provides the main path by which climate signals are transferred between the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The volume, heat, and freshwater content carried by the throughflow affect both oceans as well as the regional climate.
Coupled fluid and solid evolution in analogue volcanic vents
Authors: Solovitz Stephen A. , Ogden Darcy E. , Kim Dave (Dae‐Wook) , Kim Sang Young
Published: June 2014

Volcanic eruptions emit rock particulates and gases at high speed and pressure, which change the shape of the surrounding rock. Simplified analytical solutions, field studies, and numerical models suggest that this process plays an important role in the behavior and hazards associated with explosive volcanic eruptions. Here we present results from a newly developed laboratory‐scale apparatus designed to study this coupled process. The experiments used compressed air jets expanding into the laboratory through fabricated rock analogue material, which evolves through time during the experiment. The compressed air was injected at approximately 2.5 times atmospheric pressure. We fabricated rock analogues from sand and steel powder samples with a three‐dimensional printing process. We studied the fluid development using phase‐locked particle image velocimetry, while simultaneously observing the solid development via a video camera. We found that the fluid response was much more rapid than that of the solid, permitting a quasi‐steady approximation. In most cases, the solid vent flared out rapidly, increasing its diameter by 20 to 100%. After the initial expansion, the vent and flow field achieved a near‐steady condition for a long duration. The new expanded vent shapes permitted lower vent exit pressures and larger jet radii. In one experiment, after an initial vent shape development and establishment of steady flow behavior, rock failure occurred a second time, resulting in a new exit diameter and new steady state. This second failure was not precipitated by changes in the nozzle flow condition, and it radically changed the downstream flow dynamics. This experiment suggests that the brittle nature of volcanic host rock enables sudden vent expansion in the middle of an eruption without requiring a change in the conduit flow.
The seawater neodymium and lead isotope record of the final stages of Central American Seaway closure
Authors: Osborne Anne H. , Newkirk Derrick R. , Groeneveld Jeroen , Martin Ellen E. , Tiedemann Ralf , Frank Martin
Published: June 2014

The shoaling and final closure of the Central American Seaway (CAS) resulted in a major change of the global ocean circulation and has been suggested as an essential driver for strengthening of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). The exact timing of CAS closure is key to interpreting its importance. Here we present a reconstruction of deep and intermediate water Nd and Pb isotope compositions obtained from fossil fish teeth and the authigenic coatings of planktonic foraminifera in the eastern equatorial Pacific (Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1241) and the Caribbean (ODP Sites 998, 999, and 1000) covering the final stages of CAS closure between 5.6 and 2.2 Ma. The data for the Pacific site indicate no significant Atlantic/Caribbean influence over this entire period. The Caribbean sites show a continuous trend to less radiogenic Nd isotope compositions during the Pliocene, consistent with an enhancement of Upper North Atlantic Deep Water (UNADW) inflow and a strengthening of the AMOC. Superimposed onto this long‐term trend, shorter‐term changes of intermediate Caribbean Nd isotope signatures approached more UNADW‐like values during intervals when published reconstructions of seawater salinity suggested complete closure of the CAS. The data imply that significant deep water exchange with the Pacific essentially stopped by 7 Ma and that shallow exchange, which still occurred at least periodically until approximately 2.5 Ma, may have been linked to the strength of the AMOC but did not have any direct effect on the intermediate and deep Caribbean Nd isotope signatures through mixing with Pacific waters.
Coltiviruses
Authors: Guirakhoo Farshad , Guirakhoo Susanne M , Monath Thomas P
Published: June 2014

Coltivirus (‘Colti’ from Colorado tick fever (CTF)) (family
Reoviridae
) is a genus of viruses that consist of 12 segments of
double‐stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA)
. CTF is the most important tick‐borne human pathogen occurring in the mountain forest habitats at altitudes from 4000 to 10 000 ft in the Rocky Mountain region of the USA. Human infections are caused by the bite of Colorado tick fever virus (CTFV)‐infected adult ticks, mainly
Dermacentor
spp., with a 90% occurrence rate during the months of April to July. First described by Becker in 1930, at least 22 strains of CTFV are known, many of which cause disease in humans. The disease is easily confused with other infections, and is extensively underreported. The European Eyach virus, isolated in Germany and France, is the second species in the genus Coltivirus. Salmon River virus is considered a tentative species.

Key Concepts:

CTFV is the most important tick‐borne human pathogen in the USA, especially in the Rocky Mountain region.

Coltiviruses are considered ‘emerging infections’ owing to their high frequency in RNA segment reassortments, both in tissue cultures and in tick vectors.

Clinical features of CTFV infections in humans are consistent with pathological changes observed in animals.

There is no specific treatment for human coltivirus infections. Antiviral agents, ribavirin and 3‐deazauridine significantly inhibit the growth of CTFV
in vitro
and ribavirin administered to mice intraperitoneally protected them against intracerebral challenge with CTFV.

Coltivirus particles are nonenveloped, approximately 80 nm in diameter and consist of two capsid layers, with icosahedral symmetry, that appear smooth.

Each virion contains a full‐length copy of 12 segments of linear, double‐stranded, positive‐sense RNA.

Coltiviruses are sensitive to low pH and anionic detergents, such as sodium deoxycholate, both of which abolish virus infectivity.

Mycoreoviruses recently isolated from fungi may be used to reduce virulence of fungi as biocontrol agents.

Seadornaviruses may not be correctly classified within the genus Coltivirus mainly due to low amino acid similarity differences in their invertebrate vectors and their geographical distributions.

There is an evolutionary link between the 11‐segmented aquareoviruses and the 12‐segmented coltiviruses.
Plant Virus Movement
Authors: Tilsner Jens , Taliansky Michael E , Torrance Lesley
Published: June 2014

Plant virus movement is the process of the spread of virus genetic material from the initially infected cells to the rest of the plant. There are several distinct stages including intracellular movement from sites of virus replication to plasmodesmata (PD) (plant‐specific intercellular nanopores), cell‐to‐cell trafficking through PD and long‐distance movement between organs through the phloem (the specialized vascular system used by plants for the transport of assimilates and macromolecules). Transport is mediated by virus‐encoded ‘movement’ proteins. Several different types of movement proteins can be distinguished, which share properties such as nucleic acid binding, targeting and dilation of PD, and intercellular movement. These functions can be distributed amongst several movement proteins. Some movement proteins form a hollow tubule through PD which allows the passage of virus particles, but for the majority of viruses, the precise mechanism of transport through PD is still unknown.

Key Concepts:

Plant viruses need to overcome the barrier of the cell wall to spread from the initially infected cells to the rest of the plant.

Local cell‐to‐cell movement occurs through PD which are plant‐specific membrane‐lined nanopores that connect adjoining cells.

Long‐distance movement between plant organs occurs through the phloem, one of the two components of the plant's vasculature.

Viral cell‐to‐cell movement constitutes an extreme population bottleneck and needs to stay ahead of plant defence signals trafficking through the same channels.

Movement is mediated by one or several virus‐encoded movement proteins, which facilitate transport of virus genomes or virus particles between cells.

The transported form of the viral genome is usually either a virus particle that can be modified, or a nonvirion ribonucleoprotein complex containing RNA and movement proteins. Local and long‐distance movement forms can be different.

Two different movement mechanisms are observed: insertion of a MP‐comprised tubule into PD that forms a conduit for virus particles, or tubule‐less movement by an unknown mechanism.

Mechanisms contributing to PD dilation may include breakdown of the polysaccharide callose in the surrounding cell wall and severing of actin filaments.

Viruses use elements of the cell's cytoskeleton and/or endomembrane system to get from replication sites to PD, or replication and movement can be spatially linked at PD.

Nuclear host factors are required for long‐distance movement of some viruses.
On the tuning of predictive controllers: Impact of disturbances, constraints, and feedback structure
Authors: Omell Benjamin P. , Chmielewski Donald J.
Published: June 2014

The impact of problem formulation modifications on predictive controller tuning is investigated. First, the proposed tuning method is shown to adapt to disturbance characteristic changes and thus, takes full economic advantage of the scenario. The second topic concerns point‐wise‐in‐time constraints and the impact of constraint infeasibility. Specifically, we shift the tuning question from selection of nonintuitive weighting matrix parameters to that of a few key parameters and results in a rather intuitive trade‐off between expected profit and expected constraint violations. Finally, we show that simple modifications will allow for the consideration of various feedback structures, including computational delay and partial state information. The overall conclusions of the work are that the results of the automated algorithm will help build an intuitive understating of the dynamics of the process and ultimately result in a higher level trade‐off between profit and constraint observance. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 3473–3489, 2014
Copper‐catalyzed homo‐ and cross‐coupling reactions of terminal alkynes in ethyl lactate
Authors: Wan Jie‐Ping , Cao Shuo , Jing Yanfeng
Published: June 2014

The bio‐based chemical ethyl lactate (EL) has been discovered to be an excellent medium for the Glaser‐type homo‐ and cross‐coupling reactions of terminal alkynes. Good to excellent yields of conjugate diynes have been obtained under ligand‐free and mild heating conditions in the presence of CuI and molecular oxygen. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.