bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Updated Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of 25 Randomized Trials Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Treatments in Covid-19 Disease
Authors: Diallo Alhassane , Carlos-Bolumbu Miguel , Traoré Marie , Diallo Mamadou Hassimiou , Jedrecy Christophe
Published: February 2021

To date, there is no definite effective treatment for the COVID- 19 pandemic. We performed an update network meta-analysis to compare and rank COVID-19 treatments according to their efficacy and safety. Literature search was performed from MEDLINE and CENTRAL databases from inception to September 5, 2020. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) which compared the effect of any pharmacological drugs versus standard care or placebo 28-day after hospitalization in adult patients with COVID-19 disease were included. Risk ratio (RR) and 95% CI were calculated for 28-day all-cause mortality, clinical improvement, any adverse event (AEs), and viral clearance. A total of 25 RCTs, evaluating 17 different treatments, and 11,597 participants were analyzed. Remdesivir for 10- day compared to standard care (RR 0.69, 95% CI [0.48–0.99]), and a low dose compared to a high dose of HCQ (0.38, [0.17–0.89]) were associated with a lower risk of death. A total of 2,766 patients experienced clinical improvement, a 5-day course of remdesivir was associated with a higher frequency of clinical improvement compared to standard care (RR 1.21, 95% CI [1.00–1.47]). Compared to standard care, remdesivir for both 5 and 10 days, lopinavir/ritonavir, and dexamethasone reduced the risk of any severe AEs by 52% (0.48, 0.34–0.67), 24% (0.77, 0.63–0.92), 40% (0.60, 0.37–0.98), and 50% (0.50, 0.25–0.98) respectively. In this study of hospitalized patients with COVID-19, administration of remdesivir for 10-day compared to standard care was associated with lower 28-day all-cause mortality and serious AEs, and higher clinical improvement rate.
COVID-19 and university admission exams: A Bangladesh perspective
Authors: Aziz Shakila , Uzzal Kazi Md. Mohsin , Saqiba Aziz
Published: February 2021

Background: Educational institutions have been closed in Bangladesh due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and board exams like Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC) exams, as well as university admission exams have been suspended. Secondary school students have been promoted based on past performance. As the time has come for students to take admission into universities, educational authorities must make decisions about the logistical and public health arrangements that could allow universities to conduct admission exams.Design and methods: The public health and lockdown policies were analyzed during the timeframe of 25th March to 15th October. Time series models of the trend of COVID-19 were prepared for the near future using the ARIMA technique, for the lockdown phase and the post lockdown phase. This was evaluated in juxtaposition with the restrictions relating to travel, work, schools, public gatherings, face masks, etc. The models were then used to forecast positivity rates for two weeks into the future.Results: The curve was not bent during the strict lockdown phase, but the post lockdown phase eventually saw a decline in positivity rates. The best models selected were ARIMA(0,1,7) for the lockdown stage, and ARIMA(7,1,0) for the post lockdown stage. AIC, BIC, RMSE, MAE, and MAPE criteria were used for model selection.Conclusions: Many restrictions of the lockdown phase have been continued until the present time, and disease case positivity rates have declined. However, the resumption of work and domestic travel has not prevented the control of the spread of the disease. It may therefore be possible to conduct in-person admission test exams for universities, while maintaining social distancing, face masks and other public health measures.
Development of a mobile-based self-management health alarm program for obese children in South Korea and a test of its feasibility for metabolic outcomes: A study based on the information-motivation-behavioral skills model
Authors: Choi Jihea , Park Yon Chul , Choi Sarah
Published: February 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a mobile-based self-management health alarm (MSHA) program for modifying obese children's lifestyle based on the information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model and to test its feasibility. Methods: A methodological study for the development of the MSHA program and pilot study with a one-group pretest-posttest design for feasibility testing was conducted. The MSHA program was designed to provide obesity-related information (I), monitor daily diet and exercise, provide motivational text messages (M), and enhance healthy diet and exercise skills (B) via a mobile-based web platform. In the feasibility test, six obese children participated in the 4-week program, and the number of days per week that they achieved their goals and differences in metabolic components were assessed. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.Results: Participants successfully achieved their diet and exercise goals≥5 days per week. Body mass index (z=-1.99, p=.046), waist circumference (z=-2.20, p=.028), and triglyceride levels (z=-2.21, p=.027) significantly decreased.Conclusion: The MSHA program showed positive effects on health behaviors and metabolic syndrome risk. The program may be effective in improving metabolic syndrome in obese children by promoting self-health management behaviors.
South Korean nursing students' experiences of clinical practice in the newborn nursery and neonatal intensive care unit: A phenomenological study
Authors: Sim In Ok , Bae Ok Yeon , Kim Tae Hoon
Published: February 2021

Purpose: While clinical practice is crucial for nursing students to acquire the skills needed to provide professional, high-quality nursing care, further studies on improving undergraduate nursing programs are needed to provide a supportive clinical learning environment for student nurses. This study aimed to understand nursing students' clinical experiences in newborn nurseries and neonatal intensive care units and to provide basic data for the establishment of strategies to promote effective clinical education.Methods: Interviews were held with 15 nursing students at J University who had clinical practice experience in the newborn nursery and neonatal intensive care unit. The collected data were analyzed using the phenomenological analysis method developed by Colaizzi (1978).Results: The nursing students' experiences were grouped into four categories: “expectations for and anxiety about clinical practice", "acquisition of a wide range of knowledge regarding neonatal nursing", "challenges faced in clinical practice", and "experiencing interpersonal changes".Conclusion: The current neonatal practice nursing education system provides students with positive learning experiences. However, the lack of practice opportunities, insufficient instruction, and the theory-practice gap were identified as major issues hindering students' learning needs. These study results are expected to provide basic data for curriculum development to improve undergraduate nursing education.
In vitro anti-plasmodial activity of new synthetic derivatives of 1-(heteroaryl)-2- ((5-nitroheteroaryl)methylene) hydrazine
Authors: Tahghighi Azar , Mehrizi Akram Abouie , Zakeri Sedigheh
Published: February 2021

Objective:

To evaluate new compounds synthesized by integrating quinoline, quinazoline, and acridine rings with the active moiety of (5-nitroheteroaryl) methylene hydrazine.

Methods:

A new series of compounds (1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, and 3b) were synthesized and evaluated for cytotoxicity against COS-7 cells using the MTT assay. In vitro anti-plasmodial activity of the compounds was measured against CQ-sensitive (3D7) and CQ-resistant (K1) Plasmodium (P.) falciparum strains. β-hematin assay was performed to assess the inhibitory effects of β-hematin formation for new compounds.

Results:

The synthetic compounds had anti-plasmodial activity against blood-stage of 3D7 [IC50=(0.328-5.483) μM] and K1 [IC50=(0.622-7.746) μM] strains of P. falciparum, with no cytotoxicity against COS-7 cells in effective doses. Compounds 1a, 1b, and 2b were the most effective derivatives against P. falciparum 3D7 and K1 strains. Based on the β-hematin assay, the inhibition of β-hematin formation is the main mechanism of the inhibitory effect of these compounds.

Conclusions:

The synthetic compounds could inhibit the erythrocytic stages of CQ-sensitive and resistant P. falciparum strains without toxicity towards mammalian cells. Compounds 1b, 2a, and 2b had comparable anti-plasmodial activity against both CQ-sensitive (3D7) and resistant (K1) P. falciparum strains. These compounds may be promising lead structures for the development of new anti-malarial drugs.
Pleural Effusion - A Radiological Review
Authors: Bhat Raghavendra
Published: February 2021

Pleural effusion is a collection of fluid in the pleural cavity. Various types of pleural effusions are discussed with illustrations (8 images).
Laparoscopic right colectomy for colon cancer after liver transplantation
Authors: Bertelli Riccardo , Prosperi Enrico , Faccani Enrico , Ansaloni Luca
Published: February 2021

The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) after liver transplantation is 0.5%–4%. Laparoscopic surgery is the standard-of-care treatment, however it is rarely performed in patients who had previously undergone liver transplantation. Few reports exist regarding minimally invasive surgery in such context and none about laparoscopic right colectomy. We present the case of a 64-year-old female with a history of liver transplantation in 2001 and who developed a right-sided CRC. A laparoscopic right colectomy was successfully performed, and the post-operative course was uneventful. Given the known benefits, we believe that laparoscopic approach should be considered in such patients.
A randomised controlled study on the effects of hernial sac stump fenestration on ultrasound seroma prevention in laparoscopic Type III inguinal hernia repair
Authors: Li Wei-Ming , Sun Yan-Bo , Li Yi-Jun , Xu Peng-Yuan , Xu Qing-Wen , Ding Li-Li
Published: February 2021

Background:

The incidence of ultrasound seromas has significantly increased after large hernial sac surgery. Several methods are available for preventing ultrasound seromas, but the clinical results are poor. It has also been demonstrated that hernial sac stump fenestration during laparoscopic incisional hernia repair surgery can significantly decrease the incidence of ultrasound seromas.

Materials and Methods:

Ninety patients aged 18–75 years who were treated in our hospital for primary Type III indirect inguinal hernia from March 2017 to March 2018 were randomised to a preventive fenestration group and a control group. All patients underwent transabdominal preperitoneal repair. The number of ultrasound seromas in the inguinal regions and ultrasound seroma volume on day 6 and months 1 and 3 after surgery in the two groups were compared. The secondary outcomes included length of surgery, urinary retention, acute pain, chronic pain, length of hospitalisation, recurrence rate and other complications.

Results:

There were no significant differences in demographic characteristics. Ultrasound seroma incidence and ultrasound seroma volume on day 6 and months 1 and 3 after surgery were significantly lower in the preventive fenestration group than that in the control group. There were no significant differences in the length of hospitalisation or incidence of acute pain or urinary retention between the two groups.

Conclusions:

Hernial sac stump fenestration after hernial sac transection in inguinal hernia repair surgery is a simple method that can effectively reduce post-operative ultrasound seromas.
Identification and Determination of Fructooligosaccharides in Snow Chrysanthemum (Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.)
Authors: Chen Ling-Xiao , Hu De-Jun , Xu Wen-Fei , Li Shao-Ping , Zhao Jing
Published: February 2021

Objective:

Small molecules in snow chrysanthemum such as flavonoids, phenolic compounds and amino acids have been extensively investigated. No study to date has focused on water-soluble oligosaccharides. The objective of this study is identification and determination of water-soluble oligosaccharides in snow chrysanthemum.

Methods:

The oligosaccharides in snow chrysanthemum were identified by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) combined MS library and methylation analysis for the first time. Subsequently the oligosaccharides were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with a charged aerosol detector (HPLC-CAD).

Results:

The oligosaccharides in snow chrysanthemum were identified as inulin-type fructooligosaccharides (FOS). The yield of FOS (DP3~DP13) in the first extraction was over 97.6%. The RSDs of repeatability in three sample amount levels (0.08 g, 0.1 g, 0.12 g) are lower than 4.8% and the RSDs of stability are less than 3.5%. The recoveries of FOS (DP3~13) were ranging from 96.9% to 105.6%. The contents of FOS (DP3~DP13) in flowers of snow chrysanthemum from different regions of China were greatly variant.

Conclusion:

This is the first time to identify and quantify FOS in snow chrysanthemum which is helpful for its performance in the in the fields of biomedical, agriculture and functional food industry as well as development of the quality control methods. In addition, the identification approach developed in this work can also be used for screening potential natural sources containing FOS..
COVID-19 herd immunity in the absence of a vaccine: an irresponsible approach
Authors: Khalife Jade , VanGennep Derrick
Published: February 2021

As severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to spread rapidly throughout the human population, the concept of “herd immunity” has attracted the attention of both decision-makers and the general public. In the absence of a vaccine, this entails that a large proportion of the population will be infected to develop immunity that would limit the severity and/or extent of subsequent outbreaks. We argue that adopting such an approach should be avoided for several reasons. There are significant uncertainties about whether achieving herd immunity is possible. If possible, achieving herd immunity would impose a large burden on society. There are gaps in protection, making it difficult to shield the vulnerable. It would defeat the purpose of avoiding harm caused by the virus. Lastly, dozens of countries are showing that containment is possible.
Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Carbonated Soft Drinks Using LCA Methodology
Authors: Kim Jongsek , Lim Noh-Hyun , Shin Yoonmi , Park Kyungwook , Han Ihn Sup
Published: February 2021

Objectives:In accordance with the concern of global warming problem, many companies in Korea are striving to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in accordance with consumer awareness. Many studies have been reported for various products; however it is difficult to find carbonated soft drinks in Korea. The purpose of this study is to the impact of the greenhouse gas emissions, especially carbonated soft drinks in Korea.Methods:Calculation method of the greenhouse gas emissions followed “Guidelines for Carbon Footprint of Products” used in Korean Carbon Footprint Labeling. It was developed based on international standards such as ISO 14040 series. Life cycle of carbonated soft drinks was considered as a pre-manufacturing stage, manufacturing stage, distribution and disposal stage. Use stage of the product was excluded.Results and Discussion:This study shows that the package types and amounts for pre-manufacturing, manufacturing and disposal steps of carbonated soft drinks (the unit contents: 500 mL/unit, 1.5 L/unit), and also shows the results of greenhouse gas emissions. From the results, the pre-manufacturing stage of PET bottle manufacturing is the first contributor that occupy above 60% of greenhouse gas emissions. For reducing carbon emissions, low carbon manufacturing techniques for PET bottle are important. Sensitivity analysis was performed for PET bottle manufacturing, cap manufacturing and waste plastic disposal including site data and assumptions made. The sensitivity of each item was less than 7%.Conclusions:In conclusion, this study shows that the pre-manufacturing step of PET bottle and cap production have very significant impact on the greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore lightweight packages and usage of recycled plastics would be main techniques for reducing greenhouse gas emissions of carbonated soft drinks. From this study, the increment of product’s carbon footprint certification would be used as an effective policy instrument for achieving reduction goals of Korea Government. And also it could be used to spread the culture of reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Effect of Phosphate and Hydrogen Peroxide on Bacterial Community and Removal Efficiency of Biological Activated Carbon (BAC) Process for Enhanced Biofiltration
Authors: Jung Eun-Young , An Byungryul , Son Heejong
Published: February 2021

Objectives:The correlation between the organic material removal ability of the enhanced BAC process injected by the phosphate (PO4-P) and/or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and attached bacterial community was evaluated.Methods:As pilot plant for the purification of raw water downstream of Nakdong river, 4 acrylic columns with an inner diameter of 20 cm and a height of 250 cm were operated at an empty bed contact time of 20 minutes. The four BAC columns are as followed; conventional BAC (control-BAC), enhanced BAC with phosphorus (PO4-P+BAC), enhanced BAC with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2+BAC), and enhanced BAC with phosphorus and hydrogen peroxide (PO4-P+H2O2+BAC). 0.01 mg/L of PO4-P and 1 mg/L of H2O2 were added in influent in the enhanced BAC, respectively. After 18 months of operation, activated carbon was collected from the top of each BAC column and 16S rRNA amplicon sequence analysis was performed.Results and Discussion:The long-term addition of PO4-P and H2O2 contributes the increase of biomass and activity of attached bacteria, respectively. In the attached bacterial community of conventional and enhanced process, Proteobacteria phylum is the most dominant specie and both α-Proteobacteria class and β-Proteobacteria class are also highly present. Each enhanced BAC exhibits very high bacterial community similarity based on the composition of various genera but it is completely different with conventional BAC. In particular, Bradyrhizobium, Sphingomonas, Methylobacterium, Sphingobium, Belnapia, Burkholderia, Polaromonas, and Desulfuromonas, which have excellent metabolism functions for a wide range of organic substrates, are highly dominated in the enhanced BAC process. The concentration of Biodegradable Dissolved Organic Carbon (BDOC) is obtained close to 0.15 mg/L for conventional BAC and less than 0.15 mg/L for enhanced BAC process, respectively. In general, the higher BDOC concentration can result in reducing biostability in water supply and distribution system when the residual chlorine concentration does not meet requirements. As result, less than 0.15 mg/L BDOC accomplished by PO4-P and H2O2 enhances the biostability.Conclusions:Compared to the conventional BAC process, the biomass and activity of attached bacteria and the ratio of the organization composition of the bacteria insides (genus) are considerably higher in the enhanced BAC process. These results achieve higher water quality and improve biostability.
A Comparative Study on the Application of Boosting Algorithm for Chl-a Estimation in the Downstream of Nakdong River
Authors: Lee Sang-Min , Kim Il-Kyu
Published: February 2021

Objectives:To estimate algae of Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) with machine learning algorithms, water quality and quantity data of the downstream region of Nakdong River area were used.Methods:At first, the correlation analysis was studied about Chl-a, water quality and quantity data. We have extracted ten important factors for water quality and quantity data about HC (Hapcheon Changnyeong), CH (Changnyeong Haman). Algorithms estimated how ten factors affected Chl-a occurrence each sites. We used algorithms about decision tree, random forest, elastic net, gradient boosting with Python.Results and Discussion:The MSE (Mean of Square Error), RMSE (Root Mean Square Error), R2 (Coefficient of determination) values were used to evaluate excellent algorithms. The gradient boosting showed 56.47 of MSE, 7.51 of RMSE, 0.78 of R2 values for the HC site and 63.82 of MSE, 7.99 of RMSE, 0.76 of R2 values for the CH site. Estimation value for the four algorithms was also verified through the ROC (Receiver Operation Characteristic) curve and AUC (Area Under Curve). As a result of the verification, the AUC value was 0.961 at HC site and the AUC value was 0.885 at CH site. So the gradient boosting algorithm‘s ability to interpret seemed to be excellent.Conclusions:The gradient boosting algorithm showed excellent results for HC and CH sites.
Gebelik ve Postpartum Dönemde Kadın Ruh Sağlığı: Derleme Çalışması
Authors: YILMAZ Mualla , YAR Dilan
Published: February 2021

Kadınlar gebelik ve doğum sonrası dönemde yoğun fizyolojik, psikolojik ve sosyal değişimler yaşamaktadır. Biyolojik ve çevresel faktörlerin etkisiyle gebelik ve doğum sonrası dönem bazı kadınlar için zor bir süreç haline gelebilmektedir. Gebelik ve doğum sonrası dönem psikiyatrik hastalıkların ortaya çıktığı ya da nüks ettiği karmaşık bir süreç olabilmektedir. Bu dönemde ortaya çıkan psikiyatrik bozukluklar göz ardı edilebilmektedir. Ancak gebelik ve doğum sonrası dönemde ruhsal hastalıkların teşhis ve tedavisi oldukça önemlidir. Çünkü gebelik ve doğum sonrası süreçte annenin ruh sağlığı bebeği de etkilemektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı gebelik ve doğum sonrası dönemde sık karşılaşılan psikiyatrik bozukluklar konusunda literatür bilgisini gözden geçirmek ve müdahale yöntemleri hakkında önerilerde bulunmaktır.
Purported green attitude vs. actual pro-environmental behaviour of Czech consumers
Authors: Hakl Pickova Radka , Hruby Michal
Published: February 2021

Green attitudes and consumer behaviour should correlate in order to achieve environmental objectives. Yet an attitude-behaviour gap exists, and there are many reasons why green attitudes are not proportionately translated into actual behaviour. This paper aims to describe the foundations of green attitudes of Czech consumers – their trust in solutions of companies, their belief in global warming and their willingness to join pro-environmental initiatives. Czech consumers were segmented by their gender, age and education. Based on a literature review and the results of this research, managerial implications were suggested in order to reduce this attitude-behaviour gap and help companies to communicate their green strategy more effectively. These fndings were framed by the previous research papers by the authors (Jaderná et al.) and should give an indication how to understand Czech consumers better.
The Effectiveness of Play Therapy in the Management of Aggression and Stubborn Behavior of Mild Intellectual Disable Child (A Case Study)
Authors: Zakaria Muhammad , Dar Sabiha , Chudary Ghinasha , Hussain Ejaz
Published: February 2021

The Purpose of current article is to highlight the importance of play therapy in the management of aggression and stubborn behavior. The present study is based on a case of a boy who diagnosed with mild intellectual disability as well he had aggression and stubborn behavior. His undesirable behaviors were not decreased through prior treatment. The clinical psychologist at special education school were applied multiple psychological interventions of play therapy which included balloons of anger, bubble breaths relaxation exercise, the slow motion game and the mad game. Before the starting of therapy the aggression and stubborn behavior scales were filled by client’s mother. On the bases of psychological test and detailed history the client was diagnosed with mild intellectual disability according to the criteria of DSM-5. The play therapy techniques were learned by client to use at home by himself. After fifteen therapeutic sessions the measure tools of aggression & stubborn behaviors were again filled by client’s mother. Results displayed the extreme reduction in the level of aggression and stubborn behavior. Furthermore he also improves his social functioning as stated by client’s mother.
Are Oil Prices and Remittance Outflows Asymmetric? Evidence From Saudi Arabia
Authors: Akçay Selçuk
Published: February 2021

Understanding the nexus between oil prices and remittance outflows is critical for both remitting and recipient countries. This is the first study that examines the asymmetric impact of oil prices on remittance outflows for Saudi Arabia. Relying on the non-linear autoregressive distributed lag model and taking advantage of yearly data over the period 1980-2018, we document that: (i) oil prices are asymmetrically related to remittance outflows but only in the long-run; and (ii) positive innovations in oil prices are conducive to remittance outflows, whereas negative innovations do not affect remittance outflows significantly.
Healing by Inflammation - Prolotherapy
Authors: Vijayendranath Nayak S , S Gunasheela , M Karthik , Aparna Hegde ,   Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Melaka-Manipal Medical College, Jalan Batu Hampar, Bukit Baru, Melaka, Malaysia,   Specialists Multispeciality Dental Clinic, Mada, Kasaragod District, Kerala, India,   Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, India,   Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Alkola, T.H Road, Shivamogga, India
Published: February 2021

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a collective term used to describe a group of disorders related to temporomandibular region. It’s considered to be the common cause for orofacial pain. With the advancement of research, prolotherapy is considered to be the one of the treatment modalities to treat TMD, when the conservative management fails.
Hysterical Trismus: Review & A Case Report
Authors:   HCF Dental Centre, Sydney, Australia, P Dhanrajani
Published: February 2021

Hysteria may be responsible for a variety of conditions. However, when hysteria is suspected as the cause of entity, careful investigation is necessary to rule out the underlying organic disease. The present case describes a patient attending emergency clinic having complete trismus with conversion hysteria probably of psychogenic origin. She got relieved of her symptoms spontaneously.
Evaluation of Quality and Sensory Characteristics of Spaghetti made from Plantain and Wheat Flour blends
Authors:   Department of Home and Rural Economics, Oyo State College of Agriculture and Technology, Igboora, Oyo State, Nigeria, TA Akinyemi , AO Akinsola ,   Department of Home Economics, Federal College of Education, Oyo State, Nigeria, AF Adedokun ,   Department of Home Economics, Federal College of Education, Oyo State, Nigeria, VO Segilola ,   Department of Home Economics, Federal College of Education, Oyo State, Nigeria, DO Obisesan ,   Department of Home Economics, Federal College of Education, Oyo State, Nigeria, TE Afonja ,   Department of Home Economics, Federal College of Education, Oyo State, Nigeria
Published: February 2021

The world is tending towards fortification of cereal, root and tubers food products to increase and enhance its macro and micronutrients content for her teaming population. This study investigated the quality and sensory evaluation of spaghetti produced from plantain and wheat flour blends. The dried plantain chips were milled, sieved to pass through sieve number 60 BS and blends with wheat flour at levels of 100:00%, 85:15%, 80:20%, 75:25%, 70:30%, respectively. The five samples formulated were analyzed for nutritional properties and sensory attributes using a 9-point hedonic scale of preference. All data were subjected to analysis of variance while significant differences were determined at p<0.05, while Duncan multiple range test was used to separate the mean. The study finding shows that nutritionally improved spaghetti products could be produced from mixture of plantain and wheat flour within the range of 15% - 25% wheat flour substitution. The mineral profiles of the study show improvement in quality and quantity compare to the control sample. However, iron, sodium and zinc content of the spaghetti samples were far below recommended daily allowance, hence there is need to supplement such food with fruit- vegetables. The high mean score obtained for the overall acceptability showed that the plantain-based spaghetti samples were accepted by the panellists. Sample with 20% wheat flour substitution level had the highest mean score (6.77) than other wheat flour substituted samples. This might be the perfect blend to make spaghetti from plantainwheat flour blends.
Study of BRAF and RAS Mutations in Thyroid Nodules with Indeterminate Cytology and Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors:   Informatics and Control Systems, Biomedical Engineering, Georgian Technical University, Georgia, Sahar Abd ELmogheth Madani , Irine Gotsiridze ,   Informatics and Control Systems, Biomedical Engineering, Georgian Technical University, Georgia
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVES Thyroid cancer Treatment decision-making is often guided by tumor tissue molecular analysis. The aim of this study was the detection of BRAF, NRAS and HRAS mutations in Georgian patients with thyroid cancer and determination of the frequency of these mutations in the respective populations. SETTING Diagnostic molecular laboratory located in Tbilisi, Georgia. PARTICIPANTS 116 patients with thyroid cancer participated in the study. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Genetic change is the main force of thyroid tumor development, based on new methods of managing thyroid cancer. The latest significant genetic discovery in thyroid cancer is the BRAF-T1799A (V600E) transformation (the gene for B-type RAF kinase, BRAF). Since the initial report of this breakthrough in thyroid cancer years ago, rapid progress has been made. The BRAF mutation is the most common genetic change in thyroid cancer. BRAF and NRAS mutations are frequent genetic alterations found in thyroid nodules. These molecular markers establish a differential diagnosis and facilitate clinical decision-making. Prevalence of thyroid nodule-associated mutations has not been studied in Georgia. We evaluated BRAF, NRAS and HRAS mutations in Georgian patients with indeterminate cytology or diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). RESULTS BRAF (V600E), NRAS (G12C, G12D, Q61R, and Q61K) and HRAS (G12C, G13R, and Q61R) were determined in the DNA extracted from fine needle aspirate specimens. In total, 116 patient samples were analyzed using competitive-specificTaqMan PCR (Cast PCR TM). In these samples, 36 were diagnosed as papillary thyroid carcinoma, and 80 were indeterminate by Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology (BSRTC III-V). BRAF (V600E) mutation was the most frequent genetic alteration found in 31% of all analyzed samples. Specifically, this mutation was present in 61% of PTC cases and 18% of cases classified as indeterminate (BSRTC III-V). NRAS mutations were present in 16% of PTC and 30% of indeterminate cytology samples. NRAS G12D and Q61R were most prevalent at 36.6% and 40% of all NRAS mutations. BSRTC IV category of indeterminate cytology had the highest frequency of NRAS mutations at 43%. From analyzed samples, HRAS (Q61R) mutation was present in only one PTC case.
Amino Acid Profiling of the Leaves of Senna Obtusifolia and Biochemical Changes during Fermentation for Production of ''Kawal'', a Traditional Food Condiment
Authors:   Laboratory of Biochemistry and Applied Immunology (LABIA), Joseph KIZERBO University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Abakar Idriss Lawane , Abdelsalam Tidjani ,   Laboratory of Research in Food Science and Nutrition, University of N'Djamena, N'Djamena, Chad, Charles Parkouda ,   Food Technology Department (DTA/IRSAT/CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Tapsoba François ,   Laboratory of Biochemistry and Applied Immunology (LABIA), Joseph KIZERBO University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Abdoullahi Hissein ,   Laboratory of Biochemistry and Applied Immunology (LABIA), Joseph KIZERBO University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Aly Savadogo ,   Laboratory of Biochemistry and Applied Immunology (LABIA), Joseph KIZERBO University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Published: February 2021

Kawal is made by a natural or uncontrolled fermentation of Senna obtusifolia leaves. It is a food condiment, and appreciated because of its particular flavor. It is also used as a meat or fish substitute. Kawal is an important source of protein in the diet of low-income families. The present work was done to determine the total amino acid content in raw and fermented Senna obtusifolia leaves. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with The Pico-Tag method was used for the analysis and determination of amino acid profiles. The results obtained showed that the kawal protein is rich in essential amino acids and semi-essential for humans, with different concentrations. Leucine gave a maximum value of 208.56 mg/100 g (DM) and 538,29 mg/100 g (DM); valine showed the value of 173,46 mg/100 g (DM) and 476.25 mg/100 g (DM), for lysine this value is 205.58 mg/100 g (DM) and 456.13 mg/100 g (DM). In the background, we have histidine, threonine, tyrosine, isoleucine and phenylalanine, whose best concentrations are between 157.36 mg/100 g and 397.93 mg/100 g (DM) in fermented leaves. For semi-essential amino acids, the fermented leaves have concentrations of between 121.96 mg/100 g and 1260.92 mg/100 g (DM).
5., 6. ve 7. Sınıf Sosyal Bilgiler Ders Kitaplarının Güncel Olaylar Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: ÇELİK Meltem Elif , YILDIRIM Gönül
Published: January 2021

Sosyal bilgiler dersi geçmişi, bugünü ve geleceği içinde barındıran ve bunu harmanlayarak öğrencilere sunan disiplinler arası bir derstir. Sosyal bilgiler geçmiş hakkında bilgi verirken öğrencilerin bugünü anlamlandırmalarını ve ders çıkarmalarını, bugünü anlamlandırırken geleceğe yön vermelerini ve gelecekteki sorunlara hazırlanmalarını sağlar. Sosyal bilgiler dersinin kazanımlarının, beceri ve değerlerinin amacına ulaşmasında öğrencilerin derste öğrendiği bilgileri işlemesi, somutlaştırması ve sosyal hayatta kullanabilmesi çok önemlidir. Öğrencilerin sosyal bilgiler dersinde öğrendiklerini kullanabileceği önemli yollardan birisi de güncel olaylardır. Sosyal bilgiler ders kitaplarında, sosyal bilgiler kazanımlarına uygun olarak güncel olaylara yer verilmesiyle öğrencilerde ülke ve dünya sorunlarına ilgi duyma, problemlere karşı çözüm odaklı olma gibi beceriler gelişecektir. Nitekim 2018’de güncellenen sosyal bilgiler öğretim programında da güncel olayların derste kullanımına önem verildiği gözlenmektedir. Bu çalışmada 5, 6 ve 7. sınıf sosyal bilgiler ders kitapları güncel olaylara yer verme yönünden üniteler bazında incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın evrenini 2020-2021 eğitim öğretim yılında Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı ve Talim Terbiye Kurulu Başkanlığının onayından geçen yedi sosyal bilgiler ders kitabı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada örneklem olarak, onaylanmış yedi kitabın içinden seçkişiz yöntemle 5, 6 ve 7. sınıflarda okutulmak üzere üç sosyal bilgiler ders kitabı belirlenmiştir. Araştırma nitel yöntemlerden biri olan doküman incelemesi yoluyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada ulaşılan veriler betimsel analiz ile çözümlenmiştir. Çalışmada beş, altı ve yedinci sınıf ders kitaplarının güncel olaylar açısından zengin olduğu, buna karşın ders kitabında yer verilen özellikle TUİK’e ait istatistiksel verilerin çok güncel olmadığı ve üniteler içinde güncel olaylara dengesiz şekilde yer verildiği bulgularına ulaşılmıştır. Güncel olaylara yer verilirken en çok internet haberlerinden ve kitap alıntılarından yararlanıldığı bilgisi çalışmanın diğer bulgularındandır. Çalışmanın ders kitaplarının gelişimine bulguları yönüyle katkıda bulunacağı düşünülmektedir.
The multisourcing model of safe supply chain management
Authors:   National Aviation University, Kostiuchenko Lesia
Published: February 2021

The logistics outsourcing concept is to address the feasibility of using its own capabilities and sources of supply to perform certain logistics functions that the company can entrust to an external partner. However, in the current context of rapid change, it is important to make a quick and efficient decision on sources of supply: regardless of the sourcing model of the company. That is, what is the usual supply strategy for the company. Security (reliability and stability) of supplies is at the first place. Therefore, a quick decision on the optimal source of supply is the optimal solution. More precisely is the optimal combination of the use of internal resources of the company and the resources of external suppliers. Multisourcing is a type of outsourcing used by many companies in conditions of frequent changes. Unlike traditional outsourcing, the multisourcing model involves the use of several different vendors for the same product at different times. The decision depends on the level of security. For example, with multiple sources, a company can choose the best supplier for a particular task. By outsourcing certain operations, a company can perform critical tasks on its own. These actions can achieve optimization of operating costs. However, when deciding on multisourcing, it is important to assess the risks. It is important to estimate the cost of supply according to different options. You should compare the results of calculations and compare with the risks. These actions can ensure security of supply. So, the proposed economic and mathematical model is able to help to make the right decision of the rational choice of supply channel from several alternatives and, as a consequence, to achieve the following main goals: improving the quality of supply management; reduction of the logistics cycle; reduction of supply costs; increase the reliability of supply
Performance and Stability Analysis of Spices and Spice Products Export from India
Authors: Nagani C.M.
Published: February 2021

India exports spices from times ancient and is the largest producer, consumer and exporter of spices in the world. This study is contemplated during the two time periods viz., Pre NHM (1993-94 to 2004-05) and Post NHM (2005-06 to 2017-18). The overall trend in spices export in quantity was found to be lower in the Period I than in Period II and Period III. It implies that a lower growth rate in quantity (4.75%) of spices were being exported during Period-I, which increased in quantity (9.57%) of spices during Period-II. Highly stable market for spices and its products during Period I were oils & oleoresins and curry powder, in Period II chilli (quantity), mint products (quantity), oils & oleoresins (value) and curry powder (quantity and value). No commodity showed low instability during Period III. (1993-94 to 2017-2018).
Ventriculosubgaleal shunting in the treatment of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus of premature infants: case series
Authors: Canheu Alexandre
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus(PHH) comprises the most common complication in  preterm infants (PTI) who suffered germinative matrix hemorrhage (GMH), and its treatment is still matter of controversies. These infants usually weigh less than 1,500g and a temporary CSF diversion  is needed. VSGS is preferred in those cases because it is a simple and rapid method, no need for repetitive aspiration for the evacuation of CSF, gives a permanent decompression without causing electrolyte and nutritional losses, and still protects the cerebral development of newborns with GMH.
Methods: We analyzed a series of 22 PTI who underwent VSGS for PHH, between July 2015 and April 2019, and minimum follow-up 6 months. The median gestation age was 28 weeks (range 23-32). The median weigh was 985g (range 625-1615). The mean period harboring de VSGS was 61,8 days (range 35-80). Results: The cases were studied for: 1) Shunt dependency: 11 children (50%) showed persistent hydrocephalus at further investigation and underwent to VP shunt after stable clinical condition. 2) Infection: 6 subjects (27,2%) showed positive cultures, and were converted to External Ventricular Device (EVD), and further VP shunt; 3) Outcome: the results were separated in Excellent/Good (GOS 5-4) 12 subjects (54%); Poor (GOS 3-2): 8 subjects (36%) and Death (GOS 1): 2 subjects (10%).
Conclusions: VSGS is a good alternative method to treat PHH, especially in a preterm infant who needs a temporary shunt device. The low rate of severe complications and encouraging results about persistent hydrocephalus should guide further investigation and larger cases series.
Endoscopic Management of Intra Ventricular Tumours
Authors: Cinalli Giuseppe
Published: February 2021

Objective:  Neuroendoscopic removal of intraventricular tumors is difficult and time consuming because of the lack of an effective decompression system that can be used through the working channel of the endoscope. The authors report on the utilization of an endoscopic ultrasonic aspirator in the resection of intraventricular tumors.
Methods: Seventeen pediatric patients (14 male, 3 female), ages 1-15 years old, underwent surgery via a purely endoscopic approach using a Gaab rigid endoscope and endoscopic ultrasonic aspirator. Ten patients presented with an intraventricular tumor, three with paraventricular, and 4 with suprasellar lesions. Histology analysis showed 6/17 glial tumors, 3/17 with subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (associated with tuberous sclerosis), two cases presented with intraventricular metastases from high-grade tumors (medulloblastoma, atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor), 4/17 with suprasellar tumors (2 craniopharyngiomas and 2 optic pathway gliomas), and two with pineal region tumors (1 immature teratoma, 1 PNET). In all patients, the endoscopic trajectory and ventricular access were guided by electromagnetic neuronavigation. Fifteen patients underwent surgery via a precoronal bur hole while supine. In 1 case, surgery was performed through a frontal anterior bur hole and one patient underwent surgery via a posterior parietal approach to the trigone while in a lateral position.
The endoscopic technique consisted of visualization of the tumor, ventricular washing to dilate the ventricles and to control bleeding, obtaining a tumor specimen with biopsy forceps, and ultrasonic aspiration of the tumor. Bleeding was controlled with irrigation, monopolar coagulation, and a thulium laser.
Results/Discussion: In 9 cases, the resection was total or near total (more than 90% of lesion removed). In 8 cases, the resection was partial or biopsy. Histological evaluation of the collected material (withdrawn using biopsy forceps and aspirated with an ultrasonic aspirator) was diagnostic in all cases. The duration of surgery ranged from 30 to 120 minutes. One case was complicated by subdural hygroma requiring a subduro-peritoneal shunt implant. The dry field technique was used in cases with persistence of bleeding.
Conclusion: Patients harboring intraventricular tumors are in most cases ideal candidates for endoscopy biopsy/resection. In this series, endoscopic ultrasonic aspiration proved to be a safe and reliable method for achieving extensive decompression or complete removal in the management of intra- and/or paraventricular lesions in pediatric patients.
Relexicalization in Internet Relay Chat
Authors: Nazaryan Ani
Published: January 2021

The article discusses some of the characteristics of the Internet Discourse which is regarded as a functional-stylistic expression of Modern English in general and the functional and pragmatic specificities of the internet chat by teenagers, in particular. Relexicalization is examined as a linguistic expression of speech which aims not only to win some time but is regarded as a proof of a certain electronic status.
The Armenian Translation of Shakespeare’s “Love’s Labours Lost”
Authors: Karapetyan Anna
Published: January 2021

In this article the author presents the Armenian translations of Shakespeare’s Love’s Labours Lost. It was first translated by the renowned Armenian writer and translator Khachik Dashtents. He translated all the other comedies by Shakespeare which were published in a single volume in 1953. Khachik Dashtents placed an emphasis on the principle of “equivalence”, faithfulness and reliability in his translations. Kh. Dashtents, H. Sevan, S. Mkrtchyan followed the principles set by H. Masehyan and are known as translators of post-Masehyan period.
Limitations of Machine Translation
Authors: Shmavonyan Gayane
Published: January 2021

Along with technological advancements worldwide there is a growing demand in machine translation as well. With its various and most diverse translation opportunities, computer translation, however, has its disadvantages and restrictions. At the current stage of technological development, translation done by a translator will provide a higher quality and effectiveness if it is combined with the employment of machine translation tools.
Why Integrity and not Coherence?
Authors: Gasparyan Gayane
Published: January 2021

The present article considers such text categories as integrity and coherence. The latter is expressed by two different terms in English – cohesion and coherence. There are different approaches towards these two terms, which, however, lead to nearly the same conclusion. The former (integrity) is a means of combining intertextual units while the latter (coherence) is the category ensuring the unity of the text and establishing a link between both intertextual and extra-textual situations and environments. Integrity in its turn, is viewed as a means of integrating text elements into a whole and helping to create an intertextual and extratextual context that is closely related to the category of coherence.
“The Knowledge of Literature”: or The Special Effects of Literary Discourse
Authors: Locatelli Angela
Published: January 2021

Literature possesses huge knowledge value and social significance which, however, have not received due attention so far. The reason for such neglect is the fact that literature does not easily and immediately display its complex cognitive wonders. Rather, it is possible to perceive them after a long journey of evaluation and re-evaluation. Literature does not only provide an imaginary aesthetic picture, but also various expressions of consciousness and social identity.
Uso de los medios de pago electrónico en las empresas de la provincia de Santa Elena
Authors: Rivera Ramírez Jimmy Gabriel , Suarez Rodríguez Otto Patricio
Published: February 2021

La presente investigación fue realizada en la provincia de Santa Elena – Ecuador, y su objetivo fue medir la predisposición de las empresas a implantar sistemas para aceptar pagos electrónicos en sus negocios. Santa Elena cuenta con 11.662 empresas, de las cuales el 48% son empresas orientadas a vender productos o servicios para el turista, los turistas extranjeros prefieren usar tarjeta de crédito y llevar poco efectivo. En esta investigación la muestra fue de 372 empresas de la provincia de Santa Elena y se entrevistó a los dueños y/o gerentes de las mismas. El análisis de los datos indicó que el 54% de las empresas cree que los terminales de punto de venta (TPV) son confiables, pero solo el 16% de las empresas dispone de uno de estos equipos. El análisis de correlación de Spearman arrojó un coeficiente del 0,255 que indica una baja correlación entre estos dos factores. Esto se corrobora aún más ya que el 65% de las empresas señaló que estarían dispuestos a instalar un TPV pero después de unos cinco años.