bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highly effective detection of amitraz in honey by using surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy coupled with chemometric methods
Authors: Nie Xin-ming , Wang Jing , Wang Xun , Tian Ya-ping , Chen Si , Long Zhou-yang , Zong Cheng-hua
Published: May 2019

As an effective and universal acaricide, amitraz is widely used on beehives against varroasis caused by the mite Varroa jacobsoni. Its residues in honey pose a great danger to human health. In this study, a sensitive, rapid, and environmentally friendly surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy method (SERS) was developed for the determination of trace amount of amitraz in honey with the use of silver nanorod (AgNR) array substrate. The AgNR array substrate fabricated by an oblique angle deposition technique exhibited an excellent SERS activity with an enhancement factor of ~107. Density function theory was employed to assign the characteristic peak of amitraz. The detection of amitraz was further explored and amitraz in honey at concentrations as low as 0.08 mg/kg can be identified. Specifically, partial least square regression analysis was employed to correlate the SERS spectra in full-wavelength with Camitraz to afford a multiple-quantitative amitraz predicting model. Preliminary results show that the predicted concentrations of amitraz in honey samples are in good agreement with their real concentrations. Compared with the conventional univariate quantitative model based on single peak’s intensity, the proposed multiple-quantitative predicting model integrates all the characteristic peaks of amitraz, thus offering an improved detecting accuracy and anti-interference ability.
o-C8 carbon: A new allotrope of superhard carbon
Authors: Kou Jun-ru , Cao Ai-hua , Liu Song-li , Gan Li-hua
Published: May 2019

An orthonormal crystal of carbon with PMMA space group (o-C8) was found to be a stable superhard carbon allotrope by particle swarm optimization algorithm and density functional calculations. The phonon spectrum calculations demonstrate that the o-C8 carbon phase is dynamically stable. The volume compression calculations show that it is highly incompressible, with bulk modulus of 298.6 GPa. The calculations demonstrate that it is a low-density superhard material with density of 2.993 g/cm3 and Vickers hardness of 82.4 GPa.
Crystallization, vitrification, and gelation of patchy colloidal particles
Authors: Liu Shu-jing , Li Jiang-tao , Gu Fang , Wang Hai-jun
Published: May 2019

We present the phase diagrams for neutral patchy colloidal particles whose surface is decorated by different number of identical patches, where each patch serves as an associating site. The hard-core Lennard-Jones (LJ) potential and associating interaction are incorporated into the free energies of patchy particles in phases of the fluid (F), random close packing (RCP), and face-centered-cubic (FCC) crystal. A rich phase structure of patchy particles with F-F, F-RCP, and F-FCC transitions can be observed. Meanwhile, the sol-gel transition (SGT) characterizing the connectivity of patchy particles is also investigated. It is shown that, depending on the number of patches and associating energy, the F-F transition might be metastable or stable with respect to the F-RCP and F-FCC transitions. Meanwhile, the critical temperatures, critical densities, triple points, and SGT can be significantly regulated by these factors.
Superhydrophobic micro/nanostructured copper mesh with self-cleaning property for effective oil/water separation
Authors: Zhang Tai-heng , Yan Tao , Zhao Guo-qing , Hu Wenjihao , Jiao Fei-peng
Published: May 2019

In this work, a simple method was carried out to successfully fabricate superoleophilic and superhydrophobic N-dodecyltrimethoxysilane@tungsten trioxide coated copper mesh. The as-fabricated copper mesh displayed prominent superoleophilicity and superhydrophobicity with a huge water contact angle about 154.39° and oil contact angle near 0°. Moreover, the coated copper mesh showed high separation efficiency approximately 99.3%, and huge water flux about 9962.3 L·h−1·m−2, which could be used to separate various organic solvents/water mixtures. Furthermore, the coated copper mesh showed favorable stability that the separation efficiency remained above 90% after 10 separation cycles. Benefiting from the excellent photocatalytic degradation ability of tungsten trioxide, the coated copper mesh possessed the self-cleaning capacity. Therefore, the mesh contaminated with lubricating oil could regain superhydrophobic property, and this property of self-cleaning permitted that the fabricated copper mesh could be repeatedly used for oil and water separation.
A corpus-based analysis of so in written discourse: A comparison between L1 English speakers and
Japanese EFL learners
Authors: Sato Shie
Published: May 2019

This study examines the functional variability of so in essays written by 200 L1 English speakers
(ENSs) and 400 Japanese EFL learners (EFLs). Using quantitative and qualitative approaches, this study elucidates discourse marker
usage of so in each group, thereby establishing the normative patterns of use among ENSs and the features
specific to L2 English writers. The findings suggest that ENSs use so strategically as a preface to stance-taking
by carefully selecting and adjusting the information to be established as common ground with the reader. EFLs use
so in a manner distinctly different from ENSs, displaying varying degrees of understanding and difficulty in
utilising the word’s discoursal properties. The study concludes that it is important for L2 English learners to learn the uses of
so not only as a connective marker with resultative meaning but also as a resource for projecting stance and
assertion.
‘Thone vpon thother’
Authors: Nykiel Jerzy
Published: May 2019

A frequent result produced by a search of the digital corpora of Middle English (henceforth ME) for instances of reduced th’ is a nominal involving the pronouns one or other with initial th
- or t- attached. In this study I argue that two different mechanisms, that is reduction of the definite article and misanalysis of the preceding demonstrative, need to be taken into account when scrutinizing the emergence of what turns out to be four different pronouns, namely thone, thother, tone, and tother. First I flesh out the ways in which these pronouns were used in ME. Then I analyze textual evidence which sheds light on the question when and how these pronouns emerged. Finally I argue that while initial th- is always a definite determiner reduced as expected given the DP cycle, initial t
- can be either a definite determiner or, less likely, part of a lexicalized pronoun.
A corpus-based study on the development of dare in Middle English and Early Modern English
Authors: Bemposta-Rivas Sofia
Published: May 2019

This study argues that the changes undergone by dare in late Middle English cannot be explained solely in terms of the phonological similarity between dare and tharf, but also by the relationship between tharf and the verb need, plus the influence that the latter exerted on dare. The aim of this study is to analyse the semantic and structural changes that the verbs dare, tharf and need undergo in the period between Middle English and Early Modern English. The data are drawn from The Penn-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Middle English, The Penn-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Early Modern English and The Penn Corpus of Early English Correspondence. The analysis confirms that the verbs dare and tharf were confused in Middle English in non-assertive and 'fear' contexts. With the obsolescence of tharf, dare begins to occur more frequently in assertive contexts, and also starts to exhibit lexical features due to the influence exerted by need.
Conservatism or the influence of the semantics of motion situation in the choice of perfect
auxiliaries in Jane Austen’s letters and novels
Authors: Calvo Cortés Nuria
Published: May 2019

The present study focuses on the analysis of the choice of either be or have in combination with the past participles of eleven motion verbs (arrive, become, come, enter, fall, go, get, grow, pass, return and run) to form perfective structures in Jane Austen’s letters and novels. She has previously been considered conservative in her grammar, specifically in relation to her preference for be as opposed to have in this type of structure. A corpus-based study shows that although she could indeed be considered conservative, the option of the auxiliary might also have been motivated by the different components of the motion situation involved in each instance. The conclusions show that some tendencies can be observed in relation to the behaviour of some of these verbs, despite the low number of occurrences of some of the verbs included in the analysis.
What can we learn from constructed speech errors?
Authors: Kornexl Lucia
Published: May 2019

Due to her untiring and constantly failing attempts to enhance her social standing by employing highly extravagant diction, Mrs Malaprop in Richard Brinsley Sheridan’s The Rivals (1775) has given her name to a specific type of lexical misapplication exploited for humorous effect. While her ‘malapropisms’ have usually served as a starting point for scholarly investigations into similar speech errors produced by modern speakers, this paper asks what the original material, skilfully embedded in a ‘comedy of manners’, can tell us about the linguistic microstructure of such lexical mismatches, about their semantic relationship to the target words, and how this peculiar kind of material relates to modern speech error typologies. To examine these questions, the linguistic character of Mrs Malaprop’s malapropisms will be explored on the basis of some significant criteria applied in pertinent studies of Present-day English data. Sheridan’s material will also be seen in relation to relevant evidence provided by three leading 18th-century dictionaries and by the OED. I hope to show that, when examined in their original, late 18th-century context and tested against some major variables, Sheridan’s malapropisms are not so far away from linguistic reality as is often assumed. Yet however ‘authentic’ his constructed malapropisms may be, their skilful use for literary effect nevertheless calls for a special treatment.
Abstract concepts and the activation of mouth-hand effectors
Authors: Mazzuca Claudia , Borghi Anna Maria
Published: May 2019

Embodied and grounded approaches to cognition have compellingly demonstrated that we comprehend concrete words simulating their meaning through our sensorimotor system (Barsalou 2008). Abstract words, i.e., words that do not have a single and concrete referent, are more difficult to account for in a grounded perspective. According to the Words As social Tools (WAT) proposal (Borghi and Binkofski 2014), in the acquisition and representation of abstract words language plays a central role. Abstract words are indeed mainly acquired through linguistic-social experience (Wauters et al. 2003). We report a behavioral experiment showing that the elaboration of abstract words involves the mouth motor system, as embodied counterpart of the activation of linguistic information, and that the involvement of the mouth is flexibly modulated by the task.
Inferential processing with concrete vs. abstract words and visual cortex
Authors: Calzavarini Fabrizio
Published: May 2019

In this chapter, I discuss the neuroscientific evidence concerning the role of the visual cortex for inferential semantic processing of concrete vs. abstract words. Results of my review suggest that visual cortex activity not only systematically accompanies inferential processing of concrete words, but it is also an active (facilitating) component of it. This is consistent with the Simulation or Embodied accounts of lexical semantic competence, according to which language understanding in general just consists in imagery/simulation processes underpinned by dedicated areas of the brain (e.g., the visual cortex). However, I show that this is not the case for words referring to abstract concepts: inferential processing of abstract words does not seem to involve visual cortex. The theoretical consequences of this phenomenon are also discussed.
Is the acoustic modality relevant for abstract concepts?
Authors: Scerrati Elisa , Lugli Luisa , Nicoletti Roberto , Borghi Anna Maria
Published: May 2019

An emerging class of theories of knowledge assumes that the representation and processing of concepts is achieved by reactivating multiple aspects of experience. Abstract concepts such as freedom and justice constitute a challenge for these theories because they have no clearly identifiable referent that we can experience. The Words As social Tools theory (WAT) posits that while both concrete and abstract concepts activate sensorimotor networks, the linguistic network is activated more by abstract than by concrete concepts given that the mode of acquisition of abstract concepts relies more on language. In this chapter we extend this argument and report results from an experiment with the Extrinsic Simon task suggesting that when we process abstract words we re-enact the experience of their acquisition and/or explain to ourselves their meaning.
Metaphor in action
Authors: Panunzi Alessandro , Vernillo Paola
Published: May 2019

Embodiment plays an essential role in both concrete and abstract semantic representation. As a consequence, action verbs are extensively involved in the conceptualization and linguistic encoding of figurative meanings. In the light of several theoretical frameworks, this chapter aims to investigate the mechanisms that enable verbs to acquire new abstract meanings. The analysis we present focuses specifically on the metaphorical variation of a cohesive group of five Italian action verbs codifying a movement along the vertical axis (alzare, abbassare, salire, scendere, sollevare). The results confirm the Invariance Principle worked out by Lakoff: the metaphorical mapping of an action verb is strictly constrained by the image schemas involved in its core and concrete meaning.
Abstract concepts in development
Authors: Rosenberg Maria
Published: May 2019

For young children, grasping abstract concepts and words poses a challenge. This chapter reports a case-study in which I discuss the abstract concepts expressed by complex words (440 types) by a Swedish girl (1–3 years). The data show that complex adjectives expressing evaluative content emerged prior age 2. These types of adjectives might thus be one step towards the learning of abstract concepts. The child’s novel compounds, combining concepts on several variables, are proof of her ability to gradually abstract away from perception-based reality. They can therefore be another means in the process of building abstract representation. In conclusion, this study confirms a view of abstract representation being built up gradually by relying on multiple factors such as linguistic, experiential, and contextual information.
The non-translation strategy in translating ISIS radical discourse
Authors: Bazzi Samia
Published: May 2019

This paper examines the contribution of translation to the shaping of ISIS concepts and discourses circulated through its media machine, which includes Dabiq Magazine and the Al-Furqan Foundation. It will explore propaganda strategies used by ISIS to disseminate radical thought through professional digitalized media by drawing on a corpus of texts published in such outlets – including political speeches given by ISIS leaders, as well as online reports, all of which are translated by ISIS’ own translators, the mujtahidun (the industrious ones). A comparative analysis of the original and the translated texts reveals a number of translation strategies that ISIS deploys to construct radicalized knowledge, to serve a violent agenda, and to appeal to a large number of potential foreign fighters. It will be argued that non-translation is a particularly important strategy employed to achieve these objectives. It will also be suggested that Islamic concepts such as Khilāfah, Jamā’ah, Ummah, Hijra, Bay’ah, Da’wah, Jihād, tawāghīt, and other motifs saturated with an ancient Islamic register tend to be left untranslated as a way of reinforcing perceptions of Muslim unity, power, allegiance, and brotherhood against the enemy. The analysis further reveals that particular ideological concepts are left untranslated when ISIS propagandists advocate fighting against the “unbelievers”, arguably in an attempt to galvanize the group’s followers – whether by appealing to their religious fanaticism or by promoting the uncritical reproduction of symbolic discourses grounded in Islamic history. These strategies highlight a need for awareness of the importance of language use in the reproduction of radical systems of thought and the use of (non-)translation for recruitment purposes. This socio-political linguistic study draws on Critical Discourse Analysis – incorporating the work of Fairclough (1995), Gramsci (1971) and Bourdieu (1991) to unravel the connections that exist between language use and the power of ISIS as a group, and to illustrate how specific translation techniques are adopted to reinforce the Caliphate’s hegemony.
Gesturing the source domain
Authors: Lederer Jenny
Published: May 2019

Gesture is aptly described as a “backdoor” to cognition (Sweetser, 2007, p. 203). Co-speech gesture has been shown to aid in the representation of abstract concepts (Parrill & Sweetser, 2004) and, specifically, encode metaphorical source domains (Cienki, 1998). This paper examines how co-speech gesture aligns with spoken and written narrative to support a spatially based representation of gender identity. Repeated gestural patterns include inward facing palms used to mime fictive category boundaries, gestural mapping of motion across metaphorical gender regions, manual deictic reference to interior and exterior self, and distancing from past gender assignment signaled through emblematic scare quotes. The data examined in this paper confirm the important role gesture plays in supplementing the instantiation of the metaphorical models that organize transgender speakers’ experience with and discussion of gender and transition.
Figurative analogies and how they are resisted in British Public Bill Committee debates
Authors: Lavalette Kiki Y. Renardel de , Andone Corina , Steen Gerard J.
Published: May 2019

This paper studies metaphor use in British Public Bill Committee debates. It focuses on the way in which
legislators frame their arguments in metaphorical terms under the form of figurative analogies. Because these figurative analogies
can be misleading by oversimplifying the issue under discussion, resisting them by putting forward counter-argumentation is a
crucial and necessary skill. The purpose of this paper is to explore the phenomenon of countering figurative analogies in
legislative debates, and to show that resistance to figurative analogies is a complex phenomenon comprising various types of
criticisms to different types of metaphor. To this end, we present qualitative analyses of a number of case studies of resistance
to figurative analogies found in the British Public Bill Committee debates on the Education Bill 2010–11 by employing the
three-dimensional model of metaphor (Steen, 2011) and the pragma-dialectical theory of
argumentation (Van Eemeren, 2010).
Research timeline. The role of instruction
Authors: Baten Kristof , Keßler Jörg-U.
Published: May 2019

This chapter presents an overview of studies that have dealt with the role of instruction, and more particularly, its possible effect on altering the route of second language acquisition (SLA). In SLA, some have argued that the effects of instruction are limited, in that instruction will promote acquisition only if it occurs at a time when a learner is ‘ready’ for the forms instructed. One formalisation of this idea of learner readiness is Pienemann’s (1984) teachability hypothesis. The present timeline will discuss studies preceding the formulation of the teachability hypothesis as well as subsequent studies that confirm, adjust, challenge or refute it. The aim is to give a historical overview of findings relating to this research question, which remains significant and relevant today.
Are speech and writing teachable?
Authors: Dyson Bronwen
Published: May 2019

Does the teachability hypothesis (Pienemann 1984, 1989) apply to spoken and written L2 English questions? Given varied findings on this issue, the present chapter reports on a study of 20 postgraduate students, divided into experimental and comparison groups. The experimental group, which comprised ‘unready’ (stage X), ‘ready’ (stage X+1) and stage X+2 students, was taught X+2 question formation. This group’s post-test results demonstrated overall differences from the comparison group and that, in both skills, the ready learners moved up a stage and one unready learner did not. However, two of the experimental group’s unready students advanced two stages in both skills. The spoken and written results imply that instruction cannot make learners skip stages but may help unready learners progress.
The elicitation of oral language production data
Authors: Baten Kristof
Published: May 2019

To determine developmental stages, research based on the framework of Processability Theory (PT) commonly examines data from naturally occurring speech. This chapter will investigate whether experimentally elicited data can also be used as a valid basis for determining developmental stages. It reports on a study that tested predictions derived from PT regarding developmental stages of case markers in L2 German. The results show that data obtained from an Elicited Imitation Task (EIT) yields the same developmental order, as well as variation, that has previously been found in naturally occurring data. The study therefore suggests that the EIT affords a valid method to examine developmental stages. Positive and negative aspects of the elicited imitation task will be considered.
Grammatical accuracy and complexity in a speaking proficiency test
Authors: Agebjörn Anders
Published: May 2019

The Common European Framework of Reference has stimulated research on the relation between linguistic competence and communicative competence. Such studies have often used linguistic measures from the Complexity-Accuracy-Fluency (CAF) paradigm to objectively tap into the linguistic competence of language learners; others have used Processability Theory. This study contributes to this research by measuring grammatical accuracy and complexity, in terms of both CAF and level of processability, in learners of second language Swedish taking a speaking proficiency test. The results show that a higher level of processability primarily enables learners to use a more complex, rather than a more accurate, language. Nevertheless, assessors focus primarily on accuracy. This raises questions about the reliability of communicative language testing, and the article argues for a more psycholinguistic and experimental approach to language testing.
Acquisition of nominal morphology in Norwegian L2
Authors: Emilsen Linda Evenstad
Published: May 2019

The main objective of this paper is to examine certain trends and tendencies in the acquisition of nominal morphology in the spontaneous speech of three L1 Kurdish-speaking children acquiring Norwegian as an L2. This paper reports on variations in the children’s use of articles and suffixes at three different points along their paths of acquisition, from approximately 2:7 (age:months) to 8:8 years after the age of onset of acquisition (AoOA). The findings suggest that constructions paralleling those of adult L1 speakers are the main pattern in L2 production of the children in the present study. In addition, article omission in modified noun phrases (NPs), gender-agreement discrepancy, omission of the definite suffix in simple nominal phrases and omission of the indefinite article are other tendencies.
Performing Trans in Post-Revolutionary Iran: Gender Transitions in Islamic Law, Theatre, and Film
Authors: O’Dell Emily
Published: May 2019

In the wake of a string of sensationalist documentaries about transsexuality in Iran, Iranian theatre and film artists began crafting groundbreaking trans performances to educate audiences and depict characters living non-heteronormative lives without the translating influence of queer theory or identity politics. Investigating transsexual bodies as assembled by jurists in Iranian Shiʿa jurisprudence and by artists on stage and screen reveals the ways in which the transsexual body is constructed in Islamic legal discourse and represented in narrative and bodily form in the public imaginary in Iran. Representations of transsexuality in theatre and film highlight the role of the arts as a vehicle for social change, communal recognition, and self-cognition. In particular, performances of female-to-male gender transitions in theatre and film have expanded the boundaries of how gender presentation is translated onto Iranian stages, into Tehran coffeehouses, and onto global screens. These trans performances usher Iranian spectators into new forms of viewership and artistic consumption in their attempt to creatively represent transsexual bodies and narratives to increase tolerance towards transsexuals; further, they have ignited a conversation among artists and activists about the assemblage of transsexual bodies in artistic productions and the most effective narrative and emotional forms of catharsis to inspire change.
Reflections on Parallel Lines in Sociology and Linguistics
Authors: Lu Deping
Published: May 2019

There are two lines of development in both sociological and linguistic thought. One makes a sharp distinction between individuals and society, with an overwhelming emphasis on the role and function of society’s norms and rules. The second holds a more integrative perspective on the interaction of society and its members and sees social norms as immanent in individual conduct rather than as externally imposed on the practices of everyday life. The first developmental line reaches its highest point in Saussure’s linguistic theory, while the second one is best promoted in Erving Goffman’s dramaturgy theory. A thorough analysis of these two lines with reference to sociology and linguistics, respectively, helps further an understanding of the nature of sign. This article attempts to highlight a significant turn of semiotic thinking in Goffman’s sociological theory that has to a large extent been neglected. This semiotic turn could be formulated as characterizing the sign in terms of its more interactional function in the practices of everyday life and away from its more structural and external function of providing norms and rules for such interactions. In this approach the function of the sign is made more coherent with the social dimensions of individuals in the interactional situations of everyday life.
Knowing Is Belonging: Recognitional Deixis and Emergence of Common Ground in Religious Conversion
Authors: Khachaturyan Maria
Published: May 2019

This article explores the situated usage of recognitional deixis, a prominent feature of the religious register of the Catholic community of Mano, Guinea. Recognitional deixis is understood to be the marking of referents as known and recognizable by the interlocutors, typically belonging to their common ground. While deictic markers are known to reflect a specific speaker-hearer-object configuration, I suggest reversing the indexical relationship and claim that instead of indexing contextual relationships (context presupposition), deictic markers rather project them in a performative fashion (context creation). In the study in question dealing with the marking of common ground by recognitional deixis, what gets projected is a presupposition of shared knowledge. Because of the dialogic orientation of recognitional deixis, as a consequence of presupposition projection, the speaker and the addressees emerge as knowledge-sharing co-insiders. This, in turn, contributes to a performative creation of a community of co-insiders—a religious community sharing religious knowledge.
The “Tiny Hand” of Donald Trump and the Metapragmatics of Typographic Parody
Authors: Donzelli Aurora , Bugden Alexandra Powell
Published: May 2019

Since his rise to the political stage in 2015, Donald Trump’s heterodox style of self-presentation has stirred heated metapragmatic debates within the American and international public: Was that “locker-room talk,” or abusive speech? Is his verbal irreverence an unacceptable defiance of fundamental principles of interactional ethics, or a brave attempt at reforming contemporary American speech by dismissing the epistemic inaccuracy and moral hypocrisy of political correctness? This article engages these debates by analyzing an ingenious form of typographic parody that recently appeared on digital social media. Modeled on Trump’s handwriting, the font “Tiny Hand” operates on multiple metapragmatic levels. First, the font’s childlike shapes establish an iconic connection between Trump’s hand(writing) and his brain, which, incapable of adult reasoning, generates dangerously infantile political decisions. Second, as a replica of Trump’s handwriting, the font parodies the president’s habit of correcting journalists with handwritten marginalia, thus speaking back to his attempts at silencing the press. Third, Tiny Hand works as a counter-meta-parody of the president’s political incorrectness. Finally, by evoking the parodies of Trump’s allegedly diminutive hands (and implicitly small penis) that circulated during the electoral race, the font operates as an inside joke addressed at and indexical of Trump’s counterpublic.
Monte Carlo simulation of fast neutron-induced fission of 237Np *
Authors: Liu Chang-Qi , Wei Zheng , Han Chao , Huang Chang , Huang Zhi-Wu , Ma Zhan-Wen , Zhang Shuang-Jiao , Peng Shao-Hua , Li Wei-Min , Bai Xiao-Hou , Wang Jun-Run , Lu Xiao-Long , Zhang Yu , Xu Da-Peng , Su Xiao-Dong , Yao Ze-En
Published: May 2019

The potential-driving model is used to describe the driving potential distribution and to calculate the pre-neutron emission mass distributions for different incident energies in the

reaction. The potential-driving model is implemented in Geant4 and used to calculate the fission-fragment yield distributions, kinetic energy distributions, fission neutron spectrum and the total nubar for the

reaction. Compared with the built-in G4ParaFissionModel, the calculated results from the potential-driving model are in better agreement with the experimental data and evaluated data. Given the good agreement with the experimental data, the potential-driving model in Geant4 can describe well the neutron-induced fission of actinide nuclei, which is very important for the study of neutron transmutation physics and the design of a transmutation system.
Photoproduction of J/ψ in non-single-diffractive p+p collisions *
Authors: Cao Ze-Hua , Ruan Li-Juan , Tang Ze-Bo , Xu Zhang-Bu , Yang Chi , Yang Shuai , Zha Wang-Mei
Published: May 2019

Significant enhancements of

production at very low transverse momenta were recently observed by the ALICE and STAR collaborations in peripheral hadronic A+A collisions. The anomalous excess points to coherent photon-nucleus interactions in violent hadronic heavy-ion collisions, which were conventionally studied only in ultra-peripheral collisions. Assuming that the coherent photoproduction is the underlying mechanism responsible for the excess observed in peripheral A+A collisions, its contribution in p+p collisions with nuclear overlap, i.e. non-single-diffractive collisions, is of particular interest. In this paper, we perform a calculation of exclusive

photoproduction in non-single-diffractive p+p collisions at the RHIC and LHC energies based on the pQCD motivated parametrization using the world-wide experimental data, which could be further employed to improve the precision of the phenomenological calculations for photoproduction in A+A collisions. The differential rapidity and transverse momentum distributions of

from photoproduction are presented. In comparison with the

production from hadronic interactions, we find that the contribution of photoproduction is negligible.
Production of exotic neutron-deficient isotopes near N, Z = 50 in multinucleon transfer reactions *
Authors: Xu Xin-Xin , Zhang Gen , Li Jing-Jing , Li Bing , Sokhna Cheikh A. T. , Zhang Xin-Rui , Yang Xiu-Xiu , Cheng Shi-Hui , Zhang Yu-Hai , Ge Zhi-Shuai , Li Cheng , Liu Zhong , Zhang Feng-Shou
Published: May 2019

The multinucleon transfer reaction in the collisions of 40Ca+ 124Sn at

MeV is investigated using the improved quantum molecular dynamics model. The measured angular distributions and isotopic distributions of the products are reproduced reasonably well by the calculations. The multinucleon transfer reactions of 40Ca + 112Sn, 58Ni + 112Sn, 106Cd + 112Sn, and 48Ca + 112Sn are also studied. This demonstrates that the combinations of neutron-deficient projectile and target are advantageous for the production of exotic neutron-deficient nuclei near N, Z = 50. The charged particles' emission plays an important role at small impact parameters in the de-excitation processes of the system. The production cross sections of the exotic neutron-deficient nuclei in multinucleon transfer reactions are much larger than those measured in the fragmentation and fusion-evaporation reactions. Several new neutron-deficient nuclei can be produced in the 106Cd + 112Sn reaction. The corresponding production cross sections for the new neutron-deficient nuclei, 101, 112Sb, 103Te, and 106, 107I, are 2.0 nb, 4.1 nb, 6.5 nb, 0.4

b and 1.0

b, respectively.
Bioheat transfer in a spherical biological tissue: a comparison among various models
Authors: Andreozzi Assunta , Brunese Luca , Iasiello Marcello , Tucci Claudio , Peter Vanoli Giuseppe
Published: May 2019

The investigation of bioheat transfer is a difficult issue because it entails a mixture of many mechanisms to take into account, such as thermal conduction in tissues, convection and blood perfusion, metabolic heat generation, vascular structure, changing of tissue properties depending on physiological condition and so on. This topic has a key role to predict accurately the temperature distribution in tissues, especially during biomedical applications. In this paper, different bioheat transfer models are resumed and compared. The biological tissue is modelled as a porous sphere and liver tissue properties are used. Governing equations are averaged over a Representative Elementary Volume (REV) of the living tissue. Transient bioheat equations based on models like, for example, Pennes model, Local Thermal Non-Equilibrium equations (LTNE model), are employed. In the employed equations, radiative heat transfer is also considered. Governing equations with the appropriate boundary conditions are solved with the finite-element code COMSOL Multiphysics®. The effects of hyperthermia on the living tissue are included with a source term in the tissue energy equation. Results are presented in terms of temperature profiles in the biological tissue; the aim is to appreciate differences due to the various bioheat models.
Tunnel fire active protection: improving ventilation system
Authors: Cirrincione Laura , Scaccianoce Gianluca , Scrudato Michael , Pietrafesa Matilde , Rizzo Gianfranco
Published: May 2019

The main aim of this work is to evaluate how the use of an active protection method, consisting in an improved forced longitudinal ventilation system, can determine a positive impact on heat extraction and people evacuation time in a tunnel fire scenario, by considering a case study which simulations are based on a real gallery.
Parametric analysis of input data on the CFD fire simulation
Authors: Assunta Andreozzi , Nicola Bianco , Marilena Musto , Giuseppe Rotondo
Published: May 2019

During the last decades the CFD computer modelling of fire has increased significantly. The CFD fire simulator has been purposely developed and optimized for fire protection; nowadays they have a high reliability and ample perspectives of further development. The main drawbacks of CFD fire simulators are mainly due to the complexity of its setting. They are not user friendly and require a good competence on fires and fair competence in computing. To be able to estimate how the simulation outcome is influenced by model assumptions and simplifications, the user has to evaluate the dominating physical processes and involved empirical parameter that has an essential influence on the specific fire scenario. In this paper the Thermo-gravimetric (TGA) and Cone-calorimetric tests will be used to show in which ranges the input parameters such as reference temperature (i.e. the temperature of the released mass rate peak), thermal conductivity, pyrolysis range, specific heat, in a fire simulation with the “Fire Dynamics Simulator”, will vary based on the measurement errors, measurement uncertainty, or misinterpretation of the user. Fire simulation validated on experimental tests are used to evaluate the impact of those variant input data on the simulation. A parametric analysis has been carried out and the results are evaluated and discussed.
Experimental validation of numerical model for evaluation of local heat transfer coefficient in coiled tubes
Authors: Vocale P , Abbenante M , Bozzoli F. , Rainieri S , Pagliarini G
Published: May 2019

The efficiency of the enhanced heat transfer equipment was widely investigated in literature by adopting both experimental and numerical approaches. Obviously, the numerical tools allow improving the knowledge of the fundamental heat transfer mechanisms in curved geometries, since they enable to evaluate punctually the velocity and temperature distributions. On the other hand, it has to be pointed out that the numerical results can be considered reliable only if they are validated throughout the comparison with either analytical results or experimental data. The validation of numerical models is usually carried out by considering average heat transfer performances, therefore this approach does not guarantee that these models enable to evaluate the local heat transfer phenomena with the same accuracy. In the present paper a promising numerical tool for evaluating local convective heat transfer in coiled-tubes, within the laminar regime, is presented. The Navier-Stokes and energy equations are solved by means of the open-source CFD software OpenFOAM®, with second-order accurate finite-volume schemes, within the framework of the SIMPLE algorithm. The robustness of the numerical model is assessed by comparing the numerical outcomes to the local experimental data available in literature.
Simplified numerical modelling of infrared radiation effects in tomato dry peeling
Authors: Cuccurullo G , Giordano L
Published: May 2019

In view of the increasing interest in developing sustainable systems for tomato peeling, the unsteady thermal field in a rotating tomato exposed to an array of infrared emitters was studied. First, a predictive 3D numerical model was developed to simulate heat transfer in a rotating tomato undergoing infrared heating. Since simulations required great computational efforts, it was considered appropriate to introduce a simplified model. To this purpose, the net radiative heat flux on the tomato surface was approximated by a suitable periodic function: the related angular velocity accounted for tomato rotation, while its amplitude was linked up with view factors between the tomato and the heating source. On such basis, a 1D axisymmetric model involving radiative heating from the source regarded as a periodic II-type boundary condition was set up. It was found that temperatures predicted by the simplified model agreed well with the 3D model output. Finally, a parametric analysis was performed to investigate the effect of the position and angular velocity of the tomato samples on the rate and uniformity of IR heating. Results were pursued both by the 3D and 1D model, in the latter case obtaining faster yet accurate responses.
Low-order dynamic model of a domestic electric oven Part I: Experimental characterization of the main heating functions
Authors: Lucchi Michael , Lorenzini Marco , Di Paola Vincenzo
Published: May 2019

Household electric ovens can be considered as one of the most common domestic appliances and they usually represent a low-efficiency category, whose value ranges between 10% and 12%. Usually, oven energy class is determined by means of a test procedure regulated by the EN 60350-1 European standard, which moreover requires a proper control of the oven centre temperature. However, during normal operating conditions, because of the presence of the food at the centre, the temperature control within the cavity occurs on the basis of the temperature measured by a probe usually placed in the proximity of one of the cavity corners. Any analysis aimed at decreasing energy consumption must therefore be able to model in sufficient detail the thermal behaviour of the appliance, while still retaining a degree of simplicity. Lumped parameter models have proved themselves a suitable choice, but, especially for gray-box and black-box types, their parameters need to be estimated and validated through experiments. In this work, a common household oven (Electrolux) was instrumented in order to investigate the temperature distribution within the appliance as a consequence of the operating conditions adopted, with the subsequent aim to model the dynamic behaviour of the oven.

The oven was set into a cabinet normally used during the energy consumption test, in order to capture the proper thermal dynamics of the system, and the two main heating functions (forced and natural convection) were also investigated in the range 160-240
[openbullet]C. In addition to the temperature measured by the probe (a Pt500 sensor), several thermocouples were placed within the cavity in order to measure the oven centre temperature and to obtain the mean temperatures of walls and heating elements, while one thermocouple of the same type monitored the temperature of the surrounding environment. The number of thermocouples was chosen by trial and error on the basis of modelling needs. Also, four power meters were used to record the electric power consumption of each heating element and the overall electric power absorbed. Since the ultimate goal of this research activity is to create a dynamic model of the oven for control design purposes, the experimental data obtained in the campaign have subsequently been used for this purpose.
Design and commissioning of an experimental facility for performance evaluation of pure and mixed refrigerants
Authors: Molinaroli Luca , Lucchini Andrea , Pietro Maria Colombo Luigi
Published: May 2019

The recent regulations about fluorinated greenhouse gases introduce a rapid phase-down of traditional, environmentally harmful refrigerants. Consequently, new working fluids are continuously appearing on the market, leading to the need of testing them to analyse their performance before making an ultimate choice. In the present paper, a test rig built to carry out experimental studies on different refrigerant in a drop-in application is described and first results for the set-up commissioning are commented. The experimental campaign was carried out in typical water-to-water heat pump operating conditions, varying the cold water temperature at evaporator inlet from 10 °C to 20 °C, with a step of 2.5 °C, and hot water temperature at condenser inlet from 30 °C to 50 °C, with a step of 10 °C and the compressor shaft rotational frequency from 30 Hz to 80 Hz, with a step of 10 Hz. The first findings demonstrate that the experimental results of some key performance parameters, namely heating capacity, COP and compressor volumetric efficiency, agree well with open literature trends, allowing to state that the experimental facility was correctly designed and can be used to deep the analysis on performance assessment of new refrigerants in a drop-in application.
Comparison of two hygroscopic materials for a solar-assisted desiccant-based air handling unit
Authors: Roselli C , Sasso M , Tariello F
Published: May 2019

Solar-driven air-conditioning systems are an interesting solution to reduce greenhouse gas emissions as they are essentially powered with a renewable energy source. Among the solar heating and cooling systems, desiccant-based air handling units (AHUs) are a very promising alternative as they require low temperature thermal energy for operation in cooling mode. In this paper the experimental plant of University of Sannio (Benevento, Southern Italy), consisting of an AHU with a desiccant wheel using as hygroscopic material silica gel is coupled with solar thermal collectors. This AHU has been also simulated with a different material for the desiccant wheel, the MIL101@GO-6 (MILGO). It is a composite material, consisting of graphite oxide dispersed in the MIL101 metal organic framework network structure, that shows a better dehumidification effectiveness. The energy and environmental performance of a desiccant-based solar heating and cooling system with this new material have been evaluated with respect to the conventional AHU based on cooling dehumidification. Yearly based dynamic simulations of the plant serving a university classroom located in Benevento have been performed. Furthermore, a comparison with the air-conditioning system equipped the currently adopted material (silica gel) has been carried out too. The optimal plant configuration varying collector type (flat plate and evacuated tube), tilt angle and surface has been found.
LCT, PIV and IR Imaging Detection in Selected Technical and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Stasiek Jan , Jewartowski Marcin
Published: May 2019

Thermochromic liquid crystals (TLC), Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Infrared Imaging Themography (IR) have been successfully used in non-intrusive technical, industrial and biomedical studies and applications. These four tools (based on the desktop computers) have come together during the past two decades to produce a powerful advanced experimental technique as a judgment of quality of information that cannot be obtained from any other imaging procedure. The brief summary of the history of this technique is reviewed, principal methods and tools are described and some examples are presented. With this objective, a new experimental technique have been developed and applied to the study of heat and mass transfer and for biomedical diagnosis. Automated evaluation allows determining the heat and flow visualisation and locate the area of suspicious tissue of human body.
Numerical simulation of a turbulent Lead Bismuth Eutectic flow inside a 19 pin nuclear reactor bundle with a four logarithmic parameter turbulence model
Authors: Chierici Andrea , Chirco Leonardo , Da Vià Roberto , Manservisi Sandro
Published: May 2019

Computational Fluid Dynamic allows scientists and engineers to investigate fluid flow in complex geometries and evaluate heat transfer between a solid body and a fluid. In the present paper we study the heat transfer of a Lead Bismuth Eutectic (LBE) turbulent flow in a bare 19 pin nuclear reactor bundle. When dealing with low Prandtl number fluids, like LBE for which Pr = 0.025, proper turbulence models are needed to improve the prediction of heat transfer. We use here a four logarithmic parameter turbulence model in order to calculate Reynolds stresses and turbulent heat flux. In particular, an equation for temperature fluctuations and one for their dissipation are solved. These variables are used to model thermal characteristic time scales. The results are reported for different values of the Peclet number and a fixed value of the pitch to diameter ratio. The obtained values of the Nusselt number are compared with experimental correlations, that can be found in literature, and with the ones obtained using a Simple Eddy Diffusivity model, where the eddy thermal diffusivity is calculated as proportional to eddy viscosity through a modeled turbulent Prandtl number.