bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
African-American caregivers’ perspectives on aggressive behaviors in dementia
Authors: Hansen Bryan R , Hodgson Nancy A , Gitlin Laura N
Published: March 2018

Purpose

Although African-American dementia caregivers report less upset and more confidence managing aggressive behaviors when compared to whites, their contextual experience remains unclear and this study explores that context.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews with 13 African-American family caregivers were analyzed using content analysis.

Results

Two themes emerged, “It’s the disease…not the person” and “You got to pick your battles.” “It’s the disease…not the person,” reframing aggressive behavior, included three sub-themes. Sometimes the person with dementia seemed like a stranger but caregivers remembered “In there somewhere is that person.” Aggressive behavior made this perspective difficult as they reported, “Sometimes it’s hard not to take it personal.” Premorbid dyadic conflict made caregiving difficult but caregivers remembered they were “Not who they were then.” “You got to pick your battles,” reflecting cognitive and behavioral strategies, also included three sub-themes. Participants prioritized caregiving over other commitments by reminding themselves “I got to do what I gotta do.” Preventing aggressive behaviors was most successful when “We didn’t argue…we didn’t insist” and caregivers remembered “Don’t put her in a position to fail” when involving the person with dementia in activities.

Implications

African-American caregivers described substantial challenges when confronted by aggressive behaviors. Strategies employed by caregivers enabled them to maintain a caring perspective and the person with dementia to maintain calm. Interventions that help caregivers manage aggressive behaviors may benefit by considering the challenges, cultural values, and effective strategies used by African-Americans.
Reliability and Validity Testing of the Quality of Life in Late-Stage Dementia Scale
Authors: Resnick Barbara , Galik Elizabeth , Kolanowski Ann , Van Haitsma Kimberly , Boltz Marie , Ellis Jeanette , Behrens Liza , Flanagan Nina M.
Published: March 2018

Background/rationale:

This study tested the psychometric properties of the Quality of Life in Late-Stage Dementia (QUALID) Scale using Rasch analysis. The QUALID includes 11 items with a 5-point response scale. Scores range from 11 to 55, and lower scores indicate higher quality of life (QoL).

Methods:

Baseline data from a randomized clinical trial including 137 residents from 14 nursing homes were used. Psychometric testing included item mapping, evaluation of response categories, item reliability, construct validity based on INFIT and OUTFIT statistics, and convergent validity based on correlations between QoL and pain, agitation, depression, and function.

Results:

The Cronbach α was .89. All the items except “appears physically uncomfortable” fit the model. There was a significant relationship between QoL and depressive symptoms ( r = .71, P = .001), pain ( r = .26, P = .01), physical function ( r = −.19, P = .03), and agitation ( r = .56, P = .001). The categories were appropriately used. Item mapping suggested a need for easier items.
The Evaluation of Aortic Diameter Changes During Long-Term Follow-Up After Endovascular Treatment of Acute Blunt Traumatic Thoracic Aortic Injuries
Authors: Fontana Federico , Macchi Edoardo , Piacentino Filippo , Cardim Larissa Nocchi , Marchi Giuseppe De , Barbosa Fabiane , Piffaretti Gabriele , Novario Raffaele , Rampoldi Antonio Gaetano , Fugazzola Carlo
Published: March 2018

Purpose:

To evaluate the variations in aortic diameters and long-term results in patients who underwent thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for acute blunt traumatic thoracic aortic injuries (BTTAIs).

Materials and Methods:

We retrospectively evaluated 23 patients with a mean age of 39 years (range: 17-74 years) who underwent TEVAR for BTTAI between October 2000 and November 2014. All of the patients underwent computed tomography angiography (CTA) before hospital discharge as a baseline imaging for the subsequent follow-up examinations. The technical success, overall survival, and complications were evaluated. Furthermore, the aortic diameters outside of the stent-graft (1 cm proximal and 1 cm distal to the stent-graft) and the aortic diameters within the stent-graft (2 cm distal to the proximal end and 2 cm proximal to the distal end) were assessed. The diameters at baseline on CTA were compared with those of the latest available follow-up examination.

Results:

Technical success was 100% with a mean follow-up of 65.4 months (range: 12-171 months). No death was registered, and 2 (8.7%) of 23 endograft-related complications (1 stent-graft distal infolding and 1 endoleak 2 and 4 months after the procedure, respectively) were observed. An increase in aortic diameter either proximal or distal to the stent-graft (mean value 0.7 and 0.5 mm, respectively) or within the stent-graft (mean value of 0.5 mm for both proximal and distal diameters) was registered (mean follow-up at 65.4 months, range: 12-171 months).

Conclusion:

Aortic dilatation following TEVAR for BTTAI is minimal during long-term follow-up. Endovascular treatment represents a durable and safe option in acute BTTAIs.
The Use of Barbed Suture for Intracorporeal Mechanical Anastomosis During a Totally Laparoscopic Right Colectomy: Is It Safe? A Retrospective Nonrandomized Comparative Multicenter Study
Authors: Bracale Umberto , Merola Giovanni , Cabras Francesco , Andreuccetti Jacopo , Corcione Francesco , Pignata Giusto
Published: March 2018

Background. A totally laparoscopic right colectomy could be perceived as a more challenging procedure over a laparoscopic-assisted right colectomy owing to the difficulty of intracorporeal anastomosis and the closure of the enterotomy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the barbed auto-locking absorbable suture for the closure of an anastomotic stapler-access enterotomy during a totally laparoscopic right colectomy. Methods. From January 2010 to April 2016, data from patients who had undergone a laparoscopic right colectomy in 2 different departments of 2 institutions (the Department of General and Minimally Invasive Surgery, San Camillo Hospital in Trento and the Department of Surgical Specialties and Nephrology, University Federico II in Naples) were retrospectively analyzed. We compared the data of patients in whom the stapler-access enterotomy was closed through a conventional absorbable suture (Group A), with the data of patients in whom a stapler-access enterotomy was closed through a V-Loc 180 suture (Group B). Biometric features and intraoperative and postoperative data were collected and analyzed. Results. The 2 groups (Group A: 40 patients; Group B: 40 patients) were comparable for biometric features and postoperative outcomes. The anastomosing time was lower in Group B. A statistically significant difference was noted in the mean operative time between Groups A and B (Group A = 134.92 ± 34.17; Group B = 120.92 ± 23.27, P = .035). Only one anastomotic leakage per group was recorded, each treated with an anastomosis redo. During the reoperations, we find in both groups an intact stapler-access enterotomy. Conclusion. On retrospective analysis, barbed suture appears to be safe and efficient for closure of the stapler-access enterotomy during totally laparoscopic right colectomy.
The Effect of Testosterone Replacement Therapy on Penile Hemodynamics in Hypogonadal Men With Erectile Dysfunction, Having Veno-Occlusive Dysfunction
Authors: Efesoy Ozan , Çayan Selahittin , Akbay Erdem
Published: March 2018

Hypogonadism may cause veno-occlusive dysfunction (VOD) by structural and biochemical alterations in the cavernosal tissue. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on penile hemodynamics in hypogonadal men with erectile dysfunction and VOD.

The study included 32 hypogonadal men with erectile dysfunction, having VOD. All patients underwent penile color Doppler ultrasonography (PCDU) at the beginning and 6 months after the initial evaluation. Erectile function was evaluated with the 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5); hypogonadism was evaluated by testosterone measurement and the Aging Male Symptoms (AMS) scale. All patients received transdermal testosterone 50 mg/day for 6 months. Clinical and radiological findings were compared before and 6 months after the TRT.

The mean age was 58.81 ± 4.56 (52–69) years. Mean total testosterone levels were 181.06 ± 39.84 ng/dL and 509.00 ± 105.57 ng/dL before and after the therapy, respectively ( p < .001). While all patients had physiological serum testosterone levels (>320 ng/dL) after the therapy, three cases (9.3%) had no clinical improvement of hypogonadism symptoms. Cavernosal artery peak systolic velocity (PSV) and resistive index (RI) significantly increased, and end diastolic velocity (EDV) significantly decreased after TRT. VOD no longer existed in 21 (65.6%) of the cases.

This study demonstrated that TRT may restore penile hemodynamics in hypogonadal men with VOD.
Association Between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Severe Male Reproductive Organ Impairment (Germinal Epithelial Loss): Study on a Mouse Model and on Human Patients
Authors: López-Lemus Uriel A. , Garza-Guajardo Raquel , Barboza-Quintana Oralia , Rodríguez-Hernandez Alejandrina , García-Rivera Alejandro , Madrigal-Pérez Violeta M. , Guzmán-Esquivel José , García-Labastida Laura E. , Soriano-Hernández Alejandro D. , Martínez-Fierro Margarita L. , Rodríguez-Sánchez Iram P. , Sánchez-Duarte Elizabeth , Cabrera-Licona Ariana , Ceja-Espiritu Gabriel , Delgado-Enciso Iván
Published: March 2018

Metabolic syndrome (MS) has been associated with testicular damage. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multisystemic disease that affects different organs, but its effect on the testes is unknown. A study analyzing germ cell involvement on BALB/c mice was carried out. A parallel comparative study was conducted that investigated alterations in the germinal epithelium of male humans that died from an unrelated acute event. The complete medical histories and histologic samples of the thoracic aorta, liver tissue, and testicular tissue from the deceased subjects were collected. The degree of germinal epithelial loss (DGEL) was evaluated and the clinical and histologic data were compared between individuals with and without NAFLD. The only metabolic or morphologic variable that caused a significant difference in the DGEL, in both the animal model and humans, was the presence of liver steatosis. The percentage of steatosis was also correlated with the percentage of the DGEL. In humans, steatosis (greater than 20%) increased the risk 12-fold for presenting with a severe DGEL (OR: 12.5; 95% CI [1.2, 128.9]; p = .03). There was no association with age above 50 years or MS components. Steatosis grade was also correlated with atherosclerosis grade. NAFLD was a strongly associated factor implicated in severe DGEL, as well as the testis was identified as a probable target organ for damage caused by the disease. This finding could result in the search for new approach strategies in the management of men with fertility problems. Further studies are required to confirm these results.
“Do You Want to Go Forward or Do You Want to Go Under?” Men’s Mental Health in and Out of Prison
Authors: Oliffe John L. , Hanberg Debra , Hannan-Leith Madeline N. , Bergen Cara , Martin Ruth Elwood
Published: March 2018

More than 11 million people are currently imprisoned worldwide, with the vast majority of incarcerated individuals being male. Hypermasculine environments in prison are often tied to men’s health risks, and gathering information about mental health is fundamental to improving prison as well as community services. The purpose of the current study was to describe the connections between masculinities and men’s mental health among prisoners transitioning into and out of a Canadian federal correctional facility. Two focus groups were conducted with a total of 18 men who had recently been released from a federal correctional facility. The focus group interviews were analyzed to inductively derive patterns pertaining to men’s mental health challenges and resiliencies “on the inside” and “on the outside.” Participant’s challenges in prison related to heightened stresses associated with being incarcerated and the negative impact on preexisting mental illness including imposed changes to treatment regimens. Men’s resiliencies included relinquishing aggression and connecting to learn from other men “on the inside.” Mental health challenges “on the outside” included a lack of work skills and finances which increased the barriers that many men experienced when trying to access community-based mental health services. Mental health resiliencies employed by participants “on the outside” included self-monitoring and management to reduce negative thoughts, avoiding substance use and attaining adequate exercise and sleep. The current study findings offer practice and policy guidance to advance the well-being of this vulnerable subgroup of men in as well as out of prison.
Study on driver’s turning intention recognition hybrid model of GHMM and GGAP-RBF neural network
Authors: Wang Shu , Yu Qiang , Zhao Xuan
Published: March 2018

The accuracy and real time are crucial in turning intention recognition. Therefore, a hybrid model of Gaussian mixture hidden Markov and generalized growing and pruning algorithm for radial basis function neural network is constructed to recognize driver turning intention real timely. The feature parameters of the driving intention identification are determined using principal component analysis. The turning initial stage is selected for identifying turning intention, thus improving the real time of hybrid model. Using support vector machine model and Gaussian mixture hidden Markov model and Gaussian mixture hidden Markov model/generalized growing and pruning algorithm for radial basis function hybrid model, driver turning intention is identified in normal turning and sharp turning. The results show that Gaussian mixture hidden Markov model/generalized growing and pruning algorithm for radial basis function hybrid model identifies turning intention accurately and more efficiently. The accuracy is as high as 96.88% in the normal turning, which is 24.53% higher than that obtained using the Gaussian mixture hidden Markov model and 25.88% higher than that obtained using the support vector machine. The recognition in the turning initial stage is 1.8 s quicker than that in the turning keeping stage. The identification accuracy and real time of hybrid model are substantially better than those of the Gaussian mixture hidden Markov model and support vector machine, especially in the normal turning. When applied in control systems, this method can improve the safety and comfort of vehicle operation and reduce the burden of drivers.
Analysis of dynamic stability of nonlinear suspension
Authors: Yao Jun , Zhang Jin Qiu , Zhao Ming Mei , Wei Zi Jian
Published: March 2018

The vehicle is excited by the road surface while traveling. The vehicle suspensions play a significant role not only in damping out the vibrations created due to the excitation but also in maintaining the stability of the entire system. In this article, the dynamic stability of nonlinear suspension under this excitation is analyzed. The mathematic model for the suspension is established, the nonlinear vibration caused by sprung mass vibration is solved and frequency curves are obtained. Both the characteristics of the stable solution and the related parameters affecting the unstable region are analyzed. The numeric solution reveals the existence of a critical excitation value. When the excitation is within this critical value, the sprung mass vibration is stable; when the excitation is greater than the critical value, an unstable frequency band with the jumping phenomenon is observed. Under the same excitation acceleration, a decrease in damping coefficient results in an increase in both the amplitude and unstable frequency band, all falling into the unstable region which is getting larger. The increase in nonlinear stiffness of spring leads to the same maximum vibration amplitude shifting to the right and a larger unstable frequency band falling into the downward movement unstable region. All these indicate that there exists mutation in the amplitude of vehicle vibration, which endangers the stability of the vehicle while traveling.
Erectile dysfunction
Authors: Schartau Patricia , Nazareth Irwin , Muneer Asif , Kirby Mike
Published: March 2018

Erectile dysfunction is a common, but treatable, condition. Where appropriate, modification of lifestyle factors, medication optimisation and oral pharmacotherapies can be initiated in primary care. Early recognition and management will improve the quality of life of affected individuals and partners, and may avert relationship problems, negative body image and poor mental health. Erectile dysfunction is also an important early warning sign for conditions such as cardiovascular disease. This article considers the aetiology and risk factors for erectile dysfunction, identifies common clinical features, outlines primary care assessment and treatment, and discusses referral criteria. Treatment options available in secondary care are also reviewed.
Fractures of the Lateral Process of the Talus With Associated Ankle Instability: A Report of 2 Cases
Authors: Killen Maire-Clare , Karpe Prasad , Limaye Rajiv
Published: March 2018

Fractures of the lateral process of the talus are uncommon, but often overlooked. They can result in significant functional deficit with residual nonunion and arthritis if not recognized and treated appropriately. We describe 2 cases of such injuries, one with acute recognition and management, and one with delayed diagnosis and nonunion. In both cases, pain from the fracture was accompanied by symptoms of instability requiring simultaneous lateral ligament reconstruction along with fracture fixation. Evaluation of patients with lateral process fractures should include assessment of the lateral ligaments; ankle instability may need to be surgically addressed along with intervention for fracture fixation.

Levels of Evidence: Level IV: Case report
The Long-Term Impact of Service Failure and Recovery
Authors: Norvell Tim , Kumar Piyush , Dass Mayukh
Published: March 2018

This article examines customers’ short-term attitudinal and long-term behavioral responses to service failures and recovery efforts. Our data from a tracking study of casual dining restaurants customers indicate that those who did not experience any failure were more satisfied than those who experienced successful recovery following a failure. The satisfactory recovery group, in turn, was more satisfied than customers who either did not complain or were not successfully recovered following their complaints. Importantly, the pattern of brand patronage over the medium and long run differed substantially from the short-term variation in satisfaction levels across the four customer groups. In the medium term, the brand visitation frequency for those who never experienced failure was similar to those of customers who were successfully recovered. The visitation frequencies of customers who did not complain or were not successfully recovered were lower. However, over the long run, the visitation pattern changed substantially, and those who never experienced failure had higher brand patronage frequency than all the three remaining groups that behaved relatively similarly. These results suggest that customers make a distinction between the qualities of the core service and the recovery effort. Although successful recovery temporarily compensates for core failure, its positive influence dissipates over time. In the longer term, customers’ complaining behavior and the firm’s recovery efforts matters less and customers’ brand patronage depends largely on whether or not they experienced core service failure. Nevertheless, firms can recover their investments in service recovery because of increased brand patronage in the medium term.
Spontaneously reported adverse drug events related to tapentadol and oxycodone/naloxone in Australia
Authors: Abeyaratne Carmen , Lalic Samanta , Bell J. Simon , Ilomäki Jenni
Published: March 2018

Background:

The rapid increase in prescribing and use of opioids for noncancer pain has coincided with an increase in opioid-related adverse drug events (ADEs). The objective of our study was to describe ADEs related to tapentadol and oxycodone/naloxone spontaneously reported to the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA).

Methods:

Public case detail reports for tapentadol (September 2013–March 2017) and oxycodone/naloxone (April 2011–March 2017) were sourced from the TGA. The total number of public case detail reports for tapentadol were 104 and 249 for oxycodone/naloxone. Demographic characteristics of patients, concomitant medications, causality assessment and outcome were described for each opioid according to the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) system organ class.

Results:

The most prevalent ADEs for tapentadol were nervous system disorders ( n = 52, 50%), psychiatric ( n = 34, 32.7%), gastrointestinal ( n = 18, 17.3%), and general disorders and administration site conditions ( n = 21, 20.2%). Sixteen (23.2%) of 69 nervous system disorders reaction terms were consistent with serotonin syndrome of which 14 (87.5%) involved documented coadministration with another serotonergic medication. The most prevalent ADEs for oxycodone/naloxone were psychiatric disorders ( n = 78, 31.3%), gastrointestinal ( n = 73, 29.3%), general disorders and administration site conditions ( n = 87, 35%), and nervous system disorders ( n = 62, 24.9%). There were 40 (16%) public case detail reports for oxycodone/naloxone with the MedDRA reaction terms ‘drug withdrawal syndrome’ and ‘withdrawal syndrome’.

Conclusion:

The profiles of spontaneous ADE reports for tapentadol and oxycodone/naloxone are largely consistent with their premarketing randomized controlled studies and profiles of opioids in general. Further research into the risk of serotonin syndrome with tapentadol use is warranted. The ADEs suggest clinicians should be cautious when switching patients to oxycodone/naloxone from other opioids.
The willingness and attitude of patients towards self-administration of medication in hospital
Authors: Vanwesemael Toke , Boussery Koen , van den Bemt Patricia , Dilles Tinne
Published: March 2018

Background:

Literature suggests a positive impact of self-administration of medication during hospitalization on medication adherence and safety, and on patient satisfaction. However, self-administration is not a common practice in Belgian hospitals. The aim of this study was to describe patients’ willingness towards self-administration of medication while in hospital.

Methods:

A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in three Belgian hospitals in November and December 2015. All patients of 14 randomly selected wards were asked to participate. The structured questionnaire comprised patient characteristics, their willingness and attitude towards self-administration of medication, perceived ability to self-administer during hospitalization, and prerequisites and perceived consequences.

Results:

In total, 124 patients participated (36% of all eligible patients). The main reasons not to participate were the patients’ physical and mental condition (30%) and the absence of patients during the time of data collection (23%). The majority of the 124 participating patients had a positive attitude towards the implementation of self-administration; 83.9% were willing to self-administer their medication while in hospital. Most important prerequisites were self-administration at home before and after hospitalization, patients’ motivation, and a regular evaluation of the patients’ competences. Patients acknowledged benefits such as an increase in autonomy, independence and medication knowledge. Patients did not expect self-administration would cause important safety issues.

Conclusion:

The majority of patients, capable of participating in the study, would want to self-administer medication during hospitalization. They had a positive attitude towards self-administration of medication. Nevertheless, patients stated important conditions which need to be considered in order to implement self-administration.
Endothelial biomarkers in human sepsis: pathogenesis and prognosis for ARDS
Authors: Hendrickson Carolyn M. , Matthay Michael A.
Published: March 2018

Experimental models of sepsis in small and large animals and a variety of in vitro preparations have established several basic mechanisms that drive endothelial injury. This review is focused on what can be learned from the results of clinical studies of plasma biomarkers of endothelial injury and inflammation in patients with sepsis. There is excellent evidence that elevated plasma levels of several biomarkers of endothelial injury, including von Willebrand factor antigen (VWF), angiopoietin‐2 (Ang‐2), and soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFLT‐1), and biomarkers of inflammation, especially interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor (sTNFr), identify sepsis patients with a higher mortality. There are also some data that elevated levels of endothelial biomarkers can identify which patients with non‐pulmonary sepsis will develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). If ARDS patients are divided among those with indirect versus direct lung injury, then there is an association of elevated levels of endothelial biomarkers in indirect injury and markers of inflammation and alveolar epithelial injury in patients with direct lung injury. New research suggests that the combination of biologic and clinical markers may make it possible to segregate patients with ARDS into hypo‐ versus hyper‐inflammatory phenotypes that may have implications for therapeutic responses to fluid therapy. Taken together, the studies reviewed here support a primary role of the microcirculation in the pathogenesis and prognosis of ARDS after sepsis. Biological differences identified by molecular patterns could explain heterogeneity of treatment effects that are not explained by clinical factors alone.
Refugees and Network Publics on Twitter: Networked Framing, Affect, and Capture
Authors: Siapera Eugenia , Boudourides Moses , Lenis Sergios , Suiter Jane
Published: March 2018

This article constitutes a big data study of Twitter during the peak of the so-called refugee crisis in the period between October 2015 and May 2016. The article analyzed almost 7.5 million tweets collected through hashtags such as #refugee, #refugeecrisis, # flüchtling, and others. Theoretically, the article draws on concepts such as hybrid media, affective publics, networked framing, and voice. In the context of any increasingly hybrid media, we ask what are the frames on refugees that emerge on Twitter, who are the emerging elites, and to what extent do these frames represent alternative voices. Overall, the findings indicate that overall, the dominant frames remain the same, revolving around security and safety on one hand and humanitarianism on the other. The study also identified some explicitly racist hashtags linked to some of the security and safety frames. Elite politicians, media, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) represent the most prominent actors. In general, the refugee issue on Twitter was found to be subsumed and instrumentalized by political interests. Affect and networked frames are captured by and within a specific political position that we found revolving around the personage of Donald Trump and the increasingly strident anti-immigration voices in Europe. In these terms, the results indicate that Twitter’s contribution to the refugee debate is profoundly equivocal.
The Positive Benefits of Negative Movement Patterns Following Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Christensen Jesse C. , Foreman K. Bo , LaStayo Paul C.
Published: March 2018

Introduction:

Eccentric (negative) resistance exercise of the legs using specialized machines has been reported to be useful and often superior to standard exercise following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Movements that utilize body mass and gravity as a mode of eccentric resistance exercise in a more pragmatic rehabilitation paradigm may also be useful in reversing chronic muscle impairments observed years following surgery. This study explores whether an eccentrically biased, body mass resistance exercise induces greater magnitude of sagittal plane extensor angular impulse of the support torque and individual net joint torque contributions during both squatting and lunging movement patterns 6 weeks following TKA.

Methods:

Cross-sectional laboratory-based study design including 10 patients following primary unilateral TKA (6.5 ± 0.8 weeks.). All patients completed 3 trials of the squat and lunge movement pattern under both a concentric and an eccentric condition. Extensor angular impulse of the support torque and net joint torque contributions were calculated by integrating the joint torque versus time curves. A Two-way analysis of covariance was conducted and contracts of clinical interest were computed using Wald posttest. P Values for all pairwise comparisons were adjusted for multiplicity using Bonferroni multiple comparison procedure.

Results:

The eccentric condition, compared to the concentric condition, displayed larger magnitude of extensor angular impulse during both the squat ( P < .001) and lunge ( P < .001) movement patterns for the support torques. Similarly, the eccentric condition, compared to the concentric condition, displayed larger magnitude of extensor angular impulse of the hip, knee, and ankle ( P < .001) during both movement patterns.

Conclusion:

Eccentrically biased, body mass movement exercises can produce higher levels of extensor angular impulse on the surgical limb in patients early after TKA. Patients in this study were able to tolerate the higher extensor angular impulse demands and performed the eccentrically biased conditions (without specialized machines) that could be beneficial in postoperative rehabilitation.
Relationship Between Pitching a Complete Game and Spending Time on the Disabled List for Major League Baseball Pitchers
Authors: Erickson Brandon J. , Chalmers Peter N. , Romeo Anthony A. , Ahmad Christopher S.
Published: March 2018

Background:

Injury rates among Major League Baseball pitchers have been increasing over the past several years. It is currently unknown whether pitching a complete game (CG) is a risk factor for spending time on the disabled list (DL).

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between pitching a CG and time on the DL. We hypothesized that pitchers who threw a CG (1) would be at increased risk for spending time on the DL, which would be earlier in the season and for a longer period, than those who did not and (2) would be at further increased risk for spending time on the DL during subsequent seasons than matched controls.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

Pitchers who threw a CG between 2010 and 2016 at the major league level and were placed on the DL during the same season were included. Timing and length of period on the DL were determined, as well as placement on the DL during subsequent seasons. Matched controls who did not throw a CG were assessed for time spent on the DL during that season and subsequent seasons.

Results:

Overall, 246 individual pitchers (501 pitcher-seasons) threw at least 1 CG between 2010 and 2016. Of the pitcher-seasons, 370 (73.9%) included a period on the DL, as compared with only 20% of controls. There were no differences in length of time on the DL ( P = .928) or days from season start to time on the DL ( P = .861) between pitchers who threw a CG and controls. Pitchers who threw a CG were significantly more likely than controls to spend subsequent seasons on the DL (1.9 ± 1.1 vs 0.5 ± 0.9, P < .001).

Conclusion:

Overall, 74% of pitchers who threw a CG spent time on the DL, as compared with 20% of controls. Pitchers who threw a CG during the study period spent more time in subsequent seasons on the DL than did matched controls who did not throw a CG.
Quantitative Anatomic Analysis of the Medial Ulnar Collateral Ligament Complex of the Elbow
Authors: Camp Christopher L. , Jahandar Hamidreza , Sinatro Alec M. , Imhauser Carl W. , Altchek David W. , Dines Joshua S.
Published: March 2018

Background:

A more detailed assessment of the anatomy of the entire medial ulnar collateral ligament complex (MUCLC) is desired as the rate of medial elbow reconstruction surgery continues to rise.

Purpose:

To quantify the anatomy of the MUCLC, including the anterior bundle (AB), posterior bundle (PB), and transverse ligament (TL).

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Ten unpaired, fresh-frozen cadaveric elbows underwent 3-dimensional (3D) digitization and computed tomography with 3D reconstruction. Ligament footprint areas and geometries, distances to key bony landmarks, and isometry were determined. A surgeon digitized the visual center of each footprint, and this location was compared with the geometric centroid calculated from the outline of the digitized footprint.

Results:

The mean surface area of the AB was 324.2 mm2, with an origin footprint of 32.3 mm2 and an elongated insertional footprint of 187.6 mm2 (length, 29.7 mm). The mean area of the PB was 116.6 mm2 (origin, 25.9 mm2; insertion, 15.8 mm2), and the mean surface area of the TL was 134.5 mm2 (origin, 21.2 mm2; insertion, 16.7 mm2). The geometric centroids of all footprints could be predicted within 0.8 to 1.3 mm, with the exception of the AB insertion centroid, which was 7.6 mm distal to the perceived center at the apex of the sublime tubercle. While the PB remained relatively isometric from 0° to 90° of flexion ( P = .606), the AB lengthened by 2.2 mm ( P < .001).

Conclusion:

Contrary to several historical reports, the insertional footprint of the AB was larger, elongated, and tapered. The TL demonstrated a previously unrecognized expansive soft tissue insertion directly onto the AB, and additional analysis of the biomechanical contribution of this structure is needed.

Clinical Relevance:

These findings may serve as a foundation for future study of the MUCLC and help refine current surgical reconstruction techniques.
Support for Self-Management and Prenatal Health Behavior Change: Implications for Pediatric Promotion of Interconception Care
Authors: Gregory Emily F. , Wright Charmaine S. , Matone Meredith , Rubin David M. , Lorch Scott A.
Published: March 2018

Pediatricians increasingly endorse a dual generation approach to health, in which parental health behaviors are recognized as critical to promoting child health. Positive parental behaviors often emerge during pregnancy, for reasons that remain incompletely described. We surveyed mothers in the immediate postpartum period to identify beliefs about health behavior change and characteristics of prenatal care associated with successful change. Sampling at a tertiary care hospital captured an English-speaking adult population with healthy infants. Respondents (n = 225) were predominantly non-Hispanic Black (64%) and Medicaid insured (44%). Most (71%) reported successful behavior change during pregnancy. Of those reporting change, 91% intended to sustain behaviors postnatally. Most believed that sustained change was important for their own health (94%) and their infant’s health (93%). In logistic regression, support for self-management was associated with prenatal health behavior change (odds ratio = 1.64, 95% confidence interval = 1.09-2.46). Continued support for self-management by pediatricians may benefit long-term family health.
Testing the role of barriers in shaping segregation profiles: The importance of visualizing the local neighborhood
Authors: Kramer Rory
Published: March 2018

“Egocentric” segregation profiles allow researchers to avoid a reliance on a priori definitions of local neighborhoods that contribute an unknown amount of error to measures of segregation. To date, however, such profiles have used distance-decay techniques that rely on “as the crow flies” measures of space. Yet we know that major roads, railroads, and other physical attributes of space mean that such techniques may introduce error into the measurement and visualization of residential segregation. Here, I use a variation on standard smoothing techniques that allows the smoothing function to vary based on a second variable of interest, in this case, the location of major roads, railroads, and nonresidential land use. Using Philadelphia as a case study due to access to detailed land-use data, I show that barriers do not affect observed values of city-level racial and ethnic dissimilarity. Visualizing the impact of barriers on local neighborhoods, however, shows that while barriers may not affect city-wide indexes of segregation, they continue to powerfully shape local experiences of the city, including protecting new immigrant ethnic enclaves, wealthy white neighborhoods, and also isolating high-poverty, predominantly black neighborhoods in different parts of the city.
谈甲骨文中旧释作地名的“曾”字
Authors: 韩宇娇
Published: March 2018

摘要

“曾”在甲骨文中常作地名，学者多引用屯南卜辞 815、1098 和花园庄东地甲骨卜辞 294 中的“曾”来说明商 代曾国的方位，本文结合辞例与传世文献中的用法分析认为这些卜辞中的“曾”并非作为地名或国名使用，而 是一种副词用法，表示顺承关系，与传世文献中“则”的一种用法类似，因此不能据之来说明商代曾国的地理 位置。
B-cell tumor development in Tet2-deficient mice
Authors: Mouly Enguerran , Ghamlouch Hussein , Della-Valle Veronique , Scourzic Laurianne , Quivoron Cyril , Roos-Weil Damien , Pawlikowska Patrycja , Saada Véronique , Diop M’Boyba K. , Lopez Cécile K. , Fontenay Michaela , Dessen Philippe , Touw Ivo P. , Mercher Thomas , Aoufouchi Said , Bernard Olivier A.
Published: March 2018

Key Points

Tet2 is a tumor suppressor in B cells. Loss of Tet2 in B cells leads to age-dependent transformation that requires AID.
Coherence attribute applications on seismic data in various guises — Part 1
Authors: Chopra Satinder , Marfurt Kurt J.
Published: March 2018

The iconic coherence attribute is very useful for imaging geologic features such as faults, deltas, submarine canyons, karst collapse, mass-transport complexes, and more. In addition to its preconditioning, the interpretation of discrete stratigraphic features on seismic data is also limited by its bandwidth, where in general the data with higher bandwidth yield crisper features than data with lower bandwidth. Some form of spectral balancing applied to the seismic amplitude data can help in achieving such an objective so that coherence run on spectrally balanced seismic data yields a better definition of the geologic features of interest. The quality of the generated coherence attribute is also dependent in part on the algorithm used for its computation. In the eigenstructure decomposition procedure for coherence computation, spectral balancing equalizes each contribution to the covariance matrix, and thus it yields crisper features on coherence displays. There are other ways to modify the spectrum of the input data in addition to simple spectral balancing, including the amplitude-volume technique, taking the derivative of the input amplitude, spectral bluing, and thin-bed spectral inversion. We compare some of these techniques, and show their added value in seismic interpretation, which forms part of the more elaborate exercise that we had carried out. In other work, we discuss how different spectral components derived from the input seismic data allow interpretation of different scales of discontinuities, what additional information is provided by coherence computed from narrow band spectra, and the different ways to integrate them.
Rap1, Canoe and Mbt cooperate with Bazooka to promote zonula adherens assembly in the fly photoreceptor
Authors: Walther Rhian F. , Burki Mubarik , Pinal Noelia , Rogerson Clare , Pichaud Franck
Published: March 2018

In Drosophila epithelial cells, apical exclusion of Bazooka (the Drosophila Par3 protein) defines the position of the zonula adherens (ZA), which demarcates the apical and lateral membrane and allows cells to assemble into sheets. Here, we show that the small GTPase Rap1, its effector Canoe (Cno) and the Cdc42 effector kinase Mushroom bodies tiny (Mbt), converge in regulating epithelial morphogenesis by coupling stabilization of the adherens junction (AJ) protein E-Cadherin and Bazooka retention at the ZA. Furthermore, our results show that the localization of Rap1, Cno and Mbt at the ZA is interdependent, indicating that their functions during ZA morphogenesis are interlinked. In this context, we find the Rap1-GEF Dizzy is enriched at the ZA and our results suggest that it promotes Rap1 activity during ZA morphogenesis. Altogether, we propose the Dizzy, Rap1 and Cno pathway and Mbt converge in regulating the interface between Bazooka and AJ material to promote ZA morphogenesis.
Puf3 participates in ribosomal biogenesis in malaria parasites
Authors: Liang Xiaoying , Hart Kevin J. , Dong Gang , Siddiqui Faiza A. , Sebastian Aswathy , Li Xiaolian , Albert Istvan , Miao Jun , Lindner Scott E. , Cui Liwang
Published: March 2018

In this study, we characterized the Puf family gene member Puf3 in the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium yoelii. Secondary structure prediction suggested that the RNA-binding domains of the Puf3 proteins consisted of 11 pumilio repeats that were similar to those in the human Puf-A (also known as PUM3) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Puf6 proteins, which are involved in ribosome biogenesis. Neither P. falciparum (Pf)Puf3 nor P. yoelii (Py)Puf3 could be genetically disrupted, suggesting they may be essential for the intraerythrocytic developmental cycle. Cellular fractionation of PfPuf3 in the asexual stages revealed preferential partitioning to the nuclear fraction, consistent with nuclear localization of PfPuf3::GFP and PyPuf3::GFP as detected by immunofluorescence. Furthermore, PfPuf3 colocalized with the nucleolar marker PfNop1, demonstrating that PfPuf3 is a nucleolar protein in the asexual stages. We found, however, that PyPuf3 changed its localization from being nucleolar to being present in cytosolic puncta in the mosquito and liver stages, which may reflect alternative functions in these stages. Affinity purification of molecules that associated with a PTP-tagged variant of PfPuf3 revealed 31 proteins associated with the 60S ribosome, and an enrichment of 28S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer 2 sequences. Taken together, these results suggest an essential function for PfPuf3 in ribosomal biogenesis.
Tuning orb spider glycoprotein glue performance to habitat humidity
Authors: Opell Brent D. , Jain Dharamdeep , Dhinojwala Ali , Blackledge Todd A.
Published: March 2018

Orb-weaving spiders use adhesive threads to delay the escape of insects from their webs until the spiders can locate and subdue the insects. These viscous threads are spun as paired flagelliform axial fibers coated by a cylinder of solution derived from the aggregate glands. As low molecular mass compounds (LMMCs) in the aggregate solution attract atmospheric moisture, the enlarging cylinder becomes unstable and divides into droplets. Within each droplet an adhesive glycoprotein core condenses. The plasticity and axial line extensibility of the glycoproteins are maintained by hygroscopic LMMCs. These compounds cause droplet volume to track changes in humidity and glycoprotein viscosity to vary approximately 1000-fold over the course of a day. Natural selection has tuned the performance of glycoprotein cores to the humidity of a species' foraging environment by altering the composition of its LMMCs. Thus, species from low-humidity habits have more hygroscopic threads than those from humid forests. However, at their respective foraging humidities, these species' glycoproteins have remarkably similar viscosities, ensuring optimal droplet adhesion by balancing glycoprotein adhesion and cohesion. Optimal viscosity is also essential for integrating the adhesion force of multiple droplets. As force is transferred to a thread's support line, extending droplets draw it into a parabolic configuration, implementing a suspension bridge mechanism that sums the adhesive force generated over the thread span. Thus, viscous capture threads extend an orb spider's phenotype as a highly integrated complex of large proteins and small molecules that function as a self-assembling, highly tuned, environmentally responsive, adhesive biomaterial. Understanding the synergistic role of chemistry and design in spider adhesives, particularly the ability to stick in wet conditions, provides insight in designing synthetic adhesives for biomedical applications.
Education and Mortality: Evidence from a Social Experiment
Authors: Meghir Costas , Palme Mårten , Simeonova Emilia
Published: March 2018

We examine the effects on mortality and health due to a major Swedish educational reform that increased the years of compulsory schooling. Using the gradual phase-in of the reform between 1949 and 1962 across municipalities, we estimate insignificant effects of the reform on mortality in the affected cohort. From the confidence intervals, we can rule out effects larger than 1–1.4 months of increased life expectancy. We find no significant impacts on mortality for individuals of low socioeconomic status backgrounds, on deaths that are more likely to be affected by behavior, on hospitalizations, and consumption of prescribed drugs. (JEL H52, I12, I21, I28)
Neighborhood Sanitation and Infant Mortality
Authors: Geruso Michael , Spears Dean
Published: March 2018

In this paper, we shed new light on a long-standing puzzle: in India, Muslim children are substantially more likely than Hindu children to survive to their first birthday, even though Indian Muslims have lower wealth, consumption, educational attainment, and access to state services. Contrary to the prior literature, we show that the observed mortality advantage accrues not to Muslim households themselves but rather to their neighbors, who are also likely to be Muslim. Investigating mechanisms, we provide a collage of evidence suggesting externalities due to poor sanitation are a channel linking the religious composition of neighborhoods to infant mortality. (JEL I12, I14, J13, O15, Q53, R23, Z12)
Banking the Unbanked? Evidence from Three Countries
Authors: Dupas Pascaline , Karlan Dean , Robinson Jonathan , Ubfal Diego
Published: March 2018

We experimentally test the impact of expanding access to basic bank accounts in Uganda, Malawi, and Chile. Over two years, 17, 10, and 3 percent of treatment individuals made five or more deposits, respectively. Average monthly deposits in treatment accounts were sizable among users, corresponding to the seventy-ninth, ninety-first, and ninety-sixth percentiles of baseline savings. Survey data show no discernible intention-to-treat effects on savings or any downstream outcomes, though we cannot reject large effect sizes for active users. Results suggest that policies merely focused on expanding access to basic accounts are unlikely to improve welfare noticeably on average. (JEL D14, G21, O12, O16)
Do Risk Preferences Change? Evidence from the Great East Japan Earthquake
Authors: Hanaoka Chie , Shigeoka Hitoshi , Watanabe Yasutora
Published: March 2018

We investigate whether individuals' risk preferences change after experiencing a natural disaster, specifically, the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. Exploiting the panels of nationally representative surveys on risk preferences, we find that men who experienced greater intensity of the earthquake became more risk tolerant a year after the Earthquake. Interestingly, the effects on men's risk preferences are persistent even five years after the Earthquake at almost the same magnitude as those shortly after the Earthquake. Furthermore, these men gamble more, which is consistent with the direction of changes in risk preferences. We find no such pattern for women. (JEL D12, D81, J16, Q54)