bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Overshooting in the Core Helium-burning Stage of a 30 M⊙ Star Using the k-ω Model
Authors: Li Yan , Chen Xing-hao , Chen Hai-liang
Published: January 2019

Overshooting and semiconvection are among the most noteworthy uncertainties in the evolution of massive stars. Complete mixing over a certain distance beyond the convective boundary and an exponentially decaying diffusion outside the convection zone are commonly adopted for the overshoot mixing. Recently, Li developed the k-ω model, which can be used in both convection zones and overshooting regions. We incorporated it in calculations of 30 M
⊙ stellar models. We find that in the main-sequence stage, models with the k-ω model are almost identical to models with complete mixing in the overshooting region beyond the convective core, and the overshooting in the k-ω model is equivalent to an overshooting distance of about 0.15 H

P
. In the post -main-sequence stage, we find that the overshooting below the bottom of the intermediate convection zone beyond the hydrogen-burning shell can significantly restrict the size of the hydrogen-depleted core, and can penetrate effectively into the hydrogen-burning shell. These two effects are crucial for the evolution of the core helium-burning stage. During the core helium-burning stage, we find that the overshooting model based on the k-ω model results in a similar complete mixing region but a much wider partial mixing region than the overshooting model based on Herwig. In particular, the overshooting distance in the core helium-burning stage may be significantly smaller than that in the main-sequence phase for massive stars.
Biofilm formation by clinically isolated Staphylococcus Aureus from India
Authors: Triveni Alasthimannahalli Gangadhara , Suresh Kumar Mendem , Manjunath Chavadi , Shivannavar Channappa T , Gaddad Subhaschandra M
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Staphylococcal biofilms are prominent cause for acute and chronic infection both in hospital and community settings across the world. Current study explores biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus isolates from clinical samples by different methods.

Methodology: Standard techniques used for the characterization of S.aureus. Qualitative and quantitative biofilm formation was assessed by Congo red Agar, Tube and Microtiter plate methods.

Results: A total of 188 clinical isolates of S.aureus were screened for biofilm formation and 72 (38.29%) of them were found to be biofilm producers, 34 (18.08%) strong, 38 (20.21%) moderate. The remaining 116 (61.7%) were weak/ non biofilm producers. Maximum biofilm formers were recorded in pus samples (39.06%), followed by isolates from blood (38.23%) and urine (34.61%). Statistical analysis for the formation of biofilm indicated that Microtiter plate method is the most sensitive and specific method for screening biofilm production.

Conclusions: Biofilm formation is one of the influential virulence factor in staphylococcal pathogenesis and persistence. Microtiter plate and Congo red agar remain as reliable methods for the qualitative and quantitative estimation of biofilm formation. Monitoring of biofilm formation in various etiological agents will help in determining the severity of infection.
Epidemiology of soil-transmitted helminths and Schistosoma mansoni: a base-line survey among school children, Ejaji, Ethiopia
Authors: Ibrahim Temam , Zemene Endalew , Asres Yaregal , Seyoum Dinberu , Tiruneh Abebaw , Gedefaw Lealem , Mekonnen Zeleke
Published: January 2019

Introduction: School children are among the high risk groups for soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) and Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) infections in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of STHs and S. mansoni among primary school children.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 15 to March 30, 2016, involving a total of 340 primary school children (age range 6 to 19 years). Socio-demographic and related data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaire. Stool samples were collected from each study participant and examined using direct wet mount and modified Kato-Katz thick smear technique. Intensity of the STHs and S. mansoni were determined by estimating the eggs per gram (EPG) of stool. Factors associated with STH and S. mansoni infections were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression model.

Results: Prevalence of the STHs and S. mansoni were 38.2% and 12.94%, respectively. The main predictors of STH infections among the children studied were being in the age group of 16-19 years, untrimmed finger nail and household latrine unavailability. Moreover, male children, children with habit of swimming and bathing in the river had significantly higher odds of S. mansoni infection. Most of the children infected with the parasites had light infection.

Conclusions: The burden of STHs and S. mansoni was high among the school children. Deworming intervention should be strengthened, along with awareness creation on proper disposal of human excreta and personal hygiene. Regular monitoring of the burden of the parasites and mass drug administration is required.
Epitomapta simentalae sp. n., a new species of apodous sea cucumber from the Central Eastern Pacific coast of Mexico (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea, Apodida)
Authors: Solís-Marín Francisco Alonso , Conejeros-Vargas Carlos Andrés , Caballero-Ochoa Andrea Alejandra , Arriaga-Ochoa Julio Adrian
Published: January 2019

Epitomaptasimentalaesp. n. occurs in depths of 4–10 m off the Mexican Central Pacific coast. It is distinctive in having twelve tentacles, each tentacle with two or three pairs of digits and four to six sensory cups, lacking papillae or oval bumps and in reaching a maximum length of 50 mm in life.
Aléas dans la transmission : auto-engendrement, dette d’altérité et travail d’historisation
Authors: Gaillard Georges
Published: January 2019

Résumé Après avoir revisité quelques mouvements psychiques et quelques enjeux inhérents à l’hypermodernité, nous mettrons l’accent sur les nouages constitutifs des dynamiques de transmission et leurs aléas. Dans un deuxième temps, nous nous attacherons à quelques spécificités de ces mouvements de transmission au sein des institutions du soin, du travail social, etc., en tant que les mouvements qui les traversent condensent nombre d’enjeux qui se jouent ailleurs à bas bruit. Quelques évocations de processus groupaux et institutionnels nous permettront de souligner le travail d’historisation identifiant ce tissage où se conjuguent appui dans la filiation et travail de transformation et de créativité qui incombe à chaque génération.
Le jeune enfant et l’environnement addict : de la transmission à la mise en jeu
Authors: Thomas Maxence , Chatain Guillaume
Published: January 2019

Résumé À partir de deux observations cliniques avec de jeunes enfants gravement impactés par des carences familiales et des parents souffrant de conduites addictives, les auteurs tentent de mettre en évidence les différents processus à l’œuvre à la fois dans la transmission des problématiques addictives et dans la mise en jeu de ces processus dans le dispositif thérapeutique. Ces observations cliniques permettent un éclairage sur la dimension somato-psychique et sensorielle chez l’enfant ayant évolué dans un environnement addictif.
Subjectivation et fantasmes de transmission à l’épreuve du secret
Authors: Moulis Alice , Roques Marjorie
Published: January 2019

Résumé Comment s’approprier ce qui nous a été transmis en secret ? À partir de cette question et de l’étude d’un cas clinique, les auteures se sont intéressées au travail de subjectivation comme fonction de la manière dont le sujet éprouve et se représente la transmission des secrets familiaux. Dans le cadre de psychothérapie, la prégnance d’affects et de représentations en lien avec des secrets de famille témoignent, entre autres, de constructions et de reconstructions subjectives qui pourraient offrir à celui qui les crée la possibilité de réparer et d’intégrer dans sa propre histoire les scènes de récits déposés en silence.
Les représentations dynamiques du corps
Authors: Branchard Laurent , Moyano Olivier
Published: January 2019

Résumé À partir de la littérature concernant les représentations du corps, de questions cliniques et d’un protocole pour partie projectif, les auteurs soutiennent l’intérêt du concept de représentations dynamiques du corps au regard de ceux de schéma corporel et image du corps plus figés. Les conclusions invitent à penser les représentations du corps comme dynamiques, c’est-à-dire changeantes, qui concernent les représentations d’un corps en mouvement et surtout des représentations d’échanges entre un dedans et un dehors. Cette qualité dynamique des représentations du corps ouvre alors d’autres pistes de recherche et de compréhension des enjeux du corporel dans la clinique.
Les processus identificatoires chez les auteurs de violences sexuelles : l’apport des planches gf et 17 bm au tat
Authors: Giuily Constance , Verdon Benoît
Published: January 2019

Résumé Dans le cadre de la passation du TAT, peu de travaux se sont proposés d’évaluer la pertinence de l’utilisation des planches GF et 17BM pour les hommes. Pourtant, la nomination de planches uniquement destinées à un seul sexe va à l’encontre de l’une des découvertes majeures de la psychanalyse, la bisexualité psychique. Notre recherche, qui se propose d’explorer la singularité de la dynamique identificatoire chez les auteurs de violences sexuelles, met à l’épreuve l’opportunité de proposer à ces hommes la passation complémentaire des planches GF et 17BM. Sans que cela puisse être généralisé à l’ensemble de la clinique des violences sexuelles, l’ajout de ces planches permet pour nos sujets de soulever des conflits et des enjeux psychiques qui ne se donnent pas à entendre aux autres planches du TAT. L’article présente les différentes subtilités mises au jour par cette méthode, en comparaison avec l’ensemble des protocoles recueillis auprès de ces hommes d’une part et avec un groupe contrôle d’autre part.
La main qui ne lâche pas prise : de la prééminence des pulsions partielles dans les troubles de l’écriture
Authors: Baudin Massoulier Sylvie
Published: January 2019

Résumé À partir de bilans utilisant les méthodes projectives, concernant deux enfants d’école élémentaire en difficulté avec l’écriture, est exploré le conflit psychique qui les maintient dans un registre génital infantile, et sont envisagés les enjeux pulsionnels et les achoppements à leur intrication, ainsi que les facteurs d’évolution qui pourraient, dans un cadre thérapeutique spécifique, favoriser le développement de leur construction psychique.
Le corps, figure du Nebenmensch dans le traitement psychique du traumatisme
Authors: Guittonneau-Bertholet Mireille
Published: January 2019

Résumé Lorsque le clivage autonarcissique a été la seule modalité de survie psychique face à des violences extrêmes et à la douleur, il arrive que le traitement psychique passe ensuite par l’investissement accru des traces corporelles du trauma. En leur absence, ce sont parfois différents symptômes corporels, surgis plus ou moins longtemps après, qui s’imposent. Leur analyse révèle alors la polysémie de leurs fonctions inconscientes : tout à la fois nécessité vitale, modalité de restauration de l’unité psyché-soma mise à mal par le trauma, et préservation de la figure d’un Nebenmensch.
Evidence-based Education and the Evaluation of a Critical Care Course
Authors: Wynd Christine
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

A critical care nursing course was designed to enhance knowledge attainment for RNs new to critical care, and to prepare seasoned critical care nurses for specialty certification. The convenience sample of nurses (N = 57) was either enrolled in the 16-session course (n = 27) or assigned to a control group (n = 30). A repeated measures design allowed data collection at three time points: precourse, course completion, and 6 months after course completion. Mean scores on the Basic Knowledge Assessment Tool were significantly higher for course participants at the time of course completion, and scores continued to remain high 6 months later, demonstrating important retention of critical care knowledge.
Precepting in 2002
Authors: Wright Ann
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Preceptorships have been used to bridge the gap between nursing education and the reality of the workplace. The role of preceptors to prepare new or transitioning nurses to function more efficiently and earlier has become increasingly important in recent years. To foster positive attitudes in the experienced nurses toward accepting and functioning in the roles of preceptors, nursing administration and nursing education must collaborate. Preceptors have the ability to shape, nurture, influence, and support novice nurses. Experienced nurses hold the responsibility to encourage this commitment.
The Consultation Role of a Nurse Educator
Authors: Forsyth Diane McNally , Rhudy Lori , Johnson LeAnn M
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Consultation is one component of the nurse educator's role. This role is rapidly expanding as health care changes. Nurse educators are being called on to provide support for the educational process in areas outside their clinical specialty. This article describes the educational consultation process in a large medical center where nurse educators have expanded their roles to ambulatory care areas. Key principles guiding the educational consultation process are delineated as well as possible uses. A five-stage process is described to aid the nurse educator in implementing the educational consultation process. In addition, some of the barriers that may be encountered during a consultation are identified.
Changing Knowledge, Behavior, and Practice Related to Universal Precautions Among Hospital Nurses in China
Authors: Huang Jin , Jiang Dongju , Wang Xianglian , Liu Yuyuan , Fennie Kristopher , Burgess Jane , Williams Ann B
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of an educational training program for hospital nurses on universal precautions in Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.

Method: Using a quasi-experimental design, 50 of 100 randomly selected hospital nurses were randomly assigned to receive an educational intervention. Questionnaires were administered to the 100 nurses prior to and 4 months after the training.

Findings: Knowledge, practice, and behaviors related to universal precautions and the prevalence of hepatitis B immunization improved among nurses in the group who received training. No significant change in the frequency of glove use was found. Underreporting of sharps injuries to hospital authorities continued in both groups.

Conclusion: Although educational training significantly improved Chinese nurses' knowledge, practice, and behavior related to universal precautions, there remains room for improvement in glove use and needlestick injury reporting.
Standardized Patient Training: A Modality for Teaching Interviewing Skills
Authors: Konkle-Parker Deborah J , Cramer Carl K , Hamill Cheryl
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Background: Standardized patient training involves an experiential approach to clinical training, using laypeople acting as patients to provide skills-building opportunities for health care providers.

Method: Standardized patient training was used for 2 years in combination with a computerbased continuing education program or traditional inservice program to teach two important communication skills: human immunodeficiency virus-related risk assessment and posttest counseling.

Findings: Assessments by more than 500 participants in a rural setting were overwhelmingly positive, with increased willingness and ability to perform the risk assessment and counseling in clinical practice.

Conclusion: Standardized patient training is viewed very positively by participants. Longitudinal observations of clinical behaviors would be necessary to confirm behavior changes.
Certificate-Trained Staff Nurses' Perceptions of the Changes in Nursing Education in Ireland From Certificate to Diploma Level
Authors: Brady Dympna , Hyde Abbey
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Over the past decade, nursing education in Ireland has experienced revolutionary changes, during which the hospital-based apprenticeship certificate model of nurse training was replaced with a college (diploma level) education model. This article reports on a qualitative study that explored traditionally trained staff nurses' perceptions of their role in the facilitation of learning for diploma students in clinical contexts and their attitudes toward such students. A central issue that emerged was participants' perceptions of the diploma program vis-à-vis the traditional apprenticeship training to which they themselves had been exposed. Guided by the strategy of grounded theory; in-depth interviews were conducted with 16 participants, and interview transcripts were analyzed. Three subthemes emerged: feeling the old way was best, confusion and uncertainty, and acceptance of change. These subthemes reflect the finding that although certificate-trained staff nurses thought the traditional apprenticeship model of educating nurses was superior and expressed confusion and uncertainty about the concept of supernumerary status, a sense of acceptance of change also mediated their accounts.
A Study of Transition: The New Nurse Graduate at 3 Months
Authors: Ellerton Mary-Lou , Gregor Frances
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Background: Nursing shortages, increased patient acuity, and early discharges have increased demands on newly graduated nurses. At the same time, financial constraints have curtailed orientation programs.

Method: Open-ended interviews were conducted with 11 nurses employed in acute care settings at 3 months following graduation.

Results: New nurses defined their work as a set of skills and attended to procedural aspects of care. Most lacked the capacity for helpful communications with patients and families. They relied heavily on routines learned from experienced nurses.

Conclusion: At 3 months, new graduates are apprehensive about their work. Approaches to nursing are largely procedural and guided by the routines of senior colleagues.
The Development of an Educational Workshop on Complementary and Alternative Medicine: What Every Nurse Should Know
Authors: Cuellar Norma G , Cahill Bridget , Ford Julie , Aycock Teresa
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

As complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is becoming more accepted in Western culture/ Healthcare consumers are choosing CAM as an adjunct to conventional healthcare practices. A variety of cultural backgrounds contributes to the need to advance knowledge and evaluate outcomes of healthcare practices related to CAM. The issues presented in this article provide critical information for nurses and other healthcare providers to integrate conventional medicine with CAM practices to improve healthcare outcomes for patients who use CAM.
Factors Influencing Accruement of Contact Hours for Nurses
Authors: Kubsch Sylvia , Henniges Amy , Lorenzoni Nancy , Eckardt Sally , Oleniczak Sandra
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Background: A decline in attendance at continuing education (CE) in nursing activities was observed in a Midwest state where CE attendance is not required.

Purpose: The purpose of this research study was to identify the effect of attitude, extrinsic and intrinsic reinforcement, and deterrents on contact hour accrual.

Methods: A convenience sample of 282 registered nurses was surveyed using a researcher-constructed instrument determined to be valid and reliable.

Results: Registered nurses earning 0 to 15 contact hours annually reported accruing fewer contact hours in 1999 than in an average year. Registered nurses who earned 16 to 45+ contact hours annually reported earning more contact hours in 1999 than in an average year. Intrinsic reinforcement was found to be a significant motivator (r [257] = .242; ? < .0001) for contact hour accrual, whereas extrinsic reinforcement was not.

Conclusions: Skinner's Operant Conditioning Theory has use in explaining registered nurse attendance at CE activities. CE planners should consider placing more emphasis on intrinsic rather than extrinsic reinforcement to encourage staff to attend CE activities.
Socrates Café for Older Adults: Intergenerational Connectedness Through Facilitated Conversation
Authors: Dinkins Christine Sorrell
Published: January 2019

Opportunities for social connectedness are important for older adults' psychosocial well-being. Social connections through intergenerational engagement provide older adults benefits such as increased generativity, improved cognitive functioning, and a greater sense of self-worth. The facilitated discussion known as Socrates Café is ideally suited for bridging generation gaps and inviting self-expression. Socrates Cafés provide an alternative to more traditional social programming by promoting communal inquiry and substantive reflection on questions of value and meaning. In a study of an intergenerational Socrates Café with college students and low-income older adults, findings indicated reduced ageism and stereotyping from students, the formation of relationships between students and older adults, and a recognition from older adults that they had valuable insights to share with younger generations. Health professionals wishing to improve psychosocial health for older adults may consider setting up an intergenerational Socrates Café. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 57
(1), 11–15.]
Rotating Brush for Fast Removal of Corneal Epithelium
Authors: Pallikaris Ioannis G , Karoutis Athanase D , Lydataki Stella E , Siganos Dimitrios S
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: A simple new device is proposed for safe and very fast epithelial removal of the cornea. This is a rotating plastic brush that removes the corneal epithelium within a few seconds under irrigation, without causing any mechanical damage to the stromal surface.

METHODS: Comparative SEM and TEM studies on rabbit corneas were carried out following epithelial removal by rotating brush and by a Beaver knife blade. Epithelial removal time and reepithelialization time after photorefractive keratectomy were evaluated in a series of 40 human sighted eyes treated with the brush.

RESULTS: The rotating brush-abraded surface was smoother compared to the blade-abraded one. Additionally, the brush provoked no damage to the basal lamina of the rabbit corneal epithelium. In human photorefractive keratectomy, the mean time needed for removal of the corneal epithelium by the rotating brush was only 3 sec (range, 2-5 sec). Reepithelialization time following photorefractive keratectomy did not exceed 3 days.

CONCLUSION: Experimental and preliminary clinical studies suggest that the new rotating plastic brush is a safe and fast method for removing the corneal epithelium. [J Refract Corneal Surg. 1994;10:439-442.]
Los geoparques y su implantación en América Latina
Authors: Sánchez-Cortez José Luis , Simbaña-Tasiguano Marco
Published: January 2019

La conservación de los recursos naturales es un proceso social que ha sufrido adaptaciones y cambios con el pasar de los años. Los geoparques forman parte de este proceso que busca un manejo holístico, vinculante y participativo. En América Latina existen proyectos consolidados y en vías de acción, sustentados en las indiscutibles características geológicas de la zona. Además existen las herramientas apropiadas que pueden ser empleadas como instrumentos para viabilizar la generación de geoparques regionales, que además permitan una gestión efectiva de los geositios. En los últimos años han existido cambios regionales importantes relacionados a la temática de geoparques, así también como la conformación de la Red de Geoparques Mundiales de UNESCO para América Latina y El Caribe, que busca ser un ente de cobertura regional para los proyectos en etapa inicial.
Microempresas de artesanía, turismo y estrategias de desarrollo local: retos y oportunidades en una ciudad histórico-patrimonial (Córdoba, España)
Authors: Rivera Mateos Manuel , Hernández Rojas Ricardo D.
Published: January 2019

Este trabajo tiene por objeto el estudio de los talleres y establecimientos de productos artesanales típicos en un destino de turismo urbano cultural como es la ciudad de Córdoba, con varias declaraciones como Patrimonio de la Humanidad, centrándose en las relaciones y sinergias existentes entre estos, la dinámica urbana y socioeconómica reciente y su oferta turística. Igualmente se analiza la localización geográfica de estos establecimientos, las categorías de productos comercializados, sus condiciones de acceso al mercado local y su visibilidad real en la oferta turística local a través de rutas, centros especializados de comercialización, visitas a talleres u otros medios instrumentales. Del análisis realizado se desprende que, pese a las importantes potencialidades de la artesanía tradicional para la consolidación y posicionamiento de la imagen de Córdoba como destino excelente de turismo cultural, existe un nivel bajo de integración y vinculación entre los negocios artesanos, la propia ciudad y la oferta turística urbana, lo que exige una redefinición de sus estrategias comerciales y de sostenibilidad y su adecuada inserción en la cadena de valor de la oferta comercial y turística local. Finalmente se aportan algunas propuestas de gestión estratégica público-privada en este sentido.
Effect of supplementation different levels of calcium salts of fatty acids on performance and some blood biochemical in male Holstein calves
Authors: Bigdeli Khajehdizaji Ahad , Pirmohammadi Rasoul , Taghizadeh Akbar , Gharehbagh Ahad Golghasem , Hamidi Omid , Hemmati Zeinal
Published: January 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) on performance in Holstein calves. A total of sixteen 17 month of age male Holstein calves with average of (540 ± 5 Kg) weight were selected and were divided into four groups in order to the experimental complete randomized block design. The calves were fed by control groups with no fat protected and 2, 4 and 6 percentages of fat protected oils until 60 days. Feed intake, Body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were measured. The blood samples were taken to investigate the serum content of plasma protein, glucose, calcium, phosphorus, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL. Additionally the fat and protein digestibility in each groups were measured. Data from this study showed that the highest FI and BW and the better FCR was related to the calves fed by 2 % fat protected supplement but there were no significant effects on calves performance between treatments. Feeding the fat protected supplementations lead to higher protein and fat digestibility none significantly. The higher use of calcium salts of fatty acids supplements lead to higher serum triglyceride, cholesterol, calcium and LDL significantly (P≤0.05). There were no significant differences between treatments about glucose, phosphorous and protein content in the calves were feed by different levels of calcium salts of fatty acids supplements. In conclusion we could demonstrated that using of different levels of calcium salts of fatty acids may have beneficial effects on performance and some blood biochemical in the male Holstein Calves.
Effect of feeding Artemia Urmiana cysts on performance and survival of Caspian brown trout (Salmo trutta caspius) fish at the larva stage
Authors: Ebrahimi Khezr Abad Reza , Farrokhrooz Masoud , Frad Ali Nekuie
Published: January 2019

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding different levels of Artemia Urmiana cysts on performance and survival of Caspian brown trout fish. The treatments included different levels (25, 50, 75 and 100 %) of Artemia Urmiana cysts to Caspian brown trout fish with an average weight of 120 ± 25 g in active phase of larva stage until the weight of one gram. Feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG), body weight (BW), feed conversion ratio (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR) of the treatments were determine and the survival percentage index was calculated based on the number of remaining larvae in the sites on the total number of larvae. The result of study showed that the higher feed intake was for 25 and the lower feed intake was for 50% of Artemia urmiana cysts treatments. Also the best specific growth rate and feed conversation ratio was related to the 25 % of Artemia Urmiana cysts groups (P≤0.05). Additionally the best survival index was for fish that fed by 75% and the worst survival index was for fish that fed by 100% of Artemia urmiana cysts. In conclusion we could demonstrated that feeding Artemia Urmiana cysts may have some beneficial effects on the performance and survival of Caspian brown trout (Salmo trutta caspius) fish at the larva stage.
A retradução do poema a Fumetti de Dino Buzzati: Uma reescritura pós-ideológica?
Authors: Vignali Cristina
Published: January 2019

Em 1969, Dino Buzatti publica seu Poema a fumetti [Poema em quadrinhos], uma obra sui generis, a meio-caminho entre o poema ilustrado e a estória em quadrinhos, na qual o artista nos oferece um mito de Orfeu atualizado, transformado pela contemporaneidade dos anos 1960. Poema a fumetti conhece, a seguir, duas traduções na França: a de Max Gallo e Antoine Ottavi, publicada apenas um ano após a aparição da obra italiana, e publicada pela Laffont sob o título Poème-bulles [Poema--balão de fala] (1970), e a de Charlotte Lataillade, publicada pela Actes Sud sob o título Orfi aux enfers [Orfi no inferno] (2007). A análise da retradução torna evidente da parte da tradutora um desejo de elucidação e/ou de atualização beirando à desaparição das referências buzzatianas em um contexto ideológico preciso, os anos 1960 marcados pela contestação, transgressão, pelos inícios da liberação sexual, e por uma secularização conduzindo à toda a sociedade italiana. No fim das contas, a retradução parece uma obra pós-ideológica que corre o risco de alimentar, ao menos na França, uma visão de Buzzati limitada à dimensão do fantástico e estranha aos interesses sociopolíticos de seu tempo.
(Re)translation from a process-oriented Approach
Authors: Fontes Cristiane Silva , Malta Gleiton , Lourenço da Silva Igor A.
Published: January 2019

O presente artigo reporta um conjunto de três estudos orientados ao processo e baseados em rastreamento ocular, cujo objetivo é explorar a tarefa de (re)tradução em três pares linguísticos diferentes (espanhol-português, francês-português e inglês-português). Estes estudos basearam-se em um design de tarefa exigindo potencial atenção aos três textos que serviram de estímulo, a saber: um texto-fonte e duas traduções previamente publicadas do mesmo, com o objetivo de gerar um quarto texto, uma nova tradução. Os resultados apontam para mais amplas transições do texto-fonte ao texto-meta, e vice-versa, como sendo o fluxo de atenção mais frequente, com ocasionais desvios para as traduções prévias para a solução de problemas de compreensão ou produção durante o ato de produção da tradução. O resultado de tais estudos e a descrição pioneira do processo de (re)tradução sob condições experimentais pode contribuir para a pesquisa do processo tradutório ao franquear evidência de como os participantes lidam com diversos estímulos em sua produção do texto-meta.
CADERA, Susanne M.; WALSH, Andrew Samuel (eds). Literary Retranslation in Context, Oxford [etc.]: Peter Lang, 2017, 242 p.
Authors: Poucke Piet Van
Published: January 2019

CADERA, Susanne M.; WALSH, Andrew Samuel (eds). Literary Retranslation in Context, Oxford [etc.]: Peter Lang, 2017, 242 p.
Judicialização antes da democratização? O Supremo Tribunal Federal e o destino da Emenda Constitucional das "Diretas Já"
Authors: Werneck Arguelhes Diego , Proença Süssekind Evandro
Published: January 2019

Este trabalho recupera a discussão sobre o papel do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) na rejeição da Proposta de Emenda Constitucional Dante de Oliveira – a Emenda das “Diretas Já” -, utilizando esse episódio para repensar a relação entre democratização e judicialização da política no Brasil. A participação do STF não integra a narrativa pública sobre a Emenda, nem os estudos acadêmicos sobre a transição para a democracia. A atuação do tribunal, porém, foi decisiva para o fracasso da reforma constitucional que viabilizaria as eleições diretas para a presidência da república. Neste trabalho, procuramos reconstruir a decisão das “Diretas Já” como um episódio de judicialização da política antes da democratização, com o tribunal agindo sobre um conflito político de alta magnitude recriando e justificando novas estruturas normativas no nível constitucional. Provocado por parlamentares do PMDB, o Supremo interveio no debate sobre como interpretar o quórum constitucional para aprovação de emendas. O tribunal resolveu o conflito político a partir de argumentos constitucionais, afirmando a todo momento a sua autoridade para resolver a questão. Embora tenha decidido em favor do governo militar, o tribunal exerceu atividade criativa para fazê-lo, afastando-se de seus claros precedentes sobre o tema. Nesse sentido, como um episódio de judicialização da política antes da democratização, o caso das “Diretas Já” permite repensar, de forma mais precisa, a relação entre a democratização e os processos de expansão do poder do STF desde a transição.
Retos Regulatorios en torno a la Inteligencia Artificial
Authors: Merchan Murillo Antonio
Published: January 2019

La inteligencia artificial se va abriendo paso. La magnitud del desafío es de talla mundial, motivo que está llevando a la UE a abordar los problemas jurídicos que se plantean. Este hecho nos permite plantear, de manera concreta, los retos que se presentan y las esferas que podrían necesitar un tratamiento jurídico uniforme, como objeto de contribuir al planteamiento de soluciones sistemáticas e internacionales, ya que los métodos tradicionales de regulación no son plenamente aplicables.
Tradição e modernidade: a experiência subjetiva na reflexividade
Authors: Da Silva Façanha Luciano , Maria Couto e Lima Joselle , França Silva Rodrigo
Published: January 2019

Este ensaio tem como propósito fazer uma reflexão sobre a modernidade como experiência subjetiva e suas implicações para o “estilo de vida” na contemporaneidade. A análise versa sobre algumas rupturas com a tradição e algumas experiências novas que o mundo moderno propicia como forma de experiência subjetiva. Ao estabelecer diálogos pontuais entre Anthony Giddens, Bruno Latour, Mike Featherstone, Stuart Hall e Marshall Berman, conceitos como reflexividade, globalização, modernização, agenciamento e identidade serão articulados com o sentido de discutir como se dá o remodelamento da tradição na modernidade, e quais as implicações dessa nova dinâmica para a vida social e psíquica do sujeito.
Contracultura no México da década de 1960: o estilo jipeteca e a influência da literatura de La Onda na cena contestatória juvenil
Authors: Dionizio de Mello Pedro
Published: January 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma análise sociológica acerca da emergência da cultura juvenil de contestação social mexicana entre as décadas de 1960 e 1970. O marco temporal em questão é conhecido como um período histórico de forte repressão às manifestações culturais da juventude na América Latina. No caso do México, influenciada por fluxos culturais vindos do exterior, nomeadamente dos Estados Unidos, parte da juventude desencadeou movimentos contraculturais que colocaram em xeque valores e costumes tradicionais. Dessa forma, este estudo busca investigar qual o significado gerado por esses movimentos na constituição de um estilo de vida próprio de uma juventude mexicana que buscava se reafirmar. Para tanto, foi feita revisão bibliográfica acerca da cena literária daquele país conhecida como La Onda. Ao fim e ao cabo, pôde-se constatar que o movimento contracultural teve contribuição significativa no processo de legitimação social da juventude no México. A interação com uma cultura estrangeira não somente reproduziu um movimento estadunidense, mas também combinou elementos típicos dos dois países, construindo as bases para que jovens mexicanos desenvolvessem formas próprias de identidade.
Microphysics of Summer Clouds in Central West Antarctica Simulated by Polar WRF and AMPS
Authors: Hines Keith M. , Bromwich David H. , Wang Sheng-Hung , Silber Israel , Verlinde Johannes , Lubin Dan
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) West Antarctic Radiation Experiment (AWARE) provided a highly detailed set of remote sensing and surface observations to study Antarctic clouds and surface energy balance, which have received much less attention than for the Arctic due to greater logistical challenges. Limited prior Antarctic cloud observations has slowed the progress of numerical weather prediction in this region. The AWARE observations from WAIS Divide during December 2015 and January 2016 are used to evaluate the operational forecasts of the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS) and new simulations with Polar WRF 3.9.1. The Polar WRF 3.9.1 simulations are conducted with advanced microphysics schemes and with the WRF single-moment 5-class microphysics (WSM5C) also used by AMPS. AMPS simulates few liquid clouds during summer at WAIS Divide, inconsistent with observations of frequent low-level liquid clouds. Polar WRF 3.9.1 simulations show that this result is a consequence of WSM5C. More advanced microphysics schemes simulate more cloud liquid water and produce stronger cloud radiative forcing, resulting in downward longwave and shortwave radiation at the surface more in agreement with observations. Similarly, increased cloud fraction is simulated with the more advanced microphysics schemes. All of the simulations, however, produce smaller net cloud fractions than observed. Ice water paths vary less between the simulations than liquid water paths. The colder and drier atmosphere driven by GFS initial and boundary conditions for AMPS forecasts produces lesser cloud amounts than the Polar WRF 3.9.1 simulations driven by ERA-Interim.
Evaluation of wake influence on high-resolution balloon-sonde
measurements
Authors: Faber Jens , Gerding Michael , Schneider Andreas , Dörnbrack Andreas , Wilms Henrike , Wagner Johannes , Lübken Franz-Josef
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Balloons are used for various in-situ measurements in the atmosphere. On turbulence measurements from rising balloons there is a potential for misinterpreting wake-created fluctuations in the trail of the balloon for atmospheric turbulence. These wake effects have an influence on temperature and humidity measurements from radiosondes as well. The primary aim of this study is to assess the likelihood for wake encounter on the payload below a rising balloon. Therefore, we present a tool for calculating this probability based on radiosonde wind data. This includes a retrieval of vertical winds from the radiosonde and an uncertainty analysis of the wake assessment. Our wake evaluation tool may be used for any balloon-gondola distance and provides a significant refinement compared to existing assessments. We have analysed wake effects for various balloon-gondola distances applying atmospheric background conditions from a set of 30 radiosondes. For a standard radiosonde we find an average probability for wake encounter of 28 %, pointing out the importance of estimating wake effects on sounding balloons. Furthermore, we find that even millimetre sized objects in the payload can have significant effects on high-resolution turbulence measurements, if they are located upstream of the turbulence sensor.
Potentials and pitfalls of permafrost active layer monitoring using the HVSR method: a case study in Svalbard
Authors: Köhler Andreas , Weidle Christian
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Time-lapse monitoring of the subsurface using ambient seismic noise is a
popular method in environmental seismology. We assess the reliability of the
horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) method for monitoring seasonal
permafrost active layer variability in northwest Svalbard. We observe complex
HVSR variability between 1 and 50 Hz in the record of a temporary seismic
deployment covering frozen and thawed soil conditions between April and
August 2016. While strong variations are due to changing noise conditions,
mainly affected by wind speed and degrading coupling of instruments during
melt season, a seasonal trend is observed at some stations that has most
likely a subsurface structural cause. A HVSR peak emerges close to the
Nyquist frequency (50 Hz) in beginning of June which is then gradually
gliding down, reaching frequencies of about 15–25 Hz in the end of August.
This observation is consistent with HVSR forward modeling for a set of
structural models that simulate different stages of active layer thawing. Our
results reveal a number of potential pitfalls when interpreting HVSRs and
suggest a careful analysis of temporal variations since HVSR seasonality is
not necessarily related to changes in the subsurface. In addition, we
investigate if effects of changing noise sources on HVSRs can be avoided by
utilizing a directional, narrowband (4.5 Hz) repeating seismic tremor which
is observed at the permanent seismic broadband station in the study area.
A significant change of the radial component HVSR shape during summer months
is observed for all tremors. We show that a thawed active layer with very low
seismic velocities would affect Rayleigh wave ellipticities in the tremor
frequency band. We compile a list of recommendations for future experiments,
including comments on network layouts suitable for array beamforming and
waveform correlation methods that can provide essential information on noise
source variability.
Description and validation of an intermediate complexity model for
ecosystem photosynthesis and evapo-transpiration:
ACM-GPP-ETv1
Authors: Smallman Thomas Luke , Williams Mathew
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Photosynthesis (gross primary production, GPP) and evapo-transpiration (ET) are ecosystem processes with global significance for the carbon cycle, climate, hydrology and a range of ecosystem services. The mechanisms governing these processes are complex but well understood. There is strong coupling between these processes, mediated directly by stomatal conductance and indirectly by root zone soil moisture. This coupling must be effectively modelled for robust predictions of earth system responses to global change. It is highly demanding to model cellular processes, like stomatal conductance or electron transport, with responses times of minutes, over decadal and global domains. computational demand means models resolving this level of complexity cannot be fully evaluated for their parameter sensitivity, nor calibrated using earth observation data through data assimilation approaches requiring large ensembles. To resolve this problem, here we describe a coupled photosynthesis evapo-transpiration model of intermediate complexity. The model reduces computational load and parameter numbers by operating at canopy scale and daily time steps. But by including simplified representation of key process interactions it retains sensitivity to variation in climate, leaf traits, soil states and atmospheric CO2. The new model is calibrated to match the biophysical responses of a complex terrestrial ecosystem model (TEM) of GPP and ET through a Bayesian model-data fusion process. The calibrated ACM-GPP-ET generates unbiased estimates of TEM GPP and ET, and captures 80–95 % percent of the sensitivity of carbon and water fluxes by the complex TEM. The ACM-GPP-ET model operates ∼ 2200 times faster than the complex TEM. Independent evaluation of ACM-GPP-ET at FLUXNET sites, using a single global parameterisation, shows good agreement with typical R2 ∼ 0.60 for both GPP and ET. This intermediate complexity modelling approach allows full Monte Carlo based quantification of model parameter and structural uncertainties, global scale sensitivity analyses for these processes, and is fast enough for use within terrestrial ecosystem model-data fusion frameworks requiring large ensembles.
Observed and modeled diurnal variations around Lake Malawi
Authors: Koseki Shunya , Mooney Priscilla A.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. We investigate how the intensity and spatial distribution of precipitation varies around Lake Malawi on a diurnal time scale, which can be valuable information for water resource management in tropical southeastern African nations. Using a state-of-the-art satellite product and regional atmospheric model, the well-defined diurnal cycle is detected around Lake Malawi with harmonic and principle component analyses: the precipitation is intense during midnight to morning over Lake Malawi and the precipitation peaks in the daytime over the surrounding area. This diurnal cycle in the precipitation around the lake is associated with the lake-land breeze circulation. Comparisons between the benchmark simulation and an idealized simulation in which Lake Malawi is removed, reveals that the diurnal variations in the precipitation are substantially amplified by the presence of Lake Malawi. This is most evident over the lake and relatively surrounding coastal regions. Lake Malawi also enhances the lake-land breeze circulation; the nocturnal lakeward land breeze generates the surface convergence effectively and the precipitation intensifies over the lake. Conversely, the daytime landward lake breeze generates the intense divergence over the lake and the precipitation is strongly depressed over the lake. The lake surface helps to create the thermal contrast between the lake and land and consequently the local lake-land breeze system is maintained via sensible heat flux. The lake-land breeze and the background water vapour enriched by Lake Malawi drives dominantly a diurnal variation in the surface moisture flux divergence/convergence over the lake and surrounding area and consequently, contributes to the diurnal cycle of the precipitation.