bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulating Behaviour of Unreinforced and Reinforced Masonry Wall Panels Under Monotonic Lateral Loading
Authors: Kasula Anil , Shakya Manjip , Karanjit Sudip , Prajapati Amit
Published: February 2025

Unreinforced Masonry (URM) structures are extremely vulnerable to seismic activities. Under seismic loads, the failure of these structures is either due to in-plane failure or an out-of-plane failure mechanism. Different seismic retrofitting and strengthening strategies for masonry structures have been developed and implemented in recent decades. The performance of existing URM structures can be greatly improved by retrofitting. This paper uses steel strips with anchor bolt arrangement as reinforcing material for retrofitting purposes. A comparative study of change in lateral load carrying capacity of unreinforced and reinforced masonry wall panels under in-plane lateral load based on numerical simulation is presented in this study. Initially, a 3D numerical model of the URM wall panel is prepared in ABAQUS FEM using Simplified Micro Modelling (SMM) technique. The Concrete Damage Plasticity (CDP) model is used as a material model and the surface-based coupled cohesion-friction model as the interface material. The response of the URM wall panel under displacement-controlled monotonic lateral load is evaluated and validated against experimental results. Another separate numerical model of reinforced masonry is prepared with identical mechanical properties. A comprehensive study is conducted on the change in the performance of both wall panels. The study found that the ultimate load-carrying capacity of reinforced masonry wall panels is increased by 22\% compared to the unreinforced masonry wall panel.
Comparative Analysis of Water Infiltration Potential: A Study of Precast Permeable Blocks, Precast Impermeable Blocks, and Traditional Bricks
Authors: Bhusal Gaurav , Koirala Badal , Kharbuja Sunita , Duwal Rajan
Published: February 2025

Groundwater depletion is a global issue leading to shrinking aquifers and sinking lands. The increase in the rate of usage of groundwater and the decrease in recharge rate is its main cause. Conversion of natural lands to concrete and bituminous roads, urbanization, and industrialization are blocking groundwater infiltration. In such an intricate scenario, the use of permeable blocks in the pavement could be a viable solution. With the use of permeable blocks in areas like low-traffic roads, parking lots and pedestrian walkways, the groundwater table will get recharged to some extent. Permeable blocks could be an eco-friendly paving material reducing surface runoff, ponding of water and flood risk too. This study has experimentally determined and compared the two major characteristics contributing to groundwater infiltration- porosity and infiltration rate of permeable blocks, impermeable blocks, and bricks used generally in pavement design. We found that permeable concrete blocks are 6.89 and 2.19 times more porous than impermeable concrete blocks and burnt clay bricks respectively. Moreover, the permeable concrete blocks infiltrate 816.96 and 171.89 times more water in an hour than impermeable concrete blocks and burnt clay bricks respectively through the center of the blocks and 320.96 and 38.26 times more water in an hour than impermeable concrete blocks and burnt clay bricks respectively at the joints.
अर्थराजनीतिलाई सही दिशामा लैजान संसदले प्रभावकारी भूमिका निर्बाह गर्न सक्छ ?
Authors: अधिकारी Adhikari चन्द्रमणि Chandramani
Published: February 2025

Available in full text.
Accumulation of heavy metals in rats’ body under chronic combined intoxication with zinc, copper and arsenic salts
Authors: Tazitdinova R.M. , Beisenova R.R. , Kurmanbayeva A.S. , Grigoryev A.I.
Published: February 2025

The article indicates the results of a research made on the accumulation of heavy metals in some internal organs of rats under chronic combined poisoning with heavy metals salts (zinc, copper and arsenic). The experiments were carried out on 40 white outbred pubescent rats. They were divided into four groups. Heavy metals that can accumulate in the body of animals and humans, can lead to the internal organs dysfunction and organ systems disruption. Some heavy metals are able to selectively accumulate in a living organism. Therefore, the study was conducted of certain organs on the degree of accumulation of heavy metals. Salt solutions such as copper sulphate, zinc sulphate and sodium arsenite, which were injected intragastrically for three months on a daily basis, were used as toxicants. Sampling of organs was carried out after three months counting from the beginning of the experiment. The content of zinc, copper and arsenic was found in the brain, liver and kidney of a rat. The results of our studies showed that accumulation of heavy metals occurs to a greater extent in the liver of rats, and the group of copper and arsenic combined action showed the greatest toxicity in the degree of accumulation.
Жоңғар Алатауының солтүстік беткейіндегі тағамдық жəне пайдалы өсімдіктердің таралу ерекшеліктері
Authors: Сапарбаева Н.А.
Published: February 2025

Мақалада Жоңғар Алатауының солтүстік беткейіндегі тағамдық жəне пайдалы өсімдіктердің таралу ерекшеліктері қарастырылған. Автор жотадағы анағұрлым кең таралған жəне өсімдік түрлеріне байтұқымдастар тоқталған: Asteraceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, Brassicaeae, Rosaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Lamiaceae, Ranunculaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Apiaceae, Boraginaceae, Chenopodiceae, Liliaceae, Polygonaceae, Berberidaceae, Iridaceae. Түр санына бай туыстар анықталған, олар: Astragalus, Carex, Artemisia. Жотадағы массивтері анағұрлым ірі көлемде кездесетін тағамдық өсімдіктердің басқа да пайдалы түрлеріне талдау жасалған. Азықтық өсімдіктердің басым бөлігін Fabaceae тұқымдасының төмендегідей туыстары құрайды: Medicago, Melilotus, Trifolium, Vicia. Азықтық өсімдіктердің ішінде Asteraceae, Apiaceae жəне тағы басқа тұқымдастар кең таралған. Жотада, жеміс-жидекті өсімдіктерден басқа, тамыры, жапырағы, сабағы жəне тұқымы жеуге жарамды бұталы жəне шөптесін өсімдік түрлері кездеседі, олар: Polygonum coriarium Grig., Rheum wittrockii Lundstr. Жоңғар Алатауында дəрілік өсімдіктердің110 түрі кездеседі. Жота аумағында кездесетін Brassicaceae, Rosaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae тұқымдастырының барлық түрі бал беретін өсімдіктер, олар:Salix kirilowiana Stchegl., Malus, Rosa plathiacantha, Hedysarum songoricum Bong., Polygonum, Lathyrus. Техникалық өсімдіктердің басым бөлігі ортатаулы аймақтарда кең таралған.
Оценка аллельного состояния wx генов коллекции проса(Panicum miliaceumL.) на основе молекулярно-генетических маркеров
Authors: Жирнова И.А. , Рысбекова А.Б. , Дюсибаева Э.Н. , Сейтхожаев А.И. , Есенбекова Г.Т. , Жакенова А.Е. , Малтай Н.Б.
Published: February 2025

В статье представлены результаты анализа по изучению полиморфизма вакси гена проса с помощьюмолекулярных маркеров для ускорения селекционного процесса по созданию казахстанских низкоамилозных сортов. Для изучения полиморфизма вакси гена использовали коллекцию проса из 88 образцов различного географического происхождения(Афганистан, Бельгия, Венгрия, КНР, Кaнaдa, Индия, Ирaн, Мексика, Пакистан, Российская Федерация, Соединенные Штаты Америки, Турция, Украина, Фрaнция). Скрининг отечественной и мировой коллекции проса на аллельное состояние waxy гена проводили с помощью следующих молекулярных маркеров: FPSLVVC3 иRstop3; FPSLVVC3 иex7Srext; int7Sf иRstop3; int5Sf иR11; M5 иR11; M12 иR12; int5Lf иR3. Для каждого праймера были подобраны оптимальные условия проведения полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР). Из проведенныханализов полиморфизма вакси аллелей среди изученных праймеров эффективными оказались маркеры int5f/ R11 иint7Sf/Rstop3. Данные маркеры показали полиморфизм у большинства образцов, хотя обамаркера не выявили четких отличий между амилозными и глютинозными генотипами. По остальным маркерам ДНК профили ПЦР продуктов у всех генотипов показали мономорфность.
Social and hygienic monitoring of labor conditions at industrial enterprises
Authors: Alpysbayeva Zh.T.
Published: February 2025

The article describes the method of socio-hygienic monitoring of working conditions. A comprehensive assessment of the psycho-physiological state of the working enterprises in the conditions of real production activities was completed. To carry out preventive measures at industrial enterprises, the criteria for identifying groups of «risk» and predicting the loss of efficiency are calculated. This methodical approach allows us to assess and predict the health status depending on age, experience, profession, personal characteristics, as well as to assess the level of adverse effects of factors of the working environment on the body. The proposed method can be used in preventive medical examinations and prenosological diagnosis. According to the results of the research, methodological recommendations were developed, which were introduced in the pro-duction and in studying process of medical educational institutions.
Болашақ география пəні мұғалімдерін даярлауда этнопедагогиканың орны
Authors: Кадирбаева Д.А.
Published: February 2025

Қазіргі уақыттағы ең басты мəселелердің бірі болашақ география мұғалімдерін дайындау болып табылады. Бүгінгі студент— ертеңгі мектеп мұғалімі, оның кəсіби шеберлігін, білім мен тəрбиені ұштастыра білуін үйрету— жоғарғы оқу орны мұғалімдерінің міндеті. Жас ұрпаққа білім мен тəрбиеберу барысында, біріншіден, бүгінгі өркениетті дүниеде болып жатқан өзгерістерді ескеріп отыруға, екіншіден, өз халқының ұлттық мəдени-тарихи, əлеуметтік-экономикалық ахуалын терең танытуға айрықша назар аударудың қажеттілігін көрсету керек. Білім беру жүйесінде жас ұрпақты жан-жақты дамыту мен тəрбиелеуде олардың жалпы мəдениетін қалыптастыруда, тұлғаны шығармашылыққа тəрбиелеуде, жастардың қабілетін, іскерлігін дамытуда, өзінің табиғат пен қоғам алдындағыжауапкершілігін сезінуде, жер бетіндегі тіршілікті сақтауда география пəні үлкен роль атқарады. География пəнінің эстетикалық тəрбиеде алатын орны ерекше екені түсінікті. Мақалада қазақ жерініңгеографиясы мен елінің тарихын, салт-дəстүрі мен əдет-ғұрпын байланыстыратын, ұлттық үлгіде білім алатын студент жастарға қажетті деректер көптеп келтірілген, сондай-ақ этникалық тəрбие беруде топонимиканың қажеттілігі, өзектілігі аталған. Болашақ география мұғалімдердің кəсіби педагогикалық іс-əрекетке табысты бейімделуінің үлгісі ретінде автор мотивациялық, бейімділік, танымдық, кəсіби педагогикалық əрекетті біріктіретін тұтас қызмет болып табылады деген пікір ұсынып отыр.
Influence of the sodium humate of production of JSC «Shubarkol komir» on the accumulation of crude and dry mass of sprouts at cultivation on various substrates in the conditions of hydroponics
Authors: Sirman D.Yu. , Kozhanova G.B. , Potechina A.N. , Tleukenova S.U. , Abdresheva M.K. , Martynova E.N. , Almusin G.T.
Published: February 2025

Method of hydroponic growing of the plants is currently the most widely implemented for a year-round production of vegetative biomass. It has a number of advantages over traditional methods of growing, especially within the regulation of physiological processes depending on the final quality of the product. This article is devoted to the study of the accumulation of crude and dry bio mass of plants grown in the hydroponics conditions. As the nutrient medium available composition of the macronutrients of Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) is used. As the activator and regulator of physiological processes sodium humate production of JSC «Shubarkol komir» was used. The results of growing lettuce, cucumbers, tomatoes, as well as the influence of various substrates on the accumulation of dry and crude bio mass in plants are studied. The results of experiments indicated a positive effect of sodium humate on the accumulation of dry and crude weight of plants in hydroponics conditions. Also there was a close relationship between the type of substrate and the accumulation of raw and crude mass of plants.
Some features of water-salt metabolism of kidneys of children and their effects on the urinary system
Authors: Dinmukhamedova A.S. , Yeleupayeva Sh.K. , Aizman R.I.
Published: February 2025

In the review article the basic structures and peculiarities of water and salt metabolism of kidneys, the normal development of the growing organism, the impact of the environment and habitat as well as the effect of the physical and chemical composition of daily drinking water. Kidneys ensuring the release of up to 80 % of water-soluble products formed in the process of metabolism and exogenous substances, are involved in regulating the stability of the concentration of osmotically active substances (osmoregulation), the volume of body fluids (volumetric regulation), the concentration of individual ions (ion regulation) and acid-base equilibrium, being thus the main homeostatic organ. Along with this, the metabolic role of kidneys is shown in the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, as well as their importance in the synthesis of biologically active substances and hormones affecting erythropoiesis, blood pressure regulation, calcium metabolism, etc. Only one kidney function will be discussed — its participation in the regulation of water-salt homeostasis in children of different ages. There are many factors that prevent this complicated process from developing normally in young children, particularly in hygienic and sanitary levels. In this regard, currently the infectious diseases of the urogenital system are especially prevalent in young children.
«Бұйратау» МҰТС жерін геоботаникалық аудандастырудың картографиялық негіздері: əдістері, түрлері жəне жіктелуі
Authors: Кенжина К.Д. , Ауельбекова А.К.
Published: February 2025

Мақалада «Бұйратау» МҰТС геоботаникалық аудандастырудың алғышарттары қарастырылған. Яғни жалпы геоботаникалық аудандастыру деген не, оны қандай əдістермен жүргізеді, аудандастыру мен жіктеудің түрлері қарастырылған. Осыған орай негізгі ұғымдарға анықтама беріліп, далалық экожүйені картографиялық əдіс негізінде зерттеу мүмкіндіктері айтылған. Мақала көптеген ғылыми əдебиеттер берілгендеріне сүйеніп, теориялық негізделген. Қазақстан территориясының табиғи ерекшеліктерін сақтау мен қорғау мақсатында құрылған нысандарды жетілдіру шаралары көрсетілген.  Геоботаникалық зерттеу негіздерінің қалыптасу тарихы мен кезеңдері аталып, ондағы өзіндік үлесі бар көрнекі авторлар аталып өткен. Геоботаникалық аудандастыру түрлері ұсынылып, картографиялау əдістерінің жүргізілу барысы берілген. Яғни ғылыми мақала Қазақстанның далалық экожүйесінің қалыптасуына əсер еткен факторлардың негізінде, бүгінгі күні қаншалықты өзгеріске ұшырағандығы туралы ақпарат береді. Сондай-ақ «Бұйратау» МҰТС(Мемлекеттік ұлттық табиғи саябағы) өзіндік ерекшелігі бар табиғи ландшафты мен экожүйесін зерттеу мүмкіндіктері мен маңыздылығы айтылған. Аталған нысан географиялық орны ерекшелігіне байланысты өзіндік ботаникалық алуантүрлілікке ие, бірақ, соған қарамастан, ол нысанның зерттелу деңгейі жеткіліксіздігіне байланысты аумақтық геоботаникалық еңбектердің қажеттілігін атай отырып, автор өзіндік геоботаникалық аудандастыруды ұсынады. Бұл сынды еңбектер əлі де болса əдебиеттер қорында жоқ, сондықтан тақырып тың жəне жаңа.
Morphological characteristics of samples of species genus DactylorhizaNevski (Orchidaceae Lindl.) attracted for primary introduction in the Altai botanical garden
Authors: Sumbembaev A.A. , Danilova A.N. , Kotukhov Yu.A. , Abugaliyeva S.I.
Published: February 2025

In this article the results of the primary introduction of rare species of the genus DactylorhizaNevski in the conditions of the mountain forest zone of Eastern Kazakhstan are presents. As a result of field expedition work of 2017–2018, on the ridges of Ivanov and Kalba in the Kazakhstan section of the Altai mountain system, the following species of Dactylorhizawere added to the Altai Botanical Garden collection: D. fuchsii (Druce) Soo, D. longifolia(L. Neum.) Aver., D. incarnata(L.) Soo, D. maculata(L.) Soo, and D. umbrosa (Kar. & Kir.) Nevski. Survival rate was assessed under the conditions of introduction. The description of the external structure of generative individuals added to the culture was recorded by morphological characteristics and morphometric parameters: the shape and size of the inflorescences and leaves and the number and structure of flowers. The morphological characteristics and morphometric indicators of individuals of species added to the culture are the starting indicators when studying the introduction potential of the studied species of the genus Dactylorhiza. The collection of species of the genus Dactylorhiza will serve as the basis for the study of genetic diversity, molecular genetic analysis of species and intraspecific variability, which in turn will help to accurately distinguish between overlapping species.
Methods of organization of cognitive activity of pupils in biology lessons
Authors: Zhumagaliyeva Zh.Zh. , Eleupaeva Sh.K. , Chernik B.P.
Published: February 2025

Contemporary and effective pedagogical technologies used in the work of general educational institution are considered in the article. Relevance of the use of contemporary innovational technologies in the action of general educational institution is justified. The article is devoted to the issue of using new innovational technologies. According to the use of technologies in the process of general educational institution attention is paid to the direction of possibility to projecting of educational process on the basis of pedagogical technology, effective use of new methods and forms of organizing the study, motivating of the pupils to cognitive action, increase of their activity, full mastering of given educational material. The use of new innovational technologies in educational process is one of the important feature of developing and modernizing educational process. New methods give the possibility to the cognitive function of pupils to be active; provide motivation for study; provide high level of analyzing exercises; improve knowledge, skills and observation. Effective-ness of using new innovational methods is related to electronic resources, usage of ways and objects of these technologies, corresponding to working methodology of the teacher. Developmental level indicators of emotional-motivational and cognitive components in forming biological knowledge of the pupils were defined and the review on the results of pedagogical experiment was made.
The copper-containing proteins and their effect on metabolism
Authors: Konkabaeva A.E. , Arystanbai A.A. , Mukhanova Sh.A. , Kolossov R.A.
Published: February 2025

In the paper review of the literature on the role of copper in the body is presented. The main content of the study is the analysis of the participation of copper in protein, carbohydrate and fat metabolism. Based on the analysis of literature sources it is shown that copper is a part of many vital proteins and enzymes that influence the development of tissues and cells of the body. The article contains the elucidation of the features of the participation of protein-transporters in the transport of copper through the plasma membrane into intracellular organelles and from the cytosol into the bloodstream. The participation of copper in the metabolism depends on its physic-chemical properties. In the literature review the features of proteins that control copper hemodynamics and participate in copper-dependent signaling are clarified. The characteristic features of copper included in the composition of many enzymes are distinguished and described. It is shown that copper plays an important role in ensuring normal growth and maintaining health. It is indicated that both deficiency and excess of copper in the body lead to various diseases. The conclusion is that the biological effect of copper shows through communication with proteins, forming complexes with high biological activity.
Introduction of woody and shrubby plants of the natural flora of the Western Kazakhstan at the territory of Mangyshlak experimental botanical garden
Authors: Imanbayeva A.A. , Gassanova G.G. , Ishmuratova M.Yu. , Myltykova R. , Eskendirov F.A.
Published: February 2025

Results of primary introductory test of 21 species of woody and shrubby plants of natural flora of the Western Kazakhstan in the conditions of Mangyshlak experimentalbotanical garden are given in article. Selection of introduced species was made from natural habitats of the Mangystau, Atyrau, Aktyubinsk and West Kazakhstan regions. Examining taxa enter into the following ecological groups: xerophytes (5 species), mesophytes (7 species), mesoxerophytes (5 species) and xeromesophytes (4 species). Primary test in culture allowed allo-cating 3 groups of plants: very steady — 9 taxa; steady — 11 taxa; not steady — 1 taxon. The analysis of economic and useful properties allowed defining that 15 species are suitable as ornamental plants, 10 — as food, 8 — phytomeliorative, 11 — melliferous, 6 — medicinal, 2 — as a stock for reproduction of cultivars. The correlation between ecological group of a taxon and resistance to local climate is not revealed. Species for further introductory test are defined.
Contamination of soil with heavy metals in industrial districts of Kokshetau
Authors: Tazitdinova R.M. , Beisenova R.R. , Grigoryev A.I. , Issayenko O.P.
Published: February 2025

The article reveals the research results on soil contamination with heavy metals of Kokshetau and Vasilkovsky gold ore deposit. Soil contamination with heavy metals is of a high danger due to the fact that soils are able to actively accumulate heavy metals. Heavy metals can further soak into plant and animal organisms straight from the soil, and then ultimately intothe human body. Main soil pollutants such as zinc, copper and arsenic were identified with arsenic being the main contaminant. As a result of the research, the map was compiled, where the trial sites was marked and zinc, copper and arsenic concentrations in the soils of the industrial areas of the city and beyond was identified. It was found that in the industrial areas of Kokshetau and influence zone of Vasilkovsky gold ore deposit the soils were mostly contaminated with arsenic, and significant excess of zinc and copper maximum permissible concentrations were noted. Zinc concentration exceeded MPC value from 3 to 8 times, copper exceeded from 2 to 22 times, arsenic exceeded from 7 to 361 times.
Effectiveness of The ME Online Program to Reduce Medication Errors among Primary Health Care Units in The City Areas of The Thai-Cambodian Border Provinces, Thailand
Authors: Pongprom Sasithorn , Tanthanapanyakorn Phannathat , Khantikulanon Nonlapan , Mungkhunthod Sootthikarn , Praserttai Chaninan , Fangchaiyaphum Rungtiwa , Siwilai Warangkhana , Harnprasop Yossapatr
Published: February 2025

Objective: Medication errors are considered significant issues in public health operations. They are frequently encountered and continuously increasing, particularly in the border provinces of Thailand and Cambodia. This study was a quasi-experimental study conducted in order to examine the effectiveness of the ME online program for reducing medication errors in primary care units (PHCs) in the city areas of the Thai-Cambodian border.Material and Methods: This study was conducted using a one-group pretest and posttest design by recruiting 36 participants responsible for drug administration through stratified sampling. They received the ME online program for 4 months. This program was designed to address knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to medication errors. The ME online platform was developed using Google Forms and Line official accounts to report and summarize medication errors. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and paired t-tests.Results: The findings indicate statistically significant increases in the mean scores of knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to medication errors compared to baseline and 4 months (p-value<0.001). Additionally, the rate of medication errors decreased from 7.4% to 4.5% compared to the baseline and 4 months after implementing the program. The Category B medication error rate was reduced from 7.2% to 4.5%, and Category A from 0.2% to 0.0%. There was a statistically significant reduction in the medication error rates compared to baseline and at 4 months (p-value=0.038).Conclusion: This ME online program effectively reduced medication errors and could also be integrated for collecting and reporting such events. Furthermore, it could be extended for an implementation in other areas of the Thai-Cambodian border provinces.
Design, fabrication, and performance testing of an energy storage and return (ESAR) foot prosthesis made of prepreg carbon composite
Authors: Ismail Rifky , Nursafitri Murti Ayu , Fardinansyah Akmal Putra , Fitriyana Deni Fajar , Bayuseno Athanasius Priharyoto , Siregar Januar Parlaungan , Setiyo Muji , Istiqomah Alfiana Fitri , Sulistyo Sulistyo
Published: February 2025

The high demand for prosthetics in Indonesia is not followed by the ability and quality of local production to fulfill the community's needs. There is a lack of comprehensive data regarding the specific challenges encountered by local prosthetic manufacturers in Indonesia, particularly in terms of technological limitations. This study aims to understand the effect of design parameters on the performance of the energy storage and return (ESAR) foot prosthesis prototype in normal walking activities for amputees. Three different designs were created according to commercial products, and a convergence test was conducted to ensure accurate results. Finite element method (FEM) analysis was used to determine the amount of deformation that occurred in each design made when applied with 824 N axial force. The ESAR foot prosthesis prototype made from carbon prepreg was fabricated using an out-of-autoclave method, and the mechanical testing was performed with a compressive test. The results indicated that the optimal design for the ESAR foot prosthesis determined by the decision matrix scoring criteria was Design 3. The final scores for Designs 1, 2, and 3 were 54, 53, and 77, respectively. Design 3 is the easiest to manufacture, has the slightest complexity, and the lightest mass, and undergoes the least deformation during simulation, although it is the least attractive. The study found a significant difference in displacement between the deflections obtained from simulation and experiment. This occurred because the prototype was found to have delamination, which decreased the load-bearing ability of the prototype during compressive testing. Compressive testing on the prototype yielded a deflection of 22.695 mm in heel strike and 18.065 mm in toe-off positions, while FEM analysis showed 16.377 mm and 3.912 mm. Therefore, strict quality control is essential, especially when using materials such as carbon prepreg, which are prone to delamination if not properly processed.
Carboxymethyl cellulose films derived from pineapple waste: Fabrication and properties
Authors: Suryanto Heru , Syukri Daimon , Faridah Anni , Yanuhar Uun , Binoj Joseph Selvi , Nusantara Fajar , Komarudin Komarudin , Ulhaq Ulfieda Anwar
Published: February 2025

Plastic waste poses a significant environmental challenge due to its non-biodegradable nature, emphasizing the need for sustainable alternatives like bioplastics from natural resources. This study develops and characterizes bioplastic films made from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) derived from bacterial cellulose synthesized using pineapple biowaste. Pineapple waste underwent fermentation to produce bacterial cellulose, which was chemically modified into CMC. Films were fabricated using CMC solutions with varying glycerol concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.5% v/v). Characterization techniques, including SEM, XRD, FTIR, TGA, mechanical testing, and antibacterial assays, revealed that increasing glycerol concentrations smoothed the film's cross-sectional morphology, reduced crystallinity, and altered functional groups (e.g., new peaks at 870 cm⁻¹ and 935 cm⁻¹ attributed to C–H deformation). TGA indicated a four-stage thermal degradation pattern, with mass loss increasing from 77.2% to 88.4% at 2.5% glycerol, reflecting enhanced plasticization. Mechanical testing showed that the highest glycerol concentration increased film flexibility by 40.7 times while reducing tensile strength by 89.7%. Antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus also improved with glycerol content. These results demonstrate the potential of CMC-based bioplastic films as sustainable packaging materials, offering customizable properties and promoting the value-added use of agricultural waste.
Principal contradictions in the way of West Siberian berrias-aptian deposit’s regional stratigraphic schemes developing
Authors: Grishkevich V. F. , Nezhdanov A. A. , Oleynik E. V.
Published: February 2025

The regional stratigraphic schemes of Jurassic and Cretaceous deposits in Western Siberia, approved over the last fifty years, reflect a conflict between the current clinoform concept and an outdated plane-parallel model. The “survivability” of the outdated model in the main stratigraphic documentation of the sedimentation basin is explained by the rejection of scientific comprehensive interpretation principle in former discussions. In these discussions, the biostratigraphic age evaluations had grand favor primacy in compare with any geophysical and geological information in conflict situation. 

Materials and methods. This study analyzes and compares the data from the clinoform lithostratigraphic model with the available biostratigraphic dates for the current stage of sedimentary basin research. 

Conclusions. The lithologostratigraphic model has greater proven reliability and accuracy than disparate biostratigraphic dates. On the one hand, there are hundreds of thousands of reservoir intersections in wells and millions of points of seismic interpretation in the inter–well space. On the other hand, there are less than five hundred valid definitions of index fossils (ammonites) for the entire productive sequencts.

Suggestion. Notes the need for urgent resumption of the work of the Regional Interagency Stratigraphic Meeting. It should prepare a balanced version of the stratigraphic schemes for the Upper Jurassic and Berriasian-Aptian deposits. We propose a methodology for developing complex, verified collective stratigraphic solutions through the efforts of the Regional Meeting.
On the prospects of gas potential in the Southern and Southeastern parts of the Kurgan region
Authors: Leontiev D. S. , Arsenyev A. A.
Published: February 2025

At present, the issue of oil and gas potential in the Kurgan region, the question remains open. Without convincing evidence, some specialists believe that the depths of the Kurgan TransUrals is of little interest for hydrocarbon extraction.

On the other hand, some experts suggest that, although the hydrocarbon deposits in the region are not large, their discovery is possible if the directions for exploration and prospecting work are carefully justified, with special attention to Paleozoic deposits.

The aim of the study is to examine the gas potential of the southern and southeastern parts of the Kurgan region. The method of research is the analytical.

While working, the authors presented data on well testing in the Zverinogolovsky, Lebyazhyevsky, Makushinsky, Vargashinsky, and Petukhovsky districts, as well as developed a generalized map of gas manifestations in the study area. Practical importance of the study is in identifying and specifying areas where hydrocarbon exploration and geological surveys should be prioritized.
Mathematical modeling of oil spill accidents during high water
Authors: Chelombitko S. I.
Published: February 2025

Field pipeline failures can occur for various reasons during oil field development, resulting in emergency oil spills on the surface. In 2001, specialists from the State Committee on Ecology examined the Yamal-Nenets autonomous district and found that half of the areas with dense concentrations of wells referred to as "clusters," contained oil spills. In addition, considering the functioning characteristics of leaks at oil fields, the actual pollution area is estimated to be 2.5 to 10 times larger than what can be visually observed. According to some sources, by the early 2000s, approximately 350,000 kilometres of in-field and inter-field oil pipelines were operational in Russia. These field pipelines experienced between 50,000 to 60,000 failures each year, including ruptures and corrosion holes with leaks. The volume of oil spilt was estimated to range from 1% to 7% of the total production volume. 

It has been found that the annual discharge of oils and oil products from major rivers in Western Siberia into the Arctic seas amounts to: the Ob River contributes up to 600,000 tons, the Yenisei River up to 360,000 tons, and the Lena River up to 50,000 tons. In the Ob River basin alone, up to 1.5 million tons of oil are discharged each year, resulting in the loss of natural significance for approximately 250 rivers and 1,200 streams. Emergency leaks that occur in spring, when a layer of meltwater is present on the surface, can cause the oil slick to spread extensively due to wind effects, leading to uncontrolled environmental pollution.  Oil slick movement on the water surface may extend to important protected areas, such as rivers, lakes, and streams, resulting in further contamination. Therefore, mathematical modelling of the emergency spread of spilt oil on a natural surface covered with meltwater is essential for addressing various situations in engineering practice. Predictive calculations using the proposed mathematical model allow for the evaluation of the oil slick's spread dynamics, providing the basis for necessary actions to localize the spill and prevent pollution of critical protected natural areas.

Predictive calculations using this mathematical model can help evaluate the dynamics of the oil slick's spread, providing a basis for necessary actions to localize the spill and prevent pollution of critical protected natural areas.
A Comparative Study of Male and Female Nursing in Pakistan: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Abbas Hassan , Hamza Ali , Majeed Ihtasham
Published: February 2025

Pakistan is one of the countries around the world that is creating job opportunities for the health sector instead of a weak economy. The government is creating more facilities for the health sector. The government is increasing the health budget to patch up health-related issues. However, there is also a need to enhance the nursing staff to care for the patients and facilitate them as best as it is possible. In Pakistan, the nursing profession has many types of problems related to their salaries, their shortage of vacancies, and other religious, cultural, and ethical issues. However, the government is trying to facilitate the nursing profession and overcome all the health-related issues. Pakistan Nursing Council (PNC) is the main body to controls the nursing profession in Pakistan. PNC is a regulating body that frames the rules and regulations for nursing institutions in Pakistan.
Mature teratoma with a germinoma component presenting with undetectable placental alkaline phosphatase in cerebrospinal fluid: illustrative case
Authors: Oki Sogo , Yamaguchi Shigeru , Okamoto Michinari , Ishi Yukitomo , Kanno-Okada Hiromi , Takakuwa Emi , Terashita Yukayo , Hirabayashi Shinsuke , Nishioka Kentaro , Hashimoto Takayuki , Manabe Atsushi , Fujimura Miki
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Diagnosing intracranial mixed germ cell tumors (GCTs) can be challenging due to intratumoral heterogeneity. Placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a highly sensitive and specific marker for identifying pure germinomas and germinoma components within mixed GCTs.

OBSERVATIONS

The authors present the case of a 6-year-old boy presenting with a 5-day history of vomiting and headache. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a heterogeneously enhanced mass with cystic areas in the pineal region. Preoperative serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin, as well as CSF PLAP levels, were not elevated, leading to a preliminary diagnosis of mature teratoma. The tumor was completely resected, and pathological examination of the resected tissue confirmed a mature teratoma with germinoma components. Given the diagnosis of mixed GCT with a germinoma component, the patient underwent postoperative radiation chemotherapy. There has been no recurrence after 8 years of follow-up.

LESSONS

In this case, the preoperative CSF PLAP level failed to predict the presence of a germinoma component. This report highlights a potential limitation of CSF PLAP as a diagnostic marker, noting that CSF PLAP may be undetectable if the germinoma is confined to a localized area.

https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24588
OPPORTUNITIES OF FLIGHT CONTROLLER CC3D WITH INAV FIRMWARE
Authors:   Khmelnytskyi National University, MYASISCHEV A
Published: February 2025

An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based on a flight controller cc3d with a built-in gyroscope and accelerometer, 3-axis compass HMC5883L, barometer / altimeter BMP180, GPS receiver u-blox NEO-6M was developed. The firmware used is INAV ver.1.7.2, which supports navigation functions. Four motorized multirotor – quadrocopter is used as a frame. The designed quadcopter is able to perform the following flight modes: ANGLE – automatic leveling of the pitch and pitch with control of the angle of the horizon, the set value of which cannot be exceeded, thus achieving stable flight. Here a gyroscope and an accelerometer are used to hold the horizon. NAV ALTHOLD – hold height. Here a barometer is used, which helps to maintain the height of the air pressure. NAV POSHOLD – position is held. Uses GPS. NAV RTH (Return To Home) – return home to the take-off point. The controller remembers the point where Arming is produced and allows you to return the UAV to this point. Failsafe RTH – rescue mode, which sends the UAV home (to the point where the engines were started – Arming) in case of loss of communication with the ground station. AIR MODE is a mode of dynamic regulation of the PID regulator, which provides full PID correction during zero throttle and enables smooth flight and aerobatic flying. The possibility of using the STM32 Flash loader demonstrator program as a programmer to replace the firmware in cc3d from OpenPilot to INAV is shown. And also the ability to use it to return to the OpenPilot (LibrePilot) firmware when flashing the OpenPilot (LibrePilot) bootloader with subsequent OpenPilot (LibrePilot) firmware using the LibrePilot GCS. It is established for INAV firmware, that with a sharp increase in the throttle, the rotor, soaring upwards, loses stability and falls to the left or right side. If you do not turn down the gas and do not adjust the alignment of Roll, Pitch, the copter drops. With a smooth increase in the throttle, the copter remains steady when it rises up. Only a careful selection of engines and propellers allows the steadily steaming upward with a sharp increase in gas. Thus, the PID regulators of the INAV ver.1.7.2 firmware on the cc3d controller do not work well with sharp deviations of sticks, which leads to a crash of the copter. This is not observed on the OpenPilot (LibrePilot) firmware with the cc3d controller.
SIMPLIFIED MODEL FOR RECOGNITION FACIAL EMOTIONS
Authors: BARMAK O. , KALYTA O. , MANZIUK E. ,   Khmelnytskyi National University
Published: February 2025

There is a suggested approach for getting a simplified model to enable the realization of fast facial emotion recognition. The model realizes the hyperplane classification of mimic expressions of the main facial emotional states. The main advantage of this approach is small computational complexity, which will allow realizing the recognition of the changes in people’s emotional state without any special equipment (for low-resolution or long-distance video cameras). The sphere of application is control over the drivers in the process of driving the vehicle, complex production operators, etc. As a result of the research and processing of the collected data, the main areas of the face were identified, in which changes in facial expressions directly affect the reflection of emotional states. These are areas with eyebrows, eyes, and lips. The final stage of the study was the definition of the variety of qualitative characteristics of the displacements of marks or groups of marks. To determine the forms of grouping states as a reflection of a set of features, we apply the approach proposed in the paper [9]. The approach allows the use of data visualization techniques to visually display characteristic forms of data grouping. These grouped data determine the classes of emotional displays. An important aspect is the ability to set the boundaries of class division, in our case, emotional states. The location of borders can be adjusted depending on the quality and quantity of data. This form of adaptation allows a more flexible application of the technology of recognition of mimic expressions of emotions and adaptation to the data body. Although mimic displays due to physiological particularities are typical displays of emotions, the boundaries of data separation need to be adjusted for accurate distinguishment of classes of emotions. This allows the use of hyperplane classification. The validity of the proposed model is suggested to test on the synthesized data. This is possible because the real input will belong to the same intervals as artificially created. The main advantage of the proposed approach is the small computational complexity that will allow the recognition of changes in the human emotional state by facial expressions without the use of specialized equipment (for low-resolution or long-distance video cameras).
PURIFICATION OF HIDROCARBON MIXTURES BY MEANS OF GRANULAR SORPTION MATERIALS
Authors:   Khmelnytskyi National University, HANZIUK A
Published: February 2025

Their drawback can be explained by the high cost and regeneration complexity. That is why the usage of natural sorbents (Tashkiv saponite deposits, Khmelnytskyi region). They are able to clean contaminated water from colloidal, molecular and ionic substances. Exploring the specified topic, physicochemical properties of various forms of saponites are studied; the area of their usage is defined. The paste for cleaning contaminated surfaces is developed on their basis. The research results have shown that the most effective method is to use natural saponite. The author of the article advises to conduct preliminary acid activation of clay minerals and modification of its surface multivalent metal salts. Saponite clay granulate is obtained with different time and sintering temperature. Granulation is shown to improve the strength and filtration characteristics of natural sorbents, increasing the filtration rate and the duration of the filter cycle. The influence of the granulation process on the sorption properties of the obtained granulated aluminosilicates is investigated. A detailed hydrocarbon analysis of the A-92 starting gasoline is carried out. The composition of the purified samples of the hydrocarbon mixture is evaluated with gas chromatography using saponite granulate (Octane rating = 94,013 according to the method of research) under static conditions. The structure changes of raw and acid activated saponite clay has been investigated by nitrogen adsorption method and scanning electron microscopy. Established that the porous structure of saponite clay mineral represented by micro-meso porous system with domination of micropores. Acid modification promotes the development of specific surface area (from 47,7 m2/g to 177,9 m2/g) and increase the total volume of pores (from 0,134 cm3/g to 0,201 cm3/g).
Adsorption Condition of Geopolymer Synthesized from Corncob Ash Using NaOH and NaSiO for Methylen Blue Removal
Authors: Wardhani Gladys Ayu Paramita Kusumah , Yahya Amri
Published: February 2025

In this study, geopolymer G10 based corncob ash were synthesized by alkaline activation using NaOH 10 M-Na2SiO3(2:1) with ratio 5:3. The G10 were characterized by X-Ray fluorescence (XRF) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and applied to methylene blue adsorptiom in an aqueous media  in batch method. Adsorption efficiency were observed in optimum pH, contact time, adsorbent weight, and methylene blue concentration using UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The resulting geopolymer is brown at a drying temperature of corncob powder at 80 ℃. Based on the XRF results, the Si:Al ratio value in corncob ash was 3:1. The bonds in the geopolymer include, Si-O-Si, Si-O-Al, Si-OH, and Al-O-Si. Optimum adsorption conditions were obtained at pH 3, contact time at 120 menit, adsorben weight is 50 mg, and initial concentration of methylene blue is 200 mg/L.
PENGARUH PARTISIPASI DAN KEMAMPUAN PENGGUNA TERHADAP KINERJA SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI
Authors: Budayani Putu Agustin , Sukayasa I Ketut , Suarta I Made
Published: February 2025

Lembaga keuangan mikro dan kecil sangat membutuhkan dukungan TIK untuk menghasilkan informasi secara tepat waktu, akurat, dan dapat dipercaya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengukap hubungan antara partisipasi dan kemampuan pengguna sistem dengan kinerja sistem informasi akuntansi pada LPD di Kecamatan Mengwi. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner yang diberikan pada 115 karyawan LPD di Kecamatan Mengwi. Data dianalisis dengan regresi linier berganda. Temuan penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa partisipasi dan kemampuan pengguna, baik secara sendiri-sendiri maupun bersama-sama memberikan kontribusi yang positif dan signifikan terhadap peningkatan kinerja sistem informasi akuntansi pada LPD di Kecamatan Mengwi. Hasil penelitian ini perlu dimaknai bahwa penting untuk meningkatkan partisipasi pengguna dalam mengembangkan sistem informasi akuntansi yang akan diterapkan di perusahaan. Selain itu, kemampuan pengguna atau keterampilan karyawan agar selalu ditingkatkan sesuai dengan perkembangan teknologi yang digunakan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar dilakukan penelitian lanjutan untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor lain yang belum tecakup dalam penelitian ini, serta apabila memungkinkan dilakukan subyek yang lebih luas.
KEBERLANJUTAN KINERJA LINGKUNGAN: INVESTASI MASA DEPAN BERBASIS EKONOMI HIJAU BAGI NILAI PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Heriyah Heriyah
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa kinerja lingkungan adalah elemen kunci dalam menciptakan nilai perusahaan yang berkelanjutan. Perusahaan yang mengintegrasikan prinsip-prinsip ekonomi hijau dalam operasionalnya tidak hanya meningkatkan daya saing tetapi juga menarik investasi yang lebih besar dan memberikan dampak positif bagi lingkungan. Dengan semakin meningkatnya perhatian global terhadap isu lingkungan, strategi berbasis keberlanjutan menjadi kebutuhan mendesak. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 165 perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama periode 2019 hingga 2023.  Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan SPSS serta melakukan analisis regresi. Penelitian berkontribusi pada analisis keuangan dimana hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa meskipun struktur modal dan kebijakan dividen tidak secara signifikan memengaruhi nilai perusahaan, pertumbuhan perusahaan, profitabilitas, dan keputusan investasi memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan. Ke depan, penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengeksplorasi pengaruh regulasi pemerintah, tren pasar, dan faktor eksternal lainnya terhadap hubungan antara keberlanjutan dan nilai perusahaan. Pendekatan holistik ini dapat membantu perusahaan dalam menciptakan keseimbangan antara pertumbuhan ekonomi, keberlanjutan lingkungan, dan kesejahteraan sosial.