bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Os 20 Anos do Artigo 170 de Santa Catarina – precursor das Políticas de Ação Afirmativa na Educação Superior brasileira
Authors: Dias André , Meneghel Stela Maria
Published: March 2021

Nos últimos anos, grande parte do debate acerca da democratização da Educação Superior no Brasil tem se pautado na lógica redistributiva da Lei de Cotas, que busca apoiar os segmentos mais vulneráveis da sociedade em seu acesso à formação acadêmica, a fim de reduzir a desigualdade social. Nessa perspectiva, cabe ao Estado responsabilidade não apenas por políticas de acesso, mas também de permanência na Educação Superior. Este artigo aborda o histórico daquele que foi o precursor dentre os programas governamentais do país na oferta de auxílio à permanência dos estudantes em instituições de educação superior - o programa de bolsas do Artigo 170 da Constituição do Estado de Santa Catarina. Criado em 1989, ele recém completa 20 anos se consolidando como uma importante iniciativa, ao lado de outras políticas de ação afirmativa do país, para reduzir a desigualdade na sociedade brasileira no que tange ao sucesso na ES. Ao final, são identificados pontos positivos do programa - abrangência da política, qualidade das instituições participantes e regularidade dos recursos aplicados – e, também, desafios tendo em vista seu aperfeiçoamento: maior acompanhamento do Estado e promoção de uma avaliação do programa; ampliação da visibilidade e transparência dos recursos empregados; e revisão de critérios para concessão do benefícios (para estudantes e instituições).
Identifying sociodemographic profiles of veterans at risk for high-dose opioid prescribing using classification and regression trees
Authors: Lipkin, MD Jacob S. , Thorpe, PhD, MPH Joshua M. , Gellad, MD, MPH Walid F. , Hanlon, PharmD, MS Joseph T. , Zhao, PhD Xinhua , Thorpe, PhD, MPH Carolyn T. , Sileanu, MS Florentina E. , Cashy, PhD John P. , Hale, BA Jennifer A. , Mor, PhD Maria K. , Radomski, MD, MS Thomas R. , Good, MD, MPH Chester B. , Fine, MD, MSc Michael J. , Hausmann, PhD Leslie R. M.
Published: March 2021

Objective: To identify sociodemographic profiles of patients prescribed high-dose opioids.Design: Cross-sectional cohort study.Setting/Patients: Veterans dually-enrolled in Veterans Health Administration and Medicare Part D, with ≥1 opioid prescription in 2012.Main Outcome Measures: We identified five patient-level demographic characteristics and 12 community variables reflective of region, socioeconomic deprivation, safety, and internet connectivity. Our outcome was the proportion of veterans receiving >120 morphine milligram equivalents (MME) for ≥90 consecutive days, a Pharmacy Quality Alliance measure of chronic high-dose opioid prescribing. We used classification and regression tree (CART) methods to identify risk of chronic high-dose opioid prescribing for sociodemographic subgroups.Results: Overall, 17,271 (3.3 percent) of 525,716 dually enrolled veterans were prescribed chronic high-dose opioids. CART analyses identified 35 subgroups using four sociodemographic and five community-level measures, with high-dose opioid prescribing ranging from 0.28 percent to 12.1 percent. The subgroup (n = 16,302) with highest frequency of the outcome included veterans who were with disability, age 18-64 years, white or other race, and lived in the Western Census region. The subgroup (n = 14,835) with the lowest frequency of the outcome included veterans who were without disability, did not receive Medicare Part D Low Income Subsidy, were >85 years old, and lived in communities within the second and sixth to tenth deciles of community public assistance.Conclusions: Using CART analyses with sociodemographic and community-level variables only, we identified subgroups of veterans with a 43-fold difference in chronic high-dose opioid prescriptions. Interactions among disability, age, race/ ethnicity, and region should be considered when identifying high-risk subgroups in large populations.
Tapentadol is the least common opioid found in admission urine drug-test results at an intensive outpatient opioid-use disorder treatment program in Ohio: A brief report
Authors: Rzetelny, PhD Adam , Meske, PhD Diana , Patel, MD, FACOG, FASAM Parag , Passik, PhD Steven
Published: March 2021

Background: Previous data suggest that tapentadol, an atypical opioid with a putative dual mechanism of action, has relatively low rates of abuse. A better understanding of the rates of abuse among different prescription opioids may help clinicians when considering their potential risks and benefits. The results of urine drug tests (UDTs) may provide a unique opportunity to help answer this question.Method: To investigate different rates of prescription-opioid abuse in this retrospective study, we examined urine drug test results from patients seeking treatment at four facilities of an opioid-use-disorder (OUD) treatment program in Ohio. Urine specimens were collected on admission, one from each patient, in the regular course of care. The opioids reviewed in the present study were tapentadol, hydrocodone, oxycodone, hydromorphone, oxymorphone, and tramadol. Drug dispensing data, including morphine-milligram equivalents (MME) dispensed, were examined to adjust for the relative prevalence of each opioid being examined.Results: Data from 4,162 patients were examined. Tapentadol was the least common finding in UDT results in this cohort and remained so after adjusting for drug availability. The percentage of specimens positive for a given opioid ranged from 0.12 percent (tapentadol) to 7.04 percent (oxycodone). The availability and MME adjustments resulted in a change of rank order, with tapentadol remaining the lowest but tramadol replacing oxycodone as the prescription opioid with the highest rate of abuse.Conclusions: In this sample of UDT results from patients seeking treatment at an OUD program in Ohio, tapentadol was the least frequent finding among the opioids examined, and this remained true when adjusting for dispensing data. Factors potentially contributing to this difference may include pharmacological properties unique to tapentadol. Several important limitations notwithstanding, these findings are consistent with previous real-world evidence and warrant an ongoing line of inquiry.
Iatrogenic addiction or dependence as a result of prescription oxycodone use in persons with chronic noncancer pain: A systematic review
Authors: Dol, BSc Megan , Oremus, PhD Mark
Published: March 2021

Objective: To determine the incidence of addiction and dependence in persons with chronic noncancer pain (CNCP) who are treated with oxycodone.Design: Systematic review following PRISMA guidelines.Methods: PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to January 2020. Of 1,320 retrieved citations screened by two independent raters at title and abstract and full-text screening, six articles fulfilled the eligibility criteria for the systematic review. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment followed article screening. The Cochrane Collaboration tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) were used to assess the risk of bias in individual studies.Results: Two of the six articles reported addiction and the remaining four reported dependence. The incidence rates of addiction were 2.91 percent and 1.72 percent, and the incidence rates of dependence were 0.00 percent, 0.44 percent, 0.45 percent, and 5.77 percent. In all articles, addiction and dependence were treated as secondary outcomes. Three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) had follow-up lengths of less than 31 days, which is insufficient to assess the incidence of addiction or dependence.Conclusions: The results of this systematic review show that oxycodone use leads to addiction and dependence in a small proportion of individuals with CNCP. However, one must exercise caution when drawing conclusions from the six included articles. Future studies in the area should examine addiction and dependence as primary outcomes using adequate follow-up periods.
Resveratrol (3,4ʹ,5-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) or caffeic acid phenethyl ester supplementation prevents premature ovarian insufficiency due to chemotherapy
Authors: Ersahin Suat S.
Published: March 2021

Introduction

This study was planned to investigate the protective effect of resveratrol (RSV), caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on chemotherapy-induced premature ovarian insufficiency (POI).

Material and methods

Twenty-eight female rats were divided into four groups with 7 rats in each group. The groups consisted of a vehicle-treated control group (group 1), rats treated with chemotherapy followed by intraperitoneal RSV injection (group 2) or rats treated with chemotherapy followed by CoQ10 (group 3), or rats treated with chemotherapy followed by intraperitoneal CAPE injection (group 4). Cisplatin was administered intraperitoneally once daily at doses of 2.0 mg/kg for 10 days. Rats in groups 2, 3, and 4 were given RSV (100 mg/kg, i.p.), CoQ10 (20 mg/kg, oral), and CAPE (10 mg/kg, i.p.) respectively. Five animals in the sham group underwent laparotomy for ovarian weight measurements on the first day of cisplatin injection. Animals in the treatment and control groups were sacrificed two weeks later, and their ovaries were excised for histopathological analysis. Serum levels of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) were also analyzed.

Results

Rats in groups 2 and 4 showed vaginal smears under estrogenic effect. At the end of the second week, the total body weight and ovarian weight of the animals in group 1 increased. Significantly higher mean follicle count was detected in groups 2 and group 4 compared to group 3. The ovaries of the rats in the control group showed follicles in all stages of development. While the ovaries of the rats in the RSV or CAPE showed significantly decreased numbers of primordial follicles they showed increased numbers of early growing follicles.

Conclusions

Both RSV and CAPE administration might improve follicle survival and AMH production in rats with chemotherapy-induced POI but further research is necessary.
Body-Space-Relation in Parkour : Street Practices and Visual Representations
Authors: Braune Ines
Published: March 2021

Parkour today is a global subcultural scene that combines street with
media practices. Parkour consists of a local moment, fundamentally
concerned with the materiality of the street, and simultaneously of a global
digital discourse, which involves millions of parkour actors. While the
spatial knowledge requires a very close knowledge and tactile contact of
the surface’s nature of space, the media representations seem to reflect an
opposite image, namely the detachedness of space. In this chapter, I will
address the question of space-making and spatial practices in Morocco
and the relation to parkour’s visual representations.
Where is Iran? Politics between State and Nation, Inside and Outside the Polity
Authors: Sreberny Annabelle , Khiabany Gholam
Published: March 2021

Three powerful spatial dynamics are at work in the analysis of a country’s
political orbit. One is the classic remit of the international relations between
states. The second is the mainstream remit of political analysis,
the national dialogue – sometimes open, often constrained – between
the state and its inhabitants. In addition, the third is the cross-border
space between the state and its citizens who – as diaspora, exiles, and
migrants – live in other countries. Too often, each is analysed in isolation,
part of the intellectually unedifying division of academic work. In this
chapter, we explore where contemporary Iranian politics exists and how
it is played out through each of these political geographies.
Persuasive Games, A Decade Later
Authors: Bogost Ian
Published: March 2021

More than a decade ago, Bogost invented the concept of ‘procedural
rhetoric’—the idea that games and software can make arguments through
their mechanics. Even earlier, he founded a studio called Persuasive Games
that adopted procedural rhetoric as a design philosophy. These ideas
have had some influence on game studies and design, including finding
their way into the title of this volume. And yet the promise of persuasive
games in the world as a force that would introduce systems literacy to
the mass media has not been successful. What happened, and what—if
anything—can be done about it?
Looking Beyond Persuasion Through Rule-Based Representations in Digital Games: Designing Games to Shape, Reinforce, or Change Attitudes
Authors: de la Hera Teresa , Raessens Joost
Published: March 2021

Can digital games be used for persuasion? The results of studies that
have tried to validate the persuasive potential of digital games seem to
be inconclusive. This is because there are multiple ways and strategies to
persuade players through games, and some of these may work to address
specific goals while others do not. So, the question is not if digital games
can be used to persuade players but how these games can be efficiently
designed to intentionally change attitudes. To better explain how digital
games can be efficiently designed for persuasion, we will refer to the
shortcomings mentioned by Sicart when arguing against procedurality
and how we believe these flaws can be addressed to ensure the persuasive
efficiency of digital games.
Designing for Persuasion through Embodied Experiences in Virtual Reality
Authors: Ahn Sun Joo
Published: March 2021

Embodied experiences in virtual reality (VR) involves the reproduction
of sufficiently realistic sensory information so that users are able to see,
hear, and feel experiences as if they are going through them at the moment.
A growing body of literature evinces that the effects of these virtual
experiences carry over into the physical world to impact attitudes and
behaviors in the physical world. Underlying mechanisms of embodied
experiences that produce these outcomes are discussed in the context of
media affordances or interactions between novel attributes of VR and user
perceptions of them. Design implications to maximize persuasive effects
are examined and illustrated with case studies. Finally, the limitations
of embodied experiences are considered using the efficiency framework.
The volatility of the Dow Jones Pharmaceuticals and Biotechnology Index in the context of the Coronavirus crisis
Authors: Darie Flavius , Tache Illena
Published: March 2021

This paper’s analysis was triggered by the outbreak of the new virus
COVID-19. In December 2019, the Chinese officials alerted the World
Health Organization (WHO) of the existence of an unknown deadly virus.
Coronavirus has rapidly spread across the world - to Europe, Middle East
and the USA, forcing the World Health Organization to declare COVID-19
a global pandemic. Its spread has generated major concerns for the health
and economic sectors. Meanwhile, all countries hope for the development
of a vaccine. Using as a research method the EGARCH model, this paper
investigates if it can be applied to model the trend of volatility of the
pharmaceuticals and biotechnology markets, especially during the health
crisis. More specifically, this paper tries to identify whether different
specifications of univariate GARCH models can usefully anticipate
volatility in the stock indices market. The study uses estimates from both a
symmetric and an asymmetric GARCH models, namely GARCH (1, 1) and
EGARCH models, for the Dow Jones Pharmaceuticals and Biotechnology
index (DJUSPN). The dataset is extracted from “Investing.com” and covers
the period September 2019 - August 2020, resulting in a total of
approximately 252 daily closing prices. The data focuses on the response of
the highest capitalized pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies from
the US to combat the outbreak of the coronavirus. This study concludes that
the EGARCH model is better than the unconditional volatility and the
conditional GARCH (1, 1) volatility and it is best suited for modelling and
forecasting the fluctuations of the stock indexes.
Duševné zdravie ako komplexný dynamický systém: sieťový prístup k psychopatológii
Authors:   Univerzita Karlova, Czech Republic, Ropovik Ivan , Adamkovič Matúš , Baník Gabriel
Published: February 2021

Currently, mental disorders are usually conceptualized as a hidden causal factor, manifested by its symptoms. This notion rests upon the reflective latent model, which is implicitly at work every time complex symptomatology gets summarized by a single number or a categorical state. The present paper reflects on the quantitative, testable implications of this psychometric model and shows how its restraints are untenable for most mental disorders. The observed data are instead consistent with mental disorders being complex dynamic systems. Instead of being treated as interchangeable measures of the same latent factor, symptoms likely act as independent causal entities, directly affecting each other. In recent years, this shift in ontological stance toward psychopathology has laid a basis for adapting the network theory. Under this theory, a mental disorder is a relatively stable emergent state, which arises due to a pronounced and recurrent interaction of causally linked symptoms. It is discussed how models embedded within the network theory can help provide insight into the etiopathogenesis of mental disorders and address clinical intervention. In conclusion, limits and future challenges to the network theory are discussed.
The perceived stress scale: Reliability and validity study in the Czech Republic
Authors:   Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci, Czech Republic, Figalová Nikol , Charvát Miroslav
Published: February 2021

Objectives. The aim of this study was to create a Czech translation of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), to assess its psychometric properties on a representative sample of the Czech general adult population, and to compare the original 14-item version (PSS-14) with the shortened 10-item (PSS-10) and four-item (PSS-4) versions. Sample and setting. Two pilot studies were conducted to create the final Czech translation of the scale (n = 365 and n = 420). The final version of the Czech PSS was administered to a sample of the Czech general adult population (n = 1725 of whom 981 were women, M = 44.32, SD = 12.8). The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) or the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were administered alongside the PSS to a part of the sample. A retest measurement after 14 days was conducted (n = 159). Statistical analysis. Using the confirmatory factor analysis, the one-factor, two-factor and bifactor models were compared. The internal consistency, stability in time, and convergent validity of the scale, as well as the known-group differences, were assessed. The three versions of the PSS were compared. Results. The confirmatory factor analysis supported the bifactor model of the PSS-14 and PSS-10, and the two-factor model of the PSS-4. All versions of the scale showed good internal consistency and stability in time. There was a moderate to strong positive correlation between the PSS and the BDI-II and STAI. Differences based on age, sex, education level, and situational factors were found. Overall, the PSS-10 showed the best psychometric properties of all three versions of the scale. Study limitation. The sample consisted mostly of highly educated respondents.
ANALISIS PENGARUH SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI PENJUALAN DAN PENERIMAAN KAS TERHADAP SISTEM PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL (STUDI KASUS PADA PT. GOLDENCOMMUNICATION TANJUNG BALAI KARIMUN)
Authors: Yusmalina  , Elvi Sahfitri Sri , Fadli Kasirul , Tambunan Ferawaty
Published: March 2021

Penerapan sistem informasi pada suatu bisnis secara umum dapat meningkatkan keunggulan bersaing (competitive advantage) dengan cara memberikan nilai tambah pada produk dan jasa yang dihasilkannya. Penerapan sistem informasi memerlukan input berupa data dan yang kemudian akan diproses menjadi informasi. Informasi ini nantinya diperlukan perusahaan untuk membantu operasionalnya dan juga dalam pengambilan keputusan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh gambaran secara menyeluruh mengenai pengaruh Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Penjualan Dan Penerimaan Kas Terhadap Pengendalian Intern. Penulis dalam melakukan penelitian dengan menggunakan penelitian asosiatif, dengan menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Peneliti menggunakan penelitian asosiatif karena pertanyaan dalam penelitian ini bersifat menanyakan hubungan antara dua variabel dengan prosedur pengumpulan data penelitian lapangan (field research) yang bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran yang jelas mengenai penelitian. Dimana pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi atau lapangan. Melalui penelitian yang dilakukan penulis, maka didapat hasil antara lain: hasil perhitungan antara variabel independent yaitu Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Penjualan dan Penerimaan Kas serta variabel dependent yaitu Pengendalian Inten. Hasil dari pengujian hipotesis didalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sistem informasi akuntansi penjualan dan penerimaan kas berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap pengendalian intern.
PENGARUH VARIASI DIAMETER LUBANG NOZZLE TERHADAP DIMENSI DROPLET, SUDUT SPRAY, JARAK SPRAY, DAN BENTUK NYALA API BAHAN BAKAR MINYAK BIJI KAPUK
Authors: Rozaqi Mochammad Fitroh
Published: February 2021

Beberapa tahun trakhir ini, Indonesia mulai mengalami krisis BBM (bahan bakar minyak) minyak nabati merupakan peluang besar guna untuk mempersiapkan persediaan bahan bakar alternatif di karnakan minyak nabati ini muda di temukan di indonesia. Minyak nabati menjadi penting yang dulunya exporter sekarang menjadi importir, sehingga kami memutuskan menganalisa minyak biji kapuk sebagai mana bahan bakar alternatif pengganti bahan bakar bio solar. Dan adanya pemrosesan atomisasi bahan bakar salah satunya di pengaruhi tekanan bentuk nozzle dan diameter nozzle, sehingga bahan bakar layak untuk di gunakan minyak biji kapuk memiliki sifat atimisasi yang baik sehingga bisa membentuk butiran – butiran droplet dan dapat terbakar secara sempurna, karateristik spray seperti sudut penyebaran droplet , kecepatan spray dan ukuran droplet yang sudah ditribusikan, suda di tentukan pada proses atomisasi yang terjadi. Sehingga minyak biji kapuk perlu di analisa dengan cara melakukan penelitian tentang pengaruh variasi lubang nozzle dengan berbabagai macam diameter lubang nozzle 0,2mm, 0,4mm dan 0,6mm dengan tekanan 50 bar yang tidak di variasikan guna untuk megetahui sudut spray dengan berbagai variasi nozzle yang sebagai mana semakin besar sudut spray maka berbanding lurus dengan besarnya diameter lubang nozzle dan diameter droplet akan menjadi besar, jika diameter lubang nozzle di perbesar. sehingga panjang nyala api menjadi besar di karnakan adanya variasi diameter lubang nozzle, jarak nyala api Flashback akan semakin dekat di karnakan diameter lubang nozzle yang di variasikan peroses pengujian ini di lakukan berkali kali hingga mendapatkan data yang maksimal.
PENGARUH VARIASI TEKANAN PADA PEMBAKARAN SPRAY BAHAN BAKAR MINYAK KELAPA MURNI TERHADAP SUDUT, PANJANG NYALA API, DIAMETER DROPLET, FLASHBACK
Authors: Murdianto Irwan Tri
Published: February 2021

Ditengah tingginya kebutuhan bahan bakar fosil membuat ketersediannya menipis, Berbagai penelitian tentang minyak nabati dilakukan untuk mencari bahan bakar alternatif lain mengurangi pemakaian bahan bakar fosil Sumber minyak nabati yang mudah diperoleh ialah minyak kelapa murni Pohon kelapa telah banyak tersebar Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental pembakaran spray bahan bakar yang dipakai minyak kelapa murni dengan memvariasikan  tekanan 50 bar 75 bar dan 100 bar serta diameter nozzle 0,2mm bertipe spray solid cone proses pengujian dilakukan secara berulang ulang hingga mendapat data yang maksimal dari uji eksperimental ini didapat bahwa tekanan bisa mempengaruhi besar kecil sudut spray panjang nyala api diameter droplet flashback nyala api hasil pengujian ini diketahui semakin tinggi tekanan maka sudut akan besar sebaliknya tekanan rendah membuat sudut akan mengecil panjang nyala api bertambah panjang ketika tekanan semakin tinggi  terjadinya flashback pada penyalaan awal jarak 100mm dan 500mm diameter droplet akan bertambah kecil saat tekanan semakin tinggi
ANALISIS TEGANGAN INSERT CAVITY MOLDING RAK SEPATU TERHADAP TEKANAN 160 MPA PADA MESIN INJECTION PLASTIK MENGGUNAKAN SOFTWARE AUTODESK INVENTOR PROFESSIONAL 2017
Authors: Ulumuddin Mohammad Ihya’
Published: February 2021

Plastik merupakan salah satu bahan baku untuk membuat suatu product plastik yang berguna untuk memenuhi kebutuhan manusia, Selama  pengamatan di PT X terutama dalam proses pembuatan desain molding, di tempat tersebut tidak melakukan analisis desain menggunakan software, oleh sebab itu penulis membuat analisis molding menggunakan software, penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kekuatan plate insert cavity pada saat mendapatkan tekanan 160 MPa dari mesin injection untuk mengetahui tegangannya perlu dilakukan analisis memakai software autodesk inventor profesioanl 2017 Pada analisis ini dilakukan studi langsung di PT X Proses analisis diawali dengan membuat desain 3D molding kemudian masuk ke menu stress analysis pada kotak dialog pressure dimasukan data tekanan yang sebesar 160 Mpa, untuk bahan molding yang digunakan untuk analisis adalah stainless steel, setelah data masuk semua bisa langsung dijalankan simulation tegangannya, dari analisis akan diperoleh data tegangan seperti von misess, stress, strain, displacment, .dan safety factor Berdasarkan hasil analisis statis didapat kekuatan molding yaitu nilai von mises stress maksimum adalah 124,2  Mpa, nilai Stress maksimum adalah 118,1 Mpa, nilai displacement maksimum adalah 0,06579 mm, , nilai strain maksimum adalah 6,03 x 10-4, dengan nilai faktor keamanan 2,01 maka faktor kemanan beban pada molding masih aman mengunakan bahan stainless steel.
PENGARUH JUMLAH SUDU DAN KECEPATAN TERHADAP DAYA YANG DIHASILKAN GENERATOR LISTRIK DC SAAT BERKENDARA
Authors: Rudianto Rudianto
Published: February 2021

Kebutuhan  listrik yang sudah tersimpan pada media penyimpanan listrik (Power Bank) sangat diperlukan khususnya bagi orang saat bepergian atau orang yang profesinya yang selalu mobile ( berpindah – pindah tempat ) agar keperluan komunikasinya lancar.  Dengan memasang sudu pada generator DC serta meletakkanya pada kendaraan, maka akan timbul arus DC sehingga proses pengisian listrik pada Power Bank  bisa dilakukan saat berkendara.  Pengambilan data dibagi menjadi 3 percobaan, yaitu: Percobaan pertama untuk mengetahui variasi tegangan dan Kecepatan putaran generator. Percobaan kedua untuk mengetahui kestabilan Rangkaian pembatas tegangan sebesar 5 volt dan Percobaan ketiga untuk mengetahui besar  Arus saat pengisian ke Power Bank. Dari Variasi jumlah sudu dan Variasi kecepatan berkendara, didapatkan data yang menunjukkan Daya saat pengisian Arus ke Power Bank 2600 mAh yang dihasilkan oleh sudu 4 terbesar dibandingkan dengan sudu 2, sudu 3, sudu 5 dan sudu 6. Jadi jumlah sudu paling efektif terhadap daya yang dihasilkan oleh Generator listrik DC saat berkendara adalah sudu 4 sebesar 844,44 mW pada kecepatan 70 km/jam.
Helio Jaguaribe and Brazil´s Oil Question
Authors: Ebeling Francisco
Published: February 2021

When Helio Jaguaribe published his book “O nacionalismo na atualidade brasileira” (Nationalism in Brazil Today), its impact in Brazil´s developmental epistemic community was immediate. Among the nationalists who strongly advocated the 1953 Petrobras oil monopoly, the reaction was one of astonishment and outrage. In this article, it is argued that Jaguaribe did not seek to question the adequacy of the monopoly solution, but rather to frame the debate about the oil question on a more rational and pragmatic basis. Jaguaribe’s pioneering contribution would be followed by a rich intellectual debate of some decades between sociologists, political scientists, and economists about the significance of the Brazilian oil issue and the importance of the foundation of Petrobras in 1953 for economic development and Brazil´s affirmation in its quest for economic and political independence. The article also shows that at various times of his career Jaguaribe would return to the oil question, emphasizing in a lucid and pragmatic way, and, above all, imbued with a developmental spirit, its challenges, and possible solutions.
PAPEL DO (A) PEDAGOGO (A) HOSPITALAR: UM ENSINO HUMANIZANTE NO HOSPITAL OSWALDO CRUZ EM RECIFE – PERNAMBUCO
Authors: Souza Amanda Lins Tavares
Published: March 2021

Este artigo faz uma explanação do papel do (a) pedagogo (a) hospitalar, através de uma análise teórica e empírica vivenciada no Hospital Oswaldo Cruz em Recife – PE, por ser o único da região que comporta essa modalidade de ensino. A Pedagogia Hospitalar é uma área de atuação que visa proporcionar atendimento educacional as crianças e adolescentes que, por motivos de doenças se encontram acamadas e precisam de atendimento na classe hospitalar ou individual (nos leitos), de modo a não perderem o ano letivo. Este artigo levanta o seguinte problema de pesquisa: “Qual é o papel e a atuação pedagógica desenvolvida pelo (a) Pedagogo (a) no espaço Hospitalar?” Apresenta como Objetivo Geral: Analisar as práticas pedagógicas adotadas pelo Pedagogo Hospitalar visando a compreensão de sua metodologia, avaliação e didática de ensino tanto nos leitos hospitalares quanto na sala de aula do Hospital Universitário Oswaldo Cruz em Recife – PE de modo a compreender as dificuldades e conquistas adquiridas por este profissional em sua atuação. A metodologia utilizada para realizar este trabalho foi a qualitativa bibliográfica e de campo a qual se utilizou da técnica de observação não participante e de uma entrevista com a pedagoga do referido hospital, seguida de uma análise dos dados qualitativa que evidenciou a importância dessa prática pedagógica e como ela precisa ser expandida para demais hospitais públicos e privados de modo a olhar com amor pedagógico o ato de cuidar das crianças e adolescentes em estado de internação hospitalar.
AVALIAÇÃO DA TERAPIA NUTRICIONAL EM UTI CIRÚRGICA NEONATAL DE UM HOSPITAL PEDIÁTRICO DE SALVADOR — BAHIA
Authors: Santos Rogério dos Santos e , Lima Aline Ramalho , Santos Luama Araújo dos
Published: March 2021

Introdução: A terapia nutricional (TN) é um conjunto de procedimentos terapêuticos para manutenção ou recuperação do estado nutricional do paciente. A TN tem como objetivos prevenir e tratar a desnutrição, preparar o paciente para o procedimento cirúrgico, além de melhorar a resposta imunológica. Objetivo: Analisar a efetividade da terapia nutricional e o ganho ponderal dos recém-nascidos internados numa unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) cirúrgica neonatal de um hospital pediátrico de Salvador-BA. Material e Métodos: Estudo longitudinal, quantitativo, observacional e prospectivo, com a utilização de dados dos prontuários de neonatos de ambos os sexos internados na UTI cirúrgica, de um hospital pediátrico da cidade de Salvador-BA, no período entre fevereiro a junho de 2018. Foram utilizados protocolos padrão do hospital e da literatura para definir a adequação da dieta e ganho de peso. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 59 pacientes com média de idade de 35,75 ± 37 dias, sendo a maior parte do sexo masculino (72,9%). A adequação entre o prescrito e infundido foi de 96,4% que atingiram pelo menos 80% do volume infundido, 89% dos pacientes atingiram 100% do prescrito. Apenas 3,6% atingiram um percentual menor que 80%.  Os pacientes em uso de leite materno obtiveram um ganho ponderal médio de 173g, representando o maior entre os pacientes estudados. Conclusão: Os neonatos participantes do estudo apresentaram um percentual adequado de infusão de dieta, sendo importante destacar a importância do leite materno para a recuperação e manutenção do estado nutricional.
Observation and modeling of a historic African dust intrusion into the
Caribbean Basin and the southern U.S. in June 2020
Authors: Yu Hongbin , Tan Qian , Zhou Lillian , Zhou Yaping , Bian Huisheng , Chin Mian , Ryder Claire L. , Levy Robert C. , Pradhan Yaswant , Shi Yingxi , Song Qianqian , Zhang Zhibo , Colarco Peter R. , Kim Dongchul , Remer Lorraine A. , Yuan Tianle , Mayol-Bracero Olga , Holben Brent N.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. This study characterizes a massive African dust intrusion into the Caribbean Basin and southern U.S. in June 2020, which is nicknamed the Godzilla dust plume, using a comprehensive set of satellite and ground-based observations (including MODIS, CALIOP, SEVIRI, AERONET, and EPA Air Quality network) and the NASA GEOS global aerosol transport model. The MODIS data record registered this massive dust intrusion event as the most intense episode over the past two decades. During this event, the aerosol optical depth observed by AERONET and MODIS peaked at 3.5 off the coast of West Africa and 1.8 in the Caribbean Basin. CALIOP observations show that the top of dust plume reached altitudes of 6–8 km in West Africa and descended to about 4 km altitude over the Caribbean Basin and 2 km over the U.S. Gulf coast. The dust plume degraded the air quality in Puerto Rico to the hazardous level, with maximum daily PM10 concentration of 453 μg m−3 recorded on June 23. The dust intrusion into the U.S. raised the PM2.5 concentration on June 27 to a level exceeding the EPA air quality standard in about 40 % of the stations in the southern U.S. Satellite observations reveal that dust emissions from convection-generated haboobs and other sources in West Africa were large albeit not extreme on a daily basis. However, the anomalous strength and northern shift of the North Atlantic Subtropical High (NASH) together with the Azores low formed a closed circulation pattern that allowed for accumulation of the dust near the African coast for about four days. When the NASH was weakened and wandered back to south, the dust outflow region was dominated by a strong African Easterly Jet that rapidly transported the accumulated dust from the coastal region toward the Caribbean Basin, resulting in the record-breaking African dust intrusion. In comparison to satellite observations, the GEOS model well reproduced the MODIS observed tracks of the meandering dust plume as it was carried by the wind systems. However, the model substantially underestimated dust emissions from haboobs and did not lift up enough dust to the middle troposphere for ensuing long-range transport. Consequently, the model largely missed the satellite-observed elevated dust plume along the cross-ocean track and underestimated the dust intrusion into the Caribbean Basin by a factor of more than 4. Modeling improvements need to focus on developing more realistic representations of moist convection, haboobs, and the vertical transport of dust.
Progress in ensemble forecasting and verification methodologies at ECMWF
Authors: Leutbecher Martin , Ben Bouallegue Zied , Haiden Thomas , Lang Simon , Lock Sarah-Jane
Published: March 2021

This talk focusses on progress in ensemble forecasting methodology (Part I) and ensemble verification methodology (Part II).

Operational ECMWF ensemble forecasts are global predictions from days to months ahead. At all forecast ranges, model uncertainties are represented stochastically with the Stochastically Perturbed Parametrization Tendency scheme (SPPT). Recently, considerable progress has been made in developing the Stochastically Perturbed Parametrization scheme (SPP). The SPP scheme offers improved physical consistency by naturally preserving the local conservation properties for energy and moisture of the unperturbed version of the corresponding parametrization. In contrast, the SPPT scheme lacks such local conservation properties, mainly because the scheme does not perturb fluxes at the surface and at the top of the atmosphere consistently with the tendency perturbations in the column.

NWP research and development relies on scoring rules to judge whether or not a change to the forecast systems results in better ensemble forecasts. A new tool will be presented that can improve the understanding of score differences between sets of forecasts for a widely used proper score, the Continuous Ranked Probability Score (CRPS). An analytical expression has been derived for the CRPS when a homogeneous Gaussian (hoG) forecast-observation distribution is considered. This leads to an approximation of the CRPS when actual verification data are considered, which deviate from a homogeneous Gaussian distribution. The hoG approximation of the CRPS permits a useful decomposition of score differences. The methodology will be illustrated with verification data for medium-range weather forecasts.
Remediation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) contaminated soil and groundwater; evaluating the performance of activated carbon in column tests
Authors: Niarchos Georgios , Berggren Kleja Dan , Ahrens Lutz , Fagerlund Fritjof
Published: March 2021

Remediation of sites contaminated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) is key to reduce the contamination of drinking water sources and subsequent human exposure. PFAS production and use is increasingly being restricted worldwide with a reduction of point sources; however, legacy plumes are still posing a threat due to the persistence of these chemicals against degradation. One of the most widely studied soil remediation techniques for PFASs is stabilisation, which results in the long-term entrapment of the contaminants with the addition of fixation agents in the subsurface, aiming to prevent their leaching from soil to groundwater. In relation to this, the aim of this study was to identify the leaching behaviour of various PFASs in a treatment scenario using activated carbon. Silt loam soil sampled from central Sweden was used, as well as a mixture of the soil with activated carbon at 0.1% w/w. Spiked artificial groundwater was prepared with a mixture of 21 PFASs, at a total concentration of 1.4 μg mL-1. The sorption of PFASs to the solid phase was investigated using 15 cm-long column experiments under saturated conditions. Uniform packing of the material was validated through non-reactive tracer tests. The desorption behaviour after treatment was also investigated, by switching the inflow from contaminated to clean water after steady state was achieved. Analysis of the compounds was conducted using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Results have shown significantly increased sorption in soil amended with activated carbons compared to the untreated soil. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between the length of the perfluorocarbon chain and sorption efficiency. The study is a step towards increasing our understanding on the efficiency and longevity of stabilisation with activated carbons as a remediation strategy for PFAS-contaminated soils and groundwater.
Applying BEL1D for transient electromagnetic sounding inversion
Authors: Ahmed Arsalan , Michel Hadrien , Deleersnyder Wouter , Dudal David , Hermans Thomas
Published: March 2021

Accurate subsurface imaging through geophysics is of prime importance for many geological and hydrogeological applications. Recently, airborne electromagnetic methods have become more popular because of their potential to quickly acquire large data sets at relevant depths for hydrogeological applications. However, the solution of inversion of airborne EM data is not unique, so that many electrical conductivity models can explain the data. Two families of methods can be applied for inversion: deterministic and stochastic methods. Deterministic (or regularized) approaches are limited in terms of uncertainty quantification as they propose one unique solution according to the chosen regularization term. In contrast, stochastic methods are able to generate many models fitting the data. The most common approach is to use Markov chain Monte Carlo (McMC) Methods. However, the application of stochastic methods, even though more informative than deterministic ones, is rare due to a quite high computational cost.

In this research, the newly developed approach named Bayesian Evidential Learning 1D imaging (BEL1D) is used to efficiently and stochastically solve the inverse problem. BEL1D is combined to SimPEG: an open source python package, for solving the electromagnetic forward problem. BEL1D bypasses the inversion step, by generating random samples from the prior distribution with defined ranges for the thickness and electrical conductivity of the different layers, simulating the corresponding data and learning a direct statistical relationship between data and model parameters. From this relationship, BEL1D can generate posterior models fitting the field observed data, without additional forward model computations. The output of BEL1D shows the range of uncertainty for subsurface models. It enables to identify which model parameters are the most sensitive and can be accurately estimated from the electromagnetic data.

The application of BEL1D together with SimPEG for stochastic transient electromagnetic inversion is a very efficient approach, as it allows to estimate the uncertainty at a limited cost. Indeed, only a limited number of training models (typically a few thousands) is required for an accurate prediction. Moreover, the computed training models can be reused for other predictions, considerably reducing the computation cost when dealing with similar data sets. It is thus a promising approach for the inversion of dense data set (such as those collected in airborne surveys). In the future, we plan on relaxing constraints on the model parameters to go towards interpretation of EM data in coastal environment, where transition can be smooth due to salinity variations.

Keywords : EM, Uncertainty, 1D imaging, BEL1D, SimPEG
Analysis of monthly CO2 emission trends for major EU Countries: a time series approach
Authors: Quatrosi Marco
Published: March 2021

The following paper analyses monthly trends for CO2 emissions from energy consumption for 31 European countries, four primary fuels (i.e., Crude Oil, Natural Gas, Hard Coal, Lignite) and three secondary fuels (i.e., Gas/Diesel Oil, LPG, Naphta, Petroleum Coke) from 2008 to 2019. Carbon dioxide emission has been estimated following the Reference Approach in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gasses Inventories. Country-specific (e.g. Tier 2) coefficient were retrieved from the IPCC Emission Factor Database and the UN Common Reporting Framework. Data on fuel consumption (e.g., Gross Inland Deliveries) were taken from the Eurostat database. This paper will fill some knowledge gap analysing monthly trends of carbon dioxide emissions for major EU Countries. As the progressive phase-out of carbon is taking place pretty much in all Europe, Crude Oil exerted the largest amount of carbon dioxide emissions in the period considered. Analysis of selected countries unveiled several clusters within the EU in terms of major source of emissions. As final step, the paper has endeavoured the task of fitting a model for monthly CO2 forecasting. The whole series presents two structural breaks and can be explained by an autoregressive model of the first order. Indeed, further speculations on a more appropriate fit and more fuels in the estimation, is demanded to other works.
Towards a better understanding of the impact of erosion on fault slip and seismicity
Authors: Steer Philippe , Jeandet-Ribes Louise , Cattin Rodolphe , Simoes Martine , Cubas Nadaya , Bhat Harsha S. , Shyu J. Bruce H. , Mouyen Maxime , Marc Odin , Hovius Niels
Published: March 2021

Tectonics, climate and surface processes dictate the evolution of Earth’s surface topography. Topographic change in turn influences lithospheric deformation, but the temporal and spatial scales at which this feedback can be effective remains an open issue. Here, we make a synthesis of recent developments investigating how erosion impacts the stress-loading of faults and potentially induces some earthquakes. We first show, using an elastic model for the lithosphere, that erosion rates of ca 0.1–20 mm.yr−1, as documented in active compressional orogens, can raise the Coulomb stress by ca 0.1–10 bar on the nearby thrust faults over an earthquake cycle, by changing both the normal and tangential stress. This model also suggests that short-lived but intense erosional events can represent a prominent mechanism for inter-seismic stress loading of faults near the surface. Indeed, we demonstrate that typhoon Morakot in 2009, which triggered numerous landslides, was followed by a step increase in the shallow (< 15 km depth) earthquake frequency and in the b-value, lasting at least 2.5 years. These observations suggest that the progressive removal of landslide debris by rivers from southern Taiwan has increased the crustal stress rate and earthquake activity. Last, we use QDYN, a quasi‐dynamic numerical model of earthquake cycles to investigate the effect of a large erosional event, such as typhoon Morakot, on seismicity. We show that erosional events with a duration shorter than the duration of an earthquake cycle can significantly increase the seismicity rate, even for small stress changes. Consistent with the increase in the b-value observed after typhoon Morakot, our results also show that large erosional events with a period similar to the earthquake nucleation timescale can change earthquake size distribution by triggering more small events. Overall, these modelling results and observations highlight that short-lived but intense erosional events can lead to perceptible changes in shallow seismicity, affecting both earthquake frequency and size-distributions.
FAIR, Open and Free does not mean no restrictions
Authors: Jeffery Keith
Published: March 2021

FAIR, open and free are rarely user correctly to describe access to assets.  In fact, assets - expected to be or described as FAIR, open and free - are subject to many restrictions.  The major ones are:

(1) Security: to protect the asset from unavailability and any process from corruption, related to curation.  Security breaches may be criminal.

(2) Privacy: to protect any personal data within or about the asset. The General Data Protection Legislation is highly relevant here and severe punishments are available.

(3) Rights and licences: the asset may be subject to claimed rights (such as copright or database right or even patenting) and also to licensing which may be more or less restrictive;

(4) Authorisation: within an Authentication, Authorisation, Accounting Infrastructure (AAAI), authorisation of authenticated user access in a given user role (owner, manager...) to assets in appropriate modes (read, update...) possibly within a certain time period and subject to asset licensing is only permitted;

(5) Terms and Conditions: the system controlling the assets may have associated terms and conditions of use including - but not restricted to - liability, user behaviour, use of cookies.

In EPOS we are drawing together all these aspects into an integrated policy-driven set of mechanisms in the system including rich metadata, policy and licence documents, informed consent at the user interface and an AAAI system based on the recommendaions of AARC (https://aarc-project.eu/ ).

 