bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anticipatory gene regulation driven by maternal effects in an insect–host system
Authors: Nespolo Roberto F. , Silva Andrea X. , Figueroa Christian C. , Bacigalupe Leonardo D.
Published: November 2015

Adaptive mechanisms involved in the prediction of future environments are common in organisms experiencing temporally variable environments. One of these is AGR (anticipatory gene regulation); in which differential gene expression occur in an individual, triggered by the experience of an ancestor. In this study, we explored the existence of AGR driven by a maternal effect, in an insect–host system. We analyzed gene expression of detoxifying systems in aphids across two generations, by shifting mothers and offspring from chemically defended to nondefended hosts, and vice versa. Then, we measured fitness (intrinsic rate of increase) and the relative abundance of transcripts from certain candidate genes in daughters, using RT‐qPCR (quantitative reverse‐transcription PCR). We found AGR in most cases, but responses varied according to the system being analyzed. For some pathways (e.g., cathepsins), the experience of both mothers and offsprings affected the response (i.e., when both, mother and daughter grew in the defended host, the maximum response was elicited; when only the mother grew in the defended host, an intermediate response was elicited; and when both, mother and daughter grew in a nondefended host, the response was undetectable). In other cases (esterases and GSTs), gene over‐expression was maintained even if the daughter was transferred to the nondefended host. In spite of these changes at the gene‐regulatory level, fitness was constant across hosts, suggesting that insects keep adapted thanks to this fluctuating gene expression. Also, it seems that that telescopic reproduction permits aphids to anticipate stressful environments, by minute changes in the timing of differential gene expression.
Expecting the unexpected: right atrial mass in a transplant patient
Authors: Yousefzai Rayan , Trivedi Setu , Jain Renuka , Cheema Omar M. , Crouch John D. , Thohan Vinay , Khandheria Bijoy K.
Published: November 2015

We present a 71‐year‐old male, who had had a heart transplantation 24 years prior, who came to our clinic with a low‐grade fever and a new II/VI holosystolic murmur. Echocardiography showed a large mass in the right atrium with attachment near the junction of the right atrium and superior vena cava. The patient was taken to the operating room for resection of the mass. Microscopic evaluation was consistent with thrombus. Differential diagnosis of cardiac masses after cardiac transplant includes tumour, thrombus, and vegetation. Final diagnosis can be challenging; multimodality imaging and biopsy or resection often are required for final diagnosis.
Nd1–xCaxFeO3 (x = 0, 0.3) Hollow Core–Shell Microspheres for Ethanol Gas Sensing
Authors: Wang You , Wang Yun , Chen Jun , Deng Jinxia , Yu Ranbo , Xing Xianran
Published: November 2015

The use of mesoporous and hollow structures is a promising strategy to enhance gas‐sensing properties. The framework of perovskite oxides has the ability to accommodate different cations, which endows it with rich oxygen deficiencies for preferable gas adsorption. Herein, we outline the fabrication of perovskite Nd1–xCaxFeO3 (x = 0, 0.3) hollow core–shell microspheres by using carbonaceous microspheres as templates. The gas‐sensing properties of Nd0.7Ca0.3FeO3 core–shell microspheres were systematically investigated. The response to 500 ppm ethanol was 17 at 140 °C, which is much higher than the response of Nd0.7Ca0.3FeO3 nanoparticles. Also, rapid response and recovery characteristics were achieved. Furthermore, after 50 cyclic tests and 10 testing days, the gas response of the Nd0.7Ca0.3FeO3 hollow core–shell microspheres to 500 ppm ethanol at 140 °C was nearly constant. The long‐term stability, good sensitivity, and rapid response and recovery times demonstrate the potential application of these hollow core–shell microspheres as a sensing material.
Head‐locking durability of fixed and variable angle locking screws under repetitive loading
Authors: Lenz Mark , Wahl Dieter , Zderic Ivan , Gueorguiev Boyko , Jupiter Jesse B. , Perren Stephan M.
Published: November 2015

Polyaxial locking screws are increasingly applied in fracture fixation. To investigate the durability of the head‐locking mechanism, the removal torque of variable angle (VA) and fixed angle (FA) stainless steel and titanium locking screws was investigated without and after a cyclic loading test. Stainless steel (St) and titanium (Ti) 2.4 mm orthogonally inserted FA screws and 2.4 mm VA screws inserted in different inclinations (0°–15°) (n = 6 per group) were locked at 0.8 Nm. Removal torque was determined without (W) and after (A) cyclic loading (sinusoidal load, 5 Hz, constant amplitude of 25 N, up to 10′000 cycles, or failure). Significant differences in‐between the groups were detected by Student's t‐test (p < 0.05). Except VA Ti in 0deg and FA, all groups exhibited a drop in removal torque below the insertion torque without and after cyclic testing. The removal torque was (St: FA W:0.81 Nm ± 0.04 A:0.72Nm ± 0.04; VA0deg W:0.73 Nm ± 0.04 A:0.65 Nm ± 0.05; VA15deg W:0.51 Nm ± 0.05 A:0.50 Nm ± 0.08; Ti: FA W:0.82 Nm ± 0.03 A:0.70 Nm ± 0.04; VA0deg W:0.80 Nm ± 0.02 A:0.72 Nm ± 0.05; VA15deg W:0.55 Nm ± 0.03 A:0.54 Nm ± 0.06). In all groups, the removal torque after cyclic testing did not drop below 16% of the removal torque without cyclic testing. No head loosening was observed after cyclic testing. Stainless steel and titanium 2.4 mm fixed and variable angle locking screws provide a stable and lasting head‐locking mechanism. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:949–952, 2016.
Simplifying and expanding the screening for peptides <2 kDa by direct urine injection, liquid chromatography, and ion mobility mass spectrometry
Authors: Thomas Andreas , Görgens Christian , Guddat Sven , Thieme Detlef , Dellanna Frank , Schänzer Wilhelm , Thevis Mario
Published: November 2015

The analysis of low‐molecular‐mass peptides in doping controls has become a mandatory aspect in sports drug testing and, thus, the number of samples that has to be tested for these analytes has been steadily increasing. Several peptides <2 kDa with performance‐enhancing properties are covered by the list of prohibited substances of the World Anti‐Doping Agency including Desmopressin, LH‐RH, Buserelin, Triptorelin, Leuprolide, GHRP‐1, GHRP‐2, GHRP‐3, GHRP‐4, GHRP‐5,GHRP‐6, Alexamorelin, Ipamorelin, Hexarelin, ARA‐290, AOD‐9604, TB‐500 and Anamorelin. With the presented method employing direct urine injection into a liquid chromatograph followed by ion‐mobility time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, a facile, specific and sensitive assay for the aforementioned peptidic compounds is provided. The accomplished sensitivity allows for limits of detection between 50 and 500 pg/mL and thus covers the minimum required performance level of 2 ng/mL accordingly. The method is precise (imprecision <20%) and linear in the estimated working range between 0 and 10 ng/mL. The stability of the peptides in urine was tested, and –20°C was found to be the appropriate storage temperature for sports drug testing. Finally, proof‐of‐concept was shown by analysing elimination study urine samples collected from individuals having administered GHRP‐6, GHRP‐2, or LHRH.
Environmental temperatures, artificial nests, and incubation of Cassin's auklet
Authors: Kelsey Emma C. , Bradley Russell W. , Warzybok Pete , Jahncke Jaime , Shaffer Scott A.
Published: November 2015

Hatching success in birds is influenced by the temperature and turning rate of the egg, but our understanding of the environmental factors that effect incubation temperatures and egg turning rates in birds is limited. Especially little is known of these effects for species that nest in burrows or crevices, such as the Cassin's auklet (Ptychoramphus aleuticus). On Southeast Farallon Island, California, USA, a subset of the Cassin's auklet (hereafter auklet) population nest in artificial nest boxes. The nest boxes are above ground and made out of a single layer of plywood. Temperatures in unshaded nest boxes can increase significantly with high ambient temperatures (to >35° C). Shaded structures put on top of occupied nest boxes help mediate nest box temperatures, but the effects of elevated temperatures on auklet incubation behaviors and egg viability remain equivocal. We used egg data loggers to measure the temperatures and turning rates of auklet eggs in natural burrows, shaded nest boxes, and unshaded nest boxes on Southeast Farallon Island. Nest box (13.93 ± 1.26° C) and egg (37.43 ± 1.92° C) temperatures were highest and most variable in unshaded nest boxes. Mean hourly egg turning rate was 2.11 ± 2.02 turns/hour and turning rates were greater at night. Egg turning rates also varied with fluctuating nest and egg temperatures, being positively correlated with nest temperatures during the day and negatively correlated with egg temperatures during the night. Our results suggest that nest box design can influence incubation behaviors of breeding birds. As seasonal temperatures and the number of extreme heat events rise, understanding the impacts of temperature on auklets nesting in artificial nests can have positive implications for conservation and management of the species, such as implementing improved artificial nest box designs to prevent overheating of burrow nesting seabirds. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Density, distribution, and genetic structure of grizzly bears in the Cabinet‐Yaak Ecosystem
Authors: Kendall Katherine C. , Macleod Amy C. , Boyd Kristina L. , Boulanger John , Royle J. Andrew , Kasworm Wayne F. , Paetkau David , Proctor Michael F. , Annis Kim , Graves Tabitha A.
Published: November 2015

The conservation status of the 2 threatened grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) populations in the Cabinet‐Yaak Ecosystem (CYE) of northern Montana and Idaho had remained unchanged since designation in 1975; however, the current demographic status of these populations was uncertain. No rigorous data on population density and distribution or analysis of recent population genetic structure were available to measure the effectiveness of conservation efforts. We used genetic detection data from hair corral, bear rub, and opportunistic sampling in traditional and spatial capture–recapture models to generate estimates of abundance and density of grizzly bears in the CYE. We calculated mean bear residency on our sampling grid from telemetry data using Huggins and Pledger models to estimate the average number of bears present and to correct our superpopulation estimates for lack of geographic closure. Estimated grizzly bear abundance (all sex and age classes) in the CYE in 2012 was 48–50 bears, approximately half the population recovery goal. Grizzly bear density in the CYE (4.3–4.5 grizzly bears/1,000 km2) was among the lowest of interior North American populations. The sizes of the Cabinet (n = 22–24) and Yaak (n = 18–22) populations were similar. Spatial models produced similar estimates of abundance and density with comparable precision without requiring radio‐telemetry data to address assumptions of geographic closure. The 2 populations in the CYE were demographically and reproductively isolated from each other and the Cabinet population was highly inbred. With parentage analysis, we documented natural migrants to the Cabinet and Yaak populations by bears born to parents in the Selkirk and Northern Continental Divide populations. These events supported data from other sources suggesting that the expansion of neighboring populations may eventually help sustain the CYE populations. However, the small size, isolation, and inbreeding documented by this study demonstrate the need for comprehensive management designed to support CYE population growth and increased connectivity and gene flow with other populations. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Energetics and Mechanism of Conformational Transitions of Protein‐Like NIPAM‐Sodium Styrene Sulfonate Copolymers in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Grinberg Valerij Y. , Burova Tatiana V. , Grinberg Natalia V. , Dubovik Alexander S. , Plaschina Irina G. , Laptinskaya Tatiana V. , Xiong Yubing , Yao Ping , Khokhlov Alexei R.
Published: November 2015

Protein‐like and random NIPAM‐sodium styrene sulfonate copolymers of similar composition have been prepared by radical polymerization in water at temperatures above and below the LCST of PNIPAM, respectively. Thermal transitions of the copolymers in aqueous solutions have been studied by means of dynamic light scattering, viscometry, and high‐sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry. The phase separation or cooperative conformational transitions without phase separation were observed for the random or the protein‐like copolymers, respectively. Transition temperature, enthalpy, and heat capacity increment of the protein‐like copolymer differed insignificantly from those of the random copolymer of similar composition. The transition heat capacity increments of the protein‐like copolymers revealed that only 10–20% of their NIPAM links participate in the formation of a dense water‐free globule core. The coil–globule transitions of the protein‐like copolymers were described by the thermodynamic three‐state model according to the scheme “random coil↔condensed coil↔globule”, which is known to simulate the folding mechanism of globular proteins.

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Preparation of expandable graphite and its flame retardant properties in HDPE composites
Authors: Shen Ming‐Yuan , Chen Wei‐Jen , Tsai Kuang‐Chung , Kuan Chen‐Feng , Kuan Hsu‐Chiang , Chou Huang‐Wen , Chiang Chin‐Lung
Published: November 2015

This study showed an efficient and novel way to prepare expandable graphite (EG) which is one kind of halogen‐free flame retardant using the O3‐hydrothermal process. The results showed the expanded volume of EG using the O3‐hydrothermal process was higher than those compared to convectional liquid phase synthesis, ultrasound irradiation and hydrothermal method. X‐ray diffraction pattern, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to analyze the structure and confirm that EG had been prepared. Scanning electron microscope was utilized to observe the morphology of EG and char from HDPE/O3‐HEG composites. Cone calorimeter, limiting oxygen index, and UL‐94 were used to investigate the flame retardant property of the HDPE/O3‐HEG composites and showed the HDPE/O3‐HEG composite possesses excellent flame retardant property. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:2378–2386, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Application of NIR and MIR spectroscopy for rapid determination of antioxidant activity of Radix Scutellariae from different geographical regions
Authors: Li Hua , He Jingxia , Li Fajie , Zhang Zhijie , Li Raorao , Su Jianchun , Zhang Jidan , Yang Bin
Published: November 2015

Introduction

The beneficial health effects of traditional Chinese medicines are often attributed to their potent antioxidant activities, usually established in vitro. However, these wet chemical methods for determining antioxidant activities are time‐consuming, laborious, and expensive.

Objectives

This study was conducted to establish a rapid determination of antioxidant activity of Radix Scutellariae using near‐infrared (NIR) and mid‐infrared (MIR) spectroscopy.

Material and methods

Antioxidant capabilities were evaluated using 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl hydrazyl (DPPH) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. The total flavonoid contents (TFCs) of Radix Scutellariae were measured by the aluminium chloride colorimetric method. The same sample was then scanned using NIR and MIR spectroscopy. Chemometrics analysis using partial least‐squares (PLS) regression was performed to establish the models for predicting the antioxidant activities of Radix Scutellariae.

Results

A better predictive performance was achieved using PLS models based on NIR data. The determination coefficient (R2) and the residual predictive deviation (RPD) for the validation set were 0.9298 and 2.84 for DPPH, and 0.9436 and 2.66 for TFCs, respectively. MIR‐PLS algorithms gave a slightly lower reliability (R2 = 0.9090 and 0.9374, RPD = 2.01 and 2.42, for DPPH and TFC, respectively). Very comparable results for ORAC were obtained with the two methods.

Conclusion

The developed spectroscopic method can be successfully applied in high‐throughput screening of the antioxidant capability of Radix Scutellariae samples. It can also be a viable and advantageous alternative to laborious chemical procedures. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A pilot study of cancer patients' use of traditional healers in the Radiotherapy Department, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Asuzu C. C. , Elumelu‐Kupoluyi T. , Asuzu M. C. , Campbell O. B. , Akin‐Odanye E. O. , Lounsbury D.
Published: November 2015

Objective

This descriptive cross‐sectional study assessed cancer patients' use of traditional healers, the association between delay in coming to this clinic and patients' use of traditional healers, reasons cancer patients use western medicine after trying traditional treatment and the cost of obtaining traditional treatment.

Methods

Participants were made of 400 consecutive and consenting new patients in the Department of Radiotherapy, University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan. A validated interviewer‐administered semi‐structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Focus group discussions were held with some of the clients as well as the traditional healers.

Results

It showed that 34.5% of the patients patronized traditional healers, while 65.5% used only hospitals. The most common reason given among patients who patronized traditional healers for doing so was their desire to be healed and to be rid of pains (45.9%), while the most common reason they opt for western medicine afterwards was lack of improvement in their health condition (70.1%). The cost of traditional treatment for cancer ranged between no cost to N5,000 (that is approximately $31.25 @ $1 = N160) to be treated. The cost of orthodox care would range from a minimum of N40,000 to several millions of naira.

Conclusions

Patients patronize traditional healers to be rid of pains; hence physicians should endeavor to control cancer‐related symptoms, especially pains as the patients await diagnosis. Also, the low cost of obtaining traditional treatment, regular assurance of cure and other assistances given to them, could be an enticing factor in its use. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Corrosion inhibition of pure aluminium and AA2014‐T6 alloy by strontium chromate at low concentration
Authors: Liu Yanwen , Feng Zuwei , Zhou Xiaorong , Thompson George E. , Skeldon Peter , Lyon Stuart B. , Gibbon Simon R. , Graham Derek
Published: November 2015

The influence of a low concentration of strontium chromate on the corrosion inhibition of superpure aluminium and AA2014‐T6 aluminium alloy in 0.6 m chloride solution has been investigated to simulate the leaching process of inhibitors from coatings. The potential‐time and polarisation behaviour show influences on both the anodic and cathodic kinetics on the superpure aluminium surface. However, predominant cathodic inhibition was observed for the AA2014‐T6 aluminium alloy. It was evident that chromium species were reduced at cathodic second phase particles, forming a thin passive film at the cathodic sites, which blocks the oxygen reduction reaction and, consequently, provides effective corrosion inhibition. Copyright © 2015 The Authors Surface and Interface Analysis Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Is there an implicit quota on women in top management? A large‐sample statistical analysis
Authors: Dezső Cristian L. , Ross David Gaddis , Uribe Jose
Published: November 2015

This article advances strategic management by developing a data‐driven simulation method to analyze how the characteristics of a group influence the characteristics of the group's components. We apply our method to the underrepresentation of women in the top management of S&P 1,500 firms. Although extant research suggests that the presence of women in top management could be self‐reinforcing, we theorize and provide strong evidence that women face an implicit quota, whereby a firm's leadership makes an effort to have a small number of women in top management, but makes less effort to have, or even resists having, larger numbers of women. In consequence, the presence of a woman on a top management team reduces the likelihood that another woman occupies a position on that team. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Consider flexible scheduling options that will assist faculty, students
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: November 2015

Chances are, you've had faculty members propose courses that don't fit the regular schedule. Maybe they want different days than the typical course pattern, a compressed course within the regular term, or a summer class that goes beyond the regular summer term. How much flexibility does your institution allow? If you wanted to offer more, what would work?
Deliver FERPA training using methods that help students remember content, Part 5
Authors: Rainsberger Richard
Published: November 2015

Here are a few more ideas for you to consider in developing your Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act presentations. How and when you use them depends on your audience and the amount of time you have. Some ideas might need to be tailored to the composition of your audience. If you have an all‐faculty audience, you will emphasize more of the topics in which the faculty would be interested. For example, under Case situations below, you would use #3 and #4, not #1 and #2, because those do not logically affect faculty.
Digitize records for easy access, transfer between offices
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: November 2015

Most Registrar's Offices have a fair amount of paper coming in. Keeping it organized in a way that makes the information on the paper usable is an ongoing challenge for many registrars.
Build a better team by engaging creative strengths
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: November 2015

CHICAGO — When you're a registrar, you constantly work on projects with teams. Without the proper understanding of the different creative styles your team members possess, you cannot tap the full potential of your team or manage the complicated dynamics that come from many different types of creative styles. In a session led by June Hanley during the annual convention for the Society for College and University Planning, participants were led through an exercise based on The Five Faces of Genius by Annette Moser‐Wellman and given instructions on how to create a well‐rounded team that takes advantage of different creative styles. Hanley outlined the following five types of creativity.
Registrar's Office is the heart of Otis College
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: November 2015

The Otis College of Art and Design Registrar's Office is the heart of the campus. Information from nearly every department on campus flows into the office and must be pumped back out in a more usable form. Nicole Raef, assistant registrar, and Ainise Isama'u, academic degree evaluator, agreed about the office's critical responsibilities and central role.
Glutathione production by recombinant Escherichia coli expressing bifunctional glutathione synthetase
Authors: Wang Dezheng , Wang Cheng , Wu Hui , Li Zhimin , Ye Qin
Published: November 2015

Glutathione (GSH) is an important bioactive substance applied widely in pharmaceutical and food industries. Due to the strong product inhibition in the GSH biosynthetic pathway, high levels of intracellular content, yield and productivity of GSH are difficult to achieve. Recently, a novel bifunctional GSH synthetase was identified to be less sensitive to GSH. A recombinant Escherichia coli strain expressing gshF encoding the bifunctional glutathione synthetase of Streptococcus thermophilus was constructed for GSH production. In this study, efficient GSH production using this engineered strain was investigated. The cultivation process was optimized by controlling dissolved oxygen (DO), amino acid addition and glucose feeding. 36.8 mM (11.3 g/L) GSH were formed at a productivity of 2.06 mM/h when the amino acid precursors (75 mM each) were added and glucose was supplied as the sole carbon and energy source.
Dark shadows of rumination: Finnish young adults' identity profiles, personal goals and concerns
Authors: Marttinen Elina , Dietrich Julia , Salmela‐Aro Katariina
Published: November 2015

Young adults actively construct their identity by exploring and committing to opportunities through the setting of personal goals. Typically personal goal contents are related to young adults' developmental tasks but sometimes goals are self‐focused. This longitudinal study explored personal goal and concern contents in relation to identity profiles among young Finns (N = 577) followed from age 23 to 25. Applying the Dimensions of Identity Development Scale, identity formation was measured at age 23. Latent Profile Analysis yielded five profiles: moderate achievement, moderate diffusion, achievement, diffused diffusion, and reconsidering achievement. Two “dark side” identity profiles, characterized by low commitment and high ruminative exploration, were identified: moderate diffusion and diffused diffusion. The moderate diffusion profile seemed to have developmental task‐related personal goals and concerns. In the diffused diffusion profile, self‐focused personal goals and concerns were typical and personal goals and concerns towards relationships atypical. These findings persisted over the two‐year follow‐up.
Five‐year biomarker progression variability for Alzheimer's disease dementia prediction: Can a complex instrumental activities of daily living marker fill in the gaps?
Authors: Tarnanas Ioannis , Tsolaki Anthoula , Wiederhold Mark , Wiederhold Brenda , Tsolaki Magda
Published: November 2015

Introduction

Biomarker progressions explain higher variability in cognitive decline than baseline values alone. This study examines progressions of established biomarkers along with a novel marker in a longitudinal cognitive decline.

Methods

A total of 215 subjects were used with a diagnosis of normal, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer's disease (AD) at baseline. We calculated standardized biomarker progression rates and used them as predictors of outcome within 5 years.

Results

Early cognitive declines were more strongly explained by fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography, precuneus and medial temporal cortical thickness, and the complex instrumental activities of daily living (iADL) marker progressions. Using Cox proportional hazards model, we found that these progressions were a significant risk factor for conversion from both MCI to AD (adjusted hazard ratio 1.45; 95% confidence interval 1.20–1.93; P = 1.23 × 10−5) and cognitively normal to MCI (adjusted hazard ratio 1.76; 95% confidence interval 1.32–2.34; P = 1.55 × 10−5).

Discussion

Compared with standard biological biomarkers, complex functional iADL markers could also provide predictive information for cognitive decline during the presymptomatic stage. This has important implications for clinical trials focusing on prevention in asymptomatic individuals.
Directrices para la implementación de un modelo de gestión de la relación con el cliente en el sector industrial: caso DAMERA
Authors: Wakabayashi Jose Luis , Merzthal Jorge
Published: November 2015

En la presente investigación se aplica el método de caso para analizar la implementación de un modelo de Customer Relationship Management en una empresa industrial. Para este fin se utiliza como base la propuesta de Peppers y Rogers, integrándola en las características y los tipos de demanda propios del sector industrial. A esto se suma el desarrollo de un diagnóstico con miras a evaluar la potencialidad de la empresa para implementar el modelo y la elaboración de una matriz de clasificación del cliente. Finalmente, se aplicó una encuesta a partir de la cual se identificaron las variables para la segmentación de clientes y los puntos de contacto, definiéndose así los grupos de valor para la empresa.
Revision of the Massarineae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes)
Authors: Tanaka K. , Hirayama K. , Yonezawa H. , Sato G. , Toriyabe A. , Kudo H. , Hashimoto A. , Matsumura M. , Harada Y. , Kurihara Y. , Shirouzu T. , Hosoya T.
Published: November 2015

We here taxonomically revise the suborder Massarineae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota). Sequences of SSU and LSU nrDNA and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (tef1) are newly obtained from 106 Massarineae taxa that are
phylogenetically analysed along with published sequences of 131 taxa in this suborder retrieved from GenBank. We recognise 12 families and five unknown lineages in the Massarineae. Among the nine families previously known, the monophyletic status of the Dictyosporiaceae, Didymosphaeriaceae,
Latoruaceae, Macrodiplodiopsidaceae, Massarinaceae, Morosphaeriaceae, and Trematosphaeriaceae was strongly supported with bootstrap support values above 96 %, while the clades of the Bambusicolaceae and the Lentitheciaceae are moderately
supported. Two new families, Parabambusicolaceae and Sulcatisporaceae, are proposed. The Parabambusicolaceae is erected to accommodate Aquastroma and Parabambusicola genera nova, as well as two unnamed Monodictys species. The Parabambusicolaceae
is characterised by depressed globose to hemispherical ascomata with or without surrounding stromatic tissue, and multi-septate, clavate to fusiform, hyaline ascospores. The Sulcatisporaceae is established for Magnicamarosporium and Sulcatispora genera nova and Neobambusicola.
The Sulcatisporaceae is characterised by subglobose ascomata with a short ostiolar neck, trabeculate pseudoparaphyses, clavate asci, broadly fusiform ascospores, and ellipsoid to subglobose conidia with or without striate ornamentation. The genus Periconia and its relatives are
segregated from the Massarinaceae and placed in a resurrected family, the Periconiaceae. We have summarised the morphological and ecological features, and clarified the accepted members of each family. Ten new genera, 22 new species, and seven new combinations are described and
illustrated. The complete ITS sequences of nrDNA are also provided for all new taxa for use as barcode markers.
Winter Studies and Summer Rambles in Canada
Authors: Jameson Anna
Published: November 2015

Anna Jameson (1794–1860) was an inspirational figure to a generation of young women writers and artists including Barbara Bodichon and Bessie Rayner Parkes. Her work was reviewed by leading figures such as Mary Shelley and Charles Kingsley, and even Carlyle, though less complimentary, referred to her as the 'celebrated Mrs Jamieson'. This book, first published in 1838, secured her growing reputation as a writer of history, literary criticism and travel literature, and has been popular ever since. Inspired by a journey made to support the career of her estranged husband, one of its key themes is the condition of women, which recurs regularly in Jameson's writing. Volume 2 describes the arrival of summer, and Jameson's experiences of landscapes, towns and people from Niagara to Detroit. It includes reflections on Schiller, emigration, and the Canadian infrastructure. For more information on this author, see http://orlando.cambridge.org/public/svPeople?person_id=jamean
The Topography of Rome and its Vicinity
Authors: Gell William
Published: November 2015

The antiquary Sir William Gell (1777–1836) was most famous for his two books on the archaeological discoveries at Pompeii (also reissued in this series) but his interest in the topography of classical sites resulted in several other publications, including this two-volume work, first published in 1834. The work was intended to accompany a map (available to download at http://www.cambridge.org/9781108042109) of the territory of Ancient Rome, for which the field research and surveying activities were carried out in 1822. It provides alphabetical entries (from Abbatone to Zagarolo) on all the sites in Rome and its environs, with their modern names and populations, and their significance in ancient history and literature. Volume 2 also contains essays on the history and languages of Ancient Italy, and supplements to various entries, where new discoveries had been made during the course of the work's preparation.
DRESSED IN PHOTOGRAPHS: BETWEEN UNIFORMIZATION, SELF-ENHANCEMENT AND THE PROMOTION OF STARS AND LEADERS IN BAMAKO
Authors: Röschenthaler Ute
Published: November 2015

Most literature on cloth focuses on its capacity as a medium of identity construction in relation to politics, economy, ethnicity, age and gender. As such, the equalizing properties of uniforms are often contrasted with the creation of individual styles of dress. This article discusses a further dimension in the complexity of the meanings of clothing: it explores the history, uses and local meanings of fabrics on which photographs of public personalities are printed in Bamako. In Bamako in the 2000s, entrepreneurs from different sectors of society, such as politics, religion, media, art, education and commerce, rediscovered this type of cloth as a business opportunity. They have produced decorated fancy textiles for events where large, heterogeneous groups of people participate most often, and where they multiply the image printed on their clothing. Some of these personalities distribute the cloth as promotional gifts, while others make their fans and followers purchase fabrics as evidence of their admiration. The uniforms decorated with photographs reflect a tendency towards asymmetrical relationships between the owners of the dresses and the personality depicted on them. Some of these relationships even encourage individual styles that transgress the uniform character of the dresses.
Can the neural–cortisol association be moderated by experience-induced changes in awareness?
Authors: Lau Way K. W. , Leung Mei-Kei , Chan Chetwyn C. H. , Wong Samuel S. Y. , Lee Tatia M. C.
Published: November 2015

Cortisol homeostasis is important for cognitive and affective functions that depend on cortisol-sensitive brain regions including the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Recent studies have shown that training induces changes in the brain. We report the findings of a longitudinal study that verified the moderation effect of experience-induced changes in awareness on the neural–cortisol association in cortisol-sensitive brain regions. These findings provide the first piece of evidence that planned behavioral experience can moderate the neural–cortisol association. A range of changes in awareness was achieved in a sample of 21 Chinese participants, divided into two groups: Awareness-based compassion meditation (ABCM) (n = 10) and relaxation (n = 11). We observed that changes in awareness were significant moderators of hippocampal–cortisol changes. Furthermore, a significant negative association between changes in plasma cortisol level and the resting-state synchrony of the right hippocampal and insular-frontal-operculum regions was observed. These novel findings shed light on the inter-relationships between changes in hippocampal–cortisol levels and changes in awareness and preliminarily identify the neural underpinnings of interventions for cortisol-related abnormal functioning for further study.
Soft and broadband infrared metamaterial absorber based on gold nanorod/liquid crystal hybrid with tunable total absorption
Authors: Su Zhaoxian , Yin Jianbo , Zhao Xiaopeng
Published: November 2015

We design a soft infrared metamaterial absorber based on gold nanorods dispersed in liquid crystal (LC) placed on a gold film and theoretically investigate its total absorption character. Because the nanorods align with the LC molecule, the gold nanorods/LC hybrid exhibits different permittivity as a function of tilt angle of LC. At a certain tilt angle, the absorber shows an omnidirectional total absorption effect. By changing the tilt angle of LC by an external electric field, the total absorption character can be adjusted. The total absorption character also depends on the concentration, geometric dimension of nanorods and defect of nanorod arrangement in LC. When the LC contains different size of gold nanorods, a broadband absorption can be easily realized. The characteristics including flexibility, omnidirectional, broadband and tunablility make the infrared metamaterial absorber possess potential use in smart metamaterial devices.
Lipoteichoic acid of Streptococcus oralis Uo5: a novel biochemical structure comprising an unusual phosphorylcholine substitution pattern compared to Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Gisch Nicolas , Schwudke Dominik , Thomsen Simone , Heß Nathalie , Hakenbeck Regine , Denapaite Dalia
Published: November 2015

Members of the Mitis group of streptococci possess teichoic acids (TAs) as integral components of their cell wall that are unique among Gram-positive bacteria. Both, lipoteichoic (LTA) and wall teichoic acid, are formed by the same biosynthetic pathway, are of high complexity and contain phosphorylcholine (P-Cho) residues. These residues serve as anchors for choline-binding proteins (CBPs), some of which have been identified as virulence factors of the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. We investigated the LTA structure of its close relative Streptococcus oralis. Our analysis revealed that S. oralis Uo5 LTA has an overall architecture similar to pneumococcal LTA (pnLTA) and can be considered as a subtype of type IV LTA. Its structural complexity is even higher than that of pnLTA and its composition differs in number and type of carbohydrate moieties, inter-residue connectivities and especially the P-Cho substitution pattern. Here, we report the occurrence of a saccharide moiety substituted with two P-Cho residues, which is unique as yet in bacterial derived surface carbohydrates. Finally, we could link the observed important structural variations between S. oralis and S. pneumoniae LTA to the divergent enzymatic repertoire for their TA biosynthesis.
Tuftsin-derived T-peptide prevents cellular immunosuppression and improves survival rate in septic mice
Authors: Gao Yu-Lei , Chai Yan-Fen , Dong Ning , Han Su , Zhu Xiao-Mei , Zhang Qing-Hong , Yao Yong-Ming
Published: November 2015

The primary mechanisms of sepsis induced cellular immunesuppression involve immune dysfunction of T lymphocytes and negative immunoregulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs). It has been found that tuftsin is an immune modulating peptide derived from IgG in spleen. T-peptide is one of tuftsin analogs. Herein, we examined the effect of T-peptide on cell-mediated immunity in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the survival rate in septic mice. T-peptide regulated the proliferative ability of CD4+CD25− T cells in dual responses. Meanwhile, 10 and 100 μg/ml T-peptides were able to enhance the apoptotic rate of CD4+CD25− T cells compared with 1 μg/ml T-peptide, but markedly lowered interleukin (IL)-2 levels. When CD4+CD25+ Tregs were treated with T-peptide for 24 hours and co-cultured with normal CD4+CD25− T cells, the suppressive ability of CD4+CD25+ Tregs on CD4+CD25− T cells was significantly lowered, along with decreased expression in forkhead/winged helix transcription factor p-3 (Foxp-3) as well as cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA)-4 and secretion of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. Moreover, T-peptide has the ability to improve outcome of septic mice in a dose- and time- dependent manner and associated with improvement in the microenvironment of cellular immunosuppression in septic mice.
Spatially uniform enhancement of single quantum dot emission using plasmonic grating decoupler
Authors: Kumar Arunandan , Weeber Jean-Claude , Bouhelier Alexandre , Eloi Fabien , Buil Stéphanie , Quélin Xavier , Nasilowski Michel , Dubertret Benoit , Hermier Jean-Pierre , Colas des Francs Gérard
Published: November 2015

We demonstrate a spatially uniform enhancement of individual quantum dot (QD) fluorescence emission using plasmonic grating decouplers on thin gold or silver films. Individual QDs are deposited within the grating in a controlled way to investigate the position dependency on both the radiation pattern and emission enhancement. We also describe the optimization of the grating decoupler. We achieve a fluorescence enhancement ~3 times higher than using flat plasmon film, for any QD position in the grating.
Bioinspired Breathable Architecture for Water Harvesting
Authors: von Spreckelsen Rowan M. , Harris Matthew T. , Wigzell James M. , Fraser Rebekah C. , Carletto Andrea , Mosquin Daniel P. K. , Justice Douglas , Badyal Jas Pal S.
Published: November 2015

Thuja plicata is a coniferous tree which displays remarkable water channelling properties. In this article, an easily fabricated mesh inspired by the hierarchical macro surface structure of Thuja plicata branchlets is described which emulates this efficient water collection behaviour. The key parameters are shown to be the pore size, pore angle, mesh rotation, tilt angle (branch droop) and layering (branch overlap). Envisaged societal applications include water harvesting and low cost breathable architecture for developing countries.
Antibacterial titanium nano-patterned arrays inspired by dragonfly wings
Authors: Bhadra Chris M. , Khanh Truong Vi , Pham Vy T. H. , Al Kobaisi Mohammad , Seniutinas Gediminas , Wang James Y. , Juodkazis Saulius , Crawford Russell J. , Ivanova Elena P.
Published: November 2015

Titanium and its alloys remain the most popular choice as a medical implant material because of its desirable properties. The successful osseointegration of titanium implants is, however, adversely affected by the presence of bacterial biofilms that can form on the surface and hence methods for preventing the formation of surface biofilms have been the subject of intensive research over the past few years. In this study, we report the response of bacteria and primary human fibroblasts to the antibacterial nanoarrays fabricated on titanium surfaces using a simple hydrothermal etching process. These fabricated titanium surfaces were shown to possess selective bactericidal activity, eliminating almost 50% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells and about 20% of the Staphylococcus aureus cells coming into contact with the surface. These nano-patterned surfaces were also shown to enhance the aligned attachment behavior and proliferation of primary human fibroblasts over 10 days of growth. These antibacterial surfaces, which are capable of exhibiting differential responses to bacterial and eukaryotic cells, represent surfaces that have excellent prospects for biomedical applications.
The transcriptional landscape of dorsal root ganglia after sciatic nerve transection
Authors: Li Shiying , Xue Chengbin , Yuan Ying , Zhang Ruirui , Wang Yaxian , Wang Yongjun , Yu Bin , Liu Jie , Ding Fei , Yang Yuming , Gu Xiaosong
Published: November 2015

Following peripheral nerve injury, transcriptional responses are orchestrated to regulate the expression of numerous genes in the lesioned nerve, thus activating the intrinsic regeneration program. To better understand the molecular regulation of peripheral nerve regeneration, we aimed at investigating the transcriptional landscape of dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) after sciatic nerve transection in rats. The cDNA microarray analysis was used to identify thousands of genes that were differentially expressed at different time points post nerve injury (PNI). The results from Euclidean distance matrix, principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering indicated that 2 nodal transitions in temporal gene expressions could segregate 3 distinct transcriptional phases within the period of 14 d PNI. The 3 phases were designated as “a stress response phase”, “a pre-regeneration phase” and “a regeneration phase”, respectively, by referring to morphological observation of post-nerve-injury changes. The gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed the distinct features of biological process, cellular component and molecular function at each transcriptional phase. Moreover, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis suggested that differentially expressed genes, mainly transcription factors and genes associated with neurite/axon growth, might be integrated into regulatory networks to mediate the regulation of peripheral nerve regeneration in a highly cooperative manner.
Luminescence turn-on/off sensing of biological iron by carbon dots in transferrin
Authors: Bhattacharya Arpan , Chatterjee Surajit , Khorwal Vijaykant , Mukherjee Tushar Kanti
Published: November 2015

Luminescence turn-on/off sensing of transferrin bound iron by water-dispersed biocompatible carbon dots as a function of pH has been demonstrated by using PL spectroscopy and single particle PL microscopy techniques.
Dose-related effects of ferric citrate supplementation on endoplasmic reticular stress responses and insulin signalling pathways in streptozotocin–nicotinamide-induced diabetes
Authors: Liu Kai-Li , Chen Pei-Yin , Wang Chi-Mei , Chen Wei-Yu , Chen Chia-Wen , Owaga Eddy , Chang Jung-Su
Published: November 2015

Diabetic patients are at high risk of developing anemia; however, pharmacological doses of iron supplementation may vary greatly depending on diabetes-related complications.
Experimental and computational evidence for KOt-Bu-promoted synthesis of oxopyrazino[1,2-a]indoles
Authors: Mahdavi Mohammad , Hassanzadeh-Soureshjan Rasoul , Saeedi Mina , Ariafard Alireza , BabaAhmadi Rasool , Ranjbar Parviz Rashidi , Shafiee Abbas
Published: November 2015

Metal-free intramolecular hydroamination of some Ugi adducts in the presence of KOt-Bu in DMF at room temperature led to the formation of novel oxopyrazino[1,2-a]indole derivatives.
Eggshell/Fe3O4nanocomposite: novel magnetic nanoparticles coated on porous ceramic eggshell waste as an efficient catalyst in the synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthene
Authors: Mosaddegh Elaheh , Hosseininasab Fatemeh Alsadat , Hassankhani Asadollah
Published: November 2015

An eggshell/Fe3O4nanocomposite was synthesizedviaan economic and novel method, using recycled eggshell biowaste as a starting material and an aqueous solution of FeSO4as a coating agent without any additional alkali or a protective atmosphere.
Facile synthesis of Cu2PO4OH hierarchical nanostructures and their improved catalytic activity by a hydroxyl group
Authors: Zhao Yunxuan , Teng Fei , Xu Juan , Liu Zailun , Yang Yang , Zhang Qiqi , Yao Wenqing
Published: November 2015

One- and three-dimensional (1D, 3D) Cu2PO4OH hierarchical architectures have been successfully prepared by a facile hydrothermal method, mainly through adjusting the precursor concentrations.
Long-lived photoluminescence and high quantum yield of copper(ii) complexes with novel nanostructures
Authors: Zhang Wei Chuan , Lu Xiaoming
Published: November 2015

Four novel nano bipy-based copper(ii) complexes with high luminescence intensity, long-lived photoluminescence and quantum yield.
Simultaneous sulfur doping and exfoliation of graphene from graphite using an electrochemical method for supercapacitor electrode materials
Authors: Parveen Nazish , Ansari Mohd Omaish , Ansari Sajid Ali , Cho Moo Hwan
Published: November 2015

Doping with heteroatoms has become a significant strategy for modifying the electronic properties and enhancing the electrochemical properties of graphene (GN).
Superparamagnetic iron-doped nanocrystalline apatite as a delivery system for doxorubicin
Authors: Iafisco Michele , Drouet Christophe , Adamiano Alessio , Pascaud Patricia , Montesi Monica , Panseri Silvia , Sarda Stephanie , Tampieri Anna
Published: November 2015

Iron-doped superparamagnetic apatite nanoparticles are promising materials for magnetic drug delivery systems due to their ability to strongly bind the anticancer doxorubicin and provide an active control over the drug release by using a low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field.