bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MENULIS PARAGRAF ARGUMENTASI MELALUI METODE PEMBELAJARAN SCAFFOLDING METAKOGNISI SISWA KELAS X.1 MADRASAH ALIYAH NEGERI 1 MAKASSAR
Authors: Avicenna Akbar , Akhir Muhammad
Published: April 2018

AbstrakBerdasarkan hasil pengamatan yang dilakukan pada siswa Kelas X.1 Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Makassar, diketahui bahwa kemampuan menulis paragraf argumentasi siswa di kelas tersbut masih tergolong rendah. Hasil observasi tersebut peneliti jadikan sebagai motivasi untuk melakukan penelitian. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menulis paragraf argumentasi melalui metode pembelajaran Scaffolding metakognisi siswa kelas X.1 Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Makassar. Penelitian ini direncanakan pelaksanaannya sebanyak 2 siklus. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X.1 Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Makassar tahun ajaran 2015/2016 sebanyak 36 siswa.Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan data kuantitatif dan data kualitatif. Data kuantitatif berupa hasil belajar siswa sedangkan data kualitatif berupa hasil pengamatan aktivitas belajar siswa. Penerapan,            metode pembelajaran    Scafoollding     Metakognisi     dapat meningkatkan kemampuan menulis paragraf argumentasi pada aspek “menulis topik,menyusun keramgka, mengembangkan kerangka, menyunting paragraf”.Hal ini ditunjukkan dari hasil nilai rata-rata keseluruhan dan nilai tes akhir yang mengalami peningkatan. Hal ini tampak dari pencapaian rata-rata hasil tes siklus I 22,2 meningkat menjadi 74,3 pada siklus ke IIKata kunci : Keterampilan Menulis Paragraf Argumentasi Scaffolding Metakognisi AbstractBased on observations conducted on students of class X.1 Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Makassar, it is known that the ability to write a paragraph argumentation tersbut students in the class is still relatively low. The results of these observations the researchers make it as motivation to do research. This research is a classroom action research that aims to improve the ability to write a paragraph argumentation through learning methods class X.1 Scaffolding students' metacognition Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Makassar. The study was planned execution as much as 2 cycles. The subjects were students of class X.1 Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Makassar 2015/2016 school year as many as 36 students. Data collection techniques by using quantitative data and qualitative data. The quantitative data in the form of student learning outcomes while qualitative data in the form of observations of student learning activities. Implementation, Scafoollding Metacognition learning methods to improve the ability to write a paragraph argument on the aspect of "writing topics, preparing keramgka, develop a framework, edit the paragraph" It is shown from the results of the overall average value and the value of the final test is increased.This is evident from the average achievement test results of the first cycle of 22.2 rose to 74.3 in cycle II Keywords: Writing Skills Metacognition Scaffolding paragraph Arguments
Modelling and Optimization of Hybrid Renewable Energy (Solar, Wind and Fuel Cells): A case of South Africa Regions
Authors: Leholo Sempe , Owolawi Pius Adewale , Akindeji Kayode Timothy
Published: April 2018

This paper aims to provide an alternative green energy source for a remote GSM base station. To achieve this a hybrid power generating system comprises a wind turbine, photovoltaic panels, and a fuel cell with the incorporation of the electrolyzer and a hydrogen tank. for the production and uniform supply of hydrogen for the fuel cell. The system will be controlled logically by a power flow controller which intern will help to provide continuous power to the base station based on the analysis of economic optimization power generation. The analytic approach of a hybrid system such the one proposed which feeds a load (Base Station) HOMER software will carry out our application. With the realization of our simulation results, what has been found is that renewable energy sources are a feasible solution to reduce air contaminants by other sources of energy like diesel generators and also applications at remote locations to distribute power generation for stand-alone base stations.
Perfil funcional después de un entrenamiento con pesas en jugadores de fútbol entre 15 y 19 años de edad de las divisiones menores del Club Santa Fe C.D.
Authors: Diaz Franco Marcia Bibiana , Durán Reina María Camila , Entrena Yáñez Carlos Miguel , Ulloa Castro Carlos Alberto , Ramirez Pérez María Fernanda , Santacruz María Del Pilar
Published: April 2018

Teniendo en cuenta el nivel de alta competencia que tiene el fútbol en los últimos años, se hace necesaria una preparación desde temprana edad acorde con los principios del entrenamiento deportivo y de las ciencias aplicadas al deporte. El propósito de este trabajo fue diseñar y aplicar un programa de entrenamiento con pesas durante un período de 1O semanas consecutivas, realizando una evaluación antes y después de aplicar dicho programa, para determinar si se presentan cambios en la fuerza muscular y en el perfil funcional de los futbolistas en cuanto a velocidad, resistencia, habilidades deportivas y medidas antropométricas. La población estuvo conformada por 35 jugadores de fútbol de las divisiones menores del Club Santa Fe Corporación Deportiva, con edades entre los 15 y 19 años. Dado el tamaño de la población estudio, ésta correspondió a la muestra de la investigación. Se utilizó un diseño preexperimental tipo pretestpostest con un solo grupo. Resultados: se encontraron cambios significativos en la fuea muscular, resistencia, habilidades deportivas( autopase y tiro con pierna izquierda y tiro de esquina con pierna izquierda), medidas antropométricas (tríceps, subescapular, subespinal, abdomen, pierna, braza contraído, antebrazo, muñeca, pecho,cadera, muslo, pierna y tobillo), composición corporal (porcentaje óseo, graso y peso magro y en el somatotipo ). Conclusiones: El programa de entrenamiento con pesas alterno al entrenamiento de campo tiene efectos positivos en las características propias e indispensables en los jugadores de fútbol.
EL APAS (Ariel Performance Analysis System) como medio de evaluación fisioterapéutica de la marcha en un paciente espástico
Authors: Villamizar Carolina Calderón , Correa Jorge Enrique , Jiménez Martha
Published: April 2018

El propósito de la investigacián fue realizar un análisis del APAS (Ariel Performance Analysis System) como instrumento de evaluación fisioterapéutica de la marcha en un paciente espástico, mejorando los procesos de evaluación, dentro de la fase de secuelas de la parálisis cerebral. Se desarrolló a través de un estudio descriptivo de caso con un paciente con parálisis cerebral (PC) de género masculino de 32 años de edad, donde se demostró los beneficios en el uso del Software especializado como instrumento de medición el cual mejora la evaluación de la marcha. El análisis cinemático de la marcha con el APAS permitió describir de manera precisa, el comportamiento osteocinemático de las extremidades inferiores, durante el ciclo de la marcha en los tres planos de movimiento en el espacio. Los resultados muestran la restricción en el desplazamiento articular generados por las contracturas articulares y la asimetría muscular que lleva a una alteración del ciclo de la marcha y un aumento del consumo energético. Los datos arrojados por el APAS permiten un análisis preciso de la marcha en la cual se puede observar los distintos planos de movimiento, lo que aporta al proceso de evaluación tradicional y a la posible intervenciónfisioterapéutica, ya que precisa el grado de las insuficiencias y compensaciones funcionales en el movimiento.
PERANCANGAN BANGUNAN HUNIAN LANSIA BERDASARKAN AKSESIBILITAS PENGHUNI PADA LINGKUNGAN DAN BANGUNAN
Authors: Sugiharto Adriana
Published: April 2018

Title: Design of Residential Building is Based on the Accessibility of the Elderly Residents to the Environment and Building The design of the elderly housing is increasingly needed, as a result life expectancy has improved which make the growth number of the elderly increases. Senior living for the elderly have had unfavorable image in the community because of a lack of attention to the design of the special needs of the elderly. Like providing the handrail around the wall to maintain the body balance when the elderly walking through the circulation way. The main issue is accessibility in elderly housing for the comfort mobility of the residents to do their daily activity. For that, this research has been done from the ergonomic and anthropometric theory base as a reference in the making of the accessibility comfort analysis. This research are aims to find out how to find senior living design consideration that prioritizes the accessibility comfort of elderly people in the fulfillment of convenience in specific design for everyday activities. Case studies are designed with a qualitative comparative method. Senior living research is taken in the form of photos documentation, notes, interviews and observation. Through the research results are expected to find senior living design guidelines for the elderly based on the building and the space arrangement for accessibility. These research efforts are to help for all those who want to enrich design learning about ideal accessibility in senior living design. Keywords: senior living, ergonomic, anthropometric, accessibility
KOMPONEN DESAIN ARSITEKTURAL APARTEMEN DI BALI BERDASARKAN PENDEKATAN REGIONALISME KRITIS (Objek Studi: Apartemen Di Kawasan Seminyak, Kuta)
Authors: Gunawan Hana Maliantha
Published: April 2018

Title: Apartment Architectural Design Components in Bali Based On Critical Regionalism Approach A building is supposed to be designed suitable for the community’s life. The emergence of multistoreyed building as a solution over limited usable land has caused the practice of International Style where a building no longer regards the characteristics of place where they are built. According to the theory of Critical Regionalism, there should be appropriate integration between local and contemporary factors. Bali as one of many region in Indonesia with abundance of culture is seen as a suitable place to applicate this theory. The type of multistoreyed building chosen was apartment, which is becoming a prevalent phenomenon in the mentioned region, and also as a settlement building type it is seen as the closest type to inhabitant’s activity thus has a close connection with the community’s culture. The research is made  to discover how far has the local and contemporary factors been applied to apartments build in Bali according to the theory of Critical Regionalism. This research utilizes qualitative method through the use of Critical Regionalism principles from Ken Yeang in the form of Functional Connection to analyze the case study. There are four steps of said principle, Direct Connection, Indirect Connection, Inclusive Contemporary Connection, and Landscape Connection. At the result of this research, it was found that there was a lack in application of Critical Regionalism principles particularly in principles of building form, the usage of traditional concepts, facilities availability, and treatment towards environtment. Keywords: critical regionalism, bali, apartment, local, contemporary
REVITALISASI KAWASAN CITRA NIAGA SAMARINDA
Authors: Gazali Irsan
Published: April 2018

Title: Revitalization of Citra Niaga Samarinda Arena promotions and shopping centers nowadays called Citra Niaga as an icon of the capital of Samarinda, which was built in 1984. The design of Citra Niaga is directed to the concept of "Night Market" which makes Citra Niaga as a business space and recreation areas for the attractive public. But in a fact, the icon of Samarinda is not desirable again by the public because they have an issue that makes this icon become weak and has not good quality or as a good public space standardization (Issue of Concern), such as security, safety, health, attraction, comfort, accessibility and also raciness . And to comply those criteria, it should be have good components (Scope of Issue), for this research it can be used qualitative descriptive method it based on the fact in the field and also the real evidence. This approach based on revitalization theory and good space public theory. For the conclusion, the standardization, a space of quality must have normative criteria so a space public can be survive. So that, this functioned as revitalization concept in effort to revitalization Citra Niaga. Keywords: citra niaga, icon, city, publik space, revitalization
PERBANDINGAN DESAIN RUKO DI INDONESIA DITINJAU DARI ASPEK SOSIAL DAN PEMBENTUKAN KOMUNITAS
Authors: Sugiharto Nathalia Yunita
Published: April 2018

Title: Indonesian Shophouse Design Development based on the Establishment of Community and Social Aspect The existence of shophouse in Indonesia has been started in the 17th century at the Colonial Era brought by Chinese traders.Shophouse is considered as a solution of the increasing density of population in Indonesia and land limitation. Shophouse typology adapt along with time and its surroundings. Along with its development, nowadays shophouse’s design had its own problem. Basically shophouse is supposed to accomodate two functions which is residential and stores but its residential function become less dominant than its commercial function. One of the causes is the shophouse design can’t meet the resident’s social needs satisfaction. Method that used in this research is comparative by comparing shophouse design in Colonial era with shophouse design that commonly found in Indonesia. Based on the study, it showed that the shophouse design in Colonial era was able to accommodate social functions among the inhabitants while the shophouse design that is commonly found in Indonesia focused in terms of economy (how quickly sold) and ignore the residential needs in their design. The study is expected to provide benefits in shophouse design in future and can contribute the knowledge in the realm of architecture. Keywords: shophouse, social,  facilities, community, development
KAJIAN KEBETAHAN MAHASISWA DALAM LINGKUNGAN KAMPUS Studi Kasus: Kampus ITSB - Cikarang
Authors: Satriaji Kukuh Rizki
Published: April 2018

Dalam kesehariannya manusia melakukan interaksi dengan ruang dan lingkungan. Faktor fisik dan non fisik dari sebuah ruang akan mempengaruhi perasaan dan pengalaman seseorang berada di dalamnya. Kondisi ruang yang baik akan membuat seseorang merasa betah, sedangkan kondisi ruang yang tidak baik akan membuat seseorang merasa tidak betah. Lingkungan kampus ITSB merupakan salah satu fasilitas akademik yang di dalamnya digunakan oleh beberapa pengguna, yaitu mahasiswa, dosen, staf dan lainnya. Di dalamnya sangat memungkinkan terjadinya interaksi antara manusia dengan manusia dan manusia dengan ruang/bangunan agar kegiatan dapat berlangsung dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah dan menemukan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan pengguna kampus, terutama mahasiswa, merasa betah di dalam Kampus ITSB. Mahasiswa aktif dari berbagai angkatan dipilih sebagai subyek utama penelitian. Definisi kebetahan dari sudut pandang mahasiswa akan dibandingkan dengan definisi kebetahan dalam konteks ruang interior sehingga dapat memberikan pemahaman terhadap interaksi manusia terhadap lingkungan (ruang). Kata kunci: kebetahan, interaksi, mahasiswa
Seasonal variation in thyroid activity of turtle Lissemys punctata with respect to annual cycle of reproduction
Authors: Chandavar Vidya R. , Naik Prakash R.
Published: April 2018

The objective of the present investigation was to study the relationship between thyroid activity and reproductive cycle in turtle Lissemys punctata. The animals were studied in the annual seasonal cycle of reproduction for two consecutive years, which is distinguished into three separate periods namely regenerative, reproductive and recrudescent. The thyroid in L. punctata was observed to be a single pyramid shaped gland, creamy white to reddish-brown in color with lenticular profile. The diameter of the follicle was lowest in regenerative period, whichgradually increased in reproductive period attaining maximum size in recrudescent, where as epithelial height was highest in regenerative period, which gradually decreased in reproductive period reaching minimum in recrudescent period. Thyroid activity varies annually in relation to different phases of reproductive periods.
Origin and peripheral distribution of the thoracic and abdominal median nerves in the fifth instar larva of the silkworm, Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)
Authors: Sivaprasad S.
Published: April 2018

The origin and peripheral distribution of the median nerves of the prothoracic and sixth abdominal ganglia have been traced using methylene blue staining technique. Each median nerve (MN), after originating from the posterior part of the ganglion, bifurcates into two transverse nerves (TN) that extend laterally into the right and left halves of the hemi- segment. The TN of thoracic median nerve bears two motor branches that innervate spiracular muscles and dorsolateral muscles, while the TN of sixth abdominal ganglion bears five motor branches and two sensory branches. Its motor branches innervate three groups of muscles, namely, musculi laterales interni, musculi dorsales interni laterales and musculi dorsales interni mediales, while its sensory branches extend over the body wall in the ventrolateral and dorsolateral areas of the hemi-segment. The median nerves are connected to ganglionic nerves by median nerve connectives that facilitate intersegmental coordination. The functional role of median nerves in respiration, blood circulation and intersegmental coordination is discussed keeping in view their projections and innervations.
A study on presence of bioactive compounds in snail Achantina fulica
Authors: Zodape G. V.
Published: April 2018

The bioactivity study of the crude extract as well as the pure compounds isolated by preparative TLC, of the snail were carried on bacteria, Escherichia coli PBR 322, Vibrio cholerae and cockroaches Periplanata americana. The growth of the bacteria was found to be inhibited and the cockroaches in moribund condition were found to be dead after a period of 24 hrs of incubation. The results concluded that the extract of the snail contained the bioactive compounds.
Morphological variations in populations of Urginea indica Kunth.Liliaceae
Authors: Kameshwari M. N. Shiva , Saraswathi K. J. Thara , Muniyamma M.
Published: April 2018

An attempt has been made to enquire into the morphological variations which leads to evolutionary divergence of populations of Urginea indica Kunth. In particular, there were considerable morphological variations within the species. The thirty two cytotypes showed distinct morphological differences in shape, size and colour of bulb and leaf, the length of inflorescence and flower colour. The morphological complexity is accompanied by high degree of cytological variations. Preliminary measurements of reproductive, characters have shown that no noteworthyresults may be obtained in this characters except pedicel length but the vegetative character deviated significantly. Flowering and blooming time varied that also played a role in isolation of these populations. These morphological differences have a genetic basis and would be worthy in recognizing them as a separate sub specific taxon.
Effect of Aloe vera juice on toxicity induced by arsenic in Labeo rohita (Hamilton)
Authors: Zodape G. V.
Published: April 2018

An attempt has been made to study the effect of Aloe vera juice on the toxicity induced by arsenic on Labeo rohita fingerlings, exposed to sub–lethal concentration of a combination of arsenic and Aloe vera juice for 21 days. The study of bioaccumulation pattern of arsenic supplimented with Aloe vera juice was carried out on selected parts like liver and muscle tissues. In both the liver and muscle tissues a pronounced effect of arsenic and Aloe vera juice was noted on the activities of Glutamate - oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), Glutamate - pyruvate transaminase (GPT), acid and alkaline phosphatase (ACP and ALP) enzymes. Also the levels of total proteins, total lipids, protease, free amino acids and glycogen were assessed. A significant decrease in enzymatic activity of GPT, GOT, ACP and ALP was noted in liver and muscle tissues. The level of protein, lipids and glycogen also decreased, whereas the amount of protease and free amino acids profoundly increased. The results of present study suggest that Aloe vera juice has an effective hepatoprotective and tissue protective property against arsenic toxicity. The results further suggest that the L.rohita fingerlings could be suitable for monitoring the bioavailability of water bound metals in fresh water habitats.
Effect of phenolic compounds on nematodes- A review
Authors: Ohri Puja , Pannu Satinder Kaur
Published: April 2018

The term, phenolics has been used to describe a group of structurally diverse plant secondary metabolites. This group includes metabolites derived from the condensation of acetate units (terpenoids), those produced by the modification of aromatic amino acids (phenylpropanoids, cinnamic acid, lignin precursor, catechols and coumarins), flavonoids, isoflavonoids, and tannins. The occurrence and metabolism of phenolic substances in plants, in response to injury or invasion by pathogens, such as fungi, bacteria and viruses have already been studied. Oxidised compounds produced in plants after invasion by pathogens often show considerable biological activity and are a common mechanism of resistance to plant pathogens. The present review gives information regarding the effects of different phenolic compounds on nematode system. It is found that these compounds are involved in plant defense and hence provide resistance against nematode attack.
X-ray structure analysis of 3-chloro-7-hydroxy-4- methyl-chroman-2-one
Authors: Sharma Sakshi , Kohli Sabeta , Rajnikant Rajnikant
Published: April 2018

The title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c, with unit cell parameters a=7.7203(3), b=14.0481(4), c=8.9066(3) Å, â=112.858(5)º, V= 890.11(5) Å3 and Z = 4. The structure has been solved by direct methods and the final R-factor is 0.0433 for 2832 unique reflections. The molecule, as such, is planar and the planarity is confirmed by the magnitude of dihedral angles between the two rings. Extensive Hydrogen-bonding has been observed and chlorine atom is responsible for the formation of trifurcated hydrogen-bond. Trifurcated hydrogen-bond plays a significant role in the design and synthesis of molecules having drug implications.
Partial purification and characterisation of some low molecular weight á - amylases from Dolichos biflorus
Authors: Garg Maryada , Dobriyal Anoop K.
Published: April 2018

Dolichos biflorus, a commonly used legume in Uttarakhand, produces alpha amylase enzyme for conversion of starch present in its cotyledons to glucose, so that this glucose can be further utilized for the life controlling processes, glycolysis and Kreb’s cycle. Yield of this á - amylase isolated from the germinating legume comes out to be 27.7 IUml-1. Maximal amylase production occurs at pH 6.1 at 45O C. The enzyme was purified two fold, first with ultra-filtration and then with Ion-exchange chromatography. Ultra-filtration revealed size of amylase to be between 10 kDa and 30 kDa, against larger sizes of other bacterial amylases. The pH and temperature optima for purified enzyme were 6.1 and 45OC respectively. The Km for starch came out to be 1.95 mgml-1. This finding of generating one more new and low-price source of á - amylase is a great advancement in biotechnology.
Evaluation of antioxidant activity of flower and seed oil of Azadirachta indica A. juss
Authors: Nahak Gayatri , Sahu R.K.
Published: April 2018

The present study on evaluation of antioxidant activity of the flowers and seed oil of Neem plant Azardirachta indica A. Juss revealed that the ethanolic extract of flowers and seed oil at 200 ?g/ml producing the highest free radical scavenging activity i.e. 64.17±0.02% and 66.34±0.06% respectively. The Neem oil has the highest amount of total phenol content (132 ?g/ml) which is responsible for highest percentage of inhibition of DPPH radical. In conclusion Neem flower and seed oil have potential for use in human health which is used as food by common people and in diabetes and Neem seed oil is widely used for variety of diseases and also antioxidant potential for use in different pharmaceutical industries.
Influence of silica intoxication on female reproductive organs with therapeutic agents vitamin E and vitamin C
Authors: Saxena Shruti , Singh S. P.
Published: April 2018

The aim of the present study was to observe the alteration of blood biochemical and histopathological variables after silica exposure, and also to show whether therapeutic agents (Vitamin E + Vitamin C) used in study may provide recovery against exposure to silica. In this study, silica was administered as silicon dioxide at a dose of 40 mg/kg for 28 days to produce toxic effect. Recovery pattern was evaluated by Vitamin E + vitamin C (50 mg/kg, ip + 100 mg/kg, po), The present study showed alterations in the activities of oestrogen and LH were significantly decreased in experimental rats after 28 days of silica intoxication. The level of progesteron and FSH, were also decreased. Therapeutic agents i.e. vitamin E and vitamin C recouped the values to normal and near to control.
Toxic effects of endosulfan on cholesterol levels of liver, brain and gills of stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis
Authors: Chandra Sudhish
Published: April 2018

Stinging catfish Heteropneustes fossilis exposed to different concentrations of an organochlorine pesticide endosulfan under static conditions, revealed statistically significant increase in cholesterol contents of liver, brain and gill tissues even at the lowest concentration (0.0010 mg/l). Fish also elicited behavioral changes due to pesticide toxicity. Hypercholesterolemia appeared to be due to stress induced metabolic alterations caused by intoxication.
Studies on changes in hematological and biochemical parameters in smokeless tobacco (Gutka) chewing auto drivers in Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Jaganmohan P. , Sarma A. Phaninanatha
Published: April 2018

The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of Smokeless tobacco on some biochemical and haematological parameters. It was observed that hematological parameters of Autodrivers including hemoglobin content, white blood cell and leukocyte counts were higher in Gutka consumers than in controls, where as monocytes and basophils counts were lower. Higher biochemical parameters like serum cholesterol, glucose and protein were observed in blood samples of Gutka consumers. Decrease in serum protein levels and remarkable increase in Serum cholesterol and glucose levels were observed in Gutka consumers when compared to controls. There existed considerable difference among different hematological and biochemical parameters of gutka chewers when compared to controls.
Effect of sewage-water irrigation on physico-chemical parameters with special reference to heavy metals in agricultural soil of Haridwar city
Authors: Pathak Chakresh , Chopra A. K. , Kumar Vinod , Sharma Sunil
Published: April 2018

The present study revealed that use of sewage for irrigation of agricultural soil of Haridwar city improved the water holding capacity (+27.98%), electrical conductivity (+196.15%), sulphate (+2.34%), organic carbon (+30.48%), total Kjeldhal nitrogen (+87.5%), available potassium (+25.77%) and available phosphorous (+59.97%) and fertility status of the soil in comparison to natural water irrigated soil. Further sewage irrigation also resulted in a significant build-up of total Pb (+98.95%), Ni (+128.29%), Cu (+253.17%), Fe (+39.74%), Cd (+30.92%), Zn (+696.03%) and Cr (+13.15%) than the natural water irrigated soil. The mean concentrations of these metals were below the permissible limits of Indian standards. The enrichment factor (Ef) for Cu (9.62) was maximum and minimum for Cr (1.13).The Ef for different metals was in the order of Cu> Zn > Ni > Pb > Cd > Cr > Fe. Pollution index (Pi) value of the sewage water irrigated soil ranged from 0.505 to 0.901 which indicated that the soil was not yet polluted.
Growth response of black velvet tamarind (Dialium guineense Willd) seedling to different potting media
Authors: Osaigbovo A. U. , Nwaoguala C. N. C.
Published: April 2018

The response in growth and development of seedlings of Dialium guineense to different potting media was studied in the screen house. Five potting media: River sand (Rs), Top soil (Ts), Poultry manure (Pm), Rice husk (Rh) and Oil palm refuse bunch (OPRB) were used. They were evaluated as sole treatments and in combination with river sand (Rs) in different ratios (1:1, 1:2, 2:5 and 5:2) respectively. Altogether, twenty one (21) potting media types were evaluated. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) in three replications. Data were collected on monthly basis for plant growth parameters, while shoot and root dry weight were measured at the end of the experiment. On the average the seedlings of D. guineense responded best on the Rs + Ts 1:2 growth medium in number of leaves (16.67), stem girth (0.31 cm), number of nodes (11.67), shoot dry weight (1.24 g) and root dry weight (0.50 g). Rs + Ts 1:2 was followed by Rs + Pm 1:1 and Ts sole respectively with respect to the growth parameters evaluated and were not significantly (p 0.05) from one another, but were significantly (p < 0.05) different from other media and their combinations with river sand.
Evaluation of mutagenic potential of acetamiprid by dominant lethal test on Culex quinquefasciatus
Authors: Bansal Mamta , Chaudhry Asha
Published: April 2018

Acetamiprid, a member of the neonicotinoid insecticide family, is a new class of insecticide which has recently entered the market place. It is very selective and provides outstanding control of sucking pests such as aphids and whiteflies of major crops. In the present investigation, dominant lethal test (DLT) is adopted for the evaluation of the genotoxic effects of acetamiprid using Culex quinquefasciatus as an experimental model. In this experiment, the males hatched from larvae treated with LD40 were cross mated with normal females and the results were based on the number of hatched and unhatched eggs laid by these females. The statistical analysis of the results for LD40 treated groups gave the values of 37.526±3.886 as against 5.23±0.77 from the nontreated groups which indicated significant dominant lethality of p<0.01. These results indicated that exposure of pesticides even at small dose level proved deleterious to the genome of mosquito and its subsequent generation.
Photoperiod-modulated instar-specific clock-shifting in the circadian protein and amino acid rhythms in the larval segmental muscle of Bombyx mori
Authors: Sivaprasad S. , Sailaja B.
Published: April 2018

The photoperiod-modulated clock-shifting in the circadian protein rhythm was studied in the segmental muscle of Bombyx mori. The analysis of phase response curves of the fourth instar rhythm revealed that the muscle tissue completes six protein synthetic cycles (PS cycles) under normal 12 hr light and 12 hr dark cycle (LD), 8 cycles each under continuous light (LL) and continuous dark (DD) conditions. The fifth instar protein rhythm showed seven PS cycles each under LD and DD conditions, but only six under LL. The protein rhythm gets clock-shifted in instarspecific and photoperiod-specific fashions. In the fourth instar, both LL and DD conditions advanced the 24 hr free running time of the rhythm by six hours and set it at 18 hr, but in the fifth instar it is delayed by 4 hr and set at ~28 hr under LL, but remained unchanged under DD. Comparative analysis of protein and amino acid profiles shows that the photoperiod modulates the protein rhythm by altering the rate of amino acid mobilization.
Evaluation of genotoxicity of acetamiprid using PCR technique on mosquito genome
Authors: Bansal Mamta , Kaur Gurjeet , Chaudhry Asha
Published: April 2018

The present studies deal with the evaluation of the genotoxic potential of acetamiprid at LD40 on a mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus by adopting polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR). This technique was used for detecting DNA damage by amplifying ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS 2) regions. The amplified products were sequenced and the results of treated and non-treated controls were compared using Clustal W software programme. The results were studied in the form of deletions, additions, transitions and transversions of the bases. The DNA band amplified from control stocks consisted of 444 bases while those from LD40 treated individuals were comprised of 448 bases. The total number of mutations caused in the treated stock was 230 out of which 84 were transitions, 117 transversions, 13 deletions and 16 additions. Thus, it was evident that acetamiprid has a potential to promote gene mutations in the individuals exposed to its semilethal doses.
Effect of different fractions of Hibiscus rosa sinensis leaf extract on islets of Langerhans and antioxidant activity in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse
Authors: Moqbel Fahmi S. , Naik Prakash R.
Published: April 2018

The present investigation was undertaken to study the effect of Hibiscus rosa sinensis leaf extract fractions on islets of Langerhans, total antioxidant activity in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse. Two sets of experiments were conducted. First experiment was designed to test the hypoglycemic properties of different isolated fractions. Five fractions were screened for hypoglycemic property. Fractions F3, F4 and F5 showed hypoglycemic in NOD mice. Second set of experiment was conducted to assess the effects of above fractions on the diameter of islets of Langerhans and on the â-cells number and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). All the fractions had a significant effect in the enhancement of diameter of islets of Langerhans and the â-cell number and antioxidant active (total antioxidant capacity) compared with control NOD mice.
A preliminary pharmacognostical study on leaves and flowers of Michelia champaca L. Magnoliaceae
Authors: Geetha K. N. , Jeyaprakash K. , Nagaraja Y. P.
Published: April 2018

The present investigation was conducted to establish pharmacognostical profile for the leaves and flowers of Michelia champaca L. (Magnoliaceae) in order to establish its complete profile to aid in its identification and avoid confusion in taxonomic level for different species of the same genus. The study included macroscopical, organoleptical, microscopical and preliminary phytochemical analysis of the leaves and flowers. The study of the organoleptical evaluation revealed the presence of colour, odour and texture. The microscopic analysis showed thedifferences in cell structures, arrangement and shape of leaves and flowers. The physical characters of various solvent extracts showed the presence of colour, odour and consistency of the powdered leaves and flowers. Finally, the preliminary phytochemical analysis confirmed for the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, carbohydrates, amino acid, flavonoids and sterols in both leaves and flowers. The present findings may be used to establish the authenticity of leaves and flowers of Michelia champaca L. for their proper identification and standardization in order to collect raw plants for the preparation of herbal drugs.
Stabilization of anarobic digestor sludge through vermicomposting
Authors: Rajpal Ankur , Bhargava Renu , Chopra A. K.
Published: April 2018

In this study, efficiency of vermitechnology in stabilizing sludge without pre-treatment was studied. The sludge was directly introduced in the vermicomposting reactors after their withdrawal from the bio-methanation reactor installed for experimentation on domestic waste. One Liter (5% TS) sludge was loaded after every fourth day and it was discontinued after sixteen days. However, the chemical analysis of the compost was done till twentyfourth day. The present study also evaluated the potential of one indigenous Perionyx excavates (P.e.) and one exotic epigeic earthworm species Eisenia fetida (E.f). The results clearly elucidate that vermireactor with indigenous earthworms (P.e) gives over all comparable similar results with world wide known exotic species (E.f). The results of the study show a significant reduction in initial C/N ratio from an initial value of 19 to 9 for all reactors with earthworms, total organic matter (TOC) reduced by 50% and pH also reduced nearer to neutral, but increase in, total nitrogen (TN) 95%, NH4+-N reduced from 0.52% to 0.31% and NO3-N increased from 0 to 0.13%, total phosphorus (TP) increased from the initial concentration of 0.76% to 1.31%., However, removal efficiency of Fecal coliforms (indicator organism) in the prepared vermicompost through P.e and E.f was in the 6 log and 7 log (MPN/gm) respectively.
Chromium (III) induced haematological alterations in Indian common carp, Labeo rohita (Ham.)
Authors: Bhatkar N. V.
Published: April 2018

The principle source of chromium in water bodies is discharged from industries which use large amount of chromates or dichromates. The freshwater fish, Labeo rohita was used as a model in the present studies to investigate the responses to chromium metal salt contamination in water bodies as it is the most common fish consumed widely in India. Haematological tests were carried out as these are the important diagnostic tools and are equally valuable as indicators of disease or stress due to pollutants and environmental fluctuations. The fishLabeo rohita were exposed to sublethal concentration of chromium chloride for 10, 20 and 30 days to study alterations in certain haematological parameters. The parameters under study were total erythrocyte count (TEC), haemoglobin (Hb gm%), total leucocyte count (TLC), differential leucocyte count (DLC) and pack cell volume (PCV). The studies revealed that chromium chloride-treated Labeo rohita exhibited decreased levels of total erythrocyte count (TEC), haemoglobinn (Hb gm%) and PCV whereas, total leucocyte count (TLC) was increased under thestress of chromium metal The decreased WBC count found after 30 days along with depleted Hb content and RBC count indicate dysfunctioning of haemopoietic systems along with dysleucopoiesis. Leucocytosis observed after 10 and 20 days exposure has been considered to be an adaptation to meet stressful conditions by animals. Increase in macrophages and basophils appears to be protective response during chromium exposure. An increasing trend in the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were evident in fish exposed to sublethal doses of chromium chloride when compared with the control.
Isolation, screening of Aspergillus flavus and its production parameters for á- amylase under solid state fermentation
Authors: Geetha K. N. , Jeyaprakash K. , Nagaraja Y. P.
Published: April 2018

The amylase producing fungi were isolated from spoiled fruits, vegetables and soil, in and around Bangalore, Karnataka, India. The isolates were identified and five fungal species were screened. The best amylase producer among them, Aspergillus sp was selected for enzyme production by both sub merged fermentation using mineral salt medium (MSM) and solid state fermentations using wheat bran as a solid substrate. The various parameters influencing solid state fermentation were optimized. The most important factors are such as pH, incubation temperature, incubation period, carbon sources, nitrogen sources and moisture content. The maximum amount of enzyme production was obtained when solid state fermentation was carried out with soluble starch as carbon source and beef extract (1% each) as nitrogen source, optimum conditions of pH 7.0, an incubation temperature of 25 (±2) °C, incubation time 96 h and 62% moisture content.
Role of phosphate solubilizing fungi during phosphocompost production and their effect on the growth of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L) plants
Authors: Sibi G .
Published: April 2018

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of phosphate solubilizing fungi (Aspergillus awamori and Trichoderma viride) in phosphocompost preparation along with low grade rock phosphate. Co-inoculation of phosphate-solubilizing fungi significantly increased the nutrient value of the compost that explores high P-solubilizing potential of A.awamori and T.viride which can be exploited for the solubilization of fixed phosphates thereby enhancing soil fertility and plant growth. Rock phosphate application along with phosphate solubilizing fungi increased 69.2% acid phosphatase and 65% alkaline phosphatase activity over ordinary compost. With co-inoculation, maximum P content (64.3%) was observed followed by single inoculation with A.awamori (62.2%). The present findings revealed that phosphate solubilizing fungi can interact positively in promoting nutrient content of compost and plant growth leading to improved yield.
Seasonal variation in bacterial contamination of water sources with antibiotic resistant faecal coliforms in relation to pollution
Authors: Tripathi Kshama , Sharma A. K.
Published: April 2018

Water sample were collected from piped supplies, surface water and ground water sources in different locations of Lucknow city during summer, monsoon and winter season. Bacteriological quality of samples was determined by enumerating coliform isolated were subject to antibiotic susceptibility test with disc diffusion method. Maximum coliform and faecal coliform contamination were recorded during summer (67% and 75%) and monsoon (67% and 58.3%) while minimum during winter (50% and 50%). All the test isolates exhibited resistance (for nine antibiotics) was shown by river isolates. Antibiotic resistance index (ARI) ranged from 0.050 to 0.150 exhibiting the broad spectrum resistance for 3 to 9 out of 10 antibiotics tested. Occurrence of faecal pollution indicator organisms and multiple antibiotics resistance bacterial population in drinking water is alarming and a sign of potential health with therapeutic problems.
Application of turmeric dye in the coating of Triphala guggle ayurvedic tablet
Authors: Goel Anjali , Bhardwaj M.K. , Rani Neetu
Published: April 2018

The aim of present work was to extract a yellow colour dye from turmeric rhizome (Curcuma longa) and to use it in the coating of triphala guggle ayurvedic (abbreviated as TGA) tablets. For coating of the TGA tablets the work was completed into two parts- in the first part extraction of dye from turmeric rhizome was carried out and in the second part extracted dye was used to coat the TGA-tablets. The dye extract was used in two forms for dyeing the tablets - firstly as liquid turmeric dye extract (LTDE) and secondly as powdered turmeric dye extract (PTDE). The optimum extraction conditions were settled after studying the effect of solvent, stirring time and temperature on the extraction of dye. The solvents used are water, ethanol and water- ethanol mixture. It was observed that the optimum extraction conditions for turmeric dye extraction were 600c and 75 min stirring time with ethanol as solvent but from industrial point of view it is more economical to use ethanol–water (1:1) mixture for extraction. The extracted LTDE and PTDE were used to coat the TGA tablets. The results showed that the tablet coated with LTDE faded just in 30 days while PTDE coated tablets remained stable up to 40 days. Thus, present coating was suitable for coating the TGA tablets but the environmental factors like temperature and humidity influenced the stability of the coating a lot. The suitability of coating was studied by determining some physico- chemical parameters like average weight, diameter, thickness, friability, disintegration time and loss on drying of LTDE and PTDE coated tablets. The results were within the permissible limit of Indian Pharmacopea and other pharmacopeia. Therefore, coating of tablets with LTDE and PTDE both were found to be suitable for coating the TGA tablet.
Adrenal hormone insufficiency impact on antioxidant metabolism in the tissues of rat
Authors: Kavitha K. , Radhika M. Mohana , Madhuri E. , Rajendra W. , Bhaskar M.
Published: April 2018

The effect of adrenelectomy was studied on the antioxidant metabolism in different tissues (Liver, heart, kidney and muscle) of rat. G-6-PDH was increased significantly in liver and heart and the same was decreased in kidney with a non significant change in muscle. SOD was significantly increased in heart and muscle. Catalase was significantly decreased in liver and muscle and was increased significantly in kidney. XOD showed significant decrease in liver and increase in heart, kidney and muscle. The present finding, in general, exhibit tissue specificalterations in free radical metabolism in conjunction with antioxidant defence mechanisms during adrenal hormone deficiency. It is also clear from the results that the mechanisms involved in selective activation / inhibition of different pathways seems to reflect multifaceted physiological adaptations as a compensatory measure during induced adrenalectomy.
Efficacy of Stamina 50 (Thiocyclam hydrogenoxalate) on Coelaenomenodera elaeidis (Coleoptera – Chrysomelidae – Hispinae) in Okomu oil palm plantation, Nigeria
Authors: Aneni T. I. , Aisagbonhi C. I. , Iloba B. N. , Adaigbe V. C. , Irorere M.
Published: April 2018

Efficacy of Stamina 50, Thiocyclam hydrogenoxalate was evaluated for its bio-insecticidal control on Coelaenomenodera elaeidis larvae, pupae and adult forms, at Okomu oil palm plantation, Nigeria. The experimental plot was 10.2Ha compared with similar untreated plot. Observations were made for 4 weeks after treatment, for dead leaf miner populations. Data were subjected to one way analysis of variance, independent sample T-test and testing for significant difference on the effect of insecticidal treatment on leaf miner populations. Results indicated that exposure to the insecticide at 500g per Kg induced high mortality against the leaf miner. The highest population of dead leaf miner external adult was observed one day after treatment. Total percentage mortality of leaf miner was 89.13% (treatment) and 28.40% (control) indicating effective control. Spot application of stamina 50 was selective on leaf miner and is therefore recommended as a control measure for the leaf miner in Nigeria.
Demography of helminth parasites in relation to biometic characteristics of Mastacembalus armatus
Authors: Pandey Mamta , Saxena R. M. , Handa Preeti
Published: April 2018

The study was conducted to collect and identify helminth parasites of Mastacembalus armatus and also to determine the prevalence intensity and abundance of parasitic infection. 118 M. armatus, obtained from different sampling stations of Yamuna river between March 2008 to February 2009 were examined for endoparasitic helminth infections. Of these only 31 fishes were found infected. Four helminth species including one nematode (Ascaridia ganpatii), two cestodes (Polyonchobothrium armatii, Senga nayari) and one trematode (Eucreadium pandeyi)were found in host fish. The over all monthly infestation of prevalence (0.29), intensity (3.28) and abundance (1.13) were recorded. The maximum infection was recorded in middle size range while very small and larger fishes showed lesser susceptibility to helminth parasites.