bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparación del ACV de 2 estibas construidas con madera natural y madera plástica en Simapro 8.4.0
Authors: Vanegas-Padilla Angelica Patricia , Fuentes-Fuentes Karen Dayana , Torres-Cervera Karina Paola
Published: November 2021

Se realizó una comparación del análisis de ciclo de vida conceptual para 2 estibas construidas con madera natural (melinna) y madera plástica (100% polietileno) respectivamente, usando el software SIMAPRO 8.4.0.0 en su versión DEMO 2017 la cual usa como norma la UNE EN ISO 14040. Se determinó el alcance del estudio de cada estiba y su análisis de inventario teniendo en cuenta la disponibilidad de actividades en SIMAPRO 8. Se analizaron diferentes factores para cada estiba, los cuales fueron: caracterización y evaluación de daño, y de manera comparativa los factores: salud humana, ecosistemas y recursos. Los resultados arrojados del análisis comparativo afirmaron que las estibas de madera natural afectan en un 100% a la salud humana, y que por el contrario las estibas de madera plástica afectan un 2%, hablando de los ecosistemas, las estibas naturales afectan un 100% y las construidas con madera plástica un 2%, y por último, en el componente de recursos, las estibas naturales afectan en un 100% y las estibas plásticas un 47%. The objective of the study reflects a comparison of the conceptual life cycle analysis for 2.00 pallets built with natural wood (melinna) and plastic wood (100% PET), using the SIMAPRO 8.4.0 software in its DEMO 2017 version under the UNE standard -EN ISO 14040. The methodology used was experimental and descriptive where there was manipulation of variables such as: flexural strength, moisture content and natural durability to degrading agents for the determination of social, economic and environmental aspects. The results of the comparative analysis affirmed that the pallets of natural wood affect human health by 100%, unlike the pallets of plastic wood, which affect life in ecosystems by 2%. For the conservation of Biodiversity, natural pallets affect 100% and plastic pallets 47%. Plastic wood, compared to natural wood, has several benefits such as greater impermeability, easy cleaning, greater safety (due to chipping), low moisture absorption.
Análisis del ciclo PHVA en la gestión de proyectos, una revisión documental
Authors: Moyano-Hernández Faber Andres , Villamil Sandoval Diana Carolina
Published: November 2021

El ciclo PHVA ha sido utilizado ampliamente para la mejora de los procesos; por ello, es adecuado pensar que es una herramienta útil para la gestión de proyectos. El objeto de la presente investigación es evidenciar los principales aportes que han realizado diferentes autores en la implementación del ciclo PHVA para la mejora continua en la gestión de proyectos. Se realizó una revisión documental, empleando estrategias de búsqueda con palabras clave en Scopus y ScienceDirect. Se recopilaron documentos de los últimos 5 años, resultando un total de 186 artículos. Al verificar la pertinencia con el tema de estudio, la lista se redujo a 21. Se destacan como resultados la vigencia temática del ciclo PHVA, la variabilidad de sectores empresariales y los países que la implementan y estudian. El continente europeo lidera el volumen de publicaciones y a pesar de encontrar alto volumen de artículos, muchos se descartaron por debilidades metodológicas.

The PDCA cycle has been widely used for process improvement; therefore, it is appropriate to think that it is a useful tool for project management. The purpose of this research is to show the main contributions that different authors have made in the implementation of the PDCA cycle for continuous improvement in project management. A documentary review was carried out, using search strategies with keywords in Scopus and Science Direct. Documents from the last 5 years were collected, resulting in a total of 186 articles. When verifying the relevance to the subject of study, the list was reduced to 21. The thematic validity of the PDCA cycle, the variability of business sectors and the countries that implement and study it stand out as results. The European continent leads the volume of publications and despite finding a high volume of articles, many were discarded due to methodological weaknesses.
Revisión de electroencefalografía portable y su aplicabilidad en neurociencias.
Authors: Rios-Arismendy Sara , Ochoa-Gómez John Fredy , Serna-Rojas Carolina
Published: November 2021

La electroencefalografía (EEG) es una técnica que permite registrar la actividad eléctrica del cerebro y ha sido estudiada durante los últimos cien años en diferentes ámbitos de la neurociencia. En los últimos años se ha investigado y desarrollado equipos de medición que sean portables y que permitan una buena calidad de la señal, por lo cual se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de las compañías fabricantes de algunos dispositivos de electroencefalografía portable disponibles en el mercado, se exponen sus características principales, algunos trabajos encontrados que fueron realizados con los dispositivos, comparaciones entre los mismos y una discusión acerca de las ventajas y desventajas de sus características. Finalmente se concluye que a la hora de comprar un dispositivo para electroencefalografía portable es necesario tener en cuenta el uso que se le va a dar y el costo-beneficio que tiene el equipo de acuerdo con sus características.

Encephalography is a technique that allows the recording of electrical activity of the brain and has been studied during the last hundred years in different areas of neuroscience. For several years, measuring equipment that are portable and that allow a good signal quality to have been researched and developed, so a literature review of the manufacturing companies of some of portable electroencephalography devices available on the market was carried out: Its main features are exposed, as well as some of the work found that were made with those, comparisons between them and a discussion about the advantages and disadvantages of their features. It is concluded that, when a portable encephalography device is bought, it’s necessary to take into consideration the use that it will be having and the cost-benefit that the device has according to its features.
Monitoring Program Keluarga Harapan Berbasis Mobile GIS Menggunakan K-Means Clustering
Authors: Muhariya Ahmad , Widada Bebas , Siswanti Sri
Published: November 2021

Poverty is a condition that is below the line of minimum requirement standard values, both for food and non-food. The Government of Indonesia has various programs to overcome poverty-based assistance social, including the family hope program. This family hope program is the provision of conditional cash assistance to very poor households in which there are pregnant women, toddlers, elementary, junior high, high school, elderly, and severe disabilities. The amount of assistance obtained based on the level of family poverty with poverty level parameters is seen from the many categories of very poor households concerned along with the obligation of participants to carry out important commitments in the field of Health and Education. The purpose of this research is the development of a mobile-based poor family monitoring application using the k-means clustering method. Validity test results using sample data 21, it can be concluded that the system can group poor families into 7 clusters with a thoroughness rate of 90.4%.  Based on these results, K-Means Clustering can be said to have a high accuracy value for clustering poor families.
Penerapan Metode Holt-Winters Untuk Peramalan Penjualan (Studi Kasus Keripik Pisang Pigela UD. Haza Food Surabaya)
Authors: Zubair Anis , Umamit Rauda
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan peramalan penjualan snack keripik pisang kepok bermerk Pigela Januari 2016 sampai dengan Desember 2020 di masa mendatang dengan menggunakan data penjualan di masa sebelumnya. Dengan adanya peramalan penjualan, diharapkan dapat bermanfaat untuk membuat perencanaan penjualan. Metode peramalan yang digunakan adalah Metode Holt-Winters multiplikatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peramalan dengan menggunakan Metode Holt-Winters multiplikatif menghasilkan kesalahan peramalan di bawah 10%.
Klasifikasi Helpdesk Menggunakan Metode K-Nearest Neighbor dan TF-ABS
Authors: Suprayogi Muhammad Azis , Supono Riza Adrianti
Published: November 2021

Helpdesk merupakan aplikasi yang bermanfaat bagi pengguna nya untuk memperoleh informasi mengenai layanan yang ada pada sebuah perusahaan atau instansi pemerintah. Proses disposisi tiket helpdesk secara manual dapat menimbulkan kesalahan dalam menentukan unit tujuan tiket serta memperpanjang masa penyelesaian tiket karena adanya waktu tunggu untuk mendisposisikan tiket menuju unit yang sesuai. Klasifikasi teks helpdesk sangat diperlukan untuk mendisposisikan tiket secara tepat dan cepat ke unit yang berwenang menangani tiket. Teks helpdesk diklasifikasi ke dalam 8 kategori unit tujuan yaitu Setditjen, Dit.Humas, Dit.PKNSI, Dit.KND, Dit.BMN, Dit.Penilaian, Dit.PNKNL, dan Dit.Lelang. Klasifikasi menggunakan metode K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) dengan jumlah tetangga terdekat (k) yaitu k=1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19 serta metode pembobotan TF-ABS untuk proses seleksi fitur. Jumlah fitur yang digunakan untuk klasifikasi sebanyak 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% dan 30% dari jumlah seluruh dokumen. Akurasi klasifikasi tertinggi sebesar 90,04% diperoleh pada k=3 dan jumlah fitur sebanyak 15%, sedangkan akurasi terendah 84,54% pada k=19 dan jumlah fitur sebanyak 30%. Hasil klasifikasi helpdesk menggunakan KNN dan TF-ABS dapat menghasilkan akurasi cukup baik.
Peningkatan Kualitas Citra Reduksi Noise Menggunakan Iterative Denoising and Backward Projection-CNN dan TFM-CLAHE Pada Citra 24 Bit
Authors: Pardosi Irpan Adiputra , Gohzali Hernawati
Published: November 2021

Penurunan kualitas yang diakibatkan adanya noise atau kontras yang tidak normal pada citra mengakibatkan objek pada citra menjadi tidak jelas. Masalah itu dapat disebabkan perangkat yang digunakan menimbulkan noise atau tidak bisa menghasilkan kontras yang normal. Adanya noise dan kontras rendah gelap berdampak besar terhadap kualitas citra?, proses reduksi noise yang berukuran besar 45% akan berpengaruh pada informasi didalam citra sehingga kualitas citra hasil reduksi menjadi hal yang perlu dipertimbangkan untuk noise berukuran besar?. Penelitian tahun 2019 menggunakan algoritma Iterative Denoising and Backward Projections with CNN (IDBP-CNN) dinyatakan mampu mereduksi noise hingga 51% dengan kualitas PSNR diatas 30 dB dengan mengabaikan kontras dari citra. Sedangkan algoritma untuk meningkatkan kontras citra menggunakan algoritma Triangular Fuzzy Membership?Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (TFM-CLAHE) juga diklaim mampu meningkatkan kontras citra dengan kualitas PSNR di atas 20 dB, yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan algoritma CLAHE. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian yang dilakukan pada 10 citra kontras rendah gelap dengan noise 45% didapatkan kombinasi algoritma TFM-CLAHE diikuti IDBP-CNN lebih baik dengan rata-rata hasil PSNR = 31.69 dB, dibandingkan sebaliknya PSNR = 31.01 dB, Namun rata-rata keragaman informasi citra hasil dengan kombinasi IDBP-CNN diikuti TFM-CLAHE lebih kecil selisihnya terhadap citra asli berdasarkan Shanon Entropy sebesar 3.77% dibandingkan sebaliknya 4.75%
PRACTICAL PROBLEMS OF URBAN PLANNING OF RURAL AREAS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE MO " ZORKALTSEVSKOYE RURAL SETTLEMENT»
Authors: Paltseva Daria E.
Published: November 2021

The relevance of the work is due to the fact that today in rural settlements there is a problem when making changes to urban planning documentation in various information resources. Purpose: analysis of territorial planning documents of the Ministry of Defense "Zorkaltsevskoye rural settlement".
THE USE OF LAND EXPERTISE MATERIALS IN THE CONTEXT OF CONSTRUCTION AND TECHNICAL EXPERTISE
Authors: Batin Maxim O. , Parkhomenko Daria V.
Published: November 2021

The construction object should always be examined in a forensic examination in conjunction with a land plot or other objects of land relations on which it is located. The lack of analysis of information about the land plot in the construction and technical expertise can lead to both time, it is important to take into account both the condition of the land plot and its legal status. This article comprehensively examines the types of construction expertise by groups and the need to analyze the status of a land plot in them.
POSSIBILITIES OF USING PHASE ONE 190MP AERIAL SYSTEM AERIAL SURVEY RESULTS DURING CREATION OF A TERRITORY GEOINFORMATION SPACE
Authors: Khaidukova Diana M. , Lerman Yaroslava V. , Anashkin Pavel A.
Published: November 2021

Results of using in Russia Phase One 190MP Aerial System are presented. Qualitative characteristics of the obtained photographic materials and a possibility of its use during creation of territories digital information models are investigated. Technical features and range of Phase One 190MP Aerial System using in aerial survey, specifics of planning software and management of aero survey works and also some results of photogrammetric processing of pictures are discussed. Possibilities of the software for photogrammetric processing of pictures for the purpose of creation of True Ortophoto are tested. An assessment of labor input of photogrammetric works is given. In addition to creation of digital Orthophoto on the basis of the data obtained from the Phase One 190MP aerial camera the dense cloud of points, the detailed surface and 3-D digital terrain model are made. The possibility of use of digital models for specialized engineering calculations in geoinformation space by means of automated design engineering systems for the purpose of replenishment of model of territories is investigated by derived spatial data.
Теория организации рационального землепользования на основе подхода к изучению локализации стоимости на территории
Authors: Жигулина Татьяна Николаевна , Мерецкий Валерий Александрович
Published: November 2021

В статье рассмотрена одна из основных проблем системы управления земельными ресурсами государства – проблема информационного обеспечения принятия решений. На примере построения геоинформационной модели локализации стоимости земли, показана возможность определения различных по ценности территорий на основе интегрального учета рыночных данных о ценах предложения (сделки) и статистических показателей, характеризующих развитость качества социального обеспечения населения, в части наличия минимальных условий для комфортности проживания. Для понимания относительной ценности той или иной точки на цифровой модели построено подобие ценового рельефа. С помощью построенной модели на территории региона однозначно можно выделить несколько категорий территорий, отличающихся по ценности. Рассмотрены факторы, поясняющие сложившиеся категории территорий в регионе. Набор таких моделей дает действенный инструмент, способный эффективно строить прогнозы использования и предлагать конкретные механизмы совершенствования политики в области управления земельно-имущественным комплексом региона, направленной на повышение его ценности.
Ice on Suspension Bridge Cables
Authors: Hjorth Poul , Ljungdahl Victor B. , Madsen Steffen , Ikonomakis Angelos , Listov-Saabye Pedersen Frederik , Please Colin P. , Shirley Matthew
Published: November 2021

In this report we study mathematical models for predicting when ice may form and fall from vertical steel hangers of suspension bridges down onto the road below. This is an important problem to study, not only because of the economic costs related to closing a bridge due to the risk of falling ice, but also the human cost if the bridge is still open to traffic when ice falls down. In the report we present two main categories of models for predicting falling times: 1) models based on heat transfer from the surrounding air, and 2) models based on heating due to radiation from the sun. A flow chart is furthermore presented together with tables for determining which model to use and quickly estimating time of failure based on a set of simple conditions.
Depremin Yıkıcı Etkisiyle Başa Çıkmada Etkili Olan Etkenler
Authors: ÖZGÖLET Büsra Meltem , UTKUCU Murat
Published: November 2021

Deprem, yer kabuğundaki kırılmalar sonucu oluşan ani sarsıntılardır. Deprem, insanların güven içinde yürüdüğü toprağın yerinden oynadığını, yerin üstündeki bütün varlıkların zarar görebileceğini, can ve mal kayıplarına neden olabileceğini bize gösteren doğal bir afettir. Depremin sosyal, ekolojik, psikolojik, ekonomik vb. bir çok boyutu vardır. Deprem anında herkes paniğe kapılır kaygı ve stres yaşar, o anda duydukları sesler, gördükleri görüntüler zihinlerinde unutamayacakları bir yer edinir. Depremden sonra insanların yaşadıkları can ve mal kayıplarının etkisi ilk önce akut stres bozukluğu, ilerleyen süreçte travma sonrası stres bozukluğu(TSSB) olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bununla birlikte depresyonda bu sürece eşlik etmektedir. İnsan doğası gereği sorunlarla baş etme becerisine sahiptir. Bu çalışmada derleme yöntemi kullanılarak depremin yıkıcı etkisiyle psikolojik olarak başa çıkmada etkili olan değişkenlerin neler olduğunu incelenmiştir. İncelemeler sonucu depremin yıkıcı etkisiyle başa çıkmada öne çıkan etkenler; aile desteği, dini inanç ve sosyal destek olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır.
Standartlaştırılmış Yağış İndeksi (SYİ) Yöntemi ile Kızılırmak Deltası (Samsun) Kuraklık Analizi
Authors: Şener Erhan
Published: November 2021

Son yıllarda, mevcut su kaynakları üzerinde küresel iklim değişikliğinin olumsuz etkileri açıkça gözlenmektedir. Kızılırmak Deltası içerinde birçok su kütlesi barındıran ülkemizin en büyük ve en önemli sulak alanlarından birisidir. Özellikle delta içerisindeki yüzey sularında önemli miktarlarda hacim kayıpları yaşanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, standartlaştırılmış yağış indeksi (SYİ) yöntemi kullanılarak Kızılırmak Deltasına yönelik kuraklık analizi yapılmıştır. Bunun için delta içerisinde ve çevresinde bulunan Samsun ve Bafra meteoroloji istasyonlarına ait yağış verileri kullanılmıştır. Kızılırmak Deltası’nın kuraklık analizine göre her bir istasyon için belirlenen yağışlı ve kurak dönemler genel olarak biribirleri ile uyum göstermektedir. Özellikle 2013-2015 yılları arasında kurak dönemler izlenirken 2010, 2012, 2016 yılları genel olarak yağışlı dönemler yaşandığı belirlenmiştir.
Profiling Branchial Bacteria of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Following Exposure to Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Slinger Joel , Wynne James W. , Adams Mark B.
Published: November 2021

Microbial gill diseases caused by either opportunistic or specific pathogens are an emerging area of concern for aquaculture producers in part due to their sometimes complex and/or cryptic nature. Many antimicrobial treatments used in aquacultural settings are broad spectrum in nature. The effect of such therapeutics upon reduction and recolonization of commensal or pathogenic microbiota post-treatment has received little attention to date. Commensal bacteria are an integral component of the barrier function of mucosal surfaces in animals. This study evaluated the effect of several commercially relevant antimicrobial treatments upon the diversity and composition of branchial bacteria of Atlantic salmon. Here we exposed Atlantic salmon smolt to a number of commercially relevant antimicrobial treatments including chemotherapeutants (chloramine-t and hydrogen peroxide) and antibiotics (oxytetracycline and florfenicol) in vivo. Subsequently we examined the change in bacterial load, 16S rRNA gene expression, and taxonomic diversity post-treatment upon the gills. Results revealed a decrease in cultivable bacterial colonies after antimicrobial treatment, and a downstream decrease in bacterial richness and abundance post-treatment, with colonization of several prominent pathogenic taxa including Vibrio and Tenacibaculum. Temporal tracing over a 14-day period demonstrated that the bacteriome of gill mucus is sensitive to change, and altered by antimicrobial treatment and handling. This study identified candidate antimicrobial treatments which could be implemented in future studies to illustrate the effect of dysbiosis on microbial gill diseases.
Research Progress of circRNAs in Glioblastoma
Authors: Guo Xu , Piao Haozhe
Published: November 2021

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of single-stranded covalently closed non-coding RNAs without a 5′ cap structure or 3′ terminal poly (A) tail, which are expressed in a variety of tissues and cells with conserved, stable and specific characteristics. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and lethal tumor in the central nervous system, characterized by high recurrence and mortality rates. The specific expression of circRNAs in GBM has demonstrated their potential to become new biomarkers for the development of GBM. The specific expression of circRNAs in GBM has shown their potential as new biomarkers for GBM cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion, which provides new ideas for GBM treatment. In this paper, we will review the biological properties and functions of circRNAs and their biological roles and clinical applications in GBM.
Development of Sustainable Catalytic Pathways for Furan Derivatives
Authors: Liu Xiaofang , Yu Dayong , Yang Wenjia , Zhang Qiuyun , Wu Hongguo , Li Can
Published: November 2021

Biomass, the only globally available, renewable feedstock of organic carbon, is considered a viable alternative to fossil fuels. It can be efficiently utilized to produce various building blocks in accordance with green and sustainable chemistry principles. In this review, recent progress, such as the transformation of carbohydrates (C5 or C6 sugar, inulin, and cellulose) and their derivatives (furfural, hydroxymethylfurfural) into significant platform chemicals over polyoxometalates, zeolites, non-noble metals, and ionic liquids in single or multiphase, is evaluated.
Synthesis of β-Enaminonitrile-Linked 8-Methoxy-1H-Benzo[f]Chromene Moieties and Analysis of Their Antitumor Mechanisms
Authors: Elgaafary Menna , Fouda Ahmed M. , Mohamed Hany M. , Hamed Abdelaaty , El-Mawgoud Heba K. A. , Jin Lu , Ulrich Judith , Simmet Thomas , Syrovets Tatiana , El-Agrody Ahmed M.
Published: November 2021

A series of aryl-substituted 3-amino-1-aryl-8-methoxy-1H-benzo[f]chromene-2-carbonitriles (4a–4q) were designed and synthesized via reaction of 6-methoxy-2-naphthol with a mixture of appropriate aromatic aldehydes and malononitrile under microwave conditions. The structures of the novel compounds 4b, 4c, 4f, 4g, 4i, 4l, 4m, and 4o–4q were established according to IR,1H-NMR,13C-NMR/13C-NMR-DEPT, and MS. The benzochromene derivative 4c with a single chlorine at the meta position of the phenyl ring and, to a lesser extent, other benzochromenes with monohalogenated phenyl ring (4a, 4c–4f) exhibited the highest cytotoxicity against six human cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231, A549, HeLa, MIA PaCa-2, 5,637, and Hep G2. The mechanisms of the cytotoxic activities of benzochromenes with monohalogenated phenyl ring (4a, 4c–4f) were further analyzed using triple-negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Cell cycle analysis showed accumulation of the treated cells in S phase for 4a, 4d–4f, and S-G2/M phases for 4c.In vivo, 4a and 4c–4f inhibited growth, proliferation, and triggered apoptosis in preestablished breast cancer xenografts grown on the chick chorioallantoic membranes while exhibiting low systemic toxicity. Compounds 4a and 4c–4f increased levels of mitochondrial superoxide and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential resulting in initiation of apoptosis as demonstrated by caspase 3/7 activation. In addition, 4c induced general oxidative stress in cancer cells. The SAR study confirmed that halogens of moderate size at meta or para positions of the pendant phenyl ring enhance the cytotoxic activity of 3-amino-1-aryl-8-methoxy-1H-benzo[f]chromene-2-carbonitriles, and these compounds could serve as leads for the development of novel anticancer therapies.
Synthesis of Nickel In Situ Modified SAPO-11 Molecular Sieves and Hydroisomerization Performance of Their NiWS Supported Catalysts
Authors: Dai Xiaojun , Cheng Yan , Si Meng , Wei Qiang , Zhao Luyuan , Wang Xiaohan , Huang Wenbin , Liu Haoran , Zhou Yasong
Published: November 2021

SAPO-11 molecular sieves were modified with different Ni contents by the in situ modification method. The Ni-modified SAPO-11 molecular sieves were used as the supports to prepare the corresponding NiW-supported catalysts for the hydroisomerization of n-hexadecane. The Ni-modified SAPO-11 and the corresponding NiW-supported catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, N2 adsorption–desorption, NH3-temperature-programmed desorption, pyridine adsorbed infrared, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that Ni in situ modification preserved the crystal structure of SAPO-11; increased the BET specific surface area, mesopore volume, and medium and strong Brønsted acid amount of SAPO-11; and increased the stacking number of the active phase of the catalysts. 3Ni-SAPO-11 possessed the largest BET specific surface area, mesopore volume, and medium and strong Brønsted acid amount. NiW/3Ni-SAPO-11 possessed the highest dispersion of the active phase and the highest sulfidation degree of the active metals. The results of the hydroisomerization of n-hexadecane showed that Ni in situ modification improved the catalytic activity and selectivity of the catalysts for the hydroisomerization of n-hexadecane to varying degrees. Especially, NiW/3Ni-SAPO-11 had the highest catalytic activity and isomer selectivity, and the maximum yield of isomeric hexadecane could reach 71.18%.
Evaluation of Origanum vulgare Essential Oil and Its Active Ingredients as Potential Drugs for the Treatment of Toxoplasmosis
Authors: Yao Na , Xu Qiong , He Jia-Kang , Pan Ming , Hou Zhao-Feng , Liu Dan-Dan , Tao Jian-Ping , Huang Si-Yang
Published: November 2021

Toxoplasma gondii is a serious hazard to public health and animal husbandry. Due to the current dilemma of treatment of toxoplasmosis, it is urgent to find new anti-T. gondii drugs to treat toxoplasmosis. In this study, the anti-T. gondii activity of Origanum vulgare essential oil (Ov EO) was firstly studied, and then, carvanol (Ca), the main ingredient of Ov EO was evaluated using the MTT assay on human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cells in vitro. The cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT assay on HFF cells. The CC50 of Ov EO and Ca was 134.9 and 43.93 μg/ml, respectively. Both of them exhibited anti-parasitic activity, and inhibited the growth of T. gondii in a dose-dependent manner. For the inhibition effect, Ca was better than Ov EO at the same concentration, the IC50 of Ov EO and Ca was 16.08 and 7.688 μg/ml, respectively. In addition, treatment with Ca, was found to change the morphology of T. gondii tachyzoites and made their shapes curl up. These results showed that Ca was able to inhibit the proliferation of T. gondii by reducing invasion, which may be due to its detrimental effect on the mobility of tachyzoites. Our results indicated that Ca could be a potential new and effective drug for treating toxoplasmosis.
Relationship Between Leaflets and Root in Normal Aortic Valve Based on Computed Tomography Imaging: Implication for Aortic Valve Repair
Authors: Yang Tianyang , Wen Haini , El-Hamamsy Ismail , Ni Qiming , Sun Yanbin , Zhu Dan
Published: November 2021

Objective: By assessing the normal dimensions and the relationship between the aortic root and leaflets in Chinese population, the objective of this three-dimensional computed tomography (3DCT)-based study was to establish a matching reference for leaflets and aortic root for aortic valve (AV) repair.

Method: Electrocardiogram-gated multi-detector CT was performed on 168 Chinese participants with a normal aortic valve. Measurements of the aortic annuli and leaflets were obtained. The correlations between and the ratios of the specific root and leaflet measurements were analyzed. The references for the leaflet and root dimensions were suggested based on geometric height (gH) using a linear regression equation. The utility of the ratios was tested with CT images of 15 patients who underwent aortic valve repair.

Result: The mean annulus diameter (AD), sino-tubular junction (STJ) diameter, geometric height (gH), effective height (eH), free margin length (FML), commissural height (ComH), inter-commissural distance (ICD), and coaptation height (CH) were 22.4 ± 1.7 mm, 27.3 ± 2, 0.4 mm, 15.5 ± 1.7 mm, 8.9 ± 1.2 mm, 32.0 ± 3.4 mm, 17.9 ± 1.9 mm, 23.1 ± 2.3 mm, and 3.1 ± 0.6 mm, respectively. The gH/AD, FML/ICD, and eH/ComH ratios were 0.69 ± 0.07, 1.38 ± 0.08, and 0.50 ± 0.07, respectively. The gH correlated with all other leaflet and root measurements (P < 0.01), whereas the FML demonstrated a better correlation with ICD compared with gH (R2 = 0.75, and R2 = 0.37, respectively). The FML/ICD and eH/ComH ratios might be used to assess leaflet-root mismatch and post-repair leaflet billowing.

Conclusion: The normal aortic valve measurements based on 3DCT revealed a specific relationship between the root and leaflets; and this will guide the development of an objective method of aortic valve repair.
Experience, Seniority and Gut Feeling—A Qualitative Examination of How Swedish Police Officers Perceive They Value, Evaluate and Manage Knowledge When Making Decisions
Authors: Eliasson Michelle
Published: November 2021

There is a debate in current scholarship regarding whether or not education and training is an effective tool to change police officers’ conduct. Compared to the United States, Sweden has longer training for officers who experience 2 years of academic training and 6 months of practical training. The Swedish police training is also, contrary to the American training, standardized. This paper aims to investigate how Swedish officers value, evaluate and manage knowledge when making decisions. To examine this further 27 qualitative interviews were conducted with 14 male and 13 female Swedish police officers during 2018. The interviews were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis in both English and Swedish to uncover themes and codes. Findings suggest that police officers utilize experience, seniority, and gut feeling when valuing, evaluating and managing knowledge. Furthermore, the results imply that certain types of knowledge are valued differently by officers. These findings can inform how and if education can be used as a tool to potentially change how officers in the US and other countries make their decisions.
Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of Chinese Children With GLUT1 Deficiency Syndrome: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Hu Qingqing , Shen Yuechi , Su Tangfeng , Liu Yan , Xu Sanqing
Published: November 2021

Objective: GLUT1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT1-DS) is a rare, treatable neurometabolic disorder. However, its diagnosis may be challenging due to the various and evolving phenotypes. Here we report the first Chinese familial cases with genetically confirmed GLUT1-DS and analyze the characteristics of Chinese children with GLUT1-DS from clinical, laboratory, and genetic aspects.

Methods: We reported a Chinese family with three members affected with GLUT1-DS and searched for relevant articles up to September 2020 from PubMed, WOS, CNKI, and WanFang databases. A total of 30 Chinese patients diagnosed with GLUT1-DS (three newly identified patients in one family and 27 previously reported ones) were included and analyzed in this study.

Results: The median age of onset of the 30 patients (male: 18, female: 12) was 8.5 months (range, 33 days to 10 years). Epileptic seizures were found in 25 patients, most with generalized tonic–clonic and focal ones. Movement disorders were found in 20 patients—frequently with ataxia and dystonia, developmental delay in 25 patients, and microcephaly only in six patients. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed decreased CSF glucose (median: 1.63 mmol/L, range: 1.1–2.6 mmol/L) and glucose ratio of CSF to blood (median: 0.340; range: 0.215–0.484). The genetic testing performed in 28 patients revealed 27 cases with pathogenic variations of the SLC2A1 gene, including 10 missense, nine frameshift, three nonsense, three large fragment deletions, and two splice-site mutations. Most patients had a good response to the treatment of ketogenic diet or regular diet with increased frequency. Although three patients in this Chinese family carried the same pathogenic mutation c.73C > T (p.Q25X) in the SLC2A1 gene, their symptoms and responses to treatment were not exactly the same.

Conclusion: The clinical manifestations of GLUT1-DS are heterogeneous, even among family members sharing the same mutation. For children with unexplained epileptic seizures, developmental delay, and complex movement disorders, detection of low CSF glucose or SLC2A1 gene mutations is helpful for the diagnosis of GLUT1-DS. Early initiation of ketogenic diet treatment significantly improves the symptoms and prognosis of GLUT1-DS.
Transcriptional Control of Gene Expression and the Heterogeneous Cellular Identity of Erythroblastic Island Macrophages
Authors: Mukherjee Kaustav , Bieker James J.
Published: November 2021

During definitive erythropoiesis, maturation of erythroid progenitors into enucleated reticulocytes requires the erythroblastic island (EBI) niche comprising a central macrophage attached to differentiating erythroid progenitors. Normally, the macrophage provides a nurturing environment for maturation of erythroid cells. Its critical physiologic importance entails aiding in recovery from anemic insults, such as systemic stress or acquired disease. Considerable interest in characterizing the central macrophage of the island niche led to the identification of putative cell surface markers enriched in island macrophages, enabling isolation and characterization. Recent studies focus on bulk and single cell transcriptomics of the island macrophage during adult steady-state erythropoiesis and embryonic erythropoiesis. They reveal that the island macrophage is a distinct cell type but with widespread cellular heterogeneity, likely suggesting distinct developmental origins and biological function. These studies have also uncovered transcriptional programs that drive gene expression in the island macrophage. Strikingly, the master erythroid regulator EKLF/Klf1 seems to also play a major role in specifying gene expression in island macrophages, including a putative EKLF/Klf1-dependent transcription circuit. Our present review and analysis of mouse single cell genetic patterns suggest novel expression characteristics that will enable a clear enrichment of EBI subtypes and resolution of island macrophage heterogeneity. Specifically, the discovery of markers such as Epor, and specific features for EKLF/Klf1-expressing island macrophages such as Sptb and Add2, or for SpiC-expressing island macrophage such as Timd4, or for Maf/Nr1h3-expressing island macrophage such as Vcam1, opens exciting possibilities for further characterization of these unique macrophage cell types in the context of their critical developmental function.
Sex and Gender Bias in Covid-19 Clinical Case Reports
Authors: Salter-Volz Aysha E. , Oyasu Abigail , Yeh Chen , Muhammad Lutfiyya N. , Woitowich Nicole C.
Published: November 2021

Clinical case reports circulate relevant information regarding disease presentation and describe treatment protocols, particularly for novel conditions. In the early months of the Covid-19 pandemic, case reports provided key insights into the pathophysiology and sequelae associated with Covid-19 infection and described treatment mechanisms and outcomes. However, case reports are often subject to selection bias due to their singular nature. To better understand how selection biases may have influenced Covid-19-releated case reports, we conducted a bibliometric analysis of Covid-19-releated case reports published in high impact journals from January 1 to June 1, 2020. Case reports were coded for patient sex, country of institutional affiliation, physiological system, and first and last author gender. Of 494 total case reports, 45% (n = 221) of patients were male, 30% (n = 146) were female, and 25% (n = 124) included both sexes. Ratios of male-only to female-only case reports varied by physiological system. The majority of case reports had male first (61%, n = 302) and last (70%, n = 340) authors. Case reports with male last authors were more likely to describe male patients [X2 (2, n = 465) = 6.6, p = 0.037], while case reports with female last authors were more likely to include patients of both sexes [OR = 1.918 (95% CI = 1.163–3.16)]. Despite a limited sample size, these data reflect emerging research on sex-differences in the physiological presentation and impact of Covid-19 and parallel large-scale trends in authorship patterns. Ultimately, this work highlights potential biases in the dissemination of clinical information via case reports and underscores the inextricable influences of sex and gender biases within biomedicine.
Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) Is Susceptible to Renibacterium salmoninarum Infection and Induces Cell-Mediated Immunity in the Chronic Stage
Authors: Gnanagobal Hajarooba , Cao Trung , Hossain Ahmed , Dang My , Hall Jennifer R. , Kumar Surendra , Van Cuong Doan , Boyce Danny , Santander Javier
Published: November 2021

Renibacterium salmoninarum is a Gram-positive, intracellular pathogen that causes Bacterial Kidney Disease (BKD) in several fish species in freshwater and seawater. Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) is utilized as a cleaner fish to biocontrol sea lice infestation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) farms. Atlantic salmon is susceptible to R. salmoninarum, and it can transfer the infection to other fish species. Although BKD outbreaks have not been reported in lumpfish, its susceptibility and immune response to R. salmoninarum is unknown. In this study, we evaluated the susceptibility and immune response of lumpfish to R. salmoninarum infection. Groups of lumpfish were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with either R. salmoninarum (1×107, 1×108, or 1×109 cells dose-1) or PBS (control). R. salmoninarum infection kinetics and mortality were followed for 98 days post-infection (dpi). Transcript expression levels of 33 immune-relevant genes were measured in head kidney (n = 6) of fish infected with 1×109 cells/dose and compared to the control at 28 and 98 dpi. Infected lumpfish displayed characteristic clinical signs of BKD. Lumpfish infected with high, medium, and low doses had a survival rate of 65%, 93%, and 95%, respectively. Mortality in the high-dose infected group stabilized after 50 dpi, but R. salmoninarum persisted in the fish tissues until 98 dpi. Cytokines (il1β, il8a, il8b), pattern recognition receptors (tlr5a), interferon-induced effectors (rsad2, mxa, mxb, mxc), and iron regulation (hamp) and acute phase reactant (saa5) related genes were up-regulated at 28 dpi. In contrast, cell-mediated adaptive immunity-related genes (cd4a, cd4b, ly6g6f, cd8a, cd74) were down-regulated at 28 dpi, revealing the immune suppressive nature of R. salmoninarum. However, significant upregulation of cd74 at 98 dpi suggests induction of cell-mediated immune response. This study showed that R. salmoninarum infected lumpfish in a similar fashion to salmonid fish species and caused a chronic infection, enhancing cell-mediated adaptive immune response.
N6-Methyladenosine Methylation Analysis of Long Noncoding RNAs and mRNAs in IPEC-J2 Cells Treated With Clostridium perfringens beta2 Toxin
Authors: Yang Jiaojiao , Yang Qiaoli , Zhang Juanli , Gao Xiaoli , Luo Ruirui , Xie Kaihui , Wang Wei , Li Jie , Huang Xiaoyu , Yan Zunqiang , Wang Pengfei , Gun Shuangbao
Published: November 2021

Background

The n6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is present widely in mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and is related to the occurrence and development of certain diseases. However, the role of m6A methylation in Clostridium perfringens type C infectious diarrhea remains unclear.

Methods

Here, we treated intestinal porcine jejunum epithelial cells (IPEC-J2 cells) with Clostridium perfringens beta2 (CPB2) toxin to construct an in vitro model of Clostridium perfringens type C (C. perfringens type C) infectious diarrhea, and then used methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to identify the methylation profiles of mRNAs and lncRNAs in IPEC-J2 cells.

Results

We identified 6,413 peaks, representing 5,825 m6A-modified mRNAs and 433 modified lncRNAs, of which 4,356 m6A modified mRNAs and 221 m6A modified lncRNAs were significantly differential expressed between the control group and CPB2 group. The motif GGACU was enriched significantly in both the control group and the CPB2 group. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotation analysis showed that the differentially methylated modified mRNAs were mainly enriched in Hippo signaling pathway and Wnt signaling pathway. In addition, the target genes of the differentially m6A modified lncRNAs were related to defense response to virus and immune response. For example, ENSSSCG00000042575, ENSSSCG00000048701 and ENSSSCG00000048785 might regulate the defense response to virus, immune and inflammatory response to resist the harmful effects of viruses on cells.

Conclusion

In summary, this study established the m6A transcription profile of mRNAs and lncRNAs in IPEC-J2 cells treated by CPB2 toxin. Further analysis showed that m6A-modified RNAs were related to defense against viruses and immune response after CPB2 toxin treatment of the cells. Threem6A-modified lncRNAs, ENSSSCG00000042575, ENSSSCG00000048785 and ENSSSCG00000048701, were most likely to play a key role in CPB2 toxin-treated IPEC-J2 cells. The results provide a theoretical basis for further research on the role of m6A modification in piglet diarrhea.
Performance Evaluation of Multiple Ultrasonographical Methods for the Detection of Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome
Authors: Xu Shihao , Luo Jing , Zhu Chengwei , Jiang Jiachun , Cheng Hui , Wang Ping , Hong Jingwei , Fang Jinxia , Pan Jingjing , Brown Matthew A. , Zhu Xiaochun , Wang Xiaobing
Published: November 2021

Major salivary gland ultrasonography (SGUS) is increasingly being recognized as having critical roles in differentiating primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) from other connective tissue disorders. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) has been reported to evaluate microvascularity of lesions in different tissues with objective angiographic index, eliminating the observer-dependent defect of ultrasonography. However, there are few relevant studies concentrating on the application of CEUS in the diagnosis and assessment for pSS, and their clinical utility prospect remains uncertain. In this study, a total of 227 eligible patients were enrolled, including 161 pSS and 66 non-pSS patients with comprehensive ultrasonographic evaluation of the parotid and submandibular glands, including grayscale ultrasonography, color Doppler sonography (CDS), and CEUS. Compared with non-pSS, pSS patients had significantly higher grayscale ultrasound (US) scores and CDS blood grades in the parotid gland and significantly higher grayscale US and CEUS scores in the submandibular glands. Diagnostic model combining ultrasonographic signatures, anti-SSA/Ro60, and keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) tests showed a remarkable discrimination [mean area under the curve (AUC)0.963 in submandibular glands and 0.934 in parotid glands] for pSS, and the nomogram provided excellent prediction accuracy and good calibration in individualized prediction of pSS. A combination of multiple ultrasonographical examinations of the major salivary glands (SGs) is a promising technique that may be used as a practical alternative to minor SG biopsy in the detection of pSS.
Scaling a Community-Wide Campaign Intervention to Manage Hypertension and Weight Loss
Authors: Reininger Belinda M. , Mitchell-Bennett Lisa A. , Lee MinJae , Yeh Paul G. , Davé Amanda C. , Park Soo Kyung , Xu Tianlin , Ochoa-Del Toro Alma G.
Published: November 2021

Public health impacts can be achieved when evidence-based interventions are implemented to those most in need. Too often implementation never or slowly occurs. The community-wide campaign intervention Tu Salud ¡Si Cuenta! has evidence of improving health outcomes related to chronic disease among low-income, Latinos. Using the RE-AIM Framework, this study examined if the scaled-up version of the intervention is associated with improvements in hypertension and obesity in 12 locations. Each element of the RE-AIM framework was examined. For “Effectiveness,” we examined outcomes overall and by implementing location. We used linear and logistic regression to assess if exposure in the intervention was associated with improvement in hypertension and weight loss. Participants were stratified into “low exposure” (2–3 outreach visits) vs. “high exposure” (4–5 outreach visits). Based on the RE-AIM Framework, the intervention “reached” its intended population of low-income Latinos, demonstrated “effectiveness” in improving hypertension and obesity, was “adopted” at a high level in all but one site, was “implemented” with fidelity to the intervention model with moderate success across locations, and showed high “maintenance” over time. For effectiveness specifically, we found that out of 5,019 participants, 2,508 (50%) had a baseline hypertensive blood pressure (BP) reading. Of the 2,508, 1,245 (49.9%) recovered to normal blood pressure or pre-hypertension stage by last follow-up. After adjusting for baseline BP and potential confounders in multivariable linear regression models, the high exposure group had significantly more reduction in systolic BP (adjusted mean difference in % change = −0.96; p = 0.002) and diastolic BP (adjusted mean difference in % change = −1.61; p < 0.0001) compared to the low exposure group. After controlling for baseline weight and other confounders, the high exposure group had significantly greater decrease in weight compared to the low exposure group (adjusted mean difference in % change = −1.28; p < 0.0001). Results from the multivariable logistic regression models indicated that compared to the low exposure group the high exposure group was more likely to achieve a clinically significant minimum 5% weight loss [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.97; p < 0.0001). This study contributes evidence that a Community-Wide Campaign model holds promise for addressing hypertension and obesity among low-income Latinos.
Microbial Response to Fungal Infection in a Fungus-Growing Termite, Odontotermes formosanus (Shiraki)
Authors: Wu Chen-Yu , Meng Jing , Merchant Austin , Zhang Yi-Xiang , Li Mu-Wang , Zhou Xu-Guo , Wang Qian
Published: November 2021

The crosstalk between gut microbiota and host immunity has emerged as one of the research foci of microbiome studies in recent years. The purpose of this study was to determine how gut microbes respond to fungal infection in termites, given their reliance on gut symbionts for food intake as well as maintaining host health. Here, we used Metarhizium robertsii, an entomopathogenic fungus, to infect Odontotermes formosanus, a fungus-growing termite in the family Termitidae, and documented changes in host gut microbiota via a combination of bacterial 16S rDNA sequencing, metagenomic shotgun sequencing, and transmission electron microscopy. Our analyses found that when challenged with Metarhizium, the termite gut showed reduced microbial diversity within the first 12 h of fungal infection and then recovered and even surpassed pre-infection flora levels. These combined results shed light on the role of gut flora in maintaining homeostasis and immune homeostasis in the host, and the impact of gut flora dysbiosis on host susceptibility to infection.