bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ambidextrous leadership and radical innovative capability: The moderating role of leader support
Authors: Li Shuwen , Jia Ruiqian , Seufert Juergen H. , Wang Xiaoying , Luo Jinlian
Published: July 2020

Radical innovation is a fundamental approach to achieving sustainable and competitive advantage. However, existing studies have not adequately explored the antecedents of radical innovation; in particular, consideration of leadership factors in a Chinese context is lacking. Ambidextrous leadership provides a new perspective for explaining radical innovation. In this study, we developed a moderation model and tested it with three‐wave data of 511 employees from the Chinese mainland, linking ambidextrous leadership with radical innovative capability. The results support our hypotheses that high‐empowering–low‐directive leadership (punctuated ambidextrous leadership) is more beneficial for radical innovation, and strong leader support can strengthen this effect. However, our hypothesis that simultaneous ambidextrous leadership influences positively radical innovation capability was not supported. These findings indicate that leaders should change their original conservative and directive strategies to enhance radical innovative capability.
Internet of things assisted condition‐based support for smart manufacturing industry using learning technique
Authors: Li Jing , Tao Hai , Shuhong Liu , Salih Sinan Q. , Zain Jasni Mohamad , Yankun Liu , Vivekananda G. N. , Thanjaivadel M.
Published: July 2020

Nowadays, countless industrial IIoT contraptions and sensors are conveyed a sharp plant to gather tremendous information regarding system conditions and a computerized bodily framework for handling industrial plant's mist point of convergence by using keen assembling projects. By then, the system utilizes an array of condition‐based support model (CBM) procedures to predict when devices begin to unusually work and to keep them up or supplant their fragments ahead of time to avoid assembling colossal investigator items in smart manufacturing industries. CBM experiences problems of floating ideas (ie, conveying examples of deficiencies can change extra time) and information of lop‐sidedness (ie, information with issues represents a minority of all things considered). The condition‐based support assisted learning technique by the group that coordinates the assorted variety of numerous classifiers provides an elite response to address these issues. Therefore, in this work the proposed work classifies offline three‐organized CBM with floats of ideas and awkwardness data, using an improved Dynamic AdaBoost for preparing a group classifier and an enhanced linear four rates (LFR) methodology is used by the classifier of nominal and continuous (NC) with synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) method to tackle inconsistent information in recognizing concept floats in lop‐sidedness information. The investigational results scheduled datasets by varying notches anomaly demonstration that the future strategy has a high degree of accuracy in the identifiable evidence of minority knowledge, which is over 96%.
Multiple‐scale interactions structure macroinvertebrate assemblages associated with kelp understory algae
Authors: Bué Mathilde , Smale Dan A. , Natanni Giulia , Marshall Helen , Moore Pippa J.
Published: July 2020

Aim

Kelp forests provide habitat and food that supports a high diversity of flora and fauna. While numerous studies have described macroinvertebrates associated with kelp blades, stipes and holdfasts, a key kelp forest microhabitat, epilithic understory algae, remains poorly studied. Here, we used a macroecological approach and artificial seaweed units (ASUs) to explore the effects of ocean climate, wave exposure and habitat complexity on understory algal associated macroinvertebrate assemblages withinLaminaria hyperboreaforests in the United Kingdom.

Location

9° latitudinal gradient along the north and west coasts of the United Kingdom.

Methods

Replicate ASUs comprising four different habitat complexities were deployed under matureL. hyperboreaat 2 sites (along a wave exposure gradient, separated by km) within each of 4 locations (separated by 100s km) nested within two regions (warm and cold, spanning 9° of latitude). After 5 months in situ, the ASUs were collected and macroinvertebrates were identified to species level and enumerated.

Results

Habitat complexity and wave exposure both influenced macroinvertebrate assemblage structure, but results also showed clear effects of ocean climate, with macroinvertebrate assemblages differing between warm and cool regions, primarily driven by higher diversity and evenness in the warmer region and greater abundance in the cooler region.

Main conclusions

Predicted warming and a shift to less complex turf‐forming algal assemblages are likely to alter the structure of macroinvertebrate assemblages associated with understory algae, with potential implications for kelp forest food web dynamics.
Life expectancy and cause of death in individuals with haemophilia A and B in Norway, 1986‐2018
Authors: Skjefstad Kaja , Solberg Olga , Glosli Heidi , von der Lippe Charlotte , Feragen Kristin B.
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Evaluate trends over time in age‐ and cause of death in males with haemophilia (PWH) in Norway compared with the general male population and investigate its correlates with improvements in haemophilia treatment.

Methods

Data about age and cause of death in the period of 1986‐2018, from two independent, high‐quality national registries: the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry (NCoDR) and the patient registry at Centre for Rare Disorders (CRD), Oslo University Hospital.

Results

Life expectancy increased significantly from 1986 to 2018. However, PWH still had a decreased mean age at death of 56.8 years (SD = 24.7) in the NCoDR and 58.6 years (SD = 21.7) in the CRD data, compared with 73.9 years (SD = 16.3) in the general male population. There was a distinct shift in the most frequently reported haemophilia‐related causes of death, such as haemorrhage and AIDS, to more age‐related causes of death, such as cancer, reflecting an ageing population.

Conclusion

Haemophilia treatment has improved significantly in the last three decades. Despite treatment‐related improvements, PWH in Norway still have a decreased life expectancy compared with the general male population.
Maintenance therapy in transplant ineligible adults with newly‐diagnosed multiple myeloma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Balitsky Amaris K. , Karkar Aram , McCurdy Arleigh , Rochwerg Bram , Mian Hira S.
Published: July 2020

Background

The role of maintenance therapy in transplant ineligible multiple myeloma (MM) patients following a period of fixed duration induction therapy remains unclear.

Objectives

We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining maintenance therapy compared to observation.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive search including MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane database up to February 28, 2020, for RCTs comparing maintenance therapy to observation in newly diagnosed transplant ineligible MM patients. Two authors independently screened studies for eligibility, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. We performed meta‐analyses using a random‐effects model and assessed certainty using GRADE methodology.

Main results

We included five RCTs with a total of 1139 patients. Patients receiving maintenance therapy had improved progression‐free survival (PFS) compared to observation (Hazard ratio [HR] 0.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.38 to 0.62, high certainty); however, there was no difference in overall survival (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.76‐1.2, moderate certainty). Adverse events were higher in the maintenance group compared to observation (very low to moderate certainty).

Conclusion

Maintenance therapy increases PFS in transplant ineligible MM patients following a fixed period of induction therapy; however, this must be weighed against the increased risk of adverse events.
New AFCC Guidelines for Parenting Coordination (2019)
Authors: Force Task
Published: July 2020

In 2017, AFCC President Annette Burns (2017–18) commissioned a Task Force, led by Dr. Debra Carter, to review the many changes and developments in parenting coordination that had occurred across the United States, in Canada, and across the world in the approximately 12 years since the 2005 Parenting Coordination Guidelines were released. Though primarily commissioned to update and revise the 2005 Guidelines, the Task Force also identified emerging issues in need of exploration – the use of technology in parenting coordination, parenting coordination as an intervention when intimate partner violence is a component of the dynamic, the importance of multicultural awareness and responsiveness, and the overall impact of the statutes, rules, and regulations that had evolved in significantly varying forms since parenting coordination first presented as an intervention for court‐involved families. The work of the Task Force, including the new (2019) Guidelines for Parenting Coordination, is presented.
Is impartiality enough? Government impartiality and citizens' perceptions of public service quality
Authors: Suzuki Kohei , Demircioglu Mehmet Akif
Published: July 2020

Government impartiality is considered a core feature of quality of government, and one that leads to favorable macro‐level outcomes. We have limited knowledge, however, of how impartiality affects citizens' perceptions of public service quality. In particular, we do not know how the impacts of impartiality differ across citizens from different socioeconomic backgrounds. Understanding this relationship is important because citizens are the main beneficiaries of public services and are directly affected by administrative impartiality. Using the European Quality of Government Index data for 56,925 citizens in 174 European regions, the results of multilevel analysis show that impartiality alone does not lead to an increase in perceived public service quality. However, government impartiality leads to decreased public service quality for vulnerable citizens. The findings are robust across regions and countries even after controlling for individual, regional, and country‐level factors. These results suggest that citizens do not benefit equally from government impartiality.
R&D competition and the persistence of technology leadership
Authors: Beladi Hamid , Mukherjee Arijit
Published: July 2020

We show that whether a technology leader invests more in R&D compared to a technology follower may depend on the R&D process and whether the follower is in the market. Considering Cournot competition, we show that if the firms are in the market, the technology leader (follower) invests more in R&D under a step‐by‐step R&D process (when the firms target similar technologies). However, if the technology follower can enter the market only if it is successful in R&D, the technology follower may invest more (invests more) in R&D under the step‐by‐step R&D process (when the firms target similar technologies). We also show the implications of Bertrand competition.
Analyzing discrimination in recruitment: A guide and best practices for resume studies
Authors: Adamovic Mladen
Published: July 2020

Resume studies are natural field experiments in which researchers standardize the content of resumes and vary them by individual characteristics. Researchers submit the resumes to job advertisements and compare the employers' responses toward the different resumes to measure labor market discrimination. Despite the robustness of this method, its use has not been fully exploited in human resource management and organizational psychology research. Based on a literature review, we provide an overview of the best practices for resume studies and a step‐by‐step plan to guide researchers. We also explain challenges in the design and implementation of these studies and how they can be addressed. Finally, we suggest avenues for future research and how future studies can contribute to reduce hiring discrimination.
Fluorite‐like LixLn5–xMo3O16.5–1.5xFx (Ln = La, Pr, Nd) compounds isostructural with Nd5Mo3O16
Authors: Voronkova Valentina , Kharitonova Elena , Orlova Ekaterina , Baldin Egor , Gorshkov Nikolay , Goffman Vladimir , Chernyak Sergei
Published: July 2020

LixLn5–xMo3O16.5–1.5xFx (0.8 ≤ x ≤ 1.4 (Ln = La), 0.4 ≤ x ≤ 1 (Ln = Pr), 0.6 ≤ x ≤ 1 (Ln = Nd)) solid solutions on the Ln5Mo3O16–LiLn4Mo3O15F joins of the Ln2O3–MoO3–LiF ternary systems, similar to the fluorite‐related cubic compound Nd5Mo3O16, have been prepared by solid‐state reactions. Substitutions of lithium on the rare‐earth site and fluorine on the oxygen site have been shown to lead to a reversible phase transition accompanied by an anomaly in permittivity and a jump in conductivity by one and half orders of magnitude. In a wet atmosphere, the LixLn5–xMo3O16.5–1.5xFx compounds may have proton conductivity.
Pathogenic characterization of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. masoucida turbot isolate from China
Authors: Wang Ping , Li Jie , He Tian Tian , Li Nan , Mo Zhao Lan , Nie Pin , Xie Hai Xia
Published: July 2020

Aeromonas salmonicida is a gram‐negative bacterium that is the causative agent of furunculosis. An A. salmonicida strain was isolated from diseased turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) with the sign of furunculosis from North China. Based on vapA gene, the strain was further classified as A. salmonicida subsp. masoucida RZ6S‐1. Culturing RZ6S‐1 strain at high temperature (28°C) obtained the virulence attenuated strain RZ6S. Genome sequence comparison between the two strains revealed the loss of the type IV secretion system (T4SS) and type III secretion system (T3SS) from the native plasmid pAsmB‐1 and pAsmC‐1 of wild‐type strain RZ6S‐1, respectively. Further study demonstrated that the wild‐type strain RZ6S‐1, but not its derivative mutant RZ6S, can stimulate apoptosis. Elevated protein level of cleaved caspase‐3 was detected from epithelioma papulosum cyprinid (EPC) cells infected with wild‐type strain RZ6S‐1 as compared with that infected with RZ6S strain. Meanwhile, the invasion of the mutant strain RZ6S was about 17‐fold higher than the wild‐type strain RZ6S‐1, suggesting that some protein(s) from A. salmonicida subsp. masoucida RZ6S‐1 suppress its invasion. The RZ6S mutant strain was attenuated, since its LD50 is over 10,000 times higher compared to the wild‐type strain as revealed in the turbot infection model.
Effects of ultrasonic waves, microwaves, and thermal stress treatment on the germination of Tartary buckwheat seeds
Authors: Wang Jianfei , Bian Zixiu , Wang Shunmin , Zhang Lixia
Published: July 2020

The effects of ultrasonic waves, microwaves, thermal stress, thermal stress combined with ultrasonic waves and thermal stress combined with microwaves on the germination of Tartary buckwheat seeds from Ningxia and Sichuan were compared. On the seventh d of germination, the highest germination rate of Tartary buckwheat from Ningxia treated with ultrasonic waves was 87.33%, which was 4.66% higher than that of the control (p < .05). The highest germination rate of the microwaves treatment of Tartary buckwheat from Sichuan was 86.67%, which was 4.67% (p < .05) higher than that of the control. The ultrasonic waves and microwaves treatments increased the content of flavonoids and reducing sugars and enhanced the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. In addition, the ultrasonic waves and microwaves treatments had positive effects on the activities of catalase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase.

Practical Applications

Tartary buckwheat is highly valued as food and for its nutritional and health benefits. The germination of Tartary buckwheat seeds can improve its food quality and nutritional value. Germinated buckwheat has higher contents of phenolics and flavonoids. Two such high‐speed, high efficiency and low energy consumption of heating methods, microwaves and ultrasonic waves processing technologies, are highly significant for the seed germination. In this study, two types of Tartary buckwheat seeds were treated with ultrasonic waves, microwaves, and thermal stress. In addition, the present study reflected the relationship between the germination characteristics and various physiological and biochemical indices. We found that these results are important for the seed germination of Tartary buckwheat and provide the best means of expanding the use of Tartary buckwheat and related products.
Sleep disorders in patients with functional dyspepsia: A multicenter study from the Korean Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility
Authors: Park Jong Kyu , Huh Kyu Chan , Kwon Joong Goo , Jung Kee Wook , Oh Jung Hwan , Song Kyung Ho , Jung Kyoungwon , Bang Ki Bae , Lee Ju Yup , Tae Chung Hyun , Shin Cheol Min , Kim Jong Wook , Lee Hyuk
Published: July 2020

Background and Aim

The few studies concerning the association between sleep disorders and functional dyspepsia (FD) have yielded inconsistent results. We compared the prevalence of sleep disorders in patients with FD and healthy controls, and evaluated whether FD was independently associated with sleep disorders, and the risk factors for sleep disorders in patients with FD.

Methods

This prospective, multicenter, cross‐sectional study was conducted from August 2014 to December 2017 at 12 hospitals in South Korea. The inclusion criterion was the presence of FD (for ≥18 years) according to the Rome III criteria. Healthy controls were recruited from among patients who visited the Health Examination Center for check‐ups.

Results

In total, 526 subjects were prospectively enrolled in this study (201 with FD and 325 healthy controls). The prevalence of sleep disorders was significantly higher among the patients with FD than among the healthy controls (41.8% vs 18.8%, P = 0.000). In a multivariate analysis, FD (odds ratio [OR] = 1.851; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.194–2.870; P = 0.006), female sex (OR = 1.672; 95% CI 1.063–2.628; P = 0.026), and anxiety (OR = 3.325; 95% CI 2.140–5.166; P = 0.000) were independent risk factors for sleep disorders in the overall cohorts. In patients with FD only, low body mass index, heartburn, and anxiety were independent risk factors for sleep disorders in a further multivariate analysis.

Conclusion

Sleep disorders were common in patients with FD. FD was significantly associated with sleep disorders in our patient population, irrespective of the presence of heartburn or psychiatric disorders.
The Prognostic Value of MRI Subventricular Zone Involvement and Tumor Genetics in Lower Grade Gliomas
Authors: Chiang Gloria C. , Pisapia David J. , Liechty Benjamin , Magge Rajiv , Ramakrishna Rohan , Knisely Jonathan , Schwartz Theodore H. , Fine Howard A. , Kovanlikaya Ilhami
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

Glioblastomas (GBMs) that involve the subventricular zone (SVZ) have a poor prognosis, possibly due to recruitment of neural stem cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether SVZ involvement by lower grade gliomas (LGG), WHO grade II and III, similarly predicts poorer outcomes. We further assessed whether tumor genetics and cellularity are associated with SVZ involvement and outcomes.

METHODS

Forty‐five consecutive LGG patients with preoperative imaging and next generation sequencing were included in this study. Regional SVZ involvement and whole tumor apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, as a measure of cellularity, were assessed on magnetic resonance imaging. Progression was determined by RANO criteria. Kaplan‐Meier curves and Cox regression analyses were used to determine the hazard ratios (HR) for progression and survival.

RESULTS

Frontal, parietal, temporal, and overall SVZ involvement and ADC values were not associated with progression or survival (P ≥ .05). However, occipital SVZ involvement, seen in two patients, was associated with a higher risk of tumor progression (HR = 6.6, P = .016) and death (HR = 31.5, P = .015), CDKN2A/B mutations (P = .03), and lower ADC histogram values at the 5th (P = .026) and 10th percentiles (P = .046). Isocitrate dehydrogenase, phosphatase and tensin homolog, epidermal growth factor receptor, and cyclin‐dependent kinase 4 mutations were also prognostic (P ≤ .05).

CONCLUSIONS

Unlike in GBM, overall SVZ involvement was not found to strongly predict poor prognosis in LGGs. However, occipital SVZ involvement, though uncommon, was prognostic and found to be associated with CDKN2A/B mutations and tumor hypercellularity. Further investigation into these molecular mechanisms underlying occipital SVZ involvement in larger cohorts is warranted.
Majority Party Strategy and Suspension of the Rules in the House
Authors: Bussing Austin
Published: July 2020

Most bills that pass the House of Representatives do so under suspension of the rules. Despite the procedure’s prevalence, however, we know little about its systematic use. Although the supermajoritarian threshold for passage of bills under suspension typically precludes the majority party from using these bills for partisan policy, I argue that leadership control over the procedure still allows for the pursuit of party goals. Speakers split the suspension agenda between noncontroversial but substantively important legislation and parochial bills that serve credit‐claiming goals of individual members. While the minority party is not entirely shut out of the process, I argue that Speakers have been strategic in appeasing minority party demands for inclusion. Using data on bills considered under suspension from 1973 to 2015, I demonstrate that the distribution of suspension bills systematically favors electorally vulnerable majority party incumbents, and largely excludes their minority party counterparts.
Routine vitamin A supplementation and other high impact interventions in Sierra Leone
Authors: Koroma Aminata S. , Conteh Sulaiman G. , Bah Mariama , Kamara Habib I. , Turay Mohamed , Kandeh Abdulai , Macauley Anna , Allieu Henry , A. Kargbo Anita , Sonnie Mustapha , Hodges Mary H.
Published: July 2020

In 2017, transition to routine vitamin A supplementation (VAS) commenced as an integrated reproductive and child health service including vaccinations, Albendazole for deworming, complementary feeding demonstrations, ‘quality’ family planning counselling and provision of modern contraceptives. After 10 months, a lot quality assurance sampling survey evaluated coverage of these interventions. Each of three districts was divided into five supervision areas (lots), and 19 villages were randomly selected in each lot proportional to population size. Households were randomly selected, and a questionnaire was administered to a caregiver of a child 6–11, 12–23 and 24–59 months in each village. Overall, caregivers of 855 children were interviewed, and 19 questionnaires were completed for each age group (6–11, 12–23 and 24–59 months) in each of the five lots in each district. All lots in one district passed the threshold of 80% for VAS and 75% coverage for Albendazole, and two lots failed for either VAS/Albendazole in the other two districts. Overall, weighted VAS coverage for children 6–59 months was 86.9%, and weighted Albendazole coverage for children 12–59 months was 80.9%. Most caregivers (77.2%) knew that complementary feeding should be introduced at 6 months, 44.9% were providing three or more (of six) food groups, 84.9% were aware of family planning and 37.5% were using a modern contraceptive. Integration of reproductive and child health services appears to be a suitable platform for routine VAS and Albendazole whilst improving complementary feeding practices and access to family planning.
How firms finance innovation. Further empirics from European SMEs
Authors: Aiello Francesco , Bonanno Graziella , Rossi Stefania P. S.
Published: July 2020

This paper aims to evaluate the role played by different sources of financing when analyzing firms' attitudes towards innovating. The empirical investigation is based on a large sample of European small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) observed over the period 2012–2017. Different measures of finance and several robustness checks are used to select a well‐behaved probit model. The results show that the probability to innovate increases when firms use internal financing and grants. The same applies when funds come from family and friends, while no conclusive evidence is found for bank loans. Recommendations for public policy to encourage firm‐tailored policies to promote investment in intangibles allow firms to benefit from innovation activities. European SMEs will also benefit from capital market developments and the advancement of new financial tools devoted to supporting innovation.
The impact of stigma on medication adherence in patients with functional dyspepsia
Authors: Yan Xiu‐Juan , Luo Qing‐Qing , Qiu Hong‐Yi , Ji Chen‐Feng , Chen Sheng‐Liang
Published: July 2020

Background

Psychological factors contribute to the pathogenesis of functional dyspepsia (FD). Antidepressant agents are beneficial in treatment of refractory FD. However, their efficacy is greatly hindered by the poor treatment adherence. Stigma is present in patients with chronic diseases or mental disorders and could affect adherence. The present study was aimed to evaluate stigma prevalence in FD patients and to explore the impact of stigma on treatment adherence to antidepressants.

Methods

Functional dyspepsia patients unsatisfied with the regular first‐line treatment and received newly initiated antidepressant medicine were recruited and subjected to antidepressant treatment for 8 weeks. Stigma scales and symptom scores of dyspepsia, depression, and anxiety were analyzed before and after treatment. Associations between stigma and medication adherence were evaluated.

Key results

One hundred and ten of the enrolled 138 participants reported minimal disease‐related internalized stigma, and 28 reported mild stigma before antidepressant therapy. Male gender, lower education, and higher scores of dyspepsia, depression, and anxiety were predictors of stigma before treatment. The mean stigma scores increased after 8‐week antidepressant treatment. A proportion (36.4%‐89.9%) of patients showed stigma attached to antidepressant therapy in the 4‐question survey. Post‐treatment stigma scores negatively correlated with treatment adherence and efficacy. Patients with decreased post‐treatment stigma scores displayed better medication adherence and symptom improvement compared to those with elevated or unaltered post‐treatment stigma scores.

Conclusions

Patients with refractory FD report stigma attached to the disease and antidepressants. It is an obstacle to treatment adherence and efficacy of antidepressant medication in FD therapy.
Walkability indices and childhood obesity: A review of epidemiologic evidence
Authors: Yang Shujuan , Chen Xiang , Wang Lei , Wu Tong , Fei Teng , Xiao Qian , Zhang Gang , Ning Yi , Jia Peng
Published: July 2020

The lack of an active neighbourhood living environment can impact community health to a great extent. One such impact manifests in walkability, a measure of urban design in connecting places and facilitating physical activity. Although a low level of walkability is generally considered to be a risk factor for childhood obesity, this association has not been established in obesity research. To further examine this association, we conducted a literature search on PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus for articles published until 31 December 2018. The included literature examined the association between measures of walkability (e.g., walkability score and walkability index) and weight‐related behaviours and/or outcomes among children aged under 18 years. A total of 13 studies conducted in seven countries were identified, including 12 cross‐sectional studies and one longitudinal study. The sample size ranged from 98 to 37 460, with a mean of 4971 ± 10 618, and the age of samples ranged from 2 to 18. Eight studies reported that a higher level of walkability was associated with active lifestyles and healthy weight status, which was not supported by five studies. In addition to reviewing the state‐of‐the‐art of applications of walkability indices in childhood obesity studies, this study also provides guidance on when and how to use walkability indices in future obesity‐related research.
Checking the basis of intraosseous access—Radiological study on tibial dimensions in the pediatric population
Authors: Capobianco Stéphanie , Weiss Markus , Schraner Thomas , Stimec Jennifer , Neuhaus Kathrin , Neuhaus Diego
Published: July 2020

Background

Malposition of intraosseous needles in pediatric patients is frequently reported. Incorrect needle length and penetration depth related to the puncture site and level are possible causes.

Aims

Aim of this study was to analyze anatomic dimensions of the proximal tibia in the pediatric population with respect to intraosseous needle placement and needle tip position.

Methods

Plain lower leg radiographs of children aged from birth to 16 years of age were analyzed. Pretibial tissue layer, cortical bone thickness, and the diameter of the medullary cavity were measured at two different puncture levels. Data were analyzed as descriptive statistics and by polynomial regression plots and set in context to commonly used EZ‐IO® needle lengths of 15 and 25 mm.

Results

Radiographs from 190 patients (104 boys/86 girls) were included. When fully inserted to skin level, up to 10.5% of needles do not reach medullary cavity at one and 18.5% at two patient's fingerbreadths distal to tibial tuberosity. The opposite cortical wall is touched or penetrated in 16% and 25%, respectively. Up to 96% of too deep needle tip positions occur in children younger than 24 months, as do too superficial tip positions in 59%.

Conclusions

Puncture level and needle length have a great influence on potential needle tip positions. Infants and toddlers are at highest risk for malpositioning. Due to relevant growth‐related differences in tibial anatomy, an age‐related and well‐reflected approach is crucial to successfully establish intraosseous access.
Approaches to safe living and diet after solid organ transplantation
Authors: Albert Jonathan , Hanisch Benjamin , Sgambat Kristen
Published: July 2020

SOT recipients are at high risk for developing severe infectious complications following discharge from the hospital. Comprehensive anticipatory guidance surrounding everyday lifestyle choices can potentially prevent exposure to infectious agents from the environment. This paper reviews the risks that pediatric and adolescent SOT recipients encounter through exposures such as household contacts, outdoor activities, travel, animal exposures, and dietary choices. Although strong evidence is lacking, this paper makes recommendations aimed at minimizing the risk of infectious complications and hospitalization in pediatric SOT recipients.
The Psychological Benefits of Marriage and Children in Rural Malawi
Authors: Clark Shelley , Cotton Cassandra , Margolis Rachel , Kohler Hans‐Peter
Published: July 2020

Despite an extensive literature on the psychological rewards of marriage and children in high‐income countries, research on these relationships in low‐income countries remains limited. This paper draws on data from 4,133 adult women and men interviewed in the Malawi Longitudinal Study of Families and Health to examine how marital status, categorized as never, formerly, monogamously, and polygynously married, and number of children are associated with psychological well‐being. With respect to marital status, we find that women in polygynous unions fare worse than monogamously married women and this detrimental effect is stronger for women than for men. Formerly married men and women of reproductive age experience the worst psychological outcomes, although this association wanes with age. In contrast, the benefits of having children is only evident among older Malawian women. These findings offer novel insights into the patterns of nearly universal marriage and high fertility that characterize Malawi and much of sub‐Saharan Africa.
Examining the role of social physique anxiety on the relationship between physical appearance comparisons and disordered eating symptoms among Spanish emerging adults
Authors: Alcaraz‐Ibáñez, Manuel , Paterna, Adrian , Griffiths Mark D. , Sicilia Álvaro
Published: July 2020

The present study extends previous research by examining the moderating/mediating role of social physique anxiety (SPA) on the relationship between physical appearance comparisons (PAC) and symptoms of disordered eating (DE) in adolescent population. A total of 555 emerging adults (59% women) ranging from 18 to 30 years of age (M = 21.34, SD = 2.80) were recruited from two public universities from Spain using a non‐probabilistic sampling technique. Participants completed a self‐reported questionnaire comprising the variables of research interest. Once the effects of sex (i.e., being men or women), age, body mass index, and depressive symptoms were controlled for, the results from bootstrapping cross‐sectional regression analyses supported both the moderating and mediating effect of SPA on the relationship between PAC and DE. Sex did not moderate any of these relationships. From these findings, it follows that incorporating strategies aimed at decreasing PAC and SPA may contribute to improved prevention efforts aimed at decreasing DE among Spanish emerging adults of both sexes.
Kynurenine 3‐monooxygenase (KMO), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) expression is involved in tumour proliferation and predicts poor survival in canine melanoma
Authors: Liu I‐Li , Chung Ting‐Fang , Huang Wei‐Hsiang , Hsu Chia‐Hui , Liu Cheng‐Chi , Chiu Yi‐Han , Huang Kuo‐Chin , Liao Albert Tai‐Ching , Lin Chen‐Si
Published: July 2020

Canine melanoma is a malignant tumour that exhibits aggressive behaviour, and frequently metastasizes to regional lymph nodes and distant sites. Currently, there are no effective treatments or practical prognostic biomarkers for canine melanoma. The enzyme kynurenine 3‐monooxygenase (KMO), which plays a central role in the tryptophan metabolism, has previously been identified as the main pathogenic factor in neurodegenerative diseases; however, it has recently been found to be positively associated with tumour malignancy in human hepatocellular carcinoma and canine mammary tumours. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a well‐known oncoprotein contributing to the proliferation, survival, invasiveness and metastasis of a variety of cancers. Although whether STAT3 and KMO collaborate in tumorigenesis needs to be further verified, our previous findings showed that inhibition of KMO activity reduced activation of STAT3. This study investigated the expressions of KMO and STAT3/phosphorylated (pSTAT3) by immunohistochemical analysis in 85 cases of canine melanoma, showing their expression levels were high within highly mitotic melanoma cells. KMO Overexpression was significantly associated with increased STAT3 and pSTAT3 expressions. Melanoma tissues with higher KMO, STAT3 and pSTAT3 protein expressions were correlated with reduced survival rates of the canine patients. Moreover, inhibition of KMO activity in canine melanoma cells resulted in reduced cell viability, in addition to decreased expressions of STAT3 and pSTAT3. Our results indicated the significance of KMO and the potential role of KMO/STAT3 interaction in enhancing tumour development. Additionally, KMO and STAT3/pSTAT3 may be viewed as useful biomarkers for the prediction of prognosis of canine melanoma.
Information Sources, Information, and Their Effectiveness in Determining Secondary School Students’ Choices of Further Educational Pathway and Careers
Authors: Hlaďo Petr
Published: July 2020

The present study is an overview of formal and informal sources of information that are currently used by students of upper-secondary technical and vocational schools in deciding on the course of their education and careers, and their availability and effectiveness evaluate on the basis of respondents’ subjective assessment. It also maps information that students consider to be important in career desicion-making. These findings are necessary to make the work of educational consultants, school psychologists and career counsellors more effective. They are also necessary for teachers of career education. For this purpose, a quantitatively oriented empirical survey, designed by the National Institute of Education, School Counselling Centre and Centre for Further Education of Teachers was carried out. Data was collected via paired questionnaires for students in the final year of upper-secondary school and their parents. Data collection was carried out in 2011 at twenty secondary technical schools and vocational schools in four regions of the Czech Republic. The sample consists of 442 students and their parents.
The Subjectively Perceived Quality of Life of Seniors Living in Institutional Conditions
Authors: Zimermanová Monika
Published: July 2020

The presented work considers the quality of life of seniors living in institutional (residential) conditions. It is necessary to think about whether the increasing number of older people and their increasing age are growing proportionately to the quality of their lives. It is important to increase and improve the quality of life of older people, as healthy, wise and happy old people are a reflection of a mature society. In our work, we present the testimony of various old people, which gives us the opportunity of perceiving their subjective views on their quality of life.
The Development of the Communication Skills of Individuals Living in Homes for People with Disabilities
Authors: Kopečný Petr
Published: July 2020

This paper concentrates on the area of special educational support provided to individuals living in homes for people with disabilities in the Czech Republic and presents partial research results illustrating the state of the provision of speech therapy to users of social services facilities falling under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs. The subject of the research is an analysis of support for the development of the communication skills of pupils living in social services facilities. The partial results of the research outline the approaches employed by the managerial staff of the given facilities in implementing special educational procedures, describe forms of speech therapy provision in homes for people with disabilities, and compare the attitudes of teachers and social services staff to the development of communication with the importance attributed to it by speech therapists and demonstrated by the case studies performed.
I Am Great, but Only When I Also Want to Dominate: Maladaptive Narcissism Moderates the Relationship Between Adaptive Narcissism and Performance Under Pressure
Authors: Zhang Shuge , Roberts Ross , Woodman Tim , Cooke Andrew
Published: July 2020

Narcissism–performance research has focused on grandiose narcissism but has not examined the interaction between its so-called adaptive (reflecting overconfidence) and maladaptive (reflecting a domineering orientation) components. In this research, the authors tested interactions between adaptive and maladaptive narcissism using two motor tasks (basketball and golf in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively) and a cognitive task (letter transformation in Experiment 3). Across all experiments, adaptive narcissism predicted performance under pressure only when maladaptive narcissism was high. In the presence of maladaptive narcissism, adaptive narcissism also predicted decreased pre-putt time in Experiment 2 and an adaptive psychophysiological response in Experiment 3, reflecting better processing efficiency. Findings suggest that individuals high in both aspects of narcissism perform better under pressure thanks to superior task processing. In performance contexts, the terms “adaptive” and “maladaptive”—adopted from social psychology—are oversimplistic and inaccurate. The authors believe that “self-inflated narcissism” and “dominant narcissism” are better monikers for these constructs.
Male High School Sport Participation and Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration in Adulthood
Authors: Eitle David , Swinford Steven , Klonsinski Abagail
Published: July 2020

Using data from the Add Health, the authors consider whether male high school sport participation had an association with intimate partner violence perpetration into adulthood, controlling for other known predictors. Results show that sport participation is associated with a reduced risk of perpetrating intimate partner violence in adulthood, which the authors interpret as generally supportive of the deterrence hypothesis, the notion that playing sport promotes prosocial values, increases supervision, and increases bonding to conventional institutions that lower the risk of engaging in violent behavior against women. However, the inclusion of measures representing this hypothesis failed to attenuate the sport participation–intimate partner violence association, raising questions about whether the deterrence hypothesis is the appropriate explanation.
Spatiotemporal Distribution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Alkyl Quinolones under Metabolic and Competitive Stress
Authors: Cao Tianyuan , Sweedler Jonathan V. , Bohn Paul W. , Shrout Joshua D.
Published: July 2020

Alkyl quinolones (AQs), including
Pseudomonas
quinolone signal (PQS), made by the opportunistic pathogen
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
have been associated with both population density and stress. The regulation of AQ production is known to be complex, and the stimuli that modulate AQ responses are not fully clear. Here, we have used hyperspectral Raman chemical imaging to examine the temporal and spatial profiles of AQs exhibited by
P. aeruginosa
under several potentially stressful conditions. We found that metabolic stress, effected by carbon limitation, or competition stress, effected by proximity to other species, resulted in accelerated PQS production. This competition effect did not require cell-to-cell interaction, as evidenced by the fact that the addition of supernatants from either
Escherichia coli
or
Staphylococcus aureus
led to early appearance of PQS. Lastly, the fact that these modulations were observed for PQS but not for all AQs suggests a high level of complexity in AQ regulation that remains to be discerned.
Decolonization of Human Anterior Nares of Staphylococcus aureus with Use of a Glycerol Monolaurate Nonaqueous Gel
Authors: Schlievert Patrick M. , Peterson Marnie L.
Published: July 2020

In this microflora study, we show that a 5% glycerol monolaurate nonaqueous gel is safe for use in the anterior nares. The gel was effective in reducing
Staphylococcus aureus
nasally, a highly significant hospital-associated pathogen. The gel may be a useful alternative or additive to mupirocin ointment for nasal use prior to surgery, noting that 80% of hospital-associated
S. aureus
infections are due to the same organism found in the nose. This gel also kills all enveloped viruses tested and should be considered for studies to reduce infection and transmission of coronaviruses and influenza viruses.
Visualization of Lokiarchaeia and Heimdallarchaeia (Asgardarchaeota) by Fluorescence
In Situ
Hybridization and Catalyzed Reporter Deposition (CARD-FISH)
Authors: Salcher Michaela M. , Andrei Adrian-Ştefan , Bulzu Paul-Adrian , Keresztes Zsolt G. , Banciu Horia L. , Ghai Rohit
Published: July 2020

Asgardarchaeota are considered to be the closest relatives to modern eukaryotes. These enigmatic microbes have been mainly studied using metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). Only very recently, a first member of Lokiarchaeia was isolated and characterized in detail; it featured a striking morphology with long, branching protrusions. In order to visualize additional members of the phylum Asgardarchaeota, we applied a fluorescence
in situ
hybridization technique and epifluorescence microscopy on coastal hypersaline sediment samples, using specifically designed probes for Heimdallarchaeia and Lokiarchaeia lineages. We provide the first visual evidence for Heimdallarchaeia that are characterized by a uniform cellular morphology typified by an apparently centralized DNA localization. Further, we provide new images of a lineage of Lokiarchaeia that is different from the cultured representative and with multiple morphologies, ranging from small ovoid cells to long filaments. This diversity in observed cell shapes is likely owing to the large phylogenetic diversity within Asgardarchaeota, the vast majority of which remain uncultured.
The DIVE/DPV registries: evolution of empagliflozin use in clinical practice in Germany
Authors: Bramlage Peter , Tittel Sascha R , Wagner Christian , König Kerstin , Raddatz Dirk , Weber-Lauffer Rosmarie , Erath Diether , Hilgenberg Jost , Spies Carsten , Danne Thomas , Gabler Maximilian , Foersch Johannes , Ley Ludwin , Seufert Jochen
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Empagliflozin reduced morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in clinical trials. A registry study was undertaken to describe evolution of patient characteristics and assess the real-world effectiveness/safety of empagliflozin.

Research design and methods

Data from the Diabetes Patienten Verlaufsdokumentation (DPV)/Diabetes Versorgungsevaluation (DIVE) registries on 9571 adults with T2DM (registered in 2014–2019) receiving empagliflozin were used. Patients were grouped according to the following: early users (group 1; n=505) received empagliflozin before the EMPA-REG OUTCOME study publication (mid-September 2015); intermediate users (group 2; n=2961) started empagliflozin after the EMPA-REG OUTCOME publication but before the European Medicines Agency label change (from mid-September 2015 to mid-January 2017); and late users (group 3; n=6105) started empagliflozin after mid-January 2017. Data on clinical and treatment characteristics were collected.

Results

Over time, the proportion of recipients aged <65 years decreased (71.1% vs 54.4% among early and late adopters), male patients increased (from 50.9% to 66.5%), body mass index (mean±SD) decreased (from 35.5±6.7 to 32.7±6.6 kg/m2), proportion with cardiovascular morbidities increased (from 20.4% to 26.4%), and mean estimated glomerular filtration rate decreased (from 83.2±19.5 to 78.5±21.1 mL/min/1.73 m2) (all p<0.001). Patients increasingly received empagliflozin in combination with metformin (60.8% vs 68.6% of early and late adopters; p<0.001), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists (11.0 vs 14.1%; p<0.001) or insulin (34.3% vs 49.9%; p<0.001). Empagliflozin was generally added to existing antidiabetic regimens. Six months after empagliflozin initiation, the mean glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) decreased by 0.4%, the proportion of patients with HbA1c <6.5% increased (19.2% vs 12.8%), and the mean fasting plasma glucose decreased (155.8±49.7 vs 168.0±55.1 mg/dL) (all p<0.001). No significant changes in rates of severe hypoglycemia and no cases of diabetic ketoacidosis were seen.

Conclusions

Over time, empagliflozin is being prescribed to a broader patient range in routine practice, is usually added to existing antidiabetic regimens, and is increasingly used in combination with metformin, GLP-1 agonists and/or insulin. Empagliflozin had a beneficial effect on glycemic control, with no increase in hypoglycemia.