bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioenergy Model of Plant Raw Materials and Assessment of Feed Production Technologies
Authors: Kerimov M. A. , Ivanov D. V.
Published: April 2023

It is noted that the eﬀectiveness of the technological processes in agriculture is usually evaluated according to economic, operational and relative criteria. Such an estimate often proves to be inaccurate for solving applied problems. The functioning of the biotechnical system "operator – feed – machine – animal" reveals this discrepancy to the highest extent. The paper confirms the necessity and relevance of a fact-based analysis of energy flows in the biotechnical system, as well as the energy flows interaction with each other and with the external environment. (Research purpose) To substantiate a methodological approach to assessing the fodder production eﬃciency based on a bioenergetic analysis of fodder production technologies. (Materials and methods) The research involves the comparative analysis of exchange energy accumulation by plants before harvesting and the parameters of its reduction in the plant raw materials, taking into account technological impacts. (Results and discussion) It is obtained that a one-megajoule input of mechanical energy in the cultivation of cereal-grass forage mixtures provides 121 megajoules of exchange energy. The exchange energy content in the cereal-grass forage mixture is calculated to be 44,850 megajoules per hectare (1950 megajoules per ton) while the specific mechanical energy consumption amounts to 370.6 megajoules per hectare (16.1 megajoules per ton) for the feed mixture cultivation. (Conclusions) It is established that the dynamics of energy accumulation during the vegetable raw material cultivation and the character of a decrease in its energy content during fodder preparation and storage have a sustainable common trend. The growth trend of energy accumulation is proved to have a linear character for both various types of fodder crops and the decrease in the feed energy content. Eﬃciency assessment criteria are proposed for the mechanical energy consumption during fodder crop cultivation, plant material processing and feed storage. A mathematical model is developed making it possible to study implicit variables in a complex system of accumulation and entropy of feed exchange energy, take optimal engineering decisions to justify and improve the technologies for feed cultivation, harvesting and preparation, as well as its eﬀective use.
COVID-19 Context in PISA-Like Mathematics Problems
Authors: Mariani Yurika , Putri Ratu Ilma Indra , Hapizah Hapizah , Betty Milhana
Published: April 2023

This development research aims to produce PISA-like mathematics problems with quantity content using a valid and practical COVID-19 context and to investigate the potential effect of these problems on mathematical literacy skills. This research employed a development research design with two stages: preliminary and formative evaluations. This study also employed the Lesson Study Learning Community (LSLC) system in the process of development and implementation. This study involved eighth-grade students aged 13-15 years at SMP Negeri 19 Palembang. The data were collected using walk-through, document, observation, interview, and test techniques. This study produced 6 units and 12 items of PISA-like mathematics problems with several content characteristics of the COVID-19 context, including working, personal, and social contexts and levels that agree with the 2018 PISA framework; and competence processes, such as mathematical literacy skills and standardized linguistic skills that can be applied and interpreted by students. To conclude, the developed PISA-like mathematics problems are valid and practical and potentially affect mathematical literacy skills and learning to confront life skills during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Development of PISA-Type Questions and Activities in a Smartphone Context
Authors: Mouli Mutia Febri , Zulkardi Zulkardi , Putri Ratu Ilma Indra
Published: April 2023

Sometimes our smartphone's internal storage is complete, and we must download an application that is very necessary at that time; this is where numeracy plays a role in solving this problem, namely the way we download the desired application with a complete smartphone's internal storage. This study aims to produce valid and practical PISA-type questions and activities using a smartphone context and potentially effective on students' numeracy skills. This design research-type development study comprised a preliminary and formative evaluation phase consisting of the design stage, self-evaluation stage, expert review stage, one-to-one stage, and small group stage. This research used question grids, question cards, assessment rubrics, lesson plans, PISA-type questions, and student activity sheets as its tools. This study was initiated owing to the insufficient numeracy skills of Indonesian students. This study focuses on seventh-grade students at secondary school number 59 Palembang, Indonesia. The qualitative findings of this research are based on field data collected through walkthroughs, observations, tests, interviews, and document reviews. This research yielded PISA-type questions and activities, namely four activity questions and six evaluation questions with smartphone context that seventh graders may utilize to develop their numeracy abilities. In conclusion, PISA-type questions and activities in the context of smartphones can be used in classroom learning to strengthen students' numeracy skills.
What Do Indonesian and Dutch Teachers Find Challenging When Implementing Realistic Mathematics Education?
Authors: Pramudiani Puri , Herman Tatang , Turmudi Turmudi , Dolk Maarten , Terlouw Belinda
Published: April 2023

At the end of the sixties of last century, the development of Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) started in the Netherlands. At the beginning of this century, the Indonesian adaptation of RME, Pendidikan Matematika Realistik Indonesia (PMRI), started. The implementation of RME / PMRI has proven to be challenging. In this research, a qualitative case study was used to investigate teachers’ perceptions and experiences in implementing RME/PMRI in their classes. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with several Dutch and Indonesian teachers who have joined the RME/PMRI training. We found similarities and differences between the two groups of teachers. Both groups of teachers understand the use of context as a starting point for students to construct mathematical understanding. The Dutch teachers considered the construction of interesting mathematical problems and the use of the guided-reinvention principle as the difficulties but motivated them to do more practice. Indonesian teachers mentioned that for them, the integration of mathematics with other subject areas for integrated thematic learning in the 2013 curriculum was their constraint but it was also a challenge for them to be more creative. These perspectives can become a reference for the development of a localized implementation of learning trajectory in classroom practices.
Kerr nonlinear couples
Authors: G Ariunbold , J Perina
Published: April 2023

Directional nonlinear couplers composed of two Kerr nonlinear waveguides are studied. Quantum consistent solutions of the equations of motion are obtained showing the collapses and revivals of the field mode amplitudes. The approximate method is also adopted for the contradirectional geometry and the switching accompanied by collapses of the modes is revealed. Kerr couplers with varying linear coefficients arc examined and possible controls of the switching of modes, for instance, digital switching and fast switching are demonstrated. The two-mode squeezing of vacuum fluctuations and the generation of pure states are shown.
Determination of Rare Earths and Other Trace Elements in Ore Samples of Mongolia by WDXRF and INAA
Authors: N Baljinnyam , B Davaasuren , N Norov , M.V Frontasayeva , S.S Pavlov
Published: April 2023

Wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) and Instrumental Neutron Activation Analyses (INAA) were used to determine the REE and other trace elements in rare earth ore samples from province Dornogovi, Lugiin gol. Seven rare-earth elements (REE) namely La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, and Yb, as well as other trace elements (Zn, As, Rb, Sr, Au, Ba, Br, Ta, Hf, Th and U) have been determined by WDXRF at Central Geological Laboratory of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar. For comparison, the same elements were determined by INAA using by epithermal neutron activation analyses at the IBR-2 reactor, FLNP JINR, Dubna. It is demonstrated that the WDXRF have satisfactorily agreed with INAA results within the limits of the uncertainty. It is shown that the values of the relative discrepancies between the WDXRF and the INAA results are in the range of 1.5-30.0 %.
Атомыг Хүчтэй Лазерын Пульсээр Иончлох Магадлалыг Дискрет Хувьсагчийн Аргаар Тооцоолох
Authors: Ч Алдармаа , Л Хэнмэдэх , Г Зоригт , О Лхагва
Published: April 2023

Энэхүү ажилд нанометр урттай лазерын богино пульс, атомын харилцан үйлчлэлийг судлаж хугацаанаас хамаарсан Шредингерийн тэгшитгэлээр илэрхийлж, Кулоны дискрет хувьсагчийн аргаар шийдсэн. Үндсэн төлөвт байгаа устөрөгчийн атом хүчтэй лазерын пульсийн үйлчлэлээр иончлох магадлалын хугацааны хамааралыг тооцоолж, дүн шинжилгээ хийлээ. Иончлолын магадлал нь пульсийн урт болон лазерын эрчмээс хамаарах бөгөөд лазерын эрчим өсөхөд магадлал ихсэж, эхний төлөвт үлдэх магадлал багасаж байгаа нь ажиглагдсан.
AL31, DM31 болон ER31 Станцуудын Доорх Царцдас Мандлын Тогтцын Судалгаа
Authors: Ц Баасанбат
Published: April 2023

AL31, DM31 ба ER31 өргөн зурвасын станцуудын доорх царцдас болон дээд цаваг мандлын сейсмик хурдны тогтцыг хүлээн авагчийн функцийн аргаар судлав. Станц тус бүрд бүртгэгдсэн 400-аад холын газар хөдлөлтийн долгионыг ашиглан хүлээн авагчийн функцүүдыг тодорхойлов. Дундаж хүлээн авагчийн функцүүдийг генетик алгоритм хэрэглэн инверси хийж станц тус бүрийн доорх S-хөндлөн долгионы нэг хэмжээст хурдны тогтцыг гарган авав. Судалгааны үр дүнд эдгээр станцуудын доорх царцдас мандлын зузааныг 53.6 км, 35.7 км ба 39.3 км гэж тогтоов. Эдгээр царцдас мандлын зузааны ялгаа нь изостатик тэнцлийн хуулиар тайлбарлагдаж болно. Сейсмик хурдны тогтцод хурдны бага үе ажиглагдаагүй.
Монгол Орны Газрын Доорхи Усны Нөөцөд Усжсан Хагарлын Эзлэх Байр Суурь
Authors: Т Улаанбаатар , M Лэгдэн
Published: April 2023

The underground water resource can play important role in social, economic life in Mongolia suffering from extreme drought induced climate change. For instance, in order to predict of water resources in tectonic and shallow lithosphere rifts we are ecessary to invent new geophysical methods and instruments. Some results of a scientific and technological project, entitled “Assessment of surface and underground water resources in Mongolia using remote sensing, GIS and hydrogeophysical methods” supported by Ministry of Environment and Green Development of Mongolia are presented in this paper.
Гачуурт Орчмын Нуга ба Хээрийн Зарим Ургамлын Хлорофиллийн Флуоресценцийн Үзүүлэлтүүд
Authors: Ш Оюунгэрэл , Б Бурмаа , Т Гун-Аажав
Published: April 2023

Бид нуга ба хээрийн ургамлуудын фотосинтезийн идэвх болон физиологийн үйл ажиллагааг хэр зэрэг ялгаатай байдгийг харьцуулах зорилгоор энэхүү судалгааг Fluropen-FP100 багажийг ашиглан 2015 оны 6-р сард Гачуурт орчимд хийсэн. Оптималь квант гарц нугын ургамлуудад 0,75-0,76 байхад хээрийн ургамалуудад 0,72-0,73, флуоресценцийн багасалтын харьцаа нугын ургамлуудад 3,40-3,43 байхад хээрийн ургамлуудад 2,95-3,35 байна.
Газрын тосны орд орчмын ус, хөрсний цацраг идэвхийн судалгаа
Authors: М Эрдэнэтуяа , М Энхбаатар , Н Норов , Л Эрдэнэсайхан
Published: April 2023

Газрын тос олборлох, боловсруулах, тээвэрлэх үйл ажиллагаа явуулах үед газар доорх ус, газрын тосонд агуулагдах байгалийн цацраг идэвхт изотопууд гадаад орчинд хаягдаж зарим тохиолдолд байгалийн цацрагийн дэвсгэр түвшнээс их болж үйлдвэрийн ажилчид болон гадаад орчинд цацрагийн шаралтын нэмэлт тун өгөх нөхцөл бүрддэг байна. Иймээс Газрын тос олборлох үйлдвэрийн орчимд байгалийн цацрагийн дэвсгэр түвшинг тогтоох зорилгоор Тамсагийн сав газрын Тосон-уулын орд, Дорноговийн сав газрын Зүүнбаянгийн орд орчмын хөрс, усны цацраг идэвхийг судалсан үр дүнг авч үзсэн болно
Монгол орны ундны усны ураны судалгаа Х.Цоохүү1,, О.Болормаа2, Н.Тэгшбаяр
Authors: Х Цоохүү , О Болормаа , Н Тэгшбаяр
Published: April 2023

Монгол улсын 21 аймаг, УБ хот, 298 сумын төвийн худгийн усны 1000 орчим дээжинд цацраг идэвхит элемент ураны агуулгыг тодорхойлов. Эдгээр дээжин дэх ураны дундаж агуулга нь 14мкг/мл бөгөөд зарим аймгийн төв, сумдын ундны ус Дэлхийн эрүүл мэндийн зөвшөөрөгдөх утгаас олон дахин их ураны агуулгатай байгааг тогтоосон. Ураны мэдэгдэхүйц их агуулгатай худгуудын газарзүйн байршил нь Монгол орны уран агуулсан их муж, сав газар, потенциал дүүргүүд болонрадиогеохимийн үндсэн бүсүүдтэй сайн тохирч байгааг харуулж усан дахь ураны хамгийн их агуулгын тархалтаар газарзүйн тойм зураглал үйлдсэн. Ураны агуулгатай худгуудын байршил нь хил залгаа хэд хэдэн сумдын нутаг дэвсгэрийг хамрах газарзүйн кластерууд үүсгэж байгааг үзүүлсэн.
Лити төмрийн фосфат (LiFePO4) –ын поликристалл дээж гарган авах
Authors: Т Очирхуяг , Ж Отгонтуул , Г Сэвжидсүрэн , Н Төвжаргал , П Алтанцог
Published: April 2023

Бид энэхүү судалгааны ажлаар лити-ион батарейн катодын материал болох LiFePO4-г хатуу төлөвийн урвалын аргаар гарган авч, кристаллжуулах дулааны боловсруулалтын оптимал горимыг тогтоох ажлыг хийж гүйцэтгэлээ. Судалгааны үр дүнд LiFePO4 –н аморф дээжийг 0.1мПа вакуум орчин бүхий OTF-1200x шатаах зууханд 100оС/30мин хурдтайгаар халааж 1000оС температурт 1 цаг шатааж, аажим хөргөх замаар кристаллжуулах нь хамгийн тохиромжтой горим болохыг үзүүлэв.PACS numbers: 82.47.Aa, 61.05.cp, 61.43.G
Дулаан боловсруултанд оруулсан германий монокристаллын эвдэрлийн энтропийг тодорхойлох
Authors: Г Шилагарди , Э.М Шпилевский , П Түвшинтѳр , Т Отгончимэг , Д Улам-Оргих
Published: April 2023

Германий монокристаллыг ѳндѳр температурт халаагаад буй болсон эвдрэл эдгэж амжихгүйгээр маш хурдтайгаар хатаасан. Ингэж хатаахад үүссэн эвдрэл тэр чигээрээ хадгалагдах ба системийн энтропи халаах температур, хатаалт явуулах хурд ихсэхэд улам ихэснэ. Термоакцепторын концентрац германий монокристаллын хольцын атомын концентрацаас асар их байсан тул дээж p- дамжицтай болжээ.
Failure rate calculation method for high power devices in space applications at low earth orbit
Authors: D Erdenebaatar , H Shohei , Sh Yuji , S Masaki , O Ichiro
Published: April 2023

In this paper we propose that calculation method to evaluate failure rate of high power semiconductor device against proton flux environment of low earth orbit. Advantage of this method is to expand to evaluate failure rate of any devices under various radiation environment. Possible suggestion to improve high power device reliability was discussed.
Борооноос радиодолгионд учрах сулралыг бодох нэгэн арга
Authors: Ж Нямжав , Э Дамдинсүрэн
Published: April 2023

Борооноос радиодолгионд учрах сулралыг бодох нэгэн арга
Устөрөгчжүүлсэн аморф цахиурыг уугих цахилалтанд гарган авах төхөөрөмж
Authors: П Алтанцог , В Паул , М Альберт , Ж Даваасамбуу , Ш Чадраабал , Б Бумаа , К Шаде , Д Батсуурь
Published: April 2023

В Монгольском государственном университете при содействии технического университета Дрездена создана лабораторная установка для получения гидрогенизированного аморфного кремния метолом разложения с ила на в тлеющем разреде. Установка состоит из вакуумной распылительной установки НВА-1, высокочастотного генератора IG-017 вакуумной системы и газораспеределительной части. Имеется возможность напыления металлических контактов в той же камере сразу после осаждения a=Si:H плёнок. Установка соответствует всем требованиям техники безопасности.
ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ СОДЕРЖАНИЯ УРАНА И ТОРИЯ В ОБРАЗЦАХ ПУТЕМ ДВОЙНОГО ОБЛУЧЕНИЯ ГАММА-КВАНТАМИ
Authors: Л Энхжин , В.П Перелыгин
Published: April 2023

Описаи новый метод одновременного определения содержания урана и тория в образцах путем двухкратного облучения гамма-квантами. Измерено отношение выходов реакций деления урана и тория для "бесконечно толстых" слоев в области энергий гамма-квантов от 7 до 23МэВ-металлические пластинки урана и тория в контакте лавсановыми детекторами облучалисв на микротроне МТ-25. Метод основан на том, что отношение Nu/NTh различается весьм существенно в зависимости от энергий гамма-квантов-от 1.7 до 3.0. Облучив образцы и эталон гамма-квантами с энергией (20-23) МэВ и (15-17) МэВ, можно определить содержание как тория, так и урана. Представлено сравнение результатов измерений содержания урана и тория с помощью предложенного и другого методов.
Агаарын тунадас дахь элементийн агуулгыг тодорхойлсон дүн
Authors: Ш Гэрбиш , Б Далхсүрэн , Д Чадраабал , Н Гансүх
Published: April 2023

Хүрээлэн байгаа орчинд хүний үйл ажиллагаанаас болж сөрөг үр дагавар үүссэн нь орчныг хамгаалах хэрэгт шинжлэх ухааны үндэслэлтэй шийдвэрлэвэл зохих асуудал давшигдэн гарч байна. Хот байгуулалт, эрчим хүч, үйлдвэр, зам, тээврийн маш эрчимтэй хөгжлөөс үндслэн энэ зууны II хагасаас эхлэн агаар мандал ихээр бохирдоэ байна.  Хот суурин газрын агаар нь түлшний шаталт, авто машины утаа тортог, хөрс ургамлын эвдрэл, барилга байгууламжийн шороо тоосноос болж бохирдож байна.
Сарнилын пикийг ашигласан тулгуур параметрын арга
Authors: Н Гансүх , П Зузаан , Б Далхсүрэн
Published: April 2023

Instead of using the complete set of fundamental parameters for solving matrix effects in quantitative energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence analysis, some of them, such as excitation and detection efficiency and dependence of Compton and Reylaeigh scattered intensities on sample composition, were determined from a set of standards such as chemical compounds and pure elements. In this way all fundamental parameters except mass absorbtion coefficients were removed from the calculation procedure, which results in a much simpler formalism. the computer program based on this principle and described in this paper is relatively simple and, can run even on small computers, while the overall error can be kept in the range of few percent.
Цэцэрлэг хотын районд их бороо прогнозлох дискриминант арга
Authors: Д Чогсом
Published: April 2023

УААА-н салбаруудын бүтэц өөрчлөгдөж, аж ахуйн байгууллагууд эдийн засгийн бие даасан үйл ажиллагаа явуулахын хирээр ус цаг уурын төрөл бүрийн мэдээ ялангуяа агаарын аюултай үзэгдэл, элементүүдийг орон зай цаг хугацаагаар нарийвчилсан прогнозын эрэлт хэрэгцээ улам өссөөр байна.
Уулын баяжуулах Эрдэнэт үйлдвэрийн технологийн процессийг хянадаг рентген спектр анализын аргыг боловсронгуй болгох асуудалд
Authors: П Зузаан , Н Гансүх , С Даваа , З Дамдинсүрэн , Б Батжаргал , Л Дэлгэрбат , Т Ринчинжүгдэр
Published: April 2023

Уулын баяжуулах Эрдэнэт үйлдвэрийн технологийн процессийг хянадаг РСА-ын аргыг шинэчлэн сайжруулсан.
Хурдан нейтроны үйлчлэлээр цэнэгт бөөмөөс гарах урвалын огтлол
Authors: Г Хүүхэнхүү
Published: April 2023

Хагас шууд урвалын механизмд үндэслэсэн экситоны загварыг ашиглан хурдан нейтроны үйлчлэлээр цэнэгт бөөм цөмөөс гарах урвалын огтлолын томъёог гаргав. Уг томъёог ашиглан урвалын огтлолын туршлагын утгуудад систематик анализ хийх боломжтойг харуулав.
neutron diffraction studies of magnetic phase transition in mixed (Mn(1-x) Fe(x) WO(4))
Authors: L Nyam-Ochir , D Sangaa , N Stuesser
Published: April 2023

Энэ ажилд Вольфрамитын кристалл болон соронзон бүтцийг рентген туяа, дулааны нейтроны сарнилын тусламжтайгаар судлав. Мөн (Mn1-xFex)W04-ийн бага температурт үүсэх соронзон фазын шилжилтийг ажиглаж, соронзон бүтцийг илэрхийлэх параметрүүдийг х=0; 6 утгуудад фаз бурт тодорхойлон харьцуулав.
(n,p) Урвалын огтлолын систематик анализ
Authors: Б Баярбадрах , Г Хүүхэнхүү
Published: April 2023

Цөмийн урвалын статистик загварыг ашиглан гаргасан хурдан нейтроноор явагдах (n,р) урвалын огтлолын томъёог нейтроны энергийн өргөн мужид (Еn=6-16 МэВ) урвалын огтлолын туршлагын утгуудын систематик анализад ашиглах боломжтойг харуулав.
The possibilities of an interactive multifunctional cloud portfolio for the individualization of education in primary school
Authors: Masharova Tatyana V. , Kobeleva Galina A. , Skurikhina Julia A.
Published: April 2023

Problem statement . One of the priorities of the modern school is informatization and individualization of education. The implementation of these tasks can be facilitated by an electronic portfolio as a means for evaluating the individual educational results of students, optimizing work with information, and supporting the design of a non-linear structure for presenting materials in different formats. The research is aimed at studying the possibilities of an interactive multifunctional cloud portfolio for the individualization of education in a primary school. Methodology . Theoretical and methodological analysis and generalization of legal acts, literature on the application of information and communication technologies in education, processing of test results and electronic content of the portfolio are applied. Experimental work was carried out on the basis of Gymnasium No. 1 in Kirovo-Chepetsk. The experiment involved 52 students from grades 5-10 (girls - 52%, boys - 48%). Pearson’s chi-squared test for statistical data processing was used. Results . A model of an interactive multifunctional cloud portfolio has been developed for the individualization of education in a primary school. This model determines the structure of an interactive multifunctional cloud portfolio, including the sections “My individual educational route” (personal development of the student), “My lessons” (class activities), “My studios” (extracurricular activities), “My affairs” (educational work). The Google Classroom service was used to implement the model. Statistically significant differences in qualitative changes in the pedagogical system were revealed. Conclusion . The possibilities of an interactive multifunctional cloud portfolio for the individualization of education in a primary school are summarized: changing the nature of interaction between participants in educational relations; formation of universal educational activities, communication skills; personal development of students, etc.
Informatization and digitalization of teacher education: problems and prospects of development
Authors: Kitikar Oksana V.
Published: April 2023

Problem statement . Modern teacher education is designed to meet the needs of the state and the requests of society related to the global information and digital transformation. This strengthens the tendency to modernize the system of teacher training at the state, regional, local and subject levels. Based on the analysis of the concepts of “digitalization”, “informatization”, “pedagogical education”, “pedagogical activity”, the filling of the parameters of digital education, depending on its functions to ensure the quality of pedagogical education at all levels is determined. The interconnection and interdependence of the components of the digital educational environment and the structural and functional constructs of teacher education are considered. Methodology. The definition of problems and prospects for the development of informatization and digitalization of teacher education is based on a terminological and content-functional analysis of the concepts of digitalization and informatization of education, the digital educational environment. A structural and functional analysis of the positive domestic experience in the formation of information and digital educational environments in the universities of the Russia was carried out. The criteria for the directions of development of informatization and digitalization of teacher education was specified, based on the requirements of the state reflected in regulatory documents, the requests of regions, determined on the basis of an analysis of strategies for their development, modernization of the structure, content and requirements for training at the institutional level. Results. The theoretical aspects of the conjugation of the terms of informatization and digitalization, influencing the modernization of the sphere of teacher training, have been identified and substantiated. The problems of the system of teacher education are considered, which indicate the need for its reform on the basis of intensification of information and digital transformation of this sphere. Conclusion. The requirements and directions of modernization of teacher education in the conditions of digital transformation, which are associated with a change in approaches to the training of teachers, to the need for integrative consideration of the functions of pedagogical activity and the digital educational environment are defined.
Book review: Chalwe Snr, M. (2021). China - West Battleground in Africa: Debt Ridden Zambia: Why U.S. May Lose Geo-Economic Competition to China. Amazon Digital Services LLC - KDP Print US, 310 р.
Authors: Medushevsky Nikolay A.
Published: April 2023

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Modeling the Country’s Participation in Armed Conflict Resolution: Case of Germany’s Activity in Mali
Authors: Trunov Philipp O.
Published: April 2023

In the early 2020s, the challenges of maintaining a Western presence in the zones of armed conflicts in Asia and Africa increased dramatically. This was most evident in Afghanistan, while notable difficulties were also observed in the Sahara-Sahel region. In trying to understand the reasons for this, the author turned to the situation in Mali, trying to correlate the Germany’s actions in Mali with the author’s theoretical-practical scheme of participation of an outside actor in the resolution of an armed conflict. Reaching the position of a full-fledged global actor, Germany is especially interested in creating a strategic presence in the instability zones and is sensitive to its loss. At the first stage of the resolution, the key tasks are the bracketing of radical forces, especially terrorist groups, and the reconciliation of the moderate ones, which are interested in preserving the institution of the state as such. The second stage is the time for full-scale international peacekeeping. The third stage is the nationalization of the resolution, i.e. the transfer of control over the process to the authorities and security forces in the country of conflict’s origin. The study explores the forms, scale, and geographical features of Germany’s use of military tools and diplomatic capabilities in the first two stages of the 2013-2019 resolution. The main “bottlenecks” of the approach are identified, including the persistent delay in applying sufficient efforts and the determinism of this trend. For 2020-2021, two contradictory paths are shown against the background of a new wave of activation of terrorist groups in the south of Mali: an accelerated transition to nationalization with a possible withdrawal of German and French support, and a postponement of the third stage, linked to the preparations for the continued presence of Western countries in Mali.
Regional Security Complex and Threat Dynamics of the Sahelian States
Authors: Idahosa Stephen O. , Savicheva Elena M. , Ikhidero Solomon I. , Adebayo Kafilat M.
Published: April 2023

The geographic area of the Sahel is of particular interest when examining regional security issues that have negatively affected political, economic and social interaction on the African continent for decades. The region has seen a massive upsurge in lethal violence, and militant groups continue to expand their activities southward, now threatening coastal West Africa. The paper examines the links between the growing dynamics of the Sahel and the security of Liptako-Gourma, composed of groups of contiguous states rooted in historical and geographical environments. The paper empirically applies the Barry Buzan and Ole Wæver’s “Regional Security Complex Theory” (RSCT) as a framework for studying the discourse of security threats and the dynamics of security challenges in the region. The application of RSCT theory makes a significant contribution to understanding these regional security issues in the Liptako-Gourma region. The complex links between threats demonstrate the likely impossibility of addressing these threats in isolation, and the need for a broader approach. The study interprets the current relationship between France and Mali in relation to Mali’s withdrawal from the G5 Sahel Force as hostile. The authors argue that the regional nature of the security threats strongly supports the claim that geographic proximity is a major contributor to security interactions. The paper also reveals that the individual security of each state cannot be separated from that of its neighbors. Therefore, it is suggested that mutual interests could contribute to a stronger regional security initiative that integrates the fight against a common threat such as terrorism.
The Problem of the “Shiʻa Crescent” in the Middle East: A Quantitative Analysis
Authors: Chikrizova Olga S. , Ivkina Natalia V.
Published: April 2023

The relevance of this research is due to the unabated interest of the international community in the struggle for regional leadership between Iran and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), which has unfolded in the Middle East for a number of years. The growing concerns of the KSA and its geopolitical allies, the United States and the small Arabian monarchies, related to the increasing influence of Iran on the military-political situation in Syria and Iraq, have raised in international discourse the question of the reality or impossibility of creating the so-called “Shiʻa crescent” under the auspices of Tehran. The idea is to unite the states of the Middle East, in which Shiʻa Muslims constitute the vast majority or a significant minority of the population, which would ensure Iran’s decisive victory in the race for dominance in the region. However, until now, the question of a quantitative assessment of the real resources of the states included in the “Shiʻa crescent” has so far remained out of researchers’ sight. In this regard, the aim of this article is to prove the absence of economic and military-political prerequisites for the formation of the “Shiʻa crescent” by using the method of quantitative indicators from databases, rankings and indices and a network analysis of conventional arms supplies within the “Sunni” and “Shiʻa” blocs. The databases of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), Doing Business, Human Capital, Global Firepower, Global Terrorism, and Global Peace rankings, as well as World Bank statistical reports served as an empirical basis for the research. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was constructive realism, which takes into account both quantitative indicators and the ideological and value attitudes of the state in the analysis of international relations. The study showed that the “Shiʻa crescent” is a purely propaganda construct, and cannot become a real interstate association.
Detection of Different Windows PE Malware Using Machine Learning Methods
Authors: KOÇAK Aynur , SÖĞÜT Esra , ALKAN Mustafa , ERDEM O. Ayhan
Published: April 2023

The types and application areas of cyber attacks are increasing and diversifying. Accordingly, the effects of attacks are constantly increasing or changing every moment. Among the attacks, malware attacks also have diversified and gained a wide place in the cyber world. With the use of different techniques and methods, there are problems in detecting and preventing malware attacks. These problems cause the systems' cyber security not to be fully ensured. Due to these situations, different malware attacks are discussed in the study, and the effects of attacks on Windows security are examined. A test-bed called AyEs has been prepared. Different attacks have been carried out, such as screenshots, vnc, aimed at hijacking or corrupting the victim system. The AyEs dataset was created by listening to the system network packets obtained due to the attacks. The dataset was preprocessed and made suitable for analysis. Machine learning methods such as Naive Bayes, J48, BayesNet, IBk, AdaBoost and LogitBoost were used on the dataset to detect malware attacks. J48 and IBk methods, which were found to provide high performance as a result of the analyzes, were suggested in the study. In this way, detection systems suitable for possible attack situations against Windows systems will be implemented easily and effectively. In addition to attack detection, an active role will be assumed in determining the type of attack.
PENGEMBANGANLKPD MENULIS TEKS CERPEN BERBASIS INKUIRI UNTUK SISWA SMP KELAS IX
Authors:   Universitas Lampung, Chandra Fahreza
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this study was to produce an Inquiry-based Student Activity Sheet (LKPD) on the subject matter of writing short text and testing its feasibility in learning to write short text on junior high school students. The research method used in this research is research and development (Research and Development). Data collection techniques through interviews and questionnaires in three schools, namely SMPN 1 Bengkunat, SMPN 2 Bengkunat, and SMPN 3 Bengkunat. The results showed that 1) successfully developed teaching materials in the form of LKPD based on inquiry in writing short text, 2) the overall feasibility of LKPD was declared "very good" by material experts, media experts, and practitioners with presentation assessments 83, 88, and 88, 3) LKPD also received a "very decent" assessment from teachers and students in three schools.
Penerapan Model Project Based Learning Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Peserta Didik Materi Pemuaian
Authors: Ningsih Siti Khotiyah , Oktavianty Erwina , Sitompul Stepanus Sahala , Silitonga Haratua Tiur Maria , Hidayatullah Muhammad Musa Syarif
Published: April 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui efektivitas model project based learning untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif peserta didik pada materi pemuaian di SMP Islam Hidayatul Mubtadi’ien. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu penelitian eksperimen dalam bentuk quasi experimental design dan dengan rancangan penelitian pre-test-post-test control group design. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan yaitu pre-test dan post-test dan disertai dengan angket respon. Data yang didapatkan selanjutnya diolah menggunakan uji statistik yaitu uji normalitas dan uji U Mann Whitney. Setelah diberikan treatment, skor rata-rata post-test kelas eksperimen mendapatkan skor yang lebih tinggi daripada skor rata-rata kelas kontrol, namun keduanya sama dalam kategori sedang. Hasil analisis skor post-test kemampuan berpikir kreatif didapatkan nilai Zhitung sebesar 1,70, sedangkan nilai Ztabel sebesar 1,96. Oleh karena Zhitung < Ztabel maka H0 diterima dan Ha ditolak. Hal tersebut berarti tidak terdapat perbedaan kemampuan berpikir kreatif yang signifikan antara kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Smartphone Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas Pada Pelajaran Fisika
Authors: Ferliza Rosi , Hamid Abdul , Mahzum Elmi
Published: April 2023

The use of smartphones as learning media is a new method that can be used by teachers in the learning process. This study aims to determine the effect of using smartphones as learning media on student learning outcomes in physics lessons at SMAN 3 Seunagan. This type of research is a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest-only control group design. The population in this study were all students of class XI-IPA which amounted to 2 classes. The sample in this study was taken using a total sampling technique, namely the number of samples equal to the total population of 40 students. Data collection techniques used are test and questionnaire techniques. The results obtained are based on data analysis that has been carried out using two-party t-test, then the value of the t-test > t table is 26.08 > 1,684. So that according to the hypothesis, that is, if the value of t arithmetic > t table, then the area H0 is rejected and the area H1 is accepted, and it can be concluded that there is an effect of using smartphones as learning media on student learning outcomes in physics lessons at SMA Negeri 3 Seunagan. The use of smartphones as learning media also received a good response from students.Keywords:  Smartphones, Learning Outcomes, Physics Lessons.
Shopping Behavior and Access to Food in the Areas of Slovakia with Dispersed Settlements: A Case Study
Authors: Trembošová Miroslava , Jakab Imrich , Forgáč Pavel
Published: April 2023

The aim of the research was a spatial and functional analysis of the accessibility of retail food environments in relation to the inhabitants of dispersed settlements who are socially and geographically disadvantaged in purchasing g food. The consumer behavior and food shopping habits of the inhabitants of these areas largely depend on the spatial and functional characteristics of the dispersed settlement and the surrounding area. In terms of food consumption, an important determinant is the availability of convenience stores, defined by the economic and physical ability to access food sources. The ability to access stores is strongly influenced by transport options and transport infrastructure. The investigated area belongs to a group of specific areas with dispersed settlements. This type of settlement, typical in the mountains of Slovakia and on the border with the Czech Republic, can also be found around the town of Nová Baňa, located in the west of central Slovakia. This area consists of two towns and 12 municipalities and is referred to as the “Novobanská štálová oblasť ”. These specific territories are characterized by a lack of access to fresh and affordable food, which can contribute to social disparities in diet and endanger people's health with various serious diseases. Spatial identification of areas with difficult access to food stores in the Novobanská štálová area has been a pioneering attempt to visualize areas with the highest demand for improvement in food access, and this process may be helpful in identifying other areas with similar characteristics. The methods utilized represent an accessible, transparent and reproducible process for assessing the accessibility of grocery stores. These methods can be used for cost-effective, periodic surveillance and meaningful engagement with communities, retailers and policy makers. The conclusions and results of our research should positively contribute to the growing debate on the inequality of living conditions and marginalization of rural municipalities.
The Globalization of Cashless Transactions Using Blockchain Technology to Preventing Money Laundering and The Changing Trends in The Cryptocurrency Market: A Learning Experience of Polish and EU Laws
Authors: Thommandru Abhishek , Chakka Benarji
Published: April 2023

Summary

The COVID-19 pandemic experience has driven us to rely on technology so much on the development and expansion of technology, including cashless transactions. Criminal groups may become more interested in electronic payments and virtual currencies because of increased traffic in these areas. When comparing the second half of the 2019 to the first half of the 2020, the number of fraudulent card transactions increased by 11.4%. New developments in virtual currency trading regulations, including the digital finance package, which includes, among other things, a draught regulation from the European Parliament and an amended act to combat money laundering and terrorist financing, among others. For the reasons stated above, these regulations may lead to a virtual currency market collapse and the withdrawal of investors and the siphoning of money into Asian markets as a result. The current regulations are a manifestation of total regulation and do not encourage technological advancement.
European State Aid During COVID-19
Authors: Jafarli Turan
Published: April 2023

Summary

During the COVID-19 unexpected pandemic crisis, to minimalize socio-economic damages within the Member States, the European Commission has taken several steps to increase the flexibility of the support framework and include more diversified forms of aid and extended time-frames for granting them. Implementing urgent measures, in particular for the sectors that are mostly affected by the economic shock and unpredicted limitations pushed them to increase their resilience to be more stable for emergencies. In order to ensure the EU internal market is not fragmented and the level of playing field stays intact, as well as to avoid harmful subsidy races to the detriment of cohesion within the Union, the use of State Aid proved its necessity in various diversified forms of aid. The article discusses State Aid in the context of the global pandemic and tries to find out raised questions.
A Comparison of Cadastre in Slovakia and Poland
Authors: Jurkiewicz Magdalena , Hudecová Ľubica , Kyseľ Peter , Klapa Przemysław , Mika Monika , Ślusarski Marek
Published: April 2023

Many analogies can be drawn from the cadastre in Poland and Slovakia, because of the partly shared history of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, World Wars I and II, and the influence of the Communist regime. However, its development over the years has taken different forms and rules of operation in both countries. Currently, from a European perspective, there are efforts to standardise cadastral systems to expand their functionality for land administration and to accommodate social needs.

The aim of this article is to discuss and provide a detailed comparative analysis of the general principles of the cadastre in Slovakia and Poland. The study shows similarities but also many differences between the systems in both countries, which indicates that it could be a difficult path to unify the cadastral systems within the European Union. A comparison of the solutions used in other countries allows us to see potential opportunities for the development and modernisation of the existing cadastral systems.
Dam Incidents and Failures – Cases in the Czech Republic
Authors: Kotaška Stanislav , Říha Jaromír
Published: April 2023

Dam incidents and failures mainly occur during extreme floods. In the Czech Republic (CR), large-scale regional floods were recorded in different regions in 1985, 1987, 1997, 2002, 2006, 2010, and 2013, while local floods especially occurred in 1991, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2009, and 2010. During these events, numerous incidents and total breaches of small dams were recorded, and a few large dams were also critically endangered, although they were not completely breached. This paper presents a comprehensive summary of incidents and failures affecting small dams in the CR since 1985. The most significant incidents concerning large dams are listed as well. The statistics show that 62 small dams were completely breached and that 350 were seriously damaged over 35 years in the period 1985–2020. The annual frequency amounts to 1.85 collapsed and 10 small damaged dams per year. The most common causes of the complete breaching of dams were overtopping (85 %) and internal erosion (15 %).
Implementation of Participatory Training Model to Develop Teachers' Ability to Design Formative Assessment Instruments in Science Learning
Authors: Muslim* Muslim , Rustaman Nuryani Y , Siahaan Parsaoran , Liliawati Winny , Efendi Ridwan
Published: April 2023

Formative assessment is an essential aspect of learning. Facts in the field show that there still needs to be more teachers who conduct formative assessments during the learning process. The assessment that carries out assesses the final results of learning through summative. This study aims to analyze the ability of science teachers to design formative assessment instruments in science teaching through the implementation of the participatory training model. The research method used is descriptive research with a quantitative approach. The research subjects were 30 junior high school science teachers in Sumedang Regency. Data collection instruments are formative assessment product sheets made by teachers and questionnaires. Data analysis techniques include data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the ability of teachers to design formative instrument assessments was categorized as good. Teachers can create formative instrument assessments integrated into science learning in a varied manner. Teachers' responses to the strengthening and mentoring
Evaluation of Chemical Compounds and their Relationship to the Breaking Point after adding Chlorine to Water
Authors: Estabraq Ali Hameed
Published: April 2023

Evaluation of the chemical compounds formed during the process of sterilizing water with chlorine is a very important point. During sterilization the water goes through three stages each stage resulting different chemical compounds. In the first stage, chlorine reacts with iron, magnesium and nitrates. In the second stage it reacts with ammonia and in the third stage it reacts with the organic compounds in the water. Chlorine in these three stages is called combined chlorine. Then it reaches the breaking point, after this point the water must be free from side chemical compounds, and chlorine after this point is called the residual free Chlorine. Drinking water samples were taken from 3 city in Kirkuk governorate, and the concentrations of magnesium, nitrate, sulfate, acetic acid derivatives, as well as the halomethane group in addition to some physical determinants were evaluated.
There were deviations in  some chemical concentrations when comparing the results with the last Iraqi specification NO. 417. The deviations that appeared in some concentrations were treated by using two chemical methods, the first using activated carbon and the second using aluminum chloride polymer. The importance of the study is to ensure the effectiveness of chlorine by eliminating chemical compounds dangerous in the water.
Putative effects of Helicobacter pylori in levels of trace elements selenium and magnesium and Interleukine-10 in infected children in Tikrit city
Authors: Bayader Jalal Abed Al-Hamed Al- Nuaimi
Published: April 2023

The study was conducted in the city of Tikrit during the period from September 2021 to September 2022. A total of 228 samples were collected from children attending Salah El-Din General Hospital. The samples were divided into two groups: children and the control group. Routine tests are used initially to confirm Helicobacter pylori infection. Including blood and stool tests. The measurement of selenium and magnesium was performed using the atomic absorption technique. Interleukin-10 was also detected, and the results of the study showed a significant decrease in selenium (73.8500 ± 3.88350 and magnesium (.7700 ± .24730), and IL-10 recorded a high level among the patients who were examined (8.18391 (134,3500 ±). At any level Likelihood (0.05) In conclusion, some trace elements as well as some immunological parameters should be monitored regularly and a patient with H. pylori should receive an adequate intake of food.
Spectrophotometric determination of Folic acid (B9) by oxidative Coupling Reaction with 4-nitro-aniline
Authors: Rasha Saad Saber Al Tikrity  , Asmaa Ahmed Mohammed Al Rashidy
Published: April 2023

Development of an easy, inexpensive, fast and selective spectrophotometric method for the determination of Folic Acid  (FA) by its reaction with 4-nitro aniline reagent, with good sensitivity, as an oxidative coupling method in the presence of Potassium permanganate solution, and it was found that the concentrations that were agreement with Beer-Lambert’s law at the wavelength of 374 nm ranged between 1- 21 µg/ml of folic acid solution, and a deviation from Beer’s law occurs at a concentration higher than 21 µg/mL, gave a linear coefficient and correlation coefficient its value is 0.9994, 0.9996, respectively, While the value of the molar absorption coefficient  12138.5 L/mol.cm and Sandel's sensitivity  0.0363 gm/cm2  with  the limits of qualitative and quantitative detection 0.103 and 0.363 μg / ml-1, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of folic acid in its pharmaceutical preparations, from Erbil Company – Iraq. Trade name (folic acide).