bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of an African Swine Fever Virus Field Isolate from Vietnam with Deletions in the Left Variable Multigene Family Region
Authors: Ambagala Aruna , Goonewardene Kalhari , Kanoa Ian El , Than Thi Tam , Nguyen Van Tam , Lai Thi Ngoc Ha , Nguyen Thi Lan , Erdelyan Cassidy N. G. , Robert Erin , Tailor Nikesh , Onyilagha Chukwunonso , Lamboo Lindsey , Handel Katherine , Nebroski Michelle , Vernygora Oksana , Lung Oliver , Le Van Phan
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we report the characterization of a genetically modified live-attenuated African swine fever virus (ASFV) field strain isolated from Vietnam. The isolate, ASFV-GUS-Vietnam, belongs to p72 genotype II, has six multi-gene family (MGF) genes deleted, and an Escherichia coli GusA gene (GUS) inserted. When six 6–8-week-old pigs were inoculated with ASFV-GUS-Vietnam oro-nasally (2 × 105 TCID50/pig), they developed viremia, mild fever, lethargy, and inappetence, and shed the virus in their oral and nasal secretions and feces. One of the pigs developed severe clinical signs and was euthanized 12 days post-infection, while the remaining five pigs recovered. When ASFV-GUS-Vietnam was inoculated intramuscularly (2 × 103 TCID50/pig) into four 6-8 weeks old pigs, they also developed viremia, mild fever, lethargy, inappetence, and shed the virus in their oral and nasal secretions and feces. Two contact pigs housed together with the four intramuscularly inoculated pigs, started to develop fever, viremia, loss of appetite, and lethargy 12 days post-contact, confirming horizontal transmission of ASFV-GUS-Vietnam. One of the contact pigs died of ASF on day 23 post-contact, while the other one recovered. The pigs that survived the exposure to ASFV-GUS-Vietnam via the mucosal or parenteral route were fully protected against the highly virulent ASFV Georgia 2007/1 challenge. This study showed that ASFV-GUS-Vietnam field isolate is able to induce complete protection in the majority of the pigs against highly virulent homologous ASFV challenge, but has the potential for horizontal transmission, and can be fatal in some animals. This study highlights the need for proper monitoring and surveillance when ASFV live-attenuated virus-based vaccines are used in the field for ASF control in endemic countries.
Herpesvirus Infection of Endothelial Cells as a Systemic Pathological Axis in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Authors: Nunes Jean M. , Kell Douglas B. , Pretorius Etheresia
Published: April 2024

Understanding the pathophysiology of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is critical for advancing treatment options. This review explores the novel hypothesis that a herpesvirus infection of endothelial cells (ECs) may underlie ME/CFS symptomatology. We review evidence linking herpesviruses to persistent EC infection and the implications for endothelial dysfunction, encompassing blood flow regulation, coagulation, and cognitive impairment—symptoms consistent with ME/CFS and Long COVID. This paper provides a synthesis of current research on herpesvirus latency and reactivation, detailing the impact on ECs and subsequent systemic complications, including latent modulation and long-term maladaptation. We suggest that the chronicity of ME/CFS symptoms and the multisystemic nature of the disease may be partly attributable to herpesvirus-induced endothelial maladaptation. Our conclusions underscore the necessity for further investigation into the prevalence and load of herpesvirus infection within the ECs of ME/CFS patients. This review offers conceptual advances by proposing an endothelial infection model as a systemic mechanism contributing to ME/CFS, steering future research toward potentially unexplored avenues in understanding and treating this complex syndrome.
A Quadrivalent mRNA Immunization Elicits Potent Immune Responses against Multiple Orthopoxviral Antigens and Neutralization of Monkeypox Virus in Rodent Models
Authors: Su Caixia , Li Sha , Wen Yang , Geng Xiya , Yin Quanyi , Wang Yun , Xiong Yelin , Liu Zhihua
Published: April 2024

The global outbreak of the 2022 monkeypox virus infection of humans and the 2023 documentation of a more virulent monkeypox in the Democratic Republic of the Congo raised public health concerns about the threat of human-to-human transmission of zoonotic diseases. Currently available vaccines may not be sufficient to contain outbreaks of a more transmissible and pathogenic orthopoxvirus. Development of a safe, effective, and scalable vaccine against orthopoxviruses to stockpile for future emergencies is imminent. In this study, we have developed an mRNA vaccine candidate, ALAB-LNP, expressing four vaccinia viral antigens A27, L1, A33, and B5 in tandem in one molecule, and evaluated the vaccine immunogenicity in rodent models. Immunization of animals with the candidate mRNA vaccine induced a potent cellular immune response and long-lasting antigen-specific binding antibody and neutralizing antibody responses against vaccinia virus. Strikingly, the sera from the vaccine-immunized mice cross-reacted with all four homologous antigens of multiple orthopoxviruses and neutralized monkeypox virus in vitro, holding promise for this mRNA vaccine candidate to be used for protection of humans from the infection of monkeypox and other orthopoxvirus.
Seroconversion and Kinetics of Vibriocidal Antibodies during the First 90 Days of Re-Vaccination with Oral Cholera Vaccine in an Endemic Population
Authors: Chisenga Caroline Cleopatra , Phiri Bernard , Ng’ombe Harriet , Muchimba Mutinta , Musukuma-Chifulo Kalo , Silwamba Suwilanji , Laban Natasha Makabilo , Luchen Chaluma , Liswaniso Fraser , Chibesa Kennedy , Mubanga Cynthia , Mwape Kapambwe , Simuyandi Michelo , Cunningham Adam F. , Sack David , Bosomprah Samuel
Published: April 2024

Despite the successful introduction of oral cholera vaccines, Zambia continues to experience multiple, sporadic, and protracted cholera outbreaks in various parts of the country. While vaccines have been useful in staying the cholera outbreaks, the ideal window for re-vaccinating individuals resident in cholera hotspot areas remains unclear. Using a prospective cohort study design, 225 individuals were enrolled and re-vaccinated with two doses of Shanchol™, regardless of previous vaccination, and followed-up for 90 days. Bloods were collected at baseline before re-vaccination, at day 14 prior to second dosing, and subsequently on days 28, 60, and 90. Vibriocidal assay was performed on samples collected at all five time points. Our results showed that anti-LPS and vibriocidal antibody titers increased at day 14 after re-vaccination and decreased gradually at 28, 60, and 90 days across all the groups. Seroconversion rates were generally comparable in all treatment arms. We therefore conclude that vibriocidal antibody titers generated in response to re-vaccination still wane quickly, irrespective of previous vaccination status. However, despite the observed decline, the levels of vibriocidal antibodies remained elevated over baseline values across all groups, an important aspect for Zambia where there is no empirical evidence as to the ideal time for re-vaccination.
Correlation between 146S Antigen Content in Foot-and-Mouth Disease Inactivated Vaccines and Immunogenicity Level and Vaccine Potency Alternative Test Methods
Authors: Li Yongxia , Yang Ruai , Yin Fu , Zhang Haisheng , Zhai Guoyuan , Sun Shiqi , Tian Bo , Zeng Qiaoying
Published: April 2024

To investigate the association between 146S antigen contents in FMD inactivated vaccines and levels of antiviral immunity, this study vaccinated 30 kg pigs with three batches of FMD types O and A bivalent inactivated vaccines. Antibody titers and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) secretion levels were measured on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 after primary immunization and on days 14 and 28 following booster immunization to assess associations between 146S contents and both antibody titers and IFN-γ secretion levels. Furthermore, 30 kg pigs were vaccinated with 46 batches of FMD type O inactivated vaccines and challenged on day 28, after which PD50 values were determined to evaluate the association between 146S content and PD50. The findings suggested that antibody titers and IFN-γ secretion levels at specific time points after immunization were positively associated with 146S contents. Additionally, 146S content showed a positive correlation with PD50, with greater PD50 values recorded for 146S contents ranging from 4.72 to 16.55 µg/dose. This investigation established a significant association between the 146S content in FMD inactivated vaccines and induced immune response against FMDV, thereby emphasizing its critical role in vaccine quality control. The determination of 146S content could serve as a new method for potency testing, offering an alternative to animal challenge tests.
Salinity-Induced Changes in Heavy Metal Behavior and Mobility in Semi-Arid Coastal Aquifers: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Gantayat Rakesh Roshan , Elumalai Vetrimurugan
Published: April 2024

Semi-arid coastal aquifers face critical challenges characterized by lower rainfall, higher evaporation rates, and looming risk of over-exploitation. These conditions, coupled with climate change, are conducive to seawater intrusion and promote mechanisms associated with it. The understanding of metal behavior in such environments is limited, and hence, an attempt is made through this review to bridge the knowledge gap. A study on the behavior of trace metals within a specific context of semi-arid coastal aquifers was carried out, and 11 aquifers from 6 different countries were included. The review observed that trace metals within semi-arid coastal aquifers exhibit distinctive behaviors influenced by their surrounding environment. The prevalence of evaporation and continuous seawater intrusion played a pivotal role in shaping trace metal dynamics by curtailing groundwater flux. The findings suggest that the formation of stable Cl and organic ligands under increased alkaline conditions (pH > 8) has higher control over Zn, Pb, and Cd toxicity in a highly ionic reactive condition. In addition, dominant control of Fe/Mn-hydroxide association with Pb and high organic affinity of Zn played a pivotal role in controlling its bioavailability in aquifers such as WFB, Saudi Arabia NW-C and India. On the contrary, under prevailing acidic conditions (pH < 6), carbonate and SO4-ligands become more dominant, controlling the bioavailability/desorption of Cu irrespective of its origin. The behavior of Ni is found to be controlled by stable organic ligands increasing salinity. An increase in salinity in the considered aquifers shows an increase in bioavailability of Ni, except UmC, South Africa, where organic ligands act as a sink for the metal, even at low pH conditions (pH < 5.5). This study indicates that factors such as mineral saturation, carbonate complexes, pH variations (pH > 8), and chloride complexes govern the distribution of trace metals further enhanced by prolonged water residence time. Nonetheless, specific conditions, such as a reducing and acidic environment, could potentially elevate the solubility of highly toxic Cr (VI) released from anthropogenic sources.
Treatment Effect of Long-Term Subsurface-Flow Constructed Wetland on Mariculture Water and Analysis of Wetland Bacterial Community
Authors: Chen Chen , Yang Guijun , Chen Xuechu , Li Pengquan , Chen Jingfei , Yan Maocang , Guo Chong
Published: April 2024

To improve the quality of natural seawater to meet the needs of aquaculture production, a large-scale subsurface-flow constructed wetland (HSFCW) was constructed and operated stably for 2 years to understand the reasons for its purification effect on natural seawater. The results of the study showed that the system could maintain a high purification effect on natural seawater during aquaculture; the average removal rates of COD, TSS, TN, NH4+-N, and DON (organic nitrogen) were 22.29%, 49.33%, 36.94%, 10.88%, and 44.08%, respectively. Additionally, the HSFCW could effectively remove harmful algae such as Cyanobacteria; the removal rate of dominant algae species in Cyanobacteria was 90.33–97.93%. The pyrosequencing of 16S ribosomal DNA revealed that Proteobacteria, Nitrospirae, and Chloroflexi were the main and key bacterial phyla in the system. Members of these key gates are regarded as playing important roles in resisting water purification. The study results suggest that the subsurface-flow wetland system can effectively improve seawater quality and reduce the density of harmful algae cells.
Hydrogeological Investigation of a Goaf and Subsidence Area Based on a Ground-to-Air Transient Electromagnetic Sounding Method
Authors: Feng Qicai , Li Chang , Hao Shuren , Li Dongsheng , Liu Tao , Sun Zhonglin , Zhou Ling
Published: April 2024

Water hazards in coal mines have always been the main geological hazard that restricts the safety of coal mine production. The traditional electromagnetic method is difficult to accurately detect the hydrogeological conditions of underground goafs due to accuracy and interference problems. The ground-to-air transient electromagnetic method is an electromagnetic detection technology with strong adaptability to various terrains, a large detection depth, a wide coverage, a high resolution, and fast speed. This paper mainly applies the ground-to-air transient electromagnetic method to conduct a hydrogeological engineering geological survey in a mine subsidence area. By using this method effectively, changes in hydrogeological and engineering geological conditions in the mine subsidence area are identified and water filling conditions below section 310 and section 250 of the roadway are determined. This study provides accurate and reliable basic data support for rescue operations and post-disaster reconstruction efforts, while also offering valuable insights for similar exploration projects.
Ephemeral Puddles—Potential Sites for Feeding and Reproduction of Hyporheic Copepoda
Authors: Karpowicz Maciej , Smolska Sabina
Published: April 2024

The hyporheic (phreatic) zone connects groundwater and surface water and hosts a diverse community of organisms that are adapted to its unique conditions. In order to investigate the hitherto poorly understood biotic connections between the hyporheic zone and temporary ponds, we analyzed changes in the community of Copepoda in a small and shallow ephemeral puddle in a meadow for one year, with comparison to the groundwater fauna of the surrounding region in northeastern Poland. In the puddle, three species of Cyclopoida (Acanthocyclops vernalis, Diacyclops bisetosus, and Cyclops furcifer) were present in large numbers throughout the year. These species were also common components of the region’s groundwater fauna, but in much lower densities in the groundwater than in the puddle. These results suggest that temporary puddles can be a convenient place for copepods to feed and reproduce, while groundwater may serve as an important corridor for their dispersal. This study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of copepod ecology and the functioning of ephemeral aquatic habitats.
Designing the Spigot Structure of Hydrocyclones to Reduce Fine Particle Misplacement in Underflow
Authors: Liu Peikun , Chen Bo , Hou Duanxu , Yang Xinghua , Zhang Wei , Lu Yuanli
Published: April 2024

Hydrocyclones can be used to concentrate the entrained sands in sewage and alleviate the clogging and erosion of the drainage network, but in practical application, there are problems such as low concentrations of underflow and a high content of fine particles, which cause a significant load on the subsequent sand dewatering and recycling. This paper designs five spigot structures of hydrocyclones and investigates the separation performance by numerical simulation, aiming to improve the applicability of hydrocyclones in the sewage treatment process by optimizing the spigot structure. The research results show that a large cone spigot delays the external downward swirling flow and reduces fine particle content in the underflow, but its effective separation space is reduced, and the turbulence in the cone section area is more intensive, which influences the separation accuracy. An elongated spigot has a reduced underflow water distribution; fine particles are more enriched in the internal swirling flow, and the underflow recoveries of 1 μm and 5 μm particles drop by 2.34% and 2.31%. The spigot structure affects the downward fluid and air intake states; complicated spigot structures contribute to increasing the resistance of particle discharge through underflow, alleviating fine particle misplacement.
PROXIMATE COMPOSITION, AMINO ACID PROFILING, AND SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF PROCESSED NATURAL VEGETATION OF THARPARKAR
Authors: Shaikh Nida , Soomro Aijaz Hussain , Miano Tahseen Fatima , Tarar Omer Mukhtar
Published: April 2024

Some processing techniques tend to advance the overall nutritional quality of food commodities and thus may contribute to counter malnutrition in regions like Tharparkar. For scanning the efficacy of some selected processing treatments, the natural vegetation of Tharparkar (NVT) i.e., mung beans (MB), sesame seeds (SS), and pearl millet (PM), were sprouted, roasted, and blanched, respectively, and milled to flour after thermal drying.  All fresh and processed NVT, i.e., sprouted mung bean flour (SMBF), roasted sesame seed powder (RSSP), and blanched pearl millet flour (BPMF), were analyzed for proximate composition, profiling of amino acids (AAs), and safety assessment. The results demonstrated statistically different (P<0.05) mean values of fresh and processed NVT for most of the analyzed parameters. It was found that processing significantly increased (P<0.05) ash, protein, fat, and fiber content whereas significantly decreased (P<0.05) phytic and oxalic acid in the NVT. In addition, some essential AAs significantly (P<0.05) enhanced in SMBF i.e., histidine (0.45g/100g), isoleucine (0.59g/100g), lysine (0.71g/100), methionine (0.23g/100g), phenylalanine (1.54g/100g), and valine (0.32g/100g); RSSP i.e., isoleucine (1.63g/100g), leucine (4.57g/100g), lysine (0.75g/100g), phenylalanine (3.14g/100g), tryptophan (0.81g/100g), and tyrosine (2.15g/100g); and in BPMF i.e., threonine (0.55g/100g), isoleucine (0.28g/100g), leucine (1.70g/100g), methionine (0.21g/100), tryptophan (0.11g/100g), and valine(0.17g/100g). Among non-essential AAs, the alanine and glycine remained significantly higher (P<0.05) in all processed NVT i.e., 1.56, 1.29, and1.43g/100g alanine in SMBF, RSSP, and BPMF, respectively. However, glycine remained at 0.56, 0.59, and 0.23g/100g in SMBF, RSSP, and BPMF, respectively. It is therefore concluded that processing techniques exerted a significant role in enhancing nutritional profile while mitigating the antinutrient load from the NVT. Consequently, it is recommended that SMBF, RSSP, and BPMF be utilized for developing various food products to counter malnutrition in regions like Tharparkar.
COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF NEEM OIL DERIVATIVES WITH IMIDACLOPRID AGAINST OKRA JASSID, AMRASCA BIGUTTULA (ISHIDA)
Authors: Mal Bhugro , Mangrio Wali Muhammad , Sahito Hakim Ali , Siddiqui Aqeel Ahmed , Khuhro Shah Nawaz , Sahito Fahmeeda Imdad
Published: April 2024

The present research study was conducted at the experimental field condition of Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Southern Zone Agricultural Research Centre, University of Karachi, to compare the field performance of different neem oil derivatives doses with Imidacloprid, sprayed on okra crop against the jassid population. The experiments were carried out RCBD with the application of four treatments, including three different concentrations of neem oils at (2%, 1.5%, and 1%) with the comparison of Imidacloprid pesticide and control. Neem oil was selected as a natural pesticide against jassid population reduction on okra crop. All the treatments were sprayed twice and data were recorded before 24h of pre-treatment and post-treatment at 48h, 72h, and 144h, respectively. The overall maximum reduction % after the application of Imidacloprid against the jassid population was calculated (61.51%) in 1st spray and (58.25%) 2nd spray, followed by (43.01%), (39.75%) at 2%, consequent to (32.50%), (29.75%), at 1.5% and (25.55%), (24.52%) at 1%, respectively. The maximum efficacy in neem oil concentration was recorded at 2% followed by 1.5%, and 1% but all neem oil concentrations including Imidacloprid observed effective from the 1st day up to the 6th post-spray days. All neem oil concentrations after 24h, 48h, 72h, and 144h of post-spray found significantly different at (P< 0.05). The application of neem oil, 2% caused the phytotoxicity reduction in okra plants. Thus, it is recommended that the bio-pesticide should be applied at 1.5% neem oil concentration against the jassid pest population.
The PERSIAN Cohort: Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders Among Employees
Authors: Farahbakhsh Mostafa , Faramarzi Elnaz , Fakhari Ali , Sadeghi Mahshid , Barzegar Habibeh , Norouzi Sanaz , Harzand-Jadidi Sepideh
Published: April 2024

Background: Considering the impact of psychiatric disorders on the productivity of individuals and society’s economy, we aimed to determine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among the employees of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1282 employees of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in 2019. The required data were collected by trained psychologists using Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). In this process, psychiatric disorders were considered dependent variables, and demographic variables as independent variables. The relationship between independent and dependent variables was assessed using the chi-square test and Binary logistic regression in Stata version 17. Results: The prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) among employees was 14.12%, 12.48%, and 3.9%, respectively. The prevalence of GAD in women was significantly higher than men (17.06% vs. 10.02%, P<0.001). The prevalence of GAD was 42.86%, 15.97%, 13.49%, and 16.67 in widowed, single, married, and divorced employees, respectively (P=0.016). The prevalence of MDD in women was significantly higher than men (16.59% vs. 7.64%, P<0.001). The prevalence of MDD was 16.3%, 11.2%, 9.6%, and 8.56% in employees with Bachelor’s, Associate, Master’s degree, and High school diploma, respectively (P=0.009). Conclusion: Considering the relatively high prevalence of GAD and MDD among the employees of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, strengthening counseling centers in the university and encouraging employees to participate in these centers, and examining them in terms of mental health help identify people at risk of mental disorders in time and provide counseling services to these people.
Cytoprotective Effects of Hydro-extracts of the Inner Bark of the Oak Tree Fruit (Jaft) on the Healing Process of Aspirin-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats
Authors: Ghaffari Hamid Reza , Poursamimi Javad , Soofi Dadkhoda , Sheibak Abbas
Published: April 2024

Introduction: A gastric ulcer is a mucosal lesion of the stomach that may occur after taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin, especially in cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytoprotective effects of the aqueous extract of oak (Jaft) against the mucosal damage effects of aspirin. Methods: Seventy-two female Wistar rats weighing 200‒240 g were prepared and divided into 6 groups. Groups I, II, and III received the Jaft extract at doses of 250 mg/kg/d, 500 mg/kg/d, and 750 mg/kg/d, respectively, and Group IV received omeprazole at a dose of 200 mg/kg/d. Groups V (patient’s control) and VI (healthy control) both received saline (0.9%) at 1 mL/kg/d . Mice were given aspirin (200 mg/kg/d) for inducing the gastric ulcer. After 14 days, they were anesthetized with ether, their stomachs were removed, and the blocks of tissue were prepared. The tissues were stained using the hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) dye and analyzed by the Olympus light microscope and OLYSIA software. Finally, IBM SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the data. Results: The means±standard deviation (SD) of the mucosal thickness in groups taking the Jaft extracts (250, 500, and 700 mg) decreased compared to the aspirin group (P<0.05). In addition, the mean±SD of the mucosal gland thickness and mucosal folds in group V (with aspirin) decreased compared to the 250, 500, and 700 extract groups (P>0.05). The epithelial cell destruction, edema, venous congestion, and destruction of the capillaries of the mucosal and sub-mucosal areas in the extract groups decreased compared to the V group. Likewise, the number of mucosal cells in the gastric gland and the size of gastric parietal cells in the extract groups decreased compared to the V group. Conclusion: This study generally elucidated the cytoprotective effect of the Jaft extract in the mouse model of gastric ulcer.
Mechanism of Tol/Pal System in Antibacterial Therapies
Authors: Ghazaei Ciamak
Published: April 2024

The Tol/Pal system is a group of complex proteins found in Gram-negative bacteria that has a crucial function in bacterial outer membrane development and safety. It is a promising target for potential antibacterial therapy. Initially, this Tol/Pal system was thought to be associated with the uptake of toxins such as colicins by Escherichia coli. However, the latest research has revealed that this system has much broader features beyond that. The system has been extensively studied, and this article discusses some of the conclusions drawn from those studies. Most significantly, the Tol/Pal system is a prerequisite for the pathogenicity of many Gram-negative bacteria, indicating that it has a remarkable role in how these bacteria cause diseases. Moreover, this system plays a vital role in the growth and overall fitness of specific pathogens. This indicates that it may be a promising target for growing antimicrobial therapies. Significantly, one of the proteins in this system, called Pal, is highly recognizable through the immune system and may trigger each of the adaptive and innate immune responses. A lot of these features make the Tol/Pal system an exciting area of research for the development of antibacterial therapies, in particular for dealing with stubborn infections caused by gram-negative pathogens, which are resistant to a couple of drugs. This paper offers an outline of the mechanisms of the Tol/ Pal system within the context of bacterial disease development and its potential utilization as a vaccine to counter respective bacterial infections.
A Comprehensive Review of Tick-Born Blood Protozoan Disease in Cattle: Babesiosis and Vaccination
Authors: Rehman Khalid Zia ul , Rahman Sarfraz ur , Munir Muhammad Zubair , Jabar Abdul , Hussain Irtaza
Published: April 2024

Babesiosis is a tick-borne blood protozoan cattle disease caused by the genus Babesia worldwide and in tropical and subtropical regions. It is mainly caused by Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina in cattle. When merozoites enter the erythrocyte, the surface coat of B. bigemina produces many merozoite surface antigens. This study is a comprehensive review of the "Tick-Borne Blood Protozoan Cattle Disease: Babesiosis and Vaccination" survey. There is a need to develop effective vaccines to control bovine babesiosis (BB) under field conditions because of the development of drug resistance against it. B. bigemina live-attenuated vaccine is available in the form of infected red blood cells (RBCs) in Australia and Israel, which has the danger of disseminating exotic DNA to other countries. A recombinant protein-based vaccine is a good choice to be developed, but very few immunogens have been explored yet to launch vaccination against B. bigemina. It is concluded from this study that secretory proteins were characterized, and the 65 kDa protein was found to be immunogenic. Major surface protein (gp45) was found to be antigenic and immunogenic when sera samples of infected and vaccinated calves were screened. The multiepitope-based protein rec-gpME was expressed, and the calves were vaccinated. The vaccinated calves had higher humoral and CTL responses. This rec-gpME could be a potential vaccine candidate against the B. bigemina infection. This rec-gpME would be tested on cattle under field conditions in Pakistan in the future.
A Review of the Importance of Trichinosis in Public Health and the Status of Infection with This Parasite in Ethiopia
Authors: Mulisa Getahun Berhanu , Abdeta Tesfaye Rebuma , Abdelmola Ammar Ahmed
Published: April 2024

Trichinella is one of the most important zoonotic parasitic nematodes with worldwide prevalence. Trichinella larvae are usually found inside the muscle tissue of the animals such as pigs and mice. This parasite enters into human’s small intestine following the consumption of infected pork and, then, excretes the male worms through his/her feces. Eight different species of this parasite have so far been identified including Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella nativa, Trichinella nelsoni, Trichinella britovi, Trichinella murrelli, Trichinella pseudospiralis, Trichinella papuae, and Trichinella zimbabwensis. Other remaining worms are transferred to other parts of the body by the blood, and from there they migrate, especially, through the muscles of the abdominal wall, tongue, and larynx, thereby causing swelling and calcareous cysts inside the muscles. Other mammals such as cats, dogs, foxes, pigs, and boars also usually get this disease after eating the meat of mice or other infected animals. Humans can also develop this disease by consuming pork or boar meat. The spread of this disease is rare in Islamic countries where pork is not consumed due to the religious observance, but its spread is rapid in countries from Europe and South America where the disease afflicts 12% of their human population mainly due to a failure to cook or freeze the meat perfectly.
Quality of Life and Occupational Performance after Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Rafani Samira Mercaldi , Weber Karina Tavares , Mello Alves Luciana Bezerra de , Santos Edwards Taiza Elaine Grespan , Pontes Neto Octávio Marques
Published: April 2024

Traumatic brain injury is a health condition with high incidence, morbidity and mortality that affects people of all ages, considered a relevant public health problem around the world. Trauma can greatly impact the lives of those affected, from a socioeconomic point of view, in dependence on third parties to carry out basic activities of daily living and social participation, reflecting on the well-being and quality of life not only of survivors, but also of their family members. Quality of life and, more recently, human functionality are being used as important measures of health outcomes for the population and individuals. The objective of this article is to discuss the repercussions of traumatic brain injury on the occupational performance and quality of life of post-trauma survivors in order to establish preventive and rehabilitative actions that minimize these impacts, facilitate social reintegration and increase satisfaction with life of the affected subjects.
Counteracting climate change in the context of implementing sustainable development in economic and social aspects
Authors: Skubiak Beata , Broniewicz Mirosław , Grabowska Paulina
Published: April 2024

The aim of the article is to present the current state of knowledge about climate change, the causes of these changes, and potential effects, both environmental, economic, and social. To achieve the formulated goal, the author attempts to interpret original research results in the area of climate change, as well as actions taken (at various levels) in the field of climate policy. This is intended to answer the question of whether the idea of sustainable development at the social and economic level is realistic in the context of climate policy. In the ongoing debate, the problem of adaptation to climate change has given way to the problem of pollutant emissions, and the available scientific knowledge is insufficient to predict what changes the climate will undergo in the coming decades and what impact humans will have on these changes. Based on the analyses carried out, the author of the article concludes that emphasis should be placed on solutions that support human well-being and minimise losses. Environmental protection, if it is to remain a science, must take responsibility for the entire environment, including human well-being, and cannot be done at the expense of human beings because it destroys the natural social order. The article verifies the following hypothesis: decisions made in the field of climate policy are insufficiently justified by scientific research, which provides irrefutable facts.
ÇKKV YÖNTEMLERİYLE MAKROEKONOMİK PERFORMANS ÖLÇÜMÜ: 2021-2022 DÖNEMİ D8 ÜLKELERİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Hokka Cengiz , Bektaş Selahattin
Published: April 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı, D8 Grubu (Bangladeş, Endonezya, İran, Malezya, Mısır, Nijerya, Pakistan Türkiye) ülkelerinin 2021-2022 dönemi için makroekonomik performanslarını değerlendirmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda beş adet makroekonomik performans kriteri belirlenmiştir. Bu kriterler güncel literatüre paralel olarak seçilmiştir. Söz konusu kriterler GSYİH, İşsizlik, Enflasyon, Sefalet Endeksi ve Kişi Başına Düşen GSYİH olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada performans analizi için kriter ağırlıklandırmada objektif ağırlıklandırma grubunda olan Entropi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Performans sıralama yönteminde ise Aras yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada yapılan analiz sonuçlarına bakıldığında, Entropi yönteminin sonuçlarına göre incelenen dönemde (2021-2022) en önemli ağırlığa sahip ilk üç kriter sırasıyla Enflasyon, Sefalet Endeksi ve Kişi Başına Düşen GSYİH olarak tespit edilmiştir. Performans sıralaması sonuçlarına bakıldığında ise Aras yöntemi sonuçlarına göre incelenen dönem için (2021-2022) en iyi makroekonomik performansı sağlayan ilk üç ülkenin sırasıyla Malezya Bangladeş ve Endonezya olduğu saptanmıştır.
Hátrányos helyzetű tehetséges gyerekek jövőre irányuló tervei, aspirációi
Authors: Harsányiné Petneházi Ágnes , Lestyán Erzsébet , Kós Nóra
Published: April 2024

A tanulmány arra keresi a választ, hogy egy középiskolai, ötéves komplex tehetséggondozó programba beválogatott hátrányos helyzetű, alacsony szocioökonomiai státusszal bíró tanulók jövőre irányuló tervei, aspirációi mutatnak-e eltérést a náluk egyébként kedvezőbb helyzetben lévő társaikhoz képest, és ha igen, miben. A szerzők bemutatják a 2000-ben indított, Hátrányos Helyzetű Tanulók Arany János Tehetséggondozó Programját, majd az ott tanuló gyerekek jövőre irányuló terveit, motivációit hasonlítják össze, az ugyanabba a középiskolába járó, nem hátrányos helyzetű diákokéval. A vizsgálatban az Aspirációs Index kérdőív (Kasser-Ryan, 2005; magyar változat V. Komlósi Annamária és munkatársai, 2006) került felvételre. A szerzők az Extrinzik és az Intrinzik motívumokat hasonlították össze egyrészt az AJTP-ben résztvevő és a kontroll csoport, valamint a Komlósi-féle átlagokkal. Az eredmények szerint az intrinzik életcélok fontosságának átlaga magasabb mind a kontrollos gyerekek, mind a magyar standard (V. Komlói és mtsai, 2006) átlagánál. Az extrinzik életcélok fontosságának átlagában a két csoport között nem talált szignifikáns különbséget. A programban szerencsésen találkozik az esélyegyenlőség és a méltányosság elvének érvényesítésére épülő oktatás, a nevelésközpontú pedagógiai koncepciókkal. Ebben a tekintetben modellértékű lehet a jövőbeli hátránykompenzáló programok megalkotói számára is, hiszen olyan értékek és alapeszmék hordozója, amelyeknek minden modern oktatási rendszer vállalt funkcióinak inventáriumában tükröződniük kell.
De la imitación a la producción en el desarrollo de la oralidad de los estudiantes futuros profesionales de inglés en la FaHCE de la UNLP: identidades socio culturales en tensión
Authors:   , Palmieri Mariana
Published: April 2024

En las carreras de inglés del Departamento de Lenguas y Literaturas Modernas de la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación (FaHCE) de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), la materia Fonética y Fonología Inglesas 1 se ha servido de la perspectiva tradicional signada por el hablante nativo como el modelo ideal a fin de alcanzar un óptimo grado de inteligibilidad a la hora de comunicarse en inglés. La adquisición de este acento modélico ha estado siempre al servicio del sistema lingüístico y poco se ha explorado el impacto de este modelo como vehículo de identidad y cultura. Esta investigación utilizó una metodología cualitativa interpretativa en un estudio de caso con el objetivo de indagar, describir y explicar cómo los estudiantes del segundo año de las carreras de inglés en la FAHCE de la UNLP conforman sus identidades como hablantes del inglés como lengua de comunicación internacional en relación con el acento modélico propuesto en su formación. La perspectiva crítica adoptada en este estudio para el desarrollo de la oralidad en la formación de profesionales de inglés permitió dialogar con los cambios significativos del estatus de la lengua inglesa en el mundo y atender a la relación entre la marca sociolingüística de acento y la conformación de identidades profesionales y socio culturales. Los resultados del análisis indican que las identidades profesionales de los estudiantes se perciben fuertemente marcadas por un acercamiento a modelos nativos que pone en tensión sus identidades socio culturales como miembros de la comunidad internacional de inglés al integrar la dimensión intercultural en la formación. En este sentido, los resultados obtenidos revelan la necesidad de revisar críticamente la elección de modelos nativistas en pos de un enfoque pluricéntrico que promueva una mayor conciencia no solo de las actitudes frente a las diferentes variedades y acentos nativos y no nativos del inglés sino también, en relación con las identidades profesionales y socio culturales de docentes y estudiantes en un mundo multicultural donde el inglés opera como lengua de comunicación internacional.
Widowhood Rituals versus Widows’ Rights
Authors: Williams Eleanor N. , Musya Justus K.
Published: April 2024

The research article sets out to assess the effects of African indigenous widowhood rituals on widow's rights in Alego Usonga Sub-County, Siaya County, Kenya. The Feminist Theory supported this research, which utilised a descriptive research design so as to unveil the main problem. The study population consisted of 600 participants who were the key informants of the study. Based on the Taro Yamane sample size determination formula of 1967, the sampled participants were 186. It relied on structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews as one of the several sources of primary data collection tool. The quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics with the help of MS Excel. The qualitative data generated from the interviews were analysed by using content analysis. The narratives were presented around the study objectives, namely, the nature of widowhood rituals, the extent to which the widowhood rituals affected widow's rights, and the efficacy of the measures put in place to mitigate the infringement of widow's rights. The study emphasizes the significant impact of widowhood rituals on widows' lives, including psychological distress, social isolation, economic challenges, and discrimination. Measures to mitigate the infringement of widow's rights, such as education campaigns, enforcement of human rights laws, economic support programs, and legal reforms, receive varying levels of agreement. The study recommends developing programs to address misconceptions, advocating for legal reforms, and fostering community involvement to provide support to widows.
Low energy femtosecond pulsed laser ablation of Nd:YAG laser crystal in high-pressure oxygen and nitrogen background gas
Authors: De Mata J. K. , Valenzona M. , Lacaba A. , Garcia W. , Dasallas L.
Published: April 2024

A low-energy femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser was utilized to ablate the Nd:YAG laser crystal target in high-pressure oxygen (O2) and nitrogen (N2) background gases. Only minute amounts of neodymium (Nd), yttrium (Y), and aluminum (Al) were detected in the deposited material due to the thermalization resulting from low laser pulse energy and significant scattering caused by the high background gas pressure. We used a collision-based model and peak-fitting method of the angular distribution of the plume to explain the result. The collision-based model was used to explain and determine the probability distribution of the elements arriving from the target to the substrate. The magnitude of the probability distribution obtained with O2 background gas is higher as compared to N2 background gas owing to the former’s higher collision frequency. The peak-fitting method of the angular distribution of Nd, Y, and Al provided better approximations of the ratio of atoms arriving after ablation as compared to the collision-based model. Further improvements can be carried out to better predict the deposited material ratio.
Live Streaming TikTok Sebagai Strategi Komunikasi Pemasaran Pada Brand Skincare
Authors: Jacob Delicia Regina
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini menyelidiki penggunaan live streaming TikTok sebagai strategi komunikasi pemasaran kreatif dalam industri perawatan kulit. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan landasan teori komunikasi pemasaran dan konsep media baru. Melalui wawancara dan diskusi kelompok terfokus, penelitian ini mengeksplorasi bagaimana merek perawatan kulit “Skintific” memanfaatkan fitur live streaming TikTok untuk memperluas pasar dan meningkatkan penjualan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Skintific berhasil mengintegrasikan live streaming dengan bauran komunikasi pemasaran, seperti periklanan, promosi, penjualan pribadi, dan pemasaran langsung, sehingga menciptakan interaksi yang berdampak positif kepada audiens. Temuan ini menggarisbawahi pentingnya beradaptasi dengan tren baru di media sosial sebagai bagian integral dari strategi pemasaran yang efektif. Implikasi praktis dari penelitian ini adalah memberikan wawasan bagi para praktisi pemasaran dalam mengoptimalkan live streaming sebagai alat komunikasi yang ampuh dan berdampak dalam pemasaran modern. Kesimpulannya, penggunaan live streaming TikTok merupakan strategi yang potensial dan relevan untuk meningkatkan keterlibatan konsumen dan memperluas jangkauan pasar merek perawatan kulit dan industri sejenis. Dengan memanfaatkan fitur-fitur baru di TikTok, seperti live streaming, penyesuaian penjualan personal, pendekatan komunikasi yang relevan, click-to-action yang efektif, tata letak produk, harga yang tepat, dan diskon, Skintific mencatatkan pertumbuhan yang signifikan dari tahun 2021 hingga saat ini.
Perancangan Model Enterprise Architecture Planning pada PT. Bestari Kalimantan
Authors: Zulfani Muhamad , Emanuel Andi Wahju Rahardjo
Published: April 2024

PT Bestari Kalimantan adalah sebuah perusahaan kontraktor yang mengkhususkan diri dalam pemasangan instalasi jaringan. Saat ini, sistem yang digunakan masih bersifat manual dan belum terkomputerisasi untuk mengelola data, termasuk penggajian karyawan, pengolahan data peralatan dan stok barang, serta data lainnya. Dalam era teknologi saat ini, mengadopsi sistem terkomputerisasi menjadi sangat penting bagi perusahaan guna mendukung kelancaran proses bisnis mereka. Oleh karena itu, di PT. Bestari Kalimantan telah dirancang sebuah Enterprise Architecture Planning yang meliputi Perencanaan Strategis untuk sistem terkomputerisasi, bertujuan untuk membantu optimalisasi proses bisnis. Dari hasil perancangan Enterprise, dihasilkan usulan aplikasi-aplikasi yang dapat digunakan oleh PT. Bestari Kalimantan untuk menggantikan sistem manual yang sekarang digunakan. Dengan adanya Blueprint dari perancangan Enterprise Architecture, diharapkan PT. Bestari Kalimantan dapat meningkatkan pelayanan kepada pelanggan
Impacto del TDAH en el aprendizaje de estudiantes en edad escolar: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Vega Rivera Gladys Alicia
Published: April 2024

La educación en la diversidad busca incluir y valorar las diferencias, promoviendo un aprendizaje rico y equitativo para todos los estudiantes. La finalidad del estudio fue analizar el impacto del Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH) en el aprendizaje de niños(as) y adolescentes escolarizados. Se fundamentó en una revisión sistemática de la literatura, de tipo descriptiva, siguiendo el protocolo PRISMA en los principales motores de búsqueda Scopus, Scielo, Latindex, Web of Science. Los resultados con la aplicación de los criterios de inclusión y exclusión permitieron la selección de 25 trabajos, sintetizados en una matriz que promulgó el análisis de contenido por año, área de conocimiento y país del recurso y aportes sustanciales de la revisión. Se determinó que es imperativo desarrollar diseños metodológicos con el propósito de mejorar la recopilación de datos y la evaluación de niños en edad escolar que pudieran enfrentar desafíos en su aprendizaje en el futuro. Asimismo, se destaca la importancia de estandarizar los procedimientos de diagnóstico, dado que la falta de uniformidad en este ámbito representa un desafío significativo en los entornos educativos. Este desafío, a su vez, conlleva consecuencias negativas en la educación y perturba el proceso de adaptación de los niños.
Clima institucional en el desempeño docente en una institución educativa pública de Lima, Perú
Authors: Nina-Cuchillo Josue , Ruiz Dextre Juan Franco , Nina-Cuchillo Enoc Eusebio , Sánchez Aguirre Flor de María
Published: April 2024

El clima institucional, es un aspecto de interés para las instituciones educativas que buscan la mejora del desempeño de sus docentes. Por ello, la finalidad de la investigación fue determinar si el clima institucional incide en el desempeño de los docentes de la Institución Educativa Emblemática Ricardo Bentín, Lima, Perú. Fue utilizada una metodología bajo un enfoque cuantitativo, nivel correlacional causal y diseño no experimental. La muestra censal se conformó por 85 docentes, a quienes se les ha aplicado dos cuestionarios para la medición de su percepción. Según los hallazgos, el clima institucional se encuentra en un nivel bajo y el desempeño docente posee un nivel deficiente, determinándose que el clima institucional incide en el desempeño docente de forma directa y significativa.
Desafíos bioéticos en la formación médica en la era de la inteligencia artificial
Authors: Chamba Cuadros José
Published: April 2024

La disciplina de la bioética ha cobrado una importancia creciente en el ámbito de la medicina, sirviendo como un marco esencial para identificar y abordar conflictos éticos emergentes. El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar los desafíos bioéticos para la formación médica en la era de la inteligencia artificial (IA), con el propósito de estimular la reflexión crítica sobre las implicaciones éticas de su uso. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica, utilizando como fuentes de información las bases de datos: Dialnet, Pubmed, y Google Académico. La exploración se realizó en un intervalo de tiempo del 2001-2023. En una primera búsqueda se recopilaron un total de 50 publicaciones, de las cuales fueron seleccionadas 23 fuentes bibliográficas, en base a criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se ha constatado que la inteligencia artificial (IA) ha experimentado una evolución acelerada, trayendo consigo un incremento significativo en los desafíos éticos enfrentados por el personal médico. Estos profesionales se ven en la necesidad de navegar entre el compromiso por el bienestar de sus pacientes y la adaptación a nuevas modalidades de atención, tales como la telemedicina y la consulta virtual. Se destaca la importancia de una reflexión ética rigurosa en la integración de estas tecnologías en la práctica clínica.