bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Profil Keterampilan Proses Sains (KPS) Mahasiswa Fisika pada Materi Listrik Magnet
Authors: Yolanda Yaspin
Published: January 2020

This study describes the profile of the science process skills (KPS) of STKIP PGRI Lubuklinggau students on magnetic electric material. The subjects of the research were the third semester students who took magnet electricity courses. Sampling was done by purposive sampling. The research method used was Qualitative Positive Descriptive Method. Data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using an instrument in the form of a KPS diagnosis test. Based on the results of KPS research on student electricity magnet on the subject of Electric magnet, it can be concluded that (1) The skills of the science process of magnet electricity are skilled, and (2) The solution to solve the problem of availability of KPS aspects is to train and be trained with the KPS approach to magnetized student electricity so that the availability of KPS aspects can appear / available. The average percentage increase in KPS are, 82% observation skills, 80% classification skills, 85% interpretation skills, 78% prediction skills, 88% experimental planning or investigation skills, 87% skills using tools and materials, 80% skills in applying concepts or principles %, 85% communication skills, 84 question asking skills, and 79% hypothesized skills. The research findings indicate that there is a significant increase in 82.8%.
Arrhythmias in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease: a Modern View of the Problem
Authors: Stychynskyi O. S. , Almiz P. O. , Topchii A. V. , Petkanych M. M. , Lazoryshynets V. V.
Published: January 2020

Thanks to the successes of modern cardiac surgery, more and more patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) reach adulthood, with approximately one in four having various heart rhythm disturbances. Their causes are both the CHD themselves and the consequences of surgical or interventional intervention. Arrhythmias in this category of patients worsen the quality of life, lead to serious complications, and can cause sudden cardiac death. The paper summarizes and analyzes current trends and recommendations of the world’s leading specialized communities for the management of patients with congenital heart disease with cardiac arrhythmias.

The article reflects approaches to the management and monitoring of this category of patients, including asymptomatic ones. The necessity of early detection of arrhythmia and the involvement of a team of specialists in specialized centers for the development of tactics and treatment after surgical correction is justified. Also discussed are the issues of indications for electrophysiological research and its feasibility, the possibility and effectiveness of catheter destruction, the need for continuous drug therapy, indications for implantation of artificial pacemakers and cardioverter-defibrillators. The paper also reflects the question of various mechanisms of the development of arrhythmia in patients after surgical correction of congenital heart defects, as well as highlighted the possible ways of preventing arrhythmogenesis in patients after surgical correction.
Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmias in Patients with Ebstein’s Anomaly
Authors: Stychynskyi O. S. , Almiz P. O. , Topchii A. V. , Plyska N. V. , Pokanevich A. V. , Kovalchuk A. V.
Published: January 2020

The paper analyzes the experience of catheter treatment of various types of supraventricular arrhythmias in patients with Ebstein’s abnormality (EA) – 19 consecutive cases of the elimination of additional atrioventricular connections (AAVC) and 5 cases of atrial macro-reentry. The elimination of AAVC, just like atrial macroreentry, was preceded by a stage of electrophysiological diagnosis. In a series of observations in 19 patients with EA, 25 AAVC were detected. The article reflects the main electrophysiological differences between “wide” AAVC from multiple ones. In the first procedure, the conduction in all AAVC was eliminated in 16 (84.2%) of 19 patients. 6 of 25 AAVC were qualified by us as “wide”; to eliminate them, a larger number of applications was required – 6 ± 2 (in typical cases – 3 ± 1). In 2 of 3 patients with an unsatisfactory result of the first procedure, AAVC were eliminated during the second procedure. In the long-term period(5.6 ± 3.6 years), recurrences of propagation through AAVC occurred in 2 (10.5%) of 19 patients. All AAVC were permanently eliminated during second procedure. In the group of patients with atrial tachycardia, 3 had a graph characteristic of a typical isthmus-dependent atrial flutter. In one patient with atypical graphics, macro-reentry with excitation circulation around the scar on the anterolateral wall of the right atrium was found. In 3 of 4 patients with isthmus-dependent atrial flutter after radiofrequency exposure, the sinus rhythm was restored and a block of passage through the cavotricuspid isthmus was created. In one case there were changes in the cycle of tachycardia and the morphology of wave P, applying applications between the scar and the tricuspid valve ring led to the creation of a block of passage through this area and to the cessation of arrhythmia. In a patient who initially had reentry with a circulation of excitement around the postoperative scar, arrhythmia was eliminated in a similar way (an additional block was created through the cavotricuspid isthmus). In the observation period of 5.2 ± 2.5 years, there were no recurrences of arrhythmia.
Hemşirelik Birinci Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Palyatif Bakımda İlk Klinik Uygulama Deneyimleri
Authors: AKIN KORHAN Esra , YILDIRIM Duygu , ÖZÇİFTÇİ Seçil , TOKEM Yasemin
Published: January 2020

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, hemşirelik bölümü birinci sınıf öğrencilerinin palyatif bakım ünitesindeki deneyimlerini incelemektir.Yöntem: Çalışma, nitel araştırma yöntemleri kapsamında yer alan fenomenoloji deseni kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemini, araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden öğrencilerden amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden olan benzeşik (homojen) örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak belirlenmiş yedi öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Çalışmanın gerçekleştirilmesi için gerekli izinler alınmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin toplanmasında “Öğrenci Tanıtım Formu” ve “Yarı Yapılandırılmış Görüşme Formu” kullanılmıştır. Görüşmeler ortalama 45 dakika sürmüştür. Görüşmelerin ses kayıtları araştırmacılar tarafından çözümlenmek üzere belgelenmiş, elde edilen verilere onları açıklayabilecek kavramlara ve ilişkilere ulaşmak amacıyla araştırmacı tarafından içerik analizi  uygulanmıştır.Bulgular: Araştırma kapsamına alınan yedi hemşirelik birinci sınıf öğrencisinden dördü kız, üçü erkektir ve yaş ortalaması 20,57’dir. Verilerin içerik analizi doğrultusunda “hastaya ilişkin deneyimler”, “hemşirelik girişimlerine ilişkin deneyimler”, “yaşama ilişkin deneyimler” ve “hemşirelik mesleği algısına ilişkin deneyimler” olmak üzere dört tema belirlenmiştir. Temalar doğrultusunda ise “korku, umutsuzluk, ümitsizlik, öfke, zorluk, acı çekme, zamanın değerliliği, umut aşılama, mesleki özerkliğin anlamı, hemşire anahtar rol, insan onuru koruyucusu” olmak üzere 11 alt tema saptanmıştır.Sonuç: Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin ilk klinik deneyimlerini yaşadıkları palyatif bakımda hasta kavramına ve mesleklerine ilişkin yaşadıkları deneyimlerden, hastaların bağımlılık düzeylerinin yüksek oluşu ve hastaların içinde bulundukları tedavi ve bakım sürecinin hassasiyetine ilişkin düşünsel derinlik yaşadıkları ortaya konmuştur.
Efficacy of Pulmonary Exercises in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: SADE İlgın , ŞİRİNTAŞ Esin , İNANIR Murat , ÇEKMECE Çiğdem , BAŞYİĞİT İlknur
Published: January 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the
effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation on respiratory parameters, aerobic
exercise capacity, quality of life and psychological status of the patients
with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The addition of aerobic
exercise on pulmonary exercises was also evaluated to provide further
improvements on these parameters.

Methods: Sixty-five patients were randomly assigned to carry
out pulmonary exercise, combined (respiratory plus aerobics) and, a control
groups. Demographic characteristics were noted. Respiratory function tests,
maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax) and maximal expiratory pressure (PEmax)
values and, exercise tolerance test (ETT) were assessed. Medical Research
Council (MRC) dyspnea scale, body mass index (B), airway obstruction (O),
dyspnea scale (D), exersice capacity (E) (BODE)  index, Short Form 36 (SF-36), and Saint George
Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) obtained from each patient were recorded
before the treatment, and after the 8-week treatment.

Results: After the treatment significant increases were
found in forced expiratory volume-one second (FEV1),  FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio, PImax,
PEmax values in pulmonary and combined exercise groups, and FVC, vital capacity
(VC) values in combined exercise group (p<0.05
for all parameters). Statistical differences were observed in both exercise
groups regarding MRC Dyspnea score, Maksimum Equivalent Task (MET)  values, SGRQ and some parameters of SF-36 (p<0.05 for all parameters). In the
control group no noticeable difference was observed in any of the parameters.
After treatment there was no difference between pulmonary and combined exercise
group in any parameters (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Both pulmonary and combined exercise programs
improved exercise capacity, dyspnea, and the life quality of the COPD patients.
The History of Vilnius Old Jewish Cemetery at Šnipiškės in the Period of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Authors: Meilus Elmantas
Published: January 2020

The recent international outcry concerning an old Jewish cemetery once again being destroyed in a former suburb of Vilnius, namely Šnipiškės (nowadays in the very centre of the city), forces us to revise the history of its origin and development in the period of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Summarizing the history of the cemetery, one plausible conclusion is that the cemetery was established on state-owned land in the jurisdiction of the Castle possibly in the late fifteenth century and the first reliable historical data goes back to the late sixteenth century in relation to tax exemptions. A comparison of historical, cartographic and archaeological data permits to make a valid assumption that the oldest burials from the second half of the sixteenth century were located in the south-western and central section of the cemetery based on the layout of 1808 (in the area between the Sports Hall and swimming pool built in the Soviet period). The cemetery developed gradually by acquiring separate state land plots belonging to the Castle Authority (Horodnictwo) and Forestry Authority (Derewnictwo) which were rented by different persons and by taking over payment of the taxes and fees they used to pay. The general situation of the cemetery at that period was marked in the plan from the Fürstenhof collection, drafted in approximately 1730. The Jewish cemetery was combined into one mas out of separate plots around 1790 in listing the urban possessions (land plots). Such situation was reflected in the layout of 1808 (possession no. 1116).
The COllision of Definition and Identity : on the Social Status of Lithuanian Karaim in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Bairašauskaitė Tamara
Published: January 2020

In the nineteenth century the Karaim community of Lithuania was attributed to the non-Christian burgher estate, and laws set to the Jewish community were applicable to the Karaim as well. However, the authorities saw the difference between the two communities with respect to morality and ethics and consequently rendered the Karaim certain social and economic freedoms.

The Karaim community, living in Trakai and Naujamiestis, Panevėžys district, sought to retrieve its former legal and social status, formed in the period of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania between the fourteenth and eighteenth centuries. For over half a century it maintained contacts with the authorities asking and sometimes even requiring more favourable conditions for its existence, retention of its distinctiveness and the right to preserve its collective identity. This dialogue resulted in a sort of compromise. The Karaims were not accorded the desired special status that would have made them equal to other privileged estates. Nevertheless, they were separated legally from the Jews, they acquired the rights of the Christian burgher community and their priests enjoyed the rights of Christian clergy.
National Self-Determination, as Understood by Lenin and the Bolsheviks
Authors: Mark Rudolf A.
Published: January 2020

The article gives an abridged introduction to the genesis of the term ‘right to self-determination’ from the mid-nineteenth century. It also illustrates the term’s usage before and after the Bolshevik Revolution. The right to self-determination played a crucial role in the political discourse of socialist parties in Central and Eastern Europe on the eve of World War One. The Bolsheviks made use of the term as a slogan to fight imperialism and to make non-Russian nationalities side with the Soviet project of establishing the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
Self-Determination at the Beginning of 1918 and the German Reaction
Authors: Rust Christian
Published: January 2020

This paper examines the role of the principle of self-determination in German diplomacy and domestic debate until a peace treaty between the Central Powers and Russia was concluded in March 1918. We will first look at the position of the German government and of the Supreme Command. Thereafter we analyse the role of self-determination as expressed in the peace proposals by President Wilson and Lloyd George, both of them reacting to the Soviet initiative and challenging the German position. In the end the focus is directed to the Reichstag parties, especially the Reichstag majority, and their understanding of self-determination.
Has the Soviet Experiment Truly Come to an End? Historiography, Places of Memory and the Political Elite
Authors: Švedas Aurimas
Published: January 2020

This article raises the question of whether the party and political elite in Soviet times succeeded in making a significant impact on the mentality of Lithuanian society, and aims to assess the forms of specific phenomena or processes through which the results of the above mentioned attempts are still apparent after the restoration of independence. Consideration of these points is focused on the discussion of several specific problems lying in the spheres of historical writing and historical memory as well as socio-political factors: 1) the transformations of the great story of Lithuania and the Lithuanians in Soviet and post-Soviet times; 2) the specific features of the ‘places of memory’ of Lithuanian society created in Soviet times and transferred into a different socio-political period; 3) the ideological forms of the identity of the Lithuanian political elite in Soviet times and after the restoration of independence.
Stipendiaries of the Calvinist Church of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and its Synod in Foreign Universities in the 17th Century
Authors: Lukšaitė Ingė
Published: January 2020

The article analyses the organisation of higher education by the Calvinist Church of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Unitas Lituaniae) in the 17th century, in the period of the weakening of the Reformation, covering the first half of the 17th century, and the second half of the century, when Evangelicals became a religious minority. Research reveals that the education of young people at foreign universities was funded by private means, collected in the districts and accumulated by the Synod. This article also investigates the formation of the institution of international alumni at the Synod of the Calvinist Church, which became part of the system of education of that Church. The stipendiaries had to make up for the financial aid by working at locations assigned by the Synod. The continuous operation of the institute of international alumni at the Synod for more than a century permitted cultural contacts and simultaneously promoted the infusion of new ideas into the evolution of Lithuanian culture. The most important of the latter included the formation of groups of clergymen and school teachers with a university education; the nurturing of Adomas Rasijus’ (ca 1575–1627/8) projects for the adjustment of the social structure and the refinement of the education system in Lithuania by the establishment of academic grammar schools for the nobility and merchants from Lithuania with special syllabi; the encouragement of S.B. Chylinski to translate the Bible into Lithuanian in the middle of the 17th century in Franeker and London; understanding the importance of the Lithuanian language as a written language and the language of the Holy Scripture; the possibility to get acquainted with the translation, text and commentaries of the Dutch Statenbijbel; the encouragement to complete the translation of the New Testament into the Lithuanian language and publish it in 1701; planning the translation of a commentary to the Dutch Statenbijbel into Polish.
Forms of Coercion in Peaceful Christian Missions
Authors: Ščavinskas Marius
Published: January 2020

The article analyses forms of coercion employed in so-called peaceful Christian missions. Two forms of coercion are distinguished: social, implemented by the ruler towards his subjects, and political, imposed by a conqueror. However, the fact that on certain occasions missionaries employed both social and political forms of coercion is also taken into consideration. These occasions were cases when missionaries who faced a polarised nobility lacking a strong political leader (the nobility and/or the ruler would be the backbone of a successful mission) would undertake the formation of political structures, thus absorbing secular functions as well. This happened to the first bishops who worked among the Prussians and Livonians (Christian, Meinhard, Berthold and Albert). On the other hand, the analysis revealed that peaceful missions, as they have been perceived in historiography, contained certain forms of coercion defined by the term ‘social coercion’. Thus the logical question arises: what kind of missions can be qualified as military/coercive which in historiography are most frequently named ‘Schwertmission’? The article suggests the conclusion that, in their nature, Schwertmission were different from the so-called ‘sword missions’, yet were loaded with social coercion. Hence, Schwertmission and Crusade are not identical concepts, though they are still used as such in historiography.
The Appearance of the Hippocentaur in the Heraldry of the Nobility of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Authors: Railaitė-Bardė Agnė
Published: January 2020

The Centaur or Hippocentaur in the heraldry of the nobility of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania has been little investigated. This theme is a not yet fully exhausted granary of heraldic studies, which, due to the lack of primary sources, raises more questions than it has answers for scholars. The question of where and in what way the Centaur, which later turned into a Hippocentaur, appeared in the heraldry of the nobility of the GDL remains a blank spot in historiography. This article discusses the history and symbolism of centaurs, analyses the Centaur family described in Lithuania’s chronicles, investigates the assumptions for the selection of the Alšėniškis coat of arms, the transformation of the Centaur to the Hippocentaur, and the appearance of the Hippocentaur coat of arms in the heraldry of the Giedraitis in the 16th century. The concepts of the Centaur, Hippocentaur, Kitauras and archer (Sagittarius) are revised.
The Topic of Health in the Letters of Grand Duke Vytautas of Lithuania and his Contemporaries
Authors: Čapaitė Rūta
Published: January 2020

The paper discusses information relating to health matters in the letters of Grand Duke Vytautas and his correspondents. Whose health (the rank of the person) do these letters discuss and why were they written? What news and in what form were they submitted (e.g. how were diseases or symptoms described)? Do the letters have information directly related to medical treatment? The information in the letters is supplemented by data from the expenditure books of the treasurer of the Teutonic Order, and chronicle accounts.
Whatever Kind of Pagan the Bearer Might be, The Letter is Valid. A Sketch of Catholicorthodox Relations in the Late-Mediaeval Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Authors: Rowell S.C.
Published: January 2020

This article examines relationships between Catholic and Orthodox Christians in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania at the turn of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. It stresses the robust policies of Catholic and Orthodox prelates and nobles towards one another and especially towards the Unionist Ruthenians, who sought to maintain their liturgical and hierarchical identity while recognising the primacy of the bishop of Rome. By contrast in personal situations Catholics and Orthodox were willing to cooperate on practical matters (usually concerning family property or community business). In Vilnius victories over national enemies (Tatar or Muscovite) were celebrated in monumental architecture by both communities. Evidence from consistory courts in Lutsk and Gniezno, and ecclesiastical emoluments in the Diocese of Vilnius reveal cooperation between both communities at a family and parish level could exist.
Real Wages of Lithuanian Construction Workers from 1913 to 1939 (Measured in Subsistence and Welfare Ratios) in a Cross-National Comparison
Authors: Norkus Zenonas , Ambrulevičiūtė Aelita , Markevičiūtė Jurgita
Published: January 2020

This article provides two comparisons: (1) a cross-time comparison of real wages of skilled and unskilled workers in Kaunas before the First World War and during the interwar period; and (2) a cross-national quantitative comparison of the wages of unskilled workers in Kaunas and the capital cities of most European countries during the same period. For the second comparison, we use the findings of researchers who applied Robert C. Allen’s methodology of real wage estimation. In this methodology, the wages of unskilled construction workers (known in interwar Lithuania as zimagoras) are used as proxies for the wages of unskilled urban workers, and those of construction site carpenters provide a sample for skilled workers’ wages. Real wages are measured in subsistence and welfare ratios, indicating the distances separating the purchasing power of wages from the subsistence level of a single worker (subsistence ratio = 1 meaning absolute poverty) or his family (welfare ratio = 1 meaning absolute poverty). Subsistence or absolute poverty levels are defined by regionally adjusted (to variations in survival needs) minimum consumption baskets. The main findings are: (1) although during the first decade of independence (in the 1920s) the real wages of unskilled construction workers in Kaunas were lower than in 1913, by 1938 they had markedly surpassed the pre-First World War level; (2) in no year with available data did the real wages of unskilled construction workers in Kaunas fall below the absolute poverty level; (3) the real wages of skilled construction workers in Kaunas had markedly surpassed the pre-First World War level even before the Great Depression in the early 1930s, and remained above this level even in the worst years of the depression; (4) the real wages of skilled and unskilled construction workers in Kaunas in 1913 were no lower than in metropolitan centres of the Russian Empire; (5) in the period 1927 to 1929, the wages of unskilled construction workers in Kaunas were lower than in Moscow, but largely surpassed Russian wages in the 1930s, when Stalin’s policy of industrialisation forced them below the subsistence level; (6) the real wages of unskilled construction workers in Kaunas in the 1930s surpassed those in Riga and Tallinn. While this finding is surprising, it concurs with earlier (2007) findings by Gediminas Vaskela, who compared the mean wages of workers and employees in the Baltic countries in the period 1938 to 1940.
Between National and Indigenous Communism. Some Broad Brushtrokes in the Political Biography of Justas Paleckis: 1944–1953
Authors: Sirutavičius Vladas
Published: January 2020

The article discusses the activities during the period of late Stalinism of Justas Paleckis, the chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of Soviet Lithuania. The paper puts forward the premise that from 1944 to 1953, Paleckis balanced between indigenous (local) communism and attitudes characteristic of some Central European national communists. To be more precise, he tried to emphasise the specifics of the historical development of Lithuania, and its differences from other Soviet republics, in which the formation of the Soviet regime started earlier. According to him, its tradition of statehood made Lithuania a unique republic, and this circumstance should be taken into account when making Lithuania Soviet. Paleckis was convinced that in order to make Soviet rule more attractive to the Lithuanians, it was necessary to cooperate with the nation’s cultural elite, that is, with the interwar Lithuanian intelligentsia. In his writings and speeches, he tried to merge organically the liberation of the Lithuanian nation from the ‘yoke’ of the exploiters, with the no less important liberation from the ‘national yoke’ or national revival of the Lithuanians. Social and national ‘liberation’, according to him, was crowned with the establishment of the socialist order in Lithuania. This ‘organic’ understanding of history was characteristic of other national communists in Central Europe. Finally, Paleckis tried to incorporate national elements into the system of symbols in Soviet Lithuania. The Lithuanianisation of symbols of Soviet rule was meant to strengthen the legitimacy of the authorities. However, this analysis shows that the Lithuanian Party leadership did not support Paleckis’ ideas and efforts. He was often strongly criticised in communist forums. It can be argued that in the period of late Stalinism, the ‘window of opportunity’ for national communism in Lithuania was finally closed. Tendencies towards unification and Russification became increasingly prevalent in politics. Thus, in this political-cultural context, Paleckis represented the type of communist that could be called an indigenous Lithuanian communist.
Japanese species of Alternaria and their species boundaries based on host range
Authors: Nishikawa J. , Nakashima C.
Published: January 2020

To clarify the diversity of plant-parasitic Alternaria species in Japan, diseased samples were collected, and fungal isolates established in culture. We examined 85 isolates representing 23 species distributed in 14 known sections based on conidial morphology and DNA phylogeny.
Three species were found to be new, A. cylindrica, A. paragomphrenae and A. triangularis. Furthermore, a lectotype was designated for A. gomphrenae, and epitypes for A. cinerariae, A. gomphrenae, A. iridicola, and A.
japonica. Species boundaries of isolates were also clarified by studying phenotypes and determining host ranges. Alternaria gomphrenae and related species in sect. Alternantherae were recognized as distinct species owing to their host specificity. Among the species infecting
Apiaceae, the pathogenicity of A. cumini and a novel species, A. triangularis ex Bupleurum, were confirmed as host specific. Another novel species, A. cylindrica, proved to be host specific to Petunia. Alternaria iridicola
was recognized as a large-spored species in sect. Alternaria, being host specific to Iris spp. On the other hand, the experimental host ranges of three morphologically and phylogenetically distinct species infecting Brassicaceae (A. brassicae, A.
brassicicola, and A. japonica) showed almost no differences. Alternaria brassicicola and A. porri were even found on non-host plants. In general, host ranges of Alternaria species correlated with morphology and molecular phylogeny, and combining
these datasets resulted in clearer species boundaries.
Christmas and new Year celebration in Czechoslovakia in the late 1940s - mid-1950s (based on the Rudé Právo newspaper)
Authors: Prystupa Natallia
Published: January 2020

The article deals with the process of creating a new festive culture in Czechoslovakia after the communist coup d’état. The analysis of the topics presented on the pages of Rudé právo helps to show how Christmas celebrations, which had a long tradition in Czechoslovakia, began to be incorporated into a new framework of values, and also that New Year celebrations gradually acquired their own heroes, rules and norms. Attention is also paid to the selection of gifts and the festive meal preparations of the Czechs and Slovaks which were carried out in a difficult socio-economic situation in the country. Also analysed is the assistance - from the state, state-owned enterprises, public organisations and individual Czechoslovak citizens - to the most vulnerable segments of the population. The characteristics of the seasonal decorations of homes and city streets are examined. The place of Ded Moroz (Father Frost) in the festivities is determined. The article shows how new ideological attitudes and values, as well as the standard of living of the population are reflected in the Christmas and New Year celebrations.
State-run celebration of Liberation Day in Czechoslovakia (based on audiovisual sources)
Authors: Gimadeev Timur
Published: January 2020

The article deals with the history of celebrating the Liberation Day in Czechoslovakia organised by the state. Various aspects of the history of the holiday have been considered with the extensive use of audiovisual documents (materials from Czechoslovak newsreels and TV archives), which allowed for a detailed analysis of the propaganda representation of the holiday. As a result, it has been possible to identify the main stages of the historical evolution of the celebrations of Liberation Day, to discover the close interdependence between these stages and the country’s political development. The establishment of the holiday itself — its concept and the military parade as the main ritual — took place in the first post-war years, simultaneously with the consolidation of the Communist regime in Czechoslovakia. Later, until the end of the 1960s, the celebrations gradually evolved along the political regime, acquiring new ritual forms (ceremonial meetings, and “guards of memory”). In 1968, at the same time as there was an attempt to rethink the entire socialist regime and the historical experience connected with it, an attempt was made to reconstruct Liberation Day. However, political “normalisation” led to the normalisation of the celebration itself, which played an important role in legitimising the Soviet presence in the country. At this stage, the
role of ceremonial meetings and “guards of memory” increased, while inventions
released in time for 9 May appeared and “May TV” was specially produced. The
fall of the Communist regime in 1989 led to the fall of the concept of Liberation
Day on 9 May, resulting in changes of the title, date and paradigm of the holiday,
which became Victory Day and has been since celebrated on 8 May.
The Day of Remembrance of the “Cursed Soldiers”: commemorative practices in contemporary Poland
Authors: Lagno Anna
Published: January 2020

Since 1 March 2011 Poland has marked the National Day of Remembrance of the „Cursed Soldiers” (Narodowy Dzień Pamięci “Żołnierzy Wyklętych”) — members of the anti-Communist underground in the 1940s and 1950s who tried to prevent Poland’s sovietisation and subordination to the USSR. The idea of establishing such a state memorial day was expressed in 2010 by Lech Kaczyński, the then President of Poland and one of the leaders of the Law and Justice Party (L&J). During the debates on the Bill of the National Day of Remembrance in the Sejm, the deputies of the two main opposing parties voted in favour almost unanimously and the Senate approved it without making any changes. After President Bronisław Komorowski signed it on 1 March 2011, Poland acquired an additional state holiday. In 2015, after the Law and Justice Party won both the presidential and parliamentary elections, the issue of the „cursed soldiers” turned into one of the key questions in historical policy. The „Civic Platform” party, forced to move over to the opposition benches in parliament, sounded the alarm, accusing the L&J party of rewriting history and primitivising the image of the anti-Communist underground. Thus, the memory of the “cursed soldiers” transformed from an issue
that united political opponents to a topic for arguments and political struggle. The
article attempts to show how the L&J party used the preservation of the memory
of the “cursed soldiers” for its own political purposes, including its fight against
the opposition.
After the Bronze Night: 9 May in contemporary Estonia
Authors: Volodina Anastasia
Published: January 2020

The article deals with the transformation of the interpretation of 9 May in Estonia after the Bronze Night in Tallinn (2007) which was marked by sizeable clashes between Russian-speaking and Estonian youth. The celebration of Victory Day at the monument to the Unknown Soldier which had been moved outside the city centre and the march of the “Immortal Regiment” are seen as an attempt to compensate for the traumatic experience of the Russian-speaking population of Estonia. It is pointed out that the Bronze Soldier has acquired the meaning of a physical embodiment and a symbol of consolidation of the protest of the local Russians who are defending their right to historical memory. The article notes the painful reaction of the Estonian population to the celebration of 9 May which is
perceived as a threat of social unrest among the Russian minority and questioning
the sovereignty of the whole country
The Day of Bulgarian Liberation from Ottoman Rule: Commemorative Practices in the Political Context of the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries
Authors: Simov Mikhail
Published: January 2020

rule. Against the present geopolitical situation on the Balkans and in the context of Bulgarian-Russian relations, 3 March — the day when the San Stefano Peace Treaty of 1878 was signed which is also Bulgaria’s national holiday — customarily precipitates political comments and controversial statements of government officials. While Bulgarian-Russian political relations in the last quarter of the nineteenth century were rather complicated, they became the backdrop of the shaping of the tradition of celebrating the Liberation Day; the commemorative activities and interpretation of the day’s significance were closely interwoven with the political trends and the ambitions of the governments in Sofia. The paper examines the process of establishing the tradition of celebrating the Liberation Day
in Bulgaria in the context of the dynamics of the Bulgarian-Russian political relations in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century
Dimensional analysis in relativity and in differential geometry
Authors: Porta Mana PierGianLuca
Published: January 2020

This note provides a short guide to dimensional analysis in Lorentzian and general relativity and in differential geometry. It tries to revive Dorgelo and Schouten's notion of 'intrinsic' or 'absolute' dimension of a tensorial quantity. The intrinsic dimension is independent of the dimensions of the coordinates and expresses the physical and operational meaning of a tensor. The dimensional analysis of several important tensors and tensor operations is summarized. In particular it is shown that the components of a tensor need not have all the same dimension, and that the Riemann (once contravariant and thrice covariant), Ricci (twice covariant), and Einstein (twice covariant) curvature tensors are dimensionless. The relation between dimension and operational meaning for the metric and stress-energy-momentum tensors is discussed; and the possible conventions for the dimensions of these two tensors and of Einstein's constant $\kappa$, including the curious possibility $\kappa = 8\pi G$ without $c$ factors, are reviewed.
administrasi dan supervisi pendidikan
Authors: aprilaukhti
Published: January 2020

Administration is an educational institution which is a major source of management in regulating the teaching and learning process in an orderly manner so as to achieve the most important objectives of the educational institution.
administrasi peserta didik
Authors: aprilaukhti
Published: January 2020

students are the main components in the administration of education because students are objects that are developed in the process of education. in this article will explain how the process of implementing good educational administration and as expected
administrasi keuangan
Authors: aprilaukhti
Published: January 2020

a good school is a school that has good administration because in the administration of financial administration schools are a component that determines how education is organized, if the administration of a financial administration education institution falls apart then school management will also become chaotic. therefore the reader is expected to be able to understand how a good school financial administration
Administrasi Sarana dan Prasarana
Authors: Hamini Haisya
Published: January 2020

Administration of educational facilities and infrastructure is very supportive of the achievement of an objective of education, as a person who is personally educated, we are required to master and understand the administration of facilities and infrastructure, to increase effective and efficient work power and be able to appreciate the work ethics of fellow personal education, so that harmony, comfort that can lead to pride and a sense of belonging from both the school community and the surrounding community. The educational environment will be positive or negative depends on maintaining the administration of the facilities and infrastructure itself.The availability of adequate facilities and infrastructure of good quality, is needed by every organization everywhere in carrying out its activities to achieve the expected goals. Without the facilities and infrastructure, it is impossible to achieve the objectives.
administrasi pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan
Authors: aprilaukhti
Published: January 2020

administration of educators and education staff is an administration that discusses how the procurement process up to the process of dismissal of educators and education staff .and here explained how to supply educators and education staff as well as how they work
MEMAHAMI JARINGAN KOMPUTER UNTUK MEMBANGUN LAN DI DINAS KESEHATAN PROVINSI RIAU
Authors: Yuda Gilang Bimantara
Published: January 2020

Jaringan Komputer mempelajari hubungan antara 2 komputer atau lebih yang terhubung dengan media transmisi kabel atau tanpa kabel (wireless). Tiap komputer, printer atau periferal yang terhubung dalam jaringan disebut dengan ”node”. Sebuah jaringan komputer sekurang-kurangnya terdiri dari dua unit komputer atau lebih, dapat berjumlah puluhan komputer, ribuan atau bahkan jutaan node yang saling terhubung satu sama lain. Hampir setiap harinya pekerjaan kantor Dinas Kesehatan Prov.Riau selalu di hubungkan dengan komputer yang saling berbagi data untuk kebutuhan administrasi di kantor tersebut.Semua itu tidak lepas dari kemajuan teknologi masa kini yang mempermudah semua pekerjaan-pekerjaan yang ada di dalam lingkungan kantor khususnya pembuatan jaringan LAN (Local Area Network).
Teknik supervisi
Authors: atika nurul
Published: January 2020

Abstrak- In general, this study aims to determine and analyze supervision techniques. This research uses the literature study method by collecting literature (material materials) sourced from books, journals, and other sources related to the science of Educational Administration. The supervision process is a series of activities that are carried out when conducting supervision. According to the Education Management Specialist Team (2004: 53) in general the process of supervision is carried out through three stages: Planning activities. refer to the problem identification activity. The steps carried out in supervision planning are: (1) Collecting data through class visits, personal meetings or staff meetings, (2) Processing data by correcting the truth of the data collected, (3) Classifying data according to problem areas, ( 4) Draw conclusions about the target problem in accordance with the actual situation, (5) Establish appropriate techniques used to improve or enhance the professionalism of Educators. Implementation, implementation activities are real activities carried out to improve or enhance the ability of Educators. Implementation activities are activities providing assistance from supervisors to Educators, so that they can be carried out effectively the implementation must be in accordance with the plan that has been determined and there is a follow up to see the success of the process and the results of the supervision. Evaluation, Evaluation activities are activities to examine the success of the process and the results of the supervision. Evaluation is carried out comprehensively. The aim of the supervision evaluation is for all people involved in the supervision process. The results of the supervision evaluation will be used as a guide.
administrasi pendidikan
Authors: aprilaukhti
Published: January 2020

— Educational administration at the level of government is good central and regional related to the education budget, curriculum standards, labor standards, school accreditation, and service needs of schools as formal education and non-formal education that is education outside of school and official education.
hubungan sekolah dengan masyarakat
Authors: aprilaukhti
Published: January 2020

school and community are two inseparable things, because school is a place that helps to educate people to be clear and character, and also the school will not develop if there is no community that supports and encourages the school
Tugas
Authors: erdiansah Diky
Published: January 2020

Tugas uji coba web server
Administrasi Kurikulum
Authors: Hamini Haisya
Published: January 2020

This article aims to explain about curriculum administration. curriculum administration aims to assist teachers in the implementation of learning because one aspect that influences the success of national education is the curriculum aspect. The curriculum is one component that has a strategic role in the education system. The curriculum is a system of learning programs to achieve institutional goals in educational institutions, so that the curriculum plays an important role in creating quality schools. The existence of several renewal programs in the field of national education is one of the efforts to prepare the Indonesian nation and people who are able to develop a stable democratic life in entering the current era of globalization and information.
administrasi sarana dan prasarana
Authors: aprilaukhti
Published: January 2020

the administration of facilities and infrastructure is a supporting component that is very influential in the delivery of education. because the facilities and infrastructure as a tool that supports learning and teaching at school. in the administration of these facilities and infrastructure, the procurement of goods takes a very long process to go through so that the needed goods are available. therefore it is hoped that the readers will know more about how the process of procuring an item after reading this article
Konsep Dasar Administrasi Pendidikan
Authors: Pradana Randa Wahyudi
Published: January 2020

Administrative activity is an effort to control a series of educational activities directed at achieving the educational goals to be achieved by the cooperative group that organizes educational efforts. Thus the administration of education is not an educational activity, but rather is an activity of controlling a series of educational activities to take place effectively and efficiently in achieving predetermined goals.
Administrasi Keuangan
Authors: Hamini Haisya
Published: January 2020

In organizing education, finance and financing is a very decisive potential and an inseparable part in the study of education administration and management. The financing and financial component at the level of the education unit is a production component that determines the process of implementing teaching and learning activities in schools along with other components. In other words, every activity undertaken by the school requires funds, whether realized or not. so that finance can be structured properly, it is necessary to have an administration in its management so that there is a person in charge.
Intentional binding coincides with explicit sense of agency
Authors: Imaizumi Shu , Tanno Yoshihiko
Published: January 2020

Sense of agency, a feeling of generating actions and events by oneself, stems from action–outcome congruence. An implicit marker of sense of agency is intentional binding, which is compression of subjective temporal interval between action and outcome. We investigated relationships between intentional binding and explicit sense of agency. Participants pressed a key triggering auditory (Experiment 1) or visual outcome (Experiment 2) that occurred after variable delays. In each trial, participants rated their agency over the outcome and estimated the keypress–outcome temporal interval. Results showed that delays decreased agency ratings and intentional binding. There was inter-individual correlation between sensitivities to outcome delay (i.e., regression slope) of agency rating and intentional binding in the auditory but not visual domain. Importantly, we found intra-individual correlations between agency rating and intentional binding on a trial-by-trial basis in both outcome modalities. These results suggest that intentional binding coincides with explicit sense of agency.
Undergraduates at a Research University Think of Faculty as Teachers and that Teaching is Prestigious
Authors: Morling Beth , Lee Jeong Min
Published: January 2020

What do university students understand about faculty work? Undergraduate (mostly first-year) students (N = 317) at a research university gave definitions of tenure, estimated how much time faculty spend teaching, and rated fictional faculty members. Students could define tenure but could not describe how it is earned or its role in academic freedom. Students overestimated the time faculty spend on teaching and underestimated time spent on research. Finally, students who assumed that fictional faculty taught more courses also assumed they had higher status. By comparison, faculty respondents (N = 645) who read the same fictional descriptions assumed higher teaching loads went with lower status markers. As they acculturate to life at a research university, first-year students could benefit from learning about faculty research roles and the value of academic freedom