bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic gain and morpho-physiological characterisation of BILs (Backcross inbred lines) under different moisture regimes in wheat (Triticum aestivum. L)
Authors: Manu B. , Kumara P. Shashi , Biradar Sunil , Phuke Rahul , Ambati Divya , Sai Prasad S. V. , Mishra P. C. , Mishra K.,  K. , . Harikrishna , Jain Neelu , Singh P. K. , Singh G. P. , Prabhu K. V.
Published: June 2021

Drought stress is one of the major yield limiting factors in realising the full genetic potential of wheat. In the present study, backcross inbred line population derived from GW322*2/ HI1500 was characterized for different morpho-physiological traits and grain yield under rainfed and irrigated conditions. Principal component analysis revealed that first five components explained over 66.35 per cent of variation. Grain yield showed significant correlation with biomass and physiological traits viz., NDVI2, NDVI3, NDVI5, CT2, CT3 and CT4. The analysis of variance on grain yield data showed that mean squares of environments, genotypes and GEI were highly significant (p 0.01). To determine effects of GEI on grain yield, data were subjected to AMMI and GGE biplot analysis, which identified BILs G20, G2, G254, G214, G44 and G64 as the most stable and high yielding. Based on Smith selection index expected genetic gain for grain yield at 5% was 131.01gm/plot. Hence, selecting genotypes based on morpho-physiological traits will be rewarding under moisture depleting environment.
Study on dispersion of genetic variation among Indian garlic ecotypes using agro morphological traits
Authors: Benke Ashwini Prashant , Khar Anil , Mahajan Vijay , Gupta Amarjeet , Singh Major
Published: June 2021

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) a clonally propagated bulbous crop, is of high medicinal value owing to its sulphur-containing compounds. Although asexually propagated, garlic depicts wide genetic diversity in agro-morphological traits and biochemical composition. A study was conducted to dissect the extent of genetic divergence among 625 Indian garlic genotypes considering 21 agro-morphological traits. Pooled analysis exhibited significant variation among accessions for various morphological traits. Ward’s clustering method clustered germplasm collection into three distinct groups. Clustering pattern did not correspond with geographical origin of accessions. Strong and positive correlation of marketable yield with plant weight with leaves (r = 0.83), plant weight without leaves (r = 0.84), average bulb weight (r = 0.50), plant height (r = 0.58), pseudostem length (r = 0.59), number of leaves (r = 0.54) and weight of fifty cloves (r = 0.49) was recorded. These traits will be useful for direct selection in crops like garlic. Principal Component analysis minimised 21 components up to 12 vectors which measured nearly 90% variation. Conservation of such vital and diverse garlic genotype is prerequisite to assure successful selection breeding programme.
Inter and intra population diversity analysis in toria (Brassica rapa L.) using SSR marker
Authors: Phukan Aradhana , Barua P. K. , Sarma R. N. , Borah N.
Published: June 2021

Six popular toria (Brassica rapa L.) lines of Assam were used to determine the intra and inter populations diversity using SSR markers. Application of 39, 28 loci SSR loci revealed a total of 80 alleles. The SSR marker BRMS-029 had the highest PIC value in each population. Genetic diversity within individuals was high and accounted for 86% of the total variation, while among population variation was accounting for 13%. So, intra population diversity was found higher than the inter population diversity. The population M27 showed the highest number of alleles (2.128), highest number of effective alleles (1.592), Shanon information index (0.463), expected heterozygosity (0.275) and unbiased expected heterozygosity (0.282) indicating the presence of more heterozygotes in the population. The dendogram showed three distinct populations (TS 36, TS 38 and Jeuti) among the six populations and other three populations are slightly overlapping indicating gene flow. The high genetic diversity within cultivars of B. rapa is required to avoid inbreeding and to enable high yield. This study provided a new insight into the exploitation of the genetically diverse toria lines as potential resources for future breeding programs.
Development of a red rice variety with excellent health properties and attractive grain qualities
Authors: Abeysiriwardena D. Sumith de Z. , Gunasekara D. C.S.
Published: June 2021

A fragrant long grain red rice variety named ‘Red Fragrant’ where excellent health properties are combined with attractive grain qualities has been developed in Sri Lanka. It has attractive grain qualities similar to ‘Basmathi’ rice. Low glycemic index (47), high antioxidant properties and high contents of protein, dietary fiber and vitamin B in the grain are its health properties. The variety is high yielding with high head grain percentage making it commercially viable.
Stability analysis for seed longevity in landraces of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]
Authors: Kannababu N. , Pattanayak R. , Elangovan M. , Avinash S. , Das I. K. , Tonapi Vilas A.
Published: June 2021

Seed longevity in sorghum is a major determinant in seed production and germplasm preservation. Forty-six local landraces representing nine genetic races of sorghum were evaluated under accelerated aging and natural storage conditions to study the genotype-environment interactions and the stability of landraces for seed longevity. Genotype-environment interactions were highly significant indicating the influence of storage conditions on seed longevity. The stability of landraces was estimated using mean (xi), regression coefficient (bi) and regression deviation (S2di). Environmental indices for the seed longevity traits were high in E1 (fresh seed) followed by E2 (accelerated aged seeds), E3 (stored seeds for 12 months) and E4 (stored seeds for 24 months). Seven sorghum landraces viz., IC-345729 (Bicolor), IC-347571 (Caudatum), IC-347577 (Durra), IC-345244 (Durra), IC-415803 (Durra), IC-415822 (Durra bicolor) and IC-415829 (Guinea bicolor) were stable for seed longevity. These genotypes are therefore, recommended for use in further breeding to improve seed longevity in sorghum, which otherwise is generally poor.
Relationship of root aquaporin genes, OsPIP1;3, OsPIP2;4, OsPIP2;5, OsTIP2;1 and OsNIP2;1 expression with drought tolerance in rice
Authors: Verma Harendra , Devi1 Kamalakshmi , Baruah Akhil Ranjan , Sarma Ramendra Nath
Published: June 2021

Aquaporins are channel proteins that facilitate the passive uptake and transport of water, ions, molecules and regulate the water balance at the plant level. Genes for aquaporins are important since they play a major role in water uptake. The present study was therefore conducted to assess the relationship of aquaporins predominantly expressed in roots in response to drought tolerance. Transcript abundance of five rice aquaporin genes (PIP2;5, PIP1;3, PIP2;4, TIP2;1 and NIP2;1) in five rice genotypes (Banglami, ARC 10372, Inglongkiri, Ranjit and IR 64) under well-watered and drought stress conditions were measured using qRT-PCR. Significant variation in PIP relative transcript abundance in roots was observed between varieties under both well-watered and drought stress conditions. In roots, the expression levels of most OsPIPs were found to be increased in drought stress conditions. OsPIP1;3, OsPIP2;5, OsTIP2;1 and OsNIP2;1 were upregulated more in upland (drought tolerant) rice and Ranjit lowland (moderately drought tolerant) genotypes than drought susceptible lowland IR-64 rice in drought stress conditions and downregulated/unchanged in well-irrigated conditions. The OsPIP genes were identified as candidate genes based on their high expression under drought stress situations and played a significant role in water uptake and root development under water stress conditions. A positive correlation was observed between fold increase in aquaporin expression and degree of drought tolerance which suggest that these aquaporins genes might play an important role in root development under water stress situation to overcome stress.
Colchicine-induced chromosome doubling in Pennisetum interspecific hybrids and its effect on plant morphology
Authors: Kaur Arshpreet , Kapoor Rahul , Vikal Yogesh , Kalia Anu
Published: June 2021

We report the production of hexaploid plants of interspecific hybrids of Pennisetum, with the ultimate aim to improve the biomass yield, drought tolerance and multicut behaviour of this genus. Chromosome doubling was achieved with the application of colchicine at three different concentrations (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2%) for two time durations (12 and 24 hours). The root slips and stem cuttings of interspecific hybrids were used for treatment and the root slips were found to be more efficient. The preliminary screening to select the putative hexaploid plant was done based on stomatal frequency and morphology. Plants containing significantly lower stomatal frequency and larger stomata size were selected for further analysis by chromosome counting. This experiment confirmed that 0.1% concentration of colchicine treatment to root slips for 24 hours was more effective to induce the amphiploids in Pennisetum.
Inheritance of fertility restoration of A4 cytoplasm in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]
Authors: Jorben J. , Singh S. P. , Satyavathi C. Tara , Sankar S. Mukesh , Bhat Jayant S. , Durgesh Kumar , Mallik M.
Published: June 2021

Present investigation was carried out to study the mode of inheritance of fertility restoration for A4 cytoplasm using pollen fertility and seed set per cent as criterion in determining the fertile and sterile plants. Two CMS lines of A4 cytoplasm were crossed with two fertility restorers generating four F1 crosses, namely, ICMA 99111 x PPMI 1003, ICMA 99111 x PPMI 1087, ICMA 03999 x PPMI 1003 and ICMA 03999 x PPMI 1087, their F2s and backcross generations. All the F1s were completely fertile indicating complete fertility restoration. F2s and backcross generations were evaluated at IARI, New Delhi and IARI Regional Centre, Dharwad during summer 2017 and χ 2 test was applied to test the significance. At both the locations, all the F2 segregating populations fit well into a Mendelian ratio of 15:1 indicating digenic duplicate dominance of fertility restoring genes with χ 2 value of 0.82, 2.90, 0.04, 3.97, 4.86, 4.98, 0.02, 1.26, 3.15, 4.98, 3.15 and 0.02. The F2 hypothesis was verified with the observed frequency of segregating plants fitting well into 3:1 ration with χ 2 value of 5.45, 1.93, 4.93, 0.60, 2.83, 0.44, 4.94, 2.77, 3.33, 0.13, 4.08 and 1.51. It is further confirmation of the findings that fertility restoration is indeed governed by two duplicate genes. Association between pollen fertility and seed set per cent was significant and positive.
Analyzing the genetic relatedness of pigeonpea varieties released over last 58 years in India
Authors: Satheesh Naik S. J. , Singh I. P. , Bohra Abhishek , Singh F. , Datta D. , Mishra R. K. , Tyagi Shefali , Maurya Alok Kumar , Singh N. P.
Published: June 2021

The genetic base of 150 pigeonpea varieties released in India during1960 to 2018 was examined. Of these, 89, 57, three, and one variety were developed by pedigree selection, pureline selection, mutation and population improvement, respectively. Examination of pedigree records of 89 pigeonpea varieties developed through pedigree breeding method between 1971 and 2018 traced back to 113 ancestors. The highest mean genetic contribution was recorded for the genotype T 190 (0.051) accompanied by UPAS 120 (0.049) and ICP 8863 (0.043). The ancestor T 190 appeared with highest frequency of 21, directly as one of the parent (male/female) in four varieties and indirectly in the development of 17 varieties. Similarly, the ancestors UPAS 120 and ICP 8863 were more frequently used (in nine varieties) as direct parents followed by T 21 and C 11 (in five varieties). The variety PRG 176 involved the highest number (9) of ancestors during the course of its development followed by the variety VBN (Rg) 3 with eight ancestors. Results indicated that 51.69% (46 of the 89 varieties) of released varieties were developed through bi-parental crossing whereas 48.31% involved multiple parents. The frequent use of a limited number of ancestors has caused the narrow genetic base of released pigeonpea varieties. We recommend large-scale deployment of novel germplasm resources for generating broad-base breeding populations. This will help to obtain improved pigeonpea cultivars with high grain yield, biotic tolerance and climate adaptation.
Genetics of stem rust resistance in four popular durum wheat cultivars
Authors: Divya A. , Prakasha T. L. , Chand S. , Mishra A. N. , Dubey V. G. , Malviya Prakash , Prasad Pramod , Sai Prasad S. V.
Published: June 2021

A study was conducted to understand the mode of inheritance and extent of diversity of stem rust resistance in four popular durum wheat cultivars of central India viz., HI 8498 (Malav Shakti), HI 8663 (Poshan), HI 8713 (Pusa Mangal) and HI 8737 (Pusa Anmol) using Puccinia graminis tritici (Pgt) pathotypes 15-1 (123G15) and 40-3 (127G29). These cultivars were crossed with susceptible parents i.e., Motia and Malvi Local and were also crossed among themselves in half diallel fashion. The F2 and F3 segregation data revealed that a single dominant gene each controlled resistance to the pathotype 40-3 in HI 8713 and HI 8663, while two dominant genes each governed resistance to this pathotype in HI 8737 and HI 8498. A single dominant gene each conditioned resistance to the pathotype 15-1 in all the four cultivars. The F2 segregation data of the intercrosses among the resistant parents showed that three different resistance genes controlled resistance among four cultivars against each Pgt pathotype 40-3 and 15-1. These genes seem to be different from the most commonly postulated stem rust resistance genes in Indian durum wheat germplasm viz., Sr11, Sr12, Sr7b and Sr9e which are ineffective/less effective against the test pathotypes. Hence, the genes identified in the present study can be utilized in broadening the genetic base of stem rust resistance in Indian durum wheat.
Introgression of drought tolerance QTLs through marker assisted backcross breeding in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Todkar Leena , . Harikrishna , Singh G. P. , Jain Neelu , Singh P. K. , Prabhu K. V.
Published: June 2021

The present study reports the introgression of the genomic regions linked with drought tolerance traits viz., NDVI, staygreen, chlorophyll content/chlorophyll fluorescence and yield from a drought tolerant parent HI1500 in to a popular high yielding but drought susceptible wheat variety GW322 following the marker assisted backcross breeding. Background selection with 109 polymorphic SSR markers accelerated genome recovery of recurrent parent which ranged from 72.14 to 86.9% in BC1F1, 90.33 to 92.02% in BC2F1 and 91.6 to 94.95% with an average of 93.5% in BC2F2 generation. Eighteen homozygous BC2F3 progenies were found to be phenotypically superior for morpho-physiological and agronomic traits over the recurrent parent GW322.
Identification of stable restorers for diverse cytoplasmic source in Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.]
Authors: Sandeep N. , Biradar Basavaraj
Published: June 2021

In sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.], milo is the lone source of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) extensively used in production of commercial hybrids. The hazards of such a narrow cytoplasmic base are apparent and consequently new diverse sources like A2, A3, A4, maldandi, VZM and G1 were identified. However, the commercial exploitation of these sources has not been possible because of the difficulty in fertility restoration on these sources. The present study was, therefore, undertaken to test different sorghum germplasm lines for their fertility restoration/maintenance on maldandi and milo cytoplasm. Twenty-five diverse accession were selected from minicore collection and crossed with two male sterile lines viz., 104A (milo) and M 31-2A (maldandi). The resulting F1s were classified as fertility restorers and maintainers based on seed set on bagged ear heads. The restoration studies indicated that 2 lines on maldandi and 6 on milo cytoplasm showed strong fertility restoration (> 90 % seed set).
Genetic diversity of different late blight responsive Indian potato cultivars as revealed by SSR markers
Authors: Patil Virupaksh U. , Vanishree G. , Saikia Leena , Bhardwaj Vinay , Chakrabarti S. K.
Published: June 2021

Forty seven resistant and susceptible to late blight Indian potato cultivars were used to assess genetic diversity present among them. A set of 24 microsatellite markers applied which generated 193 alleles with an average of 7.04 per loci and 4.10 per genotype. Eight alleles were specific to resistant cultivars, whereas 11 were specific to susceptible. Genetic diversity among the moderately resistant genotypes was found to be higher than the susceptible and resistant ones. The cluster analysis grouped the cultivars into 2 main and 4 sub clusters with late blight resistant genotypes distributed across the clusters. The diverisity among the genotypes was very high; however, diversity within groups viz., resistant, moderately resistant and susceptible was found to be very low (6%). The findings of the study would be of great help to the breeders in selecting genotypes for developing improved varieties of potato.
Assessment of genetic variability for micronutrient content and agro-morphological traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Madhubabu P. , Surendra R. , Suman K. , Chiranjeevi M. , Abdul Fiyaz R. , Rao D. Sanjeeva , Chaitanya U. , Subba Rao Lella V. , Babu V. Ravindra , Neeraja C. N.
Published: June 2021

Assessment of rice genetic diversity is critical step for trait specific varietal development program. In the present study, a collection of 281 Indian germplasm accessions were evaluated for genetic diversity study using 30 agro-morphological characters and grain iron and zinc contents in brown and polished rice. To identify the pattern of relatedness and associations, cluster analysis and principal component analysis coupled with correlation were used. Cluster analysis grouped 281 accessions into six main groups. Cluster 4 is the largest and had accessions with higher yield, zinc and iron content. Six components of principal component analysis indicated 76.4% of the total variation. The Principal Component (PC)1 showed 19.05%, while, PC2, PC3, PC4, PC5 and PC6 exhibited 14.23%, 13.61%, 11.58%, 7.59%, and 6.71% variability, respectively. Among the germplasm, three accessions IC145407, IC145357 and IC248034 have shown significant iron and zinc content in polished rice along with desirable grain yield. The information presented here will be useful in the development of rice varieties with high yield and micronutrient content.
AMMI biplot analysis for grain yield of basmati lines (Oryza sativa L.) in North Western Himalayan Hill regions
Authors: Dwivedi Aparajita , Basandrai Daisy , Sarial A. K.
Published: June 2021

Thirty basmati and non-basmati rice genotypes were evaluated in five different locations representing varied agroclimatic zones in Himachal Pradesh during kharif 2017 and 2018 for stability of grain yield. Additive main effect and multiplicative interaction and stability model were employed to study the GxE interaction. ANOVA revealed significant differences among genotypes and locations along with significant G × E interaction. Both linear and non-linear components contributed towards G × E interaction. The mean grain yield per plant varied from 11.32-19.49 g among the genotypes with the general mean of 15.83g. Genotype HPR 2693 was identified to have higher mean grain yield per plant than general mean and was stable across the locations. AMMI analysis revealed that the first two significant IPCA scores together explained 77.18% of the total interaction variance. Biplot graphical analysis showed Dhaulakuan to be the less interacting and stable location. Genotype HPR 2693 scored zero for both IPCA1, IPCA2 and also lowest ASV score along with higher average grain yield per plant and therefore could be considered as stable across locations. Pusa-1121, one of the highly prized basmati was also found stable but the average yield per plant over all the location was low and hence could be identified for specific location. Genotypes HPR 2863, HPR 2612, HPR 2667, PB-1509, HPR 2858 showed specific adaptation to Malan while HPR 2761, HPR 2749, HPR 2746, HPR 2720, HPR 2862 and HPR 2880 exhibited specific adaptation at Palampur. These genotypes could be utilized for direct cultivation as well as for improvements of other cultivars.
Optimization of genetic transformation method for an indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) variety Ratnagiri-711
Authors: Sawant G. B. , Bhave S. G. , Sawardekar S. V. , Burondkar M. M. , Gokhale N. B. , Desai V. S.
Published: June 2021

A study for method optimization of Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation for insect resistance was carried out for a rice variety Ratnagiri-711 showing better regenerability. Three different cry genes viz. cry1Aabc, cry1Fa1 and cry2Aa with a vector system consisting of the disarmed hyper virulent Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA-105 harboring pBinAR or BinBt3 were used. The respective genes were linked to CaMV35S promoter and nptII gene under control of nos promoter and terminator. Scutellum-derived callus bits and embryonic shoot apical meristem of germinating seeds were used as target tissues for callus-mediated and in planta transformation, respectively. Kanamycin screening and PCR analysis was employed for confirmation of presence of transgene. Among five methods of colonization and co-cultivation tried with three cry genes, a callus-mediated transformation method consisting of 20 minutes colonization and 3 days co-cultivation with cry2Aa gene recorded highest transformation frequency (13.79%) but minimum survival (5.27%). On the contrary, considerable transformation frequency (6.35%) with highest survival (79.42%) was observed in an in planta method employing mild injury to embryonic shoot apical meristem of germinating seeds followed by injection of Agrobacterium having cry2Aa gene followed by 15 minutes colonization and then directly sowing in pots. Among three cry genes used, the gene cry2Aa was found most effective showing more transformation frequency.
Genetic variability of popping quality traits and microsatellite-based characterization of popcorn inbreds for utilization in breeding programme
Authors: Pal Deepa , Muthusamy Vignesh , Zunjare Rajkumar U. , Jaiswal Sunil K. , Chhabra Rashmi , Baveja Aanchal , Chauhan Hema S. , Bhatt Vinay , Sekhar Javaji C. , Hossain Firoz
Published: June 2021

Popcorn is a popular snack item worldwide. The genetic base of popcorn germplasm is quite narrow, which resulted in limited number of popcorn hybrids. Here, a set of sub-tropically adapted 39 popcorn inbreds of exotic- and indigenous-origin, were characterized using morphological traits and molecular markers for their effective utilization in hybrid breeding. Significant variation for grain popping percentage (GPP: 86.0-98.0%), percent popping expansion (PPE: 1493-3213%) and volume after popping (VAP: 210-315ml) was observed. The mean PPE (2069%) and GPP (93.6%) among popcorn inbreds were higher than the popcorn check variety, VL popcorn (PPE: 1739%, GPP: 92%). Positive correlations were observed among GPP, PPE and VAP. Molecular characterization using 72 SSRs produced 237 alleles with a mean of 3.3 alleles per locus. Polymorphism information content ranged from 0.05 to 0.68, while Jaccard’s dissimilarity coefficients varied from 0.27-0.82. Principal coordinate analysis also depicted diverse genetic nature of inbreds. Cluster analysis grouped the inbreds into three major clusters each having 16, 18 and 5 inbreds. Contrasting inbreds were identified for development of mapping populations to identify loci governing desirable popping quality. The study also identified potential heterotic combinations. The information generated here assumes great significance in breeding for popcorn hybrids.
Molecular marker validation and identification of Fusarium wilt resistant chickpea genotypes
Authors: Sahu Vinod Kumar , Tiwari Sushma , Tripathi M. K. , Gupta Neha , Tomar R. S. , Ahuja Ashok , Yasin M.
Published: June 2021

Fusarium wilt is one of the most destructive biotic stress reducing chickpea productivity worldwide. As a step towards understanding the basis of wilt resistance in chickpea, we investigated the morpho-physiological and biochemical traits of 29 desi and 15 kabuli chickpea genotypes and screened these genotypes for fusarium wilt disease using gene based molecular markers. The number of branches per plant were significant and positively correlated with number of pods per plant (r=0.635) and number of seed per plant (r=0.556) at 1% significance level. Biochemical parameters related to stresses were also analyzed for proline (1.19-3.92 µ mol/g), sugar (23.6-37.4 mg/g), malondialdehyde (MDA) (1.1 -3.67 nmol/g) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (10.4-21.5 µ mol/g) in seeds of these genotypes grown under normal field conditions. Molecular screening was done by using15 gene-based markers. Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) value was in the range of 0.221 to 0.695, respectively. The genotypes JG-63 and Vijay identified during the investigation could be included in the hybridization programs during development of high yielding and wilt resistant varieties. The molecular markers TA194, TA-59, TA-96, TR-19, TR-29 and TR-31 can be used as marker assisted breeding tools for screening, validation and development of fusarium wilt resistant chickpea genotypes.
Computational analysis of SNPs and INDELs in cluster bean cultivars involved in multiple trait expression
Authors: Sahu Sarika , Sahu Tanmaya Kumar , Ghosal Sabri , Gaikwad Kishor , Rao A. R.
Published: June 2021

SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) are extensively used in plant breeding programs because of their automation and high precision in allele calling. In the present study, transcriptomes of three cultivars of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, namely, RGC-936, RGC-1066 and M-18 were analysed for the identification of SNPs and Indels using the recently assembled draft genome made available by National Institute of Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi. Besides, a comparison among the identified SNPs and indels of three cultivars was made to mine out the cultivar specific SNPs and indels as well as common markers among the cultivars. In addition, an online database, cbSIR, was developed based on the markers populated from the said cultivars of cluster bean (http://webapp.cabgrid.res.in/clb_ce/index.php). The results reveal that highest number of SNPs (10279) were present in cultivar RGC-1066 followed by RGC-1066 (9714) and M-18 (7933). The detected SNPs were subjected to functional annotation. In a similar way, Indels were also identified and functionally annotated. Predictions were made based on the involvement of SNP/Indel possessing genes in the expression of multiple traits such as gum production, auxin transport, disease resistance in the three cultivars of cluster bean.
Independent segregation of qualitative traits and estimation of genetic parameters and gene action for some quantitative traits in guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub.)
Authors: Mahla Hans Raj , Sharma Ramavtar , Kumar Sushil , Gaikwad Kishor
Published: June 2021

Current study was undertaken to elucidate the inheritance qualitative traits namely, flower colour and leaf hairiness in two F2 populations comprising of 194 and 99 individuals with reference to yield and agronomic traits along with genetic parameters. The violet colour of flowers and leaf hairiness were dominant over white flower and smooth leaves, respectively. The 2-test revealed independent single gene inheritance for both the traits with joint segregation ratio of 9:3:3:1 in F2. Except for no. of pods per cluster and pods per plant, both parents (Smooth 25 and HG2-20) exhibited significant (p less then 0.05) differences for traits under investigation. A higher estimate of phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV) than genonotypic coefficient of variance (GCV) was recorded for all the characters except test weight and clusters on branches. The heritability ranged from 24.36% (seeds per pod) to 92.32% (clusters on branches). Gene action as per skewness indicated that both duplicate and complementary interactions were playing role in the development of various traits, whereas, inheritance analysis as per kurtosis suggested that traits were oligogenic. Eventually, it can be concluded that high GCV, appearance of transgressive segregants and involvement of fewer major genes in defining the quantitative traits including yield, provided an opportunity for their genetic improvement.
Understanding population differentiation using geographical, morphological and genetic characterization in Erodium cicunium
Authors: Si Xingxing , GAO Lei , Song Yuwei , Khayatnezhad Majid , Minaeifar Amir Abbas
Published: June 2021

Erodium cicunium (Geraniaceae) species are distributed in different habitats of Iran. Some species are of medicinal importance while some are well known weeds and used as forage plants. An investigation was carried out to evaluate 124 randomly collected plants of E. cicunium from 15 geographical populations in 5 provinces to study population structure and for morphological and molecular characters. Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) markers were used to analyse molecular diversity. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed significant genetic difference among the studied populations and also revealed that 60% of total genetic variability was due to within population diversity, while 40% genetic differentiation was recorded among populations. Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) of populations based on morphological characters was not in agreement with Metric Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) plot of molecular data.
Evaluation of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for terminal heat tolerance
Authors: Krishna Stuti , Upadhayay Priyanka , Mishra Vinod , Kujur Shubhra , Kumar Monu , Yadav Punam , Mahto Parvin , Singh Prashant , . Ashutosh , Sharma Sandeep , Chand Ramesh
Published: June 2021

Terminal heat tolerance of 34 wheat genotypes were analyzed for two years. Among 14 traits, canopy temperature, plot yield and days to heading were major components in clustering of genotypes. Three genotypes viz., DBW39, DBW16 and DBW14 had lowest HSI (0.34-0.36) for plot yield and were considered as heat tolerant genotypes by, both, HCA (Hierarchical Cluster Analysis) as well as DA (Discriminant Analysis). These genotypes may serve as potential donors in wheat breeding to improve the terminal heat tolerance.
An assessment on intraspecific transferability of SSR markers on fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) varieties.
Authors: Krishna K. Ram , Parashar Naresh , Singh Dhirendra , Mittal G. K.
Published: June 2021

The amplification potential of 27 SSR primer pairs originally reported on exotic fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) was studied on Indian fennel. Only 13 primer pairs developed amplicons (only one amplicon per primer pair) of sizes ranging from 100 to 450 bp. To determine their polymorphic potential, a set of 20 diverse fennel germplasm lines was used. Four primers exhibiting polymorphism, did segregate the 20 diverse lines in 9 clusters. However, these primer pairs did not differentiate between 17 improved varieties of fennel.
Mechanism of anoxic tolerance in backcross lines developed through Jyothi x Swarna-Sub 1 under submergence stress.
Authors: John Deepa , Shylaraj K. S.
Published: June 2021

Rice varieties adapted to flash flood exhibit submergence tolerance by maintaining reduced shoot elongation under submerged conditions. This study focuses on the two main physiological traits leading to flash flood tolerance- high survival percentage with reduced shoot elongation under submergence and increased rate of alcoholic fermentation. Sub1introgressed BC3F2 lines exhibited higher survival percentage with moderate shoot elongation under submergence stress for fourteen days similar to the donor parent Swarna- Sub1. Enzymatic activities of alcohol dehydrogenase and pyruvate decarboxylase were monitored for fourteen days under submergence stress. The developed Sub1 introgressed lines and the donor parent Swarna-Sub1 showed higher rates of alcohol dehydrogenase and pyruvate decarboxylase activities under submergence stress thereby maintaining optimum rates of alcoholic fermentation. The findings of this study confirmed the expression of tolerance mechanism in the Sub1introgressedJyothi Backcross Inbred lines under submergence stress.
Comparative study of different non-parametric genomic selection methods under diverse genetic architecture
Authors: Budhlakoti Neeraj , Rai Anil , Mishra D. C. , Jaggi Seema , Kumar Mukesh , Rao A. R.
Published: June 2021

Genomic Selection (GS) is the most prevalent method in today’s scenario to access the genetic merit of individual under study. It selects the candidates for next breeding cycle on the basis of its genetic merit. GS has successfully been used in various plant and animal studies in last decade. Several parametric statistical models have been proposed and being used successfully in various GS studies. However, performance of parametric methods becomes very poor when we have non additive kind of genetic architecture. In such cases, generally performance of non-parametric methods are quite satisfactory as these methods do not require strict statistical assumptions. This article presents comparative performance of few most commonly used non-parametric methods for complex genetic architecture i.e. non-additive, using simulated dataset generated at different level of heritability and varying combination of population size. Among several non-parametric methods, SVM outperformed across a range of genetic architecture.
Genetics of resistance to Fusarium stalk rot caused by Fusarium verticilloides in maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Babu B. M. Showkath , Lohithaswa H. C. , Rao A. Mohan , Mallikarjuna N.
Published: June 2021

Fusarium stalk rot disease (FSR), incited by Fusarium verticilloides, is becoming an important biotic production constraint in many major maize growing areas causing substantial yield losses. The present investigation was conducted to understand the genetics of resistance to FSR through six generation means and variances, as a first step in addressing the problem. Five crosses were developed by crossing four FSR susceptible inbreds (VL1043, VL108867, VL121096 and VL1218) with two resistant inbreds (CM202 and CM212). Six generations of the five crosses (VL1043 × CM212, VL108867 × CM202, VL121096 × CM212, VL1218 × CM202 and VL1218 × CM212) were evaluated through artificial disease inoculation during post rainy season of 2018 and summer, 2019. The scaling tests and joint scaling tests indicated the inadequacy of additive-dominance model and showed the presence of epistatic gene effects in all the five crosses for FSR resistance. The study further revealed the importance of additive, dominance and additive × additive gene effects in the expression of FSR. The magnitude and direction of the additive genetic effects [a], dominance genetic effects [d], magnitudes of additive genetic variance (2A) and dominance genetic variance (2D) varied with the genetic background of the crosses over seasons. Duplicate gene interaction was evident in the inheritance of FSR resistance. Both, additive and non-additive components were found important thus reciprocal recurrent selection would be more effective in obtaining FSR resistant maize inbred lines.
Unravelling the phosphorus use efficiency associated traits in mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) under low phosphorus condition
Authors: Dikshit Harsh Kumar , Reddy Venkata Ravi Prakash , Mishra Gyan Prakash , Aski Muraleedhar , Pandey Renu , Singh Madan Pal
Published: June 2021

Phosphorus (P) deficiency is one of the serious problems affecting plant growth in mungbean in different parts of the world. The root, shoot and biomass related traits were investigated for identifying P-efficient genotypes in 54 mungbean genotypes under low-P (LP) and normal-P (NP) conditions. In this study, the membership function value of P use efficiency of studied traits was used as a compendious index for studying P use efficiency (PUE) in mungbean. Among the studied traits, mean values of total root volume, chlorophyll concentration, root dry weight (RDW) and root to shoot ratio increased >25% under LP condition indicating that these traits are highly responsive to P deficiency. Correlation and stepwise regression analysis revealed that RDW explained most of the variation and could be used as a clear indicator of PUE. The five highly P-efficient genotypes namely, MH 805, M 42, PUSA 9531, EC 398885 and M 209 with high MFVP values may be used for PUE improvement in mungbean.
Identification of new resistant sources against downy mildew disease from a selected set of cucumber germplasm and its wild relatives
Authors: Akhtar Jameel , Gautam Dikshant , Nath Ranjan , Gaikwad A. B. , Bhat K. V. , Mondal Bhola , Jat Gograj Singh , Iquebal Asif Mir , Tiwari Badrish , Archak Sunil
Published: June 2021

This study was undertaken to identify new sources of resistance against downy mildew of cucumber caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis [(Berk. and Cart.) Rostow]. Pot experiments were conducted with 16 accessions each of Cucumis sativus and C. hardwickii during the years 2017 and 2018 using 12 isolates of P. cubensis representing different agroclimatic zones of India. The accession, IC331627 from Dehradun, Uttarakhand showed plant disease index (PDI) ranging from 5.55-20.35 per cent with an average PDI of 11.56 and 11.87 per cent during the years, 2017 and 2018, respectively. Hence, IC331627 was identified to be resistant against the five isolates of P. cubesis (Pc12, Pc17, Pc19, Pc21 and Pc24) and moderately resistant against one isolate (Pc22). This resistant accession C. hardwickii (IC331627) could be utilized to develop mapping population to map genomic regions conferring the resistance to downy mildew in cucumber.
Unraveling the genetics of calcium content in finger millet grains through association mapping
Authors: Yadav Shambhavi , Kumar Anil , Sood Salej
Published: June 2021

Combating mineral deficiencies has been a major challenge for agricultural scientists world over. Lack of calcium in diets could be overcome through biofortifying food crops especially cereals. Finger millet (Eleusine coracana) grains are highly rich in calcium, therefore in the present study this phenotypic trait was explored using association study on a natural population of finger millet. A total of 238 accessions of finger millet were analysed using 85 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. SSR profiles generated 160 alleles and 20 primer pairs which were polymorphic across the population with 0.14 to 0.78 polymorphic information content. Grain Calcium content (GCC) varied from 72 to 452 mg/100g seed. Two accessions, GPHCPB45 (452.8 mg) and GPHCPB 439.8 mg) each from Northern India and exotic areas were found with highest GCC. Association analysis through the general linear model in TASSEL software detected two markers UGEP78 and UGEP60 in significant association (P less than 0.001) to calcium content. The molecular marks, UGEP60 can be a potential marker with phenotypic variance amounting to 13.8%. However, the mixed linear model did not detect any significant associations probably because of low polymorphism within the finger millet collection considered in this study. Identification of two accessions with higher calcium content may be useful in finger millet improvement.
Development of chloroplast microsatellite markers in Capsicum: Insight into evolution of Bhut Jolokia - a clad of ghost chilli landraces
Authors: Islam Md Aminul , Shivaraj S. M. , Kumar Virender , Phad Dinesh S. , Sonah Humira , Tripathi Shashi Bhushan , Deshmukh Rupesh K.
Published: June 2021

In the present study, a total of 27 chloroplast specific SSRs (CpSSR) have been identified in the chloroplast genome of Capsicum annum L. The frequency of the SSRs was about one in 5.7 kb of the chloroplast genome. Out of 27 SSRs, 26 were mono-nucleotide repeats of A/T and one was a trinucleotide repeat (TTA). Further a set of seven markers were validated by genotyping 48 capsicum accessions comprising of cultivars from five different species and landraces of unknown identity. The seven SSR markers generated a total of 27 alleles among 48 samples used in this study. The size of the amplicons varied from 161 bp (CaCpM22 and 26) to 339 bp (CaCpM06). The polymorphic information content (PIC) value for the set of the primers used ranged from 0.11 to 0.48 with an average of 0.33. The number of alleles for markers ranged from three to six with an average of 3.28 alleles per marker. The phylogenetic analysis of the chilly accessions showed that the Bhut jolokia land race is clustered along with the C. frutescence indicating the it’s probable parentage. The chloroplast genome based SSR markers identified in the present study can be further used for the marker-assisted genomic studies
Genotype environment interaction analysis for fruit yield in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) under alkaline environments
Authors: Sanwal Satish Kumar , Mann Anita , Kesh Hari , Kaur Gurpreet , Kumar Raj , Rai Arvind Kumar
Published: June 2021

Twenty four Okra genotypes were evaluated for marketable fruit yield and its related traits for genotype environment interaction during 2015-16 and 2016-17. The genotypes were exposed to alkaline environment with a pH range of 8.0±0.2, 8.5±0.2, 9.0±0.2 and 9.5±0.2. A significant level of deviation in expression of different traits was observed in all the genotypes with increasing pH. Based on Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI), Genotype and Genotype Environment Interaction (GGE) biplot, Wrick’s ecovalence (Wi2 ), AMMI Stability Value (ASV) and Yield Stability Index (YSi) stable genotypes with high fruit yield were identified over the eight environments. The combined AMMI analysis of variance indicated that genotype main effect, environment and genotype-by-environment interaction effects showed variation of 19.83%, 63.07% and 17.10%, respectively for fruit yield. On the basis of different stability measures, VRO-112, VRO-110, Kashi Kranti, VROB178, AE-70 and VRO-108 were differentiated as high yielding and stable genotypes over the tested environments. This study will be helpful for selecting alkali tolerant okra parents for further breeding programme and recommending the suitable genotypes for alkalinity prone area
New hyper-variable SSRs for diversity analysis in mango (Mangifera indica L.)
Authors: Srivastav Manish , Singh Sanjay K. , Prakash Jai , Singh Rakesh , Sharma Neha , Ramchandra Sridhar , Devi Rajni , Gupta Ankit , Mahto Ajay K. , Jayaswal Pawan K. , Singh Sangeeta , Singh Nagendra K.
Published: June 2021

Whole genome sequence in mango offers unprecedented opportunities for genomics assisted crop improvement via enabling access to genome-wide genetic markers. In the present study, simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were predicted from genome sequence of mango. Based on the SSR length (? 50 bp), highly-variable mango SSRs (MSSRs) were sorted. A sub-set of 129 MSSRs was validated on a set of 24 diverse mango genotypes yielding marker validation and polymorphism of 88.96 and 85.27 per cent, respectively. One hundred and ten polymorphic markers were identified for the present set of mango genotypes. Polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.10 to 0.78 and the highest value was observed with MSSR133. The mean PIC value was 0.40 but 33 MSSR markers showed PIC values ? 0.5, suggesting that these markers can efficiently measure genetic diversity and serve for mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in mango. MSSRs data was further used for diversity analysis of mango genotypes belonging to different agro-ecological conditions including chance seedlings, landraces, exotic and indigenous germplasm and hybrids. Cluster analysis using UPGMA of 24 mango genotypes revealed that these MSSRs were informative in diversity analysis and distinguished mango genotypes based on their origin, parentage and embryo types. A novel set of 110 hyper-variable SSR markers have been added to the mango repository depicting usefulness in discriminating closely related mango germplasm and their use in mango improvement programme.
Pattern of genetic variation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) population for sheath blight resistance over the seasons
Authors: Naveenkumar R.* , Singh Vineeta , Singh P. K. , Anandan A.
Published: June 2021

A set of 192 indica rice accessions were evaluated in two seasons to generate information on the extent of genetic variability, broad-sense heritability and genetic advance for yield and sheath blight related traits. The estimated genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) varied over the season. Largely, PCV values were relatively higher than GCV with reference to the studied parameters. However, GCV was found to be medium for per cent disease index (PDI) of 14th day, 28th day, area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), and tiller number over the seasons. Interestingly, grain yield was found to be high. The trait plant height and panicle length had moderate heritability coupled with moderate genetic advance, whereas AUDPC was moderately heritable coupled with high genetic advance. The findings may be useful in breeding improved rice genotypes.
Cytogenetic studies of three cultivated hill cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.) varieties from Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Afsana , Dash Chandan Kumar , Sultana Syeda Sharmeen
Published: June 2021

Three hill cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.) varieties viz., HC-1, HC-2 and HC-3, released by Bangladesh Cotton Development Board were investigated through orcein, CMAand DAPI-banding for cytogenetical characterization and to elucidate the karyotypic diversity among these varieties. All these three varieties were found to possess 2n = 26 metacentric chromosomes with ‘1A’ karyotype. Based on TF%, AsK% and Syi index, HC-3 was little advanced over HC-1 and HC-2. These three varieties showed differential Chromomycin A3 (CMA)- and 4Ê-6 Diamidino-2-Phenyl Indole (DAPI)-banding patterns and a tendency of acumulation of repetitive sequences at the terminal regions was observed. Despite possessing same somatic chromosome number these three hill cotton varieties could be characterized by diversified karyotypic parameters through differential staining.
Selection of elite parents and crosses for seed yield and its components using combining ability analysis over the three environments in safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L.)
Authors: Thorat Indrayani H. , Gawande V. L.
Published: June 2021

Thirty crosses developed through line × tester mating design were evaluated along with parents in three environments to estimate gca and sca effects of parents and crosses, respectively for yield and its contributing traits. Based on consistent performance over three environments in safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L.) genotypes, BHIMA, GMU 3876, GMU 3863, GMU 7351, GMU 2757, AKS 08R and AKS CMS 2B were found to be good general combiners for yield and most of yield contributing characters. Hybrids, AKS CMS 2A x BHIMA, AKS CMS 2A x GMU 3876 and AKS CMS 2A x GMU 3863 having high sca effects were found promising for seed yield per plant and other traits over the three environments. The results indicated that these parents could be exploited in hybridization programmes for genetic improvement of individual traits. However, the promising hybrids having high sca effects may be used for heterosis breeding after multi-locations testing.