bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OFICINA DE SUPORTE BÁSICO DE VIDA: EXPERIÊNCIA EXTENSIONISTA NA LIGA DE TRAUMA E EMERGÊNCIA
Authors: Lino Luiza Soares de Miranda , Silva Erick Henriques Fernandes Da , Oliveira Lohane Amaral de , Gonçalves Sarah Silva Aramuni
Published: April 2024

Introdução: O protocolo de Suporte Básico de Vida (SBV) consiste em uma “forma sistemática de prestar cuidados a alguém que precisa de ressuscitação cardiopulmonar” (AEHLERT, 2018, P.18). Assim, desta
DIAGNÓSTICO E TRATAMENTO DO TRAUMA DUODENOPANCREÁTICO COMPLEXO: UMA REVISÃO DIDÁTICA
Authors: Biazi Kelen Lise , Batista Maressa Madja da Costa
Published: April 2024

O trauma abdominal penetrante frequentemente resulta em lesões viscerais, sendo as lesões duodenais e pancreáticas relativamente raras, mas graves, com diagnóstico desafiador devido à sintomatologia i
Explorando as principais manifestações neurológicas na encefalopatia hepática: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Nascimento Dhovana Stéfany Santos , Freitas Luana Fernandes de Souza , Silva Júlio César Xavier da , Santos Caike de Lima , Silva Thais Myllena Gomes Da , Torres Rian Victor
Published: April 2024

Introdução: A encefalopatia hepática (EH) é um conjunto de alterações neurológicas, causadas pelo avanço de doenças hepáticas. Objetivo: Analisar as principais alterações neurológicas em pacientes com
PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DE MORTALIDADE NO TRATAMENTO CIRÚRGICO DE LESÕES VASCULARES TRAUMÁTICAS DO ABDÔMEN
Authors: Cardoso Gabriel de Alencar , Jamnik Júlia Varella , Pereira Julia Machado , Barbosa Bianca Vitória dos Santos , Santos Ketle dos , Silva Pollyanna Nicolly Da , Resende Rackel Silva , Bueno Luiza Fernandes
Published: April 2024

O trauma vascular abdominal apresenta considerável risco ao paciente, exigindo intervenção urgente. Analisando dados do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do SUS, destaca-se que a Região Sudeste poss
Drinking-water Quality Assessment in Selective Schools from the Mount Lebanon
Authors: Walaa Diab , Mona Farhat , Marwa Rammal , Chaden Moussa Haidar , Ali Yaacoub , Alaa Hamzeh
Published: April 2024

The present study aims to assess and compare the quality of drinking water according to WHO Standards and then illustrate the resulting diseases. Eight samples have been taken from selective different schools in the Mount Lebanon Region. The laboratory tests of the collected samples were performed to determine various physical (e.g., temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, etc.), chemical (Ca+2, Cl-, Fe, Mg2+, NO3, Na+, SO2-4), and microbial such as E. coli, coliform, and non-coliform. Several techniques were used for the analysis including Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Flame Photometer, and Total Organic Carbon (TOC). The resulting water quality was compared with the standard limits. Each school has different defects according to specific contamination that existed. To save local residents and according to the results of this study, regular monitoring for water quality was proposed; besides more water filtration plants should be installed to provide safe drinking for children’s health.
Harmonic “Quality” and Set-Class Structure
Authors: Lal Rajan
Published: April 2024

This article focuses on one of the most discussed works in music-theoretical literature concerning tonal versus set-class organization, the second of Arnold Schoenberg’s
Sechs Kleine Klavierstücke, op. 19. To advance a new understanding of how these two conceptual frameworks can be unified, I propose an intuitive notion of harmonic “Quality” inspired by a portion of Anthony Pople’s unfinished
Tonalities project (2004). According to Pople, harmonic Quality derives from two sources: tritone intervals and seventh scale degree status. I argue that Quality can assist us in hearing Schoenberg’s overhaul of non-diatonic collections as articulating quasi-tonal tension-relaxation relationships, all within the context of a broader chromatic language. The analyses that follow suggest that Schoenberg favored a stable status for hexatonicism at the start and end points of op. 19, no. 2, a stability that is tied to its tonic-quality. The article then applies Quality to examine the outlier status of piece no. 6 within op. 19, Schoenberg’s moving tribute to Gustav Mahler written after the first five miniatures were conceived. The goal of this approach is to inject nuance into existing tonal versus set-class debates by thinking of Schoenberg as a composer of op. 19 no. 2
architectonically: as a collectional, set-class composer in terms of raw pitch resources, but also a composer handling such raw resources with a distinctly tonal intuition.
Pentatonic
Xuangong 旋宮 Transformations in Chinese Music
Authors: Lam Nathan L.
Published: April 2024

The anhemitonic pentatonic scale is fundamental to Chinese music theory, and so is the concept of
xuangong: transformations from one pentatonic scale to another. The vocabulary related to these transformations is as diverse as the musical contexts in which it appears; similar moves can be described using a multitude of perspectives, resulting in overlapping and, at times, confusing terminology. To describe
xuangong transformations, I adopt the precise language of signature transformations to enrich, complement, and shed light on Chinese music theory. The four basic
xuangong transformations are chromatic transposition (C, D, E, G, A → G, A, B, D, E), pentatonic transposition (C, D, E, G, A → G, A, C, D, E),
bian-directed transformation (C, D, E, G, A → B, D, E, G, A), and
qing-directed transformation (C, D, E, G, A → C, D, F, G, A). The last two are adapted from classical Chinese music theory, and they are analogous to key signature transformations in Western music. This paper discusses the structure of
xuangong transformations, their application in Chinese music theory, and their analytical use in examples spanning Confucian court music, traditional instrumental music, Cantopop, and Chinese new music, both tonal and atonal.
Assessing the clinical reasoning skills of 4th year medical students in Batna
Authors: Nora Righi  , Loubna Rahmoun  , Melissa Doumandji  , Samy Slimani
Published: April 2024

Aim. With the aim of examining the performance, commitment and perception of 4th year medical students in Batna - Algeria with regard to an interactive preparatory tool used in a flipped neuromeningeal infection course and to compare results with other types of teaching including blended as well as distance learning during COVID19. Methods. we conducted a prospective, evaluative, experimental before-and-after study with comparison maneuvers. Through this study, the success rate of external students 2022-2023 receiving "Reverse Classroom" teaching applied on group A was compared to the success rate of external students of the same year receiving "mixed teaching" applied on group B and to the success rate of external students of the year 2020-2021 (During COVID 19), receiving only "online teaching in downloadable papers" applied on group C consisting of 2 subgroups . All students in group A and B have access to a traditional downloadable paper document coupled with an enhanced e-learning tool including a video. We briefly evaluated this interactive tool during a 01:30-hour lecture in the form of a clinical case, with the same amount of dedicated class time for both subgroups. Results: Overall, our evaluation showed that the use of the flipped classroom approach is appreciated by students and helps them to learn, understand and retain the essential notions of the course, objectively demonstrated by their response to question 2, 3 and 4, and whose acquisition of the course reached 60% (33.3, 37.1) and 80% (56.0, 49.4) respectively for the A1 and A2 group. The majority asked to adopt it in nearly 67% of cases, which has been reported in studies other. Similarly, our results show the importance of having direct contact with a teacher and feedback during a lecture, and of not exclusively carrying out distance learning without direct contact interaction and feedback. Conclusion: The flipped classroom defines a blended learning approach in which core content is transferred to students to engage them in active learning exercises during class time.
Controlling Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) Pest through the Use of Ginger, Garlic, and Chili Powder on Growing Mustasa Plant (June 2023)
Authors: Abadier Joanna M  , Alcantara Patricia Nicole N  , Bandico Flordeliza A  , Waperina Ana Maria S  , Nograda, King Leonard
Published: April 2024

Growing in popularity as a sustainable and eco-friendly method of food production is organic agriculture. Organic pesticides have come to light as alternatives to traditional chemical-based pesticides as a result of this trend. Moreover, organic pesticides offer a sustainable method of crop protection that is consistent with organic farming's guiding principles. Because of this, there is rising interest in researching alternative pest management strategies, such as using organic insecticides made from natural ingredients. Allium sativum (garlic), ginger (Gingiber officinale), and chile (capsicum spp.) are well known for their therapeutic and anti- fungal uses. Its potential as an efficient and environmentally friendly pest management method has recently come to light in research. This study was carried out with the intention of repelling and preventing infestations using organic materials in terms of leaves produce, crops yield, and plant survival. The researchers concluded that the level of effectiveness of the preferred concentration was 95% of ginger extract, 5% of garlic extract, and 5% of chili powder is effective with the weighted mean of 6 leaves produce and 30 bunches of crops yield and plant survival
The impact of singing on estrogen and progesterone release among female
Authors: Anulika Onyegbule  , C. S. Ufearo
Published: April 2024

Scientific studies have suggested that singing can have positive effect on people’s health. (NAFME, 2012). John Daniel Scott, has cited that people who sing are more likely to be happy because singing elevates the level of neurotransmitters which is associated with pleasure and wellbeing. Most studies on the biological effect of music has resolved around studies involving brain mapping and physiological parameters such as heart rate, blood pressure, through production of messengers such as hormones, cytokines and proteins, music elicit biological responses to stress, emotions and immune functions. Hormone certainly prove necessary for proper physiological growth and development. This study is therefore to know the influence of singing on female sex hormone release which has variety of effects on both sexual organs and diverse target tissues. This research study will be a cross sectional and controlled investigative study. Hormone will be assayed with ELIZA technique and its secretion will be determined by its concentration in the blood. The study will be carried out with a total of thirty female choral singers, grouped into three A, B, C, each group will comprise of ten subjects, using group C as control. Blood sample will collect from each group at pre and post ovulation phase of their menstrual cycle, before and after singing while the control group will not be involved in singing. The mean serum concentration in all group will be compared with group C which serve as control group.
Demographic determinants of poor childhood immunization coverage among women in Bayelsa state
Authors: Anthony Bibowei Akpe  , David Eyidenghabofa Odikeme
Published: April 2024

The study examined at the extent demographic factors influence childhood immunization coverage in Bayelsa State. The design was cross-sectional. The total female population of Bayelsa State is estimated to be 1,116, 200.9. National Population Commission and National Bureau of Statistics (2016); National Bureau of Statistics (2018) According to the World Health Organizatio, women of reproductive age account for 22% of the total population of 501, 502 people. The study population consists solely of women in Bayelsa State who have child(ren) between the ages of 0 and 5 years. A multi-stage procedure was used to select 20 women with at least one child under the age of five from each selected community, yielding a sample size of 1100. The instrument's internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's Alpha statistics, yielding a reliability of 0.77. At the 0.05 level of significance, simple regression statistics was used to analyze the hypotheses. The findings revealed that mothers’ age and education influence childhood immunization coverage, as the educated and older mothers have higher probability of getting their children immunized completely. Maternal education was recommended in the State, also that the National Orientation Agency should ensure mass media exposure and community education awareness and campaigns on immunization.
A survey on cryptocurrency price prediction
Authors: S. Venkatesh  , B Rashmitha  , S Manjunadha  , Md Junaid
Published: April 2024

A type of digital currency known as a cryptocurrency allows all transactions to be completed online. There is no hard cash version of this soft currency. We highlight that a decentralized currency differs from a centralized currency in the any user of a virtual currency can purchase services without the need for third parties to get involved. Due to its extreme price volatility, using these cryptocurrencies has an impact on trade and international relations. Moreover, the constantly fluctuating oscillations indicate the urgent need for a more precise method of predicting this price. Deep learning techniques that use effective learning models for training data, including the LSTM, GRU, and Feedback Neural Network, can be used to do this. Benchmark datasets are used to test the suggested strategy. That brings us to the neural network, one of the clever data mining technologies that researchers in many domains have been using for the past ten years. In the current economy, stock market data is essential. There are two types of forecasting methodologies: nonlinear models (ARCH, GARCH, Neural Network) and linear models (AR, MA, ARIMA, ARMA). To forecast a company's stock price based on past prices, we employed the Box Jenkins Model also known as ARIMA, and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Feedback Neural Network also known as RNN.
Navigating through policy and process inflation by establishing cultural value in cultural sites: The case of the Philippine-Korea friendship center
Authors: Cherry Mae N. Lacbawan
Published: April 2024

The protection and development of cultural sites pose ongoing economic and social challenges for the state, necessitating a symbiotic relationship between cultural advancement and societal progress, yet facing a shortfall in support and funding. This paper aims to delineate the value of cultural sites and assess how evolving cultural policies influence their management. Despite legislative mandates requiring government backing, cultural site management often shoulders the responsibility amid policy and procedural complexities, resulting in what is termed as "policy and process inflation." The absence of consistent support due to shifting cultural policies aggravates this burden, compelling cultural sites to integrate economic imperatives alongside social objectives. Utilizing Cultural Value Theory (intrinsic, instrumental, institutional), this study examines the Philippine-Korea Friendship Center to elucidate its cultural value amidst policy dynamics. It underscores the necessity for cultural sites to not only embody intrinsic value but also cultivate instrumental and institutional values. This analysis sheds light on the interplay between cultural policies and the state of cultural sites, highlighting the imperative for holistic support and strategic management frameworks.
Social connectedness and dimensions of emerging adulthood among young adults in India
Authors: Anisha Nankani  , Deepthi Vijayan
Published: April 2024

The current study investigates the relationship between social connectedness and each dimension of emerging adulthood i.e. identity exploration, self-focus, feeling in-between, and experimentation/possibilities among young adults in India. The study employs a quantitative approach, utilizing self-report inventories to gather data from 207 (N=207) participants aged 18-25 years in Indian cities. The measurement tools used were the Social Connectedness Scale-R (SCS-R) devised by Lee and Robbins (1995) and the Inventory for Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (Revised) devised by Reifman et al (2007). The Spearman correlation results showed that there was a positive correlation between SCS-R and Experimentation/Possibilities as well as a positive relationship between Social Connectedness and Self-Focused. However, there was no statistically significant correlation found between Social Connectedness and the dimension of identity exploration and feeling in-between. Regression analysis demonstrated that social connectedness had a significant influence on the dimensions of experimentation/possibilities and self-focused. The study also showed that there were no differences on social connectedness and dimensions of emerging adulthood based on gender.
Specific features of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose
Authors: Michael Ioelovich
Published: April 2024

In this article, the features of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose samples with different structural characteristics were studied. It was discovered that outer paracrystalline layers of crystallites are accessible and susceptible to hydrolysis along with the poorly ordered amorphous domains of cellulose. The thermodynamic analysis showed that the hydrolysis process of cellulose samples at 298 K is exothermic. Since reaction enthalpy is negative and the temperature-entropy factor is positive, the Gibbs potential of this process becomes negative, which contributes to the implementation of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. Moderate enhancement in temperature to optimal value, 323 K, increases the negative value of Gibbs potential and thereby promotes the hydrolysis of cellulose substrates. The most negative Gibbs potential was observed for the hydrolysis of the most accessible amorphous cellulose. Thus, amorphization of cellulose substrates facilitates enzymatic hydrolysis. On the other hand, the enzymatic hydrolysis of high-ordered crystalline domains of cellulose cannot be performed even at optimal temperature since the Gibbs potential of this process is close to zero.
A case report on cocoon abdomen
Authors: Aparna Anil  , Anjitha Santhosh  , Azeem Mohamed Basheer  , Drishya. L  , Shaiju. S. Dharan  , Dhanya Dharman
Published: April 2024

Abdominal Cocoon is one of the rare causes of intestinal obstruction. A complete or partial small bowel encapsulation caused by thick fibro collagenous membrane. Cocoon Abdomen is otherwise called Sclerosing Encapsulating Peritonitis (SEP). This SEP is divided into two: abdominal cocoon (AC) also known as idiopathic or primary sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis, which is extremely a rare and secondary sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis, which is a common one. Symptoms are nonspecific and preoperative diagnosis was extremely difficult. Surgery is very essential to take membrane samples that confirm diagnosis and for treatment.
Echocardiographic imaging of neonatal transposition of great arteries: Rare case report and review of literature
Authors: Akhil Mehrotra  , Faiz Illahi Siddiqui  , Ujala Shakya  , Mohammad Shaban
Published: April 2024

Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is a congenital conotruncal abnormality characterized by discordant connections between the ventricles and great arteries, with the aorta originating from the right ventricle (RV), and the pulmonary artery (PA) originating from the left ventricle (LV). The two main types of TGA are complete transposition or dextro-transposition of the great arteries (D-TGA), commonly referred to as D-loop, and congenitally corrected transposition (CCTGA), commonly referred to as L-loop or L-TGA. In D-TGA, the connections between the ventricles and atria are concordant, whereas in CCTGA they are discordant, with the left atrium connected to the RV, and the right atrium connected to the LV. Imaging plays an important role in the evaluation of TGA, both before and after surgery, for helping define the anatomy, quantify hemodynamics, and evaluate complications. Transthoracic echocardiography is the first-line imaging modality for pre-surgical planning in children with TGA. MRI provides comprehensive morphologic and functional information, particularly in adults after surgery. CT is performed when MRI is contraindicated or expected to generate artifacts. We are reporting an extremely rare and unique case of 25-day old male neonate, suffering from TGA with a side to side alignment of great arteries, accompanied by a moderate sized restrictive atrial septal defect (ASD) and an ascending aortic aneurysm (AAA).
Through the Justice and the Sovereignty Over Natural Resources: An Analysis of 100 % Foreign Direct Investor Ownership over Geothermal Sector Project
Authors: Putri Dinda Silviana , Arsalan Haikal , Yudo Cecillia , Siauwanda Stefani
Published: April 2024

The enactment of the Job Creation Law and the Presidential Decree Number 10 of 2021 concerning the Investment Business Sector has make it possible for foreign investors to gain 100% ownership over geothermal sector projects. This policy then raises an important question, which is whether such policy violates the Sovereignty over Natural Resources doctrine, and if so, what kind of policy should be made. This study aims to analyze Indonesia’s geothermal foreign direct investment policy through the Sovereignty over Natural Resources doctrine and implementation of the fair efficiency principle, which also includes aspects of efficiency and justice. This study is normative legal research using statute approach and conceptual approach. The result of this study indicates that, although 100% foreign investor ownership over geothermal exploitation projects could be seen as an efficient policy to attract investors. However, it is still lacking the proper regulation to ensure said policy will not cause harm to the people.
Congenital Tubal Anomalies: Exploring Their Relationship with Tubal Factor Infertility an Observational-Descriptive Study
Authors: İsrafilova Güler , Pabuccu Emre , Deniz Denizhan , Pabuccu Recai
Published: April 2024

Background: Infertility represents a significant global concern affecting millions of couples worldwide. Among the various causes contributing to infertility, tubal factor infertility (TFI) emerges as a prominent factor that warrants closer investigation. Such abnormalities may originate from multiple causes, including congenital tubal anomalies (CTAs). This study aimed to reveal the prevalence of CTAs and associated pathologies among patients diagnosed with TFI. Methods: This observational study was conducted at two centers (University Hospital and a referral infertility clinic), between 2020 and 2023. Diagnostic laparoscopy was offered to all women diagnosed with TFI after hysterosalpingography (HSG) and who did not achieve pregnancy within six months after the examination. Patients who consented to undergo diagnostic laparoscopic were included in the study. Results: After the initial infertility work-up, 895 women (21%) were diagnosed with suspected TFI. Out of these, 220 women consented to undergo diagnostic laparoscopy. Among them, 113 (51.3%) were found to have surgically confirmed tubal pathologies/anomalies, while 107 (49.7%) revealed normal findings. A total of 34 women (15%) were found to have, total or partial agenesis, among which 32 revealed congenital uterine anomalies, and 16 revealed other system anomalies. Conclusions: CTAs contribute significantly more to TFI than expected in the general population. Therefore, careful systemic examinations, especially for uterine anomalies, are essential.
Association of Pelvic Organ Prolapse and Changes in Bone Imaging Biomarkers in Postmenopausal Women with Low Bone Mineral Density
Authors: Pérez Arguedas María , Bas Esteve Ernesto , Jiménez García Alenda , Nohales Alfonso Francisco , Jimenez-Pastor Ana , Martí-Bonmatí Luis
Published: April 2024

Background: To test the hypothesis that pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and osteoporosis are both manifestations of a connective tissue disorder, we evaluated whether there is an association between presence of POP and bone imaging biomarkers in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density (BMD). Methods: A blind analytical, observational, and prospective cross-sectional study recruited 89 postmenopausal women with low BMD. Women were divided into those with absent/minimal or with moderate-to-severe POP. An X-ray of the spine was performed followed by a computational image analysis to quantify textural features on each vertebral body. Statistical analysis with a stepwise binary logistic regression model was used. Results: After 10 steps, the final model showed significance (p < 0.05) in the Omnibus coefficients test. The model classification results were high with over 80% success rates for both groups and an accuracy of 83%. The verification table showed that 39 of the 46 non-prolapsed patients were classified correctly, while 7 women were classified as having prolapsed. Among the 43 patients that had prolapsed, 35 patients were correctly classified while 8 were wrongly classified. The logistic regression analysis confirmed that both groups (prolapsed and non-prolapsed patients) can be differentiated using bone biomarkers on plain films. Most of the significant changes were found on the dorsal vertebrae. Conclusions: Pelvic organ prolapse is related to changes in bone imaging biomarkers, besides BMD. These results support the hypothesis that both pelvic prolapse and osteoporosis have a common causal origin.
Research Progress of Pericytes in Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: He Xiaobo , Fan Yuanhang , Lai Yihuan , Yang Ying , Tang Xiao Xiao , Wang Yichun
Published: April 2024

Pericytes, a specific type of mesenchymal cell that surround the basement membrane of pulmonary venules and capillaries. They are crucial pathological features observed in individuals with the severe lung disease of pulmonary fibrosis (PF). The presence of pericytes leads to inflammation and fibrosis in the lung interstitium and alveolar space due to the release of various cytokines and chemokines. Pericytes also stimulate the proliferation and activation of fibroblasts, thereby promoting the progression of PF. Previous studies examining the mechanism of action of pericytes have primarily focused on cell signal transduction pathways, cell growth and death processes, and the synthesis and breakdown of extracellular matrix (ECM). Notably, the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and Wnt signaling pathways have been associated with the action of pericytes in driving the progression of PF. It is therefore clear that pericytes play an essential role in the development of PF, while also offering possible avenues for targeted therapeutic intervention against this condition. The current article provides a comprehensive review on how pericytes contribute to inflammatory responses, as well as their importance for understanding the mechanism of PF. In addition, this review discusses the potential use of pericyte-targeted approaches for the treatment of patients affected by this debilitating lung disease.
Deciphering the Enigma of Neuron-Glial Interactions in Neurological Disorders
Authors: Ahmad S Rehan , Zeyaullah Md. , AlShahrani Abdullah M. , Dawria Adam , Ali Haroon , Mohieldin Ali , Altijani Abdelrhman AG , Razi Ufaq , Mehdi Munzila , Akram Sabika , Hussain Ejaz Rizvi
Published: April 2024

Innate lymphocytes, including microglial cells, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, play a crucial role in initiating neuroinflammatory reactions inside the central nervous system (CNS). The prime focus of this paper is on the involvement and interplay of neurons and glial cells in neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis (MS). In this review, we explore the specific contributions of microglia and astrocytes and analyzes multiple pathways implicated in neuroinflammation and disturbances in excitatory and inhibitory processes. Firstly, we elucidate the mechanisms through which toxic protein accumulation in AD results in synaptic dysfunction and deregulation of the immune system and examines the roles of microglia, astrocytes, and hereditary factors in the pathogenesis of the disease. Secondly, we focus on ASD and the involvement of glial cells in the development of the nervous system and the formation of connections between neurons and investigates the genetic connections associated with these processes. Lastly, we also address the participation of glial cells in epilepsy and MS, providing insights into their pivotal functions in both conditions. We also tried to give an overview of seven different pathways like toll-like receptor signalling pathway, MyD88-dependent and independent pathway, etc and its relevance in the context with these neurological disorders. In this review, we also explore the role of activated glial cells in AD, ASD, epilepsy, and MS which lead to neuroinflammation. Even we focus on excitatory and inhibitory imbalance in all four neurological disorders as imbalance affect the proper functioning of neuronal circuits. Finally, this review concludes that there is necessity for additional investigation on glial cells and their involvement in neurological illnesses.
A Modified Hybrid Brain-Computer Interface Speller Based on Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials and Electromyogram
Authors: Sadeghi Sahar , Maleki Ali
Published: April 2024

Background: To enhance the information transfer rate (ITR) of a steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based speller, more characters with flickering symbols should be used. Increasing the number of symbols might reduce the classification accuracy. A hybrid brain-computer interface (BCI) improves the overall performance of a BCI system by taking advantage of two or more control signals. In a simultaneous hybrid BCI, various modalities work with each other simultaneously, which enhances the ITR. Methods: In our proposed speller, simultaneous combination of electromyogram (EMG) and SSVEP was applied to increase the ITR. To achieve 36 characters, only nine stimulus symbols were used. Each symbol allowed the selection of four characters based on four states of muscle activity. The SSVEP detected which symbol the subject was focusing on and the EMG determined the target character out of the four characters dedicated to that symbol. The frequency rate for character encoding was applied in the EMG modality and latency was considered in the SSVEP modality. Online experiments were carried out on 10 healthy subjects. Results: The average ITR of this hybrid system was 96.1 bit/min with an accuracy of 91.2%. The speller speed was 20.9 char/min. Different subjects had various latency values. We used an average latency of 0.2 s across all subjects. Evaluation of each modality showed that the SSVEP classification accuracy varied for different subjects, ranging from 80% to 100%, while the EMG classification accuracy was approximately 100% for all subjects. Conclusions: Our proposed hybrid BCI speller showed improved system speed compared with state-of-the-art systems based on SSVEP or SSVEP-EMG, and can provide a user-friendly, practical system for speller applications.
Altered Resting-State Amygdalar Functional Connectivity in Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Chen Ye , Wang Yuanyuan , Chen Linglong , Ouyang Feng , Yin Mingxue , Lv Lianjiang , Xu Zihe , Liu Jie , Zeng Xianjun
Published: April 2024

Background: Glaucoma patients frequently present with depressive symptoms, the development of which is closely associated with amygdalar activity. However, no studies to date have documented glaucoma-related changes in the functional connectivity (FC) of the amygdala. Accordingly, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) analyses were herein used to evaluate changes in amygdalar FC in primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) patients. Methods: In total, this study enrolled 36 PACG patients and 33 healthy controls (HCs). Complete eye exams were conducted for all PACG patients. After the preprocessing of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, the bilateral amygdala was selected as a seed point, followed by the comparison of resting-state FC between the PACG and HC groups. Then, those brain regions exhibiting significant differences between these groups were identified, and relationships between the FC coefficient values for these regions and clinical variables of interest were assessed. Results: These analyses revealed that as compared to HC individuals, PACG patients exhibited reductions in FC between the amygdala and the cerebellum_8, vermis_4_5, anterior central gyrus, supplementary motor area, paracentral lobule, putamen, middle frontal gyrus, and posterior cingulate gyrus, while enhanced FC was detected between the right and left amygdala. No significant correlations between these changes in amygdalar any any disease-related clinical parameters or disease duration were noted. Conclusions: Patients with PACG exhibit extensive resting state abnormalities with respect to the FC between the amygdala and other regions of the brain, suggesting that dysregulated amygdalar FC may play a role in the pathophysiology of PACG.
Clearing the Fog: A Review of Antipsychotics for Parkinson's-Related Hallucinations: A Focus on Pimavanserin, Quetiapine and Clozapine
Authors: Abdul-Rahman Toufik , Herrera-Calderón Ranferi Eduardo , Aderinto Nicholas , Kundu Mrinmoy , Wireko Andrew Awuah , Adebusoye Favour Tope , Ekerin Olabode , Lawal Lukman , Mykolaivna Nikitina Iryna , Alexiou Athanasios , Almashjary Majed N , Perveen Asma , Ashraf Ghulam Md
Published: April 2024

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms, including hallucinations. The use of antipsychotic medications is a common strategy to manage hallucinations associated with Parkinson’s disease psychosis (PDP). However, careful consideration is necessary when selecting the most appropriate drug due to the potential risks associated with the available treatment options. Atypical antipsychotics (AAPs), such as Pimavanserin and Clozapine, have effectively controlled PDP symptoms. On the contrary, the support for utilizing quetiapine is not as substantial as other antipsychotics because research studies specifically investigating its application are still emerging and relatively recent. The broad mechanisms of action of AAPs, involving dopamine and serotonin receptors, provide improved outcomes and fewer side effects than typical antipsychotics. Conversely, other antipsychotics, including risperidone, olanzapine, aripiprazole, ziprasidone, and lurasidone, have been found to worsen motor symptoms and are generally not recommended for PDP. While AAPs offer favorable benefits, they are associated with specific adverse effects. Extrapyramidal symptoms, somnolence, hypotension, constipation, and cognitive impairment are commonly observed with AAP use. Clozapine, in particular, carries a risk of agranulocytosis, necessitating close monitoring of blood counts. Pimavanserin, a selective serotonin inverse agonist, avoids receptor-related side effects but has been linked to corrected QT (QTc) interval prolongation, while quetiapine has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of mortality. This review aims to analyze the benefits, risks, and mechanisms of action of antipsychotic medications to assist clinicians in making informed decisions and enhance patient care.
Ablation of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: between Present and Future
Authors: Robles Antonio Gianluca , Palamà Zefferino , Scarà Antonio , Borrelli Alessio , Gianfrancesco Domenico , Bartolomucci Francesco , Nesti Martina , Cavarretta Elena , De Masi De Luca Gabriele , Romano Silvio , Sciarra Luigi
Published: April 2024

Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is the established cornerstone for atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation, indeed current guidelines recognize PVI as the gold standard for first-time AF ablation, regardless of if it is paroxysmal or persistent. Since 1998 when Haïssaguerre pioneered AF ablation demonstrating a burden reduction after segmental pulmonary vein (PV) ablation, our approach to PVI was superior in terms of methodology and technology. This review aims to describe how paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ablation has evolved over the last twenty years. We will focus on available techniques, a mechanistic understanding of paroxysmal AF genesis and the possibility of a tailored approach for the treatment of AF, before concluding with a future perspective.
Sex-Related Differences in Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents with Overweight or Obesity
Authors: Di Bonito Procolo , Di Sessa Anna , Licenziati Maria Rosaria , Corica Domenico , Wasniewska Malgorzata , Miraglia del Giudice Emanuele , Morandi Anita , Maffeis Claudio , Faienza Maria Felicia , Mozzillo Enza , Calcaterra Valeria , Franco Francesca , Maltoni Giulio , Moio Nicola , Iannuzzi Arcangelo , Valerio Giuliana
Published: April 2024

Background: Pediatric obesity is closely associated with cardiometabolic comorbidities, but the role of sex in this relationship is less investigated. We aimed to evaluate sex-related differences on cardiometabolic risk factors and preclinical signs of target organ damage in adolescents with overweight/obesity (OW/OB). Methods: The main cross-sectional study included 988 adolescents (510 boys and 478 girls) with OW/OB aged 10–18 years. In all youths clinical and biochemical variables were evaluated and an abdominal echography was performed. Echocardiographic data for the assessment of left ventricular mass (LVM) and relative wall thickness (RWT) were available in an independent sample of 142 youths (67 boys and 75 girls), while echographic data of carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) were available in 107 youths (59 boys and 48 girls). Results: The three samples did not differ for age, body mass index, and sex distribution. In the main sample, boys showed higher waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) values (p < 0.0001) and fasting glucose levels (p = 0.002) than girls. Lower levels of estimates glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were found in girls vs boys (p < 0.0001). No sex-related differences for prediabetes and hyperlipidemia were observed. A higher prevalence of WHtR ≥0.60 (57.3% vs 49.6%, p = 0.016) and fatty liver disease (FLD) (54.5% vs 38.3%, p < 0.0001) as well as a trend for high prevalence of hypertension (40.4 vs 34.7%, p = 0.06) were observed in boys vs girls. More, a higher prevalence of mild reduced eGFR (MReGFR) (<90 mL/min/1.73 m2) was observed in girls vs boys (14.6% vs 9.6 %, p < 0.0001). In the sample with echocardiographic evaluation, boys showed higher levels of LVM (p = 0.046), and RWT (p = 0.003) than girls. Again, in the sample with carotid echography, boys showed higher levels of cIMT as compared to girls (p = 0.011). Conclusions: Adolescent boys with OW/OB showed higher risk of abdominal adiposity, FLD, and increased cardiac and vascular impairment than girls, whereas the latter had a higher risk of MReGFR. Risk stratification by sex for cardiometabolic risk factors or preclinical signs of target organ damage should be considered in youths with OW/OB.
Relationship between Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis
Authors: Liu Qiulei , Liu Zhaoxuan , Wu Ding , Wang Sheng
Published: April 2024

Multiple factors cause atherosclerosis, meaning its pathogenesis is complex, and has not been fully elucidated. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are a member of the fatty acid family, which are critical nutrients for mammalian growth and development. The types of polyunsaturated fatty acids ingested, their serum levels, and fatty acid desaturase can influence the atherosclerotic disease progression. The fatty acid desaturase gene cluster can regulate fatty acid desaturase activity and further affect atherosclerosis. This study reviewed the research progress on the effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on atherosclerosis regulated by fatty acid desaturase and the relationship between genetic variants of the fatty acid desaturase gene cluster and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Âbidin Paşa’nın Meʿâlî-i İslâmiyye Adlı Tefsirinin Yazım ve Yayın Serüveni, Muhtevası ve Hakkındaki Literatür
Authors: Güvel Orhan
Published: April 2024

Müslüman toplumların tefsir geleneğinde Osmanlı tefsir geleneği, önemli bir yer işgal eder. Osmanlı döneminde Mushaf tertibini esas alan tam tefsirlerin yanı sıra, yalnızca bazı sûre ve âyetlerin yorumunu konu alan kısmî tefsirler kaleme alınmıştır. II. Abdülhamid döneminde Ankara Valiliği ve benzeri önemli bürokratik görevler üstlenen Âbidin Paşa’nın (ö. 1906) Meʿâlî-i İslâmiyye (İslam’ın Yücelikleri) isimli Osmanlıca tefsiri bu eserlerden biridir. Kur’an’ın 61 farklı sûresinden seçilmiş 236 âyetin meal ve yorumunu içeren Meʿâlî-i İslâmiyye hem üslup hem de muhteva bakımından önemli bilgiler içermektedir. Eserde âyetlerin öncelikle meali verilmekte, daha sonra dirayet ağırlıklı bir üslupla yorumlanmasına geçilmektedir. Müfessirin eserinde, sınırlı sayıda da olsa Kur’an’ın Kur’an’la tefsiri diyebileceğimiz bir üslupla bir âyeti başka sûredeki bir âyetle açıklama ya da bir hadis rivayetiyle istişhadda bulunma gibi rivâyet tefsiri kapsamına giren yorumlama yöntemlerine başvurduğu gözlenmektedir. Âbidin Paşa, tefsirinde, geçmiş müfessirlerinden yaptığı alıntıların kaynağı hakkında bilgi vermemekte, çoğu kez “bazı müfessirlere göre” diyerek genel bir atıf yapmayı tercih etmektedir. Osmanlıca kaleme alınmış nadir tefsirler arasında yer alan eserde müellifin bürokrat ve âlim kişiliğinin yanı sıra, yaşadığı dönemin sosyo-kültürel ve siyasi dokusuna dair izlere rastlanmaktadır. Âbidin Paşa’nın tefsirini Kur’an’ın tercüme edilmesinin cevazına dair çekincelerin gündemi işgal ettiği bir dönemde kaleme almış olması ayrı bir önemi haizdir. Müfessir, tefsirini Meʿâlî-i İslâmiyye adıyla yayınlamadan yaklaşık beş yıl önce Hikem-i Kur’ân adıyla bastırmak istemiş ancak gerekli resmî izinleri alamadığından buna muvaffak olamamıştır. Âbidin Paşa’nın dönemin önemli devlet adamlarından biri olmasına rağmen bu türden bir yayın yasağına maruz kalması ayrıca tahlil edilmesi gereken bir olgudur. Âbidin Paşa’nın tefsirinde daha çok sûfî ve Mâturîdî kimliğinin ön plana çıktığı ifade edilebilir. Nitekim İbnu’l-ʿArabî (ö. 638/1240) ve Mevlânâ Celâleddîn er-Rûmî’ye (ö. 672/1273) yaptığı atıflar, müfessirin sûfî kimliğiyle; kelâmî mevzulara ilişkin yorumlarında sık sık akıl ve insanın irade hürriyetinin önemini vurgulaması da Mâtürîdî kimliğiyle ilişkilendirilebilir niteliktedir. Bu çalışmada Osmanlı Devleti’nin son döneminde sadece devlet kademelerinde yürüttüğü vazifelerle değil ilmî alanda verdiği teliflerle de ön plana çıkan Âbidin Paşa’nın Meʿâlî-i İslâmiyye isimli eserinin muhtevası ve yayınlanma sürecine dair Osmanlı arşivlerinde yer alan belgeler belgesel tarama yöntemiyle taranarak kaynaklarda eser hakkında nakledilen eksik ve yanlış bilgilerin tekmil ve tashih edilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Buna ilaveten eserde müfessirin âyetlerin yorumunda takip ettiği metotlar, ele aldığı ana konular ve başvurduğu kaynaklar değerlendirmeye tâbi tutulmuştur. Çalışmada ayrıca Âbidin Paşa’nın müfessir kimliğinin daha iyi anlaşılmasına katkı sunması maksadıyla Fâtiha sûresi yorumunun Latinize edilmiş metnine yer verilmiştir.
Peygamberler İlahi Yardımdan Ümit Keser mi? -Yûsuf Sûresi 110. Âyet Bağlamında Bir Değerlendirme-
Authors: Temel Ali , Kılınçlı Sami
Published: April 2024

Kur’anı- Kerim Hz. Peygamber ve sahabiler tarafından anlaşılmış ve tatbik edilmiştir. Bu anlama ve ya-şama tefsirin nesnel zeminini oluşturmakla birlikte Hz. Peygamber sonrasında bilgi, yaklaşım, kıraat ve rivayet farklılıkları gibi sebeplerle birçok âyetin anlam ve yorumunda ihtilaflar gündeme gelmiştir. Bu şekilde ihtilafa konu olan âyetlerden biri de Yûsuf 110. âyettir. Nakledilen bilgilerden âyet bağlamında müfessirlerin peygamberlerin neyden, kimden ve kimlerden niçin ümidini kesip kesmediğini; kim ve kimlerin ne hakkında zanda bulunup bulunmadıklarını tartıştıkları görülmektedir. Tefsir ve kıraat kaynak-larında yer alan bu görüşlerden hangisinin en isabetli olduğunun tespit edilmeye çalışıldığı bu çalışmada konu klasik ve modern kaynaklar bağlamında ele alınmıştır. Konu peygamberlerin ismeti ile ilişkilendiril-diği için ismetin nasıl anlaşıldığı ve anlaşılması gerektiğine de yer verilmiştir. Tefsir kaynaklarındaki bilgi-lerden Mukâtil, Taberî, İbn Âşûr gibi müfessirlerin âyeti “peygamberlerin kavimlerinin imanından ümit kesip, onların kendilerini yalanladıkları”; Hz. Âişe’nin “peygamberlerin kavimlerinin imanından ümit kesip, ilahi yardımın geleceği konusunda mü’minlerin kendilerini yalanladıklarını düşündükleri” ve İbn Abbâs, Zemahşerî, İbn Teymiye, Bikâî ve Seyyid Kutup gibi müfessirlerin “peygamberlerin nefislerinin de etkisiyle ilahi destek ve azabın geleceğinden ümit kesip, Yüce Allah’ın vaadinin gerçekliği konusunda zanda bulundukları” şeklinde anladıkları görülmektedir. Müfessirlerin anlam tercihlerinde asıl belirleyici olanın peygamber tasavvurları ve ismet algıları olduğu için kıraat ve anlam tercihlerinin de buna göre şekillendiği tespit edilmiştir. İsmet konusunun günahsızlık ve masumluk gibi anlaşılmasının insanlığa üsve-i hasene olarak gösterilen peygamberler başta olmak üzere genel olarak insanın imkân ve sınırları-nın yanlış anlaşılmasına sebebiyet verdiği de görülmektedir. Sonuç olarak, âyetin ismet düşüncesi kapsa-mına alınmadan, Yûsuf sûresinin bağlamı, âyet bütünlüğü ile Hz. Nuh, Yûnus, Ya‘kûb ve Yûsuf gibi peygamberlerin imtihan süreçlerinde yaşadıkları çerçevesinde değerlendirilerek “nefislerinin de etkisiyle kısa bir zaman için ilahi yardımdan ümit kesmeleri” şeklinde anlaşılmasının en isabetli görüş olduğu anlaşılmaktadır.
Kur’an’da Enfüs (أنفس) Kelimesi -İlgili Terkiplerin Türkçeye Doğru Çevrilmesi Yönünde Mütevazı Bir Katkı-
Authors: Sülün Murat
Published: April 2024

Dinî ilimlere ait ıstılahların geçtiği âyetlerin doğru anlaşılıp isabetli yorumlanarak Türkçeye hakkıyla aktarılması hem Tefsir ilmi açısından hem de Kur’an çeviri teknikleri açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Sözgelimi temel İslâm bilimlerinde terim hâline gelen iman, küfr, âyet, kur’ân, salât, zekât, kıble gibi Kur’an kavramlarının anlaşılmasında genelde sıkıntı yaşanmakta; bu kelimeler meallerde genelde Kur’an sonrası ilmî disiplinlerde kazandıkları anlamlara çekil-mektedir. Bu zorluğun aşılması için, Kelâm, Tasavvuf, Fıkıh gibi disiplinlerde ıstılah hâline gelen kelimelerin seküler kök anlamları ana kaynaklardan iyi tespit edilmeli ve vârit oldukları âyetlerin bağlamlarına dikkat edilmelidir. Bu usule uyulmadan gerçekleştirilen anlama ve çeviri faaliyetlerinin, Kur’an ve tefsir okurlarını yanlış yönlendireceği, Kur’an’ın anlamı hakkında olumsuz etkileyeceği muhakkaktır. Meal okurları Allah kelâmını okuduklarını zannederlerken, bir kısım meal yazarının şahsî anlayışlarını ve zümrevî yanlışlarını okuyor olma riskiyle karşı karşıya kalabil-mektedirler. Mezkûr sıkıntının, enfüslü terkiplerde de yaşandığı görülmektedir. Enfüsün İslâm düşüncesinde yaygın bir kullanımı bulunan nefs kelimesinin çoğulu oluşu zorluğu iyice pekiştirmektedir. Dolayısıyla makalede enfüsün ve ilgili terkiplerin manaları belirginleştirilmeye çalışılacaktır. Makalenin odak noktası; “kendi” kavramının fert ve toplum olarak farklı olduğudur. “İnsanın kendisi”ni ifade eden nefsin çoğulu olarak enfüs, “fertlerden oluşan muhatap kitlenin kendisi”ni ifade etmektedir ama ilgili toplumun, “bizzat kendisi”ne yönelik çeşitli tutumları, geçtiği âyetin muhtevasına göre o toplumu oluşturan fertlerin “birbirlerine” karşı sergiledikleri tutumlara dönüşebilmektedir.