bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicted survival of patients with human immunodeficiency virus-associated non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma based on clinical and imaging factors: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Ren Meiji , Jiang Dongmei , Pan Ziang , Shi Yuxin , Liu Jinxin , Wang Xing , Lu Zhiyan , Gong Xiaoming , Hu Tianli , Li Li , Li Wenfei , Li Xueqin , Xia Shuang , Li Hongjun
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) has a poor prognosis and serious risk of mortality. Furthermore, the clinical and imaging characteristics differ between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and HIV-negative NHL. We aimed to create a nomogram based on imaging, clinical, and laboratory indicators to predict the mortality risk of patients with HIV-positive NHL.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A total of 306 patients were enrolled. The training cohort comprised 194 patients with HIV-positive NHL treated at four Chinese medical centers between April 2012 and October 2020. A series of statistical methods were used to screen potential predictive factors for inclusion in a prognostic nomogram. The performance of the nomogram was assessed by internal validation, external validation, and clinical utility. The independent external verification cohort comprised 112 patients treated between January 2013 and November 2020.

RESULTS:

After investigating 39 potentially predictive factors, a nomogram containing eight factors (three imaging factors, four clinical factors, and one HIV-infection special factor) was developed. Internal and external validation revealed good discrimination (concordance index: 0.837 vs. 0.817; 95% confidence interval, 0.826–0.848 vs. 0.798–0.836) and excellent calibration. Regarding the clinical utility, our nomogram was more accurate in predicting survival than the International Prognostic Index (area under the curve, 0.9217 vs. 0.8150; sensitivity, 0.85 vs. 0.67; and specificity, 0.89 vs. 0.87). The nomogram identified low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk groups with 1-year survival rates of 95%, 59%, and 2%, respectively.

CONCLUSION:

The nomogram model based on imaging, clinical, and laboratory indicators may be useful in predicting the treatment efficacy and long-term mortality risk of patients with HIV-positive NHL. This may provide a new scientific basis for clinical decision-making.
Lamellar surgeries with SMILE-derived lenticules
Authors: Ganesh Sri , Brar Sheetal , Chopra Riya
Published: March 2024

PURPOSE:

Lamellar surgeries with SMILE lenticules are an evolving field of refractive surgery. This chapter intends to discuss the reported clinical results of using SMILE derived lenticules in terms of feasibility, safety and predictability; or the potential management of hyperopia, keratoconus, SMILE ectasia and presbyopia.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Donor SMILE lenticules were prepared under microscope tocreate doughnut shaped lenticules. For hyperopia, this tissue was then inserted into afemtosecond laser enabled pocket created using VisuMax FS Laser at a depth of 160µm. For ectasia induced by keratoconus and post refractive procedure (SMILE), 0.23% riboflavin dye was instilled into the interface and then lenticule was inserted followed by exposure to UV-A radiation with total energy of 6.3 J.

RESULTS:

Spherical equivalent (S.E.) of within ± 0.5 D was observed in 50% (n=21) eyes and within 1 D was seen in 71% eyes treated for hyperopia. A significant increase in the K mean anterior, central corneal thickness, Q-value and corneal aberrations was seen 2 weeks post-op. Clinical improvement in terms of S.E. and uncorrected distance visual acuity in eyes treated for ectasia after keratoconus and post refractive procedure (SMILE) was seen.

CONCLUSION:

With the ample availability of SMILE- derived lenticules, researchers are exploring the possibility of using this tissue for the treatment of various refractive and corneal conditions.
Cold and Hot Syndromes in Traditional Chinese Medicine: Insights from the Perspective of Immunometabolic Homeostasis
Authors: Chen Pan , Wang Bo-Yang , Zhang Peng , Li Shao
Published: March 2024

The core principle of diagnosis and treatment in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is the identification of different syndromes. Cold and hot syndromes are important elements in TCM theory. Identifying the biological basis of cold and hot syndromes in TCM will help elucidate TCM theories scientifically, thus promoting precise treatment in TCM. Although the biological basis of cold/hot syndromes in TCM remains poorly understood, growing evidence suggests that immunometabolic interactions play an important role in balancing cold and hot syndromes. Immunometabolism involves complex interactions between the immune and metabolic systems. Multilevel mechanisms of interaction between the immune and metabolic systems may underlie many inflammatory diseases and offer substantial therapeutic promise. Therefore, dissecting the relationship between immunometabolism and the biological network of cold/hot syndromes has become a priority. This article reviews the progress of cold/hot syndrome research from the perspective of immunometabolic homeostasis, thus further clarifying cold/hot syndromes in TCM.
Linear independence of series related to the Thue–Morse sequence along powers
Authors: Coons Michael , Tachiya Yohei
Published: March 2024

The Thue–Morse sequence
$\{t(n)\}_{n\geqslant 0}$
is the indicator function of the parity of the number of ones in the binary expansion of nonnegative integers n, where
$t(n)=1$
(resp.
$=0$
) if the binary expansion of n has an odd (resp. even) number of ones. In this paper, we generalize a recent result of E. Miyanohara by showing that, for a fixed Pisot or Salem number
$\beta>\sqrt {\varphi }=1.272019\ldots $
, the set of the numbers
$$\begin{align*}1,\quad \sum_{n\geqslant1}\frac{t(n)}{\beta^{n}},\quad \sum_{n\geqslant1}\frac{t(n^2)}{\beta^{n}},\quad \dots, \quad \sum_{n\geqslant1}\frac{t(n^k)}{\beta^{n}},\quad \dots \end{align*}$$
is linearly independent over the field
$\mathbb {Q}(\beta )$
, where
$\varphi :=(1+\sqrt {5})/2$
is the golden ratio. Our result yields that for any integer
$k\geqslant 1$
and for any
$a_1,a_2,\ldots ,a_k\in \mathbb {Q}(\beta )$
, not all zero, the sequence {
$a_1t(n)+a_2t(n^2)+\cdots +a_kt(n^k)\}_{n\geqslant 1}$
cannot be eventually periodic.
Planar kinematics: cyclic fixed points, mirror superpotential, $k$-dimensional Catalan numbers, and root polytopes
Authors: Cachazo Freddy , Early Nick
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we prove that points in the space

X(k,n)

of configurations of

n

points in

\mathbb{CP}^{k-1}

which are fixed under a certain cyclic action are the solutions to the generalized scattering equations on planar kinematics (PK). In the first part, we give a constructive upper bound: we show that these solutions inject into certain aperiodic

k

-element subsets of

\{1,\dotsc,n\}

, and consequently that their number is bounded above by the number of Lyndon words with

k

ones and

n-k

zeros. The proof uses a somewhat surprising connection between the superpotential of the mirror of

G(n-k,n)

and the generalized CHY potential on

X(k,n)

. We also check the recent conjecture that generalized biadjoint amplitudes evaluate to

k

-dimensional Catalan numbers on PK for several examples including

k=3

and

n\leq 40

and

(k,n)=(6,13)

. We then reformulate the CEGM generalized biadjoint scalar amplitude directly as a Laplace transform-type integral over

\mathrm{Trop}^{+} G(k,n)

, and we use it to evaluate the amplitude on PK with the purpose of exhibiting how generalized Feynman diagrams glue together. We initiate the study of two minimal lattice polytopal neighborhoods of the planar kinematics point. One of these, the rank-graded root polytope

\mathcal{R}_{k,n}

, in the case

k=2

, is a projection of the standard type A root polytope. The other, denoted by

\prod_{k,n}

, in the case

k=2

, is a degeneration of the associahedron. We check up to and including

\mathcal{R}_{3,9}

and

\mathcal{R}_{4,9}

that the relative volume of

\mathcal{R}_{k,n}

is the multi-dimensional Catalan number

C^{(k)}_{n-k}

, hinting towards the possibility of deeper geometric and combinatorial interpretations of

m^{(k)}(\mathbb{I}_{n},\mathbb{I}_{n})

near the PK point.
Effective interface conditions for a porous medium type problem
Authors: Ciavolella Giorgia , David Noemi , Poulain Alexandre
Published: March 2024

Motivated by biological applications on tumour invasion through thin membranes, we study a porous medium type equation where the density of the cell population evolves under Darcy’s law, assuming continuity of both the density and flux velocity on the thin membrane which separates two domains. The drastically different scales and mobility rates between the membrane and the adjacent tissues lead to consider the limit as the thickness of the membrane approaches zero. We are interested in recovering the
effective interface problem
and the transmission conditions on the limiting zero-thickness surface, formally derived by Chaplain et al. (2019), which are compatible with nonlinear generalized Kedem–Katchalsky ones. Our analysis relies on a priori estimates and compactness arguments as well as on the construction of a suitable extension operator, which allows us to deal with the degeneracy of the mobility rate in the membrane, as its thickness tends to zero.
Multi-component conserved Allen–Cahn equations
Authors: Grasselli Maurizio , Poiatti Andrea
Published: March 2024

We consider a multi-component version of the conserved Allen–Cahn equation proposed by J. Rubinstein and P. Sternberg in 1992 as an alternative model for phase separation. In our case, the free energy is characterized by a mixing entropy density which belongs to a large class of physically relevant entropies like, for example, the Boltzmann–Gibbs entropy. We establish the well-posedness of the Cauchy–Neumann problem with respect to a natural notion of (finite) energy solution which is more regular under appropriate assumptions and is strictly separated from pure phases if the initial datum is. We then prove that the energy solution becomes more regular and strictly separated instantaneously. Also, we show that any finite energy solution converges to a unique equilibrium. The validity of a dissipative inequality (identity for strong solutions) allows us to analyze the problem within the theory of infinite-dimensional dissipative dynamical systems. On account of the obtained results, we can associate to our problem a dissipative dynamical system and we can prove that it has a global attractor as well as an exponential attractor.
Классификация $(v,5)$-конфигураций для $v\leqslant 11$
Authors: Komiagin Maxim Mikhailovich
Published: March 2024

В работе изучаются комбинаторные объекты - $(v,k)$-конфигурации при $k=5$. Доказывается теорема о необходимых и достаточных условиях комбинаторной эквивалентности $(v,5)$-конфигураций, построенных по орграфам с двумя входными и двумя выходными дугами у каждой вершины. Разработаны алгоритмы построения $(v,5)$-конфигураций и выявления среди них комбинаторно эквивалентных. На их основе получено описание всех $(v,5)$-конфигураций при $v\leqslant 10$ и указывается число комбинаторно не эквивалентных $(11,5)$-конфигураций.
О билинейной сложности умножения $3\times 2$ матрицы на $2\times 3$ матрицу
Authors: Burichenko Vladimir Petrovich
Published: March 2024

Доказано, что над любым коммутативным кольцом билинейная сложность операции умножения $3\times 2$ матрицы на $2\times3$ матрицу равна $15$. Иными словами, известная схема Хопкрофта - Керра для умножения таких матриц является оптимальной, при любой области скаляров.
Сильно надкритический ветвящийся процесс в случайной среде при условии отдаленного вырождения
Authors: Afanasyev Valeriy Ivanovich
Published: March 2024

Пусть $Z_i,i=0,1,…\}$ - сильно надкритический ветвящийся процесс в случайной среде. Предполагается, что законы размножения частиц в различных поколениях являются геометрическими. Пусть $T$ - момент вырождения указанного процесса. Показано, что координаты случайного вектора $(Z_{0},Z_{1},…,Z_{n})$ с отдаленными друг от друга и от $0$ и $n$ номерами асимптотически независимы при условии, что $n<T<+\infty$, $n\rightarrow \infty $, и имеют одинаковое предельное распределение.
An Adapted ARP-Based Approach for the System Safety Assessment of Electric-Propulsion Thermal Runaway Hazards
Authors: Hanna Michael , Walker Cherizar
Published: March 2024

The global electric and hybrid aircraft market utilizing lithium-ion Energy Storage Systems (ESS) as a means of propulsion, is experiencing a period of extraordinary growth. We are witnessing the development of some of the most cutting-edge technology, and with that, some of the most complex challenges that we as an industry have ever faced. The primary challenge, and the most critical cause of concern, is a phenomenon known as a “Thermal Runaway”, in which the lithium-ion cell enters an uncontrollable, self-heating state, that if not contained, can propagate into a catastrophic fire in the aircraft. A Thermal Runaway (TR) can be caused by internal defects, damage, and/or abuse caused by an exceedance of its operational specifications, and it is a chemical reaction that cannot be stopped once the cell has reached its trigger temperature. There are many technical papers that explore the characteristics of battery cells and the TR as a failure mode, but the failure mechanism(s) are still not clear. In addition, there have been several publicized incidents of TR that has added pressure to the already steep challenge of how to quantify these failures without extensive data – since the emergence of ESS as a means for propulsion, being still relatively new. When there is not enough confidence in the data collection and analysis for these failure modes, the question remains to how we can perform a robust system safety assessment. This paper will help the reader to understand some of the characteristics of a Thermal Runaway and propose an adapted ARP-based approach for conducting the system safety assessment of an ESS, utilizing both qualitative and quantitative ARP 4761 methods.
Robotic Drilling: A Review of Present Challenges
Authors: Cho Yun Hang , Sawyer Daniela , Burkinshaw Christopher , Scraggs Chris
Published: March 2024

In numerous industries such as aerospace and energy, components must perform under significant extreme environments. This imposes stringent requirements on the accuracy with which these components are manufactured and assembled. One such example is the positional tolerance of drilled holes for close clearance applications, as seen in the “EN3201:2008 Aerospace Series – Holes for metric fasteners” standard. In such applications, the drilled holes must be accurate to within ±0.1 mm. Traditionally, this required the use of Computerised Numerical Control (CNC) systems to achieve such tight tolerances. However, with the increasing popularity of robotic arms in machining applications, as well as their relatively lower cost compared to CNC systems, it becomes necessary to assess the ability of robotic arms to achieve such tolerances. This review paper discusses the sources of errors in robotic arm drilling and reviews the current techniques for improving its accuracy. The main sources of errors in robotic arm drilling are related to the robot arm positioning, the drilling processes, and the dimensional accuracy/quality of the workpiece being drilled. This paper focuses on two of these aspects: the robotic arm positioning and the drilling error. Hardware correction systems using vision, encoder and/or a combination of lasers are considered alongside software-based methods such as machine learning. This can implicitly improve the accuracy of robotic arms without any additional hardware. In addition, spatial interpolation techniques such as Kriging are also discussed in the context of gathering calibration data over a grid of points. From this paper, the reader will gain an understanding of the state-of-the-art, future trends and the potential work required to use robotic arms for drilling high-accuracy holes in aerospace applications.
Unsafe System Operating Conditions – Preventing a Bad Day from Becoming a Really Bad Day
Authors: Estagin Edward
Published: March 2024

The safety of commercial aviation industry has come under extensive scrutiny and how the system safety process is applied. One specific system safety regulation concerns how unsafe system operating conditions are meeting regulatory requirements. Minimal regulatory guidance was available on this topic and an industry committee (American Society for Testing of Materials) decided to provide a consensus standard with input from a cross-section of airplane manufacturers, suppliers, and regulatory authorities on what is meant by an unsafe system operating condition and how compliance can be shown to the regulation(s). The committee determined that an unsafe system operating condition is when a failure condition severity increases (to hazardous or catastrophic) due to crewmember(s) inaction. For example, if a hazard has occurred it is possible the severity can increase to an unacceptable level as the crewmember(s) are not aware of the hazard. Enabling the crewmember(s) to mitigate the failure condition is an extremely effective method to support continued safe flight and landing of the airplane. Once a failure condition has been identified as an unsafe system operating condition, safeguards must be utilized to mitigate a more severe failure condition from occurring. These safeguards may include: additional warning devices, aural alerts, inherent detection of the crewmember(s), and airplane flight manual procedures. One key aspect was to take credit for normal airmanship of the crewmembers. Taking credit for basic crewmember airmanship has been accepted in the past and it is extremely important to continue this concept again. Crewmembers are thoroughly trained and contain a unique skillset and not expecting them to apply basic airmanship is unrealistic while encountering a failure condition or hazard. The final step after identifying unsafe system operating conditions is to document this process and use it as part of the certification process. This process will enable that a consistent process is applied to all airplanes and ultimately result in a safer commercial aviation industry.
Opportunities, Challenges and Requirements for Use of Blockchain in Unmanned Aircraft Systems Operating Below 400ft Above Ground Level for Commercial Use
Authors: Rencher Robert , Manoharan Dinesh , R Prithiviraj , Ghimire Ritesh , Markou Chris , Fabre Chris , Roboff Mark , Budeanu Dragos , Walthall Rhonda , Veluri Sastry
Published: March 2024

The number of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) has been growing over the past few years and will continue to grow at a faster pace in the near future. UAS faces many challenges in certification, airspace management, operations, supply chain, and maintenance. Blockchain, defined as a distributed ledger technology for the enterprise that features immutability, traceability, automation, data privacy, and security, can help address some of these challenges. However, blockchain also has certain drawbacks and, additionally, it is still not fully mature. Hence it is essential to study how blockchain can help UAS. This Aerospace Information Report (AIR) presents the current opportunities, challenges of UAS operating at or below 400 ft Above Ground Level (AGL) altitude for commercial use and how blockchain can help meet these challenges. It also provides requirements for developing a blockchain solution for UAS along with the need for the standardization of blockchain enabled processes.
Analysis of Airworthiness Directives for Formulating Aircraft Sensor Solutions and Maintenance Strategies
Authors: Rasaq Lukmon , Ferguson Korbin , Yadav Om , Kyle Blond , Siddula Madhuri
Published: March 2024

Airworthiness Directives (ADs) serve as a medium through which commercial and military regulators improve the system’s performance by responding to the failure of the airplanes. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and United States Air Force (USAF) provide ADs that detail overall cost on operators. The dataset derived from the Boeing 767 (B767) and its military derivatives, USAF’s KC-46A gives ideas into sensor solutions and maintenance approaches that may reduce these costs. Given the ADs significant costs for Boeing 767 operations, an analytical failure framework that determines the failure modes and failure mechanisms is introduced. For example, a huge portion of severe impairment (e.g., cracking, corrosion, and chafing) constitutes 27% of failure mechanisms in these systems. To reduce future B767 ADs for commercial and military operators, sensor solution and maintenance strategies using performance metric and genetic algorithm are assessed. As a result, maintenance downtimes may be decreased by this framework by providing prompt warning to any fault that would require time and money to fix.
Telescope Baffle Mass Simulator Design Using Shape Optimization
Authors: Krishna Murali MR
Published: March 2024

A case study of an application of Shape optimization techniques in the design of a mass simulator has been presented. A simple mass Simulator is to be designed as a replacement for a Telescope Baffle Mass for testing purposes. The simulator is made of simple plate structures like flat plates and cylindrical plates joined together. The overall mass, location of center of gravity and first few modes of the simulator need to be close to the Telescope Baffle, it is replacing. This ensures that the Simulator is a good replacement for the Telescope Baffle both in statics and dynamics performance. Shape Optimization techniques using approximate direct linearization method of MSC/Nastran software have been used to fine-tune the baseline Simulator design to achieve target properties of mass, cg, frequencies, etc.
Considerations for Requirements and Specifications of a Digital Thread in Aircraft Data Life Cycle Management
Authors: Rencher Robert , Veluri Sastry , Chidambaran Narayanan , Walthall Rhonda , Fabre Chris , Markou Chris , Jones Ken , Budeanu Dragos , G.V.V. Ravi Kumar , Rajamani Ravi
Published: March 2024

The aircraft lifecycle involves thousands of transactions and an enormous amount of data being exchanged across the stakeholders in the aircraft ecosystem. This data pertains to various aircraft life cycle stages such as design, manufacturing, certification, operations, maintenance, and disposal of the aircraft. All participants in the aerospace ecosystem want to leverage the data to deliver insight and add value to their customers through existing and new services while protecting their own intellectual property. The exchange of data between stakeholders in the ecosystem is involved and growing exponentially. This necessitates the need for standards on data interoperability to support efficient maintenance, logistics, operations, and design improvements for both commercial and military aircraft ecosystems. A digital thread defines an approach and a system which connects the data flows and represents a holistic view of an asset data across its lifecycle. The digital thread framework addresses data flow procedures, data security, and data governance aspect. The digital thread includes as-designed requirements, validation and inspection records, certification information, as-manufactured data, as-operated data, and as-maintained data. This paper discusses the considerations for requirements, specifications, and framework of a digital thread in aircraft data lifecycle management.
Heat Treatment of Titanium Alloy Parts
Authors:   AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee
Published: March 2024

This specification establishes the engineering requirements for the heat treatment of titanium and titanium alloy parts. Heat treatment of raw material by raw material producers, forge shops, or foundries shall be in accordance with the material procurement specification AMS-H-81200.
Aluminum Alloy, Sheet and Plate, 6.3Cu - 0.30Mn - 0.06Ti - 0.10V - 0.18Zr, Solution Heat Treated, Cold Worked (8%) and Naturally Aged (2219 -T37)
Authors:   AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Published: March 2024

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of sheet and plate 0.020 to 5.000 inches (0.51 to 127.00 mm) in nominal thickness (see 8.5).
Steel, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Bars, Wire, Forgings, and Stock for Forgings, 18Cr - 13Ni - 2.1Mo (316FM) Free Machining Solution Heat Treated
Authors:   AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Published: March 2024

This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant steel in the form of bars, wire, forgings, and forging stock.
Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Bars, Wire, Forgings and Forging Stock 17Cr - 0.52Mo (0.95 - 1.20C) (440C) Powder Metallurgy Product, Hot Isostatically Pressed
Authors:   AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Published: March 2024

This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel, consolidated by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) product from prealloyed powder, in the form of bars, wire, forgings, and forging stock.
Titanium Alloy Bars, Forgings, and Forging Stock, 5Al - 2.5Sn, Extra Low Interstitial, Annealed
Authors:   AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee
Published: March 2024

This specification covers a titanium alloy in the form of bars up through 4.000 inches (101.60 mm), inclusive, in nominal diameter or least distance between parallel sides, forgings of thickness up through 4.000 inches (101.60 mm), inclusive, and stock for forging of any size (see 8.7).
Storage, Handling, and Shipping of Aircraft Wheel and Tire Assemblies
Authors:   A-5 Aerospace Landing Gear Systems Committee
Published: March 2024

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) identifies the best practices to reduce damage and promote safety during the storage, handling, and shipping of W/T assemblies.
Standard Four-Letter Coding as an Identification Method for Alternative Fuel Vehicles
Authors:   Hybrid - EV Committee
Published: March 2024

SAE J3108 RP provides fuel and hazard guidance for first and second responders of incidents associated with alternative fueled vehicles. The intent of this SAE J3108-1 RP is to remain with the limited number of seven intuitive and colored letters contained in each of the first two letter positions (72=49). However, the use of four letters plus nine digits (to not use either 0 or o) permits up to 1185921 unique identifiers (334) for future expansion.

The RP is not intended to replace the standards for SAE J2990 format emergency response guide (ERG) created by automotive manufacturers for use at the scene of an emergency. Automotive OEMs are encouraged to reference this RP for industry design guidance when creating vehicle requirements and ERGs. This coding should be consistent with other vehicle badging with the goal of providing additional clarity.

This RP does not include detailed equipment and procedures such as tools, personal protective equipment, or other aspects required for addressing vehicles which have been involved in accidents or incidents. Other documents providing those aspects are listed in the list of references.

This RP is independent of existing U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) hazardous labeling and nomenclature provided by Code of Federal Regulations Part 49. The ten hazard symbols and four levels of severity rating are insufficient to identify the unique aspects of configurations which may be specific to various vehicles designs. Those symbols are typically not used on the passenger types of vehicles this RP is meant for. This document also does not supersede current DOT requirements, U.S. Federal Regulations, or other regional regulations for identifying vehicle fuel and critical first responder information.
Interconnections Between Toponym Etymology and Historical Dialectology
Authors: Bába Barbara
Published: March 2024

Certain dialectal phonological oppositions can be especially complex in terms of their genesis. The phonological binaries developing as a result of various changes may also reflect different attributes in terms of both chronology and regional variation. Thus, when conducting studies in historical dialectology, the investigation of sound changes behind dialectal phonological oppositions is a priority. This necessitates the etymological analysis of toponyms or their appellative components serving as records of such phonological oppositions. I discuss how toponym etymology may prove useful for historical dialectology. The awareness of the etymology of certain toponyms may indicate early phonological changes that could not otherwise be detected due to lack of data. In other cases, it is exactly toponym etymology that may help us argue that variability between data is not the result of sound changes but only of orthographic inconsistency. I also wish to highlight that toponym etymology does not always provide strong guidance for historical dialectology. The weakness of such studies is often represented by uncertain etymologies that only refer to deduced personal names or toponymic etymons.
On the Slavicity of Several Place Names in North-Eastern Bavaria
Authors: Bichlmeier Harald
Published: March 2024

In his 2015 PhD thesis (published 2016) J. Andraschke investigated the oldest Germanic layers of names in North-Eastern Bavaria. In the course of the book the author deprived more than three dozen toponyms of their (traditional) Slavic etymologies and claimed them to be of West Germanic origin. This was mostly done without really discussing the Slavic etymologies. This author’s research done into the etymologies of those names, however, betrays a certain lack of knowledge of historical phonology. A re-evaluation of the data showed that hardly any of those West-Germanic etymologies are better than any of the ‘traditional’ Slavic ones. As examples will serve Feustritz/Pewstritz/Beußdrytz < Comm. Slav. *bystrica ‘quickly flowing river’ (not < WGerm. *fû-str-itja- ‘foul ground’?), Gleußen < Comm. Slav. *glušina ‘thicket, bushes’ (not < WGerm. *glūsina ‘glow’), Feuln < Comm. Slav. *bylina ‘kind of plant’ (not < WGerm. *fūlina ‘foul ground, swamp’?). Finally, a new etymology can be proposed for the microtoponym Keltz (which the above-mentioned author in his PhD thesis unconvincingly connected with some other toponyms in North-Western Germany). It seems much easier to derive it from Comm. Slav. *kalьcь, the diminutive to *kalъ ‘swamp, mud’, a word which elsewhere in Slavic speaking communities also serves as (micro-)toponym. Moreover, more precise criteria for giving the exact dates of when Slavic names were taken over into Old/Middle High German in North-Eastern Bavaria shall be given, where possible.
Towards a List of Place Names in Coptic
Authors: Engsheden Åke
Published: March 2024

This is a report on a project aiming to create a list of place names from Coptic textual sources. After an overview of the history of research concerning Coptic place names, I describe my method and the material on which the list is based. So far it consists mainly of attestations that have been extracted from the indexes of text editions of documentary texts. The relevant bibliography has been compiled by consulting the “Checklist of Editions” used in papyrological studies. Attestations from literary texts will hopefully be added later. I discuss also how best to alphabetize Coptic place names and argue for the use of an alphabetical order instead of the consonantal sorting order which is normally used in modern Coptic dictionaries. A sample page from the name list is provided. Finally, I suggest that a synchronic point of view should be taken in the subsequent onomastic analysis which is based on the list resulting from this project.
Norse Women in Uist Place Names: An Onomastic Perspective
Authors: Evemalm-Graham Sofia
Published: March 2024

There is a large body of research which deals with the place names coined by the Norse in Scotland during the Scandinavian period of settlement. But how were the Norse, especially Norse women, remembered and imagined by subsequent users of these names? This paper presents a selection of place names that reflect associations with Norse women after the period of Scandinavian settlement in the Hebrides of Scotland and explores how these names were understood by later Gaelic-speakers. The paper presents case studies of two place names: Tobha Mòr/Howmore in South Uist and Uineabhal in North Uist. These place names, and the narratives associated with them, are examined in their onomastic and cultural context.
North and South of the Border: Parallel Place Name Research in Ireland
Authors: Kane Frances , Ó Gliasáin Justin , Bhreathnach Úna
Published: March 2024

Irish language place-names were largely recorded in non-standardized anglicized spelling, which is variously subject to influences like diverging dialects, and socio-historical change. Following the partition of Ireland in 1921, place name research and authority is disconnected. In the Republic of Ireland, Irish is the first official language, reflected in support via a number of statutory bodies. The Placenames Committee within the Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht (Government of Ireland) is the main authority on place names, and advises government on official place names as defined in legislation (Official Languages Act, 2003). The Logainm.ie place names database and Meitheal Logainm.ie community place name collection project, developed by Dublin City University, reflect further Government support for place-name scholarship and usage. Irish has (currently) no similar legal protection in Northern Ireland, and therefore no official requirement for Irish versions of names for administrative or other purposes. Despite this, the Northern Ireland Place-Name Project (NIPNP), based in Queen’s University, Belfast (currently funded by the Northern Ireland Executive, conducts research on the origins of place names. This paper outlines the background and current state of place name research in Ireland in both jurisdictions, and highlights areas of overlap and future all-Ireland collaboration.
Official Toponyms and Their Dialectal Variants: The Influence of the Dialectal Forms of Moroccan Place Names
Authors: Malak Alasli
Published: March 2024

Morocco displays strong multilingualism where several languages coexist: Standard Arabic, Berber (Amazigh), French, Spanish, and Moroccan Arabic (Darija) – the vernacular language. Nonetheless, following independence, the country’s ideological choices in terms of cultural policy pushed for the Arabization of toponyms. To provide high-quality geographic information, place names should be accurate and identifiable in the field not only by the inhabitants themselves but also by the visitors. Place names are rather close to everyday life and thus used mostly in their vernacular form, denoting phonetic or semantic alterations. Various research has shown the interrelation between dialectology and onomastics, hence the importance of considering dialects in the study of place names. This study aims to investigate whether examining and considering the dialectal variants is essential. It seeks to provide a comprehensive toponymic data set of Morocco, where the motivation is better identification of the place in question by adhering to the correct usage in both written and spoken practice. The onymic items were collected from native speakers of the geographical varieties and oral tradition. The differences in the linguistic features are analyzed, and follow-up investigations will seek to examine whether any discrepancy between the official and the vernacular form of toponym will be observed.
Венгерско-славянские языковые контакты в Карпатском бассейне (на основе тoпонимов одной ранней грамоты)
Authors: Pelczéder Katalin
Published: March 2024

Периодом самых интенсивных венгерско-славянских контактов считаются X–ХI века, на что указывают многочисленные заимствования из славянских языков. Большинство слов, носивших субстратный характер, пришло в венгерский язык из языков славян, заселявших некоторые ареалы Карпатского бассейна и впоследствии ассимилированных. Однако в XI веке процесс ассимиляции еще не закончился, и заселение новых славянских групп тоже продолжалось. Такая языковая ситуация, характерная для XI века, естественно отражается и в ранних географических названиях, и способствует ее более полному описанию. Главным источником моего исследования является ранний памятник венгерской письменности, а именно перепись, написанная по-латински и составленная в бенедиктинском монастыре местности Баконьбель. Грамота, содержащая 112 топонимов, большинство которых находилось в Задунaвье, где славяне уже жили и до завоевания родины венграми, возникла в 1086-м году. В своем исследовании я придерживалась принципов исторической реконструкции топонимов. Такое многогранное исследование имеет несколько преимуществ перед методикой традиционной этимологии, которые особенно важны для языковой и этнической реконструкции. Я также сравниваю мoй результат с топонимическим материалом семи других недавно проанализированных дипломов XI века. На основе изучения географических названий нельзя ожидать точного ответа на вопрос, какой этнос заселял данную территорию и какова была его численность, однако можно сделать выводы о том, кем были даны названия и кем они могли быть использованы во время написания грамоты. Это значит, что топонимы этой грамоты ХI века могут служить важным источником масштаба славянского языкового влияния того времени.
Using Google My Maps to Collect Vernacular Toponyms
Authors: Racca Sara
Published: March 2024

The collection of vernacular toponyms often requires gathering data directly from the voice of speakers who live in the territory being investigated. The COVID-19 pandemic, however, reminds us that fieldwork can become unfeasible under certain circumstances. The pandemic provided an opportunity to reflect on remote collection possibilities: this is how a project regarding the vernacular urban toponymy of an Italian town (Savigliano, Piedmont) became a case study in experimenting with new methods to gather toponymic data. Some features of the well-known web mapping service Google Maps provide an ideal set of useful tools for this purpose, and many are already employed in various scholarly works regarding different branches of knowledge. The specific feature explored in our case study is Google My Maps, an application that allows people to complete a map themselves by drawing areas and naming them with their corresponding place names. Each person that creates a map and shares it with the researcher (without meeting in person) becomes an informant. The experiment highlights some of the method’s strengths (no interpersonal contact; time and cost savings; no collector’s influence; easiness to export, store and analyse toponyms with IT tools). There are of course some weaknesses too (unbalanced sample, lack of oral communication, criticality when writing dialect forms, no contact between the researcher and the landscape). However, Google My Maps proves to be an excellent resource in supporting remote collection of toponyms, and it deserves to be considered not only during the pandemic emergency.
Toponymy and Geology in the Landscape
Authors: Planas-Batlle Xavier , Tort-Donada Joan , Corominas Jordi
Published: March 2024

The elements of the physical environment have long been the object of naming. Indeed, an area’s first inhabitants would have given names to places to satisfy their social need to locate themselves spatially and many of these names have been preserved until the present day. As such, place names reveal aspects of the landscape observed in the distant past by our ancestors. One such element of the physical environment is its geological features. Toponymy, in the case of the study of transparent place names in relation to aspects of the immediate terrain, is a useful tool in geology both for producing thematic maps and for locating and studying such features as caves, landslides and metal ores. At the same time, geology can help understand and clarify less transparent toponymic meanings and shed light on etymological hypotheses based on linguistic interpretations. This approach, supported by the compilation of background and comparative physiographic analyses of the geological characteristics of locations with similar place names, has considerable potential for identifying, recognizing and unravelling the origins of the names of many places. This paper presents a number of reciprocities identified between place names and their geology and assesses them as a tool for the recognition of physical features of the landscape.
Cross-Border Onomastic Systems of Western Ukraine and Eastern Poland: Synchronic and Diachronic Aspects
Authors: Redkva Yaroslav , Lukashchuk Michael
Published: March 2024

The paper presents a comparative synchronic and diachronic study of two cross-border oikonymic systems of western Ukraine and eastern Poland. We analyse the structure and semantics of Ukrainian and Polish oikonyms. The paper traces the evolution between two cross-border oikonymic systems on the structural and derivational levels. As a basis for structural and derivational comparison we put forward the idea of invariantness. A number of structural models are used for derivational level. We conduct an analysis of the semantics of words comprising the basis for place names that enables us to trace the development of semantic structures. The paper focuses on structural and lexical-semantic aspects that are of intralingual character; social, functional, psychological, and cognitive aspects aim at creating an ontological picture of analysed oikonymy as a social phenomenon. We study the problem of oikonym motivation in Polish and Ukrainian linguistic environments. The onomastic parallelism of Slavic cross-border oikonymic systems is a crucial new aspect of studies and plays an important role for theoretical onomastics. It also is a new approach for historical theoretical onomastics; principles of nomination production are a keystone for applied onomastics.
Farm- und Plantagennamen im kolonialen Usambara
Authors: Rieger Marie A.
Published: March 2024

Das Usambaragebirge im Nordosten des heutigen Tansania wurde während der deutschen Kolonialzeit zu einem der bevorzugten Ziele für die Gründung von landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben. Im Fall von kolonialer Besiedlung können die veränderten Besitzverhältnisse durch die Inanspruchnahme des droit de nommer sprachlich markiert werden. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Inventar von 102 landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben in deutschem Besitz im Hinblick auf die Namengebungspraxis untersucht. Dabei kann gezeigt werden, dass auf etwas mehr als ein Fünftel der Betriebe mit deutschen Namen referiert wird. Die meisten dieser Namen markieren die veränderten Eigentumsverhältnisse nicht nur durch die exonyme Form, sondern auch durch die Wahl des Modifikators. Bei den etwas weniger als achtzig Prozent der Farmen und Plantagen ohne exonymen Namen können zwei Fälle unterschieden werden: Werden diese Betriebe unter dem exonymen Namen eines größeren Ortes gelistet, so haben sie keinen eigenen Namen, sondern man muss ggf. mit Wendungen wie „die Pflanzung von Herrn X in (der Nähe von) Y“ Bezug nehmen. Bei Farmen und Plantagen, die die einzige Aktivität an einem Ort darstellen, zeigt sich dagegen die Tendenz, dass sie zunehmend mit dem endonymen Namen des Ortes identifiziert werden.
The Source Value of Toponyms in History
Authors: Tóth Valéria
Published: March 2024

When investigating the historical context (settlement and ethnic conditions) in the medieval Carpathian Basin (Kingdom of Hungary), the academic field of history also relies on information provided by proper names. This is due to the fact that in the first few centuries of Hungarian written culture, written documents are made up almost entirely of Latin charters; besides these, only four Hungarian texts have survived. Thus, during the early Old Hungarian Era, the tens of thousands of Latin charters provide the key sources for research in historical linguistics, and these are the sources that other fields in history may also rely on when trying to answer various scholarly questions. The Hungarian corpus of Latin charters is mostly made up of proper names as there was vested legal interest in recording these in the vernacular language (to ensure their role as identifiers); European charter writing in general also followed this approach and it obviously served as a model for Hungarian practice as well. The historical source value of the two proper name categories is not identical: there are major differences between toponyms and personal names in terms of the extent to which their use and systems are determined by linguistic factors and the degree to which name giving and name usage are influenced by extra-linguistic forces. For these circumstances, we may consider toponyms to be the more reliable of the two proper name categories when discussing questions related to history. In this paper I outline those scholarly problems in which we can rely on historical toponyms and those in which we cannot expect to move forward with the help of this group of sources.
KEMAMPUAN SISWA DALAM MEMAHAMI MATERI PESAWAT SEDERHANA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPA KELAS IX SMP NEGERI 4 SATU ATAP ENTIKONG
Authors: Noviyah Noviyah , Mustajab Amin , Minarti Veronica
Published: March 2024

Kurangnya pemahaman peserta didik dalam materi pesawat sederhana yang dijelaskan dalam pembelajaran fisika. Peningkatan pemahaman isi pelajaran menuntut peserta didik banyak berlatih mengenai pemahaman materi, keberhasilan dalam pembelajaran biasanya diukur dari bagaimana peserta didik memahami materi yang dipelajari. Semakin banyak peserta didik yang dapat mencapai tingkat pemahaman materi, maka semakin tinggi keberhasilan dalam pembelajaran tersebut. Penelitian ini membahas tentang kemampuan peserta didik untuk memahami materi pesawat sederhana dalam pembelajaran ilmu pengetahuan alam (IPA). Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah mengetahui bagaimana cara agar peserta didik  dapat memahami materi  pesawat sederhana dikelas IX SMP Negeri 4 Satu Atap Entikong. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kemampuan siswa dalam memahami materi pesawat sederhana dalam pembelajaran IPA di kelas IX SMP Negeri 4 Satu Atap Entikong. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMP Negeri 4 Satu Atap Entikong dengan subjek penelitian berjumlah 15 peserta didik. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes berbentuk soal pilihan ganda, data yang diperoleh dari hasil tes kemudian dianalisis menggunakan tabel kategori kemampuan peserta didik, kemudian untuk menentukan persentase dengan menggunakan rumus persentase.