bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On Disappointment in Terrorism, War, and Revolution: Boris Savinkov's What Didn't Happen and Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace
Authors: PATYK LYNN ELLEN
Published: January 2018

As a particularly high‐risk political strategy, terrorism is fraught with failure and disappointment for its adherents. Few scholars have concerned themselves with the disappointment of terrorists, for the simple reason that their failure is our success. But what do disappointed terrorists do?. I approach V. Ropshin's (Boris Savinkov's) novel of the failure of the 1905 Revolution, What Didn't Happen (1912), as a tour de force of disappointment. After directing some of the Socialist Revolutionaries' most sensational terrorist acts in 1904–5, Savinkov took a hiatus from terrorist activity to channel his despondency into literary work. Savinkov made recourse to Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace as a model that provided abundant resources for the expression of disappointment on multiple levels: the formal, the thematic, and the historiosophical. Through a close reading of the novel with reference to the distinction between disappointment and regret, I argue that commentators have misread Savinkov's novel as an expression of contrition and the repudiation of terrorism as an immoral means to achieve political goals. On the contrary, Savinkov's use of the Tolstoyan strategies to evoke disappointment enable him to reaffirm the terrorist “honor code” and provide a refurbished moral basis for the violence.
An adaptive method for clustering spatio‐temporal events
Authors: Li Zhilin , Liu Qiliang , Tang Jianbo , Deng Min
Published: December 2017

The clustering of spatio‐temporal events has become one of the most important research branches of spatio‐temporal data mining. However, the discovery of clusters of spatio‐temporal events with different shapes and densities remains a challenging problem because of the subjectivity in the choice of two critical parameters: the spatio‐temporal window for estimating the density around each event, and the density threshold for evaluating the significance of clusters. To make the clustering of spatio‐temporal events objective, in this study these two parameters were adaptively generated from statistical information about the dataset. More precisely, the density threshold was statistically modeled as an adjusted significance level controlled by the cardinality and support domain of the dataset, and the appropriate sizes of spatio‐temporal windows for clustering were determined by the spatio‐temporal classification entropy and stability analysis. Experiments on both simulated and earthquake datasets were conducted, and the results show that the proposed method can identify clusters of different shapes and densities.
Predicting the future of signaling for 2018
Authors: Yaffe Michael B.
Published: January 2018

Science Signaling
Chief Scientific Editor Michael B. Yaffe looks forward to what this year has in store for signaling research.
Familial pneumothorax: towards precision medicine
Authors: Scott Rachel M , Henske Elizabeth P , Raby Benjamin , Boone Philip M , Rusk Rosemary A , Marciniak Stefan J
Published: December 2017

One in 10 patients suffering from primary spontaneous pneumothoraces has a family history of the disorder. Such familial pneumothoraces can occur in isolation, but can also be the presentation of serious genetic disorders with life-threatening vascular or cancerous complications. As the pneumothorax frequently precedes the more dangerous complications by many years, it provides an opportunity to intervene in a focused manner, permitting the practice of precision medicine. In this review, we will discuss the clinical manifestations and underlying biology of the genetic causes of familial pneumothorax.
Geoelectric structure of the Great Slave Lake shear zone in northwest Alberta: implications for structure and tectonic history
Authors: Wang Enci , Unsworth Martyn , Chacko Thomas
Published: January 2018

The study of ancient plate boundaries can provide insights into the past and present-day tectonic processes. Here, we describe a magnetotellurics (MT) study of the Precambrian basement of the Hay River Fault (HRF) in northwest Alberta, which is the southwest segment of the Great Slave Lake shear zone. New broadband MT data were collected to give a clearer image of the crustal structure. The Western Canada Sedimentary Basin was imaged as a low-resistivity layer above the resistive crystalline basement. Four basement conductors were defined, and correlate with the terrane boundaries delineated with aeromagnetic data. These are (1) a major conductor in the Kiskatinaw domain, (2) a conductor on the boundary of the Ksituan and Chinchaga domains, (3) a conductor on the boundary of the Chinchaga and Buffalo Head domains, and (4) a conductor near the HRF. Both (1) and (2) correspond to areas of high seismic reflectivity. The low resistivity can be explained by interconnected grain boundary graphite or sulfide phases deposited by metamorphic fluid migration. The HRF was not definitively located in previous studies. The new data show that the HRF could be thin (1 km) or wide (10 km) and located at the boundary of the contrasting aeromagnetic anomalies or further to the north. Various tectonic processes are proposed to interpret the possible locations of the HRF. No electrical anisotropy structure is required to interpret the MT data in this study.
Crossover-model approach to QCD phase diagram, equation of state and susceptibilities in the 2+1 and 2+1+1 flavor systems
Authors: Miyahara Akihisa , Ishii Masahiro , Kouno Hiroaki , Yahiro Masanobu
Published: January 2018

We construct a simple model for describing the hadron–quark crossover transition by using lattice QCD (LQCD) data in the [Formula: see text] flavor system, and draw the phase diagram in the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] flavor systems through analyses of the equation of state (EoS) and the susceptibilities. In the present hadron–quark crossover (HQC) model, the entropy density [Formula: see text] is defined by [Formula: see text] with the hadron-production probability [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is calculated by the hadron resonance gas model that is valid in low temperature [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is evaluated by the independent quark model that explains LQCD data on the EoS in the region [Formula: see text] for the [Formula: see text] flavor system and [Formula: see text] for the [Formula: see text] flavor system. The [Formula: see text] is determined from LQCD data on [Formula: see text] and susceptibilities for the baryon-number [Formula: see text], the isospin [Formula: see text] and the hypercharge [Formula: see text] in the [Formula: see text] flavor system. The HQC model is successful in reproducing LQCD data on the EoS and the flavor susceptibilities [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] in the [Formula: see text] flavor system, without changing the [Formula: see text]. We define the hadron–quark transition temperature with [Formula: see text]. For the [Formula: see text] flavor system, the transition line thus obtained is almost identical in [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] planes, when the chemical potentials [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] are smaller than 250 MeV. This [Formula: see text] approximate equivalence is also seen in the [Formula: see text] flavor system. We plot the phase diagram also in [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] planes in order to investigate flavor dependence of transition lines. In the [Formula: see text] flavor system, [Formula: see text] quark does not affect the [Formula: see text] flavor subsystem composed of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. Temperature dependence of the off-diagonal susceptibilities and the [Formula: see text] show that the transition region at [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text] for both the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] flavor systems.
Universal informative CpG sites for inferring tumor purity from DNA methylation microarray data
Authors: Dou Haixia , Fang Yun , Zheng Xiaoqi
Published: December 2017

Tumor purity is an intrinsic property of tumor samples and potentially has severe impact on many types of data analysis. We have previously developed a statistical method, InfiniumPurify, which could infer purity of a tumor sample given its tumor type (available in TCGA) or a set of informative CpG (iDMC) sites. However, in many clinical practices, researchers may focus on a specific type of tumor samples that is not included in TCGA, and samples which are too few to identify reliable iDMCs. This greatly restricts the application of InfiniumPurify in cancer research. In this paper, we proposed an updated version of InfiniumPurify (termed as uiInfiniumPurify) through identifying a universal set of iDMCs (uiDMCs) and redesigning the algorithm to determine hyper- and hypo-methylation status of each uiDMC. Through the application, we estimated tumor purities of 8830 tumor samples from TCGA. Result shows that our estimates are highly consistent with those by other available methods. Consequently, the updated uiInfiniumPurify, can be applied to a single sample (or a few samples) of interest whose tumor type is not included in TCGA. This characteristic will greatly broaden the application of uiInfiniumPurify in cancer research.
Influence of Adalimumab on the Expression Profile of Genes Associated with the Histaminergic System in the Skin Fibroblasts In Vitro
Authors: Wcisło-Dziadecka Dominika , Grabarek Beniamin , Zmarzły Nikola , Skubis Aleksandra , Sikora Bartosz , Kruszniewska-Rajs Celina , Gola Joanna , Mazurek Urszula , Kucharz Eugeniusz
Published: January 2018

Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of adalimumab on expression profile of genes associated with the histaminergic system in Normal Human Dermal Fibroblast (NHDF) cells stimulated with 8.00 μg/ml of adalimumab and the identification of miRNAs regulating these genes’ expression. Methods. NHDFs were cultured with or without the presence of adalimumab for 2, 8, and 24 hours. The expression profile of genes and miRNA were determined with the use of microarray technology. Results. Among 22283 ID mRNA, 65 are associated with the histaminergic system. It can be observed that 15 mRNAs differentiate NHDFs cultures with adalimumab form control. The analysis of miRNAs showed that, among 1105 ID miRNA, 20 miRNAs are differentiating in cells treated with adalimumab for 2 hours, 9 miRNA after 8 hours, and only 3 miRNAs after 24 hours. Conclusion. It was also determined that miRNAs play certain role in the regulation of the expression of genes associated with the histaminergic system. The results of this study confirmed the possibility of using both genes associated with this system as well as miRNAs regulating their expression, as complementary molecular markers of sensitivity to the adalimumab treatment.
Deletion of NAD(P)H Oxidase 2 Prevents Angiotensin II-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy
Authors: Kadoguchi Tomoyasu , Takada Shingo , Yokota Takashi , Furihata Takaaki , Matsumoto Junichi , Tsuda Masaya , Mizushima Wataru , Fukushima Arata , Okita Koichi , Kinugawa Shintaro
Published: January 2018

Skeletal muscle atrophy is induced by an imbalance between protein synthesis and degradation. Our previous studies reported that angiotensin II (AII) directly induced muscle atrophy in mice. This study investigated the role of NAD(P)H oxidase 2 (Nox2) activation by AII in the induction of skeletal muscle atrophy. For 4 weeks, either saline (vehicle: V) or AII (1000 ng kg−1 min−1) was infused into male wild-type (WT) and Nox2 knockout (KO) mice via osmotic minipumps. Experiments were performed in the following 4 groups: WT + V, KO + V, WT + AII, and KO + AII. Body weight, muscle weight, and myocyte cross-sectional area were significantly decreased in WT + AII compared to WT + V mice, and these changes were not observed in KO + AII mice. Akt phosphorylation of Ser473 and p70S6K of Thr389 was decreased, gene expression levels of MuRF-1 and atrogin-1 were increased in WT + AII compared to WT + V, and these changes were significantly attenuated in KO + AII mice. The deletion of Nox2 prevented AII-induced skeletal muscle atrophy via improving the balance between protein synthesis and degradation. Therefore, Nox2 may be a therapeutic target for AII-induced skeletal muscle atrophy.
Velocity Regulation in Switched Reluctance Motors under Magnetic Flux Saturation Conditions
Authors: Hernández-Guzmán Victor M. , Orrante-Sakanassi Jorge , Mendoza-Mondragón Fortino
Published: January 2018

We propose a controller for velocity regulation in switched reluctance motors under magnetic flux saturation conditions. Both hysteresis and proportional control are employed in the internal electric current loops. A classical PI velocity controller is employed in the external loop. Our control law is the simplest one proposed in the literature but provided with a formal stability proof. We prove that the state is bounded having an ultimate bound which can be rendered arbitrarily small by a suitable selection of controller gains. Furthermore, this result stands when starting from any initial condition within a radius which can be arbitrarily enlarged using suitable controller gains. We present a simulation study where even convergence to zero of velocity error is observed as well as a good performance when regulating velocity in the presence of unknown step changes in external torque disturbances.
Incidence of a New Pest, the Cotton MealybugPhenacoccus solenopsisTinsley, on Sesame in North Ethiopia
Authors: Gebregergis Zenawi
Published: January 2018

Sesame(Sesamum indicum)is one of the most important cash crops grown extensively for its seeds in Ethiopia. Production of sesame in the country is very crucial in many aspects, but the invasion of the cotton mealybug,Phenacoccus solenopsisTinsley, is becoming a big deal in its production. A survey for mealybug infestation was conducted during 2016 production season in 15 localities of “Kafta Humera” district so as to assess the incidence and severity of the pest. In each locality 2 sesame farms have been selected and 6 samples per farm (2 samples from the road sides, 2 from camp surrounding, and 2 from the central part of the farms) have been checked. During the survey, “Bowal” and “Sherif Hamad” have scored the higher incidence and severity of mealybugs. Road sides and camp surrounding of the farms were shown to have severe infestation. Stony and oxen plowed farms were also intensively invaded with cotton mealybugs. The pest has different natural means to infest new areas; thus its control measure has to be developing timely.
A Sequential Compressed Spectrum Sensing Algorithm against SSDH Attack in Cognitive Radio Networks
Authors: Hu Zhuhua , Bai Yong , Cao Lu , Huang Mengxing , Xie Mingshan
Published: January 2018

Spectrum sensing is one of the key technologies in wireless wideband communication. There are still challenges in respect of how to realize fast and robust wideband spectrum sensing technology. In this paper, a novel nonreconstructed sequential compressed wideband spectrum sensing algorithm (NSCWSS) is proposed. Firstly, the algorithm uses a sequential spectrum sensing method based on history memory and reputation to ensure the robustness of the algorithm. Secondly, the algorithm uses the strategy of compressed sensing without reconstruction, which thus ensures the sensing agility of the algorithm. The algorithm is simulated and analyzed by using the centralized cooperative sensing. The theoretical analysis and simulation results reveal that, under the condition of ensuring the certain detection probability, the proposed algorithm effectively reduces complex computation of signal reconstruction, significantly reducing the wideband spectrum sampling rate. At the same time, in the cognitive wideband communication scenarios, the algorithm also achieves a better defense against the SSDF attack in spectrum sensing.
The Reliability and Validity of a Modified Squat Test to Predict Cardiopulmonary Fitness in Healthy Older Men
Authors: Yeh Chiu-Ping , Huang Hsien-Cheng , Chang Yaju , Chen Ming-De , Hsu Miaoju
Published: January 2018

Background. Shortcomings are noted in currently available cardiopulmonary field tests for the older adult and thus relevant research is still ongoing. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of a modified squat test and to establish a regression model for predicting aerobic fitness in the older adult. Methods. Twenty-five healthy men aged 60 to 75 years completed this study. Each subject performed two modified squat tests with a prototype testing equipment and a maximal exercise test to determine maximal oxygen consumption. Recovery heart rates (HR) (0~30, 60~90, and 120~150 seconds) were measured following the modified squat tests. The fitness indexes included the sum of recovery HR, recovery HR index, age-adjusted recovery HR index, and immediate HR. Results. The results revealed that the age-adjusted recovery HR index fitness had the highest intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of 0.9 and Pearson’s correlation coefficients of 0.71, which suggested the modified squat test can reasonably assess cardiopulmonary fitness for the older adult. The regression equation for estimating aerobic power was V˙O2max = 16.781 + 16.732 × (age-adjusted recovery HR index) + 0.02467 × (physical activity level). Conclusion. The modified squat test is a valid and reliable field test and thus can be an option to assess the cardiopulmonary fitness level of healthy older men in clinics or communities.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Whole Body Vibration in Stroke Patients: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Park Yoo Jung , Park Sun Wook , Lee Han Suk
Published: January 2018

Objectives. The goals of this study were to assess the effectiveness of WBV (whole body vibration) training through an analysis of effect sizes, identify advantages of WBV training, and suggest other effective treatment methods.Methods. Four databases, namely, EMBASE, PubMed, EBSCO, and Web of Science, were used to collect articles on vibration. Keywords such as “vibration” and “stroke” were used in the search for published articles. Consequently, eleven studies were selected in the second screening using meta-analyses.Results. The total effect size of patients with dementia in the studies was 0.25, which was small. The effect size of spasticity was the greatest at 1.24 (high), followed by metabolism at 0.99 (high), balance, muscle strength, gait, and circulation in the decreasing order of effect size.Conclusions. The effect sizes for muscle strength and balance and gait function, all of which play an important role in performance of daily activities, were small. In contrast, effect sizes for bone metabolism and spasticity were moderate. This suggests that WBV training may provide a safe, alternative treatment method for improving the symptoms of stroke in patients.
Time-Varying Fault Diagnosis for Asynchronous Multisensor Systems Based on Augmented IMM and Strong Tracking Filtering
Authors: Hu Yanyan , Xue Xiaoling , Jin Zengwang , Peng Kaixiang
Published: January 2018

A fault detection, isolation, and estimation approach is proposed in this paper based on Interactive Multimodel (IMM) fusion filtering and Strong Tracking Filtering (STF) for asynchronous multisensors dynamic systems. Time-varying fault is considered and a candidate fault model is built by augmenting the unknown fault amplitude directly into the system state for each kind of possible fault mode. By doing this, the dilemma of predetermining the fault extent as model design parameters in traditional IMM-based approaches is avoided. After that, the time-varying fault amplitude is estimated based on STF using its strong ability to track abrupt changes and robustness against model uncertainties. Through fusing information from multiple sensors, the performance of fault detection, isolation, and estimation is approved. Finally, a numerical simulation is performed to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Bearing Diagnostics of Hydro Power Plants Using Wavelet Packet Transform and a Hidden Markov Model with Orbit Curves
Authors: Pino Gabriel , Ribas José Roberto , Guimarães Luciana Fernandes
Published: January 2018

The contribution of a medium‐sized hydro power plant to the power grid can be either at base load or at peak load. When the latter is the most common operation mode, it increases the start and stop frequency, intensifying the hydro turbine components’ degradation, such as the guide bearings. This happens due to more frequent operation in transient states, which means being outside the service point of the machines’ nominal condition, consisting of speed, flow, and gross head. Such transient state operation increases the runner bearings’ mechanical vibration. The readings are acquired during the runner start‐ups and filtered by a DC component mean value and a wavelet packet transform. The filtered series are used to estimate the relationship between the maximum orbit curve displacement and the accumulated operating hours. The estimated equation associated with the ISO 7919‐5 vibration standards establishes the sojourn times of the degradation states, sufficient to obtain the transition probability distribution. Thereafter, a triangular probability function is used to determine the observation probability distribution in each state. Both matrices are inputs required by a hidden Markov model aiming to simulate the equipment deterioration process, given a sequence of maximum orbit curve displacements.
The Assessment of the Integrated Antioxidant System of the Body in the Course of Radon Therapy: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kuciel-Lewandowska Jadwiga , Gnus Jan , Pawlik-Sobecka Lilla , Płaczkowska Sylwia , Kokot Izabela , Kasperczak Michał , Paprocka-Borowicz Małgorzata
Published: January 2018

Introduction. The sources of Reactive Oxidative Species (ROS) in the organism are the respiratory processes occurring in cells catalyzed by different enzymes. Operation of ROS is balanced by antioxidants, the compounds; although present in low concentrations, they significantly inhibit the degree of oxidation of particular molecules. The Aim of the Study. The aim of this study was to assess the changes in the integrated antioxidant system under the influence of radon therapy in osteoarthritis patients. Material and Methods. Observation included 35 patients suffering from degenerative joints and disc disease (mean age 56.5 years) undergoing radon water therapy and control group that consisted of 15 osteoarthritis patients (mean age 54.2) without contact with radon water. Before therapy and after 18 days of treatment, serum total antioxidant status (TAS) was assessed with the use of standard colorimetric assay. Results. In the study group, we observed trends to increase TAS concentration, whereas, in the control group, TAS concentration was decreasing. Conclusions. (1) Radon waters treatment influenced the level of TAS of osteoarthritis patients treated with the radon water. (2) The change in TAS concentrations in the study group may be the result of low doses of ionizing radiation, but further studies on larger patient’s groups are demanded. This study is registered with number NCT03274128.
Comparative Study of Seismic Behavior between Monolithic Precast Concrete Structure and Cast‐in‐Place Structure
Authors: Qin Chao-gang , Bai Guo-liang , Xu Ya-zhou , Su Ning-fen , Wu Tao
Published: January 2018

We doubt whether the monolithic precast concrete structure could be designed as the cast‐in‐place structure in high seismic intensity area. To solve the puzzle, the 1/5 scaled monolithic precast concrete structure model and cast‐in‐place structure model were designed and tested by shake table. Comparative analysis between them was made to better understand their seismic behavior. Based on the experimental results, the failure pattern and mechanism were different, which was concentrated damage in coupling beam and then extended to shear walls of CIPS, and the weak connections presented cracks between precast elements besides the damage coupling beam of MPCS. The natural frequency of MPCS possessed a typical feature for the weakness of connections, which was the initial one greater than that of CIPS and decreased fast after the first waves with PGA of 0.035 g. Acceleration amplifying factors presented variation trend under the different earthquake waves. The distribution of seismic response presented linearity along the height of models in plastic stage and turned into nonlinearity later for severe damage. In general, the MPCS and CIPS had similar seismic responses, except typical characteristics. And they were proven to have better seismic performance without collapse under the high‐intensity earthquake waves.
Nano-Pr2O3 Doped PVA + Na3C6H5O7 Polymer Electrolyte Films for Electrochemical Cell Applications
Authors: Babu J. Ramesh , Ravindhranath K. , Kumar K. Vijaya
Published: January 2018

Varying concentrations of nano-Pr2O3 doped in “PVA + Sodium Citrate (90 : 10)” polyelectrolyte films are synthesized using solution cast technique and the films are characterized adopting FTIR, XRD, SEM, and DSC methods. The film with 3.0% of nano-Pr2O3 content is more homogenous and possesses more amorphous region that facilitate the deeper penetration of nanoparticles into the film causing more interactions between the functional groups of the polymeric film and nano-Pr2O3 particles and thereby turning the film more friendlily to the proton conductivity. The conductivity is maximum of 7 × 10−4 S/cm at room temperature for 3.0% nano-Pr2O3 film and at that composition, the activation energy and crystallinity are low. With increase in temperature, the conductivity is increasing and it is attributed to the hopping of interchain and intrachain ion movements and furthermore decrease in microscopic viscosity of the films. The major charge carriers are ions and not electrons. These films are incorporated successfully as polyelectrolytes in electrochemical cells which are evaluated for their discharge characteristics. It is found that the discharge time is maximum of 140 hrs with open circuit voltage of 1.78 V for film containing 3% of nano-Pr2O3 and this reflects its adoptability in the solid-state battery applications.
Rational Approaches for Combination Therapy Strategies Targeting the MAP Kinase Pathway in Solid Tumors
Authors: Tolcher Anthony W. , Peng Wei , Calvo Emiliano
Published: January 2018

Molecular characterization of oncogenic mutations within genes in the MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways has led to the rational development of targeted therapies. Combining BRAF and MEK inhibitors to target two steps in the MAPK pathway (vertical inhibition) is now standard of care in advanced-stage melanoma harboring BRAF V600 mutation. Encouraging results have been seen in several tumor types with the same mutation, including BRAF V600–mutant non–small cell lung cancer. Yet similar results in other tumors, such as colorectal cancer, have not been observed, highlighting the unique nature of different tumors. Furthermore, considerable cross talk occurs between signaling pathways, and cancer cells usually harbor multiple aberrations and/or develop compensatory mechanisms that drive resistance. Therefore, it is logical to target multiple pathways simultaneously (horizontal inhibition) by combining selective inhibitors or engineering multitargeted agents. Yet horizontal inhibition has proven to be a significant challenge, primarily due to dose-limiting toxicities. This review focuses on ongoing or completed clinical trials with combination targeted therapies for solid tumors and highlights the successes and ongoing challenges. Novel strategies to overcome these obstacles include new delivery technologies, combinations with emerging agents, and treatment schedule optimization. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(1); 3–16. ©2017 AACR.
Evaluation of CDK12 Protein Expression as a Potential Novel Biomarker for DNA Damage Response–Targeted Therapies in Breast Cancer
Authors: Naidoo Kalnisha , Wai Patty T. , Maguire Sarah L. , Daley Frances , Haider Syed , Kriplani Divya , Campbell James , Mirza Hasan , Grigoriadis Anita , Tutt Andrew , Moseley Paul M. , Abdel-Fatah Tarek M.A. , Chan Stephen Y.T. , Madhusudan Srinivasan , Rhaka Emad A. , Ellis Ian O. , Lord Christopher J. , Yuan Yinyin , Green Andrew R. , Natrajan Rachael
Published: January 2018

Disruption of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 12 (CDK12) is known to lead to defects in DNA repair and sensitivity to platinum salts and PARP1/2 inhibitors. However, CDK12 has also been proposed as an oncogene in breast cancer. We therefore aimed to assess the frequency and distribution of CDK12 protein expression by IHC in independent cohorts of breast cancer and correlate this with outcome and genomic status. We found that 21% of primary unselected breast cancers were CDK12 high, and 10.5% were absent, by IHC. CDK12 positivity correlated with HER2 positivity but was not an independent predictor of breast cancer–specific survival taking HER2 status into account; however, absent CDK12 protein expression significantly correlated with a triple-negative phenotype. Interestingly, CDK12 protein absence was associated with reduced expression of a number of DDR proteins including ATR, Ku70/Ku80, PARP1, DNA-PK, and γH2AX, suggesting a novel mechanism of CDK12-associated DDR dysregulation in breast cancer. Our data suggest that diagnostic IHC quantification of CDK12 in breast cancer is feasible, with CDK12 absence possibly signifying defective DDR function. This may have important therapeutic implications, particularly for triple-negative breast cancers. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(1); 306–15. ©2017 AACR.
ІНТЕГРАЛЬНА ОЦІНКА РІВНЯ БІОЛОГІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ РЕГІОНІВ КРАЇНИ
Authors: Markovych I. H , Zadorozhna V. I. , Markovych I. F.
Published: December 2017

Мета роботи – за характером впливу медико-демографічних, соціальних, екологічних детермінант середовища життєдіяльності людини на поширеність інфекційних хвороб оцінити рівень біобезпеки регіонів країни.У статті представлено погляд на проблему біобезпеки, запропоновано методику оцінювання її рівня, окреслено вимоги до формування переліку індикаторів, способу їх стандартизації та процедури агрегування. Представлено результати рейтингового оцінювання регіонів за інтегральним показником рівня біобезпеки.Висновок. Адміністративні території України відрізняються за рівнем біобезпеки.
ГЕНЕТИЧНИЙ КОНТРОЛЬ ІМУННОЇ СИСТЕМИ У ХВОРИХ НА МЕНІНГІТ
Authors: Shulyak V. I.
Published: December 2017

Мета роботи – аналіз і узагальнення сучасних уявлень про вплив генетичних факторів на механізми порушень функцій центральної нервової системи у хворих на менінгіт.Збудники менінгіту (М) володіють різноманітними антигенними детермінантами, що викликають в організмі поліклональну імунну відповідь, в яку залучаються фактори природної та адаптивної (набутої) системи імунітету (АСІ). В останні роки, поряд з раніше вивченими причинно-наслідковими зв’язками різноманітних проявів реакцій АСІ на збудників М, набуло актуальності вивчення генетичних факторів, що визначають функціональний стан АСІ. Як показали дослідження, виникнення М як мультифакторного захворювання залежить від поєднання генотипу хворого й незалежно діючих індукторів зовнішнього середовища. Серед завдань першорядного значення, які вирішує АСІ у відповідь на проникнення патогена, відповідальне місце займає розпізнавання антигену специфічними лімфоцитами. Генетичні зміни в цій ділянці імунної відповіді можуть провокувати збільшення сприйнятливості до М, його тяжкий перебіг і несприятливий вислід захворювання. Ушкодження генного апарата, який експресує фактори клітинної ланки АСІ, асоціюється з інфекціями, що спричинюють мікобактерії, найпростіші, гриби, віруси й опортуністичні бактерії. Дефіцит антитіл переважно асоціюється з інфекціями, викликаними грампозитивними бактеріями. У специфічному розпізнаванні антигенів також беруть участь молекули головного комплексу гістосумісністі (MHC). Туберкульозний М характеризувався значним підйомом рівня антигену HLA-DR3 з істотним підвищенням частоти антигенів B14 й DR2. У пацієнтів із гнійними М більшою мірою виявляли антиген HLA-B12. У хворих із серозними М визначалося підвищення рівня антигену HLA-A19. Поряд із забезпеченням адаптаційної функції контролю сприйнятливості до інфекції, фактори АІС можуть бути відповідальними за ушкодження власних тканин організму. Висновки. Для правильної оцінки сприйнятливості організму до інфекції, тяжкості стану хворого й прогнозу результату М необхідне визначення співвідношення внесків спадкоємного й «зовнішнього» факторів у кожному конкретному випадку. Крайні позиції в цьому співвідношенні займають первинні імунодефіцити, при яких хвороба істотно залежить від конкретної мутації, й вторинні імунодефіцити, коли чітко виражена залежність від етіологічного фактора захворювання. Визначення цього співвідношення, можливо, буде корисним при розробці генетичних методів корекції в комплексі лікувальних заходів у хворих на менінгіт.
ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ МЕТОДІВ ДІАГНОСТИКИ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНИХ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙ
Authors: Kubarieva I. V. , Chmykhalo N. V. , Karpenko L. A.
Published: December 2017

Мета роботи. Обґрунтування вибору методу діагностики організаційної культури фармацевтичних організацій з подальшим його опрацюванням в аптечних організаціях м. Харкова.Матеріали і методи. Аналіз основних праць вітчизняних і зарубіжних фахівців у галузі менеджменту за допомогою загальнонаукових методів, системного і комплексного аналізу; соціологічних досліджень.Результати й обговорення. В статті проведено аналіз існуючих методик діагностики організаційної культури організації (ОКО), серед яких для подальшого опрацювання обрано методику DOCS (Denison Organizational Culture Survey) – модель Даніеля Денісона, що спрямована на виявлення впливу організаційної культури на економічну ефективність організації. У рамках моделі на базі аптечних закладів м. Харкова було оцінено 12 індикаторів ОКО та розраховані значення їх індексів. Висновки. Обґрунтовано доцільність використання при аналізі організаційної культури фармацевтичних організацій моделі Деніеля Денісона (DOCS), яка проста у використанні, має інформаційну надійність про стан організаційної культури та дозволяє проводити порівнянність результатів при вивченні декількох організацій.
Proteomic Profiling for Cardiovascular Biomarker Discovery in Orthostatic Hypotension
Authors: Johansson Madeleine , Ricci Fabrizio , Aung Nay , Sutton Richard , Melander Olle , Fedorowski Artur
Published: January 2018

Orthostatic hypotension (OH) has been linked with higher incidence of cardiovascular disease, but little is known about the mechanisms behind this association. We aimed to identify cardiovascular disease biomarkers associated with OH through a proteomic profiling approach. Seven hundred seventy-eight patients with unexplained syncope or orthostatic intolerance underwent head-up tilt test and supine blood samples. Of these, 220 met diagnostic criteria of OH, and 179 demonstrated normal hemodynamic response during head-up tilt test. Blood samples were analyzed by antibody-based Proximity Extension Assay technique simultaneously measuring 92 cardiovascular disease-related human protein biomarkers. The discovery algorithm was a sequential 2-step process of biomarker signature identification by supervised, multivariate, principal component analysis and verification by univariate ANOVA with Bonferroni correction. Patients with OH were older (67 versus 60 years;
P
<0.001) and more likely to be women (48% versus 41%;
P
>0.001) but did not differ from OH-negative patients in medical history. Principal component analysis identified MMP-7 (matrix metalloproteinase-7), TM (thrombomodulin), MB (myoglobin), TIM-1 (T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-1), CASP-8 (caspase-8), CXCL-1 (C-X-C motif chemokine-1), Dkk-1 (dickkopf-related protein-1), lectin-like LOX-1 (oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1), PlGF (placenta growth factor), PAR-1 (proteinase-activated receptor-1), and MCP-1 (monocyte chemotactic protein-1) as the most robust proteomic signature for OH. From this proteomic feature selection, MMP-7 and TIM-1 met Bonferroni-adjusted significance criteria in univariate and multivariate regression analyses. Proteomic profiling in OH reveals a biomarker signature of atherothrombosis and inflammation. Circulating levels of MMP-7 and TIM-1 are independently associated with OH and may be involved in cardiovascular disease promotion.
Two new species of the genus Oxyporus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Oxyporinae) in Yunnan Province, China
Authors: LI GUO-FENG , LI HONG-WEI , WANG CHUN-MEI , LI HUA-FENG , ZE SANG-ZI
Published: January 2018

Two new species of the genus Oxyporus Fabricius, 1775 are described based on specimens collected in Yunnan Province, China, namely Oxyporus (Oxyporus) fentianae sp. nov. from Mojiang County and Oxyporus (Oxyporus) ningerius sp. nov. from Ninger County. The number of Oxyporus species worldwide is thus increased to 130. Color images of the habitus and aedeagi of the two new species are included. A key to the Oxyporus species of Yunnan Province is provided.
Ethnic diversity in the construction of life stories in Latvia
Authors: Garda-Rozenberga Ieva , Zirnīte Māra
Published: January 2018

Ethnic diversity in the construction of life stories in LatviaLatvian society is ethnically diverse and has the largest proportion of ethnic minorities of the three Baltic States. The article draws upon life-story research with respondents from Russian and Romany communities in Latvia. These communities have different social, historical and cultural experiences, thereby allowing them to be contrasted and compared. Ethnic diversity can be considered one of the benefits of Latvia’s cultural identity because it provides the opportunity not only to become acquainted with the characteristics and uniqueness of each culture but also to establish which traits unite these cultures, thereby creating a harmonious space which can accommodate cultural diversity. Biographical interviews facilitate the juxtaposition and comparative interpretation of cultural values, ways of belonging, and the articulation of collective memory in different ethnic groups.The article expands the analytical part of the sources: how the personal life stories are connected with the broader (general) social and historical narratives. A few samples are used to characterise narration techniques, cultural references in the construction of life stories and its layout, as well as imagery. The main feature studied in the article is self-positioning in the general course of history and in the history of the defined geographical space – Latvia. Zróżnicowanie etniczne w konstruowaniu historii życia na ŁotwieSpołeczeństwo łotewskie jest zróżnicowane etnicznie i spośród trzech państw bałtyckich ma największy odsetek mniejszości etnicznych. Artykuł opiera się na badaniach nad historią życia respondentów pochodzących z zamieszkujących Łotwę mniejszości rosyjskiej i romskiej. Mają one odmienne doświadczenia społeczne, historyczne i kulturowe, dzięki czemu można je zestawiać i porównywać. Zróżnicowanie etniczne może być uważane za jedną z zalet tożsamości kulturowej Łotwy, ponieważ stwarza możliwość nie tylko poznania cech i unikatowości każdej z kultur, lecz także pozwala ustalić, które cechy spajają te kultury, tym samym stwarzając harmonijną przestrzeń, w której jest miejsce na różnorodność etniczną. Wywiady biograficzne ułatwiają wzajemne przeciwstawienie i porównawcze interpretacje wartości kulturowych, sposobu przynależenia, jak też artykułowania pamięci zbiorowej u różnych grup etnicznych.Artykuł poszerza część analityczną źródeł w kwestii, jak osobista historia życia łączy się z szerszymi, ogólnymi narracjami społecznymi i historycznymi. Na kilku przykładach scharakteryzowano zarówno techniki narracji, odniesienia kulturowe w budowaniu historii życia i ich układów, jak też obrazowania. Zasadniczą cechą badaną w tym artykule jest autosytuowanie siebie w ogólnym przebiegu historii i w historii określonej przestrzeni geograficznej na Łotwie.
Mazurzy na Podolu Wschodnim: pamięć, tożsamość i dziedzictwo
Authors: Jakimowicz Marcelina
Published: January 2018

Masurians in the East Podolia: Memory, Identity and HeritageThe theme of this article is specific identity and memory of the Polish population in the selected villages of Khmelnytskyi Raion of Ukraine, with the second most numerous Polish population in Ukraine. The specificity of this Polish population results from a long habitation in the same territory. From the moment they arrived on Podolia until their deportations to Kazakhstan and Siberia in the 1930s, this group did not migrate at all. The article is based on research conducted in three the so-called “Masurian” villages. The inhabitants of these areas are defined as Masurians – they are descendants of Polish peasants who settled therein the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The text shows the identity of the ethnic community of “Masurian” villages and the memory of their Polish peasant roots. Hundreds years of living together in one region and endogamy rules in force since the Second World War have contributed to the fact that these local communities have preserved memory of their Polish and peasant origin, as well as their specific dialect and religion. Mazurzy na Podolu Wschodnim: pamięć, tożsamość i dziedzictwoTematem artykułu jest specyfika tożsamości i pamięci ludności polskiej w wybranych wsiach obwodu chmielnickiego na Ukrainie, który jest drugim co do liczebności polskiej ludności obwodem Ukrainy. Specyfika ludności polskiej na terenie prawobrzeżnej Ukrainy opiera się na jej długim trwaniu na jednym terytorium. Od chwili przybycia na teren Podola aż do momentu zsyłek do Kazachstanu i na Syberię w latach 30. XX wieku tej grupy nie dotykały ruchy migracyjne. Artykuł opiera się na badaniach prowadzonych w trzech wsiach zwanych „mazurskimi”: Hreczanach, Szaraweczce i Maćkowcach. Ludność zamieszkująca te tereny określa się mianem Mazurów – potomków polskich chłopów, osadników z XVII i XVIII wieku. W tekście przedstawiono charakter tożsamości ludności wsi mazurskich, pamięć wspólnotową dotyczącą polskich i zarazem chłopskich korzeni grupy. Kilkusetletnie życie w jednym regionie, jak i obowiązująca do czasów II wojny światowej zasada endogamii spowodowały, że wspólnoty wsi mazurskich zachowały pamięć o swoim polskim i zarazem chłopskim pochodzeniu, gwarę i wyznanie.
Partie etniczne w Republice Czeskiej
Authors: Wasiuta Martyna
Published: January 2018

Ethnic Parties in the Czech RepublicWhile analyzing the Czech politics, especially the party system after the collapse of the communist system, we notice a conspicuous presence of ethnic parties. In the political landscape, we have Moravian parties which highlight the political significance of the north-eastern region of the Czech Republic as well as a multiethnic party called Coexistentia. Parties of the Roma minority can also be included in this category. Popular support for ethnic groupings and their political role were much more pronounced in the early 1990s, which was linked with an increase in tensions in the society caused by the effects of political and economic transformation. This article examines the practical functioning of these parties as well as indicates the reasons for their appearance and for the withdrawal of the ethnic issue from this plane of representation. It also contains general theoretical assumptions concerning the cleavages and ethnic parties. Partie etniczne w Republice CzeskiejNa podstawie obserwacji czeskiego życia politycznego, szczególnie systemu partyjnego, po upadku systemu komunistycznego możemy wykazać obecność partii etnicznych w Republice Czeskiej. Mieliśmy do czynienia z partiami morawskimi, nawiązującymi do politycznego znaczenia północno-wschodniego regionu Republiki Czeskiej i partią wieloetniczną Coexistentia. Do tego grona aspirowały także partie mniejszości romskiej. Poparcie dla tych ugrupowań oraz ich polityczna rola były zdecydowanie większe na początku lat 90. XX wieku, co wiązało się ze wzrostem napięcia w społeczeństwie wywołanym skutkami transformacji politycznej i gospodarczej. Niniejszy artykuł odpowiada na pytania dotyczące praktyki funkcjonowania tych partii oraz wskazuje na przyczyny ich pojawienia się i wycofania się kwestii etnicznej z tej płaszczyzny reprezentacji. W tekście zawarte zostały również główne założenia teoretyczne dotyczące rozłamów socjopolitycznych i partii etnicznych.
Klan Kwieków jako przedstawicielstwo cygańskie a obóz sanacyjny w latach 1926-1935 w świetle sanacyjnych i prorządowych dzienników informacyjnych
Authors: Gontarek Alicja Anna
Published: January 2018

Kwieks’ Clan as the Representation of Gypsies and the Sanation Camp in the Light of Government and Progovernment News Bulletins (1926-1935)This article discusses the Kwiek family actions as the representation of Gypsies in close connection with political conditions. This clan appeared in public life during the leadership of the Piłsudski’s governing block, and its activity was approved and accepted by the regime, which also adopted Gypsy leaders under country’s consolidation although the Gypsies were included in Piłsudski’s circle not officially. Nevertheless, solidification of representation of Gypsies’ demands followed, which, by representing various centers, spread via government and pro-government press. The Roma could raise several issues that were most important to their community, achieving many benefits for the family itself and the Kwiek clan at the same time. Klan Kwieków jako przedstawicielstwo cygańskie a obóz sanacyjny w latach 1926-1935 w świetle sanacyjnych i prorządowych dzienników informacyjnychArtykuł omawia działania rodziny Kwieków jako reprezentacji cygańskiej w ścisłym związku z uwarunkowaniami politycznymi. Klan ten w życiu publicznym pojawił się w okresie rządów obozu piłsudczykowskiego. Jego aktywność została uznana i zaakceptowana przez sanację, która w ramach konsolidacji państwowej przyjęła do siebie także liderów cygańskich, przy czym włączenie Cyganów w platformę piłsudczykowską nie miało charakteru oficjalnego. Niemniej dzięki temu doszło do krystalizacji postulatów przedstawicielstwa cygańskiego, które, reprezentując różne ośrodki, poprzez rządową i prorządową prasę mogło zabierać głos w najważniejszych dla ludności cygańskiej sprawach, osiągając jednocześnie wiele korzyści dla rodziny i klanu Kwieków.