bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anaesthetic Management of Patient with Distal Radius Fracture with Ipsilateral Arteriovenous Fistula
Authors:   Post Graduate, Department of Anaesthesiology, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education & Research, R L Jalappa Hospital, Kolar, Karnataka 563101, India., J Balaji , Madhusudhana Ravi ,   Professor and HOD, Department of Anaesthesiology, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education & Research, R L Jalappa Hospital, Kolar, Karnataka 563101, India.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Patient with upper limb fracture with ipsilateral limb AV fistula, anaesthetic options are still challenging. Case Report: A 40 year old male patient who is an K/C/O CKD on maintenance hemodialysis and hypertensive on medication.Patient had AV fistula on the same side of the fracture, Detailed examination of the fistula was done, 1. Thrill over the fistula palpated. 2. Bruit was auscultated on the fistula side. 3. Radial pulse was palpated for volume and rhythm. 4. Fistula hand was compared with other hand for colour , any cyanosis or pallor, temperature, ulcer, edema , pigmentation or peeling of the skin and Nicoladoni Branham sign was negative Under USG, plexus was identified. Using 23G spinal needle , Bupivacaine 0.5(H) 15ml[75mg] plexus . Post supraclavicular block , both sensory and motor blockade was checked. Without tourniquet surgery was proceeded , face mask with 5L/min of O2 was given to the patient. Intraoperatively patient was hemodynamically stable, maintenance fluid of 0.5ml/kg/hr. Post procedure examination of AV fistula was repeated to check the patency. Conclusion: Use of regional anaesthesia over general anaesthesia in distal end fracture with ipsilateral AV fistula has advantage in both in management and patency of the AV fistula.
Comparison of Analgesic Efficacy of Oral Flupirtine Maleate and Ibuprofen in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors:   Associate professor, Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Grant Government Medical College & Sir J J Group of Hospitals, Mumbai 400008, Maharastra, India., Gitte Santosh , Bondarde Kanchan ,   Senior Resident, Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Grant Government Medical College & Sir J J Group of Hospitals, Mumbai 400008, Maharastra, India., Gupta Mansi ,   Senior Resident, Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Grant Government Medical College & Sir J J Group of Hospitals, Mumbai 400008, Maharastra, India.
Published: January 2024

Aims and Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Flupirtine in reducing acute postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy as compared to Ibuprofen when administered by oral route prior to surgery and to observe and compare side effect profile of oral Flupirtine maleate and Ibuprofen. Method: This study was conducted in 60 patients of ASA1/2,21to70 years of age who were randomly divided into two groups to receive either 200mg oral flupirtine maleate or 800 mg oral Ibuprofen 2 hrs prior to the procedure. Post operatively patient was observed for vas score, RSS, rescue analgesia requirement and post-operative nausea and vomiting. Result: Patients from flupirtine group had lower VAS score than that of ibuprofen group in first 6 hours. RSS score was satisfactory in first 4 hours in flupirtine group than ibuprofen group. Rescue analgesia requirement was more in ibuprofen group than flupirtine group also post-operative nausea and vomiting was seen more in ibuprofen group than flupirtine group. Conclusion: This study concluded that, patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, pre-emptive use of oral flupirtine 200 mg is more effective compared to oral ibuprofen 800 mg and flupirtine provides better pain relief with additional muscle relaxation and mild sedation in early post-operative period. Keywords: Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy; Flupirtine; Ibuprofen; Pre-emptive Analgesia.
A Prospective Randomised Study Comparing Placement of I-Gel and ProSeal LMA by Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy in Anaesthetised Adults undergoing Elective Surgery
Authors:   Resident, Department of Anesthesiology, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh 244001, India., Srivastava Shristi , Ahluwalia Pallavi ,   Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh 244001, India., S Sangeeth ,   Resident, Department of Anesthesiology, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh 244001, India.
Published: January 2024

Context: Supraglottic airway devices (SGAs) are tools used for airway management in anaesthesia and provide a good alternative to tracheal intubation.Comparison of I-gel and ProSeal LMA (PLMA) was done because of time taken for insertion, fiberoptic view of the larynx, ease of Ryle’s tube insertion, and post-operative sore throat assessment. Methods and Material: In the present prospective, randomized study instead of manner, 60 adult patients of the American Society of Anaesthesiologists I-II of either gender between 18 and 60 years presenting for an elective surgical procedure, under general anaesthesia were enrolled. The airway was secured using either the I-gel or PLMA. An experienced non-blinded anaesthesiologist inserted appropriate sized I-gel or PLMA in patients using standard insertion technique and compared both devices in terms of time taken for insertion, effective seal, fibre optic view of the larynx, number of attempts, and hemodynamic changes during insertion. Results: The time required for insertion of I-gel was lesser (14.32 ± 1.23 and 20.23± 1.82s in Group I and Group P, respectively; P < 0.001). The numbers of attempts for successful insertions were comparable and in the majority, the device was inserted in the first attempt. The fiber optic view of glottis was better with I gel (p-value=0.048),hemodynamic changes and incidence of complications were comparable in both groups. Conclusions: The time required for successful insertion of I-gel was shorter in adult patients undergoinga surgical procedure under general anesthesia on controlled ventilation.The fibre optic view of the glottis was better with the proseal indicating better utility as a conduit for intubation. Keywords: I-gel; PLMA; Time for insertion; Fiberoptic scoring.
A Comparative Study of Intraoperative Haemodynamic Changes with Low and Medium Fresh Gas Flow Rates in Patients Undergoing Abdominal Surgeries
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Pacific Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001., Purohit Tasha , Giri Manoj ,   Associate Professor, Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Dr RML Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226010, India.
Published: January 2024

Decreasing the fresh gas flow rate during anaesthesia in surgeries may minimise costs, reduce environmental pollution and preserve heat and humidity in the respiratory system.
Anesthetic Management of Myasthenia Gravis Patient for Shoulder Surgery- A Case Report
Authors:   PG resident, Department of Anesthesiology, Travancore Medical College, Kollam, Kerala 691589, India., AH Thanseena , Madhavan Biju ,   Professor and HOD, Department of Anesthesiology, Travancore Medical College, Kollam, Kerala 691589, India.
Published: January 2024

Myasthenia gravis patients represent a significant management problem for the anesthesiologist, as the anesthetic considerations in these patients include a marked sensitivity to the non-depolarizing skeletal muscle relaxants and an increase in the risk of prolonged postoperative mechanical ventilation. Regional anesthesia, including USG guided nerve blocks are an excellent option, wherever feasible. In situations where regional techniques are contraindicated or fail to provide surgical anesthesia, general anesthesia without muscle relaxants can be a handy option.
Comparison of Transdermal and Intravenous Diclofenac in Acute Post-operative Pain in Intertrochanteric Fractures
Authors:   Senior Resident, Department of Anesthesia, Lady Hardinge Medical College, Delhi 110001, India., ... Manisha , Sinha Abhinav ,   Associate professor, Department of Orthopedics, Lady Hardinge Medical College, Delhi 110001, India., Aier Sashi ,   Senior Resident, Department of Orthopedics, Lady Hardinge Medical College, Delhi 110001, India.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Early mobilization is the primary goal after operation of hip fracture in the elderly wherein the main impediment despite adequate fixation being surgical site pain. Prolonged post-operative recumbency due to pain could lead to various complications like venous thrombosis and cardio-pulmonary compromise. Over enthusiastic use of NSAIDs or opioids on the other hand can have its own set of complications. Hence this study was carried out to evaluate effectivity and safety profile of a commonly used drug, diclofenac via transdermal route in comparison to iv diclofenac. Methods: 30 patients meeting the study criteria were alternatively allocated to either groups of IV diclofenac and TD diclofenac. All patients were informed how to monitor post-operative pain on a VAS scale at 2,4,6 and 12 hour intervals. Group TD was applied Trans Dermal Diclofenac 100 mg patch, 1 hour prior to surgery and repeated at 12 hourly intervals. Group IV was given intravenous diclofenac 75 mg 1 hour prior to end of surgery and repeated at 12 hourly intervals. First rescue analgesic used was Intra Venous (IV) Paracetamol, if VAS was more than 6, if administered Its dosage and timing of administration was noted. IV tramadol was kept as a standby rescue analgesic. Results: both the groups were comparable with regards to age and ASA scores. Time to first rescue analgesia, IV Paracetamol, in group TD was 10.23±2.42 hours while that in group IV was 8.15±2.48 hours. It was statistically significant(p<0.05). None of our patients required IV tramadol. The mean VAS scores at 2, 4, 6 and 12 hours were lower in group TD in comparison to group IV. There were no significant side effects noted. Conclusion: We can conclude that transdermal diclofenac patch group patients had lower VAS scores at all measured intervals compared to IV diclofenac group and a significantly longer time of rescue analgesic use. Thus, it seems a safe and effective choice for post-operative analgesia in orthopaedic patients.><0.05) None of our patients required IV tramadol. The mean VAS scores at 2, 4, 6 and 12 hours were lower in group TD in comparison to group IV. There were no significant side effects noted. Conclusion: We can conclude that transdermal diclofenac patch group patients had lower VAS scores at all measured intervals compared to IV diclofenac group and a significantly longer time of rescue analgesic use. Thus, it seems a safe and effective choice for post-operative analgesia in orthopaedic patients.
Oxidative Stress in Relation to Obesity in Gujarati & Non-Gujarati Young Girls before & After Maize Diet
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Pacific Medical College & Hospital Udaipur., Sahi Nita
Published: January 2024

Background: Obesity is the first of the “diseases of civilization” to appear. Its prevalence is escalating at an alarming rate to epidemic proportions throughout the developed world. Environmental and behavioral changes brought about by economic development, modernization and urbanization has been linked to the rise in global obesity. Obesity may induce systemic oxidative stress. Objectives: The present scenario suggests that higher oxidative stress is the key factor of obesity and hence a management strategy aiming at control of lipid Peroxidation in obesity by use of Maize diet is envisaged. Material and Methods: This study has been conducted on 1001 Gujarati and non Gujarati girls aged between 18-30 years. They were further distributed according to age, inhabitance, socioeconomic status, dietary habits, family history and blood pressure. Every subject in each group was asked to replace the wheat chapatti for 30days; the girls were examined for oxidative stress parameter MDA before and after maize diet along with the statistical evaluation. Results: There was a Positive effect of maize diet on biochemical parameter of all the girls in all the subgroups Malondialdehyde level in total girls before the maize diet was 2.35 ± 0.76 nmol/ml which reduced to 1.8 ± 0.46 nmol/ml after the diet (P< 0.001). Conclusions: The oxidative stress showed improvement in normal , overweight and obese girls, most significantly on overweight and obese after taking the diet (P<0.001). Current dietetic practice is to recommend a healthy eating plan of reduced fat, and increased fiber intake.
Collapsing Pulse
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Oman Medical College, Sohar, Oman., S.K. Bakshi , Mahrous Mohammad Kamal ,   Senior spcialist, Department of Medicine, Rustaq Hospital, Rustaq, Oman., Alshukeili Nasser Rashid ,   Specialist, Department of Medicine, Rustaq Hospital, Rustaq, Oman.
Published: January 2024

Nothing is nor ever will be more significant in medical science, nor more necessary to it, than the observation of the pulse [1]. The characteristic pulse of aortic regurgitation (AR) is so familiar to the observation of everyone that it may perhaps be thought that its mode of origin must be so well known that there can be little room for further discussion on the subject [2]. This review article elaborates the pathogenesis, causes, clinical approach to evaluate collapsing pulse and its sensitivity and specificity .
Holistic Approach for Non-Healing Wounds
Authors:   Senior resident, Department of Plastic Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry 605006, India., C. Vinayak , R.K. Chittoria ,   Professor, Department of Plastic Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry 605006, India., K.R. Sireesha ,   Senior resident, Department of Plastic Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry 605006, India., A. Aggarwal ,   Senior resident, Department of Plastic Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry 605006, India., S. Gupta ,   Senior resident, Department of Plastic Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry 605006, India., C.L. Reddy ,   Senior resident, Department of Plastic Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry 605006, India., ... Padmalakshmi ,   Senior resident, Department of Plastic Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry 605006, India.
Published: January 2024

Wound Bed Preparation (WBP) is an essential component before the wound is reconstructed by graft or flap. There are various aspects of Wound Bed Preparation (WBP) like Tissue, Infection, and Moisture & Edge management. Each component of WBP needs individual attention. Multiple adjuvant therapies provided to a wound helps in hastened healing of the wound as compared to single therapy. The aim of the study is to highlight the various adjuvant therapies that can be used to heal a nonhealing wound.
Prevalence of Diabetic Foot Ulcer and Related Factors among Adult Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Our Institute
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Dr. Vithalrao Vikhe Patil Foundation’s Medical College, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra 414111, India., Phatake Satish , Khalkar Atul ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery,  Dr. Vithalrao Vikhe Patil Foundation’s Medical College, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra 414111, India., Ghatage Prajakta ,   Resident, Department of Paediatrics,  Dr. Vithalrao Vikhe Patil Foundation’s Medical College, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra 414111, India., Mhaske Sunil N. ,   Dean, Dr. Vithalrao Vikhe Patil Foundation’s Medical College, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra 414111, India., Panditrao Madhura ,   Resident, Department of Paediatrics,  Dr. Vithalrao Vikhe Patil Foundation’s Medical College, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra 414111, India.
Published: January 2024

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder affecting all systems in the body because of multiple long term complications. Foot ulcers is common complications of diabetes mellitus. However, there are few cases of foot ulcer and causing factors in our institute. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was done to find out foot ulcer occurrence in diabetic patients. Systematic random sampling was done to select 250 study participants. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression model was made to find out factors associated with diabetic foot ulcer. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to know the level of significance. Diabetic foot were 15.2%. Type II diabetes mellitus, overweight, obesity, poor foot selfcare practice, and neuropathy were factors related to diabetic foot ulcer. Special attention should be paid at weight reduction, managing neuropathy, and promoting foot care practice would decrease diabetic foot ulcer.
Multiple Choice Questions: A Potent Tool for Assessment of Medical Students
Authors:   Professor, Dept of Biochemistry, Rohilkhand Medical College and Hospital, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243006, India., Mallick Ayaz Khurram , Ahsan Marya ,   Associate Professor, Dept of Pharmacology, Rohilkhand Medical College and Hospital, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243006, India.
Published: January 2024

Validity, reliability and feasibility are important attributes for any method of assessment. Increasing objectivity in any method of assessment increases its reliability and validity. Multiple choice questions (MCQs) has only one possible answer hence it is highly objective. However, constructing a good MCQs not only requires good in-depth knowledge of the subject but good amount of planning. Failing to do this can result in technical flaws in MCQs in the form of testwiseness and irrelevant difficulty which reduces its reliability and validity. Effectiveness as an MCQ can be assessment by item analysis which helps to improve the quality of MCQs and identify which MCQs are either too easy, too difficult or technically flawed. Hence this review article in written which highlights the measures to be taken while constructing a MCQ and how to minimize flaws in them.
Role of Fenestrations in Acrylic Cranioplasty
Authors:   Senior resident, Department of Plastic Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry 605006, India., Gupta Saurabh , Chittoria Ravi Kumar ,   Professor, Department of Plastic Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry 605006, India., Subbarao Elankumar ,   Senior resident, Department of Plastic Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry 605006, India., Reddy Konda Sireesha ,   Senior resident, Department of Plastic Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry 605006, India., Chavan Vinayak ,   Senior resident, Department of Plastic Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry 605006, India., Aggarwal Abhinav ,   Senior resident, Department of Plastic Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry 605006, India.
Published: January 2024

Validity, reliability and feasibility are important attributes for any method of assessment. Increasing objectivity in any method of assessment increases its reliability and validity. Multiple choice questions (MCQs) has only one possible answer hence it is highly objective. However, constructing a good MCQs not only requires good in-depth knowledge of the subject but good amount of planning. Failing to do this can result in technical flaws in MCQs in the form of testwiseness and irrelevant difficulty which reduces its reliability and validity. Effectiveness as an MCQ can be assessment by item analysis which helps to improve the quality of MCQs and identify which MCQs are either too easy, too difficult or technically flawed. Hence this review article in written which highlights the measures to be taken while constructing a MCQ and how to minimize flaws in them.
Pattern of Bacterial Profile and Drug Resistance of Pathogens Isolated from Wounds Infection at A Tertiary Care Hospital in North India
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology,  Government Medical College, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India., Chirag Sikander , Kotwal Suman Kumar ,   Consultant, Department of Endocrinology, Government Medical College, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India., Kotwal Shalija ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Pathlogy and Transfusion Medicine, Acharya Shri Chander College of Medical Sciences and Hospital (ASCOMS), Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180017, India.
Published: January 2024

Background: Wounds can occur accidently or after surgery for wide variety of reasons. The exposed subcutaneous tissue is a favorable home for optimal growth of many microorganisms. Because of injudicious use of antimicrobials, getting medication without proper prescriptions there is rapid emergence of resistance to many important antimicrobials. This study was carried out to outline bacterial profile and antimicrobial drug resistance in our hospital. Materials and Methods: All wound swabs received in microbiology laboratory were considered. These wound swabs were inoculated on blood agar in case of Gram positive bacteria and MacConkey agar for Gram negative bacteria. Series of biochemical tests were done for gram-negative and gram-positive bacterias. Antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) was performed for all isolates. Results: A total of 496 patients with wound infection were included in this study. Out of 496 samples 387 (78.3%) were culture positive while 109 (21.97%) showed no growth. Out of 387 positive samples 121 (31.26%) were gram positive while rest 266 (68.73%) were gram negative. S. aureus (72) is mostly resistant to erythromycin 69 (95.8%), levofloxacin 449 (61.1%) and cefoxitin 44 (61.1%), but is susceptible to vancomycin, linezolid and amoxicillin. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (86) showed the highest resistance to cefoperazone/ sulbactam (100%) and amikacin 80 (93.02%), while as ceftriaxone and ampicillin sulbactam were most effective antibiotics with resistance rates of 2.3% and 4.6% respectively. E. coli showed highest resistance to cotrimoxazole 27 (79.4%) followed by ampicillinsulbactam 25 (74%). Conclusions: Antimicrobial resistance is also a serious concern in our hospital similar to other health care institutions in our country and worldwide.
Rare Case of Collagenous Colitis
Authors:   Professor, Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Kalinganagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India., Dhar Srikant Kumar , Tripathy Debasmita ,   Assistant professor, Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Kalinganagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India., Dalai Siba ,   Senior resident, Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Kalinganagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India., K Vujwal Roy ,   PG Resident, Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Kalinganagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India.
Published: January 2024

With an incidence of 5.2 per 100,000, collagenous colitis has a female preponderance and peaks at the age of 50–70 years and female to male ratio of 9:1. It is associated with HLA B8/HLA DR3 and shows increased expression of HLA1. The underlying pathogenesis is decreased levels of interstitial collagenase which leads to reduced matrix degradation which in turn results in accumulation of matrix proteins and this causes defective sodium and chloride absorption. Diagnosis is based upon microscopic analyses of colonic biopsies. The characteristic histopathological finding is the collage band thickening that mainly occurs in the caecum and transverse colon in over 80% cases and in the rectum is lesser than 30%. Blood and urine cultures are usually normal and endoscopy and radiographic evidences are absent. We hereby report a case who presented with a history of intermittent watery diarrhea associated with occasional low-grade fever that spanned over about five years and was finally diagnosed as a case of collagenous colitis.
Prediction of Survival using TRISS in Train Accident Victims in Tertiary Care Hospital Delhi
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi., Kumar Mahesh , Kumar Mansi ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Rama Medical College Hapur (Ghaziabad) UP., Kohli Anil ,   Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi., Tyagi A.K. ,   Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi., Kumar Adarsh ,   Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi., Kumar Gupta Sudhir ,   Professor & Head, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.
Published: January 2024

Evaluation of trauma and prediction of outcome in 255 train accident victims in Delhi was studied out of which 40 cases survived and taken up for this study. Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) was calculated and its correlation with period of survival was determined. Males and females were 86.7% and 13.3% respectively. Mean age was 37.5 years. Most common age group involved was 21–30 followed by 31-40 years. The region of the body most commonly involved in survivors was the lower limbs followed by upper limbs, head and chest while in the victims who died was head followed by chest and abdominal injury. Thirty percent of the survivors belonged to TRISS group 50-80 followed by 70% survivors to TRISS >80 group. There was a positive correlation between TRISS and probability of survival.
The Indian Laws Relating to Drugs and Poisons
Authors:   Professor,  Deptt of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India–110029., Millo T. , Jaiswal A.K. ,   Chemist, Deptt of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India–110029., Prasad Kulbushan ,   Assistant Professor, Deptt of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India–110029.
Published: January 2024

Drugs are vital means for the prevention and cure of diseases and ailment of different nature. It has played a vital in the health of humanity and improved its life span and quality of life. With the advancement of science and research, new drugs are evolving each year and the pharmaceutical companies are flourishing with business. Therefore various acts have been passed by the Govt. to regulate the manufacture, composition and sale of these drugs. Besides it has made various laws to prevent the misuse of these drugs to harm others. The physicians and the pharmacist should be aware of the various legal acts of drugs and poisons pertaining to its profession. This review article has attempted to bring out all the relevant acts and rules pertaining to drug and poison relevant to the medical practitioners.
Fatal Cases of Trauma with Pelvic Fracture in Level-I Trauma Care Centre in India: An Autopsy Based Study
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Dept of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Lady Harding Medical College, New Delhi - 110001, India, Kumar Mahesh , Kumar Mansi ,   Assistant Professor, Dept. of Obs & Gynae, Rama Medical College, Hapur, Uttar Pradesh 245304, India., Yadav Abhishek ,   Assistant Professor, Dept of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110029, India., Prasad Kulbhushan ,   Assistant Professor, Dept of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110029, India.
Published: January 2024

Trauma patients with pelvic fractures are known to be at risk of death. This, a retrospective study was conducted in Apex Trauma Center in New Delhi to find out the prevalence of pelvic injuries in fatal trauma cases subjected to autopsy. All patients (N = 280) admitted with pelvic fracture to the center during the year 2015-16, were included in the study. Male: Female ratio was 6.5:1. Out of 280 patients, the highest population was 25-60 year age group. Abdomen was most commonly injured region in association with pelvis (N=63, 22.5%) and Out of total 280 patients, 101 (36.1%) patients were either dead on the spot or they died during journey to the hospital. Mean ISS was 42.12. 136 (48.5%) patient had the ISS value between 50-75 ISS group which include critical and non survivable injuries.
Determination of Ethanol in Blood and Urine Samples- A Case Study Showing the Significance of (i) Application of One Method Over the Other and (ii) Inclusion of Uncertainty of Measurement
Authors:   Chemistry Division, Forensic Science Laboratory (H), Madhuban, Karnal, Haryana 132037, India., Raj Kumar , A.K. Jaiswal ,   Dept. of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India., Anita Yadav ,   Dept. of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India., Dalbir Singh ,   Chemistry Division, Forensic Science Laboratory (H), Madhuban, Karnal, Haryana 132037, India.
Published: January 2024

Drunken drivers in India always pose a high risk to other users of the roads. Nearly 0.14 million people lost their lives every year in last three years in India, which is more than all casualties of wars of India [6]. Statistics derived from postmortem reports from road traffic fatalities in various countries show that 20-50% of drivers had been drinking alcohol before the crash and level of consumed alcohol in their body was above the legal limit for driving [2,3]. The influence of alcohol or drugs, many a times, goes to the extent that driver becomes incapable of having control of vehicle leading to the ill fate [2,3]. Seeing the intensity of the matter, Government of India amended the relevant laws from time to time to make it more stringent to deter the offenders. The Motor Vehicle (Amendment) Bill 2016 is such an effort by the Government of India, which was approved by the Union Cabinet of India on 3rd of August 2016 [7]. Such cases, when passes through the process of Criminal Justice Delivery System, the quantity of ethanol determined by a forensic chemist in blood sample of the accused plays a vital role in fair trial. There are several methods available for determination of quantity of ethanol in blood and urine samples. Two such methods were used for ethanol determination in blood and urine samples by the authors. The objective of this paper is to describe the preferential selection of one method over the other in some cases and inclusion of the value of uncertainty of measurement while reporting the result. The available blood and urine samples were analyzed to determine the ethanol contents with the help of two methods. The contents of ethanol determined with two methods were found different to the extent of about 20 to 30 mg%. The results of the method with lower values were found justified with the case history and were reported along with inclusion of value of uncertainty of measurement.
Medico-Legal Duties of Doctor in Poisoning Cases
Authors:   Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India, Millo T. , Jaiswal A.K. ,   Chemist, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India., Bharadwaj D.N. ,   Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India
Published: January 2024

The doctors are required to treat and manage the poisoning cases coming in the emergency. It forms a significant part of the emergency cases [1]. The doctors may perform the medical part of the management but neglect the legal duties due to ignorance or lake of time in emergency. In this article we have tried to put forward the medical as well as legal aspect of management in poisoning case which will help the doctor to do justice to the medicolegal management of poisoning case.
Comparative assessment of phytoavailable cadmium by using various extractants in texturally different contaminated soils during the growth of maize crop
Authors: Ali Mujahid
Published: January 2024

Phytoavailable cadmium (Cd) refers to the fraction of total cadmium in soil that is easily taken up by plants, which degrades the environmental quality and can cause contamination in the food chain. Cd contamination causes high carcinogenicity and toxicities, which harm both the environment and human health, including damage to the kidneys, bones, and respiratory system. In this study, seven extracting agents like ammonium bicarbonate diethylene triamine penta acetic acid (ABDTPA) and neutral salts having low and higher concentrations were used for the determination of phytoavailable Cd in sandy clay loam (SCL) and clay loam (CL) soils contaminated with Cd at naturally-Cd, Cd-20, Cd-40, and Cd-60 mg kg-1 and correlate it with Cd contents in roots, shoots, and grains of maize crop. Extraction efficiency of extractants remains in order: 10 M NH4AOc > ABDTPA > 1 M NH4AOc > 0.1 M CaCl2 > 0.01 M CaCl2 > 1 M NaNO3 > 0.1 M NaNO3. ABDTPA showed significantly the highest positive correlation with maize roots, shoots, and grains Cd contents in naturally Cd contaminated SCL and CL soils. While for artificially contaminated SCL and CL soils contaminated with Cd at Cd-20, Cd-40, and Cd-60 contamination levels, 0.1 M CaCl2 extractable Cd showed a stronger positive significant correlation with Cd contents in roots, shoots, and grains of maize crop. Overall results concluded that 10 M NH4AOc has the highest efficiency to extract Cd and 0.1 M NaNO3 has the lowest Cd extraction efficiency. Correlation results showed that ABDTPA and 0.1 M CaCl2 were found to be the most suitable extractants for predicting the bioavailability of Cd. Highly concentrated extractants give a stronger positive correlation as compared to low concentrated extractants. SCL soil showed stronger positive correlations as compared to CL soil
Conservation agriculture and sustainable development goals
Authors: Farooq Muhammad
Published: January 2024

Conservation agriculture (CA) aims to achieve productive and sustainable farming while preserving the natural resource base and environment. This article explores how CA aligns with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations and contributes to their achievement, particularly SDG 2: Zero Hunger, SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation, SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production, SDG 13: Climate Action, and SDG 15: Life on Land. CA has gained significant attention as a sustainable farming system on over 200 million hectares of global cropland, with an annual increase of 10 million hectares since 2008. The principles of minimum soil disturbance, diverse crop rotations and permanent soil cover help improve soil health, nutrients and water management, and contribute to biodiversity preservation. By encouraging sustainable agriculture and enhancing nutrition, SDG 2 seeks to end hunger. CA practices enhance soil health and nutrient availability, increasing crop productivity and reducing reliance on synthetic inputs like pesticides and fertilizers. The resilience of CA to climate change challenges further supports food production. For SDG 6, minimum tillage and soil cover components of CA help reduce soil erosion, resulting in cleaner water by preventing sedimentation in water bodies. Improved water management and conservation contribute to sustainable water use and sanitation. SDG 12 seeks responsible consumption and production patterns. CA promotes efficient resource use, reduces waste, and minimizes the negative environmental impact of agricultural inputs, leading to sustainable production systems with less reliance on external inputs. Regarding SDG 13, CA practices improve soil and water management, increase soil carbon absorption, and lower greenhouse gas emissions, all of which help agricultural systems become more resilient to climate change. Lastly, SDG 15 focuses on life on land preservation. CA's promotion of biodiversity through cover cropping and decreased chemical use provides habitats for organisms, supporting ecosystem services and sustainable land use. In conclusion, CA plays a significant role in achieving multiple SDGs by promoting sustainable agriculture, conserving resources, mitigating climate change, and preserving biodiversity. The adoption and expansion of CA practices are essential for a sustainable and resilient future
Impact of time scale on plantation pattern: an approach to access tree diversity changes in urban parks
Authors: Shafique Muhammad Umair
Published: January 2024

Urban parks are an important part of the city's green infrastructure and serve as an indicator for the city's natural environment. Six urban parks in Faisalabad were evaluated, split into two categories: Old parks (OP) and New parks (NP). A thorough census of tree populations was conducted in specified urban parks, and many parameters were studied. The composition of trees, species richness, and distribution of native and exotic trees were evaluated among two types of parks. Tree stem count was used to calculate the diversity benchmark (10/20/30) for tree inventories in selected urban parks. The major objective of the study was to determine the difference in species richness and diversity indices of selected urban parks in both categories. Evaluation of the plantation of Urban parks on the basis of the proposed benchmark (10/20/30) was also the key objective of the present study. The results revealed that 2978 trees from 52 species, 45 genera, and 22 families had been counted, with 2004 trees in the OP and 794 in the NP. A few common species hold the majority of the distribution. OP have higher share of native trees (67.07%) while NP have higher share of exotic trees (59.32%). The dominance of exotic tree species in NP depicted that change in time has significantly affected the plantation pattern of urban parks in Faisalabad. OP had higher tree species richness (47) as compared to NP (36). The dominance of exotic species in new parks is the major cause of low tree diversity. Results of the tested benchmark indicated that the plantation of selected urban parks approximately failed to achieve the proposed diversity benchmark. In urban parks, more attention should be paid to the plantation design and species selection. The pressing need of the hour is to have a tree mix that promotes biodiversity while also maximizing ecological services
An in vitro antimicrobial activity of Beauveria bassiana secondary metabolites
Authors: Aksoy Adil
Published: January 2024

Fungi are organisms that provide various environmental services. Beauveria (B.) bassiana (Order: Hypocreales, Family: Cordycipitaceae) is an example of an entomopathogenic fungus developed and used for many agricultural, biomedical, and medicinal purposes. A crude extract of B. bassiana was made using a culture broth to test its antimicrobial effects against several animal pathogenic bacteria, comprising Klebsiella (K.) pneumoniae, Escherichia (E.) coli, and Staphylococcus (S.) aureus and fungi (Candida (C.) albicans). In 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks, a liquid median (100 ml) was infected with 1 ml of an aqueous conidial suspension (107 conidia/ml). The flasks were incubated at 27.2°C on a rotary shaker (180 rpm) for seven days. The fermented broth was filtered to remove the biomass and obtain a crude extract of B. bassiana at various concentrations, which was later used for the disk diffusion method. Results demonstrated that the crude extracts effectively against the tested microorganisms and fungi. The B. bassiana extract showed an effect against K. pneumoniae, C. albicans, S. aureus, and E. coli with inhibition zones measuring 22, 23, 25, and 27 mm in diameter, respectively. The regression analysis indicated that each concentrate increase in B. bassiana culture filtrate showed a significant increase in the inhibition zone by 0.2342, 0.2330, 0.1909, and 0.2010 mm for the groups of S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and C. albicans, respectively. The amplification of the BbbsIS gene produced a single fragment of an approximate length of 156-190 bp. This study confirmed that the antimicrobial drug could be produced from B. bassiana extracts to prevent many diseases associated with microbial and fungal infections. It also developed an approach constructed by absolute PCR quantification for the expression of genes encoding the synthetase enzymes of the secondary metabolites viz., bassianolide (BbbslS), beauvericin (BbbeaS), and B-tubulin during the initial times of contagion
Economic evaluation of household firewood consumption and carbon footprints in Pakistan: implication for climate change mitigations
Authors: Hasan Sumera
Published: January 2024

Controlling the carbon footprints of household firewood consumption is critical for promoting global sustainability and mitigating the impacts of climate change. This study aims to investigate the determinants of household firewood consumption and associated carbon footprint in Pakistan by employing the 2018–2019 data of Household Integrated Economic Survey (HIES), Heckman selection model, and Tobit regression method. On average, households consumed 1706 kg of firewood in Pakistan annually, which generated carbon emissions of 19.29 Gg per annum. The results of first stage of Heckman selection model reveal that household head’s primary education, agricultural occupation, household size, rural residency, and KP region contribute to choosing firewood as an energy source, while head’s higher education, household income, housing types, adoption of cooking range and clean stoves, and residency in Punjab and Sindh provinces discourage firewood use. Similarly, the results of the second stage of Heckman model demonstrate that head’s age, household size, income, detached and semidetached houses, and KP residency significantly account for household firewood consumption expenditure. Findings of Tobit regression uncover that illiterate head with agricultural occupation, household size, and rural residency in particular in KP province have a significant association with household carbon emissions. However, female-headed households, higher education, paid work, household income, and Punjab and Sindh residencies tend to generate lower carbon emissions. Therefore, the study suggests raising awareness among females about the harmful effects of firewood energy, expanding access to alternative cleaner energy sources, and promoting the use of clean and efficient stoves. In addition, increasing household income and decreasing household size could be other valid policy options for reducing household carbon footprints
Disparity in temporal and spatial relationships between resting-state electrophysiological and fMRI signals
Authors: Tu Wenyu , Cramer Samuel , Zhang Nanyin
Published: January 2024

Resting-state brain networks (RSNs) have been widely applied in health and disease, but their interpretation in terms of the underlying neural activity is unclear. To systematically investigate this cornerstone issue, here we simultaneously recorded whole-brain resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) and electrophysiology signals in two separate brain regions in rats. Our data show that for both recording sites, band-specific local field potential (LFP) power-derived spatial maps can explain up to 90% of the spatial variance of RSNs obtained by the rsfMRI signal. Paradoxically, the time series of LFP band power can only explain up to 35% of the temporal variance of the local rsfMRI time course from the same site. In addition, regressing out time series of LFP power from rsfMRI signals has limited impact on the spatial patterns of rsfMRI-based RSNs. This disparity in the spatial and temporal relationships between resting-state electrophysiology and rsfMRI signals suggest that the electrophysiological activity alone does not account for all effects in the rsfMRI signal. To further interpret this disparity, we propose a model hypothesizing that a significant component in the rsfMRI signal is driven by electrophysiology-invisible neural activities that are active in neurovascular coupling. Temporally, this electrophysiology-invisible signal is weakly correlated to electrophysiology data. However, as signaling of these two types of neural activities are both constrained by the same anatomical backbone, they can generate similar RSN spatial patterns. These data and the model provide a new perspective of our interpretation of RSNs.
Moderating Effect of Institutional Quality on the Population Growth-Environmental Sustainability Nexus in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Agu Christian
Published: January 2024

This study examines the moderating effect of institutional quality on the population growth-environmental sustainability nexus in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) over the period 2000–2020. Applying the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation technique and a Granger causality test to check if there exists any causality between population growth and emission levels, the findings indicate that population growth positively impacts on emission level in Sub-Saharan Africa, thus, affecting the environment negatively. However, its observed effect was statistically insignificant due to the interaction of institutions with population growth which proved significant. The results further indicate that other macroeconomic variables impacting positively and significantly on emission level in SSA are economic complexity index and per capita GDP. The study also establishes that there is no causal relationship between population growth and emission level in SSA. Lastly, the study finds that institutions play a vital role in reducing emission levels in the zone. It is therefore recommended that the government should vigorously pursue population and environmental policies directed at promoting environmental sustainability by controlling population, and promoting sustainable environmental practices.
JEL Classification: O43; 044; J130; J180