bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efecto de la densidad de población sobre el crecimiento y producción de plantas en primera generación de banano dátil (Musa AA)
Authors: Smith Edgar , Velásquez Miguel , Zúñiga Luis , Valerín Jesús
Published: October 2020

Cuatro densidades de población (1.666, 2.000, 2.222 y 2.500 plantas.ha-1) fueron consideradas en un experimento que se efectuó en el Caribe de Costa Rica. Conforme la densidad de plantas aumentó, la altura del pseudotallo (p=0,0001) y la cantidad de días de la siembra a la cosecha (p=0,0263) aumentaron. La densidad de plantas no afectó la circunferencia del pseudotallo ni el número de hojas a la floración y la cosecha. El incremento en la densidad de plantas redujo linealmente el peso del racimo (p=0,00076) inducido principalmente por el menor peso del racimo en la mayor densidad. No obstante, la reducción de 0,5 kg fue de poca magnitud y el incremento en la densidad de plantas podría resultar en 834 racimos más sin que hubiese diferencias en el número de manos y frutos en la segunda mano, así como en el grosor de fruto de la primera y última mano. Los resultados sugieren la necesidad de evaluar en este cultivar estrategias de producción más intensivas, similares a la tecnología desarrollada para plátano (Musa AAB) de alta productividad, que incluye: altas densidades de población, renovación de la plantación luego de cada ciclo de cultivo y bloques de plantación escalonados en el tiempo. La utilización de esta estrategia productiva podría representar, al igual que ha sido demostrado para plátano, una opción de manejo más rentable y segura que el sistema de producción actual de dátil, basado en baja densidad de población y manejo perenne de la plantación.
Aplicación y comparación de métodos univariados para evaluar la estabilidad en maíces del valle Tolucaatlacomulco, México
Authors: González Andrés , De Jesús Pérez Delfina , Sahagún Jaime , Franco Omar , Morales Edgar Jesús , Rubí Martín , Gutiérrez Francisco , Balbuena Artemio
Published: October 2020

El objetivo de este estudio fue aplicar 6 métodos univariados para evaluar la estabilidad de 25 genotipos de maíz (Zea mays L.) de los Valles Altos de México. Los genotipos fueron evaluados en 4 ambientes bajo un diseño de bloques completos al azar, con 4 repeticiones por ambiente. Con los datos del rendimiento de grano (RG) se practicó un análisis de varianza combinado. Los índices de estabilidad calculados fueron la desviación estándar (Si) y el coeficiente de variación (CVi) de Francis y Kannenberg, los parámetros de estabilidad (bi y S2di ) de Eberhart y Russell, la ecovalencia (Wi) de Wricke, la varianza de estabilidad ( i 2) de Shukla, los índices no parámetricos (Si (1) y Si (2)) de Huehn, y la medida de superioridad de un cultivar (Pi) de Lin y Binns. Los resultados mostraron que Chalqueño, ETA 13, H-40, San Lucas y VS-46E tuvieron los índices de estabilidad más pequeños. La metodología del biplot identificó a estos 5 genotipos, así como a Ixtlahuaca y HIT-3 como variedades estables y de alto rendimiento (de 5,92 a 7,91 t.ha-1). La metodología del biplot indicó que RG, bi, Pi y CVi, estuvieron relacionados, pero tuvieron poca o ninguna relación con Si, Wi , i 2, Si (1), Si (2) y S2di. Chalqueño y ETA 13 pertenecen a la raza Chalqueño, Ixtlahuaca y San Lucas fueron identificadas en la raza Cónico, mientras que H-40, HIT-3 y VS-46E tienen germoplasma de otras razas, por lo que éstos podrían emplearse en un programa de mejoramiento para incrementar el rendimiento de grano y la estabilidad de los maíces de esta región de México.
Evaluación de fungicidas convencionales e inductores de resistencia para el combate de mildiú velloso (Pseudoperonospora cubensis) en melón (Cucumis melo)
Authors: Méndez Leiva William , Arauz Luis Felipe , Ríos Rodrigo
Published: October 2020

El mildiú velloso, causado por el oomicete Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berck y Curtis) Rostovtsev, es una de las enfermedades más importantes en el cultivo de melón en Costa Rica. En la presente investigación se estudió el efecto de la aplicación de 2 fungicidas sistémicos convencionales, mefenoxam (1,96 kg i.a.ha-1) y dimethomorph (0,45 kg i.a.ha-1) y una secuencia de 2 fungicidas protectores, clorotalonil/mancozeb (2,01/1,20 kg i.a.ha-1), en combinación con 3 inductores de resistencia, fosfito (1,01 kg i.a.ha-1), menadiona bisulfito sodio (MBS) (0,14 kg i.a.ha-1), acibenzolar-S-metil (ASM) (0,02 kg i.a.ha-1), más un testigo sin fungicida y otro sin inductor, sobre la severidad de la enfermedad en el melón cv ?Ruidera?. Se encontraron diferencias significativas (p < 0,05) en el área bajo la curva de progreso de la enfermedad entre los tratamientos fungicidas. La menor severidad se observó con los tratamientos clorotalonil/mancozeb y dimethomorph, en comparación con el mefenoxam. El fosfito fue el único inductor que resultó en diferencias significativas con respecto a los otros inductores y al testigo sin aplicación de inductores. No se determinaron interacciones estadísticamente significativas entre los fungicidas y los inductores de resistencia. El tratamiento que mostró la mayor eficiencia en el combate de la enfermedad fue clorotalonil/mancozeb+fosfito, con 4 aplicaciones de fungicidas y 2 del inductor de resistencia. Este tratamiento tuvo un costo económico menor que otros menos eficientes en el combate de la enfermedad.
Métodos de extracción de boro y respuesta del jaúl a su adición en andisoles de Costa Rica
Authors: Segura Manuel , Castillo Álvaro , Alvarado Alfredo
Published: October 2020

Se estudió el efecto de la adición de B en Andisoles sobre las variables altura, diámetro y volumen de los árboles en 5 plantaciones de Alnus acuminata de edad inicial en años de 0,5 en Hermanas Callejas (HC), 1 en Lechería Experimental (LE), 3 en Rosa Marta Cubero (RMC), 5 en Landelina (L) y 7 en Carter (C); a la última evaluación, las plantaciones tenían 3 años más de edad. El B se suplió como Boronato y se aplicó al voleo en cantidades de 0, 2, 4, 6 y 8 kg.ha-1 para determinar su efecto residual a los 14 meses después de aplicado. El B adicionado incrementó su disponibilidad en el suelo, incremento que puede detectarse mediante extracción con agua caliente presurizada o con Mehlich 3. Los valores de correlación entre el B aplicado y el B extraído por el método de Mehlich 3 son mejores que los obtenidos con el método de agua caliente presurizada. La incorporación de 0 a 8 kg.ha-1 del elemento, no causó ningún incremento en las variables dasométricas del jaúl en los sitios comparados, excepto por un incremento significativo en volumen de madera en la plantación de Landelina (8 años de edad). La poca o ninguna respuesta encontrada, se atribuye a que el contenido inicial de B disponible en el suelo osciló entre 0,19-1,00 mg.kg-1, valores en su mayoría sobre el valor crítico de 0,5 mg.kg-1 mencionado para cultivos en Andisoles y a un bajo requerimiento de B por parte del jaúl. La concentración foliar de B tendió a aumentar ligeramente conforme se elevó la cantidad de B adicionada al suelo, mientras que la concentración de N foliar no mostró ninguna tendencia.
Relación entre la mineralogÍa de la fracción arcilla y la fertilidad en algunos suelos cultivados con banano en las llanuras aluviales del caribe de Costa Rica
Authors: Arias Fulvio , Mata Rafael , Alvarado Alfredo , Serrano Edgardo , Laguna Jorge
Published: October 2020

Se analizó la relación entre las familias mineralógicas y las características de fertilidad de suelos cultivados con banano en las llanuras del Caribe de Costa Rica. Los resultados corroboran que existen diferencias en fertilidad atribuibles al tipo y cantidad de arcilla dominante, de manera que la CIC, retención de fosfatos y las bases cambiables varían en función de la familia mineralógica. Los suelos agrupados en la familia esmectítica presentaron mayores valores de CIC y bases cambiables y menor retención de fosfatos que los suelos agrupados dentro de la familia metahaloisítica. Los suelos con presencia de vermiculita presentaron menor disponibilidad de K y mayor disponibilidad de Mg.
Uso del inóculo microbial elaborado en finca en ensilaje de maíz (Zea mays). Valor nutricional y fermentativo
Authors: Cubero José Francisco , Rojas Augusto , WingChing-Jones Rodolfo
Published: October 2020

Se evaluó el efecto de 3 niveles de inóculo microbial producido en finca (0,5, 1,0 y 1,5 l.t-1 de MF) y un nivel de 0,5 kg.t-1 MF de inóculo comercial (CEN-Sile®) sobre las características nutricionales y fermentativas del ensilaje de maíz híbrido (Cristiani Burkard®) cosechado a 90 días. Además se evaluó un ensilaje sin la aplicación de inóculo microbial. Para tal fin, se elaboró microsilos de 1,0 kg de peso fresco en bolsas de polietileno transparente selladas al vacío, las cuales se abrieron al cabo de 70 días de fermentación. En el material antes de ensilar se nota una reducción en el contenido de materia seca (MS), fibra detergente neutro (FDN) y fibra detergente ácida (FDA) conforme se aplica el inóculo, no así en el contenido de proteína cruda (PC). La aplicación de los inóculos microbiales mejoró en promedio en el material ensilado los contenidos de PC, cenizas y extracto etéreo (EE), pero presentó un efecto negativo sobre la MS, la FDN, la FDA, la lignina, la digestibilidad in vitro de la materia seca (DIVMS) y la densidad energética. El ensilaje sin la aplicación de inóculos microbiales presentó los valores mejores en el pH, en la capacidad buffer y en el nivel de nitrógeno amoniacal. El contenido de nutrientes digestibles totales (NDT), la energía digestible y metabolizable, la energía neta de mantenimiento, de ganancia y lactancia fluctuaron entre 57,65- 66,80%, 2,54-2,95 Mcal.kg-1, 2,08-2,42 Mcal. kg-1, 1,23-1,53 Mcal.kg-1, 0,66-0,94 Mcal.kg-1 y 1,29-1,52 Mcal.kg-1, respectivamente. La aplicación del inóculo microbial no mostró un efecto sustancial sobre las características fermentativas y nutricionales en el ensilaje de maíz, por lo cual se podría recomendar el empleo de este tipo de biotecnologías en forrajes verdes que presentes limitaciones en su proceso fermentativo, como las leguminosas y las gramíneas.
Comparación de trampas de golpe de diferente tamaño en la captura de ratas Sigmodon hirsutus (Cricetidae)
Authors: Monge Javier
Published: October 2020

Se comparó la eficiencia de trampas de golpe de diferente tamaño en la captura de ratas, Sigmodon hirsutus, y se determinó las causas que más afectan el adecuado funcionamiento de estas trampas. El estudio se realizó en una plantación de maní, Arachis hypogaea, de 0,7 ha, con un área de muestreo de 0,49 ha, y una disposición de trampas en forma de cuadrícula, para un total de 539 y 294 trampas noche, de tamaño pequeño y grande, respectivamente. La causa principal para un inadecuado funcionamiento de las trampas fue la ausencia o escasez de cebo, seguido de la presencia de hormigas; la activación, remoción o volteo de trampas; inundación de trampas; y captura de otras especies. El éxito de capturas en trampas grandes fue de 9,9%, mientras que en las pequeñas de solo 4,4%. Ambos tipos de trampa lograron la captura de roedores de la mayoría de las clases de longitud y peso, sin que se evidencie una diferencia significativa en el tipo de roedor, según longitud y peso corporal, capturado por las trampas grandes, mientras que las pequeñas mostraron una capacidad limitada para capturar individuos de mayor peso corporal. Sin embargo, las trampas pequeñas mostraron limitaciones en la captura de individuos de mayor tamaño y peso, por lo que se asume que el uso de solo trampas de golpe pequeñas puede sesgar los resultados en estudios poblacionales de esta especie de roedor.
Ácaros asociados al cultivo del aguacate (Persea americana Mill) en la Costa Central de Perú
Authors: Muñoz Marticorena Jorge Luis , Rodriguez Berrío Alexander
Published: October 2020

En la costa central de Perú (Lima e Ica), se cultiva el aguacate con fines de exportación, especialmente la variedad Hass. Con el objetivo de conocer la diversidad de ácaros depredadores en huertos comerciales de aguacate, se realizaron recolectas en 6 lugares de la costa central, durante el 2010 al 2012. Se registraron 12 especies de la familia Phytoseiidae, de los cuales algunos tendrían potencial como depredadores eficientes de Oligonychus sp. (Guanilo et ál. 2012); estos son: Amblyseius aerialis (Muma), Amblyseius chungas (Demmark y Muma), Amblyseiella setosa (Muma), Euseius emanus (El–Banhawy), Euseius concordis (Chant), Euseius stipulatus (Athias–Henriot), Phytoseiulus persimilis (Athias Henriot), Phytoseiulus macropilis (Banks), Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor), Typhlodromina subtropica (Chant), Typhlodromus (Antoseius) evectus (Schusters) y Aristadromips n.sp. Se confirmó que la vegetación espontánea cumple un rol importante en la conservación de las especies halladas en este cultivo y que además la introducción de un ácaro depredador exótico, como Euseius stipulatus, contribuyó significativamente con el control de la plaga durante la temporada de invierno.
Relations between Rulers and Ruled in the Medieval Maghrib: The “Social Contract” in the Almoravid and Almohad Centuries, 1050–1250
Authors: Bennison Amira K
Published: October 2020

This article approaches the notion of an Islamic social contract from the perspective of the Berber inhabitants of the Maghrib and their concern that the state should be just, with a particular focus on the period between 1050 and 1250 when the region was ruled by two successsive indigenous imperial regimes, the Almoravids and the Almohads. It explores the gradual implantation of ideas of Islamic statehood in the region, their intersection with earlier indigenous beliefs and social practices, and the “naturalization” of Islamic philosophical ideas developed in the ?Abbasid East and al Andalus in the very different environment of the Maghrib. Two ideas of particular salience to the discussion are the Almoravid idea of a M?lik? “Commander of Truth or Law,” the am?r al-?aqq, and Almohad references to a utopian perfect city or polis, al-mad?na al-f??ila, in the context of their recognition of their spiritual father, Ibn T?mart, as the mahd?.
Intelligence and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
Authors: De L. Ferreira Vanessa K. , Cruz Marcelo S.
Published: October 2020

Background

The studies on intelligence in individuals with fetal alcohol exposure are conflicting. Some have found a relevant impairment in this population, while others found results that were consistent with the population at large.

Objectives

Describe the results of studies on intelligence in individuals with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders.

Methods

Indexed articles of the last 10 years were selected for an integrative literature review. After inclusion and

exclusion criteria were satisfied 37 articles were selected.

Results

General intelligence, both verbal and non-verbal, is impaired in people who are prenatally exposed to alcohol. There is a tendency to a greater reduction in the Freedom from Distractibility/Working Memory Index of Wechsler Scales.

Conclusions

Reduction in intelligence seems to occur on a continuum similar to the fetal alcohol spectrum. The reduction of the Freedom from Distractibility/Working Memory Index appears to be a reflection of a greater impairment of mathematical ability.
Determining proton pump inhibitor prescription dispensing patterns and adherence to STOPP criteria for Nova Scotia Seniors Pharmacare Program beneficiaries
Authors: H. Carter Jillian , S. Sketris Ingrid , Tamim Hala , Levy Adrian R. , Langley Joanne M.
Published: October 2020

Background

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are often prescribed potentially inappropriately. The screening tool of older person’s potentially inappropriate prescriptions (STOPP) for therapeutic dose PPIs has been adapted to examine PPI discontinuation, dose reduction, or switching to Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonist (H2RA) after 60 days.

Objectives

The objectives of the present study were to (1) describe the use of acid suppression therapy (PPIs and H2RAs) 60 and 90 days after a new PPI dispensing, (2) assess predictors of lack of adherence to adapted STOPP criteria for PPI use, and (3) assess PPI dispensing over time.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study of beneficiaries of the Nova Scotia Seniors Pharmacare (NSSP) aged 66 years or older who were newly dispensed a PPI between January 1, 1997 and March 31, 2011. The main outcome measure was adherence to the adapted STOPP criteria, which was analyzed using logistic regression.

Results

A total of 14,453 participants were included: 89.8% beginning on standard dose and 10.2% beginning on high dose PPI. Of those beginning on high-dose PPI, 26.4% were dispensed high-dose PPI at day 60 and 30.2% were dispensed high-dose PPI at day 90. Predictors of lack of adherence to our adapted STOPP criteria included age ≥86 years, rural residence, and hospitalization within 1 year prior to cohort entry.

Conclusions

Many PPI prescriptions dispensed for NSSP beneficiaries fail to adhere to the STOPP criteria. Predictors of lack of adherence to the adapted STOPP criteria were identified.
Rozeznawanie duchowe w kontekście Katolickiej Odnowy Charyzmatycznej
Authors: Płusa Sławomir
Published: October 2020

Bóg od chwili stworzenia prowadzi dialog z człowiekiem. Przez grzech został on bardzo utrudniony. Dlatego słowa wypowiedziane przez ludzi w imieniu Boga podlegają duchowemu rozeznawaniu. Kościół jest zbudowany na fundamencie apostołów i proroków. Słowa wypływające z autentycznego natchnienia Bożego budują Kościół i przyczyniają się do pomnożenia pokoju oraz wzrostu w miłości. Istnieją jednak również fałszywe proroctwa. Rozeznawaniu duchowemu podlega nie tylko treść proroctw, lecz również osoba proroka. Liczy się zarówno ich zgodność z nauką Kościoła, jak również owoce, jakie rodzą one we wspólnocie, do której są skierowane. W sercu Katolickiej Odnowy Charyzmatycznej jest wsłuchiwanie się w słowa Boże, rozeznawanie ich i przekazywanie innym. Pierwszymi odpowiedzialnymi za ich duchowe rozeznawanie są odpowiedzialni za wspólnotę, a w sposób szczególny prezbiterzy i biskupi.
Modlitwa o dar rozeznawania woli Boga (Flp 1, 9–11)
Authors: Klich Anna Emanuela
Published: October 2020

Celem tego artykułu było zbadanie, jak św. Paweł rozumie rozeznawanie woli Boga w życiu wierzących. Egzegeza modlitwy wstawienniczej apostoła zanoszonej do Boga za Filipian (1, 9–11) wskazuje na to, że rozeznawanie jest przede wszystkim darem, łaską Boga, o którą warto prosić dla siebie i dla innych, dla Kościoła.Apostoł Narodów podkreśla, że rozeznawanie łączy się ściśle ze wzrostem w miłości, ale też z otwieraniem się na poznanie objawiającego się Boga. Kluczową kwestią w rozeznawaniu – dla Pawła – jest odnajdywanie tego, co jest faktycznie wartościowe. Odczytując tę zasadę poprzez Rz 12, 2 można przyjąć, że chodzi o to, co dobre – w znaczeniu – pomocne do zbawienia, o to w czym Bóg ma upodobanie, czyli o czystość serca i całkowite ofiarowanie się Jemu oraz o to, co doskonałe, dojrzałe.Treść tej modlitwy wstawienniczej zdaje się uwrażliwiać wierzących na dzia-łającego Boga, od którego pochodzi dar miłości, rozpoznawania i wybierania tego, co sprawia, że podobieństwo wierzących do Chrystusa coraz wyraźniej się uwidacznia.
Vigilância epidemiológica e a pandemia da Covid-19 no Brasil. Elementos para entender a resposta brasileira e a explosão de casos e mortes
Authors: Mota Eduardo , Glória Teixeira Maria
Published: October 2020

N/A
Embodiment and Social Distancing: Editorial
Authors: de Roza Elizabeth , Fari Nathalie S. , Hagan Cara , Spatz Ben
Published: October 2020

We are at a point in history in which bodies are linked in truly unprecedented ways. There are new types of limitations, new opportunities, and also new kinds of violence taking place through these connections. It is a lot to take in and very challenging to grasp as it unfolds. In this editorial video essay, the editors of the Journal of Embodied Research’s special issue on “embodiment and social distancing” introduce the fifteen video essays that follow.
Pembelajaran Etnomatematika Sunda untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemodelan Matematik dan Kecerdasan Kreatif Mahasiswa PGSD
Authors: Supriadi Supriadi
Published: October 2020

Aspects of local culture in learning mathematics in primary school teacher education are still not optimally presented in learning. One way to realize this learning is by learning Sundanese ethnomathematics. The mathematical modeling is very supportive ability in the learning process. The process of mathematical modeling can develop creative intelligence. This article uses the Didactical Design Research method to further optimize the quality of teaching materials. The number of research subjects was 180 of first semester student. The teaching material was tested for success by an experimental method through a test instrument that measured mathematical modeling abilities and creative intelligence. Research results in mathematical modeling ability among students who get mathematics learning using Sundanese ethnomathematics learning is significantly better than students who use conventional learning. There is no interaction between learning models used with educational background groups on mathematical modeling abilities. There is no interaction for creative intelligence. Sundanese ethnomathematics learning with didactic design material can be used as a model of mathematics learning to develop the abilities and dispositions of mathematical creative thinking abilities and dispositions in the elementary school teacher education environment.
Strategi Pembelajaran Dalam Optimalisasi Kecerdasan Musikal Anak Di TK Dharma Bahagia Samarinda
Authors: Rahardjo Budi , Sutriah Naning , Rozie Fachrul
Published: October 2020

This study aimed to reveal the strategies implementation, supporting and challenging factors in singing learning strategies in Dharma Bahagia kindergarten school in optimizing children's musical intelligence. This research used a qualitative approach with case studies type. The research subjects included the school principal, teacher, trainer and 8 children aged 5-6 years. Data collection techniques used were in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation with interactive models of data analysis. The results revealed that the strategy used was a demonstration strategy when the teacher taught children directly the steps to memorize lyrics and direct teaching guided by the teacher in memorizing songs and tones. The trainer role was limited to the training process outside the classroom. Some challenging factors that arised are the teachers’ lack of preparation and the dependence of the trainer's schedule and the lack of learning media facilities to support singing activities. It causes an unconducive learning atmosphere and lack of song lyrics memorization. The supporting factors found included high children enthusiasm in participating in singing activities, the teachers’ activeness in directing children, and that involving music activities and a conducive space to practice singing activities. The results concluded that a demonstration strategy and direct teaching can optimize musical intelligence in classroom learning.
Video Blog: Media Pembelajaran Alternatif untuk Melatih Keterampilan Menulis Paragraf bagi Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Hapsari Angganingrum Shinta , Gunarhadi Gunarhadi , Roemintoyo Roemintoyo
Published: October 2020

Paragraph writing is important for students in all level. However, it is considered to be difficult for elementary students. This study was set to identify the potential of video blog as an instructional media to enhance writing skill in elementary school. Video blog would function as instructional media in bahasa Indonesia learning. The study included fifth grader students in Marsudirini Elementary Schol and Widya Wacana.  Elementary School. Data was collected via questionnaire. This descriptive study was conducted in the 2019 academic year. Findings showed that the teachers were not using instructional media in the class during bahasa Indonesia learning  process in the class. The students were mostly used to watch video blog. The students stated the benefit of watching video blog as having better understanding and comprehension of the content. Video blog has potential to be instructional media in bahasa Indonesia learning in elementary school especially in paragraph writing.
Analisis Butir Soal IPS Kelas V Sekolah Dasar Menggunakan Software ITEMAN
Authors: Alfarisa Fitri , Chudari Ima Ni'mah , Robiansyah Firman
Published: October 2020

The assessment process did not end by only making questions. They will arrive at the analysis of the questions quality. Item analysis is performed to determine the quality of the questions items arranged. Good quality items will greatly affect the results of the assessment and properly capturing the results of learning. The purpose of this study is to analyze the Social Sciences question items for fifth grade of elementary school using the classic ITEMAN focusing on the characteristics of the level of difficulty, the discrimation power, and the functioning of distractor of items. This research is a descriptive study with quantitative research. Subjects were 370 elementary school students in Serang City. The instrument analuzed was made in the form of 20 items of multiple choices with four answer option. The instrument was validated by the content expert and estimated the reliability by using the KR-20 method by reliability index of 0.75 obtained. The data analysis technique used ITEMAN software to see the characteristics of items that contain the level of difficulty, discrimination power and disctractor’ function. The results showed that 80% of the difficulty level were in the medium category, 90% of the dircrimination power items were in the good category, and 90% of the distractors had well-fuctioned. This result indicated that the question created by teacher for fifth grade of elementary school in Serang City concluded as good category.
Kebijakan Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Banten dalam Meningkatkan Profesionalisme Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Authors: Irmawanty Irmawanty , Sumantri Mohammad Syarif , Marini Arita , Juniardi Yudi
Published: October 2020

Education is one of the instruments of change and national civilization, especially related to human values and mental attitudes. The teacher is an activator, motivator and evaluator of education so that its existence must always be in a quality position. For that reason, it is necessary to conduct sustainable professionalism development as a form of optimizing the teachers’ role and function of in school or madrasah as formal institutions. By this ideal fuction, the authors see the spirit of optimism by educational world to encourage the formation of a fully prosperous civil society. This research investigated how the policy of the Regional Office of the Ministry of Religion of Banten Province in improving the professionalism of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah teachers. This research used a qualitative method by documentary studies based on reports on activities carried out by the Madrasah Education Division in 2018 and in depth-interviews to the Heads of Madrasah Education Division and the Section Heads of Madrasah Education Division. Based on the results of data analysis, this study concluded that the Regional Office of the Ministry of Religion of Banten Province has held three valuable programs related to enhance the teachers’ professionalism. They were strengthening the competence of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah teachers through various program and pedagogical activities, increasing managerial competence by several trainings and increasing teachers’ welfare through providing financial incentive, and conducting scientific competitions.
Pemanfaatan Modifikasi Permainan Trivial Pursuit Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Guna Meningkatkan Kosakata Bahasa Inggris Anak
Authors: Nasella Riska
Published: October 2020

The mastery and use of English is very important for social community, especially for children. Children are potential assets in building the nation. Their abilities and intelligence should be optimized to create a developed and competitive nation. Seeing that there is still a lack of elementary shool students  in mastering English vocabulary, the researcher were willing to modify the Trivial Pursuit game as learning media to improve children English vocabulary mastery. The Trivial Pursuit game was chosen because this game is very fun when and can unwittingly internalize their knowledge and language. This research was carried out in the historical tourism area of the Banten Lama Kaibon Palace with 10 research subjects and representatives of community elements. This research is qualitative focus on action research where containing the process of planning, making provisions, acting, collecting data, analyzing data, evaluating data, and reflection. The result is proven that there is an improvement in mastery of English vocabulaty after learning by using Trivial Pursuit. The tourisme community also assumed that the action is really helpful to children around tourism site to learn English.
Model Pembelajaran STAD Berbantuan Media Scrapbook Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Apriliya Vita , Kanzunnudin Mohammad , Purbasari Imaniar
Published: October 2020

This study aimed to improve students’ learning outcomes through the STAD model aided by Scrapbook media in theme 7 "The Beauty of Diversity in My Country" in the content of Indonesian Language and Social Sciences subject of fourth grade of elementary school. The method used in this study was classroom action research conducted in fourth grade of elementary school, which numbered 19 students. This research was conducted in two cycles, each cycle consisting of four stages, namely planning, implementation, observation and reflection. Data collection was obtained through tests, observations, interviews and documentation. The results showed that an increase in students’ learning outcomes in the cognitive aspect of cycle I gained a classical completeness of 63.16%, then an increase in cycle II gained a classical completeness of 78.95% in Indonesian Languange Subject.  In the Social Science subject,  cycle I received a classical completeness of 52.63% and increased in cycle II gained 73.69% classical completeness. Psychomotor domain of students’ learning outcomes also experienced an increase when Indonesian Language cycle I gained an average of 72.28% and increased in cycle II by 77.31% with good criteria. In the Social Science, cycle I obtained an average of 72.63% and increased in the cycle II by an average of 80.94% with good criteria. It can be concluded that the application of the STAD learning model assisted by Scrapbook media can improve student learning outcomes in the cognitive and psychomotor domains.
Analisis Kemampuan Memecahkan Masalah Matematika Materi Debit Pada Kelas V Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Lestari Vitta Putri , Saputro Bagus Ardi , Sukamto Sukamto
Published: October 2020

Mathematical problem solving is a method used to solve knowledge and ability problems related to calculation problems, both personal problems and group problems in everyday life. This research was conducted to determine how the ability of students in solving math problems in elementary schools on discharge material using tests. This research was a type of research that uses qualitative methods with descriptive types, where each result of this analysis will be more accurately and clearly expressed about the problem-solving abilities of students in solving problems. The subjects were 5 students of fifth grade of elementary school. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires, observation, documentation, and tests of mathematical problem-solving abilities as well as interview guides. This research showed that 0% of students experience errors at the question reading stage. 20% of students indicate the error lies in understanding the problem. 16% of students indicated the location of the error in the transformation problem. 24% of students showed the location of the error in the numeracy process skills and the biggest error was writing the final answer by 80%. From this study, there were 1 student who scored below the minimum score, 4 students had exceeded the predetermined standard limit for mathematics lessons. Based on this research, it can find out the locations of the students' mistakes so that it provides instructions for the teacher where the teacher can deploy effective teaching strategies to overcome them.
Leiden Ameliyathane ve Yoğun Bakım Güvenliği Ölçeği’nin Türkçe’ye Uyarlanması
Authors: ALTINBAŞ Yasemin , SOYER ER Özlem , YAVUZ VAN GİERSBERGEN Meryem
Published: October 2020

Amaç: Leiden Ameliyathane ve Yoğun Bakım Güvenliği Ölçeği’nin Türkçe’ye uyarlanmasıdır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışma, metodolojik bir araştırmadır. Araştırma verileri, iki üniversite hastanesinde ameliyathane ve yoğun bakım ünitelerinde en az 1 yıldır çalışan, 18 yaşından büyük 319 sağlık çalışanıyla Nisan-Haziran 2019 tarihleri arasında toplandı. Verilerin toplanmasında, “Sağlık Çalışanlarının Sosyodemografik ve Mesleki Özellikler Formu” ve “Leiden Ameliyathane ve Yoğun Bakım Güvenliği Ölçeği” kullanıldı. Sağlık çalışanlarının sosyodemografik ve klinik özellikleri tanımlayıcı testlerden sayı, yüzde, ortalama ve standart sapma ile analiz edildi. Geçerlik ve güvenirlik yapılırken iç tutarlılık, dil, kapsam ve yapı geçerliği incelendi.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan sağlık çalışanlarının yaş ortalaması 28,71±6,31 yıl olup, % 55,8’i kadındır. Çalışanların % 39,8’i hemşire, % 32,6’sı anestezi uzmanı, % 18,8’i hekim, % 4,7’si anestezi teknisyeni ve % 4,1’i de ameliyathane teknikeridir. Dil geçerliği sağlanan ölçeğin kapsam geçerlik indeksi 0,99 bulundu. Ölçeğin Cronbach α katsayısı 0,89 olup yüksek güvenirlik derecesine sahip olduğu belirlendi. Madde toplam puan korelasyonunda 12., 13., 16., 17., 19., 46., 52., 54., 55. ve 59. maddeler hariç diğer tüm maddelerin korelasyon katsayıları 0,258 ile 0,666 arasında ve p
Division of Labour, Work–Life Conflict and Family Policy: Conclusions and Reflections
Authors: Ochsner Michael , Szalma Ivett , Takács Judit
Published: October 2020

This thematic issue aims to shed light on different facets of the relationship between division of labour within families and couples, work–life conflict and family policy. In this afterword, we provide a summary of the contributions by emphasizing three main aspects in need of further scrutiny: the conceptualisation of labour division within families and couples, the multilevel structure of relationships and the interactions of gender(ed) values at different levels of exploration.
On the question of the reasons for the tension in labor with a two-horned uterus
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: October 2020

Abstracts. Review of Obstetric and Gynecological literature: Russian.Shirshov. To the question of the reasons for the tension in labor with a two-horned uterus. - ("Doctor", 1898, I? 29).As is known, there are various explanations for the reasons for the protracted course of labor with a two-legged uterus: for one reason it is the primary weakness of pain, depending on the insufficient development of the uterine muscles; for another reason, this is due to the oblique position of the pregnant uterus, which adversely affects both the position of the baby and the mechanism of childbirth, as well as the forced activity.
On the question of the course of pregnancy, childbirth and postnatal time in young first-born women
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: October 2020

Abstracts. Review of Obstetric and Gynecological literature: Russian.Maryanchik. To the question of the course of pregnancy, childbirth and post-birth time among young first-born women . ("Doctor", 1898, No. 31).In a brief preliminary report, the author's conclusions regarding some features of the course of pregnancy, childbirth and the postnatal period in first-born women at the age of 16 to 20 years are given in the form of 26 provisions.
Koncepcja „boga ułomnego” i jej warianty w wybranych utworach Stanisława Lema
Authors: Kochanowski Marcin Jerzy
Published: October 2020

W artykule opisuję występującą w twórczości Stanisława Lema koncepcję „boga ułomnego” oraz różne jej warianty występujące w wybranych jego powieściach i opowiadaniach. Zgodnie z nią, bóg ten jest istotą pozbawioną atrybutów wszechmocy i wszechwiedzy, która nie zajmuje odrębnej, transcendentnej sfery bytu, lecz uwikłany jest w świat i materię, pozostając ograniczony przez ów świat, a także przez stworzone przez siebie byty, odkrywając stopniowo owe ograniczenia. Nadto poddaję krytycznej analizie poglądy komentatorów twórczości pisarza na temat omawianej koncepcji.
Yerel Yönetimlerde Stratejik Planlama Sürecinde Karşılaşılan Yönetsel ve Kültürel Sorunlar: Bursa İl Özel İdaresi Örneği
Authors: KURT Ahmet
Published: October 2020

Neoliberalizmin özel sektör uygulamalarından yola çıkarak ileri sürdüğü “yeni kamu işletmeciliği”nin bir uygulaması olan ve Türkiye’de de kamu kurumlarında yasal olarak 2006 yılından itibaren tatbikata konulan stratejik planlama, bürokratik kültüre sahip bu örgütlerde bazı yönetsel ve kültürel sorunlarla karşılaşmaktadır. Bu sorunsal (olgu), amaçsal örneklem olarak seçilen Bursa İl Özel İdaresi (BİÖİ) ölçeğinde nitel bir araştırma ile test edilmiştir. Araştırma ile BİÖİ’nin dokuz yıllık sürede iki dönem halinde uyguladığı stratejik planların sonuçları da belli ölçülerde ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırmada analiz birimi olarak örgütler, gözlem birimi olarak da bu örgütlerin yönetici veya temsilcileri seçilmişlerdir. Çalışmaya ilişkin temel veriler, tabakalı örneklem yoluyla seçilen; kamu kuruluşları, özel sektör işletmeleri, mesleki kuruluşlar, üniversiteler ve uzman kuruluş tabakalarından oluşan 23 örgüt ile üç siyasal parti temsilcileri ile yapılan toplam 42 yarı yapılandırılmış mülakattan elde edilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları; stratejik planların etkinliğini etkileyen çevresel koşullar, katılımcılık, saydamlık, esneklik, insan kaynakları yönetimi, geri besleme, ortak aklı harekete geçirme, stratejilere odaklanma, öğrenen örgüt olma, örgütün yolunu berraklaştırma, tarihsel perspektiften bakma gibi örgüt kültürü boyutlarının, stratejik planlamadan beklenilen kamusal faydanın gerçekleştirilmesini ne ölçüde ve ne yönde etkilediklerine vurgu yapmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın başlıca önerisinin yerel yönetimlerde etkin bir stratejik planlama yapıp uygulayabilmenin, güçlü bir örgüt kültürüne bağlı olduğunu vurgulamasıdır, denilebilir.
OECD Ülkelerinde Ar-Ge Harcamaları ve İleri Teknoloji İhracatı: Bir Panel Veri Analizi
Authors: YAMAN Habibe , ÇETİN Dilek , DULUPÇU Murat Ali
Published: October 2020

Gelişmiş ve gelişmekte ülkeler arasındaki en önemli farklardan birisi de ihracatın yapısıdır. Gelişmiş ülkelerde özellikle ileri teknoloji ihracatının payının diğerlerine göre daha fazla olmasıdır. Bu çalışmada temel amaç araştırma geliştirme (Ar-Ge) harcamaları ve ileri teknoloji ihracatı payı arasındaki ilişkiyi saptamaktır. Diğer çalışmalardan farklı olarak OECD ülkelerinin ileri teknoloji ihracatının toplam içindeki payı bağımlı değişken şeklinde ele alınmıştır. 1998-2017 yılları arasında 35 OECD ülkesi Genelleştirilmiş Momentler Yöntemi (General Method of Moments GMM) türü dinamik panel veri analizi ile incelenmiştir. Ar-Ge harcamaları, Ar-Ge’deki araştırmacı sayısı, ülke GSYİH’sinin toplam OECD içindeki payı, kişi başına reel GSYİH, genel hükümet toplam tüketim harcamaları, eğitime yapılan toplam hükümet harcamaları, net doğrudan yabancı yatırım girişi ve reel döviz kuru değişkenleri ileri teknoloji ihracatının belirleyicileri olarak kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda OECD ülkelerinde Ar-Ge harcamalarındaki artışın ileri teknoloji ihracatının payını arttırdığı saptanmıştır.
Post- Panoptikon Çağı: Gözetimin Dijitalleşmesi ve Çevrimiçi Kimliğin Gizliliği Üzerine Bir Analiz
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Şebnem
Published: October 2020

Gözetim, insanlık tarihi boyunca bir güç ve iktidar aracı olmuştur. Ağırlıklı olarak Bentham ve Foucault ile anılan Panoptikon, gözetim olgusu ile en çok anılan tasarım olup pek çok teorisyenin ilgisini çekmiş ve çekmektedir. Panoptikon’dan yola çıkarak zaman içerinde Süper-panoptikon, Sinoptikon, Omniptikon, Katoptikon gibi pek çok terim de yazına girmiş, gözetim çalışmaları yıllar içinde çok daha fazla zenginlik kazanmıştır.

Dijital iletişim araçlarının gün geçtikçe insan hayatına daha çok girdiği post-panoptikon çağında bu araçların kullanımı vasıtası ile yapılan gözetim zaman zaman temel hak ve özgürlükleri de tehdit eder duruma gelmiştir. Çoğu insanın zaman zaman bilinçsizce ve çoğu zaman gönüllü olarak gözetleyenlere teslim ettiği veriler insanların sadece kendi mahremiyetlerini ve güvenliklerini değil içinde bulundukları toplumları da tehdit edebilmektedir. Bu tehditlerin başında ayrımcılık, dışlama, zorlama, edilgenleştirme ve korku ve güvensizliğin gittikçe artması sayılabilir. Gerek politika yapıcılar gerekse işletmeler tarafından yapılan gözetim yeni bir tür gelir aracı yaratmıştır ki o da “veri”dir. Gözetleme kapitalizminde veri artık yeni bir para birimidir. Veri, alınabilir, satılabilir, değer kazanabilir ya da kaybedebilir, yatırım ve ticareti yapılabilir bir varlık haline gelmiştir.

Bu çalışma, Panoptikon analojisi üzerinden, dijital iletişim araçları vasıtası ile hangi verinin ne şekilde elde edildiği ve hangi amaçlarla kullanıldığı, dijital gözetlemenin sıradan insanlar ve genel olarak toplumsal yapı için nasıl tehdit oluşturabildiğini farklı örnekler ve vakalar ile destekleyerek incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Cultura y Transporte en Colombia desde el Enfoque de su Cotidianidad Musical
Authors: Boyano Fram Teofilo Omar
Published: October 2020

El siguiente artículo es un acercamiento cultural del género musical de Colombia y algunas canciones reconocidas a nivel local, regional, nacional e internacional que reflejan la cotidianidad y describen que actividad económica o cómo se encontraba el contexto, ya sea real o poético con la finalidad de dar a conocer la cultura Caribe, sin olvidar que se vive en un mundo globalizado y que muchas canciones que llegan a Colombia y no son en idioma Español, se reconocen como parte de su cotidianidad, ya sea porque recuerda algo o cuestiones de gustos, el texto se hace mediante una descripción de algunas interpretaciones que impactaron en su tiempo y mediante revisión bibliográfica, documental y entrevistas a personas versadas en el tema. En ella se encontró que el reflejo de la realidad del entorno describe la situación cultural del momento y muchas veces el enfoque empresarial de la localidad.
TÜRK BANKACILIK ENDÜSTRİSİNDE ETKİNLİK ANALİZİ: KÜRESEL FİNANS KRİZİ SONRASI İÇİN BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: EMRE AYSİN Meryem , ÇALMAŞUR Gürkan
Published: October 2020

Bu çalışmada, 2008 küresel finans krizi sonrası Türk bankacılık sektörünün etkinliği araştırılmıştır. Analizlerde klasik veri zarflama yöntemi kullanılmış olup ölçeğe göre sabit getiriyi dikkate alan girdi odaklı CCR modeli ve bankacılık sektörünün rekabetçi yapısı dolayısıyla çıktı odaklı BCC modeli sonuçları karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan girdi ve çıktı değişkenleri karma yaklaşıma göre seçilmiştir. Girdi değişkenleri personel sayısı, toplam aktif ve toplam öz kaynaklar iken çıktı değişkenleri toplam mevduat, toplam krediler ve net kârdır. Analizlerde optimizasyon problemlerinin çözümünde sıklıkla tercih edilen GAMs programı kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada 2010 yılı hem CCR modeli için hem de BCC modeli için etkinliğin en düşük ortalamaya sahip olduğu yıl olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ampirik sonuçlar, küresel krizin Türk bankacılık sektöründe faaliyet gösteren mevduat bankalarının etkinliklerini olumsuz olarak etkilediğini göstermiştir.
KALKINMA KAVRAMININ TARİHSEL SÜRECİ VE ETİMOLOJİK ANALİZİ
Authors: TURHAN Yunus
Published: October 2020

Kalkınma, salt iktisadi büyümeyi temel alan meta merkezci bakış açısının ötesinde, normatif ve sosyal faktörleri de içine alan çok boyutlu bir süreçtir. Wolff (1759) ile Darwin (1859) arasında biyolojik evrim (evolution) olarak kullanılan kavram, pozitivist tarih anlayışı katkısıyla sosyal bilimlerde kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. 1945 sonrası ise ABD Başkanı Harry S. Truman’ın Dördüncü Nokta Programı politikasıyla küresel bir boyut kazanmıştır. Geleneksel ve Neoklasik iktisatçıların ortaya koyduğu sürekli büyüme modeline karşı, eleştirel teorisyenlerin 1970’lerde kalkınma kavramına getirdikleri yapıcı katkılarla, insan ve refah gibi kalkınmanın nitel yönleri de kavrama entegre edilmiştir. 1980’lerde ve 1990’larda; insani kalkınma, yoksulluk, gelir eşitsizliği, özgürlük, kapasite geliştirme gibi konseptleri de içine alarak zenginleşen kalkınma, birçok noktada büyüme, gelişme, sanayileşme gibi etimolojik benzerlik gösteren terimlerden de bu süreçte ayrışmıştır. Buradan hareketle mevcut çalışma, kalkınma kavramının tarihsel bir retrospektifini inceleyerek farklı teorik yaklaşımların, kavrama içerik yönünden nasıl bir katkı sağladığı mercek altına alınmıştır. Böylece hem klasik hem de yeni kalkınma modelleri incelenerek kalkınma kavramının süreç içerisinde yaşadığı etimolojik dönüşüme dikkat çekilmiştir.
„Elegia o rzece” (Heshang) – spór o symbole, interpretację przeszłości i wizję przyszłości Chin
Authors: Kasarełło Lidia
Published: October 2020

Serial telewizyjny „Elegia o rzece” (Heshang 河殇) z 1989 r. w reżyserii Xia Juna, wyprodukowany z inspiracji środowisk uczestniczących w debacie kulturowej (wenhua re 文化热) lat 80. XX wieku, to jeden z najważniejszych tekstów kultury należącym do dyskursu tożsamościowego, w którym podjęto temat sporu cywilizacyjnego między Chinami i światem zachodnim. W dwóch okresach otwarcia Chin na świat, kontekstualizujących zjawisko współczesnego nacjonalizmu kulturowego (Zhongguowenhua minzuzhuyi 中国文化民族主义) odbywała się ważna debata naukowa i społeczna na temat wyboru przyszłej drogi rozwoju Chin. Zarówno w latach 20., jak i 80. XX wieku ten spór ten dotyczył oceny przeszłości oraz fundamentalnej dychotomii między tradycją i nowoczesnością, najogólniej reprezentowanej przez konserwatystów (neotradycjonalistów) i zwolenników okcydentalizacji. „Elegia o rzece” niejako syntezuje dyskusję chińskich elit intelektualnych na ten temat. W wielopoziomowej narracji, zbudowanej z głównej opowieści, materiałów dokumentalnych, wywiadów, dyskusji oraz licznych cytatów, emblematy kulturowe Chin (np. smok) i wyraziste metafory pełnią funkcję nici przewodnej splatającej całość przekazu. Jego emocjonalny odbiór wzmacnia wprowadzenie modelu polaryzującego kolor i symbole kardynalne Chin. Na dwóch biegunach znajduje się m.in. Żółta Rzeka, uosabiająca zacofaną cywilizację feudalnych Chin, i błękitny ocean, reprezentujący nowoczesny, przemysłowy Zachód oraz Wielki Mur i Jedwabny Szlak – symbole izolacji i otwarcia.

Analiza filmu pokazuje, że pierwotny cel służący wzmocnieniu obozu reformatorskiego nie został osiągnięty. Emisja filmu skończyła się zajadłą kampanią polityczną, natomiast sami twórcy, zamiast deklarowanej aprobaty dla projektu oświeceniowego, odsłonili przywiązanie do idei wielkich Chin.
Vision of Own Parenting in Singles and People Involved in a Romantic Relationship
Authors: Janowicz Kamil
Published: October 2020

Although it is generally assumed that experiences related to being in a romantic relationship are important for forming attitudes toward being a parent, yet there has been no reliable empirical evidence for that. Two empirical studies have been conducted to examine relations between status and length of romantic relationship and vision of own parenting (VOP). The first of them was conducted on 178 teenagers and young adults aged from 18 to 32 with the use of a survey related to predictions about being a parent in the future. In the second study, conducted on 413 young people aged from 17 to 29, the Vision of Own Parenting Questionnaire (VOPQ) was used. The structure and the content of the vision of own parenting of singles and people involved in a romantic relationship were compared. Relations between time spent in this relationship and extension of the VOP were also subject to examination. The results of both studies revealed that people involved in a romantic relationship value parenthood higher than singles, have a more extended vision of their own parenting, and have a greater desire to participate in different forms of preparation for being a parent. They also predicted more positive changes in the relationship with a life partner after childbirth, and had fewer doubts about being a parent in the future. These findings support the common thought and some theoretical concepts that being in a romantic relationship is related to forming attitudes toward being a parent in the future.