bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le discours auto-adressé des sujets malades chroniques : un agir sur soi
Authors: Paulo Lennize Pereira
Published: June 2017

Cet article est extrait d’une recherche menée auprès de personnes atteintes d’une ou plusieurs maladies chroniques. Elle vise à identifier les processus déployés par les sujets pour construire et/ou transformer au quotidien leurs espaces d’activités quand ils deviennent ou sont malades chroniques. En identifiant une classe d’activités relevant de l’agir sur soi, l’article illustre à partir de l’analyse de quatorze entretiens une activité de communication de soi à soi de type « discours auto-adressé » comme une catégorie d’instrument (Vygotski) utilisé par le sujet à l’occasion d’activités de maintien de soi en vie et en santé (Tourette-Turgis). L’analyse des matériaux permet d’identifier différents types de discours auto-adressés rapportés et tente de décrire leurs fonctions. L’auteure fait l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’usage du discours auto-adressé pourrait constituer un invariant dans les activités conduites par le sujet.
Le travail sur soi et à propos de soi à l’occasion d’un récit d'expérience : convocation de différents espaces d’activités
Authors: Dutoit Martine
Published: June 2017

Cet article rend compte d’une démarche de type ethnographique pour comprendre les processus conduisant à l’écriture d’un livre relatant une expérience vécue de confrontation, pendant presque vingt ans, à l’institution psychiatrique. Sont explorés comment le vécu de l’expérience initiale est remis au travail et comment la mise en récit fonctionne comme un exercice de construction de sens pour soi dans une présentation de soi à autrui. Le concept d’espace d’activité est convoqué pour analyser ce travail d’enquête conduisant à l’écriture. Parce qu’ils sont imbriqués ces différents espaces d’activité sont perçus comme le flux de la vie elle-même, toujours en tension, tantôt concernant les processus de transformations de l’activité en cours, tantôt concernant les processus de transformations des sujets dans le cours de l’activité.
La place des élèves des classes spécialisées dans l’école élémentaire : un analyseur de leur construction identitaire
Authors: Martin Claire de Saint
Published: June 2017

En élémentaire, les Classes pour L’Inclusion Scolaire, CLIS, sont des classes spécialisées pour les élèves en situation de handicap. Les CLIS 1 accueillent spécifiquement les enfants porteurs de troubles des fonctions cognitives ou de troubles envahissants du développement. Ces élèves doivent cependant connaître des temps de scolarisation en classe ordinaire et partagent leur temps scolaire entre plusieurs espaces éducatifs. Comment ceux-ci influent-ils sur la socialisation de ces élèves ? Quelle construction identitaire permettent-ils ? Dans le cadre d’un travail doctoral, une recherche collaborative a été menée avec les enseignants et les élèves de 3 CLIS 1, par la mise en place d’un dispositif de socio-clinique institutionnelle. Les résultats montrent l’importance des espaces éducatifs dans la socialisation de ces élèves, qui développent une résistance identitaire quant à leur statut de « handicapé » au sein de l’espace scolaire.
Le pas-de-porte en agriculture, marqueur de la dérégulation foncière et de la financiarisation des exploitations
Authors: Barral Stéphanie , Loveluck William , Pinaud Samuel
Published: June 2017

Le pas-de-porte est une pratique sanctionnée par le droit rural depuis 1946 qui consiste pour le locataire d’une terre agricole à payer un droit d’entrée au locataire sortant et éventuellement au propriétaire de la terre. Si des travaux d’économistes montrent en quoi cette pratique traduit l’existence d’une tension entre logique familiale et logique entrepreneuriale dans la politique agricole française et la gestion des exploitations agricoles, il manque des études empiriques qui mettent en évidence les modalités concrètes de son inscription dans l’économie des exploitations agricoles ainsi que les rapports de force qu’elle charrie afin d’en penser les formes de régulation possibles. C’est l’objet de cet article. Dans un premier temps, il présente les racines historiques de cette pratique et la transformation de sa signification dans le cadre d’une économie agricole de plus en plus capitalistique. Dans un second temps, il décrit la relation tripartite entre locataires entrant et sortant et propriétaire, puis analyse le rôle des acteurs intermédiaires des transactions foncières tels que les conseillers de gestion et les experts agricoles dans le calcul de la valeur du pas-de-porte et dans son intégration à la comptabilité des exploitations. Finalement, l’article montre que l’évolution des statuts juridiques vers des formes sociétaires traduit un mouvement de financiarisation des exploitations, au sein duquel le pas-de-porte est mieux valorisé et plus difficile à réguler. Les récentes évolutions de la politique des structures révèlent la difficulté du législateur à encadrer le mouvement de financiarisation à l’œuvre.
Mobiliser la propriété publique en faveur de l’agriculture périurbaine ? Le cas de la région de Montpellier (France)
Authors: Perrin Coline
Published: June 2017

Cet article explore le rôle que pourraient jouer les propriétés publiques dans le maintien ou le redéveloppement de l’agriculture périurbaine. Il s’appuie sur une analyse de la structure spatiale des propriétés publiques et des acquisitions publiques et sur des entretiens semi-directifs conduits dans la région urbaine de Montpellier. Les résultats montrent que les propriétés publiques représentent une emprise spatiale considérable, mais que moins de la moitié des surfaces a un intérêt pour l’agriculture en raison de leur morcellement, de la nature des terrains ou des perspectives d’urbanisation. L’agriculture est marginale dans les stratégies foncières des acteurs publics et parapublics, dont les acquisitions et la gestion foncières sont rarement coordonnées sur un même territoire. Toutefois, quelques communes et intercommunalités développent des stratégies de préservation du foncier agricole. D’autres acteurs publics se tournent vers l’agriculture pour entretenir les terres en leur possession. Ils montrent ainsi que les propriétés publiques peuvent être un levier pour maintenir ou redévelopper l’agriculture en périurbain.
L’urbanisation, facteur de développement ou d’exclusion de l’agriculture familiale en périphérie des villes : Le cas de la ville de Meknès, Maroc
Authors: Valette Élodie , Dugué Patrick
Published: June 2017

Des facteurs variés tels que les politiques publiques en faveur du relogement des populations démunies, la promotion de la privatisation des droits fonciers agricoles, ainsi que plus généralement la croissance économique ont favorisé l’étalement urbain dans les principales villes du Maghreb dont Meknès au Maroc. Cette urbanisation s’intensifie au détriment des terres à fort potentiel agronomique malgré les lois pour la préservation des terres agricoles. À Meknès, les agriculteurs familiaux situés en périphérie urbaine ont fourni la grande majorité du foncier constructible. Cet article présente la diversité des stratégies foncières de ces agriculteurs qui témoignent de la prise en compte de la nouvelle donne foncière, ainsi que des capacités de résistance ou de négociation des acteurs. Pour une majorité des agriculteurs propriétaires de leurs parcelles, la vente des terres a permis des investissements dans différents secteurs (transport, commerce…), mais aussi dans l’agriculture, in situ ou via l’achat de terres loin de la ville. Une minorité a préféré conserver ses terres afin d’éviter la vente à des intermédiaires et s’inscrit dans une stratégie d’attente spéculative. Par contre pour les agriculteurs exploitant des terres collectives sans droit de propriété privée, les stratégies sont de défense ou de conflit, dans un contexte où leurs capacités de négociation des prix ou de refus de la cession sont quasi nulles. De façon plus générale, ces processus spéculatifs favorisent l’achat des terres de l’ensemble de la plaine par des investisseurs et des néo-agriculteurs en zone périurbaine comme en zone rurale. L’accroissement du prix de la terre fertile en zone périurbaine entraine celui du prix des terres de même qualité en zone rurale et donc fragilise l’agriculture familiale au Maroc qui n’est plus en mesure de s’opposer aux investisseurs et grands propriétaires terriens sur un marché foncier de plus en plus spéculatif.
L’attachement aux lieux dans les conflits liés à l’environnement sur le littoral : une ressource pour leur régulation
Authors: Cadoret Anne
Published: June 2017

Cette contribution vise à identifier les territorialités multiples jouant un rôle dans les mécanismes de conflits liés à l’environnement en caractérisant les signes visibles de l’attachement au(x) lieu(x), observé dans diverses études menées dans des espaces littoraux français. Il ressort de notre analyse que l’attachement au lieu peut se révéler par la vivacité des réactions d’opposition, la constitution de collectifs d’opposition, la violence d’actes de contestation, l’inscription matérielle des revendications, l’emploi d’adjectifs possessifs dans les argumentaires. Ces marqueurs d’attachement au lieu révèlent des territorialités qu’il est important de considérer dans les processus de régulation notamment parce que leur non-prise en compte conduit très généralement, dans les cas étudiés, à une radicalisation des oppositions.
Improving Health Care Provider Communication in End-of-Life Decision-Making
Authors: Wilson Tracey , Haut Cathy , Akintade Bimbola
Published: June 2017

Critical care providers are responsible for many aspects of patient care, primarily focusing on preserving life. However, nearly 40% of patients who are admitted to an adult critical care unit will not survive. Initiating a conversation about end-of-life decision-making is a daunting task. Often, health care providers are not trained, experienced, or comfortable facilitating these conversations. This article describes a quality improvement project that identified current views on end-of-life communication in the intensive care unit and potential barriers that obstruct open discussion, and offering strategies for improvement.
Supplementing Intensivist Staffing With Nurse Practitioners: Literature Review
Authors: White Tracie , Kokiousis Justin , Ensminger Stephanie , Shirey Maria
Published: June 2017

In the United States, providing health care to critically ill patients is a challenge. An increase in patients older than 65 years, a decrease in critical care physicians, and a decrease in work hours for residents cause intensivist staffing issues. In this article, use of nurse practictioners to fill the intensive care unit intensivist staffing gap is assessed and evidence-based recommendations are identified to better incorporate nurse practitioners as part of intensive care unit intensivist staffing. The literature reveals that when nurse practitioners are part of a staffing model, outcomes are either positively impacted or no different from physician outcomes. However, successfully integrating nurse practitioners into an intensive care unit team is not adequately discussed in the literature. This gap is addressed and 3 mechanisms to integrate nurse practitioners into the intensive care unit are identified: (1) use of a multidisciplinary staffing model, (2) completion of onboarding programs, and (3) evaluation of nurse practitioner productivity.
The endovascular management of a 3.5-cm gastroduodenal artery aneurysm presenting with gastritis and recurrent pancreatitis
Authors: Zuhaili Baraa , Molnar Robert G , Malhotra Nitin G
Published: June 2017

Visceral artery aneurysms (VAAs) are a rare entity. Within this subset of aneurysms, gastroduodenal artery (GDA) aneurysms represent an even more rare occurrence. We present a case report of treating GDA aneurysm on semi-elective basis followed by literature review of the clinical presentation and mainstream treatment modalities. GO is a 65-year-old male, with 6-month history of recurrent epigastric pain. He was found to have acute pancreatitis and an adjacent 3.5-cm GDA aneurysm. After conservative treatment of pancreatitis, the aneurysm was treated with coil embolization of the sac and GDA. Most VAAs are asymptomatic; GDA aneurysms tend to present clinically with epigastric pain or pancreatitis. In addition, together with pancreaticoduodenal aneurysms, GDA aneurysms warrant immediate intervention once diagnosed. Open surgical options for VAAs include aneurysm resection with or without revascularization (i.e., bypass), aneurysm ligation, or end-organ resection (i.e., splenectomy). Endovascular repair involves coil embolization with or without stent placement. While endovascular modality continues to be the first choice for stable elective VAA patients, modality of treatment for ruptured VAA or unstable patients will vary according to the patient's overall status, operator's experience, and institute capacity.
Evaluation of the Protective Effect of Deoxyribonucleic Acid Vaccines Encoding Granule Antigen 2 and 5 Against Acute Toxoplasmosis in BALB/c Mice
Authors: Ching Xiao Teng , Fong Mun Yik , Lau Yee Ling
Published: June 2017

Toxoplasma gondii infects a broad range of warm-blooded hosts, including humans. Important clinical manifestations include encephalitis in immunocompromised patients as well as miscarriage and fetal damage during early pregnancy. Toxoplasma gondii dense granule antigen 2 and 5 (GRA2 and GRA5) are essential for parasitophorous vacuole development of the parasite. To evaluate the potential of GRA2 and GRA5 as recombinant DNA vaccine candidates, these antigens were cloned into eukaryotic expression vector (pcDNA 3.1C) and evaluated in vaccination experiments. Recombinant DNA vaccines constructed with genes encoding GRAs were validated in Chinese hamster ovary cells before evaluation using lethal challenge of the virulent T. gondii RH strain in BALB/c mice. The DNA vaccines of pcGRA2 and pcGRA5 elicited cellular-mediated immune response with significantly higher levels of interferon-gamma, interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IL-10 (P < 0.05) compared with controls. A mixed T-helper cell 1 (Th1)/Th2 response was associated with slightly prolonged survival. These findings provide evidence that DNA vaccination with GRA2 and GRA5 is associated with Th1-like cell-mediated immune responses. It will be worthwhile to construct recombinant multiantigen combining full-length GRA2 or/and GRA5 with various antigenic proteins such as the surface antigens and rhoptry antigens to improve vaccination efficacy.
Mycetoma (Madura Foot) in Israel: Recent Cases and a Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Bitan Ohad , Wiener-Well Yonit , Segal Rina , Schwartz Eli
Published: June 2017

Mycetoma is a chronic soft tissue infection caused by fungal or bacterial pathogens, and is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions. Cases in developed countries outside the mycetoma belt are rare and usually imported by immigrants. Sporadic cases have been reported in Israel. Unpublished cases in the participating medical centers are reported. In addition, a systematic review of the literature was performed. All published mycetoma cases diagnosed in Israel were included with relevant variables collected. Twenty-one cases of mycetoma were diagnosed in Israel between 1942 and 2015, including four unpublished cases and 17 published cases. The mean age at diagnosis was 42 years (range 23–73), and 16 of the patients were male. The foot was the primary involved organ. Fifteen patients were immigrants from Yemen, Ethiopia, and Sudan. Five cases were autochthonous. One case was travel related. Among patients who developed symptoms after immigration, the mean time from exposure to symptom onset was 5.6 years (range 1–10 years). The mean time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 6.6 years (range 0.2–35 years). The autochthonous cases demonstrate that Israel is endemic of mycetoma. The immigrant population represents two distinct waves of immigration to Israel in the past century. Two unpublished cases of Ethiopian immigrants are the first reported cases of mycetoma acquired in Ethiopia. The diagnostic and therapeutic challenges along with the epidemiological data emphasize the need of raising the awareness of physicians to this devastating condition even in developed countries.
Evaluation of the Field Performance of ImmunoCard STAT!® Rapid Diagnostic Test for Rotavirus in Dadaab Refugee Camp and at the Kenya–Somalia Border
Authors: Ope Maurice , Nyoka Raymond , Unshur Ahmed , Oyier Fredrick O. , Mowlid Shafe A. , Owino Brian , Ochieng Steve B. , Okello Charles I. , Montgomery Joel M. , Wagacha Burton , Galev Aleksandar , Abdow Abdikadir , Esona Mathew D. , Tate Jacqueline , Fitter David , Cookson Susan T. , Arunmozhi Balajee , Marano Nina
Published: June 2017

Rotavirus commonly causes diarrhea in children, leading to hospitalization and even death. Rapid diagnostic tests are feasible alternatives for determining rotavirus outbreaks in refugee camps that have inadequate laboratory capacity. We evaluated the field performance of ImmunoCard STAT!® Rotavirus (ICS-RV) in Dadaab Refugee Camp and at the Kenya–Somalia border. From May to December 2014, we prospectively enrolled children aged < 5 years hospitalized with acute diarrhea, defined as ≥ 3 episodes of loose stool in 24 hours for < 7 days. Stool samples were collected and tested by trained surveillance clerks using ICS-RV per manufacturer's instructions. The field performance characteristics of ICS-RV were evaluated against the gold standard test, Premier™ Rotaclone® enzyme immunoassay. The operational characteristics were evaluated using World Health Organization (WHO) ASSURED criteria to determine whether ICS-RV is appropriate as a point-of-care test by administering a standard questionnaire and observing surveillance clerks performing the test. We enrolled 213 patients with a median age of 10 months (range = 1–48); 58.2% were male. A total of 71 (33.3%) and 60 (28.2%) patients tested positive for rotavirus infection by immunoassay and ICS-RV, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of ICS-RV compared with the immunoassay were 83.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 72.3–91.0), 99.3% (95% CI = 96.1–100), 98.3% (95% CI = 91.1–100), and 92.1% (95% CI = 86.6–95.5), respectively. The ICS-RV fulfilled the WHO ASSURED criteria for point-of-care testing. ICS-RV is a field-ready point-of-care test with good field performance and operational characteristics. It can be useful in determining rotavirus outbreaks in resource-limited settings.
Official and Vernacular Public History: Historical Anniversaries and Commemorations in Newcastle, NSW
Authors: Eklund Erik
Published: June 2017

The city of Newcastle commemorated two bicentenaries within the space of seven years. In 2004, the city marked 200 years since the permanent establishment of the settlement on 30 March 1804. But 2004 was not the city’s first bicentennial. In 1997, Newcastle celebrated the 1797 journey of Lieutenant John Shortland, who named and sketched the Hunter River and brought back samples of coal to Sydney. These anniversaries, and earlier ones such as Newcastle’s centennial in 1897 and its sesqui-centennial in 1947, were crucial moments of history making in the public sphere. History was evoked to celebrate progress, encourage civic loyalty and, more recently, to emphasise the city’s transition into a post-industrial era.

This article will explore the way in which commemorative dates in Newcastle’s history were interpreted, utilised and presented to the general public. It will examine how history, heritage, politics and policy come together to use the past in a public way. Utilising US historian John Bodnar’s terms, the shift in the themes and tenor of public history in Newcastle over this period has been from an ‘official’ to a more ‘vernacular’ style. Official public history emphasised unitary notions of progress while vernacular styles presented more diverse and occasionally more critical versions of public history. By the time of the 2004 commemorative events there was more scope for active popular participation. Newcastle public history was being nourished by community groups often with conflicting notions of public history, generating a multivalent, multilayered sense of the past, though older themes persisted with remarkable durability.

In a city where ‘history’ has such an ambivalent position, large-scale historical commemorations make for intriguing analysis. After a review of the principal themes in the Newcastle commemorations of 1897, 1947, and 1997, I consider the 2004 ‘Newcastle 200’ programme. In particular, I will be considering my own movement from an apparently objective historical analyst of the earlier commemorative events to a participant in the history-making process in the 2004 program.
Kesenian Kuno Minahasa: Dari Perspektif Sejarah Publik
Authors: Tangkilisan Yuda B.
Published: June 2017

Kajian Sejarah Indonesia memperlihatkan perkembangan yang menarik untuk disimak lebih lanjut. Arah dan jangkauan pembahasannya tidak lagi berkutat pada permasalahan yang ditimbulkan oleh pengaruh aliran Posmodernisme, melainkan bergerak ke ranah publik. Perkembangan ini memunculkan suatu perhatian pada Sejarah Publik (Public History). Berbagai pemikiran, penelitian dan kegiatan dilakukan berkenan dengan pengembangan ranah pembahasan ini. Gerakan yang berasal dari publik (masyarakat) menarik perhatian kalangan akademik. Sejarah Publik menyadarkan mereka bahwa pengembangan sejarah tidak lagi monopoli dunia akademik. Justru, kalangan publik lebih giat dan agresif dalam merambah bidang-bidang pembicaraan sejarah. Berbagai karya diterbitkan yang secara kuantitas dan kualitas menyaingi produktivitas sejarawan akademik.
Anastasia's Journeys: Two Voices in a Limited Space
Authors: Pullan Nicola
Published: June 2017

Anastasia’s Journeys was a temporary exhibition in the Australian History Museum, Macquarie University, Australia. Developed from the oral history of a post-World War Two Russian immigrant who survived Stalin’s policies of forced collectivisation and engineered famine, the display communicated primarily through audio tracks, supported by text panels and objects. This article articulates the creative tensions between theory and practice of public history which were encountered when planning the target audience, content, and design of the exhibition. It describes the process by which the oral history was placed at the centre of the presentation while objects were used both to illustrate changing social situations and introduce an opposing interpretation. The attributes of the oral history which made it suitable for an audio presentation are then discussed.
Art from Archives: The Archival Trend in Contemporary Art and Culture
Authors: Jolly Martyn
Published: June 2017

If the archival mode has been important over the last thirty years, it will only continue to become more important in the next thirty years. In the fifteen years since Lev Manovich wrote The Language of New Media, in which he identified the database with its operations of searching navigating and viewing as the new-media correlate to the novel and cinema with their operations of narrative storytelling, databases have only increased in scale, complexity and ubiquity — at an exponential rate, as is the case with all technologies. Archives are being uncovered or created at an unprecedented rate, digitized at an unprecedented rate and made searchable at an unprecedented rate. New ways of interrogating the archive, new ways of searching metadata and new ways of presenting iterations from the archive, such as more complex data visualizations, are being developed. At the same time photographs are manifesting themselves in a wider range of material substances — etched in stone or glass, printed on cloth or metal, projected on walls and buildings, and sliding along LED arrays or screens. But the story isn’t all about the seductions of new media. The more artists and historians work in this area, the more they realize that there are still troves and troves of objects and images, laid down in all their recalcitrant materiality by those who came before, just waiting to be rediscovered and reinvented.
The Invaluable Institutional History: Ghana’s National Museum from a Obroni Perspective
Authors: Ghee Britney D.
Published: June 2017

Understanding an institution’s historical conception and its subsequent role on collecting practices and museum narrative is essential when entering into an international internship. Understanding the history of a collection, the initial conception of an actual permanent exhibition and the limitations of available resources can lead to a deeper appreciation and cultural exchange by explaining otherwise confusing or odd differences. Of course not every cultural difference can be explained by an institutional history. But larger questions of interpretation can be explored through the lens of understanding the international partner’s history.
Delivery of halogenated very short-lived substances from the west Indian Ocean to the stratosphere during the Asian summer monsoon
Authors: Fiehn Alina , Quack Birgit , Hepach Helmke , Fuhlbrügge Steffen , Tegtmeier Susann , Toohey Matthew , Atlas Elliot , Krüger Kirstin
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Halogenated very short-lived substances (VSLSs) are naturally produced in the ocean and emitted to the atmosphere. When transported to the stratosphere, these compounds can have a significant influence on the ozone layer and climate. During a research cruise on RV Sonne in the subtropical and tropical west Indian Ocean in July and August 2014, we measured the VSLSs, methyl iodide (CH3I) and for the first time bromoform (CHBr3) and dibromomethane (CH2Br2), in surface seawater and the marine atmosphere to derive their emission strengths. Using the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART with ERA-Interim meteorological fields, we calculated the direct contribution of observed VSLS emissions to the stratospheric halogen burden during the Asian summer monsoon. Furthermore, we compare the in situ calculations with the interannual variability of transport from a larger area of the west Indian Ocean surface to the stratosphere for July 2000–2015. We found that the west Indian Ocean is a strong source for CHBr3 (910 pmol m−2 h−1), very strong source for CH2Br2 (930 pmol m−2 h−1), and an average source for CH3I (460 pmol m−2 h−1). The atmospheric transport from the tropical west Indian Ocean surface to the stratosphere experiences two main pathways. On very short timescales, especially relevant for the shortest-lived compound CH3I (3.5 days lifetime), convection above the Indian Ocean lifts oceanic air masses and VSLSs towards the tropopause. On a longer timescale, the Asian summer monsoon circulation transports oceanic VSLSs towards India and the Bay of Bengal, where they are lifted with the monsoon convection and reach stratospheric levels in the southeastern part of the Asian monsoon anticyclone. This transport pathway is more important for the longer-lived brominated compounds (17 and 150 days lifetime for CHBr3 and CH2Br2). The entrainment of CHBr3 and CH3I from the west Indian Ocean to the stratosphere during the Asian summer monsoon is lower than from previous cruises in the tropical west Pacific Ocean during boreal autumn and early winter but higher than from the tropical Atlantic during boreal summer. In contrast, the projected CH2Br2 entrainment was very high because of the high emissions during the west Indian Ocean cruise. The 16-year July time series shows highest interannual variability for the shortest-lived CH3I and lowest for the longest-lived CH2Br2. During this time period, a small increase in VSLS entrainment from the west Indian Ocean through the Asian monsoon to the stratosphere is found. Overall, this study confirms that the subtropical and tropical west Indian Ocean is an important source region of halogenated VSLSs, especially CH2Br2, to the troposphere and stratosphere during the Asian summer monsoon.
Measurements of atmospheric ethene by solar absorption FTIR spectrometry
Authors: Toon Geoffrey C. , Blavier Jean-Francois L. , Sung Keeyoon
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Atmospheric ethene (C2H4; ethylene) amounts have been retrieved from high-resolution solar absorption spectra measured by the JPL MkIV interferometer. Data recorded from 1985 to 2016 from a dozen ground-based sites have been analyzed. At clean-air sites such as Alaska, Sweden, New Mexico, or the mountains of California, the ethene column was always less than 1015 molec.cm−2 and therefore undetectable. In urban sites such as Pasadena, California, ethane was measurable with column amounts of 20 × 1015 molec.cm−2 observed in the 1990's. Despite the increasing population and traffic in Southern California, a factor 3 decrease in ethene column density is observed over Pasadena in the past 25 years, accompanied by a decrease in CO. This is likely due to Southern California's increasingly stringent vehicle exhaust regulations and tighter enforcement over this period.
Gas-phase pesticide measurement using iodide ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Murschell Trey , Fulgham S. Ryan , Farmer Delphine K.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Volatilization and subsequent processing in the atmosphere are an important environmental pathway for the transport and chemical fate of pesticides. However, these processes remain a particularly poorly understood component of pesticide lifecycles due to analytical challenges in measuring pesticides in the atmosphere. Most pesticide measurements require long (hours to days) sampling times coupled with offline analysis, inhibiting observation of meteorologically driven events or investigation of rapid oxidation chemistry. Here, we present chemical ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry with iodide reagent ions as a fast and sensitive measurement of four current-use pesticides. These semi-volatile pesticides were calibrated with injections of solutions onto a filter and subsequently volatilized to generate gas-phase analytes. Trifluralin and atrazine are detected as iodide–molecule adducts, while permethrin and metolachlor are detected as adducts between iodide and fragments of the parent analyte molecule. Limits of detection (1 s) are 0.37, 0.67, 0.56, and 1.1 µg m−3 for gas-phase trifluralin, metolachlor, atrazine, and permethrin, respectively. The sensitivities of trifluralin and metolachlor depend on relative humidity, changing as much as 70 and 59, respectively, as relative humidity of the sample air varies from 0 to 80 %. This measurement approach is thus appropriate for laboratory experiments and potentially near-source field measurements.
A simple global Budyko model to partition evaporation into interception and transpiration
Authors: Mianabadi Ameneh , Coenders-Gerrits Miriam , Shirazi Pooya , Ghahraman Bijan , Alizadeh Amin
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Evaporation is a very important flux in the hydrological cycle and links the water and energy balance of a catchment. The Budyko framework is often used to provide a first order estimate of evaporation, since it is a simple model where only rainfall and potential evaporation is required as input. Many researchers have tried to improve the Budyko framework by including more physics and catchment characteristics into the original equation. However, this often resulted in additional parameters, which are unknown or difficult to determine. In this paper we present an improvement of the previously presented Gerrits' model (Analytical derivation of the Budyko curve based on rainfall characteristics and a simple evaporation model in Gerrits et al., 2009 WRR), whereby total evaporation is calculated on the basis of simple interception and transpiration thresholds in combination with measurable parameters like rainfall dynamics and storage availability from remotely sensed data sources. While Gerrits' model was investigated for 10 catchments with different climate conditions and also some parameters were assumed to be constant, in this study we applied the model on the global scale and it was fed with remotely sensed input data. The output of the model is compared to two complex land–surface models STEAM and GLEAM, as well as the database of Landflux-EVAL. Our results showed that total evaporation estimated by Gerrits' model is in good agreement with Landflux-EVAL, STEAM and GLEAM. Results also show that Gerrits’ model underestimated interception in comparison to STEAM and overestimated in comparison to GLEAM, while for transpiration the opposite was found. Errors in interception can partly be explained by differences in the interception definition that successively introduce errors in the calculation of transpiration. Comparing to the Budyko framework, the model showed a good performance for total evaporation estimation and the results are closer to Ol'dekop than Schreiber, Pike and Budyko curves.
Estimação de um modelo de ciclos econômicos reais para a emissão de dióxido de carbono no Brasil
Authors: Bragagnolo Cassiano
Published: June 2017

Este artigo visa propor um modelo teórico simples baseado na teoria RBC que contemple choques de produtividade e choques específicos de emissões, relacionando a emissão de CO2 com outras variáveis econômicas. Uma aplicação para o caso brasileiro, por meio de um método de estimação bayesiano, é apresentada ao final. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que os choques de produtividade da economia possuem maior influência no modelo do que choques de emissão. Desta forma, um modelo RBC baseado somente nos choques de produtividade da economia poderia representar adequadamente a variância das emissões sem grandes perdas. Observou-se, também, que na presença de choques de produtividade a relação dano-produto tem comportamento pró-cíclico, o que indica que a quantidade de dano ambiental gerado por unidade de produto é maior quando a economia passa por expansões.
Strategists on the Board in a Digital Era
Authors: Åberg Carl , Kazemargi Niloofar , Bankewitz Max
Published: June 2017

Considering the complexities and dynamics that firms are facing in a digital era, it is no exaggeration to argue that the way boards of directors contribute to strategy needs some new perspectives. In this article, we reconsider some of the commonly used notions and assumptions of board strategizing. We conceptualize a framework for board strategizing by revisiting and providing new elements to the work introduced by McNulty and Pettigrew in 1999 (Strategists on the board. Organization Studies, 20(1): 47-74. http://doi.org/10.1177/0170840699201003). Our framework highlights a number of timely board practices that have the potential to improve the way boards strategize under conditions of increasing digitalization. Further, the findings suggest that valuable strategic actions and priorities can be made by boards that use and develop dynamic capabilities as they strategize. Implications for theory and practice as well as future research directions are discussed.
The Pursuit of Excellence in Malaysian Higher Education: Consequences for the Academic Workplace
Authors: Chapman David W. , Hutcheson Sigrid , Wan Chang Da , Lee Molly , Austin Ann , Zain Ahmad Nurulazam Md.
Published: June 2017

Over the last twenty years the Malaysian government has put increasing pressure on faculty members at Malaysian universities to increase their research and publication rates, in large part, aimed at increasing the international rankings of Malaysian universities. This study examined the extent to which faculty members believe that this heightened emphasis on research productivity has affected the nature of their work lives and their professional relationships with colleagues and students. The study was grounded in job characteristics theory and on Gappa, Austin, and Trice’s (2007) conceptual framework of the “essential elements” in academic work. Data were collected through interviews with 67 faculty members across six universities. Findings indicate that most faculty felt that they had sufficient academic freedom and autonomy, flexibility in their work setting, and professional growth opportunities. However, there was a widespread view that personal performance is disconnected from the financial reward structure, particularly in public universities. Given the compensation structure of public universities, increased research and publications have only limited relationship to financial payoff. This has fueled a widespread view among faculty that the intensified pressures for research and publication are reshaping the nature of their work lives in ways that are not widely welcomed.
The Moderating Effect of the Economic Situation on Relationship between Problem-Solving Skills and Mental Health in Working Women and Housewives
Authors: Garmsari Goldis , Safara Maryam
Published: June 2017

Women as an important stratum of society play a fundamental role in the creation, establishment and strengthening of families. So, paying attention to their mental health as the family guides has direct effects on the mental health of children, families and consequently the whole of society. Thus, the present study was performed to investigate the moderating effect of the economic situation on the relationship between problem solving skills and mental health in two groups of working women and housewives referring to Welfare Centers in the city of Karaj. Based on Morgan’s sampling table, 199 working women and 192 housewives (totally 391) were selected by simple random sampling method. Then, Cassidy and Long (1996) Problem-Solving Style Questionnaire and Goldberg (1989) General Health Questionnaire were administered on the sample group, and data were analyzed using SPSS software (ver. 17). The results showed that the economy had an independent contribution in predicting the mental health of working women, but it was not capable to act as a moderating variable in relationship between problem-solving skill and mental health of working women. In addition, according to the results obtained from the housewife population, not only the economy does not have an independent contribution in the prediction of their mental health, but also it cannot act as a moderating variable in this relationship. But the problem-solving skill alone explains 23.8% of the variance of mental health in the sample population. In other words, problem-solving ability was effective in increasing the level of mental health. But the impact of economy as a moderating variable in the relationship between problem-solving skill and mental health of housewives and working women was not significant.
Human Genome Editing
Authors: FitzGerald Kevin ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: June 2017

With this power to edit our own genes comes the enormous responsibility to determine if, when, how, and why we should, or should not, employ this technology. This article addresses this responsibility from the perspective of the moral tradition and reasoning of the Catholic Church. Past, present, and possible future positions of the Catholic Church regarding human genome manipulation are analyzed in light of the fundamental values that undergird Catholic ethical reasoning, and the significant contributions the Catholic perspective can bring to global deliberations on the responsible use of human genome editing are identified. These contributions represent both opportunities and obligations for the Catholic Church in its continuing tradition of providing health care around the world, especially to those who are the most vulnerable and most in need.
Carisoprodol: A drug of continuing abuse
Authors: Reeves, Roy R. , Pinkofsky, Harold B. , Carter O. Stephen
Published: June 2017

Carisoprodol (Soma) is a noncontrolled, skeletal-muscle relaxant whose active metabolite is meprobamate. Despite previous indications that the drug may be abused, it continues to be widely prescribed for musculoskeletal conditions involving muscle spasm. Presented here are three cases demonstrating patterns of carisoprodol abuse not previously reported. Carisoprodol usage should be limited to short term treatment. Patients for whom carisoprodol is prescribed are at risk for meprobamate dependence.
Relating form to function in the hummingbird feeding apparatus
Authors: Rico-Guevara Alejandro
Published: June 2017

A complete understanding of the feeding structures is fundamental in order to study how animals survive. Some birds use long and protrusible tongues as the main tool to collect their central caloric source (e.g., woodpeckers and nectarivores). Hummingbirds are the oldest and most diverse clade of nectarivorous vertebrates, being a perfect subject to study tongue specializations. Their tongue functions to intraorally transport arthropods through their long bills and enables them to exploit the nectarivorous niche by collecting small amounts of liquid, therefore it is of vital importance to study its anatomy and structure at various scales. I focused on the portions of the hummingbird tongue that have been shown to be key for understanding their feeding mechanisms. I used histology, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, microCT, andex-vivoexperiments in order to advance the comprehension of the morphology and functioning of the hummingbird feeding apparatus. I found that hummingbird tongues are composed mainly of thin cornified epithelium, lack papillae, and completely fill the internal cast of the rostral oropharyngeal cavity. Understanding this puzzle-piece match between bill and tongue will be essential for the study of intraoral transport of nectar. Likewise, I found that the structural composition and tissue architecture of the tongue groove walls provide the rostral portion of the tongue with elastic properties that are central to the study of tongue-nectar interactions during the feeding process. Detailed studies on hummingbirds set the basis for comparisons with other nectar-feeding birds and contribute to comprehend the natural solutions to collecting liquids in the most efficient way possible.
Synthetic fracture network characterization with transdimensional inversion
Authors: Somogyvári Márk , Jalali Mohammadreza , Jimenez Parras Santos , Bayer Peter
Published: June 2017

Fracture network geometry is crucial for transport in hard rock aquifers, but it can only be approximated in models. While fracture orientation, spacing, and intensity can be obtained from borehole logs, core images, and outcrops, the characterization of in situ fracture network geometry requires the interpretation of spatially distributed hydraulic and transport experiments. In this study, we present a novel concept using a transdimensional inversion method (reversible jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo, rjMCMC) to invert a two‐dimensional cross‐well discrete fracture network (DFN) geometry from tracer tomography experiments. The conservative tracer transport is modeled via a fast finite difference model neglecting matrix diffusion. The proposed DFN inversion method iteratively evolves DFN variants by geometry updates to fit the observed tomographic data evaluated by the Metropolis‐Hastings‐Green acceptance criteria. A main feature is the varying dimensions of the inverse problem, which allows for the calibration of fracture geometries and numbers. This delivers an ensemble of thousands of DFN realizations that can be utilized for probabilistic identification of fractures in the aquifer. In the presented hypothetical and outcrop‐based case studies, cross sections between boreholes are investigated. The procedure successfully identifies major transport pathways in the investigated domain and explores equally probable DFN realizations, which are analyzed in fracture probability maps and by multidimensional scaling.
Surging wildfire activity in a grassland biome
Authors: Donovan Victoria M. , Wonkka Carissa L. , Twidwell Dirac
Published: June 2017

Rapid changes in wildfire patterns are documented globally, increasing pressure to identify regions that may experience increases in wildfire in future decades. Temperate grassland and savanna biomes were some of the most frequently burned regions on Earth; however, large wildfires have been largely absent from the Great Plains of North America over the last century. In this paper, we conduct an in‐depth analysis of changes in large wildfire (>400 ha) regime characteristics over a 30 year period across the Great Plains. For the entire biome, (i) the average number of large wildfires increased from 33.4 ± 5.6 per year from 1985 to 1994 to 116.8 ± 28.8 wildfires per year from 2005 to 2014, (ii) total area burned by large wildfires increased 400%, (iii) over half the ecoregions had greater than a 70% probability of a large wildfire occurring in the last decade, and (iv) seasonality of large wildfires remained relatively similar.
Formation and transport of entropy structures in the magnetotail simulated with a 3‐D global hybrid code
Authors: Lin Y. , Wing S. , Johnson J. R. , Wang X. Y. , Perez J. D. , Cheng L.
Published: June 2017

Global structure and evolution of flux tube entropy S, integrated over closed field lines, associated with magnetic reconnection in the magnetotail are investigated using the AuburN Global hybrId codE in three dimensions (3‐D), ANGIE3D. Flux tubes with decreased entropy, or “bubbles,” are found to be generated due to the sudden change of flux tube topology and thus volume in reconnection. By tracking the propagation of the entropy‐depleted flux tubes, the roles of the entropy structure in plasma transport to the inner magnetosphere is examined with a self‐consistent global hybrid simulation for the first time. The value of S first decreases due to the shortening of flux tubes and then increases due to local ion heating as the bubbles are injected earthward by interchange‐ballooning instability, finally oscillating around an equilibrium radial distance where S is nearly the same as the ambient value. The pressure remains anisotropic and not constant along the flux tubes during their propagation with a nonzero heat flux along the field line throughout the duration of the simulation. The correlation of these bubbles with earthward fast flows and specific entropy s is also studied.
Real‐time geomagnetic monitoring for space weather‐related applications: Opportunities and challenges
Authors: Love Jeffrey J. , Finn Carol A.
Published: June 2017

An examination is made of opportunities and challenges for enhancing global, real‐time geomagnetic monitoring that would be beneficial for a variety of operational projects. This enhancement in geomagnetic monitoring can be attained by expanding the geographic distribution of magnetometer stations, improving the quality of magnetometer data, increasing acquisition sampling rates, increasing the promptness of data transmission, and facilitating access to and use of the data. Progress will benefit from new partnerships to leverage existing capacities and harness multisector, cross‐disciplinary, and international interests.