bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Predictive Powers for Mortality between Systemic Vascular Resistance Index and Serum Lactate in Children with Persistent Catecholamine‐Resistant Shock
Authors: Lee En-Pei , Chu Sheng-Chih , Hsia Shao-Hsuan , Chen Kuan-Fu , Chan Oi-Wa , Lin Chia-Ying , Su Ya-Ting , Lin Jainn-Jim , Wu Han-Ping
Published: June 2020

Persistent catecholamine‐resistant shock in children causes severe morbidity and mortality. We aimed to analyze the association between hemodynamics and serum lactate at different time points and 28‐day mortality in children with persistent catecholamine‐resistant shock. Methods. Twenty‐six children with persistent catecholamine‐resistant shock were enrolled, and their hemodynamics were monitored using the pulse index continuous cardiac output. Serial cardiac index (CI), systemic vascular resistant index (SVRI), and vasoactive‐inotropic score (VIS) were analyzed for the first 24 hours. Associations between hemodynamics, serum lactate, and 28‐day mortality were analyzed. Results. The 28‐day mortality rate was 53.8%. SVRI and VIS were independent predictors of 28‐day mortality. The mortality group had lower serial SVRI and higher VIS than the survival group (p < 0.05). Serial SVRI had the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for predicting mortality during the first 24 hours of persistent catecholamine‐resistant shock. Three important hemodynamic parameters, CI, SVRI and perfusion pressure (MAP‐CVP), were significantly correlated with lactate, of which SVRI had the best correlation (r = −0.711, p < 0.001). According to the AUC, SVRI was a more powerful predictor of mortality than lactate in persistent catecholamine‐resistant shock. After 24 hours of treatment for persistent catecholamine‐resistant shock, an SVRI lower than 1284 dyn·s·cm-5·m2 was associated with 28‐day mortality. Conclusions. SVRI was an early factor associated with mortality in the pediatric patients with persistent catecholamine‐resistant shock potentially and had the good correlation with serum lactate. An SVRI more than 1284 dyn·s·cm-5·m2 during the first 24 hours of persistent catecholamine‐resistant shock was associated with favorable outcomes. The result should be used with caution due to the small sample size.
Hygienic Practice during Complementary Feeding and Associated Factors among Mothers of Children Aged 6–24 Months in Bahir Dar Zuria District, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019
Authors: Demmelash Alelign Alemu , Melese Biruk Demissie , Admasu Fitalew Tadele , Bayih Eniyew Tegegne , Yitbarek Getachew Yideg
Published: June 2020

Introduction. Breast milk alone is no longer sufficient to meet the nutritional requirements of infants, and therefore food is needed. Microbiologically contaminated food is particularly harmful for children <2 years of age. There is scanty of information on hygienic practice and associated factors during complementary feeding among mothers of children aged 6 to 24 months in the country, particularly in the study setting. Objective. The study was aimed to assess hygienic practices and associated factors during complementary feeding among children aged 6 to 24 months in Bahir Dar Zuria District, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods. A community-based cross sectional study was conducted from March 20 to April 20, 2019. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected using the structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify the factors associated with hygienic practice during complementary feeding. Data were entered by using Epi Data version 3.1, and then it was exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis, and at 95% CI, p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result. Among 604 respondents, 235 (38.9%) of study participants had good hygienic practice during complementary feeding. Access to media (AOR: 8.8, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.8–20.3), private latrine ownership (AOR: 4.11, 95% CI: 1.90–8.49), presence of hand washing facility at doorstep (AOR: 6.75 95% CI: 3.16–14.41), and residence of the study participants (AOR: 85.42, 95% CI: 1.94–15.2) were significantly associated with good hygienic practice of mothers during complementary feeding. Conclusion. Majority of mothers had poor hygienic practice during complementary feeding. Attitude of mothers, access to media, household private latrine ownership, presence of handwashing facility, and residence of the study participants were significantly associated with hygiene practice of mothers during complementary feeding. The health sector should train mothers on good hygiene practices during complementary feeding.
An Integrated Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis Identifies Significant Novel Pathways for Henoch‐Schönlein Purpura Nephritis Progression
Authors: Xie Biao , Zhang Wei , Zhang Qi , Zhang Qiuju , Wang Yupeng , Sun Lin , Liu Meina , Zhou Ping
Published: June 2020

Background. Although Henoch‐Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) is characterized by glomerular deposition of aberrantly glycosylated immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1), the underlying mechanism of HSPN progression has not yet been completely elucidated. In this study, we integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses to explore the underlying mechanism of HSPN progression. Methods. RNA sequencing and tandem mass tag‐ (TMT‐) based quantitative proteomics were used to gain serum transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of patients with different types of HSPN (3 × type 1, 3 × type 2, and 3 × type 3). Student’s t‐tests were performed to obtain the significance of the differential gene expression. The clusterProfiler package was used to conduct the functional annotation of the DEGs for both Gene Ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. Results. A total of 2315 mRNAs and 30 proteins were differentially expressed between the different types of HSPN. 58 mRNAs and one protein changed continuously during HSPN development and are potential biomarkers for HSPN progression. The validation cohort (another 9 patients) confirmed the high‐throughput results of the transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. A total of 385 significant pathways were related to HSPN progression, and four of them were closely related to clinical biochemical indicators and may play an important role in the progression of HSPN. Those pathways reveal that HSPN progression may be related to the inhibition of inflammation, promotion of apoptosis, and repair of renal injury. Conclusions. Four pathways were found to be closely related to HSPN progression, and it seems that HSPN progression is mainly due to the inhibition of inflammation, promotion of apoptosis, and repair of renal injury.
The User Participation Incentive Mechanism of Mobile Crowdsensing Network Based on User Threshold
Authors: Su Hua , Wu Qianqian , Sun Xuemei , Zhang Ning
Published: June 2020

Mobile crowdsensing (MCS) network means completing large-scale and complex sensing tasks in virtue of the mobile devices of ordinary users. Therefore, sufficient user participation plays a basic role in MCS. On the basis of studying and analyzing the strategy of user participation incentive mechanism, this paper proposes the user threshold-based cognition incentive strategy against the shortcomings of existing incentive strategies, such as task processing efficiency and budget control. The user threshold and the budget of processing subtasks are set at the very beginning. The platform selects the user set with the lowest threshold, and the best user for processing tasks according to users’ budget. The incentive cost of the corresponding users is calculated based on the user threshold at last. In conclusion, through the experiment validation and comparison with the existing user participation incentive mechanism, it was found that the user threshold-based incentive strategy is advantageous in improving the proportion of task completion and reducing the platform’s budget cost.
Motor/Nonmotor Symptoms and Progression in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: Prevalence and Risks in a Longitudinal Study
Authors: Yoritaka Asako , Shimo Yasushi , Hatano Taku , Hattori Nobutaka
Published: June 2020

We previously assessed the prevalence and risks of motor/nonmotor symptoms in a large sample of Japanese patients with Parkinson’s disease. In the present study, we longitudinally assessed the prevalence and risk of motor/nonmotor symptoms, changes in treatment, disease progression, and death in patients with Parkinson’s disease. We enrolled 1,227 patients diagnosed and treated at our hospital in Tokyo at first evaluation. We were able to follow-up 445 patients until the second evaluation, 7.4 years later. Using Kaplan–Meier survival curves and the Cox proportional-hazards model in 1,227 patients, motor/nonmotor symptoms were analyzed in association with the following events: pain, wearing-off, camptocormia, psychosis, orthostatic hypotension, pneumonia, tube feeding, modified Hoehn and Yahr stages (H–Y) 3 and 4 of the on state, and death. The mean age (standard deviation) at the first evaluation was 67.2 (9.9) years, while the mean ages at onset and disease duration were 57.8 (11.7) years and 9.3 (6.6) years, respectively. The mean H–Y of the on state was 2.7 (1.1) at the first evaluation. Age at onset and duration of levodopa use decreased the hazard ratios (HRs) (0.968 and 0.910, respectively) for wearing-off. Female sex increased the HRs (1.414) for wearing-off and decreased the HRs for orthostatic hypotension (0.540) and pneumonia (0.510). Older age at onset increased the HR for psychosis (1.035), orthostatic hypotension (1.033), H–Y 3 (1.048) and 4 (1.071), pneumonia (1.123), tube feeding (1.140), and death (1.095). Early onset of orthostatic hypotension itself increased the HR for numerous events, especially for death (0.893). Our results indicated that age, sex, and some nonmotor symptoms may predict many Parkinson’s disease-related events. In addition, these data may provide a useful reference for the clinical course of Parkinson’s disease.
Automatic Monitoring System in Underground Engineering Construction: Review and Prospect
Authors: Wang Lixin , Xu Shuoshuo , Qiu Junling , Wang Ke , Ma Enlin , Li Chujun , Guo Chunxia
Published: June 2020

Automatic monitoring system is one of the main means to ensure the safety of underground engineering construction. This paper summarizes the current international research and application status of the underground engineering monitoring system from three aspects of data acquisition, data transmission, and data processing and emphatically introduces the mainstream new technology of the monitoring system. Furthermore, this paper puts forward specific and implementable technical routes based on the current intelligent technology and the challenges faced by future monitoring, which can provide direction and reference for future research, including high‐precision real‐time acquisition and safe and reliable transmission of monitoring data, multisource data fusion, and the visual intelligent early warning platform.
Pathway Fractional Integral Formulas Involving S-Function in the Kernel
Authors: Amsalu Hafte , Shimelis Biniyam , Suthar D. L.
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we present several composition formulae of pathway fractional integral operators connected with S-function. Here, we point out important links to known outcomes for some specific cases with our key results.
Morphophysiological and Comparative Metabolic Profiling of Purslane Genotypes (Portulaca oleracea L.) under Salt Stress
Authors: Zaman Shah , Bilal Muhammad , Du Hongmei , Che Shengquan
Published: June 2020

Purslane, a fleshy herbaceous plant, plays a pivotal role in various preventive and therapeutic purposes. To date, no report has documented the consequence of salt stress on metabolite accumulation in purslane. Herein, we proposed an insight into the metabolic and physiological traits of purslane under saline stress environments. The gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis was used to scrutinize the metabolic profiling of leaves and roots of two purslane genotypes, Tall Green (TG) and Shandong Wild (SD), under the control and saline exposures. Results revealed that the morphological and physiological traits of leaves and roots of both the tested Portulaca oleracea cultivars in response to salt stress (100 mM and 200 mM) were dramatically changed. Similarly, significant differences were found in the metabolite profiles among samples under salinity stress treatments as compared with the control. Thorough metabolic pathway analysis, 132 different metabolites in response to 28 days of particular salt stress treatments were recognized and quantified in roots and leaves of purslane, including 35 organic acids, 26 amino acids, 20 sugars, 14 sugar alcohols, 20 amines, 13 lipids and sterols, and 4 other acids. In conclusion, this study can be useful for future molecular experiments as a reference to select gene expression levels for the functional characterization of purslane.
A Guidance Strategy for Strapdown Seeker considering Minimum Field-of-View Angle Constraint
Authors: Zhou Guanqun , Xia Qunli
Published: June 2020

An off-axis strapdown seeker in missile may lead to a minimum field-of-view (FOV) angle constraint problem. The goal of this paper is to deal with the problem in guidance. Analysis of kinematics proves that on the premise of attacking stationary target, seeker look angle comes to 0 before or at the end time, and seeker will lose target finally. In order to reduce the distance of seeker losing target, a guidance strategy is proposed to sustain minimum FOV angle constraint during flight. The strategy can be applied on guidance laws with independent orders in longitudinal and lateral channels. By means of a certain rolling maneuver, it keeps the target in the seeker’s limited FOV. Moreover, a lateral guidance order compensation is utilized in the strategy to maintain seeker look angle. Simulations and comparisons are conducted to demonstrate the strategy’s effectiveness. Results show that the guidance strategy can sustain minimum FOV angle constraint longer than classical guidance method.
Dexmedetomidine Attenuates Neurotoxicity in Developing Rats Induced by Sevoflurane through Upregulating BDNF-TrkB-CREB and Downregulating ProBDNF-P75NRT-RhoA Signaling Pathway
Authors: Dong Yunxia , Hong Wei , Tang Zhiyin , Gao Yan , Wu Xiuying , Liu Hongtao
Published: June 2020

To investigate the mechanism dexmedetomidine in relieving the neurotoxicity of a developing brain induced by sevoflurane. Sprague-Dawley rats, 6 days old, were randomly divided into three groups. Rats in the control group were inhaled with air after injection of normal saline; rats in the sevoflurane group were injected with normal saline and inhaled with 3% sevoflurane for 2 h in three consecutive day; rats in the dexmedetomidine group were inhaled with 3% sevoflurane after intraperitoneal injection of dexmedetomidine 25 μg/kg. WB results showed that mBDNF, pTrkB/TrkB, and CREB were significantly decreased in the hippocampus of the sevoflurane group, which are significantly upregulated in the dexmedetomidine group. In the sevoflurane group, proBDNF, P75NRT, and RhoA were significantly increased, which were significantly lower than those in the dexmedetomidine group than those in the sevoflurane group. The expression BDNF was downregulated in the sevoflurane group, while the proBDNF was upregulated in the sevoflurane group. In the Morris water maze test, the escape latency of the sevoflurane group was significantly prolonged. In sevoflurane groups, the number of crossing platform was significantly reduced, the synaptic protein decreased significantly, and this effect was reversed in rats of the dexmedetomidine group. Dexmedetomidine could reduce synaptic plasticity decline in developing rats induced by sevoflurane, through downregulating the proBDNF-p75NTR-RhoA pathway and upregulating BDNF-TrkB-CREB.
A Hybrid Chatter Detection Method Based on WPD, SSA, and SVM-PSO
Authors: Wang Erhua , Yan Peng , Liu Jie
Published: June 2020

As a kind of self-excited vibrations, chatter vibration is extremely common in end milling, especially in high-speed cutting processes. It affects the machining accuracy of products and decreases the processing efficiency of machine tools. Thus it is very crucial to develop an effective condition monitoring system to extract the chatter feature before chatter vibration grows. In this paper, a hybrid chatter detection method (HCDM) is proposed for chatter feature extraction and classification in end milling. Firstly, wavelet packet decomposition is employed to decompose cutting vibration signals into a series of wavelet coefficients, and the signals of each frequency band are reconstructed. Secondly, fast Fourier transform and singular spectrum analysis are chosen to obtain the chatter features. Furthermore, the support vector machine model is optimized by particle swarm optimization to recognize the cutting states in end milling. At last, cutting experiments of 300 M steel under different machining conditions are conducted, and the results indicate that the proposed HCDM can distinguish the stable, transition, and chatter states accurately and rapidly in end milling.
Effect of Lauric Acid on the Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)/Starch Composite Biofilms
Authors: Adorna Joemer A. , Aleman Camelle Kaye A. , Gonzaga Ian Lorenzo E. , Pangasinan Jamela N. , Sisican Kim Marie D. , Dang Van Dien , Doong Ruey-An , Ventura Ruby Lynn G. , Ventura Jey-R S.
Published: June 2020

Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a biopolymer of natural origin, one of the suitable alternatives for synthetic plastics. However, pure PHB has a high production cost, is relatively brittle, and has poor processability, hence its limited application. Combining PHB with biomass fillers and plasticizers can significantly improve the properties of the polymer, leading to its commercial usage. In this study, PHB was incorporated with starch (S) as a cheap biomass filler and lauric acid (LA) as a potential plasticizer. The PHB/S/LA composites were prepared using a modified solvent casting method with the incremental addition of LA. The PHB/S ratio was maintained at a ratio of 80/20 (w/w). Physicochemical characterization via EDS, XRD, and FTIR proved that the composite components have blended through nucleation and plasticization processes. The morphology of the PHB/S blends was found to be a heterogeneous matrix, with decreased inhomogeneity upon the addition of LA in the composite. Thermal characterization done by TGA and DSC showed that the thermal properties of PHB/S films improved with the addition of LA. Mechanical tests (UTM) proved that the elastic strain of the films also increased with the addition of LA, although the tensile strength decreased slightly compared to pure PHB/S. Overall, the results of this study provide baseline information on the improvement of PHB-based bioplastics.
Effect of Perforation Interval Design on Gas Production from the Validated Hydrate-Bearing Deposits with Layered Heterogeneity by Depressurization
Authors: Xia Yingli , Xu Tianfu , Yuan Yilong , Xin Xin
Published: June 2020

Natural gas hydrate is considered as one of the best potential alternative resource to address the world’s energy demand. The available geological data at the Mallik site of Canada indicates the vertical heterogeneities of hydrate reservoir petrophysical properties. According to the logging data and sample analysis results at the Mallik 2L-38 well, a 2D model of geologically descriptive hydrate-bearing sediments was established to investigate the multiphase flow behaviors in hydrate reservoir induced by gas recovery and the effects of perforation interval on gas production performance. Firstly, the constructed model with vertical heterogeneous structures of permeability, porosity, and hydrate saturation was validated by matching the measured data in the Mallik 2007 test. The excessive residual methane in the hydrate reservoir observed in simulated results indicates insufficient gas production efficiency. For more effective methane recovery from a hydrate reservoir, the effect of perforation interval on long-term gas production performance was investigated based on the validated reservoir model. The simulation results suggest that both the location and length of the perforation interval have significant impact on hydrate dissociation behavior, while the gas production performance is mainly affected by the length of the perforation interval. To be specific, an excellent gas release performance is found in situations where the perforation interval is set at the interface between a hydrate reservoir and an underlying water-saturated zone. By increasing the perforation interval lengths of 5 m, 8 m, and 10 m, the gas release volumes from hydrate dissociation and gas production volumes from production wells are increased by 34%, 52%, and 57% and 37%, 58%, and 62%, respectively.
A Semi-Fragile Video Watermarking Algorithm Based on H.264/AVC
Authors: Li Chen , Yang Yi , Liu Kai , Tian Lihua
Published: June 2020

With the increasing application of advanced video coding (H.264/AVC) in the multimedia field, a great significance to research in video watermarking based on this video compression standard has been established. We propose a semifragile video watermarking algorithm, which can simultaneously implement frame attack and video tamper detection, herein. In this paper, the frame number is selected as the watermark information, and the relationship of the discrete cosine transform (DCT) nonzero coefficients is used as the authentication code. The 4×4 subblocks, whose DCT nonzero coefficients are sufficiently complex, are selected to embed the watermark. The parities of these nonzero coefficients in the medium frequency are modulated to embed watermarks. The experimental results show that the visual quality of the embedded watermarked video is virtually unaffected, and the algorithm exhibits good robustness. Furthermore, the algorithm can correctly implement frame attack and video tamper detection.
An Efficient Third-Order Full-Discretization Method for Prediction of Regenerative Chatter Stability in Milling
Authors: Huang Chao , Yang Wen-An , Cai Xulin , Liu Weichao , You YouPeng
Published: June 2020

The prediction of regenerative chatter stability has long been recognized as an important issue of concern in the field of machining community because it limits metal removal rate below the machine’s capacity and hence reduces the productivity of the machine. Various full-discretization methods have been designed for predicting regenerative chatter stability. The main problem of such methods is that they can predict the regenerative chatter stability but do not efficiently determine stability lobe diagrams (SLDs). Using third-order Newton interpolation and third-order Hermite interpolation techniques, this study proposes a straightforward and effective third-order full-discretization method (called NI-HI-3rdFDM) to predict the regenerative chatter stability in milling operations. Experimental results using simulation show that the proposed NI-HI-3rdFDM can not only efficiently predict the regenerative chatter stability but also accurately identify the SLD. The comparison results also indicate that the proposed NI-HI-3rdFDM is very much more accurate than that of other existing methods for predicting the regenerative chatter stability in milling operations. A demonstrative experimental verification is provided to illustrate the usage of the proposed NI-HI-3rdFDM to regenerative chatter stability prediction. The feature of accurate computing makes the proposed NI-HI-3rdFDM more adaptable to a dynamic milling scenario, in which a computationally efficient and accurate chatter stability method is required.
Key Role of Left Atrial Appendage during Redo Ablation in a Case of Long-Standing Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Wu Shaohui , Zou Guangchen , Liu Xu , Jiang Weifeng , Qin Mu , Zhang Daoliang
Published: June 2020

Extrapulmonary vein focal sources have been recognized as the source of atrial fibrillation in some cases, and empiric electric isolation of the left atrial appendage has been proposed for long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation by some. Here, we present a case of redo ablation of long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation in which the left atrial appendage played a key role in maintaining AF during ablation, and atrial fibrillation was terminated by electrical isolation of the LAA. During the ablation, a rare phenomenon of half of the atria in atrial fibrillation while the other half of the atria in atrial flutter was seen.
IL6 Fuels Durable Memory for Th17 Cell–Mediated Responses to Tumors
Authors: Knochelmann Hannah M. , Dwyer Connor J. , Smith Aubrey S. , Bowers Jacob S. , Wyatt Megan M. , Nelson Michelle H. , Rangel Rivera Guillermo O. , Horton Joshua D. , Krieg Carsten , Armeson Kent , Lesinski Gregory B. , Rubinstein Mark P. , Li Zihai , Paulos Chrystal M.
Published: June 2020

The accessibility of adoptive T-cell transfer therapies (ACT) is hindered by the cost and time required for product development. Here we describe a streamlined ACT protocol using Th17 cells expanded only 4 days ex vivo. While shortening expansion compromised cell yield, this method licensed Th17 cells to eradicate large tumors to a greater extent than cells expanded longer term. Day 4 Th17 cells engrafted, induced release of multiple cytokines including IL6, IL17, MCP-1, and GM-CSF in the tumor-bearing host, and persisted as memory cells. IL6 was a critical component for efficacy of these therapies via its promotion of long-term immunity and resistance to tumor relapse. Mechanistically, IL6 diminished engraftment of FoxP3+ donor T cells, corresponding with robust tumor infiltration by donor effector over regulatory cells for the Day 4 Th17 cell product relative to cell products expanded longer durations ex vivo. Collectively, this work describes a method to rapidly generate therapeutic T-cell products for ACT and implicates IL6 in promoting durable immunity of Th17 cells against large, established solid tumors.

Significance:

An abbreviated, 4-day ex vivo expansion method licenses Th17 cells to confer long-lived immunity against solid malignancies via induction of systemic IL6 in the host.

See related commentary by Fiering and Ho, p. 3795
Distribution of Neck Metastases and Survival in Patients with Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Rebol Janez , Balon Peter , Kokol Peter , Švagan Matija
Published: June 2020

Purpose: Neck metastases in breast carcinoma are relatively rare and patients show poor survival rates. A controversy exists over whether neck metastases can be treated as distant or loco-regional metastases. The literature concerning the distribution of metastases in the neck is lacking, as well as data about whether metastases in the higher neck regions cause poorer survival than those in the supraclavicular fossa. Methods: Ultrasound investigation with fine-needle biopsy was performed on 41 breast cancer and confirmed neck metastases patients in a 6-year period. We analysed the distribution of neck metastases and patient survival rates using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression. Results: The median survival time from the diagnosis of primary disease to that of neck metastases was 21 months. The presence of metastases in sites other than the neck significantly worsened survival, but multiple metastatic sites did not make it significantly worse. The number of nodes and presence of conglomerates did not considerably affect survival. Conclusion: Neck metastases in breast carcinoma can be found not only in the supraclavicular fossa, but elsewhere in the neck as well. Survival of patients with metastases in higher neck regions was shorter, but not very much so. Survival of patients with metastases limited just to the neck was substantially better, therefore early detection and aggressive treatment that could include neck dissection should be considered.
Screened Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder as a Predictor of Substance Use Initiation and Escalation in Early Adulthood and the Role of Self-Reported Conduct Disorder and Sensation Seeking: A 5-Year Longitudinal Study with Young Adult Swiss Men
Authors: Moggi Franz , Schorno Deborah , Soravia Leila Maria , Mohler-Kuo Meichun , Estévez-Lamorte Natialia , Studer Joseph , Gmel Gerhard
Published: June 2020

Background: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder (CD), and sensation seeking (SS) have been consistently related to a higher risk of substance use (SU) and substance use disorder (SUD). Objectives: To investigate the relationship between ADHD and prevalence rates in males at age 20 and age 25, the initiation of SU and SUD after age 20, and the escalation of SU from age 20 to age 25, and to explore the role of CD and SS in the relation of ADHD with SU and SUD initiation and escalation. Method: Data were obtained as part of the Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors (C-SURF), which focused on young Swiss men aged 20 years at baseline and 25 years at follow-up. Results: Participants who screened positive for ADHD at baseline exhibited a higher rate of SU and SUD than participants who screened negative. The presence of ADHD symptoms at age 20 predicted initiation of all SU between age 20 and age 25, except for alcohol and smoking. After controlling for self-reported CD and SS, ADHD still predicted this late initiation of use of hallucinogens, meth-/amphetamines, and ecstasy/MDMA; non-medical use of ADHD medication and sedatives, and alcohol use disorder (AUD). No escalation of weekly drinking and smoking or annual cannabis use was observed from age 20 to age 25. Conclusion: Screened-positive ADHD is an independent predictor of late SU and AUD, along with self-reported CD and SS. From a public health perspective, identifying ADHD is not only important in childhood and adolescence but also in early adulthood to guide specific interventions to lower risks of drug use initiation and the development of AUD in early adulthood.
Adaptation and the Mortality Effects of Temperature Across U.S. Climate Regions
Authors: Heutel Garth , Miller Nolan H. , Molitor David
Published: June 2020

We estimate how the mortality effects of temperature vary across U.S. climate regions to assess local and national damages from projected climate change. Using 22 years of Medicare data, we find that both cold and hot days increase mortality. How ever, hot days are less deadly in warm places while cold days are less deadly in cool places. Incorporating this heterogeneity into end-of-century climate change assessments reverses the conventional wisdom on climate damage incidence: cold places bear more, not less, of the mortality burden. Allowing places to adapt to their future climate substantially reduces the estimated mortality effects of climate change.
Measuring the Spillovers of Venture Capital
Authors: Schnitzer Monika , Watzinger Martin
Published: June 2020

This paper shows that venture capital investment in start-ups increases innovation of established companies in technologically related fields due to knowledge spillovers. To address endogeneity issues, we instrument R&D expenditures of established companies with state-level R&D tax credits (Bloom, Schankerman, & Van Reenen, 2013) and venture capital investment with past fundraising of private equity buyout funds (Nanda & Rhodes-Kropf, 2013). Exploring the mechanism, we show that the patents of VC-financed start-ups are on average of higher quality, more novel, and less protected by intellectual property rights than those of established firms, leading to significantly larger spillovers. This knowledge transfer between companies is enhanced by mobile start-up inventors.
Interest Rate Pass-Through and Consumption Response: The Deposit Channel
Authors: Agarwal Sumit , Chomsisengphet Souphala , Yildirim Yildiray , Zhang Jian
Published: June 2020

This study assesses a new mechanism, the deposit channel, in the transmission of interest rate shock to household consumption using an administrative panel data set of financial transactions for Turkey. Our empirical strategy exploits variation in consumers' adherence to the Islamic laws that forbid earning interest and employs a standard difference-in-difference design. Following an unanticipated announcement of interest rate hike, rate-sensitive consumers significantly reduce their overall spending, and the response persists throughout the post-announcement period. The response of debt payment, disparate exposure to inflation, exchange rate, and the demographic difference can hardly fully account for the documented consumption response heterogeneity.
Stuck in the Seventies: Gas Prices and Consumer Sentiment
Authors: Binder Carola , Makridis Christos
Published: June 2020

Using daily consumer survey data, we analyze the transmission of gas prices to consumer beliefs and expectations about the economy. We exploit the high frequency and geographic disaggregation of our data set to facilitate identification. Consumer sentiment becomes more pessimistic with rising gas prices. This effect is strongest for consumers who lived through the recessionary oil crises in the 1970s, consistent with models of learning from personal experience. For younger respondents, the sensitivity of sentiment to gas prices is stronger for college-educated respondents. Sensitivity is also higher in states with greater gas expenditures per capita.
Indian Buddhist Attitudes toward Outcastes
Authors: Silk Jonathan A.
Published: June 2020

Indian Buddhist literary sources contain both systematic and casual rejections of, broadly speaking, the caste system and caste discrimination. However, they also provide ample evidence for, possibly subconscious, discriminatory attitudes toward outcastes, prototypically caṇḍālas. The rhetoric found in Indian Buddhist literature regarding caṇḍālas is examined in this paper.
Remarks on genus Microtachycines Gorochov, 1992 (Orthoptera: haphidophoridae: Aemodogryllinae) from China
Authors: QIN YAN-YAN , LIU XIAN-WEI , LI KAI
Published: June 2020

In this work, one new species Microtachycines trispinosus Qin et Li sp. nov. from Sanqingshan of Jiangxi province is described and illustrated with photographs. It is mentioned that Microtachycines fallax Qin, Liu, & Li, 2017 should be regarded as the junior synonym of Microtachycines elongatus Qin, Liu & Li, 2017. All examined specimens are deposited in Shanghai Entomological Museum, Chinese Academy of Sciences (SEM, CAS).
Prototype for Monitoring and Accessing Electricity Usage Details in Cloud Using Internet of Things Energy Meter
Authors: Jaichandran R. , Rajaprakash S. , Shunmuganathan K.L. , Verma Amit Kumar , Sinha Abhishek , Singh Pankaj Kumar
Published: June 2020

In this paper we presented a prototype for storing and accessing electricity usage details in cloud using IoT energy meter. Proposed system used energy meter with microcontroller to monitor electricity usage and transmits energy consumed details and cost to server. Users check hourly
or daily usage of electricity and their cost online using simple web application. Prototype is experimented to check the electricity consumption details of a class room for five days. Based on Tamil Nadu government electricity board tariff rate for private educational institutions, seven rupees
fifty paisa is set as per unit cost for energy used. Results show proposed prototype is effective in monitoring, storing, and accessing electricity usage details in cloud. Energy consumed details and their cost is frequently updated to server and user can access their hourly or daily electricity
usage details along with cost in cloud. Proposed system reduces human intervention in monitoring energy meter readings and can save significant amounts of time and money.
Chinese Remainder Theorem Based Key Management for Secured Data Transmission in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Manikandan G. , Sakthi U.
Published: June 2020

In secure communication key management plays an important role. Ensuring of security and trust worthiness in any transmission taking place via Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) can be done using thoughtfully designed key management models. Here, the method of clustering is used to increase
the system performance. Also, an effective key generation method is proposed for secured data transmission for the clustered wireless sensor networks. This method uses Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT) for generating secret key for each cluster and merges with cluster head ID to generate a unique
144-bit encryption keys. Since, CRT uses random numbers for generating keys, separate active keys that are dynamic to ensure secured data transmission. The proposed model provides a positive impact by improving the lifetime, reducing the delay time, memory requirements and energy consumption,
when compared with other existing state of art methods. Moreover, it protects data from brute-force attack, forward as well as backward secrecy and node compromised attack.
Fog Level Trust for Internet of Things Devices Using Node Feedback Aggregation
Authors: Mon Solomon Feslin Anish , Sathianesan Godfrey Winster
Published: June 2020

Internet of things is a current exploding area of research now in which the number of devices is expected to reach 20 billion in 2050. Devices are becoming intelligent and are being used for many applications which support day to day living of humans. Since the information gathered
are being used by human users in most of the cases, trust of the information provider is to be questioned. Lack of trust obstructs the acceptance of these devices and technologies to be implemented. As the technology advances, the IoT network architecture must establish trust between the devices
to increase its adaptability among the potential users. In this paper, we propose a Fog level trust establishment technique has been proposed for IoT devices using Node feedback mechanism. Since the trust factors are decided in the fog level, the nodes will know the trust of the other node
which they need to communicate only and thereby avoiding bad-mouthing attacks. Considering the node capability in IoT environment, we adopt a mechanism for the calculating the trust of the node which keeps the overhead of the trust computing device to be low. This makes our implementation
capable of expanding to handle large scale IoT networks. Information Entropy theory has been adopted to gather the feedback about a node in the fog level which breaks the barriers of subjective trust calculation in the traditional trust management schemes. Results shows an improvement in the
efficiency compared to the existing methods.
Mathematical Modelling and Simulation of Simple Phase Locked Loop for Distributed Grid Application
Authors: Venkatesh Kumar P. , Anbumalar S. , Yamini V.
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this paper is to model a simple phase locked loop for grid application. One of the most challenging issues is the phase detection for grid application. The signal estimator with PLL is used for better phase detection which has a simple structure and gives fast dynamic
response for grid application with robust performance. The simulation results show the effective performance of the proposed PLL.
Smart Home System Using Clustering Based on Internet of Things
Authors: Sowmya K. V. , Chandu A. , Nagasai A. , Sri Harsha Preetham C. H. , Supreeth K.
Published: June 2020

Now a days we all are busy in our regular works, holding the burden of works on our shoulder so, with the help of smart home appliances we can get some secure and an easy way to control the home appliances and we can also know the location information of that particular device. These
days lot of researchers are focusing their interest on IoT (Internet of Things). The most vital application where IoT is being mostly used is home automation where all the electronic gadgets are connected to the internet via various layers viz, device level, controller level, restful services
level, gateway level and finally the cloud layer. Moreover, gigantic information is being produced by the IoT devices. This information has to be processed and stored in a very effective manner so as to control the home appliances from anywhere in the world. Here we control the home appliances
through our mobile by the use of IoT. So, we can control our home appliances very easy and fast compared to the manual operation such as on and off of any device. There might be some relief in our daily life that not to bother about whether we switch off the home appliances or not, instead
of it we can check the mobile and solve the situations in short period of time.
Behaviour of Vertically Loaded Piled Raft System
Authors: Merin Jose K. , Krishnan Divya , Ravichandran P. T.
Published: June 2020

A foundation gives the overall strength to a building by providing a level surface for the building to stand and distributing the total load uniformly to the underlying soil. The type of foundation to be chosen varies with the foundation soil and site conditions. Piled raft system are
a type of foundation preferred when the bearing strata has less soil bearing capacity and a huge load has to be transferred. Thus Piled raft foundation is a foundation system which uses the combined effects of both rafts and piles such that it is expected to transfer huge loads without large
settlement. An ample evaluation of factors like number of piles, length of piles, and degree of compaction of soil that affects the performance of the foundation is required, to understand the concept of piled raft foundation. This study was based on the behaviour of vertically loaded piled
raft system by varying the length of pile as 100 mm, 150 mm and 200 mm with 4 and 9 numbers of pile conducted on loose and dense state in cohesion less soil. A vertical load test was conducted on unpiled raft both in loose and dense state of soil also and the results obtained from both piled
and unpiled rafts were compared together. The compared results indicated an improvement in ultimate load capacity and settlement reduction. A settlement reduction of 32.71% and increased bearing capacity of 63.67% were observed when compared to unpiled raft under dense condition. About 84%
of increase in bearing capacity of the piled raft system was observed with varying the degree of compaction of soil from loose to dense state of soil. An optimum design of this piled raft foundation can provide an alternative foundation for high rise buildings, transmission towers, bridges
etc. and it can provide an aid to the threat of differential settlement for heavy loaded buildings in poor bearing strata.
Effect of velocity coefficient on ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting Inconel718 material
Authors: Wang Tianqi , Feng Yazhou , Qiu Yuanying , Liu Zhanfeng
Published: June 2020

UEV (Ultrasonic elliptical vibration) cutting is introduced for the complicated problem of Inconel718 machining. The finite element modeling and constraint processing of Inconel718 ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting are analyzed and discussed. On this basis, the orthogonal cutting
residual stress of Inconel718 is simulated. The influences of velocity coefficient on cutting stability, cutting force, cutting temperature and residual stress are obtained. The results have a great practical significance for achieving the ideal cutting effect of Inconel718.
Simple-chemical synthetic route for the preparation of Ag nanoparticles supported on reduced graphene oxide
Authors: Ain Qura Tul , Haq Samina Hyder
Published: June 2020

A simple-chemical synthetic approach to the preparation of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) decorated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is demonstrated, which are appealing as a promising composite to treat the various diseases. The one-step strategy was used to reduce synthetic graphene
oxide (GO) and to prepare AgNPs. EDX element mapping analysis presented the Ag content in the prepared rGO-Ag composite. HRTEM revealed that mono-dispersed AgNPs anchored on the rGO. The functional groups present on the surface of the materials were identified by Fourier-transform infrared
spectroscopy (FTIR). UV-Vis absorption study provided information about the electronic states of the materials. The results showed the highly transparent rGO sheets decorated with AgNPs.
Nano-titanium dioxide/basic magnesium hypochlorite-containing linear low-density polyethylene composite film on food packaging application
Authors: Deng Jing , Chen Qi Jue , Chen Ding Jie , Zheng Luo Jie , Li Wen , Wang Jian Hui , Wang Xue Lian , Wei Yi Can , Chen Zhu , Chen Shuang , Sun Kai Qing , Zhang Jun Yuan , Ding Quan Ming , Liu Dong Min , Fu Xi Jun
Published: June 2020

The aim of this research was to probe the potential application of nano-titanium dioxide (TiO2)/basic magnesium hypochlorite (BMH)-containing linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) composite film in grape fresh-keeping. Mechanical properties, transparency, barrier performance
and antibacterial activity of the nano-composite membrane were measured, and results showed that the antibacterial zone diameter of TiO2/BMH on pathogen-Aspergillus niger was 31.4 mm, with mixing ratio of BMH/TiO2 to 2:1. It was clearly shown that the synthesized
nano-composite films decreased mechanical properties and transparency of the membrane, and also had a significant impact on sensory score, mass loss rate, decay rate, ascorbic acid (Vc) content and titratable acid content compared with LLDPE films. Moreover, the results revealed that the LLDPE
antibacterial film can be effectively used for storing grapes, preserving the flavor of grapes and had an obviously effect in prolonging grapes’ shelf life.
Regulation of intestinal lipid metabolism by fusion-induced fatty liver based on graphene oxide nanopore DNA
Authors: Xiao Gemin , Shi Hong , Zhang Jiongshan , Liao Mei , Guo Wenhai , Li Yue , Dai Min
Published: June 2020

The regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism by intestinal microorganisms is closely related to the occurrence of fatty liver. In order to explore the relationship between the distribution of intestinal flora and the occurrence of fatty liver, we extracted fecal DNA from normal people
(group C) and patients with fatty liver (group D), sequenced the collected samples with graphene oxide (GO) nano-solid nanopore, and sequenced the V3 and V4 regions of 16S. After screening the sequencing data, all tag sequences of all samples were clustered according to operational taxonomic
units (OTUs) using UPARSE 9 software. After determining abundance of OTUs and species annotation of the sequencing results, alpha diversity was analyzed based on an OTU abundance table. Krona (V2.6) 18 software displayed the results of species annotation in an interactive and visual way, and
species distribution among groups was compared. The LEfSe method was used to analyze the differences of species distribution among components. After cluster analysis, the number of OTUs in the normal population was 512, the number of intestinal species in fatty liver patients was 541, of which
262 were common species. Alpha diversity analysis revealed reduced relative abundance in the fatty liver patients. The abundance of phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species in each group were compared. The abundance of Pachytene and Proteus increased abnormally and the relative abundance
of Clostridium decreased. In addition, the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in Enterobacteriaceae and Fusobacteria in Fusobacteria decreased. The relative abundance of Bacteroidea, Bacteroideae, and Lachnospiraceae increased. The results of species distribution analysis confirmed that the difference
of Fusicantibacter distribution in Lachnospiraceae was significant. Functional analysis of the distribution of the flora revealed the principle role of the flora in fat metabolism. Therefore, it was concluded that Fusicantibacter was the dominant flora in patients with fatty liver, which promoted
the formation of fatty liver by enhancing fat metabolism. The findings also demonstrated that GO nanopores can be used for DNA sequencing.