bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
33.3: Flexible Electrofluidic Displays Using Brilliantly Colored Pigments
Authors: Zhou Kaichang , Dean Kenneth A. , Heikenfeld Jason
Published: October 2010

We have developed a novel electrofluidic technology for displays that employs brilliantly colored, well‐saturated pigments in solution, modulated by electrowetting physics. We discuss the operating principles of the display, and demonstrate progress in key areas needed for realizing products, including fabrication on flexible substrates and performance from −28 °C to 80 °C.
34.2: Viewing‐Angle Compensation of IPS and Circularly Polarized VA‐LCDs Using a Novel Ultra‐Thin Homeotropically Aligned Liquid‐Crystalline Polymer Film
Authors: Takahashi Yuji , Uesaka Tetsuya , Hirai Tomoo , Mazaki Hitoshi
Published: October 2010

We have developed a novel ultra‐thin homeotropically aligned liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) film called “NV film”. NV film allows In‐Plane‐Switching (IPS) and Circularly‐Polarized Vertical‐Alignment (CPVA) LCDs to have excellent viewing angle performance with only a slight increase in the total thickness just by attaching the film to the panel.
34.3: Drawing‐Induced Biaxiality Change from a Positive C to a Negative A Plate and Its Application in Wide Viewing Angle IPS LCDs
Authors: Yang Young‐Cheol , Yang Deng‐Ke
Published: October 2010

Mechanical drawing is widely used to induce the optical birefringence (positive A or negative C plates) in optically isotropic polymer films. We propose a method to make the optical films having the optical biaxiality lying in between that of the positive C and the negative A plates (nx < ny < nz) utilizing the solvent evaporation and the mechanical drawing processes. A theoretical model is proposed to calculate the birefringence induced by the processes. Numerical calculation shows that the biaxial film drawn properly can widen the viewing angle of IPS mode LCDs.
35.3: Exo‐electron Measurements in AC‐PDPs with Exposed Address‐Electrode Structure
Authors: Awaji Noriyuki , Tolner Harm , Zhao Lingguo , Jiang Jue , Kajiyama Hiroshi
Published: October 2010

An uncoated address‐electrode structure is adopted for the measurement of exo‐electron emission in AC‐PDPs. In this way the surface charging effects of the rear dielectric layer and phosphor layers are eliminated. By applying waveforms with different number of sustaining pulses, the exo‐electron emission is measured during a full TV frame.
35.4: Temperature Dependence of Exo‐electron Emission for AC PDP
Authors: Yoon Sang‐Hoon , Kuang Yawei , Kim Yong‐Seog
Published: October 2010

In this study, we attempted to understand the temperature dependence of statistical delay of ac‐PDPs. Two theoretical models, Auger mechanism of thermal excitation and Tunneling model, were used to predict the temperature and time dependency of exo‐electron currents. In the Auger mechanism model, a distributed source of trapped electrons was used. The theoretical prediction from the Auger model showed a significant discrepancy from the experimentally measured results from the panels with MgO nano‐cube powder coating. The tunneling model seems to describe the exo‐electron currents from MgO nano‐cube powders better.
37.2: New Methodology for Evaluating Quality of Stereoscopic Images
Authors: D'Oosterlinck Wouter , Marchessoux Cédric , Bert Tom
Published: October 2010

In 3D image quality assessment some preliminary results have already been reported, nevertheless no complete objective method to qualify stereoscopic images exists yet. Here first results on a new approach to objectively quantify stereoscopic images using the existing 2D image quality metric SSIM (structural similarity) are presented.
38.4: Invited Paper: In‐Cell Embedded Touch Screen Technology for Large Size LCD Applications
Authors: Takahashi Seiki , Cho Duc Han , Moon Hoi‐Sik , Kim Nam Deog
Published: October 2010

Design guidelines for large size liquid crystal capacitive sensor panels have been studied. Based on a model taking both column spacer and glass deformation into account, reductions of column spacer density or elastic constant are found to be effective for improving cell gap sensitivity to touch force. The structure of a‐Si IR sensor incorporating IR light source and IR passing filter has been proposed, and the issues of optical sensor method are confirmed to be solved by simulation and experiment results.
39.1: Solution Processed Molecular Materials in the Fabrication of Flexible Phosphorescence‐based OLEDs
Authors: Chen Chin‐Ti , Liu Shun‐Wei , Wu Min‐Fei , Lee Yi‐Ting
Published: October 2010

OLEDs were fabricated by solution process, particularly, having amorphous small molecule SimCP2 as the host material for blue phosphorescence dopant FIrpic. Having SimCP2 as a whole or part of host materials, solution processed flexible OLEDs (2 × 2 cm on ITO‐coated PET) exhibit blue electrophosphorescence with CIEx,y coordinates of (0.22, 0.29) and current efficiency as high as 23 and 19 cd/A at 100 and 1000 cd/m2, respectively, has been achieved.
39.4: Highly Efficient Fluorescent Blue OLEDs with Efficiency‐enhancement Layer
Authors: Kawamura Masahiro , Kawamura Yuichiro , Mizuki Yumiko , Funahashi Masakazu , Kuma Hitoshi , Hosokawa Chishio
Published: October 2010

We found a new device structure which has an efficiency‐ enhancement layer between emitting layer and electron transporting layer. We applied the structure to a pure blue fluorescent device with a CIE1931 coordinate of (0.14, 0.12) and successfully obtained very high EQE of over 10% with low driving voltage of 3.7 V at 10 mA/cm2 and long lifetime of 10,000 hrs at an initial luminance of 1,000 cd/m2. Results of transient EL measurements indicated the contribution of triplet excitons to the high EQE.
40.2: Application and Effects of Orientation Control Technology in Electronic Paper Using Cholesteric Liquid Crystals
Authors: Kato Takuto , Kurosaki Yoshihisa , Kiyota Yoshinori , Tomita Jyunji , Yoshihara Toshiaki
Published: October 2010

We confirmed that, for electronic paper that uses the cholesteric liquid crystal method, a high reflectance and contrast ratio were obtained by applying cross‐rubbing of appropriate rubbing strength to a high pretilt angle alignment layer.
41.3: 5° SiOx Deposition Alignment: A Possible Solution for the Low Power LCDs Using Low‐Frequency Applied Voltage Waveforms
Authors: Huang Yi , Bos Philip J. , Bhowmik Achintya
Published: October 2010

Bistable displays are known to have low power consumption, but they usually lack the ability to display video‐rate images. Operating active‐matrix liquid crystal displays(AMLCD) with ultra‐wide refresh‐rate range, down to ∼1 Hz, can lower the power consumption to be similar to bistable devices, and offer video rates as well. 5° SiOx layer based liquid crystal (LC) alignment technique is studied here to overcome the ion problems typically encountered with low refresh rate devices. The effect of ions on the voltage holding ratio (VHR) and residual DC voltage (RDC) with 5° SiOx‐based LC alignment is compared with those with polyimide‐based LC alignment. It is found that 5° SiOx alignment provides high VHR and small RDC, with good stability over time. Also, the VHR properties for the cells with 30° SiOx alignment were studied, as well as the cells without any alignment layers. It is found that these two types of cell have lower VHR than 5° SiOx whose surface morphology may help to capture a large amount of ions. Therefore, we show 5° SiOx alignment is an excellent candidate for low power AMLCDs operated with ultra‐wide refresh rate range.
41.5L: Late‐News Paper: Novel Field‐induced Pre‐tilt Alignment Technique Using a Photo‐reactive Alignment Layer for VA LCD
Authors: Suwa Shunichi , Isozaki Tadaaki , Inoue Yuichi , Nakamura Masahiko , Miyakawa Masashi , Urabe Tetsuo
Published: October 2010

We developed a novel LC alignment method for controlling molecular tilt angle by applying a field with photo—reactive polyimide as an alignment layer. This innovative technology establishes a high level VA‐LCD whose characteristic is not only fast response time but also a lower black level even more high reliability.
43.1: A Novel Multi‐level Memory in Pixel Technology for Ultra Low Power LTPS TFT‐LCD
Authors: Ueda Naoki , Ogawa Yasuyuki , Tanaka Kohei , Yamauchi Yoshimitsu , Yamamoto Keiichi
Published: October 2010

A Novel multi‐level memory in pixel technology is proposed for ultra low power TFT‐LCD, which can realize the multi‐color using the analog voltage grey‐scale method. This technology is successfully implemented into the transflective 4 grey‐scale (64 colors), 3.17 inch HVGA panel with low power of 300uW and high quality of image.
43.4: Low Power LC Display Using In‐Ga‐Zn‐Oxide TFTs Based on Variable Frame Frequency
Authors: Amano Seiko , Harada Hikaru , Akimoto Kengo , Sakata Junichiro , Nishi Takeshi , Moriya Koji , Wakimoto Kenichi , Koyama Jun , Yamazaki Shunpei , Oikawa Yoshiaki , Ikeyama Terumasa , Sakakura Masayuki
Published: October 2010

By using an oxide semiconductor, we successfully prototyped a 3.4‐inch QHD LCD panel including data and scan drivers; their power consumption is reduced by variable frame frequency (from 1/60 fps to 120 fps) depending on images. Low frame frequency in displaying still images on a PC monitor can reduce eyestrain.
44.1: Volumetric Display using Scanned Fiber Array
Authors: Schowengerdt Brian T. , Murari Mrinal , Seibel Eric J.
Published: October 2010

In a new approach to 3‐D display, a novel beveled array of singlemode optical fibers, placed at an angle in front of a lens, generates a multifocal superimposed bundle of beams. When scanned biaxially, each beam generates a plane at a different optical viewing distance, forming a multilayer volumetric display.
44.2: An Analysis of Image Uniformity of Three‐dimensional Image Based on Rotating LED Array Volumetric Display System
Authors: Wu Jiang , Yan Caijie , Xia Xinxing , Hou Jia , Li Haifeng , Liu Xu , Zheng Wenting
Published: October 2010

We analyze the luminance uniformity and color uniformity of the color volumetric 3D display system based on a rotating LED screen. We first analyze the luminance and chromatic coordinate distribution for one RGB cube with different horizontal and vertical view angles and also luminance and color display effect for 64 spatial distributing RGB color cubes. To evaluate the luminance uniformity and color uniformity of 3D image with different display positions, we present three indexes for them respectively. for luminance uniformity, the indexes are the average luminance, the normalized luminance difference, and the average normalized luminance difference. And for color uniformity the indexes are the average of color difference, the maximum color difference, and the variance of color difference. By these evaluation parameters, we can compare luminance and color uniformity in different 3D volumetric display systems.
44.4:Invited Paper: A Novel Stereo Display that Presents Nearly Correct Focus Cues
Authors: Banks Martin S. , Love Gordon D. , Hoffman David M. , Shibata Takashi , Kim Joohwan
Published: October 2010

Stereoscopic displays can produce perceptual distortions, performance decrements, and fatigue/discomfort because of conflicts between the presented binocular disparities and focus cues (blur and accommodation). We have developed a display that circumvents this problem. It uses a fast switchable lens synchronized to the display such that focus cues are nearly correct. We describe its use in an experiment on visual discomfort and fatigue.
45.1: Touch Panel Embedded IPS‐LCD with Parasitic Current Reduction Technique
Authors: Haga Hiroshi , Yanase Jiro , Kamon Youichiro , Takatori Kenichi , Asada Hideki , Kaneko Setsuo
Published: October 2010

A capacitive‐type touch‐panel‐embedded IPS‐LCD is realized by novel parasitic current reduction technique (PCR). The PCR removes 90% of the current flowing through the parasitic capacitance on a capacitive sensor (ITO layer) formed on a color filter substrate. Since the IPS‐LCD has the same structure as commercial products, it features no reduction in aperture ratio.
6.4: A Clockembedded Voltage Differential Signaling CVDS for the ChipOnGlass Application of TFTLCD
Authors: Jeon Hyun‐Kyu , Moon Yong‐Hwan , Seo Jeong‐ll , Hong Ju‐Pyo , Oh Kwang‐II , Kim Jun‐Ho , Choi Jung‐Hwan , Park Seok‐Jae , Na Joon‐Ho , Shim Jae‐Ryun , Oh Heong‐Seog , Kim Dae‐Seong , Han Dae‐Keun , Kang Jeong‐Ho , Kang Koo‐Won , Moon Kyoung‐Tae , Kim Jin‐Kyu , Choi Hyun‐Chul , Kim Lee‐Sup
Published: October 2010

An intrapanel interface for the ChipOnGlass COG application is developed using a Clockembedded Voltage Differential Signaling CVDS. The proposed interface adopts an embedded clock scheme to eliminate the skew between data and clock signals. The transmitter and receiver for the proposed interface are equipped with the transition compensator and equalizer to overcome the frequency limitation caused by highly resistive LineOnGlass LOG of the COG application. The maximum data rate per pair is measured as high as 780Mbps at the prototype with the refresh rate up to 105Hz. The proposed interface achieves low electromagnetic interference EMI and low power consumption. The power consumption of the proposed interface is reduced by 50% compared to the conventional interfaces for the COG application.
47.1: Invited Paper: Highly Robust Flexible AMOLED Display on Plastic Substrate with New Structure
Authors: Jin Dong‐Un , Kim Tae‐Woong , Koo Hyun‐Woo , Stryakhilev Denis , Kim Hyung‐Sik , Seo Sang‐Joon , Kim Moo‐Jin , Min Hoon‐Kee , Chung Ho‐Kyoon , Kim Sang‐Soo
Published: October 2010

A new flexible TFT backplane structure with improved mechanical reliability has been fabricated on a plastic substrate using amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide (a‐IGZO) thin film transistors. The panel withstood 10,000 bending cycles at a bending radius of 5 mm without any noticeable TFT degradation. After the bending test, change of Vth, mobility, sub‐threshold slope, and gate leakage current were only −0.10V, −0.11cm2/V‐s, 0.01V/decade, and −1.03×10‐−12A, respectively. No line defects, dark spots, or bright spots appeared after 10K bending cycles at a bend radius of 10 mm.
6.5L: LateNews Paper: The Enhanced Reduced Voltage Differential Signaling eRVDS Interface with Clock Embedded Scheme for ChipOnGlass TFTLCD Applications
Authors: Baek Dong Hoon , Lim Jung Pil , Pae Han Su , Lee Jae Youl , Yu Wang , Choi Young Min , Lee Young Hun , Lee Sun Ik , Lee Woo Sung , Lee Dae Joon , Choi Yoon Kyung , Lee Myung Hee
Published: October 2010

The enhanced Reduced Voltage Differential Signaling eRVDS is a new intrapanel interface with clock embedded scheme for ChipOnGlass TFTLCD panel. The source driver IC with eRVDS interface operates at higher data rate up to 720Mbps, lower power consumption, and lower EMI and reduces signal line to one third compared to conventional pointtopoint COG interface.
47.3: A Rollable AM‐OLED Display Driven by OTFTs
Authors: Noda Makoto , Kobayashi Norihito , Katsuhara Mao , Yumoto Akira , Ushikura Shin‐ichi , Yasuda Ryo‐ichi , Hirai Nobukazu , Yukawa Gen , Yagi Iwao , Nomoto Kazumasa , Urabe Tetsuo
Published: October 2010

We have developed an 80‐μm‐thick rollable AM‐OLED display. The display is driven by an organic TFT backplane for which we have used originally developed semiconductor, a perixanthenoxanthene derivative. The display shows no degradation in a 4 mm‐radius roll‐up‐and‐release cycle of 1000 times.
48.4: Advanced‐Super‐View Pixel Modeling
Authors: James Richard , Willman Eero , Harley Nicholas , Day Sally E. , Ferńndez F. Aníbal
Published: October 2010

Accurate modeling of an Advanced‐Super‐View (ASV) pixel is used to obtain the liquid crystal dynamics and steady state director orientation. In agreement with previously published experimental results, rotation of the liquid crystal about the pixel centre is demonstrated. We show that creating defects at the pixel center inhibits this rotation. A modified ASV pixel design that includes additional electrodes is shown able to provide precise control over the liquid crystal orientation throughout the pixel. This control makes possible the provision of public and private viewing modes via careful selection of the electrode voltages.
49.1: Invited Paper: High Luminous Efficacy and Low‐Driving‐Voltage Discharges in PDP with SrO‐MgO Double Protecting Layer
Authors: Whang Ki‐Woong , Lee Tae‐Ho , Cheong Hee‐Woon
Published: October 2010

A double protecting layer composed of MgO layer deposited on top of the SrO prevents SrO from the contamination by air and as a result, low driving voltage and high luminous efficacy PDP can be realized albeit a much prolong aging time is required. We adopted a special process to reduce the long aging time for the PDP with SrO‐MgO double protective layer and confirmed that it can be comparable to that of the single MgO layer. The panel showed much improved luminous efficacy at reduced voltages.
49.2: Effects of Sealing Atmosphere on Protective Layers in AC PDP
Authors: Lee Min‐Suk , Moon Joong‐Ho , Matulevich Yury , Choi Won Chel , Heo Eun Gi
Published: October 2010

We have prepared two kinds of panels with a change in the sealing atmosphere. for this, air and nitrogen gas were used, respectively. The discharge voltages, Vfxy and Vfay, for the panel sealed in nitrogen gas were 35V and 30V lower, respectively, than those for the panel sealed in air. Moreover, long‐term operation drifts in brightness, discharge voltage and delay time were considerably reduced. In order to find probable explanations to the differences caused by the sealing atmosphere, the protective layers were examined with analysis tools like SEM, CL and XPS. From this analysis, no clear explanation was obtained.
49.4: Photon and Electron Excitation Characteristics of MgO Submicron Crystals Made From Precursors
Authors: Li Qing , Tolner Harm , Pan Wen , Wang Ninghui , Shao Qiyue , Wu Minxia , Liu Jie
Published: October 2010

Submicron MgO crystals, that are known to reduce the addressing jitter in PDF, have been made using MgCO3 precursor material. The effect of the calcination temperature on the properties of the MgO crystals is investigated, using photon and electron excitation. Photoluminescence (PL) and cathode‐luminescence (CL) spectra are analyzed in terms of exciton creation, and the exciton‐decay. The effect of the presence of hydride electron traps, VOH hole traps, and F‐centers is discussed. Finally it is suggested that the presence of either ultraviolet emission and/or 720nm emission peaks are possible indicators of exo‐electron‐emission from these crystals.
50.2: Mura Detection Automation in LCD Panels by Thresholding Fused Normalized Gradient and Second Derivative Responses
Authors: Jamleh Hani , Li Tsung‐Yu , Wang Shen‐Zhi , Chen Chien‐Wen , Kuo Chia‐ Chia , Wang Ko‐Shun , Chen Charlie Chung‐Ping
Published: October 2010

An effective general algorithm for Mura defect detection based on the fusion of normalized first‐ and second‐order derivative responses in four directions is proposed. The experiments applied on various types of pseudo‐Mura with different shapes shows an efficient detection rate more than 90 percent.
6.6L: LateNews Paper: A Low Quiescent Current and Fast Settling Output Buffer with Boosting Slewrate Scheme for Large LCD Driver
Authors: Chang II Kwon , Kim Min Sung , Lew Ji Ho , Yun Joon Yul , Park Jae Kyu , Lee Don Woo , Kim So Youn , Min Kyung Won , Kim Young Chul , Lee Jae Hoon
Published: October 2010

In this paper, we describe an output buffer with a fast settling time without compromising the power consumption. It was achieved by employing a slew boosting circuit SBC that operates just during the transition. This scheme was implemented into a 6bit 720ch column driver IC with a 0.18μm 13V high voltage CMOS process. The measured static current was 3.2μA. The settling time at 99.5% was 1.4μs with 10KΩ load resistance and 280pF load capacitance.
51.1: Novel Simultaneous Emission Driving Scheme for Crosstalk‐free 3D AMOLED TV
Authors: Lee Baek‐woon , Ji In‐hwan , Han Sang‐myeon , Sung Si‐duk , Shin Kwang‐sub , Lee Jang Doo , Kim Byung Hee , Berkeley Brian H. , Kim Sang Soo
Published: October 2010

A novel driving scheme based on simultaneous emission is reported for 2D/3D AMOLED TVs. The new method reduces left‐right crosstalk without sacrificing luminance. The new scheme greatly simplifies the pixel circuit as the number of transistors for Vth compensation is reduced from 6 to 3. The capacitive load of scan lines is reduced by 48%, enabling very high refresh rate (240 Hz).
51.2: New 240Hz Driving Method for Full HD & High Quality 3D LCD TV
Authors: Kim Dae‐Sik , Park Sang‐Moo , Jung Jong‐Hoon , Hwang Dong‐Choon
Published: October 2010

We propose the new 240Hz driving method that includes black frame insertion, LED BLU(back light unit) control and shutter glasses control to reduce crosstalk caused mainly by slow LC response and data scanning driving method. As a result, it realizes 240Hz Full HD 3D LCD TV with average crosstalk about 1% level.
51.3: An Ultra‐Low‐Cost 2‐D/3‐D Video‐Conversion System
Authors: Cheng Chao‐Chung , Li Chung‐Te , Chen Liang‐Gee
Published: October 2010

In this paper, we propose an ultra low cost 2D‐to‐3D conversion system which generates depth maps using the human visual perception characteristics of luminance and color. The proposed method has two major parts, edge feature‐based global scene depth gradient and texture‐based local depth refinement. The near‐to‐far global scene depth is generated by analyzing the edge complexity on each row. Then the local pixel value, Y, Cb, and Cr component of the video content is used to refine the detail depth value by enhance the texture lighting gradient on object surface. Combining the global depth gradient and local depth refinement, the depth map has a comfortable and vivid quality with very low computational complexity. The algorithm can be easily implemented by only line‐based architecture and integrated into the display chip.
51.4: 3D Video Framework Design for FVV Realization
Authors: Yang Ruixing , Pockett Lachlan , Nurmi Jari
Published: October 2010

In this paper, we propose a 3D video framework design for Free‐view Video (FVV) realization which gives the viewer interactivity capability to choose viewing point in order to better enjoy the video content. The proposed FVV framework can be used as a reference structure for FVV application implementation. In the proposed FVV framework, the image segmentation and plane matching method are utilized to generate virtual frames. The FVV application developed under the proposed framework does not need strict camera calibration. The goal of proposing the framework is to make it easy to be utilized in different dynamic situations where strict camera calibration is not easy to realize.
52.2: Hybrid Tandem White OLEDs with High Efficiency and Long Life‐time for AMOLED Displays and Solid‐State Lighting
Authors: Hatwar Tukaram K. , Spindler Jeffrey P. , Kondakova Marina , Giesen David , Deaton Joseph , Vargas J. Ramon
Published: October 2010

Excellent performance (61 cd/A efficiency, 27% EQE, 6.2 V, 6500 K white point, 35,000 h half‐life) was obtained using 2‐stack hybrid tandem white OLED. This is >70% EQE improvement over the all‐fluorescent tandem white resulting in >30% reduction in power consumption for a 32″ AMOLED HDTV. Hybrid Tandems for lighting show EQE between 28.4 and − 30.6%, and lifetime between 70,000 and 125,000 h without outcoupling.
53.3: Redundant Pixel Line Insertion for Laser Crystallization Based Large Size LTPS AMOLED Displays
Authors: Choi Sang‐moo , Kang Chul‐kyu , Chung Sung‐won , Kim Moo‐jin , Kim Mu‐hyun , Kim Keum‐nam , Kim Byung‐hee
Published: October 2010

With an excimer laser annealing (ELA) process, maximum display size is limited by the laser beam length because performance variations of the transistors in the overlapped regions cannot be sufficiently compensated to remove the brightness non‐uniformity. In this paper, a redundant pixel line design is proposed to remove overlap mura. A 4.82″ AMOLED was successfully fabricated in order to verify the panel design method.
53.4: Off‐Current Control Method to Improve Random Mura of SGS AMOLED Panel
Authors: Choi Deok‐Young , Park Yong‐Sung , Chung Bo‐Yong , Kim Byung‐Hee , Kim Sang Soo
Published: October 2010

A new method to reduce leakage current and a new pixel circuit based on super grain silicon (SGS) backplane are proposed. This method has three strong points. First, it is possible to reduce random mura caused by leakage current. Second, the number of gates to reduce leakage current can be minimized. Finally, it is also possible to decrease the storage capacitor size.
54.2: Direct Printed Electrodes of Transparent Conductive Polymers for Flexible Electronic Papers
Authors: Nishii Masayuki , Iwabuchi Yoshinori , Kotsubo Hidefumi , Sakurai Ryo , Masuda Yoshitomo , Hattori Reiji
Published: October 2010

Direct formation of line‐shaped electrodes consisting of transparent conductive polymer of poly(3, 4‐ethylene dioxythiophene) and poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS) was successfully achieved onto a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate by using screen printing method. Improvement of the components and the viscosity of the conductive materials enabled to pattern the line electrodes in high resolution. A 4.0 in. diagonal and 88 dpi flexible electronic paper display using quick response liquid‐powder technology has been prepared by applying the flexible substrate with the direct printed transparent polymer electrodes.
54.4L: Late‐News Paper: Input‐Output Integrated Flexible Display System
Authors: Yamaguchi Hajime , Hioki Tsuyoshi , Uchikoga Shuichi , Amemiya Isao
Published: October 2010

We have made a prototype of flexible display system integrated with bend‐input function. It consists of flexible display, flexible backlight unit with bending sensor, and MPU connected to PC. Zooming in/out in Google Earth and paging up/down in PDF files have been successfully done by bending the flexible display.
55.1: Development of Low Haze VA Compensation TAC Film and Proposal of Compensation Film Arrangement for Improving CR in VA Panel
Authors: Aminaka Eiichiro , Hayashi Hidenori , Nakayama Hajime , Ishiguro Makoto , Saitoh Yukito , Ito Yoji , Mihayashi Keiji , Kishima Madoka , Tanaka Hideaki
Published: October 2010

We developed a low‐haze VA compensation TAC film for high contrast ratio VA‐LCDs, by reducing micro anisotropic nonuniform structure inside the stretched TAC film. Moreover, we found that the arrangement of our low‐haze VA compensation TAC film as a single compensator on the front side of VA‐LCDs with color filter on TFT arrays realizes more than 10 % higher on‐axis contrast ratio than that of conventional compensation films as double compensator.
55.2: Reduction of Light Leakage by Optical Compensation Film in VA‐LCDs
Authors: Ishiguro Makoto , Sekiguchi Megumi , Saitoh Yukito , Ishihara Makoto , Miyazaki Keiichi , Mihayashi Keiji
Published: October 2010

We investigated a light leakage at normal incidence of a vertically aligned liquid crystal display (VA‐LCD) at black state. The light leakage was strongly affected by the polarization states of light obliquely incident on the cell. Experimental results were explained by a light scattering model of substrates on both sides of liquid crystal layer. Applying this result, we showed the light leakage can be highly reduced by controlling the retardation value of optical compensation film between the cell and a backlight unit.
56.1: Sunlight Readability of Digital Micro Shutter Based Display Technology
Authors: Gandhi Jignesh , Kim Je Hong , Hagood Nesbitt , Steyn Lodewyk , Fijol John , Brosnihan Tim , Lewis Stephen , Fike Gene , Halfman Mark , Payne Richard
Published: October 2010

The Pixtronix DMS™ (Digital Micro Shutter) display technology intrinsically provides exceptional image quality due to its optical architecture, device construction and device operation. This technology, based on MEMS micro‐shutters formed on active TFT backplanes, has enabled the development of color sequential, time division gray scale, direct‐view displays achieving breakthrough performance in wide color gamut, high brightness, high contrast ratio and wide view angles, all at roughly 1/4 the power consumption of competing TFT‐LCD or AMOLED displays of the same size and luminance. In addition, DMS™ technology also presents very good sunlight readability in transflective color modes. This readability can be attributed to reflective properties of the DMS™ optical architecture. This reflective nature enhances viewing characteristics of transmissive color modes in high ambient lighting conditions. The reflective performance is obtained without compromising transmissive mode performance as is typically the case in some of the existing display technologies. This paper will explain the performance of DMS™ display in reflective and transflective modes under high ambient lighting conditions.
56.2: A New Reflective‐type Transparent Display Using Cholesteric Liquid Crystal
Authors: Yeon Jeongho , Lee Joo‐hyung , Yoon Jun‐Bo , Park Jinseol , Kang Daeseung
Published: October 2010

In this paper, we report on a novel transparent display system using cholesteric liquid crystal (ChLC) with a dynamic LC blind back panel. The proposed ChLC transparent display operates in three modes: color, black, and transparent. It shows 45.6% and 4.6% of the transmittance for transparent and black modes, respectively, and reflects specific wavelengths of incident light, showing vivid and clear natural colors in the color mode. The configuration, operation principle, and fabrication process of the proposed ChLC transparent display are shown. Also, the fabricated ChLC transparent displays having different colors were demonstrated in each operation mode.
56.3: A Charge Trapping Suppression Method for Quick Response Electrowetting Displays
Authors: Chen Yi‐Cheng , Chiu Yung‐Hsiang , Lee Wei‐Yen , Liang Chao‐Chiun
Published: October 2010

To achieve quick response electrowetting displays for video applications, the charge trapping phenomenon should be well coped with. for this purpose, an asymmetrical driving concept is proposed and a charge‐trapping suppression method is developed in this paper. The performance of the proposed method was investigated and satisfactory results were obtained.
57.3: Invited Paper: Head‐worn Displays ‐ Lens Design
Authors: Rolland Jannick P. , Kaya Ilhan , Thompson Kevin P. , Cakmakci Ozan
Published: October 2010

There is a growing and sometimes critical need to ubiquitously process, visualize, and merge information with the world around us, in real‐time. This need has created a renewed interest in see‐ through (as opposed to look‐at) augmented mobile viewing systems that are compact, low cost, and convenient, with resolution that approaches that of the human visual system extending into the peripheral field of view. We will review key technology paths that build on historical highlights and discuss some market barriers to the emergence of eyewear format head‐ worn displays (HWDs). Finally, we will focus on freeform approaches and feature emerging solutions in freeform combiners that build on a novel description of freeform surfaces and provide a key competitive advantage in the ability to separate the see‐ through scene and the user by a seamless thin plastic window.
58.2: Spatial‐Temporal Hybrid Multi‐View 3D Display
Authors: Wei Ching‐Wen , Hsu Ching‐Yi , Huang Yi‐Pai
Published: October 2010

A 4‐directional temporal backlight was developed. Combined with a 240 Hz LCD and a front multi‐views parallax barrier, a spatial‐ temporal hybrid multi‐view 3D display was demonstrated for large panels with wide viewing angle but still kept acceptable 3D resolution and light efficiency.
58.4: Distinguished Paper: Control of Subjective Depth on 3‐D Displays by a Quantified Monocular Depth Cue
Authors: Takahashi Shuichi , Ishikawa Takanori , Hyodo Yasuhide , Ohashi Isao , Shimpuku Yoshihide , Matsubara Kazuya , Matsumiya Kazumichi , Shioiri Satoshi
Published: October 2010

This paper considers the architecture and the effectiveness of new algorithms which control the subjective depth on 3‐D displays by modulating the contrast of stereoscopic images on the basis of a quantified monocular depth cue. The results suggest that the algorithms will allow people to feel a highly realistic sensation.
59.1: Invited Paper: On the Recent Progress of LED Lighting in Japan
Authors: Nishimura Kiyoshi , Shimizu Keiichi , Shibahara Yusuke , Higuchi Kazunari , Hisayasu Takeshi , Toda Masahiro
Published: October 2010

The widespread introduction of LED lighting is expected to reduce greenhouse gas emissions because white LEDs will be the most efficient light sources in the near future. This paper describes trends in emission of greenhouse gases in Japan and compares the CO2 emission of LED lighting with conventional lighting.
7.4: Extended Kerr Effect in a Polymer‐Stabilized Blue‐Phase Liquid Crystal Composite
Authors: Yan Jin , Cheng Hui‐Chuan , Gauza Sebastian , Li Yan , Jiao Meizi , Rao Linghui , Wu Shin‐Tson
Published: October 2010

As the electric field increases, the induced birefringence of a polymerstabilized bluephase liquid crystal gradually deviates from the conventional Kerr effect and finally saturates. A new convergence model, named extended Kerr effect, is proposed to explain this saturation phenomenon. This model will give a more accurate account on the electrooptic effect of the emerging blue phase LCDs.
59.4: LED Drivers: From Displays to General Lighting
Authors: Keene Michael , Kretzmer Michael , Upton Graham
Published: October 2010

The LED has come a long way from its humble beginnings as a simple indicator light to the plethora of applications for which it is used today. Market analysis suggests that it is still early in the LED's “coming out party” and that the next few years will see numerous industries greatly transformed by the introduction of today's higher efficacy, lower cost LEDs. Those of us in the display industry watched as LEDs slowly infiltrated some of the smaller display backlights and recently spread quickly to the medium and larger sized displays. As the LED is adopted into different mediums, special attention should be paid to the way in which the LEDs are driven in order to maximize total value. Although great advances have been made in IC and LED driver design; there is no one size fits all LED driver. Today's most savvy designers and integrators let their application needs and functional requirements dictate the best type of driver to install in their application. This paper will highlight some of the standard topologies currently employed to drive OEM LED displays and discuss some of the major hurdles that inhibit a generic backlighting driver from being implemented directly into general lighting.
60.1: Invited Paper: AMLCD and AMOLEDs: How do They Compare for Green Energy Efficiency?
Authors: Hack Mike , Weaver Michael S. , Brown Julie J. , Chang Lee‐Hsun , Wu Chih‐Kang , Lin Yu‐Hsin
Published: October 2010

In this paper we will review the power consumption of both AMLCD and AMOLED display technologies, outline roadmaps for future power savings, and discuss the technologies required to implement these savings. We will also analyze fundamental limits to the power consumption of these flat panel displays.
60.4: Distinguished Paper: A Fully Integrated 1″ AMOLED Display Using Current Feedback Based on a Five Mask LTPS CMOS Process
Authors: Schalberger Patrick , Herrmann Marcus , Hoehla Steffen , Fruehauf Norbert
Published: October 2010

Based on our five mask LTPS CMOS process we have developed a fully integrated 1″ AMOLED demonstrator with current feedback pixel circuits. One LTPS operational amplifier per column is used together with switched capacitors for digital analog conversion and current control.
61.1:Invited Paper: ZnO Thin Film Transistors and Circuits on Flexible Polymeric Substrates by Low‐Temperature PEALD
Authors: Zhao Dalong A. , Mourey Devin A. , Fok Ho Him R. , Li Yuanyuan V. , Jackson Thomas N.
Published: October 2010

We report using a novel, weak oxidant, plasma‐enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) process at 200 °C to fabricate stable, high mobility ZnO thin film transistors (TFTs) and fast circuits on glass and polyimide substrates. Weak oxidant PEALD provides a simple, fast deposition process that results in uniform, conformai semiconductor and dielectric layers and enhancement‐mode MOSFETs from uncompensated films. Highly conformai PEALD Al2O3layers provide a high yield dielectric on rough plastic substrates for both PEALD ZnO TFTs and cross‐overs. Our PEALD ZnO TFTs have field‐effect mobility of >20 cm2/V·s on polyimide substrates with excellent bias stress stability. TFTs biased continuously for 40,000s showed <50 mV threshold voltage shift. We also report fast PEALD ZnO circuits on polyimide substrates with propagation delay <20 ns/stage for VDD= 18 V.
61.2: Invited Paper: High Performance Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid Plastic Substrate for Flexible Display and Electronics
Authors: Liu Jia‐Ming , Lee Tzong Ming , Wen Chun‐Hsiang , Leu Chyi‐Ming
Published: October 2010

An inorganic dominated silica/polyimide (PI) hybrid film has been successfully developed for the fabrication of flexible AM‐OLED. The inorganic‐organic hybrid film was achieved in roll type with a variety of attractive properties such as low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE, 33 ppm/°C), high transmittance (within the wavelength range of 400 to 700 nm), excellent flexibility and high Yang's modulus.
61.3: Amorphous Silicon TFT Technology for Rollable OLED Displays
Authors: Wagner Sigurd , Han Lin , Hekmatshoar Bahman , Song Katherine , Mandlik Prashant , Cherenack Kunigunde H. , Sturm James C.
Published: October 2010

Amorphous silicon thin‐film transistors were designed for roll‐out OLED screens in hand‐held devices. Separate TFTs reached a saturation current of 6 μA/square, an output current half‐life extrapolating to 1,000 years, and were rolled to 1 mm diameter. All three parameters set new world records.
63.1: Invited Paper: The Impact of Materials and System Design Choices on Reflective Display Quality for Mobile Device Applications
Authors: Cummings William
Published: October 2010

The use of reflective displays in mobile devices requires manufacturing solutions that preserve the performance advantages of sunlight readability and low power consumption. This paper will review how current manufacturing techniques and the use of subsystems such as touch screens impact the quality of the display. We will highlight areas of potential improvement.
63.2: Single Layer Multi‐Color Electrowetting Display by Using Ink Jet Printing Technology and Fluid Motion Prediction with Simulation
Authors: Kuo Shu‐Wei , Lo Kuo‐Long , Cheng Wei‐Yuan , Lee Hsin‐Hung , Tsai Yu‐Hsiang , Cheng Pei‐Pei , Ku Yun‐Sheng , Chiang Hsin‐Jung , Su Pei‐Ju , Shiu Jyh‐Wen , Huang Yu‐Sheng , Chen Chin‐Yao
Published: October 2010

For outdoor multimedia device, electrowetting display (EWD) is one of the potential technologies. In this paper, we evaluated the single layer multi‐color EW device by using various colored oils without adopting color filter. The oils were dosed into the pixel by using ink‐jet printing (UP) technique. for colored oils, in order to improve the color saturation of EWD panel, we used mixed solvent to increase the solubility of dyes. Then, by using UP technique, a single layer multi‐color EW device was successfully fabricated and the optical property had been evaluated. Also, to improve the reliability of fluid motion, a simulation named FLUENT was first adopted to predict and realize the fluid behavior under different electric force.
63.4: A Monolithic Elastomer Substrate with Lens Array for Three‐Dimensional Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Kim Yeun‐Tae , Hong Jong‐Ho , Na Jun‐Hee , Kim Yunhee , Lee Byoungho , Lee Sin‐Doo
Published: October 2010

We present a new concept of a monolithic elastomer substrate for a three‐dimensional (3D) liquid crystal display (LCD) based on an integral imaging method. Both a lens array and columnar spacers are incorporated in a single elastomer substrate through an imprinting process. Our approach would be useful for cost‐effective production of 3D LCDs with enhanced portability and durability compared to conventional types with two glass substrates.
64.4L: Late‐News Paper: A New Quick‐Adjust Head Mounted Display System
Authors: Eccles David A. , Melzer James E. , Hendrick Wyatt L. (Lee)
Published: October 2010

A new SXGA OLED head mounted display (HMD) has been developed which can be easily and quickly fit to the user. Tradeoffs were studied to optimize the optical display performance with cost to meet the needs of simulation and training applications.
65.4: High Brightness LED Based Projector with NTSC 120% Wide Color Gamut
Authors: Cheng Yao‐Chien , Tsai Feng‐Chuan , Wang Alex , Chiu Huan‐Ping
Published: October 2010

A high brightness LED home theatre projector can achieve up to 870 ANSI lumens with NTSC 120% wide color gamut (equivalent of 1150 lumens in data projector with the same design concept) have been developed. The high brightness is achieved by using the optimized optical design and liquid cooling thermal solution. The optical designs in consideration are the light collection optical system and the lens group between mixing rod and DMD. The light collection system is optimized to obtain 90% coupling efficiency into the mixing rod. The lens group is designed to match the DMD with F number of 2.4 and have optical efficiency of almost 97%. Furthermore, the liquid cooling thermal solution is capable of keeping the LEDs well under 25 °C of the junction temperature limit. Both optical design and thermal solution will be discussed in the paper.
65.5L: Late‐News Paper: Casio Projectors with Hybrid LED/Laser/Phosphor Illumination
Authors: Romeo Frank
Published: October 2010

Casio has developed the first data projector with a hybrid LED/laser capable of achieving an image brightness of more than 2,000 lumens, equivalent to a mercury lamp but with lower total cost of ownership and up to 10 times longer lamp life.
66.2: Invited Paper: Remote Phosphor for Future LED Backlight Applications
Authors: Chang Wen‐Chi , Huang Hsin‐Tao , Tsai Chuang‐Chuang , Huang Yi‐Pai , Shieh Han‐Ping D.
Published: October 2010

A novel LED illumination for TFT‐LCD and general lighting was demonstrated. This configuration is achieved by utilizing a remote YAG:Ce3+ phosphor converter (RPC) to accompany blue LED chips (457 nm wavelength) array on a board. In this study, the experiment results indicate that the proposed illumination configuration can achieve high luminance efficiency, slim configuration and low color deviation for TFT‐LCD backlight and lighting applications. Additionally, the proposed configuration is low‐cost, can be manufactured quickly, and can be mass‐ produced economically.
8.3: Visual Modeling of Upscaled Image Discrimination
Authors: Speigle Jon M. , Messing Dean S. , Daly Scott
Published: October 2010

This paper describes the application of a visual model to the spatial upsampling problem. The visual model includes an updated optical pointspread function that is adapted to a particular display's spectral emission characteristics. The visual model identifies locations of visible differences between high resolution groundtruth and 2X upsampled images, and allows quantifying the degree of difference between competing algorithms. Subjectivelydetermined image difference thresholds are compared to model predictions for both upsampsled Bluray and highresolution still images.
The Relationship of Trauma to Mental Disorders Among Trafficked and Sexually Exploited Girls and Women
Authors: Hossain Mazeda , Zimmerman Cathy , Abas Melanie , Light Miriam , Watts Charlotte
Published: October 2010

Objectives. We explored the association between traumatic events and mental health among girls and women trafficked for sexual exploitation.

Methods. We used subscales of the Brief Symptom Inventory and Harvard Trauma Questionnaire to interview 204 trafficked girls and women in 7 posttrafficking service settings. Multivariate logistic regression models based on interview data were fitted for depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) separately and adjusted for pretrafficking abuse to determine impact of trafficking-related trauma exposures.

Results. Injuries and sexual violence during trafficking were associated with higher levels of PTSD, depression, and anxiety. Sexual violence was associated with higher levels of PTSD (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 5.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3, 25.4). More time in trafficking was associated with higher levels of depression and anxiety (AOR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.1, 4.5). More time since trafficking was associated with lower levels of depression and anxiety but not of PTSD.

Conclusions. Our findings inform the emerging field of mental health care for trafficked persons by highlighting the importance of assessing severity and duration of trafficking-related abuses and need for adequate recovery time. Therapies for anxiety, PTSD, and mood disorders in low-resource settings should be evaluated.
Improving the Health and Mental Health of People Living With HIV/AIDS: 12-Month Assessment of a Behavioral Intervention in Thailand
Authors: Li Li , Lee Sung-Jae , Jiraphongsa Chuleeporn , Khumtong Siwaporn , Iamsirithaworn Sopon , Thammawijaya Panithee , Rotheram-Borus Mary Jane
Published: October 2010

Objectives. We examined findings from a randomized controlled intervention trial designed to improve the quality of life of people living with HIV in Thailand.

Methods. A total of 507 people living with HIV were recruited from 4 district hospitals in northern and northeastern Thailand and were randomized to an intervention group (n = 260) or a standard care group (n = 247). Computer-assisted personal interviews were administered at baseline and at 6 and 12 months.

Results. At baseline, the characteristics of participants in the intervention and standard care conditions were comparable. The mixed-effects models used to assess the impact of the intervention revealed significant improvements in general health (B = 2.51; P = .001) and mental health (B = 1.57; P = .02) among participants in the intervention condition over 12 months and declines among those in the standard care condition.

Conclusions. Our results demonstrate that a behavioral intervention was successful in improving the quality of life of people living with HIV. Such interventions must be performed in a systematic, collaborative manner to ensure their cultural relevance, sustainability, and overall success.
Discrimination and Adjustment Among Chinese American Adolescents: Family Conflict and Family Cohesion as Vulnerability and Protective Factors
Authors: Juang Linda P. , Alvarez Alvin A.
Published: October 2010

Objectives. We examined racial/ethnic discrimination experiences of Chinese American adolescents to determine how discrimination is linked to poor adjustment (i.e., loneliness, anxiety, and somatization) and how the context of the family can buffer or exacerbate these links.

Methods. We collected survey data from 181 Chinese American adolescents and their parents in Northern California. We conducted hierarchical regression analyses to examine main effects and 2-way interactions of perceived discrimination with family conflict and family cohesion.

Results. Discrimination was related to poorer adjustment in terms of loneliness, anxiety, and somatization, but family conflict and cohesion modified these relations. Greater family conflict exacerbated the negative effects of discrimination, and greater family cohesion buffered the negative effects of discrimination.

Conclusions. Our findings highlight the importance of identifying family-level moderators to help adolescents and their families handle experiences of discrimination.
Reductions in Cigarette Smoking and Acute Myocardial Infarction Mortality in Jefferson County, Texas
Authors: McAlister Alfred L. , Huang Philip , Ramirez Amelie G. , Harrist Ronald B. , Fonseca Vincent P.
Published: October 2010

After litigation against the tobacco industry ended in a settlement, the Texas legislature funded pilot projects to reduce tobacco use in selected areas of the state. Subsequent telephone surveys showed that well-funded activities were successful in reducing population rates of self-reported cigarette smoking. We present evidence that the reduction in smoking promptly led to lower rates of death from acute myocardial infarctions.