bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment of UTIs in Infants <2 Months: A Living Systematic Review
Authors: Nama Nassr , Donken Robine , Pawliuk Colleen , Leache Leire , Sadarangani Manish , Carwana Matthew ,   THE INSIGHTSCOPE TEAM
Published: September 2021

CONTEXT

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common bacterial infections in infants <2 months of age. However, there are no clear guidelines on the appropriate duration of antibiotics in this age group.

OBJECTIVE

In this living systematic review, we compared different durations of parenteral antibiotics (≤3 vs >3 days) in neonates and young infants (<2 months) with UTIs. The secondary objective was to compare different durations of total antibiotic courses (≤10 vs >10 days).

DATA SOURCES

MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Google Scholar, and gray literature, up to March 2, 2021.

STUDY SELECTION

Citations were screened in triplicate by using a crowdsourcing methodology, to identify randomized controlled trials and observational studies.

DATA EXTRACTION

Data were extracted by 2 crowd members and verified by an expert investigator. Outcomes were pooled via random-effects models.

RESULTS

A total of 10 334 citations were screened, and 12 eligible studies were identified. A total of 59 of 3480 (1.7% [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3% to 2.2%]) infants had a UTI recurrence within 30 days after short parenteral treatment (≤3 days), and 47 of 1971 (2.4% [95% CI: 1.8% to 3.2%]) after longer courses. The pooled adjusted odds ratio for UTI recurrence with a short versus long duration of parenteral antibiotics was 1.02 (95% CI: 0.64 to 1.61; P = .95; n = 5451). A total of 5 studies assessed the risk of recurrence on the basis of the total duration of antibiotics (≤10 vs >10 days) with no significant differences (pooled odds ratio: 1.29 [95% CI: 0.45 to 3.66; P = .63; n = 491).

CONCLUSIONS

On the basis of retrospective studies and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation level low evidence, short and long duration of parenteral antibiotics were associated with a similar risk of UTI recurrence in infants <2 months.
Women’s Wellness Through Equity and Leadership (WEL): A Program Evaluation
Authors: Kelly Erin Hayes , Miskimen Theresa , Rivera Florence , Peterson Laura E. , Hingle Susan Thompson
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

The Women’s Wellness through Equity and Leadership (WEL) program was developed as a collaboration between 6 major medical associations in the United States. The goal was to contribute to the creation of equitable work environments for women physicians. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the pilot implementation of WEL.

METHODS

Participants included a diverse group of 18 early career to midcareer women physicians from across medical specialties, 3 from each partner organization. WEL was developed as an 18-month program with 3 series focused on wellness, equity, and leadership and included monthly virtual and in-person meetings. After institutional board review approval, a mixed-methods evaluation design was incorporated, which included postseries and postprogram surveys and in-depth telephone interviews.

RESULTS

Participants delineated several drivers of program success, including peer support and/or networks; interconnectedness between the topics of wellness, equity, and leadership; and diversity of participants and faculty. Areas for improvement included more opportunities to connect with peers and share progress and more structured mentorship. Regarding program impact, participants reported increased knowledge and behavior change because of their participation.

CONCLUSIONS

This longitudinal, cohort initiative resulted from a successful collaboration between 6 medical associations. Evaluation findings suggest that providing opportunities for women physicians to connect with and support each other while building knowledge and skills can be an effective way to advance wellness, equity, and leadership for women in medicine.
Pediatric Spinal Cord Diseases
Authors: Lu Victor M. , Niazi Toba N.
Published: September 2021

Spinal cord diseases in pediatric patients are highly variable in terms of presentation, pathology, and prognosis. Not only do they differ with respect to each other but so too with their adult equivalents. Some of the most common diseases are autoimmune (ie, multiple sclerosis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and acute transverse myelitis), congenital (ie, dysraphism with spina bifida, split cord malformation, and tethered cord syndrome), tumor (ie, juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma, ependymoma, and hem-angioblastoma), and vascular (ie, cavernous malformations, arteriovenous malformations, and dural arteriovenous fistulas) in nature. These each require their own niche treatment paradigm and prognosis. Furthermore, presentation of different spinal cord diseases in children can be difficult to discern without epidemiologic and imaging data. Interpretation of these data is crucial to facilitating a timely and accurate diagnosis. Correspondingly, the aim of this review was to highlight the most pertinent features of the most common spinal cord diseases in the pediatric population.
Contribuições do pensamento de Georgescu-Roegen e Hans Jonas para a Educação em Ciências e Tecnologia
Authors: Campestrini Binder Iara Maitê , Grimes de Souza Ana Paula
Published: September 2021

A maneira de agir dos seres humanos no mundo tem provocado mudanças na natureza e no comportamento social a tal ponto, que o ideal de um desenvolvimento sustentável torna-se insustentável. Para sensibilizar um olhar sistêmico e reflexivo sobre a condição humana, o ser e estar neste planeta que é finito, este estudo objetiva problematizar uma relação possível entre o princípio responsabilidade de Hans Jonas, as reflexões econômica-entrópica de Georgescu-Rogen e a Educação em Ciências e Tecnologia (ECT). Subsidia este estudo, uma pesquisa bibliográfica que fornece as bases teóricas e informativas para fazer com que as Ciências da Natureza, a Economia e a Filosofia se encontrem dialogicamente com vistas à conscientização e à preservação das diferentes formas de vida, da natureza e da própria humanidade. Tais reflexões voltam-se à ECT, fomentando a interdisciplinaridade e a visão holística tanto na formação de professores quanto nas áreas técnicas e tecnológicas, das ciências da natureza e humanas.
Substitution of milk allergen ingredient by blood plasma powder in custard with different sweeteners
Authors: Csurka Tamás , Szücs Fanni , Csehi Barbara , Friedrich László Ferenc , Pásztor-Huszár Klára
Published: August 2021

Animal blood is a by-product, which can be utilized in a value-adding way instead of being wasted. Allergen substitution is a good possibility especially for a substance that is difficult to substitute, such as milk. Blood plasma is a fluid with high protein content without blood (iron) taste and colour, so it is similar to milk in several ways. While investigating the substitution of milk, it is advisable to investigate the substitution of sugar as well because a lot of consumers who exclude milk from their diet find the glycaemic index and energy content of foods important. The investigated model food is a simple, homogeneous matrix: vanilla custard with milk and with and without sugar and vanilla custard with blood plasma and with and without sugar. Colour, pH and rheological attributes of custard sample groups were measured. According to the results the used protein source as well as sweetener significantly determine the colour, pH and texture of the final product. However, colour and pH are easy to change with other components (food colours, acidity regulators) and the effect of milk and sugar substitution on rheological attributes might not be possible to detect without instrumental analysis.
A inteligência emocional nas práticas educativas: uma abordagem sobre educação emocional e sua contribuição para o desenvolvimento integral do aluno
Authors: Sagitário Matheus Firmino , Coelho Patricia Margarida Farias
Published: September 2021

A partir da implementação da BNCC em 2018, temos a presença da inteligência emocional no contexto da educação brasileira. Neste estudo consideramos, como hipótese, que o desenvolvimento da Inteligência Emocional auxilia os alunos e potencializa suas relações consigo e com o outro no mundo. Temos três objetivos, a saber: (i) apresentar o que é a inteligência emocional, (ii) verificar a importância da prática da Educação Emocional no desenvolvimento do aluno conforme as competências socioemocionais explicitadas na BNCC e (iii) discutir a implicação da Educação Emocional na prática. O que justifica essa escolha é o fato de que lidamos com inúmeros desafios e conflitos nas escolas, situações estas que ocorrem em sua maioria por falta de gerenciamento das emoções. O arcabouço teórico que sustenta este trabalho são os estudos de Pimenta (1997), de Bisquerra (2009)  e de Goleman (2012) . A metodologia desse trabalho corresponde à bibliográfica, conforme aponta Gil (2002). O resultado alcançado nesta pesquisa foi o entendimento sobre a importância Inteligência Emocional e sua aplicação na educação, na formação de professores e nas práticas em sala de aula. Dessa forma evidenciamos que as competências socioemocionais, como apresentadas na BNCC, compreendem as mudanças do mundo contemporâneo e contextualizam com a realidade e as necessidades atuais dos alunos, visando o desenvolvimento integral do sujeito.
Narração de histórias bilíngues: análise do espetáculo teatral Next Station
Authors: Coelho Patricia Margarida Farias , Izidio da Costa Renato
Published: September 2021

O objetivo deste estudo é explorar o conceito da narração bilíngue – inglês e português – em contação de histórias, especificamente do espetáculo bilíngue Next Station, apresentando as etapas desde a criação até a execução. O arcabouço teórico que sustenta este trabalho são as pesquisas de Abramovich (1991), Stanislavski (1994) e Busatto (2003, 2006).A metodologia é descritiva, partindo do pressuposto de Gil (2008), que vê na pesquisa descritiva a exposição de resultados por meio de análises e observações. Os resultados alcançados evidenciam que, a partir da encenação, ocorre a internalização da língua estrangeira de forma lúdica, conforme proposto pelo espetáculo. Aspectos técnicos, cenografia e adereços contribuirão na facilitação, execução e no entendimento desse ato. Nesta pesquisa, tendo como foco a análise do espetáculo bilíngue Next Station, propomos os objetivos a saber: (i) verificar o processo de narrar histórias; (ii) compreender como é feita a narração bilíngue usando as línguas portuguesa e inglesa no espetáculo apresentado; (iii) descrever etapas da montagem do espetáculo Next Station; e (iv) perceber contribuições pedagógicas, artísticas e linguísticas que o projeto possa oferecer. O intuito é o de que ele seja escalonável-replicável.
Teoria do monomito - uma possibilidade de trabalho com projeto de vida de adolescentes
Authors: Alexandre Kethi Cristina Do Rosário Squecola , Bálsamo Simone , Tardeli Denise D´Auria
Published: September 2021

Este artigo aborda a proposição da Teoria do Monomito para um trabalho com adolescentes, envolvendo o Projeto de Vida de cada jovem e as competências socioemocionais da BNCC de 2018. A jornada do herói épico é muito eficaz na identificação direta com adolescentes que se encontram em um momento de suas vidas no qual devem fazer escolhas e tomar decisões, desenvolvimento um plano de vida que envolva uma meta de felicidade e participação social e, portanto, precisam de ferramentas que lhes proporcionem um percurso adequado. As competências socioemocionais sugeridas nos currículos escolares podem ser constructos importantes no processo de desenvolvimento dos adolescentes e desta forma, um trabalho nas escolas de Ensino Médio que ajudem o jovem a planejar se futuro e estabelecer uma meta significativa para sua vida é a sugestão que apresentamos nesta leitura.
Business Entrepreneurship And Education
Authors: Pereira Pedro Álvaro Correia , Medina Irene García , Coelho Patricia Margarida Farias
Published: September 2021

This study is a review of the literature regarding business entrepreneurship and education. The main aim is to study the social and educational factors affecting the creation of self-employment for young people as a contribution to the development of local entrepreneurship, reducing unemployment and leveraging economic development. Of the various social influencers, it was important to understand the role of the family, especially of the parents, in motivating and sustaining the creation of one's own job and in the actions of entrepreneurship. In the same sense, at the educational level, to perceive the consequences of access to new resources that expand and support knowledge and skills acquisition useful for creating one's own job and reducing risk aversion of business activities. Finally, to understand the role of endogenous factors such as intelligence and individual motivation in the pursuit of entrepreneurship activities and their relationship with social and educational influencers.
Entre a liderança espiritual e a liderança servidora: a presença da espiritualidade nas ações de experientes CEOs
Authors: Soela Vanderlei , Carvalho Neto Antônio Moreira de , Diniz Daniela Martins
Published: September 2021

Este artigo apresenta resultados de estudo destinado a investigar o lugar e a influência da espiritualidade no exercício da liderança. Para tanto, foi necessário conhecer as práticas de experientes executivos em posição de liderança e a presença da espiritualidade em suas ações, bem como investigar características do modo de liderança desses CEOs, verificando se estão presentes elementos da liderança servidora nas ações desses líderes. Para tanto, foram conduzidas entrevistas com doze executivos conhecidos publicamente no cenário brasileiro e/ou mundial, com notória trajetória em liderar organizações e pessoas de diferentes nacionalidades e culturas. Foi possível perceber nas falas dos CEOs entrevistados a presença dos principais fundamentos tanto da abordagem da liderança servidora, quanto da liderança espiritual. Foi possível notar também como eles consideram tais características fundamentais para o exercício de uma liderança mais efetiva. Os dados corroboram ainda a noção de que a espiritualidade é algo presente na vida e na prática dos CEOs entrevistados. Porém, na maioria das vezes, o tema é apresentado de forma inominada (sabe-se da presença de algo superior, mas não se sabe nomear); por vezes escondido (no silêncio da experiência de cada CEO); e até negligenciado (não se presta muita atenção a tais elementos, ainda que existam).
Significados do consumo na propaganda em datas comemorativas
Authors: Scharf Edson Roberto , Belz Elton , Silva Ana Cláudia Rutzen
Published: September 2021

Este estudo trata do comportamento do consumidor e do consumo como representação social. Basicamente, pretende examinar como a mensagem e a expressão presentes em comerciais de empresas anunciantes diferem entre si em uma mesma data comemorativa, a partir da perspectiva da significação do consumo. Utilizou tipologia explicativa quanto aos seus fins e documental quanto aos seus meios, adotando a técnica de Análise do Discurso e preceitos de Lazović (2012) para análise de expressão e mensagem. Como resultados, tanto a mensagem quanto a maneira de se expressar se mostraram muito diferentes entre as organizações. Apesar da data comemorativa ser uma espécie de homenagem a alguém ou pela passagem de algum evento, empresas adotam a comunicação afetiva enquanto outras se utilizam do espaço para se comunicar comercialmente, sem ressignificação do consumo.
Pesquisa Científica em Inovação no Brasil: Análise na Base de Dados Spell
Authors: Ganzer Paula Patricia , Chais Cassiane , Fortes Valter Marcos Monteiro , Da Silva Oberdan Teles , Radaelli Adrieli Alves Pereira , Matte Juliana , Miri Daniel Hank , Welchen Vandoir , Olea Pelayo Munhoz
Published: September 2021

Esse estudo teve por objetivo verificar as características da pesquisa científica em Inovação no Brasil. Este trabalho possui natureza exploratória e utilizou a técnica de análise sistemática.  A pesquisa foi baseada em fontes secundárias a partir da base de dados Scientific Periodicals Electronic Library- SPELL. O período analisado contemplou o período entre 1995 a outubro de 2018, mês de realização da pesquisa. Para a busca, utilizou-se a palavra-chave inovação em título do documento, resumo e palavras-chave. Foram encontrados 401 artigos, sendo validados pelo critério de filtros 353, que compuseram a base de dados dessa pesquisa. Os resultados evidenciaram que os temas que emergiram da análise dos artigos gestão da inovação e inovação tecnológica possuem maior índice de pesquisa. Dentre os artigos que fazem referência à metodologia empregada predominam os artigos de natureza qualitativa descritiva, bem como o paradigma não positivista.
President Andrew Johnson Impeached: The First Presidential Impeachment in American History
Authors:   Kursk State University, Alentieva Tatiana
Published: September 2021

Introduction. The article is devoted to the mechanism of impeachment procedure on the example of the first practical application of it in the history of the U.S. in relation to President Andrew Johnson. This created a necessary precedent in the further political struggle between the branches of government and has made the study of the history of the first presidential impeachment an urgent problem. Impeachment cases were brought against six subsequent presidents: Cleveland, Hoover, Truman, Nixon, Reagan, and G.W. Bush in the lower house of Congress. W. Clinton and D. Trump’s impeachment was discussed in the Senate, but was not successful. Methods and Materials. The article is based on materials from the American press as well as cartoons. The novelty of the source base is in combination of verbal and visual materials. The author used theoretical concepts developed within the framework of interdisciplinarity. The problem-chronological approach was the methodological basis of the research. In American historiography, Johnson is regarded as the “worst” President in U.S. history. However, the debate over the legitimacy of the first impeachment of a President in U.S. history has not subsided until now. In American studies, the impeachment of Andrew Johnson has not been specifically considered. Analysis. The conflict between the President and Congress was caused by the Reconstruction policy. The confrontation between the two branches of government led to impeachment. The President was charged in connection with the dismissal of Secretary of War E. Stanton, which was a violation of the Tenure of Office Act. The article examines how the impeachment procedure was implemented by Congress and why it failed. Results. Despite the failure, the first impeachment of a President in the history of the United States showed the effectiveness of the “checks” and “balances” mechanism in implementing the principle of separation of powers. It has become a deterrent to the relationship between the President and Congress.
Certain Attitudes Towards Byzantium As Manifested in the Russian Historiosophical Literature of the Early and Middle 19th Century (Ivan Kireyevsky, Petr Chaadaev, Alexander Pushkin, Arist Kunik)
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, Biriukov Dmitry
Published: September 2021

Introduction. I expose in Ivan Kireyevsky a specific attitude to the Byzantium, which I qualify as byzantinocentric. Methods and materials. I use the historical method. Materials are Russian Historical and Publicistic Literature. Analysis. In the course of research, I identify two opposite lines in terms of perception of the image of Byzantium, manifested in the circle of Kireyevsky. One of these lines may be called anti-Byzantine, while the other Pro-Byzantine. The first line goes back to the anti-Byzantine message inherent for the age of Enlightenment. It found its expression in the “Lectures for the philosophy of history” by Georg Hegel, which became known in Russia soon after its publication. In this study, I point out in Kireyevsky the traces of an implicit polemic with Hegel’s anti-Byzantinism and reveal the context of this polemic in Russian literature. I find such a context in Arist Kunik’s papers. Results. This anti-Byzantine line is clearly seen in Petr Chaadaev, for whom the theme of the relationship of Russian civilization with the Byzantine was sensitive, because Chaadaev considered such a relationship very negatively. This view is the opposite of Kireyevsky’s one, for whom this relationship is also obvious, but Kireyevsky perceives it as happy. Alexander Pushkin – a close acquaintance of both Chaadaev and Kireyevsky (in pre-Slavophil period of the latter) – also recognizes this kinship and, like later Kireyevsky, perceives it as happy and beneficial for Russia (i.e. the both share the Pro-Byzantine line). At the same time, Pushkin’s view assumes freedom and the absence of determinism of Russia by Byzantium, which is inherent to Chaadaev’s position. The difference between Pushkin and Kireyevsky in this respect is that Kireyevsky’s byzantinocentrism includes the idea of a higher spiritual connection between Byzantium and Russia, whereas Pushkin leaves Russia free from Byzantium in this respect as well.
Political and Communicative Interaction in Public Space Between the Russian Government and the Russian Orthodox Church: Directions and Priorities
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Drinova Elena
Published: September 2021

Introduction. The aim of the work was to analyze the leading directions of interaction between the state and religious authorities in the modern public space. It is shown that the result of this interaction was the politicization of the Russian Orthodox Church (hereinafter ROC). It is proved that in recent decades the Church continues to exert direct and indirect influence on the state, which, in turn, uses its spiritual potential to stabilize the socio-political system. Methods and materials. Institutional and modernization approaches were used as the research methodology. Within the framework of the institutional approach, an analysis of the interaction of government structures and the ROC in the context of adaptation, cooperation and competition in the course of democratic transformations in the country was carried out. Within the framework of the modernization approach J. Haber formulates the fundamental thesis on the increasing role of religion in a secular (modernizing) society and its strengthening in the national state. Analysis. It is noted that in the 1990s the leading direction of interaction between the state and the ROC was exclusively the political sphere, which was associated with the democratization of public life, the involvement of the clergy in political modernization. At the beginning of the 21st century the state proclaimed a course towards depoliticizing the institution of religion. The activities of political religious parties were prohibited. Subsequently, the ruling United Russia party began to focus on mutually beneficial partnership with the ROC, priority was given to the patriotic education of young people. The result of joint activities of the Main Military-Political Directorate of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and the ROC was the formation of a new type of soldier, a bearer of spiritual and moral values, a statesman, defender of the Fatherland. The ROC, as the dominant religious figure in the public space, actively participates in the domestic and foreign policy of the country, challenging other confessional structures. The highest officials of the state and the church share the common values of conservatism, but at the same time, each of them defends its own interests, which initiates the limitation of their mutual support. Results. The state power, together with the ROC, solves internal political problems, including the formation of spiritual, moral, patriotic constants in modern Russian society. In the context of the sanctions policy, the activity of the ROC as a conductor of the “soft power” of the state contributes to the improvement of the countrys image. The result of the interaction of state and religious structures is the formation of a new ideological paradigm based on the principles of religious ethics, conservative values, as well as national identity, patriotism.
Discriminative Economic Policy of the Russian Government Towards the Catholic Nobility of Belarus (Second Half of the 19th Century – the Beginning of the 20th Century)
Authors:   Belarusian State Pedagogical University named after Maxim Tank, Zhitko Anatolij
Published: September 2021

Introduction. The upper class of Belarus within the Russian Empire attracted the attention of researchers. However, the restrictive economic policy of the Russian government towards the nobility of the Roman Catholic faith has not been the subject of special study. The aim of the article is to identify the main aspects of the discriminative policy of the autocracy against the Catholic nobility of Belarus in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. Methodology. The study is based on the fundamental principles of historical knowledge – historicism, objectivity, value-based approach, and traditional general scientific and concrete historical methods were used to implement the research tasks. Results. In 1858 in the Belarusian provinces the hereditary nobility made up one third of the upper class of the European part of Russia. The implementation of the “parsing the shliahta” policy led to a sharp reduction in the Catholic nobility by 1865. The government sought to economically undermine the economic activities of the Catholic nobility and equalize Russian and Catholic land ownership in the Belarusian region. This was reflected in the preferential sale of sequestered and confiscated estates, the prohibition of land purchases by Catholics, all kinds of fines and especially through contribution fee and a tax to support the Orthodox clergy. Conclusion. The government’s discriminative policy towards Catholic nobility was aimed at curbing the economic activity of “the Poles” in Belarus. The main elements of its implementation were the sequestration and confiscation of the estates of Catholics who directly or indirectly participated in the uprising of 1863–1864, various fines, the prohibition of the purchase of land holdings, contribution fee, taxes on maintaining the Orthodox Church, etc. At the same time, this policy did not lead to the expected results. At the beginning of the 20th century the Catholic nobility outnumbered the Russian nobility in land ownership.
Abdominal aortic aneurysm model in swine with bovine pericardium patch
Authors: Perini Sílvio César , Bertolucci Leonardo Henrique , Martins Ana Paula Donadello , França Luís Henrique Gil , Aveline Celso Curcio , Pereira Adamastor Humberto
Published: September 2021

Abstract Background Aneurysm repair using endovascular techniques has grown in importance as materials have improved. Studies of endovascular prostheses require experimental models that reproduce anatomic and pathophysiological characteristics of human aneurysms. Objectives To describe a porcine model of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Methods This prospective cohort study used eleven Large White female pigs with a mean age of 12 weeks in two study phases. In phase I, the aneurysm was produced with a bovine pericardium patch by retroperitoneal surgery conducted under general anesthesia. In phase II, 15 days later, the animals underwent arteriography and were then euthanized before specimens were removed for histological analysis. Results Formation of parietal thrombus was observed in all animals. Microscopic analysis showed calcifications around thrombus in 82% of the animals. There was lymphoplasmacytic infiltration in the graft and adjacent area, with fibrosis in nine animals. Three pigs had substantial myointimal thickening, and eight had microcalcifications. Mortality was zero, and there were no ruptures, ischemia, or surgery site infections. Conclusions This is a unique model, using inexpensive, biocompatible material. Bovine pericardium is easy for the surgeon to handle and has very similar characteristics to autologous tissue in terms of integration with the cell wall.
Down the rabbit hole: a quick guide for histopathology description
Authors: Barros Claudio S.L. , Rissi Daniel R.
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT: Histopathology is an old science that is still currently utilized for disease diagnosis and research. The routinely processed histologic slides stained with hematoxylin and eosin are still used worldwide in most if not every histopathology laboratory. The technique is inexpensive, quick to perform, and allows the diagnosis of a fantastic variety of tissue changes and diseases. Skills in description and interpretation in histopathology are a craft that can be learned by repeatedly and systematically observing simple rules. In this article, we offer a few advices to help trainees in veterinary pathology at the start of their careers. Those advices are drawn from our experience in the diagnostic pathology routine and from the veterinary pathology literature. To enhance the understanding of these important steps in the histopathologic description of tissues, we decided to illustrate most concepts expressed here. We hope that our effort can add a bit to the development of future pathologists. Just like Alice, let us follow the White Rabbit into his burrow for this challenging experience!
Prevalência de infecção por COVID-19 no sistema prisional no Espírito Santo/Brasil: pessoas privadas de liberdade e trabalhadores da justiça
Authors: Silva Adriana Ilha da , Maciel Ethel Leonor Noia , Duque Camila Leal Cravo , Gomes Cristiana Costa , Bianchi Erika do Nascimento , Cardoso Orlei Amaral , Lira Pablo , Jabor Pablo Medeiros , Zanotti Raphael Lubiana , Sá Ricardo Tristão , Magno Filho Silvânio José de Souza , Zandonade Eliana
Published: September 2021

RESUMO: Objetivo: Apresentar um estudo de prevalência em presídios e estimar o percentual de pessoas privadas de liberdade, profissionais de saúde e agentes penitenciários infectados com o SARS-CoV-2 no Espírito Santo (ES). Métodos: Tratou-se de um estudo de prevalência com amostragem realizada em 34 unidades prisionais no ES, estratificadas entre os dias 31 de agosto e 4 de setembro de 2020, com base no Population-based age-stratified seroepidemiological investigation protocol for COVID-19 virus infection. Realizaram-se entrevistas e testes rápidos para detecção de imunoglobina G e M nos grupos citados. Resultados: Entre os 1.830 indivíduos (311 profissionais de saúde, 675 agentes penitenciários e 844 pessoas privadas de liberdade - PPL), as prevalências de infecção por COVID-19 foram 11,89% para os profissionais de saúde, 22,07% para os agentes penitenciários e 31,64% para as PPL. A maioria era do sexo masculino, com idade entre 21 a 40 anos, ensino fundamental e superior e cor parda, e os entrevistados concentravam-se na Região Metropolitana de Vitória. Conclusão: Observou-se que a prevalência foi maior entre as pessoas privadas de liberdade em todas as regiões no regime fechado e para os agentes penitenciários no regime semiaberto, com destaque para a Região Norte. Quanto à comparação entre os regimes e região, observaram-se distinções entre os grupos das PPL com testes positivos. Para que se alcance a eficácia no combate à COVID-19 no sistema prisional, são necessárias ações de desencarceramento, testes e vacinação em massa, como também outras ações de saúde.
Election Manipulation on Social Networks: Seeding, Edge Removal, Edge Addition
Authors: Castiglioni Matteo , Ferraioli Diodato , Gatti Nicola , Landriani Giulia
Published: August 2021

We focus on the election manipulation problem through social influence, where a manipulator exploits a social network to make her most preferred candidate win an election. Influence is due to information in favor of and/or against one or multiple candidates, sent  by seeds and spreading through the network according to the independent cascade model.  We provide a comprehensive theoretical study of the election control problem, investigating  two forms of manipulations: seeding to buy influencers given a social network and removing  or adding edges in the social network given the set of the seeds and the information sent.  In particular, we study a wide range of cases distinguishing in the number of candidates or  the kind of information spread over the network.

Our main result shows that the election manipulation problem is not affordable in  the worst-case, even when one accepts to get an approximation of the optimal margin of  victory, except for the case of seeding when the number of hard-to-manipulate voters is not  too large, and the number of uncertain voters is not too small, where we say that a voter  that does not vote for the manipulator's candidate is hard-to-manipulate if there is no way  to make her vote for this candidate, and uncertain otherwise.

We also provide some results showing the hardness of the problems in special cases.  More precisely, in the case of seeding, we show that the manipulation is hard even if the  graph is a line and that a large class of algorithms, including most of the approaches  recently adopted for social-influence problems (e.g., greedy, degree centrality, PageRank, VoteRank), fails to compute a bounded approximation even on elementary networks, such  as undirected graphs with every node having a degree at most two or directed trees. In the  case of edge removal or addition, our hardness results also apply to election manipulation  when the manipulator has an unlimited budget, being allowed to remove or add an arbitrary  number of edges, and to the basic case of social influence maximization/minimization in  the restricted case of finite budget.

Interestingly, our hardness results for seeding and edge removal/addition still hold  in a re-optimization variant, where the manipulator already knows an optimal solution  to the problem and computes a new solution once a local modification occurs, e.g., the  removal/addition of a single edge.
The Phenomenal Side of the Operatic Performance: Implications of Promotion Strategies on Cinematic Representations of the 21st Century
Authors: Ethnersson Pontara Johanna
Published: September 2021

During recent decades, scholars have paid attention to the ways in which marketing strategies surrounded the participation of professional opera singers in 1930s/1940s Hollywood films. Opera singers used cinema to promote themselves as film stars, while Hollywood, in turn, made use of real-life celebrities in order to market films containing opera to a wider audience. Recent cinema, just like films from this earlier period, reflects cross-promotion strategies between cinema and the classical music industry through the participation of professional opera singers. When considering these singers; audio-visual appearances and the roles their performances play within the film plots, some films reveal interesting connections with the historical predecessors. This article investigates the use of cross-marketing strategies in three recent films and queries the broader tropes they adhere to through the configurations of the singers; performances and their roles in the fictional situations. Through exploring these films, I argue that they promote a representation of opera that combines two specific tropes in the process of marketing. An audio-visual display of the singers as real-life celebrities points to an elaboration of the aspect of singer promotion seen in films from the 1930s and early 1940s. Beyond this, the more recent trope of associating opera with an audience listening with rapt attention is included, which casts the opera singer in a new light and enhances this bodily promotion of the singer.
What Did we Learn from 2 billion jabs? Early Cross-Country Evidence on the Effect of COVID-19 Vaccinations on Deaths, Mobility, and Economic Activity
Authors: Fiori Giuseppe , Iacoviello Matteo
Published: September 2021

In the first five months of 2021, about two billion doses of COVID-19 vaccines were administered around the world. The pace of vaccinations varied significantly across countries and over time. In this note, we study the early effects of vaccinations on mortality, stringency of government restrictions on activity, and mobility indicators, using a large sample of advanced and emerging market economies from December 2020 through May 2021.
KORONAFOBİNİN KARAR VERME TARZLARI VE İŞE BAĞLILIK ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ
Authors: TANIŞ Vedat , YANIK Güler
Published: September 2021

Yeni korona virüsün (Covid-19) neden olduğu pandemi süreci toplumsal, kurumsal ve bireysel düzeyde yaşam rutinleri üzerinde ciddi değişimleri beraberinde getirmiştir. Çalışma pandemi döneminde, yöneticilerin karar verme tarzları ve işe bağlılıkları üzerine odaklanmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı koronafobinin karar verme tarzları ve işe bağlılık üzerindeki etkilerini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Bu araştırmada koronafobi, karar verme tarzları ve işe bağlılık kavramlarının kavramsal çerçevesi verilmiş, literatür taraması yapılmış, araştırmanın uygulaması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın anakütlesini Rize ilinde görev yapan sağlık yöneticileri oluşturmaktadır. 51 sağlık yöneticisinden geri dönüşü alınan anket form verileri, yapısal eşitlik modellemesi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre koronafobi kaçınma karar verme davranışı rasyonel karar verme davranışı ve bağımlı karar verme davranışının istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve pozitif yönde yordayıcısıdır. Diğer taraftan koronafobinin sezgisel karar verme davranışı üzerinde herhangi bir etkisinin olmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Koronafobinin işe bağlılığın işe istek duyma ve işe adanma boyutlarının istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve negatif yönde yordayıcısı olduğu saptanmıştır.
TÜRKİYE EKONOMİSİNDE HİZMET İHRACATININ TEMEL BELİRLEYİCİLERİ: ZAMAN SERİSİ ANALİZİ
Authors: KOCA Aylin , YILDIRIM Nurtaç
Published: September 2021

Hizmet sektörü, hem gelişmiş hem de gelişmekte olan ekonomilerde milli gelir ve istihdam içerisinde giderek artan payının yanı sıra taşıdığı uluslararası ticaret potansiyeli nedeniyle de en dinamik sektör konumundadır. Türkiye gibi gelişmekte olan ekonomilerde, hizmet ihracatından elde edilen döviz gelirlerinin artırılması amacıyla sektörün ticaret dinamiklerinin analiz edilmesinin ve sektöre yönelik uygun politikalar geliştirilmesinin, önem taşıdığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de 1998:1–2019:4 yılları arası çeyreklik verilerle hizmet ihracatı ile temel belirleyicileri arasındaki ilişki eşbütünleşme ve nedensellik analizleri ile test edilmiştir. Toda-Yamamoto nedensellik testi sonuçlarına göre kısa dönemde GSYİH, reel efektif döviz kuru endeksi, doğrudan yabancı yatırımlardan hizmet ihracat gelirlerine doğru bir nedensellik ilişkisi mevcuttur. Ancak eğitim harcamalarından hizmet ihracatına doğru bir nedensellik ilişkisi bulunmamaktadır.
Mathematical statistics for measurement of steel temperature in steel-pouring ladle and tundish at steel continuous casting
Authors: Vil’danov S. K. , Podgorodetskii G. S.
Published: August 2021

The article considers the temperature distribution in steel during its continuous casting. Temperatures were measured sequentially in the steelpouring ladle (one measurement) and in the tundish (two measurements) using a platinum-platinum-rhodium thermocouple with an accuracy of ±4 °C. We have analyzed the results of 170 casts of two steel grades: 5SP and 35GS. The type of temperatures set distribution was verified on the basis of three goodness-of-fit criteria: Pearson’s χ-square criterion, λ Kolmogorov-Smirnov criterion and W Shapiro-Wilk criterion. The results obtained are consistent with the physical picture of steel casting. The metal in steel-pouring ladle is practically in a stable state and is subject only to natural cooling through the lining, top and ladle body. In the variant of analyzing a sample of temperature values in tundish at the first and second measurements, the hypothesis of normal distribution should be rejected. Here, the steel temperature depends on a number of parameters, including the feed rate and casting rate, feed time and composition of slag-forming and heat-insulating mixtures, etc. Attempts to establish the relationship between the steel temperatures of in steel-pouring ladle and tundish were unsuccessful. Considering the temperature measurement in tundish as two sequential data arrays, the first of which is an argument, and the second is a function, a linear relationship between these arrays was established. This relationship between the first and second temperature measurements in the tundish can be used to estimate the steel final temperature at thermocouple readout, including in the event of a failure. The results of the work can be used in development of a mathematical model of steel casting.
Modeling the behavior of direct current electromagnetic forces acting on a drop of liquid metal during electroslag remelting
Authors: Chumanov I. V. , Alekseev I. A. , Sergeev D. V.
Published: August 2021

The article presents mathematical and computer modeling of the behavior of liquid electrode metal drops during the process of electroslag remelting (ESP) at a constant current source. The study of the effect of electric field created by direct current allowed us to show the deviation of the drop trajectory from the electrode axis. The flow of electrons and drops of the electrode metal are exposed to electromagnetic forces, which leads to their displacement relative to the remelted electrode axis. This effect entails destabilization of the liquid metal bath and crystal heterogeneity. In turn, the use of external influence on the flow of ESR process can make it possible to stabilize the liquid metal bath even with the use of direct current. Centrifugal forces can act as such forces. They can arise when implementing the technology with the consumable electrode rotation around its own axis. To establish the optimal parameters of rotation speed, it is necessary to estimate the magnitude of impact of the magnetic field that occurs during direct current remelting process. The modeling was carried out using the Ansys Fluent 16.0 software package on the example of remelting 12Kh18N10T steel under the flux ANF-6. The algorithm for calculating of Ansys Fluent is based on the finite element method. In this paper, the mathematical apparatus was not changed and was used in its initial form. The method of magnetic induction was used. The database of information about the ongoing process was built on a grid of finite elements with certain, but sufficient level of adequacy and quality. Each element contains information about the model at a given point, specified for this modeling process. We have revealed the change in the trajectory of the electrode metal drop by electric field from the opposite direction along which the drop flows. The average length of the path traversed by liquid metal drop from the mold axis to the inner surface is from 5 to 15 cm. The motion of an electrode metal drop without an external magnetic field was simulated. This simulation made it possible to determine (estimate) the direction of movement of electrode metal drops and the indicator of necessary external force to stabilize the liquid metal bath during ESP process at direct current equal to 0.067 N.
La política en territorio. Género, migraciones y sostenibilidad de la vida en Argentina
Authors: Magliano María José , Arrieta Sofía
Published: September 2021

En el presente artículo se recupera la centralidad de la categoría sostenibilidad de la vida para analizar la dimensión política de las experiencias y prácticas de mujeres peruanas en la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina, que forman parte de sectores sociales populares y habitan en espacios urbanos relegados y periféricos. Para ello, se retoman los aportes teóricos de la economía feminista y de aquellos estudios en los que se reflexiona sobre la dimensión dinámica de la construcción social de la ciudadanía. En cuanto a la estrategia metodológica, el texto se basa en un trabajo de campo con un enfoque cualitativo longitudinal, que combina entrevistas en profundidad con la observación participante. Los principales resultados muestran que las prácticas sobre la sostenibilidad de la vida que despliegan mujeres peruanas en esos espacios promueven no solo la reproducción familiar y barrial, sino también formas concretas de ejercicio de la ciudadanía. Esas prácticas condensan un “saber hacer” que se va construyendo y retroalimentando con el tiempo, incluso desde el mismo contexto premigratorio, y se sustenta en determinadas trayectorias migratorias, laborales y urbanas. Como conclusión del artículo se destaca la potencialidad analítica de la categoría sostenibilidad de la vida para indagar en las expresiones territorializadas de agenciamiento político de las migrantes a partir de las estrategias de organización colectiva en torno al cuidado comunitario.
Flânerie in Valerie Tagwira’s The Uncertainty of Hope
Authors: Pfalzgraf Magdalena
Published: September 2021

Valerie Tagwira’s debut novel The Uncertainty of Hope, set in Harare in 2005, depicts the city on the brink of collapse, characterized by the effects of economic crisis and political violence against the urban poor. Political marginalization of the working classes and gender-based violence intersect and diminish the prospects for the social and spatial mobility of the urban poor. In this article I apply the lens of flânerie to the pedestrian movements of Tagwira’s protagonist Onai Moyo, an impoverished woman who makes a living by selling vegetables on Harare’s streets. In order to make a case for Onai’s ‘flânerie against all odds’, I revisit Walter Benjamin’s theorization as well as recent scholarly engagements with flânerie in non-European settings. By giving her protagonist a gaze traditionally associated with a European middle-class urbanity of the 19th century, Tagwira expands a tradition of city writing/walking and, like other contemporary engagements with flânerie, also breathes new life into a concept often pronounced inappropriate or unproductive for readings of non-European literature.
Bariatric Metabolic Surgery Reduced Liver Enzyme Levels in Patients with Non-Alcohol Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Kirkpatrick Kennedy , Bobbie Paull-Forney  , Hayrettin Okut  , Tiffany Schwasinger-Schmidt
Published: September 2021

Introduction. Approximately 93.3 million Americans are obese (BMI>30) and 51% have non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).  Progression of NAFLD can lead to Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH), the leading cause of liver transplant in the United States. This study analyzed liver enzymes following bariatric surgery in NAFLD patients up to one-year post-surgical intervention.
Methods. A retrospective analysis of adults with NAFLD who underwent bariatric surgery from 2009 to 2016 was conducted. The primary outcome were transaminase levels following weight loss. Secondary outcomes included effects on blood glucose, lipids, and blood pressure.
Results. A total of 130 participants consisting of 80% Caucasian females with an average BMI of 47.5 participated in the study. Reductions were noted in ALT (66.2 to 28.6 units/L) and AST (46.3 to 24.2 units/L) at 1 year post-surgical intervention.  Significant reductions were also noted in blood glucose (22.34%; p < .0001), HbA1c (17.11% p < .0001), LDL (19.75% p = .0046), total cholesterol (10.12% p = .0153), and triglycerides (37.21% p < .0001) with an increase in HDL (17.22% p = .0007). Significant correlations between alkaline phosphatase and ALT were noted at six months (p=.0101) and one year (p= .0547) and AST at six months (p=.0009). When separated by obesity class, participants with class II obesity experienced improved outcomes.
Conclusions. Data obtained from this study indicated that bariatric surgery reduces liver enzyme levels in NAFLD. These findings suggest that bariatric surgery is a viable treatment option for participants with NAFLD.