bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Neurokinin‐1 Receptor Is Essential for the Viability of Human Glioma Cells: A Possible Target for Treating Glioblastoma
Authors: Muñoz Mario F. , Argüelles Sandro , Rosso Marisa , Medina Rafael , Coveñas Rafael , Ayala Antonio , Muñoz Miguel
Published: April 2022

Background. Glioblastoma or glioma is the most common malignant brain tumor. Patients have a prognosis of approximately 15 months, despite the current aggressive treatment. Neurokinin‐1 receptor (NK‐1R) occurs naturally in human glioma, and it is necessary for the tumor development. Objective. The purpose of the study was to increase the knowledge about the involvement of the substance P (SP)/NK‐1R system in human glioma. Methods. Cellular localization of NK‐1R and SP was studied in GAMG and U‐87 MG glioma cell lines by immunofluorescence. The contribution of both SP and NK‐1R to the viability of these cells was also assessed after applying the tachykinin 1 receptor (TAC1R) or the tachykinin 1 (TAC1) small interfering RNA gene silencing method, respectively. Results. Both SP and the NK‐1R (full‐length and truncated isoforms) were localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm of GAMG and U‐87 MG glioma cells. The presence of full‐length NK‐1R isoform was mainly observed in the nucleus, while the level of truncated isoform was higher in the cytoplasm. Cell proliferation was decreased when glioma cells were transfected with TAC1R siRNA, but not with TAC1. U‐87 MG cells were more sensitive to the effect of the TAC1R inhibition than GAMG cells. The decrease in the number of glioma cells after silencing of the TAC1R siRNA gene was due to apoptotic and necrotic mechanisms. In human primary fibroblast cultured cells, TAC1R silencing by siRNA did not produce any change in cell viability. Conclusions. Our results show for the first time that the expression of the TAC1R gene (NK‐1R) is essential for the viability of GAMG and U‐87 MG glioma cells. On the contrary, the TAC1R gene is not essential for the viability of normal cells, confirming that NK‐1R could be a promising and specific therapeutic target for the treatment of glioma.
Construction and Promotion of Reading Service Platform of University Library Based on Computer Network Cloud Platform
Authors: Xie Na
Published: April 2022

This paper analyzes the basic framework, cloud service mode, and cloud service approach of digital library cloud service platform under cloud computing environment and studies the future development trend of cloud service platform and cloud service mode of digital library under cloud computing environment. This paper introduces the advantages of cloud service platform construction in digital reading promotion of university library in detail, expounds the construction and application of cloud service platform for digital reading promotion of university library, and puts forward the construction and promotion strategy of reading service platform of university library and the framework model of personalized information service of digital library. By describing the technical characteristics of cloud platform, the advantages of digital reading based on cloud platform are revealed, such as massive data storage, personalized service virtualization, and big data statistical analysis. On this basis, the innovation of digital reading promotion mode in colleges and universities is discussed. This study is conducive to promoting the standardized management of reading and information services and the rational allocation of resources in university libraries in order to provide some reference for the practice of building and popularizing the reading service platform of university library.
Construction, Validation, and Visualization of Two Web-Based Nomograms for Predicting Overall Survival and Cancer-Specific Survival in Elderly Patients with Primary Osseous Spinal Neoplasms
Authors: Tong Yuexin , Cui Yuekai , Jiang Liming , Zeng Yuan , Zhao Dongxu
Published: April 2022

Background. Primary osseous spinal neoplasms (POSNs) are the rarest tumor type in the spine. Very few studies have presented data on elderly patients with POSNs specifically. The present study was aimed at exploring the prognostic factors and developing two web-based nomograms to predict overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) for this population. Method. The data of elderly patients with POSNs was extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2004 and 2015. Cox regression analyses were performed to determine independent prognostic factors for OS and CSS, these prognostic factors were incorporated to establish nomograms. The discrimination of the nomograms was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the value of area under the curve (AUC). Calibration curve was plotted to assess the predictive accuracy of model. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was conducted to determine the net clinical benefit. Furthermore, two web-based survival rate calculators were developed. Result. A total of 430 patients were finally selected into this study and were randomly assigned to the training set (302 cases) and validation set (128 cases). Of these, 289 patients were further considered for the analysis of CSS and were randomized into training set (205 cases) and validation set (84 cases). Based on the results of univariate and multivariate Cox analyses, variables that significantly correlated with survival outcomes were used to establish nomograms for OS and CSS prediction. Two established nomograms demonstrated good predictive performance. In the training set, the AUCs of the nomogram for predicting 12-, 24-, and 36-month OS were 0.849, 0.903, and 0.889, respectively, and those for predicting 12-, 24-, and 36-month CSS were 0.890, 0.880, and 0.881, respectively. Two web-based survival rate calculators were developed to estimate OS (https://research1.shinyapps.io/DynNomappOS/) and CSS (https://research1.shinyapps.io/DynNomappCSS/). Conclusion. Novel nomograms based on identified clinicopathological factors were developed and can be used as a tool for clinicians to predict OS and CSS in elderly patients with POSNs. These models could help facilitate a personalized survival evaluation for this population.
Prediction of Survival Rate and Chemotherapy Effect by an Immune Score Model in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Liu Siyao , Wang Zhengjian , Ntim Michael , Han Jingrun , Jiang Xutao , Fang Chuanfa , Xu Caiming , Zhang Jing
Published: April 2022

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer‐related deaths. Immune cells in the tumor microenvironment play an important role in the development of tumors. In this study, CIBERSORT was used to estimate the subset of the immune cells using bulk gene expression data (i.e., TCGA, GEO, and cBioPortal databases). 1,087 samples were included in the analysis. The results revealed that among the 22 immune cell subsets that were evaluated, resting and activated NK cells, macrophage M1 and M2, and resting mast cells are associated with significant improvements in patient survival of colorectal cancer. The 15‐year survival rates for the training cohort showed 49.1% and 32.5%, respectively, for the low‐ and high‐risk groups. Likewise, the validation and entire cohorts showed 77.3% versus 47.2% and 65.3% versus 46.5%, respectively, for the low‐ and high‐risk groups. Also, the prognostic immune score in predicting the chemotherapy effects showed that the low‐risk group had a better survival superiority over the high‐risk group, whether patients received chemotherapy or not. The gene set enrichment analysis showed that the low‐risk group was highly enriched in pathways or processes related to immune response. The immune checkpoint assessment revealed significantly higher mRNA expressions of CTLA4 in the lower risk group than in the higher risk group. Altogether, this study offers information that could improve the prognosis of colorectal cancer.
A Novel Four Genes of Prognostic Signature for Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Liu Yan , Du Huibin , Wan Qi , He Yan , Lu Wei , Wang Wenhao , Lv Xiaohui
Published: April 2022

Autophagy and immunity play critical roles in various cancers, but the prognostic impact of autophagy and immunity for uveal melanoma (UM) remains lacking. Therefore, the RNA sequencing of data in the TCGA-UVM dataset was downloaded from UCSC Xena database. The prognostic autophagy- and immunity-related genes (AIRGs) were selected via univariate Cox regression. Next, we applied LASSO method to construct four genes of signature in the TCGA-UVM and verified in another two GEO datasets (GSE84976 and GSE22138). This signature intimately associated with overall survival (OS) time and metastasis-free survival (MFS) time of UM, which could be considered as a prognostic indicator. Besides, by applying risk assessment, the patients of UM can be divided into two subgroups (high/low risk) with different survival time, distinct clinical outcomes, and immune microenvironments. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) manifested that cancer hallmark epithelial-mesenchymal transition and KRAS pathways were positively activated in the high-risk group. Moreover, the high-risk group could be more sensitive to chemotherapies than the low-risk group. Thus, our finding suggested that the four genes of signature closely linked with UM risk and survival can afford more accurate survival prediction and potential therapeutic targets for clinical application.
Evaluation Method of English Learning Efficiency Based on Grey Management Analysis
Authors: Ping Liang
Published: April 2022

In order to improve the evaluation methods of English teaching efficiency, improve the accuracy and operability of evaluation, this paper analyzes the basic characteristics of English teaching efficiency from the perspective of ecological classroom theory, and puts forward a formula to measure the efficiency of Ecological English teaching. On this basis, this paper discusses a new method to evaluate eco-English teaching efficiency from two levels of basic characteristics and overall structure and illustrates the intuitiveness and feasibility of this method through an example to enhance its application value and reference significance. For the evaluation of effective English learning process, this paper combines the principal component analysis method and data envelopment analysis method to establish an analysis model of the relative efficiency of effective English learning, including a constant return to scale model, variable return to scale model, and scale efficiency model, which provides a quantitative analysis basis for the evaluation of effective English learning process. In order to facilitate the analysis of the relationship between “input” and “output” in English learning, and facilitate the quantitative analysis of the relationship between strategy choice and achievement in English learning, so as to provide scientific reference for English teaching and research.
The Pivotal Immunoregulatory Functions of Microglia and Macrophages in Glioma Pathogenesis and Therapy
Authors: Richard Seidu A.
Published: April 2022

Gliomas are mixed solid tumors composed of both neoplastic and nonneoplastic cells. In glioma microenvironment, the most common nonneoplastic and infiltrating cells are macrophages and microglia. Microglia are the exact phagocytes of the central nervous system, whereas macrophages are myeloid immune cells that are depicted with ardent phagocytosis. Microglia are heterogeneously located in almost all nonoverlapping sections of the brain as well as the spinal cord, while macrophages are derived from circulating monocytes. Microglia and macrophages utilize a variety of receptors for the detection of molecules, particles, and cells that they engulf. Both microglia and peripheral macrophages interact directly with vessels both in the periphery of and within the tumor. In glioma milieu, normal human astrocytes, glioma cells, and microglia all exhibited the ability of phagocytosing glioma cells and precisely apoptotic tumor cells. Also, microglia and macrophages are robustly triggered by the glioma via the expression of chemoattractants such as monocyte chemoattractant protein, stromal-derived factor-1, and macrophage-colony stimulating factor. Glioma-associated microglia and/or macrophages positively correlated with glioma invasiveness, immunosuppression, and patients’ poor outcome, making these cells a suitable target for immunotherapeutic schemes.
Establishment of Architectural Heritage Evaluation Indicator System Based on Cluster Analysis in the Era of Big Data
Authors: Tang Lina , Tang Jian , Ding Peng
Published: April 2022

In the era of big data, the data is collected and applied in every aspect of life. Establishing a reasonable architectural heritage evaluation indicators system is the key of architectural heritage evaluation. According to the connotation of architectural heritage and the standard of eliminating duplicate information and the standard of the maximum weighted

R

cluster grade, this paper constructs an architectural heritage evaluation indicators system through quantitative approaches of

R

cluster and rough set analysis. The contribution lies in the following: Firstly, it uses the method of square-sum of dispersion to classify the evaluation indicator criterion of the same guideline, which ensures the different indicators reflect information that is different. Secondly, it uses the rough set analysis to solve the weighted rough set grade of each indicator of the similar, then screening the indicator that contain the maximum weighted rough set, in which ensuring the selected indicator is the most significant influence to the evaluation result. Thirdly, through quantitative approaches of

R

cluster and rough set analysis, establishing the architectural heritage evaluation indicators system composed of 18 indicators includes three guidelines: heritage historical value, heritage artistic value, and heritage scientific value.
On Compact Trans-Sasakian Manifolds
Authors: Al-Dayel Ibrahim , Deshmukh Sharief
Published: April 2022

We study 3-dimensional compact and simply connected trans-Sasakian manifolds and find necessary and sufficient conditions under which these manifolds are homothetic to Sasakian manifolds. The first two results deal with finding necessary and sufficient conditions on a compact and simply connected trans-Sasakian manifold to be homothetic to an Einstein Sasakian manifold and in the third result deals with finding necessary and sufficient condition on a compact and simply connected trans-Sasakian manifold to be homothetic to a Sasakian manifold.
Molecular Signatures of Mitochondrial Complexes Involved in Alzheimer’s Disease via Oxidative Phosphorylation and Retrograde Endocannabinoid Signaling Pathways
Authors: Chen Fenqin , Bai Jun , Zhong Shanshan , Zhang Rongwei , Zhang Xiaoqian , Xu Ying , Zhao Mei , Zhao Chuansheng , Zhou Zhike
Published: April 2022

Objective. The inability to intervene in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) forces the search for promising gene-targeted therapies. This study was aimed at exploring molecular signatures and mechanistic pathways to improve the diagnosis and treatment of AD. Methods. Microarray datasets were collected to filter differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between AD and nondementia controls. Weight gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was employed to analyze the correlation of coexpression modules with AD phenotype. A global regulatory network was established and then visualized using Cytoscape software to determine hub genes and their mechanistic pathways. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted to estimate the diagnostic performance of hub genes in AD prediction. Results. A total of 2,163 DEGs from 13,049 background genes were screened in AD relative to nondementia controls. Among the six coexpression modules constructed by WGCNA, DEGs of the key modules with the strongest correlation with AD were extracted to build a global regulatory network. According to the Maximal Clique Centrality (MCC) method, five hub genes associated with mitochondrial complexes were chosen. Further pathway enrichment analysis of hub genes, such as oxidative phosphorylation and retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, was identified. According to the area under the curve (AUC) of about 70%, each hub gene exhibited a good diagnostic performance in predicting AD. Conclusions. Our findings highlight the perturbation of mitochondrial complexes underlying AD onset, which is mediated by molecular signatures involved in oxidative phosphorylation (COX5A, NDUFAB1, SDHB, UQCRC2, and UQCRFS1) and retrograde endocannabinoid signaling (NDUFAB1) pathways.
Breast Cancer Screening in Low‐Income Countries: A New Program for Downstaging Breast Cancer in Tanzania
Authors: Cherlin Darcy S. , Mwaiselage Julius , Msami Khadija , Heisler Zoe , Young Heather , Cui Xingwei , Soliman Amr S.
Published: April 2022

Background. Most breast cancer diagnoses in Tanzania are in advanced stages. The Ocean Road Cancer Institute (ORCI) established a new breast cancer screening program in 2014 to reduce advanced‐stage diagnoses. This study is aimed at describing the screening program’s referral process and at identifying patient and health system factors that contribute to patients completing diagnostic testing referrals. Methods. Six‐hundred and forty patients were included in the study. Testing types, outcomes, and date of diagnostic results were abstracted from records at ORCI and Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) to determine the proportion of testing completed and the duration between initial referrals and diagnostic tests. Prediction of completion of diagnostic testing was investigated in logistic regression. Results. Of the patients who received referrals for further testing, fifty‐two percent completed the recommended ultrasound (USS), mammography (MMG), and fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Only 33.0% of patients completed the recommended MMG referrals compared to 55.0% for ultrasound and 68.7% for FNAC. The average number of days between initial screening and results was 42 days for MMG, 20 days for USS, and 18 days for FNAC. Significant predictors for completing referrals for USS, FNAC, and MMG included age < 44 and >55 years, presenting with symptoms at the initial appointment, and education. The odds of completing an USS was 3.03 (95% CI, 1.65‐5.64) for patients 25–34, 2.27 (95% CI, 1.17‐4.48) for patients 35–44, and 4.41 (95% CI, 1.66‐10.11) for patients older than 55 years compared to the reference group (age 19–24). The presence of symptoms at the initial appointment was a significant predictor of FNAC. The odds of completing an FNAC was 1.55 (95% CI, 1.02‐3.72) for symptomatic compared to nonsymptomatic patients. Education was a significant predictor of MMG. The odds of receiving MMG was 4.29 (95% CI, 1.05‐21.00) for patients with tertiary education or higher compared to primary education or lower. Possession of health insurance for treatment and living in Dar es Salaam were not significant predictors. Discussion. Future research should focus on patients’ understanding of recommended referrals and factors that influence decision‐making. Investigating the cost effectiveness of scaling up screening programs and setting up a patient navigation program that follow patients as they complete the recommended treatment plan will be crucial for Tanzania and other developing countries as they seek to launch and strengthen screening programs.
Ciliary Body Leiomyoma
Authors: Plesníková Paulina , Jurenová Denisa , Lysková Darina , Furdová Alena , Valášková Jela , Babál Pavel
Published: April 2022

The report aims to present the case of intraocular leiomyoma. We conducted a case study on a patient who presented with an intraocular tumour. After examination, including magnetic resonance, positron emission tomography with computed tomography, B-scan, we performed surgery – enucleation of the eye globe with histological verification of tumour mass. Histological analysis of enucleated eyes proved intraocular leiomyoma. Leiomyoma is a rare intraocular tumour, which is clinically challenging to recognize; therefore, histological confirmation is most often required.
Cognitive Impairment and Associated Factors among Older Adults with Diabetes in a Suburban Primary Health Center in Thailand
Authors: Panyawattanakit Chuthiphun , Wongpradit Wadee , Kanhasing Ruankwan , Kulalert Prapasri
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Thailand is a rapidly aging society. The percentage of older adults with diabetes has also been increasing. Since diabetes mellitus is documented as a risk factor for dementia, it is important to address cognitive impairment in older adults with diabetes. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and associated factors of cognitive impairment among older adults with diabetes in a suburban primary health center in Thailand. Methods: A cross-sectional study in 244 diabetic patients aged 60 years or older was conducted in a primary health care unit in Pathum Thani, Thailand. Cognitive function was assessed with the validated Thai version of the Mini-Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination Test. Sociodemographic and health characteristic data were obtained. Results: The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 54.5% (133 out of 244). Multivariate logistic regression disclosed that factors significantly associated with cognitive impairment were ages 70–79 years compared to ages 60–69 years (odds ratio [OR] 1.90, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–3.62, p value 0.048), ages ≥80 years compared to ages 60–69 years (OR 3.65, 95% CI: 1.19–11.24, p value 0.024), education ≤ primary school (OR 7.28, 95% CI: 3.56–14.89, p value <0.001), and medication managed by caregiver compared to self-management of medication (OR 13.40, 95% CI: 1.55–116.10, p value 0.019). Conclusion: We revealed that approximately half of older adults with diabetes had cognitive impairment. This finding strongly suggests the need to include cognitive assessment in a standard clinical practice guideline for diabetic patients and to focus more on individuals who are very old, have low education, or are unable to manage their drugs by themselves.
Psoriasis: Besonderheiten im Kindesalter
Authors: Fölster-Holst Regina
Published: April 2022

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory systemic disease primarily affecting the skin, but which often involves considerable comorbidities as well. One-third of psoriasis cases start during childhood. In pediatric psoriasis, an association with several medical comorbidities is also indicated. Furthermore, because of its chronic nature and frequent relapses, psoriatic patients tend to require long-term treatment and experience negative impacts on their quality of life. Considering the different clinical characteristics of pediatric psoriasis, it has recently been presented that the pathogenesis of pediatric psoriasis is distinct from adult psoriasis. Treatment for pediatric psoriasis usually involves the same methods as for adults. However, most treatments in pediatric psoriasis are used off-label and research in this regard is still lacking. Targeted therapies involving newly developed biologics are also increasingly being applied to psoriasis in children. This review summarizes the clinical characteristics of pediatric psoriasis and focuses mainly on the updated concepts of pathogenesis and treatments in pediatric psoriasis. This was undertaken to widen the understanding of these relevant aspects and to provide better management of pediatric psoriasis by clinicians.
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Nasal
Authors: Sudarmanto Yohanes , Soehartono  , Angelina Aina , Yudhanto Hendy , Putri Anggie
Published: April 2022

Latar belakang: Keganasan sinonasal memiliki angka kejadian yang jarang. Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) merupakan tumor ganas tersering kedua di daerah sinonasal, memiliki karakteristik pertumbuhan lambat namun berpotensi metastasis jauh dan rekurensi yang tinggi. Tatalaksana utama penyakit adalah tindakan pembedahan radikal dilanjutkan radioterapi. Pemilihan pendekatan tindakan pembedahan bergantung pada stadium dan lokasi tumor. Prognosis keganasan sinonasal kurang baik, berhubungan dengan tipe histologis tumor, kejadian invasi perineural, perivaskular, dan metastasis jauh, lokasi tumor, usia pasien dan modalitas terapi.

Tujuan: Melaporkan satu kasus ACC nasal dengan metastasis regional cervical yang dilakukan tindakan pembedahan dan dilanjutkan radioterapi.

Laporan Kasus: Laki-laki, 70 tahun, datang ke klinik THTKL RSUD dr. Saiful Anwar Malang dengan keluhan benjolan di dalam hidung kanan disertai buntu hidung dan riwayat mimisan selama 1 tahun. Pasien dilakukan tindakan pembedahan dengan pendekatan rinotomi lateral menggunakan insisi Moure. Histopatologi jaringan operasi adalah ACC tipe cribiform.

Kesimpulan: Tindakan pembedahan dilanjutkan radioterapi masih menjadi baku emas tatalaksanan ACC nasal. Evaluasi berkala jangka panjang harus dilakukan untuk deteksi dini rekurensi lokoregional dan kejadian metastasih jauh pasca tindakan pembedahan dan radioterapi.
Reading Indian Literature in Fourth-Century China: Gleanings from a Newly Available Commentary to the Oldest Chinese Translation of the Vimalakīrti-nirdeśa
Authors: Greene Eric M.
Published: April 2022

This article introduces new evidence concerning how the very earliest Chinese translations of Buddhist texts were read in early medieval China: a Turfan manuscript first made public in 2005 of an otherwise unknown interlinear commentary to the oldest Chinese translation of the Vimalakīrti Sutra. I show that the earliest (pre- ca. 350 CE) translations of Indian Buddhist texts, well known for their problematic literary forms that frequently make them very difficult to understand, sometimes circulated with interlinear commentaries that explained how to manipulate their often tortuous syntax into a more normal Chinese idiom. The earliest readers of Indian Buddhist literature in China did not always approach these texts as purely “Chinese” documents, as it has sometimes been thought. Even though few such readers were themselves learned in Indian languages, the linguistic alterity of Indian Buddhist literature was nevertheless available to them to some degree.
Negotiating Dynastic Divide: The Textual Life of a Southern Tang Official Under the Song
Authors: Woolley Nathan
Published: April 2022

China’s period of disunion in the tenth century posed moral challenges to individuals navigating the complex and unstable political situation. Later historians exploited the ambiguities of these challenges in giving their own assessments of those times, resulting in a complex array of assertions on matters pertaining to the Southern Tang. Appraisal of the character of the official Xu Xuan includes criticism around his work on the history of the Southern Tang and his meetings with the Song emperor Taizu. Accounts of Xu Xuan’s conduct evolved in meaning over time as existing material found its way into new compilations and contexts. Tracing the course of these changes reveals how the history of the Southern Tang served the varying purposes of Song writers.
Performing Chineseness Overseas
Authors: Yu-Hsing Chen Jasmine
Published: April 2022

This article analyzes how the photographs of overseas Chinese performing Peking opera projected the Chinese nationalism of the Kuomintang (KMT) across Taiwan (the Republic of China, ROC) and the Philippines during the Cold War. The analysis focuses on images in the periodical Drama and Art (1964–1972), examining theater and photography as mediums that worked together to (re)shape a ROC-approved vision of “Chineseness.” In addition to studying the circulation of these photographs, the discussion further looks into those aspects of the performances rendered invisible by the periodical, explicating how the Chineseness of overseas Chinese was produced and performed based on the KMT’s needs. Peking opera performance also functioned as a form of “emotional compensation” for Chinese-Filipino performers to act out fantasies of power while facing anti-Chinese sentiment in the Philippines. This article therefore argues that Peking opera was intricately linked to the conceptual construction of overseas Chineseness and its embodied practice.
Chinese Plantation Heritage on Malolo Lailai, Mamanuca Group, Fiji
Authors: Spennemann Dirk HR
Published: April 2022

The Chinese presence in the Pacific Islands during the nineteenth and early twentieth century has been largely explored through the lens of indentured labor as well as small island traders, whereas archaeological and heritage-related work in the circum-Pacific region primarily focused on the presence of Chinese on the goldfields and associated construction activities. Using evidence encountered on Malolo Lailai, an island off the north-western coast of Viti Levu (Fiji), this paper is the first to focus on the cultural heritage of Chinese-owned plantations. The elements of that heritage encompass residual copra plantations spaced in Chinese paces, a copra shed, a well and a small cemetery. The significance of the sites as a manifestation of the Chinese presence in Fiji are discussed as well as opportunities as to how this heritage might inform current understanding of the role of Chinese in the economic development of Fiji during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
The Relationship between Moral Philosophy and Political Philosophy in William James
Authors: Koopman Colin
Published: April 2022

This review essay is occasioned by two books on the moral and political thought of William James. Sarin Marchetti’s Ethics and Philosophical Critique in William James and Trygve Throntveit’s William James and the Quest for an Ethical Republic pose crucial questions for how we are to frame, interpret, and assess the philosophical contributions of William James more than one hundred years after his passing. In offering interpretations of James as contributing to social and political questions through his moral philosophy, both books raise important questions that bear on contemporary debates in political philosophy between ideal theorists and political realists. If ideal theorists put moral philosophy first and extract a political vision therefrom, political realists seek to begin theoretical reflection in the specifically political circumstances of our lives. This review essay is centered on the following question: through which of these two lenses should the writings of William James be received?
The American Republic: William James on Political Leadership
Authors: Goodson Jacob L. , Stein Quinlan C.
Published: April 2022

Since Plato’s Republic, philosophers have outlined their expectations for political leaders and have offered judgments on the actions and decisions made by political leaders in their given context. It turns out that the American philosopher, William James, participates in this philosophical tradition. Although it has been assumed by professional philosophers—and even scholars of William James’s work—that James has no political philosophy, we argue that James’s political philosophy becomes both practical and useful for making judgments about and against political leaders.
The Sultan’s Syllabus Revisited: Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Madrasa Libraries and the Question of Canonization
Authors: Şen A. Tunç
Published: April 2022

This study revisits the question of the early modern Ottoman madrasa curriculum, which, ever since the famous Studia Islamica article of Nenad Filipovic and the late Shahab Ahmed in 2004, has come to be recognized as the “sultan’s syllabus,” implying a strict imposition of a centrally-designed course of study. By utilizing a host of endowment lists, book registers, and autobiographical writings of high- to low-ranking Ottoman scholars from the sixteenth century that escaped Ahmed’s and Filipovic’s attention, I aim to redress an argument that was based on a misinterpretation of a single document but has been extensively cited and recycled since its first articulation almost two decades ago. All of these sources, some of which have never or only partially received scholarly attention, shed more accurate light, not only on the scope of learning, teaching, and canon formation in the early modern Ottoman world of scholarship but also on the mediating role the Ottoman court played by supplying copies of books wherever and whenever needed.
Research in Retrospect: The Animal Bones from Daima, Northeast Nigeria
Authors: Fagan Brian M.
Published: April 2022

This brief report describes the animal bones from the first millennium BC discovered during Graham Connah’s excavations at Daima Mound in northeastern Nigeria in 1965–66. The faunal research was completed by the author in 1973, but, owing to various circumstances, it has not been possible to publish the report until now. Eighty percent of the 657 positively identified bones come from domestic cattle, probably a small-statured breed. They were mostly slaughtered while young adults, which suggests they were surplus males. Small stock, probably goats, and also hunting were less important. The inhabitants consumed shallow water fish, mainly Clariidae (catfish), easily trapped in shallow pools. The small Daima collection confirms faunal data from other Lake Chad sites, which show that cattle herding was an important activity during the first millennium BC.
‘Johnny Onions!’: Seasonal Pedlars from Brittany and their Good Reputation in Great Britain (1870s–1970s)
Authors: Leboissetier Léa
Published: April 2022

The Onion Johnnies were a group of French seasonal migrants and door-to-door traders who travelled to Britain from the mid-nineteenth to the late twentieth centuries. This article explores their surprisingly good reputation among the British population and authorities: while pedlars were often conflated with tramps, suspicious aliens or disreputable individuals by the police, the Johnnies’ reliance on established familial and commercial networks meant they benefited from a positive stereotype. While hawking was generally perceived as an anachronistic and unrewarding occupation, French onion sellers were exoticised by the British population, who celebrated they rural roots. The seasonal, semi-sedentary and ‘picturesque’ aspect of the onion trade enabled them to reverse the stigmas associated to itinerant trading, their doorstep performance becoming their selling point. The case study of the Johnnies helps us understand the stereotypes linked to peddling in late modern Britain and to go beyond the narrative of decline surrounding this occupation.
Trust in the Indian Labour Diaspora
Authors: Bates Crispin , Carter Marina
Published: April 2022

This paper investigates the role of trust relationships through a re-examination of the activities of intermediaries (recruiters) in the Indian indentured labour system of the Indian Ocean in the colonial era. A review of the utilisation of trust in development discourse and its applicability to the literature of colonial subaltern migration and to a specific historical context is undertaken. The paper demonstrates that informal trust networks are critical to an understanding of the operation of indenture, that the appraisal of their functioning and effectiveness necessitates the construction of a counter narrative to the ‘official’ archive, and suggests a new means of adapting the trust discourse to this field of study through an assessment of how these knowledge and information networks were disseminated and by whom.
Coprinopsis alnivora (Psathyrellaceae), a rare species from North America is discovered in Europe
Authors: BEDNÁR RADOVAN , ČERVENKA JÁN , ARENDT DARINA , SZABÓOVÁ DANA , KRISAI-GREILHUBER IRMGARD , POŠTA ANA , MEŠIĆ ARMIN , TKALČEC ZDENKO
Published: April 2022

A rare species, Coprinopsis alnivora, was previously known from the type collection in Washington State, USA. Afterward, 11 additional samples were collected from five new host trees at nine localities in Europe (Austria, Croatia, and Slovakia). The species indicated a preference for growth in cavities or wounds of living deciduous trees. Its mycelium and basidiomata were successfully cultivated under laboratory conditions. A detailed morphological description of the basidiomata supplemented with colour photographs and line drawings is provided. Delimitation characters from similar species are discussed. Molecular phylogenetic relationships within the genus Coprinopsis were inferred from ITS rDNA sequences and are presented by a phylogram. Molecular genetic analyses revealed that C. alnivora represents a genetically well-delimited species with six known haplotypes.
Typification of the names Verbascum limnense and Celsia tomentosa (Scrophulariaceae) and a new nothospecies, V. × sipiadense, with the hybrid formula V. limnense × V. sinuatum
Authors: ZOGRAFIDIS ARIS , ESSER HANS-JOACHIM , DIMOPOULOS PANAYOTIS , RAUS THOMAS
Published: April 2022

The heterotypic synonyms Verbascum limnense and Celsia tomentosa are neotypified and lectotypified, respectively, and their nomenclature is clarified. The former binomial represents the correct name at species rank for a range-restricted, paleoendemic plant confined to Central Greece. Furthermore, the new nothospecies Verbascum × sipiadense, representing the hybrid formula V. limnense × V. sinuatum, is described from the island of Evvia (Euboea).
GroupStruct: An R Package for Allometric Size Correction
Authors: CHAN KIN ONN , GRISMER L. LEE
Published: April 2022

The efficacy of an allometric growth model to correct for ontogenetic body size variation has been known for decades, yet this method remains relatively obscure and rarely applied. We optimize the implementation of this method through a newly developed and easy-to-use R package GroupStruct and further extend its application from intraspecific to interspecific datasets. Using empirical examples, we show that different size correction methods (i.e., ratios, residuals, and allometry) can result in vastly different conclusions. Our results demonstrate that choosing the appropriate size correction method is crucial as it can have significant impacts on downstream analyses and has the potential to alter biological interpretations.
Exploring the Health Impacts of Climate Change in Subsistence Fishing Communities throughout Micronesia: A Narrative Review
Authors: Hodgson Lauren , Fernando Gabriela , Lansbury Nina
Published: April 2022

For many people living in low-income coastal communities, marine resources provide a crucial source of animal protein and are of major nutritional importance. However, because of various human-induced pressures, such as overfishing and poor resource management, marine resources are deteriorating at an unprecedented rate. Climate change effects this dynamic by contributing directly to marine resource deterioration and acting as an effect multiplier, worsening already-present problems in the systems. This deterioration threatens the viability of marine resources to support future food security demands and presents multiple health implications for coastal communities that rely upon these resources. This research used a narrative review to explore how the impacts of climate change are projected to impact human health and sustainable development throughout subsistence fishing communities. A case study approach focusing on the Pacific Ocean region of Micronesia was conducted to provide a practical indication of the future scenario applicable to other geographical regions across the globe. The results indicate that climate change is likely to exacerbate adverse health outcomes such as food insecurity, ciguatera fish poisoning, heatstroke, and mental health problems and that climate change may lead to the deterioration of traditional cultural practices. As the climate crisis is happening now and will be an issue extending into the foreseeable future, it is necessary to implement adaptation strategies, funding, and governance to limit global emissions, preserve marine resources, and support human well-being. Therefore, this research details adaptation strategies, such as diversifying fish catch and reviving traditional postharvest preservation methods, that may help communities adapt to climate change.

Significance Statement

The Sixth Assessment Report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2021) has indicated that marine resources are deteriorating at an unprecedented rate across all regions of the globe. As marine resources significantly contribute to feeding coastal–semisubsistence communities, it is beneficial to understand how this deterioration will affect human health. Thus, this research indicates that declines in marine resources may exacerbate the prevalence of food insecurity, ciguatera fish poisoning, heat-related illnesses, mental health problems, and chronic diseases within marine-dependent communities. Furthermore, this research details adaptation strategies such as diversifying fish catch, improving postharvest preservation methods, and offering counseling services, which may help support the health and well-being of marine-dependent communities.
Building and Wedging Strategic Alliances: Racial Framing Contests in the Immigrant Rights and Nativist Counter-Movements
Authors: Yazdiha Hajar
Published: April 2022

As immigrant rights movements and anti-immigrant mobilizations engage in contentious battles for public support, it is increasingly essential to understand how these opposing political forces develop strategic alliances, garnering power, and shaping larger debates around immigration. Using newspaper data, this study compares case studies of immigrant rights and nativist battles in two mobilizations—the 2012 “No Papers, No Fear Ride for Justice” during the Obama Era and the 2018 “Family Separation Protests” during the Trump Era—to analyze how movements and counter-movements strategically deploy frames to generate or disrupt strategic alliances. Findings identify strategic racial frame deployment as a mechanism that can either amplify or obfuscate racial meanings, enabling, and constraining counter-frames by rival movements. I highlight patterns in how these racial frames are used in framing contests to bring groups together in alliances or wedge groups apart, illuminating the underlying system of racialization as it shapes intergroup boundaries, its limits, and its radical possibilities for transformation.
Thinking about the distant future promotes the prospects of peace: A construal-level perspective on intergroup conflict resolution
Authors: Halevy Nir , Berson Yair
Published: April 2022

The current research reveals that the pursuit of peace entails an inherent paradox. The urgent need to save lives and alleviate human suffering necessitates swift solutions to the problem of intergroup conflict. However, because the human mind associates peace with longer time horizons, people anticipate peace more when considering the distant rather than the near future. Six experiments demonstrate a robust and large effect whereby thinking about the distant future promotes the prospects of peace compared to thinking about the near future. These experiments also provide evidence for the role that construal fit, that is, the tendency to match high temporal distance with abstractness, plays in this effect. We discuss implications for shorter-term and longer-term peace interventions.
What can journals do to increase the publication of research on the acquisition of understudied languages? A commentary on Kidd and Garcia (2022)
Authors: Paradis Johanne
Published: April 2022

This commentary focuses on what editors and reviewers could do to increase the publication of research on understudied languages. Specifically, I discuss three areas in which editors and reviewers could shift their perspectives and, in so doing, support the goal of increasing diversity in our field: (1) Rethinking the criteria for novelty of contribution, (2) Contextualizing sample sizes and methods and (3) Embracing multilingualism as typical development. Finally, I discuss issues around achieving equity in an English-dominant publishing world.
The digital ecosystem information framework: Insights from action design research
Authors: Gill Asif Qumer
Published: April 2022

Digital ecosystem (DE) is a dynamic configuration of informational organisms, individual and organisational actors, which interact in the digitally networked and federated environment. Traditional approaches are challenged by the need for handling information in complex DE where information flows beyond the boundary of a single actor. This article presents the informational organism-interaction centric digital ecosystem information (DEi) framework for information operations, management, and governance. The DEi framework emerged based on the insights obtained through the application of well-known thematic network analysis and abstraction, reflection and learning techniques to 15 action design research projects across nine different industry partners in Australia. The DEi framework includes 27 topics that are organised into nine key knowledge and three focus areas. The DEi framework can be used by researchers and practitioners as a resource for designing digital information capabilities as appropriate to their context.
Open Bedside Tracheostomy: Safe and Cost Saving but Underutilized Nationally
Authors: Tang Liyang , West Jonathan , Lee Esther , Kharidia Khush , Hasday Steven , Chambers Tamara , Kokot Niels , Swanson Mark , O'Dell Karla
Published: April 2022

Objective

To evaluate open bedside tracheostomy (OBT) and compare it with open operating room (OR) tracheostomy and bedside percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) in complications and cost. To determine the tracheostomy practice patterns of academic otolaryngology programs.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study and cross‐sectional study.

Setting

Public hospital and tertiary care hospital.

Methods

Otolaryngology program directors were surveyed to determine their institutions’ tracheostomy practice patterns and the factors preventing the implementation of open bedside tracheostomies. A retrospective chart review was done of tracheostomies performed at our institutions from 2009 to 2019 for prolonged mechanical ventilation. Complications, length of intubation, comorbidities, body mass index, demographics, mortality rates, and decannulation rates were recorded. A cost analysis between OBT and PDT was conducted.

Results

Data from 802 patients were analyzed for 449 OBTs, 206 PDTs, and 147 open OR tracheostomies. Complication rates were low. PDTs were more likely to have perioperative tracheal bleeding (P = .028) and mucus plugging (P = .006). OBTs were performed on sicker patients with a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index than PDT and OR tracheostomies. The cost of OBT was less than that of PDT. The survey response rate of tracheostomy practice patterns was 46%. The otolaryngologists at the responding programs all conducted OR tracheostomies, while 52.7% did OBTs and 30.9% PDTs.

Conclusion

OBT can be done safely in patients with multiple comorbidities and has a cost that can be less than PDT. Despite these benefits, only 50% of academic institutions routinely performed OBT.

Level of Evidence

3