bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DENGAN MINAT AKSEPTOR KB SUNTIK MENGGUNAKAN AKDR Di BPM Ny. Tipuk Riani di Desa Sumberkepuh Kecamatan Tanjunganom Kabupaten Nganjuk
Authors: KOMARIYAH SITI , PUSPITA VIA WULAN
Published: September 2019

AKDR adalah alat kontrasepsi dalam rahim. Efek samping AKDR jika tidak diketahui oleh akseptor KB suntik dengan benar maka kecenderungan drop out meningkat atau berkurangnya minat dalam penggunaan AKDR yang harus dapat diantisipasi secara dini.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dengan minat akseptor KB suntik menggunakan AKDR.

Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan korelasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian semua akseptor KB suntik yang periksa di BPM Ny. Tipuk Riani, dengan teknik accidental sampling diperoleh sampel sejumlah 53 responden. Variabel independentyaitu pengetahuan akseptor KB suntik tentang AKDR, variabel dependentyaitu minat akseptor KB suntik menggunakan AKDR.Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner. Lokasi penelitian diBPM Ny. Tipuk Riani desa Sumberkepuh kecamatan Tanjunganom kabupaten Nganjuk. Waktu penelitian 9 April 2016 – 2 Agustus 2016.Pengolahan data dengan cara editing, coding, scoring, tabulating. Data dianalisis menggunakan Spearman Rank.

Hasil penelitian didapatkan pengetahuan akseptor KB suntikberpengetahuan cukup tentang AKDR sebanyak26 (49,0%) responden. Minat akseptor KB suntik memiliki minat tinggimenggunakan AKDR sebanyak46 (86,7%) responden. Hasil uji statistik didapatkan Zhitung = 3,40dan bila dibandingkan dengan Ztabel α = 0,05 adalah 1,960 maka Zhitung>Ztabelyaitu 3,40 > 1,960.

H1 diterima artinya ada hubungan pengetahuan dengan minat Akseptor KB suntik menggunakan AKDR.Informasi tentang KB AKDR lebih di tingkatkan sehingga akseptor KB suntik mampu menentukan metode kontrasepsi terbaik yang akan digunakan.Pengetahuan yang cukup tentang AKDR akan menjadi dasarmeningkatnya minat menggunakan AKDR.

Kata Kunci : Pengetahuan, Akseptor KB Suntik, Minat, AKDR
银行网点目标达成的经济学分析
Authors: 张 乖利
Published: September 2019

日常管理的核心在于网点业绩目标的达成，日常管理的基础在于网点科学的目标分解，把上级行下达的全年目标分解到每月的规模业绩指标，每周的客户目标和每日的客户管理规范行为，然后通过每日有效的两会三巡两示范确保当日行为目标的达成，再加上有效的周例会和月度经营分析会确保每周客户结构优化指标和月度业绩发展规模目标的达成。
铝模租赁会计核算及实物管理问题的探究
Authors: 赵 君彦 , 张 苗
Published: September 2019

近年来，随着房产建造品质和施工效率的不断提升，铝模作为新型周转材料，快速进入了房产建造领域。铝模租赁目前是房产施工领域最为常见的合作模式。由于铝模体系经加工后可循环使用，如何准确核算铝模租赁成本是困扰铝模生产厂商的难题。论文主要对铝模租赁会计核算及实物管理进行研究，以供参考。
幼儿留置针置管室联合责任制整体护理在儿科护理中的应用
Authors: 陈 秀玲 , 董 如雪 , 梁 娟 , 薛 良
Published: September 2019

为了探讨幼儿留置针置管室联合责任制整体护理在儿科护理中的应用效果，将我科2018 年1 月—2018 年6 月收治的符合要求的患儿100 名作为对照组，实施常规护理；将我科2018 年7 月—2018 年12 月收治的符合要求的患儿120 名作为实验组，实施幼儿留置针置管室联合责任制整体护理。分析对比2 组患儿及家属的满意度、护理质量评分及静脉穿刺置管一针穿刺成功率。结果显示，实验组静脉穿刺置管一针穿刺成功率、患儿及家属的满意度及护理质量评分明显优于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P0.05）。由此得出，实施幼儿留置针置管室联合责任制整体护理能明显提高患儿家属满意度，提高护理质量及患儿静脉穿刺置管一针穿刺成功率。
针对人群性格特征对门诊 216 例患者投诉情况的分析
Authors: 何 媛 , 高 华
Published: September 2019

为了对门诊2017—2018 年216 例投诉事件进行剖析，并采取对应措施进行化解，减少对医院的负面影响，从而提升患者对医院的满意度，分析了医院门诊2 年来各类投诉事件，针对不同人群性格特点，调整不同投诉接待工作方法，做出相对应的处理对策。结果显示，针对不同性格特征人群的患者投诉，采取了适当的处理技巧，得到了对应的处理对策。由此得出，应针对投诉人群不同性格特征解决投诉问题，化解医患之间的矛盾，促进医患互相理解，减少对医院的负面影响，从而提升医疗服务质量和内涵。所以，处理好患者与家属的投诉是增进医患关系、提高医护质量的重要桥梁。
Seorang penderita sindrom nefrotik relaps dengan gambaran histologi minimal change disease (MCD) yang diduga mengalami evolusi menjadi focal segmented glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
Authors: Wiguna Putu Dhenny Wahyu , Sudhana Wayan
Published: September 2019

Minimal change disease (MCD) merupakan penyebab sindrom nefrotik pada 10% -15% orang dewasa. Hiperseluleritas ringan mesangial dapat ditemukan tapi jarang pada pasien MCD (3% sampai 5%). Ditemukanya hyperseluleritas mesangial pada MCD dapat berkorelasi dengan peningkatan resistensi terhadap terapi kortikosteroid, dan merupakan langkah perantara dalam kasus evolusi (perkembangan) MCD ke fokal segmented gromelurosclerosis (FSGS). Telah dilaporkan seorang perempuan 13 tahun dengan keluhan bengkak pada kelopak mata, tangan dan kaki. Pada pasien telah dilakukan pemeriksaan laboratorium didapatkan dengan albumin serum 2,4 g/dl; cholesterol total 396 g/dl;  protein loss 6g/24jam; protein urin (+3). Pasien telah terdiagosis sindrom nefrotik 2 tahun sebelumnya dan dinyatakan sembuh. Saat ini pasien didiagnosis dengan sindroma nefrotik relaps, dan telah dilakukan biopsi ginjal dengan gambaran peningkatan matriks dan seluleritas mesangial, foam cell changes pada tubuli dan adanya inflamasi pada jaringan interstisial, yang mengarah pada diagnosis MCD yang diduga mengalami evolusi (perkembangan) menuju FSGS. Kasus ini diangkat karena merupakan kasus jarang yang memiliki prognosis yang kurang baik terkait resistensi terhadap kortikosteroid.
Pengaruh Suplementasi Kapsul Ekstrak Ikan Gabus terhadap Kadar Albumin dan Berat Badan pada Anak dengan Sindrom Nefrotik
Authors: Gilda Geniza , Muryawan Heru
Published: September 2019

Latar belakang : Sindrom nefrotik (SN) merupakan penyakit ginjal terbanyak pada anak. Pengobatan sindrom nefrotik (SN) saat ini belum maksimal. Diet tambahan protein diharapkan meningkatkan kadar albumin serum dan menghilangkan edema sehingga menurunkan berat badan anak SN. Ikan gabus (Ophiocephalus striatus) merupakan sumber protein hewani yang memiliki kadar protein tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan pengaruh suplementasi kapsul ekstrak ikan gabus terhadap peningkatan kadar albumin serum dan penurunan berat badan pada anak SN. Metode : Penelitian uji klinis dengan historical control dilakukan di poliklinik dan bangsal anak RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang, pada 28 anak dengan sindrom nefrotik, yang terbagi dalam 14 orang kelompok perlakuan dan 14 orang kelompok kontrol. Kelompok perlakuan mendapatkan suplementasi kapsul ekstrak ikan gabus 150 mg sebanyak dua kali sehari. Suplementasi ikan gabus diberikan setiap hari selama 14 hari. Kadar albumin dan berat badan diukur sebelum dan setelah suplementasi. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji t independent dan uji Mann Whitney. Hasil : Rerata perubahan kadar albumin pada kelompok perlakuan yaitu 0,92 ± 1,105 g/dL dan kelompok kontrol yaitu 0,57 ± 0,422 g/dL. Rerata perubahan berat badan pada kelompok perlakuan yaitu -0,89 ± 1,576 kg dan kelompok kontrol 0,44 ± 1,823 kg. Terdapat peningkatan kadar albumin (p=0,015) dan penurunan berat badan (p=0,036) pada kelompok perlakuan dibanding kelompok kontrol. Simpulan : Suplementasi kapsul ekstrak ikan gabus dapat meningkatkan kadar albumin dan menurunkan berat badan anak SN
Observations of a Footpoint Drift of an Erupting Flux Rope
Authors: Zemanová Alena , Dudík Jaroslav , Aulanier Guillaume , Thalmann Julia K. , Gömöry Peter
Published: September 2019

We analyze the imaging observations of an M-class eruptive flare of 2015 November 4. The pre-eruptive Hα filament was modeled by the nonlinear force-free field model, which showed that it consisted of two helical systems. Tether-cutting reconnection involving these two systems led to the formation of a hot sigmoidal loop structure rooted in a small hook that formed at the end of the flare ribbon. Subsequently, the hot loops started to slip away from the small hook until it disappeared. The loops continued slipping and the ribbon elongated itself by several tens of arcseconds. A new and larger hook then appeared at the end of the elongated ribbon with hot and twisted loops rooted there. After the eruption of these hot loops, the ribbon hook expanded and later contracted. We interpret these observations in the framework of the recent three-dimensional (3D) extensions to the standard solar flare model predicting the drift of the flux rope footpoints. The hot sigmoidal loop is interpreted as the flux rope, whose footpoints drift during the eruption. While the deformation and drift of the new hook can be described by the model, the displacement of the flux rope footpoint from the filament to that of the erupting flux rope indicate that the hook evolution can be more complex than those captured by the model.
Nanostructural Composites in the WC/ZrO2 (Y2O3) System
Authors: Golub Aleksandr Valerievich , Semenov Oleg Vyacheslavovich , Gurtovoy Vladimir Nikolayevich
Published: September 2019

In this paper, we report on obtaining dense samples of composites in the WC/ZrO2(Y2O3) system with a nanoscale microstructure by the SPS method. A complete assessment of their properties, including cutting properties, was carried out. Microstructural characterization of the final samples was conducted using SEM.
Investigation of Composite Materials Impact Damage by a Computer Tomography
Authors: Bezzametnov O.N. , Mitryaykin Victor I. , Khaliulin Valentin I. , Statsenko E.O.
Published: September 2019

In this paper, a complex study of composite materials of different nature for the presence of internal defects after the application of impact damage was carried out. The dependence of the initiation energy on material damage from the magnitude of the impact energy is obtained. The areas of sample bundles were investigated by ultrasonic testing (UT). The structure of samples from composite materials was monitored using an industrial microtomography system. A technique was developed that allows highly accurate determining the size of internal sample defects by means of computed tomography (CT).
Selective Laser Melting of Nanocomposite Ti-6Al-4V and TiC Powder
Authors: Borisov Evgenii , Masaylo Dmitriy V. , Popovich Vera
Published: September 2019

The paper presents the study results of the selective laser melting process of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy and nanosized powder TiC composition. The results of the particles morphology study of resulting powder composition after blending are presented. The microstructure and mechanical characteristics of the obtained composite material were studied. Study of microstructures using optical and electron microscopes were conducted.
Formation of New Glass-Ceramic Materials with Controllable Dielectric and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Tyurnina Zoya G. , Tyurnina Natalya , Sviridov Sergey I. , Sinelshchikova Olga Yu. , Tumarkin Andrei V. , Drozdovskii Andrey V. , Vlasenko Natalya S.
Published: September 2019

Materials with strong susceptibility with respect to the electromagnetic field, namely, ferroelectric (FE) and ferromagnetic (FM) materials are of great interest for modern electronics. On the basis of ferroelectrics, devices such as varicades, delay lines, phase shifters, etc. are being actively developed. Ferromagnets (primarily ferrites) serve as the basis for directional couplers, circulators, valves, filters, phased antenna arrays, etc. Today, the most common method of creating functional composites, combining dielectric and magnetic properties, is the introduction of classical ferroelectrics, such as triglycine sulfate, Siegnette salt (KNaC4H4O6∙4H2O), sodium nitrite, etc. in iron-containing matrices. The relevance of this approach is due to the fact that when a ferroelectric is introduced into the FM matrix, it becomes possible to create composite multiferroic materials with two types of ordering (electric and magnetic). In this paper, we study the possibilities of creating glass-ceramic multiferroic materials based on Siegnette salt and barium titanate, introduced in the pore space of ferromagnetic glass, formed by ion exchange between alkaline glass cations and salt melt. For obtaining porous glass-ceramic materials by the method of ion exchange, potassium iron-containing silicate glasses are used in the work. 15K2O·20Fe2O3·55SiO2, mol. % (KFeSi).
La Charte de la Laïcité / The Charte de la Laïcité
Authors: Fiori Angelo
Published: September 2019

Non disponibile / Not available
La calle y el barrio como entornos violentos y espacios de subjetividad política de niños, niñas y jóvenes en la ciudad fronteriza de Cúcuta
Authors: Niño Nohora Constanza
Published: September 2019

Este artículo tiene como objetivo comprender los procesos de construcción de subjetividad política en niños, niñas y jóvenes que viven en un contexto de violencia armada. Para tal fin se reconoce la calle y el barrio como los espacios por excelencia en el que ellos y ellas se desenvuelven, se encuentran con otros actores, particularmente actores armados y, a partir de estas interacciones, van recreando y redefiniendo dicha violencia que incide en sus formas de construir comunidad. Señalamos que, en comunidades afectadas por esta violencia armada, que han sido replegadas del espacio público debido a su regulación y control por los actores violentos, los niños y niñas figuran protagónicamente disputando estos espacios a través de su cuerpo y sus interacciones, convirtiéndose en un elemento importante para evitar la pérdida total de socialidad y el carácter público de dichos espacios.
Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity and Some Secondary Metabolites of Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.) in Response to Biological and Chemical Fertilizers
Authors: Hajagha Reza Isazadeh , Tabrizi Leila , Kafkas Ebru , Kırıc Saliha
Published: September 2019

Purple coneflower (Echinacea pupurea L.) is an ornamental-medicinal plant belonging to Asteraceae family. It has long been used as an herbal medicine. In order to study the effects of biological and chemical fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative yields of purple coneflower, an experiment was conducted at Department of Horticultural Science and Landscape, University of Tehran. The trial was arranged based on a randomized complete block design, with eight treatments and three replications. Treatments were included control (no fertilizers), nitrogen-fixing, bacteria: Azospirillum lipoferum (AL), Azotobacter chrococum (AC), phosphorus solubilizing bacterium Pseudomonas fluorecens, (PF), Glomus intrradices inoculum (GI), the mixture of the three bacteria and the mixture of the three bacteria plus the mycorrhizal inoculum. According to the results of HPLC, Catechin content was high at herbage in both years. In addition, the best results have been taken from the AL and AC with the control. Caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and Epicatechin contents were higher during the first year of the herbage, and control, AC and AL treatments gave high value. Ferulic acid was high in the herbage during the first year and generally high values were obtained from PF and GI treatments. Quercetin content was high in plant root during the first year with AC application.
Investigations of potsherds of miniature cups and household pots from the first millennium AD (the case study on the Western Lithuanian ceramics)
Authors: Giraitis Raimondas , Bliujienė Audronė , Selskienė Aušra , Pakštas Vidas
Published: September 2019

This article presents data on the structure and elemental composition of hand-built miniature cups with a smooth surface, that were enclosed into burials as funeral pottery, and household pots dated to the first millennium AD found in four different archaeological sites of Western Lithuania. Investigated funeral and household pottery samples reflect the chemical composition of the local raw materials used for their production, while the variations in composition point to different clay locations, as well as use of distinct tempers and peculiarities of ceramics firing technology.
Maize-Legumes Rotation Effects on Growth and Yield of Maize in a Semi-Arid Agro-Ecology in Northern Ghana
Authors: Kanton R. A. L. , Prasad P. V. V. , Ansoba E. Y. , Alhassan A. L. , Bidzakin J. K. , Asungre P. A. , Denwar N. N. , Mahama G. Y.
Published: September 2019

Low soil fertility is the most significant agricultural production constraint also mentioned by resource-poor Farmers participating in the Annual Review and Planning Sessions organized under the auspices of the Research, Extension and Farmer Linkage Committees across Ghana. It is in an attempt to find a very cost effective but yet cheaper and most sustainable solution that this work was undertaken. A six-year field trials were conducted at the Manga Agricultural Research Station near Bawku in the Upper East Region in northern Ghana to determine the most suitable grain legume rotation partners for maize relative to continuous cultivation of maize (Zea mays L.) after maize, which is often practiced by cereal farmers under inherently poor soils conditions. The grain legumes evaluated were cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea), pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.], mucuna (Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC and green gram (Vigna radiate (L.) Wilczek. The trial was established in a randomized complete block with four replications. Growth, development, grain yield and its components and some derived variables were computed. Mean grain yield of maize in the first year, preceding rotation was 2055 Mt ha-1. All the grain legumes recorded significantly greater grain yields as compared to the farmers’ practice of continuous cultivation of maize. This is consistent with the very low Carbon and Nitrogen ratios recorded under the grain legumes as compared to the continuous maize treatment. Maize after pigeon pea, groundnuts and cowpea recorded consistently superior grain yields as compared to the other grain legumes and farmers’ practice. Mean grain yield increment recorded for one of the first cycle of rotation was as high as 62% over continuous cropping of maize. Similarly, mean grain yield increment of maize after pigeon pea, groundnut and cowpea over continuous maize was 42.5, 41.5 and 31.5% respectively, over the farmer practice. It was concluded that continuous crop rotation of grain legumes with maize resulted in higher maize grain yields as reflected in the superior economic returns on a sustainable basis than the current farmers’ practice of continuous cropping of maize after over the years. This obviously has important implications on food security at the farmer household level not only in northern Ghana but equally so in other countries with similar, agro-ecology zones in the African and Asian Continents.
Aflatoxin Contamination of Maize Meal Sold and Consumed in the Three Main Cities of North-Kivu Province of the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Gloire Kavugho Muvunga , Imungi Jasper K. , Njue Lucy
Published: September 2019

This study aimed to determine the incidence of aflatoxin contamination of maize meal in the North-Kivu province of D.R.C. The study was conducted in the Beni, Goma and Butembo, the major cities of the North-Kivu province of D.R.C. A multi-stage sampling was applied in all the cities. A total of 30 samples of maize grains were collected.

In each city, five principal open markets were considered and in each, sixteen vendors were chosen randomly. From them, two composite samples of 1.5 kg each of maize grains were collected, there by subdividing randomly the sixteen vendors in two groups of eight vendors. Each composite sample of maize grains collected from eight vendors was milled and then a final composite sample of maize meal of one kilogram was taken for laboratory analysis. 25 samples (10 from Beni, 10 from Goma and 5 from Butembo) where milled raw, while 5 other samples from Butembo where grilled before and then where milled. All the samples were analyzed for total aflatoxins using ELISA Kit method according to the manufacturer. Data were subjected to one way ANOVA using Genstat® Discovery 13thEdition at 95% confidence interval (P≤ 0.05). Variable means for measurements showing significant differences in the ANOVA were compared using the LSD. Values were judged to be significantly different by LSD if P< 0.05.

The mean levels of aflatoxins in all the maize meals collected in the 3 cities are above 10ppb, the acceptable level of aflatoxins in maize meals for human consumption. The means range between 18.34 and 20.98 ppb, the highest level being in samples collected in Goma city. These results confirm the statement that the maize consumers in all the 3 cities (Beni, Goma and Butembo) are exposed to aflatoxin-contamination as the consumed maize meals are contaminated with aflatoxin at levels surpassing the limits. However, Goma city is highly exposed to aflatoxin contamination.
Micro Process Engineering and Flow Chemistry – Continuation of a Success Story
Authors: Dittmeyer Roland
Published: September 2019

No abstract.
Simultaneous Polychromatic Immunofluorescent Staining of Tissue Sections and Consecutive Imaging of up to Seven Parameters by Standard Confocal Microscopy
Authors: Schmidt Alfonso J. , Mayer Johannes U. , Wallace Paul K. , Ronchese Franca , Price Kylie M.
Published: September 2019

Confocal microscopy has been an important imaging tool for life scientists for over 20 years. Early techniques focused on indirect staining processes that involved staining with an unconjugated primary antibody, followed by incubation with a secondary fluorescent antibody that would reveal and amplify the signal of the primary antibody. With more and more directly conjugated fluorescent primary antibodies becoming commercially available, staining with multiple fluorescent primary antibodies is now more frequent. To date, staining with up to three primary antibodies and a nuclear dye is widely practiced.

Here, we describe an important improvement to the standard polychromatic immunofluorescent staining protocol that allows the simultaneous detection of seven fluorescent parameters using a standard confocal laser scanning microscope with four laser lines and four photomultiplier tubes. By incorporating recently available tandem dyes that emit in the blue and violet regions of the visible light spectrum (Brilliant Blue and Brilliant Violet), we were able to differentiate several additional fluorochromes simultaneously. Due to the added complexity of 7‐color immunofluorescent imaging, we developed a clear methodology to optimize antibody concentrations and simple guidelines on how to identify and correct non‐specific signals. These are detailed in the following protocol. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Basic Protocol: 7‐Color immunofluorescent staining protocol using directly conjugated antibodies

Support Protocol 1: Antibody titration protocol

Support Protocol 2: Spillover optimization protocol
Clog detection method in metal tubes using group delay characteristics in electromagnetic waves
Authors: Hasegawa Yuki , Hiroki Seiya , Motojima Kuniyuki
Published: September 2019

In large‐scale factories or power plants metal tube clogging sometimes leads to serious accidents. However, metal tube testing for the detection of foreign objects requires a long testing time and considerable effort. Therefore, we proposed an original inspection method of a single metallic tube using electromagnetic wave reflection in the tube. However, for branched tubes, it is difficult to estimate the position of the clog by electromagnetic wave reflection. To evaluate the position of clog in the branched tubes, we proposed a new detection method using the group delay time in electromagnetic waves. The group delay time in electromagnetic waves is slightly affected by the bifurcation area. To verify the new method, the group delay time characteristics were measured in the branched tubes. The position of clog could be easily detected by the proposed method.
Design method considering the frequency band of the disturbance in the DC link voltage control system of hybrid electric vehicle driving systems
Authors: Heo Jongwon , Kondo Keiichiro
Published: September 2019

DC link voltage variable systems with DC/DC converter are used in hybrid electric vehicles for improving the power of the system by boosting the DC link voltage. Voltage feedback control using only proportional compensator has been proposed as a control method for the DC/DC converter. The control system can be easily designed, but there is a possibility that a steady‐state error occurs in the DC link voltage. In this paper, a proportional integral compensator is proposed to eliminate the steady‐state error of the DC link voltage in DC link voltage feedback controllers. In addition, when designing the gain of the compensator, the frequency band of the disturbance is considered. The proposed method is verified through experiments on the downsizing model.
A Quality Improvement Study: Comparison of Volume‐Based and Rate‐Based Tube Feeding Efficacy and Clinical Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Swiatlo Travis , Berta Janine W. , Mauldin Kasuen
Published: September 2019

Background

Adequate nutrition (receiving ≥80% of estimated energy requirements [EER]) is important in preventing and treating malnutrition and improving clinical outcomes. In conventional rate‐based tube feeding (RBTF), patients are prescribed a constant infusion rate. Per volume‐based tube feeding (VBTF), the hourly infusion rate can be increased (max 150 mL/h) to make up for feeding deficits, ensuring patients receive the targeted 24‐hour volume. This study compared clinical outcomes between patients on VBTF vs RBTF.

Methods

Data were collected from medical charts of patients within a 5‐month period. Inclusion criteria included patients ≥18 years of age who were admitted to an intensive care unit and receiving enteral nutrition for at least 24 hours.

Results

More patients on VBTF (n = 77; 55.8% females, age 59.9 ± 18.1 years, body mass index [BMI] 29.7 ± 17.7 kg/m2) received adequate nutrition (VBTF: 88.3%, 93.1 ± 11.3% EER; RBTF: 36.4%, 71.3 ± 35.8% EER) than those on RBTF (n = 206; 35.9% females, age 61 ± 15 years, BMI 28.3 ± 6.5 kg/m2) during the first crucial 7 days of nutrition support. No significant differences in adverse outcomes (hyperglycemia P = 0.052, hypoglycemia P = 0.168, emesis P = 0.084, diarrhea P = 0.470, and high gastric output P = 0.096) were found between the groups.

Conclusion

VBTF can help promote nutrition adequacy. This study provides evidence for clinicians to be more proactive and aggressive in providing tube feeding in the critical care setting when patients are deemed appropriate for VBTF.
Prealbumin Is Associated With In‐Hospital Mortality in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Nichols Dan C. , Flannery Alexander H. , Magnuson Barbara L. , Cook Aaron M.
Published: September 2019

Background

Prealbumin (PAB) has been shown to be a useful index of nutrition status in clinically stable patients. In the setting of critical illness, however, PAB is a negative acute phase reactant and may also reflect severity of illness. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between PAB and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients.

Methods

This was a single‐center, retrospective, nonrandomized cohort study of adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Baseline PAB and change in PAB were analyzed. The primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality, and the secondary outcome was hospital length of stay (LOS). Data collected included PAB levels, Charlson Comorbidity Index, LOS, in‐hospital mortality, and nutrition intake. Linear and logistic regressions were used to characterize the association between PAB levels and clinical outcomes.

Results

Our study included 926 patients. Patients expiring in hospital experienced a greater decrease in PAB over time, −1.3 vs −0.7 mg/dL (odds ratio 0.94 [0.9–0.98] in multivariable regression, P = .002). Baseline PAB was not associated with in‐hospital mortality or LOS. Exploratory analyses demonstrated a weak correlation between nutrition and change in PAB.

Conclusion

Our data demonstrate that change in PAB is associated with hospital mortality. Nutrition intake weakly correlated with change in PAB. PAB does not appear to be a robust marker of nutrition therapy but may have value as a prognostic indicator in the ICU setting.
Study on Electromagnetic Radiation Generated During Detonation
Authors: Ren Huilan , Chu Zhuxin , Li Jianqiao
Published: September 2019

Electromagnetic radiation generated by an explosion significantly interferes with devices used in explosion tests. To study this electromagnetic radiation generated during the explosion of explosives, experiments using different masses of composition B explosives were performed, where coils were used to measure electromagnetic pulses generated by the explosion. The acquired signals were de‐noised by a wavelet analysis to extract the real signals. Three typical pulses were identified at different times after detonation, which were locally amplified and investigated in detail to differentiate their origins. Based on this analysis, a numerical simulation of the entire explosion process was performed. The EXPLOSION‐3D hydrocode was used to simulate the experimental cases, and the propagation of the air shock wave over time was modelled. Comparing the experimental and calculated results, we made the following observations. First, an electromagnetic pulse was directly generated by the high‐temperature plasma produced by detonation of the composition B explosive; second, an electromagnetic pulse was generated by charged particles, which were in turn generated by the unbalanced and incompletely ionized plasma formed by the shock wave reflected from the ground meeting the front shock wave; and third, an pulse was caused by the shock wave impacting the measuring coils and was considered an experimental artefact and not a result of the explosion.
Comparison of Propellant Processing by Cast‐Cure and Resonant Acoustic Mixing
Authors: Zebregs Martijn , Mayer Alfons E. H. J. , van der Heijden Antoine E. D. M.
Published: September 2019

In this comparative study, a solid composite, AN/HTPB‐based propellant was prepared by conventional processing in a mechanical mixer and by applying an advanced processing technique relying on resonant acoustic mixing (RAM). After curing of the propellants, cross‐sections were prepared and characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Also the density of the propellants was measured and finally the ballistic properties were measured using chimney burner tests. The experimental results clearly showed that the oxidizer particles, the homogeneity of the propellants, the density and the burn rate properties are hardly affected by the processing method. For the propellant studied in this research, resonant acoustic mixing is a very promising, advanced processing technique that can be applied as an alternative to the conventional mechanical mixing of this high solid load propellant composition.
Can the Global Problem of Marine Litter Be Considered a Crisis?
Authors: Mæland Carmen E. , Staupe‐Delgado Reidar
Published: September 2019

Marine plastic litter and microplastics pollution is a global governance problem with unknown and potentially dire consequences. Efforts to promote individual‐centered solutions to the problem are increasingly necessary but are insufficient to tackle the root causes of the problem. Therefore, a concerted policy response at the global level is imperative. The success of such efforts necessarily depends on the way in which the problem is framed and understood, including its degree of urgency. This paper engages with this problem by considering the nature of the issue in light of the crisis term and argues that the global problem of marine litter may be more productively considered a “creeping crisis” given the complexity, scope, and spatio‐temporally fragmented nature of the problem.
Volume lemmas and large deviations for partially hyperbolic endomorphisms
Authors: CRUZ ANDERSON , FERREIRA GIOVANE , VARANDAS PAULO
Published: September 2019

We consider partially hyperbolic attractors for non-singular endomorphisms admitting an invariant stable bundle and a positively invariant cone field with non-uniform cone expansion at a positive Lebesgue measure set of points. We prove volume lemmas for both Lebesgue measure on the topological basin of the attractor and the SRB measure supported on the attractor. As a consequence, under a mild assumption we prove exponential large-deviation bounds for the convergence of Birkhoff averages associated to continuous observables with respect to the SRB measure.
A Typology of Ancient Purépecha (Tarascan) Architecture from Angamuco, Michoacán, Mexico
Authors: Fisher Christopher T. , Cohen Anna S. , Solinis-Casparius Rodrigo , Pezzutti Florencia L. , Bush Jason , Forest Marion , Torvinen Andrea
Published: September 2019

The morphological study of architectural features, the building arrangement within urban spaces, and multiscalar variation are critical for understanding urbanism as a process. Building types and architectural typologies form the foundational blocks of urban morphology and are essential for identifying architectural patterning. We use a process-typological approach to present an architectural typology from the ancient Purépecha (Tarascan) city of Angamuco, located in the Lake Pátzcuaro Basin, Michoacán, Mexico. Using archaeological survey, lidar analysis, and excavation, we analyze building foundations from houses and public structures; storage facilities; monumental architecture such as pyramids, altars, and public buildings; and landscape features such as plazas, roads, terraces, and raised roadways locally known ashuatziri. Our typology enhances understanding of the dense urban environment of this important prehispanic city during and after the formation of the Purépecha Empire.
Personalised nutrition – phenotypic and genetic variation in response to dietary intervention
Authors: Gibney Eileen R.
Published: September 2019

Personalised nutrition allows individual differences in dietary, lifestyle, anthropometry, phenotype and/or genomic profile to be used to direct specific dietary advice. For personalised nutrition advice to be effective both sides need to be considered; firstly, that factors influencing variation in response to dietary intervention are identified and appropriate advice can be derived and secondly; that these are then used effectively in the provision of nutrition advice, resulting in a positive dietary and/or lifestyle behaviour change. There is considerable evidence demonstrating genetic and phenotypic influence on the biological response to the consumption of nutrients and bioactives. However, findings are often mixed, with studies often investigating at the level of a single nutrient/bioactive and/or a single genetic/phenotypic variation, meaning the derivation of specific advice at a dietary level in an individual/group of individuals can be complex. Similarly, the impact of using this information to derive personalised advice is also mixed, with some studies demonstrating no effectiveness and others showing a significant impact. The present paper will outline examples of phenotypic and genetic variation influencing response to nutritional interventions, and will consider how they could be used in the provision of personalised nutrition.
INTRODUCTION
Authors: Gandolfo Giancarlo
Published: September 2019

It is a great pleasure for me to introduce this special issue in honor of Clifford Wymer. This special issue (which has been jointly edited by Giovanni Di Bartolomeo, Daniela Federici, and Enrico Saltari) is a fitting tribute to a great scholar. We all know him well, so there is no need for me to eulogize him.
Undifferentiated intimal sarcoma mimicking a mycotic	aneurysm
Authors: Seo Hiroyuki , Hirai Hidekazu , Aoyama Takanobu , Suehiro Yasuo , Kubota Yuko , Suehiro Shigefumi
Published: September 2019

Summary: Intimal sarcoma of arteries is a rare malignant tumor, which often mimics other vascular disorders; therefore, preoperative diagnosis is often challenging. We herein report a 71-year-old man who presented with fever and elevated inflammatory markers who had a mass in the left internal iliac artery with rapid growth. Based on clinical findings, a diagnosis of mycotic aneurysm was made. We performed surgical intervention, including resection of the affected vessels with omentopexy, although intraoperative findings were not typical of a mycotic aneurysm. Microscopic and immunohistochemical examination demonstrated undifferentiated intimal sarcoma. The patient died of multiorgan failure two months after the surgery. The vascular surgeon should consider the possibility of a diagnosis of intimal sarcoma for patients with atypical findings and the importance of histological and immunohistochemical examination for precise diagnosis in surgical vascular cases.
Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) deficiency suppresses erythropoiesis by disrupting expression of heme biosynthetic enzymes and transporter
Authors: Zhao Peng , Qian Christopher , Chen Yun-Jin , Sheng Yuan , Ke Ya , Qian Zhong-Ming
Published: September 2019

The reduced iron usage induced by the suppression of erythropoiesis is a major cause of the systemic iron overload in CBS knockout (CBS−/−) mice. However, the relevant mechanisms are unknown. Here, we examined changes in granulocyte/erythroid cell ratios, iron content, and expression of iron-metabolism proteins, including; two key enzymes involved in the heme biosynthetic pathway, ALAS2 (delta-aminolevulinate synthase 2) and FECH (ferrochelatase), a heme exporter from the cytosol and mitochondria, FLVCR (feline leukemia virus subgroup C cellular receptor) as well as EPO (erythropoietin), EPOR (erythropoietin receptor) and HIF-2α (hypoxia inducible factor-2 subunit α), in the blood, bone marrow or liver of CBS−/−(homozygous), CBS+/−(heterozygous) and CBS+/+(Wild Type) mice. Our findings demonstrate that CBS deficiency can induce a significant reduction in the expression of ALAS2, FECH, FLVCR, HIF-2α, EPO, and EPOR as well as an increase in interleukin-6 (IL-6), hepcidin and iron content in the blood, bone marrow or liver of mice. We conclude that the suppression of erythropoiesis is mainly due to the CBS deficiency-induced disruption in the expression of heme biosynthetic enzymes and heme-transporter.
The transferability of lipid loci across African, Asian and European cohorts
Authors: Kuchenbaecker Karoline , Telkar Nikita , Reiker Theresa , Walters Robin G. , Lin Kuang , Eriksson Anders , Gurdasani Deepti , Gilly Arthur , Southam Lorraine , Tsafantakis Emmanouil , Karaleftheri Maria , Seeley Janet , Kamali Anatoli , Asiki Gershim , Millwood Iona Y. , Holmes Michael , Du Huaidong , Guo Yu , Kumari Meena , Dedoussis George , Li Liming , Chen Zhengming , Sandhu Manjinder S. , Zeggini Eleftheria ,   Understanding Society Scientific Group, Benzeval Michaela , Burton Jonathan , Buck Nicholas , Jäckle Annette , Laurie Heather , Lynn Peter , Pudney Stephen , Rabe Birgitta , Wolke Dieter
Published: September 2019

Most genome-wide association studies are based on samples of European descent. We assess whether the genetic determinants of blood lipids, a major cardiovascular risk factor, are shared across populations. Genetic correlations for lipids between European-ancestry and Asian cohorts are not significantly different from 1. A genetic risk score based on LDL-cholesterol-associated loci has consistent effects on serum levels in samples from the UK, Uganda and Greece (r = 0.23–0.28, p < 1.9 × 10−14). Overall, there is evidence of reproducibility for ~75% of the major lipid loci from European discovery studies, except triglyceride loci in the Ugandan samples (10% of loci). Individual transferable loci are identified using trans-ethnic colocalization. Ten of fourteen loci not transferable to the Ugandan population have pleiotropic associations with BMI in Europeans; none of the transferable loci do. The non-transferable loci might affect lipids by modifying food intake in environments rich in certain nutrients, which suggests a potential role for gene-environment interactions.
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived vocal fold mucosa mimics development and responses to smoke exposure
Authors: Lungova Vlasta , Chen Xia , Wang Ziyue , Kendziorski Christina , Thibeault Susan L.
Published: September 2019

Development of treatments for vocal dysphonia has been inhibited by lack of human vocal fold (VF) mucosa models because of difficulty in procuring VF epithelial cells, epithelial cells’ limited proliferative capacity and absence of cell lines. Here we report development of engineered VF mucosae from hiPSC, transfected via TALEN constructs for green fluorescent protein, that mimic development of VF epithelial cells in utero. Modulation of FGF signaling achieves stratified squamous epithelium from definitive and anterior foregut derived cultures. Robust culturing of these cells on collagen-fibroblast constructs produces three-dimensional models comparable to in vivo VF mucosa. Furthermore, we demonstrate mucosal inflammation upon exposure of these constructs to 5% cigarette smoke extract. Upregulation of pro-inflammatory genes in epithelium and fibroblasts leads to aberrant VF mucosa remodeling. Collectively, our results demonstrate that hiPSC-derived VF mucosa is a versatile tool for future investigation of genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying epithelium-fibroblasts interactions in health and disease.
Thermo-responsive triple-function nanotransporter for efficient chemo-photothermal therapy of multidrug-resistant bacterial infection
Authors: Qing Guangchao , Zhao Xianxian , Gong Ningqiang , Chen Jing , Li Xianlei , Gan Yaling , Wang Yongchao , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Yuxuan , Guo Weisheng , Luo Yang , Liang Xing-Jie
Published: September 2019

New strategies with high antimicrobial efficacy against multidrug-resistant bacteria are urgently desired. Herein, we describe a smart triple-functional nanostructure, namely TRIDENT (Thermo-Responsive-Inspired Drug-Delivery Nano-Transporter), for reliable bacterial eradication. The robust antibacterial effectiveness is attributed to the integrated fluorescence monitoring and synergistic chemo-photothermal killing. We notice that temperature rises generated by near-infrared irradiation did not only melt the nanotransporter via a phase change mechanism, but also irreversibly damaged bacterial membranes to facilitate imipenem permeation, thus interfering with cell wall biosynthesis and eventually leading to rapid bacterial death. Both in vitro and in vivo evidence demonstrate that even low doses of imipenem-encapsulated TRIDENT could eradicate clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, whereas imipenem alone had limited effect. Due to rapid recovery of infected sites and good biosafety we envision a universal antimicrobial platform to fight against multidrug-resistant or extremely drug-resistant bacteria.
The Simon Effect Based on Allocentric and Egocentric Reference Frame: Common and Specific Neural Correlates
Authors: Li Hui , Liu Nan , Li You , Weidner Ralph , Fink Gereon R. , Chen Qi
Published: September 2019

An object’s location can be represented either relative to an observer’s body effectors (egocentric reference frame) or relative to another external object (allocentric reference frame). In non-spatial tasks, an object’s task-irrelevant egocentric position conflicts with the side of a task-relevant manual response, which defines the classical Simon effect. Growing evidence suggests that the Simon effect occurs not only based on conflicting positions within the egocentric but also within the allocentric reference frame. Although neural mechanisms underlying the egocentric Simon effect have been extensively researched, neural mechanisms underlying the allocentric Simon effect and their potential interaction with those underlying its egocentric variant remain to be explored. In this fMRI study, spatial congruency between the task-irrelevant egocentric and allocentric target positions and the task-relevant response hand was orthogonally manipulated. Behaviorally, a significant Simon effect was observed for both reference frames. Neurally, three sub-regions in the frontoparietal network were involved in different aspects of the Simon effect, depending on the source of the task-irrelevant object locations. The right precentral gyrus, extending to the right SMA, was generally activated by Simon conflicts, irrespective of the spatial reference frame involved, and showed no additive activity to Simon conflicts. In contrast, the right postcentral gyrus was specifically involved in Simon conflicts induced by task-irrelevant allocentric, rather than egocentric, representations. Furthermore, a right lateral frontoparietal network showed increased neural activity whenever the egocentric and allocentric target locations were incongruent, indicating its functional role as a mismatch detector that monitors the discrepancy concerning allocentric and egocentric object locations.
Role of mitochondria in rescuing glycolytically inhibited subpopulation of triple negative but not hormone-responsive breast cancer cells
Authors: Reda Asmaa , Refaat Alaa , Abd-Rabou Ahmed A. , Mahmoud Ali Mokhtar , Adel Mohamed , Sabet Salwa , Ali Sameh Saad
Published: September 2019

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype is among the most aggressive cancers with the worst prognosis and least therapeutic targetability while being more likely to spread and recur. Cancer transformations profoundly alter cellular metabolism by increasing glucose consumption via glycolysis to support tumorigenesis. Here we confirm that relative to ER-positive cells (MCF7), TNBC cells (MBA-MD-231) rely more on glycolysis thus providing a rationale to target these cells with glycolytic inhibitors. Indeed, iodoacetate (IA), an effective GAPDH inhibitor, caused about 70% drop in MDA-MB-231 cell viability at 20 μM while 40 μM IA was needed to decrease MCF7 cell viability only by 30% within 4 hours of treatment. However, the triple negative cells showed strong ability to recover after 24 h whereas MCF7 cells were completely eliminated at concentrations <10 μM. To understand the mechanism of MDA-MB-231 cell survival, we studied metabolic modulations associated with acute and extended treatment with IA. The resilient TNBC cell population showed a significantly greater count of cells with active mitochondria, lower apoptotic markers, normal cell cycle regulations, moderately lowered ROS, but increased mRNA levels of p27 and PARP1; all compatible with enhanced cell survival. Our results highlight an interplay between PARP and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in TNBC that comes into play in response to glycolytic disruption. In the light of these findings, we suggest that combined treatment with PARP and mitochondrial inhibitors may provide novel therapeutic strategy against TNBC.
The diagnostic role of the β-hCG discriminatory zone combined with the endometrial pattern for ectopic pregnancy in Chinese women
Authors: Lu Qi , Wang Yiwei , Sun Xiao , Li Yuhong , Wang Jing , Zhou Yun , Wang Yudong
Published: September 2019

Previous studies have regarded the discriminatory serum β-hCG zone (DSZ) as a valuable tool for the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy (EP). However, the wide range of the DSZ makes achieving a clinical diagnosis of EP difficult, and these reports do not indicate whether the DSZ is suitable for an EP diagnosis in Chinese women. Several studies have indicated that the endometrial pattern in patients with EPs is different from that in patients with intrauterine pregnancies (IUPs). The aims of this study were to define the DSZ cutoff value for Chinese women, test whether the endometrial pattern is a suitable predictor for EP, and assess the diagnostic value of these indicators. We enrolled participants with IUPs or EPs with abdominal pain and/or vaginal bleeding, and serum β-hCG level measurements and transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) were performed to assess the diagnostic value of the indicators for EP. The sensitivity and specificity for identifying an EP were improved by combining the DSZ, endometrial thickness and trilaminar pattern indexes. The results of this study might be helpful toward providing further options for the diagnosis of EP, especially for patients without hemoperitoneum or colporrhagia.