bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of the Narcotics Information Management System on Opioid Use Among Outpatients With Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders: Quasi-Experimental Study Using Interrupted Time Series
Authors: Lee Iyn-Hyang , Kim So Young , Park Susin , Ryu Jae Gon , Je Nam Kyung
Published: January 2024

Background

Opioids have traditionally been used to manage acute or terminal pain. However, their prolonged use has the potential for abuse, misuse, and addiction. South Korea introduced a new health care IT system named the Narcotics Information Management System (NIMS) with the objective of managing all aspects of opioid use, including manufacturing, distribution, sales, disposal, etc.

Objective

This study aimed to assess the impact of NIMS on opioid use.

Methods

We conducted an analysis using national claims data from 45,582 patients diagnosed with musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders between 2016 and 2020. Our approach included using an interrupted time-series analysis and constructing segmented regression models. Within these models, we considered the primary intervention to be the implementation of NIMS, while we treated the COVID-19 outbreak as the secondary event. To comprehensively assess inappropriate opioid use, we examined 4 key indicators, as established in previous studies: (1) the proportion of patients on high-dose opioid treatment, (2) the proportion of patients receiving opioid prescriptions from multiple providers, (3) the overlap rate of opioid prescriptions per patient, and (4) the naloxone use rate among opioid users.

Results

During the study period, there was a general trend of increasing opioid use. After the implementation of NIMS, significant increases were observed in the trend of the proportion of patients on high-dose opioid treatment (coefficient=0.0271; P=.01) and in the level of the proportion of patients receiving opioid prescriptions from multiple providers (coefficient=0.6252; P=.004). An abrupt decline was seen in the level of the naloxone use rate among opioid users (coefficient=–0.2968; P=.04). While these changes were statistically significant, their clinical significance appears to be minor. No significant changes were observed after both the implementation of NIMS and the COVID-19 outbreak.

Conclusions

This study suggests that, in its current form, the NIMS may not have brought significant improvements to the identified indicators of opioid overuse and misuse. Additionally, the COVID-19 outbreak exhibited no significant influence on opioid use patterns. The absence of real-time monitoring feature within the NIMS could be a key contributing factor. Further exploration and enhancements are needed to maximize the NIMS’ impact on curbing inappropriate opioid use.
Defining the Dimensions of Diversity to Promote Inclusion in the Digital Era of Health Care: A Lexicon
Authors: Sharma Yashoda , Saha Anindita , Goldsack Jennifer C
Published: January 2024

The pandemic provided a stark reminder of the inequities faced by populations historically marginalized by the health care system and accelerated the adoption of digital health technologies to drive innovation. Digital health technologies’ purported promises to reduce inefficiencies and costs, improve access and health outcomes, and empower patients add a new level of urgency to health equity. As conventional medicine shifts toward digital medicine, we have the opportunity to intentionally develop and deploy digital health technologies with an inclusion focus. The first step is ensuring that the multiple dimensions of diversity are captured. We propose a lexicon that encompasses elements critical for implementing an inclusive approach to advancing health care quality and health services research in the digital era.
Knowledge Attitude and Practice Towards Medical Research Among Medical Students in Alfashir University and Ahfad university 2017: A Comparative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Jaber Amin Mohammed Hammad
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

medical research training is an important part of medical education. This study was conducted to assess and compare the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practice regarding medical research in a group of students from Ahfad University for Women (AUW) and Alfashir University (FU), and to deduce whether having undergraduate course in research methodology would make any difference.

OBJECTIVE

This study was conducted to assess and compare the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practice regarding medical research in a group of students from Ahfad University for Women (AUW) and Alfashir University (FU), and to deduce whether having undergraduate course in research methodology would make any difference.

METHODS

It was a university based cross-sectional comparative study conducted among a group of Sudanese medical students in their clinical years. This was done through stratified sampling, using a validated questionnaire from the literature. The analysis of the data was done using SPSS version 20

RESULTS

the response rate in Alfashir University FU was 100% while it was 95.54% in Ahfad University for Women AUW. Scores on knowledge scale were 35.7% and 38.66% in FU and AUW respectively. Pursuing a career in research was motivated by elevating students’ professional standing as clinicians in 82.9% and 64.6% of student in FU and AUW respectively. reasons not to were because students believe that clinical practice is more important 57% in FU students, that its time consuming 57.8% in AUW. Barriers to research were lack of well-equipped lab facilities 87.9% in FU, and lack of funding 76% in AUW.

CONCLUSIONS

Medical students demonstrate variable levels of knowledge and attitude towards Medical research. Intensive training in this regard is associated with significant improvement in Knowledge and attitudes of students towards health research and subsequent improvement in post graduate research activity.
Content and ultrastructure of natural killer cells in the blood of patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Popova V.V. , Zak K.P. , Tronko M.D.
Published: January 2024

Background. In patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a small but statistically significant decrease in absolute number of natural killer (NK) cells (CD56+) in the peripheral blood (PB) was found, especially pronounced with concomitant obesity. In connection with the above, one of the main aims of the present report was to further study the role of NK cells in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM, including those with obesity. For this purpose, a combination of flow cytometry methods with scanning and transmission electron microscopy was used to determine the number and function of CD56+ cells in the PB of patients with T2DM. Materials and methods. We examined 144 patients of both sexes with newly diagnosed T2DM aged 40–70 years who had no other acute or chronic diseases and had not previously taken any hypoglycemic drugs. The control group consisted of 50 healthy individuals with normoglycemia aged 40–65 years who had not COVID-19 disease. Results. Our studies have found that in untreated patients with newly diagnosed T2DM compared to healthy controls, there is a very small statistically significant decrease in the absolute number of CD56+ cells in the PB. When combining flow cytometry (FACS method), transmission and scanning electron microscopy in patients with T2DM, a significant change in the ultrastructure of CD56+ cells was revealed, indicating a decrease in their function (an increase in the number of cells with a smoother surface of the cell membrane, a sharp decrease in the number of azurophilic granules in the cytoplasm considered the main producer of cytokines and perforins, the appearance of parallel tubular structures, biomarkers of decreased cell function, a disruption of the Golgi apparatus structure, granular endoplasmic reticulum, etc.). The data obtained indicate that at the initial stage of T2DM development in humans, there is a pronounced weakening in the function of NK cells and, consequently, the natural immune defense of the body and explain the increased susceptibility of diabetics to various viruses and infections, including COVID-19, and also more severe clinical course and increased mortality. Conclusions. The conducted studies show that in patients with T2DM who are at the initial stage of T2DM, there is a sharp disturbance in the submicroscopic organization of CD56+ cells, the most important cellular element of natural immunity, which suggests a weakening of the function of natural immune defense. It is the main cause of increased sensitivity of diabetic patients to infection with various pathogens, including the SARS-CoV-2, as well as more severe clinical course and increased mortality rate.
Long-diagnosed primary adrenal insufficiency in the setting of Werlhof’s disease. A clinical case report
Authors: Chernyavska I.V. , Skrypnyk N.V. , Pankiv V.I.
Published: January 2024

Chronic adrenal insufficiency is an endocrine disease caused by insufficient secretion of adrenal hormones due to dysfunction of one or more links of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The highest prevalence has been documented in Scandinavian countries: 15–22 people per 100,000 population, while other European countries report 10 cases per 100,000 population. Autoimmune adrenalitis is the most common cause of primary adrenal insufficiency in adults, and it can be either alone (40 %) or a component of autoimmune polyglandular syndromes (60 %). The etiologic factors of primary adrenal insufficiency include tuberculosis or AIDS. These causes of adrenal cortical insufficiency are particularly relevant in Ukraine. The article describes a clinical case of a patient with both primary adrenal insufficiency and Werlhof’s disease. The prevalence of adrenal insufficiency and etiologic factors of primary adrenal insufficiency are highlighted. A detailed differential diagnosis of primary adrenal insufficiency with other diseases that could cause clinical symptoms such as hypoglycemic states, severe weight loss, hypotension, severe muscle weakness, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia is performed. The basic principles of diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis in primary adrenal insufficiency are discussed. Despite typical, specific manifestations of adrenal insufficiency, diagnosis in real clinical practice is difficult. Awareness and vigilance of doctors regarding the symptoms of adrenal insufficiency is necessary. Late detection of chronic adrenal insufficiency can lead to complications. Timely diagnosis and treatment of chronic adrenal insufficiency improves disease prognosis and quality of life.
Transformative Liminality: A Reading of Genevieve L. Asenjo’s “Pangungumusta mula sa Balaan Bukid”
Authors: Ritumban Raymon D
Published: January 2024

In 2021, Filipino writer Genevieve L. Asenjo published her short story collection titled Ang Itim na Orkidyas ng Isla Boracay. Hailed as “Best Book of Short Fiction in Filipino” during the 40th National Book Awards, it consists of narratives that delve into the entanglement of the Philippines, the United States of America, and South Korea. Specifically, in the story “Pangungumusta mula sa Balaan Bukid” (“Pangungumusta” from hereon), South Korea is imagined as a liminal space for the “migratory,” namely, the migrant workers and refugees. In postcolonial thought, a liminal space is perceived as a threshold, a doorway, or a portal where waiting happens, interactions are exchanged, and decisions are made; and as such, in The Location of Culture, theorist Homi K. Bhabha describes it as an “in-between” space of ambivalence, a “third space” where there is neither self nor other. While existing discussions on migrant workers and refugees tend to focus on identity and mobility, the novelty of this paper lies in its problematization of the transformative point of their interaction: What happens when an Overseas Filipino Worker (OFW) gets entangled with a Palestinian refugee in Seoul? How does their interaction offer new perspective on what a liminal space is? The primary method is a textual analysis of “Pangungumusta” through a postcolonial lens. The author argues that in such entanglement a liminal space becomes transformative; and so, it is that which “naghatid . . . sa isang uri ng kaluwalhatian” (ushered in a kind of glory; Asenjo, 2021: 69). This paper is composed of three primary sections: an introduction of Asenjo and her works, a presentation of the plot of “Pangungumusta” and commentary on its postmodern form, and a discussion of liminal space as imagined in the narrative, concluding that liminality is indeed transformative, that is, as the liminal space spatially brings the characters together, it at the same time spells out their ideological differences, which makes transformation possible.
Do Shareholders Prefer Institutional Lead Plaintiffs?
Authors: Haslem Bruce D. , Wilford Amanda
Published: January 2024

Previous research has documented that institutional lead plaintiffs are associated with higher settlements and marginal improvements to governance following securities class action lawsuits. In this study, we examine the market reaction to an institution being named as lead plaintiff to examine whether the market views the improvements in governance to be worth the higher costs. We find that the abnormal returns surrounding the announcement of an institutional lead plaintiff are significantly positive, and significantly larger than the negative market reaction to the appointment of a non-institutional lead plaintiff. However, we find only weak evidence showing that the reaction is more positive for firms in greater need of governance improvement, nor is the quality of governance a consideration in seeking to be lead plaintiff. Instead, our results suggest that the market reaction is more positive when institutions retain ownership in the defendant firm, suggesting that their long-term interests are seen as more aligned with other existing shareholders.
Psychological and Molecular Genetic Correlates of Schizotypy in the General Population
Authors: Alfimova Margarita , Plakunova Viktoria , Kondratyev Nikolay , Lebedeva Irina , Golimbet Vera
Published: January 2024

For a long time, schizotypy was regarded as a manifestation of a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia. However, accumulated data suggest a complex, heterogeneous genetic etio­logy of schizotypal traits. This study is intended to answer the question of whether psychometric schizotypy should be further applied to the study and prevention of schizophrenia and to help provide care for individuals with high schizotypal severity, as the latter is often coupled with various signs of maladaptation. To explore the etiology of schizotypy, in this study the authors assessed the relations between cognitive & perceptual, paranoid, interpersonal and disorganizational factors in schizotypy and personality (n = 1,115), motivational (n = 645), cognitive processes (n = 557) and polygenic risk scores (PRS) of schizophrenia and schizotypy-related psychological traits (n = 417). The researchers used regression and network analyses. The study demonstrated that the severity of schizotypal traits does not correlate with the genetic burden of schizophrenia, but to a certain extent is associated to the polygenic predisposition to neuroticism. The latter could apparently influence schizotypal traits both directly and through the response set. However, the anxiety traits themselves do not mediate the relation between polygenic scores of neuroticism and schizotypal traits. Together with the source data, findings of this study point to the need to improve schizotypy assessment tools by introducing validity scales, and to adopt a genetically determined tendency to high neuroticism as a source of schizotypy in the general population, which requires further in-depth investigation.
DPRK UNDER KIM JONG-UN: KEY RESULTS OF THE FIRST DECADE (2012-2021)
Authors: Zakharova Liudmila , Asmolov Konstantin
Published: January 2024

The article examines the main trends and results of the political, military and economic deve­lopment of the DPRK in the first decade under the young leader Kim Jong-un. It shows that the state and party administration system has been gradually reshaped under the new leader, whose power has not diminished in comparison with his predecessors. Despite the lack of publicity, the reorganization of the North Korean administrative system has been progressing and was aimed at improving the quality of the state machinery and the party apparatus. The authors review the results of the country’s progress in the nuclear missile field. Given the development of the delivery systems, the nuclear missile potential of North Korea has gone past the minimum level of containing potential enemies and aims for reliability: chances of a successful retaliatory strike not only in the territory of allied America, but also in the continental territory of the USA have significantly increased. The paper highlights the main trends of strengthening the DPRK’s international positions in this period, as well as the remaining problems of the nuclear problem of North Korea.

The authors analyse the main directions of Kim Jong-un’s economic policy and the key challenges to the country’s economic development. The attempt to modernize the economy and embark on the path of sustainable growth through the expansion of foreign economic relations was disrupted by international sanctions. The ‘quasi-market’ reforms that began in the early years of Kim Jong-un’s rule and were closely connected with foreign trade exchange became sluggish, and the state strengthened administrative control over their allocation amid the shortage of domestic resources.

It is concluded that the main goals of the DPRK’s main state sub-systems (military, politics, economy) are subject to the task of maintaining the stability of the current management system of the country, as this is seen by the leader as a guarantee of the physical survival of the state.
Caucasian–Caspian Region in the Politics of the Russian Empire in the First Decade of the 18th Century
Authors: Magaramov Sharafutdin
Published: January 2024

The article focuses on the latest findings of the study on the Caspian foreign policy direction of the Russian Empire under Peter the Great. The heuristic work in the federal and regional archives of Russia helped to identify and introduce to academia over 300 original documents that allow to study the Russian policy in the south-western areas of the Caspian Sea in the first third of the 18th century, which became Russian territories after the Persian campaign. Detailed analysis of sources on the Persian campaign and stationing of Russian troops in the Caspian region, first in historiography, revealed the most unrenowned subjects and allowed to study those using newly discovered documented data with the application of new methodological approaches.

The author studies the administrative practice in the Russian Empire in the Caspian region in 1722–1735, showing the challenges of governing the region associated with the natural and geographical aspects, the remoteness of the region from the main part of the state and the ethno-political structure of the annexed territories. The Persian campaign of Peter the Great resulted in the emergence of a Russian-Turkish frontier in the eastern Transcaucasia,

which separated the historically developed Caucasian and Persian communities disregardi­ng their economic traditions and ethnocultural contacts, leading to a complex and volatile frontier situation in the region. The study of the behavioural actions of various actors in the frontier region allowed to determine their attitude to the emergence of the Russian and Ottoman empires in the Western Caspian region. The author analyses the specifics of the dual administrative system established in Derbent after it was annexed to Russia in 1722, where both a representative of the local authority via the naib and the imperial commandant performed administrative functions. For the first time in Caucasian studies, the article reconstructs the image of Peter the Great in the historical memory of Dagestanis of the present and of the time of the campaign.

As a result of the project, two these and a collection of archive documents and materials have been published.
Promising Areas of Didactic Research in Russia
Authors: Osmolovskaya Irina , Ivanova Elena , Klarin Mikhail
Published: January 2024

The article presents the findings of the study undertaken as part of the project for the Russian Foundation for Basic Research — Promising Areas of Didactic Research in Russia. The authors discuss social and cultural issues in didactics, such as instability and non-standard living and professional conditions, the dynamism of the professional arena, unexpected intricacy of job responsibilities, and others. The study reveals how the research area has expanded beyond the discovery of common patterns in schooling and higher education to include preschool, postgraduate, corporate, domestic, and senior citizen education, as well as tutoring. It raises new didactic challenges related to the digital transformation of education and describes changes in the methodological regulation of didactic research using V.S. Styopin’s typology of scientific rationality, which encompasses classical, non-classical, and post-nonclassical kinds.

The authors present a review of didactic research in higher education based on the integration of competency and value-semantic methods that focus on the search and application of perso­nal meanings in both education and subsequent activities. They also discuss the specific features of adult education practices as well as the challenges they pose to didactics, including changes in subjects of education, multi-agency in the educational process, multiple ‘integration points,’ ‘non-cognitive’ types of experience, a shift in the teacher’s position, and the coherence and complexity of didactic theory.
Risk Management amidst Digital Transformation of Socio-Economical Ecosystems
Authors: Kachalov Roman , Sleptsova Yuliya
Published: January 2024

For successful development, modern socio-economic ecosystems require mastering and using advanced technologies for risk management. The purpose of this study is to analyse the metho­dological problems of identifying risk factors when a business enters a socio-economic ecosystem resulting from changes in the environment characteristics and digitization of the economic space.

In this study, the authors use the methodology and applied tools of the operational theory of risk management and systemic economic theory to investigate the risk management and identify its features. It is substantiated that socio-economic ecosystems built on digital multi-stakeholder platforms can be viewed as fundamentally new socio-technological institutions. The paper demonstrates different levels of risk management within the digital ecosystem and the emergence of a new tool  user or consumer control  in risk management.

The paper reveals that risk management in modern socio-economic ecosystems is tightly linked to the values of the new generation of consumers: safe environment and overall socially responsible businesses.
La crítica de Lucas como impulsor de los modelos macroeconómicos modernos
Authors: Andújar Scheker Julio G.
Published: January 2024

En el año de 1976, Robert Lucas, profesor de la Universidad de Chicago y uno de los macroeconomistas más importantes del siglo XX, publicó su trabajo Evaluación econométrica de la política económica: Una crítica. Este trabajo representó un ataque frontal contra la forma tradicional de construir modelos macroeconométricos, particularmente aquella representada por la escuela neokeynesiana. La crítica esbozada por Lucas se concentró en los problemas de diseño de estos modelos que, en su visión, los descalificaban para la evaluación de distintas alternativas de políticas, uno de sus usos principales. Adicionalmente, Lucas presentó una prescripción de cómo construir sistemas basados en modelos de equilibrio general con expectativas racionales que fuesen inmunes a su crítica, lo que terminó por cambiar dramáticamente la forma de modelar en macroeconomía. Este documento resume de forma sucinta esos hechos.
Risk analysis and Fuzzy Based Model for the Estimation of Contingency Cost of Construction Projects
Authors: Vyash Akash , Trivedi Dr. Manoj Kumar
Published: January 2024

Abstract: Construction projects play a significant role in the economic and overall development of any country. They also involve significant financial investments, and costs related to risks are known as contingency costs. In order to determine the contingency cost, contractors must take project risks into account while estimating and projecting the cost of completion. Typically, contractors use their subjective judgment to estimate cost contingencies, ranging from 5 to 10% of the expected cost based on previous projects that are comparable to theirs. Nevertheless, this approach lacks a solid foundation and is difficult to support or defend. As a result, more impartial techniques for calculating project cost contingency have been offered. But the majority of approaches still depend on formal modeling techniques, which are difficult to implement in the construction sector. Based on risk analysis and the fuzzy expert system idea, this study suggests a flexible and logical way for estimating cost contingency that might take into account contractors' subjective assessment. The creation of a cost contingency model for Indian construction and infrastructure projects was the suggested technique in this study. A case study project is examined to show how the proposed model may be used. The validation result showed that, in comparison to real cost contingencies, the system's forecasts were within 20% of accuracy.
An Artificial Intelligence Mechanism for the Prediction of Signal Strength in Drones to IoT Devices in Smart Cities
Authors: Chiwariro Ronald , Muduva Martin , Makate Austin
Published: January 2024

Abstract: Smart cities are comprised of intelligent objects that can collectively and automatically improve living standards, preserve lives, and function as a sustainable environment. Drones or Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), robotics, cognitive computing, and the Internet of Things (IoT) are mandatory to enhance the intellectual ability of smart cities by enhancing connectivity, energy efficiency, and Quality of Signal (QoS). Consequently, the integration of drones with IoT plays a crucial part in enabling a vast array of smart-city applications. Drones are undeniably the technology of the future. They glide in the air, keeping an eye on things in their metropolis. They do not need human control or operation. They capture data based on visuals and sounds by employing a variety of sensors, webcams, and mics, and then transfer it to a gateway for processing and retrieving information. Drones will let us gather vast volumes of data for processing, while also enhancing the intelligence of smart cities. The drone's signal is vulnerable to absorption, refraction, diffraction, and attenuation. Therefore, it is essential to predict the signal from the drone. This study presents an intelligent method using Deep Learning to predict the signal strength for enhancing network connectivity and delivering the desired QoS of IoTs and drone integration. This enables effective data transmission, boosts QoS for end-users/devices, and reduces data transmission power consumption.
Doc +: Appointment Booking and Hospital Finder
Authors: Reddy Modepalli Venkata Sathwik
Published: January 2024

Abstract: The Hospital Finder application is a web application that provides an interface for patients to locate hospitals within their location with the specialists that are needed based on their health condition and book appointments online. The main aim of this application is to make patients aware of their needs that is special doctors to attend them and reduce time to get better treatment and good care. The main advantage of this application is that patients can choose doctors based on their health condition, choose the right specialist for them, and book appointments for a suitable time and date. It is easy to use, userfriendly, and saves time.
ADAS using AI
Authors: Bukshetwar Pawan
Published: January 2024

Abstract: Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) have emerged as a crucial technology in enhancing road safety and promoting autonomous driving. This thesis explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques within ADAS for improved vehicle following performance. We delve into various AI approaches, including machine learning, deep learning, and computer vision, analyzing their strengths and limitations in the context of vehicle following. Additionally, the thesis highlights the challenges associated with AI-powered ADAS, such as sensor accuracy, environmental adaptability, and computational efficiency. Finally, we propose a novel AI-based framework for vehicle following, outlining its architecture, algorithms, and potential benefits. The proposed framework incorporates deep learning for trajectory prediction, reinforcement learning for decision-making, and transfer learning for adaptability to diverse scenarios. The thesis concludes by evaluating the proposed framework through simulations and real-world testing, demonstrating its effectiveness in enhancing vehicle following accuracy and reducing collision risks.
Estimates of heterosis and potence through model fitting of ten quantitative traits in onion
Authors:   Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh, Deb Anil Chandra , Ara Rumman ,   Spices Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Published: January 2024

This investigation was undertaken to measure the heterotic effects and adequacy of the additive-dominance model in onion. Maximum crosses exhibited significant heterosis over mid and better-parents for most of the characters indicating good sign for improvement onion varieties. Potence found to be non-significant in maximum crosses indicating the absence of dominance. Significant and non-significant χ2 values with [h] and without [h] were noted in different crosses for different characters. In all the crosses for number of leaves except P1  P3 with dominance showed non-significant χ2 values indicated that the model is adequate. Besides, P1  P3 and P1  P5 for bulb weight, P2  P5 for bulb yield/plot with dominance showed non-significant χ2 values as well as significant potence indicated the adequacy of the model. Again, crosses P2  P3 and P3  P4 without dominance for bulb weight and bulb yield/plot showed the adequacy of the model. A similar trend was recorded for bulb volume in all the crosses except P1  P4 and P2  P5. The adequacy of the model indicated that only additive and dominant genes are responsible for controlling these traits. From this study, it may conclude that crosses P1  P3 ,P1  P5, P2  P5, P3  P4 and P3  P5 are promising in respect of bulb weight, bulb yield/plot and bulb volume and indicate that they would likely help do successful breeding plan easily for the improvement of potential varieties in onion.
Screening of different clones of Gmelina arborea Roxb. with reference to Calopepla leayana Latr. to identify the resistant clones through morphological and chemical study
Authors:   Genetics and Tree Improvement Division, Rain Forest Research Institute, Jorhat, Assam, India, Borpuzari Papori Phukan , Rishi Raja ,   Institute of Wood Science & Technology (IWST), Bangalore, Karnataka, India, Dutta Nibedita Baruah ,   Genetics and Tree Improvement Division, Rain Forest Research Institute, Jorhat, Assam, India
Published: January 2024

The field and lab study was targeted to identify the resistant clones of Gmelina arborea aganist the defoliator Calopepla leayana and evaluate the existence of most suseptible and less susceptible clones. Study analyzes through morphological individuality of different genotypes with reference to C. leayana along with the confirmatory study of different clones and identified most susceptible and less susceptible clones through leaf micromorphology and chemical study. Resistant clones were identified through morphological study as most susceptible (08) and less susceptible (07) numbers of clones. Among them following six clones were identified as most susceptible GA006, GA 002 and GA 081 and GA 023, GA 034, GA 095 less susceptible. Where leaf micromorphology and chemical study was also resulted same for the selection of above clones.
Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Öğretmenlerinin Bakış Açısıyla Akran Zorbalığı
Authors: BİNGÖBALI Abdullah , AKBUĞA Taylan , YÜCEL Ali Serdar
Published: January 2024

Bu araştırmanın amacı ortaöğretim düzeyinde Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı’nda görev yapan beden eğitimi ve spor öğretmenlerinin karşılaştıkları akran zorbalıklarının değerlendirerek, sorunları ve olası çözüm yollarını ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Türkiye’de Malatya ilinde Millî Eğitim Bakanlığına bağlı ortaokul ve liselerde görev yapmakta olan 9 kadın 17 erkek toplam 26 Beden Eğitimi ve Spor ve Öğretmeni oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada nitel araştırma modellerinden yorumlayıcı fenomenoloji deseni kullanılmıştır. Daha sonra veriler yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniğiyle aracılığıyla toplanmış içerik analizi ve betimsel analiz yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Katılımcıların veri analizlerine göre; karşılaşılan zorbalık türleri, akran zorbalığının ortaya çıkmasındaki etmenler, akran zorbalığı karşısındaki sergilenen davranışlar, beden eğitimi dersinin ve sportif etkinliklerin etkisi, akran zorbalığını önlemede öğretmen fikirleri olarak toplam beş tema ve bu temalara ait toplamda yirmi dokuz alt tema altında toplanmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen verilere göre; Beden Eğitimi ve Spor ve Öğretmenlerinin öğrenciler arasında şiddet türleri olarak daha çok sözlü şiddet ile karşılaştıkları ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca verilere göre öğretmenlerin, akran zorbalığı konusunda ailenin etkisi kadar arkadaş ortamının da etkisi olduğunu düşündükleri sonucuna varılmıştır. Beden eğitimi ve spor öğretmenlerine göre akran zorbalığı karşısında beden eğitimi dersinin ve sportif etkinliklerinin etkisinin, öğrencinin kurallara ve içinde bulunduğu ortama uyum sağlamasına yardımcı olduğu için önleyici olduğu kanaatine sahip oldukları ortaya çıkmıştır. Sonuç olarak; akran zorbalığının önüne geçilmesinde, olumsuz etkilerinin en aza indirgenmesinde ve akran zorbalığı neticesinde ortaya çıkan olumsuz sonuçların kısa sürede ortadan kalkmasında; çevresel tüm etmenlerin olaya dâhil olması, verilecek olan akran zorbalığını önlemedeki eğitimlerin özellikle alt sınıf kademelerinde verilmeye başlanması, planlı ve programlı şekilde akran zorbalığı farkındalığının okul bileşenlerini oluşturan hiyerarşik yapının en alt kademesine kadar indirgenmesi etkili olacaktır.
Los retos del bienestar rural y la movilidad. Accesibilidad y periferias socio-territoriales después de las crisis
Authors: Oliva Jesús , Sanz Tolosana Elvira
Published: January 2024

La sucesión de crisis (económicas, sanitarias, geopolíticas y climáticas) que encadena el siglo XXI incrementan la vulnerabilidad de un mundo rural que afronta también los desafíos del envejecimiento y la despoblación. Si las políticas de austeridad reforzaron las disparidades regionales, el posterior colapso pandémico y la acelerada digitalización profundizan el desigual acceso a las oportunidades, recursos y servicios del bienestar. Una acumulación de procesos que configura periferias sociales y geográficas con futuros cuestionados. A partir de las investigaciones realizadas mediante trabajos de campo cualitativos basados en entrevistas en profundidad a expertos y perfiles sociológicos seleccionados exploramos estos impactos en comarcas representativas de la ruralidad remota de montaña y de la ruralidad peri-urbana. El análisis revela el papel que juega en la vulnerabilidad socio-territorial la erosión del bienestar y la necesidad de verificar la mediación que ejerce en las áreas rurales la movilidad para su provisión y acceso al mismo.
Review of Book on Contemporary African Theology “The Routledge Handbook of African Theology” еdited by E.K. Bongmba
Authors: Mbina Jude Ch.
Published: January 2024

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Knowledge-based economic development of Iran: Mitigating sanctions and enhancing national competitiveness
Authors: Rezaeinejad Ismael , Lavrov Sergey N. , Simonov Alexander G.
Published: January 2024

The knowledge economy is an economic system in which the production of goods and services is based principally on knowledge-intensive activities that contribute to advancement in technical and scientific innovation. A knowledge-based economy is a kind of economy without limitations. This study studies the prospects of Knowledge Economy in Iran. In recent years, the scope of innovative activity and the necessity of a knowledge economy in Iran has grown. However, this study shows that knowledge development alone is not efficient: it is useful only when knowledge is being generated and applied in a real business environment. Iran would probably benefit as well in the case the expertise of national academia and business community is used more intensively; otherwise, it would grow vulnerable if the foreign innovative technologies were only used. Under the current circumstances, Iran, dealing with ever-expanding sanctions, should be seeking opportunities to commercialize its domestic researches and developments.
Dos zonas productoras de ganado “vacuno, caballar y cabrío” en la gobernación de Santa Marta: Valledupar y Valencia de Jesús, 1740-1810
Authors: Sánchez Hugues
Published: January 2024

En este artículo se analizan la productividad y la especialización ganadera en dos ciudades ubicadas en la gobernación de Santa Marta, en el Virreinato del Nuevo Reino de Granada: Valledupar y Valencia de Jesús. Desde su fundación —una en 1550 y la otra en 1610—, en la jurisdicción de las mencionadas ciudades prosperó una economía basada en la cría de diversos tipos de ganados. Observamos que, en el siglo XVIII, la demanda de carnes generada por el mercado cartagenero favoreció la producción y cría de ganado vacuno, y esta actividad se convirtió en la principal y casi única en la que participaba un gran número de vecinos. Dicha realidad se observa al consultar varios tipos de documentos que reposan en la Notaría Primera de Valledupar y en el Archivo General de la Nación. Estas fuentes permiten dimensionar la actividad ganadera en perspectiva micro, especialmente a partir del análisis de las transacciones crediticias y la fundación de capellanías respaldadas con ganado vacuno y equino, como también conocer sobre los precios y las calidades de los ganados mayores y menores en testamentos, dotes y tutelas de menores, y cuantificar las existencias de ganado con base en las cifras de diezmos. Al final se demuestra que la actividad ganadera fue muy importante en zonas de frontera, en las cuales un ecosistema particular permitió la cría de ganados, a pesar de la presencia de indígenas hostiles a la colonización.
Los pueblos de indios de Chiapas durante el periodo de la intendencia. 1786-1821. Algunos cambios en su organización política, económica y religiosa
Authors: Palomo Infante María Dolores
Published: January 2024

Este trabajo analiza los procesos históricos de los pueblos de indios durante el periodo de la Intendencia en Chiapas, para reflexionar sobre los resultados de la aplicación de las nuevas políticas surgidas de las reformas borbónicas y comprobar cómo se vivieron los cambios ocasionados por estas. Para ello, se ha hecho un análisis sobre algunos aspectos de la vida política, económica y religiosa de los pueblos, como el sistema tributario, las cuestiones sociales y territoriales, las autoridades indígenas y la presencia de los subdelegados en las cofradías. Los resultados de este artículo contribuyen al conocimiento sobre las reformas borbónicas, desde un enfoque de la historia social y centrado en la vida de los pueblos de indios, aspecto este que ha sido el más desatendido por la historiografía sobre el periodo.
La epidemia de fiebres (tifo) de 1814 en los pueblos de indios tlaxcaltecas del noreste de la Nueva España
Authors: Martínez Coronel Andrea Alejandra , González Flores José Gustavo
Published: January 2024

El presente artículo analiza el impacto de la epidemia de fiebres o tifo de 1814 en los pueblos de indios tlaxcaltecas del noreste, en los casos de San Esteban, Santa María de las Parras, San Francisco de Tlaxcala, San Miguel de Aguayo y El Álamo. Esta epidemia fue una de las más mortíferas que se hayan registrado, en comparación con otros casos del noreste. Debido a su intensidad, fue uno de los factores que mermaron la población de los pueblos tlaxcaltecas y ayudaron a diluir su identidad, aunado al liberalismo gaditano, que estaba haciendo caduco el sistema de estamentos y privilegios en aras de la igualdad ante la ley.
The research On Illegality and Medical Fault Presumption: On the Application of the Article 1222 Paragraph 1of the Civil Code of the PRC
Authors:   Journal of Law research, Cheng Xuelian
Published: January 2024

Fault determination has always been a difficult and controversial issue in the determination of medical tort liability. Article 1222 of the Civil Code stipulates three situations for medical fault estimation and establishes objective standards for medical fault estimation, which has positive significance in overcoming the abstraction and uncertainty of the fault determination standard for “medical level” in Article 1221.
In judicial practice, Article 1222 (1) of the Civil Code can simplify the difficulty of determining the fault of medical torts, but there are also some problems. The judgment standards for medical violations of “duty of care” and “illegality” are often confused, the administrative and civil legal liabilities arising from medical violations are often confused, and the legal responsibilities of medical institutions and medical personnel in medical torts are not distinguished, There is even a trend of ‘illegal is wrong’.
This article analyzes the nature and circumstances of illegal medical behavior, and demonstrates the relationship between violating diagnostic and treatment norms and illegal behavior. It further suggests establishing a presumption rule of “illegal” and “fault”, limiting the presumption of “illegal” medical behavior to “fault” in private language and excluding public law provisions; Establish hierarchical application rules when violating the “diagnostic and treatment norms” to presume “fault”, thereby reducing the impact of the current confusion of diagnostic and treatment norms on the presumption of fault; The presumption principle of “illegality is fault” applies to violations of licensing laws and regulations; Violating the legal provisions of diagnosis and treatment and applying the principle of “proximate cause” presumption; The rule of presumption of evidence applies to violations of medical record laws and regulations. Through the above rules, objective evaluation of medical behavior and fair division of medical damage liability can be achieved.
Decision to discontinue life-sustaining treatment for minor patients under the Life-Sustaining Treatment Decision Act
Authors:   Journal of Law research, Yi Jae-Kyeong
Published: January 2024

In this article, the decision to discontinue life-sustaining treatment for minors under the Life-Sustaining Treatment Decision Act was reviewed. A minor patient's wish to discontinue life-sustaining treatment is expressed only through a life-sustaining treatment plan. If there is no life-sustaining treatment plan, the legal representative with parental authority decides to discontinue life-sustaining treatment for the patient.
Therefore, it was examined whether the right to self-determination of minor patients is restricted or reduced under the Life-Sustaining Treatment Decision Act compared to adult patients who can confirm their wishes through advance directives for life-sustaining treatment or family statements.
As a result, it was confirmed that they were not treated differently in the Life Sustaining Treatment Decision Act. This is because the only subjects of the Life Sustaining Treatment Decision Act are patients who are in the process of dying. Medically meaningless interruption of medical care for a patient in the process of dying has nothing to do with the right to self-determination.
Rather, procedures for discontinuing life-sustaining treatment for minor patients without a legal representative who has parental authority should be discussed in the Life-Sustaining Treatment Act. In order to proceed quickly, it is better to have the decision made by a medical ethics committee rather than expanding the range of families that can make the decision.
A Study on the Credibility of Medical Records in Civil Procedure
Authors:   Journal of Law research, Kim Il-Ryong
Published: January 2024

There are two types of credibility under the Civil Procedure Act: formal and practical credibility. The formal credibility under the Civil Procedure Act is Article 356 (Official Documents) and Article 358 (Private Documents). Public documents are less likely to be counterfeited, making it easier to presume than private documents. This is acceptable in that the Criminal Law punishes the crime of forgery of public documents more heavily than the crime of forgery of private documents. However, given modern high-tech counterfeiting technology, it does not seem very convincing, so it now seems necessary to consolidate and reorganize the presumption regulations. Moreover, applying these current regulations to the authentication of medical records leads to unreasonable results. Even though medical personnel with the same qualifications and abilities prepared the same medical records, it is not reasonable to make a difference in the presumption of authenticity because they are classified as public documents or private documents depending on whether the author is a public official.
Next, we will look at the practical credibility of the document. The case presupposes that formal credibility is recognized, official documents presume or recognize practical credibility regardless of disposition documents or report documents. but Private documents presume or recognize practical credibility in principle for disposition documents, but not for report documents. It is inappropriate to explain that there is a difference in the credibility of the content in that there is no crime of creating false private documents for private documents compared to the crime of creating false official documents for public documents. This is because there is no criminal legal basis for presuming or recognizing practical credibility in the case of disposition documents among private documents. On the other hand, for medical records, even if they are private documents, the criminal law stipulates the crime of preparing false medical certificates and There is also a provision in the Medical Law that punishes counterfeiting the contents of medical records. Therefore, unlike general private documents, medical records should be widely recognized for their practical credibility because they can be said to guarantee the reliability of the contents, whether they are public, private, disposition, or report documents.