bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transfer Learning Auto-Encoder Neural Networks for Anomaly Detection of DDoS Generating IoT Devices
Authors: Shafiq Unsub , Shahzad Muhammad Khuram , Anwar Muhammad , Shaheen Qaisar , Shiraz Muhammad , Gani Abdullah
Published: May 2022

Machine Learning based anomaly detection ap- proaches have long training and validation cycles. With IoT devices rapidly proliferating, training anomaly models on a per device basis is impractical. This work explores the “transfer- ability” of a pre-trained autoencoder model across devices of similar and different nature. We hypothesized that devices of similar nature would have similar high level feature character- istics represented by the initial layers of the autoencoder, while the more distinct features are captured by the innermost layer of the neural network. In our experiments, the centre-most layers of autoencoder models were re-trained with limited new data belonging to a different device. Datasets of seven Mirai infected and nine Bashlite infected IoT devices were used; each dataset also included benign records representing un-infected behaviour. We observed that the model’s detection accuracy improved by an average of 9.52% for Mirai and 44.59% for Bashlite. The highest performance improvement of 26.68% and 73.00% was observed when the anomaly model of Ecobee thermostat was tested on other devices before and after transfer learning for Mirai and Bashlite respectively. Additionally, transfer learning took 47.31% and 58.27% less time for Mirai and Bashlite respectively. We further trialed the efficacy of the autoencoder based anomaly model on flow based records of network traffic using the CIC- IDS2017 dataset. It was observed that the model performed best when distinct outliers in the dataset were present, whereas the model failed to perform decently in cases where the malicious activity did not cause significant deviation in network traffic’s footprint.
Research on the Efficiency of “Dual-Chain” Integration of Talent Chain and Industrial Chain of Vocational Education Based on Big Data Technology
Authors: Liu Xing , Li Zhen , Wang Jing , Chu Jiankun
Published: May 2022

Since China has implemented the policy of “dual-chain” integration of vocational education, the level of vocational education in China has been developed rapidly. In order to study the current efficiency of dual-chain integration of vocational education in China, taking 31 Chinese provinces and cities as examples, the DEA-BPNN calculation model is used to calculate the efficiency of Chinese vocational education from 2010 to 2019, and the results of the study show that although the development of vocational education in China has achieved certain results, the crude development mode, which is mainly based on the increase of investment, has not been fundamentally changed.
E-Commerce Fraud Detection Model by Computer Artificial Intelligence Data Mining
Authors: Li JiaoLong
Published: May 2022

This study aims to identify e-commerce fraud, solve the financial risks of e-commerce enterprises through big data mining (BDM), further explore more effective solutions through Information fusion technology (IFT), and create an e-commerce fraud detection model (FDM) based on IFT (namely, computer technology (CT), artificial intelligence (AI), and data mining (DM). Meanwhile, BDM technology, support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression model (LRM), and the proposed IFT-based FDM are comparatively employed to study e-commerce fraud risks deeply. Specifically, the LRM can effectively solve data classification problems. The proposed IFT-based FDM fuses different information sources. The experimental findings corroborate that the proposed Business-to-Business (B2B) e-commerce enterprises-oriented IFT-based FDM presents significantly higher fraud identification accuracy than SVM and LRM. Therefore, the IFT-based FDM is superior to SVM and LRM; it can process and calculate e-commerce enterprises' financial risk data from different sources and obtain higher accuracy. BDM technology provides an important research method for e-commerce fraud identification. The proposed e-commerce enterprise-oriented FDM based on IFT can correctly analyze enterprises' financial status and credit status, obtaining the probability of fraudulent behaviors. The results are of great significance to B2B e-commerce fraud identification and provide good technical support for promoting the healthy development of e-commerce.
Realization Path of the Social Development of Meteorological Services Based on Intelligent Data Analysis
Authors: Guo Fang , Feng Yufang , Xiao Han
Published: May 2022

In recent years, with the development of social economy, the working efficiency of meteorological system has been gradually improved. The socialization of meteorological service refers to the use of intelligent data analysis technology to achieve accurate forecast and real-time monitoring of weather forecast and provide personalized services for users based on this information. This paper studies the realization path of meteorological service socialization in order to bring convenience to people’s life. This paper mainly uses a simulation experiment method, investigation method, and statistical method to conduct in-depth research on the social development of meteorological services. Experimental data show that more than 70 percent of people get weather information from their smartphones. The system designed in this paper can basically meet the requirements.
Early Mild Stress along with Lipid Improves the Stress Responsiveness of Oscar (Astronotus ocellatus)
Authors: Esmaeili Noah , Hosseini Hossein , Zare Mahyar , Akhavan Sobhan R. , Rombenso Artur
Published: May 2022

Early-life exposure to mild stressors can assist animals in coping with more stressful events in later life. This study was aimed at investigating how early stress and dietary lipid contents affect growth, hematology, blood biochemistry, immunological responses, antioxidant system, liver enzymes, and stress responses of oscar (Astronotus ocellatus) (

6.8
±
0.7

 g). Six experimental treatments were HL0Stress (high-lipid diet and without stress), HL2Stresses (high-lipid diet and two-week stress), HL4Stresses (high-lipid diet and four-week stress), LL0Stress (low-lipid diet and without stress), LL2Stresses (low-lipid diet and two-week stress), and LL4Stresses (low-lipid diet and four-week stress). During the ten-week trial, fish fed high-lipid diets grew faster (

46.41
±
4.67

vs.

38.81
±
2.81

) and had a lower feed conversion ratio (2.21 vs. 2.60) than those fed low-lipid diets (

P
<
0.05

). After acute confinement stress (AC stress), high-lipid groups had higher survival than low-lipid treatments (81.25% vs 72.92%) (

P
<
0.05

). Fish subjected to two-time stress (2Stresses) had a higher survival rate after AC stress (90.63% vs. 62.50%), hematocrit, white blood cell, blood performance, total protein, high-density lipoproteins, cholesterol, triglyceride, alternative complement activity (ACH50), superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and alkaline phosphatase levels than those not stressed (

P
<
0.05

). Contrariwise, glucose, cortisol, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase levels were significantly lower in the 2Stresses groups compared with 0Stress fish (

P
<
0.05

). Collectively, these findings suggest stressing the signs of adaptation in 2Stresses fish. However, a higher number of early stress events (4Stresses) appears to exceed the threshold of manageable stress levels for this species. In conclusion, the HL2Stresses group outperformed the other treatments in terms of growth, health status, and stress responsiveness. Although fish welfare must be considered, these results suggest that early mild stress can result in a greater survival rate after fish are exposed to later acute stress.
Dynamics of Terrorism in Contemporary Society for Effective Management
Authors: Akande Kazeem Babatunde , Makinde Julius Adebowale , Ibrahim Mohammed Olanrewaju
Published: May 2022

In the contemporary world, the effect of faith in religion cannot be underestimated or overemphasized. In the olden days, traditional religion/faith of a particular locality was the only practice obtainable; however, new faiths emerged and are being absorbed in recent times. Extremism in the newly absorbed faith began to cause the indigenous religion to collapse and increase violence against innocent ones. This paper investigated the interaction between the extremism of faith leading to the act of terror and a susceptible individual (members of the society) to guide the policymakers and decision implementers to embrace the proposed model for counterterrorism for effective management of the insurgency. Mathematical modelling of epidemiology was conceptualized for the model formulation, and the resulting autonomous differential equations were critically analyzed with the Lipschitz condition, next generation matrix, and Bellman and Cooke’s criteria for the management of insurgency in the society. Thresholds were obtained to curtail recruitment into the fanatical groups, and the results of the simulated proposed model identified critical factors (parameters) to be considered for the complete eradication of violence in human society.
Novel Based Ensemble Machine Learning Classifiers for Detecting Breast Cancer
Authors: Srinivas Taarun , Karigiri Madhusudhan Aditya Krishna , Arockia Dhanraj Joshuva , Chandra Sekaran Rajasekaran , Mostafaeipour Neda , Mostafaeipour Negar , Mostafaeipour Ali
Published: May 2022

Nowadays, for many industries, innovation revolves around two technological improvements, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). ML, a subset of AI, is the science of designing and applying algorithms that can learn and work on any activity from past experiences. Of all the innovations in the field of ML models, the most significant ones have turned out to be in medicine and healthcare, since it has assisted doctors in the treatment of different types of diseases. Among them, early detection of breast cancer using ML algorithms has piqued the interest of researchers in this area. Hence, in this work, 20 ML classifiers are discussed and implemented in Wisconsin’s Breast Cancer dataset to classify breast cancer as malignant or benign. Out of 20, 9 algorithms are coded using Python in Colab notebooks and the remaining are executed using the Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA) software. Among all, the stochastic gradient descent algorithm was found to yield the highest accuracy of 98%. The algorithms that gave the best results have been considered in the development of a novel ensemble model and the same was implemented in both WEKA and Python. The performance of the ensemble model in both platforms is compared based on metrics like accuracy, precision, recall, and sensitivity and investigated in detail. From this experimental comparative study, it was found that the ensemble model developed using Python has yielded an accuracy of 98.5% and that developed in the WEKA has yielded 97% accuracy.
Differences in Thymus and Activation-Regulated Chemokine and Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen 2 Levels in Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome and Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Makita Eishi , Sugawara Daisuke , Kuroda Sae , Itabashi Kae , Hirakubo Yuka , Nonaka Kazuhito , Ichihashi Ko
Published: May 2022

Introduction: We previously reported that thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) levels measured after vomiting are useful predictors of a food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) diagnosis. However, interpreting TARC levels in patients with eczema is difficult, as the levels are similarly elevated in patients with eczema caused by atopic dermatitis (AD). Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether it is possible to predict whether FPIES or AD is responsible for elevated TARC levels by simultaneously measuring TARC and squamous cell carcinoma antigen 2 (SCCA2), another T-helper type 2 biomarker. Methods: Twenty-one episodes in 11 patients with FPIES (FPIES group) and 42 age-matched patients with AD (AD group) were included in this study. Serum TARC and SCCA2 levels were measured, and those values and relative ratios were compared between groups. Results: The median age was 1.1 years in the FPIES group and 1.6 years in the AD group (p = 0.492). The median (interquartile range [IQR]) serum TARC concentration was significantly higher in the FPIES group than in the AD group (2,486 [1,815–4,097] pg/mL and 1,451 [1,201–1,751] pg/mL, respectively; p = 0.002). The median (IQR) SCCA2 concentration was significantly higher in the AD group than in the FPIES group (1.9 [1.3–2.9] pg/mL and 0.8 [0.6–1.5] pg/mL, respectively; p < 0.001). After matching, the analysis using stratified TARC values revealed no significant difference in TARC values between the FPIES and AD groups; however, the TARC/SCCA2 ratio was significantly higher in the FPIES group. Conclusion: Assessing the relative TARC/SCCA2 ratio may help predict whether elevated TARC levels measured after vomiting are caused by FPIES or AD.
Successful Liver Transplantation of Recurrent Fibrolamellar Carcinoma following Clinical and Pathologic Complete Response to Triple Immunochemotherapy: A Case Report
Authors: Kang Sandra , Magliocca Joseph , Sellers Marty , Roccaro Giorgio , Zheng Wei , Pectasides Melina , Draper Amber , Guadagno Jessica , El-Rayes Bassel , Akce Mehmet
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) is a rare liver cancer that predominantly affects younger patients without a history of liver disease. Surgical resection is the cornerstone of therapy and represents the best potentially curative treatment option. Modest objective responses with cytotoxic chemotherapy alone or combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been reported; however, there are no established systemic therapy regimens for unresectable or metastatic FLC. Case Presentation: We report a case of a 23-year-old woman with FLC who presented with a 11.5 × 8.3 cm left liver mass and subsequently underwent resection as initial therapy. Molecular analysis of her surgical tissue revealed a DNAJB1-PRKACA fusion gene. The patient developed biopsy-proven recurrent FLC with multiple liver lesions but without any distant metastatic disease only 3 months after initial resection. In light of emerging data, the patient was treated with a novel triple therapy regimen including 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), interferon (IFN) alfa-2b, and nivolumab. Partial radiographic response was achieved after 4 treatments and complete response was achieved after 12 cycles with the combination. The patient received 2 more doses of 5-FU/IFN alfa-2b without nivolumab and underwent orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) 6 months after the last dose of ICI. Pathological examination of the explanted liver remarkably confirmed pathologic complete response. She remains recurrence-free and is on active surveillance. Discussion/Conclusion: For patients with unresectable/recurrent FLC with no distant disease, the combination of 5-FU, IFN alfa-2b, and nivolumab could be an effective systemic therapy option. The use of this chemoimmunotherapy regimen to downstage FLC prior to OLT may be worth investigating further.
Higher Rate of Male Sexual Displays Correlates with Larger Ventral Posterior Amygdala Volume and Neuron Soma Volume in Wild-Caught Common Side-Blotched Lizards, Uta stansburiana
Authors: LaDage Lara D. , Yu Tracy , Zani Peter A.
Published: May 2022

Several areas of the vertebrate brain are involved in facilitating and inhibiting the production of sexual behaviors and displays. In the laboratory, a higher rate of sexual displays is correlated with a larger ventral posterior amygdala (VPA), an area of the brain involved in the expression of sexual display behaviors, as well as larger VPA neuronal somas. However, it remains unclear if individuals in the field reflect similar patterns, as there are likely many more selective pressures in the field that may also modulate the VPA architecture. In this study, we examined variation in VPA volume and neuron soma volume in wild-caught common side-blotched lizards (Uta stansburiana) from two different populations. In a population from Nevada, males experience high predation pressure and have decreased sexual display rates during the breeding season, whereas a population in Oregon has lower levels of predation and higher rates of male sexual displays. We found that wild-caught males from the population with lower display rates also exhibited decreased VPA volume and VPA neuron cell soma volume, which may suggest that decreased display rate, possibly due to increased predation rate, covaries with VPA attributes.
The Tale and Tell of the Retired Teachers’ Philosophies
Authors: Danganan Catherine , Gamboa Alberto , Koh Aileen
Published: May 2022

This is qualitative research which utilized the narratology, intended to understand the philosophies of retired teachers from a state university in Pampanga, as they tell their lived experiences. Six (6) retired teachers participated in the pursuance of the study. The researchers used purposive sampling. To obtain pertinent information, the participants must be a retired teacher from a university. The retired teacher must be sixty- sixty-five (60-65) years old and has rendered fifteen (15) years or more in the university and active members of the community as they are still engaged in public and private organizations. The used instrument was a semi-structured questionnaire that was content validated prior to its utilization. Data were analyzed using the six (6) phases of Braun and Clarke’s Thematic analysis. The philosophies of the retired teachers are focused on their experiences, which brought significant mark in their lives as teachers. Therefore, it is recommended to recognize the contributions of the retired teachers by initiating programs which are holistic in nature such as fellowship, socializations or honorary celebrations.
Factors Affecting Disclosure of Internet Financial Reporting in The Government of The Bangka Belitung Islands
Authors: Yunita Anggraeni , Wardhani Rulyanti Susi , Hamsani Hamsani
Published: May 2022

This study aims to examine the disclosure of regional financial statements in terms of political competition, government complexity and level of financial dependence. The research conducted is an empirical study. Empirical studies were conducted using secondary data obtained from observations. The research subjects are districts and cities in the province of the islands of Bangka Belitung, totaling 6 districts and 1 city. The object of research is the size, wealth, complexity, regional dependence and political competition on the disclosure of Internet Financial Reporting. The population of this study is all regencies and cities in the Province of the Bangka Belitung Islands from 2017 to 2020. The sample used in this study is a saturated sample where all members of the population are used as samples. The results show that the size of the local government does not affect the disclosure of internet financial reporting, the wealth of the local government has an effect on the disclosure of internet financial reporting, political competition has no effect on the disclosure of internet financial reporting and regional complexity has no effect on the disclosure of internet financial reporting.
Batman e Coringa: complexidades da dinâmica relacional expressa nos quadrinhos
Authors: Pequeno Daniel Paixão , Silva Diego Rodrigues , Carvalho Alex Moreira
Published: May 2022

Os quadrinhos causam reações estéticas e processos de identificação que permitem acessar conflitos e compreender aspectos subjetivos. Este artigo busca analisar a dinâmica relacional entre os personagens principais dos quadrinhos da série Batman. Para tal, foi empregado o Método Objetivo Analítico sobre o quadrinho Batman: A Piada Mortal. Individualmente, as histórias dos personagens são marcadas por perdas e ambientes ausentes de um cuidado necessário à afetividade. Este contexto leva-os a manter uma relação de agressividade calcada na dependência e na busca de reparação das perdas. Conclui-se que os quadrinhos permitem observar sutilezas da experiência humana de relevância clínica, apresentando um interessante potencial pedagógico.
Prior Freezing Has Minimal Impact on the Contractile Properties of Permeabilized Human Myocardium
Authors: Milburn Gregory N. , Moonschi Faruk , White Ashley M. , Thompson Mindy , Thompson Katherine , Birks Emma J. , Campbell Kenneth S.
Published: May 2022

Background

Experiments measuring the contractile properties of human myocardium are important for translational research but complicated by the logistical difficulties of acquiring specimens. Accordingly, many groups perform contractile assays using samples that are acquired from patients at one institution and shipped to another institution for experiments. This necessitates freezing the samples and performing subsequent assays using chemically permeabilized preparations. It is unknown how prior freezing affects the contractile function of these preparations.

Methods and Results

To examine the effects of freezing we measured the contractile function of never‐frozen and previously frozen myocardial samples. Samples of left ventricular tissue were obtained from 7 patients who were having a ventricular assist device implanted. Half of each sample was chemically permeabilized and used immediately for contractile assays. The other half of the sample was snap frozen in liquid nitrogen and maintained at –180 °C for at least 6 months before being thawed and tested in a second series of experiments. Maximum isometric force measured in pCa 4.5 solution, passive force measured in pCa 9.0 solution, and Hill coefficients were not influenced by prior freezing (
P
=0.07,
P
=0.14, and
P
=0.27 respectively). pCa
50
in never‐frozen samples (6.11±0.04) was statistically greater (
P
<0.001) than that measured after prior freezing (5.99±0.04) but the magnitude of the effect was only ≈0.1 pCa units.

Conclusions

We conclude that prior freezing has minimal impact on the contractile properties that can be measured using chemically permeabilized human myocardium.
Remnant Cholesterol Predicts Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Myocardial Infarction With Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries
Authors: Gao Side , Xu Haobo , Ma Wenjian , Yuan Jiansong , Yu Mengyue
Published: May 2022

Background

Remnant cholesterol (RC) has been reported to promote atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Yet little is known regarding the RC‐related residual risk in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) with nonobstructive coronary arteries.

Methods and Results

A total of 1179 patients with MI with nonobstructive coronary arteries were enrolled and divided according to median level of RC calculated as non–high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol minus low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. The primary end point was a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), including all‐cause death, nonfatal MI, stroke, revascularization, and hospitalization for unstable angina or heart failure. Kaplan‐Meier, Cox regression, and receiver‐operating characteristic analyses were used. Patients with higher median level of RC had a significantly higher incidence of MACEs (16.9% versus 11.5%;
P
=0.009) over the median follow‐up of 41.7 months. High RC levels were significantly associated with an increased risk of MACEs after adjustment for multiple clinically relevant variables (per 1 SD increase, hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 1.12–2.31;
P
=0.009). Elevated RC also contributed to residual risk beyond conventional lipid parameters. Moreover, RC had an area under the curve of 0.61 for MACE prediction. When adding RC to the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction risk score, the combined model yielded a significant improvement in discrimination for MACEs.

Conclusions

Elevated RC was closely associated with poor outcomes after MI with nonobstructive coronary arteries independent of traditional risk factors, indicating the utility of RC for risk stratification and a rationale for targeted RC‐lowering trials in patients with MI with nonobstructive coronary arteries.
Growth Characteristics by Plug Tray Cell Size, Soil Type, and Fertilizer Concentration for Plug Seedling Production of Veronica pusanensis Y.N. Lee
Authors: Oh Hye Jin , Kwon Hyuck Hwan , Kim Jin Ho , Cho WonWoo , Kim Sang-Yong
Published: May 2022

Background and objective This study was conducted to establish a stable seedling production system for Veronica pusanensis Y.N. Lee, a plant that is endemic to the Korean Peninsula and is a critically endangered species, distributed along the coast of Busan, Korea. Methods In order to investigate the plug cell size (72, 128, 200 cells), soil type (commercial substrate, and mixed substrates with peat moss and perlite at ratios of 1:1, 3:1, and 4:1), and fertilizer concentration (Peters 0, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg·L−1) conditions, the plug tray was filled with soil and seeds were sown. The sown trays were placed in the growth chamber (25°C, 70% RH, PPFD 100 μmol·m−2·s−1) for three repetitions per treatment. Results There was no difference in the growth of seedlings according to plug cell size. Therefore, it appears to be economically superior to produce seedlings in a 200-cell plug tray. In soil type, the seedling growth increased as the ratio of peat increased, but leaf chlorosis occurred from the 7th week after sowing. Examining the growth of seedlings based on fertilizer concentration, the greatest increase in growth was found to have occurred in the 1,000 mg·L−1 treatment. Conclusion Therefore, for the production of V. pusanesis seedlings, it was noted that when mixed soil with peatmoss and perlite at a ratio of 4:1 is filled in 200-cell plug trays, and the seedlings are fertilized with Peters 1,000 mg·L−1 once a week, growth will increase the most, demonstrating excellent cost-effectiveness. However, to mass-produce high-quality seedlings in a short period, it will be necessary to use a plug tray smaller than 200 cells or to conduct various fertilization composition studies.
Why Social Capital Matters for the Success of REDD+ Programs
Authors: Jung Woon Gwan , Woo Heesung , Lee Yohan
Published: May 2022

Background and objective We quantitatively estimated the impact of social capital on poverty reduction using a survey conducted on 335 randomly selected households in 6 villages running REDD+ programs in Bago Province, Myanmar. Our central question is whether the effectiveness of REDD+ programs is associated with social capital, including networks, trust, cooperation, and social inclusion. Methods We developed a tool to measure social capital while considering forest conservation activities, and quantitatively analyzed the impact of social capital on poverty levels in 6 villages running REDD+ programs in Myanmar. Results Our results reveal that social capital has a significant effect in alleviating household poverty in Myanmar. Thus, investment in social capital may help alleviate poverty. REDD+ training participants and community forestry members showed a relatively higher level of social capital than those who did not participate. We also found that forest dependents were statistically significantly more likely to live in poverty, which implies that socially marginalized residents tend to rely more on forests and that collecting forest products has limited effects on overcoming poverty. Conclusion The local strategy for implementing REDD+ programs should target community forestry members to promote their social capital by supporting forest tenures and benefit sharing among marginalized people.
Garcinia yaatapsap (Clusiaceae), a new species from northern Myanmar
Authors: SWEENEY PATRICK W. , NWE THET YU , ARMSTRONG KATE E.
Published: May 2022

Garcinia yaatapsap (Clusiaceae), a new species from northern Myanmar, is described and illustrated. The new species is most similar to G. stipulata and G. nujiangensis, but differs primarily by its subsessile, subcordate to cordate leaves and strongly angled branchlets (versus petiolate, cuneate leaves and terete branches in G. stipulata and G. nujiangensis).
Taxonomic review of the genus Morabia Hausmann & Tujuba, 2020 with descriptions of two new species and introducing five new generic combinations (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae)
Authors: LÁSZLÓ GYULA M. , HAUSMANN AXEL
Published: May 2022

The paper contains the description of two new species of the genus Morabia Hausmann & Tujuba, 2020: M. cryptica sp. n. and M. smithi sp. n. The descriptions are based on both morphological data and DNA barcoding. Based on integrative taxonomic analyses, five new combinations are proposed: Morabia nigripunctata (Warren, 1897), comb. n. described from Nigeria, Morabia hero (Viette, 1971), comb. n., Morabia pluto (Viette, 1971), comb. n. described from Madagascar, Morabia herbuloti (Orhant, 2003), comb. n. described from Réunion and Morabia distinctaria (Joannis, 1915), comb. n. described from Mauritius are transferred from the genus Ectropis Hübner, 1825 to Morabia. The female genitalia of M. nigripunctata, M. brunnea Hausmann & Tujuba, 2020, M. hero and M. herbuloti are described and illustrated for the first time. Detailed diagnoses and re-descriptions of all taxa newly transferred to Morabia are given, interspecific pairwise distances of DNA barcodes are calculated and a maximum likelihood tree is compiled. The paper is illustrated with 38 colour and 38 black and white diagnostic images and a distribution map.
A new species of the Nuneztovari Complex of Nyssorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae) from the western Brazilian Amazon
Authors: SANT’ANA DENISE CRISTINA , SALLUM MARIA ANICE MUREB
Published: May 2022

Nyssorhynchus (Nyssorhynchus) jamariensis, a new species of the Nuneztovari Complex, previously known as Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) nuneztovari A, is described and validated using morphological characters of the adult male and female, male genitalia and immature stages. The species is recorded from the western Brazilian Amazon, where it was collected in pastures in the vicinity of the Jamari River, municipality of Monte Negro, Rondônia State, Brazil. Illustrations of the male genitalia, fourth-instar larva and pupa are provided. Nyssorhynchus jamariensis may be involved in malaria transmission, but its vector status needs further investigation.
Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Accumulation Mechanism of Starch in Chinese Yam (Dioscorea opposite Thunb.) Tubers Using RNA-Seq and Iso-Seq
Authors: Gao Yuanli , Zhang Yanfang , Wang Jinxin , Sun Xiaohua , Suo Ningning , Yang Fan , Huo Xiuwen
Published: May 2022

The starch composition of tubers affects the quality and yield of yam, and it is of great significance to deeply investigate the mechanism of starch accumulation in yam. In this study, two yam varieties with significant differences in starch content, Bikeqi (Dioscorea opposita
Bikeqi) and Dahechangyv (Dioscorea opposita Dahechangyu), were used as materials. The transcriptome of tubers from seven developmental stages were sequenced using RNA-seq and Iso-seq. Differential genes closely contacted with the metabolism of starch and sucrose were screened and the
functions were analysed. The results showed that, the starch content of the two yam varieties reached the maximum at 150 and 165 days respectively, and their difference was the largest at 150 days. Total 21623 unigenes were annotated, and 8378 differential genes were identified within varieties
by comparing each developmental stage with the beginning of tuber expansion (90 days), respectively. A total of 5177 differential genes were identified in two varieties in the same period. GO and KEGG were used to analyze these differential genes, a variety of key genes closely related to
starch and sucrose metabolism were screened. These results help us to better understand the mechanism of starch accumulation in yam.
Influencing Factors on the Longitudinal Compression Properties of Pultruded Unidirectional Fiber Composites
Authors: Zhang Liwei , Zhao Qilin , Huang Yaxin , Li Fei , Gao Jiangang
Published: May 2022

Unidirectional fiber composites produced by pultrusion have good mechanical properties. We conducted compression experiments to investigate the factors that influenced the compression of pultruded unidirectional carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRPs) under static axial loads. The
CFRPS were composed of carbon fiber or carbon fiber cloth as reinforcement material, resin, ceramic, metal, cement, carbon or rubber as matrix. The modulus and compressive strength were measured. The experimental data were compared with the theoretical values obtained from the rule of mixtures.
Moreover, the effects of the components, dispersion, interface states, and other factors on the compressive mechanical behaviors of the composites were studied. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the microstructure and fracture of the material. The results showed that the modulus and compressive
strength of the CFRPs with a higher carbon fiber modulus decreased with the modulus and resin strength. The compressive modulus and compressive strength of CFRPs with the same resin increased with the modulus and strength of the carbon fibers. Upon increasing the modulus and strength of the
carbon fibers, the compressive modulus and compressive strength of the CFRPs decreased with the modulus and strength of the resin. Moreover, glass fiber-reinforced plastics (GFRPs) were used to compare the difference between CFRPs, C/GFRP, and GFRP. The relationship between the the microstructure
and promperties of these composites was systematically revealed. These research results are valuable for the design and synthesis of low-cost pultruded unidirectional fiber composites with excellent mechanical properties.
Design and Infrared Spectral Modulation Properties of Cu/CuO One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals
Authors: Li Yongqing , Wang Qun
Published: May 2022

Photonic crystals can effectively modulate infrared spectral properties. In this paper, a one-dimensional photonic crystal of multilayer Cu/CuO is proposed to achieve selective infrared radiation within atmospheric windows. A multilayer Cu/CuO with a periodic structure was designed
via the transfer matrix method and prepared via reactive sputtering. The results of emissivity measurement showed that the Cu/CuO one-dimensional photonic crystals with 2–4 periods and a certain thickness exhibited good infrared-selective properties, with average emissivities of <0.1
and >0.9 at wavelengths of 3–5 and 8–14 μm, respectively; thus, the Cu/CuO onedimensional photonic crystals have potential applications as infrared spectral modulation materials.
Video laryngoscope-guided urethral catheterization in female minipigs
Authors: Li Dawei , Liu Zhaoxing , Zang Yu , Ma Jinglong , Zhang Wen , Liu Xinzhu , Zhang Bohan , Shen Chuan’an
Published: May 2022

Objective

The objective of this work was to anatomically locate the urethral orifice in female minipigs and describe the use of video laryngoscopes in urethral catheterization.

Methods

Urethral catheterization guided by a video laryngoscope was attempted in 16 adult female Bama minipigs. The anatomical location of urethral orifices, operating time and complications (mucosal edema and bleeding in the vaginal vestibule, and the numbers of red blood cells (RBCs) and white blood cells (WBCs) in mid-stream urine samples) were recorded.

Results

The anatomical location of the urethral orifice: the depth of the urethral orifice in female Bama minipigs was 4.2 ± 1.2 cm; all the urethral orifices were covered by mucosal folds of the vaginal vestibule. In the supine position, the orifice of the urethra at 9–12 and 1–3 o’clock accounted for 6.25%, 6.25%, 18.75%, 50%, 12.5%, 6.25% and 6.25%, respectively. All animals were successfully catheterized and the operating time was 9.0 (6.0–12.8) min. Complications: no bleeding in the vaginal vestibule was observed; the incidence of mucosal edema was 12.5%, all of which were mild; of urine samples collected 1 h after catheterization, 12.5% were found to contain RBCs and no RBCs were detected 6 h after catheterization; no WBCs were detected 1 h or 6 h after catheterization.

Conclusions

The urethral orifice of female minipigs was located deep in the vagina at variable clock directions and was unexceptionally covered by mucosal folds. Applying a video laryngoscope in urethral catheterization allowed quick and accurate exposure of the urethral orifice and minimal operational injury in female minipigs.
Harvesting Influence: Agrarian Elites and Democracy in Brazil
Authors: Milmanda Belén Fernández
Published: May 2022

With size, voting discipline, and technical resources superior to those of most Brazilian parties, in the last two decades, the support of the Agrarian Caucus has become crucial for the realization of presidents’ legislative agenda. In a country where 87 percent of the population is urban, how have representatives of the agrarian elites become key players in bargaining on nonagrarian issues? This article argues that Brazilian agrarian elites have been so successful because they have devised an electoral strategy that maximizes their leverage in a fragmented party system with ideologically weak right-wing parties. Empirically, I show how agrarian elites in Brazil finance legislative campaigns, mobilize voters, and subsidize the legislative work of politicians from their ranks, independently of their partisan affiliation. Theoretically, I discuss the advantages of a candidate-centered electoral strategy: self-representation and multipartisanship. While self-representation has granted agrarian elites direct access to agenda-setting positions within Congress, having members in many parties has increased the number of agenda-setting positions they can control and guaranteed their presence in the legislative coalition of right- and left-wing presidents alike.
Psychometric Properties of the Patient Activation Measure in Community-Dwelling Adults in Singapore
Authors: Ge Lixia , Kaur Palvinder , Yap Chun Wei , Heng Bee Hoon
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Measuring health activation in general population using valid instruments is needed to facilitate the evaluation of health education and behavioral programs in community. The 13-item Patient Activation Measure was well validated in patients with different chronic diseases but rarely validated in general population. The objective of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Patient Activation Measure among community-dwelling adults in Singapore.

Methods

Data of participants having valid responses to the English-version measure (N = 824) were analyzed. The psychometric properties were assessed by demonstrating evidence for uni-dimensionality using Rasch Principal Component Analysis of Residuals, known-group validity, convergent and divergent validity, and internal consistency reliability using Cronbach’s alpha.

Results

The uni-dimensionality of the Patient Activation Measure was supported by the Rasch Principal Component Analysis of Residuals results. Participants having multimorbidity or polypharmacy and being inactive in physical activity had significantly lower activation scores. The activation score was positively and moderately correlated with health confidence measured by the Health Confidence Measure (r = .38, P < .001), and negatively and weakly correlated with depressive symptoms measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire (r = − .13, P < .001). The internal reliability was good with a Cronbach’s alpha of .82.

Conclusion

The 13-item Patient Activation Measure has acceptable construct validity and good internal consistency among community-dwelling adults. It is a potential instrument to measure health activation in this population. Further research is required to investigate the expansion of response options, validate the cut-off scores for the activation levels and examine the test-retest reliability and responsiveness.
Embracing embodiedness, desire and failure: Women’s fluid gender performances in Sevgi Soysal’s oeuvre from the 1960s
Authors: Maksudyan Nazan , Alkan Burcu
Published: May 2022

The ‘women’s liberation’ of the global 1960s did not entail a full range of women’s rights, feminist politics and sexual freedoms in Turkey. On the contrary, the Turkish 1960s were characterised by a patriarchal heteronormative order that imprisoned women in a passive and essentially asexual identity and denied them control over their bodies. In Turkey, women’s emancipation was postponed. At the same time, the 1960s offered a juncture of literary renewal in women’s writing and representation, embracing the dictum ‘the personal is political’. This article focuses on three works by Sevgi Soysal (1936–1976), a key name of this period whose writing is concerned with the problematisation of what Judith Butler calls ‘the compulsory order of sex/gender/desire’. Relying on queer theory, we examine how Soysal’s Tutkulu Perçem (The Passionate Forelock, 1962), Tante Rosa (Aunt Rosa, 1968) and Yürümek (Walking, 1970) represent female characters’ growing awareness of their rich spectrum of gender performances, as they embrace their desires, transformations and confusions. In this way, Soysal’s works not only take the female body ‘out of the closet’ but also explore its multitude of desires and fluid possibilities.
The Long Struggle for Constitutional Change in Myanmar
Authors: Harding Andrew J , Kyaw Nyi Nyi
Published: May 2022

The rigidity of the 2008 Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar is rightly notorious, as this rigidity was proven at least three times through failed attempts at reform. Despite these failed attempts, the military disputed the results of the election held in November 2020, and conflict ostensibly over that issue led to a military coup on 1 February 2021. This coup purported to have been undertaken constitutionally as an ‘emergency’ but was the object of popular rejection. In this article, we focus on the struggle over constitutionalism that had its origins in earlier attempts to achieve democracy. In our focus on the current nature and implication of ‘constitutional struggle’ in Myanmar, we make use of analysis based on factual data collected by the second author, located in Mandalay, one of the epicentres of struggle against the military and their actions following the coup. Our argument is that this ‘praetorian constitutionalism’ in Myanmar absent a pre-agreed pact between the military and the civilian defies the basic logic of democratic or liberal constitutionalism and hence is unconstitutional in both spirit and text. This explains how a constitution drafted in order to protect the position and privileges of the military was ultimately in effect rejected by that same military. The article will argue that the praetorian constitutionalism of Myanmar during 2010–21 contains a necessarily built-in struggle between the civilian and the soldier that remains unresolved.
Beyond Parliament: Gandhian Democracy and Postcolonial Founding
Authors: Parasher Tejas
Published: May 2022

Through a study of Gandhian political writings in mid-twentieth-century India, this article explores the neglected question of how the issue of representative democracy shaped anticolonial thought. The rise of a Gandhian perspective on electoral representation was made possible by the account of modern democracy given in Gandhi’s "Hind Swaraj" (1909). From the 1930s, four key Indian thinkers influenced by Gandhi expanded on "Hind Swaraj" to argue that capitalist economics were a threat to democratic equality and produced the kinds of unaccountability and elite capture of legislatures that they identified in Western European parliamentary states. In response, Gandhian thinkers developed proposals for federalist postcolonial constitutions, combining a system of participatory legislative councils with collectivist agrarian socialism. I trace the intellectual origins of Gandhian democratic thought in the 1930s and 1940s and outline how its main proponents articulated ideas of antiparliamentarism and moral economics. Revisiting the Gandhian tradition, I suggest, highlights the importance of economic ethics in participatory theories of democracy and popular sovereignty.
Amusement Leaves the Port: Pleasure Institutions and the Reshaping of Gothenburg’s Material and Nonmaterial Borders, 1860s-1923
Authors: Reimann Christina
Published: May 2022

Spaces of pleasure tend to unite people and bridge sociocultural boundaries while involving exclusion mechanisms and tools for social control. Institutions of pleasure also contribute to the spatial configuration of cities. This article explores the role played by pleasure institutions in marking material and nonmaterial borders in turn-of-the-century Gothenburg. It examines how internal city borders, and, in particular, those between areas seen as “port districts” and those conceived as the “city centre,” were constructed, maintained, and given meaning through institutions of pleasure, and how these borders in turn shaped the city’s pleasure culture. Analyzing different social actors’ share in the social practices and discourses that constructed these borders, I argue that pleasure institutions played an important role in the reconfiguration of Gothenburg’s urban space in the course of the city’s tension-fraught entry into urban modernity.
Forgotten Fun: Recollecting the Working-Class Pleasurescape of Hamburg’s East End, 1880s-1950s
Authors: Just Alina L.
Published: May 2022

In the early twentieth century, St. Pauli was not the only place in Hamburg to go to have fun. In the city’s East End, a wide range of pubs, clubs, and ballrooms turned working-class quarters into a vibrant pleasurescape. Based on historical-topographic and archival research, this paper explores eastern Hamburg’s forgotten pleasurescape with the aim of drawing attention to pleasure culture as a social driving force and of redressing the balance in the city’s one-sided history of pleasure culture. In the course of the study, the term “pleasurescape” is more clearly nuanced and geo-spatial historical mapping further explored as a tool for urban history.
Robust feedback feed-forward PD-type iterative learning control for uncertain discrete systems over finite frequency ranges
Authors: Zou Wei , Shen Yanxia , Paszke Wojciech , Tao Hongfeng
Published: May 2022

This paper proposes a robust feedback feed-forward proportional-derivative type (PD-type) iterative learning control (ILC) scheme for a class of linear discrete systems with polytopic uncertainty over finite frequency ranges. First, the ILC process is transformed into an equivalent discrete linear repetitive process. Then, with the help of the generalized Kalman–Yakubovich–Popov lemma, the issue of a robust control law design algorithm in the process model is converted into the problem of solutions to the corresponding linear matrix inequality conditions. This procedure not only meets the robust performance specifications along the trial, but also guarantees the monotonic converge of the trial-to-trial error dynamics over finite frequency ranges. Finally, the simulations for a direct current servo motor system are adopted to show the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method. Compared with previously established works, the new algorithm is more effective in delivering higher performance and achieving better tracking effect.
Survey on deep learning-based 3D object detection in autonomous driving
Authors: Liang Zhenming , Huang Yingping
Published: May 2022

Autonomous driving technology has entered into the fast lane of development in recent years. An essential component of autonomous driving technology is scene perception, especially 3D object detection. This work gives a comprehensive survey on the up-to-date deep learning-based approaches for 3D object detection in autonomous driving, and categorizes the existing detection models into three classes in terms of their input data format, including LiDAR point cloud-based, Camera RGB image-based, and LiDAR point cloud-camera image fusion-based 3D object detection methods. This work also discusses and analyzes these models according to their characteristics, basic frameworks, advantages and disadvantages, and exhibits the benchmark datasets which are commonly used in the research community. At last, this work summarizes the review work and provides a discussion on the practical challenges and future trend of the research domain.