bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cyanomethylative cyclization of unactivated alkenes with nitriles for the synthesis of cyano-containing ring-fused quinazolin-4(3H)-ones
Authors: Liu Han , Yang Zixian , Huang Gao , Yu Jin-Tao , Pan Changduo
Published: December 2021

The synthesis of cyano-containing pyrrolo- and piperidino-quinazolinones was developed using alkyl nitriles through radical cascade addition/cyclization under metal-free conditions.
High-directionality spin-selective routing of photons in plasmonic nanocircuits
Authors: Ma Youqiao , Liu Bo , Huang Zhiqin , Li Jinhua , Han Zhanghua , Wu Di , Zhou Jun , Ma Yuan , Wu Qiang , Maeda Hiroshi
Published: December 2021

This work reports high-directionality spin-selective routers and beam splitters by using achiral split-ring coupling to dielectric-loaded plasmonic waveguides.
Structure engineering of alveoli-like ZSM-5 with encapsulated Pt nanoparticles for the enhanced benzene oxidation
Authors: Tian Jian , Qi Lixue , Zhang Quan , Zhan Guowu , Sun Daohua , Li Qingbiao
Published: December 2021

An alveoli-like ZSM-5 with encapsulated metal (Pt NPs) was designed via a novel and facile method. The benzene-catalyzed removal over the alveoli-like Pt@PZ5 respires like lungs, inhaling toxic benzene and exhaling carbon dioxide and water.
Integration of a capacitor to a 3-D DNA walker and a biofuel cell-based self-powered system for ultrasensitive bioassays of microRNAs
Authors: Wang Fu-Ting , Huang Ke-Jing , Hou Yang-Yang , Tan Xuecai , Wu Xu , Yu Xin-Meng , Zhou Xin
Published: December 2021

A self-powered microRNA biosensor with triple signal amplification systems was assembled through the integration of three-dimensional DNA walkers, enzymatic biofuel cells and a capacitor.
Pulmonary delivery of mucosal nanovaccines
Authors: Tang Wei , Zhang Yu , Zhu Guizhi
Published: December 2021

Mucosal vaccines can elicit both systemic and mucosal immunity to treat/prevent local mucosal or distant or systemic immune diseases and infection.
Glutathione-functionalized magnetic thioether-COFs for the simultaneous capture of urinary exosomes and enrichment of exosomal glycosylated and phosphorylated peptides
Authors: Xiong Fangfang , Jia Jiaxin , Ma Jiutong , Jia Qiong
Published: December 2021

A novel magnetic material, Fe3O4@Thio-COF@Au@GSH, was applied to enrich exosomes and exosomal glycosylated and phosphorylated peptides simultaneously.
A stable liquid–solid interface of a lithium metal anode enabled by micro-region meshing
Authors: Man Jianzong , Liu Kun , Du Yehong , Wang Xinyu , Li Song , Wen Zhongsheng , Ji Shijun , Sun Juncai
Published: December 2021

A stable liquid–solid interface of an electrode is formed due to the numerous micro-regions on the surface of Ni foam divided by the honeycomb-like Ni3N nanosheet arrays, realizing a dendrite-free lithium metal anode.
Tuning the luminescence of transition metal complexes with acyclic diaminocarbene ligands
Authors: Kinzhalov Mikhail A. , Grachova Elena V. , Luzyanin Konstantin V.
Published: December 2021

Organometallics featuring acyclic diaminocarbene ligands have recently emerged as powerful emitters for use in electroluminescent technologies.
Rhodium-catalyzed coupling-cyclization reaction of isocyanides and 2-azidophenyloxyacrylates: synthesis of N-(3-substituted benzo[d]oxazol-2(3H)-ylidene)amines and dihydrobenzo[d]oxazoles
Authors: Yang Ming , Xu Xue-Cen , Gong Yue , Zhao Yu-Long
Published: December 2021

A rhodium-catalyzed coupling cyclization of isocyanides with 2-azidophenyloxyacrylates has been developed. The reaction provides a new method for the synthesis of N-(3-substituted benzo[d]oxazol-2(3H)-ylidene)amines and dihydrobenzo[d]oxazoles.
How the electron-deficient Cp ligand facilitates Rh-catalyzed annulations with alkynes
Authors: Gao Han , Hu Lingfei , Hu Yanlei , Lv Xiangying , Wu Yan-Bo , Lu Gang
Published: December 2021

The dominant factors for the CpX ligand effects (Cp* versus CpE) on the reactivity for alkyne insertion into cationic and neutral rhodacycles are identified based on energy decomposition analysis.
K3V2O3F4(IO3)3: a high-performance SHG crystal containing both five and six-coordinated V5+ cations
Authors: Chen Jin , Hu Chun-Li , Lin Yi-Lin , Chen Yan , Chen Qian-Qian , Mao Jiang-Gao
Published: December 2021

K3V2O3F4(IO3)3, which is the first metal vanadium iodate containing two different V-centered polyhedra, exhibits a strong SHG effect of 1.3 × KTP and a large birefringence of 0.158 @ 2050 nm.
High performance magnetorheological fluids: very high magnetization FeCo–Fe3O4 nanoclusters in a ferrofluid carrier
Authors: Craciunescu Izabell , Chiţanu Elena , Codescu Mirela M. , Iacob N. , Kuncser A. , Kuncser V. , Socoliuc V. , Susan-Resiga Daniela , Bălănean Florica , Ispas G. , Borbáth Tünde , Borbáth I. , Turcu Rodica , Vékás L.
Published: December 2021

The dispersion of magnetite-FeCo high magnetization clusters into the ferrofluid results in a new type of magnetorheological fluid.
Hydrogels with highly concentrated salt solution as electrolytes for solid-state supercapacitors with a suppressed self-discharge rate
Authors: Shi Mingwei , Yang Wei , Zhang Zailei , Zhao Man , Wang Zhong Lin , Lu Xianmao
Published: December 2021

Polyacrylamide hydrogel electrolytes with highly concentrated salt solutions have been developed for solid-state supercapacitors of slow self-discharge. When the supercapacitors are charged by a triboelectric nanogenerator, a much enhanced charging efficiency has been obtained.
Salt loading decreases urinary excretion and increases intracellular accumulation of uromodulin in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Mary Sheon , Boder Philipp , Rossitto Giacomo , Graham Lesley , Scott Kayley , Flynn Arun , Kipgen David , Graham Delyth , Delles Christian
Published: December 2021

Uromodulin (UMOD) is the most abundant renal protein secreted into urine by the thick ascending limb (TAL) epithelial cells of the loop of Henle. Genetic studies have demonstrated an association between UMOD risk variants and hypertension. We aimed to dissect the role of dietary salt in renal UMOD excretion in normotension and chronic hypertension. Normotensive Wistar–Kyoto rats (WKY) and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) (n=8/sex/strain) were maintained on 1% NaCl for 3 weeks. A subset of salt-loaded SHRSP was treated with nifedipine. Salt-loading in SHRSP increased blood pressure (ΔSBP 35 ± 5 mmHg, P<0.0001) and kidney injury markers such as kidney injury marker-1 (KIM-1; fold change, FC 3.4; P=0.003), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL; FC, 2.0; P=0.012) and proteinuria. After salt-loading there was a reduction in urinary UMOD excretion in WKY and SHRSP by 26 and 55% respectively, compared with baseline. Nifedipine treatment reduced blood pressure (BP) in SHRSP, however, did not prevent salt-induced reduction in urinary UMOD excretion. In all experiments, changes in urinary UMOD excretion were dissociated from kidney UMOD protein and mRNA levels. Colocalization and ex-vivo studies showed that salt-loading increased intracellular UMOD retention in both WKY and SHRSP. Our study provides novel insights into the interplay among salt, UMOD, and BP. The role of UMOD as a cardiovascular risk marker deserves mechanistic reappraisal and further investigations based on our findings.
Professors' Perceptions and Evaluations of Students Who Do and Do Not Stutter Following Oral Presentations
Authors: Werle Danielle , Byrd Courtney T.
Published: December 2021

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptual ratings and performance evaluations of students who do and do not stutter by professors who require oral presentations. Additionally, this study sought to investigate the influence of behaviors related to communication competence on perceptual and evaluative ratings.

Method:

One hundred fifty-eight college instructors who require oral presentations in their classes participated in this study. Participants viewed one video of four possible randomized conditions: (a) presence of stuttering + low communication competence, (b) absence of stuttering + low communication competence, (c) presence of stuttering + high communication competence, and (d) absence of stuttering + high communication competence. Participants evaluated student performance against a standardized rubric and rated the student along 16 personality traits.

Results:

Results of separate 2 × 2 analyses of variance revealed professors' view and evaluate students presenting with high communication competence more positively overall, regardless as to whether stuttering is present or not. Significant interactions between fluency (i.e., presence vs. absence of stuttering) and communication competence (i.e., high vs. low) were found for negative personality traits, as well as delivery evaluation scores. The video for which the student stuttered and presented with low communication competence was rated more positively than the video for which the student did not stutter and presented with low communication competence.

Conclusions:

Professors perceive and evaluate students who stutter differently from their nonstuttering peers, and those ratings are moderated by levels of communication competence. High-communication-competence behaviors improved perceptual and evaluation scores; however, in the presence of low-communication-competence behaviors, professors overcorrect in the form of positive feedback bias, which may have negative long-term academic consequences.
Consensus‐based decentralized energy trading for distributed energy resources
Authors: Wang Zhenyu , Zhang Xiaoyu , Wang Hao
Published: December 2021

In smart grids, distributed energy resources (DERs) have penetrated residential zones to provide a new form of electricity supply, mainly from renewable energy. Residential households and commercial buildings with DERs have become prosumers in local grids because they can sell surplus power to others. Research has been initiated to integrate and utilize DERs through better control and communication strategies. With the advances in the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, unprecedented coordination among DERs can be achieved to facilitate energy trading and transactive energy management. However, preventing leakage of user information during the optimization process remains a challenge for researchers, which drives them to develop privacy‐preserving energy management systems. In this study, a fully decentralized transactive energy management method using a consensus‐based algorithm is developed. Specifically, a virtual pool is designed for prosumers to trade energy and exchange information with the support of IoT technologies. The consensus‐based algorithm enables prosumers to obtain an optimal energy schedule independently in a coordinated manner without revealing any personal data. Practical data was used to perform simulations and validate the proposed algorithm. The results showed that the authors' consensus‐based decentralized transactive energy management strategy is feasible and can significantly reduce the overall system cost.
Digital Moving Average Filter Application for Echo Signals and Temperature
Authors: Purnamasari Dian Neipa , Wibisono Kunto Aji , Sukri Hanifudin
Published: December 2021

In this work, we propose a digital filter design, namely moving average filter (MAF) to be implemented on echo signal and temperature data. The echo signal data is obtained from the ultrasonic transducer, while the temperature data is obtained from the PI controller. The implementation of the moving average filter on the echo signal data will compare the second-order MAF and the fourth-order MAF. The results of the test show that the use of a digital filter makes the data smoother when compared to unfiltered data. Furthermore, the comparison of orders on the MAF filter has an impact on the filter response getting closer to the ideal characteristics if using a higher order.
Mapping Tsunami Vulnerability Area for Bacan Sub-District and Its Surroundings – North Maluku Province
Authors: Lessy Mohammad Ridwan , Sabar Mesrawaty
Published: December 2021

This research aims to explore tsunami-prone areas in the Bacan and South Bacan districts of South Halmahera Regency. The findings of this research are planned to assist all stakeholders, particularly in developing disaster risk assessment sheets. To estimate the tsunami hazard map, the susceptibility of the elevation, slope, river distance, and coastal distance was collected. Overlaying thematic maps were used assisted by GIS software. The result shows that the low and very low tsunami vulnerability areas were safe from tsunami inundation predominate in the Eastern part and Northern part of the study area while the area designated as very vulnerable covered 157,10 hectares. These locations may have sustained the most damage from a tsunami catastrophe due to their proximity to the sea, low terrain and slope, and dense population. In consideration of the tsunami disasters in Aceh, we anticipate that tsunami risk maps will support in the initiation of humanitarian and development activities in North Maluku Province.
Web-Base Information System of Rice Milling Places In Malind District
Authors: Loppies Stanly Hence Dolfi , Jayawardana Hasanudin , Santoso Kiki Resmi Hadi
Published: December 2021

Rice is a strategic food commodity that can affect the lives of all Indonesian citizens and is given top priority from the government to achieve national food security. Malind district is an agricultural area with quite extensive rice plants covering an area of 551.24 km2with eight villages, and the number of rices milling places as many as fourteen places. The milling places play a very real role in advancing the economy nationally. Farmers in Malind District have problems finding and obtaining information from mills when grinding their unhulled rice. Website contains information that can be accessed easily and quickly using an address or link from an information system.
Factors Affecting the Implementation of Smart Education in Indonesia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Seh Turuy , Asaf Arief , Asyarif Latif Lita
Published: December 2021

The educational progress of an area is determined by the way the government manages its education system. Smart education is a learning concept that utilizes 21st-century skills by following the latest technological innovations. Not all regions are able and ready to implement the concept. This study utilizes the Systematic Review method to identify what factors need to be considered in implementing smart education based on previous studies. The research resulted in five main interrelated aspects of all the factors found in previous studies, namely technological aspects, data aspects, H.R. aspects, organizational aspects, and cost aspects. By paying attention to all the factors from these five aspects, it will increase the level of success of the government in implementing smart education.
Study on the strength of a fishing boat made from plastic recycles
Authors: Saputra Noverdo , Martana Budhi , Noorohmah Fahrudin , Rizal Reda
Published: December 2021

Ship’s strength is a very significant factor in ship design. In this research, a study of the strength of ships made of recycled plastic material has been carried out. The ship has been designed according to the needs of the load weight, passengers, propulsion system, fishing equipment and the weight of the material itself. Then the load is distributed into the design, where the profile shape and plate thickness used are assumed to be temporary. The strength of the boat analysed, and the minimum plate thickness required in the design is 10 mm with maximum strain The recycle plastic used is type 2 (HDPE).
Utilization of bus tree wood (Melaleuca sp) as environmentally friendly fuel for household industrial scale Aluminum smelting stoves in Merauke, Papua
Authors: A Rahangmetan Klemens , Cipto Cipto , Wely Wullur Christian , Sariman Farid , Hariyanto Hariyanto
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study is the use of bus wood trees as fuel for aluminum smelting for the home industry because it has a good heating value and is very efficient, from the laboratory test results, the bus tree wood has a calorific value of 5981 (calories/g). The methods used experimental and analytical to get the results from the use of bus wood as fuel for aluminum smelting which will certainly produce good mechanical properties. The results obtained a good combustion process that releasing all the heat contained in a fuel and done with three combustion control processes, including a fairly high temperature to ignite and maintain the flame of the fuel, turbulence or mixing O2 and the use of good fuel and sufficient time to complete combustion process. The fuel (bus wood) which is inputted in the furnace is designed so that the combustion process takes place more completely with minimal heat losses. The results of temperature changes seem a thermocouple and crucible furnace insulator material were very good heat resistance hence the time of the melting process it doesn't take longer which is 15 minutes. The aluminum in crucibles has melted at a temperature of 723℃.
Design of Solar Water Heater Using Collector Cylindric Parabolic and Coil Heater as Absorber at Focus Point
Authors: Farah Dina Sari , Jufrizal  , Masriani Rambe Siti , Limbong Harry P. , Sipahutar Edwin H.
Published: December 2021

Solar thermal water heating systems have been developed to replace conventional heating. Therefore, the design of a parabolic cylinder collector-type solar heating unit with a coil-shaped heater (absorber) has been carried out. The cylindrical collector is made of an aluminum plate covered with a reflective sticker and the base is insulated, having a diameter, height, length, and position of the focal point 150, 60, 200, and 22.4 cm, respectively. The coil water heater of 3/8-inch diameter copper pipe having a diameter, pitch, and length of 20, 3, and 200 cm, respectively. The concentration ratio between collector area and heating pipe area (absorber) is 3.6. The results of heating trials conducted from 10:00 to 16:00 WIT, in Duplo to 100 liters of water circulated through the heating pipe at a speed of 0.017 kg/sec, indicate that heating is affected by fluctuations in radiation intensity. Thermal efficiency is inversely proportional to heating time. the lower the time when the difference between the temperature of the incoming and outgoing water gets smaller, or in other words in the evening the water temperature approaches a steady state. The achieved maximum water-heating temperature is 53C in the average radiation range during the test is 687-693 W/m2.
Characteristics of Buginese Traditional Houses and their Response to Sustainability and Pandemics
Authors: Rahim Mustamin , Abbas Irwan
Published: December 2021

This study aims to analyze the characteristics of traditional Buginese houses and positive features that are beneficial to response sustainability and pandemics through literature studies and field observations. The study results show that the traditional Buginese houses were built based on local wisdom and environmental consideration from the philosophy of “Sulapa Eppa" (rectangular) with the meaning "Universe". The building typology is a stilt house consisting of three levels of the room, which symbolize the human body anatomy; head (roof/house attic), body (body-house), and foot (under the house). The Buginese traditional architecture is very responsive to nature and sustainability and contains positive features in maintaining the building occupant’s health in the past according to experience and resources at that time. These positive values can inspire sustainable designs in the future.
Flexural Capacity of Rattan Cane Reinforced Concrete Beams
Authors: Kaaba Sjamsuddin , Amir Sultan Mufti , Samad Sudarman
Published: December 2021

To overcome the dependence on the use of reinforcing steel in concrete, alternative materials are used as reinforcement that is easy and cheap to obtain the resistant of corrosion namely rattan rods. With this material the natural resources can be utilized optimally. This research uses rattan as reinforcement for concrete beams. The test is carried out using a two-point loading method, used 4 types of beams, namely 2 rattan reinforcement beam (BR2), 3 rattan reinforcement (BR3), 4 rattan reinforcement (BR4) and 2 steel reinforcement (BS2) as control beams. The test results show that the addition of 2 times the amount of rattan reinforcement resulted in an increase in flexural capacity of 48.51%. The flexural capacity of rattanreinforced beams is lower than the flexural capacity of steel-reinforced beams by 10%, so the use of rattan as reinforcement in non-structural construction.
Parametric effect on material removal rate and surface roughness of electrical discharge machined magnesium alloy
Authors: Ananthi Narayanasamy , Elaiyarasan Uthirapathi , Satheeshkumar Vinaitheerthan , Senthilkumar Chinnamuthu , Sathiyamurthy Subbarayan , Nallathambi Kaliyamoorthi
Published: December 2021

Magnesium and its alloys play a vital role in various applications such as automobile, aircraft, biomedical and military etc. Mg alloys have superior characteristics such as light weight, high strength, good damping capacity and easily castability etc. Eventhough it has attractive range of properties, the machining of magnesium alloys using conventional machining methods is difficult. To overcome that issue, non traditional machining is considered as a potential process. EDM is an electro thermal process extensively used for machining hard materials. In this investigation, the ZE41A magnesium alloy is machined using EDM with copper electrode. In order to improve surface characteristics such as material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR), various parameters namely current, pulse on time and pulse off time were selected. The regression values of MRR and SR are 97.20% and 99.62% respectively indicating an empirical relationship between the parameters and responses. Pulse off time was found as a significant parameter on the response followed by pulse on time and current. MRR and SR increased with increasing current, pulse on time and pulse off time. At a current of 5A, the produced spark density is high so that the removed quantity of material from the workpiece is high. At a pulse on time of 95 μs, the spark intensity is high affecting the local temperature in the machined zone, and hence MRR increases. SR drastically increases at increasing current. At higher current, large size crater are observed on the machined surface that made the surface rough, and hence SR increases.
Nonlinear terahertz effects of gold nanofilms
Authors: Yang Peidi , Zhang Baolong , Ma Jinglong , Li Yutong , Miao Jungang , Wu Xiaojun
Published: December 2021

Nonlinear interaction between strong-field terahertz electromagnetic waves and matters will become one of the next hot research frontiers in nonlinear optics. However, the lack of strong terahertz radiation sources and appropriate nonlinear terahertz materials have impeded its progress. Here we systematically have investigated the strong-field terahertz nonlinear effects of gold (Au) nanofilms on different substrates, including SiO2, high-resistivity Si and SiO2-high-resistivity Si hybrid substrates. The strong-field terahertz waves are emitted from lithium niobate crystals via tilted pulse front technique, and obvious nonlinear transmission responses are observed along with varying the incident field strengths for all the Au samples on the three types of the substrates. The nonlinear behavior is enhanced when the gold nanofilm thickness increases, which can be qualitatively understood by introducing the quantum tunneling effect and carrier multiplication theory generated at the Au nano-slits under the illumination of the strong-field terahertz pulses. Our demonstrations not only open a new paradigm for nonlinear terahertz investigations and future high-speed terahertz devices, but also provide an effective platform for exploring extreme terahertz sciences.
Pneumomediastinum bei schwerer COVID-19-Erkrankung: eine Fallserie von acht Patienten
Authors: Reindl Sebastian , Al-Wheibi Saja , Umlauf Julian , Girdauskas Evaldas , Raab Stephan
Published: December 2021

Die häufigste Ursache für ein Pneumomediastinum sind Traumata. Im Rahmen von COVID-19-Pneumonien wird dieses Krankheitsbild jedoch häufiger bei Patienten ohne zugrunde liegende exogene Verletzung gefunden. Pathophysiologisch wird hier eine Ursache analog zum Macklin-Effekt vermutet, bei dem Einrisse auf Alveolarebene zu Emphysemen entlang des Tracheobronchialbaums mit Betonung im Mediastinum führen. Wir stellen hier eine Fallserie von 8 Patienten vor, die auf unserer Intensivstation behandelt wurden. Bei allen Patienten konnte das Mediastinalemphysem bereits im Röntgenbild des Thorax gesehen werden. Fünf Patienten erhielten zusätzlich eine Computertomografie des Thorax. Sechs Patienten waren invasiv beatmet. Alle Patienten erhielten Kortikosteroide, Antikoagulation und Antibiose. Nur bei Patienten mit einem zusätzlichen Pneumothorax (n = 5) wurde eine Pleuradrainage angelegt. Eine Bronchoskopie wurde nur durchgeführt, falls im Zusammenhang mit dem Auftreten des
Pneumomediastinums der Verdacht auf eine iatrogene Verletzung des Tracheobronchialbaums bestand (n = 2). Drei Patienten verstarben im Verlauf der Intensivbehandlung im Rahmen der COVID-19-Erkrankung. Ein prognostischer Zusammenhang zwischen dem Auftreten eines Pneumomediastinums und einem fatalen Krankheitsverlauf wird diskutiert.
Chirurgische Lehre in Zeiten von COVID-19: Aus notwendigen Kompromissen werden Chancen für die Zukunft
Authors: Hanke Laura Isabel , Wachter Nicolas , Boedecker Christian , Penzkofer Lea , Koch Martina , Dietz Sven-Oliver , König Tatjana Tamara , Heinemann Markus K. , Neulen Axel , Kurz Sandra , Lang Hauke , Huber Tobias
Published: December 2021

Hintergrund Chirurgische Lehre im Rahmen des klinischen Studienabschnitts beruht sowohl auf der Wissensvermittlung von Krankheitsbildern und deren Behandlung als auch auf der Weitergabe von psychomotorischen Fähigkeiten wie z. B. dem chirurgischen Nähen. Im gesamten klinischen Studienabschnitt werden kommunikative Fertigkeiten und der professionelle Umgang mit Patienten geschult. Die Kontaktbeschränkungen im Rahmen der COVID-19-Pandemie stellten seit dem Sommersemester (SoSe) 2020 die chirurgische Lehre vor neue, kurzfristig umzusetzende Herausforderungen. Hierzu gehörten die zügige Implementierung digitaler Lerninhalte sowie die Ausarbeitung neuer Hygienekonzepte für Lehre und Prüfungssituationen.

Material und Methoden Die Maßnahmen zur Umstrukturierung der chirurgischen Lehre sowie deren Evaluation durch die Studierenden an der Universitätsmedizin Mainz im SoSe 2020 sowie im Wintersemester (WiSe) 2020/2021 wurden systematisch aufgearbeitet. Die Evaluationsergebnisse wurden mit denen des Sommersemesters 2019 verglichen. Des Weiteren wurde am Ende der jeweiligen Semester eine Onlinebefragung unter den chirurgischen Lehrbeauftragten der Deutschen Medizinstudiengänge (n = 39) durchgeführt, um Erfahrungen und Herangehensweisen an die veränderte Situation zu vergleichen.

Ergebnisse Die chirurgische Lehre fand an allen teilnehmenden Universitäten statt. Insgesamt wurde die digitale Lehre von Studierenden und Lehrenden gut angenommen. Auch auf kurzfristige Änderungen der Kontaktbeschränkungen wurde durch die operativen Fächer reagiert. Sowohl Studierende als auch Lehrende vermissen den Präsenzunterricht (SoSe 2020 36%, WiSe 20/21 40%). Die neuen Lehrmethoden wurden positiv aufgenommen (SoSe 2020 45%, WiSe 20/21 40%) und der Wunsch, diese fest zu implementieren, wurde deutlich (WiSe 20/21 60%). Insbesondere die asynchron abrufbaren Lehreinheiten erfreuten sich innerhalb und außerhalb des Semesters großer Beliebtheit.

Schlussfolgerung Präsenzunterricht ist für die Vermittlung psychomotorischer Lernziele und die Schulung von Kommunikationsfähigkeiten unerlässlich. Die Möglichkeit, digitale Lehre und Blended-Learning-Konzepte in der Zukunft zu implementieren, erscheint auch für operative Fächer vielversprechend, um die Präsenzzeit effektiver zu gestalten.
Balanced-Scorecard (BSC) als Instrument der Unterstützung einer Leitlinienimplementierung
Authors: George Wolfgang M. , Haberland Michael , Ascensi Mandy , Griewing Bernd , Dapper Jens , Walter Dominik
Published: December 2021

Die Implementierung von versorgungsbezogenen Leitlinien kann aussichtsversprechend nur in Form eines Multiprojektmanagements betrieben werden. Solch ein Projekt, Avenue-Pal, mit dem Ziel, die Versorgungssituation Sterbender durch Reduktion nicht notwendiger Verlegungen zu verbessern, wird in dessen Methode und Durchführung in 2 Modelleinrichtungen beschrieben. Deutlich wird, dass zentrale Risiken, die zu Verlegungen führen, nur durch organisatorische Anpassungen überwunden werden können. Damit wird die Umsetzung einer Leitlinie immer auch zu einer Managementaufgabe. Die Methode der Balanced Scorecard (BSC) wird einführend vorgestellt und auf den konkreten Handlungsfall übertragen. Es werden unterschiedliche Struktur-, Prozess und Ergebnisindikatoren für die 4 BSC-Dimensionen, sowohl der Pflegeeinrichtung als auch des Krankenhauses, berichtet. Kennzahlen, die geeignet sind, das „visionäre Ziel“ mit Hilfe der BSC zu operationalisieren und steuerbar zu machen. Auch wenn die BSC für das Projekt Avenue-Pal entwickelt wurde, zeigte sich, dass die Anwendung des Verfahrens grundsätzlich als hilfreiches Instrument des Managements zu bewerten ist, wenn transsektorale Versorgungsleitlinien umgesetzt werden.
T-Scan Novus System in the Management of Splints—Pilot Study
Authors: Bozhkova Tanya , Shopova Dobromira
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this pilot study was to demonstrate the capabilities of the T-Scan Novus system in bruxism treatment by splints. Bruxism patients underwent treatment with a splint made by additive manufacturing. Intraoral scanning was performed using Trios Color (3Shape), and digital design was performed using 3Shape Dental system design - splint studio. The biocompatible material Dental LT Clear Resin was printed using a Formlabs Form 2 printer. The T-Scan Novus system with a software attached to it, version 9.1, was used for digital examination of the occlusion. A splint with an occlusal thickness of 2.5 mm was developed and software adapted with relief to antagonists. The digitally set occlusion with even contacts turned out to be clinically unbalanced. After adjusting with T-Scan Novus, a balanced occlusion was achieved in the right and left halves. The treatment of bruxism with splint therapy continues to be the main method. Its combination with digital technologies allows more precise constructions and more accurate balancing of occlusal relationships.
Aortic Thrombus Embolization in A Patient with Tuberous Sclerosis
Authors: Wolf Steven , Rhoads Andrew , Gomes William , Overby Philip , McGoldrick Patricia
Published: December 2021

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder affecting many organ systems. Patients commonly develop a variety of benign tumors as well as neurological disease, including seizures, autism, and cognitive delay. We report here the case of an adolescent patient with TSC and a history of mild COVID-19 who presented with a 1-day history of altered mental status. The patient was found to have ischemic cerebral infarction of the right MCA and ACA territories. Initial angiography showed an occlusion of the right internal carotid artery without a demonstrable etiology, with follow-up echocardiography and angiography revealing a large aortic thrombus. The patient was not a candidate for thrombus removal due to her cerebral infarct and received medical anticoagulation. Thrombosis progressed to involve the left ICA, with left cerebral infarction and subsequent death. Aortic thrombus embolization as a cause of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is a novel finding in the setting of TSC and should be considered for pediatric patients with CVA of unknown etiology. It is unclear whether this was related to the prior COVID-19 infection.
Phenotype from SAMD9 Mutation at 7p21.2 Appears Attenuated by Novel Compound Heterozygous Variants at RUNX2 and SALL1
Authors: Sills E. Scott , Wood Samuel H.
Published: December 2021

Sterile α motif domain-containing protein 9 (SAMD9) is a regulatory protein centrally involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis. Mapped to 7p21.2, variants in SAMD9 have been reported in <50 pediatric cases worldwide, typically with early lethality. Germline gain-of-function SAMD9 variants are associated with MIRAGE syndrome (myelodysplasia, infection, restricted growth, adrenal hypoplasia, genital anomalies, and enteropathy). Spalt like transcription factor 1 (SALL1) is a zinc finger transcriptional repressor located at 16q12.1 where only two transcript variants in SALL1 are known. RUNX2 (6p21.1) encodes a nuclear protein with a Runt DNA-binding domain critical for osteoblastic differentiation, skeletal morphogenesis, and serves as a scaffold for nucleic acids and regulatory factors involved in skeletal gene expression. RUNX2 and SALL1 are thus both “master regulators” of tissue organization and embryo development. Here, we describe exome sequencing and copy number variants in two previously unknown mutations—R824Q in SAMD9, and Q253H in SALL1. A multiexon 3′ terminal duplication of RUNX2 not previously encountered is also reported. This is the first known phenotype assessment for an intersection of all three variants in a healthy 46,XX adult. Focusing on developmental progress, ultrastructural renal anatomy, and selected reproductive aspects, we describe this unique genotype diagnosed incidentally during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) illness. Individually, disruption in SAMD9, RUNX2, or SALL1 would be expected to give a bleak prognosis. However, this variant convergence appears to dampen severe pathology perhaps by cross-gene silencing of effects normally deleterious when such changes occur alone.
Facing the pandemic with trust in science
Authors: Sulik Justin , Deroy Ophelia , Dezecache Guillaume , Newson Martha , Zhao Yi , El Zein Marwa , Tunçgenç Bahar
Published: December 2021

How essential is trust in science to prevent the spread of COVID-19? People who trust in science are reportedly more likely to comply with official guidelines, implying that higher levels of adherence could be achieved by improving trust in science. However, analysis of a global dataset (n = 4341) suggests otherwise. Trust in science had a small, indirect effect on adherence to the rules. Nonetheless, it predicted people’s approval of prevention measures such as social distancing, and bridged political ideology and approval of the measures (conservatives trusted science less and in turn approved of the measures less). These effects were stronger in the USA than in other countries. Even though any increase in trust in science is unlikely to yield strong behavioural changes, given its relationships with both ideology and individuals’ attitudes to the measures, trust in science may be leveraged to yield longer-term sustainable social benefits.
Government disclosure in influencing people’s behaviors during a public health emergency
Authors: Huang Li , Li Oliver Zhen , Yi Yang
Published: December 2021

We shed light on the importance of government disclosure in public emergency management. During the outbreak of COVID-19, provinces in China entered a government disclosure regime, which mandated the disclosure of the number of people infected with the virus on a daily basis. Each province also voluntarily disclosed its own virus situation. We find that various forms of province-level government disclosure generally reduced the number of trips made by the infected and sped up their diagnosis. They also raised attention paid to the virus and self-protection awareness as well as reduced mobility among the susceptible. Finally, government voluntary disclosure helped to reduce the duration of local epidemics. We conclude that government disclosure can be effective in instilling the correct human behaviors that are conducive to fighting the pandemic.
Enhanced photovoltaic effect derived from the regulation of Jahn–Teller distortion in a lattice compensation structure
Authors: Liu Yaping , Guo Fei , Yang Bo , Zhao Shifeng
Published: December 2021

Larger remanent polarization and lower optical bandgap play crucial roles in the ferroelectric photovoltaic effect. However, they are always mutually conditioning for almost perovskite material based orbital hybridization theories. Here, we design a lattice compensation structure, in which Eu was incorporated to strengthen J–T distortion of Mn–O octahedral in BiFeO3–BiMnO3 solid solution films due to relieved degeneracy; in turn, the distortion compensates the lattice shrink derived from Eu doping. A narrow bandgap of 2.24 eV and a large remanent polarization of 93.7 μC/cm2 are achieved by lattice compensation modification. Compared with the film with an Eu doping concentration of 0.04, the open-circuit voltage and the short-circuit current of the film with 0.08 doping concentration are increased by 4.6 and 2.7 times, respectively, showing remarkable ferroelectric photovoltaic response. This work identifies an alternative strategy to enhance ferroelectric photovoltaic effects by regulating J–T distortion and lattice compensation.
Polynomial ridge flowfield estimation
Authors: Scillitoe A. , Seshadri P. , Wong C. Y. , Duncan A.
Published: December 2021

Computational fluid dynamics plays a key role in the design process across many industries. Recently, there has been increasing interest in data-driven methods in order to exploit the large volume of data generated by such computations. This paper introduces the idea of using spatially correlated polynomial ridge functions for rapid flowfield estimation. Dimension reducing ridge functions are obtained for numerous points within training flowfields. The functions can then be used to predict flow variables for new, previously unseen, flowfields. Their dimension reducing nature alleviates the problems associated with visualizing high-dimensional datasets, enabling improved understanding of design spaces and potentially providing valuable physical insights. The proposed framework is computationally efficient; consisting of either readily parallelizable tasks or linear algebra operations. To further reduce the computational cost, ridge functions need only be computed at a small number of subsampled locations. The flow physics encoded within covariance matrices obtained from the training flowfields can then be used to predict flow quantities, conditional upon those predicted by the ridge functions at the sampled points. To demonstrate the efficacy of the framework, the incompressible flow around an ensemble of airfoils is used as a test case. The ridge functions’ predictive accuracy is found to be competitive with a state-of-the-art convolutional neural network. The local ridge functions can also be reused to obtain surrogate models for integral quantities, avoiding the need for long-term storage of the training data. Finally, use of the ridge framework with varying boundary conditions is demonstrated on a transonic wing.
A combined forecasting strategy for the improvement of operational efficiency in wind farm
Authors: Yu Yue , Wang Jianzhou , Liu Zhenkun , Zhao Weigang
Published: December 2021

Providing precise and stable forecasts for wind speed is a priority for promoting the efficiency of the performance and the economic effectiveness of wind power generation systems. Based on this actual demand, various strategies have been proposed to solve complicated nonlinear forecasting problems like wind speed forecasting. However, the previous models ignore the decisive role of data preprocessing and the limitations of a single model, which is the main reason leading to the inaccurate prediction. Hence, an updated hybrid forecasting system built on a data preprocessing strategy is proposed to effectively predict the wind speed sequence, which includes a data preprocessing module, a multi-objective optimization module, and a forecast module. Data preprocessing contributes to better seizing the traits of the data, a multi-objective optimization algorithm is recommended to optimize the precision and stability of predictions simultaneously, and the different models are combined into a new model for accurate prediction. Moreover, a 10-min wind speed sequence is utilized to affirm the strengths of the hybrid forecasting system, and the empirical studies also affirm that the model proposed has higher exactness and stability over other models.
A growth diagram for chemical beam epitaxy of GaP1−xNx alloys on nominally (001)-oriented GaP-on-Si substrates
Authors: Ben Saddik Karim , García Basilio J. , Fernández-Garrido Sergio
Published: December 2021

The compound GaP1−xNx is highly attractive to pseudomorphically integrate red-light emitting devices and photovoltaic cells with the standard Si technology because it is lattice matched to Si with a direct bandgap energy of ≈1.96 eV for x = 0.021. Here, we report on the chemical beam epitaxy of GaP1−xNx alloys on nominally (001)-oriented GaP-on-Si substrates. The incorporation of N into GaP1−xNx was systematically investigated as a function of growth temperature and the fluxes of the N and P precursors, 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (DMHy) and tertiarybutylphosphine (TBP), respectively. We found that the N mole fraction exhibits an Arrhenius behavior characterized by an activation energy of (0.79 ± 0.05) eV. With respect to the fluxes, we determined that the N mole fraction is linearly proportional to the flux of DMHy and inversely proportional to the one of TBP. All results are summarized in a universal equation that describes the dependence of x on the growth temperature and the fluxes of the group-V precursors. The results are further illustrated in a growth diagram that visualizes the variation of x as the growth temperature and the flux of DMHy are varied. This diagram also shows how to obtain single-phase and flat GaP1−xNx layers, as certain growth conditions result in chemically phase-separated layers with rough surface morphologies. Finally, our results demonstrate the feasibility of chemical beam epitaxy to obtain single-phase and flat GaP1−xNx layers with x up to about 0.04, a value well above the one required for the lattice-matched integration of GaP1−xNx-based devices on Si.
Perspectives of solution epitaxially grown defect tolerant lead-halide-perovskites and lead-chalcogenides
Authors: Afify Hany A. , Sytnyk Mykhailo , Zhou Shuyu , Osvet Andres , Brabec Christoph J. , Korczak Jędrzej , Szczerbakow Andrzej , Story Tomasz , Heiss Wolfgang
Published: December 2021

Lead-chalcogenides and lead-halide-perovskites exhibit similar physical properties, which can be summarized as defect tolerant behavior. While the lead-chalcogenides have been pioneering materials in vapor phase epitaxy, metal-halide-perovskites offer the possibility for epitaxial growth from solutions by techniques such as spin or drop casting. The obtained microstructures show promising optical properties, and in a showcase example of formamidinium-lead-tribromide on lead sulfide, we show first lasing results. These results open up several perspectives for solution epitaxial structures, including electrically pumped quantum devices, demanded not only for lighting but also for quantum information technology, which would be another milestone achievement for metal–halide semiconductors.
Target acoustic field and transducer state optimization using Diff-PAT
Authors: Fushimi Tatsuki , Yamamoto Kenta , Ochiai Yoichi
Published: December 2021

Phased array transducers (PATs) are used in many applications, from airborne ultrasonic tactile displays to acoustic levitation. Acoustic holograms play a significant role in determining the performance of these applications. Many PATs and optimizers have been developed; however, only the following have been demonstrated in the literature: “phase” and “phase and amplitude” control of transducers and “phase” and “amplitude” only control at target points. Thus, most of the combinations of transducer state and target acoustic field conditions are yet to be explored. Here, we explore such combinations using Diff-PAT, one of the latest acoustic hologram optimizers. Diff-PAT is based on automatic differentiation and stochastic gradient descent. This optimizer achieves higher accuracy than conventional optimizers. We formulated multiple loss functions and wave propagators to enable each combination of the operation mode and quantitatively assessed the performance of each combination. The developed optimizers will offer new opportunities in the field and could allow further simplifications in PAT applications.
High concentration propane depletion with photocatalysis
Authors: Piferi C. , Riccardi C.
Published: December 2021

Our work is aimed at studying the abatement of volatile organic compounds produced by photocatalysts working in different light spectra, investigating the best catalyst able to treat propane in air mixtures at high concentrations of the order of thousands of ppm. The experimental data were analyzed in order to extract the relevant parameters and to compare the catalytic activities of three different photocatalysts, TiO2, WO3, and their mixtures. In a reactor box of 1.5 l, photocatalysis processing with TiO2 catalysts gave the best propane depletion of the order of 10% for initial propane concentrations of up to 5000 ppm after 22 min and UV-A lamps with an intensity of 0.4 mW/cm2 while the TiO2 and WO3 catalysts produced an abatement of about 5% after 22 min using UV-C light at an intensity of 5 × 102 mW/cm2.
Investigated coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering in the process of cascaded stimulated Raman scattering in liquid and ice-Ih D2O
Authors: Liu Xiaofeng , Wang Ying , Li Shuang , Fang Wenhui , Gong Nan , Sun Chenglin , Men Zhiwei
Published: December 2021

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) of liquid and ice-Ih D2O was investigated using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser with a wavelength of 532 nm. The high-order Stokes peaks and corresponding anti-Stokes SRS [Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy (CARS)] peaks were obtained. Two symmetric and antisymmetric Raman modes of stretching vibrations were observed in liquid D2O, while only a symmetric stretching vibration mode was observed in ice-Ih D2O. Pure Stokes SRS is always collinear with the pump beam along the axial direction. Some ring-like Stokes SRS and CARS shifts, which originate from four-wave mixing processes, can also be observed only in the forward direction along with different angles meeting the phase-matching criteria, respectively. Simultaneously, the temporal behavior of SRS in liquid and ice-Ih D2O was examined, and the temporal waveforms of the pump laser pulse, transmitted pump pulse, and the forward SRS pulse were measured. In both cases, SRS was the dominant contributor to stimulated scattering. However, the efficiency values drastically decreased due to the self-termination behavior of SRS in liquid D2O, which arose from the thermal self-defocusing of both the pump beam and the SRS beam, owing to the Stokes shift-related opto-heating effect. In contrast, for the SRS process in ice-Ih D2O, the thermal self-defocusing influence was negligible, benefitting from a much greater thermal conductivity and a higher conversion efficiency of SRS generation retained under both of the conditions.