bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing Fuel Savings Performance Function Considering Various
Truck Platooning Configurations
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed , Hassan Hany M.
Published: July 2024

Truck platooning facilitates the operation of trucks in close proximity to one
another, resulting in decreased air resistance and improved fuel efficiency.
While previous research has mostly focused on the effects of intra-distance on
fuel savings, this study aims to develop fuel savings performance functions
considering various truck platooning configurations. This article
comprehensively investigates the influence of different truck platoon
configurations on fuel savings. This analysis focuses on examining the impacts
of several variables including inter-vehicle distance, platoon speed, truck
weight, number of trucks in the platoon, and the truck’s distinctive design
characteristics. Data used in the analysis were collected from 10 different
field experiments. Three machine learning techniques—artificial neural networks
(ANN), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and K-nearest neighbors
(KNN)—alongside the negative binomial regression model were employed. Upon
evaluation, the negative binomial regression model emerged as the most accurate,
boasting a prediction accuracy of 74%. This high-performing model was
subsequently leveraged to derive an equation for estimating fuel savings. The
results indicated that the truck platoon’s size is the most significant factor
affecting fuel efficiency. Specifically, the inclusion of additional trucks in
the platoon leads to substantial fuel savings. Moreover, as the platoon’s speed
increases, there is a noticeable increase in fuel savings. The design of the
truck plays a role: conventional trucks are more fuel efficient than cab-over
trucks. Lastly, the weight of the truck has a minor impact on the platoon’s fuel
efficiency. Overall, it is essential to consider multiple variables when
evaluating truck platoon arrangements for optimal fuel efficiency.
Radar-Based Approach for Side-Slip Gradient Estimation
Authors: Diener Luis , Kalkkuhl Jens , Schirle Thomas
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a novel and robust approach to estimate both the side-slip gradient and the lateral velocity by integrating radar-doppler measurements into a vehicle motion observer. In ego-motion estimation the side-slip gradient is used to model the lateral velocity of the vehicle, since it cannot be measured directly. The algorithm only requires low-dynamic, steady-state excitation and is based on an adaptive Kalman-Filter assuring high accuracy and stability. The number of radar sensors can be chosen arbitrarily. The algorithm has shown to estimate the side-slip gradient within 10% of its true value. It also rejects radar outliers and does not depend on permanent availability of the radar sensors. The approach requires little tuning which makes it applicable to mass-produced vehicles.
Fitting Automotive Quality and Safety Expectations to Free and Open Source Software
Authors: Schlosser Joachim , Kirchmaier Ulrich , Armbruster Michael , Lindner Wolfgang
Published: July 2024

Due to manifold benefits compared to proprietary software solutions, free and open source software (FOSS) in general, and Linux especially becomes more and more relevant for embedded solutions in the automotive domain, especially in High Performance Computing Platforms (HPC). However, taking over liability and warranty for a FOSS-based problem raises the problem of software quality assurance, and thus risk control. In order to control and minimize the residual risk of a product or service, the traditional and well-accepted measure in the automotive domain is to assess the engineering processes and resulting work products via a process assessment model given by the ASPICE maturity model, as well as requirements from functional safety standards for safety related functions. The underlying process reference model of ASPICE covers software development performed and controlled by an organization. However, this situation is not given by and even contrary to the nature of FOSS development, where high quality is achieved based on feedback and contributions of an open community. While typical software quality assurance measures are widespread in community-based software development, a single entity cannot control these. This, along with the huge code base in Linux makes applying the low-level software related processes ASPICE Process Reference Model (PRM) both meaningless and economically infeasible. In this paper, we propose a selection and tailoring of standard ASPICE accompanied with compensation measures, which accounts for the FOSS specifics. This allows to achieve the quality assurance and risk mitigation goals of ASPICE, and consequently an assessment via the ASPICE Process Assessment Model (PAM) as well as functional safety standards. We further provide details on our solutions and strategies to fulfill the key elements of our solution. The solution presented here is one key factor for our EB corbos Linux – built on Ubuntu to provide a production grade Linux distribution suited to the automotive embedded needs, including liability, warranty, and long-term maintenance.
Probabilistically Extended Ontologies: A Basis for Systematic Testing of ML-Based Systems
Authors: Wiesbrock Hans Werner , Grossmann Jürgen
Published: July 2024

Typically, machine learning techniques are used to realise autonomous driving. Be it as part of environment recognition or ultimately when making driving decisions. Machine learning generally involves the use of stochastic methods to provide statistical inference. Failures and wrong decisions are unavoidable due to the statistical nature of machine learning and are often directly related to root causes that cannot be easily eliminated. The quality of these systems is normally indicated by statistical indicators such as accuracy and precision. Providing evidence that accuracy and precision of these systems are sufficient to guarantee a safe operation is key for the acceptance of autonomous driving. Usually, tests and simulations are extensively used to provide this kind of evidence.

However, the basis of all descriptive statistics is a random selection from a probability space. A major challenge in testing or constructing the training and test data set is that this probability space is usually not well defined. To systematically address this shortcoming, ontologies have been and are being developed to capture the various concepts and properties of the operational design domain. They serve as a basis for the specification of appropriate tests in different approaches. However, in order to make statistical statements about the system, information about the realistic frequency of the inferred test cases is still missing. Related to this problem is the proof of completeness and balance of the training data. While an ontology may be able to check the completeness of the training data, it lacks any information to prove its representativeness. In this article, we propose the extension of ontologies to include probabilistic information. This allows to evaluate the completeness and balance of training sets. Moreover, it serves as a basis for a random sampling of test cases, which allows mathematically sound statistical proofs of the quality of the ML system. We demonstrate our approach by extending published ontologies that capture typical scenarios of autonomous driving systems with probabilistic information.
Enhancing BEV Energy Management: Neural Network-Based System Identification for Thermal Control Strategies
Authors: Franke Kai , Hemkemeyer David , Schutzeich Patrick , Schäfers Lukas , Pischinger Stefan
Published: July 2024

Modeling thermal systems in Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) is crucial for enhancing energy efficiency through predictive control strategies, thereby extending vehicle range. A major obstacle in this modeling is the often limited availability of detailed system information. This research introduces a methodology using neural networks for system identification, a powerful technique capable of approximating the physical behavior of thermal systems with minimal data requirements. By employing black-box models, this approach supports the creation of optimization-based control strategies, such as Model Predictive Control (MPC) and Reinforcement Learning-based control (RL). The system identification process is executed using MATLAB Simulink, with virtual training data produced by a Simulink models to establish the method's feasibility. The neural networks utilized for system identification are implemented in MATLAB code. This study conducts a comparative analysis between the white-box models and the generated black-box models, focusing on their predictive accuracy, to highlight the trade-offs and advantages inherent to each modeling approach. The findings from this study suggest that employing neural network-based black-box models can enhance the development of advanced control strategies in BEVs. As a forward-looking perspective, the research outlines a specific approach for the integration of these models into control strategy development. Furthermore, it discusses the potential for methodological enhancements and the application of the system identification process to additional thermal system components, with the overall goal of enhancing energy management in BEVs.
The 3D-CFD Contribution to H
2
Engine Development for CV and Off-Road Application
Authors: Cassone Potenza Magda Elvira , Gaballo Maria Rosaria , Geiler Jan Niklas , Iacobazzi Marino , Cornetti Giovanni , Kulzer Andre Casal
Published: July 2024

The hydrogen engine is one of the promising technologies that enables carbon-neutral mobility, especially in heavy-duty on- or off-road applications. In this paper, a methodological procedure for the design of the combustion system of a hydrogen-fueled, direct injection spark ignited commercial vehicle engine is described.

In a preliminary step, the ability of the commercial 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code AVL FIRE Classic to reproduce the characteristics of the gas jet, introduced into a quiescent environment by a dedicated H2 injector, is established. This is based on two parts: Temporal and numerical discretization sensitivity analyses ensure that the spatial and temporal resolution of the simulations is adequate, and comparisons to a comprehensive set of experiments demonstrate the accuracy of the simulations. The measurements used for this purpose rely on the well-known Schlieren technique and use helium as a safe substitute for H2. They reveal how the jet properties depend on the ratio between injection and ambient pressure and how the jet can attach to the chamber roof or be focused depending on the exact position of the injector within its bore.

The numerical recipe validated using the Schlieren measurements is then adapted for the calculation of the mixture formation in the engine combustion chamber. The investigations encompass variations of the degree of recess within the injector bore, starting with the default flush-mounted configuration, and different piston design concepts. Key performance indicators of the simulations are the interaction between injection and engine charge motion and the development of the mixture homogeneity. Test bench results such as exhaust emissions are correlated to the numerical output provided by the simulations.
Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Piston Geometry on the Performance of a Ducted Fuel Injection Engine
Authors: Shakeel Mohammad Raghib , Liu Xinlei , Nyrenstedt Gustav , Mueller Charles J. , Im Hong
Published: July 2024

Ducted Fuel Injection (DFI) engines have emerged as a promising technology in the pursuit of a clean, efficient, and controllable combustion process. This article aims at elucidating the effect of piston geometry on the engine performance and emissions of a metal DFI engine. Three different types of pistons were investigated and the main piston design features including the piston bowl diameter, piston bowl floor angle, and the injection nozzle angle were examined. To achieve the target, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted coupled to a reduced chemical kinetics mechanism. Extensive validations were performed against the measured data from a conventional diesel engine. To calibrate the soot model, genetic algorithm and machine learning methods were utilized. The simulation results highlight the pivotal role played by piston bowl diameter and fuel injection angle in controlling soot emissions of a DFI engine. An increase in piston bowl diameter increases the room for flame penetration, promoting fuel-air mixing and subsequently reducing soot formation. The study highlights how DFI engines can benefit from piston shapes that are different than those of conventional diesel engines. Optimized piston geometries have been identified that not only minimize soot emissions but also enhance overall engine performance. These findings are crucial in the context of meeting stringent emissions regulations while maintaining or improving fuel economy, a critical objective for engine manufacturers. The proposed optimized piston geometries represent a promising avenue for enhancing the environmental and economic sustainability of DFI engines, paving the way for cleaner and more fuel-efficient engines in the future.
Backed pieces at Sharbithat SHA-10 (Sultanate of Oman)
Authors: Maiorano Maria Pia , Marchand Grégor , Vosges Jérémie , Charpentier Vincent
Published: July 2024

Sharbithat 10 (SHA-10) was discovered in 2017 during the first extensive survey of the northern part of the Dhofar region. Located on a vast mesa surrounded by wadi deltaic branches and abundant sources of flint, SHA-10 is characterized by flint scatters, dwellings, and cairns. Initial test trenches revealed a single period stratification sequence, highlighting a rich marine faunal composition and intense flintknapping activity. The fishing equipment, typical of coastal sites from this period, accompanies a distinctive lithic industry comprising blades, backed pieces, and tanged points. Through the study of technological processes leading to the manufacture of these artefacts, analysis of the points’ morphological variability, and examination of the prevalence of backed bladelets, new hypotheses regarding coastal subsistence strategies and chronological issues have emerged. However, the potential co-occurrence of different facies complicates a chronological definition which can be partly clarified by radiocarbon data results. In this communication, we present a preliminary study of this unique assemblage, discuss its chrono-typological implications, and explore their significance within the framework of South Arabian prehistory.
Simulations for Event-Clock Automata
Authors: Akshay S , Gastin Paul , Govind R , Srivathsan B
Published: July 2024

Event-clock automata (ECA) are a well-known semantic subclass of timed
automata (TA) which enjoy admirable theoretical properties, e.g.,
determinizability, and are practically useful to capture timed specifications.
However, unlike for timed automata, there exist no implementations for checking
non-emptiness of event-clock automata. As ECAs contain special prophecy clocks
that guess and maintain the time to the next occurrence of specific events,
they cannot be seen as a syntactic subclass of TA. Therefore, implementations
for TA cannot be directly used for ECAs, and moreover the translation of an ECA
to a semantically equivalent TA is expensive. Another reason for the lack of
ECA implementations is the difficulty in adapting zone-based algorithms,
critical in the timed automata setting, to the event-clock automata setting.
This difficulty was studied by Geeraerts et al. in 2011, where the authors
proposed a zone enumeration procedure that uses zone extrapolations for
finiteness. In this article, we propose a different zone-based algorithm to
solve the reachability problem for event-clock automata, using simulations for
finiteness. A surprising consequence of our result is that for event-predicting
automata, the subclass of event-clock automata that only use prophecy clocks,
we obtain finiteness even without any simulations. For general event-clock
automata, our new algorithm exploits the G-simulation framework, which is the
coarsest known simulation relation in timed automata literature, and has been
recently used for advances in other extensions of timed automata.
Inovações do processo de estudo em conformidade com os resultados específicos de aprendizagem nos programas de estudo
Authors: Neimane Ilma , Rupeika Rita
Published: July 2024

Na sociedade moderna de informação os estudos são um planeamento dinâmico de atividades educacionais focadas no desenvolvimento de novas ou alteradas capacidades humanas intelectuais e físicas. A importância crescente de informações (procura de informações, processamento, armazenamento, compartilhamento, aplicação) e mobilidade da informação promove mudanças qualitativas no processo de estudo – o currículo atua como uma força motriz que faz com que o indivíduo identifique a necessidade constante em atualizar os conhecimentos e melhorar suas habilidades. As novas instruções na educação têm um impacto significativo na possibilidade da pessoa de constantemente atualizar as suas aptidões e competências ao longo da vida e reentrar no sistema educativo de acordo com suas necessidades. O processo de estudo proporciona ao aluno a autorrealização, começando com o estabelecimento de metas de estudo e objetivos para a avaliação dos resultados obtidos. Já não é o objetivo do processo de estudo dar apenas o conhecimento, mas incentivar os alunos para também serem independentes, críticos e reflexivos no seu trabalho. O artigo analisa as inovações da Universidade da Letónia, focando-se nos resultados esperados nos programas de estudo. O artigo analisa as competências profissionais alcançáveis visadas pelos programas de estudo do curso e os resultados da pesquisa de inquérito aos alunos, na qual os estudantes indicam tanto os momentos de competência profissional positiva na implementação bem- sucedida do processo de estudo como fazem as suas sugestões para melhoria do processo de estudo.
A competitividade em territórios de fronteira: uma análise evolutiva à raia central ibérica
Authors: Santos Natário Maria Manuela
Published: July 2024

A criação do Mercado Único e a consolidação do processo de integração na União Europeia (U.E.) levou à abolição das fronteiras dos Estados Membros, que funcionavam como entrave à livre circulação de pessoas, bens e serviços e capital. Pretendia-se, assim, promover o desenvolvimento das relações com os países vizinhos, reforçar a posição das regiões e consequentemente fomentar a competitividade. Tendo em conta o desejado processo de convergência das regiões no âmbito da U.E. e o quadro teórico relativamente à competitividade, pretende-se neste trabalho analisar se a abertura de fronteiras trouxe ou não ganhos de competitividade para as regiões de fronteira de Portugal e Espanha, bem como se houve redução ou agravamento das assimetrias destas regiões face aos seus países. Decorrente desta hipótese, podemos estudar quais as regiões que ganharam/perderam competitividade com a abertura das fronteiras. O estudo incide sobre as regiões da raia fronteiriça de Portugal e Espanha Raia Central Ibérica de Portugal, que engloba um território composto pelas 5 NUT III fronteiriças, para o período 1988-2007.
Envelhecimento. Um estudo sobre qualidade de vida
Authors: Marques Ermelinda Maria Bernardo Gonçalves
Published: July 2024

O principal objetivo deste trabalho consistiu em conhecer a perceção dos idosos sobre a sua qualidade de vida, bem como identificar e analisar os fatores determinantes da mesma. Decorreu numa Extensão de Saúde do Centro do Saúde da Guarda – ULS da Guarda, tendo sido realizadas entrevistas a 55 idosos. Os idosos tendem a percecionar melhor qualidade de vida nas dimensões relativas à saúde mental, desempenho emocional e função social da Escala SF-36. Percecionaram menor qualidade de vida ao nível das dimensões do desempenho físico, vitalidade e dor corporal. Quanto à mudança de saúde, ou seja, a saúde atual comparativamente com o que acontecia há um ano, verificámos que a tendência foi no sentido de a considerar um pouco pior. Relativamente aos fatores que podem influenciar a qualidade de vida, encontraram-se resultados estatisticamente significativos numa ou mais dimensões da Escala SF-36, relativamente ao género, idade, escolaridade, rendimento, necessidade de apoio, sofrer de doença, nível de independência, depressão e apoio social.
As redes sociais e novas abordagens do marketing
Authors: Denys Vasyl , Mendes Júlio
Published: July 2024

As redes sociais e mídias sociais no geral na internet passaram a integrar a rotina de vida das pessoas. Ocupando grande parte do seu tempo, este novo fenómeno não poderia deixar de interessar aos gestores. Cada vez mais, eles precisam de estar onde estão os clientes. Para muitas empresas modernas, torna-se um desafio incorporar as mídias sociais nas suas estratégias de negócios e nas próprias estratégias de marketing. Os sites das redes sociais constituem grandes oportunidades para atingir os públicos-alvo de uma maneira diferente e, muitas vezes, mais eficiente, na medida em que disfarçam armadilhas perigosas para os que adotam estes novos meios. As empresas concebem, assim, novas práticas de ir ao encontro do seu real valor – os clientes. A comunicação agressiva numa só direção não resulta mais em vendas promissoras. Hoje em dia os clientes querem ser ouvidos pela empresa e interagir com ela. Este artigo debruça-se sobre o conceito de sites de redes sociais, plataformas digitais emergentes para as interações sociais. Discutem-se ainda novos princípios de marketing e os esforços que terão que ser implementados para uma comunicação nas redes sociais, para além de se revelarem novos aspetos do comportamento do consumidor.
Crime in the field of entrepreneurial activity: concept and types
Authors: Зворыкин В.В.
Published: July 2024

В статье рассматриваются понятие и виды преступлений в сфере предпринимательской деятельности. Отмечается, что, несмотря на разработанность данной темы в юридической литературе, она является одной из спорных и противоречивых. Определено, что рассматриваемые преступления являются составной частью группы преступлений в сфере экономической деятельности. Для них характерен свой субъект – физическое и юридическое лицо, осуществляющее законную предпринимательскую деятельность или участвующее в ней. Под преступлениями в сфере предпринимательской деятельности понимаются общественно опасные деяния, посягающие на установленный законодательством порядок самостоятельной, осуществляемой на свой риск деятельности, направленной на систематическое получение прибыли.

The article discusses the concept and types of crimes in the field of entrepreneurial activity. Despite this topic is developed in the legal literature, it is still rather controversial. The author comes to a number of conclusions. Crimes in the field of entrepreneurial activity are an integral part of a group of crimes in the field of economic activity. They are characterized by their own subject – an individual and a legal entity engaged in legitimate business activities or participating in it. Crimes in the field of entrepreneurial activity are understood to be socially dangerous acts that infringe on the procedure established by law for carrying out independent activities aimed at systematically making a profit.
Group disobedience in places of detention and liability for their organization in penal and criminal legislation
Authors: Окшин М.С.
Published: July 2024

В статье анализируется проблема отсутствия в законодательстве уголовной ответственности за организацию групповых неповиновений в местах лишения свободы, подчеркивается их общественная опасность и обосновывается целесообразность криминализации рассматриваемого деяния. Автор указывает на необходимость привлечения к ответственности лиц, осуществляющих склонение или иное вовлечение лица в совершение групповых неповиновений.

The article analyzes the problem of the lack of criminal liability in the legislation for the organization of group disobedience in places of deprivation of liberty, emphasizes their public danger and justifies the expediency of criminalizing the act in question. The author points out the need to bring to justice persons who incite or otherwise involve a person in committing group disobedience.
THE LOAD COEFFICIENT ASSESMENT OF SURFACE RUNOFF POLLUTION FROM RURAL SURFACES
Authors:   University of Belgrade, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Serbia, Govedarica Ognjen , Đukić Aleksandar ,   University of Belgrade, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Serbia, Rajaković-Ognjanović Vladana ,   University of Belgrade, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Serbia
Published: July 2024

Various polluting compounds accumulate on rural surfaces. These compounds get washed off the surface during rainy periods and carried by the surface runoff. Concentrations of quality parameters are constantly changing, which is why the assessment of the value of load coefficient represents a significant challenge. This paper presents the determination of the pollution load coefficient of surface runoff in an experimental rural watershed in southern Serbia. The obtained results and suggestions for improving future research have also been covered.
ICHTYOFAUNA OF THE DANUBE DOWNSTREAM THE HPP „ĐERDAP 2“ IN SERBIA
Authors:   Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, Belgrade, Serbia, Stanković Jelena , Simonović Predrag ,   University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Serbia, Nikolić Vera ,   University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Serbia, Marić Ana ,   University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Serbia, Marinković Nikola ,   Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, Belgrade, Serbia, Mitić Tamara ,   Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, Belgrade, Serbia, Čanak Atlagić Jelena ,   Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, Belgrade, Serbia
Published: July 2024

Ichthyological research conducted in 2019 on the Serbian part of the lower reaches of the Danube, downstream of the "Đerdap 2" dam, at two sampling sites, indicates the presence of 33 species of fish. At the examined localities, 51.5% of the ichthyofauna is under protection, and the community is 75.8% autochthonous. The indices of diversity indicated the more diverse and uniform community at the Radujevac site than the ušće Timok site. Saprobity in both localities was of b-mesosaprobic character, water quality class II was determined. The ecological characterization of the researched localities based on the composition of the community points to communities of the potamon type (Radujevac) and communities of the lower ritron (ušće Timok).
WATER QUALITY OF THE DANUBE BASED ON THE AQUATIC MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES IN THE AREA OF PANČEVAČKE ADE
Authors:   Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, Belgrade, Serbia, Tomović Jelena , Čanak Atlagić Jelena ,   Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, Belgrade, Serbia, Anđus Stefan ,   Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, Belgrade, Serbia, Tubić Bojana ,   Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, Belgrade, Serbia, Vasiljević Božica ,   Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, Belgrade, Serbia, Paunović Momir ,   Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, Belgrade, Serbia, Raković Maja ,   Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, Belgrade, Serbia
Published: July 2024

The research area of Pančevačka Ada represents a protected habitat of the third category. The aim of this work is to determine the biodiversity of the studied area and to assess the water quality based on the macroinvertebrate community. The samples were taken at four sites in 2023. At each site, samples were collected in three to five transects using a benthic dredge from a boat. A total of 61 taxa of aquatic macroinvertebrates from 15 taxonomic groups were recorded in the study area. When analyzing the entire community at the surveyed sites, the greatest diversity was found at the Bela Stena site (32 taxa). Representatives of Gastropoda and Crustacea were the dominant taxonomic groups in the macroinvertebrate community. The water quality parameters ranged from class II to V.
Job Fair: A Vehicle to Build Networks and Bring Workers Together to Reduce Unemployment
Authors: Fadilah Daniar Nurul , Nuryani Esti , Siswoyo Mukarto , Nursahidin Nursahidin
Published: July 2024

The Cirebon Regency Manpower Office has held a job fair program as a step to overcome the problem of unemployment. This study aims to evaluate the job fair program and find out the impact of the implementation of the job fair organized by the Cirebon Regency Manpower Office and whether it has gone well in accordance with the goals that have been set. The evaluation of this program uses criteria developed by William N. Dunn. This study uses a qualitative approach by utilizing primary and secondary data. The data analysis process involves the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions drawn. The results of the study show that the job fair program can be said to be quite successful. This program showed positive results of the six evaluation indicators used: effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, alignment, responsiveness, and accuracy. Although some aspects still need to be improved, the implementation of this program can be considered successful. Overall, it can be concluded that the job market program in Cirebon Regency is an effective step in overcoming the problem of unemployment. By making several improvements, this program has the potential to be more optimal in providing support to the community in finding a job.
Relationship between carotid atherosclerosis and localization of ischemic stroke
Authors: Abdullaiev R.Ya. , Yefimenko А.S. , Sysun L.А. , Yefimenko S.G. , Abdullaiev R.R.
Published: July 2024

Background. Carotid atherosclerosis is the main factor in the development of ischemic stroke. Determining the location and structure of atherosclerotic plaques and the degree of stenosis of the internal carotid artery can help to predict the development of cerebral hemodynamic disorders using a comprehensive ultrasound examination of the carotid arteries. Purpose. To assess the relationship between the nature of atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries and the location of ischemic stroke by means of echography. Materials and methods. In 127 patients (age 37–74 years, average 56±7 years) with ischemic stroke (IS), atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid arteries were visualized, their predominant localization, internal structure and degree of stenosis were determined in two-dimensional and color Doppler modes. Result. Carotid stenosis of >60% was recorded in 23 (18.1±3.4%) patients with rightsided IS and in 38 (30.0±4.1%) patients with left-sided IS (LSIS) (p=0.04). With carotid stenosis more than 60%, the Vica/Vcca index in patients with RSIS was 3.07±0.34, and in patients with LSIS – 3.21±0.45, which was significantly (p=0,01) higher than in stenosis <60%.
The possibilities of echocardiography for detecting cardiotoxic effects of antineoplastic medications
Authors: Smyrnova G.S. , Kozarenko T.M. , Babkina T.M. , Storozhchuk Y.O. , Kundina V.V. , Sakhno T.K. , Kuzevanova M.V.
Published: July 2024

Background. In recent decades, advancements in cancer treatment have resulted in enhanced patient survival rates, yet concurrently, escalated morbidity and mortality due to therapy-induced side effects, with cardiovascular complications (CVC) at the forefront. The risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) during chemotherapy lies in the potentiality of interrupting or discontinuing the treatment of the underlying ailment, thereby diminishing the patient’s prospects of survival. Regrettably, delayed manifestations of cardiotoxic effects subsequent to the completion of anticancer therapy further diminish the patients’ quality of life and escalate mortality rates. Consequently, early diagnosis and timely identification of cardiotoxic effects induced by anticancer drugs have emerged as paramount objectives, shaping a novel domain in medicine termed cardio-oncology. Purpose. Assess the condition and modern ideas of the development of echocardiography in the assessment of cardiac dysfunction in the context of chemotherapy. Materials and Methods. References were analyzed using English-language biomedical databases (MEDLINE (Pubmed), Web of Science (Web of Knowledge) using the following keywords: «cardiotoxicity», «echocardiography», «chemotherapy», «ventricular dysfunction», «anticancer therapy», «risk stratification» for 2019–2024. Results. Cardiotoxicity arising as a consequence of anticancer therapy can manifest in various forms, including left ventricular (LV) myocardial dysfunction, heart failure (HF), pulmonary hypertension, thromboembolic complications, arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, pericardial disease, valvular heart disease, and others. Detecting the subclinical variant of cardiotoxicity, which precedes the onset of HF, is of paramount importance. Presently, echocardiography remains the preferred method for evaluating the structural and functional status of the LV myocardium. However, studies have demonstrated that measuring LV ejection fraction (EF) via transthoracic echocardiography may not effectively detect LV dysfunction in its early stages. In recent years, novel myocardial imaging techniques have emerged for this purpose, with speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional modes showing promise. Соnclusion. The early detection of cardiotoxic effects induced by anticancer drugs emerges as a critical concern in cardiology practice. Evaluation of global myocardial strain derived from two-dimensional LV images provides valuable insights into diagnosing early LV dysfunction, especially in patients undergoing chemotherapy.
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN PERTANIAN PERKOTAAN DI KECAMATAN BANJARSARI KOTA SURAKARTA
Authors: Janah Nurita Miftakhul , Riptanti Erlyna Wida , Rahayu Wiwit
Published: July 2024

Semakin sempitnya lahan pertanian, ketidakmerataan pendapatan, serta stigma pertanian hanya dapat dilakukan di pedesaan akan menimbulkan permasalahan terkait ketahanan pangan. Kecamatan Banjarsari merupakan salah satu kecamatan yang masyarakatnya telah menerapkan pertanian perkotaan dengan membentuk kelompok tani. Terdapat 35 kelompok tani yang tersebar di 11 kelurahan di Kecamatan Banjarsari. Terdapat sembilan kelompok tani yang aktif dan sisanya sebanyak 26 kelompok tani tergolong kurang aktif. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor internal dan eksternal, mengetahui alternatif dan prioritas strategi pengembangan yang dapat diimplementasikan oleh kelompok tani di Kecamatan Banjarsari. Pengambilan data penelitian dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi, dan studi literatur. Analisis dilakukan dengan matriks IFE, EFE, IE, SWOT, dan QSPM. Hasil identifikasi faktor internal menunjukkan terdapat lima faktor kekuatan dan enam faktor kelemahan. Identifikasi faktor eksternal menunjukkan terdapat enam faktor peluang dan dua faktor ancaman. Kekuatan utama yang dimiliki yaitu terdapat berbagai macam inovasi produk olahan  dan kelemahan utamanya yaitu kurangnya keberanian dalam mengambil resiko.  Peluang utama yang dimiliki yaitu adanya bantuan modal dan berbagai macam program pelatihan dari Dinas Pertanian. Ancaman utama yaitu adanya persaingan dengan produk serupa di Kota Surakarta. Hasil analisis matriks IE menunjukkan posisi pertanian perkotaan di Kecamatan Banjarsari berada pada sel IV yaitu grow and build. Strategi yang tepat untuk diterapkan yaitu intensif atau integratif. Matriks SWOT menghasilkan sembilan alternatif strategi pengembangan yang kemudian dianalisis dengan QSPM. Prioritas strategi pengembangan pertanian perkotaan yang dapat diterapkan yaitu memasarkan produk secara online melalui marketplace dan media sosial dengan perolehan skor TAS sebesar 7,154.
KLASIFIKASI KUALITAS HASIL PRODUKSI TAHU PUTIH MENGGUNAKAN METODE CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: Rahmadani Irwan , Muqimuddin Muqimuddin , Hertadi Christopher Davito Prabandewa , Nugroho Bowo
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini mengembangkan sebuah model Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) untuk melakukan klasifikasi kategori mutu tahu berdasarkan citra digital dan menentukan grid produk tahu berdasarkan kategori mutunya. Tahapan penelitian ini meliputi pengambilan sampel data, pelabelan data, preprocessing citra, pembuatan model CNN, training model CNN, evaluasi model CNN dan visualisasi kategorisasi. Sampel data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 600 citra tahu yang terbagi menjadi tiga kategori mutu, yaitu mutu A, B, dan C. Peneliti menggunakan metode pembaharuan stokastik (Stochastic Gradient Descent) dengan learning rate 0.001, dan fungsi aktivasi ReLU. Hasil pengembangan menunjukkan bahwa model kedua keseluruhan bentuk memiliki tingkat performansi dan validasi akurasi yang lebih tinggi sebesar 100 % dibandingkan dengan model pertama tampak permukaan sebesar 77%. Model kedua  memiliki arsitektur yang lebih kompleks dan lebih sesuai dengan karakteristik deteksi keseluruhan bentuk pada tahu. Dengan pengembangan model CNN ini, diharapkan industri tahu dapat meningkatkan efisiensi dalam penentuan kualitas tahu dan harga jual yang sesuai. Implementasi teknologi ini memungkinkan kategorisasi mutu tahu yang akurat dan objektif berdasarkan citra digital, yang dapat mengurangi ketergantungan pada penilaian manual.
EFEKTIFITAS PEMANFAATAN MATERIAL TERBUANG FLY ASH KOMPOSISI BAHAN TAMBAH PENGIKAT BATA BETON
Authors: Syahrul Syahrul , Amir Amir
Published: July 2024

Pemanfaatan fly ash sebagai material hasil sampingan industri menjadi fenomena yang berkembang dan memiliki potensi menjadi bahan tambah pengikat campuran beton dan sejenisnya seperti pasta, mortar, hasil sampingan industri merupakan limbah padat yang tidak dipakai lagi dan berasal dari hasil proses pengolahan, dan meningkatnya infrastruktur maka keperluan material konstruksi akan meningkat, tentunya akan berbading lurus dengan potensi pencemaran dan kerusakan lingkungan. Penambahan material terbuang dalam komposisi campuran bahan konstruksi tentu memiliki jumlah volume terukur, dan perlu dianalisa jumlah volume yang diperlukan dalam komposisi tersebut. komposisi campuran sangat dipengaruhi karakteristik material sehingga perlu pengujian melalui mekanisme laboratorium dengan cakupan pengujian berat jenis, berat isi, kadar lumpur dan lempung, hingga analisa komposisi jumlah bahan yaitu semen, pasir, fly ash, dan air, adapun analisa komposisi jumlah bahan menggunakan perbandingan berat. Guna mengetahui kinerja bata beton dengan bahan tambah pengikat fly ash maka dibuat variasi bata beton dengan komposisi 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% dan 20%, adapun umur rencana 3 hari, 14 hari, dan 28 hari dengan jumlah 45 sampel. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui efektifitas pemanfaatan bahan tambah pengikat pada campuran, dengan membuat sampel sesuai standarisasi pembuatan bata beton dan parameter uji kekuatan tekan dan lebih utama yaitu memberi manfaat untuk mengurangi dampak terhadap tingginya produksi semen yang menghasilkan kerusakan lingkungan seperti debu, kebisingan, asap, krisis air, kerusakan tanah, udara, serta iklim.
MENGUKUR KINERJA DAN RIANALISIS KELAYAKAN INVESTASI PENGADAAN 1(SATU) UNIT TRUCK MOUNTED CRANE KAPASITAS 10 TON DI PABRIK PEMURNIAN MINYAK BUMI SIKO KEUANGAN
Authors: Hendra Mochan Putra , Pradana Rizka Andika , Masulili Alwan Naufal , Soeroto Wisudanto Mas
Published: July 2024

Proses perawatan (maintenance) dan operasional di pabrik pemurnian minyak bumi sangat berhubungan dengan material dan perlatan kerja dengan dimensi besar and bobot yang berat.  Truck Mounted Crane (TMC) merupakan salah satu alat yang penting dalam kegiatan pemindahan barang dengan dimensi besar and bobot yang berat. Untuk saat ini pabrik pemurnian minyak bumi di daerah Sei Pakning masih menggunakan jasa sewa untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan TMC tersebut. Berdasarkan kebutuhan yang ada, pabrik pemurnian minyak bumi tersebut mencoba mempertimbangkan terkait pengadaan TMC melalui anggaran capital expenditure. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan analisis kelayakan investasi terhadap pengadaan 1 (satu) unit TMC kapasitas 10 ton di pabrik pemurnian minyak bumi di daerah Sei Pakning. Metode evaluasi yang digunakan meliputi Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Payback Period, dan Profitability Index (PI). Diharapkan hasil evaluasi ini akan memberikan pandangan yang komprehensif tentang kelayakan investasi secara finansial. Implikasi dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat membantu Manajer pabrik dalam pengambilan keputusan kelayakan untuk investasi yang tepat dalam upaya menurunkan angggaran operational expenditure. Data yang digunakan mencakup biaya investasi awal, biaya operasional, aliran kas masuk dari penggunaan TMC sewa, dan aliran kas keluar dari biaya perawatan dan perbaikan. Dari hasil analisis kelayakan investasi proyek pengadaan 1 (satu) unit  Truck Mounted Crane dengan kapasitas 10 ton dengan nilai investasi sebesar Rp 3.200.000.000,- dan umur daya guna/manfaat selama 10 dengan niai diskonto 11,03% menunjukan bahwa proyek layak untuk dilaksanakan.
Oswald Spengler’s theory of nation in the context of discussions at the turn of XIX–XX centuries
Authors: Панченко А.Б.
Published: July 2024

Традиционно взгляды Освальда Шпенглера рассматриваются с позиции того, что он был одним из основоположников цивилизационного подхода, тогда как созданная им теория нации до сих пор не была в полной мере изучена. При этом оригинальность взглядов Шпенглера может быть понята только в контексте тех дискуссий, которые шли в современной ему научной и общественно-политической сферах. Наиболее разработанным этот вопрос был в рамках социал-демократической методологии, хотя среди авторов и здесь не было единства. Шпенглер в своих построениях попытался соединить расу, язык, культуру и нацию, однако давал им собственные оригинальные определения, не имевшие аналогов в трудах современников. В результате им было сформулировано понимание нации как порождения культуры, отражения расы и языка. Под расой понималось видимое проявление культуры, связанное с определенным пространством, язык же выступал как средство соединения сообщества во времени. В отличие от современников он считал нацию меньшинством внутри народа, причем это никак не связано с социально-экономическими формациями. В дальнейшем эти теоретические построения легли в основу практических рекомендаций, которые Шпенглер пытался давать в своих публицистических произведениях.

Traditionally, the views of Oswald Spengler are considered from the position that he was one of the founders of the civilizational approach, while the theory of nation created by him has not been fully studied so far. At the same time, the originality of Spengler’s views can be understood only in the context of those discussions that took place in the scientific and socio-political spheres contemporary to him. This issue was most developed within the framework of social-democratic methodology, although there was no unanimity among the authors even here. Spengler tried to connect race, language, culture and nation in his constructions, but gave them his own original definitions, which had no analogues in the works of his contemporaries. As a result, he formulated the understanding of nation as a creation of culture, a reflection of race and language. Race was understood as a visible manifestation of culture, associated with a certain space, while language acted as a means of connecting the community in time. Unlike his contemporaries, he considered the nation to be a minority within the people, and this was not related to socio-economic formations. Later these theoretical constructions formed the basis of practical recommendations, which Spengler tried to give in his publicistic works.
How Do the TWO STAY TWO STRAY and Motivation Model Learning Affect Civic Education Result?
Authors: Sinaga Risna , Br. Perangin-angin Reh Bungana , Simaremare Aman Simaremare
Published: July 2024

The teacher-centered approach has led students to feel bored and uninterested in the taught material. By choosing an appropriate learning model, it is hoped that a better understanding and interest in students will emerge, fostering a deep learning motivation. In this study, the chosen learning models were Two Stay Two Stray and Inquiry. The objectives of this research were: 1) to determine the difference in Civic Education learning outcomes between student groups taught with the Two Stay Two Stray and Inquiry learning models, 2) to examine the difference in Civic Education learning outcomes between student groups with high and low learning motivation, and 3) to investigate the interaction between the learning model and learning motivation in influencing Civic Education learning outcomes. The research was conducted at SDN 091713 Amborokan, involving fourth-grade students as the research sample. The research method employed was experimental research, utilizing a 2x2 factorial design. There were two classes involved in the study: an experimental class (IV-A) and a control class (IV-B). Data collected included Civic Education learning outcomes and student motivation data. The results of the research indicated that: 1. the learning strategy significantly influenced Civic Education learning outcomes with an F value of 58.775, 2. learning motivation significantly influenced Civic Education learning outcomes with an F value of 92.04, and 3. there was an interaction between the learning strategy and learning motivation significantly affecting Civic Education learning outcomes with an F value of 4.09. This study concludes that the selection of an appropriate learning model positively influences learning outcomes and motivation in students. It is recommended that teachers, as facilitators, should be capable of choosing suitable teaching methods to create an effective learning environment.
Abstracting the Architecture Design System to Create New Applications
Authors: Naik Arjun Sudhanva ,   Tech Lead, Commercial Advantage First Citizens Bank Virginia, USA
Published: July 2024

In software engineering, application design and architecture play an important function of their improvement, maintenance and scalability. This paper explores the idea of ​​abstracting architectural design approaches to facilitate the advent of latest packages. By decoupling structure from unique application contexts, builders have the ability to test new technologies, adapt to evolving wishes, and scale their programs. Finally, this paper recommends to adopt abstract architecture design systems as a method for software improvement. By offering a based framework for constructing new packages, the abstraction of architectural design structures empowers developers to innovate, iterate and optimize in a dynamic business surroundings, and truly fosters a tradition of continuous improvement and excellence in the application development exercise.
Spatial Ability of Students in Solving Unit Cube Problem
Authors: Suwito Abi ,   Department of Mathematics Education, University of Jember, St. Kalimantan, Jember, Indonesia, Sunardi Sunardi ,   Department of Mathematics Education, University of Jember, St. Kalimantan, Jember, Indonesia
Published: July 2024

This study aims to expose the ability of high school students in solving field problems three. The intended third field is the cube. This article uses a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews was conducted for 4 weeks. Data collection techniques in this study consisted of observation, interviews, tests and documentation. The interview guidelines and test in the form of planes three which aim to determine visual spatial abilities have been validated by 2 experts in the fields of mathematics and mathematics education. The research subjects were 11th grade students majoring in Science at SMAN 3 Blitar who had taken subject matter in Planes three. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that in solving the cube problem in accordance with the spatial abilities of the subject there are several stages: the observation of the image, imagining, relating to the term from other concepts and solving the problem.