bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Field Dynamics and Varying Plasma Emission in Large-scale Coronal Loops
Authors: Şahin S. , Yurchyshyn V. , Kumar P. , Kilcik A. , Ahn K. , Yang X.
Published: March 2019

In this study we report detailed observations of magnetic environment at four footpoints of two warm coronal loops observed on 2016 May 5 in NOAA AR 12542 (Loop I) and 2015 December 17 in NOAA AR 12470 (Loop II). These loops were connecting a plage region with sunspot periphery (Loop I) and a sunspot umbra (Loop II). We used Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) and Goode Solar Telescope (GST) data to describe the phenomenon and understand its causes. The study indicates loop brightening episodes were associated with magnetic flux emergence and cancellation processes observed in SDO’s Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager and GST’s Near InfraRed Imaging Spectrapolarimeter data. The observed activity was driven by magnetic reconnection between small-scale emerging dipoles and large-scale pre-existing fields, suggesting that the reconnection occurred in the lower chromosphere at the edge of an extended plage region, where the loops were rooted. We suggest that plasma, evaporated during these reconnection events, gradually filled the loops and as it cooled the visible density front propagated from one footpoint of the loop to another at a rate of 90–110 km s−1. This study also indicates that at least some of the bright loops seen in SDO Atmospheric Imaging Assembly images rooted in sunspot umbra may be heated due to magnetic activity taking place at the remote (nonsunspot) footpoint.
Star Formation Stochasticity Measured from the Distribution of Burst Indicators
Authors: Broussard Adam , Gawiser Eric , Iyer Karthiek , Kurczynski Peter , Somerville Rachel S. , Davé Romeel , Finkelstein Steve , Jung Intae , Pacifici Camilla
Published: March 2019

One of the key questions in understanding galaxy formation and evolution is how starbursts affect the assembly of stellar populations in galaxies over time. We define a burst indicator (η) that compares a galaxy’s star formation rates (SFRs) on short (∼10 Myr) and long (∼100 Myr) timescales. To estimate η, we apply the detailed time-luminosity relationship for Hα and near-ultraviolet emission to simulated star formation histories (SFHs) from semi-analytic models and the Mufasa hydrodynamical cosmological simulations. The average of η is not a good indicator of star formation stochasticity (burstiness); indeed, we show that this average should be close to zero unless the galaxy population has an average SFH that is rising or falling rapidly. Instead, the width of the η distribution characterizes the burstiness of a galaxy population’s recent star formation. We find this width to be robust to variations in stellar initial mass function and metallicity. We apply realistic noise and selection effects to the models to generate mock Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and James Webb Space Telescope (JW
ST) galaxy catalogs and compare these catalogs with 3D-HST observations of 956 galaxies at 0.65 < z < 1.5 detected in Hα. Measurements of η are unaffected by dust measurement errors under the assumption that E(B − V)stars = 0.44 E(B − V)gas (i.e., Q
sg = 0.44). However, setting

removes an unexpected dependence of the average value of η upon dust attenuation and stellar mass in the 3D-HST sample while also resolving disagreements in the distribution of SFRs. However, even varying the dust law cannot resolve all discrepancies between the simulated and the observed galaxies.
Predicting the X-Ray Spectra of Stellar-mass Black Holes from Simulations
Authors: Kinch Brooks E. , Schnittman Jeremy D. , Kallman Timothy R. , Krolik Julian H.
Published: March 2019

We describe results from a new technique for the prediction of complete, self-consistent X-ray spectra from three-dimensional general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations of black hole accretion flows. Density and cooling rate data from a harm3d GRMHD simulation are post-processed by an improved version of the Monte Carlo radiation transport code pandurata (in the corona) and the Feautrier solver ptransx (in the disk), with xstar subroutines. The codes are run in a sequential, iterative fashion to achieve globally energy-conserving and self-consistent radiation fields, temperature maps, and photoionization equilibria. The output is the X-ray spectrum as seen by a distant observer, including features, such as the Fe Kα emission line and corresponding K-edge absorption trough, due to disk reprocessing of coronal power. For the example cases we consider—a non-rotating 10 M
⊙ black hole with solar abundances, accreting at 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, or 0.3 Eddington—we find spectra resembling actual observations of stellar-mass black holes in the soft or steep power-law state: broad thermal peaks (at 1–3 keV), steep power laws extending to high energy (Γ = 2.7–4.5), and prominent, asymmetric Fe Kα emission lines with equivalent widths in the range 40–400 eV (larger EW at lower accretion rates). By starting with simulation data, we obviate the need for parameterized descriptions of the accretion flow geometry—no a priori specification of the corona’s shape or flux, or the disk temperature or density, etc., is needed. Instead, we apply the relevant physical principles to simulation output using appropriate numerical techniques; this procedure allows us to calculate inclination-dependent spectra after choosing only a small number of physically meaningful parameters: black hole mass and spin, accretion rate, and elemental abundances.
Magnetic Field of the Eclipsing M-dwarf Binary YY Gem
Authors: Kochukhov Oleg , Shulyak Denis
Published: March 2019

YY Gem is a short-period eclipsing binary system containing two nearly identical, rapidly rotating, very active early M dwarfs. This binary represents an important benchmark system for calibrating empirical relations between fundamental properties of low-mass stars and for testing theories of interior structure and evolution of these objects. Both components of YY Gem exhibit inflated radii, which has been attributed to poorly understood magnetic activity effects. Despite a long history of magnetic activity studies of this system, no direct magnetic field measurements have been made for it. Here we present a comprehensive characterization of the surface magnetic field in both components of YY Gem. We reconstructed the global field topologies with the help of a tomographic inversion technique applied to high-resolution spectropolarimetric data. This analysis revealed moderately complex global fields with a typical strength of 200–300 G and anti-aligned dipolar components. A complementary Zeeman intensification analysis of the disentangled intensity spectra showed that the total mean field strength reaches 3.2–3.4 kG in both components of YY Gem. We used these results together with other recent magnetic field measurements of M dwarfs to investigate the relation between the global and small-scale fields in these stars. We also assessed predictions of competing magnetoconvection interior structure models developed for YY Gem, finding that only one of them anticipated the surface field strength compatible with our observations. Results of our starspot mapping of YY Gem do not support the alternative family of theoretical stellar models, which attempts to explain the radius inflation by postulating a large spot filling factor.
Stream benthic macroinvertebrates abundances over a 6-year monitoring period of an Italian glacier-fed stream
Authors: Scotti Alberto , Tappeiner Ulrike , Bottarin Roberta
Published: March 2019

Aquatic macroinvertebrates are widely used as bioindicators for water quality assessments involving different kinds of disruptive factors, such as hydrological regime variations or pollutant spills. Recently, they demonstrated to be effective in monitoring effects of climate change in alpine stream and rivers. Indeed, since the distribution of macroinvertebrates in glacier-fed streams has been succesfully investigated and described by several authors, the discrepancy in presence/absence and quantity of specific taxa from the established models may represent an early warning of the effects of climatic changes occurring in alpine riverine ecosystems.

Together with the present paper, we provide a dataset covering a period of 6 years (2010-2015) sampling of aquatic macroinvertebrates along a longitudinal transect of a glacier-fed stream located in the Italian Alps, inside the International Long Term Ecological Research (ILTER) macrosite of Matsch|Mazia (IT-25). Data were collected during the glacial melt period (April - September), with monthly resolution. Owing to the unique temporal resolution of the dataset, we aim to produce a reliable tool (i.e. reference point) for future ecological assessment on the same stream, but also to similar streams worldwide.
A new dwarf chameleon, genus Brookesia, from the Marojejy massif in northern Madagascar
Authors: Scherz Mark D. , Köhler Jörn , Rakotoarison Andolalao , Glaw Frank , Vences Miguel
Published: March 2019

We describe a new species of dwarf chameleon from theBrookesiaminimaspecies group.Brookesiatedisp. n.occurs above 1300 m above sea level on the Marojejy massif in northeastern Madagascar. It is genetically sister toB.peyrierasi, a species occurring in lowlands around the Baie de Antongil, but is genetically strongly divergent from that species in both nuclear (c-mos) and mitochondrial (16S, ND2) genes, and morphologically in its smaller size and distinctly different hemipenis. It is the second species of theB.minimaspecies group from Marojejy National Park, but is not known to occur in syntopy with the other species,B.karchei, due to elevational segregation.
Effect of protein and carbohydrate feed concentrations on the growth and composition of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae
Authors: Beniers J.J.A. , Graham R.I.
Published: March 2019

Black soldier flies (Hermetia illucens) can be used for a wide range of applications, from screening their anti-microbial properties, entomophagy through to waste management. Although the use of black soldier flies for these purposes has been widely studied, mass-rearing black soldier flies is still in the preliminary phase. This study focussed on the nutritional composition of black soldier fly larvae over the course of their life history, and the impact of manipulating dietary protein and carbohydrate on the growth and composition (protein and fat) of the larvae. Larvae were collected every 24 h over the course of this life-stage to test for differences in composition. To test the effect of dietary protein and carbohydrate differences, larvae were fed 25 diets with varying concentrations of protein and carbohydrates. Overall, the composition of larvae changed very little over their life history, with the higher concentration of protein mostly observed in the earlier instars of the larvae. The pre-pupal stage reduced the fresh and dry weight of the larvae, whereas the ash concentration was very stable throughout their life history. Both dietary protein and dietary carbohydrate had a significant effect on the fresh and dry weight of the larvae, but dietary protein was a stronger indicator of larval fresh and dry weight than dietary carbohydrate. Larval composition was also influenced by the feed-type, with heavier larvae producing significantly more fat than the lighter ones.
Main hydrological features and recharge analysis of the Caposele Spring catchment, southern Italy
Authors: Fiorillo Francesco , Pagnozzi Mauro , Stevanović Zoran , Ventafridda Gerardo
Published: March 2019

Main hydrological features and recharge analysis of the Caposele Spring catchment, southern ItalyThe Caposele spring supplies with water the Puglia region (southern Italy) since the beginning of the twentieth century by a wide and long (about 400 km) gravity-aqueduct system. Systematic spring discharge measurements exist since 1920. The annual mean discharge of spring is about 4 m3/sec, the spring catchment of the of Mt. Cervialto karst massif is estimated on more than 100 km2. The spring regime is characterised by absence of abrupt peaks in the hydrographs; the flood period occurs in spring-summer time, and the minimum during the autumn-winter time. Thus, the regime is almost opposite that of rainfall which allows a convenient management of the source. The historical data have shown that spring discharge depends also on the hydrological conditions of the previous year because the ‘‘memory effect” of aquifer. The recharge processes have been evaluated using a daily scale recharge model, calibrated on long term annual scale. The results allow to estimate the inertial behaviour of the aquifer, by the difference of recharged and discharged water volume during a hydrological year: after a wet year, an amount of water volume is retained into the aquifer and constitutes the surplus volume stored; after a dry year, the aquifer discharges a water volume higher than the recharged volume (a deficit in storage).Key words: karst aquifer, recharge model, spring discharge, storage, southern Italy.Glavne hidrološke značilnosti in analiza napajanja zaledja izvira Caposele, južna ItalijaIzvir Caposele je od začetka 20. stoletja glavni vodni vir Apulije (južna Italija). Voda je od izvira do mest gravitacijsko speljana po približno 400 km dolgem akvaduktu. Sistematične meritve pretoka potekajo od leta 1920, povprečni pretok izvira je 4 m3/s, območje napajanja je kraški masiv gore Cervialto s površino preko 100 km2. Značilnosti izvira so odsotnost izrazitih vrhov v pretočnem hidrogramu, visok pretok v pomladansko-poletnem času in nizek pretok v jesensko-zimskem obdobju. Režim pretoka izvira je skoraj obraten od padavin, kar omogoča preprosto upravljanje vodnega vira. Zgodovinski podatki kažejo, da je pretok odvisen od hidroloških razmer v predhodnem letu, kar je posledica velikega »spominskega učinka« vodonosnika. Napajanje sistema smo ocenili na podlagi dnevnega modela napajanja, umerjenega na dolgoročno letno obdobje. Z razliko med napajanjem in odtokom v hidrološkem letu, smo ocenili inercijsko obnašanja vodonosnika. Izkaže se, da se v letu z veliko padavinami presežek napajanja skladišči v vodonosniku, v suhem letu pa je volumen odtoka večji od volumna odtoka.Ključne besede: kraški vodonosnik, model napajanja, pretok izvira, skladiščenje, južna Italija.
Monte Lago polje, a case study regarding the influence of geologic structure and degree of karstfication on groundwater drainage in the Central Apennines (Italy)
Authors: Galdenzi Sandro
Published: March 2019

Research on the cave and karst water in the area of Monte Lago polje (Central Apennines) has revealed an articulate drainage pathway, influenced by the karstfication degree and geological setting. A fast drainage occurs from the ponor in the polje to the main temporary resurgence in the valley of San Giovanni, impeding the karst water in achieving thermal equilibrium with the rock. The water temperature in the resurgence decreases to very low values (~3 °C) during the winter, and the daily thermal cycles are clearly recognizable. These inputs of vadose water from the ponor have only a minor influence on the chemo-physical characteristics of San Giovanni spring, the largest emergence in the area, located a few hundred meters downstream in the same valley and fed by the main basal aquifer. The two nearby springs are recharged by different hydrostructures divided by low permeability levels in the Jurassic carbonate succession. This reduces the cross-formational communication mainly for the descending vadose fluxes. The fast drainage of karst water in the transfer vadose zone is due to a high karstfication, confirmed by the typology and distribution of the karst caves. A more regular discharge in the springs fed by the basal aquifer is probably related to a minor karstfication in the lower part of the limestone massifs.Key words: Monte Lago, Central Apennines, Karst, Groundwater monitoring.Kraško polje Monte Lago, študija vpliva geološke zgradbe in stopnje zakraselosti na tok podzemne vode v Centralnih Apeninih (Italija)Raziskave jam in kraške vode na območju kraškega polja Monte Lago (Centralni Apenini) so razkrile obstoj drenažne mreže, na katero vplivata stopnja zakraselosti in geološka zgradba. Med ponorom na polju in glavnim občasnim izvirom v dolini San Giovanni se pojavlja hiter tok, ki preprečuje uravnoteženje temperature vode s temperaturo kamnine. Pozimi ima voda v izviru zelo nizko temperaturo (~3 °C), jasno so vidni dnevni temperaturni cikli. Ti dotoki vadozne vode iz ponora imajo le majhen vpliv na fizikalno-kemijske značilnosti izvira San Giovanni, največjega izvira na tem območju, ki je lociran nekaj sto metrov dolvodno v isti dolini in se napaja iz glavnega spodnjega vodonosnika. Dva sosednja izvira se napajata iz različnih hidrostruktur, ločenih s plastmi slabše prepustnosti v jurskem karbonatnem zaporedju. To zmanjšuje prehajanje predvsem navzdol tekočih vadoznih vod skozi formacije. Hitro pretakanje kraške vode v vadozni coni je posledica dobre zakraselosti, ki jo potrjujeta tipologija in razpored kraških jam. Bolj enakomeren pretok izvirov, ki se napajajo iz spodnjega vodonosnika, je verjetno povezan z manjšo zakraselostjo v spodnjem delu apnenčastega masiva.Ključne besede: Monte Lago, Centralni Apenini, kras, monitoring podzemne vode.
Karren above Custonaci (Sicily, Italy)
Authors: Knez Martin , Ruggieri Rosario , Slabe Tadej
Published: March 2019

The extremely interesting karst of the Capo San Vito area in western Sicily displays the majority of the distinct characteristics of the three-dimensional landscape: karst surfaces, caves, unique water trickling systems, and maritime development (Ruggieri, 2009, 2015). By the sea as well as higher in the hinterland, the surface is mostly karren-like. This part of the planned study of the formation of the entire rock surface of this karst presents the results of studying the slope karren above Custonaci. They reveal the development of karren from subsoil karren and the characteristic formation of the karst surface in this area and on this rock.Keywords: karren, lithology, rock relief, Sicily, ItalyŠkraplje nad Custonacijem (Sicilija, Italija)Nadvse zanimiv kras področja Capo San Vito na zahodu Sicilije ponuja večino izrazitih značilnosti trirazsežne pokrajine, kraško površje, jame in svojevrstno pretakanje vode ter obmorski razvoj (Ruggieri 2009, 2015). Površje je večinoma škrapljasto, tako ob morju kot v višjem zaledju. Tokrat so pri načrtovani proučitvi oblikovanja celotnega skalnega površja tega krasa predstavljeni izsledki proučevanja pobočnih škrapelj nad Custonacijem. Razkrivajo razvoj škrapelj iz podtalnih škrapelj in značilno oblikovanje kraškega površja v tem okolju in kamnini.Ključne besede: škraplje, litologija, skalni relief, Sicilija, Italija.
L’empire du réseau parallèle : le numérique en chine
Authors: Azémard Ghislaine , Quiniou Matthieu
Published: March 2019

Entre recherche d’autarcie pour les services numériques et renforcement de la place des industries chinoises du hardware dans le marché mondial, l’État chinois n’est pas prêt à se fondre dans une mondialisation sociale et culturelle, mais souhaite profiter à plein de la mondialisation commerciale.
Développement rural en Afrique tropicale et diffusion du numérique, une approche géographique
Authors: Bart Françoise , Lesourd Michel
Published: March 2019

Ce texte a pour objectif de montrer l’importance des TIC (numérique) pour le développement rural en Afrique. Il développe quelques exemples, en particulier au Rwanda, au Cap Vert et en Tanzanie ; il insiste à la fois sur les grandes potentialités et sur les laissés pour compte de la société de l’information.
Les technologies numériques dans les pays en développement. Quel paradigme ?
Authors: Dahmani Ahmed
Published: March 2019

Les technologies numériques constituent l’innovation majeure de ces dernières décennies et le principal vecteur de la nouvelle révolution industrielle dans les pays développés. Ces technologies ont radicalement transformé les modes de vie, les façons de produire, les rapports au temps et à l’espace, l’environnement culturel. Quid alors des pays en développement, notamment africains, où ces technologies connaissent une progression fulgurante. Quels sont leurs différents impacts dans ces pays où leur progression dépasse toutes les prévisions. Comment les différents usages et les capacités d’appropriation manifestés par les sociétés africaines nous interpellent pour réfléchir à un nouveau paradigme qui tienne compte de toutes les mutations et changements socioéconomiques et culturels que ces technologies provoquent ?
Audiovisual and media literacy to promote local cultures
Authors: Teixeira César Viana
Published: March 2019

“Mostra Goiás” is a postdoctoral research and extension program carried out at the Contemporary Advanced Culture Program at Federal University of Rio de Janeiro and LAICOM/Autonomous University of Barcelona and developed at the Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás (Brazil). The program deals on how audiovisual language can be used to promote local cultures by creating historical registers connected to the venues of online networked systems. This media literacy project presents Goiás State’s culture via mobile video reports done by students of Journalism, Archeology and community pupils. There are 87 short documentaries recorded on mobile phones shown on cinema and statewide TV as a pedagogical experience. Moreover then training audiovisual techniques, the students try information systems developed by online platforms and mobile applications. The authors of the videos had no previous experience in broadcasting any material in established media. By sharing fundamental processes and protocols, they can organize, produce and present media work.
Le numérique, pour coopérer en formation à distance
Authors: Racette Nicole , Bourdages-Sylvain Marie-Pierre
Published: March 2019

Dans une recherche menée dans quatre établissements d’enseignement, nous abordons la question suivante : comment le numérique contribue- t-il ou limite-t-il la coopération entre les équipes de conception et les équipes d’encadrement ? À partir de 44 entrevues individuelles et 8 entrevues de groupes, les résultats montrent que ces équipes, éloignées physiquement, se rencontrent très peu et utilisent majoritairement le courriel pour communiquer, outil que nous considérons permettre surtout le transfert des connaissances plutôt que les échanges, et ce, à partir des caractéristiques rapportées par les répondants. Ainsi, lorsque les courriels sont utilisés pour échanger, ils sont susceptibles d’engendrer des dysfonctionnements dans les relations. Les outils d’échange (forums, visioconférences, etc.) sont très peu utilisés. L’emploi des outils de développement des connaissances (logiciels de formation, etc.) est fortement souhaité par les tuteurs répondants, bien que ces derniers réclament surtout des rencontres en face à face pour créer d’abord une relation, afin de permettre de mieux coopérer et améliorer ainsi la qualité de leur travail.
Créativité numérique en période de conflit : le cas vénézuélien
Authors: Debos Franck , Lancini Maria Daniella
Published: March 2019

Avec l’exemple du printemps arabe et de ses multiples soubresauts (en Égypte, en Tunisie, etc.), mais également d’autres types de conflits (Kenya, Inde, Indonésie), nous avons constaté que les réseaux sociaux pouvaient avoir un rôle très important en termes de contre-pouvoir, dont la force de frappe était avant tout due au poids des mots, des images et vidéos diffusés. En effet, alors que les réseaux sociaux sont considérés à juste titre comme des vecteurs incontournables en communication des organisations, ils sont également aussi importants en termes d’outils de débat public au service d’une démocratie plus participative. En quelques années seulement, ces réseaux sont devenus le terrain de prédilection de la contestation populaire.Notre réflexion sera illustrée par les évènements socio politiques récents au Venezuela qui ont mis de nouveau en exergue l’importance des réseaux sociaux sur plusieurs plans :En tant que lieu d’expression non- censuré, où toutes les opinions peuvent être représentées et échangées et dans lequel les mouvements d’opposition au gouvernement en place ont trouvé un refuge où ils peuvent s’exprimer.En tant que support logistique et communicationnel à partir duquel les manifestations peuvent être préparées à l’avance. Indépendamment de ces éléments qui se répètent lors de ce type d’évènements, l’utilisation des réseaux sociaux, notamment Twitter par les opposants au régime vénézuélien a été marquée par une forte créativité notamment sous l’angle de l’humour satirique à travers des dessins, des montages photographiques et des vidéos caricaturant des évènements, des situations, des membres du gouvernement ou autres protagonistes « Pro-Maduro ». Il convient par ailleurs de préciser que l’humour et spécifiquement la dérision sont une composante importante de l’identité (ou des identités) vénézuélienne.
Social Robots for Pedagogical Rehabilitation
Authors: Kaburlasos Vassilis G. , Vrochidou Eleni
Published: March 2019

The use of robots as educational learning tools is quite extensive worldwide, yet it is rather limited in special education. In particular, the use of robots in the field of special education is under skepticism since robots are frequently believed to be expensive with limited capacity. The latter may change with the advent of social robots, which can be used in special education as affordable tools for delivering sophisticated stimuli to children with learning difficulties also due to preexisting conditions. Pilot studies occasionally demonstrate the effectiveness of social robots in specific domains. This chapter overviews the engagement of social robots in special education including the authors' preliminary work in this field; moreover, it discusses their proposal for potential future extensions involving more autonomous (i.e., intelligent) social robots as well as feedback from human brain signals.
Digitization and Preservation of Digital Resources and Their Accessibility for Blind People
Authors: Bogdanova Galina T. , Noev Nikolay Genchev
Published: March 2019

This chapter explores digital technologies and their use in social applications for blind people. The digitization, creation, and indexing of digital resources aimed at using these resources for the needs of visually impaired people are presented. Standards for digitization, metadata, digital media storage, and media resources are presented. Internet technologies, semantic networks, and ontologies are of particular importance and can be used for blind learners. 3D technologies and 3D models are particularly suitable tools and give new opportunities for blind people. Website standards and website accessibility standards, as well as accessibility technologies for people with disabilities, are a means and a way of socializing. Both digital resources and robots are considered inaccessible to people with visual limitations. They are widespread on a global scale, but their use is rather limited in people with disabilities and in their special education. Particular attention is paid to the interdisciplinary use of digital technologies and social robots as training tools.
Mathematical Processing of Cardiological Signals and Organization of Access to Holter Databases
Authors: Georgieva-Tsaneva Galya Nikolova
Published: March 2019

The study of human cardiovascular activity is one of the main methods for assessing the health of the human. It is performed in clinical conditions via electrocardiographic devices and in the daily life of a individuals through Holter monitoring. An important diagnostic parameter that can be determined by an electrocardiogram, taking into account the difference between successive heartbeat is heart rate variability – a widely used non-invasive method of measuring heart rate. This parameter makes it possible to assess the risk of various cardiac diseases such as angina, cardiac infarction, life-threatening arrhythmias, etc. This chapter presents the morphological bases of the cardio records, heart rate variability, and its impact on the healthy status of the individual. It describes the created cardiology base of prolongated Holter recordings for the purposes of scientific research project. Presented are internationally approved standards to provide web accessibility to internet-based data bases and other resources for people with disabilities.
Attitude and Heading Reference System for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Hristov Blagovest
Published: March 2019

The methods that have been used in navigation over the centuries have changed as have the goals they serve. One of these methods is inertial navigation. Nowadays inertial navigation offers many advantages over other types of navigation. A major advantage is the lack of dependence on external transmitters or other devices, which means independence of the system. With the development of new technologies, the accuracy of these systems is increasing, which increases their applicability. An important aspect is the reduction in the price of sensors, which is a prerequisite for their application in new areas where they have not yet been offered. An important advantage of inertial navigation is the ability to give in real-time information about acceleration, speed, and location and the possibility of autonomous operation of the object.
Control Methods for Bipedal Walking Robots With Integrated Elastic Elements
Authors: Savin Sergei
Published: March 2019

In this chapter, the problem of controlling bipedal walking robots with integrated elastic elements is considered. A survey of the existing control methods developed for walking robots is given, and their applicability to the task of controlling the robots with elastic elements is analyzed. The focus of the chapter lies with the feedback controller design. The chapter studies the influence that the elastic elements modelled as a spring-damper system have on the behavior of the control system. The influence of the spring-damper parameters and the inertial parameters of the actuator gear box and the motor shaft on the generated control laws and the resulting peak torques are discussed. The changes in these effects associated with motor torque saturation and sensors nonlinearities are studied. It is shown that the introduction of torque saturation changes the way the elastic drive parameters affect the resulting behavior of the control system. The ways to use obtained results in practice are discussed.
Computer Forensic Investigation in Cloud of Things
Authors: Surendar A.
Published: March 2019

Digital data transformation is most challenging in developing countries. In recent days, all the applications are functioning with the support of internet of things (IoT). Wearable devices involve the most insightful information, which includes individual healthcare data. Health records of patients must be protected. IoT devices could be hacked, and criminals use this information. Smart cities with IoT use information technology to collect, analyze, and integrate information. Smart reduces the network traffic using the ground sensors, micro-radars, and drones monitor traffic to the traffic controller based on that signals are designed. The data collected includes the images and convey information to smart vehicles, which in turn, if data are hacked, may affect many people. Smart city includes important features such as smart buildings, smart technology, smart governance, smart citizen, and smart security. Cyber threat is a challenging problem, and usage of apps may increase malware that affects various customers.
The Nature of Success in Doctoral Education
Authors: Cosgrove Preston B.
Published: March 2019

Doctoral attrition rates have remained around 50% for nearly four decades at significant costs to the student, department, institution, and society. In this chapter, the author analyzes the literature and make an argument for three critical strategies of degree completion: 1) the nature of the adult doctoral student, which involves an identity shift from dependent student to independent scholar; 2) the nature of the doctoral advisor, which involves more holistic supervision and support; and 3) the nature of goal-setting, which acts to organically link the two and focus effort and attention. Taken together, they provide a holistic framework that can counter the pervasive attrition rates and lead to greater doctoral student success.
Designing Innovative Faculty Development Initiatives Through the Lens of the Adult Learner
Authors: Gaimaro Amy , Lomellini Amy
Published: March 2019

As adult learners, faculty bring a range of experiences, content knowledge, and motivations with regard to the learning environment. With the continued growth of online enrollment, colleges and universities are focusing on learning theory, course design, and pedagogical shifts for teaching in today's classroom. Faculty development staff can use adult learning theories to guide the creation of alternative ways to deliver professional development. The authors highlight instructional design and program assessment as critical areas in supporting quality faculty development programs. This chapter will discuss trends in online education, adult learning theory research, the role of the instructional designer, and assessment of faculty development programs.
Bring the Power of Music Into Education
Authors: Akutsu Taichi , Amano Kazuya , Hirahara Kimie , Kishi Kumiko , Osuga Eriko , Terada Hirotaka , Yoda Machiko
Published: March 2019

This study aims to utilize music to improve learners' motivation, communication, as well as all subject matters other than music, and to nurture human resources that will contribute to the creation of “symbiosis” society. By creating a new teaching learning model for recurrent education for in-service P-12 teachers in Japan, the study specifically presents several model classes to let the participating teachers plan the “Utilizing Music.” For training, they use active learning methods such as PBL with core communication among students. The data were gathered by asking all of the participants to answer an open-ended questionnaire after each session and to analyze their sample lesson plans after they received the instruction. Findings suggests that there were certain resistances in teachers to change their teaching to be more interdisciplinary and shifted to kyosei-based; however, most of the participants absorbed the proposed idea and created lessons in a new direction.
Japanese Special High School Students' Reflections on 9-11
Authors: Sutani Shizuka , Akutsu Taichi
Published: March 2019

In this study, the authors describe the reflective practices of a violin group instruction session that evolved into a mixed ensemble lesson in which the participants at a Japanese special high shared thoughts and feelings about the 9-11 terrorist attack in New York City. The lesson originally planned for a group violin instruction; however, the students and teacher co-created and arranged the lessons into a mixed ensemble practice in order to share their thoughts concerning the disaster victims. While students were learning the violins, T, by coincidence, found a lyric along with chord progression indicated on a sheet of paper set on a music stand in the corner of the classroom. The name of the song was “Hanamizuki,” the popular Japanese song by Yo Hitoto dedicated to the victims of 9-11. This chapter presents how the teacher's reflective practice and students' active involvement co-created the contents of the class and made an unexpected connection through a song they learned about 9-11.
Exploring Collaborative and Creative Learning Experience Through Playing Ocarina Ensemble in Chinese Public Schools
Authors: Zhou Danqing
Published: March 2019

The current general music class in China, especially in low income communities, does not provide students many opportunities to gain ensemble playing experiences, due to the cost of getting and maintaining various instruments and to the lack of music teachers who know and have experiences of teaching ensembles and the various instruments. According to current teaching pedagogy and learning theories, ensemble playing and collaborative and creative learning experiences are important to students. This chapter presents the value and benefits of group playing, collaborative and creative learning models, and the reasons for choosing ocarina as a media for gaining group playing experiences in Chinese public schools. In the last part of the chapter, some ocarina teaching activities are explored and discussed as examples of how students can learn creatively and collaboratively and gain ensemble playing experiences.
Traditional Music in Japanese Music Education
Authors: Takeshi Kensho
Published: March 2019

The research topic deals with the development of a music education on fundamental approach of teaching shakuhachi traditional music. The shakuhachi is a Japanese bamboo flute with four finger holes in the front and one thumb hole in the back. It is a very simple instrument and is played without a reed. The purpose of the study is to investigate the extent of the interaction of traditional musical issues on Japanese music education by tracing the new music curriculum in 2019. The topic of this study is the development of a fundamental approach of teaching Japanese traditional music. The author demonstrates a basic shakuhachi training method using two to five tones in Japanese traditional children's songs, and Japanese warabeuta (traditional children's songs) and minyo (folk songs). Students study how to make sound, then they play a simple piece. Also, they will be able to study Japanese cultural background through to shakuhachi.
Exploring the Collaborative Musical Experience of Swedish Bunne® Method in Japan
Authors: Fujibayashi Akiko
Published: March 2019

Universal design has been a timely and important research topic of our time both in the realms of music therapy and education. Bunne Method, Swedish music method, was developed by Sten Bunne in 1980 to overcome physical and social difficulties and age gaps by sharing musical ensemble experience. This qualitative study explores the collaborative musical experience of elderly people and children in Japan by implementing Bunne Method. Bunne instruments are made in universal design with a four string swing bar guitar, one string mini bass, chime bar, monophonic flute for the use of anyone regardless of music experience, handicap, etc. In music activities with Bunne instruments, human physical, psychological, and social nature are activated in a synergistic manner so that it also helps to create positive feelings and confidence and livelihood through the pleasure of playing music.
How Tabidachinohini Was Created in a Middle School in Chichibu in Japan
Authors: Matsui Takao
Published: March 2019

The song “Tabidachinohini” is mostly sung at graduation ceremonies in Japan. It is a song called “On the Day of Departure” born at a junior high school in Chichibu, a mountainous area in Saitama Prefecture. The study describes how the song was created and how the song changed the school climate. The message put in this song echoes dreams and hopes and courage. The melody is somewhat nostalgic, but it leads us to a bright future. While spelling out how this song was borne and spreading, the author unravels the circumstances that have transformed into a school where the contact between the teacher and the student and the singing voice resonate. Did singing change the minds of people? The author looks back the process of how “Tabidachinohini” was created and sang among the students.
A Japanese Teacher Education Course in Creative Composition Project for Non-Music Majors
Authors: Ito Akira , Tsuji Yoko , Akutsu Taichi
Published: March 2019

The study documents the creative composition project for non-music education major students in Japan to investigate the process of learning from each other. The participants (N=49), non-music major university students, employed Higuchi's idea marathon (IM) to maximize creativity by writing down and recording innovative ideas daily. They spent six months composing music regularly. Some of the challenges that students felt were peer learning to learn together as the composition could be solitary work, and there were many students who possessed different musical background as well as preference in musical style. In this study, the teacher-researcher encouraged each student to care, and group of students to help and support each other and share the work of the students regularly in class. At the end, students reflected on the process of peer learning and peer-assessed creativity in each composition, and students performed the selected song in small groups as units. The study particularly focuses on how students learned from each other and achieved kyosei goal by sharing creativity.
Strategic Data and Cyber Security Management in the Arab World
Authors: Al Issa Ayman
Published: March 2019

In this chapter, the author will discuss the human life transformation during the last 100 years, moving from the transmission of a message through pigeons and going forward to living a digitalized way of life that could be described as a life where human interaction and communication is taking place predominantly through devices. The chapter will discuss technological advancements such as automation, digitalization, digital transformation, data science, data analytics, real-time data acquisition, artificial intelligence, and predictive intelligence and how all these aspects are affecting the lives of people in the Arab world. The author will discuss how today's people are living within an interconnected world where humans and devices are communicating through the world wide web (the internet). Then, the author will discuss the cyber challenges and how businesses and humans can utilize these technology advancements in a safe and secure way.
Strategic Information Systems in Arab Organizations
Authors: Albadri Ahmad Fayez
Published: March 2019

Organizations are increasingly dependent on information systems, and they invest dearly on systems to integrate disparate business functions, automate business processes, and support operations in order to sustain business and survive in a competition-intensive business environment. However, such systems have in many occasions failed fully or partially. The lack of “fit-to purpose” seems to be the common factor among most of the failed cases. This suggests that such systems are not selected, implemented, configured, or supported based on a proper analysis and understanding of the organization structure and hierarchy, business functions, business processes, and business environment. Evidently, the majority of organizations tend to emphasize system specifications that match their operational and tactical requirements, with little attention given to strategic requirements, culminating in issues with strategic planning and decision making. This chapter uses a survey and simple model based on the characteristics and competitiveness indicators of strategic information systems (SIS) to examine the impact of such systems on the business performance in 16 medium to large Arab organizations. The study concludes with an emphasis of the importance of SIS to help organizations achieve excellence and competitive advantage and realize business objectives and goals.
Strategic Planning in Education
Authors: Omar Salam
Published: March 2019

BCAA is an outstanding school that was rated as one of the top schools in the UAE in 2016 and again in 2018. Taking into consideration the fact that strategic planning is an important factor in guiding educational organizations to achieve a shared vision, this case study provides its readers with a detailed guide for other schools to be aided with. This case study shows the commitment of the leadership team towards the strategic planning. It also highlights the importance and the different aspects of the planning. The researcher has interviewed the members of the leadership team in order to collect the required data for the study. The researcher analyzed the collected data thematically to provide other schools with a successful effective model of strategic planning. The findings of this study show that having a well-studied strategic plan in BCAA led it to succeed and to be evaluated as an outstanding college in all aspects. The results also reveal that the success of the BCAA strategic planning is due to the commitment, cooperation, effective communication, and sincerity of the people working at it.
Social Media and Social Networking in Digital Libraries
Authors: Makori Elisha Ondieki
Published: March 2019

The modern knowledge economy has transformed library and information organizations to adopt and embrace digital social media platforms. Proliferation and growth of social media and social networking technologies continue to play pivotal roles in establishment and operation of digital library and information systems in organizations. The purpose of the chapter is to examine the extent to which information professionals and practitioners understand the impact of social media and social networking technologies on digital library and information systems. The author also analyzes how information professionals manage and promote the adherence to copyright and intellectual property laws in digital library contexts. This chapter specifically discusses the rationale for social media and social networking in digital library and information systems; emerging social media platforms and their applications; legal aspects of social media, copyright and intellectual property protection, and risk management; as well as professional ethics and guidance on social media.
Identifiable Problems in Social Media
Authors: Dye-Reeves Amy D.
Published: March 2019

The chapter serves as a primer for academic librarians on helping patrons with disabilities receive, protect, and understand disseminated content on a multitude of popular social media networking platforms. The content of the chapter provides introductory material on the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act. The first part of the chapter discusses the inclusion of best practices and web accessibility applications for structuring written incorporation to help all patrons understand the expressed material within social media networking pages. The second part of the chapter discusses the importance of respecting patron privacy within FERPA guidelines. This section discusses social networking pages and best practices for helping safeguard the patron's identity concerning inadvertent HIPAA violations.
Curtailing the Threats to Cloud Computing in the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Authors: Chaka John Gyang , Marimuthu Mudaray
Published: March 2019

Cloud computing enables end users to make use of third party's resources to support their computing needs. The services offered by cloud computing make the technology very critical to the fourth industrial revolution. The benefits include cost minimization, scalability of services, speed, integration and higher data management, low innovation risk, and quicker response to organizational needs, among others. However, these benefits have been threatened by a number of security threats. This chapter seeks to curtail the effects of these threats by enlightening and educating users on the current ways to mitigate them. The chapter first defines cloud computing and highlights its relevance or benefits to businesses in the fourth industrial revolution. In addition, various security threats that are associated with cloud computing are brought to the fore. Thereafter, various measures that are used to mitigate the threats are discussed. The chapter concludes that with adequate enlightenment, the full benefits of cloud computing in industry 4.0 would be better enjoyed by users.