bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
N-heteroatom substitution effect in 3-aza-cope rearrangements
Authors: Gomes Mário JS , Pinto Luis FV , Glória Paulo MC , Rzepa Henry S , Prabhakar Sundaresan , Lobo Ana M
Published: May 2013

Background

The nature of the heteroatom substitution in the nitrogen of a 3-aza-Cope system is explored.

Results

While N-propargyl isoxazolin-5-ones suffer 3-aza-Cope rearrangements at 60°C, the corresponding N-propargyl pyrazol-5-ones need a higher temperature of 180°C for the equivalent reaction. When the propargyl group is substituted by an allyl group, the temperature of the rearrangement for both type of compounds is less affected by the nature of the heteroatom present. Treatment with a base, such as ethoxide, facilitates the rearrangement, and in the case of isoxazol-5- ones other ring opening reactions take precedence, involving N–O ring cleavage of the 5-membered ring. However when base-catalysed decomposition is prevented by substituents, products arising from a room temperature aza-Cope rearrangement are isolated. A possible mechanistic pathway based on free energies derived from density functional calculations involving cyclic intermediates is proposed.

Conclusions

The nature of the heteroatom substitution in the nitrogen of a 3-aza-Cope system leads to a remarkable difference in the energy of activation of the reaction.
A free vascularized tibia-fibular composite graft for the traumatic femoral bony defect of a 6-year-old boy with 10-year follow up: a case report
Authors: Chen Shih-Hao , Wong To , Yeh Ming-Chung , Pai Chun-Huang , Ko Jih-Yang
Published: May 2013

Introduction

Free vascularized fibular grafts have been widely used for the reconstruction of long bone defects. However, the use of a vascularized tibial graft is precluded by its weight-bearing function and unacceptable donor site morbidity.

Case presentation

We present a rare case of using a vascularized tibia-fibular composite graft taken from a 6-year-old Chinese boy’s ipsilateral lower leg to reconstruct a large bony defect of his traumatic femur. Hypertrophy of the tibial graft, good remodeling of the femoral shaft, and atrophy of the unloaded fibular graft were noted at the 10-year follow up. He was able to participate in outdoor activities such as basketball while wearing his prosthesis.

Conclusions

The 10-year follow up demonstrates the feasibility of this salvage procedure for a floating knee injury with neurovascular compromise.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Combined treatment of glibenclamide and CoCl2 decreases MMP9 expression and inhibits growth in highly metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Rong Zhe , Li Li , Fei Fei , Luo Lailong , Qu Yang
Published: May 2013

Background

To observe the influence of combination treatment with glibenclamide and CoCl2 on the growth and invasiveness of TA2 breast cancer, and to detect the protein and mRNA expression of MMP9.

Methods

50 adult female TA2 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups including DMSO control, CoCl2, glibenclamide, CoCl2 + glibenclamide and paclitaxel. All of these mice were inoculated with TA2 spontaneous breast cancer cells in the left groin. Nine days after inoculation the tumor could be palpated. Different treatments for each group were then subcutaneously administered near the tumors on the 9th and 14th days after injection. Tumor size was measured to determine the growth curve. All mice were sacrificed on the 18th day after initial inoculation and tumor tissues were collected. Some fresh tissues without necrosis were stored at −80°C for mRNA detection and the other tumor tissue was fixed with 10% formalin for H&E and immunohistochemical staining.

Results

The growth rate of tumor cells in the CoCl2 + glibenclamide group was lower than that seen in the other groups. On the 14th day, the average volume of tumor in the CoCl2 + glibenclamide group was the lowest and the difference has statistical significance (P < 0.05), while the differences among the CoCl2, glibenclamide and paclitaxel had no statistical significance. The mean percentage of cells expressing MMP9 and PCNA was the lowest in the CoCl2 + glibenclamide group (P < 0.05). MMP9 mRNA expression paralleled MMP9 protein expression in these groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Combined treatment with glibenclamide and CoCl2 inhibits TA2 spontaneous breast cancer growth and invasiveness with effects similar to paclitaxel.
Forage and breed effects on behavior and temperament of pregnant beef heifers
Authors: Mays Angela R , Looper Michael L , Williamson Benjamin C , Coffey Kenneth P , Coblentz Wayne K , Aiken Glen E , Rosenkrans Charles F
Published: May 2013

Background

Integration of behavioral observations with traditional selection schemes may lead to enhanced animal well-being and more profitable forage-based cattle production systems. Brahman-influenced (BR; n = 64) and Gelbvieh × Angus (GA; n = 64) heifers consumed either toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue (E+) or one of two nontoxic endophyte-infected tall fescue (NT) cultivars during two yr. Heifers were weighed at midpoint and termination of grazing. Grazing behavior (grazing, resting in the shade, lying, or standing without grazing) was recorded (n = 13 visual observations per yr in June and July) for each pasture. During yr 2, exit velocity (EV) and serum prolactin (PRL) were determined.

Results

Grazing behavior was influenced (P < 0.05) by an interaction between fescue cultivar and breed type. Gelbvieh × Angus heifers assigned to E+ pastures had the lowest percentage of animals grazing and the largest percentage of animals resting in the shade. Brahman-influenced heifers had faster EV (P < 0.001) than GA heifers (0.52 vs. 0.74 ± 0.04 s/m, respectively). Body weight (BW) was affected (P < 0.01) by an interaction of tall fescue cultivar and d, and an interaction of tall fescue cultivar and breed type. Heifers grazing NT pastures were heavier (P < 0.01) than heifers grazing E+ pastures at midpoint and termination. Gelbvieh × Angus heifers grazing NT pastures were heavier (P < 0.01) than GA and BR heifers grazing E+ and BR heifers grazing NT pastures. An interaction of forage cultivar and breed type occurred on serum PRL (P < 0.01).

Conclusion

Collectively fescue cultivar, EV, and concentrations of serum PRL were associated with grazing behavior. Heifers grazing NT pastures were observed to be grazing more than heifers assigned to E+ pastures, regardless of breed type, which may have contributed to changes in BW and average daily gain (ADG) in heifers. Integration of behavioral observations along with traditional selection schemes may lead to enhanced animal well-being and more profitable forage-based cattle production systems.
Tephra, tephrochronology and archaeology – a (re-)view from Northern Europe
Authors: Riede Felix , Thastrup Mads Bakken
Published: May 2013

Volcanic eruptions are often, although by no means always, associated with a profuse output of fine pyroclastic material, tephra. While residence time in the atmosphere of the very finest of these particles can be substantial, the deposition of the bulk of volcanic ejecta can be considered instantaneous from a geological, archaeological, and evolutionary perspective. Often these volcanic products can be identified by various chemical and non-chemical means and if the eruption date is known, the occurrence of tephra from a given eruption in stratigraphic sequences provides a powerful means of dating such deposits, or of refining available dating schemes. Furthermore, the occurrence of tephra from the same eruption across sites, regions and in various types of depositional contexts (ice-cores, terrestrial, marine, cultural) holds the potential of linking and thus elucidating the tempi and causes of both environmental and cultural change. Recent years have seen considerable advances in tephrochronology studies, especially regarding the detection of macroscopically invisible micro- or cryptotephras. In parallel with the possibility of detecting hitherto invisible tephras over vastly increased areas, the overall potential of tephrochronology as a major dating tool for both palaeoenvironmental scientists and archaeologists is greatly expanded. The aim of this paper is not to be comprehensive, but to provide a brief and timely general review of tephra studies and their methodologies, and to make a case for better linking tephra research to archaeology, all from a primarily Scandinavian perspective. We argue that the identification of tephra in archaeological sediments should, in due time, become as routine as other types of geo-archaeological analyses, especially given that tephra cannot only act as a useful chronostratigraphic marker, but can also play a role in changing patterns of environmental and cultural change at the level of the site or the region. In order to move towards such integration, a series of methodological challenges have to be met. We outline some of these, and provide pointers as to how and where tephrochronologists and archaeologists can work together more closely.
Effects of E/Z Configuration of Fluoroalkene-containing HDAC Inhibitors on Selectivity for HDAC Isoforms
Authors: Chuman Yoshiro , Ueyama Mariko , Sano Satoshi , Wu Fei , Kiyota Yuhei , Higashi Takayoshi , Osada Satoshi , Sakaguchi Kazuyasu
Published: May 2013

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors belong to a new class of potential anticancer agents. It may be possible to reduce some of the toxicity by specifically targeting only the HDAC isoform. Here, stereoisomeric HDAC inhibitors containing fluoroalkene were analyzed for their specificity toward HDAC isoforms. Z-Form 1(Z) showed high affinity to HDACs whereas E-isoform 1(E) had lower affinity to HDAC1 and HDAC4. These data suggested that introduction of alkene with E/Z configuration to HDAC inhibitor can be a new strategy to develop the isoform-selective HDAC inhibitors.
Electrogenerated Acid (EGA)-catalyzed Addition of Diaryl Disulfides to Carbon–Carbon Multiple Bonds
Authors: Matsumoto Kouichi , Shimazaki Hayato , Sanada Tomonari , Shimada Kazuaki , Hagiwara Shino , Suga Seiji , Kashimura Shigenori , Yoshida Jun-ichi
Published: May 2013

Addition of diaryl disulfides to carbon–carbon multiple bonds was achieved with a catalytic amount of an electrogenerated acid (EGA), which was produced by the electrolysis of Bu4N+B(C6F5)4−/CH2Cl2. The anti-addition products of two ArS groups across the carbon–carbon multiple bond were obtained in good yields.
Self-assembled Nanofibrils and Nanorings Formed from Oligo(p-phenylenevinylene) Dimers
Authors: Yamauchi Mitsuaki , Chiba Yosuke , Karatsu Takashi , Kitamura Akihide , Yagai Shiki
Published: May 2013

Azobenzene dimer 1 has been previously shown to form chiral nanorings in nonpolar solvents. In this study, azobenzene chromophores are replaced with oligo(p-phenylenevinylene) (OPV). The resulting OPV dimer 2 was shown to form a small number of nanorings, and other assemblies were extended fibrils due to stronger π–π stacking interaction.
A New Water-soluble Fluorescent Dye Based on 2-Sulfanylhydroquinone Dimers
Authors: Nokubi Tomomi , Nasu Kotaro , Watanabe Ryusuke , Kamimura Akio
Published: May 2013

In this study, a new water-soluble fluorescent dye based on 2-sulfanylhydroquinone dimers was developed, and its physical properties were investigated.
Facial sinus tract associated with periodontitis in a cat
Authors: Putter Gerhard
Published: May 2013

Periodontitis in cats infrequently leads to facial abscess development but should always be considered as an underlying cause of this common problem. Without removal of the underlying cause of an abscess it will probably reoccur as soon as antibiotic or anti-inflammatory treatment ends.

For this reason, it is important to identify dental disease as a possible underlying cause of these abscesses. This case demonstrates very effectively that an accurate diagnosis and the formulation of an effective treatment plan would be impossible without the use of intraoral radiography. The fact that no effective decisions about diagnosis and treatment of tooth resorption are possible without the use of radiography is underlined by this case.
Clinical Forum: canine pancreatitis and biliary duct obstruction
Authors: Walker David
Published: May 2013

Part 1: The medic's perspective

This clinical forum will review pancreatic disease in dogs, primarily focusing on patients that go on to develop obstruction of the biliary tree. A panel of specialists will be asked a series of commonly asked questions relating to pancreatitis and concurrent biliary tract obstruction, with varying views expressed! Over the coming weeks, further articles on this topic will be published, giving both an imager's and surgeon's perspective on canine pancreatitis and biliary duct obstruction.
Diagnostic approach to canine symmetrical alopecia
Authors: Cerundolo Rosario
Published: May 2013

Symmetrical alopecia in dogs can be a clinical presentation that is frustrating to address in daily practice. A complete work-up should include evaluating the breed characteristics, taking a complete history and carrying out a complete physical and dermatological evaluation. A list of differential diagnoses should help to decide which diagnostic tests should be performed to rule out ectoparasites, infections, endocrine disorders and follicular disorders. The treatment options should be discussed with the owners because, for some alopecic conditions, e.g. follicular dysplasia, there may be no effective therapy and the alopecia may be just a cosmetic disorder.
Confocal Microendoscopy: An Emerging Tool for In Situ Disease Diagnosis
Authors: Gmitro Arthur F. , Rouse Andrew R. , Rynes Anthony West , Udovich Joshua A.
Published: May 2013

The confocal microendoscope is an instrument for optical biopsy that
allows in situ imaging of tissue at the cellular level. Several
promising clinical applications are emerging for this type of novel
instrumentation.
Kim Hyun-seok on Joint Security Area, YMCA Baseball Team, and His Career
Authors: Stokes Lisa Odham
Published: May 2013

South Korean screenwriter and newbie director Kim Hyun-seok first grabbed the attention of an international audience as co-scripter of Joint Security Area , a powerful drama that humanizes the politics between North and South Korea. In 1999, this movie not only became the biggest box
office draw in Korean history, but it also indicated that the Korean New Wave is no fluke. Mature writing, strong acting, powerful editing, and gorgeous cinematography made this film also well-recognized on the international filmfest scene. Kim next served as assistant director on Kim Ki-duk’s
The Isle . Kim Ki-duk, one of the bad boys of new Korean cinema, with his dubious representations of women and unexpected bursts of gut-twisting violence amid the everyday, served as a stepping stone for Hyun-seok’s directorial debut in an altogether different style film, YMCA Baseball
Team , in 2002, which Hyun-seok also wrote.
The Floating World: Representations of Japan in Lost in Translation and demonlover
Authors: Veen Anita Schillhorn van
Published: May 2013

In Japan during the Edo period (1603-1868), the shogunate heaped together all things immoral -- gambling, theater, prostitution, bars – into districts separate from the rest of the city in an attempt to both provide and control licentious activities. These areas came to be known
collectively as the “floating world,” a heady terrain of sex and art, an island of hedonism in a balancing act with strict patriarchal morality and social code. Tokyo’s district, called Yoshiwara, or “happy fields,” was the most famous. In Lost in Translation
and demonlover , Tokyo is depicted as a floating world in the here and now, a contemporary mecca of fleeting pleasures disconnected from the West’s heavy-handed morality, from meaningful relationships, from Christian guilt.
A Daughter’s Recollection: Sound and Color in Sun Mingjing’s Silent b/w Films. The Paradox of a Documentary/Educational Filmmaker
Authors: Jianqiu Sun
Published: May 2013

Whenever I heard people mention that “most of Sun Mingjing’s film were silent and black & white,” the statement always came as a shock to me, very hard to accept. In fact, many viewers of Sun’s films in Nanking still remember the vivid sound and colorfulness
of his films. What brought about this discrepancy? I searched my memory and found that my impressions were probably from the way my father showed his films. He would often lead people into singing a relevant song to create the right atmosphere, then he would make commentary himself with a
witness’s precision and a storyteller’s vivid language.
Reflections on the Literary Tendencies of Chinese Film History
Authors: Suyuan Li
Published: May 2013

Film history, which has time as one of the most important elements, emerged after film criticism and film theory, but there is no consensus as to when, some giving date of origin as 1930, others later in that decade. In China, in the 1920s, many articles about the birth and development
of Chinese cinema had already appeared in several newspapers and magazines. However, the true study of Chinese film history emerged later in the 1930s. The History of the Development of Chinese Cinema by Gu Jianchen in the Yearbook of Chinese Film (Association of China Education Film, 1934)
and Brief History of Modern Chinese Cinema by Zheng Junli in History of the Development of Chinese Modern Arts (Liang You Printing Co., 1936) are the most notable works titled “film history,” and have given their important contribution to the research level and the historical value
of the early age of Chinese film history.
The Story of a Researcher of Chinese Film History
Authors: Suyuan Li
Published: May 2013

Even though I was strongly attracted by the film when I entered in a theater for the first time, it was completely out of my imagination that cinema would be that to which I would dedicate all my life. At that time, I was a primary school pupil. But since then, cinema has become one
of my dreams and I went on being excited by the idea of making a movie by myself. At high-school and at university I spent a lot of time writing scripts, trying to introduce the beautiful Chinese folk stories onto the screen. This was not well considered at that time, plus with my lack of
professional knowledge and life experience, the result was very poor indeed.
Battle Royale 2 Revenge: The Last Testament of Kinji Fukasaku
Authors: Williams Tony
Published: May 2013

Following the notorious success of Battle Royale (2000) in Japan, a sequel appeared inevitable. Unfortunately, Kinji Fukasaku (1930_2003) did not live to complete the next episode in a film based upon a well-known 1999 novel by Koushun Takami, depicting a life-threatening situation
devised by the authorities affecting Japanese students living within an allegorical parallel world set in the new millennium. Kinji Fukasaku did begin pre-production work on the film and contributed to the screenplay written by his son Kenta, Norio Kida, and Koushon Takami. However, he died
from prostate cancer on Jan. 12, 2003 and may have directed only one scene.
“100% Sadist”: Violence Is Sex in Takashi Miike’s Ichi the Killer
Authors: Hallam Lindsay
Published: May 2013

Takashi Miike’s cult film Ichi the Killer has become renowned for its audacious and extreme depiction of violence. A gangster film set in the world of the Japanese yakuza, it distinguishes itself by commenting directly on the genre’s inherent sadism. Through an excessively
graphic style, the film highlights not only that the act of violence is central to the genre, but also that violence can be a source of pleasure. Thus, I will argue in this analysis that Miike’s Ichi the Killer represents violence not only as a highly erotic activity, but as replacing
sex as a means of bodily pleasure. In this film Miike foregrounds the transgressive elements contained in representations of sadism, which highlight a radical crossing of the boundaries of sexuality, through the incorporation of pain, masochism, and the sexualization of previously “nonsexual”
acts, objects, and body parts.
Distant Voices, Still Lives: Love, Loss, and Longing in the work of Makoto Shinkai
Authors: Bingham Adam
Published: May 2013

Within the hallowed ranks of Japanese anime, the label of “new Miyazaki” is something that is at once both too difficult and too easy to bestow on new directors: too difficult because the Studio Ghibli luminary is as distinctive a figure as is currently working in Japanese
cinema; too easy as a great deal of our current Anglophone critical establishment seems only able to valorize promising new directors by relying on lazy comparisons to great filmmakers of past generations. Discourse on Kitano Takeshi in particular exemplifies this trend. By the time of his
own international breakthrough with Hana-Bi in 1997, he was being variously compared to Ozu, Kurosawa, and Oshima in Japan; elsewhere to Martin Scorsese, Buster Keaton, Jean-Pierre Melville, Robert Bresson, John Woo, Sam Peckinpah, and Quentin Tarantino.
The Other Face of Modernity in 1950s’ Mainland Chinese Films
Authors: Li Chi
Published: May 2013

In the documentary film Morning Sun (2003), Carma Hinton uses two different types of ballet performances to emblematize the visual memory of Mainland China of the 1950s and 1960s. While the 1950s is represented by the classical ballet “Swan Lake,” the 1960s is represented
by the model play “The Red Detachment of Women.” In the memory of an American who spent many years in China, the 1950s appears as modern and romantic in contrast with the revolutionary and radical 1960s.
Festival Paris Cinéma
Authors: Dönmez-Colin Gönul
Published: May 2013

Festival Paris Cinéma (2-14 July, 2009) is a summer delight in the French capital abandoned to the tourists by the inhabitants heading south. Presided over the British actress Charlotte Rampling who made Paris her home long time ago, the event celebrated its seventh anniversary
with an eclectic program of first runs, tributes and guests of honor. The ‘country of honor’ was Turkey as part of the ‘Season of Turkey’ in France, a six-month program that aims to bridge the gap between the two countries through culture.
Ontological pivots
Authors: Tilford Keith
Published: May 2013

This article provides a survey of recent projects in the acrylic medium, detailing some of the operative conceptual machinery and genesis of the ideas, with brief reflections on the implications of materials, process and aesthetic choices. It attempts to extract speculative philosophical
consequences for approaches to drawing and the possibilities of thinking its act through the concepts of gesture and manipulative abduction as they appear in the work of Gilles Châtelet and Lorenzo Magnani, respectively. Beyond this, the article sets up a potential task for thinking
art in relation to alienation and estrangement as ineradicable aspects of its procedures, and considers them as liberating rather than constricting mechanisms.
Machinima Reviews
Authors: Johnson Phylis , Grove Ricky
Published: May 2013

GAME WORLDS CONVERGE TO CELEBRATE VIRTUAL ARTISTRY: INSIGHTS FROM CO-FOUNDER RICKY GROVE OF THE MACHINIMA EXPO

MACHINIMA AS PERSONAL EXPLORATION: TWO EXPERIMENTAL FILMS FROM TUTSY NAVARATHNA AND PING-YAO CHEN
Playing queer: Affordances for sexuality in Fable and Dragon Age
Authors: Greer Stephen
Published: May 2013

This article adopts the lens of queer theory to examine the terms of inclusion of non-heterosexual identities within recent mass market role-playing games. Focusing on Lionhead Studios’ Fable and BioWare’s Dragon Age series, I suggest how the intersection of queer theory’s
resistance of presumptive categories for sexuality and theories of game design – notably the concept of affordances – may provide for a critique of the performative constraints through which gamers are able to ‘play queer’. While even-handed dynamics of relationship
game play may espouse a liberal rhetoric of inclusion, I propose that a predominant logic of sameness – grounded in an even-handed ‘blindness’ to sexual difference – may also restrict the possibilities for queer identification.
Infectious pleasures: Ethnographic perspectives on the production and use of illicit videogame modifications on the Call of Duty franchise
Authors: Meades Alan F.
Published: May 2013

This article explores the phenomenon of illicit modifications known as ‘infection lobbies’ that are created for the Call of Duty (CoD) franchise and deployed on the Xbox 360’s Xbox Live (XBL) gaming network. These modifications have the unique ability to ‘infect’
unmodified systems, altering the settings that control the CoD game space following contact within a multiplayer match, spreading the modification far beyond the reach and control of its instigators. Infection lobbies necessitate the use of hardware hacked Xbox 360 consoles, such as a ‘JTAG’
or ‘Reset Glitch Hack’ (RGH) console, the creation and utilization of which are in violation of access control technology circumvention clauses within the European Directive 2001/29/EC (2001) and the US Digital Millennium Copyright Act (1998) (DMCA). Infection lobbies therefore
violate the legal and contractual contexts of play, the rules of the game, and the emergent social contexts of play. As a result infection lobbies constitute illicit modifications, forbidden by law, rules or custom, yet despite this configuration a significant body of players are willing to
engage with and utilize them, whether orchestrating and deploying them or by opportunistically utilizing the infected alterations that they contain. Through the conduct of interviews with and participant observation of both those that play within and those that deploy infection lobbies in
Activision’s CoD franchise, this article explores not only the process of deployment but what it means to play against the infected, to play alongside the infected and to infect others. In doing so the illicit modification is seen to be interpreted by players in various ways: as egalitarian
game-extension, as temporary inversion, as a method of antagonistic dominance, and as a tool for protecting the very core of the game through targeted vigilantism. Through these explorations, this article contributes to contemporary research in the contested space between producer and consumer,
and the discourses of legitimization and victimization that surround play.
Book Review
Authors: Rousse Thomas H.
Published: May 2013

WORDPLAY AND THE DISCOURSE OF VIDEO GAMES: ANALYZIN G WORDS, CHRISTOPHER A. PAUL (2012) New York: Routledge, 220 pp., ISBN: 978-0-415-89306-0, h/bk, $140.00 (USD), ISBN: 978-0-415-83499-5, p/bk, $39.95 (USD)
Expanded Cinema: Art, Performance, Film, A. L. Rees, Duncan White, Steven Ball and David Curtis (eds), (2011)
Authors: MacDonald Richard Lowell
Published: May 2013

1st ed., London: Tate Publishing, 298 pp., ISBN: 978-1-85437-0, p/bk, £19.99
The end of television: David Hall’s 1001 TV Sets (End Piece)
Authors: Ball Steven
Published: May 2013

Ambika P3, London 16 March – 22 April 2012
The revue: The genre-bending, ever-shifting, spectacular entertainment that was (almost) forgotten
Authors: Westover Jonas
Published: May 2013

This editorial introduces issue 7.1 of Studies in Musical Theatre, a special issue focusing on the musical revue. The editorial considers the treatment of the revue in scholarship, noting the lack of attention given to the genre. A chronological timeline is suggested for thinking about
how the revue changed over a period of time, and the author notes areas in which historians might consider doing research in the future.
Gilding the Guild’: Art theatre, the Broadway revue and cultural parody in The Garrick Gaieties (1925–1930)
Authors: Cantu Maya
Published: May 2013

The legendary Garrick Gaieties revues of the mid-1920s are credited with launching the Broadway careers of Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart, with developing the style of the ‘sophisticated revue’ and with establishing Rodgers’ collaboration with the Theatre Guild, which
later produced Oklahoma! (1943) and Carousel (1945). Beyond these more familiar innovations, The Garrick Gaieties invites closer scrutiny for the series’ complex relationship with the Little Theatre and art theatre movements of the 1920s, as represented by the Theatre Guild. Through
cultural parody satirizing both the Theatre Guild and Broadway commercialism, the creators of The Garrick Gaieties of 1925, 1926 and 1930 not only used the revue form to destabilize cultural hierarchies and address tensions concerning art and commerce, but to bridge the distinct traditions
of the Broadway musical and art theatre during the culturally dynamic years of the 1920s.
New insecurities, new form, new identity – national identity and raciologies in Eightpence a Mile (1913)
Authors: Linton David
Published: May 2013

Focusing on the revue 8d a Mile (1913), this study looks at how London West End revue constituted a particular response to mounting social, political and cultural insecurities over Britain’s status and position at the beginning of the twentieth century. Just as musical comedy
had in many ways reflected Britain at its zenith, revue by comparison captured a feeling of decline. In revue’s shapeless and haphazard version of modernity, anxieties about degeneration and the condition and character of modern England became deeply problematized, providing a cultural
expression of a fragile and changing social and political order.
Resonant Frequency Testing of New York City Rock Types
Authors: Brant Logan C. , Nikolaou Sissy , Moss Cheryl
Published: May 2013

The elastic properties of rock are important in geotechnical design, including aspects of site characterization, foundation selection, and seismic wave attenuation and response of overlying soils. In this paper, the authors present results of laboratory-resonant frequency testing used to evaluate the low-strain dynamic elastic moduli of intact rock samples representing many of the rock types encountered in the New York City (NYC) metropolitan area. NYC lies on very old geologic formations, with bedrock more than a billion years old in some areas. Because of its age and the tectonic history, the regional bedrock is amazingly complex and varied, as demonstrated by laboratory tests performed on about 100 specimens of various rock types included in this study. The tests were performed using the resonant frequency method with impulse excitation, where the response of a rock specimen of known dimensions and mass is measured by a lightweight accelerometer on the surface of the specimen. This method requires an assumption that the rock's stiffness is isotropic, an assumption that simplifies the characterization of materials, which in actuality are often anisotropic and quite complex. Depending on the excitation mode, fundamental frequencies were measured in the transverse, longitudinal, and torsional directions. These frequencies are directly related to low-strain values of the Young's modulus (E), shear modulus (G), and shear wave velocity (Vs) of the intact rock. The paper compares these laboratory measurements to: (i) low-strain in situ field seismic testing results, (ii) large-strain laboratory results of unconfined compressive strength testing, and (iii) correlations in the literature. NYC region-specific preliminary correlations for the dynamic elastic stiffness properties of intact rock are presented.
Soldatische Hinterwäldler oder Avantgarde? Über die einsatzbezogenen Erfahrungen der Kaiserlichen Schutztruppe in »Deutsch-Südwestafrika«
Authors: Häußler Matthias
Published: May 2013

In den Augen höherer Offiziere aus der Metropole war die »Kaiserliche Schutztruppe in Deutsch-Südwestafrika« militärisch eine Hinterwelt und dem Heimatheer in allen Belangen unterlegen. Die Erfahrung insbesondere jüngerer Offiziere, die sich unter den massiven Truppenverstärkungen im Zuge der Aufstände von 1904 befanden und bei den Feldtruppen ihren Dienst versahen, fiel hingegen ganz anders aus. Nach ihren Berichten erwiesen sich sowohl Offiziere wie auch Mannschaften den aus der Heimat herausgesandten Kräften als deutlich überlegen. Dies hing nicht nur mit ihrer besseren Kenntnis von Land, Gegnern und Kleinkriegführung zusammen. So zeichneten sich die Offiziere dadurch aus, dass sie nicht blind dem »Dogma der Vernichtungsschlacht« anhingen, sondern wussten, dass das Operative nur einen Aspekt neben anderen der Kriegführung darstellt, und legten ein hohes Maß an sozialer Verantwortung »nach unten« an den Tag. Die Selbstständigkeit, zu der die Mannschaften erzogen waren und die freilich auch der Logik der Siedlergesellschaft folgte, nahm sie deutlich gegenüber den »neuen« Verbänden aus und machte sie zu einer Verkörperung des Soldaten, dessen die Schlachtfelder des 20. Jahrhunderts bedurften. Die »alte« Schutztruppe war nicht nur nicht ihrer Zeit hinterher, sondern dieser sogar deutlich voraus.
Complex Chromosome Rearrangement of 6p25.3->p23 and 12q24.32->qter in a Child With Moyamoya
Authors: Rosenberg Rebecca E. , Egan Maureen , Rodgers Shaun , Harter David , Burnside Rachel D. , Milla Sarah , Pappas John
Published: May 2013

A 7-year-old white girl presented with left hemiparesis and ischemic stroke secondary to moyamoya syndrome, a progressive cerebrovascular occlusive disorder of uncertain but likely multifactorial etiology. Past medical history revealed hearing loss and developmental delay/intellectual disability. Routine karyotype demonstrated extra chromosomal material on 6p. Single nucleotide polymorphism microarray revealed a previously unreported complex de novo genetic rearrangement involving subtelomeric segments on chromosomes 6p and 12q. The duplicated/deleted regions included several known OMIM-annotated genes. This novel phenotype and genotype provides information about a possible association of genomic copy number variation and moyamoya syndrome. Dosage-sensitive genes in the deleted and duplicated segments may be involved in aberrant vascular proliferation. Our case also emphasizes the importance of comprehensive evaluation of both developmental delay and congenital anomalies such as moyamoya.
General Pediatric Attending Physicians’ and Residents’ Knowledge of Inpatient Hospital Finances
Authors: Rock Thomas A. , Xiao Rui , Fieldston Evan
Published: May 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

There is evidence suggesting that physicians have a limited foundation of knowledge on health care finances and limited awareness of hospital costs and charges. The objective was to analyze general pediatric attending physicians’ and residents’ knowledge of costs, charges, and reimbursements for care rendered in the inpatient setting.

METHODS:

An online survey was administered to all general pediatric attending physicians who work on the inpatient service and the entire pediatric residency program at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) in spring of 2011. Participants’ estimates of costs, charges, and reimbursements for several common tests, medications, and services were obtained and analyzed.

RESULTS:

A total of 38 attending physicians and 100 residents participated in the study (84% and 76% response rates, respectively). The majority of both attending physicians (71%) and residents (75%) characterized their understanding as “Minimally knowledgeable” or “Completely unaware”. Only 15% of attending physicians’ estimates and 11% of residents’ estimates were within ±25% of true values across all surveyed costs, charges, and reimbursements. Percent error did not vary by level of experience or self-reported knowledge for attending physicians and residents.

CONCLUSIONS:

Attending physicians and residents demonstrated limited knowledge of costs, charges, and reimbursements as shown by a low accuracy of estimates and a high percent error, compared with the actual values. To meet expectations for competency in systems-based practice and to be effective stewards of medical resources, it appears that pediatricians need further financial education.
A Qualitative Study of the Day-to-Day Lives of Obese Mexican-American Adolescent Females
Authors: Taylor Sharonda Alston , Garland Beth H. , Sanchez-Fournier Blanca E. , Allen Kaitlyn Florence , Doak Jean S. , Wiemann Constance M.
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVE:

In an effort to develop more effective weight-loss interventions, this study examined the daily experiences and personal struggles of Mexican-American adolescent females with morbid obesity.

METHODS:

Twenty self-identified, morbidly obese Mexican-American adolescent females and their families were interviewed about their food choices, personal and family barriers to weight loss, sources of support, previous weight-loss experience, and weight-related beliefs. Qualitative responses were coded by using framework analysis.

RESULTS:

Four themes emerged from the adolescent and family responses: the impact of normal adolescent development, multiple sources of excess calories, the physical and emotional burden of excess weight for the adolescent, and the magnitude of the family’s personal struggle with weight management. Multiple subthemes were also identified.

CONCLUSIONS:

Responses by the adolescents and their families highlighted the intersection of adolescence and Mexican-American culture and the daily challenges of obesity. Recommendations for providers include incorporating knowledge of adolescent development and culturally sensitive care into treatment recommendations.
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Daytime and Nighttime Sleep Duration in Early Childhood
Authors: Touchette Evelyne , Dionne Ginette , Forget-Dubois Nadine , Petit Dominique , Pérusse Daniel , Falissard Bruno , Tremblay Richard E. , Boivin Michel , Montplaisir Jacques Y.
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVES:

To determine the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors on daytime and nighttime continuous sleep duration at 6, 18, 30, and 48 months of age, and to identify different subgroups of children who followed different daytime and nighttime sleep duration trajectories and to investigate their etiology.

METHODS:

The current study included 995 twins (405 monozygotic and 586 dizygotic) of the Quebec Newborn Twin Study recruited from the birth records of the Quebec Statistics Institute. Daytime and nighttime sleep was assessed through maternal reports at 6, 18, 30, and 48 months of age. A semiparametric modeling strategy was used to estimate daytime and nighttime sleep duration trajectories. Quantitative genetic models were used to examine to what extent genetic and environmental factors influenced daytime and nighttime continuous sleep duration.

RESULTS:

Genetic modeling analyses revealed environmental influences for all daytime sleep duration trajectories. In contrast, strong genetic influences were found for consolidated nighttime sleep duration (except at 18 months and for the short-increasing sleep duration trajectory).

CONCLUSIONS:

This is the first indication that early childhood daytime sleep duration may be driven by environmental settings, whereas the variance in consolidated nighttime sleep duration is largely influenced by genetic factors with a critical environmental time-window influence at ∼18 months.
Weight Gain in Infancy and Vascular Risk Factors in Later Childhood
Authors: Skilton Michael R. , Marks Guy B. , Ayer Julian G. , Garden Frances L. , Garnett Sarah P. , Harmer Jason A. , Leeder Stephen R. , Toelle Brett G. , Webb Karen , Baur Louise A. , Celermajer David S.
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVE:

We hypothesized that early weight gain would be associated with incident obesity, higher blood pressure, systemic inflammation, and arterial wall thickening in later childhood.

METHODS:

A longitudinal birth cohort was recruited antenatally from 2 maternity hospitals in Sydney, Australia, between September 1997 and December 1999. Three hundred ninety-five nondiabetic children who were followed to age 8 years had complete data for early weight gain and arterial wall thickness.

RESULTS:

Independent predictors of excess early weight gain (age 0–18 months; adjusted for height gain) included male gender (0.411 kg [SE: 0.103], P < .001), fewer weeks’ gestation (−0.121 kg [SE: 0.044] per week, P = .006), birth length (0.156 kg [SE: 0.024] per cm, P < .001), and failure to breastfeed to 6 months of age (0.498 kg [SE: 0.108], P < .001). Early height-adjusted weight gain was significantly associated with later childhood overweight (odds ratio [OR]: 1.67 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.26 to 2.20] per kg) and obesity (OR: 2.07 [95% CI: 1.53 to 2.79] per kg), excess central adiposity (OR: 1.54 [95% CI: 1.20 to 1.98] per kg), higher systolic blood pressure (1.24 mm Hg [SE: 0.33] per kg, P < .001), higher C-reactive protein (0.17 mg/dL [SE: 0.06] per 100% increase in weight gain, P = .006), and greater carotid intima-media thickness (0.012 mm [SE: 0.004] per kg, P = .002).

CONCLUSIONS:

Early postnatal weight gain from birth to age 18 months is significantly associated with later childhood overweight and obesity, excess central adiposity, and greater arterial wall thickness.
Woodland salamanders as metrics of forest ecosystem recovery: a case study from California's redwoods
Authors: Welsh Hartwell H. , Hodgson Garth R.
Published: May 2013

Woodland (Plethodontid) salamanders occur in huge numbers in healthy forests in North America where the abundances of many species vary along successional gradients. Their high numbers and trophic role as predators on shredder and decomposer arthropods influence nutrient and carbon pathways at the leaf litter/soil interface. Their extreme niche conservatism and low vagility offer further advantages to the use of these salamanders as metrics of forest ecosystem condition. Mill Creek is a 103 km2 commercially logged redwood forest watershed acquired as parkland where original primary forest is being restored. This study evaluated woodland salamanders as metrics of seral recovery at Mill Creek. Surface counts and body condition were examined in four sets of stands, two early seral, one mature, and one of primary forest (never harvested old‐growth). Later seral sites were closer to the coast where fog increased available moisture; younger sites were further inland at higher elevations where fog was reduced. We distinguished the effects of geography and succession using ANCOVA with a PCA‐derived landscape covariate. Both geography and succession increased counts of California Slender Salamanders (Batrachoseps attenuatus); advancing succession alone indicated increased counts of Ensatina (Ensatina eschscholtzii). Means and variances in body condition of these two species were lower in older stands; for the Del Norte salamander (Plethodon elongatus) only the means were lower. Coastal proximity increased mean body condition in E. eschscholtzii, but with P. elongatus it was the opposite. We modeled surface counts and body condition along environmental gradients associated with succession. The counts and body condition in two of three species when taken together suggested that the increased structural complexity in late‐seral forest stands supported larger populations that appeared to be competing for limited resources and, thus, likely have greater population fitness than those in younger forests. B. attenuatus and E. eschscholtzii proved to be viable metrics of advancing succession with their numbers and body condition providing readily quantifiable measures of ecosystem recovery at Mill Creek.
Differences and Similarities in Pairs of Siblings Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence: A Clinical Case Study
Authors: Horn Sarah R. , Hunter Erin C. , Graham-Bermann Sandra A.
Published: May 2013

Although much is known about the effects of intimate partner violence (IPV) on children in general, little is known about sibling differences in adjustment following IPV exposure. The experiences of 2 sibling pairs who participated in an intervention for preschoolers are described using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The 2 sibling pairs illustrate the ways in which exposure to IPV affects children in the same family differently. Although all 4 children experienced fewer posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms following intervention, the adjustment of the younger siblings improved more than their older siblings. The older siblings also had more adjustment problems than their younger siblings, both before and after the program. Results suggest that even though children exposed to IPV in the same family may develop problems in adjustment, they may not express their distress or recover from it in the same way.
Morphological and Functional Parameters in Patients with Tooth Wear before and after Treatment
Authors: Sierpinska Teresa , Kuc Joanna , Golebiewska Maria
Published: May 2013

Advanced tooth wear often results in lost vertical dimension and impacts facial aesthetics. Complex restorative treatment can replace the lost tooth structure and improve functional occlusal and facial skeleton parameters.

Purpose:

The aim of the study is to assess changes in the morphological and functional occlusal parameters of the facial skeleton after prosthetic rehabilitation that increased lost occlusal vertical dimension.

Material and Methodology:

50 patients with advanced tooth wear were clinically examined, to assess the degree of wear. Each subject underwent cephalometric analysis, digital occlusal analysis, and electromyographic analysis, of the anterior temporalis, superficial masetter, anterior digastric, and the sternocleidomastoid muscles. Prosthodontic treatment was performed to restore the occlusal vertical dimension of each subject’s occlusion, which was followed by repeating the pretreatment analyses. Pre and post treatment parameters were statistically compared.

Results:

Pre-treatment cephalometric analysis showed that lost vertical dimension reduced anterior facial height and resulted in small angular skeletal parameters. Post treatment anterior facial height increased from the increased occlusal vertical dimension. The mean value of functional electrical activity during clenching post treatment, increased compared to pretreatment.

Conclusion:

Increasing the vertical dimension of occlusion improved facial aesthetics by positively affecting facial skeletal angles. The restored occlusal surface morphology changed the pre treatment flat broad occlusal contacts into more point contacts. The increased vertical dimension of occlusion after treatment also increased muscle activity levels over the pretreatment levels after three months period of adaptation.
Ammonia‐Based Feedforward and Feedback Aeration Control in Activated Sludge Processes
Authors: Rieger Leiv , Jones Richard M. , Dold Peter L. , Bott Charles B.
Published: May 2013

Aeration control at wastewater treatment plants based on ammonia as the controlled variable is applied for one of two reasons: (1) to reduce aeration costs, or (2) to reduce peaks in effluent ammonia. Aeration limitation has proven to result in significant energy savings, may reduce external carbon addition, and can improve denitrification and biological phosphorus (bio‐P) performance. Ammonia control for limiting aeration has been based mainly on feedback control to constrain complete nitrification by maintaining approximately one to two milligrams of nitrogen per liter of ammonia in the effluent. Increased attention has been given to feedforward ammonia control, where aeration control is based on monitoring influent ammonia load. Typically, the intent is to anticipate the impact of sudden load changes, and thereby reduce effluent ammonia peaks. This paper evaluates the fundamentals of ammonia control with a primary focus on feedforward control concepts. A case study discussion is presented that reviews different ammonia‐based control approaches. In most instances, feedback control meets the objectives for both aeration limitation and containment of effluent ammonia peaks. Feedforward control, applied specifically for switching aeration on or off in swing zones, can be beneficial when the plant encounters particularly unusual influent disturbances.