bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Alcohol on Glycemic Control and Insulin Action
Authors: Steiner Jennifer , Crowell Kristen , Lang Charles
Published: September 2015

Alcohol has profound effects on tissue and whole-body fuel metabolism which contribute to the increased morbidity and mortality in individuals with alcohol use disorder. This review focuses on the glucose metabolic effects of alcohol, primarily in the muscle, liver and adipose tissue, under basal postabsorptive conditions and in response to insulin stimulation. While there is a relatively extensive literature in this area, results are often discordant and extrapolating between models and tissues is fraught with uncertainty. Comparisons between data generated in experimental cell and animals systems will be contrasted with that obtained from human subjects as often times results differ. Further, the nutritional status is also an important component of the sometimes divergent findings pertaining to the effects of alcohol on the regulation of insulin and glucose metabolism. This work is relevant as the contribution of alcohol intake to the development or exacerbation of type 2 diabetes remains ill-defined and a multi-systems approach is likely needed as both alcohol and diabetes affect multiple targets within the body.
A Surgical Perspective on Targeted Therapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Faltermeier Claire , Busuttil Ronald , Zarrinpar Ali
Published: September 2015

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, is difficult to treat and highly lethal. Since HCC is predominantly diagnosed in patients with cirrhosis, treatment planning must consider both the severity of liver disease and tumor burden. To minimize the impact to the patient while treating the tumor, techniques have been developed to target HCC. Anatomical targeting by surgical resection or locoregional therapies is generally reserved for patients with preserved liver function and minimal to moderate tumor burden. Patients with decompensated cirrhosis and small tumors are optimal candidates for liver transplantation, which offers the best chance of long-term survival. Yet, only 20%–30% of patients have disease amenable to anatomical targeting. For the majority of patients with advanced HCC, chemotherapy is used to target the tumor biology. Despite these treatment options, the five-year survival of patients in the United States with HCC is only 16%. In this review we provide a comprehensive overview of current approaches to target HCC. We also discuss emerging diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, novel therapeutic targets identified by recent genomic profiling studies, and potential applications of immunotherapy in the treatment of HCC.
Two-Dimensional Lattice Boltzmann for Reactive Rayleigh–Bénard and Bénard–Poiseuille Regimes
Authors: Rodríguez-Romo Suemi , Ibañez-Orozco Oscar
Published: September 2015

We perform a computer simulation of the reaction-diffusion and convection that takes place in Rayleigh–Bénard and Bénard–Poiseuille regimes. The lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE) is used along with the Boussinesq approximation to solve the non-linear coupled differential equations that govern the systems’ thermo-hydrodynamics. Another LBE, is introduced to calculate the evolution concentration of the chemical species involved in the chemical reactions. The simulations are conducted at low Reynolds numbers and in terms of steady state between the first and second thermo-hydrodynamics instability. The results presented here (with no chemical reactions) are in good agreement with those reported in the scientific literature which gives us high expectations about the reliability of the chemical kinetics simulation. Some examples are provided.
Electro-Plating and Characterisation of CdTe Thin Films Using CdCl2 as the Cadmium Source
Authors: Abdul-Manaf Nor , Salim Hussein , Madugu Mohammad , Olusola Olajide , Dharmadasa Imyhamy
Published: September 2015

Cadmium telluride (CdTe) thin films have been successfully prepared from an aqueous electrolyte bath containing cadmium chloride (CdCl2)·H2O and tellurium dioxide (TeO2) using an electrodeposition technique. The structural, electrical, morphological and optical properties of these thin films have been characterised using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, optical profilometry, DC current-voltage (I-V) measurements, photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. It is observed that the best cathodic potential is 698 mV with respect to standard calomel electrode (SCE) in a three electrode system. Structural analysis using XRD shows polycrystalline crystal structure in the as-deposited CdTe thin films and the peaks intensity increase after CdCl2 treatment. PEC cell measurements show the possibility of growing p-, i- and n-type CdTe layers by varying the growth potential during electrodeposition. The electrical resistivity of the as-deposited layers are in the order of 104 Ω·cm. SEM and AFM show that the CdCl2 treated samples are more roughness and have larger grain size when compared to CdTe grown by CdSO4 precursor. Results obtained from the optical absorption reveal that the bandgap of as-deposited CdTe (1.48–1.52) eV reduce to (1.45–1.49) eV after CdCl2 treatment. Full characterisation of this material is providing new information on crucial CdCl2 treatment of CdTe thin films due to its built-in CdCl2 treatment during the material growth. The work is progressing to fabricate solar cells with this material and compare with CdTe thin films grown by conventional sulphate precursors.
Wind Tunnel Studies of a Pedestrian-Level Wind Environment in a Street Canyon between a High-Rise Building with a Podium and Low-Level Attached Houses
Authors: Kuo Chien-Yuan , Tzeng Chun-Ta , Ho Ming-Chin , Lai Chi-Ming
Published: September 2015

The pedestrian-level wind environment quality in street canyons formed by high-rise buildings and other low-level buildings could be affected by multiple factors, such as the height and geometry of the surrounding buildings, street width, wind direction, and wind speed. This study conducted wind tunnel experiments to determine the characteristics of the pedestrian-level wind environment in street canyons under different conditions, including different street widths, podium heights, and approaching wind directions. The experimental results revealed that the effects of the street canyon width on the pedestrian-level wind in a street canyon can be categorized into three different flow regimes. A higher podium creates stronger wind speeds of the flow within the street canyon, and different approaching wind directions change the high-wind-speed zone within the street canyon accordingly.
The Poet Sings: “Resonance” in Paul Valéry’s Poietics
Authors: Dixon Martin
Published: September 2015

This paper analyses Paul Valéry’s theories relating to his stated goal of poetic production: the attainment of “resonance” and a “singing-state”. My intention is to defend Valéry’s theory as a valid and consistent model of the creative process in poetry. To that end, I will draw support from T. W. Adorno’s claim that Valéry’s manner of reflective journalising in his Notebooks can furnish us with what he calls “aesthetic insight”. The consistency of Valéry’s theory will be supported by comparisons with the inferentialist understanding of semantics. Valéry proves to be a reliable exemplar of what might be called a “practice-led” aesthetics.
Decolonizing Trauma: A Study of Multidirectional Memory in Zadie Smith’s “The Embassy of Cambodia”
Authors: Zapata Beatriz
Published: September 2015

The present article analyses Zadie Smith’s short story “The Embassy of Cambodia” (2013) as a narrative that contributes to the decolonization of trauma studies. In the introduction I will lay out briefly the state of affairs in trauma studies and the relevance of trauma in Smith’s work as represented in White Teeth and NW. For the purpose of this paper, I will provide a close reading of “The Embassy of Cambodia” and I will rely on Michael Rothberg’s theory of multidirectional memory to illustrate how the history of genocide in Cambodia and the history of the protagonist of the story, which is effectively one of slavery, conflate in Smith’s text to bring to the fore silenced histories in a more ethical manner that seeks to put an end to competition and hierarchies within traumatic histories and trauma theory. This paper will explore the different juxtapositions that the story offers between individual and collective experiences of trauma and, in its explorations of multidirectional memory, the juxtaposition of collective histories of suffering.
A Comparative Land Use-Based Analysis of Noise Pollution Levels in Selected Urban Centers of Nigeria
Authors: Baloye. David , Palamuleni Lobina
Published: September 2015

Growth in the commercialization, mobility and urbanization of human settlements across the globe has greatly exposed world urban population to potentially harmful noise levels. The situation is more disturbing in developing countries like Nigeria, where there are no sacrosanct noise laws and regulations. This study characterized noise pollution levels in Ibadan and Ile-Ife, two urban areas of Southwestern Nigeria that have experienced significant increases in population and land use activities. Eight hundred noise measurements, taken at 20 different positions in the morning, afternoon, and evening of carefully selected weekdays, in each urban area, were used for this study. Findings put the average noise levels in the urban centers at between 53 dB(A) and 89 dB (A), a far cry from the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limits in all the land use types, with highest noise pollution levels recorded for transportation, commercial, residential and educational land use types. The result of the one-way ANOVA test carried out on the dependent variable noise and fixed factor land use types reveals a statistically significant mean noise levels across the study area (F(3,34) = 15.13, p = 0.000). The study underscores noise pollution monitoring and the urgent need to control urban noise pollution with appropriate and effective policies.
Combination of MiR-378 and MiR-210 Serum Levels Enables Sensitive Detection of Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Fedorko Michal , Stanik Michal , Iliev Robert , Redova-Lojova Martina , Machackova Tana , Svoboda Marek , Pacik Dalibor , Dolezel Jan , Slaby Ondrej
Published: September 2015

Serum microRNAs are emerging as a clinically useful tool for early and non-invasive detection of various cancer types including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Based on our previous results, we performed the study to analyze circulating serum miR-378 and miR-210 in patients with various histological subtypes of RCC. RNA was purified from blood serum samples of 195 RCC patients and 100 healthy controls. The levels of miR-378 and miR-210 in serum were determined absolutely using quantitative real-time PCR. Pre- and postoperative levels of both microRNAs were compared in 20 RCC patients. Significantly increased serum levels of both miR-378 and miR-210 enabled to clearly distinguish RCC patients and healthy controls with 80% sensitivity and 78% specificity if analyzed in combination (p < 0.0001), and their levels significantly decreased in the time period of three months after radical nephrectomy (p < 0.0001). Increased level of miR-378 positively correlates with disease-free survival (p = 0.036) and clinical stage (p = 0.0476). The analysis of serum miR-378 and miR-210 proved their potential to serve as powerful non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in RCC.
Heavy Metal Induced Antibiotic Resistance in Bacterium LSJC7
Authors: Chen Songcan , Li Xiaomin , Sun Guoxin , Zhang Yingjiao , Su Jianqiang , Ye Jun
Published: September 2015

Co-contamination of antibiotics and heavy metals prevails in the environment, and may play an important role in disseminating bacterial antibiotic resistance, but the selective effects of heavy metals on bacterial antibiotic resistance is largely unclear. To investigate this, the effects of heavy metals on antibiotic resistance were studied in a genome-sequenced bacterium, LSJC7. The results showed that the presence of arsenate, copper, and zinc were implicated in fortifying the resistance of LSJC7 towards tetracycline. The concentrations of heavy metals required to induce antibiotic resistance, i.e., the minimum heavy metal concentrations (MHCs), were far below (up to 64-fold) the minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC) of LSJC7. This finding indicates that the relatively low heavy metal levels in polluted environments and in treated humans and animals might be sufficient to induce bacterial antibiotic resistance. In addition, heavy metal induced antibiotic resistance was also observed for a combination of arsenate and chloramphenicol in LSJC7, and copper/zinc and tetracycline in antibiotic susceptible strain Escherichia coli DH5α. Overall, this study implies that heavy metal induced antibiotic resistance might be ubiquitous among various microbial species and suggests that it might play a role in the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance in metal and antibiotic co-contaminated environments.
An Overview of Predictors for Intrinsically Disordered Proteins over 2010–2014
Authors: Li Jianzong , Feng Yu , Wang Xiaoyun , Li Jing , Liu Wen , Rong Li , Bao Jinku
Published: September 2015

The sequence-structure-function paradigm of proteins has been changed by the occurrence of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). Benefiting from the structural disorder, IDPs are of particular importance in biological processes like regulation and signaling. IDPs are associated with human diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, amyloidoses, and several other maladies. IDPs attract a high level of interest and a substantial effort has been made to develop experimental and computational methods. So far, more than 70 prediction tools have been developed since 1997, within which 17 predictors were created in the last five years. Here, we presented an overview of IDPs predictors developed during 2010–2014. We analyzed the algorithms used for IDPs prediction by these tools and we also discussed the basic concept of various prediction methods for IDPs. The comparison of prediction performance among these tools is discussed as well.
On a Discrete Interaction Risk Model with Delayed Claims
Authors: Liu He , Bao Zhenhua
Published: September 2015

We study a discrete-time interaction risk model with delayed claims within the framework of the compound binomial model. Using the technique of generating functions, we derive both a recursive formula and a defective renewal equation for the expected discounted penalty function. As applications, the probabilities of ruin and the joint distributions of the surplus one period to ruin and the deficit at ruin are investigated. Numerical illustrations are also given.
Using Gene Essentiality and Synthetic Lethality Information to Correct Yeast and CHO Cell Genome-Scale Models
Authors: Chowdhury Ratul , Chowdhury Anupam , Maranas Costas
Published: September 2015

Essentiality (ES) and Synthetic Lethality (SL) information identify combination of genes whose deletion inhibits cell growth. This information is important for both identifying drug targets for tumor and pathogenic bacteria suppression and for flagging and avoiding gene deletions that are non-viable in biotechnology. In this study, we performed a comprehensive ES and SL analysis of two important eukaryotic models (S. cerevisiae and CHO cells) using a bilevel optimization approach introduced earlier. Information gleaned from this study is used to propose specific model changes to remedy inconsistent with data model predictions. Even for the highly curated Yeast 7.11 model we identified 50 changes (metabolic and GPR) leading to the correct prediction of an additional 28% of essential genes and 36% of synthetic lethals along with a 53% reduction in the erroneous identification of essential genes. Due to the paucity of mutant growth phenotype data only 12 changes were made for the CHO 1.2 model leading to an additional correctly predicted 11 essential and eight non-essential genes. Overall, we find that CHO 1.2 was 76% less accurate than the Yeast 7.11 metabolic model in predicting essential genes. Based on this analysis, 14 (single and double deletion) maximally informative experiments are suggested to improve the CHO cell model by using information from a mouse metabolic model. This analysis demonstrates the importance of single and multiple knockout phenotypes in assessing and improving model reconstructions. The advent of techniques such as CRISPR opens the door for the global assessment of eukaryotic models.
Biconvex Polymer Microlenses with Tunable Imaging Properties Designed by Janus Droplet Microfluidics
Authors: Nisisako Takasi , Suzuki Haruka , Hatsuzawa Takeshi
Published: September 2015

This work presents a technique for fabricating biconvex polymer microlenses using microfluidics, and then evaluates their tunable optical properties. A glass microfluidic channel was employed to rapidly mass-produce nanoliter-sized biphasic Janus droplets, which consist of a biconvex segment of a photocurable monomer and a concave-convex segment of a non-curable silicone oil that contained a surfactant. Subsequent photopolymerization produces polymeric biconvex spherical microlenses with templated dual curvatures. By changing the flow-rate ratios of the photocurable and non-curable droplet phases in the microfluidic channel, the radii of curvature of the two lens surfaces and the thicknesses of the resultant microlenses can be varied. The resulting biconvex microlenses with different shapes were used in image projection experiments. Different magnification properties were observed, and were consistent with the properties estimated quantitatively from the geometrical parameters of the lenses.
Methanolic Extract of Ganoderma lucidum Induces Autophagy of AGS Human Gastric Tumor Cells
Authors: Reis Filipa , Lima Raquel , Morales Patricia , Ferreira Isabel , Vasconcelos M.
Published: September 2015

Ganoderma lucidum is one of the most widely studied mushroom species, particularly in what concerns its medicinal properties. Previous studies (including those from some of us) have shown some evidence that the methanolic extract of G. lucidum affects cellular autophagy. However, it was not known if it induces autophagy or decreases the autophagic flux. The treatment of a gastric adenocarcinoma cell line (AGS) with the mushroom extract increased the formation of autophagosomes (vacuoles typical from autophagy). Moreover, the cellular levels of LC3-II were also increased, and the cellular levels of p62 decreased, confirming that the extract affects cellular autophagy. Treating the cells with the extract together with lysossomal protease inhibitors, the cellular levels of LC3-II and p62 increased. The results obtained proved that, in AGS cells, the methanolic extract of G. lucidum causes an induction of autophagy, rather than a reduction in the autophagic flux. To our knowledge, this is the first study proving that statement.
Phytotoxic Potential and Biological Activity of Three Synthetic Coumarin Derivatives as New Natural-Like Herbicides
Authors: Araniti Fabrizio , Mancuso Raffaella , Lupini Antonio , Giofrè Salvatore , Sunseri Francesco , Gabriele Bartolo , Abenavoli Maria
Published: September 2015

Coumarin is a natural compound well known for its phytotoxic potential. In the search for new herbicidal compounds to manage weeds, three synthetic derivatives bearing the coumarin scaffold (1–3), synthesized by a carbonylative organometallic approach, were in vitro assayed on germination and root growth of two noxious weeds, Amaranthus retroflexus and Echinochloa crus-galli. Moreover, the synthetic coumarins 1–3 were also in vitro assayed on seedlings growth of the model species Arabidopsis thaliana to identify the possible physiological targets. All molecules strongly affected seed germination and root growth of both weeds. Interestingly, the effects of synthetic coumarins on weed germination were higher than template natural coumarin, pointing out ED50 values ranging from 50–115 µM. Moreover, all synthetic coumarins showed a strong phytotoxic potential on both Arabidopsis shoot and root growth, causing a strong reduction in shoot fresh weight (ED50 values ≤ 60 µM), accompanied by leaf development and a decrease in pigment content. Furthermore, they caused a strong alteration in root growth (ED50 values ≤ 170 µM) and morphology with evident alterations in root tip anatomy. Taken together, our results highlight the promising potential herbicidal activity of these compounds.
Assessing Optimal Flight Parameters for Generating Accurate Multispectral Orthomosaicks by UAV to Support Site-Specific Crop Management
Authors: Mesas-Carrascosa Francisco-Javier , Torres-Sánchez Jorge , Clavero-Rumbao Inmaculada , García-Ferrer Alfonso , Peña Jose-Manuel , Borra-Serrano Irene , López-Granados Francisca
Published: September 2015

This article describes the technical specifications and configuration of a multirotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to acquire remote images using a six-band multispectral sensor. Several flight missions were programmed as follows: three flight altitudes (60, 80 and 100 m), two flight modes (stop and cruising modes) and two ground control point (GCP) settings were considered to analyze the influence of these parameters on the spatial resolution and spectral discrimination of multispectral orthomosaicked images obtained using Pix4Dmapper. Moreover, it is also necessary to consider the area to be covered or the flight duration according to any flight mission programmed. The effect of the combination of all these parameters on the spatial resolution and spectral discrimination of the orthomosaicks is presented. Spectral discrimination has been evaluated for a specific agronomical purpose: to use the UAV remote images for the detection of bare soil and vegetation (crop and weeds) for in-season site-specific weed management. These results show that a balance between spatial resolution and spectral discrimination is needed to optimize the mission planning and image processing to achieve every agronomic objective. In this way, users do not have to sacrifice flying at low altitudes to cover the whole area of interest completely.
Optimisation and Characterisation of Anti-Fouling Ternary SAM Layers for Impedance-Based Aptasensors
Authors: Miodek Anna , Regan Edward , Bhalla Nikhil , Hopkins Neal , Goodchild Sarah , Estrela Pedro
Published: September 2015

An aptasensor with enhanced anti-fouling properties has been developed. As a case study, the aptasensor was designed with specificity for human thrombin. The sensing platform was developed on screen printed electrodes and is composed of a self-assembled monolayer made from a ternary mixture of 15-base thiolated DNA aptamers specific for human thrombin co-immobilised with 1,6-hexanedithiol (HDT) and further passivated with 1-mercapto-6-hexanol (MCH). HDT binds to the surface by two of its thiol groups forming alkyl chain bridges and this architecture protects from non-specific attachment of molecules to the electrode surface. Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), the aptasensor is able to detect human thrombin as variations in charge transfer resistance (Rct) upon protein binding. After exposure to a high concentration of non-specific Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) solution, no changes in the Rct value were observed, highlighting the bio-fouling resistance of the surface generated. In this paper, we present the optimisation and characterisation of the aptasensor based on the ternary self-assembled monolayer (SAM) layer. We show that anti-fouling properties depend on the type of gold surface used for biosensor construction, which was also confirmed by contact angle measurements. We further studied the ratio between aptamers and HDT, which can determine the specificity and selectivity of the sensing layer. We also report the influence of buffer pH and temperature used for incubation of electrodes with proteins on detection and anti-fouling properties. Finally, the stability of the aptasensor was studied by storage of modified electrodes for up to 28 days in different buffers and atmospheric conditions. Aptasensors based on ternary SAM layers are highly promising for clinical applications for detection of a range of proteins in real biological samples.
A Note on an Improved Self-Healing Group Key Distribution Scheme
Authors: Guo Hua , Zheng Yandong , Wang Biao , Li Zhoujun
Published: September 2015

In 2014, Chen et al. proposed a one-way hash self-healing group key distribution scheme for resource-constrained wireless networks in the journal of Sensors (14(14):24358-24380, doi: 10.3390/ s141224358). They asserted that their Scheme 2 achieves mt-revocation capability, mt-wise forward secrecy, any-wise backward secrecy and has mt-wise collusion attack resistance capability. Unfortunately, this paper pointed out that their scheme does not satisfy the forward security, mt-revocation capability and mt-wise collusion attack resistance capability.
A Feasibility Analysis of Land-Based SINS/GNSS Gravimetry for Groundwater Resource Detection in Taiwan
Authors: Chiang Kai-Wei , Lin Cheng-An , Kuo Chung-Yen
Published: September 2015

The integration of the Strapdown Inertial Navigation System and Global Navigation Satellite System (SINS/GNSS) has been implemented for land-based gravimetry and has been proven to perform well in estimating gravity. Based on the mGal-level gravimetry results, this research aims to construct and develop a land-based SINS/GNSS gravimetry device containing a navigation-grade Inertial Measurement Unit. This research also presents a feasibility analysis for groundwater resource detection. A preliminary comparison of the kinematic velocities and accelerations using multi-combination of GNSS data including Global Positioning System, Global Navigation Satellite System, and BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, indicates that three-system observations performed better than two-system data in the computation. A comparison of gravity derived from SINS/GNSS and measured using a relative gravimeter also shows that both agree reasonably well with a mean difference of 2.30 mGal. The mean difference between repeat measurements of gravity disturbance using SINS/GNSS is 2.46 mGal with a standard deviation of 1.32 mGal. The gravity variation because of the groundwater at Pingtung Plain, Taiwan could reach 2.72 mGal. Hence, the developed land-based SINS/GNSS gravimetry can sufficiently and effectively detect groundwater resources.
Quantitative Assessment of Parkinsonian Tremor Based on an Inertial Measurement Unit
Authors: Dai Houde , Zhang Pengyue , Lueth Tim
Published: September 2015

Quantitative assessment of parkinsonian tremor based on inertial sensors can provide reliable feedback on the effect of medication. In this regard, the features of parkinsonian tremor and its unique properties such as motor fluctuations and dyskinesia are taken into account. Least-square-estimation models are used to assess the severities of rest, postural, and action tremors. In addition, a time-frequency signal analysis algorithm for tremor state detection was also included in the tremor assessment method. This inertial sensor-based method was verified through comparison with an electromagnetic motion tracking system. Seven Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients were tested using this tremor assessment system. The measured tremor amplitudes correlated well with the judgments of a neurologist (r = 0.98). The systematic analysis of sensor-based tremor quantification and the corresponding experiments could be of great help in monitoring the severity of parkinsonian tremor.
New Nonlocal Symmetries of Diffusion-Convection Equations and Their Connection with Generalized Hodograph Transformation
Authors: Tychynin Valentyn
Published: September 2015

Additional nonlocal symmetries of diffusion-convection equations and the Burgers equation are obtained. It is shown that these equations are connected via a generalized hodograph transformation and appropriate nonlocal symmetries arise from additional Lie symmetries of intermediate equations. Two entirely different techniques are used to search nonlocal symmetry of a given equation: the first is based on usage of the characteristic equations generated by additional operators, another technique assumes the reconstruction of a parametrical Lie group transformation from such operator. Some of them are based on the nonlocal transformations that contain new independent variable determined by an auxiliary differential equation and allow the interpretation as a nonlocal transformation with additional variables. The formulae derived for construction of exact solutions are used.
L'église Saint- Julien de Marolles-en-Brie et ses rapports avec l'architecture parisienne de la génération de Saint-Denis
Authors: Gardner Stephen
Published: September 2015

Die Kirche Saint- Julien von Marolles-en-Brie und ihre Beziehungen zur Pariser Architektur der Generation von Saint-Denis.

Die Kirche Saint-Julien von Marolles-en-Brie, die etwa 20 km südöstlich von Paris liegt, wird hier im Zusammenhang mit der Generation von Saint-Denis untersucht. Es wird gezeigt, dass diese Kirche in vieler Hinsicht ein Schlüsselwerk ist für das Verständnis des Übergangs von der romanischen zur gotischen Architektur, die sich im zweiten Viertel des 12. Jahrhunderts in der Ile-de-France entwickelt hat. Die Kirche hat Beziehungen zu den ältesten Bauwerken der Oise-Tradition (Morienval, Bury usw.) und zu anderen Bauten der Pariser Umgebung. Ihre nächsten Verwandten in der Hauptstadt sind Saint-Denis (das Werk des zweiten Meisters) und Saint-Pierre-de-Montmartre, welches vielleicht von demselben Architekten geplant worden war wie jener, der Marolles erbaut hatte.
Les fresques romanes de Vicq [Étude technique]
Authors: Kupfer Marcia
Published: September 2015

Le style caractéristique et vigoureux des fresques de Vicq a toujours échappé aux rapprochements faits avec les vestiges subsistant de la peinture monumentale ou de l'enluminure produits dans le centre de la France pendant la première moitié du XIIe siècle. Si les sources formelles de ces fresques continuent à poser problème, l'analyse de leur exécution technique nous permet de soulever la question de la relation entre les pratiques personnelles du peintre et les idées complexes liées au programme. Les habitudes de travail du maître peuvent être reconstituées en examinant les caractéristiques physiques des surfaces peintes. L'étude du réseau des sutures du plâtre jette un éclairage sur les phases préparatoires : la réalisation par étape du programme pictural, l'application du plâtre, la composition des scènes. L'ordre dans lequel progresse la pose du plâtre et la peinture reflète certains principes gouvernant l'ordonnance décorative et thématique de l'ensemble, tout comme la succession du dessin préparatoire et l'application des pigments est un rappel de l'évolution des compositions du peintre de Vicq. La réponse du peintre aux problèmes particuliers inhérents à la technique de la fresque apporte une nouvelle lumière sur sa personnalité artistique.
La fonction liturgique des piliers cantonnés dans la nef de la cathédrale de Laon
Authors: Fernie Éric
Published: September 2015

La fonction liturgique des piliers cantonnés dans la nef de la cathédrale de Laon.

Les quatre piliers cantonnés dans la nef de la cathédrale de Laon ont été considérés comme les vestiges d'un plan formulé pour la nef tout entière, mais abandonné par la suite. Le propos du présent article est qu'au contraire, ces quatre piliers étaient destinés à se différencier des autres, dans l'intention de délimiter le sanctuaire de la Sainte-Croix dans la nef. Les preuves résident dans les textes et autres indications liturgiques qui expliquent l'utilisation de la partie orientale de la nef, et dans les comparaisons avec d'autres églises à piliers de types particuliers.
Saint-Philibert de Tournus. [Histoire - Critique d'authenticité - Étude archéologique du chevet (1009-1019)]
Authors: Henriet Jacques
Published: September 2015

Saint- Philibert de Tournus. Histoire — Critique d'authenticité — Étude archéologique du chevet (1009-1019).

Bien qu'elle soit toujours citée dans les ouvrages consacrés à l'architecture romane ou préromane, l'abbatiale de Tournus n'a jamais fait l'objet d'une étude archéologique détaillée. Dans cette première publication, l'auteur retrace les grandes étapes de l'histoire de l'abbaye et les avatars de celle-ci, grâce au dépouillement des archives de l'époque classique et des dossiers de restauration des XIXe et XXe siècles. Après avoir soumis à un nouvel examen les sources narratives et documentaires du Moyen Âge et comblé les lacunes inhérentes à l'absence de critique d'authenticité, il analyse le parti de la crypte et du sanctuaire qui la surmonte, parti conçu aussitôt après l'incendie de 1007/1008 qui avait dévasté l'édifice antérieur. Au terme de cette recherche, le chevet de Saint-Philibert apparaît comme un témoignage insigne de l'architecture du début du XIe siècle et l'un des premiers exemples, conservé en élévation au moins partiellement, d'un type architectural destiné à une grande fortune dans les siècles ultérieurs : le déambulatoire à chapelles rayonnantes. L'avant-nef et la nef, entreprises vers les années 1035-1040, feront l'objet d'un autre article ; on trouvera toutefois ici une étude de leur décor sculpté, indissociable de celui des parties orientales.
Le chantier de Saint-Hippolyte de Poligny (1414-1457) d'après les comptes de construction
Authors: Jenzer Muriel
Published: September 2015

The building-accounts of Saint- Hippolyte de Poligny, by Muriel Jenzer.

The church of Saint-Hippolyte de Poligny is remarkably well preserved and documented, and precisely dated (1414-1457). Its architecture, with its seemingly traditional taste for murality, expresses in reality certain hesitations due to the changing esthetics of its time. The introduction of penetrating mouldings and the evolution of the supports bespeak the beginning of flamboyant art in Franche-Comté. The city, closely allied to the duke-counts of Burgundy, benefitted for the foundation of its new church from important support bestowed by Jean sans Peur and Philippe le Bon. This contribution was enhanced by the generosity of many patrons, induding the « polinois »Jean Chousat, counsellor to the court of Burgundy. The inhabitants also participated actively from 1427 on ward by financing the construction of the western parts of the edifice. The study of the municipal accounts and those of the sait tax provide the proof. Despite important gaps, these documents constitute a very valuable source. They permit the establishment of a relatively close chronology of construction by clarifying key dates (benediction of the choir in 1427, dedication in 1431) and by outlining the most intense phases of activity. Above ail, they supply countless indications concerning the building site, its structure and operation. They are informative about the provenance and transport of materials, about techniques and materials employed (centering, scaffolding, hoisting devices), as well as about the origin, remuneration and organisation of labour (successive teams, distribution of tasks).
La proportionnalité comme instrument de “conciliation” des normes antagonistes. Regard critique sur l'identification et la résolution des conflits de normes en contentieux constitutionnel comparé
Authors: Georgitsi Evangelia
Published: September 2015

La prolifération spectaculaire des droits fondamentaux a vite confronté la doctrine et la jurisprudence constitutionnelles aux difficultés liées à la satisfaction simultanée de différentes exigences constitutionnelles. La protection efficace de ces droits nécessite souvent l’intervention du législateur qui, se faisant, peut parfois porter atteinte à d’autres normes constitutionnelles. La question qui se pose est dès lors de savoir si l’on se trouve effectivement devant des impératifs contradictoires ou si, au contraire, les normes constitutionnelles concernées peuvent être conciliées par le biais, notamment, d’une interprétation systématique de la Constitution. Cette distinction est pourtant pratiquement absente dans la jurisprudence des juridictions constitutionnelles française, allemande et autrichienne qui optent pour un contrôle indifférencié de la proportionnalité de la concrétisation législative sous la forme d’une «pondération » des différentes exigences constitutionnelles en jeu. Ce contrôle en apparence souple n’offre d’ailleurs aucun instrument de résolution des conflits de normes mais peut, au contraire, en être la source.
La liberté de tester en droit allemand : tendances de la jurisprudence et réformes législatives
Authors: Röthel Anne
Published: September 2015

L’auteur analyse la position actuelle de la liberté de tester en droit des successions allemand. La liberté de tester est limitée non seulement par la réserve légale (Pflichtteilsrecht), mais aussi par l’exercice d’un contrôle judiciaire du contenu des testaments pour éviter les effets de «pression intolérable » sur les testateurs et héritiers. D’autres limites de la liberté de tester résident dans l’interdiction fidéicommissaire ou suivent des pactes successoraux et des testaments communs. Enfin sont présentées les récentes réformes législatives de la réserve légale. L’auteur soutient l’idée de redéfinir la relation entre la liberté de tester et le besoin de limiter cette liberté pour des raisons de protection en cas de défaillance d’autonomie.
1710-2010 : Quel bilan pour le droit d'auteur ? L'influence de la loi britannique de la Reine Anne en France
Authors: Geiger Christophe
Published: September 2015

Alors que l’on fête en 2010 les 300 ans de la première législation sur le droit d’auteur, la loi de la Reine Anne, il est particulièrement intéressant de se pencher sur l’éventuelle influence qu’a pu avoir cette importante loi britannique sur le développement futur du droit d’auteur, en particulier en France. Ce retour historique n’est pas aisé car empreint de nombreuses incertitudes. Il permet cependant de mettre en lumière un certain nombre de principes communs, ainsi qu’un triste constat : pensé à l’origine comme un vecteur de diffusion du savoir, le droit d’auteur est aujourd’hui considéré par beaucoup comme un frein à la création, à l’accès à la culture et à l’éducation. De plus, les créateurs continuent souvent de faire l’objet d’une instrumentalisation dont bénéficient en grande partie d’autres acteurs économiques et beaucoup d’auteurs ne profitent malheureusement que très insuffisamment du système du droit d’auteur qui pourtant porte leur nom. Pour ces raisons, il semble désormais impératif que les partisans du droit d’auteur oeuvrent ensemble pour retrouver son esprit d’origine et tirent enfin toutes les conséquences des évolutions passées.
La gestion des déchets radioactifs et la nécessité d'une loi nucléaire en France
Authors: Colson Jean-Philippe , Schapira Jean-Paul
Published: September 2015

La loi du 30 décembre 1991 relative aux recherches sur la gestion des déchets radioactifs pourrait constituer l'amorce de la législation nucléaire d'ensemble dont la France a besoin.

Si la gestion à court et moyen terme des déchets radioactifs ne pose plus actuellement de difficultés techniques insurmontables et peut faire l'objet d'un encadrement juridique adapté, il n'en va pas de même de la gestion à long terme des déchets à vie longue et/ou haute activité. Les aspects techniques de cette gestion sont encore mal maîtrisés et les incertitudes du long terme se doublent ici d'aspects sociaux-éthiques. L'approche juridique de cette gestion à long terme soulève de nombreuses questions (faut-il organiser l'irréversibilité ? quelle application du principe du pollueur/payeur, du principe de précaution ?) dont la solution, même imparfaite, implique nécessairement le recours à la loi.
La garantie du passif dans les cessions de sites industriels
Authors: Angeli Guillaume
Published: September 2015

The liabhity imposed on the transferor of an industrial site is founded on the duty of disclosure which she owes to the transferee.

Environmental law features a growing number of extended liability clauses imposed on the transferor. Such clauses, known as passive guarantees, may firstly be based on a specific document, namely an environmental audit. Secondly, the vendor of an industrial site may also make an undertaking in respect of the legality and conformity of installations formerly operated on that site. Such a guarantee may take several forms, depending on whether the tansferor agrees to reimburse the costs incurred by the transferee when calling on the guarantee or, on the contrary, to pay these sums directly to the transferee' s environmental creditors. It should be emphasized that the passive guarantee mechanism is potentially fraught for the transferor, who should therefore never enter into one without having full knowledge of the exact state of the site.
Les mortalités lilloises (1328-1369)
Authors: Aubry Martine
Published: September 2015

Een studie over de Rijselse renteniers en andere opzoekingen maken het mogelijk nu te pogen de mortaliteitscurve van de renteniers in een lange période in de xive eeuw te bepalen. Deze studie steunt op de Rijselse stadsrekeningen van die période, en op een steekproef van 385 personen (239 vrouwen en 146 mannen). Zo hebben wij verschillende sterftecurven opgesteld (mannen, vrouwen, mannen en vrouwen samen). Een aantal topjaren vallen op : het zijn 1329, 1333, 1340, 1349 en vooral 1360 en 1367.

Een poging tot verklaring volgt ; men kan alleen maar betreuren dat de stadsrekeningen van Rijsel maar weinig informatie over de doodsoorzaak geven.
L'élection de sépulture d'après les testaments audomarois de la fin du XVe siècle
Authors: Grevet René
Published: September 2015

Le choix d'une sépulture permet d'étudier une part du comportement religieux des fidèles audomarois de la fin du XVe siècle. Dans leurs testaments, ces derniers montrent un souciunanime du corps, une volonté constante de le faire reposer dans l'espace le plus saint qui soit : l'intérieur des églises. Choisissent cette sépulture privilégiée surtout les hommes, souvent ecclésiastiques et surtout riches. Cette étude testamentaire permet aussi d'apprécier la solidarité des vivants et des morts, mais surtout le rôle essentiel dévolu à la paroisse et à son saint patron et, par voie de conséquence, l'indiscutable sécurité psychologique que les Audomarois de la fin du Moyen Age trouvaient auprès de leur clergé.
L'assise sur le commerce des draps à Douai en 1304
Authors: Dhérent Catherine
Published: September 2015

Een dagelijkse rekening van de lakenverkoop in Douai bevindt zich in het archief van het huis « Huit-Prêtres » in de stedelijke bibliotheek. Het onderzoek van de plaats- en familienamen van het aantal dagelijks verkochte stukken laat toe het te dateren en te localiseren : Douai, 1304, het jaar van de slag bij Pevelenberg midden in het Frans-Vlaamse conflict. Men verwacht zich niet aan het beeld van de lakenhandel van Douai dat hier te voorschijn komt : de verkoop is het monopolie niet meer van de Boinebroques en de Saint-Venants, maar in handen van een zeer gediversifieerde groep. Jehan de la Couture verkoopt 40 lakens voor 1252 ponden, Andrieu le Clerc 1 tegen 16 pond. De meerderheid van de 268 zetten geen grote kapitalen op het spel en hebben vaak een ander beroep. Zij gaan ook niet naar de vreemde markten, maar soms komen Normandiërs of Italianen hun produkten van een middelmatige kwaliteit kopen. De lakens van 24 pound worden drie maal meer verkocht dan die van 40 pond en 60 maal meer dan die van 105 pond.

Dit document heeft blijkbaar veel belang voor de studie van de lakenhandel in de XIVe eeuw, maar het is tot nog toe uniek en men kan het dus niet met andere vergelijken.
Illégitimité et abandon d'enfant : la position des provinces du Nord (XVIe-XVIIIe)
Authors: Demars-Sion Véronique
Published: September 2015

Dans les provinces du Nord, la charge des enfants abandonnés incombe aux communautés d'habitants et non aux seigneurs hauts justiciers. Ce statut particulier conduit très tôt les villes soucieuses de limiter leurs obligations à cet égard et d'alléger ainsi leur budget de la charité à élaborer une réglementation elle aussi particulière : c'est ainsi qu'à Lille, à partir du XVIe siècle, les règlements destinés à constater l'accouchement des filles-mères et l'identité du père prétendu se multiplient.

Ce genre de mesure n'est pas spécifique à nos régions : dans d'autres provinces soumises au même statut les communautés d'habitants élaborent des réglementations voisines. L'exemple de la ville de Nantes est très révélateur ; il montre bien qu'en Bretagne comme en Flandre les circonstances influencent le regard porté sur le problème de l'illégitimité, tout particulièrement dans ces rapports avec le phénomène des abandons d'enfants.
A Lille, à la fin du XVIIIe siècle... Documents inédits concernant Michel Lequeux, les artisans-sculpteurs lillois, le plan d'urbanisme de l'Intendant Calonne
Authors: Duthoy Jean-Jacques
Published: September 2015

Des trois documents inédits ici publiés, le premier nous renseigne sur les activités de l'architecte lillois Lequeux pendant son séjour à Paris de 1774 à 1777. Le second est un libelle inspiré par des sculpteurs lillois contre l'architecte de la ville Amé-François Leplus, qu'ils accusent de favoritisme dans l'exercice de ses fonctions. Le troisième document, d'un intérêt plus large, nous fait connaître les projets urbanistiques de l'Intendant Calonne qui rêvait de faire de Lille « une des plus belles villes de l'Europe ». Le programme des travaux prévoyait une nouvelle place au centre de la ville, un nouveau corps de garde, une salle de spectacle, une halle au blé, une Intendance, un monument public à la gloire du roi. Seules la salle de spectacle et l'Intendance furent réalisées par le successeur de Calonne, Charles Esmangart.
Les portions ménagères de marais dans le nord de la France. Les exemples d'Ennevelin et Annappes
Authors: Fourdrignier Marc
Published: September 2015

Les anciens marais de la région ont donné lieu à un mode de jouissance particulier : ils ont été partagés en parts de marais, encore appelées portions ménagères : ce droit est un droit innomé. Datant de la fin du XVIIIe siècle, ce mode de jouissance a traversé les ans pour être encore appliqué à l'heure actuelle. Seule une loi de 1966 a donné la latitude aux communes de supprimer ce régime juridique. Au delà de cet aspect strictement juridique, on s'attache ici à mettre en évidence l'application de la loi à partir de deux exemples communaux : A Ennevelin, commune du Pévèle-Mélantois, on montre comment au début du XIXe siècle la loi a été appliquée et adaptée.

A Annappes, commune de la région lilloise, on montre comment il a pu y avoir un parallèle entre l'émergence d'intérêts privés liés à l'immobilier et le vote de la loi de 1966.