bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nuclear envelope rupture is induced by actin-based nucleus confinement
Authors: Hatch Emily M. , Hetzer Martin W.
Published: October 2016

Repeated rounds of nuclear envelope (NE) rupture and repair have been observed in laminopathy and cancer cells and result in intermittent loss of nucleus compartmentalization. Currently, the causes of NE rupture are unclear. Here, we show that NE rupture in cancer cells relies on the assembly of contractile actin bundles that interact with the nucleus via the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex. We found that the loss of actin bundles or the LINC complex did not rescue nuclear lamina defects, a previously identified determinant of nuclear membrane stability, but did decrease the number and size of chromatin hernias. Finally, NE rupture inhibition could be rescued in cells treated with actin-depolymerizing drugs by mechanically constraining nucleus height. These data suggest a model of NE rupture where weak membrane areas, caused by defects in lamina organization, rupture because of an increase in intranuclear pressure from actin-based nucleus confinement.
Nuclear envelope rupture: Actin fibers are putting the squeeze on the nucleus
Authors: Lammerding Jan , Wolf Katarina
Published: October 2016

Cells exhibit transient nuclear envelope ruptures during interphase, but the responsible biophysical processes remain unclear. In this issue, Hatch and Hetzer (2016. J. Cell Biol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201603053) show that actin fibers constrict the nucleus, causing chromatin protrusions and nuclear membrane ruptures at sites with nuclear lamina defects.
Balanced harvesting is the bioeconomic equilibrium of a size-structured Beverton-Holt model
Authors: Plank Michael J.
Published: October 2016

Balanced harvesting (BH) was introduced as an alternative strategy to size-at-entry fishing with the aim of maintaining ecosystem structure and functioning. BH has been criticized on a number of grounds, including that it would require an infeasible level of micromanagement and enforcement. Recent results from a size-spectrum model show that the distribution of fishing mortality across body sizes that emerges from the behaviour of a large number of fishing agents corresponds to BH in a single species. Size-spectrum models differ from classical size-structured models used in fisheries as they are based on a bookkeeping of biomass transfer from prey to predator rather than a von Bertalanffy growth model. Here we investigate a classical Beverton-Holt model coupled with the Gordon-Schaefer harvesting model extended to allow for differential fishing pressure at different body sizes. This models an open-access fishery in which individual fishing agents act to maximize their own economic return. We show that the equilibrium of the harvesting model produces an aggregate fishing mortality that is closely matched to the production at different body sizes, in other words BH of a single species. These results have significant implications because they show that the robustness of BH does not depend on arguments about the relative production levels of small versus large fish.
The use of mobile applications to support self-management for people with asthma: a systematic review of controlled studies to identify features associated with clinical effectiveness and adherence
Authors: Hui Chi Yan , Walton Robert , McKinstry Brian , Jackson Tracy , Parker Richard , Pinnock Hilary
Published: October 2016

Objectives: Telehealth is promoted as a strategy to support self-management of long-term conditions. The aim of this systematic review is to identify which information and communication technology features implemented in mobile apps to support asthma self-management are associated with adoption, adherence to usage, and clinical effectiveness.

Methods: We systematically searched 9 databases, scanned reference lists, and undertook manual searches (January 2000 to April 2016). We include randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasiexperimental studies with adults. All eligible papers were assessed for quality, and we extracted data on the features included, health-related outcomes (asthma control, exacerbation rate), process/intermediate outcomes (adherence to monitoring or treatment, self-efficacy), and level of adoption of and adherence to use of technology. Meta-analysis and narrative synthesis were used.

Results: We included 12 RCTs employing a range of technologies. A meta-analysis (n = 3) showed improved asthma control (mean difference −0.25 [95% CI, −0.37 to −0.12]). Included studies incorporated 10 features grouped into 7 categories (education, monitoring/electronic diary, action plans, medication reminders/prompts, facilitating professional support, raising patient awareness of asthma control, and decision support for professionals). The most successful interventions included multiple features, but effects on health-related outcomes were inconsistent. No studies explicitly reported adoption of and adherence to the technology system.

Conclusion: Meta-analysis of data from 3 trials showed improved asthma control, though overall the clinical effectiveness of apps, typically incorporating multiple features, varied. Further studies are needed to identify the features that are associated with adoption of and adherence to use of the mobile app and those that improve health outcomes.
A Quaternary Ammonium Disinfectant Containing Germinants Reduces Clostridium difficile Spores on Surfaces by Inducing Susceptibility to Environmental Stressors
Authors: Nerandzic Michelle M. , Donskey Curtis J.
Published: October 2016

Exposing Clostridium difficile spores to germinants in a quaternary ammonium matrix was an effective method to reduce environmental contamination by sensitizing the spores, leaving them susceptible to ambient conditions and enhancing killing by acid, high-intensity visible light, and radiation.
Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis Caused by Bartonella henselae: A Case Report of Molecular Diagnostics Informing Nonsurgical Management
Authors: Bartley Patricia , Angelakis Emmanouil , Raoult Didier , Sampath Rangarajan , Bonomo Robert A. , Jump Robin L. P.
Published: October 2016

Identifying the pathogen responsible for culture-negative valve endocarditis often depends on molecular studies performed on surgical specimens. A patient with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome who had an aortic graft, a mechanical aortic valve, and a mitral anulloplasty ring presented with culture-negative prosthetic valve endocarditis and aortic graft infection. Research-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry on peripheral blood samples identified Bartonella henselae. Quantitative PCR targeting the16S-23S ribonucleic acid intergenic region and Western immunoblotting confirmed this result. This, in turn, permitted early initiation of pathogen-directed therapy and subsequent successful medical management of B henselae prosthetic valve endocarditis and aortic graft infection.
Multiplex gene editing by CRISPR-Cpf1 through autonomous processing of a single crRNA array
Authors: Zetsche Bernd , Heidenreich Matthias , Mohanraju Prarthana , Fedorova Iana , Kneppers Jeroen , DeGennaro Ellen M. , Winblad Nerges , Choudhury Sourav R. , Abudayyeh Omar O. , Gootenberg Jonathan S. , Wu Wen Y. , Scott David A. , Severinov Konstantin , van der Oost John , Zhang Feng
Published: October 2016

Microbial CRISPR-Cas defense systems have been adapted as a platform for genome editing applications built around the RNA-guided effector nucleases, such as Cas9. We recently reported the characterization of Cpf1, the effector nuclease of a novel type V-A CRISPR system, and demonstrated that it can be adapted for genome editing in mammalian cells (Zetsche et al., 2015). Unlike Cas9, which utilizes a trans-activating crRNA (tracrRNA) as well as the endogenous RNaseIII for maturation of its dual crRNA:tracrRNA guides (Deltcheva et al., 2011), guide processing of the Cpf1 system proceeds in the absence of tracrRNA or other Cas (CRISPR associated) genes (Zetsche et al., 2015) (Figure 1a), suggesting that Cpf1 is sufficient for pre-crRNA maturation. This has important implications for genome editing, as it would provide a simple route to multiplex targeting. Here, we show for two Cpf1 orthologs that no other factors are required for array processing and demonstrate multiplex gene editing in mammalian cells as well as in the mouse brain by using a designed single CRISPR array.
Towards a successful translocation of captive slow lorises (Nycticebusspp.) in Borneo: a review and recommendations
Authors: van der Sandt C. M. G.
Published: October 2016

Wildlife in Southeast Asia is under threat mainly due to habitat loss and the illegal animal trade. Wild animals are rescued by wildlife centres and the slow loris (Nycticebusspp.) is one of them. After rehabilitation slow lorises are released into the wild and on average 26% is observed alive after at least ten weeks.

The IUCN has established conditions under which captive wild animals can be translocated into their natural habitat. This review paper aims to give an overview of what has been published on release programs of captive slow lorises in order to improve translocations in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Five documented studies on translocation of slow lorises are summarised. I concentrated on: (1) species of captive slow loris, (2) health check, (3) pre-release habituation, (4) soft or hard release, (5) pre and post-release behavioural observations, (6) assessment of the release area: predators, habitat and protection. The recommendations for future releases are: (1) Study which slow loris species are rehabilitated in Bornean wildlife centres. (2) Study the behaviour of captive slow lorises. (3) Assess the slow loris species in the release area. (4) Study the behaviour and habitat use of the wild population. (5) Assess what predators are present in the release area.
Identification of a Zika NS2B-NS3pro pocket susceptible to allosteric inhibition by small molecules including qucertin rich in edible plants
Authors: Lim Liangzhong , Roy Amrita , Song Jianxing
Published: October 2016

It has been recently estimated that one-third of the world population will be infected by Zika virus, but unfortunately so far there is no vaccine or medicine available. In particular, the special concern on the vaccine treatment to Zika and Dengue arising from antibody-dependent enhancement strongly emphasizes the irreplaceable role of its NS2B-NS3 protease (NS2B-NS3pro) as a target for anti-Zika drug discovery/design due to its absolutely-essential role in viral replication. Very recently we identified two small molecules inhibit Zika NS2B-NS3pro in non-competitive mode, withKivalues of 0.57 and 2.02 µM respective for p-Nitrophenyl-p-guanidino benzoate and qucertin. Here, by molecular docking, we show that although one is designed compound while another is a natural product, both molecules bind to the same pocket on the back of the substrate-binding pocket of Zika NS2B-NS3pro. As the two inhibitors fundamentally differ from cn-716, the only known peptidomimetic boronic acid inhibitor in both structure scaffolds and inhibitory modes, our discovery might open up a new avenue for the future development of allosteric inhibitors, which is highly demanded to achieve therapeutic inhibition of flaviviral NS2B-NS3pro complexes. Furthermore, as qucertin is abundant in many vegetables and fruits such caper, lovage, tea and red onion, our results should benefit the public to immediately fight Zika virus.
Use of whole-genome sequencing in the epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni infections: state-of-knowledge
Authors: Llarena Ann-Katrin , Rossi Mirko
Published: October 2016

High-throughput whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is a revolutionary tool in public health microbiology and is gradually substituting classical typing methods in surveillance of infectious diseases. In combination with epidemiological methods, WGS is able to identify both sources and transmission-pathways during disease outbreak investigations. This review provides the current state of knowledge on the application of WGS in the epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni, the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the European Union. We describe how WGS has improved surveillance and outbreak detection of C. jejuni infections and how WGS has increased our understanding of the evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics of this pathogen. However, the full implementation of this methodology in real-time is still hampered by a few hurdles. The limited insight into the genetic diversity of different lineages of C. jejuni impedes the validity of assumed genetic relationships. Furthermore, efforts are needed to reach a consensus on which analytic pipeline to use and how to define the strains cut-off value for epidemiological association while taking the needs and realities of public health microbiology in consideration. Even so, we claim that ample evidence is available to support the benefit of integrating WGS in the monitoring of C. jejuni infections and outbreak investigations.
Crystal structure and RNA-binding properties of an Hfq homolog from the deep-branching Aquificae: Conservation of the lateral RNA-binding mode
Authors: Stanek Kimberly A , West Jennifer P , Randolph Peter S , Mura Cameron
Published: October 2016

Synopsis

The structure of an Hfq homolog from the deep-branching thermophilic bacteriumAquifex aeolicus, determined to 1.5-Å resolution both inapoform and bound to a uridine-rich RNA, reveals a conserved, pre-organized RNA-binding pocket on the lateral rim of the Hfq hexamer.

The host factor Hfq, as the bacterial branch of the Sm family, is an RNA-binding protein involved in post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA expression and turnover. Hfq facilitates pairing between small regulatory RNAs (sRNA) and their corresponding mRNA targets by binding both RNAs and bringing them into close proximity. Hfq homologs self-assemble into homo-hexameric rings, with at least two distinct surfaces that bind RNA. Recently, another binding site—dubbed the ‘lateral rim’—has been implicated in sRNA•mRNA annealing; the RNA-binding properties of this site appear to be rather subtle, and its degree of evolutionary conservation is unknown. An Hfq homolog has been identified in the phylogenetically deep-branching thermophileAquifex aeolicus(Aae), but little is known about the structures and functions of Hfq from basal bacterial lineages such as the Aquificae. Thus, we have cloned, overexpressed, purified, crystallized, and biochemically characterizedAaeHfq. We have determined the structures ofAaeHfq in space-groupsP1 andP6, both to 1.5 Å resolution, and we have discovered nanomolar-scale binding affinities for uridine- and adenosine-rich RNAs. Co-crystallization with U6RNA reveals that the outer rim of theAaeHfq hexamer features a well-defined binding pocket that is selective for uracil. ThisAaeHfq structure, combined with biochemical and biophysical characterization of the homolog, reveals deep evolutionary conservation of the lateral RNA-binding mode, and lays a foundation for further studies of Hfq-associated RNA biology in ancient bacterial phyla.
Oligodendrocytes in the mouse optic nerve originate in the preoptic area
Authors: Ono Katsuhiko , Yoshii Kengo , Tominaga Hiroyuki , Gotoh Hitoshi , Nomura Tadashi , Takebayashi Hirohide , Ikenaka Kazuhiro
Published: October 2016

The present study aims to examine the origin of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) in the mouse optic nerve (ON) by labeling OPCs in the fetal forebrain. The labeling of OPCs in the ON was performed by injection of a retrovirus vector carrying thelacZgene into the lateral ventricle, or by inducible Cre/loxP of Olig2-positive cells. The retrovirus labeling revealed that ventricular zone-derived cells of the fetal forebrain relocated to the ON and differentiated into oligodendrocytes. In addition, lineage tracing of Olig2-positive cells and whole mount staining of PDGFRα-positive cells demonstrated that OPCs appeared by E12.5 in the preoptic area, and spread caudally to enter the ON. Our results also suggest that OPCs generated during the early stage are depleted from the ON after maturation.
Using bonus and awards for motivating project employees
Authors: Law Chuck C.H.
Published: October 2016

Purpose

This paper aims to discuss the appropriate uses of bonuses and award in recruiting and motivating project employees.

Design/methodology/approach

It is a conceptual discussion of human resources management (HRM) practices, supported by the author’s professional experience and observations in real-life project settings.

Findings

Bonuses and awards not only provide extrinsic financial rewards but also provide positive feedback to recipients. Extrinsic financial benefits (such as sign-on bonus, and retention bonus) may enhance the total compensation package and positively affect an employee’s job-related decision at least for the short term. He/she may accept a job offer or choose to stay on a project longer until the completion of a critical milestone because of the bonuses. However, positive recognition of employee performance (through the use of spot award, holiday award, or non-financial certificate of appreciation) is also a useful means to motivate employees. In addition, managers on international assignments need to pay attention to practices specific to host countries.

Practical implications

The practices discussed in this paper are based on real-life experience and observations. When they are used properly in conjunction with other HRM arrangements, bonuses and awards can be used to mitigate and delay turnover, and to motivate employees to increase their work performance.

Originality/value

This paper not only draws on theories and information from the HRM and project management literature but also draws from the author’s own management experience. Thus, the relevance and validity of the proposed concepts and practices have been proven in actual functional and project management settings.
Moderate Alcohol Consumption and Chronic Disease: The Case for a Long‐Term Trial
Authors: Mukamal Kenneth J. , Clowry Catherine M. , Murray Margaret M. , Hendriks Henk F.J. , Rimm Eric B. , Sink Kaycee M. , Adebamowo Clement A. , Dragsted Lars O. , Lapinski P. Scott , Lazo Mariana , Krystal John H.
Published: October 2016

Drinking within recommended limits is highly prevalent in much of the world, and strong epidemiological associations exist between moderate alcohol consumption and risk of several major chronic diseases, including coronary heart disease, diabetes, and breast cancer. In many cases, plausible biological mediators for these associations have been identified in randomized trials, but gold standard evidence that moderate drinking causes or prevents any chronic disease remains elusive and important concerns about available evidence have been raised. Although long‐term randomized trials to test the observed associations have been termed impossible, clinical investigators have now successfully completed randomized trials of complex nutritional interventions in a variety of settings, along with trials of alcohol consumption itself of up to 2 years duration. The successful completion of these trials suggests that objections to the execution of a full‐scale, long‐term clinical trial of moderate drinking on chronic disease are increasingly untenable. We present potential lessons learned for such a trial and discuss key features to maximize its feasibility and value.
Second‐Trimester Ultrasound as a Tool for Early Detection of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Montag Annika C. , Hull Andrew D. , Yevtushok Lyubov , Zymak‐Zakutnya Natalya , Sosyniuk Zoryana , Dolhov Viktor , Jones Kenneth Lyons , Wertelecki Wladimir , Chambers Christina D. ,   the CIFASD
Published: October 2016

Background

Early detection of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) is desirable to allow earlier and more comprehensive interventions to be initiated for the mother and infant. We examined prenatal ultrasound as an early method of detecting markers of the physical features and neurobehavioral deficits characteristic of FASD.

Methods

A longitudinal cohort of pregnant women in Ukraine was recruited as part of the Collaborative Initiative on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. Women were enrolled into a moderately to heavy‐alcohol‐exposed group or a low‐ or no‐alcohol exposure group and were followed to pregnancy outcome. In the second trimester, a fetal ultrasound was performed to measure transverse cerebellar diameter, occipital frontal diameter (OFD), caval–calvarial distance, frontothalamic distance (FTD), interorbital distance (IOD), outer orbital diameter, and orbital diameter (OD). Live born infants received a dysmorphological examination and a neurobehavioral evaluation using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. These data were used to classify infants with respect to FASD. Comparisons were made on the ultrasound measures between those with and without features of FASD, adjusting for gestational age at ultrasound and maternal smoking.

Results

A total of 233 mother/child dyads were included. Children classified as FASD had significantly longer IOD and lower FTD/IOD, OFD/IOD, and FTD/OD ratios (p < 0.05). Children with a Bayley score <85 had significantly shorter FTD, longer IOD, lower OFD/IOD, and FTD/IOD ratios (p < 0.05). In general, mean differences were small. Ultrasound variables alone predicted <10% of the variance in the FASD outcome.

Conclusions

Some ultrasound measurements were associated with FASD, selected facial features of the disorder, and lower neurobehavioral scores. However, mean differences were relatively small, making it difficult to predict affected children based solely on these measures. It may be advantageous to combine these easily obtained ultrasound measures with other data to aid in identifying high risk for an FASD outcome.
Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Pair Feeding Differentially Impact Puberty and Reproductive Development in Female Rats: Role of the Kisspeptin System
Authors: Sliwowska Joanna Helena , Comeau Wendy L. , Bodnar Tamara S. , Ellis Linda , Weinberg Joanne
Published: October 2016

Background

Reproductive maturation is initiated with the onset of puberty, which activates the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal axis and coincidences with increased expression of the hormone kisspeptin within the hypothalamus. Maturational events are sensitive to environmental factors, including alcohol, which is known to delay reproductive development. We hypothesized that, similar to alcohol's adverse effects during reproductive maturation, prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) would alter pubertal markers, sex hormone profiles, and kisspeptin expression in the hypothalamus.

Methods

Female offspring from control (C), pair‐fed (PF), and PAE groups were sacrificed prior to puberty onset (postnatal day [PND] 30), during puberty [PND 35], or in adulthood [PND 65]. Estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), prolactin, and luteinizing hormone levels, and Kiss1 mRNA expression were measured in the arcuate (ARC) and anteroventral periventricular (AVPV) nuclei of the hypothalamus. Pubertal markers (vaginal opening [VO], uterus/body wt ratio) were assessed.

Results

Our findings indicate that (i) PAE inhibits the expected increases in E2 levels with age and delays maturational increases of P4 levels; (ii) PAE and pair feeding have similar adverse effects on VO and uterus/body wt ratio; (iii) differential relationships between PRL and P4 suggest that different mechanisms may underlie delayed maturation in PAE and PF; that is, PF females have low PRL levels and no increase in P4 with age, whereas PAE animals, despite low PRL, show the expected age‐related increase in P4; and (iv) there is higher mean density of Kiss1 mRNA in the ARC of adult PAE females and altered Kiss1 expression in the AVPV of both PAE and PF females.

Conclusions

PAE and pair feeding have some overlapping but important differential effects on hormonal profiles and Kiss1 mRNA expression during reproductive development. Preadolescent alterations in Kiss1 expression in the AVPV and ARC, which may change the balance of function in these 2 nuclei, may differentially contribute to delayed reproductive maturation in PAE and PF compared to C females.
Superficial malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor with overlying intradermal melanocytic nevus mimicking spindle cell melanoma
Authors: Jackson Christopher R. , Minca Eugen C. , Kapil Jyoti P. , Smith Steven Christopher , Billings Steven D.
Published: October 2016

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors are rare soft tissue sarcomas with histological and immunohistochemical similarities to spindle cell melanoma. Although spindle cell melanoma is significantly more common, both tumors may express S100 and lack staining for HMB‐45, Melan‐A or MITF. Here we present a case of superficial malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor with diffuse S100 positivity arising in a subtle neurofibroma in close proximity to an intradermal melanocytic nevus. This configuration had led to prior misdiagnosis as a desmoplastic melanoma arising in the nevus and to sentinel lymph node biopsy. Identification of the background neurofibroma, as well as CD34 positivity raised consideration of a low grade malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, which was confirmed via observation of Schwannian differentiation on electron microscopy. The importance of distinguishing these two tumors is stressed owing to the difference in management.
Could metformin be used in patients with diabetes and advanced chronic kidney disease?
Authors: Chowdhury Tahseen A. , Srirathan Danushan , Abraham Georgi , Oei Elizabeth L. , Fan Stanley L. , McCafferty Kieran , Yaqoob M. Magdi
Published: October 2016

Diabetes is an important cause of end stage renal failure worldwide. As renal impairment progresses, managing hyperglycaemia can prove increasingly challenging, as many medications are contra‐indicated in moderate to severe renal impairment. Whilst evidence for tight glycaemic control reducing progression to renal failure in patients with established renal disease is limited, poor glycaemic control is not desirable, and is likely to lead to progressive complications. Metformin is a first‐line therapy in patients with Type 2 diabetes, as it appears to be effective in reducing diabetes related end points and mortality in overweight patients. Cessation of metformin in patients with progressive renal disease may not only lead to deterioration in glucose control, but also to loss of protection from cardiovascular disease in a cohort of patients at particularly high risk. We advocate the need for further study to determine the role of metformin in patients with severe renal disease (chronic kidney disease stage 4‐5), as well as patients on dialysis, or pre‐/peri‐renal transplantation. We explore possible roles of metformin in these circumstances, and suggest potential key areas for further study.
SENTIMENT BIAS AND ASSET PRICES: EVIDENCE FROM SPORTS BETTING MARKETS AND SOCIAL MEDIA
Authors: Feddersen Arne , Humphreys Brad R. , Soebbing Brian P.
Published: October 2016

Previous research using attendance‐based proxies for sentiment bias in sports betting markets confirmed the presence of investor sentiment in these markets. We use data from social media (Facebook “Likes”) to proxy for sentiment bias and analyze variation in bookmakers' prices investor sentiment. Based on betting data from seven professional sports leagues in Europe and North America, we find evidence that bookmakers increase prices for bets on teams with relatively more Facebook “Likes,” indicating the presence of price‐insensitive investors with sentiment bias. These price changes do not affect informational efficiency in this market. (JEL L81, G14)
Antibiotic resistance and repetitive‐element PCR fingerprinting in Aeromonas veronii isolates
Authors: Chung T‐H , Yi S‐W , Shin G‐W
Published: October 2016

This study evaluated antibiotic resistance and the related genes in total 47 Aeromonas veronii isolates from pet fish, eel (Anguilla japonica) and koi (Cyprinus carpio) in Korea. In comparison with the antibiotic susceptibilities of isolates from eel and koi, those of pet fish were more resistant to ceftiofur, aminoglycosides, tetracycline and nitrofurantoin. And isolates from pet fish showed high prevalences of class 1 integron, quinolones and tetracycline resistance determinants than those from eel and koi. Repetitive‐element palindromic PCR (rep‐PCR) showed larger diversities among A. veronii isolates. Collectively, pet fish may be a reservoir for multiple clones of A. veronii involved in antibiotic resistance. In this aspect, imported fish in the aquaculture trade should be steadily and continually screened for bacterial antibiotic resistance and related genes.
Fitness‐related consequences shed light on the mechanisms of covering and sheltering behaviors in the sea urchin Glyptocidaris crenularis
Authors: Zhao Chong , Bao Zhenmin , Chang Yaqing
Published: October 2016

We know of no comparative assessment on the benefits and costs of long‐term covering and sheltering behaviors in sea urchins. The present study investigated the long‐term effects of conditions suitable for sheltering and covering behaviors on fitness‐related traits of sea urchins Glyptocidaris crenularis. In general, conditions suitable for covering and sheltering behaviors significantly affected the fitness‐related traits of G. crenularis in a long‐term laboratory study of 31 months. Glyptocidaris crenularis kept in conditions suitable for sheltering behavior (bricks with openings) showed significantly lower test size, body weight, organ (test, lantern, gonad and gut) weights, gonad index and slower gonad development than those kept in conditions suitable for covering behavior (presence of shells) and the control conditions (without conditions for covering and sheltering). However, the index of maximum pressure resistance of the test was significantly higher in G. crenularis kept in the sheltering conditions than those in the covering and control conditions. The present study provides new insight into the mechanisms of covering and sheltering behaviors and has implications for the conservation and aquaculture of sea urchins.
Temporal variability of sedimentation rates and mobile fauna inside and outside a gorgonian garden
Authors: Valisano Laura , Notari Francesca , Mori Mario , Cerrano Carlo
Published: October 2016

Paramuricea clavata (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) is an important ecosystem engineer of coralligenous assemblages increasingly threatened by anthropogenic activities and climate changes. As climate warming is predicted to continue in the coming years it is important to hypothesize future scenarios. Here we tested the influence of gorgonian colonies on sedimentation rates and vagile fauna trends, comparing sediments collected by traps inside and outside a gorgonian garden, in a coralligenous community of the Western Ligurian Sea, at 32 m depth, over a period of 1 year. The results indicated that sea fans created a sort of homeostatic effect on the surrounding habitat. We found evidence that where gorgonian colonies were present, the monthly fluctuations of sediments rate were lower than outside a garden. Gorgonian colonies also influenced the distribution of the associated vagile fauna; these organisms were generally more abundant inside than outside the garden. The data collected in this work appear to confirm the role of P. clavata as an ecosystem engineer, affecting biomass and variability of the surrounding habitat at both spatial and temporal scales.
Taxonomic sufficiency and the influence of rare species on variation partitioning analysis of a polychaete community
Authors: Checon Helio H. , Amaral Antonia C. Z.
Published: October 2016

Variation partitioning is an important tool to investigate the importance of spatial structure to species distribution in communities, but its use is lacking in marine ecosystems. The influence of rare species and the level of taxonomic resolution are important features to be considered when planning sampling designs and efforts for community studies. We tested the significance of spatial and environmental components to species distribution of a polychaete community, considering how the results varied among models with increasingly rare species (and contrasting metrics), and among models with distinct taxonomic levels. For all models evaluated, both spatial and environmental components significantly explained the structure of species distribution. However, spatial processes explained a higher percentage of variance than environmental ones in almost all models. The inclusion of rare species did not influence the outcome in most models, with the exception of a Chi‐square distance model with all species included. Family taxonomic level was sufficient to detect the relative contribution of both components, but the number of environmental variables included in the model was higher for the genus level. The influence of rare species was related to the metric applied to the analysis. If weight to rare species is not desirable, the use of a few dominant species coupled with the Hellinger function can provide a good surrogate to the whole sampled community in variation partition analysis. The genus level is suggested as an appropriate taxonomic level with which to evaluate the relevance of spatial and environmental components in polychaete community studies.
Tag Me, Tweet Me if You Want to Reach Me: An Investigation Into How Sports Fans Use Social Media
Authors: Haugh Betsy R. , Watkins Brandi
Published: October 2016

As social media continue to redefine communication between sports organizations and fans, increased scholarly attention is needed to understand why sports fans use various platforms to engage with their favorite teams. Based on research from Hanna, Rohm, and Crittenden suggesting that companies should view social-media platforms as pieces of an integrated network rather than focusing exclusively on 1 platform, this study investigated the various social-media platforms sports fans use and their motivation for doing so. Through a survey of college-age sports fans, the research found that there is no significant relationship between level of team identification and intensity of social-media use, but team identification and gender can predict the use of certain social-media platforms for sports fans. In addition, a clear pattern for social-media use by sports fans emerged, culminating in the development of the Social-Media Ecosystem for Sports Fans.
Belated Analyses of Three Credit-Based Adaptive Polling Algorithms
Authors: Tse Savio S. H.
Published: October 2016

We study the problem of credit-based adaptive polling in undirected arbitrary point-to-point asynchronous networks. Polling consists of two rounds, namely propagation (broadcast) and feedback (confirmation, response) rounds. By adaptive polling, a spanning tree of unknown topology is built dynamically during the propagation round, and feedback messages are free to choose their paths back to the initiator — a specific node who initiates the polling algorithm. The freedom in the feedback round relies on the use of credits in the propagation round. We re-visit three existing algorithms and analyse their average case communication bit complexities incurred by the credits in the propagation round, and these analyses match with the numerical results. We also give an optimal lower bound on the worst case bit message complexity for the case when the number of nodes in the network is unknown.
Secret Sharing Schemes from Linear Codes overFp + vFp
Authors: Wang Xianfang , Gao Jian , Fu Fang-Wei
Published: October 2016

In principle, every linear code can be used to construct a secret sharing scheme. However, determining the access structure of the scheme is a very difficult problem. In this paper, we study MacDonald codes over the finite non-chain ring [Formula: see text], where p is a prime and [Formula: see text]. We provide a method to construct a class of two-weight linear codes over the ring. Then, we determine the access structure of secret sharing schemes based on these codes.
Self-Stabilizing Prefix Tree Based Overlay Networks
Authors: Caron Eddy , Datta Ajoy K. , Petit Franck , Tedeschi Cédric
Published: October 2016

Computing over large platforms calls for the ability to maintain distributed structures at large scale. Among the many different structures proposed in this context, the prefix tree structure has been identified as an adequate one for indexing and retrieving information. One weakness of using such a distributed structure stands in its poor native fault tolerance, leading to the use of preventive costly mechanisms such as replication.

Self-stabilization is a suitable approach to design reliable solutions for dynamic systems, and was recently enhanced with new models to be able to deal with large scale dynamic platforms. A self-stabilizing system is guaranteed to reach a correct configuration, whatever its initial state is. Following this path, it is becoming possible to make distributed structures self-stabilizing at large scale.

In this paper, we focus on making tries self-stabilizing over such platforms, and propose a self-stabilizing maintenance algorithm for a prefix tree using a message passing model. The proof of self-stabilization is provided, and simulation results are given, to better capture its performances. Still based on simulations, we provide evidences that the protocol, beyond its capacity to repair the structure, can significantly improve the system’s availability, even when the system is not yet stabilized.
Abelian Complexity and Frequencies of Letters in Infinite Words
Authors: Cassaigne Julien , Kaboré Idrissa
Published: October 2016

Abelian complexity in infinite words is a combinatorial tool which developed essentially during the last five years. In this paper, we undertake to establish connections between abelian complexity and uniform frequencies in infinite words. In particular, we focus on the binary case to link uniform equi-frequency with abelian complexity. We also provide various examples of infinite words to illustrate the absence of connection between usual complexity and abelian complexity. Some properties involving uniform recurrence are also given.
Angular-dependent magnetic torque in iron-pnictide BaFe2−xNixAs2
Authors: Zhang Wei , Luo Huiqian , Zhang Rui , Lu Xingye , Xu Bing , Wang Kai , Yang Run , Liu Jinyun , Yang Hao , Qiu Xianggang
Published: October 2016

Angular-dependent torque measurements have been performed on the electron doped iron-pnictide superconductors BaFe[Formula: see text]NixAs2 with series of Ni concentrations. In the superconducting state, an irreversibility, as the evidence for the presence of vortex, is observed between the torque measured with increasing and decreasing angle. Our results in underdoped samples [Formula: see text] show that the irreversible torque signal survives up to a temperature [Formula: see text] well above the superconducting transition temperature [Formula: see text], suggesting the existence of superconducting vortices above [Formula: see text], which is likely to originate from superconducting fluctuations.
Nonlinear analysis of a new car-following model accounting for the global average optimal velocity difference
Authors: Peng Guanghan , Lu Weizhen , He Hongdi
Published: October 2016

In this paper, a new car-following model is proposed by considering the global average optimal velocity difference effect on the basis of the full velocity difference (FVD) model. We investigate the influence of the global average optimal velocity difference on the stability of traffic flow by making use of linear stability analysis. It indicates that the stable region will be enlarged by taking the global average optimal velocity difference effect into account. Subsequently, the mKdV equation near the critical point and its kink–antikink soliton solution, which can describe the traffic jam transition, is derived from nonlinear analysis. Furthermore, numerical simulations confirm that the effect of the global average optimal velocity difference can efficiently improve the stability of traffic flow, which show that our new consideration should be taken into account to suppress the traffic congestion for car-following theory.
Emergence of ferromagnetism in conducting polymers in the presence of lattice vibrations
Authors: Gulacsi M. , Gulacsi Z.
Published: October 2016

The emergence of ferromagnetism in conducting polymers is well known, however, the influence of lattice vibrations has not been analyzed yet. Hereafter, we fill this gap by studying the common effect of strong correlations and lattice vibrations in hole doped conjugated polymers. The results underline that away from system half-filling, the lattice vibrations have negligible effect on the studied ordered phase.
Modeling of optical losses in graphene contacted CIGS solar cells
Authors: Houshmand Mohammad , Zandi M. Hossein
Published: October 2016

For the first time, an optical model is applied to superstrate configuration of CdS/CIGS thin film solar cells with graphene front/back contact (FC/BC) to simulate the loss in current density and efficiency. Graphene shows to be a great candidate to replace with the metallic BC transparent conductive oxides as the front electrode. Our model is based on the refractive index and extinction coefficient and takes into account the reflection and absorption in interfaces and layer’s thickness, respectively. CIGS cells with graphene as front electrode have a lower current density and efficiency than the one with graphene BC. However, the bifacial configuration shows a higher current density and efficiency, mostly because of a higher transmission rate. The interference effect was observed in simulation of transmission rate of hybrid cells representing that graphene can cause multiple reflection. We simulated the device parameters versus the ZnO layer’s thickness, which is essential for high quality interfaces. However, the simulation results are also consistent when CdS thickness is replaced with inorganic ZnO.
Boron-doped cobalt oxide thin films and its electrochemical properties
Authors: Kerli S.
Published: October 2016

The cobalt oxide and boron-doped cobalt oxide thin films were produced by spray deposition method. All films were obtained onto glass and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates at 400[Formula: see text]C and annealed at 550[Formula: see text]C. We present detailed analysis of the morphological and optical properties of films. XRD results show that boron doping disrupts the structure of the films. Morphologies of the films were investigated by using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Optical measurements indicate that the band gap energies of the films change with boron concentrations. The electrochemical supercapacitor performance test has been studied in aqueous 6 M KOH electrolyte and with scan rate of 5 mV/s. Measurements show that the largest capacitance is obtained for 3% boron-doped cobalt oxide film.
A Joyful Ode to Automatic Orchestration
Authors: Pachet François
Published: October 2016

Most works in automatic music generation have addressed so far
specific
tasks. Such a reductionist approach has been extremely successful and some of these tasks have been solved once and for all. However, few works have addressed the issue of generating automatically fully fledged music material, of human-level quality. In this article, we report on a specific experiment in holistic music generation: the reorchestration of Beethoven’s
Ode to Joy
, the European anthem, in seven styles. These reorchestrations were produced with algorithms developed in the
Flow Machines
project and within a short time frame. We stress the benefits of having had such a challenging and unifying goal, and the interesting problems and challenges it raised along the way.
Simulating Our LifeSteps by Example
Authors: Pelekis Nikos , Sideridis Stylianos , Tampakis Panagiotis , Theodoridis Yannis
Published: October 2016

During the past few decades, a number of effective methods for indexing, query processing, and knowledge discovery in moving object databases have been proposed. An interesting research direction that has recently emerged handles semantics of movement instead of raw spatio-temporal data. Semantic annotations, such as “stop,” “move,” “at home,” “shopping,” “driving,” and so on, are either declared by the users (e.g., through social network apps) or automatically inferred by some annotation method and are typically presented as textual counterparts along with spatial and temporal information of raw trajectories. It is natural to argue that such “spatio-temporal-textual” sequences, called semantic trajectories, form a realistic representation model of the complex everyday life (hence, mobility) of individuals. Towards handling semantic trajectories of moving objects in Semantic Mobility Databases, the lack of real datasets leads to the need to design realistic simulators. In the context of the above discussion, the goal of this work is to realistically simulate the mobility life of a large-scale population of moving objects in an urban environment. Two simulator variations are presented: the core Hermoupolis simulator is parametric driven (i.e., user-defined parameters tune every movement aspect), whereas the expansion of the former, called Hermoupolis
by-example
, follows the generate-by-example paradigm and is self-tuned by looking inside a real small (sample) dataset. We stress test our proposal and demonstrate its novel characteristics with respect to related work.
Agreement in Spins and Social Networks
Authors: Gelenbe Erol
Published: October 2016

We introduce a model of mutually influencing individuals who hold one of two opinions about some matter. This is similar to a system of particles that can have one of two spin states. The model considers N sub-systems where individuals stay for some time, and then move from one subnetwork to another independently of each other, or they may leave the overall network from any one of the sub-systems. They arrive externally to any sub-system according to independent Poisson processes. In each sub-system individuals can influence each other to align with their own opinion or spin, and their opinion can also fluctuate at random in either opinion. The system also allows for a bias or directional field in any of the sub-systems that influences the individuals or spins that are locally present. We show that even with a weak bias, when random fluctuations become small then all the individuals or spins in a given sub-network will align with probability one, to the opinion or spin direction represented by the bias or spin.
Real-Life Treatment Paradigms Show Adalimumab Is Cost-Effective for the Management of Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Beilman Candace L. , Thanh Nguyen Xuan , Ung Victoria , Ma Christopher , Wong Karen , Kroeker Karen I. , Lee Thomas , Wang Haili , Ohinmaa Arto , Jacobs Phil , Halloran Brendan P. , Fedorak Richard N.
Published: October 2016

Background. Adalimumab is effective for the maintenance of remission in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis (UC). Currently, biologic therapies are used in cases where patients fail conventional medical therapies. If biologic therapies are not available, patients often choose to remain in an unwell state rather than undergo colectomy.Objective. The aim of the study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of adalimumab in patients with UC where adalimumab was readily available compared to not available.Methods. A previously validated Markov model was used to simulate disease progression of patients with UC who are corticosteroid-dependent and/or did not respond to thiopurine therapy. Utility scores and transition probabilities between health states were determined by using data from randomized controlled trials and real-life observational studies. Costs were obtained from the Ontario Case Costing Initiative and the Alberta Health Schedule of Medical Benefits.Results. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for readily available adalimumab treatment of UC were $40,000 and $59,000 per quality-adjusted life year, compared with ongoing medical therapy in an unwell state, at 5-year and 10-year treatment time horizons, respectively.Conclusion. Considering real-life patient preferences to avoid colectomy, adalimumab is cost-effective according to a willingness-to-pay threshold of $80,000 for treatment of UC.