bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Physical Education Classroom Teaching after Implementation of the Chinese Health Physical Education Curriculum Model: a Video-Based Assessment
Authors: Chao Liu , Hui LiXiao , HuanHuan Huang , QiuLin Wang
Published: October 2022

This study assessed the Chinese Health Physical Education Curriculum Model recently suggested to meet the recommended physical education curriculum reforms addressing declining physical and mental health of students in China. We used video analyses of 41 physical education classroom teaching cases with a physical education classroom teaching behavior analysis system to provide quantitative and qualitative behavioral data. We established reference ranges for classroom teaching behavior indicators, summarized classroom teaching patterns, and assessed classroom discourse and the emotional climate. Notable findings included teachers in elementary schools using closed-ended questions, predictable response, and general feedback significantly more often that teachers in senior high school, and ball sports instructors using demonstration and competition significantly more frequently than instructors in athletics. Overall, three teaching patterns were most commonly used—lecture, practice, and dialogue—with practice being dominant. Analysis of the top 50 most commonly spoken words by teachers identified five types of discourse—motivational, directive, specialized, transitional, and regulatory—with motivational words being most frequent. The classroom atmosphere was mainly positive. These findings provide evidence that the use of this curriculum model may bring positive changes to physical education classroom teaching methods in China and will inform subsequent innovative physical education classroom teaching practices.
The effect of date seed powder supplementation on glycemic markers and lipid profile in women with overweight and obesity: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hashemzadeh Maral , Miri Hamid Heidarian , Kazemi Asma
Published: October 2022

Objective: The aim of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to investigate the effect of date kernel on glycemic control, lipid profile, and weight in women with overweight and obesity.
Design: One hundred twenty-four women with overweight or obesity were randomly assigned to receive the date kernel supplement or placebo for 12 weeks. Serum HbA1c was measured by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and fasting plasma glucose and lipid profiles by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The participants' dietary intake and physical activity were recorded at baseline.
Results: A total of 98 subjects aged 40.7 years completed the trial (48 in the date kernel group, and 50 in the placebo group). From baseline to 12 weeks, date kernel supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in HbA1c [mean (SD): -0.45 (0.36)] and FPG compared to the placebo [-0.16 (0.27)] (p <0.001). No significant change was observed in the lipid profiles of the total participants. However, date kernel consumption decreased cholesterol and TG in hypercholesterolemic and hypotriglyceridemic participants compared to the placebo.
Conclusion: Overall, 12 weeks of date kernel supplements in overweight or obese women resulted in an improvement in glycemic markers compared with the placebo. In terms of lipid profile, a significant reduction in total cholesterol and TG were observed only in hyperlipidemic subjects.
Study was registered in IRCT.ir under IRCT20211217053429N1.
Aerodynamic Design of Buses Inspired by Beluga Whales
Authors: Arabacı Seda Kırmacı , pakdemirli mehmet
Published: October 2022

New bus designs inspired by the perfect streamlined body shapes of beluga whales are presented. The bodies are drawn using the UNIGRAPHICS program. The drag forces and the drag coefficients of variants of the new bus models are determined both experimentally and numerically. For numerical computations, the drawings are inserted into the ANSYS CFD program for meshing. The drag forces and the drag coefficients corresponding to the various designs are then computed using the FLUENT (solver) and the CFX (result) program. The experimental determination of the drag forces and the drag coefficients are performed in a wind tunnel test. Both numerical and experimental analysis reveals that substantial reductions in drag forces and drag coefficients are possible using the beluga whale inspired buses. Due to the reduced drag, lower fuel consumptions are expected for the new designs.
Comparison of transnasal humidified rapid-insufflation ventilatory exchange and face mask ventilation on safe apneic duration in elderly minimally-toothed patients：A Randomized Controlled Tria
Authors: Wang Wan-Ling , Wang Shuai , Xu Ya-Jie , Zhang Wen-Wen , Zhang Yong , Zhang Chen , Yin Jia-Lin , Bao Hong-Guang , Wang Xiao-Liang
Published: October 2022

Objective: To compare the effect of THRIVE with face mask ventilation on oxygenation and safe apneic duration after induction of general anesthesia in elderly minimally-toothed patients.
Method:Single university-affiliated hospital, conducted from October 2021 to December 2021. Totally 50 patients aged ≥ 65 years with ≥ 10 missing teeth, American Society of Anesthesiology physical status I-III, Mallampati class I-II, who underwent elective surgery under general anesthesia with tracheal intubation, were randomly enrolled and assigned to a facemask group (Group M) and a THRIVE group (Group T) with a random number table. Patients in Group M were pre-oxygenated with a facemask (100% oxygen at a flow rate of 6 L/min). In Group T, patients with their mouths closed were pre-oxygenated via THRIVE (100% oxygen at a flow rate of 30 L/min). After anesthesia induction, patients in Group M were ventilated with pressure-controlled ventilation, and then the facemask was removed to stop the mask ventilation. In Group T, the patient’s mouth was kept closed, and the flow rate was adjusted to 70 L/min. Then, THRIVE was continued with an open mouth. When the safe apneic duration lasted up to 8 minutes or SpO2 decreased to 95%, observation was ended, and the patient was immediately intubated with a video laryngoscope. Tracheal intubation was successfully performed on the first attempt. The safe apneic time (SAT) (from 4 min after muscle relaxant administration to the time until SpO2 dropped to 95%) was measured.
Result: Fifty patients were included in the trail. Group T patients had a significantly longer SAT compared to Group M (P=0.000). All 25 patients in Group T reached 8 minutes with their SpO2 maintained at >95%. In Group M, 6 patients (24%) maintained their SpO2 at >95% for 8 minutes.
Conclusion: THRIVE, compared with facemask ventilation, can significantly increase the safe apneic duration, improve oxygenation, and shorten the reoxygenation time in elderly minimally-toothed patients during the induction of general anesthesia, which contributes to stable hemodynamics and safe tracheal intubation.
Fabrication of Sandwich Structure Membrane and its Performance for Photocatalytic Reduction of Cr(VI)
Authors: Ren Hai-Tao , Li Da-Shuai , Jing Meng-Zhen , Li Ting-Ting , Lou Ching-Wen , Lin Jia-Horng
Published: October 2022

The regenerated cellulose membrane (RC) was synthesized by dissolving cotton cellulose in NaOH/CO(NH2)2 system. The Polydopamine/Bismuth Tungstate/RC composite membrane (RCPB) with visible light catalytic activity was synthesized via loading polydopamine-modified bismuth tungstate (PDA/BWO) composite on the RC by blending method. The RCPB/PAN/RCPB sandwich structure membrane was synthesized through combining the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber membrane and RCPB by scraping method, which could reduce aqueous Cr(VI) under visible light. Characterization analysis showed that the tensile strength, elongation at break, roughness and initial water contact angle of RCPB/PAN/RCPB were 32.1 MPa, 5.34%, 0.658 µm and 69.0°, respectively. The photoreduction percent of Cr(VI) by RCPB/PAN/RCPB could reach 99.7% within 120 min with a rate constant of 0.0869 min–1, and the photoreduction percent remained above 84.6% after four cycles. The introduction of PAN further improved the mechanical properties and recycling ability of RCPB. Meanwhile, the capture experiment revealed that the main active substance for photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) by RCPB/PAN/RCPB was photogenerated e-. This work provides a new idea for the treatment of Cr(VI)-containing wastewater.
High Red blood Cell Distribution Width Contributes to Heart Failure Hospitalization in Patients with Pacemaker Implantation: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Yao Hongxia , Lian Liyou , Zheng Rujie , Chen Chen
Published: October 2022

Background: Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) has been showed to have independent predictive ability of mortality in patients with coronary artery disease and HF. However, no relevant research is established to demonstrate the relationship between RDW and heart failure hospitalization (HFH) in patients who received pacemaker.
Methods: The baseline RDW was individually recorded at admission in patients with pacemaker implantation. Patients were assigned to high and low RDW groups based on cut-off values. Restricted cubic splines were used to model the RDW-HFH association. The curve of patients free of HFH was plotted via the Kaplan-Meier method. And the significance of association between RDW and HFH was analyzed using both crude and adjusted cox proportional hazard model with hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results: A total of 927 patients who successfully received pacemaker implantation were enrolled. Seventy and seven (8.3%) patients met the endpoint, and 61(12.8%) patients had RDW≥13.45. Analysis of the receiver operating characteristicscurve for RDW demonstrated an optimal cut-off value of 13.45. The incidence of HFH in patients with high level of RDW were higher than that in those patients with low level of RDW (P＜0.001). Moreover, despite controlling for other potential risk factors, the incidence of HFH was higher than the high RDW group (HR=2.197, 95% CI:1.638-5.196, P<0.001).
Conclusion: High RDW contributes to HFH in patients with pacemaker implantation during the long-term follow-up, suggesting that RDW can effectively predict the probability of HFH for patients with pacemaker implantation.
Development and validation of postoperative circulating tumor DNA combined with clinicopathological risk factors for recurrence prediction in patients with stages I-III colorectal cancer
Authors: Gao Zhaoya , Huang Dandan , Chen Hui , Yang Yong , An Ke , Ding Changmin , Yuan Zheping , Zhai Zhichao , Niu Pengfei , Gao Qingkun , Cai Jinping , Zeng Qingmin , Wang Yanzhao , Hong Yuming , Rong Wanshui , Huang Wensheng , Lei Fuming , Wang Xiaodong , Chen Shiqing , Zhao Xiaochen , Bai Yuezong , Gu Jin
Published: October 2022

Background
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) detection following curative-intent surgery could directly reflect the presence of minimal residual disease, which is ultimately the cause of clinical recurrence. However, ctDNA is not postoperatively detected in ≥ 50% of patients with stage I-III colorectal cancer (CRC) who ultimately recur. Herein we sought to improve recurrence risk prediction by combining ctDNA with clinicopathological risk factors in stage I-III CRC.
Methods
Two independent cohorts, both consisting of early-stage CRC patients who underwent curative surgery, were included: (i) the discovery cohort (N = 124) with tumor tissues and postoperative plasmas for ctDNA determination; and (ii) the external validation cohort (N = 125) with available ctDNA results. In the discovery cohort, somatic variations in tumor tissues and plasmas collected postoperatively were determined via a 733-gene and 127-gene next-generation sequencing panel, respectively.
Results
In the discovery cohort, 17 of 108 (15.7%) patients had detectable ctDNA. ctDNA-positive patients had a significantly high recurrence rate (76.5% vs. 16.5%, P < 0.001) and short recurrence-free survival (RFS; P < 0.001) versus ctDNA-negative patients. In addition to ctDNA status, the univariate Cox model identified pathologic stage, lymphovascular invasion, nerve invasion, and preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen level associated with RFS. We combined the ctDNA and clinicopathological risk factors (CTCP) to construct a model for recurrence prediction. A significantly higher recurrence rate (64.7% vs. 8.1%, P < 0.001) and worse RFS (P < 0.001) were seen in the high-risk patients classified by the CTCP model versus those in the low-risk patients. Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that the CTCP model outperformed ctDNA alone at recurrence prediction, which increased the sensitivity of 2-year RFS from 49.6% by ctDNA alone to 87.5%. Harrell's concordance index, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis also suggested that the CTCP model had good discrimination, consistency, and clinical utility. These results were reproduced in the validation cohort.
Conclusion
Combining postoperative ctDNA and clinical risk may better predict recurrence than ctDNA alone for developing a personalized postoperative management strategy for CRC.
Analysing the probability of detection of shallow spherical defects by means of Active Thermography
Authors: D’Accardi Ester , Palumbo Davide , Errico Vito , Fusco Andrea , Angelastro Andrea , Galietti Umberto
Published: October 2022

The capability of Active Thermography (AT) techniques in detecting shallow defects has been proved by many works in the last years, both on metals and composites. However, there are few works in which these techniques have been used adopting simulated defects more representative of the real ones. The aim of this work is to investigate the capability of Active Thermography of detecting shallow spherical defects in metal specimens produced with laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process and characterized by a thermal behaviour very far from the flat bottom hole and so near to the real one. In particular, the quantitative characterization of defects has been carried out to obtain the Probability of Detection (PoD) curves. In fact, it is very common in non-destructive controls to define the limits of defect detectability by referring to PoD curves based on the analysis of flat bottom holes with a more generous estimation and therefore not true to real defect conditions. For this purpose, a series of specimens, made by means of Laser-Powder Bed Fusion technology (L-PBF) in AISI 316L, were inspected using Pulsed Thermography (PT), adopting two flash lamps and a cooled infrared (IR) sensor. To improve the quality of the raw thermal data, different post-processing algorithms were adopted. The results provide indications about the advantages and limitations of Active Thermography (AT) for the non-destructive offline controls of the structural integrity of metallic components.
Safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) during the month of Ramadan in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Pakistani population -an observational study from a tertiary care center in Karachi
Authors: Sheikh Aisha , Das Bhagwan , Sattar Saadia , Islam Najmul
Published: October 2022

Background and aims

Primary aim was to assess the safety of SGLT2-i in a real-life scenario during Ramadan by finding the frequency and severity of hypoglycemic/hyperglycemic events, dehydration, and DKA. Secondary aim was to assess changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), weight and creatinine levels.

Methods

This prospective, observational, controlled cohort study was conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan from March 15 to June 30, 2021. Participants were over 21 years of age, on stable doses of SGLT2-I, started at least two months before Ramadan. Endpoint assessments were done one month before and within six weeks after Ramadan.

Results

Of 102 participants enrolled, 82 completed the study. Most (52%) were males, with mean age 52.2 ± 9.5 years and average duration of T2DM 11.2 ± 6.5 years. 63% were on Empagliflozin (mean dose; 14.8 ± 7.2 mg/day) whereas 37% were on Dapagliflozin (mean dose; 8.2 ± 2.7 mg/day). Six (7.3%) documented symptoms of hypoglycemia, however, no episode of severe hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, dehydration, DKA, hospitalization or discontinuation of SGLT2i was reported. HbA1c changes were (7.7% ± 1.2% from 7.9% ± 2.3%, p 0.34), weight (78.4 ± 12.9 kgs from 78.9 ± 13.3, p 0.23) and eGFR (87.8 ± 27.9 from 94.3 ± 37.6, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Results showed the safety of SGLT2i agents during Ramadan in Pakistani population recommending it as a treatment option in adults with T2DM, without any additional adverse events.
Hydrological variability and flood risk in a forest watershed undergoing accelerated urbanization: the case of Mefou (South Cameroon)
Authors: Ebode Valentin Brice
Published: October 2022

Climate change and variability and anthropogenic forcings such as land use change are the main forcings of river discharge variability and hydrological risks. However, these issues are very less addressed in central Africa. This article aims to investigate the impact of precipitation variability and land use change on the hydrological dynamics of the Mefou river over the recent period (1963–2018) and draw up a basin flooding risk areas map. To achieve these goals, hydrometeorological data of this basin were analyzed using the Pettitt and Mann Kendall tests. Likewise, flooding risk areas was produced from the Frequency Ratio (FR) model. Average and extreme flows of the Mefou river have increased since 1985-86, unlike the rainfall, which generally decreased for all seasons from the 1970s, apart from summer, where the reverse was observed. Changes in land use (an increase in impervious areas (+ 530%) and a decrease in forest (-52.9%) and water bodies(-80.4%)) seem to be the leading cause of the increase in flows observed. Floods are often recurrent in basins with such hydrological behaviour. To enable policymakers to reduce the vulnerability of populations to this disaster, the proposed flood map shows that 2.67%, 7.22%, 22.5%, 35.25% and 32.36% of the catchment area are respectively delineated into very low, low, medium, high and very high flood vulnerability classes. These results could be useful for the management of water resources and associated hydrological risks in the basin investigated.
Association of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio with diabetic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Li Lan , Shen Qing , Rao Sijie
Published: October 2022

Purpose
The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have been extensively studied in a variety of diseases. However, research on their relationship with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is limited. The aim of our study was to investigate the association of these two indicators with renal function in type 2 diabetes patients and assess whether they can serve as predictors of DKD.
Methods
A total of 655 patients with type 2 diabetes were retrospectively selected. Subjects were divided into three groups according to the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR). The differences in the NLR and PLR among the groups and their correlation with renal function were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze independent risk factors for DKD, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the predictive values of the NLR and PLR for the disease.
Results
The NLR and PLR were significantly different among the three groups, and they increased with increasing levels of albuminuria. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that the NLR and PLR were positively correlated with the UACR but negatively correlated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that these two indicators were independent risk factors for DKD (p < 0.001). The results of ROC curve analysis suggested that the NLR (AUC = 0.794; 95% CI, 0.760–0.827; p < 0.001) and PLR (AUC = 0.665; 95% CI, 0.623–0.706, p < 0.001) had important diagnostic value for DKD.
Conclusion
The NLR and PLR were closely associated with renal function among type 2 diabetes patients, and high NLR and PLR may serve as predictors of DKD.
Development and validation of new predictive equations for resting energy expenditure in physically active boys
Authors: Łuszczki Edyta , Jagielski Paweł , Bartosiewicz Anna , Dereń Katarzyna , Matłosz Piotr , Kuchciak Maciej , Oleksy Łukasz , Stolarczyk Artur , Mazur Artur
Published: October 2022

Measurement or estimation of resting energy expenditure (REE) should be the first step in determining energy demand in physically active boys. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate new equations for resting energy expenditure in male children and adolescents practicing football. The study was carried out among 184 boys in the validation group and 148 boys in the cross-validation group (mean age 13.20 years and 13.24 years, respectively). The calorimeter and device for assessing body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) were used. Model of multiple regression showed that REE can be predicted in this population with equations 1 or 2. Predictive Eq. 1 had an average error of 51 ± 199 kcal and predictive Eq. 2–39 ± 193 kcal. Cohen's d coefficient was 0.2, which confirms the small difference. The bias was 4.7% and 3.9%, respectively. The accuracy was 61.2% in the population for predictive Eqs. 1 and 66.2% for predictive Eq. 2. Therefore, the new formulas developed and validated in this study are recommended for the estimation of REE in physically active boys, when the use of in-direct calorimetry is not feasible or available.
Igniting Growth Surges: Lessons from the Past
Authors: Atsebi Jean-Marc B.
Published: October 2022

``What, exactly" can countries do to initiate an episode of growth surge? I identify 132 episodes of growth surges in 117 countries over the period 1980-2010. I find that disproportionate improvements in macroeconomic stability and external factors and endowments favor a higher probability of growth surge. They are followed by structural reforms, investments, labor and productivity, trade diversification and quality, and lastly by institutions. Countries can maximize the likelihood of igniting growth surges if they jointly achieve significant improvements in macroeconomic stability and external conditions and endowments. Also, macroeconomic stability, and to some extent, external factors and endowments may be considered as dominant strategies to ignite a growth surge, as no improvements in these determinants, generally constraint the other determinants to have a smaller effect on growth surges. There is a notable difference between decades, regions, and levels of development, which calls for careful tailoring of policies aiming at igniting growth surges to local conditions.
JEL Classification: O11 , O47 , F43 , E65
Mortality in Patients with Schizophrenia in Japan
Authors: Nomura Nobuyuki , Misawa Fuminari , Fujii Yasuo , Takeuchi Hiroyoshi
Published: October 2022

Purpose: Patients with schizophrenia have a higher mortality risk than the general population. However, no recent studies have investigated mortality in people with schizophrenia in Japan. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective study to evaluate excess mortalityand risk factors for mortality in patients with schizophrenia in Japan.
Methods: We included patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder at Yamanashi Prefectural Kita Hospital between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2017. Standardized mortality ratios were used to compare mortality rates between patients with schizophrenia and the general population. Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate risk factors associated with mortality.
Results: Of the 1,699 patients with schizophrenia (893 men and 806 women), 104 (55 men and 49 women) died during the study period. The all-cause standardized mortality ratio (95% confidential interval [CI]) was 2.25 (1.81–2.68); the natural- and unnatural-cause standardized mortality ratios were 2.09 (1.64–2.54) and 4.68 (2.63–6.74), respectively. Male sex (odds ratio [OR] = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.10–4.56), age (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.09–1.16), and barbiturate use (OR = 8.17, 95% CI = 2.07–32.32) were associated with a high risk of mortality.
Conclusion: The mortality rate remains high in patients with schizophrenia in Japan. Further studies are needed to evaluate mortality trends in this population.
Supply and Demand Determinants of Heterogeneous VAT Pass-Through
Authors: Bellon Matthieu , Copestake Alexander
Published: October 2022

We investigate the substantial variation in the extent to which a rise in value-added tax (VAT) is passed on to consumers. We first extend existing theory to characterize the roles of imperfect competition and product differentiation, then investigate these relationships empirically using a panel of 14 Eurozone countries between 1999 and 2013. We find that consumers pay a larger share of VAT increases when producers face more competitive upstream markets: the higher tax reduces final demand, but this lower demand does not in turn reduce input prices when upstream markets are competitive. Greater scope for quality differentiation also increases pass-through, by reducing the relative price elasticity of demand.
JEL: D43, H22, H25
1H, 13C, and 15N assignments of the mRNA binding protein hnRNP A18
Authors: Coburn Katherine M. , Roth Braden , Varney Kristen M. , Carrier France , Weber David J.
Published: October 2022

Heterogeneous ribonuclear protein A18 (hnRNP A18) is an RNA binding protein (RBP) involved in the hypoxic cellular stress response and regulation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) expression in melanoma, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and colon cancer solid tumors. hnRNP A18 is comprised of an N-terminal structured RNA recognition motif (RMM) and a C-terminal intrinsically disordered domain (IDD). Upon cellar stressors, such as UV and hypoxia, hnRNP A18 is phosphorylated by casein kinase 2 (CK2) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β). After phosphorylation, hnRNP A18 translocates from the nucleus to the cytosol where it interacts with pro-survival mRNA transcripts for proteins such as hypoxia inducible factor 1α and CTLA-4. Both the hypoxic cellular response and modulation of immune checkpoints by cancer cells promote chemoradiation resistance and metastasis. In this study, the 1H, 13C, and 15N backbone and sidechain resonances of the 172 amino acid hnRNP A18 were assigned sequence-specifically and provide a framework for future NMR-based drug discovery studies toward targeting hnRNP A18. These data will also enable the investigation of the dynamic structural changes within the IDD of hnRNP A18 upon phosphorylation by CK2 and GSK-3β to provide critical insight into the structure and function of IDDs.
School of Rocks: A Transmission Time Investment Model for Pleistocene Lithic Technology
Authors: Kovach Tanner Z. , Gill Jayson P.
Published: October 2022

We propose a transmission time investment model for integrating the tenets of human behavioral ecology and cultural evolutionary theory to investigate agency and optimality in the social transmission of lithic technologies. While the cultural transmission process is often overlooked in discussions of optimality, we view it as a critical area for the application of adaptive reasoning to further understand the mechanisms responsible for change in lithic technologies. The proposed model modifies a technological intensification model based on the marginal value theorem (Bettinger et al., 2006; Mohlenhoff and Codding, 2017) to explore how transmissibility may have affected the complexity of socially transmitted lithic production systems during the Pleistocene. This transmission investment model is contrasted with a passive demographic model derived from traditional explanations for changes in lithic technologies. To highlight how optimal considerations of transmissibility may have affected the long-term evolution of lithic technologies, we apply this model to three Pleistocene archaeological case studies investigating increases and decreases in lithic technological complexity. We propose that changes in each of these cases can be understood as the result of time management strategies related to the social transmission process.
Rainfall Nowcasting asing a Bayesian framework and Long Short-Term Memory Multi-model Estimation. Case of study: Andean Ecuadorian Tropical City
Authors: Cabrera Diego , Quinteros María , Cerrada Mariela , Sánchez René-Vinicio , Guallpa Mario , Sancho Fernando , Li Chuan
Published: October 2022

Rainfall nowcasting is a challenging task due to the time-dependencies of the variables and the stochastic behavior of the process. The difficulty increases when the geographic area of interest is characterized by a large spatio-temporal variability of its meteorological variables, causing large variations of rainfall even within a small area in places such as the Tropical Andes. To address this problem, we propose a methodology for building a group of models based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks using Bayesian optimization. We optimize the model hyperparameters using accumulated experience to reduce the hyperparameter search space over successive iterations. The result is a large reduction in modeling time that allows the building of specialized LSTM models for each zone and nowcasting time. We evaluated the method by nowcasting rain events in the urban area of Cuenca City in Ecuador, a city with large spatio-temporal variability. The results show that our proposed model offers better performance over the trivial forecaster for up to 9 hours of future forecasts with an accuracy of up to 84.4%
Effect of alkaline delignification process on the anatomical characteristics and some mechanical properties of tropical woods of different densities
Authors: Maturana Juan. Carlos. , Arroyave Catalina , Hurtado Alejandro , Echeverría Félix. , Correa Esteban
Published: October 2022

Wood delignification is a straightforward process of great interest in the development of advanced materials and products for sustainable applications. This process can reduce the stiffness of the wood cell wall by using selective chemical reagents that remove lignin/hemicellulose and thus facilitate its modification in combination with other treatments. This study aimed to compare the efficiency and uniformity of the partial delignification process using the sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfite (NaOH/Na2SO3) mixed aqueous solution in the three hardwood species Brosimum utile (Sande), Carapa guianensis (Andiroba), and Dipteryx oleifera (Choiba). These are important tropical tree species, providing essential material for the wood industry. The effects and distribution of the solution were studied based on the variations exhibited by the center and ends of the delignified woods, using chemical composition analysis techniques, FT-IR spectra, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The process allows the partial chemical removal of lignin/hemicellulose in different non-uniform proportions between the center and the ends of the woods under study. The lignin/hemicellulose removal ratios varied widely between the different wood species. The density of delignified wood did not vary significantly after treatment. The modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of delignified wood decreased. The results suggested that denser tropical wood requires the adjustment of the process variables while the proposed method can treat less dense tropical woods. Partially delignified tropical hardwood can be used to develop advanced materials and products for diverse applications.
Biosynthesis of polyene antibiotics and sterols under the action of exogenous β-sitosterol by Streptomyces netropsis IMV Ac-5025
Authors: Loboda Mariia , Biliavska Liudmyla
Published: October 2022

Unexplained aspects of the biosynthetic capacity of Streptomyces netropsis IMV Ac-5025 were studied. Correlations in the biosynthesis of polyene antibiotics with other biological active substance by the producer were found for the first time. Exogenous β-sitosterol caused an increase of polyene antibiotics biosynthesis and their excretion from the cells into culture liquid. Their sum was raised 4.5-fold in biomass and 2.5-fold in culture liquid under the action of 10 µg/mL of β-sitosterol. Biomass accumulation was almost doubled under the action of 5 µg/mL of exogenous substance in the synthetic nutrient medium and 1.5-fold – in organic. Squalene, ergosterol, cholesterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, and 24-epibrasinolide were accumulated in producer cells. Their sum was ranged from 1.753 to 4.750 mg/g ADB and was increased 2.7-fold under the action of 0.25 µg/mL of β-sitosterol. These results are important for understanding the complex relationships of metabolic pathways in streptomycetes cells.
Clinical and sonographic improvement of developmental dysplasia of the hip: Analysis of 948 patients
Authors: Lankinen Vilma , Bakti Karim , Helminen Mika , Väli-Pakka Jarmo , Laivuori Hannele , Hyvarinen Anna
Published: October 2022

Background
Developmental dysplasia of the hip is a common condition, which varies in severity. Abduction treatment is widely used to correct the development of the hips, but mild forms of DDH can also recover spontaneously. The purpose of this study was to evaluate factors affecting the rate of improvement of developmental dysplasia of the hip, and evaluate any risk factors slowing the process.
Material and methods
The study population consisted of patients diagnosed with DDH in Tampere University hospital in the years 1998–2018. Data was retrospectively collected and associations between clinical variables and rate of improvement was analyzed. Alpha angles were assessed monthly and associations between risk factors and improvement of alpha angles were studied. Total of 948 patients were included in the analysis.
Results
More sever first status of the hips was associated with faster improvement in dynamic ultrasound compared to milder DDH in univariate design in first 3 months of age, in the multivariable design Ortolani positivity was conversely associated with lower alpha angles in 1-month follow-up. Immediate abduction treatment was associated with faster recovery rate compared to delayed abduction or watchful waiting. Female sex and positive family history were associated with slower rate of improvement and lower alpha angles. In multivariable design, female sex, positive family history and treatment strategy remained statistically significant as initiation time of the treatment explained the first found association of clinical hip status and the recovery rate after 2 months of age.
Conclusion
Female sex and positive family history might be independent risk factors for slower recovery in DDH before six months of age. These children might need special attention in their follow-up plans and abduction treatment.
Analysis of Google Trends and Search Results for Ophthalmic Symptoms of Monkeypox
Authors: Zhu Aretha , Mahajan Jasmine , Oydanich Marko K. , Luo Michael C. , Khouri Albert S.
Published: October 2022

Purpose: In late July, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared monkeypox virus’s global spread as a “public health emergency of international concern.” About a quarter of monkeypox cases feature ophthalmic symptoms. We assessed trends of public interest in monkeypox ophthalmic involvement and inclusion in online search engine queries.
Methods:The following keywords were searched on Google Trends from April 1, 2022 to August 12, 2022: monkeypox + eye, pink eye, eye infection, eyelid, vision, blurry vision, vision loss, blindness, eye symptoms, eye problems, eye pain, eye redness, conjunctivitis, conjunctiva, cornea, keratitis, corneal ulcer, and blepharitis. We analyzed trends, correlation with case count data, and comparison with popularity of non-ophthalmic symptoms via Student’s t-test. Inclusion of ophthalmic symptoms in Google search results for “monkeypox symptoms” was assessed.
Results: “Monkeypox eye” had the highest average interest worldwide and in the United States. Search interest peaked in mid-May and late July 2022. When compared to interest in “monkeypox rash,” the most popular searched monkeypox symptom, the average interest of “monkeypox eye” was lower (p<0.01). Of the first 50 results from the Google search of “monkeypox symptoms,” 10/50 (20%) mentioned ophthalmic symptoms. 6/50 (12%) mentioned the eye as a route of virus transmission.
Conclusion: Public interest in monkeypox ophthalmic symptoms corresponds with geographic and temporal trends, i.e., timing and location of the first reported non-endemic cases and WHO announcement. Although ophthalmic symptoms are not as widely searched currently, inclusion in public health messaging is key for diagnosis, appropriate management, and reduction of further transmission.
Thermal Analysis and Phase Equilibria of the Molten System Na3AlF6 – NdF3 – Nd2O3
Authors: Krishnan Dhiya , Korenko Michal , Šimko František , Kubíková Blanka , Rakhmatullin Aydar
Published: October 2022

Phase diagrams of the systems Na3AlF6 – NdF3 and (Na3AlF6 – NdF3)eut – Nd2O3 were experimentally determined by thermal analysis up to 60 mol % of NdF3, and 45 mol % of Nd2O3, respectively. The Na3AlF6 – NdF3 system was found to be a simple eutectic system with the eutectic point with the following approximate coordinates: 49 mol % NdF3, and 905°C. This eutectic composition was then used for the thermal analysis of the (Na3AlF6 – NdF3)eut – Nd2O3 system. The coordinates of the eutectic point of the (Na3AlF6 – NdF3)eut – Nd2O3 system were found to be at approximately 46 mol % Nd2O3 and 733°C. After the thermal analysis, the X – ray diffraction analysis of the solidified samples of both systems was performed. The XRD analysis of the Na3AlF6 – NdF3 system has shown the formation of two new compounds; NaNdF4 and NdOF. The formation of NdOF is probably the product of the high temperature hydrolysis between the moisture in the atmosphere and NdF3. The XRD analysis of the solidified samples of the (Na3AlF6 – NdF3)eut – Nd2O3 system has shown the formation of the following new compounds; NaNdF4, NdOF, NdAlO3, and NaF.
Revealing a Solar Cycle Resonance through tree-rings
Authors: Khorchani Ali , Touhami Issam , Elaieb Mohamed Tahar , Khaldi Abdelhamid
Published: October 2022

Tree-ring data is one of the best proxy sources for studying the dynamics of the Earth’s climate system. However, paleoclimatic studies often face multiple problems that can influence the quality of the obtained information. The success in analyzing these proxies is thus crucial for understanding the nature of these dynamics. Here we introduce a new data-driven approach that facilitates the detection and extraction of cyclic components from tree-ring time series. To this end, we firstly tested this approach on artificial time series then we applied it on over 6000 tree-ring time series collected from 242 sites and 66 tree-species around the world. Based on the use of the autocorrelation functon(ACF) analysis and a consecutive filtering, the decomposition of the tree-ring time series revealed the existence of 8 harmonic modes (HMs) of cyclicity. We found that cyclicity inherent in tree-ring time series follows two resonance processes. Furthermore, an assumption model explaining the relationship between these different harmonic modes and which corroborated well with the extracted cycles was also introduced. The consistency of the achieved data among the widely separated sites as well as the spectacular accuracy of our findings compared to different studies give evidence to assign these 8 HMs as a truly global signature. Our analysis suggests that this global signature is related to the resonance of the solar activity given the very close relationship found between these HMs and the solar cycle. The resonance process, demonstrated by our study could be of great importance for earth-climate system and solar dynamo theories.
Cien años de soledad en el espejo wayuu
Authors: García Gómez Cindy Juliana , Salazar Bohórquez María Isabel
Published: October 2022

Las diferentes culturas con las que convive García Márquez en su infancia configuran en él una visión multicultural en la que lo sobrenatural, lo mitológico y lo ordinario tienen cabida; entre estas se resalta la cultura wayuu, influencia indígena que marca profundamente la obra del escritor, pues, así como García Márquez se siente cercano a la lengua de los guajiros, algunos de sus personajes buscan comunicarse únicamente en wayuunaiki. En la comunidad wayuu, los piaches o chamanes son aquellas personas que tienen la capacidad de comunicación con el mundo-otro (el más allá), curan enfermedades, interpretan los sueños, pronostican el futuro, leen la naturaleza y establecen relaciones con los muertos que, en forma de yoluja, regresan y cohabitan con los wayuu. En este sentido, el presente artículo establece cinco categorías en las que analiza la presencia de la cultura wayuu y la figura del piache en Cien años de soledad; estas abarcan el papel simbólico de los huesos, la vida en la muerte, la predicción del futuro, la clarividencia del mundo onírico y el rol de algunos personajes como chamanes. Estos elementos de la cultura wayuu, que se encuentran de manera explícita e implícita en Cien años de soledad, constituyen un gran tejido dialógico en el cual dos culturas del Caribe colombiano (la wayuu y la caribe predominante) entrecruzan formas de vida y pensamiento para crear personajes que no encajan en su totalidad en el canon indígena, pero tampoco en el occidental.
OKUL ÖNCESİ ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN ERKEN OKURYAZARLIK BECERİLERİ İLE İLGİLİ GÖRÜŞLERİ
Authors: ÇALIŞ Elif Satı , FEYMAN GÖK Nihan
Published: October 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin erken okuryazarlık becerileri ile ilgili görüşlerini incelemektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu Bursa İli, İnegöl İlçesi’nde resmi anaokulu ve anasınıflarında görev yapan 20 okul öncesi öğretmenidir ve çalışma grubunun belirlenmesinde amaçlı örneklem yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden temel yorumlayıcı desen yöntemiyle desenlenmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan ve uzman görüşü alınarak nihai hali verilmiş olan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri öğretmenlerle yüzyüze ve birebir görüşmeler yapılarak toplanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre öğretmenlerin büyük bir kısmının ya erken okuryazarlık kavramını bilmediği ya da eksik ve yanlış bildiği; kavramı okuma yazmayı erken öğretmek şeklinde yorumladığı bulunmuştur. Öğretmenler uygulama sürecinde erken okuryazarlık becerilerinden en çok sesbilgisel farkındalık ve harf bilgisi becerilerinin desteklenmesine yer vermekte; harflerden de yalnızca sesli harfleri tanıtmaktadırlar. Öğretmenlerin hazır çalışma sayfalarını ve etkinlik kitaplarını yoğun olarak kullandığı, öğrenme ortamı olarak en çok kitap merkezini kullandığı ve sınıf içinde yazılı uyaranlara pek yer vermediği bulunmuştur. Okul öncesi öğretmenlerine yönelik olarak nitelikli hizmet öncesi ve hizmet içi eğitimin verilmesi gerektiği bu araştırmanın en önemli sonuçlarındandır.
Banco de semillas de un bosque de encinos de Quercus delgadoana en la zona centro de la Sierra Madre Oriental, México
Authors: Calva-Soto Karina , Pavón Numa P. , Ramírez-Marcial Neptalí
Published: October 2022

Antecedentes y Objetivos: Los encinares son bosques considerados comunidades clímax que poseen una amplia variación estructural y alta biodiversidad. Sin embargo, se han realizado pocos estudios sobre el banco de semillas como fuente de germoplasma que permitan entender la sucesión vegetal y el restablecimiento natural de ese ecosistema. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue inventariar las especies que conforman el banco de semillas en un bosque de encino dominado por Quercus delgadoana localizado en la zona central de la Sierra Madre Oriental, México.Métodos: Se obtuvieron muestras de suelo en cuatro parcelas de 400 m2. Las semillas presentes en cada muestra fueron extraídas manualmente. Posteriormente, el suelo fue puesto dentro de un invernadero por cinco meses para promover la germinación y obtener plántulas. Las semillas y/o plántulas obtenidas fueron determinadas y clasificadas de acuerdo con su etapa sucesional, forma de vida y modo de dispersión.Resultados clave: Se obtuvieron 2000 semillas correspondientes a 20 familias, 40 géneros, 48 especies. La familia más abundante fue Asteraceae con 20 especies. Simsia amplexicaulis fue la especie más abundante. Las semillas de especies de etapas sucesionales pioneras e intermedias fueron las más representativas con 85% del total. La zoocoria (50%) fue el principal medio de dispersión de las semillas del banco.Conclusiones: La composición del banco de semillas no se relacionó con la vegetación del dosel. Solo 15% de las semillas fueron de árboles. El corto periodo de muestreo no permitió analizar la dinámica del banco de semillas, transitorio o permanente. Sin embargo, la composición del banco de semillas constituido por especies de etapas sucesionales pioneras, intermedias y tardías tiene el potencial de regenerar la vegetación mediante sucesión ecológica.
Локализация электромагнитных волн в зигзагообразной решетке волноводов с конкурирующими нелинейными откликами третьего и пятого порядков
Authors: Казанцева Е.В. , Маймистов А.И.
Published: October 2022

The zigzag waveguide array is considered, where even waveguides are
composed of optically linear material, and their nearest neighbors are
characterized by positive cubic nonlinearity and negative fifth-order
nonlinearity. In the continuum (long-wave) approximation the solutions
of the system of coupled wave equations are found, which describe
waves localized in the lattice and harmonic propagating waves.