bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diversity of Muscidae (Diptera) in Neora Valley National Park, West Bengal
Authors: Sinha Shuvra Kanti , Hazari Pravas , Mahato Santanu
Published: August 2022

Understanding the local biodiversity and associated ecosystem services is important for organisms such as muscids (Diptera: Muscidae). This study aimed at the spatial diversity of muscid flies and their bionomics in the Neora Valley National Park, India. The survey was conducted over an altitude variation of 460–3200 masl having relatively high tree diversity. The study area preserves good ecological balance and provides every habitat that is ideal for the survival of muscid flies. The results revealed 31 species under 13 genera of three subfamilies. The highlight is the new records of two species, Limnophora (Heliographa) ceylanica (Emden, 1965) and Neomyia pacifica (Zimin, 1951) from India.
Efficacy of Insecticides Against Sorghum Spotted Stem Borer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe)
Authors: Kamakshi N. , Sarma A. S. R. , Reddy C. V. Chandra Mohan
Published: August 2022

Efficacy of insecticides against spotted stem borer Chilo partellus (swinhoe) in sorghum was studied at the institutional farm, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Nandyal, Andhra Pradesh during rabi 2016-17 and 2017-18. Deadhearts were observed to be less with spinosad (4.0%) followed by carbofuran 3G (4.10%), chlorantraniliprole 18.5SC (4.95) and chlorantraniliprole 0.4G (4.86) applied at 25 days after sowing. The least infestation at 40 days after sowing was observed with chlorantraniliprole 18.5SC (6.2%), spinosad 45SC (7.0%), chlorantraniliprole 0.4G (7.3%) and carbofuran 3G @ 10 kg/ ha (8.0%). Lesser number of larvae in the stem tunnel were observed with chlorantraniliprole 18.5SC/0.4G, spinosad, carbofuran 3G, phorate 10G and flubendiamide. The incremental benefit cost ratio was maximum with carbofuran 3G (5.2:1), followed by chlorantraniliprole 0.4G (4.8:1) and chlorantraniliprole 18.5SC (4.2:1).
Effect of Farming Systems on Diversity and Seasonal Abundance of Insect Pests and their Natural Enemiesin Cauliflower
Authors: Barakzai Abdul Wakil , Chandel Rajeshwawar Singh , Sharma Prem Lal , Verma Subhash Chander , Singh Maneesh Pal , Yankit Panma
Published: August 2022

A study was conducted on effect of two farming systems namely zero budget natural farming (ZBNF) and conventional farming (CF) on diversity and seasonal abundance of insect pests of cauliflower and their natural enemies during 2018-19 and 2019-20. Studies revealed that ZBNF system harboured less pest diversity and attracted more natural enemies as compared to the CF system. Natural enemy activity and % parasitisation were maximum in ZBNF system as compared to CF system. The results indicate that indigenous ZBNF formulations and intercropping have a positive effect on the population of natural enemies and repelled the insect pests much better as compared to CF system.
Species Composition of Sugarcane Shoot Borers in South Gujarat
Authors: Chavan S. M. , Modi P. K. , Pandya C. D.
Published: August 2022

This study on species composition of sugarcane shoot borers was carried out in the South Gujarat Agroclimatic Zone II. The results revealed the infestation of two species of shoot borers viz., Sesamia inferens (Walker) and Chilo sacchariphagus indicus (Kapur) in the early stage of sugarcane. Maximum incidence of S. inferens (77.56, 88.24 and 88.72%) was observed compared to that of C. sacchariphagus indicus (22.44, 11.76 and 11.28%) during 2015-16, 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively, indicating that S. inferens (84.84%) is dominant over C. sacchariphagus indicus (15.16%) in overall incidence.
Diversity of Diptera at Agri-Biodiversity Park, Hyderabad
Authors: Sahoo Kishore Chandra , Sunitha V. , Vasudeva Rao V. , Srinivasa Chary D.
Published: August 2022

The diversity and abundance of Diptera at the Agri-biodiversity Park, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad was studied from September 2019 to January 2020. Five collection methods (pitfall trap, yellow pan trap, manual collection, light trap and yellow sticky trap) were used and 6739 individuals under 27 families were collected. The results revealed that the most abundant family was Dolichopodidae (10.76%) followed by Sarcophagidae (10.19%) and Ceratopogonidae (8.92%). Yellow pan trap collected maximum number of individuals (2789), and revealed occurrence of maximum number of families (18). Shannon-Weiner diversity Index, Margalef’s species richness index and Pielou’s evenness index of the study area were 2.953, 2.949 and 0.896, respectively, indicating rich diversity of Diptera.
Diversity of Aquatic Coleoptera in Irrigated Rice
Authors: Gopianand L. , Kandibane M.
Published: August 2022

This study on the aquatic coleopteran diversity in rice revealed 24 species under 18 genera and 5 families in the irrigated rice ecosystem of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Institute (PAJANCOA & RI), Karaikal, Union Territory of Puducherry. The study was conducted during kharif 2019 and rabi 2019-2020. Berosus indicus was the dominant species in both the seasons. Dytiscidae (47.89%) and Hydrophilidae (49.23%) were the abundant families. Species diversity was maximum in kharif 2019, while species richness was maximum during rabi 2019-2020. Dytiscidae exhibited a significant negative correlation with water temperature, while Gyrinidae, Hydrophilidae and Noteridae showed significant negative correlation with pH, electrical conductivity, air and water temperature, and positive significant one with relative humidity. Multiple linear regression indicated that all the physico-chemical characteristics together were responsible for significant variation on the occurrence of Dytiscidae (92%), Gyrinidae (51%), Hydrophilidae (60%) and Noteridae (59%).
Efficacy of Biorational Insecticides Against Spotted Boll Worm Earias spp. in Okra
Authors: Kataria Sanjeev Kumar , Singh Gurmeet
Published: August 2022

Experiment was carried out at the farmer’s field in the districts of Amritsar and Jalandhar to evaluate the efficacy of chlorantraniliprole 18.5SC, pyridalyl 10 EC and emamectin benzoate against the fruit borer Earias vitella in okra during 2019. The results revealed that after 7 and 10 days of treatment, chlorantraniliprole 18.5SC (125 and 150 ml/ ha) were found significantly superior and at par with pyridalyl 10EC (500 and 625 ml/ ha) and emamectin benzoate (175 g/ ha). Similar results were obtained with fruit yield wherein chlorantraniliprole 18.5SC (125 and 150 ml/ ha) was at par with pyridalyl 10EC (500 and 625 ml/ ha) and emamectin benzoate (175 g/ ha). Thus, chlorantraniliprole 18.5SC (125 ml/ ha) and pyridalyl 10EC (500 ml/ ha) can be alternative to the usually recommended insecticides against E. vitella.
Chitinase Enzyme Activity and Pathogenicity of Lecanicillium lecanii Against Mustard Aphid Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.)
Authors: Ritika  , Joshi Neelam , Sharma Neerja
Published: August 2022

Lecanicillium lecanii (Zimmerman) Zare and Gams is an entomopathogenic fungi used as an alternative biocontrol agent against crop pests. Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) is an important pest of Brassica family. The present study evaluates the efficacy of three Lecanicillium lecanii isolates against the nymphs of Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.). Bioassay revealed nymphal mortality as 66.68, 62.23 and 42.50 % of L. lecanii NIPHM, L. lecanii MTCC 956 and L. lecanii MTCC 2056, respectively at maximum concentration (@12 g/ l). Extracellular enzyme activity of fungal isolates when evaluated revealed variation in the level of enzyme secretion. The maximum chitinase and n-acetyl-β-D-hexosaminidase activity (0.48 and 0.41 U/ ml) were observed in L. lecanii NIPHM on 6th day of incubation.
Efficacy of Extracts of Shorea robusta and Oroxylum indicum Against Callosobruchus chinensis (L.)
Authors: Chetri Suraj , Ahmed Rezina , Gogoi Renu
Published: August 2022

The present study evaluates the efficacy of methanolic plant extracts of Shorea robusta and Oroxylum indicum against the pulse beetle Callosobruchus chinensis (L.). Various phytoactive compounds like alkaloid, terpenoid, flavonoids, saponins, phytosterols, glycoside, phenols and tannins were found in them. The plant extract of S. robuta shows 90% repellency followed by 81.5% with O. indicum at 12%. It was observed that S. robusta shows a potent effect in controlling C. chinensis with 78.30% mortality at 12% followed by O. indicum with 68.30% mortality at 12% concentration.
Effect of Ecological Engineering on Incidence of Key Rice Pests
Authors: Yele Yogesh , Chander Subhash , Suroshe Sachin S. , Nebapure Suresh M. , P. S. Arya , T. Prabhulinga
Published: August 2022

Incidence of rice pests like white backed planthopper (WBPH) Sogatella furcifera, leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, whorl maggot Hydrellia sasakii and stem borers - yellow stem borer Scirpophaga incertulas and the pink stem borer Sesamia inferens were studied in ecologically engineered rice fields during kharif 2019 and 2020. The WBPH population significantly reduced in fields planted with mixture of crop and flowering plants (0.66 ± 0.25 and 0.83 ± 0.44 WBPH/hill) during kharif 2019 and 2020, respectively. Rice plots planted with crops and flowering plants had lowest leaf folder damage in both the seasons (0.64 ± 0.11% and 0.54 ± 0.35%). Similarly, whorl maggot damage in mixture of crop and flowering plants found significantly reduced than control plots in both the seasons. Reduced pest activity in ecologically engineered fields significantly increased rice yield, particularly in rice plots planted with crops and flowering plants (5.60 ± 0.24 and 5.27 ± 0.06 mt/ ha). Study revealed that planting of crop and flowering plants around the rice field increased the natural enemy activity and reduced incidence of rice pests which eventually reduced the yield losses caused by insect pests and increased the rice grain yield.
Management of Pink Bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) in Cotton
Authors: V. Lakshmi Narayanamma , V. Ratnakar , G. Veeranna
Published: August 2022

Demonstrations were conducted to assess the damage potential caused by the pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) and its management strategies were worked out through technology demonstration and check (farmer’s practice). Results revealed that >10% rosette flowers were observed, starting from 36th standard meteorological week (SMW) up to 2nd SMW except during 49th to 52nd SMW. In contrast, in control, maximum incidence was during October Ist fortnight (25.92%). Incidence of larvae on green bolls of Bt cotton was noticed from first fortnight of September (36th SMW) (8.4 larvae/50 bolls) with a peak during the second fortnight of December (51st and 52nd SMW) (19.2 larvae/50 bolls; the green boll damage ranged from 8.9 to 18.4 with a mean of 14.72% in treatment and 12.6 to 20.8 with a mean of 28.38% in control, respectively. Significantly higher income was obtained with the technology demonstrated plots, with high benefit cost ratio.
Occurrence of The Little Known Dubious Five-Ring Ypthima parasakra Eliot in Garhwal Himalaya
Authors: Singh Arun Pratap , Singh Tribhuwan
Published: August 2022

A survey carried out from Sankri village to Har-ki-Doon valley in Uttarkashi district, Uttarakhand revealed the occurrence of dubious five ring Ypthima parasakra Eliot (1987). The identity of the species was confirmed on examination of its male genitalia and its comparison with its congener, the Himalayan five-ring Y. sakra Moore (1958). This is the first site specific record of this little-known species from the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand, Western Himalaya, which is otherwise known from Central and Eastern Himalaya, in India. A brief account on the habitat of the species is given.
Suitability of Black Soldier Fly Larvae as Host for Entomopathogenic Nematodes
Authors: C. R. Manu , Anitha N. , Ragesh Gavas , P. I. Poornima Yadav
Published: August 2022

Black soldier fly Hermetia illucens (L.) larvae can serve many uses, of which potential exists for its use as a host for mass production of entomopathogenic nematodes. This study evaluates its larval instars for their suitability for rearing of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar) and Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser). The results revealed that 4th instar larvae is economical and effective, and this can be used at farm level. Thus, it can be popularized for mass production of entomopathogenic nematodes. The nematodes/cadaver was found to be half as that from Galleria, and hence two 4th instar cadavers can be recommended in place of a single Galleria cadaver. The results also showed that H. illucens is unsuitable for mass multiplication of S. carpocapsae.
Seasonal Incidence of Pea Leaf Miner Chromatomyia horticola Goureau Infesting Garden Pea
Authors: Khaliq Nadeya , Shankar Uma , Rather Bashir Ahmad , Kumar Yogesh
Published: August 2022

The seasonal incidence of pea leaf miner Chromatomyia horticola Goureau, on garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) was assessed during 2017 and 2018 at the research farm of Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Chatha. The pooled data revealed that the incidence show continuous fluctuation, with first appearance being during the 49th standard meteorological week (SMW)-0.95 miners/leaf which reached its peak (11.00 miners/leaf) during the 4th SMW, then reached to minimum (1.26 miners/leaf) during the 12th SMW. The correlation studies indicated highly significant negative association between incidence and maximum temperature (-0.714**), significant positive one with evening relative humidity (RH) (0.544*); and non-significant ones with minimum temperature (-0.385) and wind speed (-0.74), morning RH (0.258), sunshine (0.013) and rainfall (0.356).
Diversity of Odonata in a coffee ecosystem
Authors: Manikandan K R , M Muthuswami  , N Chitra  , M Ananthan
Published: August 2022

A total of 419 individuals under 5 families, 10 genera and 10 species of Odonata were observed in the present study on the Odonata from a coffee ecosystem at the lower Palni Hills, Tamil Nadu, India. Among these, the family Libellulidae included six species followed by Euphaeidae (2), and Chlorocyphidae, Coenagrionidae and Aeshnidae (1 each). The dominant species were: Pantala flavescens (44.40%) > Diplacodes trivialis (22.70%) > Orthetrum chrysis (7.40%). Pantala flavescens was maximum during northeast monsoon season (50.0%) followed by summer and winter (43.8% each). Margalef index of species richness was maximum (2.00) during winter, and that of Simpson index was maximum (0.75) during south west monsoon. Shannon-Wiener index of dominance was maximum (1.75) during summer. The species were evenly distributed during summer with Pielou’s evenness index value of 0.76.
Evaluation of insecticides against lepidopteran pests of okra
Authors: Patel M M , R K Sharma  , J R Patel  , Manishkumar J Joshi
Published: August 2022

Field experiment for the evaluation of insecticides was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, S D Agricultural University, Ladol during kharif 2018- 2020. Results revealed that least fruit damage caused by Earias vitella F (9.84%) and Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (12.86%) was observed with emamectin benzoate 5SG at 0.0025%. Emamectin benzoate 5SG at 0.0025% gave maximum fruit yield and incremental cost benefit ratio. The pesticide residue analysis with emamectin benzoate 5SG at 0.0025% showed that the residues were below limit at 5 days after the spray. Also, only below MRL residue (0.223 ppm) of spinosad 45SC at 0.0169% was observed.
Emerging Phytoplasma Diseases in Forestry and the Role of Determining the Insect Vectors for the Management of the Diseases
Authors: Sundararaj R , Rishi R Raja , Manjula K N
Published: August 2022

Pathosystem associated with phytoplasmas in forest plants is an emerging threat to forest productivity and biodiversity. Diseases caused by or associated with phytoplasmas occur in hundreds of commercial and native plants, causing minor to extensive damage. Phytoplasmas are wall-less, phloem-limited, insecttransmitted, plant pathogenic bacteria that are transmitted by phloem-sap feeding insects of the order Hemiptera under the families such as Cicadellidae, Delphacidae, Cixiidae, Derbidae, Psyllidae and rarely by Pentatomidae and Tingidae. Disease transmission occurs very quickly, often plants become infected before adopting any management strategies. The single most effective management practice of managing the vector in agricultural/horticultural crop is to cover plants with insect exclusion netting but this is not feasible and practical in the case of forest trees. Because of these limitations, researchers are shifting to manipulation genetics in host plants to affect vector populations and transmission of pathogen but big lacunae exists in our knowledge on the vectors of phytoplasma diseases in Indian forestry. We review the literature addressing the phytoplasma diseases in forest species, the lacunae existing in the insect vectors and the need for determining the vectors for possible management of phytoplasma diseases in forest trees.
Susceptibility of Life Stages of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) to Microwave Radiation
Authors: S Raju  , Chellappan M , Bhaskar H , Sudheer K P
Published: August 2022

Physical methods of stored grain pest management such as microwave radiation can be utilized as a preventive and curative method of pest control. The susceptibility of various lifestages of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) to microwave radiation was studied by irradiating infested wheat flour at 3 cm flour bed thickness. All the life stages of T. castaneum were irradiated at five different power levels viz., 136 W, 264 W, 440 W, 616 W and 800 W for 20 s. Eggs were more susceptible to microwave irradiation, whereas the susceptibility of grubs, pupae and adults were comparable. Mortality of all the life stages of T. castaneum increased with the increase in microwave irradiation power. Mortality of egg, grubs, pupae and adults were highest at an irradiation dose of 800 W i.e., 100, 96, 80 and 80%, respectively. Standardization of power, depth of flour bed thickness and duration of irradiation will enable the utilization of household microwave oven for the disinfestation of food grains.
Effect of Silicon Amendment on Herbivore Induced Plant Volatiles of Rice Plant Infested by Brown Planthopper Nilaparvata Lugens (Stål)
Authors: Tenguri Prabhulinga , Chander Subhash , Nebapure Suresh , P S Arya , T N Madhu , Yele Yogesh
Published: August 2022

Silicon (Si) is known to play a very important role in a plant’s direct and indirect defense. In rice plants, its impact on induced volatiles released upon Brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens feeding is less understood. The BPH-induced volatile compounds from Si amended rice plants were analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The alteration in Herbivore Induced Plant Volatiles (HIPV’s) blend was observed, wherein, total 38 HIPVs were found to be differentially released. The HIPV mainly belongs to alkane, alkene, alcohol and terpene groups. Overall, Si amendment caused a significant effect on the composition of HIPVs in rice, some of which are involved in tri-trophic interaction.
Is het bewijsrecht van toepassing op de ontbindingsprocedure? Een reactie op het artikel ‘Procesrechtelijke bijzonderheden in de ontbindingsprocedure deel 2: het bewijsrecht’ van mr. Vivian Bij de Vaate
Authors: Alt H.J.W.
Published: August 2022

Deze bijdrage is een reactie op het artikel ‘Procesrechtelijke bijzonderheden in de ontbindingsprocedure deel 2: het bewijsrecht’ van mr. Vivian Bij de Vaate.
Appointment of Female Judges in Muslim Countries
Authors: Muneeza Aishath
Published: August 2022

Appointment of Female Judges in Muslim Countries

The purpose of this article is to illuminate one of the contemporary legal dilemmas in Islamic law, namely the appointment of female judges in Muslim countries. The methodology employed is library-based research. The focus of this article is to determine the legal status of appointments of female judges in Shariah courts. It is argued here that female judges can be appointed in Muslim countries and that the main reason for this is that there is no explicit prohibition of it in the fundamental sources of Islamic law. However, the claims that it is contrary to Islamic law to appoint female judges are also discussed here. The outcome of this article is to prove that there is nothing wrong in Islam in appointing female judges as long as they fulfil the necessary conditions.
The Manifestation of Religious Belief Through Dress
Authors: Gray Anthony
Published: August 2022

The Manifestation of Religious Belief Through Dress: Human Rights and Constitutional Issues

Jurisdictions around the world continue to grapple with the clash between religious freedoms and other freedoms and values to which a society subscribes. A recent, and current, debate concerns the extent to which a person is free to wear items of clothing often thought to be symbolic of the Muslim faith, though the issues are not confined to any particular religion. Bans on the wearing of this type of clothing have often (surprisingly) survived human rights challenges, on the basis that governments had legitimate objectives in banning or restricting them. A pending case gives the European Court another chance to reconsider the issues. It is hoped that the Court will closely scrutinise claims of legitimate objectives for such laws; perceptions can arise that sometimes, governments are pandering to racism, intolerance and xenophobia with such measures, rather than seeking to meet more high-minded objectives.
Protection of Intellectual Property Rights Under Islamic Law
Authors: Bagheri Mahmood , Nayyer Mojtaba , Moalla Mahdi
Published: August 2022

Protection of Intellectual Property Rights Under Islamic Law: From Tort to Special Privileges

Knowledge and innovation, which are the basis of intellectual property rights, are public goods leading to some kind of market failure in terms of positive externalities. Such a market failure undermines the motivation for production of knowledge and innovation, which in turn would be a social loss and distributive injustice. Therefore, there has to be a response beyond the mere respect for basic property rights under Islamic law according to the Rule of Prohibition of Harm to others. The general application of such a rule and within the private law paradigm confers merely normal protection to intellectual property rights, like any other property rights, which is too little too late. However, affording the extra protection and special privileges to the owner of such rights as a mechanism to compensate the market and private law failure requires a different interpretation of this rule. This article suggests that ownership rights in knowledge and innovation could benefit from this rule at two levels: a general level of basic rights and a special level of privileges based on a social trade-off and distributive justice to avert a social loss. As such, Islamic law is capable of offering such special privileges to the owner of intellectual property rights who is willing to make a deal with society for improved but limited property rights.
Legislative Drafting in Plain Urdu Language for the Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Authors: Ilahi Mazhar
Published: August 2022

Legislative Drafting in Plain Urdu Language for the Islamic Republic of Pakistan: A Question of Complex Intricacies

The plain language movement (PLM) for the writing of laws calls for improving legislative clarity by drafting the laws in a clear, simple, and precise manner. However, the main purpose of this aspiration is to facilitate the ordinary legislative audience to understand the laws with the least effort. In this respect, turning the pages of recent history reveals that this movement for plain language statutes has mostly been debated and analysed in the context of English as a language of the legislative text. However, in some parts of the multilingual world like India and Pakistan, English is not understood by the ordinary population at a very large scale but is still used as a language of the legislative text. This disparity owes its genesis to different country-specific ethnolingual and political issues. In this context but without going into the details of these ethnolingual and political elements, this article aims to analyse the prospects of plain Urdu legislative language in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan by by analyzing (1) the possibility of producing a plain language version of the legislative text in Urdu and (2) the potential benefit that the ordinary people of Pakistan can get from such plain statutes in terms of the themes of the PLM. In answering these questions, the author concludes that neither (at present) is it possible to produce plain Urdu versions of the statute book in Pakistan nor is the population of Pakistan likely to avail any current advantage from the plain Urdu statutes and further that, for now, it is more appropriate to continue with the colonial heritage of English as the language of the legislative text.
Plain, Clear, and Something More?
Authors: Roebuck Derek
Published: August 2022

Plain, Clear, and Something More? Criteria for Communication in Legal Language

Legislation may be presumed to be intended to transmit a message to those whose conduct it aims to affect. That message achieves its purpose only insofar as it is intelligible to its recipients. Drafters should make every effort to use plain language, but not all meaning can be transferred in plain language. The true criterion is clarity.

‘Mediation’ and ‘conciliation’ are examples of definitions created by legislators which do not correspond with categories in practice. Historical research illuminates cultural differences which affect transmission of meaning. Recent practice also illustrates the possibilities of creative methods for resolving disputes and the dangers of unnecessary prescription.

Imprecise thinking of legislators precludes transmission of precise meaning, as does preference for word-for-word translation. ‘Highest Common Factor’ language is no substitute for natural target language.

No efforts of legislators or translators can prevail against political power. ‘Ignorance of the law is no excuse’ overrides the imperative to transfer meaning.

If research is to be effective, it must be not only comparative but interdisciplinary.
A Crisis Beyond Law, or a Crisis of Law?
Authors: Glinavos Ioannis
Published: August 2022

A Crisis Beyond Law, or a Crisis of Law? Reflections on the European Economic Crisis

This paper attempts to locate the place of law in debates on the economic crisis. It suggests that law is the meeting point of politics and economics, not simply the background to market operations. It is suggested therefore that the law should be seen as the conduit of the popular will through political decision making onto economic systems and processes. The paper argues that the crisis can be seen as being the consequence of the dis-embedding of the political from the economic, and it is this distance that causes legal frameworks to operate in unsatisfactory ways. With this theoretical basis, the paper examines the sovereign debt crisis in Europe. The European debt crisis in general and the plight of Greece in particular show why plasticity in policy making is necessary and also reveal why current orthodox solutions to economic calamities fail. The inflexibility of the neoclassical understanding of the state-market relationship does not allow for avenues out of crisis that are both theoretically coherent and politically welcome. Such realisations form the basis of the examination of the rules framing the Eurozone. This paper, after conducting an investigation of exit points from the Eurozone, condemns the current institutional framework of the EU, and especially the EMU as inflexible and inadequate to deal with the stress being placed on Europe by the crisis.
Collective Action Clauses in the Eurozone
Authors: Bianco Giuseppe
Published: August 2022

Collective Action Clauses in the Eurozone: One Step Forward, Two Steps Back

Amongst the measures taken inside the European Union to tackle the sovereign debt crisis, the focus of the legal scholarship has been mainly on the financial stability mechanisms and the European Central Bank’s action. These initiatives constitute the liquidity assistance part of the response. Arguably, less attention has been devoted to the initiatives intended to face issues of debt sustainability. As regards the course of action to adopt in case a country cannot repay its debt, the European Union opted for collective action clauses (CACs). This paper takes a critical look at the Eurozone CACs. It aims to answer the following research question: Are the adopted CACs an efficient means to achieve their purported objective (i.e. facilitate renegotiations of sovereign bonds between creditors and the sovereign debtor)? To do so, the paper investigates the CACs’ content and their historical bases. It then compares the final version with the initial draft and points to several interesting findings. The paper argues that it is likely that practical results from the use of CACs will be significantly below political leaders’ expectations.
Thermal behavior of solid acids in the Rb3H(SO4)2-RbHSO4 system under ambient atmosphere
Authors: KOWALSKI Chatr Panithipongwut , CHAIJAROEN Permpoon , KAEWNIYOM Farook
Published: August 2022

The thermal behavior of solid acids in the Rb3H(SO4)2-RbHSO4 system under ambient atmosphere has been studied in comparison to the previously reported high-temperature behavior of the same system under humidified atmosphere. The findings showed that, under this level of humidity, the transition of RbHSO4, the transition of Rb5H3(SO4)4, and the disproportionation of Rb3H(SO4)2, occurred at the same temperatures as those under humidified atmosphere. However, the results from differential scanning calorimetry did not reveal the reaction temperature between Rb3H(SO4)2 and RbHSO4 due to the slow process. The dehydration temperatures of Rb5H3(SO4)4 were surprisingly similar between the systems under low and high humidity levels, while the dehydration of RbHSO4 under low humidity occurred at a lower temperature than that previously reported. Additionally, the findings suggested that the humidity levels played some roles in the kinetics of the reaction between Rb3H(SO4)2 and RbHSO4 which should be further studied.
Synthesis of a two-part geopolymer from red mud and silica fume
Authors: Mandal Arup Kumar
Published: August 2022

In this present study, the development of a two-part geopolymer from waste red mud (RM) and silica fume (SF) by alkali activator is examined. The influence of silica fume addition, alkali concentration, curing duration are studied. The compressive strength of geopolymers has been achieved 0.8 MPa to 8 MPa with varying different compositions and synthesis parameters. The optimum RM/SF ratio is 60/40, the optimum solid/solution ratio is 1.8 gmL-1 or 2 gmL-1, and the optimum Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio is 0.5 day for 28 days curing time. The incorporation of iron in the geopolymer matrix contributes to geopolymerization. The study suggests that the produced geopolymer can be used as cementitious materials for making pavement and other valuable constructional materials. This procedure will be environment friendly and cheaper also.
Laser powder bed fusion of Ti6Al4V-xCu: Process parameters
Authors: DZOGBEWU Thywill Ccphas
Published: August 2022

The original intent of coating biomedical and surgical devices surface with antibacterial agents is to prevent infections. However, the difference in the material properties between the biomedical devices and the coating materials causes the coating material to spall from the biomedical devices. To address the situation, the current research focused on investigating the possibility of using laser powder bed fusion process a subset of additive manufacturing technology to in situ alloy 1 at% Cu with Ti6Al4V. In situ alloying 1 at% Cu with Ti6Al4V would lead to the production of medical and surgical devices with inbuilt antibacterial property. To determine the optimum process parameters that could be used to manufacture the Ti6Al4V- 1 at% Cu alloy, single tracks were produced over a wide range of laser powers and scanning speeds and analyzed. Process parameters of 170 W, 1.0 ms-1 and hatch distance of 80 µm were identified as the possible optimum process parameters for manufacturing the Ti6Al4V- 1 at% Cu alloy. Rescanning was identified as a good strategy to improve the surface roughness, homogeneity and surface concentration of the Cu in the Ti6Al4V- 1 at% Cu alloy matrix.
Characteristic of fluorescence spectroscopy response of tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin doped polyaniline toward Fe3+ ion
Authors: Panithipongwut kowalsk Chatr , Buntee Meatawadee , Pattananuwat Prasit
Published: August 2022

Here, we report a selective colorimetric chemosensor toward Fe3+ ion detection by the combination of sensitizer and hole transport consisting of polyaniline and tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin. Interestingly, the presence of tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin moiety on polyaniline can enhance the optical limiting properties of polyaniline, allowing the fluorophore signal for chemical sensor. The performance sensing behaviors toward metal ion are observed by the ultraviolet-Visible and fluorescence properties. The sensing of polyaniline-tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin toward Fe3+ ion exhibits a linear response in the concentration range of 0.01 M to 1.0 × 10-4 M over the other transition metals (Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Mn2+, B2+ and Ag+). A turn-off color of fluorescence emission can be applied for the rapid visualization of Fe3+ ion. The effective response of pH-independent Fe3+ ion sensing of polyaniline-tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin by quenching fluorescence reveals sufficiency in range of 4.0-12.0.
Assessment of genetic diversity of some commonly grown rice genotypes of South Bengal using microsatellite markers associated with the saltol QTL mapped on 1"chromosome
Authors: Lodha T , Karmakar J , Roychoudhuri R , Dey N
Published: August 2022

A total of 16 common rice lines and one wild rice relative grown in rarh south Bengal were genotyped using six polymorphic microsatellite markers associated with saltol QTL mapped on rice chromosome. DNA fingerprint profiles identified each of the 17 rice genotypes unequivocally and the pair-wise polymorphism data for the studied genotypes were used to analyze the genetic diversity present within the studied rice lines. The number of alleles per SSLP marker, the size range of the PCR products and the polymorphism information content (PIC) values of each marker were calculated out. A dendrogram was constructed using the average linkage (within group) and similarity coefficient among the studied genotypes which indicated that a considerable amount of genetic diversity is present and classify the studied genotypes into two major clusters and one minor cluster.
Governance structure and innovation to create and remunerate value in the specialty beef chain
Authors: Guimarães Amanda Ferreira , Schiavi Sandra Mara de Alencar , Pereira Jaiane Aparecida , Souza José Paulo de , Bouroullec Mélise Dantas Machado
Published: August 2022

Objective: To understand how the governance structure between producers and slaughter cooperatives of specialty beef chain in Paraná, Brazil, influence innovation and the remuneration of the value generated.Methodology: Semi-structured interviews were performed with 17 agents from two cooperatives and producers in the specialty beef chain in Paraná, Brazil. Originality: This study seeks to fill a gap in the literature by combining innovation and efficiency theories to assess how agents organize themselves enable them to create and remunerate the value generated.Main results: This study shows that producers and cooperatives organize themselves in a hybrid form involving verbal agreements which enable innovations due to information exchanges between producers. However, possible failures in value distribution stem from the non-remuneration of quality attributes, which may discourage innovations and the performance of the chain.Managerial contributions: Despite failures, cooperatives promote innovation and are a viable alternative for producers to compete in the market. Incentives can mitigate the risks associated with the observed failures. This study provides insights for private and public actions to encourage the formation of these arrangements and to improve the coordination of innovation subsystems.Theoretical contributions: Since efficiency theories underestimate innovation, our analysis employed efficiency and innovation theories, contributing to the better understanding of subsystems which depend on innovation to produce specialty products.
COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT IN MANAGING DAIRY MILK INTO A SUPERIOR PRODUCT
Authors: Jaya Tiara Juliana
Published: August 2022

The empowerment of dairy farmers in Indonesia has not been able to meet the needs of national milk demand. The research conducted is an effort to increase milk productivity. Each region has superior products that are expected to be able to become a foundation for the welfare of the community. One of the superior products of kradinan village is dairy cow's milk. With the existence of KKN DR UIN Malang, it is hoped that it will be able to provide assistance and community empowerment. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive approach. Data collection techniques include interviews, observations, documents, and focus group discussions and are refined by data triangulation. The results of KKM DR UIN Malang provide socialization of community utilization in creating superior products.
KONTRIBUSI OCCUPATIONAL SELF EFFICACY TERHADAP JOB INSECURITY PADA KARYAWAN KONTRAK
Authors: Maytri Nuradha  , Anita Zulkaida  , Desi Susianti
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kontribusi occupational self efficacy terhadap job insecurity padakaryawan kontrak. Responden dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 94 karyawan kontrak dengan karakteristikberjenis kelamin laki-laki maupun perempuan, minimal pendidikan terakhir SMA, masa kontrak kerja telahberjalan minimal 1 tahun, serta bidang pekerjaan operasional. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakanteknik purposive sampling.Alat pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner berupaskala job insecurity scale (JIS) dan occupational self efficacy scale (OCCSEFF). Uji hipotesis penelitian inimenggunakan teknik analisis regresi sederhana. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ada kontribusi yangsignifikan occupational self efficacy terhadap job insecurity pada karyawan kontrak. Adapun koefisien Rsquare yang diperoleh sebesar 0,079 yang berarti bahwa terdapat kontribusi occupational self efficacyterhadap job insecurity sebesar 7,9%, sisanya 92.1 % merupakan pengaruh dari faktor lain diluar variabelpenelitian diantaranya role conflict, role ambiquity, locus of control, dan organizational change.
Livssyn hos humanistiske konfirmanter – implikasjoner for religions- og livssynsundervisning
Authors: Vestøl Jon Magne
Published: August 2022

Livssyn kom inn som tema i religionsundervisningen i Norge i siste del av 1900-tallet. Det er likevel fortsatt vesentlige sider ved livssynsbegrepet som trenger nærmere av­klaring. Dette gjelder blant annet hvordan livssyn og livssynsforståelse framtrer hos elever som definerer seg som ikke-religiøse. Denne artikkelen er et bidrag til å belyse dette. Den undersøker hvordan humanistiske konfirmanter beskriver sitt livssyn, og hvilke implikasjoner dette kan ha for forståelse av livssynsbegrepet og for skolens religions- og livssynsundervisning.
Artikkelen er basert på en kvalitativ analyse av intervjuer med fire ungdommer som beskriver seg selv som ikke-religiøse, og som ble rekruttert med bakgrunn i at de har deltatt i humanistisk konfirmasjon. Undersøkelsen viser i hovedsak samsvar mellom ungdommenes og forskningslitteraturens beskrivelser av livssyn, med vekt på virkelig­hetsforståelse, menneskesyn, eksistensielle spørsmål, livssynspraksis, verdier og mening, og med vekt på et livssynsbegrep som inkluderer ulike livssynsformer, så vel sekulære og religiøse som organiserte og personlige. Samtidig framhever informant­ene behov for selvstendighet i forhold til etablerte livssyn, de peker på behov for å utvide grenser for sekulær livssynsforståelse, for eksempel i spørsmålet om hva som skjer etter døden, og de viser hvordan også personlige livssyn kan ha en tydelig praksisdimensjon. Med dette som utgangspunkt peker studien på at det kan være behov for å avklare livssynsbegrepet i læreplaner og i undervisning. Dette gjelder særlig forholdet mellom organiserte og personlige livssyn og hvilken rolle elevenes personlige og eksistensielle livssynsspørsmål skal ha i undervisningsarbeidet.
Auggie’s Motivation Facing Discrimination in Wonder Novel By R.J Palacio
Authors: Nurfajriani Nurfajriani , Maca Sudirman , Abeng Andi Tenri
Published: August 2022

This study aims to discover the type of discrimination experienced by Auggie and how the psychological aspects of Auggie based on Abraham Maslow's theory in Wonder novel by R.J. Palacio. The data source used in this study was the novel Wonder. In analyzing the data, the writer used a qualitative research method through a psychology approach. Data were obtained by using reading, noting, and analyzing techniques. While in classifying and analyzing data, the writer used Abraham Maslow's theory. The writer found that the novel Wonder by R.J Palacio contained 13 data indicating that the character experienced discrimination there were 6 data direct discrimination and 7 data indirect discrimination, and 25 data indicating the Hierarchy of human needs. This data is divided into 5 types of needs. The first need was physiological needs with 4 data, the second is safety needs with 4 data, love and belonging needs with 6 data, esteem needs with 7 data, and self-actualization needs with 5 data.
Politeness Principle in H.G. Well’s Novel “The War of the Worlds”
Authors: Sari Dinda , Moelier Dahlia D. , Maca Sudirman
Published: August 2022

This Study aims to identify the type of politeness principle used by the character in the novel and to find out how the politeness principle that was used by the characters in the novel. The data source of the study is the novels In H.G Well’s The War of The World. In analyzing the data, the researcher used qualitative descriptive method and Maxim’s theory. Data were obtained by using the techniques of reading and analyzing. In this study, researcher found 19 data using 6 types of leech theory, namely tact maxim, modesty maxim, approbation maxim, agreement maxim, sympathy maxim, and generosity maxim. In using tact maxim the characters express it in a sincere way, in using modesty Maxim the characters used it by reducing self-praise, in using approbation maxim characters use it in a polite way of praising someone. The agreement maxim used by the characters for asking permission and agreeing, while sympathy maxim used by characters to to keep the people feeling, and generosity maxim for praising someone.
Interrogative Sentences Between East Manggarai Language And English
Authors: Rana Febriansi Novari , Moelier Dahlia D. , Abeng Andi Tenri
Published: August 2022

This research aims to describe the structure of interrogative sentences between East Manggarai Language And English also to find the contrast of interrogative sentences  between East Manggarai Language And English.This research is a descriptive qualitative research with the sample of native speakers of East Manggarai language in Satar Punda Village, East Manggarai language, NTT. The method used is contrastive method purposed by Tarigan and using sentence function theory from Hariyono & Rahman for analyzed the Interrogative sentence in the form of Yes/No question. Then used the theory purposed by Azar to find the sentence function and the sentence pattern in the form of Wh-Question and also Question Tag.The results of this research indicated that there was a dominant difference in language use between East Manggarai and English, namely in terms of sentence structure where the placement of the interrogative words used has a very significant difference. One of the data found in the interrogative sentence in East Manggarai language is a Yes/No Question sentence, which generally has a predicate and also subject at the beginning of the sentence and ends with the Question word (koh, teh, teh gah, neh, etc). Meanwhile, in English the interrogative sentences structure is generally preceded by a Question word (Am, Is, Are, and Do, Does, Did, etc). In addition, the verb in the East Manggarai language also can not undergo changes and get modification because they were not influenced by adverbs. While, the verb in English can undergo changes depending on the word convention and also the context in the sentence.
Judgement Modality In The Editorials Of The Epoch Times Newspaper
Authors: Sam Suci , Moelier Dahlia D. , Maca Sudirman
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the type of epistemic modality most frequently used and also to determine the speaker's attitude towards his editorial. The level of editorial confidence in the written editorial can be seen by looking at the use of verb modals which is epistemic modality. The writer assesses modality based on qualitatif method to describe the speaker’s attitude and quantitative to determine the type of modality that is the most often used. The data collection procedure was sourced from newspaper and used 43 editorial texts as the research sample. The results of this study found that the type of epistemic modality most often used was the assumptive type which reached 61,8%. The second is the speculative type with a percentage of 26,4%. The third is deductive type with a percentage of 8,9%. And the fourth is concessive type with a percentage of 2,9%. Apart from that, this study also found that the speaker's attitude was doubtful about his proposition when based only on possible conclusions. The speaker's attitude is confident in his proposition when it is based on a sound conclusion. The speaker's attitude of being confident and believing what is necessity to do is based on the only possible conclusion. And the speaker predicts something to be true when the speaker has evidence that contrasts with the proposition.
The Racism of The Black Women in Audre Lorde Selected Poems Entitle Power, Who Said It Was Simple, and A Woman Speaks
Authors: Lady Lady , Moelier Dahlia D. , Asyrafunnisa Asyrafunnisa
Published: August 2022

This study aims to describe the racism reflected in the poems entitled Power, ‘Who Said It Was Simple and A Woman Speaks, and to reveal the power of black women against racism in Audre Lorde's poems entitled Power, Who Said It Was Simple and A Woman Speaks. The method used in the collection is the documentation method because the writer collected data from the poems. Data collection was carried out by reading the poem in a comprehensive manner to understand its entire content and find the meaning, especially the essence associated with the topic, identifying data which could be a sentence, then the data object can be separated from each stanza and found the value of racism on each line of poetry, after knowing the results of the analysis the writer will draw conclusions. While the data analysis steps the writer uses critical race theory by Delgado and Stefancic (2001), such as: racism, race and power. Second, identifying the power of black women by utilizing the concept of Black Feminist by Collins (2000), and the Black Power Movement edited by Joseph (2006), then the writer interprets the data, the final step is to draw conclusions. The author can draw some conclusions that the 3 types of poetry are classified into satire and are written based on the reality that occurs in the author’s experience. In the poem 'Power', there are several aspects of racism, namely skin colour, injustice, segregation and racial discrimination. From the poem 'Who Said It Was', there are aspects of racism, such as gender, skin colour, and homophobia. In poem 'A woman speak’ there are several aspects of racism contained in poetry, namely discrimination against race, sex, and skin colour. Apart from racist values, the three poems also contained ‘The Power of Black Women’ or what is called the power or means used by women to fight racism.