bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UPLC-ESI-MS/MS and Various Chromatographic Technique for Identification of Phytochemicals in Populus euphratica Oliv. Leaves Extract
Authors: Ezghayer Mohammed A. , J. Kadhim Enas
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study is to screen the phytochemicals found in Populus euphratica leaves since this type of trees are used traditionally by many villagers as treatment for eczema and other skin disease and also this plant is poorly investigated for their phytochemicals especially in Iraq. Phytochemical screening of the extracts obtained from the n-hexane and chloroform fraction of leaves of Populus euphratica was done by Thin-layer chromatography and various spraying reagents to test if alkaloids, sterols and other compounds are present. UPLC-electrospray ionization –tandem mass spectroscopy along with GC-MS and HPTLC are used to identify the phytochemicals present in the plant leaves.UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method 20 compounds have been identified in various fractions among which are protopine alkaloids. salicin, salicortin, tremulacin. GC-MS showed that the observed data obtained are matched with that in NIST library and confirmed the presence of Hexadecanoic acid trimethylsilyl ester in 43.80% beta-Sitosterol in 37.14% and Diisooctyl phthalate 11.46%.UPLC-ESI-MS/MS is a powerful method for the identification of compounds in mixture based on comparison of their molecular, weight retention time and MS/MS fragmentation. Protopine alkaloid is identified for the first time in Populus euphratica and genus Populus. GC-MS is a valuable method for both qualification and quantification of various phytochemicals that are volatile in nature

Keywords: Populus euphratica, GC-MS, phytochemical, UPLC-ESI-MS/MS
Selected Aspects of the Residential Property Market in the Context of Creating a City Image (an Example from Rzeszów)
Authors: Kuźniar Wiesława , Cyran Kazimierz
Published: June 2020

The main goal of the article is to evaluate the city’s real estate sub-product and identify the impact of perception of this urban sphere on the overall image of Rzeszów city among students. A thesis was accepted by the authors that the attractive image of Rzeszów determines the development of the residential real estate market, attracting especially young, educated people to the city. On the basis of a literature analysis of the subject, information obtained from secondary sources on the topic of Rzeszów, as well as surveys carried out in 2018 among students (n = 325), the thesis was confirmed. Thanks to the fast, modern development of the city and consistently implemented marketing activities, Rzeszów is perceived as an innovative city that is friendly to residents, investors and students. This contributes to the inflow of new, usually young, educated residents and investors, which in turn translates into high dynamics in the residential real estate market. Questionnaire surveys carried out among students have shown that they highly appreciate the current image of Rzeszów and, most after graduation, plan to stay in the city which in their opinion is an attractive place for everyday life.
The Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire (CECA)
Authors: Shirinbayan Peymaneh , Salavati Mahyar , Soleimani Farin , Saeedi Ahmad , Asghari-Jafarabadi Mohammad , Hemmati Sahel , Vameghi Roshanak
Published: June 2020

Background: The present study aimed to determine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire (CECA.Q), a tool based on a retrospective interview with the child. Materials and Methods: To this aim, 251 adolescents from four regions of Tehran megacity completed the questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was examined, along with the face and content validity. In addition, the construct validity was evaluated by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results: EFA and CFA supported a 4-factor solution including mother’s role scale items, father’s role scale items, maternal behavior scale items, and paternal behavior scale items.  The total variance extracted in EFA ranged from 33.9 to 60.7. The internal consistency for mother’s role, father’s role, maternal behavior, and paternal behavior was 0.61, 0.65, 0.86, and 0.9 respectively. Thus, the questionnaire had a suitable fit, as well as reasonable reliability and validity. Conclusion:  The Persian version of the CECA.Q had adequate reliability and validity as a self-report measurement for childhood experience of care and abuse. [GMJ.2020;9:e1663]
Role of MicroRNAs in Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Acute Heart Failure: Ambassadors from Intracellular Zone
Authors: Sadat-Ebrahimi Seyyed-Reza , Aslanabadi Naser
Published: June 2020

Acute heart failure (AHF) is one of the burdensome diseases affecting a considerable proportion of the population. Recently, it has been demonstrated that micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) can exert diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic roles in a variety of conditions including AHF. These molecules play essential roles in HF-related pathophysiology, particularly, cardiac fibrosis, and hypertrophy. Some miRNAs namely miRNA-423-5p are reported to have both diagnostic and prognostic capabilities. However, some studies suggest that combination of biomarkers is a much better way to achieve the highest accuracy such as the combination of miRNAs and N-terminal pro b-type Natriuretic Peptide (NT pro-BNP). Therefore, this review discusses different views towards various roles of miRNAs in AHF. [GMJ.2020;9:e1818]
BİR KÜLTÜRÜN DÖNÜŞÜMÜ: “POSTTÜRKÜ”
Authors: MAK Mahir
Published: June 2020

Cumhuriyet dönemi müzik politikaları ulus-devlet, homojen kültür, standart dil kavramları gibi bir dizi arayış içindedir. TRT bu politikaların uygulanabilirliği ve devamlılığı noktasında ayrıcalıklı bir yere sahiptir. Bilhassa, Anadolu’nun geleneksel müzik kültürünün taşınıp aktarılması yönündeki çabaları oldukça anlamlıdır. Bünyesinde yer verdiği müzik programları, korolar ve derleme çalışmaları bu çabaların birer göstergesi olarak düşünülmelidir. Ancak, taşımış olduğu politik misyonu Anadolu’nun geleneksel müzik haritasını önemli derecede değiştirmiştir. Yanı sıra, TRT, müzik eğitimi veren okullar, konservatuvarlar, belediye ve bakanlık bünyesinde kurulan geleneksel müzik icra eden toplulukların da referans gördüğü bir kurum olması hasebiyle de ayrıcalıklıdır. TRT, uzun yıllar modernizmin ulus-devlet, kimlik ve toplum savları, TRT ve onun kültür yayın programlarının başat dayanakları olmuştur. Bu yayın misyonu, zamanla dönüşen postmodern dünyanın argümanları ile çelişmeye başlamıştır. Modern Türkiye’nin yaratılan türkü algısı, postmodernizmin bir gerekliliğine; posttürkü ye dönüşmüştür. Çalışma içerisinde, yarı kurgulu görüşme yöntemi ile görüşmeler yapılmış, doküman analiz yöntemiyle türkü tanımlamalarına ulaşılmış, TRT ve onun uygulamaları üzerinden eleştirel bir bakış açısı ile var olan türkü tanımlamaları sorgulanmıştır.
TÜRK MÜZİĞİNDE YEKTA, EZGİ VE AREL TEORİLERİNİN POZİTİVİST İNŞASI: KISA FAKAT ELEŞTİREL BİR TARİHÇE
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Okan Murat
Published: June 2020

Günümüzde Türk müziği teorisi olarak tanınan teori, aslında, Şark/Osmanlı müziğine ilmî, asrî ve medenî bir teori kazandırmak maksadıyla başlatılan bir sürecin ürünüdür. Bu teorinin, üç mevlevi şeyhi ile üç müntesibin ortak çalışmalarıyla üretildiğiyle ilgili olarak Öztuna tarafından geliştirilmiş ve yaygın şekilde kabul gören kısa bir anlatı vardır. Bu makalede, Osmanlı müziğinde, teori alanını modernleştirmek için Rauf Yekta, Suphi Ezgi ve Sadeddin Arel tarafından yapılan müdahaleler, tarihsel belge, tanıklık ve anılara dayalı olarak ele alınmaktadır. Araştırmanın amacı geliştirilen teorilerle ilgili olayların ayrıntılı bir kronolojisini oluşturmak; bu teorilerin inşasında doğrudan veya dolaylı şekilde rol alanları belirlemek ve tüm bulguları prosopografik çerçevede değerlendirilmektir. Kronolojide, sürecin bilinmeyen, ihmal edilmiş olan, az veya yanlış bilinen ayrıntılarına odaklanılmıştır. Veriler ışığında, teorinin modernleştirilmesi çalışmalarına katılanlar, Rauf Yekta ve Sadeddin Arel isimleri etrafında ele alınmıştır. Buna göre Rauf Yekta’nın etrafındaki isimler Mevlevi şeyhleri Ataullah ve Celaleddin, matematikçi Salih Zeki Bey ve dolaylı olarak Mikail Mishaqa’dır. Arel’in etrafında toplanan isimlerden Suphi Ezgi ve Salih Murad Uzdilek çalışmalara doğrudan katılırken, Yılmaz Öztuna da, sürecin tarihyazım boyutunda dolaylı olarak yer almıştır. Bu arada Mevlevi Şeyhi Hüseyin Fahreddin’in ise Öztuna’nın yaptığı bir hatadan dolayı çalışmalara dahil edildiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Araştırmanın prosopografik boyutu, modernleştiricilerin, basın, yabancı elçilikler, yabancı okullar, sufi tarikatlar, bürokratlar, siyasi partiler, misyonerler, edebiyatçılar ve masonlar gibi çok çeşitli sosyal, siyasal ve entelektüel çevrelerle girift ilişkiler içinde olduklarını göstermiştir. Teoriyi modernleştirmek isteyenler, yaptıkları müdahaleleri bilim ve ilerleme fikri üzerinden meşrulaştırmaya çabalamışlar; Garpçılık ve Comte pozitivizmini ise bir topyekün kurtuluş çaresi olarak görmüşlerdir. Ses sistemi ve teorik içerikle ilgili temel araştırmaların tümü, Rauf Yekta tarafından yapılmış olmasına rağmen, ölümünden sonra bu içerik, Arel tarafından, Batı armonik tonalitesine uygun olarak dönüştürülmüş ve bu son haliyle de, Türk müziği teorisi olarak bilinir olmuştur.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПРОЦЕССА УБЕГАНИЯ ЭЛЕКТРОНОВ НА ОСНОВЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОГО ДИНАМИЧЕСКОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА
Authors: Джумагулова К.Н. , Сейсембаева М.М. , Шаленов Е.О.
Published: June 2020

Высокоэнергичные электроны появляются в плазме, например, в термоядерных устройствах, солнечных вспышках, лазерной плазме, энергетических разрядах, связанных с грозами. Одним из важных механизмов появления таких надтепловых электронов является убегание электронов. Убегающие электроны играют положительную роль в случае кильватерного ускорения, инерциального термоядерного синтеза (ICF) быстрого зажигания и т.д., однако могут представлять собой большую проблему, а именно неконтралируемостью, что ведет, например, к повреждению стенок термоядерной установки. Поэтому понимание механизма и знание динамики убегающих электронов необходимо для разработки методов управления этими частицами. В этой работе было исследовано явление убегания электронов в плотной квазиклассической плазме на основе эффективного потенциала взаимодействия, который учитывает динамическое экранирование и квантово-механический эффект дифракции. Используя метод фазовых функций, были вычислены транспортные сечения рассеяния электронов на ионах и других электронах, на их основе определена длина свободного пробега электронов при различных значениях параметров плотности и связи. Также было исследовано внешнее электрическое поле (поле Дрейсера), при воздействии которого электроны могут переходить в режим непрерывного убегания в максимуме значения силы трения. Показано, что с увеличением плотности и уменьшением температуры плазмы поле Дрейсера увеличивается.
ОБ УЧЕТЕ РЕЛАКСАЦИОННЫХ СВОЙСТВ МУЛЬТИФАЗНЫХ СИСТЕМ ПРИ ГИДРАВЛИЧЕСКОМ РАСЧЕТЕ ТРУБОПРОВОДОВ
Authors: Исмайылова Ф.Б. , Исмайылов Г.Г. , Новрузова С.Г.
Published: June 2020

Исследованиями в модели трубопровода (длиной 3,5 м и диаметром 0,016 м) было установлено, что при перекачке высоковязких, парафинистых нефтей с добавками керосина в стационарных расходных характеристиках при концентрации керосина выше 30% происходит искривление в зависимости Q = f (ΔP), что может служить признаком возможного нарушения гидравлической устойчивости потока. Анализы показали, что на основе критерия Рейнольдса как для вязких, так и вязко-пластичных моделей не удается установить нарушения ламинарного режима, т.е. потери устойчивости стационарного потока. Реологические исследования показали, что отмеченные системы характеризуются релаксационными, т.е. вязко-упругими свойствами. Так, данные ротовискозиметрических исследований, результаты которых были обработаны согласно методике Кросса позволили установить наличии линейной вязкоупругости в этих системах, что подтверждается строгой линейностью зависимостей в координатах ( ) 2 2 = 1 f τ η . Такая интерпретация в случае линейной вязкоупругости позволила определить параметр времени релаксации (θ ), который для системы с содержанием растворителя 36, 43, 54, 66 и 72% составил соответственно 0,074; 0,061; 0,050; 0,041 и 0,029 с. В статье сделана попытка на основе анализа существенных экспериментальных данных обобщить результаты исследований гидравлических характеристик реологических сложных жидкостей, описываемых максвелловской вязкоупругой моделью. Предложен диагностический критерий для учета релаксационных свойств перекачиваемых мультифазных систем при гидравлическом расчете трубопроводов.
К ОБРАТНОЙ ЗАДАЧЕ НЕБЕСНОЙ МЕХАНИКИ
Authors: Омарова Г.Т. , Омарова Ж.Т. , Омаров Ч.Т.
Published: June 2020

Данная работа посвящена обратной задаче небесной механики, исследование которой приобрело актуальность в связи с интенсивным освоением космического пространства и изучением гравитационных и других силовых полей планет Солнечной системы, других небесных тел и гравитирующих систем. Обратная задача небесной механики - это задача об определении потенциала, порождающего заданный набор, или семейство орбит. Широкую известность получило уравнение Себехея – линейное уравнение в частных производных первого порядка для потенциала автономной консервативной системы с двумя степенями свободы, порождающего заданное однопарамерическое семейство плоских орбит. Это уравнение дало импульс целой серии исследований в области небесной механики. Существует целая серия работ, посвященных обобщению уравнения Себехея и его различным аналогам. В ряде исследований были представлены свойства и интерпретации уравнения Себехея с точки зрения аналитической механики, некоторые из которых обобщены в данной статье. Расширенный обзор проделан с целью подчеркнуть важность проведения дальнейших исследований обратной задачи небесной механики и ее применения для изучения актуальных проблем динамики различных гравитирующих систем.
El poder adquisitivo de los salarios en 1983
Authors: Ortega Victorino
Published: June 2020

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El Déficit público
Authors: Gorosquieta Javier
Published: June 2020

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La formación del responsable sindical
Authors: Mesejo José
Published: June 2020

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El Tribunal constitucional y los derechos fundamentales
Authors: Fernández Segado Francisco
Published: June 2020

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浅析水利工程建设与水利工程管理
Authors: 谢 强
Published: June 2020

在经济不断发展的背景下,水利工程建设也在不断发展,这就让其管理变得更加复杂。水利工程建设不关与国家利益息息相关,还和人们生活有紧密的联系。在水利工程建设中加强水利工程管理可以让工程在施工的时候具有规范化,将整个工程的施工质量提升。但是现阶段水利工程建设管理中还存在一些问题,需要进行分析并解决。本文就水利工程建设管理中存在的问题进行了阐述,并且列举几条解决措施,希望可以帮助到相关人员。
浅析水利工程施工现场质量管理办法
Authors: 冯 涛
Published: June 2020

作为国民经济的重要支柱,水利工程不仅关系着建设单位的收益和发展,更关系着人民群众的生命安全,肩负着社会的和谐稳定发展。基于此,本文主要就水利工程的施工特点及当前质量管理控制存在的问题进行介绍,浅析水利工程施工现场质量管理办法。
水资源管理中存在的问题及解决对策分析
Authors: 吐尔逊 萨塔尔 •
Published: June 2020

水资源是人类赖以生存的基础,同时也是维持社会经济的重要保障。新疆地区人均水资源十分丰富,但受到时空条件的制约,其分布并不均衡,由此也造成了该地区水资源供给与社会经济发展需求严重失衡。加强水资源管理工作能够实现水资源的优化利用,对于新疆地区的和谐稳定发展具有十分重要的意义。本文简要阐述了新疆水资源特征,重点就水资源管理中存在的问题及解决对策进行全面探讨和研究,希望推动新疆地区水资源管理水平的全面提升。
基于水电厂电气自动化控制设备可靠性
Authors: 李 新怀
Published: June 2020

随着社会与科技发展,我国各个领域的技术水平均得到较好的改善。其中,水电厂电气自动化控制技术的应用对水利行业起到了较好的推动作用。水电厂相关工作的质量与自动化电气控制设备的运行有着紧密的联系,所以相关企业应重视其可靠性的研究。本文简述了水电厂电气自动化控制设备的可靠性的作用,总结了部分设备质量检测方式,分析了部分设备运行的影响因子,提出了部分改善电气自动化控制设备的可靠性的方法。
水利工程造价在设计阶段的控制与管理研究
Authors: 邓 波
Published: June 2020

众所周知,水资源不仅是人类的赖以生存的自然根本,也是促使社会能够长久发展的重要能源,因而在我国实施水利工程的目的就是对地下或地表所含有的水资源进行控制使用以及保护。但是,在我国进行水利工程的设计阶段常会出现不同程度的造价问题,从而影响了整个水利工程的正常建设。正因如此,本文通过对水利工程造价的原则加以叙述,描述在树立工程设计阶段造价控制所存在的问题,并以此为基础提出相应的造价控制问题解决建议。
水库工程水土保持及综合治理技术
Authors: 史 皓男
Published: June 2020

我国地势地形丰富,不同地域会因地制宜建造不同的工程设施,在很多山区水源附近经常会修建很多水库,它既有助于人们对水资源合理利用,还能起到防洪抗灾的作用,因此对于国家和人民都具有非常重要的存在意义,然而近年来,受不稳定气象影响,加之水库地理位置的特殊性,由于恶劣天气造成的水土流失、山体滑坡灾害逐渐增多,虽然应急救灾部门和政府也在不断努力,但是治理过程中仍存在不少问题,水库的水土流失现象依然没有彻底解决,这使得水库无法实现其建设价值,在这种形势下,人们对水库工程水土保持及综合治理技术更为重视,且显得非常有必要,这也是本文即将探讨的重点,希望借此能更好地保护水库工程,促使其为社会提供优质的服务。
基于生态理念的农田水利建设对策
Authors: 阿布力米提 米吉提 •
Published: June 2020

开展农田水利建设工作对于提高农业生产能力有着重要作用,对于增强农业水田灌溉系统以及土地资源的合理化配置有着积极意义。农田水利工程作为我国水利工程的重要组成部分,具有非常高的地位,受到内外部因素的影响,使得农田水利的经济效益受到影响。本文以新疆地区作为研究对象,介绍生态脆弱干旱区环境的特征,并站在生态理念的角度分析农田水利建设的重要性,分析开展农田水利建设工作的基本思路,并提出相关的建议策略。
浅析水利建筑工程中的河道堤防施工及其质量管理
Authors: 杨 永利
Published: June 2020

伴随着我们国家综合国力的不断提升,水利工程实现了突飞猛进的发展,水利堤防工程的施工质量管理对水利工程的应用效果能够产生十分重要的影响,基于以上的原因,本文结合笔者多年的工作时间经验,就水利堤防工程的施工质量管理措施进行了精心的分析和思考,并提出了自己的看法和观点,通过与各位进行分享,希望能够给广大的同行们带来一些指导和帮助,以此来提升我们行业的水利工程质量。
小型灌区农田水利渠道设计及施工要点
Authors: 张 国瑞
Published: June 2020

近年来,随着生产技术的不断发展,我国农业呈现规模化发展趋势,小型灌区农田水利工程得到广泛应用,为农业生产活动的顺利开展提供有力支持,具有实施灵活、适用范围广、建设成本低廉等优势。但小型灌区农田水利工程的设计水平、施工质量有待优化提升,普遍存在管区内排水不畅、渠道堵塞等问题,难以充分发挥工程应用效能,实际运行效果不够理想。因此,本文对小型灌区农田水利工程的渠道设计及施工要点进行简单叙述,以供参考。
350MW汽轮机主汽门严密性试验期间振动异常原因分析及处理
Authors: 赵 振
Published: June 2020

文章针对某电厂350MW汽轮发电机组主汽门严密性试验期间出现的振动异常进行原因分析、查找。通过对机组冲转、定速过程中轴瓦振动特征的全面分析,提出处理方案,并利用机组停运机会进行了检查治理。机组再次启动后轴承振动情况良好,保证了机组顺利启动,提高了设备健康水平。
建筑给排水施工技术要点浅析
Authors: 周 甜甜
Published: June 2020

当代我国社会经济发展迅猛,其背后是城市化进程的不断加快,建筑规模的扩大意味着建筑工程施工技术已经向前发展了很大一个层次。在工程中给排水质量直接影响着人们日常的生活及企业的生产。正因为此,提高工程建筑给排水施工技术是在为人们构建一个舒适稳定安逸的生活环境,从一大方面直接影响了当代人们的需求。
水利建设的现状调研和分析——以修水县为例
Authors: 马 秋林
Published: June 2020

水利基础建设是关系国计民生的重要事业,在农村地区建设水利基础设施,能夯实农村发展基础,进而保障农业发展和农民增收。本文以修水县为例,在阐述该县水利基础设施建设情况的基础上,分析其在水利工程建设中的问题,并针对性地指出今后水利工程建设要点。期望能进一步提升该县水利建设效率和质量,继而促进县域经济社会的进一步发展。
电力技术发展中电力生产安全问题的思考
Authors: 侯 小红
Published: June 2020

如今,电力技术水平不断提高,人们对电力生产安全的标准要求也随之提高。为有效避免电力技术在应用过程中出现问题,加强电力生产安全方面的研究显得尤为重要。对此,本文围绕电力技术发展进程中的电力生产安全问题展开探究。
解析水利工程运行管理与水资源可持续利用
Authors: 陈 龙
Published: June 2020

在我国社会经济发展中,水利工程起着极为重要的作用,其事关民生,对于节水、防洪等具有重要影响。如果未能对水利工程的运行管理工作进行有效管理,一方面会阻碍工程作用的发挥,同时也不利于水资源的可持续利用。故而加大对水利工程运行管理与水资源可持续利用问题的研究就尤为必要。
解析水管体制改革与水利管理现代化
Authors: 徐 秉玲
Published: June 2020

如今,我国经济体制的改革深化,推动了各类专业领域的不断向前,这其中也包括水利工程领域。水利管理趋向现代化、先进化,本文就将重点分析水管体制的改革工作,以促进水利管理的现代化,推动我国水利工程建设事业的可持续发展。
Ukrainian Scientific Research Institute of Economics and Agriculture Organization: first scientific report (1928–1929)
Authors: Zosimov I.
Published: June 2020

The publication explores the first scientific report of the Ukrainian Scientific Research Institute of Economics and Agriculture Organization for 1928–1929. It functioned in 1928–1937, but there are no materials about its scientific activity. The report is presented in the publications in the periodical «Journal of Agricultural Science and Experiential Deed» and archival institutions in Ukraine.
Scientific and educational providing of the horticulture sphere in the Umansky region at the beginning of the 20th century
Authors: Nyzhnyk S.
Published: June 2020

The author considered the horticultural development state in the Umansky region in the first quarter of the last century. Also he described the role of the Uman National University of Horticulture for the Ukrainian horticulture sphere and its contribution to the development of national science. Besides the author examined the problems of research and generalized creative pursuits of the national scientists. The research is based on the use of general scientific complex and historical methods, a rich base of sources.
Life, scientific and organizational activities of academician Yefym Fedotovych Lyskun (1873 – 1958)
Authors: Prysyazhnyuk M.
Published: June 2020

In article historical aspects of a vital and scientific way of Ye.F. Lyskun are stated. The scientist’s contribution to development of branch of livestock production and preparation of scientific shots for agrarian economy has been analyzed. The researches on a craniology, cultivation and feeding of farm animals conducted by him, and also technologies of forages are considered.
Assimetria of public policy of Ukraine in industry of library business : reformation actual and imaginary
Authors: Salata H.
Published: June 2020

The state policy and the needs of the community dictate models of libraries and information centers development and set certain tasks, such as providing information sources, consultations, and services. It is necessary to establish a new paradigm of organization and functioning of the libraries within the context of globalization and information revolution. The basis of these changes is democratization of the national program of librarianship development in Ukraine based on modernization of libraries in all its forms: from library staff trainings to funding for the material maintenance of the library.
Development of George Gamow to the «Theory of great explosion»
Authors: Sinyagina K.
Published: June 2020

This article considers the key-ideas for modern scientific understanding of the origin and evolution of the Universe. George Gamow is one of the first scientists to create the theory of the Big Bang the theory of great explosion. Gamow is a famous physicist who came from the city of Odessa (Ukraine) andgot interested in the origin of chemical elements. He suggested that in the past of the Universe before it had been created by the «Big Bang» (the theory of great explosion), the Universe had had much more substantial density and higher temperature than now. He was the first person to focus on unique properties of the Universe and to suggest existence of cosmic microwave background (CMB). The following disclosure of the CMB started the era of modern cosmology.
Engineer-railroader V.A. Sokovich and magazine «Railway business»
Authors: Fesovets R.
Published: June 2020

This article contains activity review of the first dean of the Exploitation Faculty of the Moscow Institute of Railroads V.А. Sokovich the author of scientific articles published in the industrial magazine «Zheleznodorozhnoe Delo» in the period from 1924 to 1931.
From the history of control and seed business in Ukraine: the meaning and role of N.N. Kuleshov in its formation (1908–1926)
Authors: Balian I.
Published: June 2020

It covers the activities of the scientist-grower N.N. Kuleshov (1890–1968) in the context of the development of domestic control of seeds. It is not only deeply versed in the theoretical and practical problems of seed production and selection, but also the main principles of the organization and functioning of the control system. He made a significant contribution to its formation: Central led the seed of the Ukrainian SSR station, worked on the Kharkov Plant Breeding Station, participated in the All-Ukrainian Society of seed, congresses and meetings, developed a core program based on scientific and research activities of seed control stations. Along with other important problems crop area selection, seed were one of the major in its activities, especially in the first half of the work.
MgAl Mixed Oxide Derived Alkali-free Hydrotalcite for Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil to Biodiesel
Authors: Ahmad Tajuddin Nazrizawati
Published: June 2020

The heterogeneous catalyst, MgAl hydrotalcite (MgAl HT) was synthesised via alkali-free method spanning from 4:1 to 2:1 ratio of Mg and Al respectively and underwent subsequent calcination process at 450°C for 3 h. The diffraction patterns of MgAl HT indicated the high crystalline structure was obtained. The increasing of the reflection intensity and the sharpness of diffraction lines were seen with the increasing of Mg:Al ratio. Calcination has removed the carbonates and hydroxyl layers, thus left only the mixed oxide of MgO and Al2O3 as proven by XRD, SEM, EDX and FTIR. This catalyst was used in the transesterification reaction with Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) as feedstock for the production of biodiesel. WCO underwent a pretreatment process to remove the impurities and moisture content. Acid-base titration was performed to determine the acid value and percentage of Free Fatty Acid (%FFA). The FFA content was 0.073% (less than 1%), hence transesterification reaction has been proceeded without before esterification process using methanol to oil ratio 30:1 for 24 h. Results show high percentage yield of biodiesel in 5 wt% 3:1 MgAl (87.23%) compared to 84.01% yield in 5 wt% 4:1 catalyst and only 79.23% yield with 5 wt% 2:1 catalyst.
A Preliminary Study on Reducing the Dosage of Chemical Fertiliser by using Empty Fruit Bunch as Soil Amendment on the Growth of Choy Sum
Authors: Tan Jiunn Luh , Ang Kok Yu , Chow Min Hui , Lee Eunice Ting Yee , Lee Kuan Hoong , Lee Li Yen , Ooi Soo Wei , Soh Wei Chuen , Sithambaran Raveenderan
Published: June 2020

Palm oil production results in many valuable products, but it also generates agricultural wastes such as empty fruit bunch (EFB). EFB composting usually produces nutrient-enriched bio-fertilisers and thus, able to help in reducing the chemical fertilisers applied. Most conventional vegetable farmers in Malaysia solely depend on chemical fertilisers in crop production. However, the intensive use of chemical fertilisers has led to various side effects. Thus, this study was to determine the effect on the growth of choy sum by reducing the dosage of chemical fertiliser with EFB compost as soil amendments. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) methods were used in this study. The fresh weight, dry weight and plant height of the choy sum were found to be not significantly different among all the treatments (T1 – T4) and positive control. This study found that T4 with 30% lesser chemical fertiliser applied showed no significant growth difference with the rest of the treatments indicating that EFB may have the ability to help in reducing chemical fertiliser usage in the growth of choy sum. Further study is recommended as this will help in better EFB waste management and lowering the cost of production for local vegetables.
Evaluation of the Impact of Climate Change on Streamflow Using SWAT Model
Authors: Ogbu Kingsley Nnaemeka , Ndulue Emeka L , Ahaneku Isiguzo Edwin , Ubah Ikenna Joseph
Published: June 2020

The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was applied in this study to simulate stream-flow in the Oyun River Basin. The model was calibrated and validated using monthly stream-flow data for the basin. Model performance was satisfactory for calibration and validation with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.69 and 0.88, respectively. Climate change impact on Oyun River was assessed by driving the SWAT model with climate parameters obtained from two global climate models (HadGEM2-ES and BCC-CCSM1-1M) based on RCP 2.6 for 2050 – 2059 and 2080 – 2089 periods. With respect to a baseline period of 2000 – 2009, HadGEM2-ES predicted a 4.62% decrease in total stream-flow while the BCC-CSM1-1M predicted stream-flow increase by 6.18% for the 2050 – 2059 period. However, both HadGEM2-ES and BCC-CCSM1-1M predicted stream-flow to increase by 18.92% and 11.25% respectively for the 2080 period. The HadGEM2-ES model showed consistency in relating future rainfall predictions with future discharge trends for the periods under study. Model results show the need for adaptive measures to mitigate climate change impacts on the water resource system.
Transition Probabilities of Disablement for Malaysian Population in Need of Long-Term Care
Authors: Shair Syazreen Niza
Published: June 2020

This research aims to estimate the transition probabilities of lives becoming disabled and the extent to which they are disabled using the approach of functional Markov model. The transition probability from one disabled state to a more or less severely disabled state is best estimated using longitudinal data in which the change in the health status of each respondent can be monitored over one or more years. Such data are limited in Malaysia, typically covering only a smaller area of the nation. The functional Markov model overcomes such data limitations, using cross-sectional data which measures the disability status of individuals only at one point in time and build a functional form for the transition probabilities in a multiple state model. Results suggested that multiple state model's prevalence rates replicated the Malaysian prevalence rates quite well, indicating that the parameters of the probability of deterioration had been estimated accurately with sum squared of errors less than 5% for almost all age groups and disability levels. Furthermore, severely disabled elderlies, especially among the oldest age group, have the highest probability to die compared to less severely disabled elderlies.
PENGARUH KEMISKINAN DAN PENDIDIKAN TERHADAP KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT
Authors: Azahari Reza
Published: June 2020

Pertumbuhan ekonomi dapat mengurangi tingkat kemiskinan pada suatu negara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kemiskinan dan pendidikan terhadap kesehatan masyarakat. Analisis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang bersumber pada BPS dengan jumlah data sebesar 63 sampel yang terdiri dari data kemiskinan, rata-rata lama sekolah dan kesehatan masyarakat tahun 2010-2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi berganda dengan angka harapan hidup sebagai variabel dependen dan rata-rata lama sekolah serta kemiskinan sebagai variabel independen.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan berkorelasi positif dan berpengaruh dengan kesehatan masyarakat dan kemiskinan berkorelasi negative dan tidak berpengaruh terhadap kesehatan masyarakat.
Manfaat Mempelajari Dasar-Dasar Perancangan Sebelum Melakukan Pekerjaan Desain Media Komunikasi
Authors: Widada Sugeng , Widya Tama Adi Kusuma , Surbakti Roy Karno
Published: June 2020

Agar dalam melakukan pekerjaan desain dapat dilakukan secara produktif, kreatif dan waktu yangdibutuhkan efisien, dibutuhkan kemampuan mendasar yang memerlukan persiapan melaluipembelajaran dan pelatihan mengenai dasar-dasar perancangan atau istilah yang sering digunakan padalembaga pelatihan atau institusi pendidikan yang berbasis seni terap disebut Nirmana. Pada dasar-dasarperancangan atau Nirmana yang dipelajari dasar-dasar perancangan dua dimensi atau NirmanaDwimatra dan dasar-dasar perancangan tiga dimensi atau Nirmana Trimatra. Pada Nirmana Dwimatrayang dipelajari mengenai; unsur atau elemen-elemen dasar dalam perancangan yang disertai pelatihanatau praktek tentang mengatur komposisi unsur rancangan seperti Titik (Dot), Garis (Line), Bidang

(Shape) warna (Color). Pada saat mempelajari dasar-dasar perancangan dua dimensi maupun dasar-dasar perancangan tiga dimensi lebih diterapkan ke membuat hasil karya pengaturan komposis unsur-unsur perancangan dengan sekaligus menerapkan prinsip-prinsip dasar perancangan yang dibutuhkan

dalam perancangan, seperti penerapan mengenai prinsip Ruang Kosong (White Space) , Kejelasan(Clarity), Kesederhanaan (Simplicity), Pusat Perhatian/Kejelasan (Emphasis), Kesatuan (Unity),Keseimbangan (Balance), Proporsi (Proportion), Irama (Rhytm) dan Dominasi (Domination). Darimempelajari dan memahami dasar-dasar dan prinsip dasar yang dibutuhkan dalam perancangan secarateoritis maupun praktis akan dapat menunjang kreativitas dalam melakukan pekerjaan desain, aratinyasegala sesuatu yang di hasilkan akan tercermin nilai-nilai seni yang kreatif dan pelaksanaannyapunwaktunya relatif efisien.
Penerapan Teknologi Computer Generated Imagery Pada Visual Effect Film
Authors: Immaniar Dewi , Sunarya Lusyani , Alfian Muhammad
Published: June 2020

In modern times such as this, the world of entertainment, especially in the film really enjoy doing.Various types of films emerging and very interesting to watch. In the modern era oftelecommunications today, technology is very influential. Mainly in the manufacture of variousfilms. Start of animas to fiction films. At that moment the application of multimedia technology ofcomputer generated imagery is needed, to make a movie that the film will be alive and visible. Inthe filming of Transformers lot of computer generated imagery using this technology, because ofthe effects of a car that turns into a robot is not possible using the manual method such as dressingsets per set of movie. Therefore Computer Generated Imagery is used this technology. In theatmosphere of the original, just needed the room with the green screen background and then willbe processed into a computer and software specifications are quite high. Starting from the effectsof flying to the moon, meteor fall, the transformation changes the shape and use CGI effects,because otherwise the result would not be perfect. Thus the CGI technology is not only used in theTransformers movie pebuatan alone, but also on the making of the film to make it look morestunning and cool.
Tinjauan Realitas Terhadap Status, Peran Dan Fungsi Manusia
Authors: Urfan Mohammad , Apriani Desy , Supriyanti Dedeh
Published: June 2020

In the letter 12-14 Verse 23 of Qoran, it describes the process of creation of humanfrom nuthfah, turned into alaqah, mudhghah, Izham and khalqan akhar (other beings).Further, It has described in other verses like (QS:25:54), (QS:86:6-7), (QS:18:37),(QS:32:7), (QS: 37:11), (QS:15:26). After learning carefully the various verses above, wecan conclude that the body / physical is one of element that exists within the human.However, these elements have many weaknesses. The purpose of this study was toexamine the three elements that exist in human beings, then we would like to observecarefully about status, role and function of one of the most important elements in humman,which causes humans can be regarded as a perfect creature. The methods of thisobservation is examines various verses in the Qoran related to human, then we would liketo force the reader to trust and believe in the truth. Results of this study prove that humanis composed of three elements, namely the bodies (physical materiality), spirit and soul.The study concluded that soul that distinguishes human from other creatures. The soul thatcan make a human become perfect beings. Soul has been main actors and controllers all ofhuman life in the world.
"Pengaruh PO (Penilaian Objektif) Pembimbing Dan PO (Penilaian Objektif) Penguji Terhadap Kualitas Kelulusan Mahasiswa Pada Perguruan Tinggi Raharja"
Authors: Rafika Ageng Setiani , Saputro Ki Ahmad , Saputra Riyan Nova
Published: June 2020

Currently, many graduate students who can’t be absorbed by the world of work or labor market because of poor quality. It is caused by several factors such as students as learners, lecturer as a teacher, and the campus as a connector between the institution or any of its faculty and students to students and faculty facilities. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of student discipline in implementing the guidance of the thesis as well as to determine the influence of PO coach and PO testers on the level of quality of graduation. This study uses a quantitative approach with descriptive correlational survey method. The sample collection technique is based on the calculation formula Slovin as many as 61 people. Data was collected using questionnaires and documentation. Analyzed using descriptive statistics and statistical analysis iferensial. Data processing using SPSS. Results of the study showed that the better the level of completion of Objective Assessment Supervisor, the better the quality level graduation because the value received will better the automatic IPK and also rose. However, the better the level of completion of Objective Assessment Examiners, will not affect the level of quality of the graduation.
Analisa Terhadap Pergeseran Peran Strategis Wanita Di Era Informasi Serta Solusinya Menurut Islam
Authors: Ladjamudin Al-Bahra Bin , Budiarto Mukti , Nurhaeni Tuti
Published: June 2020

Women are the largest part of the community. If they are good, the community would be good. Conversely, if their moral (akhlaq) is damaged, they would devastate the community theirselfes. Today women are being lulled by a propaganda which called emancipation, under the pretext of elevating women or regarded as women's liberation. The cluster freedom of women try as much as possible to drag women to have an equal footing with men, women should undress their muslim clothes), women should make up as beautiful as possible, outgoing, feminine, appear attractive to men when she comes out form her house, Emancipation has destroyed joints and basic rules of community life, to sow the seeds of freedom, to make a living woman to be selfish and arrogant. Through the means of information, women are very easily exposed, even commercialized. Finally women have no hope of being a wife, mother, sister, or child of flesh. The nature of the woman turned into a bitch, and reactive violent as men. Surprisingly, the women actually like it, and feel very proud to be like men. We should acknowledge that there are very rarely woman who hates.
Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, ROA (Return On Asset), DER (Debt To Equity Ratio), Dan TATO (Total Asset Turn Over) Terhadap Perataan Laba
Authors: Rahayu Sri , Elsera Elisa , Purba Eduard Hotman
Published: June 2020

This study aims to analyze the influence of the firm size, ROA (Return on Assets), DER (Debt To Equity Ratio), and Total Asset Turnover for income smoothing, either partially or simultaneously. Variabels used in the study as independent variabels are firm size, ROA (Return on Assets), DER (Debt To Equity Ratio), and Total Asset Turnover. While the dependent variabel is income smoothing. The population in this study are all companies manufacturing food and beverage field are listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange year of 2008-2011, as many as 14 companies, with a total sample of 8 companies that passed the stage purposive sampling. Analysis techniques that will be used this research is logistic regression to obtain an overall picture of the relationship between one variabel with another variabel. Processing is done by using logistic regression with SPSS version 19. Independent variabels used in this study are firm size, ROA (Return on Assets), DER (Debt To Equity Ratio), and Total Asset Turnover and income smoothing as the dependent variabel. The data analysis used in this study were descriptive statistics, assessing model fit,-2loglikehood, Cox's and Snell's R square nagekerke's R square, Hosmer and Lemeshow's goodness-of-fit test, and 2 x 2 classification tables. The test results in this study show that the simultaneous testing and retesting or separate company size (X1) significantly influence income smoothing (Y), while ROA (Return on Assets) (X2), DER (Debt To Equity Ratio) (X3) , and Total Asset Turnover (X4) does not have a significant impact on income smoothing (Y) as the dependent variabel.
Perancangan Media Video Profile Berbentuk Promosi Dan Informasi Di SMK Yuppentek 4 Ciledug Tangerang
Authors: Hidayat Wahyu , Suhendra Suhendra , Maulana Ade
Published: June 2020

Development of science and information makes a variety of activities and life sehari–hari of the information gained from the media, both print and electronic media. The role of information technology and multimedia are also not to miss, a variety of information offered by the form of multimedia that can create interactive and informative presentation by combining text, audio, video, animation and graphics used for competitive advantage Development education grew rapidly, causing a growing number of facilities and advantages that should be promoted to compete, especially at SMK Yuppentek 4 Ciledug Tangerang. The purpose of this research is to design-based audio visual media in order to be an effective appeal, especially in the delivery of information and promotions regarding things – things that are related to the overall CMS Yuppentek 4 Ciledug Tangerang. SMK Yuppentek 4 Ciledug Tangerang is located in Tangerang. Existing problems, namely the medium used by the SMK SMK Yuppentek 4 Ciledug Tangerang was a print media, in general the community more receptive of information via media interactive and communicative, so CMS Yuppentek 4 Ciledug Tangerang requires video media profile as a media of supporting information and promotion on the show to prospective students and students of SMK Yuppentek 4 Ciledug Tangerang, or as a media information to the public , so the design of video media profile that displays the entire scope, advantages and facilities belonging to SMK Yuppentek 4 Ciledug Tangerang, can be a solution in solving problems in media promotion and information. With this author makes research with the title “"THE DESIGN OF VIDEO MEDIA PROFILE INFORMATION ON PROMOTIONS AND SHAPED SMK YUPPENTEK 4 CILEDUG TANGERANG".
Desain Komunikasi Visual Sebagai Media Penunjang Informasi Pada Event RAKER XII Perguruan Tinggi Raharja
Authors: Sunarya Lusyani , Rositarini Devy , Andriyanti Riska
Published: June 2020

Event is a communication media is a bridge to present the intent or purpose of the event to a specifictarget. In this era, many held as a media event promotion or information. Perguruan tinggi raharja isan institution that specializes in computer-based education in their orientation. The universityannually hosts Prog event held on a regular basis in accordance with the schedule of the academiccalendar of events that is RAKER XII. In an event, Visual Communication Design is one of the basicneeds as a means of delivering information from an event. Procurement event held usually requiresvarious forms of media with messages that are up to date and clear, and it requires a new designnuances each year. Elements such as the media information needed an event such as the introductionof an event in accordance with the expected mission. Media information that is used in the form ofevent RSKER Banner Family Gathering XII Meeting XII Meeting XII Banner, Banner Raker XII(Excellence), XII Meeting banners, Banner Theme Raker, Banner Welcome Raker XII, Pin Joint andReconnaissance Raker XII, banners bottom RAKER, Cover Book RENSTRA. Through design DesignXII Meeting is expected as well as the success of the event will support the XII Meeting on PerguruanTinggi Raharja, and improve the image of Perguruan Tinggi Raharja in order to be better knownProg wide community.
Perancangan Sistem Informasi Penerimaan Siswa Baru Berbasis Web Pada PKBM Bhakti Sejahtera
Authors: Aris Aris , Anggara Ryan , Zamzami Zaimi Akhmad
Published: June 2020

Bhakti Sejahtera Tangerang is a school located in the district of Tangerang which have the aim ofhelping the government program in the field of non-formal education and produce qualified younggeneration, these schools also strive to provide a good service for this school masarakat.Namun alsohas disadvantages mainly the new admissions system that exists. New admissions system that existedat this school has been using a computer but still using a simple application, so often there is a delayin the presentation of information, so there needs to be a new system that can improve the existingsystem. To resolve this problem, the school needs to use the new system with a computerized systemthat has a better database to store its data. With a computerized system that better data processingwill be more efficient and to minimize errors in the data pengimputan. Thus the new admissionssystem that there will be better and can improve service to masarakat who want to registerKeywords :Mutimedia, Computer Generated Imagery, Software, Computer, Technology.
The Strategic Issues Of Economic Development Of Border Area Of Indonesia - Malaysia
Authors: Sunarya Abas , Sudaryono Sudaryono
Published: June 2020

On the land, Indonesia is bordered by three countries: Malaysia, Papua New Guinea and Timor Leste.Whereas, in Indonesia sea area bordered by 10 countries: India, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand,Vietnam, Philippines, the Republic of Palau, Australia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea. Most ofthe border region in Indonesia is still an underdeveloped area with less facilities and infrastructure ofsocial and economic. Formulation of the problem are: 1. How do the condition of the socio-economicand culture in the border of Indonesia - Malaysia? 2. What is the condition of infrastructure in theborder and what is the urgent infrastructure to be built? 3. What are policy and strategy of theIndonesian government of the border of society development between Indonesia (Entikong) andMalaysia (Sarawak)? The purpose of writing are: 1. Comparing the condition of the socio-economicand culture of border both Indonesia and Malaysia. 2. Comparing the condition of the infrastructureof border both Indonesia and Malaysia and determining the infrastructure to be built. 3. Describingthe Indonesian government policy and strategy in development acceleration of economic society in theborder between Indonesia, especially Entikong Sub-District of Sanggau Regency West Kalimantanand Malaysia (Sarawak). Although, the commitment and the governments policy have given a higherpriority in the reorientated development of border, which those of security (security approach) into awelfare orientation (prosperity approach), but overall, the issue of society development in Indonesiaborder, especially the District Entikong Sanggau Regency West Kalimantan and Malaysia (Sarawak)so far can be said that are still not getting proportional attention. The indication, though a variety ofpolicies, regulations or laws relating to efforts to accelerate economic development of border societieshave been made. Various issues and problems are faced by the border, both land and sea borders canbe solved by more focused and targeted on six aspects, these are policy, economic and socio-cultural,defense and security, natural resources management, institutional and management authority, as wellas cooperation inter nations.
Asuhan Keperawatan Pada Tn.S Dengan Gangguan Sensori Persepsi : Halusinasi Pendengaran Di Ruang Merak RS Jiwa Dr.Soeharto Heerdjan Jakarta
Authors: Wuryastuti M. Indrati
Published: June 2020

Keperawatan jiwa merupakan suatu bidang spesialisasi praktek keperawatan yang menerapkan teori prilaku manusia sebagai ilmunya dan penggunaan diri secara teraupetik sebagai kiatnya, salah satu dari gangguan yang terjadi pada gangguan jiwa orientasi realita yaitu ketidakmampuan klien berespon pada realitas, klien tidak dapat membedakan lamunan dan kenyataan yang termasuk gangguan orientasi realita yaitu : waham, ilusi dan halusinasi. Tujuan umum penelitian ini adalah malakukan perawatan terhadap klien dengan gangguan sensori persepsi : halusinasi pendengaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif. Tekhnik yang digunakan dalam mengumpulkan data,menganalisa data serta menarik kesimpulan yang kemudian disajikan dalam bentuk narasi. Cara menyusun laporan penelitian ini adalah Study Kepustakaan dan Study Kasus. Halusinasi adalah perubahan sensori persepsi individu dalam menginterpretasikan sesuatu yang nyata tanparangsangan atau stimulus dari luar atau eksternal yang dialami oleh kelima panca indra. Dalam pengkajian ditemukan data yang sesuai dengan masalah Gangguan Sensori Persepsi : Halusinasi pendengaran, dan mendapatkan data faktor predisposisinya yaitu klien mengatakan dirinya mendengar suara–suara, suara–suara itu datang pada saat klien sedang menyendiri dan pada saat akan tidur malam, klien mengatakan suara–suara itu seperti suara perempuan yang memanggil–manggil dirinya. Hasil penelitian ini adalah Klien merasa kesal dan tidak suka mendengar suara–suara itu, saat melakukan pengkajian penulis tidak mendapat banyak hambatan, karena sikap klien yang kooperatif dan menerima saat berinteraksi. Diagnosa keperawatan pada Tn. S dari prioritas masalah utama adalah Gangguan Sensori Persepsi : Halusinasi pendengaran, adapun diagnosa yang lain berdasarkan data–data yang didapat yaitu, Isolasi sosial. Pada Implementasi keperawatan, penulis sudah melakukan sesuai dengan rencana yang telah dibuat, dan juga sudah melakukan implementasi untuk diagnosa utama yaitu Gangguan Sensori Persepsi : Halusinasi pendengaran. Evaluasi keberhasilan tindakan pada diagnosa utama sesuai dengan strategi pelaksanaan sudahtercapai dimana klien sudah menjalin hubungan saling percaya dengan perawat, klien mampu mengenal halusinasinya, klien mampu menghardik halusinasi, klien mampu melakukan cara baru mengendalikan halusinasi dengan cara bercakap–cakap dengan orang lain, klien juga mampu melakukan cara mengendalikan halusinasi dengan cara beraktivitas.