bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Concepto de la Economía Circular y Aplicaciones Prácticas en el Apoyo a la Educación Básica y Superior Demostrados en una Escuela Rural y una Universidad del Sur del Perú
Authors: Armacanqui-Tipacti Jesus Samuel , Goicochea-Parks Doris Isabel , Saavedra-Silva Bertha Ofelia , Saavedra Stephany
Published: October 2021

El desarrollo industrial con la Economía Lineal induce el consumo a corto plazo, la explotación de los recursos naturales, energéticos, minerales etc.  La creciente demanda dificulta este modelo y trae consecuencias como incremento en costes de producción, riesgos medioambientales y otros por la acumulación ilimitada de los desechos industriales, entonces el modelo es   insostenible, se requiere un nuevo enfoque acorde a las nuevas condiciones y necesidades sociales.

La Economía Circular usa las 3 R's, reducir, reutilizar y reciclar, como alternativa a la economía lineal, con un enfoque integral considerando la sostenibilidad ambiental, así como la atención de necesidades sociales, económicas del mundo actual. La economía circular facilita el reciclaje, las reparaciones, presentando mejores ecodiseños del ciclo de vida de los productos, basándose en innovación tecnológica, innovación sistémica, creatividad, innovación para un crecimiento sostenible, competitivo; organizativo y social.

El objetivo fue diseñar nuevas soluciones a problemas existentes aplicando la economía circular en comunidades educativas, básicas y superiores. El método utilizado se basó en el concepto del Ciclo de Vida de la Innovación, para determinar temas relevantes que respondan a necesidades existentes. Luego se desarrolló el prototipo, el cual fue mejorado y sirvió como modelo. El Resultado fue que con estudiantes primarios y Universitarios con ejemplos prácticos se aplicó la teoría de la Economía Circular de reducir, reusar y reciclar aceite residual, botellas y mangueras de plástico. Los estudiantes participantes fueron capaces de presentar soluciones nuevas a viejos problemas apoyando de manera efectiva el mejoramiento de sus competencias y aprendizaje.
Forget Cleaning the House and Doing the Service, Keep Your Sanity: One Scientist’s and Mother’s Story of Not Just Surviving, but Thriving during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Schuh Sonya
Published: October 2021

Here, I describe my personal journey as a STEM professor during the pandemic, and my struggles and successes with online teaching, research, and dealing with COVID-19, as a single mother of three children. I share my story and advice—dirty dishes, imperfections, and all. My message, based on the lived experiences of myself and many of my colleagues, evidence-based facts, and research is simple – we must learn to say no and focus our energy and strength on those things that will directly advance our promotion and that we are passionate about, not on the endless, discounted service roles we typically do. I recognize our ability to do so varies across differences of rank, race, gender, sexuality, and age. I also shed light on research on gendered institutional service and caregiving disparities, the physiology of stress and disease, systemic racism, and the disproportionate, amplified impacts the pandemic is having on women and BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, and People of Color) faculty. Gender and racial inequalities, stress, service, and caregiving demands have exponentially increased with the pandemic, which will result in long term health and economic impacts far beyond COVID-19, unless great institutional changes are made. I highlight what my institution has done well, has struggled with, and what still needs to be done. In addition to the typical extensions in the R&T (Rank and Tenure) process, which notably take women and BIPOC faculty farther away from their research and higher wages, I outline more important institutional strategies and adaptations that are needed for the viability and health of women, BIPOC, and caregiving faculty, and hence higher education as a whole. Importantly, those institutions that will fare the best will be those that take care of their faculty and students and provide truly meaningful assistance in more than just their mission statements and rhetoric.
Seismic Analysis of Irregular Building on Hilly Area
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, Chauhan Anjeet Singh , Banerjee Rajiv ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Published: October 2021

The RC buildings' construction has increased in the preferred location of north & eastern hilly areas during the last few decades due to population increase, urbanization, and tourists. The buildings located in the hilly areas are more susceptible to seismic loading as compared to the location of the flat surface building. The shape of the building on the sloping ground differs from the flat surface situated buildings. So, the construction of the building in hilly areas is irregular both vertically & horizontally, thus this type of building is susceptible to severe damage when applied to the seismic condition. The columns of the base storey have unequal height due to sloping ground. In this study, the behavior of a 10-storey stepback building with mass and diaphragm irregularity on the sloping ground is analyzed in seismic zone V by Response Spectrum. The analysis of the building is carried out by Etabs software as per IS 1893:2016 to compare the building based on their dynamic response and also identify the vulnerability frame in the sloping ground.
Combined Piled-Raft Foundation a Sustainable Option for Week Soil (Alluvial Soil)
Authors:   Civil Department, Shri Ramswaroop University, Lucknow, India, Ojha Devesh , Srivastava Rajendra Kumar ,   U.P. Bridge Corporation, India
Published: October 2021

There are no standards and no design rules for Combined Piled-Raft Foundation available up to now. A preliminary stage and a final stage are involved in the construction of a piled raft base. The preliminary design stage includes determining the critical parameters, such as the number of piles, their diameter, and length, as well as the Es value of the subsoil strata, in order to establish an optimal design that can achieve the necessary settlement reduction. Precision and accuracy of the current design strategies is calculated by in-situ parameters such as Es, despite that, the computational effort and time do not justify their use for preliminary studies that may require.
MSJEP Classifier: “Modified Strong Jumping Emerging Patterns” for Fast Efficient Mining and for handling attributes whose values are associated with taxonomies
Authors:   Mechatronics Department, Faculty of Engineering, Horus University in Egypt (HUE), New Damietta, 34517, Egypt, Hassan Mohammed K. , Hassan Ahmed K. ,   Department of Computers and Systems, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt, Eldesouky Ali I. ,   Department of Computers and Systems, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
Published: October 2021

Modified Strong Jumping Emerging Patterns (MSJEPs) are those itemsets whose support increases from zero in one data set to non-zero in the other dataset with support constraints greater than the minimum support threshold (ζ). The support constraint of MSJEP removes potentially less useful JEPs while retaining those with high discriminating power. Contrast Pattern (CP)-tree-based discovery algorithm used for SJEP mining is a main-memory-based method. When the data set is large, it is unrealistic to assume that the CP-tree can fit in the main memory. The main idea to handle this problem is to first partition the data set into a set of projected data sets and then for each projected data set, we construct and mine its corresponding CP-tree. Trees of the projected data sets are called Separated Contrast Pattern Tree “SCP-trees” and Patterns generated from it are Called MSJEPs” Modified Strong Jumping Emerging Patterns”. Our proposal also investigates the weakness of emerging patterns in handling attributes whose values are associated with taxonomies and proposes using an MSJEP classifier to achieve better accuracy, better speed, and also handling attributes in taxonomy.
PENGARUH EKSTRAK DAUN BABADOTAN (AGERATUM CONYZOIDES, L) TERHADAP WAKTU PEMBEKUAN DARAH
Authors: Baehaki Farhan , Wahid Aziz Ansori
Published: October 2021

Latar Belakang: Luka merupakan rusak atau hilangnya jaringan tubuh. Jika terjadi luka disekitar pembuluh darah yang rusak, maka akan terjadi proses penghentian pendarahan dan perbaikan jaringan sebagai respon tubuh melalui proses hemostasis. Babadotan (Ageratum conyzoides,L) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang memiliki kandungan senyawa aktif untuk mempercepat proses hemostasis.Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak daun babadotan terhadap waktu pembekuan darah.Metode Penelitian: Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu quasy experiment (eksperimen semu). Rancangan ini berupaya untuk mengungkapkan hubungan sebab akibat dengan cara melibatkan kelompok kontrol dan kelompok eksperimen. Data yang diperoleh merupakan data primer yaitu data yang didapatkan dari hasil pemeriksaan waktu pembekuan darah dengan pemberian dan tanpa pemberian ekstrak daun babadotan dengan metode pemeriksaan Lee and White.Hasil: Rerata waktu pembekuan dari sampel darah yang tanpa perasan daun babadotan yaitu 9,89 menit, sedangkan sampel darah yang diberikan perasan daun babadotan menunjukkan waktu pembekuan 9,19 menit. Sehingga selisih waktu pembekuan pada kedua sampel adalah 0,7 menit atau lebih cepat sebesar 7%.Simpulan: Ekstrak daun babadotan (Ageratum lonyzoides,L) dapat digunakan untuk mempercepat waktu pembekuan darah.
Video Game Escapism During Quarantine
Authors: Prinsen Eian , Schofield Damian
Published: October 2021

Video games, and especially roleplaying games offer a way for players to escape stress and cope with stressors. Video games are a new, and potentially unique, mechanism for telling stories. They allow a player to not only interact with a world, but to fully immerse themselves in a digital world. Being able to quite literally escape to a fantasy world where your actions matter, and you’re given control can be a great form of self-therapy for players.

This study aims to examine the results of a global pandemic and quarantine on player motivations and the reasons they play video games. The study collected detailed information on the video games genres and play time of each user and how it has been affected during self-isolation. Participants were also asked a series of questions that required them to evaluate their gaming habits both prior to and during the pandemic. This information was analysed to attempt to further understand players choices, in particular during a pandemic where there is an increased need to alleviate stress and experience a sense of escapism.
Reality Versus Beliefs About the Effects of the Preview Learning Method
Authors: Li Yanlin
Published: October 2021

This study is mainly designed to evaluate a popular learning method: previewing material before classes and to answer two research questions on the learning method. The research questions are “Does previewing have benefits in promoting future learning?” and “Do people have correct metacognitive judgements on the effects of previewing?” The hypothesis states that previewing is beneficial in ways other than directly pre-stating answers (e.g., providing context information or keywords) and that, in general, individuals’ judgements on the effects of previewing are correct. This experiment found that participants who read preview materials before watching a brief lecture do not perform significantly better on post-tests than participants who have not read the preview. At the same time, most people who read preview materials see the preview as beneficial to their understanding of the topic, which is an incorrect metacognitive judgement. This study indicates that the importance of preview for learning performance may be a myth and reveals how people misjudge the benefits of previewing. These findings can lead to an improved understanding of better ways to conduct self-cognitive study.
The Perceptions of the Teachers of Islamic Education in Jordan Concerning the Use and the Challenges of Darsak Platform
Authors: Al-Talhouni Mansour Hamed
Published: October 2021

This study aimed at identifying the perceptions of Islamic education teachers in Jordan concerning the use and the challenges of Darsak platform. The study sample consisted of (112) teachers of Islamic education at Marka Directorate of Education, Amman, during the academic year 2020/2021. The study sample, comprised of (30%) of the study population, was chosen using the stratified random sampling method. Questionnaire was used as a tool to gather data from the targeted group; after verifying the validity and reliability of the collected data. Appropriate statistical methods were used to analyze collected data. The study found that the perceptions of the teachers of Islamic education concerning Darsak platform lessons were generally average, whereas their perceptions concerning the platform challenges were of a high degree. The results of the study indicated that there were no statistically significant differences at the level of (α = 0.05) in the perceptions of the teachers of Islamic education concerning Darsak platform lessons and challenges attributed to the variables of gender, qualifications, and years of experience. Among the most prominent recommendations of the study were that the Ministry of Education should conduct a comprehensive review of the Islamic education lessons on Darsak platform to rectify the errors that were mentioned in some lessons. It should also reupload the modified versions of the lessons of Islamic education on the platform. Further, the Ministry of Education should employ variety of methods and strategies in presenting Islamic education lessons.
School Counselors’ Leadership Role in Creating a Collaborative School Climate for Linguistically Diverse Students
Authors: Yildiz Nadire Gulcin
Published: October 2021

School systems are increasingly diverse communities, with a broadening diversity of students and staff alike. School counselors play a critical role in creating a welcoming school climate within the school community. As a catalyst for change within the school system, school counselors can create an effective community partnership culture for schools and families that is collaborative and welcoming for all. This article will discuss the importance of creating a collaborative school climate for linguistically diverse students (LDS) in order to promote their overall well-being and school achievement. With this objective in mind, a review of the literature on school counselor’s leadership role within the school community will be discussed, before embarking on an investigation into the effectiveness of counselors as agents of systemic change in facilitating engagement. A discussion of school counselors’ role in creating a welcoming school climate towards LDS within the school and school community could pave the way for a more positive organizational culture. Using a systemic approach, which aims to generate greater understanding and awareness, school counselors have the power to play a critical role in the transformation of the school system, especially for students from diverse backgrounds (Aydin, 2011; McCall-Perez, 2000; Schwallie-Giddis, Anstrom, Sanchez, Sardi, & Granato, 2004).
Evacuation Preparation Scenarios of Households during Early and Emergency Evacuation: A Case Study of Cyclone Bulbul in Southwestern Coastal Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md Atikur , HOKUGO Akihiko , OHTSU Nobuhito , Chakma Swarnali
Published: October 2021

Bangladesh is one of the most disaster-prone countries worldwide. Every year, the country sees a small- or large-scale disaster, with past disaster history showing that cyclones have been a major phenomenon. Cyclone Bulbul made landfall on the southwestern coast of Bangladesh on November 10, 2019, with an average storm surge height of 1.0 to 1.5 meters—resulting in the inundation of low-lying areas in 14 coastal districts. This study conducted a questionnaire survey of 413 households in Gabura, a union under Shyamnagar Upazila of Satkhira District, from mid-February to mid-March 2020 to investigate respondents’ evacuation experience during Cyclone Bulbul. The questionnaire survey comprised both qualitative and quantitative approaches that analyzed disaster preparedness level, successful evacuation scenarios, and early evacuation decisions and their implementation in Gabura Union during Cyclone Bulbul. The survey results revealed that approximately 55% of the respondents evacuated during Cyclone Bulbul. Among them, 47% made early evacuation decisions, but an analysis of their evacuation starting time revealed that only 35.5% of them evacuated early before Cyclone Bulbul made landfall. Moreover, this research highlighted the importance of having adequate preparation time before starting evacuation, with most of the household respondents stating that they needed 2 hours in preparation time before starting evacuation. However, the preparation time varied between 1 and 6 h depending on the evacuation stage, the type of preparation activities, and the presence of vulnerable members in the house. Both categories of respondents, that is, those who made early evacuation decisions and those who followed through, cited evacuation companions, the presence of sick members in the house, distance from home to shelter, evacuation travel time, and socio-economic characteristics as common influential factors. Respondents in the emergency evacuation category identified previous disaster experience, the presence of sick members in the house, and socio-economic aspects as the factors that they considered while making evacuation decisions during Cyclone Bulbul. This analysis of factors influencing early evacuation decisions, early evacuation, and emergency evacuation helped shed light on people’s perceptions about disasters, which can guide authorities in taking policy actions to improve early evacuation possibility and issuing early evacuation orders to ensure safe and successful evacuation during cyclones or other disasters in the future.
Dynamic modeling and analysis of vertical vibration reduction system for passenger train
Authors: Dong Shichang , Song Hao , Song Caiyun
Published: October 2021

Based on wheel-rail impact vibration and considering the body stiffness and natural damping, this paper builds a four-degree-of-freedom vibro-impact system model for passenger train’s vertical vibration reduction system. The Poincaré map of the system is determined by the analytic solution of the system derived from the motion differential equation of the multi-degree-of-freedom vibro-impact system combined with Newton's second law. It is found that the fork bifurcation, Hopf bifurcation and other dynamical behavior leading to Chaos when the system parameters are changed. On this basis, the dynamic parameters of the train are optimized to avoid chaos in the train operation, reduce the vertical vibration of the train, improve the stability and comfort of the train operation, and provide the theoretical basis for the active vibration reduction design of the train.
Research on Complex Product Parts Matching by using Improved Taguchi Method
Authors: Fengque Pei , Yifei Tong , Minghai Yuan , Haojie Song
Published: October 2021

With the development of intelligent manufacturing, the key strategic of complex equipment is becoming more and more obvious. How to realize the assembly of complex products has become the focus of intelligent manufacturing. This paper puts forward the improved Taguchi method to dimension chains measures, by using different quality loss function to different dimension chains, the cores are the Nominal-is-best, non-core is measured with the improved Smaller-is-better to improve convergence perusal and increase matching rate; General adopt Smaller-is-better to enhance assembly accuracy, reduce interference fit and assembly cost. Then the dimension chains quantitative model of complicated product assembly by using the signal-to-noise ratio and different weights is built up. The model contains modeling assumption, the objective function and the matching model. And this model is regard as the fitness function of genetic algorithm. Finally, the feasibility and efficiency of the scheme are verified by the case study.
Stress-strain state analysis and fatigue prediction of D16T alloy in the stress concentration zone under combined tension-torsion load
Authors: SOLOMON Isaac , NARVYDAS Evaldas , DUNDULIS Gintautas
Published: October 2021

Engineering machines and components are proneto structural failures during their service time due to certaintechnical reasons and also due to some unforeseencircumstances. The technical breakdowns sometime lead tohigh economic imbalance and can also be fatal to life andproperty. Predicting the failure and evaluating the breakagecharacteristics of engineering components are crucial indetermining the life of the component and also increasetheir maintenance and safety in daily life. This research study deals with the modelling andnumerical simulations of an aluminium alloy specimen in3D stress-state and thereby predicting the fatigue failure ofthe material subjected to external cyclic loadings. Topredict the failure of a component, a specimen with aninduced crack can be evaluated through cyclic loadingprocess. It is based on the fact that the presence of a crackstends to modify the stresses present locally on thecomponent that the elastic deformation and the stressesattributed with them are totally insufficient for the designagainst fracture. It is based on the assumption that thespecimen undergoes complete fracture when the crackreaches its critical size even though the stress at the criticalcrack tip is much lower than the yield stress of thecomponent. The critical size of the crack is based on theapplication of the load and the number of load cycles itundergoes.The main aim of this research is to present andvalidate the numerical method for the study of theinfluence of cracks present in the engineering components.Finite element method was applied for numericalsimulation. In this study the tension, torsion, combined

tension-torsion and fatigue loads was applied. Theexperimental testing data of mechanical properties wasused in numerical simulation as input data. This researchstudy investigates the three-dimensional stress-strain stateand fatigue prediction of D16T aluminium alloy which ispredominantly used in the aerospace and automobileindustries for their high strength-to-weight ratio and muchbetter physical properties. The different specimen modelsare then analysed and the most efficient one was selectedfor the preliminary experimental tests.
Experimental Optimization of Self-Priming Pump Based on the Full Factor Test
Authors: CHANG Hao , HONG Shiming , YU Dehui , PENG Guangjie , YE Daoxing , LIU Jianrui , YUAN Shouqi
Published: October 2021

Self-priming pump as the core equipment for flood fighting and emergency rescue plays an important role in flood prevention and other fields. More importantly, the geometric parameters of the self-priming nozzle directly determine the performance of the self-priming pump. In the previous analysis，only small amount of experiment was conducted to optimize the geometry parameters of self-priming nozzle, and the interaction between the parameters was not considered. In this paper, the full factor test method is employed to explore the main and interaction effect of the nozzle geometric parameters on the self-priming performance, and the order of response to self-priming time is obtained. Meanwhile, a novel self-priming performance model was established, the self-priming time of different geometric parameters self-priming nozzles can be effectively predicted, and the test analysis cycle and production costs were greatly reduced. Finally, the self-priming test under different self-priming height with optimal self-priming nozzle was conducted, the variation regulation between self-priming time and self-priming height was obtained. Therefore, this research could effectively provide the design reference of self-priming nozzles optimization.
Acute and Massive Aortic Thrombosis and Embolic Occlusion in a Patient with COVID-19: A Case Report
Authors: Davarisani Seyedjavad , Koushki Javad , Moghaddamzade Saeed , Sherafati Hamzeh , Jamalinik Mehdi , Abedi Ali , Salaripour Fatemeh , Sarkardeh Maryam
Published: October 2021

: A 73-year-old man with a history of COVID-19 infection from two weeks ago was referred to the Emergency Department with a complaint of colicky and generalized abdominal pain in addition to prior respiratory symptoms. High-resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) displayed the typical signs of COVID-19 pneumonia. Initially, laboratory tests showed increased C-reactive protein and severe leukocytosis. Because of generalized abdominal pain, spiral abdominal and pelvic CT scans were done, which showed massive irregular and free-floating aortic thrombosis from the carina site to the Superior Mesenteric Artery (SMA) detachment, indicative of acute and life-threatening thrombosis. Filling defects were seen in the middle and distal part of the splenic artery, indicating the embolic occlusion of the splenic artery. The patient was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and he became a candidate for conservative treatment because of the wide extension of thrombosis. Therefore, we should pay more attention to the indirect signs of thrombosis in patients with COVID-19 infection with gastrointestinal symptoms and consider anticoagulant therapy for high-risk patients with COVID-19. The unique feature of our case was acute and extensive arterial thrombosis.
Evaluation of the Chemical Compounds and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of the Leaves of Eichhornia crassipes (Water Hyacinth)
Authors: Rufchaei Rudabeh , Abbas-Mohammadi Mahdi , Mirzajani Alireza , Nedaei Shiva
Published: October 2021

Background: Water hyacinth (WH) is an aquatic weed and one of the most productive plants on earth, causing serious environmental problems. Herein, some nutritional and phytochemical constituents of WH were investigated. Methods: Chemical analysis of Eichhornia crassipes was carried out to determine total ash, humidity, crude protein, fat, fiber, and carbohydrate contents. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of the hydro-methanolic and aqueous extracts of the plant were determined using the Folin Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods, and HPLC was performed to quantify eight phenolic compounds. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the extracts were also evaluated. Results: The dry matter, total ash, crude protein, crude fiber, nitrogen-free extract, and ether extract contents of WH constituted 9.4, 12.9, 24, 11.5, 49.9, and 1.7%, respectively. The total phenolic contents of the hydro-methanolic and aqueous extracts were 491.2 ± 31.9 and 258.3 ± 10.8 mg gallic acid equivalents/g of dried extract, respectively. The total flavonoid content of the hydro-methanolic extract (76.8 ± 7.8) was higher than that of the aqueous extract (46.1 ± 6). Ferulic acid was found to be the most abundant phenolic compound in both extracts. The antioxidant activities of the hydro-methanolic and aqueous extracts were determined to be 221.52 and 97.07 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g dry weight, respectively. The aqueous and hydro-methanolic extracts showed the highest antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. Conclusions: In conclusion, the present study indicated the applicability of WH as a natural source of antioxidants and antimicrobial agents.
Human Cell Receptors and Downstream Cascades: A Review of Molecular Aspects and Potential Therapeutic Targets in COVID-19
Authors: Afzali Shervin , AshtarNakhaei Mohammadvala , Shiari Sara , Shirkavand Afshan , Farivar Shirin
Published: October 2021

Context: There have been two coronavirus-related pandemics during the past 18 years, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV in 2002 and 2012, respectively. In 2019, Seven years after the emergence of MERS, a new coronavirus (i.e., SARS-CoV-2) was detected in several patients. SARS-CoV-2 spread widely, and its high prevalence enabled the virus to start a new pandemic in 2020. It is believed that the higher infectivity of the virus in comparison to that of SARS-CoV is related to its molecular interaction affinity of transmembrane spike glycoprotein and human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) cell receptors. Moreover, the primary reason for the high case fatality rate (CFR) is the cytokine storm and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) because of the immune system response to the invaders. Hence, a solid understanding of the components involved in the mechanism of viral entry and immune system response is crucial for finding approaches to disrupt the virus-cell interplay and neutralizing its impacts on the host immune system. In this review, we investigated the molecular aspect and potential therapeutic targets associated with cell receptors and downstream signaling cascades. Evidence Acquisition: A systematic search was implemented on several online databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus during 2019-2021 using the following keywords: "SARS-CoV-2", "COVID-19", "ACE-2", "Therapeutic Targets", "Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome", and "Cytokine Storm". Results: Various internal or external agents are responsible for the virus infectivity and stimulating acute immune system response. Since currently there is no cure for the treatment of COVID-19, several repurposed drugs can be employed to disrupt the process of viral entry and mitigate the symptoms raised by the cytokine storm. Inhibition of several agents, including signal transduction mediators and TMPRSS2 may be momentous. Conclusions: Despite the increase in the CFR, no drugs were developed with significant efficacy. Understanding the virus entry mechanism and the immune system’s role could help us surmount the problems in developing a promising drug or employing the repurposed ones.
The Machine
Authors: Burgess Harman ,   After Dinner Conversation
Published: October 2021

A review of "Newcomb’s paradox" and "Roko’s Basilisk," asks the question, it is better to help build a super AI when failure to do so might later get you punished by it? This work of philosophical short story of fiction is written as a letter to a friend. The letter writer was told about, and is now working on, a computer program that will infiltrate and merge with other computers, eventually created a singularity of a super intelligent, conscious AI. This AI, the author argues, will have mastered time travel and will naturally want to go back in time and punish anyone who failed to help it come to life. The author concludes the letter by requesting $3,000 and making clear that failure to send the money might be viewed by the future AI (if it is ever created) as a punishable response for failing to help it get built.
Victims’ Reasons and Responses in the Face of Oppression
Authors: Vasanthakumar Ashwini ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2021

Victims of oppression often disagree amongst themselves on how best to respond to their oppression. Often, these disagreements are cast as disagreements about what strategies of resistance would be most effective. In this article, I argue that victims have a wider repertoire of responses to their oppression which reflect the different underlying reasons they have to respond. I outline three distinct reasons for action—self-respect, assistance, and justice—and the respective responses to oppression—rejection, assistance, and resistance—that these reasons call for. I then provide some general comments on how these distinct reasons and responses relate to one another. Appreciating a wider repertoire of reasons and responses can illuminate the nature of disagreement amongst victims, points to the unavoidability of conflict, and provides for a more nuanced understanding of resistance and its alternatives—an understanding that can aid in better responding to injustice.
The caridean shrimps of the genus Lysmata Risso, 1816 (Decapoda: Lysmatidae) from Madagascar collected during the Atimo-Vatae expedition: a new species and two new records
Authors: Ashrafi Hossein , Baeza J. Antonio , Ďuriš Zdeněk
Published: October 2021

The present study focuses on shrimps belonging to the genus Lysmata Risso, 1816, collected from Madagascar during the Atimo Vatae expedition carried out in 2010. Lysmata malagasy sp. nov. is a new species belonging to the clade named “long accessory ramous” or “cosmopolitan” in previous phylogenetic studies. The new species can be distinguished from the only two other representatives of this group in the Indo-west Pacific, L. ternatensis De Man, 1902, and L. trisetacea (Heller, 1861), by the accessory ramus of the lateral antennular flagellum consisting of four elongated articles. Lysmata lipkei Okuno & Fiedler, 2010 is reported here from Madagascar with a remarkable extension of its known range after its original description from Japan. This species has also been reported from Singapore and, as alien species, from Brazil. Lastly, L. kuekenthali De Man, 1902 known from numerous localities in the Indo-West Pacific biogeographic area, is reported for the first time from Madagascar. Results of the present morphological and molecular analyses suggest that L. hochi Baeza & Anker, 2008 from the Caribbean Sea is a synonym of the Indo-West Pacific L. kuekenthali, and thus the latter species is alien in the western Atlantic.
Definición y Competencias de la Inteligencia Espiritual. Estudio Cualitativo
Authors: Martín-Sánchez Antonia , Rodríguez Zafra Mónica , Ceniceros-Estévez Juan Carlos
Published: October 2021

Este artículo se enmarca en la teoría de las Inteligencias Múltiples de Gardner (1983) que en 2012, demuestra que esta inteligencia cumple todos los criterios que determinan su incorporación al elenco de inteligencias. Esta investigación tiene como objeto definir el concepto de Inteligencia Espiritual (IES) y sus competencias mediante la revisión sistemática de la literatura existente y el análisis cualitativo de 22 entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas a informantes destacados de distintas religiones y corrientes espirituales. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto la alta confluencia de los datos recogidos y permiten determinar las competencias: consciencia, transcendencia, amor, perdón, libertad, dolor-sufrimiento, sentido, gratitud y efectos. Las conclusiones son importantes ya que estas competencias pueden servir de base para desarrollar un instrumento de medida de la IES.
Research progress of silicon and germanium quantum computing materials
Authors: Zhang Jie-Yin , Gao Fei , Zhang Jian-Jun ,   Key Laboratory of Nanophysics and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Published: October 2021

Semiconductor quantum dot is one of the promising ways to realize solid-state quantum computing. The key is to obtain high-quality semiconductor quantum computing materials. Silicon and germanium can be isotopically purified to achieve nuclear spin-free isotopes, meeting the requirement for long decoherence time. They are also compatible with the current CMOS technology, thus making them ideal material platforms for large scale integration. This review first summarizes the important progress of semiconductor quantum-dot quantum computing in recent years, then focuses on the material progress including the silicon-based Si/SiGe heterostructures, Ge/SiGe heterostructures, and Ge/Si one-dimensional wires, finally presents the outlook about the development of silicon and Ge quantum computing materials.
Weak resonance effects of THz wave transimission in nerve cell
Authors: Guo Liang-Hao , Wang Shao-Meng , Yang Li-Xia , Wang Kai-Cheng , Ma Jia-Lu , Zhou Jun , Gong Yu-Bin ,   School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China,   Medico-Engineering Cooperation on Applied Medicine Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China,   School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
Published: October 2021

The size of nerve cell is comparable to the wavelength of terahertz (THz) wave. In this work, a new concept of weak resonance effect of nerve cells is proposed. The permittivity of intracellular fluid is measured experimentally by using a THz-TDS system, and the relationship between the permittivity of nerve cells and the frequency is obtained by fitting the double Debye model. The propagation characteristics of THz waves in nerve cells are studied by finite difference time domain. The results show that when the dielectric constant of nerve cell is higher than that of the external medium, THz wave can be enhanced in the nerve cell. Meanwhile, as the dielectric constant of the external medium increases, the resonance will be close to the cell membrane. And it shows the focusing property of THz waves, as a convex lens does. The weak resonance effect is related to the dielectric constant of the background medium, and increases with the cell size and frequency increasing. These results provide a new model to explain the interaction between THz wave and nerve cells, contributing to the study of the transmission mechanism of THz wave in biological nervous system.
Secondary metabolites of Hülle cells mediate protection of fungal reproductive and overwintering structures against fungivorous animals
Authors: Liu Li , Sasse Christoph , Dirnberger Benedict , Valerius Oliver , Fekete-Szücs Enikő , Harting Rebekka , Nordzieke Daniela E , Pöggeler Stefanie , Karlovsky Petr , Gerke Jennifer , Braus Gerhard H
Published: October 2021

Fungal Hülle cells with nuclear storage and developmental backup functions are reminiscent of multipotent stem cells. In the soil, Hülle cells nurse the overwintering fruiting bodies of Aspergillus nidulans. The genome of A. nidulans harbors genes for the biosynthesis of xanthones. We show that enzymes and metabolites of this biosynthetic pathway accumulate in Hülle cells under the control of the regulatory velvet complex, which coordinates development and secondary metabolism. Deletion strains blocked in the conversion of anthraquinones to xanthones accumulate emodins and are delayed in maturation and growth of fruiting bodies. Emodin represses fruiting body and resting structure formation in other fungi. Xanthones are not required for sexual development but exert antifeedant effects on fungivorous animals such as springtails and woodlice. Our findings reveal a novel role of Hülle cells in establishing secure niches for A. nidulans by accumulating metabolites with antifeedant activity that protect reproductive structures from animal predators.
Quantitative theory for the diffusive dynamics of liquid condensates
Authors: Hubatsch Lars , Jawerth Louise M , Love Celina , Bauermann Jonathan , Tang TY Dora , Bo Stefano , Hyman Anthony A , Weber Christoph A
Published: October 2021

Key processes of biological condensates are diffusion and material exchange with their environment. Experimentally, diffusive dynamics are typically probed via fluorescent labels. However, to date, a physics-based, quantitative framework for the dynamics of labeled condensate components is lacking. Here, we derive the corresponding dynamic equations, building on the physics of phase separation, and quantitatively validate the related framework via experiments. We show that by using our framework, we can precisely determine diffusion coefficients inside liquid condensates via a spatio-temporal analysis of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments. We showcase the accuracy and precision of our approach by considering space- and time-resolved data of protein condensates and two different polyelectrolyte-coacervate systems. Interestingly, our theory can also be used to determine a relationship between the diffusion coefficient in the dilute phase and the partition coefficient, without relying on fluorescence measurements in the dilute phase. This enables us to investigate the effect of salt addition on partitioning and bypasses recently described quenching artifacts in the dense phase. Our approach opens new avenues for theoretically describing molecule dynamics in condensates, measuring concentrations based on the dynamics of fluorescence intensities, and quantifying rates of biochemical reactions in liquid condensates.
Decreased recent adaptation at human mendelian disease genes as a possible consequence of interference between advantageous and deleterious variants
Authors: Di Chenlu , Murga Moreno Jesus , Salazar-Tortosa Diego F , Lauterbur M Elise , Enard David
Published: October 2021

Advances in genome sequencing have improved our understanding of the genetic basis of human diseases, and thousands of human genes have been associated with different diseases. Recent genomic adaptation at disease genes has not been well characterized. Here, we compare the rate of strong recent adaptation in the form of selective sweeps between mendelian, non-infectious disease genes and non-disease genes across distinct human populations from the 1000 Genomes Project. We find that mendelian disease genes have experienced far less selective sweeps compared to non-disease genes especially in Africa. Investigating further the possible causes of the sweep deficit at disease genes, we find that this deficit is very strong at disease genes with both low recombination rates and with high numbers of associated disease variants, but is almost non-existent at disease genes with higher recombination rates or lower numbers of associated disease variants. Because segregating recessive deleterious variants have the ability to interfere with adaptive ones, these observations strongly suggest that adaptation has been slowed down by the presence of interfering recessive deleterious variants at disease genes. These results suggest that disease genes suffer from a transient inability to adapt as fast as the rest of the genome.
IRAK1-dependent Regnase-1-14-3-3 complex formation controls Regnase-1-mediated mRNA decay
Authors: Akaki Kotaro , Ogata Kosuke , Yamauchi Yuhei , Iwai Noriki , Tse Ka Man , Hia Fabian , Mochizuki Atsushi , Ishihama Yasushi , Mino Takashi , Takeuchi Osamu
Published: October 2021

Regnase-1 is an endoribonuclease crucial for controlling inflammation by degrading mRNAs encoding cytokines and inflammatory mediators in mammals. However, it is unclear how Regnase-1-mediated mRNA decay is controlled in interleukin (IL)-1β- or Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligand-stimulated cells. Here, by analyzing the Regnase-1 interactome, we found that IL-1β or TLR stimulus dynamically induced the formation of Regnase-1-β-transducin repeat-containing protein (βTRCP) complex. Importantly, we also uncovered a novel interaction between Regnase-1 and 14-3-3 in both mouse and human cells. In IL-1R/TLR-stimulated cells, the Regnase-1-14-3-3 interaction is mediated by IRAK1 through a previously uncharacterized C-terminal structural domain. Phosphorylation of Regnase-1 at S494 and S513 is critical for Regnase-1-14-3-3 interaction, while a different set of phosphorylation sites of Regnase-1 is known to be required for the recognition by βTRCP and proteasome-mediated degradation. We found that Regnase-1-14-3-3 and Regnase-1-βTRCP interactions are not sequential events. Rather, 14-3-3 protects Regnase-1 from βTRCP-mediated degradation. On the other hand, 14-3-3 abolishes Regnase-1-mediated mRNA decay by inhibiting Regnase-1-mRNA association. In addition, nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of Regnase-1 is abrogated by 14-3-3 interaction. Taken together, the results suggest that a novel inflammation-induced interaction of 14-3-3 with Regnase-1 stabilizes inflammatory mRNAs by sequestering Regnase-1 in the cytoplasm to prevent mRNA recognition.
Aggregation in the spotlight
Authors: Wang Zihao , Collier Miranda , Benesch Justin
Published: October 2021

New findings clarify apparently conflicting results about how molecular agents that preserve protein integrity prevent harmful, dense aggregates from forming.
The effect of cartilage decellularized extracellular matrix-chitosan compound on treating knee osteoarthritis in rats
Authors: Chen Deng , Zhang Yaxin , Lin Qun , Chen Duoyun , Li Xiaolei , Dai Jihang , Sun Yu
Published: October 2021

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) refers to a common disease in orthopaedics, whereas effective treatments have been rarely developed. As indicated from existing studies, chondrocyte death, extracellular matrix degradation and subchondral bone injury are recognized as the pathological basis of KOA. The present study aimed to determine the therapeutic effect of decellularized extracellular matrix-chitosan (dECM-CS) compound on KOA. In this study, rat knee cartilage was decellularized, and a satisfactory decellularized extracellular matrix was developed. As suggested from the in vitro experiments, the rat chondrocytes co-cultured with allogeneic dECM grew effectively. According to the results of the alamar blue detection, dECM did not adversely affect the viability of rat chondrocytes, and dECM could up-regulate the genes related to the cartilage synthesis and metabolism. As reported from the animal experiments, dECM-CS compound could protect cartilage, alleviate knee joint pain in rats, significantly delay the progress of KOA in rats, and achieve high drug safety. In brief, dECM-CS compound shows a good therapeutic effect on KOA.
Impacts of climate change on water resources in the major countries along the Belt and Road
Authors: Du Panpan , Xu Ming , Li Renqiang
Published: October 2021

Background

Climate change has altered global hydrological cycles mainly due to changes in temperature and precipitation, which may exacerbate the global and regional water shortage issues, especially in the countries along the Belt and Road (B&R).

Methods

In this paper, we assessed water supply, demand, and stress under three climate change scenarios in the major countries along the Belt and Road. We ensembled ten Global Climate Model (GCM) runoff data and downscaled it to a finer resolution of 0.1° × 0.1° by the random forest model.

Results

Our results showed that the GCM runoff was highly correlated with the FAO renewable water resources and thus could be used to estimate water supply. Climate change would increase water supply by 4.85%, 5.18%, 8.16% and water demand by 1.45%, 1.68%, 2.36% under RCP 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5 scenarios by 2050s, respectively. As a result, climate change will, in general, have little impact on water stress in the B&R countries as a whole. However, climate change will make future water resources more unevenly distributed among the B&R countries and regions, exacerbating water stress in some countries, especially in Central Asia and West Asia. Our results are informative for water resource managers and policymakers in the B&R countries to make sustainable water management strategies under future climate change.