bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does the source of money determine retirement investment choices?
Authors: Anthony Andrea , Beck Kristine , Chira Inga
Published: November 2023

Using a unique dataset of actual investment choices of Oregon State University employees, we investigate how investment choices differ among (1) the optional retirement plan (ORP) funded by the employer and (2) the investments in 403(b) accounts funded by employees themselves using voluntary salary reduction. We find that the level of risk associated with voluntary, salary reduction investments in 403(b) accounts is lower than the risk these same employees are currently taking in their employer funded 401(a) accounts. We also investigate whether the choice of the provider has a significant impact on the asset allocation chosen by the employees and find that participant investment choices in Fidelity are riskier than the choices made by those in TIAA-CREF.
Does the source of a cash flow affect spending versus saving?
Authors: Chambers Valrie , Bland Eugene , Spencer Marilyn
Published: November 2023

This study examines whether people use different mental accounts for different types of hypothetical revenue windfalls rather than viewing them as fungible in their use consistent with neoclassical economics. This study finds that the income source sometimes influenced the amount spent/saved and a respondent’s general default as a spender or saver was highly significant in all regressions. This article adds to the literature by responding to Epley and Gneezy’s (2007) call for “a broader sample of participants, varying amounts of payment, and alternative frames” to identify moderators of windfall framing effects with implications for behavioral economic theory and financial planning.
Two microparticle analyses of Stone Age quartz tools in Finland
Authors: Pesonen Petro , Kirkinen Tuija
Published: November 2023

n/a
Effect of posture on pulmonary function in the third trimester of pregnancy of primigravid, nulliparous and multiparous women in Benin City
Authors: Omorogiuwa A  , Osazee K
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND: the advancing gravid uterus poses a limited lying down posture options in the third trimester. The supine position has been documented to have deleterious cardiovascular effect. This study is aimed at measuring pulmonary function of pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy with some lying down positions viz a viz parity.MATERIALS AND METHOD: It was a cross sectional study carried out at St Philomena's Catholic Hospital. A total of 150 third trimester pregnant subjects in 5 groups of parities with 30 in each group and in different lying down were studied. Spirometric measurements of forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were performed in sitting position which served as the control, and the test positions were supine, left lateral and right lateral.RESULT: FVC and FEV1 values of all subjects in all positions studied were significantly lower than the sitting position. However, the FVC and FEV1 of subjects in the lateral positions were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the supine position across parities. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the left lateral position and the right lateral positions. Furthermore there was an increase in FVC and FEV1 of subjects as the parity increases across all lying down position.CONCLUSION: Supine position in the third trimester of pregnancy has a negative effect on pulmonary function and should be discouraged; parity however has a cumulative positive effect on pulmonary function across the postures studied.
« Comme la sangsue adhère à la peau et suce le sang de l’homme ». Symbolique et théologie du pardon dans le MRDZ
Authors:   Université Catholique du Congo, MALOBA KAYAMBA Grégoire
Published: November 2023

Résumé Dans tous les rites religieux du monde, il existe des symboles de purification et de pardon. Le missel romain pour les diocèses du Zaïre (MRDZ) ne déroge pas à la règle. En symbolisant la profondeur du mal par «la sangsue qui colle à la peau», le rite pénitentiel du MRDZ sonne comme un appel au secours divin qui libère du mal et rétablit la vie : l’articulation du pardon et du salut est nettement confirmée.
Síndrome Moebius en el Hospital Apoyo Iquitos. Posible Causa por Exposición a Misoprostol. Reporte de un Caso
Authors: Silva Delgado Hermann , Villaverde Montoya Javier
Published: November 2023

Describimos una recién nacida afectada con Síndrome Moebius, cuya madre usó Misoprostol a las 9 semanas de la gestación con fines abortivos, ingiriendo dos tabletas vía bucal (400ug) y aplicándose vaginalmente tres tabletas (600ug) sin provocar el aborto. Se describe el perfil clínico de un paciente y su evolución hasta el alta. Además se comparan las diferencias clínicas presentadas en nuestro paciente con los casos descritos en la literatura. Se postulan varias hipótesis respecto a la etiopatogenia del Síndrome y su probable asociación al uso de Misoprostol (Citotec®) con fines abortivos en el primer trimestre de la gestación. El Misoprostol ha sido descrito como responsable de disrupción vascular, secundaria a sus efectos uterotónicos y alteración del flujo sanguíneo fetal, que deriva en hipoxia y hemorragia.
¿Existe un módulo moral?
Authors: Chávez Miguel
Published: November 2023

Muchas investigaciones (1980-2012) afirman que los humanos estamos equipados de lo que se llama un normative moral sense que resulta de una red neuronal que incluye diferentes regiones del cerebro con su principal centro representado por la Corteza Pre-frontal Ventro Medial (VMPFC) especialmente del lado derecho. El juicio moral y la conducta requieren, de hecho, de la integración de diferentes procesos como: la decodificación de señales por órganos sensitivos (tálamo), la activación de emociones básicas (lóbulo temporal antero medial, tronco cerebral y núcleos de los centros visceromotores), la conciencia de la relevancia e importancia de los estímulos (VMPFC y la corteza orbito frontal) y la implementación de control de potenciales formas relacionadas de conducta. De acuerdo a este modelo una alteración en cualquiera de los centros corticales o subcoiticales podría constituir la base para los cambios en la conducta social. Entonces el concepto que ha surgido en muchos estudios, es que puede existir un módulo moral o un sentido moral innato el cual puede ser la base de las emociones, sentimientos y conductas con el fin de promover la cohesión del grupo y cooperación. Como argumento de la existencia de este módulo innato, hay evidencias en base a observaciones clínicas y de radio imágenes que muestran que la patología se debe a alteraciones de esta "red moral". Hay que tener en cuenta que los procesos cognitivos y emocionales juegan un papel competitivo en la aparición del juicio moral.
Malignant Phyllodes Tumor in the Male: A Case Report
Authors: Suan Eloise Ana , Tabilog Manfred , Kangleon Rogelio , Ranile Hamabad , Senerpida Alain
Published: November 2023

Phyllodes tumors are breast tumors accounting for about 1% of all breast neoplasms in women and are rare in males. Reported here is a case of a 45-year-old male presenting with a rapidly enlarging right breast mass with invasion of the anterior chest wall. Core Needle Biopsy revealed Malignant Phyllodes Tumor. He underwent wide excision and chest wall resection. Reconstruction was performed using polyropelene mesh, a latissimus dorsi flap and split thickness skin grafting. Patient was discharged on the 33rd post-operative day due to delayed expansion of the right lung from splinting and subsequent near-complete loss of the split thickness skin graft over the latissimus muscle flap. On the recommendation of the plastic surgeon, the wound was allowed to heal by secondary intention. This report draws attention to the rarity of malignant phyllodes tumor in males, and the difficulty of recognizing a malignant pathology in males presenting with breast mass. It also highlights a cost-effective treatment option in the management of these tumors. Key words: Malignant Phyllodes tumor, Male Phyllodes tumor, breast
A Retrospective Comparative Study Between Early (≤ 72 hrs) and Late (> 72 hrs) Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy after ERCP in St. Paul’s Hospital Iloilo
Authors: Alogon Feje , Leonida Lister
Published: November 2023

Objective: The study was performed to assess and compare the effect of early (≤ 72 hours) and late (>72 hours) laparoscopic cholecystectomy after Endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreatography (ERCP) in terms of duration of operation, conversion to open cholecystectomy, intraoperative complicating factors, duration of hospital stay from the date of ERCP, hospital expenses, and presence of postoperative complications. Methods: This is a retrospective study from 2010 up to July 2019. Outcomes (duration of operation, rate of conversion, intraoperative complicating factors, length of hospital stay, hospital expenses and post-operative complications) were compared between patients who had ERCP then cholecystectomy within 72 hours (Early Group) and those who had ERCP then cholecystectomy after more than 72 hours (Late Group). Results: A total of 19 patients were included in this study. There were 10 patients in the Early Group and 9 in the Late Group. Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy after ERCP had a shorter statistically significant duration of hospital. Shorter operative time, fewer intraoperative complicating factors, no conversion to open cholecystectomy, cheaper hospital expenses and no post-operative complications were also noted in the Early Group as compared to the Late Group. Conclusion: Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy is safe and results in a shorter hospital stay compared to late laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Key words: early laparoscopic cholecystectomy, cholecystectomy after ERCP, choledocholithiasis, cholecystolithiasis
Diagnostic Accuracy of a Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Device for Detecting Intracranial Hemorrhage in Mild Closed Traumatic Brain Injury at a Philippine Trauma Center
Authors: Viray Brent Andrew , Mokamad-Romancap Halima , Herbosa Teodoro , Talens Eric , Alberto Nicole Rose
Published: November 2023

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio of a handheld Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) device (Infrascanner 2000®) in detecting intracranial hemorrhage in mild, closed traumatic brain injury patients in the emergency room setting. Methods: This prospective study evaluated the diagnostic validity of a NIRS device in hemodynamically stable patients with mild, closed traumatic brain injury. The authors included patients aged 15 to 65 years who were consecutively admitted to the Emergency Department of the Philippine General Hospital from June 2017 to September 2017. Patients were scanned by a trained research assistant with the NIRS device in the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital areas of the brain bilaterally. A cranial computed tomography scan was used as a reference standard for comparison. Results: A total of 83 participants with mild, close traumatic brain injury were included in the final analysis. There were 68 (82%) males, and the mean age was 29.52 years old. Of the 83 participants, 41 had intracranial hemorrhages (23 subdural, 13 epidural, 5 intraprenchymal). The NIRS device exhibited a sensitivity, 85.37% [55-96.19%]; specificity, 92.86% [85.07-100.00%]; PPV, 92.12% [83.53-100.00%]; NPV, 86.67% [76.74-96.60%]; PLR, 11.96 [3.99- 35.82]; and NLR, 0.16 [0.07-0.33]. Conclusion: The NIRS device can reliably screen for hemorrhages in patients with mild, closed traumatic brain injury using CT scan results as the gold standard. These diagnostic values suggest the potential role of the NIRS device in the early evaluation of patients with traumatic brain injury requiring urgent care. Key words: near-infrared spectroscopy, intracranial hemorrhage, mild traumatic brain injury
Endoscopic Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy for Early Breast Cancer: A Case Series of a Minimally-invasive Technique
Authors: Yacapin Clarence Pio Rey , Mascardo Karen , Atazan Judy Carissa , Cruz Jose Joven
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to share the authors’ preliminary experience with endoscopic nipple-sparing mastectomy in the Philippines. All medical records of patients who underwent endoscopic mastectomy done by the same surgeons in two institutions from March to October 2019 were collected and analyzed. Surgical margin, operating time, blood loss volume, and post-operative complications were noted. Three cases were recorded during the study period. The mean operative time was 341 minutes and the mean blood loss volume was < 20 mL. All cases had negative margins of resection on final histopathology. One patient developed ecchymosis on the axilla, while the other patients had unremarkable post-operative courses. Endoscopic nipple-sparing mastectomy is a potentially safe and feasible alternative in breast cancer management. Further evaluation of the procedure is recommended. Key words: breast cancer, mastectomy, nipple-sparing, endoscopy
الأدلّةُ والشّواهدُ على أنّ غرابةَ السّند لا توجبُ ردَّ الحديث
Authors: عبد الباري حميدي
Published: November 2023

لم يلحق النبي غ بالرفيق الأعلى إلا وقد وضع ضمانات ملموسة، وتحصينات متينة لحفظ سنته التي هي مثل القرآن وقسيمه والحفاظ عليها من كل دسّ أو دخيل؛ وذلك بحثّ أصحابه ومن بعدهم من التابعين وأتباعهم بجلوسهم للسماع والإسماع اللًذين هما حصن أمان للسنة من أن يضيع منها حرف، كما حذّرهم في الوقت نفسه من الكذب عليه؛ لئلا يزاد عليها حرف فامتثلت الصحابة ومن بعدهم أوامر رسولهم في هذا الجانب المهم كما إمتثلوه في سائر الجوانب، فحفظوا السنة في صدورهم، وجمعوها ودوّنوها في السطور والصحف، مرتبين ذلك على الأبواب والمواضيع تارة، وعلى المسانيد وأسماء تارة أخرى.
ومع انتشار الابتداع من الخوارج والروافض ومنكري الاقدار، بدأت مرحلة التنقيح والتفحّص والتفحيص، فانبرى أمير المؤمنين في الحديث، الإمام محمد بن إسماعيل البخاري، فألف كتابه الصحيح الذي تلقته الأمة بالقبول، واعتبروه أصحَّ كتاب بعد كتاب الله تعالى.
وقد أدرك أعداء الدين والسنة أهمية هذا الكتاب فصوّبوا سهامهم المسمومة نحوه متمنّين بذلك إسقاط غيره بإسقاطه وتبعهم في ذلك طائفة من أبناء الأمة، فحاولوا إضعافه أو إسقاطه – إن استطاعوا – بطعون واهية، وإيرادات فارغة، وممن انتقده بتلك الإيرادات صاحب كتاب حكمة الباري، فكان من إيراداته على حدّ زعمه اشتماله على الأسانيد الغريبة، فجاءت هذه المقالة لبيان أن الغرابة لا تنافي الصحة، كما أن كثرة الطرق وتعدّدها لا تلازمها، فكم من حديث تعدّدت طرقه وهو ضعيف، فأساس قبول خبر الراوي عدالته وضبطه. لذلك نجد أن العلماء جمعوا الغريب مع أنوع المقبول كالصحيح والحسن، كما أنهم قسّموه إلى غرائب الصحيح، غرائب الشيوخ، وغرائب المتون، وغير ذلك. فكلّ ذلك تتدل على أن الغرابة لا تنافي الصحة ولذلك لم ينتقد هذا الأمر أحد من المنتقدين في القديم والحديث على البخاري ولا على غيره من أئمة الحديث؛ وذلك لظهور هذا الأمر ووضوحه لديهم.
Religiosity of Muslim girls, participation in extracurricular activities and its effects on their educational aspiration: A moderated mediation model
Authors:   Pundra University of Science & Technology Department of Education Bogura, Bangladesh, Sarker Md. Shahidul Islam
Published: November 2023

The present study aims to determine whether girls’ participation in extracurricular activities at schools mediates the relationship between religiosity and their educational aspirations, and if so, how this effect varies depending on parental education. Altogether, 312 Muslim female students in Grades 9 and 10 from eight secondary schools in Bangladesh were interviewed. Ar part of the study, an inferential test of the conditional indirect effect of the independent variable at specified moderator values on the dependent variable was conducted using the Hayes’ percentile approach. Analyses revealed that girls’ religiosity has an indirect and significant adverse effect on their educational aspirations through their participation in extracurricular activities and the relationship, significantly moderated by the level of their parents’ education.
Approach-avoidance reinforcement learning as a translational and computational model of anxiety-related avoidance
Authors: Yamamori Yumeya , Robinson Oliver J , Roiser Jonathan P
Published: November 2023

Although avoidance is a prevalent feature of anxiety-related psychopathology, differences in the measurement of avoidance between humans and non-human animals hinder our progress in its theoretical understanding and treatment. To address this, we developed a novel translational measure of anxiety-related avoidance in the form of an approach-avoidance reinforcement learning task, by adapting a paradigm from the non-human animal literature to study the same cognitive processes in human participants. We used computational modelling to probe the putative cognitive mechanisms underlying approach-avoidance behaviour in this task and investigated how they relate to subjective task-induced anxiety. In a large online study (n = 372), participants who experienced greater task-induced anxiety avoided choices associated with punishment, even when this resulted in lower overall reward. Computational modelling revealed that this effect was explained by greater individual sensitivities to punishment relative to rewards. We replicated these findings in an independent sample (n = 627) and we also found fair-to-excellent reliability of measures of task performance in a sub-sample retested 1 week later (n = 57). Our findings demonstrate the potential of approach-avoidance reinforcement learning tasks as translational and computational models of anxiety-related avoidance. Future studies should assess the predictive validity of this approach in clinical samples and experimental manipulations of anxiety.
Mouse gingival single-cell transcriptomic atlas: An activated fibroblast subpopulation guides oral barrier immunity in periodontitis
Authors: Kondo Takeru , Gleason Annie , Okawa Hiroko , Hokugo Akishige , Nishimura Ichiro
Published: November 2023

Periodontitis, one of the most common non-communicable diseases, is characterized by chronic oral inflammation and uncontrolled tooth supporting alveolar bone resorption. Its underlying mechanism to initiate aberrant oral barrier immunity has yet to be delineated. Here, we report a unique fibroblast subpopulation
a
ctivated to
g
uide oral inflammation (AG fibroblasts) identified in a single-cell RNA sequencing gingival cell atlas constructed from the mouse periodontitis models. AG fibroblasts localized beneath the gingival epithelium and in the cervical periodontal ligament responded to the ligature placement and to the discrete application of Toll-like receptor stimulants to mouse maxillary tissue. The upregulated chemokines and ligands of AG fibroblasts linked to the putative receptors of neutrophils in the early stages of periodontitis. In the established chronic inflammation, neutrophils together with AG fibroblasts appeared to induce type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) that were the primary source of interleukin-17 cytokines. The comparative analysis of
Rag2
-/- and
Rag2γc
-/-mice suggested that ILC3 contributed to the cervical alveolar bone resorption interfacing the gingival inflammation. We propose that AG fibroblasts function as a previously unrecognized surveillant to initiate gingival inflammation leading to periodontitis through the AG fibroblast-neutrophil-ILC3 axis.
DNL343 is an investigational CNS penetrant eIF2B activator that prevents and reverses the effects of neurodegeneration caused by the Integrated Stress Response
Authors: Yulyaningsih Ernie , Suh Jung H. , Fanok Melania H. , Chau Roni , Solanoy Hilda , Takahashi Ryan , Bakardjiev Anna I. , Becerra Isabel , Benitez N. Butch , Chiu Chi-Lu , Davis Sonnet S , Dowdle William E. , Earr Timothy , Estrada Anthony A. , Gill Audrey , Ha Connie , Haddick Patrick C. G. , Henne Kirk R. , Larhammar Martin , Leung Amy Wing-Sze , Maciuca Romeo , Memarzadeh Bahram , Nguyen Hoang N. , Nugent Alicia , Osipov Maksim , Ran Yingqing , Rebadulla Kevin , Roche Elysia , Sandmann Thomas , Wang Jing , Lewcock Joseph W. , Scearce-Levie Kimberly , Kane Lesley A. , Sanchez Pascal E.
Published: November 2023

The integrated stress response (ISR) is a conserved pathway in eukaryotic cells that is activated in response to multiple sources of cellular stress. Although acute activation of this pathway restores cellular homeostasis, intense or prolonged ISR activation perturbs cell function and may contribute to neurodegeneration. DNL343 is an investigational CNS-penetrant small molecule ISR inhibitor designed to activate the eukaryotic initiation factor 2B (eIF2B) and suppress aberrant ISR activation. DNL343 reduced CNS ISR activity and neurodegeneration in a dose-dependent manner in two established
in vivo
models – the optic nerve crush injury and an eIF2B loss of function (LOF) mutant – demonstrating neuroprotection in both and preventing motor dysfunction in the LOF mutant mouse. Treatment with DNL343 at a late stage of disease in the LOF model reversed elevation in plasma biomarkers of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration and prevented premature mortality. Several proteins and metabolites that are dysregulated in the LOF mouse brains were normalized by DNL343 treatment, and this response is detectable in human biofluids. Several of these biomarkers show differential levels in CSF and plasma from patients with vanishing white matter disease (VWMD), a neurodegenerative disease that is driven by eIF2B LOF and chronic ISR activation, supporting their potential translational relevance. This study demonstrates that DNL343 is a brain penetrant ISR inhibitor capable of attenuating neurodegeneration in mouse models and identifies several biomarker candidates that may be used to assess treatment responses in the clinic.
Assessing the ecological risk of heavy metal sediment contamination from Port Everglades Florida USA
Authors: Giarikos Dimitrios G. , White Laura , Daniels Andre M. , Santos Radleigh G. , Baldauf Paul E. , Hirons Amy C.
Published: November 2023

Port sediments are often contaminated with metals and organic compounds from anthropogenic sources. Remobilization of sediment during a planned expansion of Port Everglades near Fort Lauderdale, Florida (USA) has the potential to harm adjacent benthic communities, including coral reefs. Twelve sediment cores were collected from four Port Everglades sites and a control site; surface sediment was collected at two nearby coral reef sites. Sediment cores, sampled every 5 cm, were analyzed for 14 heavy metals using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Results for all three locations yielded concentration ranges (µg/g): As (0.607–223), Cd (n/d–0.916), Cr (0.155–56.8), Co (0.0238–7.40), Cu (0.004–215), Pb (0.0169–73.8), Mn (1.61–204), Hg (n/d–0.736), Mn (1.61–204), Ni (0.232–29.3), Se (n/d–4.79), Sn (n/d–140), V (0.160–176), and Zn (0.112–603), where n/d = non-detected. The geo-accumulation index shows moderate-to-strong contamination of As and Mo in port sediments, and potential ecological risk indicates moderate-to-significantly high overall metal contamination. All four port sites have sediment core subsamples with As concentrations above both threshold effect level (TEL, 7.24 µg/g) and probable effect level (PEL, 41.6 µg/g), while Mo geometric mean concentrations exceed the background continental crust level (1.5 µg/g) threshold. Control site sediments exceed TEL for As, while the reef sites has low to no overall heavy metal contamination. Results of this study indicate there is a moderate to high overall ecological risk from remobilized sediment due to metal contamination. Due to an imminent dredging at Port Everglades, this could have the potential to harm the threatened adjacent coral communities and surrounding protected habitats.
Characteristic of persistent human papillomavirus infection in women worldwide: a meta–analysis
Authors: Zhao Ming , Zhou Dan , Zhang Min , Kang Peipei , Cui Meimei , Zhu Liling , Luo Limei
Published: November 2023

Objectives

We aimed to estimate the genotype distribution of persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in females worldwide, and provided a scientific basis for the prevention strategies of cervical cancer (CC) and the development of HPV vaccines.

Methods

Both English and Chinese databases were researched from the inception to July 2023. The pooled persistent HPV infection prevalence was calculated using a random effects model. The subgroup analysis was performed to explore the heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plot, Egger’s and Begg’s test.

Results

Twenty-eight studies with 27,335 participants were included. The pooled prevalence of persistent HPV infection was 29.37% (95% CI [24.05%∼35.31%]), and the genotypes with the persistent infection prevalence were HPV16 (35.01%), HPV52 (28.19%), HPV58 (27.06%), HPV18 (25.99%), HPV33 (24.37%), HPV31 (23.35%), HPV59 (21.87%), HPV39 (19.54%), HPV68 (16.61%) and HPV45 (15.05%). The prevalence of multiple and single HPV persistent infection were 48.66% and 36.71%, respectively; the prevalence of persistent HPV infection in different age groups (<30, 30∼39, 40∼49, >50) were 29.83%, 28.39%, 22.24% and 30.22%, respectively. The follow-up time was significantly associated with heterogeneity by subgroup analysis (P < 0.05), and the prevalence of persistent infection decreased with longer follow-up time.

Conclusions

Multiple infections were more likely to occur persistent HPV infection than single infection. In addition to HPV vaccination, we should emphasize the follow-up management for women under 30 and over 50 years old, those with high-risk HPV infection (HPV59, 39, 68) and multiple infections.
Tricks of the puppet masters: morphological adaptations to the interaction with nervous system underlying host manipulation by rhizocephalan barnaclePolyascus polygeneus
Authors: Lianguzova Anastasia , Arbuzova Natalia , Laskova Ekaterina , Gafarova Elizaveta , Repkin Egor , Matach Dzmitry , Enshina Irina , Miroliubov Aleksei
Published: November 2023

Background

Rhizocephalan interaction with their decapod hosts is a superb example of host manipulation. These parasites are able to alter the host’s physiology and behavior. Host-parasite interaction is performed, presumably,viaspecial modified rootlets invading the ventral ganglions.

Methods

In this study, we focus on the morphology and ultrastructure of these special rootlets inPolyascus polygeneus(Lützen & Takahashi, 1997), family Polyascidae, invading the neuropil of the host’s nervous tissue. The ventral ganglionic mass of the infected crabs were fixed, and the observed sites of the host-parasite interplay were studied using transmission electron microscopy, immunolabeling and confocal microscopy.

Results

The goblet-shaped organs present in the basal families of parasitic barnacles were presumably lost in a common ancestor of Polyascidae and crown “Akentrogonida”, but the observed invasive rootlets appear to perform similar functions, including the synthesis of various substances which are transferred to the host’s nervous tissue. Invasive rootlets significantly differ from trophic ones in cell layer composition and cuticle thickness. Numerous multilamellar bodies are present in the rootlets indicating the intrinsic cell rearrangement. The invasive rootlets ofP. polygeneusare enlaced by the thin projections of glial cells. Thus, glial cells can be both the first hosts’ respondents to the nervous tissue damage and the mediator of the rhizocephalan interaction with the nervous cells. One of the potential molecules engaged in the relationships ofP. polygeneusand its host is serotonin, a neurotransmitter which is found exclusively in the invasive rootlets but not in trophic ones. Serotonin participates in different biological pathways in metazoans including the regulation of aggression in crustaceans, which is reduced in infected crabs. We conclude that rootlets associated with the host’s nervous tissue are crucial for the regulation of host-parasite interplay and for evolution of the Rhizocephala.
Psychometric properties of the Mexican version of the opening minds stigma scale for health care providers (OMS-HC)
Authors: Valdivia Ramos Hugo Noel , Mora-Rios Jazmín , Natera Guillermina , Mondragón Liliana
Published: November 2023

Background

Healthcare providers are one of the main groups that contribute to the stigmatization of people with mental disorders. Apathy, accusation, fatalism, and morbid curiosity are the most common forms of stigmatization encountered, and these are associated with inadequate treatment, reduced treatment adherence, decreased help-seeking behavior, an increased risk of relapse, and complications with other medical conditions. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of an adapted Spanish version of the Opening Minds Stigma Scale (OMS-HC) for healthcare providers in Mexico and identify certain stigmatizing attitudes within this group.

Methods

An ex-post facto cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 556 healthcare providers in Mexico, with an average age of 29.7 years, who were mostly women (80.4%). Validity was examined through confirmatory factor analysis. Differences according to gender, discipline, occupation, and educational level were analyzed using multivariate methods.

Results

The factor structure of the OMS-HC, consisting of three subscales identified by the original authors of the instrument (attitudes of healthcare providers towards people with mental illness, secrecy/help-seeking, and social distance), was confirmed. The model demonstrated good fit (x2/df = 2.36, RMSEA = 0.050, CFI = 0.970, TLI = 0.962, SRMR = 0.054, NFI = 0.950, PNFI = 0.742). Internal consistency was found to be adequate (α = 0.73, ω = 0.76) for the scale itself and slightly lower than acceptable for the subscales. Significant differences were found by discipline, educational level, and, for student providers, by academic semester. Higher scores were observed on the OMS-HC scale among nursing and medical professionals, undergraduate students, and those in early semesters.

Conclusions

The Spanish version of the OMS-HC has demonstrated adequate psychometric properties and could be a useful tool to facilitate research on this topic in Mexico, and to carry out comparative studies with healthcare personnel in other Spanish-speaking countries.
Soil Conditioners: Refinement of Soil Health for Better Tomorrow
Authors: Thakur Pranjal , Shubham Hardik Wadhwa, , Kaushal Shilpa
Published: November 2023

In the present era, we can see an overabundance of fertilizers and more focus on chemical inputs. The extensive use of fertilizers has resulted in a worldwide issue of soil degradation, causing the reduction of organic material and soil fertility. At the same time, farming is getting more intense as cities grow and industries expand. This is making more and more waste. As an example, mining for coal makes a lot of waste all over the world, and most of this waste is put into landfills or special ponds. This is where sustainable food production comes in. People all around the world are coming up with new ideas to use waste in a good way to make useful things, like stuff that can improve soil. In the present era, soil conditioners are highly valuable for enhancing both plant growth and soil well-being, simultaneously reducing the need for chemical fertilizers. Any procedure that enhances a soil's capacity to improve crop yields, or that betters the soil's effectiveness for any purpose, can be termed as soil conditioning, and any substance used in soil conditioning is referred to as a soil conditioner. Soil necessitates conditioning for various reasons, with a key objective being the management of soil degradation, improve soil's air-water interactions, drainage capability, and aggregation. This process also aims to mitigate issues like compaction, soil crusting, and water repellency. Soil conditioner surrounds a wide range of substance, such as organic materials, gypsum, lime, diverse water-soluble polymers, natural deposits, and cross-linked polymers that retain soil moisture. It also includes living plants, microbes, various industrial waste products, and similar items. Soil conditioners offer utility by enhancing the soil's functionality as an ecosystem and improving its efficiency in providing support for crop growth.
Assessment of Yield Potential of Paddy Variety CR 1009 Sub 1 to Impart Resilience to Farmers in NICRA Village, Thiruvarur District, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Anuratha A. , Ramesh R. , Ramasubramanian M. , Radhakrishnan V. , Kamalasundari S. , Sebastian Shibi , Selvamurugan M. , Krishnan V.
Published: November 2023

The study was conducted in the villages of Rayapuram and Keezhapattu in Tamil Nadu, as part of the National Innovation on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) project in the Needamangalam district of Thiruvarur from 2015 to 2018. These villages frequently experienced floods, particularly impacting the rabi season's crop growth and maturity. The monsoon season (September to December) contributed to about 71% of the total rainfall. A comparative analysis was carried out to assess the economic performance of the flood-resistant paddy variety CR 1009 sub 1 in contrast to the commonly grown CR 1009. Traditionally, farmers in Rayapuram and Keezhapattu favored CR 1009 due to its high market value during the monsoon period. However, they faced low income due to flooding in the rabi season. To address this challenge, scientists from KVK, Thiruvarur, recommended the flood-tolerant paddy variety CR 1009 sub 1 for cultivation during the rabi season under the "National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA)" project. Specific climate-resilient technologies, including flood-tolerant paddy variety "CR 1009 sub 1" and a high-yield, long-duration rice variety, were tested and demonstrated in the project villages to ensure rice production despite climatic variations leading to floods. It was crucial to assess how these varieties responded to climate vulnerabilities and how receptive farmers were to adopting them. Calculations were made to compare paddy productivity and economic returns under the improved technology with the traditional practices of farmers. The results indicated that the "CR 1009 sub 1" variety yielded higher harvests compared to the farmers' practices in the years 2015–16, 2016–17, and 2017–18, with increases of 12.60%, 11.69%, and 12.95% respectively. Furthermore, using improved technologies for paddy cultivation generated higher net returns of Rs. 57233, 60768, and 57728 per hectare in 2015–16, 2016–17, and 2017–18, respectively, in contrast to the farmers' practices (which yielded Rs. 49147, 50295, and 46266 per hectare in the same years). In comparison to the farmers' practices (with an average net return of Rs. 48569 per hectare and a benefit-cost ratio of 2.37), the demonstration fields showed an average net return of Rs. 58576 per hectare and a benefit-cost ratio of 2.56.
Effects of Effective-Microorganism (EM) Treated Fish Pond Effluent on Soil Microbial Activities
Authors: Wenapere, C. M.  , Orji O. A.
Published: November 2023

An experiment was conducted at the Department of Crop/Soil Science, Rivers State University to evaluate effects of Effective Microorganism (EM) treated fish pond effluent on soil microbial activities. The study had two levels of fish pond effluent (Diluted and undiluted) and three levels of treated effluent (0EMAS, EMAS, EMAS+EM5) laid out in a completely randomized design with three replications. Microbial count and Carbon-dioxide evolution were evaluated. Total Carbon-dioxide evolved after 15 weeks was highest in soils treated with EMAS+EM5-N and was least in EMAS+EM5-D. The identified fungal isolates were Aspergillus and Mucor species, and the identified bacteria were Bacillus and Micrococcus species but bacteria were more predominant than fungi and recorded highest in soils treated with EMAS+EM5-N. Also Effective Microorganism (EM) increased the biodiversity of microorganism. Data were subjected to analysis of variance.
Integrated Weed Management in Summer Sesame (sesumun indicum L.)
Authors: Chaudhari P. R. , Kugashiya K. G. , Dabhi M. S. , Viradiya Y. A. , Chaudhari B. K.
Published: November 2023

A field research was evaluated at the Seed Technology, S. D Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar-385506, Banaskantha (North Gujarat) in the year between summer 2019 to 2021 to study the effect of weed management practices in summer sesamum. Experimental plot was loamy sand in texture with low organic carbon and available N, medium in available P2O5 and high in available K2O.

Treatments were weed free (IC fb HW at 20 and 40 DAS), weedy control, pendimethalin 30 EC 0.750 kg/ha PE application fb IC+HW  at 30 DAS, pendimethalin 30 EC1.0 kg/ha PE application fb IC+HW  at 30 DAS, oxadiargyl  6 EC  75 g/ha PE fb IC + HW at 30 DAS, oxadiargyl 6 EC  90 g / ha PE fb IC+HW at 30 DAS, quizalofop-ethyl 5 EC 40 g/ha PoE 20 DAS  fb IC+ HW at 40 DAS, quizalofop-ethyl 5 EC 50 g/ha PoE at 20 DAS  fb IC+  HW  at 40 DAS, pendimethalin 30 EC 0.75 kg/ha PE fb quizalofo-pethyl 5 EC  40 g/ha at 30 DAS and pendimethalin 30 EC  1.0 kg/ha PE fb quizalofop-ethyl 5  EC 40 g/ha at 30 DAS.

The results revealed that significantly maximum seed yield (0.90 t/ha), stalk yield (2.14 t/ha), number of capsules per plant (73.1) and number of branches per plant (5.2) were obtained under  weed free (IC fb HW at 20 and 40 DAS) treatment with maximum net realization (₹52322/ha).

Minimum weed density at harvest/m2 and weed dry weight/m2 (67.17/m2 and 32.51g/m2) and maximum weed control efficiency (71.62%) were found under weed free (IC fb HW at 20 and 40 DAS).
Detection of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern and Molecular Detection of Resistance Genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Urine Samples of Suspected UTI Patients Attending Public Hospitals in Nasarawa South Senatorial District, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Ashefo D. P.  , Ngwai Y. B.  , Ishaleku D.  , Nkene I. H.  , Abimiku  R. H.  , Tama S. C.
Published: November 2023

Aims: The aim of the current study was to determine antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and the incidence of resistance genes (β-lactamase-encoded genes) among clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae.

Study Design: Investigative.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, between November 2022 and July 2023.

Methodology: A total of 375 clinical samples were randomly collected from patients and isolation and identification was done using standard microbiological methods. The antibiotic susceptibility testing for the isolates was carried out in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute protocol. The detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production in K. pneumoniae isolates was carried out using double disc synergy test.  In addition, molecular detection of ESBL genes was carried out using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method.

Results: The overall incidence rate of K. pneumoniae in the 375 clinical samples from Nasarawa South Senatorial District was 38 (10.13%). Resistance was high to ampicillin (94.74%) and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (73.6%) but low to cefotaxime (13.16%), ceftriaxone (18.42%), ceftazidime and cefoxitin (23.60%) and gentamicin (28.94%).  Most of the isolates were multi-drug resistant (MDR; 81.5%) and none was Pan Drug resistant. All 15 isolates jointly resistant to cefotaxime and/or ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin 100.0% were ESBL producers, distributed as follows: blaCTX-M-1 7(46.6%); blaCTX-M-34(26.6%); blaSHV 6(40.0%); blaTEM6 (40.0%); and blaOXA 5(33.3%).

Conclusion: K. pneumoniae isolated from the urine of patients attending public hospitals in Nasarawa South were less resistant to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, gentamicin, ceftriaxone, and cefoxitin in the study location. This implies that the antibiotics are useful in the treatment of infection caused by K. pneumoniae. Also, ESBL-positive K. pneumoniae isolates harbored ESBL genes, with blaCTX-M as the most common.
Erkek Rolü Normlarının Psikolojik Yardım Arama Engelleriyle İlişkisi
Authors: GÜLTEKİN İbrahim , DURMUŞ Emine
Published: November 2023

Bu araştırmanın amacı, erkek rolü normlarının psikolojik yardım arama engelleriyle ilişkisini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmada nicel araştırma desenlerinden korelasyonel desen benimsenmiştir. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını 18-30 yaş aralığındaki üniversite öğrencileri ve mezunları oluşturmaktadır. Uygun örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilmiş 505’i (%58) kadın ve 365’i (%42) erkek olmak üzere 870 genç yetişkin araştırmaya dahil edilmiştir. Veriler “Erkek Rolü Normları Ölçeği”, “Psikolojik Yardım Almaya İlişkin Engeller Ölçeği” ve kişisel bilgi formu aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları, erkeklerin kadınlardan daha fazla geleneksel erkek rollerini benimsediğini göstermektedir. Yine erkekler, psikolojik yardım alırlarsa damgalanabileceklerinden kadınlardan daha fazla korkmakta, yardım alırlarsa kendilerini daha değersiz hissedeceklerini düşünmektedir. Erkeklerin, psikolojik yardım süreçleriyle ilgili bilgileri kadınlara kıyasla daha azdır. Kadın erkek fark etmeksizin geçmişte yardım alma durumlarına göre incelendiğinde, yardım almamış olan kişilerin yardım arama engellerinin daha fazla olduğu ve bu kişiler aynı zamanda erkek rolü normları bakımından da daha geleneksel rolleri benimsediği görülmüştür. Sonuçlar erkek rolü normlarının psikolojik yardım arama engelleriyle ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu ilişkinin en güçlü yordayıcılarıysa “Bir erkek kadınsılığı anımsatacak her şeyden kaçınmalıdır” düşüncesini yansıtan kadınsılık karşıtlığına ilişkin normlar ve “Bir erkek sert olmalıdır” düşüncesini yansıtan sertliğe ilişkin normlarıdır.
Industry Involvement and Transparency in the Most Cited Clinical Trials, 2019-2022
Authors: Siena Leonardo M. , Papamanolis Lazaros , Siebert Maximilian J. , Bellomo Rosa Katia , Ioannidis John P. A.
Published: November 2023

Importance

Industry involvement is prominent in influential clinical trials, and commitments to transparency of trials are highly variable.

Objective

To evaluate the modes of industry involvement and the transparency features of the most cited recent clinical trials across medicine.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study was a meta-research assessment including randomized and nonrandomized clinical trials published in 2019 or later. The 600 trials of any type of disease or setting that attracted highest number of citations in Scopus as of December 2022 were selected for analysis. Data were analyzed from March to September 2023.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Outcomes of interest were industry involvement (sponsor, author, and analyst) and transparency (protocols, statistical analysis plans, and data and code availability).

Results

Among 600 trials with a median (IQR) sample size of 415 (124-1046) participants assessed, 409 (68.2%) had industry funding and 303 (50.5%) were exclusively industry-funded. A total of 354 trials (59.0%) had industry authors, with 280 trials (46.6%) involving industry analysts and 125 trials (20.8%) analyzed exclusively by industry analysts. Among industry-funded trials, 364 (89.0%) reached conclusions favoring the sponsor. Most trials (478 trials [79.7%]) provided a data availability statement, and most indicated intention to share the data, but only 16 trials (2.7%) had data already readily available to others. More than three-quarters of trials had full protocols (482 trials [82.0%]) or statistical analysis plans (446 trials [74.3%]) available, but only 27 trials (4.5%) explicitly mentioned sharing analysis code (8 readily available; 19 on request). Randomized trials were more likely than nonrandomized studies to involve only industry analysts (107 trials [22.9%] vs 18 trials [13.6%]; P = .02) and to have full protocols (405 studies [86.5%] vs 87 studies [65.9%]; P < .001) and statistical analysis plans (373 studies [79.7%] vs 73 studies [55.3%]; P < .001) available. Almost all nonrandomized industry-funded studies (90 of 92 studies [97.8%]) favored the sponsor. Among industry-funded trials, exclusive industry funding (odds ratio, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.5-5.4) and industry-affiliated authors (odds ratio, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.5-5.6) were associated with favorable conclusions for the sponsor.

Conclusions and Relevance

This cross-sectional study illustrates how industry involvement in the most influential clinical trials was prominent not only for funding, but also authorship and provision of analysts and was associated with conclusions favoring the sponsor. While most influential trials reported that they planned to share data and make both protocols and statistical analysis plans available, raw data and code were rarely readily available.
Preshaped 4D Photocurable Ultratough Organogel Microcoils for Personalized Endovascular Embolization
Authors: Wang Shu , Qiu Ming , Liu Jiancheng , Yin Ting , Wu Chong , Huang Chenyang , Han Jianguo , Cheng Si , Peng Qianbi , Li Ye , Tie Changjun , Wu Xinyu , Du Shiwei , Xu Tiantian
Published: November 2023

Endovascular embolization using microcoils can be an effective technique to treat artery aneurysms. However, microcoils with fixed designs are difficult to adapt to all aneurysm types. In this paper, a photocurable ultratough shape memory organogel with a curing time of only 2 s and megapascal‐level mechanical properties is proposed. Then, it is used to manufacture the personalized 4D microcoil with a wire diameter of only 0.3 mm. The improved mechanical modulus (511.63 MPa) can reduce the possibility of microcoils’ fracture during embolization. Besides, the fast body‐temperature‐triggering shape memory ability makes the 4D microcoil applicable in vivo. These 4D microcoils are finally delivered into the rabbit, and successfully blocked the blood flow inside different aneurysms, with neoendothelial cells and collagen fibers growing on the microcoil surface snugly, indicating full aneurysm recovery. This 4D organogel microcoil can potentially be used in personalized clinical translation on human beings.
Selenophene Substitution Enabled High‐Performance n‐Type Polymeric Mixed Ionic‐Electronic Conductors for Organic Electrochemical Transistors and Glucose Sensors
Authors: Wu Wenchang , Feng Kui , Wang Yimei , Wang Junwei , Huang Enmin , Li Yongchun , Jeong Sang Young , Woo Han Young , Yang Kun , Guo Xugang
Published: November 2023

High‐performance n‐type polymeric mixed ionic‐electronic conductors (PMIECs) are essential for realizing organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs)‐based low‐power complementary circuits and biosensors, but their development still remains a great challenge. Herein, by devising two novel n‐type polymers (f‐BTI2g‐SVSCN and f‐BSeI2g‐SVSCN) containing varying selenophene contents together with their thiophene‐based counterpart as the control, it is demonstrated that gradually increasing selenophene loading in polymer backbones can simultaneously yield lowered lowest unoccupied molecular orbital levels, boosted charge‐transport properties, and improved ion‐uptake capabilities. Therefore, a remarkable volumetric capacitance (C*) of 387.2 F cm−3 and a state‐of‐the‐art OECT electron mobility (µe,OECT) of 0.48 cm2 V−1 s−1 are synchronously achieved for f‐BSeI2g‐SVSCN having the highest selenophene content, yielding an unprecedented geometry‐normalized transconductance (gm,norm) of 71.4 S cm−1 and record figure of merit (µC*) value of 191.2 F cm−1 V−1 s−1 for n‐type OECTs. Thanks to such excellent performance of f‐BSeI2g‐SVSCN‐based OECTs, a glucose sensor with a remarkably low detection limit of 10 nMm and decent selectivity is further implemented, demonstrating the power of selenophene substitution strategy in enabling high‐performance n‐type PMIECs for biosensing applications.