bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vatnahverfi. An inland district of the Eastern Settlement in Greenland
Authors: Vebæk C. L.
Published: October 2024

Vatnahverfi was an inland district of the medieval Norse East Settlement situated in an area between Igaliku Fjord to the north and Agdluitsoq Fjord to the south. The countryside there is beautiful, with many lakes and rivers. and most of the area ha, s rich vegetation with much grass, birch and willow scrub. Vatnahverfi was - and Mill is - an attractive settlement area for sheep farming. and to some extent for agriculture too. In medieval times there was quite a dense population of Norsemen. who settled practically anywhere they could make a living as farmers. with horses, cattle, sheep, goats and pigs. The Norsemen also lived by land and sea hunting and fishing as demonstrated by the archaeological excavations.
Vatnahverfi has been known to scholars for more than two hundred years. and at the end of the nineteenth century G. Holm and D. Bruun carried out topographical-archaeological investigations in the area. But it was not until 1939 that the first extensive excavations took place (Vebæk 1943). The work at Vatnahverfi wa~ interrupted by the War, but in 1948 the so-called ''Mounted Expedition" to Vatnahverfi carried out comprehensive topographical studies in the area. Thanks to some local sheep farmers in particular, a number of previously unkown Norse farms had been registered, and we selected some which looked promising for excavations. These excavations were then carried out in 1949-50, at the localities 0 70 - a smallish.
remote farm in the mountainous part of Vatnahverfi; 0 71 (Russip Kuua). Comprising two separate farms at the eastern end of one of the very large. long lakes in the northern part of Vatnahverfi; and finally 0 167, the biggest farm known in Vatnahverfi so far, situated at a small lake in central Vatnahverfi . The archaeological results must be said to have been good. We made some very important observations as regards the layout of farms and construction of buildings. and found many objects - some of them never encountered before. We also found a large number of animal bones (including skeletal parts of 110 mice trapped in a large wooden barrel). The most remarkable find of all was parts of the skeleton of a Norseman found in the passage of the largest building at 0 167. We must assume that this was the last inhabitant, not only of the farm, but of the whole area, since he had not been buried.
With this publication, I and my colleagues and fellow scholars - the runologist Marie Stoklund. the anthropologists N. Lynnerup. V. Alexandersen and J. P. Hart Hansen. and the zoologist T. H. McGovern - hope to make a contribution to the study of the medieval Norsemen in Greenland.
Mental disorders in Greenland. Past and present
Authors: Lynge Inge
Published: October 2024

There are mental disorders in all societies, but the forms they assume and the courses they take are influenced by living conditions. The modernization of Greenland has had a profound influence on the lives of both individuals and families. The key to the understanding of many present-day phenomena is to be found in the past, or perhaps rather in the way in which traditional and modern ways of life are interwoven. For that reason, the book starts with an account of the traditional Eskimo way of life, the meeting with European culture and the social  developments after the Second World War as seen from a psychiatrist's point of view.
Then follows a descriptive and analytical follow-up study of all Greenlandic patients of 15 and over who were admitted for the first time to a psychiatric hospital or ward between 1980 and 1984. These encompass 289 patients in all, 139 men and 150 women, corresponding to an annual rate of 230 men per I 00,000 and 260 women per 100,000 aged 15 years and above. There were most men in the age group 20-24 years and most women in the age group 25-34 years. The most common causes of admission to hospital were suicidal or violent behaviour. Especially the youngest patients had grown up with problematic backgrounds, and of all age groups were those showing most signs of personality disturbances.
24 men and 13 women were diagnosed as suffering from schizophrenia - an annual rate of 41 men and 22 women per I 00,000 aged 15 years or more. The average age for both sexes was 22. The low age on first admission to hospital and the high ratio of men to women are similar to the situation in developing countries, while the both clinically and socially serious course taken by the condition follows the pattern in industrialized countries.
In a follow-up seven years later, the men had been in hospital for an average of 161 days and the women 98 days. 29 men and 20 women had died by the time of the follow-up study, of these 12 men and four women by suicide. Of those still alive at the time of the follow-up study, a third of the men and a quarter of the women showed no sign of mental illness. 15% of the men and I 0% of the women were chronic patients whose health was seriously undermined. 
19% of the men and 6% of the women were guilty of serious crimes against the person. The forensic problems are dealt with separately.
Pneumatization of the temporal bones and otitis media in ancient and modern Greenlanders
Authors: Homøe Preben
Published: October 2024

Otitis media occurs frequently among modern Greenlanders. However, knowledge of the epidemiology of this disease before the twentieth century is scanty. Information on diseases in the past may give us a better understanding of the health of historical populations. This study presents a new unbiased method for estimating the incidence of infectious middle ear disease (IMED) in childhood. The method is based on the relationship between IMED in childhood and morphological evidence present in the human temporal bones - i.e. small or asymmetrical pneumatized cell areas.
In a standardized X-ray projection, we examined 434 pneumatized cell areas in temporal bones from 34 living adult modern Greenlanders, 56 historical adult Greenland Eskimo crania from the period after the European colonization of Greenland in 1721 AD, and 127 prehistoric adult Greenland Eskimo crania from the period before the colonization. The resulting X-rays of the crania were of high quality and the relationship between IMED in childhood and small or asymmetrical pneumatized cell areas was confirmed in the modern Greenlanders. On this basis a polychotomous logistic regression model was applied to the pneumatized cell areas of the three groups of material. The model allowed for the interdependence of the ears and specified probabilities of having IMED in the right ear, left ear, both ears or of being healthy in both ears.
The frequency of IMED as indicated by the model was 8/34 (23 .5%) in modern Greenlanders, 10/56 (17.9%) in historical Eskimo crania and 6/127 (4.7%) in prehistoric Eskimo crania (p < 0.002). The mean area also differed significantly, as it was smallest in modern Greenlanders. The results thus indicated a change in the frequency of IMED and a decrease in area from historical to present-day Greenland in subjects who survived to adulthood. The change seemed closely related to the European colonization of Greenland. As IMED is closely related to upper respiratory tract infections and to poverty, the method seems well suited for evaluating general health in past societies.
From Middle Ages to Colonial Times. Archaeological and ethnohistorical studies of the Thule culture in South West Greenland 1300–1800 AD
Authors: Gulløv Hans Christian
Published: October 2024

In the following chapters I present the archaeological, the written and the oral sources which form the basis of ethnohistory in South West Greenland. The background to the Thule culture there is then discussed on the basis of the available archaeological source material from Greenland and my choice of source-types is defended. An interpretation of these sources emphasizes the cultural tradition which lies behind the Thule culture in South West Greenland.
Chapter II describes the archaeological investigations in Godthab District and discusses the development of the Greenlandic winter dwelling.
Chapter III describes the archaeological find material from Godthab District and dates this chronologically to the period 1300-1800 AD. The main categories of artefacts are discussed and their significance for the description of the Thule culture is emphasized. I also re-examine whether a cultural continuity can be demonstrated in South West Greenland during the five centuries.
Chapter IV deals with the historical sources and discusses how they corroborate the archaeology. The geography of the settlement pattern is described and the origin of the house types is discussed. The chronology of the artefacts can thereafter be related to the ethnographic descriptions. This is done by examining trade and exchange in South West Greenland. The chapter demonstrates that ethnohistory deepens our interpretation of archaeology.
Chapter V reconstructs the cultural stratigraphy in West Greenland and discusses the cultural background of the Thule culture in South West Greenland on the basis of the occurrence of selected diagnostic types (i.e. soapstone lamps, harpoon heads and Norse objects). I examine whether meetings of cultures could have taken place before the meeting with the Norse community.
Chapter VI establishes a model for the cultural influences on the Thule culture by examining the forms of the harpoon head and its distribution as a territorial marker. This shows how the prehistoric meetings of cultures can be discerned in the Eskimo tradition in South West Greenland after 1600 AD.
Chapter VII discusses tradition in ethnohistory, and the continuity in Thule culture is viewed in relation to theories concerning migration and meeting of cultures in Greenland.
Appendix: Faunal remains at Illorpaat
Authors: Møhl Jeppe
Published: October 2024

The archaeological remains described in this article are from selected Thule culture contexts from the costal site Illorpaat ( Godthab district), on the south side of Hope Island, excavated in 1972 and 1975. In order to obtain the best possible sample of specimens from the site, the excavations also included a substantial area of midden deposits.
Radiocarbon datings of both marine and terrestrial animal bones together with historical sources place the occupations associated with these remains between 1445 and 1800 AD. In all, there are 73,376 bone specimens representing fish, birds and mammals, with harp seal (Phoca groenlandica) and Brilnnich's murre (Uria lomvia) being predominant Illorpaat was likely inhabited year round, with occasional hunting expeditions inland. However, the settlement was situated at the largest "winter openwater area" in Greenland making it a site of paramount importance.
Changes in ratios of seal to bird bones through the midden sequences indicate fluctuations in climate, an inference further supported by tool remains. Furthermore, large samples of faunal refusal provides a general overview of resource use over a time span of nearly four centuries.
A comparative manual of affixes for the Inuit dialects of Greenland, Canada, and Alaska
Authors: Fortescue Michael
Published: October 2024

The information gathered in the present work is aimed at use both by students of the Eskimo languages and by Inuit speakers wishing to comprehend and communicate more directly with speakers of dialects other than their own. Productive affixes for fourteen dialect areas from East Greenland to North Alaska are presented for the first time in one place and in common orthographical form. These morphological elements, often difficult to isolate and subject to continual innovation within individual dialects, represent one of the most problematic areas for mutual comprehension.Particular emphasis has been placed on divergences from Central West Greenlandic in three other cardinal dialects, namely Tarramiut for the eastern Canadian Arctic, Copper for the western Canadian Arctic (where the author carried out field work in the summer of 1980), and North Slope Iriupiaq for Alaska. For each of these dialects comprehensive lists containing morphophonemic information and English glosses are arranged in parallel columns according to twenty-six easily comparable semantic groups. Divergences from the main lists for the remaining ten dialects are presented in alphabetical lists. The introductory sections describe the phonological correspondences between the dialects (plus important grammatical differences) and explain how the book can be used in practical terms. To this end a translation into West Greenlandic is included. Linguistic isogloss maps and examples of usage of affixes with no direct equivalent in West Greenlandic are supplied, as is a short sample text for each dialect treated (with English glosses). Further, there is included an overview of the various orthographic systems to be encountered for material in Canada and Alaska, an essay on successive affix ordering, and, for the sake of comparison, a similarly organized list of affixes for Central Alaskan Yupik.
Kalaallit inngerutaannik nipilersortarnerannillu immikkoortiterineq. Klassifikation af traditionel grønlandsk musik. Classification of traditional Greenland music
Authors: Hauser Michael , Petersen H. C.
Published: October 2024

This classification of traditional Greenland music is based on a copious source material and on the authors' dealing with the subject for many years. The classification includes eleven main groups and their subdivisions into various categories. Ten of the groups deal with traditional Greenland music, and one group concerns acquired Euro-American music. The most religious-ritual groups and categories have been placed first. For each category brief information is given about usage and performance.
The introduction brings a survey of the history of traditional Greenland music, and its past and present importance to the society. An elaborate bibliography has been included. The classification is presented trilingually, in Greenlandic, Danish, and English.
Meteoritic iron, telluric iron and wrought iron in Greenland
Authors: Buchwald Vagn Fabritius , Mosdal Gert
Published: October 2024

Seventyfour iron objects have been randomly selected from the Greenland archaeological material accumulated in Copenhagen since about 1850. The objects comprise knives, ulos and harpoon blades from most of West Greenland but also include several unworked fragments and some "hammerstones". The objects have been subjected to microscopic and X-ray microanalytic studies to determine their origin and mode of fabrication. The objects fall into three distinct groups.
North of the Melville Bugt a majority of the tools have been produced from small fragments of the Cape York iron meteorite shower, that fell near Savigsivik more than 2000 years ago. Some of the meteoritic iron was carried across Smith Sund and as far as Hudson Bay, while transport south along the Greenland coast apparently was more sporadic.
In the Disko Bugt area half of the objects may be traced to the occurrences of basalt with pea-sized iron inclusions, while the other half has been made of wrought iron.
In the south all ten objects were produced from wrought iron. Some of the wrought iron tools originate from Norse settlements and have apparently been carried as far north as 76°-77° by Norse ships as early as the 12th century.
Other wrought iron tools have been introduced by whalers, probably mainly of Dutch, Spanish and British origin, after about 1575 A.D. Some tools may have been manufactured from iron nails, and fittings from wrecked ships. No signs of indigenous iron production have been detected.
Affronter le confinement grâce à la modalisation des défilés deRuPaul’s Drag RacedansAnimal Crossing: New Horizons
Authors: Choquet Elise
Published: October 2024

Le succès instantané que connutAnimal Crossing: New Horizonsau début de la pandémie, en mars 2020, incita plusieurs chercheur⋅se⋅s à se demander dans quelle mesure ce jeu servit, pour certain⋅e⋅s joueur⋅se⋅s, de remède aux désagréments causés par la pandémie, grâce à son environnement et son avatar modulables favorisant notamment la liberté de création, les interactions sociales et l’expression identitaire. Cet article illustre ces diverses fonctions positives jouées parAC:NHdurant la pandémie et les paramètres du jeu qui les rendent possibles à partir d’une étude de cas, soit celle de l’organisation, par un joueur nommé Jou, d’un défilé en hommage à l’émissionRuPaul’s Drag Racesur son île durant le confinement.Cette étude de cas s’appuie sur l’analyse de son récit phénoménologique et l’analyse du matériel produit durant l’évènement à la lumière de la théorie des cadres de Goffman et des théories sur la performance de Goffman et Butler.
Nouvelles plateformes et visibilité : quelques réflexions sur Féminin/Féminin
Authors: Boni Marta
Published: October 2024

L’article décrit quelques-unes des stratégies rhétoriques et des traces de la réception autour de Féminin/Féminin, série dont la première saison est livrée sur le site communautaire Lez Spread the Word (LSTW) et dont la deuxième saison est d’abord pensée pour la télévision linéaire, mais sera diffusée finalement sur la plateforme tou.tv. Cette migration de formes sur de plateformes différentes nous permettra de souligner l’instabilité, l’intermédialité et les contraintes de nouveaux récits télévisuels, notamment en termes du paradoxe entre la représentation de thèmes et identités encore peu présentes au petit écran et la volonté de rejoindre un grand public.
Club Illico à la conquête des ados :L’Académie, La Dérapeet la production de teen series québécoises à l’ère des services de TPC
Authors: Boisvert Stéfany , Gagnon Dominique , Boisvert Théo
Published: October 2024

Cet article se concentre sur les séries originales destinées à un public adolescent conçues pour la plateforme Club Illico de Vidéotron. Pour ce faire, l’article propose une analyse textuelle des séries originalesL’Académie(2017-2020) etLa Dérape(2018-2020), en cherchant plus précisément à mettre en lumière l’orientation discursive et idéologique de ces récits du point de vue du genre. L’analyse montrera comment la volonté de proposer un récit contre-stéréotypé concernant l’adolescence au féminin mène néanmoins à la reproduction d’une structure narrative relativement classique, infléchie idéologiquement par certaines conceptions de la féminité et une survalorisation du relationnel. En distinguant la constructionsyntaxiqueetsémantiquedes séries télévisées, l’analyse permettra donc de mettre en lumière certains enjeux représentationnels des séries pour ados à l’ère de la télévision par contournement.
DAZN, « nouvel écran » du sport télévisé : entre reproduction et innovation
Authors: Lupien Philippe-Antoine , George Éric
Published: October 2024

Jusqu’à tout récemment, le sport semblait peu concerné par les services de télévision non linéaire, entre autres en raison du pouvoir de marché considérable que détiennent les entreprises de télévision sportive traditionnelle. Cela serait toutefois en train de changer, notamment sous l’impulsion d’une plateforme numérique internationale entièrement dédiée au sport, DAZN. Cet article s’intéresse à cette plateforme à partir d’une approche relevant à la fois de l’économie politique de la communication, de manière à analyser les stratégies de l’entreprise, et de la sociosémiotique, afin d’analyser la plateforme elle-même, comme concrétisation de ces stratégies. Entre reproduction et innovation, DAZN marque une nouvelle étape dans les relations entre les organisations sportives et les médias.
Türkiye’de Zeytin Fiyatı ile Zeytin Üretim Alanı ve Üretim Miktarı Arasındaki İlişkinin Toda-Yamamoto Testi ile Belirlenmesi
Authors: Kaplan Kaan , Kızılaslan Halil
Published: October 2024

Dünyada yaklaşık 30 farklı ülkede yetiştirilen zeytin, ülkelerin dış ticaretleri açısından önem arz etmektedir. Bu ticaretin etkileri Akdeniz havzasındaki ülkelerin zeytin üretimini tetiklemektedir. Bu sebeple uluslararası zeytin fiyatları ticarette önemli rol oynamaktadır ve Türkiye zeytin üretiminde bu havzada önemli bir konumdadır. Bu amaçla 1991-2022 yılları arasındaki Türkiye’deki zeytin ürün fiyatı (dolar/ton), zeytin üretim alanı (ha) ve zeytin üretim miktarı (ton) arasındaki ilişkinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada öncelikle serilerin durağanlığının test edilmesi amacıyla birim kök testlerine bakılmış ve serilerin hem düzeyde hem birinci farkta durağan olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Farklı seviyelerde durağanlığın olması sebebiyle uygun yöntem olarak Toda-Yamamoto nedensellik testi belirlenmiştir. Toda-Yamamoto nedensellik testinin yapılabilmesi için uygun VAR modeli Akaike Bilgi Kriteri (AIC) göz önünde bulundurularak oluşturulmuştur. VAR Modeli gecikme uzunluğu Schwarz Bilgi Kriteri (SC) hariç diğer bilgi kriterleri göz önünde bulundurularak 2 gecikme uzunluğu olarak yeniden belirlenmiştir. Modelin geçerliliğini sınamak adına öncelikle AR Karakteristik Polinomlarının ters köklerine bakılmış, daha sonrasında ise LM Otokorelasyon Testi ve White Değişen Varyans Testleri uygulanmıştır. Buna göre oluşturulan VAR Modelinin geçerlilik sınamalarına göre LM Otokorelasyon Test İstatistiği olasılık değeri 0.0829, White Değişen Varyans olasılık değeri ise 0.0035 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Toda-Yamamoto Nedensellik testi sonuçlarına göre ise ürün fiyatı ile üretim alanı arasındaki wald test 10.29723, olasılık değeri 0.0162 olarak tespit edilmiş, üretim fiyatı ile ekili alan arasındaki wald test 10.69738 ve olasılık değeri 0.0135 olarak bulunmuştur. Tüm sonuçlara göre zeytin ürün fiyatı (dolar/ton) ile zeytin üretim alanı (ha) ve zeytin üretim miktarı (ton) arasında bir nedensellik ilişkisinden söz edilmektedir.
Reforming the justice process as a basis for combating corruption
Authors: Madatov Oleg Yakovlevich
Published: October 2024

Despite the ongoing measures to combat corruption in the judicial system of the Russian Federation, there remain cases when the presiding judge in a case is guided not by the norms of laws, but by personal and other material interests, which necessitates a change in the approach to identify, eliminate the causes, prevent, disclose, investigate corruption offenses, minimize and eliminate such offenses. The subject of the study is the norms of constitutional, civil and administrative law, other normative legal and judicial acts defining the procedural provisions of ongoing trials in the Russian Federation. The purpose of the research is to study the existing measures to combat corruption in the judicial system, as well as to develop proposals aimed at identifying and suppressing them. In the course of the research, the following methods were used: dialectical, logical, systemic, functional, formal-legal, comparative-legal research methods. The study analyzes the main legislative provisions related to combating corruption, as well as procedural norms of the law of judicial processes. The novelty of the research is the consideration of judicial instances as a single entity, where judges are divided not by specific courts where they carry out their official activities, but by internal conviction, and judges are united depending on the judicial instance. At the same time, the concealment of information about the judges themselves and the introduction of certain prohibitions on establishing their identity by the participants in the process will not only reduce the dependence of judges on the participants in the process, but also increase their personal security and reduce corruption. The analysis of the conducted research allowed us to establish that currently in the Russian Federation there are cases of corruption in the judicial system, where one of the main directions is the imposition of an illegal and unjustified court order, and in some cases the acquittal of a person who committed a crime. In this regard, it is proposed to reform the process of justice, which is based on the concealment of information about the identity of the presiding judges.
The reaction of London newspapers to the proclamation of the Monroe doctrine
Authors: Evloeva Rada Dzaurievna
Published: October 2024

The presented article analyzes the reaction of the British press to the proclamation of the Monroe Doctrine by the American president in 1823. The reaction of leading London periodicals such as The Examiner, The Monthly Magazine, The London Magazine and The Morning Post is considered. The author describes in detail the diversity of opinions: from support for Republican ideals and their contrast with the monarchical aspects of the policy of the Holy Alliance to expressing concerns about the negative impact of the doctrine on Britain's trade and economic interests in Latin America. The author concludes that the London newspapers have a balanced, albeit emotional assessment of the influence of the Monroe Doctrine on international relations and the specific interests of Great Britain. The article focuses on the period of the 1820s and the British reaction to American foreign policy activity, neglecting to consider the British position in the context of the War of Independence of the Spanish colonies of 1808-1819. In the study of newspaper materials by domestic and foreign scientists, general philosophical (deduction and induction, systematic approach, synergetic approach, etc.), general scientific (observation, comparative method, etc.) and private scientific methods specific to a particular field of knowledge. The Monroe Doctrine provides a rare example of a 200-year-old speech that remains the subject of regular references when discussing the current international political agenda to this day. The article examines the reaction to the Monroe Doctrine, which is one of the fundamental documents of American public policy, which became one of the first steps for the formation of American strategic culture in its current state. The relevance of the article is based on the need for a comprehensive study of the reports of the leading London press to identify their impact on international relations and the specific interests of the United Kingdom. Despite the fact that the Monroe Doctrine has been around for two hundred years, it does not lose its relevance in relation to Latin American states with the United States, and, more importantly, in relation to the United States, with other actors in world politics.
Issues of the functioning of soviet industrial cooperation in the restoration of the Bryansk region (1943–1945)
Authors: Khusnulin Artur Ravilevich
Published: October 2024

This study is devoted to industrial cooperation in the Bryansk region in the context of the restoration of this region after the Nazi occupation. Based on archival materials presented by the records of cooperative industry officials of the Bryansk region directly and their capital authorities, as well as reporting data from industrial cooperation and the State Planning Committee of the RSFSR from the funds of two federal and one regional archives, an attempt is being made to restore the history of industrial cooperation in the Bryansk region, highlighting features of the functioning of this system in the economy of the USSR using the example of a specific liberated subject of the Russian Federation. The article is based on a descriptive method using technology geographic information systems in the QGIS program. The author states the presence of serious obstacles in the work of Soviet industrial cooperation associated with the low material and technical equipment of industrial cooperative artels, as well as the complexity of the planned tasks assigned to them, but at the same time concludes that there is a certain limit of trust on the part of the state in terms of attitude towards the cooperative industry, which was expressed in the release of industrial cooperation with more serious plans compared to the main competitors of industrial cooperation in the form of local industry. Despite the low labor productivity, cooperators demonstrated high survival rate due to the combination of the active use of state resources, which provided all possible assistance to artels and the trade unions that form them, and the use of their own potential, expressed in the form of the possibility of simplified organization of production and investment long-term lending of intra-cooperative origin.
“Party principles” in the views of Grigory Evseevich Zinoviev
Authors: Sinin Evgenii Iurevich
Published: October 2024

The subject of the article is the views of one of the founders of the Soviet state and the Bolshevik party, G. E. Zinoviev (1883-1936), on the essence and functions of the communist party. This topic is analyzed through the prism of the political biography of the hero, which determined the emphasis placed on the following three points: 1) understanding of the Communist Party, 2) the place of the Party in the Soviet political system, 3) the boundaries of intra-party pluralism. The sources for the analysis are the texts of books, speeches, articles, drafts, brochures and statements of G. E. Zinoviev. In addition to the specified range of sources, the presented work is based on the existing historiography about G. E. Zinoviev (the works of Yu. N. Zhukov, S. S. Voitikov, V. N. Samokhodkin, E. D. Fliginskaya and other researchers). In his work, the author used a materialistic concept (in particular, historical determinism), as well as historical-genetic and historical-typological methods. It is established that Grigory Evseevich Zinoviev had his own formal views on the essence and functions of the Communist Party, which followed the general course of Bolshevism, but also had their own characteristics. Zinoviev's definition of the Communist Party boiled down to recognizing it as the only vanguard and political organization of the proletariat, and the possibility of the existence of only one Communist Party was emphasized, and within this Communist Party the impossibility of forming internal factions was postulated. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that it systematizes the views of such a major Bolshevik and Soviet figure as G. E. Zinoviev on the role and functions of the Communist Party, as well as their inclusion in the history of Marxist and Bolshevik political thought.
On the issue of determining the actual tax liabilities in transactions with "high tech" companies
Authors: Tipikina Valeriya Alekseevna , Bondarev Maksim Aleksandrovich
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the issues of improving the methodology for determining valid tax liabilities (BOTTOM) in transactions with "high tech" companies. It is noted that due to the increase in the number of "high tech" companies, the question arises not only of the control of their chain of exchange of goods/works/services, but also of determining the rules for calculating the taxes. In this regard, the aim of the article is to develop a methodology for determining the tax liabilities when identifying transactions carried out with "high tech" companies based on an analysis of existing judicial practice. The object of scientific work is a set of socio-economic relations that arise in the process of determining the BOTTOM. The subject of the study is the methodology for determining the actual tax liabilities (BOTTOM) in transactions with "high tech" companies. The research methodology is based on the use of tools and methods for the analysis and synthesis of judicial practice, tabular and graphical methods of data visualization. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the adaptation of the general conceptual methodology for determining the actual tax obligations of Tikhonova A.V. in relation to such a type of tax schemes as a transaction with high tech companies. In the end of the article, transactions with "high tech" companies were classified, the basic method of calculating the BOTTOM for each of the types of transactions considered was determined, the main risk markers of tax evasion schemes in transactions with "high tech" companies were identified, and measures of the tax authority to prove the fact of participation of a "high tech" organization in the transaction were formulated. Thus, the article has meaningful practical significance and will be useful to a wide range of specialists from both tax authorities and consulting organizations.
Regional features of the manifestation of demographic threats in terms of characteristics of marriage, motherhood and childhood
Authors: Apal'kova Tamara Gennadievna , Levchenko Kirill Gennadievich , Lipagina Larisa Vladimirovna
Published: October 2024

The subject of the research is the regional characteristics of demographic indicators of marriage, motherhood and childhood, their relationship with the indicator of natural growth. At the same time, the natural decline of the population is considered as one of the key threats to the demographic and, consequently, national security of the population of the Russian Federation, since it entails a number of economic and geopolitical risks. The variability of indicators of marriage, motherhood and childhood is considered in the study as a possible source of variability in natural growth. Therefore, the regional peculiarities of the numerical characteristics of each of these features are analyzed in detail. Special attention is paid to regions showing abnormal values. In addition, the nature of the influence of individual indicators of marriage, motherhood and childhood on the natural growth rate has been studied in order to identify key factors determining the variability of the latter. The paper uses methods of exploratory data analysis: elements of descriptive statistics and diagrams to demonstrate trends . The closeness of the relationship between the indicators of the natural growth coefficient and the indicators of marriage, motherhood and childhood is also determined and a model of linear regression of the natural growth coefficient on the total fertility rate is constructed. The authors' contribution to the development of the topic is that, despite the simplicity of the stated methods, the study allowed us to identify regions with specific features in one or more indicators of marriage, motherhood, childhood, as well as natural growth. Further study of the features of regional demographic policy, the state of health, and cultural characteristics of the selected regions will allow us to borrow positive experience and correct negative trends, which should lead to a decrease in the factors determining the depopulation of the Russian population in terms of marriage, motherhood and childhood. The regression model allowed us to conclude that measures are needed to increase the total fertility rate, since, among the factors considered, the natural growth rate turned out to be the most sensitive to this trait, which simultaneously characterizes the propensity of women to motherhood and the intensity of fertility
Pedagogical education of parents in the USSR (ser. 1950s - 1980s): author's approaches and party work
Authors: Chik Sergey
Published: October 2024

The subject of the research is the study of the pedagogical education of parents in the USSR (ser. 1950s – 1980s). It is argued that the author's approaches and party work coexisted in the pedagogical education of parents. The author's approaches were based on a humanistic attitude towards parents and partial independence from the state and ideology. Party work with parents was dictated by the state and determined by communist ideology. Historical and pedagogical analysis makes it possible to detect positive and negative moments of the past, to identify significant aspects for modern practices. The author's approaches and party work are analyzed in detail. The author's works are represented by the activities of the parent university at Moscow State University (V.N. Ivanov, D.B. Elkonin, N.F. Talyzina and others), the works of L.V. Pisareva, V.A. Sukhomlinsky, S.A. Amonashvili, B.P. and L.A. Nikitins, S.L. Soloveitchik, V.E. Khrapov. Party work includes: staff training at Parents' universities, the main areas of work (the parents' committee at school and the council for family and school assistance at work). The main research methods are the study and analysis of normative legal acts in the field of education, upbringing, development of family relations, the works of teachers, psychologists, the magazine for parents "Family and School". The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the holistic practices of educating parents in the USSR are described. The liberalization of all aspects of the country's life has raised hopes, including for improving the life of the family. The pedagogical education of parents was seen as a solution to the problems of family problems. Author's approaches to educating parents appeared, while party work with parents developed at the same time. It is shown that the author's approaches address various aspects of education related to the needs and interests of parents; that the party work was conducted centrally and ignored the opinion of parents. It was characterized by formalism, boredom, petty control, alienation of parents from the education system, and devaluation of author's approaches. The professional activity of teachers was replaced by public influence, family assistance and understanding of the causes of problematic behavior of parents – public condemnation, repressive measures against parents and children.
Vectors of development of educational activities in general education institutions on the example of the Nizhny Novgorod region
Authors: Glebova Lyubov' Nikolaevna
Published: October 2024

The article considers a modern approach to the organization of educational activities in educational institutions on the example of the organization of such activities in the Nizhny Novgorod region of the Volga region. A feature of the modern education system is a high level of sensitivity to changes in the educational process: the content, forms and methods, assessing the relevance of events, responding to what is happening in the experience of actions, the evolution of teaching teams, those communities that deal with children outside school, are engaged in achieving effective educational activities. The urgency of the problem is associated with significant changes in the activities of all specialists and employees of educational institutions in Russia who participate in the educational process in one way or another. There is an urgent demand in Russian educational institutions for competent personnel in the field of education of the younger generation, which is due to the request of the state, becomes a prerequisite and one of the criteria for the effectiveness of the educational organization. The experience of training the personnel potential of the Nizhny Novgorod region (Volga Federal District, Russia) confirms the expediency of creating platforms for the exchange of experience in different areas where educational work programs are successfully implemented in the format of project educational intensive courses for specialists in the field of education and the organization of forum platforms for advisers to the director of education, classroom teachers, heads of children's public organizations and specialists of educational authorities in charge of education issues in the educational space of the Nizhny Novgorod region. The experience of training the personnel potential of the Nizhny Novgorod region (Volga Federal District, Russia) confirms the expediency of creating platforms for the exchange of experience in different areas, where educational work programs are successfully implemented in the format of project educational intensive courses for specialists in the field of education and the organization of forum sites for advisers to the director of education, classroom teachers, heads of children's public organizations and management specialists educational institutions responsible for issues of education in the educational space of the Nizhny Novgorod region.
Peculiarities of Adverb Placement in English Sentences (exemplified by the adverb "fairly")
Authors: Popova Ekaterina Andreevna
Published: October 2024

The article deals with the problem of adverb placement in English sentences. The paper aims at studying the main tendencies and patterns which influence the choice of the syntactic position of adverbs in English. Special attention is paid to the correlation between the semantic and syntactic features of adverbs. The article also describes possible syntactic positions of adverbs belonging to different semantic classes and the factors which determine the change of the place of the adverb in the sentence. The paper also considers the peculiarities of functioning of adverbs in the sentence based on the analysis of the adverb "fairly". The material for study includes contexts of use of the adverb "fairly" taken from the British National Corpus (BNC). The research uses the following methods: descriptive and statistical methods, methods of contextual analysis and syntactic analysis. The relevance of the subject of the research is due to the fact that in modern English adverbs are characterized by a high level of variability in syntactic placement, and even adverbs belonging to the same semantic class may have different syntactic properties. The analysis showed that "fairly" can be used as an intensifying adverb, an emphasizer, an adverb of manner, an evaluation adverb; in a number of cases it can also acquire additional modal meanings or serve as a speech act-related adverb. Each meaning of the adverb is characterised by its specific variants of syntactic positioning: before the word it modifies, in medial position, in end position and as a parenthetic word detached from the rest of the sentence. The results of the research show the necessity to study the syntactic properties of adverbs in more detail and to clarify their existing dictionary definitions.
Baritone art of the early 19th century: roles and performance traditions
Authors: Zhang Yixiang , Reshetnikova Svetlana Vladimirovna
Published: October 2024

The subject of this study is the opera art of the early 19th century. The object of the study is the work of the first operatic baritones of that period. The period of the era of early romanticism is covered in the works of Russian and foreign musicologists O.V. Zhestkova, L.A. Sadykova, A.V. Denisova, I.P. Drach, A.E. Hoffmann, E.R. Simonova, S.V. Reshetnikova, A. Jacobshagen, D. Marek, J. Potter, J. Stark, S. Caruselli, J. Riggs, J. Rosselli and many others. However, the above-mentioned works are mainly devoted to the study of operatic performance by tenors and sopranos. The issues of the formation of performing traditions and the roles of baritones of the early 19th century were not considered in them. Thus, the period of origin of this voice type has remained poorly studied, which indicates the novelty of this research. The relevance of the study is due to the interest of modern performers in the repertoire of the first baritones, including Antonio Tamburini, Luigi Zamboni and others. And also the lack of knowledge of the evolutionary processes that occurred in baritone art at the beginning of the 19th century. In this work, historical and theoretical research methods predominate. The conclusions of this study are as follows: the work of the first baritones of the early 19th century is characterized, the main aspects of their performing creativity are identified and the roles in which they performed are indicated.
Chinese autobiographical documentaries: toward an ethics of filming
Authors: Bai Duo
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to autobiographical documentaries on the topic of self-therapy, which have been popular in China in the last three years. Using the example of the films "Small Talk" and "Gather before the Jump", the article analyzes how the characters in films with the help of dialogues build their image as "victims of family relations" and completing the plot of self-healing. The author notes that the directors of such films are often too immersed in their own traumatic experiences, to the point that they use the camera as a tool to defend their personal position, and not as a path to self-awareness. They overlook the influence of the passage of time on the validity of traumatic memories and do not monitor equality when communicating with their parents. As a result of the directors' cognitive biases, the representation of traumatic experiences in films is not completely objective. Based on the theory of cognitive psychology and the theory of film psychoanalysis, the author of the article concludes that the discussion of the author's subjectivity should be extended to the subjectivity of his cognitive structure, and not to the personalization of artistic expression. The hypothesis of the study is the assumption that, although such documentaries with a subjective perspective can help the director express his inner feelings, in fact, the arguments given in the author in defense of his personal position. This does not create a general picture of the event; for example, during a film screening in a group, the subjective position of the author forms a unanimous negative attitude among the audience towards the issue of childhood trauma. The article discusses performance, subjectivity and ethical issues that take place in such films. The purpose of the article is to identify the features of this "video practice, which is part of the sphere of everyday life", which distinguish it from other non—functional narrative practices. The article reveals the methods of documentary film, which allow to bridge the gap between the representation of the film and the actual reality.
Sensorial and Sonic Aspects in the Writings of the “English-American” Thomas Gage (c. 1603–1656) on Mexico and Guatemala
Authors: Irving David R. M.
Published: October 2024

Objective/Context: This article examines dimensions of sensoriality within the writings of Thomas Gage (c. 1603–1656) regarding his experiences as a Dominican friar in Mexico and Guatemala between 1625 and 1637. His 1648 travelogue, The English-American His Travail by Sea and Land, is the first detailed eyewitness report of daily life in the Spanish colonies by an English writer. Yet this work and his other writings were published after he converted to Protestantism and formed an explicit part of anti-Catholic discourse in England. Methodology: Written from a historical-musicological perspective, this study is informed by the approaches of sensory history to identify and critique the sonic episodes and metaphors in Gage’s texts. It critically analyzes his travelogue and investigates how his accounts of musical, gastronomic, and religious experiences underpinned and influenced his political and theological views. To draw out his unique perspectives on music, it also considers soundscapes and the material and cultural dimensions in his descriptions. Originality: Recent scholarship has shown how Gage’s transnational and transconfessional identities did not fit traditional frameworks of analysis and limited scholarly attention to him. Lately, however, researchers have highlighted his mention of the senses. This article focuses specifically on hearing to show that his writings contain unique viewpoints and data on music and sound. Conclusions: Assessment of Thomas Gage within the frameworks of musicology and sensory history demonstrates that he invoked the senses in seemingly unique ways, especially by conflating their physical and metaphysical dimensions when critiquing Catholic practices in colonial contexts.