bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análisis tipológico de bloques lineales de vivienda social: España 1950-1983. El caso de Andalucía occidental
Authors: Guajardo A.
Published: April 2017

La regeneración de los grandes conjuntos de vivienda social construidos en las décadas de 1950, 1960 y 1970 se ha convertido en uno de los grandes retos que la ciudad tendrá que afrontar en los próximos años. Una de las causas de su obsolescencia es la inadecuada adaptación de sus tipologías de vivienda a los requisitos y expectativas de la sociedad contemporánea. El objetivo principal de este estudio es avanzar en el conocimiento de estas tipologías para poder intervenir eficazmente sobre ellas. Con este propósito se han analizado 42 bloques lineales proyectados entre 1950 y 1983 en Andalucía occidental. El estudio incluye tres fases de análisis: 1) clasificación de las viviendas en grupos reconocibles; 2) identificación de las distribuciones más utilizadas, y 3) análisis de sus características dimensionales y programáticas básicas. Todo esto permite establecer una caracterización de la vivienda social en bloque lineal que puede servir de referencia para futuras intervenciones de regeneración.
Les études photographiques d’après nature : un laboratoire esthétique au xixe siècle
Authors: Font-Réaulx Dominique de
Published: April 2017

Réalisées pour les artistes et les amateurs, les études photographiques d’après nature ont fait l’objet, depuis une trentaine d’années, d’analyses renouvelées portant sur leur lien avec la peinture et le dessin de leur temps. Les nombreuses expositions et publications ont ainsi permis de renouveler, pour partie, le lien entre peinture et photographie. Cet article propose d’analyser ces études d’un point de vue de la génétique de leur propre création, offrant ainsi de retracer la conception des images elles-mêmes, en considérant la création picturale pour laquelle elles ont été utilisées non comme fin seulement, mais également comme source, comme intention première, comme ébauche. Une analyse génétique d’images, longtemps considérées comme produits mécaniques, devient alors pleinement possible ; au-delà de la représentation, c’est l’objet photographique, l’épreuve particulière utilisée spécifiquement qui pourra également faire l’objet de recherches futures.
La mise en abyme dans Le Tunnel d’Ernesto Sábato
Authors: Tuan Daniele
Published: April 2017

Depuis l’antiquité, peinture et écriture sont considérées comme deux formes expressives antithétiques : l’une vouée à la spatialité, l’autre à la temporalité. Néanmoins, la peinture occupe une place considérable dans la littérature. Avec cet article, et dans une perspective comparatiste, nous nous proposons alors d’étudier la frontière entre écriture et peinture, à partir du rôle du détail pictural et du rôle de la mise en abyme dans le roman Le Tunnel de l’écrivain argentin Ernesto Sábato.
L’écriture poétique dans les années 1960-1970 en Espagne : le blocage de la lecture comme refuge de la voix
Authors: Lavergne Lucie
Published: April 2017

En réponse à la crise sociale et politique qui survient dans l’Espagne des dernières années du Franquisme, une crise littéraire provoque la remise en cause du rapport du langage au réel. La poésie langagière des Novísimos et la poésie expérimentale et visuelle proposent deux réponses à cette crise, l’une langagière, l’autre anti-langagière, qui coïncident autour de la notion d’illisibilité. D’abord, les productions poétiques des Novísimos complexifient le langage au point de le rendre illisible : destruction des normes typographiques, réduction de la syntaxe à l’énumération chaotique, introduction de termes en langues étrangères, voire invention de formules ne renvoyant à aucun code linguistique. Cette difficulté langagière est le refuge du sujet qui fuit l’uniformisation de la langue. Le sens est indécidable car le discours perd sa cohérence. Sa fragmentation, ses ellipses, changements de focalisation, collages, dissolvent la cohérence de la voix-je. En retour, celle-ci s’énonce, en poésie langagière comme en poésie expérimentale, par un travail de la verticalité et de la visibilité. Celle-ci, si elle est par définition illisible, s’avère un refuge de la voix poétique face aux discours autoritaires. L’usage de la rature, qui figure la censure, reflète, en provoquant l’impossibilité de lire, l’interdiction de dire dans l’Espagne de la dictature. L’illisible constitue donc une modalité d’expression de la voix poétique.
Ecouter – voir – sentir – lire Katalin Molnár et Raymond Federman : le corps à l’épreuve
Authors: Murphy Amanda
Published: April 2017

Le présent article examine les diverses façons dont peut être appréhendé ce qui semble a priori illisible, voire revendique sa propre illisibilité, comme il est le cas des œuvres des écrivains bilingues Raymond Federman et Katalin Molnár. Plus qu’exiger l’assiduité ou l’acquisition de connaissances qui permettraient de surmonter la « difficulté », ces œuvres nous invitent à nous arrêter et à réapprendre à lire autrement : avec le corps. Dans une relation de tension entre distance et proximité (inclusion et exclusion), les œuvres maintiennent le lecteur dans un espace intermédiaire, parfois incommode à naviguer, mais qui constitue la seule voie permettant non pas de lire, mais d’expérimenter l’oralité, et avec elle, les enjeux mémoriels des œuvres.
Surrendering to the foreignness in Alexandre Vialatte’s Battling le ténébreux
Authors: Egan  Frances
Published: April 2017

Alexandre Vialatte’s Battling le ténébreux occupies a strange space between worlds and between languages. His background as a writer-translator imbues the text with a foreignness so that it sits between French and German traditions, and his characters, unable or not-wanting to fit in or understand their world, depict their otherness with foreign and otherworldly art. I present the rich and strange in-between space that the text and its characters inhabit as the source of its wonder, that threshold of the legible. Representative of the novel as a whole, the title “battling le ténébreux” is obscure but brilliant ; the language switch destabilises and enriches. Following this title across languages and literatures, through the intertextual trope of the beau ténébreux, through the romantic despair and the battle against melancholy, the foreign shows itself not as a veil to be lifted but as a materiality in the darkness. In this paper, I explore a foreignness of language as a means of depicting and revealing that inescapable multiplicity and uncertainty.
Impairments in Quality of Life and Cognitive Functions in Long-term Survivors of Glioblastoma
Authors: Solanki Chirag , Sadana Divya , Arimappamagan Arivazhagan , Rao K. V. L. N. , Rajeswaran Jamuna , Subbakrishna D. K. , Santosh Vani , Pandey Paritosh
Published: April 2017

Background: The incidence of long-term survival in glioblastoma (GBM), i.e., >3 years, ranges from 3% to 5%. Although extensive research is performed in novel therapies for prolonging survival, there is a scarcity of research focusing on the impact of tumor and treatment on cognitive, psychological, and social status of survivors. This study is an attempt to look into this poorly addressed important issue. Materials and Methods: Nine patients (six adults and three children) with GBM who had survived >3 years were included in the study. The quality of life (QOL) functions were assessed with the World Health Organization QOL Questionnaire BREF questionnaire. The neuropsychological assessment was done using the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences neuropsychology battery for adults and children. The scores were compared with normative data. Results: The physical and psychological health-related QOL of long-term GBM survivors were affected considerably due to fatigue, poor quality of sleep, inability to concentrate, presence of depression, financial burden with impaired personal and social relationships (P < 0.05). Different domains of cognitions such as motor speed (P = 0.0173), mental speed (P = 0.0022), sustained attention (P = 0.0001), long-term memory (P = 0.0431), mental flexibility (P < 0.05), and planning and executive functions (P < 0.05) were significantly impaired affecting personal, social, and professional lives. Conclusion: The health-related QOL and cognition are significantly impaired in GBM long-term survivors. As the incidence of long-term survival is very less, there is a need for larger multicenter studies to come up with definitive results, which in turn can help in formatting the rehabilitative and support programs for these patients.
Prevalence of Cerebral Microbleeds in Thai Patients with Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Potigumjon Artit , Watcharakorn Arvemas , Dharmasaroja Pornpatr A.
Published: April 2017

Background: With the widespread use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are commonly detected. Ethnicity seems to play a role in the prevalence of CMB, with higher prevalence in participants from Asian origin. The purpose of the study is to look for the prevalence of CMBs and associated factors in Thai patients with ischemic stroke. Methods: Patients with acute ischemic stroke who had MRI and magnetic resonance angiography during January–August 2014 were included in the study. T2*-weighted gradient-recalled echo was used to define CMBs. Baseline characteristics, stroke subtypes, and severity of white matter lesions were compared between patients with and without CMBs. Results: Two hundred patients were included in the study. Mean age of the patients was 61-year-old. Mean National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale was 8. The prevalence of CMBs was 20% (39/200 patients). Hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 3.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07–8.68, P = 0.037), and moderate-to-severe white matter lesions (Fazekas 2–3, OR 7.61, 95% CI 3.06–18.95, P < 0.001) were related to the presence of CMBs. Conclusions: CMBs were found in 20% of patients with ischemic stroke, which was lower than those reported from Japanese studies but comparable to a Chinese study. CMBs were associated with hypertension and severity of the white matter lesions.
Psychiatric Presentations Heralding Hashimoto’s Encephalopathy: A Systematic Review and Analysis of Cases Reported in Literature
Authors: Menon Vikas , Subramanian Karthick , Thamizh Jaiganesh Selvapandian
Published: April 2017

Hashimoto’s encephalopathy (HE) may often present initially with psychiatric symptoms. These presentations are often variable in clinical aspects, and there has been no systematic analysis of the numerous psychiatric presentations heralding an eventual diagnosis of HE which will guide clinicians to make a correct diagnosis of HE. This systematic review was done to analyze the demographic characteristics, symptom typology, and clinical and treatment variables associated with such forerunner presentations. Electronic databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases were searched to identify potential case reports that described initial psychiatric presentations of HE in English language peer-reviewed journals. The generated articles were evaluated and relevant data were extracted using a structured tool. We identified a total of forty articles that described 46 cases. More than half of the total samples (54.4%) were above the age of 50 years at presentation. The most common psychiatric diagnosis heralding HE was acute psychosis (26.1%) followed by depressive disorders (23.9%). Dementia (10.9%) and schizophrenia (2.2%) were uncommon presentations. Antithyroid peroxidase antibodies were elevated in all patients but not antithyroglobulin antibodies. Preexisting hypothyroidism was absent in majority of cases (60.9%). Steroid doses initiated were 500–1000 mg of intravenous methylprednisolone for majority (52.1%) of patients while oral steroid maintenance was required for a significant minority (39.1%). Psychiatric manifestations of HE may be heterogeneous and require a high index of clinical suspicion, especially in older adults. A range of clinical and treatment variables may assist clinicians in making a faster diagnosis and instituting prompt and effective management.
Minimally Invasive versus Open Spine Surgery: What Does the Best Evidence Tell Us?
Authors: McClelland Shearwood , Goldstein Jeffrey A.
Published: April 2017

Background: Spine surgery has been transformed significantly by the growth of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) procedures. Easily marketable to patients as less invasive with smaller incisions, MIS is often perceived as superior to traditional open spine surgery. The highest quality evidence comparing MIS with open spine surgery was examined. Methods: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving MIS versus open spine surgery was performed using the Entrez gateway of the PubMed database for articles published in English up to December 28, 2015. RCTs and systematic reviews of RCTs of MIS versus open spine surgery were evaluated for three particular entities: Cervical disc herniation, lumbar disc herniation, and posterior lumbar fusion. Results: A total of 17 RCTs were identified, along with six systematic reviews. For cervical disc herniation, MIS provided no difference in overall function, arm pain relief, or long-term neck pain. In lumbar disc herniation, MIS was inferior in providing leg/low back pain relief, rehospitalization rates, quality of life improvement, and exposed the surgeon to >10 times more radiation in return for shorter hospital stay and less surgical site infection. In posterior lumbar fusion, MIS transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) had significantly reduced 2-year societal cost, fewer medical complications, reduced time to return to work, and improved short-term Oswestry Disability Index scores at the cost of higher revision rates, higher readmission rates, and more than twice the amount of intraoperative fluoroscopy. Conclusion: The highest levels of evidence do not support MIS over open surgery for cervical or lumbar disc herniation. However, MIS TLIF demonstrates advantages along with higher revision/readmission rates. Regardless of patient indication, MIS exposes the surgeon to significantly more radiation; it is unclear how this impacts patients. These results should optimize informed decision-making regarding MIS versus open spine surgery, particularly in the current advertising climate greatly favoring MIS.
A tandem approach for collocated in-situ measurements of microphysical and radiative cirrus properties
Authors: Klingebiel Marcus , Ehrlich André , Finger Fanny , Röschenthaler Timo , Jakirlić Suad , Voigt Matthias , Müller Stefan , Maser Rolf , Wendisch Manfred , Hoor Peter , Spichtinger Peter , Borrmann Stephan
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Microphysical and radiation measurements were collected with the unique AIRcraft TOwed Sensor Shuttle (AIRTOSS) – Learjet tandem platform. It is a combination of a Learjet 35A research aircraft and an instrumented aerodynamic body, which can be detached from and retracted back to the aircraft during flight. Both platforms are equipped with radiative, cloud microphysical, trace gas (CO, N2O, O3 and H2O) and meteorological instruments to study the inhomogeneity of cirrus as well as other layer clouds. Sophisticated numerical flow simulations were conducted in advance in order to optimally integrate a Cloud Combination Probe (CCP) inside the AIRTOSS. The tandem platform was used for the first time at altitudes up to 36 000 ft (10 970 m) during the AIRTOSS – Inhomogeneous Cirrus Experiment (AIRTOSS-ICE). AIRTOSS is connected to the aircraft by a steel wire with a length of 4000 m. Ten flights were performed above the North Sea and Baltic Sea to probe frontal cirrus, in-situ formed cirrus, and anvil outflow cirrus. The cirrus microphysical and radiative properties displayed significant inhomogeneities resolved by both measurement platforms. Data collected with the CCP show that the maximum of the observed particle number size distribu- tions shifts with increasing altitude from 300 μm to 30  μm, which is typical for frontal, midlatitude cirrus. Theoretical considerations imply that cloud particle aggregation inside the studied cirrus is very unlikely. Consequently, diffusional growth was identified to be the dominant microphysical process. Measurements of solar downward irradiance at 670 nm wavelength on the Learjet and the sensor shuttle indicate a significant horizontal heterogeneity of the observed thin cirrus. Making use of the collocated irradiance measurements of the tandem platform, vertically resolved solar heating rates were derived. They varied by up to 6 K day−1 in and above the cirrus layer.
No impact of tropospheric ozone on the gross primary productivity of a Belgian pine forest
Authors: Verryckt Lore T. , Op de Beeck Maarten , Neirynck Johan , Gielen Bert , Roland Marilyn , Janssens Ivan A.
Published: April 2017

Abstract. High stomatal ozone (O3) uptake has been shown to negatively affect crop yields and the growth of tree seedlings. However, little is known about the effect of O3 on the carbon uptake by mature forest trees. This study investigated the effect of high O3 events on gross primary productivity (GPP) for a Scots pine stand near Antwerp, Belgium over the period 1998–2013. Stomatal O3 fluxes were modelled using in situ O3 mixing ratio measurements and a multiplicative stomatal model, which was parameterised and validated for this Scots pine stand. Ozone-induced GPP reduction is most likely to occur during or shortly after days with high stomatal O3 uptake. Therefore, a GPP model within an artificial neural network was parameterised for days with low stomatal O3 uptake rates and used to simulate GPP during periods of high stomatal O3 uptake. Possible negative effects of high stomatal O3 uptake on GPP would then result in an overestimation of GPP by the model during or after high stomatal O3 uptake events. The O3 effects on GPP were linked to AOT40 and POD1. Although the critical levels for both indices were exceeded in every single year, no significant negative effects of O3 on GPP were found, and no correlations between GPP residuals and AOT40 and POD1 were found. Overall, we conclude that no O3 effects were detected on the carbon uptake by this Scots pine stand.
The dynamics and export of dissolved organic carbon from subtropical
small mountainous rivers during typhoon and non-typhoon periods
Authors: Lee Tsung-Yu , Lee Li-Chin , Huang Jr-Chuan , Jien Shih-Hao , Hein Thomas , Zehetner Franz , Kao Shuh-Ji , Shiah Fuh-Kwo
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Small mountainous rivers (SMRs) are important conveyors of the land-to-ocean organic carbon export. However, relatively few studies have focused on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) compared to particulate organic carbon. In a long-term project (2002 to 2014), stream DOC was monitored in three neighboring subtropical small mountainous rivers of Taiwan. The objective was to relate DOC concentrations to water discharge and to quantify DOC flux during typhoon and non-typhoon periods. Seasonal fluctuations of DOC concentrations were closely correlated with air temperature at all sampling stations. During non-typhoon periods, increasing water discharge led to decreasing DOC concentrations due to a dilution effect. However, during typhoon periods, DOC concentrations increased with some lead time along the hydrograph and reached the annual maximum which likely sources from a significant input of litter and upper soil layers. The mean DOC concentration of the studied systems (
Development of BFMCOUPLER (v1.0), the coupling scheme that links the MITgcm and BFM models for ocean biogeochemistry simulations
Authors: Cossarini Gianpiero , Querin Stefano , Solidoro Cosimo , Sannino Gianmaria , Lazzari Paolo , Di Biagio Valeria , Bolzon Giorgio
Published: April 2017

Abstract. In this paper, we present a coupling scheme between the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model (MITgcm) and the Biogeochemical Flux Model (BFM). The MITgcm and BFM are widely used models for geophysical fluid dynamics and for ocean biogeochemistry, respectively, and they benefit from the support of active developers and user communities. The MITgcm is a state-of-the-art general circulation model for simulating the ocean and the atmosphere. This model is fully 3-D (including the non-hydrostatic term of momentum equations) and is characterized by a finite-volume discretization and a number of additional features enabling simulations from global (O(107) m) to local scales (O(100) m). The BFM is a biogeochemical model based on plankton functional type formulations, and it simulates the cycling of a number of constituents and nutrients within marine ecosystems. The online coupling presented in this paper is based on an open-source code, and it is characterized by a modular structure. Modularity preserves the potentials of the two models, allowing for a sustainable programming effort to handle future evolutions in the two codes. We also tested specific model options and integration schemes to balance the numerical accuracy against the computational performance. The coupling scheme allows us to solve several processes that are not considered by each of the models alone, including light attenuation parameterizations along the water column, phytoplankton and detritus sinking, external inputs, and surface and bottom fluxes. Moreover, this new coupled hydrodynamic–biogeochemical model has been configured and tested against an idealized problem (a cyclonic gyre in a mid-latitude closed basin) and a realistic case study (central part of the Mediterranean Sea in 2006–2012). The numerical results consistently reproduce the interplay of hydrodynamics and biogeochemistry in both the idealized case and Mediterranean Sea experiments. The former reproduces correctly the alternation of surface bloom and deep chlorophyll maximum dynamics driven by the seasonal cycle of winter vertical mixing and summer stratification; the latter simulates the main basin-wide and mesoscale spatial features of the physical and biochemical variables in the Mediterranean, thus demonstrating the applicability of the new coupled model to a wide range of ocean biogeochemistry problems.
The Sectional Stratospheric Sulfate Aerosol module S3A-v1 within
the LMDZ general circulation model: Description and evaluation
against stratospheric aerosol observations
Authors: Kleinschmitt Christoph , Boucher Olivier , Bekki Slimane , Lott François , Platt Ulrich
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Stratospheric aerosols play an important role in the climate system by affecting the Earth's radiative budget and the capabilities to simulate them interactively within global models are continuously improving. It is important to represent accurately both aerosol microphysical and atmospheric dynamical processes because together they affect the size distribution and the residence time of the aerosol particles in the stratosphere. The newly developed LMDZ-S3A model presented in this article uses a sectional approach for sulfate particles in the stratosphere and includes all the relevant microphysical processes, allowing full interaction between aerosol radiative effects and atmospheric dynamics. It reasonably reproduces aerosol observations in periods of low (background) and high (volcanic) stratospheric sulfate loading. Thus, it may serve as a tool to study the climate impacts of volcanic eruptions, as well as the deliberate anthropogenic injection of aerosols into the stratosphere, which has been proposed as a method of geoengineering to abate global warming.
Parameter Calibration in Global Land Carbon Models Using
Surrogate-based Optimization
Authors: Xu Haoyu , Zhang Tao , Luo Yiqi , Xue Wei , Huang Xin
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Soil organic carbon (SOC) has a significant effect on the carbon emission and climate change. However, current SOC prediction accuracy of most models is very low. Most evaluation studies indicate that the prediction error mainly comes from parameter uncertainties, which can be obviously improved by parameter calibration. Data assimilation technique has been successfully employed for parameter calibration of SOC models. However, data assimilation algorithms such as Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) generally require a large amount of computation cost and are not appropriate for complex global land models. This study proposes a new parameter calibration method based on surrogate optimization techniques for improving the prediction of SOC. Experiments on three types of land carbon cycle models, including Community Land Model with Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach biogeochemistry sub-model (CLM-CASA’) and two microbial models show that surrogate-based optimization method is more effective and efficient than MCMC on both accuracy and cost. The root mean squared errors (RMSE) between predictions of different SOC models calibrated by surrogate-base optimization and observations can be reduced up to 12% compared to the results by using Bayesian MCMC. Meanwhile, the corresponding computation cost required is only one thousandth of that with Bayesian MCMC.
ORCHILEAK: A new model branch to simulate carbon transfers along
the terrestrial-aquatic continuum of the Amazon basin
Authors: Lauerwald Ronny , Regnier Pierre , Camino-Serrano Marta , Guenet Bertrand , Guimberteau Matthieu , Ducharne Agnès , Polcher Jan , Ciais Philippe
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Lateral transfer of carbon (C) from terrestrial ecosystems into the inland water network is an important component of the global C cycle, which sustains a large aquatic CO2 evasion flux fueled by the decomposition of allochthonous C inputs. Globally, estimates of the total C exports through the terrestrial-aquatic interface range from 1.5 to 2.7 Pg C yr−1 (Cole et al., 2007; Battin et al., 2009; Tranvik et al., 2009), i.e. in the order of 2–5% of the terrestrial NPP. Earth System Models (ESM) of the climate system ignore these lateral transfers of C, and thus likely overestimate the terrestrial C sink. In this study, we present the implementation of fluvial transport of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and CO2 into ORCHIDEE, the land surface scheme of the Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace ESM. This new model branch, called ORCHILEAK, represents DOC production from canopy and soils, DOC and CO2 leaching from soils to streams, DOC decomposition and CO2 evasion to the atmosphere during its lateral transport in rivers, as well as exchange with the soil carbon and litter stocks on floodplains and in swamps. We parameterized and validated ORCHILEAK for the Amazon basin, the world's largest river system with regard to discharge and one of the most productive ecosystems of the world. With ORCHILEAK, we are able to reproduce observed terrestrial and aquatic fluxes of DOC and CO2 in the Amazon basin, both in terms of mean values and seasonality. In addition, we are able to resolve the spatio-temporal variability in C fluxes along the canopy-soil-aquatic continuum at high resolution (1°, daily) and to quantify the different terrestrial contributions to the aquatic C fluxes. We simulate that more than 2/3 of the Amazon's fluvial DOC export is contributed by the decomposition of submerged litter. Throughfall DOC fluxes from canopy to ground are about as high as the total DOC inputs to inland waters. The latter, however, are mainly sustained by litter decomposition. Decomposition of DOC and submerged plant litter contributes slightly more than half of the CO2 evasion from the water surface, while the remainder is contributed by soil respiration. Total CO2 evasion from the water surface equals about 5 % of the terrestrial NPP. Our results highlight that ORCHILEAK is well suited to simulate carbon transfers along the terrestrial-aquatic continuum of tropical forests. It also opens the perspective that provided parameterization, calibration and validation is performed for other biomes, the new model branch could improve the quantification of the global terrestrial C sink and help better constrain carbon cycle-climate feedbacks in future projections.
Extending global irrigation maps – going beyond statistics
Authors: Meier Jonas , Zabel Florian , Mauser Wolfram
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Agriculture is the largest global consumer of water. Irrigated areas contribute to 40 % of the agricultural production. Information on their spatial distribution is highly relevant for regional water management and food security. Spatial information on irrigation is highly important for policy and decision makers who are facing the transition towards a more efficient sustainable agriculture. However, existing global datasets are coarse and the mapping of irrigated areas still represents a challenge for land classifications. The following study extends existing irrigation maps that are based on statistics. The approach processes and analyses spatial data incrementally in a multi decision tree by using multi-temporal NDVI SPOT-VGT data and agricultural suitability data – both at a spatial resolution of 30 arc seconds. It covers the period from 1999 to 2012. The result exceeds the resolution of existing global studies and is not restricted to official reports made by surveys. Irrigated areas that were not yet included in the reports could be identified. The results globally show 22 % more irrigated areas than existing approaches and statistical data. The largest differences compared to existing data are found in Asia and particularly in China and India. The additional areas are mainly identified within already known irrigated regions where irrigation is more dense than previously estimated.
When probabilistic seismic hazard climbs volcanoes: the Mt Etna case, Italy. Part I: model components for sources parametrization
Authors: Azzaro Raffaele , Barberi Graziella , D'Amico Salvatore , Pace Bruno , Peruzza Laura , Tuvè Tiziana
Published: April 2017

Abstract. The volcanic region of Mt Etna (Sicily, Italy) represents a perfect lab for testing innovative approaches to seismic hazard assessment, given the availability of a long record of historical and recent observations of seismic and tectonic phenomena, the high quality of various geophysical monitorings and especially because the very fast geodynamics clearly demonstrate some seismotectonic processes. We present here the model components and the procedures adopted for defining seismic sources to be used in a new generation of Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment (PSHA) whose first results and maps are presented in a companion paper, Peruzza et al. (2017). The sources include, in a picture of increasing complexity, area seismic zones, individual faults and gridded point sources that are obtained by integrating geological field data with long and short earthquake datasets (the historical macroseismic catalogue that covers about three centuries, and a high-quality instrumental locations database for the last decades). The analysis of the frequency-magnitude distribution identifies two main fault systems within the volcanic complex featuring different seismic rates that are controlled essentially by volcano-tectonic processes. We discuss the variability of the mean occurrence times of major earthquakes along the main Etnean faults by using an historical approach and a purely geologic method. We derive a magnitude-size scaling relationship specific for this volcanic area, which was has been implemented into a recently developed software tool – FiSH, Pace et al. (2015) – which we use to calculate the characteristic magnitudes and the related mean recurrence times expected for each fault. Results suggest that for Mt Etna area, the traditional assumptions of uniform and Poissonian seismicity can be relaxed; a time-dependent fault-based modelling, joined with a 3D imaging of volcano-tectonic sources depicted by the recent instrumental seismicity, can be therefore implemented in PSHA maps. They can be relevant for the retrofitting of the existing building stock, and for driving risk reduction interventions. These analyses do not account regional M > 6 seismogenic sources which dominate the hazard at long exposure times (≥ 50 yrs).
Jornada Universitaria de Desarrollo Científico 2015 Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Jurídicas
Authors: Cortés Castillo Lidia
Published: April 2017

No hay resumenRevista Humanismo y Cambio Social. Número 6. Año 3. Julio - Diciembre 2015: 110-114
Corea y el proceso de integración centroamericana: desafíos y oportunidades
Authors: Hong Seok-Hwa
Published: April 2017

El presente artículo toma como punto central el estudio del proceso de integración centroamericana, desde sus inicios hasta su estado actual, identificando los principales obstáculos que ha enfrentado los países que conforman el sistema de integración centroamericana (SICA), particularmente los países centroamericanos, por alcanzar una unidad completa. En este sentido, se analiza el papel que ha desempeñado la República de Corea en contribuir a dicha integración; su relación con los países centroamericanos y algunas estrategias que deberían implementarse para fortalecer las relaciones políticas, económicas y de cooperación entre ambas partes.Revista Humanismo y Cambio Social. Número 7. Año 3. Enero - Junio 2016: 28-38
‘Estos no son cohetes’: el asesinato del Presidente Remón Cantera y el lugar de Panamá en la ruta de las ‘drogas heroicas’
Authors: García Roberto , Vallarino Janette
Published: April 2017

No hay resumenRevista Humanismo y Cambio Social. Número 7. Año 3. Enero - Junio 2016: 108-132
CT and SPECT image fusion using external fiducial markers for detection of the sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer
Authors: Haramiishi Kei , Nakamura Shinya , Tsuchiya Tomoaki , Fukui Atsushi , Matsuyama Midori , Mochizuki Mamoru , Fukuchi Kazuki
Published: April 2017

Object: Hybrid single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography, which is recently developed, is useful for the sentinel node (SN) mapping in patients with breast cancer. However, this expensive new technology is only available at limited hospitals. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of software-based computed tomography (CT) and single-photon emission tomography (SPECT) image fusion using external fiducial markers for visualization of SNs in breast cancer.Methods: Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy using 99mTc-phytate colloid was performed in 70 consecutive patients (mean age, 55.3 ± 11.8). Continually, SPECT and low-dose chest CT were performed using an 241Am-containing button as an external fiducial marker attached to the skin surface of the patient’s chest wall. The acquired SPECT and CT images were rescaled, interpolated, reformatted, and registered point-by-point on a workstation.Results: SPECT detected SN sites, including axillar (n = 96) and internal mammary lesions (n = 7). On fused images, precise overlap of hot spots shown at the corresponding lymph nodes on CT images was achieved in all but 2 cases. In cases with axillar lesions, rendering the fused images into 3D volumes with accentuation of the pectoralis minor muscle was helpful for diagnosis of SN locations in level II (n = 10). After surgery, all nodes were depicted as “hot nodes” on fused images, and 14 metastatic nodes were confirmed by histological examination.Conclusions: External fiducial-based coregistration of SPECT lymphoscintigraphic and CT images depicted the precise location of SN drainage and may provide useful information for preoperative planning, without the need for hybrid SPECT/CT.
Reporting of medication errors by pediatric nurses
Authors: Gök Derya , Sarı Hatice Yıldırım
Published: April 2017

Background and objective: Children have a higher risk of being exposed to medication errors and are more prone to harm due to reasons such as differences in their growth and development, and their physiological and psychological characteristics which are different from those of adults. The purpose of this study is to determine pediatric nurses’ attitudes towards reporting of medication errors and causes of not reporting of medication errors and to determine their views on the incidence of medication errors.Methods: The study was conducted in a Children’s Hospital in the province of Izmir, with the participation of 179 pediatric nurses. To collect the data, two forms were used in the study, socio-demographic questionnaire and Questionnaire for Medication Errors.Results: While 34.6% (n = 62) of the nurses thought that medication errors never happened in the clinics over the past year. While 94.4% (n = 169) of the participating nurses did not report any medication errors within the past year, 5.6% reported 1-2 times. The highest proportion (75.4%) (n = 135) of the nurses, the reason for not reporting medication errors was the fear of receiving legal punishment.Conclusions: Reporting medication errors is low level. In conclusion, the main reason for not reporting medication errors was the perception of receiving punishment. Implications for nursing and/or health policy: Education to nurses should be given at regular intervals and in small groups by using case samples. If the managers are to promote reporting, they should eliminate the perception of receiving punishment, and make necessary arrangements to develop non-accusatory culture aiming to learn from the results of reported errors.
Treatment of Pregnant Patients With Orthopaedic Trauma
Authors: Tejwani Nirmal , Klifto Kevin , Looze Christopher , Klifto Christopher Scott
Published: April 2017

Fracture management in pregnant patients is challenging. Anatomic and physiologic changes in pregnancy increase the complexity of treatment. Maternal trauma increases the risk of fetal loss, preterm birth, placental abruption, cesarean delivery, and maternal death. Initial resuscitation and treatment in a facility equipped to handle the orthopaedic injury and preterm births are paramount. Pelvic and acetabular injuries are potentially life threatening. The benefits and risks of surgical treatment must be carefully considered. The risks posed by anesthetic agents, antibiotic agents, anticoagulant agents, and radiation exposure must be understood. Positioning of the patient can affect the viability of the fetus. If surgery is necessary, the left lateral decubitus position decreases fetal hypotension. A specialized team including an obstetrician, perinatologist, orthopaedic surgeon, general trauma surgeon, critical care specialist, emergency medicine specialist, anesthesiologist, radiologist, and nurse must collaborate to improve maternal and fetal outcomes.
Foreign Language Anxiety in Saudi Classroom: A Case Study of Saudi Tertiary Female Students in Prince Sattam University
Authors: Balla Asjad Ahmed Saeed
Published: April 2017

This paper investigates the level of anxiety due to learning English as a foreign language. It tries to answer these questions: 1-Is anxiety a factor in hindering English proficiency? 2-Does anxiety lead to fear of communication? 3- Which type of anxiety is high among tertiary level female Saudi students? The Foreign Language Anxiety Classroom Scale (FLACS) used as an instrument. The data was collected and statistically analysed through SPSS. This paper revealed that anxiety was one of the major factors that impeded English proficiency. Besides, anxiety also caused fear of communication among the students. Furthermore, it was found that the learners had got a high level of communication apprehension that hindered their contact with their teachers and others. This was followed by test anxiety in which the students expected to fail their test. Students showed great fear of test as they feared to be negatively assessed by teachers, this fact had created great anxiety that influenced their attitudes and behaviour as well.
The Use of Grid 10 x 10 in Learning The Percent
Authors: Ningsih Siska , Putri Ratu Ilma Indra , Susanti Ely
Published: April 2017

The percent symbol is often used in a variety of media in daily life. Students have difficulty in solving the problems dealing with percentage, even though they know little about percent. Therefore, this research was aimed to obtain learning trajectory percentage using grid 10 x 10 by Pendidikan Matematika Realistik Indonesia (PMRI) approach and find out the role of grid 10 x 10 in helping students to comprehend the percentage problem. The method of this study was design research type validation studies which were aimed to prove the learning theories. Research design consisted of three phases, those are preliminary, experiment design, and retrospective analysis. This research was conducted in SD negeri 3 OKU by involving fifth grade students. The data of this research was collected by using video, documentation, pre-test, the students’ activity sheets, posttest, and interview. The data were analyzed qualitatively. The result of this research showed that the learning trajectory which was designed consists of three activities which every activity is divided into two and grid 10 x 10 has a role in percentage learning.
Importance of Poverty Levels in Regime Change
Authors: Aguilar Kristobal Miguel Meléndez
Published: April 2017

The wave of democratization of the Nineties may be coming to an end, non democratic regimes are becoming attractive because they have had better performance. Venezuela, Ecuador, Bangladesh, Thailand, Pakistan, Gambia, Madagascar and Mozambique are countries that were democratic in 1990, but they already had other type of regime in 2010. Through analysing economic variables, non democratic countries had had lower inequality levels, higher rates of economic growth, but higher poverty levels. Through analysing political variables, democratic countries had had higher polarization levels from 1990 to 2010. Through analysing democratic countries that changed their regime from 1990 to 2010 and through analysing changes in some economic, political and social variables, it was found that the polarization levels were relevant for changing regime from 1990 to 2000, while poverty levels were relevant for changing regime from 2000 to 2010. This hypothesis is supported with six statistical models that use ivprobit. As conclusion, democratic countries that do not reduce poverty levels may be at risk of change regime.
Effect of Genetic Parameters on Some Growth Performance Traits of Harnai Sheep
Authors: Abdul Sattar Safi  , Hubdar Ali Kaleri  , Gul Muhammad  , Rameez Raja Kaleri  , Asma Kaleri  , Muhammad Akram Safi  , Assad Ullah  , Kamal Uddin Mandokhial  , Muhammad Siddiq
Published: April 2017

Present study was performed to estimates the genetic parameters forsome growth performance traits of Harnai sheep. The data was recorded for the period of 2004-2013 from the Multi-purpose research centre Yetabad, District, Baluchistan. The performance traits including birth, yearling, weaning and fleece weight was recorded for the estimation of genetic parameters. There was no significant difference was observed parity and Ram wise among some growth performance traits of Harnai sheep. While the results for heritability, estimation for birth weight, yearling weight, weaning weight and fleece weight was observed low to medium for some growth performance traits of Harnai sheep. It is concluded that low heritable and correlative traits mainly affected by the management, nutritional and temporary environmental conditions, hence improvement can be achieved through the better selection.
Les symptômes et les troubles intériorisés chez les jeunes contrevenants associés aux gangs de rue
Authors: Morin Claudia , Laurier Catherine , Simard Valérie
Published: April 2017

Plusieurs études ont exploré la délinquance perpétrée par les jeunes contrevenants associés aux gangs de rue. Néanmoins, peu de recherches se sont intéressées à l’ajustement psychologique de ces jeunes. La présente étude a donc pour but de comparer le nombre de symptômes et de troubles intériorisés entre les jeunes contrevenants associés aux gangs de rue (n = 41/103) et ceux qui n’y sont pas associés (n = 62/103) et d’évaluer si l’association aux gangs de rue est liée significativement aux symptômes et aux troubles intériorisés lorsque les effets de l’âge et de la délinquance sont contrôlés. Cette étude s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une recherche effectuée par Laurier, Guay, Lafortune et Toupin (2015). L’échantillon est composé de 103 jeunes contrevenants masculins âgés de 14 à 20 ans. Les jeunes ont été rencontrés à deux reprises afin d’effectuer la passation des questionnaires. Les résultats indiquent que les jeunes associés aux gangs présentent davantage de symptômes de colère-irritabilité et de dépression-anxiété que les jeunes qui n’y sont pas associés. Ils présentent également un plus grand nombre de symptômes intériorisés et ils sont plus nombreux à présenter au moins un trouble anxieux. L’association aux gangs de rue demeure liée aux symptômes de dépression-anxiété et à la présence d’au moins un trouble anxieux lorsque les effets de l’âge et de la délinquance sont contrôlés. Ces résultats soulignent l’importance du dépistage et du traitement des symptômes et des troubles intériorisés chez les jeunes contrevenants, particulièrement chez ceux qui sont associés aux gangs de rue.
Dimension affective de la relation enseignant-élève avec les adolescents : revue des études longitudinales et perspective de l’attachement
Authors: Virat Mael
Published: April 2017

En France, la dimension affective de la relation enseignant-élève fait l’objet d’une controverse et les travaux en psychologie de l’éducation dans ce champ n’ont pas été intégrés aux formations d’enseignants. Pourtant, de très nombreux travaux ont montré les effets positifs pour les élèves d’une relation chaleureuse et peu conflictuelle avec l’enseignant. L’objectif de ce travail est de présenter la première synthèse francophone des résultats des études longitudinales montrant les effets de la relation affective enseignant-adolescents. Les 24 études recensées mettent en évidence des effets positifs tant scolaires qu’extrascolaires. Ces résultats sont ensuite interprétés à la lumière de la théorie de l’attachement et des systèmes comportementaux. Les perspectives de recherche et les implications pratiques de cette interprétation sont discutées en conclusion.
Exploration de la validité psychométrique de l’Échelle du Souvenir Maternel de l’Engagement Scolaire (ÉSMES)
Authors: Tardif-Grenier Kristel , Parent Sophie , Archambault Isabelle
Published: April 2017

Plusieurs variables parentales sont connues pour influencer la réussite scolaire de l’enfant, notamment le niveau de scolarité de la mère. Cette variable nous renseigne toutefois bien peu sur la nature et la qualité de l’expérience scolaire de la mère. Afin de raffiner la compréhension des mécanismes par lesquels le vécu scolaire maternel affecte celui de l’enfant, cette étude menée à partir de données secondaires explore le concept du souvenir maternel de l’expérience scolaire, plus précisément de son engagement scolaire. À cette fin, les auteures ont procédé à la validation exploratoire de l’Échelle du souvenir maternel de l’engagement scolaire (ÉSMES) auprès de 373 mères d’élèves du préscolaire. Les analyses en composantes principales (ACP) suggèrent l’existence de deux dimensions : le souvenir maternel de l’engagement comportemental et le souvenir maternel de l’engagement cognitif. Les résultats indiquent que la mesure présente une bonne validité de construit ainsi qu’une validité prédictive satisfaisante. Cette étude représente un premier pas dans l’étude empirique du souvenir parental de l’engagement scolaire et contribuera à sensibiliser les chercheurs ainsi que les intervenants à l’importance de ce concept.