bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Synthesis of 7,8‐Dimethoxyisochroman‐3‐one: Formal Synthesis of Berberine.
Authors: ISHII H. , OZAWA M. , OHTA S. , HARAYAMA T. , ISHIKAWA T.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Synthesis of a Novel Family of Oligopyridine Based Imino‐ Nitroxide Biradicals Catalysed by Selenium Dioxide.
Authors: ULRICH G. , ZIESSEL R.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroboration of Enecarbamates and the Synthesis of β‐ Hydroxypiperidine Alkaloids.
Authors: PLEHIERS M. , HOOTELE C.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 6‐Methylisoquinolino(7,8‐a)quinolizinium Salt: Efficient Synthesis of 2‐(2‐Arylvinyl)quinolizinium Salts by Knoevenagel Condensation Using Acetonitrile as a Solvent and the Photocyclization.
Authors: SATO K. , KANO K. , YAFUNE Y. , HIDA M. , ARAI S. , YAMAGISHI T.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Some 8‐Diazoxanthine Derivatives.
Authors: MOSSELHI M. A. N. , ABBASS I. M. , ABDALLA M. A. , EL‐DAMATY A. A.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Approach to Pyrimidine and Quinazoline Derivatives by (4 + 2) Cycloddition of 1,3‐Diazadienes and Enamines.
Authors: BARLUENGA J. , TOMAS M. , BALLESTEROS A. , LOPEZ L. A.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple Approach Towards the Synthesis of 5‐Methyl‐2‐hydroxypyrazine Derivatives from Dipeptidyl Chloromethyl Ketones.
Authors: OKADA Y. , TAGUCHI H. , NISHIYAMA Y. , YOKOI T.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of N‐Halosuccinimides with 1,1‐Bimetallics Based on Zirconocene and Boronic Esters: A New Synthesis of α‐Haloboronic Esters.
Authors: ZHENG B. , SREBNIK M.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diels‐Alder Self‐Addition and Retroaddition of (Cyclopentadienylmethyl) triethoxysilane and Synthesis of Its Permethylated Analogue.
Authors: CERMAK J. , KVICALOVA M. , SCHRAML J. , CAPKA M.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of New Functionalized Bisphosphines.
Authors: GOURDEL Y. , PELLON P. , TOUPET L. , LE CORRE M.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Conversion of Amides, N,N,N′,N′‐Tetramethylurea, and Esters to the Corresponding Selenoxo Compounds by Treatment with Bis(trimethylsilyl) Selenide and BF3×OEt2.
Authors: TAKIKAWA Y. , WATANABE H. , SASAKI R. , SHIMADA K.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stable Germirane Derivatives.
Authors: ANDO W. , OHGAKI H. , KABE Y.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Nucleophilic Addition of Alkyl Grignard Reagents to 17‐Ketosteroids in the Presence of Cerium(III) Chloride: Synthesis of 17α‐Propyl‐17β‐hydroxy‐4‐androsten‐3‐one, an Androgen Receptor Antagonist.
Authors: LI X. , SINGH S. M. , LABRIE F.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of 3‐Pyridyl‐N‐oxide Steroids: Inhibitors of 5. alpha.‐Reductase.
Authors: HAFFNER C.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Regio‐ and Stereoselective Reduction of Steroidal 3′(2H)‐ Furanone.
Authors: KHRIPACH V. A. , ZAVADSKAYA M. I. , DRACHENOVA O. A. , FANDO G. P.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid Phase Synthesis of Phosphonoserine Isosteres of Phosphoserine Peptides.
Authors: SHAPIRO G. , BUECHLER D. , ENZ A. , POMBO‐VILLAR E.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Bis(Fmoc‐aminoethyl)‐N‐glycine Derivatives by Reductive Amination of Fmoc‐amino Aldehydes with NaBH3CN.
Authors: SALVI J.‐P. , WALCHSHOFER N. , PARIS J.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of (2S,3R)‐3‐Amino‐2‐hydroxydecanoic Acid: The Unknown Amino Acid Component of Microginin.
Authors: BUNNAGE M. E. , BURKE A. J. , DAVIES S. G. , GOODWIN C. J.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoenzymatic Synthesis and Stereochemistry of Aleppotrioloside, a Naturally Occurring Glucoside.
Authors: TRINCONE A. , PAGNOTTA E. , SODANO G.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Sugar Amino Acid as a New Peptidomimetic.
Authors: VON ROEDERN E. , KESSLER H.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the Basic Disaccharide Unit of Heparin.
Authors: JAURAND G. , TABEUR C. , PETITOU M.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Synthesis of the Calicheamicin Oligosaccharide (I) Using the Sulfoxide Glycosylation Method.
Authors: KIM S.‐H. , AUGERI D. , YANG D. , KAHNE D.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Biosynthesis of Hyoscyamine Involves an Intramolecular Rearrangement of Littorine.
Authors: ROBINS R. J. , BACHMANN P. , WOOLLEY J. G.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Photocycloaddition of Deoxyuridines to 2,3‐Dimethyl‐2‐butene.
Authors: HAGA N. , ISHIKAWA I. , TAKAYANAGI H. , OGURA H.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Glucofuranosyl Analogues of Spongosine and Their Antiviral Activity.
Authors: OJHA L. M. , PRATAP R. , BHAKUNI D. S.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Straightforward and Practical Formal Synthesis of Lavendamycin Ethyl Ester.
Authors: MOLINA P. , MURCIA F. , FRESNEDA P. M.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Convergent Synthesis of the Polyene Macrolide (‐)‐Roxaticin (V).
Authors: RYCHNOVSKY S. D. , HOYE R. C.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of η4‐Diene Iron Tricarbonyl Complexes in Acyclic Stereocontrol: Asymmetric Synthesis of the as‐Indacene Unit (XII) of Ikarugamycin (XIII) (a Formal Total Synthesis).
Authors: ROUSH W. R. , WADA C. K.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Adsorption and Reactions of CO, NO, H2 and O2 on Group VIII Metals
Authors: NIEUWENHUYS B. E.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Large Pore Alumosilicates
Authors: ERNST S. , WEITKAMP J.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetrathiafulvalenes as Building Blocks in Supramolecular Chemistry
Authors: JOERGENSEN T. , HANSEN T. K. , BECHER J.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Alcohols with Molecular Oxygen on Platinum Metal Catalysts in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: MALLAT T. , BAIKER A.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterogeneous Catalysis and Electrocatalysis
Authors: HORANYI G.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Opportunities for New Chemical Libraries: Unnatural Biopolymers and Diversomers
Authors: LISKAMP R. M. J.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The role of banned substance residue analysis in the control of dietary supplement contamination
Authors: Judkins Catherine MG , Teale Philip , Hall David J
Published: September 2010

The potential for contaminated dietary supplements to result in a failed doping test remains a concern for athletes, trainers, and sporting authorities despite improvements to regulatory guidelines. Previous surveys of readily available supplements confirm that many are contaminated with steroids and stimulants prohibited for use in elite sport. Suggested responses to this issue include the complete avoidance of all supplements. Many athletes, however, use nutritional supplements to achieve effective training and also to ensure that daily nutritional requirements are met (e.g. recommended levels of vitamins and minerals). This ensures that the use of supplements is and will remain the norm for a range of sports. As a result, an alternative approach of rigorous testing of materials destined for use by elite athletes has been introduced in several countries. While the testing of final product for banned substances may help mitigate the problem, it will not help to remove the underlying issue of contamination. In this article we describe an alternative approach that uses appropriate quality assurance procedures backed up by testing to remove sources of contamination. The decrease in the incidence of contamination amongst supplement companies adopting such a system is explained, and contrasted with the relatively high incidences of contamination found in products that are not part of a quality system. These findings are of key importance to both supplement manufacturers and those involved in advising athletes about supplement use. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Marine Toxins with Spiroimine Rings: Total Synthesis of Pinnatoxin A
Authors: Beaumont Stéphane , Ilardi Elizabeth A. , Tappin Nicholas D. C. , Zakarian Armen
Published: September 2010

This microreview provides a compilation of synthetic approaches and total syntheses of pinnatoxin A in a survey of the literature up to early 2010. Pinnatoxin A is the first discovered and representative member of a fascinating group of potent marine toxins that share a spiroimine subunit as a unifying structural element.
Influence of water flux and redox conditions on chlorobenzene concentrations in a contaminated streambed
Authors: Schmidt Christian , Martienssen Marion , Kalbus Edda
Published: September 2010

Significant natural attenuation may occur on the passage of groundwater plumes through streambed sediments because of the transition from anaerobic to aerobic conditions and an increased microbial activity. Varying directions and magnitudes of water flow in the streambed may enhance or inhibit the supply of oxygen to the streambed and thus influence the redox zoning. In a field study at a small stream in the industrial area of Bitterfeld‐Wolfen, we observed the variability of hydraulic gradients, streambed temperatures, redox conditions and monochlorobenzene (MCB) concentrations in the streambed over the course of 5 months. During the observation period, the hydrologic conditions changed from losing to gaining. Accordingly, the temperature‐derived water fluxes changed from recharge to discharge. Redox conditions were highly variable between − 170 and 368 mV in the shallow streambed at a depth of 0·1 m below the streambed surface. Deeper in the streambed, at depths of 0·3 m and 0·5 m, the redox conditions were more stable between − 198 and − 81 mV and comparable to those typically found in the aquifer. MCB concentrations in the streambed at 0·3 and 0·5 m depth increased with increasing upward water flux. The MCB concentrations in the shallow streambed at 0·1 m depth appeared to be independent of the hydrologic conditions suggesting that degradation of MCB may have occured. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Routine biopsy of cloquet's node is of limited value in sentinel node positive melanoma patients
Authors: Chu Carrie K. , Zager Jonathan S. , Marzban Suroosh S. , Gimbel Mark I. , Murray Douglas R. , Hestley Andrea C. , Messina Jane L. , Sondak Vernon K. , Carlson Grant W. , Delman Keith A.
Published: September 2010

Background and Objectives

Biopsy of Cloquet's node (CN) during groin dissection has been used to indicate need for pelvic dissection. With earlier detection of microscopic regional disease in the era of sentinel node biopsy (SNB), frequency of positive CN may be so low that routine biopsy is unwarranted.

Methods

Patients with positive groin SNB from 2000 to 2008 were identified from two centers. Cases where CN was identified at completion node dissection were selected. Lymphoscintigraphic, surgical, pathologic, and recurrence data were reviewed.

Results

CN was identified in 53 cases. Median age was 44.5 years (range 7–77); median Breslow depth, 1.98 mm (range 0.5–25.0); % Clark's level IV/V, 90%; and % ulceration, 41.5%. Fifty (94.3%) underwent groin dissection alone; three others underwent concomitant pelvic dissection. Two (3.8%) patients had positive CN; both had additional indications for pelvic dissection. Delayed pelvic recurrence rate was 2/53 (3.8%); both patients had negative CN. In the three patients treated with concurrent groin and pelvic dissection, CN reflected pelvic nodal status in two cases; the third had pelvic metastases despite negative CN.

Conclusions

After positive SNB, disease involvement of CN is rare. Patients with positive biopsies of CN in the SNB era appear likely to have additional indications for pelvic dissection, minimizing utility of CN biopsy. Routine intraoperative sampling of CN may not be warranted during groin dissection for positive SNB. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:315–320. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A quick diagnostic test for NMR receiver gain compression
Authors: Mo Huaping , Harwood John S. , Raftery Daniel
Published: September 2010

Modern NMR spectrometers require receivers to work within their linear ranges to maintain high fidelity line shape and peak integration. For better sensitivity, the receiver gain has to be optimized to detect dilute analytes; however, gain compression needs to be avoided. Here, we explore if and how linear receiver performance can be achieved for a couple of representative gain settings on a spectrometer. In the case of slight receiver gain compression, not only will the peak integral be attenuated but a very small line‐shape change can also be observed. Hence, we can resort to resonance integration and line‐shape analysis for gain compression diagnosis. As such, NMR signals, regardless of their observed amplitude difference in frequency domain, can be accurately compared in quantitative analysis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Significant prognostic factor of immunohistochemical HER‐2 expression using initial prostate biopsy specimens with M1b prostate cancer
Authors: Tobiume Motoi , Yamada Yoshiaki , Nakamura Kogenta , Aoki Shigeyuki , Zennami Kenji , Kato Yoshiharu , Nishikawa Genya , Yokoi Toyoharu , Honda Nobuaki
Published: September 2010

BACKGROUND

We examined whether human epidermal growth factor‐2(HER‐2) overexpression could be a useful marker of outcome after hormone therapy in patients with M1b prostate cancer (PC).

SUBJECTS AND METHODS

The subjects were 102 patients who were diagnosed with M1b PC at Aichi Medical University Hospital. HER‐2 expression was determined by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining using initial needle biopsy specimens for diagnosis. The results were classified into four grades (0, 1+, 2+, 3+), and scores of 1+ or greater were considered overexpression and defined as positive.

RESULTS

The results showed a rating of 0 in 72 subjects, 1+ in 10, 2+ in 14, and 3+ in 6; 30 subjects (29.4%) were classified as HER‐2 positive. Comparison of clinical data of HER‐2 positive and negative subjects obtained at baseline revealed many of the subjects with high‐grade tumors by Gleason score were HER‐2 positive (P = 0.030). The prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) relapse was observed in 76 subjects and cause‐specific death occurred in 44. A significant difference was observed only in the item HER‐2 (negative vs. positive) by multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis. The 5‐year PSA relapse‐free rate was 0% in subjects with HER‐2 positive (26/30), and 43.9% in subjects with HER‐2 negative (50/72, P = 0.0192). The 5‐year cause‐specific survival rate was 40.9% in subjects with HER‐2 positive (30/102), and 67.3% in subjects with HER‐2 negative (72/102, P = 0.0301).

CONCLUSION

HER‐2 overexpression as determined by IHC staining using needle biopsy specimens for diagnosis with M1b PC is a significant prognostic factor for PSA relapse after hormone therapy and unfavorable outcome. Prostate 77:385–393, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Magnetic characterization of Bi2FeMnO6 film grown on (100) SrTiO3 substrate
Authors: Zhao Hongyang , Kimura Hideo , Cheng Zhenxiang , Wang Xiaolin , Ozawa Kiyoshi , Nishida Takashi
Published: September 2010

Single phase Bi2FeMnO6 films on (100) SrTiO3 substrate were fabricated using a pulsed laser deposition method through optimization of the preparation conditions. The magnetic moment is 0.30μB at 5 K in the magnetic field of 1 T, indicating that B site cations of Fe and Mn are disordered in the sample. The zero‐field‐cooling (ZFC) and field‐cooling (FC) magnetization curves measured from 2 K to 400 K coincide at 360 K. This is consistent with the observation that hysteresis disappears at 360 K, revealing the antiferromagnetic transition at this temperature. A spin‐glass‐like behaviour was observed at low temperature (∼100 K) with a cusp of 25 K. Mn shows multiple valence states in the film. It is possibly because Mn2+ and Mn4+ could decrease the Jahn–Teller effect from Mn3+ in the film which results in less lattice distortion. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Biomimetic Synthesis of Gelatin Polypeptide-Assisted Noble-Metal Nanoparticles and Their Interaction Study
Authors: Liu Ying , Liu Xiaoheng , Wang Xin
Published: September 2010

Herein, the generation of gold, silver, and silver–gold (Ag–Au) bimetallic nanoparticles was carried out in collagen (gelatin) solution. It first showed that the major ingredient in gelatin polypeptide, glutamic acid, acted as reducing agent to biomimetically synthesize noble metal nanoparticles at 80°C. The size of nanoparticles can be controlled not only by the mass ratio of gelatin to gold ion but also by pH of gelatin solution. Interaction between noble-metal nanoparticles and polypeptide has been investigated by TEM, UV–visible, fluorescence spectroscopy, and HNMR. This study testified that the degradation of gelatin protein could not alter the morphology of nanoparticles, but it made nanoparticles aggregated clusters array (opposing three-dimensional α-helix folding structure) into isolated nanoparticles stabilized by gelatin residues. This is a promising merit of gelatin to apply in the synthesis of nanoparticles. Therefore, gelatin protein is an excellent template for biomimetic synthesis of noble metal/bimetallic nanoparticle growth to form nanometer-sized device.
English Population History from Family Reconstitution 1580–1837
Authors: Wrigley E. A. , Davies R. S. , Oeppen J. E. , Schofield R. S.
Published: September 2010

English Population History from Family Reconstitution 1580–1837 is the most important single contribution to English historical demography since Wrigley and Schofield's Population History of England. It represents the culmination of work carried out at the Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure over the past quarter-century. This work demonstrates the value of the technique of family reconstitution as a means of obtaining accurate and detailed information about fertility, morality, and nuptiality in the past. Indeed, more is now known about many aspects of English demography in the parish register period than about the post-1837 period when the Registrar-General collected and published information. Using data from 26 parishes, the authors show clearly that their results are representative not only of the demographic situation of the parishes from which the data were drawn, but also of the country as a whole. Some very surprising features of the behaviour of past populations are brought to light for the first time.
Phenomenology, Science and Geography
Authors: Pickles John
Published: September 2010

A work of outstanding originality and importance, which will become a cornerstone in the philosophy of geography, this book asks: What is human science? Is a truly human science of geography possible? What notions of spatiality adequately describe human spatial experience and behaviour? It sets out to answer these questions through a discussion of the nature of science in the human sciences, and, specifically, of the role of phenomenology in such inquiry. It criticises established understanding of phenomenology in these sciences, and demonstrates how they are integrally related to each other. The need for a reflective geography to accompany all empirical science is argued strongly. The discussion is organised into four parts: geography and traditional metaphysics; geography and phenomenology; phenomenology and the question of human science; and human science, worldhood and place. The author draws upon the works, of Husserl, Heidegger, Gadamer and Kockelmans in particular.
The Development of Design
Authors: Glegg Gordon L.
Published: September 2010

How to develop a bright idea and how to decide if an invention is worthy of development? That is the theme of this entertaining book, which presents its message in a way that can be readily understood by anyone from a student to a senior consultant. The book is academically respectable without being obscure. The inventor is taught to be inventive and a scheme of scoring is suggested for assessing the viability of a new idea. The author illustrates his points with vivid and sometimes hilarious examples. He presents a pattern of thinking that can be applied to almost every area of engineering innovation. The book is based on the author's experiences as a successful consulting engineer; he has been variously an inventor, designer, company director, production manager, adviser to merchant bankers, he has headed research organisations, has lectured on the subject at the University of Cambridge, and is a chartered engineer.
Influence of dietary modifications on the blood pressure response to antihypertensive medication
Authors: Huggins Catherine E. , Margerison Claire , Worsley Anthony , Nowson Caryl A.
Published: September 2010

Identifying dietary modifications that potentiate the blood pressure (BP)-lowering effects of antihypertensive medications and that are practical for free-living people may assist in achieving BP reduction goals. We assessed whether two dietary patterns were effective in lowering BP in persons on antihypertensive therapy and in those not on therapy. Ninety-four participants (38/56 females/males), aged 55·6 (sd 9·9) years, consumed two 4-week dietary regimens in random order (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-type diet and low-Na high-K (LNAHK) diet) with a control diet before each phase. Seated home BP was measured daily for the last 2 weeks in each phase. Participants were grouped based on antihypertensive drug therapy. The LNAHK diet produced a greater fall in systolic BP (SBP) in those on antihypertensive therapy ( − 6·2 (sd 6·0) mmHg) than in those not on antihypertensive therapy ( − 2·8 (sd 4·0) mmHg) (P = 0·036), and this was greatest for those on renin–angiotensin system (RAS) blocker therapy ( − 9·5 (sd 6·4) mmHg) (interaction P = 0·007). The fall in SBP on the DASH-type diet, in those on therapy (overall − 1·1 (sd 6·2) mmHg; renin–angiotensin blocker therapy − 4·2 (sd 4·7) mmHg), was not as marked as that observed on the LNAHK diet. Dietary modifications are an important part of all hypertension management regimens, and a low-Na and high-K diet enhances the BP-lowering effect of antihypertensive medications, particularly those targeting the RAS.
COMPUTATION OF THE GROTHENDIECK AND PICARD GROUPS OF A TORIC DM STACK BY USING A HOMOGENEOUS COORDINATE RING FOR
Authors: SMITH S. PAUL
Published: September 2010

We compute the Grothendieck and Picard groups of a smooth toric DM stack by using a suitable category of graded modules over a polynomial ring. The polynomial ring with a suitable grading and suitable irrelevant ideal functions is a homogeneous coordinate ring for the stack.
Modelling the evolutionary effects of a coastal marine reserve on different ecological guilds of fish
Authors: Miethe Tanja , Pitchford Jonathan W. , Dytham Calvin
Published: September 2010

Marine reserves are used as a management tool to ensure sustainability of fish stocks. Using an individual-based model, we compare the evolutionary effect of a reserve located on a nursery ground, spawning ground, feeding ground, or in a year-round habitat for sedentary species. We model the evolution of life-history traits, specifically size at maturation and site fidelity. Within species, individuals will differ in the time spent within a reserve depending on their patterns of movement and migration. We predict that the evolutionary effect of fishing depends not only on the survival probability but also on the life-history stages primarily affected by high harvest mortality. Protection against evolution to small maturation size is most effective where a reserve protects a sedentary population or protects the feeding grounds of a population. We also find that protection of the feeding ground of an anadromous stock such as Atlantic salmon may lead to local adaptation enhanced by evolution of higher site fidelity, similar to protection of a sedentary species.
Mucus composition and bacterial communities associated with the tissue and skeleton of three scleractinian corals maintained under culture conditions
Authors: Tremblay Pascale , Weinbauer Markus G. , Rottier Cécile , Guérardel Yann , Nozais Christian , Ferrier-Pagès Christine
Published: September 2010

Corals live in close association with bacterial communities, but the nature of the relationship is still poorly understood. In this study, three scleractinian coral species,Galaxea fascicularis, Pavona cactusandTurbinaria reniformiswere incubated under different laboratory conditions, and the composition of the bacterial community associated with their tissue or skeleton was compared between species or between species and seawater using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The amount of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) excreted and the mucus glycoconjugate composition were also determined for each species. The aim of the study was to assess if the bacterial community composition was species-specific or linked either to the seawater composition, or to the quality and quantity of carbon released by each coral. Results obtained showed that DOC release was significantly different (P< 0.0001) for the three species, with the highest excretion rate forG. fascicularis. Also, the mucus ofG. fascicularisandP. cactusmainly contained galactose and glucose whereas the mucus ofT. reniformiscontained more glucose and xylose. Cluster analyses of microbial community composition showed that the bacterial community was species-specific in the coral tissue but not in the skeleton, in all conditions. It remained specific when corals were incubated in the same or in different aquaria, and under different seawater renewal rates. Since DOC release rates and bacterial composition were both different according to the coral species considered, a link might be suggested between the two parameters. Sequencing of DGGE bands indicated that some bacterial phylotypes were consistently retrieved in all samples of a given species.
Home ranges of Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) (Cetacea: Delphinidae) in the Cananéia estuary, Brazil
Authors: Oshima Júlia Emi de Faria , Santos Marcos César de Oliveira , Bazzalo Mariel , Flores Paulo André de Carvalho , Pupim Fabiano do Nascimento
Published: September 2010

Home ranges of seven Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) (Van Bénéden, 1864) were studied in the Cananéia estuary (~25°03′S 47°55′W), south-eastern Brazil. Boat-based observations were conducted from May 2000 to July 2003 in ~132 km2 of protected inner waters. The photo-identification technique was used to follow naturally marked individuals through time and space. From a total of 138 catalogued individuals, five males and two females presented 20+ sightings and were used for home range estimation. Sightings were plotted and analysed in a Geographic Information System (GIS). With the ‘Home Range Tools’ extension the fixed kernel density estimator with band width (smoothing parameter) chosen via least squares cross-validation was performed for each individual. The fixed kernel method was used to estimate the non-parametric utility distribution of each dolphin, keeping band width (h) constant for a data set. The first polygons created by these parameters had an amoeboid shape and in some cases more than one centre of activity. The 95% home range estimated outlines varied from 1.6 to 22.9 km2 (7.9 ± 8.3 km2). This large interval shows strong evidences on individual variation in S. guianensis' home ranges. Several individuals showed small home ranges when compared to other cetacean species. An overlap of home ranges of different sizes and shapes were observed for Guiana dolphins with large range movements. Centres of activity were concentrated in the main entrance of the Cananéia estuary. This was a first attempt to understand the way S. guianensis uses the Cananéia estuary and such data are essential for conservation and management purposes.
Structure of novel exocrine glands in Calanus species with notes on their possible function
Authors: Nishida Shuhei , Nonomura Takumi
Published: September 2010

The structure of hitherto-unknown exocrine glands in the caudal rami of the pelagic copepods of the genus Calanus was investigated, together with the vertical, diel and seasonal variations in the occurrence of granules secreted from the glands. Zooplankton samples were collected in Sagami Bay by vertical tows of a net from 4 discrete layers at 250-m intervals in the upper 1000 m both day and night, with an additional seasonal sampling in the upper 200 m. The samples contained copepodids of Calanus sinicus (stages IV–VI), C. jashnovi (stages IV–V), and unidentified Calanus (stages I–III), which possessed the glands regardless of the developmental stage and sex. Each caudal ramus has an inner- and an outer gland each of which opens in a pore at the ventral base of a caudal seta. According to light microscopy the cavities of only the inner glands contained many transparent granules, some of which appeared to have been discharged to the environment. The granules were present regardless of day/night, depth, and season, with the maximum number of 52/copepod. The cells surrounding the inner cavity contained well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi-bodies, and secretory granules; the outer cavity contained granules of much lower density than those in the inner cavity. These observations rule out the possible functions of the glands for egg and sex pheromone production, and suggest most likely function is predator avoidance. However, neither has mechanical disturbance excited luminescence, nor has ultraviolet emission excited fluorescence, suggesting the secretion is non-luminescent. Alternative possible functions include secretion of defensive substances or substances that might enhance swarm formation. A survey of preserved copepod collections indicated presence of similar glands in Calanus helgolandicus, C. pacificus, Cosmocalanus darwinii, Mesocalanus tenuicornis, and Nannocalanus minor, suggesting evolution of the glands in the common ancestor of these species that comprise a monophyletic group within the Calanidae.
An approach to numerical simulation of the gas distribution in the atmosphere of Enceladus
Authors: Tenishev V. , Combi M. R. , Teolis B. D. , Waite J. H.
Published: September 2010

In addition to being the major source of neutral gas and dust particles for the Saturnian E‐ring and, ultimately, heavy ions for the Saturnian inner magnetosphere, Enceladus exhibits geological activity that has made it an object of recent intensive study. The interest has significantly increased after Cassini flybys in 2005 provided a detailed map of its surface, showing that most of its activity occurs in a region around the south pole of the satellite. Dust jets that were discovered during the flybys can be related to a set of localized gas sources that dominate the supply of material into the rarefied atmosphere of Enceladus. A comprehensive data analysis involves developing physical models that include all major processes occurring in the atmosphere. Such models can be used not only for calibration and understanding of data already available, but also could have a practical application for planning upcoming flybys. This work presents the results of the development and application of a kinetic model of the Enceladus' atmosphere consisting of a gas described in terms of its distribution function. The paper describes the basic principles of the model and gives a comparison with the observational data obtained with Cassini instruments.
Factors Influencing AAC Usage by Individuals With Aphasia
Authors: Purdy Mary , Dietz Aimee
Published: September 2010

Instructing individuals with aphasia in the usage of AAC strategies and devices is a challenging endeavor. Not only does this population present with a wide range of linguistic impairments, but many individuals also demonstrate cognitive deficits, which may adversely affect communication. This paper will summarize the wide variety of cognitive deficits demonstrated by individuals with aphasia, specifically attention, memory and executive functioning problems. In addition, we will review the impact of these cognitive impairments on communicative competence. Finally, we will discuss an intervention, the Multimodality Communication Training Program (MCTP), designed to address the cognitive impairments that influence AAC intervention.
The Poisson geometry of SU(1,1)
Authors: Foth Philip , Lamb McKenzie
Published: September 2010

We study the natural Poisson structure on the group SU(1,1) and related questions. In particular, we give an explicit description of the Ginzburg–Weinstein isomorphism for the sets of admissible elements. We also establish an analog of Thompson’s conjecture for this group.
Infrared study of glycolaldehyde isolated in parahydrogen matrix
Authors: Ceponkus Justinas , Chin Wutharath , Chevalier Michèle , Broquier Michel , Limongi André , Crépin Claudine
Published: September 2010

The infrared spectrum of glycolaldehyde sugar model in solid parahydrogen is reported and interpreted in the light of ab initio anharmonic frequency calculations. The advantages of parahydrogen lead to a simplification of its infrared spectroscopy compared to other conventional matrices. Surprisingly, the sugar molecule is found to display an unexpected large bandwidth compared to the smaller organic molecules studied in parahydrogen so far. Among them, only glycolaldehyde possesses an internal hydrogen-bond. Band broadening in glycolaldehyde is interpreted as originating mainly from the presence of the hydrogen-bond and to a lesser extent from clustering with oH2 impurities.
On a conjecture about Dirac’s delta representation using q-exponentials
Authors: Chevreuil A. , Plastino A. , Vignat C.
Published: September 2010

A new representation of Dirac’s delta distribution, based on the so-called q-exponentials, has been recently conjectured. We prove here that this conjecture is indeed valid.
Design of a Rayleigh–Taylor experiment to measure strength at high pressures
Authors: Mikaelian Karnig O.
Published: September 2010

We present a design to measure the strength of a metal at very high pressures using the Rayleigh–Taylor instability. The target consists of a metal foil behind a tamper and an ablator, driven by soft x rays generated in a hohlraum at the Nation Ignition Facility or Laser Megajoule. Since ignition capsules and strength targets both call for quasiadiabatic drives, we use the early, 0–16 ns, part of the ignition pulse to drive an almost-10-Mb strength experiment. We also discuss variations on how initial perturbations may be placed at the metal/tamper interface, resulting in a high-pressure microindentation technique. We illustrate the time-evolution of perturbations under various assumptions concerning tantalum strength.
Self-repairing in single-walled carbon nanotubes by heat treatment
Authors: Jiang Jin-Wu , Wang Jian-Sheng
Published: September 2010

Structure transformation by heat treatment in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) is investigated using molecular dynamics simulation. The critical temperature for the collapse of pure SWCNT is as high as 4655 K due to strong covalent carbon–carbon bonding. Above 2000 K, the cross section of SWCNT changes from circle to ellipse. The self-repairing capability is then investigated and two efficient processes are observed for the SWCNT to repair themselves. (1) In the first mechanism, vacancy defects aggregate to form a bigger hole, and a bottleneck junction is constructed nearby. (2) In the second mechanism, a local curvature is generated around the isolate vacancy to smooth the SWCNT. Benefit from the powerful self-repairing capability, defective SWCNT can seek a stable configuration at high temperatures; thus the critical temperature for collapse is insensitive to the vacancy defect density.
Revised hole injection mechanism of a thin LiF layer introduced between pentacene and an indium tin oxide anode
Authors: Kim Hyun Sung , Lee Hyunbok , Jeon Pyung Eun , Jeong Kwangho , Lee Jung Han , Yi Yeonjin
Published: September 2010

Hole injection enhancement has been reported for organic thin-film transistors and light-emitting diodes at the indium tin oxide (ITO) anode side by introducing a LiF layer, which is usually used as an electron injection layer at the cathode side to reduce the electron injection barrier. We report a revised mechanism for the hole injection enhancement by studying a prototype interface of pentacene/LiF/ITO anode. Upon deposition of LiF on ITO, the work function of ITO decreases, and energy level realignment occurs between the pentacene and ITO. The hole injection barrier from the ITO to the pentacene highest occupied molecular orbital increases significantly with LiF insertion. Thus, the reduction in the hole injection barrier is not a critical factor for the hole injection enhancement. We suggest that a LiF insulating buffer layer enhances both injection barriers and tunneling through the barrier when a bias is applied.