bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparison of random and periodic marine simultaneous-source encoding
Authors: Halliday David F. , Moore Ian
Published: June 2018

Separation algorithms for marine simultaneous-source data generally require encoded sources. Proposed encoding schemes include random time delays (time dithers), periodic time sequences (such as those referred to as seismic apparition), and periodic phase sequences (for sources with fully controlled phase like a marine vibrator). At a given frequency, time dithers spread energy at a given wavenumber over all wavenumbers, phase sequences shift the energy by a fixed wavenumber (independent of frequency), and time sequences split energy over multiple wavenumbers in a frequency-dependent way. The way the encoding scheme distributes energy in the wavenumber domain is important because separation algorithms generally assume that, in the absence of encoding, all energy falls into the signal cone. Time dithering allows separation by inversion. At low frequencies, the inverse problem is overdetermined and easily solved. At higher frequencies, sparse inversion works well, provided the data exhibit a sufficiently sparse representation (consistent with compressive sensing theory). Phase sequencing naturally separates the sources in the wavenumber domain at low frequencies. At higher frequencies, ambiguities must be resolved using assumptions such as limited dispersion and limited complexity. Time sequencing allows a simple separation at low frequencies based on a scaling and subtraction process in the wavenumber domain. However, the scaling becomes unstable near notch frequencies, including DC. At higher frequencies, a similar problem to that for phase sequencing must be solved. The encoding schemes, therefore, have similar overall properties and require similar assumptions, but differ in some potentially important details. Phase sequencing is clearly only applicable to phase-controllable sources, and the different encoding schemes have other implications for data acquisition, for example, with respect to operational complexity, efficiency, spatial sampling, and tolerance to errors.
Remission of depression in patients with schizophrenia and comorbid major depressive disorder: results from the FACE-SZ cohort
Authors: Fond Guillaume , Boyer Laurent , Berna Fabrice , Godin Ophélia , Bulzacka Ewa , Andrianarisoa Méja , Brunel Lore , Aouizerate Bruno , Capdevielle Delphine , Chereau Isabelle , Coulon Nathalie , D'Amato Thierry , Dubertret Caroline , Dubreucq Julien , Faget Catherine , Leignier Sylvain , Lançon Christophe , Mallet Jasmina , Misdrahi David , Passerieux Christine , Rey Romain , Schandrin Aurélie , Urbach Mathieu , Vidailhet Pierre , Leboyer Marion , Schürhoff Franck , Llorca Pierre-Michel ,   the FACE-SZ (FondaMental Academic Centers of Expertise for Schizophrenia) group
Published: June 2018

Background

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is underdiagnosed and undertreated in schizophrenia, and has been strongly associated with impaired quality of life.

Aims

To determine the prevalence and associated factors of MDD and unremitted MDD in schizophrenia, to compare treated and non-treated MDD.

Method

Participants were included in the FondaMental Expert Centers for Schizophrenia and received a thorough clinical assessment. MDD was defined by a Calgary score ≥6. Non-remitted MDD was defined by current antidepressant treatment (unchanged for >8 weeks) and current Calgary score ≥6.

Results

613 patients were included and 175 (28.5%) were identified with current MDD. MDD has been significantly associated with respectively paranoid delusion (odds ratio 1.8; P = 0.01), avolition (odds ratio 1.8; P = 0.02), blunted affect (odds ratio 1.7; P = 0.04) and benzodiazepine consumption (odds ratio 1.8; P = 0.02). Antidepressants were associated with lower depressive symptoms score (5.4 v. 9.5; P < 0.0001); however, 44.1% of treated patients remained in non-remittance MDD. Nonremitters were found to have more paranoid delusion (odds ratio 2.3; P = 0.009) and more current alcohol misuse disorder (odds ratio 4.8; P = 0.04). No antidepressant class or specific antipsychotic were associated with higher or lower response to antidepressant treatment. MDD was associated with Metabolic syndrome (31.4 v. 20.2%; P = 0.006) but not with increased C-reactive protein.

Conclusions

Antidepressant administration is associated with lower depressive symptom level in patients with schizophrenia and MDD. Paranoid delusions and alcohol misuse disorder should be specifically explored and treated in cases of non-remission under treatment. MetS may play a role in MDD onset and/or maintenance in patients with schizophrenia.

Declaration of interest

None.
Reproductive Function and Outcomes in Female Survivors of Childhood, Adolescent, and Young Adult Cancer: A Review
Authors: van Dorp Wendy , Haupt Riccardo , Anderson Richard A. , Mulder Renee L. , van den Heuvel-Eibrink Marry M. , van Dulmen-den Broeder Eline , Su H. Irene , Winther Jeanette F. , Hudson Melissa M. , Levine Jennifer M. , Wallace W. Hamish
Published: June 2018

Some survivors of childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancer are at increased risk of gonadal dysfunction and adverse pregnancy outcomes. We reviewed currently available literature that evaluated reproductive function and pregnancy outcomes of female cancer survivors diagnosed before the age of 25 years. High-dose alkylating agent chemotherapy and abdominal/pelvic radiotherapy adversely affect gonadal function in a dose-related fashion, with older age at exposure conferring greater risk as a result of the age-related decline in ovarian reserve. Gonadal injury clinically manifests as ovarian hormone insufficiency (delayed or arrested puberty, premature ovarian insufficiency, or premature menopause) and infertility. The effect of molecular-targeted agents on ovarian function has not been established. For female cancer survivors who maintain fertility, overall pregnancy (relative risk, 0.67 to 0.81) and live birth rates (hazard ratio, 0.79 to 0.82) are lower than those in the general public. Pregnancy in cancer survivors also may be associated with risks to both the mother and the fetus related to miscarriage; preterm birth; and, rarely, cardiomyopathy. Women at risk for these complications require preconception assessment and counseling from both obstetricians and oncology providers. The risk for inherited genetic disease in offspring conceived after cancer treatment exposure is not increased. The optimization of reproductive outcomes and minimization of risks of pregnancy complications in survivors requires informed, risk-based assessment and monitoring.
Cardiovascular Disease in Survivors of Childhood Cancer: Insights Into Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Prevention
Authors: Armenian Saro H. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Aune Gregory , Chow Eric J. , Ehrhardt Matthew J. , Ky Bonnie , Moslehi Javid , Mulrooney Daniel A. , Nathan Paul C. , Ryan Thomas D. , van der Pal Helena J. , van Dalen Elvira C. , Kremer Leontien C.M.
Published: June 2018

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), which includes cardiomyopathy/heart failure, coronary artery disease, stroke, pericardial disease, arrhythmias, and valvular and vascular dysfunction, is a major concern for long-term survivors of childhood cancer. There is clear evidence of increased risk of CVD largely attributable to treatment exposures at a young age, most notably anthracycline chemotherapy and chest-directed radiation therapy, and compounded by traditional cardiovascular risk factors accrued during decades after treatment exposure. Preclinical studies are limited; thus, it is a high priority to understand the pathophysiology of CVD as a result of anticancer treatments, taking into consideration the growing and developing heart. Recently developed personalized risk prediction models can provide decision support before initiation of anticancer therapy or facilitate implementation of screening strategies in at-risk survivors of cancer. Although consensus-based screening guidelines exist for the application of blood and imaging biomarkers of CVD, the most appropriate timing and frequency of these measures in survivors of childhood cancer are not yet fully elucidated. Longitudinal studies are needed to characterize the prognostic importance of subclinical markers of cardiovascular injury on long-term CVD risk. A number of prevention trials across the survivorship spectrum are under way, which include primary prevention (before or during cancer treatment), secondary prevention (after completion of treatment), and integrated approaches to manage modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. Ongoing multidisciplinary collaborations between the oncology, cardiology, primary care, and other subspecialty communities are essential to reduce therapeutic exposures and improve surveillance, prevention, and treatment of CVD in this high-risk population.
Financial Hardship and the Economic Effect of Childhood Cancer Survivorship
Authors: Nathan Paul C. , Henderson Tara O. , Kirchhoff Anne C. , Park Elyse R. , Yabroff K. Robin
Published: June 2018

In addition to the long-term physical and psychological sequelae of cancer therapy, adult survivors of childhood cancer are at an elevated risk for financial hardship. Financial hardship can have material, psychological, and behavioral effects, including high out-of-pocket medical costs, asset depletion and debt, limitations in or inability to work, job lock, elevated stress and worry, and a delaying or forgoing of medical care because of cost. Most financial hardship research has been conducted in survivors of adult cancers. The few studies focused on childhood cancer survivors have shown that these individuals are at elevated risk for having difficulties with affording needed health care and report high out-of-pocket medical expenses, difficulty with paying medical bills, or consideration of filing for bankruptcy. Childhood cancer survivors are more likely to be unable to work or to have missed work because of poor health. They are more likely to report difficulties with obtaining insurance coverage and rely more frequently on government-sponsored insurance. Globally, countries able to provide curative cancer therapies have witnessed a growing population of survivors, which places a burden on their health care systems because survivors are more likely to require hospitalization and experience a higher burden of chronic illness than the general population. Guidelines for surveillance for late effects are intended to reduce the burden of morbidity, but research is needed to determine whether such surveillance is cost effective. Of note, risk-based survivor care should include routine surveillance for financial hardship. Improved measures of financial hardship, enhanced data infrastructure, and research studies to identify survivors and families most vulnerable to financial hardship and adverse health outcomes will inform the development of targeted programs to serve as a safety net for those at greatest risk.
New Agents, Emerging Late Effects, and the Development of Precision Survivorship
Authors: Chow Eric J. , Antal Zoltan , Constine Louis S. , Gardner Rebecca , Wallace W. Hamish , Weil Brent R. , Yeh Jennifer M. , Fox Elizabeth
Published: June 2018

Incremental improvements in the treatment of children and adolescents with cancer have led to 5-year survival rates reaching nearly 85%. In the past decade, impressive progress has been made in understanding the biology of many pediatric cancers. With that understanding, multiple new agents have become available that offer the promise of more-effective and less-toxic treatment. These include agents that target various cell surface antigens and engage the adaptive immune system, as well as those that interfere with key signaling pathways involved in tumor development and growth. For local control, surgery and radiation techniques also have evolved, becoming less invasive or featuring new techniques and particles that more precisely target the tumor and limit the dose to normal tissue. Nevertheless, targeted agents, like conventional chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery, may have off-target effects and deserve long-term follow-up of their safety and efficacy. These include injury to the endocrine, cardiovascular, and immunologic systems. New radiation and surgical techniques that theoretically reduce morbidity and improve long-term quality of life must also be validated with actual patient outcomes. Finally, with advances in genomics, information on host susceptibility to late effects is beginning to emerge. Such knowledge, coupled with improved metrics that better describe the spectrum of potential late effects across the entire lifespan, can lead to the development of decision models that project the potential long-term health outcomes associated with various treatment and follow-up strategies. These developments will help extend the current focus on precision medicine to precision survivorship, where clinicians, patients, and families will have a better grasp of the potential risks, benefits, and tradeoffs associated with the growing number of cancer treatment options.
Psychological Symptoms, Social Outcomes, Socioeconomic Attainment, and Health Behaviors Among Survivors of Childhood Cancer: Current State of the Literature
Authors: Brinkman Tara M. , Recklitis Christopher J. , Michel Gisela , Grootenhuis Martha A. , Klosky James L.
Published: June 2018

The diagnosis, treatment, and medical late effects of childhood cancer may alter the psychosocial trajectory of survivors across their life course. This review of the literature focuses on mental health symptoms, achievement of social milestones, socioeconomic attainment, and risky health behaviors in survivors of childhood cancer. Results suggest that although most survivors are psychologically well adjusted, survivors are at risk for anxiety and depression compared with siblings. Although the absolute risk of suicide ideation and post-traumatic stress symptoms is low, adult survivors are at increased risk compared with controls. Moreover, young adult survivors are at risk for delayed psychosexual development, lower rates of marriage or cohabitation, and nonindependent living. Survivors’ socioeconomic attainment also is reduced, with fewer survivors graduating college and gaining full-time employment. Despite risk for late health-related complications, survivors of childhood cancer generally engage in risky health behaviors at rates similar to or only slightly lower than siblings and peers. CNS tumors and CNS-directed therapies are salient risk factors for poor psychosocial outcomes. In addition, physical health morbidities resulting from cancer-directed therapies are associated with worse psychosocial functioning. Several studies support the effectiveness of cognitive and behavioral interventions to treat psychological symptoms as well as to modify health behaviors. Additional randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy and long-term outcomes of intervention efforts. Future research should focus on the identification of potential genetic predispositions related to psychosocial outcomes to provide opportunities for preventive interventions among survivors of childhood cancer.
From the Tricontinental to the Global South
Authors: Mahler Anne Garland
Published: June 2018

In From the Tricontinental to the Global South Anne Garland Mahler traces the history and intellectual legacy of the understudied global justice movement called the Tricontinental—an alliance of liberation struggles from eighty-two countries, founded in Havana in 1966. Focusing on racial violence and inequality, the Tricontinental's critique of global capitalist exploitation has influenced historical radical thought, contemporary social movements such as the World Social Forum and Black Lives Matter, and a Global South political imaginary. The movement's discourse, which circulated in four languages, also found its way into radical artistic practices, like Cuban revolutionary film and Nuyorican literature. While recent social movements have revived Tricontinentalism's ideologies and aesthetics, they have largely abandoned its roots in black internationalism and its contribution to a global struggle for racial justice. In response to this fractured appropriation of Tricontinentalism, Mahler ultimately argues that a renewed engagement with black internationalist thought could be vital to the future of transnational political resistance.
Edges of Exposure
Authors: Tousignant Noémi
Published: June 2018

In the industrialized nations of the global North, well-funded agencies like the CDC attend to citizens' health, monitoring and treating for toxic poisons like lead. How do the under-resourced nations of the global South meet such challenges? In Edges of Exposure, Noémi Tousignant traces the work of toxicologists in Senegal as they have sought to warn of and remediate the presence of heavy metals and other poisons in their communities. Situating recent toxic scandals within histories of science and regulation in postcolonial Africa, Tousignant shows how decolonization and structural adjustment have impacted toxicity and toxicology research. Ultimately, as Tousignant reveals, scientists' capacity to conduct research—as determined by material working conditions, levels of public investment, and their creative but not always successful efforts to make visible the harm of toxic poisons—affects their ability to keep equipment, labs, projects, and careers going.
Problems of Identifying Dose – Effect Dependence for Radiation Carcinogenesis
Authors: Демин В. , Demin V. , Бирюков А. , Biryukov A. , Забелин М. , Zabelin M. , Соловьев В. , Solov'ev V.
Published: June 2018

Purpose: Analysis of actual unresolved problems in the field of radiation epidemiology associated with establishing the dose–effect relationship (DER). Material and methods: The problem of establishing DER for ionizing radiation (IR) for the prognostic risk assessment based on the results of the performed biological and epidemiological studies is considered. The main characteristics of the cohorts, on which the epidemiological study (ES) was conducted, were analyzed. An algorithm is proposed for analyzing the statistical power of a real cohort in the plane with parameters accumulated dose – cohort strength, adjusted for the average duration of the cohort monitoring. Results: It is shown that among all the analyzed cohorts the following ones respond the criterion of lifetime detection of radiation solid cancers with the 95 % confidence: the victims of the atomic bombing of Japanese cities (LSS), personnel of the Mayak Plant, members of the Branch Medical Dosimetric Register (BMDR). Limitation of the observation period to 30 year dramatically reduces the statistical power of the ES observed effects. Overcoming of existing problems and improvement of quantitative presentation of the DER for IR can be achieved by a joint analysis of the results of already performed ES and (or) possible future ES. In this regard, it is very promising to carry out ES on the cohort of the Mayak personnel or BMDR as a whole. Conclusion: When planning new ESs and joint analyzes, the purpose of which is to improve our knowledge of DER in the required form and quality, one should proceed from the following provisions: – it is necessary to set the task for ES and, accordingly, for the construction of the DER model as a function of an age of exposure and an age of the oncological disease for a single exposure, taking into account the strict mathematical relationship between such dependencies of DER for single and extended impacts; – at the initial stage of the ES it is necessary, with the proposed algorithm, to verify the possibility of a statistical justification of the expected ES results. Averaged DER over the age of exposure is little suitable for predictive and comparative risk assessment.
Improving Consumer Welfare and Manufacturer Profit via Government Subsidy Programs: Subsidizing Consumers or Manufacturers?
Authors: Yu Jiayi Joey , Tang Christopher S. , Shen Zuo-Jun Max
Published: June 2018

Most consumers in rural areas of many developing countries cannot afford to purchase certain livelihood improvement products such as home appliances. To improve consumer welfare and manufacturer profit, many governments launch different types of subsidy programs that offer subsidies to consumers, manufacturers, or both. Motivated by a subsidy program developed by the Chinese government in 2007, we present a parsimonious model to determine the optimal subsidy program in different settings so as to gain a better understanding about the conditions under which it is optimal for the government to subsidize consumers only, manufacturers only, or both. Our analysis reveals that the structure of the optimal subsidy program depends on (a) whether there is a well-established market selling price for the products; and (b) the relative emphasis that the government places on consumer welfare versus manufacturer profit. Also, we find that governments can improve consumer welfare by developing subsidy programs that involve multiple (competing) manufacturers with different market sizes and adequate capacities. Our findings provide insights for developing effective government subsidy programs.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2017.0684 .
A Sociopolitical Perspective on Employee Innovativeness and Job Performance: The Role of Political Skill and Network Structure
Authors: Grosser Travis J. , Obstfeld David , Choi Emily W. , Woehler Meredith , Lopez-Kidwell Virginie , Labianca Giuseppe (Joe) , Borgatti Stephen P.
Published: June 2018

We adopt a sociopolitical perspective to examine how an employee’s political skill works in conjunction with social network structure to relate to the employee’s innovation involvement and job performance. We find that employee innovation involvement mediates the relationship between political skill and job performance and that the number of structural holes employees have in their social network strengthens the positive relationship between political skill and employee innovation involvement. Hypotheses were tested in a large microprocessor manufacturing firm using a sample of 113 employees responsible for generating technological innovations in support of the development of computer microchips. The results of a constructive replication study among medical professionals provide substantial support for our model. This study’s contribution is in showing that political skill both leads to innovation involvement and enables employees to take advantage of the innovation-enhancing potential of certain social network positions.
Homophily and Individual Performance
Authors: Ertug Gokhan , Gargiulo Martin , Galunic Charles , Zou Tengjian
Published: June 2018

We study the relationship between choice homophily in instrumental relationships and individual performance in knowledge-intensive organizations. Although homophily should make it easier for people to get access to some colleagues, it may also lead to neglecting relationships with other colleagues, reducing the diversity of information people access through their network. Using data on instrumental ties between bonus-eligible employees in the equity sales and trading division of a global investment bank, we show that the relationship between an employee’s choice of similar colleagues and the employee’s performance is contingent on the position this employee occupies in the formal and informal hierarchy of the bank. More specifically, homophily is negatively associated with performance for bankers in the higher levels of the formal and informal hierarchy whereas the association is either positive or nonexistent for lower hierarchical levels.
Mandatory reporting of female genital mutilation in children in the UK
Authors: Malik Yusuf , Rowland Andrew , Gerry Felicity , Phipps Fiona MacVane
Published: June 2018

Background

While female genital mutilation (FGM) has been illegal in the UK since 1985, research estimated that in 2015 there were over 100 000 women and girls resident in the UK subjected to FGM.

Aims

To determine the effect of changes in the legislation of 2015, which made reporting of FGM in girls under 18 mandatory.

Methods

Freedom of Information requests were sent to all 45 UK police authorities, asking the number of cases of FGM reported between specific dates, victims' ages, the occupation of the person reporting and the age and gender breakdown of the police force. Similar requests were sent to health and social care organisations.

Findings

Of 45 police authorities in the UK, six initially responded, with three stating that no cases of FGM had been reported. The remaining police authorities either provided partial information or declined the request. However, other sources indicated over 6000 reported cases between October 2014 and October 2015.

Conclusions

The ability of frontline professionals and policymakers to obtain, interpret and use data is affected by the secrecy that surrounds FGM, the complexities of investigation and the absence of a significant numbers of prosecutions.
Postpartum physical activity and sleep levels in overweight, obese and normal-weight mothers
Authors: Warehime Shane , Dinkel Danae , Snyder Kailey , Lee Jung-Min
Published: June 2018

Background

Lack of physical activity and sleep can lead to serious health consequences. One population likely to experience both of these issues is postpartum mothers.

Aim

To compare physical activity and sleep of overweight/obese and normal weight postpartum mothers.

Methods

The study recruited 21 mothers in the first 6 months postpartum, who were classified as normal weight or overweight. Activity and sleep levels were gathered via wrist-worn accelerometers at three intervals between 3–6 months postpartum.

Findings

Overall, there was a significant (P<0.05) increase in physical activity. When separated by body mass index (BMI) classification, the ‘normal weight’ group displayed a significant increase in physical activity, while the ‘overweight/obese’ group did not. Normal-weight participants also had the larger increase in physical activity from visit two to three. All participants significantly decreased in sleep levels from visit two to three.

Conclusions

Discrepancies appeared between the physical activity of overweight/obese and normal-weight mothers. Interventions before and after pregnancy may be key in improving these issues.
CPD and revalidation: Theory, practice and lessons from teachers
Authors: Power Alison , Underwood James
Published: June 2018

As part of the revalidation process, midwives are required to undertake 35 hours of continuing professional development (CPD), of which 20 must be ‘participatory’. Participatory learning includes any learning activity that involves interaction with other people, providing the opportunity to learn with and from each other. Participation can take place face-to-face such as attendance at a study day or conference; or virtually, such as an online discussion group using a social media platform. As oposed to a didactic methods, a participatory approach to ongoing professional development is more likely to lead to positive changes in practice and thus better levels of care. This article will look at the theory of CPD and compare CPD activities of midwives and teachers to consider how ‘teacher research’ might be adopted by midwives, with the potential for service improvement and better quality of care as a consequence.
Foot and ankle deformities in children with down syndrome
Authors: Perotti L. R. , Abousamra O. , del Pilar Duque Orozco M. , Rogers K. J. , Sees J. P. , Miller F.
Published: June 2018

Purpose

Foot and ankle deformities are common orthopaedic disorders in children with Down syndrome. However, radiographic measurements of the foot and ankle have not been previously reported. The aim of this study is to describe the foot and ankle deformity in children with Down syndrome.

Methods

Children who had foot and ankle radiographs in the standing weight-bearing position were selected. Three groups of patients were identified. The relationship of radiographic measurements with age, body mass index and pain is discussed. In all, 41 children (79 feet) had foot radiographs and 60 children (117 ankles) had ankle radiographs, with 15 children overlapping between Groups I and II.

Results

In Group I, hallux valgus deformity was seen before ten years of age and hallux valgus angle increased afterwards. Metatarsus adductus angle showed a significant increase (p = 0.006) with obesity and was higher in patients who had foot pain (p = 0.05). In Group II, none of the ankle measurements showed a significant difference with age or body mass index percentiles. Tibiotalar angle (TTA) and medial distal tibial angle (MDTA) were higher in patients who had ankle pain. In Group III, correlation analysis was performed between the different measurements with the strongest correlations found between TTA and MDTA.

Conclusion

In children with Down syndrome, radiographic evaluation of the foot and ankle reveals higher prevalence of deformities than clinical examination. However, foot and ankle radiographs are needed only for symptomatic children with pain and gait changes.

Level of Evidence

Level IV - Prognostic Study
Clinical Assay for AFP-L3 by Using Multiple Reaction Monitoring–Mass Spectrometry for Diagnosing Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Kim Hyunsoo , Sohn Areum , Yeo Injoon , Yu Su Jong , Yoon Jung-Hwan , Kim Youngsoo
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND

Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of α-fetoprotein (AFP-L3) is a serum biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). AFP-L3 is typically measured by liquid-phase binding assay (LiBA). However, LiBA does not always reflect AFP-L3 concentrations because of its low analytical sensitivity. Thus, we aimed to develop an analytically sensitive multiple reaction monitoring–mass spectrometry (MRM-MS) assay to quantify AFP-L3 in serum.

METHODS

The assay entailed the addition of a stable isotope-labeled internal standard protein analog, the enrichment of AFP using a monoclonal antibody, the fractionation of AFP-L3 using L. culinaris agglutinin lectin, deglycosylation, trypsin digestion, online desalting, and MRM-MS analysis. The performance of the MRM-MS assay was compared with that of LiBA in 400 human serum samples (100 chronic hepatitis, 100 liver cirrhosis, and 200 HCC). Integrated multinational guidelines were followed to validate the assay for clinical implementation.

RESULTS

The lower limit of quantification of the MRM-MS assay (0.051 ng/mL) for AFP-L3 was less than that of LiBA (0.300 ng/mL). Thus, AFP-L3, which was not observed by LiBA in HCC samples (n = 39), was detected by the MRM-MS assay, improving the clinical value of AFP-L3 as a biomarker by switching to a more analytical sensitive platform. The method was validated, meeting all the criteria in integrated multinational guidelines.

CONCLUSIONS

Because of the lower incidence of false-negative findings, the MRM-MS assay is more suitable than LiBA for early detection of HCC.
‘Wish you were here’: Contemporary views of the Outer Hebrides
Authors: Jaramillo George S.
Published: June 2018

The idealized image of the Outer Hebrides includes wind-swept beaches, isolated peat-covered moors and craggy mountain cliff tops abounding with wildlife. These images are reproduced in countless tourist postcards and websites to entice visitors to visit, explore and of course spend their money on the islands. At the same time, these images create a certain ‘expectation’ of the islands that not only promotes a particular ‘way of seeing’ the landscape but perpetuates a dominant narrative of the ‘wild’ wind-swept islands. This visual project challenges these notions of ‘nature’, wilderness and folk heritage by accepting alternative and ‘minor histories’ of the landscapes. In a subversive nod to the travel postcard, this article explores contemporary issues of island life and landscape through unconventional illustrations of island postcards by its residents and the author. These postcards are themed around contemporary Hebridean issues including isolation, community, landscape and family. The project contemplates an innovative approach to illustration, as ethnographer and critical tourist. Therefore, looking at the fragmentary constellation of images made about the islands that challenges the notion of a ‘wild’ romantic island place, and offering insight into how identity, place and heritage are developed within the region.
Dos cartórios da Ordem Beneditina ao Real Archivo da Torre do Tombo: o périplo de Frei Francisco de São Luís Saraiva
Authors: Freitas Cristiana Vieira
Published: June 2018

Este artigo aborda a veia bibliófila de Frei Francisco de São Luís Saraiva evidenciada desde o seu ingresso na Ordem Beneditina, com apenas 14 anos de idade, e o seu percurso pelas bibliotecas e arquivos da Ordem enquanto visitador e cartorário até à sua nomeação para Guarda-Mor do Real Arquivo da Torre do Tombo. Essa vivência, bem como seu o gosto pela investigação histórica, tendo por base os documentos dos arquivos monásticos, permitiu-lhe conhecer o estado em que se encontravam esses arquivos o que o levou a manifestar uma preocupação constante com as instalações, a conservação e o “arranjo” dos documentos.
[Recensão a] YOUNG, Francis (2016) – A history of exorcism in Catholic Christianity.
Authors: Sartin Philippe Delfino
Published: June 2018

https://doi.org/10.14195/2182-7974_31_1_8
Validez de la publicidad como recurso en la Educación Ambiental
Authors: Megías-Delgado Mario , Baldallo-González Carmen , Maraver-López Pablo
Published: June 2018

La Educación Ambiental es considerada como una educación integral para todas las personas en un ámbito que comprende todos los contextos de la vida. En nuestra sociedad, existe una gran variedad de materiales y recursos con los que se puede desarrollar una Educación Ambiental para que resulte cercana y útil al alumnado en su día a día. Pero no todos los recursos con los que se cuentan son válidos o se utilizan correctamente. Por este motivo, la presente investigación trata de comprobar la validez de la publicidad que se muestra en televisión como recurso dentro de la Educación Ambiental. Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo un análisis exhaustivo de la publicidad actual que se muestra a menores en televisión. Así, se ha utilizado una metodología observacional complementada con diversos instrumentos de medida. A través del análisis observacional y con los resultados del cuestionario recogido en un entorno ambiental como la granja-escuela Huerto Alegre, se ha intentado averiguar si con la publicidad de corte ambiental se siguen los principios de la educación ambiental o, si por el contrario, solo se busca vender unos determinados productos catalogados como “verdes”.
Combination of medullary thyroid cancer and renal cell carcinoma in one patient
Authors: Dolinskaya Yuliya A. , Shevchenko Sergey P. , Maksimov Vladimir N. , Voropaeva Elena N. , Rymar Oksana D.
Published: June 2018

Patients who received treatment for the first malignant neoplasm remain in the group at increased risk of developing a second primary tumor throughout their later life. A rare case of medullary thyroid cancer and renal cell carcinoma of the kidney is described in one patient. Medullary thyroid cancer is an orphan disease. The patient and his first-line relatives underwent molecular-genetic testing, the presence of a hereditary form of medullary cancer was excluded. During the observation, malignant kidney formation was detected, and surgical treatment was performed. The patient because of treatment and surveillance does not have data for the progression of thyroid cancer and kidney cancer, compensation for concomitant diseases has been achieved. When observing patients with medullary thyroid cancer, it is necessary to use the existing modern diagnostic arsenal, including positron emission tomography, since patients remain in the group at increased risk of disease progression and development of the second tumor throughout the entire subsequent life. In addition, this case clearly illustrates the need for a routine study of calcitonin as a diagnostic marker for the progression of medullary thyroid cancer.
Una aproximación al realismo de Xavier Zubiri
Authors: Brussino Silvia
Published: June 2018

Este trabajo constituye una reflexión en torno a la idea de realidad en X. Zubiri. La obra de este pensador se edifica en estrecho diálogo con la metafísica occidental; pero lo que está a la base de este diálogo es una nueva idea de realidad, con lo que queda intrínsecamente modificado el contenido mismo de la metafísica.Hemos ordenado nuestra exposición en dos pasos:1- La realidad como carácter físico de las cosas.El concepto de realidad queda determinado para Zubiri por la actuación “física” de unas cosas sobre otras. Físico y real son sinónimos en el sentido de contrapuestos a intencional o conceptivo.2- La realidad como carácter formal de lo aprehendido en impresiónEn este punto se articulan dos temas nucleares de la filosofía zubiriana: realidad e intelección sentiente, que conforman una estructura unitaria. Para Zubiri, la intelección no es acto de una facultad ni de una conciencia, sino que es en sí misma un acto de aprehensión, que como tal pertenece también al sentir. En el hombre, lo aprehendido en impresión queda “desde sí mismo” como siendo ya algo “de suyo” o “en propio” (en el sentido desarrollado en el punto 1).
Verdad y diálogo
Authors: De Zan Julio
Published: June 2018

El manifiesto predominio del punto de vista puramente semántico que ha caracterizado al paradigma antiguo de la filosofía del lenguaje, por lo menos desde Aristóteles hasta la Filosofía analítica contemporánea, ha radicado la cuestión de la verdad en la función enunciativa o representativa de las proposiciones, produciendo un completo oscurecimiento del problema de la constitución misma de los significados intersubjetivos y de la tematización de la verdad o de las pretensiones de validez, que solamente son posibles en lacomunicación y el discurso argumentativo. Aquí se expone la crítica de aquel paradigma y se reconstruye el sentido de la verdad como una pretensión de validez que se realiza en el diálogo.
Fenomenología de la existencia social y educación
Authors: Tealdi Carlos
Published: June 2018

1. El redescubrimiento del carácter social de la existencia humana constituye uno de los rasgos fundamentales de nuestra época. El hombre es un ser social en todo. Esto no excluye, sin embargo, la dimensión personal, autónoma de la existencia.2. La acentuación de la socialidad constitutiva del hombre condujo a la ideologíadel determinismo social o sociologismo. El hombre es visto sólo como un producto o resultado de las estructurasy procesos sociales. La independencia y la libertad del hombre son ilusiones. Si bien nuestra existencia implica una relación de dependencia respecto de nuestros semejantes, esta relación no es de carácterdeterminista. Esto se hace evidente a través del análisis del concepto fenomenológico de "facticidad".3. La facticidad designa la clase típicamente humana de hechos que condicionan la existencia del hombre. La facticidad social presenta un carácter cósico, pero en ella está siempre presente la intencionalidad de la existencia; de ahí su contingencia esencial. La necesidad de la facticidad no es una necesidad de naturaleza sino una "necesidad en libertad".4. La función de la facticidad social es hacer que la persona se autodesarrolle y realice en plenitud sus posibilidades. Existen muchas formas de facticidad social que restringen y obstruyen la existencia dela persona, en lugar de desarrollarla. Debemos asumir una actitud crítica frente a nuestra facticidad. Sin esa actitud crítica no hay progreso posible. La facticidad social necesita de la persona para poder progresar y crear mejores condiciones para todos.5. Si la persona es el sentido de la facticidad social, la educación, como encargada de trasmitir la facticidad, debe contribuir ·eficazmente al proceso de personalización. La sociedad es una parte esencial del hombre; luego, asumir la facticidad social es una forma de alcanzar la plena autonomía. Educar es personalizar, pero para ello es necesario previamente socializar. La socialización, sin embargo, no debe entenderse como mera adaptación, sino como un proceso donde los modelos y patrones de la facticidad social son asumidos no pasiva sino activamente, en la perspectiva del cambio y la innovación. Sólo quien asume con mentalidad creadora a la sociedad tiene posibilidad de transformarla y mejorarla.
Ideas filosóficas subyacentes en el psicoanálisis de Sigmund Freud
Authors: Clément Graciela
Published: June 2018

El Psicoanálisis freudiano, ya se lo considere como un método para la investigación del inconsciente, una psicoterapia o una teoría psicológica, se sustenta en una concepción metafísica y antropológica.Dichos fundamentos filosóficos no fueron asumidos por S. Freud, lo cual no implica, sin embargo, que no estén en la base de esta cosmovisión que revolucionó la cultura del siglo XX.Se analizan sucesivamente:A. La relación personal de S. Freud con la filosofía. Asume un carácter paradójico y conflictivo, ya que a veces ella aparece como su máxima aspiración y, en otras ocasiones, se considera a sí mismo constitucionalmente incapaz de comprenderla.B. Su actitud hacia los filósofos, francamente ambigua, en tanto entabla con ellos una polémica constante y, al mismo tiempo, admira la filosofía de Platón, Nietzsche y Schopenhauer, entre otros.C. La fundamentación psicoanalítica de la filosofía como institución cultural. Al igual que la religión, la moral y el derecho, es producto de la sublimación que sustituye el objeto y el fin del instinto, y logra su satisfacción en una función no sexual y más elevada desde el punto de vista social o ético. La metapsicología será el intento científico de reinterpretar la metafísica que es producto de las fuerzas inconscientes.D. Explicitación de algunas de las ideas filosóficas subyacentes en el Psicoanálisis, limitadas a sus conexiones con A. Schopenhauer. El Psicoanálisis se apoya en una concepción materialista y positivista de lo real y sostiene una antropología pandeterminista en la que afloran las ideas del filósofo de Danzig. A él debe la noción de represión, la valoración de los impulsos sexuales, la idea de inconsciente, el peso del instinto de muerte, el fatalismo y la convicción de que la esencia de las relaciones humanas es el conflicto.A pesar de su cosmovisión reduccionista, Freud sigue siendo cimiento y referencia obligada de todo planteo psicológico, psicopatológico o psicoterapéutico.
El silencio como destino de la poesía occidental
Authors: Echagüe Hugo
Published: June 2018

Según Martin Heidegger, la filosofía se consuma (finaliza) en la época actual en el pleno desarrollo de las ciencias particulares. Estas se ocupan del ente. Pero ya desde su inicio pensó la filosofía al ente en tanto ente, ya como fundamento del todo; ya como ente supremo, relegando al Ser. Filosofía y poesía, pensar y poetizar, son modos paradigmáticos del decir, dialogan, se co-responden. En la consumación de la filosofía, finaliza un modo del decir y del pensar, hasta ahora excluyente: el del ente en cuanto tal. En la consumación de éste, acontece la falta de fundamento, percibida como angustia y silencio. Esto leemos en Samuel Beckett. Una temporada en el infierno de Rimbaud dice la historia de Occidente desde el punto de vista del fundamento en tanto ente supremo: esto es, Dios. En el decir de Rimbaud se patentiza el ser religioso cristiano de Occidente. El callar del poeta se corresponde con el ocultamiento del fundamento poéticamente pensado como ente supremo. En Persona de Bergman se representa el drama del silencio como vacío de las palabras, a la vez que como abismo en el sentido de la ausencia del ente supremo en tanto fundamento, experimentado desde la inmanencia de la conciencia, con lo que se suma la problemática del sujeto de la Modernidad, ahora desfondado por la ausencia. Otra raíz tiene en primera instancia el poetizar de Paul Celan: arranca del pensamiento de Martin Buber y tiende deliberadamente al silencio como modo privilegiado de la relación con un Tú que es Otro absoluto. Sin embargo, su pertenencia a la poesía en lengua alemana implica un cuño metafísico y lo lleva a la órbita de la poesía europea finalizante como silencio. El decir debería entonces detenerse en este destino de la poesía occidental: dejar callar al silencio. Oír y escuchar su voz sin palabras. Acaso diga de otro modo que las irrestaurables palabras vacías.
Breve reseña sobre la obra de Frege
Authors: Gonzalo A. , Attala D.
Published: June 2018

En el presente artículo se realiza una presentación sucinta de la obra del filósofo alemán Gottlob Frege, a través de una reseña de su obra desde dos puntos de vista: I) su obra vista cronológicamente (|l) y II) su obra como una serie que va desde los problemas relacionados con los fundamentos de la matemática ( y su intento de resolución a través de la lógica) (|2), hasta una ampliación de dichos problemas más allá de las matemáticas (y los intentos de resolverlos mediante una semántica filosófica)(|3). Se concluye señalando la importancia de Frege para la actual filosofía del lenguaje.
Claves dialécticas de la hermenéutica gadameriana
Authors: Kant Cleres
Published: June 2018

El propósito de este ensayo consiste en una lectura de la hermenéutica filosófica (según Hans-Georg Gadamer) destacando los referentes históricos del pensamiento dialéctico (v.g. Platón, Hegel); distinguimos la aceptación de algunos elementos tradicionales respecto a la crítica ejercida sobre otros y la progresiva configuración de su hermenéutica como una dialéctica dialógica marcadamente original. Se observa el discurrir dialéctico en los diversos comportamientos lingüísticos (desde el enunciativo hasta el del universo poético).
Bioética, salud pública y la distinción terapia/realce
Authors: Kottow Miguel Hugo
Published: June 2018

Los ingentes recursos y esfuerzos en investigación desplegados por la genética, la neurociencia y la nanotecnología exploran procesos vitales y anticipan soluciones terapéuticas para afecciones genéticas y degenerativas severas, metas aún no logradas. Recursos institucionales y militares apoyan desarrollos biotécnicos para intervenir en conductas (antisociales, de eficacia militar) y en realzar atributos cognitivos y morales tanto en personas con problemas (déficit atencional) como en individuos sanos. El realce –enhancement–  aumenta inequidades en salud y empoderamiento en desmedro de los menos privilegiados.  Las marcadas inequidades en Latinoamérica requieren abordar los valores comprometidos en modificaciones biotécnicas que los más desposeídos no obtendrán.
Capacidades, salud y sistemas. Re-pensar la salud de mano de la justicia distributiva
Authors: Palafox Cabral José Rubén
Published: June 2018

El presente trabajo intenta dar una explicación de la salud y la conformación de sus sistemas, aproximando las teorías de la justicia distributiva y el acceso al desarrollo de las capacidades como una base justa de la estructura de los sistemas de salud. Asimismo, se desarrollan diversas cuestiones sobre la atención al primer nivel en salud como fundamento del desarrollo de las capacidades y la accesibilidad a la diversidad funcional. Se tratará por ello, una redefinición del contractualismo bioético, aplicado a la estructura como base de la justicia y con miras al desarrollo de las capacidades.
Salud pública y nuevos derechos individuales a la salud: entre la utopía y la realidad
Authors: Galán González-Serna José María
Published: June 2018

La autonomía es esencial en el ejercicio de la responsabilidad y la capacidad reconocida al usuario en los nuevos derechos de salud. El objetivo es analizar cuál puede ser la influencia del empoderamiento de la autonomía, favorecida por los nuevos derechos sanitarios, en la autorresponsabilidad de profesionales y usuarios ante los problemas de salud pública. Es necesario lograr el autocuidado de los usuarios fomentando sus valores gracias al compromiso de los profesionales como “empoderadores” de los pacientes, además de con mayores cotas de educación en salud y con una ética de la ciudadanía en el uso de los recursos públicos.