bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The “Non-Treated” Versus
“LT3-Treated” Protocols of Short-Term Hypothyroidism Induction
in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: An Analysis of Hypothyroid Complications, Mood
Disorders, and Quality of Life
Authors: Tufekci Damla , Ayaz Teslime , Sahin Serap Baydur , Hocaoglu Cicek
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to compare “non-treated” versus
“levotriiodothyronine (LT3)-treated” protocols of short-term
hypothyroidism induction prior to radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation therapy in
differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). A total of 120 DTC patients who had
thyroxine withdrawal either via 4-week hypothyroidism induction (non-treated
group, n=60) or 2-week administration and then 2-week withdrawal of LT3
(LT3-treated group, n=60) to induce hypothyroid state prior to RAI
ablation after initial surgery were included. Complications related to
hypothyroidism-induction, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Hospital
Anxiety-Depression Scale (HADS), and SF-36 health-related quality of life
(HRQoL) scores were recorded. In the non-treated group, transition from
euthyroid to hypothyroid state was associated with significant increase in the
likelihood of moderate-to-severe depression on BDI (p<0.001), presence
of depression on HADS-D (p<0.001), presence of anxiety on HADS-A
(6.7% during euthyroid state vs. 33.3% during hypothyroid state,
p<0.001), and major syndrome on BPRS (0.0 vs. 10.0%,
p=0.001) as well as significant decrease in all SF-36 HRQoL domain
scores (p<0.001 for each). In conclusion, our findings indicate the
likelihood of L3-treatment to enable a more favorable transition period from
euthyroid to hypothyroid state without experiencing a deterioration in
depression, anxiety, or HRQoL.
Mapping the Posterior Ledge and Optic Foramen in Orbital Floor Blowout Fractures
Authors: Wong Yu Cong , Goh Doreen S.L. , Yoong Celine S.Y. , Ho Cowan , Cai Elijah Z. , Hing Angela , Lee Hanjing , Nallathamby Vigneswaran , Yap Yan L. , Lim Jane , Gangadhara Sundar , Lim Thiam C.
Published: April 2023

Background The posterior ledge (PL) is a vital structure that supports the implant posteriorly during orbital floor reconstruction. This study describes a technique for mapping the PL in relation to the infraorbital margin (IM) in patients with orbital floor blowout fractures. This study establishes the location of the optic foramen in relation to the PL.

Methods Facial computed tomography (FCT) scans of 67 consecutive patients with isolated orbital floor blowout fractures were analyzed using Osirix. Planes of reference for orbital fractures, a standardized technique for performing measurements on FCT, was used. Viewed coronally, the orbit was divided into seven equal sagittal slices (L1 laterally to L7 medially) with reference to the midorbital plane. The distances of PL from IM and location of optic foramen were determined.

Results The greatest distance to PL is found at L5 (median: 30.1 mm, range: 13.5–37.1 mm). The median and ranges for each slice are as follows: L1 (median: 0.0 mm, range: 0.0–19.9 mm), L2 (median: 0.0 mm, range: 0.0–21.5 mm), L3 (median: 15.8 mm, range: 0.0–31.7 mm), L4 (median: 26.1 mm, range: 0.0–34.0 mm), L5 (median: 30.1 mm, range: 13.5–37.1 mm), L6 (median: 29.0 mm, range: 0.0–36.3 mm), L7 (median: 20.8 mm, range: 0.0–39.2 mm). The median distance of the optic foramen from IM is 43.7 mm (range: 37.0– 49.1) at L7.

Conclusion Distance to PL from IM increases medially until the L5 before decreasing. A reference map of the PL in relation to the IM and optic foramen is generated. The optic foramen is located in close proximity to the PL at the medial orbital floor. This aids in preoperative planning and intraoperative dissection.
A Pilot Study of Preparedness of Dentists in the United Arab Emirates to Deal with Medical Emergencies
Authors: Shaath Helmi , Salman Basheer , Daghistani Dalia , Koutaich Rayan , Alhammadi Alya , Yakoub Nermeen , Awad Manal A.
Published: April 2023

Objectives The purpose of this pilot study is to assess the United Arab Emirates dentists' preparedness to manage medical emergencies.

Materials and Methods Ninety-seven licensed dentists participated in this study. Dentists responded to self-administrated questionnaires that contained 23 questions divided into five parts. The first part collected data on participants' sex, years of experience, and whether they are general dental practitioner (GDP) or specialists. The second part included seven questions that asked participants to indicate if they took medical history, obtained vital signs, and attended basic life support courses. The third part included six multiple choice questions regarding the availability of emergency drugs in the dental clinic. The fourth part consisted of three multiple-choice questions that assessed the dentists' immediate response to a medical emergency. Finally, the fifth part comprised four questions to evaluate the dentists' knowledge of proper treatment of special emergency cases they may encounter in the dental offices.

Results Out of the 97 participants, only 51% (N = 49) indicated that they can handle emergencies such as anaphylactic shock and syncope in the dental office. The majority of the dentists (80%) indicated that they have emergency kits. Only 46% of the specialists and 42% of the GDPs were able to correctly plan extractions in a patient with a prosthetic heart valve. Less than half of the participants (N = 35, 36%) were able to correctly answer the question regarding management of a foreign-body aspiration by attempting Heimlich/Triple maneuver.

Conclusions Within the limitations of this study, dentists need further hands-on training to improve their skills and knowledge about medical emergencies that could occur in the dental settings. Furthermore, we recommend that guidelines should be available in the clinic to strengthen the dentists' ability to deal with medical emergencies.
Case of Conus Paraganglioma: Case Report with Review
Authors: Sharma Vikas , Dua Sanjeev , Ambastha Rooma
Published: April 2023

Paragangliomas of spine are rare neuroendocrine tumors. They are World Health Organization grade 1 tumors with common location in cauda equina and filum terminale. We report a case of conus paraganglioma. A 57-year-old lady was admitted with low back pain with radiculopathy without bowel and bladder complaints. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lumbosacral spine showed well-defined round-to-oval extramedullary lesion isointense on T1 and hyperintense on T2-weighted images at the level of L1 vertebra (suggestive of) neurogenic tumor. Intraoperatively reddish-brown capsulated tumor arising from conus with extension to filum and compressing the nerve roots was seen. Gross total excision of tumor was done. Microscopic examination showed well-encapsulated cellular tumor composed of sheets, anastomosing lobules, and nests of small, oval-to-round cells interspersed with blood vessels with mild nuclear atypia and occasional mitosis. Immunohistochemistry analysis was positive for synaptophysin and chromogranin suggestive of paraganglioma. Postoperative period was uneventful. MRI of dorso-lumbar spine showed no residual tumor. Patient was asymptomatic 5 months after surgery. The clinical, radiological, and pathological features of this rare tumor entity is presented.
The EGCG and α-Mangosteen Stimulate SHED-IL10 and SHED-LL37 Metabolite Concentration
Authors: Yuliati Yuliati , Mahdani Fatma Yasmin , Margaretha Sellyn Angelina , Yastuti Wahidah Tsamara Putri , Surboyo Meircurius Dwi Condro , Aljunaid Mohammed Ahmed , Qaid Huda Rashad , Ridwan Rini Devijanti , Diyatri Indeswati
Published: April 2023

Objective Stem cells of human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) metabolites are secreted molecules from SHED, namely cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. The metabolite can be used in various regenerative therapy based on cell-free immunomodulatory potential effects, like interleukin 10 (IL-10) and LL37. This molecule can stimulate with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and α-mangosteen and has been proven to have anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. This study aimed to identify the effect of EGCG and α-mangosteen to SHED metabolite, called SHED-IL10 and SHED-LL37, from six passages to obtain the optimum stimulation and able to use as periodontitis regeneration treatment.

Materials and Methods The six different passages of SHED were prepared in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium and added with EGCG 80% (10 μM), EGCG 95% (10 μM), or α-mangosteen (10 μM). After a 24 hours incubation, each passage was measured with the metabolite concentration, SHED-IL10 and SHED-LL37, with human IL-10 and LL37 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Each different concentration was then analyzed statistically.

Results The addition of EGCG 95% is able to stimulate the SHED-IL10 optimum concentration in passage 1 (p < 0.01). But, in the different conditions, the addition of EGCG 80%, EGCG 95%, and α-mangosteen was able to stimulate the SHED-LL37 optimum concentration in passage 2 (p < 0.001).

Conclusion The addition of EGCG and α-mangosteen can stimulate the SHED-IL10 and SHED-LL37 concentrations. These two metabolites are promising as regenerative therapy through anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties.
Malocclusion: Prevalence and Determinants among Adolescents of Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Tariq Rabia , Khan Muhammad Tahir , Afaq Ashar , Tariq Sobia , Tariq Yasir , Khan Sana Shakil
Published: April 2023

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of malocclusion and its associated demographic and clinical factors in young adolescents (13–15 years) of Karachi, Pakistan.

Materials and Methods An epidemiological survey included 500 young adolescents of registered schools, madrassas (Islamic education system), and shop workers of Gulshan-e-Iqbal Town. It was a cross-sectional analytical study design. Multistage random sampling technique was used to enroll participants. The pattern of occlusion was recorded with other related features using Angle's classification. Health status was recorded through World Health Organization-guided indices (decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth [DMFT], community periodontal index of treatment needs [CPITN], and body mass index [BMI]). The information, thus, obtained was analyzed through SPSS using the chi-squared test and regression models.

Results Forty four percent of the participants were female, while overall estimated prevalence of malocclusion in young adolescents of Karachi was 57.4%. After adjustments, participants going to any kind of education system had less malocclusion in comparison to those who were not going to any education system (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.305, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.12–0.73); mother's education especially higher level (aOR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.08–3.75) and presence of periodontal disease (aOR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.06–2.33) were significantly associated with malocclusion.

Conclusion This study showed that the class I malocclusion is prevalent in the local community. Demographic factors like gender, age, self-reported ethnicity, and BMI did not show any significant role. Education or knowledge of parents and young adolescents does play an influential role in decreasing malocclusion. Young adolescents, who are more prone to oral health problems at an early age, would have more chances to develop occlusal discrepancies.
Brain Tumor Vascularity Estimation by Arterial Spin Label Perfusion MRI—A Preoperative Tool for Patient Prognostication
Authors: Rai Nidhi , Jamwal Rupi , Singh Bhanu Pratap , Gupta Jyoti , Shankar K. B. , Zaheer Sufiyan
Published: April 2023

Introduction Brain tumors remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality around the globe. Preoperative estimation of tumor vascularity is of great significance for a neurosurgeon. Aim of our study was to correlate tumor blood flow (TBF) using arterial spin labeling perfusion imaging (ASL-PI) with microvessel density (MVD), tumor grade, and preoperative prognostication of brain tumors.

Materials and Methods This was a prospective observational cross-sectional study conducted in 63 patients of primary brain tumors already referred for magnetic resonance imaging. Absolute and relative mean and maximum TBF were calculated using ASL-PI and correlated with tumor grade and MVD at 10x and 40x magnificantion; thereby stydying the role of ASL-PI in brain tumor prognostication.

Results The mean of maxTBF values (mL/min/100 g) in the gliomas group, meningiomas group, schwannoma group, craniopharyngioma group, and hemangioblastoma group was 147.15, 251.55, 96.43, 43.3, and 578.3, respectively. The median of maxTBF value in the gliomas group, meningiomas group, schwannoma group, craniopharyngioma group, and hemangioblastoma group was 131.5, 158.63, 94.5, 43.4, and 578.3, respectively.

Discussion Significant correlation between meanTBF and MVD at 10X magnification (p-value < 0.001, rho =0.88) and a positive correlation between meanTBF and MVD at 40X magnification (p-value < 0.001) were seen. Significant correlation was also seen between maxTBF and MVD at 10X magnification (p-value < 0.001, rho = 0.91) and between maxTBF and MVD at 40X magnification. TBF in case of the hemangioblastoma was higher than other types of brain tumors (gliomas, meningiomas, and schwannomas). HighTBF value was seen in high-grade gliomas compared with low-grade gliomas with worse prognosis. TBF was high in typical meningiomas whereas low in atypical meningioma.

Conclusion TBF by ASL-PI can be considered a noninvasive in vivo marker in predicting the grade of brain tumors and further assist in envisaging prognosis of the patients with brain tumors.
Geospatial Analysis of Malnutrition among Under-Five Children: A Scoping Review
Authors: Dmello Mackwin Kenwood , Badiger Sanjeev , Kumar Sudeep , Galey Karma , Kumar Nanjesh , Dsouza Neevan
Published: April 2023

Nutritional status is one of the important factors that indicate children's proper development and growth. The geospatial analytic approach is useful in describing and analyzing the characteristics, depth, and coverage of the malnutrition burden among under-five children. This current scoping review was performed to systematically map the spatial analytical techniques and approaches applied in nutrition among under-five children. An organized online database search was conducted to identify articles published between 1995 and 2021 on under-five nutrition and spatial statistic in PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science. A total of 80 distinct articles were identified, of which 34 articles were used for the final review. A spatial statistical correlation was mainly used (n = 15), followed by Bayesian spatial modelling (n = 7), Global Moran's technique (n = 9), and Getis-Ord (n = 3). Nine studies in India concerning spatial analysis and undernutrition were conducted based on a national-level demographic health survey. There is a need for future spatial studies related to nutrition and under-five children at the sub-national level in India.
Comparison of Estrogen Receptor Status and Ki-67 Index in Core Needle Biopsy and Resected Specimen of Breast Carcinoma
Authors: E. Geoffrey Sundar , HL Kishan Prasad , K. Jayaprakash Shetty , Rao Chandrika , K. Apoorva
Published: April 2023

Background and Objectives The status of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and Ki-67 expression in core needle biopsy and excision specimens has concurrent results, but many show discordance. However, only a few studies on the subject are available in India. Therefore, this study aims to compare the ER and Ki-67 expression status in core needle biopsy and excision specimens of breast carcinoma.

Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional analytical study, 50 breast carcinoma cases were histopathologically examined for ER and Ki-67 expression in both core needle biopsy and excision specimen. The interpreter was blinded for the evaluation of ER and Ki-67 expression index and the data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 27.

Results The average age of the participants was 50 years and breast lump was the most common presenting complaint in all the cases. The concordance rate of histological typing between core needle biopsy and excision specimens was 96%, and the majority were invasive ductal carcinoma (60%) and not otherwise specified (48%) having Nottingham histologic grade 3 (46%). The concordance rate between core needle biopsy and excision specimen for ER and Ki-67 expression was 86% (n = 43) and 54% (n = 27), respectively. Most of the cases were found to be luminal A type (38%). Additionally, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of ER between core needle biopsy and excision specimen were 78.79, 100, 100, and 70.83%, respectively; however, these were 44, 64, 55, and 53.33%, respectively, for Ki-67.

Conclusion Although the concordance of the ER status between core needle biopsy and excision specimen was substantial, the discordance rate of Ki-67 was found to be high. Hence, relying solely on core needle biopsy for critical decision-making is inadvisable; however, core needle biopsy can be used as an initial procedure to examine histology and receptor status, Therefore, it is better to reconsider performing immunohistochemistry for the excision specimen, more importantly in ER-negative cases, to benefit the patient with targeted therapy.
Aerobic Exercise Modulates Visceral Adipose Tissue of Estrogen Deprived Rats in an Experimental Model of Dyslipidemia
Authors: Magalhães Walkyria Villegas , Chucata Kemily Loren Barros , Dsouki Nuha Ahmad , Nucci Ricardo Aparecido Baptista , Veloso Aparecida Gabriela Bexiga , Fonseca Fernando Luiz Affonso , Maifrino Laura Beatriz Mesiano
Published: April 2023

Introduction Menopausal women have an increase deposition of body fat and changes in the lipid profile, being especially susceptible to cardiovascular diseases, and type 2 diabetes. However, physical activity can mitigate this situation. Thus, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of moderate aerobic exercise on visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of female LDL-receptor knockout ovariectomized mice. Methods We used 48 animals, divided into six groups (n = 8/per group): sedentary control (SC), sedentary ovariectomized control (SCO), trained ovariectomized control (TCO), sedentary non-ovariectomized LDL-receptor knockout (KS), sedentary ovariectomized LDL-receptor knockout (KOS), and trained LDL-receptor knockout ovariectomized (KOT). We analyzed the VAT through morphometric and stereological parameters in hematoxylin and eosin stained sections. Additionally, we evaluated biochemical parameters as glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol. Finally, immunohistochemical techniques for matrix remodeling, inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress were evaluated. Results We observed that menopause is related to increased visceral adiposity, inflammation, oxidative stress, macrophages activity, serum levels of glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol. However, exercise was effective in reducing these parameters, as well as being associated with increased vascularization of VAT and interstitial volume density. Conclusions Moderate exercise is a key factor in mitigating the effects of dyslipidemia in estrogen deprivation. However, further studies are needed to corroborate with our findings.
Vitamin D and its Relationship to Ocular Diseases: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zuniga Rubén David dos Reis , Lamegal Miguel Vida , Rodrigues Danielle Bueno , Veiga Glaucia Luciano da , Pereira Edimar Cristiano , Gascón Thaís Moura , Alves Beatriz da Costa Aguiar , Leça Renato Galão Cerquinho , Lima Vagner Loduca , Fonseca Fernando Luiz Affonso
Published: April 2023

Introduction Vitamin D plays a vital role in the proper functioning of various systems of the human body. Conventionally, it is known that its deficiency can impair, among other factors, calcium homeostasis, bone metabolism, and immune system regulation. Besides having anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic properties, 25(OH)D also acts in maintaining the integrity of the human retina, favoring the idea of it being a protective factor for certain ocular diseases.

Objective Therefore, the purpose of this review was to collect data from the literature which support the importance of vitamin D for ocular health.

Methods Through the Scientific Electronic Library Online and the National Library of Medicine databases, a compendium was created on the subject.

Results In total, 31 articles in English published between 2016 and 2020 were found. These articles were reviewed and categorized by diseases in order to study each disorder thoroughly. It is noticed that 25(OH) D is, in fact, a potential protective factor against such diseases, including diseases that affect both the surface of the cornea and the ocular tissues that have vitamin D receptors.

Conclusion Vitamin D is a protective hormone in the eye, and its deficiency is related to a variety of ocular diseases. Therefore, the supplementation of 25(OH)D can be considered as a complementary treatment for patients with these diseases, since it brings relevant benefits.
Common Precipitating Factors of Xerostomia in Elderly
Authors: Sutarjo Femalia Nuril Ain , Rinthani Maryam Fathiya , Brahmanikanya Gisela Lalita , Parmadiati Adiastuti Endah , Radhitia Desiana , Mahdani Fatma Yasmin
Published: April 2023

Xerostomia is a subjective sign of dry mouth t may or may not be accompanied by objective signs of hyposalivation. The condition of xerostomia has been associated with increasing age in line with the aging process, with a global prevalence of 30%. in the elderly aged 65 years and above. This can have an impact on the health and quality of life of the elderly. Also, xerostomia is the most common symptom in patients during periods of anxiety, stress, depression, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and systemic diseases, as well as in individuals who have a history of polypharmacy or who use certain drugs. This study aimed to review the most recent available evidence regarding the most common causes of xerostomia in the elderly. The PCC strategy (population, context, and concept) was used as a guide for retrieving the relevant articles for this scoping review. Two databases were systematically searched using PubMed and Scopus. The draft of the scoping review and assessment of the methodological quality of the trials was carried out following the criteria of PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). A total of 12 trials were identified that met the previously defined selection and quality criteria; 9 related to medicine, and 4 included populations in which xerostomia was a systemic disease, rheumatic disease, radiation therapy to the head or neck region, nutrition, and psychological factors. The common precipitating factor of xerostomia in the elderly is medicine. Drugs that are more commonly found to cause xerostomia are gastrointestinal drugs, psychotropic drugs, and antihypertensive drugs.
Reliability of an Innovative Slab Shear versus Microtensile Bond Strength Test: Mechanical and Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Abo-Alazm Emad Abd Elfatah , Abdou Ahmed , Hassouneh Layla , Safy Rehab Khalil
Published: April 2023

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of slab shear bond strength test (Slab_SBS) versus the microtensile in evaluation of the bond strength of different substrates.

Materials and Methods Forty-eight extracted caries-free human third molars were utilized for teeth specimens' preparation. After flattening of all molars' occlusal table, the specimens were divided into two groups based on the type of utilized restorative material: nanohybrid resin composite and resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI). Each group was further subdivided into three subgroups according to the subsequently applied bond strength test and specimen width; microtensile bond strength test (μTBS), Slab_SBS [2 mm] and Slab_SBS [3 mm]. Both testing methods were additionally applied on CAD/CAM specimens, nanohybrid resin composite blocks (composite-to-composite), and ceramic blocks (ceramic-to-ceramic). CAD/CAM specimens were prepared and cemented and then sectioned and subdivided as followed for teeth specimens' preparation. Pretest failures (PTF), bond strength, and failure mode of each specimen were recorded. Representative three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA) models were developed to simulate μTBS and Slab_SBS specimens. Data were statistically analyzed using Shapiro–Wilk test and Weibull analysis.

Results Pretest failures were only noted in the μTBS subgroups. Slab_SBS provided comparable bond strength to the μTBS of all substrates with adhesive mode of failure.

Conclusion Slab_SBS is easier to prepare with consistent and predictable outcome with no pretest failures during specimen preparation and better stress distribution.
Optical Characteristics of Monochrome and Multilayer Fully Stabilized Zirconia Upon Sintered Cooling Speed
Authors: Uasuwan Pithiwat , Juntavee Niwut , Juntavee Apa
Published: April 2023

Objectives Firing protocols influence optical properties of dental ceramics. Effects of varying cooling rates of monochrome and multilayer 5 mol% yttria-stabilized tetragonal polycrystalline (5YTZP) on optical properties are subjected for investigation.

Materials and Methods Ninety specimens (width, length, thickness = 10 × 20 × 2 mm) were prepared from monochrome (Mo: Cercon xt) and multilayer (Mu: Cercon xt ML with cervical (C) and incisal (I) zoning) 5YTZP. Specimens were sintered and randomly treated with three cooling rates (n = 15/group): slow (S: 5°C/min), normal (N: 35°C/min), and fast (F: 70°C/min). Color appearance (∆EW), color appearance difference (∆E
diff), translucency parameter (TP), contrast ratio (CR), and opalescence parameter (OP) were evaluated in CIEL*a*b* (Commission International de I'Eclairage) system. ∆E
diff was achieved from the coordinate difference of specimen to VITA classic shade A2. Microstructures and compositions were evaluated by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Monoclinic (m), tetragonal (t), and cubic (c) phases were investigated with X-ray diffraction.

Statistical Analysis An analysis of variance and Bonferroni multiple comparisons were determined for significant differences (p < 0.05).

Results ΔEW of MoF was highest (66.04 ± 1.86), while MuN-I was lowest (62.60 ± 0.86). TP and OP of MoS were highest at 2.85 ± 0.11, and 2.25 ± 0.10, while MuF-I was lowest at 2.16 ± 0.10 and 1.60 ± 0.12. CR of MuF-I was highest (0.948 ± 0.005), while MoS was lowest (0.936 ± 0.005). ΔEdiff of MoF was highest (3.83), while MuN-I was lowest (0.93). Limited grain growth and m-phase composition were indicated upon fast cooling. There were significant differences for all color parameters due to varied materials, cooling rates, and their interactions (p < 0.05) except for interaction in ∆EW and OP.

Conclusions Translucency of monochrome and multilayer 5YTZP were different, possibly due to colorant additives. Incisal layer of multilayer 5YTZP was perfectly matched with VITA shade. Increasing cooling speed resulted in smaller grain size, t-m transformation, and finally lower translucency and opalescence. Therefore, to achieve most favorable optical properties, slow cooling rate is recommended.
Exploring Leadership Competencies and Mentoring Needs of Physical and Occupational Therapy Leaders in the United States
Authors: Rutschke Mica , Fick John
Published: April 2023

Study Design The current study used a phenomenological qualitative design to investigate leadership competencies and mentoring needs of physical and occupational therapy leaders.

Objectives The purpose of the study was to evaluate leadership competencies of physical and occupational therapy leaders based on years of leadership experience and determine their mentoring needs for developing leadership competencies.

Background Personnel shortages are a major issue in health care, and health care organizations should focus on professional development of health care leaders for better staff retention.

Methods and Measures Nonprobability convenience sampling was used to recruit physical and occupational therapists currently working as therapy leaders in the United States. A self-developed, two-part structured interview guide was created and contained three demographic questions regarding leadership and four open-ended questions. Before the interview, participants reviewed the National Center for Healthcare Leadership Health Leadership Competency Model 3.0, which discusses seven domains of leadership competency, and the interview guide. Interviews took ∼30 to 45 minutes and were conducted using Zoom. NVivo software was used to code interviews for themes, and identified themes were grouped into five categories of years of leadership experience.

Results Twenty-five physical and occupational therapists participated in the study. Participants in all five experience categories identified collaboration and communication as leadership competencies they possessed. Other identified competencies were analytical thinking, team leadership, accountability, and professional and social responsibility. Human resource management, financial skills, and relationship and network development were identified as mentoring needs for developing leadership competencies by participants in all categories. Information technology management and self-confidence were also identified.

Conclusions By determining the current leadership competencies and mentoring needs, the results of the current study may be useful for establishing leaders who can address personnel shortages in health care.
Tooth Graft: An Umbrella Overview
Authors: Hashemi Sara , Tabatabaei Shivasadat , Fathi Amirhossein , Asadinejad Seyedeh Mohadeseh , Atash Ramin
Published: April 2023

This umbrella review aims to evaluate systematic/meta-analysis studies containing clinical evidence on tooth grafts as bone substitutes in the oral and maxillofacial regions. Using language restrictions and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, an electronic database search of PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar was conducted, featuring published studies up until August 2022. All systematic/meta-analysis review articles relating to tooth graft materials were matched against the inclusion criteria. Two qualified researchers independently assessed the studies' inclusion or exclusion criteria and risk of bias, and a third investigator assisted in resolving ambiguities. A total of 81 systematic/meta-analysis studies, comprising 21 animal-controlled trials, 23 randomized controlled human trials, 23 prospective studies, and 14 retrospective studies, were selected for this study. A small risk of bias was observed in systematic studies/meta-analyses. In addition, the clinical evidence from the analysis of these studies revealed a low incidence of side effects. According to the current review, two systematic reviews indicated that autogenous bone grafting of prepared teeth might be as effective as other bone grafting materials. Four studies also mentioned autologous grafts as potential alternatives to autologous grafts, autogenous demineralized dentin (ADDM), engineered grafts, root blocks, and dental matrix. On the other hand, three systematic studies stated that more long-term research is needed to confirm their findings. Finally, given the importance of standardization and homogeneity of studies for clinical cases, it is advised to be used cautiously due to the risks of transplant rejection.
Neuro-navigation: Equipment, Tips, and Tricks on Brain Navigated Surgery
Authors: Kingsly Enoh Nkongho , Bozkurt Ismail , Chaurasia Bipin
Published: April 2023

Neuronavigation is a system composed of advanced intraoperative equipment where a virtual link is created between digital images and anatomical structures such that intra-axial lesions are precisely located and removed safely and efficiently. Thus, neuronavigation has enormously increased the success rate of brain and spinal cord surgery compared to the era in which it did not exist. This article takes a look at and emphasizes, as a reminder, the benefits of neuronavigation, equipment used, equipment setup, tips and tricks on preoperative preparation of patients' images, and future perspectives on neuronavigation and equipment, aspects that are very rare in literature. A commonly used neuronavigation system is described, with regard to its parts, setup, instructions, and tips and tricks. This narrative review allows the reader to grasp the main aspects of neuronavigation, the functions of all the aspects, and what to expect during brain surgery. Although training with neuronavigation is a given in most developed parts of the world, in underdeveloped and developing countries the lack of equipment does not allow most neurosurgeons to have a first-hand experience. This article has aimed to ease the learning curve for neurosurgeons that are unfamiliar with neuronavigation.
Understanding the Risk of Peri-Implantitis
Authors: Das Dipanjan , Shenoy Nina , Shetty Smitha
Published: April 2023

Although implant therapy has been identified as a successful and predictable treatment for partially and completely edentulous patients, complications and failures can occur. There are two main categories of complications that occur in implant therapy: biological and technical (mechanical). Peri-implantitis is considered as a biological complication that results in bone loss around implants and may lead to implant treatment failure. Peri-implantitis has become a topic of major interest in contemporary dentistry due to its higher prevalence. Even though the main etiologic agent is bacterial biofilm, a myriad of factors influences the initiation and progression of peri-implant disease. The knowledge of the impact of peri-implantitis on the outcome of treatment with oral implants as well as the identification of risk factors associated with this inflammatory condition is essential for the development of supportive maintenance programs and the establishment of prevention protocols. Thus, this article reviews the recent evidence on the factors that may predispose implants to peri-implantitis.
Priming Factors Related to Burn Injury among People in Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Abid Hasan , Bhuiyan Saruar Hossain , Hossain Zahid
Published: April 2023

Background Burns cause the most severe injuries and are a major public health concern worldwide. It is common in third-world countries and it greatly increases mortality and illness there. Because of the long period of time spent in the hospital and the effort required to recover from a burn, it is one of the most costly injuries to treat.

Objectives The aim of this study was to identify the priming factors related to burn injury among people in Bangladesh.

Materials and Methods The study design was cross-sectional. Total 121 samples were selected conveniently for the study and the study was conducted in several hospital settings in Chittagong, Savar and Dhaka city like Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Enam Medical College Hospital, and Sheikh Hasina Burn Hospital. Data was collected by using a self-administered questionnaire.

Statistical Analysis Descriptive and inferential statistics (chi-squared test) were used for data analysis that focused through tables.

Results On average, people were 22.43 (14.399) years old. Of the total of 121 patients, 48.1% were female (n = 58) and 52.1% were male (n = 63). Among the participants, 56.2% (n = 68) were hurt accidentally, 33.9% (n = 41) were injured on the job, 2.5% (n = 3) were harmed intentionally, and 7.4% (n = 9) were injured while preparing food. In case of occurrence, 37.2% (n = 45) were burned by fire, 38.8% (n = 47) were electrical burn and 23.9% (n = 29) were chemical or scald type burn.

Conclusions Most burn injuries are accidental, such as cooking fires, hot water, electric lines, and acid throwing that are significantly considered as the priming factors of burn injury among people in Bangladesh. The lack of awareness and ignorance causes these accidents and insufficient training causes most the electrical burns.
Spinal Intramedullary Schwannoma of the Conus
Authors: TP Jeyaselva Senthilkumar , Chinnamuthu Sekar
Published: April 2023

Schwannomas are one of the most common primary spinal tumors representing 30% of all intraspinal lesions. Intramedullary schwannomas constitutes 0.3% of all intraspinal tumors and approximately 1% of spinal cord schwannomas. Majority of the tumors are seen in the cervical (58%), followed by thoracic (32%) and lumbar (10%) regions. Very few are reported at the level of conus medullaris. The important radiologic features of intramedullary schwannoma are predominant extramedullary component, intramedullary spinal tumor with a thickened and enhancing spinal nerve root, absent syrinx, enhancing well with contrast, and sharp margins. The aim of surgery in intramedullary spinal schwannomas is total removal whenever possible. Diagnosing intramedullary schwannoma preoperatively needs high index of suspicion. We are reporting the 10th case of intramedullary schwannoma in the conus region.
Comparison between Volar Locking Plate and Kirschner Wire Fixation for Unstable Distal Radius Fracture: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Tariq Muhammad A. , Ali Uzair , Uddin Qazi S. , Altaf Zahabia , Mohiuddin Ashar
Published: April 2023

Objective This study aims to compare the outcomes of volar locking plating (VLP) versus percutaneous Kirschner wires (K-wire) fixation for surgical management of unstable distal radius fractures.

Methods We systematically searched multiple databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central till January 2022 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that met eligibility criteria. Following outcomes were evaluated at 6-week, 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up period: Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score, Patient Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) score, grip strength, range of motion, and complication incidence. Meta-analysis was performed using random effects models and results presented as risk ratios (RRs) or mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence interval.

Results Fourteen RCTs with 1,450 participants met the inclusion criteria. DASH scores were significantly better for VLP fixation at 6th week (MD = 19.02; p < 0.001), 3rd (MD = 10.79; p < 0.001), 6th (MD= 7.78; p < 0.001), and 12th month (MD = 2.94; p < 0.001) postoperation. At 3-month follow-up period, VLP treatment exhibited better grip strength (MD = − 10.32; p < 0.001) and PRWE scores (MD = 8.78; p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant early advantage in flexion, extension, pronation, supination, radial deviation, and ulnar deviation in the VLP group at 6-week follow-up, but at 1-year follow-up only significantly better extension was observed. At 1 year, radiographic outcomes were similar except for volar tilt favoring VLP fixation (p < 0.001). Superficial infections were more common in patients treated with K-wire (RR = 2.89; p = 0.001), but there was no difference in total complications or reoperation rates (p > 0.05).

Conclusion This meta-analysis suggests that VLP fixation and K-wire fixation are both effective procedures, but existing literature does not provide sufficient evidence to demonstrate the superiority of either method. Although VLP fixation improves DASH score, extension and volar tilt at 12-month follow-up, the difference is small and unlikely to be noticeable to the patients.
U.S. national security and de-globalization
Authors: Godsell David , Lel Ugur , Miller Darius
Published: April 2023

Globalization, defined as trade- and FDI-related interdependence among nations, increases social welfare by transmitting managerial practices, advanced technologies, and labor skills across borders. Recent declines in FDI flows have prompted scholars to speculate on the nature, magnitude, and determinants of de-globalization trends. We investigate whether a U.S. national security-related foreign investment screening law, the Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007 (FINSA), contributes to de-globalization trends. FINSA awarded a regulator known as the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States broad new powers to revise or reject foreign acquisitions of firms in national security-related industries. Using a difference-in-differences research design, a wide variety of model specifications, and estimation samples spanning 1990–2016, we document post-FINSA declines in foreign takeovers of U.S. firms in national security-related industries. Consistent with techno-nationalism, we document that takeover declines are concentrated among research-intensive national security firms. Placebo, event-time, and robustness tests corroborate our results. Our empirical evidence suggests that foreign investment screening laws help explain the nature, magnitude, and determinants of recent de-globalization trends and prompts multinational enterprise managers to increasingly weight the political factors behind foreign investment screening laws when assessing foreign investment strategies.
What drives the learning benefits of moving text? A theoretical discussion for learning implications of kinetic typography
Authors: Lee Hye-Jung , Park Soyoung
Published: April 2023

Moving text or kinetic typography can be effectively utilized in instructional message design because moving text in a presentation not only attracts the learner’s attention rapidly but also delivers content effectively, thereby promoting learning. For optimal pedagogical application of such technology, it is necessary to investigate which properties and potentials of kinetic typography lead to learning benefits. This paper theoretically explores the learning advantages and instructional implications of kinetic typography based on the properties of oral language and written text (conceptualized as ‘orality’ and ‘literacy’, respectively) because moving text has properties that derive from both literacy and orality. The discussion implies that a critical learning benefit of moving text is not from the movement itself but from ‘a shared thinking process’ between instructor and learner through sequential presentation of text along with the logical flow within the learning content, which is similar to oral language.
Exploring the effects of animacy and verb type on the processing asymmetry between SRC and ORC among Chinese EFL learners
Authors: Sun Li , Fan Lin , Xu Mengling
Published: April 2023

This study investigates the production and comprehension of subject relative clause (SRC) and object relative clause (ORC) in English by Chinese EFL learners. Two experiments are reported. Using a sentence completion task to elicit the production of relative clauses (RCs), Experiment 1 examined the distributional patterns of SRC and ORC and showed that SRC was more frequently distributed than ORC. In addition, animacy and verb type had effects on the asymmetric distribution of SRC and ORC. Using a word-by-word moving-window self-paced reading paradigm, Experiment 2 further compared reading times (RTs) of SRC and ORC containing different animacy and verb type configurations. Reading difficulties in ORC were observed, and comprehension difficulties of certain configurations of animacy and verb type just mirrored their frequencies in the first experiment. Taken together, the processing asymmetry of SRC and ORC has been observed in both comprehension and production processes. Comprehension difficulties are believed to stem from the asymmetric distributions of sentence patterns involving different animacy and verb type configurations. These findings suggest that comprehension difficulties are correlated with the distributional patterns, which could provide strong support to the Production-Distribution-Comprehension account, the experience-based approach applicable in language acquisition.
Gene B5 in Cotton Confers High and Broad Resistance to Bacterial Blight and Conditions High Amounts of Sesquiterpenoid Phytoalexins
Authors: Essenberg Margaret , McNally Kenneth L. , Bayles Melanie B. , Pierce Margaret L. , Hall Judy A. , Kuss Christine R. , Shevell Judith L. , Verhalen Laval M.
Published: April 2023

Bacterial blight resistance gene B5 has received little attention since it was first described in 1950. A near-isogenic line (NIL) of Gossypium hirsutum cotton, Ac B5, was generated in an otherwise bacterial-blight-susceptible ‘Acala 44’ background. The introgressed locus B5 in Ac B5 conferred strong and broad-spectrum resistance to bacterial blight. Segregation patterns of test crosses under Oklahoma field conditions indicated that Ac B5 is likely homozygous for resistance at two loci with partial dominance gene action. In controlled-environment conditions, two of the four copies of B5 were required for effective resistance. Contrary to expectations of gene-for-gene theory, Ac B5 conferred high resistance toward isogenic strains of Xanthomonas citri subsp. malvacearum carrying cloned avirulence genes avrB4, avrb7, avrBIn, avrB101, and avrB102, respectively, and weaker resistance toward the strain carrying cloned avrb6. The hypothesis that each B gene, in the absence of a polygenic complex, triggers sesquiterpenoid phytoalexin production was tested by measurement of cadalene and lacinilene phytoalexins during resistant responses in five NILs carrying different B genes, four other lines carrying multiple resistance genes, as well as susceptible Ac44E. Phytoalexin production was an obvious, but variable, response in all nine resistant lines. Ac B5 accumulated an order of magnitude more of all four phytoalexins than any of the other resistant NILs. Its total levels were comparable to those detected in OK1.2, a highly resistant line that possesses several B genes in a polygenic background.
Mathematical dispositions among Hong Kong mathematics pre-service teachers: a metaphor-based exploration
Authors: Zhang Qiaoping , Guo Jing , Wei Yicheng
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This study explored the mathematical dispositions of Hong Kong mathematics pre-service teachers (PSTs). It also constructed a mathematical disposition framework comprising their affective, cognitive and functional dispositions towards the subject.

Design/methodology/approach

Thirty-one participants completed three structured metaphor tasks and one open-ended metaphor task in which they shared their views on mathematics. Responses were examined qualitatively and quantitatively. Coding based on thematic analysis was utilized to summarize the specific contents of the mathematical dispositions expressed by the PSTs, and a 5-level scoring scale was employed to evaluate the strength of the dispositions as represented by different metaphor types.

Findings

The findings suggest that the mathematical dispositions of pre-service mathematics teachers were generally positive. However, the overall level was not high. The most prevalent metaphors used to describe mathematics were “rice”, “blue” and “dog”.

Research limitations/implications

Hong Kong mathematics PSTs' mathematical dispositions are examined by using metaphorical tasks. Three categories are identified: affective, cognitive and functional dispositions towards mathematics.

Originality/value

This study has proposed an original framework for describing mathematical disposition.