bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of the surroundings areas in the microclimates of Santo André City – Brazil and Indication of Bioclimatic Strategies for Buildings
Authors: Maria Sacht Helenice , Cardoso Andréa de Oliveira , Figueiredo Roriz Victor
Published: August 2019

The characterization of the climate of Santo André and its weather data are essential instruments for the study of implantation, both of new buildings and solutions of retrofit, as well as for the elaboration of projects of urban interventions or degraded areas occupation. In this study, meteorological weather data were obtained by meteorological stations in Santo André, a municipality located in the region of ABC Paulista (São Paulo State), for five different points of the city in order to evaluate the different micro climates and the influence of the surroundings in microclimates and an climate file in .epw format was developed for analysed bioclimatic strategies for buildings. Results show temperature and humidity variations among the five microclimates analyzed, as a consequence of the following actions: replacement of vegetation by constructions, asphalt, concrete and other impermeable surfaces, increased air pollution which cause a great absorption of solar radiation, forming a barrier for air circulation and of pollutant gases into the atmosphere creating urban heat island effects.
Comparison of operational performance and analytical model of high concentrator photovoltaic thermal system at 2000 concentration ratio
Authors: Shittu Emmanuel , Paredes Filippo , Schiavo Benedetto , Venezia Luca , Milone Sergio , Montagnino Fabio , Kolokotroni Maria
Published: August 2019

This paper presents the development of a model based on efficiency equations to evaluate the performance of an HCPV/T system and compares its outputs with data of an operational case-study system installed in Palermo, Italy. The model is validated with data of the operational system to show real performance. The model can evaluate (a) the electric efficiency of the InGaP/InGaAs/Ge TJ solar cell and (b) electrical and thermal power/energy production potential of one module. The model predictions are compared with experimental electric and thermal data by obtaining linear regression plots of experimental results vs. analytical results; the R2 for experimental electrical and thermal results are 0.91 and 0.87 respectively. Using the model, the evaluated average daily analytical and experimental InGaP/InGaAs/Ge TJ solar cell efficiencies are 33 % and 25 % respectively; with a maximum daily experimental value of 30 %. It was found that the annual analytical and potential (based on derived equations from experimental data) electric energy produced by one module are 158 kWh/m2/year and 144 kWh/m2/year respectively, while the annual analytical and potential thermal energy are 375 kWh/m2/year and 390 kWh/m2/year respectively.
System optimization of innovative tri-generation system for distributed power application
Authors: Chow T.T. , Zhu Guangya , Lee C.K.
Published: August 2019

The building sector is one major primary energy consumer and pollutant emission source. In recent years, the building-related research studies on the potential use of Maisotsenko-cycle in energy systems have been increasing in recent years. The growing interest lies in its expanded applications beyond the air-conditioning systems (the main “energy consumers” in buildings) into the prime movers (the key players in power generation). In order to evaluate its application merits in the practical tri-generation system of the urban districts, an extensive computer simulation platform has been developed. Based on a case study, this paper describes the techniques in the mixed use of numerical tools in performing system optimization studies for distributed power application on a university campus site. The practicality of the methodology is demonstrated through a hypothetical tri-generation system primed with Maisotsenko combustion turbine cycle. The findings are very much interesting.
Partial load efficiency analysis of a CCHP plant with RICE and H2O-LiBr absorption chiller
Authors: Mărcuș Gabriel , Lungu Cătălin Ioan
Published: August 2019

This paper presents a model for calculating and analyzing the global efficiency of a trigeneration system (CCHP) using 3 reciprocating internal combustion engines (RICE) as prime mover for heat and electric loads. RICE operate simultaneously and at the same load. The CCHP plant delivering energy for the office buildings of an economic operator includes also 2 absorption chillers with water-lithium bromide solution for air conditioning. The system has been analyzed for RICE partial load operation mode, linking the thermal energy output to the cooling power generation. The amount of thermal energy production is influenced by the required energy for cooling. The total cooling load in the summer is determined by both the indoor office-rooms cooling load and the data center cooling load (the energy dissipated by the data center’s components and electrical circuits). An vapor-compression chiller is operated for cooling peak load. During yearly thermal load variation, RICE are switched on or off, operate at nominal capacity or in partial load mode. The thermal efficiency of each engine changes according to the demanded heating load, determining the global efficiency variation of the trigeneration system.. The electrical efficiency of the system is also dependent on the RICE operating load that leads the electric generators. The EER factor for the absorption chillers results accordingly at partial or nominal load operating mode. The functioning graphics for each system equipment were developed based on the thermal load curve of the RICEs and the global efficiency variation graph of the trigeneration system was plotted. Finally, conclusions resulted regarding the optimal functioning of the studied trigeneration system.
Hypothesis for a more efficient and sustainable development of a district heating in Padova, integrating renewable energies and existing generation plant
Authors: Carnieletto Laura , Graci Samantha , De Carli Michele
Published: August 2019

The present paper shows the background analysis to develop the optimization strategy of a neighborhood heating network sited in Padua, including it in a wider project of district renovation. The case study accounts several different end users: scholastic and offices buildings, a social housing residence and residential buildings.

The analysis starts from a systematic assessment of the buildings, evaluating the need of refurbishment of the envelope and of the distribution system. Further analysis focuses on the optimization of the existing heat generation system, integrating three condensing boilers, with an air to water heat pump and a ground source heat pump, which work more efficiently during base-load periods. The management of the district heating network have been investigated using the dynamic simulation tool TRNSYS, the control strategy of the delivery temperature has been tested based on the outside temperature and verifying to satisfy comfort conditions inside the buildings.

A sustainable solution is the recovery and drainage of rainwater, that can be reused for the toilets’ flushing. Therefore, the project solution identified aims at a more rational use of energy sources, which is the simplest and cheapest way to proceed on the decarbonization path that is a mid-term target for the Padua administration.
THE USAGE OF GROUND-COUPLED HEAT EXCHANGERS IN SUBTROPICAL CLIMATES
Authors: Langner Marcelo , Sacht Helenice Maria , Soares Thais Aline
Published: August 2019

This study aims to identify the feasibility of using a ground-coupled heat exchanger system for air conditioning in subtropical regions. Geothermal systems are used effectively in cold climates, but little explored in hot and humid climate regions, although they show potential for passive air-conditioning environments. The tubes were installed in Southern Brazil, in Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, which has temperatures of 0ºC in the winter and 40ºC in the summer. The methodology for the research was organized as follows: bibliographic research and geological characterization of the site, system sizing, installation of 22 meters of a 300mm PVC tube, 4 meters depth, and subsequently measurement and data collection on temperatures with use HOBO U10-001 Data Logger. The research was held from March to October 2016. The results showed that at external temperatures of 30ºC, the system was able to cool on average 6ºC, reaching peaks of 7ºC in the temperature of air exit to the environment. At temperatures below 6ºC, the system was able to heat on average 10ºC, with peaks of up to 11ºC. Based on the results, it is concluded that a buried pipe system is a viable alternative for passive climate control in subtropical climates
Difficulties of Solar PV Integration in Island Electrical Networks – Case Study in the French Islands
Authors: Notton Gilles , Voyant Cyril , Duchaud Jean Laurent
Published: August 2019

Integrating intermittent and non-predictable renewable energy systems in an electrical network is a difficult task and a technical challenge mainly in an island network. The technical problems occurring in small not interconnected networks is explained. The electrical energy situation of several French islands spread over the World is analysed. Various aspects are successively studied: repartition of energy means, renewable energy part in the production with a focus on the intermittent renewable part. The electricity production cost in the islands are presented and the legal and financial features for renewable energy in France are exposed. In a second part, a focus is realized on the Corsica Island situated in the Mediterranean Sea and partially connected to Italy. Successively, the energy mix, the objective of the new energy plan for 2023 and the renewable energy situation, present and future, are presented. Even if the integration of non-programmable renewable energy plants is more complex in small insular networks, the high cost of electricity generation in such territories encourages the introduction of wind and PV systems. The islands are good laboratories for the development of intermittent and stochastic renewable energy systems.
Comfort assessment in an office building in Budapest, Hungary
Authors: Magyar Zoltan
Published: August 2019

A historical office building was refurbished in Budapest a few years ago. An energy audit was made in the renovated building. During the energy audit a comfort questionnaire was prepared in order to assess the occupants’ opinion about comfort parameters. The questionnaire was filled out by 65 employees. Using the questionnaire the occupant opinion on comfort conditions, as well as operational information and complaints can be gathered. During the energy audit the air temperature was measured by dataloggers in different places to collect real temperature data. The paper presents the developed comfort questionnaire, the results of the occupant comfort survey and the temperature measurements and how these can be considered during the elaboration of recommended interventions.
Preliminary experimental and numerical analysis of a silica gel packed bed humidification system
Authors: Cazzaniga Edoardo , Colombo Luigi , De Antonellis Stefano
Published: August 2019

In this research, an innovative air humidification system based on two packed beds made of silica gel spherical particles is developed. Each bed is alternatively crossed by two airflows (regeneration and process). The first air stream, at outdoor conditions, after being heated and humidified through the sorption material, is supplied to the building. The second one, also at outdoor conditions, provides water vapour to the desiccant packed bed. The system design and optimization is carried out through a numerical and experimental approach. The developed phenomenological model is based on the Pseudo Gas-side Controlled (PGC) method, considering only the gas side resistance and, therefore, assuming uniform water content and temperature distribution within the desiccant particles. A test rig to evaluate performance of the packed bed humidification system has been realized and experimental results have been used to validate the model. Obtained performance highlights that the proposed system can provide adequate humidification and that it can be a valid alternative to conventional adiabatic and steam humidifiers.
Microbiome in an Office Building Using a Cooling Trench as an Outdoor Air Duct
Authors: Niimura Mizuki , Yanagi U
Published: August 2019

Subterranean temperature at a depth of 10 m is almost equal to the average outdoor air temperature of the same area. Therefore, if a building cooling trench is used as an outdoor air duct, outdoor air can be cooled in summer and warmed in winter. This energy-saving technique is often used in Japan. However, since the relative humidity in a cooling trench is high, microbe numbers tend to increase in summer. The present study sought to characterize the microbiome status in the cooling trench of such an office building in Japan. Specifically, we performed a metagenomic analysis in which we analyzed DNA directly upon collection from the environment, without intervening cultivation. The results showed the presence of bacteria of the genera Pseudomonas, Lactobacillus, Nesterenkonia, Staphylococcus, Deinococcus, Acinetobacter, Enhydorobacter, and Corynebacterium. Bacteria of the genera Nesterenkonia, Deinococcus, Enhydorobacter, and Corynebacterium predominated on the surface of the trench. Notably, bacteria of the genus Nesterenkonia constituted >50% of the organisms on the surface of the downstream end of the cooling trench. Principal coordinate analysis was used to compare bacterial inhabitants of outdoor air, indoor air from 2nd- and 3rdfloor offices, and the region downstream of the cooling trench. The results suggested that the microbiome of air in this cooling trench influenced indoor air within the building.
Feasibility of a Passive Ventilation System with a Thermal Damper - Simulations and measurement results of an experimental house in a mild region of Japan -
Authors: Hayashi Motoya , kim Hoon , Honma Yoshinori , Matsunaga Junichiro
Published: August 2019

In order to retain good indoor air quality through the year in detached houses with passive ventilation systems, the authors investigated a mechanical control air-supply method. Firstly, indoor environments in houses with passive ventilation systems with thermal dampers, were examined using a simulation program (Fresh). Secondly, a passive ventilation system with a thermal damper, an under-floorheating system with a heat pump and were installed in an airtight house at Maebashi in Japan and measurements on its ventilation characteristics and indoor air quality were made. The simulation results showed that if the thermal damper is well tuned, this mechanically controlled air-supply opening keeps ventilation rates adequate through the year especially in airtight houses. The measurement results showed that the ventilation rates were kept above the required level through the year and the TVOC concentration decreases from 3000 to 200 μg/m3 in 5 months after the construction.
A game to determine preferences and needs for an indoor environment
Authors: Overtoom Marjolein , Bluyssen Philomena
Published: August 2019

One of the challenges of designing buildings with a good indoor environment is to make it good for everyone. Ideas about requirements vary depending on who is asked; the designer, contractor, owner, investor, and occupant, might all have different ideas about what is the best indoor environment. Usually, the occupant is often the one who is not heard, and this may lead to a misfit. To make it easier to imagine how a building would function for the occupants, a game was designed in which events happen that require changes in the design. The game helps to explore the options and inform the stakeholders about their preferences and needs and how to be more responsive to changes, in a way that is visual, easy to understand, and fun.
A Study on the Simulation Result of Horizontal Shading Installation for Passive Cooling of Building South KOREA
Authors: Kim Seok-Hyun , Cho Soo , Cho Young-Hum
Published: August 2019

In South Korea, the evaluation criteria for the shading devices installation are defined by regulations, but the standards of design methods are not clearly established. The installation of shading device is used to solar control in building. It has become mandatory for some public buildings due to revised regulations. Generally this device mean is horizontal shading at upper window. Therefore, a design of horizontal shading device which takes into account the energy consumption of the building is required, and indoor environmental problems which may occur due to the installation of them should also be taken into consideration. This research studied to propose a design which takes into account the energy consumption which may occur if the horizontal shading device is installed, and suggest an improved design method of horizontal shading devices on the basis of the analysis of the problems that may occur when they are installed. Consequently, it was confirmed that as the length of the horizontal shading device becomes longer, the incoming daylight is reduced and the indoor intensity of illumination becomes lower, and thus, more lighting energy may be consumed in a room where the shading device is installed than in the one where it is not. Therefore, annual energy consumption was calculated by applying the lighting control and it was found that the total energy consumption decreased as a result of the reduction in energy consumption for air conditioning and fans and further decrease in lighting energy consumption.
Summer sleep quality and change of bedroom thermal environment – from the beginning to the end of sleep
Authors: Umemiya Noriko , Yamagata Kurumi , Kobayashi Tomohiro
Published: August 2019

Relations between bedroom thermal environment changes and subjective sleep quality and thermal comfort were surveyed for 63 apartment occupants during midsummer in Osaka. Changes of Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) of 123 air-conditioned and 41 naturally ventilated nights were compared. 1) For air-conditioned bedrooms, sleep quality was better for smaller changes of WBGT from the beginning of sleep and for faster changes of WBGT to constant from the beginning of sleep. 2) For naturally ventilated bedrooms, a) WBGT increased from the beginning of sleep and decreased toward the end of sleep for higher sleep quality nights. However, WBGT decreased from the beginning of sleep and increased toward the end of sleep for lower sleep quality nights. b) The WBGT change was smaller for thermally comfortable nights.
Identifying suitable general circulation model for future building cooling energy analysis
Authors: Huang Kuo-Tsang , Weng Yu-Teng , Hwang Ruey-Lung
Published: August 2019

These future building energy studies mainly stem from hourly based dynamic building simulation results with the future weather data. The reliability of the future building energy forecast heavily relies on the accuracy of these future weather data. The global circulation models (GCMs) provided by IPCC are the major sources for constructing future weather data. However, there are uncertainties existed among them even with the same climate change scenarios. There is a need to develop a method on how to select the suitable GCM for local application. This research firstly adopted principal component analysis (PCA) method in choosing the suitable GCM for application in Taiwan, and secondly the Taiwanese hourly future meteorological data sets were constructed based on the selected GCM by morphing method. Thirdly, the future cooling energy consumption of an actual office building in the near (2011-2040), the mid (2041-2070), and the far future (2071-2100), were analysed. The results show that NorESM1-M GCM has the lowest root mean square error (RMSE) as opposed to the other GCMs, and was identified as the suitable GCM for further future climate generation processing. The building simulation against the future weather datasets revealed that the average cooling energy use intensity (EUIc) in Taipei will be increased by 12%, 17%, and 34% in the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s, respectively, as compared to the current climate.
Fundamental Study on a Tracer Gas Experimental Method that uses Dynamic Steady State Concentration and can be Applied to an Air Recirculating System
Authors: Ikemura Naoya , Kurabuchi Takashi , Takeuchi Jinya , Yoshino Hazime , Toriumi Yoshihiro
Published: August 2019

In the previous paper, theoretical consideration of the tracer gas experimental method that uses dynamic steady state concentration was made. In this study, the feasibility of the tracer gas experimental method was examined based on a laboratory experiment. It was confirmed that a dynamic steady state concentration in case of negative generation of tracer gas corresponds to the age of air in an open-air system. The sum of dynamic steady state concentrations in case of positive generation of tracer gas and that for negative generation in the air recirculating part of a room is similar to the steady state concentration in an open air system.
Mock-up Test of Time Lag in Floor Heating Systems with PCM
Authors: Choi Sung Ho , Kim Tae Won , Park Jin Chul
Published: August 2019

This research analyzes the time lag, which is a thermal storage performance parameter, when a phase change material is applied to the floor heating system of a mock-up laboratory. The following results are obtained. In terms of the time required for the floor surface temperature to reach 30 °C, the time lag of Room 2 (i.e., the room with the PCM-based floor system) was observed to be 15 min. Additionally, in terms of the time required for the floor surface temperature to decrease to 22 °C, Room 2 exhibited a time lag of 5 h 2 min. Therefore, the study concluded that longer time lags are observed with floor heating systems with PCM.
Aerogel, a high performance material for thermal insulation - A brief overview of the building applications
Authors: Meliță Larisa , Croitoru Cristiana
Published: August 2019

In this paper data regarding the utilization of aerogel as a promising material for thermal insulation of the residential and commercial buildings are presented. Also, research work and developments in synthesis, properties and characterization of silica aerogels will be addressed. Aerogel is a synthetic porous ultralight material derived from a gel in which the liquid component of the gel has been replaced with a gas. The result is a solid with extremely low density and low thermal conductivity. Sol-gel is the most used method of preparation. Aerogel melts at 1200ºC and the thermal conductivity is almost 0. Is a solid material with the smallest density because contains about 99.8% air. This material has almost unlimited potential, believing that they might find application in most human activities and areas. Aerogel insulation is a good choice because nearly neutralizes all three methods of heat transfer: convection, conduction and radiation. The resistance to convective transfer is given by the fact that air does not circulate in the material structure. The resistance to thermal transfer by conduction is given by the majority of gaseous components. If using a carbon based gel, a high resistance to radiation transfer is obtained. Therefore, the most used aerogel for thermal insulation is the silica aerogel with carbon as nanostructured material. The high price makes it currently inaccessible and less used material. But, inevitably, the aerogel will quickly become one of the most attractive materials in the future.
Adaptation of buildings to climate change through bioclimatic strategies, in Romania.
Authors: Bodale Anca , Catalina Tiberiu , Ionuț Sima Cătălin
Published: August 2019

Climate change has become a fundamental concern for scientific researchers, architects and engineers, and requires improving the performance of the sectors responsible for city and building infrastructure. Burning fossil fuels to produce electricity and heat are the biggest cause of climate change and emissions and represent one third of total greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, buildings become responsible for improving the external environment, either by construction phases, rehabilitating process or by maintaining process. In Romania the building sector is the main contributor to gas emission and most of the residential multi-storeys constructions are buildings from the communist period built using standardized projects. In Romania one the main goals are the thermal rehabilitation of buildings and construction of apartments especially in the inner circle of the capital. However, the renovation measures are very basic and do not target actual/future EU legislation that imposes the Nearly Zero Energy Building (NZEB) standard for the buildings. To overcome and to provide an alternative to both correct refurbishment and creation of new apartments the OVER 4 prototype was developed. These prototypes are modules of apartments where multiple bioclimatic strategies were implemented to minimize the energy consumption. Using the Passive House Project Planning (PHPP) the module was 3D created and simulated to reach the optimal architecture for both well-being of residents and the energy balance.
Visual and acoustic performance of shading devices – real scale laboratory measurements
Authors: Catalina Tiberiu , Ene Alexandra , Biro Andreea
Published: August 2019

There are several physical parameters that are taken into consideration when determining the level of agreeability of an enclosed space. For instance, when choosing the louvers for a room there are a multitude of criteria that might be considered such as colour, material or the degree of opacity. However, these apparently small fixtures may have a significant impact also on other apparently unimportant factors like the sound pressure level and the reverberation time. This paper aims to present different types of devices used to control the way daylight enters a room, from both the illuminance level and the acoustical point of view. During the experimental campaign, five of the most common types of louvers were examined regarding their main role of blocking the light and moreover their influence on the reverberation time and sound pressure level in the analysed chamber.
Measured and Calculated Energy Saving on Ventilation of a Residential Building equipped with Ground-Air Heat Exchanger
Authors: Brata Silviana , Tanasa Cristina , Stoian Valeriu , Stoian Dan , Dan Daniel , Pacurar Cristian , Brata Sorin
Published: August 2019

The significant share of energy consumption of the building sector in the total energy consumption makes it responsible for 36% of CO2 emission in the European Union. In the last decade a key objective of the EU is to improve the energy efficiency and increase the use of renewables in buildings. Ground-to-air heat exchangers can be a solution for reducing primary energy consumption from nonrenewable sources in buildings and contribute to the share of energy from renewable sources. The research in this paper deals with investigations on a ground to air heat exchanger of a pilot energy efficient building, constructed in west side of Romania. The study presents the assessment of the heating and cooling energy potential of the ground-to-air heat exchanger serving the energy efficient building. Three full years of measurements of the air temperature entering the ground-air heat exchanger and the outlet air temperature are available and were used in the study. A comparison is made between the energy potential determined based on temperature measurements and the energy potential based on calculated outlet temperatures using a computational model and conventional climate data for the building location.
Aspects regarding the prediction of earth electrode corrosion in the soil of Timisoara
Authors: Pavel Ștefan , Pascu Ioan-Bogdan , Țăranu Bogdan-Ovidiu , Grad Oana-Alexandra , Negrea Romeo , Doboși Ioan-Silviu
Published: August 2019

Corrosion prediction of galvanized steel ground electrodes in the soil of Timisoara represents an area of interest for ensuring the good functioning of the earth electrodes , the safety of the electrical installation, and of the lightning rodes. Taking in the account that the soil is exposed to different kind of pollutants which have an effect on the ground electrodes we consider that a research is needed in this area.
Glazed balconies impact on energy consumption of multi-story buildings
Authors: Catalina Tiberiu , Bortis Daniel , Vartires Andreea , Lungu Cătălin
Published: August 2019

Through this research we have studied the influence of the closure of the balconies on the temperature and humidity. Three residential apartments with enclosed balconies are monitored simultaneously over two periods: a colder one in March and a warmer one in May providing an overview of the thermal performance of a balcony relative to the interior. The results of the balcony#1 simulations made with the Trnsys 17 software show a good energy saving in the cold period, but higher cooling consumption in warm weather.The total energy demand difference between closed and open balconies is about 840 kWh. The simulation also showed us the close connection between the temperature in the balcony and the solar radiation that both grow and decrease simultaneously. At the end of the two campaigns, we came to the conclusion that a closed and thermally rehabilitated balcony is the best solution, being proven to have a winter advantage, the difference between the outdoor temperature and the balcony temperature being around 15 °C, but a summer disadvantage when temperatures in the balcony greatly increase and may exceed 50 °C, with the risk of overheating the balcony.
Studies on acoustic comfort in a passive house
Authors: Bailescu Catalin , Catalina Tiberiu , Iordache Vlad
Published: August 2019

Acoustic comfort is a requirement of major importance during the design of houses. This study focused on the acoustic comfort parameter called sound pressure level. The value of this parameter is variable during operation of a particular building , depending on the type of absorbent material and them surface. The aim of this study is to determine the influence of the equipment of the technical space for a passive house . In this study was experimentally determined the value of noise for a Passive House in Romania using specialized equipment and software from Bruel & Kjaer . With these equipment and software were simulated different functional parameters of heat recovery and circulation pump, and different ways of placing the house on various types of roads leading sound pressure level simultaneously for five rooms , result compared with rules imposed values for each type of room.
Interview with Mike Kosterlitz
Authors: Faísca Patrícia F.N. , Travasso Rui D.M.
Published: August 2019

In the summer of 2018, Professor Michael Kosterlitz visited Portugal as a plenary speaker of the FÍSICA2018 conference organised by the Portuguese Physical Society (SPF) and by the University of Beira Interior. FÍSICA 2018 comprised two meetings: the 28th Iberian Meeting for Physics Teaching, and the 21st National Conference of Physics, a biannual event that brings together researchers from all areas of Physics working in Portugal.
Spatial autocorrelation of phytoplankton biomass is weak in the rivers of Lake Taihu Basin, China
Authors: Wu Zhaoshi , Kong Ming , Fan Yamin , Wang Xiaolong , Li Kuanyi
Published: August 2019

We investigated the characteristic of phytoplankton community structure across the entire Lake Taihu Basin (LTB), one of the most developed areas in China. A morphologically based functional group (MBFG) proposed by Kruk et al. (2010), especially potential toxic cyanobacteria (group III and VII), was also illustrated. Samples were collected at 96 sites along main rivers throughout the four seasons from September 2014 to January 2016. Significant differences in the phytoplankton community structure were observed at spatial (particularly between Huangpu/Tiaoxi and the other 4 river systems) and seasonal scales. On a spatial basis, high variability was observed in the mean phytoplankton biomass, with a relatively high value of 3.13 mg L−1 in Yanjiang system and a relatively low value in Huangpu (1.23 mg L−1) and Tiaoxi (1.44 mg L−1) systems. The mean biomass of potential toxic cyanobacteria accounted for 18.28% of the mean total biomass spatially, which was more abundant in Nanhe and Yanjiang systems. Spatial autocorrelation was weak for the total biomass and its four main components (bacillariophyta, chlorophyta, euglenophyta, and cyanobacteria) at whole basin scale regardless of season. Regarding the river system, significant autocorrelation was scarcely observed in all the river systems except Huangpu, especially in the inflows. The characteristic in terms of hydrological and environmental conditions may determine the community structure of the 6 river systems. Our study highlighted the importance of monitoring based on a large spatial scale, and more attention should be paid to potential toxic cyanobacteria for water quality management purposes.
Typisches Katayama-Syndrom kann auch ohne Ei-Ablage induziert werden
Authors: Jochum Johannes
Published: August 2019

Das Katayama-Syndrom ist eine frühe klinische Manifestation der Schistosomiasis, welche mehrere Wochen nach einer Infektion mit Schistosomenlarven (Zerkarien) auftritt. Typische Beschwerden sind Fieber, Kopf- und Gliederschmerzen, trockener Husten und Ödeme. Das Syndrom gilt als systemische immunkomplexvermittelte Hypersensibilitätsreaktion auf Wurmbestandteile oder Wurmeier, wobei das genaue Antigen unbekannt ist. Aufgrund der mehrwöchigen Latenzzeit wurde oft ein Zusammenhang zum Beginn der Ei-Ablage der adulten Schistosomen hergestellt.
The Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Serum Leptin Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Khorshidi Masoud , Zarezadeh Meysam , Sadeghi Alireza , Teymouri Alireza , Emami Mohammad Reza , Kord-Varkaneh Hamed , Aryaeian Naheed , Rahmani Jamal , Mousavi Seyed Mohammad
Published: August 2019

Recently, obesity has become a common worldwide concern. Leptin, as an adipocytokine, plays a major role in the etiology of obesity. Prior studies have demonstrated that zinc potentially affects serum leptin levels. However, clinical trials carried out in this regard are not consistent. Therefore, current meta-analysis was conducted to ascertain the actual effect of zinc supplementation on serum leptin levels in adults. Databases of PubMed, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar were methodically searched to identify relevant articles up to April 2018. Clinical trials that examined the effect of zinc supplementation on serum leptin concentrations as outcome variables in human adults were included. The mean difference (SD) of leptin changes in the intervention and placebo groups were used to calculate the overall effect size. Totally, 663 articles were identified, of which 6 studies were eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 7 treatment arms. The analysis suggested that zinc supplementation exerts no significant effect on overall serum leptin (WMD: 0.74 ng/ml; 95% CI: −1.39 to 2.87, p=0.49). Nevertheless, sex and duration of intervention seemed to impact the extent of zinc’s influence. In trials with female subjects, zinc consumption led to a significant decrease in serum leptin level (WMD: −1.93 ng/ml; 95% CI: −3.72 to −0.14, p=0.03) as well as trials that lasted for more than 6 weeks (WMD: −1.71 ng/ml; 95% CI: −3.07 to −0.35, p=0.01), in comparison to the control group. Zinc supplementation did not significantly improve leptin concentrations, but it may result in a decreased circulating leptin level in studies with a duration of more than 6 weeks especially among females.
Eine seltene kutane Manifestation eines systemischen B-Zell-Lymphoms unter dem klinischen Bild einer seltenen Infektionserkrankung
Authors: Konschake W. , Arnold A. , Daeschlein G. , Jünger M. , Lutze S.
Published: August 2019

Dargestellt wird der seltene Fall eines diffus großzelligen B-Zell-Lymphoms unter dem klinischen Verdacht einer kutanen Anthrax-Infektion. Bei Aufnahme präsentierte der 82-jährige Patient an der Stirn rechtsseitig oberhalb der Augenbraue eine ca. 3,5 cm messende ulzerierte Plaque mit zentral festhaftender schwarzer Nekrose und erhabenem livid-erythematösen Randwall. Wir sahen im Verlauf des stationären Aufenthaltes eine fulminante AZ-Verschlechterung des Patienten mit rezidivierenden Fieberschüben bis 40,0 °C und plötzlich disseminierter Aussaat neuer kutaner Herde ähnlich der Morphe der primären Läsion. In der CT zeigten sich multiple pulmonale und hepatische Rundherde sowie einzelne in den Nieren sowie in der rechten Nebenniere. In der Biopsie eines Leberrundherdes und in einer Hautbiopsie wurde die Diagnose eines diffus großzelligen B-Zell-Lymphoms vom ABC-Subtyp gesichert. Bei rezidivierenden Fieberschüben über 39 °C unter eskalierter Antibiose sowie persistierender nicht invasiver Beatmung wurde der Patient im Verlauf auf eine Intensivstation verlegt und verstarb nach 6-wöchiger Krankheitsdauer. Die Autoren schlussfolgern, dass bei sich extrem fulminant darstellenden Krankheitsverläufen, die klinisch einer dermatologischen Infektionserkrankung entsprechen können, jedoch unkontrollierbar unter antimikrobieller Therapie verlaufen, immer an die kutane Manifestation eines systemischen Lymphoms gedacht werden sollte. Hier können auch die primär der Infektionserkrankung zugeordnete B-Symptomatik und die elevierten Akute-Phase-Proteine auftreten. Lymphom-Manifestationen erscheinen an der Haut häufig unspezifisch mit ekzematöser, lichenoider oder pruriginös-nodulärer Morphe. Der Verlauf machte die Einordnung der Dignität der Erkrankung in unserem Fall dann möglich.
Rationale Diagnostik chronisch-entzündlicher Darmerkrankungen
Authors: Lügering Andreas
Published: August 2019

Sicherung der Diagnose und Objektivierung des entzündlichen Schadens chronisch-entzündlicher Darmerkrankungen sind Kernelemente bei Erstdiagnose und für die Verlaufsbeurteilung. Neben dem Goldstandard der Endoskopie nehmen konsequent wiederholbare, nicht-invasive Verfahren wie das fäkale Calprotectin und der Darmultraschall zentrale Rollen ein, um das Therapieergebnis langfristig zu optimieren, Komplikationen zu verhindern und teils erhebliche Kosten sinnvoll einzusetzen.
Patientensicherheit in der Therapie der chronisch-entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen
Authors: Bokemeyer Arne , Bettenworth Dominik
Published: August 2019

Der Phänotyp chronisch-entzündlicher Darmerkrankungen zeigt eine hohe Heterogenität. Bei Patienten mit steroidabhängigem/-refraktärem Verlauf oder bei Vorliegen von klinischen Prädiktoren für einen komplizierten Krankheitsverlauf, stellen immunsuppressive und/oder immunmodulierende Substanzen wertvolle Therapieoptionen dar. Um das Auftreten potenzieller Nebenwirkungen dieser Therapien zu minimieren, sind vor Therapiebeginn eine Reihe von Maßnahmen ratsam. So sollte neben einer dezidierten Anamnese inklusive Erhebung des Impfstatus, ein laborchemisches Screening auf infektiologische Erkrankungen sowie ergänzend eine bildgebende Umfelddiagnostik erfolgen. Weiterhin bedarf es auch nach begonnener immunsuppressiver/immunmodulierender Therapie regelmäßiger Kontrollen, um medikamentös-bedingte Nebenwirkungen frühzeitig zu erkennen. Unter adäquater Vorbereitung und Surveillance einer immunsuppressiven Behandlung überwiegt der therapeutische Nutzen klar dem potenziellen Risiko für medikamentös-bedingte Nebenwirkungen.
Anwendung der Sonografie auch für Expeditionsärzte interessant
Authors: Kunze Georg
Published: August 2019

Mithilfe der Thorax- beziehungsweise der Lungensonografie (LUS) können nahezu alle Lungenerkrankungen mit Ausnahme der COPD und des Emphysems diagnostiziert werden, sofern sie sich in irgendeiner Form an der sonografisch darstellbaren Lungenoberfläche widerspiegeln 1. Der deutlich vermehrte Nachweis von sogenannten B-Lines (Artefakte, die sich von der unauffälligen Lungenoberfläche bis an den Unterrand des Bildschirms erstrecken und sich atemsynchron bewegen) gilt als Korrelat für ein interstitielles Ödem und wird bereits auf vielen Intensivstationen und in Notaufnahmen zur bettseitigen Diagnose eines Lungenödems verwendet 2.
Durch malignes Melanom ein zum damaligen Zeitpunkt lebensbedrohliches Phäochromozytom entdeckt – Glück im Unglück: 14 Jahre Rezidivfreiheit
Authors: Vavouli M. , Shab C.
Published: August 2019

Das Phäochromozytom ist ein seltener Tumor, der in den meisten Fällen zu spät entdeckt wird. Oft handelt es sich hierbei um einen Zufallsbefund. Wir berichten über einen Fall eines malignen Melanoms, das durch sein Staging geholfen hat, ein Phäochromozytom rechtzeitig zu entdecken. In diesem Fall führte das maligne Melanom glücklicherweise zur frühzeitigen Phäochromozytom-Diagnose mit 14 Jahren Überleben ohne Rückfall.
Acid-Catalysed Rearrangement of the Sandfly Pheromone Sobralene to Verticillenes, Consolidating its Relationship inter alia to the Taxanes and Phomactins
Authors: Palframan Matthew J. , Bandi Krishna K. , Hamilton James G. C. , Pattenden Gerald
Published: August 2019

The sex-aggregation pheromone sobralene produced by the sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis is isomerised to verticillenes in the presence of mild acid, thereby providing credence to the proposal that sobralene is a likely shunt metabolite of the taxadiene synthase cascade.
Audiology Private Practice: What Students Should Consider
Authors: Kassa Mary
Published: August 2019

Students who have graduated from a Doctor of Audiology program are qualified to practice as audiologists as determined by university standards, national examination, and state licensure; however, being qualified to practice audiology does not necessarily mean a person is ready to open a private practice. Students may have had a few business or clinic management courses and may have had the opportunity to rotate through private practices; however, these few experiences would not sufficiently prepare them for the realities of owning and operating a business. This article will describe the attributes of an entrepreneur as well as some of the important issues students may wish to consider prior to taking on the responsibility of being the owner of an audiology private practice.
Resale Product and Accessory Opportunities for Audiology Practices
Authors: Bankaitis Smith A. U.
Published: August 2019

Patients need and/or want access to any number of products, including consumables and durable goods, and accessories as part of their audiology care. Audiologists have an opportunity to offer products and accessories for resale from their clinical office. Several methods for reselling items to established patients including an overview of an ecommerce approach successfully implemented by several individual audiology private practices will be reviewed. Upon completion, readers will be familiar with the general steps for incorporating an e-shop within an existing business Web site. Additionally, insights as to effective tactics for generating e-shop revenue will be shared.
Head Injury: A Rare Cause of Bilateral Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia
Authors: Swain Srikant Kumar , Mohanty Sureswar , Panda Adya Kinkar
Published: August 2019

Rare case of bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) following head injury in 25-year-old male is being reported. The site of the lesion in the mid-brain as detected in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) correlates well with the clinical presentation. The patient recovered on conservative treatment with a course of dexamethasone (for brainstem contusion).
Decision-Making Regarding Ventilator Support in Children with SMA Type 1—A Cross-Sectional Survey among Physicians
Authors: Pechmann Astrid , Langer Thorsten , Kirschner Janbernd
Published: August 2019

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by muscle atrophy and severe proximal muscle weakness. In the absence of curative treatment, it has been controversial whether critically ill infants with SMA type 1 should receive ventilator support. The aim of this study was to investigate the process of decision-making regarding ventilator support in children with SMA type 1 from the perspectives of physicians. A web-based survey with 17 questions and 2 case vignettes was conducted in 671 physicians in Germany and Switzerland from 12/2016 to 03/2017. The survey focused on factors influencing the decision about ventilator support and the content in informed consent discussions. Additionally, physicians were asked about their general attitude towards mechanical ventilation in children with SMA type 1 and their hypothetical clinical management in emergency settings using case vignettes. Hundred and sixty-five physicians participated in the survey (50.3% child neurologists, 18.8% specialists for ventilator support, 6.1% pediatric palliative care physicians, and 6.1% with more than one of these specializations). Of all physicians, 44.2% confirmed to have experience with SMA type 1 patients using ventilator support. In summary, our results show that physicians' attitudes and experiences about mechanical ventilation in children with SMA type 1 vary considerably and are likely to influence the outcome in informed consent discussions and the hypothetical management in emergency settings.
The angular range of effective pinning by one-dimensional artificial pinning centers in BaZrO3/YBa2Cu3O7-x nanocomposite films
Authors: Ogunjimi Victor , Gautam Bibek , Sebastian Mary Ann , Haugan Timothy , Wu Judy
Published: August 2019

Nanoscale c-axis-aligned one dimensional artificial pinning centers (1D-APC) in superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) films have been shown to provide strong correlated pining to magnetic vortices at magnetic field H//c-axis. A question arises on how the pinning effectiveness is sustained as the H-orientation (θ) deviates from the c-axis and how such an angular range is correlated to the pinning efficiency of an individual 1D-APC. To shed lights on this question, this work investigates the angular range of pinning effectiveness of the BaZrO3 (BZO) 1D-APCs in BZO/YBa2Cu3O7-x nanocomposites as the strain field overlap is systematically varied by increasing the BZO doping level in the range of 2-6 vol.% and by the introduction of the secondary Y2O3 nanoparticles (3D APCs). By evaluating the maximum pinning force density (Fp, max), its location Hmax, and the α values of the nanocomposites normalized to that of the reference YBa2Cu3O7-x film as functions of θ at temperatures of 65–77 K, a quantitative correlation between the pinning efficiency of the BZO 1D-APCs and their effective angular range was obtained. In most samples, the 1D-APCs can provide enhanced Hmax in the range of θ ∼0°-60°. However, the Fp, max values only in nanocomposites with high pinning efficiency 1D-APCs exceed that of the YBa2Cu3O7-x over a smaller range up to θ ∼ 37°. Finally, the introduction of 3D APCs results in reduction of the α values over nearly the entire angular range. This study reveals the importance in improving individual 1D-APC’s pinning efficiency and hence extending its angular range of effective pinning.