bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advancing ecosystem accounting in estuaries: Swartkops Estuary case study
Authors: Taljaard Susan , Van Niekerk Lara , Adams Janine B. , Riddin Taryn
Published: March 2023

Rapid degradation of ecosystems and loss of ecosystem services have sparked interest in developing approaches to report and integrate such change with socio-economic information systems, such as the System of National Accounts. Here we describe an approach and application of ecosystem accounting for individual estuaries, building on approaches previously applied at national and bay levels. Using the Swartkops Estuary as a case study, the focus is on physical accounts for ecosystem extent and condition, as well as accounts for two important ecosystem services (carbon sequestration and recreational use). Pressure accounts are also introduced to demonstrate the value of identifying key areas for management and restoration interventions in response to changes in extent and/or condition accounts. Greater resolution in these account reports, achieved through zoning, provides spatially explicit information on ecosystem assets and their services within an estuary to also inform management decision-making at local level. Further, these accounts can also inform local restoration prioritisation, in support of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (2021–2030), for example offsetting irreversibly degraded areas in one zone with restoration or maintenance of similar habitats in another.
Significance:

This study is the first to apply the ecosystem accounting approach at the individual estuary level.
We provide spatially explicit information on ecosystem assets and their services in support of resource management.
Physical accounts include extent and condition, as well as ecosystem service and pressure accounts.
These accounts inform estuary management and restoration at the local governance level.
Possibilities and Limitations of E-learning in Medical Education
Authors: Im Eun-Jung
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study is to review a variety of e-learning use in medical education, and to analyze the e-learning related research in medical education, finally to discuss possibilities and limitations of e-learning in future. Subjects of this research are 46 papers published in Korean Medical Database, PubMed, MEDLIS, RISS4U. Content analysis of 46 papers have been conducted based on the period of research, research methods, research subjects, study personnel, effectiveness. The results are as follows. First, various e-learning, such as hyper-media, simulation-based medical education (SBME), game-based learning, web-based learning, computer-based test (CBT) are implemented in medical education. Second, 35 research (76.1%) has verified the positive effect of e-learning. Third, in the case of Korean studies, experimental studies (46.2%) in a short period (46.2%) of 50-100 people (42.3%) to take the most. As a result, it is reported a lack of theoretical discussion and insight on e-learning compared to foreign research. Educational paradigms are currently shifting from off-line to on-line, from traditional classroom lecture to e-learning. But e-learning is not a substitution to traditional teaching, but a matter of choice. The choice is up to medical professors and students.
Learning strategies and deep learning
Authors: Shin Hong-Im
Published: March 2023

Learning strategies are defined as behaviors and thoughts that a learner engages in during learning and that are intended to influence the learner’s encoding process. Today, demands for teaching how to learn increase, because there is a lot of complex material which is delivered to students. But learning strategies shouldn be identified as tricks of students for achieving high scores in exams. Cognitive researchers and theorists assume that learning strategies are related to two types of learning processing, which are described as ‘surface learning’ and ‘deep learning’. In addition learning strategies are associated with learning motivation. Students with ‘meaning orientation’ who struggle for deep learning, are intrinsically motivated, whereas students with ‘reproduction orientation’ or ‘achieving orientation’ are extrinsically motivated. Therefore, to foster active learning and intrinsic motivation of students, it isn’t enough to just teach how to learn. Changes of curriculum and assessment methods, that stimulate deep learning and curiosity of students are needed with educators and learners working cooperatively
Remarks for Basic Medical Education Quality Improvement of Yonsei University in Korea
Authors: Ryue Sook-hee , Ahn Duk Sun , Lee Won Taek , Park Jeon Han , Jung Hyun Su , Park Mu Seuk , Yang Eun Bae
Published: March 2023

Medical Students’ competencies depend on the medical school curriculum. Basic medical education, in particular, is an important starting point for further medical competency development. We aimed to identify the most important areas of reform in the basic medical education curriculum of Yonsei Medical School. To accomplish this, we sought case studies of different medical schools and discussion points for quality improvement methods. A qualitative comparison method saturated through the systematic discussions on the emerging thematic approaches to determine the current directions in medical school curriculum reform. The discussions, which involved 7 experts, spanned 8 months and were based on a literature review, with focus on the 7 selected case studies. From the discussions, we concluded that in order to improve basic medical education curriculum, the following measures need to be carried out. First, an outcome-based curriculum is to be designed. The expected outcome is to be deliberately and succinctly defined and should be expressed as teaching and learning objectives. Second, the core subjects and elective subjects are to be classified on the basis of the aim, content, and passage level of the subjects. Hence, the core curriculum must be treated as a standard part of medical knowledge, and the elective curriculum must be richer and more in-depth. Third, universities should institutionalize regular evaluation of their departments. Appropriate and just evaluations should be made, and feedback given to the school’s administrative department. Fourth, the departmental and administrative management of the basic medical education curriculum should be harmonized with each other. Finally, teaching and learning resources are to be increased and diversified and made available to professors and students for basic medical education.
Application to the Dilemma Discussion Program: Ethics and Character Education for Medical Students
Authors: Hong Sung-hoon
Published: March 2023

The current medical practices in Korea have raised many new ethical issues. The current education system in med- ical colleges, however, is finding it difficult to cope with these rapidly arising medical issues. Many educators, therefore, became much more concerned about the importance of ethics and character education in medical colleges, but teaching methods or educational programs centered around the same have not yet been developed. Dilemma discussion is regarded as an available teaching method but is not frequently used in medical education. In this respect, this study aims to apply dilemma discussion programs to ethics and character education for medical students. It was discovered that dilemma discussion is an effective instructional method for enhancing the moral reasoning ability of medical students. According to Rest°Øs theoretical framework, however, a dilemma discussion program focuses on two components of morality: moral judgment and moral sensitivity. Moral judgment and moral sensitivity are major components in predicting moral behaviors. Therefore, the target of dilemma discussion programs is to focus on these two components. It is reasonable to integrate moral judgment with moral sensitivity for ethics and character education in medical schools.
The Attributes and Practical Principle of Medical Professionalism
Authors: Hwang Eun Young , Yang Eunbae
Published: March 2023

it is the most important thing at present for physicians to posses the qualification of medical professionalism. A lot of medical schools have made all-out efforts to develop leaders of medicine, who will be able to meet the needs of medical professionalism in this complex medical environment. The purpose of this study is to review the cognitive base of medical professionalism leading the curriculum development of medical professionalism. The discussion of medical professionalism started in the 20th century. During the 1960s, there were attempts to reshape the concepts and attributes of medical professionalism. The government began to intervene in the autonomy of physician and the self regulation policy of medical society in 1970s. Physician may be asked to play as a healer and professional (what?) during their medical practice. The fundamental role of healer such as care, compassion, honesty, integrity, confidentiality, ethical behaviors, and respect with patients were nothing fresh to tell even though the age was changed. The attributes of professional which are physician’s autonomy, self regulation, teamwork, and responsibility to society has been changed dramatically over the past five decades. In general, medical educators agreed that professionalism is demonstrated through a foundation of clinical competence, communication skills, and ethical and legal understanding, upon which is built application of the principles of professionalism: excellence, accountability, altruism, and humanism. If physicians fail to show professionalism in society, they will confront the crisis which can be under the government control. The only way to keep their autonomy is to practice medical professionalism. So far today, medical schools have laid more stress on competence than value standards in educational systems and it was restricted for medical students to learn the value standards for medical practice. To understand and practice the medical professionalism, it is the most realistic way to solve the complicated medical problems.
Suggestions for the Improvement of Medical Humanities Education
Authors: Jeon Wootaek
Published: March 2023

Medical humanities has become a third area of medical education following basic and clinical medicine. Also, in the national evaluation of medical schools, medical humanities education is an important factor. However, there are many difficulties in teaching medical humanities in medical schools. First, it is still an unfamiliar education area to medical schools and professors. Second, still, there is no consensus on the definition and contents of this education. Third, it is usually very difficult to find professors who have interest and the ability to teach medical humanities. Fourth, even medical students do not understand why they should study medical humanities and sometimes do not eagerly participate in class. This paper suggests some solutions for these problems. First, medical humanities need to be divided into sections according to how easily the contents can be accepted by existing medical education system and apply these sections in the introduction of this education gradually and in stage. One example of the division can be as follows: Group 1) medical ethics and medical law which can be most easily accepted. Group 2) medical communication skills which can be relatively easily accepted. Group 3) medical history and medical professionalism which is relatively difficult to accept, and Group 4) medical philosophy, medicine and music, medicine and literature, medicine and art, medicine and religion, etc. which is the most difficult to accept. In this paper, four things are suggested. Second, divide the contents into mendatory courses and elective courses. Third, allocate the contents throughout the four years from the first year though the fourth year according to the spiral curriculum model. This paper reports some new ideas and methods for medical humanities education. First, to stimulate students’ participation, several methods were applied in a large size lecture and student projects. Second, the emphasis of writing in class and evaluation were discussed. Third, the provision of hands on experience is more emphasized than lectures. Fourth, inviting some doctors who work in non-medical areas such as journalism, pharmaceutical industry, etc is suggested. Trial and error is inevitable in this education, but it is essential in molding a good doctor, so medical professors who are interested or in charge of this medical humanities education need to share their ideas and experiences.
Brining a Change in Medical Education
Authors: Jeon Woo Taek
Published: March 2023

Every medical school aims to provide better education, and it sometimes requires changing the current education system. However, an attempt for a change may not always be successful. In many cases, it is so not because an intended change was not properly directed but because conflicts in the process of adopting the change were not properly handled. This paper suggests seven points for how to successfully bring a change in medical education. First, the medical education should not simply focus on the pass rate of the national medical examination but also on the cultivation of creative leaders. Second, the faculty of medical school should be creative, self-motivated, and passionate. Third, people in charge of an intended change should have a good understanding of complicated dynamics between the dean’s office, medical education experts, professors, and students. Fourth, people who are leading the change should also grasp the possibility that a well-intended change might not be well-received by professors, students, and dean due to their tendency to be complacent with the current system. Fifth, a successful introduction of a change requires good teamwork of a thinker, an actor, and a coordinator. Sixth, a change takes time as it takes place through a step-by-step process. Seventh, an attempt for a change accompanies a negotiation with professors with different thoughts and views regarding education, and people who want a change need to be flexible in that negotiation. In addition to these seven points, people who are responsible for a change should be consistent and consider the renown of the school.
The Connecting Paradigm between Skills and Free Imagination
Authors: Lee Ho Young
Published: March 2023

T he status of medical doctors is relatively high in society. However, in spite of this acknowledged status, physicians are not aware of the extent to which they have the ability to care for patients or how much effort they should make to meet people’s expectations. Therefore, we should examine what society asks of doctors and how doctors need to be educated to meet the expectations of society. In this article, the author asserts that physicians need four skills. First, doctors should know how to speak and communicate. In the work of a doctor, language is the most important for tasks such as understanding texts, communication with patients, analyzing data, and starting new projects. Second, doctors should have intuition. In a doctor’s medical judgment, intuition is very important and it can initiate from an educated guess. In other words, good intuition can be developed based on a good educated guess, which in turn can derive from one’s explored knowledge, communication with one’s inner dialogues, and good interpretation skill. Third, doctors should have creativity. Doctors should produce an image about patients from intuition, and those intuitions are based on creativity. Usually, students in medical school have creative ability; therefore, the instructor should facilitate their learning to connect this creativity to free imagination ability and medical skills. Fourth, doctors should be humane. Patients want to communicate with doctors about their disease and further about their lives. The reason why a humane doctor is important is that this humane approach itself could cure patients and reduce their pain. When a doctor’s humane attitude is realized in the hospital, the patients and doctors could be pleased sincerely.
Happiness of Medical Students and Tasks in Medical Education
Authors: Lim Eun Bi
Published: March 2023

Purpose: Core competencies for becoming a good physician have been the focus of recent discussion. Understanding students’ state of mind should be included in this analysis. Thus, the purpose of this study was to review recent research papers on subjective well-being in medical education and propose some suggestions. Methods: A selective search was conducted of the literature that has been published since 2000 in the Medline, Riss4U, ERIC, and KoreaMed databases using the search terms “happiness”, “subjective well-being”, “satisfaction”, and “stress”. Thirty seven studies were included in this review. Each was categorized according to 3 subjects (satisfaction, positive affect, negative affect). Results: Most studies showed relatively high levels of distress in medical students, which was related to academic worries. Although medical students were under a great deal of distress, they regarded help-seeking behavior for their distress as weakness or something negative. Conclusion: To decrease medical students’ distress and sustain their well-being, there should be a change in students’ awareness through curriculum, teaching methods, and coping strategies in medical education.
Faculty Perceptions of the Improvement and Effort for the Achievement of Quality in Nursing Education through Accreditation in Baccalaureate Nursing Programs
Authors: Kim Kon Hee
Published: March 2023

T his study investigated faculty perceptions of the improvement and effort for achievement of the quality of nursing educa- tion through accreditation in baccalaureate nursing programs in 2006. Survey data from 190 professors of 33 accredited nursing schools were statistically analyzed using SPSS ver. 19.0 software with descriptive statistics, t-tests, and ANOVA. Through accreditation, about two-thirds of subjects perceived that the quality of education had ‘improved’ and the purposes of the accreditation were moderately successfully achieved (score 3.50). They also perceived their schools made a strong attempt (score 4.24) to assure quality. The perception scores of efforts to assure the quality of education varied significantly according to the characteristics of the subjects, the existence of a university hospital, the type of college, and the year of school founding. There were significant differences between the level of improvement in education and the extent of effort to assure the quality of education. Accreditation contributed to improved quality of nursing education except for some issues which need more consideration. To maintain high quality, the accreditation of baccalaureate nursing programs should be performed with continuity and on a regular basis.
Enhancement of Professionalism in Medical Education
Authors: Lee Young-Hwan
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this article is to discuss the enhancement of medical professionalism and the artisan spirit proposed by Yu and to suggest curriculum content and methods to improve medical professionalism. Professionals are those who can share their knowledge with others and proceed under self-reflection on moral values and social expectations. The goal of medical education is to cultivate students to be good as well as to do well. To achieve this goal, educators should foster students to be good doctors for 99% of patients, rather than to be high performers for 1% of patients. There are two types of curriculum for medical professionalism: hidden and formative curricula. In these curricula, we doctors may be good role models for medical students. The curriculum contents and the methods for implementation that are based on accumulated experience can be embedded into education on professionalism. In addition, as suggested by Miller, how to evaluate medical professionalism based on a framework of clinical assessment must be discussed. Finally, it is suggested that the process of education on medical professionalism should be a kind of cultural movement to raise good doctors.
The Effect of Remedial Precepted Video Review on Clinical Performance Examination Scores
Authors: Kim Jong Hoon
Published: March 2023

Purpose: Precepted video review (PVR) has been considered one of the methods for the remediation of clinical performance examinations (CPX). This study quantified the effect of brief PVR on CPX scores. Methods: For two years, final-year students (61 students in the 1st year’s cohort and 54 in the 2nd year’s cohort) participated in CPXs. The scores on the initial CPX were announced to the students shortly after that CPX administration. There was no PVR after the initial CPX in the 1st year. All participants of the 2nd year were notified of the opportunity to voluntarily receive brief PVR after the initial CPX. Several months after the initial CPX, the students took the latter CPX in both years. The differences of scores between initial and latter CPX were compared in good performers and poor performers of the initial CPX. Results: Thirteen poor performers and 8 good performers received PVR in the 2nd year. In the 1st year, history taking (Hx), physical examination, and patient physician interaction (PPI) scores of the good performers of the initial CPX were significantly decreased on the latter CPX. In the 2nd year, the Hx and PPI scores of the good performers of the initial CPX, who received PVR, were significantly decreased at the latter CPX. The Hx and PPI scores of the poor performers of the initial CPX were significantly increased at the latter CPX in both years regardless of PVR. Conclusion: The changes in CPX scores according to PVR did not show any consistent trend. Brief PVR appears to be not sufficient for improving CPX scores
What is Outcome-Based Education?
Authors: Kim Bok Ki , Min Sang Won , Yoon Woo Young
Published: March 2023

Outcome-Based education (OBE) is reviewed from the institutional perspective. The demand for and international trends in OBE are briefly examined and several term related to OBE, especially educational objective and program outcomes (POs), are introduced. It is stressed that systems for continuous quality improvement and quality assurance should be established to ensure the maintenance of the OBE system. Because the criteria for accreditation contain a criterion regarding the quality assurance related to program outcomes, several critical issues are considered regarding the POs themselves and the reduction of the POs. The core value of OBE is not only to provide appropriate education services to students to prepare them with the minimum skills and abilities for advancing their professional service, but also to guarantee the quality of graduates. In addition, the educational program should be continuously improved by employing the evaluation results acquired during the operation of the OBE systems. It is certain that an OBE system is one important aspect of student-centered education.
The Development of Outcome-Based Curriculum in Medical Schools Outside Korea
Authors: Han Jae-Jin
Published: March 2023

In medicine, rapid changes in information, technology, socio-economic interests, and globalization affect the medical education focused on the competencies of doctors, and the number of medical schools that are adopting an outcome-based curriculum (OBC) is increasing worldwide. This paper introduces the OBC model of 5 trailblazing medical schools from the UK, US, and Australia, comparing their unique features, followed by brief comment about Canada and the EU as well. On developing an OBC, the process of establishing the top outcomes for graduates is similar and the outcomes comprise knowledge, skills, and attitudes about science, patients, colleagues, society, and themselves. Implementing the outcomes down into the sub-levels of the curriculum is much more complicated and time-consuming. Assessing the achievement of every outcome is essential and requires the use of many tools in addition to the traditional written examination. From the perspective of adult learning theory, self-directed learning, team-learning, and individual and flexible achievement are tested and executed in an OBC. The gradual expansion and further innovation of an OBC is expected so that tomorrow’s doctors will be able to meet the challenges of the future.
Assessment in Outcome-Based Education
Authors: Im Sun Ju
Published: March 2023

Assessment plays a vital role in outcome-based education (OBE). This article describes the characteristics of assessment and appropriate assessment instruments for measuring learning outcomes in OBE. Assessment in OBE needs to be formative, continuous, and frequent. Miller’s pyramid is useful for selecting the appropriate assessment instruments to reflect a specific outcome; different methods can be applied to evaluate one outcome. Outcomes and competency mean that student must ‘do’; therefore, performance tests are emphasized. Qualitative methods as well as quantitative methods are used to evaluate the outcomes of areas such as professionalism or ethics. An absolute criterion-based standard is usually applied to decide whether students pass or fail, but the decision should be based on gathering value judgments and reaching consensus. Active participation of faculty members and students in assessment is crucial.
Development of an Outcome-Based Medical Curriculum: A Case Report from The Catholic University of Korea School of Medicine
Authors: Kim Sun , Park Joo Hyun , Yoo Nam Jin , Lee Soo Jung
Published: March 2023

The recent medical education paradigm shift from teacher-centered to student-centered education, has led to a concentration on students’ performance and competency. This means that a physician should be able to provide adequate health care in any real medical treatment situation. In order to reflect such a paradigm shift, The Catholic University of Korea School of Medicine launched a new curriculum in 2009 that emphasizes students’ performance and competency-based education, known as “outcome-based education.“ In outcome-based education, the educational process is determined by the desired outcome, signifying the detailed competency that a graduating student should have. Thus, in outcome-based education, we should first determine the competency that results from adequate training and education, followed by specific teaching and learning strategies, methods, and assessment. This paper reviews how The Catholic University School of Medicine developed its new curriculum according to the development steps of outcome-based education.
The Career Counseling Program in Medical Schools outside Korea
Authors: Chung Eun-Kyung
Published: March 2023

Medical students can choose to pursue any of a large number of specialties. This diversity reflects exciting opportunities, yet it also present significant challenges, such as providing medical students with adequate resources and guidance to help them to make informed career decisions. Additionally, because the medical internship will be abolished in the near future, many Korean medical schools have recently focused on implementing a career planning and advising program. This paper describes the Careers in Medicine (CiM) program offered by the Association of American Medical Colleges as a framework for other schools to adopt or adapt as they consider the best ways to address the career counseling needs of their own students. CiM is a comprehensive career planning program that provides students with the skills, information, and resources to choose a specialty and residency program that meets their career goals. CiM follows a four-year, four-step career planning process including self-understanding, exploring a variety of medical careers, and finally choosing a specialty. The CiM program has been evaluated as successful because of widespread participation and positive feedback from medical students. The information in this study can be used to develop a formal career advising program throughout the four years of medical school.
Current and Future Challenges of Student Assessment in Medical Education from an Outcome-based Education Perspective
Authors: Park Jang Hee
Published: March 2023

Most medical colleges in Korea have been shifting from traditional education to outcome-based education, which is the general trend in medical education. The purpose of this study was to make some suggestions in light of the reality and challenges of student assessment in medical education from the perspective of outcome-based education. First, those who are responsible for student assessment should be diversified to include faculty, residents, students, and evaluation committee members. They need separate roles in educational evaluation, so evaluation competencies are required for them. Second, various methods for evaluation and score interpretation can be used for effective evaluation. We can adopt diagnostic, formative, and summative evaluation functionally, and the norm-referenced, criterion-referenced, growth-referenced, and ability-referenced evaluation based on criteria for score interpretation. Finally, various evaluation domains and test forms can be administered together in the common lectures in the medical school. We can test not only knowledge but also skills and attitudes, with diverse test forms such as supply and performance types.
The Effects and Challenges of Clinical Skills Assessment in the Korean Medical License Examination
Authors: Kim Jong Hoon
Published: March 2023

Clinical skills assessment was recently introduced to the Korean Medical License Examination to test medical school graduates’ competencies in clinical skills. Various measures, including research and rehearsals, had been undertaken to prepare for the assessment for several years before the clinical skills assessment was first implemented. The assessment has been repeated annually for about 3,500 examinees over the course of 50 days per year for the past 4 years. The introduction of the assessment had significant effects on education in Korea’s medical schools. Many schools have established clinical skills labs and the teaching of clinical skills has also been strengthened. The residents who have taken the clinical skills exam now express more confidence in caring for patients. To improve the quality of the assessment, it should be performed on a year-round schedule and a pilot test and various forms of the items should be introduced.
Competency‐Based Psychiatry Residency Training Program Development in South Korea
Authors: Kyeon Yeong Gi , Kim Jong-Woo , Shim Se-Hoon , Sohn In-Ki , Seo Jeong-Seok , Lee Kang-Uk
Published: March 2023

Psychiatry residency training in South Korea currently has many limits in developing proper competencies of residents. To address this problem, the Korean Neuropsychiatric Association has been developing a new competency-based training program since 2015, using the educational systems of advanced countries such as Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Australia as references. It was found that within the referenced countries’ residency training systems, objectives based on competencies are stated in detail by psychiatric topics as well as various assessment methods and feedback about the resident’s competency level. In addition, we surveyed psychiatric resident training hospitals, and found that more than 80% of the respondents answered positively in reference to the new training program. This paper briefly reviews competency-based residency training systems of advanced countries and compares them to the current training program in South Korea. Many resources are needed to run a new competency-based training program, and governmental supports are essential to improve the quality of the residency training system.
Doctors’ Images Represented in the Korean Press: From a Perspective of the Korean Doctor’s Role 2014
Authors: Kim Kyong-Jee , Yoo Kyung-Eun , Hwang Jee-Young
Published: March 2023

This study examined doctors’ images represented in the Korean press to identify overall public perceptions of doctors and to suggest areas for improvement to enhance their image. All news reports published in the two major Korean daily newspapers between years 2011 and 2015 related to doctors and the practice of medicine were searched and collected. The news reports were categorized into the five competency domains in the Korean doctor’s role (i.e., patient care, communication and cooperation, social accountability, professionalism, and education and research). Each news item was coded as being either positive or negative and was given a score regarding the extent to which positive or negative image that it represents of doctors using the Doctor Image Scale (DIS) score. A total of 314 news reports were collected, a majority of which were on patient care (36%), professionalism (33%), and social accountability (23%). Positive stories slightly outnumbered negative ones (56% vs. 44%). The largest number of positive news reports was in patient care (n=82); negative news reports most frequently appeared in professionalism (n=99) and patient care (n=32). The total DIS score was also positive (+28): the highest positive DIS score was in social accountability (+164); the highest negative DIS score was obtained in professionalism (-226). This study revealed overall positive portrayals of doctors in the Korean press, yet doctors need to better comply with regulations and ethical guidelines and enhance their medical knowledge and clinical skills and to improve their image.
Patient Safety Education for Medical Students: Global Trends and Korea’s Status
Authors: Roh HyeRin
Published: March 2023

This study is a narrative review introducing global trends in patient safety education within medical schools and exploring the status of Korean education. Core competences for patient safety include patient centeredness, teamwork, evidence- and information-based practice, quality improvement, addressing medical errors, managing human factors and system complexity, and patient safety knowledge and responsibility. According to a Korean report addressing the role of doctors, patient safety was described as a subcategory of clinical care. Doctors’ roles in patient safety included taking precautions, educating patients about the side effects of drugs, and implementing rapid treatment and appropriate follow-up when patient safety is compromised. The Korean Association of Medical Colleges suggested patient safety competence as one of eight essential human and society-centered learning outcomes. They included appropriate attitude and knowledge, human factors, a systematic approach, teamwork skills, engaging with patients and carers, and dealing with common errors. Four Korean medical schools reported integration of a patient safety course in their preclinical curriculum. Studies have shown that students experience difficulty in reporting medical errors because of hierarchical culture. It seems that patient safety is considered in a narrow sense and its education is limited in Korea. Patient safety is not a topic for dealing with only adverse events, but a science to prevent and detect early system failure. Patient safety emphasizes patient perspectives, so it has a different paradigm of medical ethics and professionalism, which have doctor-centered perspectives. Medical educators in Korea should understand patient safety concepts to implement patient safety curriculum. Further research should be done on communication in hierarchical culture and patient safety education during clerkship.
Effects of Academic Relationships on Academic Burnout in Health Professions Students
Authors: Jang Junhwan , Bae Seonhwan , Kim Gyungjae , Kim Doyoung , Park Junseong , Lee Seunghyeon , Park Mira , Kim Do-Hwan
Published: March 2023

There are several dimensions of academic burnout experienced by medical and health science college students. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of academic relationships on academic burnout. Data was collected from 476 Eulji University students using an online survey over 4 days in April of 2018. Of the 264 respondents, 111 studied medicine (42.0%), 105 studied nursing (39.8%), and 48 studied clinical pathology (18.1%). The questionnaire was composed of the following sections: demographics (four questions), general life characteristics (seven questions), academic enthusiasm (eight questions), academic relationships (15 questions), and academic burnout sub-dimensions (partially revised Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey Scale) (11 questions). T-tests and one-way analysis of variance were performed to illustrate the differences among the three departments. The effects of academic relationships and academic enthusiasm on academic burnout were analyzed using linear regression. Comparing the three departments, academic burnout was not found to be statistically significant (p=0.296). However, medical students’ academic enthusiasm was significantly lower (p
Social Accountability of Medical Schools: Concept and Implementation
Authors: Gil Yoon Min , Jeon Woo Taek
Published: March 2023

Medical schools have been working to produce competent doctors and improve the quality of care by introducing and implementing new curricula and innovative teaching and learning methods. Despite these efforts, health disparities within and between countries still exist. To close these gaps, medical schools must identify the priorities of the community, region, and/or nation and conduct education, research, and service that reflect them—the core foundation of the social accountability of medical schools. Many medical schools and networks around the world have tried to achieve social accountability, but this needs more attention in Korea. This study will review the literature in aims to improve understanding and promote the implementation of the social accountability of medical schools. Most medical schools that practice the principles of social accountability focus primarily on the medically underserved in their communities or those who have limited access to health services, and have built collaborative partnerships with stakeholders to meet the needs of society. In addition, in order to implement social accountability effectively and efficiently, medical schools have developed strategies and various evaluation frameworks appropriate to the context of each school. To have more socially accountable medical schools, it is necessary to clarify the concept of social accountability and to establish a system that can evaluate the impacts. Medical schools exist to alleviate suffering and promote health, and this can be accomplished through social accountability.
Regulation of Partner Financing: a Legal Experiment and its Participants
Authors: Ivanov O. M.
Published: March 2023

The article discusses the regulation for new type of financial operations — partner financing (Islamic banking), and for the organizations providing such operations. Particular attention is paid to the implementation of the experimental legal regime (ELR) and the prospects for the future widespread implementation of appropriate regulation. Under ELR such operations can be carried out by both financial and non-financial companies. The legal requirements are compliance with the rules established by law, inclusion in the special register of the Bank of Russia and supervision by the regulator. One of the basic principles of Islamic finance is the risk sharing between investor and financial institution. For this reason, classical contractual interestbearing instruments (loans, credits and deposits) are unsuitable to impose the obligations on them. The novelty factor for the Russian financial market of partner, non-interest-bearing financial products (services) makes them potentially less understandable for investors and regulators in matters of pricing, valuation, and asset quality.
Blockchain como Soporte tecnológico de las Cadenas de Suministro Marítimas
Authors: Guzman Arjona Erika Maria , Luque Cervantes José Manuel , Ariza Avendaño Rafael Antonio , Vanegas Tatis Andrés Genaro
Published: March 2023

El transporte marítimo representa el 90% del movimiento internacional de carga, siendo motor de la economía global, pero enfrentando altos costos administrativos y el impacto negativo en el medio ambiente. La tecnología Blockchain se ha convertido en catalizador positivo para la eficiencia de los procesos administrativos del sector marítimo apoyados en la transmisión de datos en tiempo real: eliminando la presentación de documentos impresos, agilizando la operación logística de carga, mejorando el control de la trazabilidad y proporcionando una solución respetuosa con el medio ambiente.  Blockchain representa un ahorro de costos y la creación de sistemas comerciales eficientes en todas las partes involucradas. El presente artículo de revisión pretende identificar las cualidades del Blockchain en las cadenas de suministro marítima
Quality Control Analysis to Detect Defects in Drywall Fastener Screws
Authors: Assan-Barrios Karolay , Castro-García Lía , Fontalvo-Altamiranda Diana , Hernández-Robledo Alvaro , Ramírez-Giraldo Stefania , Troncoso Palacio Alexander
Published: March 2023

Screws are pieces designed to join two or more elements, they are composed of three parts that are thread, neck, and head. Depending on the type of material they are made of their size and functionality can acquire different characteristics. This article describes the way in which a sample of 200 2-inch screws used for drywall were evaluated to detect potential failures in their manufacturing, through the application of quality tools, with which the main factors that intervene to achieve the best quality of these products were determined. In addition, the study of a real case allowed us to demonstrate feasible improvements that can be applied not only in a certain area, but in the whole industry, since the quality of a product also determines the potential growth of a company. The results obtained showed the degree of affectation of each defect, being advisable for the company to focus on bent screws, screws with deformed tips and screws with incorrect measurements, as these represent greater losses. In conclusion, in the industry it is necessary to use and manage tools to increase the productivity and quality of the processes, thus having a significant impact on all areas of production, achieving the best possible final product.
Análisis de Trabajo Seguro Como Soporte para la Evaluación del Riesgo Biomecánico Durante el Transporte de Mercancía con Montacargas: Un Caso De Estudio
Authors: Cárcamo-Coronado Tatiana , Castilla-Perez Maria-Milena , Gutiérrez-Suarez Karol-Viviana , Rodríguez-Escobar Ginna-Andrea , Suarez-Marenco Maria-Karina , Ortiz Barrios Miguel Ángel
Published: March 2023

Este artículo propone el análisis de trabajo seguro enfocado en la evaluación del riesgo biomecánico en actividades de movimiento de mercancía con montacargas realizadas en una compañía logística. El estudio permitirá detallar los movimientos del trabajador y medir el nivel de riesgo biomecánico por medio de un holograma, el cual es una alternativa que admitirá desarrollar operaciones confiables, gestionando la seguridad de forma integral con acciones preventivas. Se utilizará una metodología tipo experimental para validar su funcionalidad, por medio de evaluación ergonómica de puesto de trabajo a través del método REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment), en donde se obtuvo un resultado de 7 lo cual evidencia un nivel de riesgo medio con intervención y análisis necesaria. Dicho resultado sugiere efectuar una revisión exhaustiva de las puntuaciones individuales obtenidas para las diferentes partes del cuerpo, así como para las fuerzas, agarre y actividad; con el fin de determinar las correcciones necesarias las cuales incluirían rediseño del puesto o introducción de cambios para mejorar determinadas posturas críticas, también reevaluar dichos cambios para comprobar la efectividad de la mejora.
Reproducción, campo de batalla en la esfera pública: el discurso antifeminista de la nueva derecha radical neoliberal española
Authors: Sales Gelabert Tomeu
Published: March 2023

El objetivo del texto es analizar la emergencia en la esfera pública del discurso sobre la reproducción de la nueva derecha radical neoliberal española que representa el partido Vox. Se caracterizará su perfil ideológico y se examinará la interconexión entre sus elementos neoliberales y conservadores-tradicionales. Analizaremos sus propuestas políticas en torno a la reproducción biológica y reproducción social, como lugares privilegiados para explorar la combinación estable entre elementos neoliberales y conservadores-tradicionales. Metodológicamente se realizará un análisis cualitativo de los textos programáticos de Vox, así como de proyectos e intervenciones parlamentarias de su grupo político. Los resultados de la investigación son principalmente dos: a) mostrar cómo Vox ha convertido el ámbito de la reproducción en un campo de conflicto político, con el objetivo de defender políticas antiigualitarias y antidemocráticas que refuerzan el orden social individualista y tradicionalista; b) analizar la combinación de elementos neoliberales y conservadores-tradicionales para desactivar políticas feministas igualitaristas y de deconstrucción democrática del orden sexo-genérico. Su concepción restrictiva del poder político, la invisibilización de las desigualdades sociales y la defensa de valores tradicionales muestra una combinación estable de elementos que desactivan cualquier intento de transformación igualitarista y emancipadora de las opresiones y desigualdades de género.
Horizontal cooperation and financial relations in Spain: An analysis on how the Autonomous Communities set the agenda for the reform of territorial financing
Authors: Romero Caro Francisco Javier
Published: March 2023

El sistema de financiación autonómica aprobado en 2009 debía renovarse en 2014. Sin embargo, el Gobierno central y las comunidades autónomas han sido incapaces de forjar un acuerdo que dé lugar a un nuevo sistema. La inestabilidad política con cuatro elecciones en menos de cinco años, la crisis en Cataluña y la pandemia han dificultado un proceso ya de por sí complejo. Este estudio pretende investigar cómo las diferentes comunidades autónomas han tratado de marcar la agenda antes de entablar negociaciones con el Gobierno central en el Consejo de Política Fiscal y Financiera (CPFF) para discutir un nuevo acuerdo. Para ello, se examinan las diferentes posiciones mantenidas por las CC. AA, prestando atención a cómo estas se han agrupado, independientemente de su adscripción política. La solución de establecer varios frentes comunes entre CC. AA. con las mismas necesidades/objetivos constituye una novedad en la política española que merece ser explorada. Así, el estudio analiza el papel desempeñado por la cooperación horizontal en el proceso de fijación de la agenda antes del inicio de las negociaciones formales sobre un nuevo sistema en el CPFF, con el objetivo de determinar su utilidad y eficacia para influir en el gobierno central en la mesa de negociación.
Los carteles del Frente Popular en las elecciones de 1936: un estudio comparado entre España y Francia
Authors: Fuentes Juan Francisco , Orobon Marie-Angèle
Published: March 2023

Este artículo aborda las estrategias electorales de los frentes populares creados en España y Francia en 1936, que obtuvieron la victoria en las elecciones celebradas, respectivamente, en febrero y abril-mayo de aquel año. La investigación se centra en el inventario temático y en el análisis de contenido de los carteles utilizados por la coalición de izquierdas en la campaña electoral y plantea la relación entre el contexto histórico nacional e internacional y los mensajes verbales y visuales transmitidos a los electores. Entre las diferencias que se observan destaca el mayor protagonismo de la mujer como leitmotiv y destinataria de un buen número de carteles españoles, debido a la existencia en España de sufragio femenino. En el antifascismo genérico que inspira los carteles del Frente Popular a uno y otro lado de los Pirineos se advierte asimismo una modulación adaptada a las circunstancias políticas de cada país, con la Revolución de Octubre de 1934 y sus secuelas como elemento recurrente de la propaganda del FP español y, en el caso francés, el recuerdo de los estragos causados por la Gran Guerra.