bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What drives the spatial variability of primary productivity and matter fluxes in the north-west African upwelling system? A modelling approach
Authors: Auger Pierre-Amaël , Gorgues Thomas , Machu Eric , Aumont Olivier , Brehmer Patrice
Published: November 2016

Abstract. A comparative box analysis based on a multi-decadal physical–biogeochemical hindcast simulation (1980–2009) was conducted to characterize the drivers of the spatial distribution of phytoplankton biomass and production in the north-west (NW) African upwelling system. Alongshore geostrophic flow related to large-scale circulation patterns associated with the influence of coastal topography is suggested to modulate the coastal divergence, and then the response of nutrient upwelling to wind forcing. In our simulation, this translates into a coastal upwelling of nitrate being significant in all regions but the Cape Blanc (CB) area. However, upwelling is found to be the dominant supplier of nitrate only in the northern Saharan Bank (NSB) and the Senegalo-Mauritanian (SM) regions. Elsewhere, nitrate supply is dominated by meridional advection, especially off Cape Blanc. Phytoplankton displays a similar behaviour with a supply by lateral advection which equals the net coastal phytoplankton growth in all coastal regions except the Senegalo-Mauritanian area. Noticeably, in the Cape Blanc area, the net coastal phytoplankton growth is mostly sustained by high levels of regenerated production exceeding new production by more than twofold, which is in agreement with the locally weak input of nitrate by coastal upwelling. Further offshore, the distribution of nutrients and phytoplankton is explained by the coastal circulation. Indeed, in the northern part of our domain (i.e. Saharan Bank), the coastal circulation is mainly alongshore, resulting in low offshore lateral advection of nutrients and phytoplankton. Conversely, lateral advection transports coastal nutrients and phytoplankton towards offshore areas in the latitudinal band off the Senegalo-Mauritanian region. Moreover, this latter offshore region benefits from transient southern intrusions of nutrient-rich waters from the Guinean upwelling.
A 21,000 year record of organic matter quality in the WAIS
Divide ice core
Authors: D'Andrilli Juliana , Foreman Christine M. , Sigl Michael , Priscu John C. , McConnell Joseph R.
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Englacial ice contains a significant reservoir of organic material (OM), preserving a chronological record of materials from Earth's past. Here, we investigate if OM quality surveys in ice core research can provide paleoecological information on the dynamic nature of our Earth through time. Temporal trends in OM quality from the early Holocene extending back to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide (WD) ice core were measured by fluorescence spectroscopy. Fluorescent intensity fluctuations and PARAFAC modelling of fluorescent OM from the LGM (27.0–18,0 kyrs BP; before present 1950), through the last deglaciation (LD; 18.0–11.5 kyrs BP), to the early to mid-Holocene (11.5–6.0 kyrs BP) provided evidence of different types of OM chemical species in the WD ice core over 21.0 kyrs. Two proteinaceous PARAFAC components (C1 and C2) were characteristic of fluorescent OM prevailing in all climate periods, suggesting a strong signature of labile microbial OM. A humic-like component (C3), characteristic of terrestrial and marine OM fluorescence, was only observed during the Holocene, suggesting that recalcitrant OM may be an ecological marker of warmer climates. Fluctuations in WD ice core OM fluorescence over 21.0 kyrs BP may be driven by environmental changes at the source, and potentially its interaction with the atmosphere. We suggest that fluorescent OM signatures observed during the LGM were the result of greater continental dust loading of microbially derived proteinaceous material in a drier climate, with lower marine influences when sea ice extent was higher, and continents had more expansive tundra cover. As the climate warmed, the OM quality record in the WD ice core changed, reflecting shifts in carbon productivity as a result of global ecosystem response.
Non–linear intensification of Sahel rainfall as a dynamic response to future warming
Authors: Schewe Jacob , Levermann Anders
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Projections of the response of Sahel rainfall to future global warming diverge significantly. Meanwhile, paleoclimatic records suggest that Sahel rainfall is capable of abrupt transitions in response to gradual forcing. Here we present climate modeling evidence for the possibility of an abrupt intensification of Sahel rainfall under future climate change. Analyzing 30 coupled global climate model simulations, we identify seven models where central Sahel rainfall increases by 40 % to 300 % over the 21st century, owing to a northward expansion of the West African monsoon domain. Rainfall in these models is non–linearly related to sea surface temperature (SST) in the tropical Atlantic moisture source region, intensifying abruptly beyond a certain SST warming level. We argue that this behaviour is consistent with a self–amplifying dynamic–thermodynamical feedback, implying that the gradual increase in oceanic moisture availability under warming could trigger a sudden intensification of monsoon rainfall far inland of today's core monsoon region.
Long-term elevation of temperature affects organic N turnover and associated N2O emissions in a permanent grassland soil
Authors: Jansen-Willems Anne B. , Lanigan Gary J. , Clough Timothy J. , Andresen Louise C. , Müller Christoph
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Over the last century an increase in mean soil surface temperature has been observed, and it is predicted to increase further in the future. In order to evaluate the legacy effects of increased temperature on both nitrogen (N) transformation rates in the soil and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, an incubation experiment and modelling approaches were combined. Based on previous observations that gross N transformations in soils are affected by long-term elevated-temperature treatments we hypothesized that any associated effects on gaseous N emissions (e.g. N2O) can be confirmed by a change in the relative emission rates from various pathways. Soils were taken from a long-term in situ warming experiment on temperate permanent grassland. In this experiment the soil temperature was elevated by 0 (control), 1, 2 or 3 °C (four replicates per treatment) using IR (infrared) lamps over a period of 6 years. The soil was subsequently incubated under common conditions (20 °C and 50 % humidity) and labelled as NO315NH4 Gly, 15NO3NH4 Gly or NO3NH4 15N-Gly. Soil extractions and N2O emissions were analysed using a 15N tracing model and source-partitioning model. Both total inorganic N (NO3− + NH4+) and NO3− contents were higher in soil subjected to the +2 and +3 °C temperature elevations (pre- and post-incubation). Analyses of N transformations using a 15N tracing model showed that, following incubation, gross organic (but not inorganic) N transformation rates decreased in response to the prior soil warming treatment. This was also reflected in reduced N2O emissions associated with organic N oxidation and denitrification. Furthermore, a newly developed source-partitioning model showed the importance of oxidation of organic N as a source of N2O. In conclusion, long-term soil warming can cause a legacy effect which diminishes organic N turnover and the release of N2O from organic N and denitrification.
Photographs of the “Dust of the Highway”: Georgiana Goddard King’s Way of Saint James
Authors: Iker Annemarie
Published: November 2016

This article explores the use of photography in American art historian Georgiana Goddard King’s Way of Saint James (1920), a genre-defying book on the Camino de Santiago that intertwines art history with anthropology, literature, history, geography, and narrative. Despite King's groundbreaking scholarship on medieval Spain her legacy has been overshadowed by subsequent art historians, chief among them Arthur Kingsley Porter. Here, it is suggested that King’s emphasis on personal experiences of the pilgrimage—both historical and contemporary—diminished the value of her work, especially when compared with Porter’s supposedly ‘objective,’ ‘scientific’ studies. These methodological differences, visually manifest in King and Porter’s respective approaches to photographic evidence, have implications for medieval, historiographic, and feminist art historical inquiries.
Curator—Curatorial Studies Towards Co-creation and Multiple Agencies
Authors: Peters Erin A
Published: November 2016

Erin A. Peters reflects on her objectives as a curator and educator, and the agency of museum visitors as co-creators.
Awakening Objects and Indigenizing the Museum: Stephen Gilchrist in Conversation with Henry F. Skerritt
Authors: Gilchrist Stephen , Skerritt Henry
Published: November 2016

Curated by Stephen Gilchrist, Everywhen: The Eternal Present in Indigenous Art from Australia was held at Harvard Art Museums from February 5, 2016–September 18, 2016. The exhibition was a survey of contemporary Indigenous art from Australia, exploring the ways in which time is embedded within Indigenous artistic, social, historical, and philosophical life. The exhibition included more than seventy works drawn from public and private collections in Australia and the United States, and featured many works that have never been seen outside Australia. Everywhen is Gilchrist’s second major exhibition in the United States, following Crossing Cultures: The Owen and Wagner Collection of Contemporary Aboriginal Australian Art at the Hood Museum of Art in 2012. Conducted on April 22, 2016, this conversation considers the position of Indigenous art in the museum, and the active ways in which curators and institutions can work to “indigenize” their institutions. Gilchrist discusses the evolution of Everywhen, along with the curatorial strategies employed to change the status of object-viewer relations in the exhibition. The transcription has been edited for clarity.
Un ensayo sociológico sobre la prostitución
Authors: Beda Rosa Cobo
Published: November 2016

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar algunos discursos y prácticas que envuelven el debate sobre la prostitución. La idea fundamental que argumentaré es que la prostitución, hasta la aparición del capitalismo neoliberal, ha tenido un carácter exclusivamente patriarcal.  Sin embargo, cuando las políticas económicas neoliberales comienzan a aplicarse globalmente, la prostitución deja de ser sólo una práctica patriarcal y se convierte en un sector económico fundamental para la economía internacional y especialmente para la economía criminal. Por eso,  la prostitución debe analizarse en el marco de la economía política. Asimismo, se explicará que la prostitución es un fenómeno social que se desarrolla en el marco de tres sistemas de dominio: el patriarcal, el capitalista neoliberal y el racial/cultural.
El giro antropocénico. Sociedad y medio ambiente en la era global.
Authors: Arias Maldonado Manuel
Published: November 2016

De acuerdo con los datos amasados por los científicos naturales, la colonización humana de la naturaleza ha alcanzado tal grado que hay razones para pensar que hemos dejado atrás el Holoceno para adentrarnos en una nueva era geológica caracterizada por la influencia humana sobre el funcionamiento del sistema planetario global: el Antropoceno. Lejos de constituir una mera curiosidad científica, esta recategorización de las relaciones entre el ser humano y medio ambiente global constituye un giro epistemológico de profundas consecuencias normativas, que plantea nuevos desafíos para la especie en su conjunto. Este trabajo explora los orígenes y el contenido de esta hipótesis, prestando especial atención a sus efectos sobre la autocomprensión de la especie, así como a sus implicaciones morales y políticas. El Antropoceno representa una prometedora oportunidad para reenmarcar la cada vez más relevante dimensión ambiental del debate sobre la buena sociedad y para reorganizar las relaciones socionaturales con arreglo a parámetros sostenibles.
Del Zoon Politikón al Zoon Elektronikón. Una reflexión sobre las condiciones de la socialidad a partir de Aristóteles
Authors: Huici Urmeneta Vicente , Davila Legerén Andrés
Published: November 2016

Aristóteles, en su Política, caracterizó al ser humano como un animal social (zoon politikón) que tenía la capacidad  singular no sólo de expresar sentimientos sino también valores, por medio del lenguaje (éjon lógon). Estos principios de socialidad han constituido una de las piedras de toque más relevantes en todas las discusiones posteriores acerca del vínculo societario del ser humano. El breve ensayo que se presenta trata de evaluar la vigencia de los postulados del filósofo en la actualidad, en el contexto de una sociedad globalizada económicamente, pero también interconectada por las TIC y las redes sociales. Asimismo pretende esbozar un reajuste de la figura humana para la que se propone la denominación de zoon elektronikón.
Apical Transportation during Removal of Root Canal Filling with Different Retreatment Systems
Authors: Sağlam Baran C. , Çiçek Ersan , Koçak Mustafa M. , Koçak Sibel , Kivanç Bağdagül H.
Published: November 2016

Introduction

This study aimed to compare apical transportation during retreatment using ProTaper Universal retreatment (PTUR), Mtwo R and D-RaCe instruments in curved root canals.

Methods

36 extracted mandibular molar teeth with curved mesiobuccal roots were selected. The teeth were embedded into acrylic blocks. The blocks were fixed on the experimental setup. After determining the working length (WL), mesiobuccal canals were prepared with ProTaper Universal rotary instruments to size F1 (20/0.06). After the obturation, the teeth were randomly divided into groups; the PTUR files were used as D1 (30/0.09) for coronal third and D2 (25/0.08) at WL Mtwo R files, R1 (15/0.05) and R2 (25/0.05) were used at WL D-RaCe files were used as DR1 (30/.10) in cervical third and DR2 (25/0.04) at WL Image J analysis software was used to measure the apical transportation. Differences between the 3 groups were analyzed with a 1-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests.

Results

There was no significant difference between groups in the apical transportation in either the mesiodistal (p = 0.166) or buccolingual (p = 0.518) direction. Among the 3 groups, the apical transportation was the greatest in the D-RaCe group.

Conclusions

It can be concluded that all retreatment systems caused a similar level of apical transportation.
Magnetic Coupling in Tesla transformers
Authors: Craven Richard M , Smith Ivor R , Novac Bucur M
Published: November 2016

Although many publications dealing with Tesla transformers have appeared, most are confined to detailed investigations of the transformer performance based on a lumped equivalent circuit. The present paper differs widely from these in being concerned with the very practical and important issue of the degree of magnetic coupling between the two transformer windings and considers in detail the importance of the coupling factor for a range of applications of these transformers. The constructional features that may be adopted in various practical implementations are explained.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Applied Physics Research, Vol. 8, No. 6
Authors: Green Lily
Published: November 2016

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Applied Physics Research, Vol. 8, No. 6, 2016
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Environment and Natural Resources Research, Vol. 6, No. 4
Authors: Lee Joan
Published: November 2016

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Environment and Natural Resources Research, Vol. 6, No. 4, 2016
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Molecular Biology Research, Vol. 6, No. 1
Authors: Dong Bella
Published: November 2016

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Molecular Biology Research, Vol. 6, No. 1, 2016
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Mathematics Research, Vol. 8, No. 6
Authors: Wang Sophia
Published: November 2016

Journal of Mathematics Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal is greatly appreciated.

Many authors, regardless of whether Journal of Mathematics Research publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers.

Reviewers for Volume 8, Number 6

 

Abdelaziz Mennouni

Ali Berkol

Arman Aghili

Cecília Rosa

Chung-Chuan Chen

David Bartl

Eric José Avila

Fei Han

Gabriela CIUPERCA

Gane Sam Lo

Guy Biyogmam

Jingbo Xia

K.V.L.N.ACHARYULU

Khalil Ezzinbi

Kuldeep Narain Mathur

Li Wang

Luca Di Persio

Marek Brabec

Muna Abbas

N. V. Ramana Murty

Ömür DEVECİ

Özgür EGE

Prof. Sanjib Kumar Datta

R. Roopkumar

Rovshan Bandaliyev

Sergiy Koshkin

Shuhong Chen

Vishnu Narayan Mishra

Waleed Al-Rawashdeh

Xinyun Zhu

Youssef El-Khatib

Zoubir DAHMANI

 

 

Sophia Wang

On behalf of,

The Editorial Board of Journal of Mathematics Research

Canadian Center of Science and Education
Analysis of College Research Paper Output Based on InCites Database – Take the Northwestern Polytechnical University for Example
Authors: Zong Fan , Wang Lifang
Published: November 2016

This paper uses scientific metrology methods to analyse the current status and the development trend of the research paper output of NWPU (Northwestern Polytechnical University) based on the Incites database from 1981 to 2014. The result shows that the research publications have increased notablely. Whereas, there still has some problems need to be solved, such as low quality and non-widely distributed subject areas. This paper hereby proposes some advice that NWPU should, starting with perfecting the research evaluation mechanism, improve the internationalization level and international influence while encourage the coordinated development of new-rising subjects and interdisciplines.
Analysis of the Role of the Press in the Egyptian Revolution of 2011
Authors: Mohammadpour Ismael
Published: November 2016

The Egyptian Revolution of 2011, in fact was the result of crises in the Egyptian society; such as increasing social inequality and corruption and Mubarak’s efforts to inherit the presidency. These crises by the help of the media –from the press to the social networks- provided the grounds for shaping anti-Mubarak social movements and eventually led to fall him. In this regard, one of the most considerable point, was the salient role of the press and the print media in the process of the revolution. Traditionally, there have been three types of journalism system in Egypt: the state-owned, independent and partisan (party-run) press. In this context, the researcher has tried to answer this question: how was the role and position of each type of these press systems in Egypt in the process of the revolution -especially since January 25th until February 11, the day that Mubarak resigned-, and how effective were these roles and positions on the Egyptian Revolution of 2011?

In this regard, in addition to detailed introduction of the newspapers of each press, the emphasis is to observe their views and positions accurately and portray the main discrepancies between the state-owned press with the independent and partisan papers.
As the findings of the research show, it seems in the Egyptian Revolution of 2011, the relative freedom of these traditional media in expressing their own views with the growth of the middle class, enabled Egypt to pass the Mubarak's thirty-year dictatorship by mobilizing their demands and forming powerful social movements.
Islamic Revolution of Iran and Political Development Issue (1997-2005)
Authors: Rahmani Kamran , Azghandi Alireza
Published: November 2016

The theories of Political Development introduced broadly in political studies at the sometime with ending World War II and releasing the third world countries from colonialism. After a long evolution process, the literature and the concept of Political Development declined to democracy. Such an evolution has been along with an increasing trend of democracy in developing countries. During the last century in Iran, a numerous thinking movements have been introduced about this issue. Currently, this question is what achievements have Islamic revolution of Iran according to political aspect and what policies and plans have been used for their goals? The findings of this research show that governments have chosen different approaches after forming and stabilization of Islamic Republic of Iran. The Results also showed that the governments followed their different plans and policies; however, with regards to relative distance of governments approaches with revolution goals, there are many capacities to accomplish political development in Iran. In general, it can be concluded that the Political Development as the focus of reformist thinking has structural and legal challenges (outer barriers). Furthermore, a systematic concept and definition was not presented among the reformist (inner barriers), and mechanisms and indicators of political development were not identified.
Telecommunication Masts/Base Transceiver Stations and Regulatory Standards in Abia State, Nigeria
Authors: Godswill Ogbonna Chukwuemeka , Ugonma Okoye Veronica , Ijeoma Eleazu Eberechi
Published: November 2016

Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) was introduced in Nigeria in May, 2001. Since then, GSM subscriber base has grown astronomically leading to the indiscriminate installation of Masts and Base Transceiver Stations across the country. The Nigerian communications commission (NCC) and the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) established environmental standards in 2009 and 2011 respectively to regulate the installation of BTSs and Masts. This study examined the compliance of GSM service providers with the established guidelines for the mounting of BTSs and Masts in Abia State, Nigeria. The study adopted geometric survey technique, and relied mainly on primary data which were collected through direct observation and measurements. Cluster and simple random sampling techniques were used to proportionately select BTSs/Masts that were surveyed. Data collected were analyzed with appropriate parametric tests using SPSS for Windows, Version 17. Specifically, the t test for paired samples, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used to test the hypotheses of the study. The results show that there is significant difference between the mean value of the number of BTSs/Masts surveyed and the mean value of the number that complied with regulatory standards. The study further revealed that there were no significant differences between the telecommunication networks in their application of the environmental standards. The researchers therefore recommend that both NCC and NESREA be made to devolve their supervisory and monitory responsibilities to Town Planning Authorities at the local government level to ensure effective enforcement of the regulatory standards. 
The Effect of the Slippage Degree at Rolling with Slipping on the Wear Resistance of Contact Surfaces
Authors: Al-quraan Tareq M.A , Mikosyanchik Oksana O. , Mnatsakanov Rudolph G.
Published: November 2016

The regularities of the wear of the steel 1045 during cutting off the feed of a lubricant under the non–stationary friction conditions were established. The influence of the properties of the secondary structures, formed on the contact surfaces under conditions of rolling with a different degree of slippage, on the wear of advancing and lagging surfaces was determined. The influence of specific friction work, the degree of hardening – weakening of surface layers of metal and the intensity of saturation by active elements of near–surface layers of metal on the wear resistance of friction pairs is examined. The change is established in localization of the depth of spreading the stressed and deformed state of material of the contact surfaces with an increase in the slip rate from 0.315 m/s to 1.14 m/s at rolling with the slippage.
Color Structure in the Persian Painting
Authors: Pakzad Zahra
Published: November 2016

Written manuscripts and literary treatises are among the most important documents of knowledge on traditional color production techniques related to painting, and as they have survived thanks to desirable maintenance and preservation from the ancient times to the present time, they can be good sources for identifying and extracting traditional color production methods related to paining. Especially, the illustrated books simultaneously with their writing are an evidence of the contents presented in those manuscripts and treatises. Therefore, by an aim to identify and revive traditional color production techniques, the present descriptive-analytic research examines some of the available handwritten manuscripts and literary treatises. Then, with emphasis placed on the knowledge acquired and the modern facilities, some of the colors are made. The present study was performed by raising the major question that what ancient literary books are the sources of production colors used in Persian painting, and what were the nature of color production techniques and traditional color characteristics in the past. Thus, the study population includes Golestan Honar, Qanun al-Sovar, Majmoueh al-Sanaye’ and 14 other treatises relevant to this issue, and the data collection was performed in a library- and experimental-based manner. The result of this study was the extraction, preparation and remaking of seven main mineral colors in Persian painting.
Audience responses and the context of political speeches
Authors: Choi Hyangmi , Bull Peter , Reed Darren
Published: November 2016

Previous studies showed that cultural dimensions (individualism and collectivism) are related to audience behavior in responding to political speeches. However, this study suggests that speech context is an important issue to be considered in understanding speaker-audience interaction in political speeches. Forms of response, audience behavior, and response rates were analyzed in three speech contexts: acceptance speeches to nomination as political parties’ candidates for presidential election, presidential election campaign speeches, and presidential inauguration speeches in the Korean presidential election of 2012. We found that audience response forms and behavior were distinctive according to the three speech contexts: in-group partisan leadership, competitive, and formal contexts. However, there was no relationship between the affiliative response rate and electoral success in the election. The function of the audience response is popularity and support of a speaker in acceptance and election campaign speeches, while it is conformity to social norms in inauguration speeches.
Interpretative repertoires of multiculturalism – Supporting and challenging hierarchical intergroup relations
Authors: Nortio Emma , Varjonen Sirkku , Mähönen Tuuli Anna , Jasinskaja-Lahti Inga
Published: November 2016

Social psychological research on immigrant integration has predominantly examined multiculturalism from the perspective of majority members, and has seen it to be in conflict with that of minority members. In this discursive psychological study, we analyzed how members of the Finnish majority and different immigrant groups discussed managing ethnic and cultural diversity. As a result, four different interpretative repertoires of multiculturalism were identified. The first two repertoires normalize the hierarchical relations between immgrants and hosts. The other two repertoires questioned and criticized multiculturalism as an official policy or as everyday practices that highlight the importance of ethnic and cultural group memberships and that enable the discriminatory and essentializing treatment of immigrants. Our analysis showed that both minority and majority members can make sense of and orient towards multiculturalism in many different ways and that, contrary to the common assumption based on previous research, the viewpoints presented are not always clearly divided between the groups. Finally, implications of the results for multiculturalism as an ideology and as practices are discussed.
Análisis del flamenco como recurso turístico en Andalucía
Authors: Millán Vázquez de la Torre Mª Genoveva , Millán Lara Salud , Arjona Fuentes Juan Manuel
Published: November 2016

El flamenco es un arte que nace en Andalucía resultado de una fusión de culturas que
convivieron durante siglos en esta tierra. La fuerza del flamenco hace que se haya convertido
en marca de identificación de Andalucía y de España, lo que se traduce en una demanda
exterior y una afluencia de turistas conocedores del flamenco o con curiosidad por el mismo.
El turismo cultural del flamenco, tiene una importante repercusión económica sobre el
sector del espectáculo, de la formación, hostelería y otras industrias asociadas, como la de
complementos flamencos. El flamenco como marca debe tener un apoyo público y privado
andaluz que potencie su desarrollo y favorezca la afluencia de turismo cultural.
Principales variables para la gestión de la calidad del servicio de recepción de turismo de cruceros
Authors: Ruiz Quesada Sonia Caridad , Parada Gutiérrez Óscar
Published: November 2016

El turismo es una actividad clave en muchos países, constituyendo en la mayoría de las
naciones caribeñas la principal fuente generadora de ingresos y de empleo. En particular
la modalidad de cruceros constituye una alternativa de desarrollo para los destinos
turísticos receptivos del Caribe. Por tal motivo, el objetivo de este artículo es determinar las
principales variables que inciden en la gestión de la calidad en la recepción de turismo de
cruceros en el destino de Santiago de Cuba. Mediante el análisis de los datos recogidos en
entrevistas realizadas a un conjunto de expertos en el período de septiembre a octubre del
año 2014 en el destino turístico de Santiago de Cuba, se muestran los resultados obtenidos
que permitieron determinar las variables que poseen la mayor incidencia en la calidad del
servicio de recepción del turismo de crucero en el destino turístico de Santiago de Cuba. El
estudio se realizó aplicando Análisis de Componentes Principales (ACP) a las encuestas a
expertos en la materia y se validó el instrumento, a través, del coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach.
Posteriormente se sintetizaron los resultados, se hallaron las relaciones entre ellos y,
finalmente, se obtuvieron las variables o factores principales que inciden en la calidad del
servicio de recepción de cruceros y, ello permitió, el diseño de una metodología para la
gestión de la calidad del servicio de recepción de cruceros.
La complementariedad litoral-interior en el marco de la renovación de destinos turísticos consolidados: el excursionismo organizado como elemento de relación
Authors: Baños Castiñeira Carlos , Rico Cánovas Elisa
Published: November 2016

La complementariedad entre el litoral y el interior es una de las líneas de actuación
habitualmente incluidas entre las estrategias orientadas a la renovación de destinos turísticos
consolidados del litoral. Las excursiones turísticas con base en los destinos litorales
constituyen uno de los mecanismos que han catalizado esas relaciones de complementariedad.
El artículo se centra en el análisis del fenómeno de las excursiones turísticas en la provincia
de Alicante, particularmente en aquellas con origen en el destino Benidorm. Se identifica
los factores que determinan la intensidad de uso turístico de los recursos patrimoniales y las
potenciales vías de profundización en el fenómeno excursionista.
Bipolaridad turística en Europa. La consolidación de destinos maduros en época de crisis
Authors: Jiménez García Mercedes , Peña Sánchez Antonio Rafáel , Ruiz Chico José
Published: November 2016

En esta investigación, de carácter exploratorio, se aborda la posible relación entre
algunas de las causas de la crisis turística y la respuesta de los diferentes territorios de la
UE-28 a la actual crisis. En este sentido, se analiza si ésta ha afectado de manera diferente
a las economías turísticamente emergentes frente a destinos europeos turísticamente más
consolidados. La confirmación de este hecho lleva a estudiar qué factores determinantes de
la demanda turística tienen mayor presencia en cada destino, concluyendo que los factores
más relevantes, como los de carácter económico e infraestructural, se encuentran, sobre
todo, en las regiones turísticamente más maduras. Esto puede explicar, en parte, que durante
la crisis, estas regiones hayan experimentado un descenso de su crecimiento turístico no
tan pronunciado como el de las regiones emergentes. Se demuestra así un comportamiento
turístico mucho más estable y su consolidación en el sector.
ЖУПА НИКШИЋКА У ИСТОРИЈИ И ПЈЕСМИ
Authors: Милутиновић Љубомир И.
Published: November 2016

Информативни прилог
ВУКОВО ПИСМО КНЕЗУ МИЛОШУ ОД 1832.
Authors: Симић Радоје Д. , Јовановић Симић Јелена Р.
Published: November 2016

Апстракт: Аутори у раду пред читаоцем анализирају писмо Вука Караџи-ћа Милошу Обреновићу, које је један од значајних историјских докумената с по-четка функционисања српске државе после националног ослобођења. Он показујекаква је била општа физиономија српскога књижевног језика, како га је замислиои уобличавао Вук, и како се тај језик постепено одвајао од народне основице иразвијао као средство културне комуникације, између осталог и раслојавајући сефункционално-стилски.
MOTIV LUDILA I NATPRIRODNO U ŽENSKOJ PROZI: NARACIJA I PERCEPCIJA
Authors: Gordić Petković Vladislava S.
Published: November 2016

Apstrakt: Tema rada je pripovedno sadejstvo motiva ludila i elemenata natprirodnogkao kriterijum koji određuje stepen pouzdanosti pripovedača i moduse pripovedanjau savremenoj ženskoj prozi. U svrhu analize, pristupićemo romanima srpske spisateljiceMirjane Novaković Strah i njegov sluga (2000) i britanske romansijerke SareVoters Mali stranac (2009). Dok roman Mirjane Novaković govori o konfliktnim svedočanstvimadvoje učesnika u lovu na vampire – princeze i đavola, bića upitne egzistencijalnosti– koji pokušavaju kako da opravdaju svoje učešće u poteri, tako i da argumentujuautentičnost natprirodnog efekta, peti roman Sare Voters elemente natprirodnogpredstavlja u kontekstu klasnog prestrukturiranja engleskog društva nakon Drugog svetskograta, i u njemu onostrano postaje pretnja društvenoj hijerarhiji i psihološkoj stabilnostipojedinca.
Langues et espace au Québec: quelles représentations dans la presse?
Authors: Molinari Chiara
Published: November 2016

Dans cet article, nous nous proposons de réfléchir aux représentations concernant la manière dont les langues se situent dans l’espace québécois. Pays officiellement monolingue, le Québec est, en fait, caractérisé par la coprésence de plusieurs langues: seule langue officielle, le français, y est en effet côtoyé par l’anglais et par les langues des immigrés. Cependant, les relations qui se nouent entre elles sont loin d’être simples; bien au contraire, elles évoluent et se complexifient au fil du temps. Ce sont les représentations de ces relations que nous essaierons de cerner et d’interroger à travers l’étude d’un corpus de presse québécoise menée par le biais d’une analyse discursive. Cela nous paraît d’autant plus important que la langue joue un rôle incontournable dans la construction de l’identité. Par conséquent, les représentations des relations langue(s)-espace(s) sont d’autant plus importantes à examiner qu’elles fonctionnent en tant qu’outil révélateur de dynamiques concernant les réalités sociales et identitaires.
La prise en compte de plusieurs variétés nationales dans un dictionnaire du français: exercice de lexicographie pratique
Authors: Vincent Nadine
Published: November 2016

Depuis quelques décennies, des actions ont été entreprises dans l’espace francophone pour donner plus de visibilité aux variétés hors de France: constitution de dictionnaires panfrancophones (

et

), constitution d’une base de données permettant la description autonome de plusieurs variétés dans une optique différentielle (

) et enrichissement des dictionnaires de langue générale, tant au Québec qu’en France. Ces différentes tentatives et les écueils rencontrés n’ont pas fait disparaître le rêve d’un dictionnaire unique permettant de décrire la langue française dans toute sa diversité. L’objectif de cet article est d’évaluer le réalisme de ce rêve en proposant un exercice de lexicographie-fiction: rédiger, pour un dictionnaire panfrancophone idéal, quelques articles pouvant satisfaire l’ensemble des locuteurs francophones. En parallèle, et pour avoir un élément de comparaison, des articles seront proposés pour les mêmes emplois pour un dictionnaire destiné aux locuteurs du français québécois.
Use of peers to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy: a global network meta‐analysis
Authors: Kanters Steve , Park Jay JH , Chan Keith , Ford Nathan , Forrest Jamie , Thorlund Kristian , Nachega Jean B , Mills Edward J
Published: November 2016

Introduction

It is unclear whether using peers can improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). To construct the World Health Organization's global guidance on adherence interventions, we conducted a systematic review and network meta‐analysis to determine the effectiveness of using peers for achieving adequate adherence and viral suppression.

Methods

We searched for randomized clinical trials of peer‐based interventions to promote adherence to ART in HIV populations. We searched six electronic databases from inception to July 2015 and major conference abstracts within the last three years. We examined the outcomes of adherence and viral suppression among trials done worldwide and those specific to low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC) using pairwise and network meta‐analyses.

Results and discussion

Twenty‐two trials met the inclusion criteria. We found similar results between pairwise and network meta‐analyses, and between the global and LMIC settings. Peer supporter+Telephone was superior in improving adherence than standard‐of‐care in both the global network (odds‐ratio [OR]=4.79, 95% credible intervals [CrI]: 1.02, 23.57) and the LMIC settings (OR=4.83, 95% CrI: 1.88, 13.55). Peer support alone, however, did not lead to improvement in ART adherence in both settings. For viral suppression, we found no difference of effects among interventions due to limited trials.

Conclusions

Our analysis showed that peer support leads to modest improvement in adherence. These modest effects may be due to the fact that in many settings, particularly in LMICs, programmes already include peer supporters, adherence clubs and family disclosures for treatment support. Rather than introducing new interventions, a focus on improving the quality in the delivery of existing services may be a more practical and effective way to improve adherence to ART.
Concordance between the zinc sulphate flotation and centrifugal sedimentation methods for the diagnosis of intestinal parasites
Authors: Inês Elizabete De Jesus , Pacheco Flavia Thamiris Figueiredo , Pinto Milena Carneiro , Mendes Patrícia Silva de Almeida , Da Costa-Ribeiro Jr Hugo , Soares Neci Matos , Teixeira Márcia Cristina Aquino
Published: November 2016

Introducción. El diagnóstico de infecciones parasitarias intestinales depende de la carga de parásitos, la densidad de la gravedad específica de los huevos, ooquistes o quistes de parásitos, y de la densidad y viscosidad de los reactivos de flotación o sedimentación usados para procesar las heces.Objetivo. Evaluar la concordancia entre el método de flotación de sulfato de zinc y la sedimentación por centrifugación en la recuperación de parásitos en muestras fecales de niños.Materiales y métodos. Se evaluaron las muestras fecales de 330 niños de guarderías mediante las técnicas de flotación con sulfato de zinc y de sedimentación por centrifugación. Se determinó la frecuencia de detección de parásitos con cada método y se evaluó la concordancia entre las técnicas de diagnóstico mediante el índice kappa, con intervalos de confianza del 95 %.Resultados. Mediante la flotación fecal con sulfato de zinc, se diagnosticó un número significativamente mayor de casos de infección por Trichuris trichiura que con la sedimentación por centrifugación (39/330; 11,8 % Vs. 13/330; 3,9 %) (p<0,001), con poco acuerdo entre los métodos (kappa=0,264; IC95% 0,102-0,427). Además, todas las muestras positivas para huevos de Enterobius vermicularis (n=5) y larvas de Strongyloides stercoralis (n=3) se diagnosticaron solamente por sulfato de zinc. No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los métodos para la identificación de protozoos.Conclusiones. La flotación centrífuga en una solución de sulfato de zinc presentó una probabilidad significativamente mayor de detectar los huevos livianos de helmintos como T. trichiura y E. vermicularis en heces, que el proceso de sedimentación por centrifugación.
Three cases of de novo multiple myeloma after kidney transplantation
Authors: Nieto-Ríos John Fredy , Zuluaga Mónica , Serna Lina María , Aristizábal Arbey , Ocampo-Kohn Catalina , Gálvez Kenny Mauricio , Flórez Adriana Alejandra , Zuluaga Gustavo
Published: November 2016

La enfermedad renal asociada a cadenas ligeras es frecuente en el contexto de las gammapatías monoclonales, afecta los glomérulos o los túbulos renales y es la causa más común del mieloma múltiple. Puede desarrollarse después de un trasplante renal por recurrencia de un mieloma múltiple ya existente, o puede ser de diagnóstico nuevo y presentarse con deterioro de la función renal y proteinuria. Siempre se requiere una biopsia renal para confirmar el diagnóstico.Se describen aquí tres casos de disfunción del injerto renal debida a mieloma múltiple en pacientes sin antecedentes de esta condición antes del trasplante.
Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection in the Colombian Caribbean coast: A case-control study
Authors: Yepes Ismael de Jesús , Lince Beatriz , Caez Clara , De Vuono Giovanni
Published: November 2016

Introducción. Se estima que, aproximadamente, 6,8 a 8,9 millones de personas están infectadas por el virus de la hepatitis C en Latinoamérica, de las cuales menos del 1 % llega a recibir tratamiento antiviral. En los estudios llevados a cabo hasta ahora en Colombia, se ha propuesto determinar la prevalencia de la enfermedad en algunos grupos de riesgo, y no se ha hecho el análisis de otros factores potencialmente implicados en el contagio.Objetivos. Determinar los factores de riesgo tradicionalmente analizados y otros no estudiados antes para la hepatitis C crónica en la Costa Caribe colombiana.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio de casos y controles (1:3) emparejados por empresa promotora de salud y edad (± 10 años), en el primer nivel de atención de hepatología y gastroenterología. A todos los pacientes positivos en la prueba ELISA se les hizo una prueba confirmatoria de carga viral. En el análisis de regresión logística multivariable se determinaron los factores predictores independientes de infección.Resultados. La transfusión sanguínea (odds ratio, OR=159,2; IC95% 35,4-715; p<0,001) y el antecedente de hospitalización antes de 1994 (OR=4,7; IC95% 1,3-17,1; p=0,018) se determinaron como los dos únicos factores independientes predictores de infección.Conclusión. Es necesario comprobar la reproducibilidad de estos resultados y hacer estudios de costo-efectividad antes de recomendar su utilización en el diseño de nuevas estrategias de cribado.
Bioinformatical analysis of eukaryotic shugoshins reveals meiosis-specific features of vertebrate shugoshins
Authors: Grishaeva Tatiana M. , Kulichenko Darya , Bogdanov Yuri F.
Published: November 2016

Background

Shugoshins (SGOs) are proteins that protect cohesins located at the centromeres of sister chromatids from their early cleavage during mitosis and meiosis in plants, fungi, and animals. Their function is to prevent premature sister-chromatid disjunction and segregation. The study focused on the structural differences among SGOs acting during mitosis and meiosis that cause differences in chromosome behavior in these two types of cell division in different organisms.

Methods

A bioinformatical analysis of protein domains, conserved amino acid motifs, and physicochemical properties of 32 proteins from 25 species of plants, fungi, and animals was performed.

Results

We identified a C-terminal amino acid motif that is highly evolutionarily conserved among the SGOs protecting centromere cohesion of sister chromatids in meiotic anaphase I, but not among mitotic SGOs. This meiotic motif is arginine-rich in vertebrates. SGOs differ in different eukaryotic kingdoms by the sets and locations of amino acid motifs and the number of α-helical regions in the protein molecule.

Discussion

These structural differences between meiotic and mitotic SGOs probably could be responsible for the prolonged SGOs resistance to degradation during meiotic metaphase I and anaphase I. We suggest that the “arginine comb” in C-end meiotic motifs is capable of interaction by hydrogen bonds with guanine bases in the minor groove of DNA helix, thus protecting SGOs from hydrolysis. Our findings support independent evolution of meiosis in different lineages of multicellular organisms.
Development and evaluation of a novel vaccine against prevalent invasive multi-drug resistant strains ofStreptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Bahy Rehab H. , Hamouda Hayam M. , Shahat Amal S. , Yassin Aymen S. , Amin Magdy A.
Published: November 2016

Streptococcus pneumoniaeis a pathogen that causes serious invasive infections, such as septicemia, meningitis and pneumonia in addition to mild upper respiratory tract infections. Protection from pneumococcal diseases is thought to be mediated mainly by serotype-specific antibodies to capsular antigens. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine consists of sugars (polysaccharides) from the capsule of the bacteriumS. pneumoniaethat are conjugated to a carrier protein. Three pneumococcal conjugated vaccines, each directed against a group of serotypes, are registered in Egypt; however, local vaccine production is required to cover the most prevalent serotypes. In this work, capsular polysaccharide from the most current and prevalent serotypes in Egypt were extracted, purified and conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA). The polysaccharide protein conjugate was purified through ultrafiltration technique and molecular size distribution was compared to an available vaccine. The immunogenicity of the prepared vaccine was examined via two methods: First, by measuring the levels of the elicited antibodies in the sera of the vaccinated mice; Second, by challenging the vaccinated groups of mice with approximately 107CFU of each specific serotype and determining the degree of protection the developled vaccine offers. Our results show that the developed conjugated capsular polysaccharide vaccine is highly immunogenic and protective in mice. This finding illustrates the importance of tracking the most recent and predominant peneumococcal serotypes to generate effective vaccines, instead of using expensive imported vaccines with large number of serotypes which might not be even present in the community.