bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Random walks with long-range memory on networks
Authors: Guerrero-Estrada Ana Gabriela , Riascos Alejandro P. , Boyer Denis
Published: January 2025

We study an exactly solvable random walk model with long-range memory on arbitrary networks. The walker performs unbiased random steps to nearest-neighbor nodes and intermittently resets to previously visited nodes in a preferential way such that the most visited nodes have proportionally a higher probability to be chosen for revisit. The occupation probability can be expressed as a sum over the eigenmodes of the standard random walk matrix of the network, where the amplitudes slowly decay as power-laws at large times, instead of exponentially. The stationary state is the same as in the absence of memory, and detailed balance is fulfilled. However, the relaxation of the transient part becomes critically self-organized at late times, as it is dominated by a single power-law whose exponent depends on the second largest eigenvalue and on the resetting probability. We apply our findings to finite networks, such as rings, complete graphs, Watts–Strogatz, and Barabási–Albert networks, and to Barbell and comb-like graphs. Our study could be of interest for modeling complex transport phenomena, such as human mobility, epidemic spreading, or animal foraging.
The applicability limits of the lowest-order substitute model for a cantilever beam system hard-impacting a moving base
Authors: Blazejczyk-Okolewska Barbara
Published: January 2025

This paper examines the circumstances under which a one-degree-of-freedom approximate system can be employed to predict the dynamics of a cantilever beam comprising an elastic element with a significant mass and a concentrated mass embedded at its end, impacting a moving rigid base. A reference model of the system was constructed using the finite element method, and an approximate lowest-order model was proposed that could be useful in engineering practice for rapidly ascertaining the dynamics of the system, particularly for predicting both periodic and chaotic motions. The number of finite elements in the reference model was determined based on the calculated values of natural frequencies, which were found to correspond to the values of natural frequencies derived from the application of analytical formulas. The precision of the parameter identification and the outcomes yielded by the substitute model were validated through the calculation of the regions of stable periodic solutions using the analytical Peterka method. Subsequently, the qualitative and quantitative limits of the substitute model's applicability were determined. The quantitative limits were delineated through the utilization of Lyapunov exponents and characteristics associated with the energy dissipation due to impacts and the average number of impacts per excitation period. These characteristics provide a foundation for the introduction of global distance measures of the dynamic behavior of diverse systems within a specified range of the control parameter.
Cuando baja el sol
Authors: McKinnon Sean , Jung Daniel
Published: January 2025

Although the US Southwest region has a long history of language contact between English and Spanish, the
literature has provided mixed evidence for contact-induced language changes. The present study adds to this body of work with a
variationist analysis of subject position with intransitive constructions in bilingual Arizonan Spanish and monolingual Mexican
Spanish. Overall, our findings demonstrate that both varieties are influenced by the same linguistic factors with the same
directionality of effects. However, the overall rate of post-verbal subjects is lower in bilingual Arizonan Spanish vis-à-vis monolingual Mexican Spanish within almost every linguistic factor, which suggests frequential copying from English’s less flexible
word order. Additionally, there were differences between sociolinguistic generations, first generation bilingual and monolingual
speakers, and the constraint hierarchies of each variety. Altogether, these findings provide preliminary evidence for language
contact, and we outline future avenues to test for contact-induced change with this morphosyntactic variable.
“Le falta barrio”
Authors: Panzuto Piccini Nicolás , Cassany Daniel
Published: January 2025

Este estudio analiza las actitudes lingüísticas en torno a siete variedades del español y la variación léxica hispanoamericana en el ámbito digital. Nos centramos en los comentarios de la “batalla de idiomas”, un reto muy popular en YouTube que presenta prácticas lingüísticas lúdicas protagonizadas por hablantes de distintas variedades hispanohablantes. Analizamos los cien comentarios con más “Me gusta” de los dos retos con más visualizaciones, los clasificamos según el componente actitudinal predominante (afectivo, cognitivo y conativo) y los vinculamos con actitudes de prejuicio, prestigio, (des)lealtad e (in)seguridad lingüísticas en relación con las variedades representadas, así como los grupos asiático, latino e hispano. Aunque emerge una inclinación predominantemente positiva hacia el reconocimiento y el intercambio de las diferentes variedades del español, un número significativo de comentarios cuestionan la autenticidad, los orígenes, las expresiones y la representación de algunos de los participantes, y revelan aspectos controvertidos de la variación.
Update of the BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Mn-54 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 54Mn to include the 2024 result of the POLATOM (Poland)
Authors: Coulon Romain , Michotte Carine , Courte Sammy , Nonis Manuel , Gressier Vincent , Marganiec-Gałązka Justyna , Saganowski Pawel , Tymiński Zbygniew , Lech Edyta
Published: January 2025

Main text

Since 1976, 17 laboratories have submitted 43 samples of 54Mn to the International Reference System (SIR) for activity comparison at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), with comparison identifier BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Mn-54. Recently, the POLATOM (Poland) participated in the comparison and the key comparison reference value (KCRV) has been updated. The degrees of equivalence between each equivalent activity measured in the SIR and the updated KCRV have been calculated and the results are given in the form of a table. A graphical representation is also given.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Enhanced induced gravitational waves in Horndeski gravity
Authors: Domènech Guillem , Ganz Alexander
Published: January 2025

We study secondary gravitational wave production in Horndeski gravity when the scalar field dominates the very early universe.
We find that higher derivative interactions easily dominate the source term on subhorizon scales and significantly enhance the amplitude of induced GWs. For the first time, we analytically derive the Horndeski-induced GW spectrum for a general class of power-law solutions. The main effects of modifications of gravity are stronger resonances and growth of tensor fluctuations on small scales. The maximum attainable amplitude of the induced GW spectrum is bounded by the possible backreaction of higher derivatives on curvature fluctuations, thereby shutting down the source term to induced GWs. We argue that the maximum attainable amplitude depends linearly on the primordial curvature spectrum (ΩGW ∝ 𝒫

ζ
), as opposed to the standard case where it depends quadratically. Resonances may further enhance the maximum amplitude by a factor (k/ℋ

t
)2 or (k/ℋ

t
) respectively for sharp and broad peaks (including a scale-invariant) primordial spectrum, where ℋ

t
is the comoving horizon at the time when standard gravity is recovered. Remarkably, in the scale-invariant case, the Horndeski-induced GW spectrum grows as k
3. This opens up the interesting possibility that induced GWs might be observable despite no enhancement of the primordial curvature spectrum. Our formalism can be generalized to a wider class of solutions and to more general scalar-tensor theories, such as DHOST and spatially covariant gravity. In the appendices, we discuss the gauge issue and disformal transformations of induced GWs.
Dual gravitational wave signatures of instant preheating
Authors: Hu Wei-Yu , Nakayama Kazunori , Takhistov Volodymyr , Tang Yong
Published: January 2025

In the instant preheating scenario efficient particle production occurs immediately
following the period of inflationary expansion in the early Universe. We demonstrate that instant
preheating predicts unique gravitational wave (GW) signals arising from two distinct origins. One
source is the bremsstrahlung GWs produced through the decay of superheavy particles, an inevitable
consequence of instant preheating. The other is GWs generated from the nonlinear dynamics of the
inflaton and coupled scalar fields. Using numerical simulations, we show that the peak of the GW
spectrum shifts depending on the coupling constants of the theory. The detection of these dual GW
signatures, characteristic of instant preheating, provides novel opportunities for probing the
dynamics of the early Universe.
Constraints on axion-like particles from the gamma-ray observation of the Galactic Center
Authors: Zhu Ben-Yang , Huang Xiaoyuan , Yin Peng-Fei
Published: January 2025

High energy photons originating from the Galactic Center (GC) region have the potential to
undergo significant photon-axion-like particle (ALP) oscillation effects, primarily induced by the
presence of intense magnetic fields in this region. Observations conducted by imaging atmospheric
Cherenkov telescopes have detected very high energy gamma-rays originating from a point source
known as HESS J1745-290, situated in close proximity to the GC. This source is conjectured to be
associated with the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A*. The GC region contains diverse
structures, including molecular clouds and non-thermal filaments, which collectively contribute to
the intricate magnetic field configurations in this region. By utilizing a magnetic field model
specific in the GC region, we explore the phenomenon of photon-ALP oscillations in the gamma-ray
spectrum of HESS J1745-290. Our analysis does not reveal any discernible signature of photon-ALP
oscillations, yielding significant constraints that serve as a complement to gamma-ray
observations of extragalactic sources across a broad parameter region. The uncertainties arising
from the outer Galactic magnetic field models have minor impacts on our results, except for ALP
masses around 10-7 eV, as the dominant influence originates from the intense magnetic field
strength in the inner GC region.
Pure Lovelock gravity regular black holes
Authors: Estrada Milko , Aros Rodrigo
Published: January 2025

We present a new family of regular black holes (RBH) in Pure Lovelock gravity, where the energy density is determined by the gravitational vacuum tension, which varies for each value of n in each Lovelock case. Speculatively, our model may capture quantum effects through gravitational tension. In this way, a hypothetical analogy is drawn between the pair production ratio in the Schwinger effect and our energy density. A notable feature of our model is that the regular solution closely resembles the vacuum solution before reaching the event horizon. For odd n, the transverse geometry is spherical, with phase transitions occurring during evaporation, and the final state of this process is a remnant. For even n, the transverse geometry is non trivial and corresponds to a hyperboloid. In the case of d = 2n+1 with even n, we find an RBH without a dS core and no inner horizon (whose presence has been recently debated in the literature due to the question of whether its presence is unstable or not), and no phase transitions. For d > 2n + 1 with even n, the RBH possesses both an event horizon and a cosmological horizon, also with no inner horizon present. The existence of the cosmological horizon arises without the usual requirement of a positive cosmological constant. From both numerical and analytical analysis, we deduce that as the event horizon expands and the cosmological horizon contracts, thermodynamic equilibrium is achieved in a remnant when the two horizons coincide.
Primordial naked singularities
Authors: Joshi Pankaj S. , Bhattacharyya Sudip
Published: January 2025

Primordial black hole formation has been discussed widely, when density perturbations in the early universe cause matter to collapse gravitationally, giving rise to these ultra-compact objects. We propose and point out that such a gravitational collapse would also give rise to primordial naked singularities, that would play an important role in the observable features of present universe. We consider two types of collapse scenarios that give rise to event-like and object-like visible singularities within a cosmological background. We briefly discuss implications of primordial naked singularities, including those for dark matter, vis-a-vis primordial black holes.
Spectra of fermions produced by a time-dependent axion in the radiation- and matter-dominated Universe
Authors: Kulkarni Aditya , Sorbo Lorenzo
Published: January 2025

Axion-like degrees of freedom generally interact with fermions through a shift symmetric
coupling. As a consequence, a time-dependent axion will lead to the generation of fermions by
amplifying their vacuum fluctuations. We provide the formulae that allow one to determine the
spectra of produced fermions in a generic Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker Universe with
flat spatial slices. Then we derive simple approximate formulae for the spectra of the produced
fermions, as a function of the model parameters, in the specific cases of a radiation- and a
matter-dominated Universe, in the regime in which the backreaction of the produced fermions on the
axionic background can be neglected.
Picosecond timing performances of the FERS time unit
Authors: Giordano F. , Colombini L. , Doroud K. , Maggio C. , Mati A. , Ninci D. , Picchi A. , Tintori C. , Venturini Y. , Williams C. , Williams T.
Published: January 2025

Next-generation high-energy physics experiments will employ high-granularity detectors with thousands of readout channels, necessitating the use of low-power, compact ASICs. The CAEN FrontEnd Readout System (FERS) 5200 integrates these ASICs within small, synchronizable, and distributable systems featuring both Front and Back Ends. The A5203 FERS module incorporates the recently released CERN picoTDC ASIC, enabling high-resolution timing measurements for Time of Arrival (ToA) and Time over Threshold (ToT).

In this work, we analyze the performance of the A5203 unit, which has a 3.125 ps least significant bit (LSB), delivering ToA measurements with an RMS resolution of approximately 7 ps for signals of fixed amplitude, and approximately 20 ps RMS for input signals with variable amplitude over a 50 dB dynamic range over a single board. The amplitude-dependent walk effect is corrected using ToT, which, in addition to walk correction, is also utilised for signal amplitude reconstruction and background reduction.

The A5203 has been successfully applied across various experimental and industrial contexts. In the concluding section of this paper, we will discuss its application within the ProVision project: a PET scanner specialised in imaging aggressive prostate cancer at an early-stage.
Two types of single sphere neutron spectrometers based on micro-structured semiconductor neutron detectors
Authors: Wang J. , Liang Y.C. , Wu R.J. , Bi M.D.
Published: January 2025

Two types of single sphere neutron spectrometers based on a
set of micro-structured semiconductor neutron detectors (MSNDs) were
designed. Each neutron spectrometer consists of 31 MSNDs
symmetrically located at certain positions along three perpendicular
axes within a single moderating sphere. One uses high-density
polyethylene (HDPE) moderating sphere, while the other uses borated
polyethylene rather than HDPE as the outermost thin shell of
moderating sphere. The second design aims to eliminate the
backscattering effects in order to improve the response isotropy of
slow neutrons. For two neutron spectrometers, a charged particle
tracking (CPT) model was built with Monte Carlo transport code MCNPX
to calculate neutron responses for 53 mono-energies from
10-9 MeV to 20 MeV for three different irradiation
geometries. The feasibility of two neutron spectrometers and the
isotropy of neutron responses were evaluated by simulating a set of
irradiation exposures to different typical neutron spectra. A
generalized regression neural network (GRNN) method was used to
unfold neutron spectra without the need to input preset spectral
information by the users. The neutron spectrum unfolding
performance was assessed quantitatively by index Qs
and the
results from two spectrometers were compared and analyzed.
Calibration on timing skew mismatch in time-interleaved ADCs based on self-adaptive particle swarm algorithm
Authors: Deng Jiawei , Liu Chen , Luo Xiangdong
Published: January 2025

The timing skew mismatch is one of the limitations in the
Time-interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converter (TIADC) system
seriously degrades the system performance. In order to solve this
problem, this paper proposes an algorithm to detect the timing skew
mismatch. The self-adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization (SAPSO)
algorithm was used to detect the timing skew mismatch in the TIADC
system, and the variable delay line (VDL) was used to calibrate the
detected timing skew mismatch. For verifying the effectiveness of
the proposed algorithm, a 4-channel, 1 GHz and 18 bits TIADC
system model with timing skew mismatch is established. The
simulation results show that the proposed algorithm significantly
improves the performance of the TIADC system, which the Spurious
Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) is increased by 61.1 dB on average, the
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) is increased by 59.17 dB on average,
and the effective Number of Bits (ENOB) is increased by 9.83 bits
on average. Compared with the previous calibration algorithms, the
proposed method has the advantages of simple structure, fast
detection speed and high accuracy.
RF electromagnetic design and multi-physics analysis of CW CH-DTL for AB-BNCT
Authors: Su H.Q. , Li H.P. , Kong G.Q. , Hu Y.C. , Li J.L. , Deng W.T. , Wang S.
Published: January 2025

The accelerator-based boron neutron capture therapy
(AB-BNCT) facility is being developed worldwide due to its
advantages, including easy maintenance, low construction costs, and
high safety. To minimize both the length and cost of the
accelerator, we propose a combined acceleration structure that
utilizes a radiofrequency quadrupole linac (RFQ) in conjunction with
a crossbar H-mode drift tube linac (CH-DTL). The CH-DTL rapidly
accelerates the beam to the required energy after the RFQ, with
output energy adjustable from 2.2 MeV to 3.2 MeV. We have
completed the RF electromagnetic design and optimization of the
CH-DTL cavity to fulfill beam dynamics requirements while achieving
high effective shunt impedance. Additionally, we designed the
cooling channels and conducted multi-physics analyses to evaluate
the cavity's performance during continuous wave operation.
SRCES: a simulation program for collective effects in electron storage rings
Authors: Hu Nan , Luo Chuwen , Li Weimin , Wang Lin
Published: January 2025

Collective effects are important in the physics design of
electron storage rings, especially for the fourth-generation
synchrotron light source, where the collective effects are more
severe than before and limit maximum stored beam current. To
estimate beam collective effects, besides theoretical analysis,
numerical tracking methods are necessary for obtaining more accurate
and comprehensive results. To systematically study the comprehensive
influence of wakefields and various damping mechanisms, we developed
a new code Storage Ring Collective Effects Simulator (SRCES), which
is a tracking code based on macroparticle model in 6-dimensional
phase space. Several models are employed to handle various processes
of particle motion. The modified transfer matrix and high order
Taylor transfer map are used to solve particle motion under external
electro-magnetic fields. A simplified equivalent damping and
excitation model is used to represent the effects of synchrotron
radiation on particle motion. The kick model is used to represent
the influence of wakefields and RF cavity. Furthermore, the wake
function data can be input as numerical arrays directly or through
specific impedance models. In this paper, we describe the basic
theory foundation, functions and benchmarked results of the code
SRCES. Then, SRCES is used to conduct preliminary research on the
collective effects of the Hefei Advanced Light Facility storage
ring.
Close cooperation between Semi1 and Semi2 proteins is essential for pronuclear positioning in Tetrahymena thermophila
Authors: Akematsu Takahiko , Loidl Josef , Fukuda Yasuhiro , Iwamoto Masaaki
Published: January 2025

During sexual reproduction in the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila, meiosis occurs in the germline micronucleus, resulting in the formation of four haploid micronuclei. Of these, only one is selected to evade autophagy, and subsequently migrates to the membrane junction with the partner cell for reciprocal pronuclear exchange. We previously demonstrated that the transmembrane protein Semi1 is essential for this nuclear migration. Semi1 is specifically expressed in mating cells and localizes to the periphery of the selected nucleus. Loss of Semi1 disrupts nuclear attachment to the junction, leading to infertility. However, the mechanism by which Semi1 positions the nucleus at the junction remains unclear. Here, we report that the Semi1-interacting protein, Semi2, is also necessary for proper nuclear positioning. Deletion of Semi2 results in the same nuclear mislocalization phenotype and infertility observed in Semi1 mutant cells. Semi2 colocalizes with Semi1, but in the absence of Semi1, Semi2 fails to exhibit perinuclear localization. The selected nucleus anchors to microtubules prior to migration, a process dependent on both Semi1 and Semi2. We propose a model in which Semi1 recruits Semi2 to the selected nucleus, facilitating the interaction between the nucleus and microtubules required for proper nuclear positioning at the membrane junction.
Questions of Competence
Authors: Fischhoff Baruch
Published: January 2025

Many sciences find fundamental insights in by studying pathologies that reveal processes hidden in complex, balancing, self-correcting systems. A potential price of that insight is losing sight of the everyday prevalence of those problems in different populations and situations. In medicine, that can mean seeing a world awash in disease. In management science, it can mean seeing a world rife with incompetence. This chapter discusses the risks to science and to society of that potentially distorted view, with a rush to judgment that undermines respect for the public and unduly narrows research. It proposes applying core management science methods as a form of disciplined empathy to better understand and support decision makers.
Green hydrogen revolution and its pathway towards sustainable development
Authors: Maka Ali O M , Mehmood Mubbashar , Chaudhary Tariq Nawaz
Published: January 2025

The demand surge for clean and sustainable energy has risen globally to gain a cleaner environment. Therefore, the global energy transition proposes hydrogen energy, an essential energy source, particularly green hydrogen energy, which emits no carbon dioxide. Green hydrogen has been prosperous in the last few years and has revolutionised the green energy sector needs. Green hydrogen energy could be employed as long-term energy storage to integrate energy from renewable energy with unexpected and variable characteristics in the future energy system largely comprised of renewable resources. Hence, it can enhance the electricity system's dependability and increase the reliability of renewable energy; conversely, green hydrogen energy might help lower carbon emissions. This study gives insight through analysis of the overview and prospects of hydrogen energy. Besides, a thorough analysis is conducted on the present scenario of green hydrogen production technologies, their advancement trends, and the potential uses and roles of green hydrogen energy. The state-of-the-art green hydrogen has been highlighted, thus the developed approaches in the domain. Also, it gives an overview of the latest technologies used to produce/store/distribute green hydrogen. Moreover, a detailed description of green hydrogen utilisation, distribution infrastructure and storage technologies are given. That will help to achieve global sustainable development goals in the near future. Accordingly, 6 of 17 global sustainable development goals strategy clauses were met with global sustainable development goals while adopting green hydrogen as a clean energy source.
Single-cell analysis of lung epithelial cells reveals age and cell population-specific responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in ciliated cells
Authors: Osborn Raven M , Anderson Christopher S , Leach Justin R , Chu Chin Yi , Dewhurst Stephen , Mariani Thomas J , Thakar Juilee
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The ability of SARS-CoV-2 to evade antiviral immune signaling in the airway contributes to the severity of COVID-19 disease. Additionally, COVID-19 is influenced by age and has more severe presentations in older individuals. This raises questions about innate immune signaling as a function of lung development and age.

Method

Therefore, we investigated the transcriptome of different cell populations of the airway epithelium using pediatric and adult lung tissue samples from the LungMAP Human Tissue Core Biorepository. Specifically, lung lobes were digested and cultured into a biomimetic model of the airway epithelium on an air-liquid interface. Cells were then infected with SARS-CoV-2 and subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing. Transcriptional profiling and differential expression analysis were carried out using Seurat.

Results

The clustering analysis identified several cell populations: club cells, proliferating epithelial cells, multiciliated precursor cells, ionocytes, and two biologically distinct clusters of ciliated cells (FOXJ1high and FOXJ1low). Interestingly, the two ciliated cell clusters showed different infection rates and enrichment of processes involved in ciliary biogenesis and function; we observed a cell-type-specific suppression of innate immunity in infected cells from the FOXJ1low subset. We also identified a significant number of genes that were differentially expressed in lung cells derived from children as compared to adults, suggesting the differential pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children versus adults.

Conclusion

We discuss how this work can be used to identify drug targets to modulate molecular signaling cascades that mediate an innate immune response and begin to understand differences in COVID-19 outcomes for pediatric vs. adult populations
Discordance between Cystatin C-based and Creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate and health outcomes in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Qiaoling , Welsh Paul , Celis-Morales Carlos , Ho Frederick K , Lees Jennifer S , Mark Patrick B
Published: January 2025

Background

The intra-individual difference in Cystatin C-based and Creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcys, eGFRcr, respectively), i.e., eGFR discordance, has recently been demonstrated to have prognostic implications. It was associated with mortality, cardiovascular, and renal outcomes. We presented a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize existing literature.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Embase, and MEDLINE up to April 28, 2024 for cohort and cross-sectional studies in English reporting the association of eGFR discordance with mortality, cardiovascular, and renal outcomes. The quality of studies was evaluated by Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies - of Exposure form. Data from studies were extracted to a pre-defined table and pooled using a random-effects model. Stratified and sensitivity analyses were performed.

Results

A total of 1489 studies were initially identified, of which 18 studies with longitudinal or cross-sectional designs were included, with a sample size between 373 and 363494 people. The risk of bias was generally low to some concerns. eGFR was mainly calculated using Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equations, while a few studies applied other equations. An eGFR discordance featuring lower eGFRcys, e.g., eGFRcys≤60% of eGFRcr, or eGFRcys - eGFRcr≤ -15 ml/min/1.73m2 was consistently associated with higher mortality and elevated risk of cardiovascular and renal outcomes. People with lower eGFRcys have a 58% greater risk of mortality (HR=1.58, 95%CI: 1.42, 1.76), and 32% greater risk of cardiovascular events (HR=1.32, 95%CI: 1.25, 1.39. People with higher eGFRcys have a 39% lower risk of mortality (HR=0.61, 95%CI: 0.52, 0.70), and 29% lower risk of cardiovascular events (HR=0.71, 95%CI: 0.62, 0.81). No meta-analysis for renal outcomes was conducted due to data availability.

Conclusions

The eGFR discordance serves as a meaningful indicator of adverse health outcomes. The lack of a consensus on the cut-off value of eGFR discordance and the mixture use of eGFR equations warrants attention.
Temporal Trends in Surgery and Hospitalization Rates for Crohn's Disease in Brazil: A Population-Based Study
Authors: dos Reis Guerra João Augusto , Magro Daniela O , Rodrigues Coy Claudio Saddy , Valverde Douglas A , de Oliveira Emilia Sousa , Quaresma Abel Botelho , Kotze Paulo Gustavo
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Biological therapy has transformed the natural course of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), but there are still controversies regarding its potential to reduce surgical rates for Crohn's Disease (CD). This study, conducted with the support of the Brazilian National Healthcare System, aimed to analyze temporal trends in surgery and hospitalization rates among patients with CD and to correlate these data with the dispensing of azathioprine (AZA), infliximab (IFX) and adalimumab (ADA).

Methodology

This retrospective observational study used data from the National Public Healthcare Department of Informatics (DATASUS) through the TT Disease Explorer® platform from 2012 to 2022. Demographic data, medications used, and the prevalence of surgical procedures and hospitalizations associated with the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes for CD were analyzed. Annual Average Percent Changes (AAPC) were calculated to assess temporal trends.

Results

Between 2012 and 2022, there was a significant increase of 288.07% in the diagnoses of Crohn's Disease (CD), rising from 27,551 to 106,917 cases. Concurrently, there was an increase in the absolute number of patients treated with AZA, IFX, and ADA, with increasing rates of 65.79%, 251.09%, and 242.48%, respectively. However, the proportion of patients receiving AZA per CD patients decreased by 57.28%, from 44.79% to 19.13% (AAPC = -7.94%, 95% CI: -8.05 to -7.83; p < 0.001). The use of IFX remained relatively stable, with a slight change from 13.82% to 12.50% (AAPC = 0.01%, 95% CI: -0.20 to 0.22; p = 0.935), while the use of ADA decreased by 11.75%, from 11.65% to 10.28% (AAPC = -1.74%, 95% CI: -2.48 to -1.82; p < 0.001). The absolute number of hospitalizations related to CD increased by 57.71%. Despite the rise in the number of cases and the greater availability of biological treatments, the proportion of hospitalized patients decreased by 59.29%, from 6.19% to 2.52% (AAPC = -7.04%, 95% CI: -7.42 to -6.66; p < 0.001). Similarly, the proportion of surgical procedures relative to the total number of cases decreased by 55.08%, from 1.09% to 0.49% (AAPC = -5.73%, 95% CI: -6.68 to -4.77; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Despite the cumulative increase in the prevalence of CD cases in the country and the absolute increase in the dispensing of biologics, the proportion of hospitalizations and surgical procedures among CD patients treated in the public health system in Brazil decreased.
Investigating the position of the Ra’īs in Aleppo in the eleventh and twelfth centuries A.D./fifth and sixth centuries A.H.
Authors: Mavaddat Lida , Mavaddat Maryam
Published: January 2025

In medieval Islam, the position of Raʼīs held significant importance in urban areas across the Islamic world. The Raʼīs existed in cities throughout the Islamic middle ages, in both the western and eastern regions. However, in Aleppo this role possessed distinctive features not observed in other Islamic cities. During the eleventh and twelfth centuries the Raʼīs played a pivotal role in the political and military landscape of Aleppo. Supported by Aḥdāth, a militia group of young men who had social influence, the Ra’īs achieved considerable power in Aleppo during this era. The power of the Ra’īs primarily emerged during the decline of Banī Mirdās government and endured until the Saljuq rule of Syria and Aleppo, during which it started to decrease. At certain junctures, the Ra’īs held the position of both head and manager of the city. This study seeks to investigate the role of Aḥdāth leaders in strengthening the Raʼīs’s power in Aleppo, advancing their political and military objectives by assuming Raʼīs’s positions, and expanding their influence within the city.
Performing, contesting, and resisting internal bordering of refugee rights in Costa Rica
Authors: Basok Tanya , Candiz Guillermo
Published: January 2025

While Costa Rica has witnessed an increase in refugee claimants, its policy responses have not been sufficiently studied. This article begins to fill this gap by documenting and analyzing the treatment of displaced people in search of protection in this country. Based on the fieldwork conducted in 2023 with refugee claimants and representatives from NGOs and international organizations, combined with the analysis of media coverage, reports, and available official statistics, the article analyzes the impact of Costa Rica’s internal bordering measures and practices on asylum seekers. As documented in the article, refugee claimants find themselves in an ‘eternal’ wait, lacking access to jobs and social protections, and pressured to abandon their claims. The article also highlights the dynamics of resistance and negotiation among various actors and nonperformance of internal bordering practices by state officials. We conclude that internal refugee bordering is a complex, inconsistent, and contradictory process reflective of tensions between hospitality and hostility toward displaced people in search of protection.
Recurrent peripheral ischemia following endovascular repair of an infrarenal aortic aneurysm: what did we miss?
Authors: Ayasa Laith A , Odeh Anas , Abuzahra Saad , Abd Aljalil Fatima , Qozat Ahmad
Published: January 2025

We document a case of a 75-year-old patient with a history of hypercholesterolemia and hypertension, who underwent endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) for an infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) with common iliac artery ectasia. Despite an initially successful procedure, the patient experienced recurrent episodes of acute limb ischemia in his right leg. Subsequent imaging revealed thrombus formation distal to the stent graft, constituting a potential source of embolization, which warranted a reevaluation of the treatment strategy. This case highlights some of the complexities associated with managing AAA patients. In the context of EVAR, it emphasizes the significance of careful patient selection, meticulous endograft implantation, and watchful follow-up while tailoring treatment according to individual patient needs and anatomical considerations.
Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia misdiagnosed as cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: a case report
Authors: Ruan Hongyu , Zhu Xiaoxia , Xu Suling , Wang Songting , Yang Feng , Li Guixiu , Jiang Xinyu , Zhao Keyu
Published: January 2025

Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PEH) is a rare histopathological reaction. Cases of PEH have been infrequently reported, and it’s even rare to appear as a postsurgical complication. This case report describes the development of multiple masses and purulent discharge around an abdominal scar following surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma, which morphologically resembles squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), though pathology revealed no signs of malignancy. The underlying mechanism of PEH has not been fully characterized. This case report may alert clinicians and pathologists to rare diseases and update the list of postoperative complications.
Gynecological gender-affirming surgeries: what are the motivations and experiences? A qualitative study
Authors: Vestering Asra , van de Grift Tim C , Groenman Freek A , Huirne Judith A F , Kreukels Baudewijntje P C , van Mello Norah M
Published: January 2025

Background

Although many transmasculine individuals undergo 1 or more gynecological surgeries (ie, hysterectomy, oophorectomy, tubectomy, or colpectomy), little has been published about motivation, subjective experiences, and the effect on dysphoria and quality of life.

Aim

The aim of this study was to acquire an in-depth understanding of patients’ motivations and experienced outcomes of gynecological gender surgery.

Methods

In this qualitative study, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted. Nine participants were included who were: on the waiting list for their first gynecological surgery (n = 2), or who had either undergone gynecological surgery as part of their transitioning (ie, hysterectomy) and were on the waiting list for another gynecological procedure (ie, colpectomy, n = 2), or who had undergone gynecological surgery and did not wish to undergo any further surgeries (n = 5). In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted. Topics discussed were motivation to opt for a specific surgery, expectations, and experiences. Thematic analysis was carried out to compose themes from the interview transcripts using the concepts of body image and gender affirmation as a theoretical lens.

Outcomes

The primary outcomes of this study were composed themes based on thematic analysis of the interview transcripts.

Results

Three subthemes were identified, displaying how gynecological surgeries could contribute to gender affirmation: body representation matching oneself; achieving functional congruence; and enabling further surgical transition.

Clinical implications

This study offers valuable insights for healthcare professionals in patient counseling and shared decision-making and provides a foundation for developing patient-reported outcome measures tailored to transmasculine individuals.

Strengths and Limitations

To our knowledge, this is the first qualitative report to study the motivations for and outcomes of gynecological gender-affirming surgeries in such depth; however, the results cannot be directly applied to other settings without considering the local context, including factors such as legislation and insurance policies.

Conclusion

This study highlights how gynecological surgeries, unlike more visible gender-affirming procedures like chest surgeries, address internal conflicts related to the masculine identity by altering the body’s functioning, thereby playing an important role in the process of gender affirmation.
The role of interoceptive sensibility on central sensitization to pain in vulvodynia
Authors: Scarpina Federica , Navarra Maria Elena , Varallo Giorgia , Bernorio Roberto
Published: January 2025

Background

Interoception may be linked to central sensitization in chronic pain.

Aim

We aimed to provide evidence about the role of interoceptive sensibility on central sensitization in vulvodynia.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, a sample of females who received a diagnosis of vulvodynia filled out validated questionnaires relative to the individual level of interoceptive sensibility and the symptoms of central sensitization.

Outcomes

Interoceptive sensibility and symptoms of central sensitization were measured with the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness and the Central Sensitization Inventory, respectively.

Results

A lower level of trust and a higher level of emotional awareness predicted a higher number of central sensitization symptoms in our sample.

Clinical Implications

Our evidence may increase the researchers’ and physicians’ attention toward the involvement of the central nervous system in pain phenomenology in vulvodynia.

Strengths and Limitations

No ad-hoc control sample was collected. No behavioral assessments about interoception were performed.

Conclusion

As registered in other chronic pain conditions, interoceptive sensibility may play a crucial role in the expressions of symptoms of central sensitization in vulvodynia.
Unveiling shared genetic regulators of plant architectural and biomass yield traits in sorghum
Authors: Singh Anuradha , Newton Linsey , Schnable James C , Thompson Addie M
Published: January 2025

Sorghum is emerging as an ideal genetic model for designing high-biomass bioenergy crops. Biomass yield, a complex trait influenced by various plant architectural characteristics, is typically regulated by numerous genes. This study aimed to dissect the genetic regulators underlying fourteen plant architectural traits and ten biomass yield traits in the Sorghum Association Panel across two growing seasons. We identified 321 associated loci through genome-wide association studies (GWAS), involving 234,264 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). These loci include genes with known associations to biomass traits, such as ‘maturity’, ‘dwarfing (Dw)’, and ‘leafbladeless1’, as well as several uncharacterized loci not previously linked to these traits. We also identified 22 pleiotropic loci associated with variation in multiple phenotypes. Three of these loci, located on chromosomes 3 (S03_15463061), 6 (S06_42790178; Dw2), and 9 (S09_57005346; Dw1), exerted significant and consistent effects on multiple traits across both growing seasons. Additionally, we identified three genomic hotspots on chromosomes 6, 7, and 9, each containing multiple SNPs associated with variation in plant architecture and biomass yield traits. Chromosome-wise correlation analyses revealed multiple blocks of positively associated SNPs located near or within the same genomic regions. Finally, genome-wide correlation-based network analysis showed that loci associated with flowering, plant heights, leaf traits, plant density, and tiller number per plant were highly interconnected with other genetic loci influencing with plant architectural and biomass yield traits. The pyramiding of favorable alleles related to these traits holds promise for enhancing the future development of bioenergy sorghum crops.
“Rhetoric behind the digital screen”: wayfinding across the splinternet of AI—a rhetorical quartet of an affective writer
Authors: Li Ke , Xu Zihan
Published: January 2025

Drawing on and recontextualizing Elizabeth Forbes’ theory regarding the quartile facets of a developing writer—(1) maker, (2) artist, (3) creator, and (4) performer, and Karen Lunsford’s approach of wayfinding—(1) worlds apart, (2) literacy in the wild, (3) ecologies and networks, and (4) transfer in writing studies, this study, inspired by the notion of affective economy and splinternet, offers a rhetorical quartet pertaining to the literary career of China-related writers to argue that circulation naturalizes the rhetorical processes that govern meaning within the configuration of digital age. Moreover, this study examines the role of digital algorithms as accelerants, magnifying the dissemination of these narratives and marrying a mutual dance between text and reader. In our view, emergence of affect unsettles AI-dominant networks of literature, offering a middle ground to recalibrate the relationship between rhetorical circulation and splinternet transfiguration.
Retooling the Massive Transfusion Protocol at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center
Authors: Hung Stevephen , Carpenay Richard , Fernandez Xiomara , Nava Victor E
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Massive transfusion protocols (MTPs) ensure the timely and life-saving delivery of blood products to patients who are rapidly exsanguinating. Although essential, MTPs are also highly resource-intensive. Effective MTP implementation must balance the resources of the hospital with the needs of the patient population that they serve, as well as avoid instances of unjustified activations. Toward this goal, we implemented a set of policy improvements to our institution’s MTP aimed at ensuring appropriate clinical activation.

Materials and Methods

Following interdisciplinary discussions with clinical teams, we revamped our institution’s MTP in the spring of 2019, focusing on the improved training of junior clinicians by requiring final approval of all MTP activations by attendings and fellows, and providing opportunities to review MTP execution during quarterly meetings. Other changes included implementing blood warmers and streamlining the MTP ordering process. We then performed a retrospective study to evaluate the effects of our refurbished MTP on the frequency, characteristics, and outcomes of massive transfusions activated at the Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center between March 2018 to February 2019 and March 2019 to February 2020 (before and after the policy change, respectively). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. Fisher exact test, Wilcoxon test, and Poisson test were used to compare differences in categorical variables, continuous variables, and the rate of MTP activation, before and after policy changes were implemented, respectively. This study is exempt from the Institutional Review Board’s review.

Results

We did not detect statistically significant changes in patient and MTP-related parameters, nor survival outcomes following policy improvement. However, we observed a decreasing trend in MTP activations, and concomitantly, a significant increase in the number of days between MTP activations, from 12.5 days (median) in the first year to 41 days (median) in the second year (P = 0.0274).

Conclusions

In summary, we developed an MTP tailored to the needs of our Veterans Affairs Medical Center, providing a reliable system for blood product administration to patients with real massive transfusion requirements while reducing unjustified MTP activations. We credit the reduction in MTP activations mainly to improved education and training of clinicians, which, in turn, changed their ordering behaviors. Fewer unjustified MTP activations decrease the potential for wastage of resources such as blood and blood components and preserves work hours of staff for patients with true transfusion needs. We believe our strategy may have a widespread and compounding effect on improving blood stewardship nationwide, given our trainees’ propensity to work at medical centers across the country and educate future trainees of their own.