bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thiol‐ene click chemistry for constructing transition layer to enhance the interface interaction between polyacrylonitrile fiber and styrene‐butadiene‐styrene modified asphalt
Authors: Zhang Panpan , Xing Susu , Lin Zibo , Zhao Zhenxia , Kong Hao , Li Jing
Published: February 2024

Based on the high chemical stability and excellent end‐group functionalization capability of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS), this study utilized thiol‐functionalized POSS (POSS‐SH) in a click chemistry reaction with styrene‐butadiene‐styrene triblock copolymer (SBS). The objective was to design a functional group forming a chemical bond with the polymer matrix, resulting in the preparation of thiol‐functionalized polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers chemically cross‐linked with POSS‐SH/PAN/SBS hybrid material. This hybrid material not only enhanced the compatibility between the components but also facilitated a connection between the fiber and SBS, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the modified asphalt. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and atomic force microscopy analyses confirmed the successful modification of POSS‐SH/PAN fibers. FESEM analysis of the modified asphalt verified that POSS‐SH/PAN fibers contributed to strengthening the interfacial performance between the fiber and asphalt. Cone penetration and dynamic shear rheometer tests indicated that, compared to SBS‐modified asphalt, PAN/SBS and POSS‐SH/PAN/SBS‐modified asphalt exhibited enhanced shear strength, deformation resistance, and viscoelastic properties. Additionally, at 46°C, the storage modulus (G′) of 1.5% POSS‐SH/PAN/SBS‐modified asphalt increased by 11% compared to 1.5% PAN/SBS asphalt, with increases of 13.75% and 10.8% in loss modulus (G″) and complex modulus (G*), respectively.
Evaluating risks to seabirds on the urban–coastal interface: Modelling dog attacks on little penguin populations in Tasmania
Authors: Blamey Laura K. , Bulman Catherine M. , Tuck Geoffrey N. , Woehler Eric J. , Marker Perviz F. , Patterson Toby A.
Published: February 2024

Tasmania (including offshore islands) has the largest breeding population of little penguins (Eudyptula minor) in Australia, but coastal development around nesting areas has led to habitat loss, often resulting in smaller, fragmented colonies. Colonies have also been subject to predation by introduced domestic species. This study assessed whether historical levels of domestic dog predation could threaten the viability of penguin populations.

Data collected since the 1980s detailing little penguin kills by domestic dogs were used to inform the extent of individual mortality events. The potential impact of dog attacks on the viability of little penguin colonies of the sizes typically found on mainland Tasmania was explored using an age‐based population model. Simulation was conducted over decadal timescales to assess the impact of attacks at varying frequencies and intensities on small (100 birds), medium (300 birds) and large (500 birds) colonies that were stable, growing or decreasing.

Results suggested that frequent and intense dog attacks markedly increased the probability of colony decline, regardless of colony size. Even large, growing penguin colonies were at risk of decline. The risk of extinction was <10% for medium and large stable colonies if no more than 15–25 penguins were killed per attack and there were no more than 20 attacks per 50 years. For small‐sized colonies, the risk of extinction was <10% if fewer than 10 attacks occurred per 50‐year period and no more than 15 birds were killed per attack.

Importantly, results suggested that for small colonies especially, even low levels of predator attack could lead to colony collapse in 10–15 years. For large colonies that were already decreasing, the average time to extinction was markedly increased with additional mortalities from dogs, highlighting the need for ongoing management measures that reduce or eliminate dog attacks to help conserve this iconic species.
Skull osteology, neuroanatomy, and jaw‐related myology of the pig‐nosed turtle Carettochelys insculpta (Cryptodira, Trionychia)
Authors: Rollot Yann , Evers Serjoscha W. , Ferreira Gabriel S. , Girard Léa C. , Werneburg Ingmar , Joyce Walter G.
Published: February 2024

The osteology, neuroanatomy, and musculature are known for most primary clades of turtles (i.e., “families”), but knowledge is still lacking for one particular clade, the Carettochelyidae. Carettochelyids are represented by only one living taxon, the pig‐nosed turtle Carettochelys insculpta. Here, we use micro‐computed tomography of osteological and contrast‐enhanced stained specimens to describe the cranial osteology, neuroanatomy, circulatory system, and jaw musculature of Carettochelys insculpta. The jaw‐related myology is described in detail for the first time for this taxon, including m. zygomaticomandibularis, a muscular unit only found in trionychians. We also document a unique arterial pattern for the internal carotid artery and its subordinate branches and provide an extensive list of osteological ontogenetic differences. The present work provides new insights into the craniomandibular anatomy of turtles and will allow a better understanding of the evolutionary history of the circulatory system of trionychians and intraspecific variation among turtles.
Design of Wide‐Temperature Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Yang Hang , Zhao Yangmingyue , Li Suo , Tong Hao , Li Libo
Published: February 2024

In electrochemical energy storage (EES), lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries have recently gained recognition for their exceptional theoretical specific capacity, making them stand out among a wide range of cutting‐edge energy storage technologies. While Li−S batteries demonstrate a long cycle life under regular conditions, expanding their application scenarios is crucial for their future development. Specifically, ensuring stable battery operation in extreme temperature environments, such as below 0 °C and above 60 °C, becomes paramount. Thus, this review aims to summarize the recent progress of Li−S batteries in extreme temperature ranges and analyse the processability of critical materials within these batteries at extreme temperatures. Ultimately, this review presents insights and potential prospects for Li−S battery systems operating within a wide temperature range, contributing to advancing energy storage devices capable of functioning across various temperatures.
Cumulative incidence and risk factors for recurrence of upper tract urothelial carcinoma in patients undergoing radical cystectomy
Authors: Yamashita Ryo , Nakamura Masafumi , Notsu Akifumi , Asakura Koiku , Usui Kimitsugu , Sakura Yuma , Shinsaka Hideo , Matsuzaki Masato , Sugino Takashi , Mizuno Ryuichi , Niwakawa Masashi , Oya Mototsugu
Published: February 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the cumulative incidence of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) recurrence and identify its risk factors in patients who underwent radical cystectomy (RC).

Patients and methods

We performed RC on 385 patients between September 2002 and February 2020. After excluding 20 patients—13 with simultaneous nephroureterectomy, 6 with distal ureteral stump positivity and 1 with urachal cancer—365 patients were included in the analysis. To predict UTUC recurrence, we examined the cancer extension pattern in cystectomy specimens and categorized them into three types: cancer located only in the bladder (bladder‐only type), cancer extending to the urethra or distal ureter (one‐extension type) and cancer extending to both the urethra and distal ureter (both‐extension type). We determined hazard ratios for UTUC recurrence for each covariate, including this cancer extension pattern.

Results

Of the 365 patients, 60% had the bladder‐only type, 30% had the one‐extension type and 10% had the both‐extension type. During a median follow‐up period of 72 months for survivors, UTUC recurred in 25 of the 365 patients, with cumulative incidences of 3.7% at 5 years and 8.3% at 10 years. The median interval from cystectomy to recurrence was 65 months (interquartile range: 36–92 months). In the multivariate analysis, the extension pattern was a significant predictor of UTUC recurrence. The hazard ratios for UTUC recurrence were 3.12 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.15–8.43, p = 0.025) for the one‐extension type and 5.96 (95% CI = 1.98–17.91, p = 0.001) for the both‐extension type compared with the bladder‐only type.

Conclusions

The cancer extension pattern in cystectomy specimens is predictive of UTUC recurrence. A more extensive cancer extension in cystectomy specimens elevates the risk of subsequent UTUC recurrence. Intensive long‐term monitoring is essential, particularly for patients with the both‐extension type.
Boundary conditions for the positive skew bias
Authors: Frank Colleen C. , Abiodun Sade J. , Seaman Kendra L.
Published: February 2024

Gambles that involve a large but unlikely gain coupled with a small but likely loss—like a lottery ticket—are known as positively skewed. There is evidence that people tend to prefer these positively skewed choices, leading to what is called a positive‐skew bias. In this study, we attempt to better understand under what conditions people are more drawn towards positively skewed, relative to symmetric, gambles. Based on the animal literature, there is reason to believe that preference for skewed gambles is dependent on the strength of the skew, with a greater preference for more strongly skewed options. In two online studies (Study 1: N = 209; Study 2: N = 210), healthy participants across the lifespan (ages 22–85) made a series of choices between a positively skewed risky gamble and either a certain outcome (Study 1) or risky symmetric gamble (Study 2). Logistic regression analyses revealed that people were more likely to choose moderately and strongly skewed gambles over certain outcomes, with the exception of when there were large potential losses (Study 1). However, a stronger skewness did not increase preference for positively skewed gambles over symmetric gambles, findings that also may depend on the valence of the expected outcome (Study 2). Taken together, these results suggest that there may be a greater preference for more strongly positively skewed gambles, but it (1) is dependent on what other gamble is presented and (2) is most prevalent for positive expected values. Additionally, contrary to previous findings, we did not find strong evidence of an age‐related increase in positive skew bias in either study. However, exploratory analyses revealed that decision making strategy and cognitive abilities may play a role.
Prospects of antidiabetic drugs in the treatment of neurodegenerative disease
Authors: Hu Lidan , Wang Wenmin , Chen Xiangjun , Bai Guannan , Ma Liangjian , Yang Xin , Shu Qiang , Li Xuekun
Published: February 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) stand for a group of disorders characterized by the progressive loss of neurons in the brain and peripheral organs, resulting in motor and cognitive dysfunction. The global prevalence of NDs, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, is on the rise globally, primarily due to an aging population, positioning NDs as an increasing significant public health concern. Despite intensive research, few effective therapies that prevent or delay ND progression have been developed. Mounting evidence indicates that one of the well‐defined risk factors for NDs is type 2 diabetes mellitus, and insulin resistance has also been proven to be related to cognitive decline. Certain antidiabetic drugs, such as glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma agonists, and metformin, have shown promise in offering neuroprotective benefits and alleviating ND symptoms beyond their glucose‐lowering effects. Although the exact mechanisms remain elusive, these drugs offer a promising novel strategy for managing cognitive disorders. In this review, we first highlight the benefits and specific neuroprotective effects of multiple antidiabetic drugs and discuss the main mechanisms of action of antidiabetic drugs in treating NDs. These mechanisms include reducing protein aggregation and improving apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Finally, we summarize clinical trials evaluating these drugs for treating NDs.
‘Don't just magically assume you're going to get better as a therapist as time goes on’: An exploration of the use of deliberate practice
Authors: Mahon Daryl
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Deliberate practice (DP) is an emerging concept in counselling and psychotherapy research that can be used to effectively help practitioners develop a host of therapy skills and processes. However, to date, no studies have examined its use in naturalistic settings with professionally qualified practitioners.

Methods

A qualitative descriptive approach using content analysis was employed with a purposive sample of international practitioners who were using DP in naturalistic settings. The sample consisted of therapists (N = 6) from five different countries, identifying as male (N = 5) and female (N = 1).

Results

Six categories were developed from qualitative interviews: (1) motivation for engaging in DP; (2) the impact of definition and operationalisation; (3) what to practice; (4) how to practice DP; (5) use of supports to develop DP; and (6) the emotional impact of DP. Deliberate practice is still in its infancy, and its definition may not translate into psychotherapy without modification. Participants described using DP to develop a host of psychotherapy skills and processes, and found support structures such as supervision and peers as helpful in the DP process. However, DP was also described as challenging to practice and it can cause those engaging in it to feel vulnerable and distressed. Implications are discussed for practice and future research.

Conclusion

Deliberate practice is an emerging method used by practitioners to improve their skill acquisition. However, a lack of consensus on its key features may limit the extent of its dissemination and utility to practitioners in naturalistic settings. Further research should seek to provide a definition of DP more consistent with the practice of psychotherapy, and how to operationalise DP using methods that are inclusive for all practitioners whilst acknowledging the potential impact it can have on their sense of self.
Social‐oriented versus task‐oriented streamer interaction styles on live streaming e‐commerce: Empirical research in China
Authors: Zhang Depeng , Fu Lihong , Ma Jiaxin , Chen Chunfeng
Published: February 2024

Live streaming commerce has seen significant growth in recent years. While the interaction style of streamers with consumers is crucial in influencing engagement behaviour, there is limited understanding of how a streamer's interaction style affects consumer engagement. This study, based on epistemic vigilance mechanisms, explores the effect of streamers' interaction styles (social‐oriented versus task‐oriented) on consumer engagement. It also investigates the mediating role of epistemic vigilance and the moderating role of consumer expertise. The study's findings, derived from three experiments, are as follows. First, social‐oriented interaction styles, compared with task‐oriented styles, are more likely to boost consumer engagement. Second, task‐oriented interaction styles lead to increased consumer epistemic vigilance, which subsequently decreases their engagement. Third, social‐oriented interaction styles enhance engagement intentions among consumers with high expertise compared to those with low expertise. These insights will provide live streaming commerce managers with a better understanding of consumers' psychological activities, enabling them to effectively design streamers' interaction strategies for marketing activities.
The Role of Cobalt‐Based Cocatalysts on BiVO4 for Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Nie Zhiwei , Zhang Boyang , Zhang Jifang , Hu Kejing , Ma Guijun , Yang Nan
Published: February 2024

Cocatalysts play a key role in enhancing activity of photoelectrodes while the study of their interaction remains a challenge. Here, we decoupled the relationship between oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance and photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation performance by modifying an identical BiVO4 with different cobalt‐based OER catalysts including Co, CoO, Co3O4, and Co4N. The electrochemical OER activities of these cobalt specimens were quite similar. Their anodic photocurrent density followed an order of: Co4N>Co>Co3O4>CoO after loading on the BiVO4 electrode. The kinetics process and energy band diagram were analyzed, revealing that the interface between different cobalt specimens and BiVO4 electrode influenced the charge recombination and transfer. Accordingly, we propose a corresponding structural model, which shows that the cocatalysts consist of inner part for interface modulation and the outer layer for catalysis. The present work reveals the vital role of contact interface between cocatalysts and semiconductors, and more attention should be paid when selecting the cocatalysts.
Recent Advancements in Continuous‐Flow Suzuki‐Miyaura Coupling Utilizing Immobilized Molecular Palladium Complexes
Authors: Zhang Zhenzhong , Yamada Yoichi M. A.
Published: February 2024

Immobilized Pd‐catalyzed Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling under continuous‐flow conditions using a packed‐bed reactor, representing an efficient, automated, practical, and safe technology compared to conventional batch‐type reactions. The core objective of this study is the development of an active and durable catalyst. In contrast to supported Pd nanoparticles, the attachment of Pd complexes onto solid supports through well‐defined coordination sites is considered a favorable approach for preparing highly dispersed and stabilized Pd species. These species can be directly employed in various flow reactions without the need for pre‐treatment. This concept paper explores recent achievements involving the application of immobilized Pd complexes as precatalysts for continuous‐flow Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling. Our focus is to elucidate the significance of the designed catalyst structures in relation to their catalytic performance under flow conditions. Additionally, we highlight various reaction systems and catalyst packing methods, emphasizing their crucial roles in establishing a practical synthesis process.
Photosensitizers Enable the Formation of Biphenyls with UV‐LEDs and Sunlight
Authors: Haensch Veit G. , Hertweck Christian
Published: February 2024

The regioselective synthesis of biphenyls, which are economically important pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and liquid crystals, is a challenging task. Current methods rely on metal‐dependent cross‐coupling reactions, which unfortunately require the use of harmful halogenated aryls and heavy metal catalysts that are toxic and difficult to remove from the final products. Recently, we have circumvented these problems by developing a metal‐free and broadly applicable photochemical method for biphenyl synthesis using UV−C light, called photosplicing. Here we present an improved method using photosensitizers in combination with UV−B, UV−A light, or sunlight. Using a high‐precision flow reactor with deep‐UV LEDs, we investigated the ability of commonly available organic photosensitizers to enhance the photosplicing reaction and identified a number of suitable photosensitizers with the required triplet energy. This method allows for easy batch synthesis of biaryls in borosilicate glassware and paves the way for their large‐scale production without the need for flow reactors.
Performance of a novel cobalt phthalocyanine sulfonamide‐based catalyst for oxidative desulphurization of gas condensate
Authors: Mirvakili Azadeh , Baghzar Ahmad , Hooshyar Milad , Zahabi Kimia , Azin Reza , Kazemzadeh Yousef
Published: February 2024

Sulphur compounds and mercaptans in gas condensate cause corrosion problems, poison catalysts in catalytic processes, and have adverse environmental impact through SOx emission upon combustion. Therefore, it is essential to remove sulphur and mercaptan from gas condensate to standard levels. In this study, the oxidative desulphurization (ODS) process in the presence of a cobalt phthalocyanine sulfonamide‐based catalyst was investigated. The homogeneous catalyst containing 23 wt.% active material was used and optimum operating conditions of temperature, volume ratio of caustic to gas condensate, caustic concentration, and solvent amount were determined to decrease sulphur content to less than 500 ppm and mercaptan to less than 200 ppm. The catalyst consumption in all experiments was kept constant at a minimum level (0.01 g/400 mL gas condensate). Results showed that this catalyst improved the reaction rate in the lower temperature and lower caustic to feed ratio and lower caustic concentration. The maximum sulphur removal was obtained at 5°C and 4 vol.% of caustic to gas condensate ratio at 16.7 wt.% of caustic concentration. Moreover, this catalyst improved sulphur removal from the gas condensate to about 5% compared to caustic sweeting without catalyst. Sulphur compounds had higher solubility in acetone rather than methanol, and sulphur removal by acetone was 96% while it was 91% for methanol. Finally, the economical and acceptable solvent for sulfoxides removal was methanol with 5% volume fraction.
The expanding role of circulating tumor DNA in resectable non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Morgensztern Daniel
Published: February 2024

Despite treatment with curative intent, many patients with non–small cell lung cancer develop tumor relapse. The detection of minimal residual disease with circulating tumor DNA may allow for a more personalized treatment, which may potentially allow patients with a high risk for relapse to receive more aggressive therapy and those with a low risk for relapse to avoid overtreatment.
All that Glitters Is not Gold: Type‐I Error Controlled Variable Selection from Clinical Trial Data
Authors: Zimmermann Manuela R. , Baillie Mark , Kormaksson Matthias , Ohlssen David , Sechidis Konstantinos
Published: February 2024

Clinical trials are primarily conducted to estimate causal effects, but the data collected can also be invaluable for additional research, such as identifying prognostic measures of disease or biomarkers that predict treatment efficacy. However, these exploratory settings are prone to false discoveries (type‐I errors) due to the multiple comparisons they entail. Unfortunately, many methods fail to address this issue, in part because the algorithms used are generally designed to optimize predictions and often only provide the measures used for variable selection, such as machine learning model importance scores, as a byproduct. To address the resulting unclear uncertainty in the selection sets, the knockoff framework offers a model‐agnostic, robust approach to variable selection with guaranteed type‐I error control. Here, we review the knockoff framework in the setting of clinical data, highlighting main considerations using simulation studies. We also extend the framework by introducing a novel knockoff generation method that addresses two main limitations of previously suggested methods relevant for clinical development settings. With this new method, we empirically obtain tighter bounds on type‐I error control and gain an order of magnitude in computational efficiency in mixed data settings. We demonstrate comparable selections to those of the competing method for identifying prognostic biomarkers for C‐reactive protein levels in patients with psoriatic arthritis in four clinical trials. Our work increases access to the knockoff framework for variable selection from clinical trial data. Hereby, this paper helps to address the current replicability crisis which can result in unnecessary research efforts, increased patient burden, and avoidable costs.
Exploring mc‐Silicon Wafers: Utilizing Machine Learning to Enhance Wafer Quality Through Etching Studies
Authors: Raji Madhesh , Balakrishnapillai Suseela Sreeja , Manikkam Srinivasan , Anbazhagan Gowthami , Kutsukake Kentaro , Thamotharan Keerthivasan , Rajavel Ramadoss , Usami Noritaka , Perumalsamy Ramasamy
Published: February 2024

This paper provides a method for improving the photovoltaic conversion efficiency and optical attributes of silicon solar cells manufactured from as‐cut boron doped p‐type multi‐crystalline silicon wafers using acid‐based chemical texturization via machine learning. A decreased reflectance, which can be attained by the right chemical etching conditions, is one of the key elements for raising solar cell efficiency. In this work, the mc‐Silicon wafer surface reflectance is obtained under (<2%) after optimization of wet chemical etching. The HF + HNO3 + CH3COOH chemical etchant is used in the ratio 1:3:2 at different conditions of the etching duration of 1 min, 2 min, 3 min, and 4 min, respectively. The as‐cut boron doped p‐type mc‐silicon wafers are analysed with ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, optical microscopy, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, thickness profilometer, and scanning electron microscopy before and after etching. The chemical etching solution produces good results in 3 min etched wafer, with a reflectivity value of <2%.The reflectivity and optical images are inputs to the convolutional neural network model and the linear regression model to obtain the etching rate for better reflectivity. The classification model provides 99.6% accuracy and the regression model results in the minimum mean squared error (MSE) of 0.062.
Severe storm damage and short‐term weather stresses on corn: A review
Authors: Lindsey Alexander J. , Ortez Osler A. , Thomison Peter R. , Carter Paul R. , Coulter Jeffrey A. , Roth Greg W. , Carrijo Daniela R. , Quinn Daniel J. , Licht Mark A.
Published: February 2024

Adverse weather conditions from acute events (e.g., storms causing lodging, flooding, or hail) or short‐duration weather patterns (i.e., periods of cold events; extended waterlogged field conditions) can result in yield losses, though management practices may play key roles in aiding with crop recovery or avoidance of these stress events. This review summarizes current knowledge (with emphasis placed on the US Midwest) related to corn response to short‐term weather stresses of (i) cold temperature, (ii) excess water, (iii) hail/defoliation damage, and (iv) wind damage. Each section presents summaries of how corn growth and yield are affected, provides context into past events experienced, identifies agronomic or production recommendations to correct or alleviate the stress condition, and proposes areas where future research is needed. This review also highlights challenges associated with controlled simulation work on these stressors, and also identifies key areas to expand future research efforts. In general, yield losses associated with strong storms and short‐term weather events often ranged from 5% to 35%, but extreme cases could result in up to 80%–100% yield loss. Much of the literature on these topics was published prior to 1995, though it still forms the basis for modern agronomic guidance, which is problematic given the changes in agriculture in the last 20 years in management practices, available genetics and technologies, and changing environmental conditions. Revisiting these foundational studies and expanding them to examine current and future weather conditions are critical for better informing agronomic recommendations, for devising mitigation strategies, and for determining accurate yield loss expectations following these stresses.
Does corporate governance influence readability of the report by the chairman of the board of directors? The case of Jordanian listed companies
Authors: Herenia Gutiérrez‐Ponce , Julián Chamizo González , Al‐mohareb Manar Moffadi Awad
Published: February 2024

This study investigates whether readability of the president's statement is linked to both company performance and factors related to corporate governance in an emerging market context. We analyse Jordanian manufacturing companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) during the period 2017–2021. An exploratory study using panel data from ASE, parametric correlations, and regression models shows the relationship between readability of the president's statement, corporate governance, and characteristics of the board of directors. The results indicate that corporate governance significantly moderates readability of the president's statement and the firm's performance. The results also show a relationship between readability of the chairman's statement and directors' accounting experience and confirm that independence of the board of directors and concentration of ownership affect readability of the accounting disclosures in the chairman's statement. Finally, poor board compliance significantly mitigates the association between board features and readability of the chairman's statement. These findings help to explain how and why firms adjust their information disclosure and transparency practices, affecting corporate reporting credibility and efficacy. This study is one of few to examine how board features affect readability of the president's statement within the Jordanian legal framework, which is plagued by poor board compliance due in part to constant amendments.
Immunoglobulin G genetic variation can confound assessment of antibody levels via altered binding to detection reagents
Authors: Purcell Ruth A , Aurelia L Carissa , Esterbauer Robyn , Allen Lilith F , Bond Katherine A , Williamson Deborah A , Trevillyan Janine M , Trubiano Jason A , Juno Jennifer J , Wheatley Adam K , Davenport Miles P , Nguyen Thi HO , Kedzierska Katherine , Kent Stephen J , Selva Kevin John , Chung Amy W
Published: February 2024

Objectives

Amino acid variations across more than 30 immunoglobulin (Ig) allotypes may introduce structural changes that influence recognition by anti‐Ig detection reagents, consequently confounding interpretation of antibody responses, particularly in genetically diverse cohorts. Here, we assessed a panel of commercial monoclonal anti‐IgG1 clones for capacity to universally recognise two dominant IgG1 haplotypes (G1m‐1,3 and G1m1,17).

Methods

Four commercial monoclonal anti‐human IgG1 clones were assessed via ELISAs and multiplex bead‐based assays for their ability to bind G1m‐1,3 and G1m1,17 IgG1 variants. Detection antibodies were validated against monoclonal IgG1 allotype standards and tested for capacity to recognise antigen‐specific plasma IgG1 from G1m‐1,3 and G1m1,17 homozygous and heterozygous SARS‐CoV‐2 BNT162b2 vaccinated (n = 28) and COVID‐19 convalescent (n = 44) individuals. An Fc‐specific pan‐IgG detection antibody corroborated differences between hinge‐ and Fc‐specific anti‐IgG1 responses.

Results

Hinge‐specific anti‐IgG1 clone 4E3 preferentially bound G1m1,17 compared to G1m‐1,3 IgG1. Consequently, SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike‐specific IgG1 levels detected in G1m1,17/G1m1,17 BNT162b2 vaccinees appeared 9‐ to 17‐fold higher than in G1m‐1,3/G1m‐1,3 vaccinees. Fc‐specific IgG1 and pan‐IgG detection antibodies equivalently bound G1m‐1,3 and G1m1,17 IgG1 variants, and detected comparable Spike‐specific IgG1 levels between haplotypes. IgG1 responses against other human coronaviruses and influenza were similarly poorly detected by 4E3 anti‐IgG1 in G1m‐1,3/G1m‐1,3 subjects.

Conclusion

Anti‐IgG1 clone 4E3 confounds assessment of antibody responses in clinical cohorts owing to bias towards detection of G1m1,17 IgG1 variants. Validation of anti‐Ig clones should include evaluation of binding to relevant antibody variants, particularly as the role of immunogenetics upon humoral immunity is increasingly explored in diverse populations.
Modified cell trace violet proliferation assay preserves lymphocyte viability and allows spectral flow cytometry analysis
Authors: Davis Joanne E. , Ludford‐Menting Mandy , Koldej Rachel , Ritchie David S.
Published: February 2024

In this study we describe three different methods for labeling T lymphocytes with cell trace violet (CTV), in order to track cell division in mouse and human cells, in both the in vitro and in vivo setting. We identified a modified method of CTV labeling that can be applied directly to either conventional or spectral flow cytometry, that maintained lymphocyte viability and function, yet minimized dye spill‐over into other fluorochrome channels. Our optimized method for CTV labeling allowed us to identify up to eight cell divisions and the replication index for in vitro‐stimulated mouse and human lymphocytes, and the co‐expression of T‐cell subset markers. Furthermore, the homeostatic trafficking, expansion and division of CTV‐labeled congenic donor T cells could be detected using spectral cytometry, in an adoptive T‐cell transfer mouse model. Our optimized CTV method can be applied to both in vitro and in vivo settings to examine the behavior and phenotype of activated T cells.
Benzocoumarin‐Fused Triskelions Exhibit AIEE Due to Inhibited Molecular Inversion
Authors: Ueda Masafumi , Kuramochi Midori , Shimizu Riho , Ohba Yuki , Yamamoto Norifumi , Mazaki Yasuhiro
Published: February 2024

Developing aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) is a unique strategy for alleviating concentration quenching of π‐conjugated organic compounds. This AIE behaviour can be induced not only in organic dyes with rotors but also in invertible π‐conjugated systems. Herein, intramolecular Ullmann coupling was used to synthesize π‐twisted triskelion‐shaped AIEgens (2F, 2G, and 2H), in which benzo[f], [g], and [h] coumarins were fused into the benzene core to form a helical propeller shape. These structural isomers had unique molecular thicknesses and planarities depending on the fusion mode of the benzocoumarin. The racemic crystals, PPP and MMM, had different overlapping molecular configurations because of their twisted molecular frameworks. Compounds 2F, 2G and 2H demonstrated weak fluorescence emission in diluted solutions resulting from molecular motions caused by the isomerization process during molecular inversion. By comparison, aggregates exhibited enhanced emission intensity. These π‐twisted triskelions exhibited the characteristics of AIEgens.
Nanoparticles based on carbon dots and reduced graphene oxide as electrochemical sensor for voltammetric determination of hydroxychloroquine
Authors: dos Santos Júnior José Carlos , de Oliveira S. Silva Jonatas , dos Santos José Felipe , Santos Monteiro Michael Douglas , Oliveira Rodrigues Marcelo , Midori Sussuchi Eliana
Published: February 2024

The hybrid material was obtained from the synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) followed by GO chemical reduction with L‐ascorbic acid. Then hydrothermal synthesis was carried out to form and grow carbon dots (CDs) on the surface of reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The material obtained, CD@rGO, was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the infrared (FTIR), Raman and UV‐visible (UV‐Vis) spectroscopy, in addition to X‐ray diffractometry (XRD), spectroscopy and electrochemical methods. The results indicated the formation of carbon dots on the surface of rGO. The study of the voltammetric determination of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was performed using adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV) and employing a modified electrode with CD@rGO (ECR). Optimizations were kept in the electrolytic environment and AdSV technique parameters, making it possible to obtain a LOD and LOQ of 2.40 and 7.99 pmol L−1, respectively. The evaluation of the ECR electrochemical stability, repeatability and reproducibility tests were performed with maximum variations of up to 2.79 and 2.03 %, respectively. Determinations in commercial samples of HCQ (tablets) and synthetic urine, recovery in the range of 101.55–106.83 % were obtained.
Numerical studies of manipulation and separation of microparticles in ODEP‐based microfluidic chips
Authors: Zhao Kai , Yao Junzhu , Wei Yunman , Kong Dejian , Wang Junsheng
Published: February 2024

A novel optical‐induced dielectrophoresis (ODEP) method employing a pressure‐driven flow for the continuous separation of microparticles is presented in this study. By applying alternate current electric field on conductive indium tin oxide substrate and projecting the light geometry into the photoconductive layer, an inhomogeneous electric field is locally induced. The particles experience the dielectrophoretic force when passing through the lighting area, where the strongest electrical field gradient exists. By optimizing the structure of the lighting pattern, a stronger nonuniform electric field gradient is generated which predicts the separation of 1 and 3 µm polystyrene particles. Moreover, the effects of key parameters, including the light pattern geometry, applied voltage, and flow rate, were investigated in this study, leading to the successful sorting of 700 nm and 1 µm particles. To further examine the separation sensitivity and practicability of the proposed ODEP microfluidic method, the isolation of two different types of circulating tumor cells from T‐cells and red blood cells are demonstrated, providing a novel method for the manipulation and separation of microparticles and nanoparticles.
Semi‐transparent metal electrode‐free all‐inorganic perovskite solar cells using floating‐catalyst‐synthesized carbon nanotubes
Authors: Yoon Saemon , Lee Il Hyun , Han Jiye , Bahadur Jitendra , Lee Seojun , Lee Sangsu , Kim Dong Suk , Mikladal B. , Kauppinen Esko I. , Kang Dong‐Won , Jeon Il
Published: February 2024

Perovskite solar cells offer a promising future for next‐generation photovoltaics owing to numerous advantages such as high efficiency and ease of processing. However, two significant challenges, air stability, and manufacturing costs, hamper their commercialization. This study proposes a solution to these issues by introducing a floating catalyst‐based carbon nanotube (CNT) electrode into all‐inorganic perovskite solar cells for the first time. The use of CNT eliminates the need for metal electrodes, which are primarily responsible for high fabrication costs and device instability. The nanohybrid film formed by combining hydrophobic CNT with polymeric hole‐transporting materials acted as an efficient charge collector and provided moisture protection. Remarkably, the metal‐electrode‐free CNT‐based all‐inorganic perovskite solar cells demonstrated outstanding stability, maintaining their efficiency for over 4000 h without encapsulation in air. These cells achieved a retention efficiency of 13.8%, which is notable for all‐inorganic perovskites, and they also exhibit high transparency in both the visible and infrared regions. The obtained efficiency was the highest for semi‐transparent all‐inorganic perovskite solar cells. Building on this, a four‐terminal tandem device using a low‐band perovskite solar cell achieved a power conversion efficiency of 21.1%. These CNT electrodes set new benchmarks for the potential of perovskite solar cells with groundbreaking device stability and tandem applicability, demonstrating a step toward industrial applications.

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Free flap jaw reconstruction with dental implantation: A single‐institution experience
Authors: Ostrander Benjamin T. , Meller Leo , Harmon Matthew , Archambault Katya , Kristallis Thanos , Hammer Daniel , Orosco Ryan K.
Published: February 2024

Background

We sought to review our institution's experience with dental implant placement in free flap jaw reconstruction to determine factors impacting restoration of dental occlusion.

Methods

Exactly 48 patients underwent free flap jaw reconstruction with or without dental restoration from 2017 to 2022. Primary outcome was achievement of restored dental occlusion after jaw free flap reconstruction.

Results

A total of 48 patients with a mean age of 59.8 ± 16.4 years underwent jaw reconstruction from 2017 to 2022. Ten patients (20.8%) received osteointegrated dental implants. Two patients received a temporary dental prosthesis, 12 ± 4 months after initial reconstruction. Three patients received a final prosthesis, with a mean time to final prosthesis of 17.7 ± 12.4 months. Five patients did not receive any prosthesis despite placement of implants.

Conclusion

A minority of patients received dental implant placement with free flap jaw reconstruction and only a small subset of these received a definitive dental prosthesis.
Dark side of algorithmic management on platform worker behaviors: A mixed‐method study
Authors: Lu Ying , Yang Miles M. , Zhu Jianhua , Wang Ying
Published: February 2024

This research investigates the impact of algorithmic management on worker behaviors, focusing on workers' commitment to service quality and referral tendencies. Drawing upon the job demands‐resources model, we argue that high levels of algorithmic management could create hindrance demands that impede service quality and demotivate referral behaviors. We propose that high workload, as a challenge demand, buffers the negative effects of algorithmic management on worker outcomes. We find support for our proposed research model in an experiment with a sample of 1362 platform‐based food‐delivery riders. We also conduct a qualitative study with 21 riders, which provides a more nuanced understanding of how algorithmic management affects workers' attitudes, behaviors, and referral tendencies.
Livestock–irrigation interaction and its influence on the sustainability of small‐scale irrigation schemes in Ethiopia
Authors: Dessalegn Hanan Tadele , Bolding Alex , de Fraiture Charlotte , Ayana Mekonen
Published: February 2024

Small‐scale irrigation (SSI) plays a large role in rural livelihoods and the economy in Ethiopia. Despite considerable investment, overall SSI performance is disappointingly poor. The sedimentation of canals and intakes leads to low performance and the abandonment of systems. Livestock roaming in the command area and around riverbanks are an important contributor to sedimentation. Commonly proposed solutions, including technocratic fixes, institutional arrangements between irrigators and livestock farmers, and collective action by irrigators, have not yielded satisfactory results. Based on three case studies from Ethiopia, we illustrate why existing solutions are not effective and why collective action is not straightforward. Using in‐depth interviews and focus‐group discussions, we examine the complex intertwined relationships between irrigators, livestock farmers and local government. Without understanding the interrelationship and accounting for the links between irrigation and livestock in the design and governance structures of SSI, the proposed technical and organizational fixes are unlikely to be successful. Addressing conflicting interests and building consensus and trust among irrigators and livestock farmers are prerequisites for solving the performance concerns of many Ethiopian SSIs.
Global evapotranspiration simulation research using a coupled deep learning algorithm with physical mechanisms
Authors: Sun Yongxi , Dong Yuru , Chen Yanfei
Published: February 2024

Evapotranspiration (ET) and actual evapotranspiration (AET) serve as critical parameters in the water vapour exchange between terrestrial surfaces and the atmosphere. ET denotes the theoretical maximum evapotranspiration achievable under ideal conditions, whereas AET represents the actual evapotranspiration observed, factoring in the constraints imposed by available water resources. Precise estimation of AET is imperative for the optimization of water resource management and the advancement of sustainable development initiatives. In recent years, deep learning techniques have been extensively utilized in AET estimation. However, traditional deep learning models often lack the incorporation of essential physical constraints. We proceeded to enhance the loss function of the temporal convolutional network (TCN) by taking into account the physical relationships that exist among soil water content (SWC), potential evapotranspiration (PET) and AET, thereby introducing a novel physically coupled deep learning model (AET, SWC after kernel principal component analysis, PET, TCN and AKP‐TCN), and checked the rationality of the model with the FLUXNET 2015 dataset. These findings underscore that the AKP‐TCN model exhibits heightened sensitivity to peak fluctuations in AET under the imposition of physical constraints. This approach notably enhances the precision of AET simulations in areas marked by complex and variable climatic conditions, such as the Mediterranean climate zone and Oceania, achieving determination coefficient (R2) values surpassing the threshold of 0.900. Compared to traditional models, which include long short‐term memory (LSTM), convolutional neural networks (CNN) and TCN, the AKP‐TCN delivers substantial R2 improvements of 16%, 16% and 9%, respectively. This advancement offers a novel perspective for coupling deep learning with physical mechanisms.
Recovering from natural disaster through exports: The case of 2010 Pakistan flood and EU tariff waiver on Pakistan textile exports
Authors: Ijaz Arusha , Yu Jisang
Published: February 2024

The objective of this study is to estimate the impact of a unilateral tariff waiver to Pakistan from the EU, intended as a relief package after the 2010 floods, on cotton exports and production in the country. We use the Synthetic Control Method and the Interactive Fixed Effects Counterfactual Estimator to assess the impact of the 2010 flood and the 2012 tariff waiver. Our findings suggest that the 2010 flood in Pakistan and the subsequent 2012 tariff waiver had limited impacts on cotton exports and production in Pakistan.
Impact of lease versus buy decisions on government tax revenues: An in‐depth analysis
Authors: Wang Guan Jun
Published: February 2024

Numerous managerial and corporate finance perspectives suggest mutual tax advantages when depreciation is transferred from an asset's user to a lessor, creating a perceived loss of tax revenue for the government. This study delves deeper into the lease versus buy decision and its ramifications on government tax revenue. It goes beyond tax rate discrepancies, exploring how factors like lessor‐lessee borrowing rate differences, asset lifespan, depreciation, and lease payment schedules impact tax revenues, both analytically and numerically. The paper establishes a strong theoretical foundation, emphasizing positive‐sum games involving lessees, lessors, and governments in individual deals. Government benefits from leasing vary across asset classes, market structures, depreciation timelines, credit quality, tax credits, and business cycles. The proposal is that the aggregate impact at the federal level could be positive, negative, or neutral across all leasing deals. These insights surpass conventional knowledge, offering valuable perspectives for finance and accounting educators, students, practitioners, and policymakers.