THE PHILOSOPHICAL HERITAGE OF PAMFIL YURKEVYCH
Authors:   Rivne State University of the Humanities, Rivne, Ukraine, SHAMSUTDYNOVA-LEBEDYUK Tetyana 
Published: October 2024

The article reveals the popularization of Ukrainian philosophical thought and its outstanding figures by the Kyiv National University, in particular the activities of Pamfil Yurkevich (1827-1874), an outstanding Ukrainian philosopher and cultural figure. Philosophical ideas of the thinker are an integral part of the continuous national scientific process, therefore there is an urgent need to return them from oblivion and a thorough understanding of the philosophical heritage will make it possible to reproduce its originality and significance both for the past and for the modern spiritual culture of the country's development period and will allow us to better to understand the problems of our society in their, first of all, moral manifestation. Pamfil Yurkevich makes an attempt to form a philosophical system («metaphysics of the heart»), based on the synthesis of Platonism, Kantianism and the «Patriarchal» tradition. Philosophical anthropology was the basis of this system. Thus, the philosopher proceeds from the attitudes that were characteristic of the contemporary spiritualacademic philosophizing, that the disclosure of metaphysical foundations is possible only through the human essence. Therefore, the subject of philosophy, according to Yurkevich, is man, the human spirit, and the task of philosophy is to strengthen faith, knowledge and beliefs. It was a kind of revolution in the understanding of the subject of philosophy, where the focus was on man as the most complex object of knowledge in the world, in whose soul lies the secret of his divine origin. An important aspect of Pamfil Yurkevich's philosophy is the concept of «idea», which permeates his entire work and makes it clear what is the essence of philosophy. To clarify this, the philosopher singles out spirit and consciousness. He points out that the spirit is much larger than consciousness. Therefore, philosophy as an understanding of the spirit depends on it and tries to make it the basis for understanding the world around us. According to P. D. Yurkevich, this basis is an idea. An idea is an exemplary form of reality, not reality itself, or, in other words, the reality we think. Without recognition of the idea, according to the Ukrainian philosopher, the living and active consciousness of a person would have a distorted view of the world, because the directed human spirit would be divorced from its aesthetic, moral and religious aspirations. An idea is what objects should be. Between ideas and phenomena, Yurkevich believed, is the creative will of God and people. The philosopher also distinguishes three spheres of existence: the world of ideas; the world of created individual things and intelligent beings; the phenomenal realm of primordial realization. These three worlds are not equivalent: the world of ideas is determinative of the other two. Pamfil Yurkevich created a comprehensive philosophical and anthropological concept of the heart as an important basis of a person's physical and spiritual life. because at the center of his teaching is a person with two characteristics - heart and mind. While developing his teaching about the «heart», P. Yurkevich relied heavily on the authority of the Holy Scriptures. The heart also hides the secret of man's modernity, it is the city that connects man with God.