bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polymerization Mechanisms of the Gel Dosimeter Type nPAG by High Energy X Radiation and Response Curve Determination Employing TRS 398
Authors: Hamann João Henrique , Pereira Peixoto José Guilherme
Published: August 2021

Dosimetry by polymer gel associated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a promising technique for three-dimensional dose determination in radiotherapy. Understanding the effects of the interaction of radiation with the materials that make up the dosimetric solution and the mechanisms of the polymerization process are fundamental. Thus, studies associated with polymer gel dosimetry have been widely developed. The awakening to this type of work is due to the fact that dosimetry by polymer gel is a tool that allows, for example, the three-dimensional analysis of the dose distribution in a given volume. In this article, a literary review was carried out for a better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the polymerization process of the dosimeter gel. Then, following the protocol presented in TRS 398, samples of the nPAG type dosimeter gel were irradiated in a medical linear accelerator with 6MeV X-ray beam energy. The response curve of these samples was obtained through the statistical analysis of magnetic resonance images.
Neurophysiological mechanisms and features of autonomic support of productive cognitive activity of intuitive type in young adults
Authors: Tretyak Т. O. , Коfan І. M. , Znanetska О. M. , Boyechko F. F. , Severynovska О. V.
Published: August 2021

Is intuition a conscious or subconscious process, a “sixth sense” or a product of learning? This article contains an answer to this question which is based on the disclosure of neurophysiological mechanisms of one of the least understandable types of human cognitive activity. For the first time with the use of cerebral cortex electrical activity mapping, a comprehensive study of the organization of cortical neural networks and the functional state of the autonomic nervous system of female biology students engaged in intuitive thinking has been conducted. The productivity of intuitive thinking is associated with increasing the spectral power of beta2-, delta-, theta-components of the electroencephalogram. The synchronization of the activity of most frequency bands is manifested in the frontal and motor areas of the cortex, which have close connections with the basal ganglia, which are responsible for the formation of skills. In the beta1-band there are probable intrahemispheric long coherences between the anterior and posterior parts of the right hemisphere, at the frequency of beta1,2- and theta-bands of the electroencephalogram they are combined into large cellular ensembles that cover the central-parietal-temporal loci of the cortex. Synchronization of biopotentials in the delta range covers large areas of the cerebral cortex. It has been established that in intuitive thinking the female students with a low standard of efficiency had a high level of central rhythm regulation, and the female students with a high standard of efficiency had a high level of autonomous regulation. Higher performance under intuitive thinking negatively correlated with low frequency findings and positively correlated with high frequency and the value of the square root of the mean squares of the intervals between heartbeats (rMSSD) in the structure of cardiorhythm. Correlation analysis found that productive mental activity is conditioned by the specific integration of cortico-visceral processes: productive intuitive thinking is associated with the activation of autonomic regulation of heart rate variability and coherence in the evolutionarily older delta and delta-theta systems of the brain. Thus, intuition is a scientific set of skills and knowledge, and the topographic signs of synchronization of electrical processes of the cerebral cortex can serve as objective criteria for successful intuitive thinking, which allow one to predict both individual abilities and the state that contributes to their realization.
Micromorphology and anatomy of the flower of Zephyranthes candida (Amaryllidaceae)
Authors: Fishchuk O. S.
Published: August 2021

The use of morphological features of flowers in the taxonomy of plants is becoming increasingly important. The structure of the Zephyranthes candida (Lindl.) Herb. flowers on permanent cross-sectional and longitudinal sections was studied using a light microscope. The genus Zephyranthes belongs to the subtribe Hippeastrinae Walp. tribe Hippeastreae Sweet., family Amaryllidaceae s.l. Microscopic studies of the flower are considered as a tool to identify hitherto unknown structural adaptations of plants to specialized pollination methods and to elucidate the first stages of fruit morphogenesis, as many features of the fruit appear at the flower stage. The morphometric parameters, morphology, anatomy, and vascular anatomy of the ovary were described by using the flower’s transverse sections. Ten flowers of Z. candida were sectioned using standard methods of Paraplast embedding and serial sectioning at 20 μm thickness. Sections were stained with Safranin and Astra Blau and mounted in Eukitt. It was found that in the studied species the tepals have multi-bundle traces of 10–12 leading bundles. We consider the gynoecium of the studied species to be eusincarpous. The vascular system of the inferior ovary consists of three dorsal and three septal bundles, paired ventral bundles of carpels, which form ovule traces. For the first time, the presence of the following gynoecium zones was detected: a synascidiate structural zone with a height of about 360 μm and a fertile symplicate structural zone with a height of about 1560 μm and a hemisymplicate zone of 480 μm. Septal nectaries appear in the hemisymplicate zone and open with nectary split at the base of the style, the total height of the septal nectary is 760 μm. The ovary roof is 280 μm. Bifurcated dorsal and septal bundles of carpels have been identified, which can be considered as adaptations of the early stages of fruit morphogenesis to opening. Anatomical features of the ovary of Z. candida are numerous vascular bundles in the pericarpium, non-lignified endocarp at the flower stage, we consider as adaptations to the formation of juicy fruit. New data on the anatomical structure of the flower are a significant addition to the information on antecological and post-anthetic features of the studied species. Also, these data can be used in the construction of parsimony branches of the family Amaryllidaceae.
Monitoring of distribution of antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms in patients with dysbiosis of the urogenital tract
Authors: Sklyar T. , Gavryliuk V. , Lavrentievа K. , Kurahina N. , Lykholat T. , Zaichenko K. , Papiashvili M. , Lykholat O. , Stepansky D.
Published: August 2021

Currently, the problem of the development of resistance to drugs among microorganisms that colonize the urogenital system is becoming especially relevant due to broadly distributed dysbiotic conditions of the reproductive system of men and women. Therefore, there should be constant monitoring of the qualitative and quantitative composition of microbiota of the urogential tract and determination of the levels of antibiotic-resistance of strains of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms in the reproductive system of various layers of the population. We monitored 774,375 people of various age and sex – patients of the independent diagnostic laboratory INVITRO in the city Dnipro in 2017–2019. Among the examined people, 640,783 of the patients were diagnosed with the development of dysbiotic disorders, accounting for 82.7% of the total amount of the applications for medical help. According to the results of identification of the range of dysbiotic conditions of the urogenital system of patients of different ages and sexes, we determined the dominating role of facultative anaerobes in the development of dysbiotic impairments caused by colonizations by large numbers of conditionally-pathogenic microorganisms: in women, Gardnerella accounted for 86.1%, Staphylococcus – 63.2%, Streptococcus – 54.1%, Candida – 69.3%; in men, Streptococcus were found in 83.0%, Staphylococcus – 79.4%, Corynebacterium – 54.2% and Candida – 37.6% of the cases. Share of obligate anaerobes was also quite large: women were diagnosed with Prevotella in 59.7%, Peptostreptococcus in 53.2%, Fusobacterium in 45.4% of the cases cases; men were observed to have Peptostreptococcus 62.4%, Clostridium in 54.3%, Bacteroides in 32.5% of the cases. We determined high parameters of frequency of diagnosing antibiotic-resistant isolates of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms that circulate in the urogenital tract of patients with dysbiotic impairments, belonging to the following families: Mycoplasmataceae – 78.6%, Enterobacteriaceae – 56.0% and genera – Staphylococcus – 76.1%, Gardnerella – 24.3%, Corynebacterium – 21.2%. The research revealed increase in the frequency of detection of strains of urapathogenic bacteria resistant to the applied antibiotic preparations in 2018–2019 compared with the data of 2017: increases of 10.3% and 6.4% in representatives of family Mycoplasmataceae resistant to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin respectively, 4.8% and 4.0% in Enterobacteriaceae resistant to chloramphenicol and ampicillin respectively, and 8.9% in the genus Staphylococcus resistant to vancomycin.
Bone remodeling stages under physiological conditions and glucocorticoid in excess: Focus on cellular and molecular mechanisms
Authors: Povoroznyuk V. V. , Dedukh N. V. , Bystrytska M. A. , Shapovalov V. S.
Published: August 2021

This review provides a rationale for the cellular and molecular mechanisms of bone remodeling stages under physiological conditions and glucocorticoids (GCs) in excess. Remodeling is a synchronous process involving bone resorption and formation, proceeding through stages of: (1) resting bone, (2) activation, (3) bone resorption, (4) reversal, (5) formation, (6) termination. Bone remodeling is strictly controlled by local and systemic regulatory signaling molecules. This review presents current data on the interaction of osteoclasts, osteoblasts and osteocytes in bone remodeling and defines the role of osteoprogenitor cells located above the resorption area in the form of canopies and populating resorption cavities. The signaling pathways of proliferation, differentiation, viability, and cell death during remodeling are presented. The study of signaling pathways is critical to understanding bone remodeling under normal and pathological conditions. The main signaling pathways that control bone resorption and formation are RANK / RANKL / OPG; M-CSF – c-FMS; canonical and non-canonical signaling pathways Wnt; Notch; MARK; TGFβ / SMAD; ephrinB1/ephrinB2 – EphB4, TNFα – TNFβ, and Bim – Bax/Bak. Cytokines, growth factors, prostaglandins, parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, calcitonin, and estrogens also act as regulators of bone remodeling. The role of non-encoding microRNAs and long RNAs in the process of bone cell differentiation has been established. MicroRNAs affect many target genes, have both a repressive effect on bone formation and activate osteoblast differentiation in different ways. Excess of glucocorticoids negatively affects all stages of bone remodeling, disrupts molecular signaling, induces apoptosis of osteocytes and osteoblasts in different ways, and increases the life cycle of osteoclasts. Glucocorticoids disrupt the reversal stage, which is critical for the subsequent stages of remodeling. Negative effects of GCs on signaling molecules of the canonical Wingless (WNT)/β-catenin pathway and other signaling pathways impair osteoblastogenesis. Under the influence of excess glucocorticoids biosynthesis of biologically active growth factors is reduced, which leads to a decrease in the expression by osteoblasts of molecules that form the osteoid. Glucocorticoids stimulate the expression of mineralization inhibitor proteins, osteoid mineralization is delayed, which is accompanied by increased local matrix demineralization. Although many signaling pathways involved in bone resorption and formation have been discovered and described, the temporal and spatial mechanisms of their sequential turn-on and turn-off in cell proliferation and differentiation require additional research.
Etiological factors in triggering non-specific allergic reactions to tuberculin in cattle
Authors: Zavgorodnii A. I. , Pozmogova S. A. , Kalashnyk M. V. , Paliy A. P. , Plyuta L. V. , Palii A. P.
Published: August 2021

The article presents the results of allergic and bacteriological studies of cattle from a tuberculosis-free farm. The presence of cattle reacting to an allergen from atypical mycobacteria was established in three allergic simultaneous tests during 2019–2020. Based on the results obtained, the causative agent of tuberculosis and atypical mycobacteria were not isolated during the bacteriological examination of a biological material from animals slaughtered for diagnostic purposes (n = 17), as well as soil (n = 5) and straw (n = 3) samples. However, microorganisms of the genera Nocardia (n = 2), Rhodococcus (n = 10), and Actinomyces (n = 5) were isolated from the biomaterial according to the results of microscopy, culture and biochemical tests. These microorganisms were also isolated from the soil and straw samples. Short-term non-specific reactions in cattle to mycobacterial allergens were due to the persistence and circulation of the aforementioned microorganisms closely related to mycobacteria. It was determined that the genera Nocardia and Rhodococcus are sensitive to the 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0% solutions of glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde and sodium hydroxide. Thus, it is necessary to take into account the epizootic situation as to the presence of nocardioform microorganisms in the herd during routine allergic studies, as well as in case of differentiation between specific reactions and paraallergic and pseudoallergic ones. It is necessary to carry out comprehensive systematic studies of livestock and feed quality assessment. For the purpose of disinfection, glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde at a concentration of 1.0% are effective in destroying microorganisms of the genera Nocardia and Rhodococcus with 3-hour exposure or more.
Impact of habitation conditions on metabolism in the muscles, liver, and gonads of different sex and age groups of bream
Authors: Payuta A. A. , Flerova E. A.
Published: August 2021

Impact of the factors of the aquatic environment is an inevitable aspect of the life of fish as poikilothermic animals and provokes responses in their organisms. The study focused on determining peculiarities in the composition of the metabolic products in the tissues of different age and sex groups of common bream Abramis brama (L.) depending on the living conditions in the water reservoirs of the Upper Volga. The fish were captured in the fattening period in summer and autumn, measured, weighed, identifying sex, maturity stage of the gonads and age. In the muscles, liver and gonads of bream, we analyzed the contents of water, dry matter, lipids, protein, ash and carbohydrates using the standard techniques. The contents of biochemical components in the organism of bream were to a higher degree determined by the peculiarities of the living conditions rather than sex and age of the individuals. In the muscles and liver of bream living in the conditions of increased water temperature and low concentration of oxygen, the concentrations of protein and ash were lower. In the same tissues of bream from the water bodies with high concentrations of pollutants in the water and benthic deposits, we found increased fat content. The muscles of male bream contained less protein and more carbohydrates than females and juvenile individuals, and the muscles of juveniles had less fat. The environmental factors had greater influence on the content of the metabolic products in the liver of bream than sex, and only females had higher ash content than males. The testes had more fat and less protein than the ovaries. During the transition of the gonads from maturity stage II to III, the contents of dry matter and lipids in them decreased. We determined that the environmental factors have stronger impact on biochemical parameters in the tissues of bream than age, because we found no general age patterns in the dynamics of biochemical components, except the liver, in which the highest content of organic compounds was found in individuals aged 6 to 10 years. Water heated by the Hydro Power Plant positively influenced the young bream, as indicated by higher content of metabolic products in individuals aged 5+ than older groups and bream from the surveyed water bodies. Monitoring of the physiological condition of bream focusing on the contents of metabolic products in the tissues may provide necessary data for successful regulation of bream populations in the water reservoirs of the Upper Volga.
Anti-tumour drugs of marine origin currently at various stages of clinical trials (review)
Authors: Bocharova E. A. , Kopytina N. I. , Slynko Е. Е.
Published: August 2021

Oncological diseases for a long time have remained one of the most significant health problems of modern society, which causes great losses in its labour and vital potential. Contemporary oncology still faces unsolved issues as insufficient efficacy of treatment of progressing and metastatic cancer, chemoresistance, and side-effects of the traditional therapy which lead to disabilities among or death of a high number of patients. Development of new anti-tumour preparations with a broad range of pharmaceutical properties and low toxicity is becoming increasingly relevant every year. The objective of the study was to provide a review of the recent data about anti-tumour preparations of marine origin currently being at various phases of clinical trials in order to present the biological value of marine organisms – producers of cytotoxic compounds, and the perspectives of their use in modern biomedical technologies. Unlike the synthetic oncological preparations, natural compounds are safer, have broader range of cytotoxic activity, can inhibit the processes of tumour development and metastasis, and at the same time have effects on several etiopathogenic links of carcinogenesis. Currently, practical oncology uses 12 anti-tumour preparations of marine origin (Fludarabine, Cytarabine, Midostaurin, Nelarabine, Eribulin mesylate, Brentuximab vedotin, Trabectedin, Plitidepsin, Enfortumab vedotin, Polatuzumab vedotin, Belantamab mafodotin, Lurbinectedin), 27 substances are at different stages of clinical trials. Contemporary approaches to the treatment of oncological diseases are based on targeted methods such as immune and genetic therapies, antibody-drug conjugates, nanoparticles of biopolymers, and metals. All those methods employ bioactive compounds of marine origin. Numerous literature data from recent years indicate heightened attention to the marine pharmacology and the high potential of marine organisms for the biomedicinal and pharmaceutic industries.
Efficacy of manganese pantothenate and lysinate chelates for prevention of perosis in broiler chickens
Authors: Sakara V. S. , Melnyk A. Y. , Sakhniuk V. V. , Vovkotrub N. V. , Fedorchenko M. M. , Balatskiy Y. О. , Bondarenko L. V.
Published: August 2021

Perosis is a common metabolic disease of industrial birds, especially broiler chickens. It leads to a violation of the balance of biotic substances in the body of chickens, which is clinically manifested by the curvature of the limbs, reduced mobility, and, consequently, reduced profitability of meat production. Prevention of perosis is possible provided that chickens receive a sufficient amount of manganese in a biologically available form. Studies were conducted to determine the efficiency of use of manganese chelates (pantothenate and lysinate) for prevention of perosis in broiler chickens. Efficacy was confirmed by examining changes in the clinical state, indicators of protein and mineral metabolism, as well as meat productivity of birds. For the experiment, broiler chickens of the Cobb-500 cross were taken at the age of 14 days. The birds of the control group received a standard diet, and the chickens from two experimental groups additionally received manganese pantothenate and lysinate with water during the critical period for the development of perosis – 14–28 days old. After 14 days of administration of manganese pantothenate and lysinate, the weight of the experimental birds at the age of 28 days was greater by 133.6 g (+11.0%) and 142.2 g (+11.7%), respectively, in comparison with poultry of the control group. Additional provision of manganese pantothenate and lysinate to chickens of the experimental groups contributed to an increase in the blood serum total protein concentration by 11.0% and 12.8 %, albumin – by 10.1% and 8.2%, magnesium – by 8.1% and 9.0% and manganese – by 29.6% and 26.9%, respectively, compared with indicies of the control group birds. The use of manganese chelates in the form of pantothenate (0.2 mL/L of water) and a lysinate (0.5 mL/L) during the 14–28th days of broiler chickens’ rearing provides 100% prevention of perosis. This reduces the death of broiler chickens, increases body weight, and, as a result, significantly increases the profitability of meat production.
Retrospective analysis of the control and prevention of tuberculosis among cattle in Ukraine in the period 1994–2020
Authors: Korniienko L. Y. , Pyskun A. V. , Ukhovskyi V. V. , Karpulenko M. S. , Moroz O. A. , Pyskun O. O. , Tsarenko T. M. , Aliekseieva G. B.
Published: August 2021

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) – is a chronic infectious disease, the causative agent of which affects many species of mammals. It is a zoonosis caused by various types of mycobacteria in the complex Mycobacterium tuberculosis family Mycobacteriaceae. The most important etiological agent of bTB in cattle is M. bovis, which has been isolated from tuberculosis infected cattle for centuries. Livestock and species of the Bovidae family are the most susceptible to this pathogen and are the main reservoir species for animals and humans. In Ukraine, the main methods of diagnosing tuberculosis in animal husbandry are lifetime (clinical examination, allergic intradermal test with tuberculin), and postmortem techniques (pathological changes, bacteriological investigation). The authors performed a retrospective analysis of the epizootic situation of tuberculosis among cattle in Ukraine for the period 1994–2020 and conducted a critical assessment of the work done to prevent and control this disease. In total, over the last 27 years, 219 088 head of cattle with tuberculosis and 933 affected locations have been identified in Ukraine. The results of this work showed that in our country the epizootic situation of bovine tuberculosis on farms of various forms of ownership is fully controlled. The most active fight against tuberculosis was carried out during 1995–2015. In 1994–1997, the largest number of affected locations was registered, from 90 to 144, respectively, and the largest number of animals with tuberculosis – 21 395–33 474. In 1994–1995, the largest number of sick animals per one affected point was registered (371.9 and 471.7 head, respectively). Currently, official statistics show that many farms, especially in Vinnytska, Cherkaska and Kyivska regions, continue to show positive allergic reactions to tuberculin (46 898 reactions for the last 12 years). Applying diagnostic methods of research in complex (bacteriological, bioassay, molecular), excludes affection of cattle by pathogenic mycobacteria. This study showed that for the last 5 years no farms with confirmed pathological diagnosis by bacteriological methods have been registered and no culture of the pathogen from animals has been detected. Besides the scurpulous work of the veterinary service, in our opinion, the catastrophic decline in the number of cattle in Ukraine also had a significant impact on improving the epizootic situation regarding tuberculosis.
Antioxidant status of the organisms of young bulls in the conditions of lead-cadmium load and effect of correcting factors
Authors: Slobodian S. О. , Gutyj B. V. , Darmohray L. M. , Povoznikov M. G.
Published: August 2021

Prolonged ingress of heavy metals into the organisms of animals, even in low concentrations, causes a number of toxic impacts, affecting various organs and systems. The objective of this study was to research parameters of enzymatic and non-enzymatic links of the system of antioxidant protection of the organism of young cattle in the condition of lead-cadmium load and the effect of Metisevit Plus feed additive. Studies were conducted on the basis of the Private Agricultural Company “Ukraina”, located in Dubrovytsia district of Rivne Oblast, using 12 six-month old bulls of Ukrainian Black Pied Dairy breed divided into two groups, each consisting of 6 animals. Bulls of the control group received the standard diet. The bulls of the experimental group were fed with Metisevit Plus feed additive in the dose of 0.5 g/kg of feed. The contents of lead and cadmium in feed at the enterprise were determined to be high. According to the conducted studies, it was determined that in conditions of cadmium and lead load, there is a decrease in activity of glutathione link of the system of antioxidant protection of the organism of bulls. Feeding the bulls of the experimental group with Metisevit Plus feed additive for 30 days led to increase in the levels of non-enzymatic and enzymatic activities of the glutathione system. Significant increase in the level of reduced glutathione was recorded on days 30 and 40 of the experiment. Consumption of Metisevit Plus by the animals of the experimental group promoted increase in the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase starting on the 20th day of the experiment. On days 30 and 40 of the experiment, the activity of the studied enzymes ranged within the physiological values. Therefore, the studies conducted on the bulls indicate that in the conditions of cadmium and lead load the feed additive Metisevit Plus fed to the bulls activated the system of antioxidant protection by increasing the levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic links. When feeding bulls of the experimental group with Metisevit Plus feed additive, we determined significant decreases in diene conjugates and TBA-active products in their blood starting already on the 10th day of the experiment. On days 20 and 30 of the experiment, the level of diene conjugates in the blood of animals of the experimental group decreased by 14.5% and 24.0%. Efficiency of the feed additive may be explained by the effect of its constituents on the main pathogenic links of the pathological process caused by cadmium and lead. As indicated in the studies, liquidation of the syndrome of endogenous intoxication restores the functional condition of cellular membranes of the liver, protein-synthesizing function of the liver, increases the antioxidant status of the organisms of bulls. The studies we conducted confirm the expedience of using feed additive Metisevit Plus to prevent lead-cadmium toxicosis.
Influence of sugars on biofilm formation of Staphylococcus epidermidis
Authors: Vashchenko A. O. , Voronkova Y. S. , Kulyk E. E. , Snisar O. S. , Sidashenko O. I. , Voronkova O. S.
Published: August 2021

The problem of biofilm formation by clinical strains of opportunistic bacteria is one of the most significant for medicine, because in a state of biofilm bacteria become more resistant to environmental factors, including antibiotics, a situation that can cause failure of treatment. Among opportunistic pathogens staphylococci are of special interest. Knowledge about the peculiarities of biofilm formation of these strains, in particular the polysaccharide biosynthesis, can be used for creation of a strategy of prophylaxis of different lesions that bind with staphylococci. The effect of different concentrations of the most widespread sugars (glucose, sucrose, lactose, galactose) on the activity of biofilm formation by strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis was investigated. Strains of S. epidermidis (n = 7) were isolated from the reproductive tract of women with dysbiosis. The cultures were grown in universal synthetic media with concentration of one of the listed sugars (0.5–3.0%) during 72 h. Results were obtained colorimetrically. We studied the number of cells in biofilm and the index of biofilm formation. The largest number of cells in the biofilm was observed when the culture incubated in a medium with 2.0% of glucose (increase of 25.3 times compared to control). The amount of CFU in the control biofilm was 9.96 lg CFU/mL. The glucose concentration of 3.0% inhibited the biofilm formation: the number of cells in the biofilm was 569 times less compared to the control. The highest value of biofilm formation index was 7.2, which was 1.3 times higher than the control (5.4). In the presence of lactose and galactose in nutrient medium in concentrations from 1.0% a decrease in the number of cells and biofilm formation index were observed. The received data show that process of biofilm formation is significantly dependent on external sources of sugars, which can indicate the possibility of their use as antibiofilm drug compounds, which inhibit membrane transport of sugars in bacteria.
Pathohistological changes in the intestine, lungs and liver of sheep with spontaneous strongyloidiasis
Authors: Sorokova S. , Yevstafieva V. , Shchebentovska O. , Barabolia O. , Suprunenko K.
Published: August 2021

Sheep diseases of invasive and non-invasive etiology are among the restrictive factors for Ukrainian sheep-breeding. The helminthiases are among the most widespread parasitical diseases, and particularly strongyloidiasis causes significant losses for sheep farms in cases of severe course. Young sheep are the most susceptible, showing growth and developmental lag, and death occurs in cases of high invasiveness due to severe pathologies induced by the parasites. Thus the aim of the present work was to study the morphological and histological changes in the intestine, lungs and liver of sheep with strongyloidiasis. Results of pathoanatomy showed that under spontaneous sheep strongyloidiasis with the intensity of the invasion from 50 to 136 specimens of nematodes, the main pathological changes occur at Strongyloides localization sites: intestine and parenchymatous organs (lungs and liver). Particularly, the small intestine showed catarrhal desquamative enteritis. Morphological changes of its mucosa demonstrated necrosis of the apical part of the villi, desquamation of epithelium, constriction and decrease of intestinal crypts. At the same time, massive diffusive cell infiltrates were detected in the intestinal mucosa lamina propria with the prevalence of eosinophilic leukocytes, inflammatory thickening of villi cylindrical epithelium and its mucous metamorphosis, pyknosis and lysis of enterocyte nuclei. In the large intestine, necrosis of the mucosa was detected, with edema, effusion of serum-cell exudate in its canal, diffusive infiltration of lymphocytes, eosinophils and plasma cells in the intestinal mucosa lamina propria. Lung tissue demonstrated parasite larvae localized in canals of the bronchi and in alveoli. These sites had diffusive hemorrhages in lung parenchyma, signs of inflammation and thickening of interstitial tissue caused by damage to vessel walls due to migration of parasite larvae. Histological changes in the liver of sheep with strongyloidiasis showed the development of granular dystrophy and necrotic changes in hepatocytes.
Effect of Cameraria ohridella feeding on Aesculus hippocastanum photosynthesis
Authors: Holoborodko K. K. , Seliutina O. V. , Ivanko I. A. , Alexeyeva A. A. , Shulman M. V. , Pakhomov O. Y.
Published: August 2021

The complex of invasive species of phytophagous insects that can adapt to novel living conditions is constantly increasing. The ecological effect of their vital activity in the new environment is almost impossible to predict. As a result, invasions undesirable in the economic sense are often observed. The horse -chestnut leaf miner (Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimič, 1986, Gracillariidae) is one of these problematic invader species in the introduced range of the horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum (Linnaeus, 1753), Sapindaceae). We studied the effect of C. ohridella on the state of the photosynthetic apparatus in Ae. hippocastanum leaves. Photosynthesis is the one of the processes most vulnerable to stress factors, so information about the state of photosynthetic apparatus in a plant under the influence of phytophage feeding obtained with fluorescence analysis can be significant. The feeding effect of C. ohridella caterpillars on the functional state and activity of Ae. hippocastanum photosynthetic apparatus was studied. We studied critical parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence induction reflecting the effect of a single C. ohridella generation (feeding the caterpillar for the five stages of this species’ development) on the functional links of the photosystem II in Ae. hippocastanum leaves. The data obtained show a decrease in PS II quantum efficiency (inhibition of photosynthetic activity) in the leaves from different parts of the crown; it suggests the destructive effect of C. ohridella caterpillar feeding on Ae. hippocastanum photosynthetic apparatus. Values of all key parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence indication evidence inhibition of photophysical and photochemical processes of photosynthesis and impaired coherence of Calvin cycle reactions. Study of the feeding effect of C. ohridella caterpillars on the efficiency of the main enzyme in the Calvin cycle (which closely correlates with the coefficient of fluorescence induction that characterizes the efficiency of dark photosynthetic processes) showed a significant decrease in its activity in the leaves of both the illuminated and shaded parts of the crown. Our study has shown that the method of chlorophyll fluorescence induction allows one to determine the general state of a plant in an express regime by evaluating the main process of plant life as photosynthesis. Analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters is a powerful and effective tool for determining the effect of phytophages on the plant body. The obtained data allow us to apply the method of analyzing chlorophyll fluorescence induction in practice to establish the physiological state of tree flora in forests and garden farms.
A systematic review of tapeworms (Plathelminthes, Cestoda) of domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos dom.)
Authors: Rzayev F. H. , Nasirov A. M. , Gasimov E. K.
Published: August 2021

Tapeworms of domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos dom.) causing helminthiasis and serious damage to the hosts, cause economic damage in the poultry industry. Helminthological research devoted to the study of the parasite fauna, including tapeworms of domestic ducks, has been carried out in many countries. But there is no review information on the study of the helminth fauna of domestic ducks. We take our own materials and literature data and summarise the information on cestode parasites of Anas platyrhynchos dom., which have been recorded in the world until 2020. Each species is provided with the following data: scientific name, authority and year, intermediate and auxiliary hosts, habitat in the host body, collecting localities and geographic distribution, prevalence and intensity of infection and literature sources. Based on our own research and analysis of literature data, it was revealed that hitherto there are 419 species of helminths (Trematoda – 213, Cestoda – 89, Nematoda – 79, Acanthocephala – 11) recorded parasitising domestic ducks. The tapeworms found in Azerbaijan belong to four families (Dilepididae – 3, Hymenolepididae – 68, Davaineidae – 13, Diphyllobothriidae – 5). In Azerbaijan, 11 out of 89 species of helminths have been found in domestic ducks. Six of them were also noted in the course of our helminthological studies. The cestoda Diorchis inflata was recorded the first time in domestic ducks in Azerbaijan. Most species of cestodes were found in the north-eastern regions of Azerbaijan (Shabran – 11 species, Khachmaz – 6 species) and the southern region (Astara – 4 species). All of these areas are located on the shores of the Caspian Sea and are located on the annual migration route of wild birds involved in the spread of cestodes, which are considered biohelminths. Six species (Drepanidotaenia lanceolata, Hymenolepis apodemi, Hymenolepis diminuta, Ligula interrupta, Ligula intestinalis, Schistocephalus solidus) of cestodes parasitize both birds and mammals (D. lanceolata, H. diminuta in humans).
Adipokines in patients with hypertensive disease with obesity in the dynamics of combined antihypertensive therapy
Authors: Kravchun P. G. , Kadykova O. I. , Herasymchuk U. S.
Published: August 2021

Hypertensive disease today is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases, as well as the most common disease associated with obesity. Evaluation of the level of adipokines, namely adiponutrin and galanin, depending on the degree and duration of hypertension, the degree of obesity and their correction against the background of combined antihypertensive therapy is relevant for further understanding of this comorbidity and improvement of the early diagnostics. 127 people were examined, including 107 patients with hypertension of degree 1–3 and 20 healthy persons. Of the patients included in the study, the adiponutrin and the galanin levels were determined in 58 patients, out of which 22 were prescribed different regimens of combined antihypertensive therapy. To determine the level of adiponutrin and galanin, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used. A significant increase was found in the blood serum of the examined adipokines in comparison with the control group: the galanin level was 4.8 times higher than in the control group, the adiponutrin level in patients with this comorbid pathology was 3.3 times higher than that in the control group. The galanin level is most pronounced in patients with hypertension of degree 3 and obesity of degree 3, which is confirmed by the presence of a direct correlation with systolic, diastolic and pulse blood pressure, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol. The adiponutrin level in the blood serum increased correspondingly to the increase in body mass index: in patients with obesity of degree 3 it was 15.8 times higher than this indicator in patients with normal body weight, 8.8 times higher than in patients with overweight, 6.1 times higher than in patients with obesity of degree 1 and 2.5 times higher than in patients with obesity of degree 2. The levels of the studied adipokines in patients differed also relative to the duration of hypertension. There was a 1.8-, 5.1-, 5.2-fold increase (respectively, ≤5, 6–10, >10 years) of the galanin content in the blood serum compared to the control group. Also an increase of the serum adiponutrin level was noted in comparison with the control group. Against the background of combined antihypertensive therapy, we observed favourable dynamics of galanin and adiponutrin. It is important to conduct further studies to assess the activity of galanin and adiponutrin with a longer follow-up period in wider populations.
La concepción heideggeriana de la técnica en "Ser y tiempo" y en "Los conceptos fundamentales de la metafísica"
Authors: Tillería Aqueveque Leopoldo
Published: August 2021

Se discute la posibilidad de una filosofía de la técnica temprana en Heidegger, a partir de la fenomenología del útil y del órgano que el pensador alemán desarrolla en Ser y tiempo y en Los conceptos fundamentales de la metafísica, respectivamente. Tal meditación, se conjetura, constituiría una propedéutica de su filosofía tardía de la técnica. Se concluye, por un lado, con una observación a los límites metafísicos que esta temprana concepción de la técnica impondría a su última filosofía y, por otro, con una pregunta no respondida por Heidegger que enfrenta al Dasein con su proyecto tecnológico.
Tipología del herraje artístico y puerta en Cuzco, Arequipa, La Antigua y Cartagena de Indias como símbolo de estatus social durante el periodo colonial
Authors: Castro Madriz José María
Published: August 2021

El presente artículo es el resultado de una investigación de campo realizada en los años 2017 y 2018 en las ciudades de La Antigua, Cartagena de Indias, Cuzco y Arequipa. Como objetivo se plantea el análisis tipológico e iconográfico de las puertas decoradas con herrajes artísticos de influencia española-morisca, así como la subsecuente desvinculación entre lo estrictamente funcional y el valor icónico primigenio. Ahora bien, con respecto a la problemática, se aborda la relación entre la producción y el valor simbólico de los herrajes como objetos de arte utilitario a modo de testimonios materiales del entramado social, político y económico de la sociedad colonial entre el s. XVI e inicios del s. XIX. Asimismo, se destaca la influencia de los gremios organizados y oficializados en herrería dentro del desarrollo de estilos y técnicas de los herrajes coloniales. La metodología se relaciona con la recuperación de la muestra mediante registros fotográficos efectuados en dichas ciudades, así como el análisis iconográfico y la consulta de fuentes escritas históricas. Finalmente, se concluye con una propuesta explicativa que remite a cómo estos objetos funcionales-estéticos perdieron significado de estatus asociado con las clases dominantes para ser elegidos mucho después, por criterios de gusto y tradición, por las clases subalternas.
Conflictos en primera persona: una aproximación a la correspondencia de guerra en Europa y América (1800-1945)
Authors: López Torán José Manuel
Published: August 2021

El presente artículo ofrece un recorrido por algunos de los muchos avances que el intercambio epistolar ha ido consolidando dentro de distintos escenarios bélicos contemporáneos desarrollados en Europa y América. En concreto, desde las campañas napoleónicas, en los albores del siglo XIX, hasta el final de la Segunda Guerra Mundial a mediados del XX. Con ello se pretende evidenciar la importancia que jugó la correspondencia durante el desarrollo de las hostilidades, mostrar su idoneidad como fuente histórica y dar cuenta de su proyección en la actualidad, gracias a importantes iniciativas emprendidas en ambos continentes y que se encuentran disponibles en la red. Para alcanzar esos objetivos se han analizado varios centenares de cartas y tarjetas postales enviadas por los combatientes en cada uno de los conflictos y que hoy día están custodiadas en instituciones europeas y americanas de primer orden. De esta manera, ha sido posible establecer cuáles fueron los temas principales sobre los que escribían y reflexionaban, así como conocer sus sensaciones ante la difícil situación que estaban experimentando. Tras la investigación realizada y debido a la perspectiva comparada, se demuestra la multiplicidad de ventajas de estas fuentes para el estudio de los enfrentamientos armados, las distintas novedades que los sistemas de correo aportaron en cada nueva guerra y la continuidad en determinados temas clave que están presentes en todos los contextos bélicos estudiados.
Imágenes del otro en Brasil. Un análisis comparado de artistas en expediciones
Authors: Bugnone Ana , Capasso Verónica
Published: August 2021

Este estudio consiste en un análisis comparativo de las imágenes de indígenas elaboradas en contextos de expediciones realizadas enº el nordeste y la Amazonia de Brasil, producidas por el pintor Albert Eckhout (1610-1665) y la artista contemporánea Claudia Andujar (1931-actualidad). Se propone una problematización de la construcción de estas imágenes, a partir de la consideración del contexto de producción, la configuración de los cuerpos, el modo de aproximación hacia el otro, las características y los atributos de las representaciones, los puntos en común y las diferencias entre Andujar y Eckhout. Se empleó una metodología cualitativa desde una perspectiva transdisciplinaria y se basó en el análisis de imágenes en intrínseca relación con su contexto sociohistórico. En este artículo se sostiene que, si bien las producciones artísticas del pintor y la fotógrafa tenían móviles ideológicos y marcos culturales disímiles, la comparación permite abordar de manera conjunta a Eckhout y Andujar en cuanto retrataron sujetos que les resultaban exóticos. Se observó que Eckhout y Andujar trabajaron con la idea de una promesa, en el primer caso, de civilización, y en el segundo, de salvación. Finalmente, se advirtió que, en el marco de la modernidad, la producción de una visualidad de la otredad fue un aspecto central en los dos casos.
Sobre la maleabilidad de las creencias de la comunidad científica
Authors: Bermúdez-Vargas Juan José , Castillo Rodríguez Rodrigo
Published: August 2021

Se propone estudiar la influencia de las condiciones externas más cercanas a una comunidad científica sobre las creencias personales a las que se tienden a acoger los individuos que forman parte de esta comunidad. Para esto se realiza un recorrido histórico, primero, partiendo desde el origen de las religiones en las civilizaciones más antiguas, segundo, comentando el impacto del determinismo impulsado por la mecánica newtoniana y, finalmente, advirtiendo un retorno al misticismo provocado por la falta de una interpretación completa de la mecánica cuántica. Se concluye que existe una correlación significativa entre el estado de la ciencia en un periodo en particular y las creencias que mantienen los individuos de la comunidad científica asociada a tal periodo.
La filosofía del troleo: una revisión interpretativa
Authors: González de Requena Farré Juan Antonio
Published: August 2021

El creciente interés de las ciencias humanas y sociales por el fenómeno del troleo en Internet se ha enfocado en su conceptualización, modalidades, explicaciones y trasfondos culturales. Bajo la premisa de que el troleo constituye una práctica transdiscursiva, disruptiva, delusoria y autorreplicante, este artículo explicita algunas de las tradiciones históricas y marcos culturales de comprensión bajo los cuales se concibe el fenómeno en la bibliografía. Metodológicamente, se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica interpretativa de un corpus seleccionado por conveniencia. Desde la perspectiva de los guiones simbólicos y prácticas culturales tradicionales que actualiza el troleo, cabe asociarlo con la privatización de la bufonería, la universalización de la calumnia, la democratización de la censura, la virtualización del linchamiento y la hibridación del conflicto. Se puede concluir que, más que posibilitar un tipo de práctica culturalmente transgresora y subversiva, el troleo constituiría una exacerbación tóxica del pánico moral y la ironía vanidosa.
Role of SNP markers on chromosome 10 in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Nikulina S. Yu. , Shishkova K. Yu. , Shulman V. A. , Chernova A. A. , Maximov V. N.
Published: August 2021

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common tachyarrhythmias, contributing to both environmental and genetic factors, a clear understanding of which can be extremely important for determining management tactics and predicting the disease course. The article provides a brief overview of studies on genetic predictors of AF, in particular, SNP markers found on chromosome 10. Establishing a relationship between the identified SNPs on chromosome 10 and functional genes, changes in the structure or regulation of which can affect the development of AF, opens the veil of understanding how these SNPs affect the pathogenesis of AF.