bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and Breakthrough In Chinese Market For Online Video Recruitment Platform In The Era Of "Internet +"
Authors: Qiuping Ge , Wenhua Luo
Published: February 2021

With the help of "Internet +" technology, online video recruitment has overcome the defects of low coverage rate, high cost and poor effect of traditional recruitment mode.Compared with the traditional offline recruitment and general online recruitment, it is more flexible in operating mode, personnel screening, and decision-making mechanism. Better user experience, and higher quality of recruitment.Taking HireVue in the United States as an example, the online video recruitment platform has the potential of Chinese investment value and market development.However, there are economic and administrative barriers to entry, with high yields and high risks coexisting.In the future, we should consider those small to medium enterprises as the focus. Establishing multiple interaction modes; combining endogenous and exogenous financing; establishing a perfect credit system; And focusing on resource openness and privacy security.
Synthesis and Conductivity Studies of Tetraarylphosphonium Salts As Potential Electrolytes in Advanced Batteries
Authors: Boucard Rebecca , Reagan Paige , Mandouma Ghislain R
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study was to synthesize polysubstituted tetraarylphosphonium/tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate salts 3, also known as TAPR/TFAB where R is a substituent, and to measure their conductance/conductivity in low-polarity media such as tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dichloromethane (DCM). Such determination was to provide a rationale to the question of whether these compounds, and other weakly coordinating cations/anions combinations are suitable electrolytes for advanced batteries which are energized in safer, low-polarity organic solvents.
Human Capital Development and organizational performance
Authors: Khayinga Consolata Muyuka , Muathe Stephen
Published: February 2021

Given the competition in organizations and Technological trends in the current labour markets firms considering to grow and retain the position, demand and supply for labour in the market has been saturated. The bargaining power in the market depends on skills and scarce resource available. Different theories in relation to human capital have been articulated. Most organizations would want to employee people who will add value to their organizations in terms of production in order to achieve competitive advantage. Different pay rates are applied depending on the qualification of individual, for the organization to invest in employee’s development they will assess how they are going to benefit. The aim of this study was to find out how human capital development affects firms performance. Based on published literature and past studies analysis was done to support the study, there was appositive link between HCD and firms performance so to retain and maintain the flow of skills the organization needs to invest in human capital to curb the mass exodus of people going outside the country to look for jobs and patients being taken outside the country for treatment while they can get the same service here. Exploratory research design has been recommended for future research.
SIMULATOR FOR LEAN MANUFACTURING APPLICATIONS
Authors: LOPEZ MOLINA MARIA GUADALUPE , ATRISTAIN SUAREZ GABRIEL
Published: February 2021

An educational case implementing a SMED (Single Minute Exchange of Dies) teaching method with results that measure the participating student’s perception is reported. This method significantly reduces training time and increases knowledge retention as a result of an improvement aimed at shortening the learning cycle of industrial engineering students learning about lean manufacturing tools. This study was conducted with a hundred students who are the population of industrial engineering in a small college.
Education in the Transit
Authors: Keiko Yamaguchi Cristina , Da Silva Carlos Roberto , Frizzo Stefenon Stéfano
Published: February 2021

The growing number of motor vehicles in urban areas has generated negative impacts on costs for users and bus operators due to congestion and the increase in travel time. Furthermore, transport sector is a significant user of energy, especially fuel, and a great responsible for greenhouse emissions. In order to mitigate these externalities, transport companies try to incorporate into their processes innovative tools and best practices in management, like the so-called economic-driving. The economic-driving seeks to reduce fuel consumption, greenhouse emissions and operational costs. This paper aims to present the results of an economic-driving program implemented in a public transport bus company in Brazil, in the period of 2010-2016. The methodologies used were exploratory, descriptive and case study. The results showed a reduction of fuel consumption by 786.336 liters. The analysis of the consumption of brake linings in eleven buses, running the same itineraries by the same drivers, decreased 47.46%. Based on the Embrapa’s methodology for the calculation of greenhouse emissions the company stopped emitting 86,757.36 kilo grams of CO₂ in the atmosphere. In conclusion, the case study confirmed the feasibility of applying economic-driving strategies and the economic and social advantages with the program for the company.
Entertainment Games for Teaching English as a Second Language
Authors: Savonitti Gabriel , Mattar Joao
Published: February 2021

This article explores the use of entertainment games for teaching English as a second language. It is a narrative literature review of theories of motivation and learning. To facilitate the choice of didactic resources to be used in the English classroom by teachers, this study brings to light the characteristics relevant to teaching that can be found in games, associated with different genres. In this sense, 14 researches involving digital games of entertainment were analyzed, using as basis Gardner’s theories of motivation in the teaching, games and the active learner of Gee, zone of proximal development of Vygotsky, tangential learning model of Portnow and Brown, model of the monitor, Krashen’s input hypothesis, Schumann’s acculturation model, and the hypothesis of the interaction proposed by several authors such as Gass and Larsen-Freeman and Long. The results obtained were the definition of the relevant characteristics to teaching and learning in games and the identification of the genres associated to these characteristics. The discussion used the following characteristics found in the analyzed texts: motivation, classroom interaction, social interaction in the game, tangential learning, grades, complementary material, vocabulary, repetitive written content, big written content, need for text interpretation, audio and text.
Cyanobacteria Occurrence in Photosynthetic Stabilization Ponds
Authors: Salvador Nemésio Neves Batista , Bina Baptista , Frigo Fernando
Published: February 2021

Photoautotrophic organisms, particularly cyanobacteria, have great ecological importance due to their photosynthetic capacity, and biosynthetic versatility in diverse and extreme environments. However, photosynthetic ponds, they may be serious and dangerous producers of potentially toxic toxins. Their release and bloom in treated effluent receiving bodies are a major concern because of the negative consequences on aquatic biota and the risks to public health. The aim of this study is to analyze the occurrence, composition, density and spatio-temporal distribution of cyanobacteria in sewage treatment plants by photosynthetic ponds in ten cities located in the central region of the São Paulo State, Brazil. The results recorded high densities of Microcystis sp. with a maximum average of 9.4x105 cells per millilitre (cells/mL); Synechococcus sp., with an average of 7.8x105; Synechocystis aquatilis with 7.2x105; Merismopedia tenuissima with 4.8x105; and Phormidium sp. with 1.9x105. Among these species found, the highest occurrence was M. tenuissima. The high densities show that these ponds are an aquatic environment conducive to the development of cyanobacteria and, potentially, an important source of cyanotoxin production. Therefore, studies and monitoring of the effects on the receiving water bodies are recommended by determining their cyanobacteria densities and investigating the possible presence of cyanotoxins.
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat markers for analysis of molecular diversity and genetic structure of eighteen Dendrobium cultivars in Sri Lanka
Authors: Dharmarathna Thanuja Dilrukshi , Herath H.M.D.A.K. , Weerasinghe P.A. , Herath H.M.V.G.
Published: February 2021

The genus Dendrobium is one of the largest genera in the family Orchidaceae having more than thousand species over the world with diverse morphological characters. Dendrobium is a popular ornamental plant with complex genetic background which emphasize on the species identification at molecular level. The present study was aimed to identify Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers capable of detecting genetic polymorphism to characterize 18 hybrid, commercially available Dendrobium cultivars. Genomic DNA of each cultivar was extracted using CTAB method. A total of 17 different ISSR primers were evaluated. Only the reproducible bands were scored and number of different alleles (Na), number of effective alleles (Ne), Shannon’s Information Index (I), Expected heterozygosity (He), Unbiased expected heterozygosity (UHe), polymorphic percentage and polymorphic information content (PIC) of each primer were calculated. The highest Shannon’s Information Index (0.537±0.08) was recorded by the primer UBC 826 while the highest polymorphic information content (PIC) was generated by primer UBC 807. The PIC values of the primers were ranged from 0.0068 to 0.451, indicating that primers are moderately informative. In total, 631 bands representing 120 loci were amplified showing 85.71% - 100% polymorphism. The genetic similarities between individuals were compiled in the Nei’s genetic identity matrix in order to construct the UPGMA dendrogram. Principle component analysis (PCA) and clustering analysis were done to divide different cultivars into groups. The analysis revealed the presence of four major clusters and two minor clusters among the cultivars. The study suggested that the ISSR markers originated from eight primers 12, 155, UBC 807, UBC 812, UBC 826, UBC 835, UBC 841 and UBC 842 can be used in the detection of molecular variation among cultivars in the genus Dendrobium.
Synthesis and photocatalytic properties of ultra-smooth TiO2 thin films with superhydrophilicity
Authors: Lai Min , Yong Haibo
Published: February 2021

Functional TiO2 films were fabricated on glass substrates by using modified dip coating method. The properties of the films including crystal structures, thickness, surface morphology and optical properties were studied. The film coated once possessed an ultra-smooth surface with a root mean square (RMS) roughness of 2.6 ± 0.7 nm, which was attributed to the effect of N2 flow during the formation of film. The TiO2 films exhibited superhydrophilicity without UV illumination and the superhydrophilic performance was enhanced with the increase of film thickness. Tests on degradation of dyes under UV illumination indicated that the annealing temperature and thickness of the TiO2 films accounted for their photocatalytic performance. An increase of annealing temperature led to a decrease of the amount of defects and the recombination rate of electron-hole pairs. Because of change of film thickness, light absorption and amount of defects of the TiO2 films influenced photocatalytic performance simultaneously.
Model of Open Scientific Information Management in Events
Authors: Santos Lívia Regina Nogueira dos , Duarte Freitas Maria do Carmo , Nunes Silva Helena de Fátima
Published: February 2021

In the process of scientific research, communication is essential. The insertion of Information and Communication Technologies have modified the profile of the researchers and the daily life of their researches. In response to these changes, this article proposes the adoption at scientific events of the video poster, replacing the poster on paper or canvas. The objective is to propose a model of Management of Open Scientific Information of Video in Events, as a means of scientific communication. This research was developed based on the literature review of models of this type of management, the information collected in interviews with the managers of the events that used the video poster as a strategy of scientific communication, and the data collected through a survey, sent to event participants. The results, after treatment of the data and confrontation of the ideas of the managers with the opinions of the participants, point out that the video poster has the potential to prolong and even perpetuate the products of scientific communication in events and to promote the scientific divulgations, besides the possibility of reuse, as an educational resource. As result of the research, the proposal of an open scientific information management model for the use of event managers is presented.
Flexible Work Model Based on Autopoiesis Principles
Authors: Massad Daniela de Oliveira , Cancelier Marilena Marangoni de Lorenzi , Willerding Inara Antunes Vieira , Junior Waldoir Valentim Gomes , Lapolli Édis Mafra
Published: February 2021

This article presents definitions on flexible work and presents the case study of a company in which its model is based on the principles of autopoiesis, having as main characteristics flexibility and autonomy in the accomplishment of work. Firstly, through bibliographical research, it is possible to observe that the evolution of new work formats challenges the conventional model of fixed physical offices and defined schedules, which are models adopted in the organization of work in the industrial society. Autopoiesis is also presented, which, although it is still in a process of theoretical evolution and application in other areas, brings the original contributions of biology to justify the possibility of implanting models that consider the autonomy of individuals in self-management and self-production, allowing the work in a flexible and autonomous manner, consistent with the demands of a knowledge-based society. Lastly, the case study presents a model that uses the principles of autopoiesis to form an organization that has flexibility as the main characteristic in the accomplishment of work, based on individual autonomy. The contributions of this study point to the need for the labor market to accept new models and formats that intend to meet the demands of individuals regarding the organization of work.
High risk of eating disorders in adults shows the need for more nutritional education actions
Authors: FRANÇA-BOTELHO ALINE DO CARMO , Silva Aline Daniele Santana , Mesquita Juliana Luzia França
Published: February 2021

Eating disorders, particularly, anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa have been highlighted for clinicians and researchers. They are heterogeneous group of complex psychiatric disorders characterized by abnormal eating behaviours that lead to a high rate of morbidity. Considering that early detection of predisposition to eating disorders is very important, the present study aimed to detect the risks of adults over 18 years. This choice was due to the fact that the great majority of the published researches were in samples of adolescents and young adults, not having many data in higher age. The research was carried out in 2017, in Brazil, with 142 adults participants, 107 women and 35 men. To assess the risk of eating disorders was used Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26). According to the results of the EAT-26 the prevalence of high risk for eating disorders was 49.9%, a very alarming finding, is well above the world average. Through the detection of populations at risk it is possible to implement and intensify educational actions focused on the nutrition.
analysis of adaptation of the Loanwords in Kikuyu technological Words
Authors: NYAGUTHII GACHAU ELENA , ONG’ONDA ANASHIA NANCY
Published: February 2021

This paper examines loanwords adopted by native Gikuyu speakers to nativise English technological words using the theoretical framework of Optimality Theory as initiated by Prince and Smolensky (1993). Loanword adaptation is a linguistic phenomenon that occurs cross linguistically whenever one language interacts with another language. However, there are stipulations to borrowing because loanwords must be adapted to fit the second language’s Phonology system. Drawing from a sample of 80 words collected from the domain of technology, medicine, education and agriculture, the study found that Gikuyu speakers use processes such as insertion, deletion, vowel substitution and preservation to nativist borrowed word from English. The study also found out that this process occurs because of the tolerance threshold to segment preservation within a given constraint domain and due to distinctive features in English language and Gikuyu language.
EXTENT OF COUNSELORS EFFECTIVENESS IN POST PRIMARY INSTITUTIONS IN ENUGU STATE
Authors: CHINONYELUM EGBO ANTHONIA , IKODIYA ONUOMA LOVENAH , EMMANUELLA EGBO CHINONYE
Published: February 2021

This study is an appraisal of counselors’ effectiveness in post primary institutions in Enugu State. This study adopted descriptive survey research deign. It was carried out in the six educational zones of Enugu state with a total of two hundred and seventy-five (275) government-owned secondary schools. The population for the study comprises a key officer each from all the two hundred and seventy-five (275) government owned secondary schools in Enugu State. Two hundred and seventy-five (275) is small and manageable as a sample for study. Hence, the researcher used all of them for the study. Therefore, no sampling was done. The researcher explored eight research questions and formulated two hypotheses on the comparison of the performance of counselors by gender and locations using t-test statistics at 0.05 level of significance. The research questions were answered using means and standard deviations. It was found that the respondents generally had high perceptions of the counselors’ performance in each of their professional roles except with respect to the referral function. It was also found that there is no significant difference in the performance of male and female counselors in both urban and rural areas. Recommendations were made that counselors should be adequately motivated and that counselors should specialize on guidance and counseling services to improve their effectiveness in post primary schools in Enugu State, Nigeria.
Adding Walls
Authors: Bibi Lynne
Published: February 2021

This study investigates Grade 10 English teachers’ awareness of place and street art in two schools’ learning environments in Ras Beirut, Lebanon. Overall, this study aims to demonstrate the gap in and need for teaching critical literacy and advocates street art as a multimodal text to accomplish this. This research employs mixed methods in multiple case studies to address research questions. Teachers were given a mapping activity to gauge awareness and a follow-up semi-structured interview was conducted. This study engages with literature from fields of street art, place-based learning, multimodality, critical literacy, and teacher identities to create a theatre in which to advocate using street art for critical literacy pedagogy. These fields of literature then shaped a discussion, which ultimately revealed low awareness of place and street art and a need for richer cultural connections with place for both students and teachers.
Utilizing Student-Generated Materials in the Classroom
Authors: Baumgardner Chip
Published: February 2021

With the heightened use of technology in most industries, disruptors serve to create extensive and (sometimes) permanent change to current models of operation.  The textbook industry is no exception where factors such as digital technology, consolidation, open sourcing, and economics have resulted in, among other things, student-generated classroom materials.   Discussing the strategies for implementing student-generated materials into the class will be an essential part of looking at how to harness new material in a fast-paced digital age.
Higher-order accurate finite volume discretization of Helmholtz equations with Pollution Effects Reductions
Authors: Kyei Yaw , Edoh Kossi
Published: February 2021

Higher-order accurate finite volume schemes are developed for Helmholtz equations in two dimensions. Through minimizations of local equation error expansions for the flux integral formulation of the equation, we determine quadrature weights for the discretization of the equation. Collocations of local expansions of the solution and the source terms are utilized to formulate weighted quadratures of all local compact fluxes to describe the equation error expansion within the computational domain. In using the source term distribution to account for fluxes along all compact directions about each grid point as the centroid of a local control volume, the right minimizing quadrature weights are determined and optimized for stability and uniform higher-order convergence. As a result, the resulting local residuals form more complete descriptions of the wave number k and the complexities of the associated pollution effects. The leading terms of the residual errors are optimized for pollution effects reductions to ensure stability and robust convergence of the resulting schemes. Numerical results and analysis of the schemes demonstrate the effectiveness of the methodology.
Population Dynamics in Diffusive Coupled Insect Population
Authors: Kim Dongwook , Shin Dong-Hoon
Published: February 2021

A variety of ecological models exhibit chaotic dynamics because of nonlinearities in population growth and interactions. Here, we will study the LPA model (beetle Tribolium). The LPA model is known to exhibit chaos. In this project, we investigate two things which are the effect of noise constant and the effect of diffusion combined with the LPA model. The effect of noise is not only to change the dynamics of total population density but also to blur the bifurcation diagram. Numerical simulations of the model have shown that diffusion can drive the total population of insects into complex patterns of variability in time. We will compare these simulations with simulations without diffusion. And we conclude that the diffusion coefficient is a bifurcation parameter and that there exist parameter regions with chaotic behavior and periodic solutions. This study demonstrates how diffusion term can be used to influence the chaotic dynamics of an insect population.
BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS ON PROTECTION OF GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS
Authors: Dias Cristiane Toniolo , De Vasconcelos Rodrigues da Silva Wanderson , Leitão Russo Suzana
Published: February 2021

This paper considers the importance of current certifications of origin of products seeking to examine the relevance of the registration of a geographical indication to local economies in development of regional products. The objective is to conduct an analysis of published scientific papers about the forms of registration and protection granted to geographical indications (IGs). To gather the papers dealing with the subject of Geographical Indications protection record, held a search in the database of the Web of Science, by removing the items that detail on products protected, twenty-one theme related papers were analyzed.

You can see differences between the registration forms between the European Union and the United States, another fact highlighted is that most of the products protected by geographical indications are. Many countries are interested in publishing research in this area, those with greater numbers of publication, are also countries with numerous records of geographical indications.
Influence of Professional Development Training on Headteachers’ Financial Management Skills in Public Primary Schools in Kiambu County, Kenya
Authors: Anne Onunga Dolly
Published: February 2021

Financial management skills of primary school headteachers has been established to contribute to performance of such schools. However, in Kiambu County, such success has not been registered despite the numerous professional development trainings school managers have undergone and still undergo. Thus, this study investigated influence of headteachers’ professional development training on financial management skills in Kiambu County, Kenya. The study adopted mixed methods approach and thus apply explanatory sequential design. Questionnaires were used to collect data from headteachers and their deputies whereas interviews from staffing officer and sub-county director of education. Data analysis began by identifying common themes. The relevant information was broken into phrases. Qualitative data was analyzed thematically along the study objectives and presented in narrative forms whereas quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics SPSS Version 23 and presented using tables and charts. The study established that training of headteachers can be conducted in different modes which include; on-job, off-job, just-in-time training, mentoring and networking. These forms of training models enhance headteachers’s record-keeping, investment, pricing and costing and budgeting skills. Suitability of training materials enhances headteachers’s record-keeping, investment, pricing and costing and budgeting skills. From the study findings, it is evident that the most important variable in such success is a well-prepared and capable trainer or facilitator. Evaluation of relevance of the training curriculum enhances headteachers’s acquisition of record-keeping, investment, pricing and costing and budgeting skills. The study thus, recommends that training institutions should design and plan quality integrated training programmes to match headteachers work schedule. Training materials need to be specifically designed to suit the content of training programmes to enhance faster understanding of concepts to be learnt. In other words, the training material should be redesigned to also focus on acquisition of financial skills for effective investment and business management. Trainers’ need to update their skills to match the changing times such as adopting use of ICT and attitude change towards headteachers empowerment. Training institutions and trainers need to plan for quarterly and semi-annual evaluation of training programmes since they are effective in ascertaining of the efficacy of such programmes.
Physical Preconception of Primary Education Pupils
Authors: Brkić Slavica , Kvesić Ljiljanka , Zubac Marina
Published: February 2021

During their preschool age children discover natural phenomena in their environment. In their consciousness, they form the basic physical concepts based on experience. Their ideas can be right, but they can also be wrong because they take into consideration only what they see and thus, they come up with wrong ideas or misconceptions. At the very beginning of their primary education, teachers of class teaching directly witness their ideas related to basic physical concepts through various subjects: mathematics, natural sciences, art and physical education. Frequently, neither teachers nor their pupils consider these notions, thus their wrong ideas remain firmly rooted and present a barrier to the adoption of the correct physical ideas. Research of basic concepts related to motion, space and time was carried out as part of the workshop Class Teaching Course Open Days at the Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Education of the University of Mostar. The sample consisted of pupils of primary education of Herzegovina-Neretva and West-Herzegovinian Cantons. It has shown that pupils have the correct ideas about many physical phenomena, but it has also shown the presence of intuitive ideas which are not in accordance with physical ideas and need to be corrected in time
Analysis of Salivary Cortisol and Its Relationship with Burnout Dimensions in Prison Workers
Authors: Benetti Sabrina Azevedo Wagner , Goi Cíntia Beatriz , Pretto Carolina Renz , Dezordi Cátia Matte , Benetti Marcos , Steiernagel Daiane Raquel , Morin Pâmela Vione , Stumm Eniva Miladi Fernandes
Published: February 2021

Workers in the prison system experience stress at high levels in their daily lives, so they become prone to the development of the Burnout Syndrome. In order to evaluate the occupational stress, the most sensitive and of easy access biochemical method is salivary cortisol. Aim: to evaluate the concentration of salivary cortisol in prison workers and to relate it to the Burnout Syndrome. Methodology: a cross-sectional and analytical study with 240 prison workers from the 3rd Penitentiary Region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil, covering 8 counties and 10 prison houses. The instruments of data collection used were a sociodemographic characterization form, the Maslach Burnout Inventory and some salivary samples. The data collection period was from April to June 2017. Results: It was observed an increase in the dimensions of burnout concomitant with the increase of salivary cortisol levels in the research participants. Conclusion: The population studied experienced occupational stress evidenced by the use of the burnout and salivary cortisol instrument analysis, which is an important physiological indicator.
Board Involvement on Earnings Per Share (EPS)
Authors: NWOKWU TOCHUKWU CHRISTIAN , M. P. DHARMADASA PRADEEP , D. L. M. RATHNASINGHA PRASATH
Published: February 2021

This research aims to investigate the effect of board involvement on earnings per share. The current study uses the correlation and regression models to analyze publicly available data for a sample of 69 firms quoted in the Nigerian Stock Exchange for the fiscal year 2011. This indicates that the research made use of cross sectional data. Several diagnostic tests have been applied to justify the validity of the results. The empirical investigations reveal that director’ shareholdings, board size and board skills have significant impact on performance. Good corporate governance standards are very essential to every organization and should be encouraged and practiced for the interest of the investors, shareholders and other stakeholders. Is worthy of note, that from a developing country like Nigeria, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, this paper is the first of its kind and offers evidence on the effect of board involvement on earnings per share. The paper provides useful information that is of great value to policy makers, academia, corporate firms and other stakeholders.
Difficulties Encountered By Support Agents In Special Education With Physically Disabled Students
Authors: Chesani Fabiola Hermes , Alves Dos Santos Dionei , Demetrio Claudete Santos , Batista João Pedro Euriques , Batista João Pedro Euriques , Corrêa de Andrade Matheulli Guilherme
Published: February 2021

The aim of this study was to analyze the difficulties encountered by support agents in special education with students with disabilities. The methodology was qualitative and exploratory. Data were collected through a semi-structured interview and analyzed through thematic content analysis. The participants of the research were 12 support agents in special education in elementary education who carry out their activities with students with physical disabilities in a municipal school network. In relation to the difficulties encountered by special education support agents, the following categories emerged: Training of human resources; Material and technological resources; Infrastructure and Accessibility; Teamwork and Inclusion only in theory. It was concluded that there is a shortage of resources in this scenario, and may influence the quality of education offered to students with disabilities.
Would Criminal Sanctions For Patent Violations Encourage Violators to Respect Intellectual Property Rights?
Authors: Greene Frederick , Naimi Linda
Published: February 2021

This paper analyzes the historical differences between copyrights and patents. Copyright law allows for criminal sanctions for violations. Patent law does not allow for criminal sanctions. The paper looks at this history and poses the question—Why the difference? The paper analyzes these differences and asserts that an imbalance exists between the two types of intellectual property that needs to be adjusted.
Social interactions in a virtual learning environment
Authors: Ferreira Gislaine Rossetti Madureira , Machado Leticia Rocha , Behar Patricia Alejandra
Published: February 2021

This article deals with different strategies for group development in a virtual learning environment (VLE). For this purpose, we sought to investigate the organization and social interactions of students, during group dynamics that occurred in a distance education course. The methodology used in the research was qualitative and quantitative, with descriptive approach, classified as a case study. For data collection, we used the VLE ROODA communication tools (Forum, Contacts and Social Map), the environmental sociometry tool (Social Map), as well as participant observation and questionnaires. Thus, we analyzed the application of three group-formation strategies: random, chosen by the teacher and free choice. Interaction data categorization occurred within the virtual learning environment and was accomplished through the group development stages suggested by McClure. This study allowed us to determine that all three strategies are efficient for distance education, as long as the right time in class for the application of the strategy by the teacher is observed. This study aimed to elucidate the importance of using group work in distance education, especially for integrating students and enabling a greater number of social interactions in the virtual environment. Thus, the results confirm that the use of formation strategies can be effective for Distance Education, since the development of collective activities depends on cohesion and the mediation of conflicts between members of the group.
NEW ORDERS OF INDONESIA — BINTANG KEMANUSIAAN AND BINTANG PENEGAK DEMOKRASI
Authors:   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of science (MOSCOW), Zakharov Anton O.
Published: February 2021

Since the fall of the ‘New Order’ in 1998, democratic reforms in Indonesia deeply changed the Constitution. The President may be elected only two times. The Presidential and general elections are general, direct, equal, secret polls. The Army reduced control over National Police. The Army lost its dual function, impliing its highest authority in politics and other social and economic issues. Democratic reforms include changes in the award system of Indonesia. Since the Independence, most orders, decorations and medals have been of the military kind. Even those awards, which should have been civilian by their statutes, were often given to the military personnel for particular services to the State. In 2009, then President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono signed the Law No. 20 ‘About the Titles, Decorations and Awards’ (Tentang Gelar, Tanda Jasa, Dan Tanda Kehormatan). The Act established the division of the orders into civilian and military groups. The civilian orders are higher than military ones. Both groups include seven orders each. The Law instituted two new civilian orders — Bintang Kemanusiaan and Bintang Penegak Demokrasi. The Bintang Kemanusiaan, or the Star of Humanities, has the only class. The Bintang Penegak Demokrasi, or the Star of the Upholder of Democracy, has three classes. Both awards are rewarded to President and Vice-President ex officio. There are no recipients of the Bintang Kemanusiaan, with the exception of Presidents Yudhoyono and Joko Vidodo and their Vice-Presidents. There are still only four recipients of the Bintang Penegak Demokrasi Utama, or first class. The Bintang Kemanusiaan and Bintang Penegak Demokrasi show the highly hierarchic structure of the Indonesian State.
STUDIES OF THE CRIMEAN PENINSULA BY RUSSIAN SCIENTISTS (THE END OF THE 18TH CENTURY)
Authors:   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of science (MOSCOW), Kurnikova Oxana M.
Published: February 2021

The rich historical past of the Crimean peninsula, its natural wealth and resources, its beauty at all times attracted the attention of traveling researchers. In the period from the last quarter of the 15th century up to the end of the 18th century, Western and Eastern researchers, visiting the Crimean peninsula for various purposes, studied its geography, biology, and history. Russian scientists-travelers did not have the opportunity to make research trips across the Crimea until the end of the 18th century due to the fact that for three centuries (from 1475 till 1774) the Crimean peninsula was part of the Ottoman Empire, being one of its most important provinces, both in trade, economic, and military-strategic terms. With the annexation of Crimea by Russia in 1783, started the development of newly acquired territories. The beginning of the study of the lands of the Crimean peninsula by Russian scientists is primarily associated with political and economic changes and transformations in the region. For the development and growth of the economy of the Crimean region, information was needed about the structure of the region, its socio-economic and ethnographic features, as well as about its natural resources. Therefore, by order of the Empress of Russia Catherine II and the instructions of the country’s government, the St. Petersburg Imperial Academy of Sciences and Arts sends its scientists to the Crimea. Among Russian pioneers of the Crimean peninsula research in the late 18th century there were Vasily Zuev (1754–1794), Carl Ludwig Habliz (1752–1821), Theodor Chyorny (1745–1790), and Peter Simon Pallas (1741–1811). The expeditions of these outstanding scholars and travellers commenced the Crimean exploration by Russian scientists in various fields of science, thus, the end of the 18th century should be considered the beginning of Russian Crimean studies.
THE CHINESE ‘IDEOGRAPHIC’ SCRIPT: EVOLUTION OF PERCEPTIONS (BASED ON THE 19TH CENTURY AUTHORS)
Authors:   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of science (MOSCOW), Kozha Ksenia A.
Published: February 2021

The article explores briefly the history of research in one of the most arguable topics in Sinological linguistics — the definition of an ideographic script, i. e. the Chinese writing system perceptions in the Russian and Western sinology of the 19th century. J.-F. Champolion’s and T. Young’s discoveries of the nature of hieroglyphic script, its function and evolution, as well as their decipherment of the ancient Egyptians texts, naturally influenced the broad field of oriental linguistics, having stimulated researches of other hieroglyphic writing systems. The present article touches briefly upon works of the American scholars P. DuPanceau and S. Andrews, the British naturalist G. T. Lay, the French diplomat J.-M. Callery and the well-renowned Russian sinologists I. Bičurin and V. P. Vasilyev. Basing on the selection of works, relevant to the article’s subject matter, the author aims to illustrate the evolution of Sinological knowledge in one of its most arguable topics — the nature hieroglyphic script, its structure and modification over time. Selected passages from the above mentioned authors, their exchange of opinions and comments to each other’s works tend to demonstrate the development of the research methodology itself — the gradual shift from labelling the Chinese script with ideographic stamp to the recognition of its phono-semantic dimensions and its transformation towards a phonetic system of writing.
TURKISH EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN IRAQI KURDISTAN: HISTORY AND CURRENT SITUATION (GÜLEN SCHOOLS AND THE MAARIF FOUNDATION)
Authors:   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of science (MOSCOW), Mossaki Nodar Z.
Published: February 2021

This article is devoted to the activity of Turkish educational institutions in Iraqi Kurdistan, which have been active in the region since the beginning of the 1990s. The article shows the importance of Turkish educational institutions in Kurdistan in promoting a positive image of Turkey and forming a pro-Turkish stratum among the local elite. Fethullah Gülen’s educational structures are present in all the provinces of Kurdistan; they are considered the most prestigious ones and are very popular among the local elite. The Gülen empire system came in full force in 2008 with Işık University (titled Tishk International University since 2018), which has become a centre of attraction not only for residents but also for part of the Kurds of Turkey who come to South Kurdistan to study. The conflict between R. T. Erdogan and the Gülen structures that broke out at the end of 2013 resulted in pressure from Turkey on the Kurdistan authorities to force the latter to close the Gülen institutions. However, the Kurdistan leadership rejected Turkey’s demands, claiming the significant contribution of Gülen schools to the development of the region. It was only after the so-called military coup attempt in Turkey on July 15–16, 2016, which Gülen was accused of organizing, that the Kurdistan authorities formally closed Hizmet educational institutions and transferred their management under the control of the Kurdistan authorities. The Turkish authorities, having failed to get the Kurdistan leadership to either close or hand over Gülen schools, in the autumn of 2018 began a fairly active expansion of the network of schools of the Maarif Foundation, established under Turkey’s Ministry of Education. As a result, the conflict between the Turkish authorities and the Gülen movement only led to the expansion of the Turkish schools’ network in this region, which is an important factor of the foreign policy vector of the authorities in this region.
Pakistan's Journey to Civilian Rule (1958-70): An Analysis of Ayub Era
Authors: Khan Adil , Ahmad Manzoor , Waheed Abdul
Published: February 2021

Pakistan, since its inception, has passed through several phases of transitions to civilian rule and authoritarian reversals. Similar to the pattern of transition between civilian rule and dictatorship, there is a pattern of change within authoritarian Regimes that could be observed in all the three experiences of transition in Pakistan. This paper identifies the pattern of change from military dictatorship to civilian rule from 1958 to 1970. The key questions addressed in this paper are: firstly, how the military regime consolidated its grip on power after the October 1958 coup? Secondly, how early cracks appeared in the military's control over power and matured with the passage of time, resulting in a national crisis? Thirdly, how failure in crises management led to the transition to civilian rule, as well as, the disintegration of the state.
A Review on the Criminal Justice System: Understanding its Structural Components and Process in Pakistan
Authors: Khalil Ur Rahman  , Khan Ziaullah , Khan Tariq Anwar
Published: February 2021

Criminal justice system is fundamental to the cause of establishing a peaceful and nonviolent society; therefore, it is pertinent to understand criminal justice procedure in detail. This study was planned to know the procedure, structure and various parts involving in the criminal justice system. A secondary method of study was adopted by reviewing academic articles and books in order to review the criminal justice system. The article presents definitions of the criminal justice system, its components and also presents a detailed account of each component. Besides, the role and functions of different components including police, court procedures, and role of judges, bail process and correctional institutions were reviewed. It is concluded that criminal justice system has evolved and still evolving in the contemporary world including Pakistan and its complex elements may be made understandable to the common citizens while looking at the changing needs and problems in various times and spaces.
The Smokescreen of Media during COVID-19 and Its Perpetual Resolutions: A Thick Description
Authors: Adnan Malik , Sultana Irem , Hameed Muhammad Basharat
Published: February 2021

Regarding the information of Coronavirus, the platform of social and mass media played a vital role. As there was little knowledge about COVID-19 at the beginning, numerous fake news, misinformation, and rumors were spread by the digital media across the globe, which made people lose their nerves and panic decisions. To weaken and stop the spreading of misinformation and fake news in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic are requisite because the misinformation and rumors about the pandemic create anxiety, distress, and disturbance among the public, and leads them to several psychological disorders. Instead of viewing social media as a tributary channel, it must be organized to deliver significant data and information. Moreover, it lets people report their questions directly. Several governments have taken drastic steps to hold the pandemic of misinformation, globally; however, several measures are mandatory to avert such communication barriers
Deficiencies in the Legal Framework of Housing in Pakistan: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Baig Mirza Shahid Rizwan , Idrees Rao Qasim , Nawaz Hafiz Muhammad Usman
Published: February 2021

Housing has been given a special priority by the present Government of Pakistan due to its huge financial impact. One of the basic necessities of life includes housing. Housing has been acknowledged as directory principle under the Constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan 1973. Under the scheme of the Constitution of Pakistan 1973, the provision of housing units is primarily the responsibility of the Local Governments in the provinces, but they have miserably failed to do so. This article points out some of the major reasons and obstacles due to which housing laws are unable to regulate the housing industry of Pakistan in an effective manner. At the end of this article, some suggestions and recommendations have been given, which are necessary to improve the legislative as well as the regulatory mechanism of the housing industry in Pakistan.
Impact of Social Media in Adoption of New Trends of Visual Arts: A Case Study of Established Visual Artists in Twins Cities
Authors: Wali Muhammad Ayub , Amin Salman , Rehman Muhammad
Published: February 2021

This study has investigated the problem of finding the impact of social media in adoption of new trends of visual arts on established visual artists of twin cities and also how social media facilitates in disseminating new techniques of visual arts among the art practitioners. The aims of the research were to investigate the impact of social media in adoption of new trends of visual arts among established visual artists, and also to evaluate the existing techniques of visual arts through diffusion innovation model among the established visual artists. The researcher has conducted interviews of established visual artists, questionnaires were also furnished. The stakeholders were practicing field visual artists (studio based) and visual art educators (art teachers). The result concluded from the present study was that adoption of social media has a positive significant relation with adoption of new trends of arts and impact on the skills of artists whereas adoption of social media has a negative but significant relation with use of social media.