bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regulation of the Alternative Splicing and Function of Cyclin T1 by the Serine‐Arginine‐Rich Protein ASF/SF2
Authors: Zhou Jieqiong , Gao Guozhen , Hou Panpan , Li Chun‐Mei , Guo Deyin
Published: April 2017

Positive transcription elongation factor‐b (P‐TEFb) is required for the release of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) from its pause near the gene promoters and thus for efficient proceeding to the transcription elongation. It consists of two core subunits—CDK9 and one of T‐typed or K‐typed cyclin, of which, cyclin T1/CDK9 is the major and most studied combination. We have previously identified a novel splice variant of cyclin T1, cyclin T1b, which negatively regulates the transcription elongation of HIV‐1 genes as well as several host genes. In this study, we revealed the serine‐arginine‐rich protein, ASF/SF2, as a regulatory factor of the alternative splicing of cyclin T1 gene. ASF/SF2 promotes the production of cyclin T1b versus cyclin T1a and regulates the expression of cyclin T1‐depedent genes at the transcription level. We further found that a cis‐element on exon 8 is responsible for the skipping of exon 7 mediated by ASF/SF2. Collectively, ASF/SF2 is identified as a splicing regulator of cyclin T1, which contributes to the control of the subsequent transcription events. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4020–4032, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Aberrantly Expressed Long Non‐Coding RNAs In CD8+ T Cells Response to Active Tuberculosis
Authors: Fu Yurong , Gao Kunshan , Tao Enxue , Li Ruifang , Yi Zhengjun
Published: April 2017

Dysregulated expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been demonstrated as being implicated in a variety of human diseases. In the study we aimed to determine lncRNA profile in CD8+ T cells response to active tuberculosis (TB). We examined the lncRNA expression by microarray in circulating CD8+ T cells isolated from patients with active TB and healthy controls. Change predictions to analysis was used to address functional roles of the deregulated mRNAs. Real‐time quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) was used to validate the microarray result. In total, 328 lncRNAs and 356 mRNAs were differentially expressed in TB CD8+ T cells. Upregulated mRNAs were mainly enriched in cAMP signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway, and TGF‐beta signaling pathway, while downregulated mRNAs were enriched in antigen processing and presentation and natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity in TB CD8+ T cells. Interestingly, we found that heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) was decreased in active TB CD8+ T cells, while its nearby lincRNA XLOC_014219 was upregulated. Subsequent RT‐qPCR results confirmed the changes. This is the first research addressing lncRNA expression profiles in active TB CD8+ T cells. The aberrantly expressed lncRNAs observed in the study may provide clues to the dysfunction of CD8+ T cells and so to the pathophysiological properties of active TB. Further studies should focus on the function of lncRNAs involved in active TB. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4275–4284, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Agarose hydrogel induced MCF‐7 and BMG‐1 cell line progressive 3D and 3D revert cultures
Authors: Subramaniyan Aishwarya , Ravi Maddaly
Published: April 2017

3D culture systems have enhanced the utility of cancer cell lines as they are considered closer to the in vivo systems. A variety of changes are induced in cells cultured in 3D systems; an apparent and striking feature being the spontaneous acquisition of distinct morphological entities. 3D reverts (3DRs) can be obtained by introducing 3D aggregates in scaffold/matrix‐free culture units. It could be seen that the two cell lines used in this study exhibited differences in 3DR structures, though both were cultured on agarose hydrogels. Also, differences in 3DR formation, growth and survival were different. While 3D aggregates of several cell lines have been reported for a variety of studies, there are no studies that describe or utilize 3DRs. 3DRs can provide insights into complex events that can occur in cancer cells; especially as material to study metastasis, migration, and invasion.
Sleep disorders in the elderly: Diagnosis and management
Authors: Suzuki Keisuke , Miyamoto Masayuki , Hirata Koichi
Published: April 2017

Compared with younger people, elderly people show age‐related sleep changes, including an advanced sleep phase and decreased slow‐wave sleep, which result in fragmented sleep and early awakening. Multiple etiologies contribute to insomnia in the elderly, consistent with the observation that elderly people are likely to have comorbid conditions and medications. When elderly individuals complain of insomnia, it is important to assess treatable medical conditions and medication use that may be responsible for the insomnia before the use of hypnotics is initiated. Also, screening for primary sleep disorders, such as sleep apnea syndrome, restless legs syndrome and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, is essential. We review sleep disorders commonly observed in the elderly and describe their diagnosis and management.
Efficacy of global dimming backlight and high‐contrast liquid crystal panel for high‐dynamic‐range displays
Authors: Choi Mina , Hoffman David M.
Published: April 2017

Using an RGB organic light‐emitting diode display to emulate liquid crystal display systems, we examined the efficacy of different global dimming strategies for cinematic content. A global dimming solution with smoothed transitions was preferred over solutions using a static backlight level or the highly aggressive frame‐by‐frame backlight adjustment scheme. We compared two such smoothing approaches, one making use of causal data, and another using future information (which could be available via latency or dynamic metadata) and did observe some opportunities for an improved experience, but found the causal data to be a competitive approach. We also evaluated the importance of native panel contrast and how global dimming compares to local dimming approaches. For most content tested, a global dimming display with a high‐contrast liquid crystal panel was judged as being equivalent or more preferred to a full‐array local dimming display with a low‐contrast panel. These results build on the existing evidence that native panel contrast remains one of the strongest predictors of high‐dynamic‐range image quality even as backlight technologies continue to improve.
Alanine δ15N trophic fractionation in heterotrophic protists
Authors: Décima Moira , Landry Michael R. , Bradley Christina J. , Fogel Marilyn L.
Published: April 2017

We evaluated differences in the 15N isotopic enrichment factors of trophic amino acids (AA) for protistan (microzooplankton) and metazoan (mesozooplankton) consumers, testing the hypothesis that δ15N of alanine (ala) increases in both consumer types, while glutamic acid (glu) enriches mainly in mesozooplankton. AA δ15N values were measured for dinoflagellate and ciliate grazers and their respective algal prey (Oxyrrhis marina/Dunaliella tertiolecta and Favella sp./Heterocapsa triquetra) in four two‐stage chemostat experiments, including treatments with different nitrogen : phosphorous nutrient ratios and light/dark recycling conditions. Propagation of AA 15N enrichment to a metazoan consumer was also assessed in two‐ and three‐stage chemostat experiments simulating simple “classical” (Calanus pacificus and the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii) and “multivorous” (C. pacificus, O. marina, and D. tertiolecta) food chains. We found small or negligible 15N‐enrichment of glu for both protistan grazers, while ala enrichment was consistently greater and similar to that in metazoan consumers. Ala and glu δ15N values were both highly elevated in C. pacificus relative to prey, and enrichment was higher with autotrophic diets. These laboratory results suggest that ala may be used as an alternate, accurate isotopic proxy for quantifying protistan contributions to trophic structure in aquatic systems.
Factors controlling the geographical distribution of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in the surface waters of the Pacific Ocean
Authors: Yamashita Youhei , Hashihama Fuminori , Saito Hiroaki , Fukuda Hideki , Ogawa Hiroshi
Published: April 2017

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the epipelagic ocean is produced by marine organisms and consumed by microbes. Thus, the distributional patterns of DOM quantity and quality in surface waters are possibly related to marine ecological provinces. In this study, surface waters collected throughout the Pacific Ocean were used to investigate the geographical distributions of fluorescent DOM (FDOM) quantity and quality. An excitation‐emission matrix and parallel factor analysis revealed two humic‐like and two protein‐like components. The levels of humic‐like components showed clear meridional trends with some zonal variability and were highest and lowest in the northern high‐latitude and the subtropical provinces, respectively. The photochemical reactivity, determined by the ratio of two humic‐like components, was found to be lowest in the subtropical provinces, implying that the major factor controlling the geographical distribution of humic‐like components is the degree of photobleaching. The distributional patterns differed between levels of two protein‐like components, i.e., tryptophan‐like and tyrosine‐like. The ratio of tyrosine‐like to tryptophan‐like components was established as a possible indicator of microbial degradability, and the highest ratio occurred in subtropical provinces. A negative correlation was found between this ratio and the chlorophyll a concentration. Such geographical distributions of protein‐like components imply that relatively recalcitrant protein‐like components are distributed uniformly throughout the surface waters, but substantial contributions of reactive fractions occur in regions characterized by high biological production. Cluster analysis with the FDOM composition clarified that the diagenetic states of DOM were similar and variable in the northern high‐latitude and the subtropical provinces, respectively.
Propagation of Gabor singularities for Schrödinger equations with quadratic Hamiltonians
Authors: Pravda‐Starov Karel , Rodino Luigi , Wahlberg Patrik
Published: April 2017

We study propagation of the Gabor wave front set for a Schrödinger equation with a Hamiltonian that is the Weyl quantization of a quadratic form with nonnegative real part. We point out that the singular space associated with the quadratic form plays a crucial role for the understanding of this propagation. We show that the Gabor singularities of the solution to the equation for positive times are always contained in the singular space, and that they propagate in this set along the flow of the Hamilton vector field associated with the imaginary part of the quadratic form. As an application we obtain for the heat equation a sufficient condition on the Gabor wave front set of the initial datum tempered distribution that implies regularization to Schwartz regularity for positive times.
Photoinduced Iron‐Based Water‐Induced Phase Separable Catalysis (WPSC) ICAR ATRP of Poly(ethylene glycol) Methyl Ether Methacrylate
Authors: Wu Jian , Zhang Bingjie , Zhang Lifen , Cheng Zhenping , Zhu Xiulin
Published: April 2017

Iron‐mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has gained extensive attention because of the superiority of iron catalysts, such as low toxicity, abundant reserves, and good biocompatibility. Herein, a practical iron catalyst recycling system, photoinduced iron‐based water‐induced phase separable catalysis ATRP with initiators for continuous activator regeneration, at room temperature is developed for the first time. In this polymerization system, the polymerization is conducted in homogenous solvents consisting of p‐xylene and ethanol, using commercially available 5,10,15,20‐tetraphenyl‐21H,23H‐porphine iron(III) chloride as the iron catalyst, ethyl 2‐bromophenylacetate as the ATRP initiator, 2,4,6‐trimethylbenzoyl diphenylphosphine oxide as the photoinitiator, and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate as the model hydrophilic monomer. After polymerization, a certain amount of water is added to induce the phase separation so that the catalyst can be separated and recycled in p‐xylene phase with very low residual metal complexes (<12 ppm) in the resultant polymers even after six times recycle experiments.

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Magnetic Liquid Silicone Rubber – Revealing Effects and Process Limitations
Authors: Schubert Dirk W. , Werner Siegfried , Heitbrink Alexander
Published: April 2017

An example how to benchmark magnetic composites made of LSR, Liquid Silicone Rubber and magnetic filler for a potential application is given. A characteristic degree of filling was revealed appearing in viscosity, density and magnetic permeability investigations, consistently. A simple model is proposed to describe the magnetic permeability as a function of the degree of filling requiring only one adjustable parameter.
Thiol‐ene Cross‐Linkable Hydrogels as Bioinks for Biofabrication
Authors: Stichler Simone , Bertlein Sarah , Tessmar Jörg , Jüngst Tomasz , Groll Jürgen
Published: April 2017

This article introduces biofabrication and highlights the role of hydrogels in this field of research as materials that combine chemical tunability with cytocompatibility and the suitability for processing with biofabrication technologies. So far, chemical cross‐linking as post‐fabrication step to stabilize the printed structures has mainly been achieved by free radical polymerization of (meth‐)acrylated hydrogel components. We discuss thiol‐ene chemistry as an interesting alternative that is widely used in polymer science, but has so far not been explored much for biofabrication. We then present our development of thiol‐ene cross‐linkable hydrogel‐bioink as alternative to the widely used free radical photopolymerization of methacrylated molecules in biofabrication. Thiol‐ene chemistry allows for rapid gelation after printing with good shape fidelity and high reproducibility under identical printing parameters.
A numerical investigation on the effect of RF coil feed variability on global and local electromagnetic field exposure in human body models at 64 MHz
Authors: Lucano Elena , Liberti Micaela , Lloyd Tom , Apollonio Francesca , Wedan Steve , Kainz Wolfgang , Angelone Leonardo M.
Published: April 2017

Purpose

This study aims to investigate how the positions of the feeding sources of the transmit radiofrequency (RF) coil, field orientation direction with respect to the patient, and patient dimensions affect the global and local electromagnetic exposure in human body models.

Methods

Three RF coil models were implemented, namely a specific two‐source (S2) feed and two multisource feed configurations: generic 32‐source (G32) and hybrid 16‐source (H16). Thirty‐two feeding conditions were studied for the S2, whereas two were studied for the G32 and H16. The study was performed using five human body models. Additionally, for two of the body models, the case of a partially implanted lead was evaluated.

Results

The results showed an overall variation due to coil feeding conditions of the whole‐body specific absorption rate (SAR) of less than 20%, but deviations up to 98% of the magnitude of the electric field tangential to a possible lead path. For the analysis with the partially implanted lead, a variation of local SAR at the tip of the lead of up to 60% was observed with respect to feed position and field orientation direction.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that specific information about feed position and field orientation direction must be considered for an accurate evaluation of patient exposure. Magn Reson Med 79:1135–1144, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Engineering of crosslinked polyisothiouronium methylstyrene microparticles of narrow size distribution for antibacterial applications
Authors: Cohen Sarit , Laitman Inna , Lublin Tennebaum Tammy , Natan Michal , Banin Ehud , Margel Shlomo
Published: April 2017

Isothiouronium salts are well known for their biocidal activity; however, their environmental toxicity is problematic. The current manuscript describes the synthesis of the antibacterial vinylic monomer, isothioronium methylstyrene, as well as its dispersion co‐polymerization with the crosslinking monomer divinylbenzene to form polyisothiouronium methylstyrene (PITMS) micrometer‐sized crosslinked particles of narrow size distribution. The effect of crosslinking monomer, initiator, and stabilizer concentrations on the size and size distribution of the formed microparticles was also elucidated. The incorporation of the isothiouronium salts into microparticles significantly reduces their toxicity. The bactericidal activity of PITMS microspheres of 376 ± 42‐nm diameter was demonstrated against four common bacterial pathogens: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria innocua. The minimum bactericidal concentration of PITMS microparticles needed for total killing was found, and their potent antibacterial activity demonstrates the potential of these particles as new types of antibacterial additives for various industrial and biomedical materials. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exercise interventions for patients with pediatric cancer during inpatient acute care: A systematic review of literature
Authors: Rustler Vanessa , Hagerty Meaghan , Daeggelmann Julia , Marjerrison Stacey , Bloch Wilhelm , Baumann Freerk T.
Published: April 2017

Physical inactivity has been shown to exacerbate negative side effects experienced by pediatric patients undergoing cancer therapy. Exercise interventions are being created in response. This review summarizes current exercise intervention data in the inpatient pediatric oncology setting. Two independent reviewers collected literature from three databases, and analyzed data following the PRISMA statement for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses. Ten studies were included, representing 204 patients. Good adherence, positive trends in health status, and no adverse events were noted. Common strategies included individual, supervised, combination training with adaptability to meet fluctuating patient abilities. We recommend that general physical activity programming be offered to pediatric oncology inpatients.
Optical properties of high‐density polyethylene in injection press molding for IR system lenses
Authors: Kaneda Ryo , Takahashi Toshihiro , Takiguchi Masayasu , Hijikata Motoharu , Ito Hiroshi
Published: April 2017

An experimental investigation of injection press molding (IPM) was conducted to assess high infrared radiation (IR) transmittance with an opaque state (low‐visibility ray (VR) transmittance) necessary for IR system lenses as a target high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) IR transmission material. The changed conditions were the cavity open distance and delay time considering the polymer melt flowability. Other molding conditions were held constant. Mold surface roughnesses of two kinds were used. Data for IR and VR transmittance were evaluated using measurements or observation results obtained for surface roughness, thickness, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), crystallinity, and the internal structure. Results show that the surface roughness and thickness of molded parts did not influence IR or VR transmittance. For thin skin layers with low orientation of molecular chains, the IR transmittance was higher for longer delay times. For low molecular chain orientation in the shear–core layer, the VR transmittance was also low. The molecular chain orientation differed depending on IPM conditions. Setting a longer delay time produced a uniform distribution of the molded part thickness. Furthermore, thickness became a constant value when a mold with high surface roughness was used. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2017. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Ductile‐to‐brittle transition behavior of low molecular weight polycarbonate under carbon dioxide
Authors: Taguchi Tomoaki , Miike Ramu , Hatakeyama Tomoe , Saito Hiromu
Published: April 2017

We investigated the stress–strain behavior of low molecular weight polycarbonate for optical disc grade (OD‐PC) under carbon dioxide (CO2) at various pressures, and compared the results with that under ambient pressure at various temperatures. Elongation at break decreased sharply with increased CO2pressure at around 2 MPa, while the elastic modulus decreased gradually up to 6 MPa. These results indicate that the tensile property changed from ductile to brittle with increased CO2pressure, although the molecular motion is accelerated due to the plasticization effect of CO2. Such ductile‐to‐brittle transition is similar to that observed under elevated temperatures caused by chain disentanglement due to accelerated molecular motion. Although the changes of tensile properties were similar, the craze structure obtained by the brittle behavior was different, i.e., a filamented‐craze structure was obtained under high‐pressure CO2, while a lace‐like one was obtained under elevated temperatures. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2017. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Sift‐proofness of Dangerous Goods Packagings – An Incompletely Defined Requirement
Authors: Schlick‐Hasper Eva , Goedecke Thomas , Kraume Matthias
Published: April 2017

Sift‐proofness is a requirement for different types of dangerous goods packagings for solid substances according to the international Dangerous Goods Regulations. In these regulations, a sift‐proof packaging is defined as a packaging that is completely impermeable to dry contents. This means indirectly that absolutely no mass transport of solid substances is allowed. Moreover, this requirement applies both to the original filling substance and to fine solid material generated during transport. Further specifications, test conditions or tolerable limit values are not given. This is in contrast to physical principles and the usual practice in other fields of technology in which sift‐proofness is relevant. This paper shows the necessary steps for how the requirements for sift‐proofness of dangerous goods packagings can be defined more precisely. Physical basics of the term ‘sift‐proofness’ are explained. A qualitative as well as a quantitative approach is possible. In any case, it is essential to carry out appropriate vibration tests to assess the sift‐proofness. There is a need for systematical investigations of the sift‐proofness of dangerous goods packagings. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive covariance relaxation methods for ensemble data assimilation: experiments in the real atmosphere
Authors: Kotsuki Shunji , Ota Yoichiro , Miyoshi Takemasa
Published: April 2017

Covariance inflation plays an important role in the ensemble Kalman filter because the ensemble‐based error variance is usually underestimated due to various factors such as the limited ensemble size and model imperfections. Manual tuning of the inflation parameters by trial and error is computationally expensive; therefore, several studies have proposed approaches to adaptive estimation of the inflation parameters. Among others, this study focuses on the covariance relaxation method which realizes spatially dependent inflation with a spatially homogeneous relaxation parameter. This study performs a series of experiments with the non‐hydrostatic icosahedral atmospheric model (NICAM) and the local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF) assimilating the real‐world conventional observations and satellite radiances. Two adaptive covariance relaxation methods are implemented: relaxation to prior spread based on Ying and Zhang (adaptive‐RTPS), and relaxation to prior perturbation (adaptive‐RTPP). Both adaptive‐RTPS and adaptive‐RTPP generally improve the analysis compared to a baseline control experiment with an adaptive multiplicative inflation method. However, the adaptive‐RTPS and adaptive‐RTPP methods lead to an over‐dispersive (under‐dispersive) ensemble in the sparsely (densely) observed regions compared with the adaptive multiplicative inflation method. We find that the adaptive‐RTPS and adaptive‐RTPP methods are robust to a sudden change in the observing networks and observation error settings.
Information theoretical measures from cumulative and survival densities in quantum systems
Authors: Laguna Humberto G. , Sagar Robin P.
Published: April 2017

Entropic uncertainty and statistical correlation measures, based on survival and cumulative densities, are explored in some representative quantum systems. We illustrate how the cumulative residual entropy in the quantum well system recovers the correct classical behavior for larger quantum numbers while the Shannon entropy does not. Two interacting and noninteracting oscillators are used to examine two‐particle entropies and their related correlation measures. The joint cumulative residual entropy does distinguish between symmetric and antisymmetric wave functions in interacting systems as the interaction is turned on. The joint Shannon entropy does not distinguish between the symmetries even in the presence of interaction. Conversely, the joint Shannon entropy and joint cumulative residual entropy are both unable to distinguish between the symmetries for certain states of the noninteracting oscillators. As measures of statistical correlation, the mutual information and the cross cumulative residual entropy yield similar behaviors as a function of the strength of the interparticle interaction.
Resonance Raman and UV‐Visible Microscopy Reveals that Conditioning Red Blood Cells with Repeated Doses of Sodium Dithionite Increases Haemoglobin Oxygen Uptake
Authors: Perez–Guaita David , de Veij Marleen , Marzec Katarzyna M. , Almohammedi Abdullah R. D. , McNaughton Don , Hudson Andrew J. , Wood Bayden R.
Published: April 2017

Here we report that successive additions of fresh dithionite to a suspension of red blood cells (RBCs) increase the capacity of the cells to uptake oxygen. This effect was not observed when the RBCs were similarly preconditioned using gaseous N2 to induce short episodes of hypoxia. The effect of successive sodium dithionite and N2 gas additions on a population of functional erythrocytes was monitored using Raman confocal microscopy, with 514 nm excitation, and UV–visible microscopy. The results indicate that successive additions of sodium dithionite in a suspension of red blood cells leads to an increase in both the rate and the capacity of the RBCs to uptake oxygen. The sodium dithionite did not cause haemoglobin from lysed RBCs to uptake more oxygen after successive additions and hence this effect was only observed in functional intact RBCs. Experiments performed with polarised Raman spectroscopy suggest that sodium dithionite increases the disorder of Hb in the RBC facilitating oxygen diffusion.
Genomics‐Driven Discovery of the Gliovirin Biosynthesis Gene Cluster in the Plant Beneficial Fungus Trichoderma Virens
Authors: Sherkhane Pramod D. , Bansal Ravindra , Banerjee Kaushik , Chatterjee Suchandra , Oulkar Dasharath , Jain Prachi , Rosenfelder Lea , Elgavish Sharona , Horwitz Benjamin A. , Mukherjee Prasun K.
Published: April 2017

Gliovirin is a strong anti‐oomycete and a candidate anticancer compound. It is produced by “P” strains of the plant disease biocontrol fungus Trichoderma virens and is involved in biological control of certain plant pathogens. Even though the compound is known for more than three decades, neither the genes involved nor the biosynthetic pathway are known. We have sequenced the whole genome of a gliovirin producing strain of T. virens and discovered a novel gene cluster comprising of 22 genes. Disruption of the non‐ribosomal peptide synthetase eliminated biosynthesis of gliovirin. The gene cluster is very similar to a hitherto un‐described gene cluster of Aspergillus udagawae, a human pathogen. Our findings open‐up the possibility of strain improvement of T. virens for improved biocontrol of plant diseases through enhanced production of gliovirin. Research also can now be initiated on the role of this gene cluster in pathogenicity of the human pathogen A. udagawae.
Bismuth Nitrate Catalyzed One‐Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of a Novel Series of Diversely Substituted 1,8‐Dioxodecahydroacridines at Room Temperature#
Authors: Brahmachari Goutam , Begam Sanchari , Nurjamal Khondekar
Published: April 2017

A simple, straightforward, and convenient one‐pot synthesis of a new series of diversely substituted 1,8‐dioxodecahydroacridines (5a–q and 5′a–g), particularly bearing varying amino acids as part of the building block, has been developed based on a low‐cost and environmentally benign Bi(NO3)3.5H2O catalyst via pseudo‐four component reactions of 1,3‐cyclohexanediones (1/4), various primary amines (2) and aldehydes (3) in ethanol at ambient temperature (25‐30 oC). High atom‐economy, good to excellent yields, eco‐friendliness, and mild reaction conditions are some of the important features of this protocol.
A Simple Chemical Route toward High Surface Area CeO2 Nanoparticles Displaying Remarkable Radical Scavenging Activity
Authors: Saikia Himadri , Hazarika Kumar Kashyap , Chutia Bhugendra , Choudhury Biswajit , Bharali Pankaj
Published: April 2017

This work reports a simple chemical route to synthesize high surface area ceria (CeO2) nanoparticles which exhibit remarkable radical scavenging activity. Synthesized CeO2 nanoparticles are characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller surface area (BET surface area) analyses. The characterization results reveal the formation of cubic phase of CeO2 with particles sizes of 10 nm and a remarkably high specific surface area of 236.8 m2/g. The nanoparticles are explored for 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity that is to assess the antioxidant property of nanoceria by in‐vitro spectrophotometric approach.
Fabrication of a Graphene@TiO2@Porphyrin Hybrid Material and Its Photocatalytic Properties under Simulated Sunlight Irradiation
Authors: La Duong Duc , Bhosale Sidhanath V. , Jones Lathe A. , Revaprasadu Neerish , Bhosale Sheshanath V.
Published: April 2017

The fabrication of a nanostructured graphene@TiO2@porphyrin composite was achieved via surfactant‐assisted self‐assembly. The obtained nanostructures were fully characterized by UV‐vis, fluorescence emission spectroscopy, SEM, XRD and FTIR techniques. The graphene@TiO2@porphyrin composite reveals good incorporation of TiO2 particles with a diameter of 15–30 nm, and aggregated porphyrin nanorods with 50–60 nm width and several hundreds of nanometers in length on the graphene surface. The applications of three components (graphene@TiO2@porphyrin) based nanostructure in photocatalytic pollutant degradation Rhodamine B is reported, where TiO2 and porphyrin aggregates are shown to be activated for UV and visible light respectively, resulting in a high performing composite. The possible photocatalytic mechanism of RhB degradation by graphene@TiO2@porphyrins composite is discussed.
An estradiol‐inducible promoter enables fast, graduated control of gene expression in fission yeast
Authors: Ohira Makoto J. , Hendrickson David G. , Scott McIsaac R. , Rhind Nicholas
Published: April 2017

The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe lacks a diverse toolkit of inducible promoters for experimental manipulation. Available inducible promoters suffer from slow induction kinetics, limited control of expression levels and/or a requirement for defined growth medium. In particular, no S. pombe inducible promoter systems exhibit a linear dose–response, which would allow expression to be tuned to specific levels. We have adapted a fast, orthogonal promoter system with a large dynamic range and a linear dose response, based on β‐estradiol‐regulated function of the human oestrogen receptor, for use in S. pombe. We show that this promoter system, termed Z3EV, turns on quickly, can reach a maximal induction of 20‐fold, and exhibits a linear dose response over its entire induction range, with few off‐target effects. We demonstrate the utility of this system by regulating the mitotic inhibitor Wee1 to create a strain in which cell size is regulated by β‐estradiol concentration. This promoter system will be of great utility for experimentally regulating gene expression in fission yeast. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Existential Perspectives on Supervision
Authors: Deurzen Emmy van , Young Sarah
Published: April 2017

Supervision is an essential part of counselling and psychotherapy practice. It is increasingly recognised as a tool for ensuring high professional standards. In an era of regulation and tightening control, there is a growing professional need to take stock and reflect on what it means to work with human problems. It is vital that therapists address the moral and philosophical dimensions of their profession and ask themselves what it is to be human.

This rich and far-reaching book explores supervision from this timely philosophical perspective. Designed both for trainees and more seasoned professionals, whatever their theoretical orientation, it makes a clear case for seeing existential perspectives on supervision as complementary to, rather than as a substitute for, other forms of supervision.
Local distribution of native and invasive earthworms and effects on a native salamander
Authors: Ransom Tami S.
Published: April 2017

North America is home to both native and invasive earthworms acting as ecosystem engineers as they build burrows that can serve as habitat for other species or otherwise alter soil structure, affecting nutrient cycling and other ecosystem processes. Here I determine where and what earthworm species commonly occur in my study area, and compare effects of native and invasive earthworms on the common woodland salamander, Plethodon cinereus, in field surveys and laboratory experiments. The native earthworm Eisenoides carolinensis was the most common earthworm, followed by two invasive species Dendrobaena octaedra and Octolasion tyrtaeum. The presence of O. tyrtaeum was associated with a narrower O‐horizon (i.e., organic layer in the soil). Using structural equation modeling to explore direct and indirect pathways of these three most common earthworm species on salamanders, I found O. tyrtaeum occurrence was negatively correlated with nighttime salamander counts, a proxy for total salamander numbers, mediated by negative effects on O‐horizon depth and microinvertebrate numbers. In the laboratory, O. tyrtaeum and D. octaedra consumed more leaf litter per gram of earthworm per day than the native E. carolinensis. However, salamanders consumed earthworms and used burrows of all native and invasive species of earthworms similarly. The potential for negative indirect effects of the invasive earthworm O. tyrtaeum on P. cinereus was demonstrated both in the field and laboratory, highlighting that seemingly small differences between native and invasive ecosystem engineers have the potential to significantly alter the effects of these closely related native and invasive organisms.
Molecular therapy of primary hyperoxaluria
Authors: Martin‐Higueras Cristina , Torres Armando , Salido Eduardo
Published: April 2017

During the last few decades, the molecular understanding of the mechanisms involved in primary hyperoxalurias (PHs) has set the stage for novel therapeutic approaches. The availability of PH mouse models has facilitated preclinical studies testing innovative treatments. PHs are autosomal recessive diseases where the enzymatic deficit plays a central pathogenic role. Thus, molecular therapies aimed at restoring such deficit or limiting the consequences of the metabolic derangement could be envisioned, keeping in mind the specific challenges posed by the cell‐autonomous nature of the deficiency. Various molecular approaches like enzyme replacement, substrate reduction, pharmacologic chaperones, and gene and cell therapies have been explored in cells and mouse models of disease. Some of these proof‐of‐concept studies have paved the way to current clinical trials on PH type 1, raising hopes that much needed treatments will become available for this severe inborn error of metabolism.
The Choice Theory of Contracts
Authors: Dagan Hanoch , Heller Michael
Published: April 2017

This concise landmark in law and jurisprudence offers the first coherent, liberal account of contract law. The Choice Theory of Contracts answers the field's most pressing questions: what is the 'freedom' in 'freedom of contract'? What core values animate contract law and how do those values interrelate? How must the state act when it shapes contract law? Hanoch Dagan and Michael Heller - two of the world's leading private law theorists - show exactly why and how freedom matters to contract law. They start with the most appealing tenets of modern liberalism and end with their implications for contract law. This readable, engaging book gives contract scholars, teachers, and students a powerful normative vocabulary for understanding canonical cases, refining key doctrines, and solving long-standing puzzles in the law.
Thomas Jefferson, Legal History, and the Art of Recollection
Authors: Crow Matthew
Published: April 2017

In this innovative book, historian Matthew Crow unpacks the legal and political thought of Thomas Jefferson as a tool for thinking about constitutional transformation, settler colonialism, and race and civic identity in the era of the American Revolution. Thomas Jefferson's practices of reading, writing, and collecting legal history grew out of broader histories of early modern empire and political thought. As a result of the peculiar ways in which he theorized and experienced the imperial crisis and revolutionary constitutionalism, Jefferson came to understand a republican constitution as requiring a textual, material culture of law shared by citizens with the cultivated capacity to participate in such a culture. At the center of the story in Thomas Jefferson, Legal History, and the Art of Recollection, Crow concludes, we find legal history as a mode of organizing and governing collective memory, and as a way of instituting a particular form of legal subjectivity.
Ethnic Germans and National Socialism in Yugoslavia in World War II
Authors: Zakić Mirna
Published: April 2017

This is an in-depth study of the ethnic German minority in the Serbian Banat (Southeast Europe) and its experiences under German occupation in World War II. Mirna Zakić argues that the Banat Germans exercised great agency within the constraints imposed on them by Nazi ideology, with its expectations that ethnic Germans would collaborate with the invading Nazis. The book examines the incentives that the Nazis offered to collaboration and social dynamics within the Banat German community - between their Nazified leadership and the rank and file - as well as the various and ever-more damning forms collaboration took. The Banat Germans provided administrative and economic aid to the Nazi war effort, and took part in Nazi military operations in Yugoslav lands, the Holocaust and Aryanization. They ruled the Banat on the Nazis' behalf between 1941 and 1944, yet their wartime choices led ultimately to their disenfranchisement and persecution following the Nazis' defeat.
The DRCOG Revision Guide
Authors: Ward Susan , Joels Lisa , Melrose Elaine , Vindla Srinivas
Published: April 2017

This text offers 350 up-to-date practice questions for the DRCOG examination written by examiners to help candidates maximise their chances of success. Each question is followed by the answer and explanations from the examiner, offering useful insight into how to refine techniques and respond effectively. Recommendations for additional reading and sources of information used to set questions are given, allowing readers to prepare thoroughly and find materials for further study where needed. A complete mock test paper is also provided to help strengthen time management skills, enabling every candidate to enter the exam with confidence and proficiency.
Thermonuclear Burst Observations for Model Comparisons: A Reference Sample
Authors: Galloway Duncan K. , Goodwin Adelle J. , Keek Laurens
Published: April 2017

We present observations of thermonuclear (type-I) X-ray bursts, selected for comparison with numerical models. We provide examples of four distinct cases of ignition: He-ignition in mixed H/He fuel (case 1); He-ignition in pure He fuel, following exhaustion of accreted H by steady burning (case 2); ignition in (almost) pure He accumulated from an evolved donor in an ultracompact system; and a superburst, thought to arise from ignition of carbon fuel produced as a by-product of H/He bursts. For regular bursts, we measured the recurrence time and calculated averaged burst profiles from RXTE observations. We also estimated the recurrence time for pairs of bursts, including those observed during a transient outburst, modelled using a numerical ignition code. For each example we list the burst properties including recurrence time, fluence, peak flux, the persistent flux level (and inferred accretion rate), and the ratio of persistent flux to fluence. In the accompanying material, we provide a bolometric lightcurve for each burst, determined from time-resolved spectral analysis. Along with the inferred or adopted parameters for each burst system, including distance, surface gravity, and redshift, these data are suggested as suitable test cases for ignition models.
The Behavioral Immune System Shapes Political Intuitions: Why and How Individual Differences in Disgust Sensitivity Underlie Opposition to Immigration
Authors: AARØE LENE , PETERSEN MICHAEL BANG , ARCENEAUX KEVIN
Published: April 2017

We present, test, and extend a theoretical framework that connects disgust, a powerful basic human emotion, to political attitudes through psychological mechanisms designed to protect humans from disease. These mechanisms work outside of conscious awareness, and in modern environments, they can motivate individuals to avoid intergroup contact by opposing immigration. We report a meta-analysis of previous tests in the psychological sciences and conduct, for the first time, a series of tests in nationally representative samples collected in the United States and Denmark that integrate the role of disgust and the behavioral immune system into established models of emotional processing and political attitude formation. In doing so, we offer an explanation for why peaceful integration and interaction between ethnic majority and minorities is so hard to achieve.
The Power to Nudge
Authors: SCHMIDT ANDREAS T.
Published: April 2017

Nudging policies rely on behavioral science to improve people's decisions through small changes in the environments within which people make choices. This article first seeks to rebut a prominent objection to this approach: furnishing governments with the power to nudge leads to relations of alien control, that is, relations in which some people can impose their will on others—a concern which resonates with republican, Kantian, and Rousseauvian theories of freedom and relational theories of autonomy. I respond that alien control can be avoided, if nudging is suitably transparent and democratically controlled. Moreover, such transparency and democratic control are institutionally feasible. Building on this response, I then provide a novel and surprising argument for more nudging: democratically controlled public policy nudging can often contain the power of private companies to nudge in uncontrolled and opaque ways. Therefore, reducing alien control often requires more rather than less nudging in public policy.
Is the U.S. Government a Corporation? The Corporate Origins of Modern Constitutionalism
Authors: CIEPLEY DAVID
Published: April 2017

The U.S. Constitution is best understood not as a “social contract,” but as a popularly issued corporate charter. The earliest American colonies were literal corporations of the Crown and, like all corporations, were ruled by limited governments established by their charters. From this, Americans derived their understanding of what a constitution is—the written charter of a sovereign that ordains and limits a government. The key Federalist innovation was to substitute the People for the King as the chartering sovereign. This effectively transferred the “governance technology” of the corporation to the civil government—including the practice of delegating authority via a written charter, charter amendment, and judicial review. Federalists used these corporate practices to frame a government that united seeming irreconcilables—a government energetic yet limited, republican yet mixed, popular yet antipopulist—yielding a corporate solution to the problem of arbitrary rule. Leading founders considered this new government a literal chartered corporation of the People.
A place to stand: Proverbs 8 and the construction of ecclesial space
Authors: Collett Donald
Published: April 2017

Recent debate over the question whether’amônin Proverbs 8:30 should be rendered in a passive or active sense is helpful for illuminating the nature of the interaction between theology and exegesis in biblical interpretation. This essay offers an assessment of this debate with a view towards clarifying its christological significance, arguing that the semantics and syntax of Proverbs 8:30, as well as the theological frame of reference established by verses 22–31, exert an ‘ontological pressure’ upon our understanding of divine identity in Proverbs 8. These considerations offer an alternative avenue of approach to the poem that honours the Old Testament's commitment to monotheism, while also allowing the Old Testament's own presentation to shape our understanding of the character of theLord’s oneness.
Augustine's immanent critique of Stoicism
Authors: Boersma Gerald P.
Published: April 2017

The broad contours of Augustine's critique of Stoic virtue theory in De civitate dei 19.4 finds a fascinating analogue in Theodor Adorno's theory of immanent critique: Augustine ‘enters’ into Stoic virtue theory and criticises it from its own postulates, illustrating the striking implausibility of Stoic orthodoxy when lived out in concreto and the absurd, but logical, conclusions to which one is necessarily carried by Stoic ethics. Through this deconstruction, Augustine clears a space to propose his own virtue ethic. Augustine maintains that a Stoic virtue ethic fails to deliver on its promised eudaimonistic ends because it lacks a robust eschatological vision. For Augustine, the Christian faith offers a more viable virtue ethic.
The importance of the doctrine of justification in the theology of Thomas F. Torrance and of Karl Barth
Authors: Molnar Paul D.
Published: April 2017

This discussion of the interaction between Thomas F. Torrance and Karl Barth first highlights how and why the doctrine of justification binds them together theologically, since each theologian applies this doctrine relentlessly to all aspects of theology. The article then explores how their views of religion illustrate their thinking. Finally, it considers two areas of disagreement between Barth and Torrance regarding the issue of subordination within the doctrine of the Trinity and the possibility of natural theology.
ANALYSIS OF MULTI-RESOURCE LOSS SYSTEM WITH STATE-DEPENDENT ARRIVAL AND SERVICE RATES
Authors: Naumov Valeriy , Samouylov Konstantin
Published: April 2017

In this paper, we study a generalization of the classical multi-dimensional Erlang loss model with state-dependent arrival and service rates, in which customers at arrival occupy random quantities of various resources and release them at departure. Total amount of resources allocated to customers cannot exceed predefined maximum levels. There can be two types of customers: positive customers, which occupy positive quantities of resources, and negative customers, which occupy negative quantities of resources. Negative customers increase the amount of resources available to positive customers and therefore decrease blocking of positive customers caused by lack of resources.