bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cancer Care Facilities Nurses Experience of Infection Control
Authors: Hyeon Yong Hwan , Moon Kyoung Ja
Published: February 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore cancer center nurses experience of infection control.Methods: From March 26 to 2019 to May 1, 2019 data were collected through focus group interviews and in-depth interviews. Data collected though interviews and field notes were analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological method. Participants were 12 registered nurses and 2 head nurses.Results: Fifteen themes emerged from four themes clusters. 1) Encountering barriers to infection control. 2) Infection control is still difficult. 3) Complaints about Infection Control Department exist. 4) Need to consider strategies for improving infection control.Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that in order to facilitate infection control and increase the compliance rate of the guidelines, it is necessary to develop a program to increase the individual's competency associated with infection control and the elimination of negative factors. Further, mediation of external factors related to the hospital environment is necessary.
Evidence-based Clinical Nursing Practice Guideline for Management of Inpatient Falls: Adopting the Guideline Adaptation Process
Authors: Cho Insook , Park Kyung Hee , Suh Minhee , Kim Eun Man
Published: February 2020

Purpose: Despite research efforts, current fall rates are still higher than expected. To approach this problem, we developed guidelines on preventing falls in hospitals.Methods: Four guidelines were selected by the K-AGREE II process. Recommendations from each guideline were retrieved and evaluated based on the quality of evidence and the strength of the recommendations. Recommendations followed the grading system of the Korean Hospital Nurses Association’s Guideline Adaptation Manual. In the external review, 13 practice nurses from 5 hospitals and 13 panel experts including doctors, nursing managers, and pharmacists participated.Results: The final guideline consisted of 5 sections and 341 recommendations. The first two sections were composed of recommendations for institutional readiness for change process and management, and Section 3 was divided into assessment of risk factors, preventive intervention and post-fall management. The summary of falls risk factors included seven components. Multifaceted interventions were modeled into six strategies. The final sections consisted of recommendations for implementing fall improvement programs and for sustaining effective prevention programs.Conclusion: Given that falls result from various combinations of risk factors, the present guideline contains multifaceted assessments and interventions including risk-targeted strategy. This guideline will contribute to decreasing fall rates in hospitals by stimulating compliance with evidence-based practice.
Factors Affecting Quality of Life in Patients with Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm: A Systematic Review
Authors: Park Hayoung , Choi Jinyoung , Chu Sang Hui
Published: February 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to comprehensively explore factors affecting quality of life in patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA).Methods: This study was conducted base on the National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency (NECA) and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). To search studies related to quality of life in patients with UIA. KoreaMed, Kmbase, Kiss, Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central and CINAHL were used. Key words were 'unruptured intracranial aneurysm', 'quality of life' and 'well-being'. A total of 136 studies were identified. After confirming duplication and abstracts, 15 studies were selected for analysis.Results: As a result, factors affecting the quality of life in patients with UIA were categorized into individual factors, disease related factors, symptom related factors, and functional related factors. The Short form-36 was one of the most frequently used measurements.Conclusion: To improve the quality of life of patients with UIA, researchers need to explore the multiple factors affecting quality of life in patients with UIA, and consider application of tools that can reflect the disease specific quality of life in patients with UIA.
Implementing a Clinical Pathway for Paediatric Mental Health Care in the Emergency Department
Authors: McCabe Erin M. , Lightbody Teresa Katherine , Mummery Christine , Coloumbe Angela , GermAnn Kathy , Lent Beverly , Black Laurene , Graham Kathryn E. R. , Gross Douglas P. , Miciak Maxi
Published: February 2020

Practitioners in emergency departments across Canada are challenged with providing quality mental health (MH) care for children and youth despite increased demand for services. Coordinated service strategies, such as clinical pathways, are needed to effectively manage paediatric MH disorders. Practitioners in a children’s hospital emergency department implemented a pathway to improve the care of children and youth with MH conditions. This paper describes an external evaluation of practitioner and stakeholder experiences of the initiative as well as the implementation process, then explores current state and lessons learned. The paper provides a unique contribution to the practitioner-led implementation literature.
Association of Clinicopathological Features with Lymph Node Metastasis: A Cross Sectional Study of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Abidi Fizza , Hosein Mervyn , Butt Saima Akram , Zaidi Abeeha Batool , Anjum Angbeen , Fatima Sana
Published: February 2020

Aims: The aim of this study is to determine association between lymph node metastasis and various clinico-pathological parameters in order to predict their future prognosis of cancer patients.

Study Design: Cross sectional study design.

Place and Duration of Study: Ziauddin Hospital, North Nazimabad campus, Karachi.

Methodology: November 2018 to September 2019.

Results: The present study enrolled 140 OSCC patients visiting Ziauddin University of which 30 (21.4%) were females and 110 (78.6%) were male patients. The mean age of patients was 46.99 ± 12.26. The buccal mucosa was the most common site observed 93 (66.4%). The mean size of tumour was 4.05 ± 2.261 mm, mean thickness was 1.70 ±1.32 mm. It was found that lymph node metastasis was not present in 66 (47.1%) of OSCC cases, 22 (15.7%) cases were found N1, 9(6.4%) N2a, 27(19.3%) N2b, 3 (2.1%) and 13(9.3%) N3.

Significant association was found between age and lymph node metastasis: (P 0.02); however, gender showed no significant association. (P 0.149). Thickness of tumor, site of tumor, peri-neural invasion, lympho-vascular invasion and bone penetration showed significant association with lymph node metastasis with (P 0.040, 0.021, 0.016, 0.00 and 0.001) respectively.

Conclusion: Our study showed significant association of lymph node involvement with tumour staging, tumour thickness, lymphovascular involvement, perineural invasion and bone penetration. Our suggestion is to incorporate these clinic-pathological variables while determining the treatment and prognosis of Oral squamous cell Carcinoma (OSCC). Given the very high incidence and prevalence of Oral Cancer in our country and the region further multi-centered researches should be carried out and with larger sample sizes. Early diagnosis and restrictions on smokeless tobacco products can limit the occurrence and progression of OSCC.
Small and Medium Enterprises Investment Vehicles in Nigeria: The Challenges and Prospect
Authors: Eze Gbalam Peter , Johnny Nelson
Published: February 2020

This study stands to find out the various investment vehicles in the Small and Medium enterprises (SME) sector in Nigeria. The research also ascertained the challenges confronting investors to invest in the identified investment vehicles in the SME subdivision. The research utilized both interpersonal interview and desk research approach and reviewed related epistles on the phenomenon to provide conceptual evidence. The paper observed that there are numerous investment vehicles in the SME sector that potential and existing investors can benefit from. The viability of the SME subdivision has a great influence on the growth of the overall economy of a nation. The research recommended in line with the evidence from the reviewed papers and the drawn conclusion that, government should provide enabling economic, political and socio-cultural environment to influence investors to invest in the SME sector in Nigeria. Government should reduce the multiple tax options and implement policy that will regulate those imposing unnecessary dues on the SME sector in Nigeria. Government should provide the basic infrastructural needs to enable SME sector to operate effectively in Nigeria. Government should do more to provide security gadgets everywhere in Nigeria to detect the bad gangs, armed robbers, etc. so as to reduce insecurity.
THE INFLUENCE OF VEGETATION TO INDOOR ILLUMINANCE, AIR TEMPERATURE AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY IN DESIGN STUDIO (Case Study: Architecture Department, Petra Christian University, Surabaya)
Authors: Widigdo Wanda K. , Hartono Samuel , Kristanto Luciana , Mintorogo Danny Santoso
Published: February 2020

This research aimed to find the influence of vegetation outside the window to indoor light and thermal in Design studio, Architecture department of Petra Christian University, Surabaya. The vegetation was Shibataea kumasasa, cultivated in planter boxes, 90-100 centimeter high. The data was collected from the West and North window, for condition with and without vegetation outside the window. The measurement was taken on March until May 2019, using Hobo U12-012 data logger for measuring air temperature (°C), relative humidity (%) and illuminance (lux). Beside those physical measurement, the perception of 89 students as building user was also taken. The measurement result from windows facing West and North with the vegetation, the lowest indoor air temperature was 27°C with an average relative humidity of 70%. Meant it's at the upper edge of the comfort zoneof Bioclimatic Chart from Olgyay and Canada’s National Occupational Health & Safety Resource (CCOHS), so the indoor space was still uncomfortable and cooling was required to get into the comfort zone at warm humid climate. Result from lighting measurements obtained for west-oriented windows with vegetation outside the window, the highest illuminance was 350 lux at 02:45 pm, as well as for windows facing North at 07.30 am - 04.45 pm in range of 105 - 155 lux (highest). So, if there are vegetation outside windows, it will require electric lighting addition, because the illuminance are below the SNI 03-6197-2011which recommends 750 lux for design studio. Whilst the user respond from the questionnaire taken, stated that aesthetic vegetation was expected for natural element, blocked the penetration of solar radiation into indoor, and reduce glare to increase visual comfort without reducing luminous sufficiency for the visual activities in the design studio.
Network‐Based Modeling of Transport Phenomena in Solid and Fluid Phases of Open‐Cell Foams: Construction of Graphs
Authors: Louati Haithem , Scheuermann Tobias , Maschke Bernhard , Zanota Marie-Line , Vicente Jerome , Kotyczka Paul , Pitault Isabelle
Published: February 2020

From 3D X‐ray computed images and using iMorph software, two graphs are derived from the solid and fluid networks of open‐cell foams. The graphs are constructed based on the foam structure, which satisfies Plateau's laws. We have defined two types of graphs: 1) the representative graphs of solid and fluid phase networks: The graph of the solid phase is, intuitively, constructed by associating vertices to nodes and edges to struts. For the graph of the fluid phase, vertices are associated with porous cells and edges to throats at the interface of two cells. 2) the coupling graph is related to transfer phenomena between the fluid and solid phases: It is constructed by associating effective edges, which connect a vertex of the solid graph with an adjacent vertex of the fluid graph. The graphs lead to discrete element representation (topology preserving) with geometrical information of the foam structure. Physical variables can be attributed to the discrete objects called cell complex: internal energy to finite volume, heat flux to surface/interface, driving force to edge, and temperature to node. This alternative modeling approach based on graphs is promising for heterogeneous systems with large sizes as it reduces the computational complexity of conventional finite element meshing.
Deterministic Magnetization Switching Using Lateral Spin–Orbit Torque
Authors: Cao Yi , Sheng Yu , Edmonds Kevin William , Ji Yang , Zheng Houzhi , Wang Kaiyou
Published: February 2020

Current‐induced magnetization switching by spin–orbit torque (SOT) holds considerable promise for next generation ultralow‐power memory and logic applications. In most cases, generation of spin–orbit torques has relied on an external injection of out‐of‐plane spin currents into the magnetic layer, while an external magnetic field along the electric current direction is generally required for realizing deterministic switching by SOT. Here, deterministic current‐induced SOT full magnetization switching by lateral spin–orbit torque in zero external magnetic field is reported. The Pt/Co/Pt magnetic structure is locally annealed by a laser track along the in‐plane current direction, resulting in a lateral Pt gradient within the ferromagnetic layer, as confirmed by microstructure and chemical composition analysis. In zero magnetic field, the direction of the deterministic current‐induced magnetization switching depends on the location of the laser track, but shows no dependence on the net polarization of external out‐of‐plane spin currents. From the behavior under external magnetic fields, two independent mechanisms giving rise to SOT are identified, i.e., the lateral Pt–Co asymmetry as well as out‐of‐plane injected spin currents, where the polarization and the magnitude of the SOT in the former case depends on the relative location and the laser power of the annealing track.
Recent Developments on Emerging Properties, Growth Approaches, and Advanced Applications of Metallic 2D Layered Vanadium Dichalcogenides
Authors: Samal Rutuparna , Rout Chandra Sekhar
Published: February 2020

The electronic structures of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) has a strong dependency on the d‐band electrons of the central metal (M) atom. In particular, trigonal prismatic coordinated (2H) and octahedral coordinated (1T) phases with distinct crystal structure‐property relationships. Extraordinarily diverse electrical properties ranging from semiconducting, semimetallic to intrinsic metallic basically underlie from different Fermi level locations. Amid all TMDs, most specifically metallic VX2 possess plenty of interesting physical properties among them superconductivity, electrical conductivity, charge density wave, optical and magnetism etc. have offered intriguing applications in the fields of condensed matter physics, materials and device physics over the last few decades. Further modification of these materials by defect engineering, Li intercalation, electron beam/light irradiation, alloying and dimensional tuning can lead several tunable device applications. Due to their superior mechanical flexibility, controllable electrical properties, planar fabrication and high surface to volume ratio etc., 2D metallic TMDs materials emerge as active material for sensing, energy storage, conversion and field emission applications. This review article aims to provide the insights on the recent developments of different emerging properties, growth approaches and applications of 2D metallic VX2 (X = S, Se and Te) and its heterojunctions.
Fiber‐Optic SERS Probes Fabricated Using Two‐Photon Polymerization For Rapid Detection of Bacteria
Authors: Kim Jang Ah , Wales Dominic J. , Thompson Alex J. , Yang Guang‐Zhong
Published: February 2020

This study presents a novel fiber‐optic surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) probe (SERS‐on‐a‐tip) fabricated using a simple, two‐step protocol based on off‐the‐shelf components and materials, with a high degree of controllability and repeatability. Two‐photon polymerization and subsequent metallization are adopted to fabricate a range of SERS arrays on both planar substrates and end‐facets of optical fibers. For the SERS‐on‐a‐tip probes, a limit of detection of 10−7 m (Rhodamine 6G) and analytical enhancement factors of up to 1300 are obtained by optimizing the design, geometry, and alignment of the SERS arrays on the tip of the optical fiber. Furthermore, strong repeatability and consistency are achieved for the fabricated SERS arrays, demonstrating that the technique may be suitable for large‐scale fabrication procedures in the future. Finally, rapid SERS detection of live Escherichia coli cells is demonstrated using integration times in the milliseconds to seconds range. This result indicates strong potential for in vivo diagnostic use, particularly for detection of infections. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, this represents the first report of detection of live, unlabeled bacteria using a fiber‐optic SERS probe.
Molecular Design of Single‐Atom Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Wan Chengzhang , Duan Xiangfeng , Huang Yu
Published: February 2020

Fuel cells are highly attractive for direct chemical‐to‐electrical energy conversion and represent the ultimate mobile power supply solution. However, presently, fuel cells are limited by the sluggish kinetics of the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which requires the use of Pt as a catalyst, thus significantly increasing the overall cost of the cells. Recently, nonprecious metal single‐atom catalysts (SACs) with high ORR activity under both acidic and alkaline conditions have been recognized as promising cost‐effective alternatives to replace Pt in fuel cells. Considerable efforts have been devoted to further improving the ORR activity of SACs, including tailoring the coordination structure of the metal centers, enriching the concentration of the metal centers, and engineering the electronic structure and porosity of the substrate. Herein, a brief introduction to fuel cells and fundamentals of the ORR parameters of SACs and the origin of their high activity is provided, followed by a detailed review of the recently developed strategies used to optimize the ORR activity of SACs in both rotating disk electrode and membrane electrode assembly tests. Remarks and perspectives on the remaining challenges and future directions of SACs for the development of commercial fuel cells are also presented.
Observational learning in food choices: The effect of product familiarity and closeness of peers
Authors: Edenbrandt Anna K. , Gamborg Christian , Jellesmark Thorsen Bo
Published: February 2020

The behavior among peers may be interpreted as useful information in individuals' decision processes, although such observational learning is typically not accommodated in consume choice models. This study incorporates information about other consumers' behavior in a choice experiment to evaluate if it affects choice probabilities. Market share is used as a proxy to signal that a product is chosen by many of the individual's peers. Although the effect is associated with diversity, there is a segment of individuals that perceive high market shares to carry relevant information for their food purchasing decision. Respondents who expect to hold similar or more positive preferences towards an unfamiliar food attribute relative to their peers are positively affected by a high market share. Taking information signals from peers' behavior into account may improve understanding of consumer behavior and improve our ability to predict the reception of new food aspects. [EconLit Citations: Q18; D12; D83].
What makes a long tail short? Testing Allen's rule in the toque macaques of Sri Lanka
Authors: Huffman Michael A. , Kumara Raveendra , Kawamoto Yoshi , Jayaweera Prasad M. , Bardi Massimo , Nahallage Charmalie A. D.
Published: February 2020

Allen's rule (1877) predicts ecogeographical anatomical variation in appendage proportions as a function of body temperature regulation. This phenomenon has been tested in a variety of animal species. In macaques, relative tail length (RTL) is one of the most frequently measured appendages to test Allen's rule. These studies have relied on museum specimens or the invasive and time‐consuming capturing of free‐ranging individuals. To augment sample size and lessen these logistical limitations, we designed and validated a novel noninvasive technique using digitalized photographs processed using LibreCAD, an open‐source 2D‐computer‐aided design (CAD) application. This was used to generate pixelated measurements to calculate an RTL equivalent, the Tail to Trunk Index (TTI) = (tail [tail base to anterior tip] pixel count/trunk [neck to tail base] pixel count). The TTI of 259 adult free‐ranging toque macaques (Macaca sinica) from 36 locations between 7 and 2,087 m above sea level (m.a.s.l.) was used in the analysis. Samples were collected from all three putative subspecies (M. s. sinica, aurifrons, and opisthomelas), at locations representing all altitudinal climatic zones where they are naturally distributed. These data were used to test whether toque macaque tail length variation across elevation follows Allen's rule, predicting that RTL decreases with increasing elevation and lower temperature. Our results strongly supported this prediction. There was also a statistically significant, negative correlation between elevation and annual average temperature. The best predictor for the TTI index was elevation. Significant subspecies differences in RTL are linked in part to their ecological and altitudinal niche separation, but overall the variation is seen as the species' adaptation to climate. The method developed for the quick morphometric assessment of relative body proportions, applicable for use on unhabituated free‐ranging animals, widens the range of materials available for research studying morphological characteristics and their evolution in primates.
Propoxylation of fatty amines: Switching from batch to flow
Authors: Müller Pia , Aguirre Alejo , Ljungdahl Thomas , van der Schaaf John
Published: February 2020

The ethoxylation and propoxylation of fatty amines are important industrial reactions commonly performed in de‐intensified semi‐batch reactors. The present study aims to intensify these reactions by transferring the process to continuous processing. Therefore, the propoxylation of octylamine, as model system, was performed in a batch reactor and in a micro tubular reactor. The micro tubular reactor operated with a single liquid phase at 15 bar pressure. The batch study found valuable kinetic and solubility information in the temperature range of 120°C‐160°C. Moreover, a switch‐flow method in the micro tubular reactor combined with inline FTIR gave a more detailed understanding of the reaction kinetics. In the micro tubular reactor, all PO was added in the feed according to stoichiometry, which led to a process intensification factor of 3.7 compared to fed‐batch gas phase addition at maximum 2 bar.
Water Triggers Hydrogen‐Bond‐Network Reshaping in the Glycoaldehyde Dimer
Authors: Pérez Cristóbal , Steber Amanda L. , Temelso Berhane , Kisiel Zbigniew , Schnell Melanie
Published: February 2020

Carbohydrates are ubiquitous biomolecules in nature. The vast majority of their biomolecular activity takes place in aqueous environments. Molecular reactivity and functionality are, therefore, often strongly influenced by not only interactions with equivalent counterparts, but also with the surrounding water molecules. Glycoaldehyde (Gly) represents a prototypical system to identify the relevant interactions and the balance that governs them. Here we present a broadband rotational‐spectroscopy study on the stepwise hydration of the Gly dimer with up to three water molecules. We reveal the preferred hydrogen‐bond networks formed when water molecules sequentially bond to the sugar dimer. We observe that the dimer structure and the hydrogen‐bond networks at play remarkably change upon the addition of just a single water molecule to the dimer. Further addition of water molecules does not significantly alter the observed hydrogen‐bond topologies.
Formation of Azulene‐Embedded Nanographene: Naphthalene to Azulene Rearrangement During the Scholl Reaction
Authors: Han Yi , Xue Zibo , Li Guangwu , Gu Yanwei , Ni Yong , Dong Shaoqiang , Chi Chunyan
Published: February 2020

Incorporation of a non‐hexagonal ring into a nanographene framework can lead to new electronic properties. During the attempted synthesis of naphthalene‐bridged double [6]helicene and heptagon‐containing nanographene by the Scholl reaction, an unexpected azulene‐embedded nanographene and its triflyloxylated product were obtained, as confirmed by X‐ray crystallographic analysis and 2D NMR spectroscopy. A 5/7/7/5 ring‐fused substructure containing two formal azulene units is formed, but only one of them shows an azulene‐like electronic structure. The formation of this unique structure is explained by arenium ion mediated 1,2‐phenyl migration and a naphthalene to azulene rearrangement reaction according to an in‐silico study. This report represents the first experimental example of the thermodynamically unfavorable naphthalene to azulene rearrangement and may lead to new azulene‐based molecular materials.
High‐Throughput Proteomics Enabled by a Photocleavable Surfactant
Authors: Brown Kyle A. , Tucholski Trisha , Eken Christian , Knott Samantha , Zhu Yanlong , Jin Song , Ge Ying
Published: February 2020

Mass spectrometry (MS)‐based proteomics provides unprecedented opportunities for understanding the structure and function of proteins in complex biological systems; however, protein solubility and sample preparation before MS remain a bottleneck preventing high‐throughput proteomics. Herein, we report a high‐throughput bottom‐up proteomic method enabled by a newly developed MS‐compatible photocleavable surfactant, 4‐hexylphenylazosulfonate (Azo) that facilitates robust protein extraction, rapid enzymatic digestion (30 min compared to overnight), and subsequent MS‐analysis following UV degradation. Moreover, we developed an Azo‐aided bottom‐up method for analysis of integral membrane proteins, which are key drug targets and are generally underrepresented in global proteomic studies. Furthermore, we demonstrated the ability of Azo to serve as an “all‐in‐one” MS‐compatible surfactant for both top‐down and bottom‐up proteomics, with streamlined workflows for high‐throughput proteomics amenable to clinical applications.
Manipulating Layered P2@P3 Integrated Spinel Structure Evolution for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhu Yan‐Fang , Xiao Yao , Hua Wei‐Bo , Indris Sylvio , Dou Shi‐Xue , Guo Yu‐Guo , Chou Shu‐Lei
Published: February 2020

Structural evolution of the cathode during cycling plays a vital role in the electrochemical performance of sodium‐ion batteries. A strategy based on engineering the crystal structure coupled with chemical substitution led to the design of the layered P2@P3 integrated spinel oxide cathode Na0.5Ni0.1Co0.15Mn0.65Mg0.1O2, which shows excellent sodium‐ion half/full battery performance. Combined analyses involving scanning transmission electron microscopy with atomic resolution as well as in situ synchrotron‐based X‐ray absorption spectra and in situ synchrotron‐based X‐ray diffraction patterns led to visualization of the inherent layered P2@P3 integrated spinel structure, charge compensation mechanism, structural evolution, and phase transition. This study provides an in‐depth understanding of the structure‐performance relationship in this structure and opens up a novel field based on manipulating structural evolution for the design of high‐performance battery cathodes.
Oriented (Local) Electric Fields Drive the Millionfold Enhancement of the H‐Abstraction Catalysis Observed for Synthetic Metalloenzyme Analogues
Authors: Stuyver Thijs , Ramanan Rajeev , Mallick Dibyendu , Shaik Sason
Published: February 2020

This contribution follows the recent remarkable catalysis observed by Groves et al. in hydrogen‐abstraction reactions by a) an oxoferryl porphyrin radical‐cation complex [Por⋅+FeIV(O)Lax] and b) a hydroxoiron porphyrazine ferric complex [PyPzFeIII(OH)Lax], both of which involve positively charged substituents on the outer circumference of the respective macrocyclic ligands. These charge‐coronated complexes are analogues of the biologically important Compound I (Cpd I) and synthetic hydroxoferric species, respectively. We demonstrate that the observed enhancement of the H‐abstraction catalysis for these systems is a purely electrostatic effect, elicited by the local charges embedded on the peripheries of the respective macrocyclic ligands. Our findings provide new insights into how electrostatics can be employed to tune the catalytic activity of metalloenzymes and can thus contribute to the future design of new and highly efficient hydrogen‐abstraction catalysts.
Synthesis of Small‐Molecule Fluorescent Probes for the In Vitro Imaging of Calcium‐Activated Potassium Channel KCa3.1
Authors: Brömmel Kathrin , Maskri Sarah , Maisuls Ivan , Konken Christian Paul , Rieke Marius , Pethő Zoltan , Strassert Cristian A. , Koch Oliver , Schwab Albrecht , Wünsch Bernhard
Published: February 2020

Small‐molecule probes for the in vitro imaging of KCa3.1 channel‐expressing cells were developed. Senicapoc, showing high affinity and selectivity for the KCa3.1 channels, was chosen as the targeting component. BODIPY dyes 15–20 were synthesized and connected by a CuI‐catalyzed azide–alkyne [3+2]cycloaddition with propargyl ether senicapoc derivative 8, yielding fluorescently labeled ligands 21–26. The dimethylpyrrole‐based imaging probes 25 and 26 allow staining of KCa3.1 channels in NSCLC cells. The specificity was shown by removing the punctate staining pattern by pre‐incubation with senicapoc. The density of KCa3.1 channels detected with 25 and by immunostaining was identical. The punctate structure of the labeled channels could also be observed in living cells. Molecular modeling showed binding of the senicapoc‐targeting component towards the binding site within the ion channel and orientation of the linker with the dye along the inner surface of the ion channel.
Reconstructing the history of ocean wildlife around Ascension Island
Authors: Burns Polly , Hawkins Julie , Roberts Callum
Published: February 2020

In 2016, the UK government announced plans for a large‐scale Marine Protected Area around Ascension Island, a UK Overseas Territory in the South Atlantic.

To improve baselines for marine life to support ambitious conservation and assess change over time, archives were searched for historical accounts of wildlife from Ascension's discovery in 1501 to the present. For more recent changes, 139 interviews with past and present inhabitants were conducted.

Ascension's marine life has, from first discovery to the present, been consistently remarked upon for its exceptional abundance. Historical sources indicate declines in seabird and turtle populations from human exploitation and introduction of rats and cats. They are recovering with good management, although still below pre‐settlement abundance.

Interviews with residents indicate more recent changes, notably declines in catch per unit of fishing effort at popular shore angling sites, a decline in yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and increase in Galapagos sharks (Carcharhinus galapagensis).

What is very notable, however, based on the interviews, was that there was no temporal signal suggestive of recent systemic decline, in marked contrast to many parts of the world where recent wildlife declines have been pervasive and steep. Ascension represents a remarkable and immensely important centre of abundance in a sea of depletion and change, warranting full protection for all the island's waters.
Student engagement as a mediator of the effects of socio‐economic status on academic performance among secondary school students in Australia
Authors: Tomaszewski Wojtek , Xiang Ning , Western Mark
Published: February 2020

In this article, we contribute to understanding of the mechanisms through which students’ socio‐economic family background can translate into academic performance by focusing on the concept of student engagement. Drawing on theoretical perspectives from disciplines across the social sciences, and a major nationally representative dataset from Australia, which links survey responses with administrative records on school performance, we conduct a series of multiple regression models to investigate the mediating role of student engagement on the relationship between students’ socio‐economic status (SES) and academic achievement. We find that, first, low‐SES students show lower levels of engagement than other students, particularly in terms of behavioural and cognitive aspects; they also have lower achievement levels as measured by standardised test scores. We further find that lower engagement is associated with lower achievement levels, and that the effects of SES on achievement are partially mediated through student engagement. Although there are clearly other mechanisms in place that operate at the same time, it is important to focus on student engagement since it can be directly influenced by teachers and school leaders, as well as curriculum choices and school resources. This makes it a ripe target for government policies aimed at improving educational outcomes for students from low‐SES families, compared with approaches targeting the influences of family environment or peer groups.
The congenital cataract‐causing mutations P20R and A171T are associated with important changes in the amyloidogenic feature, structure and chaperone‐like activity of human αB‐crystallin
Authors: Ghahramani Maryam , Yousefi Reza , Niazi Ali , Kurganov Boris
Published: February 2020

Cataract is the major reason for human blindness worldwide. α‐Crystallin, as a key chaperone of eye lenses, keeps the lenticular tissues in its transparent state over time. In this study, cataract‐causing familial mutations, P20R and A171T, were introduced in CRYАB gene. After successful expression in Escherichia coli and subsequent purification, the recombinant proteins were subjected to extensive structural and functional analyses using various spectroscopic techniques, gel electrophoresis, and electron microscopy. The results of fluorescence and Raman assessments suggest important but discreet conformational changes in human αB‐Cry upon these cataractogenic mutations. Furthermore, the mutant proteins exhibited significant secondary structural alteration as revealed by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. An increase in conformational stability was seen in the human αB‐Cry bearing these congenital cataractogenic mutations. The oligomeric size distribution and chaperone‐like activity of human αB‐Cry were significantly altered by these mutations. The P20R mutant protein was observed to loose most of the chaperone‐like activity. Finally, these cataractogenic mutant proteins exhibited an increased propensity to form the amyloid fibrils when incubated under environmental stress. Overall, the structural and functional changes in mutated human αB‐Cry proteins can shed light on the pathogenic development of congenital cataracts.
The efficacy of modified jailed balloon technique for true bifurcation lesions
Authors: Shishido Koki , Moriyama Noriaki , Hayashi Takahiro , Yokota Shohei , Miyashita Hirokazu , Mashimo Yuka , Yokoyama Hiroaki , Nishimoto Takashi , Ochiai Tomoki , Tobita Kazuki , Yamanaka Futoshi , Mizuno Shingo , Tanaka Yutaka , Murakami Masato , Takahashi Saeko , Saito Shigeru
Published: February 2020

Objective

To evaluate the short‐, long‐term clinical and angiographic outcomes after treatment of true bifurcation lesions using a modified jailed balloon technique (MJBT).

Background

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for true bifurcation lesions has high risk for adverse events. Side branch (SB) occlusion is one of the most serious complications. Therefore, novel strategies to avoid SB occlusion during main branch stenting and to keep its patency are important.

Methods and Results

Between February 2015 and February 2018, 328 patients with 349 true bifurcation lesions underwent PCI using MJBT. True bifurcation lesions were defined as Medina classifications (1.1.1), (1.0.1) or (0.1.1) lesions. We investigated the procedural and long‐term clinical outcomes. Furthermore, angiographic outcomes were assessed at follow‐up diagnostic angiography.

The mean age of patients was 71.6 ± 9.9 years. Procedural success was achieved in all patients; postoperative SB occlusion was noted in only one patient (0.3%). The cumulative incidence of all‐cause death was 23 patients (7.0%) in the follow‐up period (median 717 days). Target lesion revascularization was performed in 19 patients (5.8%) with 23 lesions (6.6%), and 0.6% of myocardial infarction and 0% of definite stent thrombosis were observed. Angiographic follow‐up was performed in 243 patients (74.1%); the percent diameter stenosis in SB was not significantly different between after the index procedure and follow‐up angiography.

Conclusions

This MJBT is safe and effective in preserving SB patency for true bifurcation lesions. Furthermore, long‐term clinical and angiographic outcomes after MJBT are feasible.
Survival benefit of revascularization versus optimal medical therapy alone for chronic total occlusion management in patients with diabetes
Authors: Flores‐Umanzor Eduardo J. , Cepas‐Guillen Pedro L. , Vázquez Sara , Fernandez‐Valledor Andrea , Ivey‐Miranda Juan , Izquierdo Marc , Caldentey Guillem , Jimenez‐Britez Gustavo , Regueiro Ander , Freixa Xavier , Farrero Marta , Ferreira‐González Ignacio , Martin‐Yuste Victoria , Sabaté Manel
Published: February 2020

Background

Chronic total occlusion (CTO) is common in patients with diabetes mellitus. Data on the long‐term outcomes after treatment of CTOs in this high‐risk population are scarce.

Aim

To compare the long‐term clinical outcomes of CTO revascularization either by coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) or successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) versus optimal medical treatment (MT) alone in patients with diabetes.

Methods and Results

A total of 538 consecutive patients with diabetes and at least one CTO were identified from 2010 to 2014 in our center. In the present analysis, patients were stratified according to the CTO treatment strategy that was selected. MT was selected in 61% of patients whereas revascularization in the remaining 39%. Patients undergoing revascularization were younger, had higher left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), lower ACEF score, and more positive myocardial ischemia detection results compared to the MT group (p < .001).Patients referred for CABG had higher rates of left main disease compared to the PCI and MT groups (32% vs. 3% and 11%, respectively; p < .001). Complete revascularization was more often achieved in the CABG group, compared to the PCI group (62% vs. 32% p < .001). Multivariable analysis showed that revascularization with CABG was associated with lower rates of all‐cause and cardiac mortality rates compared to MT, [hazard ratio (HR) 0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.25–0.70, p < .001 and HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.20–81, p = .011, respectively]. Successful CTO‐PCI showed a trend towards benefit in all‐cause mortality (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.33–1.04, p = .06).

Conclusion

In our registry, CTO revascularization in diabetic patients, especially with CABG, was associated with lower long‐term mortality rates as compared to MT alone.
Early clinical experience with the straight design of Venus P‐valve™ in dysfunctional right ventricular outflow tracts
Authors: Morgan Gareth J. , Sivakumar Kothandam , Promphan Worakan , Goreczny Sebastian , Prachasilchai Pimpak , Qureshi Shakeel
Published: February 2020

Objectives

To assess the initial procedural and short to medium‐term experience with the straight design of the Venus P‐valve™ (Venus MedTech, Hangzhou, China) in dysfunctional right ventricular outflow tracts (RVOT).

Background

The Melody™ valve (Medtronic, Minneapolis, Minnesota) has been the only percutaneous valve option for smaller RVOT conduits. The straight Venus P‐valve™ may provide an alternative to the Melody™ valve.

Methods

Retrospective data collection of patient characteristics, procedural data, clinical and imaging follow‐up of the straight Venus P‐valve™.

Results

Nine patients (four female) with a mean age of 23.1 ± 7.5 years and a mean weight of 72.7 ± 29.4 kg underwent straight Venus P‐valve™ implantation between 03/2014 and 06/2016. All patients had right ventricle‐to‐pulmonary artery conduits which were pre‐stented before the valve implantation. All valves were deployed successfully without any significant procedural complications. During the mean follow‐up of 24 ± 9.1 months, there were no valve related re‐interventions or deterioration in valve performance. There was one case of insignificant, single wire frame fracture and no cases of endocarditis. The cohort demonstrated a reduction in pulmonary regurgitation and tricuspid regurgitation, which was sustained throughout the follow‐up. Similarly the gradient across the RVOT tract did not significantly increase.

Conclusions

Implantation of the straight Venus P‐valve™ has provided satisfactory short to mid‐term results with high success rates and no complications and may be considered as an alternative option in patients with RVOT dysfunction.
Adsorption Properties of Activated Tire Pyrolysis Chars for Phenol and Chlorophenols
Authors: Kuśmierek Krzysztof , Świątkowski Andrzej , Kotkowski Tomasz , Cherbański Robert , Molga Eugeniusz
Published: February 2020

The adsorption of phenol (Ph), 4‐chlorophenol (4CP), and 2,4‐dichlorophenol (DCP) from aqueous solutions on activated tire pyrolysis chars (ATPCs) was studied in a batch system, including both kinetics and equilibrium. Different kinetic models and adsorption isotherms were used to describe the adsorption behavior of the phenols. The kinetic study shows that the process can be described by a pseudo‐second‐order model. The best fitting results for the equilibrium adsorption data were obtained with the Sips isotherm. Adsorption of the selected phenols on all of the adsorbents increased in the order Ph < 4CP < DCP. The effect of ionic strength and pH on the adsorption was also studied. The results show that the ATPCs could be used as adsorbents for the removal of phenols from aqueous solutions.
Barium‐Catalysed Dehydrocoupling of Hydrosilanes and Borinic Acids: A Mechanistic Insight
Authors: Le Coz Erwann , Zhang Ziyun , Roisnel Thierry , Cavallo Luigi , Falivene Laura , Carpentier Jean‐François , Sarazin Yann
Published: February 2020

Invited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Yann Sarazin at the University of Rennes and Laura Falivene at the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology. The image depicts two barium figures working in tandem to mimic the dinuclear nature of the active species in the catalytic cycle described in the manuscript. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201904933.
Exchange‐Biasing in a Dinuclear Dysprosium(III) Single‐Molecule Magnet with a Large Energy Barrier for Magnetisation Reversal
Authors: Han Tian , Giansiracusa Marcus J. , Li Zi‐Han , Ding You‐Song , Chilton Nicholas F. , Winpenny Richard E. P. , Zheng Yan‐Zhen
Published: February 2020

A dichlorido‐bridged dinuclear dysprosium(III) single‐molecule magnet [Dy2L2(μ‐Cl)2(thf)2] has been made by using a diamine‐bis(phenolate) ligand, H2L. Magnetic studies show an energy barrier for magnetisation reversal (Ueff) around 1000 K. An exchange‐biasing effect is clearly seen in magnetic hysteresis with steps up to 3 K. Ab initio calculations exclude the possibility of a pure dipolar origin of this effect leading to the conclusion that super‐exchange through the chloride bridging ligands is important.
Sn‐Based Alloys Synthesized in an Ionic Liquid at Room Temperature: Cu6Sn5 as a Case Study
Authors: Soulmi Nadia , Porras Gutierrez Ana Gabriela , Rizzi Cécile , Sirieix‐Plénet Juliette , Gaillon Laurent , Groult Henri , Rollet Anne‐Laure , Umut Evrim , Kruk Danuta , Duttine Mathieu , Borkiewicz Olaf. J. , Lebedev Oleg I. , Dambournet Damien
Published: February 2020

Sn‐based alloys are increasingly investigated owing to possible electronic/structural modulations of interest for electrocatalysis and energy storage applications. Here, we report on the use of a chemical system consisting of an ionic liquid (1‐ethyl‐3‐ methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide: [EMIm+][TFSI−]) and Sn‐based precursor Sn(TFSI)2 both featuring similar anionic groups. This strategy increases the solubility of the cationic precursor in the IL and avoids the formation of side‐products during the precipitation of Sn‐nanoparticles formed upon reaction with a reducing agent (NaBH4). Using NMR relaxometry, we further established that these nanoparticles are stabilized by specific interactions with the cationic group of the IL. Targeting the composition Cu6Sn5, we further demonstrated that this approach can be used to prepare Sn‐based alloys which could not be prepared using conventional chloride‐based precursors.
Directing On‐Surface Reaction Pathways via Metal‐Organic Cu−N Coordination
Authors: Liang Huifang , Xing Shuaipeng , Shi Ziliang , Zhang Haiming , Chi Lifeng
Published: February 2020

We demonstrate an enhancement of cyclization against polymerization for the on‐surface debrominative coupling reaction, by using the metal‐organic Cu−N coordination template to direct the reaction pathways. Experiments performed by using ultrahigh‐vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy (UHV‐STM), with the substitution of metal‐coordination centers, metallic substrates and functional organic ligands, corroborate the template effect of the Cu−N coordination.
Voronoi‐Based Similarity Distances between Arbitrary Crystal Lattices
Authors: Mosca Marco M. , Kurlin Vitaliy
Published: February 2020

This paper develops a new continuous approach to a similarity between periodic lattices of ideal crystals. Quantifying a similarity between crystal structures is needed to substantially speed up the crystal structure prediction, because the prediction of many target properties of crystal structures is computationally slow and is essentially repeated for many nearly identical simulated structures. The proposed distances between arbitrary periodic lattices of crystal structures are invariant under all rigid motions, satisfy the metric axioms and continuity under atomic perturbations. The above properties make these distances ideal tools for clustering and visualizing large datasets of crystal structures. All the conclusions are rigorously proved and justified by experiments on real and simulated crystal structures.