bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photo-driven self-powered biosensor for ultrasensitive microRNA detection via DNA conformation-controlled co-sensitization behavior
Authors: Gai Panpan , Kong Xinke , Zhang Shuxia , Song Panpan , Li Feng
Published: May 2020

We developed a photoelectrochemical enzymatic fuel cell-based self-powered biosensing platform for microRNA detection via DNA conformation change-controlled co-sensitization behavior.
Synthesis of ordered microporous/macroporous MOF-808 through modulator-induced defect-formation, and surfactant self-assembly strategies
Authors: Ardila-Suárez Carolina , Molina V. Daniel R. , Alem Halima , Baldovino-Medrano Víctor G. , Ramírez-Caballero Gustavo E.
Published: May 2020

Ordered micro/macroporous MOF-808 materials with tunable porosity and similar chemical surface composition were synthesized through the modulator-induced defect-formation and surfactant self-assembly strategies.
NO disproportionation over defective 1T′-MoS2 monolayers
Authors: Linghu Yaoyao , Wu Chao
Published: May 2020

NO disproportionation can be catalyzed by MoS2 monolayers loaded with S vacancies. When the MoS2 sheet is under 3% compressive strain, two NO molecules at a S vacancy can form a NO2. The left N atom will react with a third NO to afford N2O under 3% tensile strain.
Correction: Liquid-phase exfoliated SnS as a semiconductor coating filler to enhance corrosion protection performance
Authors: Tang Hongyu , Qu Zuopeng , Wang Lei , Ye Huaiyu , Fan Xuejun , Zhang Guoqi
Published: May 2020

Correction for ‘Liquid-phase exfoliated SnS as a semiconductor coating filler to enhance corrosion protection performance’ by Hongyu Tang et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2019, 21, 18179–18187, DOI: 10.1039/C9CP03381E.
Balancing connectivity with function in silver(i) networks of pyridyltriazole (tzpa) ligands results in the formation of a metallogel
Authors: Hegarty Isabel N. , Dalton Hannah L. , Lynes Amy D. , Haffner Benjamin , Möbius Matthias E. , Hawes Chris S. , Gunnlaugsson Thorfinnur
Published: May 2020

Triazolylpicolinamide (tzpa) ligands give a robust metallogel or a crystalline coordination network as a structural model on reaction with silver(i).
Efficient catalytic conversion of cellulose to levulinic acid in the biphasic system of molten salt hydrate and methyl isobutyl ketone
Authors: Wang Jinghua , Cui Hongyou , Wang Yong , Zhao Rongrong , Xie Yujiao , Wang Ming , Yi Weiming
Published: May 2020

The side reactions of saccharides and 5-hydromethyl furfural to form humins were suppressed by controlling the cellulose hydrolysis reaction to match the subsequent reactions.
Towards an environmentally and economically sustainable biorefinery: heavy metal contaminated waste wood as a low-cost feedstock in a low-cost ionic liquid process
Authors: Gschwend Florence J. V. , Hennequin Louis M. , Brandt-Talbot Agnieszka , Bedoya-Lora Franky , Kelsall Geoffrey H. , Polizzi Karen , Fennell Paul S. , Hallett Jason P.
Published: May 2020

In the present study, we used a low-cost protic ionic liquid, 1-methylimidazolium chloride, to simultaneously fractionate heavy metal contaminated wood and extract the metals from the wood at elevated temperature and short reaction time.
Correction: The conversion of a high concentration of lignin to cyclic alkanes by introducing Pt/HAP into a Ni/ASA catalyst
Authors: Qin Shufang , Li Bolong , Luo Zhicheng , Zhao Chen
Published: May 2020

Correction for ‘The conversion of a high concentration of lignin to cyclic alkanes by introducing Pt/HAP into a Ni/ASA catalyst’ by Shufang Qin et al., Green Chem., 2020, 22, 2901–2908, DOI: 10.1039/D0GC00243G.
Universal isotope dilution analysis of arsenic with labelled methane gas by dynamic reaction cell ICP-MS
Authors: Narukawa T. , Shikino O. , Chiba K.
Published: May 2020

Universal ID method using a labelled reaction gas in ICP-DRC-MS was investigated and was developed for arsenic determination.
Facile and economical synthesis of nitrogen-rich tantalum nitrides via an ammonia looping process under confined space
Authors: Lin Jie , Zhao Wei , Huang Fuqiang
Published: May 2020

Nitrogen-rich tantalum nitrides are synthesized via an ammonium looping process by pyrolyzing a single-source precursor, considerably reducing ammonia usage.
Facile synthesis of SAPO-34 with excellent methanol-to-olefin activity in a short time via a conventional hydrothermal method
Authors: Gong Feifei , Wang Xiaotong , Wang Peiqiang , Xuan Lu , Li Zhibin , Zhu Yujun
Published: May 2020

Small sized SAPO-34 obtained by a hydrothermal method in a short time (4 h) exhibits excellent MTO performance.
Multiform DNA origami arrays using minimal logic control
Authors: Chen Congzhou , Xu Jin , Shi Xiaolong
Published: May 2020

Self-assembled DNA nanostructures significantly contribute to DNA nanotechnology.
Engineering a metal–organic framework derived Mn–N4–CxSy atomic interface for highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Shang Huishan , Jiang Zhuoli , Zhou Danni , Pei Jiajing , Wang Yu , Dong Juncai , Zheng Xusheng , Zhang Jiatao , Chen Wenxing
Published: May 2020

A sulfur modified Mn–N–C single atom catalyst was constructed through an atomic interface strategy, with outstanding ORR activity in alkaline media.
Doping strategies of organic n-type materials in perovskite solar cells: a chemical perspective
Authors: Cabrera-Espinoza Andrea , Collavini Silvia , Delgado Juan Luis
Published: May 2020

n-Type doping of perovskite solar cells is a very promising strategy to improve performance and stability of these devices.
Effect of chain scission on flow characteristics of wormlike micellar solutions past a confined microfluidic cylinder: a numerical analysis
Authors: Khan Mohd Bilal , Sasmal C.
Published: May 2020

Elastic instability and elastic wave phenomena can be seen for the flow of a wormlike micellar solution past a confined microfluidic cylinder once the Weissenberg number exceeds a critical value.
Methylation-mediated down-regulation of microRNA-497-195 cluster confers osteogenic differentiation in ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine via ADORA2A
Authors: Jiang Anlong , Wang Nanxiang , Jiang Yunheng , Yan Xinxing , Chen Guanghua , Chi Hui , Kong Pengyu , Ren Hang , Xia Shiqi , Ji Ye , Yan Jinglong
Published: May 2020

Aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been associated with spinal ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). Our initial bioinformatic analysis identified differentially expressed ADORA2A in OPLL and its regulatory miRNAs miR-497 and miR-195. Hence, this study was conducted to clarify the functional relevance of miR-497-195 cluster in OPLL, which may implicate in Adenosine A2A (ADORA2A). PLL tissues were collected from OPLL and non-OPLL patients, followed by quantification of miR-497, miR-195 and ADORA2A expression. The expression of miR-497, miR-195 and/or ADORA2A was altered in posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) cells, which then were stimulated with cyclic mechanical stress (CMS). We validated that ADORA2A was expressed highly, while miR-497 and miR-195 were down-regulated in PLL tissues of OPLL patients. miR-195 and miR-497 expression in CMS-treated PLL cells was restored by a demethylation reagent 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (AZA). Moreover, expression of miR-195 and miR-497 was decreased by promoting promoter CpG island methylation. ADORA2A was verified as the target of miR-195 and miR-497. Overexpression of miR-195 and miR-497 diminished expression of osteogenic factors in PLL cells by inactivating the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway via down-regulation of ADORA2A. Collectively, miR-497-195 cluster augments osteogenic differentiation of PLL cells by inhibiting ADORA2A-dependent cAMP/PKA signaling pathway.
Transcriptome profiling of digital flexor tendons after injury in a chicken model
Authors: Mao Wei Feng , Yu Yin Xian , Chen Chen , Wu Ya Fang
Published: May 2020

Background: Modulation of tendon healing remains a challenge because of our limited understanding of the tendon repair process. Therefore, we performed the present study to provide a global perspective of the gene expression profiles of tendons after injury and identify the molecular signals driving the tendon repair process.

Results: The gene expression profiles of flexor digitorum profundus tendons in a chicken model were assayed on day 3, weeks 1, 2, 4, and 6 after injury using the Affymetrix microarray system. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis of the differentially expressed genes showed three distinct clusters corresponding to different phases of the tendon healing period. Gene ontology (GO) analysis identified regulation of cell proliferation and cell adhesion as the most enriched biological processes. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that the cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction and extracellular matrix (ECM)–receptor interaction pathways were the most impacted. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) demonstrated four distinct patterns of gene expressions during tendon healing. Cell adhesion and ECM activities were mainly associated with genes with drastic increase in expression 6 weeks after injury. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed to identify the key signaling pathways and hub genes involved.

Conclusions: The comprehensive analysis of the biological functions and interactions of the genes differentially expressed during tendon healing provides a valuable resource to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying tendon healing and to predict regulatory targets for the genetic engineering of tendon repair.

Tendon healing, Adhesion, Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis, Protein–protein Interaction
LncRNA LINC01503 aggravates the progression of cervical cancer through sponging miR-342-3p to mediate FXYD3 expression
Authors: Peng Xing , Gao Jinyu , Cai Chunyan , Zhang Yumei
Published: May 2020

Cervical cancer (CC), an aggressive malignancy, has a high risk of relapse and death, mainly occurring in females. Accumulating investigations have confirmed the critical role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in diverse cancers. LncRNA LINC01503 has been reported as an oncogene in several cancers. Nonetheless, its role and molecular mechanism in CC have not been explored. In the present study, we found that FXYD3 expression was considerably up-regulated in CC tissues and cells. Moreover, FXYD3 deficiency conspicuously hampered cell proliferation and migration while facilitated cell apoptosis in CC cells. Subsequently, molecular mechanism experiments implied that FXYD3 was a downstream target gene of miR-342-3p, and FXYD3 expression was reversely mediated by miR-342-3p. Moreover, we discovered that LINC01503 acted as the endogenous sponge for miR-342-3p. Besides, LINC01503 negatively regulated miR-342-3p expression and positively regulated FXYD3 expression in CC. Rescue assays revealed that LINC01503 depletion-induced repression on CC progression could be partly recovered by miR-342-3p inhibition, and then the co-transfection of sh-FXYD3#1 rescued this effect. Conclusively, LINC01503 aggravated CC progression through sponging miR-342-3p to mediate FXYD3 expression, providing promising therapeutic targets for CC patients.
Molecular mechanism of targeted inhibition of HMGA2 via miRNAlet-7a in proliferation and metastasis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ma Li-Juan , Wu Jun , Zhou En , Yin Juan , Xiao Xu-Ping
Published: May 2020

MiRNAlet-7a is associated with the tumorigenesis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Our study was designed to infer whether let-7a targets high-mobility AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) and suppresses laryngeal carcinoma cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. The expression levels of let-7a and HMGA2 were measured in 30 LSCC clinical specimens by qRT-PCR and their correlation was analyzed. Cell model and mice xenograft model with or without let-7a overexpression were constructed to evaluate the effects of let-7a on LSCC. Moreover, luciferase assay was performed to reveal the interaction between let-7a and HMGA2, which was further verified in xenograft. Let-7a was significantly down-regulated and HMGA2 was up-regulated in LSCC tissues compared with normal tissues (P<0.05), both of which were significantly correlated with TNM stage and lymph node metastases of LSCC patients (P<0.05). We also observed a negative correlation between let-7a and HMGA2 expression in LSCC samples (r = −0.642, P<0.05). In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that let-7a overexpression could inhibit cell proliferation and tumor growth of LSCC and simultaneously down-regulate the expression of HMGA2. Moreover, the regulation of HMGA2 by let-7a was also proved by luciferase assay. Our results revealed that let-7a promotes development and progression of LSCC through inhibiting the expression of HMGA2. Therefore, let-7a may thus be a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for treating LSCC.
IL-33 induces type-2-cytokine phenotype but exacerbates cardiac remodeling post-myocardial infarction with eosinophil recruitment, worsened systolic dysfunction, and ventricular wall rupture
Authors: Ghali Rana , Habeichi Nada J. , Kaplan Abdullah , Tannous Cynthia , Abidi Emna , Bekdash Amira , Farhat Rima , Itani Hana , Jurjus Abdo , Booz George W. , Mallat Ziad , Zouein Fouad A.
Published: May 2020

Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Interleukin (IL)-33 (IL-33) is a cytokine present in most cardiac cells and is secreted on necrosis where it acts as a functional ligand for the ST2 receptor. Although IL-33/ST2 axis is protective against various forms of cardiovascular diseases, some studies suggest potential detrimental roles for IL-33 signaling. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of IL-33 administration on cardiac function post-MI in mice. MI was induced by coronary artery ligation. Mice were treated with IL-33 (1 μg/day) or vehicle for 4 and 7 days. Functional and molecular changes of the left ventricle (LV) were assessed. Single cell suspensions were obtained from bone marrow, heart, spleen, and peripheral blood to assess the immune cells using flow cytometry at 1, 3, and 7 days post-MI in IL-33 or vehicle-treated animals. The results of the present study suggest that IL-33 is effective in activating a type 2 cytokine milieu in the damaged heart, consistent with reduced early inflammatory and pro-fibrotic response. However, IL-33 administration was associated with worsened cardiac function and adverse cardiac remodeling in the MI mouse model. IL-33 administration increased infarct size, LV hypertrophy, cardiomyocyte death, and overall mortality rate due to cardiac rupture. Moreover, IL-33-treated MI mice displayed a significant myocardial eosinophil infiltration at 7 days post-MI when compared with vehicle-treated MI mice. The present study reveals that although IL-33 administration is associated with a reparative phenotype following MI, it worsens cardiac remodeling and promotes heart failure.
Acoustic Measures of Prosody in Right-Hemisphere Damage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Weed Ethan , Fusaroli Riccardo
Published: May 2020

Purpose

The aim of the study was to use systematic review and meta-analysis to quantitatively assess the currently available acoustic evidence for prosodic production impairments as a result of right-hemisphere damage (RHD), as well as to develop methodological recommendations for future studies.

Method

We systematically reviewed papers reporting acoustic features of prosodic production in RHD in order to identify shortcomings in the literature and make recommendations for future studies. We estimated the meta-analytic effect size of the acoustic features. We extracted standardized mean differences from 16 papers and estimated aggregated effect sizes using hierarchical Bayesian regression models.

Results

RHD did present reduced fundamental frequency variation, but the trait was shared with left-hemisphere damage. RHD also presented evidence for increased pause duration. No meta-analytic evidence for an effect of prosody type (emotional vs. linguistic) was found.

Conclusions

Taken together, the currently available acoustic data show only a weak specific effect of RHD on prosody production. However, the results are not definitive, as more reliable analyses are hindered by small sample sizes, lack of detail on lesion location, and divergent measuring techniques. We propose recommendations to overcome these issues: Cumulative science practices (e.g., open data and code sharing), more nuanced speech signal processing techniques, and the integration of acoustic measures and perceptual judgments are recommended to more effectively investigate prosody in RHD.
Speech Intervention Effects for Childhood Apraxia of Speech: Quality Appraisal of Systematic Reviews
Authors: Springle Alisha P. , Breeden Amber , Raymer Anastasia M.
Published: May 2020

Purpose

A number of justification have examined the effects of speech interventions on outcomes in childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). The findings have been summarized in the form of systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses, which are used to support evidence-based clinical practice decisions. Yet without acceptable rigor, SRs/meta-analyses may be biased in their recommendations. We appraised the quality of existing SRs for CAS treatment using a tool developed within epidemiology, the AMSTAR-2 (A MeaSurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews).

Method

A search of five databases to identify published SRs that coalesced treatment research for CAS revealed six systematic reviews that met inclusion criteria. Two examiners coded each article with the AMSTAR-2 to rate the methodologic rigor of the SRs and extracted summary data.

Results

One rigorous systematic review included only one randomized controlled trial. A second moderately rigorous review examined multiple single participant research designs. The weight of high-quality evidence supported the positive effects of motor programming treatments for children with CAS.

Conclusions

Findings of six systematic reviews, two of which were conducted with relative rigor, suggest that motor programming treatments have the best evidence base for treatment decisions pertaining to CAS. Clinicians are referred to online resources to implement these treatments according to published protocols.
Fast measurement partitioning algorithm for multiple extended target tracking
Authors: Sun Lifan , Yu Haofang , Fu Zhumu , He Zishu , Tao Fazhan
Published: May 2020

For tracking of multiple extended targets with unknown and varying target number, the measurements partitioning is indispensable and plays an important role in achieving good performance. However, the number of possible partitions grows very fast with the increasing of total number of measurements, which causes heavy computational burden. Thus this Letter proposes a fast measurement partitioning algorithm, in which the target predictive information is explicitly considered and used to determine the clustering centres for measurement partitioning. To guarantee its robustness, the target predictions are further modified when the target number is overestimated. This flexible strategy reduces the dependence on original predictive information and significantly improves the accuracy of partitioning results. Besides, the proposed algorithm greatly reduces the partition number by fully considering possible changes of the number of newborn targets and spawned targets. It not only eliminates unreasonable and redundant measurement partitions for tracking performance improvement, but also fits well with the tracking of newborn targets and spawned targets. Simulation results verify the benefit of what the authors proposed.
Improving the accuracy of defect diagnosis by test score based on fault free
Authors: Song Jincai , Ouyang Dantong , Liu Yang , Zhang Liming
Published: May 2020

In the initial phase of production improvement for new technology, a fault chip may contain multiple defects. Owing to the interaction between defects, the state‐of‐the‐art defect diagnosis procedure based on the simulation of single‐modelled faults may generate a large number of candidate faults. Early methods based on test scores removed the correct candidate faults when narrowing the set of candidate faults, which caused a drop in diagnostic accuracy. This Letter proposes a new method combined with test scores to make better use of diagnostic information to reduce the number of candidate faults and improve diagnostic accuracy. The approach computes a score to every test by using fault‐free output responses of a circuit, which can estimate its ability of fault identification. This results in a set of candidate faults with a reduced number of redundant faults and an increased number of real faults. Thus, the diagnosis resolution and precision are improved. The method can reduce the running time of the procedure for it uses the fault‐free information to calculate the test scores offline. The experimental results on benchmark circuits demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method.
Deep learning based method for false data injection attack detection in AC smart islands
Authors: Dehghani Moslem , Kavousi‐Fard Abdollah , Dabbaghjamanesh Morteza , Avatefipour Omid
Published: May 2020

This paper investigates the false data injection attacks (FDIA) in an AC smart island and the detection solution of the attack on distributed energy resources in a smart island. In this study, a new scheme of FDIA detection is proposed based on wavelet singular values as input index of deep learning algorithm. In the proposed method, switching surface based on sliding mode control breaks down for adjusting accurate factors of wavelet transform and then features of wavelet coefficients are extracted by singular value decomposition. Indexes are determined according to the wavelet singular values in switching surface of voltage and current which defines the input indexes of deep machine learning and detecting FDIA. This cyber‐protection plan has been put forward for cyber diagnostic and examined in different types of attacks happening in voltage and current signals derivation of measuring sensors as well as sending and receiving data from communication and control systems. The main priority of the suggested detection plan is the high capability to detect FDIA with a high accuracy. To show the effectiveness of the proposed method, simulation studies are performed on AC smart island in MATLAB/Simulink environment.
Enhanced reduced‐order generalised integrator with delay compensation for harmonic suppression in distribution system
Authors: Zhang Sen , Zhao Jianfeng , Liu Kangli , Li Baorun , Wang Pengyu
Published: May 2020

Power electronicconverters have attracted significant attention in renewable energy generation and distribution systems. However, some crucial techniques, such as power quality and stability enhancement of converters, still need to be further improved. In this study, an improved reduced‐order generalised integrator (ROGI), which can achieve decoupling, is proposed. It can reduce the ‐axis and ‐axis current coupling and improve the dynamic response performance, maintaining the advantage of the conventional ROGI (e.g. less computational burden). Besides, delay compensation is added to the proposed decoupled ROGI, which improves the stability of the current loop and can be effectively applied for the current/voltage harmonic suppression in the distributed system. Also, the procedures of parameter tuning and optimal delay compensation angle computation are given. Finally, the harmonic current compensation of the three‐phase grid‐connected converter is taken as an example for simulation analysis, and the experimental results verify the reasonability and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Concurrent strength and sprint training increases resting metabolic rate in masters road cyclists
Authors: Delvecchio Luke , Reaburn Peter , Meerkin Jarrod , Korhonen Marko T. , Borges Nattai , Macgregor Campbell , Climstein Mike
Published: May 2020

High-intensity concurrent sprint and strength training has been shown to provide a strong physiological training stimulus in young adult endurance athletes. However, the effect in veteran endurance athletes remains unknown. This study examined if replacing a portion of endurance training with concurrent sprint and strength training influenced resting metabolic rate (RMR) and lean mass (LM) in veteran endurance cyclists. Eighteen well-trained male veteran road cyclists (55.2 ± 8.4 years; 7.9 ± 1.1 training hrs/wk; 323 ± 53 Wpeak) were allocated to a concurrent strength and sprint training group (CT, n = 9) or control group (CON, n = 9). The CT group completed a 12-weeks of sprint and strength training while the CON group maintained their normal endurance training. RMR and LM were measured before and after the 12-week training intervention. CT training significantly (p < 0.05) increased both RMR (+14.2%, 1600 ± 244 to 1828 ± 207 kcal/day) and LM (+2.0%, 61.8 ± 5.5 to 63.1 ± 5.4 kg) pre to post-intervention. No significant changes from pre- to post-training were observed in the CON group. These findings suggest replacing a portion of endurance training with sprint and strength training may preserve, and even increase, LM and RMR in veteran road cyclists.
Perioperative Arzneimittelinteraktionen – was der Anästhesist wissen sollte
Authors: Selpien Helene , Unterberg Matthias
Published: May 2020

Arzneimittelinteraktionen bedingen hohe Zahlen von Krankenhausaufnahmen und Todesfällen, insbesondere bei polypharmazeutisch behandelten Patienten. Pharmakologische Visiten wie auch EDV-basierte Interaktionssuchprogramme adressieren dieses Problem und verbessern die Behandlungsqualität. Die perioperative Phase wie auch die Narkose sind Risikointervalle, da hier binnen kurzer Zeiträume eine hohe Zahl an Arzneimitteln verabreicht wird. Dies stellt hohe Anforderungen an klinisch tätige Anästhesisten. Ein detailliertes Wissen um Interaktionen ist unabdingbar, um die Kernaufgabe der Anästhesie, die Patientensicherheit peri- und intraoperativ, zu gewährleisten. Während die moderne Anästhesie auf der einen Seite Medikamenteninteraktionen im Rahmen der „balancierten Anästhesie“ nutzt, ist die Kenntnis möglicher unerwünschter Interaktionen, die als direkte chemische Interaktion, aber auch auf pharmakokinetischer oder pharmakodynamischer Ebene auftreten können, erforderlich. Pharmakologische Einflüsse auf die QT-Zeit mit nachfolgenden Risiken sind ebenso relevant wie beispielsweise die medikamentöse Induktion eines Serotoninsyndroms. Eine detaillierte Kenntnis des Metabolismus eingesetzter Pharmaka sowie der Medikamente aus der Dauermedikation beinhaltet die Kenntnis über Stoffwechselwege der Elimination wie das p-Glykoprotein oder Enzyme der Cytochrom-P450-Familie.
Lipoproteinapherese
Authors: Schettler Volker J. J.
Published: May 2020

Die Indikation zur Lipoproteinapheresetherapie bleibt auch unter Berücksichtigung neuer lipidsenkender Medikamente und Leitlinien in der Behandlung von Dyslipidämien unverändert bestehen. Diese lipidsenkende Therapieform führt nicht nur zur Absenkung von LDL-C und Lp(a), sondern wirkt zusätzlich antiinflammatorisch, antiatherogen und antithrombogen.
Immunadsorption
Authors: Reshetnik Alexander , Tölle Markus
Published: May 2020

Die aktuell zur Verfügung stehenden Aphereseformen sind wirksame und komplementäre Therapieoptionen u. a. für die Behandlung unterschiedlicher Autoimmunerkrankungen. Neben dem therapeutischen Plasmaaustausch (TPA) stellt die Immunadsorption (IA) einen wichtigen Fortschritt unserer Behandlungsmöglichkeiten dar. In vielen Bereichen der Medizin, insbesondere in der Nephrologie und Neurologie, konnten autoimmunologische Mechanismen als Auslöser zahlreicher Erkrankungen identifiziert werden. Bei vielen dieser Krankheitsbilder stellt die therapeutische Apherese (TA) eine wertvolle Therapieoption dar, insbesondere bei ausgeprägter klinischer Symptomatik oder bei therapieresistenten Verläufen. Die IA stellt inzwischen eine gute Alternative zum TPA bei einigen Indikationen dar. Als Vorteile der IA sind die potenziell selektivere Entfernung des Ziel-Immunglobulins und die Möglichkeit des höheren Plasmavolumenumsatzes zu nennen. Hierbei kann auf die Gabe von Plasma und Plasmaderivaten verzichtet werden. Als Nachteile sind meist der höhere technischer Aufwand in der Durchführung und höhere Kosten des Verfahrens zu nennen. Aktuell ist die Studienlage speziell zur IA sehr klein. Wünschenswert sind mehr klinischen Studien zur Anwendung der IA, bevor das Verfahren breite Anwendung findet.
Uveitis-Masquerade-Syndrome: Leitsymptome und Krankheitsbilder
Authors: Biewald Eva , Rating Philipp , Bechrakis Nikolaos E. , Lommatzsch Albrecht Peter
Published: May 2020

Als Uveitis-Masquerade-Syndrom (UMS) werden eine Reihe von malignen oder benignen Erkrankungen bezeichnet, die entzündliche Zustände nachahmen, ohne dabei zur Gruppe der Uveitiden zu gehören. Die korrekte Diagnosestellung lässt sich oftmals trotz ausführlicher ophthalmologischer und allgemeiner Anamnese mit Ausschöpfung aller bildgebenden Modalitäten, klinischen Untersuchungsverfahren und interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit nur schwer erarbeiten. Bei rezidivierenden Entzündungen sollte zwingend an ein UMS gedacht werden, da jede Verzögerung des Nachweises der zugrunde liegenden Erkrankung und des Einleitens einer adäquaten Therapie mit dem Risiko einer systemischen Ausbreitung und konsekutiven Verschlechterung der Prognose einhergehen kann. Oftmals bleibt daher im Verlauf nach Ausschöpfung aller konservativen Möglichkeiten nur die Diagnosesicherung über eine intraokulare Biopsie. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich schwerpunktmäßig mit den Leitsymptomen, Differenzialdiagnosen und Krankheitsbildern des UMS.
Analyse von Einflussfaktoren auf die Eignung von kornealem Spendergewebe in der LIONS Hornhautbank Saar-Lor-Lux, Trier/Westpfalz von 2006 bis 2016
Authors: Kramp Kristina , Suffo Shady , Laun Daniel , Bischoff-Jung Mona , Huber Manuela , Langenbucher Achim , Seitz Berthold
Published: May 2020

Hintergrund und Ziel der Studie Vor dem Hintergrund des Missverhältnisses zwischen Hornhautverfügbarkeit und -bedarf war das Ziel der Studie, signifikante Einflussfaktoren auf die Eignung sowie die Verwerfungsgründe von kornealem Spendergewebe zu eruieren und damit die Rate verworfener Hornhäute langfristig zu reduzieren.

Patienten und Methoden 4140 Hornhäute von 2083 Spendern wurden zwischen 2006 und 2016 analysiert. Die untersuchten Einflussgrößen umfassten das Alter, das Geschlecht und die medizinische Vorgeschichte der Spender und Prozessierungsfaktoren wie die Post-mortem-Zeit. Die Daten wurden in eine Microsoft-Access-Datenbank übertragen und mittels logistischer Regressionsanalysen mit SPSS 20.0 statistisch ausgewertet. In einem multiplen Regressionsmodell wurden 6 Einflussfaktoren auf die Eignung des Spendergewebes analysiert. Alle Hornhäute, die nicht für eine elektive Keratoplastik infrage kamen, galten hierbei als ungeeignet.

Ergebnisse Ein hohes Spenderalter > 80 Jahre erwies sich im Vergleich zur Referenzgruppe der Spender < 40 Jahre als signifikant negative Einflussgröße auf die Eignung der Hornhaut (p = 0,001). Auch eine vorangegangene Kataraktoperation minderte signifikant die Eignung (p < 0,001). Männliche Hornhäute waren signifikant weniger geeignet als weibliche Hornhäute (p = 0,028). Ein Hypertonus in der Spendervorgeschichte (p = 0,612), eine vorangegangene Chemotherapie (p = 0,745) oder ein Diabetes mellitus (p = 0,321) zeigten keinen Einfluss auf die Eignung. Sepsis (p = 0,026) und Multiorganversagen (MOV; p < 0,001) als Todesursachen des Spenders resultierten in signifikant höheren Verwerfungsraten aufgrund von Kontamination des Kulturmediums. Hornhäute, bei denen die Blutentnahme mehr als 12 h seit Versterben des Spenders zurücklag, mussten signifikant häufiger wegen einer positiven Spenderserologie verworfen werden (p < 0,001).

Schlussfolgerungen Faktoren wie eine vorangegangene Kataraktoperation und ein hohes Spenderalter verringerten die Eignung des Spendergewebes. Ein Diabetes, ein Hypertonus und eine Chemotherapie in der Spendervorgeschichte zeigten keinen statistisch signifikanten Einfluss auf die Eignung. Todesursachen wie Sepsis und Multiorganversagen erhöhten die Kontaminationsrate des Kulturmediums. Eine postmortale Blutentnahme nach mehr als 12 h geht mit einem erhöhten Risiko für ein positives Serologieergebnis einher.
Goldstandard Ophthalmopathologie – noch zeitgemäß?
Authors: Herwig-Carl Martina C. , Löffler Karin U.
Published: May 2020

Die Ophthalmopathologie hat eine lange Tradition in Deutschland. Von der kontinuierlichen Weiterentwicklung technischer und molekularbiologischer Methoden profitiert auch dieser spezielle Bereich der allgemeinen Pathologie. Als Basis grundlagenwissenschaftlicher Forschung, aber auch im Bezug auf die Vermittlung pathophysiologischer Zusammenhänge und in der Evaluation innovativer Operationsmethoden ist die Ophthalmopathologie auch heutzutage nicht wegzudenken. Anhand verschiedener Fallbeispiele werden die 4 Säulen der Ophthalmopathologie – die Diagnostik, die klinisch-pathologische Korrelation, die Evaluation neuer Therapiemethoden und die Forschung – illustriert. Die Ophthalmopathologie ist nicht nur ein Fach der Vergangenheit, sondern vor allem ein Fach der Zukunft. Sie entwickelt sich mit dem medizinischen und ophthalmologischen Fortschritt weiter und dient auch dazu, diesen kritisch zu evaluieren. Die klinisch-pathologische Korrelation ist ein unschätzbares Gut für
die nachhaltige Qualität der Augenheilkunde, die wir uns nicht durch das „Sparen an falscher Stelle“ (d. h. der Schließung ophthalmopathologischer Labore) leichtfertig nehmen lassen sollten. Die Ophthalmopathologie war, ist und wird weiterhin der Goldstandard bei vielen ophthalmologischen Fragestellungen bleiben.
Tiefenwirkung von kaltem Atmosphärendruckplasma in der Keratitistherapie: ein Hornhautstromagewebemodell
Authors: Lingenfelder Christian , Kampmeier Jürgen , Russ Detlef , Wittig Rainer , Diener Christof , Werner Jens Ulrich
Published: May 2020

Die Inzidenz der mikrobiellen Keratitis steigt an und liegt bei 28 Fällen/100 000 Einwohner. Dies könnte auf das häufigere Tragen von Kontaktlinsen zurückzuführen sein. Die Keratitis kann zu Sehbehinderungen und in schweren Fällen mit Endophthalmitis zur Enukleation des betroffenen Auges führen. Zunehmende Resistenzen von Mikroorganismen gegen die Antibiotikatherapie zeigen den Bedarf an neuen therapeutischen Strategien auf. Kaltes Atmosphärendruckplasma wurde bereits erfolgreich zur Desinfektion von Oberflächen eingesetzt. Diese Studie untersucht in einem Hornhautstromagewebemodell tiefenaufgelöst die Wirksamkeit von kaltem Atmosphärendruckplasma gegen Escherichia coli.
Additional Insulin for Coping with Fat- and Protein-Rich Meals in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: The Protein Unit
Authors: Schweizer Roland , Herrlich Susann , Lösch-Binder Martina , Glökler Michaela , Heimgärtner Magdalena , Liebrich Franziska , Meßner Katja , Muckenhaupt Tina , Schneider Angelika , Ziegler Julian , Neu Andreas
Published: May 2020

Objective Dietary proteins raise blood glucose levels; dietary fats delay this rise. We sought to assess the insulin amount required to normalize glucose levels after a fat- and protein-rich meal (FPRM).

Methods Sixteen adolescents (5 female) with type 1 diabetes (median age: 18.2 years; range: 15.2–24.0; duration: 7.1 years; 2.3–14.3; HbA1c: 7.2%; 6.2–8.3%) were included. FPRM (carbohydrates 57 g; protein 92 g; fat 39 g; fibers 7 g; calories 975 Kcal) was served in the evening, with 20 or 40% extra insulin compared to a standard meal (SM) (carbohydrates 70 g; protein 28 g; fat 19 g; fibers 10 g; calories 579 Kcal) or carbohydrates only. Insulin was administered for patients on intensified insulin therapy or as a 4-hour-delayed bolus for those on pump therapy. The 12-hour post-meal glucose levels were compared between FPRM and SM, with the extra insulin amount calculated based on 100 g proteins as a multiple of the carbohydrate unit.

Results Glucose levels (median, mg/dL) 12-hour post-meal with 20% extra insulin vs. 40% vs. insulin dose for SM were 116 vs. 113 vs. 91. Glucose-AUC over 12-hour post-meal with 20% extra insulin vs. 40% vs. insulin dose for SM was 1603 mg/dL/12 h vs. 1527 vs. 1400 (no significance). Glucose levels in the target range with 20% extra insulin vs. 40% were 60% vs. 69% (p=0.1). Glucose levels <60 mg/dL did not increase with 40% extra insulin. This corresponds to the 2.15-fold carbohydrate unit for 100 g protein.

Conclusions We recommend administering the same insulin dose given for 1 carbohydrate unit (10 g carbs) to cover 50 g protein.
Epigenetic Downregulation of FASN in Visceral Adipose Tissue
of Insulin Resistant Subjects
Authors: Sievert Helen , Krause Christin , Geißler Cathleen , Grohs Martina , El-Gammal Alexander T. , Wolter Stefan , Mann Oliver , Lehnert Hendrik , Kirchner Henriette
Published: May 2020

Objective The risk to develop type 2 diabetes increases with the amount
of visceral adiposity presumably due to increased lipolysis and subsequent lipid
accumulation in visceral organs. However, data describing the molecular
regulation of these pathways in humans are rare. We tested if genes of the
lipogenic and lipolytic pathways are associated with glucose intolerance
independently of obesity in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of obese subjects.
Moreover, we studied DNA methylation of FASN (fatty acid
synthase), that catalyses the synthesis of long-chain fatty acids, in
VAT of the same subjects and whether it is associated with metabolic traits.

Subjects and methods Visceral adipose tissue biopsies and blood samples
were taken from 93 severely obese subjects undergoing bariatric surgery.
Subjects were grouped in low HbA1c (L-HbA1c, HbA1c<6.5 %) and
high HbA1c (H-HbA1c, HbA1c≥6.5 %) groups and expression of genes
from the lipogenic and lipolytic pathways was analysed by TaqMan qPCR. DNA
methylation of FASN was quantified by bisulfite-pyrosequencing.

Results
FASN expression was downregulated in visceral fat from subjects with high
HbA1c (p = 0.00009). Expression of other lipogenetic (SCD,
ELOVL6) or lipolytic genes (ADRB3, PNPLA2) and
FABP4 was not changed. DNA methylation of FASN was increased
at a regulatory ChoRE recognition site in the H-HbA1c-subgroup and correlated
negatively with FASN mRNA (r = − 0.302, p
= 0.0034) and positively with HbA1c (r = 0.296, p =
0.0040) and blood glucose (r = 0.363, p = 0.0005).

Conclusions Epigenetic downregulation of FASN in visceral adipose
tissue of obese subjects might contribute to limited de novo lipogenesis
of important insulin sensitizing fatty acids and could thereby contribute to
glucose intolerance and the development of type 2 diabetes independently of
obesity.
Challenges at the Time of COVID-19: Opportunities and Innovations in Antivirals from Nature
Authors: Hensel Andreas , Bauer Rudolf , Heinrich Michael , Spiegler Verena , Kayser Oliver , Hempel Georg , Kraft Karin
Published: May 2020

As viral infections are an increasing threat to human societies, the need for new therapeutic strategies is becoming even more obvious. As no vaccine is available for COVID-19, the development of directly acting antiviral agents and preventive strategies have to be considered. Nature provides a huge reservoir of anti-infectious compounds, from which we can deduce innovative ideas, therapies, and products. Anti-adhesive natural products interact with the receptor-mediated recognition and early interaction of viruses with the host cells, leading to a reduced internalisation of the virus and reduced infections (e.g., procyanidin-B-2-di-O-gallate against influenza and herpes virus). Lignans like podophyllotoxin and bicyclol show strong antiviral activities against different viruses, and essential oils can directly interact with viral membranes and reduce the hostʼs inflammatory responses (e.g., 1,8-cineol). Echinacea extracts stimulate the immune system, and bioavailable alkamides are key players by interacting with immunomodulating cannabinoid receptors. COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 infections have, in part, successfully been treated in China by preparations from traditional Chinese medicine and, while it is too early to draw conclusions, some promising data are available. There is huge potential, but intensified research is needed to develop evidence-based medicines with a clearly defined chemical profile. Intensified research and development, and therefore funding, are needed for exploiting natureʼs reservoir against viral infections. Combined action for basic research, chemistry, pharmacognosy, virology, and clinical studies, but also supply chain, sustainable sourcing, and economic aspects have to be considered. This review calls for intensified innovative science on natural products for the patients and for a healthier world!
Lung Volume Reduction in Pulmonary Emphysema
Authors: Garner Justin L. , Shah Pallav L.
Published: May 2020

Severe emphysema with hyperinflation presents a therapeutic challenge. Inhaled medication has limited efficacy in individuals with mechanical constraints to the respiratory pump and impaired gas exchange. Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) reestablishes some semblance of normal physiology, resecting grossly expanded severely diseased tissue to restore the function of compromised relatively healthy lung, and has been shown to significantly improve exercise capacity, quality of life, and survival, especially in individuals with upper-lobe predominant emphysema and low-baseline exercise capacity, albeit with higher early morbidity and mortality. Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction achieved by deflating nonfunctioning parts of the lung is promoted as a less invasive and safer approach. Endobronchial valve implantation has demonstrated comparable outcomes to LVRS in selected individuals and has recently received approvals by the National Institute of Clinical Excellence in the United Kingdom and the Food and Drug Administration in the United States of America. Endobronchial coils are proving a viable treatment option in severe hyperinflation in the presence of collateral ventilation in selected cases of homogeneous disease. Modalities including vapor and sealant are delivered using a segmental strategy preserving healthier tissue within the same target lobe-efficacy and safety-data are, however, limited. This article will review the data supporting these novel technologies.
Kinetic Study of Disulfonimide-Catalyzed Cyanosilylation of Aldehydes by Using a Method of Progress Rates
Authors: Zhang Zhipeng , Klussmann Martin , List Benjamin
Published: May 2020

Kinetic study of organic reactions, especially multistep catalytic reactions, is crucial to in-depth understanding of reaction mechanisms. Here we report our kinetic study on the chiral disulfonimide-catalyzed cyanosilylation of an aldehyde, which revealed that two molecules of TMSCN are involved in the rate-determining C–C bond-forming step. In addition, the apparent activation energy, enthalpy of activation, and entropy of activation were deduced through a study of the temperature dependence of the reaction rates. More importantly, a novel and efficient method that makes use of the progress rates was developed to treat kinetic data obtained by continuous monitoring of the progress of a reaction by in situ FTIR.
Postoperative Outcomes of Volar Plate Fixation in Cases of Scaphoid Deformity or Nonunion: A Case Series
Authors: Ansari Saif A. , Kennedy James A. , Younis Fizan
Published: May 2020

Background Fractures through the waist of scaphoid are a common injury, resulting in deformity or nonunion. Recently, a locking plate has been shown to fix deformity or nonunion of scaphoid, with limited observation of functional postoperative outcomes.

Objectives We present a case series of 16 patients, with the disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) score evaluation in primary fixation of scaphoid fractures with humpback deformity (n = 11) and revision open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) for nonunion (n = 5), using the Medartis TriLock 1.5 scaphoid plate and bone grafting.

Patients and Methods DASH scores were obtained preoperatively and postoperatively at 3, 6, and 12 (if required) months. Patient demographics, smoking status, employment type, and grip strengths were recorded.

Results Thirteen patients attended follow-up. Union was clinically and radiologically assessed with 13 achieving union. The mean preoperative DASH score was 34.0 (n = 16) and at treatment completion (discharge or DNA) was 11.5 (n = 13), with mean reduction of 18.5 (p = 0.03). At treatment completion, mean reduction in DASH score of revision ORIF was 13.7 (p = 0.27; n = 4), compared with 20.7 (p < 0.01; n = 9) in primary fixation with plate.

Conclusions Deformity correction, reduction in DASH score, and rate of union make the plate system useful in the management of scaphoid fractures with humpback deformity and revision for nonunion.

Level of Evidence This is a Level IV study.
Topical Tranexamic Acid in Total Knee Arthroplasty: Does It Augment the Effect of the Intravenous Administration in Patients with Moderate-to-High Risk of Bleeding? A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Abdallah Ahmed A. , Sallam Asser A. , Arafa Mohamed S. , Henawy Ayman T.
Published: May 2020

This study aimed to compare the superimposed clinical value of topical tranexamic acid (TXA) application when it is simultaneously combined with intravenous (IV) administration versus the use of either IV TXA alone or IA TXA alone during primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients with moderate-to-high risk of bleeding. We hypothesized that the combined administration approach will result in a more adequate reduction in the perioperative blood loss and blood transfusion rate. Ninety-four patients undergoing primary TKA were randomly allocated into intra-articular (IA) alone, IV alone, and combined group. We used 2 g of IV TXA in the IV TXA alone and combined groups 10 minutes before tourniquet deflation. However, we applied 1.5 g TXA in 100 mL isotonic saline half topically before arthrotomy closure and half retrogradely after wound closure through the drain. Follow-up period was 6 weeks. The primary outcome measures included the drainage blood volume, total blood loss, hidden blood loss, intraoperative blood loss, and the allogenic transfusion rate. Secondary outcomes included postoperative hemoglobin drop, amount of transfused blood units, thromboembolism, and wound complications. Combined administration of TXA provided significantly better results in terms of blood volume collected by the drain, total blood loss, and hidden blood loss (p < 0.01). Contrarily, the intraoperative blood loss, the allogeneic transfusion rate, and the number of transfused units were similar in all groups (p > 0.05). The subgroup analysis revealed that a combined IA and IV TXA administration significantly reduced the total blood loss in patients with either moderate or high risk of bleeding. Moreover, the degree of hemoglobin drop was significantly lesser with the combined approach. No thromboembolic complications or wound infection occurred. In conclusion, the combined use of topical and IV tranexamic acid resulted in a significant reduction in postoperative blood loss and hemoglobin level following TKA but did not influence the rate of allogeneic blood transfusion. This is a Level I, therapeutic study.