bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of the Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol in Mobile Peer-to-Peer Wireless Networks (MP2PWN)
Authors: MAHDI Ismahan , TALAMALI Rania Ilham
Published: August 2024

Mobile Peer-to-Peer Networks (MP2PN) are a relatively new paradigm in wireless networks. Their popularity has increased in recent years due to their use in various applications, including decentralized file sharing on the Internet. However, the security of MP2PN remains an open research topic and a major challenge due to their vulnerability to various attacks, such as the black hole attack. In this work, we specifically analyze the Black Hole attack in Mobile Peer-to-Peer Wireless Networks (MP2PWN) using an Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol. In this type of attack, a malicious node impersonates a legitimate node and makes a falsified response with a high sequence number. For this purpose, we have developed an innovative solution to counter this attack, by making changes to the AODV routing protocol. To assess its effectiveness, we conducted extensive simulations.
A Comprehensive Study of AFM Stiffness Measurements on Inclined Surfaces: Theoretical, Numerical, and Experimental Evaluation using a Hertz Approach
Authors: Ahmine Anis Nassim , Bdiri Myriam , Féréol Sophie , Fodil Redouane
Published: August 2024

In the field of cellular health assessment, the mechanical properties of cells are crucial indicators. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is a prominent nanoscale technique used for its significant benefits in analyzing cell mechanics. Traditional analysis of AFM data often relies on Hertz's law, which assumes a flat surface for the biological sample. However, this assumption does not always hold true due to the diverse geometries of cells. In this study, we present a new theoretical model that includes correction coefficients in Hertz's law to consider cone-like and spherical probes, addressing the local tilt at the probe-sample interface. We validated our model through Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulations and experimental AFM measurements on tilted polyacrylamide gels. Our findings emphasize the importance of accounting for the local tilt in probe-sample contact to ensure accurate AFM measurements. This marks a significant advancement in our understanding of cell mechanics at the nanoscale.
Molecular characterization of Brucella species detected from clinical samples of Dairy cattle
Authors: Motegaonkar Snehal , Pharande Rajesh , Gandge Rajashree , Thorat Varsha , Zende Ravindra , Ingole Shailesh
Published: August 2024

Brucellosis is one of the important zoonotic in the livestock industry and public health. The aim of the present study This study aimed at the detection of Brucella spp. directly from specimens of dairy cows and molecular characterization of Brucella spp. understanding their virulence attributes. A total of 110 samples were collected from Mumbai and Pune districts, encompassing various sources such as placental cotyledons, fetal abomasal content, fetal vitals, vaginal swabs, serum, and milk, all from cattle suspected of brucellosis. A total of 24 milk and serum samples were tested for Brucella antibodies, and it was found that 24 (57.14%) and 19 (45.23%) samples were positive by MRT and RBPT tests, respectively. Employing molecular techniques, including PCR assays targeting specific genes, facilitated the detection and identification of Brucella spp. and Brucella abortus directly from specimens of dairy cattle. Among these, 17 out of 110 samples tested positive for Brucella spp (15.45%), with 5 out of 17 confirmed to be Brucella abortus (29.39%). Subsequent sequencing and phylogenetic scrutiny validated that all 5 samples belonged to the Brucella abortus species. These samples shared geographic origins and were aligned within the same lineage as previous Brucella abortus isolates submitted to Gene Bank from Mumbai, India. The presence of virulence genes virB, bvfA in all 5 Brucella abortus samples was noted, by PCR assay targeting specific genes. The identification of virulent genes in the positive samples confirms their pathogenicity concerning their survival, colonization, and evasion of the animal immune response. This underscores the necessity for ongoing research to formulate effective disease management strategies.
Integrated Computational Pipeline for the Identification of Novel PARP-1 Inhibitors: Hybrid Virtual Screening and Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Wang Guan , Guo Jingjing , Xu Feng , Ji Mingjuan
Published: August 2024

Despite the promising anticancer properties of PARP-1 inhibitors, their clinical use is hindered by side effects. It is crucial to explore new structural variants of these inhibitors to increase efficacy and minimize side effects, enhancing their clinical viability and therapeutic scope. In this study, we developed a virtual screening workflow that synergistically integrates Transfoxmol, KarmaDock, and PLANET with AutoDock Vina's capabilities. Through structural clustering, we identified ten potential PARP-1 inhibitors. Additionally, through molecular dynamics simulations and MM/PBSA, we elucidated the binding modes of compounds 1, 3, 6, and 9 with PARP-1, providing insights for drug development.
Acquisition of similar properties by filters in the same stream of a multistream convolutional neural network
Authors: Tamura Hiroshi
Published: August 2024

Functional modular organization is observed in a variety of cortical areas in the brain. In the visual cortex of primates, adjacent neurons often respond to the same visual submodality, such as color or orientation, and have a similar preferred orientation or preferred color. However, it remains unclear why functional modular organization emerges in the cerebral cortex. In the present study, I constructed and trained a multistream convolutional neural network to examine whether filters in the same stream acquire similar properties. Although filters in the same stream were able to develop any structures, they acquired similar degrees of stimulus selectivity and similar stimulus preferences. The deletion of filters in a single stream that had similar degrees of stimulus selectivity resulted in larger decreases in classification accuracy than the deletion of those that did not. By contrast, the deletion of filters in a single stream that shared a preferred stimulus resulted in similar decreases in classification accuracy to the deletion of those that did not. Together, these findings suggest that filters with similar degrees of stimulus selectivity in the same stream are required for optimal task performance of the neural network, and probably of the brain.
A fractional-order predator-prey model analysis ascribable to cannibalism in predator species together with predation by immature predators
Authors: Roy Tapasvini , Bhattacharjee Debasish
Published: August 2024

The synergism among the prey species, the immature predator and the matured predator species, where the cannibalism in the predator species with the aspect of predation of the immature predators by the matured predators is appraised. Consequential to this cannibalism scenario, the young ones have to hunt themselves, and hence the incorporation of hunting of the prey by the immature predators and its correspondence to their transition into the matured stage. The efficacious nature of memory too, is explored by inculcating Caputo’s fractional order derivatives in lieu of ordinary derivatives. The constructed system’s applicability is proved. For the attainment of desirable population densities, the local and the global stability at the equilibrium points are surveyed, along with the conditions associated with Hopf bifurcation. Though numerical simulation, the dynamic behaviour of the whole system is seen corresponding to the changes in the environmental parameters, thereby their importance pertaining to the memory effect. Cannibalism has a stabilizing impact on the system, while for a higher recollection ability, any impact of cannibalism vanishes; the reproduction capability from cannibalism is discussed in detail; the transition rate from the immature predators’ hunting unveils twice-occurring Hopf bifurcation for some numerical values of the memory effect.
2020 AMS Classifications: 34C23,92D25,92D40
The GLP-1R Agonist Exenatide Improves Sheep Sperm Motility by Regulating Cellular Metabolic Levels
Authors: Wang Ziteng , Zhu Zhendong , Liu Luwei , Li Wenjia , Min Lingjiang
Published: August 2024

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a peptide hormone involved in regulating insulin secretion and energy metabolism. It typically needs to bind to Glucagon-like peptide-1 Receptor (GLP-1R) in the body to exert its regulatory effects. Exenatide-4 (EX-4) is a synthetic GLP-1 analogue that is widely used as a weight loss and blood sugar-lowering medication due to its high stability and slow degradation rate. Since there is no current research on whether GLP-1 affects energy metabolism and sperm motility, it is necessary thatthe effects of GLP-1 analogues on sperm motility and energy metabolism will be investigated by treating sheep sperm with EX-4. Our results showed that GLP-1R was present in sheep sperm, and expressed in the head of the sperm. After concentration screening, it was found that 300 pM EX-4 was most effective for improving sheep sperm motility. Incubating sperm with EX-4 resulted in a significant increase in LDH, G6PDH, lipase activity, and ATP content (P < 0.05), while triglyceride content significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Additionally, EX-4 significantly promoted insulin secretion in sheep sperm (P < 0.05). When EX-4 was used in combination with GLP-1R inhibitor (GLP-1R AB), the levels of LDH, G6PDH, lipase activity, ATP content, and insulin concentration significantly decreased (P < 0.05), while triglyceride content significantly increased (P < 0.05). The further results showed that EX-4 effectively promoted cholesterol efflux in sheep sperm (P < 0.05), which is beneficial for sperm energy acquisition and maturation. Both insulin receptor inhibitors (IR AB) and GLP-1R AB reduced the promoting effect of EX-4 on cholesterol efflux in sheep sperm (P < 0.05). Our other results revealed that EX-4 regulates sperm metabolism through the GLP-1R/PI3K/Akt pathway, enhancing energy levels in sheep sperm. Generally, sperm motility is closely related to metabolic levels, and it is believed that EX-4 enhances the activity of some metabolic enzymes in sheep sperm by activating this signaling pathway, thereby promoting energy acquisition, maturation, and significantly improving sperm motility.
Consumption trends, trading patterns and economic development in Italy across centuries - data analysis of Roman amphorae in a long-term perspective
Authors: Komar Paulina , Brughmans Tom , Borisova Ekaterina
Published: August 2024

This paper presents novel insights into the long-term chronological patterns related to the distribution and consumption of amphora-borne foodstuffs in Italy. The study specifically focuses on the consumption of wine, olive oil, and fish sauces, both produced locally and imported from the provinces. Notably, it contributes significantly to our understanding of the Roman economy by revealing significant changes in the patterns of consumption and distribution of these foodstuffs over time on a scale that was previously unknown. One of the key findings of our analysis is the demonstration that the consumption patterns observed in different areas of Italy were similar, suggesting an equal pace of development in both urban and rural settlements across the Apennine peninsula. Importantly, quantitative evidence shows that the consumption pattern observed in the capital city of Rome is less exceptional than previously believed, challenging existing perceptions about the city's uniqueness. The study draws upon a substantial dataset comprising 28,851 diagnostic amphora fragments excavated and documented from 28 different urban and rural settlements in the North Adriatic and central Italy, spanning the period from the 4th c. BCE to the 7th c. CE. The analytical approach employs a probabilistic aoristic method, evenly distributing amphora frequencies across relevant date ranges.
Two Successive mass ejections from AR0715 on December 30, 2004
Authors: K Mahalakshmi
Published: August 2024

The initiation of the Coronal Mass Ejections (CME) on 30 December 2004 at 10:57 UT with an initial speed 1250 km/s has been studied using multiwavelength data. EUV, radio H-alpha images have a significant role to identify the multiple reconnection. The reconnections occurred on the northern and southern part of Active Region (AR) leads to C1.3 and M2.2 flare. The southern arcade system expands and reconnects with the overlying field lines lead to the fast wide CME. The multiwavelength signatures provide the evidence that the multiple internal reconnections followed by external reconnection causes the large scale eruptions at 10:50 UT. Radio signatures also provide evidence for this scenario.
Impact of fine management of enteral nutrition on nutritional status and feeding intolerance in critically ill stroke patients
Authors: Huang Neng , huo Cailing , Zhu Yutong , He Jing , Liu Zuoyan
Published: August 2024

Background: Critically ill stroke patients often have dysphagia, which prevents them from taking in nutrients normally. In addition, they are in a prolonged state of high stress, high metabolism and low immunity, and early enteral nutrition support plays an important therapeutic role. However, food intolerance often occurs during feeding.
Objective: To investigate the effect of fine management of enteral nutrition on nutritional status and nutritional intolerance in critically ill stroke patients.
Methods: A convenience sampling method was used to retrospectively collect 81 critically ill stroke patients hospitalized in our department from January 2021 to December 2021 as the control group, and 81 critically ill stroke patients hospitalized in our department from January 2022 to December 2022 were selected as the observation group. The control group was given daily nutritional management, and the observation group implemented enteral nutrition refinement management, comparing the nutritional status (including serum albumin, hemoglobin, triceps skinfold thickness, and triceps muscle circumference of the upper arm on the nonparalyzed side), the incidence of feeding intolerance, acute physiological and chronic health (APACHE II) score, and the efficiency of refinement management at the time of admission and before discharge in both groups.
Results: After refined management, serum albumin [(40.69±1.88) vs. (38.92±1.21)g/L；t=-7.147，p=0.000] and hemoglobin [(114.40±8.00)vs.(110.57±6.52)g/L；t=-3.337，p=0.001] values in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, triceps skinfold thickness [(12.29±2.0) vs. (11.20±2.40）mm；t=-3.087，p=0.002] and triceps muscle circumference [(21.11±1.47) vs. (19.86±1.65)cm,t=-5.068，p=0.000] levels of the upper arm on the nonparalyzed side were higher than those of the control group (p < 0.05), the incidence of enteral nutrition intolerance was lower than that of the control group (p < 0.05), and the APACHE II score [(15.06±2.89) vs. (19.85±3.36) points, t=9.236，P=0.000] was lower than that of the control group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Refined management of enteral nutrition not only improves the nutritional status of patients but also prevents the occurrence of feeding intolerance in critically ill stroke patients, which is beneficial to the disease recovery and prognosis of critically ill stroke patients.
Nutritional Profile and Heavy Metal Content of Blood Clam Anadorra granosa Collected from Vashi Creek, Maharashtra, India
Authors: K Asha K , J Laly S , Raj Rehana , S Greeshma S , Kumar Abhay , Sharma Shravan Kumar , Xavier Martin , Zynudheen A A , Rangaswamy Anandan , Jaganath Bindu
Published: August 2024

Micro-nutrient deficient diets leading to hidden hunger are a fact of everyday life for millions in India. Blood clams, Anadorra granosa, are abundantly available in the Vashi Creek, Maharashtra and are affordable sources of macro and micronutrients that fulfil the nutritional requirements of the local population. Anemia is widely prevalent in India and the percentage of women and children suffering from anemia has been rising in Maharashtra. Concerted efforts are needed for India to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal 2 on Zero Hunger which calls for ending all forms of hunger by year 2030. Blood clams are an affordable resource that can provide consumers with significant amount of protein, fat and minerals. Nutritional profiling of this resource was carried out to for six months from September, 2023 to February 2024. Amino acid profiling revealed the presence of all essential amino acids except methionine, at levels higher than those recommended by FAO/WHO. Total essential amino acids were 35.49 g/100g as against the FAO/WHO recommended value of 29.6 g/100g. The atherogenicity index of blood clam fat was 0.84 and thrombogenecity index ranged from 0.14–0.87 which are within the normal reported range for fish/shellfish. n6: n3 PUFA ratio and n3: n6 PUFA ratios were 0.15 and 6.31 respectively. Foods with high n3: n6 PUFA ratio and a low n6: n3 PUFA ratio have known to be cardioprotective. Blood clams showed significant levels of macro-minerals; potassium (252 mg/100 g) showing the highest levels followed by calcium (234.3 mg/100 g), sodium (198.7 mg/100 g) and magnesium (128.4 mg/100 g) and trace elements like iron (1052 ppm), zinc (130 ppm), manganese (46 ppm), copper selenium, molybdenum, nickel and cobalt. Heavy metals detected were within the normal range as prescribed by various national and international regulatory agencies including FSSAI, USFDA, FAO, CODEX, EU and WHO.
Dummy-template imprinted bovine serum albumin for extraction of zearalenone
Authors: Presnyakov Kirill , Ilicheva Polina , Tsyupka Daria , Khudina Ekaterina , Pozharov Mikhail , Pidenko Pavel , Burmistrova Natalia
Published: August 2024

The aim of this study is to develop molecularly imprinted protein specific to zearalenone (ZEN). The primary idea of our study was to replace the toxic template (ZEN) with dummy template (4-hydroxicoumarin) during the synthesis of imprinted proteins (IPs). The choice of the dummy template was made based on the results of comprehensive evaluation that included a combination of blind docking and molecular dynamic simulations. Furthermore, the influence of protonation and purification conditions to IPs sorption capacity was studied. 3D fluorescence spectroscopy was used for monitoring the process of bovine serum albumin (BSA) imprinting. The modified purification approach allowed reducing the eluent volume and purification time by approximately 300 and 48 times. . The imprinted BSA was then used to produce bioinorganic sorbent (IPs-BIS) based on SiO2 nanoparticles, that, as far as we know, have never been described before. The synthesized IPs-BIS were successfully applied as ZEN sorbents in model solutions (Qmax = 1.70±0.15 mg g−1, imprinting factor = 2.5) and artificially contaminated wheat extract (Qmax = 2.24±0.02 mg g−1) confirmed by HPLC–UV determination. We believe that our method can be used for mycotoxins monitoring in animal feeds and foodstuff.
ERCP application in preoperative complications of pediatric choledochal cyst
Authors: Zhang Tian , Wu Wenjie , Shu Yijun , Weng Hao , Weng Mingzhe , Zhou Ying , Wang Xuefeng
Published: August 2024

Purpose Currently, there is no established guideline for the application of ERCP in children with choledochal cyst. This study aimed to investigate the safety and effectiveness of ERCP in nmanaging preoperative complications of choledochal cyst in children, as well as the timing for definitive surgery following ERCP. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of medical records for 68 pediatric patients who presented with complications of choledochal cyst, including pancreatitis and biliary obstruction combined with cholangitis. All patients underwent ERCP treatment followed by definitive surgery. The primary outcomes assessed included treatment efficacy, post-ERCP complication, and the impact of ERCP on definitive surgical procedures. Results Among the 68 patients studied, 41 presented with pancreatitis, while the remaining patients had biliary obstruction and cholangitis. Sixty-five patients successfully completed their treatments, with 64 experiencing alleviation of symptoms. Significant improvements were observed in serum amylase levels and liver function tests following ERCP. Post-ERCP complications occurred in three cases, including one case of pancreatitis and two cases of infection. The median interval between ERCP and surgery was 11 days. There was no significant difference in primary outcomes, such as surgical duration, rate of minimally invasive surgery, conversion to open surgery, intraoperative bleeding volume, intraoperative blood transfusion, postoperative complications, or average length of hospital stay, between the early surgery group (≤ 2 weeks) and the late surgery group (> 2 weeks). Conclusion ERCP was proved to be a safe and effective intervention for alleviating preoperative complications in pediatric patients with choledochal cyst. Early definitive surgery following ERCP did not significantly impact the perioperative outcomes of pediatric patients.
Sex differences in blood accumulation of neurodegenerative-related proteins and antioxidant responses to regular physical exercise
Authors: Chelucci Elisa , Scarfò Giorgia , Piccarducci Rebecca , Rizza Antonio , Fusi Jonathan , Epifani Francesco , Carpi Sara , Polini Beatrice , Betti Laura , Costa Barbara , Taliani Sabrina , Cela Vito , Artini Paolo , Daniele Simona , Martini Claudia , Franzoni Ferdinando
Published: August 2024

Physical activity (PA) has been demonstrated to improve cognitive function, thereby preventing/slowing neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Biological responses to PA and vulnerabilities to NDs are emerging to be gender-related. Herein, known ND-associated markers (β-amyloid, tau, α-synuclein), main sex steroid hormones, antioxidant responses, and key gene transcription modulators were evaluated in the blood of physically active and sedentary women and men. In our hands, females presented higher basal erythrocytes β-amyloid and α-synuclein amounts than males. Regular PA was able to significantly reduce the erythrocytes content of β-amyloid in females and the tau levels in males, suggesting that these differences may be mediated by organizational actions of sex steroid hormones during development. Furthermore, despite a comparable plasma antioxidant capability (AOC) between males and females, in the latter group PA significantly enhance AOC versus peroxynitrite radicals only. Finally, regular PA modulated the levels of transcription factor Nrf2 in erythrocytes, as well as the plasma concentration of the microRNA miR-195, miR-153, suggesting promotion of antioxidant/autophagic processes associated to ND-related proteins. Overall, these results could shed light on how cerebral adaptations to PA differs between males and females, especially with regard to blood accumulation of ND-proteins and mechanisms of antioxidant responses to regular exercise.
Exploring Microplastic Interactions with Reef-Building Corals Across Flow Conditions
Authors: Axworthy Jeremy B. , Wang Sicheng , Sofield Ruth M. , Chávez-Dorado Julio E. , DiBenedetto Michelle H. , Padilla-Gamiño Jacqueline L.
Published: August 2024

Microplastics are increasing in marine environments worldwide, but their fate is not fully understood. Reef-building corals are suggested to serve as sinks for microplastics via active removal through ingestion and passive removal by adhesion. However, it is unknown which type of plastics are more likely to be ingested or adhered to corals and whether water flow or coral morphology affects these processes. We exposed the corals, Leptoseris sp., Montipora capitata, Montipora digitata, and Pocillopora acuta to weathered polyester fibers, acrylic fibers, and polystyrene fragments under three unidirectional flow regimes (2.6, 5.0 and 7.5 cm s− 1). Adhesion rates were 3.9 times higher than ingestion rates and fibers were the dominant type of microplastics for both ingestion and adhesion. Flow significantly affected adhesion but not ingestion. Species was a significant factor for both ingestion and adhesion, but we did not find a significant correlation to morphological traits for either process. Moreover, on M. capitata, we observed higher adhesion rates on exposed skeleton than live tissue, suggesting that M. capitata actively removes microplastics from its surface and that non-living sections of reefs may also serve as an important sink for microplastic pollution. Our data revealed that processes that influence coral and microplastic interactions are complex but appear to be species-specific and are likely influenced by feeding strategies and other characteristics of corals. We also highlight the potential for non-living structures on reefs to serve as microplastic sinks.
Leveraging Geo-Spatial Data to Model Cervical Cancer Incidence Patterns in Southwestern Uganda.
Authors: Engwau Tonny , Kawuma Simon , Kajabwangu Rogers
Published: August 2024

Background: Cervical cancer is a major public health issue in Uganda, causing over 2,500 deaths annually. Despite the high burden, most Ugandan women lack access to preventive services such as vaccination and screening due to geographic, financial, and health system barriers. Studies have documented geographic disparities in cervical cancer outcomes; however, spatial techniques have been underutilized to guide resource allocation. This research aimed to develop a geospatial model to identify priority areas for intervention.
Aim: To enhance cervical cancer surveillance through geospatial modeling by quantifying geographic distributions, spatial relationships, and accessibility gaps in southwestern Uganda.
Methods: Cervical cancer registry data from the MRRH were integrated with granular spatial information on health facilities, roads, sociodemographic, sexual behaviors, and HIV prevalence to enable multifaceted investigations of risk factors shaping observed geographic cancer patterns. Hotspot analysis, spatial regression, buffer analysis, and weighted risk overlay modeling were implemented to guide the modeling.
Results: Significant hotspots of high cervical cancer incidence were identified in Buhweju (Gi* z score: 4.21, p<0.001) and Ibanda (Gi* z score: 3.87, p=0.002), where rates spiked over 100 per 100,000 women. Rural populations also had 2.15-fold greater odds of having late-stage disease. Women residing more than 5 km from the nearest screening site faced 38% lower odds of utilizing services compared to those residing within 5 km, highlighting severe distance decay effects on prevention.
Conclusions: Significant geographic disparities exist in cervical cancer burden and prevention access in southwestern Uganda. Spatial modeling provided actionable evidence for decentralizing services to address barriers.
The influence of healthcare support and outdoor access on pregnancy-related anxiety and attachment to the unborn baby, during COVID-19 in England
Authors: Aydin Ezra , Frater Jessica , Weiss Staci Meredith , Austin Topun , Barlow Jane , Johnson Mark H. , Lloyd-Fox Sarah
Published: August 2024

Limited research has been conducted to evaluate the impact of governmental guidance during the COVID-19 pandemic on prenatal maternal anxiety and maternal-fetal attachment. Using survey data from the UK longitudinal Covid in the Context of Pregnancy, Infancy and Parenting (CoCoPIP) Study, we investigated the impact of perceived healthcare support and access to outdoor space on pregnancy-related anxiety and attachment to their unborn baby. 304 families were recruited during pregnancy (maternal age 17–46 years; between July 2020 and April 2021). Anxiety and attachment in expectant women were measured using the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire-Revised (PRAQ-R) and the Antenatal Emotional Attachment Scale (AEAS). Findings show reduced healthcare support (p < .001) and access to outdoor spaces (p < .001) coupled with heightened COVID-related depressive symptoms (p < .001) heightened pregnancy-related anxiety (p < .001). In addition, results revealed that the relationship between heightened experience of depressive symptoms and pregnancy related anxiety was moderated by social support (p < .01). No significant associations were found between healthcare support and access to outdoor space in relation to attachment to the unborn baby. These findings are discussed alongside possible avenues for future research as well as recommendations with regard to the need for support for expectant families in the event of future events similar to COVID-19.
Optimizing Energy-Efficient Grid Performance: Integrating Electric Vehicles, DSTATCOM, and Renewable Sources using the Hippopotamus Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Abdelaziz M. A. , Ali A. A. , Swief R. A. , Elazab Rasha
Published: August 2024

This study explores the intricate relationships among renewable energy integration, electric vehicle (EV) adoption, and their effects on power grid performance. The need for optimized integration of EV charging stations (EVCSs), Distribution Static Compensators (DSTATCOMs), and photovoltaic (PV) systems to enhance network efficiency and stability is addressed. Using the IEEE 69-bus system, this study evaluates four scenarios, each incorporating different combinations of EVCSs, PVs, and DSTATCOMs. Introducing the Renewable Distributed Generation Hosting Factor (RDG-HF) and Electric Vehicle Hosting Factor (EV-HF) as pivotal metrics, this research aims to optimize the placement and sizing of these components using the Hippopotamus Optimization Algorithm (HO). The integration of EVCSs, PVs, and DSTATCOMs significantly reduced the power loss (up to 31.5%) and reactive power loss (up to 29.2%), highlighting the technical benefits of optimized integration. Economically, the scenarios demonstrate varying payback periods (2.7 to 10.4 years) and substantial long-term profits (up to $1,052,365 over 25 years), emphasizing the importance of strategic integration for maximizing economic benefits alongside technical performance improvements.
The Effect of Molecular Structure on the Inhibition of Corrosion of Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Medium by 1-[(4-methoxyphenyl) (Morpholino-4- Yl)methyl]urea
Authors: M Anwar Sathiq
Published: August 2024

The versatile chemistry of Mannich bases offers many opportunities for creating tailor-made molecular structures suited to different needs by simple and relatively inexpensive procedures that can be readily carried out. The choice of the Mannich base, namely, 1-[(4-methoxyphenyl)(morpholino-4-yl)methyl]urea (MMPU), has been primarily based on the idea of a clear picture of the role of electron-donating nature of the substituents groups in phenyl ring of the Mannich bases that chiefly govern the electrostatic interaction and chemisorption which decides the inhibition performance of the compounds. The standard weight loss studies, gasometric, potentiodynamic polarization and impedance studies form the methodology of the experimental approaches. The weight loss techniques to be studied at room temperature and elevated temperatures will be useful in determining the inhibition efficiency of the compounds. The polarization studies are intended to evaluate the corrosion potential, corrosion current and Tafel slopes, which will help to propose a suitable mechanism of inhibition. The charge transfer resistance and double-layer capacity values are to be calculated through impedance measurement. The surface coverage values calculated from the weight loss techniques will help to propose a suitable adsorption isotherm that characterizes the adsorption process which is primarily responsible for the inhibition process. The surface examination of the metal specimen both under corroded and inhibited conditions is to be made through Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) studies. The performance of the compounds is to be identified based on the above experimental results and correlated with the structural and electronic effects. This will help us to have a clear insight into the process of inhibition and performance of the compounds which culminate in the identification of some potential pickling inhibitors.
GC-YOLOX: Privacy Small Object Detection Algorithm
Authors: Wang Hao , Zhao Xiangmo , Wang Peng , Di Ruohai , Li Liangliang , Li Xiaoyan
Published: August 2024

This study addresses the challenges in autonomous driving scenarios, including the unclear definition of privacy targets, the propensity for missed detections on small road objects, as well as the generally low detection efficiency. To tackle these issues, we have constructed a privacy target detection dataset and proposed a YOLOX-based algorithm for autonomous driving perception. Firstly, the privacy target detection dataset was developed in accordance with the 'Several Provisions on Automotive Data Security Management.' Secondly, an Efficient Multi-scale Residual Attention (EMA) mechanism was constructed and integrated with the concept of residual connections to enhance the network's capacity for processing feature information. Thirdly, we introduced the Global Contextual Information Fusion (GCIF) structure to enrich the feature information within images, thereby improving the detection of small targets and refining classification and regression tasks. Fourthly, the Enhanced Intersection over Union (EIOU) Loss function was employed to further refine the algorithm's regression capabilities, which in turn, elevated the model's overall performance. Finally, in the experimental evaluation, our proposed algorithm was compared with other mainstream algorithms using both the newly constructed privacy target detection dataset and the established KITTI dataset. The comparative analysis demonstrated that our algorithm outperformed others in terms of detection performance. Specifically, on the privacy target detection dataset, the mean Average Precision (mAP), mAP at 0.5 Intersection over Union (mAP@0.5), and mAP at a small object scale (mAP@s) were 47.2%, 86.4%, and 41.7%, respectively. On the KITTI dataset, these metrics achieved 64.9%, 92.6%, and 55.4%, respectively. These results indicate a significant enhancement in the detection performance of the YOLOX algorithm for privacy targets and small road objects.
Comparison of Hand Grip Strength and Hand Arm Anthropometric Measures among Volleyball and Basketball Players-A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Patel Divya J. , Bhatt Krishna , Ghevariya Kruti , Joshi Pranjal
Published: August 2024

Purpose
Handgrip strength and hand-arm anthropometric measures were essential for preventing injuries and developing overall strength in player selection and practice enhancement in sports like basketball and volleyball. The purpose of the study was to assess the hand grip strength and hand arm anthropometry measures of both players and compare the hand grip strength and hand anthropometric measures of volleyball and basketball players.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted at the sports field. Data was collected over a three-month period (February–April 2019). A total of 60 players (n = 30 volleyball and n = 30 basketball) were recruited for the study based on inclusion criteria using the purposive sampling method. Hand-arm Anthropometric measurements were used to measure the components of the arm, hand, and fingers, along with their grip strength. Descriptive analysis was performed to analyze the anthropometric measures and grip strength of both groups. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to ascertain the relationship between anthropometric variables and grip strength. T-test was performed to compare the grip strength of both groups. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23.
Results
There was a major difference (MD = 3.63) seen among volleyball and basketball players. The hand grip strength of basketball players was greater (p = 0.021) than the volleyball players. The finger span, finger length, and perimeter showed significant correlation (p < 0.05) between basketball and volleyball players.
Conclusion
The study concludes that basketball players had relatively more strength than volleyball players. A significant correlation has been seen between grip strength, finger span, and hand perimeter.
Predictive modeling of cycloplegic refraction using non-cycloplegia ocular parameters with emphasis on lens-related features
Authors: SU Qiang , DU Bei , LI Bingqin , YANG Chen , GE Yicheng , HAN Haochen , KEE Chea-Su , LI Wenxue , WEI Ruihua
Published: August 2024

Utilizing non-cycloplegia ocular parameters in the routine optometry examinations, this study focuses on developing a predictive model for ocular refraction after cycloplegia. The predictive model, incorporating lens-related features, outperformed a model without such features. Notably, the IOLcl group exhibited the highest predictive accuracy with r2 of 0.964, MSE of 0.241, RMSE of 0.472, and MAE of 0.307. The physical model, validated through AS-OCT data, highlighted the anterior surface of the lens as a primary contributor to refraction changes after cycloplegia. Insights into optical mechanisms suggested a natural preference for anterior surface adjustments due to lower force requirements, enhancing the efficiency of the accommodation process. Overall, this predictive model has potential advantages to relieve outpatient congestion, avoid cycloplegia complications and widespread apply for vision screening of optometry.
Comprehensive Analysis of Sports Discourse: Sentiment Dynamics, Derogatory Speech Patterns, and Topic Modeling during FIFA 2018 World Cup
Authors: Karki Sejal , Parasher Siddharth , Divedi Pallav , Aggarwal Amit , Mittal Ankush
Published: August 2024

The global phenomenon of sports fandom went into overdrive during the 2018 FIFA World Cup, reflecting deep emotional investment by audiences worldwide. Hence, this study delved deeper into the complex interplay of sport events, Twitter discourses, and mental health—leaning on solid experience in the field of sports informatics and social media analytics. Using state-of-the-art methodologies—BERT-based topic modeling,CatBoost classification and sentiment analysis—we analyzed tweets on the national teams over temporal phases. The research found that a huge increase in negative speech over mental health was present after team losses, while victories—although generally positive—also brought inter-fandom conflicts. Social media reveals its dual nature; it can be a source of amplifying the voice of sports fans but also a purveyor of harm. Our research findings have critical implications, thereby putting pressure on the need for strategic interventions in order to have positive online behaviors and decrease the destructive effects of digital negativity on athletes and fans. This paper seeks to offer a nuanced insight into the emotional dynamics within sports discourses to offer important contributions toward designing mental health initiatives and encouraging a healthier online sports community.
High-throughput analysis of microbiomes in a meat processing facility: Are food processing facilities an establishment niche for persisting bacterial communities?
Authors: Xu Zhaohui S. , Pham Vi D. , Yang Xianqin , Gänzle Michael G.
Published: August 2024

Background
Microbial spoilage in meat impedes the development of sustainable food systems. However, our understanding of the origin of spoilage microbes is limited. Here, we describe a detailed longitudinal study that assesses the microbial dynamics in a meat processing facility using high-throughput culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches to reveal the diversity, dispersal, persistence, and biofilm formation of spoilage-associated microbes.
Results
Culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches revealed a large diversity of microbes within the meat facility, including 71 undescribed bacterial taxa and multiple spoilage-associated microbes. Ten out of 10 reconstituted microbial communities formed biofilms and the biofilm biomass was generally higher at 4°C than at 25°C. Isolates obtained at different sampling times or from different sampling sites that differed in fewer than 10 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms were considered the same (persistent) strains. Strains of Carnobacterium maltaromaticum and Rahnella rivi persisted over a period of 6 month across sampling sites and time, stemming from floor drains in the cooler room. Meat isolates of Carnobacterium divergens, Rahnella inusitata and Serratia proteamaculans originated from food-contact and non-food contact environments of the packaging area.
Conclusions
Culture-dependent isolation, complemented by culture-independent analyses, is essential to fully uncover the microbial diversity in food processing facilities. Microbial populations permanently resided within the meat processing facility, serving as a source of transmission of spoilage microbes. The ability of these microbes to coexist and form biofilms facilitates their persistence. Our data together with prior data on persistence of Listeria monocytogenes indicates that microbial persistence in food processing facilities is the rule rather than an exception.
An Environmentally Compatible and Less Costly (Greener) Microwave Digestion Method of Bone Samples Using Dilute Nitric Acid for Analysis by ICP-MS
Authors: Bussan Derek D. , Nielsen Forrest H. , Douvris Chris , Kelzenberg Brett , Grimestad Allison , Cao Jay J.
Published: August 2024

An environmentally compatible and less costly (green) analytical method for the digestion of bone meal samples using microwave-assisted dilute nitric acid (HNO3) was developed and optimized. The method employing a mixture of 1 mL concentrated HNO3 and 4 mL of deionized water gave a comparable performance to the conventional method using 5 mL of concentrated HNO3. Accuracy of the method was validated by using certified reference material NIST 1486 (Bone Meal); percent recoveries were within ± 15% for all eight certified elements. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences (p > 0.05) in percent recoveries between the green and conventional methods for all elements except calcium. The greenness of the developed method was evaluated by using the analytical Eco-Scale, achieving a score of 87, categorizing it as an "excellent green analysis" method. This research highlights the potential for adopting greener practices in trace element analysis that reduce environmental impact and safety risks associated with concentrated acids.
Understanding the effects of transportation and perceived built environment on community and individual well-being in the United States
Authors: Khan Muhammad Asif , Godavarthy Ranjit Prasad , Motuba Diomo , Mattson Jeremy
Published: August 2024

This research study aimed to evaluate the impact of transportation, specifically public transit, perceived built environment, and sociodemographic indicators on community quality of life (QoL) and individual’s overall life satisfaction (OLS) at the national level in the United States. The study used survey data collected at the national level in the United States in 2017 called the National Community Livability Survey (NCLS). The surveys were sent out to 25,000 adults across 50 U.S. states, with 994 completed responses received. The structural equation modeling (SEM) technique was employed to investigate the effects of three latent factors, i.e., perceived built environment, quality of transportation, and support for transit funding on community QoL and individual OLS. Along with latent factors, observed variables included in the analysis were perceived public transit importance, public transit need, ease of travel, and sociodemographic indicators. The perceived built environment and quality of transportation have a significant positive impact on community QoL but an insignificant impact on an individual’s OLS. Support for transit funding was found to have an insignificant effect on community QoL but a significant positive impact on individual OLS. Perceived public transit importance has a significant negative impact on community QoL, while public transit needs have a significant negative effect on an individual’s OLS. Ease of travel was the only variable with a significant positive impact on both community QoL and individual OLS. Sociodemographic indicators such as age, income, health, education, and race significantly affect an individual’s satisfaction with life. Improvement in the perceived built environment, quality of transportation, specifically public transit and active transportation, and providing easily accessible travel options may improve the QoL of people.
Automatic Smishing Detection System with Feedback Loops
Authors: Gallet Guillaume , Guerard Guillaume , Djebali Sonia
Published: August 2024

This study delves into the escalating issue of Smishing, an emerging menace within the information security landscape spurred by the widespread use of text messages on smartphones. Smishing, a portmanteau of SMS and Phishing, involves attackers disseminating SMS with malicious content to unsuspecting victims. This content often harbors links that redirect users to websites housing malicious applications and deceptive user interfaces. The primary goal of this study is to construct an artificial intelligence-based Anti-Smishing filter capable of detecting and thwarting Smishing attempts. The societal significance of this research is underscored by the imperative to safeguard personal information in the face of a continuously evolving threat landscape. The detrimental impact of Smishing on individual security, encompassing both financial and personal realms, underscores the necessity for innovative solutions. Addressing this issue necessitates the development of a machine learning model specifically tailored to identify the distinct characteristics of Smishing. While the final results are pending, the strides made thus far indicate a substantial contribution toward the establishment of an effective filter. This research project is poised to yield tangible solutions to counteract Smishing, thereby fortifying the security of personal information in the global context of mobile communications. By creating a robust defense mechanism against Smishing attempts, this initiative aligns with the broader objective of enhancing cybersecurity and preserving the integrity of personal data in an increasingly interconnected and vulnerable digital environment.
A Novel Battery Less Regulated Output Scheme for a Hybrid Solar Photo Voltaic and Thermoelectric Generation System
Authors: D Poornima , C Vivekanandan
Published: August 2024

This article introduces a new hybrid system that combines solar photovoltaic (SPV) and thermoelectric generator (TEG) sources for delivering a regulated output. The main power source is the SPV, which is connected to a boost converter. The TEG acts as a secondary source. In a conventional system without a storage provision like a battery, fluctuations in sunlight could impact the power delivered to the load. In the proposed system, the TEG quickly compensates for these fluctuations, ensuring a stable output voltage across the load or a steady current through a fixed resistive load. This system eliminates the need for a storage battery to maintain a regulated output. The SPV power is optimized using a Sliding Mode Controlled (SMC) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) boost converter. The TEG section, controlled by another SMC, uses a buck converter. The output voltages from both converters are combined and applied across the load. Simulation results in MATLAB and experimental prototypes confirm that this system effectively compensates for real-time changes in solar irradiance, making it an efficient hybrid solar power system.