bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity of Francisella tularensis Strain 15/23-1 recA - the Candidate for a New Live Tularemia Vaccine
Authors: Mokrievich A. N. , Titareva G. M. , Kombarova T. I. , Ganina E. A. , Kravchenko T. B. , Bakhteeva I. V. , Vakhrameeva G. M. , Mironova R. I. , Borzilov A. I. , Korobova O. V. , Pavlov V. M. , Dyatlov I. A.
Published: July 2018

F. tularensis strain 15/23-1 recA is different from the vaccine strain F. tularensis line 15 NIIEG by lacking one from the two copies of iglC gene and recA gene has reduced its reactogenicity for experimental animals (BALB/c mice and guinea pigs): transient weight reduction is less expressed, as well as leukopenia and thrombocytopenia during the first week after the immunization, compared to vaccine strain. The concentration of gamma-interferon in mice blood serum after 7 days immunized with strain 15/23-1 recA, was 5 times less than in mice immunized with strain 15 NIIEG. The virulence of the modified strain for mice is less than for the strain 15 NIIEG by more than two orders of magnitude. According to histological studies F. tularensis strain 15/23-1 recA stimulates morphologically a more expressed immune rearrangement in the spleen and lymph nodes as compared to F. tularensis strain 15 NIIEG. The difference of strain 15/23-1 recA from vaccine is that it is not detected in the spleens of experimental animals at 21 days after immunization. The level of specific antibodies in sera of immunized mice and guinea pigs were almost identical in both variants and there was no significant difference in the amount of gamma interferon synthesized by splenocytes of mice under specific induction. Immune mice were protected against subcutaneous challenge with virulent strain of tularemia 503 (subsp. holarctica) and protective immunity formed by the strains was lasting more than 180 days.
The Study of Protective Extracellular Proteome Staphylococcus aureus № 6
Authors: Gruber I. M. , Donenko F. V. , Astashkina E. A. , Shender V. O. , Ziganshin R. K. , Kiselevsky M. V.
Published: July 2018

In recent years, there is a persistent increase in the spread of community-acquired infections and medical care associated infections, the cause of which is S. aureus. Previously using liquid chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis, spectrum of having protective activity S. aureus № 6 proteins with a molecular weight of 30 - 50 kDa, secreted into the culture medium at the end of the exponential growth phase, was investigated. 11 proteins were identified from indicated peptides and preliminary results of the protective activity of the secreted protein-based substances (SPS), marked as «initial», were obtained. While its fractionation with ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose, the protective fraction - II SPS - was obtained. Its hypodermic immunization leads to reduction of kidney inoculation, and to kidney abscess formation, compared to the control, during the generalized infection of mice BALB/c, developing as a result of retro-orbital injection of sublethal dose S. aureus. Aim. investigation the protective extracellular proteome II SPS S. aureus № 6. Material and methods. LC-MS analysis of the received data was carried out by comparing the detected mass-spectrum protein IISPS with the results of proteomic study of the virulent strain of S. aureus Newman widely used in researches. More than 100 interacting protein clusters were identified for certain using various databases. Results. During analysis main attention was paid to 46 identified proteins involved in various biological processes. Thus, the largest group (19 proteins) is composed of carbohydrate metabolism enzymes, eight of which are involved in key stages of glycolysis; 6 proteins are related to pathogenicity factors (including clamping factors A and B, gaptoglobin-adhesive surface protein) and 4 proteins are related to stress ones. The remaining 17 proteins represent a large group of proteins involved in various metabolic and biosynthetic processes. Conclusion. The received results confirmed the data of other researchers on the identification of a large number of secreted proteins of S. aureus and on their low coincidence with secreted from clinical isolates. This demonstrates the validity of the postulate of the plasticity of the S. aureus genome affecting the exoproteome profile that largely determines the difficulties in creation of effective anti-staphylococcal vaccines.
Use of Modern molecular Genetic Methods to Study Genetic Diversity of Hepatitis B Strains on the Territory of Khabarovsk City
Authors: Kotova V. O. , Balahotseva L. A. , Sapega E. Yu. , Trotsenko O. E. , Zaitseva T. A.
Published: July 2018

A molecular genetic analysis of 23 samples of blood serum/plasma taken from patients with chronic hepatitis B was performed. The dominant genotype among studied group was genotype D (71.4%); the rate of genotype A and genotype C was 10.7 and 17.9%, respectively.
The Tolerability of the Vaccine against P. aeruginosa in Children with Cystic Fibrosis and Congenital Lung Development
Authors: Blagovidov D. A. , Kostinov M. P. , Simonova O. I. , Shmit'ko A. D. , Burkina N. I. , Shahnazaryan M. K.
Published: July 2018

Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is the most common cause of the failure in treatment and of adverse outcomes among children with congenital malformation of the lung (CML) and cystic fibrosis (CF). Purpose: To evaluatae the safety of anti Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine in children with congenital malformation of the lung and cystic fibrosis. Material and methods: 81 hospitalized children aged 5 to 17 with congenital malformation of the lung and cystic fibrosis participated in the research. 47 patients not experiencing exacerbation during basic therapy were vaccinated with anti Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine Pseudovac that consists of structural and extra-cellular antigens of the 8 immunotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The control group included 34 children who were not vaccinated, and had P. aeruginosa acquisition or infection. All the patients were under observation for the period of one year. Results: Pain in the injection site was registered in 74.5% and 76.6% of cases after the first and the second administration respectively. Further injections (3rd, 4th and 5th) of the vaccine caused much less local pain. In the majority of cases pain was mild and disappeared without medication within 24 hours. Redness in the injection site was registered in 29.8% of cases after the second administration of the vaccine. After further injections it was significantly less common. Local swelling in the injection site of not more than 25 mm after the first injection of the vaccine was registered in 57% of the cases, and in 100% of the cases after the second injection. It lasted less than 24 hours. Among vaccinated patients fever up to 37.5 degrees Celsius was registered in 23,4% of the cases. And up to 38.5 degrees in 4,3% of the cases. The reaction was observed within two hours after the injection and appeared regardless of the number of administrations lasting no longer than 24 hours. There appeared other single general reactions such as headache, dizziness or dry cough lasting up to 6 hours.
The Analysis of the Factors Determining Efficiency of Vaccination against Tick-Borne Encephalitis
Authors: Shchuchinova L. D. , Shchuchinov L. V. , Zlobin V. I.
Published: July 2018

Long-term persistence of immunity was assessed in 1756 healthy adults (4 - 74 years of age) with documented immunization against tick-borne encephalitis. Serologic studies indicate that the protective immunity is associated with age, number of vaccine doses and time since the last vaccine dose. 411 persons were vaccinated against tick-borne encephalitis over 10 years ago. Most of them (67,5%) had protective antibodies. In some cases, the immunity lasts up to 34 years after last vaccination.
Features of Isotypic Structure of Virus-Specific Systemic Humoral Immune Response in Adult Volunteers Immunized with Inactivated Monovalent Subunit Vaccines against Pandemic Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09
Authors: Vasileva A. A. , Krivitskaya V. Z. , Vojcekhovskaya E. M. , Vakin V. S. , Kuznecova E. V. , Petrova E. R. , Go A. A. , Lvov N. I. , Sominina A. A.
Published: July 2018

An isotypic structure of system antibody response to influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was analyzed in adult volunteers vaccinated with two inactivated monovalent subunit vaccines against pandemic influenza. The comparison group consisted of patients infected with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus. In vaccinated volunteers the more active response of influenza-specific antibodies both with neutralizing properties (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3) and associated with allergic inflammation (IgG and IgE) was observed in comparison with infected patients. The high activity of the virus-specific serum IgA was observed both in infected patients and vaccinated volunteers. Antiviral hemagglutinating activity of antibodies in post-vaccination sera of vaccinated volunteers, unlike sera obtained from infected patients in the phase of recovery, were higher than protective level (1:40) according to HAI data.
Experimental Research of the Influence of Immunomodulators on Efficiency Using of Brucellosis Living Dry Vaccine
Authors: Bogacheva N. V. , Okhapkina V. Y. , Pyatkova N. V. , Fedotov A. K. , Kucherenko A. S.
Published: July 2018

Brucellosis living dry vaccine, used for immunization of brucellosis, has a number of drawbacks. In this regard, the article discusses the using of immunomodulators for enhance of the effectiveness of immunization and reduce of the risk of side effects and complications. Likopid, polioksidony and timogen were used as immunomodulators. As a result of valuation cellular and humoral immunity of different laboratory animals and valuation of protective efficacy of brucellosis living vaccine, the presence of a complex stimulating effect on the efficiency of immunogenesis licopid was established.
Optimization approaches to prevention tb in penitentiary institutions
Authors: Schukina I. V. , Usachev V. N. , Frolova O. P. , Ilyin V. V. , Sultanov L. V. , Karpova L. N.
Published: July 2018

The problem of tuberculosis in penitentiary institutions is still relevant today. While the number of prisoners reduced by 3.7% in 2015 compared to 2014, TB incidence among persons entering preliminary detention units remains the same. However, in prisons incidence of tuberculosis and mortality has declined by 10% and 35.2%, respectively, over the same period. In order to optimize approaches to the prevention of tuberculosis in penitentiary institutions, we examined the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and the incidence of mental stress among inmates on their admission to an Altai territory detention unit. Based on the study results, we suggest measures for TB prevention in prisons.
The Susceptibility of Meningococci to the Antimicrobial Agents in Moscow 2006 - 2015
Authors: Koroleva M. A. , Koroleva I. S. , Zakroeva I. M. , Gruber I. M.
Published: July 2018

Relevance. One of the prognostic criteria meningococcal infection (MI) epidemic status process is the increasing number of resistant to antibiotics meningococcal strains. Aim of this study was to investigate the dynamics of invasive strains of N. meningitidis susceptibility to antibiotics in Moscow in 2006 - 2015. Materials and methods. Studied 98 strains of N. meningitidis, isolated from blood and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with MI. The study changes of sensitivity N. meningitidis to antibiotics was occured in two periods: first -2006 - 2011 and second - 2012 - 2015. The MIC was determined by E-test. Results. In the present study revealed for the first time the Russian strains of N. meningitidis, moderately resistant to penicillin (5 strains) and resistant to rifampicin (3 strains). Among the studied strains were not found resistant to ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol. Discussion. Comparison results two study periods allowed to reveal the dynamics of increasing the sensitivity of N. meningitidis to antibiotics, which confirms the decline in meningococcal virulence, and as a result, continued interepidemic MI period. Conclusions. Despite the decline antibakterial resistance is required continuous monitoring.
Staphylococcus aureus pathogenicity Factors and their Role in the Infection process and the induction of the postvaccination immunity
Authors: Gruber I. M. , Egorova N. B. , Astashkina E. A.
Published: July 2018

The rapid development of molecular-biological and genetic methods of research led to the broadening and deepening of knowledge of the pathogenesis of infection diseases, the structure of pathogenicity factors and their role in the development of the post-infection and post-vaccination immunity. In the review presented the literature data of this problem in relation to diseases, caused by S. aureus, which acquired great social and economic significance. Presented the list of numerous pathogenicity factors of S. aureus, their significance in the development of the infectious process and the results used to create vaccine preparations. Most of the vaccines in the construction of which used the capsular polysaccharides, toxins, protein antigens of the cell wall are in various stages of preclinical and clinical trials. Preliminary data indicate a need to use it to create protective immunity multiantigenic complex with focus on numerous factors of pathogenicity of S. aureus.
Study of Antigenic properties of Human immunodeficiency Virus NEF protein Recombinant Analog
Authors: Alatortseva G. I. , Nosik M. N. , Nesterenko L. N. , Amiantova I. I. , Dotsenko V. V. , Luhverchik L. N. , Zhuckina M. V. , Kabargina V. U. , Kudryavtseva E. N. , Zverev V. V.
Published: July 2018

Protein p27/p25 is a product of HIV nef gene and is a multifunctional factor of HIV pathogenicity. Antigenic properties of recombinant NEF polypeptide which includes N-terminal fragment of HIV-1 p27 protein fused to E. coli ß-galactosidase were studied by serological and virological methods. The interaction was shown between recombinant NEF antigen and serums of HIV-positive individuals by ELISA, Western blot and line immunoassay. There was no interaction with sera of healthy individuals. The antigen specificity of recombinant antigen was shown in the reactions with commercial HIV-1 p27/p25 protein analog and with polyclonal antibodies to synthetic peptides corresponding to N-, C-terminal regions of HIV-1 p27/p25 protein. The interaction between IgG of rabbits immunized with recombinant NEF antigen and viral antigens was shown by indirect immunofluorescence and neutralizing assays. Thus it was proven the possibility of using recombinant NEF protein as an antigen for diagnostic and experimental purposes.
Calming a Parent's Vaccine Fears
Authors: Offit P. A.
Published: July 2018

P.A. Offit - Head of Infectious Diseases at the Children 's Hospital of Philadelphia, leading advocate and has done more for promoting vaccination than anybody else I know in the world. He has been a staunch advocate of helping kids receive necessary vaccines and has been a pioneer himself in vaccine research. In an interview, Dr. Offit explain what can be done to calm parents who are worried and hear such things as, «My child got sick after a vaccination»?
Structure of Population of Strains of the Bordetella pertussis in the Russia
Authors: Borisova O. Yu. , Gadya N. T. , Pimenova A. S. , Petrova M. S. , Popova O. P. , Aleshkin V. A. , Kafarskia L. I. , Donskikh E. E. , Usuf E. V. , Ostapenko N. A. , Moskvina T. I. , Tcherbakova T. A.
Published: July 2018

Relevance. Despite more than 50 years of successful experience with pertussis immunization, pertussis remains an important public health problem. WHO estimated 16 million people worldwide are infected per year, a significant number of whom are children under 1 year of age. In the last 10 years a significant increase in the incidence of whooping cough has been observed in many countries with a high immunization coverage level. In Russia, specific prevention of whooping cough, is held since 1959. Specific prevention of whooping cough has led to considerable improvement of an epidemiological situation and has shown its social and economic importance for maintenance of sanitary and epidemiologic wellbeing on this infection in Russia. Goal. Study the structure of population B. pertussis circulating in Russia in dynamics of whooping cough epidemic process. Materials and methods Studied 573 B. pertussis strains allocated from patients with whooping cough in 1948 - 2015 used multilocus sequence typing (MAST). Isolates divided in five groups: 1948 - 1969 - 37 strains, isolated in the vaccination period and the first ten years of mass childhood immunization; 1970 - 1989 - 63 strains; 1990 - 2005 - 203 strains (from G.N. Gabrichevsky Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology collection); 2006 - 2012 - 185 strains; 2013 - 2015 - 85 strains. Genotyping of strains was carried out according to the scheme MAST2 on the basis of a sequence of fragments of genes of ptxP-fim3-prn. Results of sequencing-typing were computed in the CromasLite program, identification of alleles and sequencing types carried out on EMBL/GenBank. Results. Formation of population of B.pertussis strains during more than 50 years went on the way of consecutive change of vaccinal genotype strains with strains of new nonvaccinal genotypes. Conclusions. Modern population of the causative agent of whooping cough is presented by the strains of genotype 322 and 329 possessing high virulence and causing heavier clinical course of disease.
Immunophenotyping of Blood Cell Subpopulations from Experimental Animals Infected by Yersinia Pestis with Different Plasmid Composition
Authors: Voitkova V. V. , Dubrovina V. I. , Korytov K. M. , Mukhturgin G. B. , Vityazeva S. A. , Balakhonov S. V.
Published: July 2018

Relevance. The vast majority of the virulence factors of Yersinia pestis is determined by genes of plasmid. The genome of the plague pathogen Altai subspecies Y. pestis subsp. altaica has three plasmids: pYV, pYP and pYT. Plasmids pYV Yersinia strains exhibit phenotypic traits, the effect of which is aimed at the suppression of the phagocytic activity of the cells of the immune system. Species-specific plasmid pYP determines synthesis bacteriocine (pesticin 1) and plasminogen activator, and plasmid pYT - murine toxin and a capsular antigen F1. Loss of one or more plasmids leads to a change of the pathogenic properties and a reduction or even total loss of the virulence of the pathogen, as well as affect the functional state organs of the immune system. Goal. To reveal characteristics of subpopulations of blood cells of experimental animals infected with Y. pestis containing various plasmids Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 370 white improved conventional mice with standard of content and weight (17 -19 g). As objects of study used 7 strains of Y. pestis from the collection of the museum of living cultures of the Irkutsk Scientific Research Anti-Plague Institute: Y. pestis subsp. altaica I-2948/3, Y. pestis subsp. altaica I-2948, Y. pestis subsp. altaica I-2359, Y. pestis subsp. I-3560 pestis, Y. pestis subsp. I-3480 pestis, Y. pestis subsp. I-2638 pestis, Y. pestis subsp. pestis I-3479. Results. Immunograms analysis showed that changes in the composition of blood cells in experimental animals depends on plasmids of the strain and time of observation. Importantly, the infectious process induced strains with a complete set of plasmids (Y. pestis subsp. pestis I-3560, Y. pestis subsp. pestis I-2638), is accompanied by significant changes in cell populations, as the causative agent of plague blocking barrier system key mechanisms innate immunity and prevents the formation of high-grade microorganism adaptive immunity. Conclusions. Are established features of subpopulation structure of blood cells of white mice, infected with strains of the main and Altai subspecies and their isogene options which are associated with a plasmid profile of a plague microbe. Strains of Y. pestis subsp. pestis of I-3479 and Y. pestis subsp. pestis of I-3480 can be recommended for further studying as perspective as vaccinal.
Достижения в элиминации кори и краснухи в Республике Беларусь
Authors: Samoilovich E. O. , Semeiko G. V. , Yermalovich M. A. , Shimanovich V. P. , Svirchevskaya E. Yu.
Published: July 2018

The analysis of measles and rubella surveillance data in Belarus for 2012 - 2015 was presented. Laboratory diagnosis based on revealing of specific IgM antibodies, dynamic of IgG concentration or detection of viral RNA. Virus genotyping was done by sequence analysis of C-terminal region of N gene (for measles) and fragment of E1 gene (for rubella). Among 1470 suspected measles/rubella cases 92 measles cases (10 - in 2012, 16 - in 2013, 64 - in 2014, 2 - in 2015) and 13 rubella cases (10 - in 2012, in 1 - in 2013, 2014 and 2015) were confirmed. The vast majority of measles patients (88.3%) and all rubella patients were older 20 years of age. Within 4 years of observation 6 chains of measles virus transmission were revealed (2 chains in 2012, 2013 and 2014 each), for each of them genotype of virus was determined. There were also 19 single cases of measles without spreading and virus genotype was determined for 17 of them. On the basis of epidemiological data and molecular investigations 14 measles cases were classified as imported (from Russia (6), Ukraine (2), Thailand (2), Egypt, Malaysia, the United Arab Emirates, Italy), 78 - related to imported. All 13 rubella cases were represented by single cases, 4 of them were imported (from China (2), Thailand, Poland), 9 - related to imported. The absence of endemic circulation of both measles and rubella viruses in the Republic of Belarus was demonstrated and confirmed by the European Regional Commission for verification of measles and rubella elimination.
Epidemiological Features of Pandemic Influenza in Kyrgyzstan due to Influenza A(H1N1)pdm
Authors: Kasymbekova K. T. , Nurmatov Z. S. , Komissarov A. B. , Fadeev A. V. , Pereyaslov D. V. , Karpova L. S. , Saparova G. N.
Published: July 2018

Relevance. Virological laboratory of the Department of prevention of diseases and Sanitary Inspection Healthcare Ministry f of the Kyrgyz Republic is nominated as the National Centre for Influenza Surveillance and accreditated by WHO, and in 2009 is included into a global network of influenza Goal. The purpose of this study - Assessment of epidemic features of manifestations of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 in 2009 on the territory of the Kyrgyz Republic, as a comparative study of the molecular and genetic characteristics of influenza A virus (H1N1) pdm09, circulating on the territory of the Republic and the influenza virus reference strains recommended WHO for inclusion in the vaccine for the northern hemisphere. Materials and methods. On the basis of long-term retrospective analysis of the incidence of influenza and severe acute respiratory infections (SARI), and sentinel epidemiological surveillance (SS) data studied pandemic especially in Kyrgyzstan due to influenza A(H1N1)pdm09. Comparative molecular genetic characteristics of influenza viruses A(H1N1)pdm09 allocated in Kyrgyzstan, with reference strains recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for inclusion in the vaccine. Results. Overall, the analysis of the results of laboratory tests carried out as part of the routine and sentinel surveillance showed that from January 2009 to March 2010 at 38.8% of those surveyed from among, influenza viruses (at 655 out of 1687) were found. From January to April 2009 in the main circulating influenza A virus (H3N2), which accounted for 55.9 - 77.9% of the number of positive findings. Seasonal influenza A virus (H1N1) was detected in January - February (35.3 and 13.4%, respectively). The share of the flu virus in January accounted for 8%, in March-April - 25%. Not typeable influenza A virus was detected in February in 8.7% of cases. Conclusions. The results of the molecular genetic and virological studies have shown that the influenza pandemic in 2009 in the Republic was due to the spread of pandemic influenza virus A (H1N1) pdm09.
Epidemiology of HIV Infection and Molecular and Genetic Features of the Virus at the Infected Persons in Siberian Federal District
Authors: Kolomeets A. N. , Kalacheva G. A. , Levakhina L. I. , Yastrebov V. K. , Nurpeysova A. Kh. , Yarusova I. V.
Published: July 2018

Relevance. HIV infection epidemic in the Siberian Federal District (SFD) continues to develop with a tendency to incidence growth. The prevalence indicator in the district on 1/1/2015 made 948,4 on 100 thousand of the population. Since 1996 within 20 years in Siberian federal district the group which is the most affected with HIV infection were the consumers of injecting drugs (CID). The greatest number of patients with HIV is registered among males from risk groups in age group of 30 - 39 years (25.8%). And the combined infections lead risky behavior in respect of HIV infection to increase in number of the dead. Goal. Studied the frequency distribution of mutations associated with resistance of human immunodeficiency virus to three main classes of antiretrovirals in patients on therapy, as well as «naive» patients Materials and methods. The study is supposed to monitor the epidemic process of HIV infection in the Siberian Federal District in 2001 - 2015. Results. Patients on therapy, noted the prevalence of mutations of HIV to nucleoside and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. The "naive" patients in the majority of cases revealed no mutations associated with resistance. Conclusions. Established the dominance of HIV subtype A1, along with a significant proportion of circulating recombinant form 02_AG and 63_02А1.
Epidemiological Aspects of Pneumococcal Meningitis in the Russian Federation
Authors: Koroleva I. S. , Beloshitsky G. V. , Koroleva M. A. , Mel’Nikova A. A.
Published: July 2018

Introduction. Pneumococcal meningitis (PM) refers to severe manifestations of pneumococcal disease with high mortality and frequent post-infectious complications. In the context of the introduction of vaccination against pneumococcal infections in the Russian Federation healthcare practice increases the importance of close monitoring of the spread of the PM in the country, identifying areas of concern, the definition of risk and serotype structure of pneumococcus, which is an essential component of the assessment of the effectiveness of vaccination. Materials and methods. We collected 1380 cases identified by the PM on the territory of the Russian Federation in 2010 - 2014. We analyzed the incidence, mortality, mortality, age distribution, social belonging PM patients in the whole country, and in the federal districts. Determined serotype affiliation 35 pneumococcal strains isolated from patients with PM in Russia in 2015. Results. The proportion of pneumococci in the etiological structure of bacterial meningitis during the 2010 - 2014 fluctuated in the range of 18.4 - 24.8% and averaged 22.1%. The incidence of the PM in the Russian Federation in 2010 - 2014 determined at the level of 0.19, the death rate - 0.03. The level of mortality in pneumococcal meningitis in the Russian Federation in 2010 - 2014 increased from 13 (2010) to 21.1% (2014), the average was 17.1%. The most vulnerable age groups were adults over 25 years old and children up to 6 years. Among children under the age of 6 years mortality was 10.7%. The study of serotypes of 35 pneumococcal strains showed that in 2015 serotype structure of invasive pneumococcal vaccine serotypes maintained dominance, the proportion reached 75% for PCV13 and 54% for PCV10. Conclusion. The problem of pneumococcal meningitis remains valid in the Russian Federation. Active use of vaccines, especially in children, will reduce the incidence of this infection and the severity of its consequences.
Vaccination of Children with Thymus Pathology
Authors: Ustinov M. P. , Tarasova A. A.
Published: July 2018

Presented the recommendations for vaccination, depending on the severity of the pathology of the thymus gland. Highlighted post-vaccination period and the formation of specific immunity.
Safety of Combination Vaccines with Whole Cell Pertussis Component
Authors: Perelygina O. V. , Alekseeva I. A.
Published: July 2018

We consider the safety of domestic products combined (DTP, Bubo Kok) containing whole-cell pertussis vaccine. DTP and Bubo Kok safety vaccines meet WHO requirements, EF and more rigid in some cases, the requirements of Russian regulatory documents. Thus, in assessing the safety of specific pertussis vaccine and complete neutralization of diphtheria and tetanus toxins, are administered to laboratory animals much larger doses of test products in comparison with the requirements of the WHO and the EP. In contrast to the WHO and the EP in the domestic requirements have stringent requirements for quantitative content in the non-adsorbed toxoids vaccine. Compared with foreign counterparts, domestic vaccines are significantly less anti-genetic load, that is responsible for their low reactivity, at the same time they possess the desired immunogenic activity.
Microbiological Evidence of Etiology «Ixodes Tick-Borne Borreliosis without Erythema Migrans» - Infection Caused by Borrelia miyamotoi
Authors: Platonov A. E. , Koetsveld J. . , Kolyasnikova N. M. , Sarksyan D. S. , Toporkova M. G. , Shipulin G. A. , Hovius J. W.
Published: July 2018

Background. The spirochete Borrelia miyamotoi belongs to the group of borrelia causing tick-borne relapsing fevers. It is transmitted by the same tick species as Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and is widespread in temperate climate zones of Eurasia and North America. Previously we have shown by PCR that clinical cases presented as systemic febrile illness and diagnosed usually as «Ixodes tick-borne borreliosis without erythema migrans» were caused by B. miyamotoi. According to recent estimation in Russia there are several thousands human cases of B. miyamotoi infection annually. The investigation of this emerging human pathogen was hampered because the attempts to culture this bacterium directly from human blood failed. Results and conclusion: We here describe protocol - avoiding the inhibitory effects of anticoagulants on B. miyamotoi growth - enabling successful B. miyamotoi isolation from blood of Russian patients.
Molecular Epidemiology of Rabies Virus in the Territory of the Russian Federation
Authors: Deviatkin A. A. , Lukashev A. N. , Poleshchuk E. M. , Tkachev S. E. , Dedkov V. G. , Sidorov G. N. , Shchelkanov M. Yu. , Galkina I. V. , Karganova G. G. , Gavrilo M. V. , Shipulin G. A.
Published: July 2018

In this study, we report the phylogenetic relationship of RABV circulating in Russia. A total of 81 new isolates obtained from different regions of Russia in 2008 - 2016 were partially sequenced. Evolutionary analysis based on 100 representative sequences of rabies virus N-gene fragments (1110 nt) with sample time span ranging from 1977 to 2016 was made by the Bayesian coalescent analysis. Temporal estimates for major evolutionary events were done. The division of steppe rabies virus group C to discrete subgroups was revealed. According to our data, this most widespread in the Russian Federation group emerged in the beginning of the 1940th. The presence of steppe rabies virus was detected in the Far East (Primorsky Krai). The most likely cause of this event is anthropogenic introduction.. For the first time, representatives of arctic rabies subgroup A2 were isolated in the north of European Russia and FranzJosef Land. Evolutionary analysis suggested relatively recent emergence of all rabies virus groups currently circulating in the territory of the Russian Federation.
Analysis of Incidence of Human with Larvae Helminthiases (Echinococcosis, Toxocariasis, Dirofilariasis) in the Russian Federation
Authors: Ermakova L. A. , Tverdokhlebova T. I. , Nagorny S. A. , Pshenichnaya N. Yu. , Boltachiev K. Kh.
Published: July 2018

The paper presents the literature data analysis and statistical reports on the population morbidity of larval helminthiases in Russian Federation over the past 20 years. Epidemiological aspects of larval helminthiases in areas with different climatic, geographic and socio-economic conditions were determined.
Need to Control HPV-Associated Diseases
Authors: Brico N. I. , Lopukhov P. D.
Published: July 2018

I National Scientific and Educational Congress «Oncological problems from menarche to menopause» was held on 13 - 15 February 2017 in Moscow, during which there was the Panel discussion of leading experts of the Russian Federation on the need to control HPV associated diseases. The article presents the main messages from the speakers of the Panel discussion
Immunoprophylaxis of Infectious Diseases in Russia: Condition and Perspective of Improvement
Authors: Brira N. I. , Feldblum I. V.
Published: July 2018

The purpose of the article is to provide an analytical overview of achievements and problems of vaccination in worldwide and in Russia. Article is showing that already, elimination of measles and rubella from the Americas providing proof in principle of the feasibility of their ultimate global eradication Authors analyzed the state of vaccination affairs in Russia. It is necessary to expand the National immunization schedule of preventive vaccinations. The main problems of vaccine prevention are outlined and suggested the ways of their solution.
Occurrence and Genetic Diversity of Kemerovo Virus in Ixodid Tick of Western Siberia
Authors: Tkachev S. E. , Tikunov A. Yu. , Babkin I. V. , Livanova N. N. , Livanov S. G. , Panov V. V. , Yakimenko V. V. , Tantsev A. K. , Taranenko D. E. , Tikunova N. V.
Published: July 2018

Kemerovo virus (KEMV), a member of Reoviridae family, Orbivirus genus, is transmitted by ixodes ticks and can cause the damage of human central nervous system. The occurrence and genetic diversity of KEMV in Western Siberia still remained poorly studied, so, the aim of this work was to investigate the prevalence and genetic variability of KEMV in ixodid ticks from Western Siberia. A total of 1958 Ixodes persulcatus, I. pavlovskyi ticks and their hybrids from Novosibirsk and Omsk provinces, Altai Republic (Russia) and East Kazakhstan province (Kazakhstan) were analyzed for the presence of KEMV and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) RNA. It was shown that KEMV distribution area in Western Siberia was wider and included Northern and Northeastern Altai in addition to Omsk and Novosibirsk provinces. For the first time this virus was found in Kazakhstan. The occurrence of KEMV was statistically lower than TBEV in most locations in Western Siberia. KEMV was found both in I. persulcatus and I. pavlovskyi ticks and in their hybrids. Notably, KEMV variants found in 2010s genetically differ from those isolated in 1960s. Moreover, the possibility of reassortment for KEMV was demonstrated for the first time.
Experience in Organizing in Metropolis Mobile Immunization to Vaccinate Adults against Flu
Authors: Filippov O. V. , Bolshakova L. N. , Ermishina Y. V. , Elagina T. N.
Published: July 2018

With the aim to increase the coverage of preventive vaccinations of the adult population of Moscow against influenza in the epidemic season of2016 - 2017 for the first time in Moscow there was organized the work of mobile vaccination centers on the basis of sanitary transport in the places of mass concentration of people. Since the 5th of September to the 1st of november 2016 in walking distance from 24 metro stations and the railway station Krukovo (administrative district - Zelenograd) were working vaccination points equipped with the account of sanitary and anti-epidemic requirements and providing conditions for the safety of immunization. The new approach to the vaccination against influenza allowed to increase the availability of vaccination services for the population, to cover a hard-to-reach group of employed working residents of Moscow and also to implement a new method of public health education in the area of adherence to influenza vaccination.
Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristic of Streptococcal tonsillitis in Organized Collectives
Authors: Zharkov D. A. , Kuzin A. A. , Mal'tsev O. V. , Svistunov S. A. , Nikolaev R. V. , Marin G. G.
Published: July 2018

Research objective. During identification and the analysis of clinical and epidemiological features of streptococcal tonsillitis in organized collectives to develop definition of a standard case of streptococcal tonsillitis. Materials and methods. In the course of work with use of clinical and epidemiological and statistical methods of a research on the basis of274 cases of acute streptococcal tonsillitis at adults from organized collectives features of clinic, diagnostics and assistance at this disease are analysed. Results. Clinical laboratory and epidemiological features of streptococcal tonsillitis at the military personnel are established and standard definition of a case of the specified disease is developed. Conclusion. The standard definition of a case of streptococcal tonsillitis based on set of epidemiological and clinical laboratory data will allow to establish the diagnosis with a larger share of probability and will promote the fastest localization and elimination of the epidemic center, especially at seasonal raising of a case rate flu and other acute respiratory infections in the conditions of the intensive entering flow of infectious patients. Characteristic of a course of streptococcal tonsillitis at patients was insignificant aberrations of indicators of a peripheric blood.
Epidemiological and Immunological Efficacy of Health Workers Vaccination against Hepatitis B
Authors: Akimkin V. G. , Semenenko T. A.
Published: July 2018

The results of specific immunization of hospital health workers with domestic hepatitis B «Combiotech» vaccine indicate its high immunological and epidemiological efficiency. Protective level of collective immunity was established during surveillance according to the standard vaccination scheme, and epidemiological protectability over a period of the emergency vaccination scheme with the threat of professional infection. The marked lack of hepatitis B cases among vaccinated persons when carrying out immunization according to standard and emergency schemes as well as a significant reduction of the morbidity of medical staff of various clinical forms of the infection got registered. Use of domestic preparation taking into account two serotypes of ayw and adw which are contained in vaccines against hepatitis B is advisable.
Description of Outbreak of Acute Intestinal Infections in the Republic of Dagestan
Authors: Tagirova Z. G. , Akhmedov D. R. , Magomedov M. M. , Gasanova M. A. , Daniyalbekova Z. M.
Published: July 2018

The incidence of acute intestinal infections (AII) in the Republic of Dagestan in 2015 was higher than in the Russian Federation as whole, 4.6 times. In the structure of the AII of the revealed etiology, Shigellosis plays a predominant role. The article analyzes the outbreak of shigellosis, registered in 2016 in Makhachkala
Meningococcal Carriage: Epidemiology, Causative Agent, Inducing of Immune Protection
Authors: Kostyukova N. N. , Bekhalo V. A.
Published: July 2018

A review of the actual problems concerning the meningococcal carriage is presented. The review includes: the epidemiological features of meningococcal carriage, the phenotyping and genotyping characteristics of the carriage strains, the modern models of the carriage, the general and local (mucosal) immune protection induced by the carriage. The significance of genetic and virulence heterogenicity of carriage meningococcal population is underlined.
Experience in the Implementation of Programs for Primary Prevention of Human Papillomavirus-associated Diseases in the Moscow region)
Authors: Zarochentseva N. V. , Belaiya J. M.
Published: July 2018

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the programme of Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and cervical cancer in girls and women in the Moscow region. Materials and methods. The statistical reports of the specialists of the Moscow region, as well as on the basis of data of state statistics to assessment of the incidence of anogenital warts in girls, as well as the dynamics of the incidence of cervical cancer in women in the Moscow region. Results. Based on the analysis of statistical reports of the Moscow region as a result of vaccination of girls observed a reduction in the incidence of anogenital warts in 2016 compared to 2009, from 14.2 to 5.9 (per 100 000 for girls). Based on date of the state ststistics there has been a reduction in the incidence of anogenital warts in the population in the Moscow region with up 56.7 to 20.2 (per 100-000 population). But the most important effect of vaccination in 2015 was the lack of a rise in the incidence of cervical cancer in women in the region, as well as the reduction in the incidence in young women aged 1524 years. Conclusion. Held in Moscow region the program of HPV vaccination and cervical cancer after 9 years resulted in a reduction of HPV-associated pathology, which determines the need to continue vaccination programs, including inclusion of vaccination in the immunization schedule.
Preventing Complications in Pregnant Women with Mild and Moderate Severity of Acute Respiratory Infections
Authors: Kostinov M. P. , Lukachev I. V. , Meshcheryakova A. K. , Magarshak O. O. , Polischuk V. B. , Faizuloev E. B. , Guseva T. S. , Parshina O. V. , Novikova S. V. , Ignatieva M. A. , Savisko A. A. , Brico N. I.
Published: July 2018

Relevance.Pregnant women are often exposed to respiratory viruses. Occasionally, the fetus may be harmed by the virus.

Goalto present materials revealing the safety and effectiveness of local interferon therapy used in the initial stage of acute respiratory infection in pregnant women from 14 weeks of gestation.

Materials and methods.An in-depth analysis of the results of a study of the safety and efficacy of local interferon-therapy of respiratory infections presented in more than 60 literature sources, and own research.

Results.It is shown that the inclusion of interferon-α2b (Viferon®) preparation in the complex of basic ARI therapy in pregnant women leads to a decrease in the content in the nasal washout of IL-8, the growth of T-lymphocytes and T-helpers, a more pronounced tendency to decrease natural killers; positively affects the microbiocenosis of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract; leads to a reduction in symptoms of acute pharyngitis, bacterial complications from the upper respiratory tract and, as a consequence, minimizes the need for systemic antibacterial therapy.

Conclusions.The conclusion is made about the expediency of including the recombinant interferon-α2b (Viferon®) preparation in intranasal gel form in the complex of basic ARI therapy in pregnant women.
Agonists of Receptors of the Innate Immunity and Defective Viral Particles as New Generation of Adjuvants
Authors: Svitich O. A. , Lavrov V. F. , Kukina P. I. , Iskandaryan A. A. , Gankovskaya L. V. , Zverev V. V.
Published: July 2018

Vaccines for many years act as one of the most effective and successfully used medicines. Vaccines obtained by traditional methods contain in their composition live, weakened or killed microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, etc.). Now more often, modern, split, subunit, recombinant, polyvalent and some other types of vaccines are being used. The addition of adjuvants to vaccines generally increases the immune response to their administration. It was established that the formation of postvaccinal immunity begins immediately after the introduction of the vaccine, by activating the factors of innate immunity in the interaction of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), in vaccines, with the pathogen-recognition receptors (PRRs) of the immunocompetent cells of the recipient. It is also shown that PRRs activators, including TOLL-like receptor agonists (TLRs) and poly (I:C) polynucleotide oligomers of inosine and cytidylic acids, have the ability to substantially increase the immunogenicity of vaccines, and attempts are being made to use them creation of new types of adjuvants. Defective interfering viral particles (D-particles, DIPs) are also classed as effective stimulants of innate immunity and can also be considered promising vaccine adjuvants.
Innovative Approach to Solving Theoretical Issues of the Ecological and Epidemiological Concept of Sapronoses
Authors: Belov A. B.
Published: July 2018

The history of the study of infections attributed by the microbiologist and epidemiologist V.I. Tersky in 1958 as the class of human infectious diseases – «Sapronoses» is presented. Over the past 60 years in the world and especially in Russian science the knowledge that allows us to complete the development of an ecological and epidemiological theory of sapronoses infections was accumulated. This knowledge should be extended to the whole complex of biomedical sciences associated with the population pathology of biota. To solve the controversial and complex issues of the theory, terminology and classifications of population infectology, it is necessary to integrate the knowledge of specialists in various fields of research and practice in the medicine, veterinary medicine, parasitology, phytopathology and other disciplines. The ways and prospects of improving the general theory of infectology in the light of new approaches to understanding the essence of sapronoses are discussed.
The Spread of RS-virus Infection and other ARVI not Influenza Etiology in Children and Adults in the Regions of Russia from 2014 to 2016
Authors: Karpova L. S. , Smorodintseva E. A. , Sysoeva T. J. , Stolyarova T. P. , Popovtseva N. M. , Stolyarov K. A. , Danilenko D. M. , Tsybalova L. M.
Published: July 2018

Relevance.Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading viral cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children in whom this virus is the cause of the primary  infection. Goal. The aim of the study is to study the spread of diseases with MS infection in federal districts of Russia

Materials and methods.The Federal Influenza Center collects and automates the processing of weekly information from 24 cities on the number of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections in  the total and diagnosed cases (according to polymerase chain  reaction) of influenza, RS virus and other acute respiratory viral  infections in children (0-2, 6, 7-14 years) and adults (15 years and  older).

Results.The average annual incidence of influenza and ARVI, RS virus and Rhino-viral infections, Paragripp and Adenovirus, Boca, Meta and coronas-viral infections in total and in age groups is  shown. The structure of the total incidence of influenza and ARVI in  the population is presented. An increase in the proportion of acute  respiratory viral infections not influenza etiology with a decrease in  age, especially, in children 0–2 years old (up to 16.2%) is shown.

Conclusions. Differences in the total incidence of influenza and ARVI and RS infections by age groups, in districts and cities, and in  different years have been revealed The earlier onset of incidence of  RS infection and the onset of the peak in Khabarovsk and Chita are  revealed earlier than in Yekaterinburg and St. Petersburg in all 3 observation seasons.