bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quadruple C-H activation coupled to hydrofunctionalization and C-H silylation/borylation enabled by weakly coordinated palladium catalyst
Authors: Tang Bo-Cheng , Lin Wen-Xuan , Chen Xiang-Long , He Cai , Ma Jin-Tian , Wu Yan-Dong , Lan Yu , Wu An-Xin
Published: November 2020

Unlike the well-reported 1,2-difunctionalization of alkenes that is directed by classic pyridine and imine-containing directing groups, oxo-palladacycle intermediates featuring weak Pd-O coordination have been less demonstrated in C-H activated cascade transformations. Here we report a quadruple C-H activation cascade as well as hydro-functionalization, C-H silylation/borylation sequence based on weakly coordinated palladium catalyst. The hydroxyl group modulates the intrinsic direction of the Heck reaction, and then acts as an interrupter that biases the reaction away from the classic β-H elimination and toward C-H functionalization. Mechanistically, density functional theory calculation provides important insights into the key six-membered oxo-palladacycle intermediates, and indicates that the β-H elimination is unfavorable both thermodynamically and kinetically. In this article, we focus on the versatility of this approach, which is a strategic expansion of the Heck reaction.
Cross-site transportability of an explainable artificial intelligence model for acute kidney injury prediction
Authors: Song Xing , Yu Alan S. L. , Kellum John A. , Waitman Lemuel R. , Matheny Michael E. , Simpson Steven Q. , Hu Yong , Liu Mei
Published: November 2020

Artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated promise in predicting acute kidney injury (AKI), however, clinical adoption of these models requires interpretability and transportability. Non-interoperable data across hospitals is a major barrier to model transportability. Here, we leverage the US PCORnet platform to develop an AKI prediction model and assess its transportability across six independent health systems. Our work demonstrates that cross-site performance deterioration is likely and reveals heterogeneity of risk factors across populations to be the cause. Therefore, no matter how accurate an AI model is trained at the source hospital, whether it can be adopted at target hospitals is an unanswered question. To fill the research gap, we derive a method to predict the transportability of AI models which can accelerate the adaptation process of external AI models in hospitals.
Bimeron clusters in chiral antiferromagnets
Authors: Li Xiaoguang , Shen Laichuan , Bai Yuhao , Wang Junlin , Zhang Xichao , Xia Jing , Ezawa Motohiko , Tretiakov Oleg A. , Xu Xiaohong , Mruczkiewicz Michal , Krawczyk Maciej , Xu Yongbing , Evans Richard F. L. , Chantrell Roy W. , Zhou Yan
Published: November 2020

A magnetic bimeron is an in-plane topological counterpart of a magnetic skyrmion. Despite the topological equivalence, their statics and dynamics could be distinct, making them attractive from the perspectives of both physics and spintronic applications. In this work, we demonstrate the stabilization of bimeron solitons and clusters in the antiferromagnetic (AFM) thin film with interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI). Bimerons demonstrate high current-driven mobility as generic AFM solitons, while featuring anisotropic and relativistic dynamics excited by currents with in-plane and out-of-plane polarizations, respectively. Moreover, these spin textures can absorb other bimeron solitons or clusters along the translational direction to acquire a wide range of Néel topological numbers. The clustering involves the rearrangement of topological structures, and gives rise to remarkable changes in static and dynamical properties. The merits of AFM bimeron clusters reveal a potential path to unify multibit data creation, transmission, storage, and even topology-based computation within the same material system, and may stimulate spintronic devices enabling innovative paradigms of data manipulations.
Interlamellar matrix governs human annulus fibrosus multiaxial behavior
Authors: Kandil Karim , Zaïri Fahmi , Messager Tanguy , Zaïri Fahed
Published: November 2020

Establishing accurate structure–property relationships for intervertebral disc annulus fibrosus tissue is a fundamental task for a reliable computer simulation of the human spine but needs excessive theoretical-numerical-experimental works. The difficulty emanates from multiaxiality and anisotropy of the tissue response along with regional dependency of a complex hierarchic structure interacting with the surrounding environment. We present a new and simple hybrid microstructure-based experimental/modeling strategy allowing adaptation of animal disc model to human one. The trans-species strategy requires solely the basic knowledge of the uniaxial circumferential response of two different animal disc regions to predict the multiaxial response of any human disc region. This work demonstrates for the first time the determining role of the interlamellar matrix connecting the fibers-reinforced lamellae in the disc multiaxial response. Our approach shows encouraging multiaxial predictive capabilities making it a promising tool for human spine long-term prediction.
Greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions from stored manure from beef cattle supplemented 3-nitrooxypropanol and monensin to reduce enteric methane emissions
Authors: Owens Jennifer L. , Thomas Ben W. , Stoeckli Jessica L. , Beauchemin Karen A. , McAllister Tim A. , Larney Francis J. , Hao Xiying
Published: November 2020

The investigative material 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) can reduce enteric methane emissions from beef cattle. North American beef cattle are often supplemented the drug monensin to improve feed digestibility. Residual and confounding effects of these additives on manure greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are unknown. This research tested whether manure carbon and nitrogen, and GHG and ammonia emissions, differed from cattle fed a typical finishing diet and 3-NOP [125–200 mg kg−1 dry matter (DM) feed], or both 3-NOP (125–200 mg kg−1 DM) and monensin (33 mg kg−1 DM) together, compared to a control (no supplements) when manure was stockpiled or composted for 202 days. Consistent with other studies, cumulative GHGs (except nitrous oxide) and ammonia emissions were higher from composted compared to stockpiled manure (all P < 0.01). Dry matter, total carbon and total nitrogen mass balance estimates, and cumulative GHG and ammonia emissions, from stored manure were not affected by 3-NOP or monensin. During the current experiment, supplementing beef cattle with 3-NOP did not significantly affect manure GHG or NH3 emissions during storage under the tested management conditions, suggesting supplementing cattle with 3-NOP does not have residual effects on manure decomposition as estimated using total carbon and nitrogen losses and GHG emissions.
Ionospheric monitoring with the Chilean GPS eyeball during the South American total solar eclipse on 2nd July 2019
Authors: Maurya Ajeet K. , Shrivastava Mahesh N. , Kumar Kondapalli Niranjan
Published: November 2020

The impact of total solar eclipse of July 2, 2019 on the Ionosphere is studied using 24 Chilean GPS stations north–south of the totality path. The total solar eclipse passed through Coquimbo region from ~ 16:38 CLT (~ 20:38 UTC) to ~ 16:40 CLT (~ 20:40 UTC) and maximum eclipse was observed ~ 16:39 CLT (~ 20:39 UTC). The total electron content (TEC) derived from GPS signals shows peculiar features. At the totality stations TEC variations are small (~ 0.39 TECu), but it shows significant decrease (maximum ~ 2.24 TECu) for stations located south and increase (maximum ~ 3.89 TECu) for the stations located north of totality of the surface. The wavelet analysis of VTEC timeseries shows the presence of strong atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs) of duration ~ 30 to 60 min at the stations located north of totality. Thus, the results suggest an interplay between eclipse effect on the ionosphere plasma density and eclipse generated AGWs induced plasma density perturbation provided the peculiar features.
Cocaine addicted rats show reduced neural activity as revealed by manganese-enhanced MRI
Authors: Cannella Nazzareno , Cosa-Linan Alejandro , Takahashi Tatiane , Weber-Fahr Wolfgang , Spanagel Rainer
Published: November 2020

Cocaine addiction develops as a continuum from recreational to habitual and ultimately compulsive drug use. Cocaine addicts show reduced brain activity. However, it is not clear if this condition results from individual predisposing traits or is the result of chronic cocaine intake. A translational neuroimaging approach with an animal model distinguishing non-addict-like vs. addict-like animals may help overcome the limitations of clinical research by comparing controlled experimental conditions that are impossible to obtain in humans. Here we aimed to evaluate neuronal activity in freely moving rats by manganese enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in the 0/3crit model of cocaine addiction. We show that addict-like rats exhibit reduced neuronal activity compared to cocaine-naïve controls during the first week of abstinence. In contrast, cocaine-experienced non-addict-like rats maintained their brain activity at a level comparable to cocaine-naïve controls. We also evaluated brain activity during cocaine bingeing, finding a general reduction of brain activity in cocaine experienced rats independent of an addiction-like phenotype. These findings indicate that brain hypoactivity in cocaine addiction is associated with the development of compulsive use rather than the amount of cocaine consumed, and may be used as a potential biomarker for addiction that clearly distinguishes non-addict-like vs addict-like cocaine use.
The resilience of weed seedbank regulation by carabid beetles, at continental scales, to alternative prey
Authors: Carbonne Benjamin , Petit Sandrine , Neidel Veronika , Foffova Hana , Daouti Eirini , Frei Britta , Skuhrovec Jiří , Řezáč Milan , Saska Pavel , Wallinger Corinna , Traugott Michael , Bohan David A.
Published: November 2020

Carabids are generalist predators that contribute to the agricultural ecosystem service of seedbank regulation via weed seed predation. To facilitate adoption of this ecosystem services by farmers, knowledge of weed seed predation and the resilience of seedbank regulation with co-varying availability of alternative prey is crucial. Using assessments of the seedbank and predation on seed cards in 57 cereal fields across Europe, we demonstrate a regulatory effect on the soil seedbank, at a continental scale, by groups formed of omnivore, seed-eating (granivore + omnivore) and all species of carabids just prior to the crop-harvest. Regulation was associated with a positive relationship between the activity-density of carabids and seed predation, as measured on seed cards. We found that per capita seed consumption on the cards co-varied negatively with the biomass of alternative prey, i.e. Aphididae, Collembola and total alternative prey biomass. Our results underline the importance of weed seedbank regulation by carabids, across geographically significant scales, and indicate that the effectiveness of this biocontrol may depend on the availability of alternative prey that disrupt the weed seed predation.
Transformations of phenolic compounds in meadow soils
Authors: Ziolkowska Anna , Debska Bozena , Banach-Szott Magdalena
Published: November 2020

The aim of the research has been to determine the role of phenolic compounds in the processes of transformations of organic matter in meadow soils, leading to the formation of humic substances. The research has been performed based on the plant material and soil sampled from Europe’s unique complex of permanent grasslands irrigated continuously for 150 years applying the slope-and-flooding system, the Czerskie Meadows. Phenolic compounds were isolated from the plant material samples (hay, sward and roots) and soils (horizon A, AE and Bsv) and from the fraction of humic and fulvic acids. It was found that the contents of phenolic compounds decrease in the following order: hay > sward > roots > A horizon soil > AE horizon soil > Bsv horizon soil > A horizon fulvic acids > AE horizon fulvic acids > Bsv horizon fulvic acids > A horizon fulvic acids > AE horizon fulvic acids > Bsv horizon fulvic acids. A significantly higher share of cinnamyl than vanillyl and syringyl compounds in the extracts of fulvic acids and slightly higher in the hydrolysates of humic acids confirms the effect of the chemical composition of the plant material undergoing decomposition on the properties of the emerging humic substances.
Regulation of O-GlcNAcylation on endothelial nitric oxide synthase by glucose deprivation and identification of its O-GlcNAcylation sites
Authors: He An , Hu Shupeng , Pi Qiangzhong , Guo Yongzheng , Long Yang , Luo Suxin , Xia Yong
Published: November 2020

As an energy-sensitive post-translational modification, O-GlcNAcylation plays a major role in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity regulation. However, effects of glucose deprivation on eNOS O-GlcNAcylation and the presence of novel O-GlcNAcylation sites of eNOS under glucose deprivation remain unknown. Hence, we aim to determine the effects of glucose deprivation on O-GlcNAcylation and novel O-GlcNAcylation sites of eNOS. Bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) and Sprague–Dawley rats were induced by glucose deprivation and their eNOS O-GlcNAcylation was subjected to immunoblotting. eNOS and transfected eNOS were purified by pull-down assay and immunoprecipitation respectively. Novel O-GlcNAcylation sites of eNOS were predicted by HPLC–MS and MS/MS Ion and determined by immunoblotting. eNOS activity was detected by Elisa and isotope labeling method. In BAECs and rat thoracic aorta, low glucose-associated activation of eNOS was accompanied by elevated O-GlcNAcylation, which did not affect O-linked serine phosphorylation at 1179/1177 residues. Changes in this post-translational modification were associated with increased O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) expression and were reversed by AMPK knockdown. Immunoblot analysis of cells expressing His-tagged wild-type human eNOS and human eNOS carrying a mutation at the Ser1177 phosphorylation site confirmed an increase in O-GlcNAcylation by glucose deprivation. A marked increase in O-GlcNAcylation indicated that eNOS contained novel O-GlcNAcylation sites that were activated by glucose deprivation. Immunoblot analysis of cells expressing His-tagged human eNOS carrying a mutation at Ser738 and Ser867 confirmed an increase in O-GlcNAcylation by glucose deprivation. Conversely, in His-tagged human eNOS carrying a mutation at Thr866, O-GlcNAcylation was unaffected by glucose deprivation. Differences in culture conditions were identified using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), one-way ANOVA, and unpaired Student’s t-test. Glucose deprivation increases O-GlcNAcylation and activity of eNOS, potentially by the AMPK-OGT pathway, suggesting that Thr866 is a novel O-GlcNAcylation site involved in glucose-deprivation mediated eNOS activation.
Evaluation of urinary inflammatory index in rapid screening of urinary tract infection
Authors: Gu Wanjian , Huang Weizhou , Zhang Jie , Qian Shining , Cao Huiling , Ge Liang
Published: November 2020

The objective of this study was to assess the diagnosis value of urinary inflammatory index (UII) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) for UTI. Nine inflammatory indexes including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, SII and six UIIs were calculated for Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to select which one is suitable for the screening of UTIs or distinguishing the types of bacteria. UII3, which calculated from leucocyte esterase (LE), nitrite, white blood cells and bacteria, was preferentially used as an indicator for the diagnosis of UTI when the threshold was set at 0.53. UII2 was more suitable for the distinction between groups when the cutoff is set to 0.94. Appropriate urinary inflammation index calculated by rapid urinalysis of urine dipstick and urine sediment can help us to predict urinary tract infection and bacterial type, and reduce the workload and costs of urine culture.
Accuracy and reliability of maxillary digital model (MDM) superimposition in evaluating teeth movement in adults compared with CBCT maxillary superimposition
Authors: Pan Yichen , Wang Xin , Dai Fanfan , Chen Gui , Xu Tianmin
Published: November 2020

Superimposition of 3D maxillary digital dental models of different time points based on palatal vault region has been used to evaluate tooth movement during orthodontic treatment. This study evaluated the accuracy and reliability of 3D maxillary digital model (MDM) superimposition in adults by comparing it with CBCT maxillary superimposition. In CBCT maxillary superimposition, voxel-based superimposition was firstly conducted, and MDMs were matched with corresponding CBCT models (CBCT-MDM superimposition). MDM superimposition (palatal vault regional superimposition) were performed on another pair of pre- and posttreatment MDMs. The position and orientation of upper first molars (U6s) and upper central incisors (U1s) on the posttreatment MDMs were compared to assess the accuracy of the MDM superimposition methods. The reliability was validated in both MDM superimposition and CBCT maxillary superimposition. In terms of accuracy, the average linear deviations in U6 and U1 positions were less than ± 0.3 mm, the average angular deviations of U6s and U1s were less than ± 0.2°, both have no significant difference from zero. The ICCs for MDM superimposition ranged from 0.85 to 0.99. The ICCs for CBCT-MDM superimposition were larger than 0.99 in all items. MDM superimposition was an efficient, accurate and reliable method for evaluating teeth movement in adults, although its reliability is slightly lower than CBCT maxillary superimposition.
Author Correction: Simulation of blast lung injury induced by shock waves of five distances based on finite element modeling of a three-dimensional rat
Authors: Yang Chang , Dong-hai Zhang , Ling-ying Liu , Yong-hui Yu , Yang Wu , Li-wei Zang , Rui-guo Han , Jia-ke Chai
Published: November 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: The Japanese herbal medicine Hangeshashinto enhances oral keratinocyte migration to facilitate healing of chemotherapy-induced oral ulcerative mucositis
Authors: Miyano Kanako , Eto Moeko , Hitomi Suzuro , Matsumoto Takashi , Hasegawa Seiya , Hirano Ayane , Nagabuchi Kaori , Asai Noriho , Uzu Miaki , Nonaka Miki , Omiya Yuji , Kaneko Atsushi , Ono Kentaro , Fujii Hideaki , Higami Yoshikazu , Kono Toru , Uezono Yasuhito
Published: November 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Development of affinity between target analytes and substrates in surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy for environmental pollutant detection
Authors: Wang Shiqiang , Sun Bing , Feng Junjie , An Fei , Li Na , Wang Haozhi , Tian Mingwei
Published: November 2020

Different affinities to immobilize target molecules onto the surface of SERS substrates.
Plasmonic metal nitrides for solar-driven water evaporation
Authors: Margeson Matthew J. , Dasog Mita
Published: November 2020

This frontier review highlights recent advances in solar-driven water evaporation using plasmonic metal nitride nanostructures, the current challenges, and future opportunities.
Nevadensin relieves food allergic responses and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in mice through inhibiting the expression of c-Kit receptors
Authors: Zhang Ya-Fen , Shu Zhen-Dan , Liu Qing-Mei , Zhou Yu , Zhang Jun , Liu Hong , Cao Min-Jie , Yang Xian-Wen , Gu Wei , Liu Guang-Ming
Published: November 2020

Nevadensin alleviated mice allergic reactions, attenuated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and suppressed mast cells activation. Nevadensin diminished c-Kit receptor expression, inhibited the proliferation and accelerated the apoptosis of mast cells.
A glycoconjugate-based gold nanoparticle approach for the targeted treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms
Authors: Zhang Chao , Shi De-Tai , Yan Kai-Cheng , Sedgwick Adam C. , Chen Guo-Rong , He Xiao-Peng , James Tony D. , Ye Bing , Hu Xi-Le , Chen Daijie
Published: November 2020

Glycoconjugate-based AuNPs were developed for the targeted eradication of P. aeruginosa. This was achieved through carbohydrate-based recognition of key virulence factors followed by combined therapeutic delivery and light-based treatment (PDT/PTT).
Electronic modulation of nickel selenide by copper doping and in situ carbon coating towards high-rate and high-energy density lithium ion half/full batteries
Authors: Shang Jingrui , Dong Huilong , Geng Hongbo , Cao Binbin , Liu Haidong , Liu Quan , Cao Xueqin , Zheng Junwei , Gu Hongwei
Published: November 2020

Copper doping and in situ carbon coating of nickel selenide composites with rapid electron/ion transfer kinetics manifest greatly boosted electrochemical performance in terms of high reversible capacity, stable cycling and good rate performances.
Recent advances in optical and optoelectronic data storage based on luminescent nanomaterials
Authors: Yu Jinbo , Luo Mingtao , Lv Ziyu , Huang Shenming , Hsu Hsiao-Hsuan , Kuo Chi-Ching , Han Su-Ting , Zhou Ye
Published: November 2020

The recent achievements in luminescent nanomaterials used in optical and optoelectronic data storage have been reviewed.
Construction of well-defined difluoromethylthio-containing amphiphilic homopolymers by RAFT polymerization
Authors: Liu Haoyu , Zhang Sen , Huang Xiaoyu , Ding Aishun , Lu Guolin
Published: November 2020

A well-defined difluoromethylthio-containing amphiphilic homopolymer with a lower Tg was obtained by RAFT polymerization.
RAFT dispersion polymerization of benzyl methacrylate in non-polar media using hydrogenated polybutadiene as a steric stabilizer block
Authors: Darmau Bastien , Rymaruk Matthew J. , Warren Nicholas J. , Bening Robert , Armes Steven P.
Published: November 2020

Well-defined spheres, worms or vesicles are prepared via RAFT dispersion polymerization of benzyl methacrylate in n-dodecane at 90 °C using hydrogenated polybutadiene as a macro-RAFT agent.
Enhanced visible-light photoreduction of CO2 to methanol over Mo2C/TiO2 surfaces in an optofluidic microreactor
Authors: Albo Jonathan , García Gonzalo
Published: November 2020

Mixing nanostructured Mo2C with TiO2 appears as a promising strategy for enhanced CO2 photoreduction to methanol under visible light.
Correction: Polariton chemistry: controlling molecular dynamics with optical cavities
Authors: Ribeiro Raphael F. , Martínez-Martínez Luis A. , Du Matthew , Campos-Gonzalez-Angulo Jorge , Yuen-Zhou Joel
Published: November 2020

Correction for ‘Polariton chemistry: controlling molecular dynamics with optical cavities’ by Raphael F. Ribeiro et al., Chem. Sci., 2018, 9, 6325–6339, DOI: 10.1039/C8SC01043A.
Optimisation strategy of roadside units deployment towards VANET localisation with dead reckoning
Authors: Zhang Rui , Yan Feng , Zhu Yaping , Xia Weiwe , Zhang Shanjie , Shen Lianfeng
Published: November 2020

In vehicle ad‐hoc networks (VANETs), the full coverage of roadside units (RSUs) is not necessary with the assistance of dead reckoning (DR) for the RSU‐based vehicle localisation. This study proposes an optimisation strategy of RSUs deployment, which seeks an optimal RSU layout ensuring the best localisation accuracy with a minimum number of RSUs. With the assistance of DR, first, the average geometric dilution of precision (GDOP) for a specific localisation region is derived through a non‐linear recursive model. Then the RSUs deployment is formulated into an optimisation problem, and the objective is as a function of the average GDOP and deploying interval. Finally, the optimisation problem is solved by a centre particle swarm optimisation (CPSO) algorithm. The convergence and stability of CPSO are evaluated via simulations. Furthermore, simulations also show that the proposed strategy can optimise the localisation accuracy of RSUs deployment in the VANET scenario.
Design and performance evaluation of series hybrid electric vehicle using backward model
Authors: Rana Lalit B. , Shrestha Ashish , Phuyal Sudip , Mali Bijen , Lakhey Ojaswi , Maskey Ramesh K.
Published: November 2020

Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are becoming a more promising means of transportation mainly because of environmental issues and depletion of fossil fuel resources. This study deals with the basic theoretical knowledge for describing their behaviour in acceleration, cruising, deceleration and control strategies. Preliminary design calculations for a series HEV bus are carried out in MATLAB environment using a backward model. In addition to this, the rule‐based algorithm is implemented to compare fuel consumption, battery's state of charge (SOC) and energy‐saving possibilities. The model is firstly tested for highway and city drive cycles for SOC limits of 0.6 and 0.7. Further, prolonged simulations are conducted for both the highway and city drive cycles for four different SOC limits and three parameters of the hybrid vehicle (SOC of battery, fuel power and average charging power) are observed and compared with each other. The performance indexes of both drive cycles are estimated and it is found that higher performance indexes are obtained using power‐split mode and greater SOC lower limit as internal combustion engine is more efficient when operated in this mode.
Novel noise reduction method based on improved empirical wavelet transform and kurtosis for partial discharge signal of high‐voltage cables
Authors: Ma Xinghe , Zhang Dengkui , Zhang Ying
Published: November 2020

Partial discharge (PD) detection is useful to the online monitoring of high‐voltage cables, which are affected by periodic narrowband interference and random white noise. To suppress the influence of complex noise signals on the measurement of PD signals, a novel noise reduction method based on improved empirical wavelet transform (IEWT) and kurtosis for the PD signals of high‐voltage cables is proposed. First, empirical wavelet function (EWF) signals arranged in order of frequency are obtained by decomposing the signal with IEWT. Then, the kurtosis criterion is introduced, and the reconstructed inherent modal function is adaptively screened. Finally, the improved threshold function is used in eliminating residual noise information in the reconstructed signal. Compared with the noise reduction methods based on EWT and EMD, the proposed noise reduction method can effectively suppress noise information in PD and has good practicability.
Biological fabrication of Ag/Ag2O nanoparticles by Haplophyllum obtusifolium watery extract: characterisation and estimation of its biochemical activities
Authors: Rezaei Mohammad Reza , Es‐haghi Ali , Yaghmaei Parichehreh , Ghobeh Maryam
Published: November 2020

Scientists use biological procedures as ecofriendly and cost‐effective routes to synthesis nanoparticles and nanomaterials. In this work, the biological attitude was aimed at the production of nanoparticles by Haplophyllum obtusifolium watery extract. Several procedures used to describe fabricated nanoparticles are transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. UV–vis technique indicated a sharp peak in area 416 nm and transmission electron microscopy pictures show that the shape of the nanoparticles is spherical and the mean diameter of the synthesised nanoparticle is 13 nm. The silver and silver oxide‐nanoparticles (Ag/Ag2O‐NPs) exhibited antimicrobial properties against positive/negative infective bacteria for instance Staphylococcus aureus/Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli. The biosynthesised nanoparticles show anticancer activity against liver cancer cell (HepG2) which depend on time and concentrations. Also, the synthesised Ag/Ag2O‐NPs act as a green catalyst because of accelerated degradation of stable and organic dye. Consequences established this protocol as easy, fast, nontoxic and alternative conventional physico‐chemical approache.
Modeling the dynamics ofWolbachia-infected and uninfectedAedes aegypti populations by delay differential equations
Authors: Benedito A.S. , Ferreira C.P. , Adimy M.
Published: November 2020

Starting from an age structured partial differential model, constructed taking into account the mosquito life cycle and the main features of theWolbachia-infection, we derived a delay differential model using the method of characteristics, to study the colonization and persistence of theWolbachia-transinfectedAedes aegyptimosquito in an environment where the uninfected wild mosquito population is already established. Under some conditions, the model can be reduced to a Nicholson-type delay differential system; here, the delay represents the duration of mosquito immature phase that comprises egg, larva and pupa. In addition to mortality and oviposition rates characteristic of the life cycle of the mosquito, other biological features such as cytoplasmic incompatibility, bacterial inheritance, and deviation on sex ratio are considered in the model. The model presents three equilibriums: the extinction of both populations, the extinction ofWolbachia-infected population and persistence of uninfected one, and the coexistence. The conditions of existence for each equilibrium are obtained analytically and have been interpreted biologically. It is shown that the increase of the delay can promote, through Hopf bifurcation, stability switch towards instability for the nonzero equilibriums. Overall, when the delay increases and crosses predetermined thresholds, the populations go to extinction.
Waveplates: physical principles, uses and purchase tips
Authors: Zambrana-Puyalto Xavier
Published: November 2020

Waveplates are optical elements that are mainly used to tailor the polarization of collimated optical beams. Their use is as spread as that of the polarization of light. As a result, the market offers an overwhelming amount of options. Here we explain how to navigate through this sea of possibilities.
Les théories de la statique graphique revisitées par les approches numériques. De l’évaluation structurale paramétrique à la morphogénèse
Authors: Ciblac Thierry
Published: November 2020

Au-delà de son caractère calculatoire qui l’a initialement popularisée, la statique graphique présente des potentialités diverses pouvant être valorisées par l’usage de l’informatique, dans les domaines de la pédagogie et de la conception de structures. L’objectif de cet article est de montrer comment la statique graphique est ou pourrait être revisitée par des transpositions numériques, dont certaines sont proposées par l’auteur. Dans une première partie, nous présentons les théories de la statique graphique des plus classiques aux moins utilisées que des transpositions numériques peuvent mobiliser. La deuxième partie vise à caractériser les objectifs des transpositions numériques effectives ou potentielles et leurs apports spécifiques.
Baromètre BIM : une enquête sur l’adoption du BIM dans les agences d’architecture en France
Authors: Hochscheid Elodie , Halin Gilles
Published: November 2020

Le Building Information Modeling (BIM) est un ensemble de technologies et méthodes de travail de plus en plus utilisées et plebiscites en France et à travers le monde. Il préoccupe les professionnels du secteur de la construction et, en premier lieu, les architectes. Notre connaissance du niveau d’adoption du BIM par les architectes aujourd’hui est pourtant très limitée. Cet article propose d’étudier l’avancement des agencies d’architecture dans leur adoption du BIM, et les caractéristiques de celles qui mettent en oeuvre ces pratiques.
Recherche locale et théorie des jeux appliqués à la création de typo-morphologies compactes
Authors: Meurisse Quentin , De Smet Isabelle , Mélot Hadrien , Laplume David , Brihaye Thomas , Rivière Cédric , Coszach Emeline , Cenci Jérémy , Koutra Sesil , Becue Vincent
Published: November 2020

En vue d'une densification urbaine durable, un outil ayant pour but d'évaluer et d'assister la conception d'îlots urbains compacts pourvus d'une densité de population cible a été créé et testé dans le cadre du projet CoMod. Le concept de compacité spatiale est appliqué ici, à l'échelle architecturale, sur le bâti, le non-bâti et les deux combinés. Cette approche encourage les typo-morphologies économes en terrain et en ressources matérielles tout en étant efficaces d'un point de vue énergétique. Afin d'éviter une potentielle exagération de ce concept divers critères notamment relatifs aux espaces verts, aux ombres ainsi que des distances et surfaces minimales sont considérés. Cependant, viser la compacité urbaine rencontre une conciliation difficile entre les divers critères quantitatifs et qualitatifs. De nombreux outils mathématiques ont déjà été appliqués à des problems urbanistiques (méthodes d'optimisation, aide à la décision, automates cellulaires, ensembles fractals, etc.). L'étude de typo-morphologies compactes avec l'aide de la théorie des jeux ou de la recherche locale peut aider à la gestion des problèmes provenant de critères conflictuels. Dans cet article nous présentons un prototype de programme qui génère des îlots urbains en utilisant la recherche locale et la théorie des jeux.
Néo-mécanisme et approche informationnelle, culture et architecture numériques
Authors: Marin Philippe
Published: November 2020

Nous proposons de porter un regard sur la naissance des cultures numériques et sur l’usage de l’informatique comme outil d’aide à la conception. Notre objectif vise à donner une épaisseur historique aux cultures numériques, en les reliant à quelques moments remarquables de l’histoire, en les replaçant dans un contexte plus large. Ceci nous permet de contribuer à la compréhension des instrumentations numériques de l’architecture, à leurs acceptations et finalement à leurs appropriations créatives. Notre article est organisé en trois chapitres, nous considérons la naissance de l’automatisme du calcul, la naissance de l’ordinateur et l’émergence de l’architecture numérique. La généalogie que nous construisons nous donne à voir une trajectoire historique et contribue à penser, imaginer et concevoir nos outils contemporains.
Deducing transport properties of mobile vacancies from perovskite solar cell characteristics
Authors: Cave James M. , Courtier Nicola E. , Blakborn Isabelle A. , Jones Timothy W. , Ghosh Dibyajyoti , Anderson Kenrick F. , Lin Liangyou , Dijkhoff Andrew A. , Wilson Gregory J. , Feron Krishna , Saiful Islam M. , Foster Jamie M. , Richardson Giles , Walker Alison B.
Published: November 2020

The absorber layers in perovskite solar cells possess a high concentration of mobile ion vacancies. These vacancies undertake thermally activated hops between neighboring lattice sites. The mobile vacancy concentration N0 is much higher and the activation energy EA for ion hops is much lower than is seen in most other semiconductors due to the inherent softness of perovskite materials. The timescale at which the internal electric field changes due to ion motion is determined by the vacancy diffusion coefficient Dv and is similar to the timescale on which the external bias changes by a significant fraction of the open-circuit voltage at typical scan rates. Therefore, hysteresis is often observed in which the shape of the current–voltage, J–V, characteristic depends on the direction of the voltage sweep. There is also evidence that this defect migration plays a role in degradation. By employing a charge transport model of coupled ion-electron conduction in a perovskite solar cell, we show that EA for the ion species responsible for hysteresis can be obtained directly from measurements of the temperature variation of the scan-rate dependence of the short-circuit current and of the hysteresis factor H. This argument is validated by comparing EA deduced from measured J–V curves for four solar cell structures with density functional theory calculations. In two of these structures, the perovskite is MAPbI3, where MA is methylammonium, CH3NH3; the hole transport layer (HTL) is spiro (spiro-OMeTAD, 2,2′,7,7′- tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl) amino]-9,9′-spirobifluorene) and the electron transport layer (ETL) is TiO2 or SnO2. For the third and fourth structures, the perovskite layer is FAPbI3, where FA is formamidinium, HC(NH2)2, or MAPbBr3, and in both cases, the HTL is spiro and the ETL is SnO2. For all four structures, the hole and electron extracting electrodes are Au and fluorine doped tin oxide, respectively. We also use our model to predict how the scan rate dependence of the power conversion efficiency varies with EA, N0, and parameters determining free charge recombination.
Narration, argumentation and explanation: a study of the discourse units in spontaneous conversations at mealtimes (Narración, argumentación y explicación: un estudio de las unidades de discurso en conversaciones espontáneas durante situaciones de comida)
Authors: Stein Alejandra , Migdalek Maia-Julieta , Rosemberg Celia-Renata
Published: November 2020

The goal of this article is to contribute to our knowledge of the discursive environment of four-year-old children in which narration, argumentation and explanation occur. Mastery of these discursive forms is a requirement for participating in classroom practices. Even though these discourse units are intertwined in everyday interactions, previous studies prioritized studying them in isolation without examining how they are used together to shape the texture of the conversation. In the study reported here, the structure and interactional prompt of the narrations, explanations and argumentations that occur at mealtimes at home are analysed; specifically, 181 discourse units self-recorded in the homes of 11 four-year-old children from the Argentine middle class were analysed. Differences were found between the units in terms of their frequency, structure (length, presence of embedded units) and interactional prompts, as well as the role of the child when producing them. The potential of mealtime conversations in the acquisition of extended discourse stands out.
CEP164C regulates flagellum length in stable flagella
Authors: Atkins Madison , Týč Jiří , Shafiq Shahaan , Ahmed Manu , Bertiaux Eloïse , De Castro Neto Artur Leonel , Sunter Jack , Bastin Philippe , Dean Samuel Dale , Vaughan Sue
Published: November 2020

Cilia and flagella are required for cell motility and sensing the external environment and can vary in both length and stability. Stable flagella maintain their length without shortening and lengthening and are proposed to “lock” at the end of growth, but molecular mechanisms for this lock are unknown. We show that CEP164C contributes to the locking mechanism at the base of the flagellum in Trypanosoma brucei. CEP164C localizes to mature basal bodies of fully assembled old flagella, but not to growing new flagella, and basal bodies only acquire CEP164C in the third cell cycle after initial assembly. Depletion of CEP164C leads to dysregulation of flagellum growth, with continued growth of the old flagellum, consistent with defects in a flagellum locking mechanism. Inhibiting cytokinesis results in CEP164C acquisition on the new flagellum once it reaches the old flagellum length. These results provide the first insight into the molecular mechanisms regulating flagella growth in cells that must maintain existing flagella while growing new flagella.
Chaotic search algorithm for detection of discontinuities using guided waves and beamforming data
Authors: Fernandez-Ramirez Karla I , Baltazar Arturo , Kim Jin-Yeon
Published: November 2020

The goal of inspection and continuous health monitoring of engineering structures is to detect defects particularly during their early stages of development. In this work, a method using an optimization scheme for localization of a target using ultrasonic guided waves in a thin plate and data sampled from a beamforming is studied. The proposed optimization scheme finds the target by using a search algorithm based on random and chaotic walk search to reduce the number of evaluation points within the search space. The data used for the scheme is extracted from the using only a reduced number of evaluation points from the energy reconstruction map of a delay and sum beamforming algorithm. The proposed approach is numerically studied and implemented experimentally for discontinuity detection in a plate using guided Lamb waves. The combined experimental and numerical analysis indicates that the searching algorithm was able to find an acoustic target generated by a discontinuity in a plate even when the signals were contaminated by noise.
Erratum: Revisiting supernova constraints on a light CP-even
scalar
Authors: P.S. Bhupal Dev  , Rabindra N. Mohapatra  , Yongchao Zhang
Published: November 2020

Please see the PDF file for details.
Short-delay neurofeedback facilitates training of the parietal alpha rhythm
Authors: Belinskaia Anastasiia , Smetanin Nikolai , Lebedev Mikhail , Ossadtchi Alexei
Published: November 2020

Objective. Feedback latency was shown to be a critical parameter in a range of applications that imply learning. The therapeutic effects of neurofeedback (NFB) remain controversial. We hypothesized that often encountered unreliable results of NFB intervention could be associated with large feedback latency values that are often uncontrolled and may preclude the efficient learning. Approach. We engaged our subjects into a parietal alpha power unpregulating paradigm facilitated by visual NFB based on the individually extracted envelope of the alpha-rhythm at P4 electrode. NFB was displayed either as soon as electroencephalographic (EEG) envelope was processed, or with an extra 250 or 500 ms delay. The feedback training consisted of 15 two-minute long blocks interleaved with 15 s pauses. We have also recorded 2 min long baselines immediately before and after the training. Main results. The time course of NFB-induced changes in the alpha rhythm power clearly depended on NFB latency, as shown with the adaptive Neyman test. NFB had a strong effect on the alpha-spindle incidence rate, but not on their duration or amplitude. The sustained changes in alpha activity measured after the completion of NFB training were negatively correlated to latency, with the maximum change for the shortest tested latency and no change for the longest. Significance. Here we for the first time show that visual NFB of parietal EEG alpha-activity is efficient only when delivered to human subjects at short latency, which guarantees that NFB arrives when an alpha spindle is still ongoing. Such a considerable effect of NFB latency on the alpha-activity temporal structure could explain some of the previous inconsistent results, where latency was neither controlled nor documented. Clinical practitioners and manufacturers of NFB equipment should add latency to their specifications while enabling latency monitoring and supporting short-latency operations.
Exploring the Gillis model: a discrete approach to diffusion in logarithmic potentials
Authors: Onofri Manuele , Pozzoli Gaia , Radice Mattia , Artuso Roberto
Published: November 2020

The Gillis model, introduced more than 60 years ago, is a non-homogeneous random walk with a position-dependent drift. Though parsimoniously cited both in physical and mathematical literature, it provides one of the very few examples of a stochastic system allowing for a number of exact results, although lacking translational invariance. We present old and novel results for this model, which moreover we show represents a discrete version of a diffusive particle in the presence of a logarithmic potential.
Research on the patent subject profitability based on the big data analysis
Authors: Liu Rui , Qiao Yongzhong
Published: November 2020

Patent profits that the sum of the benefits obtained by patent owners and related stakeholders are the basic issues of the regulation of patent system and policies. Patent profitability is the comprehensive reflection of the R&D level of innovators and a country’s technology transformation environment. A correct understanding of the patent profitability is helpful to the formulation of innovation policies and firm management. In this study, The patents whose maintenance time was about 20 years were defined as profitable patents. Based on the big data analysis of the granted patents from the five top patent offices in the 1990s, the patent subject profitability of different countries was compared. From the perspective of profit time, the patent subject profitability of China was similar to that of Japan and Europe. The patent subjects of the United States had the highest level of profitability, while the South Korea’s had the worst. It should not be considered that China’s patent subject profitability is much lower than other developed countries or regions. But there is still large place to improve.
Fine-grained outsourced data deletion in cloud storage
Authors: Yang Zhanpeng , Feng Qiaobin , Jiang Jinglan , Chen Qiyu
Published: November 2020

Due to the separation of outsourced data management and ownership, user loses the direct control over outsourced data. Therefore, the cloud executes all of the acts (e.g., data erasure) over outsourced data. However, the dishonest cloud may keep the data maliciously. To solve this problem, a new solution is proposed in this paper, which is able to reach fine-grained data erasure. In our protocol, if some outsourced data blocks are no longer needed, the user is able to remove them flexibly, while the useful data blocks remain in the cloud. After that, the user could check the erasure outcome efficiently. If the cloud remains the data blocks dishonestly, the user can fine the data reservation. Meanwhile, we provide the scheme analysis, which is able to show the security and practicality of our scheme.
Design of air quality detection system based on bluetooth communication
Authors: Ling Qidong , Wang Gang , Wang Ming
Published: November 2020

In order to grasp the specific air quality information of the environment timely and accurately, air quality detection system was designed, which was based on the Arduino platform. This System can easily detect common atmospheric pollutants such as PM2.5, formaldehyde, CO, etc. At the same time, the data was uploaded to the mobile terminal via Bluetooth communication, and then stored in the SQLite database. It provided reliable data for later analysis of environmental conditions. When the measured data exceeded the safety threshold, a warning signal was sent to the alarm reminding module to remind the user. Experiments showed that the mean square error of the predicted value of the system was low, and accurate air pollution data can be detected in indoor and outdoor environments.