bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Use of Individualized Pharmacist Performance Reports to Reduce Pharmacist-Related Medication Order Entry Errors following Electronic Medical Record Implementation
Authors: Bell Christopher , Moore Joann , Couldry Rick , Grauer Dennis
Published: October 2012

Purpose

To measure the impact of an individual pharmacist performance report (IPPR) program on pharmacist-related medication order entry errors (MOEEs) at an academic medical center.

Methods

The number and type of pharmacist-related MOEEs were collected at 2 different times: immediately following implementation of an electronic medical record (baseline) and following completion of the IPPR program. Three different collection methods were utilized to identify and categorize pharmacist-related MOEEs: 1) Patient Safety Net (PSN) incident reporting system, 2) manual event reporting, and 3) a nursing to pharmacy electronic messaging system. The IPPR program consisted of mandatory educational sessions for pharmacist staff. The program content focused on strategies to reduce pharmacist-related MOEEs identified in the baseline data collection period as well as an individualized report generated for each pharmacist having caused an MOEE that showed their performance compared to the department's performance.

Results

The percentage of event reports containing a pharmacist-related MOEE decreased from baseline to post IPPR program (13.7% and 6.3%, respectively; P < .001). In addition, the total number of pharmacist-related MOEEs was halved after the IPPR program (321 vs 148; P < .001). Significant reductions were noted in the following MOEE categories: duplicate orders, missed orders, wrong frequency, wrong dose, and other. Nonsignificant reductions were noted in errors related to no order and wrong drug.

Conclusion

Based on the observations and results of this study, it is proposed that individualized performance feedback can be a successful method to improve MOEE performance by pharmacists.
Have You had a Smartphone Checkup Lately?
Authors: Felkey Bill G. , Pox Brent I.
Published: October 2012

Pharmacists are carrying portable information appliances that include smartphones and tablets like the iPad throughout their practice day. Consider that pharmacists are, on average, using only a small percentage of the capabilities of these devices. To maximize the efficiency and effectiveness of these these tools, it is good to review some additional categories of support where applications can help pharmacists in critical decision-making and in being more connected to the people, data, and systems in your practice setting and personal life.
Misplaced Memoirs
Authors: Shaheen Qasim Riza
Published: October 2012

'Misplaced Memoirs' by Qasim Riza Shaheen was the outcome of a year-long artist residency at Contact in Manchester in 2011/2012. Over the course of a year, Shaheen posted a series of self-portraits in online instalments on the Contact website. This collection of imagery and text culminated
in a live performance at Queer Contact Festival in February 2012 where the artist set a scenography for a limited audience to experience the work on a one-to-one basis, making for an intimate encounter with the performer and 'Misplaced Memoirs'. Notions of queerness, unrequited love and performance
in the life, so far, of an artist were declared in an autobiographical and confessional manner. Shaheen explores the fluidity and transcultural nature of queer identity through stories of personal desire, past relationships and an expressed urgency for the ritual of marriage before turning
40. Furthermore, and central to the performativity of his memoirs, Shaheen invited a male model to re-enact the moments of his personal history, thereby foregrounding both a play of identities being exchanged and the transferability of ownership of shared private incidents and sacred memories.
Borrowed interpretations and the staging of the lived and the trespassed within the narratives propose a reimagining of personal history and how the embodied as archive can be interchangeable. With his 'Misplaced Memoirs', Shaheen publicly discloses his personal voice as an act of self-distribution
through which he attempts to redraw the ethical boundaries both between his own private and public spaces and between his queer identity and his religiosity.
Using Men's Changing Rooms When You Haven't Got a Penis: The constitutive potential of performing transgendered masculinities
Authors: McNamara Catherine
Published: October 2012

This article is a consideration of the ways that transgender performers and queer bodies in performance contribute to the ongoing formation of the category of gender. It explores the relationship between performing transgendered masculinities and the constitutive potential of the law
(namely the Gender Recognition Act 2004) surrounding (trans)gender identity. The article looks at examples of performance by transgender performance artists, Jason Barker staged as part of the annual Transfabulous International Festival of Transgender Arts in 2006 and 2007 and Lazlo Pearlman
in He Was a Sailor, the Sea Was Inside Him (Drill Hall, London, 2007). Trans and queer performance work is still, for the most part, left out of academic discourse within performance studies. Engaging with trans art and trans artists in relation to shifts in legislation around gender brings
very specific readings into the public domain. This record of performance that takes place beyond the mainstream brings transgender and genderqueer performance practice to the fore.
Laboratory diagnostics of myocardial infarction – troponins and beyond
Authors: Lackner Karl J.
Published: October 2012

In the case of suspected acute coronary syndrome and myocardial infarction positive diagnosis or exclusion strongly depend on the use of biomarkers and in particular cardiac troponins (cTn). Especially in the early phase of myocardial infarction the sensitivity of cTn assays has been unsatisfactory. This has led to the investigation of many other potential markers for the early diagnosis of myocardial infarction. In addition, several traditional markers have been advocated, e.g., myoglobin, as these were considered to be more sensitive than cTn. With the advent of high-sensitive (hs) cTn assays the value and practical use of the alternative or additional markers has to be reassessed. According to the currently available data, no single marker is superior to hs-cTn for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. In particular, the notion of superior sensitivity of myoglobin compared to cTn no longer holds true. There are two protein markers, heart-type fatty acid binding protein and copeptin, and plasma free fatty acids that may increase the diagnostic value and specifically the negative predictive value when determined on admission in combination with hs-cTn. However, the incremental gain, if any, is small. Further data are needed to determine, whether these markers can in fact improve diagnosis and if they are superior to the recommended use of the relative or absolute change of hs-cTn after 3 h.
Development of Standard Laboratory Testing Procedures to Evaluate the Performance of Deicers
Authors: Akin Michelle , Shi Xianming
Published: October 2012

This work aims at identifying and developing standard laboratory testing protocols that can be used to evaluate the performance of deicing chemicals, additives, and mixtures of these used on roadways and other transportation facilities. Several test methods were evaluated for the purpose of developing a promising test protocol, including a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermogram test for liquid deicers, modified Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) ice melting test for solid and liquid deicers, modified SHRP ice penetration test for solid and liquid deicers, and a modified ice undercutting test developed by Minnesota Department of Transportation (DOT) for solid and liquid deicers. These tests shed light on the complexity and challenges in evaluating various deicers, especially the poor reliability inherent in conventional test methods. The DSC-based method was demonstrated to be very reproducible for each deicer at a given dilution ratio and cooling/heating rate, and thus may serve as a “fingerprint” tool for quality assurance of deicers. The DSC data also showed strong correlation with the modified SHRP ice melting test data, which holds the promise of establishing the DSC-based method for evaluating the performance of liquid deicers (both in terms of characteristic temperature and ice melting capacity). The modified SHRP ice melting test used in this study incorporates a control substance for reference and various indicators to determine acceptability of the data, as discussed in the paper.
A New Method for Threat Assessment and Uncertainty Analysis of Air-Raid-Target-Based on Connection Number
Authors: Chen Yong-Guang , Ke Hong-Fa , He Ke
Published: October 2012

With the aim of overcoming the deficiency of current threat-assessment approaches, which cannot make uncertainty analysis for the air-raid targets well, a new method based on connection number of set-pair analysis is proposed in this paper to make a dynamic threat assessment of air-raid targets. In principle, the interval value of the air-raid-target attribute starting from time t to time t + Δt will be normalized and transformed into the connection number of A + Bi type, whose modulus is utilized in the synthetic threat assessment of the air-raid target, and the i within the connection number will be employed to analyze its uncertainty. Examples of the threat assessment and the uncertainty analysis for five air-raid targets are carried out to prove the effectiveness and feasibility of this method. The results not only are compatible with the other methods, but also provide an uncertainty analysis as i varies and, thus, makes it more consistent with the actual situations in air warfare.
Evaluation of Ice-Melting Capacities of Deicing Chemicals
Authors: Gerbino-Bevins B. M. , Tuan C. Y. , Mattison M.
Published: October 2012

Common deicing chemicals include sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, calcium magnesium acetate, potassium acetate, potassium formate, and corn or beet-based deicer solution. Liquid deicers are commonly used for pre-wetting road salt, sand or other solid deicers, or mixed with salt brine as liquid deicer. Although manufacturers provide performance data under specific conditions, a standardized test is very much needed. Samples of sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, potassium acetate, and beet juice-based chemical deicers were selected for performance evaluation. The SHRP Ice-Melting Capacity Test has been used in many research projects, but the results do not always correlate well with field data. A simple and economical test has been developed to evaluate the ice-melting capacities of deicing chemicals using a martini shaker, which shows some potential to become a standardized test for ice-melting capacity evaluation. Field data was collected by the Nebraska Dept. of Roads using automatic vehicle location (AVL) and the maintenance decision support system (MDSS) installed on some plow trucks. The AVL takes roadway pictures from the cab and records vehicle location. The MDSS collects weather data from area weather stations. Although initial shaker test results correlate well with known deicer performance and limited field data provided by MDSS, further development work is necessary before the shaker test can be considered for official use.
Influence of heat input and solubilizing heat treatment on the impact properties of SAW joints in SAF 2205 duplex steel
Authors: Merlin M. , Vazquez-Aguilar R. , Soffritti C. , Reyes-Valdes A.
Published: October 2012

In this study the influence of heat input (HI) and heat treatment on submerged arc welded duplex SAF 2205 steel joints has been evaluated. In particular, multi-pass welding operations have been performed on 18 mm thick plates using four different heat inputs; a post-weld solubilizing heat treatment has been carried out in order to reduce the microstructural effects on the structure of the heat affected zone (HAZ). Instrumented impact strength tests have been performed on Charpy samples machined from the welded joints; the total absorbed energy and the two complementary contributions of initiation and propagation energies have been evaluated and correlated to the percentages of ferrite and austenite. The microstructures and the fracture profiles have been observed using an optical microscope (OM) and quantitatively analyzed by means of an image analyzer. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) has been used to study the fractured surfaces. Hardness profiles have been performed across the joints in order to verify the hardness variations. A total absence of secondary phases has been found on the joints due to the performing of a suitable solubilizing heat treatment after the welding process. The results have shown that the impact properties of the samples have been mostly affected by the different heat inputs; in some cases a partial welding penetration has been found.
Assistência de enfermagem às pessoas com transtornos mentais e às famílias na Atenção Básica
Authors: Waidman Maria Angélica Pagliarini , Marcon Sonia Silva , Pandini Andressa , Bessa Jacqueline Botura , Paiano Marcelle
Published: October 2012

OBJETIVO: Conhecer como os enfermeiros que atuam na Atenção Básica, mais especificamente na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) percebem sua capacitação para assistir a pessoa com transtorno mental e sua família e identificar as atividades desenvolvidas por eles. MÉTODOS: Estudo de abordagem qualitativa, realizado com 17 enfermeiros da ESF pertencentes à 21 Unidades Básicas de Saúde do município de Maringá-PR. Os dados foram analisados conforme a metodologia de análise de conteúdo. RESULTADOS: Para análise, foram constituídas duas categorias: "Capacitação dos enfermeiros para o desenvolvimento do cuidado" e "Atividades desenvolvidas pelos enfermeiros com as famílias. CONCLUSÃO: Os enfermeiros, na sua maioria, não se sentem preparados/capacitados para atender às necessidades específicas dos pacientes na área de saúde mental e suas atividades desenvolvidas restringem-se às já preconizadas pelo serviço, não sendo elaboradas atividades de promoção à saúde que incluam a família na assistência ao paciente com transtorno mental.
Adesão às precauções-padrão de profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital universitário
Authors: Malaguti-Toffano Silmara Elaine , Santos Cláudia Benedita dos , Canini Silvia Rita Marin da Silva , Galvão Marli Terezinha Gimenes , Brevidelli Maria Meimei , Gir Elucir
Published: October 2012

OBJETIVO: Descrever e comparar os escores de adesão às precauções padrão (PP) de profissionais de enfermagem que atuavam nas unidades de internação de um hospital universitário do Estado de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo quantitativo transversal, comparativo, com a aplicação da escala psicométrica de adesão às PP, desenvolvido por Gershon et al. (1995), traduzida e validada por Brevidelli e Cianciarullo (2009), entre primeiro de setembro de 2009 e 31 de março de 2010, com 256 profissionais de enfermagem. RESULTADOS: Evidenciou-se que 152 (59,4%) profissionais apresentaram escores médios altos para a adesão às PP, igual ou acima de 4,5; 98 (38,3%) escores intermediários, entre 3,5 e 4,49 e 6 (2,3%) baixos, ou seja, menor que 3,5. CONCLUSÕES: Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os escores e outras variáveis, entretanto, destacou-se a importância do resultado positivo encontrado pela valorização das ações de educação permanente pela instituição.
A rede de relações e interações da equipe de saúde na atenção básica e implicações para a enfermagem
Authors: Lanzoni Gabriela Marcellino de Melo , Meirelles Betina Hörner Schlindwein
Published: October 2012

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar as redes de relações e interações na equipe de saúde na Atenção Básica e suas implicações para a enfermagem. MÉTODO: Revisão Integrativa da Literatura para a identificação de produções sobre redes de relações e interações entre os membros da equipe de saúde na Atenção Básica e suas implicações para a enfermagem, publicadas no período entre janeiro de 2001 e julho de 2008. A busca ocorreu nas bases da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e SCOPUS, contemplando um universo de 2.276 publicações, das quais foram selecionados 14 estudos completos, para análise aprofundada. RESULTADOS: A literatura evidenciou que a rede de relações e interações da equipe de saúde necessita de ações interdisciplinares e inter-setoriais para agregar ao serviço de saúde o cotidiano da comunidade, visando a uma aproximação maior com o usuário, bem como para fortalecer e qualificar a assistência à saúde. CONCLUSÃO: Destaca-se que a rede de relações e interações vem avançando as fronteiras da unidade de saúde para agregar ao Serviço, o cotidiano da comunidade e parcerias com outros segmentos e Setores da Sociedade, visando uma aproximação maior com o usuário e seu contexto, bem como fortalecer e qualificar a assistência à Saúde.
Storage and Stability of Soil Organic Carbon in Aspen and Conifer Forest Soils of Northern Utah
Authors: Woldeselassie Mical , Van Miegroet Helga , Gruselle Marie-Cécile , Hambly Nickoli
Published: October 2012

This study compares the amount, distribution, and stability of soil organic carbon (SOC) in six paired quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx) and conifer plots at three locations in northern Utah, to assess the influence of vegetation cover and other biotic and abiotic drivers on SOC storage capacity in seasonally dry environments. Aspen soils accumulated significantly more SOC in the mineral soil (0–60 cm) (92.2 ± 26.7 Mg C ha−1 vs. 66.9 ± 18.6 Mg C ha−1 under conifers), and despite thicker O horizons under conifers that contained higher amounts of SOC (11.6 ± 8.8 Mg C ha−1 under conifers vs. 1.65 ± 0.38 Mg C ha−1 in aspen), across all sites SOC storage was 25% higher under aspen. Shallow soil cores (0–15 cm) did not indicate significant differences in SOC with vegetation type. The SOC under aspen was also more stable, indicated by well‐developed mollic epipedon (A horizon 38–53‐cm thick vs. 5.5–34 cm under conifers), slower turnover of surficial SOC deduced from long‐term laboratory incubations (67.7 ± 15.7 g CO2–C per kg C for aspen vs. 130.9 ± 41.3 g CO2–C per kg C for conifer soils), and a greater preponderance of mineral‐associated SOC (55±13% in aspen vs. 41±13% in conifer). Aspen soils were generally wetter and we hypothesize that rapid litter turnover coupled with greater water supply may have caused greater downward redistribution and adsorption of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in aspen soils.
Calibration and Use of Neutron Moisture and Gamma Density Probes in Rocky Soils
Authors: Tokumoto Ieyasu , Heilman James L. , McInnes Kevin J. , Morgan Cristine L.S. , Kamps Ray H.
Published: October 2012

In situ measurement of water content in rocky soils is difficult because rocks hinder insertion of probes and alter physical properties of the soil used to detect water content. We investigated the impact of rock on neutron probe measurements of volumetric water content (θ), and on γ densitometry measurements of wet bulk density (ρwet). Measurements were done in a drum packed with a clay loam having a range of θ and rock density. The annular space between access tube and hole was sealed with expandable polyurethane foam to replicate a field installation in a karst savanna. The relationship between neutron probe count ratios (CRn) and θ, obtained with different fractions of rock, was nonlinear, and nearly identical to that obtained with soil only, indicating that a single calibration curve could be used, regardless of the amount of rock in the soil profile. The nonlinearity was caused by the foam‐filled void between tube and hole, which affected measurement geometry. Gamma count ratios (CRd) decreased with increasing wet bulk density, as predicted by theory. However, the foam sealant resulted in higher CRd than predicted by theory because it reduced absorption and increased scattering of γ particles. A utility of using both methods is that dry bulk density can be estimated by subtracting the density of water in the soil volume from ρwet, allowing locations of the soil profile to be identified where high rock density may restrict water flow and root water uptake.
Risk for symptomatic hemorrhage of cerebral cavernous malformations during pregnancy
Authors: Kalani M. Yashar S. , Zabramski Joseph M.
Published: October 2012

Object

The threat of symptomatic hemorrhage from cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) during pregnancy remains poorly understood. The authors undertook this study to better define the risk of pregnancy-related hemorrhage in this population.

Methods

The records of female patients with sporadic (isolated lesions and negative family history) and familial forms of CCM, which were collected as part of the Barrow Neurological Institute CCM natural history study, were examined. Clinical data related to pregnancy, including type of delivery (vaginal or cesarean section) and any change in neurological status, were obtained from chart reviews and patient interviews.

Results

There were 168 pregnancies among 64 female patients with CCM (28 sporadic and 36 familial). Assuming an average of 46 weeks per pregnancy (40 weeks of gestation and 6 weeks of puerperium), patients were at risk for hemorrhage for a total of 148.6 years. Symptomatic hemorrhage (defined as new-onset or exacerbation of seizure activity or any change in neurological status) occurred during 5 pregnancies, with the most common symptom being seizures (4 cases). The overall risk for symptomatic hemorrhage was 3% per pregnancy; the risk was 1.8% per pregnancy in the sporadic group and 3.6% per pregnancy in the familial patients.

There were 19 deliveries by cesarean section: 5 for obstetrical reasons, 8 for fear of possible hemorrhage, and 6 for unknown reasons. Vaginal delivery was performed without complications for the remaining 149 pregnancies.

Conclusions

The authors' experience suggests that the risk of symptomatic hemorrhage from a CCM during pregnancy is not increased and that a history of CCM is not a contraindication to pregnancy or vaginal delivery.
Univariate Lp and ɭ p Averaging, 0 < p < 1, in Polynomial Time by Utilization of Statistical Structure
Authors: Lavery John E.
Published: October 2012

We present evidence that one can calculate generically combinatorially expensive Lp and lp averages, 0 < p < 1, in polynomial time by restricting the data to come from a wide class of statistical distributions. Our approach differs from the approaches in the previous literature, which are based on a priori sparsity requirements or on accepting a local minimum as a replacement for a global minimum. The functionals by which Lp averages are calculated are not convex but are radially monotonic and the functionals by which lp averages are calculated are nearly so, which are the keys to solvability in polynomial time. Analytical results for symmetric, radially monotonic univariate distributions are presented. An algorithm for univariate lp averaging is presented. Computational results for a Gaussian distribution, a class of symmetric heavy-tailed distributions and a class of asymmetric heavy-tailed distributions are presented. Many phenomena in human-based areas are increasingly known to be represented by data that have large numbers of outliers and belong to very heavy-tailed distributions. When tails of distributions are so heavy that even medians (L1 and l1 averages) do not exist, one needs to consider using lp minimization principles with 0 < p < 1.
Rome ou la solution à tous les problèmes européens : Georg Moenius et le concept de romanité durant l´entre-deux-guerres
Authors: Lehnert Joris
Published: October 2012

Cet article se propose d´étudier l´interprétation par le prêtre allemand Georg Moenius (1890-1953) de la religion catholique romaine comme instrument nécessaire à la restauration spirituelle de l´Occident – de la civilisation européenne – la crise de l’Europe de l’entre-deux-guerres. Pacifiste et pourfendeur acharné de tout nationalisme (et en particulier du national-socialisme), il se mit en congé de son diocèse et livra, grâce à des relations de voyages en Italie et en France, une ébauche de sa pensée. A partir de 1929 éditeur de l´hebdomadaire catholiques munichois Allgemeine Rundschau, il s’employa, grâce à cette « arme intellectuelle » et jusqu'à son exil provoqué par l’arrivé d’Hitler au pouvoir, à diffuser et expliquer la nécessité de la Romanitas proposée par Gonzague de Reynold. Admirateur de Maurras, fréquentant les milieux de l’Action française lors de ses séjours parisiens, il traduisit également l’ouvrage programmatique d’Henri Massis, Défense de l’Occident qu’il accompagna d’une longue introduction. Celle-ci présentait à la manière d’un véritable manifeste le retour à l’esprit du Saint Empire Romain Germanique médiéval, spirituellement dirigé par Rome, comme la solution à tous les problèmes de l’Europe.
La poétique du paysage chez Derek Walcott
Authors: Aurélia Dominique
Published: October 2012

Je propose à travers cet article d’examiner la poétique de Derek Walcott telle qu’il la déploie à travers les notions de paysage et de mémoire. L’héritage linguistique de ce St- Lucien anime une poésie hétérophonique qui interroge les silences et les creux laissés par l’amnésie, créant ambigüité et ironie.
Quelques traits généraux de la diversité sylvatique des Petites Antilles
Authors: Joseph Philippe
Published: October 2012

Les différences géomorphologiques des Petites Antilles induisent des variations de facteurs climatiques qui influencent les processus de sélection des espèces. Dans les îles montagneuses, les gradients pluviométriques altitudinaux délimitent des étages bioclimatiques conditionnant le développement de types forestiers potentiels. D’inégales répartitions spatiales à l’échelle de l’archipel, ceux-ci diffèrent tant du point de vue structural et architectural que biocénotique. D’une manière générale, chaque étage végétal est caractérisé par un potentiel floristique (le stock ou la collection d’espèces) à partir duquel les divers biotopes conditionnent les prépondérances floristiques (les phytocénoses). Entre ces microsystèmes insulaires, les différences mésologiques ont induit une diversité biologique élevée que l’anthropisation accentua dès le début de l’occupation amérindienne, il y a environ 4 000 ans. Au regard des divers statuts politiques et dans la perspective du développement durable, la conservation de la biodiversité, primordiale pour la gestion territoriale future, ne pourra être efficiente qu’à l’échelle archipélagique.
Spatialisation de la biodiversité en Amazonie brésilienne pour appréhender l’influence de la colonisation des terres et des politiques publiques
Authors: Laques Anne-Elisabeth , Mitja Danielle , Delaître Eric , Thales Marcelo Cordeiro , Miranda Izildinha de Souza , Coelho Roberta de Fátima Rodrigues , Sampaio Sandra Maria Neiva
Published: October 2012

Cet article propose une démarche de suivi des dynamiques spatiales de la biodiversité survenues durant ces 40 dernières années en Amazonie brésilienne, dans la communauté agricole de Benfica (État du Pará). Elle est conçue pour estimer « où » se produisent les changements, « quand » interviennent-ils, « combien » de surfaces sont concernées et « pourquoi » surviennent-ils ? L’objectif visé est de contribuer à l’évaluation de l’impact de politiques de colonisation sur ces dynamiques. Les données produites à la fois sur les disparités spatiales et sur les rythmes de ces transformations sont un apport qui devrait enrichir les connaissances sur l’évolution de la biodiversité en région pionnière. En l’état actuel des recherches, la démarche propose d’évaluer la biodiversité en ayant recours à une échelle de valeurs combinant plusieurs indicateurs. Chacun d’eux contribue à estimer des changements qui se produisent lors de la mise en culture des terres forestières. La biodiversité est ensuite évaluée à deux niveaux : celui des différentes formes d’exploitation des ressources en rapportant la mesure de biodiversité au niveau du composant paysager (forêt, jachère et culture/pâturage) et celui de la catégorie d’acteur (du colon au petit fermier), en rapportant la mesure de biodiversité à l’unité de territoire qu’ils exploitent préférentiellement. Le procédé de suivi de ce territoire est aisément reconductible dans le temps. En effet, il ne dépend que de la disponibilité des images satellites. Bien que cette démarche soit en cours de validation, elle devrait pouvoir être réutilisée dans d’autres régions forestières anthropisées.
Horses: Unique senses – unique behaviour
Authors: Van Vollenhoven Elize
Published: October 2012

How to cite this book review: Van Vollenhoven, E., 2012, ‘Horses: Unique senses – unique behaviour’, Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 83(1), Art. #510, 1 page. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.4102/jsava.v83i1.510
Osmium contamination of seawater samples stored in polyethylene bottles
Authors: Sharma Mukul , Chen Cynthia , Blazina Tim
Published: October 2012

A low blank—high yield procedure for the accurate determination of seawater osmium concentration and isotope composition has been developed. The improvement in the detection limit has revealed a subtle temporal increase in the concentration of samples obtained during the GEOTRACES expeditions that were stored in high density polyethylene bottles. This increase in Os concentration is accompanied by significant decrease in the 187Os/188Os ratio of the water indicating substantial contamination of waters in two out of three bottles that were investigated; the third bottle, which is not contaminated, shows evidence of Os removal. In comparison, analyses of another aliquot of water stored in a Teflon bottle show no contamination. Samples collected in low density polyethylene bottles during SAFe expedition have also been contaminated. Bottle cleaning with HNO3 has directly/indirectly contributed to the bottle blank. We also find that a snow‐melt sample stored in a Teflon bottle has remained uncontaminated for more than a year, despite having an Os concentration that is ~14 times lower than seawater. We conclude that the low level samples, such as seawater, need to be stored in Teflon bottles for accurate and precise estimate of Os concentration and isotope composition, although polypropylene bottles may be an acceptable alternative. A re‐evaluation of previously published data and data obtained in the present study still indicates that Os is not a conservative element in the seawater column and that small but significant variations in the seawater 187Os/188Os ratio may exist with depth and among different ocean basins.
Intercalibration studies of short‐lived thorium‐234 in the water column and marine particles
Authors: Maiti Kanchan , Buesseler Ken O. , Pike Steven M. , Benitez‐Nelson Claudia , Cai Pinghe , Chen Weifang , Cochran Kirk , Dai Minhan , Dehairs Frank , Gasser Beat , Kelly Roger P. , Masque Pere , Miller Lisa A. , Miquel Juan Carlos , Moran S. Bradley , Morris Paul J. , Peine Florian , Planchon Frederic , Renfro Alisha A. , van der Loeff Michiel Rutgers , Santschi Peter H. , Turnewitsch Robert , Waples James T. , Xu Chen
Published: October 2012

Intercomparision of 234Th measurements in both water and particulate samples was carried out between 15 laboratories worldwide, as a part of GEOTRACES inter‐calibration program. Particulate samples from four different stations namely BATS (both shallow and deep) and shelf station (shallow) in Atlantic and SAFE (both shallow and deep) and Santa Barbara station (shallow) in Pacific were used in the effort. Particulate intercalibration results indicate good agreement between all the participating labs with data from all labs falling within the 95% confidence interval around the mean for most instances. Filter type experiments indicate no significant differences in 234Th activities between filter types and pore sizes (0.2–0.8 µm). The only exception are the quartz filters, which are associated with 10% to 20% higher 234Th activities attributed to sorption of dissolved 234Th. Flow rate experiments showed a trend of decreasing 234Th activities with increasing flow rates (2‐9 L min−1) for > 51 µm size particles, indicating particle loss during the pumping process. No change in 234Th activities on small particles was observed with increasing flow‐rates. 234Th intercalibration results from deep water samples at SAFe station indicate a variability of < 3% amongst labs while dissolved 234Th data from surface water at Santa Barbara Station show a less robust agreement, possibly due to the loss of 234Th from decay and large in‐growth corrections as a result of long gap between sample collection and processing.
Habitus et compétences incorporées : regards croisés sur « logique pratique » des pratiques enseignantes
Authors: Pudelko Béatrice
Published: October 2012

Dans le cadre théorique élaboré par Y. Lenoir et ses collègues, le concept bourdieusien d’habitus joue un rôle central pour expliquer la dimension tacite des pratiques enseignantes. Cet article propose de porter un regard critique sur le rapprochement proposé dans ce cadre entre le concept d’habitus et celui de compétence incorporée issu de psychologie ergonomique francophone. Notre objectif principal est d’examiner la pertinence et les limites de ce rapprochement, en portant une attention particulière à ses implications méthodologiques. Nos résultats indiquent la pertinence d’une interprétation cognitive du concept d’habitus, contribuant de façon significative à la compréhension de la dimension implicite des pratiques professionnelles.
LGBTQI+ Data Collection in Medicaid to Advance Health Equity
Authors: Tran Nathaniel M. , Nguyen Kevin H.
Published: June 2024

This Viewpoint explores Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services guidance on the collection of sexual orientation and gender identity data and how these data could be used to advance health equity for LGBTQI+ people.
Single-Lesion Skin Cancer Risk Stratification Triage Pathway
Authors: Chen Yiqun , Gui Haiwen , Yao Hanqi , Adu-Brimpong Joel , Javitz Sigi , Golovko Val , Ko Justin , Daneshjou Roxana , Chiou Albert S.
Published: June 2024

Importance

Access to timely dermatologic care remains a challenge, especially for patients with new skin lesions. Assessing the efficiency of new triage pathways may assist in better resource allocation and shorter time to care.

Objective

To evaluate whether a rule-based triage system was associated with better skin cancer risk stratification of patients and reduced wait times.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective quality improvement cohort study of patients referred to Stanford University dermatology clinics was conducted between November 2017 and January 2023. A rules-based triage system based on a priori–determined high-risk lesion characteristics was implemented.

Exposures

Referral reasons and risk factors of patients provided by their primary care physicians.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Biopsy results of patients (diagnosis of any skin cancer and melanoma) at their visit or within 6 months after the visit. Regression models were used to assess the association between risk factors at referral and (1) biopsy outcomes and (2) time to first visit, adjusting for sociodemographic factors.

Results

Among 37 478 patients (mean [SD] age, 54 (18) years; 21 292 women [57%]), the rates of aggregate biopsy, malignant biopsy specimens, and melanoma were comparable across patients seen after (n = 12 302) and before (n = 25 176) the implementation of the new triage pathway. Patients seen through the lesion pathway had a higher risk of having malignant biopsy results (adjusted risk ratio [aRR], 1.6; 95% CI, 1.4-1.9) and melanoma (aRR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.2-3.2) than those not seen through the pathway. Lesions that were concerning to referring clinicians for skin cancer were associated with an increased risk of skin cancer (all skin cancer: aRR, 2.8; 95% CI, 2.2-3.5; melanoma: aRR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.1-3.7). Patients in the 3 high-risk lesion groups were seen faster in the new triage pathway (mean reduction, 26 days; 95% CI, 18-34 days).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, a new automated, rules-based referral pathway was implemented that expedited care for patients with high-risk skin cancer. This reform may have contributed to improving patient stratification, reducing the time from referral to first encounter, and maintaining accuracy in identifying malignant lesions. The findings highlight the potential to optimize clinical resource allocation by better risk stratification of referred patients.
Acupuncture and Sleep Quality Among Patients With Parkinson Disease
Authors: Yan Mingyue , Fan Jingqi , Liu Xin , Li Yingjia , Wang Yuting , Tan Weiqiang , Chen Yuanyuan , He Jun , Zhuang Lixing
Published: June 2024

Importance

Poor sleep quality greatly impairs quality of life and accelerates deterioration in patients with Parkinson disease (PD), but current remedies remain limited. Acupuncture, used as an adjunctive therapy with anti-Parkinson medications, has shown positive effects in patients with PD. However, high-quality clinical evidence to support the effectiveness of acupuncture for patients with PD and poor sleep quality is lacking.

Objective

To assess the safety and efficacy of real acupuncture (RA) vs sham acupuncture (SA) as an adjunctive therapy for patients with PD who have poor sleep quality.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This single-center randomized clinical trial was performed at The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine in China from February 18, 2022, to February 18, 2023. Patients with PD and sleep complaints were recruited and randomized (1:1) to receive RA or SA treatment for 4 weeks. Data analysis was performed from April 12 to August 17, 2023.

Intervention

Treatment with RA or SA for 4 weeks.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome was the change in Parkinson Disease Sleep Scale (PDSS) scores measured at baseline, after 4 weeks of treatment, and at 8 weeks of follow-up.

Results

Of the 83 participants enrolled, 78 (94.0%) completed the intervention and were included in the analysis. Their mean (SD) age was 64.1 (7.9) years; 41 (52.6%) were men and 37 (47.4%) were women. A significant increase in PDSS scores from baseline was observed for both the RA group (29.65 [95% CI, 24.65-34.65]; P < .001) and the SA group (10.47 [95% CI, 5.35-15.60]; P < .001). Compared with the SA group, the RA group had a significant increase in PDSS scores after 4 weeks of treatment (19.75 [95% CI, 11.02-28.49]; P < .001) and at 8 weeks of follow-up (20.24 [95% CI, 11.51-28.98]; P < .001).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this randomized clinical trial, acupuncture proved beneficial in improving sleep quality and quality of life among patients with PD. These findings suggest that the therapeutic effects of acupuncture could continue for up to 4 weeks.

Trial Registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR2200060655
Institutional Diversity in the Selection Process for General Surgery Residency
Authors: Collins Reagan A. , Mullens Cody Lendon , Dimick Justin B.
Published: June 2024

This Viewpoint examines the challenges faced by students from diverse institutional backgrounds in pursuing academic surgery and recommends measures to promote institutional diversity by adopting a more holistic approach in the selection process for general surgery residency.
Mitochondrial respiratory complex I can be inhibited via bypassing the ubiquinone‐accessing tunnel
Authors: Otani Ryohei , Masuya Takahiro , Miyoshi Hideto , Murai Masatoshi
Published: June 2024

Mitochondrial NADH–ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) couples electron transfer from NADH to ubiquinone with proton translocation in its membrane part. Structural studies have identified a long (~ 30 Å), narrow, tunnel‐like cavity within the enzyme, through which ubiquinone may access a deep reaction site. Although various inhibitors are considered to block the ubiquinone reduction by occupying the tunnel's interior, this view is still debatable. We synthesized a phosphatidylcholine‐quinazoline hybrid compound (PC‐Qz1), in which a quinazoline‐type toxophore was attached to the sn‐2 acyl chain to prevent it from entering the tunnel. However, PC‐Qz1 inhibited complex I and suppressed photoaffinity labeling by another quinazoline derivative, [125I]AzQ. This study provides further experimental evidence that is difficult to reconcile with the canonical ubiquinone‐accessing tunnel model.
Design and control of radiant heating and cooling systems in Japan: Results from expert interviews
Authors: Shindo Kan , Ikai Ken , Shinoda Jun , Matsumura Ryota , Tanabe Shin‐ichi
Published: June 2024

This research conducted investigations of buildings equipped with radiant systems and expert interviews in 2021–2022 with manufacturers and mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) engineers in Japan who had experience designing radiant heating and cooling systems for non‐residential buildings. In total, interviews were conducted with 56 respondents from 16 companies. Results from the building investigation showed that 69% of the identified buildings had radiant ceilings, and 30% had radiant floors. In terms of working fluid, 56% were water‐based, and 43% were air‐based. For the expert interview, 79% of all respondents answered that the use of radiant systems will continue to increase in the future. In total, 54% of all respondents answered that it has become easier to design radiant systems at present compared to the 2010s. Based on the results, knowledge gaps and challenges in the design of radiant systems were summarized in terms of design method, room temperature control, auxiliary systems, and their relevance to building decarbonization.
Structural Diversity and Specificities within the Ferredoxin‐Disulfide/Thioredoxin Reductase Family
Authors: Rouhier Nicolas , Didierjean Claude
Published: June 2024

Ferredoxin–thioredoxin reductases (FTRs) and ferredoxin–disulfide reductases (FDRs) are relatively small enzymes that reduce the disulfide bond of redoxins. While most oxygenic photosynthetic organisms possess FTRs, FDRs are found in a variety of nonphotosynthetic prokaryotes. The catalytic center consists of a [4Fe‐4S] cluster and a redox‐active disulfide. FTRs are heterodimers formed by a catalytic subunit associated with a variable subunit. The latter is not present in FDRs. Instead, in some microorganisms, FDRs are fused to additional domains, notably rubredoxin or thioredoxin/glutaredoxin, which donate or accept electrons, respectively. This article reviews the state of the art in the structure–function relationships for this family of enzymes, describing their occurrence, catalytic mechanism, structural properties, and outstanding issues.
UAVgroup control protocol with adaptive consensus
Authors: Kucherov Dmytro P. , Jiang Guodong , Liu Huaqing , Fu Minglei
Published: June 2024

In this paper, a modified consensus protocol algorithm is proposed for controlling a group of identical unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which have been subjected to interfering signals during coordinate information exchange, using an unknown parameter in the consensus protocol. The maximum levels of interfering signals in the proposed protocol were adjusted by incorporating a hysteresis function with a dead zone consistent with the initial coordinates and the interfering signal levels. An adaptation algorithm is proposed to address a priori uncertainty regarding the consensus parameters, involving the correction of an unknown parameter by eliminating control signals exhibiting false sign changes. This correction relies on the coordinates in the phase plane, indicating that the delay in maneuver execution occurs at the beginning of the maneuver. Furthermore, by modeling synchronized motion, UAV group consensus is demonstrated for an ideal case devoid of a priori uncertainty regarding control protocol parameters, interfering signals, or consequences. The convergence of the adaptation algorithm was assessed by defining a vector function to track parameter changes during tuning. The monotonically decreasing nature of the resulting curve, along with the finite duration of the tuning process, provides confirmation of the convergence of the adaptation algorithm.
In Situ Amorphization of Electrocatalysts
Authors: Meng Huishan , Chen Zhijie , Zhu Jinliang , You Bo , Ma Tianyi , Wei Wei , Vernuccio Sergio , Xu Juan , Ni Bing‐Jie
Published: June 2024

Electrocatalysis represents an efficient and eco‐friendly approach to energy conversion, enabling the sustainable synthesis of valuable chemicals and fuels. The deliberate engineering of electrocatalysts is crucial to improving the efficacy and scalability of electrocatalysis. Notably, the occurrence of in situ amorphization within electrocatalysts has been observed during various electrochemical processes, influencing the energy conversion efficiency and catalytic mechanism understanding. Of note, the dynamic transformation of catalysts into amorphous structures is complex, often leading to various amorphous configurations. Therefore, revealing this amorphization process and understanding the function of amorphous species are pivotal for elucidating the structure‐activity relationship of electrocatalysts, which will direct the creation of highly efficient catalysts. This review examines the mechanisms behind amorphous structure formation, summarizes characterization methods for detecting amorphous species, and discusses strategies for controlling (pre)catalyst properties and electrochemical conditions that influence amorphization. It also emphasizes the importance of spontaneously formed amorphous species in electrochemical oxidation and reduction reactions. Finally, it addresses challenges in the in situ amorphization of electrocatalysts. aiming to guide the synthesis of electrocatalysts for efficient, selective, and stable electrochemical reactions, and to inspire future advancements in the field.
Control Over Nitrogen Dopant Sites in Palladium Metallene for Manipulating Catalytic Activity and Stability in the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Zeng Tiantian , Niu Mang , Xu Binghui , Yuan Weiyong , Guo Chun Xian , Cao Dapeng , Li Chang Ming , Zhang Lian Ying , Zhao Xiu Song
Published: June 2024

Doping light elements in Pt‐group metals is an effective approach toward improving their catalytic properties for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, it is challenging to control dopant sites and to establish the correlation between the doping site and the catalytic property. In this paper, this success is demonstrated in controlling N doping sites in Pd metallene to manipulate electrocatalytic properties toward ORR. A Pd metallene sample with N dopant predominantly located at the atomic vacancy site (V‐N‐Pd metallene) exhibits two times higher mass activity in ORR than a Pd metallene sample with N dopant mainly occupied the interstitial site (I‐N‐Pd metallene). However, the I‐N‐Pd metallene shows improved durability than the V‐N‐Pd metallene, with only a 4 mV decay in half‐wave potential after 20 000 cycles. Computational calculation results reveal that the significantly enhanced ORR activity of V‐N‐Pd metallene arises from the atomic vacancy‐doped N, which modulates the electronic structure of Pd metallene to weaken the adsorption energy of intermediate O* species. This work provides guidelines for manipulating catalytic properties by controlling the doping sites of light elements in metal nanostructures.