bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Study of Electron Radiation Damage by in Situ Observation of the Phase Transformation from CaCO3 to CaO as a function of the accelerating voltage (20-300 kV)
Authors: Golla-Schindler U. , Schweigert W. , Benner G. , Orchowski A. , Kaiser U.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Current Status of the Sub-Angstrom Low-Voltage Electron Microscopy (SALVE) Project
Authors: Kaiser U.A.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Direct Mapping of Stacking Structure in Rotated Bilayer Graphene Using Aberration-corrected Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Yuk J.M. , Jeong H.Y. , Kim N.Y. , Lee M.J. , Lee J.Y. , Lee Z.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Quantitative X-ray Microanalysis of Multi-layered Specimens: Capability and Accuracy
Authors: Merlet C.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Measurement strategies for Quantification of Carbon in Steel using EPMA
Authors: Pinard P.T. , Aretz A. , Börder J. , Donovan J. , Richter S.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Development of an Analytical TEM with a TES Microcalorimeter EDS
Authors: Hara T. , Maehata K. , Mitsuda K. , Yamasaki N.Y. , Tanaka K. , Yamanaka Y.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Practical Measurement of X-ray Detection Performance of a Large Solid-Angle Silicon Drift Detector in an Aberration-Corrected STEM
Authors: Watanabe M. , Wade C.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Quantitative Energy Dispersive Analysis Technique of SiGe at Site-specific area using In-situ Lift-out TEM sample
Authors: Park T.-S. , Kang H.-J. , Chung J.-W. , Song B.-M. , Back T.-S. , Kim H.-J. , Kim C.-R.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
High-Resolution Quantification Across Vertical Interfaces using a Monte Carlo Based Reconstruction Approach
Authors: Richter S. , Pinard P.T. , Mevemkamp N. , Torrilhon M.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Expanding the Boundaries of FIB-SEM Technology: Developments for Best Application Results
Authors: Schulmeyer I. , Kienle M.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
TEM Sample Preparation Made Easier: Ar Ion Mill that Counts Reflected Light Fringes and Runs Recipes Automatically
Authors: Pakzad A.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Cathodoluminescence Detectors Suitable for Easy and Fast Analysis in Geosciences
Authors: Jiruše J. , Kološová J. , Leichmann J.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Separation of dopant and mean inner potential contributions to potential profiles recorded from very highly doped semiconductor layers using electron holography
Authors: Cooper D. , Dunin-Borkowski R.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Development and Application of Electron Holographic Tomography for the Three- Dimensional Mapping of Electrostatic Potentials
Authors: Wolf D. , Lichte H.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Nanoscale magnetic characterization of TMR spin valve by electron holography
Authors: Park H.S. , Hirata K. , Yanagisawa K. , Ishida Y. , Matsuda T. , Shindo D. , Tonomura A.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Polarization and Charge Density Distribution in Highly Strained Mixed Phase BiFeO3 Studied by STEM and Electron Inline Holography
Authors: Shin Y.A. , Song K. , Chu K. , Woo C.-S. , Yang C.-H. , Oh S.H.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Centralized Instrument Control for a TEM Laboratory
Authors: Bergen M. , Malac M. , McLeod R.A. , Hoyle D. , Taniguchi Y. , Yaguchi T. , Chen J. , Yotsuji T.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Simultaneous EBSD and EDS Characterization of Silver Kennedy Half Dollar Coins
Authors: Chan L.H. , Nylese T. , Anderhalt R. , Nowell M. , Lorenzo J.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Quantitative STEM and EELS for the Study of Alloy Nanoparticles, Support Materials, and Graphene for Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Chan M.C. , Nan F. , Prabhudev S. , Stambula S. , Bugnet M. , Gauquelin N. , Botton G.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
In-Situ Pulsed-Laser-Induced Dewetting: Probing the Assembly Dynamics of Nanoparticle Arrays
Authors: McKeown J.T. , Roberts N.A. , Fowlkes J.D. , Wu Y. , LaGrange T. , Reed B.W. , Rack P.D. , Campbell G.H.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Quantum Confinement in Germanium Quantum Dots Observed by Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy
Authors: Nguyen P.D. , Kepaptsoglou D.M. , Erni R. , Ramasse Q. , Olsen A.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Analytical Electron microscopy Investigation of Au/TiO2 Thin Films Deposited on the Glass Substrate
Authors: Kawasaki M. , Chen M.-J. , Yang J.-R. , Chiou W.-A. , Shiojiri M.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Plasmon Excitations in Bimetallic Ag Nanostructures by Monochromated E-Beam
Authors: Sachan R. , Malasi A. , Duscher G.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Topologically Induced Confinement of Collective Modes in Polycrystalline Graphene Nano-cones: Measured By Momentum Transfer Dependent STEM-VEELS
Authors: Hage F.S. , Ramasse Q.M. , Kepaptsoglou D.M. , Prytz Ø. , Helgesen G. , Brydson R.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Electron Tomography of Nanoscale Materials - Opportunities and Challenges Ahead
Authors: Midgley P.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Composition Analysis on the Precipitates in the NiTiHf and NiPdTiHf Alloys
Authors: Yang F. , Devaraj A. , Noebe R.D. , Williams R. , Mills M.J. , Williams D.B. , McComb D.W.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Characterization of Oxide Films Grown on SrTiO3-Buffered Si (001) Substrates
Authors: Dhamdhere A.R.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Defects in Polyethylene Single Crystals: From Precisely Branched Molecules to Defect Planes in Polyethylene Single Crystals
Authors: Lieberwirth I. , Zhou H.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Nanoparticle Certified Reference Materials: Development and Microscopical Characterization
Authors: Cavaliere M.R.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Synthesis and Characterization of AgPd/Pt Multiply Twinned Structure Nanoparticles by Using Cs-Corrected STEM
Authors: Khanal S. , Velazquez-Salazar J.J. , Bhattarai N. , Bahena D. , Casillas G. , Ponce A. , Jose-Yacaman M.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Electron Microscopy Study of TiO2 Hierarchical Structures Prepared by Hydrothermal Synthesis
Authors: Drazic G. , Horvat B.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Lattice-Image Estimates of Nano-Particle Fraction-Crystalline
Authors: Fraundorf P. , Mukherjee S.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Characterization of Few-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Using Alcohols Aliphatic as Carbon Source
Authors: Ordonez-Casanova E. , Roman-Aguirre M. , Aguilar-Elguezabal A. , Espinosa-Magana F.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Antibody Distribution on Bio-Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles Analyzed by Spatial-Resolved EELS
Authors: Arenal R. , De Matteis L. , Custardoy L. , Mayoral A. , Grazu V. , Martinez de la Fuente J. , Marquina C. , Ibarra M.R.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Buried Interfaces and Phase Transformations in a Biogenic Single Crystal
Authors: Wu C.-H. , Knapp R. , Tester C. , Gu W. , Jang D. , Greer J. , Lai B. , Chen S. , Sun C. , Balasubramanian M. , Joester D.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Helium Ion Microscopy for the Imaging of Organic Matrix and Mineral Phase in Developing Tooth Enamel
Authors: Huyuan C. , Marshman J. , Dobeck J. , Goetze B. , Bidlack F.B.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Image Processing for Phase Imperfections Reconstructed in Electron Holography
Authors: Wei L. , Takayoshi T.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Time Resolved Growth of Pt From Single Atoms to Nanocrystals With HR-TEM
Authors: Ercius P. , Borodko Y. , Somorjai G.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Electron Imaging of Interfacial Oxygen by Aberration Corrected TEM, the Possibility and Scientific Opportunities
Authors: Gao W. , Wen J. , Miller D.J. , Zuo J.-M.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Martensite Formation in the Metallographic Preparation of Austenitic Stainless Steel Welds
Authors: Rodelas J.M. , Maguire M.C. , Michael J.R.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Mechanism of Deformation Twinning in Tantalum Driven by Extremely Dynamic Shear-Compression at Low Temperature
Authors: Chen C. , Florando J.N. , Kumar M. , Ramesh K.T. , Hemker K.J.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
The Rise of EBSD for Modern Quantitative Metallography
Authors: Sitzman S.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Void Shrinkage and Void Lattice Formation in Neutron-irradiated Molybdenum
Authors: Bentley J.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Electron Probe Microanalysis Study on an Unusual Chernobyl Hot Particle
Authors: Pöml P. , Burakov B. , Geisler T.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Corrosion of an Implanted Medical Device: Rare-Earth Magnet Case Study
Authors: Guyer E.P. , Pound B. , Crane S.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Influence of ion beam damage by FIB on the RESET amorphous volume observation in phase change random access memory device
Authors: Oh J. , Jang Y. , Jeon S. , Lee T. , Kim W. , Kim H. , Kim C.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
On the Study of the Orientated Cracks Formed in ErD2 Thin Film
Authors: Shen H. , Sun K. , Xiang X. , Zu X.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Effects of Alkali Treatment On the CaP Deposition of Ti6Al4V Foams Produced by Two Different Particle Size
Authors: Turkan U. , Guden M. , Kazak F.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Effect of Polymerization Kinetics in the Pore Distribution in Polyacrylamide
Authors: Rodriguez-Miranda E. , Castrejón-González E.O. , Herrera-Pérez G.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Microstructure Analysis of Electroplated Cr-Fe Alloy Deposits on Cu Substrate
Authors: Lin C.-K. , Huang C.-A. , Chiou W.-A. , Chen C.-Y. , Chen C.-Y.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Interplay of Octahedral Rotations, Magnetic and Electronic Properties in Epitaxial LaCoO3 Thin Films
Authors: Jang J.H. , Kim Y.-M. , Mishra R. , Qiao L. , Biegalski M.D. , Gai Z. , Lupini A.R. , Pantelides S.T. , Pennycook S.J. , Borisevich A.Y.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Quantitative Electron Diffraction of Graphene: Measurement of Mean-Square Atomic Displacement and Implications for Dark Field Imaging
Authors: Mecklenburg M. , Shevitski B. , Hubbard W. , White E. , Dawson B. , Lodge M. , Ishigami M. , Regan B.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Identifying the Optical Response of Graphene Using Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy
Authors: Idrobo J.C. , Nelson F.J. , Mišković Z.L. , Diebold A.C. , Pennycook S.J. , Pantelides S.T.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Grain-Boundary Phase Transformation of ZnO:Pr System
Authors: Sato Y. , Roh J.-Y. , Ikuhara Y.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Atomic Scale Manipulation of Grain Boundary Structures through Doping and In-Situ Gas Reduction
Authors: Yang H. , Sato Y. , Lee H. , Ikuhara Y. , Moeck P. , Kotula P.G. , Browning N.D.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Functional Complex Point-Defect Structure in a Huge-Size-Mismatch System
Authors: Ishikawa R. , Shibata N. , Oba F. , Taniguchi T. , Findlay S.D. , Tanaka I. , Ikuhara Y.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Resolution Investigation of Potentiometric-Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy
Authors: Weber A. , Chen C.-C. , Zhou Y. , Baker L.A.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Evidence for a Thickness-Dependent Crossover from Charge- to Strain-Mediated Magnetoelectric Coupling in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 / PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 Thin Film Oxide Heterostructures
Authors: Spurgeon S.R. , Sloppy J.D. , Winkler C.R. , Jablonski M. , Kepaptsoglou D. , Balachandran P. , Nejati S. , Karthik J. , Damodaran A.R. , Johnson C.L. , Ambaye H. , Goyette R. , Lauter V. , Ramasse Q. , Idrobo J.C. , Lau K.K. , Lofland S.E. , Rondinelli J. , Martin L.W. , Taheri M.L.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Atomic Scale Analysis of Chemical Intermixing in MBE-Grown GaSb/InAs Superlattices Based on Z-Contrast Imaging
Authors: Kim H. , Meng Y. , Rouviére J.-L. , Zuo J.-M.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Structural Analysis of Sulfonated Mesoporous Silica
Authors: Maki T. , Tominaga Y.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
SEM/EDS Characterization of Radioactive Particles in samples of PM10
Authors: Ramirez-Leal R. , Duarte-Tagles H. , Burgos-Hernandez M. , Chavez-Toledo C.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Mehrfach außergewöhnlich
Authors: Fischer Christian , Fischer-Ontrup Christiane
Published: October 2016

Zusammenfassung. Besondere Begabungen sowie Lern- und Leistungsschwierigkeiten wurden lange Zeit als sich ausschließende Phänomene innerhalb einer Person betrachtet. In den letzten Jahren zeigt sich zunehmend, dass Kinder mit hohen Begabungen auch spezielle Lern- und Leistungsschwierigkeiten aufweisen können. Hier werden oftmals asynchrone Entwicklungen beim Kind, aber auch zwischen den kindlichen Bedürfnissen und der Lernumwelt, sichtbar. Diese doppelt außergewöhnlichen Kinder weisen oft individuelle Lernprozesse auf, die von ausgeprägten Lernpotenzialen wie auch unzureichenden Lernkompetenzen geprägt sind. In der Begabungsförderung können persönliche Potenziale zur Bewältigung individueller Schwierigkeiten genutzt werden, wobei passende Lernumgebungen mit einer ressourcenorientierten Haltung bedeutsam sind. In diesem Beitrag werden zunächst allgemeine Grundlagen und spezielle Bedingungsfaktoren von vielfältig besonderen Kindern mit einer Kopplung von hohen Begabungen sowie speziellen Lern- und Leistungsschwierigkeiten erläutert. Darauf basierend werden adäquate individualisierte Förderkonzepte und adaptive lernstrategische Fördermaßnahmen für diese Zielgruppe diskutiert, die im Internationalen Centrum für Begabungsforschung entwickelt und evaluiert worden sind. Diese ressourcenorientierten Förderansätze umfassen Strategien erfolgreicher Lernprozesse zur kognitiven Informationsverarbeitung, zur metakognitiven Lernprozesssteuerung sowie zur motivational-volitionalen Selbstregulation.
Tissue‐resident macrophages — how to humanize our knowledge
Authors: Schlitzer Andreas , Schultze Joachim L
Published: October 2016

Tissue macrophages of fetal and adult origin have pivotal roles in tissue homeostasis and organ inflammation. Recently several functional and transcriptomic studies have revealed their unique module‐like transcriptomic organization leading to enormous tissue‐dependent functional plasticity. In this review, we discuss the development, tissue adaption and function of resident murine and human macrophages. Finally, we discuss our limited knowledge on human tissue macrophages and provide our opinion on their relevance during disease and for clinical application. At last we discuss a path towards a better understanding of human tissue macrophage populations using state of the art transcriptomic and epigenetic techniques to enable understanding of these powerful tissue‐resident phagocytes.
Plasmid transfer in biofilms: a perspective on limitations and opportunities
Authors: Stalder Thibault , Top Eva
Published: October 2016

Biofilms dominate microbial life, and their importance for human health and the environment can no longer be dismissed. Nevertheless many of the processes governing this form of microbial growth are still poorly understood. This includes the horizontal exchange of genetic information, which is a major driver in bacterial evolution and rapid adaptation, exemplified by the alarming spread of multi-drug resistance among pathogens mediated by plasmids. Biofilms are often considered hot spot for horizontal gene transfer, yet several studies have shown that plasmid transfer is limited to the outer layers. On the basis of results from decades of research we analyse this paradox and discuss the mechanisms by which biofilm growth can promote the initial transfer of some plasmids, but also limit further plasmid invasion into the population or community. If we want to adequately promote or combat horizontal gene spread in biofilms, we need to gain better insight into the physicochemical and biological mechanisms that control this process.
Synchronized human skeletal myotubes of lean, obese and type 2 diabetic patients maintain circadian oscillation of clock genes
Authors: Hansen Jan , Timmers Silvie , Moonen-Kornips Esther , Duez Helene , Staels Bart , Hesselink Matthijs K. C. , Schrauwen Patrick
Published: October 2016

Cell and animal studies have demonstrated that circadian rhythm is governed by autonomous rhythmicity of clock genes. Although disturbances in circadian rhythm have been implicated in metabolic disease development, it remains unknown whether muscle circadian rhythm is altered in human models of type 2 diabetes. Here we used human primary myotubes (HPM) to investigate if rhythmicity of clock- and metabolic gene expression is altered in donors with obesity or type 2 diabetes compared to metabolically healthy donors. HPM were obtained from skeletal muscle biopsies of four groups: type 2 diabetic patients and their BMI- and age-matched obese controls and from lean, healthy and young endurance trained athletes and their age-matched sedentary controls. HPM were differentiated for 7 days before synchronization by serum shock followed by gene expression profiling over the next 72 hours. HPM display robust circadian rhythms in clock genes, but REVERBA displayed dampened rhythmicity in type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, rhythmicity in NAMPT and SIRT1 expression was only observed in HPM from trained athletes. Rhythmicity in expression of key-regulators of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism was modest. We demonstrate that in human skeletal muscle REVERBA/B, NAMPT and SIRT1 circadian rhythms are affected in donors of sedentary life style and poor health status.
Correction: Corrigendum: Broken selection rule in the quantum Rabi model
Authors: Forn-Díaz P. , Romero G. , Harmans C. J. P. M. , Solano E. , Mooij J. E.
Published: October 2016

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 26720; published online: 07 June 2016; updated: 19 October 2016
Cdk7 mediates RPB1-driven mRNA synthesis in Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Deshmukh Abhijit S. , Mitra Pallabi , Maruthi Mulaka
Published: October 2016

Cyclin-dependent kinase 7 in conjunction with CyclinH and Mat1 activates cell cycle CDKs and is a part of the general transcription factor TFIIH. Role of Cdk7 is well characterized in model eukaryotes however its relevance in protozoan parasites has not been investigated. This important regulator of key processes warrants closer examination particularly in this parasite given its unique cell cycle progression and flexible mode of replication. We report functional characterization of TgCdk7 and its partners TgCyclinH and TgMat1. Recombinant Cdk7 displays kinase activity upon binding its cyclin partner and this activity is further enhanced in presence of Mat1. The activated kinase phosphorylates C-terminal domain of TgRPB1 suggesting its role in parasite transcription. Therefore, the function of Cdk7 in CTD phosphorylation and RPB1 mediated transcription was investigated using Cdk7 inhibitor. Unphosphorylated CTD binds promoter DNA while phosphorylation by Cdk7 triggers its dissociation from DNA with implications for transcription initiation. Inhibition of Cdk7 in the parasite led to strong reduction in Serine 5 phosphorylation of TgRPB1-CTD at the promoters of constitutively expressed actin1 and sag1 genes with concomitant reduction of both nascent RNA synthesis and 5′-capped transcripts. Therefore, we provide compelling evidence for crucial role of TgCdk7 kinase activity in mRNA synthesis.
Large outbreak of herpangina in children caused by enterovirus in summer of 2015 in Hangzhou, China
Authors: Li Wei , Gao Hui-hui , Zhang Qiong , Liu Yu-jie , Tao Ran , Cheng Yu-ping , Shu Qiang , Shang Shi-qiang
Published: October 2016

Herpangina, usually caused by coxsackie virus A, is prevalent in children spreading through the fecal-oral transmission and the respiratory droplets dissemination. Also, it is mostly asymptomatic and self-limiting. In our study, we found that large outbreak of herpangina in children occurred in the summer of 2015 in Hangzhou, China. From May 1th to August 31th, a total of 10 210 children were diagnosed with herpangina in Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine. 2 310 throat swabs were collected and tested for enterovirus detection by real-time RT-PCR, while 1 651 cases were positive with the rate of 71.5%. Based on VP1 gene or 5′UTR region sequences, Coxsackievirus A2, A4, A6, A10, B2, B4 and echovirus 30 were detected in these cases. More importantly, Coxsackievirus A2 may be the major subtype of enterovirus resulting in children with herpangina in hangzhou, China.
The stability and catalytic activity of W13@Pt42 core-shell structure
Authors: Huo Jin-Rong , Wang Xiao-Xu , Li Lu , Cheng Hai-Xia , Su Yan-Jing , Qian Ping
Published: October 2016

This paper reports a study of the electronic properties, structural stability and catalytic activity of the W13@Pt42 core-shell structure using the First-principles calculations. The degree of corrosion of W13@Pt42 core-shell structure is simulated in acid solutions and through molecular absorption. The absorption energy of OH for this structure is lower than that for Pt55, which inhibits the poison effect of O containing intermediate. Furthermore we present the optimal path of oxygen reduction reaction catalyzed by W13@Pt42. Corresponding to the process of O molecular decomposition, the rate-limiting step of oxygen reduction reaction catalyzed by W13@Pt42 is 0.386 eV, which is lower than that for Pt55 of 0.5 eV. In addition by alloying with W, the core-shell structure reduces the consumption of Pt and enhances the catalytic efficiency, so W13@Pt42 has a promising perspective of industrial application.
Apigenin potentiates TRAIL therapy of non-small cell lung cancer via upregulating DR4/DR5 expression in a p53-dependent manner
Authors: Chen Minghui , Wang Xueshi , Zha Daolong , Cai Fangfang , Zhang Wenjing , He Yan , Huang Qilai , Zhuang Hongqin , Hua Zi-Chun
Published: October 2016

Apigenin (APG) is an edible plant-derived flavonoid that shows modest antitumor activities in vitro and in vivo. APG treatment results in cell growth arrest and apoptosis in various types of tumors by modulating several signaling pathways. In the present study, we evaluated interactions between APG and TRAIL in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. We observed a synergistic effect between APG and TRAIL on apoptosis of NSCLC cells. A549 cells and H1299 cells were resistant to TRAIL treatment alone. The presence of APG sensitized NSCLC cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by upregulating the levels of death receptor 4 (DR4) and death receptor 5 (DR5) in a p53-dependent manner. Consistently, the pro-apoptotic proteins Bad and Bax were upregulated, while the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-xl and Bcl-2 were downregulated. Meanwhile, APG suppressed NF-κB, AKT and ERK activation. Treatment with specific small-molecule inhibitors of these pathways enhanced TRAIL-induced cell death, mirroring the effect of APG. Furthermore, using a mouse xenograft model, we demonstrated that the combined treatment completely suppressed tumor growth as compared with APG or TRAIL treatment alone. Our results demonstrate a novel strategy to enhance TRAIL-induced antitumor activity in NSCLC cells by APG via inhibition of the NF-κB, AKT and ERK prosurvival regulators.
Diabetes-linked transcription factor HNF4α regulates metabolism of endogenous methylarginines and β-aminoisobutyric acid by controlling expression of alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase 2
Authors: Burdin Dmitry V. , Kolobov Alexey A. , Brocker Chad , Soshnev Alexey A. , Samusik Nikolay , Demyanov Anton V. , Brilloff Silke , Jarzebska Natalia , Martens-Lobenhoffer Jens , Mieth Maren , Maas Renke , Bornstein Stefan R. , Bode-Böger Stefanie M. , Gonzalez Frank , Weiss Norbert , Rodionov Roman N.
Published: October 2016

Elevated levels of circulating asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginines (ADMA and SDMA) predict and potentially contribute to end organ damage in cardiovascular diseases. Alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 (AGXT2) regulates systemic levels of ADMA and SDMA, and also of beta-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIB)-a modulator of lipid metabolism. We identified a putative binding site for hepatic nuclear factor 4 α (HNF4α) in AGXT2 promoter sequence. In a luciferase reporter assay we found a 75% decrease in activity of Agxt2 core promoter after disruption of the HNF4α binding site. Direct binding of HNF4α to Agxt2 promoter was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. siRNA-mediated knockdown of Hnf4a led to an almost 50% reduction in Agxt2 mRNA levels in Hepa 1–6 cells. Liver-specific Hnf4a knockout mice exhibited a 90% decrease in liver Agxt2 expression and activity, and elevated plasma levels of ADMA, SDMA and BAIB, compared to wild-type littermates. Thus we identified HNF4α as a major regulator of Agxt2 expression. Considering a strong association between human HNF4A polymorphisms and increased risk of type 2 diabetes our current findings suggest that downregulation of AGXT2 and subsequent impairment in metabolism of dimethylarginines and BAIB caused by HNF4α deficiency might contribute to development of cardiovascular complications in diabetic patients.
Changes in bone macro- and microstructure in diabetic obese mice revealed by high resolution microfocus X-ray computed tomography
Authors: Kerckhofs G. , Durand M. , Vangoitsenhoven R. , Marin C. , Van der Schueren B. , Carmeliet G. , Luyten F. P. , Geris L. , Vandamme K.
Published: October 2016

High resolution microfocus X-ray computed tomography (HR-microCT) was employed to characterize the structural alterations of the cortical and trabecular bone in a mouse model of obesity-driven type 2 diabetes (T2DM). C57Bl/6J mice were randomly assigned for 14 weeks to either a control diet-fed (CTRL) or a high fat diet (HFD)-fed group developing obesity, hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance. The HFD group showed an increased trabecular thickness and a decreased trabecular number compared to CTRL animals. Midshaft tibia intracortical porosity was assessed at two spatial image resolutions. At 2 μm scale, no change was observed in the intracortical structure. At 1 μm scale, a decrease in the cortical vascular porosity of the HFD bone was evidenced. The study of a group of 8 week old animals corresponding to animals at the start of the diet challenge revealed that the decreased vascular porosity was T2DM-dependant and not related to the ageing process. Our results offer an unprecedented ultra-characterization of the T2DM compromised skeletal micro-architecture and highlight an unrevealed T2DM-related decrease in the cortical vascular porosity, potentially affecting the bone health and fragility. Additionally, it provides some insights into the technical challenge facing the assessment of the rodent bone structure using HR-microCT imaging.
Structural characterization of the circadian clock protein complex composed of KaiB and KaiC by inverse contrast-matching small-angle neutron scattering
Authors: Sugiyama Masaaki , Yagi Hirokazu , Ishii Kentaro , Porcar Lionel , Martel Anne , Oyama Katsuaki , Noda Masanori , Yunoki Yasuhiro , Murakami Reiko , Inoue Rintaro , Sato Nobuhiro , Oba Yojiro , Terauchi Kazuki , Uchiyama Susumu , Kato Koichi
Published: October 2016

The molecular machinery of the cyanobacterial circadian clock consists of three proteins: KaiA, KaiB, and KaiC. Through interactions among the three Kai proteins, the phosphorylation states of KaiC generate circadian oscillations in vitro in the presence of ATP. Here, we characterized the complex formation between KaiB and KaiC using a phospho-mimicking mutant of KaiC, which had an aspartate substitution at the Ser431 phosphorylation site and exhibited optimal binding to KaiB. Mass-spectrometric titration data showed that the proteins formed a complex exclusively in a 6:6 stoichiometry, indicating that KaiB bound to the KaiC hexamer with strong positive cooperativity. The inverse contrast-matching technique of small-angle neutron scattering enabled selective observation of KaiB in complex with the KaiC mutant with partial deuteration. It revealed a disk-shaped arrangement of the KaiB subunits on the outer surface of the KaiC C1 ring, which also serves as the interaction site for SasA, a histidine kinase that operates as a clock-output protein in the regulation of circadian transcription. These data suggest that cooperatively binding KaiB competes with SasA with respect to interaction with KaiC, thereby promoting the synergistic release of this clock-output protein from the circadian oscillator complex.
Specific autoantigens identified by sera obtained from mice that are immunized with testicular germ cells alone
Authors: Terayama Hayato , Hirai Shuichi , Naito Munekazu , Qu Ning , Katagiri Chiaki , Nagahori Kenta , Hayashi Shogo , Sasaki Hiraku , Moriya Shota , Hiramoto Masaki , Miyazawa Keisuke , Hatayama Naoyuki , Li Zhong-Lian , Sakabe Kou , Matsushita Masayuki , Itoh Masahiro
Published: October 2016

There are various autoimmunogenic antigens (AIs) in testicular germ cells (TGCs) recognized as foreign by the body’s immune system. However, there is little information of TGC-specific AIs being available. The aim of this study is to identify TGC-specific AIs. We have previously established that immunization using viable syngeneic TGC can also induce murine experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) without using any adjuvant. This study is to identify TGC-specific AIs by TGC liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis, followed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis that reacted with serum IgG from EAO mice. In this study, we identified 11 TGC-specific AIs that reacted with serum from EAO mice. Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that the mRNA expressions of seven TGC-specific AIs were significantly higher in only mature testis compared to other organs. Moreover, the recombinant proteins of identified 10 (except unnamed protein) TGC-specific AIs were created by using human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells and these antigencities were reconfirmed by Western blot using EAO serum reaction. These results indicated Atp6v1a, Hsc70t, Fbp1 and Dazap1 were candidates for TGC-specific AIs. Identification of these AIs will facilitate new approaches for understanding infertility and cancer pathogenesis and may provide a basis for the development of novel therapies.
Activation of heat shock response to treat obese subjects with type 2 diabetes: a prospective, frequency-escalating, randomized, open-label, triple-arm trial
Authors: Kondo Tatsuya , Goto Rieko , Ono Kaoru , Kitano Sayaka , Suico Mary Ann , Sato Miki , Igata Motoyuki , Kawashima Junji , Motoshima Hiroyuki , Matsumura Takeshi , Kai Hirofumi , Araki Eiichi
Published: October 2016

Activation of heat shock response (HSR) improves accumulated visceral adiposity and metabolic abnormalities in type 2 diabetes. To identify the optimal intervention strategy of the activation of the HSR provided by mild electrical stimulation (MES) with heat shock (HS) in type 2 diabetes. This study was a prospective, frequency-escalating, randomized, open-label, triple-arm trial in Japan. A total of 60 obese type 2 diabetes patients were randomized into three groups receiving two, four, or seven treatments per week for 12 weeks. No adverse events were identified. MES + HS treatment (when all three groups were combined), significantly improved visceral adiposity, glycemic control, insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, renal function, hepatic steatosis and lipid profile compared to baseline. The reduction in HbA1c was significantly greater among those treated four times per week (−0.36%) or seven times per week (−0.65%) than among those treated two times per week (−0.10%). The relative HbA1c levels in seven times per week group was significantly decreased when adjusted by two times per week group (−0.55%. p = 0.001). This research provides the positive impact of MES + HS to treat obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Increased human occupation and agricultural development accelerates the population contraction of an estuarine delphinid
Authors: Lin Wenzhi , Karczmarski Leszek , Xia Jia , Zhang Xiyang , Yu Xinjian , Wu Yuping
Published: October 2016

Over the past few thousand years, human development and population expansion in southern China have led to local extirpation and population contraction of many terrestrial animals. At what extent this early human-induced environmental change has also affected coastal marine species remains poorly known. We investigated the demographic history of the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) in the Pearl River Delta (PRD); an obligatory inshore species known for its susceptibility to anthropogenic impacts in one of China’s most developed coastal regions. Although the deltaic evolution of PRD has been influenced by climate since the Holocene, ~74% reduction of the dolphin’s effective population size occurred within the last 2000 years, consistent with ~61% habitat contraction during this period. This considerable and recent population contraction may have been due to land use practices and deforestation in the upper/middle Pearl River region, all leading to increasing sedimentation rate in the estuarine area. As anthropogenic impacts within the drainage of Pearl River affected a vast area, coastal dolphins and large terrestrial mammals in southern China may share a similar demographic history, whilst the demographic and biogeographic history of the PRD humpback dolphins may be symptomatic of similar processes that this species may have undergone elsewhere in the region.
Association between polygenic risk for schizophrenia, neurocognition and social cognition across development
Authors: Germine L , Robinson E B , Smoller J W , Calkins M E , Moore T M , Hakonarson H , Daly M J , Lee P H , Holmes A J , Buckner R L , Gur R C , Gur R E
Published: October 2016

Breakthroughs in genomics have begun to unravel the genetic architecture of schizophrenia risk, providing methods for quantifying schizophrenia polygenic risk based on common genetic variants. Our objective in the current study was to understand the relationship between schizophrenia genetic risk variants and neurocognitive development in healthy individuals. We first used combined genomic and neurocognitive data from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (4303 participants ages 8–21 years) to screen 26 neurocognitive phenotypes for their association with schizophrenia polygenic risk. Schizophrenia polygenic risk was estimated for each participant based on summary statistics from the most recent schizophrenia genome-wide association analysis (Psychiatric Genomics Consortium 2014). After correction for multiple comparisons, greater schizophrenia polygenic risk was significantly associated with reduced speed of emotion identification and verbal reasoning. These associations were significant by age 9 years and there was no evidence of interaction between schizophrenia polygenic risk and age on neurocognitive performance. We then looked at the association between schizophrenia polygenic risk and emotion identification speed in the Harvard/MGH Brain Genomics Superstruct Project sample (695 participants ages 18–35 years), where we replicated the association between schizophrenia polygenic risk and emotion identification speed. These analyses provide evidence for a replicable association between polygenic risk for schizophrenia and a specific aspect of social cognition. Our findings indicate that individual differences in genetic risk for schizophrenia are linked with the development of aspects of social cognition and potentially verbal reasoning, and that these associations emerge relatively early in development.
Exome chip analyses in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Zayats T , Jacobsen K K , Kleppe R , Jacob C P , Kittel-Schneider S , Ribasés M , Ramos-Quiroga J A , Richarte V , Casas M , Mota N R , Grevet E H , Klein M , Corominas J , Bralten J , Galesloot T , Vasquez A A , Herms S , Forstner A J , Larsson H , Breen G , Asherson P , Gross-Lesch S , Lesch K P , Cichon S , Gabrielsen M B , Holmen O L , Bau C H D , Buitelaar J , Kiemeney L , Faraone S V , Cormand B , Franke B , Reif A , Haavik J , Johansson S
Published: October 2016

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable childhood-onset neuropsychiatric condition, often persisting into adulthood. The genetic architecture of ADHD, particularly in adults, is largely unknown. We performed an exome-wide scan of adult ADHD using the Illumina Human Exome Bead Chip, which interrogates over 250 000 common and rare variants. Participants were recruited by the International Multicenter persistent ADHD CollaboraTion (IMpACT). Statistical analyses were divided into 3 steps: (1) gene-level analysis of rare variants (minor allele frequency (MAF)<1%); (2) single marker association tests of common variants (MAF⩾1%), with replication of the top signals; and (3) pathway analyses. In total, 9365 individuals (1846 cases and 7519 controls) were examined. Replication of the most associated common variants was attempted in 9847 individuals (2077 cases and 7770 controls) using fixed-effects inverse variance meta-analysis. With a Bonferroni-corrected significance level of 1.82E−06, our analyses of rare coding variants revealed four study-wide significant loci: 6q22.1 locus (P=4.46E−08), whereNT5DC1andCOL10A1reside; theSEC23IPlocus (P=6.47E−07); thePSDlocus (P=7.58E−08) andZCCHC4locus (P=1.79E−06). No genome-wide significant association was observed among the common variants. The strongest signal was noted at rs9325032 inPPP2R2B(odds ratio=0.81,P=1.61E−05). Taken together, our data add to the growing evidence of general signal transduction molecules (NT5DC1,PSD,SEC23IPandZCCHC4) having an important role in the etiology of ADHD. Although the biological implications of these findings need to be further explored, they highlight the possible role of cellular communication as a potential core component in the development of both adult and childhood forms of ADHD.
Highly sensitive and selective detection of perfluorooctane sulfonate based on the Janus Green B resonance light scattering method
Authors: Cheng Zhen , Zhang Fang , Chen Xianping , Du Lingling , Gao Chutong , Tan Kejun
Published: October 2016

A simple, highly sensitive and selective assay method has been developed for the determination of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), a kind of emerging persistent organic pollutant, which is bio-accumulative, resistant to degradation and toxic.
Achieving regio- and stereo-control in the fluorination of aziridines under acidic conditions
Authors: Okoromoba Otome E. , Li Zhou , Robertson Nicole , Mashuta Mark S. , Couto Uenifer R. , Tormena Cláudio F. , Xu Bo , Hammond Gerald B.
Published: October 2016

DMPU–HF demonstrates good reactivity and regioselectivity in conversion of aziridines into biologically important β-fluoroamines. The stereochemistry of aziridine-opening was found to be depend greatly on substitution pattern.
Enhancement of memory margins in the polymer composite of [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester and polystyrene
Authors: Sun Yanmei , Lu Junguo , Ai Chunpeng , Wen Dianzhong , Bai Xuduo
Published: October 2016

Memory devices based on composites of polystyrene (PS) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) were investigated with bistable resistive switching behavior.
Unimolecular decomposition pathways of negatively charged nitriles by ab initio molecular dynamics
Authors: Ásgeirsson Vilhjálmur , Bauer Christoph A. , Grimme Stefan
Published: October 2016

Ab initio MD simulations reveal mechanistic details of the fragmentation reactions of molecular anions after low-energy electron attachment.
Study of entropic characteristics of strongly correlated systems using VO2 as a model case
Authors: Fujita Asaya , Kinemuchi Yoshiaki , Yamaguchi Wataru
Published: October 2016

Entropic effects in the electronic phase come from conversion between enthalpy of orbital selection and entropy of spin/charge fluctuations.
High efficiency solution-processed thin-film Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2solar cells
Authors: Zhang Ting , Yang Yixing , Liu Deang , Tse Shing Chi , Cao Weiran , Feng Zongbao , Chen Song , Qian Lei
Published: October 2016

World record efficiency for solution-processed CIGS solar cells has been demonstrated.
Temperature dependence of electrocatalytic water oxidation: a triple device model with a photothermal collector and photovoltaic cell coupled to an electrolyzer
Authors: Zhang Biaobiao , Daniel Quentin , Cheng Ming , Fan Lizhou , Sun Licheng
Published: October 2016

A water oxidation electrocatalyst with high activity is essential for promoting the overall efficiency of an integrated water splitting device. Herein, by investigating the prominent temperature dependence of electrocatalytic water oxidation catalyzed by first row transition metal oxides, we present how to elevate the operating temperature of the electrolyzer as an effective and universal method to improve its electrocatalytic performance. Consequently, a triple device model combining a photothermal collector with a photovoltaic (PV) cell coupled to a water splitting device is proposed to realize the comprehensive and efficient utilization of solar energy: solar heat + PV + electrolyzer.