bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
C9orf72-Associated Dipeptide Repeat Expansions Perturb ER-Golgi Vesicular Trafficking, Inducing Golgi Fragmentation and ER Stress, in ALS/FTD
Authors: Sultana Jessica , Ragagnin Audrey M. G. , Parakh Sonam , Saravanabavan Sayanthooran , Soo Kai Ying , Vidal Marta , Jagaraj Cyril Jones , Ding Kunjie , Wu Sharlynn , Shadfar Sina , Don Emily K. , Deva Anand , Nicholson Garth , Rowe Dominic B. , Blair Ian , Yang Shu , Atkin Julie D.
Published: May 2024

Hexanucleotide repeat expansions (HREs) in the chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72) gene are the most frequent genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Both are debilitating neurodegenerative conditions affecting either motor neurons (ALS) in the brain and spinal cord or neurons in the frontal and/or temporal cortical lobes (FTD). HREs undergo repeat-associated non-ATG (RAN) translation on both sense and anti-sense strands, generating five distinct dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs), poly-GA, -GR, -GP, -PA and -PR. Perturbed proteostasis is well-recognised in ALS pathogenesis, including processes affecting the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi compartments. However, these mechanisms have not been well characterised for C9orf72-mediated ALS/FTD. In this study we demonstrate that C9orf72 DPRs polyGA, polyGR and polyGP (× 40 repeats) disrupt secretory protein transport from the ER to the Golgi apparatus in neuronal cells. Consistent with this finding, these DPRs also induce fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus, activate ER stress, and inhibit the formation of the omegasome, the precursor of the autophagosome that originates from ER membranes. We also demonstrate Golgi fragmentation in cells undergoing RAN translation that express polyGP. Furthermore, dysregulated ER-Golgi transport was confirmed in C9orf72 patient dermal fibroblasts. Evidence of aberrant ER-derived vesicles in spinal cord motor neurons from C9orf72 ALS patients compared to controls was also obtained. These data thus confirm that ER proteostasis and ER-Golgi transport is perturbed in C9orf72-ALS in the absence of protein over-expression. Hence this study identifies novel molecular mechanisms associated with the ER and Golgi compartments induced by the C9orf72 HRE.
The bubble theory: exploring the transition from first replicators to cells and viruses in a landscape-based scenario
Authors: Piast Radoslaw W.
Published: May 2024

This study proposes a landscape-based scenario for the origin of viruses and cells, focusing on the adaptability of preexisting replicons from the RNP (ribonucleoprotein) world. The scenario postulates that life emerged in a subterranean “warm little pond” where organic matter accumulated, resulting in a prebiotic soup rich in nucleotides, amino acids, and lipids, which served as nutrients for the first self-replicating entities. Over time, the RNA world, followed by the RNP world, came into existence. Replicators/replicons, along with the nutritious soup from the pond, were washed out into the river and diluted. Lipid bubbles, enclosing organic matter, provided the last suitable environment for replicons to replicate. Two survival strategies emerged under these conditions: cell-like structures that obtained nutrients by merging with new bubbles, and virus-like entities that developed various techniques to transmit themselves to fresh bubbles. The presented hypothesis provides the possibility for the common origin of cells and viruses on rocky worlds hosting liquid water, like Earth.
The relationship between parenting style and the stigma of mental illness in adolescent athletes: the chain mediating role of self-esteem and mental toughness
Authors: Xiang Jun , Gao Jia , Gao Yun
Published: May 2024

The stigma surrounding mental illness is pervasive among athletes competing at the highest levels, and the adolescent athlete’s parenting style, self-esteem, and mental toughness are intimately linked to this stigma. These factors are particularly influential in determining the future career trajectory and athletic pursuits of young athletes. The objective of this study is to examine the correlation between parenting style and the stigma of mental toughness in adolescent athletes, while also confirming the intermediary influence of self-esteem and mental toughness in the relationship between the two variables. A survey was initiated on randomly selected 386 athletes at or above Level I in Guangdong Province through standardized questionnaires based on a parenting assessment scale, self-stigma scale, self-esteem scale, and mental toughness scale. The analysis and experimentation show that parenting style has a significant negative predictive impact on the self-esteem, mental toughness, and mental illness stigma of adolescent athletes. The impact of age and gender on the above factors are also explored. Furthermore, parenting style was also found to indirectly predict mental illness stigma through a chain mediation effect of self-esteem and mental toughness. These results highlight the importance of considering parenting style in improving the self-esteem and mental toughness of adolescent athletes, with the ultimate goal of reducing the stigma of mental illness among this population.
Who gets duped? The impact of education on fraud detection in an investment task
Authors: Blackwell Calvin , Maynard Norman , Malm James , Pyles Mark , Snyder Marcia , Witte Mark
Published: May 2024

Many financial scandals appear to depend on a lack of skepticism on the part of their victims. Sophisticated investors trusted Bernie Madoff, for example, despite early warning signs of implausible returns. Our study investigates how education explains fraud detection in financial decision-making. In a simple survey, economics and finance students are asked to make an investment recommendation from among four hypothetical funds, including one based on Madoff’s fund. We use Truth Default Theory to explain our results. We show that education increases the likelihood that students are suspicious of Madoff’s fund, and that for students whose suspicions are aroused, education makes them less likely to choose the Madoff fund.
Hardy–Sobolev–Rellich, Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev and Caffarelli–Kohn–Nirenberg Inequalities on General Lie Groups
Authors: Ruzhansky Michael , Yessirkegenov Nurgissa
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we establish a number of geometrical inequalities such as Hardy, Sobolev, Rellich, Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev, Caffarelli–Kohn–Nirenberg, Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequalities and their critical versions for an ample class of sub-elliptic differential operators on general connected Lie groups, which include both unimodular and non-unimodular cases in compact and noncompact settings. We also obtain the corresponding uncertainty type principles.
Ustilago maydis: ein faszinierendes Modellsystem für pathogene Pilze
Authors: Kahmann Regine
Published: May 2024

In this article I will review how over a period of about 70 years the advancement of new technologies has catapulted the odd fungus Ustilago maydis causing a strange disease in maize to surface as one of the most accessible systems to understand biotrophic eukaryotic plant pathogens molecularly. The U. maydis-maize interaction system allows fundamental insights into the intricacies of what it takes to infect a plant successfully, to modulate its metabolism so that it serves fungal needs and at the same time provides an environment that allows the fungus to undergo morphological transitions and complete its sexual life cycle.
Nutzbarmachung pflanzlicher Biomasse durch Abbau von Geruchsstoffen
Authors: Buyel Johannes Felix
Published: May 2024

Using residual plant biomass in sophisticated applications such as building materials and additives is often hindered by the presence of odorous, volatile organic compounds (VOC) that gas-out and create an unacceptable user experience. Likewise, plant-derived proteins may create off-flavors in vegan food products. The in planta production of enzymes that degrade VOCs, can facilitate the removal of the latter, for example during processing, and ensure compatibility with high-value applications
PCR-gestützter Nachweis von pflanzenparasitären Nematoden
Authors: Fatemi Ehsan , Jung Christian
Published: May 2024

Root lesion nematodes of the genus Pratylenchus pose a threat to global cereal production. The traditional identification by counting nematodes under the microscope is laborious and time-consuming. We have established a protocol for quantifying nematodes within cereal roots by RT-qPCR. This method holds promise in selecting resistant plant genotypes among large populations during plant breeding programs.
Quantitative Risk Assessment of Rock Instabilities Threatening Manazan Caves, Karaman, Türkiye
Authors: Fener Mustafa , Varol Nehir
Published: May 2024

Located in the southern part of Central Anatolia Region, Manazan Caves is situated in the east of Yeşildere Valley. It is a five-storey mass dwelling carved into a human-made high rock mass. Although there are no exact data to determine when the caves were carved, it is assumed that the caves were carved and settled in the Byzantine period during the 6th − 7th centuries. The geological and geotechnical data analyses were conducted in Manazan Caves. As a result of these analyses, it was observed that rock blocks of different sizes fell into the field in various times of the year, and there were instabilities in some individual rock blocks. In the study area, the movement mechanisms of rock slopes due to discontinuity were analysed by using various computer programs (DIPS, RockFALL, GEO5); and in order to ensure the safety of life and property and to protect this heritage cave, the current rockfall potential and risk along with slope instabilities were determined, and the fundamental prevention measures to be taken were discussed.
An Age-Progression Intervention for Smoking Cessation: A Pilot Study Investigating the Influence of Two Sets of Instructions on Intervention Efficacy
Authors: Walker Lucy , Grogan Sarah , Denovan Andrew , Scholtens Keira , McMillan Brian , Conner Mark , Epton Tracy , Armitage Christopher J. , Cordero Maria I.
Published: May 2024

Background

Research on age-progression facial morphing interventions for smoking cessation has not investigated the effect of different instructions for intervention delivery. The objective of this pilot study was to investigate the influence of two instruction types used to deliver the intervention on efficacy of the intervention.

Method

Women were recruited and randomly allocated to an age-progression intervention session with (i) neutral instructions; (ii) instructions designed to reassure; or (iii) a condition that controlled for participant engagement (“control”). The conditions were delivered in a one-time procedure, after which primary (quitting intentions) and secondary (cigarettes/week, quit attempts) outcomes were measured immediately post-intervention, and at 1 and 3 months.

Results

Seventy-two women (M = 25.7; SD = 0.9) were recruited and randomly allocated to condition (Neutral n = 27, Reassuring n = 22, Control n = 23). Quitting intentions were higher in the Reassuring versus Control arm (3 months post-intervention, F = 4.37, p = 0.016, 95% CI [0.231, 2.539], eta2 = 0.11); quit attempts were greater in the two intervention arms (58%) versus Control (1-month post-intervention, 15%) (χ2 = 9.83, p < 0.05, OR 1.00 [0.28, 3.63]).

Conclusions

Findings highlight the importance of optimising instructions to enhance intervention efficacy.

Trial Registration

clinicaltrials.gov Record: NCT03749382.
The Relationship Between Mindfulness and Impulsivity: The Role of Meditation
Authors: Leshem Rotem , Catz Or , Nave Ayelet
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Mindfulness and impulsivity traits are considered to be important aspects of mental well-being and health. These traits are often seen as opposing concepts, yet the nature of the relationship between them is unclear, mainly because they are complex to define. The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between impulsivity and mindfulness, taking into account the impact of mindfulness meditation experience on this connection.

Method

A total of 174 mentally and physically healthy young adults were assigned to either a non-meditation group or a meditation group based on their experience in meditation practices. Participants completed self-report scales to evaluate their impulsivity and mindfulness traits.

Results

Trait impulsivity scales and dysfunctional impulsivity were negatively correlated with trait mindfulness, while functional impulsivity was positively correlated with trait mindfulness. While meditation practice significantly predicted trait mindfulness, its moderating effect on the relationship between impulsivity and mindfulness was limited.

Conclusions

The varying relationship between impulsivity subscales and trait mindfulness, together with the relatively limited association between meditation practice and these personality traits, emphasizes the importance of considering different aspects of impulsivity and acknowledging how individual differences affect the relationship between impulsivity and mindfulness.

Preregistration

This study is not preregistered.
Maximizing power generation in single-chamber microbial fuel cells: the role of LiTa0.5Nb0.5O3/g-C3N4 photocatalyst
Authors: Lazar Nour-eddine , Mazkad Driss , Kharti Hamza , Yalcinkaya Fatma , Pietrelli Andrea , Ferrara Vincenzo , Touach Noureddine , Benzaouak Abdellah , Mahi Mohammed El , Lotfi El Mostapha
Published: May 2024

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have attracted a great deal of attention as a promising technology for recovering electricity from organic substances by harnessing the metabolic activities of microorganisms. The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of a LiTa0.5Nb0.5O3/g-C3N4 (LTN/g-C3N4) heterojunction as a photocathode catalyst within a single-chamber microbial fuel cell operating under both light irradiation and dark conditions. X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the composite catalyst, revealing its exceptional purity and unique properties. After 120 h of exposure to visible light, the maximal power density of the MFC containing LTN/g-C3N4-modified carbon cloth was determined to be 667.7 mW/m3. The power density achieved with the presence of light was approximately three times greater than the power density obtained without light in the MFC (235.64 mW/m3). In addition, the study determined that the removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD) were 88.4% and 66.5% when exposed to light and in the absence of light, respectively. These findings highlight the potential of the non-precious LTN/g-C3N4 photocatalyst as a viable alternative for effective wastewater treatment and power generation in microbial fuel cells with a single chamber configuration.
Merging the Worlds of Pets and Pills: Development and Evaluation of an Interprofessional Activity Linking Pharmacy and Veterinary Medicine
Authors: Hoeft Morgan , Van Hooser Jared , Rupnow Nichole , Clarkson Christina
Published: May 2024

Interprofessional education (IPE) is noticeably lacking between pharmacy and veterinary medicine students despite the two health professions overlapping in practice. To address this, an asynchronous IPE activity was developed together with practicing pharmacists and veterinarians. Students worked in groups across two campuses to discuss clinical cases, specifically requiring input from both professions. Students reported they learned more about the two professions’ interconnection, felt prepared to interact with the other professionals in the future, and found value in learning from each other. Overall, the results of this study outline a successful pilot IPE activity between veterinary medicine and pharmacy students.
A knowledge distillation based cross-modal learning framework for the lithium-ion battery state of health estimation
Authors: Xie Wei , Zeng Yuyu
Published: May 2024

The accurate prediction of a lithium-ion battery’s State of Health is of critical importance for efficient battery health management. Existing data-driven estimation methodologies grapple with issues such as high model complexity and a dearth of guidance from prior knowledge, which impose constraints on their efficacy. This work introduces a novel cross-modal distillation network for battery State of Health estimation, structured around a TransformerEncoder as the teacher network and a Convolutional Neural Network as the student network. Initially, the teacher model is pre-trained offline using State of Health degradation data to learn the degradation patterns. The directly measurable feature data (such as voltage, temperature, and current) is subsequently fed into the student network for online training and computation of a hard loss. the student network’s output is then directed into the pre-trained the teacher network to compute a soft loss, thereby offering prior knowledge of degradation laws and steering the optimization process of the student network. Rigorous experiments are conducted utilizing various datasets, with the outcomes validating the superior estimation accuracy and degradation rule adherence of the model. Notably, among five different models, this model demonstrates the best performance on almost all datasets, achieving an RMSE of 0.0097 and an MAE of 0.0065 on Cell1 of the Oxford dataset. Moreover, the model also demonstrates robust performance across different usage scenarios, inclusive of multi-battery estimation. Furthermore, this paper also introduces a fine tuning method for State of Health predictions only using the first half of the data. Comparative analysis with other models underscores the competitiveness of the proposed model, showcasing its potential for broader application.
RNA-Mediated Regulation of Glycolysis in Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency and Differentiation
Authors: Fan Wei , Li Xiaoling
Published: May 2024

Purpose of Review

The maintenance and differentiation of embryonic stem cells are strictly coordinated with their metabolic status. As a core part of cellular metabolism, glycolysis provides energy and biomolecules important for stem cell proliferation and functions. Particularly, the differentiation of embryonic stem cells is associated with metabolic shifts between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. However, how these metabolic swifts are regulated is still not completely known. This review aims to highlight recent advances in regulation of glycolysis at different stages of embryonic stem cells.

Recent Findings

Through modulating glycolysis, multiple types of RNA molecules and RNA-binding proteins are critically involved in regulation of the self-renewal, pluripotency, and differentiation of embryonic stem cells.

RNA-mediated glycolytic regulation in embryonic stem cells is important for their maintenance and transitions between different stages of differentiation. Better understanding of these riboregulatory mechanisms will have potential for future research and therapeutic innovation.
Towards an Acoustically Accessible Campus: A Case Study of the Acoustic Conditions of an Australian University
Authors: Mealings Kiri , Miles Kelly , Matthews Nicole , Buchholz Joerg M.
Published: May 2024

University is an important stage of learning for students, so it is vital that higher education spaces are acoustically accessible to all and are places that promote equity and inclusion. The aim of this study was to measure the unoccupied noise levels and reverberation times of all of the classrooms in a typical Australian university to assess acoustic accessibility with a view to planning for a more accessible campus. A total of 166 classrooms were measured and categorised into good, ok, and poor classrooms according to the Macquarie University (MQU) Design Guidelines Review Performance Standards. Regarding unoccupied noise levels, 52% of classrooms were within the recommended < 35 dBA limit. Regarding reverberation times, 65% of classrooms were within the recommended 0.4–0.6 s limit. Finally, 40% of classrooms met both the noise level and reverberation time limit. The plans at the university to incorporate these findings to make the campus more acoustically accessible are discussed, as well as future research avenues so that all students and teachers can flourish.
Navigating contemporary challenges and future prospects in digital industry evolution
Authors: Gallab Maryam , Di Nardo Mario , Naciri Lina
Published: May 2024

The advent of the digital industry, also known as Industry 4.0 is a transformation period in manufacturing, where the integration of digital technologies with physical systems is underlined. This transformation is crucial for the pillars of cyber-physical systems (CPS), cyber resilience protection, and workers’ safety, which collectively from the cornerstone of Industry 4.0. Ensuring the secure exploitation of Industry 4.0’s advantages necessitates a dedicated focus on workers’ safety, cyber resilience protection, and the security and privacy of human-centric CPS systems. However, the full realization of Industry 4.0’s potential hinges upon effectively addressing these challenges and aligning the benefits of digitalization with the exigencies of worker well-being and safeguarding critical infrastructure. This study is a comprehensive literature review on this digital era, focusing on CPS, resilience, and workers’ safety. The review aims to summarise current research and advancements, offering insights for researchers, practitioners, and decision-makers. By identifying gaps in knowledge, the study lays the foundations for additional research and supports ongoing progress in the digital industry. Industry 4.0 embodies a new era of manufacturing integrating digital technologies with a focus on sustainability and human-centric design, supported by CPS, resilience, and worker’s safety. This necessitate addressing challenges to ensure benefits align with worker needs and infrastructure protection.
Good Statistical Monitoring: A Flexible Open-Source Tool to Detect Risks in Clinical Trials
Authors: Wu George , Childress Spencer , Wang Zhongkai , Roumaya Matt , Stern Colleen McLaughlin , Dickens Chelsea , Wildfire Jeremy
Published: May 2024

Background

Risk-based quality management is a regulatory-recommended approach to manage risk in a clinical trial. A key element of this strategy is to conduct risk-based monitoring to detect potential risks to critical data and processes earlier. However, there are limited publicly available tools to perform the analytics required for this purpose. Good Statistical Monitoring is a new open-source solution developed to help address this need.

Methods

A team of statisticians, data scientists, clinicians, data managers, clinical operations, regulatory, and quality compliance staff collaborated to design Good Statistical Monitoring, an R package, to flexibly and efficiently implement end-to-end analyses of key risks. The package currently supports the mapping of clinical trial data from a variety of formats, evaluation of 12 key risk indicators, interactive visualization of analysis results, and creation of standardized reports.

Results

The Good Statistical Monitoring package is freely available on GitHub and empowers clinical study teams to proactively monitor key risks. It employs a modular workflow to perform risk assessments that can be customized by replacing any workflow component with a study-specific alternative. Results can be exported to other clinical systems or can be viewed as an interactive report to facilitate follow-up risk mitigation. Rigorous testing and qualification are performed as part of each release to ensure package quality.

Conclusions

Good Statistical Monitoring is an open-source solution designed to enable clinical study teams to implement statistical monitoring of critical risks, as part of a comprehensive risk-based quality management strategy.
Numerical approximation of the typhoid disease model via Genocchi wavelet collocation method
Authors: Manohara G. , Kumbinarasaiah S.
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we have considered the fractional typhoid disease model and obtained the numerical approximation of the model via the innovative wavelet scheme called the Genocchi wavelet collocation method (GWCM) with the help of Caputo fractional derivative for the fractional order. The approach under consideration is a powerful tool for obtaining numerical solutions to fractional-order nonlinear differential equations. The GWCM approach yields accurate solutions that are very close to exact solutions for highly nonlinear problems by avoiding data rounding and just computing a few terms. The Genocchi wavelet basis functions possess remarkable properties, including compact support, making them well-suited for approximating solutions to differential equations. The main benefit of this method lies in its capability to reduce the computational complexity associated with solving systems of ODEs, resulting in accurate and efficient solutions. The results of the developed technique, the RK4 method, and the ND solver have been compared. The numerical outcomes demonstrate that the implemented technique is incredibly effective and precise for solving the Typhoid model of fractional order. This paper contributes to numerical analysis by introducing the Genocchi wavelet method as a robust tool for solving biological models.
A proposed dietary policy package for the health sector in Iran
Authors: Amerzadeh Mohammad , Takian Amirhossein , Pouraram Hamed , Akbari Sari Ali , Ostovar Afshin
Published: May 2024

Background

Insufficient physical inactivity and an unhealthy diet are significant health risk factors globally. Dietary risk factors were responsible for approximately 16.5% of all deaths in Iran in 2019. This paper aimed to propose a dietary policy package for the health sector to reduce the risk of an unhealthy diet, which might effectively help prevent and control non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Iran.

Methods

In this qualitative study, we conducted semi-structured, face-to-face, and in-depth interviews with 30 purposefully selected experts, including policymakers, high-level managers, and relevant stakeholders, during 2018–2019 in Iran. All interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analyzed, facilitated by MAXQDA 11 software.

Results

We developed several dietary recommendations for different stakeholders. These include traffic light labeling reforms, i.e., the need to make the signs large and readable enough through utilizing advanced technology, cooperation with other sectors, promoting healthy symbols and supporting food products with them, food basket reforms, updating dietary standards, adopting appropriate mechanisms to report violations of harmful products laws, scaling up mechanisms to monitor restaurants and processed foods, and creating an environment for ranking restaurants and other relevant places to support a healthy diet, for instance through tax exemption, extra subsidies for healthy products, Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) alliances, and using influential figures.

Conclusion

Iran’s health sector has developed a practical roadmap for the prevention and control of NCDs through promoting healthy nutrition. In line with the sustainable development goal (SDG) 3.4 pathway to reduce premature mortality due to NCDs by 30% by 2030 in Iran, we advocate for the Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MoHME) to adopt appropriate evidence-informed interventions for improving public health literacy and reducing consumption of unhealthy food.
The implication of standard units of weights and measures on small-holder farmers maize productivity and welfare in Ruvuma Region, Tanzania
Authors: Kemirembe Donata , Katikiro Robert Eliakim , Mbwana Maliwaza
Published: May 2024

The accurate measurement of agricultural productivity and its consequential effects on the welfare of farmers plays a pivotal role in economies heavily dependent on agriculture. This study delves into the repercussions of employing standard weights and measures on both productivity and welfare in the Ruvuma Region of Tanzania. Employing a cross-sectional design, primary data were collected from 557 households selected at random from six districts within Ruvuma region. Utilizing negative binomial and multiple regression models, the study scrutinizes the impact of standard weights and measures on maize productivity and farmer welfare. The findings elucidate a noteworthy correlation between the adoption of standard units and amplified maize productivity and cash income. Farmers utilizing standard measurements in maize transactions exhibited a 19.5% higher yield per acre and a 14.5% improvement in welfare compared to those adhering to traditional measuring methods. Influential factors such as sex, the quantity of maize produced, and land size significantly influenced the adoption of standard units. Recommending empowerment initiatives through government agencies and pertinent organizations, this study advocates for targeted training and sensitization to redirect small-holder farmers from traditional measuring practices. Such endeavours align with Sustainable Development Goal 2, contributing to the overarching aim of achieving zero hunger by 2030.
States-in-Waiting
Authors: Walker Lydia
Published: May 2024

After the Second World War, national self-determination became a recognized international norm, yet it only extended to former colonies. Groups within postcolonial states that made alternative sovereign claims were disregarded or actively suppressed. Showcasing their contested histories, Lydia Walker offers a powerful counternarrative of global decolonization, highlighting little-known regions, marginalized individuals, and their hidden (or lost) archives. She depicts the personal connections that linked disparate nationalist struggles across the globe through advocacy networks, demonstrating that these advocates had their own agendas and allegiances, which, she argues, could undermine the autonomy of the claimants they supported. By foregrounding particular nationalist movements in South Asia and Southern Africa and their transnational advocacy networks, States-in-Waiting illuminates the un-endings of decolonization—the unfinished and improvised ways that the state-centric international system replaced empire, which left certain claims of sovereignty perpetually awaiting recognition. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Suppressed Composers in the Netherlands
Authors: Haas Michael
Published: May 2024

An edited collection that assesses the music of thirty-four Dutch composers who were persecuted by the Nazis during World War Two.
Women in the Factory, 1880-1930
Authors: Moring Beatrice
Published: May 2024

A rich and detailed picture, across Britain and many other European countries, of the nature of women's factory work, the problems which arose and how women factory inspectors understood and reacted to the problems.
Emotional Practice in Old English Literature
Authors: Jorgensen Alice
Published: May 2024

An examination of how emotions were practised and performed through Old English texts.
Relationality in Indigenous Climate Change Education Research: A Learning Journey from Indigenous Communities in Bangladesh
Authors: Datta Ranjan
Published: May 2024

This article explores my relational learning reflections with the Laitu Khyeng Indigenous community in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT), Bangladesh, focusing on Indigenous perspectives on climate change education. Implementing a relational theoretical framework, I share my reflections on relational learning in this research as part of being accountable to the Indigenous community. Through exploring Indigenous land-based climate change research, five central themes emerge Indigenous land rights, relationship with the environment, community-led relationality as collaboration, intergenerational relational knowledge and relationality as ethical reciprocity. The findings explore the intrinsic connection between Indigenous communities and their ancestral territories, emphasising the significance of upholding Indigenous sovereignty over land for sustainable adaptation to climate change. In this article, I highlight the importance of relational learning as a form of education, fostering resilience rooted in preserving traditional practices and spaces. Relationality with the environment is central to Indigenous climate education, promoting understanding and reciprocity with the land. In my learning, I learned that community dynamics and collaborative learning are essential for effective climate education, emphasising collective action and diverse perspectives. In relational learning, inter-generational knowledge transmission ensures the preservation and sharing of traditional land-based knowledge across generations, forming the foundation for sustainable adaptation strategies. Ethical engagement and reciprocity guide research interactions, emphasising mutual respect and cultural sensitivity. By centring Indigenous perspectives and knowledge systems, this study advocates for community-led approaches to climate change education, fostering resilience and environmental stewardship within Indigenous communities.
Linguistic tug-of-war: regional perceptions of Ukrainian
Authors: Marks Nathan A.
Published: May 2024

The present study offers an examination of attitudes and perceptions of the Ukrainian language by respondents who have lived at least half of their life in Ukraine; they were asked to draw on a map of Ukraine where the most correct Ukrainian is spoken and where the Ukrainian that grates on one’s ears is spoken. Recruitment for the online survey was conducted by placing ads on several Ukrainian-language Facebook pages, along with a link to the survey. The findings presented are from a total of 90 analyzed surveys. Respondents’ maps were analyzed and compared using QGIS software. The research demonstrates that that there is a tug-of-war of correctness between Kyiv and Lviv. It also shows that there is an overall tendency of native speakers to evaluate the Transcarpathian region as the area that grates one’s ears.
Flexible Estimation of Policy Preferences for Witnesses in Committee Hearings
Authors: Esterling Kevin M. , Park Ju Yeon
Published: May 2024

Theoretical expectations regarding communication patterns between legislators and outside agents, such as lobbyists, agency officials, or policy experts, often depend on the relationship between legislators’ and agents’ preferences. However, legislators and nonelected outside agents evaluate the merits of policies using distinct criteria and considerations. We develop a measurement method that flexibly estimates the policy preferences for a class of outside agents—witnesses in committee hearings—separate from that of legislators’ and compute their preference distance across the two dimensions. In our application to Medicare hearings, we find that legislators in the U.S. Congress heavily condition their questioning of witnesses on preference distance, showing that legislators tend to seek policy information from like-minded experts in committee hearings. We do not find this result using a conventional measurement placing both actors on one dimension. The contrast in results lends support for the construct validity of our proposed preference measures.
MOSEL survey: Unwrapping the Epoch of Reionisation through mimic galaxies at Cosmic Noon
Authors: Jaiswar Ravi , Gupta Anshu , da Cunha Elisabete , Trott Cathryn M. , Harshan Anishya , Battisti Andrew , Forrest Ben
Published: May 2024

The nature of the first galaxies that reionised the universe during the Epoch of Reionisation (EoR) remains unclear. Attempts to directly determine spectral properties of these early galaxies are affected by both limited photometric constraints across the spectrum and by the opacity of the intergalactic medium to the Lyman Continuum (LyC) at high redshift. We approach this by analysing properties of analogous extreme emission line galaxies (EELGs, [OIII]+Hbeta EW

$\gt 400$

) at

$2.5\lt z\lt 4$

from the ZFOURGE survey using the Multi-wavelength Analysis of Galaxy Physical Properties (MAGPHYS) SED fitting code. We compare these to galaxies at

$z \gt 5.5$

observed with the James Webb Space Telesope with self-consistent spectral energy distribution fitting methodology. This work focuses on the comparison of their UV slopes (

${\unicode{x03B2}}_P$

), ionising photon production efficiencies

$\xi_{ion}$

, star formation rates and dust properties to determine the effectiveness of this analogue selection technique. We report the median ionising photon production efficiencies as log

$_{10}(\xi_{ion}/(Hz\ {\rm erg}^{-1}))=$

$25.14^{+0.06}_{-0.04}$

,

$25.16^{+0.06}_{-0.05}$

,

$25.16^{+0.04}_{-0.05}$

,

$25.18^{+0.06}_{-0.07}$

for our ZFOURGE control, ZFOURGE EELG, JADES, and CEERS samples, respectively. ZFOURGE EELGs are 0.57 dex lower in stellar mass and have half the dust extinction, compared to their ZFOURGE control counterparts. They also have a similar specific star formation rates and

${\unicode{x03B2}}_P$

to the

$z\gt 5.5$

samples. We find that EELGs at low redshift (

$2.5\lt z\lt 4$

) are analogous to EoR galaxies in their dust attenuation and specific star formation rates. Their extensive photometric coverage and the accessibility of their LyC region opens pathways to infer stellar population properties in the EoR.
Early growth performance in the Murciano-Granadina goats: insights from genetic and phenotypic analyses
Authors: Mokhtari Morteza , Esmailizadeh Ali , Roudbari Zahra , Barazandeh Arsalan , Gutierrez Juan Pablo , Mohebbinejad Ehsan
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the genetic and phenotypic aspects of early growth performance in the Murciano-Granadina goat breed, using data collected between 2016 and 2022 from a private dairy farm in Ghale-Ganj city, located in the southern area of Kerman province, Iran. Pedigree and data information were collected on several early body weight traits, including birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), average daily gain (ADG), Kleiber ratio (KR) and growth efficiency from birth to weaning (GE). Nine univariate animal models included direct additive genetic effects and different combinations of maternal effects were compared by using Akaike information criterion (AIC). Among the tested models, the best genetic analysis model for BW, included direct additive, maternal additive, maternal permanent and maternal temporary environmental effects. The best model for ADG, KR and GE included direct additive, maternal permanent and litter effects. For WW, the best model was determined to be one that included direct additive and maternal additive genetic effects. The estimated direct heritabilities were low values of 0.04, 0.07, 0.08, 0.05 and 0.07 for BW, ADG, KR, GE and WW, respectively. The estimates of genetic correlations among the studied traits were positive and low to high in magnitude which ranged from 0.11 for BW-KR to 0.91 for BW-GE. The phenotypic correlations ranged from 0.03 for KR-WW to 0.87 for ADG-KR. The positive correlations observed among the studied growth traits of the Murciano-Granadina goat breed indicate no negative genetic or phenotypic changes associated with selection for these traits.
The Byzantine cave monastery of the Ilgarini mağarası (Paphlagonia) – the Chryse Petra of Nikon Metanoite?
Authors: Ritter Max
Published: May 2024

This paper discusses the hitherto virtually unknown Byzantine cave monastery in the Ilgarini mağarası in the district of Pınarbaşı/Kastamonu based on its building remains, graffiti (mostly crosses), burials and notable finds. The remains were recorded during two brief surveys in 2012 and 2022. To shed light on the history of the site, an attempt is made to contex- tualise it within the mountainous regions of Middle Byzantine Paphlagonia, as well as with Middle Byzantine texts that relate to monasticism and might refer to the site. Research produces tentative evidence that the Ilgarini mağarası may be identified with the Chryse Petra known from several Byzantine texts, most prominently the Life of St Nikon Metanoite.
Images of international thinkers
Authors: Owens Patricia
Published: May 2024

This article analyses photographic portraits of three international thinkers – Merze Tate, Margery Perham, and Susan Strange – to shed new light on the intellectual and disciplinary history of Internationa Relations (IR). Photographic portraits are ubiquitous, and feminist intellectual recovery projects lend themselves to photographic representation. But IR’s historians have neglected portraits. Drawing together two thriving IR subfields for the first time, visual studies and international intellectual history, this article demonstrates the theoretical and historical gains from analysing portraits of international thinkers. When read alongside other primary and secondary sources, portraits can enable new ways of seeing IR’s history and specific thinkers, offering a distinctive and powerful resource for new narratives about the professional, gendered, and racialised contexts of international thought.
How well are primary and secondary meanings of L2 words acquired?
Authors: González-Fernández Beatriz , Webb Stuart
Published: May 2024

Most words in a language have more than one meaning. Yet, few studies have explicitly examined the acquisition of secondary meanings of L2 words and the extent to which polysemy and homonymy affect vocabulary learning. This study explores the effect of polysemy and homonymy on the deliberate acquisition of the form–meaning connections of L2 words. Thirty-six EFL learners (compared with a control group of 30) learned secondary polysemous and homonymous meanings of familiar words and primary meanings of unfamiliar words using flashcards. Knowledge of target words was measured using meaning–recall and meaning–recognition tests immediately after the treatment and again one week later. The findings indicated that learning another meaning for a familiar word was just as difficult as learning the primary meaning of an unfamiliar word, suggesting that the type of meaning (primary, secondary polysemous, or secondary homonymous) might not be an influencing factor in the deliberate acquisition of L2 words.
The stuff of currency: Changing styles and uses of ear ornaments at Tikal
Authors: Clark Morgan
Published: May 2024

This article revisits ear ornament data from Tikal—both material and visual—to better understand the varied roles of ear ornamentation in ancient Maya society over time. The author discusses relevant terms and terminology, then emphasizes the social aspects of ear piercing and stretching as well as the place of ear ornaments in economic exchange. Ear ornamentation was a critical aspect of socialization for ancestral Mayas, but the extent of this practice was classed. Whereas the styles of nonelite ear ornaments were more resistant to change over time, the jade earflares of elites became more standardized in form while growing in complexity. With this standardization, jade earflares achieved a status close to currency, not just to be coveted or collected but also to be displayed on the body to the fullest extent possible. However, like many currencies, jade earflares were more complex than simple tokens of exchange. The symbolic dimensions that gave these objects meaning and economic value were integral to their power.
‘Juristecture’ and the regulation of normative space
Authors: Ellis Morag
Published: May 2024

Cathedrals have been described as ‘normative space’ insofar as their regulation both shapes, and is shaped by, their architecture. This article extends that description and applies it, by analogy, to listed Church of England churches and examines how the concept of ‘normative space’ relates to, and informs, their regulation within ecclesiastical and secular systems. The article goes on to outline the implications for (1) architectural and artistic innovation and (2) the worship and mission of the Church.
Re Unnamed Burial Ground
Authors: Cranmer Frank
Published: May 2024

The petitioner sought a faculty for the exhumation of her mother's body from a consecrated burial ground, where she had recently been buried, in order to re-inter her in another consecrated burial ground, within the same diocese. The general rule enunciated by the Court of Arches in Re Blagdon Cemetery is that because of the theological principle that Christian burial is final, a faculty for exhumation will only be granted in exceptional circumstances. In this case, however, the petition was brought because of the proximity of the mother's grave to those of close family members of the petitioner's ex-husband, who had been violent and abusive towards her and her children over a period of some eight years. Neither the petitioner nor her children could visit her mother's grave because it caused them flashbacks, and the petitioner's GP confirmed that she was having nightmares and panic attacks and was suffering from anxiety and depression.
Re St Mary the Virgin, Stebbing
Authors: Stuart Jack
Published: May 2024

In the course of its consideration of a petition for a faculty for a significant re-ordering project, the court commented on the proper approach to such petitions in order to assist their progress through the faculty process.
Seed permeability: an essential trait for classifying seed dormancy type
Authors: McCulloch Lindsay A. , Dalling James W. , Zalamea Paul-Camilo
Published: May 2024

Seed dormancy in plants can have a significant impact on their ecology. Recent work by Rojas-Villa and Quijano-Abril (2023) classified the seed dormancy class in 14 plant species from the Andean forests of Colombia by using germination trials and several microscopy techniques to describe seed anatomy and morphology. The authors conclude that Cecropia species have both physical and physiological dormancy (of which they call physiophysical dormancy) based on seed morphology and mean germination times of over 30 days. Here, we present seed permeability and germination data from neotropical pioneer tree species: Ochroma pyramidale, Cecropia longipes, and Cecropia insignis, as well as Cecropia peltata (present in Rojas-Villa and Quijano-Abril, 2023), to demonstrate that Cecropia species do not exhibit dormancy and also have high levels of seed permeability. We find that the mean germination time for all three Cecropia species in our study was less than 30 days. This suggests a need for reporting the conditions in which germination trials take place to allow for comparability among studies and using seed permeability tests to accurately identify the physical dormancy class of seeds. Further, we present data from the literature that suggests that dormancy is not a requirement for seed persistence in the seed bank.