bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health impacts of PM2.5 originating from residential wood combustion in four nordic cities
Authors: Orru Hans , Olstrup Henrik , Kukkonen Jaakko , López-Aparicio Susana , Segersson David , Geels Camilla , Tamm Tanel , Riikonen Kari , Maragkidou Androniki , Sigsgaard Torben , Brandt Jørgen , Grythe Henrik , Forsberg Bertil
Published: July 2022

Background

Residential wood combustion (RWC) is one of the largest sources of fine particles (PM2.5) in the Nordic cities. The current study aims to calculate the related health effects in four studied city areas in Sweden, Finland, Norway, and Denmark.

Methods

Health impact assessment (HIA) was employed as the methodology to quantify the health burden. Firstly, the RWC induced annual average PM2.5 concentrations from local sources were estimated with air pollution dispersion modelling. Secondly, the baseline mortality rates were retrieved from the national health registers. Thirdly, the concentration-response function from a previous epidemiological study was applied. For the health impact calculations, the WHO-developed tool AirQ + was used.

Results

Amongst the studied city areas, the local RWC induced PM2.5 concentration was lowest in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area (population-weighted annual average concentration 0.46 µg m− 3) and highest in Oslo (2.77 µg m− 3). Each year, particulate matter attributed to RWC caused around 19 premature deaths in Umeå (95% CI: 8–29), 85 in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area (95% CI: 35–129), 78 in Copenhagen (95% CI: 33–118), and 232 premature deaths in Oslo (95% CI: 97–346). The average loss of life years per premature death case was approximately ten years; however, in the whole population, this reflects on average a decrease in life expectancy by 0.25 (0.10–0.36) years. In terms of the relative contributions in cities, life expectancy will be decreased by 0.10 (95% CI: 0.05–0.16), 0.18 (95% CI: 0.07–0.28), 0.22 (95% CI: 0.09–0.33) and 0.63 (95% CI: 0.26–0.96) years in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area, Umeå, Copenhagen and Oslo respectively. The number of years of life lost was lowest in Umeå (172, 95% CI: 71–260) and highest in Oslo (2458, 95% CI: 1033–3669).

Conclusions

All four Nordic city areas have a substantial amount of domestic heating, and RWC is one of the most significant sources of PM2.5. This implicates a substantial predicted impact on public health in terms of premature mortality. Thus, several public health measures are needed to reduce the RWC emissions.
Analysing intersecting social resources in young people’s ability to suggest safer sex - results from a national population-based survey in Sweden
Authors: Schindele Anna ChuChu , Areskoug Josefsson Kristina , Lindroth Malin
Published: July 2022

Background

Safer sex is one of the most crucial areas in sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR). Drawing on the theory of health promotion where social life generates resources for health our hypothesis is that having control over one’s life situation, affects the ability for safer sex and thereby sexual health. The aim is to explore the association between having control over one’s life and the ability to suggest safer sex among young people aged 16–29, and how this plays out in relation to membership of six constructed social groups based on: gender, transgender experience, sexual identity, economy, being foreign-born, and social welfare recipiency followed by an in-depth analysis of the intersection of gender and sexual identity.

Methods

The data set comprises cross-sectional survey responses from a stratified random sample of 7755 in the total Swedish population of young people. The SRHR-focused questionnaire was developed within the HIV-monitoring program at the Public Health Agency of Sweden. Data collection was conducted by Statistics Sweden between April 15 and June 8 in 2015. The survey had a response rate of 26%, which was in line with the study design. Statistical analysis was used to explore the self-reported outcome variable ability for safer sex and the exposure variable control over one’s life. The methods used comprise multivariate logistic regression and an intersecting multivariate regression exploring 12 intersecting social positions by gender and sexual identity.

Results

The results show that young people’s control over their lives is associated with their ability for safer sex. Due to this, control over one’s life can be seen as a resource for safer sex. The associations in the 12 intersecting social positions showed complex patterns.

Conclusions

The intersections of resources show the complexity and that gender cannot account for all differences in the resources for young people’s ability to suggest safer sex. Implications for policy and practitioners involve both addressing and strengthening the sexual rights of young people from sexual minorities and tailoring interventions in a way that takes the intersections between gender and sexual identity into consideration.
Disparities in the offer of COVID-19 vaccination to migrants and non-migrants in Norway: a cross sectional survey study
Authors: Diaz Esperanza , Dimka Jessica , Mamelund Svenn-Erik
Published: July 2022

Background

Vaccination is key to reducing the spread and impacts of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases. Migrants, compared to majority populations, tend to have lower vaccination rates, as well as higher infection disease burdens. Previous studies have tried to understand these disparities based on factors such as misinformation, vaccine hesitancy or medical mistrust. However, the necessary precondition of receiving, or recognizing receipt, of an offer to get a vaccine must also be considered.

Methods

We conducted a web-based survey in six parishes in Oslo that have a high proportion of migrant residents and were hard-hit during the COVID-19 pandemic. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate differences in reporting being offered the COVID-19 vaccine based on migrant status. Different models controlling for vaccination prioritization variables (age, underlying health conditions, and health-related jobs), socioeconomic and demographic variables, and variables specific to migrant status (language spoken at home and years lived in Norway) were conducted.

Results

Responses from 5,442 participants (response rate of 9.1%) were included in analyses. The sample included 1,284 (23.6%) migrants. Fewer migrants than non-migrants reported receiving a vaccine offer (68.1% vs. 81.1%), and this difference was significant after controlling for prioritization variables (OR 0.65, 95% CI: 0.52–0.82). Subsequent models showed higher odds ratios for reporting having been offered the vaccine for females, and lower odds ratios for those with university education. There were few to no significant differences based on language spoken at home, or among birth countries compared to each other. Duration of residence emerged as an important explanatory variable, as migrants who had lived in Norway for fewer than 15 years were less likely to report offer of a vaccine.

Conclusion

Results were consistent with studies that show disparities between non-migrants and migrants in actual vaccine uptake. While differences in receiving an offer cannot fully explain disparities in vaccination rates, our analyses suggest that receiving, or recognizing and understanding, an offer does play a role. Issues related to duration of residence, such as inclusion in population and health registries and health and digital literacy, should be addressed by policymakers and health services organizers.
Efficacy and safety of a 3D-printed arthrodesis prosthesis for reconstruction after resection of the proximal humerus: preliminary outcomes with a minimum 2-year follow-up
Authors: Liang Haijie , Guo Wei , Yang Yi , Li Dasen , Yang Rongli , Tang Xiaodong , Yan Taiqiang
Published: July 2022

Background

The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using a three-dimensional (3D)-printed arthrodesis prosthesis for reconstruction of the proximal humeral defect after tumor resection.

Methods

A novel proximal humeral prosthesis was designed to restore bone continuity and shoulder arthrodesis and was fabricated via 3D printing technology. Ten patients with primary malignancies in the proximal humerus underwent intra-articular resection and replacement with this prosthesis from 2017 to 2019. Baseline and operative data, oncological and prosthetic survival, and functional status were summarized.

Results

This cohort consisted of 9 males and 1 female with a mean age of 32.1 ± 16.1 years. Diagnoses included 5 cases of osteosarcoma, 3 cases of chondrosarcoma and 1 each case of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma and malignant myoepithelioma. The mean operative duration, intraoperative hemorrhage and postoperative length of hospitalization were 151.5 ± 61.0 min, 410.0 ± 353.4 ml and 5.3 ± 1.9 d, respectively. The mean follow-up duration was 29.3 ± 6.4 months, with a minimum of 24 months for the surviving patients. Two patients experienced local recurrence, and four patients developed distant metastases. Detachment of the taper occurred in two patients. One was managed conservatively, and the other received amputation due to concurrent tumor recurrence. The mean MSTS-93 and ASES scores and ranges of forwards flexion and abduction were 24.9 ± 3.1, 79.4 ± 8.3, 71.3 ± 19.4°, and 61.3 ± 16.4°, respectively. The functional outcomes were independent of the preservation of the axillary nerve. Histological study of the glenoid component showed evidence of bone ingrowth at the bone-prosthesis porous interface.

Conclusion

Application of the 3D-printed arthrodesis prosthesis might be a safe and efficacious method for functional reconstruction in patients who underwent resection of the proximal humerus, especially for those without preservation of the axillary nerve.
Reliability assessment of the upper urinary tract dilation grading system based on magnetic resonance urography in patients with neurogenic bladder
Authors: Zhou Zhonghan , Liao Limin , Li Xing , Wang Xuesheng , Li Xunhua , Zhao Hui , Deng Han , Liu Qinggang , Gao Yi , Jing Huafang
Published: July 2022

Background

To assess the inter-observer and intra-observer reliability of the magnetic resonance urography (MRU)—upper urinary tract dilation (UUTD) grading system.

Methods

A total of 40 patients with a diagnosis of NB were enrolled in this study. The images were assembled in an electronic presentation randomly. The presentations were reviewed and graded by 4 junior and 4 senior urologists. One week later, the images were randomized again and reassessed. The inter-observer reliability was estimated by Kendall’s coefficient of concordance and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), and the intra-observer reliability was estimated by weighted Cohen’s kappa.

Results

The inter-observer reliability strength was excellent for all urologists, with the ICC value of 0.939 (0.908–0.963) and Kendall’s W value of 0.967. The highest agreement was shown in Grade 4 at 92.50%, and the lowest in Grade 2 at 82.14%. All disagreements were within one grade of difference. Moreover, the Intra-observer reliability was excellent, with the weighted kappa value ranging from 0.904 to 0.954.

Conclusions

The inter-observer and intra-observer reliability of this novel MRU-UUTD grading system is confirmed, providing adequate evidence for broader clinical application.
A qualitative study on mothers’ experiences attending an online infant massage class: “It is funny! I feel close to my baby!”
Authors: Khuzaiyah Siti , Adnani Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah , Chabibah Nur , Khanifah Milatun , Lee Ka Yiu
Published: July 2022

Background

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic impacts maternal and perinatal health. Fear of COVID-19 transmission may lead to psychological disorders among mothers, such as anxiety and depression, which might affect the infant's health. Innovation is needed to address problems related to this condition. This study aimed to explore the experiences of mothers who had attended online infant massage classes. 

Methods

This qualitative survey recruited 12 Indonesian mothers who had infants aged < 12 months and joined the online infant massage class. An open-ended question form was used to collect data, which were analyzed using thematic content analysis.

Results

There were six themes related to the experiences of mothers attending online infant massage classes: favorite session, new knowledge and skills, benefits, barriers during infant massage class, factors related to infant massage practice, and mother’s hope.

Conclusions

Mothers had a good experience learning infant massage and had better interaction with their infants after the class. The findings show that an online infant massage class could benefit both mothers and infants.
The Perils of a “My Work Here is Done” perspective: a mixed methods evaluation of sustainment of an evidence-based intervention for transient ischemic attack
Authors: Bravata Dawn M. , Miech Edward J. , Myers Laura J. , Perkins Anthony J. , Zhang Ying , Rattray Nicholas A. , Baird Sean A. , Penney Lauren S. , Austin Curt , Damush Teresa M.
Published: July 2022

Background

To evaluate quality improvement sustainment for Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) and identify factors influencing sustainment, which is a challenge for Learning Healthcare Systems.

Methods

Mixed methods were used to assess changes in care quality across periods (baseline, implementation, sustainment) and identify factors promoting or hindering sustainment of care quality. PREVENT was a stepped-wedge trial at six US Department of Veterans Affairs implementation sites and 36 control sites (August 2015—September 2019). Quality of care was measured by the without-fail rate: proportion of TIA patients who received all of the care for which they were eligible among brain imaging, carotid artery imaging, neurology consultation, hypertension control, anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation, antithrombotics, and high/moderate potency statins. Key informant interviews were used to identify factors associated with sustainment.

Results

The without-fail rate at PREVENT sites improved from 36.7% (baseline, 58/158) to 54.0% (implementation, 95/176) and settled at 48.3% (sustainment, 56/116). At control sites, the without-fail rate improved from 38.6% (baseline, 345/893) to 41.8% (implementation, 363/869) and remained at 43.0% (sustainment, 293/681). After adjustment, no statistically significant difference in sustainment quality between intervention and control sites was identified. Among PREVENT facilities, the without-fail rate improved ≥2% at 3 sites, declined ≥2% at two sites, and remained unchanged at one site during sustainment. Factors promoting sustainment were planning, motivation to sustain, integration of processes into routine practice, leadership engagement, and establishing systems for reflecting and evaluating on performance data. The only factor that was sufficient for improving quality of care during sustainment was the presence of a champion with plans for sustainment. Challenges during sustainment included competing demands, low volume, and potential problems with medical coding impairing use of performance data. Four factors were sufficient for declining quality of care during sustainment: low motivation, champion inactivity, no reflecting and evaluating on performance data, and absence of leadership engagement.

Conclusions

Although the intervention improved care quality during implementation; performance during sustainment was heterogeneous across intervention sites and not different from control sites. Learning Healthcare Systems seeking to sustain evidence-based practices should embed processes within routine care and establish systems for reviewing and reflecting upon performance.

Trial registration

Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02769338)
Healthcare choices following mild traumatic brain injury in Australia
Authors: Thorne Jacinta , Markovic Shaun , Chih HuiJun , Thomas Elizabeth , Jefferson Amanda , Aoun Samar , Fitzgerald Melinda , Hellewell Sarah
Published: July 2022

Background

Accurate data on the types of healthcare people seek in the early stages following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in Australia is lacking. We sought to investigate the types of healthcare people seek following mTBI, including seeking no care at all; ascertain the demographic, pre- and peri-injury factors, and symptom characteristics associated with the care that people access; and examine whether choice of care is associated with symptomatic recovery and quality of life.

Methods

An online retrospective survey of Australians aged 18 to 65 years who had experienced a self-reported ‘concussion’ (mTBI) within the previous 18 months. Types of healthcare accessed were investigated, as well as those who did not seek any care. Data were analysed using frequency and percentages, chi-squared tests and logistic regression models.

Results

A total of 201 respondents had experienced a self-reported ‘concussion’ but 21.4% of the respondents did not seek any care. Of the 183 respondents who sought healthcare, 52.5% attended a hospital Emergency Department, 41.0% attended a general practitioner and 6.6% accessed sports-based care. Compared to their counterparts, those who had a lower level of education (p = 0.001), had experienced previous mTBI (p = 0.045) or previous mental health issues (p = 0.009) were less likely to seek healthcare, whilst those who had experienced loss of consciousness (p = 0.014), anterograde (p = 0.044) or retrograde (p = 0.009) amnesia, and symptoms including drowsiness (p = 0.005), nausea (p = 0.040), and feeling slow (p = 0.031) were more likely to seek care. Those who did not seek care were more likely to recover within one month (AOR 4.90, 95%CI 1.51 – 15.89,p = 0.008), albeit the relatively large 95%CI warrants careful interpretation. Compared to seeking care, not seeking care was not found to be significantly associated with symptom resolution nor quality of life (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

This study provides unique insight into factors associated with healthcare utilisation in the early stages following mTBI, as well as outcomes associated with choice of care, including not seeking care. Delivering targeted community education on the signs and symptoms of mTBI, and the advantages of seeking care following injury is an important step forward in the management of this challenging condition.
A positive faecal immunochemical test result and its association with the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and psoriatic arthritis: an analysis of one-million national colorectal cancer screening programme results
Authors: Noh Choong-Kyun , Lee Eunyoung , Park Bumhee , Ahn Sung Soo
Published: July 2022

Background

Accumulating evidence now indicates that the presence of faecal haemoglobin, in the absence of gastrointestinal bleeding, may be an indicator of systemic inflammation and is linked to the development of human diseases. We evaluated whether a positive faecal immunochemical test (FIT) is associated with the development of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs).

Methods

Data from the nationwide colorectal cancer screening programme from 2009 to 2013 were used. Participants (n=8,646,887) were divided into FIT (+) and FIT (-) groups by performing a 1:1 random sampling matched by age and sex. Participants with concurrent haemorrhoids, colorectal cancer (CRC), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and missed CRC and IBD were excluded using the colonoscopy results, ICD-10 codes, and the special exemption code (V code). Endpoints were the incidence of IMIDs (rheumatoid arthritis [RA], systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE], and psoriatic arthritis [PsA]) after FIT.

Results

Of the 1,044,955 eligible participants, 229,594 and 815,361 individuals were included in the FIT (+) and the FIT (−) groups, respectively. During the mean follow-up period of 7.59 years, a total of 7645 (incidence rate [IR] 9.56/10,000 person-years [PY]), 208 (IR 0.26/10,000 PY), and 101 (IR 0.13/10,000 PY) patients were diagnosed with RA, SLE, and PsA, respectively. An adjusted Cox analysis demonstrated that FIT positivity conferred a 1.16 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09–1.24, p<0.001) times greater risk of developing RA. Kaplan–Meier analysis in the 1:2 propensity-score matched population also confirmed these results (hazard ratio [HR] 1.18, 95% CI 1.10–1.27, p<0.001).

Conclusions

Positive FIT is associated with increased risk of RA in the general population, corroborating that aberrancies of gut mucosa are associated with the development of IMIDs. Vigilant monitoring and early referral to a specialist upon medical suspicion is required in this population.

Trial registration

Retrospectively registered.

Graphical abstract
Multiple suicide attempts associated with addiction to tramadol
Authors: Nobile Bénédicte , Bonnin Marine , Olié Emilie , Courtet Philippe
Published: July 2022

Background

The opioid tramadol is used as analgesic drug, and more recently was also proposed for the management of major depressive disorder. However, growing evidence suggests a link between opioid system dysfunction and suicidal behaviors, raising the question of tramadol use in view of the high addictive and suicidal risk. Here, we present the case of a young adult woman with multiple suicide attempts related to tramadol addiction.

Case presentation

A 25-year-old woman was admitted for suicide attempt by phlebotomy in the Department of Psychiatric Emergency and Acute Care, Montpellier (France), in March 2020. The suicide attempt occurred 3 days after an abrupt tramadol withdrawal. In 2018, due to spinal disc herniation, she had a first prescription of tramadol to which she became addicted. The patient described an effect on psychological pain and suicidal ideation. However, she had to increase tramadol dose to obtain the desired effects, and for several months her intake was 2 000 mg per day. When she could not obtain tramadol any longer, suicidal ideation and psychological pain increased, leading to the suicide attempt. At the time of a worldwide opioid crisis that contributes to increasing suicidal behaviors, this case raises questions about tramadol prescription (often considered to be less addictive and with lower abuse potential) to individuals at risk of suicide.
Female germline stem cells: aging and anti-aging
Authors: Hong Wenli , Wang Baofeng , Zhu Yasha , Wu Jun’e , Qiu Li , Ling Shuyi , Zhou Ziqiong , Dai Yuqing , Zhong Zhisheng , Zheng Yuehui
Published: July 2022

The delay of ovarian aging and the fertility preservation of cancer patients are the eternal themes in the field of reproductive medicine. Acting as the pacemaker of female physiological aging, ovary is also considered as the principle player of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and etc. However, its aging mechanism and preventive measures are still unclear. Some researchers attempt to activate endogenous ovarian female germline stem cells (FGSCs) to restore ovarian function, as the most promising approach. FGSCs are stem cells in the adult ovaries that can be infinitely self-renewing and have the potential of committed differention. This review aims to elucidate FGSCs aging mechanism from multiple perspectives such as niches, immune disorder, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Therefore, the rebuilding nichs of FGSCs, regulation of immune dysfunction, anti-inflammation and oxidative stress remission are expected to restore or replenish FGSCs, ultimately to delay ovarian aging.
GoPeaks: histone modification peak calling for CUT&Tag
Authors: Yashar William M. , Kong Garth , VanCampen Jake , Curtiss Brittany M. , Coleman Daniel J. , Carbone Lucia , Yardimci Galip Gürkan , Maxson Julia E. , Braun Theodore P.
Published: July 2022

Genome-wide mapping of histone modifications is critical to understanding transcriptional regulation. CUT&Tag is a new method for profiling histone modifications, offering improved sensitivity and decreased cost compared with ChIP-seq. Here, we present GoPeaks, a peak calling method specifically designed for histone modification CUT&Tag data. We compare the performance of GoPeaks against commonly used peak calling algorithms to detect histone modifications that display a range of peak profiles and are frequently used in epigenetic studies. We find that GoPeaks robustly detects genome-wide histone modifications and, notably, identifies a substantial number of H3K27ac peaks with improved sensitivity compared to other standard algorithms.
Verrucous carcinoma of the esophagus with complete response after chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Hashimoto Masashi , Shirakawa Yasuhiro , Tanabe Shunsuke , Tanaka Takehiro , Maeda Naoaki , Sakurama Kazufumi , Noma Kazuhiro , Fujiwara Toshiyoshi
Published: July 2022

Background

Verrucous carcinoma of the esophagus (VCE) is a rare tumor that is difficult to diagnose. In most cases, biopsies show nonspecific inflammatory and hyperkeratotic changes and do not show malignant findings. Most VCEs are slowly growing, locally advanced tumors with few metastases. Treatments for VCE are the same as for normal esophageal cancer, involving combined chemotherapy, surgical resection, and radiation therapy. However, it has been reported that VCE has a poor response to radiation or chemoradiotherapy (CRT). A case of VCE with complete response (CR) after CRT is presented.

Case presentation

A 70-year-old man was found to have white, irregular esophageal mucosa 4 years earlier. He had been followed up as an outpatient as having candidal esophagitis. However, his tumor grew gradually, and biopsy was performed by endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). He was finally diagnosed with VCE. He had no metastases to distant organs, but some lymph node metastases were suspected. The tumor invaded his left bronchus. The esophagostomy and gastrostomy were constructed as emergent procedures. The patient then underwent definitive CRT. 4 weeks after the end of CRT, two-stage esophagectomy was performed. First, he underwent esophagectomy with thoracic lymph node dissection. A latissimus dorsi flap was patched to the bronchus after primary suture of the hole. 6 weeks later, reconstruction of the gastric tube was performed through the antethoracic route. The pathological findings showed CR to CRT, with no proliferative cancer cells in the specimen. The patient has had no recurrence for three and half years after the resection.

Conclusions

We presented a locally advanced VCE that achieved CR to CRT. In cases that have some difficulty for local resection, CRT might be an appropriate treatment for VCE.
Methodological Comparison of Mapping the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite to EuroQoL-5D-3L Using Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Data: Secondary Analysis of NRG/RTOG 0415
Authors: Khairnar Rahul , DeMora Lyudmila , Sandler Howard M. , Lee W. Robert , Villalonga-Olives Ester , Mullins C. Daniel , Palumbo Francis B. , Bruner Deborah W. , Shaya Fadia T. , Bentzen Soren M. , Shah Amit B. , Malone Shawn , Michalski Jeff M. , Dayes Ian S. , Seaward Samantha A. , Albert Michele , Currey Adam D. , Pisansky Thomas M. , Chen Yuhchyau , Horwitz Eric M. , DeNittis Albert S. , Feng Felix , Mishra Mark V.
Published: July 2022

PURPOSE

To compare the predictive ability of mapping algorithms derived using cross-sectional and longitudinal data.

METHODS

This methodological assessment used data from a randomized controlled noninferiority trial of patients with low-risk prostate cancer, conducted by NRG Oncology (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00331773 ), which examined the efficacy of conventional schedule versus hypofractionated radiation therapy (three-dimensional conformal external beam radiation therapy/IMRT). Health-related quality-of-life data were collected using the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC), and health utilities were obtained using EuroQOL-5D-3L (EQ-5D) at baseline and 6, 12, 24, and 60 months postintervention. Mapping algorithms were estimated using ordinary least squares regression models through five-fold cross-validation in baseline cross-sectional data and combined longitudinal data from all assessment periods; random effects specifications were also estimated in longitudinal data. Predictive performance was compared using root mean square error. Longitudinal predictive ability of models obtained using baseline data was examined using mean absolute differences in the reported and predicted utilities.

RESULTS

A total of 267 (and 199) patients in the estimation sample had complete EQ-5D and EPIC domain (and subdomain) data at baseline and at all subsequent assessments. Ordinary least squares models using combined data showed better predictive ability (lowest root mean square error) in the validation phase for algorithms with EPIC domain/subdomain data alone, whereas models using baseline data outperformed other specifications in the validation phase when patient covariates were also modeled. The mean absolute differences were lower for models using EPIC subdomain data compared with EPIC domain data and generally decreased as the time of assessment increased.

CONCLUSION

Overall, mapping algorithms obtained using baseline cross-sectional data showed the best predictive performance. Furthermore, these models demonstrated satisfactory longitudinal predictive ability.
Study on the correlations of different clinical types with imaging findings at initial diagnosis and clinical laboratory indexes in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Ren Hongwei , Zhang Xiaobo , Tang Yu , Yan Tao , Liu Yuan
Published: July 2022

Objectives: To investigate the correlations of initial lab and imaging findings in COVID-19 patients of different clinical types.

Methods: We retrospective analyzed patients confirmed with COVID-19 in the Fifth Medical Center of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital between February to April 2020, selected a total of 58 (N) patients with lab and imaging examinations that met the study criteria, using Artificial intelligence (AI) software to calculate the percentage of COVID-19 lesions in the volume of the whole lung, then the correlations of general information, initial chest CT examination after admission and laboratory examinations were analyzed.

Results: The 58 (N) COVID-19 patients were divided into mild group [41(n) cases] and severe group [17(n) cases] according to patient’s condition. CT findings of the severe group and mild group mainly included single or multiple ground glass opacity (GGO), with lesions mainly distributed in the periphery of lungs or GGO mixed with consolidation, with lesions involved in peripheral and central areas of both lungs, accompanied other signs. A significant difference in CRP, IL-6, D-D, GGT was observed between the two groups (p < 0.05). The ratios regarding lymphocyte abnormality and neutrophil abnormality in the severe group were higher than those in the mild group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The CT features at initial diagnosis of COVID-19 were mainly characterized by multiple GGO with or without partial consolidation in both lungs, with the lesions mainly distributed at the subpleural regions. Some lab test indexes were correlated with the clinical types of COVID-19.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.6.5091

How to cite this:Ren H, Zhang X, Tang Y, Yan T, Liu Y. Study on the correlations of different clinical types with imaging findings at initial diagnosis and clinical laboratory indexes in COVID-19 patients. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(6):---------.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.6.5091

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
EFFICIENCY OF CROP ROTATIONS IN THE LOWER VOLGA CONDITIONS
Authors: Seminchenko Elena V.
Published: July 2022

Background. In the dry-thermal zone of the Lower Volga region, one of the factors of increasing the productivity of Pashnya is organic fertilizer. The effectiveness of the introduction into the soil of siderates, straw and leaf-weighting mass of field crops and their effect on the decrease in water consumption coefficients, an increase in the return of the organic matter and increasing the yield of grain crops was carried out. Gorodishcheskoe land use Cadastral number 34:03:000000:6.

Purpose. Determine the effectiveness of biologized crop rotations in the agrolandscapes of the Lower Volga region.

Materials and methods. Accounting and observations were: recommendation on the methodology for conducting observations and research in the fields of the NII of the Southeast, Saratov, 1973; Methods of experimental work B.A. Armorovov (Armpecov, 1985). The aggregate composition of the soil (according to the method of N.I. Savinova, 1931, refined TSH). Accounting for the biological mass of siteral crops in the phase of cosset or budgement. Determination of the biological yield of plants from sites of 0.25 m2 located in four places of the defense. Accounting for crop solid, daily. Accounting for sitaral cultures and perennial herbs – a cat in manual. Calculation of the exit of feed units and digestible protein was performed using the transfer coefficients by M.F. Tomme.

Results. Studies have shown that an anti-erosion effect in dry years (8-mpole crop rotation has a counter-erosion effect, in the wet years (GTC> 0.8), the largest anti-erosion effect is observed in 5 and 7-mpole crop rotations with perennial herbs. The analysis of the data showed that in five-field crop rotation, the highest flow into the soil of organic mass (straw + roots) was observed - 5.5 t/ha. Gumus deficiency with the highest indicator (-0.33) t / ha in 4 pollen crop rotation. The 8-mpolous fruitless crop turnover had the greatest productivity. From one hectare of the cropping area, the yield of grain was 1.50 t/ha, feed units 1.67. Upload products in K.ED. 4 and 8-mpol crops are with hectares of sowing square. To stabilize soil fertility, a fruitful 8-mpolor crop rotation with 50% of cereals is recommended. The same crop rotation is the most productive to collect grain and feed units with a hectare of crop-coordinate area.

Conclusion. The results of the study indicate the important role of biologized crop rotations in the conditions of the Lower Volga region. The area of application of the recommendations is the zone of soils of light chestnut soils of the Lower Volga region.
INVESTIGATION OF THE FORMATION REACTION OF σ-ADDUTS OF 2-R-5,7-DINITROBENZOXAZOLES
Authors: Mukhtorov Loik G. , Boykova Olga I. , Ivanova Evgeniya V. , Nikishina Maria B. , Perelomov Leonid V. , Atroshchenko Yuri M.
Published: July 2022

Background. The problem of the synthesis of new effective biologically active compounds remains an urgent task of modern chemical science. It is known that oxazole derivatives have a broad spectrum of physiological activity. In this regard, expanding the range of these derivatives seems to be an urgent task. One of the promising methods for the functionalization of nitro derivatives of heterocycles is reductive activation, which proceeds through the formation of relatively labile, highly reactive hydride σ-adducts, which can then be used to synthesize new biologically active compounds. This work is devoted to the study of the formation reaction of anionic σ-complexes of 2-R-5,7-dinitrobenzoxazoles under the action of sodium tetrahydroborate.

Purpose. To study the reaction of formation of anionic σ-complexes of 2-R-5,7-dinitrobenzoxazoles by spectral methods.

Materials and methods. The reaction mechanism for the formation of anionic σ-adducts 2-R-5,7-dinitrobenzoxazoles under the action of sodium tetrahydroborate was proposed on the basis of the data of UV spectra obtained by carrying out the studied reaction in the cuvette of an SF 103 spectrophotometer. The structure of the obtained compounds was also proved using 1H-, 13C - and 2D-correlation NMR spectroscopy.

Results. Double-charged hydride σ-adducts based on 2-R-5,7-dinitrobenzoxazoles were synthesized under the action of sodium tetrahydroborate. The structure of the formed adducts was proved by the methods of electronic and NMR spectroscopy, and a probable mechanism of the reaction was proposed.

Conclusion. The reaction of mild reduction of dinitro derivatives of benzo[d]oxazole under the action of sodium tetrahydroborate was studied. As a result, the corresponding hydride σ-complexes, which are sodium salts of bis-nitroic acids of benzo[d]oxazole, were isolated and identified by spectral methods. The mechanism of the reaction of their formation has been suggested.
MODELING INTRAORGAN VASCULATURE USING PROCEDURAL AND MATHEMATICAL SPACE TRANSFORMATIONS
Authors: Zenin Oleg , Kosnikov Yury N. , Kafarov Edgar S.
Published: July 2022

Background. The electronic methods in medicine are getting more widespread. The COVID-19 pandemic forced remote IT technologies to develop. It is necessary to create medical e-learning systems, in particular, to study anatomy of human organ vasculatures.

Purpose. To create universal and realistic 3d-model of intraorgan vasculatures based on the vasculature morphometry results.

Materials and methods. Morphometric data of real vascular networks, geometric modeling in plane and in scape, procedural spatial transformation of the vasculature according to the law of a logarithmic spiral were used.

Results. A two-staged sequence for construction a geometric 3d-model is proposed. The model is built of the units of vasculature, which are called bifurcations (dichotomies). At the first stage, mathematical 2d-model of a vascular network fragment is build based on morphometric data of the geometry of vasculature. It reflects the structure and quantitative characteristics of the vascular bifurcations (dichotomies). At the second stage, data about third special coordinate is added and a procedural 3d-model of the fragment is built. To increase the accuracy of the model, the ability to bend the vessels and to differ diameters of their starting and ending points have been added.

Conclusion. The universal 3d-model of a tree-like structure is presented as a visualization of the intraorgan vasculature. These models can be used as visual teaching aids in online education environment. To increase the informative and educational value of the model, visual images of various pathologies of the vasculature can be added.
TO THE QUESTION OF RADIATION SAFETY: STUDY OF SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES OF STRONTIUM-90 AND CESIUM-137 IN SELECTED BABY FOOD PRODUCTS
Authors: Batyan Anatoly N. , Kravchenko Vyacheslav A. , Yakimenko Anastasia V. , Litvyak Vladimir V. , Kuzina Lidia B.
Published: July 2022

Background. Baby food products contain the necessary components for life and elements that are unsafe for health, particularly the radioactive isotopes of strontium-90 and cesium-137. Radiation from isotopes ingested at such an early age can lead to irreversible damage to organs and tissues, negatively affecting a person’s later life.

Materials and methods. As an object of research, we selected specialized ready-to-eat baby food products from canned fish to fruit and milk purees sold and produced in the Republic. We analyze baby food products for compliance with the specific activity indicators of strontium-90 and cesium-137 with the internal hygienic standard of the Republic of Belarus GN 10-117-99 and the technical regulation of the Customs Union «On food safety» (TR TS 021/2011). We study the specific activities of cesium-137 and strontium-90 using RKG-AT1320 and MSK-AT1315, respectively. In addition, we undertake statistical analysis using the Statistica package, where we determine the coefficient of variation of an indicator within a product and the variance of the available values.

Results. In 14 types of baby food, we found the following features: the specific activities of cesium-137 varied from 1,2 Bq/kg in Beef Puree to 7,0 in Peach Puree, which, in our opinion, is due to a decrease in the content of radionuclide during its migration in food chains: plant → animal, as well as technological features of product preparation.

Specific activities of strontium-90 varied from 1 Bq/kg in Banana and Strawberry Puree with Cream to 1,85 Bq/kg in Reduced Apple-Rosehip Juice. We also noted that within the species «Puree of banana and strawberry with a cream», the values also change in a wide range for the specific activity of strontium-90 from 1 Bq/kg to 1.8 Bq/kg. Errors in the determination procedure can explain this fact since the product is thermally concentrated.

Statistical analysis showed that the smallest coefficient of variation was in «Prune puree» – 3,18%, and the highest in «Salmon puree» – 75%. The high coefficient of variation in «Salmon puree» is due to the diversity of the fodder base for salmon. On the other hand, the low value of the coefficient of variation in «Prune puree» is caused by the uniformity of the growing conditions of prunes.

Conclusion. The analyzed specialized baby food products comply with the republican normative act GN 10-117-99 and the EAEU standard TR CU 021/2011.
Práxis em Psicologia Social: Experiências de Pesquisa e Extensão na Microrregião de São João del-Rei
Authors: Rodrigues Maximiliano , Corrêa Netto Isa Magesti , Carvalho Juliana Silva de , Silva Marcos Vieira
Published: July 2022

Este artigo visa a destacar a experiência de trabalho em Psicologia Social desenvolvida pelo grupo de ensino, pesquisa e extensão denominado "Processos grupais e articulações identitárias (PGAI), vinculado ao Laboratório de Pesquisa e Intervenção Psicossocial (LAPIP) da Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ). Busca-se, sobretudo, relatar como os saberes e fazeres do PGAI amparados pela Psicologia Social Crítica e suas categorias de análise, podem contribuir para a emancipação de algumas populações de São João del-Rei. Pretende-se identificar também como o processo grupal pode fortalecer a construção de políticas públicas locais, de forma a promover transformação social. Foi possível perceber que a práxis que o grupo vem exercendo tem possibilitado a efetivação de mudanças no cotidiano das pessoas envolvidas que, marcadas por alguns eixos de desigualdade e opressão, encontram-se em situação de vulnerabilidade social. Nesse sentido, as práticas realizadas permitem ao público envolvido tanto desenvolver uma consciência crítica, quanto exercer ações de mudança social, favorecendo, assim, melhores condições de vida e novos sentidos existenciais.
Adoecimento Mental, Antipsiquiatria e Antidiagnóstico: Notas a Partir de Elso Arruda
Authors: Mota Ana Maria Del Grossi Ferreira , Miranda Rodrigo Lopes
Published: July 2022

A conformação da Psicologia Clínica ocorreu por meio de tensionamentos produzidos por diferentes profissionais, envolvidos nas práxis da clínica psi, no país. Parte desses embates ressaltam a utilização de métodos e técnicas psicológicas, para solução de problemas de ajustamento, no campo Psi - Psiquiatria, Psicologia e Psicanálise. Esta pesquisa objetiva identificar e caracterizar tensionamentos no campo psi referentes à Psicologia Clínica a partir de publicações de um de seus personagens, Elso Arruda. Metodologicamente, essa é uma investigação sociobibliométrica, que se insere na interseção entre a História Social da Psicologia, a História da Psiquiatria e a História da Psicanálise. Para a análise do conteúdo das fontes primárias utilizamos o software Iramuteq. Os resultados sugerem que circularam, entre os saberes psi, discursos pró-reforma psiquiátrica, na década de 1960. As fontes indicam ainda uma mudança da noção de diagnóstico na clínica psi, norteada por uma proposta antipsiquiátrica e antidiagnóstica, bem como o uso da psicologia, da psicanálise e da fenomenologia existencial para compreender o indivíduo.
Understanding the key components of effective dementia education and training
Authors: Hill James E , Rahman-Amin Malayka , Harrison Joanna
Published: July 2022

Inadequate and poor care can lead to a reduced quality of life for people living with dementia, as well as a higher overall cost to the healthcare sector. Dementia education and training for health and social care staff has been set as a priority by the Department of Health and Social Care. It is vital to identify what specific factors are important when undertaking dementia care training. This article critically appraises and evaluates a systematic review that identified key factors in delivering effective dementia care training.
Review of recently published articles
Authors: Cook Neal
Published: July 2022

Neal Cook provides a synopsis and brief review of a selection of recently published research articles that are of interest to neuroscience nurses, highlighting key points to keep you up to date; a full reference is provided for those who wish to read the research in more detail
Hazards and pitfalls of incorporation
Authors: Thornley Helen , Bernstein Adam
Published: July 2022

Company tax law can cause issues for a care home and its owners as much as it can any other business – especially when the rules around running a company are not understood. Helen Thornley discusses the advantages and disadvantages of incorporation, highlighting areas to be careful of when making the decision.
High quality support for staff, high quality care
Authors: Halliwell Amanda
Published: July 2022

Recruiting and retaining staff with a caring approach, suitable experience and a willingness to learn forms a large part of the success of many care providers. Amanda Halliwell examines the requirements set by the regulations, using illustrations from recently inspected homes.
Management of the Palatally Displaced Maxillary Canine. Part 1: Extract, Align or Avoid?
Authors: Frawley Tom , Parkin Nicola
Published: July 2022

The decision-making process in the management of a patient with a palatally displaced canine can be complex, with several clinical and patient-related variables, each requiring careful consideration, both individually and in unison. In this article, we discuss these factors, along with the available treatment options and their underlying evidence base.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Alignment of palatally displaced maxillary canine represents a common and potentially challenging clinical task for all orthodontists. A detailed understanding of the factors that can potentially influence the success of this approach should help clinicians to reach an appropriate treatment decision for each individual patient as part of a risk–benefit approach.