bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Effects of Health Sector and Health Expenditures on Economic Growth for Turkey between the years 2000-2014
Authors: Hacıoğlu Deniz Müjgan , Sümer Kutluk Kağan
Published: December 2019

This study provides general information about the health economics and the health care expenditures in addition to its relations with economic growth and development. Specifically, this research focuses on the relation between health expenditures such as investments in medical sector, drugs etc. and economic growth in Turkey. Determining the structure of health expenditures and identifying the factors that influence such expenditures; “Child-Infant Mortality Rate”, “Life Expectancy at Birth and “Gross Mortality Rate are vitally important in terms of improvement of health indicators. Gross National Product per Capita and health expenditures per capita were considered as basic economic indicators as well. In this research, Turkey’s Gross National Product per capita in years between 2000–2014 and changes in basic health indicators of Turkey were analyzed and evaluated together. It also examined if a close relation exists between the expenditures for drugs and the total health expenditures within the whole system.
Poverty and The Millennium Development Goals Between 1990-2015: The Case of Turkey
Authors: Çelik Hüseyin , Çelik Ahmet Duran , Fisunoğlu Mahir
Published: December 2019

As a definition; poverty is a situation that people’s basic needs are not being met to sustain their life which is many countries facing today. In recent years, fighting against poverty has become one of the most important issues in the world. One of the steps taken by the United Nations to fight against poverty is Millennium Development Goals. In 2000, a millennium development meeting took place with many countries’ participation in New York. During the meeting, many goals were set such as eliminating poverty and famine, decreasing child death, providing primary education for all and dealing with epidemic diseases. In this study, progress level of The Millennium Development Goals, the steps which have taken and their effects were examined in Turkey. Data was collected from UNDP and TSI (Turkish Statistical Institute). The millennium development goals globally have been reached at a certain level between 1990 and 2015. Today, primary school accessibility level is around 90% in developing countries. Even though poverty was reduced by half, there are still 1,2 billion people who live in extreme poverty. In Turkey, there have been promising developments towards Millennium Development Goals. While level of people who live under extreme poverty line (1$ per day) was 0,2% in 2002, this rate was decreased to 0% by 2006. The poverty rate (below 4,3 $ per capita per day) in 2014 was 1,62%, and primary school enrollment rate was 99%. In addition to this, mother and children death rate was largely decreased.
Cooperative Members’ Participation Status and Trends to Cooperative Management: Case of Regional Union of Agricultural Credit Cooperative in Balıkesir
Authors: Everest Bengü , Yercan Murat
Published: December 2019

Cooperatives are organizations that are managed by partners. The behavior and approaches of the partners related to cooperative management affect the success of the cooperative. This study aimed to determine the following; level of awareness about the cooperative management of members, tasks take trends in the cooperative management who didn’t take task in the cooperative management, members participate in the cooperative management.
The data were obtained by face-to-face interviews with the 367 cooperative members in Balıkesir, Bursa and Çanakkale province. Participation of members in the cooperative management of the situation revealed non-parametric statistical methods, logistic regression analysis method and fuzzy paired comparison method were used.
56,25% of the members think as, "states should be effective in reaching decisions on the cooperative". According to logistic regression analysis young partners tend to think that way than older partners. Only 20% of members who didn’t take task in the cooperative management, want to take task in the cooperative management in future. These members follow-up agricultural meetings and use internet for reach agricultural information. 45% of members joined last cooperative management meeting. According to fuzzy paired comparison method, the most influential factor in the choose management decision is “to trust management candidate”.
Implementation of Environmentally Based Agricultural Land Protection Program in Turkey
Authors: Hasdemir Mehmet , Hasdemir Mine
Published: December 2019

Agriculture, which includes many aspects like vegetative and animal production by utilization of soil and water resources and enhancement of efficiency and quality, has been considered the most environmentally-friendly sector up to date and meets nutritional demand of one fifth of world population. On the other hand, due to utilization of intensive input for maximization of yield per unit area of land, agriculture has become a sector which may also result negative impacts on the environment. For this reason, environmentally-friendly agricultural policies have started to be implemented in many countries besides the implementation of policies based on increased agricultural production. In this context, Environmentally Based Agricultural Land Protection (ÇATAK) Program has started to be implemented in Turkey since 2006 for protection of soil and water quality, prevention of erosion and mitigation of agriculture-derived negative impacts. The Program is executed by the Ministry of Food and Agriculture. Within this scope, environmentally-friendly practices are being supported by awarding grants to the beneficiary farmers. This study aims to address the extent to which implementation of ÇATAK Program has contributed to land protection based on a review of environmentally-friendly agricultural practices and beneficiary activities. Additionally, the place of environmental subsidy is assessed within the agricultural funding scheme being implemented in Turkey.
Theoretical Perspective on the Concept of Sustainable Economic Growth
Authors: Bal Oğuz
Published: December 2019

Economic growth, real GDP is a concept that is related to the growth rate of the country. The history of this concept dates back to the mercantilist era. Mercantilist period the active actor is the state, while state intervention in fizyokrat, in contrast to the natural order, rationalism, and "laissez-fairy, laissez passer" was highlighted. The main idea in the classics of liberalism. Opinions that are based on the pressure of its population. Neoklasik the successor of the classics, according to the exogenous growth of labor supply and the concept of “labor growth and technological process” is one of the main determinants of the growth rate along the balanced. Classical and neoclassical growth models, the supply factor describes. Supply-side and demand is internal to the economic system is limited by assumptions.
Keynesian and post-Keynesian growth models demand-oriented is referred to as. Vascular growth is tied to investment. The production capacity of the economy and new investments to increase production. Harrod, actual, guaranteed, and has made the difference between the natural growth rate. Harrod-Domar; are bound by the terms of the balance of the sustainability of growth. Stabilizing role of the state have been given. These models had been undertaken by N. Kaldor, Thirlwall was developed by.
This article is intended that the components of the theoretical framework of the challenges of sustainable growth and developments is to examine and discuss. The method applied the inductive method.
Analysis of Factors Affecting the Available Agricultural Policy Utilization Levels of Organic Farming Producers: The Case of Izmir Seferhisar Town
Authors: Tan Sibel , Şimdi Uğur , Everest Bengü
Published: December 2019

Within the agricultural policies of the country, supports are provided to producers for the implementation of certain activities. Sufficiency of such supports feedbacks received from the target groups using these supports.
There are 141 agricultural facilities in Seferihisar dealing with organic farming and these facilities constituted the research universe. Full-count method was used to determine the research sample. A face-to-face questionnaire was performed with 100 farmers dealing with organic farming. Basic descriptive statistics were used to put forth the socio-economic status of the farmers, facility characteristics and their current status with regard to use of available agricultural supports. The factors influencing the use of available agricultural supports were analyzed by “Logistic Regression” method.
Logistic regression analysis was performed to find out the utilization levels of available policies by the farmers dealing with organic farming. Farmer age was identified as the most significant factor influencing the utilization level of consultancy services provided by the state. On the other hand, credit utilization was identified as the most significant factor for the deficiency payments and fuel-fertilizer supports. Education levels was the most significant factor in using supports provided for organic farming and age was the most significant factor in using soil analysis supports.
Results revealed age, educational level, credit use capability and land size as the most significant factors in utilization of agricultural policies and state supports. Development of such characteristics of the producers will increase the chance of success of available policies and proper allocation of agricultural supports.
Dutch Disease and Iranian Economy: Has Orientation to Compulsory Autarky Suppressed the Disease?
Authors: Riyazi İlgar , Özdemir Dilek , Doker Aslı Cansın , Emsen Ömer Selçuk
Published: December 2019

The discovery of natural resources and its impact on the increase in export revenues is highly likely to affect production, consumption and foreign trade relations of non-natural resources sectors. The inertia condition created by the resource exploration is defined as the curse of natural resources. Additionally, the curse of the resources reveals negative repercussions such as the Dutch Disease, rent-seeking, overconfidence and neglect education. Within this aspect, the Dutch disease can be defined as a mechanism emerging through the discovery of natural resources and its exports, which causes negativity in other export products. As the disease will be expected to come out, war and embargo practices can also be considered to be self-sufficiency in diversity in the local/national economy. In this framework, it is discussed in this study, whether Iran falls to the Dutch Disability, or it is organized by external forces the period between 1980 and 2014. According to findings obtained from the time series analyzes, the natural resource richness was determined in Iran if the presence of the Dutch disease is not strong. In recent years, however, it can be said that the weakness of the disease has led to the war and embargo that Iran experienced especially in self-sufficiency.
A Research and Determination of the Effective Elements in the Prevention of Migration from the Village to the City for Sustainable Rural Development i
Authors: Özdemir Lutfiye , Polat Orhan , Seyitoğlu Gamze , Çiçekli Sevde
Published: December 2019

In today's Turkey, rapid technological changes and developments at global level has increased to migration from village to urban areas. Sustainable rural development (SRD) means that future generations can meet their needs in a settlement that is less than a population of 20,000, so that past generations can’t complain about them. For sustainable rural development, it is important to prevent rural migration and to present labour, production, marketing and living opportunities in rural areas. In this context, the study was conducted in order to investigate the causes of migration from the village to the city, to take the necessary precautions and to make suggestions for the SRD. For this purpose, the research has been applied to farmers in selected villages in Central Anatolia, Black Sea, Aegean, Marmara, Mediterranean and Eastern Anatolia Regions in Turkey with face to face discussions and 141 questionnaires have already been collected.
It was found that Cronbach Alpha was found to be quite reliable as the result of the analysis with a scale value of 0.785. Reasons for migration as a result of factor analysis can be classified as: 1) Migration due to education, 2) Migrations based on physical infrastructure. Numerous independent variables considered to be effective on these problems were analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis. As a result, it has been determined that many factors, mainly demographic qualities, are effective on migrations based on both education and physical infrastructure.
A Summary of Eurasia and Turkey as Selected Economic Indicators
Authors: Çiftçi Hakkı
Published: December 2019

Turkey aiming to be the production base of Eurasia for medium and high technology products; Abbreviated terms of SME support, sectoral policies, infrastructure studies, incentive schemes, or other harmonization of various areas such as regional differences. It plays an important role in the sales and marketing of medium and high-tech sectors, such as the number of SMEs, population structure, geographical and strategic location as well as innovation, technology and value economy. Increasing their share in production and exports, pushing molds come out of the branded industry concept and within the framework of a new industrial structural transformation; The global economy has quickly pushed forward the swift, flexible and practical industry in terms of improving the structure and texture of the Eurasian countries and Turkey; The need to increase the competitiveness of the new investment should increase the efficiency of the company, facilitate the financing of the financial statements, deepen financial markets and increase the financing instruments should gain importance and priority by targeting selective policies for our economy.
Dramatically Rising Service Trade and Competitiveness Power: Developments in Turkish Economy (1980-2015)
Authors: Yurttançıkmaz Ziya Çağlar , Azgün Sabri , Gencer Ayşen Hiç , Emsen Ömer Selçuk
Published: December 2019

It has been revealed both in the theoretical and the applied studies that the trade of goods in the traditional foreign trade theories reflects the prosperity indicators of the countries such as economic growth and employment positively. In the 1970s, especially with the developments on financial globalization, the foreign trade structure has started to evolve, and the service trade has started to become more and more important or weighted. While the literature on competitiveness is related to the commodity trade, it is noteworthy that there are more limited studies on the results and suggestions of the competition power in service trade. In this study Balassa’s (1965) RCA (Revealed Comparative Advantages) approach was used to determine Turkey's competitive power on service trade. In this context, Turkey has tried to measure competition power against the world in each service sub sector related to the classification of traditional service sector such as tourism and transportation and other service sectors (telecommunication, financial services, insurance etc.) which are defined as modern services sector. It is analyzed with using annual data between 1980 and 2015 obtained from the UNCTAD. According to findings the competitive power in the tourism sector with traditional services is stronger in Turkey. This can be seen generally disadvantageous in the transportation sector, but there has been some increase in competition power since 2009. On the other hand, in the field of other service sectors expressed as modern services, it is concluded that there is no competitive power and it is highly disadvantaged.
The Effect of Climate Change On Food Prices: OECD Case
Authors: Tekeoğlu Muammer , Çiftçi Hakkı , İşcan Erhan , Serin Oktay Duygu
Published: December 2019

Climate change has emerged as the most important problem of this century for the world. We can speak of many social, political and economic multi-dimensional impacts of the climate change on humankind. On the one hand, the cities are suffering due to unusual environmental activities, on the other hand the migration due to the degraded environment affect the regional economies. At the same time, climate change is triggering the health problems of the humankind along with the disappearance of many animal species. Similar to these there are many different issues and problems of the climate change. But one problem is differing from the others and this problem is the worst one that humankind ever met: the food problem. Throughout the ages the food problem turned into an economic problem because agriculture becomes an economic sector that produces food. The effects of climate change on agricultural sector have strong influence on world economy. The supply of food decreases with the more frequent extreme weather events. A lot of people have difficulties in getting food and income of the agricultural sector declines. The purpose of the study is to draw attention to this problem. Therefore, the relationship between food prices and CO2 emission was tested by using panel cointegration techniques. Analyze was done by using the annual CPI-food and CO2 emission data of selected 26 OECD countries. The empirical results indicated the effect of the climate change on food prices. In consequence of this effect the policymakers must set more efficient policies.
The Relation of Carbon Emission and Foreign Trade
Authors: Bal Harun , İşcan Erhan , Serin Oktay Duygu , Loğoğlu Selçuk
Published: December 2019

The rapid increase in the world population and the tecnological developments' positive contribution to industrialization has increased demand for resources. The excessive use of the factors to meet these needs has confronted mankind with the pronlem of climate change which is the of the most serious problems of the past. Global warming and climate change have changed the structure of gas components in the atmosphere and have allowed countries to take the problem to the global perspective. The national responsibilities are closely related to the foreing trade of the countries. In this context, the study of the relationship between carbon emissions and international trade relations has been the aim of the study. Using the dynamic paned data method, the relationship between carbon emissions and international trade was examined for 33 OECD countries between 2000-2013. As a result of the empirical results, the relationship between import variable and carbon emission is positive and statistically significant, while the relation between export and carbon emissions is negative and statistically significant. Subsequently, it was aimed to determine the long-term existence of carbon emissions and international trade relations for Turkey by using the ARDL approach. The relationship between Turkey's carbon emissions, imports, exports and heavy industrial product varieties has examined by using ARDL approach. The empirical results show that Turkey wont be able to say anything definite about the relationship between the variables of trade and and carbon emissions because protocol obligations are low and accepted late.
Relationship Between Trade Openness, Capital Formation and Economic Growth: A Panel Data Analysis for African Countries
Authors: Ay Ahmet , Kurşunel Fahri , Abdou Baoua Mahamane Moutari
Published: December 2019

The more a country is open to trade, the more it attracts investors and the faster its economy develops. However, some study showed that sometime it can be the opposite of all this. In this context, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between trade openness, capital formation and economic growth in African countries. To do so, we collected data of GDP per capita, trade (% of GDP), Gross national expenditure and capital formation variables. The method applied is panel cointegration and causality by using time series of 38 African countries for the period of 1990-2014. According to the results there is long run relationship between all the variables and the cross sectional co-integration test result indicates that there is more cointegration in Comoros, Equatorial Guinea, Niger and Guinea-Bissau. With highest GDP per capita, Equatorial Guinea has more long-run relationship between trade openness, capital formation and economic growth. However, one of the poorest countries in the world (Niger), has also efficient long run relationship between the variables. The panel causality test results suggest that there is unidirectional causal relationship from trade openness to economic growth. There is also bidirectional causality link between capital formation and economic growth. In the same context, causal link exists from capital formation to trade openness. The study suggests that African countries must increase the investment promotions in order to increase the capital formation and trade openness then to boost economic growth.
Rating of Social and Economic Status of Regions as the Basis of Their Investment Attractiveness
Authors: Bektenova Damira
Published: December 2019

As a result of comprehensive analysis of socio-economic situation in Kyrgyzstan regions it is worked out a method of ranking regions based on aggregation of various indicators determining important factors of region economic position. The rating of regions can be used for purposes of definition of investment attractiveness and providing transparency and reliability based on data of statistical institutes. The final result of the correlation analysis of the relationship between the growth rates of investment volume and the growth rates of the gross regional product showed that the relationship between them is very weak, which characterizes the inefficient use of investment resources.
An Economic Eurasian Tale: Rakhine State
Authors: Bocutoğlu Ersan
Published: December 2019

Genocide or, to say the least, ethnic cleansing towards Muslims in Rakhine State, Myanmar, conducted by fanatic Buddhist monks and the military has been on the agenda in recent months. This opening speech aims at finding out real causes of this inhumane incident and investigating whether or not it is solely a result of some kind interreligious conflict in Myanmar. My research has convinced me that Rakhine inter-ethnic question has international economic and security related roots that deserve close and detailed investigation. In my point of view, the Rakhine Question depends heavily on economic security considerations such as: a) security of natural gas and petrol reservoirs in Rakhine State and pipelines connecting Rakhine State to China, b) security of railway link connecting Kyaukpyu Deep Water Sea Port in Kyaukpyu Special Economic Zone in Rakhine State to China which has developed by China to bypass Malacca Strait. The potential that Muslim dominated Rakhine State may cause security threats to some of the foreign Chinese investments in Myanmar in medium term should be taken as a main cause that gives way to ethnic cleansing against Muslim Rakhine population.
The cognitive impairments and their correction for children
with cerebral palsy by intensive neurophysiological rehabilitation
system
Authors: Kozyavkin Volodymyr , Shestopalova Liudmyla , Melekh Nataliia
Published: December 2019

The aim of the study was to examine the dynamics of cognitive impairments in children and teenagers with cerebral palsy during rehabilitation using Intensive neurophysiological rehabilitation
system (INRS). To evaluate the eff ectiveness of cognitive impairments
by INRS 174 patients with cerebral palsy were examined, before and
after completion of rehabilitation. Main positive eff ects of using INRS for correction of cognitive impairment in children with cerebral palsy consisted in improving the functions of verbal memory, voluntary attention, neurodynamic and operational components of mental
operations, improving performance of verbal and nonverbal intelligence.
Proven that intensive neurophysiological rehabilitation system is an eff ective corrective method of cognitive impairments in children with cerebral palsy.
Key words: cerebral palsy, cognitive impairments, rehabilitation, intensive
neurophysiological rehabilitation system.
Pain characteristics and features of impairment motor pattern
in young people suff ering from vertebrogenic lumbosacral
pain syndromes
Authors: Kufterina Nataliya
Published: December 2019

Based on a survey of 99 young people suffering from vertebrogenic
lumbosacral pain syndromes in 100 % of patients a impairment of the motor pattern is shown, which is manifested by postural imbalance not only in the muscles of the pelvic girdle, but also in the muscles of the neck, chest and shoulder girdle, as well as a shift in the center of gravity, caused either by asymmetry of the legs with deformation of the body in the frontal plane, or in the sagittal plane, depending on the location of the pain with symmetry of the lower extremities.
Key words: vertebrogenic lumbosacral pain syndromes, motor pattern
Comparison of two different techniques for sugar liquor decolourization in a raw sugar refinery
Authors: Ahring Günther , Emeis Robert
Published: December 2019

Several process steps are required to decolourize sugar liquor in a raw sugar refinery. One typical treatment step employs ion exchange columns (IEX) to reduce the colour in the sugar liquor. An alternative process step is using granular activated carbon (GAC) in pulsed bed adsorption columns to decolourize the sugar liquor. This paper compares the installation of a GAC against an IEX plant concerning space demand, investment costs, operating costs, performance and environmental aspects in a VHP raw sugar refinery.
Statistic thermodynamic analysis of fructans – Part 1: Molar mass distribution of inulin and modeling of inulin biosynthesis
Authors: Beck Roland H.F. , Huber Anton
Published: December 2019

The application of statistic thermodynamic principles to the biosynthesis of inulin explains the synthesizing and degrading activities of the fructan:fructan fructosyl transferase (FFT) enzyme as well as the molar mass distribution of native inulins. The direction of the FFT enzyme action is energetically forced by maximization of the mixing entropy of the polymeric distribution of inulin. The entropy maximized polymeric distribution of native inulins corresponds to the most probable distribution for linear polymers (Flory-Schulz distribution). Estimating the energetic need of the FFT enzyme from in vitro experiments and applying it to in vivo conditions provides an explanation and an accurate prediction for the molar mass found for native plant inulins in vivo.
Polyols – more than sweeteners
Authors: Radeloff Michael A. , Beck Roland H.F.
Published: December 2019

Polyols – produced today at a millions of tons scale by hydrogenation or fermentation of carbohydrates from renewable raw materials – have become a valuable “natural” ingredient in a wide range of applications in the food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, chemical and technical industry. Beyond sweetness at low calorific value and favourable glycemic response, the intrinsic properties of polyols make them versatile and widely used bulking agents, humectants, binders, complexing agents, plasticizers and chemical reactants, whenever “green chemistry” solutions are looked for.
The South American sugar market
Authors: Rocha Leonardo Bichara
Published: December 2019

This paper provides the outlook for sugar (and ethanol) production in South America by country. South America is the origin for over half of the world’s total sugar exports, with Brazil being the dominant supplier, particularly for raw sugar. Total sugar production in South America is estimated to rise to 57.2 mn t, raw value, by 2020. Sugar production growth is likely to be high in medium-sized producers like Bolivia, Peru and Ecuador whilst in Argentina and Colombia the bulk of new investment is set to go to the ethanol sector. Despite high per capita consumption, South America is set to consolidate and even increase its exportable sugar surplus, forecast to reach 33.5 mn t by 2020.
Energy efficiency improvement of cane sugar factories by drying of bagasse with superheated steam
Authors: Morgenroth Boris , Batstone Druce
Published: December 2019

Bagasse drying with superheated steam offers the advantage of producing approximately 15% more power than with a conventional co-generation plant. Based on a fibre content of 14% on cane a power export of up to 140 kWh/t cane is achievable compared to 122 kWh/t cane in case of a conventional highly efficient co-generation plant. The operational results of a 12 t/h bagasse drier in Australia are briefly described and a concept of integrating a bagasse steam drier system in a modern highly energy efficient cane sugar plant is explained. This encompasses changes in the boiler capacity, turbogenerators and evaparation plant lay-out. Based on power export prices in the range of USD50–85/MWh the payback period of a bagasse steam drier system can be estimated with 3–6 years.
A novel initiative on vertical-axis underwater turbine suitable for low underwater current velocities
Authors: Agbakwuru Jasper Ahamefula , Ibrahim Umar Ukkasha
Published: December 2019

The present paper discusses efforts made to reinvent the use of the vertical-axis turbine for use in locations of low underwater current velocities. The present work targets the low flow current of the sub-Saharan ocean system, which has an underwater current record of around 0.3 m/s
and a sea state that is mild, benign and with little or no local storms. The present initiative is achieved through a combination of ducting techniques to increase velocity of flow, and the utilisation of a large surface contact area exposed to flowing water per unit of time. Torque estimations
are made using three methods: first principle, SolidWorks computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software and physical measurement. The lowest power coefficient for the tested model is computed from SolidWorks CFD software as 0.70. Existing state-of-the-art underwater current power technologies
are reviewed and the present initiative described. A future for ocean water current technology in sub-Saharan Africa is also proposed.
Signal transmission through seawater for MHz frequencies and medium distances (0–30 m) using ionic current waves
Authors: Lucas Emeritus J
Published: December 2019

Electromagnetic (EM) signals can only be transmitted through seawater for short distances (<1 m) for frequencies (>1 MHz). Therefore a new technique, the ionic current wave (ICW), has been developed for signal propagation at MHz frequency. This technique uses the conduction current
produced in seawater as a result of thermal ionisation releasing H+ and OH– ions. A small voltage (<1.5 V pk) is applied between two metal electrodes submerged in the seawater to avoid ionisation by the input electrical energy.
 A detailed theoretical
analysis of the ICW process has shown that ionic currents can be transmitted at MHz frequency over distances of 10 m with low signal loss per decade. For longer propagation distances of 100 m the theory predicts a signal loss of –20 dB per decade.
 Propagation experiments have
been carried out in Liverpool dock seawater for distances of 2 m–28 m between parallel 0.5 m × 0.3 m electrodes placed vertically in the seawater at a depth of 2 m. Signal frequencies within the range of 1 MHz–8 MHz have been investigated. In each experiment the received
propa gated signal power was approximately –67 dBm (well above the dock electrical noise of –140 dBm) and only showed a small power loss over the full range of propagation.
 The ICW system will be able to measure longer propagation distances in deep seawater conditions
suitable for ship and submarine communications. Its performance is comparable to that of sonar systems.
Mental chronometry in the pocket? Timing accuracy of web applications on touchscreen and keyboard devices
Authors: Pronk Thomas , Wiers Reinout W. , Molenkamp Bert , Murre Jaap
Published: December 2019

Web applications can implement procedures for studying the speed of mental processes (mental chronometry) and can be administered via web browsers on most commodity desktops, laptops, smartphones, and tablets. This approach to conducting mental chronometry offers various opportunities, such as increased scale, ease of data collection, and access to specific samples. However, validity and reliability may be threatened by less accurate timing than specialized software and hardware can offer. We examined how accurately web applications time stimuli and register response times (RTs) on commodity touchscreen and keyboard devices running a range of popular web browsers. Additionally, we explored the accuracy of a range of technical innovations for timing stimuli, presenting stimuli, and estimating stimulus duration. The results offer some guidelines as to what methods may be most accurate and what mental chronometry paradigms may suitably be administered via web applications. In controlled circumstances, as can be realized in a lab setting, very accurate stimulus timing and moderately accurate RT measurements could be achieved on both touchscreen and keyboard devices, though RTs were consistently overestimated. In uncontrolled circumstances, such as researchers may encounter online, stimulus presentation may be less accurate, especially when brief durations are requested (of up to 100 ms). Differences in RT overestimation between devices might not substantially affect the reliability with which group differences can be found, but they may affect reliability for individual differences. In the latter case, measurement via absolute RTs can be more affected than measurement via relative RTs (i.e., differences in a participant’s RTs between conditions).
COLLISION PREVENTION IN SINGAPORE STRAIT BY USING TIMED PETRI NET
Authors: Bošnjak Rino , Kezić Danko , Vidan Pero , Kavran Zvonko
Published: December 2019

The problem of maritime traffic in Singapore Strait is traffic density, also the probability of collision,
which is increased beside the existing Vessel Traffic System (VTS). The paper discusses the synthesis early warning system, or
automatic crossing supervisor for Singapore Strait by using the Timed Petri Nets (TPN). Authors proposes dividing the strait
in zones, so called crossings, where routes are crossing and in which the number of ships must be limited. The maximum number
of vessels in period of time of the highest traffic density through the crossings are determined. Derived constraints are used
for synthesis of crossing supervisor. The authors uses Petri nets to make model Singapore Strait, and use P-invariant method
to syntheses crossing supervisor, which limits the number of ships in all critical crossings. Finally, the author verified
derived supervisor by using Visual Object Net ++ programme for computer simulation. With the aid of Transas nautical simulator,
the traffic in the strait is analysed.
Physical Constraints from Near-infrared Fast Photometry of the Black Hole Transient GX 339–4
Authors: Vincentelli F. M. , Casella P. , Petrucci P. , Maccarone T. , Russell D. M. , Uttley P. , Marco B. De , Fender R. , Gandhi P. , Malzac J. , O’Brien K. , Tomsick J. A.
Published: December 2019

We present results from the first multi-epoch X-ray/IR fast-photometry campaign on the black hole transient GX 339–4, during its 2015 outburst decay. We studied the evolution of the power spectral densities finding strong differences between the two bands. The X-ray power spectral density follows standard patterns of evolution, plausibly reflecting changes in the accretion flow. The IR power spectral density instead evolves very slowly, with a high-frequency break consistent with remaining constant at 0.63 ± 0.03 Hz throughout the campaign. We discuss this result in the context of the currently available models for the IR emission in black hole transients. While all models will need to be tested quantitatively against this unexpected constraint, we show that an IR-emitting relativistic jet that filters out the short-timescale fluctuations injected from the accretion inflow appears as the most plausible scenario.
Catastrophic Events in Protoplanetary Disks and Their Observational Manifestations
Authors: Demidova Tatiana V. , Grinin Vladimir P.
Published: December 2019

Observations of protoplanetary disks with high angular resolution using an ALMA interferometer showed that ring-shaped structures are often visible in their images, indicating strong disturbances in the disks. The mechanisms of their formation are vividly discussed in the literature. This article shows that the formation of such structures can be the result of destructive collisions of large bodies (planetesimals and planetary embryos) accompanied by the formation of a large number of dust particles, and the subsequent evolution of a cloud of dust formed in this way.
Upscattered Cocoon Emission in Short Gamma-Ray Bursts as High-energy Gamma-Ray Counterparts to Gravitational Waves
Authors: Kimura Shigeo S. , Murase Kohta , Ioka Kunihito , Kisaka Shota , Fang Ke , Mészáros Peter
Published: December 2019

We investigate prolonged engine activities of short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs), such as extended and/or plateau emissions, as high-energy gamma-ray counterparts to gravitational waves (GWs). Binary neutron-star mergers lead to relativistic jets and merger ejecta with r-process nucleosynthesis, which are observed as SGRBs and kilonovae/macronovae, respectively. Long-term relativistic jets may be launched by the merger remnant as hinted in X-ray light curves of some SGRBs. The prolonged jets may dissipate their kinetic energy within the radius of the cocoon formed by the jet–ejecta interaction. Then the cocoon supplies seed photons to nonthermal electrons accelerated at the dissipation region, causing high-energy gamma-ray production through the inverse Compton scattering process. We numerically calculate high-energy gamma-ray spectra in such a system using a one-zone and steady-state approximation, and show that GeV–TeV gamma-rays are produced with a duration of 102–105 s. They can be detected by Fermi/LAT or CTA as gamma-ray counterparts to GWs.
A study into the modes of the VVER-1000 RCP starting in an earlier inoperative loop
Authors: Bragin Iliya Ye. , Belozerov Vladimir I.
Published: December 2019

To simulate the mode of the RCP starting in an earlier inoperative loop, KORSAR/GP, a code supporting coupled numerical modeling of neutronic and thermal-hydraulic transients in a VVER reactor plant in operating and emergency conditions, was chosen as the computational tool.

Studying these modes using thermal-hydraulic codes makes it possible to analyze the course of transients and certain emergency processes without using commercial test procedures, which contributes to laying the groundwork for addressing the issues involved in ensuring the reliability, operating safety and efficiency of nuclear power plants.

Increased requirements to the safety of NPPs identify the need for avoiding excessive conservatism in the analysis based on which requirements to safety systems are formulated, as well as for enhancing the knowledge of the regularities of thermal-hydraulic transients based on advanced computer programs (or codes) designed for improved computational analysis of non-stationary thermal hydraulics in the water-cooled reactor circulation circuits in emergency and transient modes relying on inhomogeneous non-equilibrium mathematical models of two-phase flows and on a detailed description of the physical transient regularities.

The purpose of the study is to analyze computationally the starting of a VVER-1000 RCP in an earlier inoperative loop at different reactor plant power values. To do this, one requires to develop the VVER-1000 reactor primary circuit computational pattern to model the transient taking place as one RCP is started, to conduct a further analysis, and to compare the key monitored reactor coolant and core parameters (power, temperature, flow rate, etc.).
A new species of stygobitic snail in the genus Antrorbis Hershler & Thompson, 1990 (Gastropoda, Cochliopidae) from the Appalachian Valley and Ridge of eastern Tennessee, USA
Authors: Gladstone Nicholas S. , Perez Kathryn E. , Pieper Evelyn B. , Carter Evin T. , Dooley Katherine E. , Shoobs Nathaniel F. , Engel Annette S. , Niemiller Matthew L.
Published: December 2019

A new species of cave snail (Littorinimorpha: Cochliopidae) in the genus Antrorbis is described from the dark zone of two caves in the Appalachian Valley and Ridge province in eastern Tennessee, United States. The Tennessee Cavesnail, Antrorbis tennesseensis Perez, Shoobs, Gladstone, & Niemiller, sp. nov. is distinguished from its only known congener, Antrorbis breweri, by the absence of raised tubercles on its finely spirally striate protoconch, and its unique radular formula. Moreover, A. tennesseensis is genetically distinct from A. breweri based on substantial divergence at the mitochondrial CO1 locus. This is the first cavesnail to be described from the Appalachian Valley and Ridge (AVR) physiographic province in the state of Tennessee, which previously represented a substantial gap in the distribution of stygobitic (i.e., aquatic, subterranean-obligate) gastropods.
Le droit, arme économique et géopolitique des États-Unis
Authors: Leblanc-Wohrer Marion
Published: December 2019

Depuis les années 2000, les États-Unis ont développé une politique juridique extérieure d’abord vouée à la lutte contre la corruption, aujourd’hui considérablement étendue. L’effort de moralisation des relations économiques internationales est désormais difficile à distinguer de la défense d’intérêts proprement américains. Quant aux sanctions, elles constituent une puissante arme économique et diplomatique, dont on voit à la fois l’efficacité internationale et les limites dans le cas iranien.
La France et le nucléaire iranien : enjeux bureaucratiques et politique étrangère
Authors: Beaud Guillaume
Published: December 2019

Les décisions de politique étrangère sont des produits complexes, qui dépendent aussi de l’influence de divers groupes bureaucratiques, aux cultures et aux légitimités spécifiques. Le cas de la négociation sur le nucléaire iranien ne fait pas exception, qui a vu s’opposer en France une sensibilité de tradition « régionaliste » et « gaullo-mitterrandienne », à une sensibilité plus « occidentaliste », qui tendra à s’imposer dans le jeu institutionnel sous les présidences Sarkozy et Hollande.
La pierre d’aimant dans la poésie humaniste : « secrettes approches » d’un lieu commun
Authors: Pichot Pierre-Élie
Published: December 2019

Dans l’histoire naturelle pré-moderne, l’attraction magnétique constitue un mystère inexpliqué. A la Renaissance, les poètes s’en emparent alors pour exprimer toutes sortes de vertus attractives inexplicables : l’amour bien sûr, mais aussi l’amitié, la foi, l’adoration… Dès lors le motif de la pierre d’aimant ne peut pas être étudié à travers le prisme d’une catégorie poétique unique, puisqu’il transgresse les frontières des genres et des registres. Il peut en revanche être rapporté à certaines théories de la Renaissance du rapport entre l’inspiration poétique et les prodiges naturels. Cet article distingue trois moments dans la matérialisation des théories poétiques par le lieu commun de la pierre d’aimant : d’abord l’aimant comme image de la fureur poétique ficinienne, puis comme défense et illustration de l’autorité poétique du poète ; enfin son abandon par les poètes de salons, qui relèguent la pierre d’aimant dans le domaine de la prose cartésienne.
Metodología de selección de especies de arbolado para el sombreado urbano en la parte oriental de la cornisa Cantábrica
Authors: Azcarate Mutiloa I. , Acero Alejandro J. Á. , Arrizabalaga Ibarzabal J.
Published: December 2019

La mitigación del efecto Isla de Calor es uno de los mayores retos del futuro en las ciudades debido al cambio climático. Uno de los métodos para conseguir el enfriamiento de los espacios urbanos es la atenuación de radiación solar proporcionada por el arbolado. En el presente artículo se plantea una metodología de selección de especies arbóreas para la mejora del confort térmico en zonas urbanizadas de la parte oriental de la cornisa cantábrica. Partiendo de una preselección de especies autóctonas, se obtiene una clasificación de diversas especies aptas para el sombreado describiéndose sus principales características y su posible ámbito de utilización en función de la tipología de espacio urbano.
Método de construcción de dígrafos a partir de redes viales reales en mapas digitales con aplicaciones en la búsqueda de rutas óptimas
Authors: López Ortega J. , López-Sauceda J. , Carrillo J. G. , Sandoval J.
Published: December 2019

Actualmente las redes viales en zonas urbanas sufren obstrucciones, ya sea por manifestaciones, embotellamientos, u otro tipo de bloqueo, causando el cierre momentáneo o permanente de vías o zonas de tránsito que obligan a conductores a establecer nuevas rutas. Una solución es la creación de rutas alternativas en mapas digitales a partir de dígrafos relacionados con las características de una red vial real, y la aplicación de algoritmos de optimización de rutas. En este trabajo se propone un método para construir dígrafos con una aplicación en la API de Google Maps en la extracción visual de elementos como vértices (intersecciones), aristas (calles) y flechas de sentido (dirección vial), lo que permite la aplicación del algoritmo de Dijkstra en busca de rutas alternativas.
La fábrica de ensamblaje de General Motors Suisse en Biel, una construcción funcionalista
Authors: Arribas-Blanco R.
Published: December 2019

En este texto es analizado un edificio desconocido en la historia de la arquitectura, pero de gran relevancia, la fábrica de ensamblaje de la compañía norteamericana General Motors construida en Biel (Suiza) en 1936, cuyos autores fueron Rudolf Steiger y Carl Hubacher. Su importancia radica en ser uno de los ejemplos proyectado a principios del siglo XX bajo criterios puramente científicos, donde variables objetivas, aplicadas de manera rigurosa, crearon un todo unitario que respondía de modo eficiente a la propia función. Dejando de lado cualquier premisa estética, el saber hacer ingenieril fue aplicado a la labor arquitectónica. El proyecto arquitectónico se convierte, de este modo, en una suma de evidencias demostrables que definen todos los parámetros. Un modo de hacer que, casi cien años más, ha sido demostrada su vigencia.
The Need for Developing Learning Healthcare Organisations
Authors: Wickramasinghe Nilmini
Published: December 2019

As the volumes of data generated in healthcare delivery grows, the need for embracing big data strategies and data analytic techniques to better navigate dynamic and complex healthcare environments becomes more and more pressing. This focus has been further fuelled by the advances in technologies and medical science and the incorporation of digital health solutions that enable us to isolate genome sequencing data. However, it is the thesis of this chapter that unless healthcare organisations become learning organisations and incorporate the techniques of knowledge management and organisational learning, these large and essentially raw data assets will become a burden and not a benefit. Thus, healthcare systems need to be redesigned into intelligent health systems that maximise technology and utilise valuable knowledge assets. To do this, it is imperative to understand the link between the principles of organisational learning and knowledge management (KM) to facilitate the building of learning healthcare organisations.