bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agriculture industrielle, agriculture biologique et agroécologie : regards croisés Europe-Inde
Authors: Dorin Bruno , Degron Robin , Landy Frédéric
Published: November 2024

L’Union européenne et l’Union indienne ont industrialisé leur agriculture et leur alimentation depuis les années 1960. Elles mesurent aujourd’hui l’insoutenabilité d’un tel régime sociotechnique pour la santé des hommes et des écosystèmes. Elles formulent des vœux de « transition agroécologique » qui, en Europe, passent d’abord par l’Agriculture biologique (AB). Mais force est de constater que celle-ci est à la peine du fait de moindres rendements et de prix plus élevés. En Inde, ce modèle et d’autres sont aussi expérimentés. Celui de l’Agriculture naturelle (NF, Natural Farming) en Andhra Pradesh s’avère particulièrement prometteur. Notre regard comparatif permet, entre autres, de présenter les conditions d’émergence des deux formes alternatives d’agriculture (AB et NF), puis de montrer pourquoi le caractère véritablement agroécologique de l’Agriculture naturelle la rend plus performante en Inde car complètement émancipée du régime industriel énergivore de spécialisation-standardisation fondé sur quelques productions à grande échelle.
Leviers de substitution à l’usage de pesticides dans les systèmes cacaopiscicoles intégrés en Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Kouadio Antoine , Pepey Élodie , Boussou Charles , Brou Séri , Fertin Lucas , Pouil Simon
Published: November 2024

Cette étude examine les relations entre la cacaoculture et l’émergence de la pisciculture en Côte d’Ivoire, en particulier les défis liés à l’utilisation de pesticides dans les exploitations cacaoyères. Elle s’appuie sur des enquêtes menées auprès de 45 cacaoculteurs également engagés dans la pisciculture, dans différentes régions cacaoyères. Les résultats montrent que la diversification vers la pisciculture dans les exploitations cacaoyères conduit à réduire ou à abandonner l’usage des pesticides, principalement des herbicides, en expérimentant différentes alternatives. Parmi ces dernières figurent des méthodes de lutte mécanique, l’adaptation des pratiques culturales et la mise en place de barrières écologiques. Ces différents changements sont réalisés dans un souci de préservation des revenus des cacaopisciculteurs, mais également de l’environnement au sein et autour des fermes de production. Les leviers susceptibles d’entraîner une diffusion de ces méthodes à large échelle sont discutés.
The value of traditional markets for urban sustainability: Regenerating the Vlali Market in Thessaloniki, Greece
Authors: Kontogianni Polyxeni , Sakantamis Konstantinos , Axarli Kleoniki
Published: November 2024

Traditional markets hold significant cultural, functional, historical, and socio-economic value for city centers, serving as vital resources for sustainable urban development. Contemporary challenges necessitate their sustainable revitalization while preserving their timeless identity. This paper explores the sustainable regeneration of traditional markets in historic city centers particularly focusing on the case of the Vlali Market in Thessaloniki. The research employs both quantitative and qualitative analysis; initially it establishes the theoretical framework, through bibliographic research into the multifaceted quality of such markets. Subsequently, the paper presents a comprehensive design proposal for the market, which is evaluated using simulation tools. The paper’s findings underscore the traditional markets’ multifaceted role for city sustainability; their presence enhances ecological and social aspects, addressing contemporary challenges effectively. Furthermore, simulations indicate the possibility for subtle interventions to have positive effects on the microclimate and thermal comfort. Ultimately, the paper suggests that by adopting sensitive planning approaches, traditional markets can transform into resilient hubs and beacons of sustainability in the context of contemporary urban challenges.
Between alleys and hope: An immersion in the resilience of Santa Luzia
Authors: Pazos Filho Valmor , Pantoja João , Andrade Liza , Pantoja Mafalda , Romero Marta
Published: November 2024

This study explores the community of Santa Luzia located in Brasilia, Brazil, as an emblematic example of the intersection between socio-environmental challenges and agroecological resilience. The community faces inadequate urban infrastructure, with unpav ed roads and a lack of basic sanitation, resulting in precarious housing vulnerable to environmental adversities. Despite these adverse conditions, the community is notable for its capacity to adapt and innovate in the face of resource scarcity and institutional neglect. The practice of agroecology emerges as a sustainable solution to combat food insecurity and promote biodiversity, potentially strengthening community autonomy and contributing to ecological balance. The environmental analysis revealed a complex interaction between urban challenges and sustainability, emphasizing the need for more effective urban planning. The study proposes specific interventions, including the development of an agroecological corridor to sustainably integrate residential zones with the surrounding environment. This planning aims not only to improve the quality of life for residents but also to strengthen the community’s environmental resilience, highlighting the critical importance of community participation and innovation towards a sustainable future.
Some specific elements of Albania’s atmospheric droughts
Authors: Gjoni Anira , Kucaj Enkelejda , Cela Gazmir , Bardhi Azem , Stafa Gentiana
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the phenomenon of drought in Albania through quantitative indicators, combining theoretical insights with practical analysis of drought durations, particularly in terms of consecutive decades with minimal rainfall. Drought, characterized by extended periods of precipitation deficiency and dry conditions, significantly disrupts the hydrological cycle, reduces soil moisture levels, alters temperatures, impacts water availability, and affects river flow rates. These factors contribute to environmental degradation, biodiversity loss, and substantial economic repercussions. Despite Albania’s compact size, its segmentation into 13 subzones and 4 distinct phytoclimatic regions reveals notable variability in climate characteristics and occurrences of extreme weather events, including drought. The country experiences a pronounced seasonality in rainfall, with the majority occurring between October and April, exacerbating dry conditions during summer months. Human activities such as deforestation and improper land management practices further exacerbate drought susceptibility. Approximately two-thirds of Albania’s land area comprises dry and semi-arid regions prone to drought and desertification. The study employs hydrothermal and xerothermic coefficients, alongside analysis of synoptic conditions conducive to drought, to systematically assess and compare drought occurrences across different regions within Albania. This research aims to enhance understanding of drought dynamics in Albania, informing strategies for effective mitigation and management of drought impacts in the region.
Recognizing Attitudes and Expectations about the Role of Advanced Nurses (ANP’s) in Kosovo’s Healthcare System
Authors: Brajshori Naime , Beqiri Petrit , Hajrullahu Vjosë , Ajeti Ali , Ismajli Ardita , Behrami Astrit , Zenelaj Djellza , Zeka Kaltrina , Cahani Klara
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the knowledge and expectations regarding Advanced Nurse Practitioners (ANPs) in Kosovo’s hospital environment, aiming to enhance healthcare standards to meet European benchmarks. Drawing insights from leading European nations, we assess Kosovo’s healthcare landscape to drive advancements in this role. A qualitative approach was employed, utilising semi-structured interviews with thirty-two healthcare workers, including nurses, physicians, health managers, and hospital directors. Participants answered twelve questions focusing on their understanding and expectations regarding the role of ANPs in hospital settings. While many healthcare personnel were unaware of ANPs, those familiar acknowledged their value in setting priorities and addressing clinical demands. However, incomplete information about the role of ANPs was recognized as a challenge. Expectations for integrating ANPs in Kosovo’s healthcare system included enhancing nursing service quality, job processes, service delivery, and communication. While some healthcare personnel recognized ANPs’ capacity, the majority showed limited understanding. Awareness training on the role of ANPs is crucial, as emphasized by chief nurses and regional hospital administrators.
Comporative study on some indicators of environmental performance index and pollution related health impacts in the northeast Asian countries
Authors: Udval N. , Narmandakh D. , Erdenebat D. , Gerelmaa J.
Published: November 2024

Environmental protection with adaptation and resilience capacity building to climate change is one of the 2030 agenda for Sustainable Development goals and one pillar of the integrated and interlinked dimensions of the development. The aim of the study is to compare some indicators of EPI and environmental pollution related health impacts of Mongolia with same indicators of the Northeast Asian countries. The study was extracted data from EPI (2020 and 2022), World Health Statistics (2022) and Human Development report 2023-2024. In the study, comparative quantitative research is used to compare for finding out similarities and differences in the indicators for selected variables of study objects of the countries.The study found that all countries EPI in this region has worsened for three years, Mongolia has the lowest EPI in comparison with regional countries and world average, and the countries except Mongolia have made progress in environmental health. The study concludes that environmental pollution and degradation has been worsened in Northeast Asian countries and with highest negative health impacts. Thus, the region has to develop special emergency environmental recovery policy and needs urgent action addressing to reduce negative health impacts of environmental pollution.
Carbon footprint of chlorination and photocatalytic tertiary wastewater treatments
Authors: Tahech Malek , Puig Rita , Manneh Rima , Boutros Marleine , Palatsi Jordi , EL Bachawati Makram
Published: November 2024

This study depicts a comparative carbon footprint analysis of two tertiary wastewater treatment methods: chlorination and photocatalytic. It integrates data from an extensive literature review and an on-site investigation conducted at the Aqualia plant in Spain. The analysis employed a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology using SimaPro software to assess the carbon footprint of each treatment method. Data was collected from various literature sources and the Aqualia plant. Results indicate that the chlorination process exhibits a lower carbon footprint than the photocatalytic process. Notably, the electricity requirements of the photocatalytic treatment contribute significantly to its higher carbon emissions. The literature review and the data collected from the Aqualia plant consistently support the finding that the energy-intensive nature of the photocatalytic process leads to more significant carbon emissions. Despite the higher treatment efficiency of the photocatalytic process, the analysis reveals that the chlorination process remains a more environmentally favorable choice regarding carbon footprint. The substantial electricity demand of the photocatalytic process offsets its efficiency benefits, resulting in higher carbon emissions. In conclusion, while photocatalytic treatment demonstrates superior wastewater treatment efficiency, a holistic consideration of environmental impacts is crucial. These insights provide valuable guidance for stakeholders in the wastewater treatment industry, supporting adopting sustainable practices that prioritize reducing carbon emissions.
Can a values and video-based activity increase knowledge or pro-environmental attitudes and behaviour?
Authors: Christodoulou Vasiliki , Bächtold Manuel , Iordanou Kalypso
Published: November 2024

Environmental education is important in the face of the climate crisis. Although previous studies suggest that knowledge could boost pro-environmental attitudes, behavioural change is complex and may go beyond knowledge acquisition. Previous research highlighted biospheric and altruistic values as motivational factors related to pro- environmental behaviour (PEB). Video-based education has arisen as an accessible environmental learning medium. Video-sharing platforms offer accurate educational videos, although, it is unclear if they can increase knowledge, PEB or change attitudes. An online experiment randomly allocated 72 students in two conditions to watch an informational video on climate change, with one condition engaging in a values clarification task. Participants completed questionnaires on environmental attitudes, PEB, environmental self-efficacy and knowledge. Cross-correlations indicated complex inter-relationships and a non-significant relationship between knowledge and PEB at baseline. The values clarification task did not offer an advantage on PEB or pro-environmental attitudes. Both conditions experienced increases in knowledge, indicating that watching an educational video on climate change contributes to knowledge acquisition. The findings highlight complex mechanisms involved in increasing pro-environmental attitudes and behaviours. The study was part of the project “Be the Change: Innovative Higher Education for Environmental Sustainability,” co-funded by the ERASMUS+ Programme of the European Union (Project number: 2022-1-SE01- KA220-HED-000087275).
Parametr of a parabola-shaped canal method of determinaton
Authors: Otakhonov Maqsud , Atakulov Dinislam , Zokirov Ilkhomjon , Xudoyshukurov Quvonch
Published: November 2024

This article presents a method for determining the parabolic parameter of a channel with a parabolic cross-section. Several sections of earthen canals were selected. The research was carried out in natural field conditions using a high-precision measuring device “Son tek S5”. The data obtained as a result of the research were analyzed mathematically and statistically. Accordingly, it was determined that the parabola parameter changes from 31.43 to 43.40. field conditions are highlighted.
Study and analysis of geometric and dynamic dimensions of segner type jet turbines
Authors: Urmonov Sanjarbek , Toxirov Muxammadrafiq , Boynazarov Bekzod , Madaminov Javlonbek , Numonjonov Shohkzodbek , Zoxidov Iqboljon , Nasretdinova Feruza
Published: November 2024

Today, the production of electricity from renewable energy sources is a priority for all countries. Specifically, there is extensive scientific research being conducted on the effective use of small and lowpressure water sources for electricity generation. This research focuses on the creation and improvement of hydropower devices in numerous leading scientific and higher educational institutions worldwide. This article investigates a jet turbine based on a Segner wheel operating in low-pressure water sources. The study examines how the geometric shape and the number of nozzles of a hydraulic turbine affect the speed and pressure changes of a moving water flow at various points. This analysis is performed through mathematical modeling using COMSOL Multiphysics version 6.1 (Build: 282), which employs a standard RANS method for nozzles of five different geometric shapes in the CFD module, specifically in the Turbulent Flow, k- ε model. To determine the optimal geometric shape of the nozzle, the study divided the water at the nozzle inlet into water bundles. Triangles were formed based on the impact direction of each water clot on the nozzle's inner walls, directed toward the center of the outlet. These were determined by the horizontal coordinates of the impact points of each water clot on the nozzle. Modeling was conducted in both two- and three-dimensional spaces, utilizing the k-ε model in an automated system specifically designed for plane shear layers and turbulent flows. This model includes the smallest set of equations to minimize unknown quantities in processes involving all natural heat and liquid flows. The study achieved favorable results when calculating shear stresses and Reynolds tensors for a medium with a small pressure gradient. The initial kinematic and dynamic parameters used in the model were determined based on formulas discussed in the previous chapter.
Non-stationary flow of viscoelastic fluid in a cylindrical pipe
Authors: Navruzov Kuralboy , Rajabov Suxrob , Abdikarimov Nabijon , Turdimurodov Otabek , Nasrulloeva Rayhona
Published: November 2024

The problems of non-stationary flow of a viscoelastic fluid in a cylindrical pipe under the influence of a constant pressure gradient are solved based on the generalized Maxwell model. By solving the problem, formulas for velocity distribution, fluid flow, and other hydrodynamic characteristics were derived. Based on the formulas derived, transient processes under non-stationary flow of a viscoelastic fluid in a cylindrical pipe are analysed. Based on the results of the analysis, it was determined that the processes of transition of the characteristics of a viscoelastic fluid from a non-stationary state to a steady one at small values of the Deborah number practically do not differ from the transition processes of a Newtonian fluid. It is established that, when the Deborah number exceeds unity, the process of transition of a viscoelastic fluid from a non-stationary state to a steady one is of a wave nature, in contrast to the transition process of a Newtonian fluid, and the transition time is several times longer than the transition time of a Newtonian fluid. It was also discovered that during the transient process, perturbed flows could arise, leading to an instantaneous increase in fluid flow and other hydrodynamic characteristics. These perturbations occurring in non-stationary flows of a viscoelastic fluid can be stabilized by mixing with the Newtonian fluid. The implementation of this property is important in technical and technological processes preventing technical failures or malfunctions.
Addressing the impending crisis: Innovative solutions for global environmental challenges
Authors: Kushakova Gulnora , Bayzakova Maftuna
Published: November 2024

The escalating global environmental crises, including climate change, pollution, deforestation, and biodiversity loss, pose significant threats to the planet and human well-being. While these challenges are well-recognized, the global response has often been inadequate, underscoring the need for innovative and effective solutions. This study aims to explore the role of environmental information dissemination in addressing global environmental challenges. This research is based on a review of existing literature and case studies that demonstrate the integration of sustainability into school curricula. The study also examines the use of technology as a tool to enhance the reach and effectiveness of environmental information dissemination. The findings indicate that environmental information dissemination significantly increases awareness and motivates community engagement in sustainability efforts. Despite challenges such as limited resources and political resistance, the study finds that environmental information dissemination can be effectively implemented through strategic partnerships and supportive policies. The study concludes that environmental information dissemination is a vital strategy for addressing global environmental challenges. By empowering individuals and communities with knowledge and tools for sustainable living, environmental information dissemination can play a key role in driving long-term environmental stewardship. Policymakers, educators, and communities are urged to prioritize environmental information dissemination to foster a sustainable future.
Optimizing synergies: Effective strategies for integrating economic and environmental interests in sustainable development
Authors: Shukurova Shoxina
Published: November 2024

As the global economy expands, the tension between economic growth and environmental sustainability intensifies. Traditional ecologicaleconomic systems often struggle to balance these competing interests, leading to conflicts that undermine both environmental quality and economic stability. This study aims to explore effective strategies for harmonizing economic and environmental interests within sustainable development frameworks. We seek to identify and address the inherent contradictions in current ecological-economic systems and propose integrative approaches to mitigate these conflicts. We conducted a theoretical analysis of ecological and economic relations, examining case studies and existing literature to identify key areas of conflict and synergy. Conceptual frameworks were developed to illustrate the causal relationships between economic activities and environmental impacts, with a focus on global pollution trends and their implications for sustainable development. The analysis reveals that conflicts between economic and environmental interests are primarily due to the inadequacies in current ecologicaleconomic systems. The study identifies several critical areas where better integration can enhance system stability, including improved resource management practices, enhanced regulatory frameworks, and the adoption of ecologically oriented economic strategies. Addressing the conflicts between economic and environmental interests requires a paradigm shift towards an ecologically clean society.
About the nature and ecological state of places where farm horses are bred
Authors: Ikromov Nozim , Fayziyev Abdusamad
Published: November 2024

This article discusses the first training of horses in the territories of Central Asia and their distribution to other regions of the Earth, the purity of nature in most of the lands of Central Asia in the ancient and early Middle Ages. Also from an environmental point of view, issues such as the importance of the ecological environment in the cultivation of breeding horses in areas rich in lush areas, pure water rivers and lakes, green pastures, fields with a lot of alfalfa, cereals, wide-bedded pastures, their combat characteristics, resistant, choppy, beautiful.
Cultivation of vegetable (sweet) corn varieties and hybrids as repeated crops in Bukhara
Authors: Raxmatov Idrok , Sanaev Sobir
Published: November 2024

12 varieties and hybrids of vegetable (sweet) corn were grown as repeated crops in medium saline meadow alluvial soils of Bukhara region, and varieties and hybrids such as Zamin, Mazza, Megaton F1, Union F1 were distinguished according to their suitability for cultivation in these soil-climatic conditions. When the separated varieties and hybrids were planted in 3 periods and 6 planting schemes, it was found that the optimal planting scheme was 60x30 and 70x25 cm schemes, and the optimal planting period was July 5. On July 5, 60x30 and 70x25 cm plots of varieties and hybrids suitable for growing in the soil and climate conditions of Bukhara region were planted, and 10.1-14.4 tons of vegetables were harvested. Keywords. Vegetable, (sweet) corn, growing season, plant height, side stem, variety, hybrid, milk maturity, cob weight, yield.
Pterygium Colli: A Narrative Review with a Comparative Study of Lateral Approach Techniques
Authors: Mehri Turki Imen
Published: November 2024

Pterygium colli or webbed neck is a congenital deformity mainly found in Turner syndrome. It appears as a bilateral triangular fold extending from the mastoid to the acromion with hairy skin abnormality. Structural variation of the fold, as described by Mehri Turki's webbed neck classification, implies appropriate surgical repair. Despite the availability of a range of surgical techniques, it remains difficult to choose the most suitable one. Thus, this report aims to compare the lateral approach techniques by selecting those providing the best results. A literature search using PubMed and Google Scholar Database identified lateral approach techniques for pterygium colli. A critical reading led us to select criteria for comparison, linked to procedures and results. Moreover, according to aesthetic results, surgical techniques were classified into three categories. A total 16 articles were published from 1937 to 2020 and enrolling 48 patients were selected. The neck contour was obtained with all procedures. However, scars were hidden at the posterior neck in only 10 reports. Otherwise, the posterior hairline was corrected in only 6 reports. According to these outcomes, a classification of surgical technique was made allowing their pragmatic assessment. An objective assessment of lateral approach techniques was realized to help surgeons choose the most convenient one. From this study, a classification arises, based on aesthetic results, distinguishing three groups of surgical techniques and allowing their comparison. Techniques belonging to Group 2, using cervical advancement flap, were the most suitable, mainly both techniques described by Reichenberger and Mehri Turki.
Impact of a Disease-Focused Electronic Health Record Dashboard on Clinical Staff Efficiency in Previsit Patient Review in an Ambulatory Pulmonary Hypertension Care Clinic
Authors: Koirala Tapendra , Burger Charles D. , Chaudhry Rajeev , Benitez Patricia , Heaton Heather A. , Gopikrishnan Nilaa , Helgeson Scott A.
Published: November 2024

Objectives We aimed to improve the operational efficiency of clinical staff, including physicians and allied health professionals, in the previsit review of patients by implementing a disease-focused dashboard within the electronic health record system. The dashboard was tailored to the unique requirements of the clinic and patient population.

Methods A prospective quality improvement study was conducted at an accredited pulmonary hypertension (PH) clinic within a large academic center, staffed by two full time physicians and two allied health professionals. Physicians' review time before and after implementation of the PH dashboard was measured using activity log data derived from an EHR database. The review time for clinic staff was measured through direct observation, with review method—either conventional or newly implemented dashboard—randomly assigned.

Results Over the study period, the median number of patients reviewed by physicians per day increased slightly from 5.50 (interquartile range [IQR]: 1.35) before to 5.95 (IQR: 0.85) after the implementation of the PH dashboard (p = 0.535). The median review time for the physicians decreased with the use of the dashboard, from 7.0 minutes (IQR: 1.55) to 4.95 minutes (IQR: 1.35; p < 0.001). Based on the observed timing of 70 patient encounters among allied clinical staff, no significant difference was found for experienced members (4.65 minutes [IQR: 2.02] vs. 4.43 minutes [IQR: 0.69], p = 0.752), while inexperienced staff saw a significant reduction in review time after familiarization with the dashboard (5.06 minutes [IQR: 1.51] vs. 4.12 minutes [IQR: 1.99], p = 0.034). Subjective feedback highlighted the need for further optimization of the dashboard to align with the workflow of allied health staff to achieve similar efficiency benefits.

Conclusion A disease-focused dashboard significantly reduced physician previsit review time while that for clinic staff remained unchanged. Validation studies are necessary with our patient populations to explore further qualitative impacts on patient care efficiency and long-term benefits on workflow.
Imaging of Vascular Anomalies
Authors: Gayou Edward , Chau Alex , Josephs Shellie
Published: November 2024

Vascular anomalies (VAs) are a heterogeneous group of vascular malformations and tumors that are frequently encountered in daily practice. While most are benign, malignant vascular tumors exist, as do other nonvascular soft-tissue malignancies that may masquerade as a benign VA. The subtleties of arriving at an accurate diagnosis can be intimidating, as new entities are described and names of conditions have been modified. Therefore, the goal of this article is to describe the classic imaging findings of VAs so that the interventional radiologist can confidently and competently contribute to management decisions, with special attention to ominous imaging features that should prompt biopsy or further imaging workup.
Pearls and Pitfalls in the Management of Vascular Anomalies
Authors: Sanon Omar , Henderson Andrew , Rosen Robert J.
Published: November 2024

Recent advancements in endovascular techniques have transformed the management of vascular malformations, shifting away from traditional surgical resections to less invasive methods like embolization and sclerotherapy. Vascular malformations are congenital anomalies resulting from embryonic angiogenesis failures, often misdiagnosed but manageable through a multidisciplinary approach. These malformations range from high-flow arteriovenous connections to low-flow venous, lymphatic, or mixed lesions, each requiring specific diagnostic and treatment strategies. Specific syndromes like Klippel–Trenaunay and Parkes–Weber require tailored approaches due to their unique presentations. Diagnosis relies on a combination of physical examination and advanced imaging techniques, including ultrasound and MRI. Treatment is focused on symptomatic relief and improving the patient's quality of life. Interventional treatment is indicated when conservative and/or medical management is insufficient. Surgical interventions remain relevant for select cases, often in a multidisciplinary context. Newer therapies, such as sirolimus, are emerging for complex, treatment-resistant cases.
Venous Malformations: Diagnosis, Management, and Future Directions
Authors: Kamireddy Arun , Weiss Clifford R.
Published: November 2024

Venous malformations (VMs) represent the most common type of congenital vascular anomalies, characterized by slow-flow lesions arising from disorganized angiogenesis. These malformations can vary widely in size, location, and clinical impact, presenting significant challenges in diagnosis and management. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for optimizing care, with goals centered on symptom relief and functional preservation. Diagnostic evaluation typically involves clinical examination, imaging, and, in complex cases, genetic testing. Interventional radiology, particularly sclerotherapy and endovascular embolization, has become the first-line treatment, complemented by surgical and emerging molecular therapies, particularly targeting the mTOR/PI3K/AKT pathway. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the genetics, clinical presentation, and key diagnostic imaging aspects of VMs, along with a detailed discussion of current treatment modalities, emerging therapeutic techniques, and future directions for improving patient care.
The Effectiveness of Herbal Mouthwash with Mangosteen Peel Extract in Inhibiting Dental Plaque Formation
Authors: Hendiani Ina , Fitriani Triana Devi , Prasetyo Budhi Cahya , Bawono Chandra Andi , Pribadi Indra Mustika Setia
Published: November 2024

Objective Dental plaque control is important for preventing periodontal tissue diseases. Dental plaque control therapy is enhanced when supported by adjunctive therapy, including the use of mangosteen peel extract mouthwash. Mangosteen peel extract contains α-mangostin, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, quinones, and triterpenoids, which have antibacterial properties against bacteria that cause dental plaque. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of mangosteen peel extract mouthwash at concentrations of 2, 4, and 6% in inhibiting plaque formation.

Materials and Methods The study used a quasi-experimental design with pre- and posttreatment examinations. Samples were taken using purposive sampling on 32 patients of Periodontology Clinic of Padjadjaran University Dental Hospital. The patients underwent prophylactic treatment (scaling), then the dental plaque index was measured using the Q-ray Cam Pro and the Loe and Silness Index before (day 1) and after (day 3) gargling with distilled water or mangosteen peel extract mouthwash at concentrations of 2, 4, and 6% for 2 days without oral hygiene in the maxillary area. The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the Kruskal–Wallis test.

Results A phytochemical analysis revealed that the mangosteen peel extract contains antibacterial compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, polyphenols, quinones, and triterpenoids. The mangosteen peel extract mouthwash group exhibited lower mean differences in plaque index compared with the aquades group. The 2% mangosteen peel extract mouthwash shows the smallest mean difference of 0.25 in the Q-ray Cam Pro examination and 0.062 in the Loe and Silness Index examination.

Conclusion Mouthwash with 2, 4, and 6% mangosteen peel extract has an effect in inhibiting dental plaque formation, with 2% concentration exhibiting the best inhibitory effect on dental plaque formation.
The Role of Medical Management in Vascular Anomalies
Authors: White Michael H. , Hawkins C. Matthew
Published: November 2024

Historically, the care for patients with vascular anomalies has been challenging due to the complex nature and diversity of these anomalies with a wide array of symptomatology. In the recent past, most therapies for vascular anomalies focused on surgical, procedural, and supportive care measures to treat local symptoms, but many patients still experienced significant disease with excess morbidity and mortality. Today, the pharmacotherapeutic options available for treating vascular anomalies have greatly expanded due to the increased understanding of the genetic and molecular pathways causing these anomalies, with the subsequent development of more targeted pharmacotherapies. In addition to the growth in targeted medications available to treat patients with vascular anomalies, there has been an improved understanding of the hematologic abnormalities related to these diseases and how to manage them. While interventional radiologists do not typically primarily manage systemic medications to treat vascular anomalies, a baseline understanding of the medical management of these diseases is essential to ensuring that a contemporary, multidisciplinary, multimodal approach to treatment is pursued when appropriate. Ultimately, patients are now benefitting from having multiple modalities of treatments available to them and are experiencing improved quality of life and less morbidity.
Comparison between Endoloop-Assisted Endoscopic Resection and Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Large Pedunculated Polyps
Authors: Lu You-Zhu
Published: November 2024

Background Endoscopic resection of large pedunculated colorectal polyps with a thick stalk is technically difficult. Endoloop-assisted endoscopic resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection have been confirmed to be effective and safe, respectively. Here, we compared the efficacy and safety of these two different methods.

Methods In total, 124 patients with large pedunculated polyps treated by endoloop-assisted endoscopic resection (group B) or endoscopic mucosal resection (group A) were enrolled in the study.

Results There were two cases of immediate postpolypectomy bleeding and one case of delayed postpolypectomy bleeding in group A, while there were four cases of immediate postpolypectomy bleeding and 0 case of delayed postpolypectomy bleeding in group B. There was no significant difference in postpolypectomy bleeding between the two groups (p = 0.68 and 1.0). The mean operation time in group A was 29.31 ± 5.64 minutes, which was significantly longer than that in group B (p < 0.001). The mean hospitalization time in group A was 7.14 ± 1.1 days, but in group B it was 5.98 ± 1.18 days (p < 0.001). In addition, the number of clips used in group A was 5.58 ± 1.3, which was also more than that in group B (p < 0.001).

Conclusions Endoloop-assisted endoscopic resection is effective and safe for the removal of large pedunculated polyps, while endoscopic submucosal dissection may be an alternative option for difficult areas with poor visibility or polyps with large or lobulated head.
Cultural influence on metacognition: comparison across three societies
Authors: Ordin Mikhail , El-Dakhs Dina Abdel Salam , Tao Ming , Chu Fengfeng , Polyanskaya Leona
Published: November 2024

We tested the hypothesis that metacognition—the ability to evaluate one’s own cognitive processes and mental states—is modulated by cultural values. We used retrospective confidence ratings to objectively measure metacognition in a mental rotation task in three culturally different regions: the Middle East (Saudi Arabia), Western Europe (Portugal) and the Far East (China). Our data support the theory that metacognition is social in nature, at least to some extent, and is influenced by culture. Differences in metacognition between societies can be accounted for by cultural values pertaining to individualism and uncertainty avoidance. Lower individualism and greater uncertainty avoidance tend to be associated with higher metacognitive abilities. Sex-based differences typically observed in mental rotation do not emerge at the metacognitive level, with both males and females in all three societies efficiently detecting those responses when they are more likely to make a mistake. Metacognitive bias—the tendency to be over- or underconfident in one’s own decisions—might be modulated by cultural differences in the masculinity cultural dimension. However, this bias seems to be independent of metacognitive sensitivity and detecting decisions with a heightened likelihood of an error.
15-GW repetitive pulsed power generator based on Midel 7131 and double-width pulse forming line
Authors: Wang Gang , Liu Sheng , Zeng Bo , Li Penghui , Zheng Lei , Li Jie , Liu Yao , Shi Dingyuan , Duan Xingyue , Liu Shifei
Published: November 2024

The Tesla-type pulsed power generator based on transformer oil is limited by volume and weight, which affects its suitability for mobile platforms. In this paper, a double-width pulse forming line (PFL) based on high-energy-density liquid medium Midel 7131 was designed, and a compact, high-repetitive pulsed power generator was developed. The structural and electrical parameters of the PFL with an outer diameter of 1000 mm were optimized to achieve the highest output power with a fixed load impedance of 60 Ω. This generator employed a double-width forming line, which has an output pulse width of four times of the electrical length of its external line, significantly increasing the output pulse width and making the system more compact. The generator could be finally enveloped with a size of 4 × 1.5 × 1.5 m3 and a weight of 4.7 tons. The experiment showed that the generator could operate reliably under the conditions of 15-GW peak power, 50-ns pulse width, 50-Hz repetition rate, and <1% voltage jitter. The X-band relatively backward wave oscillator driven by this generator yielded a favorable microwave, which demonstrated the high-power driving capability of the generator.
Composition-dependent grain growth kinetics of Ni-Co-Cr-Fe high-entropy alloys
Authors: Chen Jun , Liu Xin , Wu Yixia , Linghu Xinrui , Liu Yifan , Yang Zhongsheng , Cui Dingcong , He Feng
Published: November 2024

Grain size refinement is one of the most effective and feasible approaches to tailor the mechanical properties of metals and alloys. This classic strengthening mechanism is recently highlighted in Ni-Co-Cr-Fe-based high-entropy alloys due to its extremely large Hall–Petch coefficient of 1100 MPa·μm1/2. However, the grain growth kinetics of Ni-Co-Cr-Fe, which serve as the guideline for controlling the grain size of related high-entropy alloys (HEAs), are still unclear. Here, we investigated the grain growth behaviors of Ni2CoCrFe, NiCo2CrFe, and NiCoCrFe2. Our results show that the grain growth kinetics of Ni-Co-Cr-Fe are highly dependent on the concentration of its principal elements. The grain growth activation energies are 315, 622, and 570 KJ/mol for Ni2CoCrFe, NiCo2CrFe, and NiCoCrFe2, respectively. This big difference is mainly attributed to the degree of grain boundary segregation caused by the interactions between different atomic pairs. These findings are helpful for designing HEAs with controllable microstructures.
An electric-opto combined measurement method for identifying filled traps in the off-state of HEMTs with high spatial resolution
Authors: Li Fengyi , Xue Juan , Fan Aoran , Li Yupu , Ma Weigang , Xie Huaqing , Zhang Xing
Published: November 2024

Traps filled in the off-state of high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are a primary factor contributing to the performance instability of power devices. These traps capture leakage electrons, causing instantaneous current fluctuations and drift of the threshold voltage. Realizing high spatial resolution measurements for off-state filled traps (OFTs) has become a prerequisite for optimizing device structure and exploring the device failure mechanism. However, the existing methods mainly detect the overall integral result of traps and are unable to indicate the in-plane distribution, which is unsatisfactory for studying the details of trap effects. In this paper, an approach for detecting the concentration and spatial distribution of OFT in GaN HEMTs has been proposed. The time constant and the energy level of OFT were first measured through the current transient analysis, and the local OFT intensity was then confirmed in off-state by measuring the change in electric field based on Raman spectroscopy. By adjusting the measurement position, the distribution of the OFT throughout the device is obtained. This method would contribute to the optimized design of wide-bandgap semiconductors.
Atomic fingerprints for high throughput screening of 2D monolayers
Authors: Nayamadi Mahmoodabadi A. , Modarresi M. , Mogulkoc A.
Published: November 2024

In materials science, artificial intelligence is used to create machine learning models to predict material properties and discover different compounds. An atomic fingerprint is designed to reflect the structure and atomic features of 2D monolayer crystals. A neural network-based model is trained using fingerprints and the computational 2D materials database to predict 2D monolayers. The model predicted the formation energies of crystalline compounds, including some previously unexplored monolayers, which could be potential candidates for future technologies.
Drift waves and ion temperature gradient instabilities in the large linear device SPEKTRE
Authors: Gravier E. , Brochard F. , Lesur M. , Moritz J. , Heuraux S. , Genève D. , Rouyer T. , Del Sarto D. , Faudot E. , Ghizzo A. , Lemoine N. , Réveillé T. , Urbanczyk G.
Published: November 2024

The objective of this work is to linearly investigate the plasma instabilities that will be observed in the linear SPEKTRE device, currently being assembled at Institut Jean Lamour. Two configurations are considered. In the first configuration, the magnetic field is set to 0.1 T with no ion temperature gradient (ITG), resulting in the observation of only collisional drift waves (DW). In the second configuration, the magnetic field is set to 0.44 T, and ions can be heated using an ion cyclotron radiofrequency heating (ICRH) system to establish an ITG. Under these conditions, two major types of instabilities may be observed: collisional DW and ITG instabilities. ITG instabilities become more unstable than DW when the ratio of the characteristic lengths of the ion temperature to ion density profiles η=ΩT*/Ωn*>2.6. The observation of such a transition between the two types of instabilities will be possible on this machine using the ICRH system. The azimuthal mode number m of the most unstable mode is significantly larger for helium plasma compared to argon plasma. Furthermore, for the plasma parameters considered in both configurations, a fluid model is often sufficient to accurately describe DW, while a kinetic model is required to accurately describe ITG instabilities. There is a 30% difference between the ITG instability growth rates predicted by the fluid model and those predicted by the kinetic model.
Cluster regression model for flow control
Authors: Arya Nitish , Nair Aditya G.
Published: November 2024

In the realm of big data, discerning patterns in nonlinear systems affected by external control inputs is increasingly challenging. Our approach blends the coarse-graining strengths of centroid-based unsupervised clustering with sparse regression in a way to enhance the closed-loop feedback control of nonlinear dynamical systems. A key innovation in our method is the employment of cluster coefficients through cluster decomposition of time-series measurements. Capturing the dynamics of these coefficients enables the construction of a deterministic model for the observed states of the system. This model is able to predict the dynamics of periodic and chaotic systems, under the influence of external control inputs. Demonstrated in both the low-dimensional Lorenz system and the high-dimensional scenario of a flexible plate immersed in a fluid flow, our model showcases its ability to pinpoint critical system features and adaptability in reaching any observed state. A distinctive feature of our control strategy is the novel hopping technique between clusters, which successfully averts lobe switching in the Lorenz system and accelerates vortex shedding in fluid–structure interaction systems while maintaining the mean aerodynamic characteristics. Such a data-centric control design becomes evident in a myriad of applications, ranging from energy harvesting devices to mitigating emissions through drag control.
The swelling properties of single component (gelatin) and electrostatically assembled (gelatin–gum tragacanth) edible composite films exposed to water and salt solution
Authors: Pulatsu Ezgi , Auleear Aishah R. , Abioye Raliat O. , Udenigwe Chibuike C.
Published: November 2024

The four-dimensional (4D) printing concept, defined as a targeted change in material properties under stimuli such as water, ultraviolet (UV) exposure, and heat, has been under the spotlight in recent years due to its promising functionalities and design freedom for food applications. However, there is little progress in food applicability and compatibility compared to materials science. The complexity of food, poor response, and lack of trigger mechanisms are the major problems for expanding the 4D printing concept with edible ingredients. Therefore, exploring the possible mechanisms using edible materials to implement engineering-driven predictive changes in food applications is of significant interest. This study investigated the use of model systems composed of food biopolymer solutions (gum tragacanth and gelatin at 0.5, 2.5, and 5% w/v) and their swelling behavior in distilled water and salt (0.5 M CaCl2) solution to control the water uptake rate. In this respect, the film-forming solutions were prepared, the films were cast in Petri dishes (5–20 ml), and the film thickness and moisture content values were recorded. Their swelling properties were determined in two different media (water immersion and salt solution immersion tests). The viscoelastic properties of selected film-forming solutions were analyzed. The thickness of the films increased with the increased poured volume of the film-forming solution (P < 0.05). The biopolymer type and concentration had a significant effect on the physical properties of the films. All samples exhibited shear-thinning behavior and frequency dependency with elastic or viscous dominant properties.