bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utility of Glucose Transporter 1 in the Distinction of Benign and Malignant Thoracic and Abdominal Mesothelial Lesions
Authors: Lagana Stephen M. , Taub Robert N. , Borczuk Alain C.
Published: June 2012

Context.—Malignant mesothelioma, of either peritoneum or pleura, is an uncommon cancer. The diagnosis is often difficult to make, in part because of the overlapping morphology of reactive and malignant mesothelial cells. Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1) is a glucose transporter typically found on erythrocytes, which is aberrantly expressed in various carcinomas. It has recently been reported as specific and sensitive in discriminating malignant pleural mesothelioma from reactive hyperplasia. The application of GLUT-1 staining in peritoneal mesothelioma has not been fully explored.

Objective.—To determine if GLUT-1 staining is helpful in distinguishing abdominal mesotheliomas from benign, reactive mesothelial lesions and to further study its utility in the thorax.

Design.—Tissue microarrays containing 135 abdominal malignant mesotheliomas and 30 malignant pleural mesotheliomas were stained with an antibody to GLUT-1, as were 56 reactive mesothelial lesions.

Results.—The overall sensitivity and specificity for GLUT-1 in mesothelioma was 53% and 98%, respectively. The sensitivity in epithelioid malignant mesothelioma was 49% and in sarcomatoid/biphasic malignant mesothelioma, 66%. In the thorax, the sensitivity was 50% and in the abdomen it was 54%. The positive predictive value of GLUT-1 immunoreactivity was 98% and the negative predictive value was 40%.

Conclusion.—Glucose transporter 1 staining of thoracic mesotheliomas showed high specificity but lower sensitivity than previously reported. Abdominal malignant mesotheliomas showed similar results. Because of low sensitivity, only positive staining is informative. In both sites, the utility of the stain was limited by nonspecific staining (eg, in necrotic areas) as well as bright labeling of erythrocytes and occasional lymphoid elements. Despite these limitations, GLUT-1 can help differentiate malignant mesothelioma from reactive benign mesothelium.
Nonneoplastic Lesions of the Prostate and Bladder
Authors: Harik Lara Rabih , O'Toole Kathleen Mary
Published: June 2012

Context.—Specimens from the prostate and bladder are commonly encountered by the general surgical pathologist. Emphasis is usually placed on neoplasms of the bladder and prostate, particularly if malignant, owing to their therapeutic consequences. A good command of benign lesions occurring in the bladder and prostate, and knowledge of their preneoplastic potential will help pathologists confidently diagnose malignancy versus its benign mimickers and guide the urologists in choosing the appropriate therapy and follow-up for the patient.

Objective.—To present a mixture of benign entities, and discuss their histologic and clinical characteristics, hoping to provide a practical review for the general surgical pathologist.

Data Sources.—An extensive review of the literature on the entities discussed was performed.

Conclusions.—A wide variety of benign entities are present in the prostate and bladder. Benign lesions in the prostate can be age related, such as prostatic atrophy and benign prostatic hyperplasia; transition zone associated, such as basal cell hyperplasia, adenosis, and sclerosing adenosis; or prostatic urethra associated. Benign lesions of the bladder encompass a wide variety of reactive changes that can occur in the urothelium, as well as hyperplastic lesions or reactive proliferations that could be misdiagnosed as malignant. The bladder responds to chronic irritation through several reactive/metaplastic lesions such as cystitis cystica/glandularis, keratinizing squamous metaplasia, or nephrogenic metaplasia. The urothelium can also give rise to hyperplastic/proliferative lesions, in particular von Brunn nest hyperplasia, papillary polypoid cystitis, and pseudocarcinomatous proliferation, which should be distinguished from malignant processes. Ectopic tissue, such as prostatic or mullerian, can also be seen.
Bias of Script‐Driven Processing on Eyewitness Memory in Young and Older Adults
Authors: García‐Bajos Elvira , Migueles Malen , Aizpurua Alaitz
Published: June 2012

We investigated the effects of script‐driven processing on eyewitness memory in young (aged 19 to 27) and older (aged 57 to 73) adults. Participants viewed a bank robbery video including high‐typicality and low‐typicality actions to examine the effects of the bank robbery script on recall and on immediate and 1‐week recognition. There were no differences between young and older adults in recalling high‐typicality actions, but recall of low‐typicality actions was poorer for older adults. In recognition, participants produced more hits and false alarms, adopted a more lenient response bias, and exhibited greater confidence for high‐typicality than low‐typicality actions, showing the script‐driven processing of the event, even in the long term, because the recognition interval only deteriorated performance for low‐typicality contents. Older adults had a higher proportion of false alarms, more lenient response bias, and higher confidence than younger adults, showing that bias of script‐driven processing is more evident in the elderly. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional Gold Nanorods: Synthesis, Self‐Assembly, and Sensing Applications
Authors: Vigderman Leonid , Khanal Bishnu P. , Zubarev Eugene R.
Published: June 2012

Gold nanorods have received much attention due to their unique optical and electronic properties which are dependent on their shape, size, and aspect ratio. This article covers in detail the synthesis, functionalization, self‐assembly, and sensing applications of gold nanorods. The synthesis of three major types of rods is discussed: single‐crystalline and pentahedrally‐twinned rods, which are synthesized by wet chemistry methods, and polycrystalline rods, which are synthesized by templated deposition. Functionalization of these rods is usually necessary for their applications, but can often be problematic due to their surfactant coating. Thus, general strategies are provided for the covalent and noncovalent functionalization of gold nanorods. The review will then examine the significant progress that has been made in controllable assembly of nanorods into various arrangements. This assembly can have a large effect on measurable properties of rods, making it particularly applicable towards sensing of a variety of analytes. Other types of sensing not dependent on nanorod assembly, such as refractive‐index based sensing, are also discussed.
A Novel Process Control Methodology Based on the PVT Behavior of Polymer for Injection Molding
Authors: Wang Jian , Mao Qianchao
Published: June 2012

Based on the PVT (pressure–volume–temperature) behavior of polymer, a novel process control methodology for injection molding is presented in this study. With the present control method, the process pressure is controlled by cavity temperature instead of time, which is used in a conventional injection‐molding process; thus the relationship between P (pressure) and T (temperature) can be controlled, which means that the V (volume) or part weight can be controlled because of the invariable PVT relationship of polymer. The objective of this study is to validate the feasibility of this process control methodology and examine its consistency. Experiments were conducted on an injection‐molding machine with an opened‐loop microprocessor controller. The weight of the molded parts serves as the main measure to probe the process capabilities. The variation of the mold temperature was monitored. The experimental results reveal that the present PVT control method yields much better part quality and uniform part weight than the conventional P–time (pressure–time) control method. It is also proved that the novel process control methodology can be used to accommodate the product weight change due to variation of the melt or mold temperature. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 32: E474–E485, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21294
Hypoalbuminemia is an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Komrokji Rami S. , Corrales‐Yepez Maria , Kharfan‐Dabaja Mohamed A. , Al Ali Najla H. , Padron Eric , Rollison Dana E. , Pinilla‐Ibarz Javier , Zhang Ling , Epling‐Burnette Pearlie K. , Lancet Jeffrey E. , List Alan F.
Published: June 2012

We hypothesized that hypoalbuminemia is an independent prognostic factor in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). We analyzed records of 767 patients treated at Moffitt Cancer Center between January 2001 and December 2009 to evaluate the relationship between serum albumin (SA) at the time of presentation and overall survival (OS). Patients (median age of 69 years) were stratified into three groups based on SA concentration (≤3.5, 3.6–4.0, and >4.0 g/dL). Two‐thirds of the patients had low or intermediate‐1 International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS)‐based risk for MDS. Median OS by SA concentration of ≤3.5, 3.6–4.0, and >4.0 g/dL was 11, 23, and 34 months, respectively (P < 0.005), whereas rate of acute myeloid leukemia progression was highest in patients with low SA (≤3.5 g/dL). The SA level offered prognostic discrimination for outcomes within the lower and higher IPSS risk groups, as well as with the MD Anderson risk model. In multivariable analysis, SA was a significant independent co‐variate for OS after adjustment for IPSS, age, serum ferritin, and transfusion dependence (hazard ratio = 0.8; 95% CI 0.6–0.9; P = 0.004). Our findings indicate that hypoalbuminemia is an independent prognostic biomarker that may serve as a surrogate representative of disease biology or comorbidities in patients with MDS. Am. J. Hematol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Direct and simultaneous determination of 5‐aminolaevulinic acid and porphobilinogen in urine by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–electrospray ionisation/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Benton Christopher M. , Couchman Lewis , Marsden Joanne T. , Rees David C. , Moniz Caje , Lim Chang Kee
Published: June 2012

Urinary concentrations of 5‐aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) and porphobilinogen (PBG) are elevated in patients with acute hepatic porphyrias, especially during acute attacks. Current assays require lengthy sample pre‐treatment and derivatisation steps. We report here a rapid, sensitive and specific hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method, for the direct and simultaneous quantitation of ALA and PBG in urine following simple dilution with acetonitrile and centrifugation prior to injection. ALA and PBG were detected using selected reaction monitoring mode, following positive electrospray ionisation. Urine samples (N = 46) from active and latent mutation‐confirmed acute hepatic porphyria patients and normal subjects (N = 45) were analysed and the results compared with those of a commercially available spectrophotometric method. The validated calibration range was 3–3000 µmol/L for ALA and 2–2000 µmol/L for PBG. For both analytes, imprecision (relative standard deviation) was less than 5% and accuracy (percentage nominal concentrations) was between 88 and 109%. The lower limit of quantitation was 0.1 μmol/L for both analytes. The calculated LC‐MS/MS and spectrophotometric results from patient samples compared well [Pearson correlation (r2) of 0.99 and 0.95, for ALA and PBG, respectively]. The method was successfully applied to the measurement of ALA and PBG in urine samples for the screening, biochemical diagnosis and treatment monitoring of patients with acute hepatic porphyrias. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Probation Officers' Perceptions of Youths' Risk of Reoffending and Use of Risk Assessment in Case Management
Authors: Perrault Rachael T. , Paiva‐Salisbury Melissa , Vincent Gina M.
Published: June 2012

Juvenile probation officers (JPOs) are required to make numerous decisions about the case management of young offenders on a daily basis. This multi‐site study examined JPOs' (N = 64) perceptions of the typical youth's risk of reoffending before implementation of a risk/needs assessment (RNA) tool, and their self‐reported, case management decision‐making after implementation of an RNA tool. Results indicated that JPOs tended to overestimate the likely base rates of reoffending while RNA tool estimates were more accurate. Further, most JPOs appeared to be making service referral and placement decisions commensurate with youths' risk levels, regardless of whether they claimed to use the RNA tool in their decisions. Variability in application of risk to case management practices was more a function of the probation office than of the specific JPO. Implications for use of risk assessment in juvenile probation are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of clinical outcomes related to early discharge after elective percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Muthusamy Purushothaman , Busman Denise K. , Davis Alan T. , Wohns David H.
Published: June 2012

Objective

To assess clinical outcomes of same‐day discharge (SDD) patients after elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Background

An overnight stay after PCI has been the standard approach in the majority of institutions. Data supporting SDD while maintaining patient safety, based on contemporary United States practice, have not been well established.

Methods

Using institutional pre‐, peri‐, and post‐procedural guidelines, short‐term clinical outcomes of 200 consecutive patients discharged on the same day after elective PCI were prospectively studied. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE), access site and vascular complications, readmissions, and emergency room (ER) visits were assessed within 24 hrs and at 7‐day post‐SDD. MACE included cerebral vascular accidents, death, myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization, pulmonary embolism, and emergent coronary artery bypass grafting.

Results

The mean age of the population was 63.2 years; 75% were males. Of 200 patients, 75.5% were accessed femorally and 24.5% had radial access. Intra‐procedural anticoagulation included bivalirudin alone (47%), bivalirudin with glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitors (3.5%), heparin alone (37%), and heparin with GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors (12.5%). No major bleeding or MACE was reported within 24 hrs or at 7 days. Within 7 days, 8 (4%) patients experienced minor bleeding, 4 (2%) were readmitted, and 3 (1.5%) had ER visits only. Pseudoaneurysm occurred in 1 (0.5%) patient.

Conclusions

Our institution‐specific guidelines identify low‐risk PCI patients who can be safely considered candidates for SDD with virtually no short‐term adverse consequences. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Balloon valuloplasty prior to transcatheter valve‐in‐valve implantation in a degenerated mitroflow aortic bioprosthesis
Authors: Cerillo Alfredo Giuseppe , Berti Sergio , Glauber Mattia
Published: June 2012

Transcatheter valve‐in‐valve implantation is an emerging treatment option for high‐risk patients with failing aortic bioprostheses. The presence of the prosthesis stents is thought to prevent coronary artery obstruction, a known complication of transcatheter aortic valve implantation in the native aortic valve. The Sorin Mitroflow aortic bioprosthesis (Sorin Group, Saluggia, Italy) has a particular design in that the pericardial leaflets are mounted outside the valve stent. As a consequence, the pericardial leaflets of this prosthesis may be displaced well away from the stents during the deployment of transcatheter valves. This might explain why both the cases of coronary occlusion following valve‐in‐valve implantation reported to date occurred in patients with a malfunctioning Mitroflow bioprosthesis. We describe a patient with a malfunctioning 25 mm Mitroflow bioprosthesis successfully treated by percutaneous transcatheter valve‐in‐valve implantation, and discuss the role that balloon aortic valvuloplasty plays in the performance of this delicate procedure. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis, Isolation, and Spectroscopic Characterization of Holmium‐Based Mixed‐Metal Nitride Clusterfullerenes: HoxSc3−xN@C80 (x=1, 2)
Authors: Zhang Yang , Popov Alexey A. , Schiemenz Sandra , Dunsch Lothar
Published: June 2012

The synthesis, isolation and spectroscopic characterization of holmium‐based mixed metal nitride clusterfullerenes HoxSc3−xN@C80 (x=1, 2) are reported. Two isomers of HoxSc3−xN@C80 (x=1, 2) were synthesized by the reactive gas atmosphere method and isolated by multistep recycling HPLC. The isomeric structures of HoxSc3−xN@C80 (x=1, 2) were characterized by laser‐desorption time‐of‐flight (LD‐TOF) mass spectrometry and UV/Vis/NIR, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. A comparative study of MxSc3−xN@C80 (M=Gd, Dy, Lu, Ho) demonstrates the dependence of their electronic and vibrational properties on the encaged metal. Despite the distinct perturbation induced by 4f10 electrons, we report the first paramagnetic 13C NMR study on HoxSc3−xN@C80 (I; x=1, 2) and confirm Ih‐symmetric cage structure. A 45Sc NMR study on HoSc2N@C80 (I, II) revealed a temperature‐dependent chemical shift in the temperature range of 268–308 K.
Mg/Ca Partitioning Between Aqueous Solution and Aragonite Mineral: A Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Ruiz‐Hernandez Sergio E. , Grau‐Crespo Ricardo , Almora‐Barrios Neyvis , Wolthers Mariëtte , Ruiz‐Salvador A. Rabdel , Fernandez Nestor , de Leeuw Nora H.
Published: June 2012

We have calculated the concentrations of Mg in the bulk and surfaces of aragonite CaCO3 in equilibrium with aqueous solution, based on molecular dynamics simulations and grand‐canonical statistical mechanics. Mg is incorporated in the surfaces, in particular in the (001) terraces, rather than in the bulk of aragonite particles. However, the total Mg content in the bulk and surface of aragonite particles was found to be too small to account for the measured Mg/Ca ratios in corals. We therefore argue that most Mg in corals is either highly metastable in the aragonite lattice, or is located outside the aragonite phase of the coral skeleton, and we discuss the implications of this finding for Mg/Ca paleothermometry.
Chemische Untersuchungen mit Mitteln der Akustik – Einsatz im Chemieunterricht
Authors: Aristov Natasha , Habekost Achim
Published: June 2012

Das Kundt’sche Rohr wurde im 19. Jahrhundert dazu benutzt, um Schallgeschwindigkeiten in verschiedenen Medien zu messen. Im Physikunterricht wurde es verwendet, um die Schallgeschwindigkeit in Luft zu messen und in die Theorie der stehenden Wellen einzuführen. In diesem Artikel nun werden chemische und physikochemische Experimente vorgestellt, mit deren Hilfe z. B. Gase und binäre Gasmischungen identifiziert werden. Grundlage hierfür ist die Abhängigkeit der Resonanzfrequenz vom Adiabatenexponenten sowie von der molaren Masse des Gases bei konstanter Temperatur. Aufgrund dieser Abhängigkeit ist es auch möglich, die chemische Kinetik von Reaktionen zu verfolgen, bei denen Gase entstehen (oder verbraucht werden). Neben der Resonanzfrequenz kann auch die Laufzeit eines Schallimpulses von der Schallquelle zum Empfänger als Charakteristikum für das entsprechende Gas/die Gasmischung verwendet werden. Es wird gezeigt, dass aus einer Gasmischung aus Kohlenstoffdioxid und Methan das CO2 stärker („selektiv“) von Aktivkohle adsorbiert wird. Abschließend werden Ergebnisse zur Ultraschallmessung in verschiedenen Flüssigkeiten vorgestellt.
Gastroenteric neuroendocrine neoplasms classification: Comparison of prognostic models
Authors: Dolcetta‐Capuzzo Anna , Villa Valentina , Albarello Luca , Franchi Giulia M. , Gemma Marco , Scavini Marina , Di Palo Saverio , Orsenigo Elena , Bosi Emanuele , Doglioni Claudio , Manzoni Marco F.
Published: June 2012

BACKGROUND:

Gastroenteric neuroendocrine neoplasms (GE‐NENs) display highly variable clinical behavior. In an attempt to assess a better prognostic description, in 2010, the World Health Organization (WHO) updated its previous classification, and the European Neuroendocrine Tumors Society (ENETS) proposed a new grading and TNM‐based staging system. In the current study, the authors evaluated the prognostic significance of these models and compared their efficacy in describing patients' long‐term survival to assess the best prognostic model currently available for clinicians.

METHODS:

The study cohort was composed of 145 patients with extrapancreatic GE‐NEN who were observed from 1986 to 2008 at a single center and were classified according to the WHO and ENETS classifications. Survival evaluations were performed using Kaplan‐Meyer analyses on 131 patients. Only deaths from neoplasia were considered. A P value < .05 was considered significant. Prognostic efficacy was assessed by determining the Harrell concordance index (c‐index).

RESULTS:

Both the 2010 WHO and the ENETS classification were able to efficiently divide patients into classes with different prognoses. According to the model comparison, the ENETS TNM‐based staging system appeared to be the strongest. All combined models were effective prognostic predictors, but the model that included the 2010 WHO classification plus ENETS staging had a higher c‐index.

CONCLUSIONS:

Both the 2010 WHO classification and the ENETS staging system are valid instruments for GE‐NENs prognostic assessment, with TNM‐based stage appearing to be the best available choice for clinicians, both alone and in association with other classifications. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Distribution of a Y1 receptor mRNA in the brain of two lamprey species, the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and the river lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis)
Authors: Pérez‐Fernández Juan , Megías Manuel , Pombal Manuel A.
Published: June 2012

The neuropeptide Y system consists of several neuropeptides acting through a broad number of receptor subtypes, the NPY family of receptors. NPY receptors are divided into three subfamilies (Y1, Y2, and Y5) that display a complex evolutionary history due to local and large‐scale gene duplication events and gene losses. Lampreys emerged from a basal branch of the tree of vertebrates and they are in a key position to shed light on the evolutionary history of the NPY system. One member of the Y1 subfamily has been reported in agnathans, but the phylogenetic tree of the Y1 subfamily is not yet clear. We cloned the sequences of the Y1‐subtype receptor of Petromyzon marinus and Lampetra fluviatilis to study the expression pattern of this receptor in lampreys by in situ hybridization and to analyze the phylogeny of the Y1‐subfamily receptors in vertebrates. The phylogenetic study showed that the Y1 receptor of lampreys is basal to the Y1/6 branch of the Y1‐subfamily receptors. In situ hybridization showed that the Y1 receptor is widely expressed throughout the brain of lampreys, with some regions showing numerous positive neurons, as well as the presence of numerous cerebrospinal fluid–contacting cells in the spinal cord. This broad distribution of the lamprey Y1 receptor is more similar to that found in other vertebrates for the Y1 receptor than that of the other members of the Y1 subfamily: Y4, Y8, and Y6 receptors. Both phylogenetic relationship and expression pattern suggest that this receptor is a Y1 receptor. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:426–447, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Managing Web 2.0 Content
Authors: Zicari Roberto V.
Published: June 2012

Big Web companies, traditional enterprises, physical science researchers, social scientists, are all experiencing (or anticipating) unprecedented growth in the amount of data available in their domain. There are new opportunities and great untapped value in analyzing ‘Big Data’.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Semantic Web Service matchmakers: state of the art and challenges
Authors: Dong Hai , Hussain Farookh Khadeer , Chang Elizabeth
Published: June 2012

Web services provide a standard means for the interoperable operations between electronic devices in a network. The mission of Web service discovery is to seek an appropriate Web service for a service requester on the basis of the service descriptions in Web service advertisements and the service requester's requirements. Nevertheless, the standard language used for encoding service descriptions does not have the capacity to specify the capabilities of a Web service, leading to the problem of ambiguity in the service discovery process. This brings up the vision of Semantic Web Services and Semantic Web Service discovery, which make use of the Semantic Web technologies to enrich the semantics of service descriptions for service discovery. Semantic Web Service matchmakers are the programs or frameworks designed to implement the task of Semantic Web Service discovery and have drawn a significant amount of attention from both academia and industry from the start of this century. In this paper, we conduct a survey of the contemporary Semantic Web Service matchmakers in order to obtain an overview of the state of the art in this research area. We summarize six technical dimensions from the past literature and analyze the typical Semantic Web Service matchmakers mostly developed during the past 4 or 5 years in terms of the six dimensions. By means of this analysis, we gain an understanding of the current research and summarize a series of potential issues to that would provide the foundation for future research in this area.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
One‐class support vector machines for personalized tag‐based resource classification in social bookmarking systems
Authors: Godoy Daniela
Published: June 2012

Social tagging systems allow users to easily create, organize, and share collections of Web resources in a collaborative fashion. Videos, pictures, research papers, and Web pages are shared and annotated in sites such as Del.icio.us, CiteULike, or Flickr, among others. The rising popularity of these systems leads to a constant increase in the number of users actively publishing and annotating resources and, consequently, an exponential growth in the amount of data contained in their folksonomies, the underlying data structure of tagging systems. In turn, the user task of discovering interesting resources becomes more and more difficult and time‐consuming. In this paper, the problem of filtering resources from social tagging systems according to individual user interests using purely tagging data is studied. One‐class support vector machine classification is evaluated as a means to identify relevant information for users based exclusively on positive examples of their information preferences. It is assumed that users express their interest on resources belonging to a folksonomy by assigning tags to them, whereas there is no straightforward method to collect uninterestingness judgments. Filtering interesting resources based on social tags is an important benefit of exploiting the collective knowledge generated by tagging activities of Web communities. In this paper, the results achieved with tag‐based classification are compared with those obtained using more traditional information sources such as the full text of Web pages. Experimental evaluation showed that tag‐based classifiers outperformed those learned using the text of documents as well as other content‐related sources. Moreover, tag‐based classification becomes essential for folksonomies in which no additional content is available because of the nature of resources being stored (e.g., tagging of photos or videos). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mass spectrometrical analysis of bilin‐binding protein from the wing of Hebomoia glaucippe (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)
Authors: Bae Narkhyun , Lödl Martin , Pollak Arnold , Lubec Gert
Published: June 2012

Bilin‐binding protein (BBP) is a member of the lipocalin superfamily and a pigment protein in Lepidoptera. It is binding to a series of lipidic compounds but its functions remain to be elucidated. Working on wing proteins in Hebomoia glaucippe, we observed this protein on gels and decided to characterize BBP. A gel‐based mass spectrometrical method using two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by in‐gel digestion of protein spots followed by nano‐LC‐ESI‐MS/MS (ion trap, HCT) identification and characterization of proteins was applied. An antibody was generated against the protein and immunoblotting in the butterfly and mouse brain was carried out. Two spots were identified from the butterfly wing as BBP (P09464) with high sequence coverage. Nitrotyrosination (Y163; as aminotyrosine) was observed and nitration was verified using immunoblotting. Additional posttranslational modifications (PTMs) as hypusine, carboxylation, kynurenine, aminoadipic acid, were proposed. The presence of BBP‐immunoreactive protein was also observed in mouse brain. The characterization of BBP showed high sequence similarity with mouse apolipoprotein D and the findings suggest a tentative function of BBP comparable to apolipoproteins. The role of the PTMs remains elusive but nitration, in analogy to nitration effects reported in literature, proposes a role for mechanoelastic proteins and protein–protein interactions.
Characterization of rhinovirus subviral A particles via capillary electrophoresis, electron microscopy and gas‐phase electrophoretic mobility molecular analysis: Part I
Authors: Weiss Victor U. , Subirats Xavier , Pickl‐Herk Angela , Bilek Gerhard , Winkler Wolfgang , Kumar Mohit , Allmaier Günter , Blaas Dieter , Kenndler Ernst
Published: June 2012

During infection, enteroviruses, such as human rhinoviruses (HRVs), convert from the native, infective form with a sedimentation coefficient of 150S to empty subviral particles sedimenting at 80S (B particles). B particles lack viral capsid protein 4 (VP4) and the single‐stranded RNA genome. On the way to this end stage, a metastable intermediate particle is observed in the cell early after infection. This subviral A particle still contains the RNA but lacks VP4 and sediments at 135S. Native (150S) HRV serotype 2 (HRV2) as well as its empty (80S) capsid have been well characterized by capillary electrophoresis. In the present paper, we demonstrate separation of at least two forms of subviral A particles on the midway between native virions and empty 80S capsids by CE. For one of these intermediates, we established a reproducible way for its preparation and characterized this particle in terms of its electrophoretic mobility and its appearance in transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, the conversion of this intermediate to 80S particles was investigated. Gas‐phase electrophoretic mobility molecular analysis (GEMMA) yielded additional insights into sample composition. More data on particle characterization including its protein composition and RNA content (for unambiguous identification of the detected intermediate as subviral A particle) will be presented in the second part of the publication.
Comparing MALDI‐MS, RP‐LC‐MALDI‐MS and RP‐LC‐ESI‐MS glycomic profiles of permethylated N‐glycans derived from model glycoproteins and human blood serum
Authors: Hu Yunli , Mechref Yehia
Published: June 2012

The glycomic profiling of purified glycoproteins and biological specimen is routinely achieved through different analytical methods, but mainly through MS and LC‐MS. The enhanced ionization efficiency and improved tandem MS interpretation of permethylated glycans have prompted the popularity of this approach. This study focuses on comparing the glycomic profiling of permethylated N‐glycans derived from model glycoproteins and human blood serum using MALDI‐MS as well as RP‐LC‐MALDI‐MS and RP‐LC‐ESI‐MS. In the case of model glycoproteins, the glycomic profiles acquired using the three methods were very comparable. However, this was not completely true in the case of glycans derived from blood serum. RP‐LC‐ESI‐MS analysis of reduced and permethylated N‐glycans derived from 250 nl of blood serum allowed the confident detection of 73 glycans (the structures of which were confirmed by mass accuracy and tandem MS), while 53 and 43 structures were identified in the case of RP‐LC‐MALDI‐MS and MALDI‐MS analyses of the same sample, respectively. RP‐LC‐ESI‐MS analysis facilitates automated and sensitive tandem MS acquisitions. The glycan structures that were detected only in the RP‐LC‐ESI‐MS analysis were glycans existing at low abundances. This is suggesting the higher detection sensitivity of RP‐LC‐ESI‐MS analysis, originating from both reduced competitive ionization and saturation of detectors, facilitated by the chromatographic separation. The latter also permitted the separation of several structural isomers; however, isomeric separations pertaining to linkages were not detected.
A proteome signature for intrauterine growth restriction derived from multifactorial analysis of mass spectrometry‐based cord blood serum profiling
Authors: Wölter Manja , Röwer Claudia , Koy Cornelia , Reimer Toralf , Rath Werner , Pecks Ulrich , Glocker Michael O.
Published: June 2012

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is defined as a condition in which the fetus does not reach its genetically given growth potential, resulting in low birth weight. IUGR is an important cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality, thus contributing substantially to medically indicated preterm birth in order to prevent fetal death. We subjected umbilical cord blood serum samples either belonging to the IUGR group (n = 15) or to the control group (n = 15) to fractionation by affinity chromatography using a bead system with hydrophobic interaction capabilities. So prepared protein mixtures were analyzed by MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometric profiling. The six best differentiating ion signals at m/z 8205, m/z 8766, m/z 13 945, m/z 15 129, m/z 15 308, and m/z 16 001 were collectively assigned as IUGR proteome signature. Separation confidence of our IUGR proteome signature reached a sensitivity of 0.87 and a specificity of 0.93. Assignment of ion signals in the mass spectra to specific proteins was substantiated by SDS‐PAGE in conjunction with peptide mass fingerprint analysis of cord blood serum proteins. One constituent of this proteome signature, apolipoprotein C‐III0, a derivative lacking glycosylation, has been found more abundant in the IUGR cord blood serum samples, irrespective of gestational age. Hence, we suggest apolipoprotein C‐III0 as potential key‐marker of the here proposed IUGR proteome signature, as it is a very low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL) and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) member and as such involved in triglyceride metabolism that itself is discussed as being of importance in IUGR pathogenesis. Our results indicate that subtle alterations in protein glycosylation need to be considered for improving our understanding of the pathomechanisms in IUGR.
Potentiality of fe‐ni nanocomposites towards environmental abetment of magenta dye
Authors: Kadu Brijesh S. , Limaye Rohan A. , Natu Arun D. , Chikate Rajeev C.
Published: June 2012

The degradation of a basic magenta (BM) from aqueous streams is explored to ascertain the role of dissolve oxygen using Fe‐Ni bimetallic nanocomposites as catalyst. XRD analysis of Fe‐Ni bimetallic nanocomposites prepared with montmorillonite (MMT) clay suggested its intercalation with Fe‐Ni bimetallic nanoparticles whereas TEM images indicated the spherical nature with 20–40 nm. Batch experiments containing 100 mg L−1 dye solution and 1 g L−1 catalyst exhibited complete decolorization of BM within 10 min following first order reaction kinetics. Amongst the nanocomposites, 10% loaded and 50% in situ compositions possess better activity with enhanced degradation capacity below pH 4 because of generation of reactive H• species. LC‐MS analysis of decolorized solution revealed the formation of both reductive and oxidative metabolites with prominence of N‐demethylated species mainly due to both H− ions and •OH radicals. Moreover, when the deaerated solution of BM (N2 purged dye solution) is subjected for catalytic treatment, only 17% decolorization is observed that further vouch for effectiveness of dissolved oxygen on the degradation process. To ascertain this hypothesis, sodium azide, a selective quencher for singlet oxygen, is added to the dye solution and the supernatant thus obtained is subjected for LC‐MS analysis. This study clearly establishes the fact that reactive oxygenated species (ROS) indeed influence the course of degradation for organic pollutants and this technology may be regarded as aerobic degradation process mediated by zerovalent metal based nanocomposites as efficient catalyst. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 32: 615–623, 2013
High specificity of combined narrow band imaging and autofluorescence mucosal assessment of patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Nguyen Phan , Bashirzadeh Farzad , Hodge Robert , Agnew Julie , Farah Camile S. , Duhig Edwina , Clarke Belinda , Perry‐Keene Joanna , Botros David , Masters Ian Brent , Fielding David
Published: June 2012

Background

The purpose of this study was to evaluate combined autofluorescence (AF) and narrow band imaging (NBI) for detection of mucosal lesions additional to known primary head and neck cancers and to determine impact on management.

Methods

Patients with head and neck cancer requiring preoperative screening or posttreatment surveillance had white light (WL), AF and NBI inspection of the head and neck and bronchus. Known primary cancers were not analyzed, only additional lesions. Moderate dysplasia or worse was considered significant.

Results

In all, 73 patients were recruited. Respectively, there were 24 and 18 additional lesions in the head and neck and bronchus that had significant histopathology. In both regions, AF and NBI were more sensitive than WL for detecting significant dysplasia with NBI demonstrating better specificity than AF (p = .003); 11 of 73 patients (15.1%) had additional findings detected by AF and NBI, which had an impact on management.

Conclusion

Combined AF and NBI inspection is highly specific at panendoscopy and can influence management. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Role of excision repair cross‐complementation 1 expression as a prognostic marker for response to radiotherapy in early‐stage laryngeal cancer
Authors: Johung Kimberly , Rewari Amar , Wu Hao , Judson Benjamin , Contessa Joseph N. , Haffty Bruce G. , Decker Roy H.
Published: June 2012

Background

High expression of excision repair cross‐complementation 1 (ERCC1) predicts for resistance to platinum‐based chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. We evaluated the prognostic value of ERCC1 expression in a cohort of laryngeal cancer treated with radiotherapy alone.

Methods

ERCC1 expression was examined by immunohistochemical analysis of tissue microarrays constructed from 123 patients with stages I–II laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated with standard radiotherapy.

Results

ERCC1 expression did not correlate with clinicopathologic risk factors, local control, or overall survival. At 5 years, local control was 75% versus 71% (p = .78) and overall survival was 68% versus 54% (p = .65), for nonexpressors and expressors of ERCC1, respectively. On multivariate analysis, T classification predicted for local control, and T classification and age predicted for overall survival.

Conclusions

ERCC1 expression did not predict for radiotherapy resistance or worse survival. Therefore, radiotherapy remains an effective treatment in tumors with high ERCC1 expression. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Dairy foods and nutrients in relation to risk of ovarian cancer and major histological subtypes
Authors: Merritt Melissa A. , Cramer Daniel W. , Vitonis Allison F. , Titus Linda J. , Terry Kathryn L.
Published: June 2012

Inconsistent results for the role of dairy food intake in relation to ovarian cancer risk may reflect the potential adverse effects of lactose, which has been hypothesized to increase gonadotropin levels, and the beneficial antiproliferative effects of calcium and vitamin D. Using data from the New England case–control study (1,909 cases and 1,989 controls), we examined dairy foods and nutrients in relation to risk of ovarian cancer overall, histological subtypes and rapidly fatal versus less aggressive disease. We used logistic regression and polytomous logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). In models that were simultaneously adjusted for total (dietary plus supplements) calcium, total vitamin D and lactose, we observed a decreased overall risk of ovarian cancer with high intake of total calcium [Quartile 4 (Q4, >1,319 mg/day) vs. Quartile 1 (Q1, <655 mg/day), OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.49–0.79]; the inverse association was strongest for serous borderline and mucinous tumors. High intake of total vitamin D was not associated overall with ovarian cancer risk, but was inversely associated with risk of serous borderline (Q4, >559 IU/day vs. Q1, <164 IU/day, OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.34–0.76) and endometrioid tumors (Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.39–0.80). We found no evidence that lactose intake influenced ovarian cancer risk or that risk varied by tumor aggressiveness in the analyses of intake of dairy foods and nutrients. The overall inverse association with high intake of calcium and the inverse associations of calcium and vitamin D with specific histological subtypes warrant further investigation.
Statin withdrawal after major noncardiac surgery: Risks, consequences, and preventative strategies
Authors: Fallouh Nabil , Chopra Vineet
Published: June 2012

BACKGROUND:

A growing body of research suggests that statins improve perioperative cardiac outcomes by attenuating inflammation. Conversely, some studies suggest that withdrawal of statins after surgery results in an upsurge of inflammation and adverse cardiac outcomes.

METHODS:

We performed a literature search using multiple medical databases to examine the basic, clinical, and experimental evidence supporting the existence of a statin withdrawal state. Studies examining outcomes associated with statin withdrawal were narratively synthesized.

RESULTS:

Published evidence suggests that statin withdrawal is associated with worse cardiac outcomes in a variety of scenarios, including acute coronary syndrome, ischemic stroke, and surgery. Although certain reasons for postoperative statin cessation are difficult to avoid (eg, ileus after surgery), we posit that many perioperative clinicians may be unaware of the importance of statin resumption in a timely fashion. This lack of awareness translates into preventable harm and an opportunity for outcome improvement. We introduce innovative practices through which perioperative practitioners may prevent statin discontinuation.

CONCLUSIONS:

Ensuring the resumption of statins after surgery should become routine practice for perioperative providers. We highlight knowledge gaps and identify a research agenda aimed at better understanding this practice. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2012; © 2012 Society of Hospital Medicine
Smartphone use during inpatient attending rounds: Prevalence, patterns and potential for distraction
Authors: Katz‐Sidlow Rachel J. , Ludwig Allison , Miller Scott , Sidlow Robert
Published: June 2012

BACKGROUND:

While there are numerous benefits of smartphone use for physicians, little is known about the negative effects of using these devices in the context of patient care.

OBJECTIVE:

To assess resident and faculty smartphone use during inpatient attending rounds and its potential as a source of distraction during transfer of clinical information.

DESIGN:

Cross‐sectional survey.

SETTING:

University‐affiliated public teaching hospital.

PARTICIPANTS:

All housestaff and inpatient faculty in the departments of Medicine and Pediatrics.

METHODS:

Participants were asked about smartphone ownership, usage patterns during attending rounds, and whether team members had ever missed important data during rounds due to distraction from smartphones. Attendings were asked whether policies should be established for smartphone use during rounds.

RESULTS:

The overall response rate was 73%. Device ownership was prevalent (89% residents, 98% faculty), as was use of smartphones during inpatient rounds (57% residents, 28% attendings). According to self‐reports, smartphones were used during rounds for patient care (85% residents, 48% faculty), reading/responding to personal texts/e‐mails (37% residents, 12% faculty), and other non‐patient care uses (15% residents, 0% faculty). Nineteen percent of residents and 12% of attendings believed they had missed important information because of distraction from smartphones. Residents and faculty agreed that smartphones “can be a serious distraction during attending rounds,” and nearly 80% of faculty believed that smartphone policies should be established.

CONCLUSIONS:

Smartphone use during attending rounds is prevalent and can distract users during important information transfer. Attendings strongly favored the institution of formal policies governing appropriate smartphone use during inpatient rounds. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2012;. © 2012 Society of Hospital Medicine
Charge‐transfer contributions in surface‐enhanced Raman scattering from Ag, Ag2S and Ag2Se substrates
Authors: Fu Xiaoqi , Jiang Tingshun , Zhao Qian , Yin Hengbo
Published: June 2012

The degree of charge‐transfer in Ag–4‐mercaptopyridine (Mpy) and Ag2S–4‐Mpy systems is investigated by use of surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Ag2S and Ag2Se nanoparticles are prepared on the basis of the former formation of Ag nanoparticles to make the SERS analytical objects comparable. We utilize the intensity of the non‐totally symmetric modes (either b1 or b2) as compared with the totally symmetric a1 modes to measure the degree of charge‐transfer. We find ~25% of charge‐transfer contribution for Ag–4‐Mpy, whereas 81 ~ 93% for Ag2S–4‐Mpy. It means that the charge‐transfer resonance contribution dominates the overall enhancement in SERS of Ag2S–4‐Mpy. Energy level diagram is applied to discuss the likely charge‐transfer transition between Ag, Ag2S, Ag2Se and 4‐Mpy. This article may point out the link among the three main resonance sources and could enable some insights into the electronic pathways available to the metal‐molecule and semiconductor‐molecule systems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
pH Fractionation and identification of proteins: Comparing column chromatofocusing versus liquid isoelectric focusing techniques
Authors: Gunther Nereus W. , Paul Moushumi , Nuñez Alberto , Liu Yanhong
Published: June 2012

In proteomic investigations, a number of different separation techniques can be applied to fractionate whole cell proteomes into more manageable fractions for subsequent analysis. In this work, utilizing HPLC and mass spectrometry for protein identification, two different fractionation methods were compared and contrasted to determine the potential of each method for the simple and reproducible fractionation of a bacterial proteome. Column‐based chromatofocusing and liquid‐based isoelectric focusing both utilized pH gradients to produce similar results in terms of the numbers of proteins successfully identified (402 and 378 proteins) and the consistency of proteins identified from one experiment to the next (<10% change). However, there was limited overlap in the protein sets with <50% of the proteins identified as common between the sets of proteins identified by the different systems. In addition to the numbers of proteins identified and consistency of those identified, the reduced monetary costs of experimentation and increased assay flexibility produced by using isoelectric focusing was considered in order to adopt a system best suited for comparative proteomic projects.