bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Danos causados por gado leiteiro no componente arbóreo de sistema silvipastoril
Authors: Brun Eleandro José , Dalposso David Marlon , Kuss Fernando , Sartor Laércio Ricardo , Brun Flávia Gizele Konig , Peretiatko Cláudia Dyana Santos
Published: November 2017

Os danos causados por bovinos leiteiros às árvores de Eucalyptus grandis x E. camaldulensis (Grancam) plantadas em outubro/2012 em sistema silvipastoril, foram avaliados após soltura de animais na área, com ocorrência de danos, no inverno/2014, em esquema bifatorial, considerando a distância entre a entrada dos animais na área e as linhas duplas de plantio (fator 1) e as duas ocasiões de avaliação (fevereiro/2015 e julho/2016) (fator 2), classificando os níveis de danos (baixo/médio/alto) e avaliando a interferência dos mesmos no crescimento em diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP) e altura total (Ht), bem como a capacidade de recuperação das árvores. Não houve interação significativa entre o fator 1 e 2 para DAP.  As árvores das linhas mais próximas ao local de entrada dos animais na área apresentaram menor DAP (19,7 e 20,6 cm) em relação às linhas mais distantes (26,1 e 23,9). A interação foi significativa para Ht, mas sem diferença significativa entre as linhas. Entre as duas avaliações, ocorreu incremento médio geral de 2,59 cm ano-1 em DAP e, em Ht, de 5,9 e 6,0 m ano-1 nas linhas 2 e 4, superiores aos 4,6 e 4,4 m ano-1 nas linhas 1 e 3, respectivamente. Em 2015, a maioria das árvores apresentou danos de nível alto (65%), caindo para 6,7% em 2016, mostrando a capacidade de recuperação do grancam. Ocorreu correlação significativa inversa entre DAP e Ht com danos de nível alto (r=-0,25 e -0,24, respectivamente), mostrando que árvores pequenas são mais susceptíveis aos danos pelos bovinos.
Produção de serapilheira e restituição de nutrientes em florestas secundárias do litoral paranaense
Authors: Woiciechowski Thiago , Marques Renato
Published: November 2017

Em seis áreas de florestas secundárias com distintas idades, sob domínio de Floresta Ombrófila Densa Submontana do Paraná, foram realizadas coletas mensais de serapilheira, em 25 coletores de 1 m² suspensos distribuídos sistematicamente nas áreas de 1 ha cada; com o objetivo de estimar a produção de serapilheira: anual, estacional, pelas frações folhas, galhos, órgãos reprodutivos e miscelânea, e a quantidade de nutrientes restituídos. As florestas secundárias foram denominadas de FS, sendo FS-1 e FS-2 com 100 anos aproximadamente (mais desenvolvidas); FS-3 e FS-4 entre 60 e 80 anos (intermediárias); FS-5 entre 40 e 60 anos e FS-6 entre 20 e 30 anos (menos desenvolvidas). Após as quantificações da fitomassa houve a homogeneização e moagem para análises químicas de C, N, P, K, Ca e Mg. A produção anual ficou entre 5 e 10 Mg ha-1 ano-1 e foi observado diferença estatística na produção anual e estacional, sendo o verão e a primavera os períodos com as maiores taxas de deposição. A deposição anual não teve relação com a idade e com as estruturas fitossociológicas das florestas. A fração folhas foi responsável pelas maiores taxas e padrão de deposição nas áreas, porém a fração miscelânea contribuiu para o maior retorno de nutrientes no solo nas florestas mais desenvolvidas. A quantidade anual de nutrientes restituídos apresentou a sequência C>N>Ca>K>Mg>P nas áreas, com exceção de FS-1, com maior teor de Mg em relação ao K. A sequência no aporte anual de nutrientes foi FS-1=FS-2>FS-5>FS-6>FS-4>FS-3 concluindo que as florestas mais desenvolvidas retornaram mais nutrientes para o solo.
Estimativa do fluxo de calor no solo a partir da temperatura do solo em São Paulo, SP
Authors: Funari Frederico Luiz , Pereira Filho Augusto José
Published: November 2017

O fluxo de calor no solo é um dos componentes do balanço de energia, que, junto com calor latente e sensível e os processos biológicos, é resultado da partição da energia líquida disponível. Esse índice geralmente é obtido a partir de medições com fluxímetros, termômetros de solo, ou ainda, estimado por satélites ambientais, segundo metodologias específicas. Neste trabalho, utilizaram-se medições de temperatura do solo a 0 e 20 cm de profundidade para calcular o fluxo de calor no solo por meio do método de DECICO (1967). As medições foram realizadas em uma área de Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo no Parque Estadual Fontes do Ipiranga (PEFI), importante remanescente preservada da Mata Atlântica na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, que dispõe de uma importante série histórica de dados climáticos. Os resultados indicam que o fluxo de calor médio é de 3,69 W m-2 ou 2,83% da energia líquida disponível, semelhante a áreas de Mata Atlântica e Floresta Amazônica.
Thermal Design of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger Used as an Oil Cooler in Ships: A Comparative Case Study
Authors: Ezgi Cüneyt , Akyol Özgür
Published: November 2017

Double-pipe heat exchangers are devices that provide the transfer of thermal energy between two fluids at different temperatures. The major use of these heat exchangers is the sensible heating or cooling process of fluids where small heat transfer areas are required. The oil cooler is an example of these processes. In this study, fouled finned, clean finned, fouled unfinned, and clean unfinned double-pipe heat exchangers used as an oil cooler in ships have been compared. In thermal design, suggested different Nusselt number equations have been used, and the results of these equations have been shown in tables and figures. As a result, it is evaluated that using fouled finned double-pipe heat exchanger as oil cooler in ships is the most appropriate selection.

1. Introduction

A double-pipe heat transfer exchanger consists of one or more pipes placed concentrically inside another pipe of a larger diameter with appropriate fittings to direct the flow from one section to the next. One fluid flows through the inner pipe (tube side), and the other flows through the annular space (annulus). The inner pipe is connected by U-shaped return bends enclosed in a return-bend housing. A typical double-pipe heat transfer exchanger is shown in Fig. 1. Double-pipe heat exchangers can be arranged in various series and parallel arrangements to meet pressure drop. The major use of the double-pipe heat exchanger is the sensible heating or cooling process of fluids where small heat transfer areas (up to 50 m2) are required. This configuration is also very suitable for one or both of the fluids at high pressure because of the smaller diameter of the pipes. The major disadvantage is that they are bulky and expensive per unit of heat transfer surface area.

These double-pipe heat exchangers are also called hairpin heat exchangers, and they can be used when one stream is a gas, viscous liquid, or small in volume. These heat exchangers can be used under severe fouling conditions because of the ease of cleaning and maintenance. The outer surface of the inner tube can be finned, and then, the tube can be placed concentrically inside a large pipe, as shown in Fig. 2. In another type, there are multi tubes, finned or bare, inside a larger pipe. The fins increase the heat transfer surface per unit length and reduce the size and, therefore, the number of hairpins required for a given heat duty. Integrally, resistance-welded longitudinal fins have proven to be the most efficient for double-pipe heat exchangers. Fins are most efficient when the film coefficient is low.
DEFINING CONDITION OF PRESSURE AROUND THE UNDERGROUND OPENING TRAPEZOIDAL IN SHAPE, SUBSTRUCTURED BY ANCHORS IN MULTILAYERED DEPOSITS INVESTIGATED BY THE METHOD OF FINAL ELEMENTS
Authors: Fejzić Semir , Miljanović Jovo , Fazlić Edin
Published: November 2017

The computer program ADINA is used for the pressure analysis on the model of the underground opening, trapezoidal in shape in layers of lignite. An analysis was made before, during and after the setting of three and five anchors. The theory about pressure distribution for secondary and tertiary pressure condition in the roof and board sides of the opening by setting anchors has been proven. In order to check the result, test of pulling out anchors from the roof of the opening has been done. The examinations and research conducted at the level of obtained results show the efficiency of setting underground opening by using anchors where there are multilayered deposits of lignite. The results of the research provided in this paper can also be used for underground openings in different shapes in multilayered deposits.
VARIATION IMPACT LEACHATE FROM LANDFILLS BRIJESNICA ON QUALITY OF SURFACE AND GROUND WATER
Authors: Knežević Nebojša , Vukić Ljiljana , Knežević Danijela
Published: November 2017

Regional Landfill Brijesnica is located in the northeastern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the western part of the municipality of Bijeljina, and began work in 2010, with an approximate area of 4.5 ha. The sanitary cells are built with protective insulating materials - special geomembranes and other materials that guarantee the protection of groundwater. The landfill has a system to collect leachate and biogas collection system. An equalization pool was built to accept leachate with a recirculation system with the return of leachate into the cell. Leachate from the equalization basin is in the monitoring period directly discharged into surface flows (Majevički kanal).

In this study, to determine the state of pollution of surface and groundwater first a hydrogeological analysis of the immediate area of the landfill was done. The analysis of the results of the monitoring of leachate, surface water and groundwater in this dump for a period of four years was done. Monitoring of these waters was made in all four seasons during several hidrological years in order to define a degree of pollution of surface and groundwater. Based on the results of analysis the undeniable impact of leachate from the landfill to the surface was determined but not in groundwater.
IMPORTANCE OF OLISTOSTROME MEMBER FOR METALLOGENY OF LJUBIJA IRON ORE DEPOSITS
Authors: Grubić Aleksandar , Cvijić Ranko , Milošević Aleksej , Čelebić Miodrag
Published: November 2017

Ljubija mining area is built of more formations that belong to the Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic and Cenozoic. From all of these, only two are metalliferous to iron: Javorik formation with olistostrome member and Neogene-Quaternary of Prijedor basin. The first includes primary siderite and ankerite partially limonitised ore and in the second only redeposited limonite (limonite pieces and dust, known under the commercial name "brand"). Appearance of iron is also in other members of Javorik formation and other formations, but these are just thin veins. They have no significance for the economic exploitation but are an important element in the interpretation of metallogeny in the region. These findings came from many years of fieldwork and synthesis of all published and unpublished data related to iron ore in this area.

Therefore, this work gives special importance to olistostrome member, its stratigraphic position and metallogenic characteristics.
GEOTECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TERRAIN AND CALCULATION OF BEARING CAPACITY FOR BRIDGE No. 3 OF MOTORWAY ZENICA – SARAJEVO – MOSTAR – BIJAĆA, SECTION INTERCHANGE POČITELJ – ZVIROVIĆI
Authors: Talić Zlatan , Ćerimagić Đenari
Published: November 2017

The paper present a review of the geotechnical characteristics of the terrain at the location of the bridge No. 3 of motorway Zenica – Sarajevo – Mostar - Bijaća, section Počitelj - Zvirovići.

Also, given the suggestion of foundation structures for each column, as well as the calculated bearing capacity.
THE TERAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF RAILWAY ALONG THE ENTITY BORDER OF FEDERATION BIH – MAGLAJ, SECTION km 103+500 – MAGLAJ
Authors: Đurić Neđo , Babajić Alisa , Đurić Dijana , Srkalović Dado , Perišić Milan
Published: November 2017

The railway Šamac - Sarajevo was built in the fifties of the twentieth century, as a significant part of the railway that connects the central part of the former Yugoslavia with the Sava River. Later, in the seventies another track of Doboj and Zenica was built what was the most important by that time. In general the railway is situated on the corridor V, which links the Adriatic Sea via Sarajevo and Budapest. Over time, the tracks are worn, damaged and speed has been reduced to about 40 km/hour.

As part of the revitalization of the railway network in the former Yugoslavia, the reconstruction of the Šamac - Adriatic Sea began, which is divided by sections. One of these sectionsis the section km 103 + 500 - Maglaj, a more demanding one compared to previous section from Šamac to the now named section. The point is that the terrain along the route of the railway needs to be viewed from the aspect of geologi cal features, then the characteristics of the embankment so the geotechnical conditions for the revitalization of the railway line for speeds of 120 km/hour can be provided.

Conducted field investigations along the route of the railway, as well as laboratory tests on samples provided enough data in the corridor route, while the wider area could not be perceived because of the mine field. However, the previous studies for the purposes of the General Geological Map, scale 1: 100 000, and field observations along the route line gave a satisfactory level of data for assessment of geological and engineering geological characteristics of the terrain.
THE INFLUENCE OF LINEAR THERMAL TRANSMITTANCE OF THERMAL BRIDGES ON THE ENERGY PERFORMANCE CLASS OF BUILDINGS – SIMPLIFIED METHOD
Authors: Vunjak Danilo , Čeh Arpad , Đurić Neđo , Karaman Golub , Hegediš Ivan
Published: November 2017

Thermal bridges have significant influence at calculation of the energy performance classes of buildings. This especially applies to countries where energy performance classes of buildings are determined based only on energy consumption for heating (such as Serbia, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Croatia...). Significant differences arise in determining the heat losses due to thermal bridges. Differences that can occur by using simplified methods depending on national recommendations of different countries are shown in this article.
A NEW MODEL FOR PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT IN ELEMIR OIL FIELD
Authors: Nesic Slavko , Mitrovic Vladimir , Boškovic Zvonimir , Hodzic Adnan
Published: November 2017

The oil reservoirs of the southeastern part of the Panonian basin are characterized by considerable presence of water,i.e.waterdrive. The hydrocarbon reservoirs are mostly in the middle and final production stages. The water production is especially significant in wells producing with an installed Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP). As production continues, it is a realistic expectation that the water cut increases as well.The rapid production of water has affected fluid production in a significant way.Produced water in the Elemir oilfield is gathered, treated and then injected into the porous layers through several wells.The current system for the preparation and treatment of produced water in the Elemir oilfield has functioned with evident technical issues.The main problems are increased volumes of produced fluids and the deposition of solids (scales) in water treatment system. In thisarticle, a new model for produced water treatment is presented, including technical, economic and environmental aspects. A new model fulfils volumetric requirements, improves oil/water separation and suspended solids removal which lead to better injection performance.
APPLICATION OF THE MENEX MODEL IN BIOCLIMATIC ANALAYSIS OF NOVI SAD AND ENVIRONMENT FOR THE PURPOSES OF TOURISM AND RECREATION
Authors: Pecelj R. Milovan , Lukić Milica , Pecelj Milica , Đurić Dijana
Published: November 2017

The subjects of research are Novi Sad, its immediate surroundings and the bioclimatic conditions prevailing in the given area. As Novi Sad is the administrative, cultural, educational, commercial, economic, health, social and historical center of Vojvodina it has a number of tourist potentials that are conducive to the development of various forms of tourism. The authors want to contribute with this paper to the affirmation of bioclimatic analysis and research using the Menex model in the field of geo- ecological evaluation of the urban landscape for the development and improvement of tourism and recreation as representative city functions. It is necessary to assess with what intensity and howbioclimatic conditions affect health or the psycho-physical state of a man in order to develop climatotherapy, recreation and certain forms of tourism. By applying the Menex model we can obtain an objective perception and data about real bioclimatic impact on the territory of Novi Sad and its surroundings. These can then be used for planning and management of urban areas and development of urban functions. During the research we used the daily meteorological data from 2015 by which thermo bioclimatic indices have been determined: Physiological Subjective Temperature (PST), Heat Load (HL) and Physiological Strain (PhS).
DANGERS AND HAZARDS AT WORK IN AREAS JEOPARDISED BY AN EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERE
Authors: Knežević Nebojša
Published: November 2017

The term "explosive atmosphere" is frequently encountered in industry. Typically hazardous areas are found in chemical plants, refineries, paint and varnish workshops, plants for goods grinding, in the storages of combustible gas, liquids and solid substances. In such hazardous areas we must always pay attention to all normal but also abnormal work conditions that can trigger an explosive atmosphere to occur.

Areas at risk of an explosive atmosphere involve diverse hazards (fire risk, injury risk, natural disaster risk, explosion risk etc.). In view of this, it is important to define a level and limits of risk assessment that is conducted in a plant at risk of an explosive atmosphere.

Risk assessment in areas that are at risk of an explosive atmosphere must identify and analyse any hazard or a possible event that could cause an explosion. This paper has conducted a risk assessment at work positions and Ex areas at risk in in Brod Oil Refinery. Risk assessment was conducted in 2015.
CHROMIUM AND NICKEL IN SOIL IN THE WIDER MAGLAJ AREA – CONCENTRATION AND GENESIS
Authors: Babajić Elvir , Babajić Alisa , Stjepić Srkalović Željka , Srkalović Dado , Ustalić Samir , Akmadžić Husnija
Published: November 2017

Research on potentially toxic elements chromium and nickel and laboratory testing of their concentrations was carried out in the wider area of Maglaj, with the aim to detect and determine their quantities, which gave basis for discussion about origins of these pollutants in soil. Field and laboratory observations included 45 soil samples, taken by the network, which is dictated by geomorphological conditions. The most frequently sampled type of soil are fluvisol and humofluvisol. Concentration of chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) are obtained by the most sophisticated laboratory method (ICP-MS), with a highly sensitive detection threshold (0.1 to 10,000 ppm). 

Evaluation of test results showed that concentrations of Cr (max. 954 ppm, min 154 ppm, average 457.5 pmm) and Ni (max 504.5 ppm, min 103.5 ppm; average 275.57 pmm) are significantly increased compared to the concentrations prescribed in the Regulations on determination of allowed amounts of harmful and hazardous substances in soil (Cr max = 100 ppm and Ni max = 50 ppm). Considering geological settings of surrounding area (the dominant presence of igneous ultramafic and mafic rocks) it can be concluded that high concentrations of Cr and Ni have geogenic origins, what is mean that they originate from source rocks from which they are separated through the long-term decomposition and disintegration processes.
Titles of Scientific Letters and Research Papers In Astrophysics: A Comparative Study of Some Linguistic Aspects and Their Relationship with Collaboration Issues
Authors: Méndez David I. , Alcaraz M. Ángeles
Published: November 2017

In this study we compare the titles of scientific letters and those of research papers published in the field of astrophysics in order to identify the possible differences and/or similarities between both genres in terms of several linguistic and extra-linguistic variables (length, lexical density, number of prepositions, number of compound groups, number of authors and number of countries mentioned in the paper bylines). We also carry out a cross-genre and cross-journal analysis of the referred six variables. Our main findings may be summarized as follows: (1) When compared to research paper titles, scientific letter titles are usually shorter, they have a lower lexical density, they include a higher number of prepositions per number of words and a lower number of compound groups per number of words, although they have more up to 4-word compound groups, i.e. the simplest ones. As a consequence, scientific letter titles include less information, which is also less condensed, than research paper titles. (2) The predominance of compound adjectives over compound nouns in the titles of both genres highlights the scientificity of astrophysical discourse. (3) In general terms, our data show a positive correlation between title length and the number of countries mentioned in the bylines for both genres. The positive correlation between title length and number of authors is only met in the case of research papers. In light of these findings, it may be concluded that scientific letters are a clear example of a timeliness and more “immediate” science, whereas research papers are connected to a more timeless and “elaborate” science. It may also be concluded that two different collaboration scenarios are intertwining on the basis of three separate geographic and linguistic publication contexts (Mainland Europe, The United Kingdom and The United States of North America).
A Systematic Review of Research on Teaching English Language Skills for Saudi EFL Students
Authors: Alsowat Hamad H.
Published: November 2017

This systematic review study sought to examine the teaching of English language skills in Saudi Arabia by systematically analyzing the previous studies on language skills which were published within the past ten years and identify the research areas to be bridged in the future. The study employed the systematic review approach. The search strategy yielded 221 studies for inclusion in the systematic keyword map, and 95 studies for in-depth review. The findings of this systematic review revealed that students sampling presented (80.09%) in those studies, and female students participated in only (24.43%) of those studies. In addition, (73.30%) of the conducted studies were at the university level indicating a limit interest of the school-level research. In addition, (68.52%) of those studies focused on writings kills , reading skills and achievement indicating the necessity to give more attention to speaking, listening, pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar research at all education sectors in the future. The in-depth review also indicated an obvious focus on reading and writing skills and most the studies were undertaken at the university level. The findings were discussed and a number of language skills research gaps were pointed out.
The Search for True Love in John Donne’s “The Extasie”
Authors: Albalawi Mohamemd
Published: November 2017

“The Extasie” is one of John Donne's most well known poems that demonstrate his distinctive understanding of love. Critics have argued over the interpretations of “The Extasie”. Some critics have conceived it as an expression of spiritual love and others looked at it as a satirical criticism. This paper attempts to show how “The Extasie” presents an example of great satirical poetry. The poem takes advocates of Platonic love in a mesmerizing journey when reading the first two-thirds of the poem. Ironically, the poem ends with a criticism of Platonisms who exclude the body from the notion of love.
Can 9q34.2 rs633862 polymorphism predict survival in epithelial ovarian cancer?
Authors: Jiang Rong , Xu Yuan , Wang Pan , Cheng Xi , Shi Tingyan , Zang Rongyu
Published: November 2017

Objective

Our previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified that the ABO rs633862 variant in chromosome 9q34.2 was associated with the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) in Chinese Han women. The aim of the present study was to evaluate its prognostic effect on EOC.

Methods

A total of 669 EOC patients were enrolled for the genotyping of rs633862 variant in 9q34.2. We used Kaplan–Meier survival curves, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models to evaluate the association of rs633862 with overall survival (OS) in EOC patients.

Results

We found that rs633862 variant AG/GG genotypes were significantly associated with a longer OS by using univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, compared with the rs633862 AA genotype (HR = 0.69, 95% CI [0.49–0.98], p = 0.035), albeit with a boardline significance in the multivariate analysis. Similar findings were observed in the subgroup of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. Further expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis indicated that the rs633862 AA genotype was associated with an increased level of ABO mRNA expression (p = 1.8 × 10−11).

Conclusions

Supplementary to the previous GWAS, our study provides additional evidence on the prognostic value of the 9q34.2 rs633862 variant in EOC patients, and this variant may function by regulating the ABO mRNA expression.
Reproduction, age and length of first maturity of Pacific mackerel Scomber japonicus (Houttuyn, 1872) in Vizcaino Bay
Authors: Gluyas-Millán MG
Published: November 2017

The spawning period, length and age at first maturity of Scomber japonicus were determined from fish measuring 173 to 383 mm, sampled monthly from commercial purse-seinc catches in Vizcaíno Bay from 1984 to 1986. Macroscopic observations of the gonads indicate an annual spawning period from April to August with a maximum in June. Two condition factors and the monthly growth rate in weight per age varied with the spawning period. Otoliths were used to determine age. Length and age at first maturity were 293 mm standard length and 4.3 years, respectively. An important proportion of four-year-old and older mature females suggests that these ages contribute significantly to the spawning biomass.
Species composition and abundance of tintinnids and copepods in the Pichavaram mangroves (South India)
Authors: Godhantaraman N
Published: November 2017

The annual pattern of distribution and abundance of tintinnids and copepods -taking them as the representatives of the major components of microzooplankton (20 to 200 µm) and mesozooplankton (200 µm to 2 mm), respectively-was studied at the Pichavaram mangroves (India). Monthly samplings were made from January to December 1989, covering three stations. For tintinnids, density varied from 60 to 44,990 org./m3. Agglomerated tintinnids were the dominant form. The maximum abundance (80,740 org./m3) of copepods was recorded in the freshwater and neritic water mixing zone (station 2) during summer and the lowest (80 org./m3) in the freshwater zone (station 1). The genera Acartia and Acrocalanus (belonging to the suborder Calanoida), Macrosetella and Euterpina (belonging to the Harpacticoida), and Oithona (belonginp to the Cyclopoida) were coincident with the maximum species abundance at station 2. Species like Acartia southwellii and Oithona brevicornis were observed during the lower abundance period. Calanoid and harpacticoid copepods were also dominant at station 3. A significant positive relationship between the abundance of tintinnids and copepods was observed. The seasonal distribution and abundance of tintinnids and copepods are discussed in relation to hydrographical parameters.
Floristic study of benthic marine algae from ejido San Jose, Baja California, Mexico
Authors: Aguilar-Rosas R , Aguilar-Rosas MA
Published: November 2017

A study on benthic marine algae collected from four locations in Ejido San José, Baja California, Mexico is presented. The floristic list includes information on the reproductive stage of the species present in the study area, sea level, substrate and epiphytism. A total of 84 genera with 136 species were recorded, of which 12 are Chlorophyta, 22 Phaeophyta and 102 Rhodophyta. Rhodophyta dominated in terms of diversity over the other two divisions.
Feelings of nurses who work with cancer patients in terminal phase Sentimentos de enfermeiros que atuam junto a pacientes com câncer em fase terminal
Authors: Alencar Delmo de Carvalho , Carvalho Antonia Taísa de , Macedo Rejane Lopes de , Amorim Ana M N Eulálio , Martins Álissan Karine Lima , Gouveia Márcia Teles de Oliveira
Published: November 2017

Objetivo: identificar os sentimentos de enfermeiros que atuam junto a pacientes com câncer em fase terminal. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa, realizada com 10 enfermeiros do setor de oncologia de um Hospital de Teresina, Piauí, Brasil. Coleta de dados realizada por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, submetida à análise temática. Obtenção de parecer favorável pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Faculdade Santo Agostinho, conforme parecer N°350/10. Resultados: para os enfermeiros, uma das maiores ansiedades enfrentadas é o lidar com a morte, vista como fenômeno doloroso e de difícil aceitação. A maioria dos profissionais admitiu o despreparo no manejo e enfrentamento desta condição, experienciando de forma conflituosa, amarga e cruel tal vivência. Conclusão: mediante a fragilidade dos sentimentos dos enfermeiros, urge apoio ao profissional da área oncológica com formações de grupos de apoio ao profissional, a fim de compartilhar experiências e minimizar o sofrimento emocional.Descritores: Enfermagem; Oncologia; Saúde Mental.
Transportation accidents among children, adolescents and young people: epidemiological study Acidentes de transporte terrestre entre crianças, adolescentes e jovens: estudo epidemiológico
Authors: Cunha Sueli Marlene Padilha , Godoy Christine Baccarat de
Published: November 2017

Objetivo: Analisar acidentes de trânsito ocorridos na faixa etária de 0 a 24 anos, atendidos no Pronto-Socorro Municipal de Cuiabá em 2013. Método: Estudo transversal com dados capturados por meio de um formulário fechado. A análise dos dados foi feita por meio do Epi-Info. Resultados: Dos 2.122 atendimentos, 67,9% foi do sexo masculino com idade entre 15–24 anos (82,1%) e 49,7% ocorreram nos finais de semana, sendo que 9,6% ocorreu em dezembro, destacando-se os acidentes com motocicleta/triciclo (71,0%), prevalecendo trauma de membros superiores (30,4%) com sequela física imediata em 0,5% das vítimas. Em relação ao desfecho (95,7%), recebeu alta após o atendimento, e houve 7 óbitos (0,3%). Conclusão: A ocorrência significativa de acidentes de trânsito atendidos pelo serviço de urgência e emergência em pauta, envolvendo a população do estudo, evidencia a necessidade de políticas e estratégias de prevenção específicas.Descritores: Acidentes de trânsito; Criança; Adolescente; Jovem; Epidemiologia.
Incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in an intensive care unit Incidência de pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva
Authors: Silva Tatiana Gaffuri da , Souza Gabriela De Nardi Souza De Nardi , De Souza Silvia Silva , Bitencourt Júlia Valéria Vargas , Madureira Valeria Faganello , Luzardo Adriana Remião
Published: November 2017

Objetivo: Identificar a incidência de pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica (PAV) em usuários hospitalizados em uma unidade de terapia intensiva. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, documental e retrospectivo. Os dados foram coletados através de busca nas fichas do Serviço de Controle de Infecções Relacionadas à Assistência à Saúde no período de agosto de 2014 a março de 2015 após aprovação no Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da UFFS com CAEE 45124915100005564. Tabulados no programa Excel e analisados através de estatística descritiva e analítica, com o auxílio do software SPSS 20.0. Resultados: Evidenciaram incidência de 29% de Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica, com destaque para o Staphylococcuss no aspirado traqueal e mortalidade de 44%. Conclusão: Revelou índices compatíveis com dados de outros estudos e com o preconizado pela ANVISA. No entanto, sugestiona capacitação aos profissionais envolvidos no cuidado. Descritores: UTI, Enfermagem, Pneumonia Associada a Ventilação Mecânica.
Patient and worker safety in imaging: an integrative review Segurança do paciente e do trabalhador em Imagenologia: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Carvalho Eduardo Malta de , Santos Paula Raquel dos
Published: November 2017

Objetivo: Levantar as publicações científicas acerca dos enfoques dados as Políticas Nacional de Segurança do paciente (PNSP) e de Saúde e Segurança Trabalhador (PNSST) a fim de integrar estas observações ao cuidado em saúde. Método: estudo quali-quantitativo em revisão sistemática integrada e os dados foram obtidos e registrados através de gráficos, tabelas e quadros além da base teórica do cuidado de Florence.  Resultado: O estudo constatou que cerca de 12,8% dos artigos são voltados para essa temática. Dentro dessa temática, o setor que mais se destaca é a hemodiálise. A teoria ambientalista de Florence junto com a temática proposta influencia tanto na segurança do trabalhador quanto na segurança do paciente. Conclusão: Os artigos de segurança do trabalhador, segurança do paciente e imagenologia estão intrinsecamente associados. E, dessa maneira, podem ter mais artigos posteriormente incluindo essa temática entrelaçada.
Accelerating Thermokarst Transforms Ice‐Cored Terrain Triggering a Downstream Cascade to the Ocean
Authors: Rudy A. C. A. , Lamoureux S. F. , Kokelj S. V. , Smith I. R. , England J. H.
Published: October 2017

Recent climate warming has activated the melt‐out of relict massive ice in permafrost‐preserved moraines throughout the western Canadian Arctic. This ice that has persisted since the last glaciation, buried beneath as little as 1 m of overburden, is now undergoing accelerated permafrost degradation and thermokarst. Here we document recent and intensifying thermokarst activity on eastern Banks Island that has increased the fluvial transport of sediments and solutes to the ocean. Isotopic evidence demonstrates that a major contribution to discharge is melt of relict ground ice, resulting in a significant hydrological input from thermokarst augmenting summer runoff. Accelerated thermokarst is transforming the landscape and the summer hydrological regime and altering the timing of terrestrial to marine and lacustrine transfers over significant areas of the western Canadian Arctic. The intensity of the landscape changes demonstrates that regions of cold, continuous permafrost are undergoing irreversible alteration, unprecedented since deglaciation (~13 cal kyr B.P.).
Distribution of Field‐Aligned Electron Events in the High‐Altitude Polar Region: Cluster Observations
Authors: Shi Jiankui , Zhang Ziying , Torkar Klaus , Cheng Zhengwei , Farzakeley Andrew , Dunlop Malcolm , Carr Chris
Published: October 2017

Field‐aligned electrons (FAEs) are important for the energy transport in the solar wind‐magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling. However, the distribution of FAEs and the concerning physical mechanism in different altitudes of the polar region are still unclear. In this paper, data from the Cluster spacecraft were used to study the characteristics of FAEs in high‐altitude polar region. We selected FAE events with a flux higher than 3 × 108(cm2 s)−1 for our analysis. Their distribution was double peaked around the auroral oval. The main peak occurred around the cusp region (magnetic local time (MLT) 0700–1500) which leaned to the dawnside. The other peak appeared in the evening sector with MLT 2100–2300 just before midnight. The durations of the FAE events covered a wide range from 4 to 475 s, with most of the FAE events lasting less than 40 s. The possible physical mechanisms are discussed, namely, that the downward FAEs may consist of decelerated solar wind and reflected up flowing ionospheric electrons in the potential drops, whereas the upward ones may be mirrored solar wind electrons and accelerated ionospheric up flowing electrons.
Model‐Based Assessments of Magnetic Reconnection and Kelvin‐Helmholtz Instability at Jupiter's Magnetopause
Authors: Masters A.
Published: October 2017

The interaction between the solar wind and Jupiter's magnetic field confines the planetary field to the largest magnetosphere in the Solar System. However, the full picture of when and where key processes operate at the magnetopause boundary of the system remains unclear. This is essential for testing understanding with observations and for determining the relative importance of different drivers of Jovian magnetospheric dynamics. Here we present a global analytical model of Jovian magnetopause conditions under steady state, which forms the basis of boundary process assessments. Sites of magnetic reconnection at Jupiter's magnetopause are expected to be in regions of sufficiently high magnetic shear across the boundary, controlled by the orientation of the interplanetary magnetic field. Reconnection rates are also most sensitive to changes in the highly variable IMF, followed by changes in the solar wind plasma mass density. The largest plasma flow shear across the boundary is in the equatorial dawn region, producing a region that is typically unstable to growth of the Kelvin‐Helmholtz (K‐H) instability. Compared to magnetopause reconnection site locations, this K‐H‐unstable region at dawn is less sensitive to changing conditions. Motion of K‐H boundary perturbations typically includes dawn‐to‐dusk motion across the subsolar region. Model‐predicted reconnection voltages are typically hundreds of kV but rely on steady solar wind conditions on a time scale that is longer than typical at Jupiter's orbit. How the reconnection voltage compares to the voltage applied due to the “viscous‐like” interaction involving K‐H instability remains unclear.
Aerosol Impacts on the Structure, Intensity, and Precipitation of the Landfalling Typhoon Saomai (2006)
Authors: Qu Yi , Chen Baojun , Ming Jie , Lynn Barry H. , Yang Ming‐Jen
Published: October 2017

Typhoon Saomai (2006) was simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with explicit spectral bin microphysics to investigate the effects of aerosol from mainland China on the intensity, structure, and precipitation of the landfalling storm. MAR (maritime), MIX (semicontinental), and CON (continental) experiments were conducted with different initial aerosol concentrations. Varying aerosol concentrations had little influence on the storm track but resulted in pronounced deviations in intensity and structures. The experiment with a high initial aerosol concentration showed invigorated convection at the periphery of the tropical cyclone (TC), which interfered with the reformation of the eyewall, leading to TC weakening. The minimum pressures in the CON and MIX experiments were increased by more than 30 hPa and 14.6 hPa, and their maximum wind speeds were 20 m s−1and 13 m s−1weaker than that in the MAR experiment, respectively. The rain rates in the MIX and CON experiments were 16.6% and 56.2% greater than that in the MAR run, with the differences mainly occurring in the outer rainbands. These results indicate that the aerosol concentration substantially affects the spatial distributions of cloud hydrometeors and rainfall. The increase of rainfall was triggered by an increase in the melting of graupel and cloud droplets collected by raindrops. Similarly, the graupel melting process also enhanced in the outer rainbands with increasing aerosol. Furthermore, a positive microphysics feedback associated with the rainwater in the outer rainbands played an important role in increasing the rain rate in more aerosol scenarios.
Large‐Scale Controls of the Surface Water Balance Over Land: Insights From a Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Padrón Ryan S. , Gudmundsson Lukas , Greve Peter , Seneviratne Sonia I.
Published: October 2017

The long‐term surface water balance over land is described by the partitioning of precipitation (P) into runoff and evapotranspiration (ET), and is commonly characterized by the ratio ET/P. The ratio between potential evapotranspiration (PET) and P is explicitly considered to be the primary control of ET/P within the Budyko framework, whereas all other controls are often integrated into a single parameter, ω. Although the joint effect of these additional controlling factors of ET/P can be significant, a detailed understanding of them is yet to be achieved. This study therefore introduces a new global data set for the long‐term mean partitioning of P into ET and runoff in 2,733 catchments, which is based on in situ observations and assembled from a systematic examination of peer‐reviewed studies. A total of 26 controls of ET/P that are proposed in the literature are assessed using the new data set. Results reveal that: (i) factors controlling ET/P vary between regions with different climate types; (ii) controls other than PET/P explain at least 35% of the ET/P variance in all regions, and up to ∼90% in arid climates; (iii) among these, climate factors and catchment slope dominate over other landscape characteristics; and (iv) despite the high attention that vegetation‐related indices receive as controls of ET/P, they are found to play a minor and often nonsignificant role. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive picture on factors controlling the partitioning of P, with valuable insights for model development, watershed management, and the assessment of water resources around the globe.
Minocycline protects against delayed cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage via matrix metalloproteinase‐9 inhibition
Authors: Vellimana Ananth K. , Zhou Meng‐Liang , Singh Itender , Aum Diane J. , Nelson James W. , Harris Glenn R. , Athiraman Umeshkumar , Han Byung H. , Zipfel Gregory J.
Published: October 2017

Objective

Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is an independent risk factor for poor outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and is multifactorial in etiology. While prior studies have suggested a role for matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) in early brain injury after SAH, its contribution to the pathophysiology of DCI is unclear.

Methods

In the first experiment, wild‐type (WT) and MMP‐9−/− mice were subjected to sham or endovascular perforation SAH surgery. In separate experiments, WT and MMP‐9−/−mice were administered vehicle or minocycline either pre‐ or post‐SAH. All mice underwent assessment of multiple components of DCI including vasospasm, neurobehavioral function, and microvessel thrombosis. In another experiment, rabbits were subjected to sham or cisterna magna injection SAH surgery, and administered vehicle or minocycline followed by vasospasm assessment.

Results

MMP‐9 expression and activity was increased after SAH. Genetic (MMP‐9−/− mice) and pharmacological (pre‐SAH minocycline administration) inhibition of MMP‐9 resulted in decreased vasospasm and neurobehavioral deficits. A therapeutically feasible strategy of post‐SAH administration of minocycline resulted in attenuation of multiple components of DCI. Minocycline administration to MMP‐9−/− mice did not yield additional protection. Consistent with experiments in mice, both pre‐ and post‐SAH administration of minocycline attenuated SAH‐induced vasospasm in rabbits.

Interpretation

MMP‐9 is a key player in the pathogenesis of DCI. The consistent attenuation of multiple components of DCI with both pre‐ and post‐SAH administration of minocycline across different species and experimental models of SAH, combined with the excellent safety profile of minocycline in humans suggest that a clinical trial in SAH patients is warranted.
A decade of rapid change: Biocultural influences on child growth in highland Peru
Authors: Oths Kathryn S. , Smith Hannah N. , Stein Max J. , Lazo Landivar Rodrigo J.
Published: October 2017

Objectives

In the past decade many areas of Peru have been undergoing extreme environmental, economic, and cultural change. In the highland hamlet of Chugurpampa, La Libertad, climate change has ruined harvests and led to frequent periods of migration to the coast in search of livelihood. This biocultural research examines how the changes could be affecting the growth of children who maintain residence in the highlands.

Methods

Clinical records from the early 2000s were compared to those from the early 2010s. Charts were randomly selected to record anthropometric data, netting a sample of 75 children ages 0‐60 months of age. Analysis of covariance was run to compare mean stature, weight, and BMI between cohorts. Percentage of children who fall below the −2 threshold for z‐scores for height and weight were compared by age and cohort.

Results

A significant secular trend in growth was found, with children born more recently larger than those born a decade before. The effect is most notable in the first year of life, with the growth advantage attenuated by the age of 3 for height and age 4 for weight. While children were unlikely to be stunted from 0 to 3 years of age, 44% of the later cohort were stunted and 11% were underweight from 4 to 5 years of age.

Conclusions

Three possible explanations for the rapid shift are entertained: more time spent on the coast during gestation and early childhood, which may attenuate the effect of hypoxia on child growth; dietary change; and increased use of biomedicine.
A Tunable and Enantioselective Hetero‐Diels–Alder Reaction Provides Access to Distinct Piperidinoyl Spirooxindoles
Authors: Jayakumar Samydurai , Louven Kathrin , Strohmann Carsten , Kumar Kamal
Published: October 2017

The active complexes of chiral N,N′‐dioxide ligands with dysprosium and magnesium salts catalyze the hetero‐Diels–Alder reaction between 2‐aza‐3‐silyloxy‐butadienes and alkylidene oxindoles to selectively form 3,3′‐ and 3,4′‐piperidinoyl spirooxindoles, respectively, in very high yields and with excellent enantioselectivities. The exo‐selective asymmetric cycloaddition successfully regaled the construction of sp3‐rich and highly substituted natural‐product‐based spirooxindoles supporting many chiral centers, including contiguous all‐carbon quaternary centers.