bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accurate Pan-Cancer Molecular Diagnosis of Microsatellite Instability by Single-Molecule Molecular Inversion Probe Capture and High-Throughput Sequencing
Authors: Waalkes Adam , Smith Nahum , Penewit Kelsi , Hempelmann Jennifer , Konnick Eric Q , Hause Ronald J , Pritchard Colin C , Salipante Stephen J
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND

Microsatellite instability (MSI) is an emerging actionable phenotype in oncology that informs tumor response to immune checkpoint pathway immunotherapy. However, there remains a need for MSI diagnostics that are low cost, highly accurate, and generalizable across cancer types. We developed a method for targeted high-throughput sequencing of numerous microsatellite loci with pan-cancer informativity for MSI using single-molecule molecular inversion probes (smMIPs).

METHODS

We designed a smMIP panel targeting 111 loci highly informative for MSI across cancers. We developed an analytical framework taking advantage of smMIP-mediated error correction to specifically and sensitively detect instability events without the need for typing matched normal material.

RESULTS

Using synthetic DNA mixtures, smMIPs were sensitive to at least 1% MSI-positive cells and were highly consistent across replicates. The fraction of identified unstable microsatellites discriminated tumors exhibiting MSI from those lacking MSI with high accuracy across colorectal (100% diagnostic sensitivity and specificity), prostate (100% diagnostic sensitivity and specificity), and endometrial cancers (95.8% diagnostic sensitivity and 100% specificity). MSI-PCR, the current standard-of-care molecular diagnostic for MSI, proved equally robust for colorectal tumors but evidenced multiple false-negative results in prostate (81.8% diagnostic sensitivity and 100% specificity) and endometrial (75.0% diagnostic sensitivity and 100% specificity) tumors.

CONCLUSIONS

smMIP capture provides an accurate, diagnostically sensitive, and economical means to diagnose MSI across cancer types without reliance on patient-matched normal material. The assay is readily scalable to large numbers of clinical samples, enables automated and quantitative analysis of microsatellite instability, and is readily standardized across clinical laboratories.
Perfis de aprendizagem de estudantes do ensino superior: Abordagens ao estudo, concepções de aprendizagem e preferências por diferentes tipos de ensino
Authors: Valadas Sandra Cristina Andrade Teodósio dos Santos , Gonçalves Fernando Ribeiro , Faísca Luís Miguel Madeira
Published: April 2018

Tendo por base o trabalho de Entwistle e colaboradores sobre a forma como os estudantes do ensino superior percepcionam e vivem as experiências de aprendizagem, foram objectivos centrais do presente trabalho, por um lado, conhecer e analisar os significados atribuídos por estudantes à aprendizagem, ao estudo e às preferências por tipos de ensino e, neste sentido, perceber de que forma os estudantes conceptualizam o que lhes é exigido em termos de aprendizagem na universidade; e por outro, compreender se serão divergentes as abordagens ao estudo e as concepções de aprendizagem de estudantes de diferentes áreas científicas e anos. Foram consideradas as percepções dos estudantes em relação ao ambiente de ensino-aprendizagem, entendidas como indicadores que influenciam o que os estudantes pensam sobre o ensino, o estudo e a aprendizagem (preferências por tipos de aulas e de ensino). Considerando a proximidade dos constructos, quisemos ainda relacionar as abordagens à aprendizagem com as concepções de aprendizagem (reprodutivas e significativas) e com a preferência por formas de ensino e de instrução diversificadas. Foi também nossa intenção definir perfis em função das formas como os estudantes abordam o estudo e a aprendizagem.O estudo realizado assume uma natureza descritiva, correlacional e não experimental, tendo sido desenvolvido com 568 estudantes de uma instituição universitária do sul do país. Os resultados obtidos permitem-nos afirmar a existência de algumas diferenças significativas em função do ano e do domínio científico, bem como identificar perfis dissonantes em termos das formas como os estudantes abordam o estudo e a aprendizagem.
Pais e mães protegem, acarinham e brincam de formas diferentes
Authors: Faria Anabela , Fuertes Marina , Lopes-dos-Santos Pedro
Published: April 2018

O presente artigo derevisão dedica-se a comparar e a analisar a relação materna e paterna davinculação. A literatura indica que a vinculação segura é mais frequente em díadesmãe-filho do que em díades pai-filho, e que as mães em média são mais sensíveisdos que os pais. Contudo, as medidas de avaliação da sensibilidade foram, namaior dos casos, aferidas em estudos da relação mãe-filho(a). Importa,compreender as diferenças entre mães e pais num quadro mais amplo das relaçõesda família. Guiados pela literatura procuramos saber: Como se desenrola avinculação pai-filho(a)? Que papel o pai tem no jogo e nos cuidados prestados àcriança? Qual é a associação entre os comportamentos paternos e a vinculação?Em que medida o envolvimento dos pais afeta as relações familiares?
Influência da paridade na adaptação da transição para a maternidade em grávidas infectadas pelo VIH e grávidas sem condição médica associada
Authors: Pereira Marco , Canavarro Maria Cristina
Published: April 2018

No presente estudo empírico procuramos explorar a influência da paridade na adaptação na transição para a maternidade de grávidas seropositivas para o VIH e grávidas sem condição médica de risco associada. Noventa e oito mulheres (47 grávidas seropositivas para o VIH e 51 grávidas sem patologia médica associada) foram avaliadas durante o segundo trimestre de gravidez e dois a quatro dias após o parto. O protocolo de avaliação era composto por uma ficha de dados sociodemográficos e grelhas clínicas e obstétricas, e por instrumentos de auto-resposta, destinados a avaliar a sintomatologia psicopatológica (Brief Symptom Inventory), a reactividade emocional (Emotional Assessment Scale)e a qualidade de vida (WHOQOL-Bref). Os resultados obtidos mostram que, para ambos os grupos, a multiparidade se encontra associada a maiores dificuldades de adaptação na transição para a maternidade, de forma mais acentuada entre as mulheres infectadas pelo VIH. O maior poder discriminativo, em função da paridade, registou-se nos domínios Relações sociais e Ambiente, nafaceta geral de qualidade de vida e na dimensão Ansiedade. Ao longo do tempo, a maior estabilidadeindividual registou-se entre as multíparas dos dois grupos e a menor estabilidade entre as primíparasinfectadas pelo VIH. Os resultados do nosso estudo apoiam a existência de diferentes padrões etrajectórias de adaptação das grávidas primíparas e multíparas e, essencialmente, a importância deconsiderar intervenções diferenciadas para cada um dos grupos.
Protótipos de vinculação amorosa: Bem-estar psicológico e psicopatologia em jovens de famílias intactas e divorciadas
Authors: Melo Olga Soares , Mota Catarina Pinheiro
Published: April 2018

De acordo com o modelo bidimensional de Bartholomew os indivíduos desenvolvem a sua identidadee constroem a perceção de si e dos outros, de acordo com as representações transmitidas pelas figurassignificativas de afeto. Os protótipos de vinculação amorosa, associam-se ao desenvolvimento dasaúde mental e bem-estar psicológico nos jovens. Numa amostra de 334 jovens entre os 13 e os 25anos, pretende-se analisar em que medida os protótipos de vinculação diferem em função da idade,género, configuração familiar, bem-estar psicológico e psicopatologia. Foram encontradas diferençassignificativas dos protótipos de vinculação face ao género e psicopatologia, contudo não foramobservadas diferenças no que respeita à idade, configuração familiar e bem-estar psicológico. Osresultados serão discutidos à luz da teoria da vinculação tendo em conta as particularidades dosprotótipos de vinculação de Bartolomeu, com o intuito de perceber o seu contributo no bem-estarpsicológico e desenvolvimento de psicopatologia nos jovens.
O papel do ajustamento diádico na sintomatologia psicopatológica e qualidade de vida de doentes com perturbação psiquiátrica e dos parceiros saudáveis
Authors: Alves Stephanie , Pereira Marco , Janeiro Catarina , Narciso Isabel , Canavarro Maria Cristina
Published: April 2018

O objetivo do presente estudo consistiu em avaliar o ajustamento individual e conjugal de casais numcontexto de perturbação psiquiátrica de um dos seus membros, explorando-se o papel dos indicadoresde ajustamento diádico na sintomatologia psicopatológica e qualidade de vida do doente e do parceirosaudável. A amostra foi constituída por 108 casais, 54 casais onde um elemento tem uma perturbaçãodiagnosticada (27 casais em que o doente identificado era a mulher e 27 casais em que o homem erao elemento doente) e 54 casais da população geral. O protocolo de avaliação incluiu o Inventário deSintomas Psicopatológicos (BSI), o índice de qualidade de vida EUROHIS-QOL-8 e a Escala deAjustamento Diádico – Revista (EAD-R). Os resultados mostraram que os casais dos grupos clínicosapresentaram valores mais baixos de qualidade de vida e mais elevados de sintomatologia depressivae ansiosa, comparativamente aos casais da população geral. As mulheres cujo parceiro estava doentedemonstraram um ajustamento individual semelhante ao apresentado pelas mulheres com perturbaçãopsiquiátrica diagnosticada. O ajustamento diádico dos casais dos grupos clínicos também se revelouinferior ao dos casais da população geral. O ajustamento diádico apenas se associou significativamenteao ajustamento individual quer do próprio, quer do parceiro nos casais em que o homem era o doente.Os diferentes padrões de ajustamento parecem relacionar-se com as especificidades da populaçãoclínica, do sexo do elemento doente e da duração do quadro clínico. Os resultados observados enfatizama importância de se assumir uma perspetiva diádica neste contexto, sendo discutidas as subsequentesimplicações clínicas.
O domínio SRPB (Spirituality, Religiousness and Personal Beliefs) do WHOQOL: O estudo com grupos focais para validação da versão em Português europeu do WHOQOL-SRPB
Authors: Costa Catré Maria Nazarete , Ferreira Joaquim Armando , Pessoa Teresa , Pereira Marco , Canavarro Maria Cristina , Catré Acácio
Published: April 2018

O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar a etapa qualitativa, recorrendo à metodologia de grupos focais, no desenvolvimento da versão em Português Europeu do WHOQOL-SRPB (Spirituality, Religiousness and Personal Beliefs). A amostra incluiu 90 participantes, distribuídos por 12 grupos focais: Profissionais da Saúde, doentes, cuidadores informais, Católicos, não crentes, crentes sem prática religiosa regular, Evangélicos, Adventistas do 7º Dia, Testemunhas de Jeová, Hindus e alunos de Mestrado. Os resultados validaram as dimensões propostas no módulo original desenvolvido pelo Grupo WHOQOL-SRPB. Os grupos focais consideraram ainda outras dimensões, entre as quais a relação com os outros e o estilo de vida que, atendendo à sua relevância, são passíveis de vir a constituir-se como novas facetas do módulo WHOQOL-SRPB em português europeu. Os resultados permitem-nos inferir acerca da transculturalidade do WHOQOL-SRPB, reforçando que as questões da espiritualidade, religiosidade e crenças pessoais têm um papel preponderante na qualidade de vida.
Counterfactual thinking: Study of the focus effect of scenarios and blame ascriptions to victim and perpetrator
Authors: Marques João , Quelhas Cristina , Juhos Csongor
Published: April 2018

In two different studies we examined the focus effect of a scenario (i.e., the fact that a given character is the protagonist of a story) on two interconnected domains: the generation of counterfactual thoughts and the ascription of blame. It was hypothesised that being the focal agent of a story would not only lead to more counterfactuals centred on him or her, but also to greater ascriptions of blame as it would be easier to imagine how that actor could have behaved differently had he chosen or wanted to, and thus avoided a deleterious outcome. Different negatively-valenced scenarios depicting a certain misfortune such as a mugging were created in which victim, perpetrator or both characters were the centre of the story. Results showed that placing either victim or perpetrator as the protagonist of a scenario increases the number of counterfactual thoughts centred on that character, but does not necessarily increase the blame attributed to him or her as the perpetrator was always ascribed more blame than the victim, irrespective of who was the protagonist. Study 2’s findings replicate those of Study 1 even with a different experimental design, modified materials, and various counterbalancing measures, hence suggesting that being the protagonist enables one to easily consider counterfactual alternatives involving that actor, but does not prevent one from identifying who is rightfully to blame for a given misfortune. The results and their implications were interpreted according to different theoretical perspectives and possible future avenues of research are discussed.
Funcionamento familiar e delinquência juvenil: A mediação do autocontrolo
Authors: Gomes Hugo Miguel dos Santos , Gouveia-Pereira Maria
Published: April 2018

De acordo com a Teoria Geral do Crime as práticas parentais ineficazes são a principal causa do baixo autocontrolo que, por sua vez, o autocontrolo será o principal responsável pelo desenvolvimento de comportamentos delinquentes. No presente estudo temos como objetivo analisar empiricamente estas afirmações, ou seja, verificar a influência do funcionamento familiar no autocontrolo e seguidamente analisar se o autocontrolo é mediador na relação entre o funcionamento familiar e a delinquência juvenil. Neste estudo participaram 181 adolescentes, com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e os 19 anos de idade e a frequentar escolas da área da Grande Lisboa. Os instrumentos utilizados foram os seguintes: escala de coesão e flexibilidade familiar (FACES IV), escala de autocontrolo e escala de variedade de delinquência. Os resultados demonstraram uma relação positiva entre o funcionamento familiar e o autocontrolo e uma relação negativa entre o autocontrolo e os comportamentos de delinquência. Por sua vez, o autocontrolo mediou totalmente a relação entre o funcionamento familiar e a delinquência dos jovens. As implicações deste estudo são discutidas.
KONTROL SOSIAL DALAM PEMBINAAN KARAKTER RELIGIUS PESERTA DIDIK MUSLIM DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN NEGERI 1 DUKUHTURI KABUPATEN TEGAL
Authors: Fitriyaningsih Khamalida , Bakhri Syamsul
Published: April 2018

Religious character of students in state vocational high school 1 Dukuhturi Tegal was build of Sholat Dhuha habituation. As a social control, the teachers give a pin “not allow me” to lazzy students in Sholat Dhuha habituation and also give reward mukenah for diligent students. This qualitative research using case study aimed to find out the effectiveness of social control religious character’s student in state vocational high school 1 Dukuhturi Tegal. Data validation was carried out using data source triangulation. Technique of analyzing data used integrated data resulting from the observation of Sholat Dhuha habituation, interview, and documentation from many sources to support information. The theory employed was Talcot Parsons’s Theory with AGIL Concept. The results of research showed that the students doing Sholat Dhuha is not only they afraid of the punishment but they also have a spiritual needs. Religious character habituation doing by obedient attitude in Islam, dicipline, tolerant, and honestly in aqidah subject. This habituation need supports all of school element so that the students have a good religious character.Karakter religius peserta didik SMK N 1 Dukuhturi dibina dengan membiasakan Sholat Dhuha. Sebagai kontrol sosial, Guru menerapkan hukuman berupa penempelan pin bertuliskan “jangan tiru aku” bagi yang tidak rajin melaksanakan dan pemberian penghargaan berupa mukenah bagi yang rajin melaksanakan. Penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kontrol sosial dalam pembinaan karakter religius peserta didik muslim SMK N 1 Dukuhturi. Validitas data diperoleh dengan cara triangulasi sumber data. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan mengintegrasikan data hasil observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi terhadap kepala sekolah, guru, dan peserta didik kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teori Fungsionalisme Struktural Talcott Parsons. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peserta didik melaksanakan Sholat Dhuha tidak hanya karena ada hukuman dan penghargaan tapi muncul rasa kebutuhan spiritual. Pembinaan karakter religius yang dilakukan adalah sikap dan perilaku patuh dalam melaksanakan ajaran agama Islam, disiplin, toleran, dan jujur melalui pembelajaran akidah. Pembiasaan Sholat Dhuha baru dilaksanakan dengan maksimal oleh beberapa wali kelas; Butuh dukungan dari seluruh warga sekolah agar bisa menjadi sebuah pembinaan karakter religius yang kuat. Dampaknya masih banyak peserta didik di kelas lain yang belum memiliki rasa kebutuhan spiritual.Keywords: Social Control, Religius Character, Muslims Students, State Vocational High School
MERAWAT KALI-MERANCANG ASA KOTA KONTESTASI DAN PARTISIPASI KOMUNITAS ATAS DINAMIKA SUNGAI DI KOTA SURAKARTA
Authors: Zunariyah Siti , Ramdhon Akhmad
Published: April 2018

These cities are change by the development scheme compelled by various economic, politic and cultural interests in central and local relations. In the last decades, the dominant condition of physical aspect-oriented development does not change as well. In some aspects, the scale is getting larger and more massive with decentralization interest. The delegated authority in policy framework gives the local government the foundation of accelerating the change through some autonomous scheme, in which the most dominant orientation among all of those attempts is the city transforming with economic-political reasoning. On the other hand, decentralization also gives the citizens the opportunity of being the part of transformation scheme designed by government. Participation Space allows for the involvement in various policies that will be undertaken in collective contestation in public domain.  This article narrates how the urban development scale changes the urban spaces and impacts on the urban ecology, namely river. Narration of river transformation in the last decade is that the river transforms due to many factors and it can be seen from both physical and non-physical transformation. The existing development orientation marginalizes the river and at the same time river assumes the development burden. The crucial point of participation idea is inseparable as well from the relationship between city, river, and citizens staying living in urban kampong daily. The growing response of community is interesting to be studied as the part of understanding the urban physical transformation on the one hand and citizen’s social dynamics on the other hand. Decribing Surakarta and Cities provides the construction of community interest relation complexity and the reinterpretation of river as the part of city. The dynamics of urban kampong in river area can represent the contestation of values, interests and social relations in urban context.  Keyword: City, Kampong, River, Community, Participation
PEREMPUAN DAN DERADIKALISASI: Peran Para Istri Mantan Terpidana Terorisme dalam Proses Deradikalisasi
Authors: Fikriyati Umi Najikhah
Published: April 2018

There have been 1070 people convicted of terrorism untill 2016, some of them have been paid off the sentence. By the end of the sentence, it does not guarantee them not to involve into the same action. Some of them choose to join the radical group and others have repented and now live normally in the midst of society. This research aims to elaborate on the role of wife in the process of de-radicalization so that the husband would not be back involving into the same action. By using phenomenology approach, the result shows that, in two ex-terrorists families, the wives has important role to do deradicalization in their families so that their husband would not be back involving into terrorist act. The process of deradicalization has already begun when the husband is in prison, i.e. by visiting their husband regularly. In addition, the wives also try not to depend on their husband economically, this can immediately keep the husband from the group that he followed. This research conclude that the deradicalization based on family can be regarded as a more effective way to do deradicalization and it can be complementary the existing approach.Hingga tahun 2016 jumlah pelaku tindakan terorisme berjumlah 1070 orang, dari jumlah tersebut sebagian telah menyelesaikan masa hukumannya. Berakhirnya masa hukuman para terpidana terorisme tidak menjamin mereka untuk tidak terlibat dalam aksi yang sama. Sebagian memilih bergabung dengan kelompok radikal yang mereka ikuti dan sebagian yang lain telah bertaubat dan kini hidup normal ditengah-tengah masyarakat. Penelitian ini akan mencoba menguraikan mengenai peran istri dalam proses deradikalisasi sehingga suaminya tidak lagi terlibat dalam aksi yang sama. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi menunjukkan bahwa dalam dua keluarga mantan terpidana terorisme istri memiliki peran dalam menderadikalisasi para suami untuk tidak lagi terlibat dalam aksi terorisme. Proses deradikalisasi telah dimulai ketika suami menjalani hukuman di lembaga pemasyarakatan, yaitu deng an cara melakukan kunjungan rutin ke lembaga pemasyarakatan. Selain itu istri juga berusaha untuk tidak bergantung secara ekonomi kepada suami, hal ini secara tidak langsung dapat menjauhkan suami dari kelompok yang diikutinya. Riset ini menyimpulkan bahwa deradikalisasi berbasis keluarga dinilai lebih efektif, pendekatan tersebut dapat melengkapi pendekatan deradikalisasi yang selama ini telah berjalan.Keyword: Deradicalization, Terrorism Convicted, Women, Prison
CONSUMO DE MEDICAMENTOS POR AGENTES COMUNITÁRIOS DE SAÚDE
Authors: Santos Dominick Danielle Mendonça , Barbosa Thamara Corrêa , Rocha Ricardo Lopes , Bodevan Emerson Cotta , Pimenta Pinheiro Marcos Luciano
Published: April 2018

Esse trabalho investigou o consumo de medicamentos pelos agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS), e realizou uma capacitação abordando a temática. Participaram do estudo 44 ACS. Os medicamentos mais utilizados foram os analgésicos, antitérmicos e anti-inflamatórios (70,8%). Os ACS relataram a seguinte frequência de uso de medicamentos no último mês: 12 usaram uma vez, seis usaram duas vezes, 17 usaram três vezes ou mais e 18 não usaram medicamentos. Quanto à forma de consumo, 18 realizam a automedicação. Dos entrevistados, 35 não tiveram dificuldade em adquirir medicamentos sob prescrição sem a mesma, seis fazem uso de medicamento sob controle especial e 51 entrevistados utilizam água para tomar o medicamento. Os entrevistados afirmaram não consumirem medicamentos pela influência da propaganda comercial. Diante dos dados obtidos, conclui-se que ocorre a prática da automedicação e falhas no uso racional de medicamentos entre os agentes comunitários de saúde.
EFEITOS TRANSGERACIONAIS DO TABAGISMO MATERNO DURANTE A GESTAÇÃO E AMAMENTAÇÃO
Authors: Massago Miyoko , Dworak Elaine Schultz
Published: April 2018

Aproximadamente 250 milhões de mulheres são fumantes em todo o mundo. Estes indivíduos continuam o uso do fumígeno inclusive durante a gravidez podendo ocasionar graves consequências às suas proles. Diante disso, no presente trabalho objetivou-se realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre os efeitos transgeracionais do tabagismo materno durante a gestação e amamentação, usando como banco de dados o Lilacs, Pubmed e Scielo. Foi possível observar que o tabagismo materno durante a gestação pode levar a alterações fisiológicas, biológicas e hábitos alimentares nas diferentes fases do desenvolvimento do indivíduo ocasionando danos irreversíveis aos mesmos devido às programações cardiometabólicas durante as etapas cruciais do seu desenvolvimento.
ESTUDOS DE EQUIVALÊNCIA FARMACÊUTICA E PERFIL DE DISSOLUÇÃO COMPARATIVO DE MEDICAMENTOS CONTENDO HIDROCLOROTIAZIDA
Authors: Ribeiro Cássio Carvalho , Andrade Giovana Maria Marques , Couto Renê Oliveira
Published: April 2018

A hidroclorotiazida (HCTZ) é um fármaco da classe dos diuréticos tiazídicos, amplamente utilizado no tratamento de pacientes com edema e hipertensão arterial sistêmica leve a moderada, sendo considerado altamente efetivo pelos profissionais da saúde. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a equivalência farmacêutica e realizar estudos comparativos de perfil de dissolução entre medicamento Referência (R) e três medicamentos Genéricos (G1, G2 e G3) na forma de comprimidos de liberação imediata de HCTZ (25 mg), de acordo com a monografia apresentada na Farmacopeia Brasileira 5ª Ed. (2010) e a legislação nacional vigente. Nos testes físicos e físico-químicos todos os medicamentos G foram aprovados, no entanto, em alguns casos apresentaram diferenças significativas quando comparados ao medicamento R. Em relação ao perfil de dissolução, o qual visa avaliar o fator de semelhança F2, apenas o medicamento G3 não apresentou um perfil semelhante quando comparado ao medicamento R. A intercambialidade entre G3 e R pode estar comprometida, pois há possibilidade de não atingir níveis plasmáticos da HCTZ na velocidade e extensão desejadas. Os resultados deste trabalho podem refletir a qualidade e confiabilidade dos medicamentos genéricos amplamente utilizados pela população brasileira.
MÉTODOS PARA AVALIAÇÃO IN VITRO DA ATIVIDADE ANTIMICROBIANA DE PLANTAS MEDICINAIS: A NECESSIDADE DA PADRONIZAÇÃO
Authors: Roquete Amparo Tatiane , Cristina Carvalho Braga Vanessa , Brandão Seibert Janaína , Henrique Bianco de Souza Gustavo , Fernando Medeiros Teixeira Luiz
Published: April 2018

A crescente incidência de patógenos resistentes aos medicamentos atuais incentiva a busca de novos agentes antimicrobianos. Neste contexto, as plantas medicinais se destacam, sendo uma importante fonte de novos fármacos. Existem diversos métodos para avaliar a atividade antibacteriana e antifúngica de extratos, frações, óleos essenciais e substâncias isoladas de vegetais. Os mais conhecidos incluem métodos de difusão, diluição e bioautografia. A proposta desse trabalho é apresentar os métodos mais utilizados atualmente, juntamente com suas vantagens, desvantagens e fatores interferentes. Entre os artigos indexados na biblioteca SciELO, abrangendo os últimos dez anos, somente 4,4% das pesquisas com plantas medicinais estão relacionadas com atividade antimicrobiana. O método mais utilizado foi a microdiluição (57,9%), o mais recomendado devido à alta sensibilidade, à quantidade mínima de reagentes e amostra e à possibilidade de um maior número de réplicas. Nos trabalhos que utilizaram esse método, foram verificadas divergências de fatores que podem interferir nos resultados. A fim de facilitar a obtenção de resultados comparáveis e reprodutíveis, destaca-se a necessidade da padronização dos métodos utilizadas pelos pesquisadores. Recomenda-se utilizar como referência as normas estabelecidas pelo CLSI para meio de cultura e concentração de inóculo nos testes. Além disso, também recomenda-se a inclusão de um controle negativo da forma de solubilização das amostras, com quantificação do crescimento microbiano, para evitar a interferência nos resultados.
Grape seed extract effects on serum amylase levels and immunohistochemical alterations in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Irak Kıvanç , Yıldırım Serkan , Mert Handan , Mert Nihat
Published: April 2018

In this study, serum amylase activity and structural changes of the pancreatic tissue in rats under the effects of grape seed extract were investigated. Thirty-two female Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 groups. First one was the control group. The second group was the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) group (45 mg/kg), while the third group was the grape seed extract (GSE) group, where the GSE was administrated intragastrically for 20 days (at 0.6 ml/rat). Lastly, the fourth group was the diabetes mellitus+GSE (DM+GSE) group. Blood samples were taken and analyzed for amylase activity. Caspase 3 expressions were inspected with immunohistochemistry. Amylase levels in the diabetic group were found to be the lowest (794.00±44.85 U/L, p<0.001), while the GSE group had the highest value (1623.63±80.04 U/L, p<0.001) Number of apoptotic cells was increased in Langerhans islets of the diabetic group. In the control and GSE groups, the apoptotic cells were found to be almost entirely absent. Increased number of apoptotic cells was found in the DM group, while decreased number of apoptotic cells was found in the DM+GSE group. Furthermore, atrophy in Langerhans islets, hyperemia in capillary veins, hydropic degeneration and necrosis in islet cells were determined in the diabetic group. Only mild hydropic degeneration in islet cells of Langerhans was observed in the DM+GSE group. Histopathologically beneficial changes in the pancreases were detected when grape seed extract was given to diabetic rats. As a conclusion, GSE was determined to have positive effects on the function and structure of the pancreas, improving enzyme activities and the structure of the Langerhans islets.
TW37 enhances the pro-apoptosis and anti-migration ability of gefitinib in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Chen Xiaofan , Mao Guangxian , Chen Hua , Liu Suyue , Wang Sichao , Li Xiaoqiang , Ye Yiwang , Wu Hao , Liu Jixian
Published: April 2018

B cell leukemia-2 (Bcl-2) plays important roles in the development of tumor and drug resistance. The growth of tumor cells can be inhibited by downregulating the abnormal expression of Bcl-2 protein. TW37, an effective inhibitor of Bcl-2 protein, has now been widely studied in many tumors. In our study, it was found that TW37 exerted a significant effect on the proliferation, apoptosis and migration of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer cells. Bcl-2 is also a key downstream factor of many signaling pathways such as Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). TW37 enhanced the inhibition of tumorigenesis by gefitinib, an EGFR-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor drug. Moreover, TW37 can promote apoptosis ability by inhibiting the phosphorylation level of EGFR protein in H1975 cells. Overall, TW37 enhances the pro-apoptosis and anti-migration ability of gefitinib in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.
Postharvest control of anthracnose lesions and its causative agent, Colletotrichum musae by some oils
Authors: Rizwana Humaira
Published: April 2018

Anthracnose of banana is incited by Colletotrichum  musae. It is recognized as one the most destructive diseases of mature and immature banana fruits, resulting in huge economic losses all over the world. Present research deals with screening some oils both in vitro and in vivo for their antifungal activity against C.musae. Clove oil (0.1µl/ml) completely arrested the conidial germination and mycelial growth of C. musae. Fenugreek and almond oil exhibited significant inhibition of mycelial growth, 61% and 57% at a concentration of 2µl/ml. However, olive oil was least inhibitory on the test fungi. Clove oil also a showed marked reduction in anthracnose lesions on banana fruits, thereby suggesting disease control. Scanning electron microscopy revealed severely damaged mycelium and conidia. FTIR studies show the presence of important bands representing phenols, terpenes, aldehydes, and ketones. Based on our findings; clove, fenugreek and almond oil demonstrated fungicidal and fungistatic activities against anthracnose pathogen. Hence, these oils can be considered as potential alternatives to chemical treatments.
Evidence Integration in Natural Acoustic Textures during Active and Passive Listening
Authors: Górska Urszula , Rupp Andre , Boubenec Yves , Celikel Tansu , Englitz Bernhard
Published: April 2018

Many natural sounds can be well described on a statistical level, for example, wind, rain, or applause. Even though the spectro-temporal profile of these acoustic textures is highly dynamic, changes in their statistics are indicative of relevant changes in the environment. Here, we investigated the neural representation of change detection in natural textures in humans, and specifically addressed whether active task engagement is required for the neural representation of this change in statistics. Subjects listened to natural textures whose spectro-temporal statistics were modified at variable times by a variable amount. Subjects were instructed to either report the detection of changes (active) or to passively listen to the stimuli. A subset of passive subjects had performed the active task before (passive-aware vs passive-naive). Psychophysically, longer exposure to pre-change statistics was correlated with faster reaction times and better discrimination performance. EEG recordings revealed that the build-up rate and size of parieto-occipital (PO) potentials reflected change size and change time. Reduced effects were observed in the passive conditions. While P2 responses were comparable across conditions, slope and height of PO potentials scaled with task involvement. Neural source localization identified a parietal source as the main contributor of change-specific potentials, in addition to more limited contributions from auditory and frontal sources. In summary, the detection of statistical changes in natural acoustic textures is predominantly reflected in parietal locations both on the skull and source level. The scaling in magnitude across different levels of task involvement suggests a context-dependent degree of evidence integration.
Personality Trait Effects on Green Household Installations
Authors: Busic-Sontic Ante , Brick Cameron
Published: April 2018

Large, one-time investments in green energy installations effectively reduce domestic energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. Despite long-term economic benefits for households, the rate of green investments often remains moderate unless supported by financial subsidies. Beyond financial considerations, green investments may also be driven by individual psychological factors. The current study uses data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (N = 3,468) to analyse whether the household decision to invest in green energy installations is linked to the Big Five personality traits. Personality traits and domestic investments in solar and other alternative energy systems had weak indirect associations through environmental concern but not through risk preferences. Openness to Experience and Neuroticism showed a weak positive relationship with green energy installations through the environmental concern channel, whereas Extraversion had a weak negative link. Based on these findings, persuasive messaging for green investments may be more effective when it focuses on environmental concern rather than reduced risk in countries like Germany, where long-standing financial subsidies decreased the risk in green investments.
Aplikasi Matrix Labolatory untuk Perhitungan Sistem Antrian dengan Server Tunggal dan Majemuk
Authors: Anam Nafiul , Hendikawati Putriaji
Published: April 2018

Penelitian ini mengembangkan program aplikasi komputer dengan Matrix Labolatory (Matlab) sebagai alat bantu untuk menghitung aplikasi teori antrian. Program aplikasi yang dirancang dapat digunakan untuk menghitung berbagai komponen antrian seperti laju kedatangan dan pelayanan serta distribusinya, probabilitas pelayan menganggur, jumlah pelanggan serta waktu tunggu dalam antrian. Berdasarkan analisis dan perancangan program, perhitungan antrian yang dilakukan memiliki ketepatan hasil yang sama terhadap perhitungan secara teoretis dan mampu meningkatkan efisiensi waktu dalam perhitungan aplikasi sistem antrian. Program yang dibuat pada penelitian ini hanya terbatas untuk menghitung model antrian server tunggal dan majemuk dengan laju kedatangan berdistribusi poisson dan laju pelayanan berdistribusi eksponensial, untuk itu perlu pengembangan program lebih lanjut untuk model antrian dengan laju kedatangan dan pelayanan yang tidak memenuhi asumsi distribusi poisson dan eksponensial.
Games Puzzle Hijaiyah Elektronik Interaktif Berbasis Mikrokontroler DT-AVR Maxiduino
Authors: Mulyana Agus , Nasrudin Nasrudin
Published: April 2018

Puzzle hijaiyah Elektronik Interaktif adalah games edukasi kombinasi dari piranti lunak dan perangkat keras untuk membantu sarana pembelajaran anak-anak usia dini dalam pengenalan huruf-huruf hijaiyah Al-Quran. Pada saat penyusunan puzzle memiliki indikator berupa suara dan gambar animasi bergerak ketika penyusunan puzzle benar yang ditampilkan pada layar smartphone android. Pembuatan puzzle hijaiyah elektronik ini memanfaatkan alat-alat elektronik antara lain untuk membaca perubahan high atau low menggunakan sensor cahaya photodioda, untuk mengontrol menyala LED menggunakan IC demultiplexer, gerbang OR digunakan untuk menggabungkan keluaran dari setiap sensor dan memanfaatkan keluaran logika low, mikrokontroler DT-AVR Maxiduino sebagai pengontrol kerja komponen lain dan pengolah data yang diterima dari setiap sensor, Basic4Android sebagai editor pembuatan interface pada smartphone android yang digunakan untuk mengolah data yang dikirim dari mikrokontroler, bluetooth HC-06 sebagai alat komunikasi antara mikrokontroler dengan smartphone android. Pengujian alat ini berfungsi 100% dalam pengiriman dan penerimaan data melalui komunikasi bluetooth, alat ini berhasil dan dapat digunakan. Diharapkan dengan adanya alat ini dapat membuat anak-anak lebih tertarik lagi untuk belajar sehingga untuk belajar Al- quran dapat lebih menarik lagi dan dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir dan membuat anak belajar berkonsentrasi.
Analisis Sistem Pendaftaran pada Web Forum Ilmiah Matematika Unnes 2014
Authors: Alamsyah Alamsyah , Arus Afrilian Ardi
Published: April 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas dan efisiensi penerapan sistem pendaftaran pada Forum Ilmiah Matematika (FIM) Unnes 2014. Berdasarkan observasi yang dilakukan, penulis menemukan bahwa pendaftaran berbasis web lebih efektif karena mempermudah sistem pendaftaran, terutama di luar wilayah Semarang. Kelemahan dari sistem yang digunakan selama ini yaitu pendaftaran yang digunakan dinilai kurang efisien karena pendaftar dapat melakukan lebih dari satu kali input data dengan atribut yang sama. Oleh karena itu, dirancang sebuah sistem pendaftaran berbasis web berupa database yang hanya dapat memuat satu data dengan atribut seperti nama, NISN, asal sekolah dan lain-lain.
Sistem E-Learning untuk Mendukung Proses Belajar Mengajar (Studi Kasus pada Universitas Indo Global Mandiri Palembang)
Authors: Ghazali K.
Published: April 2018

Universitas Indo Global Mandiri adalah salah satu Universitas yang beradadi kota Palembang, seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi dan untuk membantu proses belajar mengajar maka dibutuhkan sebuah Sistem aplikasi e-learning. E-Learning adalah salah satu metode pembelajaran yang memanfaatkan teknologi komputer, jaringan komputer dan/atau Internet. E- Learning memungkinkan mahasiswa untuk belajar melalui komputer di tempat mereka masing- masing tanpa harus secara fisik pergi mengikuti perkuliahan di kelas seperti perkuliahan secara konvensional. Dengan adanya e-learning diharapkan dapat membantu mahasiswa untuk lebih memahami materi pembelajaran yang diberikan oleh dosen. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Program Studi Sistem Informasi Fakultas Ilmu Komputer Universitas Indo Global Mandiri. Didalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode RAD (Rapid Aplication Development) dan rancangan system menggunakan Use Case yang terdiri dari tiga class yakni, admin, dosen dan mahasiswa.
Penggunaan Metode Depth First Search (DFS) dan Breadth First Search (BFS) pada Strategi Game Kamen Rider Decade Versi 0.3
Authors: Prasetiyo Budi , Hidayah Maulidia Rahmah
Published: April 2018

Pada permainan Game Kamen Rider Decade ini sangat membutuhkan strategi yang tepat jika ingin memenangkan dengan mudah permainan ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengimplementasikan metode Dept First Search (DFS) dan Breadth First Search (BFS) pada Game Kamen Rider Decade, yang merupakan permainan dengan strategi penyelesaiannya menggunakan metode pencarian buta (blind search). Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif, dimana pengujian dilakukan dengan memainkan 3 kali masing-masing dengan metode selalu BFS dan selalu DFS. Hasil menunjukan peluang lebih besar memenangkan permainan ini adalah dengan strategi selalu BFS. Dimana kemampuan BFS pada permainan ini dapat berguna untuk pertahanan terhadap musuh.
Penyajian Data Pelanggan pada Lima Area PT. Telekomunikasi Indonesia, Tbk. Kandatel Pekalongan Menggunakan Google Earth
Authors: Muslim Much Aziz , Pramesti Atikah Ari
Published: April 2018

Prosedur sistem penyajian data pelanggan di PT. Telekomunikasi Indonesia, Tbk. Kandatel Pekalongan khususnya bidang Divisi Business Services masih menggunakan cara manual, hanya menggunakan media Micorsoft Excel. Dalam hal ini peneliti ingin menerapkannya dalam bentuk aplikasi Google Earth untuk membuat penyajian data pelanggan, karena Google Earth dapat memetakan bumi dari superimposisi gambar yang dikumpulkan dari pemetaan satelit, fotografi udara dan globe GIS tiga dimensi sehingga akan menghasilkan data yang akurat. Penyajian data dengan menggunakan Google Earth dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan bahasa markup HTML. Dengan cara ini, Divisi Business Service akan menjadi lebih mudah ketika menyajikan data-data para pelanggan Telkom yang mencakup lima area yaitu Batang, Pekalongan, Pemalang, Tegal dan Brebes.
Metode Face Recognition untuk Identifikasi Personil Berdasar Citra Wajah bagi Kebutuhan Presensi Online Universitas Negeri Semarang
Authors: Kurniawan Luthfi Maslichul
Published: April 2018

Salah satu hasil evaluasi dari Sistem Presensi Online Pegawai Universitas Negeri Semarang adalah adanya proses-proses curang di dalam sistem presensi dengan menitipkan presensi atau melakukan foto presensi kosong. Sistem Presensi Online Pegawai yang dikembangkan dengan bahasa pemrograman PHP, basis data MySQL dan pustaka JavaScript JPEGCam itu tidak cukup mampu memberikan gambaran tentang kedisiplinan dari pegawai di lingkungan Universitas Negeri Semarang. Untuk itulah, perlu dibangun sebuah sistem yang mampu mengolah data-data foto yang ditangkap dari proses presensi online tersebut untuk dianalisis apakah ada wajah manusia yang terdeteksi. Maka, dikembangkanlah sebuah sistem face recognition yang dirancangbangun menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Python dan pustaka OpenCV. Hasil dari rancang bangun ini adalah sistem face recognition yang mampu berjalan secara otomatis di komputer server untuk membaca basis data presensi, mengolah foto-foto yang tersimpan pada basis data tersebut, mendeteksi wajah pada foto-foto yang diolah kemudian menampilkan hasilnya pada tabel basis data presensi untuk diolah dalam bentuk skor deteksi wajah yang tampil di rekapitulasi presensi online pegawai.
Prolactin protects against cytokine-induced beta-cell death by NFκB and JNK inhibition
Authors: Nardelli Tarlliza R , Vanzela Emerielle C , Benedicto Keli C , Brozzi Flora , Fujita André , Cardozo Alessandra K , Eizirik Décio L , Boschero Antonio C , Ortis Fernanda
Published: April 2018

Type 1 diabetes is caused by an autoimmune assault that induces progressive beta-cell dysfunction and dead. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 1 beta (IL1B), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interferon gamma (IFNG) contribute for beta-cell death, which involves the activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and c- Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Prolactin (PRL), a physiological mediator for beta-cell proliferation, was shown to protect beta cells against cytokines pro-apoptotic effects. We presently investigated the mechanisms involved in the protective effects of prolactin against cytokine-induced beta-cell death. The findings obtained indicate that STAT3 activation is involved in the anti-apoptotic role of PRL in rat beta cells. PRL prevents the activation of JNK via AKT and promotes a shift from expression of pro- to anti-apoptotic proteins downstream of the JNK cascade. Furthermore, PRL partially prevents the activation of NFκB and the transcription of its target genes IkBa, Fas, Mcp1, A20 and Cxcl10 and also decreases NO production. On the other hand, the pro-survival effects of PRL do not involve modulation of cytokine-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress. These results suggest that the beneficial effects of PRL in beta cells involve augmentation of anti-apoptotic mechanisms and, at the same time, reduction of pro-apoptotic effectors, rendering beta cells better prepared to deal with inflammatory insults. The better understanding of the pro-survival mechanisms modulated by PRL in beta cells can provide tools to prevent cell demise during an autoimmune attack or following islet transplantation.
Sex Differences in Recombination in Sticklebacks
Authors: Sardell Jason M , Cheng Changde , Dagilis Andrius J , Ishikawa Asano , Kitano Jun , Peichel Catherine L , Kirkpatrick Mark
Published: April 2018

Recombination often differs markedly between males and females. Here we present the first analysis of sex-specific recombination in Gasterosteus sticklebacks. Using whole-genome sequencing of 15 crosses between G. aculeatus and G. nipponicus, we localized 698 crossovers with a median resolution of 2.3 kb. We also used a bioinformatic approach to infer historical sex-averaged recombination patterns for both species. Recombination is greater in females than males on all chromosomes, and overall map length is 1.64 times longer in females. The locations of crossovers differ strikingly between sexes. Crossovers cluster toward chromosome ends in males, but are distributed more evenly across chromosomes in females. Suppression of recombination near the centromeres in males causes crossovers to cluster at the ends of long arms in acrocentric chromosomes, and greatly reduces crossing over on short arms. The effect of centromeres on recombination is much weaker in females. Genomic differentiation between G. aculeatus and G. nipponicus is strongly correlated with recombination rate, and patterns of differentiation along chromosomes are strongly influenced by male-specific telomere and centromere effects. We found no evidence for fine-scale correlations between recombination and local gene content in either sex. We discuss hypotheses for the origin of sexual dimorphism in recombination and its consequences for sexually antagonistic selection and sex chromosome evolution.
Modelo LDA para medición avanzada de riesgo operacional
Authors: Macías Villalba Gloria Inés , Parra Hormiga Sergio Andrés , Carvajal Herrera Luz Helena
Published: April 2018

El propósito de este documento es presentar los resultados simulados de la aplicación de un modelo de medición de riesgo operacional (ro) y los beneficios que se obtienen cuando se utiliza un proceso adecuado que permita identificar las fuentes generadoras de riesgo, que sirvan de soporte a la etapa de control mediante el seguimiento de indicadores para la mitigación de riesgos operacionales. El enfoque principal está en uno de los modelos avanzados de medición del ro sugeridos por Basilea, específicamente el enfoque de distribución de pérdidas (LDA, por su sigla en inglés), aplicado a tres tipos de eventos de RO en una de las líneas de negocio para una entidad financiera en Colombia. La cuantificación con valor en riesgo operacional (OPVaR) utiliza dos métodos que sirven de comparación, y se determina por las características de las distribuciones en el cálculo de las pérdidas esperadas y no esperadas de cada evento, con la estimación de un intervalo de valores que podrá ser el referente para la entidad al mantener un capital económico requerido que cubra exposiciones futuras por RO.