bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studies on thermal and degradation kinetics of cellulose micro/nanoparticle filled polylactic acid (PLA) based nanocomposites
Authors: Bhiogade Achal , Kannan Murugasamy
Published: January 2021

The aim of this work is to understand the effect of concentration of plasticizer, particle size and wt% of nanoparticles on nanocomposites by fabricating poly lactic acid (PLA) based bio-nanocomposites. The bio-nanocomposites were prepared by a solution casting method with PLA as the matrix, chloroform as solvent and poly ethylene glycol (PEG) as plasticizer. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) were used as reinforcements in 1, 3 and 5 wt% to modify the properties of the bio-nanocomposite. The degradation kinetics of the PLA based composites were determined by using the Coats-Redfern equation over the range of 0-5 wt% of MCC and CNC. Fabricated PLA based composite films were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The analyses showed that the amount of PEG, MCC and CNC affected the degree of crystallinity. DSC results showed that the MCC/CNC content level affected the degree of crystallinity compared to neat PLA. The FTIR showed a free hydroxyl group (−OH) present in the system. The TGA analysis showed that the PLA/MCC3%/ PEG 10% composition had the highest stability compared to the other compositions but less than neat PLA.
Moral injury in healthcare professionals: A scoping review and discussion
Authors: Čartolovni Anto , Stolt Minna , Scott P Anne , Suhonen Riitta
Published: January 2021

Moral injury emerged in the healthcare discussion quite recently because of the difficulties and challenges healthcare workers and healthcare systems face in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Moral injury involves a deep emotional wound and is unique to those who bear witness to intense human suffering and cruelty. This article aims to synthesise the very limited evidence from empirical studies on moral injury and to discuss a better understanding of the concept of moral injury, its importance in the healthcare context and its relation to the well-known concept of moral distress. A scoping literature review design was used to support the discussion. Systematic literature searches conducted in April 2020 in two electronic databases, PubMed/Medline and PsychInfo, produced 2044 hits but only a handful of empirical papers, from which seven well-focused articles were identified. The concept of moral injury was considered under other concepts as well such as stress of conscience, regrets for ethical situation, moral distress and ethical suffering, guilt without fault, and existential suffering with inflicting pain. Nurses had witnessed these difficult ethical situations when faced with unnecessary patient suffering and a feeling of not doing enough. Some cases of moral distress may turn into moral residue and end in moral injury with time, and in certain circumstances and contexts. The association between these concepts needs further investigation and confirmation through empirical studies; in particular, where to draw the line as to when moral distress turns into moral injury, leading to severe consequences. Given the very limited research on moral injury, discussion of moral injury in the context of the duty to care, for example, in this pandemic settings and similar situations warrants some consideration.
Definitely Maybe: New Governance of Uncertainty and Risk in Patient Group Involvement with UK Guidance on Testing for Lyme Disease
Authors: Faulkner Alex , Bloor Kate , Hale Vahsti
Published: January 2021

States that claim responsibility for citizens’ healthcare try to deal with knowledge uncertainties while preserving a duty of care. Production of clinical guidelines in disputed medical conditions or where uncertainty is high, is difficult. Patient groups may advocate non-credentialed evidence, contribute to debates and form alliances with established policy actors. In this context, Lyme disease, especially highly contested ‘chronic’ Lyme disease is a good case with which to examine how official governance institutions are managing diagnostic uncertainty and evidence for tests. The healthcare state has been provoked to develop extensive policy for Lyme disease. In the UK, national Health Technology Assessment agency, NICE, began a consultation process in 2016. NICE and other policy actors are moving towards more participatory modes of decision-making. The article analyses NICE’s recently published guidelines and consultation documents; patient groups’ contributions; observations of consultations and of evidence review processes; and recent Department of Health systematic reviews, including patient group participation. We draw on concepts of participatory governance, patient group activism and guideline involvement. We find an increased level of participation by patient groups in recent policy and evidence review processes, and hence legitimation of them as ‘stakeholders’, alongside a strengthened state position on pre-existing diagnostic and testing standards.
Fuzzy Logic–Based Comparison of Predicted Sales Records of Competing Products
Authors: Banerjee Anuradha
Published: January 2021

The issue of comparing sales records of competitors is gaining increased importance to both marketing academicians and practitioners to get an idea about approximate trend of customer inclination to their products. Actual sales records of competing products for past few years can be compared in two ways. If sales records exhibit normal distribution, then they can be tested for dominance over the other using t test (paired or unpaired). On the other hand, if normality is violated, then non-parametric tests like Kruskal–Wallis test by ranks or one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) can be applied to test whether samples originate from the same distribution. One-way ANOVA is very flexible in the sense that it can work with two or more independent samples, and sample sizes need not be equal. This article emphasizes the fact that marketing strategies of today must take care of predicted consumer inclination, at least in the near future. Prediction of future sales records of competing products can be obtained using many techniques available in the literature, like linear regression, auto-regressive moving average (ARMA) model etc. All these predictions come up with a certain percentage of error. Therefore, it is wise to fuzzify them by dividing into ranges, before comparison. Here, a novel fuzzy logic–based technique is proposed that compares predicted sales records of competing products and accordingly finds out which one is the best.
Book review: Aparna Pande, Making India Great: The Promise of a Reluctant Global Power
Authors: Alam Javed
Published: January 2021

Aparna Pande, Making India Great: The Promise of a Reluctant Global Power (Noida: Harper Collins, 2020), xxviii + 208 pp., ₹599, ISBN 978-93-5357-801-5 (Hardback).
‘Boys, when they do dance, they have to do football as well, for balance’: Young men’s construction of a sporting masculinity
Authors: Harding Sarah Nicola
Published: January 2021

The construction of masculinity and identity for young men is often complex. The role of sport for young men’s construction of a ‘valued’ masculine identity mirrors this complexity, and sport is often viewed as the paradigmatic space for displaying dominant forms of masculinity. This paper explores how young men construct their masculinity within the field of sport. Using Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus, field, capital and illusio, this paper draws on semi-structured interview data with 70 young people from 3 schools in North East England (33 young men/37 young women, aged 15–16 years). The key principle is that young men are able to manipulate and manage their sporting identities, whilst being mindful of how broader gendered expectations (‘etiquette’) can influence which gendered identities, sports and bodies are socially valued and rewarded. Young men expressed a strong desire to conform to broader social norms which equate sport with masculinity, thus reinforcing gender-appropriate sports as more acceptable. Young men are constantly undertaking ongoing identity work to present a version of masculinity that is context and field-specific. However, the physical use of the body in a sporting field remains a paradigmatic way in which masculinity is promoted and valued for young men.
Private psychiatry in Australia: reflections on career opportunities, benefits, and challenges
Authors: Looi Jeffrey CL , Atchison Michelle , Pring William
Published: January 2021

Objective:

To provide reflection on career opportunities, benefits and challenges, with regard to commencing private practice psychiatry in Australia.

Conclusions:

There are varied opportunities for a career in private practice psychiatry. Private practice has benefits and challenges, distinct from public sector psychiatry; with moderately greater professional autonomy, facilitating the provision of expert mental healthcare for the community.
Comparison of inpatients who were readmitted within 28 days of discharge with those not readmitted: an audit at an Australian private psychiatric hospital
Authors: Hope Judith , Keks Nicholas A , Pring William , Adamopoulos Voula , Toffler David , Macfarlane Stephen , Van Sebille Debbie
Published: January 2021

Objective:

To compare inpatients who had been readmitted within 28 days of discharge with patients not readmitted within the same period in a private psychiatric hospital.

Method:

Of 118 readmissions within 28 days in 2017 (7% of admissions), 50 were randomly selected and matched by age and gender with control patients who had not been readmitted within 28 days. Differences in demographics, diagnosis, length of stay and number of admissions in the previous 12 months were examined.

Results:

Readmitted cases were 64% female, were aged 49.8 ± 18.2 years (range 19–89), 40% were in relationships and 24% were receiving disability support. Most patients were suffering an episode of depression. Cases had higher rates of multiple psychiatric diagnoses ( p < .001) and physical disorders ( p < .05). There were no significant differences between cases and controls on psychiatric diagnoses. Cases had a longer length of stay in their previous admission ( p < .01) and a higher number of admissions in the preceding 12 months ( p < .05) compared to controls.

Conclusion:

This study indicates that inpatients readmitted within 28 days of discharge were more likely to have multiple diagnoses, physical co-morbidity and relapsing conditions than patients who were not readmitted.
Novel application of single-cell next-generation sequencing for determination of intratumoral heterogeneity of canine osteosarcoma cell lines
Authors: Ayers Jordan , Milner Rowan J. , Cortés-Hinojosa Galaxia , Riva Alberto , Bechtel Sandra , Sahay Bikash , Cascio Matthew , Lejeune Amandine , Shiomitsu Keijiro , Souza Carlos , Hernandez Oscar , Salute Marc
Published: January 2021

Osteosarcoma (OSA) is a highly aggressive and metastatic neoplasm of both the canine and human patient and is the leading form of osseous neoplasia in both species worldwide. To gain deeper insight into the heterogeneous and genetically chaotic nature of OSA, we applied single-cell transcriptome (scRNA-seq) analysis to 4 canine OSA cell lines. This novel application of scRNA-seq technology to the canine genome required uploading the CanFam3.1 reference genome into an analysis pipeline (10X Genomics Cell Ranger); this methodology has not been reported previously in the canine species, to our knowledge. The scRNA-seq outputs were validated by comparing them to cDNA expression from reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and Sanger sequencing bulk analysis of 4 canine OSA cell lines (COS31, DOUG, POS, and HMPOS) for 11 genes implicated in the pathogenesis of canine OSA. The scRNA-seq outputs revealed the significant heterogeneity of gene transcription expression patterns within the cell lines investigated (COS31 and DOUG). The scRNA-seq data showed 10 distinct clusters of similarly shared transcriptomic expression patterns in COS31; 12 clusters were identified in DOUG. In addition, cRNA-seq analysis provided data for integration into the Qiagen Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software for canonical pathway analysis. Of the 81 distinct pathways identified within the clusters, 33 had been implicated in the pathogenesis of OSA, of which 18 had not been reported previously in canine OSA.
Development of an electrical analogue for modeling natural vibrations of a viscoelastic structure with piezoelectric element
Authors: Oshmarin Dmitrii , Sevodina Nataliya , Iurlova Nataliia , Iurlov Maksim
Published: January 2021

This paper focuses on the development of an equivalent electrical model with lumped parameters capable of describing the natural vibrations of an electromechanical system comprising a viscoelastic structure with a piezoelectric element attached to its surface. The important advantage of the model is that it takes into account the energy losses associated with the viscoelastic properties of the material of the main structure. Two versions of the equivalent electric analogue of the initial electro-viscoelastic system in the form of electric circuits, the elements of which are described by the real or complex quantities, are considered. The approaches to the formulation of the problem of natural vibrations in the developed electric analogue are based on Kirchhoff’s laws for electric circuits and Ohm’s law for alternating current. Special attention is paid to the identification of model parameters. A procedure for determining the parameters for the equivalent electrical model is based on the results gained from the solution of a coupled problem of natural vibrations of the initial electromechanical system; problem formulation is also given here. The effectiveness and reliability of the developed equivalent electric models with lumped parameters for the determination of complex eigenfrequencies of the electromechanical system containing energy dissipation elements are demonstrated by analyzing the behavior of structures in the form of a rectangular plate and a semi-cylindrical shell.
Force control of electro-active polymer actuators using model-free intelligent control
Authors: Sancak Caner , Yamac Fatma , Itik Mehmet , Alici Gürsel
Published: January 2021

In this paper, a model-free control framework is proposed to control the tip force of a cantilevered trilayer CPA and similar cantilevered smart actuators. The proposed control method eliminates the requirement of modeling the CPAs in controller design for each application, and it is based on the online local estimation of the actuator dynamics. Due to the fact that the controller has few parameters to tune, this control method provides a relatively easy design and implementation process for the CPAs as compared to other model-free controllers. Although it is not vital, in order to optimize the controller performance, a meta-heuristic particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, which utilizes an initial baseline model that approximates the CPAs dynamics, is used. The performance of the optimized controller is investigated in simulation and experimentally. Successful results are obtained with the proposed controller in terms of control performance, robustness, and repeatability as compared with a conventional optimized PI controller.
Anisotropic magnetorheological elastomers with carbonyl iron particles in natural rubber and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber: A comparative study
Authors: Alam Md. Najib , Kumar Vineet , Ryu Sang-Ryeoul , Choi Jungwook , Lee Dong-Joo
Published: January 2021

This work examines magneto-rheological elastomers (MREs) based on isotropic and anisotropic distribution of carbonyl iron particles (CIP) in natural rubber (NR) and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR). Measurements of the compressive mechanical properties were done to determine the isotropic and anisotropic properties of the MREs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy were employed to study the CIP filler mixing behavior in the rubber matrix and orientation of particles in an anisotropic state. CIP-NBR composites show higher ultimate compressive stress in both isotropic and anisotropic states than NR-based composites. NBR-based composites show positive increases in both the elastic modulus and compressive stress at higher deformation when changing from isotropic to anisotropic, whereas NR-based composites show a positive increase in the elastic modulus and a decrease in the compressive stress. Elastic modulus measurements of anisotropic composites under a magnetic field suggest that NBR composites have much better field-dependent magnetic properties than NR composites. Anti-stress-relaxation measurements indicate that NBR composites have better magnetic effect than NR composites. The better performance of NBR-based anisotropic composites in field-dependent and independent behaviors might be due to better filler distribution, a greater number of chain-like filler structures, and less aggregation of the chain-like filler strands. The MREs based on NBR could be more useful than NR for wide range of magneto rheological applications.
Localization and monitoring of initiation and propagation of corrosion-induced mortar cracking based on OFDR distributed optical fiber sensor
Authors: Tang Fujian , Zhao Lizhi , Tian Hao , Li Hong-Nan , Li Hui
Published: January 2021

Optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) optical fiber is characterized to monitor corrosion-induced mortar cracking, including localization and determination of crack initiation time, crack size, and crack length. Mortar cylinders containing a steel bar were prepared and subjected to accelerated corrosion test. The change of mortar surface condition due to steel bar corrosion was recorded with an OFDR optical fiber which was attached by using epoxy resin before corrosion test. Three fiber wrap spacing were considered including 20 mm, 50 mm, and 100 mm. Visual inspection was performed after corrosion test. Calibration test was also conducted to determine the transfer coefficient of cracking. Results show non-uniform corrosion occurred on steel bar and resulted in mortar surface cracking, which was reflected by the strain peaks appeared in the OFDR fiber strain curve. OFDR optical fiber can be used to identify the time of crack initiation, localize the position of cracks, and determine the width and length of cracks. Both the sensitivity and spatial resolution of OFDR optical fiber sensor increase with a decrease of the fiber wrap spacing.
Living With Fear: Experiences of Danish Parents in Vulnerable Positions During Pregnancy and in the Postnatal Period
Authors: Frederiksen Marianne Stistrup , Schmied Virginia , Overgaard Charlotte
Published: January 2021

Targeted services are recommended to pregnant women/parents in vulnerable positions to support their well-being and improve health outcomes; however, being offered extra services is associated with feelings of fear and anxiety. Adopting an ethnographic approach, we explore what parents fear, how and why they experience fear, and how this shapes their childbearing experience and engagement with Danish maternity care services. We made field observations and conducted interviews with 39 parents in vulnerable positions, who shared multiple, ambiguous, and interrelated fears. Four main themes were constructed: fear of going back to a dark place, of having a negative impact on the baby, of being labeled, and of the consequences of service engagement and being open. We conclude that what parents fear, the intensity of these fears, and what potentially triggers it are contingent on their life story, their care pathways, and the maternity care system.
Social Processes Informing Toileting Behavior Among Adolescent and Adult Women: Social Cognitive Theory as an Interpretative Lens
Authors: Hebert-Beirne Jeni , Camenga Deepa R. , James Aimee S. , Brady Sonya S. , Newman Diane K. , Burgio Kathryn L. , Kane Low Lisa , Hardacker Cecilia T. , Gahagan Sheila , Williams Beverly Rosa
Published: January 2021

Little is known about social processes shaping adolescent and adult women’s toileting behaviors. The “Study of Habits, Attitudes, Realities, and Experiences” (SHARE) examines adolescent and adult women’s experiences related to bladder health across the life course. Forty-four focus groups with 360 participants organized by six age groups were conducted across seven sites. A transdisciplinary team used social cognitive theory as an interpretive lens across a five-stage analysis. The act of observing was identified as the overarching social process informing women’s toileting behaviors in three ways: (a) observing others’ toileting behavior, (b) being aware that one’s own toileting behaviors are monitored by others, and (c) observing oneself relative to others. We found that underlying processes of toileting behaviors, seemingly private are, in fact, highly social. We suggest, given this social embeddedness that health promotion efforts should leverage interpersonal networks for “social norming” interventions and policies to promote healthy toileting behaviors.
The Construction of “Self” in Individuals With Congenital Facial Palsy
Authors: Davies Laura , Halewood Andrea , Jenkinson Elizabeth
Published: January 2021

Congenital facial palsy is a rare medical condition that causes paralysis of the facial muscles, lack of facial expression, and an unusual appearance. Findings from developmental psychology suggest that the face plays a central role in the construction of self. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 adults born with congenital facial palsy. Participant’s constructions of self across the life span were explored and a grounded theory of this process was constructed. Theoretical sampling was conducted with two parents of children born with the condition. All participants reported “struggling to make connections,” “experiencing invalidation,” and “struggling to regulate affect,” which lead to “constructing a defective sense of self.” Alternatively, “making validating connections” facilitated the process of “constructing a validated sense of self.” This study provides insight into the unique social and emotional challenges often experienced by those born with congenital facial palsy and highlights the need for early psychosocial intervention.
Cost Savings Associated With Palliative Care Among Older Adults With Advanced Cancer
Authors: Sheridan Paige E. , LeBrett Wendi G. , Triplett Daniel P. , Roeland Eric J. , Bruggeman Andrew R. , Yeung Heidi N. , Murphy James D.
Published: January 2021

Background:

There is inconsistent evidence that palliative care intervention decreases total healthcare expenditure at end-of-life for oncology patients. This inconsistent evidence may result from small sample sizes at single institution studies and disparate characterization of costs across studies. Comprehensive studies in population-based datasets are needed to fully understand the impact of palliative care on total healthcare costs. This study analyzed the impact of palliative care on total healthcare costs in a nationally representative sample of advanced cancer patients.

Methods:

We conducted a matched cohort study among Medicare patients with metastatic lung, colorectal, breast and prostate cancers. We matched patients who received a palliative care consultation to similar patients who did not receive a palliative care consultation on factors related to both the receipt of palliative care and end of life costs. We compared direct costs between matched patients to determine the per-patient economic impact of a palliative care consultation.

Results:

Patients who received a palliative care consultation experienced an average per patient cost of $5,834 compared to $7,784 for usual care patients (25% decrease; p < 0.0001). Palliative care consultation within 7 days of death decreased healthcare costs by $451, while palliative care consultation more than 4 weeks from death decreased costs by $4,643.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates that palliative care has the capacity to substantially reduce healthcare expenditure among advanced cancer patients. Earlier palliative care consultation results in greater cost reductions than consultation in the last week of life.
Congenital Midline Cervical Cleft: A Variant of Tessier Number 30 Cleft Causing Micrognathia
Authors: Tonello Cristiano , de Matos Ines Correia Pinto , Feitosa Leonardo Bezerra , Peixoto Adriano Porto , Alonso Nivaldo
Published: January 2021

Congenital midline cervical cleft is a rare and generally isolated malformation of the ventral neck region with no clear etiology established. Mandibular deformities, such as micrognathia, could be considered as a consequence of a cleft cervical contracture. Complete surgical excision of the subcutaneous fibrous cord at an early age is the primary treatment modality, minimizing growth development problems on surrounding affected tissue. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical, surgical, and histological findings in a female child with congenital midline cervical cleft along with a relevant literature review. Three years follow-up after surgery exhibited satisfactory functional and cosmetic results.
Needs Assessment for Eosinophilic Esophagitis Education in School Nurses
Authors: Bogale Kaleb , Stern Heather , Jhaveri Punit , Jhaveri Pooja
Published: January 2021

Over the past 2 decades, eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) has become increasingly recognized as a common cause of gastrointestinal morbidity in children. A mainstay of treatment is food avoidance, which must be implemented in both the home and school settings for school-aged children. The aim of this study is to assess school nurses’ familiarity with EoE with regard to food avoidance and treatment in the school setting. We conducted a 19-question online survey of 60 school nurses (elementary through high school) recruited from Dauphin, Lebanon, and Lancaster Counties in Pennsylvania. Results indicated that 62% of respondents were familiar with EoE. However, only 22% felt comfortable distinguishing between symptoms of EoE and food-dependent anaphylaxis. Almost all respondents (97%) were interested in learning more about EoE. We report significantly increased familiarity with food-dependent anaphylaxis in comparison with EoE among school nurses. There is an interest and need for increasing education on EoE.
Oliceridine for the Management of Acute Postoperative Pain
Authors: Liu Yang , Hu Qiang , Yang Junyi
Published: January 2021

Objective

To review the pharmacological characteristics, clinical evidence, and place in the management of acute postoperative pain severe enough to require an intravenous opioid.

Data Sources

A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed (January 2000 to December 1, 2020). Key search terms included oliceridine or acute postoperative pain. Other sources were derived from product labeling and ClinicalTrials.gov.

Study Selection and Data Extraction

All English-language articles identified from the data sources were reviewed and evaluated. Phase I, II, and III clinical trials were included.

Data Synthesis

Oliceridine is a novel selective µ-receptor G-protein pathway modulator. It has the property of activating G-protein signaling while causing low β-arrestin recruitment to the µ-receptor. Intravenous oliceridine showed statistically superior analgesia than placebo in patients with moderate or severe pain after surgery, with a favorable safety and tolerability profile regarding respiratory and gastrointestinal adverse effects, compared with morphine.

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice

The analgesic capacity of oliceridine is at least comparable to that of morphine at clinically relevant dosages, with a rapid onset of action. Also, it may be associated with a lower incidence of adverse events at dosing regimens associated with comparable analgesia. These data suggest that oliceridine may provide an important new treatment option for the management of moderate to severe postoperative pain where an intravenous opioid is warranted.

Conclusion

Oliceridine has obvious analgesic effects in patients with moderate or severe pain after surgery; additionally, it has a favorable safety and tolerability profile.
A Framework for Integrating Ergonomics Into Architectural Design
Authors: Eilouti Buthayna
Published: January 2021

We spend most of our lives inside buildings. Although human–building interactions have a substantial impact on architectural design, there is no comprehensive framework for addressing buildings as facilitators of such interactions and as an interface between users and the environment. I share a framework derived from a project that incorporates principles of ergonomics into the early stages of architectural design processing. The main research objective is to outline a holistic approach to ergonomics-aided architectural design that addresses interactions between humans, buildings, and their environment. It also functions as guidance for designers to generate human-centered environment-friendly designs.
Diagnostic Challenge of Sarcomatoid Variant of ALK-Positive Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: Case Report and Updated Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Song Fuqin , Yu Shili , Jia Meng , Gao Hongwen , Sun Ping-Li
Published: January 2021

The sarcomatoid variant of anaplastic large cell lymphoma is an extremely rare histologic pattern of anaplastic large cell lymphoma that consists of spindle-shaped neoplastic cells and is easily misdiagnosed as a soft tissue sarcoma. We report a case of the sarcomatoid variant of anaplastic large cell lymphoma that was initially diagnosed as an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in our hospital and as liposarcoma after consultation. This article analyzed the features of this entity by reviewing the literature. Only 15 cases have been reported, most of which were misdiagnosed as sarcoma, sarcomatoid carcinoma, or inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. Most of the reported cases showed a myxoid stroma, with a variable number of inflammatory cells. The hallmark cells usually can be found by careful evaluation of the slides. Immunohistochemistry including CD30, EMA, and ALK are the most useful for diagnosis. Most are III or IV stage, and have a good prognosis after chemotherapy.
Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption: A Common Driver of Central Nervous System Diseases
Authors: Segura-Collar Berta , Mata-Martínez Pablo , Hernández-Laín Aurelio , Sánchez-Gómez Pilar , Gargini Ricardo
Published: January 2021

The brain is endowed with a unique cellular composition and organization, embedded within a vascular network and isolated from the circulating blood by a specialized frontier, the so-called blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is necessary for its proper function. Recent reports have shown that increments in the permeability of the blood vessels facilitates the entry of toxic components and immune cells to the brain parenchyma and alters the phenotype of the supporting astrocytes. All of these might contribute to the progression of different pathologies such as brain cancers or neurodegenerative diseases. Although it is well known that BBB breakdown occurs due to pericyte malfunctioning or to the lack of stability of the blood vessels, its participation in the diverse neural diseases needs further elucidation. This review summarizes what it is known about BBB structure and function and how its instability might trigger or promote neuronal degeneration and glioma progression, with a special focus on the role of pericytes as key modulators of the vasculature. Moreover, we will discuss some recent reports that highlights the participation of the BBB alterations in glioma growth. This pan-disease analysis might shed some light into these otherwise untreatable diseases and help to design better therapeutic approaches.
Person, Place, or Thing: Individual, Community, and Risk Information Seeking
Authors: Wang Wan , Kahlor Lee Ann , Moon Won-Ki , Olson Hilary Clement
Published: January 2021

This study focuses on the relationship between the community and the environment to explore (1) how community attachment affects residents’ risk perceptions and risk-coping strategies and (2) how risk knowledge is influenced by community-level psychological factors and, in turn, affects the decision to seek risk information. To find answers, 438 Texans were randomly surveyed on the topic of seismic activity induced by nearby natural gas extraction activities. The findings suggest that risk knowledge and risk information seeking intent are related to lower community attachment. Insights and implications related to the study have been provided for communication practitioners.
Fish Tales: How Narrative Modality, Emotion, and Transportation Influence Support for Sustainable Aquaculture
Authors: Rickard Laura N. , Yang Janet Z. , Liu Sixiao , Boze Tabitha
Published: January 2021

Considerable research suggests narrative persuasion’s attitudinal and behavioral effects in health and environmental contexts. Whether the format of narrative presentation influences these effects, however, remains unclear. We use an online experiment ( N = 2,225), comparing text and video conditions, to evaluate how exposure to narrative influences transportation, emotions, and risk-benefit perceptions and, in turn, how such perceptions affect attitudes and behavioral intentions toward sustainable aquaculture. Consistent with prior research, the text condition was more transporting than the video. Further, a serial mediation model shows transportation as leading to lower risk perception, higher benefit perception, and higher aquaculture support.
Retrospective Review of Prescribing Patterns in Cancer-Associated Thrombosis: A Single Center Experience in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Authors: Kaliel Hannah , Mior Meghan , Quan Steven , Ghosh Sunita , Wu Cynthia , Bungard Tammy J.
Published: January 2021

Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is the standard of care for treating cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT), although new evidence for direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) supports use in specific cancer populations. In this retrospective review at a specialty CAT clinic from 2016 to 2019, we report the use of anticoagulants (LMWH, DOACs, warfarin, anticoagulant class change) in the acute and chronic phases of CAT and compare use before/after publication of the Hokusai-VTE Cancer trial. Death, venous thromboembolism (VTE) recurrence and bleeding was also reported. Of the 221 included, median age was 69 years, with 57.5% having metastatic disease. In the acute phase, 80.1% were prescribed LMWH, 4.1% DOAC, and 14.5% had an anticoagulant class change (LMWH to DOAC; 78.1%). In the chronic phase, 35.8% were prescribed LMWH, 11.3% DOAC, and 42.9% had an anticoagulant class change (LMWH to DOAC; 90.1%). Use of DOACs in the acute and chronic phase prior to the Hokusai-VTE trial was 1.0% and 2.0%, respectively, and following publication was 6.8% and 19.6%. Death occurred for 22.6% patients, recurrent VTE in 7.2%, and bleeding in 5.0%. DOAC use is increasing with time; real-world data may help to guide optimization of the care of complex patients.
Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients With Cerebral Infarction With Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Guo Shijie , Lin Yingying , Ma Xiaoye , Zhao Yanxin , Jin Aiping , Liu Xueyuan , Sun Letao , Meng Guilin
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to investigate the long-term safety and benefits of antiplatelet therapy in patients with cerebral infarction with thrombocytopenia, as evidence regarding this was limited. This cohort trial assessed patients with acute cerebral infarction with thrombocytopenia treated in the Neurology Department of Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital from January 2016 to December 2018, and enrolled patients were followed up for 9 months. The patients were divided into non-antiplatelet and antiplatelet groups based on the actual intake of antiplatelet drugs. Primary endpoints included hemorrhagic events, recurrence of cerebral infarction, and activity of daily living (ADL) score changes. To balance baseline clinical data, propensity score matching was applied, and there were finally 65 matched patients, including 30 and 35 in the antiplatelet and non-antiplatelet groups, respectively. There were no differences in hemorrhagic and cerebral infarction recurrence rates between the 2 groups. ADL score change was higher in the antiplatelet group than in the non-antiplatelet group (10 vs 5, p = 0.039). In multivariate regression analysis, antiplatelet therapy significantly predicted a positive change in ADL scores [B = 8.381, 95% confidence interval (0.56-16.19)]. In patients with acute cerebral infarction with thrombocytopenia, antiplatelet therapy could the improve the quality of life in the chronic stage.
Spillover and Crossover Effects: Mothers’ and Fathers’ Intimate Partner Violence, Parent-Child Aggression Risk, and Child Behavior Problems
Authors: Pu Doris F. , Rodriguez Christina M.
Published: January 2021

The high co-occurrence of intimate partner violence (IPV) and physical child abuse suggests that studying these forms of aggression simultaneously, bidirectionally, and longitudinally is critical. Guided by family systems theory, this study examined parent-child aggression (PCA) risk, IPV victimization, and child behavior problems as reported by mothers and fathers when their child was 18 months and at 4 years old, to evaluate whether negative processes can transmit across family subsystems (i.e., spillover hypothesis) and/or across individuals (i.e., crossover hypothesis). Results indicated that mothers’ PCA risk predicted their subsequent IPV victimization and their reported child behavior problems (i.e., spillover effects) as well as fathers’ reported IPV victimization (i.e., crossover effect). Maternal reports of child behavior problems also predicted mothers’ reported IPV victimization and fathers’ reported child behavior problems, indicating child-driven effects. Overall, mothers rather than fathers appear more vulnerable to harmful spillover effects. Findings underscore the need for early prevention and intervention given the complex, transactional nature of family violence.
Beyond Neoliberalism: A Policy Agenda for a Progressive City
Authors: Joy Meghan , Vogel Ronald K.
Published: January 2021

The urban crisis—poverty and inequality, un—and under-employment, inadequate and unaffordable housing and public transportation, pollution and climate disasters—is the result of the failure of the neoliberal agenda to produce adequate funds and capacities to ensure the provision of services necessary for the city to function and its residents to thrive, especially the most vulnerable, and increasingly, the middle class. In the last few years, there appears to be a potential for a new more radical direction in urban policy. Yet, urban scholars and practitioners have been slow to notice the new possibilities that reopens the question of whether cities may engage in redistributive policies. In reviewing the history and current practice of progressive politics and policy in cities, this paper explores what a policy agenda for a progressive city might entail and identifies themes and questions for a renewed urban politics research agenda.
Updates on the molecular mechanisms of aspirin in the prevention of colorectal cancer: Review
Authors: Belayneh Yaschilal Muche , Amare Gedefew Getnet , Meharie Birhanu Geta
Published: January 2021

Colorectal cancer is one of the commonest malignancies worldwide. The estimated lifetime risk of the disease is about 5% with an incidence of one million new cases and 600,000 deaths worldwide every year. It is estimated that in 2019, approximately 134,490 new cases of colorectal cancer will be diagnosed with 49,190 mortalities. Though the disease is regarded as a disorder of the more developed world, the occurrence is steadily increasing in many developing countries. Since chronic inflammation is a known aggravating risk factor for colorectal cancer, anti-inflammatory agents such as aspirin have been used to prevent the development of colorectal cancer and related mortality. The potential mechanisms for the effect of aspirin in the prevention of colorectal cancer have been proposed and broadly classified as cyclooxygenase (COX) dependent and COX-independent. Some of the primary effectors of COX-dependent mechanisms in carcinogenesis are likely to be prostaglandins. In contrast to the reversible action of other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, aspirin is known to irreversibly inactivate COX enzymes to suppress production of prostaglandins. COX-independent mechanisms of anticancer effects of aspirin include down-regulation of nuclear factor kappa B activity and Akt activation, modulation of Bcl-2 and Bax family proteins, suppression of vascular endothelial growth factor, induction of apoptosis, disruption of DNA repair mechanisms, and induction of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase that modulates polyamine catabolism.
Characterizing Loss of Control Associated With Binge Eating in College-Age Men
Authors: Wolfe Barbara E. , Kelly-Weeder Susan , Willis Danny G. , Leveillee Mary
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND:

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) identifies key features of binge eating (BE) to include the consumption of a large amount of food and the perception of loss of control (LOC) over eating during a distinct episode. While earlier research has focused on food consumption, findings are now emerging on the role of LOC associated with the BE episodes, particularly in women. However, it is unclear that these findings are applicable to men without knowing how men experience LOC associated with BE.

AIMS:

This study examined how college-age men describe LOC associated with BE.

METHOD:

Previously collected qualitative data from a study examining BE in college age-students were used to examine responses from 53 men (mean age 19.9 ± 1.1 [ SD] years). Respondents were asked about their individual experiences of LOC associated with BE episodes. Data were analyzed using content analysis.

RESULTS:

Four categories emerged from the data: (1) keep eating, (2) can’t stop, (3) without thinking, and (4) food so good.

CONCLUSIONS:

Findings extend the current understanding of LOC associated with BE in men and point to potential gender differences, and/or weight influences, based on previous reports. Identified categories may be potentially targeted areas for tailored therapy to enhance awareness and self-regulation of BE behavior.
Adaptive neuro-fuzzy interface system and neural network modeling for the drying kinetics of instant controlled pressure drop treated parboiled rice
Authors: Chakraborty Sourav , Gautam Swapnil Prashant , Sarma Mausumi , Hazarika Manuj Kumar
Published: January 2021

Hot air drying kinetics of paddy grains during instant controlled pressure drop (ICPD) assisted parboiling process and its impact on the quality and micro-structural properties of milled rice were investigated. Among five mathematical models, Midilli model showed best fitted outcomes for prediction of adequate drying behavior. For the mapping of moisture ratio (MR) as a function of treatment pressure (TP), decompressed state duration (DD) and drying time (DT), artificial neural network (ANN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy interface system (ANFIS) were applied. ANFIS model (5-5-5) with Gaussian membership function demonstrated best performance when contrasted with 3-5-1 ANN architecture. Effective diffusivity of the drying process varied from 2.8 × 10−09 to 7.0 × 10−09 m2/s with the increase of TP and DD. In comparison of quality parameters with the variation of TP and DD, positive impacts on head rice yield (HRY), redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) values and negative consequences on cooking time (CT) and brightness (L*) value were observed. The outcomes additionally uncovered that parboiled rice obtained at 0.6 MPa TP, indicated best quality in terms of improved process performance, HRY, CT, color and micro-structural properties.
LF NMR spectroscopy analysis of water dynamics and texture of Gluten-Free bread with cricket powder during storage
Authors: Kowalczewski Przemysław Łukasz , Walkowiak Katarzyna , Masewicz Łukasz , Smarzyński Krzysztof , Thanh-Blicharz Joanna Le , Kačániová Miroslava , Baranowska Hanna Maria
Published: January 2021

The paper presents the effect of replacing starch (at 2%, 6% and 10%) with cricket powder (CP) on the water behavior studied by the 1H NMR method, as well as the texture of gluten-free bread during 6-day storage. It was noticed that the bread crumb containing CP has lower water transport rate than the control bread crumb, while concluding that 2% CP stabilizes water transport throughout the entire staling time range. The NMR analyzes showed that the initial T21 values are the higher, the more starch has been replaced with the CP, however, after 6 days of storage, all tested samples are characterized by similar values of the T21 parameter. A decrease in long component of spin-spin relaxation time T22 during storage was also observed. It has been noted that the replacement of starch to 2% and 6% CP causes an increase in the molecular dynamics of water. The less starch present, the greater the potential for bulk molecules to move. The observed changes at the molecular level resulted in macroscopic changes in the texture of the bread. After analyzing the hardness parameter of the tested breads, it was found that on the day of baking, bread without the addition of CP had significantly higher values of this parameter than breads with CP. For the sample without CP, the highest increase in total hardness change (123.93%) was noted during storage, which indicates the fastest texture change process. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the use of cricket powder to enrich gluten-free bread can not only improve the nutritional value, but also effectively delay the process of bread staling.
Primordial Odontogenic Tumor of Anterior Maxilla in a Young Male: A Case Report and an Updated Review of Literature
Authors: Naina Sivakumar , Narwal Anjali , Devi Anju , Kamboj Mala , Pandiar Deepak
Published: January 2021

Primordial odontogenic tumor (POT) is a recently designated benign mixed epithelial and mesenchymal odontogenic tumor and only sixteen cases have been reported worldwide till now. Here we report an another case of POT in a 14–year old boy who presented with an asymptomatic buccal enlargement in the right maxillary region for past 4–5 months. A well-defined, unilocular, radiolucent lesion with impacted teeth was observed radiographically. A detailed account of clinico-radiographical and histolological differential diagnoses along with an updated literature review has been presented.