bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Տնտեսության բարդության վերլուծությունը ՀՀ և տարածաշրջանային երկրների օրինակով / Analysing Economic Complexity on the Example of RA
and Regional Countries.
Authors: AGHABEKYAN EDGAR , ARTASHYAN ARGAM
Published: January 2025

This paper aims to clarify the concept
of economic complexity and its significance in today’s globalized
economy. It analyzes the Economic Complexity Index (ECI) and
related indicators for the Republic of Armenia and other countries
in the region to elucidate the comparative advantages, challenges,
and opportunities facing these economies. The paper explores
economic complexity through the Economic Complexity Index
(ECI) to study export diversification and economic complexity of
different states. Along with the ECI, the analysis includes key
innovation indicators such as high-tech exports, patents and
research and development (R&D) expenditure to provide an
overall picture of the dynamics of the economy. The findings
reveal disparities in economic complexity across countries,
emphasising the importance of understanding the challenges and
opportunities faced by different regions.
Strategic Priorities of Mining and Metallurgical Enterprises of Kazakhstan
Authors:   NPJSC «Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University», MAGZUMOVA Lazzat , BITENOVA Bagdat ,   NPJSC «Medical University of Karaganda», LUSTOV Nikolay ,   NPJSC «Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University», JAKUPOVA Dinara ,   NPJSC «Medical University of Karaganda», ONGARBAYEVA Aiman ,   NPJSC «Medical University of Karaganda»
Published: January 2025

The relevance of the study is dictated by the increasing role of the mining and
metallurgical complex in the implementation of the long-term low-carbon development strategy
of Kazakhstan. The article is devoted to the transformation of mining and metallurgical
enterprises in the context of increasing competition in the global market for mineral raw
materials and the aggravation of the geopolitical situation. Research has established that the
development trends of the mining and metallurgical complex of Kazakhstan generally correspond
to global trends in scientific and technological development, digital transformation of
industrial enterprises for the transition to a qualitatively new technological level. The authors
focused attention on the accumulated problems of enterprises in Kazakhstan in the context of
their participation in creating a circular economy. Systemic problems hampering the technical
progress of enterprises have been identified. It is shown that in order to increase investment
attractiveness and compliance with ESG principles, enterprises need to increase the disclosure
and information openness of information about corporate governance. New directions
for the development of intra-country value in the mining and metallurgical complex are substantiated.
The prospects for the mining and metallurgical complex in the field of critical raw
materials are presented. The role of state regulation of the sphere of subsoil use and taxation
of enterprises in the medium and long term is considered. The results of the study may be of
interest to government agencies taking proactive measures to transform the industrial sector,
and enterprises aimed at strengthening their international ositions.
Model of JSON To XML Format Conversion Based on XSD Data Structure Extraction
Authors:   NPJSC «Al-Farabi Kazakh National University», MUKHITOVA Aigul , YERIMBETOVA Aigerim ,   Institute of Information and Computational Technologies, BARAKHNIN Vladimir ,   Novosibirsk State University
Published: January 2025

Currently, the most common data formats for storing and processing data in web
systems are JSON and XML. To ensure good compatibility and integration between different
systems and applications, many industry standards and protocols prefer to use XML as the
main data exchange format. JSON to XML transformations will allow convenient processing
and transfer of structured data between different systems and devices. The goal of this work
is to develop a model for JSON to XSD and XML output transformations that allows correct
processing of data when transformed in both directions without changing the structure of the
JSON document. The research method is based on the approach of finding and merging similar
subgraphs within a graph of the same type, while the compared subgraphs have different
types, the type is not extended by using the merge operation. The problem of differing structures
and specifications of data formats is solved by developing a transformation model that
takes into account the specificity of the particular data and the needs of the application.
Method for Increasing the Linearity of The Phase in The Approximation Phase On 5G Antennas Using Modified Functions of The Subtractors
Authors:   Academy of National Security Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan, YERZHAN Assel , NAKISBEKOVA Balausa ,   NPJSC «Almaty University of Power Engineering and Telecommunications named after Gumarbek Daukeyev», MANBETOVA Zhanat ,   NCJSC «S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical Research University», BOIKACHEV Pavel ,   Military Academy of the Republic of Belarus, NUSSIBALIYEVA Arailym ,   NPJSC «Almaty University of Power Engineering and Telecommunications named after Gumarbek Daukeyev»
Published: January 2025

The possibility of reducing the phase distortion of the signal spectra in the input
paths at the stage of approximation of frequency characteristics is shown. Noticeable progress
in the technology of satellite and mobile telecommunications systems, as well as in radar
systems, is largely associated with the use of broadband and ultra-broadband signals. Thus,
in 2012-2013, the development of Wideband High Frequency (WBHF) radio technology (hereinafter
referred to as broadband HF (HF) radio communication) took place in the direction of
increasing data transmission rates over HF (HF) radio channels to meet the needs of subscribers
of the armed forces of NATO countries. The development of broadband HF (HF) radio
communication has led to the revision of the following NATO standards and their release in a
new edition:
- MIL-STD-188-110C «Interoperability and operational requirements for data modems»,
03.01.2012;
- MIL-STD-188-141C «Functional compatibility and operational requirements for medium and
high frequency radio frequency systems», 12/27/2011.
The work carried out experiments to compare frequency characteristics. The changes are also
related to the introduction of broadband HF (HF) radio communication technology, which defines
a family of broadband modulation types for a radio channel with the necessary bandwidth
of the end-to-end amplitude-frequency response (AFC) of the transceiver path from 3 kHz to
24 kHz in 3 kHz increments.
Investigation of A Low-Temperature Engine with External Heat Supply Operating According to The Stirling Thermal Cycle
Authors:   NPJSC «Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University», MEHTIEV Ali , MEHTIEV Ruslan ,   NCJSC «S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical Research University», ANSAPOV Arystanbek ,   NCJSC «S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical Research University», LUKUTIN Boris ,   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, KAZAMBAYEV Ilyas ,   NCJSC «S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical Research University»
Published: January 2025

The design of an external heat input motor (EHIM) that operates according to the
Stirling cycle is considered. This engine can convert low-temperature heat from 40 to 100°C
into mechanical energy and then into electricity. Such an engine is effective for off-grid power
supply, especially in remote areas where access to electricity is difficult. We propose a
modernization of the design by increasing the volume of the displacer, resulting in a lower
operating temperature of the heater. Experimental results presented in the paper confirm the
efficiency of this design in converting low-potential heat, which makes it promising for use in
autonomous power systems.
Speech Recognition Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors:   NPJSC «Kazakh National Women's Pedagogical University», MEKEBAYEV Nurbapa , DARKENBAYEV Dauren ,   NPJSC «Al-Farabi Kazakh National University», ALTYBAY Arshyn ,   nstitute of Mathematics and Mathematical Modeling
Published: January 2025

The goals of speech recognition technology are defined. Machine learning algorithms
used for speech recognition. Speech recognition is the process of converting spoken speech
into text that allows machines to transcribe human speech. Speech recognition research covers
a wide range of subject areas, including computer technology, artificial, intelligence, digital,
signal, processing, pattern recognition, acoustics, linguistics, and cognitive science. Our
speech consists of many frequencies at the same time. The study trained and tested these
two models in speech recognition using Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) and Gaussian Mixture
Models (GMMs). During the experiment, Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) showed good results.
A Neglected Armenian Source of the Late Umayyad Era
Authors: Greenwood Tim , Grant Alasdair , Hagan Kieran , Pecorini Goodall Leone , Read Lewis
Published: January 2025

The Armenian Martyrdom of Vahan of Gołt‘n, composed in 744 CE, offers a fresh perspective from which to study the Umayyad caliphate. A sophisticated literary composition assembled in a monastic context, the Martyrdom traces contemporary networks of power, communication, and knowledge within and beyond Armenia. As a product of the late Umayyad world, it constitutes a work of major significance for the study of the Umayyad caliphate at large and the caliphal North in particular during the first half of the eighth century. The Martyrdom reveals contemporary Armenian perceptions of Umayyad hegemony, including ʿaṭā (stipend) payments, public executions, conversions, apostasy, contemporary apologetics, and the nature of Caliph Hishām’s court at Ruṣāfa. At the same time, it portrays members of the Armenian elite, lay and clerical, reacting in different ways to new political circumstances. The present article provides the first annotated English translation and extensive thematic introduction to the Martyrdom of Vahan of Gołt‘n, with the aim of making the text accessible to Islamicists and thereby integrating this rich source into discussions of the late Umayyad era.
Penerapan Sanksi Pidana Bagi Pelaku Tindak Pidana Peretasan (Studi Kasus Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Cikarang Nomor 515/Pid.Sus/2021/PN Ckr)
Authors: Tanjung Bitus , Miharja Marjan
Published: January 2025

Kemajuan ilmu dan teknologi ikut membuat jenis dan bentuk kejahatan semakin canggih, ragam, rumit, dan sulit di pecahkan. Tak hanya itu, kejahatan yang sering terjadi juga makin mengabaikan batas-batas negara. fenomena kejahatan siber (cybercrime) yang sedang berkembang saat ini adalah peretasan (hacking). Peretasan (hacking) adalah suatu proses menganalisis, memodifikasi, menerobos masuk ke dalam komputer maupun jaringan komputer baik untuk memperoleh keuntungan maupun dimotivasi oleh tantangan. Rumusan dalam penelitian ini yaitu bagaimana  Penerapan sanksi pidana bagi pelaku tindak pidana peretasan dan bagaimana Analisa pertimbangan hakim Pengadilan Negeri Cikarang dalam menjatuhkan putusan 515/Pid.Sus/2021/PN Ckr. Metode yang digunakan oleh penulis yaitu penelitian yuridis normatif atau penelitian hukum kepustakaan yaitu suatu metode penelitian di mana hukum dikonsepkan sesuai dengan yang tertulis di dalam undang-undang dilakukan berdasarkan bahan hukum utama dengan cara menelaah konsep-konsep, teoriteori, asas-asas hukum dan peraturan perundang-undangan. Hasil yang diperoleh dari hasil penelitian yaitu tindakan peretasan sebagaimana terdapat dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 Tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik, tindak pidana hacking diatur dalam pasal 30 ayat (1), (2), (3). Mengenai sanksi pidana yang diterapkan tertuang dalam Pasal 46 ayat (1), (2), (3) Undang-undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik. Dalam undang-Undang ITE juga melakukan pemberatan penjatuhan pidana atas tindakan peretasan, yaitu sesuai dengan objek dan subjek tindakan peretasannya. Berdasarkan objek peretasannya diberatkan dengan Pasal 52 ayat (2) Undang-Undang ITE, yaitu pemberatan penjatuhan hukuman pidana apabila objek diretas adalah sistem elektronik yang dimiliki oleh pemerintah atau sistem yang dipergunakan untuk pelayanan publik.
Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment and Control of Hypertension in Residents’ Sample of Luanda, Angola
Authors: Muela Henrique Cotchi Simbo , Francisco Angelina Clara Cassoma , Passassi Guilherme , Francisco António Gerson Bastos , Lopes Isaura da Conceição Almeida , Da Silva Amílcar Bernardo Tomé , Ricardo João Adilson Gama
Published: January 2025

Hypertension (HTN) is an important risk factor for cardiovascular complications and is considered a public health problem worldwide. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of HTN in a population sample in Luanda, Angola. A cross-sectional study was carried out which included 1480 individuals, between May 2018 and June 2019; we recruited participants at three different points of the city. Blood pressure (BP) was measured with semi-automatic device (Omron®, EM-7131-E). For each participant, three BP measurements were taken after 5 minutes resting and the mean of the two last measurements was used for systolic and diastolic BP. HTN was defined as BP ≥140/90 mmHg or use of antihypertensive drugs. The sample included mostly young people (39.7±11.6 years old) and male (69.3%). HTN prevalence was 34.9%; 47.4% of patients were aware of their condition; 36.8% were taking medication and of these only 35.8% had BP under control. There was a positive correlation between BP and age. The prevalence of HTN was high, almost half of the patients were unaware and, among the hypertensive patients who were under medication, most of them did not have their BP under control. HTN prevalence was high; awareness, treatment and control were low.
Study of the content of phenolic compounds, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the herb Caltha palustris
Authors: Karpiuk Viktoriia , Konechnyi Yulian , Yaremkevych Olena , Karpiuk Ihor , Mylyanych Andriy , Krvavych Anna , Konechna Roksolana
Published: January 2025

The presented research contributes to solving the task of pharmaceutical science in finding new sources of biologically active substances, namely phenolic compounds and flavonoids, which are valuable as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents, as well as further development of new effective substances based on the complex of biologically active compounds of Caltha palustris. An important aspect of the research is that the Caltha palustris grass is a little-studied object, but it has considerable experience of use in ethnomedicine. The extract from Caltha palustris was prepared from dry crushed raw materials using the extractant - water-ethanol solutions of the appropriate concentration (20%, 40%, 70% and 90%) in the ratio of raw extractant 1:10 at room temperature by maceration for 1-3 days. The quantitative content of phenols and flavonoids in the obtained extracts was determined was studied by the spectrophotometric method. The highest content of phenolic compounds(50.51±0.01) and flavonoids (19.85±0.01) was observed in the extract obtained by maceration of Caltha palustris grass using an extractant - 70% water-ethanol solution. Antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH radical (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and the ABTS cation radical (2,2’-Azino-BIS-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid). It was found that 70% and 90% of water-ethanol extracts of Caltha palustris have the highest level of antioxidant action. 70% and 90% Caltha palustris extracts have high antioxidant properties in two indicators of oxidative stress, as they are able to reduce the formation of free radicals in proteins and lipids. 70% and 90% extracts of Caltha palustris on rat liver hepatocytes under conditions of initiation of free radical oxidation in vitro showed antioxidant properties in two indicators of oxidative stress, reducing the level of thiobarbituric acid -active products carbonyl groups of proteins by more than 50% compared to the control. The antimicrobial effect of Caltha palustris extracts was studied. The study of the antimicrobial effect of caltha palustris herb extracts by diffusion into Agar were determined by the presence of Culture growth retardation around the well into which the test extract was introduced. The antimicrobial effect of Caltha palustris extracts was studied. The best antimicrobial effect was shown by 90% extract (for Bacillus cereus 34, Caltha palustris extract 90% (MIC 1:32 (0.00045 g) and Pseudomonas putida PDR 182 (1:4 (0.0036 g) and Caltha palustris extract 70% ( for Candida albicans 139 1:8 (0.0032 g). It is advisable to expand its research on the content of other biologically active compounds and actually deepen the study of the content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, using other methods and approaches.
Simultaneous Analysis of Remogliflozin Etabonate and Vildagliptin in Tablets by HPTLC: Method Development and Validation
Authors: Prajapati Parixit , Kapupara Pankaj , Vekariya Hitesh
Published: January 2025

Recently, Vildagliptin and Remogliflozin together have become a viable treatment choice for diabetes. The invention of HPTLC (High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography) approach for the concurrent measurement of Vildagliptin (VILG) and Remogliflozin (REMO) in both their pure API (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient) forms and in a commercially accessible formulation is shown in the present work. The method is robust, selective, sensitive, and fast. Utilizing a solvent solution consisting of toluene: ethyl acetate: methanol and glacial acetic acid (2.0: 6.0: 0.5: 0.1, v/v/v/v), the separation was successfully accomplished on silica gel F254. The chromatographic bands were observed at a wavelength of 250nm in short-wave ultraviolet light. With retention factor Rf values of 0.36 and 0.71 for REMO and VILG, correspondingly, proposed method showed clearly delineated spots.
Natural Capsaicin, Honey and Its Combinatory effect in Complete Freund's adjuvant Induced Arthritis in Rats
Authors: Kaur Ramandeep , Kumar Pankaj , Lather Amit , Kumar Sachin , Khatri Ramchander , Singh Dharmbir , Kumar Sandeep , Hooda Tanuj
Published: January 2025

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is disease of concern in today’s population, due to their lifestyle, smoking, stress, obesity. As herbal drugs have lesser side effects, and chilli and honey are being used by global population from generations. But as chilli alone could cause burning sensation, very hard to swallow, and excessive use could cause gastric ulceration, but in combination with honey, the burning sensation caused by chilli and honey have healing properties too. Methods: Anti-inflammatory activity of capsaicin was evaluated in Arthritis induced rat models. Result: The reduction in inflammation, Plethysmometer was used to measure inflammation every week, and it showed decline in inflammation, with declining in body weight too. The group of animals where administered dose was hydro-alcoholic extract at 60 mg/ kg with honey after 28 days show no symptoms of arthritis, whereas other groups showed low to mild arthritis but their level of inflammation was very low as compared to positive disease group. Conclusion: At last, it has been concluded that Capsaicin extract if given in combination with honey shows better anti-inflammatory results. But in combination with honey there is better reduction in inflammation due to cytoprotective and wound healing properties.
Role of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IgG, IgA, PMN, Macrophage, and Cortisol on Psychological Stress Mechanisms in Periodontal Disorders
Authors: Prabowo Baby , Melani Maskoen Ani , Budiarto Arief , Setiawatie EM , Ira Komara , Harmaz Yazid , Riyanti Eriska , Irmaleny Irmaleny , suryana Sumantri , Rachman Arif
Published: January 2025

Periodontitis disorders can result in disease Periodontitis is a chronic, destructive, and irreversible inflammatory disease. Stress is a direct cause of periodontal problems which is connected through neuro-immunoendocrinological mechanisms. It can be caused by many things, the discrepancy between expectations and reality, physical pressure, psychological pressure, and others. Stress can cause changes in interleukin expression, hormone expression, protein expression, and the number of PMNs and macrophages. This study used Wistar rats with two treatment groups and one control group with the following conditions: male type, weight 300grams, age 5 months. Each treatment group was exhausted (treadmill) for 15 minutes and rested for 45 minutes and the treatment group was afraid (cats as predators of mice). Statistically, the role of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, Ig G, Ig A, PMN, Macrophage, and Cortisol has an effect on periodontitis Overall examination showed that the description of the effect of psychological stress on periodontal disorders in Wistar rats. The highest IL-1β expression on the first day of running (L1) and the predator treatment (P1) on the first day also showed a high value, the role of IL-1β as the main biomarker of the effects of chronic stress. is by increasing IL-1β converting these inflammatory signals into nerve signals and with the endocrine system (melatonin and cortisol) to compensate. In conclusion, the Widening of the periodontal tissue under stress conditions as a marker of periodontal disorders in Wistar rats shows the main role of all variables in the mechanism of psychological stress in periodontal disorders.
YouTube, un nuevo espacio para la crítica cinematográfica. Análisis de los canales más populares en lengua castellana
Authors: López Redondo Isaac , Sussi Oliveira Julieti
Published: January 2025

La crítica cinematográfica tradicional ha encontrado un nuevo espacio de difusión en YouTube. En él, a sus características propias ha sumado la interacción y la participación activa de los usuarios y generado un nuevo contenido de carácter audiovisual, con un lenguaje más ameno y entretenido, pero sin olvidar los rasgos habituales del género. Los datos han sido obtenidos a partir del análisis de contenido de los cuatro canales de crítica cinematográfica en lengua castellana con más actividad y mayor número de seguidores. Esta plataforma, donde el crítico demuestra un profundo conocimiento sobre la materia, favorece la cercanía con el público a través de un formato audiovisual innovador que viene a cubrir el vacío existente en la televisión tradicional sobre cinematografía en general y sobre crítica en particular.
Effects of nanoencapsulated essential oil blend in diet of Lohmann Brown hens on posture percentage, quality and egg oxidative stability
Authors: Mendoza–Ordoñez Gilmar , Callacná–Custodio Miguel , Armas–Azabache Vanessa , Loyaga–Cortéz Bruno , Ybañez–Julca Roberto , Asunción–Alvarez Daniel , Saavedra–Sarmiento Hugo , Rodriguez–Vargas Aníbal
Published: January 2025

Essential oils have demonstrated beneficial effects on the productive parameters of poultry. However, the impact of nanoencapsulated essential oil blends (N–EOs) in the diet of laying hens has been little described. The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of mixtures of N–EOs in diets of Lohmann Brown hens on the percentage of laying, quality, and oxidative stability of the egg product. 600 birds were randomly distributed into five groups (n=150 per group), according to a completely randomized design, receiving the control group (T0) a conventional diet without N–EOs while the experimental groups received mixtures of N–EOs based on soursop (S), lemon (L) and eucalyptus (E) in different proportions: T1 (S: 33.4 , L:33.3%, E:33.3%), T2 (S:50%, L:25%, E:25%), T3 (S:25%, L:50%, E:25%) and T4 ( S:25%, L:25%, E:50%). The results showed that the T4 group showed the highest posture rate compared to the T2 and T3 groups (P<0.05), although it was similar to T0 and T1. Comparatively, the feed conversion was better in the T4 treatment compared to T0 (P<0.05). The analysis of egg quality showed that the T1 and T2 treatments reached a greater shell thickness (mm) compared to the group with conventional diet (P<0.05). The oxidative stability of the egg yolk evaluated through the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), showed that both the T1 and T4 groups had lower levels of MDA (P>0.05) compared to the standard diet (T0). In conclusion, diets with N–EOs constitute a promising option that favors feed conversion, laying percentage, and greater shell thickness of the eggs of laying hens.
Comparación de parámetros productivos de vacas Bos taurus × Bos indicus en sistemas semi estabulados y extensivos en el trópico de Oxapampa, Perú
Authors: Rodríguez–Vargas Aníbal , Barrón–López José , Meza–Rojas Elmer , Mendoza–Ordoñez Gilmar , Tantahuillca–Landeo Folke , Vargas–Gonzales Francisco
Published: January 2025

El objetivo del estudio fue comparar los parámetros productivos de vacas Bos taurus × Bos indicus en sistemas de producción semi estabulado y extensivo en tres localidades del trópico alto de Oxapampa, Perú. Se evaluaron 325 vacas criollas provenientes de 18 unidades agropecuarias, analizando los siguientes parámetros: producción diaria de leche (PDL), peso al nacimiento (PN), duración de la lactancia (DL), peso al destete (PAD), tasa de permanencia en el fundo (TPVF) y porcentaje de vacas en producción (PVP). No se encontraron diferencias significativas (P=0,4998) en la PDL según la procedencia de los animales (distritos de Oxapampa, Chontabamba y Huancabamba) ni según el sistema de manejo (P=0,0808). Sin embargo, el sistema semi estabulado presentó una PDL significativamente mayor (9,32 ± 0,72 L) en comparación con el sistema extensivo (4,78 ± 1,57 L; P=0,0001). De igual manera, el PN y el PAD fueron superior en el sistema semi estabulado en comparación al extensivo (38,08 ± 0,91 kg vs. 35,59 ± 1,35 kg; P=0,0154) y (161,72 ± 4,37 kg vs. 149,25 ± 2,66 kg; P=0,0002), respectivamente. La DL también fue significativamente mayor (P=0,0085) en el sistema semi estabulado (192,79 ± 10,87 días;) frente al sistema extensivo (173,22 ± 5,23 días). Estos resultados denotan la importancia de adoptar sistemas semi intensivos en zonas tropicales para mejorar la eficiencia productiva, contribuyendo con la sostenibilidad y rentabilidad de los sistemas ganaderos.
Our experience of buffalo improvement in India: last 50 years journey
Authors: Datta T. K.
Published: January 2025

Man has always been searching for an Elixir to free him from all suffering. Though unsure of the existence of such an elixir, India’s ancient scriptures have identified it as ‘Milk’. India’s story as the largest producer of milk is eventful. There was a phase when the country’s milk production hit an all-time low, a mere 17 million Tonnes (mT) in 1950. In 1970, with Operation Flood under the leadership of Verghese Kurien, India embarked on a journey to create history by replicating the dairy cooperatives, ushering in a transformation in the sector popularly known as the ‘white revolution.’ In 2022, India produced a record of 221 mT of milk. In India, 31.58% of the total milk production is contributed by Indigenous Buffaloes, and non-descript buffaloes contribute to 13.49% of the total milk production in the country, making it a total of 45.07% by buffaloes alone. It is well documented that buffaloes are efficient milk producers and the most preferred animal over cattle in many parts of the country owing to their superior quality of milk, disease resistance, longer productive life, and higher milk productivity. India holds the world’s largest buffalo population, with 109.85 million headcounts, constituting 20.45% of the livestock population. India has a rich genetic diversity of buffaloes with 20 registered breeds, with Murrah as the most prominent breed (42% of the total buffalo population). However, it faces challenges concerning low artificial insemination (AI) coverage (~40% of breedable females), demand gap of frozen semen doses, realized genetic gain, scarce fodder availability, and market linkages. With the small-holder farming system ( ≤ 10 cows & buffaloes/unit) being the most popular in India, the joint efforts by the Government of India, ICAR institutes such as CIRB, National Dairy institutes, and various research organizations have led to the science-driven transformation of the dairy sector. Research at ICAR-CIRB continuously emphasizes essential dimensions like genetic improvement of prominent breeds of buffalo, dissemination of high genetic merit germplasm to farmers, use of advanced reproduction biotechnologies for faster multiplication of superior germplasm, developing improved feeding modules for efficient production while reducing the methane emission and capacity enhancement of buffalo farmers, young entrepreneurs, and researchers. Alongside the dairy sector, buffaloes have a significant role in India’s meat production and export system. Total Buffalo meat production in the country is 1584.65 thousand Tonnes, which is being exported to more than 70 countries in the world. Though there are particular challenges for the overall development of buffalo production in India, the present-day progress and the future opportunities for scientific interventions through collaborative efforts have the potential to open new avenues for buffalo development and make this species the most economical food animal.
Genetic, hereditary and congenital diseases in buffaloes: are they a limiting factor for the buffalo development in Latin America?
Authors: Gomes Vale William , Florisbal Damé Maria Cecília
Published: January 2025

Along with the exponential growth of the buffalo population in Latin America (12 percent annually), for a population of 6 million head, the problems derived from inbreeding have increased as the national herd, estimated at 3.0 million heads by the Brazilian Association of Buffalo Breeders, come from just over 200 imported animals. Importing animals from the Asian continent was suspended in 1956 for sanitary reasons (rinderpest). 1962, this prohibition was broken, and some buffaloes were brought from India. After that date, there was no official importation of genetic material from Asia; it was only in 1989 that some animals of the Mediterranean, Murrah, and Jafarabadi breeds were imported from Italy and Bulgaria, and currently, semen of Murrah and Jafarabadi breeds have not been imported from any country. Genetic, hereditary, and congenital disabilities, complete or partial, are characterized by abnormalities in the structure and/or function of tracts or organs, complete system or parts of them. These problems have been identified in Brazil and other countries of Latin America (Vale, 1998; Damé, 2013), where more than 40 cases of different simi-lethal and lethal cases have been diagnosed, which were for the first time scientifically studied and published discribing the presence of undesirable genes in buffaloes due to the inbreeding existing in the buffalo Brazilian population. On the existence of inbreeding problems in buffalo herds in Brazil, many authors claimed the leading cause of the reduced number of animals that gave the origin of the different herds (the founder element) of the different breeds was composed of a reduced number of animals imported from the origin countries. Therefore, proof of genetic origin is necessary since most hereditary diseases are transmitted by recessive genes, which must be identified due to the extreme importance of animal production in every domes-tic species. While it becomes difficult to identify and eliminate animals carrying these genes due to the high cost resulting from the laboratory for diagnosis and animal elimination, the problem has been neglected and is continuously spreading and increasing. Once such problems occur in any animal species, those abnormalities/diseases must be identified since it is essential to determine the occurrence, prevalence, epidemiology, clinical symptoms, pathology, and distribution of the genes observed among the population, which must be screened in order to subsequently identified of kinship and set up a development control strategies through the use of breeding animals proven to be free of these undesirable genes, in order to control and eliminate such kind of diseases.
輔導醫事職類建立核心能力及關鍵性專業能力指標之經驗
Authors: 陳靜純 陳靜純 , Ching-Chun Chen 陳再晉 , 吳明順 吳明順 , 粟發滿 粟發滿
Published: January 2025

能力導向醫學教育(competency-based medical education, CBME)在近半個世紀以來，被倡導為醫學教育的主流。為增進醫師以外之各職類醫事人員之學（公）會就各該職類的CBME、可信任專業活動(entrustable professional activities, EPAs)發展之共識，本團隊協同14個職類之學（公）會，擬定其專屬之核心、次核心能力及EPAs，並研訂CBME訓練之展開架構。透過專案小組會議，彙整14職類醫事人員學（公）會代表的建言，以及辦理PGY師資培訓課程的討論回饋，促成各醫事職類發展CBME之共識。惟，各訓練醫院可就學（公）會發展的EPA為基礎，調整修正為符合個別化需求的內容，並據以制定其臨床醫事人員訓練計畫。

本文希望能為CBME課程的設計者，提供推動CBME訓練的策略規劃及相關經驗。期有助於持續推廣及深化CBME、EPAs的理念與應用，落實CBME理念之訓練模式，達成精進臨床醫事人員訓練之目標。

 

Competency-based medical education (CBME) has been promoted as the future of medical education for nearly half a century. To establish consensus regarding the development of CBME and entrustable professional activities (EPAs) among professional associations across healthcare disciplines, our team collaborated with 14 healthcare professional associations to propose core competencies, sub-core competencies, and EPAs and design a framework for implementing CBME training. Through task force meetings, feedback from healthcare association representatives, and discussions during PGY faculty training courses, a consensus was reached on CBME development across healthcare disciplines. Training hospitals can modify the EPAs provided by professional associations to meet their specific needs and develop clinical training programs for their trainees.

This article offers strategic planning and relevant insights to facilitate the implementation of CBME curriculums. Strengthening the understanding and application of CBME and EPAs can ensure the effective integration of CBME principles into training models, enhancing educational options for clinical healthcare professionals.

 
導入可信賴的專業活動於呼吸治療職類新進人員訓練
Authors: 周蘭娣 周蘭娣 , 方瑱珮 方瑱珮 , 李昆達 李昆達 , Kun-Dar Li 楊式興 , 劉金蓉 劉金蓉 , 朱家成 朱家成 , 蕭秀鳳 蕭秀鳳
Published: January 2025

隨著醫學教育由傳統的時間為主導模式轉向以結果為導向，呼吸治療專業也開始推動CBME來評估和提升專業能力。自2018年起，中華民國呼吸治療師公會全國聯合會與台灣呼吸治療學會推動以EPAs為核心的訓練模式，並經過專家會議選定了11項與成人呼吸照護相關的EPAs，涵蓋了臨床工作、跨領域合作、專業素養等核心能力。儘管受COVID-19疫情影響曾一度中斷推動，但也促使小組進一步反思並強化訓練內容。推動過程中的挑戰主要集中在評量設計、師資培訓以及資料分析等方面，但透過競賽與合作，成功地推動了多場EPAs相關活動並提高了學員的理解與接受度。

EPAs的導入有助於新進人員的訓練與專業能力驗證，並透過多元評估方法提升臨床安全性與有效性。儘管挑戰仍在，但隨著師資培訓與評估機制的完善，EPAs將成為呼吸治療領域中提升整體臨床水平的重要工具。

 

While medical education transitions from a conventional time-based model to an outcomes-based approach, the respiratory therapy profession has begun implementing competency-based medical education to evaluate and enhance professional competencies. Since 2018, the Respiratory Therapists Society of the Republic of China and the Taiwan Society for Respiratory Therapy have promoted a training model centered on Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs). In expert meetings, these organizations selected 11 EPAs related to adult respiratory care for implementation, which involved core competencies such as clinical practice, interdisciplinary collaboration, and professional literacy. Although the implementation process was temporarily disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, this period prompted further reflection and improvement of the training content by the team. Challenges during the implementation primarily comprised assessment design, faculty training, and data analysis. However, through competitions and collaborative initiatives, several EPA-related activities were organized, enhancing trainees’ understanding and acceptance.

The introduction of EPAs has facilitated the training and competency validation of newly recruited personnel, improving clinical safety and efficiency using diverse assessment methods.Although challenges persist, the refinement of faculty training and evaluation mechanisms positions EPAs as a critical tool for advancing overall clinical standards in the field of respiratory therapy.

 
學術-住院病人不預期心跳停止之預測因子
Authors: 游文英 游文英 , 洪嫦巧 洪嫦巧 , 張家豪 張家豪 , Zhang Jiahao 周俊志
Published: January 2025

目的：探討住院病人院內心臟驟停(in-hospital cardiac arrest, IHCA)的預測因子。

方法：收集一般病房經歷IHCA與非IHCA的230名病人進行病歷對照研究，數據收集包括人口統計學特徵、疾病診斷、實驗室數據和生理參數，使用t檢定、卡方和邏輯斯迴歸進行分析。

結果：研究結果顯示個案資料主要為男性，平均年齡70.9歲。性別、心房顫動、心臟衰竭、末期腎病、鉀離子、白血球、IHCA前8小時的血氧濃度、以及IHCA前16和24小時的改良式早期預警評分是IHCA的預測因子。

結論：建議臨床上各醫院都應發展臨床早期警訊系統，內容包含生命徵象變化、檢驗數值的異常，亦可加入病人疾病特性進行評分，盡早發現與處理異常變化，降低嚴重不良事件發生。

 

Objective: To explore the predictors of in-hospital cardiac arrest(IHCA) in hospitalized patients.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of 230 general ward patients was conducted to compare individuals who experienced IHCA with those who did not. Data on demographics,diagnoses, laboratory results, and physiological parameters were analyzed using a ttest, chi-square test, and logistic regression.

Results: The results revealed that most patients were male, with an average age of 70.9 years. Predictors of IHCA comprised sex, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, end-stage renal disease, potassium level, white blood cell count, blood oxygen saturation within 8 hours before IHCA, and modified early warning scores at 16 and 24 hours prior to IHCA.

Conclusion: It is recommended that hospitals develop clinical early warning systems that incorporate changes in vital signs and abnormal laboratory values. These systems could also include patient-specific disease characteristics for scoring, enabling the early detection and management of abnormal changes, reducing the incidence of adverse events.

 
品質-提升癌症登記編碼品質審查之時效
Authors: 陳㻰玫 陳㻰玫 , 陳嬿晴 陳嬿晴 , 林嘉淦 林嘉淦 , 周梅卿 周梅卿 , 羅靖淳 羅靖淳 , 鄭景元 鄭景元 , 季懋欣 季懋欣
Published: January 2025

癌症登記編碼正確性對於國家衛生政策至關重要，本院編碼審查過程耗時，經過一個月的審查表格回收率為53%，而全部完成需要兩個月。本專案目的在於提高癌症登記編碼品質審查的效率，確認影響審查進度的因素，使用SIPOC模型說明癌症登記編碼品質審查工作流程，並與跨領域專家合作擬定改善對策，期望提升整個審查過程的效率。

以使用者為中心思考，結合雲端導入電子病歷、強化醫院虛擬私人網路(Virtual Private Network, VPN)加密通道使用、設定自動發送審查通知簡訊、癌症期別自動組合，實現智能化審查流程。最終，成功將整體病歷審查時間由之前的19,199分鐘降低至7,048分鐘，達成改善目標。除此之外，節省相關成本，符合環境、社會和公司治理的期望。這項改善計畫不僅提升審查效率，還推動院方的無紙化作業，為未來的醫療資訊化水平提升和癌症診療品質提供了堅實基礎。

 

Accurate cancer registration coding is crucial fornational health policies. However, the review process at the study hospital has proven to be time-consuming, with a form return rate of only 53% after 1 month and a total review time of 2 months. This project aimed to enhance the efficiency of the cancer coding reviews by identifying factors hindering progress, and mapping workflows using the suppliers, inputs, process, outputs, customers (SIPOC) model, and collaborating with crossdisciplinary experts to develop improvement strategies.

The intelligent review process was achieved by adopting a user-centered approach that integrated cloud-based electronic medical records, strengthened the use of encrypted virtual private network (VPN) channels, automated review notifications through text messages, and combined cancer staging automatically. These innovations reduced the review time from 19,199 to 7,048 minutes, which met our improvement goals. The project also generated cost savings and aligned with environmental, social, and corporate governance standards. In addition to improving efficiency, this initiative advanced paperless hospital operations, establishing a foundation for future medical informatization and enhancing cancer diagnosis and treatment quality.

 
運用跨團隊合作提升住院病人PRN藥囑之給藥安全
Authors: 陳怡靜 陳怡靜 , Yi-Ching Chen 蔡佩璇 , 鄭文韋 鄭文韋 , 王詩涵 王詩涵 , Emma Wang 沈玫秋 , 王雅玲 王雅玲 , Ya-Ling Wang 蔡明儒 , 楊璦瑜 楊璦瑜
Published: January 2025

目的：住院病人的PRN藥囑（需要時使用），帶來臨床的便利性，但若給藥間隔過短或給藥量與長期用藥相加超過每日最大劑量，會是潛在的病人安全問題。

方法：運用問題解決型找出四項真因：PRN藥囑調劑流程與長期藥囑相同、缺乏PRN藥囑再次給藥間隔時間檢核機制、給藥後未完成記錄缺乏提醒機制、缺乏 PRN 藥囑給藥總量檢核機制。

結果：住院PRN藥囑之護理給藥異常率改善前為0.85%，給藥錯誤零容忍，挑戰降至0%。改善後為0%。翻轉PRN藥囑調劑給藥流程，減少非必要的程序，住院PRN退藥率由87.7%降至3.6%，減少有形的藥袋列印、無形的作業成本。

結論：本次專案改善後成效良好推廣至體系醫院，持續優化與精進，運用資訊檢核、流程優化以提升醫療品質。

 

Objective: Pro re nata (PRN; “as needed”) medication orders for hospitalized patients offer clinical convenience. Nevertheless, short dosing intervals and dosages that, when combined with long-term medications, exceed the maximum daily dose may pose considerable risks to patient safety.

Methods: A problem-solving model was used to identify four root causes of PRN medication risks to patient safety: the use of the same dosing process for PRN and long-term medication orders, the lack of a mechanism to assess intervals between PRN medication administrations, insufficient reminders to ensure the completion of records following PRN medication administration, and the absence of a system to monitor the total dosage administered from PRN medication orders.

Results: The nursing administration error rate for inpatient PRN medication orders was 0.85% prior to the improvements, with a zero-tolerance policy for errors, aiming to reduce it to 0%. After the improvements, the error rate successfully dropped to 0%. The PRN medication order dosing process was revamped to streamline procedures by removing nonessential steps. Additionally, the return rate for inpatient PRN medications declined from 87.7% to 3.6%, reducing tangible bag printing costs and intangible operational expense.

Conclusion: The project yielded satisfactory results and has been promoted across all hospitals within the system for continuous optimization and refinement. Information verification and process streamlining are utilized to enhance healthcare quality.

 
Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Study of Some Transition Metal Complexes Derived from Coumarin Moiety
Authors: Siddappa K. , Mahadev Krishna
Published: January 2025

Antibiotic resistance and microbial diseases are currently the two biggest problems endangering society's health. In this study, the reaction of 3-Pyridylcarbonylhydrazine with 2-acetyl-3H-benzo[f]chromen-3-one gave the new ligand; N'-(1-(3-oxo-3H-benzo[f]chromen-2-yl)ethylidene)nicotinohydrazide. The Co (II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) complexes have been accomplished with newly synthesized ligand. The structural characterization was achieved using magnetic data, molar conductance and elemental analysis, UV-visible, FT-IR, 1H NMR, and mass spectra to describe the ligand and the complexes. The FT-IR spectral data showed that this caused the ligand to bond with the metal ions in a tridentate way. The UV-visible spectral and magnetic data showed that the complexes exhibit octahedral geometry. The study of antimicrobial action showed that complex formation increased the free ligand activity. The Co(II) and Zn(II) complexes have the potential to be both an effective antifungal and a promising antibacterial agent.
Optimising Project Cost Control Practices for Enhanced Time Efficiency and Quality Delivery in Nigeria’s Construction Industry
Authors: Joseph Abani Alu , Ogedengbe Alaba Dr Frank
Published: January 2025

Nigeria's construction industry grapples with soaring costs, missed deadlines, and poor quality—rooted in ineffective cost-control practices. This study examines the critical role of effective cost-control practices in achieving timely and high-quality project delivery in Nigeria’s construction industry. It addresses challenges such as budget overruns, schedule delays, and quality compromises linked to inadequate cost management practices. The study aims to identify actionable strategies to optimise cost control, focusing on enhancing time efficiency and quality delivery. A qualitative research design was adopted, using semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis to explore stakeholder perspectives on cost management practices. Findings highlight that integrating technology, conducting regular cost variance analyses, and providing targeted training for project managers significantly improve project outcomes. The study recommends leveraging advanced digital tools, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, to optimise cost control practices and ensure sustainability in project delivery. Future research should investigate sector-specific challenges and regional variations to develop tailored strategies for improving cost management practices in Nigeria’s construction industry. These insights contribute to sustainable growth, efficiency, and improved project performance.
ON THE INHERITANCE OF DIGITAL ASSETS
Authors: KHASANSHIN M.R.
Published: January 2025

This article is an attempt to summarize scientific papers on the inheritance of digital assets. Applying general scientific methods of cognition, the author to a certain extent systematized and streamlined the legal material, outlined the parameters of a holistic vision of the problems of the transition of digital assets in the order of universal succession, and offered his own vision of certain aspects of the subject matter. The article is aimed at finding directions for further scientific research in the field of relations under study. The author makes the main conclusion about the heritability of digital assets. At the same time, the creation of technical and legal conditions is currently required to ensure a systematic, balanced and consistent digitalization of inheritance law. The purpose of the study is to develop recommendations for the formation and development of a legal framework in the field of digital asset turnover.
Levinas and Kant: Right, Law, and the Other
Authors: Cohen Richard A.
Published: January 2025

Beyond the deep affinities linking Immanuel Kant’s declared “primacy of practical reason” and Emmanuel Levinas’s “ethics as first philosophy,” these thinkers radically diverge, as do modern rationalism and contemporary phenomenology. The paper shows that Kant, despite his declaration, continues to give primacy to epistemology and reason, as evidenced by the supreme status of law – both in nature, to be sure, and in the autonomy of rational self-legislation. This contrasts with Levinas who recognizes as “original right” a moral imperative more exigent than the rule of law, emanating from the alterity or face of the other person. Such original right orders the self pre-originally or “an-archically” to a moral responsibility to and for the other person before all else. In this way, Levinas, in contrast to Kant, understands the source of intelligibility – including the rationality of logic and science – in and as the goodness of the priority of moral obligation.
How Does the Discourse of War Shape Our Understanding of Justice and Responsibility?
Authors: Bacevičiūtė Danutė
Published: January 2025

This article explores how our understanding of justice and responsibility is shaped by the discourse of war. It begins by highlighting the impotence of the United Nations and other international peacekeeping organisations in the wake of Russia’s war in Ukraine, demonstrating the failure of the “humanitarian turn” in international law and politics. Drawing on Walter Benjamin’s discussion of the law of war, René Girard’s description of the genesis of the legal system, and Emmanuel Levinas’s “law of being”, the author examines the relationship between violence and law, distinguishing two variations of justice: justice as the victor’s justice and justice as the principle of retribution. By discussing the relationship with the Other, the author shows that war destroys not only the otherness of the Other but also one’s own identity, which, in its turn, implies a kind of reciprocity of forces in which, ultimately, no interpersonal relationship remains. The paper argues that the sense of injustice and the demand for justice arise from a much deeper source than the sphere of law and politics. Through an analysis of Emmanuel Levinas’s and Paul Ricœur’s notions of responsibility, it is shown that the relationship between justice and responsibility allows us to conceive of justice as an effort to reconcile two incommensurable demands: equality and proximity to the Other. A comparison of Levinas’s and Ricœur’s positions reveals how the radical (Levinas) and moderate (Ricœur) concepts of the Other are defined in relation to the discourse of war: the radical otherness of the Other implies the irrevocable responsibility of the self, while the moderate otherness of the Other implies responsibility in the form of resistance to the aggressor.