bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran IPA Berbasis Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri Pada Materi Sistem Pencernaan Untuk Melatih Keterampilan Proses Siswa Smp Kelas VIII Dan Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa
Authors: Journal Journal , Layyinati Idzi’
Published: January 2020

Abstract: This research has purpose to produces  learning materials that proper theoritically and empirically that consists of lesson plan, student work sheet, student book on digestive system that supported by increasing of student achievementand student responses towards learning that try process skils with junior high school  research subject in Sidoarjo. This research used 4D development model but this research  did not use dissiminate with one group pretes posttest in try out. Data collecting method, questionnaire, test and observation. Data analysis used qualitative  descriptive technic. Research findings showed that validation of learning materials, namely syllabus, lesson plan, student book, and student worksheet was  82.5%, 91.3%, 80.3%, 85.0%; respectively lesson plan implementation was high and students response very positive (80.3). Learning materials that developed was proper to be used in learning and increased student achievement.
UPAYA KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN KREATIFITAS GURU DI MI MUHAMMADIYAH 15 BANJARWATI PACIRAN LAMONGAN
Authors: M. CHOTIBUDDIN
Published: January 2020

Abstract

:

The aim of this research is to analyze the efforts of Principal in improving the

creativity of teachers in MI Muhammadiyah Lamongan 15 Banjarwati Paciran which was

held in October 2016 and

November 2016. This research uses descriptive research to obtain

data from observation, interview and documentation. The research sample are principals and

all teachers in 15 Banjarwati Paciran MI Muhammadiyah Lamongan. The Efforts that can be

made by the

principal in improving the creativity of teachers are 1) giving reward for

creative teachers. 2) giving the career path 3) giving training systems
1 IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM 2013 DALAM KEGIATAN PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN NEGERI 13 MALANG
Authors: Subhan Adi Santoso
Published: January 2020

Abstract:

Curriculum 2013 consisting of goals, structure and curriculum, educational

calendar and syllabus. Islamic religious education, this time religious teachers should be

aware that there are four trends that will be faced by religion and is a challenge for rel

igious

people as follows: internal diversity, diversity of structural, cultural diversity, criticism of

science. The author will choose a location study at Vocational High School 13 Malang, the

subject of his research is the principal, vice principal part

of the curriculum, Islamic religious

education teachers, and students. In this study the authors used three kinds of data collection

techniques are methods of observation, interviews, documentation methods. The results of the

study as follows: 1. Planning

Islamic Religious Education Learning is a teacher before

committing learning activities in the classroom should be made syllabus and lesson plans. 2.

Implementation of Islamic Religious Education Learning is the implementation phase for the

design drawn up

plans for teachers. 3. Evaluation of Islamic Religious Education Learning is

a measuring instrument to measure the achievement of objectives.
MEMBANGUN SEKOLAH UNGGUL (Perspektif Pendidikan Karakter Berbasis Budaya Sekolah)
Authors: Journal Journal , Bahrus Surur
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Since decades ago, education in Indonesia a lot of emphasis on the acquisition,

development and improvement of the quality of human resources is based on

intellectual intelligence or IQ. The ingenuity and intelligence of a learner or

student is measured by the ability to master the subject matter academically in

school. For children w

ho are morally good not considered intelligent, because

academically not master. He is still considered stupid. The ranking was

measured based on the academic value only.

The issue now is, first, what is

meant by the so

-

called character education as a solu

tion to the deterioration of

this nation? Second, what character education linkages with the school culture?

Third, how to implement the planting of moral values and the spirit of life as the

core of character education in the school culture? As well as in

the form of

school culture that is how that can be applied to learners.
Pengembangan Buku Ajar Akidah Akhlaq Dengan Menggunakan Metode Inkuiri Pada Siswa kelas 2 di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Miftahul Ulum
Authors: Hosaini
Published: January 2020

Abstract: Islamic education learning is learning that has many roles in science,

religion because be a role model all Muslims in the world. Besides, the Islamic

religion can ensure the needs of the Islamic community life in this world and the

Hereafter later. Therefore, it is important in the learning process of Islamic

religious education, a teacher should have a lot of learning materials are varied

and qualified in its implementation. One is a model of cooperative learning

instructional materials in which a teacher is no longer a lecture in teaching but it

was students who many propses an active role in learning and teaching. Long

learning model needs to be updated in order to continue learning to walk properly

and in accordance with the demands of the future will face the students later.

Change is inevitable again, vorefer into the demands of the Islamic Ummah , but

the changes are not out of the rules of the teachings of Islam that has taught him.

That is why it is possible learning materials provides opportunities for Islamic

religious education teachers to always be active in the learning process according

to their individual needs lembanga Islamic education. This study focused on how

the effectiveness of Islamic religious education learning materials with a model

inkuiru? Certainly address this problem requires a learning model that can please

the students learn continuously to obtain the expected results. Students will not be

able to learn seriously as long as there is no motivation given the teacher to the

students, so it turned out not to be enough wit a science teacher who had qualified

without having learning models that support. One satuya to the spirit of learning

that encourages students to learn is a model Inkuiri .
Korelasi Motivasi Belajar Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa Kelas IV Di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Muhammadiyah 04 Blimbing Paciran
Authors: Journal Journal , Suntari Daip
Published: January 2020

Abstract: Learning is an activity that proceeds and is a very fundamental elementin the implementation of each type and level of education. This means that thesuccess or failure of the achievement of the educational objectives depends verymuch on the learning process that students experience when they are at school orin their home or family. Based on the background of the above problem, then theformulation of the problem as follows: What is the learning motivation of studentsof class X Subject PAI In SMKN 13 Malang and Is there a correlation of learningmotivation with student achievement class X Subject PAI In SMKN 13 Malang.The method used in data collection is descriptive method. While the approachtaken is a quantitative approach. Data collection in this study includes literaturestudy and field study. The implementation of this field study involves observationtechniques, interviews, and using data collection instruments in the form ofquestionnaires. Based on the results of correlation analysis obtained 0,538. Inorder for this number to be meaningful, it needs to be interpreted so as to give anexplanation of the correlation between learning motivation and studentachievement, that is by consulting through the value of r on the product momenttable, either with a significance level of 5% or 1%. For more details will beinterpreted r o and r t (table) as follows. At the level of significance of 5% with thenumber of respondents (N) = 22 obtained r t = 0.423, while r o = 0.538. Thus r ois greater than r t or in other words r o> r t. This means indicating a significantor positive correlation between the two variables. At the level of significance of1% with the number of respondents (N) = 22 obtained r t = 0.537, while r o =0.538. Thus r o is greater than r t or in other words r o> r t. This meansindicating a significant or positive correlation between the two variables. So thehypothesis examined that "There is a significant correlation between learningmotivation and learning achievement subjects PAI grade X students in SMKN 13Malang also low.
Kajian Pembelajaran Baca Tulis Al-Qur’an
Authors: Muhammad Aman Ma’mun
Published: January 2020

Abstract:

Preferably the human is the one who learns the Qur'an and teach it. So

learning to read the Qur'an to be conducted early as the provision of life and

afterlife. Learning the Quran as an interaction learning activities also have a

purpose. The purpose of learning the Qur'an is as follows: 1) so that students can

read Quran fluently and correctly according to the recitation. 2) so students can

familiarize the Qur'an in his life. 3) enrich the vocabulary words and sentences

that are beautiful and interesting. In Indonesia there are various methods of

reading the Qur'an as may have been collected by the LITBANG in 1994. A

variety of methods have advantages and disadvantages of each. One method is to

write the Qur'an by dictation. There are four (4) types of dictation that can be

applied to a person according to their cognitive level: Imla’ manqu,

Imla’mandhur, Imla’ ghairu al-mandhur (masmu’), Imla’ ikhtibari.
Peningkatan Kinerja Guru Melalui Supervisi Edukatif Kolaboratif Secara Periodik Di SDN Lamongrejo 4 Ngimbang Lamongan
Authors: Team Editor
Published: January 2020

Abstract:The aim of this study wanted to describe the steps educative

collaborative supervision periodically in preparing lesson plans, implement

lessons, assessing student achievement, conduct follow-up assessments student

achievement that can improve the performance of teachers. This performance

improvement through collaborative educative periodic supervision. This research

was conducted on teachers SDN Lamongrejo 4 Ngimbang Lamongan totaling 10

people. The design of the study is that the plot action research design: make a

action plain, implementing the action, and reflection activities. The reflection is

used as a guide for decision-making to continue or discontinue the study.

Research conducted in the spiral cycles to the second cycle. The research data in

the form of records of observations, field notes, documentation planning and

supervision results. The main data collection instrument was a researcher, while

the supporting instruments is the observation, documentation. Data were analyzed

by qualitative and quantitative techniques. Based on the results of the action

research can be concluded that the improved performance of teachers in

preparing lesson plans, implement lessons, assessing student achievement,

conduct follow-up assessments of student learning achievement. To that end, the

researchers suggested that educative supervision in schools implement

collaborative educative periodic supervision
Analisis Unsur Religius Pada Novel “Dalam Mihrab Cinta” Karya Habiburrahman El - Shirazy
Authors: Maftuhah
Published: January 2020

Abstract:

This study aims to describe the religious element contained in the novel

“Dalam Mihrab Cinta”. This study used a qualitative description of the research.

Qualitative research is used to obtain a picture empirical about religiosity in the

novel “Dalam Mihra

b Cinta” Habiburrahman El

-

Shirazy work. This study uses a

structural approach and pragmatic approach, this analysis can be seen from the

aspect of religion (aqidah, sharia, morals, and jurisprudence) and researchers

trying to find the values contained in t

he novel “Dalam Mihrab Cinta”. Results

from this study are able to analyze the elements of religious values

(aqidah,sharia, and morals) and aimed to introduce the science of jurisprudence

that stirs the soul trough a love story that is so unique and intere

sting to the

reader in the novel “Dalam Mihrab Cinta” Habiburrahman El

-

Shirazy work.
Masa Keemasan Pendidikan Islam (Studi Tentang Peran Khalifah Harun Al - Rasyid Dalam Pendidikan Islam)
Authors: Ali Mustofa
Published: January 2020

Abstract:

The role of the Caliph Harun al

-

Rasyid in Isl

amic education is very

large, including creating a varied curriculum that not only focuses on the

problems of religion that are adapted to the level of education, establishing

Khizanah al

-

Hikmah as an institution of translation, observation and reading

roo

m, building educational institutions , guaranteeing the lives of high

-

paying

educators, utilizing the country's wealth to build educational infrastructure

facilities, cooperating with developed countries to exchange information about

science, developing le

arning systems by developing Islamic education goals.

Scientific treasures really grew rapidly in Baghdad under the rule of Caliph

Harun al

-

Rashid. The era of Caliphate Harun al

-

Rasyid was a golden age in

various fields, ranging from the fields of governme

nt, socio

-

economic,

administration, and the most prominent of science.
Pesantren Sebagai Bentuk Identitas Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Mahrus
Published: January 2020

Abstract:

Islamic boarding school is one of the dominant Islamic education

institutions and emphasizes religious studies that influence and impact the

culture, tradition and preservation of Islamic teachings. Islamic boarding schools

also play a role in the formatio

n of a nation's civilization. Pesantren at this time

must be prepared to face the challenges of globalization and produce graduates

who can compete and fill the global era. For this reason, pesantren must be able

to become institutions that are global in m

ind and have capable resources,

especially in Islamic education. Therefore, it is necessary to change the mindset of

pesantren into a mindset that follows change, which is oriented towards the

creation of graduates who have three abilities, namely: (1) the

ability to survive

(survive) amidst continuous changes and competition, ( 2) the ability to improve

the quality of life (spiritual and physical), (3) the ability to develop and adapt to

the changing demands of the times
The Influence of Guidance To Solve Problem In English Learning at SMP Al Akbar Brondong Lamongan
Authors: Rohmat Qosyim
Published: January 2020

Abstract:

Teachers sometimes are amazed at the extent to which a child’s

undesirable habit patterns can be recondit

ioned through the efforts of

understanding teachers. At the same time, home influences may be so strong that

there is little that teachers and counselors can do for the child unless he can be

removed from unhealthful home surroundings. In most states, the

parents have the

legal right to device where their child shall live. Hence school people are helpless

in such situations unless, by court action, the child is placed in an institution or

foster home because of extreme parental neglect of or cruelty to the

child, or

gross immoral behavior on the part of one or both parents. Based on the

background, the writer wants to do classroom action research with the title “The

Influence of Guidance to Solve Problem in English Learning at SMP Al Akbar

Brondong”
Perjuangan Kesetaraan Gender Tokoh Wanita Dan Nilai Pendidikan Dalam Novel Gadis Kretek Karya Ratih Kumala
Authors: Journal Journal , Maftuhah
Published: January 2020

Abstract: This study aims to describe and explain: (1) the struggle forgender equality of female characters in Ratih Kumala's novel KretekGirl, and (2) educational values in Ratih Kumala's novel Kretek Girl.This type of research is qualitative research. This study used descriptivequalitative method. Qualitative descriptive method is a researchprocedure that produces description data in the form of words. Theresearch data is a novel by Kretek Girl by Ratih Kumala.This study usesa feminism approach to describe the profile of female characters, thestruggle for gender equality, and the sociological approach of literatureto find out about the social conditions of the community in RatihKumala's novel Kretek Girl. The data collection technique used in thisstudy was to read the entire contents of the novel and document analysis.The results of this study are as follows: (1) The struggle for genderequality of female leaders in Ratih Kumala's novel Kretek Gadis isagainst forms of gender injustice in the form of (a) stereotypes, (b)marginalization of women, (c) subordination of work, and (d) internalviolence household. (2) Ratih Kumala's novel Kretek Girls educationalvalues include: (a) the value of religious education that emphasizesbetween humans and God, (b) the value of social education refers to therelationship of individuals to other individuals in a society (c) the valueof education morals that relate to the good or bad of human behavior,and (d) the value of cultural / customary education that is related totradition, people's habits.
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Kognitif Peserta Didik Kelas X IPS 2 Dalam Materi Perilaku Ekonomi Melalui Pendekatan Saintifik Di Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri 12 Kota Jambi
Authors: Journal Journal , Rayuna
Published: January 2020

Abstract:The purpose of this study is to improve students’ knowledgeability in economic subject in topic the economic behavioral role ineconomic activities through scientific approach for students in XIPS2 class of the state of senior high school 12 Jambi city. This studyemployed the action class research. The data collected throughobservation, documentation and interview. Furthermore, the dataanalyzed by using triangulation data. This study run from Septemberto December 2018. The result of study shows that the student’sknowledge ability increased 54.83 %, from 22.58% to 77.41%,followed by teacher’s performance from 76.66% to 90% andstudents’ activity from 41.85% to 90,25%. The results inform thatthe saintific approach can use for teachers to improve student’sknowledge ability by following the stage of sacientific approachprinciples.
Pengembangan Profesionalitas Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam Di Sekolah Menengah Atas Primaganda Jombang
Authors: Solikhin  , Ali Mustofa
Published: January 2020

Abstract: Teacher professionalism is very important. Moreover, PAI

teachers,

because the PAI teacher profession must be able to be a role model for

students. The main task of the PAI teacher is to improve morals or morals, and

instill faith and devotion in the hearts of students. Basically, PAI teachers at

PRIMAGANDA Jombang High S

chool gave positive thinking to their professional

development through various methods carried out, both from within themselves

such as quality development such as attending training and others. For example,

the training that has been attended by PAI teach

ers, namely the Subject Teachers'

Conference (MGMP), meetings between high school teachers, attending work

shops or upgrading conducted by the Minister of Education and Culture, Jombang.

Such an attitude gives the view that the professionalism of a Muslim

teacher is not

just a teacher in educating his students, but people who are obliged to remind each

other that as servants of God are obliged to carry out worship that has been

outlined by Him to us. Supporting factors in the development of PAI teacher

prof

essionalism are support from school principals and Waka curriculum. In

addition, adequate facilities and infrastructure, teacher welfare (salary increase)

certification allowances and awards, while the inhibiting factors are lack of

funding and less time i

n learning

PAI.
Internalization mechanisms of cell-penetrating peptides
Authors: Ruseska Ivana , Zimmer Andreas
Published: January 2020

In today’s modern era of medicine, macromolecular compounds such as proteins, peptides and nucleic acids are dethroning small molecules as leading therapeutics. Given their immense potential, they are highly sought after. However, their application is limited mostly due to their poor in vivo stability, limited cellular uptake and insufficient target specificity. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) represent a major breakthrough for the transport of macromolecules. They have been shown to successfully deliver proteins, peptides, siRNAs and pDNA in different cell types. In general, CPPs are basic peptides with a positive charge at physiological pH. They are able to translocate membranes and gain entry to the cell interior. Nevertheless, the mechanism they use to enter cells still remains an unsolved piece of the puzzle. Endocytosis and direct penetration have been suggested as the two major mechanisms used for internalization, however, it is not all black and white in the nanoworld. Studies have shown that several CPPs are able to induce and shift between different uptake mechanisms depending on their concentration, cargo or the cell line used. This review will focus on the major internalization pathways CPPs exploit, their characteristics and regulation, as well as some of the factors that influence the cellular uptake mechanism.
Photocontrolled DNA minor groove interactions of imidazole/pyrrole polyamides
Authors: Müller Sabrina , Paulus Jannik , Mattay Jochen , Ihmels Heiko , Dodero Veronica I , Sewald Norbert
Published: January 2020

Azobenzenes are photoswitchable molecules capable of generating significant structural changes upon E-to-Z photoisomerization in peptides or small molecules, thereby controlling geometry and functionality. E-to-Z photoisomerization usually is achieved upon irradiation at 350 nm (π–π* transition), while the Z-to-E isomerization proceeds photochemically upon irradiation at >400 nm (n–π* transition) or thermally. Photoswitchable compounds have frequently been employed as modules, e.g., to control protein–DNA interactions. However, their use in conjunction with minor groove-binding imidazole/pyrrole (Im/Py) polyamides is yet unprecedented. Dervan-type Im/Py polyamides were equipped with an azobenzene unit, i.e., 3-(3-(aminomethyl)phenyl)azophenylacetic acid, as the linker between two Im/Py polyamide strands. Only the (Z)-azobenzene-containing polyamides bound to the minor groove of double-stranded DNA hairpins. Photoisomerization was exemplarily evaluated by 1H NMR experiments, while minor groove binding of the (Z)-azobenzene derivatives was proven by CD titration experiments. The resulting induced circular dichroism (ICD) bands of the bound ligands, together with the photometric determination of the dsDNA melting temperature, revealed a significant stabilization of the DNA upon association with the ligand. The (Z)-azobenzene acted as a building block inducing a reverse turn, which favored hydrogen bonds between the pyrrole/imidazole amide and the DNA bases. In contrast, the E-configured polyamides did not induce any ICD characteristic for minor groove binding. The incorporation of the photoswitchable azobenzene unit is a promising strategy to obtain photoswitchable Im/Py hairpin polyamides capable of interacting with the dsDNA minor groove only in the Z-configuration.
A Review of Gunshot Noise as Factor in Hearing Disorders
Authors: Skrodzka Ewa , Wicher Andrzej , Gołe¸biewski Roman
Published: January 2020

The impulse noise produced by personal weapons (guns, rifles, shotguns) during military activity, and while people engage in sport, training and hunting, is a threat to the auditory systems of soldiers, civilians, policemen, hunters, forest officers, sportspeople and bystanders not
actively engaged in professional or recreational firing. An overview of noise levels generated by different types of weapon is provided, and potential short-term and long-term consequences for the human auditory system are described. The mean values of LC, peak sound pressure level during
the shot, at the shooter's ears, for various types of weapons are approximately 160 dB SPL. These are levels that can cause permanent, irreversible negative effects on hearing (hearing loss, tinnitus, etc.) even as a result of a single shot being fired. One of the largest groups of weapon
users in Poland (about 120 thousand) are hunters and field masters. They are not obligated by any regulations to protect their auditory systems from impulse noise. This means that this group of firearm users is at particularly high risk of hearing damage. On the basis of the literature review,
it is shown that hearing exposure to high-level impulse noise such as a gunshot can result in such consequences as damage to the middle ear and destruction of the outer/inner hair cells in the cochlea. Especially difficult to diagnose is 'hidden hearing loss', i.e. damage to the synaptic connections
between the hair cells of the inner ear and the auditory nerve fibres, which is not reflected in the results of basic audiometric testing and can cause hearing problems many years after impulse noise exposure. The wide range of negative consequences of gunfire noise clearly indicates the need
for the hearing of the shooters to be protected.
Excitation of Non-Wave Modes by Sound of Arbitrary Frequency in a Chemically Reacting Gas
Authors: Perelomova Anna
Published: January 2020

The nonlinear phenomena in the field of high intensity sound propagating in a gas with a chemical reaction, are considered. A chemical reaction of A → B type is followed by dispersion and attenuation of sound which may be atypical during irreversible thermodynamic
processes under some conditions. The first and second order derivatives of heat produced in the chemical reaction evaluated at the equilibrium temperature, density and mass fraction of reagent A, are taken into account. The instantaneous equations are derived which govern dynamics of
perturbations in non-acoustic modes, and conclusions of the efficiency of their nonlinear excitation by sound are drawn. The advantage of this study is accurate description of dispersion. Acoustic perturbations of any characteristic duration as compared to the duration of chemical reaction
are considered, along with periodic, aperiodic perturbations and impulses. The conclusions concern also acoustically active gases.
Study on the Properties of Aerodynamic Reference Sound Sources
Authors: Brezas Spyros , Wittstock Volker
Published: January 2020

Towards the establishment of traceability in sound power in airborne sound, the present study focuses on the dissemination procedure. Aerodynamic reference sound sources were studied as potential transfer standards. Initially, the sources were examined in the up-to-present requirements.
The core of the study is the correction required for the transition from calibration to in situ conditions. The influence of atmospheric pressure, ambient temperature and fan rotation speed was investigated and the corresponding correction was determined. A comparison to an existing correction
was also performed. Near field effects were another part of the study. The related uncertainty was estimated in a transparent approach. The dependency of the uncertainty on the in situ and calibration condition values is also presented.
Low-Frequency Guided Wave Quantitative Reconstruction of Corrosion in Plates, 1D Diffraction Problem
Authors: Cailly William , Walaszek Henri , Brzuchacz Sébastien , Zhang Fan , Lasaygues Philippe
Published: January 2020

Guided Wave Tomography is a nondestructive imaging technique that consists in inverting guided wave propagation data to localize defects. In particular, this technique should provide quantitative information about the corrosion state of metallic plates by reconstructing a thickness
map from diffraction or time-of-flight measurements. In this paper we first present an analytical framework for corrosion profile reconstruction considering the 1D case. Due to the fact that, in practice, the low frequency ultrasound range (typically 50 to 100 kHz) is used for long range inspections,
the first-order shear deformation approximation is relevant for plate thicknesses encountered in metallic structures. This leads to an analytical description of guided wave phenomena: diffraction, refraction and mode conversion, for 5 modes: A0, S0, SH0, A1 and SH1. The validity of an analytical
approach to modeling thickness loss defects, in particular the validity of the first Born approximation, is discussed by comparing with elastodynamic numerical results. The comparison results show that the nonlinear behavior with depth increase, or width increase, of the defects (distortion)
can be fully described using a multimodal high order Born series. Consequently, a consistent iterative inversion Born series based algorithm can be used to deal with the reconstruction of strong thickness losses.
Acoustical Classification of the Urban Road Traffic with Large Arrays of Microphones
Authors: Leiba Raphaël , Ollivier François , Marchiano Régis , Misdariis Nicolas , Marchal Jacques , Challande Pascal
Published: January 2020

This work is part of a study dealing with city-dwellers' quality of life. Noise is known to be an important factor influencing the quality of life. In order to diagnose it properly, we propose a noise monitoring system of urban areas. It is based on the use of large microphone arrays
in order to extract the radiated sound field from each passing-by vehicle in typical urban scenes. A machine learning algorithm is trained so as to classify these extracted signals in clusters combining both the vehicle type and the driving conditions. This system makes it possible to monitor
the evolution of the noise levels for each cluster. The proposed system was first tested on passing-by isolated vehicles measurements and then implemented in a real street in Paris (France).
Study on Natural Frequencies of Transverse Free Vibration of Functionally Graded Axis Beams by the Differential Quadrature Method
Authors: Zhang Jin-lun , Zhang Liao-jun , Ge Ren-yu , Yang Li , Xia Jun-wu
Published: January 2020

Functionally gradient materials with special mechanical characteristics are more and more widely used in engineering. The functionally graded beam is one of the commonly used components to bear forces in the structure. Accurate analysis of the dynamic characteristics of the axially
functionally graded (AFG) beam plays a vital role in the design and safe operation of the whole structure. Based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory (EBT), the characteristic equation of transverse free vibration for the AFG Euler-Bernoulli beam with variable cross-section is obtained in the
present work, and the governing equations of the beam are transformed into ordinary differential equations with variable coefficients. Using differential quadrature method (DQM), the solution formulas of characteristic equations under different boundary conditions are derived, and the natural
frequencies of the AFG beam are calculated, while the node partition of a non-uniform geometric progression is discussed.
A Numerical Study on Fluid Flow and Acoustic Characteristics of a Supersonic Impinging Jet Using Vorticity Confinement
Authors: Sadri M. , Hejranfar K. , Ebrahimi M.
Published: January 2020

The objective of this work is to numerically study the fluid flow and acoustic field of a supersonic impinging jet by applying the vorticity confinement (VC) method. For this aim, the three-dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes equations with the incorporation of the VC method are
considered and the resulting system of equations is solved by using the sixth-order compact finite-difference scheme. To eliminate the numerical instability, a low-pass high-order filter is used. The nonreflective boundary conditions are applied for all the free boundaries and the radiated
sound field is obtained by the Kirchhoff surface integration. Comparisons of the present results with the experimental data and other numerical simulations show that the solution methodology adopted based on the application of the VC method with the high-order compact finite-difference scheme
provides a good prediction of the fluid flow and the acoustic field of the impingement region on coarser grids than that usually required in the LESs, and thus, the calculations of coarse grid LESs are improved.
Detection Thresholds for Combined Infrasound and Audio-Frequency Stimuli
Authors: Burke Elisa , Hensel Johannes , Fedtke Thomas , Uppenkamp Stefan , Koch Christian
Published: January 2020

This study investigated whether the presence of audio sound (20 Hz < frequency f < 20 kHz) influences the detection threshold for infrasound (f < 20 Hz), and, vice versa, whether the presence of infrasound influences the detection threshold for audio sound.
Monaural detection thresholds of thirteen otologically normal listeners were repeatedly determined for infrasound stimuli (sinusoids at 5 Hz and at 12 Hz) and for audio sound stimuli (sinusoids and bandlimited pink noise), separately and in presence of the respective other sound type. The
measurements were performed with an adaptive 1-up-2-down 3-alternative forced-choice (3-AFC) procedure. Threshold levels for infrasound stimuli were not affected by audio sound at +5 dB sensation level (SL), but they were significantly increased by the presence of some of the audio sound stimuli
presented at +50 dB SL. For example, thresholds for the detection of infrasound increased on average by around 5 dB when simultaneously presented with a pink-noise stimulus (frequency range: 250 Hz– 4000 Hz). On the other hand, the presence of infrasound with levels up to +10 dB SL did
not cause any significant change in the detection thresholds for audio sound. This could be an indication that infrasound might even be more annoying in a quiet environment.
Varstrometry for Off-nucleus and Dual Subkiloparsec AGN (VODKA): Methodology and Initial Results with Gaia DR2
Authors: Hwang Hsiang-Chih , Shen Yue , Zakamska Nadia , Liu Xin
Published: January 2020

Gaia’s precision astrometry allows systematic identification of optically selected subkiloparsec dual active galactic nuclei (AGNs), off-nucleus AGNs, and small-scale lensed quasars by “varstrometry”—where variability-induced astrometric jitter, i.e., temporal displacements of photocenter in unresolved sources, can be reasonably well detected or constrained. This approach extends systematic searches for small-scale (≳mas) dual and off-nucleus AGNs to the poorly explored regime between ∼10 pc and ∼1 kpc, with Gaia’s full sky coverage and depth to G ∼ 21. We outline the general principles of this method and calculate the expected astrometric signals from the full time series of photocenter measurements and light curves. We demonstrate the feasibility of varstrometry by using Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2) data on a sample of variable pre-main-sequence stars with known close companions. We find that extended host galaxies have a significant impact on the accuracy of astrometric and photometric variability in Gaia DR2, a situation to be improved in future Gaia releases. Using spectroscopically confirmed Sloan Digital Sky Survey quasars, we present several examples of candidate subkiloparsec off-nucleus or dual AGNs selected from Gaia DR2. We discuss the merits and limitations of this method and a follow-up strategy for promising candidates. We highlight Gaia’s potential of systematically discovering and characterizing the subkiloparsec off-nucleus and dual AGN population in the entire optical sky.
Impact of El Niño-Southern oscillation on human leptospirosis in Colombia at different spatial scales
Authors: Arias-Monsalve Clara , Builes-Jaramillo Alejandro
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by a bacteria of the genus Leptospira. Climate is key in order to understand leptospirosis dynamics. El Niño Southern Oscillation is the main modulator of climate in Colombia. Our goal was to analyze the changes that occurred in number of cases and incidence rate of leptospirosis during La Niña and El Niño episodes in Colombia at three spatial scales in the period between 2007 and 2015.

Methodology: A cross-sectional retrospective study was performed. Data analysis: correlation and lagged cross correlation between time series of Oscillation Niño Index and time series of standardized number of leptospirosis cases; construction of annual cycle of leptospirosis; comparison of changes of number of cases between Neutral, periods with El Niño and Neutral periods with La Niña.

Results: At the national level, monthly number of cases raised a 25% during La Niña and decreased of 17% during El Niño. At departmental level, increase of cases in both phases of ENSO, depending on the location in the country, was found. At the municipal level, 17 have a rise in the number of cases during La Niña months. Of those, seven presented also an increase of cases during El Niño months and eight have a significant negative correlation with ONI.

Conclusions: In Colombia, there exists a relationship between leptospirosis and the excess and lack of rainfall related with ENSO. The contrasting results from each spatial scale, reinforce that leptospirosis is a multidimensional disease with high complex interactions among its determinants.
Three new fossil records of Equisetum (Equisetaceae) from the Neogene of south-western China and northern Vietnam
Authors: Aung Aye Thida , Huang Jian , Do Truong Van , Song Ai , Liu Jia , Zhou Zhe-Kun , Su Tao
Published: January 2020

Three fossil species of Equisetum (Equisetaceae) were reported from the Neogene of south-western China and northern Vietnam, based on well-preserved rhizomes with tubers. Equisetum cf. pratense Ehrhart from the middle Miocene of Zhenyuan County, Yunnan Province, China is characterised by a bunch of three ovate tubers with longitudinal ridges on the surface. Equisetum yenbaiense A.T. Aung, T. Su, T.V. Do & Z.K. Zhou, sp. nov. from the late Miocene of Yenbai Province, Vietnam is characterised by four bunches of elongate tubers arranged in a whorl on a node. Equisetum yongpingense A.T. Aung, T. Su & Z.K. Zhou, sp. nov. from the late Pliocene of Yunnan is characterised by fibrous roots on most nodes and two to four bunches of large cylindrical tubers arranged in a whorl on a node. Floristic assemblages suggest that these species might have grown near a riverside or lakeshore. These new fossil records improve our understanding of species richness of Equisetum and their distribution range during the Neogene in Asia.
Lutte contre les cartels : comment dissuader les têtes brûlées ?
Authors: Boulu-Reshef Béatrice , Monnier-Schlumberger Constance
Published: January 2020

Cet article développe une approche expérimentale permettant l’identification des individus les plus susceptibles de former un cartel : les « têtes brûlées ». Les expériences testent l’efficacité dissuasive des dispositifs de lutte contre les cartels en comparant les propensions à s’entendre des individus dans différents cadres de sanctions – amende, clémence, conformité et exclusion – et de détection – détection avec probabilité exogène ou par dénonciation. La conformité et l’exclusion s’avèrent particulièrement dissuasives, la clémence ne l’est pas. L’effet dissuasif des amendes élevées est limité pour les « têtes brûlées », qui sont davantage influencées par l’ampleur du risque de détection. Les différences de genre et d’aversion au risque affectent le comportement chez les autres participants mais pas chez les individus qualifiés de « têtes brûlées ».
Choroidal Melanoma in a Teenager With Klippel–Trénaunay–Weber Syndrome
Authors: Manquez Maria E. , Shields Carol L. , Demirci Hakan , Shields Jerry A. , Berg Paul , Peters George
Published: January 2020

Choroidal Melanoma in a Teenager With Klippel–Trénaunay–Weber Syndrome

To the Editors:
A 17-year-old asymptomatic boy was found to have a choroidal mass in the left eye. The patient had a history of Klippel–Trénaunay–Weber syndrome. His face was asymmetric with features of hemihypertrophy and beard just on the left side (Fig. 1). Cutaneous nevus flammeus involved the chest, arms, hands, legs, and feet. Hypertrophy of the extremities was more prominent on the left than on the right side. [more...]
Optimal Parameters of Scanning Mode in Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE): Clinical Results and Ultrastructural Analysis
Authors: Weng Shengbei , Xiang Daoman , Lin Limian , Lin Haiqin , Liu Fang , Liu Quan
Published: January 2020

PURPOSE:

To compare the effect of two scanning modes with different femtosecond laser settings on clinical outcomes and ultrastructural analysis of the lenticule surface in small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).

METHODS:

A total of 78 eyes from 39 consecutive patients were included with the standard scanning mode (energy level of 105 nJ vs spot distance of 3 mm) in one eye and the fast scanning mode (energy level of 110 nJ vs spot distance of 4.5 mm) in the other eye, all eyes being randomly assigned. Patients received complete ophthalmic examinations preoperatively and at different follow-up visits after SMILE. Ten human corneal lenticules were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy.

RESULTS:

Uncorrected distance visual acuity at 1 day and 1 week postoperatively was −0.06 ± 0.10 and −0.11 ± 0.05 logMAR, respectively, in the fast scanning group, which was significantly better than in the standard scanning group (−0.11 ± 0.08 and −0.12 ± 0.05 logMAR, respectively), and no significant difference was found between the groups at 1 and 3 months. The contrast sensitivity was higher at different time points in the fast scanning mode group compared with the standard scanning group (all
P
< .05). Ultrastructurally, the corneal lenticules from the fast scanning group showed a smoother surface than those from the standard scanning mode group qualitatively and quantitatively (all
P
< .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

SMILE using the fast scanning mode facilitates better visual acuity with improved contrast sensitivity in the early postoperative period. Experimental studies on the ultrastructure of corneal lenticules support these clinical results.

[
J Refract Surg.
2020;36(1):34–41.]
Safety of the Minimum Ophthalmic Viscosurgical Device Technique in Phakic Implantable Collamer Lens Implantation
Authors: Chen Di , Cui Ge , Wang Xuejiao , Li Ying , Luo Yan
Published: January 2020

PURPOSE:

To compare the safety of the minimum ophthalmic viscosurgical device (OVD) technique with the standard procedure in phakic Visian Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) (STAAR Surgical AG, Nidau, Switzerland) implantation.

METHODS:

This retrospective cohort study evaluated a total of 147 eyes of 74 patients who underwent ICL implantation with the minimum OVD technique (minimum OVD group) and 154 eyes of 77 patients with the standard procedure (standard OVD group). Intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded. Preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous depth (AQD), and central corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) were collected and analyzed over the 12-month follow-up. Lens vault and occurrence of paracentesis after surgery were also recorded.

RESULTS:

No intraocular complications were observed. No difference was found in visual outcomes, lens vault, and AQD at all time points between the two groups (
P
> .05). The minimum OVD group had significantly lower IOP than the standard OVD group at 2 hours (17.04 ± 4.21 vs 19.40 ± 6.78 mm Hg,
P
< .001) and 3 hours (15.12 ± 3.38 vs 17.15 ± 5.09 mm Hg,
P
< .001) postoperatively. The IOP gradually returned to the preoperative level after 24 hours postoperatively. The occurrence rate of paracentesis was significantly less in the minimum OVD group compared with the standard group (0.68% [1 of 147] vs 3.2% [5 of 154],
P
< .001). ECD was not significantly different between groups at all time points (
P
> .05).

CONCLUSIONS:

The minimum OVD technique could achieve visual and structural outcomes comparable to the standard procedure without additional damage to the corneal endothelial cells, while reducing the IOP fluctuations after surgery.

[
J Refract Surg.
2020;36(1):42–48.]
Similar Biomechanical Cross-linking Effect After SMILE and PRK in Human Corneas in an Ex Vivo Model for Postoperative Ectasia
Authors: Torres-Netto Emilio A. , Spiru Bogdan , Kling Sabine , Gilardoni Francesca , Lazaridis Apostolos , Sekundo Walter , Hafezi Farhad
Published: January 2020

PURPOSE:

To evaluate the biomechanical effect of corneal cross-linking (CXL) in paired human corneas following small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) or photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in an ex vivo model for postoperative ectasia.

METHODS:

Twenty-six paired human corneas preserved in tissue culture medium were equally divided into two groups: right and left corneas were treated with PRK and SMILE, respectively. Corneal thickness was measured in all eyes before surgery. Corneas were stretched using an extensometer with two cycles of up to 9 N (570 kPA stress), followed by accelerated CXL with irradiance of 9 mW/cm
2
for 10 minutes (fluence 5.4 J/cm
2
) in both groups. The elastic modulus was evaluated using two-dimensional stress-strain extensometry.

RESULTS:

Following accelerated CXL, the ectatic cornea model showed a mean effective elastic modulus of 17.2 ± 5.3 MPa after PRK and 14.1 ± 5.0 MPa after SMILE. Although the elastic modulus in corneas previously subjected to PRK was higher, there was no significant biomechanical difference between the two groups (
P
= .093).

CONCLUSIONS:

Under similar conditions, both experimental groups (PRK followed by CXL and SMILE followed by CXL) were characterized by similar biomechanical stability as measured experimentally on ex vivo human fellow corneas. The data suggest that, in the event of postoperative ectasia, the biomechanical improvement achieved by CXL may be similar after PRK and SMILE.

[
J Refract Surg.
2020;36(1):49–54].
Spatial distribution of marine macro-litter on the seafloor in the northern Mediterranean Sea: the MEDITS initiative
Authors: Spedicato Maria Teresa , Zupa Walter , Carbonara Pierluigi , Fiorentino Fabio , Follesa Maria Cristina , Galgani François , García-Ruiz Cristina , Jadaud Angélique , Ioakeimidis Christos , Lazarakis Giorgos , Lembo Giuseppe , Mandic Milica , Maiorano Porzia , Sartini Marina , Serena Fabrizio , Cau Alessandro , Esteban Antonio , Isajlovic Igor , Micallef Reno , Thasitis Ioannis
Published: January 2020

Marine litter is one of the main sources of anthropogenic pollution in the marine ecosystem, with plastic representing a global threat. This paper aims to assess the spatial distribution of plastic macro-litter on the seafloor, identifying accumulation hotspots at a northern Mediterranean scale. Density indices (items km–2) from the MEDITS trawl surveys (years 2013-2015) were modelled by generalized additive models using a Delta-type approach and several covariates: latitude, longitude, depth, seafloor slope, surface oceanographic currents and distances from main ports. To set thresholds for the identification of accumulation areas, the percentiles (85th, 90th and 95th) of the plastic spatial density distribution were computed on the raster data. In the northern Mediterranean marine macro-litter was widespread (90.13% of the 1279 surveyed stations), with plastic by far the most recurrent category. The prediction map of the plastic density highlighted accumulation areas (85th, 90th and 95th percentiles of the distribution, respectively, corresponding to 147, 196 and 316 items km–2) in the Gulf of Lions, eastern Corsica, the eastern Adriatic Sea, the Argo-Saronic region and waters around southern Cyprus. Maximum densities were predicted in correspondence to the shallower depths and in proximity to populated areas (distance from the ports). Surface currents and local water circulation with cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies were identified as drivers likely facilitating the sinking to the bottoms of floating debris.