bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphide Oxides RE2AuP2O (RE: La, Ce, Pr, Nd): Synthesis, Structure, Chemical Bonding, Magnetism, and 31P and 139La Solid State NMR.
Authors: Bartsch Timo , Wiegand Thomas , Ren Jinjun , Eckert Hellmut , Johrendt Dirk , Niehaus Oliver , Eul Matthias , Poettgen Rainer
Published: May 2013

The title compounds are prepared by solid state reaction of the rare earth metals, their appropriate oxides, finely dispersed gold, and red phosphorus (sealed silica tube, 1173 K, 72 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Y3MnAu5: Three Distinctive d‐Metal Functions in an Intergrown Cluster Phase.
Authors: Samal Saroj L. , Pandey Abhishek , Johnston David C. , Corbett John D.
Published: May 2013

The new intermetallic phase of title is prepared in virtually quantitative yield by arc‐melting of the elements followed by annealing at 1000 °C for about 3 d.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of Optically Active Trifluoromethyl Aldimines via Asymmetric Biomimetic Transamination.
Authors: Liu Mao , Li Jing , Xiao Xiao , Xie Ying , Shi Yian
Published: May 2013

A quinine derivative is used as an efficient chiral catalyst for the asymmetric synthesis of trifluoromethyl aldimines (II) by [1,3]‐proton shift of imines (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Rhodium‐Catalyzed [3 + 2 + 1] Carbocyclization of Alkenylidenecyclopropanes with Carbon Monoxide: Theoretical Evidence for a Trimethylenemethane Metallacycle Intermediate.
Authors: Mazumder Shivnath , Shang Deju , Negru Daniela E. , Baik Mu‐Hyun , Evans P. Andrew
Published: May 2013

The presented new carbocyclization of carbon‐ and heteroatom‐tethered alkenylidenecyclopropanes with CO results in the stereoselective construction of cis‐fused bicyclohexenones.
ChemInform Abstract: Gluconic Acid Aqueous Solution: A Task‐Specific Bio‐Based Solvent for Ring‐Opening Reactions of Dihydropyrans.
Authors: Yang Jie , Zhou Binghua , Li Minghao , Gu Yanlong
Published: May 2013

A variety of dihydropyran ring opening reactions using an aqueous gluconic acid solution as reaction medium is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohols by Semi‐Stoichiometric Amounts of Cobalt‐Doped Birnessite‐Type Layered MnO2 under Oxygen Atmosphere.
Authors: Kamimura Akio , Nozaki Yuichiro , Nishiyama Mai , Nakayama Masaharu
Published: May 2013

The title reaction takes place selectively with benzylic alcohols (I), whereas allylic alcohols such as (III) are oxidized quite slowly.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Hydrogenation of α,α′‐Disubstituted Cycloketones Through Dynamic Kinetic Resolution: An Efficient Construction of Chiral Diols with Three Contiguous Stereocenters.
Authors: Liu Chong , Xie Jian‐Hua , Li Ya‐Li , Chen Ji‐Qiang , Zhou Qi‐Lin
Published: May 2013

This method uses catalyst loadings as low as 0.1 mol% and yields (cis,cis)‐reaction products in good yields and with high enantio‐ and diastereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Catalytic Preparation of 1,1‐Diacetates Using a Silica‐Supported Functional Ionic Liquid as Catalyst.
Authors: Kang Li Q. , Cai Yue Q. , Cheng Lin
Published: May 2013

Aromatic diacetates (III) are prepared under solvent‐free conditions from the corresponding aldehydes using a silica‐supported ionic liquid as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: C(sp3)—C(sp3) and C(sp3)—H Bond Activation of 1,1‐Disubstituted Cyclopentane.
Authors: Mukai Chisato , Ohta Yuu , Oura Yuki , Kawaguchi Yasuaki , Inagaki Fuyuhiko
Published: May 2013

This method includes an unprecedented C—C bond cleavage of an unactivated cyclopentane ring.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Preparation of Biologically Important 1,2‐Amino Alcohols.
Authors: Gupta Pankaj , Rouf Abdul , Shah Bhahwal A. , Mukherjee Debaraj , Taneja Subhash C.
Published: May 2013

An efficient three‐step methodology for the formation of 1,2‐amino alcohols (V) is developed which involves a rapid coupling between bromoketones and potassium phthalimide, subsequent selective reduction and finally an efficient removal step of the phthalimido protection group.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Dimedone for Synthesis of Oxygen‐, Nitrogen‐, and Sulfur‐Containing Heterocycles from 2‐(3‐Hydroxy‐5,5‐dimethylcyclohex‐2‐enylidene)malononitrile.
Authors: Majumdar Poulomi , Mohanta Prajna Parimita , Behera Rajani K. , Behera Ajaya Kumar
Published: May 2013

An efficient route for the synthesis of a wide range of new O‐, N‐, and S‐containing spiro heterocycles via reactions of readily available malononitrile (III) with active methylene or bidentate compounds is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrophile‐Induced C—C Bond Activation of Vinylcyclopropanes for the Synthesis of Z‐Alkylidenetetrahydrofurans.
Authors: Ganesh Venkataraman , Kundu Taraknath , Chandrasekaran Srinivasan
Published: May 2013

The reaction is stereospecific and proceeds via bromenium‐catalyzed C—C bond activation of vinyl cyclopropanes and the following cyclization to alkylidenetetrahydrofuran and other heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct FeX3‐Based Stereocontrolled Access to (Z)‐3‐Alkenyl‐oxindoles from Allenols.
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro , Luna Amparo , Prieto Natividad
Published: May 2013

The Z‐selectivity of this reaction is mechanistically explained by complexation of the iron halide to the hydroxyl group followed by a concerted pseudopericyclic halogenation/dehydroxylation step.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Functionalization of Unsymmetrical Arylsulfonyl Bisindoles and Bisbenzazoles.
Authors: Lancianesi Stefano , Palmieri Alessandro , Petrini Marino
Published: May 2013

A mild and simple three‐component synthesis of bisbenzazoles is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Direct α‐Alkylation of 2‐Oxindoles with Michler′s Hydrol Catalyzed by Bis‐Cinchona Alkaloid—Broensted Acid via an SN1‐Type Pathway.
Authors: Zhang Tao , Qiao Zhen , Wang Yan , Zhong Nengjun , Liu Li , Wang Dong , Chen Yong‐Jun
Published: May 2013

A novel organocatalytic asymmetric α‐alkylation of 2‐oxindoles (I) with Michler′s alcohol (II) is described, which is catalyzed by the combination of a chiral bis‐cinchona alkaloid and a Broensted acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Tricyclic Lactams from Heterocyclic Imines.
Authors: Stalling Timo , Martens Juergen
Published: May 2013

The two‐step process is suitable for the preparation of various target skeletons including a valero‐ or caprolactam part.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrrolo[2,3‐a]pyrrolizidino Derivatives Through Intramolecular 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition in Ionic Liquid Medium.
Authors: Kathiravan Subban , Raghunathan Raghavachary
Published: May 2013

5 Title compounds are prepared by an intramolecular cycloaddition in the ionic liquid [bmim]BF4.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Enantioenriched Aza‐Proline Derivatives Through Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Chiral α‐Hydrazino Esters.
Authors: Bouvet Sebastien , Moreau Xavier , Coeffard Vincent , Greck Christine
Published: May 2013

Gold‐catalyzed 5‐exo‐dig cyclization of the chiral α‐hydrazino esters, prepared easily using Sonogashira coupling as a key step, proceeds mostly with high regioselectivity affording only small amounts of the 6‐endo‐dig products of the type (V).
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Antifungal Agent with Broad Spectrum: 1‐(4‐Biphenylyl)‐3‐(1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)‐1‐propanone.
Authors: Roman Gheorghe , Mares Mihai , Nastasa Valentin
Published: May 2013

A series of imidazolylpropanones (III) as well as their reduced derivatives (IV) are synthesized and tested for their antifungal activity against 16 strains of Candida.
ChemInform Abstract: C—F Bond Activation of Unactivated Aliphatic Fluorides: Synthesis of Fluoromethyl‐3,5‐diaryl‐2‐oxazolidinones by Desymmetrization of 2‐Aryl‐1,3‐difluoropropan‐2‐ols.
Authors: Haufe Guenter , Suzuki Satoru , Yasui Hiroyuki , Terada Chisato , Kitayama Takashi , Shiro Motoo , Shibata Norio
Published: May 2013

Under optimized conditions the tandem carbamoylation/cyclization reactions of difluorpropanols afford the title oxazolidines.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Guanidine‐Catalyzed 1,4‐Addition Reaction of 5H‐Oxazol‐4‐ones to Alkynones.
Authors: Misaki Tomonori , Jin Nari , Kawano Kei , Sugimura Takashi
Published: May 2013

The use of Ph2PMe is crucial.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles: Convenient Synthones for Heterocyclic Compounds.
Authors: Zibinsky Mikhail , Fokin Valery V.
Published: May 2013

The reactions probably proceed via rhodium azavinyl carbene intermediates which are formed from the triazole moiety of the starting material.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of 3,5‐Diaryl‐4‐methylisoxazoles.
Authors: Lokhande Pradeep D. , Hasanzadeh Kamal , Khaledi Hamid , Ali Hapipah Mohd
Published: May 2013

10 Title compounds (V) are prepared by regioselective reaction of (IV) with hydroxylamine.
ChemInform Abstract: Dienamine‐Mediated Inverse‐Electro‐Demand Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reaction by Using an Enantioselective H‐Bond‐Directing Strategy.
Authors: Albrecht Lukasz , Dickmeiss Gustav , Weise Christian F. , Rodriguez‐Escrich Carles , Joergensen Karl Anker
Published: May 2013

For the first time the title regio‐ and stereoselective reaction is developed by using a bifunctional squaramide‐containing aminocatalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Synthesis of Cyano‐Functionalized 2‐Aryl‐4H‐chromenes and 2‐Amino‐4H‐chromene‐3‐carbonitriles by Catalyst‐Tuned Reactions of 2‐Hydroxychalcones with 2‐Substituted Acetonitriles.
Authors: Yin Guodong , Shi Houqiang , Xu Liqianyun , Wei Xianhong , Tao Qing
Published: May 2013

Depending on the conditions, the reactions provide the title systems selectively.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient, Regioselective Amination of 3,5‐Disubstituted Pyridine N‐Oxides Using Saccharin as an Ammonium Surrogate.
Authors: Farrell Robert P. , Elipe Maria Victoria Silva , Bartberger Michael D. , Tedrow Jason S. , Vounatsos Filisaty
Published: May 2013

The presented new amination process uses saccharin as an ammonia surrogate delivering both high conversions and high regioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Ionic Liquid‐Catalyzed Synthesis and Antimicrobial Studies of 4,6‐Diaryl‐ and 4,5‐Fused Pyrimidine‐2‐thiones.
Authors: Gupta Richa , Chaudhary Ram Pal
Published: May 2013

A variety of 4,6‐diaryl‐ and fused pyrimidine‐2‐thiones are synthesized via N‐methylpyridinium tosylate‐catalyzed multicomponent reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Chromene Derivatives of Expected Antitumor Activity.
Authors: Kandeel Manal M. , Kamal Aliaa M. , Abdelall Eman K. A. , Elshemy Heba A. H.
Published: May 2013

Derivatives (IIIa), (IVa), (VIIIb), (Xc) exhibit superior in vitro anti tumor activity when compared to colchicine as a reference drug.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Pyrimidinones Catalyzed by Boric Acid and Glycerol in Aqueous Medium.
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Chhanda , Datta Arup
Published: May 2013

The Biginelli‐type formation of pyrimidones (IV) catalyzed by a boric acid—glycerol mixture in aqueous medium is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Highly Functionalized 2H‐Pyrimido[1,2‐a]benzimidazoles.
Authors: Hassanabadi Alireza , Mosslemin Mohammad H. , Anary‐Abbasinejad Mohammad , Koocheki Somayeh
Published: May 2013

Five title compounds (IV) are prepared by a one‐pot reaction of benzimidazol carbamate (I), isonitriles (II), acetylenedicarboxylates (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A Stereoselective Approach to (Z)‐1‐Silyl‐2‐aryl‐1,3‐dienes from 4‐(Phenylselanyl)but‐1‐yne via Palladium‐Catalyzed Silylstannylation and Selenoxide Elimination.
Authors: Shintaku Kazuki , Maeda Hajime , Segi Masahito
Published: May 2013

The regio‐ and stereoselective silylstannylation of butyne derivative (I) provides the intermediate (III) which is easily converted into the desired products (VI) by combination of oxidative deselenation and Stille cross‐coupling.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Quantitative Structure—Activity Relationship, and Antiinflammatory Profiles of Substituted 5‐ and 6‐N‐Heterocycle Bisphosphonate Esters.
Authors: Shaddy Abeer A. , Kamel Azza A. , Abdou Wafaa M.
Published: May 2013

A series of substituted N‐heterocyclic aminomethylene bisphosphonates are synthesized via a modified one‐pot Kabachnik—Fields reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Constituents from the Fruit of Gardenia jasminoides and Their Inhibitory Effects on Nitric Oxide Production
Authors: Peng Kaifeng , Yang Liguo , Zhao Shizhe , Chen Lixia , Zhao Feng , Qiu Feng
Published: May 2013

[isolation, structure elucidation and inhibitory effects of three new iridoid glycosides [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of 1,2,3‐Triazolylidenes as Versatile NHC‐Type Ligands: Synthesis, Properties, and Application in Catalysis and Beyond
Authors: Donnelly Kate F. , Petronilho Ana , Albrecht Martin
Published: May 2013

Review: 69 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Lanthanum(III) Catalysts for Highly Efficient and Chemoselective Transesterification.
Authors: Hatano Manabu , Ishihara Kazuaki
Published: May 2013

Review: 96 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation as a Valuable Synthetic Tool for the Preparation of Chiral Drugs
Authors: Etayo Pablo , Vidal‐Ferran Anton
Published: May 2013

Review: 157 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Alzheimer′s Disease, Cholesterol, and Statins: The Junctions of Important Metabolic Pathways
Authors: Silva Tiago , Teixeira Jose , Remiao Fernando , Borges Fernanda
Published: May 2013

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanoparticle Therapeutics for Prostate Cancer Treatment
Authors: Sanna Vanna , Sechi Mario
Published: May 2013

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanism in Organocatalysis
Authors: Klussmann M.
Published: May 2013

Review: 128 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 15N NMR Studies of Tautomerism
Authors: Kolehmainen Erkki , Osmialowski Borys
Published: May 2013

Review: 121 refs.
CD22 monoclonal antibody therapies in relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Hoelzer Dieter
Published: May 2013

Inotuzumab ozogamicin achieves high response and molecular remission rates in patients with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia with tolerable toxicity. It warrants further studies of inotuzumab in combination with chemotherapy or other targeted therapy.
Structure and Reactivity of the Glutathione Radical Cation: Radical Rearrangement from the Cysteine Sulfur to the Glutamic Acid α‐Carbon Atom
Authors: Osburn Sandra , Berden Giel , Oomens Jos , Gulyuz Kerim , Polfer Nick C. , O'Hair Richard A. J. , Ryzhov Victor
Published: May 2013

A gas‐phase radical rearrangement through intramolecular hydrogen‐atom transfer (HAT) was studied in the glutathione radical cation, [γ‐ECG]+., which was generated by a homolytic cleavage of the protonated S‐nitrosoglutathione. Ion–molecule reactions suggested that the radical migrates from the original sulfur position to one of the α‐carbon atoms. Experiments on the radical cations of dipeptides derived from the glutathione sequence, [γ‐EC]+. and [CG]+., pointed to the glutamic acid α‐carbon atom as the most likely site of the radical migration. Infrared multiple‐photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy was employed to generate complementary information. IRMPD of [γ‐ECG]+. in the approximately 1000–1800 cm−1 region was inconclusive owing to the relatively broad, overlapping absorption bands. However, the IRMPD spectrum of [γ‐EC]+. in this region was consistent with the radical migrating from the sulfur to the α‐carbon atom of glutamic acid. IRMPD in the 2800–3700 cm−1 region performed on [γ‐ECG]+. is consistent with a mixture of both the original sulfur‐based radical and the resulting glutamic acid α‐carbon‐based species. Comparisons are made with previously published condensed and gas‐phase studies on intramolecular HAT in glutathione.
Adolescents with Anxiety and Depression: Is Social Recovery Relevant?
Authors: Simonds Laura M. , Pons Rebecca A. , Stone Nicola J. , Warren Fiona , John Mary
Published: May 2013

Social recovery has become a prominent aspect of mental health service design and delivery in the past decade. Much of the literature on social recovery is derived from first‐person accounts or primary research with adult service users experiencing severe mental illness. There is a lack of both theoretical and empirical work that could inform consideration of how the concept of social recovery might apply to adolescents experiencing common (non‐psychotic) mental health problems such as anxiety and depression. The current study was conducted to understand the process of experiencing anxiety and depression in young people. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with nine adolescents with anxiety and depression (seven girls and two boys aged 14–16 years) and 12 mothers who were recruited from a specialist Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service in the South of England. Thematic analysis indicated that young people do experience a process of ‘recovery’; the processes participants described have some congruence with the earlier stages of adult recovery models involving biographical disruption and the development of new meanings, in this case of anxiety or depression, and changes in sense of identity. The accounts diverge with regard to later stages of adult models involving the development of hope and responsibility. The findings suggest that services should attend to social isolation and emphasise support for positive aspirations for future selves whilst also attending to young people's and parents' expectations about change. Methodological challenges face enquiry about ‘recovery’ given its connotations with cure in everyday language. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

Theoretical and empirical work on social recovery in young people and families is lacking.

Using interviews, this study sought to understand the relevance of social recovery for adolescents with anxiety and depression and their mothers.

Findings suggest some congruence with the earlier stages of adult recovery models involving meaning and identity.

Findings diverge with regard to later stages of adult recovery models involving hope and responsibility.

Social recovery in mental health services for young people needs significant empirical attention and critical debate.
Oxygen‐Functionalized Few‐Layer Graphene Sheets as Active Catalysts for Oxidative Dehydrogenation Reactions
Authors: Schwartz Viviane , Fu Wujun , Tsai Yu‐Tung , Meyer Harry M. , Rondinone Adam J. , Chen Jihua , Wu Zili , Overbury Steven H. , Liang Chengdu
Published: May 2013

Invited for this month′s cover is the group from the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The illustration is of the catalytic activity of the reported oxygen‐functionalized few‐layer graphenes, whereas the micrograph background image is of the same graphenes recorded by the authors using a new helium‐ion microscope at the CNMS. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cssc.201200756
Implementation and design of high‐power fast charger for lithium‐ion battery pack
Authors: Pai Kai‐Jun , Chien Ming‐De , Hsieh Chu‐Chung , Cheng Ming‐Yao , Liang Cheng‐Kuan , Lo Yu‐Kang , Liu Yu‐Chen , Tseng Po‐Jung
Published: May 2013

The high‐power fast charger (HPFC) incorporating a power stage with a controlling loop is presented in this paper. A power stage is composed of an inter‐leaved boost power factor correction and a DC‐DC full‐bridge phase‐shifted (FBPS) converter, and that the HPFC can supply a constant‐voltage (CV) or a constant‐current (CC) power to charge a secondary lithium‐ion battery pack. In addition, the ripple current can be reduced due to the DC‐DC FBPS converter combines with the current‐doubler rectifier at HPFC's output side. Also, the controlling loop is equipped with a voltage compensator and a current compensator, and this design is for the sake of HPFC, which can either operate in CV or CC output mode. Moreover, the shut‐down situation will be prevented by proposed bi‐phase charging controller, when the charging current is adjusted from the fist CC level to the second CC level. Analysis and design considerations of the proposed circuits are presented in details. Experimental results agree well with the theoretical predictions and confirm the validity of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytologic findings and differential diagnoses of primary thyroid MALT lymphoma with striking plasma cell differentiation and amyloid deposition
Authors: Nobuoka Yuri , Hirokawa Mitsuyoshi , Kuma Seiji , Takagi Nozomi , Higuchi Miyoko , Masuoka Hiroo , Miya Akihiro , Kubota Sumihisa , Miyauchi Akira
Published: May 2013

We report two cases of thyroid mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma with associated amyloid protein deposition. While other primary thyroid neoplasms sush as medullary carcinoma and plasmacytoma with associated amyloid protein are known to occur and have been previously described by fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), to our knowledge, the current cases are the first of thyroid MALT lymphoma with amyloid deposition to be detailed in the cytopathology literature. Case 1 was a 73‐year‐old female with chronic thyroiditis. FNAC suspected MALT lymphoma. The amyloid material was not noticed, nevertheless it existed. Case 2 was a 71‐year‐old female with a nodule of the thyroid. Malignant lymphoma and medullary carcinoma were suspected by FNAC. The possibility of medullary carcinoma was excluded by a measurement of serum calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen. After follow‐up for two years, the nodule was diagnosed as MALT lymphoma associated with plasma cell differentiation and amyloidosis by the fourth FNAC. When we encounter small round cell tumors associated with amyloid in thyroid FNAC, we should consider not only medullary carcinoma but also MALT lymphoma. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:73–77. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Two sexes, one genome: the evolutionary dynamics of intralocus sexual conflict
Authors: Pennell Tanya M. , Morrow Edward H.
Published: May 2013

As the evolutionary interests of males and females are frequently divergent, a trait value that is optimal for the fitness of one sex is often not optimal for the other. A shared genome also means that the same genes may underlie the same trait in both sexes. This can give rise to a form of sexual antagonism, known as intralocus sexual conflict (IASC). Here, a tug‐of‐war over allelic expression can occur, preventing the sexes from reaching optimal trait values, thereby causing sex‐specific reductions in fitness. For some traits, it appears that IASC can be resolved via sex‐specific regulation of genes that subsequently permits sexual dimorphism; however, it seems that whole‐genome resolution may be impossible, due to the genetic architecture of certain traits, and possibly due to the changing dynamics of selection. In this review, we explore the evolutionary mechanisms of, and barriers to, IASC resolution. We also address the broader consequences of this evolutionary feud, the possible interactions between intra‐ and interlocus sexual conflict (IRSC: a form of sexual antagonism involving different loci in each sex), and draw attention to issues that arise from using proxies as measurements of conflict. In particular, it is clear that the sex‐specific fitness consequences of sexual dimorphism require characterization before making assumptions concerning how this relates to IASC. Although empirical data have shown consistent evidence of the fitness effects of IASC, it is essential that we identify the alleles mediating these effects in order to show IASC in its true sense, which is a “conflict over shared genes.”
Developmental maturation of innate immune cell function correlates with susceptibility to central nervous system autoimmunity
Authors: Hertzenberg Deetje , Lehmann‐Horn Klaus , Kinzel Silke , Husterer Veronika , Cravens Petra D. , Kieseier Bernd C. , Hemmer Bernhard , Brück Wolfgang , Zamvil Scott S. , Stüve Olaf , Weber Martin S.
Published: May 2013

MS is an inflammatory CNS disorder, which typically occurs in early adulthood and rarely in children. Here we tested whether functional maturation of innate immune cells may determine susceptibility to CNS autoimmune disease in EAE. Two‐week‐old mice were resistant to active EAE, which causes fulminant paralysis in adult mice; this resistance was associated with an impaired development of Th1 and Th17 cells. Resistant, young mice had higher frequencies of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells and plasma‐cytoid DCs. Furthermore, myeloid APCs and B cells from young mice expressed lower levels of MHC class II and CD40, produced decreased amounts of proinflammatory cytokines, and released enhanced levels of anti‐inflammatory IL‐10. When used as APCs, splenocytes from 2‐week‐old mice failed to differentiate naive T cells into Th1 and Th17 cells irrespective of the T‐cell donor's age, and promoted development of Treg cells and Th2 cells instead. Adoptive transfer of adult APCs restored the ability of 2‐week‐old mice to generate encephalitogenic T cells and develop EAE. Collectively, these findings indicate that the innate immune compartment functionally matures during development, which may be a prerequisite for development of T‐cell‐mediated CNS autoimmune disease.
glyXalign: High‐throughput migration time alignment preprocessing of electrophoretic data retrieved via multiplexed capillary gel electrophoresis with laser‐induced fluorescence detection‐based glycoprofiling
Authors: Behne Alexander , Muth Thilo , Borowiak Matthias , Reichl Udo , Rapp Erdmann
Published: May 2013

Glycomics has become a rapidly emerging field and monitoring of protein glycosylation is needed to ensure quality and consistency during production processes of biologicals such as therapeutic antibodies or vaccines. Glycoanalysis via multiplexed CGE with LIF detection (xCGE‐LIF) represents a powerful technique featuring high resolution, high sensitivity as well as high‐throughput performance. However, sample data retrieved from this method exhibit challenges for downstream computational analysis due to intersample migration time shifts as well as stretching and compression of electropherograms. Here, we present glyXalign, a freely available and easy‐to‐use software package to automatically correct for distortions in xCGE‐LIF based glycan data. We demonstrate its ability to outperform conventional algorithms such as dynamic time warping and correlation optimized warping in terms of processing time and alignment accuracy for high‐resolution datasets. Built upon a set of rapid algorithms, the tool includes an intuitive graphical user interface and allows full control over all parameters. Additionally, it visualizes the alignment process and enables the user to readjust misaligned results. Software and documentation are available at http://www.glyxera.com.
Transfer kinetics of perfluorooctane sulfonate from water and sediment to a marine benthic fish, the marbled flounder (Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae)
Authors: Sakurai Takeo , Kobayashi Jun , Kinoshita Kyoko , Ito Nozomi , Serizawa Shigeko , Shiraishi Hiroaki , Lee Jeong-Hoon , Horiguchi Toshihiro , Maki Hideaki , Mizukawa Kaoruko , Imaizumi Yoshitaka , Kawai Toru , Suzuki Noriyuki
Published: May 2013

The authors investigated the kinetics of transfer of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) from water, suspended sediment, and bottom sediment to a marine benthic fish, the marbled flounder (Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae). Fish were exposed in 3 treatments to PFOS in combinations of these exposure media for 28 d and then depurated for 84 d. A major part (37–66%) of PFOS in the fish was in the carcass (i.e., whole body minus muscle and internal organs). Three first-order-kinetic models that differed in exposure media, that is, 1) sum of dissolved and particulate phases and sediment; 2) dissolved phase, particulate phase, and sediment; and 3) dissolved phase only, were fitted to the data assuming common rate constants among the treatments. The uptake efficiency of dissolved PFOS at the respiratory surfaces was estimated to be 3.2% that of oxygen, and the half-life of PFOS in the whole body to be 29 d to 31 d. The better fit of models 1 and 2 and the values of the estimated uptake rate constants suggested that the PFOS in suspended and bottom sediments, in addition to that dissolved in water, contributed to the observed body burden of the fish. Based on an evaluation of several possible contributing factors to the uptake of PFOS from suspended and bottom sediments, the authors propose that further investigation is necessary regarding the mechanisms responsible for the uptake. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2009–2017. © 2013 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc., on behalf of SETAC. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
Biomass properties from different Miscanthus species
Authors: Liu Chenchen , Xiao Liang , Jiang Jianxiong , Wang Wangxia , Gu Feng , Song Dongliang , Yi Zili , Jin Yongcan , Li Laigeng
Published: May 2013

Miscanthus, a peculiar genus originating from East Asia, has been considered a promising type of gramineous plant for the bioenergy industry. In this study, four major Miscanthus species widely distributed in China, Miscanthus sinensis, Miscanthus floridulus, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, and Miscanthus lutarioriparius were assessed for their biomass production, chemical composition, and saccharification efficiency. Results show that the annual dry biomass yields of M. sinensis, M. floridulus, M. sacchariflorus, and M. lutarioriparius averaged 16.7, 22.5, 16.7, and 32.0 t ha−1 over 3 years, respectively. M. sinensis and M. floridulus have similar chemical compositions, but different from M. sacchariflorus and M. lutarioriparius. The efficiencies of enzymatic saccharification were assayed after pretreatment with dilute acid and green liquor, respectively. The M. sinensis and M. floridulus biomass displayed higher saccharification efficiency in the case of dilute acid pretreatment, while the M. sacchariflorus and M. lutarioriparius biomass showed higher efficiency following the green liquor pretreatment. Furthermore, a rapid estimation model for predicting Miscanthus biomass saccharification efficiency was established on the basis of near‐infared reflectance spectrometry analysis.
Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor/TrkB signaling regulates daily astroglial plasticity in the suprachiasmatic nucleus: Electron‐microscopic evidence in mouse
Authors: Girardet Clémence , Lebrun Bruno , Cabirol‐Pol Marie‐Jeanne , Tardivel Catherine , François‐Bellan Anne‐Marie , Becquet Denis , Bosler Olivier
Published: May 2013

Synchronization of circadian rhythms to the 24‐h light/dark (L/D) cycle is associated with daily rearrangements of the neuronal‐glial network of the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus (SCN), the central master clock orchestrating biological functions in mammals. These anatomical plastic events involve neurons synthesizing vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), known as major integrators of photic signals in the retinorecipient region of the SCN. Using an analog‐sensitive kinase allele murine model (TrkBF616A), we presently show that the pharmacological blockade of the tropomyosin‐related kinase receptor type B (TrkB), the high‐affinity receptor of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), abolished day/night changes in the dendrite enwrapping of VIP neurons by astrocytic processes (glial coverage), used as an index of SCN plasticity on electron‐microscopic sections. Therefore, the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway exerts a permissive role on the ultrastructural rearrangements that occur in SCN under L/D alternance, an action that could be a critical determinant of the well‐established role played by BDNF in the photic regulation of the SCN. In contrast, the extent of glial coverage of non‐VIP neighboring dendrites was not different at daytime and nighttime in TrkBF616A mice submitted to TrkB inactivation or not receiving any pharmacological treatment. These data not only show that BDNF regulates SCN structural plasticity across the 24‐h cycle but also reinforce the view that the daily changes in SCN architecture subserve the light synchronization process.
Interaction network based early warning indicators for the Atlantic MOC collapse
Authors: van der Mheen Mirjam , Dijkstra Henk A. , Gozolchiani Avi , den Toom Matthijs , Feng Qingyi , Kurths Jürgen , Hernandez‒Garcia Emilio
Published: May 2013

Early warning indicators of the collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) have up to now mostly been based on temporal correlations in single time series. Here, we propose new indicators based on spatial correlations in the time series of the Atlantic temperature field. To demonstrate the performance of these indicators, we use a meridional‒depth model of the MOC for which the critical conditions for collapse can be explicitly computed. An interaction network approach is used to monitor changes in spatial correlations in the model temperature time series as the critical transition is approached. The new early warning indicators are based on changes in topological properties of the network, in particular changes in the distribution functions of the degree and the clustering coefficient.
The climate impact of aviation aerosols
Authors: Gettelman A. , Chen C.
Published: May 2013

A comprehensive general circulation model (GCM) is used to estimate the climate impact of aviation emissions of black carbon (BC) and sulfate (SO4) aerosols. Aviation BC is found not to exert significant radiative forcing impacts, when BC nucleating efficiencies in line with observations are used. Sulfate emissions from aircraft are found to alter liquid clouds at altitudes below emission (∼200 hPa); contributing to shortwave cloud brightening through enhanced liquid water path and drop number concentration in major flight corridors, particularly in the N. Atlantic. Global averaged sulfate direct and indirect effects on liquid clouds of 46 mWm−2are larger than the warming effect of aviation induced cloudiness of 16 mWm−2. The net result of including contrail cirrus and aerosol effects is a global averaged cooling of −21±11 mWm−2. These aerosol forcings should be considered with contrails in evaluating the total global impact of aviation on climate.
Remotely induced warming of Antarctic Bottom Water in the eastern Weddell gyre
Authors: Couldrey Matthew P. , Jullion Loïc , Naveira Garabato Alberto C. , Rye Craig , Herráiz‐Borreguero Laura , Brown Peter J. , Meredith Michael P. , Speer Kevin L.
Published: May 2013

Four repeat hydrographic sections across the eastern Weddell gyre at 30°E reveal a warming (by ~0.1°C) and lightening (by ~0.02–0.03 kg m−3) of the Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) entering the gyre from the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean between the mid‐1990s and late 2000s. Historical hydrographic and altimetric measurements in the region suggest that the most likely explanation for the change is increased entrainment of warmer mid‐depth Circumpolar Deep Water by cascading shelf water plumes close to Cape Darnley, where the Indian‐sourced AABW entering the Weddell gyre from the east is ventilated. This change in entrainment is associated with a concurrent southward shift of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current's (ACC) southern boundary in the region. This mechanism of AABW warming may affect wherever the ACC flows close to Antarctica.
Frequency analysis of annual maximum suspended sediment concentrations in Abiod wadi, Biskra (Algeria)
Authors: Benkhaled A. , Higgins H. , Chebana F. , Necir A.
Published: May 2013

Sediment transport processes in the Mediterranean semi‐arid areas have interested a great number of hydrologists and statisticians. Frequency analysis (FA) procedures are commonly applied for several hydrological events such as floods and droughts. However, in general, FA is not widely applied to treat suspended sediment concentration (SSC), especially in semi‐arid regions. In the present study, an FA was performed on SSC data from 1979 to 1991 observed upstream from the Foum El Gherza dam, which is located at Biskra in the South–East of Algeria. This dam is problematic in terms of silting. Therefore, this study is mainly motivated by providing an FA model and risk evaluation in order to assist dam managers to better evaluate the potential of silting resulting from SSC transport to the reservoir. Probability distributions commonly used in hydrology were tested to SSC data recorded at the M'chounech station on Abiod wadi located upstream the dam. All the FA steps were considered; including classical techniques (e.g. goodness‐of‐fit tests, statistical criteria) as well as recently developed tools (tail distribution classification). Their application led to the selection of the lognormal distribution (LN2) to fit the considered data, and hence an accurate risk assessment could be obtained. Because of the presence of a slight trend, non‐stationary models are also considered in the present study. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
THE IRRIGATION SECTOR SHIFT FROM CONSTRUCTION TO MODERNIZATION: WHAT IS REQUIRED FOR SUCCESS?
Authors: Burt Charles M.
Published: May 2013

External pressures related to environmental protection, commodity prices, energy availability, larger populations, and climate change have combined to require an immediate and substantial improvement in agricultural irrigation performance. Worldwide progression towards modernized irrigation projects has been uneven and slower than desired, but decades of irrigation modernization development have clarified certain requirements for success, as well as illuminated indicators of project failure. Of particular importance are required shifts within the state and national irrigation bureaucracies, as well as universities. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of copper at sublethal concentrations on growth and biochemical parameters in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Heydarnejad Mohammad Saeed , Khosravian‐hemami Mojdeh , Nematollahi Amin , Rahnama Samira
Published: May 2013

The effects of sublethal concentrations of heavy metals on fish are not well known. Copper (Cu), as one of heavy metals and an environmental stressor, may alter many physiological processes like growth and serum parameters in fish. The main objective of this study was to determine the effects of copper at sublethal concentrations (10 and 30 µg/L) on growth and serum biochemical parameters including enzymes, i.e., alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, and total protein (TP) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Trout were exposed to copper, and at intervals of 1, 15, and 30 days, selected parameters were evaluated. Condition factor (CF), specific growth rate (SGR) and body weight gain (BWG) consistently decreased, while food conversion ratio (FCR) increased at the end of experiment. Glucose, AST, and ALT were elevated, whereas triglyceride and cholesterol decreased in trout exposed to both Cu concentrations (Cu10 and Cu30) at day 15 and then returned to levels comparable to control fish. TP and ALP increased linearly by time and Cu10 and 30. This investigation suggests that growth and serum biochemical parameters could be used as important and sensitive biomarkers in ecotoxicological studies concerning the effects of metal contamination and fish health.
Climate change impacts on zooplankton and benthic communities in Lake Unterer Giglachsee (Niedere Tauern Alps, Austria)
Authors: Luoto Tomi P. , Nevalainen Liisa
Published: May 2013

We examined a sediment core from a climatically sensitive High Alpine lake Unterer Giglachsee in the Niedere Tauern Alps in Austria. Our aim was to investigate long‐term climate change impacts on aquatic invertebrates (Chironomidae, Cladocera) with a special focus on the ending of the Little Ice Age and the present climate warming. Although the changes in faunal assemblages were relatively subtle through the sedimentary record, a mutual faunal breakpoint at ∼1900 AD was distinguished. In addition, the faunal dynamics correlated closely with instrumental Alpine temperature records and with reconstructed Northern Hemisphere climate development over the examined time period. In particular, significant relationships between relative taxa abundance and temperature were found with chironomids Sergentia, Paracladius, Paratanytarsus austriacus‐type, Cricotopus (I.) intersectus‐type, and Cricotopus cylindraceus‐type and with cladocerans Daphnia and Alonella excisa. Our results also suggested that the most recent assemblages represent unique community compositions. We conclude that our study lake is sensitive to climate warming and the composition of the aquatic ecosystem in Unterer Giglachsee has changed due to the impact of increasing temperatures. We predict that the further increasing temperatures will have direct but also cascading effects on the sensitive lake, potentially causing an ecosystem turnover where the key taxon Paracladius may play an important role.
Environmental control of emergence patterns: Case study of changes in hourly and daily emergence of aquatic insects at constant and variable water temperatures
Authors: Ivković Marija , Miliša Marko , Previšić Ana , Popijač Aleksandar , Mihaljević Zlatko
Published: May 2013

The aim of this study was to determine which environmental factors influence emergence of insects at two contrasting habitats: one with constant and one with variable water temperature. We hypothesized that emergence of holometabolous insects is triggered by water temperature where temperature variations occur, while light is the main stimulus for emergence at site with constant water temperature. We expected that for the emergence of hemimetabolous insects, some additional environmental stimuli might be required. We also expected weather conditions to be more important at sites that lack variations in water temperature. To test our hypotheses we placed six pyramid‐type emergence traps at the two sites. Emergent aquatic insects were collected at 8‐h intervals over a 13‐day period, during peak emergence for most of the target species. Most taxa emerged during the afternoon at both sites. Only Hydropsyche saxonica/instabilis emerged nocturnally. At the site with constant water temperature, emergence of Drusus croaticus was stimulated by length of sunlight period. Emergence of Protonemura auberti was promoted by higher air temperature and humidity of the day before. Brachyptera tristis emerged in higher numbers when humidity and cloudiness were high the preceding day. At site with variable water temperature, an increase in water temperature, with a threshold at 16°C, was a significant factor for the emergence of Hemerodromia unilineata. This study gives new insight into the complexity of relationships between aquatic insect emergence patterns and environmental drivers, and show that light and weather conditions trigger emergence of most insects under constant water temperature conditions, while temperature is a dominant trigger at variable water temperature habitat.
“What's the Catch?”: Providing Reading Choice in a High School Classroom
Authors: Morgan Denise N. , Wagner Christopher W.
Published: May 2013

The idea of offering students choice in their reading materials is not new yet this is not occurring in many high school classrooms. Researchers have identified many academic and personal benefits when students are allowed to choose their own reading materials, including more engagement with reading. This article describes one high school teacher's experiences implementing a three‐week reading choice unit to his sophomore English classes. We highlight how he structured this experience and the instructional decisions he made while teaching students all of whom were reading a different book. In addition, we examine the students’ responses to this three week experience.
Nanosilver suppresses growth and induces oxidative damage to DNA in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Hunt Piper Reid , Marquis Bryce J. , Tyner Katherine M. , Conklin Sean , Olejnik Nicholas , Nelson Bryant C. , Sprando Robert L.
Published: May 2013

Studies on the effects of nanomaterial exposure in mammals are limited, and new methods for rapid risk assessment of nanomaterials are urgently required. The utility of Caenorhabditis elegans cultured in axenic liquid media was evaluated as an alternative in vivo model for the purpose of screening nanomaterials for toxic effects. Spherical silver nanoparticles of 10 nm diameter (10nmAg) were used as a test material, and ionic silver from silver acetate as a positive control. Silver uptake and localization, larval growth, morphology and DNA damage were utilized as endpoints for toxicity evaluation. Confocal reflection analysis indicated that 10nmAg localized to the lumen and tissues of the digestive tract of C. elegans. 10nmAg at 10 µg ml–1 reduced the growth of C. elegans larvae, and induced oxidative damage to DNA as measured by 8‐OH guanine levels. Consistent with previously published studies using mammalian models, ionic silver suppressed growth in C. elegans larvae to a greater extent than 10nmAg. Our data suggest that medium‐throughput growth screening and DNA damage analysis along with morphology assessments in C. elegans could together provide powerful tools for rapid toxicity screening of nanomaterials. Published 2013. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Sorption properties of chelating polymer–clay nano‐composite resin based on iminodiacetic acid and montmorillonite: water absorbency, metal ion uptake, selectivity, and kinetics
Authors: Urbano Bruno F. , Rivas Bernabé L.
Published: May 2013

BACKGROUND

This paper presents the study of the sorption performance of a novel poly[N‐(4‐vinylbenzyl)‐iminodiacetic acid)‐montmorillonite nano‐composite. The composite was obtained through in situ polymerization of the previously synthesized monomer N‐(4‐vinylbenzyl)‐iminodiacetic acid in the presence of organic‐modified montmorillonite and N,N‐methylene‐bis‐acrylamide.

RESULTS

The water uptake of the nanocomposites increased with increasing montmorillonite content. Metal ion retention studies as a function of montmorillonite content showed an unexpected trend in which the adsorption capacities decreased as the montmorillonite content increased. Selectivity experiments reveals that composites present a certain selectivity towards Cu2+ and that montmorillonite content does not provide selectivity to the composite. Kinetic experiments were conducted using a Cu2+ aqueous solution at pH 5.0 and it was observed that after 60 min contact the maximum retention is reached. Kinetics and diffusion models reveal that the metal ion retention occurs mainly at the surface of resin particles, suggesting a film diffusion process.

CONCLUSION

The nano‐composite showed the ability to remove metal ions. The process can be described by a Langmuir isotherm, whereas kinetic studies indicated that the pseudo‐second‐order model could describe the sorption process. The intra‐particle diffusion model suggests that sorption mechanism is film diffusion. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry