Estrés psicológico y problemática musculoesquelética. Revisión sistemática
Authors: León González Marta , Fornés Vives Joana 
Published: April 2015

Objetivo. Analizar los diseños epidemiológicos más utilizados en el estudio de la relación entre estrés psicológico y problemática musculoesquelética.<br />Metodología. Búsqueda bibliográfica con criterios de inclusión y exclusión específicos, en PubMed/Medline, EBSCOhost y revistas electrónicas de diversas disciplinas siguiendo las recomendaciones del estándar PRISMA. Se extrajeron 2782 artículos de los cuales fueron seleccionados 41 para la revisión.<br />Resultados. Más del 80% de los estudios confirmaron la relación entre estrés psicológico y problemática musculoesquelética, determinando que los niveles de estrés mantenidos aumentan el riesgo de aparición de sintomatología, sobre todo en lumbares y cervicales. Del total de estudios, más del 50% fueron de diseño transversal y 77% sobre temática laboral. La población más vulnerable fue la femenina, especialmente funcionarios y trabajadores de oficina. Las “Demandas laborales” constituyeron el estresor psicosocial más descrito. Respecto a los instrumentos de medición más usados, destacan el “Stress Energy Questionnaire”, el “Job Content Questionnaire” y el “Standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire”.<br />Conclusión: Los estudios sobre estrés psicológico y problemática musculoesquelética tienen diseños y resultados heterogéneos. Los hallazgos resaltaron múltiples estresores psicosociales y áreas corporales afectadas, siendo escasos los consensos en diagnósticos e instrumentos de medida. Aunque aparece una asociación entre estrés psicológico y problemas musculoesqueléticos, no se vislumbran relaciones causales claras. 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