bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Portal vein thrombosis associated with COVID-19: points to consider
Authors: Jafari Seyed Hamed , Naseri Razieh , Khalili Neda , Haseli Sara , Bahmani Mahbobeh
Published: July 2020

The rapid global spread as well as the mortality and morbidity associated with COVID-19 has raised increasing concern around the globe. Studies have reported that patients infected with the novel coronavirus are prone to coagulopathy. However, information on portal vein thrombosis in patients with COVID-19 is scarce. In this case report, we depict the abdominal CT findings of a 26-year-old male patient with COVID-19 who developed severe abdominal pain during hospitalization and was later diagnosed with portal vein thrombosis. We also demonstrate the chest CT findings of the same patient, which revealed bilateral pleural effusion, a less common imaging finding, and multifocal patchy consolidations. This paper emphasizes that physicians, particularly radiologists, should be aware of thromboembolic events when examining any suspected patient during the current outbreak.
Aceitabilidade no Registro de Câncer de Base Populacional pelos profissionais das fontes notificadoras de neoplasias do Recife
Authors: Lima Marcella Maria Barbosa de Albuquerque Li , De Ceballos Albanita Gomes da Costa , Souto Rafaella Queiroga , Miranda Gabriella Morais Duarte
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: descrever a aceitabilidade do Registro de Câncer de Base Populacional do Recife pelos profissionais que trabalham nas fontes notificadoras do câncer no município. Métodos: abordagem qualitativa por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com os profissionais que trabalham nas fontes notificadoras. A análise de dados utilizou a técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Resultados: A maioria dos entrevistados relatou a importância do trabalho exercido no RCBP para que, a partir do diagnóstico, ações de planejamento sejam realizadas para minimizar esse problema de saúde pública. Conclusão: a aceitabilidade do RCBP do Recife foi avaliada positivamente pelos profissionais que alimentam o sistema. As informações geradas pelos RCBP são essenciais para fortalecer o planejamento de redes integradas que assegurem o acesso oportuno. E oportunidade é a palavra-chave quando as necessidades de saúde são geradas por neoplasia.
СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ВЛИЯНИЯ ФТОРХИНОЛОНОВ НА ЛЕЙКОГРАММУ КРОВИ ЦЫПЛЯТ
Authors: Prisnyi Andrey Andreevich , Moiseeva Anna Anatolievna , Skvortsov Vladimir Nikolaevich
Published: July 2020

Цель. Осуществить сравнительный анализ влияния фторхинолонов на лейкоцитарную формулу крови цыплят.Материалы и методы. Проведены исследования с применением ципрофлоксацина, офлоксацина, левофлоксацина, моксифлоксацина, норфлоксацина и энрофлоксацина. Для эксперимента были сформированы семь групп цыплят кросса «Хайсекс Браун». Контрольная группа на протяжении всего опыта получала чистую питьевую воду, опытные группы в течение десяти суток получали с водой один из перечисленных фторхинолоновых антибактериальных препаратов в дозе 200 мг/л. Отбор крови произведен методом внутрисердечной пункции на первые, третьи, пятые, седьмые и девятые сутки после отмены препарата. Лейкоцитарную формулу определяли относительно общего числа лейкоцитов по процентному и абсолютному содержанию отдельных форм клеток.Результаты. Достоверные изменения количества псевдоэозинофилов не имели выраженной тенденции, проявлялись единовременно под влиянием каждого препарата в разные дни исследования. К седьмым и девятым суткам после отмены препаратов все исследуемые фторхинолоны, кроме офлоксацина, вызвали лимфопению. Ципрофлоксацин является единственным исследуемым антимикробным средством, использование которого в течение эксперимента не вызвало достоверных изменений в количестве моноцитов. В результате применения энрофлоксацина и офлоксацина была зафиксирована кратковременная эозинофилия. Следует отметить стойкую базофилию, вызванную левофлоксацином, энрофлоксацином и офлоксацином.Заключение. Антимикробные препараты группы фторхинолонов, в результате десятидневного приема, привели к изменениям соотношения различных видов лейкоцитов в крови цыплят, однако к завершению эксперимента все значения лейкограммы возвращаются к физиологической норме.
АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ АЛЛЕРГИЧЕСКИХ ПОРАЖЕНИЙ ПИЩЕВАРИТЕЛЬНОГО ТРАКТА У ДЕТЕЙ
Authors: Davydova Albina Nikolaevna , Shaposhnikova Natalya Fedorovna , Markelov Vadim Vladislavovich , Yurchenko Olesya Alekseevna
Published: July 2020

Широкая распространённость и постоянный рост аллергических заболеваний, ассоциированных с пищеварительной системой у детей, остаются одной из наиболее актуальных проблем современной гастроэнтерологии. В развитых странах более 60% пациентов с пищевой аллергией имеют гастроинтестинальные расстройства. В большинстве исследований доказана первоочередная роль нарушений пищеварительного барьера в генезе аллергодерматозов, бронхиальной астмы, хронической крапивницы и т.п. Развитие аллергических реакций в желудочно-кишечном тракте является результатом иммунного ответа на различные антигенные структуры.
ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ПАЦИЕНТОВ С РЕВМАТОИДНЫМ АРТРИТОМ ПРИ СОЧЕТАННОЙ ПАТОЛОГИИ
Authors: Khusainova D. I. , Bakirov B. A. , Zaripova G. R. , Khusainova L. N. , Aitova E. M. , Bayanova I. L. , Muzaeva I. L. , Khakamova G. A.
Published: July 2020

Сочетанная патология у пациентов с ревматоидным артритом. Выявление взаимосвязи с эффектом от медикаментозной терапии.
The role of the endoplasmic reticulum stress in depression
Authors: Kowalczyk Mateusz , Majsterek Ireneusz , Gałecki Piotr , Talarowska Monika
Published: July 2020

Depresja jest ważnym problemem zdrowotnym na całym świecie. Istnieje kilka skutecznych metod jej leczenia, ale szacuje się, że jedna trzecia pacjentów z depresją nie reaguje odpowiednio na konwencjonalne leki przeciwdepresyjne. Istnieje więc pilna potrzeba zidentyfikowania biologicznego mechanizmu depresji i działania farmakologicznego leków przeciwdepresyjnych. Udział szeroko rozumianych czynników zapalnych w etiologii zaburzeń depresyjnych nie budzi już wątpliwości. W ostatnich latach dużo uwagi poświęca się również zmianom w retikulum endoplazmatycznym, sugerując, że tzw. stres retikulum endoplazmatycznego daje początek wielu chorobom. Stres retikulum endoplazmatycznego zostaje aktywowany w odpowiedzi na rosnącą ilość niesfałdowanych lub nieprawidłowo sfałdowanych białek w siateczce śródplazmatycznej. Badania nad tzw. stresem siateczki śródplazmatycznej budzą nadzieję nie tylko w kontekście dokładniejszego zrozumienia patofizjologii chorób, ale mogą być inspiracją do poszukiwań nowych, bardziej skutecznych leków W pracy przedstawiono powiązania pomiędzy zmianami w retikulum endoplazmatycznym a stanami zapalnymi i równowagą oksydacyjno-redukcyjna. Zarówno wystąpienie zapalenia jak i tzw. stresu oksydacyjnego zostało potwierdzone w zaburzeniach depresyjnych.
Paraphilias among Roman Catholic priests: what we know, and do not know, about sexual clergy-abusers of minors
Authors: Prusak Jacek
Published: July 2020

Problematyka wykorzystania seksualnego osób małoletnich w Kościele katolickim jest szeroko dyskutowana w mediach. Niemniej jednak zaczęto w nieprecyzyjny sposób posługiwać się terminem "ksiądz-pedofil" przy wskazywaniu sprawców. Istnieje bardzo mało badań zajmujących się wprost tą grupą przestępców, nie dysponujemy również jak dotąd żadną teorią, która w adekwatny sposób wyjaśniłaby tego typu zachowania. Próby psychologicznego scharakteryzowania duchownych wykorzystujących seksualnie osoby niepełnoletnie przyniosły jak dotąd ograniczony sukces. Celem tego artykułu jest przedstawienie najważniejszych kwestii i dylematów klinicznych związanych z diagnostyką i leczeniem parafilii, podobieństwami i różnicami pomiędzy duchownymi a innymi sprawcami przestępstw seksualnych wobec małoletnich, typologią przestępców seksualnych wśród księży, związkiem płci ofiar z orientacją seksualną i celibatem sprawców. Autor wykaże, że używanie pojęcia "ksiądz-pedofil" nie tylko jest mylące, ale bywa używane w celu świadomego wprowadzenia w błąd. Z jednej strony po to, aby wywołać efekt paniki moralnej sugerując, że duchowieństwo katolickie jest grupą zwiększonego ryzyka tego typu przestępstwami. Z drugiej zaś po to, aby wskazując na płeć i wiek ofiar większości ich ofiar, uznać za sprawców homoseksualistów w koloratkach, a więc wytypować kozła ofiarnego odpowiedzialnego za problemy kościelnej instytucji.
A half-century of participant observation in psychiatry. Part I. Schizophrenia
Authors: Rybakowski Janusz
Published: July 2020

W trzech artykułach omawiam 50-lecie mojej pracy w psychiatrii, w formule tzw. obserwacji uczestniczącej. Pierwszy z nich dotyczy schizofrenii. Przedstawiam najważniejsze wydarzenia z zakresu patogenezy i diagnostyki tej choroby w okresie ostatniego półwiecza oraz próby mojej kontrybucji do badań w tym zakresie. Do istotnych wydarzeń w zakresie opisu klinicznego należy klasyfikacja symptomów schizofrenii, zwłaszcza wprowadzenie podziału na objawy pozytywne i negatywne. Uzyskano dowody, że nadczynność dopaminergiczna w strukturach podkorowych związana jest z generowaniem objawów pozytywnych (psychotycznych), natomiast za deficyty psychiczne i upośledzenie funkcji poznawczych odpowiedzialna jest niedoczynność dopaminergiczna w korze przedczołowej. Hamowanie czynności układu dopaminergicznego (blokowanie receptorów dopaminer-gicznych D2) stanowi główny mechanizm związany z terapeutycznym działaniem leków przeciwpsychotycznych. Zgromadzono również dane neurobiologiczne i genetyczne wskazujące na rolę układu glutaminergicznego w schizofrenii, co dało asumpt do podjęcia prób związanej z tym farmakoterapii. Najważniejszą koncepcją patogenetyczną schizofrenii od ponad 30 lat pozostaje teoria neurorozwojowa zakładająca interakcję licznych czynników genetycznych i środowiskowych, co doprowadza do wystąpienia pierwszego epizodu psychotycznego. W latach 1990-tych pod moim kierunkiem wykonano szereg badań neurobiologicznych schizofrenii w kontekście objawów pozytywnych i negatywnych oraz różnicy z chorobami afektywnymi. Podjęto również weryfikację testu niacynowego, jednej z nielicznych prób diagnostyki schizofrenii. Publikacje ostatnich dwóch dekad dotyczą badań genetyczno-molekularnych schizofrenii, również przy zastosowaniu endofenotypu poznawczego oraz ruchów gałek ocznych. Wykazano w nich związek schizofrenii lub jej endofenotypu z polimorfizmem różnych genów, a wiele z tych zależności stwierdzono po raz pierwszy na świecie. W ostatnich latach pod moim kierunkiem dokonano weryfikacji polskich wersji nowych skal do oceny objawow negatywnych schizofrenii.
O uso do brinquedo terapêutico na administração por inalação em pré-escolares
Authors: Silva Maria Paula Custódio , Belisário Mariane Santos , Rocha Nylze Helena Guillarducci , Ruiz Mariana Torreglosa , Rocha Jesislei Bonolo do Amaral , Contim Divanice
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: comparar o comportamento de pré-escolares durante o uso de administração por inalação, antes e após sessão de Brinquedo Terapêutico. Método: estudo quase-experimental de abordagem quantitativa, com a técnica de observação antes e após a intervenção, realizado por meio de amostra intencional, recrutadas em uma Unidade de Pronto Atendimento no interior de Minas Gerais. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e inferencial, coletados entre os meses de novembro de 2017 a abril de 2018. Resultados: foram avaliados 25 comportamentos de 99 pré-escolares durante a administração por inalação. Após a sessão, 73,7% estavam com a postura e expressão facial relaxada, 76,8% estavam à vontade, 19,2% interromperam o procedimento e 38,4 % solicitaram a presença da mãe ou acompanhante. Conclusão: o uso do brinquedo, favoreceu maior aceitação e adaptação de pré-escolares submetidos à administração por inalação, evidenciado a importância em implementar essa estratégia em serviços de pronto atendimento pediátrico.
Mortality by education, occupational class and income in Finland in the 1990s and 2000s
Authors: Hoffmann Rasmus , Kröger Hannes , Tarkiainen Lasse , Martikainen Pekka
Published: July 2020

Differences in mortality by socio-economic position (SEP) are well established, but there is uncertainty as to which dimension of SEP is most important in what context. This study compares the relationship between three SEP dimensions and mortality in Finland, during the periods 1990–97 and 2000–07, and to existing results for Sweden. We use an 11% random sample from the Finnish population with information on education, occupational class, individual income and mortality (age groups 35–59 and 60–84) (n = 810,902; 274,316 deaths). Cox proportional hazard models produce hazard ratios (HR) for categories of SEP variables in bivariate and multivariate models. Multivariate HRs are smaller than bivariate HRs, but all dimensions have a net effect on mortality. Overall, income shows the steepest mortality gradient: HR = 2.49 among men in the lowest income quintile aged 35–59 in the 1990s. The importance of the various SEP dimensions is modified by gender and age group, reflecting the significance of gendered life course differences in analyses of health inequality. Except for the declining disadvantage of poor men aged 35–59, inequalities are very stable over time and similar between Finland and Sweden. In such studies, the use of only one SEP indicator functions well as a broad marker of SEP. However, only analyses of multiple dimensions allow for comprehensive measurements of SEP, take into account the fact that some SEP dimensions are mediated by others, and provide insights into the social mechanisms underlying the stable structure of inequalities in mortality.
Becoming primary caregivers? Unemployed fathers caring alone in Spain
Authors: Castrillo Concepción , Rogero-García Jesús , Romero-Balsas Pedro , Meil Gerardo
Published: July 2020

This article analyses how unemployed fathers with employed partners broach childcare and how they conceive of their own identities. It aims primarily to determine whether these fathers actually play the part of primary caregivers. The analysis is based on in-depth interviews with 26 unemployed fathers who spent at least three months caring for their children. The findings show that these fathers engaged intensively in a wide variety of caring tasks. Nonetheless, their role as primary caregivers is called into question on the grounds of attitude. They tended to take for granted that they should set aside time and space for themselves, adding to their partners’ dual workload. Moreover, the overall responsibility for care fell largely on mothers. Subjectively speaking, while one group of fathers resorted to egalitarian precepts to normalise their situation, for many others, the inability to meet the standard expectations of traditional masculinity prompted an identity conflict.
Whole phase curvature-based particle positioning and size determination by digital holography
Authors: Hasegawa Shin-ya , Miaki Takao
Published: July 2020

We demonstrate the positioning and characterization of a transparent particle with a diameter of 60 µm in sparse particle fields. Particles appear elongated in optical setups with small numerical apertures that are used in digital holography; thus, an accurate method to position them is required. We propose a new optimization method using the whole phase curvature of a reconstructed wave along the optical axis to obtain not only the precise axial position but also the radius and refractive index of a particle. Experimental results show that the axial positions of particles can be detected with a standard deviation of 38.6 µm, corresponding to 66% of the average particle diameter. A radius of

29.3

±

0.4

µ

m

and a refractive index of

1.5910

±

0.0017

agree well with the manufacturer specifications of particles.
Exploring the effect of LED nonlinearity on the performance of layered ACO-OFDM
Authors: Abd Elkarim Mohammed , Elsherbini M. M. , AbdelKader Hala M. , Aly Moustafa H.
Published: July 2020

Visible light communication (VLC) depends on light emitting diodes (LEDs) for data transmission. This is one of the strengths of VLC motivated by high optical efficiency and low cost. However, LEDs impose nonlinear effects on the transmitted signal and limit overall system performance, especially in the case of multicarrier modulation systems. This paper extends to the layered asymmetrically clipped optical, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (LACO-OFDM) and investigates the impact of LED nonlinearity on system performance. The effect of the second-order nonlinear distortion in addition to the clipping noise is presented and analyzed at different power values assuming different strengths of nonlinearity. With a variable number of layers, the system performance is explored considering a nonlinear LED model. Finally, the impact of nonlinearity is investigated in the case of ACO-OFDM for the sake of comparison, bearing in mind that ACO-OFDM represents the first layer of LACO-OFDM.
Dynamics of the femtosecond laser-triggered spark gap
Authors: Rosenthal E. W. , Larkin I. , Goffin A. , Produit T. , Schroeder M. C. , Wolf J.-P. , Milchberg H. M.
Published: July 2020

We present space and time resolved measurements of the air hydrodynamics induced by femtosecond laser pulse excitation of the air gap between two electrodes at high potential difference. We explore both plasma-based and plasma-free gap excitation. The former uses the plasma left in the wake of femtosecond filamentation, while the latter exploits air heating by multiple-pulse resonant excitation of quantum molecular wavepackets. We find that the cumulative electrode-driven air density depression channel plays the dominant role in the gap evolution leading to breakdown. Femtosecond laser heating serves mainly to initiate the depression channel; the presence of filament plasma only augments the early heating.
56-m/3.31-Gbps underwater wireless optical communication employing Nyquist single carrier frequency domain equalization with noise prediction
Authors: Chen Xiao , Lyu Weichao , Zhang Zejun , Zhao Jian , Xu Jing
Published: July 2020

We propose and experimentally demonstrate an underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system using a 520-nm laser diode (LD) and 32-quadrature amplitude modulation (32-QAM) single carrier signals. To mitigate the inter-symbol interference (ISI), a frequency domain equalizer combined with a time-domain decision feedback noise predictor is employed at the receiver. However, this structure cannot apply channel coding conjunctively. Therefore, an interleaver/deinterleaver pair is applied to handle the decoding delay, and thus systematic Reed-Solomon (RS) code can provide reliable feedback signals. With a 3-dB bandwidth of 200 MHz, the proposed system with the frequency domain equalization and noise prediction (FDE-NP) scheme can achieve a maximal net data rate of 3.48 Gbps, which is 17.2% higher than that of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme. At a net data rate of 3.31 Gbps, we have successfully achieved a transmission distance up to 56 m. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time to employ FDE-NP in UWOC where OFDM conventionally plays a prevailing role for high-speed transmission.
Optical rogue waves in coupled fiber Raman lasers
Authors: Kolpakov S. , Sergeyev S. V. , Udalcovs A. , Pang X. , Ozolins O. , Schatz R. , Popov S.
Published: July 2020

For coupled linear cavity-random fiber Raman lasers, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, we demonstrate a new mechanism of emergence of the random pulses, with the anomalous statistics satisfying optical rogue waves’ criteria experimentally. The rogue waves appear as a result of the coupling of two Raman cascades, namely, a linear cavity laser with a wavelength of 1.55 µm and a random laser with a wavelength nearly 1.67 µm, along with coupling of the orthogonal states of polarization (SOPs). The coherent coupling of SOPs causes localization of the trajectories in the vicinity of these states, whereas polarization instability drives escape taking the form of chaotic oscillations. Antiphase dynamics in two cascades result in the suppression of low amplitude chaotic oscillations and enable the anomalous spikes, satisfying rogue waves criteria.
Hydroxyl radical planar laser-induced fluorescence imaging in flames using frequency-tripled femtosecond laser pulses
Authors: Jain Ayush , Parajuli Pradeep , Wang Yejun , Kulatilaka Waruna D.
Published: July 2020

Ultra-short optical pulses in the ultraviolet (UV) region are of significant interest for combustion and reacting flow diagnostics, as most important chemical species have electronic resonance transitions in the UV region. Optical parametric amplifiers are typically used for frequency conversion of femtosecond (fs) pulses from near-IR to UV; however, their implementation for practical imaging applications is limited because of the low conversion efficiency and extreme sensitivity to ambient conditions. In this work, we report the implementation of direct-frequency-tripled, fs laser pulses from a tunable amplified laser system for high-resolution imaging of hydroxyl (OH) radical in flames. The fundamental laser output near 850 nm is frequency tripled to obtain approximately 283.3-nm UV radiation. OH planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) imaging at 1 kHz is demonstrated in turbulent flames with image sheet heights in excess of 45 mm and a signal-to-noise ratio better than 25. These results represent over

3

×

increase in the imaging dimensionality compared to traditional OPA-based systems. Additionally, the third-harmonic generation apparatus is compact, robust, and easy to operate while providing near-Gaussian beam profiles. Simple power scaling suggests another factor of 3 or more increase in sheet height can be achieved for kilohertz-rate practical combustion diagnostics applications.
Experimental certification of quantum dimensions and irreducible high-dimensional quantum systems with independent devices
Authors: Sun Yong-Nan , Liu Zhao-Di , Bowles Joseph , Chen Geng , Xu Xiao-Ye , Tang Jian-Shun , Li Chuan-Feng , Guo Guang-Can
Published: July 2020

Dimensionality plays an important role in various information-theoretic tasks and can be seen as a key resource for quantum information processing. In this work, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, we report an experimental test of classical and quantum dimensions in a prepare-and-measure scenario through a nonlinear dimension witness (NDW), where the preparer and the measurer have no shared randomness. We propose a theoretical method to certify whether the generated states can be decomposed as products of lower dimensional states with the NDW, certify the dimension of the high-dimensional system, and identify whether the quantum system is irreducible in a unified picture in our experiment. To demonstrate the practicability of this method, we experimentally witness the generation of classical and quantum systems encoded in the high-dimensional orbital angular momentum (OAM) state under the effects of atmospheric turbulence. Our results show that this nonlinear dimension witness is highly robust and can be used in the presence of noise and low detection efficiency; hence, we estimate the dimension in our experiment in a detection-loophole-free manner through the NDW. We believe our work opens new avenues for dimension witnesses, especially for device-independent estimation of quantum systems and quantum communications.
Balancing the demands of validity and reliability in practice: Case study of a changing system of primary science summative assessment
Authors: Earle Sarah
Published: July 2020

Teacher summative judgements of children’s attainment in science, which are statutory at age 11 in England, require consideration of both valid sampling of the construct and reliable comparison of outcomes. In order to develop understanding of the enacted ‘trade off’ between validity and reliability, this three-year case study, within the Teacher Assessment in Primary Science (TAPS) project, was undertaken during a period of statutory assessment change in England. The case demonstrates an ongoing balancing act between the demands of reliability and validity, and resulted in the development of a teacher assessment seesaw, which provides a model for both interpreting and supporting practice, within and beyond primary science.
Novice middle school teachers’ preparedness for teaching, and the helpfulness of supports: A survey of one state
Authors: Chaney Bradford , Braun Henry , Jenkins Frank
Published: July 2020

Novice teachers’ readiness for teaching may affect the quality of the classroom environment and teachers’ likelihood of remaining in teaching. Using a survey of novice teachers in one state, we examine teachers’ preparedness for teaching, the supports offered, and the perceived helpfulness of those supports. Even novice teachers often had some type of prior experience: particularly substitute teaching (64%) and as a teacher aide or assistant (44%). Still, they often did not feel well prepared. Sixty percent of teachers felt well prepared in their subject area, but only 34% in using appropriate pedagogical strategies, 28% in managing their classrooms, and 17% in reaching all students. Teachers typically received multiple types of supports and received them multiple times over the first year, with a mean of 163 instances of supports. Teachers most often viewed supports as helpful if the supports were in the areas that teachers felt least prepared and provided at least monthly. The supports most related to teachers’ perceptions of helpfulness were mentoring, planning lessons, using student assessment data to make decisions about instruction, using appropriate pedagogical strategies, professional development for new teachers, teacher networks, and regular collaboration with other teachers.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Is Associated with α Dysrhythmia across the Visual Cortex and the Default Mode Network
Authors: Clancy Kevin J. , Andrzejewski Jeremy A. , Simon Jessica , Ding Mingzhou , Schmidt Norman B. , Li Wen
Published: July 2020

Anomalies in default mode network (DMN) activity and α (8–12 Hz) oscillations have been independently observed in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recent spatiotemporal analyses suggest that α oscillations support DMN functioning via interregional synchronization and sensory cortical inhibition. Therefore, we examined a unifying pathology of α deficits in the visual-cortex-DMN system in PTSD. Human patients with PTSD (N = 25) and two control groups, patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD;N = 24) and healthy controls (HCs;N = 20), underwent a standard eyes-open resting state (S-RS) and a modified resting state (M-RS) of passively viewing salient images (known to deactivate the DMN). High-density electroencephalogram (hdEEG) were recorded, from which intracortical α activity (power and connectivity/Granger causality) was extracted using the exact low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (eLORETA). Patients with PTSD (vs GAD/HC) demonstrated attenuated α power in the visual cortex (VC) and key hubs of the DMN [posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)] at both states, the severity of which further correlated with hypervigilance symptoms. With increased visual input (at M-RS vs S-RS), patients with PTSD further demonstrated reduced α-frequency directed connectivity within the DMN (PCC→mPFC) and, importantly, from the VC to both DMN hubs (VC→PCC and VC→mPFC), linking α deficits in the two systems. These interrelated α deficits align with DMN hypoactivity/hypoconnectivity, sensory disinhibition, and hypervigilance in PTSD, representing a unifying neural underpinning of these anomalies. The identification of visual-cortex-DMN α dysrhythmia in PTSD further presents a novel therapeutic target, promoting network-based intervention of neural oscillations.
Ethnic Studies as Decolonial Transdisciplinarity*
Authors: Maldonado-Torres Nelson
Published: July 2020

The decolonization of knowledge entails various forms of transdisciplinarity, but not all forms of transdisciplinarity are decolonial. This article offers an analysis of decolonial transdisciplinarity in relation to the European sciences, its disciplines, and its methods. It identifies a “secular line,” which combines with a “color line” to define the context and horizon of the European sciences. I propose that Ethnic Studies establishes a different attitude from that underlying the European sciences and represents an example of decolonial transdisciplinary thinking.
The Lower Criticism
Authors: Taylor Mark
Published: July 2020

This essay reassesses Matthew Arnold’s place in the history of modern criticism, arguing that his most important contribution to that history was his refashioning of the critic as an empty and recessive type of agent. Arnold’s famous call for criticism to abandon the “sphere of practical life” was no mere slogan, but the product of an extended meditation on the nature of agency and action, undertaken in dialogue with the works of the philosopher Benedict de Spinoza. From Spinoza’s “lower” criticism, Arnold derived a method that both approaches individual texts as actions and stresses the critic’s role in “composing” those texts as individuals in the first place. To perform these functions, however, criticism must renounce its claim to count as an action in its own right. The essay traces the development of this method from Arnold’s early essays on Spinoza through his mature criticism of the 1860s and 70s and considers its bearing on the wide variety of practices that describe themselves as “critical” today.
Do Corticosteroids Affect Prenatal Biophysical Parameters? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Musavi Sanaz , Nikniaz Leila , Hoseinifard Hosein , Hamzehzadeh Arezou , Vazifekhah Shabnam
Published: July 2020

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of betamethasone and dexamethasone on biophysical profile (BPP) parameters. In addition, it was performed in 2017, using several databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane library, ISI Web of science, Proquest, and Google scholar, along with Magiran SID and IranMedex. Eligible studies were selected by two reviewers and the outcomes of interest were extracted as well. Meta-analysis was done using the random effect model. Further, I-square statistic test was used for heterogeneity analysis and the presence of publication bias was also checked. At last, 12 studies were included and a random and fixed effect model was used for analysis. The pooled event rates were 4.5% (95% CI = 0.01-64.3, P=0.1), 76.8% (% 95 CI=33.5-95.6, P=0.21), 71.8% (% 95 CI=38.8-91.1, P=0.18), 70.9% (%95 CI=38.4-90.5, P=0.20), and 92.3% (%95 CI=76.0-97.8, P<0.001) for the reduced amniotic fluid volume, baseline fetal heart rate reactivity, fetal breathing, fetal movement, and heart rate variability, respectively. In summary, a significant decrease was observed in heart rate variability following betamethasone and dexamethasone administration. However, further systematic reviews are necessary to differentiate steroid induced changes in the fetal BPP from those due to fetal compromise
Changes in Renal Function Among Women With Preeclampsia in a Tertiary Health Institution in Nigeria
Authors: Charles Njoku , Amarachukwu Njoku , Ekpo Edet , Cajethan Emechebe
Published: July 2020

Objectives: Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-related multisystem medical disorder which adversely affects the health of the mother and fetus. Studies have shown varied changes in biochemical renal function indices in preeclampsia. These changes vary in different environments and affect renal health and pregnancy outcomes. Accordingly, this study aimed to determine changes in serum electrolytes, urea, and creatinine in women with preeclampsia in Calabar. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted on 144 pregnant women including 72 normotensive and 72 preeclamptic cases of similar age groups, with singleton pregnancies, and in the third trimester. The serum sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, chloride, urea, and creatinine were assayed in the two groups. Finally, statistical analysis was done using SPSS, version 22. Results: Based on the results, the preeclamptic group had significantly higher mean blood pressure (BP) and body mass index (BMI) compared to the normotensives. In addition, women with preeclampsia had a significant decrease in serum potassium and an increase in the serum creatinine compared to the normotensive group. The results further revealed that serum potassium, as well as systolic BP and diastolic BP had a significant inverse correlation in preeclampsia (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). Eventually, the serum creatinine had a significant positive relationship with systolic and diastolic BP (P < 0.01) Conclusions: In general, serum potassium and creatinine levels significantly altered in preeclampsia and were associated with increased disease severity. Therefore, it is suggested the serial electrolyte and creatinine profile should be used in the monitoring disease severity, which informs a timely intervention and reduces complications associated with preeclampsia.
The Effect of Short-term Foot Reflexology in Improving Constipation Symptoms During Pregnancy: A TwoArmed, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sehhatti Fahimeh , Hughes Ciara , Mirghafourvand Mojgan , Anjoman Azari Zahra
Published: July 2020

Objectives: Reflexology is a popular type of complementary medicine in medical practices, especially in midwifery fields. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled trial aimed to determine the effect of foot reflexology on idiopathic constipation symptoms, as well as anxiety and fetal activity during pregnancy. This study was conducted on seventy-four nulliparous women with constipation, referring to private and public health care centers in Tabriz-Iran, between 2017 and 2018. The participants were then randomly assigned to foot reflexology or control groups. The intervention group underwent 12 minutes of weekly foot reflexology treatment for 6 weeks. Constipation symptoms were measured at baseline and 6 times (weekly) after the intervention by the Constipation Assessment Scale (CAS). In addition, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaire was used to measure the participant’s anxiety at baseline and 6 weeks after the completion of the study. Finally, fetal movements were measured at baseline and 6 times (weekly) after the intervention using a kick chart. Results: Based on the results, 97% of women reported improvement in their CAS measures at the end of six weeks following reflexology. The mean scores of STAI at the end of the intervention were 38.5 and 42.2 (State anxiety), as well as 39.1 and 40.2 (Trait anxiety) in the reflexology and control groups, respectively. Statistically significant differences in fetal movements between the two groups were only observed in the fourth (P=0.001) and fifth weeks (P=0.007) after intervention sessions. The results further indicated that about 67% of mothers were satisfied with reflexology intervention for improvement in their constipation symptoms. Eventually, no harmful side events were reported among women. Conclusions: Short-term foot reflexology in this context may have potential healing benefits in improving constipation and anxiety symptoms during pregnancy. However, further investigation for antenatal reflexology is necessary.
Changes in Umbilical Artery Doppler Velocimetry After Betamethasone Administration in Pregnancies With Fetal Growth Retardation
Authors: Taghavi Simin , Alizadeh Ghaleh Lar Tahereh , Abasalizadeh Fatemeh , Kazemi Shishava Maryamalsadaten , Abasalizadeh Shamsi , Moosavi Sanaz , Fardi Azar Zahra , Mirghafourvand Mojgan
Published: July 2020

Objectives: The administration of betamethasone is associated with increased placental vascular resistance results in the return of the diastolic flow. This study aimed to assess the changes in the flow velocity waveform (FVW) color Doppler in the umbilical artery after the administration of betamethasone in pregnancies with fetal growth retardation (FGR). Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical research included all pregnant women who were referred to Al-Zahra teaching hospital and diagnosed with FGR. The eligibility criteria were the impaired umbilical artery FVW color Doppler, qualified for the administration of a fix-dosed Betamethasone, and no fetal abnormalities. The perinatologists performed the FVW color Doppler ultrasonography before and after the administration of betamethasone at intervals of 24, 48, and 96 hours and weeks 1 and 2. FVWs were obtained by pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasonography. Then, neonatal outcomes were recorded based on neonates’ admission documents. Finally, one-way repeated measures ANOVA, Cochran’s Q test, and paired-samples t-test were used to compare Doppler indices before and after betamethasone administration. Results: The mean pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) of the umbilical artery showed a statistically significant reduction after the administration of betamethasone (P<0.001). The measured umbilical artery PI at two weeks after drug administration predicted the neonatal intensive care unit admission (P = 0.042). Eventually, the results revealed no significant association between the amniotic fluid index (AFI) and betamethasone administration (P = 0.3). Conclusions: In general, betamethasone administration improved the FVWs of the umbilical artery in pregnant women with fetal growth restriction while no association was found between the AFI and betamethasone administration.
Signaling by AWC Olfactory Neurons Is Necessary for Caenorhabditis elegans’ Response to Prenol, an Odor Associated with Nematode-Infected Insects
Authors: Baiocchi Tiffany , Anesko Kyle , Mercado Nathan , Park Heenam , Kin Kassandra , Strickhouser-Monzon Brandon , Robles Priscila , Bowman Christian , Wang Han , Sternberg Paul W , Dillman Adler R
Published: July 2020

Chemosensation plays a role in the behaviors and life cycles of numerous organisms, including nematodes. Many guilds of nematodes exist, ranging from the free-living Caenorhabditis elegans to various parasitic species such as entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), which are parasites of insects. Despite ecological differences, previous research has shown that both EPNs and C. elegans respond to prenol (3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol), an odor associated with EPN infections. However, it is unclear how C. elegans responds to prenol. By utilizing natural variation and genetic neuron ablation to investigate the response of C. elegans to prenol, we found that the AWC neurons are involved in the detection of prenol and that several genes (including dcap-1, dcap-2, and clec-39) influence response to this odorant. Furthermore, we identified that the response to prenol is mediated by the canonically proposed pathway required for other AWC-sensed attractants. However, upon testing genetically diverse isolates, we found that the response of some strains to prenol differed from their response to isoamyl alcohol, suggesting that the pathways mediating response to these two odorants may be genetically distinct. Further, evaluations leveraging natural variation and genome wide association revealed specific genes that influence nematode behavior and provide a foundation for future studies to better understand the role of prenol in nematode behavioral ecology.
Long-Acting Reversible Contraception: Specific Issues for Adolescents
Authors: Menon Seema ,   COMMITTEE ON ADOLESCENCE, Alderman Elizabeth M. , Chung Richard J. , Grubb Laura K. , Lee Janet , Powers Makia E. , Upadhya Krishna K. , Wallace Stephenie B.
Published: July 2020

Long-acting reversible contraceptives are the most effective methods to prevent pregnancy and also offer noncontraceptive benefits such as reducing menstrual blood flow and dysmenorrhea. The safety and efficacy of long-acting reversible contraception are well established for adolescents, but the rate of use remains low for this population. The pediatrician can play a key role in increasing access to long-acting reversible contraception for adolescents by providing accurate patient-centered contraception counseling and by understanding and addressing the barriers to use.
THE OCCURRENCE OF BACTERIAL AGENTS CAUSING MASTITIS IN DAIRY SHEEP AND THEIR RESISTANCE TO ANTIBIOTICS
Authors: Zigo František , Lakticová Katarína Veszelits , M Mária Vargová
Published: July 2020

Introduction: The aim of this study was to monitor the occurrence of bacterial agents causing mastitis, forms of mastitis and antibiotic resistance in 300 ewes on a farm in Eastern Slovakia.

Material and methods: During the milking season, were performed three complex investigations including clinical examination, California Mastitis Test and laboratory analysis of milk samples. The investigations and milk samples were taken in three phases; the beginning (April), the middle (June) and the end (September) of the milking season.

Results: Of all the samples (806), 225 (28.0%) were positive for bacterial pathogens. The highest incidence of mastitis (33.3%) was recorded in September, while April (23.8%) and June (25.3%) had lower incidence. The samples from September showed the highest incidence of subclinical mastitis (20.1%), with 13.2% being an acute form of mastitis. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were identified in 61.7% of the positive samples. Especially, S. chromogenes, S. epidermidis and S. schleiferi were most frequently isolated.  Staphylococcus aureus was the causative agent in 20.0% of the positive samples and caused acute or subclinical mastitis in the affected ewes. The tested bacteria showed very high resistance to novobiocin (59.5%) and penicillin (51.4%) and high resistance to amoxycillin (35.1%). We found that 80% of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria tested for antibiotic resistance were resistant to novobiocin and 70% were resistant to penicillin. Of all tested CNS, 56.5% were resistant to novobiocin, 39.1% to penicillin, and 34.7% to amoxicillin.

Conclusion: Proper isolation and identification of the causative organism play a significant role in the prevention and control of the intramammary infection. In our study, a combinations of Streptomycin, Ciprofloxacin and Tetracycline were the most effective antibiotics for the control of mastitis.
Labyrinths of nursing training and the Brazilian National Mental Health Policy
Authors: Baião Juliana Jesus , Marcolan João Fernando
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the training of nurses from public and private educational institutions of the city of São Paulo from the perspective of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform. Methods: a qualitative, descriptive-exploratory research, using as methodological framework documentary analysis of the pedagogical projects of the participating institutions and content analysis of the interviews carried out with mental health professors. Results: it was identified that most mental health courses had insufficient workload for adequate training; theory emphasized the study of mental disorders and drug treatment; practice, in some schools, was carried out in psychiatric hospitals. There were problems that interfered with the quality of the education offered. Final considerations: educational institutions still did not offer training in undergraduate nursing from the perspective of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform.
Crescimento Econômico com Poupança Externa?
Authors: BRESSER-PEREIRA LUIZ CARLOS , NAKANO YOSHIAKI
Published: July 2020

RESUMO Os países altamente endividados, particularmente os latino-americanos, apresentaram resultados econômicos negativos na década de 1990, que são a consequência da “estratégia de crescimento com poupança externa”, ou o Segundo Consenso de Washington. Juntamente com a liberalização dos fluxos financeiros internacionais, tal estratégia, que não fez parte do primeiro consenso, levou os países, na onda de um novo ciclo mundial de fluxos de capital, a déficits elevados em conta corrente e aumento da dívida externa, ignorando a restrição da solidez e o limiar da dívida. Em termos práticos, envolvia moedas supervalorizadas (baixas taxas de câmbio) e altas taxas de juros; em termos políticos, a tentativa de controlar o déficit orçamentário enquanto o déficit em conta corrente foi ignorado. A consequência paradoxal foi a adoção, pelos países altamente endividados, do “populismo cambial”, uma forma menos óbvia, mas mais perigosa, de populismo econômico.
Morbidade materna grave em hospitais públicos de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Andrade Magna Santos , Bonifácio Lívia Pimenta , Sanchez Jazmin Andrea Cifuentes , Oliveira-Ciabati Lívia , Zaratini Fabiani Spessoto , Franzon Ana Carolina Arruda , Pileggi Vicky Nogueira , Braga Giordana Campos , Fernandes Mariana , Vieira Carolina Sales , Souza João Paulo , Vieira Elisabeth Meloni
Published: July 2020

Resumo: Este estudo objetivou investigar a ocorrência de morbidade materna grave, os critérios diagnósticos mais frequentes e a qualidade da assistência obstétrica nos hospitais públicos de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa de vigilância das morbidades maternas graves, utilizando os critérios da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) para condições potencialmente ameaçadoras à vida e near miss materno. Os casos foram identificados entre 1º de agosto de 2015 e 2 de fevereiro de 2016. Participaram 259 mulheres com morbidade materna grave (condições potencialmente ameaçadoras à vida/near miss materno) durante o ciclo gravídico-puerperal, internadas para o parto nas quatro instituições públicas com assistência obstétrica no município. Realizou-se análise descritiva a partir das frequências absolutas e relativas dos critérios diagnósticos para condições potencialmente ameaçadoras à vida e near miss materno, além da descrição das mulheres pesquisadas (caracterização sociodemográfica, antecedentes obstétricos, assistência pré-natal e ao parto). Indicadores de qualidade da assistência estabelecidos pela OMS a partir da morbimortalidade também foram calculados. Ocorreram 3.497 partos, 3.502 nascidos vivos em todos os hospitais do município, 2 mortes maternas e 19 near miss materno. A razão do near miss materno foi de 5,4 casos por 1.000 nascidos vivos, e a razão de mortalidade materna foi de 57,1 óbitos por 100 mil nascidos vivos. A taxa de mortalidade entre os casos com desfecho materno grave (somados os casos de near miss materno e morte materna) foi de 9,5%. Observou-se importante frequência de casos de condições potencialmente ameaçadoras à vida e near miss materno no presente estudo. A ocorrência de óbitos por causas hemorrágicas mostra a necessidade de melhoria da qualidade da assistência prestada. Os resultados poderão contribuir para o aprimoramento da política local de assistência obstétrica.
Lacan e o feminismo francês: a história de uma (não) relação
Authors: Cossi Rafael Kalaf
Published: July 2020

Resumo Este trabalho apresenta as teorias empreendidas pelas feministas francesas dos anos 1970, notadamente a respeito do uso e da interpretação que fizeram da psicanálise lacaniana, assim como o que consideramos ter sido a postura epistemológica que Lacan adota nesse momento. Fortemente marcadas por Derrida e o pós-estruturalismo, Irigaray e Cixous tecem suas críticas ao arsenal teórico psicanalítico supostamente condizente com o modelo patriarcal, ao passo que concebem um tipo de escrita subversiva com aspirações políticas. Também nesse intuito, Montrelay e Kristeva pretendem oferecer uma sustentação teórica consistente com o movimento. Já Wittig, marcada pelo marxismo, lê os conceitos lacanianos como determinados pela mentalidade heterossexual enquanto regime político. Sustentamos que Lacan, atento ao entusiasmo feminista do período, opta por desenvolver sua teoria da sexuação e se dedica à formalização do aforismo “Não há relação sexual”.