bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two-electron transfer stabilized by excited-state aromatization
Authors: Kim Jinseok , Oh Juwon , Park Seongchul , Zafra Jose L. , DeFrancisco Justin R. , Casanova David , Lim Manho , Tovar John D. , Casado Juan , Kim Dongho
Published: November 2019

The scientific significance of excited-state aromaticity concerns with the elucidation of processes and properties in the excited states. Here, we focus on TMTQ, an oligomer composed of a central 1,6-methano[10]annulene and 5-dicyanomethyl-thiophene peripheries (acceptor-donor-acceptor system), and investigate a two-electron transfer process dominantly stabilized by an aromatization in the low-energy lying excited state. Our spectroscopic measurements quantitatively observe the shift of two π-electrons between donor and acceptors. It is revealed that this two-electron transfer process accompanies the excited-state aromatization, producing a Baird aromatic 8π core annulene in TMTQ. Biradical character on each terminal dicyanomethylene group of TMTQ allows a pseudo triplet-like configuration on the 8π core annulene with multiexcitonic nature, which stabilizes the energetically unfavorable two-charge separated state by the formation of Baird aromatic core annulene. This finding provides a comprehensive understanding of the role of excited-state aromaticity and insight to designing functional photoactive materials.
Atomic mechanism of strong interactions at the graphene/sapphire interface
Authors: Dou Zhipeng , Chen Zhaolong , Li Ning , Yang Shenyuan , Yu Zhiwei , Sun Yuanwei , Li Yuehui , Liu Bingyao , Luo Qiang , Ma Tianbao , Liao Lei , Liu Zhongfan , Gao Peng
Published: November 2019

For atomically thin two-dimensional materials, interfacial effects may dominate the entire response of devices, because most of the atoms are in the interface/surface. Graphene/sapphire has great application in electronic devices and semiconductor thin-film growth, but the nature of this interface is largely unknown. Here we find that the sapphire surface has a strong interaction with some of the carbon atoms in graphene to form a C-O-Al configuration, indicating that the interface interaction is no longer a simple van der Waals interaction. In addition, the structural relaxation of sapphire near the interface is significantly suppressed and very different from that of a bare sapphire surface. Such an interfacial C-O-Al bond is formed during graphene growth at high temperature. Our study provides valuable insights into understanding the electronic structures of graphene on sapphire and remote control of epitaxy growth of thin films by using a graphene–sapphire substrate.
Topological phases in pyrochlore thallium niobate Tl2Nb2O6+x
Authors: Zhang Wei , Luo Kaifa , Chen Zhendong , Zhu Ziming , Yu Rui , Fang Chen , Weng Hongming
Published: November 2019

The discovery of new topological electronic materials brings a chance to uncover new physics. Up to now, many materials have been theoretically proposed and experimentally proved to host different kinds of topological states. Unfortunately, there is little convincing experimental evidence for the existence of topological oxides. The reason is that oxidation of oxygen leads to ionic crystal in general and makes band inversion unlikely. In addition, the realization of different topological states in a single material is quite difficult, but strongly needed for exploring topological phase transitions. In this work, using first-principles calculations and symmetry analysis, we propose that the experimentally tunable continuous solid solution of oxygen in pyrochlore Tl2Nb2O6+x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) leads to various topological states. Topological insulator, Dirac semimetal, and triply degenerate nodal point semimetal can be realized in it via changing the oxygen content and/or tuning the crystalline symmetries. When x = 1, it is a semimetal with quadratic band touching point at Fermi level. It transits into a Dirac semimetal or a topological insulator depending on the in-plane strain. When x = 0.5, the inversion symmetry is spontaneously broken in Tl2Nb2O6.5, leading to triply degenerate nodal points. When x = 0, Tl2Nb2O6 becomes a trivial insulator with a narrow band gap. These topological phase transitions driven by solid solution of oxygen are unique and physically plausible due to the variation of valence state of Tl+ and Tl3+. This topological oxide will be promising for studying correlation induced topological states and potential applications.
Computational framework chinook for angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
Authors: Day Ryan P. , Zwartsenberg Berend , Elfimov Ilya S. , Damascelli Andrea
Published: November 2019

We have developed the numerical software package chinook for the simulation of photoemission matrix elements. This quantity encodes a depth of information regarding the orbital structure of the underlying wavefunctions from which photoemission occurs. Extraction of this information is often nontrivial, owing to the influence of the experimental geometry and photoelectron interference, precluding straightforward solutions. The chinook code has been designed to simulate and predict the ARPES intensity measured for arbitrary experimental configuration, including photon-energy, polarization, and spin-projection, as well as consideration of both surface-projected slab and bulk models. This framework then facilitates an efficient interpretation of the ARPES, allowing for a deeper understanding of the electronic structure in addition to the design of new experiments which leverage the matrix element effects towards the objective of selective photoemission from states of particular interest.
Wide-area low-energy surface stimulation of large mammalian ventricular tissue
Authors: Moreno Angel , Walton Richard D. , Constantin Marion , Bernus Olivier , Vigmond Edward J. , Bayer Jason D.
Published: November 2019

The epicardial and endocardial surfaces of the heart are attractive targets to administer antiarrhythmic electrotherapies. Electrically stimulating wide areas of the surfaces of small mammalian ventricles is straightforward given the relatively small scale of their myocardial dimensions compared to the tissue space constant and electrical field. However, it has yet to be proven for larger mammalian hearts with tissue properties and ventricular dimensions closer to humans. Our goal was to address the feasibility and impact of wide-area electrical stimulation on the ventricular surfaces of large mammalian hearts at different stimulus strengths. This was accomplished by placing long line electrodes on the ventricular surfaces of pig hearts that span wide areas, and activating them individually. Stimulus efficacy was assessed and compared between surfaces, and tissue viability was evaluated. Activation time was dependent on stimulation strength and location, achieving uniform linear stimulation at 9x threshold strength. Endocardial stimulation activated more tissue transmurally than epicardial stimulation, which could be considered a potential target for future cardiac electrotherapies. Overall, our results indicate that electrically stimulating wide areas of the ventricular surfaces of large mammals is achievable with line electrodes, minimal tissue damage, and energies under the human pain threshold (100 mJ).
Removal of deep-sea sponges by bottom trawling in the Flemish Cap area: conservation, ecology and economic assessment
Authors: Pham C. K. , Murillo F. J. , Lirette C. , Maldonado M. , Colaço A. , Ottaviani D. , Kenchington E.
Published: November 2019

Deep-sea sponge grounds are vulnerable marine ecosystems, which through their benthic-pelagic coupling of nutrients, are of functional relevance to the deep-sea realm. The impact of fishing bycatch is here evaluated for the first time at a bathyal, sponge-dominated ecosystem in the high seas managed by the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization. Sponge biomass surface created from research survey data using random forest modeling revealed 231,136 t of sponges in the area. About 42% of that biomass was protected by current fisheries closures. However, projections of trawling tracks estimated that the sponge biomass within them would be wiped out in just 1 year by the current level of fishing activity if directed on the sponges. Because these sponges filter 56,143 ± 15,047 million litres of seawater daily, consume 63.11 ± 11.83 t of organic carbon through respiration, and affect the turnover of several nitrogen nutrients, their removal would likely affect the delicate ecological equilibrium of the deep-sea benthic ecosystem. We estimated that, on Flemish Cap, the economic value associated with seawater filtration by the sponges is nearly double the market value of the fish catch. Hence, fishery closures are essential to reach sponge conservation goals as economic drivers cannot be relied upon.
A molecular detection approach for a cotton aphid-parasitoid complex in northern China
Authors: Zhu Yu-Lin , Yang Fan , Yao Zhi-Wen , Wu Yue-Kun , Liu Bing , Yuan Hai-Bin , Lu Yan-Hui
Published: November 2019

Aphid-parasitoid interactions have been widely used as a model system in research studies on the structure and functions of arthropod food web. Research on aphid-parasitoid food webs is hindered by their micromorphological characteristics and the high amount of labor associated with their development. Species-specific primers for cotton aphids and their parasitoids were designed and integrated into two multiplex PCRs and six singleplex PCRs, and all PCRs were optimized to achieve high specificity and sensitivity (100–10,000 DNA copies). One cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii) as well as three primary parasitoid and seven hyperparasitoid species or genera were detected using this molecular approach. This group comprises all the primary parasitoids and 97.2–99.6% of the hyperparasitoids reported in cotton fields in northern China. A tritrophic aphid-primary parasitoid-hyperparasitoid food web was then established. The described method constitutes an efficient tool for quantitatively describing the aphid-primary parasitoid-hyperparasitoid food webs and assessing the efficiency of the biological control of parasitoids in cotton fields in northern China.
Engel’s law in the commodity composition of exports
Authors: Choi Sung-Gook , Lee Deok-Sun
Published: November 2019

Different shares of distinct commodity sectors in production, trade, and consumption illustrate how resources and capital are allocated and invested. Economic progress has been claimed to change the share distribution in a universal manner as exemplified by the Engel’s law for the household expenditure and the shift from primary to manufacturing and service sector in the three sector model. Searching for large-scale quantitative evidence of such correlation, we analyze the gross-domestic product (GDP) and international trade data based on the standard international trade classification (SITC) in the period 1962 to 2000. Three categories, among ten in the SITC, are found to have their export shares significantly correlated with the GDP over countries and time; The machinery category has positive and food and crude materials have negative correlations. The export shares of commodity categories of a country are related to its GDP by a power-law with the exponents characterizing the GDP-elasticity of their export shares. The distance between two countries in terms of their export portfolios is measured to identify several clusters of countries sharing similar portfolios in 1962 and 2000. We show that the countries whose GDP is increased significantly in the period are likely to transit to the clusters displaying large share of the machinery category.
A pH-dependent bolt involving cytosine bases located in the lateral loops of antiparallel G-quadruplex structures within the SMARCA4 gene promotor
Authors: Benabou Sanae , Mazzini Stefania , Aviñó Anna , Eritja Ramon , Gargallo Raimundo
Published: November 2019

Some lung and ovarian tumors are connected to the loss of expression of SMARCA4 gene. In its promoter region, a 44-nucleotides long guanine sequence prone to form G-quadruplex structures has been studied by means of spectroscopic techniques (circular dichroism, molecular absorption and nuclear magnetic resonance), size exclusion chromatography and multivariate analysis. The results have shown that the central 21-nucleotides long sequence comprising four guanine tracts of disparate length is able to fold into a pH-dependent ensemble of G-quadruplex structures. Based on acid-base titrations and melting experiments of wild and mutated sequences, the formation of a C·C+ base pair between cytosine bases present at the two lateral loops is shown to promote a reduction in conformational heterogeneity, as well as an increase in thermal stability. The formation of this base pair is characterized by a pKa value of 7.1 ± 0.2 at 20 °C and 150 mM KCl. This value, higher than those usually found in i-motif structures, is related to the additional stability provided by guanine tetrads in the G-quadruplex. To our knowledge, this is the first thermodynamic description of this base pair in loops of antiparallel G-quadruplex structures.
Germline variants associated with leukocyte genes predict tumor recurrence in breast cancer patients
Authors: Milanese Jean-Sébastien , Tibiche Chabane , Zou Jinfeng , Meng Zhigang , Nantel Andre , Drouin Simon , Marcotte Richard , Wang Edwin
Published: November 2019

Germline variants such as BRCA1/2 play an important role in tumorigenesis and clinical outcomes of cancer patients. However, only a small fraction (i.e., 5–10%) of inherited variants has been associated with clinical outcomes (e.g., BRCA1/2, APC, TP53, PTEN and so on). The challenge remains in using these inherited germline variants to predict clinical outcomes of cancer patient population. In an attempt to solve this issue, we applied our recently developed algorithm, eTumorMetastasis, which constructs predictive models, on exome sequencing data to ER+ breast (n = 755) cancer patients. Gene signatures derived from the genes containing functionally germline variants significantly distinguished recurred and non-recurred patients in two ER+ breast cancer independent cohorts (n = 200 and 295, P = 1.4 × 10−3). Furthermore, we compared our results with the widely known Oncotype DX test (i.e., Oncotype DX breast cancer recurrence score) and outperformed prediction for both high- and low-risk groups. Finally, we found that recurred patients possessed a higher rate of germline variants. In addition, the inherited germline variants from these gene signatures were predominately enriched in T cell function, antigen presentation, and cytokine interactions, likely impairing the adaptive and innate immune response thus favoring a pro-tumorigenic environment. Hence, germline genomic information could be used for developing non-invasive genomic tests for predicting patients’ outcomes in breast cancer.
Nonlocal dielectric function and nested dark excitons in MoS2
Authors: Koitzsch Andreas , Pawlik Anna-Sophie , Habenicht Carsten , Klaproth Tom , Schuster Roman , Büchner Bernd , Knupfer Martin
Published: November 2019

Their exceptional optical properties are a driving force for the persistent interest in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides such as MoS2. The optical response is dominated by excitons. Apart from the bright excitons, which directly couple to light, it has been realized that dark excitons, where photon absorption or emission is inhibited by the spin state or momentum mismatch, are decisive for many optical properties. However, in particular the momentum dependence is difficult to assess experimentally and often remains elusive or is investigated by indirect means. Here we study the momentum dependent electronic structure experimentally and theoretically. We use angle-resolved photoemission as a one-particle probe of the occupied valence band structure and electron energy loss spectroscopy as a two-particle probe of electronic transitions across the gap to benchmark a single-particle model of the dielectric function $$\epsilon ({\bf{q}},\omega )$$

ϵ

(

q
,
ω

)

against momentum dependent experimental measurements. This ansatz captures key aspects of the data surprisingly well. In particular, the energy region where substantial nesting occurs, which is at the origin of the strong light–matter interaction of thin transition metal dichalcogenides and crucial for the prominent C-exciton, is described well and spans a more complex exciton landscape than previously anticipated. Its local maxima in $$({\bf{q}}\ \ne \ 0,\omega )$$

(

q

≠

0
,
ω

)

space can be considered as dark excitons and might be relevant for higher order optical processes. Our study may lead to a more complete understanding of the optical properties of atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides.
Phylogenomics investigation of sparids (Teleostei: Spariformes) using high-quality proteomes highlights the importance of taxon sampling
Authors: Natsidis Paschalis , Tsakogiannis Alexandros , Pavlidis Pavlos , Tsigenopoulos Costas S. , Manousaki Tereza
Published: November 2019

Sparidae (Teleostei: Spariformes) are a family of fish constituted by approximately 150 species with high popularity and commercial value, such as porgies and seabreams. Although the phylogeny of this family has been investigated multiple times, its position among other teleost groups remains ambiguous. Most studies have used a single or few genes to decipher the phylogenetic relationships of sparids. Here, we conducted a thorough phylogenomic analysis using five recently available Sparidae gene-sets and 26 high-quality, genome-predicted teleost proteomes. Our analysis suggested that Tetraodontiformes (puffer fish, sunfish) are the closest relatives to sparids than all other groups used. By analytically comparing this result to our own previous contradicting finding, we show that this discordance is not due to different orthology assignment algorithms; on the contrary, we prove that it is caused by the increased taxon sampling of the present study, outlining the great importance of this aspect in phylogenomic analyses in general.
Dynamic electromagnonic crystal based on artificial multiferroic heterostructure
Authors: Ustinov Alexey B. , Drozdovskii Andrei V. , Nikitin Andrey A. , Semenov Alexander A. , Bozhko Dmytro A. , Serga Alexander A. , Hillebrands Burkard , Lähderanta Erkki , Kalinikos Boris A.
Published: November 2019

One of the main challenges for the modern magnonics, which, as opposed to the conventional electronics, operates with quanta of spin waves in magnetically ordered materials—magnons—is energy efficient control of magnon transport on small time and space scales. The magnon propagation in a time-dependent periodic spatial potentials—dynamic magnonic crystals—paves a way to this aim. To date, dynamic manipulation of the magnonic crystals has been realized with electric current and optic control influence. However, both approaches show limited potential for reduction in energy consumption and miniaturization of magnonic circuits. Voltage (or electric field) control of magnon currents promises to be fast and low energy consuming. It can be achieved in ferrite-ferroelectric (multiferroic) heterostructures, where strong coupling of magnons and microwave photons constitutes new quasiparticles called electromagnons. Here, we present an experimental realization of a voltage-controlled dynamic electromagnonic crystal operating with electromagnons at microwave frequencies.
Analysis of ether glycerophosphocholines at the level of CC locations from human plasma
Authors: Lin Qiaohong , Zhang Donghui , Xia Yu
Published: November 2019

Near-complete structural characterization is achieved for ether PCs by coupling offline Paternò–Büchi derivatization with MS/MS.
Simple construction of deep-red hexaazatrinaphthylene-based thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters for efficient solution-processed OLEDs with a peak at 692 nm
Authors: Zhou Xue , Xiang Yepeng , Gong Shaolong , Chen Zhanxiang , Ni Fan , Xie Guohua , Yang Chuluo
Published: November 2019

Solution-processable deep-red TADF emitters are simply constructed through a catalyst-free nucleophilic substitution reaction, and enable high-performance OLEDs with an EQE of 4.8% and electroluminescence emission peak at 692 nm.
Stereoselective three-component cascade synthesis of α-substituted 2,4-dienamides from gem-difluorochloro ethanes
Authors: Das Shyamsundar , Ko Nakeun , Lee Eunsung , Kim Sang Eun , Lee Byung Chul
Published: November 2019

Herein, we describe a new transition metal-free Claisen rearrangement for the synthesis of α-substituted 2,4-dienamide. This one-pot, stereoselective three-component cascade reaction affords various polysubstituted 2,4-dienamides in good yields.
Acid-catalyzed synthesis of condensed polycyclic diaryl ethers from arenols
Authors: Tanii Saori , Arisawa Mieko , Yamaguchi Masahiko
Published: November 2019

Diaryl ethers containing condensed polycyclic aryl groups were synthesized from arenols in the presence of a catalytic amount of p-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid.
Rapid access to (cycloalkyl)tellurophene oligomer mixtures and the first poly(3-aryltellurophene)
Authors: Luppi Bruno T. , McDonald Robert , Ferguson Michael J. , Sang Lingzi , Rivard Eric
Published: November 2019

New poly- and oligotellurophenes bearing cycloalkyl and 3-aryl substituents have been reported, with narrow band gaps approaching 1.3 eV observed.
Nanomolar detection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) using a nanostructured fluorescent chemosensing ensemble
Authors: Huang Ling-Xi , Guo Qing , Chen Yong , Verwilst Peter , Son Subin , Wu Jia-Bin , Cao Qian-Yong , Kim Jong Seung
Published: November 2019

A simple nanostructured chemosensing ensemble for fluorescent turn-on sensing of ATP in aqueous solutions and inside living cells using the indicator displacement assay (IDA) method results in a very low detection limit of 6.8 nM.
Enhanced electrochemical sensing of dopamine in the presence of AA and UA using a curcumin functionalized gold nanoparticle modified electrode
Authors: Kumar K. Krishna , Devendiran M. , Kalaivani R. A. , Narayanan S. Sriman
Published: November 2019

In the present study, a electrochemical sensor for the determination of dopamine was developed with green synthesised gold nanoparticles using curcumin as a reducing and, functionalizing agent.
Controlling surface cation segregation in a nanostructured double perovskite GdBaCo2O5+δ electrode for solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Anjum Uzma , Agarwal Manish , Khan Tuhin Suvra , Prateek Prateek , Gupta Raju Kumar , Haider M. Ali
Published: November 2019

Mechanistic studies, utilizing molecular dynamics (MD) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, were undertaken to provide a molecular level explanation of Ba cation segregation in double perovskite GdBaCo2O5+δ (GBCO) electrodes.
Pine cone mold: a toolbox for fabricating unique metal/carbon nanohybrid electrocatalysts
Authors: Han Hyunwoo , Noh Seonmyeong , Chae Sunbin , Kim Semin , Choi Yunseok , Le Thanh-Hai , Chang Mincheol , Kim Hyungwoo , Yoon Hyeonseok
Published: November 2019

Nature presents delicate and complex materials systems beyond those fathomable by humans. This work demonstrates the use of pine cones as a biomass mold for creating new metal/carbon nanohybrids.
Synergistic ligand exchange and UV curing of PbS quantum dots for effective surface passivation
Authors: Tavakoli Dastjerdi Hadi , Prochowicz Daniel , Yadav Pankaj , Tavakoli Mohammad Mahdi
Published: November 2019

UV curing of PbS QDs during ligand exchange process leads to effective suppression of surface trap states and reduced nonradiative recombination.
Visible-light-mediated direct C3-arylation of 2H-indazoles enabled by an electron-donor–acceptor complex
Authors: Aganda Kim Christopher C. , Kim Junyoung , Lee Anna
Published: November 2019

An efficient method for the synthesis of C3-arylated 2H-indazoles by an electron-donor–acceptor complex is reported.
Control over chiroptical and electronic properties of poly(9,9′-bifluorenylidene) bearing chiral side chains
Authors: Xu Jinjia
Published: November 2019

The introduction of chiral side chains at peripheral positions of the 9,9′-bifluorenylidene moiety causes an efficient bias to its dynamic molecular helicity, which helps control the chiroptical and electronic properties of resultant polymers.
Resurrection of ancestral effector caspases identifies novel networks for evolution of substrate specificity
Authors: Grinshpon Robert D. , Shrestha Suman , Titus-McQuillan James , Hamilton Paul T. , Swartz Paul D. , Clark A. Clay
Published: November 2019

Apoptotic caspases evolved with metazoans more than 950 million years ago (MYA), and a series of gene duplications resulted in two subfamilies consisting of initiator and effector caspases. The effector caspase genes (caspases-3, -6, and -7) were subsequently fixed into the Chordata phylum more than 650 MYA when the gene for a common ancestor (CA) duplicated, and the three effector caspases have persisted throughout mammalian evolution. All caspases prefer an aspartate residue at the P1 position of substrates, so each caspase evolved discrete cellular roles through changes in substrate recognition at the P4 position combined with allosteric regulation. We examined the evolution of substrate specificity in caspase-6, which prefers valine at the P4 residue, compared with caspases-3 and -7, which prefer aspartate, by reconstructing the CA of effector caspases (AncCP-Ef1) and the CA of caspase-6 (AncCP-6An). We show that AncCP-Ef1 is a promiscuous enzyme with little distinction between Asp, Val, or Leu at P4. The specificity of caspase-6 was defined early in its evolution, where AncCP-6An demonstrates a preference for Val over Asp at P4. Structures of AncCP-Ef1 and of AncCP-6An show a network of charged amino acids near the S4 pocket that, when combined with repositioning a flexible active site loop, resulted in a more hydrophobic binding pocket in AncCP-6An. The ancestral protein reconstructions show that the caspase-hemoglobinase fold has been conserved for over 650 million years and that only three substitutions in the scaffold are necessary to shift substrate selection toward Val over Asp.
Derived sequences of complementary symmetric Rote sequences
Authors: Medková Kateřina , Pelantová Edita , Vuillon Laurent
Published: November 2019

Complementary symmetric Rote sequences are binary sequences which have factor complexityC(n) = 2nfor all integersn≥ 1 and whose languages are closed under the exchange of letters. These sequences are intimately linked to Sturmian sequences. Using this connection we investigate the return words and the derived sequences to the prefixes of any complementary symmetric Rote sequencevwhich is associated with a standard Sturmian sequenceu. We show that any non-empty prefix ofvhas three return words. We prove that any derived sequence ofvis coding of three interval exchange transformation and we determine the parameters of this transformation. We also prove thatvis primitive substitutive if and only ifuis primitive substitutive. Moreover, if the sequenceuis a fixed point of a primitive morphism, then all derived sequences ofvare also fixed by primitive morphisms. In that case we provide an algorithm for finding these fixing morphisms.
Charnley femoral cemented stem with a permeable and resorbable cement restrictor and low-viscosity cement
Authors: Prudhon Jean-Louis , Caton Jacques H. , Aslanian Thierry
Published: November 2019

Introduction: In 1979, in his first book dealing with low-friction arthroplasty (LFA), Charnley highlighted the use of a cement restrictor. Breusch and Malchau described in 2005 the “second-generation cementing technique.”

The main objective of this study was to report on the clinical survival of 100 cases of Charnley femoral component implanted in 2007 and 2008 using a permeable and resorbable cement restrictor and a low-viscosity antibiotic-loaded cement.

The secondary objectives were to analyze the complications and side effects and the accuracy of the device positioning.

Material and methods: This was a monocentric retrospective review of a prospectively compiled database.

Diaphyseal restrictor was biodegradable and permeable to gas, blood, and fluids to avoid intramedullary over pression during cementation. The cement was a low-viscosity antibiotic-loaded cement.

Among 3555 patients, we selected the first continuous 100 cases of patients where we implanted the device.

Survival probability was computed according to Kaplan–Meier method.

Results: Mean follow-up was 6.55 ± 2.6 (range 1–11).

Considering femoral component revision as the endpoint, survival rate was 100%.

No patients died intraoperatively, none in the first month and the first year after surgery.

No early periprosthetic fractures have been reported.

Discussion: As described initially by Charnley, the use of a cement restrictor was highly recommended through the different generations of cementing techniques.

Hypotensive episodes and cardiac arrest have been reported during cement insertion.

In our series, we did not deplore any adverse effect related to the cementation.

Conclusion: Our study demonstrates a 100% survival rate of a cemented femoral component without adverse effects when using routinely a resorbable and permeable cement restrictor and a low-viscosity cement. Bone cement is still a fantastic ally for the surgeon and the patients.
Dolor en la Artrosis de Rodilla
Authors: López C. Alejandro Álvarez , Soto-Carrasco Sergio Ricardo , Lorenzo Yenima de la Caridad García
Published: November 2019

El dolor constituye el síntoma fundamental de la artrosis, sus características e interpretación permiten el diagnóstico certero y también conocer la magnitud de esa entidad. El objetivo de este trabajo, es profundizar los conocimientos sobre los elementos más esenciales relacionados con el dolor en la artrosis de la rodilla. Se describen las causas mecánicas y bioquímicas del dolor, entre las que resaltan el dolor óseo, sinovial, así como los factores bioquímicos relacionados con ese síntoma. Se hace referencia a las principales estructuras anatómicas responsables del dolor y sus mecanismos de acción. Se mencionan la relación existente entre ese síntoma y las modalidades imagenológicas, así como los patrones del dolor. Para finalizar, se hace referencia a las escalas de dolor usadas.
Reperfusion Injury with Compartment Syndrome Following Systemic Thrombolysis for Cardiac Catheterization-Related Arterial Thrombosis in an Infant
Authors: Zhang Dyan Zhewei , Tan Teng Hong , Wong Kenneth Pak Leung , Sundaraghavan Sreekanthan , Choo Jonathan Tze Liang
Published: November 2019

Systemic thrombolysis is increasingly used for management of arterial thrombosis following cardiac catheterization, and complications apart from bleeding manifestations are not well reported. We report the case of an infant with lower limb ischemia secondary to femoral arterial thrombosis, which developed after cardiac catheterization. Systemic thrombolysis resulted in successful reperfusion of the lower limb. However, the infant subsequently developed compartment syndrome, requiring an emergent fasciotomy. This case highlights the importance of surveillance for the development of reperfusion injury-related compartment syndrome postsystemic thrombolysis for arterial thrombosis.
Gyrofluid modeling of magnetosphere in feedback instability
Authors: Nishimura Seiya
Published: November 2019

Feedback instability occurs in a coupling system of the magnetosphere and the ionosphere, and is a theoretical model explaining spontaneous development of the quiet aurora. In this study, we extend a model of the magnetosphere in the feedback instability to the gyrofluid model. This extension makes it possible to properly discuss kinetic effects, such as the finite Larmor radius effect, the Landau damping, and the mirror force, on the feedback instability in a framework of a fluid model. The derived model is applied to linear stability analysis of the low-frequency feedback instability in the absence of the mirror force. An analytical expression of the parallel electron momentum diffusion coefficient associated with the electron Landau damping is obtained by considering a Landau-fluid closure model. It is found that high-wavenumber modes are strongly affected by the finite ion Larmor radius effect and the electron Landau damping. In particular, a stabilizing effect of the electron Landau damping is dominant and stronger for high-parallel-wavenumber modes. This result indicates that the lowest-parallel-wavenumber mode primarily grows during the spontaneous development of the quiet aurora.
Chain stiffness bridges conventional polymer and bio-molecular phases
Authors: Škrbić Tatjana , Banavar Jayanth R. , Giacometti Achille
Published: November 2019

Chain molecules play important roles in industry and in living cells. Our focus here is on distinct ways of modeling the stiffness inherent in a chain molecule. We consider three types of stiffnesses—one yielding an energy penalty for local bends (energetic stiffness) and the other two forbidding certain classes of chain conformations (entropic stiffness). Using detailed Wang-Landau microcanonical Monte Carlo simulations, we study the interplay between the nature of the stiffness and the ground state conformation of a self-attracting chain. We find a wide range of ground state conformations, including a coil, a globule, a toroid, rods, helices, and zig-zag strands resembling β-sheets, as well as knotted conformations allowing us to bridge conventional polymer phases and biomolecular phases. An analytical mapping is derived between the persistence lengths stemming from energetic and entropic stiffness. Our study shows unambiguously that different stiffnesses play different physical roles and have very distinct effects on the nature of the ground state of the conformation of a chain, even if they lead to identical persistence lengths.
Anomalous behaviors of elastic constants of lead-free piezoelectric (Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3-5%BaTiO3 single crystals studied by Brillouin spectroscopy
Authors: Lee Byoung Wan , Lee Jeong Woo , Ko Jae-Hyeon , Li Xiaobing , Luo Haosu
Published: November 2019

The acoustic properties of unpoled (Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3-5%BaTiO3 (NBT-5%BT) lead-free single crystals were investigated over a wide temperature range from 740 °C to room temperature. Temperature dependences of sound velocities, acoustic attenuation coefficients, and independent elastic constants were determined by using Brillouin spectroscopy. Among the three symmetrized eigen elastic constants C44, (C11 − C12)/2, and C11 + 2C12, (C11 − C12)/2 was the smallest and showed the largest softening at high temperatures above the dielectric maximum temperature (Tm). The softening of (C11 − C12)/2 resulted in the substantial increase of the elastic anisotropy parameter defined as 2C44/(C11 − C12). This suggested that the local symmetry and the associated structural instability of local polar distortions were tetragonal. The onset temperature of quasistatic dynamics of polar nanoregions was ∼500 °C at which all four attenuation coefficients began to increase noticeably. The broad and diffused acoustic anomalies indicated that the low-temperature phase is a typical relaxor state without any long-range order. However, the noncubic local distortions at low temperatures seem to drive the average symmetry of NBT-5%BT to deviate from the cubic phase because the premise of three independent elastic constants for the ideal cubic phase was no longer valid below Tm.
On the temperature dependence of the efficiency of electroluminescence
Authors: Casado Alberto , Radevici Ivan , Sadi Toufik , Oksanen Jani
Published: November 2019

Electroluminescent cooling (ELC) of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) generally requires very high light emission efficiency. Earlier studies of electroluminescence and photoluminescence suggest that temperature strongly affects the light emission efficiency and, therefore, it is useful to explore the temperature range below room temperature (RT) where ELC might be easier to observe. With that purpose in mind, we electrically characterized four differently sized (0.2, 0.5, and 1 mm diameter) test devices, consisting of LEDs coupled with integrated photodetectors, at temperatures ranging from 100 K to 300 K to investigate how the temperature affects the efficiency of the structures in practice. We found that, for the studied devices, both the quantum efficiency and the overall efficiency indeed increase for low temperatures and reach peak values at temperatures clearly below RT. We also found that the temperature at which the peak efficiency occurs shifts toward higher values as the absolute value of the efficiency increases.
An inexpensive crystal makes a fine quantum time machine
Authors: Miller Johanna L.
Published: November 2019

To understand the intricacies of thermodynamics in the quantum regime, it helps to be able to turn back the clock.
An odd fluid shows its inner workings
Authors: Berkowitz Rachel
Published: November 2019

Viscous forces drive waves along a two-dimensional fluid’s free surface.
Superconductivity is found in a nickel oxide
Authors: Wilson R. Mark
Published: November 2019

A long-sought structural and electronic analogue of the cuprate superconductors has finally been synthesized.
Trade wars and other geopolitical tensions strain US–China scientific collaborations
Authors: Feder Toni
Published: November 2019

Researchers are increasingly on edge about collaborations that until recently were encouraged.
Separating signal from noise to solve a nuclear puzzle
Authors: Kramer David
Published: November 2019

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory develops radioisotope and particle detectors that can distinguish the production of medical isotopes from the testing of nuclear warheads.
Paul Dirac and the Nobel Prize in Physics
Authors: Larsson Mats , Balatsky Alexander
Published: November 2019

Despite the elegance of Paul Dirac’s theoretical work, the Nobel Committee nearly passed him over for the prize—until a timely experiment confirmed one of his predictions.
Phosphorus fertiliser management for pastures based on native grasses in south-eastern Australia
Authors: Mitchell M. L. , McCaskill M. R. , Armstrong R. D.
Published: November 2019

Approximately 3.1 Mha (22%) of the agricultural area of south-eastern Australia can be classified as native pasture. There is the assumption that, owing to the widespread occurrence of low-fertility soils in Australia, native grass species do not respond to increased phosphorus (P) fertility. Currently, there are no industry recommendations of target soil-test P values for native-grass-based pastures. This paper reviews the responses of perennial native pasture species endemic to south-eastern Australia to P application in controlled environments, surveys, replicated experiments and paired-paddock trials. Eighty-seven site-years of trial data where different levels of P were applied, conducted over the last two decades, on native-based pastures in south-eastern Australia are reviewed. Data indicate that application of P fertilisers to native grass pastures can increase dry matter (DM) production and maintain pasture stability. However, minimum targets for herbage mass (800 kg DM/ha) and groundcover (80%) are required to ensure persistence of perennial native grasses. Stocking rates also need to match carrying capacity of the pasture. Based on previous research, we recommend target soil-test (Olsen; 0–10 cm) P levels for fertility-tolerant native grass pastures, based on Microlaena stipoides, Rytidosperma caespitosum, R. fulvum, R. richardsonii, R. duttonianum and R. racemosum, of 10–13 mg/kg, whereas for pastures based on fertility-intolerant species such as Themeda triandra, lower levels of <6 mg/kg are required to ensure botanical stability.
Whyvery goodin India might bepretty goodin North America
Authors: Wagner Susanne
Published: November 2019

Situated at the interface of several sub-disciplines (corpus linguistics, World Englishes, variationist sociolinguistics), this study investigates patterns of adjectival amplification (very good,so glad,pretty cool) in the Corpus of Global Web-Based English (GloWbE). It highlights regional distributions/preferences of amplifier-adjective 2-grams and the idiosyncratic status of certain bigrams according to their frequency status. Globally, clear regional preferences in amplification patterns as well as possible trends concerning change are identified. Regionally, L1 varieties contrast starkly with some regions (Africa, Indian subcontinent) but – maybe unexpectedly – not with others (Southeast Asia). The results offer insights into current trajectories of change concerning the investigated amplifiers in certain regions and 2-grams: North American varieties are leading a trend away fromverytowardssoand possiblyprettyin the future.
Phonological CorpusTools
Authors: Hall Kathleen Currie , Mackie J. Scott , Lo Roger Yu-Hsiang
Published: November 2019

Phonological analysis increasingly involves the quantification of various lexical and/or usage statistics, such as phonotactic probabilities, the functional loads of various phonemic contrasts, or neighbourhood densities. This paper presentsPhonological CorpusTools, a free, open-source software for conducting such phonological analyses on transcribed corpora. The motivations for creating the software are given, along with an overview of the structure of the program, its analysis algorithms, and its applications within phonology.
Silicon carbide particulates incorporated into microalloyed steel surface using TIG: Microstructure and properties
Authors: Muñoz-Escalona P. , Sillars F. , Marrocco T. , Edgar R. , Mridha S. , Baker T. N.
Published: November 2019

Surface metal matrix composites have been developed to enhance properties such as erosion, wear and corrosion of alloys. In this study, ∼5 µm or ∼75 SiC particulates were preplaced on a microalloyed steel. Single track surface zones were melted by a tungsten inert gas torch, and the effect of two heat inputs, 420 and 840 J mm−1, compared. The results showed that the samples melted using 420 J mm−1 were crack-free. Pin-on-disk wear testing under dry sliding conditions was conducted. The effects of load and sliding velocity were used to characterise the performance of the crack-free samples. Microstructural and X-ray diffraction studies of the surface showed that the SiC had dissolved, and that martensite, was the main phase influencing the hardness.
Effect of carbon-fibre powder on friction and wear properties of copper-matrix composites
Authors: Song Yang , Fan Jianglei , Wu Shen , Liu Jianxiu , Zhang Chi , Li Yuwen
Published: November 2019

The copper-matrix composite contains carbon-fibre powder which is prepared using a powder metallurgy sintering process in an effort to examine the effects of 50-mesh (270 μm) carbon-fibre powder on the microstructure and, friction and wear properties of copper matrix composites at high speed. When carbon-fibre powder is added within a certain range, the friction coefficient of the composite material is increased and the amount of wear is greatly reduced, When the content of carbon-fibre powder is 0.2wt-%, the hardness, density, friction and wear properties of the copper-based composite material has the best combination.
CDK1-mediated CENP-C phosphorylation modulates CENP-A binding and mitotic kinetochore localization
Authors: Watanabe Reito , Hara Masatoshi , Okumura Ei-ichi , Hervé Solène , Fachinetti Daniele , Ariyoshi Mariko , Fukagawa Tatsuo
Published: November 2019

The kinetochore is essential for faithful chromosome segregation during mitosis. To form a functional kinetochore, constitutive centromere-associated network (CCAN) proteins are assembled on the centromere chromatin that contains the centromere-specific histone CENP-A. CENP-C, a CCAN protein, directly interacts with the CENP-A nucleosome to nucleate the kinetochore structure. As CENP-C is a hub protein for kinetochore assembly, it is critical to address how the CENP-A–CENP-C interaction is regulated during cell cycle progression. To address this question, we investigated the CENP-C C-terminal region, including a conserved CENP-A–binding motif, in both chicken and human cells and found that CDK1-mediated phosphorylation of CENP-C facilitates its binding to CENP-A in vitro and in vivo. We observed that CENP-A binding is involved in CENP-C kinetochore localization during mitosis. We also demonstrate that the CENP-A–CENP-C interaction is critical for long-term viability in human RPE-1 cells. These results provide deeper insights into protein-interaction network plasticity in centromere proteins during cell cycle progression.
The optical control of phase locking of polariton condensates
Authors: Chestnov I Y , Kavokin A V , Yulin A V
Published: November 2019

The phase and the frequency of an exciton polariton condensate excited by a nonresonant pump can be efficiently manipulated by an external coherent light. Being tuned close to the resonance with the condensate eigenfrequency, the external laser light imposes its frequency to the condensate and locks its phase, thereby manifesting a synchronization effect. The conditions of formation of the phase synchronized regime are determined. The synchronization of a couple of closely spaced polariton condensates by a spatially uniform coherent light is examined. At the moderate strength of the coherent driving the synchronization is accompanied by the appearance of symmetry-breaking states of the polariton dyad, while these states are superseded by the symmetric state at the high-intensity driving. By employing a zero-dimensional model of coupled dissipative oscillators with both dissipative and conservative coupling, we study the bifurcation scenario of the symmetry-breaking state formation.
Simulation and assessment of the nitrogen cycle in a constant-head, one pump (CHOP) aquaponics system
Authors: Pamintuan K R S , Doma B T
Published: November 2019

Aquaponics, or the co-culture of fish and plants, has been widely regarded as a solution to the growing food requirement of an increasingly urban landscape. However, difficulties in scaling up arise particularly for start-up growers due to the lack of reliable models to describe the nutrient balance in an aquaponics set-up. In this study, a comprehensive model for the products of the nitrogen cycle is presented in a constant-head one pump (CHOP) aquaponics assembly in order to have a picture of their concentrations in the system, thereby eliminating expensive trial and error adjustments. The growth rate and rate of waste generation of Nile Tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus(Linnaeus, 1758) was mathematically represented alongside the growth rate and rate of nitrogen assimilation of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). The evolution of nitrifying bacteria in the biofilter was also modelled. The condition of high recirculation rates was assumed to eliminate the spatial variation of concentration in small-volume modular tanks. The results of the simulation suggest that a linear propagation of both fish and plant through time will result to a deficiency of nutrients for the plants in the beginning of the fish growing cycle, and an excess of nitrates towards the end. To manage rising nitrate levels, the adoption of a staggered growing system was suggested instead of changing water. Overall, the developed model performed satisfactorily in providing a reference to the grower, and is hoped to be extended to other nutrients as well in the future.