bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Clock Soft Synchronization Method Based on CAN Bus and Synchronization Error Analysis
Authors: Jiao Ji , Chen Fei Fan
Published: June 2012

Based on information pipeline technology, a clock soft synchronization method used in distributed measurement and control system is proposed. Using a separate information pipeline, the synchronization information is broadcasted to nodes in the distributed measurement and control system by synchronization node every message transaction cycle time, and all nodes automatically synchronize the local clock after receiving it. We analyze the theoretical synchronization error and verify this clock soft synchronization method in CAN bus. The theory analysis and experimental results indicate that the synchronization error mainly consists of propagation delay error, drift error and CAN loop delay error, and it increases linearly with the increasing of transmission distance.
Application of Double-Used Absorption Heat Pump in Power Plants
Authors: Cao Xin Hui , Zhang Guang , Wang Xi Lun , Zhang Yu Ning
Published: June 2012

Absorption heat pump (AHP) heating in power plants in winter is an effective way to recover waste heat and make full use of energy. In this paper, quantitative calculation is taken to analyze the energy saving and economy efficiency of AHP heating in a power plant. The rate of energy utilization ηtp, the coal and water saving amount and the increased income of AHP heating are calculated. Results show AHP heating in power plants is superior to steam extraction heating both in energy saving and economy.
Study on Nozzle Array Structure Fluidic Gyroscope
Authors: Mei Chuan Zhi , Piao Lin Hua , Yu Quan Gang , Zhang Bao Li , Ding Xia , Wang Xing
Published: June 2012

This paper reports about a nozzle array structure fluidic gyroscope. The gyro used setting sub-nozzle around the main nozzle to inhibit the attenuation which had been caused by the main nozzle jet column spread out and to increase the angular velocity difference of sensitive element in the thermal resistance wire when the jet flow rate had been input, thereby to improve the performance of the jet gyro. The test results showed that: a resolution of better than 0.1°/s nozzle formation jet gyro sensitivity better than 10mv/(0.1°/s), the measurement range is better than ± 60°/s; non-linearity of better than 1%.The impact of the gyroscope impact resistance capability, small size and wide range of applications.
Uncertainty Analysis and Simulation of Coordinate Measuring Definition
Authors: Wan Wen , Wu Bao Zhong , Yang Jing Zhao , Li Guo Xi , Zhang Pei
Published: June 2012

Measurement uncertainty is an important standard for evaluating the measuring results, and have a significant meaning in the engineering application. In this paper, based on the uncertainty assessment principle and the measurement definitions, the source of uncertainty and the influence factors on measurement uncertainty are investigated. Taking straightness as an example, the uncertainty and acceptance limit under different assessment principles are quantitatively calculated, respectively. Moreover, the apply range of different assessment principles based on different uncertainty goals is discussed. Finally, the influence of different definition methods on the mersurement results is demenstrated taking the quantity of the distance between two parallel planes as an example.
Training Multi-Layer Perceptrons with the Unscented Kalman Particle Filter
Authors: Xi Yan Hui , Peng Hui
Published: June 2012

Many Bayesian learning approaches to multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs) parameters optimization have been proposed such as the extended Kalman filter (EKF). In this paper, a sequential approach is applied to train the MLPs. Based on the particle filter, the approach named unscented Kalman particle filter (UPF) uses the unscented Kalman filter as proposal distribution to generate the importance sampling density. The UPF are devised to deal with the high dimensional parameter space that is inherent to neural network models. Simulation results show that the new algorithm performs better than traditional optimization methods such as the extended Kalman filter.
Research on the Vessels' Routeing System and Ship Reporting System off Cheng Shanjiao
Authors: Fan Zhong Zhou , Zhao Zhi Lei , Zhang Chuang
Published: June 2012

This article made an in-depth analysis of the present navigation situation of large vessels and high-risk vessels around Cheng Shanjiao waterway in 2010 through “gate line” method, the traffic flow characteristic of large vessels and high-risk vessel were found; an amendment to the existing Traffic Separation Scheme was thence put forward; in addition, some suggestions were made to amend the existing ship reporting system of Cheng Shanjiao, aiming to reduce the navigation risk of large vessels, especially for the large crude oil vessels and other vessels with high-risk in the east of existing Cheng Shanjiao TSS.
Study on the Speed Control System of Hydraulic Pump-Motor Based on PID Neural Network
Authors: Wu Di , Yao Jin , Huang Yong Jing
Published: June 2012

Theoretical models of hydraulic pump-motor and electro-hydraulic servo control systems of hydraulic pumps were established and the system transfer function was derived In view of bad dynamic property, small damp, long transient time, low precision, nonlinearity and etc existing in the speed control system of Hydraulic Pump-Motor, a controller based on PID Neural Network was designed. The simulation results showed that the PID Neural Network controller has better dynamic property, load disturbance adaptability , robustness and cranking ability than traditional PID controller.
An Offset Reduction Technique for Latch Type Sense Amplifier in High Performance and High Density SRAM
Authors: Yu Qun Ling , Bai Na , Zhou Yan , Li Rui Xing , Chen Jun Ning , Li Zheng Ping
Published: June 2012

A new technique for reducing the offset of latch-type sense amplifier has been proposed and effect of enable signal voltage upon latch-type sense amplifier offset in SRAM has been investigated in this paper. Circuit simulation results on both StrongARM and Double-tail topologies show that the standard deviation of offset can be reduced by 31.23% (StrongARM SA) and 25.2% (Double-tail SA) , respectively, when the voltage of enable signal reaches 0.6V in TSMC 65nm CMOS technology. For a column of bit-cell (1024 bit-cell), the total speed is improved by 14.98% (StrongARAM SA) and 22.26% (Double-tail SA) at the optimal operation point separately, and the total energy dissipation is reduced by 30.45% and 29.47% with this scheme.
Motion Control of Welding Robot Based on ADAMS and ACR-9000
Authors: Du Yong Zhong , Ping Xue Liang , Chen Lu Gang , Xu Wei Bin
Published: June 2012

Based on some relevant theories of robotics such as trajectory planning, the forward and inverse kinematics solutions and DH convention, this paper proposes a new approach towards testing the physical prototype. The approach sets up a 3-D model for a 6-DOF welding robot , works out the simulation results of expected processing trajectory planning for six rods in MATLAB, verifies the trajectory simulation results with the built-in Robot Toolbox of MATLAB, And controls the robot to draw a circle with the ACR9000 motion controller.
Weighted Multi-Sensor Data Fusion Based on Fuzzy Kalman Filter for Seam Tracking of the Welding Robots
Authors: Du Jun , Sun Mei , Hua Liang , Ge Jia Sheng , Gu Ju Ping
Published: June 2012

In order to resolve the problem of seam tracking of the welding robots with unknown noise characteristics, a Weighted Multi-Sensor Data Fusion (MSDF) algorithm based on the fuzzy Kalman filter algorithm is proposed. Firstly, each Fuzzy Kalman Filter (FKF) uses a fuzzy inference system based on a covariance matching technique to adjust the weight coefficient of measurement noise covariance matrix, so it makes measurement noise close to the true noise level. Secondly, a membership function in fuzzy set is used to measure the mutual support degree matrix of each FKF and corresponding weight coefficients are allocated by this matrix’s maximum modulus eigenvectors, hence, the final expression of data fusion is obtained. Finally, simulation results show that MSDF in seam tracking has both high precision and strong ability of stableness.
Based on the LabVIEW Frequency Modulation Continuous Wave Radar Signal Acquisition and Processing
Authors: Wang Hong , Li Qing , Li Hui , Zeng Qiang , Liu Wei
Published: June 2012

This paper introduces the FMCW anti-collision radar system, introduces the concept of virtual instrument and LabVIEW characteristics. The use of LabVIEW virtual instrumental technology, research and development of the related code, the virtual completion signal acquisition system design, at any time on the echo signal acquisition and processing, the calculation result and the safety distance data are compared to determine whether the alarm.
Study of Edge Detection of Printed Circuit Board Photoelectric Image Based on Multi-Scale Wavelet Transform
Authors: Qiao Nao Sheng , Tang Jing
Published: June 2012

Aiming at the dark printed circuit board photoelectric image that contains noise acquired by CCD system, the edge detection method by using multi-scale wavelet transform is proposed. Firstly, its basic principle is analyzed in detail, and the simple physics explanation and formula deduction are given. Secondly, the idiographic detection steps are given. Finally, the results of experiment verify the correctness of theory analysis.
Research on Vector Control of PMSM Based on Three-Level NPC Inverter-Fed
Authors: Chen Cui , Ye Yin Zhong
Published: June 2012

The neutral point clamped (NPC) pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter has been put into practical use for large capacity AC motor drives because of its less distorted output, lower costs and better control performance. This paper suggests a way to improve the performance of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) by using the three-level NPC inverter. Firstly, the three-level NPC inverter space voltage vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technique is analyzed in detail. Then, the NPC inverter is applied in PMSM vector control. Finally, a simulation experiment of the proposed control algorithm is carried out. The simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively suppress the torque ripple and improve driving performance for the PMSM drive.
Design of Embedded MRFD Controller
Authors: Xiong Wei , Kong Zhao Hui , Sun Guo Hui
Published: June 2012

According to the particularity of magnetorheological fluid (MRF), provided the design project of embedded magnetorheological fluid damper (MRFD) controller based on ATmega8. The controller adopted Buck converter to achieve input\output power conversion. The feedback loop used voltage and current double feedback adjustment to control PWM drive circuit, so that adjusted the output of Buck converter. According to the set value, the MRFD controller outputted the matching value by the high frequency PWM output. The testing of output responding time was done. The results show that MRFD controller has much higher reliability and faster responding, satisfying the using demand of MRFD.
A Method Research to Obtain Quickly the Vibration Transmissibility of Cushioning Packaging Materials
Authors: Wang Yi Hua , Bao Lin , Jin Hai Ming
Published: June 2012

Through the data acquisition system of drop impact test impact excitation pulse and in response to a pulse, to reduce or eliminate the experimental process generated interference signal brought influence, the excitation and response signals are Fourier transform (FFT), get the cushing material power spectrum and cross spectrum density value, the time domain signal into frequency domain signal, realize the effective filtering, the frequency domain signal in each frequency through the transfer rate calculation formula of cushing packaging material transient vibration transmitting rate, the transmission rate of the way the process of obtaining description and theoretical analysis.
Differential Translational Gripper with Double-Claw of Manipulator Driven by Combined Cylinder
Authors: Sheng Xiao Ming , Sun Fu Jun
Published: June 2012

To meet the requirement of feeding robot for assembly equipment, the differential translational gripper with double-claw of manipulator driven by combined cylinder is designed in this paper, which could achieve the differential operation with high efficiency. It has the function of automatic center aligning and adaptation to the changing dimension of the workpiece with high assembly precision. Since the gripper is driven by combined cylinder, it simplifies the control system and structure of manipulator with compact size and light weight, and also solves the problem of complicated structure and mass volume of traditional translational gripper driven by rack and pinion.
Control System Design of the Automatic Sorting and Palletizing Manipulator for Passenger Car Tire
Authors: Sun Xue Dong , Zhao Lian Feng , Niu Tian Tian , Cai Han Ming
Published: June 2012

In this paper the object of study is automatic sorting and palletizing manipulator for passenger car tire. It designed the driving mechanism and control system of the manipulator. There are 3 degrees of freedom with the automatic sorting and palletizing manipulator in this paper. The horizontal and vertical movement of manipulator's movable parts is drived by servo motor. And manipulator's gripper grabs and places tires by cylinder drive. In addition, the centering device opens or tightens 4 embraced arms by cylinder drive. A touch-screen is used as the man-machine interface, which can represent manipulator's operation process and results. Realizing the control of the manipulator by PLC combined with the corresponding software programming.
Automobile Controller Development Based on dSPACE
Authors: Wang Yue Xin , Zhang Bo
Published: June 2012

Automobile central lock and ABS hardware in loop simulation testing system was developed based on MATLAB/Simulink and dSPACE, dSPACE’s standard component MicroAutoBox is the central control node, used to receive speed signal, key position signal skid ratio and remote signal, together with dealing with these signals. Sending relative signals to CAN SJA1000 and CAN PCA82C250 which SCM use STC89C52RC, each node actuates relative motion to control automobile’s door lock and ABS system. ABS executer implements relative brake based of these signals requirements. The result indicates that dSPACE simulation platform can quickly build up model and control system.
Design and Application of Time-Domain Transmission Moisture Content of Crude Oil Sensor
Authors: Xiong Chun Yu
Published: June 2012

According to the theory basis of time domain transmission technology, designed a new type of transducer for crude oil moisture measurement. Introducted the measuring principle of time-domain transmission moisture content of crude oil sensor, and designed the signal producing circuit, the machine oscillation circuit, the mixer circuit and phase detector circuit of the sensor. Finally, got the linear relationship between the output voiltage of the transducer and the crude oil moisture rate by testing. The accuracy of measurement is 1% when the water content is 50-100% in the crude oil and it is 2% when the water content is 0~50%.
Design of Servo System Intelligent Control Chip Based on FPGA
Authors: Zhu Hao , Wang Mu Lan , Su Wei , Liu Hua Jun
Published: June 2012

According to the required functions of speed control and position control in Computer Numerical Control (CNC) system, the hardware control modules of speed and position are designed based on Field Programmable Gates Array (FPGA) of CYCLONE II family. The software hardening technology is used for speed control and position control. The servo intelligent control chip consists of reset unit, frequency division unit, speed processing unit, subdivision unit, phase discrimination unit, counter unit, compare unit, etc. Through analysis of waveform simulation, the correctness of design and the enhancement of transportability and reliability are achieved.
The Monitoring of CNC Machine Processing Condition Based on the BP Neural Network
Authors: Sheng Zhong Qi , Wang Jian Yong , Liu Zhi Peng , Dong Liang
Published: June 2012

As an example for the test of built monitoring system, the experimentation was carried out to monitor the condition of tool wear, which related with the machining process closely. In pattern recognition, using the nonlinear mapping function of neural network, a three-layer BP artificial neural network was selected to carry out the mapping between the processing status and related signal features. In this way, the monitoring of machining processing was implemented. The Matlab Script node of LabVIEW software was used to call the neural network package of Matlab, which reduced the program development cycle and increased the reliability of the program. According to the cutting experimentation of the finger milling cutter, it is verified that BP artificial neural network can effectively recognize the tool condition and accomplish the wear prediction.
The Optimization of Wire Bonding Parameters and Quality Prediction Model Based on Neural Network
Authors: Guan Xiao Dan , Chen Gang , Liang Wan Lei
Published: June 2012

In this article, the parameters affecting the quality of wire bonding are analyzed by orthogonal testing with the methods of variance analysis and F tests. By analyzing the results, parameters that have a major impact on the quality of wire bonding are optimized. Because the relationship is complicated and non-linear between the impacting parameters and bonding quality, this article introduces a neural network algorithm of BPNN to build a model describing it. The structural parameters of the neural network are identified and a quality prediction model of wire bonding is established in this article. The model is validated, the results show that this proposed model has higher precision and it can accurately reflect the trends of the bonding quality indicators.
Research on Nozzle Array Structure Fluidic Gyroscope Sensitive Principle
Authors: Wang Xing , Piao Lin Hua , Yu Quan Gang
Published: June 2012

The fluidic gyroscope sensitive principle with nozzle array structure was researched. Using the finite element method, according to the actual size, building an entity model, the finite element simulation was conducted by a series of procedures, such as meshing, loads applying and solving. Then the cavity flow field distribution was calculated in the different input angular rate. The results are as follows: In static status, airflow velocity shows a symmetry distribution through central axis of enclosure, the two hotwires endure the same current rate and current, then the bridge outputs zero. In the angular rate inputs, airflow velocity shows an asymmetry distribution through central axis of cavity. The two hotwires endure the different current rate, both of the hotwires current are changed with angular rate, then the bridge outputs a voltage with corresponding with the angular rate. The fluidic gyroscope sensitive principle with nozzle array structure is revealed by finite element method, which provides the foundation for the fluidic gyroscope structural and performance improvement.
A Novel Single-Ended Flyback High Frequency Regulated LED Driver Power Supply
Authors: Zhang Jin Jian , Fu Xian Song , Niu Ping Juan , Liu Yi Li
Published: June 2012

A steady output single-ended flyback switching power supply using L6561 current mode PWM controller designed in this paper. The designed circuit consists of single-ended flyback topology and based on the peak current PWM technology. The circuit has input voltage range from 85V AC to 265V AC and about output drive capability of 12V/2A. Based on the specific chip L6561, the novel single-ended flyback AC/DC converting circuit is adapted for mobile or office equipment, off-line battery chargers. The low-power Switched-Mode Power Supply (SMPS) are the most noticeable examples of application that this configuration can fit. The testing results show that the design of this method can reduce the switching power supply ripple, and ensure stable voltage output.
Evaluation of Surface Roughness in High-Speed Shaping of Ni-P
Authors: Kono Daisuke , Nakade Sho , Matsubara Atsushi
Published: June 2012

A flat surface was machined by shaping to investigate the influence of the cutting speed on surface finish. When the cutting speed was 10-30 m/min, the surface roughness deteriorated because fine valleys with a depth of 40-200 nm were caused. Because the pitch of the valleys was almost equal at different cutting speeds, it was concluded that the valleys were not caused by the natural vibration of the machine tool. The velocity of the tool tip was measured by a laser Doppler vibrometer to compare the tool motion and the work piece profile. The periodical velocity change of the tool corresponded to the pitch of valleys. When a work piece with higher phosphorus content was machined, the valleys were not caused at a cutting speed of less than 30 m/min. It is estimated that the smoothness of chip removal has an influence on the emergence of valleys.
Application of 3D-CAD Random Model to Prediction of Ground Surfaces by Helical Scan Grinding
Authors: Ninomiya Shinichi , Iwai Manabu , Takano Kazuyoshi , Ueda Tokiteru , Suzuki Kiyoshi
Published: June 2012

This paper deals with prediction of improvement in surface roughness in helical scan grinding by simulation of virtual ground surface with a 3D-CAD model. It has been found that, by choosing the value of parameters of several grit conditions such as grit arrangement, protrusion height, inclination angle and so on, randomly for a real wheel, the maximum unevenness of the virtual ground surface and tendency of its change with feed angle nearly coincide with the surface roughness in the experiment of helical scan grinding. It is found that this simulation method is effective for the prediction of a surface ground by helical scan grinding.
Development of a Feed Drive Simulator
Authors: Sato Ryuta
Published: June 2012

This paper proposes a feed drive simulator which consists of a parameter identification module and a simulation module. The simulation module is based on a mathematical model which consists of mass, inertias, stiffness, damping, frictions, servo gains, electrical delay and control frequency. The parameter identification module consists of 3 functions: friction parameter identification function, frequency response identification function and electric delay identification function. The identification algorithms for unknown parameters are newly proposed. In order to confirm the effectiveness of the simulator it was applied to actual feed drive systems. According to the results of the confirmation, it is confirmed that the developed simulator can identify the parameters systematically, and various motions can be simulated by the simulator.
Increase in the Area of Structured Surface and its Effect on Sensitivity Improvement of Biochemical Sensing
Authors: Tanaka Yasuhiro , Keyaki Norito , Moronuki Nobuyuki , Kaneko Arata
Published: June 2012

High sensitive biosensing is required in many research fields and our lives. In this paper, we describe the fabrication of microstructured silicon (Si) surface to increase surface area and the evaluation by a highly sensitive immunoassay on that surface. Microstructured Si surface was fabricated by etching a Si wafer with a mask of self-assembled microparticles. The surface area of the microstructured surface was 1.5 times larger than that of flat surface. And the surface area was variable by changing particle diameter and etching time. An immunoassay was performed on this surface. It was confirmed that sensitivity was increased approximately 3.9 times with increase in surface area.
5-Axis Control Dexterous Ultraprecision Micromilling of Ruled Surface with Side Cutting Edge
Authors: Nishiyama Ryo , Nakamoto Keiichi , Ishida Tohru , Takeuchi Yoshimi
Published: June 2012

This study deals with 5-axis control tool path generation to create microshapes dexterously and efficiently, while maintaining quality. Concerning 5-axis control machining, the use of ball end mills is generally employed. However, this method needs a lot of time to obtain high quality surface. To solve this problem, a side cutting edge of the ball end mill is positively utilized with its parallel to the ruled surface. Therefore, a new CAM system is developed to detect the surface to be machined with the side cutting edge, and to generate collision-free tool paths between the tool and the work piece. The effectiveness of the developed CAM system is experimentally confirmed by creating a tiny Möbius ring.
Ion Beam Figuring System for Ultra-Precise Optics
Authors: Yuan Zheng , Dai Yi Fan , Xie Xu Hui , Zhou Lin
Published: June 2012

Ion beam figuring (IBF) is a novel technology for Ultra-precise optics. Material is removed from optic surface in atomic or molecular form by physical sputtering. Due to non-contact between the tool and the work piece, the problems involved in the conventional process are avoided, such as edge-effect and tool-wear. The ion beam figuring process is of high determinacy and high efficiency. All these properties make ion beam figuring one of the promising methods for producing mirrors of high precision with nm-rms accuracy. In this article, a new ion beam figuring system which contains doubled vacuum chambers is set up. Optics can be exchanged by a transport vehicle shuttling between the two vacuum chambers without opening the primary vacuum chamber and waiting for the ion source to cool completely, which means the efficiency can be increased greatly. A high performance processing robot contains three linear axes and two angular axes of motion, providing 5-axis ion source positioning capability with high accuracy. The angle can be up to 50° to figure very steep spherical and aspherical surfaces. Then, the beam removal function of Gaussian shape is obtained by an experimental method and it is extremely stable for a long time. Finally, two sample mirrors are figured by the ion beam figuring system: one is a fused silica flat mirror with a 100 mm diameter (90% effective aperture) and an ultra-precise flat mirror with a surface error of 0.89 nm rms, 14.7 nm PV is obtained; the other fused silica concave spherical mirror with a 100 mm aperture (90% effective aperture) and 420 mm radius of curvature is figured and a concave spherical mirror with 1 nm rms, 16.9 nm PV is obtained, which prove that the ion beam figuring system is favourable for the figuring process.
Study on Thermal and Strain Behaviour in Selective Laser Sintering Process
Authors: Aziz Mohd Sanusi Abdul , Furumoto Tatsuaki , Ueda Takashi , Abe Satoshi , Hosokawa Akira , Tanaka Ryutaro
Published: June 2012

This paper investigates thermal and strain behaviour in the selective laser sintering process with a mixture of SCM, Cu and Ni metal powder. In-process monitoring of strain change and temperature at the base plate is proposed in order to investigate thermal and strain behaviour induced by selective laser sintering. A strain gauge was attached to the bottom surface of the base plate while a thermocouple was inserted at a distance of 2 mm from the top surface of the base plate. Changes in the strain and the base plate temperature were observed using an oscilloscope during the laser sintering process. The results showed that the development of strain within the sintered structure was affected by the processing temperature. Besides that, after the laser sintering process was completed, the strain value increased gradually and became constant as it reached room temperature. This strain value was found to correspond with the test models deformation. In addition, the effects of laser scanning direction and laser energy density during the process were observed. Measurement of the test models deformation was also carried out to discover its relationships to strain change and processing temperature. The results showed that the sintered structure produced by laser scanning of a sector along the width induced less residual strain, which resulted in less deformation. In contrast, both residual strain and deformation were found to be higher when the laser scanning was carried out along the length. Furthermore, when a low laser energy density was used, less deformation of the sintered structure could also be obtained.
Stress Analysis on Cannonballs during Collision onto Sea Surface
Authors: Choi Woo Chun , Lee Hae Suk , Cho Yeon Sik , Bang Han Seok , Youn Joon Sik , Jung Young Hun
Published: June 2012

When a cannonball collides with sea surface, an impulse force acts on the cannonball. Since the colliding occurs in a very short period of time, it is extremely unsteady. In order to find out if the cannonball fractures, analysis is performed to calculate the stress on the cannonball shell. In this study, an impulse force is applied to the elements of the cannonball colliding with sea surface and the analysis considers various collision conditions.
Binder-Free Green Composite Using Bamboo Fibres Extracted with a Machining Centre: Influence of Moisture Absorption on Mechanical Properties
Authors: Takagi Yota , Ogawa Keiji , Hirogaki Toshiki , Aoyama Eiichi
Published: June 2012

Bamboo grows faster than other renewable natural materials. Bamboo fibre, in particular, has attracted attention as an environmentally superior material. Therefore, we proposed a sustainable manufacturing system using bamboo. An extraction method of bamboo fibres end-milled using a machining centre with in-situ measurement was also proposed. Bamboo fibres with high precision shapes are efficiently acquired. Previously, we proposed the fabrication of binder-free composite by a hot press forming method that only uses bamboo fibres extracted by a machining centre. We experimentally demonstrated various hot press forming conditions and achieved proper ones to optimize the forming process. However, when the environment changes, the characteristics of the binder-free composite are not known. If we want to use the binder-free composite, we have to know how much it is affected by the external environment for use as a mechanical object. Therefore, we investigated the changes of the characteristics at high temperature and high humidity.
Basic Performance Evaluation of Electro-Adhesive Film with Micro Mesh Sheet
Authors: Kubo Takao , Kakinuma Yasuhiro
Published: June 2012

Smart materials have been developed in many leading technologies. Smart material is a material that gives a specific reaction to the change and stimulus of the external environment such as light, heat and electromagnetic fields. Electro-rheological Gel (ERG) is one smart material. ERG changes its surface adhesive properties rapidly according to the intensity of the applied electrical field. This unique property is named Electro-adhesive effect (EA effect). In this research, as a novel electro-adhesive film which is replaced with ERG, Electro-adhesive film with micro mesh sheets is developed and named EAMS. Furthermore, it is proved that the developed film using the mesh sheet produces the EA effect and that the performance of EAMS is enhanced according to the increase of the open space and the number of layers.
Investigation of Synchronous Accuracy of Dual Arm Motion of Industrial Robot
Authors: Wu Wei , Hirogaki Toshiki , Aoyama Eiichi
Published: June 2012

Recently, new needs have emerged to control not only linear motion but also rotational motion in high-accuracy manufacturing fields. Many five-axis-controlled machining centres are therefore in use. However, one problem has been the difficulty of creating flexible manufacturing systems with methods based on the use of these machine tools. On the other hand, the industrial dual-arm robot has gained attention as a new way to achieve accurate linear and rotational motion in an attempt to control a working plate like a machine tool table. In the present report, a cooperating dual-arm motion is demonstrated to make it feasible to perform stable operation control, such as controlling the working plate to keep a ball rolling around a circular path on it. As a result, we investigated the influence of each axis motion error on a ball-rolling path.
Improvement of Grooving Performance of the Dicing Blade by Film Reinforcement
Authors: Zhang Yu , Tani Yasuhiro , Murata Junji , Yamamoto Masahiro
Published: June 2012

Dicing blades are widely used for cutting brittle materials, such as silicon, ceramics, sapphire and optical glass. In order to reduce the production cost in semi-conductor processing, the substrate of semi-conductor was changed to large diameter. High cutting speed and small loss of material are desired for the dicing processing. To achieve a large safety margin and increase the rate of material utilization, thin dicing blades with fine abrasives are commonly used. The thin dicing blades, however, break down very easily. Thus, it has to be handled with care. In this study, a series of reinforced thin dicing blades with various films were proposed for improving the handling ability and grooving performance. The vibration properties of blades were investigated, too. According to the results, cutting loss and chipping size were reduced by reinforced blades and the higher the damping ratio, the smaller the chipping size.
Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Polymer Deformation in Thermal Nanoimprint Lithography
Authors: Shin Ki Hoon , Park Hee Su , Kim Hong Seok
Published: June 2012

Nanoimprint lithography has been widely used in various applications as a promising micro/nanofabrication tool. In the thermal nanoimprint process, optimization of important process parameters such as temperature, pressure, and pressure holding time is greatly needed to successfully imprint micro-and nanoscale patterns in a resist material. In this study, both experimentation and numerical simulation were performed to extend the understanding of the behaviour of polymer materials and to optimize process condition effectively during the thermal imprint process. The effects of the process conditions on the polymer deformation are discussed to achieve a rapid and high throughput thermal imprint process.
New Tool Concepts for Ultra-Precision Grinding
Authors: Brinksmeier Ekkard , Mutlugünes Yildirim , Antsupov Grigory , Rickens Kai
Published: June 2012

This paper presents advanced tools for ultra precision grinding which offer a high wear resistance and can be used to generate high-quality parts with an ultraprecise surface finish. The first approach features defined dressed, coarse-grained, single layered, metal bonded diamond grinding wheels. These grinding wheels are called Engineered Grinding Wheels and have been dressed by an adapted conditioning process which leads to uniform abrasive grain protrusion heights and flattened grains. This paper shows the results from grinding optical glasses with such Engineered Grinding Wheels regarding the specific forces and the surface roughness. The results show that the cutting mechanism turns into ductile removal and optical surfaces are achievable. On the other hand, the specific normal force F´n increases due to increased contact area of the flattened diamond grains. It is shown that the topography of the Engineered Grinding Wheels has a strong beneficial influence on surface roughness. The second new tool for ultra precision grinding is made of a CVD (Chemical Vapour Deposition) poly-crystalline diamond layer with sharp edges of micrometre-sized diamond crystallites as a special type of abrasive. The sharp edges of the crystallites act as cutting edges which can be used for grinding. It is shown that by using CVD-diamond-coated grinding wheels a high material removal rate and a high surface finish with surface roughness in the nanometre range can be achieved. The CVD-diamond layers exhibit higher wear resistance compared to conventional metal and resin bonded diamond wheels. In conclusion, this paper shows that not only conventional fine grained, multi-layered resinoid diamond grinding wheels but also coarse-grained and binderless CVD-coated diamond grinding wheels can be applied to machine brittle and hard materials by ultra precision grinding.
Investigation of Electrical Characteristics of Gold Nanowire under Tensile Test
Authors: Chang Ming , Kao Ching Yuan , Halim Dani Saputra
Published: June 2012

In this study, the electrical characteristics of gold nanowire (NW) under external tensile force were experimentally investigated. Experiments were carried out with a self-developed nanomanipulator inside the vacuum chamber of a scanning electron microscopye. A resistivity of for an individual gold NW was first obtained with the nanomanipulation system when no tensile force is applied, approximately 4.36 times larger than that of bulk gold. The results agree with the works of previous investigations. The electric characteristics of gold NWs under uni-axial tensile force was then investigated via the nanomanipulator. Experimental results show that the resistivity of gold NWs decreases as the applied tensile force increases, while the conductivity of the NWs as well as the mobility of electrons increases as the force increases. This indicates that the electrical characteristics of gold NWs are indeed affected by the external tensile forces applied to it.
Design and Manufacture of Light Collimator with Narrow View Angle
Authors: Joo Jea Young , Park Jung Wok , Park Soon Sub , Song Snag Bin
Published: June 2012

The use of LED for illumination offers significant advantages, such as lower power consumption, longer lifetime and improved colour management. Sharp gradients in luminous intensity patterns of LED are commonly controlled by the use of secondary optics that are mostly axisymmetric. In the current study, we proposed LED secondary optics forming non-axisymmetric luminous intensity distribution with an extremely narrow view angle. The proposed secondary optics dramatically reduced the view angle of the LED, with a view angle ( 10º) in full width at half maximum (FWHM) in simulations. Afterward, a prototype of the proposed lens was machined by single point diamond turning (SPDT). Luminous intensity distribution of the machined lens was off by about 8º from the optical axis and maintained a view angle of 12º. The peak luminous intensity was folded more than thirty-two times. The proposed lens showed high optical performance and can be used for specialized optical applications.
Binocular Robot Vision with Active Viewpoint for Sphere Measurement
Authors: Yabuta Yoshito , Mizumoto Hiroshi , Arii Shiro
Published: June 2012

A binocular robot vision system reconstructs 3D scenes from right and left images by using triangulation. However when using triangulation, the corresponding problems have to be resolved. To resolve the corresponding problems easily, authors have proposed a binocular robot vision system with an autonomously moving active viewpoint. By using this active viewpoint, the system constructs the correspondence between images of feature points of an object on the right and left images and calculates the spatial coordinates of the feature points. However the system cannot achieve correspondence between right and left images for smooth surface without feature points like corners. In this paper, we propose a method to extract feature points on a smooth surface virtually. To extract the feature points on the smooth surface of an object virtually, we use an active viewpoint of our system and vergence motion of the right and left cameras. In this system, the right and left cameras viewpoints are corresponded mechanically by the active viewpoint and vergence motion of both cameras. As the virtual feature point, a contact point between the smooth surface and tangential line from the epipole on the baseline of right and left cameras is extracted from the camera images. Because the right and left cameras viewpoints are fixed by the active viewpoint, the active viewpoint becomes the constraint for the extraction of the virtual feature points. The information of the virtual feature points on the smooth surface of an object is used for the calculation of the spatial coordinates of the object. The effect of the proposed method to extract the feature points virtually is shown experimentally by using a sphere as an object.
Research on Removal Characteristic of the Optical Quartz with Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet
Authors: Jin Hui Liang , Wang Bo , Zhang Fei Hu
Published: June 2012

The Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet (APPJ) is an innovative technology in advanced optics manufacturing; it is a non-contact precision machining method based on the chemical reaction between a reactive neutral radical generated by the plasma and substrate surface atoms for atom-scale material removal. The APPJ involves a complicated process; therefore, the controllability of the technical process was investigated to describe the accuracy of machining efficiency that is the uniformity and repeatability for machining systems, the linearity relation between the removal rates and dwell time. Moreover, the experimental result of the fused quartz removal function variation trend with different processing parameters was discussed. The results of experimentation indicate that the APPJ method has good repeatability within a short dwell time, the removal depth increases with the dwell time and a linearity relation seems appropriate, and the radio frequency (RF) power and the flux of assistant gas oxygen have a great influence on removal efficiency. However, the removal rate remains stable under small perturbation of flux of plasma gas He and reactive gas SF6. And the surface roughness is improved from Ra 9.3nm to Ra 3.7nm.
Investigation for High Speed Ultrasonic Cutting of Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Hara Keisuke , Isobe Hiromi , Take Yoshihiro , Koiwa Toshihiko
Published: June 2012

This study investigated phenomena of ultrasonic cutting in the case of high-speed conditions. Ultrasonically assisted cutting techniques were developed by Kumabe in the 1950s. He found a critical cutting speed that limits cutting speed to obtain ultrasonically assisted effects and is calculated by frequency and amplitude of oscillation. In general, ultrasonically assisted cutting is not suitable for high-speed cutting conditions because the effects of ultrasonic application are cancelled due to tool contacts with the workpiece during the cutting operation. Present ultrasonically assisted cutting cannot allow increased cutting speed because cutting speed is limited by a critical cutting speed that is less than that compared with general cutting speed. And ultrasonically assisted cutting cannot improve productivity due to long processing time. We conducted high-speed ultrasonic cutting, and the maximum cutting speed in this research was 300 m/min which is higher than general critical cutting speed. The workpiece material was A5056 and cemented carbide tool inserts were employed in this research. Without ultrasonic oscillation, machined surface retained some built up edge and surface roughness is 28 μmRz. In the case of ultrasonic cutting, surface hasnt built up edge and periodically marks due to ultrasonic oscillation remained on the surface. The roughness of conventionally cut surface is better than in ultrasonic cutting. The cutting phenomena of ultrasonic cutting are different compared with those under conventional cutting conditions.
Intelligent Fuzzy Ziegler-Nichols-Based Controller Design of a SPM System with Parameters Variation
Authors: Lin Jium Ming , Cho Kun Tai , Chang Po Kuang
Published: June 2012

This research applied a stylus probe without balance and lever arm as in the previous design of a contact-force-controlled Scanning Probe Microscope (SPM) system. The controller integrated both Ziegler-Nichols-based and intelligent fuzzy methods; thus the systems relative stability can be reserved under the nominal conditions. In addition, one can see that both hysteresis and parameter variation effects of the force actuator can be reduced. Comparing the results with the traditional Ziegler-Nichols-based controller by simulation, one can see that the proposed systems are much more robust.
Single Point Diamond Turning of Calcium Fluoride Optics
Authors: Luo Xi Chun , Sun Ji Ning , Chang Wen Long , Ritchie James M.
Published: June 2012

This paper aims to develop a cost-effective diamond turning process to obtain nanosmooth CaF2 optics. Diamond tool wear was also carried out through a number of cutting trials. Three CaF2 specimens (diameter of 50 mm and thickness of 5 mm, crystal orientation of (111)) were diamond turned on an ultra precision lathe (Moore Nanotech 350UPL) by a number of facing cuts. In the cutting trials feed rate varied from 1 μm/rev to 10 μm/rev. White spirit mist was used as the coolant. Cutting forces were measured by a dynamometer (Kistler BA9256). Surface roughness of the CaF2 optics and tool flank wear were measured by a white light interferometer (Zygo Newview 5000) and a scanning electron microscope (FEI Quanta 3D FEG), respectively. It was found that using a feed rate of 1 μm/rev surface roughness Ra of 2 nm could be obtained. When the ratio of the normal cutting force to the tangential cutting force was lower than 1 tool wear would initiate. In diamond turning of calcium fluoride abrasive wear was the main tool wear mechanism. Using white spirit mist as thecoolant could avoid generation of thermal type brittle fracture on the machined CaF2 surfaces.
Ultra Precision Machining of the Winston Cone Baffle for Space Observation Camera
Authors: Yang Sun Choel , Kim Geon Hee , Huh Myung Sang , Lee Sang Yong , Kim Sang Hyuk , Lee Gil Jae
Published: June 2012

The Winston cone baffle was developed for the space observation camera of the MIRIS (Multi-purpose Infrared Imaging System) which is the main payload of STSAT-3 (Science and Technology Satellite). The Winston cone baffle reduces the orbital heat load to the STSAT-3 and is thermally connected to the radiator to cool down. The jig and ultra precision machining jig was designed using a 3D modelling program and analyzed using a computer aided engineering program (ANSYS). The reasons for designing the jig for the baffle were to enhance the stability of the machining and improve the form accuracy of the baffle. The strength, weight and barycentre of the jig are investigated to find the optimized ultra precision machining conditions. To maintain the weight balance of the baffle at high speed rotation, there are lots of holes that can be inserted by heavier bolts. Vibration of the natural diamond bite tool is reduced by using thin copper pipe and urethane silicone. Using this bite tool, we could decrease patterns on the surface of the Winston cone baffle. The results of the simulation using ANSYS show that maximum deformation of the baffle is less than the tolerance limit. Surface roughness of the fabricated Winston cone baffle is machined with the jig and the machining tool is under 5 nm. The Winston cone baffle is plated with gold after being electroless plated with nickel. This baffle is applied to the flight model of the MIRIS.
A Novel Fabrication Process of Large Area Triangular Nanocavity Arrays by Bilayer Nanosphere Lithography
Authors: Wang Chao Guang , Cui Hong Juan , Dong Pei Tao , Di Di , Chen Jian , Wang Hao Xu , Chen Zhi Hua , Wu Xue Zhong
Published: June 2012

A simple and novel self-assembly based process is presented in this paper for the fabrication of gold triangular nanocavity arrays. This process combines nanosphere lithography (NSL) with some standard MEMS technologies. A carboxylated polystyrene (PS) nanosphere bilayer with a relatively large area is fabricated on silicon wafer as the starting template by spin-coating. Oxygen plasma etching, metal deposition and lifting-off of the PS upper layer are then orderly carried out for the formation of triangular space, which is made up of Cr film and the remaining PS nanoparticles. Then silicon etching is used to transfer the triangle pattern onto the silicon wafer. Finally, a 50 nm thick gold layer is deposited on the pattern to fabricate gold triangular nanocavity arrays. With this strategy, both the period and the cavity size can be adjusted independently. This will allow the tuning of the optical properties for desired application.