bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Components of Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) Surveillance System in Health Department of Kediri City
Authors: Mahfudhoh Binti
Published: April 2018

The Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) was the dangerous infectious disease because it could cause fatality. Kediri City was the DHF endemic area. The Incident Rate in 2013 was about 99,28 per 100.000 population and CFR 0,73%. Effort to overcome DHF in Kediri City was implementing the better epidemiology surveillance system that able to monitor the desease regularly and continuously. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the implementation of DHF surveillance in Health Department of Kediri City. This research used the descriptive method with cross sectional design. Respondent was the functionary of DHF surveillance programme in Health Departement. Data resources consist of primer data and secondary data. The result of the research shown that data collection of DHF surveillance were routine and non-routine data, manpower and tools were sufficient, data collection method were active and passive, the frequency of data collection were monthly, quarterly, and incidentally. Punctuality was uncountable, the completeness of data were 47,9%, and the DHF form were sufficient. Data compilation based on people, time, place, and endemic area. Data analysis based on morbidity, mortality, and area stratification. Data interpretation consist of comparative analysis, coverage analysis, and kecenderungan analysis. The epidemiology information were the general information of DHF. Information dissemination were reporting of the DHF data to Health Department of East Java province and feedback to the public health center.Keywords: DHF, evaluation, surveillance, Kediri City
The Difference Practice of Condom Usage to Direct and Indirect Woman Sex Worker in Preventing HIV at Sidoarjo
Authors: Sari Elok Puspita , Hargono Arief
Published: April 2018

Direct Woman Sex Worker (Direct-WSW) is a woman who openly offers sex at street legal or illegal prostitution complex  or ex legal or illegal prostitution complex, while Indirect Woman Sex Worker (Indirect-WSW) is a woman who operate in concealed as prostitute who works at certain job or has other main job and indirrectly offers sex at places of entertainment as massager or public relation in bar or karaoke. The objective of this study is to know the difference practice using condom to direct-WSW and indirect-WSW in prevention against HIV in Sidoarjo. This study is an analytic observational study using survey method and case control approach. The population such as ndirect-WSW population is 20 people and direct-WSW population is 233 people. Determining the size for sample in hypothesis test using Lameshow formula by ratio 1:2 is gotten indirect-WSW sample for 20 people by total sampling technique and direct-WSW sample for 42 people by simple random sampling technique. The variables are characteristic and practice of both sample group. The result of the study shows that both respondent group are having high the practice of condom usage in preventing HIV in direct-WSW 73% and indirect-WSW 30%. The conclusion from this study is there is different practice in condom usage to direct-WSW and indirect-WSW in preventing HIV in Sidoarjo. The suggestion for further researchers to be able to expand the research sample, add other variable, and expand different research methodology like quantitative and experiment.Keywords: practice, Direct-WSW, Indirect-WSW, condom usage behavior, HIV prevention
The Influence of Lifestyle on BMI Change for Tree-Month Injectable Hormonal Contraceptive Users
Authors: Zahroh Asri Hikmatuz
Published: April 2018

Tree-Month injectable hormonal contraceptive quarterly causes an increase in BMI. Increased BMI is one of the main reasons why the contraceptive users stopped their contraceptive. However, increased BMI was not experienced by all users, there are other factors that can influence increased BMI, such as consumption, physical activity and sedentary behaviour. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of lifestyle to anthropometic change in the injectable hormonal contraceptive users. This study used observational analytic study and case control design. The sample size use simple random sampling technique. To determine the effect and odd ratio, this study used a simple logistic regression test. The results showed that lifestyle factor that affect and risk for anthropometric changein the three-month contraceptive users is sedentary behavior. Sedentary behavior ≥ 3 hours per day can increase the risk of increased BMI 9,048 times compared with sedentary behavior < 3 hours per day. The conclusion is sedentary lifestyle affected increased BMI among three- month injectable hormonal contraceptive users. By reducing sedentary behavior habit and increasing exercise behaviour, three-month injectable contraceptive users can prevent the risk of increased BMI.Keywords: contraceptive, acceptor, lifestyle, BMI, sedentary
The Risk of Exposure to Cigarette Smoke in Anemia During Pregnancy
Authors: Safitri Riska Nur , Syahrul Fariani
Published: April 2018

Anemia is a state of hemoglobin levels in the RBC (Red Blood Cells) are lower than normal according to age and gender. The prevalence of anemia during pregnancy according Riskesdas 2007,2010, and 2013 tend to increase. One of risk factor isenvironmental tobacco smoke (ETS). This research was study the comparative risk of ETS exposure of anemia in pregnant woman. This study used case control design. Research sample consisted of two groups, case and control sample with the comparative at 1:2. Sample cases were pregnant women anemia (n=18) who control in Puskesmas Mojo Surabaya on 2015 while samplescontrol were pregnant woman who did not anemia (n=36), collected by simple random sampling. to determine the influence of risk by calculating the value on OR 95% CI with Statcalc in Epi Info. The independent variables were age, education level, employement status, family income, gestational age, gestational spacing, history of pregnant double, parity, antenatal care (ANC), LILA, Fe tablets. Results showed the risk exposure to ETS on the incidence of anemia in pregnant woma to the OR = 4.09 (1.07 < OR < 16.26), time of beginning the exposure 1st trimester OR = 5.43 (1.12< OR < 34.41), the number of active smokers 1-2 OR = 5.54 (1.20 < OR < 34.28), exposure duration ≤ 15 minute/day OR = 6.33 (1.28 < OR < 40.53).The conclusion is the exposure to cigarette smoke can causeanemia in pregnant woman. It is recommended for pregnant woman to avoid ETS exposure during pregnancy.Keywords: anemia, pregnant woman, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), number of smoker, exposure duration
Application Database of Comprehensive Emergency Neonatal and Obstetric Service in Sampang Hospita
Authors: Andarini Yenik Dyah , Hargono Arief
Published: April 2018

Services Comprehensive Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal Care (PONEK) is essential maternal and neonatal care/ emergency comprehensively which aims to save mothers and newborns. Activities PONEK in Hospital involving several service units where data maternal and neonatal services are sourced from each service unit, database shall be integrated data and information wich is needed. The purpose of this study was to develope database model PONEK. The scope includes the development of database PONEK include maternal and neonatal care int he Hospital. This research was conducted through qualitative approach to the type of research was action research that the development of database model. Development of database model PONEK system approached includes input, process and output. Subjects in this study was the Hospital Management Team and Officers PONEK Recording and Reporting Hospital Sampang. Analysis of recording and reporting system PONEK Sampang Hospital found some problems that the registers were not uniform formats, duplication of records, which is still manual data storage, process inautomation as well asa report that has not produced informationis still limited. Results of this study are prototype Database PONEK based on the information needs of maternal and neonatal care. PONEK database developed can generate the information needed by the team so that it can be used to PONEK performance monitoring and evaluation in the Hospital. Implementation of the database PONEK should be supported by the availability of appropriate computer specifications, human resources that qualified, maintenance management system and training toimprove reporting officers PONEK.Keywords: database, comprehensive emergency obstetrics and neonatal care, recording and reporting system
The Factors that Affect Stroke at Young Age in Brawijaya Hospital Surabaya
Authors: Alchuriyah Siti , Wahjuni Chatarina Umbul
Published: April 2018

Stroke non-communicable diseases (NCD) with the number of patients continues to increase from year to year, and occurs in young and old age. This study aimed to determine the risk factors that affect the incidence of stroke in young patients in Brawijaya Hospital Surabaya. This study was conducted using case control design with retrospective approach. Data were taken as secondary data from medical records of 2012-2013. Variables included age at onset of stroke, gender, hypertension, obesity, cholesterol levels, and diabetes mellitus. Samples were the whole young stroke patients of <50 years and control sample were of stroke patients ≥50 years of age. Total number of samples was 60. Comparison of cases with controls was 1: 3. Sampling technique control cases was simple random sampling. Analysis was performed using chi- Square test (α = 0.05) for univariate and bivariate. Multivariate analysis was done using logistic regression fold. Most of the samples of ≥ 50 years old were 75%, male 55%, hypertensive 85%, non obesity 53.3%, increased cholesterol levels 58.3%, and DM 53.3%. There were five variables as risk factors, but four factors did not affect the incidence of stroke in young age: sex p = 0,881, hypertension p = 0.987, cholesterol p = 0,403, diabetes mellitus p = 0.236. As the affecting risk factors, obesity p = 0,015, and in multivariate variables obesity p = 0.009 (α < 0.05). In conclusion, obesitas related with risk factors for early age stroke.Keywords: risk factor, stroke, obesity
Characteristic Comparison of CHD for Active Smoker by Smoking Characteristic
Authors: Diastutik Desy
Published: April 2018

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is a type of cardiovascular disease that has highest level of morbidity and mortality among non communicable disease group. One of the factor that contribute for coronary heart disease is smoking characteristic. The research was aimed to analyze characteristic comparison of coronary heart disease for active smoker by smoking characteristic. The research was observational study using cross sectional design. Thirty eight active smokers were involved as research sample who are patients at RSUD Sidoarjo, according to some criteria.The variables of smoking characteristic were duration of smoking, type of cigarette, amount of cigarette per day, and time of smoking. The research was done on May 2016 using accidental sampling as the technique. Data analyze was using Epi info software to show the characteristic comparison and continued analyze by descriptive. The results of the research were highest partly among patient with coronary heart disease and patient with non coronary diasease were had been smoking for ≥33 years, spent less than 13 cigarette per day, and didn’t smoke soon after wake up in the morning. The conclusion of the research are the highest characteristic coronary heart disease for active smoker by smoking characteristic was type of cigarette, and the lowest characteristic coronary heart disease for active smoker by smoking characteristic was duration of smoking.Keywords: number of cigarette, coronary heart disease, duration of smoking, type of cigarette, time of smoking
The Correlation Between Age of Marriage and Parity with Women in the Act of doing Pap Smear (Study in Wisnuwardhana Surabaya Cancer Foundation Period January-June 2015)
Authors: Hakimah Ufiyah
Published: April 2018

Cervical cancer became the second highest cause of the women’s death in Indonesia. So, it needs prevention through the pap smear action. But, visits to perform pap smears action increased year continued to show a reduction. This research was conducted to analyze the relationship between age of marriage and parity with women in the act of doing pap smears action in Wisnuwardhana Surabaya Cancer Foundation. This research uses an analytic observational research with case control research design. The amount of the sample was 96 women of childbearing age couples were divided into 2 groups: group of cases and controls with a ratio of 1:1. This research uses Systematic Random Sampling technique and univariate then bivariate data analysis technique with chi-square test, with significance level α <0,05. Based on the results of the chi-square test showed that there is a relationship between the age of marriage (p = 0,025; OR = 2,783), parity (p = 0,014; OR = 3,08) with the actions of the woman perform pap smears in Wisnuwardhana Surabaya Cancer Foundation. It can be concluded that women of childbearing age couples who have married aged > 20 years and have two children or more / multiparas have the opportunity to take action pap smears. It is advisable to health workers to provide information that focuses on risk factors for cervical cancer, so early detection of cervical cancer can be done, especially for those who have risk factors for cervical cancer.Keywords: age of marriage, parity, pap smear action
Model of Indonesia-Timor Leste Land Border Management by Optimizing the Cross-Border Post in Belu Regency, East Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Rachmawati Iva , Djalaludin Fauzan
Published: April 2018

This article is based on our research on the management of Cross-Border Posts (CBPs) in Belu that was conducted in three Cross Border Posts: Mota’ain, Motamasin and Turiskain. We offer a model of CBP management with two changes to the initial function design embedded with CBP (CIQS/Custom, Immigration, Quarantine and Security). The changes we offer are: (1) withdrawing the military personnel; and (2) assigning a new social function. These changes are based on the facts of local’s historical, social and economic backgrounds which are different from those of other areas. This approach will absolutely affect the form of the current CBP. Interviews were conducted to collect information related to the socio-cultural backgrounds and economic needs among the people living around the border. With the changes in mind, functions, it is expected that the CBP can meet the need of the people living around the border.
Intervensi Kemanusiaan dalam Studi Hubungan Internasional: Perdebatan Realis Versus Konstruktivis
Authors: Rosyidin Mohammad
Published: April 2018

Artikel ini bermaksud memetakan isu intervensi kemanusiaan dalam konteks teoritis. Dua perspektif utama berdiri secara diametral dalam memandang intervensi kemanusiaan yaitu realisme dan kontruktivisme. Realisme, di satu sisi, memandang bahwa intervensi kemanusiaan tak lebih dari instrumen diplomasi untuk mengejar kepentingan nasional. Mengingat realisme tidak menaruh kepercayaan terhadap prinsip-prinsip abstrak dalam memandu kebijakan luar negeri, mereka bersikukuh bahwa intervensi kemanusiaan murni tindakan politis. Di sisi lain, konstruktivisme memandang sebaliknya bahwa intervensi kemanusiaan berhubungan erat dengan sifat negara yang mematuhi peraturan dan norma internasional. Konstruktivisme percaya bahwa terlepas dari adanya kepentingan nasional di balik tindakan negara, intervensi kemanusiaan merupakan upaya komunitas internasional untuk menegakkan norma kemanusiaan. Alhasil, berbeda dengan realis yang menganggap negara adalah aktor yang mementingkan diri sendiri konstruktivis menganggap negara adalah aktor altruis yang memiliki kepedulian terhadap warga negara lain.
Intensi RRC menjadi Adidaya
Authors: Susilo I Basis
Published: April 2018

Artikel ini membahas keinginan RRC untuk menjadi adidaya pada abad ke-21 dan mengalahkan AS. Setelah Perang Dingin berakhir, sistem bipolar diganti oleh sistem unipolar, di mana AS sebagai adidaya satu-satunya secara sepihak mengontrol dinamika politik internasional. Para ilmuwan sepakat bahwa unipolaritas itu bersifat sementara, yang akan diganti oleh bipolaritas atau multipolaritas. Salah satu ahli, Christopher Lyane, memprediksi bahwa unipolaritas itu berakhir pada tahun 2010. Makalah ini berasumsi bahwa RRC paling potensial menjadi adidaya menggantikan AS pada abad ke-21 dan bahwa intensitas dan kapasitas adalah dua faktor komplementer yang mendorong proses itu. Makalah ini menemukan bahwa RRC belum menjadi adidaya sampai sekarang, karena memang tidak ada bukti adanya intensitas para pemimpin RRC yang menargetkan RRC menjadi adidaya pada tahun 2015 ini. Para pemimpin RRC memang punya intensitas untuk menjadi adidaya dan mengalahkan AS, tetapi targetnya tidak secepat prediksi Lyane. Ada dua target, yaitu tahun 2049 dan 2100, yang diupayakan oleh semua pemimpin tertinggi RRC.
Poros Maritim Dunia Sebagai Pendekatan Strategi Maritim Indonesia: Antara Perubahan Atau Kesinambungan Strategi?
Authors: Yakti Probo Darono , Susanto Joko
Published: April 2018

As a nation-state located in a cross-position, Indonesia proposes a maritime strategy approach in the form of the Global Maritime Fulcrum (GMF). To some extent, GMF introduces an advanced concept from the previous maritime strategy. Therefore this explanative research will explore further about concepts related to change or continuity, related to the maritime strategy of Indonesia in the previous periods before GMF. Based on field data, this research found a number of facts that concludes GMF to some extent is a change from previous maritime strategy. Moreover, the debate of Indonesia’s geographical position could be interpreted as a response against threats which already exists. Thus this condition experienced a shift due to the dynamics of international politics. This qualitative research also conducts that GMF is a value which inherited from previous administration to further adapt on contemporary situations. Thus in general these findings indicate that GMF is a change from the previous maritime strategy.
Knowledge Economy in a Globalised India: Who Gets What?
Authors: Cahyaningtyas June
Published: April 2018

At the beginning of the 21st century, the world started to spot India as one ofthe global epicenter of Information Technology (IT) industry. Unlike any otherindustries, IT caters the idea of knowledge and market, two essential pillars inthe knowledge economy. Also, unlike the old type of financial economy whichtends to be excessive due to its weighting on growth development, the termknowledge economy brings the idea of human capital investment and greateropportunity for vertical mobilization, hence promises more social equity.However, despite a more positive outlook towards India, records on poverty,malnutrition, and other social issues in India seem unmoved. This paperattempts to highlight how IT industry has actually developed in India and howlikely it will lead to.
Pengaruh Cekaman Luas Lantai dan Suplementasi Vitamibn C terhadap Kadar Kholesterol Daging Ayam Broiler
Authors: Sudiyono Sudiyono
Published: April 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar kholesterol daging ayam broiler yang dipelihara dengan cekaman luas lantai dan suplementasi vitamin C di dalam air minum. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial 3x3, dengan faktor pertama perlakuan luas lantai (A) yaitu tida tingkatan luas lantai (A1=0,10 m2/ekor, A2=0,80 m2/ekor, A3=0,60 km2/ekor) dan faktor kedua level vitamin C di dalam air minum (B) yaitu tiga level dosis vitamin C (B1=0 ppm, B2=600 ppm dan B3=1200 ppm). Sehingga terdapat sembilan kombinasi perlakuan setiap perlakuan menggunakan tiga ulangan. Seratus tiga puluh lima ekor ayam digunakan dalam penelitian ini dibagi ke dalam sembilan kombinasi perlakuan, dengan tiga ulangan masing-masing berisi lima ekor ayam broiler jantan strain Hubbard berumur dua minggu. Pemeliharaan ayam dilaksanakan sesuai dengan perlakuan, setelah ayam berumur enam minggu dilakukan pengambilan sampel secara acak, dari setiap ulangan dipotong dua ekor ayam broiler. Peubah yang diukur adalah persentase bobot karkas terhadap bobot hidup, kadar protein, kadar lemak dan kadar kholesterol daging dada. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis variansi sesuai dengan rancangan yang digunakan, apaabila terdapat pengaruh yang nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji jaraak berganda Duncan (Duncan Multiple Range Test).

Hasil anaisis data penelitian menujukkan bahwa perlakuan tiga tingkat luas lantai tidak menunjukkan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap persentase bobot karkas, kadar protein, kadar lemak dan kadar kholesterol daging ayam broiler. Sedangkan pemberian vitamin C pada air minum tidak memberikan peningkatan dari semua peubah yang diukutr. Interaksi dari kedua perlakuan tidak menunjukkan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap semua peubah yang diukur. Pemeliharaan ayam broiler dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan luas lantai 0,06 m2 per ekor dengan suplementasi vitamin C dalam air minum tanpa menurunkan persentase bobot karkas dan kadar protein dagingnya. Kadar lemak dan kadar kholesterol daging ada kecenderungan menurun dengan cekaman luas lantai yang relatif sempit tersebut.
Efficacy of Denosumab for Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis in an Adolescent Patient with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Kumaki Daiki , Nakamura Yukio , Sakai Noriko , Kosho Tomoki , Nakamura Akinori , Hirabayashi Shinichi , Suzuki Takako , Kamimura Mikio , Kato Hiroyuki
Published: April 2018

Case:

We report the case of a 13-year-old boy with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) who sustained bilateral femoral neck fractures associated with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Denosumab therapy for 18 months markedly improved the lumbar bone mineral density and the bone turnover markers. No fractures or complications were recorded during the treatment period.

Conclusion:

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of denosumab treatment for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in a patient with DMD. The drug merits additional testing as an effective therapy for osteoporosis in patients with DMD.
Innovative co-evaluation and co-creation of an online learning programme with de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats
Authors: MacDonald Kath , Oberski Iddo , Christie Kim , Stears Amanda
Published: April 2018

In order to enhance diversity, internationalisation and widening participation, Queen Margaret University’s PgCert in Professional and Higher Education was re-designed for online delivery in 2015-16. This programme has run successfully in a blended-learning format for over a decade and this change was anticipated to be a major transition for both staff and students. So as to maximise student engagement in the online environment, we involved students in the re-design of the programme and evaluation, during and after the first year of delivery. This included a video record of the application of de Bono’s (1989) ‘Six Thinking Hats’ in facilitating staff reflections, an online survey designed and run by two student representatives and a final collaborative thematic analysis of data with staff and students. In this paper, we focus on student and staff experiences of and perspectives on transitioning to the online environment and reflect on the student-engaged design and innovative evaluation method used.
A Platform for Partnership: A Technology Review of the Padlet sharing platform.
Authors: Lowe Tom , Humphrey Owen
Published: April 2018

Since technology permeates every aspect of contemporary life, just navigating Higher Education (HE) in the 21st century makes you, to an extent, ‘tech savvy’. However, when looking to technology to assist student/staff partnerships, colleagues need to take their practice beyond Microsoft Office, social media and Photoshop.During a student/staff partnership research project, a student and a higher education professional used the online platform Padlet as their selected medium for collaboration, in order to replicate such of Healy’s principles of partnership as inclusivity, reciprocity, trust and community (Healy et al., 2014).
Students on Tech – an innovative partnership
Authors: Jacob Mary
Published: April 2018

'Students on Tech' is an innovative partnership between students and the E-learning Group at Aberystwyth University. A talk on the project was jointly presented by one of the students and the staff member who led the project at the Jisc Change Agents Network conference, University of Exeter, 20-21 April 2017. The case study offers a model for partnership with students for effective change. Our aims were to listen to the student voice to improve technology-enhanced learning (TEL) provision and raise the profile of good teaching.The E-learning Group had carried out a TEL Learning Experience Survey in 2010 and again in 2013 (Gwella Team, 2011). For this project, we hoped to gain an even deeper understanding of student needs and behaviour. We wanted to make our Blackboard site easier to use and to help staff understand better: students’ needs; how students are using technology; what technology helps them.
A staff/student partnership for bringing the One-Minute Paper into the digital age
Authors: Karlsson Paula Sonja , Gibb Alison , Ferri Paul
Published: April 2018

The One-Minute Paper (OMP) is a formative classroom assessment and feedback technique. It can be used by lecturers to identify instances where they have not been clear in their teaching or where the topic covered has been difficult for students to grasp, thus enabling lecturers to address the issues that need further clarity. Whilst the paper-based OMP may have fallen out of fashion in the twenty-first century digital age (being especially difficult to utilise efficiently in large classes), we believe that the OMP is an invaluable learning tool that simply needs to be transposed into a digital format. This paper outlines a staff/student partnership focused on redesigning an existing classroom response system to enable a digital One-Minute Paper (DOMP) to be administered. The DOMP is envisaged to be able to capture qualitative feedback responses from students and facilitate quick analysis of such responses.
Involving international postgraduate students in university initiatives – a qualitative investigation into ‘UCL ChangeMakers’
Authors: Vikhanova Anastasia , Wedi Vanessa
Published: April 2018

UCL ChangeMakers is the collaborative initiative launched in 2014 to enhance student learning experience in University College London (UCL), UK. Its aim is to enable students and staff to work together to make changes in the UCL community. In 2016/17, the UCL ChangeMakers initiative struggled to recruit projects from the postgraduate (PG) student population; however, postgrads are believed to have brought exceptionally valuable ideas into the initiative. The current study aimed to investigate the general image of the UCL ChangeMakers initiative among the UCL PG population and identify potential areas of improvement for attracting more PG students into the scheme. Two focus groups were conducted with current international PGs participating in the UCL ChangeMakers programme and international PGs from the general UCL population. The results included a discussion on current UCL PG ChangeMakers’ experiences, the image of the initiative among the general PG UCL population and suggestions for promotion of and improvements to the initiative. Furthermore, recommendations for postgraduate involvement in university initiatives were made.
The Undergraduate Research Scholarship Scheme: A co-created approach to transforming student learning
Authors: Ayres Ruth L , Wilson Christopher J
Published: April 2018

The value of student as researcher/‘co-producer’ has been well documented in the research literature.  This case study outlines an institutional 'student as researcher' initiative that was introduced to enable the co-creation of research by undergraduate students working in partnership with members of academic staff.  The paper outlines the establishment and implementation of the scheme and offers a reflection upon and exploration of its perceived value, through the lens of staff and students who participated in it.
The Penrynopoly Project: Empowering Students as Researchers
Authors: Cutting Kieran , Evans Natasha , Pomeroy Dean
Published: April 2018

The marketization of Higher Education (HE) is changing how students perceive their education, increasing the need for mechanisms which highlight education’s intrinsic value. Empowering students as researchers improves the potential for students to thrive throughout their degree, can create innovative research and can have positive impact upon universities and their local communities. Written from the student perspective, this paper follows the ‘Penrynopoly Project’, a successful example of ‘students as researchers’, throughout its development and identifies the lasting impacts it has upon the students, the community and the institution. The paper also advances some recommendations for the successful launching of student research projects – the use of interdisciplinary, innovative research methods, the presence of supportive, encouraging staff and the need to think beyond the classroom in relation to course and assessment design and delivery. This paper asserts that encouraging students to be researchers is not simply a curious pedagogical tool, but a transformative framework that can alleviate many problems with current impact on HE.
Biopolymer Injection in Offshore Single-Well Test
Authors: Beeder Janiche , Skarstad Anita , Prasad Dhruva , Todosijevic Ana , Mahler Eva , Fleck Christian , Lehr Florian
Published: April 2018

A single well biopolymer injection test has been performed to investigate the stability of the biopolymer Schizophyllan under reservoir conditions. Laboratory tests of the Schizophyllan biopolymer prior to field test did show microbial degradation, and an environmentally qualified biocide was selected to be injected together with the biopolymer.

The objective of this paper is to focus on the microbial aspects of using biopolymers for EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery) by performing an extensive microbial analysis program of injected and produced water samples both prior to and after injection of the biopolymer into the reservoir.

Multiple samples at different stages during the field test were collected using sterile and anaerobic methods to investigate any change in microbial community and evaluate any microbial degradation of the biopolymer.

Analyses show that the biopolymer was not biodegraded during the shut-in period due to presence of biocide. However, microbes able to degrade the biopolymer Schizophyllan were present and could have biodegraded the biopolymer in the absence of active biocide. The microbial community changed in the area affected by biopolymer injection during the field test.
Methodology to Assimilate Multi-Objective Data Probabilistically Applied to an Offshore Field in the Campos Basin, Brazil
Authors: Gomes Carlos Eduardo , Maschio Celio , Paes Vinicius Costa , Correia Manuel Gomes , Câmara Paulo Sérgio , Santos Antonio Alberto , Schiozer Denis José , Silva Marcia Ida , Dos Santos Marcos Sebastião , Anyzewski Alessandra Silva
Published: April 2018

This work applies a new methodology to assimilate multi-objective data (production, injection and, pressure of all wells) based on five of the twelve steps described by Schiozer et al. (2015) using reservoir simulation and uncertainty reduction for a brown offshore field in the Campos Basin, Brazil. We use probabilistic techniques to assimilate all data simultaneously, improving the performance of the process. The 12-step methodology by Schiozer et al. is based on a closed-loop reservoir development and management process. Steps 1 and 2 construct the model under uncertainties and select the numerical model. Steps 3 to 5 assimilate history data in an iterative process proposed by Maschio and Schiozer (2016). At each iteration, a set of best-matched models is selected to update the probability distributions of the reservoir properties (parameters) based on a correlation matrix. Steps 6 to 12, comprising the decision analysis, were not included in this work. The results reflect a practical application of the methodology, considering a real reservoir with two zones and complex behavior that was captured during reservoir characterization using an uncertainty reduction algorithm. The reservoir was characterized through the probabilistic combination of uncertain variables, based on well logs and seismic data. The probabilistic characterization highlighted the geological variability under uncertainty. A set of three hundred geological realizations with associated porosity, net-to-gross ratio, and permeability distributions was generated for further combination with uncertain dynamic parameters. The method DLHG (Discretized Latin Hypercube combined with Geostatistics) was used during the entire process to build approximately 1000 uncertain scenarios allowing the review of reservoir parameters in any iteration. The data assimilation process was used to update the probability density function for each parameter according to the data match indicators. We significantly reduced the uncertainty and improved production forecast reliability. This paper integrated different areas including reservoir characterization, reservoir simulation and history matching with the associated uncertainty reduction. The methodology was successfully applied in a practical case with several uncertainties, indicating good potential for application in other fields. The matching quality was better than in previous approaches.
Model Selection for Error Generalization in History Matching
Authors: Nezhad Karim Nobakht Behzad , Christie Mike , Demyanov Vasily
Published: April 2018

In order to better understand reservoir behavior, reservoir engineers make sure that the model fits the data appropriately. The question of how well a model fits the data is described by a match quality function carrying assumptions about data. From a statistical perspective, improper assumptions about the underlying model may lead to misleading belief about the future response of reservoir models. For instance, a simple linear regression model may have a fair fit to available data, yet fail to predict well. On the contrary, a model may perfectly match the data but make poor prediction (i.e. overfitting). In both cases, the regression model mean response will be far from the true response of the reservoir variables and will cause poor decision making. Therefore, a suitable model has to provide balance between the goodness of the fitted model and the model complexity.

In the model selection problem, realistic assumptions concerning the details of model specification are the key elements in learning from data. With regard to conventional history match scheme, the data fitting is usually performed by linear least-squares regression model (LSQ) which makes simple, yet often unrealistic, assumptions about the discrepancy between the model output and the measured values. The linear LSQ model ignores any likely correlation structure in discrepancy, changes in mean and pattern similarities reflecting on poor prediction.

In this work, we interpret the model selection problem in data-driven settings that enables us to first interpolate the error in history period, and second propagate it towards unseen data (i.e. error generalization). The error models constructed by inferring parameters of selected models can predict the response variable (e.g. oil rate) at any point in input space (e.g. time) with corresponding generalization uncertainty. These models are inferred through training/validation data set and further compared in terms of average generalization error on test set.

Our results demonstrate how incorporating different correlation structures of errors improves predictive performance of the model for the deterministic aspect of the reservoir modelling. In addition, our findings based on different inference of selected error models highlight an enormous failure in prediction by improper models.
Study of the Feasibility of the Carbon Dioxide Injection in a North Sea Petroleum Reservoir
Authors: Al-Masri Wael , Papaspyrou Christos , Shapiro Alexander , Suicmez Vural
Published: April 2018

Carbon dioxide injection has recently been considered as a promising method for enhanced oil recovery. The supercritical carbon dioxide is often miscible or nearly miscible with the oil under reservoir conditions, which facilitates high recovery. Underground injection of carbon dioxide is also of a significant ecological advantage, and utilization of CO2 results in a noticeable reduction of the taxation of the petroleum companies. On the other hand, application of carbon dioxide under conditions of the North Sea petroleum reservoirs for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is hindered by multiple practical problems: availability of the CO2 sources, logistics of the delivery offshore, corrosion resistivity of the installations, and other. Previous studies of CO2 EOR for the reservoirs of the North Sea region, including core-flooding experiments and reservoir simulations, indicate that the deployment of CO2-EOR can significantly enhance the recovery of hydrocarbons. However, CO2 must be generated from anthropogenic sources, which affects the feasibility of the projects.

The current study evaluates the potential of a CO2-EOR project under the conditions of a specific petroleum reservoir of the Danish sector North Sea. Geological characteristics of the reservoir and the detailed oil properties lie in the ground of the study. The minimum miscibility pressures between CO2 and the reservoir oil are evaluated with the help of the in-house software (SPECS 5.70) and the commercial reservoir simulator (ECLIPSE 300). The results are verified in the slimtube simulations. The effect of the different oil characterizations and its lumping into the different numbers of components is investigated. The oil is found to be miscible with the carbon dioxide under reservoir conditions.

Several injection scenarios have been tested on the 2-D and 3-D reservoir models. Waterflooding was compared to injection of carbon dioxide, as well as water-alternate gas injection. An optimal scenario with regard to water-gas ratio under WAG was selected for further studies.

Finally, a cash flow model by Monte Carlo simulations and a sensitivity analysis on the impact of oil and CO2 price and discount rate, certify the feasibility and attractiveness of a CO2-EOR project in the West Flank of the Dan field.
Combining Multiple Fracturing Diagnostic Tests is an Effective Substitute for Production Logs in Unconventional Horizontal Wells
Authors: Crawford Elspeth
Published: April 2018

Utilizing fracture diagnostic tests during each stage in a horizontal — the Pump-In Leakoff Factor (PILF), the Instantaneous Shut In Pressure (ISIP) leakoff calcutaions, and the change (delta) of both in a pre-proppant step down test, and a post fracture step down test — a correlation of "effective stimulation" and "effective production" can be achieved. PILF is intended to be used as a relative indicator of the stage's capacity to dissipate hydraulic fracturing energy. It can also be used to visualize the connectivity and size of a fracture network. A general leakoff trend that can also be used to evaluate the fracture's ability to support the connected flow — i.e., the general concept of "propped." Taking these calculations results, and comparing them with a production log, an idea of applying the calculations to simulate production response, without having to run secondary production logs is proposed. When the deltas and the spread over the lateral are overlaid, and compare to the production log, the best deltas correspond to the best response on the log. This was done for multiple wells, and five have been pulled to review in this paper. This paper will describe the process, and results, with the end goal of having an effective substitute to calculate the contributions of a stage without running a production log.
Molar Distributions of Equilibrium Systems
Authors: Alqahtani Fahd Mohamad , Whitson Curtis Hays
Published: April 2018

This paper deals with the observation that in most equilibrium systems of petroleum mixtures, the molar distribution shape of heavier fractions such as C7+ are very similar. This observation is verified for a wide range of equilibrium pressure-temperature conditions for a wide range of petroleum reservoir mixtures. The states of equilibrium studied include saturation pressure, two-phase flash within the phase envelope, and isothermal systems under the influence of gravitational segregation. The gamma distribution model is used to quantify molar distribution. The gamma distribution parameter a defines the distribution shape which provides a quantitative measure of similarity between equilibrium phases.

The Hoffman, Crump and Hocott(1953) source of reservoir fluids for a saturated gas-oil system (containing only hydrocarbons) has been used in this study. The SRK EOS with zero binary interaction coefficients is used as the thermodynamic model to describe phase behavior of the Hoffman et al fluid system.

A number of applications are given related to the similarity of equilibrium phase molar distributions.
A Consistent Method to Build and Use a 3D Mechanical Earth Model
Authors: Cuesta Bertrand , Vorobiev Sergey
Published: April 2018

The document presents a consistent method to build 3D Mechanical Earth Models (3D MEM). It is based on a rock physics study to derive field specific correlations between mechanical properties and interpreted petrophysical quantities. The 3D MEMs built using this methodology yield robustness and consistency when matching to the measured minimum stress. They also display good predictive capabilities making them valuable for operational design.

This method consists of conducting a preliminary rock physics study in order to obtain correlations between the mechanical properties (elastic moduli and strength), of the various formations that are considered, and basic interpreted quantities which are readily available in most 3D geological models (porosity or mineralogy). The correlations are used to build a 3D MEM which is consistent with both the 3D geological model and the 1D geomechanical interpretation. It is also possible to extend the correlations by linking raw log data to rock mechanical properties.

The model was tested against field case study to verify its predictiveness. Minimum stresses calculated by the 3D MEM matched well to the measured values obtained from mini-frac tests performed at various locations. Ultimately it permits to better forecast the material properties (in 3D) as well as the effective stress tensor (in 4D). The 3D MEMs were used to evaluate the risks for infill drilling, and for completion purposes. Performing this type of preliminary rock physics study has a number of benefits. Firstly, to help identify which logging suite should be run to characterize the geomechanical properties of a given formation, and secondly it can be used to derive correlations between raw log data and geomechanical properties. These correlations can be applied during operations for real time decision making purposes when there is not yet a petrophysical interpretation available.

The novelty of the method introduced lies in the systematic and coherent integration of data to build a consistent geomechanical model (3D or 1D), that exhibits a robust predictive capability and shows the value of 3D MEM for the design of drilling and completion operations.
Offshore Exploratory Drilling Campaigns During Oil Price Downturns: Maximizing Value Creation from Flexibility
Authors: Cardenas Camilo , Bratvold Reidar , Jafarizadeh Babak
Published: April 2018

During oil price downturns, many operating companies reduce or eliminate large investments with long time horizons such as exploratory drilling campaigns. This reduction in investments induces rig and drilling services providers to decrease their bids to remain competitive. Consequently, the exploration expense is decreased, lessening the initial expenditure in the project. In this research, a valuation approach is implemented to study the impact of this investment reduction on the decision-making process for executing exploratory drilling campaigns during oil price downturns. It is shown that postponing exploration campaigns during oil downturns does not necessary maximize value creation.

Value creation from investment in oil price downturns results from the combination of uncertainty and flexibility. Value of flexibility (optionality), also referred to as Real Options value, can be estimated using a variety of methods. In this work, we use the versatile Least-Square Monte Carlo Method (LSM) approach developed by Longstaff and Schwartz (2001) to evaluate the waiting option for exploration drilling. Uncertainties in oil prices and drilling costs are included as they have the largest impact on the alternative chosen and the value achieved. We implement a two-factor stochastic oil price process developed by Schwartz and Smith (2000), as this model provides a good balance between realism and ease of communication. Uncertainty in the drilling costs is modeled as a Geometric Brownian Motion process. We also account for dependencies between oil price and costs by correlating the drilling cost with the previous period's oil prices.

We show that the real option methodology will identify the optimal time to start exploration drilling. We also demonstrate the effect of correlation between the drilling cost and the oil price on the optimal time to drill; which for this study is the year with lowest expected oil price. Furthermore, we analyze the sensitivity of project value with respect to the correlation factor and the parameters in the stochastic price model. This work demonstrates that including price-cost uncertainties and correlations leads to more realistic value estimates, resulting in investment decisions that maximize value.

This paper contributes to the practice of petroleum project analysis by showing the effect of correlations on the optimal time of drilling and the value of waiting options, demonstrating that it could be optimal to drill exploration wells during oil price downturns. The real option model developed in this paper is applicable to many types of exploration projects in the petroleum industry.
Performance Prediction for Dynamic Autonomous Flow Control Valves
Authors: Sørheim Ivar Leander , Askvik Stian Morken , Asheim Harald Arne
Published: April 2018

Flow forces controls this valve by moving a plate to adjust the opening. Viscous oil tends to open the valve, while less viscous water and gas make it choke. It also chokes at high flow rates. Such features are useful for inflow control along horizontal well. It may also have wider applications.

Pressure drops were measured across a test valve, for different flow rates and fluids. Measurements were compared to an analytic solution, relating performance to fluid properties, valve geometry and dimensions.

For water and oil, the measurements generally confirmed the analytic solution, but also revealed certain deviations. Measured performance with air showed phenomena not properly predicted by the analytic solution, which does not include compressibility

Published data for a commercial flow control valve of similar geometry indicate poorer performance than for the current experimental valve. Since the construction and dimension of the commercial valve are kept under cover, reasons becomes speculative