bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Disorder: diminished responsibility and mitigation of sentence
Authors: Scott Russ
Published: December 2017

Objective:

The objective of this study was to consider the implications of a recent Western Australia Court of Appeal decision in which an indigenous youth who had been sentenced for the manslaughter of his neonate child was later diagnosed with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Disorder.

Conclusion:

The increased use of the 2016 Australian guide to the diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder should be encouraged to enable clinicians to not only diagnose and manage Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Disorder, but also counsel families to prevent it.
Cracks in the Ceiling? Historical and Contemporary Trends of African American Deans of Schools of Social Work
Authors: Banks Leon , Hopps June Gary , Briggs Harold E.
Published: December 2017

This article presents data from an exploratory study of the demographic and published scholarship profiles of the deans and university provosts of the top 50 schools of social work as ranked by the 2016 U.S. News and World Report ratings.

Method:

The authors used an exploratory design to conduct a content analysis of the demographic and scholarship characteristics of the deans and provosts of the 50 top schools of social work.

Results:

The data show that the majority of deans and provosts of the top 50 schools of social work are Caucasian. The frequency of mentions of African Americans and other ethnically diverse groups in published articles by deans is uneven.

Implications:

This study highlights recommendations to enhance the opportunities for deanships among racially diverse faculty and to guide further research that explores the reasons for lack of racially diverse candidates selected as deans of schools of social work.
Translating Health Behavior Interventions Across Nations
Authors: Sussman Steve , Baezconde-Garbanati Lourdes , Unger Jennifer , Wipfli Heather , Palinkas Lawrence
Published: December 2017

This article provides an overview of international translation of health behavior interventions. The ideas expressed in this article serve to provide direction when developing a health behavior program for a host country, utilizing previous programmatic knowledge from elsewhere. First, the authors discuss constituents of country-level variables about which international translation might focus. Next, they suggest two general sorts of adaptations reflecting country-level differences: surface versus deep-level changes and language. Then, they highlight the importance and means of cooperation in international translation. Two examples of international translation protocols are presented.
Intimate Partner Violence and Abuse Against Men: Voices of Victimization Among Ex-Servicemen of the British Armed Forces
Authors: Taylor Paul , Keeling June , Mottershead Richard
Published: December 2017

This study presents the personal testimonies of male British ex-Armed Forces personnel who have experienced violence and abuse victimization that was perpetrated by civilian female partners. In this research, we argue that to embark upon any understanding of the domestic lives of military personnel, an appreciation of the linkages to the cultural context of the military institution is necessary. Understanding the influence of the military institution beyond the military domain is crucial. We unveil the nature and character of the violence and abuse and how the servicemen negotiated their relationships. In doing so, we highlight the embodiment of military discipline, skills, and tactics in the home—not ones of violence which may be routinely linked to military masculinities; rather ones of restraint, tolerance, stoicism, and the reduction of a threat to inconsequential individual significance.
Competitive relationship between thermal effect and grain boundary precipitates on the ductility of an as-quenched Al–Cu–Mn alloy
Authors: Wang Wenguang , Wang Gang , Guo Guannan , Rong Yiming
Published: December 2017

The ductility of an Al–Cu–Mn alloy is typically characterized by fracture strain and is influenced by experimental temperature and its microstructure. Previous researches show that the ductility increases with the temperature and decreases with the strain rate. However, based on the results of isothermal tensile tests of as-quenched Al–Cu–Mn alloy in this paper, it was found that the ductility decreased apparently (approximately 90% under strain rate of 0.001/s) at a medium temperature range (573–673 K) and gradually reincreased to its original level at higher temperature. A competitive relationship between temperature softening and grain boundary T precipitation was proposed to account for the unusual variation of ductility. In addition, a ductility model based on the competitive relationship was deduced to quantify the evolution of the fracture strain for the as-quenched Al–Cu–Mn alloy and validated by the experimental results.
The Perspectives of Two First-Generation College Students Pursuing Doctoral Degrees in Music Education
Authors: Vasil Martina , McCall Joyce M.
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this autoethnographic multiple case study was to compare experiences of two first-generation college students pursuing doctoral degrees in music education. Motivations for pursuing an advanced degree were to enact change in the field of music education and fulfill personal ambitions. Participants encountered two challenges, insufficient cognitive maps and inadequate familial support, which contributed to financial difficulties and health issues. Support networks inside and outside of their music education doctoral programs facilitated degree attainment. Participants lacked the cultural capital needed to navigate higher education because of their first-generation status. Instead, participants employed several forms of community cultural wealth: social, navigational, resistant, and familial capital. Through examining each other’s experiences, we offer suggestions for preparing and supporting a more diverse group of future music teacher educators.
Mentoring for Mentors: The Music Mentor Plus Program
Authors: Berg Margaret H. , Rickels David A.
Published: December 2017

The Music Mentor Plus program was designed to introduce mentoring strategies teachers can implement during supervision of student teachers and early field experience interns, while also fostering connections between field-based modeling and university methods course content. Throughout the 2015–2016 school year, seven music teachers and two university music education faculty members engaged in a series of live workshops and ongoing electronic communication. Participants joined in discussions and role-play activities and completed readings and reflection assignments. In this article, we present an outline of the program as well as reflections on the experience from the faculty leaders and participating teachers.
It’s All Relative: A Team-Based Social Comparison Model for Self-Evaluations of Effectiveness
Authors: Margolis Jaclyn A. , Dust Scott B.
Published: December 2017

We apply social comparison theory (SCT) to the organizational context and develop a model explicating the social comparison process that occurs within organizational teams. In doing so, we highlight how individual, team, and managerial factors influence this process. First, we discuss how task-related (e.g., functional background and experience) and demographic-related (e.g., age, gender, and race) team characteristics affect social comparison target selection (i.e., the team as a whole, a subgroup, or a specific individual) and further explain the impact of metacognitive capacities on this referent selection process. Next, we explore how team norms of collaboration versus competition affect whether employees assimilate or contrast, respectively, during social comparisons. Subsequently, we highlight how managers influence the proposed social comparison process. Finally, we discuss how social comparisons can be productive or unproductive for team members’ organization-based self-esteem (OBSE). We conclude by discussing the theoretical and practical implications of our model and offering avenues for future research.
Factors Associated With Body Image Perception Among Brazilian Students From Low Human Development Index Areas
Authors: de Araujo Thábyta Silva , Barbosa Filho Valter Cordeiro , Gubert Fabiane do Amaral , de Almeida Paulo César , Martins Mariana Cavalcante , Carvalho Queliane Gomes da Silva , Costa Ana Cristina Pereira de Jesus , Vieira Neiva Francenely Cunha
Published: December 2017

This study aimed to evaluate sociodemographic, behavioral, and individual factors associated with body image perception in a sample of adolescents from schools in low Human Development Index areas in Brazil. This cross-sectional study included 609 boys and 573 girls (aged 11–17 years). Body image perception (nine-silhouettes scale) and sociodemographic, behavioral, and individual variables were included. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used. Most boys (76.9%) and girls (77.5%) were dissatisfied with their body image. Body mass index status and healthy body image evaluation were significantly associated with body image dissatisfaction in both boys and girls ( p < .001), and daily fruit consumption was associated with body image dissatisfaction only in boys ( p = .035). Education and health care focused on body image can pay special attention to young people from vulnerable areas with unhealthy nutritional status and focus on strategies that enable improving the perception of a healthy body and a healthy diet.
Evidence Based Review of Pharmacotherapy for Opioid-Induced Constipation in Noncancer Pain
Authors: Murphy Julie A. , Sheridan Erica A.
Published: December 2017

Objective: To summarize and evaluate the existing literature regarding medications to treat opioid-induced constipation (OIC) in patients with chronic noncancer pain (CNCP). Data Sources: PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched using the following terms: constipation, opioid, chronic, pain, noncancer, nonmalignant, methylnaltrexone, alvimopan, lubiprostone, naloxegol, and naldemedine. Study Selection and Data Extraction: The search was limited to randomized controlled trials reporting human outcomes. Data extracted included the following: study design, population, intervention, control, outcomes related to OIC and safety, and potential biases assessed using Cochrane Collaboration’s Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. Data Synthesis: After assessment, 16 of the 190 studies were included: methylnaltrexone (n = 4), naloxegol (n = 3), naldemedine (n = 2), lubiprostone (n = 3), and alvimopan (n = 4). Lubiprostone was the only nonperipherally acting µ-opioid receptor antagonist included. Only 1 study (naloxegol) used “usual care” (nonstudy laxative) rather than placebo as a comparator. Placebo-controlled trials demonstrated benefit for methylnaltrexone, naloxegol, naldemedine, and lubiprostone, with conflicting evidence for alvimopan. No data suggest that one agent is better than another. Overall risk of bias across all studies was low to moderate. Conclusions: With risk of bias determined to be low to moderate, published data to date suggest that methylnaltrexone, naloxegol, and naldemedine may be appropriate to treat OIC in patients with CNCP.
Role of Topical Oxymetazoline for Management of Erythematotelangiectatic Rosacea
Authors: Hoover Rebecca M. , Erramouspe John
Published: December 2017

Objective: To review and summarize topical oxymetazoline’s pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, safety, cost, and place in therapy for persistent redness associated with erythematotelangiectatic rosacea. Data Sources: Literature searches of MEDLINE (1975 to September 2017), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1975 to September 2017), and Cochrane Database (publications through September 2017) using the terms rosacea, persistent redness, α -agonist, and oxymetazoline. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Results were limited to studies of human subjects, English-language publications, and topical use of oxymetazoline. Relevant materials from government sources, industry, and reviews were also included. Data Synthesis: Data support the efficacy of oxymetazoline for persistent facial redness. Little study beyond clinical trials cited in the drug approval process has been conducted. Current data suggest that oxymetazoline is similar in safety and efficacy to brimonidine. Head-to-head comparisons of topical α-agonists for erythema caused by rosacea are needed. Conclusion: The topical α-agonist, oxymetazoline, is safe and effective for reducing persistent facial redness associated with erythematotelangiectatic subtype of rosacea. Health care practitioners selecting among treatments should consider not only the subtype of rosacea but also individual patient response, preference, and cost.
Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir/Voxilaprevir: A Pan-Genotypic Direct-Acting Antiviral Combination for Hepatitis C
Authors: Chahine Elias B. , Kelley Denise , Childs-Kean Lindsey M.
Published: December 2017

Objectives: To review the efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir in the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Data Sources: A literature search through PubMed was conducted (August 2010 to August 2017) using the terms GS-9857, voxilaprevir, and NS3/4A protease inhibitor. Study Selection/Data Extraction: Studies of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir were identified. Data Synthesis: Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir is indicated for adult patients with chronic HCV without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis who have (1) genotype 1 through 6 and have previously been treated with an NS5A inhibitor or (2) genotype 1a or 3 and have previously been treated with sofosbuvir without an NS5A inhibitor. POLARIS-1 demonstrated that sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir for 12 weeks was highly effective in patients with HCV genotype 1 through 6 who had prior exposure to an NS5A inhibitor. POLARIS-2 failed to demonstrate that sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir for 8 weeks was noninferior to sofosbuvir/velpatasvir for 12 weeks in patients with HCV genotype 1 through 6 who had no prior exposure to direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). POLARIS-3 demonstrated that sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir for 8 weeks was as effective as sofosbuvir/velpatasvir for 12 weeks in patients with HCV genotype 3 and compensated cirrhosis who had no prior exposure to DAAs. POLARIS-4 demonstrated that sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir was as effective as sofosbuvir/velpatasvir for 12 weeks in patients with HCV genotype 1 through 3 who had prior exposure to DAAs but not an NS5A inhibitor. The most common adverse reactions were headache, fatigue, diarrhea, and nausea. Conclusions: Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir is safe and effective to treat HCV in patients who have previously been treated with DAAs.
A design practice on communicating emotions through sensory signals
Authors: Ugur Yavuz Secil , Bordegoni Monica , Carulli Marina
Published: December 2017

Emotional expression is an important human behavior, which enriches communication. Sensory organs play crucial role in emotional perception. Today, communication is mostly done via digital mediators, which dominantly address vision excluding other senses; therefore, communication becomes less affective. Wearable technology provides an intimate and continuous interaction with sensory organs. Hence, this technology can be used in order to make distant communication more affective by enabling multi-sensory interaction. This article presents a user-centered design practice on wearable products that simulate sensorial feedbacks (tactile, visual, and auditory) to express basic emotions. Three prototypes that transmit emotional messages were designed, built, and tested to observe user behavior. This article discusses how user experience obtained through the user test can be taken further to design new communication products, which can find solutions for different user needs.
Multiple Family Group Service Delivery Model for Children With Disruptive Behavior Disorders: Impact on Caregiver Stress and Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Gopalan Geetha , Bornheimer Lindsay A. , Acri Mary , Winters Andrew , O’Brien Kyle H. , Chacko Anil
Published: December 2017

Disproportionately high rates of caregiver stress and depression are found among poverty-impacted communities, with high levels of caregiver stress and depression putting youth at heightened risk for the onset and perpetuation of disruptive behavior disorders. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a behavioral parent training program called the 4Rs and 2Ss for Strengthening Families Program (4R2S) on caregiver stress and depressive symptoms among 320 youth aged 7 to 11 and their families assigned to either the 4R2S or services as usual (SAU) condition. Among caregivers with clinically significant (CS) scores at baseline, 4R2S participants manifested significantly reduced scores on the stress and depressive symptom scores to SAU participants at 6-month follow-up. Findings suggest that 4R2S may reduce caregiver stress and depressive symptoms among those caregivers initially manifesting CS levels of stress or depressive symptoms.
Contextual Factors in the Career Development of Prospective First-Generation College Students
Authors: Kantamneni Neeta , McCain Morgan R. C. , Shada Nichole , Hellwege Mary A. , Tate Jessica
Published: December 2017

Sociocultural influences may affect the academic and vocational development of first-generation college students; however, research in this area remains limited. The purpose of this study was to examine how contextual influences predicted academic and vocational outcomes for prospective first-generation college students. Participants included 142 (62 males and 80 females) high school students from low-income backgrounds enrolled in a college preparatory program. Path analyses tested the fit of a social cognitive career model examining how distal (e.g., ethnic identity) and proximal (e.g., parental support, perceptions of barriers) factors predicted vocational outcome expectations (VOE), vocational/educational self-efficacy, and student engagement. Results found an adequate fit for the social cognitive career model. Ethnic identity predicted VOEs and self-efficacy. Father support and perceived barriers predicted vocational/educational self-efficacy, whereas mother support (MS) predicted VOEs. Additionally, VOEs and MS predicted student engagement.
Testing and Extending Schwartz Refined Value Theory Using a Best–Worst Scaling Approach
Authors: Lee Julie A. , Sneddon Joanne N. , Daly Timothy M. , Schwartz Shalom H. , Soutar Geoffrey N. , Louviere Jordan J.
Published: December 2017

The theory of human values discriminated 10 basic values arrayed in a quasicircular structure. Analyses with several instruments in numerous samples supported this structure. The refined theory of human values discriminates 19 values in the same circle. Its support depends on one instrument, the revised Portrait Values Questionnaire. We introduce a forced choice method, the Best–Worst Refined Values scale (BWVr), to assess the robustness of the refined theory to method of measurement and also assess the distinctiveness and validity of a new animal welfare value. Three studies ( N = 784, 439, and 383) support the theory and the new value. Study 3 also demonstrates the convergent and discriminant validity of the 19 values by comparing the BWVr, the revised Portrait Values Questionnaire, and value-expressive behaviors and confirms the test–retest reliability of BWVr responses. These studies provide further information about the order of values in the value circle.
Validation of a Dynamic Measure of Current Cognitive Reserve in a Longitudinally Assessed Sample of Healthy Older Adults: The Tasmanian Healthy Brain Project
Authors: Summers Mathew J. , Thow Megan E. , Ward David D. , Saunders Nichole L. , Klekociuk Shannon Z. , Imlach Abbie-Rose , Summers Jeffery J. , Vickers James C.
Published: December 2017

Cognitive reserve (CR) is a theoretical construct describing the underlying cognitive capacity of an individual that confers differential levels of resistance to, and recovery from, brain injuries of various types. To date, estimates of an individual’s level of CR have been based on single proxy measures that are retrospective and static in nature. To develop a measure of dynamic change in CR across a lifetime, we previously identified a latent factor, derived from an exploratory factor analysis of a large sample of healthy older adults, as current CR (cCR). In the present study, we examined the longitudinal results of a sample of 272 older adults enrolled in the Tasmanian Healthy Brain Project. Using results from 12-month and 24-month reassessments, we examined the longitudinal validity of the cCR factor using confirmatory factor analyses. The results of these analyses indicate that the cCR factor structure is longitudinally stable. These results, in conjunction with recent results from our group demonstrating dynamic increases in cCR over time in older adults undertaking further education, lend weight to this cCR measure being a valid estimate of dynamic change in CR over time.
Development and Initial Test of the Safety Behaviors in Test Anxiety Questionnaire: Superstitious Behavior, Reassurance Seeking, Test Anxiety, and Test Performance
Authors: Knoll Ross W. , Valentiner David P. , Holzman Jacob B.
Published: December 2017

The purpose of the current studies is to identify safety behavior dimensions relevant to test anxiety, to develop a questionnaire to assess those dimensions, and to examine the validity of that questionnaire. Items were generated from interviews with college students ( N = 24). Another sample ( N = 301) completed an initial 33-item measure. Another sample ( N = 151) completed the final 19-item version the Safety Behaviors in Test Anxiety Questionnaire and provided access to their academic records. Interviews and expert evaluations were used to select items for the initial pool. An examination of item distributions and exploratory factor analysis were used to identify dimensions and reduce the item pool. Confirmatory factor analyses were used to validate the factorial structure. Correlational analyses were used to examine criterion validity of the final measure. The Safety Behaviors in Test Anxiety Questionnaire consists of a 9-item “Superstitious Behaviors” scale and a 10-item “Reassurance Seeking.” The measure shows good content validity, factorial validity, internal consistency, and convergent and discriminant validity. Only the Reassurance Seeking scale showed good incremental criterion validity. Overall, these findings suggest that reassurance seeking may be a neglected target for interventions that might increase performance on high stakes tests.
Psychopathic Personality Traits in the Military: An Examination of the Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scales in a Novel Sample
Authors: Anestis Joye C. , Green Bradley A. , Arnau Randolph C. , Anestis Michael D.
Published: December 2017

The Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale is a short, self-report measure initially developed to assess psychopathic traits in noninstitutionalized samples. The present study aimed to explore factor structure and convergent and discriminant validity of the Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale in a large U.S. military sample (90.7% Army National Guard). Factor analytic data, regression, and correlational analyses point to the superiority of Brinkley, Diamond, Magaletta, and Heigel’s three-factor model in this sample. Implications for theory and the study of psychopathic personality traits in a military sample are discussed.
Journalism Professors’ Information-Seeking Behaviors: Finding Online Tools for Teaching
Authors: Hepworth Katherine , Mensing Donica , Yun Gi Woong
Published: December 2017

As the journalism profession continues to reinvent itself, journalism professors struggle to keep up with technological advancements that provide their students with industry-relevant skills. This study seeks to understand how journalism professors find information about online tools for teaching, to learn about the efficacy of their current strategies for navigating the fractured information landscape. The diffusion of innovations perspective is applied to in-depth qualitative interviews with journalism professors. The study finds that early adopters are the most adept at seeking information about, and using, online tools. Consequently, they experience the least stress around information seeking about online tools.
Fact-Checking Effectiveness as a Function of Format and Tone: Evaluating FactCheck.org and FlackCheck.org
Authors: Young Dannagal G. , Jamieson Kathleen Hall , Poulsen Shannon , Goldring Abigail
Published: December 2017

This experiment explores the role of information format (print vs. video) and tone (humorous–nonhumorous) in shaping message interest and belief correction in the context of political fact-checking ( N = 525). To understand the mechanisms by which audience misperceptions may be reduced, this experiment tests the belief-correcting effectiveness of a humorous fact-checking video produced by Flackcheck.org , a long-form FactCheck.org print article on the same topic, a nonhumorous video debunking the same set of claims, an unrelated humorous video, and a non-stimulus control group. Mediating psychological mechanisms (message interest, counterargumentation, message discounting) and message perceptions (message confusion) are explored. Results suggest video (humorous or nonhumorous) is an effective way to reduce audience misperceptions by increasing message attention and reducing confusion.
A Computational Approach for Examining the Comparability of “Most-Viewed Lists” on Online News Sites
Authors: Zamith Rodrigo
Published: December 2017

This study introduces a computational approach for evaluating the lists of most-viewed items present on the homepages of many news organizations, focusing on two dimensions: the list’s rate of change over the course of the day and the median time it takes a news item to appear on the list. That approach is then applied in an analysis of 21 news organizations over 2 months, revealing clusters across those dimensions which indicate the reporting of different data. Scholars are ultimately encouraged to perform their own analyses and cautioned against assuming the lists are comparable just because they appear alike.
By Design or by Default: Varieties of Neoliberal Urban Development
Authors: Weaver Timothy P. R.
Published: December 2017

With the onset of the Great Recession, it looked for a moment that neoliberalism had become vulnerable to challenges from the urban level. Yet, it appears that the neoliberal ideas, institutions, and policy frameworks continue to dominate urban governance. As such, there remains a need to develop interpretive frames through which to examine the construction and reproduction of urban neoliberalism. This article seeks to provide a historically grounded account of urban neoliberalization, which pays specific attention to how neoliberalism has been constructed ideologically, politically, and institutionally. Through a comparison of cases in the United Kingdom and the United States, I suggest that the respective alignment of ideas, institutions, and interests accounts for “the pace, extent, and character” of urban neoliberalization. I argue that the variation in the manner of urban neoliberalization may be captured through two key mechanisms: neoliberalism by design and neoliberalism by default.
Public Opinion in Olympic Cities: From Bidding to Retrospection
Authors: Hiller Harry H. , Wanner Richard A.
Published: December 2017

Whereas traditionally hosting the Olympics was viewed as a top-down decision with little public input, public opinion is becoming more important in assessing and evaluating the merits of hosting the Games. Using bid documents from 2010 to 2020, the formal role that public opinion officially plays in the bid phase following the International Olympic Committee (IOC) procedures is examined. Public opinion in the preparation stage is reviewed, which demonstrates the problem of seeking simple declarations of support (Yes/No) that obfuscate important local issues (cost, traffic, urban priorities). Shifts in public opinion during the Games themselves, as well as one and four years after the Games, provide a new perspective on resident attitudes. Using retrospective data from Vancouver 2010 and London 2012, multivariate analysis demonstrates that participation in Olympic-related events (sporting and nonsporting) was the most important predictor of attitudes toward the Games and that concerns over costs were the only concerns that were justified.
Cashing in on Distress: The Expansion of Fringe Financial Institutions During the Great Recession
Authors: Faber Jacob W.
Published: December 2017

The Great Recession was a consequence of widening inequality and the growth of a tiered financial services system, in which the rich and the poor have access to vastly different tools for wealth accumulation. The spatial organization of these dynamics created neighborhoods vulnerable to predation on behalf of subprime lenders and other fringe service providers. This project seeks to understand the reproduction of institutional marginalization in consumer finance. Results show that racially isolated neighborhoods in New York City, where subprime lending and foreclosures were common, were uniquely vulnerable during the Great Recession and were communities where check cashing outlets (CCOs) sprouted, highlighting a mechanism for the reproduction of inequality over time. CCOs cost more per transaction than a checking account—potentially totaling tens of thousands of dollars over a career. The link between widening financial services inequality and the recession’s consequences provides a strong impetus for safety net and community investment policies.
The Local Autonomy of Canada’s Largest Cities
Authors: Smith Alison , Spicer Zachary
Published: December 2017

Canada’s cities operate within restrictive legislative frameworks, yet incremental changes have resulted in some large Canadian cities accepting more policy responsibility. In this article, we ask if some big cities have a greater degree of local autonomy than others? We use existing Canadian and international literature to build a made-for-Canada index to quantitatively measure and compare levels of local autonomy by measuring vertical relations between 10 large cities and their respective provinces across three dimensions: legal-administrative autonomy, fiscal autonomy, and political autonomy. Overall, we find low levels of local autonomy, but differences along various dimensions of autonomy, notably political. Few countries in the world have senior levels of government that have been so resistant to loosen restraint and regulation as has been in the case in Canada; our results from this unique and important case shed new light on the reactions of subnational government to evolving demands for increased decentralization and local autonomy.
Right Cause, Wrong Method? Examining the Politics of State Takeover in Georgia
Authors: Welsh Richard O. , Williams Sheneka , Little Shafiqua , Graham Jerome
Published: December 2017

A growing number of states are using state-run school districts to take over and improve persistently underperforming schools. This article uses Georgia to examine the politics of state takeover. We analyze the supporting and opposing coalitions as well as the alignment between state takeover and charter schools in the campaign for the constitutional amendment to create a statewide turnaround district. Our findings show that corporate interests, the governor, and nonprofit organizations supported state takeover, whereas educators, parents, and community organizations opposed state takeover. There was bipartisan support across coalitions and a crisscrossing of interests regarding local control and the path to school improvement. There are divergent views on charter schools, with supporters of state takeover favoring charter schools.
Venetoclax: A novel B-cell lymphoma-2 inhibitor for chronic lymphocytic leukemia and other hematologic malignancies
Authors: Olin Jacqueline L , Griffiths Carrie L , Smith Morgan B
Published: December 2017

Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia with the 17p deletion have a poor prognosis and treatment options are limited. Venetoclax, a novel B-cell lymphoma-2 inhibitor, has been approved for treatment-experienced chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with the 17p deletion. A phase 1 dose-escalation study to 400 mg daily showed overall response rates across all doses of 79% with a complete response achieved in 20%. A phase 2 multicenter open-label study demonstrated overall response rate of 79.4% of patients (95% confidence interval 70.5–86.6) with median duration of follow-up of 12.1 months (IQR 10.1-14.2). Tumor lysis syndrome has been observed during initiation and titration. Assessing risk of tumor lysis syndrome prior to therapy initiation is essential to provide appropriate prophylactic medications. Neutropenia, potentially warranting dose reduction or discontinuation, has been observed. Venetoclax has demonstrated activity in other leukemias, multiple myeloma, and lymphomas. Venetoclax has shown response, and is well tolerated in patients with highly resistant chronic lymphocytic leukemia. It has the potential to be part of the treatment armamentarium for other malignancies.
Prison Experience and Reoffending: Exploring the Relationship Between Prison Terms, Institutional Treatment, Infractions, and Recidivism for Sex Offenders
Authors: Hsieh Ming-Li , Hamilton Zachary , Zgoba Kristen M.
Published: December 2017

Given that sex offenders have been found to serve longer prison terms compared with other types of violent criminals, it has been suggested that the influence of imprisonment may impact subsequent reoffending. However, institutional factors are often overlooked in risk assessment studies and very few risk assessment instruments include institutional items within their models. The current study explores prison experience explanations for recidivism among convicted sex offenders and indicates that, with respect to time served, both institutional treatment and institutional infractions demonstrate a significant impact. Findings indicate that misconduct in custody was positively associated with revocation and sexual recidivism. Moreover, longer periods of incarceration significantly increase postrelease reoffending for high-risk sex offenders. Policy implications are made regarding further modifications to risk assessment instruments that will take into account institutional risk factors.
Sexual Violence Risk Prediction in a Police Context
Authors: Jung Sandy
Published: December 2017

Adoption of evidence-based approaches by police services offers a practical and scientific solution to ensure public safety and proper allocation of resources. Advances in the field of sexual violence risk prediction have the potential to inform policing practices. The present study examines the validity of existing actuarial measures to predict the future sexual violence behavior of 290 identified male perpetrators of sexual assault against adult victims (ages 16 and older). The Static-99R and Static-2002R were coded from police documentation, and the sample was followed up for at least 1 year with an average of 3.6 years. Both measures showed large effects for predicting any offending, violent offending, and sexual offending in the form of charges and convictions. The findings suggest that existing sex offender research can extend to police practice, and criminogenic factors used to predict recidivism among convicted offenders may apply to assessing the risk posed by perpetrators of police-reported sexual assaults.
Sexual Assault in the Ivory Tower: Public Opinion on University Accountability and Mandatory Reporting
Authors: Mancini Christina , Pickett Justin T. , Call Corey , McDougle Robyn Diehl , Brubaker Sarah Jane , Brownstein Henry H.
Published: December 2017

Highly publicized college sex crimes have recently captured public and policy attention. In response, greater discussion has turned to institutional accountability and controversial reforms such as mandatory reporting (MR). No study to date has measured public perceptions of campus sex assault procedures, however. This omission is notable because public opinion can directly and indirectly shape crime policy and because the topic has become increasingly politicized. Drawing on a 2015 poll of Virginia residents, this study evaluates views about campus sexual assault policy. Results indicate that two thirds of the public feel universities can effectively respond to sex crime and a large majority favors MR. Some differences in public opinion are evident. Research and policy implications are discussed.
Deconstructing Incidents of Campus Sexual Assault: Comparing Male and Female Victimizations
Authors: Budd Kristen M. , Rocque Michael , Bierie David M.
Published: December 2017

Research on campus sexual assault (CSA) has almost exclusively drawn on self-report data, examined undergraduates (i.e., students aged 18-24), and focused on female victimization. The few studies which included male CSA victims generally had fewer than 100 male subjects, which makes important statistical analyses difficult. To build upon prior literature and expand knowledge on male CSA victimization, we analyzed more than 5,000 incidents of CSA that were reported to police from across the United States using National Incident-Based Reporting System data (NIBRS; 1993-2014). We expanded victim age ranges to include those 17 to 32 years old and investigated more male CSA victimizations than prior work to date, approximately 350 incidents. Comparisons of male victim versus female victim CSA incidents, estimated via multivariate logistic regression, revealed several important patterns. Although both male and female victims were approximately 19 years old on average, perpetrators who assaulted females tended to be 23 years old while those assaulting males were on average 29. While 1% of CSA perpetrators offending against female victims were themselves female, 17% of perpetrators offending against male victims were female. Finally, CSA incidents with male victims were more likely to include multiple offenders, but less likely to involve stranger or Black perpetrators and also less likely to result in injuries relative to CSA incidents with female victims. Implications are discussed in terms of policing practices, and we pose new questions to the field regarding the study and prevention of CSA.
Are Latinos Who Commit Sexual Offenses Different? A Closer Examination of Characteristics and Offense Patterns
Authors: Fraga Dominguez Silvia , Jeglic Elizabeth L. , Calkins Cynthia , Leguizamo Alejandro
Published: December 2017

Research examining ethnic and cultural differences among individuals who commit sex offenses remains limited. Specifically, literature focusing on sex offenses committed by Latinos is scarce. Using archival data from a large sample of individuals who committed sex offenses, this study explored differences between Latino, White, and African American individuals related to their characteristics, the offenses, and the victims. Latinos in the sample were more likely to have a lower educational level, and to be living with the victim, than either their White or African American counterparts. To further understand the influence of cultural background, the study also examined differences within the Latino group based on their country of origin. Within the Latino sample, differences emerged in their educational level, criminal background, and psychiatric history. These findings are discussed as they pertain to future research and current practices related to the management and treatment of Latinos who commit sexual offenses.
Sex Offender Mobility: An Application of Crime Pattern Theory Among Child Sex Offenders
Authors: Mogavero Melanie C. , Hsu Ko-Hsin
Published: December 2017

Sex offenders are a heterogeneous group and exhibit various offense patterns. Often the location where the offender committed the offense is different from where the offender encountered their victim. Applying crime pattern theory, this study sought to understand if the type of location, victim, and situational characteristics could predict whether an offender would commit the sexual offense in a different and more secluded location than where he first encountered the victim. Among a sample of 114 incarcerated sex offenders, the results showed that offenders who contacted their victims in locations where children are known to congregate were more than 4 times more likely to travel to a more secluded location to complete the sexual offense. Those who used noncoercive strategies (e.g., bribes, seduction) during the offense process were approximately 7 times more likely to travel to a more secluded location that those who did not. Policy implications of the findings are discussed.
A regularization method for a viscoelastic contact problem
Authors: Pătrulescu Flavius
Published: December 2017

We consider a mathematical model which describes the quasistatic contact between a viscoelastic body and a deformable obstacle, the so-called foundation. The material’s behaviour is modelled with a viscoelastic constitutive law with long memory. The contact is frictionless and is defined using a multivalued normal compliance condition. We present a regularization method in the study of a class of variational inequalities involving history-dependent operators. Finally, we apply the abstract results to analyse the contact problem.
Infinitesimally affine deformations of a hypersurface
Authors: Kadianakis Nikos , Travlopanos Fotios I
Published: December 2017

Affine deformations serve as basic examples in the continuum mechanics of deformable three-dimensional bodies (usually referred to as homogeneous deformations). They preserve parallelism of straight lines, and are often used as an approximation to general deformations. However, when the deformable body is a membrane, a shell or an interface modeled by a surface, parallelism is defined by the affine connection of this surface. In this work we study the infinitesimally affine time-dependent deformations (motions) of such a continuum, but in a more general context, by considering that it is modeled by a Riemannian hypersurface. First we prove certain equivalent formulas for the variation of the connection of the hypersurface. Some of these formulas are expressed in terms of geometrical quantities, and others in terms of kinematical quantities of the deforming continuum. The latter is achieved by using an adapted version of the polar decomposition theorem, frequently used in continuum mechanics to analyze motion. We also apply our results to special motions like tangential and normal motions. Further, we find necessary and sufficient conditions for this variation to be zero (infinitesimal affine motions), providing insight on the form of these motions and the kind of hypersurfaces that allow such motions. Finally, we give some specific examples of mechanical interest which demonstrate motions that are infinitesimally affine but not infinitesimally isometric.
A circular inhomogeneity incorporating surface/interface strain gradient elasticity
Authors: Wang Xu
Published: December 2017

We derive a rigorous solution to the anti-plane shear problem of a circular elastic inhomogeneity with an imperfect interface described by surface strain gradient elasticity. The loadings considered include a uniform remote stress field and a screw dislocation applied either in the matrix or in the inhomogeneity. By using analytical continuation, the problem is reduced to a third-order differential equation for a single analytic function. The analysis indicates that in the absence of the screw dislocation, the internal stress field is uniform and is reliant on two size-dependent parameters arising from surface strain gradient elasticity. The size-dependent image force acting on the screw dislocation is derived. The conditions for the existence of equilibrium positions for the dislocation in the matrix or in the inhomogeneity are obtained. Several numerical examples are presented to illustrate the solution. As an application of the solution, the stabilities of a misfit screw dislocation dipole in the matrix and a screw dislocation pair in the inhomogeneity are also discussed.
Dynamic analysis of rectangular plates crossed by distributed moving loads
Authors: Sorrentino S , Catania G
Published: December 2017

This study investigates the dynamic behaviour of plates crossed by distributed moving gravitational and inertial loads, in the case in which the relative magnitude of the moving mass introduces a coupling effect with the structure, with possible applications to the vibration analysis of railway bridges. A rectangular Kirchhoff plate is considered, simply supported on two opposite edges and free on the other two edges, loaded by a partially distributed mass travelling in the parallel direction with respect to the free edges. The formulation includes damping, and it is accomplished by the Rayleigh–Ritz method, expressing the solution in semi-analytical form. The shape functions for describing the transverse displacement field of the plate are selected as tensor products of linearly independent eigenfunctions of homogeneous uniform beams in flexural vibration, yielding a low-order model with time-dependent coefficients. Numerical examples are then presented and discussed, aimed at investigating the effects of each of the model governing parameters.
ADHD Traits in German School-Aged Children: Validation of the German Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHS Symptoms and Normal Behavior (SWAN-DE) Scale
Authors: Schulz-Zhecheva Yoanna , Voelkle Manuel , Beauducel André , Buch Nadja , Fleischhaker Christian , Bender Stephan , Saville Christopher W. N. , Biscaldi Monica , Klein Christoph
Published: December 2017

Objective: The Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHS–Symptoms and Normal Behavior (SWAN) Scale has been developed to support the dimensional assessment of ADHD symptoms by capturing variance on both poles of the ADHD continuum. The present study provides the first validation of the German version of SWAN (SWAN-DE). Method: Based on a sample of N1 = 343 children from the general population and N2 = 62 children with ADHD, both aged between 8 and 18 years, normality, internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and different validity indices were examined. Results: SWAN was characterized by normally distributed scores, good to excellent reliability, and factorial validity. It showed high diagnostic utility in discriminating between patients with ADHD and healthy controls and significant correlations to related clinical scales and neuropsychological constructs, such as intra-subject variability. Conclusion: The present study reveals the excellent psychometric properties of SWAN-DE, which can now be usefully applied in the German-speaking countries as well as in cross-national studies.