bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Second Language (L-2) Learning Theory and Its Application in Speaking Classes
Authors: Mario Christian Noer Tjahyanto  , Besin Gaspar  , Yenny Hartanto
Published: January 2025

This article discusses two main issues related to the theory of learning a second languageand its application in speaking classes, mostly from psycholinguistic perspectives. The firstpart discusses the theory of learning the second language which consists of four mainpoints, namely 1) the theory of language learning in general, 2) the variables thatcharacterize the second language learning process such as neurological aspects,psychological aspects and psycho-pedagogic aspects, 3) affective factors in learning thesecond language and 4) the role of translation in learning the second language. The secondpart is about the application of L-2 learning theory in speaking classes based on the writer'sown experiences. These include issues such as how to deal with the accuracy vs fluency,how to deal the introvert and extrovert students, how to deal with students’ mistakes inspeaking, and how to empower the students by giving more freedom and trust and buildingself-confidence and self-esteem in order that they want to express themselves freely andconfidently.Keywords: L-2 learning theory, speaking, fluency and accuracy, self-esteem.
The Effect of Accounting Understanding and Business Size on The Quality of MSMEs Financial Statements
Authors: Sella Safrida Kurnia Yahya  , Alberta Esti Handayani
Published: January 2025

The economic growth of Indonesia is greatly supported by the abundance of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). MSMEs plays a crucial role in economic growth and development, giving rise to new economic sectors. During the pandemic, the number of MSMEs in Sidoarjo Regency declined, resulting in an average decrease of 61% in business profit. One of the strategies to restore profit growth is by reviewing financial reports. However, MSMEs still faces difficulties in managing financial reports. This research aims to analyze the influence of accounting understanding and business size on the quality of MSMEs financial reports, using the financial reporting theory according to PSAK 1. This study employs a quantitative descriptive design. The research findings indicate that accounting understanding and business size significantly influence the quality of financial reports.Keywords: Accounting Understandin; Business Size; Financial Report Quality
Learning Problems Jujuhyogen Based ICT (Information and Communication Technology) (Case Study: Unitomo Japanese Literature Additional Class)
Authors: Nurul Mufidah  , Isnin Ainie
Published: January 2025

Since the Covid pandemic, Unitomo Japanese Literature students have been familiar with ICT (Information and Communication Technology)-based learning, for example the use of zoom, google meet, e-learning, to the use of educational platforms such as edmodo, kahoot, quiziz and others. This study discusses the problems that occur during ICT-based jujuhyougen learning in Unitomo's additional Japanese Literature class. Jujuhyogen material is an expression that states giving or receiving something in Japanese. In the implementation of the addtional class, problems were found in the form of communication barriers experienced by students and teachers. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach. The subjects of this study were Unitomo Japanese Literature Study Program students, class of 2022 and class of 2023. Data collection techniques were in the form of tests, interviews and observations. The results of this study indicate that there are three communication barriers experienced by Unitomo Japanese Literature students, namely 1) Psychological barriers of interest (Interest), 2) Psychological barriers of prejudice (Prejudice) 3) Barriers to sources, 4) Barriers to message transmission. From these obstacles, students become sleepy, bored and less interactive, and more passive during the learning process. Therefore, in ICT-based learning, teachers should be more communicative with students, such as asking students to activate their cameras and inviting them to discuss. Keywords: Additional Class, Based Learning ICT, Japanese Literature, Jujuhyogen
AI Utilization and Ikigai Concepts Application for Middle-Last Adolescents in Determining The Future
Authors: Novi Andari  , Umul Khasanah
Published: January 2025

Artificial Intelligence (AI) currently helps humans in solving problems. Among Indonesian students, AI is still limited in its use for completing school assignments, and has not been used to develop identity and self-concept for the future. This research aims to integrate the use of AI and the Japanese cultural concept of Ikigai for middle adolescent students in making decisions in the future. Through ChatGPT, students are invited to seek knowledge about various fields of study to determine the field of study they will pursue in higher education according to their interests and aspirations. This research was carried out using questionnaires and socialization methods. Questionnaires were given to explore each student's self-concept and socialization was provided about the Japanese cultural concept of Ikigai and the use of AI to help open students' insight into fields of study that suit their interests and aspirations. Through ChatGPT, it is easier for students to find a field of study that suits their interests and aspirations and through the concept of ikigai, students can understand their identity and self-concept so they are able to determine their future. Present Time's Artificial Intelligence (AI), if used properly, will really help human problems, especially for students in the transitional age from adolescence to adulthood who must determine their future from the start with full awareness and responsibility.Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Ikigai Concept; Middle Adolescence; Self-Concept; Self-Perception
Program Kesehatan untuk Mengurangi Stunting di Negara Berkembang : Scoping Review
Authors: Anita Anita Joana Ferreira
Published: January 2025

Abstrak : Stunting merupakan masalah kesehatan utama di Asia Tenggara, dengan prevalensi tertinggi di Timor Leste mencapai 47.1% pada tahun 2022. Berbagai faktor, termasuk kondisi sosial ekonomi, pola makan, dan status gizi ibu-anak, berkontribusi terhadap stunting. Meskipun upaya seperti suplementasi zat besi dan kegiatan Posyandu telah dilakukan, program-program tersebut belum sepenuhnya efektif. Sebaliknya, pendekatan terpadu seperti program Suchana di Bangladesh menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik. Metode : Scoping review ini memetakan efektivitas program kesehatan dalam mengurangi stunting di negara berkembang. Literaturnya mencakup tahun 2013-2023, menggunakan basis data seperti PubMed, Science Direct, dan Crossref. Kerangka PRISMA-ScR membimbing proses tinjauan sistematis, menilai kualitas bukti menggunakan alat dari Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Hasil : Tujuh artikel terpilih menyoroti program penurunan stunting yang sukses di India, Guatemala, Indonesia, Malawi, dan Burundi. Program efektif termasuk layanan kesehatan dan gizi, perbaikan sosial ekonomi, tata kelola kolaboratif, dan pelatihan tenaga kesehatan garis depan. Faktor pendukung termasuk kebijakan pemerintah, kolaborasi antar lembaga, layanan kesehatan berkualitas, dan sumber daya manusia yang memadai. Namun, implementasi program yang tidak merata dan rendahnya pendidikan serta status sosial ekonomi menghambat kemajuan. Kesimpulan : Pendekatan komprehensif yang menggabungkan layanan kesehatan, peningkatan sosial ekonomi, dan kolaborasi multi-stakeholder efektif mengurangi stunting. Memperkuat kebijakan, memastikan akses yang merata terhadap layanan, dan memperbaiki kondisi sosial ekonomi sangat penting untuk penurunan stunting yang optimal.
Direct carotid-cavernous fistula completely treated with a small number of coils by combined transarterial and transvenous embolization: A case report
Authors: Ueda Kotaro , Niimi Jun , Sako Taiki , Ando Kosuke , Tasaka Kenta , Nemoto Fumio , Hatayama Kazumi , Naito Hiromichi
Published: January 2025

Background:

Endovascular treatment options for direct carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) include transarterial or transvenous embolization with detachable coils and balloons, parent artery occlusion, or the use of flow-diverting stents across the fistula. Although combined transarterial and transvenous embolization is uncommon, it can be advantageous. We present a case of direct CCF treated successfully with a combined approach using a minimal number of detachable coils.

Case Description:

A 33-year-old female presented with tinnitus and headache following cesarean delivery and was transferred to our hospital. Cerebral angiography revealed a high-flow shunt from the superior lateral wall of the left cavernous internal carotid artery directly into the cavernous sinus, with a 3.5 × 2.8 mm shunted pouch. A diagnosis of direct CCF was confirmed. To maximize the packing density within the shunted pouch and to manage various situations during embolization, a combined transarterial and transvenous approach was utilized. Complete obliteration of the shunt was achieved without complications using only four detachable coils. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 3 with a modified Rankin Scale score of 0, and there has been no recurrence during the 6-month follow-up.

Conclusion:

Direct CCF cases are relatively rare and complex to treat. This case illustrates practical strategies and considerations for achieving complete shunt obliteration with minimal intervention, highlighting the effectiveness of combined transarterial and transvenous embolization.
Analisa Proses Pembelajaran Siswa SMK Elektronika Industri Melalui Penggunaan Slide Presentasi dan Video Media Pembelajaran di SMK Negeri 1 Simpang Kanan
Authors: Umayya Rina , Malahayati Malahayati , Fathiah Fathiah
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini dilakukan kerena belum tersedianya media pembelajaran video tutorial serta slide presentasi kepada siswa, hal ini terlihat dari siswa pada saat proses pembelajaran berlangsung yang masih berpusat pada guru, sehingga kurang kesempatan siswa untuk aktif. Penelitian dengan tujuan untuk melihat hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran video tutorial serta slide presentasi pada mata pelajaran penerpan rangkaian elektronika. Penelitian eksperimen yang melibatkan 1 kelas saja. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode Quasi eksperimen dengan rancangan one group pretest â€“ posttest. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah nilai pretest adalah sebesar 76 sebelum menggunakan media pembelajaran video tutorial serta slide presentasi, dan setelah menggunakan media pembelajaran video tutorial serta slide presentasi untuk nilai posttest sebesar 85.6 Hasil uji hipotesis diperoleh menggunakan uji sample paired T test. t hitung sebesar 3,15789 dan nilai t tabel sebesar 2,77645. Hasil ini menunjukkan taraf signifikan kurang 0,05 sehingga dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima artinya terdapat perbedaan atau peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran video tutorial dan slide presentasi
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): Association and molecular causes of HCV transformation to HCC
Authors: Peer Maqbool Nuzhat , Joshi Vinod , Angel Bennet , Angel Annette , Buvvaji Mohammed Shareef
Published: January 2025

Hepatitis C virus infection has become a major health problem affecting approximately 170 million people every year. Also around 350,000 people die every year due to this virus. In India, around 6-12 million people get infected with Hepatitis C virus. Different studies have reported the role of Hepatitis C viral proteins mainly Core, NS3, NS5B in progressing to Hepato-Cellular Carcinoma but the exact cause and effect relationships are not known. A meta-analysis was first conducted using web tools and data published in last 25 years. Secondly in silico work was also conducted and correlated with the existing study.

Interaction of HCV proteins with TP53 (Tumor Suppressing protein p53) in developing HCC was also carried out. Role of different HCV proteins has been observed in host signaling pathways which alter mechanism of tumor expression competence of host system. This study showed that HCV infection is not just limited in causing liver damage but can also lead to extra-hepatic-manifestations which may make way for severity in liver. This may further lead to challenges in development of an effective treatment against HCV, in spite of the number of Direct Acting Antivirals (DAAs) and therapies in use. More studies on molecular diagnosis, further research on DAAs and therapies can contribute in developing better therapeutics.
Правовые проблемы использования данных для развития технологий искусственного интеллекта
Authors: Климко Е.И.
Published: January 2025

Работа посвящена изучению правового обеспечения предоставления доступа к данным в целях развития отечественных технологий искусственного интеллекта. Автор обозначил проблему отсутствия правовых механизмов защиты имущественных интересов владельцев несистематизированных совокупностей данных. Следствием этого становится отсутствие стимулов у данных субъектов на предоставление совокупности данных разработчикам отечественных технологий. Для устранения обозначенной проблемы автором предложены законодательные изменения, обеспечивающие возможность признания имущественных прав на несистематизированные совокупности данных путем введения нового объекта смежных прав — «массив данных». Указанное законодательное изменение обеспечит стимулирование организаций к созданию собственных массивов данных, а также станет побуждающим мотивом для предоставления третьим лицам, включая отечественных разработчиков технологии искусственного интеллекта, указанных объектов в целях окупаемости затраченных инвестиций на их создание.

The work is devoted to the study of legal provision of access to data for the development of domestic technologies of artificial intelligence. The author identifies the problem of the lack of legal mechanisms to protect the property interests of owners of unsystematized data sets. This results in the lack of incentives for these subjects to provide data sets to the developers of domestic technologies. To eliminate this problem, the author proposes legislative changes that provide the possibility of recognizing property rights to unsystematized data sets by introducing a new object of related rights - “data array”. This legislative change will provide incentives for organizations to create their own data arrays, as well as will be an incentive to provide third parties, including domestic developers of artificial intelligence technology, these objects in order to recoup the investment spent on their creation.
Особенности уголовной ответственности за незаконную охоту и истребление редких и находящихся на грани вымирания диких животных по УК КНР
Authors: Наумов В.В. , Калининская Я.С.
Published: January 2025

В статье представлено комплексное исследование Особенной части Уголовного кодекса Китайской Народной Республики, предусматривающей ответственность за незаконную охоту и истребление редких и находящихся на грани вымирания диких животных. Авторы достаточно подробно раскрывают оценочные признаки состава преступления, предусмотренного статьей 341 Уголовного кодекса КНР. Отмечается отличие структуры уголовно-правовых норм УК КНР от структуры уголовно-правовых норм УК РФ.

In this article a comprehensive study of a special part of Chinese criminal legislation providing for liability for illegal hunting and extermination of rare and endangered wild animals is presented, which reveals in sufficient detail the estimated signs of the corpus delicti provided for in Article 341 of the Criminal Code of the People's Republic of China.
Общественные объединения как субъект общественного контроля: новые тенденции и перспективы
Authors: Привалова Е.А.
Published: January 2025

Статья посвящена деятельности общественных объединений и их роли в осуществлении общественного контроля. Отмечается значимость деятельности общественных объединений в развитии местного самоуправления. Эффективность реализации общественного контроля за деятельностью муниципальных органов невозможна без активного вовлечения институтов гражданского общества в развитие местного самоуправления, без совершенствования правового регулирования участия субъектов общественного контроля в осуществлении местного самоуправления. Особое внимание уделяется развитию и укреплению позиций института муниципального общественного контроля, усилению гласности при принятии решений органами местного самоуправления, повышению открытости и доступности принимаемых на местном уровне решений. Новизна исследования заключается в выявлении актуальных проблем деятельности общественных объединений. По результатам исследования автор формулирует предложения по внесению изменений в Федеральный закон «Об основах общественного контроля в Российской Федерации».

The article is devoted to the activities of public associations and their role in the implementation of public control. The importance of the activities of public associations in the development of local self-government is noted. The effectiveness of the implementation of public control over the activities of municipal bodies is impossible without the active involvement of civil society institutions in the development of local self-government, without improving the legal regulation of the participation of public control entities in the implementation of local self-government. Particular attention is paid to the development and strengthening of the position of the institution of municipal public control, increasing transparency in decision-making by local governments, increasing the openness and accessibility of decisions made at the local level. The novelty of the study lies in identifying current problems in the activities of public associations. Based on the results of the study, the author formulates proposals for amendments to the Federal Law "On the Fundamentals of Public Control in the Russian Federation".
Зарубежный опыт государственно-конфессиональных отношений: голландская система
Authors: Ботнев В.К. , Харитонов-Таневский А.Д.
Published: January 2025

В статье представлен краткий обзор голландской системы государственно-церковных отношений. Вместе с ретроспективным анализом описано текущее положение дел в этой сфере Нидерландах. В частности, акцент сделан на государственной поддержке религиозных организаций и социальной роли последних. Рассмотренная модель представляется одной из лучших иллюстраций принципа свободы вероисповедания и равенства (недискриминации), а также учета того факта, что человеческое достоинство, которое является краеугольным камнем прав человека, может быть найдено как в религиозном контексте, так и вне его.

In this article, the authors have compiled a brief overview of the Dutch system of state-church relations. Together with a retrospective analysis, the current state of affairs in the Netherlands is presented. In particular, the emphasis is placed on state support for religious organizations and the social role of the latter. The considered model seems to be one of the best illustrations of the principle of freedom of religion and equality/non-discrimination, as well as taking into account the fact that human dignity, which is the cornerstone of human rights, can be found both in a religious context and outside it.
TRADITIONAL CHINESE ORIGINS IN THE EUROPEAN MUSICAL-STYLISTIC CONTEXT: THE TYPE OF FOLKLORISM OF TWO INSTRUMENTAL MINIATURES BY CHINESE COMPOSERS
Authors: ZHANG MINGYI
Published: January 2025

The study of the stylistic synthesis of Chinese oral and European written traditions is undoubtedly relevant. This is due to the active development of modern Chinese composers’ creativity in this direction. The object of the study is the stylistic development at the stage of the completion of the Cultural Revolution and the beginning of the period of reform and openness, traced through the example of two instrumental miniatures by Wang Jianzhong (1974) and Qigang Chen (1980). Based on the comparative typological methodology, the method of musicological analysis is characterised by the quotation nature of the first opus, close to the ethnographism of arrangements, and the non-quotation thematics of the second one, which grew out of the creatively free refraction of folklore elements. Separated by several years, the opuses, which have individual features of continuity, testify to the then emerging stylistic turn of Chinese instrumental creativity from quotation and generally relatively simple forms of folklore embodiment to non-quotation and more complex forms.
Switchable SuFEx linker chemistry for efficient coupling of alcohols, thiols, and selenols with O-/N-nucleophiles
Authors: Wang Minlong , Hou Jiaman , Chen Lingxia , Qin Xinshu , Li Xuan , Peng Ruoqing , Li Lin , Wang Chao , Zhang Xiaohe , An Jie
Published: January 2025

Highly efficient linkage of readily available nucleophilic building blocks under mild conditions is essential for the synthesis of drug discovery and materials, yet it remains challenging due to the often unavoidable tendency of homo-coupling side reactions using traditional linkers. In this study, we present a versatile switchable SuFEx linker chemistry, exemplified by ESF, which enables highly efficient and selective coupling of thiols, alcohols, and selenols with O-/N-nucleophiles. This strategy harnesses the unique reactivity of the sulfonyl fluoride group in ESF, which can be “switched on” through noncovalent intramolecular interactions with chalcogen atoms, thereby facilitating subsequent SuFEx reactions and enabling the highly selective linkage of two distinct nucleophilic building blocks.
The radical-radical cross-coupling of alkyl carboxylic acids and organoborons
Authors: Zhong Jessica , Boudjelel Maxime , Evans Jake , Vanswearingen Ian , Malapit Christian
Published: January 2025

Carbon–carbon bond-forming reactions are fundamental in organic chemistry, constructing molecular backbones. Despite over a century of research on radicals from carboxylic acids and boronic acids, efficient cross-coupling between these species has not been achieved. Here, we revisit radical-radical cross-coupling to enable the first direct coupling of carboxylic and boronic acids to form alkyl-alkyl C–C bonds using abundant precursors. This breakthrough is enabled by integrating redox-matched alternating polarity electrolysis with controlled activation of redox-active species, ensuring high reactivity, selectivity, and broad scope. This radical-radical cross-coupling strategy opens new directions in C–C bond-forming transformations in organic synthesis.
Closed-to-open-shell ground state solid state photoswitching of thienyl-based acylhydrazones
Authors: Šetek Martin , Guerra Valentino , Robson Harry , Geleverya Anna , Maxa Ondřej , Lamancová Anna , Eigner Václav , Nachtigallová Dana , Tarábek Ján , Kovaricek Petr
Published: January 2025

Photoswitches convert a photon to molecular information through a reversible change in bonding or configuration. Applications of photoswitches are determined by the different properties in the two states and span from catalysis, to allosteric activation, to photopharmacology, up to materials and devices such as memories being able to store optical information in chemical bonds. For the latter, operation in solid state and different means to read/write/erase the information must be possible. These features, however, are challenging to achieve due to close molecular packing and intermolecular interactions. Here, we present acylhydrazones that photoswitch even in the solid state and adopt an open-shell triplet ground state electronic configuration in the photoswitched-form which is very long-lived. The optically stored information can thus be read magnetically and completely erased by applied electrochemical potential. In addition, ab initio calculations identified the closed-to-open-shell pathway and explained the singlet-triplet crossing. Photoswitching of closed/open-shell ground state electronic structure is a fundamentally new feature, which can bring new opportunities and applications. We demonstrate it on an example of the open-shell state of the photoswitch used as an initiator of radical benzylic bromination and radical debromination of an aromatic ring. However, the presented phenomenon is robust and insensitive to conditions, thus showing potential in a broad range from heterogeneous catalysis to spintronics.
An Efficient Method for the Programmed Synthesis of π-Expanded Phosphonium and Arsonium Salts
Authors: Górski Krzysztof , Ciszewski Łukasz W. , Wrzosek Antoni , Szewczyk Adam , Sobolewski Andrzej L. , Gryko Daniel T.
Published: January 2025

A new straightforward methodology for the synthesis of phosphonium salts integrated with π-conjugated scaffold from phosphine oxides has been developed. It is now possible to obtain cyclic phosphonium salts possessing up to eight conjugated rings and bearing e.g. pyrrole, thiophene, indole or benzofuran scaffolds from abundant and commercially available materials in high yields. An enticing feature of this general strategy is that this one-step procedure typically does not require chromatographical purification. Still greater synthetic possibilities are related to the fact that, even demanding scaffolds such as azulene, pyrene or fluorene can be bridged with the phospholium subunit. Starting from 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole, heretofore rarely observed ladder-type bis-phosphonium salts were effectively prepared. The ability to form phosphonium salts possessing such manifold scaffolds translated to diverse photophysical properties ranging from non-fluorescent dyes to thiophene-derivatives emitting quantitatively in the blue region. Geometry change induced by light absorption has a predominant influence on the fate of the molecules’ excited state. Moreover, for the first time it was proven that cyclic tetraarylphosphonium salts migrate through the membrane of living cells to localize in the mitochondria similarly to the well-known triarylphosphonium salts.
Developing students’ thinking abilities through problematic issues
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Bazarbayev Bekzad , Zhylysbayeva Gulkhan
Published: January 2025

The development of critical thinking is one of the main requirements of the modern educational process. Various methods and approaches are used in educational institutions to enhance students’ thinking skills. This article focuses on identifying the achievements of students in chemistry lessons by using problem-based learning technology to foster critical thinking. The study involved 9th-grade stu-dents from the specialized boarding school named after Nurtas Ondasynov in the city of Turkestan. A total of 49 students participated, divided into experimental and control groups. During the study, the author utilized tests to determine the preliminary and subsequent knowledge levels of the students. The results of the tests were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. To fully reveal the levels of criti-cal thinking, critical thinking indicators were employed. This study aimed to identify the essence of a problem by asking students simple questions and using brainstorming techniques. The final test results demonstrated a significant improvement in students’ achievements. The levels of thinking skills were as follows: formulating conclusions – 78.14%, data collection – 70.3%, analysis and evaluation – 51.2%. These indicators highlight the students’ ability to analyze and evaluate the knowledge they have learned and retained. For other indicators, such as summarizing – 73.14%, providing evidence – 66.6%, and independent work skills – 68.57%, the results also showed significant improvement compared to the preliminary tests. The study revealed the effectiveness of organizing chemistry lessons with the correct use of a model of problem-based learning technology.
MEDICAL ENGLISH AS A LINGUA FRANCA: PATIENT EXPERIENCES AND TEACHING STRATEGIES
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Aliakbarova Aigerim , Baitleuova Laura
Published: January 2025

The present research is a mixed method study aimed at exploring the current state of the usage of English as a Lingua Franca in the Kazakhstani healthcare settings and international advancements in teaching English for medical purposes. To reach this goal we employed both quantitative (survey) and qualitative (systematic review) research methods. An anonymous self-administered survey was conduct-ed among potential English-speaking patients currently studying or residing in Kazakhstan (n = 44). It was revealed that a significant number of patients commonly visited hospitals for minor illnesses (e.g., cold, flu), routine check-ups, and obtaining medical certificates, but many of them experienced unclear communication. In the systematic review conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, 12 articles were selected for final analysis, revealing effective teaching innovations in teaching English to medical stu-dents that improve language skills and academic performance. Namely, several trends were identified across reviewed studies such as technology-enhanced learning (microblogging-based instruction, meta-verse environments, blended teaching), collaborative and peer-assisted learning (peer-feedback, involv-ing international students in peer-teaching) and various interactive and engaging methods. The findings of this study can assist Kazakhstani educators and methodologists in staying updated with teaching innovations implemented by international counterparts. This knowledge can be used to integrate effec-tive practices into English teaching syllabuses for medical students. Understanding patients’ experiences can enhance teachers’ awareness of the communication challenges faced by English-speaking patients in healthcare settings and the most common scenarios in doctor-patient communication. This awareness can facilitate teachers in tailoring their instructions to better prepare medical students for real-world communication in healthcare contexts.
ECOLOGICAL CONTENT AT THE LESSONS OF ENGLISH: SOFT AND HARD CLIL ASPECTS
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Zhaukina Saule , Dlimbetova Gaini , Solovyova Natalya , Bezhina Viktoriya
Published: January 2025

CLIL as a method has been recently viewed as a new approach to teaching science in English. While it has many types, soft CLIL for introducing ecological content in three dimensions has become the most effective based on the gained results. The research deals with the comparison of two forms of CLIL at the lessons of English (Foreign language, level 2) – soft CLIL (implicit introduction of the eco-content) as well as the hard CLIL (explicit ‘focused’ on eco-content) type in thematic, social and linguistic levels. The research investigated the 54 sophomore students’ (A. Baitursynuly Kostanay re-gional university, Kostanay, Kazakhstan) reflection on study the ecology at the lessons of English on the basis of questionnaire (3 open questions, 3 multiple choice test), GPA analysis, expert evaluation of the transformed syllabus. The outcomes of the research demonstrated the preference of the soft CLIL type to the hard one due to the insufficient level of linguistic aspect of study, low level of lexical competence of students. The further research must focus attention to the balance between soft and hard CLIL types at the lessons of English enhancing the linguistic aspect of study as well as stabilizing motivation to study ecology by students.
Features of the criterion assessment of foreign language communicative competence among students of the natural science field
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Antontseva Darya , Smanova Gaziza , Zhekebayeva Raikhan , Saidvakkasova Asliya , Balkybekova Saule
Published: January 2025

The training of future teachers of natural sciences who can teach specialized subjects in English requires new approaches to teaching a foreign language and the development of certain competencies from higher educational institutions of the Kazakhstan Republic. The purpose of this work is to create a productive rubric for evaluating foreign language communicative competence (FCC) at three levels of its development: satisfactory, optimal, and sufficient. The theoretical significance of the study contributes to the use of a descriptive heading with criteria when disclosing the main components of the FCC. The significance of the conducted research in practice consists of the proposal to use a new heading for stu-dents of non-linguistic specialties, which will increase the effectiveness of the development of the FCC and its components. The task of the study was to specify each component of foreign language communi-cative competence and to develop a rubric as a formative assessment tool. The solution of the tasks was based on general scientific methods within the framework of comparative and logical analysis, as well as the analysis and interpretation of knowledge in the field of foreign language education. A feature of the creation of the rubric was an adequate assessment of the level of FCC, consideration of pan-European requirements, and a new form of FCC control. The result of the work done can help teachers and students of pedagogical specialties to start or continue to work on the development of FCC based on determining the current level of its proficiency.
Strategi Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Sekolah di SDUM Patrol dan SDIT Al-Ishlah Sudimampir
Authors: Masduki Masduki
Published: January 2025

Kepemimpinan merupakan hal yang penting yang harus dimiliki oleh kepala sekolah. Banyak kepala sekolah yang kurang maksimal menjalankan tugas dan fungsi kepemimpinannya, sehingga menjadi kendala dalam peningkatan mutu sekolah. Kepala sekolah menjadi tolak ukur keberhasilan mutu sekolah karena kepala sekolah adalah orang yang dapat mengatur dan mempengaruhi anggota sekolah untuk menjalankan tugasnya dengan baik, maka kepala sekolah harus memiliki strategi yang baik dan tepat agar dapat meningkatkan mutu sekolah sesuai dengan standar pendidikan nasional sesuai perkembangan zaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui strategi kepemimpinan kepala sekolah SDUM Patrol dan SDIT Al-Ishlah Sudimampir dalam meningkatkan mutu sekolah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif yang bermaksud untuk memahami fenomena tentang apa yang dialami oleh subjek penelitian, seperti perilaku, persepsi, motivasi, tindakan, dan lainnya, secara holistik. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara. Teknik analisis data meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan SDUM Patrol memiliki beberapa program kebijakan mutu sekolah, yaitu 1) meningkatkan kompetensi guru melalui seminar; 2) kebijakan tata tertib; 3) kebijakan bimbingan belajar dan menghafal Al-Qur’an; 4) kebijakan bimbingan ekstrakulikuler. SDIT Al-Ishlah Sudimampir juga memiliki kebijakan mutu, yaitu: 1) peningkatan kualitas guru dan tenaga kependidikan melalui pelatihan; 2) kebijakan program tata tertib; 3) penerapan hasil metode belajar; 4) kebijakan program jam tambahan bagi siswa berkebutuhan khusus. Penerapan mutu di sekolah SDUM Patrol dan SDIT Al-Ishlah Sudimampir juga sesuai dengan Standar Nasional Pendidikan. Adapun strategi yang digunakan kepala sekolah SDUM Patrol, yaitu 1) meningkatkan kompetensi guru; (2) meningkatkan sarana dan prasarana; (3) melakukan pembinaan kerohanian kepada guru; (4) meningkatkan kesejahteraan guru; (5) menyusun program unggulan sekolah. Sedangkan strategi yang di lakukan kepala sekolah SDIT Al-Ishlah Sudimampir, yaitu 1) melengkapi sarana dan prasarana sekolah; (2) ekstrakulikuler sekolah; (3) mengikuti lomba-lomba; (5) mengadakan belajar tambahan; (6) membuat program unggulan sekolah.
Artificial intelligence as a factor revolutionizing higher education
Authors: Melnyk Yu. B. , Pypenko I. S.
Published: January 2025

Background and Aim of Study: The use of artificial intelligence and various chatbots based on it is becoming part of everyday higher education practice. The aim of the study: to explore practices and identify trends in the use of artificial intelligence-based chatbots by higher education stakeholders.
Material and Methods: The survey was conducted between January and April 2024. The total number of respondents from 57 countries was 788, of whom 363 were students and 425 were university faculty. The probability sampling method was applied. Respondents were interviewed online. The questionnaire is available on the official website of the Scientific Research Institute KRPOCH using Google Forms, as well as on social networks Facebook, LinkedIn, etc. for potential participants. In addition, a selective individual online interview was conducted with respondents. Cronbach’s alpha confirmed adequate internal consistency (α=0.837).
Results: The role of artificial intelligence-based chatbots in higher education practice was considered. The use of chatbots among higher education stakeholders (students and faculty) was studied. A model of stakeholder behaviour was developed. This model describes two ways of solving problems: with and without the use of artificial intelligence. Trends in the use of chatbots in higher education were identified: students were 26.9% more likely than faculty to use artificial intelligence-based chatbots to prepare for classes or complete assignments at their college/university; almost all students (68.0% of 68.3% who use chatbots) edited the results returned by generative chatbots at their request; students were 30.1% more likely than faculty to edit these results.
Conclusions: The new technologies of generative artificial intelligence have been the factors that have revolutionised the industry of higher education. A new “Human-AI” system has emerged that is fundamentally changing the rules for training young professionals. The study emphasizes that higher education stakeholders using chatbots should do so correctly, consider the possibilities and limitations of using this toolkit, and recognize their responsibility for the outcomes and consequences of their use.
Postural disorders in preschool children
Authors:   Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, BiH, Vranešić Hadžimehmedović Damira , Arapović Marijana , Izet Bajramovic Izet ,   Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, BiH, Covic Nedim ,   Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, BiH
Published: January 2025

The occurrence of spinal deformities during periods of rapid growth in children has been increasingly recognized as a significant issue within the broader community. This study aimed to evaluate the spinal posture during one of the most critical phases of physiological development in a specific group of preschool children. The research involved 153 preschool aged 4 to 6 years (mean age ± standard deviation: 4.6 ± 1.1 years) residing in Sarajevo. Postural assessment was conducted using the method proposed by Napoleon Wolanski (1975), which evaluates segmental relationships through the following parameters: head posture assessment (HPA), shoulder posture assessment (SPA), scapular posture assessment (SBPA), chest posture assessment (CPA), scoliotic posture evaluation (SCP), abdominal posture assessment (APA), leg posture assessment (LPA), and foot posture assessment (FPA). Deviations were categorized based on severity, assigned negative points as follows: 0 points for no deviation, 1 point for mild deviation, and 2 points for significant deviation. The associations between the eight parameters were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient (rho). The highest degree of correlation was observed between the variables of abdominal posture assessment and head posture assessment (0.536). Poor abdominal posture, often linked to weakened core muscles or imbalances in the lumbar region, can result in compensatory shifts in the head and neck to preserve balance and visual orientation.
Challenges in Physical Education Instruction through the insights of Life Orientation Teachers from Secondary schools in the Tshwane Districts of Gauteng
Authors:   University of Pretoria, Groenkloof Campus, Department of Humanities Education, George Storrar Dr &, Leyds St, Groenkloof, Pretoria, 0027, Tamsin Williams Kim
Published: January 2025

This study explored the challenges that life orientation teachers face in selected Tshwane secondary schools when interpreting and teaching physical education. With a specific focus on establishing if appointed teachers were qualified to present physical education classes, verify if the teachers attach any value to physical education, analyse the daily challenges and examine whether they could adapt in the classroom and become fully engaged in the physical education curriculum. Data was collected using a qualitative research approach where six (6) secondary schools in the three (3) Tshwane districts of Gauteng were selected with a study population of twelve (12) teachers. Interviews were conducted as a qualitative instrument to obtain the information required, and data was documented by using an audio device in which the audio was later transcribed. The content analysis method was used to analyse the data to gain a comprehensive understanding. This research is significant as the teachers' values insights endorse the issue of the study and the underlying fact that there is a lack of specialised training for the subject of Physical Education, leading to teachers lack of understanding how to teach the essential components within a physical education class to ensure holistic development of the learners. Furthermore, daily challenges outlined by teachers, such as the lack of resources, imply that it becomes the teacher's main educational task to find innovative ways and means to deal with these challenges.
Предсказание третичной структуры PARP1 методами молекулярного моделирования
Authors: Мустаев Е.А. , Хамитов Э.М.
Published: January 2025

В данной работе методами молекулярного моделирования динамически аннотирована полноразмерная третичная структура фермента поли(АДФ-рибоза)-полимеразы 1 (PARP1). Прогнозирование структуры фермента проводилось с использованием известных инструментов, опирающихся на методы машинного обучения и гомологического конструирования. Положение атомов Cα аминокислотных остатков в предсказанных структурах сравнивались с геометрическими параметрами доменов фермента, расшифрованных ранее экспериментальными методами, описанных в научной литературе и депонированных в Protein Data Bank. Результат работы позволяет обосновано выбрать подходящий инструмент прогнозирования, а также использовать геометрические параметры PARP1 для конструирования димерных форм фермента и разработки новых ингибиторов PARP1.
Identifikasi etnomatematika pada motif kain tenun Sumba Barat Daya
Authors: Kalli Yohanes Ndara , Napfiah Siti
Published: January 2025

Etnomatematika merupakan ilmu yang mempelajari keterkaitan antara matematika dengan budaya dan berfungsi untuk menjelaskan hubungan antara budaya dan matematika. Belajar matematika melalui budaya atau disebut etnomatematika memudahkan siswa untuk lebih memahami matematika karena terdapat di daerah mereka masing-masing. Budaya kain tenun Sumba Barat Daya merupakan budaya yang diwariskan dari turun temurun yang memiliki keanekaragaman motif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan konsep matematika di dalam motif kain tenun Sumba Barat Daya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa di dalam  kain tenun Sumba Barat Daya terdapat konsep matematika meliputi segitiga, simetri lipat, belah ketupat, persegi, garis horizontal, garis vertikal, dan garis sejajar. Segitiga dan simetri lipat ditemukan pada motif kain Mamoli, belah ketupat ditemukana di kain tenun suku Kodi, persegi ditemukan pada kain tenun suku Laura dan suku Wewewa, serta garis horizontal, vertical, garis sejajar ditemukan pada motif kain tenun Bintang.
LEVERAGING BLOCKCHAIN FOR GOVERNMENT AND POLICY IN INDIA: INNOVATIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
Authors: Kumar Ravinder
Published: January 2025

Blockchain technology, also known as Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), is growing across the world due to its decentralized, verifiable, and secure framework. With its huge population and complex bureaucratic structure, India presents a tremendous opportunity to use blockchain to improve the processes involved in government functioning and policymaking. Several initiatives have been taken by Indian authorities with the aim of improving public management through the use of blockchain. Most of these efforts have been made in the management of land registry. India suffers from several ill practices and one of these is the culture of inefficiency, corrupt practices, and fraud, which creates legal problems and lack of trust from the community. Frauds and disputes are bound to be reduced due to the use of blockchain to create tamper-free records. The effectiveness of land registry processes aided by blockchain technology was demonstrated in pilot projects in states like Andhra Pradesh and Telangana and has therefore been recommended for wider use across the country.The impact of blockchain on supply chain management, especially in the Public Distribution System (PDS), is another important area. The PDS, aimed at providing subsidised essential commodities to the poor, is often plagued with inefficiencies and corruption. Blockchain enhances traceability and accountability, ensuring that subsidies reach the intended beneficiaries without any diversion. This transparency can increase public trust and improve the effectiveness of the PDS. In electoral processes, blockchain can address fraud and increase voter confidence. Applying blockchain to voter registration and electronic voting can create a secure, transparent and verifiable system, reducing malpractice and potentially increasing voter turnout by making voting more accessible.Public health is another area where blockchain can play a transformative role. The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the need for efficient, secure health data management. Blockchain can create a decentralized health information system, which ensures data integrity, enhances patient privacy and facilitates seamless data sharing among healthcare providers.Despite its potential, the adoption of blockchain in Indian governance faces challenges. Technological, regulatory and infrastructural barriers, digital literacy gaps, data privacy concerns and the need for robust cybersecurity measures must be addressed. A supportive legal and regulatory framework is critical for sustainable integration. Blockchain technology offers transformational potential for Indian government operations by enhancing transparency, security and efficiency. Coordinated efforts of policymakers, technologists and stakeholders are necessary to overcome challenges and create a conducive environment for blockchain adoption.
STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF FAMILY ENVIRONMENT ON THE EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT OF SECONDARY LEVEL STUDENTS
Authors: Prachi  , Singh Manu
Published: January 2025

The present study is a study of the effect of family environment on the educational achievement of secondary level students. In this study, a comparative study of the educational achievement of students with high, medium and low family environment has been done. In the present study, survey method has been used under descriptive research. The students studying in secondary schools located in the urban area of ​​Mathura district have been considered as the population. The secondary schools have been selected by objective method, after which 100 boys and 100 girls studying in it, i.e. a total of 200 students have been selected by stratified random method. As a tool, the Family Environment Schedule prepared by K.S. Mishra and the marks obtained by the students in the Class 10 examination have been kept as educational achievement. For the analysis of the data, the variance method (ANOVA) and the t-ratio statistical method have been used. In the conclusion of the present study, it was found that the family environment has an effect on the educational achievement of the secondary level students, that is, the educational achievement of the students with high, middle and low family environment is different from each other.