bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fusarium oxysporum Silver Nanoparticles; their Characterization and Larvicidal Activity against Aedes Mosquitoes
Authors: Sumera Nyla Shafqat
Published: August 2021

Fusarium oxysporum is an entomopathogenic fungus, and it has anti-biological activity against larvae of mosquitoes. Aedes mosquitoes are responsible for transmitting different diseases in humans. The use of chemical insecticides against mosquitoes is not eco-friendly option and results in the development of insecticidal resistance in mosquitoes. We investigated a biological control activity against these mosquitoes. In the present study, we cultured a local isolate of F. oxysporum from soil samples collected from Lahore, Pakistan and were initially identified based on its morphology and then confirmed through PCR. A product of 339 bp was amplified from the ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) gene of the fungus and sequenced afterwards. The sequence was in clad with Fusarium, which was isolated from a mosquito's body in the phylogenetic analysis. Local F. oxysporum was cultured and silver NPs (nanoparticles) were prepared. UV-Vis analysis depicted a broad peak at 420 nm wavelength and a narrow height at 310 nm. X-ray diffraction patterns of NPs indicated the existence of sharp diffraction peaks at 2θ angles of 32.19°, 45.55° and 64.27° that can be indexed to the (101), (200) and (220) facets of silver, which agree with the values reported for fcc lattice of silver NPs in International Center for Diffraction Data (ICDD). The SEM (scanning electron microscope) micrograph showed well-defined spherical NPs, which were smooth, isotropic, poly-dispersed, and ranging from 10 nm to 200 nm. The Zeta potential (ZP) measurements and poly-disparity index of 0.16 by DLS revealed a low variability of particle size and exhibited good physiochemical stability of biosynthesized AgNPs. In the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum of biosynthesized AgNPs, strong bands were analyzed at 3280 cm-1 and 1635 cm-1. F. oxysporum NPs enhanced the anti-biological activity by killing Aedes larvae 7 h earlier than F. oxysporum without NPs. Biological control using entomopathogenic fungi can be the best alternative of the chemical method to control the mosquito population. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
Transient Expression of Chi42 Genes from Trichoderma asperellum in Nicotiana benthamiana by Agroinfiltration
Authors: Duc Tien Nguyen Quang
Published: August 2021

The present study reports the transient expression of chi42 genes encoding 42 kDa chitinase from T. asperellum SH16 in N. benthamiana via agroinfiltration. The efficacy of agroinfiltration for chi42 genes including a wild-type gene (Chi42) and two synthetic genes (syncodChi42-1 and syncodChi42-2) was determined. Accordingly, coinfiltration of two vectors pMYV719 carrying one of three genes chi42 and pMYV508 carrying gene p19 expedited the higher expression of recombinant enzymes whose genes were optimized for codon usage in plant tissues. The highest chitinolytic activity of about 290 U/mL was found in plants containing the gene syncodChi42-2 after 7 days of injection, 1.7 and 2.6 times higher than that of genes syncodChi42-1 and chi42. Recombinant chitinase has also exhibited activity against the pathogenic fungus Sclerotium rolfsii under in vitro condition. A higher expression level of syncodChi42-2 gene in N. benthamiana and its antifungal activity promise potential applications in the field of transgenic crops against phytopathogenic fungi. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
Enhancement of Cellulose Rich Organic Matter Degradation by Inoculation with Streptomyces sp. Strains
Authors: Djuri Simonida
Published: August 2021

Microbial degradation of organic matter is a vital part of carbon cycle in nature. Actinobacteria play an important role in the decomposition of cellulose rich organic matter (CROM). Streptomyces spp. are abundant in soil, produce various secondary metabolites and secrete extracellular enzymes. The aim of this research was to isolate and select Streptomyces strains with the best cellulose degradation abilities. Out of total 32 actinobacteria isolates, four Streptomyces strains (CA1, CA10, PA2 and PA7) were subjected to morphological, physiological, biochemical characterization and molecular identification. CROM degradation potential of the strains was investigated on straw and beech briquettes as well as on legume based substrate in in vitro condition. Streptomyces strains CA1 and CA10 showed the best cellulose production and starch hydrolysis abilities, followed by strains PA2 and PA7. Strain CA1 was also positive to production of pectinase enzymes. Streptomyces zaomyceticus CA1 and S. tanashiensis CA10 were used as inoculants, which degraded the raw cellulose from 38.38 to 81.69% in the investigated substrates (straw, beech, legume), during a 30-day incubation experiment. CROM inoculation with the selected Streptomyces strains improved and accelerated its degradation in controlled conditions. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
Evaluation of Antagonistic Bacillus and Biochar against Soybean Root Rot Caused by Fusarium oxysporum
Authors: Yang Fan
Published: August 2021

Soybean root rot is a worldwide soil-borne fungal disease threatening soybean production, causing huge losses in yield and quality of soybean. Fusarium species are well recognized as the important causal agent of Fusarium root rot. To screen the beneficial Bacillus strains with capability of suppressing soybean root rot and evaluate the impact of Bacillus combined with biochar against soybean root rot, a pot experiment was conducted with different treatments. In this study, as potential biological control measures, antagonistic Bacillus isolates and different types of biochar were added to soil separately and excellent antagonistic strains mixed with bamboo biochar were applied to the soil. The results showed that seven Bacillus strains promoted the growth of soybean seedlings and reduced root rot severity by 33 to 61%. Bacillus amylolique faciens NH2 was associated with the lowest incidence of soybean root rot, indicating its bio-control potential. The value of plant height, root length and plant dry weight of soybean in the sterilized soil mixed with biochar separately treatment were superior to those of soybean in the inoculated with pathogen treatment, especially the bamboo biochar treatment reduced soybean root rot caused by Fusarium significantly and which bio-control efficacy was 77.41%. The soybean plants shoot and root dry weights in the biochar mixed B. amylolique faciens NH2 or B. subtilis DBK treatments were increased by17.1, 10.7% and 19.51, 19.64%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the inoculated pathogen treatment. Compared to antagonistic strain or biochar individual treatments, the disease control efficiency on soybean root rot was up to 64.86% in NH2 strain mixed with bamboo biochar treatment, which reduced root rot severity significantly and showed a synergistic effect. These results suggest that antagonistic Bacillus strains mixed with biochar can be used as an effective alternative in managing soybean root rot. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
Sources and Doses of Nitrogen Associated with Inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense Modulate Growth and Gas Exchange of Corn in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Palheta Juscelino Gonçalves
Published: August 2021

The specific objective of the study was to evaluate effect of inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and nitrogen (N) doses on vegetative growth and gas exchange in Zea mays L. The experimental design adopted was the completely randomized, in a 4 2 2 factorial scheme, in the following way: four doses of N (0 60 120 and 180 kg ha-1 of N), two sources of N (common urea and urease inhibitor-treated urea) and absence and presence of inoculation with A. brasilense, with four replications. The evaluations were made for vegetative growth of the plant (plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, number of leaves, dry mass of stem, root, leaves and aerial part and total dry mass) and photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, internal carbon, relationship between internal and external carbon and content of chloroplast pigments. The application of N provided an improvement in plant growth, and, in general, the dose of 180 kg ha-1 N associated with A. brasilense, promoted an increase in stem diameter, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and internal carbon ratio of the corn. The treatment with urease inhibitor, greatly promoted the stem diameter, transpiration, Ci/Ca ratio and chlorophyll (Chl) a, b, total compared to urea treatment. The inoculation of the corn seeds with the bacteria and the use of N fertilization, regardless of the source, promoted an improvement in the vegetative growth of the hybrid, improving the vegetative growth and the physiological responses of corn when applied to the highest dose of 180 kg/ha N. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
Face Images Classification using VGG-CNN
Authors: Astawa I Nyoman Gede Arya , Radhitya Made Leo , Ardana I Wayan Raka , Dwiyanto Felix Andika
Published: August 2021

Image classification is a fundamental problem in computer vision. In facial recognition, image classification can speed up the training process and also significantly improve accuracy. The use of deep learning methods in facial recognition has been commonly used. One of them is the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method which has high accuracy. Furthermore, this study aims to combine CNN for facial recognition and VGG for the classification process. The process begins by input the face image. Then, the preprocessor feature extractor method is used for transfer learning. This study uses a VGG-face model as an optimization model of transfer learning with a pre-trained model architecture. Specifically, the features extracted from an image can be numeric vectors. The model will use this vector to describe specific features in an image.  The face image is divided into two, 17% of data test and 83% of data train. The result shows that the value of accuracy validation (val_accuracy), loss, and loss validation (val_loss) are excellent. However, the best training results are images produced from digital cameras with modified classifications. Val_accuracy's result of val_accuracy is very high (99.84%), not too far from the accuracy value (94.69%). Those slight differences indicate an excellent model, since if the difference is too much will causes underfit. Other than that, if the accuracy value is higher than the accuracy validation value, then it will cause an overfit. Likewise, in the loss and val_loss, the two values are val_loss (0.69%) and loss value (10.41%).
Echocardiographic Diagnostics of Heart Tumors
Authors: Domnitskaya T. M. , Sakhno Yu. F. , Sedov V. P. , Savina N. M.
Published: August 2021

The article focuses on ultrasound diagnosis of cardiac tumors (CT). In recent time, the frequency of detecting cardiac neoplasm has been growing. Correct diagnosis at an early stage of the process would allow timely treatment. Before the introduction of two-dimensional echocardiography (EchoCG), life-time diagnosis of CT was very rare. This article describes major echocardiographic criteria for most common benign, malignant, and metastatic CTs. The article is illustrated with original echocardiographic images.
Exploring the Relationship Between Different Smartphone Reading Annotation Strategies and Students’ Comprehension
Authors: Comstock Brandon J.
Published: August 2021

This study explores the relationship between different smartphone reading annotation strategies and students’ comprehension. Subjects in the study are 139 teenage students enrolled in a religion class in the Southwestern United States. Each of the participants utilized a digital reading app on their personal smartphone to read an 842-word religious text. Subjects were encouraged to look for, highlight, or tag passages in the text that they felt were important to understanding the meaning of the text. After completing the reading, participants completed a multiple-choice quiz with both factual and inferential questions and wrote a short essay on how they felt the text could be used to resolve an issue in their personal life. The researcher analyzed the data by comparing the frequency of tags and highlights each subject created with their assessment scores. Results showed that higher highlighting frequency was related to higher factual comprehension scores but not higher inferential comprehension scores. In contrast, higher tagging frequency was related to higher inferential comprehension scores but not higher factual comprehension scores. In each case, the higher annotation frequency was only related to higher assessment scores when the subject created an above-average number of tags or highlights. The study suggests that different annotation methods are related to different comprehension outcomes.
Systemic manifestations and treatment algorithm of food allergy
Authors: Akeel Amal Saleh , Aljawi Mohammed Abdulaziz , Mutaki Ibrahiem Fahad , Maashi Afnan Mousa , Almohaizey Fahad Abdullah , Alnasser Ammar Abdulrahman , Nazer Abdulaziz Turki , AlQattan Mohamed Jasim , Alodayani Nasser Abdulrahman , Almunqedhi May Hefdhallah , Alshahrani Rahaf Abdulsalam
Published: August 2021

Food allergy or hypersensitivity can be defined as the presence of an observable immune secondary reaction to the administration of certain proteins that are present within the ingested foods. It has been previously estimated that around 2-10% of the general population suffer from IgE-mediated food allergy. Furthermore, identification of the manifestations is a key point to achieve appropriate evaluation and management of this condition. In this literature review, we aim to discuss the systemic manifestations and treatment algorithm for patients who suffer from a food allergy, according to the current evidence from studies in the literature. Gastrointestinal and skin-related manifestations have been reported to be the most common symptom. However, respiratory tract symptoms are also common and might severely deteriorate the affected patients. The development of severe anaphylaxis is also life-threatening with multiple organ affection. The appropriate management of food hypersensitivity is mainly based on the proper intervention from exposure to the related allergens. In addition, another appropriate management is early sensitization during the first few months of infancy to manage the symptoms of affected patients. Additionally, it should also be noted that most children usually develop tolerance, and the reported allergy to certain types of foods during childhood usually fades away by the age from 8 to12 years old and also during the period of adolescence. Future studies are needed to develop adequate management modalities with favorable safety and efficacy outcomes.
Noticias del BID: Vol. 1, no. 4, mayo 1974
Authors:   Inter-American Development Bank
Published: August 2021

Noticias del BID, publicación mensual que tiene por objetivo informar acerca de las actividades del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo.
Noticias del BID: Vol. 1, no. 6, julio 1974
Authors:   Inter-American Development Bank
Published: August 2021

Noticias del BID, publicación mensual que tiene por objetivo informar acerca de las actividades del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo.
Understanding the East–2021. Chronicle of the Third Online Conference of Young Scholars
Authors: Lukyanov Grigoriy V.
Published: August 2021

The publication provides an overview of the main results of the 3rd (Online) Conference of Young Scholars Understanding the East held in Zoom on April 22–23, 2021. Conducted since 2019, academic and practical conferences of young scholars try to form a new tradition of multidisciplinary meetings of young researchers of the East. This year’s forum was the second online conference of such scope, held jointly by the Institute of Oriental Studies, RAS (IOS RAS), and the Department of Oriental Studies of the State Academic University for the Humanities (GAUGN). Such conventions of young Oriental scholars have already become traditional venue for discussions and talks by juvenile academics starting their journey in research from various scholarly and educational centers throughout Russia. 44 talks were delivered at the Conference — young researchers of Asia and Africa held several panels, led by venerable orientalists, joining the via Zoom.
Modest Worker of Russian Sinology: Remembering Vadim L’vovich Sichev
Authors: Pistsov Konstantin M.
Published: August 2021

The author recalls the outstanding Russian sinologist Vadim L’vovich Sichev (1940–2019): He narrates the scientist’s biography and names his main academic works. Vadim L. Sichev was born in the family of famous soviet artist Lev P. Sichev. After graduation from the Institute of Asian and African Countries at Lomonosov Moscow State University, he worked in the State Museum of Oriental Art for a long time. The main areas of his scientific research were the study of Chinese costume and Chinese classical painting. Vadim L. Sichev has published a large number of books and academic articles. The most famous works of the scholar are “Chinese Costume: Symbolism, History, Interpretation in Literature and Art” (1975, co-written with his farther Lev P. Sichev), “Chinese Classical Paintings in the Collection of State Museum of Oriental Art” (2016), “Modern Chinese Prints in the Collection of State Museum of Oriental Art” (2016). The article contains reflections about the creative method and research principles of Vadim L. Sichev.
Multi-response optimization of EDM drilling parameters of the Nitinol SMA
Authors: Sahoo Amiya Kumar , Pandey Praneet , Mishra Dhananjay R.
Published: August 2021

The demand for Nitinol (SMA) is increasing rapidly for various applications. With the aim of optimum control parameters of EDM, 46 experiments completed on six specimens of 6.156 mm thickness using Sparkonix EDM drill machine. Current (I), voltage (V), charging-time (TON), discharging-time (TOFF), and dielectric pressure (DP) were taken as input control parameters. Single-indexed optimization of material removal rate (MRR), tool-wear rate (TWR), and degree of tapperness (DoT) are evaluated using gray relational grade (GRG). Individual control-parameter contributions are evaluated using Taguchi and ANOVA. The obtained optimal input control parameters were used for the confirmation experiment, and the obtained result gives good agreement to it. V and TON are found as the most significant parameters. Maximum and minimum values of MRR, TWR, and DoT have been recorded as 0.0277 & 0.0074 g/min, 0.0177 & 0.0033 g/min, and 0.032 & 0.01 radians respectively. MRR, TWR, and DoT improved by 49.1, 4.5, and 43.3 %, respectively.
La implementación de las recomendaciones de la auditoría del Sistema Nacional de Control y la gestión de los gobiernos locales de Lima Metropolitana, periodo 2015-2020
Authors: Mogrovejo Espinoza Martín Edmundo
Published: August 2021

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo general determinar en qué medida el incumplimiento de la implementación de las recomendaciones de la auditoría del Sistema Nacional de Control (SNC) afecta la gestión de los gobiernos locales de Lima Metropolitana en el periodo 2015-2020. El tipo de estudio es básico; el nivel de la investigación es descriptivo-explicativo, y el diseño es no experimental, de corte transversal, transeccional y correlacional-causal. La población de estudio está dada por las 43 municipalidades distritales de la provincia de Lima y el tamaño de la muestra corresponde a 12 municipalidades distritales. Las técnicas para la recopilación de datos fueron el análisis documental y la entrevista, mientras que el instrumento fue el cuestionario. Sobre la base de los resultados obtenidos, la variable implementación de las recomendaciones de la auditoría orientadas a mejorar la gestión de la entidad alcanzaron una tendencia media de aceptación en la gestión de las municipalidades en cuanto a la capacidad del manejo de los recursos, eficiencia y procedimientos. Por otro lado, en la variable gestión de los gobiernos locales, la eficiencia ha sido considerada medianamente aceptable. Así, se garantiza parcialmente el cumplimiento de tareas, la productividad y el consumo de materiales. Entre las conclusiones, se resalta la eficiencia por el cumplimiento regular de las tareas de los gobiernos locales; además, estas han sido valoradas de forma regular, principalmente, por la poca adecuación a las recomendaciones señaladas por el SNC.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Vargas Sandra Milena Zambrano
Published: August 2021

La Revista Inquietud Empresarial es un espacio de divulgación semestralperteneciente a la escuela de Administración de Empresas de la UniversidadPedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, sede Tunja, cuyo contenido va dirigido a la comunidad científica y académica nacional e internacional de las áreas administrativas, económicas y contables.
El Administrador de Empresas y la Responsabilidad Tributaria para el Año 2012
Authors: Galán Milton Orlando Burbano
Published: August 2021

El presente artículo obedece a las obligaciones tributarias como aportantes en Colombia, puesto que es deber de los ciudadanos contribuir con los ingresos, lo consagra la constitución política de Colombia como fuente formal de los tributos. En momentos como el actual que no solo el Estado busca tener mayores fuentes a través de los impuestos, las personas naturales o jurídicas se ven en la necesidadde ser más productivos, competitivos y permanecer en sus actividades precisamente para poder desarrollarse, crecer, generar empleo y crecimiento económico. Es precisamente por estos motivos que los profesionales de la Administración no deben dejar de lado el conocimiento en la parte tributaria y cómo se obliga a estar actualizado permanentemente en temas tan importantes como es la parte fiscal. Por lo tanto en el proceso de formación como Administradores de Empresas es importante no olvidar, que no solo en las aulas, debemos responsabilizarnos de este tema sino que a través de la vida laboral como dependiente o independiente siempre habrá un hecho generador de la obligación.PALABRAS CLAVE: Obligación tributaria, hecho generador, contribuyente, impuestos, control fiscal, requerimientos.ABSTRACTThis article reflects the tax obligations as contributors in Colombia since it is the duty of citizens to contribute to income, enshrined in the constitution of Colombia as a formal source of taxes. In times like this that not only the State seeks to have greater sources through taxes, natural or legal persons are in the need to be more productive, competitive and remain in their activities precisely to develop,grow, create jobs and economic growth. It is precisely for these reasons that the Administration professionals should not ignore the knowledge and how the tax part agrees to be permanently updated is as important as the fiscal side issues. So in the process of training as business administrators is important to remember that not only in the classroom, must take responsibility for this issue but through working life as a dependent or independent generator will always be a fact of the obligation. KEY WORDSTax liability, the operative event, taxpayer, tax, fiscal control requirements.
Formato de Suscripción
Authors: Empresarial Inquietud
Published: August 2021

REVISTA INQUIETUD EMPRESARIALUNIVERSIDAD PEDAGÓGICA Y TECNOLÓGICA DE COLOMBIA - SEDE TUNJAA.A. 1094, Fax (098) 7405626ESCUELA DE ADMINISTRACIÓN DE EMPRESAS, EDIFICIO CENTRAL, OFICINAC- 343Teléfono (098) 7405626 Ext. 2510 – (098) 7434853 Ext. 2511inquietud.empresarial@up
Editorial
Authors: Pinéda Marlén Suárez
Published: August 2021

El compromiso de la universidad con la sociedad es creciente en relación con la apropiación social del conocimiento, ampliando las dinámicas de producción del mismo, más allá de las sinergias entre el Estado, el sector productivo y la academia, para involucrar a la sociedad civil que debe empoderarse y legitimar las innovaciones que se derivan.
La Universidad Guadalajara y la igualdad de género. Propuesta
Authors: Torres Berta Ermila Madrigal , Torres Rosalba Madrigal , Espinosa Elia Marún
Published: August 2021

Ante el reto que establece la visión de sustentabilidad de La Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (UNESCO) y la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) es elemental que cada miembro de la sociedad respete a los demás, el rol de la universidad es importante en la formación y transmisión del conocimiento con una filosofía de equidad de género. Este trabajotrata sobre el papel que desempeñan las universidades ante el compromiso de la sociedad de conformar una cultura de equidad de género. A partir de la publicación de la Ley general para la igualdad entre mujeres y hombres, en diferentes países, nos hemos planteado las preguntas de investigación ¿Qué ha pasado desde la aprobación de la mencionada Ley?, ¿qué políticas han implementado lasUniversidades?, ¿cuál es el compromiso de la Universidad? Los hallazgos, se realizó una investigación documental de lo que están haciendo algunas universidades en España, Latinoamérica y México. Desde hace más de dos décadas de las políticas internacionales en pro de la igualdad entre hombres y mujeres, no se ha logrado instaurar una política de equidad de género en las estructuras organizacionalesuniversitarias.PALABRAS CLAVEIgualdad de género, equidad de género, universidad, propuesta ABTRACTFaced with the challenge of establishing sustainability vision of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the International Labour Organization (ILO) is elementary that every member of society respects others, the role of the university is important in the formation and transmission of knowledge with a philosophy of gender equity. This paper deals with the role of universities to society is commitment to shape a culture of gender equality. Since the publication of the General Act on equality between women and men, in different countries, we have considered the research questions What happened since the adoption of the Law?, ¿what universities have implemented policies?, ¿what is the commitment of the University? The findings, documentary research was carried what they are doing someuniversities in Spain, Latin America and Mexico. For more than two decades of international policies towards equality between men and women, has not succeeded in establishing a policy of gender equity in university organizational structures.KEY WORDSGender equality, gender equity, university, proposed
Competitividad sistémica en el sector agrícola: Una aproximación al concepto.
Authors: Medina Germán Andrés Monroy , Pinéda Marlén Suárez , López Yemina Paola
Published: August 2021

La competitividad Sistémica define un patrón en el cual el Estado y diferentes actores de la sociedad civil crean de forma deliberada condiciones para un desarrollo industrial exitoso, abordando la capacidad de los sectores industriales para insertarse en un mercado ligado al fenómeno de la globalización. Su origen histórico, envuelto en procesos de crisis económicas, ante las cuales surge como herramienta, no es ajeno a las realidades de los sectores productivos agrícolasinmersos en las difíciles condiciones del mundo rural, el cual ha sido igual o incluso más fuertemente golpeado, por concepciones erróneas que creían que en la estabilidad del entorno macroeconómico brindada por un Estado, y la eficiencia alcanzada por unidad productiva en el nivel micro, radicaba la posibilidad de ser competitivos, desconociendo de facto la importancia de redes, normas y confianza institucional, así como de condiciones óptimas para la toma y ejecución de estrategias favorables, abordables desde el nivel Meta y Meso de la Competitividad Sistémica. Este documento en su primera parte contextualiza el vínculo entre la globalización y la competitividad, posteriormente plantea el concepto de la Competitividad Sistémicapara finalmente desarrollarlo desde una perspectiva histórica y metodológica que demuestra su validez como herramienta de análisis en el sector agrícola.PALABRAS CLAVECompetitividad, Sistémico, Agricultura, Globalización, Desarrollo rural. ABSTRACTThe systemic competitiveness defines a model in which the State and the civil society actors create a deliberated way conditions for a successful industrial development, boarding the capacity of the industrial sectors to inserting themselves in a trade joined to the globalization phenomenon. Its historic origin, involved in critical economic processes, in consequence appearing as a tool. It has nothing to do with the realities of the agricultural sectors immersed in the hard conditions of the rural world, which has been equal or harder hit, by wrong conceptions that believed in the stability of the macroeconomic environment, offered by a state, and the efficiency reached by productive unit in the micro level, supported the possibility of being competitive, unknowing of course the importance of nets roles an institutional confidence, as well as the optimal conditions for taking and execution of optimalstrategies, reached from the level meta and meso of the systemic competitiveness. This article in the first part contextualizes the link between globalization and competitiveness, then proposes the concept of Systemic Competitiveness to finally develop a historical and methodological perspective which demonstrates its validity as an analytical tool in the agricultural sector. KEYWORDSSystemic Competitiveness, Agricultural, Globalization, rural development
Efectos de la reforma tributaria 1607 del 2012 en el sector ganadero de Villavicencio.
Authors: Cortes Fernando Baquero , Herrera Franzury Reyes , Rojas Juan Diego Suarez
Published: August 2021

La presente investigación se realizó con el objetivo de analizar los cambios presentados en el sector ganadero de Villavicencio como resultado de la implementación de la reforma tributaria Ley 1607 de 2012. Uno de los principales cambios consiste en que el Artículo 477 del estatuto tributario los animales vivos de la especie bovina salvo los toros de lidia, son clasificados como bienes exentos. Esto representa una serie de obligaciones conforme a las prescripciones legalesentre las que se cuentan llevar contabilidad para efectos fiscales, lo cual implica nuevas responsabilidades para los ganaderos como solicitar y expedir facturas, inscribirse en el Registro Único Tributario, así como presentar la declaración de Impuesto al Valor Agregado IVA firmada por un contador público La metodología utilizada es de tipo descriptivo y explicativo, con la aplicación de una encuesta, tomando como tamaño de la muestra 81 ganaderos del municipio de Villavicencio. La investigación permite concluir que existe abstención por parte delos ganaderos para asumir las obligaciones tributarias, pues cerca del 50% de los ganaderos pertenecientes al régimen común no han solicitado devoluciones y cerca del 30% no están inscritas en el RUT, evidenciándose la falta de acogida a la nueva normatividad.PALABRAS CLAVEGanadería, sector ganadero, impuesto, régimen simplificado, régimen comúnABSTRACTThis research was conducted to analyze the changes presented in the livestock sector in Villavicencio as a result of the implementation of the 1607 Tax Reform Act of 2012. One of the main changes is that Article 477 of the tax status of live animals bovine except bulls are classified as exempt. This represents a number of obligations in accordance with legal requirements among which are counted out accounting for tax purposes, which means new responsibilities for farmers, as requesting andissuing bills, enroll in the Single Tax Registration and filing of Value Added Tax VAT signed by a public accountant. The methodology used is descriptive and explanatory type, with the application of a survey, on the sample size of 81 farmers in the municipality Villavicencio. Theinvestigation leads to the conclusion that there abstention by farmers to take tax obligations because about 50% of farmers within the common system have not asked returns and about 30% are not enrolled in the RUT, demonstrating the lack of welcome to the new regulations.KEYWORDSLivestock, livestock sector, tax, simplified scheme, common system
Conocimiento del mercado de valores en las medianas y grandes empresas del departamento de Boyacá: diagnóstico y propuesta estratégica
Authors: Fonseca Cifuentes Gina Paola , Castaño Buitrago Lady Johanna
Published: August 2021

El presente estudio es abordado desde la perspectiva analítica y estratégica en el área de las finanzas empresariales, buscando determinar el nivel de información acerca del mercado de valores con el que cuentan los directivos de las medianas y grandes empresas del departamento de Boyacá, debido al evidenciado rezago en lo que respecta a la apropiación por parte del empresariado Boyacense de los temasde toma de decisiones financieras, y en consecuencia en lo concerniente al sistema financiero específicamente el mercado de valores, con base en esto se pretende establecer panoramas que brinden herramientas de diagnóstico para la formulación de planes estratégicos tendientes al aprovechamiento de las oportunidades y ventajas que en términos financieros les brinda el mercado de valores a las diferentesorganizaciones.  ABSTRACTThe present study is approached from the analytical and strategic perspective in the area of corporate finance, seeking to determine the level of information about the market in that count managers of medium and large enterprises in Boyacá department due to evident lag with regard to the appropriation by the Boyacense entrepreneurship issues of financial decision making, and therefore specifically withregard to the stock market financial system, based on this set panoramas basis to provide diagnostic tools for formulation aimed at exploiting the opportunities and benefits financially gives the stock market to different organizations strategic plans.KEYWORDSStock market, investment, financing, information, strategy, medium and large companies
Gestión de la innovación en pequeñas empresas. Un estudio exploratorio en Querétaro
Authors: Mejía López Damaris Yunuen
Published: August 2021

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo el Identificar cómo se gestiona la innovación en las pequeñas empresas seleccionadas ubicadas en el Estado de Querétaro, lo anterior, debido a que en el mundo empresarial actual, esto representa una condición indispensable no solo para sobrevivir, sino, para crecer y consolidarse en un mercado cada día más exigente, en este sentido, el problema deinvestigación se enuncia como ¿Es factible identificar cómo se gestiona la innovación en las unidades de estudio seleccionadas? Para encontrar respuesta a ello se realizó una investigación de tipo transversal, exploratoria (ya que lo importante es obtener información en un tema que hasta donde el autor conoce no hay antecedentes del mismo) seleccionando 20 empresas ubicadas en Querétaro y empleando uninstrumento realizado con método Thurstone, siendo una investigación de tipo transversal la cual reporta datos significativos tales como que solo el 5% de las empresas encuestadas tiene procesos consolidados y estructurados para la gestión de la innovación tecnológica y en gran medida, estos procesos se ven impulsados por solicitud de sus clientes, quienes en su mayoría son empresas consideradas como grandes.ABSTRACTThis research aims to identify how innovation is managed in selected small businesses in the state of Queretaro, above, because in today’s business world, this is a necessary condition not only to survive but to grow and establish itself in a market increasingly demanding, in this sense, the research question is stated as is it possible to identify how innovation is managed in units of study selected? To findanswers to this  research cross, exploratory approach was performed (as what is important is to obtain information on a topic to where the author knows no history of it) by selecting 20 companies located in Queretaro and using an instrument made with method Thurstone, being a cross-sectional research which reports significant data such as that only 5% of the surveyed companies have consolidatedand stru ctured processes for managing technological innovation and largely, these processes are driven by demand for its customers, who are mostly large companies considered.KEYWORDSInnovation Management, Innovative Company, Opting for innovation, Recognize as operating, Valuing innovation
Los valores en educación para el desarrollo
Authors: Zamora Mendoza Juan Manuel , Medina Romero Miguel Ángel , OnÉtambalako Wetshokonda Jean Cadet Odimba
Published: August 2021

Referenciar a la dimensión axiológica de la educación como estrategia de desarrollo significa explicitar qué sistema valorativo se asume. Es importante poner el centro en la dimensión axiológica por varias razones: primero, porque toda persona sea buena o mala y antes de serlo es forzosamente moral, por ser inteligente y libre. Moral, como estructura porque tiene que justificar su vida, en su totalidad y, actopor acto, en cada una de sus partes, como contenido, porque el ser humano es libre y tiene que elegir cuál va a ser su bien, de realizarlo en el mundo y de apropiárselo personalmente. No existe el hombre biológico, desnudo de cultura, de valores, estamos llamados a recorrer ese camino, a cuestionarnos lo que nos rodea, a valorar y actuar en consecuencia. Segundo, porque tanto en el ámbito de la educación como en el del desarrollo, se refleja el carácter moral del ser humano. En educación,la condición moral se manifiesta en la actuación profesional, en los contenidos educativos, en cualquier actuación profesoral estamos filtrando y proyectando una determinada concepción de la persona, promoviendo unos determinados valores, por lo mismo, no podemos renunciar a nuestra condición de humanos que viven y actúan desde unos valoresABSTRACTReferencing the axiological dimension of education as a development strategy means explain what value system we take. It is important to put the center in the axiological dimension for several reasons: first, because every person is good or bad and before is necessarily be moral, to be intelligent and free. Moral like structure that has to justify his life in its entirety and, act by act, in each of its parts, as content, because human beings are free and have to choose what will be your good, do it in the world and appropriate it personally. There is no biological man, naked from the culture, values , are called to follow that path, to question what is around us, to value and act accordingly. Second, both in education and in the development of the moral nature of man is reflected. In education, the moral condition is manifested in the performance, in school curricula, at any professorial performance we arefiltering and projecting a certain conception of the person promoting certain values , therefore, we cannot give up our humanity to live and act from values .KEYWORDSValues , education, person, strategy, development.
Preliminares
Authors: Empresarial Inquietud
Published: August 2021

Publicación semestral de la Escuela de Administración de Empresas de la UPTC-Tunja, dirigido a la comunidad científica en las ciencias administrativas, contables y económicas.
Editorial
Authors: UPTC Administrador Portal de Revistas
Published: August 2021

El turismo y las actitudesColombia ha presentado una evolución favorable en materia de turismo receptivo. Según cifras del Ministerio de Comercio, Industria y Turismo en 2011 recibió 2.357.729 de viajeros no residentes, en 2012 se registró el ingreso de 2.429.075, en 2013 la cifra ascendió a 2.594.697 y en 2014 reportó la suma de 2.879.543 extranjeros. Del total de visitantes, el mismo organismo concluye que los principales destinos son Bogotá cuyo promedio de visitas en los últimos 3 años es de 51,6%, le siguen Cartagena 13% y Medellín con 10.56% en el mismo periodo.
Editorial
Authors: Jiménez Contreras Erwin José
Published: August 2021

La revista Inquietud Empresarial es una publicación científica semestral editada por la Escuela de Administración de Empresas de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, sede Tunja. Está dirigida a investigadores en el campo de las Ciencias Administrativas, Contables, Económicas y profesionales interesados en áreas asociadas con la realidad económica, política, socio-cultural y empresarial.
Editorial
Authors: Blanco Mesa Fabio Raúl
Published: August 2021

La libre empresa como condición de desarrollo de la sociedad, en esta época de globalización, hace que sea de vital importancia su implementación y sobre todo en la academia. El emprenderismo y la creación de nuevas empresas y productos que la sociedad moderna demanda, hace que el mundo empresarial tenga que revaluar sus parámetros y políticas, para así involucrarse en el nuevo mundo tecnológico tanto en la oferta como en la demanda de sus productos o servicios...
Valoración del aprovechamiento de las ventajas de la alianza del pacífico por parte de las Pymes del Noroeste de México
Authors: Becerra-Perez Luis Armando , Sánchez-Meléndez Eduardo Pabel
Published: August 2021

Existen ventajas para las empresas y los ciudadanos en los tratados comerciales signados entre países. Dependiendo del grado de internacionalización de las empresas y del esfuerzo de promoción de los gobiernos, esas ventajas pueden ser más o menos aprovechadas. Este articulo analiza el proceso de internacionalización de una empresa, que en el marco de la Alianza del Pacifico (AP) inició exportaciones hacia los países firmantes del acuerdo, y presenta los resultados de una encuesta aplicada en el noroeste de México. La evidencia encontrada muestra que el proceso de internacionalización de las Pymes es gradual, creciente, requiere recursos, apoyos, conocimiento, y consiste en etapas, para lo cual la empresa necesita identificar sus ventajas competitivas y su capacidad para internalizarlas. Además, el articulo valida la existencia de un bajo aprovechamiento de las ventajas contempladas por la AP por parte de las empresas exportadoras de la región, dado su conocimiento limitado del acuerdo y la falta de promoción del gobierno.

Palabras clave: Alianza del Pacífico, Tratado de libre comercio, Internacionalización de Pymes.

Códigos JEL: F13, F14, F15

Recibido: 04/06/2019. Aceptado: 12/02/2020.  Publicado: 27/04/2020
Effectiveness of an instructional design in the academic performance of students of an online course
Authors: Quiroz Campas Celia Yaneth , Armenta Zazueta Lizeth , Hinojosa Rodriguez Carlos Jesús
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this research was to elaborate an online instructional design, and to identify the effectiveness of the academic performance on a course of the educational program bachelor’s in administration of a University of northern Mexico. The course was taught in “SAETI, Sistema de apoyo a la educación con tecnologías de internet” (Support System to education with Information Technologies). The instructional design of the course was tested on this platform with students of fourth and fifth semester. This research was done under a quasi-experimental focus with a quantitative approach. Once the online instructional design was developed, an evaluation instrument was applied to measure the effectiveness of the use and application of an online instructional design. The student sample to be selected was made with two natural class groups, one control and one experimental group. In addition, three research questions were answered, the first question refers to the differences in the academic performance of students in an online course, when an instructional design is used. According to the results it is verified that there are significant differences in the experimental group, where an online instructional design was used, and it is demonstrated with the result of the t-student test. For the second research question, the advantages for the student are presented, the effectiveness of the application of an instructional design in the activities of an online course and the third research question investigated what the advantages for the teacher in the use of an instructional design in an online course are; the findings of this research showed that the instructional design used in the two units of competence was effective.

Keywords: instructional design, academic performance, instructional design models, learning theories

Code JEL: I20, I21, I23

Received: 24/06/2019. Accepted: 12/02/2020.  Published: 27/04/2020
Improved Bounds for Centered Colorings
Authors: Dębski Michał , Micek Piotr , Schröder Felix , Felsner Stefan
Published: August 2021

A vertex coloring $\phi$ of a graph $G$ is $p$-centered if for every connected subgraph $H$ of $G$ either $\phi$ uses more than $p$ colors on $H$ or there is a color that appears exactly once on $H$. Centered colorings form one of the families of parameters that allow to capture notions of sparsity of graphs: A class of graphs has bounded expansion if and only if there is a function $f$ such that for every $p\geq1$, every graph in the class admits a $p$-centered coloring using at most $f(p)$ colors.

In this paper, we give upper bounds for the maximum number of colors needed in a $p$-centered coloring of graphs from several widely studied graph classes.
We show that:

(1) planar graphs admit $p$-centered colorings with $O(p^3\log p)$ colors
where the previous bound was $O(p^{19})$;

(2) bounded degree graphs admit $p$-centered colorings with $O(p)$ colors
while it was conjectured that they may require exponential number of colors.

All these upper bounds imply polynomial algorithms for computing the colorings.

Prior to this work there were no non-trivial lower bounds known.
We show that:

(4) there are graphs of treewidth $t$ that require $\binom{p+t}{t}$ colors in any $p$-centered coloring. This bound matches the upper bound;

(5) there are planar graphs that require $\Omega(p^2\log p)$ colors in any $p$-centered coloring.

We also give asymptotically tight bounds for outerplanar graphs and planar graphs of treewidth $3$. We prove our results with various proof techniques. The upper bound for planar graphs involves an application of a recent structure theorem while the upper bound for bounded degree graphs comes from the entropy compression method. We lift the result for bounded degree graphs to graphs avoiding a fixed topological minor using the Grohe-Marx structure theorem.
Rice Commercialisation, Agrarian Change and Livelihood Trajectories: Transformations on the Fogera Plain of Ethiopia
Authors: Alemu Dawit , Thompson John , Assaye Abebaw
Published: August 2021

Rice was considered a minor crop in Ethiopia, rarely consumed by many households in Sub-Saharan Africa. In recent decades, however, it has become the most rapidly growing staple food source in the country. This paper presents an historical analysis of rice commercialisation and the observed agrarian changes that have resulted from its introduction and spread in Ethiopia. The paper analyses the role of the state, private actors and development partners in promoting improvements in rice production and value chain upgrading, as well as examines the impacts of small-scale commercialisation on local livelihoods and rural economies.