bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O uso da tecnologia assistiva no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de alunos com tea no componente curricular de ciências na educação básica / The use of assistive technology in the teaching and learning process of students with asd in the science curriculum component in basic education
Authors: Pantoja Bianca de Fátima Fonseca Jardim , Araújo Marcelo Marques de , Araújo Marcelo Marques de , Nascimento Jussara Cassiano , Nascimento Jussara Cassiano
Published: April 2022

Este trabalho objetivou refletir a respeito do processo de ensino e aprendizagem de estudante com Transtorno do Espectro Autista - TEA da educação básica, nas aulas do componente curricular de Ciências. O objetivo foi verificar a contribuição das tecnologias assistivas produzidas com materiais de baixo custo, para a aprendizagem dos estudantes com TEA. O trabalho foi realizado com um (1) aluno do 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola da rede federal de ensino de Belém do Pará. A coleta dos dados ocorreu em dois períodos, o primeiro com atividades tradicionais com uso do livro didático como auxílio do processo de ensino e aprendizagem, e o segundo com intervenções com a utilização da tecnologia assistiva como ferramenta. Em ambos, foi realizada observação e registro em diário de bordo durante as atividades previamente planejadas. No primeiro momento, realizamos atividade sem adaptações e sem auxílio da tecnologia assistiva e foram observadas, várias dificuldades por parte do estudante com TEA, que apresentava muitas lacunas nos conhecimentos relacionados aos assuntos do componente curricular voltado para o ensino de Ciências, como órgãos dos sentidos, partes do corpo humano, higiene e saúde. No segundo momento, foi observado que há necessidade de que o currículo, as unidades temáticas e os objetos do conhecimento trabalhados pelo professor, estejam adequadamente adaptados para alunos com TEA, devido as especificidades do transtorno. Pois foi constatado que com a utilização da tecnologia assistiva, verificou-se que houve uma melhora significativa para o discente com TEA, fato notório que nos revelou a importância dessa ferramenta, e de sua eficiência para o ensino do componente curricular de Ciências.
Cultura, linguagem e saúde: práticas de cura NA/DA Amazônia Tocantina, Cupijó, Cametá-PA / Culture, language and health: healing practices IN/OF the Amazon Tocantina, Cupijó, Cametá-PA
Authors: Valente Márcia de Jesus Oliveira , Domingues Andrea Silva , Pinto Benedita Celeste de Moraes
Published: April 2022

A pesquisa apresentada realiza discussões acerca das formas de interpretação que recaem sobre o trabalho do pesquisador que lida com as fontes orais, tendo como ponto de apoio a interdisciplinaridade, refletimos sobre a necessidade de se considerar as narrativas orais como fatos de linguagem, que articulam elementos políticos, simbólicos e ideológicos, considerando que tais fatos materializam-se nos discursos. Nesse sentido, o texto objetiva apresentar um exercício de análise sobre as narrativas dos moradores das margens e das matas da região do Rio Cupijó, referente às diferentes práticas de cura e formas de tratamento de saúde em seu cotidiano. Para tanto, procuramos estudar as formas de se fazer e significar as práticas culturais em torno dos tratamentos de saúde além da medicina tradicional, pois o uso das plantas medicinais no Brasil é uma pratica cultural desde tempos remotos que vem sendo praticada até a contemporaneidade por diferentes gerações, sendo este costume uma tradição, principalmente no que tange a sintomas primários de cuidados com a saúde. Metodologicamente o trabalho está sendo desenvolvido por meio de análises de memórias e por experiências de sujeitos que convivem cotidianamente na Vila Baia, nas proximidades do rio Cupijó, corpus de análise este adquirido através de entrevistas orais realizadas na pesquisa de campo participativa. Buscamos construir uma história dos sujeitos que praticam artes da cura, mantendo sempre o olhar político e histórico na leitura e interpretação de nosso corpus de análise, para que possamos de fato entender este movimento histórico, discursivo e cultural e seus sentidos para os moradores da região, dialogando com autores que trabalham as categorias de analise cultura, memória e discurso, tais como: HALL (2008), PORTELLI (1997) PINTO (2010), DOMINGUES (2017) E ORLANDI (2012), para que desta maneira possamos melhor compreender os sentidos e significados de práticas culturais referente a cura das dores do corpo.
Autoeficácia e desenvolvimento pessoal: um estudo sobre o envelhecimento neurocognitivo / Self-efficacy and personal development: a study on neurocognitive aging
Authors: Assunção João Lucas Araujo , De Melo Gislane Ferreira , Rocha Fernanda de Sousa , Chariglione Isabelle Patriciá Freitas Soares
Published: April 2022

Objetivou-se avaliar a influência da autoeficácia e do desenvolvimento pessoal no envelhecimento neurocognitivo. Participaram 46 idosos, sendo avaliados em medidas de autoeficácia geral, funções cognitivas e desenvolvimento pessoal. Para a análise foram utilizados testes paramétricos e não paramétricos, adotando p ≤ 0,05. Os resultados indicaram que a autoeficácia apresenta associação significativa com a dimensão de desenvolvimento pessoal (p = 0,00) e a cognição não apresentou diferenças significativas entre os grupos (p = 0,90). Observou-se também que o grupo com alta autoeficácia apresenta desempenho diferente em relação aos demais grupos (baixa e moderada).
Plano de gestão integrada de resíduos sólidos: uma análise do cenário atual dos resíduos sólidos nos Municípios do Estado do Pará / Integrated solid waste management plan: an analysis of the current scenario of solid waste in Municipalities in the State of Pará
Authors: Pôjo Buna Coelho da Conceição , Norat Maria de Valdivia Costa
Published: April 2022

A insustentabilidade no sistema atual na geração dos resíduos sólidos, demandou a criação de legislações que regulem esta questão. Neste sentido, os Planos de Gestão Integrada de Resíduos Sólidos (PGIRS), previstos no art. 19 da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS), é condicionante para o Distrito Federal e os Municípios terem acesso a recursos da União. O estado do Pará é um dos piores entes federativos em termos de saneamento básico, quanto se trata de seus resíduos, é responsável pela maior geração da região norte, adicionalmente é o estado que possui o menor índice de cobertura de coleta de resíduos sólidos entre as regiões brasileiras. Desta forma, este artigo analisou quais os municípios paraenses que detém do PGIRS, e para onde são destinados os resíduos de cada município, utilizando da metodologia descritiva/explicativa, a partir de dados consolidados do Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre a Gestão dos Resíduos Sólidos. Assim, verificou-se que dos 144 municípios paraenses, 62 deles apresentaram o Plano Intermunicipal de Resíduos Sólidos ou Plano de Gestão Integrada de Resíduos Sólidos, e dos 82 municípios que não possuem um plano, 6 deles dispõem seus resíduos em aterro sanitário ou aterro controlado.
Strategic Management and Firm Survival
Authors: Supangkat Hendrarto , Widiana Rina
Published: April 2022

Strategic management has been praised for presenting firms with advantages. However, there is still a lack of empirical evidence for its impact on firms in difficult conditions. This study evaluates a unique situation in which firms facing the same external threat could end up differently. The relationships between strategic management and firms’ abilities to survive were investigated through a survey of 67 nickel-mining firms in Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. Each firm’s level in strategic management was measured by a questionnaire, which is based on a two-dimensional model for strategic management maturity comprising process and leadership dimensions. Meanwhile, a firm’s survival ability was assessed in six facets, including the ability to detect a threat, formulate an anticipation plan, implement the plan, maintain operations, maintain performance, and continue to exist in the future. Regression techniques were employed in the analysis. Proof of the positive effect that strategic management has on firms’ survival is delivered as the main result. It is further found that maturity in the strategic management process plays a more dominant role than strategic leadership. The effects of both dimensions in strategic management maturity on each survival ability facet are also explored.
Interdependence of Ubuntu and Hospitality and the Link to Theological Perspective: A Biblical Reflection
Authors: Kholopa Clement
Published: April 2022

The interdependence of Ubuntu and hospitality is drawn primarily from the investigation of theology and African cultural practices to address current Christian ethical practices of hospitality in the context of migration and the problems it poses to the practice of hospitality, and how it can be reconceived in the light of this context. This article argues that Christians have an identity defined by a new union in Christ, which has resultant ethics that flow from this relationship and ‘theological life be considered as a pilgrimage of pressing to higher ideals in Christ’ (Philippians 3:13). However, ethical expectations and conduct for people bound by Christ’s fellowship have explicit ethical obligations to one another and a duty to fellow human beings, as people are created in the image of God (imago Dei). This suggests that our human actions as Christians should have an intentional goal of co-existence with other human beings as we are bound in contextual realities with other people. In this regard, Ubuntu means interdependence, communality, commonality and mutuality. The church and the individual Christian have a duty to be engaged according to Ubuntu’s notion of identity and solidarity. Identity and solidarity imply a vector towards the other. This could be used to exhort South Africans to desist from acts of xenophobia as this is contrary to the ethos of Ubuntu that teaches the dignity of all people, as our well-being is intertwined and communally shared.
Discourse-Pragmatic Functions for Shared and Thematic Information Structures
Authors: Kondo Eri
Published: April 2022

This paper investigates that brief connections between usages of left-dislocations in American discourse and discourse functions for developing conversation statuses based on conversation analyses in pragmatics.It also reveals that speakers’ intentions are shown in a conversation for maintaining topic continuity as a tool of discourse function.It is hard to account that word order is manipulative; however, hypotheses that we can bear out discourse functions technically are demonstrated.As the point, the aspect proves that the conversation analyses are correlated with a discourse speakers talk unconsciously to construct good relationships between friends and new classmates.It may be difficult to find theories of discourse structures and information statues; however, we must try to appeal and reach new analyses.
İHRACATA DAYALI BÜYÜME HİPOTEZİNİN TEST EDİLMESİ: MALEZYA EKONOMİSİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: BAL Harun , ERDOĞAN Esma , YILDIRIM Koray
Published: April 2022

Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomileri içerisinde önemli bir konuma sahip olan ve 2010 yılı itibariyle uygulamaya koyduğu Yeni Ekonomi Model (NEM) ile yaklaşık olarak kırk yıldır sürdürmekte olduğu İhracata Dayalı Büyüme modeli uygulamalarını güçlendirmeyi hedefleyen Malezya ekonomisi bu çalışmanın araştırma konusunu oluşturmaktadır. NEM uygulamaları Malezya ekonomisinin yenilik üretme kapasitesini arttırmaya ve desteklemeye yönelik ilave politikalarla zayıflama işaretleri gösteren ihracata dayalı büyüme sürecini yeniden hızlandırma ve bir üst uygulamaya dönüştürmeyi hedeflemektedir. Malezya ekonomisinde yaşanan gelişmeler, gerek kendisi gerekse benzeri modelleri uygulayan diğer ülkeler için de büyük önem taşımaktadır. Çalışmada, yakın dönem gelişmeleri de dikkate alarak yeni uygulamaların amacına uygun bir şekilde çalışıp çalışmadığını analiz etmekte olup, 1960-2019 dönemi veri seti kullanılarak ihracata dayalı büyümenin devamlılığına ilişkin destekleyici yönde güçlü bulgular elde edilmiştir.
The deviant behavior: the problem of methodological understanding of the norm and its socio-educational representations
Authors: Balahonskiy Vitaliy , Balakhonskaya Liudmila
Published: April 2022

The article examines the methodological and substantive problems of understanding the educational norm, reveals the essence and ambiguity of the consequences of the educational activity subjects’ deviant behavior. The relevance of the topic of the theoretical research is determined by the fact that in the modern scientific literature devoted to the study of deviant behavior, the considered subject field as a rule does not extend to the field of pedagogical activity, its norms and rules, while this type of activity is a critically significant aspect of society that has a clearly defined specifics and ambiguity of its social and personal consequences. The object of research is the phenomenon of deviant behavior, the subject at hand are the forms of its manifestation in the field of educational activity. The purpose of the article is to conceptualize the essence of educational deviation. In order to achieve this goal, the authors address the following theoretical challenges: clarification of the meaning of the concept of «norm», determining its specifics in the field of educational activity, studying the ambiguous consequences of educational deviations. The conducted research is based on the use of dialectical methodological tools that allow to understand the subject in its integrity and unity of opposite sides and development trends. The article justifies the understanding of the educational norm as a synthesis of organizational regulations of this type of activity and considers the possibilities of constructive deviations from this norm aimed at achieving socially or individually significant pedagogical results. The theoretical significance of this approach avoids simplification and one-sidedness in understanding the ratio of norm and deviation in the field of pedagogy, while practical significance lays in the possibility of its methodological use in the process of creating organizational norms of the educational activities.
Protective Effect of Silymarin and Boric Acid Against Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction in Mice
Authors: ŞAHİN Yaşar , ALÇIĞIR Mehmet Eray , BAKAR ATEŞ Filiz , EKİCİ Hüsamettin , ŞENOL Ali , ATICI Enes Gazi , YILDIRIM Ebru , KARAHAN Siyami
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to compare the protective or therapeutic effects of silymarin and/or boric acid against myocardial infarction induced by isoproterenol. Distilled water was given orally by gavage to the GI and GII groups for fourteen days. The GIII group was received silymarin (100mg/kg), while the GIV group was given boric acid (100mg/kg) for 14 days. In the last group, both silymarin and boric acid were given orally (gavage) for fourteen days. On the thirteenth and fourteenth days of the study, while isotonic water was applied to the GI group, isoproterenol (85mg/kg) was applied to the other groups subcutaneously. Plasma ALT, AST, Ca, CK, CHO, TP, Ing P, IL-6, IL-12, PAL-1, and sPLA2 parameters were evaluated. Histopathological examination was performed on the heart, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, cerebrum, and cerebellum tissues taken from mice. The CK level was found to be significantly lower in the GIII and GV groups compared to the GII group (P
MOTIVATION OF CHILDREN'S HEALTH SCREENING VOLUNTEERS AT PUSKESMAS CIPTOMULYO AND MULYOREJO, MALANG CITY
Authors: Ispriantari Aloysia , Priasmoro Dian Pitaloka
Published: April 2022

In 2019, Children's Health Screening was held because there is volunteers from universities in Malang City. This volunteers motivation needs to be concerned because it is requires a lot of energy and time. The study was to determine the motivation of volunteers for School Children's Health Screening at Puskesmas Ciptomulyo and Mulyorejo. Respondents are volunteers for health screening at Puskesmas Ciptomulyo and Mulyorejo with total respondents are 34 respondents. Data was collected using “The Volunteer Functions Inventory” instrument. Data presented in descriptive and then used the unpaired t-test for analysis. The result is most of them (97.1%) of respondents had high motivation and the rest of them (2.9%) had moderate motivation. The factor of motivation that affect volunteers as following: understanding, career development, self-enrichment, personal value, self-protection and social factors. In addition, there is no difference in the motivation of volunteers based on the years of college education. Based on the results of this study, we suggest that academic institution prepare students to improve their clinical skills and motivate students to take part in volunteer activities in the community. Keywords: Motivation, Volunteers, School Children’s Health Screening
EFFECTIVENESS OF VERTIGO REHABILITATION EXERCISE, DIZZINESS AND BALANCE DISORDERS (VDB) IN ELDERLY : NARRATIVE REVIEW
Authors: Suparmin Nirmala , Indriani Indriani
Published: April 2022

Vertigo, Dizziness and Balance Disorders (VDB)cause disturbances in the perception of motion or feelings of instability that can affect the ability to see and an unstable gait that causes balance disorders so that immobility can be disturbed, limitations in daily activities, decreased function and can increase the risk of falling. There has been no review of articles that discuss the effectiveness of rehabilitation exercises in patients with Vertigo, Dizziness and Balance Disorders (VDB) in the elderly. To determine the effectiveness of exercise in patients with Vertigo, Dizziness and Balance Disorders (VDB) in the elderly.Narrative review with PICO framework , Identify articles using databases (Google Scholar, Pubmed, and ScienDirect). Selection of articles using PRISMA Flowchart . A total of 434 articles were identified . Articles are limited to 10 years. There were 12 articles that met the inclusion criteria and with the highest prevalence in Brazil 292 population . which states that Vestibular Rehabilitation Therapy (VRT) exercises and Vestibular Rehabilitation with exercise Cawthorne & Cookseycan improve balance .In the practice of Rehabilitation Vestibular Therapy (VRT) and Vestibular Rehabilitation with exercise Cawthorne & Cookseycan reduce symptoms in conditions of balance disorders and produce good results so that it can improve postural stability, self-confidence, can reduce symptoms of dizziness. Functional independence of daily activities can be done at home every day with supervision and doing exercises according to complaints or perceived functional limitationsKeywords: Balance disorders, Cawthorne & Cooksey, Dizziness, Vestibular Rehabilitation Therapy (VRT) and Vertigo
A Descriptive Socio-Legal Assessment on Gender and Human Rights
Authors: Kumar Surender , Singh Pawan Deep , Sarmah Papori , Singh Bijendra
Published: April 2022

Human rights violations of women and abuse against women are structured and underlying in India, introduced in socio-economic guidelines and laws that structure the family, neighborhood, climate, and state plans. Along these lines, it is an expanding worry in India and across the globe as the rising occurrence of infringements of women's human rights are on high. The purpose of this study is to investigate and examine the knowledge and mindfulness of human rights among women and its connection and association with the overall advancement of women in their day-to-day existence. Using a descriptive research method, both qualitative and quantitative data were gathered on women’s mindfulness and knowledge of various human rights available to them. The proximity of intense and thorough knowledge of women’s human rights was found to play the greatest role in the comprehensive socio-economic development of women. This study definitively answers the question regarding the correlation between proximity to women’s human rights mindfulness and fertile platform and ambiance for their fuller growth and development as human beings. Further investigations are expected to set up causal relations and foster a more full-bodied conceivable climate and social construction for the security and acknowledgement of women’s human rights.
Guidance Report on Power Electronic Curriculum Development
Authors: Issa Walid
Published: April 2022

The Department
for Business Innovation and Skills (BIS) has recognized ensuring a good supply
of talented Power Electronics engineers as a challenge. Inability to recruit
high-quality engineers would drive companies out of the UK. The use of outdated
or inappropriate teaching materials at universities has been identified as a
gap to address this challenge. Some academic institutions have well-recognised power
electronics, machines and drives (PEMD) programmes where their undergraduate
courses are also linked to their research interests. However, other academic
institutions do not provide that depth of knowledge required by PEMD industry,
considering it as optional knowledge and do not have suitable training
materials. This project responds to contribute to filling the gaps in skills,
talent and training for the PEMD industry by developing a guidance on a
developed framework for Power Electronics curriculum, which is supported by
industrial-oriented knowledge and inputs. The developed framework has been designed
to fit other disciplines also and a sample curriculum has been provided.
MMC-Net: Multi-modal network for cardiac MRI segmentation of ventricular structures, and myocardium
Authors: Chowdary G. Jignesh , Yogarajah Pratheepan , Chaurasia Priyanka
Published: April 2022

Automatic segmentation of multi-modal Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CMRI) scans is challenging due to the variant intensity distribution and unclear boundaries between the neighbouring tissues and other organs. The deep convolutional neural networks have shown great potential in medical image segmentation tasks. In this paper, we present a deep convolutional neural network model named Multi-Modal Cardiac Network (MMC-Net) for segmenting three cardiac structures namely right ventricle (RV), left ventricle (LV), and left ventricular myocardium (LVM) from multi-modal CMRI’s. The proposed MMC-Net is designed using a densely connected backbone enabling feature reuse, an atrous convolution module for fusing multi-scale features, and a pixel-classification module for generating the segmentation result. This model was evaluated on a publicly available MS-CMRSeg-2019 challenge dataset in segmentation of RV, LV, and LVM from CMRI scans. The segmentation results from extensive experiments demonstrate our MMC-Net can achieve better segmentation performance compared to other state-of-the-art models, and the existing approaches. Additionally, the generalization ability of the proposed MMC-Net is validated on another publicly available ACDC dataset without fine-tuning. The results demonstrate that the proposed MMC-Net shows a powerful generalisation ability of segmenting RV, LV, and LVM with higher performance.
Monitoring and Evaluation of the Training System and Effectiveness of the Teacher Training Institution in Togo
Authors: Ati-Mola Tchassama
Published: April 2022

This work aims to study the link between the monitoring and evaluation of the training system and the effectiveness of teacher training institutions in Togo. We propose to verify the hypothesis that the effectiveness of a teacher training institution depends on the monitoring and evaluation of its training system. This hypothesis is verified through an observation survey and a semi-directed interview with student teachers, managers and trainers of the Ecole Normale Supérieure of Atakpamé and teacher training institutions. The results show that the existence and quality of monitoring and evaluation of the teacher training system determines the effectiveness of the training institution.
Perspective of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Exhaustion as Cancer Causative
Authors: Hamad Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed , Suliman Rania Saad
Published: April 2022

Over the last decade, Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) dragged the research community’s attention due to the associated benefits in physiology and pathology. In this study, the probable role of AHR in cancer development is discussed. The ABCG2 gene that regulates uric acid metabolism is controlled by AHR. The study noticed that the failure of AHR control over ABCG2 leads to the accumulation of uric acid, reduction of vitamin D, and hormonal imbalances that are sequentially associated with several types of cancer. Furthermore, the location of AHR in the cytoplasm and its role in the regulation of the development and differentiation of blood cells, makes it impacts on overall cells of the body, while cancer genes can be transmitted through AHR receptors in the placenta to the offspring. Overtiredness of AHR by aging, microbial, chemical, or other environmental factors escalates the risk of cancer cell growth. Consequently, immune system dysfunction is facilitated by metastasis. Meanwhile, the Tryptophan catabolism indicates the exhaustion of AHR. However, this hypothesis lacks experimental exploration for further validation.
Development of Battery Energy Management System for EV Charging Station
Authors: Dineshraj V. , Prasanna Moorthy V.
Published: April 2022

Designing energy storage technologies for applications such as power and smart grids has become a need in the last era, and it is heavily reliant on accurate battery conditions as well as characteristic predictions. A variety of techniques are used to identify battery properties and describe battery states, depending on the kind of battery cell and how it is utilized. This study focuses on estimating the State of Charge (SOC), which is one of the most critical battery states. The most significant aspect of batteries is their State of Charge, which represents their accuracy and state. For charging and discharging, the Coulomb-counting approach is used in mathematical modeling to determine the battery's SOC. The proposed system maintains the SOC of the battery when it undergoes deep outflow in the input ports that exceeds its limitation during the charging of EVs in electric vehicle charging stations. Simulations utilizing MATLAB/ Simulink software are used to assess the suggested method's performance.
Forecasting Crop Production Based On Soil Data and Detection of Diseases Using Machine Learning
Authors: Mohammed Riyaz M. , Gopalakrishnan V. , Kalidasan S.
Published: April 2022

Estimating crop creation has been a consistent worry since the start of the historical backdrop of agribusiness. Guaging strategies have advanced, as has horticulture itself and the determinations of the gauges required. The individuals who utilize figure information are continuously looking for more noteworthy precision, granularity, likeness, and idealness. The people who produce the information or add to their creation generally work under monetary and specialized requirements. Acquiring opportune information presents an undeniable test. Today, the human, institutional, specialized, and monetary foundation behind crop figures and proposal gauges specifically can be unquestionably complicated. This distribution gives experiences into such complex information frameworks at the nation level. It features great practices and prospects for what's to come. The distinguishing proof and location of sicknesses of plants is one of the central matters which decide the deficiency of the suggestion of yield creation and agribusiness. The investigations of plant illness are the examination of any noticeable places in any part of the plant, such as any spots or conceals, which assists in distinguishing between two plants. The manageability of the plant is one of the central issues for rural turn of events. The discovery of plant sicknesses is undeniably challenging to get right. The recognizable proof of the illness requires loads of work and ability, bunches of information in the field of plants and the investigations of the identification of those sicknesses. Thus, picture handling is utilized for the identification of plant infections. The detection of infections follows the strategies for picture procurement, picture extraction, picture division, and picture pre-handling.
An Administrative Meter Maid: Using Inter Partes Review and Post-Grant Review to Curb Exclusivity Parking via the "Failure to Market" Provision of the Hatch-Waxman Act
Authors: Apel Brian
Published: April 2022

Congress created the unique Hatch-Waxman framework in 1984 to increase the availability of low-cost generic drugs while preserving patent incentives for new drug development. The Hatch-Waxman Act rewards generic drug companies that successfully challenge a pharmaceutical patent: 180 days of market exclusivity before any other generic firm can enter the market. When a generic firm obtains this reward, sometimes drug developers agree to pay generic firms to delay entering the market. These pay-for-delay agreements give rise to exclusivity parking and run counter to congressional intent by delaying full generic drug competition. The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act created several statutory forfeiture provisions that proved only marginally effective at curbing the practice of exclusivity parking. More recently, Congress created new quasi-judicial administrative proceedings that effectively replace certain kinds of district court patent litigation. This Note describes the complex statutory scheme that gave rise to exclusivity parking, explains why previous and current attempts to curtail exclusivity parking were and remain ineffective, and suggests amending the “failure to market” provision to include these new administrative proceedings as a way to help curb exclusivity parking.
Holding on to Clarity: Reconciling the Federal Kidnapping Statute with the Trafficking Victims Protection Act
Authors: Reese Benjamin
Published: April 2022

In recent decades, the international community has come to recognize human trafficking as a problem of epidemic proportions. Congress responded to this global crisis in 2000 by passing the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) and has since supplemented that comprehensive enactment. But, in light of the widespread use of psychological rather than physical coercion in trafficking cases, a long-standing split among federal courts regarding the scope of the federal kidnapping statute raises significant concerns about the United States’ efforts to combat traffickers. In particular, the broad interpretation adopted by several circuits threatens effective enforcement of statutes designed to prosecute traffickers, endangers the due process rights of potential defendants, and risks rendering the criminal provisions of the TVPA superfluous. This Note argues that those broader interpretations are incorrect as a matter of proper statutory interpretation, and especially when considered in light of the passage of the TVPA. It further contends that, in kidnapping-by-deception cases, the prosecution must demonstrate that the defendant intended to back up the deception with force or the threat of force if his ruse failed.
The Tragedy of Justice Scalia
Authors: Berman Mitchell
Published: April 2022

Review of A Matter of Interpretation: Federal Courts and the Law by Antonin Scalia.
Troubled Waters Between U.S. and European Antitrust
Authors: Sokol D.
Published: April 2022

Review of The Atlantic Divide in Antitrust: An Examination of US and EU Competition Policy by Daniel J. Gifford and Robert T. Kudrle.
The Essential Structure of Property Law
Authors: Stern James
Published: April 2022

This Article examines a characteristic of property entitlements fundamental to the structure of property systems that has received scant academic attention, a characteristic referred to as the mutual exclusivity principle. According to this principle, a property system does not allow for the existence of incompatible rights. Two people cannot separately be the owners of the same resource, for instance. By contrast, two people can each hold valid but contradictory contract rights to the resource. Although the existing property literature has stressed the “exclusive” nature of property, the various ways in which property is imagined to be exclusive, such as by conferring “rights to exclude,” fail to capture the essence of property as a distinct legal institution. Unlike these alternative conceptions of exclusiveness, the mutual exclusivity principle holds true across the range of different types of property entitlements, including not just fee simple ownership but also security interests and servitudes, and across the range of assets subject to property law, including not just land and physical objects but also intangibles like intellectual property and corporate shares.
Recognizing the role of the mutual exclusivity principle yields a number of practical insights. It helps explain various institutional features of property law, such as the system of future interests, the use of possession-based rules, the role of recording systems, and the negative, thing-based structure of property entitlements. It illuminates connections between property and other fields like corporations law and it calls into question aspects of existing doctrine, such as the preferred status of exclusion rights under the U.S. Constitution’s Takings Clause. It also modifies the influential theory that property law is heavily shaped by problems of high information costs: while existing accounts seem to suppose that property law entails relatively high information costs because it imposes a relatively broad set of duties on others, many of the information cost problems identified in the literature actually result from the mutual exclusivity problem, rather than from the breadth of property duties.
At a more general level, understanding the centrality of the mutual exclusivity principle suggests some change in direction is called for within the wider property literature. American property scholarship has been preoccupied with questions about the scope and strength of property rights, overlooking the separate problem of ascertaining who happens to hold a given right, a problem distinctive to property law. Property, this Article argues, is at least as much about title chains, patent searches, and creditor priorities as it is about trespass, remedies, and eminent domain.
Magnetic Curves in C-manifolds
Authors: Güvenç Şaban
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we study normal magnetic curves in $C$-manifolds. We prove that magnetic trajectories with respect to the contact magnetic fields areindeed $\theta _{\alpha }$-slant curves with certain curvature functions. Then, we give the parametrizations of normal magnetic curves in $\mathbb{R}^{2n+s}$ with its structures as a $C$-manifold.
Psychological Well-Being of Parents in Assisting Children in Online Learning
Authors: Putu Santi
Published: April 2022

Online learning events carried out for students with ADHD certainly cause children to experience more difficulties, but parents also experience complex problems in assisting children's online learning during Covid-19. According to Ryff, mental well-being consists of six distinct dimensions. This study aims to determine the mental well-being of parents of ADHD children aged 6-12 years who are undergoing online learning based on Ryff's theory. This study uses a qualitative research design. The results of this study indicate that the parents' condition of mental well-being is quite low. Parents are still able to organize and make decisions when there is online learning. However, online learning affects the acceptance of their situation, fosters good relationships with others, manages and takes advantage of existing opportunities, sees the meaning of experiences before and after accompanying children to learn online and is not aware of their potential.
Old Saxon as a Starting Point for the Study of Germanic Linguistics and Philology*
Authors: Pierce Marc , Brown Collin
Published: April 2022

Abstract In this paper, we argue that Old Saxon is the best starting point for the study of Germanic linguistics and philology. We first introduce the issue, drawing on papers published in the late 1960s by Ulrich Groenke and W. Freeman Twaddell to do so. This is followed
by a section evaluating other potential starting points for the area, specifically the other early Germanic languages and the history of German. We then make the case for Old Saxon, which is based on the high literary quality of the Old Saxon Hêliand (the main text of the language),
the insights that the Hêliand can provide into early Germanic culture, the value of Old Saxon for learning the other early Germanic languages, and the quality of the tools available for learning Old Saxon.
The Fabric Accounts of St. Stephen’s Chapel, Westminster, 1292‐1396, ed. Tim Ayers, transcription and translation by Maureen Jurkowski. 2 vols. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press, 2020, 1523 pp., 10 b/w ill.
Authors: Stanford Charlotte A.
Published: April 2022

Abstract: The accounts of the building works and related documents for St. Stephen’s chapel in Westminster have been well known by specialists as early as the eighteenth century, but up until now have been only partially printed. This impressive edition provides full
access, in Latin and with an English facing translation, of a significant body of reference work that draws from earlier scholarship and contributes to current studies, both of St. Stephen’s and medieval building practices generally.
Assaf Pinkus, Visual Aggression: Images of Martyrdom in Late Medieval Germany. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2021, xii, 178 pp., 50 color and 87 b/w ill.
Authors: Saltzman Benjamin A.
Published: April 2022

Abstract: It is a strange experienced to be so intellectually fascinated by the topic of a book, but so repelled by its content. The detailed descriptions and (generously reproduced) images of tortured bodies in Assaf Pinkus’ Visual Aggression made me cringe
and squirm as I read it, made me pause for reprieve, made me imagine the pain of losing my digits one-by-one as I typed this review. This felt bodily response is perhaps the greatest evidence that Pinkus has tapped into a crucial observation about the so-called galleries of violence –
the fourteenth-century German sculptural programs depicting martyrs being tortured – which he claims “ocularly assaulted the bodies and minds of the viewers” (3).
Origins of the Witches’ Sabbath, trans. Michael D. Bailey. Magic in History Sourcebook Series. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2020, 127 pp., 1 map.
Authors: Classen Albrecht
Published: April 2022

Abstract: One of the most gruesome phenomena of the late Middle Ages and the early modern age was certainly the witch craze, which victimized a countless number of innocent people who were not only imprisoned and tortured, but then also burned at the stake. Once in the hands
of inquisitors, who caused incredible pain to the poor victims they accused incriminated many other people out of sheer desperation. There is no shortage of relevant scholarly studies, some of which Michael Bailey has assembled in the select bibliography at the end of this thin anthology.
However, it would have been advisable to expand it a little (I would have included, for instance, Joanna Miles, The Devil’s Mortal Weapons, 2018; Lyndal Roper, Witch Craze, 2004; Hexenwelten, ed. Wulf Köpke and Bernd Schmelz, 2001; Gerhild Scholz Williams, Defining
Dominion, 1995; Hans Sebald, Der Hexenjunge, 1992; Ketzer, Zauberer, Hexen, ed. Andreas Blauert, 1990), though the focus of this anthology is rather specific.
Daniela Mairhofer und Agata Mazurek, Der ‘Oxforder Boethius’: Studie und lateinisch-deutsche Edition. Texte des späten Mittelalters und der frühen Neuzeit, 58. Berlin: Erich Schmidt, 2020, IX, 782 S.
Authors: Classen Albrecht
Published: April 2022

Abstract: Diese Rezension könnte ich sehr kurz halten, denn selten habe ich eine so ausführliche, erstaunlich detailliert erarbeitete, überzeugend argumentierende Textedition in der Hand gehalten wie dieses Buch. Von der ersten bis zur letzten Seite bin ich
nicht aus dem Staunen herausgekommen, und könnte rundherum gleich hier sagen, dass Daniele Mairhofer und Agata Mazurek höchstes Lob für ihre unglaublich solide, höchst ordentlich strukturierte und wirklich gut verständlich formulierte Arbeit verdienen. Hut ab, sozusagen,
und dies in jeder Hinsicht, und die Sprachlosigkeit wäre damit die beste Anerkennung für diese großartige Leistung bester philologischer Art.
Der Basler Edelstein: Ulrich Boners Fabelsammlung in der Handschrift der Universitätsbibliothek Basel AN III 17, ed. Kristina Domanski, Charlotte Gutscher-Schmid und Cordula Kropik. Publikationen der Universitätsbibliothek Basel, 48. Basel: Schwabe Verlag, 2021, 207
S., 101 farbige Abb.
Authors: Classen Albrecht
Published: April 2022

Abstract: In den letzten Jahren hat sich das Interesse der mediävistischen Literaturwissenschaft zunehmend auf die Fabeln des Ulrich Boner, zusammengefasst in seinem Edelstein (ca. 1350), gerichtet, wie die Neuausgabe und deutsche Übersetzung durch Manfred
Stange (2016) und die englische Übersetzung durch Albrecht Classen (2020) zuletzt anzeigen. Eine der prächtigsten Handschriften, die den Edelstein enthalten, ist diejenige in der Universitätsbibliothek Basel AN III 17, die in der ersten Hälfte von 2020 von Friederike
Henning restauriert wurde, worauf im September ein Workshop stattfand, dessen Ergebnisse nun im vorliegenden Band gebündelt vorgestellt werden, der nicht nur eine außerordentlich hohe wissenschaftliche Qualität repräsentiert, sondern auch wunderbar illustriert worden ist
und so würdig neben der Handschrift selbst zu stehen kommt.
Sébastien Cazalas, Jean Juvénal des Ursins, prélat engagé (1388‐1473). Étude des épîtres politiques (Bibliothèque du XVe siècle, 85), Paris: Honoré Champion 2020, 729 S.
Authors: Lützelschwab Ralf
Published: April 2022

Abstract: Sein persönliches Motto lautete Viriliter age: ,,Handle mannhaft“ (d.h. im konkreten Fall: konsequent, beharrlich und selbstsicher). Geboren wurde Jean Jouvenel des Ursins 1388 in Paris als Sohn des gleichnamigen, hoch angesehenen avocat du
roi. Sein Leben beschloss er 1473 als Erzbischof von Reims. Eine Abstammung vom römischen Adelsgeschlecht der Orsini ist nicht nachweisbar, doch sollte dieser Eindruck wohl vermittelt werden. Den eigentlichen Namen ,,Jean Jouvenel“ latinisierte er in ,,Juvénal“
und verlieh der Familie so zusätzliche prestigesteigernde romanitas. Nach Studien des Zivil- und Kirchenrechts war Jean Juvénal zunächst in die königliche Verwaltung eingetreten, um danach seine Karriere innerhalb der Kirche fortzusetzen. 1432 wurde er zum Bischof
von Beauvais, 1444 zum Oberhirten von Laon ernannt, um 1449 seinem eigenen Bruder auf der Cathedra von Reims nachzufolgen. Die Spitzenposition innerhalb des französischen Episkopats brachte die Verantwortung für den Rehabilitationsprozess der Jeanne d’Arc ebenso mit sich wie
die Krönung Ludwigs XI. In die politischen Geschicke des Königreichs griff er mit Hilfe einiger Schriften ein, die von ihm selbst als Épîtres (Briefe) bezeichnet wurden, tatsächlich aber eher dem Genus der oratorischen Rede zuzurechnen sind.
Elizabeth Scala, The Canterbury Tales Handbook. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 2020, pp. 197.
Authors: Beal Jane
Published: April 2022

Abstract: Elizabeth Scala, the Ellen Clayton Garwood Centennial Professor of English at the University of Texas at Austin, has written a book meant to aid students taking college courses on Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales. The handbook grew out of the author’s
own pedagogical experiences. Scala’s recent contribution joins a host of other published aids for studying Chaucer, including Helen Cooper’s Oxford Guide to Chaucer: The Canterbury Tales, 2nd Edition (1989, 1996), The Canterbury Tales SparkNotes Literature Guide,
Vol. 20 (2014), and The Open Access Companion to The Canterbury Tales (online).
Cornelia Logermann, Das große Fressen: Tapisserien und Texte der condamnation de Banquier. Rombach Wissenschaft. Quellen zur Kunst, 36. Baden-Baden: Romach Wissenschaft, 2021, 132 S., 21 farbige und s/w Abb.
Authors: Classen Albrecht
Published: April 2022

Abstract: Essen ist niemals bloß eine Nahrungsaufnahme, sondern schon immer eine Form von kultureller Performanz gewesen. Gerade im Spätmittelalter und in der Frühneuzeit steigerte sich die Praxis von Festessen, also Banketts, gerade an den burgundischen und
anderen Höfen enorm, weil dabei effektiv die eigene Machtfülle und der Wohlstand gut demonstriert werden konnte. Wie wir aber aus der zeitgenössischen Literatur und Kultur gut wissen, regte sich dagegen auch erheblicher Widerstand in der Form von sarkastischer Kritik. Diesem
Thema geht Cornelia Logermann in ihrer kleinen aber beeindruckenden Studie über Tapisserien nach, auf denen die Verurteilung solcher Bankettts als erheblich gesundheitsschädlich dargestellt wurde. Das Fasanenfest, von Philipp dem Guten 1454 organisiert, war wohl das berühmteste
Beispiel für solche kulinarischen Performanzen.
Chronik des Konstanzer Konzils 1414–1418 von Ulrich Richental. Historisch-kritische Edition eingeleitet, kommentiert und herausgegeben von Thomas Martin Buck. Konstanzer Geschichts- und Rechtsquellen XLIX, 1–3. Ostfildern: Jan Thorbecke Verlag 2020 (Bd. 1: A–Version,
S. 461; Bd. 2: K–Version, S. 415; Bd. 3: G–Version, S. 433.
Authors: Grafinger Christine Maria
Published: April 2022

Die vorliegende historisch-kritische Neuedition ist das Ergebnis einer mehr als 20jährigen Beschäftigung mit den unterschiedlichen Überlieferungen der Chronik des Konstanzer Konzils. Der Herausgeber Thomas Martin Buck veröffentlichte bereits 2010 eine Neuauflage
des Chroniktextes – die sog. Leseausgabe. Eine dreibändige Edition war dagegen ein Desiderat, weil der Text nicht wie üblich nur in verschiedenen Abschriften überliefert wurde, sondern unterschiedliche Fassungen des Textes vorliegen. Die ältere Forschung hatte sich
vorwiegend mit den Illustrationen und der Bildabfolge beschäftigt und den Text völlig außer Acht gelassen. Erst im 19. Jh. erkannten die Historiker, dass der Text in unterschiedlichen Versionen überliefert ist.
The Marvels of the World: An Anthology of Nature Writing Before 1700, ed. Rebecca Bushnell. Penn Studies in Landscape Architecture. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2021, xii, 363 pp., 35 b/w ill.
Authors: Classen Albrecht
Published: April 2022

After Rebecca Bushnell had taught a graduate course in 2017 dedicated to the early modern English discourse on nature and natural history, she realized the great need for a solid anthology of relevant texts, and the book under review represents the result of her extensive efforts to
collect and edit important contributions by philosophers, mystics, and poets from late antiquity to the high and late Middle Ages, and especially from ca. 1500 until ca. 1700, addressing the following subject matters: 1. natural philosophy and natural knowledge; 2. plants; 3. animals; 4. weather,
climate, and seasons; 5. inhabiting the land; 6. gardens and gardening; and 7. outlandish natural worlds. This is already an impressive gamut of important topics, but I am sorely missing aspects such as ‘water,’ ‘forests,’ ‘mountains,’ ‘birds,’
‘fish,’ and then the inner (caves, volcanoes, etc.) and also the outer sphere, the stars, the planets, and the moon.
Marie-Françoise Alamichel, Voix épiques médiévales anglaises. Paris: Honoré Champion, 2020, 216 pp.
Authors: Sayers William
Published: April 2022

The basic question posed by this focused study is how accurate is the epithet ‘epic’ when applied to the literature of medieval England. A collateral question that must be asked, although more difficult of response, is how authors of the period might have understood the
notions of genre, valued its potential, and sought to realize its conventions in their works. No vernacular statement of theory ‐ how an epic project might be conceived ‐ is extant, although the Beowulf poem does stage the scop in action in the hall, and outline
his subject matter and performance style.