bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applications of New Types of Biomaterials Obtained by Fungal Solid-State Fermentation in Bakery Products Manufacturing
Authors: Klempová Tatiana , Janštová Janka , Gavurniková Soňa , Havrlentová Michaela , Čertík Milan
Published: April 2016

Cereals serve as major food supply for human population. The cereals are rich source of carbohydrates and some proteins, but they are limited in various biologically active compounds such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, carotenoid pigments, coenzyme Q10, etc. Therefore value-added cereal-derived biomaterials have been prepared by the fungal solid state fermentations that could be attractive in food/feed industry. Application of fermented biomaterials into bakery products does not only enrich the final products with new compound (PUFA, ergosterol, etc), but very significantly change the rheological and nutritional and properties of dough and breads such as dough development time and stability, content of starch, glucans, dietary fibre, etc. Sensorial quality of these new products is acceptable for customers. Thus, biotechnologically prepared PUFA-enriched cereals may open novel prospects for the market of functional cereal foods.
Application of Simplified Mathematical Model on Gas Scrubbing Process
Authors: Kalivoda Josef , Svěrák Tomáš
Published: April 2016

This paper shows common research activities of the Chemical Engineering team from the Institute of Materials Chemistry of the Faculty of Chemistry in Brno, University of Technology, Czech Republic. The paper is focused on application of simplified mathematical model on the experimental data obtained through the carbon dioxide scrubbing in to the deionized water in the experimental gas scrubber. The MS Excel’s (2007) Solver was used for computing simplified mathematical model of gas absorption under unsteady state. The CO2 used for the experiment was of the food quality. 24.675 liters of the deionized water was used as water quantity batch. Absorbed CO2 was detected with the gas electrode.
SEC-DAD - Effective Method for the Characterization of π-Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Trhlíková Olga , Hladyš Sviatoslav , Sedláček Jan , Bondarev Dmitrij
Published: April 2016

In the article we present a unique analytical tool for the characterization of conjugated polymers – SEC-DAD (Size Exclusion Chromatography – Diode Array Detector). The chromatographic separation is performed in a conventional SEC mode which provides narrow molecular-weight fractions of the analyzed polymer. The uniqueness of the SEC-DAD combination comes out with the utilization of DAD for the monitoring the absorption characteristics of particular fractions along the molecular weight distribution. If applied in the characterization of the conjugated polymers, SEC-DAD helps to reveal the dependencies of (i) the extent of conjugation and (ii) covalent and configuration structure of the polymer on the molecular weight.
Semiconducting Conjugated Copolymer Series for Organic Photonics and Electronics
Authors: Cimrová Věra , Pokorná Veronika , Dzhabarov Vagif , Výprachtický Drahomír
Published: April 2016

Donor–acceptor copolymer series containing 4,6-di (thien-2′-yl) thieno [3,4-c][1,2,5] thiadiazole or its derivatives serving as electron-acceptor units and various electron-donor units such as 9,9-bis (alkyl) fluorene, benzene, bithiophene or carbazole derivatives is reported. These copolymers possess narrow optical band gap in the range of 1.0 - 1.5 eV depending on the character of the donor units. They exhibit relatively high electron affinity. Absorption of copolymer thin films covers the whole visible spectral region extended up to NIR for some copolymers. The influence of side chain nature and molecular weight on their photophysical properties is shown. Selected copolymers are used in the blends with fullerene derivative [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester ([60]PCBM) as active layers in bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices. The results are discussed in relation to the copolymer structure, side chain nature and molecular weight.
The Influence of Diketopyrrolopyrrole Chemical Structure on Organic Field-Effect Transistors Performance
Authors: Stříteský Stanislav , Krajčovič Jozef , Vala Martin , Weiter Martin
Published: April 2016

Organic semiconductors are suitable for application in biosensors and sensors based on transistors. The influence of soluble group modifications on the performance of diketopyrrolopyrrole-based organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) is studied. The lowest mobility 1·10-9 cm2/Vs was observed for non-symmetric substitution O,N. Measurable charge carrier mobility was observed due to reduction of the density charge trapping states after application of organosilane self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on thinner gate-dielectrics (90 nm). We report similar drift mobility 1·10-7 cm2/Vs for smallest soluble group “butyl” as for biggest group “EthylAdamantyl” in N,N and O,O substitution prepared by spin-coating.
Morphogenesis of Photo-Polymerized Dimethacrylate Networks, Kinetics of Curing and Viscoelastic Parameters
Authors: Bystřický Zdeněk , Jancar Josef
Published: April 2016

The paper refers to the process of dimethacrylate networks morphogenesis. These stiff and highly cross-linked networks have been extensively used as a polymeric matrix of dental composites for decades. In the study, common co-monomer mixtures used in dental resin formulations were employed. This includes rigid aromatic base monomers, bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylate (Bis-GMA) and its ethoxylated alternative (Bis-EMA). Flexible aliphatic monomer, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), was used as the viscosity reducer.
Kinetics of the polymerization process was studied regarding the structural differences and varying molar ratio of the co-monomers. Kinetic data provided the base for understanding the supra-molecular structure evolution. Consequently, an attempt to quantify the relationship between the resulting network morphology and complex viscoelastic moduli was made. Curing kinetics was studied using differential photo-calorimetry (DPC). Complex modulus was measured using dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA). Thermal degradation kinetic data (TGA) were used in order to confirm the estimated morphology of cured networks.
Reactivity of the monomer is derived from its molecular structure. The potential for non-covalent physical interactions along with monomer backbone rigidity significantly decrease polymerization rate and resulting double bond conversion. The diffusion-controlled kinetics dominates over the chemically controlled kinetics throughout most of the polymerization process. Dilution by the low viscous and flexible monomer shifts the diffusion-controlled kinetics to the later stages of the polymerization. However, the flexibility of the monomer backbone promotes the origination of structural heterogeneities, characterized by micro-gel domains formation. This is associated particularly with the anomalous pendant double bond reactivity and ineffective cross-linking.
Rheological Behavior of Polystyrene-Based Nanocomposite Suspensions under LAOS
Authors: Lepcio Petr , Ondreas Frantisek , Jancar Josef
Published: April 2016

Polymer nanocomposites based on polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) and their solutions and suspensions are promising systems for fundamental research which could potentially utilize self-assembly approach in designing new nanocomposite materials. Numerous applications could benefit from understanding of these systems, for instance polymer solution based paints and varnishes. This work is an initial stage of a study which aim is to link macroscale thermomechanical properties with nanoscale structures found in polymer nanocomposites. To do so, a suitable experimental protocol for preparing differently organized NPs in polymer matrix has to be find first in which both kinetic and thermodynamical parameters should be taken into account, i.e. solution casting has being investigated. The results presented here found differences between nanoparticle induced changes on rheological behavior of polystyrene solution under large amplitude oscillation shear (LAOS). High-affinity OP-POSS NPs seem to interact with PS at low loadings and form stiffened aggregates, whereas low-affinity OM-POSS NPs remained rather uninvolved. Effect of hydrodynamic forces independent of the NPs chemical nature was also observed.
Use of a Vertical Expandable Prosthetic Titanium Rib in Children With Thoracic Insufficiency Syndrome and Scoliosis
Authors: Watts Stephanie L.
Published: April 2016

Thoracic insufficiency syndrome is the inability of the thorax to support normal respiration or lung growth. One treatment to address the thoracic deformities associated with the syndrome is placement of a vertical expandable prosthetic titanium rib. The goal is to restore thoracic volume, symmetry, and function and to allow for growth of the thorax in skeletally immature children. The main topics include indications for placement of a titanium rib, postoperative nursing care, potential complications, long-term follow-up, quality-of-life issues, and implications for critical care nurses and advanced practice nurses. (Critical Care Nurse. 2016;36[2]:52-61)
Application of Antibiotic Pharmacodynamics and Dosing Principles in Patients With Sepsis
Authors: Droege Molly E. , Van Fleet Suzanne L. , Mueller Eric W.
Published: April 2016

Sepsis is associated with marked mortality, which may be reduced by prompt initiation of adequate, appropriate doses of antibiotic. Critically ill patients often have physiological changes that reduce blood and tissue concentrations of antibiotic and high rates of multidrug-resistant pathogens, which may affect patients’ outcomes. All critical care professionals, including critical care nurses, should understand antibiotic pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics to ensure sound antibiotic dosing and administration strategies for optimal microbial killing and patients’ outcomes. Effective pathogen eradication occurs when the dose of antibiotic reaches or maintains optimal concentrations relative to the minimum inhibitory concentration for the pathogen. Time-dependent antibiotics, such as β-lactams, can be given as extended or continuous infusions. Concentration-dependent antibiotics such as aminoglycosides are optimized by using high, once-daily dosing strategies with serum concentration monitoring. Vancomycin and fluoroquinolones are dependent on both time and concentration above the minimum inhibitory concentration.
Anemia in the elderly: not always what it seems.
Authors: Cerrano Marco , Crisà Elena , Giai Valentina , Boccadoro Mario , Ferrero Dario
Published: April 2016

Anemia in the elderly is a common but challenging clinical scenario. Here we the described the case of an elderly women who presented with anemia and elevated inflammation markers. After a complete diagnostic workup a clear etiology of the anemia could not be found and eventually a bone marrow biopsy was performed: she was diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome. She responded well to erythropoietin treatment but her inflammation markers remained elevated and a positron emission tomography was eventually performed. It turned out that the patient suffered from giant cell artheritis, and after steroid treatment her anemia completely resolved. Our case outlines that it is necessary to pay particular attention to anemia of chronic inflammation, which could be due to several and often masked conditions. Myelodysplatic syndromes should be considered when other causes have been ruled out, but their diagnosis can be difficult and requires expertise in the field.
The cardiac patient in Ramadan
Authors: Pasha Majed Chamsi , Pasha Hassan Chamsi
Published: April 2016

Ramadan is one of the five fundamental pillars of Islam. During this month, the majority of the 1.6 billion Muslims worldwide observe an absolute fast from dawn to sunset without any drink or food. Our review shows that the impact of fasting during Ramadan on patients with stable cardiac disease is minimal and does not lead to any increase in acute events. Most patients with the stable cardiac disease can fast safely. Most of the drug doses and their regimen are easily manageable during this month and may need not to be changed. Ramadan fasting is a healthy nonpharmacological means for improving cardiovascular risk factors. Most of the Muslims, who suffer from chronic diseases, insist on fasting Ramadan despite being exempted by religion. The Holy Quran specifically exempts the sick from fasting. This is particularly relevant if fasting worsens one's illness or delays recovery. Patients with unstable angina, recent myocardial infarction, uncontrolled hypertension, decompensated heart failure, recent cardiac intervention or cardiac surgery or any debilitating diseases should avoid fasting.
Troubleshooting during pacemaker implant in persistent left superior vena cava with absence of right superior vena cava (isolated persistent left superior vena cava)
Authors: Razi Mahmadulla , Madaan Amit , Goel Amit , Sinha Santosh Kumar
Published: April 2016

Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) with absence of right SVC (isolated PLSVC) is a rare congenital anomaly that occurs as a result of a degenerative condition in the left anterior cardinal vein. It is generally an incidental finding while performing invasive procedures such as antiarrhythmic device implantation. We report on a rare case of permanent pacemaker implantation in a patient with this anomaly from right subclavian route, albeit most of the earlier reported cases are from left subclavian approach. A wide spectrum of clinicians should be aware of this anomaly, its variations, and possible complications.
Prevalence of gingivitis and associated factors in 13–16-year-old adolescents in Greece
Authors: Chrysanthakopoulos Nikolaos Andreas
Published: April 2016

Background: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of gingivitis and investigate possible associations among gingivitis and socioeconomic, demographic variables and oral hygiene habits in a sample of adolescents in Greece. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 812 adolescents, 384 boys and 428 girls aged 13-16 years. All participants were clinically examined and answered questions regarding socioeconomic, demographic variables and oral hygiene habits. Statistical analysis of the questionnaire items was carried out by using a multiple logistic regression analysis models. Results: Five hundred and ninety-one adolescents were diagnosed as having gingivitis giving a prevalence rate 72.8%. Male gender (P < 0.05), lower parental educational (P < 0.01) and income level (P = 0.001), no regular dental follow-up (P < 0.001), no daily tooth-brushing (P < 0.001), no dental floss use (P < 0.001), presence of dental plaque (P < 0.001), and smoking (P < 0.001) were the most important associated factors of gingivitis. Conclusion: The study showed that gingivitis was associated with male gender, lower educational and income parental level, inadequate oral hygiene, the presence of dental plaque and smoking while the prevalence of this condition in the study sample was 72.8%.
Single application of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate paste-based paste prevents in vitro erosive wear
Authors: de Oliveira Daniela Silva Barroso , Santin Gabriela Cristina , Honório Heitor Marques , Rios Daniela , Gatón Patrícia Hernandes , da Silva Léa Assed Bezerra , Romano Fábio Lourenço , da Silva Raquel Assed Bezerra
Published: April 2016

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the effect of a single application of a casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate paste (CPP-ACP) in comparison with a fluoride varnish, in enamel of bovine teeth, after erosive challenge using cola soft drink. Materials and Methods: Forty-five enamel specimens were obtained from bovine teeth, selected according to the surface hardness and randomly divided into three groups: G1 – Fluoride varnish, G2 – CPP-ACP-based paste, and G3 – Control, without any treatment. The enamel specimens were treated using each group material and subjected to three daily erosive challenges by immersion of the specimens in cola soft drink for 5 min, during 5 days. Between the erosive cycles, the enamel specimens were immersed in artificial saliva. The initial profilometry (prechallenge) and the final profilometry (postchallenge) were used to evaluate the enamel loss. Statistical Analysis: Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey′s Test (P < 0.05). Results: The single application of CPP-ACP (G2: 4.17 ± 0.77 μm) resulted in less enamel loss compared to control (G3: 4.74 ± 0.52 μm) and higher enamel loss compared to fluoride varnish application (G1: 3.01 ± 0.45 μm) (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The CPP-ACP paste was effective in reducing enamel wear after erosive cycles, however, the best potential for erosion prevention was observed when using the fluoride varnish.
A Dance or a Marriage? The Relationship between Education and the Law in South Africa Some Personal Observations from Two Vantage Points
Authors: Beckmann Johan
Published: April 2016

This article deals with the debate in education and law circles about the convergence of the two fields of knowledge in an area conveniently called education law. It recognises that there is no universal acknowledgement of the existence of such a discipline.  

Although the article does not present a full scale analysis of the relationship between education and law, it does present some views emerging from the existence and functioning of two organisations in South Africa namely the South African Education Law Association (SAELA) and the Interuniversity Centre for Education Law and Policy (CELP). Both of the organisations aim to promote education law research and training. In light of the existing literature the relationship is likened to a marriage of convenience or a dance in which the quality of the relationship between the two fields varies.

The author examines and concurs with opinions that there are grounds to support the notion that a discrete field of inquiry named education law does exist in South Africa. However, the relationship still needs to be developed for the field to mature as an academic discipline. Among the problems that have to be addressed are the lack of interest in universities (especially law faculties at former English universities) in this field, the subsequent imbalance between educators and jurists active in the field and the failure of educational administrators to abide by the law even if they are aware of what the law requires. Added to this failure is a lack of knowledge among administrators of education law and the presence of a phenomenon termed the use of imagined power among them.

The article concludes that there are indications that the relationship between education and the law can lead to the development and promotion of a discrete field of law named education law.
The Nexus between the Rights to Life and to a Basic Education in South Africa
Authors: Serfontein Erika (EM)
Published: April 2016

This article aims at exploring the nexus between the fundamental rights to life and to a basic education within the ambit of the legal framework created by both the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 and the South African Schools Act 84 of 1996. Attention is drawn to the role of the law to order the living world humans live in an thus creating an emancipated framework allowing individuals a moral and self-sufficient life.The overarching goal of the supreme Constitution is to improve the quality of life of all citizens and ultimately to free everyone’s potential. In order to reach this goal and allow everyone to live a dignified life that it is worth living, the importance of education is highlighted.

As important source of education law, the objectives of the Schools Act, namely to (a) provide education of a progressively high quality, (b) lay a strong foundation for the development of humans’ talents and capabilities, (c) advance democratic transformation, (d) combat discrimination and intolerance, (e) assist the eradication of poverty and the well-being of society, (f) uphold learner rights and (g) promote the acceptance of responsibility are discussed and their practical realisation scrutinised. This lead to the author to establish the nexus between the two fundamental rights and to delineate the prominence of the delivering of a progressively high quality of education is provided to all South Africans to enhance their quality of life.

By taking regard of the role of the law in the sphere of education, the duties placed on all educational role-players to take responsibility for the delivery of educational services and be accountable therefore, are highlighted. The value of education was in this regard stressed in order to enable humans to take responsibility for their own lives, the conditions under which they live, the choices they make and the changes they bring about to better their lives.
The Role of Law in Prompting Parents to Participate Accountably with Education Partners
Authors: De Waal Elda , Serfontein Erika
Published: April 2016

Bearing in mind the previous Gauteng Education MEC’s recent indication that “discipline starts at home”, our article focuses on what South African law has contributed during the past 20 years to prompt parents participate accountably with partners in public school education, and how case law has defined parent accountability in this regard. Examples of relevant legislation would be those which assign the ultimate responsibility for learner conduct to parents, and call for a harmonious relationship between parents and educators. In line with the South African Schools Act’s requiring that parents partner with the State, educators and learners in accepting responsibility for their children’s schooling, this article highlights the need for a shared vision of the way forward. The importance of having such a shared vision to bring these disparate stakeholders’ aspirations together around the common goal, namely to develop all learners’ talents and capabilities, is underscored. The authors argue that factors such as reciprocal blame and a lack of cooperation are among the problems that hamper the full realisation in practice of the legislative provisions pertaining to parental accountability. Our article identifies solutions to this challenge, such as parents’ setting upright examples by behaving in an accountable manner, and recommendations, such as empowering parents for their roles as partners in education.
Why is it so Hard to Engage with Practices of the Informal Sector? Experimental Insights from the Indian E-Waste-Collective
Authors: Laser Stefan
Published: April 2016

Electronic waste is one of the biggest and dirtiest waste streams worldwide, endangering humans and non-humans especially in the 'global south'. The government of India issued a new law to deal with this issue in 2011: the ‘e-waste (Management and Handling) Rules’. This article reconstructs the process by which this law was developed over eight years with ethnographically collected data. It points particularly to the ways the law threatens parts of the informal sector. 'Refurbishers’, who repair used electronic items, are ignored—even though they initially played a crucial part in the newly composed value chain, including during early draft of the electronic waste law. Such informal practices were neglected because of the particular focus of the legislature on modern recycling. This occurred because of the eerie imagination attached to the object electronic waste. Based upon voices from the informal sector, an alternative to this imagination is introduced and critically discussed: 'juggad', a new ideal of the broken down. Taken together, the diplomatic endeavour in this article wants to do more than show that the values of informal sector practices such as refurbishment are not appreciated. The goal is to also describe why it is so hard to engage with these practices in the first place. Bruno Latour's new approach, developed in 'An Inquiry into Modes of Existence' (2013), helps unfolding the argument. This recent shift in the actor-network-theory (ANT) renders a postcolonial reconstruction of democracy feasible.
Dressing the Body: Introduction
Authors: Black Prudence , Findlay Rosie
Published: April 2016

This article provides a context for, and introduces, the articles in the themed section of this issue, 'Dressing the Body'.
Media and Power After Stuart Hall
Authors: Goggin Gerard
Published: April 2016

In commemorating Stuart Hall, I wish to pay particular attention to the importance of his work for understanding one of the great topics of contemporary culture— media.There is a long discussion to be had of Stuart Hall’s making and use of media, in various forms, from his early days of political activism, to television and film productions, videos and interviews. But his contribution to how we think about the media, to media theory and cultural theory of media, remains especially rich. What Hall has to teach us, and provoke us with, concerning media, is centrally about power
Modernism’s Rubber Sole
Authors: Steven Mark
Published: April 2016

A review of David Trotter, Literature in the First Media Age: Britain between the Wars (Harvard University Press, 2013).
When a silhouette appears male: Observer’s own physical fitness governs social categorization of sexually ambiguous stimuli
Authors: Kishimoto Reiki , Sasaki Kyoshiro , Gobara Akihiko , Ojiro Yuko , Nam Giyeon , Miura Kayo , Yamada Yuki
Published: April 2016

Categorization bias in social cognition is widely observed, as it is more beneficial to commit low-risk biases in order to reduce high-risk biases. Here, we hypothesized that a low capacity of self-protection leads to a biased social categorization of others as “harmful”. To examine this, silhouettes of human body, which had a sexually dimorphic cue (waist-to-hip ratio), were presented, and participants categorized the stimuli as being either “female” or “male”. Participants’ basic physical fitness was measured, and we manipulated exogenous physical load by either a heavy or a light backpack. Physical load did not significantly influence sex categorization. In contrast, only female participants tended to categorize the stimuli as “male” more, as basic physical fitness increased, suggesting that basic physical fitness, not physical load, affects sex categorization for females. Our findings shed new light on the role of fitness factors in social cognition.
Effect of sintering temperature on adhesion of spray-on piezoelectric transducers
Authors: Sinding Kyle M. , Orr Alison , Breon Luke , Tittmann Bernhard R.
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Conventionally sol-gel spray-on transducers require a high-temperature (> 700 °C) sintering process; however, this process can affect the microstructure of the substrate material. For mechanical elbows and valves utilized for fluid transport in the energy sector, the components are designed to have a specific microstructure, and deviations from these specifications can create weak points in the system. For this reason it is important to investigate how the temperature of the deposition process affects the substrate. This paper investigates the effect of high-temperature and low-temperature (< 150 °C) processing conditions on the surface composition of the substrate. Furthermore, the resultant transducers from high- and low-temperature fabrication processes are compared to determine if a low-temperature processing method is feasible. For these studies a sol-gel spray-on process is employed to deposit piezoelectric ceramics onto a stainless-steel 316L substrate. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy is utilized to determine the composition of the substrate surface before and after transducer deposition. Results indicate that the high-temperature processing conditions may alter the surface composition of the metal due to a diffusion of the metal into the ceramic, which results in a metal surface that is bonded to the ceramic. Furthermore, it is shown that low-temperature processing of spray-on transducers is a viable method for transducer fabrication where the resultant transducers meet the industry minimum requirement of 30 dB signal-to-noise ratio. In parallel simulation calculations, finite-element method (FEM) studies were performed to model the adhesive strength of the low-temperature processed transducer to the substrate surface. Comparisons between the simulations and experiments suggest that the bond strength is much greater than the commercial gel bonds and closer to hardened epoxy glue bonds. These results indicate that spray-on transducers fabricated under low-temperature processing conditions are a viable solution for leave-in-place monitoring of structures.
The Crucible of Faith: Justice and Liberation in the Work of Engelbert Mveng
Authors: Akinade Akintunde E.
Published: April 2016

This paper examines the thought of Engelbert Mveng, a Cameroonian artist, philosopher, historian, theologian, poet, an ordained Catholic priest, and the founder of the Movement of African Catholic Intellectuals (M.I.C.A.). He led a vigorous fight for the liberation of every day people, was labeled as an irredentist by many powerful forces in the country and was brutally murdered in his own home after celebrating mass in 1995. According to Prof. Akintunde E. Akinade, his theological vocation provides a useful lens for understanding the relevance of the Christian faith within the African continent.
Correlation between the Family Function Based on Circumplex Model and Students’ Internet Addiction in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2015
Authors: Salimi Atefe , Jahangiri Maryam , Ghaderzadeh Mahboobe , Mohammadkhani Arezoo , Hosseini Meimenat
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND & PURPOSE: University students deal with Internet with a variety of reasons. Internet great applications and attractions may cause increasing addiction to it; on the other hand the family function may affect the tendency to addiction. So, this study was conducted aimed to investigate the correlation between the family function based on Circumplex Model and students' Internet addiction in ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2015.

METHODS: In this correlational study, 664 students were selected by stratified random sampling method. The study tools included: Demographic Information Questionnaire, Young Internet Addiction Test (α=0.90) and Olson Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale(FACE III) (α=0.91). Data were analyzed by SPSS software Version 22.The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, percentage and frequency) and analytical statistics (t-test, Mann-Whitney U, Spearman correlation coefficient) methods.

FINDINGS: Findings showed, 79.2 percent of students did not have Internet addiction, 20.2 percent were at risk of addiction and 0.6 percent was addicted to the Internet. Female students were the most frequent users of the Internet among students (41.47% and p < 0.01) with the purpose of recreation and entertainment (79.5 percent). A significant negative correlation was seen between Internet addiction and cohesion (a family function aspect) (p<0.01), also a positive and significant relationship was seen between average time of using Internet every time, average weekly hours of Internet use and Internet addiction (p>0.01).

CONCLUSION: With regard to the degree of students' dependence to internet and the correlation between the family cohesion and Internet addiction, there is a need to make policy in the field of cohesion balance in the family and preventive and educational measures.
Snakes, Ladders, and Information about Sexually Transmitted Infections: Evaluation of a Peer Educator Training on the Thailand-Burma Border
Authors: Gedeon Jillian , Hkum Jessica , Hsue Saw Nanda , Walsh Meredith , Foster Angel M.
Published: April 2016

The longstanding conflict and civil strife in Burma has had significant consequences on the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) of ethnic minority groups, including adolescents. The Adolescent Reproductive Health Zone in Chiang Mai, Thailand promotes adolescent SRH rights and access to services by having peer educators travel to their hometowns in Burma and lead intensive youth-focused trainings on a variety of topics and issues. In order to evaluate the impact of an intensive three-day workshop dedicated to improving knowledge of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among peer educators through didactic, experiential, and skill-building exercises, we administered a pre-, post-, and longitudinal assessment. All 13 participants completed both the pre-test and post-test; 11 of 13 participants (85%) completed the longitudinal evaluation administered three months after the training. Our results indicate that both individual and aggregate STI knowledge increased from baseline and that this knowledge was retained. Moreover, the training increased participants’ confidence in their outreach abilities, informed changes in the curricular modules, and led to the implementation of new teaching and learning techniques, especially the incorporation of games and activities. Our findings showcase a successful initiative and suggest similar adolescent peer health educator programs could be undertaken in this protracted crisis and conflict setting.
2016/2 Transfer of undertaking requires overall assessment (DK)
Authors: Norrbom Mariann
Published: April 2016

2016/2 Transfer of undertaking requires overall assessment (DK)

The Danish Supreme Court recently affirmed that the transfer of a canteen contract to another operator following a tender process did not fall within the scope of the Danish Transfer of Undertakings Act.

The Danish Transfer of Undertakings Act applies to the transfer of an undertaking or part of an undertaking, meaning an economic entity which retains its identity. In the test of whether a transfer is a transfer within the meaning of the Act, an overall assessment of all facts surrounding the transfer must be made. This was the issue in this case before the Supreme Court.
2016/9 Employee lawfully dismissed for poor behaviour during investigation of her harassment claim (CY)
Authors: Papakyriacou Panayiota
Published: April 2016

2016/9 Employee lawfully dismissed for poor behaviour during investigation of her harassment claim (CY)

An employee’s behaviour during the investigation of a sexual harassment complaint that she had made against her manager was a crucial factor in the Court’s decision to dismiss her application for damages for unlawful termination and discrimination.
2016/11 Less favourable treatment over a series of fixed term contracts is sufficiently linked to amount to a ‘series of similar acts’ despite no continuity of employment (UK)
Authors: Coombes Helen
Published: April 2016

2016/11 Less favourable treatment over a series of fixed term contracts is sufficiently linked to amount to a ‘series of similar acts’ despite no continuity of employment (UK)

The Employment Appeal Tribunal (‘EAT’) held that a university lecturer’s complaints of less favourable treatment over a series of fixed term contracts were sufficiently linked to amount to ‘a series of similar acts’ and therefore could fall within the time limit of three months for bringing a claim in the Employment Tribunal.
An Overall Comparison of Small Molecules and Large Biologics in ADME Testing
Authors: Wan Hong
Published: April 2016

Biologics mainly monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) as new therapeutics are becoming increasingly important biotherapeutics. This review is intended to provide an overall comparison between small molecules (SMs) and biologics or large molecules (LMs) concerning drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic (DMPK) or associated with absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination (ADME) testing from pharmaceutical industry drug discovery and development points of view, which will help design and conduct relevant ADME testing for biologics such as mAbs and ADCs. Recent advancements in the ADME for testing biologics and related bioanalytical methods are discussed with an emphasis on ADC drug development as an example to understand its complexity and challenges from extensive in vitro characterization to in vivo animal PK studies. General non-clinical safety evaluations of biologics in particular for ADC drugs are outlined including drug-drug interaction (DDI) and metabolite/catabolite assessments. Regulatory guidance on the ADME testing and safety evaluations including immunogenicity as well as bioanalytical considerations are addressed for LMs. In addition, the preclinical and human PK data of two marked ADC drugs (ADCETRIS, SGN-35 and KADCYLA, T-DM1) as examples are briefly discussed with regard to PK considerations and PK/PD perspectives.
Em busca de uma Teologia Pública da Saúde
Authors: Mariano Alex Villas Boas Oliveira
Published: April 2016

A proposta de uma teologia pública da saúde visa o diálogo entre antropologia teológica e antropologias médicas e da saúde de modo a ampliar a percepção da saúde, não somente como fato, mas como valor. Mesmo um Estado Laico, suas tradições religiosas possuem hermenêuticas de saúde, ao interpretar a doença e a morte com razões religiosas distintas, ora conflitantes, ora cooperativas com as ciências da saúde. Ampliar essas hermenêuticas religiosas compondo a sabedoria de vida presente nas expressões religiosas e o conhecimento científico da área de saúde visa uma cooperação para interesses de bem comum da sociedade civil, como é a questão da saúde. Para essa reflexão, a escola de Cós combina a sabedoria mítica asclepíade e a ciência jônia. Os mitos de saúde nomeados no juramento hipocrático pertencem à tradição da teologia poética grega e indica uma espécie de credo no qual a medicina hipocrática professa, no qual o médico além de profissional também possui fé na vida e exerce o ofício de sacerdote da esperança. Interessa ainda o modo como o a teologia da saúde grega foi recebida pela teologia cristã, e como ambas desconstruíram suas teodiceias. Nessa recepção há um caminho para pensar uma teologia pública da saúde.

 
Women and Spread of Christianity
Authors: Di Berardino Angelo ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: April 2016

Two topics already studied to a sufficient extent are the spread of Christianity in the first centuries and the ministry of women in the early Church. This article focuses, however, on the contribution of women in making known the faith and Christian life in the context of everyday life. Some apostles were married and traveled together with their wives, who in turn spoke of their life with those with whom they came in contact. In this sense we may speak possibly of a ‘family’ apostolate. In the second and third centuries this mission took place especially inside their families among their husbands and children. Then, as now, grandmothers and mothers were the vehicles of transmission of the Christian faith, in as much as they taught to the children their first prayers and the foundational elements of the faith.
George Pachymeres’ Gnoseological System
Authors: Petridou Lydia , Terezis Christos ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: April 2016

This study deals both with the gnoseological system of the byzantine theologian George Pachymeres, which is constructed on the methods of the affirmative, negative and superlative theology and the inductive method that he follows at his Paraphrase of De divinus nominibus of Dionysius the Areopagite, in order general conclusions on causality to be expressed. In the context of a consistent ontological monism, G. Pachymeres, without violating the epistemological approach of the Supreme Principle as Unknown, categorizes the sensible facts according to the similarities and the differences between them, so as to present God as the only cause of the produced world.
Newly identified Augustinian and Pseudo-Augustinian Texts in Manuscripts of Bodleian Library, Oxford
Authors: Drobner Hubertus R. ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: April 2016

The article presents 111 newly-identified texts in manuscripts of the Bodleian Library, Oxford, which had hitherto all been attributed to Augustine of Hippo. Only thirty of them, however, proved to be authentic, fifty originate from works of other patristic and medieval authors, while thirty-one remain anonymous. Especially remarkable is the identification of two fragments from the new letters of St Augustine discovered by Johannes Divjak in Paris and Marseille, which predate the two manuscripts of his edition. These results complement the catalogues on the manuscript transmission of Augustine’s works compiled by the Vienna Academy and continue the Author’s earlier publications on manuscripts in Germany, Great Britain, Poland, Spain, and Sweden.
Altered potassium channel distribution and composition in myelinated axons suppresses hyperexcitability following injury
Authors: Calvo Margarita , Richards Natalie , Schmid Annina B , Barroso Alejandro , Zhu Lan , Ivulic Dinka , Zhu Ning , Anwandter Philipp , Bhat Manzoor A , Court Felipe A , McMahon Stephen B , Bennett David LH
Published: April 2016

Neuropathic pain following peripheral nerve injury is associated with hyperexcitability in damaged myelinated sensory axons, which begins to normalise over time. We investigated the composition and distribution of shaker-type-potassium channels (Kv1 channels) within the nodal complex of myelinated axons following injury. At the neuroma that forms after damage, expression of Kv1.1 and 1.2 (normally localised to the juxtaparanode) was markedly decreased. In contrast Kv1.4 and 1.6, which were hardly detectable in the naïve state, showed increased expression within juxtaparanodes and paranodes following injury, both in rats and humans. Within the dorsal root (a site remote from injury) we noted a redistribution of Kv1-channels towards the paranode. Blockade of Kv1 channels with α-DTX after injury reinstated hyperexcitability of A-fibre axons and enhanced mechanosensitivity. Changes in the molecular composition and distribution of axonal Kv1 channels, therefore represents a protective mechanism to suppress the hyperexcitability of myelinated sensory axons that follows nerve injury.
Intrinsic asymmetry in chiral domain walls due to the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction
Authors: Kim Dae-Yun , Kim Duck-Ho , Choe Sug-Bong
Published: April 2016

We present an analytical description of the energy density of chiral magnetic domain walls (DWs) that considers variations in DW width. Surprisingly, under the application of a longitudinal in-plane magnetic field, the DW width varies abnormally, resulting in an asymmetric variation of the DW energy density. Such asymmetry is attributable to the nonlinear contribution to the effective magnetic field from the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction. The formation of such asymmetric DWs is confirmed by a micromagnetic simulation. The present prediction proposes a possible origin of the experimental asymmetry related to chiral damping.
Crystal structure instability of FeSe grains: Formation of non-superconducting phase at the grain surface
Authors: Izawa Hiroki , Tanaka Yuji , Mizuguchi Yoshikazu , Miura Osuke
Published: April 2016

We investigated the magnetization and crystal structure of FeSe polycrystalline samples with various grain sizes. For the samples with large grains, a large magnetic critical current density J
c was observed. For the samples with small grains, superconductivity signals were not observed; instead, magnetization hysteresis, which is not a result of superconductivity, was observed. In the X-ray diffraction pattern for the samples with small grains, broad additional peaks were observed, corresponding to the formation of the non-superconducting (monoclinic) Fe–Se phase at the FeSe grain surface. The crystal structure instability at the grain surface would be the reason for the low superconducting properties of the Fe-chalcogenide polycrystalline wires investigated thus far.
Structural and optical study of core–shell InGaN layers of nanorod arrays with multiple stacks of InGaN/GaN superlattices for absorption of longer solar spectrum
Authors: Bae Si-Young , Jung Byung Oh , Lekhal Kaddour , Lee Dong-Seon , Deki Manato , Honda Yoshio , Amano Hiroshi
Published: April 2016

We report on the material and optical properties of core–shell InGaN layers grown on GaN nanorod arrays. The core–shell InGaN layers were well grown on polarization-reduced surfaces such as semipolar pyramids and nonpolar sidewalls. In addition, to compensate the biaxial strain between GaN and InGaN layers, we grew interlayers underneath a thick InGaN layer. Here, the interlayers were composed of multiple superlattice structures. We could observe that the indium composition of core–shell InGaN structures increased with the number of interlayers. This indicates that the absorption energy band of InGaN alloys can be better matched to the spectral irradiance of the solar spectrum in nature. We also implemented a simulation of Ga-polar and nonpolar InGaN-based solar cells based on the indium composition obtained from the experiments. The result showed that nonpolar InGaN solar cells had a much higher efficiency than Ga-polar InGaN solar cells with the same thickness of the absorption layer.
The Content of Beginning Special Educators' Conversations with Their Electronic Mentors
Authors: Gentry Roberta
Published: April 2016

This exploratory study examined the frequency and content of text-based interactions between special education mentors (n=22) and mentees (n=50) within the Electronic Mentoring for Student Success Program (eMSS). Perceived outcomes of participants, based on an open ended survey question, were also analyzed. The Interstate Teacher Assessment and Support Continuum (InTASC) Model Core Standards (2011) were used to qualitatively code the conversations between novice teachers and their mentors. Support for all standards was found with learning environments (n=850), professional learning and ethical practices (n=878), and leadership and collaboration (n=906) being the most common topics of discussion. However, several standards (i.e. assessment and content knowledge) were difficult to code because demonstration is required which cannot be observed in an asynchronous site. Frequency of interactions revealed a surprising result that mentors posted (n=675) twice as often as mentees (n=322). Mentees reported perceived outcomes in three main areas: collaboration, pedagogical knowledge, and emotional support.
Large Particle Sorting to Isolate Live Parasitic Nematode Eggs
Authors: Schmidt Alfonso , Bouchery Tiffany , Le Gros Graham , Price Kylie M.
Published: April 2016

Traditional jet‐in‐air cell sorters have been designed and optimized to isolate small particles such as mammalian lymphocytes with an average diameter of 10 μm. We discuss the practical considerations of setting up a conventional jet‐in‐air cell sorter, using a 200‐μm nozzle, to isolate the large parasitic nematode eggs of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, with a maximum size of 60 μm. The eggs were separated based on light scattering properties, no fluorescent dye or molecule was required. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: On the Crystal Structure of a Previously Unknown Anhydrous Zinc Hydroxide Sulfate.
Authors: Germann Luzia S. , Dinnebier Robert E. , Liu Xin , Dong Yaping , Li Wu
Published: April 2016

The crystal structure of 5[Zn(OH)2]·2[ZnSO4] is determined by powder XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Structures, and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Two Sulfides Na2In2MS6 (M: Si, Ge).
Authors: Li Shu‐Fang , Liu Bin‐Wen , Zhang Ming‐Jian , Fan Yu‐Hang , Zeng Hui‐Yi , Guo Guo‐Cong
Published: April 2016

Single crystals of Na2In2MS6 (M: Si, Ge) are prepared by solid state reaction of a 3:1:1:5 molar mixture of Na2S, In, Si (Ge), and S (evacuated quartz tubes, 1.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoluminescence and Afterglow of Deep Red Emitting SrSc2O4:Eu2+.
Authors: Mueller Matthias , Volhard Max‐Fabian , Juestel Thomas
Published: April 2016

Sr1‐xSc2O4:xEu2+ (x = 0—0.05) and SrSc2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ are prepared by calcination of stoichiometric amounts of SrCO3, Sc2O3, Eu2O3, and Dy2O3 (Mo boat, 1400 °C, 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetism, Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of TbNiGe2.
Authors: Gupta Sachin , Suresh K. G. , Lukoyanov A. V. , Knyazev Yu. V. , Kuz'min Yu. I.
Published: April 2016

Polycrystalline TbNiGe2 is prepared by arc melting of the elements followed by annealing (evacuated quartz tubes, 800 °C, 7 d).