bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tuning Excitation Field Frequency for Magnetic Particle Sensing using Superparamagnetic Quantifier
Authors: Horstman-van de Loosdrecht Melissa M. , Kahmann Tamara , Ludwig Frank , Alic Lejla
Published: December 2022

Nonlinear handheld detection of magnetic nanoparticles is used to assess the lymph node status of cancer patients. Joint sensitivity and resolving power of nonlinear handheld detection can be maximized by optimizing the frequency of the excitation field, which is strongly influenced
by Brownian and Néel relaxation. The characteristic frequency of magnetic nanoparticles that defines sensitivity and resolving power is usually assessed by AC susceptometry. In this study, we used SPaQ data to predict handheld detection performance for magnetic nanoparticles with various
particle sizes. SPaQ assesses dynamics by measuring the derivative of the magnetization originating from magnetic nanoparticles activated by an alternating excitation field. The ratio between the maximum signal difference and full-width-at-half-maximumis used to estimate the optimal excitation
frequency. Thereupon, it was shown that a particle with a combination of Brownian and Néel relaxation is superior in nonlinear handheld detection compared to Brownian or Néel only particles. Moreover, the optimal excitation frequency is generally established at a slightly higher
frequency compared to the characteristic frequency assessed by AC susceptometry. Consequently, this insight into the consequences of the dynamic behavior of magnetic nanoparticles under an alternating magnetic field enables the optimization of nonlinear handheld detection for specific clinical
applications.
PM2.5 is a risk factor of hypertension: A study on regression model for risk factors of hypertension
Authors: Zhang Huiying , Zheng Lei
Published: December 2022

Objective: In this prospective observational research, we aimed to explore the association among PM2.5 concentration, hypertension and clinical factors in Taiyuan at different times by regression analysis. Methods: This prospective observational research enrolled 95 cases
with hypertension and 98 healthy individuals who went to our hospital during March 2017 to September 2018. PM2.5 concentrations data were collected from the national urban air quality report released by China environmental monitoring station. Age, BMI and sex of all subjects were recorded.
DBP, SBP, cytokines and VEGF, ANG-2, white blood cells (WBC), fibrinogen (Fib), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and lipid metabolic factors levels of all subjects were collected in the first week of each month during November 2018 to October 2019. Results: The PM2.5 concentration of winter
spring (WS) group were remarkably increased than that in summary autumn (SA) group. Meanwhile, the SBP and DBP of patients with hypertension in WS group were markedly elevated than that in SA group. Similar results were showed in the healthy volunteers. The TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β,
VEGF, Fib and TC levels of patients with hypertension in WS group were dramatically enhanced than the SA group. Positive correlation was observed between PM2.5 concentration and IL-6, VEGF, FPG, IL-1β and TC. PM2.5 concentration and FPG, TC, TG, IL-6, VEGF were the risk factors
for hypertension. Conclusion: This study showed that SBP and DBP increased when PM2.5 concentration raised. PM2.5 concentration was related to the clinical factors of patients with hypertension.
Drug resistance reversal and survivin action mechanism of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles on hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Chen Jiacheng , Chen Xiaojing , Chen Liang , Luo Xiangxiang , Zhuang Chunyu , Wu Jincai
Published: December 2022

We herein studied mechanism of drug resistance reversal and survivin action of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles on hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Fe3O4 was prepared and co-cultured with HepG2/Adriamycin (ADM). Results showed that, A value of
liver cancer group was lower than that multidrug resistance group at different time points (P <0.05). The A value of multidrug resistance at different time points was higher than nano group (P <0.05). Compared with liver cancer, multidrug resistance group showed different
degrees of resistance to ADM, cisplatin (DDP), 5-FU and Vincristine (VCR), with drug resistance indexes of 32.57, 4.58, 4.16 and 4.73, respectively. After HepG2/ADM cells were treated with Fe3O4 for 48 h, drug-resistant cells sensitivity to 4 drugs was enhanced and IC50
decreased significantly, while reversal times of drug resistance were 3.65, 3.48, 2.67, and 2.58 times, respectively. Moreover, apoptosis rate of hepatoma group (52.31±4.28) was lower than that of multidrug resistance group (74.25±6.81) (P <0.05). The apoptosis rate
of multidrug resistance group was higher than that of nano group (22.41±3.14) (P <0.05). Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and survivin gene and protein expressions in HCC group were less than multidrug resistance group (P <0.05). STAT3 and
survivin gene and protein expressions in the multidrug resistance group were greater than nano group (P <0.05). In conclusion, Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles may facilitate reversal and apoptosis of liver cancer multidrug resistant cells by inhibiting the expression
of survivin.
Diammonium glycyrrhizinate nanoliposomes impede tumor necrosis factor-α pathway to affect oxidative stress response in rats with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Shen Yan , Ni Siyi , Liu Yingchao , Li Si , Mo Dayu , Lv Bin
Published: December 2022

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a inflammatory disease. Herein we explored the impact of diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG)-nanoliposomes on inflammation and oxidative stress in rats. DG-nanoliposomes were prepared, and the rats with UC were grouped into nanoliposome group, DG group, DG-nanoliposome
group and blank group. Then we quantified the levels of IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and Lactoperoxidase (LPO) in rats from each group by tissue biochemistry staining, and the protein levels of NF-κB p65 were detected by Western Blot (WB). The drug-loading
capacity and efficiency of DG-nanoliposomes were 27.0% and 52.0%, respectively. A significantly increased Zeta potential was recorded in the DG-nanoliposomes compared to the unloaded nanoliposomes (P <0.05). The expression of IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and
LPO in rats receiving DG-nanoliposome s were remarkably lower than those receiving other treatments (P <0.05). A significant reduction of NF-κB p65 was detected in the samples from the DG-nanoliposome group compared to those receiving other treatments (P <0.05).
In this study, DG-nanoliposomes were prepared and used for UC treatment in rats. The results proved that DG-nanoliposomes can regulate oxidative stress by inhibiting the TNF-α signaling pathway. Eventually, TNF-α, IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β, LPO and NF-κB
p65 in UC rats were reduced, thereby improving the curative effect of DG-nanoliposomes on UC rats. However, some potential limitations still exist in this study, including the insufficient sample size and the limitation of the animal experiment. Despite limitations, DG-nanoliposomes are still
a promising strategy in the field of UC therapy with great potential for clinical translation.
Complications and Outcomes of Endovascular Embolization for Intractable Epistaxis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Bonnici Maximilian , Orabi Norman A. , Gannon Michael , Williams Nathan , Stokes Cara M. , Ramadan Hassan H. , Turner Meghan T. , Makary Chadi A.
Published: December 2022

Objectives:

Endovascular embolization has emerged as an effective treatment for intractable epistaxis. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to calculate the rates of success, rebleeds, and complications and to identify the etiologies and complications of patients who undergo endovascular embolization.

Methods:

This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted per the guidelines set forth by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Articles were extracted from Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central and were filtered by a systematic review process using Rayyan software. A random-effects model was used to quantify the rates success, rebleeds, and complications.

Results:

Forty-two studies were included, totaling 1660 patients. The pooled success rate was 89% (95% confidence interval [CI] 86%-92%) and the pooled rebleed rate was 19% (95% CI 16%-22%). The pooled minor complication rate was 18% (95% CI 11%-27%). The most common major complication was soft tissue necrosis followed by stroke. The most common minor complication was facial pain. No minor complications were reported to be permanent. Of the patients who failed initial embolization, 42% underwent repeat embolization and 34% underwent surgical arterial ligation.

Conclusions:

Endovascular embolization is an effective treatment for intractable epistaxis. The decision to perform embolization should be carefully weighed given the rare but significant major complications.
The Wet’suwet’en Nation’s Mobilization of Indigenous Focusing Oriented Therapy: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Panofsky Sarah , Buchanan Marla J. , Wilat (Susan Alfred) Ts’akë ze’ , Madeek (Jeffrey Brown) Dinï ze’ , Neekupdeh (Daren George) Dinï ze’ , Smogelgem (Warner Naziel) Dinï ze’ , Woodman Gretchen , Brown Tanya , Lewis Russell , We’es Tes (Sandra Harris) Ts’akë ze’ , Wilawhl (Lorraine Naziel) Ts’akë ze’ , Dumont Jeremy , Andrew Jolene , Ferguson Alanaise , Hare Jan , John Roger
Published: December 2022

Indigenous mental health research is beginning to address colonization, however, Indigenous approaches to wellness have largely been overlooked. There is a paucity of research exploring psychological trauma interventions with Indigenous peoples. The Wet’suwet’en hereditary chiefs recognize the profound impacts of historical trauma among their people and are utilizing Indigenous focusing oriented therapy (IFOT), a trauma model that is collective, land-based, and intergenerational, as a part of their wellness framework. This collaborative research study explored the question: How is IFOT shaped by Wet’suwet’en ways of knowing and mobilized by individuals, families, house groups, and the Nation? Wet’suwet’en IFOT practitioners participated in sharing circles for data collection and interpretation. The exploratory findings revealed that the strategic application of IFOT by Wet’suwet’en hereditary chiefs created a culturally relevant model for land-based healing wherein Wet’suwet’en people were able to experience greater connection with their own yintah (land) and c’idede’ (history).
The made and the made-up
Authors: Winter Steven L.
Published: December 2022

Truth is an ethical relation. Facts, whether descriptions of the physical world or of historical events, are necessarily mediated by our frames of reference. This contingency opens a space for disagreement that cannot be adjudicated by an absolute standard of truth. For those seeking power or profit, the temptation to exploit this state of undecidability is strong. When many question the institutions that broker meaning – science, the professions, the media – rumors, misinformation, deliberate distortions and falsehoods all proliferate. In the digital age, the ‘made’ is swiftly supplanted by the made-up. The remedy for this predicament is not technological or factual, but ethical and social. The normative resources for this project lie in our everyday ethic of communication and in the ideal of democracy as shared authority. Whether we can address this predicament effectively is uncertain. But the nature of the problem is clear: It is not that we live in a ‘post-truth’ age, but rather that we are facing a crisis of democratic society as such. It is not so much that we lost sight of truth, as that we have lost sight of one another.
The dynamic pulmonary functional change after thoracoscopic lower lobe segmentectomy
Authors: Kuroda Sanae , Tane Shinya , Kitamura Yoshitaka , Maniwa Yoshimasa , Nishio Wataru
Published: December 2022

Background

The advantages of segmentectomy over lobectomy in sparing pulmonary function remain controversial. Lower lobe segmentectomy is divided into simple segmentectomy, such as segment 6; and complex segmentectomy that includes the basal segments. Here, we compared residual lung function after thoracoscopic segmentectomy versus lobectomy in the lower lobe using the three-dimensional computed tomography volumetric method.

Methods

Between January 2012 and October 2020, 67 patients who underwent thoracoscopic segmentectomy of the lower lobe were matched to 67 patients who underwent thoracoscopic lower lobectomy during the same period using propensity score matching analysis. The postoperative decrease in the rate of forced expiratory volume in 1 s was compared between methods. The regional forced expiratory volume in 1 s of the residual lobe rescued by segmentectomy was measured using volumetric and spirometric analyses and compared to lower lobectomy. The ratio of the actual to predicted postoperative forced expiratory volume in 1 s in the residual lobe was defined as the preservation rate.

Results

Of the 67 thoracoscopic segmentectomies, 43 were S6, seven were S8, three were S8  +  9, seven were S10, and seven were S9  +  10. The percentage of postoperative/preoperative forced expiratory volume in 1 s was significantly higher in the segmentectomy versus lobectomy group (90.7% vs. 85.7%, p  =  0.001). The preservation rates after simple segmentectomy ( n  =  43) and complex segmentectomy ( n  =  24) did not differ significantly (82.2% vs. 80.2%, p  =  0.709).

Conclusions

Thoracoscopic lower lobe segmentectomy versus lobectomy preserves postoperative lung function. Even complex segmentectomy exhibited outcomes relevant to simple segmentectomy by sparing the residual lobe.
The Reciprocal Relationship Between Social Engagement and Cognitive Function Among Older Adults in South Korea
Authors: Son Joonmo , Sung Pildoo
Published: December 2022

A greater number of studies have examined the impact of social engagement on cognitive function rather than the other way around, leaving their reciprocal association underexplored. Furthermore, formal and informal social engagement are not differentiated, although they may have independent relationships with cognitive function. This study aims to identify (1) whether informal and formal social engagements are effective in maintaining cognitive health and (2) if cognitive function has a bidirectional effect on social engagement. The study applies a dynamic panel data structural equation modeling with a maximum likelihood estimator (ML-SEM) to the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) data. The results confirm that frequent participation in organizational activities is more robustly associated with cognitive function than memberships or informal social contact. Concerning the bidirectional relationship, the cognitive function increases the degrees of informal and formal engagement. The study thus validates a reciprocal association between social engagement and cognitive function.
The processes and context of innovation in mental healthcare: Oxfordshire as a case study
Authors: Hall John , Armstrong Neil , Agulnik Peter , Fees Craig , Kennard David , Leach Jonathan , Millard David
Published: December 2022

This article introduces the four following articles and the Classic Text. They describe the development of a sequence of innovative local mental health services in Oxfordshire, and explore the processes of innovation, led by the humane pragmatism practised by Dr Bertram Mandelbrote, who was Physician Superintendent at Littlemore Hospital in Oxford from 1959 to 1988. The articles describe emerging patterns of therapeutic community practice, and trace the events leading to a set of discrete service developments outside the hospital. Together, they suggest a positive role for chance in these developments, and a focus on the then prevailing national and local regulatory culture. The Classic Text by David Millard provides an overview of the origins of the therapeutic community movement.
Examining ACCURE’s Nurse Navigation Through an Antiracist Lens: Transparency and Accountability in Cancer Care
Authors: Griesemer Ida , Lightfoot Alexandra F. , Eng Eugenia , Bosire Claire , Guerrab Fatima , Kotey Amanda , Alexander Kimberly M. , Baker Stephanie , Black Kristin Z. , Dixon Crystal , Ellis Katrina R. , Foley Karen , Goettsch Christina , Moore Antionette , Ryals Cleo A. , Smith Beth , Yongue Christina , Cykert Samuel , Robertson Linda B.
Published: December 2022

There are persistent disparities in the delivery of cancer treatment, with Black patients receiving fewer of the recommended cancer treatment cycles than their White counterparts on average. To enhance racial equity in cancer care, innovative methods that apply antiracist principles to health promotion interventions are needed. The parent study for the current analysis, the Accountability for Cancer Care through Undoing Racism and Equity (ACCURE) intervention, was a system-change intervention that successfully eliminated the Black–White disparity in cancer treatment completion among patients with early-stage breast and lung cancer. The intervention included specially trained nurse navigators who leveraged real-time data to follow-up with patients during their treatment journeys. Community and academic research partners conducted thematic analysis on all clinical notes (n = 3,251) written by ACCURE navigators after each contact with patients in the specialized navigation arm (n = 162). Analysis was informed by transparency and accountability, principles adapted from the antiracist resource Undoing Racism and determined as barriers to treatment completion through prior research that informed ACCURE. We identified six themes in the navigator notes that demonstrated enhanced accountability of the care system to patient needs. Underlying these themes was a process of enhanced data transparency that allowed navigators to provide tailored patient support. Themes include (1) patient-centered advocacy, (2) addressing system barriers to care, (3) connection to resources, (4) re-engaging patients after lapsed treatment, (5) addressing symptoms and side effects, and (6) emotional support. Future interventions should incorporate transparency and accountability mechanisms and examine the impact on racial equity in cancer care.
What drug to buy? generic brand substitution in base of the pyramid markets: Evidence from Ghana
Authors: Darmoe Joseph , Ofori-Boateng Kenneth
Published: December 2022

Prescription brand substitution also known as generic substitution (GS)is a worldwide phenomenon. In the pharmaceutical industry, growth of the generic drug market implies growth in the number and types of substitutes for ethical (innovator) pharmaceutical products. This threat is relevant mainly due to the comparatively lower prices of these substitutes. Ultimately, prescription brand substitution renders the various marketing efforts and investments of the affected pharmaceutical companies fruitless. The efforts in the literature have focused more on cost as the reason but there seems to be more reasons than cost in developing countries like Ghana. The study examined the marketing-related impacts of prescription brand substitution at community pharmacies in Ghana. Utilizing the ideas of Porter’s five competitive forces model, specifically the threat of substitute products and services, the study which is cross-sectional, deductive and descriptive survey in nature, used a mix of cluster sampling and purposive sampling to arrive at a final sample size of 50 pharmacies and 9 pharmaceutical companies,. Data collected were analysed using simple linear regression and descriptive statistics. Weak but statistically significant relationship between frequency of pharmacy calls and nature of drug substitution was observed. Also, prescription brand substitution is prevalent at community pharmacies in Ghana, and that ethical companies are the most affected. Pharmacy front line staff and patients played contributory roles in this phenomenon. It is recommended that Ethical pharmaceutical companies should acknowledge, plan and act in order to minimize the competitive effects of prescription brand substitution
Dasatinib-induced spleen contraction leads to transient lymphocytosis
Authors: Marcos-Jiménez Ana , Carvoeiro Daniela Claudino , Ruef Nora , Cuesta-Mateos Carlos , Roy-Vallejo Emilia , Gómez-García de Soria Valle , Laganá Claudio , del Campo Lourdes , Zubiaur Pablo , Villapalos-García Gonzalo , Abad-Santos Francisco , Stein Jens V. , Muñoz-Calleja Cecilia
Published: December 2022

The tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib is approved for Philadelphia chromosome–positive leukemia, including chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Although effective and well tolerated, patients typically exhibit a transient lymphocytosis after dasatinib uptake. To date, the underlying physiological process linking dasatinib to lymphocytosis remains unknown. Here, we used a small rodent model to examine the mechanism of dasatinib-induced lymphocytosis, focusing on lymphocyte trafficking into and out of secondary lymphoid organs. Our data indicate that lymphocyte homing to lymph nodes and spleen remained unaffected by dasatinib treatment. In contrast, dasatinib promoted lymphocyte egress from spleen with kinetics consistent with the observed lymphocytosis. Unexpectedly, dasatinib-induced lymphocyte egress occurred independently of canonical sphingosine-1-phosphate–mediated egress signals; instead, dasatinib treatment led to a decrease in spleen size, concomitant with increased splenic stromal cell contractility, as measured by myosin light chain phosphorylation. Accordingly, dasatinib-induced lymphocytosis was partially reversed by pharmacological inhibition of the contraction-promoting factor Rho-rho associated kinase. Finally, we uncovered a decrease in spleen size in patients with CML who showed lymphocytosis immediately after dasatinib treatment, and this reduction was proportional to the magnitude of lymphocytosis and dasatinib plasma levels. In summary, our work provides evidence that dasatinib-induced lymphocytosis is a consequence of drug-induced contractility of splenic stromal cells.
The association between the number of teeth and frailty among older nursing home residents: a cross-sectional study of the CLHLS survey
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Ming , Jiao Jing , Cao Jing , Wu Xinjuan
Published: December 2022

Background

Given that few studies have explored the association between oral health and frailty among older nursing home residents, the purpose of this study was to assess the association between oral health (i.e., the number of teeth and oral behaviors) and frailty in this population using the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS).

Methods

This was a national cross-sectional study derived from the seventh wave of CLHLS in 2018, consisting of 365 older nursing home residents aged 65 years or older. The frailty index was constructed based on 32 variables consisting of self-rated health status, anxiety, depression, ADL and IADL. Oral health was measured through the number of natural teeth and tooth brushing behavior. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify this association between the number of teeth, oral health behaviors, and frailty.

Results

The mean age of this sample was 87.6 (SD = 9.5), with 154 (42.2%) males. The prevalence of frailty and edentulism was 71.2% and 33.4%, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis found that the likelihood of frailty decreased with an increased number of teeth, with an OR of 0.94 (95% CI: 0.91–0.98). Compared with participants with edentulism, older adults with 1 to 20 teeth had a lower likelihood of frailty (OR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.17–0.88); these results were also found in older adults with more than 20 teeth (OR = 0.20, 0.07–0.57). Additionally, older adults who brush their teeth regularly have a lower likelihood of frailty than those who never brush their teeth (OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.13–0.99).

Conclusion

Older nursing home residents who maintain their natural teeth can help lower the risk of frailty, and regular toothbrushing also contributes to decreasing the risk of frailty. Our study emphasizes the importance of oral health, and cohort studies with large-scale samples to address this important issue are warranted in the future.
The ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa grown in Korea exhibits anti-neuroinflammatory effects by activating of nuclear transcription factor erythroid-2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway
Authors: Kim Kwan-Woo , Lee Young-Seob , Yoon Dahye , Kim Geum-Soog , Lee Dae Young
Published: December 2022

Background

Curcuma longahas been used as spices, food preservative, coloring material, and traditional medicine. This plant also has long been used for a variety of diseases including dyslipidemia, stomach disorders, arthritis, and hepatic diseases. The aim of the present investigation was to examine the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of the 50% ethanolic extract ofC. longain lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV2 microglial cells.

Methods

Griess reaction was employed to measure the production of nitric oxide (NO), and the levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were determined by using profit ELISA kits. Western blotting was used to determine the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2).

Results

Pre-treatment with CLE inhibited the overproduction and overexpression of pro-inflammatory mediators including NO, PGE2, iNOS, COX-2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in LPS-induced BV2 cells. In addition, CLE suppressed the activation of the NF-κB and three MAPK signaling pathways. Treatment with CLE induced HO-1 protein expression by activating Nrf2 pathway, and inhibiting the HO-1 expression reversed the anti-inflammatory effect of CLE.

Conclusion

CLE showed anti-neuroinflammatory effects against LPS-induced microglial cells activation through the inhibition of production and expression of pro-inflammatory mediators by negative regulation of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. These anti-neuroinflammatory effects of CLE were mediated by HO-1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Taken together, the present study suggests a potent effect of CLE to prevent neuroinflammatory diseases. It is necessary to perform additional efficacy evaluation through in vivo experiments.
Underrepresented in medicine students’ perspectives on impactful medical education
Authors: Bazargan-Hejazi Shahrzad , Negrete Manriquez Jose A. , McDermoth-Grimes Monique , Parra Elisabeth Alexandra , Prothrow-Stith Deborah
Published: December 2022

Background

Exploring the perceptions of underrepresented in medicine (URiM) students about the medical education curriculum and learning environment could optimize their education outcomes. The current study delineated perceptions of URiM medical students about the unique elements and characteristics of an impactful medical education program that create a positive, supportive learning environment culture.

Methods

We conducted in-depth interviews with 15 URiM students between January 2018 and April 2018. Interviewees were recruited from an accredited medical education program in Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). The University is also a member of the Hispanic Association of Colleges and Universities in the U.S. The main question that guided the study was, “What do URiM students at a Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU) medical school believe would make a medical education program (MEP) impactful?” We used the grounded theory analytical approach and performed content analysis via qualitative thematic evaluation.

Results

Of 112 enrolled medical students (MS), 15 verbally consented to participation. We identified four general themes and several subthemes. The themes include 1) Grounding learning in the community; 2) Progressive system-based practice competency; 3) Social justice competency and 4) Trauma-informed medical education delivery. Theme 1 included the following subthemes (a) community engagement, and (b) student-run clinic, mobile clinic, and homeless clinic rotations. Theme 2 includes (a) interprofessional learning and (b) multidisciplinary medicine for cultivating a ‘just’ healthcare system. Theme 3 includes (a) longitudinal social justice curriculum, (b) advocacy, and (c) health disparity research. Theme 4 had the following subdomains (a) early and ongoing mentoring and (b) provision of supportive policies, services and practices to maximize learning and mental health.

Conclusion

Our learners found that social justice, trauma-informed, community-based curricula are impactful for URiM learners. These findings highlight the need for further research to assess the impact of permeating the championship culture, community cultural wealth, and transformational education in all aspects of the MEP in providing a supporting and positive learning environment for URiM students.
The effects of orthodontic treatment on personal dental expenditures in South Korea: a follow-up study using Korean health panel survey
Authors: Kim Bo-Ra , Cho Han-A , Shin Hosung
Published: December 2022

Background

This study aimed to investigate the effects of orthodontic treatment on cumulative out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures for up to 8 years and the factors contributing to changes in individual OOP dental expenses.

Methods

The data of adults aged ≥19 years, 218 with experience of orthodontic treatment (OT group) and 654 without experience of orthodontic treatment (non-OT group) were extracted from the Korea Health Panel Survey between 2009 and 2017 using the propensity score matching method. The total personal OOP expenditure for dental care incurred after orthodontic treatment in the OT group and that incurred in the matched non-OT group were calculated. Since dependent variables, cumulative dental expenditures, were continuous with excess zeros, Tweedie compound Poisson linear models were used to explore the influence of orthodontic treatment experience and demographic and socioeconomic factors, including private insurance, on per capita OOP dental expenditures.

Results

The OT group had socioeconomic characteristics distinct from those of general dental patients. The Box–Cox transformed per capita OOP expenditures for dental care in the OT group were lower than those in the non-OT group (P< 0.05). When all covariates were held constant, the non-OT group spent 1.4-times more on OOP dental expenditures, but this was not statistically significant (P> 0.1). The data from those with higher incomes revealed the opposite trend (P< 0.05), while the other covariates were not statistically significant.

Conclusions

Orthodontic treatment had no positive or negative effect on future oral care use. This finding is similar to the inconsistent results of previous clinical studies on oral health and orthodontic treatment.
Understanding the impact of unequal utilization of medical services on the consumption of resources in hemophilia
Authors: Li Lele , He Xiaotong , Li Yixuan , Chen Xiangyu , Wang Xue , Li Chunhou
Published: December 2022

Objective

Unequal utilization of medical services will have a significant impact on the consumption of resources entitled through health insurance claims of patients. With the proposal of the goal of Healthy China, it is essential to achieve the equity of medical service utilization of patients with rare diseases to further promote social equity and justice. To analyze the consumption of medical resources of rare disease patients, so as to explore how different medical insurance types impact patients’ medical resources consumption. This study pioneeringly used medical data from Peking Union Medical College Hospital. By analyzing the consumption data, this paper fills the research gap of existing studies on the analysis of medical service utilization inequality based on the perspective of insurance participation by examining the effects of different types of insurance coverage on medical resource consumption of hemophiliacs. At the same time, rare disease patients as a minority group have long been neglected in the analysis of medical resource consumption, and this paper fills the research gap of medical service utilization of this group to a certain extent by taking hemophiliacs as the object of analysis.

Methods

Based on the medical data of hemophilia patients in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2010 to 2020, we analyze the consumption of medical resources of the patients, and use a multiple regression model to explore how different medical insurance types impact patients’ medical resources consumption.

Results

The study has three main findings. Firstly, the disparity in medical expenditure among different hemophilia patients is quite obvious, and the drug expense accounts for a large proportion of the total cost. Secondly, the ratio of reimbursement is generally low, and there is a wide difference in the amount of reimbursement for different types of medical insurance. Thirdly, the resource consumption of patients with different medical insurance types differs a lot.

Conclusion

In order to improve the current medical insurance system and mechanism for providing orphan drugs, we put forward the following suggestions. First of all, the medical security system should expand its coverage to eliminate the medical expenditure gap between different hemophilia patients, therefore better promoting equity under the same insurance type. At the same time, the reimbursement level of medical expenses for patients with rare diseases should be appropriately improved, so as to reduce the financial burden of patients with rare diseases, and promote the realization of economic equity. In addition, society should pay special attention to the disadvantaged groups, reduce the differences between various medical insurance, and improve the level of health and equity of the whole society.
The effect of lumbar spinal manipulation on biomechanical factors and perceived transient pain during prolonged sitting: a laboratory-controlled cross-sectional study
Authors: De Carvalho D. E. , Callaghan J. P.
Published: December 2022

Background

Spinal manipulation has been shown to affect muscle activity, posture, and pain. To date, no studies have examined the effect of manipulation on biomechanical factors during sitting. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate effect of lumbar spinal manipulation on trunk muscle activation, spine posture and movements, and perceived ratings of transient pain in asymptomatic adults during prolonged office sitting.

Methods

Twenty healthy adults were recruited for a single laboratory session that included a standardized office sitting/data entry protocol (120 min total, 3 blocks of 40 min). Data were collected between July and August 2012. The first block (baseline) was immediately followed by two experimental blocks. Prior to the start of each experimental block, participants were transferred to a therapy plinth and placed side lying (right side down), and a random presentation of either a control or high velocity low amplitude thrust directed at L4/L5 was delivered. Continuous measures of muscle activity, spine posture, and spine movements were recorded throughout the sitting trials. Perceived transient pain was measured by visual analogue scale at 10-min intervals (including immediately before and after the randomized maneuvers).

Results

There were no significant differences in spine or pelvic posture or perceived back pain following either the manipulation or control maneuvers. Significantly reduced muscle activity and increased shifts of the lumbar spine angle were identified in the block following manipulation compared to both baseline and post control blocks.

Conclusions

Spinal manipulation does not appear to have an immediate impact on spine or pelvic posture in healthy adults but does appear to reduce muscle activity and increase spine movement during sitting. Future work should replicate this study with a larger population in a field setting. It may be worthwhile to explore the implication of reduced muscle activation and increased spine movements during prolonged sitting for office workers that receive manipulations or mobilizations during their workday.
Historical changes of Chinese costumes from the perspective of archaeology
Authors: Liu Kaixuan , Zhou Shunmuzi , Zhu Chun
Published: December 2022

Garments are an important product in the history of human development. With the development of human history, there is also a constant reform and evolution of garments. As the bearer of historical culture in each period, the changes in the shape and production process of costume are the result of the continuous evolution of Chinese costume culture. Nowadays, historical artifacts from various dynasties are continuously unearthed, which are of great value for the study of ancient costumes. From the perspective of garment engineering and archaeology, this paper analyzes the representative costume-related artifacts of each dynasty, and through the understanding of the costume history and culture of each dynasty, 3D digital restoration of the costumes is carried out based on virtual fitting technology to show the more complete development of ancient costumes. It has a certain reference value for the study of the historical changes of ancient Chinese costumes, and it is also helpful for the preservation of ancient Chinese costumes and the promotion of ancient Chinese costume culture.
The predictability of orthodontic tooth movements through clear aligner among first-premolar extraction patients: a multivariate analysis
Authors: Ren Linghuan , Liu Lu , Wu Zhouqiang , Shan Di , Pu Lingling , Gao Yanzi , Tang Ziwei , Li Xiaolong , Jian Fan , Wang Yan , Long Hu , Lai Wenli
Published: December 2022

Background

The purpose was to determine the predictability of tooth movements through clear aligner among premolar extraction patients and to explore the effects of various factors on tooth movements.

Methods

A total of 31 extraction patients (10 males and 20 females; age 14–44) receiving clear aligner treatment (Invisalign) were enrolled in this study. The actual post-treatment models and pre-treatment models were superimposed using the palatal area as a reference and registered with virtual post-treatment models. A paired t test was used to compare the differences between actual and designed tooth movements of maxillary first molars, canines, and central incisors. A multivariate linear mixed model was performed to examine the influence of variables on actual tooth movements.

Results

Compared to the designed tooth movements, the following undesirable tooth movements occurred: mesial movement (2.2 mm), mesial tipping (5.4°), and intrusion (0.45 mm) of first molars; distal tipping (11.0°), lingual tipping (4.4°), and distal rotation of canines (4.9°); lingual tipping (10.6°) and extrusion (1.5 mm) of incisors. Age, crowding, mini-implant, overbite, and attachments have differential effects on actual tooth movements. Moreover, vertical rectangular attachments on canines are beneficial in achieving more predictable canine and incisor tooth movements over optimized attachments. Lingual tipping and extrusion of incisors were significantly influenced by the interaction effects between incisor power ridge and different canine attachments (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Incisors, canines, and first molars are subject to unwanted tooth movements with clear aligners among premolar extraction patients. Age, crowding, mini-implant, overbite, and attachments influence actual tooth movements. Moreover, vertical rectangular attachments on canines are beneficial in achieving more predictable incisor tooth movements over optimized canine attachments.
Role of mechano-sensitive non-coding RNAs in bone remodeling of orthodontic tooth movement: recent advances
Authors: Yan Lichao , Liao Li , Su Xiaoxia
Published: December 2022

Orthodontic tooth movement relies on bone remodeling and periodontal tissue regeneration in response to the complicated mechanical cues on the compressive and tensive side. In general, mechanical stimulus regulates the expression of mechano-sensitive coding and non-coding genes, which in turn affects how cells are involved in bone remodeling. Growing numbers of non-coding RNAs, particularly mechano-sensitive non-coding RNA, have been verified to be essential for the regulation of osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis and have revealed how they interact with signaling molecules to do so. This review summarizes recent findings of non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, as crucial regulators of gene expression responding to mechanical stimulation, and outlines their roles in bone deposition and resorption. We focused on multiple mechano-sensitive miRNAs such as miR-21, - 29, -34, -103, -494-3p, -1246, -138-5p, -503-5p, and -3198 that play a critical role in osteogenesis function and bone resorption. The emerging roles of force-dependent regulation of lncRNAs in bone remodeling are also discussed extensively. We summarized mechano-sensitive lncRNA XIST, H19, and MALAT1 along with other lncRNAs involved in osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. Ultimately, we look forward to the prospects of the novel application of non-coding RNAs as potential therapeutics for tooth movement and periodontal tissue regeneration.
Permeability anisotropy in sandstones from the Soultz-sous-Forêts geothermal reservoir (France): implications for large-scale fluid flow modelling
Authors: Goupil Margaux , Heap Michael J. , Baud Patrick
Published: December 2022

The successful exploitation of geothermal reservoirs relies upon the understanding of fluid circulation in the subsurface. However, large-scale fluid flow modelling often assumes that the permeability of the layers of rock within the model are isotropic. We present here a laboratory study in which we assessed the permeability anisotropy of seven Buntsandstein sandstone cores taken from the geothermal reservoir at Soultz-sous-Forêts (France) in the Upper Rhine Graben. The porosity and permeability of our samples, cored parallel and perpendicular to bedding, ranged from 5.2 to 16.3% and from 2.48 × 10−18to 7.66 × 10−14 m2, respectively. Our data show that permeability anisotropy can be up to four orders of magnitude in sandstones from the Buntsandstein, and that permeability anisotropy increases as a function of increasing porosity. Quantitative microstructural analysis combined with permeability modelling shows that the permeability anisotropy is the result of fine-grained and low-permeability laminations that are parallel or sub-parallel to bedding. We suggest, based on our data, that permeability anisotropy should be considered in future fluid flow modelling at geothermal sites within the Upper Rhine Graben.
A novel method to calculate compliance and airway resistance in ventilated patients
Authors: Gutierrez Guillermo
Published: December 2022

Background

The respiratory system’s static compliance (Crs) and airway resistance (Rrs) are measured during an end-inspiratory hold on volume-controlled ventilation (static method). A numerical algorithm is presented to calculate Crs and Rrs during volume-controlled ventilation on a breath-by-breath basis not requiring an end-inspiratory hold (dynamic method).

Methods

The dynamic method combines a numerical solution of the equation of motion of the respiratory system with frequency analysis of airway signals. The method was validated experimentally with a one-liter test lung using 300 mL and 400 mL tidal volumes. It also was validated clinically using airway signals sampled at 32.25 Hz stored in a historical database as 131.1-s-long epochs. There were 15 patients in the database having epochs on volume-controlled ventilation with breaths displaying end-inspiratory holds. This allowed for the reliable calculation of paired Crs and Rrs values using both static and dynamic methods. Epoch mean values for Crs and Rrs were assessed by both methods and compared in aggregate form and individually for each patient in the study with Pearson’s R2 and Bland–Altman analysis. Figures are shown as median[IQR].

Results

Experimental method differences in 880 simulated breaths were 0.3[0.2,0.4] mL·cmH2O−1 for Crs and 0[− 0.2,0.2] cmH2O·s· L−1 for Rrs. Clinical testing included 78,371 breaths found in 3174 epochs meeting criteria with 24[21,30] breaths per epoch. For the aggregate data, Pearson’s R2 were 0.99 and 0.94 for Crs and Rrs, respectively. Bias ± 95% limits of agreement (LOA) were 0.2 ± 1.6 mL·cmH2O−1 for Crs and − 0.2 ± 1.5 cmH2O·s· L−1 for Rrs. Bias ± LOA median values for individual patients were 0.6[− 0.2, 1.4] ± 0.9[0.8, 1.2] mL·cmH2O−1 for Crs and − 0.1[− 0.3, 0.2] ± 0.8[0.5, 1.2] cmH2O·s· L−1 for Rrs.

Discussion

Experimental and clinical testing produced equivalent paired measurements of Crs and Rrs by the dynamic and static methods under the conditions tested.

Conclusions

These findings support to the possibility of using the dynamic method in continuously monitoring respiratory system mechanics in patients on ventilatory support with volume-controlled ventilation.
Assessment of S-net seafloor pressure data quality in view of seafloor geodesy
Authors: Hino Ryota , Kubota Tatsuya , Chikasada Naotaka Y. , Ohta Yusaku , Otsuka Hideto
Published: December 2022

Long-term continuous observation of seafloor pressure is effective for detecting seafloor vertical deformations that are associated with transient tectonic phenomena such as slow slip events. Since the aseismic slip event prior to the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, several discoveries have been made on spontaneous slow slip events and various other types of slow earthquake along the Japan and Kuril Trenches. Seafloor observation network for earthquakes and tsunamis along the Japan Trench (S-net) is expected to provide invaluable information on slow slip activities via geodetic signals that are detected by pressure observation. This study inspects the quality of the S-net pressure data in view of seafloor geodesy by comparison with records obtained by more than 100 autonomous ocean bottom pressure recorders (OBPRs) deployed along the Japan Trench. OBPRs have long been standard tools in seafloor geodesy, and the data collected are considered a benchmark in terms of quality. Most of the S-net stations showed noise levels that are considerably higher than those of the OBPRs over periods of more than 2 d. We speculate that a strong correlation between pressure and temperature accounts for much of the long-term noise. In this study, the temperature-dependent fluctuation component was estimated by prediction filtering and removed from the original data, leading to a significant reduction in the noise level at 51 stations, which reached levels almost equivalent to those of OBPRs. Although no significant pressure changes have been identified as associated with the 2018 Boso SSE or repeated tremor bursts in the northern Japan Trench thus far, our findings indicate that these stations are sufficiently sensitive to detect slow slip events occurring nearby.