bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Noble‐Noble Strong Union: Gold at Its Best to Make a Bond with a Noble Gas Atom
Authors: Pan Sudip , Jana Gourhari , Merino Gabriel , Chattaraj Pratim K.
Published: January 2019

This Review presents the current status of the noble gas (Ng)‐noble metal chemistry, which began in 1977 with the detection of AuNe+ through mass spectroscopy and then grew from 2000 onwards; currently, the field is in a somewhat matured state. On one side, modern quantum chemistry is very effective in providing important insights into the structure, stability, and barrier for the decomposition of Ng compounds and, as a result, a plethora of viable Ng compounds have been predicted. On the other hand. experimental achievement also goes beyond microscopic detection and characterization through spectroscopic techniques and crystal structures at ambient temperature; for example, (AuXe4)2+(Sb2F11−)2 have also been obtained. The bonding between two noble elements of the periodic table can even reach the covalent limit. The relativistic effect makes gold a very special candidate to form a strong bond with Ng in comparison to copper and silver. Insertion compounds, which are metastable in nature, depending on their kinetic stability, display an even more fascinating bonding situation. The degree of covalency in Ng–M (M=noble metal) bonds of insertion compounds is far larger than that in non‐insertion compounds. In fact, in MNgCN (M=Cu, Ag, Au) molecules, the M−Ng and Ng−C bonds might be represented as classical 2c–2e σ bonds. Therefore, noble metals, particularly gold, provide the opportunity for experimental chemists to obtain sufficiently stable complexes with Ng at room temperature in order to characterize them by using experimental techniques and, with the intriguing bonding situation, to explore them with various computational tools from a theoretical perspective. This field is relatively young and, in the coming years, a lot of advancement is expected experimentally as well as theoretically.
Metal‐Bonded Redox‐Active Triarylamines and Their Interactions: Synthesis, Structure, and Redox Properties of Paddle‐Wheel Copper Complexes
Authors: Akintola Oluseun , Böhme Michael , Rudolph Manfred , Buchholz Axel , Görls Helmar , Plass Winfried
Published: January 2019

Invited for this month's cover picture is the group of Professor Winfried Plass at the Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena (Germany). The cover picture shows a scene illustrating the need to investigate the properties of building blocks for complex systems to enable the basic design of new functional materials. The utilized triphenylamine ligands are constituting parts of the currently investigated “Jena University Magnetic Polymer” (JUMP) series. Read the full text of their Full Paper at 10.1002/open.201800243.
Isotactic polypropylene metal oxide and silica nanocomposites by a two‐step process comprising in situ olefin polymerization and melt compounding
Authors: Käselau Sven , Scheel Saskia , Petersson Linnea , Ho Chau‐Hon , Luinstra Gerrit A
Published: January 2019

Nanocomposites of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) with 0.5 wt% filler of MgO@Mg(OH)2 (35 nm) or silicon dioxide (20–60 nm) or barium titanate (50 nm) nanoparticles were obtained from melt compounding of filler masterbatches with commercial iPP. The masterbatches with 5 wt% nanofiller were prepared in an in situ polymerization procedure using a metallocene/methylaluminoxane (MAO) catalyst system that was supported on the respective oxides. The original agglomerates of the nanoparticles were broken up by treatment with dibutylmagnesium for MgO@Mg(OH)2, and with ultrasound in the presence of MAO for SiO2 and BaTiO3. The tacticity (98% mmmm) of the in situ formed PP was not influenced by the presence of the nanofillers. Scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy mapping show a fine dispersion of single particles and small clouds or clusters. The primary nanoparticles appear to be surrounded by polymer. The elongation at break was decreased to 50, 17 and 9% for MgO@Mg(OH)2), SiO2 and BaTiO3, respectively. After melt compounding with iPP, a homogeneous single‐particle distribution of the oxidic nanoparticles was found in the resulting composites with 0.5 wt% filler content. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
GaAs/silicon PVMirror tandem photovoltaic mini‐module with 29.6% efficiency with respect to the outdoor global irradiance
Authors: Yu Zhengshan J. , Fisher Kathryn C. , Meng Xiaodong , Hyatt Justin J. , Angel Roger P. , Holman Zachary C.
Published: January 2019

Balance‐of‐system costs now dominate the installed cost of photovoltaic systems, causing the annually averaged module efficiency to become a primary system cost driver. The resulting continued push towards higher module efficiencies, coupled with the dominance of single‐axis tracking in the utility‐scale PV market, may create an opportunity for a low‐concentration tandem module technology. Here, we demonstrate such a tandem, using the “PVMirror” concept, on the mini‐module scale. The tandem couples a (concentrating) silicon PVMirror having an aperture area of 156.25 cm2 with a gallium arsenide receiver to achieve 29.6% efficiency with respect to the outdoor global irradiance. Unlike most concentrating technologies, the silicon PVMirror collects some of the diffuse light, but the tandem would nevertheless achieve 31% efficiency in the absence of diffuse light, as in a laboratory measurement. The same tandem technology can be implemented with a wide‐bandgap thin‐film PVMirror and silicon receiver—a potentially cost‐competitive combination—when efficient wide‐bandgap cells have been developed.
Illness at a Para Athletics Track and Field World Championships under Hot and Humid Ambient Conditions
Authors: Grobler Lara , Derman Wayne , Racinais Sebastien , Ngai Aston Seng Huey , van de Vliet Peter
Published: January 2019

Background

Heat‐related illness, including heat exhaustion and heat stroke, is seen as a major risk for athletes with a physical impairment.

Objective

Primary: To survey the illness statistics during the 2015 Para Athletics World Championships and report on any cases of significant heat‐related illnesses. Secondary: To document the heat countermeasures taken on behalf of the organizing committee.

Design

Retrospective audit.

Setting

Medical records collected at medical centers during the 2015 Para Athletics World Championships.

Participants

Athletes participating in the 2015 Para Athletics World Championships.

Methods

Illness statistics and records of hospitalizations of athletes participating in the championships were recorded by the medical officials during the precompetition (3 days) and competition (10 days) periods. Furthermore, wet‐bulb globe temperatures (WBGTs) were measured at the competition venues.

Main Outcome Measurements

Incidence rates of illness during the precompetition and competition periods.

Results

WBGTs ranged from 24.6°C to 36.0°C, regularly exceeding the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) and International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) guidelines for cancelation in the morning both during the competition (ACSM, 52%; IAAF, 97%) and precompetition periods (ACSM, 75%; IAAF, 100%). These guidelines were not exceeded as regularly during the evening and noon for both the precompetition and competition periods (ACSM, 0%‐5%; IAAF, 0%‐58%). The illness incidence rate was 2.89 per 1000 athlete‐days (incidence proportion = 3.76%; confidence interval = 2.69%‐4.83%). Only seven cases of heat‐related illness were recorded, of which three required hospitalization.

Conclusion

This study indicates low rates of illness, including hospitalization and intravenous administration for heat‐related illness among athletes participating in the 2015 Para Athletics World Championships.

Level of Evidence

III.
Not All Fluorescent Nanodiamonds Are Created Equal: A Comparative Study
Authors: Reineck Philipp , Trindade Leevan Fremiot , Havlik Jan , Stursa Jan , Heffernan Ashleigh , Elbourne Aaron , Orth Antony , Capelli Marco , Cigler Petr , Simpson David A. , Gibson Brant C.
Published: January 2019

Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) are vital to many emerging nanotechnological applications, from bioimaging and sensing to quantum nanophotonics. Yet, understanding and engineering the properties of fluorescent defects in nanodiamonds remain challenging. The most comprehensive study to date is presented, of the optical and physical properties of five different nanodiamond samples, in which fluorescent nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) centers are created using different fabrication techniques. The FNDs' fluorescence spectra, lifetime, and spin relaxation time (T1) are investigated via single‐particle confocal fluorescence microscopy and in ensemble measurements in solution (T1 excepted). Particle sizes and shapes are determined using scanning electron microscopy and correlated with the optical results. Statistical tests are used to explore correlations between the properties of individual particles and also analyze average results to directly compare different fabrication techniques. Spectral unmixing is used to quantify the relative NV charge‐state (NV− and NV0) contributions to the overall fluorescence. A strong variation is found and quantified in the properties of individual particles within all analyzed samples and significant differences between the different particle types. This study is an important contribution toward understanding the properties of NV centers in nanodiamonds. It motivates new approaches to the improved engineering of NV‐containing nanodiamonds for future applications.
A pharmacokinetic study of radiprodil oral suspension in healthy adults comparing conventional venous blood sampling with two microsampling techniques
Authors: Sciberras David , Otoul Christian , Lurquin Françoise , Smeraglia John , Lappert Aurélia , De Bruyn Steven , Jaap van Lier Jan
Published: January 2019

In this phase I, single‐center, open‐label study of ten heathy adults (18‐45 years; NCT02647697), the PK, safety, and tolerability profile of radiprodil oral suspension in healthy adults were assessed, as well as two PK microsampling techniques. All participants received a single 30 mg radiprodil dose (12 mL oral suspension). Blood was collected at various time points using conventional venous sampling (intravenous catheter or venepuncture), and Mitra™ and Aqua‐Cap™ Drummond microsampling (finger‐prick and blood taken from venous blood sample tubes). Geometric mean radiprodil plasma concentrations from conventional venous samples were above the lower limit of quantification up to 48 hours after administration of a single oral dose of radiprodil. Geometric mean AUCinf and Cmax were 2042 h ng mL−1 and 89.4 ng mL−1, respectively. Geometric mean t½ was 15.8 hour; median tmax was 4 hour (range: 3‐6 hour). Radiprodil exposure variables for Aqua‐Cap™ Drummond sampling were similar to the conventional venous‐derived data. Conversely, radiprodil exposure variables were lower with Mitra™ sampling compared with conventional venous sampling. The geometric mean ratio (90% confidence interval) for Cmax of conventional venous versus Mitra™ and Aqua‐Cap™ Drummond sampling (finger‐prick blood) was 0.89 (0.85, 0.94) and 1.03 (0.97,1.08), respectively, and therefore within the conventional bioequivalence range (0.80‐1.25). Radiprodil oral suspension had an acceptable safety, tolerability, and palatability profile. The PK profile of radiprodil oral suspension was established in healthy adults, and was comparable when analyzed using conventional versus microsampling techniques. These results will support future radiprodil paediatric studies.
CuGaSe2 Thin Film Solar Cells: Challenges for Developing Highly Efficient Wide‐Gap Chalcopyrite Photovoltaics
Authors: Ishizuka Shogo
Published: January 2019

CuGaSe2, with a band‐gap energy of 1.7 eV, is expected to be a practical material useful for wide‐gap top cells in tandem structure solar cells. In contrast to the success of narrow‐gap Cu(In,Ga)Se2 devices which are already in commercial production, there is room for further improvement before considering practical applications for CuGaSe2 devices. In this review, the developments in CuGaSe2 devices reported to date are surveyed from the perspective of wide‐gap chalcopyrite photovoltaics with a focus upon ternary CuGaSe2 films and solar cells. Differences observed between CuGaSe2 and CuInSe2 or Cu(In,Ga)Se2 films and device properties and correlations with the alkali‐effects are also discussed.
Misorientation Angle Dependence of Boron Incorporation Into CVD Diamond Delta Layers
Authors: Lobaev Mikhail A. , Gorbachev Alexei M. , Vikharev Anatoly L. , Radishev Dmitry B. , Isaev Vladimir A. , Bogdanov Sergey A. , Drozdov Mikhail N. , Yunin Pavel A. , Butler Jim E.
Published: January 2019

The results of investigations of boron incorporation into the delta layers of diamond, depending on the misorientation angle of the substrate surface relative to the crystallographic plane (001) are presented. Experiments are carried out on specially prepared substrates having several sectors with different miscut angles. The use of such substrates allowed to obtain data on the influence of the miscut angle in single growth process. The influence of the in‐plane orientation of miscut on the boron concentration in the delta layer and on the growth rate is also studied. When studying the incorporation of boron into delta layers, special attention is paid to the investigation of the surface of grown structures. It is found that the use of substrates with small miscut angles leads to formation of pyramidal hillock defects on the surface.
Defect State Analysis in Ion‐Irradiated Amorphous‐Silicon Heterojunctions by HAXPES
Authors: Lee Min‐I , Defresne Alice , Plantevin Olivier , Ceolin Denis , Rueff Jean‐Pascal , Roca i Cabarrocas Pere , Tejeda Antonio
Published: January 2019

The efficiency in HIT (heterojunction with intrinsic thin film) solar cells strongly depends on the passivation of dangling bonds at the a‐Si:H/c‐Si interface by hydrogen, introduced during the plasma‐enhanced CVD process. Herein, controlled defects that are introduced by Ar ion irradiation have been studied. It has been observed by hard X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy (HAXPES) that during Ar ion implantation, Si–H bonds in the a‐Si:H layer are broken and become dangling bonds. The number of dangling bonds in the a‐Si:H layer has been quantified, and the electronic states associated to them have been identified, which explains previously observed photoluminescence transitions.
Anti‐inflammatory effects of chemical components from Ginkgo biloba L. male flowers on lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages
Authors: Li Min , Li Bin , Hou Yong , Tian Ying , Chen Li , Liu Shijun , Zhang Na , Dong Junxing
Published: January 2019

Ginkgo biloba L., well known as living fossil, have various pharmacological activities. Eighteen compounds were isolated from Ginkgo male flowers including a novel matsutake alcohol glycoside, Ginkgoside A (1), and 17 known compounds—calaliukiuenoside (2), benzylalcohol O‐α‐l‐arabinopyranosyl‐(1 → 6)‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (3), amentoflavone (4), sciadopitysin (5), bilobetin (6), isoginkgetin (7), olivil 4‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (8), dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol‐4‐O‐β‐d‐glucoside (9), (+)‐cyclo‐olivil‐6‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (10), (−)‐isolariciresinol 4‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (11), coniferin (12), trans‐cinnamic acid‐4‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (13), p‐coumaryl alchol glucoside (14), stroside B (15), methylconiferin (16), cis‐p‐coumaric acid 4‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (17), and cis‐coniferin (18). Thirteen of these compounds had not previously found in Ginkgo. All extractive fractions and isolated compounds were evaluated for their anti‐inflammatory ability in the lipopolysaccharide‐induced RAW264.7 macrophages. The ethanol extract of Ginkgo flowers and the chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions can significantly decrease nitric oxide (NO), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production at 100 μg/ml. The most effective compounds, bilobetin (6) and isoginkgetin (7), elevated the NO inhibition ratios to 80.19% and 82.37% at 50 μM, respectively. They also exhibited significant dose‐dependent inhibitory effects on tumor necrosis factor‐α, IL‐6, PGE2, inducible NO synthase mRNA, and cyclooxygenase‐2 mRNA levels. So they can be promising candidates for the development of new anti‐inflammatory agents.
Pleural empyema in a patient with a perinephric abscess and diaphragmatic defect
Authors: Tan Pei Sze Carmen , Badiei Arash , Fitzgerald Deirdre B. , Kuok Yi Jin , Lee Y. C. Gary
Published: January 2019

Pleural infection as a complication of ascending urological infection is rare, and the mechanism often unclear. We report a complicated case of pleural infection and perinephric abscess in a patient who presented with a large right‐sided pleural effusion. Pleural fluid culture yielded Morganella morganii, an unusual pathogen in pleuro‐pulmonary infections. Her computed tomography (CT) scan of abdomen showed a right perinephric abscess which extended into the pleural cavity. Review of prior CT imaging suggested a pre‐existing diaphragmatic defect, likely representing a congenital Bochdalek foramen, through which the infection ascended. Successful treatment was achieved with systemic antibiotics, and drainage of both the pleural and retroperitoneal collections. Intra‐pleural tissue plasminogen activator/deoxyribonuclease therapy effectively cleared the residual pleural fluid. Spread of intra‐abdominal sepsis through diaphragmatic defects to the pleural cavity represents a potential source of empyema.
Observer‐based finite‐time stabilization for discrete‐time switched singular systems with quadratically inner‐bounded nonlinearities
Authors: Sun Yuchen , Ma Shuping
Published: January 2019

This paper discusses the observer‐based finite‐time stabilization for discrete‐time switched singular systems with quadratically inner‐bounded nonlinear terms. Firstly, based on the Luenberger‐like observer, by using the average dwell time approach, sufficient conditions are proposed to make closed‐loop systems be regular, be causal, as having a unique solution, and be uniformly finite‐time bounded. Then, a new linear matrix inequality sufficient condition for the existence of an observer‐based controller is obtained by using certain matrix decoupling techniques, and the controller is designed. In this paper, the conditions proposed not only give the observer‐based controller design methods but also guarantee the existence and uniqueness of solution for the systems. Since the quadratically inner‐bounded nonlinearities are more general than Lipschitz nonlinearities and one‐sided Lipschitz nonlinearities, compared with previous works, the proposed controller design methods in this paper are also more general than the existing ones. Finally, numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the methods proposed in this paper.
Tracking a learner's verbal participation in science over time: Analysis of talk features within a social context
Authors: Ryu Minjung , Sikorski Tiffany‐Rose
Published: January 2019

Visions of Next Generation Science Standards‐aligned instruction place high discursive demands on learners. Learners are expected to articulate, develop, and defend their ideas and respond to the ideas of others. Decades of prior research have carefully documented features, processes, and potential benefits and shortcomings of an emphasis on talk in science learning. Yet, the task of documenting change in learners’ talk over time remains a major methodological challenge. To address this challenge, we examine one Korean immigrant girl's (Selena) oral participation during an informal science learning program called Science Club. Quantitative analysis showed that, over time, Selena spoke more often and for longer. However, fine‐grained qualitative analysis of features of her talk (e.g., use of a variety of bids and hedges) demonstrated Selena's persistent desire to share ideas, even though the intellectual merits of those ideas went largely unacknowledged. Methodologically, Selena's case illustrates the importance of considering multiple features of learner talk, understood in the social context, when making claims about changes in oral participation over time. Pedagogically, Selena's case highlights the importance of teachers’ attention to how learners’ ideas are taken up, in addition to how frequently they are speaking in class.
The Influence of Alkali metals Interaction with Al/P‐Substituted BN Nanosheets on Their Electronic and Nonlinear Optical Properties: A DFT Theoretical Study
Authors: Hou Na , Wu Yuanyuan , Wu Haishun
Published: January 2019

On the basis of the boron nitride (BN) nanosheet, the Al/P‐substituted and alkali‐doped M@Al‐BN, M′@Al‐BN, M@P‐BN, and M′@P‐BN (M, M′=Li, Na, K) compounds were designed to study how the dopants affect the nonlinear optical (NLO) responses. The alkali metal atoms on the Al/P‐substituted BN nanosheets are located inside or outside the bowl. The results show that doping the alkali metal atoms can significantly reduce the energy gaps of the undoped systems, which is mainly attributed to the new high HOMO level containing excess electrons. These doped species possess the electride characteristics and exhibit large static first hyperpolarizabilities (β0) in the range of 1807–60919 au. Especially, the loosely bound excess electron from alkali metal atom brings the considerable β0 to Na′/K′@Al‐BN and M/M′@P‐BN systems. In addition, the introduction of an alkali atom significantly enhances the β0 of P‐BN compared to corresponding Al‐BN because these compounds have much smaller transition energies. These findings may provide valuable insights into the design of new high‐performance NLO materials based on BN nanosheets.
Extraction and Functional Group Characterization of Fulvic Acid from Hami Lignite
Authors: Zhang Yingjie , Liu Wenjing , Hu Xiaofeng , Zhang Ao , Ma Lulin , Shi Yongming , Gong Guanqun
Published: January 2019

This research investigates the extraction of fulvic acid (FA) from Hami lignite from Xinjiang, China, by microwave‐hydrogen peroxide and microwave‐hydrogen peroxide‐formic acid methods. The effects of reaction time, oxidant concentration, oxygen‐coal ratio and microwave power on FA yield are determined. Sulfuric acid‐acetone was applied to purify the primary FA products. The results indicate that the oxidant concentration is a sensitive factor affecting the yield of FA, while reaction time has little effect. Formic acid can promote the extraction of FA from lignite by hydrogen peroxide, and under optimal experimental conditions, the yields of FA were 5.34% and 9.13%, respectively. UV‐Vis analysis shows that FA has a lower aromaticity and degree of carbonyl conjugation in the presence of formic acid. Additionally, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize the purified FA. The results show that the benzene rings of FA have one, two, three and four substitutions, oxygen‐containing functional groups containing –COOH, C=O, ‐OCH3, C−O−C, Ar‐OH, and R‐OH and, furthermore, primary oxygen‐containing functional groups consisting of C=O and C–OH. The aliphatic functional groups contain symmetrical and anti‐symmetrical stretching vibrations of ‐CH2 and ‐CH3. Finally, the hydrogen bonds are mainly composed of phenolic hydroxyls and alcoholic hydroxyls, while some hydrogen carboxylate is present.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of 4‐Cycloaminopolyfluorosalicylic Acids
Authors: Shchur Irina V. , Shchegolkov Evgenii V. , Burgart Yanina V. , Triandafilova Galina A. , Maslova Vera V. , Solodnikov Sergey Yu. , Krasnykh Olga P. , Borisevich Sophia S. , Khursan Sergey L. , Saloutin Victor I.
Published: January 2019

A series of novel 4‐cycloamino‐substituted polyfluorosalicylic acids, their esters and amides have been synthesized by the reactions of alkyl polyfluorosalicylates with morpholine, N‐methylpiperazine, pyrrolidine and proline. It was observed that esters of polyfluorosalicylic acids under prolonged heating with amines could undergo one pot nucleophilic substitution of fluorine and intramolecular acidic hydrolysis owing to catalysis by the neighboring hydroxyl group. According to ADME calculations, the synthesized compounds are suitable for drug‐design. 4‐(N‐Methylpiperazinyl)‐substituted polylfluorosalicylic acids were found to have good analgesic activity while 4‐morphonyl‐containing analogs revealed moderate anti‐inflammatory action. In addition, the presence of amine fragment in polyfluorosalicylates reduced acute toxicity comparing to non‐substituted polyfluorosalicylic acids. The molecular docking of the most active compounds was carried out into the tyrosine site of cyclooxygenase‐1.
Ultrasonication‐assisted Synthesis of α, β‐Unsaturated Compounds Catalyzed by Amino‐functionalized FDU‐12 Catalyst
Authors: Dong Hao , Yang Hongyuan , Du Qingzhou , Zhang Tengfei , Liu Qing
Published: January 2019

Amino‐group functionalized FDU‐12 material (FDU‐12‐NH2) was utilized as an efficient and recyclable catalyst for the Knoevenagel condensation to afford α, β‐unsaturated compounds. The catalysts were characterized by nitrogen adsorption, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis, which showed that FDU‐12‐NH2 was successfully prepared using the post‐synthesis‐grafting method. Compared with the magnetic stirring method, the ultrasound‐assisted method could improve the Knoevenagel reaction significantly in this work. In addition, the catalyst exhibited the highest catalytic activity in the mixed solvent of ethanol and water with volume ratio of 3 : 1 due to the solvent effect. Various substrates could convert to their desired products with high yields in short time; what's more, it could be used for four times without significant decrease of the activity. This work reveals that FDU‐12‐NH2 is a promising heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of α, β‐unsaturated compounds.
Scandium(III) Trifluoromethanesulfonate Catalyzed Reactions of Donor‐Acceptor Cyclopropanes with 1,1‐Diarylethylenes
Authors: He Yuchen , Zhu Xiaoyan , Hu Chen , Hong Gang , Wang Limin
Published: January 2019

A Lewis acid‐promoted D−A cyclopropane reacting with 1,1‐diarylethylenes was developed. This reaction features mild reaction conditions, easy availability of starting materials, good functional group tolerance and high yields (up to 91%). Moreover, substituent effects on product distribution were observed. The scenario of the reaction pathway was supposed to involve the Sc(OTf)3‐mediated ring‐opening 1,3‐dipole intermediate followed by the attack of 1,1‐diarylethylenes.
Phase Transitions, Crystal Structures, and Magnetic Properties of Ferrocenium Ionic Plastic Crystals with CF3BF3 and Other Anions
Authors: Kimata Hironori , Sakurai Takahiro , Ohta Hitoshi , Mochida Tomoyuki
Published: January 2019

Salts of cationic sandwich complexes often exhibit an ionic plastic phase; however, only a few exhibit a plastic phase at room temperature. To explore the use of the CF3BF3 anion to lower the transition temperature to the plastic phase, we prepared salts of CF3BF3 with various ferrocene derivatives, [D][CF3BF3] (D=FeCp*2, Fe(C5Me4H)2, Fe(C5H4Me)2, FeCp(C5H4Me), FeCp2; Cp*=C5Me5, Cp=C5H5). Although [FeCp*2][CF3BF3] exhibited a plastic phase above 417 K, the other salts formed room‐temperature ionic plastic crystals with a phase transition to the plastic phase in the range 266–291 K. The crystal structure and thermal properties of [FeCp2][OTf] were elucidated for comparison. In addition, decamethylferrocenium salts with other anions were synthesized and structurally characterized: [FeCp*2][X] (X=N(SO2F)2 and B(CN)4) exhibited a phase transition to the plastic phase above 400 K, whereas carborane‐containing salts [FeCp*2]2[B12F12] and [FeCp*2][Co(C2B9H11)2] did not exhibit a plastic phase.
MG53 Inhibits the Progression of Tongue Cancer Cells through Regulating PI3K‐AKT Signaling Pathway: Evidence from 3D Cell Culture and Animal Model
Authors: Yin Wei , Liu Yaoli , Bian Zhuan
Published: January 2019

MG53 is transcriptionally activated by the IRS‐1/PI3K/AKT signal pathway, which is closely related with oncogenesis of several tumors. Here, the role of MG53 in the tumorigenesis of tongue cancer is analyzed in vitro and in vivo. The stable MG53 overexpression/knockdown SCC9 and SCC25 cells are constructed through retrovirus infection. Then a PLGA cylinder is used to provide a 3D culture environment for cell growth. Cell counting results suggest that overexpression of MG53 inhibits the cell proliferation and colony formation of SCC9 and SCC25 cells. While knockdown of MG53 has the opposite effect. Furthermore, knockdown of MG53 significantly promotes the invasion of SCC9 and SCC25 cells. Western blotting data confirm that MG53 affects the expression of the AKT signaling pathway. In a xenograft assay, knockdown of MG53 promotes the growth of xenograft which is induced by SCC25 cells in nude mice. The findings demonstrate that MG53 affects the biological behavior of human tongue cancer SCC9 and SCC25 cells.
Improvement of Cs‐(FAPbI3)0.85(MAPbBr3)0.15 Quality Via DMSO‐Molecule‐Control to Increase the Efficiency and Boost the Long‐Term Stability of 1 cm2 Sized Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Xu , Shi Lei , Huang Jialiang , Liu Ziheng , Zhang Pengfei , Yun Jae Sung , Soufiani Arman Mahboubi , Seidel Jan , Sun Kaiwen , Hameiri Ziv , Stride John A. , Zhang Yuanfang , Green Martin A. , Lin Hong , Hao Xiaojing
Published: January 2019

While interfacial and grain‐boundary passivation presently attract enormous research interest for perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the improvement of Cs‐(FAPbI3)X(MAPbBr3)Y bulk quality still lacks systematical study, especially for constructing polycrystalline layers in planar configurations. Here, a DMSO‐molecule‐process for improving the quality of Cs‐(FAPbI3)0.85(MAPbBr3)0.15 is developed, where the molar ratio of precursors, the kind of anti‐solvents, and speed‐time profiles are found critical. The optimized treatment significantly enhanced the crystal orientation, grain size, surface roughness, photo‐response, carrier lifetime, and contact potential difference of absorbers. Cs‐(FAPbI3)0.85(MAPbBr3)0.15 absorbers also present superior charge transport, as well as reduced carrier recombination and decreased trap densities via DMSO‐molecule‐control, enabling performance improvement on both long‐term stability and photovoltaic parameters of 1 cm2 PSCs. Champion planar cells demonstrated a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.07% (0.159 cm2) and PCE of 19.4% (1 cm2) with negligible hysteresis. Moreover, 1 cm2 devices retained 90% of initial PCE after aging 50 days in ambient air.
Cyclic behavior of reinforced concrete columns confined with two layers of stirrups
Authors: Sun Linzhu , Li Wei
Published: January 2019

Reinforced concrete (RC) columns confined with two layers of stirrups (TS) are a novel type of RC column, which consist of two layers of stirrups and longitudinal reinforcement. In this paper, the seismic behavior of TS‐RC columns is investigated through a series of experiments, in which six one‐half‐scale column specimens were subjected to axial forces and lateral cyclic loading. For comparison, an additional six specimens are included in Li et al. The design and details of all specimens correspond to the same, except for the axial compressive load ratio. The test variables include the axial compressive load ratio applied to the columns, the cross‐section type, and the spacing of transverse reinforcement. All specimens failed in a flexural mode, showing stable hysteresis loops. Because of the confinement of the two layers of stirrups, the TS‐RC column specimens exhibit excellent ductility and dissipated energy even at the axial load ratio of 0.4. The lateral force–drift relationships, backbone curves, energy dissipation, displacement ductility, stiffness degradation, final damage observed, and damage index are presented and discussed.
Effects of tuned mass damper on correlation of wind‐induced responses and combination coefficients of equivalent static wind loads of high‐rise buildings
Authors: Wang Qinhua , Li Ziyi , Garg Ankit , Hazra Budhaditya , Xie Zhuangning
Published: January 2019

Tuned mass dampers (TMDs) are employed to control the wind‐induced responses of tall buildings. In the meantime, TMD may have an impact on the correlation of wind‐induced responses and combination coefficients of equivalent static wind loads (ESWLs). First, the mass matrix and stiffness matrix were extracted in this paper in accordance with the structural analysis model of two high‐rise buildings, and on that basis, the wind‐induced vibration responses analysis model with and without TMD was established. Second, the synchronous multipoint wind tunnel test to measure the pressure was performed for two high‐rise buildings, and the time history of wind‐induced vibration responses with and without TMD was studied. Finally, the impact of TMD on the correlation of wind‐induced responses and combination coefficients of ESWLs was discussed. The results of two examples suggest that after the installation of TMD, the increase of ρxy was 2.1% to 35.0% and ρyz was 2.8% to 45.6% at all wind directions for Building 1, and the increase of ρxy was 3.9% to 17.1% and ρyz was 6.8% to 38.3% for Building 2. The combination coefficients of ESWLs of two buildings were 3% to 6% larger than that of the original structure. The conclusion of this paper can be referenced by the wind resistant design of high‐rise buildings with TMD.
Combined Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Sodium Battery Materials
Authors: Watanabe Eriko , Chung Sai‐Cheong , Nishimura Shin‐ichi , Yamada Yuki , Okubo Masashi , Sodeyama Keitaro , Tateyama Yoshitaka , Yamada Atsuo
Published: January 2019

Owing to developments in theoretical chemistry and computer power, the combination of calculations and experiments is now standard practice in understanding and developing new materials for battery systems. Here, we briefly review our recent combined studies based on density functional theory and molecular dynamics calculations for electrode and electrolyte materials for sodium‐ion batteries. These findings represent case studies of successful combinations of experimental and theoretical methods.
Effect of intra‐amniotic fluid pressure from polyhydramnios on cervical length in patients with twin–twin transfusion syndrome undergoing fetoscopic laser surgery
Authors: Bergh E. P. , Mann L. K. , Jain R. R. , Donepudi R. , Moise K. J. , Johnson A. , Papanna R.
Published: January 2019

Objectives

To determine the relationship between intra‐amniotic pressure and cervical length (CL) in patients with twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) undergoing fetoscopic laser photocoagulation (FLP), and to identify pre‐ or intraoperative factors associated with increased intra‐amniotic pressure in this population.

Methods

This was a prospective cohort study of patients undergoing FLP for TTTS. Exclusion criteria were triplet or higher‐order gestation and prior cervical cerclage, amnioreduction or FLP procedure. CL was assessed using preprocedure transvaginal ultrasound. Intra‐amniotic pressure measurements were obtained on initial placement of the trocar into the amniotic cavity, using a direct hydrostatic pressure gauge. The relationship between intra‐amniotic pressure and CL was assessed using multivariate linear regression analysis, including relevant preoperative and intraoperative variables.

Results

In total, 283 pregnancies met the inclusion criteria. Quintero stage of TTTS was I in 33 pregnancies, II in 88, III in 150 and IV in 12. Mean gestational age (GA) at FLP was 20.7 ± 3 weeks. Mean intra‐amniotic pressure was 23.1 ± 9 mmHg. On unadjusted linear regression analysis, there was no significant association between intra‐amniotic pressure and preoperative CL (P = 0.24) or GA at delivery (P = 0.22). On multivariate analysis, the factors associated significantly with intra‐amniotic pressure were: number of prior term deliveries (P = 0.03), recipient maximum vertical pocket (P < 0.0001), Quintero stage IV (P = 0.01) and type of anesthesia (sedation vs general anesthesia; P = 0.01).

Conclusion

In pregnancies with TTTS, intra‐amniotic pressure is not associated with CL or GA at delivery. This novel finding suggests that cervical shortening in this population is not mechanically driven. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Circular membrane with a centrally‐located opening ‐ analytical model using parameterisation of the non‐empty torus
Authors: Waszczuk‐Młyńska Aleksandra , Radkowski Stanisław
Published: January 2019

This paper discusses a model of the circular membrane using the second order basic partial differential equation. The aim of this work is to present a new analytical model of a membrane with an opening in its central part (damage‐simulating opening). Parametrisation applied in the model is based on the parametrisation of the torus with one difference, i.e. the radius r defining the torus's circle is not a constant quantity , but it varies within the range , where r0 is a maximal radius of the circle defining the torus. In order to build a model of a damaged membrane, only one surface of a non‐empty torus is needed, that is a surface created by the torus's circle rotation. A new partial differential equation is computed by means of the Fourier method of separation of variables, and next, by applying the Bessel substitution. The correctness of the analytical model and the obtained data resulting from the model (in this case the natural frequency) were verified based on the experiment and the numerical model.
Klebanov-Strassler black hole
Authors: Buchel Alex
Published: January 2019

Abstract

We construct a black hole solution on warped deformed conifold in type IIB supergravity with fluxes. The black hole has translationary invariant horizon and is a holographic dual to a thermal homogeneous and isotropic state of a cascading SU(K + P ) × SU(K)

$$ \mathcal{N}=1 $$

N
=
1

supersymmetric gauge theory with spontaneously broken chiral symmetry. We discuss thermal properties of the new black hole solutions. We comment on implications of the new black hole solutions for the landscape of KKLT de Sitter vacua in string theory.
Stabilized-cycle strategy for a multi-item, capacitated, hierarchical production planning problem in rolling schedules
Authors: Meistering Malte , Stadtler Hartmut
Published: January 2019

Little research has been done on hierarchical production planning systems (HPPS) in the context of rolling schedules with service-level constraints. Here, we adapt the stabilized-cycle strategy, which has initially been created for the master planning level (Meistering and Stadtler in Prod Oper Manag 26:2247–2265, 2017), to a two-level, multi-item, capacitated (short-medium-term) HPPS with demand uncertainty. For each planning level, we present extensions for mixed-integer programming models from literature (CLSP-L, PLSP) and introduce anticipation functions, as well as linking constraints. In a computational study, we analyze the performance of the HPPS with different rolling schedule strategies: the period-based, the order-based, and the stabilized-cycle strategy. It turns out that the stabilized-cycle strategy dominates the period-based strategy for all studied instances. For some instances, the stabilized-cycle strategy even dominates the order-based strategy; while in remaining instances, the stabilized-cycle strategy provides non-dominated solutions with a significant smaller downside deviation from service-level agreements and only a minor increase of costs.
Cascades in the dynamics of affine interval exchange transformations
Authors: BOULANGER ADRIEN , FOUGERON CHARLES , GHAZOUANI SELIM
Published: January 2019

We describe in this article the dynamics of a one-parameter family of affine interval exchange transformations. This amounts to studying the directional foliations of a particular dilatation surface introduced in Duryev et al [Affine surfaces and their Veech groups. Preprint, 2016, arXiv:1609.02130], the Disco surface. We show that this family displays various dynamical behaviours: it is generically dynamically trivial but for a Cantor set of parameters the leaves of the foliations accumulate to a (transversely) Cantor set. This study is achieved through analysis of the dynamics of the Veech group of this surface combined with a modified version of Rauzy induction in the context of affine interval exchange transformations.
Effect of implementing school meals compared with packed lunches on quality of dietary intake among children aged 7–13 years
Authors: Sabinsky Marianne S. , Toft Ulla , Sommer Helle M. , Tetens Inge
Published: January 2019

Strategies are needed to improve the dietary habits of children. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of implementing a school food programme on the dietary quality of lunches consumed by school children aged 7–13 years compared with packed lunches brought from home. A secondary objective was to investigate if a possible effect would differ between the younger children and the older. A quasi-experimental study design with four intervention schools and four matched control schools was conducted. In total, 984 school children participated. Data on packed lunches were collected at baseline. At the 1st follow-up the children in the intervention schools were offered free school meals and at the 2nd follow-up children paid for their school meals. The control group had packed lunches at all measurements. A digital photographic method combined with a Meal Index of dietary Quality (Meal IQ) was used for dietary assessment. Multilevel modelling was employed for data analyses. The quality of dietary intake was improved when free school meals were offered (P = 0·004); if the school meals were paid for the use was limited and no difference in change in dietary quality was found (P = 0·343). The school food programme had no difference in effect according to age (P = 0·083). In conclusion, offering a free school meal had a positive effect on dietary quality of the lunches consumed by school children aged 7–13 years. No effect was measured when the school meals were not provided for free. The dietary effect did not depend on age.
Explicit Salem sets, Fourier restriction, and metric Diophantine approximation in thep-adic numbers
Authors: Fraser Robert , Hambrook Kyle
Published: January 2019

We exhibit the first explicit examples of Salem sets in ℚpof every dimension 0 < α < 1 by showing that certain sets of well-approximablep-adic numbers are Salem sets. We construct measures supported on these sets that satisfy essentially optimal Fourier decay and upper regularity conditions, and we observe that these conditions imply that the measures satisfy strong Fourier restriction inequalities. We also partially generalize our results to higher dimensions. Our results extend theorems of Kaufman, Papadimitropoulos, and Hambrook from the real to thep-adic setting.
Monotonicity of non-Liouville property for positive solutions of skew product elliptic equations
Authors: Murata Minoru , Tsuchida Tetsuo
Published: January 2019

We consider a second-order elliptic operatorLin skew product of an ordinary differential operatorL1on an interval (a,b) and an elliptic operator on a domainD2of a Riemannian manifold such that the associated heat kernel is intrinsically ultracontractive. We give criteria for criticality and subcriticality ofLin terms of a positive solution having minimal growth atη(η = a,b) to an associated ordinary differential equation. In the subcritical case, we explicitly determine the Martin compactification and Martin kernel forLon the basis of [24]; in particular, the Martin boundary overηis either one point or a compactification ofD2, which depends on whether an associated integral nearηdiverges or converges. From this structure theorem we show a monotonicity property that the Martin boundary overηdoes not become smaller as the potential term ofL1becomes larger nearη.
Random initial conditions for semi-linear PDEs
Authors: Blömker Dirk , Cannizzaro Giuseppe , Romito Marco
Published: January 2019

We analyse the effect of random initial conditions on the local well-posedness of semi-linear PDEs, to investigate to what extent recent ideas on singular stochastic PDEs can prove useful in this framework.

In particular, in some cases, stochastic initial conditions extend the validity of the fixed-point argument to larger spaces than deterministic initial conditions would allow, but in general, it is never possible to go beyond the threshold that is predicted by critical scaling, as in our general class of equations we are not exploiting any special structure present in the equation.

We also give a specific example where the level of regularity for the fixed-point argument reached by random initial conditions is not yet critical, but it is already sharp in the sense that we find infinitely many random initial conditions of slightly lower regularity, where there is no solution at all. Thus criticality cannot be reached even by random initial conditions.

The existence and uniqueness in a critical space is always delicate, but we can consider the Burgers equation in logarithmically sub-critical spaces, where existence and uniqueness hold, and again random initial conditions allow to extend the validity to spaces of lower regularity which are still logarithmically sub-critical.
SQUARES OF DEGREES OF BRAUER CHARACTERS AND MONOMIAL BRAUER CHARACTERS
Authors: CHEN XIAOYOU , LEWIS MARK L.
Published: January 2019

Let $G$ be a finite group and let $p$ be a prime factor of $|G|$. Suppose that $G$ is solvable and $P$ is a Sylow $p$-subgroup of $G$. In this note, we prove that $P{\vartriangleleft}G$ and $G/P$ is nilpotent if and only if $\unicode[STIX]{x1D711}(1)^{2}$ divides $|G:\ker \unicode[STIX]{x1D711}|$ for all irreducible monomial $p$-Brauer characters $\unicode[STIX]{x1D711}$ of $G$.
THE GENERATING GRAPH OF INFINITE ABELIAN GROUPS
Authors: ACCIARRI CRISTINA , LUCCHINI ANDREA
Published: January 2019

For a group $G$, let $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}(G)$ denote the graph defined on the elements of $G$ in such a way that two distinct vertices are connected by an edge if and only if they generate $G$. Let $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}^{\ast }(G)$ be the subgraph of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}(G)$ that is induced by all the vertices of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}(G)$ that are not isolated. We prove that if $G$ is a 2-generated noncyclic abelian group, then $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}^{\ast }(G)$ is connected. Moreover, $\text{diam}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}^{\ast }(G))=2$ if the torsion subgroup of $G$ is nontrivial and $\text{diam}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}^{\ast }(G))=\infty$ otherwise. If $F$ is the free group of rank 2, then $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}^{\ast }(F)$ is connected and we deduce from $\text{diam}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}^{\ast }(\mathbb{Z}\times \mathbb{Z}))=\infty$ that $\text{diam}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}^{\ast }(F))=\infty$.