bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reynolds number induced growth of the large-scale rolls in plane Couette flow using resolvent analysis
Authors: Dokoza Toni , Oberlack Martin
Published: August 2023

In direct numerical simulations (DNS) of turbulent Couette flow, the observation has been made that the long streamwise rolls increase in length with the Reynolds number (Lee & Moser, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 842, 2018, pp. 128–145). To understand this, we employ both linear stability theory and its extension to resolvent analysis. For this, we emphasise the high Reynolds number (

$Re \rightarrow \infty$

) and small streamwise wavenumbers (

$\alpha \rightarrow 0$

) limit, imposing the distinguished limit

$Re_{\alpha }=Re \, \alpha = O(1)$

. We find that in case of linear stability theory,

$Re_{\alpha }$

acts as a global invariant in the resulting eigenvalue problem, while in case of resolvent analysis,

$Re_{\alpha }$

acts as a local invariant in the behaviour of the energy of the system characterised through the first singular value

$\sigma _1$

of the resolvent operator within the investigated asymptotic limit. In order to obtain constant streamwise structures for increasing Reynolds numbers, the respective streamwise wavenumber has to decrease, which verifies the observations from DNS studies of an increasing length of the streamwise structures with the Reynolds number. In linear stability theory, a parameter reduction is achieved for the above asymptotic limit, resulting in the modified Orr–Sommerfeld and Squire equations being dependent only on

$Re_{\alpha }$

. The behaviour of both the coherent structures obtained from linear stability theory and resolvent analysis are compared with each other and show similar behaviours over

$Re_{\alpha }$

.
Quality, not quantity, impacts the differentiation of near-synonyms
Authors: Altenhof Aja , Roberts Gareth
Published: August 2023

How much information do language users need to differentiate potentially absolute synonyms into near-synonyms? How consistent must the information be? We present two simple experiments designed to investigate this. After exposure to two novel verbs, participants generalized them to positive or negative contexts. In Experiment 1, there was a tendency across conditions for the verbs to become differentiated by context, even following inconsistent, random, or neutral information about context during exposure. While a subset of participants matched input probabilities, a high proportion did not. As a consequence, the overall pattern was of growth in differentiation that did not closely track input distributions. Rather, there were two main patterns: When each verb had been presented consistently in a positive or negative context, participants overwhelmingly specialized both verbs in their output. When this was not the case, the verbs tended to become partially differentiated, with one becoming specialized and the other remaining less specialized. Experiment 2 replicated and expanded on Experiment 1 with the addition of a pragmatic judgment task and neutral contexts at test. Its results were consistent with Experiment 1 in supporting the conclusion that quality of input may be more important than quantity in the differentiation of synonyms.
Gene–environment interaction study on the polygenic risk score for neuroticism, childhood adversity, and parental bonding
Authors: Klingenberg Boris , Guloksuz Sinan , Pries Lotta-Katrin , Cinar Ozan , Menne-Lothmann Claudia , Decoster Jeroen , van Winkel Ruud , Collip Dina , Delespaul Philippe , De Hert Marc , Derom Catherine , Thiery Evert , Jacobs Nele , Wichers Marieke , Lin Bochao D. , Luykx Jurjen , van Os Jim , Rutten Bart P. F.
Published: August 2023

The present study examines whether neuroticism is predicted by genetic vulnerability, summarized as polygenic risk score for neuroticism (PRS
N
), in interaction with bullying, parental bonding, and childhood adversity. Data were derived from a general population adolescent and young adult twin cohort. The final sample consisted of 202 monozygotic and 436 dizygotic twins and 319 twin pairs. The Short Eysenck Personality questionnaire was used to measure neuroticism. PRS
N
was trained on the results from the Genetics of Personality Consortium (GPC) and United Kingdom Biobank (UKB) cohorts, yielding two different PRS
N
. Multilevel mixed-effects models were used to analyze the main and interacting associations of PRS
N
, childhood adversity, bullying, and parental bonding style with neuroticism. We found no evidence of gene–environment correlation. PRS
N
thresholds of .005 and .2 were chosen, based on GPC and UKB datasets, respectively. After correction for confounders, all the individual variables were associated with the expression of neuroticism: both PRS
N
from GPC and UKB, childhood adversity, maternal bonding, paternal bonding, and bullying in primary school and secondary school. However, the results indicated no evidence for gene–environment interaction in this cohort. These results suggest that genetic vulnerability on the one hand and negative life events (childhood adversity and bullying) and positive life events (optimal parental bonding) on the other represent noninteracting pathways to neuroticism.
A MULTIDISCIPLINARY ANALYSIS OF AN ANTIQUARIAN DISCOVERY: THE KNARESBOROUGH 1864 HOARD OF LATE ROMAN VESSELS
Authors: Gerrard James Frederick , DeMaso Jessica , Romeo Pitone Marco , Gerrard Sally Jane
Published: August 2023

This is the first comprehensive publication of the Knaresborough 1864 hoard of copper-alloy vessels and tools. A consideration of the circumstances of the hoard’s discovery, along with a biographical account of Thomas Gott (the man who deposited the hoard in the Yorkshire Museum), for the first time enables a case to be made for a findspot. A consideration of the vessels and other objects establishes the hoard as one of the most unusual assemblages of its kind from late Roman Britain. pXRF analysis of the vessels sheds light on their composition. Finally, a discussion of the hoard places it within the international context of late Roman deposition practices.
Stability of electron plasmas in stellarators
Authors: Costello P. , Helander P.
Published: August 2023

It has long been known that the equilibrium of an electron plasma in a stellarator possesses unique properties when compared with other geometries. Previous analyses, both numerical and analytical, as well as experimental results, have indicated that these equilibria are minimum-energy states. Here, it is definitively shown that the equilibrium of an electron plasma on magnetic surfaces with finite rotational transform minimises a constrained physical energy, which has a thermal and an electrostatic contribution. As such, these equilibria are established to be macroscopically stable to all perturbations that do not change the flux-surface average of the density and do not decrease the entropy of the plasma, under the definition of ‘formal stability’ established by Holmet al.(Phys. Rep., vol. 123, no. 1, 1985, 1–116).
Acculturation and resilience of immigrant-origin youth: Do their school experiences reflect nonimmigrants’ “native supremacy”?
Authors: Motti-Stefanidi Frosso
Published: August 2023

The successful integration of immigrant-origin youth is a highly important issue for multiple stakeholders in many countries. It has important benefits both to countries of destination and countries of origin, as well as to immigrants and nonimmigrants. In this article, I examine immigrant-youth adaptation through the lens of a recently developed resilience model integrating acculturation and social psychological influences on adaptation. Who among immigrant-origin youth adapt well, academically, and socially, in the Greek school context? What is the role of acculturation in immigrant youth resilience? These questions are addressed using scientific evidence drawn from the Athena Studies of Resilient Adaptation (AStRA) project, a three-cohort, three-wave longitudinal project on immigrant-origin youth adaptation conducted in Greece, as well as from the international literature. Following an anti-racist research approach to understanding the AstRA findings, I will argue that the lived school experiences of immigrant-origin youth may be a reflection of societal-level xenophobic and anti-immigrant attitudes. Such systemic and structural racism is the key determinant of the difficulties they face in their adaptation. The findings presented reveal the need to promote an equitable and inclusive education that will be beneficial for all students promoting their well-being, and their sense of belonging to school and society.
Information gain as a tool for assessing biosignature missions
Authors: Fields Benjamin , Gupta Sohom , Sandora McCullen
Published: August 2023

We propose the mathematical notion of information gain as a way of quantitatively assessing the value of biosignature missions. This makes it simple to determine how mission value depends on design parameters, prior knowledge and input assumptions. We demonstrate the utility of this framework by applying it to a plethora of case examples: the minimal number of samples needed to determine a trend in the occurrence rate of a signal as a function of an environmental variable, and how much cost should be allocated to each class of object; the relative impact of false positives and false negatives, with applications to Enceladus data and how best to combine two signals; the optimum tradeoff between resolution and coverage in the search for lurkers or other spatially restricted signals, with application to our current state of knowledge for solar system bodies; the best way to deduce a habitability boundary; the optimal amount of money to spend on different mission aspects; when to include an additional instrument on a mission; the optimal mission lifetime; and when to follow/challenge the predictions of a habitability model. In each case, we generate concrete, quantitative recommendations for optimizing mission design, mission selection and/or target selection.
Water footprint of representative agricultural crops on volcanic islands: the case of the Canary Islands
Authors: Cruz-Pérez Noelia , Santamarta Juan C. , Álvarez-Acosta Carlos
Published: August 2023

The Canary Islands are a Spanish archipelago, where the greatest water demand comes from agriculture. Being an outermost European region that receives a large number of tourists per year, the need for greater food sovereignty becomes more important. It is vital to undertake studies on the water footprint (WF) of the main crops, in order to identify the irrigation practices of local farmers and establish recommendations for water saving through improvement of these practices. The results of this study show that the average WF for bananas in the Canary Islands is 340.80 m3 t−1 ± 34.07 and for avocadoes is 1741.94 m3 t−1 ± 286.16. The WF models proposed can explain 92 and 86% of the total variance of the WF for banana and avocado crops, respectively. The WF of both crops can be reduced, and this work can be a starting point for improvement. Farmers will face a change in temperature and water availability due to climate change; useful water saving strategies for local farmers can now be made based on estimation of the WF with yield and net needs data.
Assessing Contaminant Mass Discharge Uncertainty With Application of Hydraulic Conductivities Derived From Geoelectrical Cross‐Borehole Induced Polarization and Other Methods
Authors: Thalund‐Hansen Rasmus , Troldborg Mads , Levy Léa , Christiansen Anders Vest , Bording Thue S. , Bjerg Poul L.
Published: August 2023

A new methodology was developed to support contaminant mass discharge (CMD)‐based risk assessment of groundwater contamination downgradient of point source zones. Geoelectrical cross‐borehole induced polarization (IP) data were collected at a site undergoing in situ remediation of chlorinated solvents for determining 2D hydraulic conductivity (K) distributions with an inversion model resolution of 0.15 m (vertically) x 0.50 m (horizontally) in three control planes from 10 to 20 m depth. Additionally, 18 slug tests and 31 grain size distribution analyses (GSA) from the control planes, were used for K‐estimation. The geometric means and variance of the IP, slug test, and GSA derived K‐estimates were consistent with previously studied sandy aquifers. Furthermore, the vertical variation in K between two geological settings, a sandy till and a meltwater sand formation, was clearly identified by the IP K‐estimates. The vertical variation was backed up by hydraulic profiling tool (HPT) measurements. Random realizations of CMD were simulated based on the cross‐borehole IP derived K‐values. For comparison, the CMD was also estimated with a geostatistical conditional simulation approach, using the data from slug tests and GSAs. The high IP resolution captured the small scale variations in K across the transects and led to CMD predictions with a narrow uncertainty interval, whereas slug test and GSA either under‐ or overestimated the magnitude of the areas with the highest CMD. Applying the geophysical cross‐borehole method for estimating K‐distributions in addition to traditional methods would improve CMD‐based risk assessment and evaluation of remediation performance at contaminated sites.
Projected Rainfall‐Driven Expansion of Woody Cover in African Drylands
Authors: Zhang Wenmin , Fensholt Rasmus , Brandt Martin
Published: August 2023

Projection of future woody cover is essential to understand potential changes in structure and functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. Previous studies mapped woody cover during historical periods observed by satellites, however, it remains unclear how woody cover is expected to change in response to future climate change. Here, we develop data‐driven models to predict woody cover in Africa using multiple environmental predictors and show that woody cover can be accurately modeled using Random Forest. Empirically‐based simulations forced by precipitation from CMIP6 project an overall increase in woody cover at the continental scale by 2100. However, increases are mainly occurring in regions with annual precipitation less than ∼1,600 mm y−1, whereas woody cover is predicted to decrease in areas of higher rainfall. Our results suggest that climate change may alter the functioning of dryland ecosystems by continued woody encroachment and cause a loss of carbon stocks in humid areas.
Impacts of Evaporation‐Induced Groundwater Upwelling on Mixing Dynamics in Shallow Wetlands
Authors: Geng Xiaolong , Boufadel Michel C. , Li Hailong , Na Nagara Viravid , Lee Kenneth
Published: August 2023

Groundwater mixing dynamics play a crucial role in the biogeochemical cycling of shallow wetlands. In this paper, we conducted groundwater simulations to investigate the combined effects of evaporation and local heterogeneity on mixing dynamics in shallow wetland sediments. The results show that evaporation causes groundwater and solutes to upwell from deep sediments to the surface. As the solute reaches the surface, evaporation enhances the accumulation of the solute near the surface, resulting in a higher solute concentration than in deep sediments. Mapping of flow topology reveals that local heterogeneity generates spatially varied mixing patterns mainly along preferential flow pathways. The upwelling of groundwater induced by surface evaporation through heterogeneous sediments is likely to create distinct mixing hotspots that differ spatially from those generated by lateral preferential flows driven by large‐scale hydraulic gradients, which enhances the overall mixing in the subsurface. These findings have strong implications for biogeochemical processing in wetlands.
Mortality after cardiac arrest in children less than 2 years: relevant factors
Authors: Bae Goeun , Eun So Hyun , Yoon Seo Hee , Kim Heoung Jin , Kim Hye Rim , Kim Moon Kyu , Lee Ha Neul , Chung Hyun Soo , Koo Chungmo
Published: August 2023

Background

There are only scant studies of predicting outcomes of pediatric resuscitation due to lack of population-based data. This study aimed to determine variable factors that may impact the survival of resuscitated children aged under 24 months.

Methods

This is a retrospective study of 66 children under 24 months. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with pediatric advanced life support guideline was performed uniformly for all children. Linear regression analysis with variable factors was conducted to determine impacts on mortality.

Result

Factors with statistically significant increases in mortality were the number of administered epinephrine (p value < 0.001), total CPR duration (p value < 0.001), in-hospital CPR duration of out-hospital cardiac arrest (p value < 0.001), and changes in cardiac rhythm (p value < 0.040). However, there is no statistically significant association between patient outcomes and remaining factors such as age, sex, underlying disease, etiology, time between last normal to CPR, initial CPR location, initial cardiac rhythm, venous access time, or inotropic usage.

Conclusion

More than 10 times of epinephrine administration and CPR duration longer than 30 minutes were associated with a higher mortality rate, while each epinephrine administration and prolonged CPR time increased mortality.

Impact statement

This study analyzed various factors influencing mortality after cardiac arrest in patients under 24 months.

Increased number of administered epinephrine and prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation duration do not increase survival rate in patients under 24 months.

In patients with electrocardiogram rhythm changes during CPR, mortality increased when the rhythm changed into asystole in comparison to no changes occurring in the rhythm.
Single-cell trajectory analysis reveals a CD9 positive state to contribute to exit from stem cell-like and embryonic diapause states and transit to drug-resistant states
Authors: Li Xi , Poire Alfonso , Jeong Kang Jin , Zhang Dong , Chen Gang , Sun Chaoyang , Mills Gordon B.
Published: August 2023

Bromo- and extra-terminal domain (BET) inhibitors (BETi) have been shown to decrease tumor growth in preclinical models and clinical trials. However, toxicity and rapid emergence of resistance have limited their clinical implementation. To identify state changes underlying acquisition of resistance to the JQ1 BETi, we reanalyzed single-cell RNAseq data from JQ1 sensitive and resistant SUM149 and SUM159 triple-negative breast cancer cell lines. Parental and JQ1-resistant SUM149 and SUM159 exhibited a stem cell-like and embryonic diapause (SCLED) cell state as well as a transitional cell state between the SCLED state that is present in both treatment naïve and JQ1 treated cells, and a number of JQ1 resistant cell states. A transitional cell state transcriptional signature but not a SCLED state transcriptional signature predicted worsened outcomes in basal-like breast cancer patients suggesting that transit from the SCLED state to drug-resistant states contributes to patient outcomes. Entry of SUM149 and SUM159 into the transitional cell state was characterized by elevated expression of the CD9 tetraspanin. Knockdown or inhibition of CD9-sensitized cells to multiple targeted and cytotoxic drugs in vitro. Importantly, CD9 knockdown or blockade sensitized SUM149 to JQ1 in vivo by trapping cells in the SCLED state and limiting transit to resistant cell states. Thus, CD9 appears to be critical for the transition from a SCLED state into treatment-resistant cell states and warrants exploration as a therapeutic target in basal-like breast cancer.
A human antibody epitope map of the malaria vaccine antigen Pfs25
Authors: Shukla Niharika , Tang Wai Kwan , Coelho Camila H. , Long Carole A. , Healy Sara A. , Sagara Issaka , Miura Kazutoyo , Duffy Patrick E. , Tolia Niraj H.
Published: August 2023

Pfs25 is a leading antigen for a malaria transmission-blocking vaccine and shows moderate transmission-blocking activity and induction of rapidly decreasing antibody titers in clinical trials. A comprehensive definition of all transmission-reducing epitopes of Pfs25 will inform structure-guided design to enhance Pfs25-based vaccines, leading to potent transmission-blocking activity. Here, we compiled a detailed human antibody epitope map comprising epitope binning data and structures of multiple human monoclonal antibodies, including three new crystal structures of Pfs25 in complex with transmission-reducing antibodies from Malian volunteers immunized with Pfs25 conjugated to EPA and adjuvanted with AS01. These structures revealed additional epitopes in Pfs25 capable of reducing transmission and expanded this characterization to malaria-exposed humans. This work informs immunogen design to focus the antibody response to transmission-reducing epitopes of Pfs25, enabling development of more potent transmission-blocking vaccines for malaria.
Comparison between multimodal and intraoperative opioid free anesthesia for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a prospective, randomized study
Authors: Mieszczański Piotr , Górniewski Grzegorz , Ziemiański Paweł , Cylke Radosław , Lisik Wojciech , Trzebicki Janusz
Published: August 2023

Anesthesia for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and perioperative management remains a challenge. Several clinical studies indicate that opioid-free anesthesia (OFA) may be beneficial, but there is no consensus on the most optimal anesthesia technique in clinical practice. The aim of our study was to assess the potential benefits and risks of intraoperative OFA compared to multimodal analgesia (MMA) with remifentanil infusion. In a prospective, randomized study, we analyzed 59 patients’ data. Primary outcome measures were oxycodone consumption and reported pain scores (numerical rating scale, NRS) at 1, 6, 12, and 24th hours after surgery. Postoperative sedation on the Ramsay scale, nausea and vomiting on the PONV impact scale, desaturation episodes, pruritus, hemodynamic parameters, and hospital stay duration were also documented and compared. There were no significant differences in NRS scores or total 24-h oxycodone requirements. In the first postoperative hour, OFA group patients needed an average of 4.6 mg of oxycodone while the MMA group 7.72 mg (p = 0.008, p < 0.05 statistically significant). The PONV impact scale was significantly lower in the OFA group only in the first hour after the operation (p = 0.006). Patients in the OFA group required higher doses of ephedrine 23.67 versus 15.69 mg (p = 0.039) and more intravenous fluids 1160 versus 925.86 ml (p = 0.007). The mode of anesthesia did not affect the pain scores or the total dose of oxycodone in the first 24 postoperative hours. Only in the first postoperative hour were an opioid-sparing effect and reduction of PONV incidence seen in the OFA group when compared with remifentanil-based anesthesia. However, patients in the OFA group showed significantly greater hemodynamic lability necessitating higher vasopressor doses and more fluid volume.
Anomalous cyclic in the neutrino oscillations
Authors: Aydiner E.
Published: August 2023

Neutrino physics is one of the most important topics in particle physics and cosmology. As it is known, neutrinos are weakly interacting fundamental particles with chargeless and very small masses. One of the most characteristic features of the neutrino that make a difference from other elementary particles is that it oscillates between the mass and flavour eigenstates. Due to these oscillations, neutrinos change from one flavour to another. So far in theory the possible effects of deformed space-time effects on oscillation have not been considered. In this study, we show for the first time that a deformed space-time metric will lead to fractional dynamics between mass and flavour changes and therefore cause a phase shift in the oscillation period. We also shortly discuss the possible relation between anomalous cyclic and relic neutrinos. The modification in the oscillation probabilities due to the studied effect in this work could be seen using relic neutrinos.
Ribo-On and Ribo-Off tools using a self-cleaving ribozyme allow manipulation of endogenous gene expression in C. elegans
Authors: Fang Jie , Wang Jie , Wang Yuzhi , Liu Xiaofan , Chen Baohui , Zou Wei
Published: August 2023

Investigating gene function relies on the efficient manipulation of endogenous gene expression. Currently, a limited number of tools are available to robustly manipulate endogenous gene expression between “on” and “off” states. In this study, we insert a 63 bp coding sequence of T3H38 ribozyme into the 3’ untranslated region (UTR) ofC. elegansendogenous genes using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, which reduces the endogenous gene expression to a nearly undetectable level and generated loss-of-function phenotypes similar to that of the genetic null animals. To achieve conditional knockout, a cassette ofloxP-flanked transcriptional termination signal and ribozyme is inserted into the 3’ UTR of endogenous genes, which eliminates gene expression spatially or temporally via the controllable expression of the Cre recombinase. Conditional endogenous gene turn-on can be achieved by either injecting morpholino, which blocks the ribozyme self-cleavage activity or using the Cre recombinase to remove theloxP-flanked ribozyme. Together, our results demonstrate that these ribozyme-based tools can efficiently manipulate endogenous gene expression both in space and time and expand the toolkit for studying the functions of endogenous genes.
Stability of the interorbital-hopping mechanism for ferromagnetism in multi-orbital Hubbard models
Authors: Lin Ling-Fang , Zhang Yang , Alvarez Gonzalo , McGuire Michael A. , May Andrew F. , Moreo Adriana , Dagotto Elbio
Published: August 2023

The emergence of insulating ferromagnetic phase in iron oxychalcogenide chain system has been recently argued to be originated by interorbital hopping mechanism. However, the practical conditions for the stability of such mechanism still prevents the observation of ferromagnetic in many materials. Here, we study the stability range of such ferromagnetic phase under modifications in the crystal fields and electronic correlation strength, constructing a theoretical phase diagram. We find a rich emergence of phases, including a ferromagnetic Mott insulator, a ferromagnetic orbital-selective Mott phase, together with antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic metallic states. We characterize the stability of the ferromagnetic regime in both the Mott insulator and the ferromagnetic orbital-selective Mott phase forms. We identify a large stability range in the phase diagram at both intermediate and strong electronic correlations, demonstrating the capability of the interorbital hopping mechanism in stabilizing ferromagnetic insulators. Our results may enable additional design strategies to expand the relatively small family of known ferromagnetic insulators.
Time gated Fourier transform spectroscopy as a technique for disentangling short- and long-lived luminescence
Authors: Liisberg Mikkel Baldtzer , Vosch Tom
Published: August 2023

Overlapping short- and long-lived luminescence signals are often encountered and are not trivial to disentangle in a single measurement. Here, we demonstrate for a broad range of emitters that time gated Fourier transform spectroscopy can be used as a technique to simultaneously capture and temporally disentangle overlapping spectral features of luminescence signals. This allows us to concurrently measure the fluorescence and phosphorescence bands of an organic fluorophore, retrieve the emission of a quantum dot that is overshadowed by an autofluorescent serum solution, and for removing residual laser scatter and ambient room light in an optical filter free configuration. Time gated Fourier transform spectroscopy only requires the introduction of a common-path interferometer to the emission path of a standard time-correlated single photon counting setup; it can function as a technique to both discriminate signals as well as characterize properties of new materials.
The 2′-hydroxy group of flavin mononucleotide influences the catalytic function and promiscuity of the flavoprotein iodotyrosine dehalogenase
Authors: Kozyryev Anton , Boucher Petrina A. , Quiñones-Jurgensen Carla M. , Rokita Steven E.
Published: August 2023

The isoalloxazine ring system of the flavin cofactor is responsible for much of the catalytic power and diversity associated with flavoproteins. However, its ribityl group may also contribute to enzyme function as described here.
Hydrophobized electrospun nanofibers of hierarchical porosity as the integral gas diffusion electrode for full-pH CO2 electroreduction in membrane electrode assemblies
Authors: Wang Min , Lin Ling , Zheng Zhangyi , Jiao Zhenyang , Hua Wei , Wang Guowei , Ke Xiaoxing , Lian Yuebin , Lyu Fenglei , Zhong Jun , Deng Zhao , Peng Yang
Published: August 2023

Hydrophobized nanofibers of hierarchical porosity as the integral gas diffusion electrode are demonstrated. The integral GDE showcases stable operation for >273 hours in neutral MEA and a single-pass CO2 conversion of 78% in acidic MEA.
Correction: Platinum nanoparticles inhibit bacteria proliferation and rescue zebrafish from bacterial infection
Authors: Ayaz Ahmed Khan Behlol , Raman Thiagarajan , Anbazhagan Veerappan
Published: August 2023

Correction for ‘Platinum nanoparticles inhibit bacteria proliferation and rescue zebrafish from bacterial infection’ by Khan Behlol Ayaz Ahmed et al., RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 44415–44424, https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA03732A.
Screening for Falls: A Prospective Pilot Study for the Audiology Clinic
Authors: Criter Robin E. , Augustyniak Erin
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to determine if clinical measures that audiologists may already be using or are able to collect on a routine basis are useful in screening for future falls.

Method:

This prospective cohort study protocol included 20 community-dwelling participants aged 60 years or older who completed case history questions, pure-tone and speech audiometry, common questionnaires, the Timed Up and Go test, and a prospective 6-month falls diary to determine which measures were correlated with the number of prospective 6-month falls.

Results:

Five participants (25%) fell in the 6 months after the research session. Significant correlations were noted between prospective falls and age, home safety modifications, engagement in fall prevention activities, and history of falls in the last 12 months.

Conclusion:

Straightforward case history questions that could be part of a routine audiologic evaluation, such as fall history in the previous year, are significantly correlated with prospective number of falls in 6 months. These questions could help to identify audiology patients who may benefit from further fall risk assessment.
Outlier detection based energy efficient and reliable routing protocol using deep learning algorithm
Authors: Jasmine Lizy P. , Chenthalir Indra N.
Published: August 2023

Wireless sensor network have also played a vital role in the observation and management of agricultural land in terms of climate, water usage, crops, etc. Due to the open communication system and low battery power of sensors, the agricultural sector still faces issues with energy consumption, information forwarding, and privacy. Thus, an energy‐efficient routing during transmission in WSN‐based smart agriculture is suggested in this study applying a feed‐forward neural network to detect outliers. Outlier identification, CH‐selection, and Relay Node (RN) selection are the three phases of this suggested method. Outlier detection is performed in the deployed nodes for categorises attack nodes from the normal nodes. CH‐selection is performed using a chaotic moth‐flame optimization technique according to distance, node degree, centrality factor and residual energy level, these parameters determine which node will become a Cluster Head. Then reliable routing protocol is designed using NB‐based probability method for RN selection. MATLAB software is used to test the proposed Outlier Detection based Energy Efficient and Reliable Routing Protocol and verify its performance. The effectiveness of the proposed‐model is tested with some prior wireless sensor network routing protocols environment‐fusion multipath routing protocol, dynamic Multi‐hop Energy Efficient Routing Protocol, SEMantic CLustering, and Reliable and energy efficient routing protocol. Outlier Detection based Energy Efficient and Reliable Routing Protocol algorithm attained a 0.91 (%)Packet Delivery ratio, 0.08% of packet loss, 0.91% of Average residual energy, 2.8 (Mbps) throughput, and 26 (sec) Delay.
MIDW‐Net: A multi‐tasking network architecture for radar intra‐pulse parameter description
Authors: Chen Tao , Lei Yu , Guo Limin , Yang Boyi
Published: August 2023

The automatic modulation recognition (AMR) of radar signals has become a popular research topic in recent years. However, most algorithms focus on the type of signal modulation and lack further understanding of the signal. To address this gap, a network architecture for multi‐tasking intra‐pulse description words (MIDW‐Net) is proposed herein. In this framework, the denoising algorithm employs a convolutional denoising autoencoder, which is an effective method for suppressing noise interference and preserving signal information. The multiscale feature‐extraction capability of a feature pyramid network (FPN) is utilized to expand the perceptual domain without losing the high‐frequency features of the image. Finally, AMR and modulation parameter estimation are accomplished via multitask learning. Experiments performed on simulated radar signals using four intra‐pulse descriptors verified the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
FPIseg: Iterative segmentation network based on feature pyramid for few‐shot segmentation
Authors: Wang Ronggui , Yang Cong , Yang Juan , Xue Lixia
Published: August 2023

Few‐shot segmentation (FSS) enables rapid adaptation to the segmentation task of unseen‐classes object based on a few labelled support samples. Currently, the focal point of research in the FSS field is to align features between support and query images, aiming to improve the segmentation performance. However, most existing FSS methods implement such support/query alignment by solely leveraging middle‐level feature for generalization, ignoring the category semantic information contained in high‐level feature, while pooling operation inevitably lose spatial information of the feature. To alleviate these issues, the authors propose the Iterative Segmentation Network Based on Feature Pyramid (FPIseg), which mainly consists of three modules: Feature Pyramid Fusion Module (FPFM), Region Feature Enhancement Module (RFEM), and Iterative Optimization Segmentation Module (IOSM). Firstly, FPFM fully utilizes the foreground information from the support image to implement support/query alignment under multi‐scale, multi‐level semantic backgrounds. Secondly, RFEM enhances the foreground detail information of aligned feature to improve generalization ability. Finally, ISOM iteratively segments the query image to optimize the prediction result and improve segmentation performance. Extensive experiments on the PASCAL‐5i and COCO‐20i datasets show that FPIseg achieves considerable segmentation performance under both 1‐shot and 5‐shot settings.
Digitalisierung und Künstliche Intelligenz in der
Rheumatologie
Authors: Rudwaleit Martin , Richter Jutta G.
Published: August 2023

Wohl kaum ein anderer Bereich wird die Medizin in den nächsten Jahren derart
revolutionieren wie die Anwendung digitaler Applikationen und künstlicher
Intelligenz (KI). Die Geschwindigkeit und das Ausmaß der
Veränderungen in der Medizin durch Apps und KI lassen sich heute noch gar
nicht vollumfänglich erfassen. Die Erfahrungen mit Smartphones und sozialen
Medien haben uns jedoch gezeigt, wie gewaltig die Auswirkung technischer
Innovationen sein können.
Digitale Erfassung der Krankheitsaktivität –
Einblicke in ein Versorgungsforschungsprojekt.
Authors: Richter Jutta G. , Polyzou Maria , Kiltz Uta
Published: August 2023

Eine digitale Erfassung der Krankheitsaktivität mittels sogenannter
Gesundheits-Apps ist in der Rheumatologie valide möglich. Die
routinemäßige Verwendung von electronic
patient-reportedoutcomes(ePRO) vor bzw. während einer
Präsenzvisite ist hinsichtlich Datenäquivalenz gut untersucht.
Vorgestellt wird ein Versorgungsforschungsprojekt, das zeigte, dass ein
regelmäßiger ePRO Export bei axSpA Patienten mit hoher
Krankheitsaktivität angewendet werden kann und dass kein signifikanter
Unterschied zwischen digitalen und papierbasierten Scores bestand– die
Patientenselektion muss jedoch noch besser spezifiziert werden. Neben den
Vorteilen einer Gesundheits-App zur Überwachung und Therapiesteuerung
sind in der Nutzung von Gesundheits-Apps Hürden insbesondere im Bereich
der Patientenselektion, der Verfügbarkeit einer Gesundheits-App und
mögliche negative Einflüsse durch eine ggf. niedrige
Gesundheitskompetenz zu beachten. Gesundheits-Apps weisen eine Vielzahl an
vielversprechenden Funktionen und Effekten auf, die im Sinne des DiGA
Verzeichnisses noch nicht alle hinsichtlich der langfristigen Wirksamkeit und
des Einflusses auf die Versorgungsrealität untersucht sind.
Synthesis of Novel Phosphorus-Substituted Stable Isoindoles by a Three-Component Coupling Reaction of ortho-Phthalaldehyde, 9,10-Dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-Oxide, and Primary Amines
Authors: Sano Shigeki , Nakao Michiyasu , Nakamura Akihito , Takesue Tomoyuki , Kitaike Syuji , Ito Hiro-O
Published: August 2023

A three-component coupling reaction of ortho-phthalaldehyde, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide, and various primary amines readily afforded novel phosphorus-substituted stable isoindoles in good to excellent yields. The importance of the reversible ring-opening of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide by methanolysis in the three-component coupling reaction became apparent.
Esthesioneuroblastoma: Management of the N0 neck
Authors: Youssef Stephanie J. , Farrell Nyssa Fox
Published: August 2023

Esthesioneuroblastoma is a rare sinonasal malignancy that arises from the olfactory epithelium. The overall incidence of lymph node metastases is 25%. However, neck disease can present in a delayed fashion. As such, management of the clinically negative neck is controversial, with some advocating for elective neck treatment and others recommending observation with salvage treatment if necessary. At this time, no prospective head-to-head comparisons of elective versus salvage treatment have been performed.
Language attitudes in fast-growing societies: new insights in the dynamism dimension
Authors: Alhazmi Laila Mobarak
Published: August 2023

This paper explores broad language attitudes in Saudi Arabia. Using a verbal guise technique in an online questionnaire, the study investigates 568 Saudi participants’ attitudes toward four main dialects in the country. The results revealed a three-dimensional model that includes a two-type dynamism dimension and a solidarity dimension. The model adds to the previous discussion on language attitudes research, particularly to the topic of the dynamism dimension. The dimensional model contributes to language attitudes theory by challenging the dominance and significance of the dynamism dimension instead of the status dimension in rapidly urbanised countries such as Saudi Arabia. The findings also indicate that attitudes are affected by the social factors of dialect, gender, place of birth, and level of education. Three patterns emerged from social background effects: in-group loyalty, female participants’ willingness and acceptance towards dialect variations in Saudi Arabia and the impact of education in fostering less biased attitudes. The paper discusses the implications for Saudi Arabia’s educational system, proposing the inclusion of an educational programme in schools to enhance understanding of the value of linguistic and cultural diversity. Additionally, it highlights the role of media in reducing prejudice towards specific dialects.
Design and analysis of longitudinal–flexural hybrid transducer for ultrasonic peen forming
Authors: Li Wuqin , Zhu Yongyong , Lu Xiaolong , Li Huafeng , Wei Ying , Shang Pengwei , Feng Bo
Published: August 2023

Ultrasonic peen forming (UPF) is an emerging technology that exhibits great superiority in both its flexible operating modes and the deep residual stress that it produces compared with conventional plastic forming methods. Although ultrasonic transducers with longitudinal vibration have been widely studied, they have seldom been incorporated into UPF devices for machining in confined spaces. To meet the requirements of this type of machining, a sandwich-type piezoelectric transducer with coupled longitudinal–flexural vibrational modes is proposed. The basic structure of the transducer is designed to obtain large vibrational amplitudes in both modes. Experimental results obtained with a prototype device demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed transducer. The measured vibrational amplitude for the working face in the longitudinal vibrational mode is 1.0 μm, and electrical matching increases this amplitude by 40%. The flexural vibration characteristics of the same prototype transducer are also tested and are found to be slightly smaller than those of longitudinal mode. The resultant working strokes of the UPF impact pins reach 1.7 mm and 1.2 mm in the longitudinal and flexural modes, respectively. The forming capability of the prototype has been evaluated via 15-min machining on standard 2024-T351 aluminum plates. After UPF, an improved surface morphology with lower surface roughness is obtained. The aluminum plate test piece has an apparent upper deformation with an arc height of 0.64 mm. The measured peak value of the compressive residual stress is around 250 MPa, appearing at a depth of 100 μm. The proposed longitudinal–flexural hybrid transducer thus provides a high-performance tool for plate peen forming in confined spaces.
Fluid flow to mimic organ function in 3D in vitro models
Authors: Juste-Lanas Yago , Hervas-Raluy Silvia , García-Aznar José Manuel , González-Loyola Alejandra
Published: August 2023

Many different strategies can be found in the literature to model organ physiology, tissue functionality, and disease in vitro; however, most of these models lack the physiological fluid dynamics present in vivo. Here, we highlight the importance of fluid flow for tissue homeostasis, specifically in vessels, other lumen structures, and interstitium, to point out the need of perfusion in current 3D in vitro models. Importantly, the advantages and limitations of the different current experimental fluid-flow setups are discussed. Finally, we shed light on current challenges and future focus of fluid flow models applied to the newest bioengineering state-of-the-art platforms, such as organoids and organ-on-a-chip, as the most sophisticated and physiological preclinical platforms.
A comparative study on water entry and water walking events of elastic spheres
Authors: Yang Liu , Wei Yingjie , Xia Weixue , Xia Guangqing , Rao Zhonghao
Published: August 2023

This paper presents a comparative study on water entry and water walking events of elastic spheres using a fluid–structure interaction method. The sphere displacements, cavity formations, and hydrodynamic characteristics during the water entry and water walking events are investigated. When the impact angle decreases, an obliquely impacting elastic sphere on the water surface can undergo a transition from water entry events to water walking events. Based on the morphological classification of the cavity opening, the shapes of cavity openings formed by elastic spheres can be roughly predicted from material properties and impact conditions. Furthermore, the water walking event is characterized by three typical stages: impact below the surface, walking across the surface, and skipping from the surface. Each stage is analyzed in terms of sphere displacements and hydrodynamic characteristics. The results also show that the vertical hydrodynamic forces acting on elastic spheres are not always smaller than those acting on rigid spheres at all impact angles. The critical impact angle that results in an equivalent vertical hydrodynamic force acting on both elastic and rigid spheres can be predicted from the material properties and impact conditions of the elastic sphere.
A machine learning based prediction of elasto-plastic response of a short fiber reinforced polymer (SFRP) composite
Authors: Kumar Maharana Subrat , Soni Ganesh , Mitra Mira
Published: August 2023

Several homogenization techniques are available in the literature to compute the mechanical response of the short fiber-reinforced polymer (SFRP) composites. However, in some cases, the complex modeling of the SFRP makes it computationally expensive. In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) is developed to predict the elasto-plastic response of an SFRP. The datasets for training the ANN model are obtained from Mori-Tanaka mean-field homogenization using the commercial software Digimat. The elasto-plastic response predicted by the ANN model is compared with the experimental results and with different homogenization schemes reported in the literature. Additionally, the effect of significant parameters on the response of the SFRP is extensively studied using the ANN model.
Robust and provably monotonic networks
Authors: Kitouni Ouail , Nolte Niklas , Williams Mike
Published: August 2023

The Lipschitz constant of the map between the input and output space represented by a neural network is a natural metric for assessing the robustness of the model. We present a new method to constrain the Lipschitz constant of dense deep learning models that can also be generalized to other architectures. The method relies on a simple weight normalization scheme during training that ensures the Lipschitz constant of every layer is below an upper limit specified by the analyst. A simple monotonic residual connection can then be used to make the model monotonic in any subset of its inputs, which is useful in scenarios where domain knowledge dictates such dependence. Examples can be found in algorithmic fairness requirements or, as presented here, in the classification of the decays of subatomic particles produced at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Our normalization is minimally constraining and allows the underlying architecture to maintain higher expressiveness compared to other techniques which aim to either control the Lipschitz constant of the model or ensure its monotonicity. We show how the algorithm was used to train a powerful, robust, and interpretable discriminator for heavy-flavor-quark decays, which has been adopted for use as the primary data-selection algorithm in the LHCb real-time data-processing system in the current LHC data-taking period known as Run 3. In addition, our algorithm has also achieved state-of-the-art performance on benchmarks in medicine, finance, and other applications.