bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Morphometric Study of Typical and Atypical Lumbar Vertebrae in South Indian Population
Authors: Shalini Ramanathan , Pushpa Kaliyaperumal , Mangaiyarkkarasi Ponnusamy , Thiagarajan Sivakami
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

The lumbar vertebrae are affected in conditions such as congenital defects, degenerative diseases, accidents, and cancer metastasis. A thorough knowledge of the morphometry of typical and atypical lumbar vertebrae in adults of South Indian population is needed for lumbar spine surgeries.

Materials and Methods:

A descriptive study was done on 200 dry lumbar vertebrae, of which 100 were typical and 100 were atypical lumbar vertebrae. The following dimensions of both typical and atypical lumbar vertebrae were measured with digital vernier calipers: anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the body; anterior and posterior body heights; anteroposterior and transverse diameters of vertebral foramen; height, breadth, and width of the laminae; length, height, and width of the pedicles; transverse processes and spinous process; distance between the two superior articular processes; and the distance between the two inferior articular processes. All the measurements were tabulated. The mean and standard deviation were calculated for each of the parameters and the results were statistically analyzed.

Results:

The anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the body, the height of the laminae on both sides, the length and height of the spinous process, and the distance between the superior articular facets were significantly longer in atypical lumbar vertebrae than that of typical lumbar vertebrae (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in measurements between both sides.

Conclusion:

The dimensions of vertebral foramen, transverse processes, spinous processes, and distance between articular processes were different from the dimensions of previous studies. The morphometric data obtained will be useful for orthopedic procedures on the lumbar vertebrae in South Indian population.
Application of the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytology and Risk Stratification by Cytohistological Correlation
Authors: Iqbal Zeeshan , Rana Safia , Khetrapal Shaan , Trisal Monal , Ahmed Nehal , Jetley Sujata , Sharma Arun Prakash , Jairajpuri Zeeba Shamim
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

Salivary gland neoplasms are uncommon tumors comprising <3%–10% of all head-and-neck neoplasms. Recent WHO classification of salivary gland tumor added many newer entities; however, no definite risk-stratification system is specified to predict the likelihood of malignancy for each diagnostic category. The present study is designed to evaluate the salivary gland aspirates using the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytology for reporting correlating with histological diagnosis which will lead to determine the malignancy risk for each diagnostic category. Risk of malignancy is calculated by the ratio of cytopathology cases with a malignant histopathology to the total number of cytopathology cases with follow-up histopathology for that particular category.

Materials and Methods:

The present study was a cross-sectional study done prospectively over a period of 2 years, and a total of 72 participants were selected. This study characterized the cytological features of spectrum of salivary gland lesions varying from benign to malignant. The lesions were evaluated and classified cytologically according to “the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology” for reporting salivary gland neoplasms. Histopathological correlation was done with cytological diagnosis wherever possible.

Results:

In our study of 72 patients with salivary gland lesions with the mean age of the patient being 50.6 years and maximum number of lesions involved the parotid gland followed by the submandibular gland and sublingual gland. Majority of the lesions in the present study were nonneoplastic in nature followed by lesions benign in nature. Malignant lesions were least common in occurrence. Among 72 cases, majority of the cases were seen in Milan category II (nonneoplastic) consisting of 34 cases (47.2%), followed by 31 cases (43.1%) in Milan category IV (benign). Final diagnostic categorization of 72 cases of salivary gland lesions was done according to the Milan system and the histopathological correlation was available in 23 of these cases. Out of the 34 cases in Milan system category II (nonneoplastic), histopathological evaluation was done in 2 cases. Both the cases were benign in nature, 31 cases in Milan system category IV (benign) histopathological evaluation was done in 16 cases where 15 cases were benign in nature and 1 lesion was malignant. Four cases were put in category VI of the Milan system, histopathological evaluation was done in all the 4 cases which were all malignant in nature.

Conclusion:

The current study validates fine-needle aspiration cytology as a cost-effective and noninvasive procedure for differentiating between benign and malignant lesions of the salivary gland, information of critical importance when determining the patient's next course of treatment.
Squatting Facets and Trochlear Extensions of Talus Bone in Indian Population
Authors: Biswas Rintu , Pankaj Arvind Kumar , Anand Akriti , Verma Rakesh Kumar , Manik Punita , Rani Archana
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

The talus is a tarsal bone articulated with the tibia, fibula, navicular, and calcaneus bones to form supratalar, pretalar, and subtalar joints, respectively. A squatting facet is a kind of anomaly that forms on the surfaces where the tibia and talus articulate. The squatting facet states the daily activities and living style of society. Squatting is described as the hyperflexion of the hip and the knee and the movement of hyperdorsiflexion between the leg and the ankle.

Materials and Methods:

In the present cross-sectional study, 600 dry adult human tali were taken from the osteology laboratory in the Department of Anatomy, King George's Medical University, UP, Lucknow. Each talus was examined for the presence of various patterns of articular facets on the neck of the talus and extensions of its trochlear surface. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, as reference code: 121 ECMIIA/P3.

Results:

In our study, we observed that the lateral, medial, and combined squatting faces are 282 (47.64%), 49 (8.28%), and 22 (3.72%), respectively. Lateral, medial, and continuous trochlear extensions are 126 (21.12%), 120 (20.58%), and 31 (5.36%), respectively, in the Indian population.

Conclusion:

Modifications of the neck of the talus (squatting facets and trochlear extensions) are the result of prolonged squatting positions, which is a common habit of the Indian population, and incidences of these variations can be used as an anthropological marker for racial and regional differentiation of unidentified bones.
A Comparative Study of Fluticasone Propionate, Mometasone Furoate, and Saline Nasal Spray in the Treatment of Children with Adenoid Hypertrophy
Authors: Singh Gurbax , Jolly Pushkal , Prinja Sumit , Bawa A. G. S. , Vignesh A. K.
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

Adenoidectomy is currently considered the treatment of choice for relief of the nasal airway obstruction due to adenoid hypertrophy. Evidence suggests that topical nasal steroid sprays can cause a reduction in adenoid size. We aim to compare the effectiveness of fluticasone propionate, mometasone furoate (MF) and saline nasal sprays in relieving the signs and symptoms of adenoid hypertrophy and in reducing the size of the adenoids.

Materials and Methods:

We conducted a randomized comparative study on 60 patients divided into three groups A, B, C (20 each). Group A patients treated with fluticasone propionate nasal spray (400 μg/day), Group B patients treated with MF nasal spray (100 μg/day), and Group C patients treated with saline spray (0.65% w/v in purified water which is made isotonic and buffered). Treatment was given up to 12 weeks with follow-up at 4, 8, and 12 weeks and at each follow-up visit assessment was done. Final data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21 and numerical variables associated with different groups were analyzed and analysis of variance test was used.

Results:

Diagnostic nasal endoscopy and X-ray grades at day 1 among the study groups were not statistically significant, whereas, at 12 weeks results among fluticasone and mometasone groups were significantly better (P < 0.001) as compared to the saline group. There was a significant improvement in the symptoms under all the categories with the use of fluticasone and mometasone.

Conclusion:

In our study, both fluticasone propionate and MF were able to effectively reduce symptoms and signs of adenoid hypertrophy as well as help in reducing the size of the enlarged adenoid. Both these drugs were well tolerated by the patients.
Evaluation Of The Push-out Bond Strength Of The Bio-C Repair And Compare It With The Mineral Trioxide Aggregate And Amalgam When Used As Root-end Filling Material
Authors: Hammadi Fatimah R. , Abdul-Ameer Zainab M
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

We aimed to assess the push‐out bond strength of BIO-C REPAIR (a ready-to-use bioceramic material), and compare it with the mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and аmаlgаm.

Methods:

A total of 30 single-rooted, straight human maxillary central incisors were chosen. To keep the root canal length at 15 mm, the crown was resected. The teeth underwent endodontic treatment, along with the resection of their root ends and preparation of root-end cavities. The teeth were randomly allocated into three groups as follows: BIO-C REPAIR, MTА, and Zinc-free аmаlgаm. Utilizing a universal testing machine, the push-out test was done and the digital microscope was used to assess failure made. Data were analyzed by the one-way ANOVA and chi-square test using the Python software.

Results:

Statistically significant difference was found among study groups regarding push-out bond strength (p < 0.001) and mode of failure (p <  0.001). Post-hoc test showed MTA has significantly lower push-out bond strength than BIO-C REPAIR and amalgam (p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Within the limitation of this study, the push‐out bond strength for BIO-C REPAIR was higher than the MTA and nearly similar to the amalgam.
Compatibility of the 'Fun and Fit with Baby Exercise Programme' for mothers
Authors: Hashim Asha Hasnimy Mohd , Ibrahim Halijah , Zainuddin Zainal Abidin , Ghani Diyana Zulaika Abdul
Published: June 2023

Background:

The positive effects of physical activity on health have been extensively recorded; however, mothers with young children often face difficulties when it comes to engaging in exercise.

Aim and Objective:

The objective of this study was to assess the programme's suitability for mothers with young children.

Materials and Methods:

A programme called 'Fun and Fit with Baby' was created, consisting of 5-week exercise routines. The programme included weekly gatherings, and participants were given assistance in following the guided exercise routines while carrying young children in a baby carrier. These routines were as follows: (1) exercises for balance and posture, (2) exercises for muscle toning, (3) exercises for fat loss, (4) exercises for core pelvic muscles and (5) cardio exercises. Twelve mothers with children under the age of 6 years volunteered to participate in this programme. The compatibility of this programme was measured through body composition measurement, questionnaire after the participants completed the programme and participant observation.

Results:

The findings indicate that the programme provided an acceptable and supported opportunity for mothers with young children to participate in physical activity.

Conclusion:

This initiative demonstrates that a group exercised with similar goals have a key role in influencing, enabling, and supporting people to participate in health activities.
Comparing Malaysian and international track and field records through strength, weaknesses, opportunity and threats analysis to formulate strategies for performance improvement
Authors: Thung Jin Seng , Gao Jianhong , Hao Christopher Pok Yong , Azis Nur Zubillah , Amin Mohd Quasyairy Ajmain Mohd , See Min , Nor Emy Nor Asmieza Mohd , Kasim Mohamad Fajar Mohamed , Fazil Mohammad Hazwan Nizam , Kok Lian Yee
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

Resources for improving Malaysian track and field performance are limited and this may lead to gradual performance decrement at both local and international levels. The objective of this study was to assess current Malaysian outdoor track and field performance against regional multi-sport games.

Methods:

A historical analysis approach was conducted to understand previous track and field records through examination and interpretation of available online archives. A total of 179 records from the Malaysian Open, Malaysian National Records, Southeast Asian Games (SG), Asian Games (AG) and Commonwealth Games (CG) were identified from online databases and converted into World Athletics score points for the analysis of strength, weaknesses, opportunity and threats.

Results:

The results revealed that 11 events (eight males and three females) were identified as Malaysian strengths that were highly likely to succeed in upcoming SG.

Conclusions:

A few Malaysian records were set decades ago and there is a significant decrease in performance. Considerable attention is needed to close the performance gaps with other countries and unveil the true performance potential of Malaysian track and field athletes. A long-term development programme for talent recruitment, coach development, technology utilisation and nurturing the local competitive environment is needed to meet the AG and CG standards.
Liver Dysfunction in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Sultana Nadira , Roy Ranjit Ranjan , Jesmin Tahmina
Published: June 2023

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) frequently have elevated serum levels of liver enzymes. Hepatic abnormalities are suspected to be caused by hepatotoxic drugs, viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, fatty liver, and disease-related hepatitis. In the presenting cases, a drug-induced liver injury was diagnosed, which quickly returned to normal after the suspected causative medication was discontinued. Elevated liver enzymes are a major concern in SLE patients and should be thoroughly investigated.
The First Reported Case of Berardinelli-Seip Congenital Lipoatrophy in a Bangladeshi Child
Authors: Benzamin Md , Hoque Mujibul , Khan Md Shohidul Islam , Khanam Sharmin Mahbuba , Chowdhury Aparajita
Published: June 2023

An 11-month-old Bangladeshi female baby, the first issue of her non-consanguineous parents, presented with dysmorphic facies, prognathism, lack of subcutaneous fat in all body parts, and apparent muscular hypertrophy, excessive body hair (sparing the face, axilla, and pubic area), enlarge hand-feet, clitoromegaly and hepatomegaly, diagnosed as Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipoatrophy.
Topical anesthetics oxybuprocaine versus bupivacaine 0.5% in intravitreal injections
Authors: Mohamed Dina Moustafa , El-Sayeh Samy Mohamed , Salem Abeer Samir , Mahmoud Sara R. , Abuelela Manal Hassan , Fouly Marwa Abdel Kader , Mansour Marwa Ahmed El Biomey
Published: June 2023

Aim

This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of the local anesthetic bupivacaine 0.5% and oxybuprocaine hydrochloride 0.4% used topically to provide surface anesthesia before intravitreal injection (IVI) procedures.

Settings and design

This double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial was carried out at the Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Egypt.

Patients and methods

This trial included diabetic patients with glycated hemoglobin less than 7.5 mmol/l of both sexes, aged from 30 to 70 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists I, II, or III, who had central retinal vein occlusion and choroidal neovascularization. A total of 110 eligible patients were randomly allocated into two groups. Patients in group A received bupivacaine 0.5%, while those in group B received oxybuprocaine hydrochloride 0.4%. Both drugs were topically applied, three times, at 5 min intervals, for 15 min, which was followed by the IVI. The primary outcome was pain during the injection and the secondary outcome was corneal adverse effects.

Results

The frequency of pain-free IVI was equal in both groups (83.6% each, P=0.100). The difference in the mean heart rate after injection between groups A (81.4±12.7) and B (82.5±15.6) was nonsignificant (P=0.678). The rate of corneal side effects in terms of opacity or allergy to the topically applied drugs was nonsignificantly lower in group A compared with group B (9.1 vs. 12.7%, P=0.541).

Conclusions

The topical use of bupivacaine 0.5% had anesthetic efficacy similar to that of oxybuprocaine hydrochloride 0.4% during the IVI. Both the topical anesthetics were well tolerated by patients.
Diagnostic accuracy of the Brest score for prediction of acute heart failure in the emergency department
Authors: Fatah Ahmed Abd El , Wagdy Sherif , Alim Mohammed A. , Montasser Mina
Published: June 2023

Background

Early diagnosis and appropriate management of acute heart failure (AHF) is aimed at better hemodynamic balance, improved functional capacity, decreased mortality, and shorter length of hospital stay. However, this is often a challenge in the emergency department (ED), where diagnosis is mainly based on clinical signs and standard parameters. Early use of Brest score could reduce the diagnosis time and improve diagnostic accuracy.

Purpose

The aim of this study is to evaluate the validity of the Brest score in the prediction of AHF in undifferentiated dyspnea in ED.

Patients and methods

The study was conducted on 100 adult patients admitted to the ED of Alexandria Main University Hospital with acute dyspnea. The study was conducted to reach initial impression about AHF diagnosis, which was then compared with the final diagnosis to determine accuracy, agreement, sensitivity, and specificity.

Results

The data acquired from Brest score in the diagnosis of HF is compared with echocardiography as a gold standard. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for the data received from Brest score was 0.84, 95% confidence interval: 0.667–1, with a P value lower than 0.001 being highly significant.

Conclusion

The Brest score showed high accuracy in identifying AHF in ED, so it is considered a bedside, reliable, rapid, and noninvasive technique.
Different maneuvers for reducing postlaparoscopic shoulder and abdominal pain: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wahdan Rehab A. , Abd Ellatif Shereen E.
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The aim was to evaluate the effect of combination of recruitment maneuver (RM) or intraperitoneal saline infusion (IPS) to low-pressure pneumoperitoneum in reducing postlaparoscopic shoulder and abdominal pain in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecologic surgeries.

Patients and methods

This prospective blinded randomized controlled study was conducted on 108 patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecologic surgery. Patients were randomly allocated to four groups: group C (control group) patients received standard pressure pneumoperitoneum, group L received low-pressure pneumoperitoneum, group LR received low-pressure pneumoperitoneum and intermittent five times RM at a pressure of 40 cmH2O, and group LS received low-pressure pneumoperitoneum and IPS (15–20 ml/kg). Primary outcome was visual analog scale score for shoulder pain and abdominal pain at 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h postoperatively.

Results

The visual analog scale values of shoulder pain and abdominal pain were statistically significantly higher in the control group at different timings postoperatively compared with the interventional groups. Moreover, the LR group had the lowest statistically significant values at all different timings except at 2, 48, 72, and 96 h, where it had no significant difference with the LS group regarding shoulder pain. However, regarding abdominal pain values, the LS group had the lowest statistically significant values at 72 and 96 h postoperatively.

Conclusion

Adding of RM or IPS to low-pressure insufflation could significantly decrease the intensity of postlaparoscopic shoulder and abdominal pain. However, RM seems to be more effective but it is a relatively short-acting maneuver, whereas IPS seems to be less effective but it has a longer lasting effect.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: A rare disorder − a common malingerer
Authors: Kuri Harshavardhan R. , Sharma Ankur , Kanth Ravi Krishna
Published: June 2023

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a human prion, rare neurodegenerative disorder of unknown etiology that causes rapidly progressive dementia. Diagnosing CJD is difficult due to nonspecific clinical features and low suspicion. Rapidly progressive dementia accompanied with quick involuntary muscle jerking, visual disturbances, cerebellar and pyramidal/extrapyramidal signs are characteristic feature. Here we present a 62-year-old male with decreased appetite, appendicular rigidity and symmetrical progressive loss of vision since 1 month. EEG showed signs of 0.5–1.0 Hz periodic sharp wave complexes (PSWC) and MRI showed diffuse cerebral atrophy with ventriculomegaly. High level of suspicion and molecular diagnostic techniques forms the mainstay for its early identification.
Comparison between total intravenous anesthesia using propofol or dexmedetomidine versus sevoflurane during anesthesia of children undergoing bone marrow aspiration
Authors: ElHoshy Hassan S. , Khalifa Ayman F.
Published: June 2023

Background

Although bone marrow aspiration (BMA) in children is a familiar short duration procedure, nearly 65% of patients develop sever anxiety that may extend more beyond, up to chronic postoperative behavioral changes. Consequently, the objectives of any related anesthetic technique is to afford smooth nontraumatic induction with safe maintenance and rapid recovery. The rational of the current study is to assess the outcomes of total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) using propofol or dexmedetomidine versus sevoflurane for maintenance of anesthesia in children scheduled for BMA.

Patients and methods

A total of 60 children aged 3–12 years of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II, who planned to undergo elective BMA and biopsy were enrolled randomly to one of three groups (20 child each) receiving either sevoflurane inhalational anesthesia for induction, then sevoflurane and fentanyl infusion for maintenance (group S), propofol infusion for induction afterward propofol and fentanyl infusions for maintenance of anesthesia (group P) or dexmedetomidine infusion for induction after that dexmedetomidine and fentanyl infusions for maintenance (group D). The primary endpoint was postoperative sedation score on arriving the postanesthetic care unit after the procedure. Secondary outcomes included procedure duration, hemodynamic variables, parents and surgeons satisfaction and incidences of any adverse events.

Results

Hemodynamics revealed statistically comparable significant decrease in the three studied groups relative to the preoperative baseline levels. Values of oxygen saturation in group D showed significant increase relative to those of group P. Time for spontaneous eye open were significantly shorter in group P comparable to the other two groups (P<0.001). Members of group D were more sedated relative to the other two groups. Satisfaction of both parents and surgeons were significantly higher in the group D relative to the other two studied groups (P<0.05).

Conclusion

TIVA with dexmedetomidine can be a superior alternative to TIVA with propofol or sevoflurane for maintenance of anesthesia in children scheduled for BMA in consequence of favorable hemodynamic stability and smooth recovery profile.
Open lung approach versus conventional protective ventilation in obese patients undergoing open abdominal surgery: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Aly Amani A. , Medhat Marwa M.
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Open abdominal surgeries are associated with an increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications, especially in obese patients, which seem to be related directly to intraoperative mechanical ventilation. The present study aimed to compare the effect of using conventional protective ventilation (CPV) [low tidal volume and fixed positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP)] with open lung approach (OLA) (recruitment maneuver followed by personalized PEEP) on postoperative pulmonary complications.

Patients and methods

A total of 56 obese patients undergoing open abdominal surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled and randomly assigned to either the CPV group in which they received a tidal volume of 7 ml/kg with fixed PEEP level of 5 cmH2O or the OLA group in which they had alveolar recruitment maneuver followed by individualized PEEP. The primary outcome was the early postoperative pulmonary complications during the first 5 days after surgery. Secondary outcomes included lung mechanics, gas exchange, and hemodynamics during the intraoperative period as well as length of hospital stay, postoperative extrapulmonary complications, and intrahospital mortality.

Results

Postoperative pulmonary complications in the first 5 days were significantly higher in the CPV than in the OLA group. During the intraoperative period, the static compliance, the PEEP, and plateau pressure were significantly higher in the OLA group than the CPV group. On the contrary, driving pressure was significantly lower in the OLA group. Better oxygenation was observed in the OLA group in the intraoperative period and postoperative days 1 and 3. Pulmonary function tests were significantly better among patients who received the OLA on the first and third postoperative days.

Conclusion

The OLA may be used as an acceptable alternative to CPV as it was associated with less postoperative pulmonary complications, better intraoperative and postoperative oxygenation, and better postoperative pulmonary functions.
Sacral ESP for pain management in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion cases: A case series
Authors: Gupta Anju , Diwan Sandeep , Shankar Vivek
Published: June 2023

Lumbar erector spinae plane block (ESPB) is effective for spine surgeries but is deep and technically demanding. Sacral ESPB is a novel approach for sacrococcygeal procedures and can potentially cover lumbar dermatomes by the cranial drug spread. This is the first reported case series demonstrating the potential analgesic efficacy of sacral ESPB for lumbar spine surgeries. Five patients with radiculopathy at the lumbosacral area level were scheduled for transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF). General anaesthesia was induced as per standard practice. All patients received sacral ESP in a prone position under ultrasound guidance with a needle inserted in-plane while targeting the fascial plane between the S2 median crest and overlying muscles. All the included patients had good analgesia in the postoperative period and required minimal opioid analgesic doses. Sacral ESPB is an easy, effective, and safe technique in the scheme of multimodal analgesia for TLIF surgeries as a component of pre-emptive analgesia, where the main goal is an opioid-sparing effect.
Ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block compared to serratus anterior muscle block for postoperative analgesia in modified radical mastectomy surgeries: A randomized control trial
Authors: Nyima Tenzin , Palta Sanjeev , Saroa Richa , Kaushik Robin , Gombar Satinder
Published: June 2023

Background and Objectives:

The present study was undertaken to compare the analgesic efficacy of erector spinae plane (ESP) block with serratus anterior muscle (SAM) block in patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy (MRM). We hypothesized that ESP block would provide better postoperative pain relief than SAM block following MRM.

Methods:

Eighty American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) I–II adult females, scheduled for MRM, were randomly allocated to receive either ultrasound-guided ipsilateral single-shot ESP or SAM block after induction in the respective planes, using 20 ml of 0.25% ropivacaine. Both the groups received postoperative intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) (morphine) for 24 h. The primary outcome was to assess pain severity using a visual analogue scale (VAS) score. Postoperative 24-h opioid consumption, time to first opioid analgesia, hemodynamic variables, total dose of antiemetics, and safety profile of both the blocks were also evaluated. Data analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21.0 (SPSS Inc. Chicago, Illinois, USA).

Results:

VAS scores were lower in the ESP block group, at rest and on movement, and the difference was statistically significant (p< 0.05). Postoperative morphine consumption was also significantly less in patients receiving ESP block as compared to SAM block (3.13 ± 1.44 mg vs 4.33 ± 1.69 mg;P= 0.001). The time to first analgesia request was significantly prolonged in the ESP group as compared to the SAM group (9.58 ± 4.11 h vs 6.46 ± 2.95 h;P= 0.001). No major side effects were observed in any of the study groups.

Conclusions:

ESP block provides better analgesia as compared to SAM block after MRM.

Clinical trial registration number:

CTRI/2019/03/018067.
Emergency cesarean section in glanzmann thrombasthenia: Anaesthetic management without recombinant factor VIIa
Authors: Priyanka Andal , Arulprakasam Santhosh , Rudingwa Priya
Published: June 2023

Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) is a congenital disorder inherited autosomal recessively, caused by deficiency of platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex leading to defective platelet aggregation, and manifesting as mucocutaneous bleeding. Parturients with GT requiring emergency cesarean section are at high risk for perioperative bleeding complications. The anesthetist should be prepared with the necessary measures to control bleeding. This paper presents the successful management of a 23-year-old primigravida with GT undergoing cesarean section in a resource-limited setup where thromboelastography and recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) are not available.
Peripheral nerve blocks for the management of lumbo-sacral radiculopathy: A prospective study
Authors: Kumar Sumedha Suresh , Kumar Ajit , Talawar Praveen , Kaushal Ashutosh , Rekha  , Sangadala Priyanka , Kumar Deepak , Kumar Karthikeyan Suresh
Published: June 2023

Background:

The epidural injections used to treat lumbar radiculopathy are potentially associated with serious complications like neurological injuries and epidural abscess. The nociceptors have the unique property of being pseudo-unipolar, as its both ends are expected to be functionally same. We have hypothesized that peripheral nerve blocks given at the distal site should be able to provide pain relief. This prospective study was planned to assess the efficacy of peripheral nerve blocks in lumbar radiculopathy.

Methods:

Thirty-four patients who fit the eligibility criteria were included in this open labeled prospective preliminary study. They were administered peripheral nerve blocks at ankle level with 4 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine and 40 mg of triamcinolone.

Outcomes measured:

The outcomes measured at 15 days, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months after the intervention were the pain intensity (Numerical Rating Scale), the Global Perceived Effect, functional status (Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire), Beck’s Depression Inventory score, employment status, and analgesic intake.

Results:

At 15 days, 1 month, and 2 months, 88% of the patients reported a ≥50% decrease in their pain scores and a GPE ≥6, while at 3 months 85% of the patients reported a significant decrease in their pain scores and a GPE ≥6.

Conclusion:

Peripheral nerve blocks are effective in the management of pain in patients with chronic lumbosacral radiculopathy. The ability to administer it in an outpatient setting, without image guidance and the absence of debilitating side effects, makes it an attractive treatment option.
Post‐quantum identity‐based authenticated multiple key agreement protocol
Authors: Yang Yang , Yuan Hongji , Yan Linbo , Ruan Yinglan
Published: June 2023

Authenticated multiple key agreement (AMKA) protocols provide participants with multiple session keys after one round of authentication. Many schemes use Diffie–Hellman or authenticated key agreement schemes that rely on hard integer factorizations that are vulnerable to quantum algorithms. Lattice cryptography provides quantum resistance to authenticated key agreement protocols, but the certificate always incurs excessive public key infrastructure management overhead. Thus, a lightweight lattice‐based secure system is needed that removes this overhead. To answer this need, we provide a two‐party lattice‐ and identity‐based AMKA scheme based on bilateral short integer or computational bilateral inhomogeneous small integer solutions, and we provide a security proof based on the random oracle model. Compared with existing AMKA protocols, our new protocol has higher efficiency and stronger security.
Mechanical and thermal characterization of condom industry waste reinforced natural rubber composites - Circular economy approach
Authors: Bashpa P , Bijudas K , Dileep P , Singh Mehar , Elanthikkal Silviya , Francis Tania
Published: June 2023

Condom industry waste mainly consists of light magnesium carbonate (LMC), which is extensively used as a finishing powder during the final stages of condom production. This LMC waste (LW) is usually disposed of as a landfill, causing an increase in the hardness of water. LW generated in HLL Lifecare Limited, India, was procured, characterized by analytical techniques, and reutilized in natural rubber (NR) as a reinforcing filler. The prepared composites were subjected to rheological, mechanical, thermal and sorption characterizations. In comparison to NR neat, the composite with 3 phr (parts per hundred of rubber) LW showed a rise in tensile strength, tear strength, and modulus at 300% elongation by 22%, 20%, and 28%, respectively. A remarkable decrease in abrasion loss is also evidenced. The activation energy (Ea) for degradation, calculated by the Coats-Redfern (CR) method, showed 10 kJmol-1 increase for composite with 3 phr LW, proving its better thermal stability. It also exhibited higher solvent uptake resistance, as established by sorption experiments. The superior properties of this composite have been attributed to the uniform LW distribution and ameliorated NR-LW interaction. Hence, the prepared composites find considerable potential in manufacturing industrial NR components accomplishing a circular economy.
Spatial Experience Design of a Collaborative Space in the University Library
Authors:   Korea Institute of Design Research Society, Kim Sung Woo , Kang Do Yeon , Lee Sujin , Ha Seungjin , Ko Ha Gyeong , Koo Minseong
Published: June 2023

A space serves as a platform of experience, and the overall satisfaction of a space is shaped by various experiential elements that users encounter during their stay. This project aims to pinpoint the spatial experiences in the process of building a student-centered creative, collaborative, and communicative space in a university library that increase the utilization and satisfaction of the space. Furthermore, the project explores how these elements contribute to the overall 'placeness' of the space and how they can be integrated into the refurbishment process. Utilizing service design thinking as a guiding framework, we formulated a vision for the spatial experience, identifying key experiential elements across the servicescape's three dimensions. Specifically, we highlighted the allowance of permissible white noise for the 'ambient condition' dimension, movable furniture and ubiquitous floor outlets for the 'spatial layout and functionality' dimension, and a cozy rest area with a daily-changing arrangement emblematic of the dynamic, open, and independent nature of university students for the 'signs, symbols, and artifacts' dimension. We then generated diverse ideas for embedding the components in the space. The generated ideas were assessed through the desktop-walkthrough technique and incorporated into the renovation. After two months of use of the space, we evaluated students’ UX satisfaction through on-site observation and interviews, and verified that experiential components successfully stimulated students' activities, and the intended placeness was established within the space.
A study of a UX/UI design class using the design thinking process model
Authors:   Korea Institute of Design Research Society, Kim Kyeong Hey , Nam Won Suk
Published: June 2023

In the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, which has brought about major changes in the technological environment, UX/UI design has become important not only for its design expression capabilities, which have always been important, but also for its creative ability to observe various information in the modern world and discover new perspectives. In line with this trend, the curriculum of the Ministry of Education is also devising various teaching methods to grow into a leading person with observation, inclusiveness, and creativity based on basic skills. In line with this, we aimed to develop a UX/UI design class model that applies the design thinking process model to foster basic knowledge education and human-centered creativity while conducting UX/UI design education at a specialized high school. By analyzing the theory of design thinking, previous research, and the current status of UX/UI design education in specialized high schools, we organized a UX/UI design class using the design thinking process model, wrote a teaching plan, and conducted the class. In the post-lesson survey of the students, the effect of improving inclusion and creativity was 4.64 on average, and the satisfaction level was 4.68 on average, and the results of the practitioner's feasibility review based on the lesson model and the survey were 4.70 on average, showing high feasibility, confirming that this study contributed to improving knowledge acquisition, inclusion, and creativity of UX/UI design.
Analysis of Dashboard Design Patterns of Infectious Diseases in Korea
Authors:   Korea Institute of Design Research Society, Kim Min Jung , Lee Ha Na
Published: June 2023

In the era of the pandemic, the importance of disease data visualization has been underscored. This study critically examines the design of disease data dashboards, specifically focusing on those utilized by the infectious disease management support teams. These dashboards, primarily intended for professional use, employ detailed charts to represent extensive data sets. Our analysis reveals that while there has been a concerted effort to customize visualizations to fit region-specific data, significant enhancements from a usability perspective are required. Consequently, we argue that infectious disease dashboards should progress towards accommodating personalized and public health needs, taking into account the divergent requirements across user types. In this transformation, the synergistic collaboration of UX/UI designers and data visualization experts is deemed indispensable, with the ultimate aim to construct a system capable of providing macroscopic insights into infection statuses. This study hence contributes to the ongoing discourse by proposing vital elements for the improvement of infectious disease dashboards, anticipating its findings to serve as a valuable resource in the effective construction of future dashboards.
The Presence of the Monogenean Helminth Grubea cochlear Diesing, 1858 from Chub Mackerel (Scomber japonicus) Caught in The Çanakkale Strait, Türkiye
Authors: ALDIK Ruhay , ÇAKIR Fikret
Published: June 2023

In this study, 75 chub mackerels that were caught in the Canakkale Strait in Türkiye between October to December, 2019, were examined for the presence of parasites. The length and weight of all fish were measured and the external body area, oral cavity, nostrils, fins, and gills were examined. Gill samples were examined under a stereomicroscope and all suspicious findings were preserved in 99.99% ethanol. The mean length and weight of fish were 24.84±0.39cm and 146.01±7.16 gr, respectively. It was determined that the collected parasite is Grubea cochlear, a monogenic helminth belonging to the Mazocraeidea family. The chub mackerel, in which the specimen of G. cochlera was isolated among the gill filaments, was a female with a total length of 18.5 cm and a weight of 49.80 gr. This finding of Grubea cochlear isolated from the gills of chub mackerel is the first record of this species in this region.
Acumulación de capital y cambio climático. Producción de valor en los proyectos REDD+ implementados en comunidades colombianas afrodescendientes
Authors: Vega Ruiz Ricardo
Published: June 2023

El mercado de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, también conocido como mercado de carbono, fue instituido por la Convención Marco de Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático como el principal medio para enfrentar la amenaza climática. En la bibliografía crítica sobre el mercado de carbono, se ha desarrollado una polémica referente al origen de las ganancias que empresas y países se apropian al participar en él. Por un lado, están los defensores de la tesis de la renta, que señalan que las ganancias surgen de la captura de valor producido en actividades económicas no relacionadas con el mercado de carbono. Por otro lado, están los defensores de la tesis de la plusvalía, que aseguran que el mercado de carbono es un nuevo espacio de acumulación y que las ganancias surgen de nuevas mercancías cargadas de valor y plusvalía. A partir del caso de estudio de un proyecto de Reducción de Emisiones por Deforestación y Degradación evitada de bosques, este artículo aporta evidencia que respalda la tesis de la plusvalía: el mercado de carbono crea nuevos procesos productivos centrados en la reducción de emisiones en los que se produce plusvalía que sería la fuente de las ganancias.
Digital educational platforms: structure and principles of work
Authors: Garanin M. A. , Ivashcheva K. A.
Published: June 2023

The purpose of the study is to study the conditions and principles for the formation of digital educational platforms as a stage in the development of the system of staffing industries and human capital. To achieve this goal, the following main tasks were set and solved: an analysis was made of existing trends and factors in the development of the system of vocational education, resource constraints of educational organizations; development of the structure and principles of the formation of digital educational platforms, the economic model of its work; the nature of the relationship between key performance indicators is determined.

The object of the study is digital platforms that emulate the management of vocational education. Such platforms are seen as the next stage in the evolution of the vocational education system. The subject of the study is the process of implementing professional educational programs, which evolves from educational organizations that own educational programs to digital educational platforms that unite participants in the educational process (developers of educational programs, teachers, students, business).

The practical significance of the study lies in expanding the possibility of using digital educational platforms that can be used in parallel with traditional systems of vocational education. The main result of the presented research is the development of the structure, principles of formation and economic model of digital educational platforms, which are considered as the next stage in the development of the vocational education system.

This study is part of a comprehensive scientific study on the improvement of the human capital development system, conducted on the basis of the Samara State Transport University.
Methodology for using digital educational tools
Authors: Rusinova E. S.
Published: June 2023

The article discusses the process of designing a modern lesson using electronic educational resources and digital tools, the role of teaching aids in the educational process.

Analyzed didactic model of V.P. Smirnov, which is used in both traditional and distance learning. The process of designing a lesson through this model is looked at.

In pedagogical work, when summing up the final results of training, mental skills are systematized and classified using the taxonomy of the American psychologist B.S. Bloom. In accordance with the taxonomy, the learning outcomes make it possible to understand how well the student has mastered the content of the discipline.

The studies of Robert Gagne were studied, who developed a simple 9-step algorithm that can make the learning process as efficient as possible. Each level of education corresponds to a specific task, for the solution of which a variety of techniques, methods, teaching aids are offered. These stages of events are known to pedagogy even before Gagne, he designed and assembled them into his system. Stimulating internal learning processes with digital tools can dramatically improve performance.

The teacher is asked to be careful about the choice of digital tools for implementation in their professional activities, to use well-established teaching methods and tools, to introduce new resources gradually.
New digital payment services as a driver for the development of the transport and logistics ecosystem
Authors: Drozdov V. G. , Shiryaeva J. S. , Tikhonova J. V. , Ovodova A. M.
Published: June 2023

Digitalization is currently one of the main drivers for the development of all sectors of the economy. The main principles of functioning and competitive advantages of Russia's largest payment service are discussed in the research. The introduction of new digital services contributes to both the efficiency of economic activity and an increase in transparency. The development and use of a unified payment system in the railway industry helps to reduce costs and improve the quality of customer experience in both freight and passenger transportation. The introduction of the Rapid Payment System service at the national level contributes to the unification and harmonization of digital processes in banking and the interaction of B2B and B2C segments in the transport and logistics ecosystem. The high level of cybersecurity of Rapid Payment System contributes to both technological sovereignty of the industry and Russia as a whole.
Added Value of Canned Patin Fish as a Product of Patin Fish Agroindustry from South Sumatera
Authors: Natalia Beta , Wildayana Elisa , Riswani Riswani
Published: June 2023

The South Sumatra Provincial Government has provided processed food canning production facilities for developing downstream food industry products produced by food MSMEs in South Sumatra Province. Information related to the added value obtained from the canning business of processed food products and their marketing conditions is still not widely known. The purpose of this study is to calculate income and analyze the added value of fresh Patin fish in canned Patin fish Pindang products. This research was conducted at the location of the Regional Research and Development Board processed food canning production facility in South Sumatra Province with purposive sampling, namely canned Patin fish Pindang with the brand “Tangkep” processed with canning facilities provided by the South Sumatra Provincial Government through Regional Research and Development Board. The Hayami method was used for the calculation of added value analysis for canned Patin fish Pindang products. The results showed that the profits obtained based on added value analysis, namely 51% of the sales of the products, were received by business actors, namely the Tangkep MSMEs. It can be concluded that the processing of fresh Patin fish into canned Patin fish Pindang products was classified as profitable with high added value because the value-added ratio was > 40%.