bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Water absorption and improvement of methods for electrical conductivity test in acacia seeds
Authors: Oliveira Daniel Luiz de , Smiderle Oscar Jose , Paulino Pollyana Priscila Schurtz , Souza Aline Das Graças
Published: September 2016

It was intended in this work to characterize the water absorption standard after seed dormancy break and establishing the amount of water, container size and the need of breaking the tegument dormancy for the application of the electrical conductivity test in small and large seeds of A. mangium with different ages established in poor yielding-capacity soils on savannah areas of Roraima. The seeds were collected on trees 10, 8 and 6 years old, afterwards, classified into large and small, constituting six lots. Germination test with four replications of 50 seeds for each lot on germitest® paper maintained on gerbox at 25°C was carried out. Imbibition was verified with weighing in the times of 0, 2, 5, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96 and 120 hours with the seeds placed between papers. The electrical conductivity test consisted of three experiments, distinguished by the amount of water utilized and by the size of the container in which the seeds were immersed. Seeds of A. mangium coming from trees over 10 years old presented increased germination percent and germination speed than seeds of six-year old trees. Small seeds present increased electrical conductivity and water absorption till 120 hours relative to large seeds. The immersion of seeds of A. mangium in 40 mL of distilled water into 180-mL plastic containers, after dormancy break, is indicated for the determination of electrical conductivity.
Significance of porosity and pore accessibility for the selection of ion exchange adsorbents for chromatographic purification of macromolecules
Authors: Ingle Umesh M. , Lali Arvind M.
Published: September 2016

Selection of adsorbent for the development of purification process for biomolecules is crucial due to the requirement of large number of binding sites and adsorption area. Considering this, porous structure with high charge density is selected as an adsorbent for macromolecule purification. Such selection may provide high static binding capacity but causes loss of separation performance due to improper porosity of adsorbent in comparison to solute sizes involved. To address this problem for the screening of adsorbent, this work reports adsorbent selection procedure on the basis of adsorbent pore diameter (dp), solute hydrodynamic dimensions (RH), and flow velocity in support of binding capacity. Towards that end, this study evaluated the pore accessibility performance of varying characteristics adsorbents using tracers like acetone, lysozyme, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) by designing nonbinding conditions. All screened adsorbents showed certain loss of total surface area depending on the solute dimensions and pore size. Sepharose type adsorbents showed accessible area loss up to 25% for lysozyme and 50% for BSA. Sepabeads type showed 30% loss, while macroporous UNO type showed only 7% loss of surface area for lysozyme. The study correlates accessibility with size ratio β (dp/RH). The value of β > 38 is found to be required for the accessibility of total pore area and optimum separation performance of ion exchangers investigated. Accessibility and β provide useful information for the selection of suitable adsorbent for the purification of macromolecules.
Insights from 100 years of research with probiotic E. coli
Authors: Wassenaar Trudy M.
Published: September 2016

A century ago, Alfred Nissle discovered that intentional intake of particular strains of Escherichia coli could treat patients suffering from infectious diseases. Since then, one of these strains became the most frequently used probiotic E. coli in research and was applied to a variety of human conditions. Here, properties of that E. coli Nissle 1917 strain are compared with other commercially available E. coli probiotic strains, with emphasis on their human applications. A literature search formed the basis of a summary of research findings reported for the probiotics Mutaflor, Symbioflor 2, and Colinfant. The closest relatives of the strains in these products are presented, and their genetic content, including the presence of virulence, genes is discussed. A similarity to pathogenic strains causing urinary tract infections is noticeable. Historic trends in research of probiotics treatment for particular human conditions are identified. The future of probiotic E. coli may lay in what Alfred Nissle originally discovered: to treat gastrointestinal infections, which nowadays are often caused by antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
Expansion of the geographic range of Cyatta abscondita Sosa‑Calvo et al., 2013 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Ramos Carolina S. , Santoandré Santiago , Sánchez Andrés F. , Zurita Gustavo A. , Filloy Julieta
Published: September 2016

The presence of the recently described fungus-farming ant genus and species Cyatta abscondita is reported in the northwestern region of Misiones Province in Argentina. A single worker of C. abscondita was collected in a pitfall trap in a mature plantation of Pinus taeda in the Atlantic Forest biome. This finding expands the distribution of the genus and species, extending it farther south in the Neotropics.
MARINE SPONGE Aaptos suberitoides, IT’S POTENTIAL SOURCE OF NATURAL ANTIBACTERIAL FOR CONTROLLING Vibrio harveyi ON TIGER SHRIMP (Penaeus monodon) CULTURE
Authors: Rosmiati Rosmiati , Parenrengi Andi , Suryati Emma
Published: September 2016

The study aims to isolate and identify the natural antibacterial compounds potential from Aaptos suberitoides for Vibrio harveyi control on tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) culture. The agar diffusion method using paper discs was used to determine the antibacterial activity of extracts (diethyl ether (DEE), butanol (BUE) and aqueous (HOE) and compounds successfully isolated against Vibrio harveyi. Findings showed that the antibacterial activity was concentrated in BUE with the inhibition zone of 17.2±0.1 mm. Meanwhile, two other extracts (DEE and HOE) did not exhibit any antibacterial activity against V. harveyi. From the active BUE, it was successfully isolated two compounds giving a strong anti-vibrio activity with the inhibition zone of 22±0.1 mm. The IR, 1H, 13C, COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and MS spectrum analysis indicated that both active compounds identified as aaptamine (1) and 9-demethyloxyaaptamine (2). The study suggested that marine sponge A. suberitoides may have potential compounds source for controlling of V. harveyi on tiger shrimp culture.
POTENTIAL USE OF ORGANIC MINERAL AS MINERAL SOURCE FOR DIET OF JUVENILE VANNAMEI SHRIMP, Penaeus vannamei
Authors: Laining Asda , Syah Rachman , Muslimin Muslimin
Published: September 2016

The use of organic mineral (OM) has been recently introduced in aquaculture both as feed supplement and water quality improvement. A feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate a response dose of OM on growth, survival, and mineral content in whole the body and carapace of vannamei shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). Three diets were supplemented with different levels of organic mineral at 1 (OM1), 2 (OM2) and 4 (OM4) g/100 g diet. Positive control was a diet without OM inclusion but supplemented with commercial mineral mixture at level of 4 g/100 g diet. Juvenile vannamei shrimp with average initial body weight of 3.5±0.1 g were stocked into 12 tanks with a capacity of 200 L. After 75 days feeding trial, highly significant weight gains was observed in shrimp fed OM at all levels compared to the positive control. However, no significant differences were found among dietary OM groups. The growth response was clearly shown by the same values of SGRs in the three OM supplemented groups (1.1%/d) and only differed significantly from positive control. Increasing of dietary OM significantly improved survival rate of shrimp where the highest was observed in group fed OM1 and the lowest was in control diet. Effect of dietary OM on whole body Ca and P were quite similar while whole body Ca and P content of OM1 group was slightly high and tended to decrease in two groups with higher level dietary OM. However, no significant differences among the treatment groups. A clear response of supplementing OM in diet was detected on whole body Zn content. Increase of dietary OM resulted in an increase of Zn content in whole body. The effect was clearly shown when diet contained 2% and 4% OM. Carapace Ca content was highly significant when diet contained 2% OM. Similar to whole body Zn content, there was also a linear trend of response dose of dietary OM on carapace Zn content which the highest was found in dietary OM4. Based on growth, survival rate, and Zn content in whole body and carapace, dietary OM at 1 g/100 g diet can replace mineral mixture as mineral source in diet of vannamei shrimp.
EFFECT OF DYNAMICAL WATER QUALITY ON SHRIMP CULTURE IN THE INTEGRATED MULTITROPIC AQUACULTURE (IMTA)
Authors: Pantjara Brata , Syafaat Muhammad Nur , Kristanto Anang Hari
Published: September 2016

One of the technologies to improve the productivity of shrimp farms are environmentally friendly shrimp farming multitrophic integrated system known as Integrated Multitrophic Aquaculture (IMTA). The aims of the study were to observe the water quality dynamic on the integrated multitrophic aquaculture and the effect on the production. This study was used four plots which each of pond had 4,000 m2 in sizing, located in experiment pond, at Research and Development Institute for Coastal Aquaculture, Maros. The main commodities used were tiger and vannamei shrimp. In the A pond was cultivated the tiger shrimp with density 12 ind./m2, in B pond was tiger shrimp with density 8 ind./m2, C pond was vannamei shrimp with density 50 ind./m2, and D pond was vannamei shrimp with density 25 ind./m2. Other commodities were red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Each pond had stocking density 2,400 ind./plot which was divided into 5 hapas having a size of (6 m x 4 m x 1.2 m)/each, mangrove oysters (Crassostrea iredalei and Saccostrea cucullata) with density 7,500 ind./4,000 m2 and seaweed (Gracilaria verrucosa) of 500 kg/4,000 m2. The observation of dynamic water quality in the pond was conducted every day i.e. temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, and measured pH, while the total organic matter total (TOM), total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrite, nitrate, phosphate were taken every two weeks. The measurements methods of water quality in laboratory was refered to APHA (2008); and Boyd (1990). During the study, absorption of N and P in seaweed were measured, the obtained plankton was identified and the ratio of carbon and nitrogen during the observation was also calculated. To determine the effect of dominant water quality on production was used the principal component analysis (PCA). The result showed that water quality during the study was suitable for shrimp and red tilapia culture. The dominant water qualities which effected the shrimp production in IMTA system were total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), oxygen, total organic matter (TOM), phosphate, and salinity. The survival rate of the tiger shrimp in intensive pond and semi intensive pond was 50.68% and 59.28% respectively, while the survival rate of the vannamei shrimp in intensive and semi intensive was 71.26% and 68.06% respectively. The highest shrimp production in the cultivation of IMTA reached was 1,488 kg/pond (3,720 kg/ha) in C pond. The lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) was obtained in the D pond (0.89). The highest production of red tilapia in IMTA reached in C pond (426.65 kg/pond).
THE DYNAMICS OF GENETIC VARIABILITY IN THREE GENERATIONS OF MASS SELECTION FOR FAST GROWTH IN AFRICAN CATFISH, Clarias gariepinus ASSESSED BY MICROSATELLITE MARKERS
Authors: Imron Imron , Iswanto Bambang , Marnis Huria , Suprapto Rommy , Ridzwan Narita Syawalia
Published: September 2016

Selective breeding aiming at improving the performance of economically important traits acts by exploiting population’s phenotypic variance. Due to the relationship between phenotype and genotype, selection on phenotype may also affect the profile of genotype. This study was aimed to monitor the impact of three generations of mass selection for fast growth in African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, on genetic variability, assessed by microsatellite. A total of 350 fish representing four populations, namely a composite base population (G-0), selected lines of the first generation (G-1) to the third generation (G-3), were sampled. The samples were screened for their genetic diversity using five microsatellite loci1 namely cga01, cga02, cga03, cga05, and cga09. Several genetic parameters including number of allele (A), allelic richness (AR), observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosity, and fixation index (Fis) were evaluated. The results showed that there was a slight increase in the value of diversity indices in the G-1 relative to the G-0 and to the other two generations. Among these parameters, the number of allele seemed to be the most sensitive parameter in detecting genetic changes. All populations experienced heterozygote deficit and positive fixation index indicating the phenomena of inbreeding. Overall, selection for growth for three generations in African catfish breeding program resulted in significant genetic differentiation between populations. Further, the level of genetic differentiation seemed to accumulate along with the number of generaton in breeding program. However, selection did not result in a decline in genetic diversity within population. A relatively short period of the program, along with the use a high number of broodstock (mating pairs) to produce each generation seems to be able to maintain the stability of genetic diversity of the population.
IDENTIFICATION OF A LOCAL PROBIOTIC BACTERIUM USING 16S rRNA GENE SEQUENCE THAT WAS USED FOR FIELD TRIAL TO ENHANCED WHITELEG SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei) SURVIVAL
Authors: Rahayu Tb. Haeru , Sugama Ketut
Published: September 2016

The use of local probiotics in the culture of aquatic organisms is increasing with the demand for more environmental-friendly aquaculture practices. The local bacterium isolate considered as a probiotic was added into the water of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) culture in a field trial. Four rectangular plastic ponds (ca. 20 m x 30 m per pond) were used for 100 days experimentation for six consecutive crops in two years experiment. Survival, harvest size, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and Vibrio bacterial count was compared with those of shrimp receiving and none of local isolate. Identification based on 16S rRNA gene sequence shown those isolate was Bacillus pumilus strain DURCK14 with 99% homology. Water shrimp pond added a local isolate had significantly higher survival at about 10.0% to 11.7% than shrimp without added the isolate (p<0.05), and better FCR, but no significant different in shrimp harvest size. Vibrio bacterial was undetected by total plate count. Moreover, it shown better projected yields on an annual basis (three crops per year).
SEBARAN HASIL TANGKAPAN MADIDIHANG (Thunnus albacares Bonnaterre, 1788) DI SAMUDERA HINDIA BAGIAN TIMUR
Authors: Wujdi Arief , Sulistyaningsih Ririk Kartika , Rochman Fathur
Published: September 2016

Ikan Madidihang (Thunnus albacares Bobbaterre, 1788) merupakan salah satu komoditaspenting bagi industri perikanan di Indonesia dimana hasil tangkapannya merupakan yang tertinggi dibandingkan jenis tuna lainnya. Saat ini, kondisi stok madidihang berada dalam kondisi yang baik. Namun, untuk menjaga kelangsungan pemantaatan stok ikan tuna, diperlukan upaya pengelolaan sumber daya tuna. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi laju tangkap madidihang di Samudera Hindia Bagian Timur. Pengumpulan data dilakukan oleh pemantau ilmiah pada kapal rawai tuna komersial yang berbasis di Benoa, Pelabuhanratu dan Bungus dari Agustus 2005 sampai Desember 2013; serta program monitoring pendaratan tuna yang berbasis di Benoa tahun 2010-2013. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa laju pancing bervariasi secara bulanan dan tahunan. Rata-rata bulanan laju pancing tertinggi terjadi pada Mei (0,17 ekor/100 pancing) dan terendah pada Februari (0,01 ekor/100 pancing), sedangkan rata-rata laju pancing tahunan tertinggi pada 2006 (0,11 ekor/100 pancing) dan terendah pada 2011 (0,06 ekor/100 pancing). Rata-rata laju pancing tahunan cenderung mengalami penurunan sebesar 29,48%/ tahun. Ikan madidihang tertangkap oleh rawai tuna Indonesia tersebar dari 0°-34° LS dan 76°-134° BT. Sebaran spasial laju pancing tertinggi berada di sekitar Kepulauan Mentawai dan selatan Jawa Timur hingga Nusa Tenggara.

Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares Bobbaterre, 1788) is one of the important commodity for the fishing industry in Indonesia because it has the highest catches compared with other tunas. Nowadays, the yellowfin stock is currently in good condition (not overfished and not subject to overfishing). However, management measure was required to support sustainability of tuna fishery. This study aims to determine the hook rate distribution of yellowfin tuna in the Eastern Indian Ocean. Data was obtained by scientific observers on commercial tuna longline vessels, mainly based in Benoa, Palabuhan Ratu and Bungus Fihing Port, from August 2005 to November 2013; also monitoring program of tuna catches mainly landed in Benoa during 2010 to 2013. The results showed that the hook rate of yellowfin tuna was varied monthly and yearly. The highest of monthly average CPUE occurred in May (0,17 fish/100 hooks) and the lowest were in February (0,01 fish/100 hooks), while the highest annually CPUE also occurred in 2006 (0,11 fish/100 hooks) and the lowest in 2011 (0,06 fish/100 hooks). CPUE also has declining with 29,48%/year. Distribution of yellowfin tuna caught by Indonesia tuna longline spreads from 0°-34° S dan 76°-134° E. The highest CPUE was around Mentawai islands and also in south coast of East Java to Nusa Tenggara.
PRODUKTIVITAS DAN MUSIM PENANGKAPAN IKAN MADIDIHANG (Thunnus albacares Bonnaterre, 1788) PADA PERIKANAN SKALA KECIL DI PALABUHANRATU, JAWA BARAT
Authors: Nurdin Erfind , Sondita Muhamad Fedi Alfiadi , Yusfiandayani Roza , Baskoro Mulyono
Published: September 2016

Pemanfaatan sumber daya perikanan tuna skala kecil di Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara (PPN) Palabuhanratu menggunakan armada pancing tonda (troll liners) dengan mengoperasikan lima macam jenis pancing. Penelitian perikanan tuna skala kecil dilakukan di PPN Pelabuhanratu pada April – Juli 2015, dengan tujuan untuk menganalisa produktivitas (laju tangkap), faktor yang mempengaruhi hasil tangkapan dan musim penangkapan madidihang (yellowfin tuna). Laju tangkap (hasil tangkapan per trip) digunakan sebagai indikator produktivitas, moving average persentage digunakan untuk mengetahui pola musim penangkapan, dan fungsi produksi (Cobb Douglas) untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor teknis yang mempengaruhi hasil tangkapan tuna pada perikanan pancing tonda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa madidihang merupakan hasil tangkapan paling dominan armada pancing tonda dengan laju tangkap sebanyak 339,93 kg/trip dengan musim penangkapan terjadi pada Mei hingga Oktober. Analisa Cobb Douglas menunjukkan secara simultan 84% hasil produksi (dependent variable) yang diperoleh, dipengaruhi secara bersama oleh variabel independen yang digunakan (BBM, kekuatan mesin, GT dan jumlah ABK).

The utilization of tuna resources on small scale (artisanal) fishery in Palabuhanratu is using trolling fishing fleets (trolling liners) characterized by five types of fishing lines during their operation. Research on small scale tuna fishery was conducted at Pelabuhanratu fishing port on April to July 2015 with the aims to analyze the productivity (catch rate), variable effects on the catch and fishing season for yellowfin tuna. The catch rate (the catch per trip) is used as productivity indicator, while the moving average percentage is used to determine the pattern of fishing season, and Cobb Douglas production function to identify the technical factors that influence to the catch of yellowfin tuna. Analysis result showed that the catch rate of yellowfin tuna by trolling liners is about 339.93kg/ trip and the fishing season occured during May to October. Cobb Douglas analysis showed simultaneously 84% of obtained catch production (dependent variable) affected by the four independent variables (fuel consumption, power engine, gross tonnage and number of crew).
ANALISIS KERENTANAN JENIS IKAN PELAGIS KECIL DI PERAIRAN SELAT BALI DAN SELAT MAKASSAR TERHADAP DINAMIKA SUHU PERMUKAAN LAUT
Authors: Puspasari Reny , Rachmawati Puput Fitri , Wijopriono Wijopriono
Published: September 2016

Kondisi oseanografi Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh dinamika proses oseanografi global. Salah satu proses tersebut adalah Arlindo yang menghantarkan massa air bersuhu hangat dari Samudera Pasifik ke Samudera Hindia melalui Selat Makassar. Dinamika suhu perairan akan mempengaruhi kondisi sumberdaya ikan di perairan tersebut. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak dinamika suhu permukaan laut terhadap empat jenis ikan pelagis yaitu ikan layang biru (Decapterus macarellus), kembung (Ratrelliger kanagurta), lemuru (Sardinella lemuru) dan tongkol (Auxis thazard).  Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2015 dengan membuat profil biologis setiap jenis ikan, kemudian dilakukan penilaian oleh para ahli mengenai kerentanan setiap jenis ikan terhadap paparan dinamika SPL.  Hasil penilaian para ahli kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode kerentanan jenis yang digunakan oleh NOAA.  Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa empat jenis ikan pelagis yang dianalisis mempunyai tingkat kerentanan yang rendah terhadap paparan dinamika suhu permukaan laut.  Tingkat kerentanan ikan pelagis kecil di perairan Selat Bali lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan Selat Makassar. Oceanographic condition of Indonesian waters is highly influenced by global oceanographic processes. Indonesian through flow is one of the global oceanographic processes that affect the oceanographic condition in Indonesia waters, it delivers warm water from Pacific Ocean to Indian Ocean through the strait of Makassar. Therefore, the dynamic of sea water temperature will affect the fish resources condition. The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of the dynamic of sea surface temperature to pelagic fishes such as mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus), Indian mackerel (Ratrelliger. kanagurta), Bali sardine (Sardinella. lemuru) and frigate tuna (Auxis. thazard). The study was conducted in 2015 consists of three phases of process, describing biological profile of the species, then scoring based on expert adjustment, and analyzed the expert scores using NOAA’s standard method of species vulnerability to climate change. The result showed that all of species analyzed have low vulnerability to the expose of the dynamic of sea surface temperature. The rank of vulnerability of all species is higher in Bali Strait than Makassar Strait.
STATUS STOK IKAN KARANG TARGET DI KAWASAN KONSERVASI TAMAN NASIONAL KARIMUNJAWA
Authors: Yuliana Ernik , Boer Mennofatria , Fahrudin Achmad , Kamal M Mukhlis , Muttaqin Efin
Published: September 2016

Sumber daya ikan karang di Taman Nasional Karimunjawa (TNKJ) mengalami tekanan eksploitasi seiring dengan peningkatan permintaan sumber daya ikan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan konsumsi ikan. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis status stok ikan karang target di TNKJ. Penelitian dilakukan di TNKJ Kabupaten Jepara, Provinsi Jawa Tengah, pada April-Agustus 2015. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode survei dan observasi, mencakup data primer dan sekunder. Empat jenis ikan karang dipilih untuk mewakili ikan karang, yaitu ekor kuning, pisang-pisang, sunu macan, dan jenggot. Hasil tangkapan dianalisis dengan CPUE dan indeks musim. Mortalitas diduga dengan kurva penangkapan yang dilinierkan berdasarkan data komposisi panjang ikan. Penilaian status stok menggunakan metode analitik dengan menghitung laju eksploitasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa CPUE ikan karang mempunyai tren yang meningkat. Ikan karang secara agregat tersedia pada setiap bulan sepanjang tahun, tidak ada musim puncak penangkapan dan musim paceklik. Ikan pisang-pisang dan sunu macan telah dieksploitasi melebihi batas kelestariannya, yaitu 114,50% dan 154,00%.Coral reef fish resources in Karimunjawa National Park (KNP) are under exploitation pressure with increasing demand of fish for human consumption. This study is aimed to analyze the status of target reef fishes in KNP. Field survey was conducted in KNP District of Jepara, Central Java, in April-August 2015. Data consists of primary and secondary data was obtained by using survey and observation method.    Four species of reef fishes were chosen to represent reef fish, namely yellow tail fusilier (Caesio cuning), blue and gold fusilier (Caesio caerulaurea), highfin coral grouper (Plectropomus oligocanthus), and dash-and-dot goatfish (Parupeneus barberinus). Reef fish catch data was analyzed using catch per unit effort (CPUE) and seasonal index. Fish mortality was predicted by catch curve based on length-converted. The results indicate increasing trend of reef fishes CPUE. Reef fishes in aggregate are available every month in year-round and there is no seasonality trend. Fish length analysis reveals that status of blue and gold fusilier and highfin coral grouper have been exploited over maximum sustainable limit, with the rate of exploitation 114.50% and 154.00%, respectively.
IDENTIFIKASI KANDIDAT MARKA MHC I PADA IKAN LELE (Clarias sp.) TAHAN INFEKSI Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Azis Azis , Alimuddin Alimuddin , Sukenda Sukenda , Junior Muhammad Zairin
Published: September 2016

Penyakit motile aeromonad septicemia disebabkan oleh bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila dapat menyebabkan kematian tinggi pada ikan lele (Clarias sp.). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan kandidat marka MHC I dalam seleksi berbasis marka molekuler untuk menghasilkan ikan lele varietas sangkuriang tahan infeksi bakteri A. hydrophila. Sebanyak 200 ekor ikan lele dengan bobot 60±5 g diuji tantang dengan menyuntikkan bakteri A. hydrophila dengan konsentrasi 106 cfu/mL sebanyak 0,1 mL/ekor ikan. Hasil uji tantang menunjukkan sintasan ikan lele sebesar 54% (14 ekor ikan tanpa luka, dan 94 ekor ikan luka dan kemudian sembuh). Tujuh pasang primer didesain berdasarkan sekuen gen major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I ikan Clarias gariepinus yang terdapat di Bank Gen. DNA diekstraksi dari jaringan sirip ekor ikan hidup dan yang mati, kemudian dijadikan cetakan dalam amplifikasi PCR. Hasil PCR menggunakan salah satu set primer menunjukkan adanya pita DNA spesifik berukuran sekitar 300, 500, dan 1.000 bp pada ikan yang
hidup pascatantang. Hasil analisis sekuen menggunakan basic local alignment search tools (BLAST) menunjukkan bahwa produk PCR tersebut memiliki kesamaan 69%-88% dengan gen MHC I ikan C. gariepinus. Dengan demikian, fragmen MHC I tersebut dapat menjadi marka molekuler ikan lele tahan infeksi A. hydrophila.
KARAKTERISTIK LAHAN TAMBAK EKSISTING DI KECAMATAN PULAU DERAWAN KABUPATEN BERAU PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Authors: Hasnawi Hasnawi , Asaad Andi Indra Jaya , Mustafa Akhmad
Published: September 2016

Kabupaten Berau Provinsi Kalimantan Timur memiliki potensi lahan tambak yang cukup luas terutama di Kecamatan Pulau Derawan. Lahan tambak yang ada (eksisting) di Kecamatan Pulau Derawan terletak di sepanjang pesisir pantai yang umumnya dibangun pada lahan bekas hutan mangrove yang merupakan pulau-pulau (Delta Berau) dan hanya sebagian kecil saja yang berada di daratan utama. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik lahan tambak yang ada secara spasial. Metode survei diaplikasikan padakawasan pertambakan di Kecamatan Pulau Derawan Kabupaten Berau. Parameter yang digunakan dalam menganalisis karakteristik lahan tambak adalah: kondisi tanah, kualitas air, topografi, hidrologi, dan iklim.Analisis spasial dengan penginderaan jarak jauh dan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) menggunakan metode geostatistik kriging digunakan dalam menggambarkan karakteristik lahan tambak yang ada di Kecamatan Pulau Derawan Kabupaten Berau. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa topografi tambak relatif landai dan elevasi tidak terlalu tinggi, tanah tergolong tanah sulfat masam, kualitas air secara umum mendukung budidaya di tambak, dan curah hujan tergolong tinggi. Hasil kajian ini diharapkan dapat digunakan untukdasar pengelolaan lahan tambak guna meningkatkan produktivitas tambak yang berkelanjutan, serta dapat menjadi acuan pemerintah Kabupaten Berau dalam penentuan Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Pesisir.
Study of the evolution of properties of mortar under sulfate attack at different concentrations
Authors: Yu Xiaotong , Zhu Yuwen , Liao Yingdi , Chen Da
Published: September 2016

In this study, the samples of ordinary Portland cement mortar were fully immersed in sodium sulfate solutions of different concentrations (0%, 5% and 15%) for up to 270 d. The evolution of the properties of the samples (compressive strength, static modulus of elasticity, stress–strain behaviour, hardened density, water permeability coefficient and length change) was monitored. The surface deterioration of the samples was also observed and the morphological features of the products were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Water immersion was found to improve for the properties of the samples and reduce the water permeability coefficient. Moreover, at the initial stage of sodium sulfate attack, the presence of sulfate ions had a positive effect on the evolution of the properties due to the formation of ettringite and gypsum. Afterwards, the samples immersed in sodium sulfate solution showed a degradation in the properties, induced by the expansion of expansive products and the generation of micro-cracks. Furthermore, the mortar immersed in sodium sulfate solution showed higher expansion and a larger hardened density than the mortar immersed in water. An increase in the concentration of the sodium sulfate solution was found to reduce the time needed to reach peak properties and to accelerate deterioration of the properties at the late stage.
Determinación del nivel de colinesterasa sérica en una población ocupacionalmente expuesta a plaguicidas en el municipio Zona Bananera, Magdalena (Colombia), 2012
Authors: Lozano-Socarras Sonja Liliana
Published: September 2016

Introducción: los compuestos organofosforados y carbamatos son los responsables de gran parte de las intoxicaciones por plaguicidas que tienen lugar en poblaciones laboralmente expuestas, dado que son los más usados en Colombia y son potentes inhibidores de las enzimas colinesterasas, causando graves intoxicaciones agudas de tipo laboral, y en algunas ocasiones con efectos a largo plazo. Objetivo: evaluar la cantidad de colinesterasa sérica en trabajadores bananeros expuestos ocupacionalmente a organofosforados. Metodología: la población de estudio fue de 80 trabajadores agrícolas del municipio Zona Bananera expuestos a plaguicidas; la información sobre las variables edad, sexo y tiempo de exposición a plaguicidas se recolectó de las historias clínicas de la IPS Prevenir y de los resultados registrados con la medición de colinesterasa plasmática realizada en el laboratorio clínico Climilab. El análisis de la colinesterasa sérica fue llevado a cabo con una técnica colorimétrica, usando butiriltiocolina como sustrato para medir la enzima (Wiener Lab. Argentina). Resultados: se encontraron 10 personas que tuvieron bajos niveles de colinesterasa sérica, lo cual sugiere que hubo exposición aguda a plaguicidas y que, posiblemente, los individuos no están teniendo en cuenta las precauciones adecuadas para reducir su exposición a estos compuestos, en el municipio Zona Bananera del departamento de Magdalena.
The Paris Agreement: Destined to Succeed or Doomed to Fail?
Authors: Young Oran R.
Published: September 2016

Is the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change destined to succeed or doomed to fail? If all the pledges embedded in the intended nationally determined contributions (INDCs) are implemented fully, temperatures at the Earth’s surface are predicted to rise by 3–4 °C, far above the agreement’s goal of limiting increases to 1.5 °C. This means that the fate of the agreement will be determined by the success of efforts to strengthen or ratchet up the commitments contained in the national pledges over time. The first substantive section of this essay provides a general account of mechanisms for ratcheting up commitments and conditions determining the use of these mechanisms in international environmental agreements. The second section applies this analysis to the specific case of the Paris Agreement. The conclusion is mixed. There are plenty of reasons to doubt whether the Paris Agreement will succeed in moving from strength to strength in a fashion resembling experience with the Montreal Protocol on ozone depleting substances. Nevertheless, there is more room for hope in this regard than those who see the climate problem as unusually malign, wicked, or even diabolical are willing to acknowledge.
From Paris to the End of Oil
Authors: Claes Dag Harald , Hveem Helge
Published: September 2016

This article discusses the possibilities and obstacles for a cost-effective implementation of policies that will lead to a significant reduction in global CO2 emissions from the use of oil. The structural conditions and economic consequences of changing national or regional energy systems vary dramatically. In addition, there are a large number of actors with strong interests along the energy value chain that may potentially halt, delay or alter the implementation of the Paris treaty. We analyze these issues by first locating oil in the overall energy system, then identifying possibilities and obstacles at various stages of the oil value chain, and finally by contextualizing global oil by discussing whether and how it may be affected by geopolitics and regional conflict. In brief, our argument is that developments in consumption volumes and patterns will be most important. Market forces are vital, but they are influenced by politics and public policy outcomes. Transportation is the most important sector for oil consumption, with changes in transport behavior, modes and technology being vital drivers. The behavior of investors will be a decisive factor in shaping the production side of the oil system. If investments go down as a response to lasting low oil prices and/or because investors decide to turn to green economy options, the supply of oil will logically shrink. On the other hand, the growth and development aspirations of a rapidly growing population in developing countries are likely to stimulate demand and thus increase exploration, production and subsequently the price. Finally, we emphasize the importance of (geo)politics influencing all aspects of the value chain of oil.
The Paris Climate Agreement and the Three Largest Emitters: China, the United States, and the European Union
Authors: Schreurs Miranda A.
Published: September 2016

The Paris Agreement would not have come into being had China, the United States (US), and the European Union (EU), which together contribute more than half of all global greenhouse gas emissions, not signaled their intent to take major steps to reduce their domestic emissions. The EU has been at the forefront of global climate change measures for years having issued binding domestic emission reduction targets for 2020 and 2030. For many years, China refused to announce a target date for when it might begin reducing its greenhouse gas emissions, and the US Congress blocked action on climate change.  In the lead up to the Paris climate negotiations, however, there were major shifts in China’s and the US’s climate positions. This commentary examines the climate policies of the three largest emitters and the factors motivating the positions they took in the Paris negotiations. Given that the commitments made in Paris are most likely insufficient to keep global temperature from rising 2 °C above pre-industrial levels, the commentary also considers what the likelihood is that these three major economies will strengthen their emission reduction targets in the near future.
Engendering Creative City Image by Using Information Communication Technology in Developing Countries
Authors: Das Dillip Kumar
Published: September 2016

Creativity has been a major key word in the city planning and urban marketing policies all over the world. Arguably, it ensures an image that can ensue marketable branding of a city. Thus, a creative city has major socio-economic implications. However, the question remains how a creative environment in a city can be engendered and an attractive image can be built. In the contemporary age, Information Communication Technology (ICT) apparently has increasingly been influencing every sphere of the city functions, and it is hypothesized that it will assist in building a creative image of a city. Therefore, the objectives of the paper are (1) to map the theoretical insights on the concepts of creativity, city image building and branding; and (2) to explore the influence of ICT on developing image of a creative city. The investigation was conducted by using both qualitative and quantitative research methods. A stimulating mix of literature review and case study analyses were done to develop the concept of a creative city and image building. Besides, using a survey research method and by considering two cities (Bloemfontein from South Africa and Bhubaneswar from India) two case studies were performed to examine how ICT can engender a creative image of a city in developing countries. Findings suggest that although urban creativity is not a revolutionary approach towards urban policies, and there are criticisms against such concept, economic variables, such as, business environment, entrepreneurship and innovation, availability of knowledge workers and ICT activities; socio-cultural variables, such as, art, culture, receptive attitude, safety and tolerance; and environmental variables, such as, cleanliness, greenery, quality public spaces and tourism enforce distinct images of cities. It is also revealed that ICT can play a catalytic role in the creative image building as it contributes extensively in the form of enabling better business environment, bringing social cohesion and multicultural tolerance, promoting tourism and engendering of clean environment. However, the image of every city could be unique depending on the attributes focused and reinforced in the development of a city.
High-frequency variations of hydrogen spectral lines in the B3V star η UMa
Authors: Pokhvala S.
Published: September 2016

We reported the detection of high-frequency variations in the hydrogen Balmer lines in the hot star η UMa of spectral class B3V. Spectral observations of η UMa were carried out with slitless spectrograph (R∼100) installed on the 60 cm Carl Zeiss telescope in the Andrushivka Observatory. Spectra were obtained with a time resolution in the sub-second range. It has been found that the η UMa shows rapid variations in the hydrogen lines Hα, Hβ, Hγ, as well as variations in the atmospheric oxygen lines. The intensity variations in the hydrogen lines varies from 0.2% to 0.5%, and that of the oxygen lines is approximately 2%.
A prospective study to analyze the outcome of proximal humerus fracture managed with proximal humerus locking plate
Authors: R. Biju , B.L.S. Kumar Babu , M. Viswanath Gautham
Published: September 2016

Background: The incidence of proximal humerus fractures has increased in last few years due to changes in life style and increase in road traffic accidents. Hence, the challenge of the modern day treatment was to get accurate reductions anatomically, fast healing and early restoration of function. Proximal humerus locking plate revolutionized the treatment without compromising fracture union. The present study aimed to evaluate the functional and radiological outcome of proximal humerus fracture managed with proximal humerus locking plate.

Methods: This prospective study was conducted at Narayana Medical College Hospital for a period of two years from December 2014 to June 2016. 30 cases of proximal humerus fractures in adults after meeting inclusion criteria were participated and treated surgically with proximal humerus locking plate technique. Consent form was taken from all the patients. The final functional outcome was assessed by radiography and DASH scoring system.

Results: Proximal humerus fractures were found to have high incidence in the 40 to 45 age group which had 37% of the study population. Males predominated over females in our study. Ratio of males to female was 2:1. Right sided fractures are more in the present study in both the sexes. The most common mechanism of injury was fall on the outstretched hand from a standing height or less with minor trauma seen in 34% of patients. High energy trauma was more frequently involved in younger patients (30%). According to Neer’s classification two part fractures constituted the most common type 16 (54%) in this study. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS software version 23.0. A ‘p’ value less than 0.05 was considered significant.
Conclusions: The proximal humerus locking plate method for proximal humerus fracture emerges to be safe, effective, reliable fixation with minimal complications.
O cliente no contexto do Sistema de Gestão da Qualidade: estudo de caso em uma construtora paraibana
Authors: Padilha Jean Karla S. , Meira Alexsandra Rocha
Published: September 2016

Atualmente a qualidade é um critério inserido na política de muitas empresas, seja qual for o ramo de atividade e abrangência de atuação no mercado. É clara sua relação com a melhoria contínua, voltada às necessidades dos clientes, sendo este o principal motivo da implantação dos processos dentro das organizações. Gurus da administração, ao conceituarem qualidade, normalmente a relacionam com satisfação total dos clientes. Outros, há muito defendem que o objetivo principal de um negócio não é o lucro, mas a satisfação do cliente. Nesse contexto, insere-se a presente pesquisa, que tem como objetivo, através do estudo de caso, analisar o Sistema de Gestão da Qualidade implantado em uma construtora que atua na cidade de João Pessoa, no tocante aos processos relacionados ao cliente. Para tanto, foram elaborados e aplicados procedimentos e formulários, visando analisar a satisfação dos clientes pós compra, pós ocupação e pós assistência técnica. De forma geral, os resultados foram satisfatórios nos três processos pesquisados, apresentando índices superiores a 85%. Por fim, para os casos pontuais de resultados insatisfatórios, foram realizadas reflexões, identificando oportunidades de melhoria dos processos pesquisados.
FRACTAL APPROACH TO KNOWLEDGE STRUCTURING AND EXAMPLES OF ITS APPLICATION
Authors:   Melentiev Energy Systems Institute SB RAS, Massel' L.
Published: September 2016

The article describes proposed by author a fractal approach to knowledge structuring, which actively used for developing to the ontological space of knowledge, primarily in the energy field. We introduce the methodological concept of the fractal information space and the concept of fractal stratified (FS) model. It’s given mathematical description of the FS-model and one method for determining of the fractal dimension. The examples of the application of fractal approach and FS-model in the work carried out under the guidance of author were considered.
AUTOMATION OF SYNTHESIS OF COMPOSITE CONTENT ONTOLOGY DESIGN PATTERN
Authors:   Institute for Informatics and Mathematical Modeling of Technological Processes, The Kola Science Center of RAS, Lomov P.
Published: September 2016

Using of Ontology Design Patterns (ODPs) become useful for development and reengineering ontologies. ODPs represent encodings of best practices supporting ontology construction by facilitating reuse of proven solution principles. In this paper, we focus on Content ODPs (CDPs), which represent small ontology fragments that encode general use cases (e.g. participation in event, role playing, parts of object.). Content CDPs are used as building blocks during ontology development. In such cases they could be specializes, extends, integrates by user to obtain new composite CDP which would allow to provide more expressive representation of domain concept in the ontology is being developed. But to make such CDP composition it is not enough to simply join together corresponding ontology fragments. Often it is need to change them and link their elements in special way. It demands that developer understands the meaning of patterns structure and has additional skills of ontology engineering and therefore it may reduce the benefits of using CDPs. Therefore in this paper automatic selection of suitable CDPs on the base of the predefined relations between them and the procedure for synthesis of new composite CDP are suggested. At the end of the paper an example of the synthesis of composite CDP for a particular task is considered.
ONTOLOGY-DRIVEN DESIGN APPROACH TO DEVELOPMENT OF SITUATION AWARENESS SUBSYSTEM OF INTELLIGENT AGENTS
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University ", Lebedev S. ,   LETI", Panteleyev M. ,   Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University "LETI"
Published: September 2016

An ontology-driven design approach to development of situation awareness subsystem (SAS) of intelligent agents is discussed. It is supposed that agents act in multi-agent competitive environments. The approach is based on the separation of domain independent and domain specific aspects. A set of domain independent models is proposed as a theoretical underpinning of the approach. Those models formalize different aspects of design and development of SAS including internal agent's representation of an environment, situation awareness calculation stages and SAS design stages. The models are used to build ontological and program components, used for SAS design and development. Two classes of ontologies are defined: SAS ontology and ontologies of specific domains. SAS ontology is used to provide domain specific program code integration into the domain independent SAS framework. Domain specific ontology is used to represent domain specific concepts on the base of SAS ontology concepts. SAS development process includes the following stages: domain specific ontology construction, automatized generation of domain specific code, integration of domain specific code into the SAS framework and implementation of domain specific functions within the framework. Automatized code generation is based on the proposed mappings of ontological classes and properties to the program structures. A toolset is proposed for building domain specific SAS. The toolset utilizes such languages from the Semantic Web stack as OWL, SPARQL and SPIN. The toolset is written in Java language. The approach is illustrated and evaluated on the simplified virtual soccer scenario.
EPISTEMOLOGICAL AND ONTOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF TECHNOLOGY: “THE FOURTH KINGDOM” OF F. DESSAUER
Authors:   Samara National Research University named after academician S.P. Korolev, Nesterov A.
Published: September 2016

This article considers the concept and a problem of technology in Friedrich Dessauer's works "Philosophy of technology" (1927) and "Dispute on technology" (1959). Ways of statement of the epistemological and ontological questions specific to technology are analyzed. The article shows that the concept of "the fourth kingdom" is an area of rules of the projective, materially expressed reflection which is understood as technology in the true sense. The author proves the thesis that "the fourth kingdom" carries out for projective activity the same functions, as "the world of ideas" of Plato – for the philosophy of receptive activity which has been traditionally investigated in the history. Thereby the platonic philosophy of technology is shown as a perspective area of research within the analysis of projective rules from positions of transcendentalism and the general semiotics.