bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rethinking settlements in arid environments: case study from Uzbekistan
Authors: Karimov Akmal , Salokhiddinov Abdulkhakim , Gracheva Inna , Umurzakov Ravshan , Artykov Qadyr
Published: May 2019

Fast growing population of Uzbekistan and increasing the share of urban citizens increased inter-linkages between settlements and irrigated farming. Growing settlements on account of farm land, increasing the demand for high quality water, wastewater utilization in agriculture, water logging and salinization are some of the water related inter-linkages. This paper focus on waterlogging issue at three different sites, located in the upstream of the Syrdarya River in Fergana Valley, middle stream of river in Mirzachul Steppe and the downstream of Amudarya River in Khorezm region. Groundwater modeling applied to examine different strategies of to lower shallow groundwater table. The results of the modeling studies indicate that ultimate solution for waterlogging issue can be achieved when basin water management plans linked with settlement development plans.
Optimization of foamed plastic technology
Authors: Kozlov Sergey , Efimov Boris , Bobrova Ekaterina , Zinovieva Ekaterina , Zhukova Ekaterina
Published: May 2019

Insulation systems of building structures involve the solution of the following group of tasks: creation of favorable conditions for the work of structural elements and construction as a whole; optimization of heat losses through the insulation shell; creation of comfortable conditions in the room. Such a system would function normally if effective thermal insulation, including polyethylene, were used. The price of polyethylene foam can be reduced without prejudice to the properties in the case of the use of secondary polyethylene foam. The article presents the results of experimental studies, the purpose of which is to optimize the composition of polyethylene foam with the addition of secondary polyethylene, the formation of methods of selection of its composition and the development of systems for the application of products based on polyethylene foam. The article presents the main provisions of the method of analytical optimization, which allows to significantly reducing the material and time costs of processing the results of the experiment. The article deals with aspects of the implementation of construction systems using products based on polyethylene foam in terms of minimizing heat loss through the contact areas. Mandatory criteria for the construction and implementation of insulation systems are safety conditions, including both structural safety (including maintenance-free cycle) and fire safety.
The effect of window air inlets on office room comfort
Authors: Major Maciej , Kosiń Mariusz , Major Izabela
Published: May 2019

The aim of the analysis was to determine the effect of window air inlets on the distribution of thermal and humidity parameters of an office room in the heating period. The analysis included two cases: case 1 - window without air inlet, case 2 - window with air inlet. Furthermore, the model includes objects that simulate two people. In order to verify the CFD analysis, tests were performed for the case 1. The results show the difference between a window with and without air inlets.
Selection of compositions for additive technologies in construction
Authors: Sharanova Anastasiia , Dmitrieva Maria
Published: May 2019

Three-dimensional printing is an innovative digital technology and is one of the most significant achievements in the industrial and technological development of modernity. Digital 3D technologies have reached a colossal level of development over a period of about half a century since their invention. Using 3D printing in the construction of low-rise buildings, it becomes possible to implement almost any ideas and achieve the best architectural expressiveness of objects. The aim of this work is to create cement-based compounds that can be used in additive construction methods. A review of the scientific literature on this topic was carried out, the main components of the mixture were identified, and a series of field experiments were conducted. According to the results of the work, the optimal composition for 3D construction printing was determined.
Technology of surface runoff purification
Authors: Govorova Zhanna , Muraveva Ekaterina , Isachkina Yulia , Govorov Vadim
Published: May 2019

Surface runoff from urban area is a potential source of pollution of water bodies. Characteristics of rainfall runoff in some cities of Russia and foreign countries are given in the article. Traditional wastewater treatment facilities include the mechanical removal of large items, debris and leaves; sand removal; water clarification in accumulative clarifying tanks; chemical dosing, contact filtration and deep purification in sorption filters. Four technological schemes were analyzed. Conceptual difference of the schemes is using a new construction of accumulative clarifying tanks and different types of filters with inert floating polysterene load (CFPZ-1, CFPZ (CS), AFPZ-4). The investigation results of pilot plant that simulates the purification process of surface runoff in clarifying, sorption and I and II step cartridge filters are given in the article. During the investigation period the water entering the pilot plant had the concentration of suspended solids – 81-180 mg/L, petroleum products – 2-8 mg/L, COD – 48-97 mg/L. Analysis of the dynamic of changes in the concentration of suspended solids and petroleum products in previously treated in accumulative clarifying tank water during the filter cycle at each step showed that purification efficiency in polystyrene load layer depends on the type and dose of flocculant, filter rate and duration of filtration. The investigation results were used for the development of recommendations for the intensification of operation of industrial filters and improving technological reliability of surface runoff treatment facilities.
Performance evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of core drivers in the construction of base plates
Authors: Chunyuk Dmitriy , Selviyan Artem , Selviyan Serafima
Published: May 2019

This article is an example of the calculation of a foundation monolithic slab using void formers during the construction of an apartment complex consisting of three buildings located on one stylobation. The issue of economy in the construction of a hollow core base slab compared to a solid one, by reducing the volume of concrete and reinforcement due to the location of liners in the neutral zone of concrete, is considered. At the same time, the bearing capacity and rigidity of the structure should remain at the same level.
Energy efficient technology of obtaining heat-insulating material based on vermiculite
Authors: Ospanova Zhumabuke , Alibekova Nurgul , Satan Nursultan
Published: May 2019

The paper presents energy-efficient technology with using microwaves to swell vermiculite. Replacement of traditional firing of vermiculite during exfoliation due to the use of microwave heating is promising, primarily due to lower energy costs.
To the theory of discrete boundary value problems
Authors: Tarasova Oksana A. , Vasilyev Vladimir B.
Published: May 2019

We consider discrete analogues of pseudo-differential operators and related discrete equations and boundary value problems. Existence and uniqueness results for special elliptic discrete boundary value problem and comparison for discrete and continuous solutions are given for certain smooth data in discrete Sobolev–Slobodetskii spaces.
Dynamic characteristics of coupling model of valve-controlled cylinder parallel accumulator
Authors: Xu Zhiqiang , Li Wanli , Liu Xiangyong , Chen Zhixin
Published: May 2019

To solve the electro-hydraulic control problems caused by the accumulator's passive involvement, the internal principle of the valve-controlled luffing cylinder was explored based on one ship crane; comparison models with and without the accumulator were established, and experiments were performed to verify the dynamic characteristics. By comparing simulations with experimental data, it was found that in the outstretch stage of the cylinder, the accumulator releases energy, accelerates the extension of the cylinder, and increases the response velocity. However, the accumulator also reduced the precision of location control. Therefore, to effectively solve the problem of fluctuation rate in the outstretch stage, experiments were conducted to adjust the valve-core opening according to the energy-release characteristics of the accumulator. In the retracting stage of the cylinder, the accumulator absorbed oil and inhibited the pressure fluctuation of the cylinder effectively. Finally, the feasibility of the compensation solution was verified through the experiments.
Effect of microbeam geometry on the nano-mass sensor performance
Authors: Ardali Jahanbakhsh Reisi , Ghaderi Reza , Raeiszadeh Farhad
Published: May 2019

Microbeams have a wide range of applications as sensors and actuators in nanotechnology, biotechnology, microelectromechanical systems, and optics. Given their micrometer dimensions, these beams make precision mass sensors of sub-nanogram accuracy. An important challenge regarding mass sensors is to enhance their sensitivity and accuracy. Considering the fact that, this type of sensor operates based on the resonance frequency variations caused by nanoparticle absorption in the dynamic mode, the geometry of the microbeam is considered an important parameter affecting their sensitivity. This paper studies the rectangular microbeam, which is one of the most commonly used types of mass sensors. Three main models were selected by applying inner and outer cuts on the microbeam, and vibrating simulation was carried out using ABAQUS software for a total of 36 mass sensor configurations with different aspect ratios. Simulation results in two selected rectangular microbeam models with outer cuts show the sensitivity of the microsensor increases with increased microbeam rigidity. The triangular hollow microbeam was found to be the best design among the four models selected to be used as mass sensors.
Determination of energy absorption in different cellular auxetic structures
Authors: Shokri Rad M. , Hatami Hossein , Alipouri R. , Farokhi Nejad A. , Omidinasab F.
Published: May 2019

This paper deals with the effect of unit cell configuration on the energy absorption response of different cellular auxetic structures subjected to quasi-static and dynamic loadings through the experimental and numerical methods. Among the various structures, a re-entrant structure was selected due to its fundamental properties underlying the main characteristics of an auxetic material. Computer simulation techniques using ABAQUS software validated by experimental testing were used to conduct the evaluation of such devices. Several re-entrant structures with different geometrical parameters were modeled and compared with the conventional ones. Standard compression tests were carried out on the different structures produced by the 3D printing machine to evaluate the influence of auxeticity phenomenon in the energy absorption capability. It is discovered that the auxetic structures are superior to non-auxetic structures in terms of all studied impact resistance and energy absorption indicators due to their ability to withstand quasi-static axial impact loads. The primary outcome of this research is to extract design information for the use of auxetic materials as energy absorbers where quasi-static loading is expected.
Ethanol extraction of canola oil: Kinetics and effects of type of solvent and microwave-pretreatment
Authors: Sánchez Ramiro J. , Fernández María B. , Nolasco Susana M.
Published: May 2019

The phenomenon and kinetics of the ethanol extraction of canola oil from microwave-pretreated seeds was studied using a Fick’s diffusion model. The extraction was performed in a batch system at constant temperature (313–333 K) at different times (300–64 800 s); then the total solvent-free extracts (SFE) were washed with hexane, obtaining oil as a hexane-soluble fraction (HSE) along a hexane-insoluble fraction. The values of the fitted parameters were different from those obtained by hexane extraction, showing an influence of the solvent on the kinetic parameters. A comparison of SEM images of pre-extracted, post-extracted with ethanol and post-extracted with hexane meals showed a dilution of the structural matrix with ethanol, not observed in post-extraction samples with hexane. This would indicate that a microwave-pretreatment is not necessary for the ethanol extraction of canola oil under the studied conditions, although it is important for breaking seed structures to facilitate the conventional extraction with hexane.
Small Modular Reactors en Finlande : l’avenir du chauffage urbain décarboné ?
Authors: Exposito Alexis , Cordier Pierre-Yves
Published: May 2019

Soucieuse de construire une société bas carbone, la Finlande entend réduire de 80 à 95 %, à l’horizon 2050, ses émissions de gaz à effet de serre par rapport au niveau de 1990. D’ici à 2029, le charbon sera interdit et les énergies fossiles verront leur poids dans le mix énergétique très largement réduit.
Les nouveaux écologistes
Authors: Basic Maruan
Published: May 2019

Un nouveau mouvement écologiste se structure en Europe depuis quelques années : l’écomodernisme, courant de pensée environnementaliste, pour qui l’Homme a la capacité de préserver la nature sur le long terme en utilisant la technologie, et dont l’objectif consiste à construire une éthique environnementale réaliste à court, moyen et long terme. Alors que le monde de l’énergie oppose écologie et industrie, l’écomodernisme se revendique comme une « troisième voie », dans laquelle le nucléaire est un allié durable de la transition énergétique mondiale. Portrait de cinq personnalités qui font bouger les lignes en Europe.
Management of the enterprise economic security system in network economy conditions: essence, basic components and the diagnosing mechanism
Authors: Matukova Hanna , Mokriak Eduard , Matukova-Yaryha Daria
Published: May 2019

The article determines the role and the meaning of network structures in modern economy. There are revealed risks and threats in the activity of economic entities that are part of network structures. The notion of economic security in the network economy is revealed. The structure of the economic security system of network companies is formed, its basic components being characterized. Basic components of the economic security system in the network economy under current conditions are analysed, some problems of ensuring economic security and ways of their solution are determined. A complex mechanism of diagnosing the enterprise economic security is elaborated. The article considers main ways of ensuring economic entities’ security by introducing the integrated economic security system to predict and prevent threats to economic security.
Ukrainian economy development trends estimation based on the analysis of structural shifts
Authors: Serhieieva Liudmyla , Us Galyna , Chudaieva Iia , Makarenko Olena
Published: May 2019

The article elaborates upon development trends in the economy of Ukraine taking into account structural shifts. Herewith it is proposed a stagewise procedure for the analysis of development trends of the country’s economy taking into account structural changes in industry and employment by sectors of economic activity. The authors present an indicator of structural shifts and evaluate efficiency of structural changes in the Ukrainian economy. In general, the structural shifts efficiency estimation shows that they are not effective in the Ukrainian economy, as the share of the services sector is increasing, while the productivity is growing more rapidly in the industry. The use of the presented analysis procedure will allow enhance efficiency of the strategies formulation of the country’s economic development.
Assessing the dynamics of bifurcation transformations in the economy
Authors: Vasilyeva Tetyana , Kuzmenko Olha , Bozhenko Victoria , Kolotilina Olena
Published: May 2019

The current global economy faces pivotal changes in the system of its organization, which are essentially transforming relations between economic agents, government institutions, and the population of a particular country. Therefore, the study aims to quantitatively assess the level of transformations in the social, economic and political development of some European countries (Ukraine, France, Italy) using bifurcation theory for the period of 2000-2017. The proposed scientific and methodological approach to assessing the level of transformations in the social, economic and political development of a particular country involves the step-wise implementation: 1) the formation of an information base for the study, which involves collecting and testing statistical data for anomaly detection using the Irwin method, and selecting relevant indicators affecting the social, political and economic situation based on the principal component analysis; 2) the normalization of indicators of the political, economic and social situation using the Harrington’s approach; 3) the formation of integral indicators of the social, political and economic situation in the country based on the convolution of normalized indicators; 4) the determination of the dynamic properties of the social, political and economic situation in the country by constructing differential equations, which allows determining the existence of a bifurcation type (saddle, focus, node). The empirical study has shown that the indicator of stability of the political and social sphere of Italy was in disequilibrium and was subject to constant fluctuations. At the same time, the stability indicator of the social and economic component of Italy is characterized by an unstable state; and the external influence of negative factors will lead the system to imbalance. In Ukraine there is a stable political and economic and socioeconomic state of the system, i.e. negative impacts will lead the system to equilibrium and further positive development according to the components of the country. The development of the political and social sphere is characterized by the equilibrium state, and continues to develop according to the acquired tendency. The resulting methodological and practical developments will serve as a guide for the state authorities of the respective country for adjusting current macroeconomic policies and developing strategic plans for social and economic development.
Production model for administration of judicial decisions in the case of theft
Authors: Bakurova Anna , Pasichnyk Mariia , Tereschenko Elina , Filei Yurii
Published: May 2019

The economic essence of the theft, as a crime against property, and its connection to unemployment is revealed. The general model of the support system making court decisions as fuzzy production system is developed. For the case of theft (Article 185 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), two variants of the implementation of the fuzzy production system - the Mamdani and Sugeno algorithms - are proposed. Incorporation of the developed model into the “Electronic Court” system, which is a feature of the information society, is able to increase the level of automation of judicial practice and prevent corruption.
Necessity of labour market state’s regulation
Authors: Heyets Valery , Voynarenko Mykhaylo , Kholodenko Anatoliy , Stepanok Nina
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this article is to justify the necessity for state regulation of the labour market. Various options for setting wages at the state level, trade unions and employers are considered. It is shown the expediency of state regulation of the labour market in order to ensure the optimal level of employment. It has been established that the maximum tax base and the highest level of employment are achieved simultaneously, with the same optimal level of remuneration. None of these goals can be achieved separately from the other.
Modeling the stability of the financial system of the country
Authors: Vitlinskyi Valdemar , Makhanets Liubov
Published: May 2019

The security of the public finance sector of Ukraine requires monitoring of indicators of the stability of the financial system of the country, as well as modeling the impact of these indicators on the country’s financial security. It is shown that the stability of the financial system of the economy can be checked with the help of the provisions of econophysics. The concept of equilibrium is using to determine stability. The influence of factors on the level of financial security, which is one of the aspects of assessing the stability of the financial system of Ukraine is able to evaluate by simulation. The model of the financial system stability of the country is constructed in the paper. This research can serve as the basis for the adoption by the relevant state institutions of sound decisions on ensuring the stability of the financial system of Ukraine.
Modeling expectations of resort-tourist market of Ukraine
Authors: Zakharchenko Pavel , Kostenko Anna , Kungurtseva-Mashchenko Tatyana , Gorbachova Illona
Published: May 2019

In modern world economy resort recreations is one of the most high-profitable spheres of managing. Ukraine owns the powerful resort and tourist potential, to which effective development can bring a real economic benefit. For this purpose, it is necessary to form of system concept for the development of such systems, which are integral part of the economic transformations. Transformational processes are displayed in shifts in consumption, requirements and ways of their satisfaction. The market environment needs are in the form of demand and ways to meet them mediated by the market in the form of market expectations. They are important for forecasting the behavior of the market of resort and tourist products. As a result, of research was the model of dynamics of trust of the market to transformational changes of the resort and tourist sphere of Ukraine is constructed. Scenarios of change of level of trust at various values of parameters, which correspond to stages of development of transformational economy are received.
Predicting the number of public projects in the region as an indicator of economic stability
Authors: Dupliak Olha , Ovchynnikova Olena , Zamazii Oksana
Published: May 2019

The article examines the issues of submitting applications and receiving funding for public projects depending on the demographic situation in the region. It is shown that the activity of the population in submitting applications for community projects contributes to the effectiveness of investing in the development of cities and regions. The dynamics of project submission in connection with the permanent population of Khmelnytskyi region is analyzed. In the course of the analysis, it was found that women make up the largest share among both the population and those who submit social projects. According to age characteristics, in spite of an increase in the proportion of the older age groups, mainly younger and middle age groups of the population develop community-based projects. The gender trend identified during the study indicates that women are more active in local processes than men who more closely coordinate these projects with government agencies. According to these statistics, a forecast is provided as to allocation of funds for the public projects’ financing.
Levy’s stable distribution for stock crash detecting
Authors: Bielinskyi Andrii , Semerikov Serhiy , Solovieva Viktoria , Soloviev Vladimir
Published: May 2019

In this paper we study the possibility of construction indicators-precursors relying on one of the most power-law tailed distributions - Levy’s stable distribution. Here, we apply Levy’s parameters for 29 stock indices for the period from 1 March 2000 to 28 March 2019 daily values and show their effectiveness as indicators of crisis states on the example of Dow Jones Industrial Average index for the period from 2 January 1920 to 2019. In spite of popularity of the Gaussian distribution in financial modeling, we demonstrated that Levy’s stable distribution is more suitable due to its theoretical reasons and analysis results. And finally, we conclude that stability α and skewness β parameters of Levy’s stable distribution which demonstrate characteristic behavior for crash and critical states, can serve as an indicator-precursors of unstable states.
Non-linear forecasting of the state of a socio-eco-oriented innovative economy in the conditions of systemic crises
Authors: Ramazanov Sultan , Chernyak Oleksandr , Tishkov Bogdan , Ahmedov Renat , Honcharenko Oleksandr
Published: May 2019

The paper deals with the problem of sustainable development and innovative integral modeling and forecasting approach in the management of technogenic objects and processes (TOP) as a system of socio-eco-economic and humanitarian type (SEEH). Based on the use of information and innovation technologies in order to forecast the non-linear dynamics of eco-economic and socio-humanitarian systems, integrated stochastic models of objects and processes were developed and studied, suitable for the conditions of systemic crises. The paper handles the aspect of integration of 4 business and functioning areas of the modern complex systems. It proposes a general conceptual integrated model, generalized synergetic model of dynamics, considering different uncertainty (stochastic and chaotic components). The paper examines the aspects of integration of multiple business areas and sectors of the modern complex systems functioning and developing under the present conditions of non-linearity, instability and crises. An integrated stochastic non-linear phase-space growth dynamics model was developed and studied to forecast the development of the state of an innovative economy. The paper looks into the aspects of activity management of the modern complex systems functioning and developing under the present conditions of instability.
Consideration of risk and safety in stratification metamodeling system
Authors: Vitlinskyi Valdemar , Glushchevsky Vyacheslav
Published: May 2019

The development of the concept and tools of stratification metamodeling (SMM) is proposed, which is a new object-oriented methodological approach to the synthesis of a complex model of the economic system (enterprise), in particular, in order to distinguish the set of variants of the combination of heterogeneous object-components of its various strata into a single hierarchical structure. It is emphasized that it is necessary to consider conceptual provisions and tools for evaluation and management of such systemic characteristics as safety and risk in the system of the SMM in order to increase the sustainability of the economic system under consideration.
Integration of Islamic banking in the national banking sector: foreign experience
Authors: Stoika Viktoriia
Published: May 2019

The rules of banking management in Muslim countries are based on the Sharia Law, that is, a set of rules and laws relating to the management of the economy, social, political and cultural aspects of Islamic society. Sharia Law also prohibits the conclusion of immoral transactions and endorses social justice, which is ensured through the distribution of risks and returns, and the implementation of social investment. In the context of economic globalization, this phenomenon is already quite distinguished and is considered a worthy competitor to the traditional banking system. Features of Islamic banking institutions activities become their advantages in comparison with traditional banking institutions. That is why Islamic banks have become active participants in the global financial market, despite the specific nature of their operations and the difficulties of their adaptation to international practice. Islamic banking has spread not only in the developed countries of Western Europe, but also in Central Asia. The study of the process of Islamic banks activities in the financial markets of such countries as Great Britain, Germany, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan allows us to identify two forms of their functioning: establishment of Islamic windows by banking institutions of these countries and direct entry of banks that originate from Islamic countries. The experience of the above-mentioned countries regarding the integration of Islamic banking into the national financial sector has shown, first of all, the need to develop an appropriate regulatory framework, to form an appropriate infrastructure, to conduct awareness-raising activities, to strengthen international cooperation with investor countries.
Improved Carotid Stenosis Quantification on Novel 4D/3D-Doppler Ultrasonography Indexing to the Common Carotid Artery
Authors: Macharzina Roland Richard , Kocher Sascha , Messe Steven R. , Kammerer Thomas , Hoffmann Fabian , Vogt Matthias , Vach Werner , Fan Nian , Rastan Aljoscha , Neumann Franz-Josef , Zeller Thomas
Published: May 2019

Purpose The accuracy of internal carotid artery stenosis (ICAS) quantification depends on the method of stenosis measurement, impacting therapeutic decisions and outcomes. The NASCET method references the stenotic to the distal ICAS lumen, the ECST method to the local outer and the common carotid artery (CC) method to the CC diameter. Direct morphometric stenosis measurement with four-dimensionally guided three-dimensional ultrasonography (4D/3DC-US) demonstrated good validity for the commonly used NASCET method. The NASCET definition has clinically relevant drawbacks. Our purpose was to investigate the validity of the ECST and CC methods.

Materials and Methods 4D/3DC-US percent-stenosis measures of 103 stenoses (80 patients) were compared to quantitative catheter angiography and duplex ultrasonography (DUS) in a blinded fashion.

Results The 4D/3DC-US versus angiography intermethod standard deviation of differences (SDD, n = 103) was lower for the CC method (5.7 %) compared to the NASCET (8.1 %, p < 0.001) and ECST methods (9.1 %, p < 0.001). Additionally, it was lower than the NASCET angiography interrater SDD of 52 stenoses (SDD 7.2 %, p = 0.047) and non-inferior for the ECST method (p = 0.065). Interobserver analysis of equivalent grading methods showed no differences for the SDDs between angiography and 4D/3DC-US observers (p > 0.076). Binary comparison to angiography showed equal Kappa values > 0.7 and an accuracy ≥ 85 % for the NASCET and CC methods, higher than for the ECST method. The binary accuracy of ICAS grading did not differ from DUS for all methods.

Conclusion The new 4D/3DC-US CC method is an accurate and well reproducible alternative to the NASCET and ECST methods and offers potential for clinical application.
Activity Profiles by Position in Youth Elite Soccer Players in Official Matches
Authors: Pettersen Svein Arne , Brenn Tormod
Published: May 2019

In order to investigate activity profiles and external load patterns in elite youth soccer players, we studied high-intensity activity patterns, maximum running speed, and temporary and
end-of-match decline in external load in 54 U17 players (96 match observations) over a full season of official match play.

Wide midfielders covered most high-intensity running (HIR) distance (1044.2 m), most sprinting distance (224.4 m), and the highest number of accelerations (185.2); center defenders
had the lowest values for these activities (508.3 m, 85.1 m, and 119.0), respectively. Wide midfielders had the highest and center defenders had the lowest maximum speed (30.3 km · h − 1
and 28.6 km · h − 1), respectively. During the matches, players in all playing positions displayed a significant drop in HIR distance, sprinting distance, and number of accelerations. This was especially pronounced in the 5 min following the 5-min peak period and in the last 5-min period for sprinting distance.

There are substantial differences in activity profiles by positions, but all players show temporary and end-of-match drop in external load. The variation in activity profiles by playing
position in this study may aid in the design of training programs. The considerable end-of-match drop in external load observed raises the question of the favorability of 90 min match times for U17 players.
Intraoperative Use of C-Arm Fluoroscope for Location of Foreign Body in Maxillofacial Surgery: Series of Cases
Authors: Bhaskaran Manoj Kumar , Lijo Joseph , Shenoy Arjun , Rao Chinmay Vasant
Published: May 2019

The practice of maxillofacial surgery commonly entails working in anatomically confined boundaries with restricted access that can easily lead to instrument and foreign body slippage into deeper tissue planes and, rarely, be aspirated. The use of postoperative adjunctive radiographic techniques has long been used to locate any such misplaced foreign bodies to attempt removal or track their passage through the alimentary tract. The use of intraoperative computed tomography scanning has recently gained momentum; but the set up may not be easily available in all the operation theaters. As such, a definitive cost-effective technique to locate such objects remains elusive. The authors intend to share their experience with the use of the C-Arm fluoroscope for the purpose of real-time intraoperative location and attempted removal of foreign bodies in three patients. The C-Arm fluoroscope can thus be used as a cost-effective technique for real-time intraoperative imaging, compared with more expensive techniques.
Middle Cranial Fossa Encephalocele and Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage: Etiology, Approach, Outcomes
Authors: McNulty Beth , Schutt Christopher A. , Bojrab Dennis , Babu Seilesh
Published: May 2019

Objective To compare outcome data for surgical approaches in the management of a middle cranial fossa encephalocele or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak and, secondarily, to evaluate the role of obesity and the etiology of the defect.

Design Retrospective

Setting Quaternary referral center

Participants The study included 73 patients who underwent surgical repair of middle cranial fossa tegmen defects, two of which underwent bilateral repair.

Outcome Measures Demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, etiology, imaging, audiometry, surgical findings, method and material for repair, and postoperative course.

Results Fifty cases were spontaneous in origin, 2 were iatrogenic, and 23 were because of chronic otitis media. Of the 50, 18 underwent middle fossa craniotomy, 29 underwent a transmastoid approach, and 28 underwent a combined approach for repair. A postoperative CSF leak was seen in five patients: one who had undergone a transmastoid approach and four after a combined approach. There was no significant difference between the three approaches and risk of postoperative CSF fistulae. Two of the CSF fistulae resolved after a lumbar drain, and the remaining three patients required revision surgery.

Conclusions Middle cranial fossa tegmen defects are most commonly seen in obese females and are spontaneous in origin. The most common location was the tegmen mastoideum, and these defects were most commonly repaired through the transmastoid approach, with no greater risk of recurrence.
Preoperative Computed Tomography Imaging of the Sphenoid Sinus: Striving Towards Safe Transsphenoidal Surgery
Authors: Raseman John , Guryildirim Melike , Beer-Furlan André , Jhaveri Miral , Tajudeen Bobby A. , Byrne Richard W. , Batra Pete S.
Published: May 2019

Introduction Preoperative high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is essential in patients undergoing transsphenoidal surgery to identify potential high-risk anatomic variations. There is no consensus in the literature, as to which grading system to use to describe these variants, leading to inconsistent terminology between studies. In addition, substantial variability exists in the reported incidence of anatomic variants. In this study, we performed an institutional imaging analysis and literature review with the objective of consolidating and clearly defining these sphenoid sinus anatomical variations. In addition, we highlighted their surgical implications and propose a checklist for a systematic assessment of the sphenoid sinus on preoperative CT.

Methods Review of the literature and retrospective analysis assessing several imaging parameters in 81 patients who underwent preoperative HRCT imaging for endoscopic transsphenoidal tumor resection from January 2008 through July 2015 at Rush University Medical Center.

Results The most common sphenoid pneumatization patterns were sellar (45%) and postsellar (49%) types. Anterior clinoid process (ACP) pneumatization was seen in 17% of patients with high concordance of ipsilateral optic nerve (ON) protrusion. ON protrusion and dehiscence was present in 17 and 6% of patients, respectively. Internal carotid artery (ICA) protrusion and dehiscence was present in 30 and 5% of patients, respectively. Dehiscence rates from local bone invasion overlying the ICA and ON occurred in 17 and 4% of cases, respectively.

Conclusions Our study highlights and reviews the key variants that have potential to impact surgical complications and outcomes in a heterogeneous patient population. The proposed preoperative CT checklist for patients, undergoing transsphenoidal surgery, consistently identifies these higher risk anatomical variants.
Knowledge and Practice of the Concept of Driving Pressure: A Survey of Pediatric Intensivists in Brazil
Authors: Colleti José , Araujo Orlei , de Oliveira Rezende Felipe Caino , de Carvalho Werther Brunow
Published: May 2019

The objective of this study was to investigate the knowledge and clinical practices of Brazilian pediatric intensivists in relation to usage of the concept of driving pressure. Knowledge and practice patterns were assessed using a survey tool. The overall response rate was 22.8% (84 of 369); 69% of physicians responded that they had sufficient knowledge on the concept of driving pressure but only 56% correctly answered to specific knowledge questions about it. The majority of respondents (72.6%) claim to use this concept in their clinical practice although pediatric data are insufficient to routinely support the practice. This also suggests a good degree of knowledge translation from adult studies.
Comparison of Children with Migraine and Those with Tension-Type Headache for Psychiatric Symptoms and Quality of Life
Authors: Açıkel Burak Sadettin , Bilgiç Ayhan , Derin Hatice , Eroğlu Arzu , Akça Ömer Faruk , Çaksen Hüseyin
Published: May 2019

This study compared the severity of depression, anxiety, somatization, anxiety sensitivity, sleep disturbances, and quality of life (QoL) among children with migraine, children with tension-type headache (TTH), and healthy children. A total of 37 children with migraine, 22 with TTH, and a healthy control group (n = 35) participated in this study. Children with migraine exhibited higher depression and somatization and lower QoL scores than those in the control group. General sleep disturbances, bedtime resistance, sleep onset delay, sleep duration, sleep anxiety, night wakings, sleep-disordered breathing, and daytime sleepiness scores were also higher in those in the migraine group than in the control group. Regression models indicated that the severity of headache and depression scores significantly affected the QoLs of children with headache disorder as a whole. Migraine is associated with depression, somatization, sleep disturbances, and poor QoL, whereas TTH is associated with only sleep disturbances in childhood. The impact of headache on the QoL occurs mainly through the headache-specific and psychiatric factors.
Trapped-ion quantum computing: Progress and challenges
Authors: Bruzewicz Colin D. , Chiaverini John , McConnell Robert , Sage Jeremy M.
Published: May 2019

Trapped ions are among the most promising systems for practical quantum computing (QC). The basic requirements for universal QC have all been demonstrated with ions, and quantum algorithms using few-ion-qubit systems have been implemented. We review the state of the field, covering the basics of how trapped ions are used for QC and their strengths and limitations as qubits. In addition, we discuss what is being done, and what may be required, to increase the scale of trapped ion quantum computers while mitigating decoherence and control errors. Finally, we explore the outlook for trapped-ion QC. In particular, we discuss near-term applications, considerations impacting the design of future systems of trapped ions, and experiments and demonstrations that may further inform these considerations.
nEoS: neutron star equation of state from hadron physics alone
Authors: Lope Oter Eva , Windisch Andreas , Llanes-Estrada Felipe J , Alford Mark
Published: May 2019

We contribute a publicly available set of tables and code to provide equations of state (EoS) for matter at neutron star densities. Our EoS are constrained only by input from hadron physics and fundamental principles, without feedback from neutron star observations, and so without relying on general relativity (GR). They can therefore be used to test GR itself, as well as modified gravity theories, with neutron star observables, without logical circularity. We have adapted state of the art results from NN chiral potentials for the low-density limit, pQCD results for the asymptotically high-density EoS, and use monotony and causality as the only restrictions for intermediate densities, for the EoS sets to remain as model-independent as is feasible today.
Fight against background noise in stimulated emission depletion nanoscopy
Authors: Ma Ye , Ha Taekjip
Published: May 2019

STimulated emission depletion (STED) nanoscopy has been proposed to extend greatly our capability of using light to study a variety of biological problems with nanometer-scale resolution. However, in practice the unwanted background noise degrades the STED image quality and precludes quantitative analysis. Here, we discuss the underlying sources of the background noise in STED images, and review current approaches to alleviate this problem, such as time-gating, anti-Stokes excitation removal, and off-focus incomplete depletion suppression. Progress in correcting uncorrelated background photons in fluorescence correlation spectroscopy combined with STED (STED-FCS) will also be discussed.
Door Recognition Principles in GITA’s Machine Vision
Authors: Zheng Nanxuan , Cui Fangyu , Hui Yamching
Published: May 2019

Nowadays, in the traditional door or object recognition system, people use GluonCV and Tensorflow to help teach machines millions of pictures, and then base on the information in the database collected from the pictures to do the door recognition. While in the new proposal, a new door recognition system based on a machine carrier called GITA is proposed. In the proposal, the recognition elements comprise motionless elements, including door boundary, handle/bar, and ratio of body width and door width, and loco-motor elements, which include people’s gesture, change of door depth and change of illumination. In order to prove it, several different tests based on seven doors of different types are done.
The Development of the Virtual Testing System of the Self-Driving Cleaning Truck Based on Virtual Reality Technology
Authors: Yang Haonan , Wu Jing , Wang Xinyu , Gao Chao
Published: May 2019

With the development of autonomous driving technology, it is possible self-driving cleaning truck being driving and working automatically. However, a lot of field trials are timeconsuming and wasteful during the investigation of self-driving truck. In order to reduce lots of on-site and real vehicle tests, we construct a 3D virtual pilotless vehicle testing system for the cleaning truck based on virtual reality technology. 3DMax software is used to build virtual 3D scene static model and cleaning truck model. The established static models are imported into Unity3D to simulate different 3D scenes during cleaning truck self-driving. We designed a UI interface to build a virtual testing system of self-driving cleaning truck which is easy to realize human-computer interaction. we have achieved successfully the avoidance of obstacles and round-the-island driving. And we have successfully completed the identification of traffic lights and the pilotless driving test on crossroad virtual scene. In the virtual testing system, we can quickly experience the virtual testing scenes of the self-driving cleaning truck in various scenarios and get some kinematics information. The virtual testing system can partly replace the field tests and provide methods and theoretical guidance for field test, which can shorten the development cycle and save money, and is also unrestricted and repeatable. At the same time, the researching results provide new ideas and methods for the investigation of vehicle tests and pilotless driving.
A Method of License Plate Recognition Based on BP Neural Network with Median Filtering
Authors: Li Miaomiao , Miao Zhenjiang , Wang Jiaji , Wang Shengbo , Zhang Yuanhao
Published: May 2019

With the rapid increase of cars, the research of license plate recognition in intelligent traffic algorithm has attracted much attention. In this paper, pointing at the shortcomings of the existing recognition algorithm, we adopt a license plate recognition method based on BP neural network with a median filtering. The method consists of a median filtering algorithm for denoising and a BP neural network for training and testing. First the character library is processed by median filtering to remove the influence of noise. Then, utilizing the strong learning ability of BP, the character library is passed into the network for classification. Compared with the traditional algorithm, our method not only speeds up the recognition efficiency, but also obtains more robust results. Therefore, the proposed approach can provide a technical support for the practical application of license plate recognizing.
Action Keyframe Connection Network for Temporal Action Proposal Generation
Authors: Wang Shengbo , Miao Zhenjiang , Zhou Tianyu , Li Miaomiao , Zhang Ruyi
Published: May 2019

Temporal action detection is an important research topic in computer vision, of which Temporal Action Proposal (TAP) generation is a key step for finding candidate action segments. Our paper provides an action proposal generation network for temporally untrimmed videos in which a new effective and efficient deep architecture named action keyframe connection network for temporal action proposal Generation. Firstly, a two-stream network is adopted to extract frame-level features which inclued appearance feature and optical flow feature. The temporal information helps the subsequent network to determine whether a frame is the beginning or the ending of the action. Secondly, a position discrimination network is designed to infer the probability of each frame being starting frame or ending frame. The network outputs a starting probability sequence and an ending probability sequence which indicates the start of the action and the end of the action respectively. Finally, our network generates a proposal by a specific threshold rule combining the points in the starting probability sequence and the ending probability sequence. We carry out experiments on ActivityNet dataset to compare our proposed method with the state-of-the-art methods. Experiment results show that our method achieves superior performance over other methods.
Feature Extraction Method for EEG based Biometrics
Authors: Li Sukun , Cha Sung-Hyuk
Published: May 2019

Distinct feature extraction methods are simultaneously used to describe single channel Electroencephalography (EEG) based biometrics. This study proposes a new strategy to extract features from EEG signals. Based on the time and frequency information, the statistics features are obtained from the EEGs. For the dichotomize process, the support vector machine classifier is used with 10-cross-fold in this research. The main contribution of this paper is to propose a simple but effective single-channel EEG feature extraction method and consider feature selection to optimize classification efficiency. In the experiments, the EEG data is obtained from a human-computer interaction environment when the subjects are under the non-stationary states with different emotions. The results show that this proposed method achieves better classification performance on a single-channel EEG system than previous work.