bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The research on infrared radiation affected by smoke or fog in different environmental temperatures
Authors: Li Huaizhou , Wen Shupei , Li Sen , Wang Hong , Geng Xin , Wang Shuaijun , Zhai Jinlong , Zhang Wenhua
Published: June 2024

Infrared thermal imaging camera as a non-contact monitoring of the object to be measured is widely used in fire detection, driving assistance and so on. Although there are many related studies, there is a lack of research on the influence of fog or smoke on infrared imaging under different environmental temperatures. To address this shortcoming, The temperature of both the environment and the target in this experiment is controlled by PID technology. The smoke or fog environment is generated using a smoke cake or an ultrasonic fog machine. The temperature of the target was measured by infrared thermal imaging camera. It was observed that as the temperature of the environment increases, the measured temperature of the target also increases. However, the change in temperature is more pronounced in the fog environment compared to either the smoke environment or the normal environment. It has been found through research that environmental radiation causes temperature changes in fog droplets. Therefore, Infrared radiation is less affected in the smoke environment and more affected in the fog environment. Additionally, when the environmental temperature is close to the target's temperature, the infrared image becomes blurred.
Development of a new prognostic model to predict pneumonia outcome using artificial intelligence-based chest radiograph results
Authors: Shin Hyun Joo , Lee Eun Hye , Han Kyunghwa , Ryu Leeha , Kim Eun-Kyung
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to develop a new simple and effective prognostic model using artificial intelligence (AI)-based chest radiograph (CXR) results to predict the outcomes of pneumonia. Patients aged > 18 years, admitted the treatment of pneumonia between March 2020 and August 2021 were included. We developed prognostic models, including an AI-based consolidation score in addition to the conventional CURB-65 (confusion, urea, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and age ≥ 65) and pneumonia severity index (PSI) for predicting pneumonia outcomes, defined as 30-day mortality during admission. A total of 489 patients, including 310 and 179 patients in training and test sets, were included. In the training set, the AI-based consolidation score on CXR was a significant variable for predicting the outcome (hazard ratio 1.016, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.001–1.031). The model that combined CURB-65, initial O2 requirement, intubation, and the AI-based consolidation score showed a significantly high C-index of 0.692 (95% CI 0.628–0.757) compared to other models. In the test set, this model also demonstrated a significantly high C-index of 0.726 (95% CI 0.644–0.809) compared to the conventional CURB-65 and PSI (p < 0.001 and 0.017, respectively). Therefore, a new prognostic model incorporating AI-based CXR results along with traditional pneumonia severity score could be a simple and useful tool for predicting pneumonia outcomes in clinical practice.
Unraveling ice multiplication in winter orographic clouds via in-situ observations, remote sensing and modeling
Authors: Georgakaki Paraskevi , Billault-Roux Anne-Claire , Foskinis Romanos , Gao Kunfeng , Sotiropoulou Georgia , Gini Maria , Takahama Satoshi , Eleftheriadis Konstantinos , Papayannis Alexandros , Berne Alexis , Nenes Athanasios
Published: June 2024

Recent years have shown that secondary ice production (SIP) is ubiquitous, affecting all clouds from polar to tropical regions. SIP is not described well in models and may explain biases in warm mixed-phase cloud ice content and structure. Through modeling constrained by in-situ observations and its synergy with radar we show that SIP in orographic clouds exert a profound impact on the vertical distribution of hydrometeors and precipitation, especially in seeder-feeder cloud configurations. The mesoscale model simulations coupled with a radar simulator strongly support that enhanced aggregation and SIP through ice-ice collisions contribute to observed spectral bimodalities, skewing the Doppler spectra toward the slower-falling side at temperatures within the dendritic growth layer, ranging from −20 °C to −10 °C. This unique signature provides an opportunity to infer long-term SIP occurrences from the global cloud radar data archive, particularly for this underexplored temperature regime.
Redefined background state in the tropical Pacific resolves the entanglement between the background state and ENSO
Authors: Huang Ping , Chen Yue , Li Jinbao , Yan Hong
Published: June 2024

Understanding the co-variability between the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the background state in the tropical Pacific is critical for projecting future ENSO. The difficulty is rooted in a circular logic that the background state routinely defined by multi-decadal mean modulates, and is modulated by, ENSO. This circularity arises due to the asymmetry between El Niño and La Niña, resulting in a non-zero mean, referred to as the ENSO rectification effect. Here, we develop a method based on Box-Cox normalization to define the tropical Pacific background state and its associated anomalies, which removes the ENSO rectification effect and is referred to as the normalized mean state. The normalized mean state accurately quantifies ENSO-related anomalies, ENSO asymmetry, and the ENSO rectification effect. It is evident in both observations and model simulations that the normalized mean state has a clear asymmetric impact on the amplitude of ENSO. A warm background state weakens El Niño but strengthens La Niña through two key processes: the nonlinear response of precipitation to SST and oceanic zonal advection feedback. The normalized mean state successfully solves the circular reasoning fallacy resulting from ENSO asymmetry and offers a framework to study ENSO and tropical climate dynamics with far-reaching impacts on global climate.
Circadian rapid eye movement sleep expression is associated with brain microstructural integrity in older adults
Authors: Deantoni Michele , Reyt Mathilde , Dourte Marine , de Haan Stella , Lesoinne Alexia , Vandewalle Gilles , Phillips Christophe , Berthomier Christian , Maquet Pierre , Muto Vincenzo , Hammad Grégory , Schmidt Christina , Baillet Marion
Published: June 2024

Rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) is increasingly suggested as a discriminant sleep state for subtle signs of age-related neurodegeneration. While REMS expression is under strong circadian control and circadian dysregulation increases with age, the association between brain aging and circadian REMS regulation has not yet been assessed. Here, we measure the circadian amplitude of REMS through a 40-h in-lab multiple nap protocol in controlled laboratory conditions, and brain microstructural integrity with quantitative multi-parameter mapping (MPM) imaging in 86 older individuals. We show that reduced circadian REMS amplitude is related to lower magnetization transfer saturation (MTsat), longitudinal relaxation rate (R1) and effective transverse relaxation rate (R2*) values in several white matter regions mostly located around the lateral ventricles, and with lower R1 values in grey matter clusters encompassing the hippocampus, parahippocampus, thalamus and hypothalamus. Our results further highlight the importance of considering circadian regulation for understanding the association between sleep and brain structure in older individuals.
Hog1 acts in a Mec1-independent manner to counteract oxidative stress following telomerase inactivation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Zeinoun Bechara , Teixeira Maria Teresa , Barascu Aurélia
Published: June 2024

Replicative senescence is triggered when telomeres reach critically short length and activate permanent DNA damage checkpoint-dependent cell cycle arrest. Mitochondrial dysfunction and increase in oxidative stress are both features of replicative senescence in mammalian cells. However, how reactive oxygen species levels are controlled during senescence is elusive. Here, we show that reactive oxygen species levels increase in the telomerase-negative cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during replicative senescence, and that this coincides with the activation of Hog1, a mammalian p38 MAPK ortholog. Hog1 counteracts increased ROS levels during replicative senescence. While Hog1 deletion accelerates replicative senescence, we found this could stem from a reduced cell viability prior to telomerase inactivation. ROS levels also increase upon telomerase inactivation when Mec1, the yeast ortholog of ATR, is mutated, suggesting that oxidative stress is not simply a consequence of DNA damage checkpoint activation in budding yeast. We speculate that oxidative stress is a conserved hallmark of telomerase-negative eukaryote cells, and that its sources and consequences can be dissected in S. cerevisiae.
Temporal mode switching during polariton condensation
Authors: Urbonas Darius , Moilanen Antti J. , Arnardottir Kristin B. , Scherf Ullrich , Mahrt Rainer F. , Törmä Päivi , Stöferle Thilo
Published: June 2024

Multimode behavior plays a key role in a wide range of nonlinear optical phenomena. Multiple exciton-polariton modes can attain macroscopic population as observed in time-integrated measurements. Recent theory work has shown that, rather than being simultaneously in many modes, the population may temporally switch between the modes. However, the origin and the dynamics of multimode condensation has not been experimentally addressed. Here, we study the dynamics of exciton-polariton condensation into multiple modes of Gaussian defect microcavities filled with ladder type polymer gain material methyl-substituted ladder-type poly(p-phenylene) MeLPPP. We deploy a second-order cumulant model to simulate the dynamics of the system and find picosecond-timescale switching between condensate modes. By interferometric measurements we reveal the experimental signatures of such mode competition behaviour.
Precursory arch-like structures explain the clogging probability in a granular hopper flow
Authors: Zhang Shuyang , Zeng Zhikun , Yuan Houfei , Li Zhifeng , Wang Yujie
Published: June 2024

The clogging phenomenon finds extensive application in both industrial processes and daily life events. While this broad spectrum of application motivated extensive research to identify the general factors underlying the clogging mechanism, it results in a fragmented and system-specific understanding of the entire clogging process. Therefore, it is essential to establish a holistic understanding of all contributing factors of clogging based on the microscopic physical mechanisms. In this paper, we experimentally investigate clogging of granular materials in a two-dimensional hopper flow and present a self-consistent physical mechanism of clogging based on precursory chain structures. These chain structures follow a specific modified restricted random walk, and clogging occurs when they are mechanically stable enough to withstand the flow fluctuations. We introduce a single-particle model that can explain the arch-forming probability. Our results provide insight into the microscopic mechanism behind clogging and a broader understanding of the dynamics of dense granular flow.
Reversible anion-dependent iodine uptake in nonporous pseudopolymorphic coordination polymers
Authors: Khorshidi Ghazale , Notash Behrouz , Kubicki Maciej
Published: June 2024

Novel nonporous hydrogen bonded urea-based CPs with the formula {[Hg(4,4-pbubp)X2](DMSO)x}n (X = Cl, Br, I) were synthesized. The iodine uptake capacity varied with the anion, compound containing the chlorine anion showing the highest capacity.
Hydrogen bond network structures of protonated dimethylamine clusters H+(DMA)n (n = 3–7)
Authors: Mizuide Atsuya , Fujii Asuka
Published: June 2024

Hydrogen bond network motifs formed by NH bonds are explored via infrared spectroscopy of size-selected protonated dimethylamine clusters.
Confinement of ZIF-67-derived N, Co-doped C@Si on a 2D MXene for enhanced lithium storage
Authors: Xiong Jianbo , Li Qing , Tan Xiaojuan , Guo Xue , Li Kaihui , Luo Qiaolin , Chen Yao , Tong Xiaolan , Na Bing , Zhong Ming
Published: June 2024

N, Co-doped C@Si on a 2D MXene was constructed for boosting the performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), which demonstrated ultrahigh reversible capacity, outstanding rate capability and excellent cycling performance in lithium-ion batteries.
Influence of inorganic nano-fertilizer on the transport and release of nano- and micro-plastics in saturated quartz sand
Authors: Liu Yanan , Lu Jizhe , Gu Genyao , Liu Shenghao , Chen Quanyuan , Zhang Yunfei , Cai Li
Published: June 2024

Nano-CaCO3 enhanced both the transport and release of nano- and micro-plastics in porous media, accelerating their threat to groundwater.
Photoredox-catalyzed selective deuterodefluorination of α,α-difluoroarylacetic esters and amides
Authors: Yuan Zi-Hang , Xin Hong , Gao Yuan , Sun Guo-Wei , Zhao Rui-Ying , Duan Xin-Hua , Guo Li-Na
Published: June 2024

A highly selective photocatalytic deuterodefluorination of α, α-difluoroarylacetic esters and amides with D2O is presented. The use of a catalytic amount of disulfide is crucial for both the C–F bond activation and the C–D bond formation.
Electrochemical semi-hydrogenation of adiponitrile over copper nanowires as a key step for the green synthesis of nylon-6
Authors: Wu Shutao , Cheng Jia , Xiang Yang , Tu Yunchuan , Huang Xun , Wei Zidong
Published: June 2024

The electrochemical semi-hydrogenation of ADN to ACN with a Cu NWAs electrode in alkaline media.
Recent advances in scanning electrochemical microscopy for probing the sites in electrocatalysts
Authors: Li Jie , Yang Heng , Gu Xiaofeng , Zou Yuqin , Zhan Dongping , Peng Juan
Published: June 2024

In this review, we summarized the application methods of SECM in electrochemical reactions and also discussed the challenges and prospects of SECM in characterizing the activity of electrocatalysts.
Zinc-induced polycrystalline transformation of high-entropy fluorides and derived regulatory mechanisms for bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysis
Authors: Wang Gang , Chi Hao , Feng Yang , Fan Jie , Deng Nanping , Kang Weimin , Cheng Bowen
Published: June 2024

Zinc-induced polymorphic transition of high-entropy fluorides to enhance efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysis.
Tailoring the cage and functionality of POSS for scalable low-dielectric and tough cyanate ester hybrid resin
Authors: Zhang Zongwu , Zhou Yijie , Cao Yikang , Ma Xutao , Wang Shumeng , Wang Jian , Xiang Ziqian , Chen Fang , Ma Xiaoyan
Published: June 2024

2EGEP-POSS and 4EGEP-POSS with larger cage size and lower functionality were synthesised to copolymeize with cyanate ester (CE) resin. The CE/2(or 4)EGEP-POSS hybrid resins exhibit remarkable toughness and low-dielectric characteristics.
Adaptive convergence enhancement strategies for Newton–Raphson power flow solutions in distribution networks
Authors: Yang Nien‐Che , Tseng Chih‐Hsiung
Published: June 2024

This study introduces a series of strategies to enhance convergence in the Newton–Raphson power flow method for unbalanced distribution networks. The proposed approach incorporates graph theory, Kron reduction, and current injection techniques. The network components, including transmission conductors, power transformers, power conductors, shunt capacitors/reactors, and demand loads, were merged into the bus impedance matrix. Using two identification processes (based on mismatches for bus voltages and bus power injections) and optimal multipliers (μ), the proposed approach estimates the initial bus voltages by approximating the converged solutions. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach, the authors performed a comparative analysis of five IEEE test feeders in various scenarios. The results confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed approach, particularly for unbalanced distribution systems with diverse transformer connections.
SO2 and SOF2 simultaneous detection by single mid‐infrared laser based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Yin , Li Yan , Yan Jin , Bian Chao , Chen Xuan , Zhang Xiaoxing
Published: June 2024

In the detection of multi‐component gas based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS), the problem of overlapping interference between the absorption lines of each gas is often encountered. For example, when detecting a gas mixture of sulphur dioxide (SO2) and thionyl fluoride (SOF2), the characteristic decomposition components of SF6, there is overlapping interference in the absorption lines of the two gases, which makes it difficult to detect the concentration of gases accurately. In view of this problem, a novel method based on support vector regression model used for TDLAS is proposed to detect two gases simultaneously. The detection results show that the correlation coefficients between the concentration of SO2 and SOF2 and the average value of the second harmonic peak reached 0.992 and 0.993. In addition, through model testing, different concentrations of SO2 and SOF2 gas mixture are simultaneously detected, and the resulting maximum errors for measuring SO2 and SOF2 concentrations are less than 7.13 × 10−5 and 0.26 × 10−2. The maximum errors of the measurement results in the verification test are not more than 6.4 × 10−3 and 4.6 × 10−2. Therefore, with assistance of the novel method, the detection of multiple gases by using a single laser is achieved.
VPDet: Refined region CNN for hair follicle recognition in arbitrary angle
Authors: Gu Xinyu , Zhang Xiaoxu
Published: June 2024

In response to the growing demand for hair‐loss treatments, this study introduces the vector proposal detector (VPDet), a groundbreaking solution in hair transplant robotics. VPDet, distinct from traditional approaches, addresses the complex challenges of hair follicle detection, notably the variability in hair growth orientations and the intricacies of hair clustering. The method innovatively leverages the linear nature of hair, spanning a full 360‐degree orientation spectrum. The VPDet framework, a novel two‐stage object detection system, incorporates the vector proposal network and vector align blocks. These elements are crucial in transforming conventional anchor boxes into anchor vectors, thereby generating reference vectors across various scales and angles. The vector align block, a key innovation, uniquely combines vector and adjacent feature data to align features through shared maps. The extensive experiments, conducted on the FDU_HairFollicleDataset and an extended dataset, exhibit a remarkable enhancement in model performance, with a 51.3% increase in precision and a 20.8% boost in F1 score. The results not only demonstrate VPDet's superior capability in hair follicle recognition but also its potential in posture recognition for vector‐characteristic objects. This approach represents a significant advancement in both the field of hair transplant robotics and vector‐based object detection.
The origin of the X-ray luminosity of the green pea galaxies: X-ray binaries or active galactic nuclei?
Authors: Liu Siqi , Luo A-Li , Zheng Zhenya , Zhang Wei , Fu Yu-Ming , Lin Zi-Kun
Published: June 2024

Context. Green pea galaxies (GPs) are renowned for their compact sizes, low masses, strong emission lines, high star formation rates (SFRs), and being analogs to high-z Lyα-emitting galaxies.

Aims. This investigation focuses on a curated sample of six GPs with X-ray detections, sourced from XMM-Newton, Swift, Chandra and eROSITA, with the aim to elucidate the origin of their X-ray luminosity.

Methods. We determined the GPs’ physical properties, including the SFRs, stellar masses, and metallicities, based on multiwavelength photometry and LAMOST spectra analysis.

Results. Within the LX–SFR relation, GPs predominantly occupy the high specific SFR domain, where high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) dominate, leading to an excess in X-ray luminosity compared to the sole contributions from HMXBs (LXHMXB). Moreover, GPs exhibit a noticeable excess in X-ray luminosity within the LX–SFR–metallicity relationship. The cumulative input from X-ray binaries, hot gas, hot interstellar medium, and young stellar objects falls short in accounting for the X-ray luminosity observed in GPs. The presence of active galactic nucleus (AGNs) surfaces is suggested based on mid-infrared color–color criteria. Furthermore, based on the MBH derived from LAMOST optical spectra, GPs conform to the MBH–M⋆ scaling relation.

Conclusions. The origin of the X-ray excess likely stems from the combined contributions of HMXBs and AGNs, although further scrutiny via X-ray spectra and spatially resolved imaging using forthcoming facilities is needed to confirm this.
Procedimentos assistidos por artroscopia no punho e na mão: Atualização. Onde nós estamos?
Authors: Falcochio Diego Figueira , Brunelli João Pedro Farina , Oliveira Ricardo Kaempf de , Ruggiero Gustavo Mantovani
Published: June 2024

A artroscopia de punho e mão, apesar de ser uma ferramenta antiga, tem ganhado popularidade e avançado no auxílio do tratamento das mais diversas lesões e doenças da região nos últimos anos. Utilizam-se portais acessórios dorsais, volares, ulnares e radiais para se alcançar todos os pontos das articulações do carpo e da mão. O menor dano tecidual, a menor lesão da cápsula e de seus mecanoceptores, a avaliação de lesões associadas ao motivo da cirurgia e as cicatrizes esteticamente mais favoráveis têm atraído muitos médicos e seus pacientes. Com isso, houve um aumento das publicações e diversificações de técnicas artroscópicas. O objetivo deste artigo de atualização é mostrar os avanços e o que temos de evidência na literatura para apoiar os leitores na sua decisão sobre qual técnica utilizar nos tratamentos das doenças do punho e da mão.
Uso da impressão tridimensional para auxílio diagnóstico e terapêutico das fraturas de pilão tibial
Authors: Wustro Leonardo , Silva João Luiz Vieira da , Moura Bruno Arnaldo Bonacin , Schoenberger Helena Squizatto , Takito Debora , D'Agostini Júlio César Honório
Published: June 2024

Objetivo Avaliar se a impressão tridimensional (3D) aumenta a concordância na classificação de fraturas do pilão tibial.

Métodos Foram selecionadas radiografias, tomografias com reconstrução 3D e impressão de prototipagem em impressora 3D. Os exames foram apresentados a profissionais da área de Ortopedia e Traumatologia que classificaram as fraturas com base nas classificações da Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO, Associação para o Estudo da Fixação Interna) Foundation/Orthopedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA) e de Rüedi-Allgöwer. Posteriormente, os dados foram avaliados pelos coeficientes de concordância de Kappa.

Resultados O uso do modelo 3D não melhorou a concordância na fratura do pilão tibial quanto ao tratamento proposto pelos grupos. Em relação aos sistemas de classificação, somente a concordância na classificação AO/OTA melhorou quando foi utilizado o modelo 3D na avaliação pelos especialistas em pé e tornozelo.

Conclusão Apesar de o uso da impressão 3D ter relevância estatística para os cirurgiões especialistas em pé e tornozelo, ainda apresenta valores menores do que os ideais.
A influência de diferentes montagens dos tendões flexores no diâmetro final do enxerto na reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior
Authors: Pinheiro Lúcio Flávio Biondi , Cenni Marcos Henrique Frauendorf , Estefani Thiago César Ladeira , Bueno Allan José Lima , Ferreira Thiago Penido Moreira , Pina Guilherme Cardoso Ferreira
Published: June 2024

Objetivo Buscamos comparar o diâmetro dos enxertos com utilização dos tendões grácil e semitendíneo na reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) utilizando as montagens quádrupla, quíntupla e sêxtupla. Outro objetivo é avaliar em qual porcentagem de pacientes é possível cada tipo de montagem, em função do comprimento de cada tendão livre.

Métodos Setenta e um pacientes foram submetidos à reconstrução do LCA utilizando tendões isquitibiais. Foram medidos os diâmetros das montagens quádrupla, quíntupla e sêxtupla em todos pacientes. Registramos os comprimento dos tendões e o diâmetro do enxerto com os três tipos de montagens.

Resultados As comparações entre as montagens mostraram diferença estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,001). A cada montagem, aumentou 1 mm o diâmetro do enxerto e isso foi estatisticamente significativo (p < 0,001). Em 2,8% dos pacientes, somente a montagem quádrupla foi possível, pois os comprimentos livres dos 2 tendões retirados foram menores que 24 cm. Em 23,9% desses, foi possível a montagem quíntupla; pois somente o semitendíneo tinha comprimento mínimo de 24 cm e, em 73,2%, foi possível a montagem sêxtupla com o comprimento dos 2 tendões igual ou superior a 24 cm.

Conclusão Em 97,2% dos casos foi possível realizar a montagem quíntupla ou sêxtupla, já que o comprimento final do enxerto de no mínimo 8 cm apresenta diferença estatisticamente significante entre as comparações.
Prevalência de dor musculoesquelética em golfistas amadores do estado de São Paulo: Um estudo transversal
Authors: Gonçalves Daniele Rodrigues , Silva Milla Pompilio da , Tamaoki Marcel Jun Sugawara , Belloti João Carlos
Published: June 2024

Objetivo Verificar a prevalência de dores musculoesqueléticas em golfistas amadores do estado de São Paulo.

Métodos Este é um estudo transversal realizado de setembro de 2019 a março de 2020 em clubes de golfe afiliados à Federação Paulista de Golfe. Jogadores federados foram avaliados quanto a dados da prática de golfe e da rotina esportiva por um investigador principal, por meio de um formulário de avaliação com questões de múltipla escolha, para a determinação das características da amostra e da intensidade da dor recente pela Escala Visual Analógica (EVA).

Resultados Cerca de 359 golfistas amadores foram analisados. A prevalência de dor foi de 55,15% (intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC95%]: 50,0% a 60,3%); a intensidade média da dor segundo a EVA foi moderada (média ± desvio padrão: 5,21 ± 2,04; razão de probabilidades [odds ratio, OR, em inglês]: 47,98%). A faixa etária dos golfistas esteve significativamente associada à presença de dor (p < 0,05). A maior estimativa de prevalência de dor foi de 68,80% na faixa etária de 30 a 39 anos (OR: 7,33; IC95%: 2,26 a 23,85; p = 0,0009). Os segmentos mais acometidos por dor foram os membros superiores (65,66%), seguidos da coluna (59,09%) e dos membros inferiores (32,83%).

Conclusão Há uma alta taxa de prevalência de dor em golfistas amadores brasileiros, especialmente em jogadores mais jovens, na faixa etária de 30 a 39 anos.
Atualizações no tratamento da osteoartrite de joelho
Authors: Pires Diego Pontes de Carvalho , Monte Felipe Alves do , Monteiro Leonardo Freire , Soares Francisco Rafael do Couto , Faria José Leonardo Rocha de
Published: June 2024

A osteoartrite (OA) do joelho é uma doença inflamatória e degenerativa que ocasiona a destruição da cartilagem articular e leva à perda de funções. Sua prevalência vem crescendo consideravelmente devido ao aumento da expectativa de vida e da obesidade, e o diagnóstico pode ser feito por meio de avaliação e exames médicos, e é confirmado em imagens radiográficas complementares. Uma condição multifatorial, a OA do joelho pode ser influenciada por diversos aspectos locais, sistêmicos e externos; além disso, a sua evolução e as respostas aos tratamentos dependem muito das características de cada indivíduo. Inicialmente, recomenda-se proceder a um tratamento medicamentoso e a terapias alternativas que melhorem a qualidade de vida do paciente; mas, a partir do momento em que se verifica que tais terapias não estão proporcionando resultados satisfatórios, um tratamento cirúrgico deve ser considerado. Entre os tratamentos cirúrgicos, as artroscopias, as osteotomias e as artroplastias parciais e totais são destacadas; os métodos não cirúrgicos incluem o uso de medicamentos e de terapias alternativas, como infiltrações, acupuntura e prática de exercícios físicos. Vale ressaltar ainda que a utilização de biomarcadores pode ser uma importante estratégia para detectar precocemente a doença, avaliar sua atividade, prever um prognóstico e monitorar uma melhor resposta à terapia; porém, esse tema ainda deve ser foco de mais estudos para que os seus resultados sejam comprovados.
Lesões ortopédicas nos praticantes de beach tennis no Brasil
Authors: Costa Antonio Carlos da , Dornelas Luana Baptistele , Makishi Marina Rafaele
Published: June 2024

Objetivo Analisar os dados epidemiolügicos das lesões ortopédicas nos praticantes de beach tennis.

Métodos Foi realizado um estudo transversal, por meio de questionário, em 185 praticantes de beach tennis, durante torneios e treinos, em duas cidades. O questionário consistiu na coleta de dados antropométricos, além de dados relativos ao tempo de prática do esporte e às lesões ortopédicas referidas.

Resultados Excluímos 25 dos 185 entrevistados. Dos 160 praticantes estudados, 51,9% eram do sexo masculino, e 48,1%, do feminino. A média de idade foi de 40,4 anos, a média da estatura foi de 1,73 m, a média do peso, de 75,6 kg, e a média do índice de massa corporal (IMC), de 25,2 kg/m2. A presença de lesões ortopédicas foi relatada por 48,8% dos praticantes, sendo 30,0% nos membros inferiores (MMII), 11,3% na coluna, e 25,0% nos membros superiores (MMSS), com incidência de 0,82 a cada mil horas de prática. Correlacionando a incidência de lesões com idade, peso, altura e IMC, encontramos relevância apenas entre a média de idade maior nos pacientes com lesão nos MMII e MMSS. Os jogadores que não tinham experiência prévia com outros esportes com raquete tiveram menos lesões. Demais parâmetros, como sexo, uso do backhand com duas mãos, lado dominante, participação em competições e prática de outros esportes não obtiveram diferenças estatisticamente significantes.

Conclusão Lesões ortopédicas foram encontradas em quase a metade dos praticantes de beach tennis, preferencialmente nos MMII. Idade, experiência com outros esportes de raquete, categoria, horas de treino por semana e tempo de prática do esporte influenciaram na incidência de lesões ortopédicas.
Comparação dos resultados funcionais da reconstrução artroscópica do ligamento cruzado anterior pelas técnicas all-inside e outside-in: Um ensaio clínico controlado, randomizado e duplo-cego
Authors: Varghese Paulson , Patra Saroj Kumar , Das Gurudip , Patro Bishnu P. , Jain Gunjar , P. Haridas M.
Published: June 2024

Objetivo Comparar os resultados funcionais da reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) com autoenxerto de isquiotibiais pela técnica all-inside (AI) com Endobutton (Smith & Nephew, Watford, Hertfordshire, Inglaterra) cortical de alça ajustável nos lados do fêmur e da tíbia e pela técnica outside-in (OI) com parafuso de interferência no lado tibial e Endobutton cortical no lado femoral.

Métodos Trata-se de um ensaio clínico controlado, randomizado e duplo-cego com 44 pacientes submetidos à reconstrução artroscópica do LCA de fevereiro de 2019 a fevereiro de 2022 em um hospital de cuidados terciários. De acordo com a randomização por computador, os pacientes foram distribuídos em dois grupos: AI e OI. Ambos os grupos foram avaliados durante 12 meses pela Escala Visual Analógica (EVA), a Escala de Pontuação do Joelho de Lysholm e pela parte I (pontuação de dor) e a parte II (pontuação de função) da escala Knee Society Score (KSS).

Resultados No segundo dia de pós-operatório, a pontuação média na EVA foi significativamente maior no grupo OI (p = 0,0001), mas insignificante (p 0,807) às 6 semanas. Aos 3, 6 e 12 meses de acompanhamento, a pontuação na Escala de Lysholm (p = 0,001) foi significativamente maior no grupo AI. Aos 6 meses, ambas as partes da KSS apresentam uma diferença significativa, com o grupo AI apresentando um desfecho melhor (p = 0,04). No entanto, aos 12 meses, o grupo AI apresentou uma pontuação melhor na parte I da KSS, mas não foram observadas diferenças na parte II.

Conclusão Em um acompanhamento de 12 meses, os pacientes submetidos à técnica AI apresentaram melhores pontuações de desfecho e alívio da dor do que aqueles submetidos à técnica OI.
Platelet Activation Pathways Controlling Reversible Integrin αIIbβ3 Activation
Authors: Zou Jinmi , Sun Siyu , De Simone Ilaria , ten Cate Hugo , de Groot Philip G. , de Laat Bas , Roest Mark , Heemskerk Johan W.M. , Swieringa Frauke
Published: June 2024

Background Agonist-induced platelet activation, with the integrin αIIbβ3 conformational change, is required for fibrinogen binding. This is considered reversible under specific conditions, allowing a second phase of platelet aggregation. The signaling pathways that differentiate between a permanent or transient activation state of platelets are poorly elucidated.

Objective To explore platelet signaling mechanisms induced by the collagen receptor glycoprotein VI (GPVI) or by protease-activated receptors (PAR) for thrombin that regulate time-dependent αIIbβ3 activation.

Methods Platelets were activated with collagen-related peptide (CRP, stimulating GPVI), thrombin receptor-activating peptides, or thrombin (stimulating PAR1 and/or 4). Integrin αIIbβ3 activation and P-selectin expression was assessed by two-color flow cytometry. Signaling pathway inhibitors were applied before or after agonist addition. Reversibility of platelet spreading was studied by microscopy.

Results Platelet pretreatment with pharmacological inhibitors decreased GPVI- and PAR-induced integrin αIIbβ3 activation and P-selectin expression in the target order of protein kinase C (PKC) > glycogen synthase kinase 3 > β-arrestin > phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase. Posttreatment revealed secondary αIIbβ3 inactivation (not P-selectin expression), in the same order, but this reversibility was confined to CRP and PAR1 agonist. Combined inhibition of conventional and novel PKC isoforms was most effective for integrin closure. Pre- and posttreatment with ticagrelor, blocking the P2Y12 adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor, enhanced αIIbβ3 inactivation. Spreading assays showed that PKC or P2Y12 inhibition provoked a partial conversion from filopodia to a more discoid platelet shape.

Conclusion PKC and autocrine ADP signaling contribute to persistent integrin αIIbβ3 activation in the order of PAR1/GPVI > PAR4 stimulation and hence to stabilized platelet aggregation. These findings are relevant for optimization of effective antiplatelet treatment.
Anarchism: war, violence and scapegoating
Authors: Stevens Simon , Kinna Ruth
Published: June 2024

This article gives an anarchist account of politics as war to theorise an anarchist Realpolitik. Mikhail Vereshchagin’s killing in War and Peace provides the springboard to review the claim that sovereign power secures peace and to explore the merit of scapegoating. We elaborate the anarchist account of politics as war by juxtaposing Foucault’s and Proudhon’s interpretations of Hobbes’ sovereign and adopt the term ‘reverse ethics’ to describe the proposal that citizens retain the philosophical right to forcefully disrupt the state’s supposed peace. The anarchist embrace of war conflicts with the common view that anarchism’s alignment of the means and ends of political action commits anarchists to reject violence. To meet this objection, we discuss Frazer and Hutchings’ theorisation of anarchist ambivalence. We argue that reverse ethics complicates tensions between the presumption of non-violence and the critique of state violence. To consider the use of force in liberal democracy, we connect reverse ethics to Hyams’ anarchist defence of upward scapegoating and targeted assassination. Considering applications in contemporary politics, we argue that reverse ethics constructively redirects attention from the need to justify political violence to the demand to hold sovereign power to its contractual obligation. This is anarchist Realpolitik.
Deference in Human Rights Adjudication
Authors: Chan Cora
Published: June 2024

In human rights adjudication, courts sometimes face issues that they lack the expertise or constitutional legitimacy to resolve. One way of dealing with such issues is to ‘defer’, or accord a margin of appreciation, to the judgments of public authorities. Although there is a rich literature on the subject of deference, two important questions remain unresolved: what devices courts should use to exercise deference, and how deference can be made more workable for judges and predictable for litigants. This book offers the first comprehensive analysis of these questions. It introduces six devices for deference (namely, the burden of proof, standard of proof, standard of review, giving of weight, choice of interpretation, and choice of remedy), analyses how courts should choose amongst them, and proposes techniques for rendering deference practicable. The book’s arguments will enable human rights adjudication to be more principled and more in line with the rule of law and separation of powers. The book has two distinctive features. First, it engages with the jurisprudence of six common law jurisdictions that apply a structured proportionality test in rights adjudication, namely, Canada, Hong Kong, Ireland, Israel, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. Second, the book offers guidelines for judges who wish to apply its theoretical arguments. Combining theory with practice in a broad range of jurisdictions, the book will be an important reference for researchers and students of constitutional theory, comparative constitutional law, and human rights law around the world. It will also assist practitioners, judges, and policymakers who have to grapple with issues of deference in adjudication.
Introduction
Authors: Chan Cora
Published: June 2024

This chapter sets out the two core questions that this book seeks to explore: what devices courts should use to exercise deference, and how deference can be made more workable for judges and predictable for litigants. The chapter then defines judicial deference as a court granting leeway to the legislature or executive—leeway that it would not have granted if it had merely considered the balance of reasons bearing on the rights issue at hand—for reasons arising from the comparative institutional positions of the court and the political branches of government. The chapter further explains the scope, methodology, and significance of the book, situates the book within the relevant literature, and addresses possible objections to the book’s ambitions.
Reasons for Deference
Authors: Chan Cora
Published: June 2024

This chapter draws a distinction between grounds for deference (which are tied to the fulfilment of objective values) and factors for considering whether such grounds exist. It argues that in polities that satisfy certain background conditions (as do the jurisdictions on whose case law the book draws), the courts have three sets of grounds for exercising deference: grounds that relate to arriving at the correct outcome in the case at hand, to respect for constitutional legitimacy, and to other considerations that the court should take into account in adjudication. The chapter maps out the relationship between such grounds and the main factors for considering whether they exist.
Devices for Deference
Authors: Chan Cora
Published: June 2024

This chapter explains that the courts have at their disposal the following six devices for exercising deference: the burden of proof, standard of proof, standard of review, giving of weight to views, choice of interpretation (ie adopting an interpretation of a constitutional provision that affords the government a broader permissible scope of action), and choice of remedy. The chapter illustrates how the devices can be used at the various stages of rights adjudication—ie rights definition, limitation, and remedial stages—and does so by drawing on case law from Canada, Hong Kong, Ireland, Israel, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom.
Choice of Device I: Type of Reasons
Authors: Chan Cora
Published: June 2024

The chapter explores how courts should choose a device to fulfil a certain reason for deference. It dissects the nature of each device and highlights situations where the use of a particular device is needed to express a particular reason for deference. For example, the standard of review cannot be used to express the imperative to minimize the social costs of an erroneous ruling, which should instead be expressed using the burden and standard of proof. Where the facts that give rise to reasons for deference discriminate between deference on various issues, the court should determine which issue to defer on according to which set of facts exists. For example, if the public authority has superior expertise on the third, but not the second, limb of the proportionality test, the court should defer on the former not the latter to give effect to the expertise reason for deference.
Choice of Device III: Practicability
Authors: Chan Cora
Published: June 2024

Chapter 6 explores how the methods of determining when, how, and how much to defer can be made more workable and predictable without undue compromise of those methods’ ability to reflect the normative reasons for deference in a particular case. Noting that there is an inevitable trade-off between making methods of deference more practicable and making them more flexible to account for variations in the degree and means of deference across contexts, the chapter expounds the factors that determine where the balance between these two considerations should lie and introduces four sets of techniques for striking that balance: (1) using rules, presumptions, and factorial analysis; (2) mapping certain normative considerations onto specific deference devices; (3) developing clear and reliable indicators of deference; and (4) developing finite scales for various devices and levels of scrutiny that combine various devices.
Thinking like a pathologist: Morphologic approach to hepatobiliary tumors by ChatGPT
Authors: Laohawetwanit Thiyaphat , Apornvirat Sompon , Namboonlue Chutimon
Published: June 2024

Objectives

This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ChatGPT in accurately diagnosing hepatobiliary tumors using histopathologic images.

Methods

The study compared the diagnostic accuracies of the GPT-4 model, providing the same set of images and 2 different input prompts. The first prompt, the morphologic approach, was designed to mimic pathologists’ approach to analyzing tissue morphology. In contrast, the second prompt functioned without incorporating this morphologic analysis feature. Diagnostic accuracy and consistency were analyzed.

Results

A total of 120 photomicrographs, composed of 60 images of each hepatobiliary tumor and nonneoplastic liver tissue, were used. The findings revealed that the morphologic approach significantly enhanced the diagnostic accuracy and consistency of the artificial intelligence (AI). This version was particularly more accurate in identifying hepatocellular carcinoma (mean accuracy: 62.0% vs 27.3%), bile duct adenoma (10.7% vs 3.3%), and cholangiocarcinoma (68.7% vs 16.0%), as well as in distinguishing nonneoplastic liver tissues (77.3% vs 37.5%) (Ps ≤ .01). It also demonstrated higher diagnostic consistency than the other model without a morphologic analysis (κ: 0.46 vs 0.27).

Conclusions

This research emphasizes the importance of incorporating pathologists’ diagnostic approaches into AI to enhance accuracy and consistency in medical diagnostics. It mainly showcases the AI’s histopathologic promise when replicating expert diagnostic processes.
The seed morphospace, a new contribution towards the multidimensional study of angiosperm sexual reproductive biology
Authors: Carta Angelino , Vandelook Filip , Ramírez-Barahona Santiago , Chen Si-Chong , Dickie John , Steinbrecher Tina , Thanos Costas A , Moles Angela T , Leubner-Metzger Gerhard , Mattana Efisio
Published: June 2024

Background

The evolutionary success of flowering plants is associated with the vast diversity of their reproductive structures. Despite recent progress in understanding angiosperm-wide trends in floral structure and evolution, a synthetic view of the diversity in seed form and function across angiosperms is lacking.

Scope

Here we present a roadmap to synthesize the diversity of seed forms in extant angiosperms, relying on the morphospace concept, i.e. a mathematical representation which relates multiple traits and describes the realized morphologies. We provide recommendations on how to broaden the range of measurable traits beyond mass, by using key morphological traits representative of the embryo, endosperm and seed coat but also fruit attributes (e.g. dehiscence, fleshiness). These key traits were used to construct and analyse a morphospace to detect evolutionary trends and gain insight into how morphological traits relate to seed functions. Finally, we outline challenges and future research directions, combining the morphospace with macroevolutionary comparative methods to underline the drivers that gave rise to the diversity of observed seed forms.

Conclusions

We conclude that this multidimensional approach has the potential, although still untapped, to improve our understanding of covariation among reproductive traits, and further elucidate angiosperm reproductive biology as a whole.
The Invisible Sainthood of Mariana de Jesús Paredes y Flores
Authors: Friedman Hannah Joy
Published: June 2024

What did it mean for portrait images to generate recognition of early modern individuals as saints? Did images make sainthood visible through a person’s particularities or their conformity to perfect models? To be recognisable as an historical individual was not necessarily compatible with being recognised as a saint, either officially by Rome, or experientially by devotees. Early images of Quito’s most prominent candidate for sainthood, Mariana de Jesús Paredes y Flores (1618–1645), throw into sharp relief the pressure that posthumous candidacy for sainthood brought to bear on portrait images, especially of women. Mariana’s imagery reconfigures the relationship among visibility, individuality and recognition that posed a common problem for aspiring saints’ portraits. Far from being transparent post-Tridentine propaganda, Mariana’s early iconography works against the grain of the portrait genre, creatively addressing the tensions between individual likeness and conformity to perfect models, and between concealing sainthood and making it visible.
Enhancing power generation via an adaptive neuro-fuzzy and backstepping maximum-power-point tracking approach for photovoltaic single-ended primary inductor converter system
Authors: Chnini Khalil , Jouini Houda , Allagui Hatem , Mami Abdelkader
Published: June 2024

The distinct characteristics of photovoltaic generators related to power and current present a complex problem in terms of optimizing their power output. To tackle this, maximum-power-point tracking techniques such as the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system are frequently utilized for their swift adaptability and reduced fluctuations. In addition, the backstepping controller is often selected to handle both linear and non-linear systems due to its exceptional reliability. The purpose of this research is to propose an innovative method that merges the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system and backstepping controller to refine the tracking of the optimal power point and to bolster the stability of the photovoltaic system in the face of unpredictable scenarios, such as those presented by the Ropp irradiance examination, which utilizes a single-ended primary inductor converter as a stage for power electronics adaptation. Simulations conducted using MATLAB®/Simulink® demonstrate that the combination of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system and backstepping controller achieves an impressive efficiency of 99.6% and exhibits fast, robust, and accurate responses compared with other algorithms such as artificial neural networks combined with the backstepping controller and conventional perturb and observe algorithm.