bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Costa Rica: la fabricación de Juan Rafael Mora (Siglos XIX-XXI)
Authors: Acuña Ortega Víctor Hugo
Published: February 2018

Este ensayo se ocupa de las sucesivas elaboraciones de Juan Rafael Mora Porras(presidente de Costa Rica de 1849 a 1859) como héroe nacional, desde 1856 hastael presente. Se rastrea el proceso de fabricación de los atributos del personaje ylos principales usos políticos de que ha sido objeto en diferentes contextos decelebración nacional.
Usos políticos de las batallas de Santa Rosa de 1856 y 1955: o, cómo fallar al inventar tradiciones
Authors: Cabrera Geserick Marco
Published: February 2018

El uso del pasado ha sido un arma política tradicionalmente utilizada para la formación o reformación de una identidad nacional específica. Basadas en la necesidad política de crear narrativas nacionales que beneficien o sostengan el régimen político dominante, las elites políticas desarrollan tradiciones inventadas para redefinir la memoria colectiva de ciertos eventos históricos con el fin de manipular o aprovechar su mensaje y los valores intrínsecos asociados a estos.En Costa Rica, la guerra filibustera es aceptada como la narrativa nacional por excelencia, esto incluye la Batalla de Santa Rosa de 1856. En 1956, una segunda batalla en Santa Rosa, la de 1955, fue usada por el partido gobernante para apoyar una nueva narrativa nacional que promoviera un nuevo proyecto de nación. El intento, sin embargo, fracasó. Este artículo analiza los conceptos de memoria colectiva y tradiciones inventadas para explicar las circunstancias de este fracaso.
David Díaz Arias. 2015. Crisis social y memorias en lucha: guerra civil en Costa Rica, 1940-1948. San José, Costa Rica: Editorial Universidad de Costa Rica
Authors: Muñoz Guillén Mercedes
Published: February 2018

Reseña de libro
Charting a Course for Leader and Leadership Education and Development in American Medical Schools
Authors: Grunberg Neil E. , Barry Erin S. , Kleber Hannah G. , McManigle John E. , Schoomaker Eric B.
Published: February 2018

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Problem: Leadership has been identified as an essential component for success in medicine. Many medical schools have initiated Leader and Leadership Education and Development (LEAD) programs to develop physician leaders. Currently, there is no consensus whether teaching leadership is important, who to teach, what topics to teach, and where leadership fits into the curriculum during medical school. Approach: To address these issues, the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU) LEAD team convened an inaugural Medical Student LEAD Summit and Working Group Meeting on April 4, 2017. Participants came from public and private U.S. medical schools engaged in LEAD programs, military service academies, the Veterans Administration, and the Association of American Medical Colleges. The purpose of this meeting was to share opinions, experiences, and current practices regarding medical student LEAD. Outcomes: Participants overwhelmingly agreed that: (1) providing LEAD is an essential component of undergraduate medical education; (2) there currently is no single best LEAD program for all medical schools; (3) a clear purpose, goal, philosophy, and conceptual framework consistent with the mission and vision of each institution is needed; (4) assessment of students, programs, faculty must be incorporated; and (5) research and scholarship are essential for LEAD programs. Next Steps: Based on the positive feedback and interest from participants, the USU LEAD team will host a second Summit in April 2018 to follow up with the inaugural participants and to include representatives from additional institutions who are currently conducting or interested in starting their own medical school LEAD programs.
Monitoring soil cracking and plant parameters for a mixed grass species
Authors: Bordoloi S. , Hussain R. , Gadi V. K. , Bora H. , Sahoo L. , Karangat R. , Garg A. , Sreedeep S.
Published: February 2018

Limited studies have investigated the effect of vegetation growth and evapotranspiration (Etr) on desiccation parameter – crack intensity factor (CIF) considering a single species. Moreover, the role of inherent shoot parameters [stomatal conductance (SC) and photosynthetic yield (Y-II)] is generally ignored, leaving gaps in the authors’ understanding of its effects on CIF. This letter monitors and quantifies the effects of plant parameters [SC, Y-II, Etr and vegetation density (VD)] on soil suction and consequent CIF for a native mixed grass species. The vegetation undergoes eight drying cycles in compacted soil under natural environmental conditions and controlled irrigation scheduling. It is seen that the grass species helped reducing the maximum CIF of bare soil by 20%. A VD growth of 40% restricts further increase in CIF. The measured Etr of the vegetation is found to be very low in the study and potentially not induce additional transpiration-induced suction that can generate excessive cracks in crop species. Furthermore, the measured SC in the current vegetation species with respect to reported SC of crop species provides evidence that SC regulates a species’ ability to transpire and induce suction. The Y-II values did not give a conclusive idea of its role in soil crack propagation.
Investigation of non-linear drying shrinkage for end-restrained shotcrete of varying thickness
Authors: Sjölander Andreas , Ansell Anders
Published: February 2018

Tunnels in hard, jointed rock are commonly reinforced with shotcrete (sprayed concrete) applied directly on the irregular rock surface. The thickness for such linings can be as small as 50 mm, which result in a fast drying. The resulting shrinkage of the restrained lining is a well-known phenomenon, which leads to cracking. The installation of drainage systems also results in an end-restrained shotcrete lining that is more prone to shrinkage cracking. The drying process is a complex problem that depends on multiple factors such as cement content, porosity and ambient air conditions (i.e. temperature, relative humidity and wind speed). Two numerical models capable of capturing the structural effects of drying shrinkage were compared in this study. It was found that inclusion of non-linear drying shrinkage is important for accurately describing crack initiation in an end-restrained shotcrete slab. The best fit to the experimental data was obtained when the rate of drying was described as a non-linear decreasing function.
Seven Fallacies Concerning Milton Friedman's "The Role of Monetary Policy"
Authors: Nelson Edward
Published: February 2018

This paper analyzes Milton Friedman's (1968) article "The Role of Monetary Policy," via a discussion of seven fallacies concerning the article. These fallacies are: (1) "The Role of Monetary Policy" was Friedman’s first public statement of the natural rate hypothesis. (2) The Friedman-Phelps Phillips curve was already presented in Samuelson and Solow's (1960) analysis. (3) Friedman's specification of the Phillips curve was based on perfect competition and no nominal rigidities. (4) Friedman’s (1968) account of monetary policy in the Great Depression contradicted the Monetary History's version. (5) Friedman (1968) stated that a monetary expansion will keep the unemployment rate and the real interest rate below their natural rates for two decades. (6) The zero lower bound on nominal interest rates invalidates the natural rate hypothesis. (7) Friedman's (1968) treatment of an interest-rate peg was refuted by the rational expectations revolution. The discussion lays out the reasons why each of these seven items is a fallacy and infers key aspects of the framework underlying Friedman’s (1968) analysis.
Enabling the enabler: Using access to information to ensure the right to peaceful protest
Authors: Mukumba Tsangadzaome Alexander , Abdullah Imraan
Published: February 2018

The Regulation of Gatherings Act (RGA) places strict guidelines on how to exercise the right to protest, with particular emphasis on the submission of a notice of gathering to the responsible person within a municipality in terms of sections 2(4) and 3 of the Act. However, municipalities do not proactively make the notice of gathering templates available for public use (or may not have these at all), and often do not publicise the details of the designated responsible person. To test municipalities’ compliance with the RGA, the Legal Resources Centre (LRC) enlisted the help of the South African History Archive (SAHA) to submit a series of Promotion of Access to Information Act (PAIA) requests to every municipality in South Africa. PAIA requests were also submitted to the South African Police Service (SAPS) for records relating to public order policing. The initiative aimed to provide these templates and related documents to interested parties as an open source resource on the protestinfo.org.za website. The results of these efforts show that compliance with the RGA is uneven. This article explores the flaws in the regulatory environment that have led to this level of apathy within government, despite the crucial role of the right to protest and the right of access to information as enabling rights in our constitutional democracy. An analysis of the full PAIA request dataset shows the extent of government’s resistance to facilitating these enabling rights, and provides insights into remedial interventions. The article concludes with a series of recommendations, which centre on statutory reforms to the RGA and PAIA to ensure appropriate sanction for non-compliance by government, proactive disclosure of relevant information, and emergency provisions allowing curtailed procedural requirements. The intention of the proposed amendments is to minimise the possibility that these fundamental, enabling rights might be frustrated.
Application of Bosnia v Serbia to the Individualist Charge of Ineffectiveness: A Defense of State Responsibility
Authors: Lambrecht Felix
Published: February 2018

This paper aims to combat the individualist challenge to the notion of state responsibility in international law. That is, this paper attempts to counter the criticism of international law that suggests responsibility for wrongful acts should be attributed to individuals rather than states. While prior scholarship has focused on the individualist's fairness complaint, this paper focuses on the charge of ineffectiveness that would remove states as the primary duty-bearers in international law. By using the International Court of Justice case of Bosnia v Serbia (2007), this paper demonstrates that there are long-term important obligations in the international system that require states to remain primary duty-bearers in international law.
The Schizomorphism of the world of visions in Bruno Schulz’s prose
Authors: Karwowska Marzena
Published: February 2018

In the article, I undertake to interpret Bruno Schulz’s prose using the methodological proposals introduced in the humanities by Gilbert Durand, a French anthropologist of imagination. Based on the implemented research perspective, the aim of the hermeneutics of The Street of Crocodiles and Sanatorium Under the Sign of the Hourglass was to unveil and discuss the imagined figures which form the anthropological network of meanings. The purpose of the array of anthropological and myth-criticism research tools used for analysing and interpreting the literary works which constitute the core of Polish literature was to define the author as an imagination phenomenon that seems to fill a research gap visible in Polish Schulz studies.
Ritual as reflected by censorship. The Control Bureau as the custodian of the cultural image of the authorities in the early days of the People’s Republic of Poland
Authors: Woźniak-Łabieniec Marzena
Published: February 2018

The ritual as a series of actions specified by traditions or a given political system, defined in detail and repeatable, was also fulfilled in the communist system. There it was aimed at introducing and amalgamating the order imposed on Poland by the Soviets after WWII. It could only be achieved by strictly observing the rules of Socialist rites. And that did not only apply to, however important, the celebrations of holidays according to the communist calendar, but also to the master principles which the enforcers of the new order used towards society. The indicated research material, extracted from censorship archives, shows that regardless of the changing media policy in the first decade after WWII, from the very beginning there existed invariable rules which constituted a compass for specific choices: the ban on criticising or disturbing the good name of the authorities, starting with Generalissimo Stalin, through the leaders of the states subordinate to him, higher-ranking officials, police and the army, to udarniks. The Control Bureau for Press, Publications and Performances was one of the most active bodies in the field. In the privacy of their offices, without the publicity so common for the clamorous ceremonies and rallies, censors worked to maintain the Stalinist rituals.
Book cover inventory (in the latest literature)
Authors: Lachman Magdalena
Published: February 2018

The change in the context of the functioning of literature since 1989 and the transformations contemporary literary life has been subject to due to various reasons have resulted in the need to add a literary science reflection on the latest or not yet fully used up thematic areas. One of the notions worth raising, which increasingly seizes the attention of researchers as well as literary critics, is the issue of the book cover considered as a significant element of the work and its non-neutral identifier. The article defines what kind of a source of knowledge on the work and its author the book cover has become; how writers themselves define themselves through it; how they use it to characterize or present themselves or clarify the strategies they choose; how literature functions and copes while being subjected to the influence of mass culture and various marketing actions or the influence of celebrity-based and (self)promotionally focussed pop culture.
Improving productivity of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under drip and micro sprinkler fertigation system
Authors: Soni Jeetendra Kumar , Asoka Raja N. , Kumar Vimal
Published: February 2018

A field investigation was carried out in farmer’s field at Pudhupalayam, TNAU, Coimbatore, during 2015, to improve the productivity of groundnut variety TMV 13 under drip and micro sprinkler fertigation system. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications comprising of 11 treatments. Results indicated that maximum pod yield (3495 kg ha-1), haulm yield (6452 kg ha-1), harvest index (0.351) and shelling per cent (73.95 per cent) were obtained with drip irrigation at 100% PE with fertigation at 100% RDF as WSF (T1). The water saving achieved under drip irrigation was 40.08% and 55.06% at 100% and 75% PE, respectively, whereas, under micro-sprinkler, it was 25.10% and 43.83% at 100% and 75% PE, respectively over surface irrigation. Higher WUE of 19.28 kg/ha-mm recorded under drip irrigation at 75% PE with fertigation at 100% RDF as WSF (T2) followed by drip irrigation at 100% PE with fertigation at 100% RDF as WSF (T1: 15.88 kg/ha-mm). Highest NUE (23.30 kg kg-1 NPK ha-1) was recorded in drip irrigation at 100% PE with fertigation at 100% RDF as WSF (T1). Drip irrigation at 100% PE with fertigation at 100% RDF as WSF (T1) recorded higher gross return (Rs. 254353 ha-1) and net return (Rs.134712 ha-1). Whereas, the benefit cost ratio was highest in micro sprinkler at 100% PE with fertigation at 100% RDF as WSF (T6: 2.41). The margin benefit cost ratio (MBCR) was recorded highest under micro sprinkler at 100% PE with fertigation at 100% RDF as WSF (T6: 2.53) as compared to all other treatments.
Identification of stable lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) genotypes through GGE biplotand AMMI analysis for North Hill Zone of India
Authors: Jeberson Muniyandi Samuel , Shashidhar Kadanamari Sankarappa , Wani Shabir Hussain , Singh Amit Kumar , Dar Sher Ahmad
Published: February 2018

In the present investigation with 24 lentil genotypes, first two Principal components revealed more than 90 per cent of the variability for the yield which indicates that G and GE together accounted for more than 10 per cent of total variability. Based on the present analysis of using GGE biplot models, considering simultaneous mean yield and stability, the genotypes G4, G12, G6, G13 and G2 were relatively stable in all the environments.The environment E1(Berthin) was discriminative (informative). This environment contributed most to the variability in grain yield. Hence, GGE biplot method is suitable to discriminate the genotypes based on their stable and instability nature across the environments.The AMMI analysis revealed that G13, G14, G12, G2, G23, G16 and G9 had wide adaptation and not be affected by the Genotype x environment interaction (GxE); hence mayyieldedgood across the environments. E2 and E3 could be considered as good selection sites for identifying broad based and most adaptable lentil genotypes. This study has clearly and by far aided in identification of stable and superior genotypes in graphical representation.
AL-QUR’AN ITU MENJAGA DIRI: PERANAN REGULASI DIRI PENGHAFAL AL-QUR’AN
Authors: Lukmawati Lukmawati , Tanjung Faisal , Supriyanto Jhon
Published: February 2018

This research discussed about self regulation of Al-Qur'an reminder students at Rumah Qur'an Daarut Tarbiyah Palembang. This research used qualitative research with fenomenology design. The research result showed that after passing all the steps in self regulation to finish 30 chapters of Al-Qur'an so the eight research subjects got one same meaning of Al-Qur’an, that is Al-Qur'an is a way to protect their selves for instance: to protect their image/honor, to protect their purity by doing wudhu,to protect their eyes to see only  a good thing, to protect their behaviour, to protect their selves in order to not includedin a group of unreliable people who did not do what they said,to protect their akhlak and attitude, to protect their way to wear an appropriate clothes based on syar’i, and the last isto protect their behaviour in communicating with other people especially to the older people.
Tanburi Ali Efendi'nin Sûz'i-Dil ve Sipihr Makamlarındaki Klasik Takımlarının Çok Boyutlu İçerik Analizi
Authors: Özakalın Mehmet Uğur , Avcı Akbel Burcu
Published: February 2018

Bu çalışmada Tanbûri Ali Efendi’nin Klasik Türk Müziği açısından oldukça önemli olan Sûzidil

ve Sipihr Makamlarında bestelediği klasik takımlarındaki eserleri üzerinde içerik analizi yöntemi

kullanılarak bazı verilere ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. “Müziksel ve sözel yapı” başlıkları altında eserlerin usulleri, çalgısal ve sözel bölümleri, kullanılan ikili aralıklar, vezinler, toplam sözcük sayısı,

sözcük kategorisi ve sözcüklerin kullanım sıklığı belirlenmiştir. Tanbûri Ali Efendi’nin besteleri

üzerinde çeşitli teknik karşılaştırmalar yapılmasının yanı sıra onun Sûz’i-dil ve Sipihr makamlarını kullanımı ve bu makamlara uygun gördüğü güftelerdeki sözcüklerin dağılımına bakılarak her

iki makam için beste ve güfte kullanımı arasında farklılık olup olmadığı ortaya çıkarılmıştır. 
Resection of a Giant-Cell Tumor of the Proximal Aspect of the Radius with Osteoarticular Allograft Reconstruction
Authors: Nayar Suresh K. , Dein Eric J. , Spiker Andrea M. , Bernard Johnathan A. , Zikria Bashir A. , Weber Kristy L.
Published: February 2018

Case:

Giant-cell tumors are locally aggressive osteolytic benign tumors that are characterized by multinucleated giant cells. Recurrence rates are ≤30% after curettage and <5% after resection, but reconstruction can be difficult. We describe an osteoarticular allograft reconstruction of the proximal aspect of the radius in a 23-year-old man after resection of a giant-cell tumor.

Conclusion:

Five months after surgery, the patient had satisfactory joint articulation, range of motion, and strength, with no signs of hardware or graft failure. By 17 months, there was complete osseous union. The joint remained stable at 54 months. We describe our surgical approach, which restores joint stability and minimizes recurrence.
Evaluasi Toleran Kekeringan dan Analisis Kestabilan Padi Transgenik Penanda Aktivasi cv. Nipponbare
Authors: Ma'sumah Ma'sumah , Santoso Tri Joko , Trijatmiko Kurniawan R.
Published: February 2018

Cekaman kekeringan adalah salah satu faktor pembatas penting pada peningkatan produksi padi di Indonesia. Salah satunya cara pemecahannya adalah identifikasi gen-gen yang dapat digunakan untuk memperbaiki varietas padi toleran terhadap cekaman kekeringan. Sejumlah galur padi transgenic kultivar  Nipponbare yang membawa vector penanda aktivasi telah dihasilkan dari penelitian sebelumnya. Untuk mengetahui apakah vector penanda aktivasi yang telah terintegrasi menghasilkan fenotipik peningkatan fungsi gen dalam responnya terhadap kekeringan, galur-galur tersebut perlu untuk dianalisis secara genotipk dan fenotipik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keragaman fenotipik akar galur-galur transgenik generasi T1 yang toleran terhadap cekaman kekeringan dan mendapatkan galur-galur yang stabil membawa penanda aktivasi. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah 47 individu galur transgenik, dua galur cek toleran (IRAT112 dan Cabacu), galur cek peka (IR64) dan tipe liar (Nipponbare). Sebelum evaluasi fenotip akar dan deteksi gen hptII dan bar, galur-galur padi transgenik dikonfirmasi dengan skrining pada larutan herbisida basta pada tahap perkecambahan. Kemampuan menembus akar dari galur-galur padi transgenik dievaluasi pada pot plastik yang dilapisi dengan paraffin-vaselin. Stabilitas galur-galur transgenik mutan dideteksi dengan amplifikasi gen hptII dan bar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar galur-galur Nipponbare transgenik yang diuji mampu berkecambah pada larutan herbisida basta. Ini menunjukkan bahwa galur-galur tersebut adalah memang tanaman transgenik mengandung gen bar. Pengujian fenotipik daya tembus akar mengindikasikan bahwa dua galur padi transgenik mempunyai karakteristik akar yang dapat dikategorikan sebagai galur toleran kekeringan, yaitu M-Nip-50.1 dan M-Nip-51.13. Uji stabilitas gen bar menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 4 galur-galur mutan transgenik stabil yang terdeteksi dengan analisis molekuler rmenggunakan primer spesifik gen hptII dan bar galur tersebut adalah M-Nip.12.12, M-Nip 19.18, M-Nip.19.9 and M-Nip 20.13.
Multiplikasi Tunas dan Konservasi In-Vitro Tanaman Belitung (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott) dengan Metode Pertumbuhan Minimal
Authors: Sabda Muhamad , Dewi Nurwita
Published: February 2018

In Vitro Shoot Multiplication and Conservation of Belitung (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott) using Minimal Growth Conservation Method. Muhammad Sabda and Nurwita Dewi. Belitung is one of potential food crops which has a lot of benefit. Belitung germplasm collection was conserved in the field which is vurnerable to biotic and abiotic stress.  The purpose of this research was to study the effect of  BAP on in-vitro shoot multiplication of belitung, and to study influences of osmoticum (mannitol) and retardan (paclobutrazol) to the growth of belitung culture. Experimental design used in this research was randomized completely design  with three  replications.  Shoot from sucker were used as explant. In study of shoot multiplication, the treatment medium was MS +  BAP (0, 1, 2, 3 mg/l). In study of conservation, the treatment medium was MS + 30 g/l sucrose, ½ MS + 30 g/l sucrose, MS + 15 g/l sucrose, MS + Mannitol (20,  40 and 60 g/l) and MS + Paclobutrazol (1, 2 and 3 mg/ l). The result showed that the addition of Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) into MS medium increased number of shoot of belitung.  The best medium for micropropagation of belitung germplasm was MS + BAP 3 mg/l. The highest number of shoot (7.6 shoots) was produced by MS +  BAP 3 mg/l medium.  MS + mannitol (20 and 40 g/l) and MS + paclobutrazol (1, 2, and 3 mg/l) medium could reduce the  plant growth. MS + Paclobutrazol 2 mg/l was the best medium for belitung conservation. This media could reduce plant growth during eight months conservation period and prolong subculture interval.
Aplikasi Teknik Embriogenesis Somatik dan Krioterapi untuk Eliminasi Virus SCSMV pada Tanaman Tebu
Authors: Roostika Ika , Hartono Sedyo , Sukmadjaja Deden
Published: February 2018

Penggunaan benih bebas virus menjadi salah satu cara pengendalian penyakit virus yang efektif. Beberapa macam teknik kultur jaringan dilaporkan mampu mengeliminasi virus dalam jaringan tanaman. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat efikasi teknik embriogenesis somatik dan krioterapi dalam mengeliminasi virus SCSMV pada tanaman tebu. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan adalah tiga varietas tebu (PS862 asal Cirebon, PS881 asal Jember, dan PSJK922 asal Malang) yang terinfeksi virus SCSMV. Induksi kalus dilakukan dengan menggunakan media MS yang ditambah dengan 2,4-D 3 mg/l dan kasein hidrolisat 3 g/l. Terdapat tiga macam perlakuan subkultur (SK0, SK1, dan SK2). Regenerasi embrio somatik dilakukan pada media MS dengan penambahan BA 0,3 mg/l, IBA 0,5 mg/l, dan PVP 100 mg/l. Teknik krioterapi yang diterapkan adalah vitrifikasi dengan tahapan prakultur menggunakan sukrosa 0,3 M selama 3 hari, loading dengan larutan LS selama 10 menit, dehidrasi dengan larutan PVS2 selama 40 menit, pembekuan jaringan dalam nitrogen cair selama 1 jam, deloading dengan larutan RS selama 30 menit, pemulihan dan regenerasi. Indeksing virus dilakukan secara RT-PCR menggunakan primer spesifik SCSMV. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga varietas mampu membentuk kalus embriogenik dan embrio somatik, baik tanpa atau dengan melalui proses subkultur. Di antara tiga varietas yang diuji, hanya PS862 asalCirebon yang mampu bertahan hidup pasca-perlakuan krioterapi. Teknik embriogenesis somatik gagal mengeliminasi virus SCSMV walaupun telah dilakukan subkultur hingga dua kali. Teknik krioterapi memiliki tingkat efikasi sebesar 33,3% dalam mengeliminasi virus SCSMV. 
Gene Duplication to Reveal Adaptation Clue of Plant to Environmental Stress: A Case Study of NBS-LRR Genes in Soybean
Authors: Lestari Puji , Lee Suk-Ha , Tasma I Made , Asadi Asadi
Published: February 2018

Gene duplication to reveal adaptation clue of plant to environmental stress: A case study of NBS-LRR genes in soybean. Puji Lestari, Suk-Ha Lee, I Made Tasma, and Asadi. Adaptive strategies of plant to stress are fine-tuned by adjusting several activities including molecular mechanism which involve duplicated genes responsive to environmental changes. Genes responsive to the environmental stresses which are retained after small scale duplication are part of plant genome duplication. However, less information of duplicated genes could be adaptive to environmental changes in plant. This review presents an overview of duplication events in plant genomes which impact to gene duplication in relation to environmental changes, gene duplication as an adaptation mechanism, a case of duplicated nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) genes in soybean, and the gene duplication implementation for plant breeding in Indonesia. Notably, genome duplication events generate gene duplication and contribute to adaptive evolution against environmental changes. Generalization of plants to adapt the stressful conditions also probably improves our understanding of gene duplication as a mechanism of adaptation. Several recently duplicated NBS-LRR genes in soybean retain disease resistance QTL and the differential expression convince their contribution to biotic stress resistance in soybean. Proposed models of NBS-LRR genes duplication process may help to understand these genes response to the environmental changes. The duplication of genes resistant to pest/disease particularly NBS-LRR provides important information to select breeding parents and develop molecular markers related to desease resistance to genetically improve soybean in Indonesia. Overall, it may therefore be possible to enhance breeding which targets on genes tolerance/resistance to abiotic/biotic stress, and provide a molecular basis for crop-stress protection strategy and more improved soybean varieties specified for harsh environment.
Atractor pullback y ecuación de ondas
Authors: Carrillo Zapata Blas Francisco
Published: February 2018

Desde finales del siglo XX la teoría de atractores es una herramienta de gran utilidad para el estudio del comportamiento asintótico de las ecuaciones diferenciales. Esto se debe a que las trayectorias convergen a ellos y sus propiedades explican el comportamiento a largo plazo de las mismas. En este artículo de revisión vamos a describir las ideas básicas del concepto atractorpullback, así como algunas de sus principales propiedades. Nos centraremos en los sistemas dinámicos no autónomos. Matemáticamente no profundizaremos demasiado. Todo proceso en el que hay movimiento y variación, puede ser considerado como un sistema dinámico. Es decir, que todo fenómeno que evoluciona en el tiempo es un sistema dinámico. En general, un sistema dinámico está dado por una transformación en un espacio de sucesos, llamado espacio de fases. El principal objetivo de los sistemas dinámicos es describir el comportamiento de las órbitas o trayectorias transcurrido mucho tiempo y de lo que se trata obtener las propiedades de la mayoría de estas trayectorias. Conocidas esas propiedades estaremos en condiciones de decir algo sobre el comportamiento asintótico de todo el sistema o de su evolución global para tiempos prolongados.
Modelos estadísticos para el tratamiento de la jerarquía y de la simultaneidad
Authors: Hernández Sanjaime Rocío
Published: February 2018

Las limitaciones de los modelos estadísticos clásicos para reproducir de forma realista la complejidad de problemas en los que los datos están estructurados jerárquicamente o existe endogeneidad causada por la simultaneidad entre variables hace necesario el uso nuevas herramientas metodológicas. Como medio para solucionar estas dificultades, se dispone en la actualidad de los modelos multinivel y de los modelos de ecuaciones simultáneas, que permiten el tratamiento estadístico de la jerarquía y de la simultaneidad, respectivamente. Sin embargo, modelizar problemas en los que aparecen datos estructurados jerárquicamente y simultaneidad entre variables al mismo tiempo es todavía una asignatura pendiente. Este trabajo pretende proporcionar una visión general de estos modelos estadísticos y mostrar la aportación y  ventajas que supone su uso, así como un resumen de los principales métodos de comparación y selección del mejor modelo en estos casos. Por último, se incluye una síntesis de futuras líneas de investigación surgidas en este campo.
Líneas de mejora para combatir el 2,4,6 – tricloroanisol en los vinos
Authors: Jover Sánchez María
Published: February 2018

Los tapones de corcho por sus múltiples cualidades están considerados como el mejor material para el cerramiento de botellas de vino. El inconveniente, es la posibilidad de que el zuro pueda transferir 2,4,6 tricloroanisol (TCA) al vino. El TCA le aporta un olor nada deseable a corcho al vino. Para solventar este problema están en marcha diversas líneas de investigación, la primera versa sobre la esterilización del corcho con un tratamiento a base de dióxido de azufre; la segunda por irradiación con rayos gamma para eliminar el TCA de los tapones de corcho, y para finalizar se abordará la cromatografía de gases con la cual detectan  y descartan aquellos tapones de corcho que contengan TCA, dentro de una cadena de producción.
Adaptación de los contenidos de la educación física a las actividades acuáticas en el ámbito escolar
Authors:   Colegio Concertado Samaniego, De Paula Borges Luciane
Published: February 2018

Antecedentes: El medio acuático puede ser un espacio de acción en el que se puede desarrollar la labor educativa y en el que proyectar buena parte de los objetivos propuestos para cada nivel educativo. El currículo actual en el contexto español (LOMCE, 2014) es abierto y flexible, pero se observan pocas adopciones de este al medio acuático. Objetivos: El objetivo del estudio ha consistido en desarrollar una propuesta de contenidos para las actividades acuáticas adaptadas al currículo de la educación física (LOMCE, 2014) para Educación Primaria en el contexto español. Método: Según la LOMCE (2014) se ha adaptado al contexto de las actividades acuáticas en currículo de educación física en Educación Primaria. Resultados: Se han estructurado los contenidos divididos en los tres saberes en los diferentes bloques de contenidos. Conclusiones: La información ofrecida en este estudio puede ser de interés para los profesionales del área de las actividades acuáticas y de la educación que quieran llevar a cabo el desarrollo de las actividades acuáticas a nivel curricular en Educación Primaria.
Funciones ejecutivas y alta capacidad intelectual en niños en edad escolar: ¿se superponen por completo?
Authors: Montoya-Arenas David Andrés , Aguirre-Acevedo Daniel Camilo , Díaz Soto Cecilia María , Pineda Salazar David Antonio
Published: February 2018

Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre las dimensiones de la función ejecutiva y capacidad intelectual en niños escolarizados con alto rendimiento académico. Método: investigación de tipo analítica, observacional, prospectiva, con muestra no aleatoria de 104 niños entre los 7 y 11 años de edad pertenecientes a instituciones educativas de Medellín-Colombia, dividida en tres grupos de acuerdo con la medida de Capacidad Intelectual Total (CIT). 1. Aquellos con CIT promedio entre 85-115. 2. Niños con CI superior; puntuaciones entre 116-129 y 3. Niños con un CIT ≥ 130; talentos excepcionales. Se les suministro pruebas de función ejecutiva con cumplimiento de condiciones bioéticas. Resultados y conclusiones: La Capacidad Intelectual no es concepto análogo ni sinónimo de función ejecutiva. Este estudio demostró que el elemento común entre todos los participantes es un alto rendimiento académico y una ausencia de alteración de la función ejecutiva. Finalmente, un adecuado funcionamiento ejecutivo posibilita un alto rendimiento académico.
Justice and Immigration: The Effect of Moral Exclusion
Authors: Passini Stefano , Villano Paola
Published: February 2018

Numerous media news items suggest on a daily basis that people tend to use harsher criteria when they judge immigrants than members of their own in-group. In the present research project, we were interested in studying individual justice judgments of a violation of a law by an Italian (in-group) or an immigrant (out-group) member and the influence of moral exclusion processes on the assessment. In particular, we examined whether those people who tend to exclude out-groups from their scope of justice will give such biased judgments and will adopt double standards, while inclusive people will not. A total of 255 people evaluated the seriousness of a crime in two different law-breaking scenarios in which the offender’s and the victim’s nationalities were systematically changed (either Italian or Romanian). Moreover, participants completed a scale measuring the moral inclusion/exclusion of other social groups. As hypothesized, participants who tended to exclude some groups from their moral community judged the Romanian more harshly than the Italian culprit. On the contrary, those people that tended to have a more inclusive moral community did not show any difference in evaluation. In conclusion, the present research highlights the importance of considering the effect of moral inclusion/exclusion processes on the evaluation of justice events, especially in an intergroup context.
THE APPLICATION OF PROFESSIONAL SKEPTICISM IN FRAUD DETECTION (A Case Study at BPKP Representative of Central Java Province)
Authors: Aprilyanti Butar Butar Sarina Gabryela
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this research is to describe the application of professional skepticism on government internal auditors of the Financial and Development Supervisory Board (BPKP) Representative of Central Java Province in detecting fraud. The application of professional skepticism will be understood based on the characters of attitude, as stated by Hurtt (2010), consisting of questioning mind, suspension on judgment, search for knowledge, interpersonal understanding, self-confidence, and selfdetermination.This research is conducted using qualitative approach and refers to theoretical proposition. The data was collected by interviewing forensic auditors at each of functional position. The interviewees were determined by using purposive sampling method. They were forensic auditors who had ever been sued for audit report. The result shows that the forensic auditors of BPKP Representative of Central Java have already had proper comprehension about professional skepticism in fraud detection. The forensic auditors of BPKP Representative of Central Java have also applied professional skepticism in detecting fraud.
EARLY DETECTION IN BOOSTING WHISTLEBLOWING INTEREST (Case Study at Pratama Tax Office of South Sidoarjo)
Authors: Nova Dessy Dwi Fitra , Tarjo Tarjo , Carolina Anita
Published: February 2018

ABTRACTThe main purpose of this study is to empirically examine and analyze the effect of early detection principles, comprising anonymous reporting, followed up reporting and reward system, on the encouragement of an individual interest in reporting fraud. The research was conducted at the Pratama Tax Office of South Sidoarjo. The samples used in this research were 53 respondents. Sample collection was done using saturation sampling technique. The results of this research show that followed up reporting has an effect on the encouragement of an individual interest in reporting fraud. In contrast, anonymous reporting and reward system have no effect on the encouragement of an individual interest in reporting fraud.
Experimental study of the vortex-induced vibration of marine risers under middle flow
Authors: Mao Liangjie , Cai Mingjie , Yang Yulong , Wang Guorong
Published: February 2018

A considerable number of studies for vortex induced vibration (VIV) under uniform flow have been performed. However, investigation of VIV under middle flow is scarce. An experiment for VIV under middle flow was conducted in a deep-water offshore basin. Various measurements were obtained by the fiber Bragg grating strain sensors placed on the riser, and VIV under the effect of middle flow with was investigated. Results show that the riser vibrates at different order natural frequencies along the water depth in the CF and IL directions appearing as the multi-frequencies under middle flow. The variation vortex shedding frequencies along the riser under middle flow may generate different wake modes and vibration modals as the corresponding vortex shedding frequencies approach the riser natural frequencies. The dominant vibration frequency of the entire riser is consistent, and determined by high order natural frequency and the corresponding closing vortex shedding frequencies under the middle flow. Meanwhile, the vibration modal under middle flow appears multi-modals and other lower modal have effect on riser vibration. The VIV mechanism under middle flow possesses some aspects similar to those of uniform flow and several unique features.
Railway axle box bearing fault identification using LCD-MPE and ELM-AdaBoost
Authors: Yao Dechen , Yang Jianwei , Pang Zhifen , Nie Chunmeng , Wen Fang
Published: February 2018

. In this study, a new method for bearing fault diagnosis using local characteristic-scale decomposition multi-scale permutation entropy (LCD-MPE) and extreme learning machine AdaBoost (ELM-AdaBoost) algorithms is proposed. Vibration signals of railway axle box rolling bearings under 4 conditions (normal, outer race fault, inner race fault, and rolling element fault) were used as our research objects. The signals were de-noised using wavelet de-noising (WD) as a pre-filter, then the LCD was used to decompose the signal into a number of intrinsic scale components (ISCs). Then, the multi-scale permutation entropy (MPE) was extracted as the feature parameters. Finally, the extracted features were used as ELM-AdaBoost to achieve the automated fault diagnosis. Our results prove that our method is effective for an accurate diagnosis of railway axle box bearing faults. Furthermore, our fault diagnosis method is highly applicable in practical engineering.
Nonlinear dynamic response analysis of two-stage spur gear space driving mechanism with large inertia load
Authors: Ma Jianfeng , Li Chao , Luo Yingchao , Cui Lingli
Published: February 2018

Large inertia load has been widely used in space driving mechanisms, but the research concerning theory is still an unexplored scientific field. Towards the problem of nonlinear disturbance in space driving mechanism with large inertia load, a 14-DOF (Degree of Freedom) nonlinear, time-varying, dynamic model of two-stage spur gear system was established, taking into consideration time-varying stiffness, backlash and transmission error. The dynamic response of the load, under large or small inertia was investigated, basing on the dynamic model. The results indicate that at starting, normal operation and braking, large inertia load system has obvious hysteresis, compared to small inertia. The factors that improve dynamic response speed under large inertia load were studied. The results indicate that improving the stiffness and damping of the output shaft and changing the material of second gear pair to titanium alloy are helpful in improving the dynamic response speed of the system. Some results enrich the research of two-stage spur gear nonlinear model and large inertia load, since they provide important reference for the actual design of the gear system.
A new weak fault diagnosis method based on multi-scale wavelet noise tuning cascaded multi-stable stochastic resonance
Authors: Han Dongying , An Shujun , Shi Peiming , Zhang Ying
Published: February 2018

For detecting the weak fault diagnosis submerged in heavy noise, a new method called multi-scale cascaded multi-stable stochastic resonance (MCMSR) is studied. The method can effectively extract weak fault diagnosis from noise background using multi-scale wavelet noise tuning stochastic resonance (SR). Firstly, input signal with noise is decomposed by multi-scale wavelets transformation, and each scale signal is adjusted by scaling factor, then the decomposed signal is used as the input of cascaded multi-stable systems to achieve the detection of fault diagnosis. If the input signal is a large parameter signal, to conform to the conditions of SR, the decomposed signal must be processed by twice sampling. The simulation and experimental signals are carried out to test the feasibility of the method. From the signal to noise ratio (SNR) comparison curves of original signal, SR output signal and MCMSR output signal plotted together, we can find that the useful signal can be enhanced by MCMSR method than SR method. The experimental results indicate that the MCMSR can extract fault diagnosis from heavy background noise.
Removal mechanism of ultrasonic vibration and ELID composite plane grinding based on ultrasonic vibration of nano-ceramic workpiece
Authors: Shao Shui Jun , Zhao Bo , Bian Ping Yan
Published: February 2018

To realize the high efficiency mirror surface grinding of hard brittle materials (such as nano-ceramic material), this work firstly constructs an experimental platform for workpiece ultrasonic vibration and ELID combined plane grinding according to the processing mechanism of ultrasonic vibration assisted grinding and ELID grinding; then, based on the removal mechanism of hard brittle material, this work analyzes the kinematics of single abrasive grit with workpiece ultrasonic vibration plane grinding, and studies the effect of ELID plane grinding on the grinding depth; finally, based on the above work, this work proposes the mathematical model of material removal rate for the workpiece ultrasonic vibration and ELID combined plane grinding. Experimental results show that the material removal rate of combined plane grinding increases with the increase of the cutting depth and workpiece speed, the material removal rate of ultrasonic vibration and ELID combined grinding is higher than that of ELID grinding under the same conditions.
Health condition assessment of ball bearings using TOSELM
Authors: Niu Qiming , Liu Feng , Tong Qingbin , Cao Junci , Zhang Yihuang
Published: February 2018

The health condition assessment of Electric Multiple Unit (EMU) traction motor ball bearing is one of the key issues of high-speed train running safety. In order to assess health condition of EMU traction motor ball bearing, an online-sequential extreme learning machine algorithm based on TensorFlow (TOSELM) is proposed. Samples data set is divided into normal condition and fault condition using vibration data of ball bearings. This paper uses health condition accuracy rate index to evaluate TOSELM algorithm performance. The proposed approach is verified by public data set and private data set. The experiment results show the proposed method is an effective method for ball bearing health status assessment.
Jak zaczęło się życie? Zarys systematyzacji teorii dotyczących pochodzenia życia
Authors: Świeżyński Adam
Published: February 2018

Zagadnienie pochodzenia życia stanowi przedmiot ludzkich dociekań od wieków. Wszystkie istniejące poglądy na ten temat można przyporządkować do różnych obszarów ludzkiej wiedzy o świecie: nauk przyrodniczych, filozofii, teologii. Warto przyjrzeć się im bliżej i spróbować uporządkować je według określonej typologii. Można wówczas dostrzec istniejące między nimi powiązania i relacje, które wskazują na charakter tych poglądów. Różnice między istniejącymi współcześnie teoriami biogenezy, występujące na gruncie przyrodniczym, zostaną przedstawione jako drugorzędne w porównaniu z różnicami wynikającymi z filozoficznych założeń leżących u podstaw badań nad genezą życia. Propozycja uporządkowania i klasyfikacji różnego rodzaju teorii genezy życia umożliwia wyodrębnienie koncepcji określonego typu: teistycznych, filozoficznych i przyrodniczych oraz porównanie ich ze sobą. Najbardziej ogólny podział w tym zakresie pozwala na wyróżnienie koncepcji metafizycznych i koncepcji przyrodniczych. Niektóre z nich odpowiadają na pytanie o powstanie życia w ogóle, a inne dotyczą jedynie kwestii pochodzenia życia na Ziemi. W perspektywie współczesnych badań naukowych na temat pochodzenia życia wydaje się interesujące, że dwie główne historyczne idee dotyczące problemu powstania życia, samorództwo i panspermia, wciąż są obecne w założeniach wspomnianych teorii, oczywiście w zmodyfikowanej postaci. Artykuł stanowi omówienie i wyjaśnienie proponowanego schematu klasyfikacji głównych typów teorii na temat pochodzenia życia, w którym kluczową rolę odgrywa kryterium natury filozoficznej. Jednym z najważniejszych pytań, na które wspomniany schemat dostarcza odpowiedzi, jest pytanie o to, które z filozoficznych założeń obecne w przyrodniczych teoriach biogenezy okazały się trwałe mimo zmian i różnic występujących w ich warstwie ściśle przyrodniczej.