bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical and epidemiological risk factors associated with hospitalization and mortality rate of COVID-19 patients in Banja Luka County: A retrospective observational cohort study on 40,000 patients
Authors: Pilipovic Broceta Natasa , Todorovic Nevena , Skrbic Ranko , Acimovic Jela , Strbac Savka , Soldatovic Ivan
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:

Since beginning of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) it became clear that severe forms of this infection have primarily affected patients with chronic conditions.

Aims:

The aim of the study was to explore clinical and epidemiological characteristics associated with COVID 19 outcomes.

Settings and Design:

The retrospective observational study included 40,692 citizens of Banja Luka County, Bosnia and Herzegovina, who were confirmed as reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positive on COVID-19 at a primary healthcare centre from March 2020 to September 2022.

Methods and Materials:

Epidemiological data were obtained from Web-Medic medical records of patients. The COVID-19 data were obtained from COVID-19 data sheets comprised of patients’ RT-PCR testing forms, surveillance forms for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 status, and a map of their positive and isolated contacts.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Differences regarding the distributions of patients between groups were analysed using the Pearson chi-square test and Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test for trends, while differences in mean values were compared using an independent sample t-test.

Results:

The average age of hospitalised patients was significantly higher compared to the age of non-hospitalised patients (P < 0.001). The average age of patients with lethal outcomes was nearly twice as high in comparison to patients with non-lethal outcomes (P < 0.001). Male patients had a higher hospitalization and mortality rate (P < 0.001). The highest hospitalization rate was in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), while the death rate was the highest among patients with CRF and hearth comorbidities. Patients with fatigue and appetite loss had a higher percentage of lethal outcomes. Vaccinated patients had a significantly lower rate of lethal outcome.

Conclusions:

Clinical symptoms, signs and outcomes, are posing as predictive parameters for further management of COVID-19. Vaccination has an important role in the clinical outcomes of COVID-19.
Menstrual hygiene behaviour among the tribal married women aged 15 to 49 years: A cross-sectional study in a community development block of Paschim Bardhaman District, West Bengal
Authors: Mukherjee Ananya G. , Roy Sima , Das Dilip K. , Banerjee Niladri
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Menstrual hygiene management is integrally associated with reproductive health of women. Menstrual health and hygiene needs, particularly of tribal women still remain unmet for many reasons. Inappropriate menstrual behaviour leads to adverse health consequences.

Objectives:

This study aimed to ascertain the menstrual hygiene behaviour of tribal married women aged 15 to 49 years and its correlates.

Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2019 to April 2020 in the Barabani block of Paschim Bardhaman district, West Bengal. A calculated sample of 530 women was selected randomly from 10 tribal villages of the study area; they were interviewed through a pre-designed schedule for socio-demographic and menstrual hygiene behaviour characteristics. Menstrual hygiene management score was derived based on five essential components- hygienic absorbents, hygienic disposal of absorbents, frequency of changing of absorbents, cleaning of external genitalia and source of water for cleaning; menstrual hygiene behaviour was categorised as favourable and unfavourable. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was performed using SPSS v. 20.

Results:

All 530 women were Hindu and belonged to Santhal ethnicity; 53.4% were illiterate. Sanitary pads were used by 43.8% of women; 63% practised indiscriminate throwing for disposal of absorbents; 86% practised appropriate changing of absorbents. Overall, 63% had favourable menstrual hygiene management behaviour, and the literacy status of women was found to be a significant predictor.

Conclusion:

Unfavourable menstrual practices are still widely prevalent among tribal women, mainly attributable to lack of knowledge. Awareness generation should be focused on improving those practices, which would also result in the improvement of general health conditions.
The fear of smartphone notifications and calls among medical students: The phone ring phobia syndrome or telephobia
Authors: Bairwa Yog P. , Udayaraj Arun , Manna Souvik
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Telephobia is a kind of anxiety disorder in which the individual is afraid of either answering or making telephone calls. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of telephobia among medical students and to determine the association of socio-demographic and other factors with this disorder.

Methods:

A total of 320 undergraduate medical students were enrolled at a tertiary medical college in Western India, of which 300 (93.75%) responded to the survey. A stratified sampling strategy with the proportional allocation method was used in which 40 males and 20 females were selected from each year of students, spanning 5 years. A specially designed semi-structured questionnaire was used for the study, consisting of demographic data, purpose of using the internet, gadget used, and a 10-item telephobia questionnaire modified from the Severity Measure for Agoraphobia—Adult (SMA-A) Questionnaire to measure student’s avoidance of telephone calling and receiving.

Results:

The mean age of the study participants was 21.91 (±1.84) years, and most of the students were urban residents (184, 61.3%). The prevalence of mild, moderate, and severe telephobia was 33.0%, 7.67%, and 1.33%, respectively, giving an overall prevalence of 42%. Univariate analysis revealed that male gender (χ2 = 9.822, df = 3, p = 0.0201), higher duration of internet usage (χ2 = 41.15, df = 9, p value < 0.000), and viewing porn (χ2 = 15.94, df = 3, p = 0.0011) had significant association with higher severity of telephobia. Viewing of porn sites was reported by 65 (21.7%) medical students, exclusively among males.

Conclusion:

A prevalence of 9% moderate to severe telephobia among medical students is much alarming, which may aggravate further as the students move from academic to clinical settings. The phenomenon of telephobia needs further exploration, to find its determinants and predictors, especially among vulnerable populations.
Awareness and utilization of mother and child protection (MCP) card among mothers attending immunization OPD: An urban health centre-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Sangam Rohan , Rawat Shalini , Shelke Pallavi , Gokhe Seema S Bansode
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

The MCP card is used as a tool for pregnant women, young mothers and family members to learn about various types of services which they should assess and utilize. The study was undertaken to see the awareness about MCP card and its components among beneficiaries in urban slum area.

Methodology:

This is a cross-sectional observational study done in urban slum immunization OPD with a sample size of 226. Convenient sampling method was used to select the samples. Mothers consenting and willing to participate in the study were enrolled.

Results:

Observed that the MCP card was issued to majority participants at the time of baby immunization (44.15%), followed by at time of delivery (31.4%) and least number received it at the time of pregnancy registration (24.34%). It is also observed that only 53.54%(121) women had read the card while the remaining didn’t. Majority thought the primary use of MCP card was vaccination record (91.5%), followed by information tool (52.%). It is observed that knowledge regarding pregnancy care and its related complications leads to better utilization of ANC services.

Conclusion:

As observed in the present study a sizeable proportion of populations doesn’t even read the card, and among those who read it the level of knowledge isn’t satisfactory, many use the card as a vaccination record but still the awareness about various vaccines among the beneficiaries remains low.
Genomic epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 from Theni, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Ramalingam Gopinath , Muthukumar Arundadhi , Sivadoss Raju , Rajan Gopinathan , Aridass Dhanasezhian , Murugesan Amudhan , Subramani Krishnapriya , Ganesan Sucila Thangam
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral infection characterized by respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms. The causative agent of this infection is the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The genomic study helps in understanding the pathogenesis, epidemiology, and the development of therapeutic and preventive strategies in the combat against COVID-19.

Materials and Methods:

Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab samples were collected from asymptomatic and symptomatic patients during the time period of 2021–2022 for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 by employing real-time reverse transcriptase, cDNA synthesis, whole-genome sequencing by next-genome sequencing, analysis of SARS-CoV-2 sequence data and lineage and variant of concern assignment along with phylogenetic analysis.

Results:

Lineages BA.2.10 and BA.4.1.1 clustered with genomes from Senegal suggested the spread of infections. Similarly, high clustering among delta samples during the second wave showed possible importation and subsequent spread via local transmission.

Conclusions:

Studies like these are important to understand the characteristics and origins of locally circulating SARS-CoV-2 diversity in order to prevent further spread.
Knowledge, awareness and attitude towards breast cancer: Risk factors, signs and screening among Health and Allied students: A prospective study
Authors: Aga Syed S. , Yasmeen Nusrath , Al-Mansour Mubarak , Khan Muhammad A. , Nissar Saniya , Khawaji Bader , Awadh Abdullah , Alasmari Moudi M. , Abushouk Amir
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common cancer in Saudi women. Therefore, understanding BC and its related risk factors, symptoms, and screening is critical for early detection and intervention. The current study was meant to explore the knowledge, awareness, and attitude (KAA) gap in BC: risk factors, symptoms, and screening.

Material and Methods:

This cross-sectional investigation was carried out with Health Professions Students (HPS) using a predesigned and validated study questionnaire to examine HPS knowledge and attitudes concerning BC and associated risk factors, symptoms, and screening.

Results:

A total of 277 female students responded to the survey. The frequency of correct answers for the BC knowledge questions varied from the lowest of 27.8% to the highest of 88.8%, with only 5 out of 15 questions (33.3%) answered correctly by more than 60% of the participants, displaying poor knowledge and awareness of BC. A majority (>60%) of the participants identified only 7 of the 18 risk factors of BC correctly, whereas 11 of the 13 early warning signs of BC were identified correctly by the majority (>60%) of the participants. Among the participants, only 26.4% were aware of the breast cancer screening center, but 94.6% of them agreed that early detection of breast cancer is important and 82.7% agreed to participate in the screening program if offered.

Conclusion:

Participants’ knowledge and awareness of BC were found to be relatively low; however, their attitudes towards BC screening were positive. As a result, it is critical to develop effective education programs, curricular activities, and awareness campaigns to address the lack of awareness of BC and to have an appropriate response to screening to reduce disease burden.
Prevalence and determinants of low back pain among residents in Abha City, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Asiri Yazeed A. I. , Mogbel Mohammed M. , Alshahrani Mastoor A. , Alqahtani Yahya M. , AlQarni Hassan Z. , Asiri Hassan S. A. , Asiri Yasser A. A. , Raffaa Hatim S. , Raffaa Hazim S.
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Healthcare work is a major risk for having musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), including low back pain (LBP). This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of LBP and define its associated risk factors among resident physicians.

Material and Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among all resident physicians of all specialties in Abha city during the period from July 2020 to September 2020. Data were collected using an online pre-structured data collection tool. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) (back pain section) was applied to assess the effect of LBP on the residents’ ability to perform job duties effectively.

Results:

A total of 312 resident physicians responded. Their age ranged between 25 and 41 years. Males represented 57.7% of them. The prevalence of LBP was 64.7%. The most common reported aggravating factors for LBP were working in uncomfortable posture (73.3%), standing for long periods (64.4%), and long sitting sessions (51.5%). Regarding the pain-relieving factors, sleeping ranked first (60.4%), followed by taking analgesics (48.5%) and maintaining a good posture (35.6%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that obese subjects were at higher risk than underweight subjects to develop LBP (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) =6.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.26–30.34, P = 0.025). Compared to resident physicians without family history of back pain, those with such history were at almost 4-fold higher risk of developing LBP (AOR = 3.90, 95% CI: 2.33-6.52, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

LBP is a very prevalent problem among resident physicians, particularly obese subjects and those with family history of back pain. LBP adversely impacts the work performance of the affected physicians.
A study on the price variability of branded medicines and Jan aushadi versions of selected commonly prescribed psychiatric medications in India using a cost-comparative approach and a passive evaluation of the Jan aushadhi scheme in India
Authors: Vasisht Pranav V.
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

The cost of medications poses a significant financial burden on patients. It limits access and adherence to treatment. Psychiatric disease burden is rising and it needs treatment for long durations. The high cost of branded medicines and lack of access to medicines at affordable prices can limit adherence.

Methodology:

A cost comparison study was done to investigate the price difference between branded and Jan aushadhi versions of 20 selected psychiatric drugs was done at the Department of Community Medicine of a Government medical college in Southern India. The average (mean) price of branded medicines of each drug was calculated with minimum, and maximum using online data, and comparison was done by calculating the percentage price difference between branded and Jan aushadhi medicines. The overall percentage price difference between branded and Jan aushadhi medicines was calculated.

Results:

The overall percentage price difference between the mean price of branded medicine and Jan aushadhi medicine was + 252% for antipsychotics, indicating that the mean branded price was 252% (2.52 times) Jan aushadhi price. Similarly, the overall percentage price difference between the mean branded price and Jan aushadhi price among antidepressants was +277.54%, and the overall percentage price difference between mean branded price and Jan aushadhi was +227.73% for anticonvulsants. Similarly, price differences of maximum and minimum branded prices and Jan aushadhi were high.

Conclusion:

The study was able to estimate variation in the price of branded drugs and compare the price of branded medicines with Jan aushadhi by estimating price differences. The results of the study are useful in further reference regarding the subject for public, policy makers and healthcare providers. It gives valuable evidence into medication costs in India.
Effect of quality and quantity of diet on nutritional status of under-five children residing in the rural area: A longitudinal study
Authors: Hiremath Manasa Mahalingayya , Walvekar Padmaja Ravindra , Baliga Sulakshana Shridhar
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Variety and adequacy of intake of food are required to meet the nutritional needs of the children. Due to poverty/illiteracy, poor families depend on a single food group that is, cereals. Due to the pandemic also, the nutrition of the growing children is affected.

Objective:

To know the effect of quantity and quality of diet on the nutritional status of under-five children.

Methodology:

This study had 270 children aged between 1 and 4 years registered at Anganwadi as study participants. Information on sociodemographic variables, quantity of calories and proteins consumed, quality of diet, and anthropometry of children was collected. Percentages and paired t-tests were used to find the difference between nutritional status and diet at different intervals, which was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Results:

In our study, we found that as the quantity and quality of diet improved nutritional status, especially weight for age, body mass index (BMI) for age Z score also improved. There was a significant difference between calories consumed at the baseline, 6 months and 1 year with P < 0.05. Protein intake was significant between baseline and six months with P < 0.005.

Conclusion:

Our study found a high percentage of undernutrition and wasting in the under-five population when diet was not sufficient in quality and quantity. As the quality and quantity of diet improved nutritional status also improved.
Atopy and allergic diseases among college students at a Saudi Public University
Authors: Bin Abdulrahman Khalid A. , Alqasem Abdulmlk A. , Alsayyari Abdulrahman M. , Bintalib Saud S. , Khatlah Abdullah N. B. , Alshehri Mohammed F. , Alasbali Nawaf M.
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Despite its significant prevalence worldwide, atopy and allergic diseases continue to need more studies, with a need for published articles describing the prevalence of atopy and allergic diseases in Saudi society. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of atopic dermatitis diseases among college students at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University.

Methods:

The Cross-sectional study was conducted in Saudi Arabia among college students at Imam Mohammed bin Saud Islamic University in Riyadh based on self-report Asthma and Allergies questionnaires (ISSAC questionnaire, atopic dermatitis part).

Results:

Seven hundred ninety-seven (797) students from 11 colleges participated in the study. About half (47.6%) aged between 21 and 24, and 73.7% were females. More than one-third (34.8%) had atopic dermatitis during the last six months, while 30.7% of the participants reported having itchy rash in the past 12 months, and 33.8% were diagnosed with eczema in any life interval. Age is not one of the significant factors affecting the prevalence of atopic dermatitis. However, the prevalence of atopic dermatitis slightly increases with age (P = 0.062). Atopic dermatitis was significantly higher among female students (39.7%) than 21.0% among male students (P = 0.000). College level nor GPA had no significant impact on the prevalence of atopic dermatitis (P = 0.238 and 0.884, respectively).

Conclusion:

Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University students have a high prevalence of atopic dermatitis, which may indicate a higher prevalence of allergens. Females and older participants were more liable to reported atopic dermatitis.
Prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C infections among patients with thalassemia attending a tertiary care (rural) hospital
Authors: Mandal Tapan Kr. , Sarkar Sumantra , Haldar Piyali , Mondal Subhasis , Chatterjee Shiv S. , Paul Pramathadhip , Ray Raja , Ghosh Reena R. , Saha Santanu , Dan Utpal
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

The Sunderban area of West Bengal is home to tribal and religious minorities inhabiting various islands. There is a high prevalence of thalassemia among poverty-stricken residents of this region living with meagre health care facilities. This work was planned to determine the proportion of four viral transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs): HIV-1, HIV-2, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among thalassemia patients attending the sole rural medical college in the region.

Materials and Methods:

Thalassemia patients (n = 359, age ranging from 1 year to 60 years) attending the thalassemia clinic or being admitted to the indoor facilities for better management were included in the study. Only patients diagnosed with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and with classical clinical features were included in the study. Blood samples of these patients were tested for HIV as per NACO protocol. For HBV and HCV, samples were first tested serologically; reactive samples were collected and sent in the cold chain to a higher centre for nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) for qualitative and quantitative estimation. Clinical and laboratory data was collected, patients were followed up for complications and hospitalisation during the study period, and statistical analysis was performed.

Results:

Majority of our patients had E-beta-thalassemia (245, 59.81%), followed by beta-thalassemia major (102, 28.30%). NAAT-confirmed HCV infection (14.21%) infection was the most common, followed by HBV (2.51%), and lastly by HIV-1 (0.58%) infection. Among infected thalassemia patients, the mean HCV RNA was 741063 ± 438514.67 IU/ml while the mean HBV DNA level was 4082863 ± 7298514 IU/ml. Co-infections of HIV-1 and HCV and that of HBV and HCV were noted in one patient each (0.28%). HCV-related liver disease (14.21%) and growth retardation (10.31%) were the most typical complication noted, and death occurred in five patients (1.39%) during the study period.

Conclusion:

Primary care physicians should know HCV infection is the most common TTI among thalassemia patients in rural eastern India.
A public health view and comparison between online and on-campus learning to evaluate sleep and mental health among undergraduate students
Authors: Khan Wahaj , Badri Hatim Matooq , Mohmed Khalil , Nabag Mohand Gafar , Bakri Mohammed , Salih Al-Fadil , Elamin Mohamed Osman , Ekram Rakan , Natto Hatim A.
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic changed people’s lives. The majority had to adapt to working online including students. The shift to online learning caused serious sleep and mental health issues among students. This study aimed to examine the variations between the prevalence of sleep and mental health problems among undergraduate students during the periods of online learning and on-campus learning.

Method:

An online survey was distributed to medical students in Saudi Arabia.

Results:

A total of 110 participated in the study (age = 21 ± 1.4 years). The on-campus anxiety (8.2 ± 6.3) was significantly higher than online anxiety (5.5 ± 5.1). On-campus daytime sleepiness (8.5 ± 4) was significantly higher when compared to online daytime sleepiness (6.7 ± 4.6). Although not significant, the on-campus stress (7.7 ± 5.7) and insomnia (12 ± 7.3) were higher than online stress (6.9 ± 5.5) and insomnia (11.5 ± 6). The online depression (6.6 ± 5.7) was higher than the mean on-campus depression (5.8 ± 5.4). A significant strong positive correlation was found between on-campus anxiety and on-campus stress. A significant moderate positive correlation was detected between on-campus anxiety and on-campus daytime sleepiness. A weak but significant correlation was found between on-campus anxiety and on-campus insomnia. On-campus anxiety was significantly predicted by the following model, which included on-campus stress, insomnia, and daytime sleepiness (P < .001).

Conclusion:

Medical students reported lower anxiety, daytime sleepiness, stress, and insomnia during their online learning compared to on-campus learning. Only depression was higher during online learning compared to on-campus learning.
Prevalence of hypertension, screening, awareness, and associated risk factors in teaching institution of Etawah District, Uttar Pradesh: A cross-section study
Authors: Prajapati Ajay Kumar , Jain Seema , Kumar Sanjeev , Bano Tanveer , Gautam Neelam S. , Singh Ganesh , Ruchi
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Hypertension is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, affecting over one billion people. It is responsible for roughly half of all heart disease and stroke-related deaths globally. Because hypertension does not cause any symptoms on its own, it is commonly referred to as “the silent killer.”

Objective:

This study aimed to determine (1) the prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors and (2) the level of awareness of hypertension status among study participants.

Material and Methods:

A facility-based cross-sectional analytical study was conducted for 3 months during January–March 2023 at the teaching institution in Etawah District, Uttar Pradesh. It was conducted among 392 study participants who were ≥18 years old. Data were collected through a predesigned, pretested, semi-structured questionnaire, and anthropometric measurement was determined using standard guidelines.

Results:

The overall prevalence of hypertension screening was 69.4% (male: 33.8% and female: 66.2%), respectively. The majority of hypertensives were found in female participants. Tobacco and alcohol consumption, obesity, physical inactivity, stress and strain, and an unhealthy diet were also associated with hypertension. Among 392 study participants, only 67 (24.6%) were aware of their hypertension status.

Conclusion:

We conclude that hypertension has been described as an “Iceberg disease” as those who suffer are usually unaware and hence usually seek healthcare services at a very late stage. Preventive measures should be needed to improve hypertension screening, awareness, treatment, and control.
A study to assess the nutritional status and dietary gap among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Raipur city
Authors: Sinha Ashish Kumar , Debata Ipsita , Pradhan Purna Chandra , Panda Prem S. , Behera Basanta K. , Mukhopadhyay Amrita
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Undernutrition raises the likelihood of progressing from tuberculosis (TB) infection to active TB illness and causes weight loss. Proper food and nutrition are important in the treatment of tuberculosis patients. Active tuberculosis necessitates a substantial energy expenditure. The Tuberculosis treatment guidelines neglect the nutritional supplementation part of Tuberculosis management. The study aims to determine the factors affecting the nutritional status of pulmonary Tuberculosis patients.

Material and Methods:

A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2021 to January 2022 among the patients newly diagnosed and above 18 years of age coming to DOTS Centre (DMC) of Pt J.N.M. Medical College, Raipur. Total 120 subjects were selected by consecutive sampling method. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 24, and P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Result:

Among 120 study subjects, malnourished was 54.16% (BMI <18.50 kg/m2), normal was 35% (BMI 18.50–24.99 kg/m2), overweight was 6.67% (BMI 25–29.99 kg/m2), and obese were 4.17% (BMI 30–34.99 kg/m2). Among 120 study subjects, the maximum number of them (96.3%) had a dietary gap in their diets which was equal in two groups of 1–50% calorie deficit and 51–100% calorie deficit.

Conclusion:

A high proportion of tuberculosis patients were undernourished, and even a very distal factor for undernutrition became proximal for tuberculosis patients. To control tuberculosis and to end the tuberculosis disease, an improvement in the nutritional status of the patient should be our priority. By knowing the importance of nutrition in TB patients, the primary care physicians can decrease the morbidity and mortality in TB patients.
Estimation of prakriti (body constitution) in women of Eastern Maharashtra tribal belt of central India featuring early and premature menopause
Authors: Tawalare Kalpana , Wakde Sayali , Tawalare Kiran A. , Bhamkar Snehal , Bagde Rhutika , Saoji Ajeet , Gode Dilip , Chaudhari Sanjeev , Hazare Shilpa , Khatri Sachin , Pusadekar Yamini , Kanitkar Madhuri
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Prakriti (body constitution) is the essential fundamental of Ayurveda. In female physiology, it plays a crucial role in determining the age of menarche and menopause. Recent research has shown that early menopause occurs in tribal women. Vagbhata states that a kapha dosha pradhan prakriti female has a longer menstrual life [i.e., reproductive period] compared to the vata and pitta prakriti females. This study was done to estimate prakriti in females who attain early and premature menopause in the tribal population to provide optimal care for tribal women through primary and whole health systems.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional questionnaire survey study was carried out in four villages of Nagpur district territory of Eastern Maharashtra, the central zone of India after seeking permission from IEC. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the 80%, and above tribal people, 169 married women who attained early or premature menopause were included. Post-menopausal women were selected for the study, and females with hysterectomy, secondary amenorrhea, and other major illnesses were excluded from the study. Data were collected by survey method with the help of a pre-validated questionnaire.

Observation and Result:

Out of 169 females 57.98% of females were of vata prakriti, 24.85% of females were of pitta prakriti, and 17.15% of females were of kapha prakriti. The prevalence of early or premature menopause of vata prakriti females is 57.98.

Discussion:

Vata dosha characteristics such as ruksha, laghu, sheeta, and khara in vata prakriti females lead to early or premature menopause. To avoid early or premature menopause in tribal females, ghee (ghrit) and milk can be included in dietary habits, lifestyle modification, and awareness counseling may prove beneficial.

Conclusion:

Early or premature menopause is observed largely in vata prakriti females of Nagpur district, Eastern Maharashtra, tribal zone of Central Inda.
Evaluation of the value of chest CT severity score in assessment of COVID-19 severity and short-term prognosis
Authors: Roostaee Ayda , Lima Zeinab Safarpour , Aziz-Ahari Alireza , Doosalivand Hadi , Younesi Ladan
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Evaluations have shown that the severity of pulmonary involvement is very important in the mortality rate of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of chest CT severity score in assessment of COVID-19 severity and short-term prognosis.

Materials and Methods:

This study was a cross-sectional study with a sample size of 197 patients, including all patients admitted to Rasoul Akram Hospital, with positive polymerase chain reaction, to investigate the relationship between computed tomography (CT) severity score and mortality. The demographic data and CT scan findings (including the pattern, side, and distribution of involvement), co-morbidities, and lab data were collected. Finally, gathered data were analyzed by SPSS-26.

Results:

119 (60.4%) patients were male, and 78 (39.6%) were female. The mean age was 58.58 ± 17.3 years. Totally, 61 patients died; of those, 41 (67.2%) were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), so there was a significant relation between death and ICU admission (P value = 0.000). Diabetes was the most common co-morbidity, followed by hypertension and IHD. There was no significant relation between co-morbidities and death (P value = 0.13). The most common patterns of CTs were interlobular septal thickening and ground glass opacities, and a higher CT severity score was in the second week from the onset of symptoms, which was associated with more mortality (P value < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Our study showed that a patient with a higher CT severity score of the second week had a higher risk of mortality. Also, association of the CT severity score, laboratory data, and symptoms could be applicable in predicting the patient’s condition.
Mind the gap in kidney care: Translating what we know into what we do
Authors: Luyckx Valerie A. , Tuttle Katherine R. , Abdellatif Dina , Correa-Rotter Ricardo , Fung Winston W. S. , Haris Agnès , Hsiao Li-Li , Khalife Makram , Kumaraswami Latha A. , Loud Fiona , Raghavan Vasundhara , Roumeliotis Stefanos , Sierra Marianella , Ulasi Ifeoma , Wang Bill , Lui Siu-Fai , Liakopoulos Vassilios , Balducci Alessandro ,   for the World Kidney Day Joint Steering Committee
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Historically, it takes an average of 17 years to move new treatments from clinical evidence to daily practice. Given the highly effective treatments now available to prevent or delay kidney disease onset and progression, this is far too long. The time is now to narrow the gap between what we know and what we do. Clear guidelines exist for the prevention and management of common risk factors for kidney disease, such as hypertension and diabetes, but only a fraction of people with these conditions worldwide are diagnosed, and even fewer are treated to target. Similarly, the vast majority of people living with kidney disease are unaware of their condition because in the early stages, it is often silent. Even among patients who have been diagnosed, many do not receive appropriate treatment for kidney disease. Considering the serious consequences of kidney disease progression, kidney failure, or death, it is imperative that treatments are initiated early and appropriately. Opportunities to diagnose and treat kidney disease early must be maximized beginning at the primary care level. Many systematic barriers exist, ranging from patient to clinician to health systems to societal factors. To preserve and improve kidney health for everyone everywhere, each of these barriers must be acknowledged so that sustainable solutions are developed and implemented without further delay.
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG in blood donors in a teaching institute from Western part of Maharashtra
Authors: Patil Rajashri A. , Das Nikunja K. , Gandham Nageswari R. , Vyawahare Chanda , Ajagunde Jyoti , Khan Sameena , Ratnakar Parag J. , Ingle Yamini
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

COVID-19 is a disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 that has appeared as a global pandemic in recent times. Currently, the transmission rate has slowed down significantly, but the definite pathological reason behind this is still unknown. Therefore, the prevalence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody must be studied to establish the relation between the rate of transmission and antibody presence.

Materials and Methods:

A clinical assessment was performed to evaluate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies among 299 healthy volunteers in the period of February to May 2021. Serum samples were analyzed using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) technology to detect the presence of IgG antibodies.

Result:

It was observed that 21% of the participants were seropositive, and 78% of the population was seronegative across the different genders. This confirmed that the generation of antibodies is independent of gender. Simultaneously, a t-test was performed that further suggested no statistical correlation between gender and seroprevalence. Moreover, a comprehensive analysis was performed to establish the relation between age and blood group with the seroprevalence. However, there was no statistical relationship found among these parameters.

Conclusion:

This study assisted in examining the underlying causes of high or low seroprevalence among healthy volunteers.
Type-2 diabetes mellitus with or without metabolic syndrome and their associated critical factors: A study from Northern India
Authors: Singhal Arjun Kumar , Singh Gaurav , Singh Shravan Kumar , Karunanand Busi
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Diabetes mellitus is associated with carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism abnormalities. Uncontrolled hyperglycaemia can result in dysfunction of various organs such as eyes, kidneys, nerves, and heart and blood vessels leading to long-term complications like nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, stroke and ischaemia. The main objective of the study was to identify critical factors in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM) with metabolic syndrome (mets) compared with Type 2 DM without mets and their association in the development of Type 2 DM to Type 2 DM with mets and cardiovascular complications. This can aid in improving the clinical management and the consequences of the disease.

Materials and Methods:

The present study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, a tertiary care centre in Northern India. All patients who were aged between 35 and 65 years of age were enrolled. Enrolled subjects were divided into three groups, Group I: 50 healthy people; Group II: 50 Type 2 DM without mets; and Group III: 50 Type 2 DM with mets. These patients were subjected to Anthropometric and biochemical parameter assessment.

Results:

On comparing Group III with control and Group II significant difference was observed in these parameters, that is, elevated TGs (P = 0.001), reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level (P = 0.001), elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (0.011), high serum insulin fasting (P = 0.010), weight (P = 0.021), waist circumference (P = 0.001) and BMI (P = 0.001). In the control group, head circumference was significantly lower compared to Group II (P = 0.001) and Group III (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:

On the basis of observed observation, it has been suggested that low enzymatic activity with poor glycaemic control may further progress Type 2 DM into Type 2 DM with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular complications. High hs-CRP concentration and high fasting insulin can be independent predictor of cardiovascular complications.
Premature graying of hairs: Ayurveda perspective
Authors: Choukikar Yogesh Baliram , Katkar Rahul Sambhaji , Acharya Shrinidhi Kumar K
Published: May 2024

One of the unavoidable stages of human existence is aging, which is characterized by ongoing catabolic changes in the body. One of the distinguishing features of animals is hair and greying of hairs is a complex physiological phenomenon that occurs with normal ageing. The hair follicle undergoes both intrinsic (chronologic) and extrinsic (environmental) ageing, similar to the skin. Untimely ageing, also known as Akalaja vriddhavastha (early ageing), is the term used to describe the alterations brought on by a poor diet and lifestyle. Although clinicians frequently observe premature greying of the hair, they have relatively little to offer the patient. The classical Ayurveda as well as contemporary texts are utilized to gather data on pertinent subjects. Ayurveda management of greying of hair is different from contemporary science and it includes principles of Dincharya (daily regimen), Swasthavritta (preventive and promotive health), Achara rasayana (rejuvenation through the right code of conduct), Rasayana (rejuvenation), and use of Keshya (hair growth promoting) drugs. Ayurveda pharmacodynamics (Rasa panchaka) and reported actions on individual herbal drugs give an idea of the potential of Ayurveda to treat the premature greying of hairs efficiently.
The status of fermented preparations in clinical practice: A charaka samhita review
Authors: Tambe Ganesh A , Singh Rohit , Yadav Pramod , Prajapati Pradeep Kumar
Published: May 2024

The Charak Samhita is well known for its therapeutic results. It uses various dosage forms for treatment of various diseases, so we did an attempt to gather the knowledge of Sandhana Kalpana (fermented formulations) at one place which is scattered throughout the Samhita.To review the concept of Fermented formulations and its mechanism mentioned in clinical domain of Charaka Samhita. This is a review article of fermentative preparation in Charaka Samhita. Charaka Samhita and published literature in various databases/Journals which is a critical review. Charaka Samhita revealed 9 Asava Yoni (base materials used in fermentation) and 84 Asava (fermentative preparation). In Chikitsa of Charaka Samhita, a total of 29 references pertaining to preparation of fermentative formulations along with proportion of ingredients, Drava dravya (liquid), Sandhaneeya Dravya (fermenting materials), Prakshepa Dravya (addictives), Madhura Dravya (sweetening agents), Sandhana patra (fermentation vessel), Patra Samskara (preparation of vessel), method of preparation, Sandhana Sthala (location), time of fermentation and the duration for completion of process have been found, along with many references of various fermentative preparation like Kanji (acidic fermentation by using rice) Souviraka and Tushodaka (by using barley), etc. was found in Kalpa, Chikitsa, and Siddhi Sthana. Various methods of preparation of fermentative preparation are disseminated throughout text of Charaka Samhita. This review may help to aggregate the phenomenon of Fermented formulations along with peculiarities and indications as elucidated by Charaka.
Pharmacognostical and pharmaceutical analysis of “Medhya Rasayana”: A herbal nootropic Ayurveda formulation
Authors: Bavarva Amisha A , Kori Virendra K , Bhinde Sagar M , Harisha C R , Shukla Vinay J
Published: May 2024

Background:

Medhya Rasayana (MR) is a widely used polyherbal formulation containing Brahmi (Bacopa monneri Linn.), Shankhpushpi (Convolvulus pluricaulis Chois), Yashtimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.), and Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia Wilsld Miers.). It is being used in psychological, neurological, and developmental disorders since long by Ayurveda practitioners. The pharmacopeial standards of this formulations is not available till date. Earlier few researchers had evaluated this formulation but generating consistent data of any drug is more important to reach the final quality control (QC) parameters. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate MR through pharmacognostical, physiochemical parameters and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting in the process of establishing QC data.

Materials and Methods:

Preauthenticated raw drugs were procured, and MR was prepared at pharmacy, ITRA, Jamnagar. Organoleptic parameters and microscopic analysis of Churna (powder) were done at pharmacognosy department, ITRA, Jamnagar. Physiochemical analysis and HPTLC of MR were done at pharmaceutical laboratory, ITRA, Jamnagar.

Result:

Microscopic features of MR Churna were cross-checked with Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API) standards of individual ingredients, and it was found to have characteristics of all ingredients in it. In pharmaceutical parameters, pH value was 6.7, water-soluble extract was 9.8%w/w, methanol-soluble extract was 11.64%w/w, ash value was 8.20%w/w, and loss on drying was 4.01%w/w. HPTLC at 254 and 366 nm showed 6 and 13 spots, respectively.

Conclusion:

This study has generated preliminary data on pharmacognostical, pharmaceutical parameters and HPTLC in addition to reviewed available data of MR Churna. This fingerprinting along with data of previous researchers can be useful for future researchers to reproduce this formulation and to establish quality control parameters of MR Churna.
Effect of Daivavayapashraya Treatment with special reference to Mantra chanting on memory in adolescent children: a nonpharmacological interventional study
Authors: Meghala C , Pant Champa
Published: May 2024

Background:

Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa (spiritual therapy) is a nonpharmacological treatment measure, which represents the divine or spiritual aspect of Ayurveda. Mantra (hymns) chanting as spiritual therapy is advocated for various physical and mental disorders in Ayurveda. Smriti (memory) is a recollection of past experiences, and Mana (mind) is the entity responsible for experiencing the present and recalling the past. Chanting hymns is protective of the mind and, hence, is expected to affect memory also. This study was done to see the effect of chanting hymns on memory in adolescent children.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty-five school children between 10 and 14 years of age were enrolled after obtaining consent from parents and assent from children. After obtaining ethical clearance from the Institutional Ethics Committee, the data collection started on April 11, 2022, and was completed on April 25, 2022. Audio-visual short-term memory was assessed by pen and paper tests. After a session of 15 min of hymns chanting for 15 days, the pen and paper tests were repeated to assess any change in memory. The results were statistically analyzed using the Student’s paired t test.

Results:

A statistically significant increase in short-term memory suggested by improved scores in recalled items and a reduction in incorrect entries after 15 days of hymns chanting was noted. The study showed a visible but statistically insignificant decrease in blood pressure, pulse, and respiratory rate of participants.

Discussion:

Chanting hymns functions through unexplainable modes of action. Udana Vata (Vata seated in the thorax), which is active during hymns chanting is known to stimulate the mind and work on memory. Reduction in anxiety and improvement in attention, these two proven effects of hymns chanting could also have contributed to improved memory.

Conclusion:

Study results suggested that chanting hymns improves short-term memory in adolescent children.
Effect of Vidaryadi Ghrita and Ksheerabala Oil in the management of hearing loss: a case series
Authors: Prajapati Sweta R , Joshi Shraddha , Vaghela D B
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Badhirya (hearing loss) is one among the Karnarogas (ear disease) described by all the Acharyas. It can be correlated with hearing loss or deafness. When Vatadosha, along with Kaphadosha, gets situated in Shabdavahisira, it will block the pathway of Sira and cause Badhirya (hearing loss). Almost 20% of the world’s population, or more than 1.5 billion individuals, suffer from hearing loss. India has a 6.3% prevalence of DHL in 1997, according to the WHO. From 76.5 million in 2008 to 100 million in 2018, it increased in India. With this high prevalence and its effect on the physical, mental, and social life of the patients, it’s important to find a cure for hearing loss. At least giving a better state from earlier conditions will also count in the efforts. In Ayurveda, treatment of Badhirya (hearing loss) includes Ghritapana, Rasayana Chikitsa (immunomodulation therapy), Nasya (nasal drops), Karnapoorana (ear drops), etc. And it is more effective and cost-effective too.

Materials and Methods:

Here, four patients aged between 18 and 30 years with complaints of hearing loss were selected. All patients were intervened with Vidaryadi Ghritapana (Vaidyaratnam Oushadhalaya, Thrissur, Kerala) Ksheerabala Taila (101 Avarti) (Nagarjuna Pharma, Kerala) Nasya (Nasal drops), Asanabilwadi Taila (Nagarjuna pharma, Kerala) Karnapoorana (Ear drops), Sarivaadi Vati (ITRA pharmacy) and Ashwaghabdhadi Churna (Anubhuta Yoga) (ITRA pharmacy) for 4 months. Follow-up of 2 months at intervals of 15 days was done in all the patients.

Result:

All patients showed gradual improvement in the conditions. Among four patients, the first patient showed significant improvement, and the other three showed marked improvement.

Conclusion:

It shows that the Vidaryadi Ghritapana, Ksheerabala Taila (101 Avarti) Nasya (nasal drops), Asanavilwadi Taila Karnapoorana (ear drops) along with oral medications are good choices of intervention for the management of Badhirya (hearing loss).