bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theoretical perspectives on the interaction between warfarin and garlic compounds with an in silico study of CYP3A4
Authors: Saldanha Geovane De Almeida , Bairros André Valle de , Paula Fávero Reisdorfer
Published: April 2020

Alho (Allium sativum L.) é um dos suplementos alimentares mais consumidos no mundo e tem mpultiplas pripriedades biológicas. Entre todas as moléculas obtidas de alo, S-alil-Lcisteína (SAC), S-metil-L-cisteína (SMC) e S-alilmercaptocisteína (SAMC) são destacadas. Existem estudos in vitro e in vivo que correlacionam as interações destas mléculas com drogas medicinais como varfarina pela competição no sítio de ligação das isenzimas do citocromo P450 (CYP). Varfarina é um anticoagulando oral pertencente à classe dos antagonistas da vitamina K e meraboliza por CYP3A4, 2C9 e 2C19. Este artigo consiste em uma revisão mostrando estudos com extrados e/ou compostos isolados do alho, vias metabólicas e consequências biológicas considerando interações armacológicas. Os resultados revelaram que os extratos de alho expressam uma atividade inibitória em CYP3A4, 2C9 e 2C19. A inibiçã de CYP3A4 foi maior que 50% para SAC e SAMC. O experimento in silico foi realizado para SAC, SMC e SAMC na isoenzima CP3A4 em que SAMC mostrou menor energia de interação (-85, 9Kcal mol-1). (R)-varfarina foi estudada na mesma cavidade molecular deste sítio ativo e mostrou menor valor de energia de interação (-101, 1Kcal mol-1) en comparação com três compostos,  que pode suregir que varfarina mostrou melhor afinidade com CYP3a4. Consequentemente, SAMC interage melhor co CYP3A4, seguida de SAC e SMC (-80,4 e 70,2 Kcal mol-1, respectivamente). Estes resultados indicam que mercaptocisteína mostra melhor encaixe com o sítio ativo da CYP3A4 humana. Então, estas interações podem potencializar o risco de sangramento em pacientes durante terapia com varfaria, pois em alguns dos compostos de alho inibem a CYP responsával pela biotransformaço de (R)-varfarina. Estes achados sugerem que o consume de alho deveria ser monitorado em pacientes que recebem terapia anticoagulante com varfarina e os profissionais da saúde devem esta conscientes deste potencial de interação.
Analysis of the growth and morpho-physiological performance of three cultivars of Colombian quinoa grown under a greenhouse
Authors: García-Parra Miguel Ángel , Stechauner-Rohringer Roman , García-Molano Jose Francisco , Ortiz-Gonzalez Daniel
Published: April 2020

Quinoa (Amaranthaceae) is a native pseudo-cereal produced throughout the South American zone, where it is used in the preparation of food and as a promising alternative for the colonization of edaphoclimatic areas affected by anthropic and natural factors. Among the main problems that affect crop production, we can include those related to growth, development and production, generated by limitations of adaptability of new cultivars in specific areas. For this reason, this research intended to analyze the growth and morph-physiological behavior of the cultivars of quinoa Blanca Soracá (BS), Blanca Jericó (BT), and Tunkahuan (T). The study was carried out in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Cauca University (Colombia) located at 1880 m a.s.l. The analysis, allowed to recognize that the three cultivars of quinoa, show different times of phenological development, until harvest (138.25 ± 2.3 and 161 ± 1.1 days). The number of leaves, the height of plants, and the number of branches show adjustment of sigmoidal regression equations (R2 0.99 - 0.98) for the cultivars BJ and T, while total chlorophyll content was adjusted to cubic behavior (R2 0.90 - 0.89). The cultivars of quinoa express productive behaviors that are associated with early and late cycles, showing differences in the production and weight of seeds.
Long-term results of unilateral cleft lip repair with multiple infantile hemangiomas including one involving the cleft side of the upper lip
Authors: Jeong Dae Kyun , Lee Jae Woo , Choi Soo Jong , Bae Yong Chan
Published: April 2020

Infantile hemangiomas have a growth phase and an involution phase. For this reason, serial observation has generally been recommended as the treatment for uncomplicated infantile hemangiomas. Recently, however, individualized approaches have been emphasized. Although cleft lip and infantile hemangioma are common congenital diseases, infantile hemangiomas on the cleft side (i.e., in the operative field of the cleft lip) are extremely rare, and no clear guidelines have been established for their treatment. We experienced a case in which a patient with a cleft lip had an infantile hemangioma on the cleft side. In accordance with general treatment guidelines, cleft repair was performed 3 months after birth. The Millard rotation- advancement technique, which involves the use of a lower small triangular flap, was used for the repair. No intraoperative complications, such as massive bleeding, or postoperative complications were noted. The patient has received regular follow-up for the past 18 years, and other than a reddish scar on the lower lip, he currently has no related issues. Therefore, this case demonstrates that cleft lip repair performed according to cleft lip treatment guidelines produces good outcomes, even in cases involving a hemangioma on the cleft side.
Impact of Provider Imaging Practices on Survival Outcomes in Advanced Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Green Angela K. , Korenstein Deborah , Aghajanian Carol , Barrow Brooke , Curry Michael , O’Cearbhaill Roisin E.
Published: April 2020

Background: This study sought to describe how high- versus low-frequency surveillance imaging practices among providers at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) impact overall survival (OS) and time to recurrence of patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer in first remission. Methods: The study cohort included patients with stage II–IV high-grade epithelial ovarian cancer diagnosed in January 2001 through January 2017 who experienced recurrence after initial platinum-based chemotherapy. To determine usual imaging practices for providers at MSKCC, median frequency of CT or MRI of the abdomen/pelvis was calculated among patients with a long-term remission (defined as at least 1 year) treated by each provider. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine differences in OS and time to recurrence among patients treated by providers with high versus low imaging frequency practices, with additional subgroup analysis among patients with elevated CA-125 levels >35 U/mL at diagnosis. Chi-square tests were used to examine differences in the proportion of patients who enrolled in clinical trials or underwent secondary cytoreductive surgery (SCS) by imaging frequency. Results: A total of 543 patients were treated by providers with high imaging frequency (>1 scan every 12 months) and 141 were treated by providers with low imaging frequency (≤1 scan every 12 months). Time to recurrence was shorter among patients treated by providers with high versus low imaging frequency (18.0 vs 19.2 months; hazard ratio, 1.33; P=.003). Results were similar when restricted to patients with elevated CA-125 levels at diagnosis. There was no significant difference in OS, clinical trial enrollment, or SCS by imaging practice. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this retrospective analysis, patients with advanced ovarian cancer treated by high-frequency-imaging providers had earlier detection of recurrence. Future analyses in a larger population are warranted to elucidate the risks versus benefits of surveillance imaging.
Teacher Professional Growth in Summative Assessment and Meaningful Learning: A Case Study in Pre-Vocational Geography Education in The Netherlands
Authors: Bijsterbosch Erik , Béneker Tine , Kuiper Wilmad , van der Schee Joop
Published: April 2020

Teachers’ classroom assessment practices tend to encourage rote learning instead of meaningful learning. To enhance teachers’ classroom assessment practices, teacher involvement in assessment construction appears necessary. To foster teacher professional growth in relation
to this issue, a professional development programme on summative assessment and meaningful learning in pre-vocational geography education in the Netherlands was designed. In 2016, a prototype of the programme was tested and evaluated in a small-scale case study. The results suggest that the
programme was feasible and practical and contributed to change in teachers’ knowledge, skills and practices.
Preparation for upcoming attentional states in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex
Authors: Günseli Eren , Aly Mariam
Published: April 2020

Goal-directed attention is usually studied by providing individuals with explicit instructions on what they should attend to. But in daily life, we often use past experiences to guide our attentional states. Given the importance of memory for predicting upcoming events, we hypothesized that memory-guided attention is supported by neural preparation for anticipated attentional states. We examined preparatory coding in the human hippocampus and mPFC, two regions that are important for memory-guided behaviors, in two tasks: one where attention was guided by memory and another in which attention was explicitly instructed. Hippocampus and mPFC exhibited higher activity for memory-guided vs. explicitly instructed attention. Furthermore, representations in both regions contained information about upcoming attentional states. In the hippocampus, this preparation was stronger for memory-guided attention, and occurred alongside stronger coupling with visual cortex during attentional guidance. These results highlight the mechanisms by which memories are used to prepare for upcoming attentional goals.
Germline burden of rare damaging variants negatively affects human healthspan and lifespan
Authors: Shindyapina Anastasia V , Zenin Aleksandr A , Tarkhov Andrei E , Santesmasses Didac , Fedichev Peter O , Gladyshev Vadim N
Published: April 2020

Heritability of human lifespan is 23–33% as evident from twin studies. Genome-wide association studies explored this question by linking particular alleles to lifespan traits. However, genetic variants identified so far can explain only a small fraction of lifespan heritability in humans. Here, we report that the burden of rarest protein-truncating variants (PTVs) in two large cohorts is negatively associated with human healthspan and lifespan, accounting for 0.4 and 1.3 years of their variability, respectively. In addition, longer-living individuals possess both fewer rarest PTVs and less damaging PTVs. We further estimated that somatic accumulation of PTVs accounts for only a small fraction of mortality and morbidity acceleration and hence is unlikely to be causal in aging. We conclude that rare damaging mutations, both inherited and accumulated throughout life, contribute to the aging process, and that burden of ultra-rare variants in combination with common alleles better explain apparent heritability of human lifespan.
Lipid polarity gradient formed by ω-hydroxy lipids in tear film prevents dry eye disease
Authors: Miyamoto Masatoshi , Sassa Takayuki , Sawai Megumi , Kihara Akio
Published: April 2020

Meibum lipids form a lipid layer on the outermost side of the tear film and function to prevent water evaporation and reduce surface tension. (O-Acyl)-ω-hydroxy fatty acids (OAHFAs), a subclass of these lipids, are thought to be involved in connecting the lipid and aqueous layers in tears, although their actual function and synthesis pathway have to date remained unclear. Here, we reveal that the fatty acid ω-hydroxylase Cyp4f39 is involved in OAHFA production. Cyp4f39-deficient mice exhibited damaged corneal epithelium and shortening of tear film break-up time, both indicative of dry eye disease. In addition, tears accumulated on the lower eyelid side, indicating increased tear surface tension. In Cyp4f39-deficient mice, the production of wax diesters (type 1ω and 2ω) and cholesteryl OAHFAs was also impaired. These OAHFA derivatives show intermediate polarity among meibum lipids, suggesting that OAHFAs and their derivatives contribute to lipid polarity gradient formation for tear film stabilization.
Evolution of multifunctionality through a pleiotropic substitution in the innate immune protein S100A9
Authors: Harman Joseph L , Loes Andrea N , Warren Gus D , Heaphy Maureen C , Lampi Kirsten J , Harms Michael J
Published: April 2020

Multifunctional proteins are evolutionary puzzles: how do proteins evolve to satisfy multiple functional constraints? S100A9 is one such multifunctional protein. It potently amplifies inflammation via Toll-like receptor four and is antimicrobial as part of a heterocomplex with S100A8. These two functions are seemingly regulated by proteolysis: S100A9 is readily degraded, while S100A8/S100A9 is resistant. We take an evolutionary biochemical approach to show that S100A9 evolved both functions and lost proteolytic resistance from a weakly proinflammatory, proteolytically resistant amniote ancestor. We identify a historical substitution that has pleiotropic effects on S100A9 proinflammatory activity and proteolytic resistance but has little effect on S100A8/S100A9 antimicrobial activity. We thus propose that mammals evolved S100A8/S100A9 antimicrobial and S100A9 proinflammatory activities concomitantly with a proteolytic ‘timer’ to selectively regulate S100A9. This highlights how the same mutation can have pleiotropic effects on one functional state of a protein but not another, thus facilitating the evolution of multifunctionality.
Post-translational regulation of retinal IMPDH1 in vivo to adjust GTP synthesis to illumination conditions
Authors: Plana-Bonamaisó Anna , López-Begines Santiago , Fernández-Justel David , Junza Alexandra , Soler-Tapia Ariadna , Andilla Jordi , Loza-Alvarez Pablo , Rosa Jose Luis , Miralles Esther , Casals Isidre , Yanes Oscar , de la Villa Pedro , Buey Ruben M , Méndez Ana
Published: April 2020

We report the in vivo regulation of Inosine-5´-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 (IMPDH1) in the retina. IMPDH1 catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the de novo synthesis of guanine nucleotides, impacting the cellular pools of GMP, GDP and GTP. Guanine nucleotide homeostasis is central to photoreceptor cells, where cGMP is the signal transducing molecule in the light response. Mutations in IMPDH1 lead to inherited blindness. We unveil a light-dependent phosphorylation of retinal IMPDH1 at Thr159/Ser160 in the Bateman domain that desensitizes the enzyme to allosteric inhibition by GDP/GTP. When exposed to bright light, living mice increase the rate of GTP and ATP synthesis in their retinas; concomitant with IMPDH1 aggregate formation at the outer segment layer. Inhibiting IMPDH activity in living mice delays rod mass recovery. We unveil a novel mechanism of regulation of IMPDH1 in vivo, important for understanding GTP homeostasis in the retina and the pathogenesis of adRP10 IMPDH1 mutations.
ECuADOR—Easy Curation of Angiosperm Duplicated Organellar Regions, a tool for cleaning and curating plastomes assembled from next generation sequencing pipelines
Authors: Armijos Carrion Angelo D. , Hinsinger Damien D. , Strijk Joeri S.
Published: April 2020

Background

With the rapid increase in availability of genomic resources offered by Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) and the availability of free online genomic databases, efficient and standardized metadata curation approaches have become increasingly critical for the post-processing stages of biological data. Especially in organelle-based studies using circular chloroplast genome datasets, the assembly of the main structural regions in random order and orientation represents a major limitation in our ability to easily generate “ready-to-align” datasets for phylogenetic reconstruction, at both small and large taxonomic scales. In addition, current practices discard the most variable regions of the genomes to facilitate the alignment of the remaining coding regions. Nevertheless, no software is currently available to perform curation to such a degree, through simple detection, organization and positioning of the main plastome regions, making it a time-consuming and error-prone process. Here we introduce a fast and user friendly software ECuADOR, a Perl script specifically designed to automate the detection and reorganization of newly assembled plastomes obtained from any source available (NGS, sanger sequencing or assembler output).

Methods

ECuADOR uses a sliding-window approach to detect long repeated sequences in draft sequences, which then identifies the inverted repeat regions (IRs), even in case of artifactual breaks or sequencing errors and automates the rearrangement of the sequence to the widely used LSC–Irb–SSC–IRa order. This facilitates rapid post-editing steps such as creation of genome alignments, detection of variable regions, SNP detection and phylogenomic analyses.

Results

ECuADOR was successfully tested on plant families throughout the angiosperm phylogeny by curating 161 chloroplast datasets. ECuADOR first identified and reordered the central regions (LSC–Irb–SSC–IRa) for each dataset and then produced a new annotation for the chloroplast sequences. The process took less than 20 min with a maximum memory requirement of 150 MB and an accuracy of over 99%.

Conclusions

ECuADOR is the sole de novo one-step recognition and re-ordination tool that provides facilitation in the post-processing analysis of the extra nuclear genomes from NGS data. The program is available at https://github.com/BiodivGenomic/ECuADOR/.
Wärmeenergie und Holzfeuchte als Einflussgrößen auf das Abbrandverhalten von Holz
Authors: Werther Norman , Matthäus Carla
Published: April 2020

In diesem Beitrag werden zwei Einflussgrößen betrachtet, die im baupraktischen Anwendungsbereich das Abbrandverhalten von Holz sowie dessen Durchwärmung bei Brandbeanspruchung beeinflussen. Die Kenntnis des Abbrandverhaltens ist eine wesentliche Grundlage für die Bemessung von tragenden Holzbauteilen. Basierend auf Brandversuchen wurde sowohl die Auswirkung von zum Normbrand abweichenden Temperaturbeanspruchungen als auch der Einfluss der Ausgangsholzfeuchte auf das Abbrandverhalten untersucht. In Verbindung mit erweiternden numerischen Untersuchungen wurden hieraus Bemessungsansätze abgeleitet, die die Betrachtung des Abbrand‐ und Durchwärmungsverhaltens von Holzbauteilen unter Norm‐ und parametrischer Brandbeanspruchung erlauben.
Structures and dynamics of DNA complexes of the desmethyl analog of the cytotoxin MLN944: Insights into activity when a methyl isn't futile
Authors: Serobian Andre , Pracey Christopher P. , Thomas Donald S. , Denny William A. , Ball Graham E. , Wakelin Laurence P. G.
Published: April 2020

Structure activity relationships for tricyclic‐carboxamide topoisomerase II poisons indicate that cytotoxicity is enhanced by the presence of methyl, and other, groups in the position peri to the carboxamide. Linked dimers of phenazine‐1‐carboxamides are potent cytotoxins and one phenazine dimer, MLN944 (alternatively XR5944), has been in clinical trial. MLN944 is a template inhibitor of transcription, whereas corresponding monomers are not. Nevertheless, its cytotoxic potency is also diminished by removal of its peri methyl groups. Here, we describe NMR and molecular dynamic studies of the interaction of desmethyl MLN944 with d(ATGCAT)2, d(TATGCATA)2, and d(TACGCGTA)2 to investigate the influence of the nine‐methyl group on the structure of MLN944 complexes. As with MLN944, the carboxamide group hydrogen bonds to the phenazine ring nitrogen, the ligand sandwiches the central GC base pairs in the major groove, and the protonated linker amines hydrogen bond primarily to the O6 atom of the guanines. Molecular dynamics studies reveal that the linker exists in multiple conformations, none of which produce an ideal set of hydrogen bonds. In distinction, however, the carboxamide‐to‐phenazine ring nitrogen hydrogen bond is weaker, the overall helix winding is less and the NMR resonances are broader in the desmethyl complexes. Exchange between free and complexed DNA, quantified using two‐dimensional NOESY spectra, is faster for the desmethyl MLN944 complexes than for MLN944 complexes. Overall, the data suggest that desmethyl MLN944 DNA complexes are “looser” and more unwound at the binding site, leading to faster dissociation rates, which could account for the diminished efficacy of the desmethyl analog.
Editorial for “MRI‐Based Machine Learning for Differentiating Borderline From Malignant Epithelial Ovarian Tumors”
Authors: Araki Tetsuro
Published: April 2020

Level of Evidence

5

Technical Efficacy Stage

3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:905–905.
Implementing clinical guidelines into practice: The Osteoarthritis Self‐management and Independent‐living Support (OASIS) group—A service evaluation
Authors: Roberts Shaun , Busby Emma
Published: April 2020

Introduction

Arthritis is a common diagnosis for people presenting to healthcare reporting joint pain and stiffness. It is estimated that around 10 million people in the United Kingdom are thought to have arthritis. National Guidance states that patients with osteoarthritis should be offered three core treatments: information, exercise and weight loss advice. The Osteoarthritis Self‐management and Independent‐living Support (OASIS) group is a programme of progressive exercise and educational advice.

Methods

This service evaluation was to determine if the OASIS group was improving functional and reported pain‐level outcomes of patients with lower limb osteoarthritis between 2016 and 2018. Routinely collected data were analysed to determine its effects on a number of functional and self‐reported outcomes. Ethical approval was not required following local National Health Service (NHS) Trust approval (Reference e2020‐08).

Results

During the 3‐year period of the review between 2016 and 2018, a total of 339 patients were invited to attend the OASIS group. A total of 196 (57.8%) patients improved their overall pain score. Of the patients who attended all six sessions, 96.7% (174) improved in at least one of the functional outcome measures, and 90% (162) improved in at least two functional outcomes.

Conclusion

On evaluation of the OASIS group, it has shown to be effective at improving pain and functional performance of patients with lower limb osteoarthritis, whilst remaining cost‐effective. In comparison with other similar initiatives, the results are comparable, and it is implemented over a shorter time period, enhancing the cost‐effectiveness for the NHS.
Numerical modeling of wave propagation in anisotropic viscoelastic laminated materials in transient regime: Application to modeling ultrasonic testing of composite structures
Authors: Imperiale Alexandre , Leymarie Nicolas , Demaldent Edouard
Published: April 2020

Composite laminate structures remain an important family of materials used in cutting‐edge industrial areas. Building efficient numerical modeling tools for high‐frequency wave propagation in order to represent ultrasonic testing experiments of these materials remains a major challenge. In particular, incorporating attenuation phenomena within anisotropic plies, and thin intermediate isotropic layers between the plies often represent significant obstacles for standard numerical approaches. In our work, we address both issues by proposing a systematic study of the fully discrete propagators associated to the Kelvin‐Voigt, Maxwell, and Zener models, and by incorporating effective transmission conditions between plies using the mortar element method. We illustrate the soundness of our approach by proposing intermediate one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional numerical evidence, and we apply it to a more realistic configuration of a curved laminate composite structure in a three‐dimensional setting.
Sub‐chronic administration of benzo[a]pyrene disrupts hippocampal long‐term potentiation via inhibiting CaMK II/PKC/PKA‐ERK‐CREB signaling in rats
Authors: Lyu Yi , Ren Xue‐Ke , Zhang Hui‐Fang , Tian Feng‐Jie , Mu Jian‐Bing , Zheng Jin‐Ping
Published: April 2020

Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is recognized as a neurotoxic pollutant to mammals, which could impair learning and memory function. Although there is some evidence to suggest that N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR), a glutamate receptor and ion channel protein in nerve cells, is involved into the B[a]P induced neurotoxicity, the exact molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated, particularly the effects of B[a]P on the NMDAR downstream signaling transduction pathways. In the present study, we examined the neurotoxicity of sub‐chronic administrated B[a]P on male Sprague‐Dawley rats. Our data suggested that B[a]P exposure caused significant deficits in learning and memory function and the impairment of hippocampal LTP in rats. Further mechanistic studies indicate that B[a]P‐induced learning and memory deficits are associated with the inhibition of NMDAR NR1 subunit transcription and protein phosphorylation. More importantly, the inactivation of CaMK II/PKC/PKA‐ERK‐CREB signaling pathways in hippocampus was detected at both the 2.5 and 6.25 mg/kg B[a]P‐treated groups, indicating that multiple targets in NMDAR and downstream signaling pathways are involved in the B[a]P‐induced neurotoxicity.
Black hole mass measurements in AGN: Polarization in broad emission lines
Authors: Popović Luka Č. , Afanasiev Victor L. , Savić Djordje
Published: April 2020

We present a new method for supermassive black hole (SMBH) mass measurements in Type 1 active galactic nuclei (AGN) using polarization angle across broad lines. This method gives measured masses which are in a good agreement with reverberation estimates. Additionally, we explore the possibilities and limits of this method using the STOKES radiative transfer code taking a dominant Keplerian motion in the broad line region (BLR). We found that this method can be used for the direct SMBH mass estimation in the cases when in addition to the Kepler motion, radial inflows or vertical outflows are present in the BLR. Some advantages of the method are discussed.
Jet production efficiency in the sample of the youngest radio galaxies
Authors: Wójtowicz Anna , Stawarz Łukasz , Kosmaczewski Emily
Published: April 2020

We investigate the sample of 16 the youngest radio galaxies with measured kinematic ages and available X-ray data from high-resolution Chandra or XMM-Newton observations. We characterize the accretion properties and derive the jet kinetic luminosities for our sources. We found high accretion rates (>1% Eddington) and very high jet production efficiency for all the sources from our sample.This, along with the fact that the analyzed objects seem over-luminous in radio on the fundamental plane for the black hole activity, implies also that the radiative efficiency of the compact lobes is much higher than in the case of the evolved radio galaxies.
Update on the Multi-Frequency Monitoring of Blazars with Medicina and Noto
Authors: Righini Simona , Cassaro Pietro , Bach Uwe , Giroletti Marcello , Buemi Carla , Leto Paolo , Orienti Monica , Orlati Andrea , Raiteri Claudia M. , Trigilio Corrado , Umana Grazia , Villata Massimo
Published: April 2020

The Medicina and Noto radiotelescopes have been employed for over 14 years to monitor the flux density variations of a vast sample of blazars at different radio frequencies. Radio data are essential components of blazar spectral energy distribution (SED, spanning from radio waves to gamma rays), whose trend with luminosity and shape changes provide decisive information on the physics of extra-galactic jets and, eventually, on the mechanism extracting energy from the central black hole in radio-loud AGN. Observations presently carried out at 5, 8 and 24 GHz have taken advantage of the continually evolving control system installed at the antennas. A new, batch-wise analysis tool was also produced, in order to easily handle and reduce the datasets acquired in monthly sessions. We here describe the latest developments and achievements.
External blob radiation model for the TeV gamma-ray emission in radio galaxies
Authors: Bednarek Wlodek , Banasiński Piotr
Published: April 2020

We propose that two emission regions are present in the decelerating jet of radio galaxy at this same moment. Isotropic electrons, in the farther blob as counted along the jet, up-scatter mono-directional soft radiation, from the closer blob, at a relatively large angles to the jet axis. Such model can naturally explain the large angle gamma-ray emission observed from radio galaxies.
Kustas Receives 2019 Hydrologic Sciences Award
Authors:   AGU
Published: April 2020

William P. Kustas received the 2019 Hydrologic Sciences Award at AGU’s Fall Meeting 2019, held 9–13 December in San Francisco, Calif. The award is for “outstanding contributions to the science of hydrology.”
Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus Causing Bloodstream Infections at Ruijin Hospital in Shanghai from 2013 to 2018
Authors: Gu Feifei , He Weiping , Xiao Shuzhen , Wang Su , Li Xinxin , Zeng Qian , Ni Yuxing , Han Lizhong
Published: April 2020

Staphylococcus aureus or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important issue associated with significant morbidity and mortality and well known as a predominant pathogen causing bloodstream infection (BSIs) globally. To estimate the antibiotic resistance and molecular characteristics of S. aureus causing BSIs in Shanghai, 120 S. aureus isolates (20 isolates each year) from the patients with S. aureus BSIs from 2013 to 2018 were randomly selected and enrolled in this study. Fifty-three (44.2%) MRSA isolates were determined, and no isolate was found resistant to vancomycin, daptomycin, synercid, linezolid and ceftaroline. The toxin genes tst, sec, seg and sei were found more frequently among MRSA isolates compared with MSSA isolates (all P < 0.0001). Twenty-nine sequence types (STs) were identified, and ST5 (23.3%) was the most common ST, followed by ST398 (11.7%) and ST764 (10.0%). SCCmec II (73.6%) was the most frequent SCCmec type among MRSA isolates. The dominant clonal complexes (CCs) were CC5 (ST5, ST764, ST965 and ST3066; 36.7%) and the livestock-associated clone CC398 (ST398, 11.7%). MRSA-CC5 was the predominant CC among MRSA isolates (37/53, 69.8%), and CC5-II MRSA was found in 34 isolates accounting for 91.9% (34/37) among CC5 MRSA isolates. In addition, all 29 tst-positive MRSA isolates were CC5-MRSA as well. Our study provided the properties and genotypes of S. aureus causing BSIs at Ruijin Hospital in Shanghai from 2013 to 2018, and might suggest of value clues for the further study insights into pathogenic mechanisms intrinsically referring to the development of human-adapted S. aureus clones and their diffusions.
Trehalose metabolism confers developmental robustness and stability in Drosophila by regulating glucose homeostasis
Authors: Matsushita Ryota , Nishimura Takashi
Published: April 2020

Organisms have evolved molecular mechanisms to ensure consistent and invariant phenotypes in the face of environmental fluctuations. Developmental homeostasis is determined by two factors: robustness, which buffers against environmental variations; and developmental stability, which buffers against intrinsic random variations. However, our understanding of these noise-buffering mechanisms remains incomplete. Here, we showed that appropriate glycemic control confers developmental homeostasis in the fruit fly Drosophila. We found that circulating glucose levels are buffered by trehalose metabolism, which acts as a glucose sink in circulation. Furthermore, mutations in trehalose synthesis enzyme (Tps1) increased the among-individual and within-individual variations in wing size. Whereas wild-type flies were largely resistant to changes in dietary carbohydrate and protein levels, Tps1 mutants experienced significant disruptions in developmental homeostasis in response to dietary stress. These results demonstrate that glucose homeostasis against dietary stress is crucial for developmental homeostasis.
Additive Manufacturing of Salt Hydrates: Primary Process Parameters and Case Study
Authors: Brillinger Markus , Pichlkastner Christian , Haas Franz , Trummer Andreas , Abdul Hadi Muaaz
Published: April 2020

This paper presents the latest outcomes in the field of additive manufacturing. Some salt hydrates as printing materials provide many advantages (such as good availability and low toxic behaviour) compared to other materials, thus making them particularly suitable for specific applications. A layered deposition method for salt hydrates is developed from the binary phase diagram of sodium acetate trihydrate, which is first described mathematically. The experimental results then verify the theoretically described method. Thus, the presented process can also be applied to other salt hydrates which are based on the same physical basic principles. Moreover, this novel process has been termed as Subcooled Liquid Printing (SLP) by the authors.
Breaking Down Silos: Interprofessional Collaborative Practice in Humanitarian Audiology
Authors: Bondurant Lindsay M.
Published: April 2020

The goal of humanitarian healthcare is to improve health outcomes and patient quality of life in under-resourced areas. One avenue for improvement may be via interprofessional collaborative practice, which allows providers from multiple specialties to work together to promote positive interventions for the communities they serve. The purpose of this article is to provide a general framework for incorporating interprofessional collaborative practice within a humanitarian audiology project.
The impact of penalties for wrong answers on the gender gap in test scores
Authors: Coffman Katherine B. , Klinowski David
Published: April 2020

Significance

Scholars and policy-makers have been wrestling with the question of how to increase the representation of women in STEM fields. Our evidence from a large-scale policy change on the national college entry exam in Chile points to one factor that impacts the gender gap in test scores among highly talented students. Simply removing penalties for wrong answers reduces a sizeable gender gap in questions skipped. And, in doing so, this policy change narrows the gender gap in test scores, primarily among high-achievers and in the fields of chemistry, social science, and mathematics. If strong test scores are a prerequisite to a career in STEM, it may be that this type of policy change generates increased opportunity for aspiring female scientists.
A temperate endotherm trades thermoregulation for self-preservation: stress-induced changes in surface temperature as thermoregulatory trade-offs
Authors: Robertson Joshua Kenneth , Mastromonaco Gabriela F , Burness Gary
Published: April 2020

Coping with stressors can require substantial energetic investment, and when resources are limited, such investment can preclude simultaneous expenditure on other biological processes. Among endotherms, energetic demands of thermoregulation can be immense, yet whether a stress response is sufficient to induce changes in thermoregulatory investment appears unexplored. We tested the hypothesis that stress-induced changes in surface temperature, a well-documented phenomenon across vertebrates, stem from a trade-off between thermoregulation and stress responsiveness, whereby individuals seek to reduce energetic expenditure on thermoregulation in challenging environments (the "Thermoprotective Hypothesis"). We predicted that surface temperature and dry heat loss of individuals that are resource-limited would fall under stress exposure at low ambient temperatures and rise under stress exposure at high ambient temperatures when compared with non-resource limited individuals. To test our predictions, we exposed Black-capped Chickadees to rotating stressors and control treatments (ndays/treatment = 30; paired treatments) across an ambient temperature gradient whilst remotely monitoring both feeding behaviour and surface temperature. Supporting the Thermoprotective Hypothesis, our results showed that: 1) social subordinates (n = 12), who fed less than social dominants and alone suffered stress-induced declines in mass, displayed significantly larger changes in surface temperature following stress exposure than social dominants (n = 8), and 2) stress-induced changes in surface temperature significantly increased heat conservation at low ambient temperatures, and heat dissipation at high ambient temperatures among social subordinates alone. These results suggest that Black-capped Chickadees adjust their thermoregulatory strategies under stress when resources are limited and support the hypothesis that stress-induced changes in temperature are functionally significant.
Long non coding RNA SLC26A4‐AS1 exerts antiangiogenic effects in human glioma by upregulating NPTX1 via NFKB1 transcriptional factor
Authors: Li Haijun , Yan Raoyu , Chen Weiqing , Ding Xiaofei , Liu Jiaming , Chen Guang , Zhao Qunfeng , Tang Yiping , Lv Siye , Liu Shuangchun , Yu Ying
Published: April 2020

Malignant gliomas are a heterogeneous group of brain tumors with a poor prognosis, which is largely due to its aggressive invasiveness and angiogenesis. In recent years, it has been found that multiple long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in a wide range of biological functions including angiogenesis through the regulation of gene expression in cancers. In this study, we investigate and report the novel role of lncRNA SLC26A4‐AS1 in gliomas, with a novel mechanism involving transcription factors NFKB1 and NPTX1. We determined that SLC26A4‐AS1 was downregulated in human glioma tissues and cells. Furthermore, overexpression of SLC26A4‐AS1 or NPTX1 restrained the aggressiveness of glioma cells and their pro‐angiogenic ability. SLC26A4‐AS1 was also found to upregulate NPTX1 by recruiting NFKB1 into the NPTX1 promoter. Moreover, silencing of either NPTX1 or NFKB1 restored the aggressive and pro‐angiogenic properties of glioma cells in the presence of SLC26A4‐AS1. Taken together, we demonstrate that SLC26A4‐AS1 promotes NPTX1 transcriptional activity by recruiting NFKB1 and thus exerting antiangiogenic effects on glioma cells. This study provides an experimental basis for the intervention of SLC26A4‐AS1 in the treatment of gliomas.
Film and Video
Authors: Pedersen Lene
Published: April 2020

Film reviewed in this issue.

Tajen multimodal. 2019.
A Common Food Glycan, Pectin, Shares an Antigen with Streptococcus pneumoniae Capsule
Authors: Nahm Moon H. , Yu Jigui , Vlach Jiri , Bar-Peled Maor
Published: April 2020

The impact of food consumption on vaccine responses is unknown.
Streptococcus pneumoniae
(the pneumococcus) is an important human pathogen, and its polysaccharide capsule is used as a vaccine. We show that capsule type 10A in a pneumococcal vaccine shares an antigenic epitope, βGal(1-6), with pectin, which is in many plant foods and is widely consumed. Immune response to 10A is comparable to that seen with other capsule types, and pectin ingestion may have little impact on vaccine responses. However, antibody to pectin can kill serotype 10A pneumococci and this shared epitope may be considered in pneumococcal vaccine designs.
E3 Gene-Based Genetic Characterization of Canine Adenovirus-2 Isolated from Cases of Canine Gastroenteritis in India Revealed a Novel Group of the Virus
Authors: Ramidi Ashwini , Ganji Vishweshwar Kumar , Buddala Bhagyalakshmi , Yella Narasimha Reddy , Manthani Gnana Prakash , Putty Kalyani
Published: April 2020

Canine adenovirus (CAV) circulates as two distinct serotypes, CAV-1 and CAV-2, which are antigenically related but differ in their clinical manifestations. CAV is one of the important viral agents in the etiology of canine gastroenteritis. Here, we report the molecular surveillance and genetic characterization of CAV from clinical cases of canine gastroenteritis. A total of 302 fecal/rectal swabs were collected from dogs presented with gastroenteritis at various clinics in and around Hyderabad, India during 2018–19. These samples were tested for CAV using polymerase chain reaction with primers designed for the CAV E3 gene and the virus was isolated from positive samples. CAV-2 nucleic acid was present in 4.9% of the test samples. The partial sequence analyses of the E3 gene of the CAV-2 isolates revealed a frameshift mutation by insertion of nucleotide “G” at 1077 position of E3 gene, which resulted in an extension of the polypeptide chain by eleven amino acids. As a result, isolates from the current study formed a novel group, and the virus that was previously subdivided into two groups worldwide is now categorized under three. The study identifies a novel group of CAV-2 circulating in India providing an updated information regarding CAV-2.
ЗІБРАННЯ ІНФЕКЦІОНІСТІВ У КРОПИВНИЦЬКОМУ
Authors: Ivakhiv O. L.
Published: April 2020

Описано осінню Всеукраїнську науково-практичну конференцію і пленум Всеукраїнської асоціації інфекціоністів на тему: «Діагностика, лікування і профілактика інфекційних хвороб у період медичної реформи», які відбулися 3-4 жовтня 2019 р. в м. Кропивницький. Стисло наведені виступи доповідачів. Опубліковано рішення форуму.
A khóra e alhures: uma observação sobre a eskhatiá na Electra de Eurípides
Authors: Ribeiro Márcia Cristina Lacerda
Published: April 2020

Eurípides (485 a.C.- 406 a.C.) levou aos palcos do teatro de Atenas uma releitura sui generis do mito de Electra por volta de 415 a.C. O poeta transpôs com engenhosidade toda a trama para o espaço rural e acrescentou um personagem fundamental no desenrolar da peça, o ancião, preceptor de Agamenão.  Expulso da ásty pelo tirano Egisto, o ancião habita o limite fronteiriço da cidade e exerce atividade agropastoril em sua propriedade. Nosso objetivo é examinar a fazendola do fiel servo da família Atrida, localizada em uma eskhatiá. Diferentemente de alguns estudos modernos que veem essas terras limítrofes como improdutivas ou destinadas exclusivamente às atividades marginais, a exemplo da caça e da extração da lenha, ou um apêndice quase isolado da pólis, perfilamos com pesquisas que veem a eskhatiá como espaço integrante da pólis, espaço complexo, plural, muitas vezes absolutamente produtivo
Formal Assessment of Teamwork Among Cancer Health Care Professionals in Three Large Tertiary Centers in Nigeria
Authors: Ibraheem Abiola F. , Giurcanu Mihai , Sowunmi Anthonia Chima , Awolude Olutosin , Habeebu Muhammad , Popoola Abiodun , Sanni Felix , Agaga Luther A. , Olopade Olufunmilayo , Polite Blase N.
Published: April 2020

PURPOSE

There are strategies to bring quality cancer care to underserved patients, but poor use of the principles of teamwork is a major barrier to achieving quality services. The intent of this study was to assess teamwork as perceived by health care workers caring for patients with cancer.

METHODS

We conducted a survey among health care professionals in cancer care at 3 tertiary centers in southwestern Nigeria from July to November 2016. Respondents rated teamwork using the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire; we focused on the teamwork climate subscale comparing health care providers and institutions using analysis of variance and on collaboration using logistic regression.

RESULTS

Three hundred seventy-three professionals completed the survey: 177 physicians (47%), 51 nurses (14%), 21 pharmacists (6%), 31 laboratory technicians (8%), and 88 others (24%); 5 (1%) participants had missing professional information. The average teamwork climate score across all professionals in the study was 70.5 (SD = 24.2). Pharmacists rated the teamwork climate the lowest, with a mean score of 63.9 (SD = 29.5); nurses and laboratory technicians rated teamwork higher, with means of 74.5 (SD = 21.7) and 74.2 (SD = 27.1), respectively; and physicians rated teamwork 66.0 (SD = 23.6). Collaboration with other health care providers was reported as poorer by physicians compared with nurses and pharmacists.

CONCLUSION

Although overall teamwork scores were consistent with ambulatory studies in the United States, important subgroup variations provide targets for intervention. Physicians rated collaboration as poor both intra- and interprofessionally. Pharmacists rated interprofessional teamwork with nurses as poor. Efforts to transform cancer care must focus on building trust among the key stakeholders. This is critical in low-resource settings, which must maximize the use of limited resources to improve patient outcomes.
Analysis of psychiatric consultations in the department of neurology and stroke unit: diagnosis and therapy
Authors: Chmiela Tomasz , Piekarz Paweł , Łabuz-Roszak Beata , Warchala Anna , Krzystanek Ewa , Gorzkowska Agnieszka
Published: April 2020

Cel pracy

Cel badania: Celem badania była analiza konsultacji psychiatrycznych u pacjentów Oddziału Neurologii i Oddziału Udarowego (ON/OU) w latach 2017-2018.

Metoda

Dokonano retrospektywnej analizy konsultowanych psychiatrycznie chorych, ustalanych przez konsultanta rozpoznań (wg ICD-10) oraz zalecanej terapii.

Wyniki

W analizowanym okresie odbyło się we wszystkich oddziałach szpitala 719 konsultacji psychiatrycznych, zdecydowana większość, tj. 488 (67,87%) odbyła się w oddziale neurologii i oddziałem udarowym. Najwięcej porad psychiatry wymagali pacjenci z rozpoznaniem choroby Huntingtona (n=25; 37,31%), choroby Parkinsona (n=60; 23,9%) oraz padaczki (n=40; 22,73%). Najczęściej stawianą diagnozą były psychiczne zaburzenia organiczne (n=229; 55,85%), a w szczególności organiczne zaburzenia nastroju (n=73; 14,96%) i organiczne zaburzenia lękowe (n=32; 6,56%), zaś w chorobach naczyniowych - zaburzenia świadomości w przebiegu majaczenia (n=30; 40,54%). Większość konsultacji (n=388; 79,51%) zakończyła się rozpoczęciem lub modyfikacją leczenia farmakologicznego. Grupami najczęściej zalecanych leków były neuroleptyki (n=174; 35,66%), w większości atypowe (n=152; 87,36%), oraz leki przeciwdepresyjne (n=230; 47,13%), w większości SSRI (n=216; 93,91%). U pacjentów >60 r.ż. w porównaniu z chorymi <60 r.ż częściej rozpoznawano zaburzenia organiczne (n=179; 66,30% vs. n=49; 35,0%) i częściej zalecano neuroleptyki (n=131; 42,12% vs. n=44; 24,86%).

Wnioski

Pacjenci oddziału neurologii i oddziału udarowego byli najczęściej konsultowaną psychiatrycznie grupą chorych. Optymalizacja opieki nad osobą ze schorzeniem neurologicznym wymaga ścisłej współpracy neurologa i psychiatry oraz opracowania i aktualizacji wspólnych stanowisk dla postępowania w wybranych jednostkach chorobowych.
Uma entrevista com Emanuel Dias
Authors: Porto Gabriela , Dias Emanuel
Published: April 2020

Professor Adjunto de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Bucomaxilofacial – Universidade de Pernambuco.
» Chefe do Setor de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Bucomaxilofacial – Hospital Universitário Oswaldo Cruz.
» Ex-Reitor da Universidade de Pernambuco (1999-2006).
» Ex-Presidente do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Bucomaxilofacial (2001-2003).
» Ex-Vice-Presidente do Conselho Federal de Odontologia (CFO) (2008-2012).
» Ex-Presidente da Comissão de Ensino do Conselho Federal de Odontologia (CFO) (2003-2013).
» Professor dos Programas de Mestrado, Doutorado e Pós-Doutorado da Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE).
CONDITIONS AND BACKGROUND OF CREATING A SOCIO-CULTURAL CLUSTER
Authors: Khmyrova-Pruel Irina
Published: April 2020

In modern conditions, the cluster is increasingly occupying a sociocultural space. A cluster refers to many different structures; and the mechanisms that support the clustering processes are determined by a general nature and combine fairly traditional policies for the development of society. In prac-tice, cluster policy can be unpredictable. Therefore, the formation of a cluster concept as a scientific and practically proven approach should be preceded by an understanding of this concept and all that is associated with it phenomena. The relevance of the article is due to the problem of understanding the phenomenon of the cluster in the sociocultural space. To solve this problem, it was necessary to analyze the historical background and conditions for the emergence of a socio-cultural cluster.
Effects of Statin Treatment on Patients with Angina and Normal or Nearly Normal Angiograms
Authors: Manfrini Olivia , Amaduzzi Peter , Bergami Maria , Cenko Edina
Published: April 2020

This article offers an updated and comprehensive overview of major findings on the effects of statin treatment in patients with chronic angina but without any epicardial coronary artery with obstructive lesion.