bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indirect inguinal hernia with uterine tissue in a male: A case of persistent Mullerian duct syndrome and literature review
Authors: Ahdoot Michael , Qadan Motaz , Santa-Maria Monica , Kennedy II William A. , Ilano Aaron
Published: April 2013

A 32-year-old male presenting with a direct inguinal hernia was found to have uterine tissue extending through the inguinal canal, warranting a diagnosis of persistent Mullerian duct syndrome (PMDS). PMDS is an extremely rare form of internal male pseudo-hermaphroditism in which female internal sex organs, including the uterus, cervix and proximal vagina, persist in a 46XY male with normal external genitalia. The condition results from a congenital insensitivity to anti-Mullerian hormone, or lack of anti-Mullerian hormone, leading to persistence of the female internal sex organsin a male. Clinically, this condition is associated with cryptochoridism. Controversy persists regarding the appropriate treatment of PMDS, since resection of the remnant structures is associated with potential morbidity, but retention risks development of occasional malignancies. We review the literature and discuss various aspects of pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of PMDS.
Laparoscopy, dorsal lumbotomy and flank incision live donor nephrectomy: comparison of donor outcomes
Authors: Samarasekera Dinesh , Kim David S.H. , Wang Rachel , Yip Gordon , Tang Steven S. , Nguan Christopher
Published: April 2013

Background: Flank incision (FL), dorsal lumbotomy (DL) and laparoscopic surgery have been effective approaches to donor nephrectomy. While laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) has becomeincreasingly popular, there has yet to be a direct comparison of the three modalities.Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of FL, DL and LDN operations between 2002 and 2010 within a single institution. Donor and recipient characteristics, as well as surgical outcomes, were assessed.Results: There were 496 donor nephrectomy operations available for analyses. Patients in the LDN group had the lowest estimated blood loss, compared to the DL and FL groups (p < 0.001), lowest rate of complications (p < 0.01), and shortest hospital stay (p < 0.0001). Donors who underwent DL used an average of 60.12 ± 5.0 mg of morphine, which was significantly less thanthat used by patients in the LDN (93.2 mg, p < 0.0001) and FL (111.82 mg, p < 0.001) groups. Mean serum creatinine of recipientsat day 1 post-op was the highest in the FL group (p < 0.0001 FL vs. LDN, p < 0.001 FL vs. DL), but there were no significant differences between the three groups at 2 weeks, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months post-operation (p > 0.45).Conclusions: Although a lower pain experience of LDN was not indicated, the use of LDN should be favoured over DL and FL as it is associated with fewer complications, and shorter length of stay.Of note, DL appears to be associated with higher complications and is likely not a preferred option for donor nephrectomy.
Ambulant monitoring of bladder oxygenation and hemodynamics using wireless near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Macnab Andrew John , Shadgan Babak , Stothers Lynn , Afshar Kourosh
Published: April 2013

Introduction: Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) non-invasively detects changes in the concentration of the chromophores oxygenated (ΔO2Hb) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (ΔHHb) as the bladder detrusor muscle contracts during voiding. Such data provide novel information on bladder oxygenation and hemodynamics. We evaluated the feasibility of monitoring ambulant subjects using a wireless NIRS device.Methods: The wireless device uses paired light-emitting diodes (wavelengths 760 and 850 nm) and a silicon photodiode detector. We monitored 14 asymptomatic subjects (10 adults, 4 children) and 6 symptomatic children with non-neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) during spontaneous voiding after natural filling. The device was taped to the abdominal skin 2 cm above the symphysis pubis across the midline. The wireless NIRS data (patterns of change in chromophore concentration) were compared between subjects and to the data obtained using a laser-powered instrument.Results: Graphs of ΔO2Hb, ΔHHb and total hemoglobin (ΔtHb) were obtained from all 20 patients. Data during uroflow showed reproducible patterns of bladder chromophore change between asymptomatic subjects (rise in ΔtHb/ΔO2Hb), consistent with laser instrument data. In contrast, all 6 symptomatic children had a negative trend in ΔtHb, with falls in ΔO2Hb. One adult experienced “shy” bladder and changes in hemodynamics/oxygenation occurred while bladder volume was unchanged.Conclusions: Wireless NIRS bladder monitoring is feasible in ambulant adults and children; wireless and laser-derived data in asymptomaticsubjects are comparable. Pilot data suggest that subjects with symptomatic NLUTD have impaired bladder oxygenation/hemodynamics. The fact that chromophore changes occur when bladder volume remains constant supports the concept that NIRS data are a physiologic measure.
Elastic and Annihilation Solitons of the (3+1)-Dimensional Generalized Shallow WaterWave System
Authors: Ma Song-Hua , Fang Jian-Ping , Wu Hong-Yu
Published: April 2013

With the help of the symbolic computation system Maple, the mapping approach, and a linear variable separation method, a new exact solution of the (3+1)-dimensional generalized shallow water wave (GSWW) system is derived. Based on the obtained solitary wave solution, some novel soliton excitations are investigated.
Paradigm Diagnostics Salmonella Indicator Broth (PDX-SIB) for Detection of Salmonella on Selected Environmental Surfaces
Authors: Olstein Alan , Griffith Leena , Feirtag Joellen , Pearson Nicole
Published: April 2013

The Paradigm Diagnostics Salmonella Indicator Broth (PDX-SIB) is intended as a single-step selective enrichment indicator broth to be used as a simple screening test for the presence of Salmonella spp. in environmental samples. This method permits the end user to avoid multistep sample processing to identify presumptively positive samples, as exemplified by standard U. S. reference methods. PDX-SIB permits the outgrowth of Salmonella while inhibiting the growth of competitive Gram-negative and -positive microflora. Growth of Salmonella- positive cultures results in a visual color change of the medium from purple to yellow when the sample is grown at 37 ± 1°C. Performance of PDX-SIB has been evaluated in five different categories: inclusivity-exclusivity, methods comparison, ruggedness, lot-to-lot variability, and shelf stability. The inclusivity panel included 100 different Salmonella serovars, 98 of which were SIB-positive during the 30 to 48 h incubation period. The exclusivity panel included 33 different non- Salmonella microorganisms, 31 of which were SIB-negative during the incubation period. Methods comparison studies included four different surfaces: S. Newport on plastic, S. Anatum on sealed concrete, S. Abaetetuba on ceramic tile, and S. Typhimurium in the presence of 1 log excess of Citrobacter freundii. Results of the methods comparison studies demonstrated no statistical difference between the SIB method and the U. S. Food and Drug Administration-Bacteriological Analytical Manual reference method, as measured by the Mantel-Haenszel Chi-square test. Ruggedness studies demonstrated little variation in test results when SIB incubation temperatures were varied over a 34–40°C range. Lot-to-lot consistency results suggest no detectable differences in manufactured goods using two reference Salmonella serovars and one non-Salmonella microorganism.
Detection of Caffeine in Tea, Instant Coffee, Green Tea Beverage, and Soft Drink by Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART) Source Coupled to Single-Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhao Pengyue , Zhang Fengzu , Bai Aijuan , Pan Canping
Published: April 2013

Ambient ionization direct analysis in real time (DART) coupled to single-quadrupole MS (DART-MS) was evaluated for rapid detection of caffeine in commercial samples without chromatographic separation or sample preparation. Four commercial samples were examined: tea, instant coffee, green tea beverage, and soft drink. The response-related parameters were optimized for the DART temperature and MS fragmentor. Under optimal conditions, the molecular ion (M+H)+ was the major ion for identification of caffeine. The results showed that DART-MS is a promising tool for the quick analysis of important marker molecules in commercial samples. Furthermore, this system has demonstrated significant potential for high sample throughput and real-time analysis.
Determination of Antimycin-A in Water by Liquid Chromatographic/Mass Spectrometry: Single-Laboratory Validation
Authors: Bernardy Jeffry A , Hubert Terrance D , Ogorek Jacob M , Schmidt Larry J
Published: April 2013

An LC/MS method was developed and validated for the quantitative determination and confirmation of antimycin-A (ANT-A) in water from lakes or streams. Three different water sample volumes (25, 50, and 250 mL) were evaluated. ANT-A was stabilized in the field by immediately extracting it from water into anhydrous acetone using SPE. The stabilized concentrated samples were then transported to a laboratory and analyzed by LC/MS using negative electrospray ionization. The method was determined to have adequate accuracy (78 to 113% recovery), precision (0.77 to 7.5% RSD with samples ≥500 ng/L and 4.8 to 17% RSD with samples ≤100 ng/L), linearity, and robustness over an LOQ range from 8 to 51 600 ng/L.
La biographie en histoire culturelle
Authors: Bertho Lavenir Catherine
Published: April 2013

Cet article pose la question des rapports particuliers entre histoire culturelle et projet biographique. Il explore les différents liens entre les deux domaines. Les textes relevant de l’écriture de soi sont des sources privilégiées de la biographie. Ces sources doivent être réintégrées dans leur contexte culturel pour être bien comprises. L’auteur d’un journal intime, d’une correspondance ou d’un journal de voyage se décrit et décrit le monde qui l’entoure avec les outils mentaux et stylistiques qui lui ont été fournis par son éducation, son milieu, sa génération. La question du genre est centrale dans cette perspective. Par ailleurs, ces sources décrivent des pratiques qui appartiennent à l’histoire culturelle dans ses différentes dimensions. Elles donnent des éclairages originaux sur la vie culturelle envisagée au sens étroit du terme (lecture, théâtre, vie musicale), mais aussi sur la dimension anthropologique de la culture : de l’éducation des enfants à la sémiologie du costume, et des pratiques de loisir à la vie religieuse.
Journaux personnels des filles de Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau (1855-1876). Une première approche
Authors: Mathieu Jocelyne
Published: April 2013

Le fonds Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau, premier premier ministre du Québec (1867-1873), déposé aux Archives de l’Université Laval, comprend une série intitulée « Les femmes de la famille P.-J.-O. Chauveau » dans laquelle sont rassemblés les journaux personnels de ses filles Flore, Éliza, Henriette et Honorine, entre les années 1855 et 1876. Ces journaux – dits intimes – relatent certains événements et témoignent de la vie familiale et sociale de cette famille bourgeoise ayant vécu à Québec et à Montréal. Ce texte est une première approche des journaux de ces jeunes filles ; il s’attarde d’abord à la pratique de l’écriture d’un journal « intime », le déménagement de la famille de Québec à Montréal alors que Chauveau est nommé surintendant de l’Instruction publique au Bas-Canada ; au journal de voyage d’Éliza en séjour de vacances chez les Papineau ; et au récit, à posteriori, des derniers jours de la mère, Marie-Louise-Flore Masse-Chauveau, par la cadette de ses filles, Honorine.
Britannisme et américanité de Louis-Joseph Papineau à l’époque du deuxième projet d’Union (1822-1823)
Authors: Lamonde Yvan
Published: April 2013

Vue sous l’angle de l’évolution de la pensée politique de Papineau, l’hypothèse de Louis-Georges Harvey selon laquelle le projet d’union de 1822 a été sous-estimé dans l’historiographie québécoise et canadienne au profit de celui de 1840, prend un relief indubitable.

Le séjour de Papineau à Londres avec John Neilson pour mener une opposition à ce projet d’union du Haut et du Bas-Canada lui fait découvrir un « pays de paradoxes » plus aristocratique que démocratique. Il y découvre pour sa gouverne personnelle que ce qu’il admire dans « les libertés anglaises », c’est la Chambre des Communes, le principe électif, qui est aussi celui de la Chambre d’assemblée du Bas-Canada. Il constate encore que ce que vise le projet d’union, c’est le contrôle de cette Chambre d’assemblée par une minorité.

Papineau revient critique des « libertés anglaises » et curieux des libertés états-uniennes, de la république voisine où prévaut le principe d’éligibilité.

Non seulement son opposition au projet de 1822 informera celle du projet de 1840, mais les années 1820 (discours sur la mort de George III) à 1826 lui font perdre ses illusions sur l’Angleterre et contribuent à façonner son admiration pour la démocratie. C’est ainsi que Papineau transforme son britannisme en républicanisme et que ce passage explique sur le plus long terme ses idées d’après 1840 que Jonathan Livernois et moi avons mises au jour dans Papineau. Erreur sur la personne (2012).
Mechanical and thermal properties of bio‐based CaCO3/soybean‐based hybrid unsaturated polyester nanocomposites
Authors: Hassan Tarig A. , Rangari Vijaya K. , Jeelani Shaik
Published: April 2013

Bio‐based calcium carbonate nanoparticles (CaCO3) were synthesized via size reduction of eggshell powder using mechanical attrition followed by high intensity ultrasonic irradiation. The transmission electron microscopic (TEM) and BET surface area measurements show that these particles are less than 10 nm in size and a surface area of ∼44 m2/g. Bio‐based nanocomposites were fabricated by infusion of different weight fractions of as‐prepared CaCO3 nanoparticles into Polylite® 31325‐00 resin system using a non‐contact Thinky® mixing method. As‐prepared bio‐nanocomposites were characterized for their thermal and mechanical properties. TEM studies showed that the particles were well dispersed over the entire volume of the matrix. Thermal analyses indicated that the bio‐nanocomposites are thermally more stable than the corresponding neat systems. Nanocomposite with 2% by weight loading of bio‐CaCO3 nanoparticles exhibited an 18°C increase in the glass transition temperature over the neat Polylite 31325 system. Mechanical tests have been carried out for both bio‐nanocomposites and neat resin systems. The compression test results of the 2% Bio‐CaCO3/Polylite 31325 nanocomposite showed an improvement of 14% and 27% in compressive strength and modulus respectively compared with the neat system. Details of the fabrication procedure and thermal and mechanical characterizations are presented in this article. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 1442–1452, 2013
Enhanced foamability of isotactic polypropylene composites by polypropylene‐graft‐carbon nanotube
Authors: Chen Chen , Pang Huan , Liu Zhong , Li Yu‐Bao , Chen Yan‐Hui , Zhang Wei‐Qin , Ji Xu , Tang Jian‐Hua
Published: April 2013

In this article, utilizing a nucleophilic substitution reaction between epoxy group in polypropylene‐graft‐glycidyl methacrylate (PP‐g‐GMA) and carboxyl groups in oxidized carbon nanotubes (O‐CNTs), PP‐g‐CNT was fabricated for reinforcing the interfacial adhesion between CNTs and polypropylene (PP) matrix, favoring the enhancement of melt strength and elastic modulus, i.e., enhancing the foaming ability of PP composites. Cellular structure and thermo‐mechanical properties of PP foams were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and dynamic mechanical analysis, respectively. The average cell diameter of PP foams decreased from 289.2 (PP‐g‐GMA) to 96.7 μm (PP‐g‐CNT foams with 2.0 wt % O‐CNT) and the distribution of cell size also became more uniform. The storage modulus of PP‐g‐CNT foams increased by nearly 62.5% at −40°C, compared with that of PP‐g‐GMA foams. This work also provided a new procedure for improving the foam ability and thermo‐mechanical property of PP composites. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 961‐968, 2013
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATIONS OF TWO CYTOCHROME P450 GENES ENCODING CYP6A41 AND CYP6EK1 FROM THE ORIENTAL FRUIT FLY, Bactrocera dorsalis (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE)
Authors: Huang Yong , Jiang Hong‐Bo , Shen Guang‐Mao , Dou Wei , Wang Jin‐Jun
Published: April 2013

Two P450 genes encoding CYP6A41 and CYP6EK1 were cloned from the oriental fruit fly using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) techniques. CYP6A41 and CYP6EK1 contained open reading frames of 1,530 and 1,524 nucleotides that encode 510 and 508 amino acid residues, respectively. The putative proteins shared 44% identity with each other. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CYP6A41 and CYP6EK1 were most closely related to Ceratitis capitata CYP6A10 and CYP6A subfamily. Expression patterns of the two genes in different geographical populations (Yunnan, Hainan, Dongguang, and Guangzhou), developmental stages (eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults), and tissues (midguts, fat bodies, and Malpighian tubules) were analyzed by real‐time quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) methods. The results showed that the expression levels of CYP6EK1 were significantly different among the four populations, but were not different for CYP6A41. Both the expressions of CYP6A41 and CYP6EK1 were development specific and had significantly higher levels in the larval stage. The expression of CYP6A41 did not vary among the midgut, fat body, or Malpighian tubules; however, CYP6EK1 expression was higher in the Malpighian tubules. The results suggest that CYP6A41 and CYP6EK1 might be involved in detoxification of xenobiotic compounds that were harmful to larval flies or development. Moreover, high expression of CYP6EK1 in the Malpighian tubules also implied participation in detoxification.
Are alternative metrics still alternative?
Authors: Buschman Mike , Michalek Andrea
Published: April 2013

Editor's Summary

Since the 1960s citation counts have been the standard for judging scholarly contributions and status, but growing awareness of the strategy's limitations should lead to acceptance of alternative metrics. Citation analysis drawbacks include lack of timeliness, self citation and citations that are superfluous, negative and incomplete, and traditional counts reflect only a small fraction of actual usage. A better categorization of scholarly impact would cover usage, captures, mentions and social media in addition to citations. Metrics should include mentions in blogs and other nontraditional formats, open review forums, electronic book downloads, library circulation counts, bookmarks, tweets and more. Such alternative metrics provide a more complete view of peer response to scholarly writings and better demonstrate the relative position of a research grant applicant and potential for influential work. Altmetrics are readily available, and their value for evaluating scholarly work should be recognized.
Cyclical mechanical stretch enhances degranulation and IL‐4 secretion in RBL‐2H3 mast cells
Authors: Komiyama Hidenori , Miyake Koichi , Asai Kuniya , Mizuno Kyoichi , Shimada Takashi
Published: April 2013

Mast cells are widely distributed in the body and affect their surrounding environment through degranulation and secretion of cytokines. Conversely, mast cells are influenced by environmental stimuli such as cyclical mechanical stretch (CMS), such as that induced by heartbeat and respiration. Peripherally distributed mast cells are surrounded by extracellular matrix, where they bind IgE on their surface by expressing the high‐affinity Fc receptor for IgE (FcεRI), and they release mediators after cross‐linking of surface‐bound IgE by allergen. To analyse how CMS affects mast cell responses, we examined the effect of applying CMS on the behaviour of IgE‐bound mast cells (RBL‐2H3 cell line) adhering to fibronectin as a substitute for extracellular matrix. We found that CMS enhanced FcεRI‐mediated secretion in the presence of antigen (2,4‐dinitrophenol–bovine serum albumin). CMS increased expression of IL‐4 mRNA and secretion of IL‐4 protein. Western blot analysis showed that CMS changes the signal transduction in mitogen‐activated protein kinases and AKT, which in turn alters the regulation of IL‐4 and increases the secretion of IL‐4. These results suggest that CMS modulates the effect of mast cells on inflammation and resultant tissue remodelling. Understanding how CMS affects mast cell responses is crucial for developing therapies to treat mast cell‐related diseases. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transforming International Education Through Institutional Capacity Building
Authors: Bermingham Jack , Ryan Margaret
Published: April 2013

This chapter is a story about one community college and how it transformed itself through comprehensive internationalization within the context of globalization.
Biocatalytic Production of Chemical Building Blocks in Technical Scale with α‐Ketoglutarate‐Dependent Dioxygenases
Authors: Hüttel Wolfgang
Published: April 2013

Due to the low reactivity of CH bonds and often low regio‐ and stereoselectivities, CH activations rank among the most challenging reactions in synthetic organic chemistry. In contrast, in nature CH functionalizations are integral part of numerous biosyntheses, especially of secondary metabolites. In aerobic organisms these reactions are typically catalyzed by oxygenases, among which the cytochrome P450 monooxygenases are the most prominent. A second large group are the α‐ketoglutarate‐ (αKG) dependent dioxygenases, whose enormous synthetic potential has been discovered only recently. Although the utilization of oxygenases for organic synthesis is most desirable, their technical application is limited, because they are usually difficult to process. With αKG‐dependent dioxygenases some of the problems can be reduced or even avoided. In this article some prominent examples for approaches with αKG‐dependent dioxygenases are reviewed and efforts to engineer a deacetoxycephalosporin synthase are discussed.
Heart Transplantation and Left Ventricular Assist Device Therapy: Two Comparable Options in End‐Stage Heart Failure?
Authors: Garbade Jens , Barten Markus J. , Bittner Hartmuth B. , Mohr Friedrich‐Wilhelm
Published: April 2013

Heart transplantation is the only curative therapy for chronic heart failure, and it plays an important role in the treatment of chronic heart failure with a survival rate of approximately 50% of all patients after 10 years. This has to be kept in mind when alternative therapies enter into our daily routine in treating this patient population. However, the shortage of appropriate donor organs and the expanding pool of patients waiting for heart transplantation have led to growing interest in alternative strategies, particularly in left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy. With growing clinical experience and continued technical advances, continuous‐flow pumps are evolving as a bridge to transplantation or as a destination therapy for advanced heart failure. Nevertheless, the importance of this new indication of chronic cardiac support compared to heart transplantation is still completely open and the object of controversial ongoing discussion. This review (1) describes the clinical use and long‐term outcome of a currently available miniaturized LVAD in the context to the standard of care—heart transplantation, (2) provides an outlook of the ongoing process of further optimization of LVADs, and (3) comments on the challenges with assist devices as alternatives to transplantation with a 5‐year outlook.
Use of Mosses as Biomonitors of Major, Minor and Trace Element Deposition Around the Largest Thermal Power Plant in Serbia
Authors: Ćujić Mirjana , Dragović Snežana , Sabovljević Marko , Slavković‐Beškoski Latinka , Kilibarda Milan , Savović Jelena , Onjia Antonije
Published: April 2013

The survey results of an atmospheric deposition of major, minor and trace elements using the moss biomonitoring technique are given for the vicinity of the largest thermal power plant in Serbia. The mosses of genus Brachythecium sp. and species Kindbergia praelonga (Hedw) Ochyra, both pleurocarpous, were favoured. The concentrations of 22 elements were determined in moss samples using different spectrometric techniques depending on the sensitivity needed. Elevated concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Hg, Ni and V were found in the vicinity of the thermal power plant. The results obtained were chemometrically treated by cluster analysis, which grouped the elements into three clusters based on common patterns in their concentrations.
Solid‐pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas: Awareness of unusual clinical presentations and morphology of the clear cell variant can prevent diagnostic errors
Authors: Zhao Po , deBrito Pedro , Ozdemirli Metin , Sidawy Mary K.
Published: April 2013

Solid‐pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) of the pancreas is a rare neoplasm predominantly reported in young women. It classically presents as a large tumor with cystic and solid components. The major differential diagnosis includes pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PanNET). This study presents our experience with this tumor with emphasis on the morphologic features of the clear cell variant of SPN. Fifteen histologically confirmed SPN were identified in our files. Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspirations (EUS‐guided FNA) were performed in 8/15 cases. Patients' demographics, cytohistologic correlation and tumor characteristics were evaluated. Eleven of the 15 subjects were female and four were male with an age range of 17–73 years. Twelve SPN were located in the pancreatic body/tail, and three in the head. Tumor size ranged from 1.5 to 8.5 cm and 11 were solid. Of the eight EUS‐guided FNA, four were diagnosed as SPN, two as SPN vs. PanNET, one as malignant with signet ring features, and one was nondiagnostic. Immunohistochemistry was performed on six/eight FNA cell blocks and 13/15 surgical specimens. Two of the 15 cases were classified as clear cell variants of SPN. Our study shows that SPN may occur in males and older adults, and present as a small or solid tumor. The clear cell variant of SPN, characterized by vacuolated cytoplasm and signet cell morphology, may pose a diagnostic challenge on FNA. Awareness of the wide spectrum of SPN clinical presentations, the morphology of its clear cell variant and the appropriate use of ancillary immunohistochemistry can prevent diagnostic errors. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013;41:889–895. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phenol Decomposition by Pulsed‐Discharge Plasma Above a Water Surface in Oxygen and Argon Atmosphere
Authors: Shiota Haruki , Itabashi Hideyuki , Satoh Kohki , Itoh Hidenori
Published: April 2013

By‐products from phenol by the exposure of pulsed‐discharge plasma above a phenol aqueous solution are investigated by gas chromatography mass spectrometry, and the decomposition process of phenol is deduced. When Ar is used as a background gas, catechol, hydroquinone, and 4‐hydroxy‐2‐cyclohexene‐1‐one are produced, and no O3 is detected; therefore, active species such as OH, O, HO2, H2O2, which are produced from H2O in the discharge, can convert phenol into those by‐products. When O2 is used as a background gas, formic acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, and 4,6‐dihydroxy‐2,4‐hexadienoic acid are produced in addition to catechol and hydroquinone. O3 is produced in the discharge plasma, so that phenol is probably decomposed into 4,6‐dihydroxy‐2,4‐hexadienoic acid by 1,3‐dipolar addition reaction with O3, and then 4,6‐dihydroxy‐2,4‐hexadienoic acid can be decomposed into formic acid, maleic acid, and succinic acid by a 1,3‐dipolar addition reaction with O3. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 184(1): 1–9, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22419
Expanded Triphyrin Derived from a Carbacorrole Architecture
Authors: Pawlicki Miłosz , Kędzia Aneta , Szterenberg Ludmiła , Latos‐Grażyński Lechosław
Published: April 2013

The reactivity of a furan entrapped in a macrocycle leads to the formation of an [18]triphyrin(4.1.1) structure. Oxidative transformation of the final molecule gives two rigid lactams presenting structural factors of optically active compounds.
Deletion of the cell adhesion adaptor protein vinculin disturbs the localization of GFAP in Bergmann glial cells
Authors: Winkler Ulrike , Hirrlinger Petra G. , Sestu Marcello , Wilhelm Franziska , Besser Stefanie , Zemljic‐Harpf Alice E. , Ross Robert S. , Bornschein Grit , Krügel Ute , Ziegler Wolfgang H. , Hirrlinger Johannes
Published: April 2013

Astrocytes operate in close spatial relationship to other cells including neurons. Structural interaction is controlled by a dynamic interplay between actin‐based cell motility and contact formation via cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix adhesions. A central player in the control of cell adhesion is the cytoskeletal adaptor protein Vinculin. Incorporation of Vinculin affects mechanical properties and turnover of cell adhesion sites. To study the in vivo function of Vinculin in astrocytes, a mouse line with astrocyte specific and inducible deletion of vinculin was generated. Deletion of vinculin decreased the expression of the glial acidic fibrillary protein (GFAP) in Bergmann glial cells in the cerebellum. In addition, localization of GFAP to Bergmann glial endfeet was disturbed, indicating a role for vinculin in controlling its expression and localization. In contrast, vimentin expression, morphology, activation state and polarity of the targeted cells as well as the localization of the extracellular matrix protein laminin was not compromised. Furthermore, stab wound lesions were performed in the cerebellar cortex. In both wildtype and vinculin knockout mice GFAP expression was upregulated in Bergmann glial cells of the lesioned area with no differences observed between genotypes in expression and localization of GFAP. These results propose a selective requirement for vinculin in cellular events related to cell adhesion in vivo. As in vitro data suggested a major role for vinculin in the control of the cytoskeletal connection affecting mechanical stability and cell motility, our data add a note of caution to the extrapolation of in vitro data to in vivo function.
Internal Audit: A New Lens for Cost Management
Authors: Friedman Mark , Akaaboune Ouadie , Margolis Donna M.
Published: April 2013

The authors of this article see internal audit as a within‐firm tool that provides a new lens for cost management. Today, the role that the internal audit function plays in improving firm performance is being redefined. In part, this is because in today's fast‐paced economy, decisions are made quickly, and businesses need to draw on all of their resources to achieve competitive advantage. And, say the authors, the internal audit function is a natural fit for assisting in this newfound role—more than any other function in the organization. Internal audit will prove to be very useful as cost management takes an increasingly central role in strategy development. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
SEC Issues in 2013
Authors: Ciesielski Jack T. , Weirich Thomas R.
Published: April 2013

The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants held its annual “Current SEC & PCAOB Developments Conference” in Washington, D.C., in the first week of December 2012. A dominant theme was why accounting convergence has not happened yet. Attention was also paid to other international affairs, like the failure of firms to provide the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) with access to workpapers on audits of Chinese companies under investigation for accounting malfeasance. And on the very first day of the conference, the SEC announced the beginning of proceedings against the Big Four firms plus BDO for failure to cooperate. The authors of this article report in depth on this and other conference issues. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Detection and typing of common human papillomaviruses among Jordanian patients
Authors: Al Bdour Suzan , Akkash Laith , Shehabi Asem A.
Published: April 2013

The epidemiology of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) genotype distribution of cutaneous warts in Jordanian patients were studied. A total of 200 samples were collected using skin swabs from patients with warts attending the dermatology clinic at the Jordan University Hospital over the period of June 2010 to October 2010. Another 100 control samples were taken from healthy Jordanian individuals with no current or previous history of warts. DNA extraction and sequencing was carried out using PCR with the FAP primer pair to detect HPV DNA, followed by multiple‐type‐specific (Multiplex) PCR combined with DNA sequencing. The prevalence of HPV among Jordanian patients tested with warts diagnosed clinically was 82% (157/192); of these 45% (87/192) were detected by FAP PCR method, and 37% (70/192) were detected by multiplex PCR method. Sequencing of the FAP positive samples shows that HPV 2 was associated with the highest prevalence (36%), followed by HPV 27 (28%) and HPV 57 (21%). A total of 6% of healthy persons were positive for HPV DNA. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that alpha HPV types (HPV 2, HPV 27, and HPV 57) are associated with the most prevalent cutaneous warts in Jordanian patients J. Med. Virol. 85: 1058–1062, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
TiO2‐g‐TEMPO. A Theoretical and Experimental Study
Authors: Nieto‐López I. , Sanchez‐Vazquez M. , Bonilla‐Cruz J.
Published: April 2013

An experimental and theoretical study to functionalize the surface of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NPTiO2) with 2,2,6,6,tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxyl (TEMPO) in one step of synthesis using oxoammonium salts is presented. A general reaction mechanism to obtain functionalized nanoparticles (NPTiO2‐g‐TEMPO) is proposed, in which a peroxide bond (Ti‐O‐O‐N) between (Ti‐OH) and TEMPO is formed. Furthermore, Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations in combination with the 6–31 + G(d) basis set, performed on the NPTiO2‐g‐TEMPO surface interaction, suggest the formation and stability of the new peroxide bond. Thus, the (O‐O) bond dissociation energy was calculated in 28.18 kcal/mol. Also, the maximum amount of TEMPO molecules bonded on the titanium surface was estimated by Molecular Mechanics (MM +) in 4 molecules/nm2. TGA and FTIR support our findings
Low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 1 variant interacts with saturated fatty acids in puerto ricans
Authors: Smith Caren E. , Tucker Katherine L. , Lee Yu‐Chi , Lai Chao‐Qiang , Parnell Laurence D. , Ordovás José M.
Published: April 2013

Objective:

Low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 1 (LRP1) is a multifunctional endocytic receptor that is highly expressed in adipocytes and the hypothalamus. Animal models and in vitro studies support a role for LRP1 in adipocyte metabolism and leptin signaling, but genetic polymorphisms have not been evaluated for obesity in people.

Design and Methods:

We examined whether dietary fats (eg., saturated, polyunsaturated) modulated the association of LRP1 rs1799986 with anthropometric traits. We studied a population‐based sample of Puerto Ricans (n = 920, aged 45–74 y) living in the Boston area.We examined whether dietary fats (eg., saturated, polyunsaturated) modulated the association of LRP1 rs1799986 with anthropometric traits. We studied a population‐based sample of Puerto Ricans (n = 920, aged 45–74 y) living in the Boston area.

Results:

In multivariable linear regression models, we dichotomized saturated fat intake and found significant interaction terms between total saturated fatty acids and LRP1 rs1799986 genotype for BMI (P=0.006) and hip (P = 0.002). High intake of saturated fat was associated with higher BMI (P = 0.001), waist (P = 0.008) and hip (P=0.003) in minor allele carriers (CT+TT) compared to CC participants. Further analysis of dichotomized individual saturated fatty acids revealed that interactions were strongest for two individual longer chain fatty acids. High intake of palmitic acid (C16:0; P = 0.0007) and high stearic acid intake (C18:0; P = 0.005) were associated with higher BMI in T carriers. Interactions were not detected for polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Conclusions:

Gene–diet interactions at the LRP1 locus support the hypothesis that susceptibility to weight gain based on saturated fatty acids is modified by genotype and possibly by chain length. These results may facilitate the development of a panel of genetic candidates for use in optimizing dietary recommendations for obesity management.
Tissue specificity in fasting glucose utilization in slightly obese diabetic patients submitted to bariatric surgery
Authors: Morbelli Silvia , Marini Cecilia , Adami Gian Franco , Kudomi Nobuyuki , Camerini Giovanni , Iozzo Patricia , Massollo Michela , Capitanio Selene , Bodrato Samanta , Verardi Maria Teresa , Papadia Francesco , Cordera Renzo , Knuuti Juhani , Scopinaro Nicola , Sambuceti Gianmario
Published: April 2013

Objective:

The present study was planned to investigate, by means of quantitative FDG‐PET, how bariatric surgery (BS) modifies the metabolic pattern of the whole body and different tissues in slightly obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Design and Methods:

Before, 1 and 4 months after BS, 21 consecutive slightly obese T2DM patients underwent blood sampling to estimate plasma levels of glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin. At the same time points, these patients underwent a dynamic 18F‐FDG PET study of thorax and upper abdomen in fasting state and after washout of T2DM therapy. Gjedde‐Patlak analysis was applied to estimate glucose uptake in the whole body and in different tissues (myocardium, skeletal back muscle, adipose tissue, and liver).

Results:

Surgical intervention quickly lowered levels of both insulin and glucose documenting an amelioration of glucose tolerance. Similarly, skeletal muscle and myocardial glucose uptake significantly increased soon after surgery (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01 at 1 month versus baseline, respectively) and remained substantially stable thereafter. By contrast, glucose uptake slightly decreased from its baseline values in the liver (P < 0.01 at 4 months) while no response could be documented over time in the adipose tissue.

Conclusions:

These findings document that BS‐induced modification of glucose homeostasis in slightly obese T2DM patients is mostly due to an increase in muscle glucose consumption. The surgically modified metabolic pattern of these patients might be of interest as a new model to investigate mechanism underlying insulin resistance.
Neuropsychiatric symptoms in a patient with primary antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Stanley Karen , Ghosh Ratna
Published: April 2013

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an immune disorder that commonly manifests with a variety of CNS effects. Here, the authors present the case of a patient with primary APS who presented with epileptic seizures, psychosis, depression and anxiety.
Identification of sanguinarine metabolites in pig liver preparations by accurate mass measurements using electrospray ionization hybrid ion trap/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Hua‐Hai , Wu Yong , Sun Zhi‐Liang , Liu Zhao‐Ying
Published: April 2013

RATIONALE

Sanguinarine (SA) is currently used in veterinary medicine for animal husbandry as a natural component of feed additive Sangrovit. To date, SA metabolism in food‐producing animals has not yet been reported. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the metabolism of SA in pig liver microsomes and cytosol.

METHODS

The SA incubations mixtures of microsomes and cytosol were processed by trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and acetonitrile. Then, the samples were analyzed using a sensitive and reliable method based on liquid chromatography combined with hybrid ion trap/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LC‐IT/TOFMS). The structural elucidations of these metabolites were performed by comparing the changes in the accurate molecular masses and product ions generated from precursor ions with those of the parent drug.

RESULTS

Seven metabolites were identified in pig liver preparations. Dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA, m/z 334) was the main metabolite formed in liver microsomes and the only one in cytosol. One oxidative metabolite and two O‐demethylenated metabolites of SA (m/z 320) were found in the TCA‐treated microsomal samples. However, SA pseudobase and two additional O‐demethylenated metabolites of DHSA (m/z 322) were found only in the acetonitrile‐treated microsomal samples.

CONCLUSIONS

It was demonstrated that different metabolites of SA were identified depending on the acidic or neural extraction conditions. A metabolic pathway of SA in pig was tentatively proposed based on these characterized metabolites and early reports. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Update in polycystic ovary syndrome: new criteria of diagnosis and treatment in Japan
Authors: Kubota Toshiro
Published: April 2013

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most frequent endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. In 2006 the Japanese Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (JSOG) proposed new, revised diagnostic criteria that in the future could also be valued internationally. Based on the new diagnostic criteria, the JSOG has also proposed the revised treatment criteria in 2008. In PCOS obese patients desiring children, weight loss and exercise is recommended. Nonobese patients, or those obese women who do not ovulate after lifestyle changes, are submitted to ovulation‐induction therapy with clomiphene citrate (CC). Obese CC‐resistant patients who have impaired glucose tolerance or insulin resistance are treated with a combination of metformin and CC. If these treatments options are unsuccessful, ovulation induction with exogenous gonadotropin therapy or laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) is recommended. A low‐dose step‐up regimen is recommended with careful monitoring in order to reduce the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and multiple pregnancies. Alternatively, with LOD high successful pregnancy rates of around 60 % are expected with a low risk of multiple pregnancies. If ovulation induction is unsuccessful, IVF‐ET treatment is indicated. In high OHSS‐risk patients, systematic embryo freezing and subsequent frozen embryo transfer cycles are recommended. In nonobese, anovulatory PCOS patients not desiring children, pharmacological treatments such as Holmström, Kaufmann regimens or low‐dose oral anticonceptives are used to induce regular withdrawal bleeding. These treatments are especially important for preventing endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer. These new diagnostic and treatment criteria hopefully will contribute to an improved care of PCOS patients in Japan.
Effect of release rate and enantiomeric composition on response to pheromones of Megaplatypus mutatus (Chapuis) in poplar plantations of Argentina and Italy
Authors: Funes Hernán , Zerba Eduardo , Gonzalez-Audino Paola
Published: April 2013

Megaplatypus mutatus (=Platypus sulcatus Chapuis) is an Ambrosia beetle native to South America, which was recently introduced in Italy and its presence there is causing severe damage to the local poplar plantations. The male M. mutatus pheromone is composed of (S)-(+)-6-methyl-5-hepten-2-ol [(+)-sulcatol], 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (sulcatone) and 3-pentanol. A series of field trials testing dose, blend and enantiomer composition performed in Argentina and Italy evaluated attraction and found that the optimal release rate of pheromone components as baits in cross vane baited traps (CIPEIN-CV) was 6, 6 and 30 mg day−1 of sulcatone, (+)-sulcatol and 3-pentanol, respectively. It was also determined that racemic sulcatol is as effective as the pure (+)-isomer for the purpose of beetle catch, due to the inert nature of the (−)-isomer allowing the usage of low cost racemic sulcatol instead of highly expensive (+)-sulcatol. The results of our work contribute to the development of pheromone-based local technologies with low environmental impact and low cost for control or monitoring of an important pest.
Cinematic “Pas de Deux”: The Dialogue between Maya Deren's Experimental Filmmaking and Talley Beatty's Black Ballet Dancer in A Study in Choreography for Camera (1945)
Authors: DURKIN HANNAH
Published: April 2013

A Study in Choreography for Camera (1945) is a collaborative enterprise between avant-garde filmmaker Maya Deren and African American ballet dancer Talley Beatty. Study is significant in experimental film history – it was one of three films by Deren that shaped the emergence of the postwar avant-garde cinema movement in the US. The film represents a pioneering cross-cultural and cross-disciplinary dialogue between Beatty's ballet dancing and Deren's experimental cinematic technique. The film explores complex emotional experiences through a cinematic re-creation of Deren's understanding of ritual (which she borrowed from Katherine Dunham's Haitian experiences after spending many years documenting vodou) while allowing a leading black male dancer to display his artistry on-screen. I show that cultures and artistic forms widely dismissed as incompatible are rendered equivocal. Study adopts a stylized and rhythmic technique borrowed from dance in its attempt to establish cinema as “art,” and I foreground Beatty's contribution to the film, arguing that his technically complex movements situate him as joint author of its artistic vision. The essay also explores tensions between the artistic intentions of Deren, who sought to deprivilege the individual performer in favour of the filmic “ritual,” and Beatty, who sought to display his individual skills as a technically accomplished dancer.
Stomach contents of a sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) stranded in Italy (Ligurian Sea, north-western Mediterranean)
Authors: Garibaldi Fulvio , Podestà Michela
Published: April 2013

The stomach contents of a male sperm whale,Physeter macrocephalus, stranded on Forte dei Marmi beach (Italy, Ligurian Sea) were examined. Food items consisted exclusively of cephalopod hard parts: 233 upper and 291 lower beaks and one fish eye lens. The majority of the identified cephalopod beaks belonged toHistioteuthis bonnellii, but a few beaks ofGaliteuthis armataandOctopoteuthissp. were also found. A new beak size–cephalopod size regression was created forH. bonnelliiwith specimens caught in the study area. Reconstructed prey weight for the species was much higher when applying this new regression instead of Clarke's, highlighting the need for area- and species-specific regressions for dietary studies. Our analysis represents the second report on the stomach contents of sperm whales from the Mediterranean and the first available information for the Western basin.