bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Super-Resolution Microscopy: A Technique to Revolutionize Research and Diagnosis of Glomerulopathies
Authors: Siegerist Florian , Drenic Vedran , Koppe Thor-Magnus , Telli Nihal , Endlich Nicole
Published: December 2022

Background: For decades, knowledge about glomerular (patho)physiology has been tightly linked with advances in microscopic imaging technology. For example, the invention of electron microscopy was required to hypothesize about the mode of glomerular filtration barrier function. Summary: Super-resolution techniques, defined as fluorescence microscopy approaches that surpass the optical resolution limit of around 200 nm, have been made available to the scientific community. Several of these different techniques are currently in use in glomerular research. Using three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy, the exact morphology of the podocyte filtration slit can be morphometrically analyzed and quantitatively compared across samples originating from animal models or human biopsies. Key Messages: Several quantitative image analysis approaches and their potential influence on glomerular research and diagnostics are discussed. By improving not only optical resolution but also information content and turnaround time, super-resolution microscopy has the potential to expand the diagnosis of glomerular disease. Soon, these approaches could be introduced into glomerular disease diagnosis.
Epileptic Encephalopathy with Variants in the PHACTR1 and AFF2 Genes: A Case Report
Authors: Suarez-Mendez Marlen Lizeth , Ramirez-Cheyne Julian , Arango-Aguirre Andres , Rojas-Ceron Christian Andres , López-Alvarez Diana , Pachajoa-Londoño Harry Mauricio
Published: December 2022

Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 70 (DEE70) is an epileptic encephalopathy associated with multiple neurological abnormalities and global developmental delay, among other characteristics. It has recently been established that it is caused by a heterozygous variant of the PHACTR1 gene, with currently four cases reported in the literature. This article presents a case report of a patient with DEE70 with a heterozygous variant in the PHACTR1 gene, who also presents a hemizygous variant in the AFF2 gene, associated with FRAXE syndrome. A phenotypic comparison is made between this case and the four other previously reported cases with variants in the PHACTR1 gene. In addition, the possible participation of the PHACTR1 and AFF2 genes in the clinical characteristics of the individual is discussed.
Poeta e soldado: Manuel Bandeira, leitor de Camões
Authors: Anan Sylvia Tamie
Published: December 2022

Desde os primórdios de sua poesia, Manuel Bandeira tomou alguns poetas da tradição de língua portuguesa como referência e fonte de inspiração. Em Itinerário de Pasárgada, o poeta narra em detalhes as leituras e reflexões feitas durante o seu período de formação, muitas das quais giram em torno de procedimentos e recursos literários que também ajudaram a questionar os preceitos de versificação da escola parnasiana então predominantes na literatura brasileira. Entre esses poetas, Camões se destaca como o grande modelo do qual seria possível extrair lições, mais do que modelos fixos, que se manifestam no soneto publicado em A Cinza das Horas, dedicado pelo jovem Bandeira ao poeta quinhentista.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Clinical Diagnosis of Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Crousillat Daniela R. , Amponsah Daniel K. , Camacho Alexander , Kandanelly Ritvik R. , Bapat Devavrat , Chen Chen , Selberg Alexandra , Shaqdan Ayman , Tanguturi Varsha K. , Picard Michael H. , Hung Judy W. , Elmariah Sammy
Published: December 2022

Background

Racial and ethnic minority groups are underrepresented among patients undergoing aortic valve replacement in the United States. We evaluated the impact of race and ethnicity on the diagnosis of aortic stenosis (AS).

Methods and Results

In patients with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE)‐confirmed AS, we assessed rates of AS diagnosis as defined by assignment of an
International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD‐9)
and
Tenth Revision (ICD‐10)
code for AS within a large multicenter electronic health record. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard and competing risk regression models were used to evaluate the 1‐year rate of AS diagnosis by race and ethnicity. Among 14 800 patients with AS, the 1‐year diagnosis rate for AS following TTE was 37.4%. Increasing AS severity was associated with an increased likelihood of receiving an AS diagnosis (moderate: hazard ratio [HR], 3.05 [95% CI, 2.86–3.25];
P
<0.0001; severe: HR, 4.82 [95% CI, 4.41–5.28];
P
<0.0001). Compared with non‐Hispanic White, non‐Hispanic Black (HR, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.54–0.77];
P
<0.0001) and non‐Hispanic Asian individuals (HR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.57–0.90],
P
=0.004) were less likely to receive a diagnosis of AS. Additional factors associated with a decreased likelihood of receiving an AS diagnosis included a noncardiology TTE ordering provider (HR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.86–0.97];
P
=0.005) and TTE performed in the inpatient setting (HR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.66–0.78];
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions

Rates of receiving an
ICD
diagnostic code for AS following a diagnostic TTE are low and vary significantly by race and ethnicity and disease severity. Further studies are needed to determine if efforts to maximize the clinical recognition of TTE‐confirmed AS may help to mitigate disparities in treatment.
N
‐nitrosodimethylamine‐Contaminated Valsartan and Risk of Cancer: A Nationwide Study of 1.4 Million Valsartan Users
Authors: Mansouri Imène , Botton Jeremie , Semenzato Laura , Haddy Nadia , Zureik Mahmoud
Published: December 2022

Background

Since July 2018, numerous lots of valsartan have been found to be contaminated with
N
‐nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). We aimed to assess the association between exposure to valsartan products contaminated with NDMA and the risk of cancer.

Methods and Results

This study was based on data from the Système National des Données de Santé, which is a national database that includes all French residents' health‐related expenses. The target population was consumers of valsartan between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2017, aged between 40 and 80 years old. The association of exposure to contaminated valsartan with the occurrence of any malignancy and cancer by location was evaluated by fitting Cox proportional hazards models weighted by the inverse probability of treatment. A total of 1.4 million subjects without any history of cancer were included. A total of 986 126 and 670 388 patients were exposed to NDMA‐contaminated and uncontaminated valsartan, respectively. The use of the NDMA‐contaminated valsartan did not increase the overall risk of cancer (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.99 [95% CI, 0.98–1.0]). However, exposed patients had a higher risk of liver cancer (aHR, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.04–1.22]) and melanoma (aHR, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.03–1.18]). We estimated a mean of 3.7 and 5.8 extra cases per year per 100 000 person‐years of liver cancer and melanoma, respectively.

Conclusions

Our study was the largest to date to examine cancer risks associated with exposure to NDMA‐contaminated valsartan. Our findings suggest a slight increased risk of liver cancer and melanoma in patients exposed to NDMA in regularly taken medications.
PVECs‐Derived Exosomal microRNAs Regulate PASMCs via FoxM1 Signaling in IUGR‐induced Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Luo Xiaofei , Hang Chengcheng , Zhang Ziming , Le Kaixing , Ying Yuhan , Lv Ying , Yan Lingling , Huang Yajie , Ye Lixia , Xu Xuefeng , Zhong Ying , Du Lizhong
Published: December 2022

Background

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is closely related to systemic or pulmonary hypertension (PH) in adulthood. Aberrant crosstalk between pulmonary vascular endothelial cells (PVECs) and pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) that is mediated by exosomes plays an essential role in the progression of PH. FoxM1 (Forkhead box M1) is a key transcription factor that governs many important biological processes.

Methods and Results

IUGR‐induced PH rat models were established. Transwell plates were used to coculture PVECs and PASMCs. Exosomes were isolated from PVEC‐derived medium, and a microRNA (miRNA) screening was proceeded to identify effects of IUGR on small RNAs enclosed within exosomes. Dual‐Luciferase assay was performed to validate the predicted binding sites of miRNAs on FoxM1 3’ untranslated region. FoxM1 inhibitor thiostrepton was used in IUGR‐induced PH rats. In this study, we found that FoxM1 expression was remarkably increased in IUGR‐induced PH, and PASMCs were regulated by PVECs through FoxM1 signaling in a non‐contact way. An miRNA screening showed that miR‐214‐3p, miR‐326‐3p, and miR‐125b‐2‐3p were downregulated in PVEC‐derived exosomes of the IUGR group, which were associated with overexpression of FoxM1 and more significant proliferation and migration of PASMCs. Dual‐Luciferase assay demonstrated that the 3 miRNAs directly targeted FoxM1 3’ untranslated region. FoxM1 inhibition blocked the PVECs‐PASMCs crosstalk and reversed the abnormal functions of PASMCs. In vivo, treatment with thiostrepton significantly reduced the severity of PH.

Conclusions

Transmission of exosomal miRNAs from PVECs regulated the functions of PASMCs via FoxM1 signaling, and FoxM1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target in IUGR‐induced PH.
Association Between Stroke Presentation During Off‐Hours and Mechanical Thrombectomy
Authors: Bouslama Mehdi , Navi Babak B. , Mir Saad , Parikh Neal S. , Liberman Ava L. , Kamel Hooman
Published: December 2022

Background

Access to mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in the United States remains limited. Given potential staffing challenges, we hypothesized that access to thrombectomy would be worse off hours.

Methods

We used 2016 to 2018 all‐payer claims data from all nonfederal emergency departments and acute care hospitals across 11 US states encompassing 80 million residents. Using recorded arrival times, hospital presentation was classified as on hours if it fell between 8:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. on weekdays and as off hours otherwise. We examined the association between off‐hours arrival and MT using multiple adjusted logistic regression models. In a subset of patients with available National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale data, we performed a sensitivity analysis limited to patients who presented to a thrombectomy hub with a probable large‐vessel occlusion, defined as a documented National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≥12, and underwent intravenous thrombolysis. Similar analyses were performed to assess MT odds during extreme off hours, defined as midnight to 6:00 a.m., compared to 8:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m.

Results

Among 169 199 patients with ischemic stroke, the 82 784 (48.9%) who presented during off hours more often presented to thrombectomy hubs and teaching hospitals and more often received intravenous thrombolysis. Among 31 148 patients with documented National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores, those presenting off hours had higher scores (4 [interquartile range, 2–10] versus 2 [interquartile range, 1–9];
P
<0.001). There were no differences between groups in rates of MT (3.4% on hours versus 3.5% off hours;
P
=0.25). In adjusted models, off‐hours presentation was not significantly associated with lower odds of MT (odds ratio [OR], 0.94; [95% CI, 0.85–1.03]). Our findings were similar in a sensitivity analysis limited to patients with a probable large‐vessel occlusion who initially presented to a thrombectomy hub and underwent intravenous thrombolysis (OR, 0.87; [95% CI, 0.69–1.09]). Extreme off‐hours presentation was associated with a lower likelihood of MT (OR, 0.83; [95% CI, 0.75–0.93]).

Conclusion

In a large, population‐based sample of ischemic stroke patients across the United States, the odds of MT were similar during on and off hours. Extreme off hours seem to be associated with decreased access to treatment.
Association Between Race and Length of Stay Among Stroke Patients: The National US Emergency Departments Data Set
Authors: Patel Karan , Taneja Kamil , Wolfe Jared , Campellone Joseph V. , Farooqui Mudassir , Ortega‐Gutierrez Santiago , Siegler James E.
Published: December 2022

Background

There remain ongoing racial and ethnic disparities in care and outcomes among stroke patients treated in the United States. However, length of stay and inpatient charges warrant further evaluation.

Methods

The 2019 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample, which includes data from roughly 20% of US emergency departments, was queried for patients with cerebral infarction. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of prolonged length of hospital stay (>75th percentile) and inpatient charges among various race andethnic groups, including income and insurance status, age, modified Charlson Comorbidity Index, vascular risk factors, and delivery of thrombolysis and thrombectomy.

Results

Of 617 946 estimated patients with acute ischemic stroke, 398 661 (65.5%) were >65 years, and 386 096 (63.5%) were Medicare beneficiaries. Lower income and Medicaid or self‐pay status were more commonly observed in Black and Hispanic versus White patients (P<0.001). In multivariable regression, Black patients were more likely to have a prolonged length of stay (odds ratio 1.41, [95% CI 1.28–1.55]) compared with White patients. Prolonged length of stay was inversely related to income, but there was no significant interaction between race and income bracket (P>0.05). Prolonged length of stay was also associated with Medicaid (versus Medicare), higher modified Charlson Comorbidity Index, thrombolysis, and thrombectomy (P<0.05). Race was not independently associated with higher inpatient charges.

Conclusion

These results build on prior population‐based studies that indicate ongoing disparities in stroke care based on differences in socioeconomic status and race, but no difference in inpatient charges. Disposition delays may be due to clinical severity or access to rehabilitation facilities.
On determining the sensitivity and specificity of a new diagnostic test through comparing its results against a non-gold-standard test
Authors: Habibzadeh Farrokh
Published: December 2022

IntroductionChylous abdominal effusions are serious complications that can be triggered by various aetiologies. The biochemical diagnosis of chyle leakage in ascites or in peritoneal fluid capsules relies on the detection of chylomicrons. Assaying the fluid’s concentration of triglycerides is still the first-line tool. Given that only one comparative study has sought to quantify the value of the triglyceride assay for diagnosing chylous ascites in humans, our objective was to provide practical triglyceride thresholds.
Materials and methodsWe conducted a 9-year, retrospective, single-centre study of adult patients and compared a triglyceride assay with lipoprotein gel electrophoresis for the analysis of 90 non-recurring abdominal effusions (ascites and abdominal collections) of which 65 were chylous.
ResultsA triglyceride threshold of 0.4 mmol/L was associated with a sensitivity > 95%, and a threshold of 2.4 mmol/L was associated with a specificity > 95%. According to Youden index, the best threshold was 0.65 mmol/L with a sensitivity of 88 (77-95)%, a specificity of 72 (51-88)%, and, in our series, a positive predictive value of 89 (79-95)% and a negative predictive value of 69 (48-86)%.
ConclusionsIn our series, cut-off of 0.4 mmol/L could be used for ruling-out diagnosis of chylous effusions, while cut-off of 2.4 mmol/L could be used for reasonably confirming diagnosis.
Association of serum ADMA, SDMA and L-NMMA concentrations with disease progression in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Haşimi Adnan , Doğan Özlem , Serdar Ceyhan Ceran , Serdar Muhittin A.
Published: December 2022

IntroductionThis study determines and compares the concentrations of arginine and methylated arginine products ((asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), n-monomethyl-1-arginine (L-NMMA) and homoarginine (HA)) for assessment of their association with disease severity in serum samples of COVID-19 patients.
Materials and methodsSerum arginine and methylated arginine products of 57 mild-moderate and 29 severe (N = 86) COVID-19 patients and 21 controls were determined by tandem mass spectrometry. Moreover, the concentrations of some of the routine clinical laboratory parameters -neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), C-reactive protein, ferritin, D-dimer, and fibrinogen measured during COVID-19 follow-up were also taken into consideration and compared with the concentrations of arginine and methylated arginine products.
ResultsSerum ADMA, SDMA and L-NMMA were found to be significantly higher in severe COVID-19 patients, than in both mild-moderate patients and the control group (P < 0.001 for each). In addition, multiple logistic regression analysis indicated L-NMMA (cut-off =120 nmol/L OR = 34, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.5-302.0, P= 0.002), CRP (cut-off = 32 mg/L, OR = 37, 95% CI = 4.8-287.0, P < 0.001), and NLR (cut-off = 7, OR = 22, 95% CI = 1.4-335.0, P = 0.020) as independent risk factors for identification of severe patients.
ConclusionsThe concentration of methylated arginine metabolites are significantly altered in COVID-19 disease. The results of this study indicate a significant correlation between the severity of COVID-19 disease and concentrations of CRP, NLR and L-NMMA.
Detection of macroenzymes
Authors: Vermeersch Pieter , Frans Glynis , Dedeene Lieselot , Stockman Marie , Steels Sophie
Published: December 2022

IntroductionThe presence of macroenzymes in blood can cause diagnostic confusion. Therefore, confirming the presence of macroenzymes is important to reduce unnecessary (non-)invasive investigations. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation is a simple and fast first-line method for the detection of macroenzymes. However, there is no consensus on the upper reference limit for the PEG-precipitable activity (%PPA) of monomeric enzymes. The aim of this study was to verify a PEG precipitation protocol for the detection of macroenzymes in our laboratory by establishing upper reference limits (URLs) and determining imprecision for eight enzymes after PEG precipitation. In addition, we aimed to clinically verify the URLs using samples containing macroenzymes as identified by electrophoresis.
Materials and methodsPer enzyme, at least 40 leftover blood samples from adult patients with either normal or increased enzyme activities were diluted 1:1 with 25% PEG 6000 and 1:1 with 0.9% NaCl. Mixtures were incubated for 10 min at 37°C and centrifuged. Supernatant enzyme activity was measured on Cobas c702 and the %PPA was calculated.
ResultsThe following URLs were obtained: 26% PPA for amylase, 29% PPA for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 61% PPA for alanine aminotransferase, 48% PPA for aspartate aminotransferase, 24% PPA for creatine kinase (CK), 55% PPA for gamma-glutamyltransferase, 65% PPA for lactate dehydrogenase, and 56% PPA for lipase. The within-lab imprecision was < 15%. Regarding the clinical verification, the two historical samples with proven macroCK showed a %PPA of 69% and 43%, respectively, and a sample with proven macroALP had a %PPA of 52%.
ConclusionIn this study, URLs for monomeric enzyme activities after PEG precipitation for eight different enzymes were established. The URLs are suitable for clinical use, but are only partially in line with other studies. Therefore, our data highlight the importance of establishing laboratory-specific upper reference limits for %PPA to allow a correct interpretation.
Reversible atransferrinemia in a patient with chronic enteropathy
Authors: Manceau Hana , Peoc’h Katell , Puy Hervé , Bruneel Arnaud , Raynor Alexandre , Stefanescu Carmen
Published: December 2022

Herein, we report the case of a 42-year-old woman, hospitalized in a French tertiary hospital for a relapse of a chronic enteropathy, who was found on admission to have no detectable serum transferrin. Surprisingly, she only exhibited mild anaemia. This atransferrinemia persisted for two months throughout her hospitalization, during which her haemoglobin concentration remained broadly stable. Based on her clinical history and evolution, we concluded to an acquired atransferrinemia secondary to chronic undernutrition, inflammation and liver failure. We discuss the investigations performed in this patient, and hypotheses regarding the relative stability of her haemoglobin concentration despite the absence of detectable transferrin.
Out of the Gate, But Not Necessarily Teaching: A Descriptive Portrait of Early Career Earnings for Those Who Are Credentialed to Teach
Authors: Goldhaber Dan , Krieg John M. , Liddle Stephanie , Theobald Roddy
Published: December 2022

Prior work on teacher candidates in Washington State has shown that about two thirds of individuals who trained to become teachers between 2005 and 2015 and received a teaching credential did not enter the state's public teaching workforce immediately after graduation, while about one third never entered a public teaching job in the state at all. In this analysis, we link data on these teacher candidates to unemployment insurance data in the state to provide a descriptive portrait of the future earnings and wages of these individuals inside and outside of public schools. Candidates who initially became public school teachers earned considerably more, on average, than candidates who were initially employed either in other education positions or in other sectors of the state's workforce. These differences persisted ten years into the average career and across transitions into and out of teaching. There is therefore little evidence that teacher candidates who did not become teachers were lured into other professions by higher compensation. Instead, the patterns are consistent with demand-side constraints on teacher hiring during this time period that resulted in individuals who wanted to become teachers taking positions that offered lower wages but could lead to future teaching positions.
Independency of Coding for Affective Similarities and for Word Co-occurrences in Temporal Perisylvian Neocortex
Authors: Liuzzi Antonietta Gabriella , Meersmans Karen , Storms Gerrit , De Deyne Simon , Dupont Patrick , Vandenberghe Rik
Published: December 2022

Word valence is one of the principal dimensions in the organization of word meaning. Co-occurrence-based similarities calculated by predictive natural language processing models are relatively poor at representing affective content, but very powerful in their own way. Here, we determined how these two canonical but distinct ways of representing word meaning relate to each other in the human brain both functionally and neuroanatomically. We re-analysed an fMRI study of word valence. A co-occurrence-based model was used and the correlation with the similarity of brain activity patterns was compared to that of affective similarities. The correlation between affective and co-occurrence-based similarities was low (r = 0.065), confirming that affect was captured poorly by co-occurrence modelling. In a whole-brain representational similarity analysis, word embedding similarities correlated significantly with the similarity between activity patterns in a region confined to the superior temporal sulcus to the left, and to a lesser degree to the right. Affective word similarities correlated with the similarity in activity patterns in this same region, confirming previous findings. The affective similarity effect extended more widely beyond the superior temporal cortex than the effect of co-occurrence-based similarities did. The effect of co-occurrence-based similarities remained unaltered after partialling out the effect of affective similarities (and vice versa). To conclude, different aspects of word meaning, derived from affective judgements or from word co-occurrences, are represented in superior temporal language cortex in a neuroanatomically overlapping but functionally independent manner.
Zipfian Distributions in Child-Directed Speech
Authors: Lavi-Rotbain Ori , Arnon Inbal
Published: December 2022

Across languages, word frequency and rank follow a power law relation, forming a distribution known as the Zipfian distribution. There is growing experimental evidence that this well-studied phenomenon may be beneficial for language learning. However, most investigations of word distributions in natural language have focused on adult-to-adult speech: Zipf’s law has not been thoroughly evaluated in child-directed speech (CDS) across languages. If Zipfian distributions facilitate learning, they should also be found in CDS. At the same time, several unique properties of CDS may result in a less skewed distribution. Here, we examine the frequency distribution of words in CDS in three studies. We first show that CDS is Zipfian across 15 languages from seven language families. We then show that CDS is Zipfian from early on (six-months) and across development for five languages with sufficient longitudinal data. Finally, we show that the distribution holds across different parts of speech: Nouns, verbs, adjectives and prepositions follow a Zipfian distribution. Together, the results show that the input children hear is skewed in a particular way from early on, providing necessary (but not sufficient) support for the postulated learning advantage of such skew. They highlight the need to study skewed learning environments experimentally.
Anatomical redescription of Aplysia (Aplysia) nigra and Aplysia (Varria) inca (Mollusca: Heterobranchia) with comments on Aplysia from Peru
Authors: MENDIVIL ALEJANDRO , CARDOSO FRANZ
Published: December 2022

During the past century eight species of sea hares of the genus Aplysia were recorded from Peru. However, there is disagreement about how many of these species are valid and their taxonomy needs to be critically evaluated. Based on detailed morphological examinations, this study presents a redescription of Aplysia nigra d’Orbigny, 1837 and Aplysia inca d’Orbigny, 1837, the most common species of Aplysia along the Peruvian coast. They showed consistent morphological differences, mainly in the foot, parapodia development, opaline gland, jaws, radular teeth and penial morphology. Anatomical data for both species are provided for the first time, as well as a comparison with other species of Aplysia reported for the Eastern Pacific. The records of Aplysia keraudreni Rang, 1828, Aplysia dactylomela Rang, 1828 and Aplysia juliana Quoy & Gaimard, 1832 for Peruvian waters are likely erroneous and need to be verified based on collected specimens.
The Varying Earth’s Radiative Feedback Connected to the Ocean Energy Uptake: A Theoretical Perspective from Conceptual Frameworks
Authors: Jiménez-de-la-Cuesta Diego
Published: December 2022

When quadrupling the atmospheric CO2 concentration in relation to preindustrial levels, most global climate models show an initially strong net radiative feedback that significantly reduces the energy imbalance during the first two decades after the quadrupling. Afterward, the net radiative feedback weakens, needing more surface warming than before to reduce the remaining energy imbalance. Such weakening radiative feedback has its origin in the tropical oceanic stratiform cloud cover, linked to an evolving spatial warming pattern. In the classic linearized energy balance framework, such variation is represented by an additional term in the planetary budget equation. This additional term is usually interpreted as an ad hoc emulation of the cloud feedback change, leaving unexplained the relationship between this term and the spatial warming pattern. I use a simple nonlinearized energy balance framework to justify that there is a physical interpretation of this term: the evolution of the spatial pattern of warming is explained by changes in the ocean’s circulation and energy uptake. Therefore, the global effective thermal capacity of the system also changes, leading to the additional term. In reality, the clouds respond to what occurs in the ocean, changing their radiative effect. In the equation, the term is now a concrete representation of the ocean’s role. Additionally, I derive for the first time an explicit mathematical expression of the net radiative feedback and its temporal evolution in the linearized energy balance framework. This mathematical expression supports the new proposed interpretation. As a corollary, it justifies the 20-yr time scale used to study the variation of the net radiative feedback.

Significance Statement

Linearized energy balance models have helped the study of Earth’s radiative response. However, the present linear models are at the edge of usefulness to get more insights. In this work, I justify that part of the nonlinearity in the radiative response can be explained without peculiar atmospheric radiative feedback mechanisms or a nonlinearity in the radiative response. Instead, the concept of an evolving thermal capacity recovers the ocean’s role in redistributing the energy, changing the spatial warming pattern, and, finally, altering the atmospheric feedback mechanisms. This work also justifies the time scales used in the field for studying the variation of the net radiative feedback.
Deep Margins Melanoma: How Deep Is Deep Enough?
Authors: Burger Megan L. , Haggerty James M. , Wang Shengxuan , Oxenberg Jacqueline C.
Published: December 2022

Background

Wide excision (WE) to muscular fascia for invasive melanoma is common practice but excision to subcutaneous tissue may be adequate. We evaluated practice patterns regarding depth of biopsy and excision as well as risks for recurrence.

Methods

Retrospective review of patients with pT1-4 melanoma (cN0) treated with WE at a single institution was performed. Patient factors were evaluated. Biopsy and excision techniques were compared to pathology and reviewed for recurrence.

Results

385 patients from 2006 to 2020 were included. Lesions were on the extremity (n = 189), head/neck (n = 48), trunk (n = 148). Biopsy techniques included shave (n = 330), excisional (n = 36), punch (n = 10), incisional (n = 9). Deep biopsy margins were positive for IM/melanoma in situ in 139 patients. WE specimens were taken to muscular fascia (n = 218) or mid/deep fat (n = 144). 51 patients had recurrent disease or a new primary lesion: locoregional (n = 31), distant (3), or new lesions (n = 17).

Discussion

Patient characteristics associated with recurrence include older age and female gender. Tumor characteristics associated with recurrence include lesions located on the trunk, superficial spreading melanoma, ulceration, perineural invasion, and clinical T and P stage. Patients that recurred were more likely to have WE taken to or including muscular fascia. Biopsy type, deep margin on biopsy, and depth of dissection was not associated with recurrence.
Should I Stay or Should I Go? Cognitive Modeling of Left-Turn Gap Acceptance Decisions in Human Drivers
Authors: Zgonnikov Arkady , Abbink David , Markkula Gustav
Published: December 2022

Objective

We aim to bridge the gap between naturalistic studies of driver behavior and modern cognitive and neuroscientific accounts of decision making by modeling the cognitive processes underlying left-turn gap acceptance by human drivers.

Background

Understanding decisions of human drivers is essential for the development of safe and efficient transportation systems. Current models of decision making in drivers provide little insight into the underlying cognitive processes. On the other hand, laboratory studies of abstract, highly controlled tasks point towards noisy evidence accumulation as a key mechanism governing decision making. However, it is unclear whether the cognitive processes implicated in these tasks are as paramount to decisions that are ingrained in more complex behaviors, such as driving.

Results

The drivers’ probability of accepting the available gap increased with the size of the gap; importantly, response time increased with time gap but not distance gap. The generalized drift-diffusion model explained the observed decision outcomes and response time distributions, as well as substantial individual differences in those. Through cross-validation, we demonstrate that the model not only explains the data, but also generalizes to out-of-sample conditions.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that dynamic evidence accumulation is an essential mechanism underlying left-turn gap acceptance decisions in human drivers, and exemplify how simple cognitive process models can help to understand human behavior in complex real-world tasks.

Application

Potential applications of our results include real-time prediction of human behavior by automated vehicles and simulating realistic human-like behaviors in virtual environments for automated vehicles.
Experience of Sexual Violence Among Women of Mexican Heritage Raised in the United States
Authors: Tummala-Narra Pratyusha , Gonzalez Laura D. , Nguyen My Nguyen
Published: December 2022

Sexual violence against women is a significant public health crisis that is understudied among Mexican American communities. Yet, there has been little attention directed to sociocultural factors that shape conceptualizations of and responses to sexual violence among Mexican American women. Guided by an integrative contextual framework, this qualitative study aimed to expand knowledge of how second generation Mexican American women conceptualize, experience, and respond to sexual violence. Semistructured interviews focused on conceptualizations of sexual violence, socialization concerning gender, sex, and sexual violence, experiences, and impact of sexual violence, coping, and help-seeking were conducted with 16 women between 20 and 38 years of age ( M = 27.13). The interview data, analyzed using qualitative conventional content analysis, revealed four broad domains: (a) implicit and explicit messages about sexuality and sexual violence, (b) psychological consequences of sexual violence, (c) barriers to disclosing violence and seeking help, and (d) sources of resilience and healing. Findings indicated that conceptualizations of sexual violence and coping were influenced by complex interactions among several sociocultural contexts, including families, religious and ethnic communities, and the mainstream U.S. context.
Teaching Active Listening and Viewing in the Language Classroom: Subtitling through VisualSubSync
Authors: Wen Ju , Yi Lan
Published: December 2022

The rapid advancement in video technologies in recent years has made the creating and editing of subtitles for a video increasingly feasible. For a long time, however, the pedagogical potentials of subtitling in language teaching and learning have been neglected. To fill this gap, this technology review introduces VisualSubSync, a free and flexible tool for subtitle editing, as a practical instrument to facilitate the teaching of listening and viewing skills. This review first provides an overview of the main features of the software and then discusses the possible benefits it offers to listening and viewing pedagogies in the English-as-a-foreign-language classroom. Finally, the challenges that teachers and learners may face with subtitling are considered.
Singing With the Heavens: How Can Contemporary Sacred Choral Music Be Used to Meet the Liturgical Expectation of UK Charismatic Evangelicals to “Touch Heaven”
Authors: Carswell Calum
Published: December 2022

For centuries, choirs were at the heart of the Church's worship. Yet, despite the UK Charismatic Evangelical movement favoring contemporary worship bands, a question must be asked: What liturgical role could choirs play in modern liturgy to benefit worship? The fundamental aim of this research is to establish what that role could be. By examining how Contemporary Sacred Choral Music (CSCM) could aid in the liturgical expectation of a believer to “touch heaven” in worship, this article suggests how a choir might seek to advance such an expectation. From flexible choral music in the “ministry time” to a CSCM accompaniment during the “time of worship,” specific liturgical roles are set out and examined, detailing how and why a choir would benefit Charismatic Evangelical worship.
Functional Limitations and Psychological Well-Being Among Older Adults in China: The Critical Role of Hukou as a Stratifying Factor
Authors: Miao Jie , Bierman Alex
Published: December 2022

Based on a stress process perspective, this study examines how the hukou system and gender intersect to shape the relationship between functional limitations and psychological well-being in older adults. Using the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study ( N = 17,708 at baseline), analyses are carried out with random- and fixed-effects models. Analyses show that an urban hukou benefits the psychological well-being of Chinese older adults by weakening the relationship between functional limitations and depression, and these differences do not vary significantly between men and women. The relationship between functional limitations and life satisfaction does not differ by hukou region. This study shows that China's household registration system provides an important context for the associations between functional limitations and psychological well-being in later life. The hukou system is an important stratifying agent and should be taken into account in the study of stress and aging in a Chinese context.
Contextual predictors of internalizing and externalizing problems among adolescents from high-achieving private schools in Hong Kong
Authors: Tilley Jacqueline L. , Farver JoAnn M.
Published: December 2022

Emerging research suggests that adolescents at high-achieving schools (HAS) in Western societies are at elevated risk for problem behaviours. This cross-sectional study explored whether adolescents attending HAS in a non-Western setting show similar risk patterns and if contextual (school-, family-, and peer-based) factors typically associated with the excessive pressures to achieve predict these problems. Participants were 237 adolescents (14–18 years old), and one of their parents, who were recruited from high-achieving private schools in Hong Kong. The parent-child dyads completed questionnaires on youth internalizing and externalizing problems and perceived stressors. Multiple linear regressions were conducted to test whether academic demands, parent-related stressors, and social status among peers were associated with youth problem behaviours, after controlling for age and gender. The study found that nearly half of the female adolescents and over a third of the males met borderline-clinical levels (≥ 86%ile) of internalizing problems; moreover, more females than males met clinical criteria (≥ 98%ile) for self-reported externalizing problems and parent-reported internalizing problems. Academic demands, parent-related stressors, and social status among peers predicted youth-reported internalizing problems; and the latter two factors contributed parent-reported internalizing problems. However, only parent-related stressors significantly predicted youth- and parent-reported externalizing problems. The findings provide preliminary indication that HAS adolescents from Hong Kong may be an “at risk” group, highlighting the need for increased awareness and targeted interventions.
Risks and opportunities for children's well-being in resource-constrained multigenerational households during COVID-19: Implications for school psychology interventions
Authors: Mohangi Kamleshie
Published: December 2022

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic had a global impact on family social and economic well-being. Individuals and families sought alternative living arrangements as a result of the financial crisis, health implications, and housing insecurity, with many joining multigenerational households. However, it is unknown how multigenerational family life affects children's well-being. Therefore, this qualitative study explored risks and resilience-building opportunities for children's psychological and social well-being in resource-constrained multigenerational households during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa. Five multigenerational families were selected through snowball sampling and case design. The three generations of participants were grandparents ( n = 5), parents ( n = 7), and children ( n = 4). Data were gathered through a questionnaire and interviews. The study received institutional ethics approval. After thematic analysis, two themes and six sub-themes were identified. Risks were related to interpersonal conflict, family collective fear of COVID-19, and children's multiple other fears. Opportunities were identified as academic support, shared responsibilities, life skills and values acquisition, and family cohesion. Results demonstrated the potential risks and resilience-building opportunities multigenerational households present for children's psychosocial well-being. Multisystemic influences in a multigenerational household contribute to children's adjustment. These outcomes necessitate systemic school psychology interventions. Longitudinal studies are recommended to explore child well-being trends in multigenerational households in varying socioeconomic contexts.
A novel Mahalanobis distance method for predicting oil and gas resource spatial distribution
Authors: Guo Qiulin , Ren Hongjia , Liu Haoyun , Liu Jifeng , Chen Ningsheng , Yu Jingdu
Published: December 2022

Accurate prediction of spatial distribution of petroleum resources is important for petroleum exploration. Mahalanobis distance is a popular and effective method to predict the spatial distribution of oil and gas. However, this method has equal weights for each variable, exaggerates secondary variables, and is prone to misjudge when the distance is close or equal, which impairs the accuracy of classification. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a novel Mahalanobis distance method based on genetic algorithm (GA-MD) to optimize attribute weights. The Sangonghe Formation in the hinterland of the Junggar Basin was used as an example, the validity of GA-MD was evaluated in the exploratory well data set. Compared with the current mainstream methods, the results show that the accuracy of GA-MD method is the highest, and the accuracy is improved by 2–6.2%. The application effect of the proposed method is verified by the prediction result of oil and gas probability map, the GA-MD method not only shows higher oil and gas bearing probability in the reserve areas but also has better trend extrapolation ability compared with other methods. Based on the GA-MD results, the favorable zones with remaining petroleum resources in the Sangonghe Formation in the hinterland of the Junggar Basin were visualized. Three types of favorable oil and gas distribution areas are selected. The favorable areas provide a basis for quantitative decision-making for the optimization of the next drilling strategy and determination of oil and gas exploration deployment direction in the study area.
Setting the Boundaries: Reading 1 Timothy and Titus as Community Charters
Authors: White Adam G.
Published: December 2022

Those attempting to interpret 1 Timothy and Titus face a myriad of uncertainties. No less amongst these is determining the type of the literature that they are. While they are clearly framed as epistles, they do not resemble anything that is known from the Hellenistic literary theorists. What is generally agreed, however, is that the purpose of the two letters is community formation. That is, 1 Timothy and Titus were written to instruct the recipients on various matters of community structure and organisation. Building on this assumption, it is my contention that the two letters share many of the same characteristics as community charters found in similar, contemporary groups. In what follows, 1 Timothy and Titus will be compared side by side with formal charters found in associations as well as in the Essene community, noting the many similarities between them.
The Quartodeciman Question: Johannine Roots of a Christian Controversy
Authors: Schmisek Brian
Published: December 2022

In the ante-Nicene era the Quartodecimans (the “fourteeners”) preserved a tradition that was said to go back to “John.” They commemorated 14 Nisan rather than Easter Sunday, the day that the larger Christian community commemorated as the day of the resurrection. For more than a century now, scholars have addressed the ‘Quartodeciman question,’ defined in various ways but essentially, “What did their observance of 14 Nisan mean? What did it commemorate?” This brief paper offers additional support to arguments posited by others that, as theological descendants of Johannine thought, the Quartodecimans preserved a tradition which commemorated Jesus’ death as the paschal lamb, which was simultaneously a glorification, the exaltation of the Christ.
Profiles of Work and Quality of Life among Young Adult Cancer Survivors
Authors: Ghazal Lauren V. , Merriman John D. , Santacroce Sheila J. , Fletcher Jason , Wright Fay , Dickson Victoria Vaughan
Published: December 2022

Work ability, or the perception of one’s ability to work presently and in the future, may impact quality of life (QOL) among young adult (YA) cancer survivors. Through a convergent mixed methods design, we explored work ability, work-related goals, and QOL among YA hematologic cancer survivors within five years of diagnosis. We described associations at the individual- and microsystem (work)- levels; and compared factors across low and high work ability groups. Participants ( N = 40) completed a survey and interview via digital platforms. Qualitative analysis revealed self-assessed declines in work ability led to questioning work-related goals and influenced QOL. Integrated analysis led to the development of four profiles, growing our understanding of work’s influence on QOL for YA cancer survivors, and identifying components YAs considered when contemplating work-related goals after a cancer diagnosis. Larger studies are needed to elucidate these profiles and identify modifiable factors to inform targeted interventions to improve QOL.
Outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting with coronary endarterectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of recent studies
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wu Haibo
Published: December 2022

Objective: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the short-term and long-term outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with coronary endarterectomy (CE) versus isolated CABG.

Methods: Studies evaluating outcomes of CABG with CE (CE-CABG) were searched from 1 January 2000 to 30 September 2022, on PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases. The primary outcome was 30 -days mortality. Secondary outcomes were postoperative myocardial infraction, low output syndrome, cardiac arrhythmia, renal dysfunction, and 5 years survival.

Results: A total of 12 observational studies including 114,319 patients assessing CE-CABG ( n = 35,174) versus isolated CABG ( n = 79,145) were included. Compared to isolated CABG alone, CE-CABG was significantly associated with increased incidences of 30-days mortality (RR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.73–2.07; p < 0.01), postoperative myocardial infraction (RR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.26–2.05; p < 0.01), low output syndrome (RR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.17–2.02; p < 0.01), and renal dysfunction (RR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.44–1.69; p < 0.01). However, there was no difference in either rate of cardiac arrhythmia (RR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.97–1.15; p = 0.20) or 5 years survival (RR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.95–1.16; p = 0.34) between the CE-CABG group and the control group. Subgroup analysis on CE technique showed that CE-CABG was also associated with 30 days mortality in patients undergoing closed CE (RR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.09–2.03), whereas this association between CE and 30 days mortality was not observed in patients undergoing open CE (RR, 1.76; 95% CI, 0.58–5.32).

Conclusions: Despite poor short-term outcomes, CE-CABG appeared to offer satisfactory long-term survival in patients with diffuse coronary artery disease.