bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cantos Cautivos: Online Archive of Songs of Political Captivity in Pinochet’s Chile
Authors: Chornik Katia
Published: September 2015

Cantos Cautivos (Captive Songs) is a recently launched online archive of songs created, performed and listened to in the context of political detention and torture in Pinochet’s Chile (1973–1990). This article contextualizes the project, provides an overview of the archive’s current materials, outlines a selection of challenges, and highlights its contributions of music, accounts and documentation.
Anselm of Canterbury’s Theory of Meaning: Analysis of Some Semantic Distinctions in De Grammatico
Authors: Cerezo María
Published: September 2015

This paper offers an interpretation of Anselm of Canterbury’s semantic doctrines in De Grammatico, paying special attention to five distinctions present in the dialogue: dicitur in eo quod quale/dicitur in eo quod quid, esse ut in subiecto/esse non ut in subiecto, significare/appellare, significare ut unum/significare non ut unum and significare per se/significare per aliud. It elucidates the theoretical role of these distinctions, showing that they are introduced with different purposes and that conflation between them must be avoided. Three specific features of this interpretation are the following: (i) an analysis of the distinction between significare and appellare in relation to the orders of intellection and predication, (ii) an account of the difference between predication in eo quod quid/in eo quod quale and essential and accidental predication, and (iii) an analysis of the thesis that ‘grammaticus’ not only signifies per se qualitas, but also per se habere.
Aliquid amplius audire desiderat: Desire in Abelard’s Theory of Incomplete and Non-Assertive Complete Sentences
Authors: Valente Luisa
Published: September 2015

One of the peculiarities of Peter Abelard’s analysis of incomplete and non-assertive sentences is his use of the notion of desire: in both Dialectica and Glosses on Peri hermeneias the terms desiderium and desidero move to the foreground side by side with optatio, expectatio, suspensio and the related verbs. Desire plays a structural role in Abelard’s descriptions of the compositional way in which the linguistic message is received, changing step by step from incomplete to complete: the person who receives the incomplete message (e.g., ‘Socrates’ or ‘Socrates legens’) desires to get further information through other words since he knows that the purpose of such words or sequences of words (their causa inventionis) is to combine with other words in order to form a complete sentence. On the other hand, the expression of the speaker’s attention to his inner affections renders the same semantic content a different complete sentence (injunction, prayer, or desiderativa oratio).
Tu scis an de mentiente sit falsum Sortem esse illum: On the Syncategorem ‘an’
Authors: d’Ors Angel
Published: September 2015

This article presents some results of the study of seventeen medieval treatises containing a logical analysis of the syncategorem ‘an’. On the one hand, a new classification is proposed of the literary genres of the Logica Modernorum, based on the four elements involved in the logical analysis of syncategorematic terms: the meaning of the syncategorem, logical rules, related sophisms, and proposed solutions. On the other, three texts are studied in detail, showing the origins and development of the logical analysis of the syncategorem ‘an’ between the 12th and the 13th centuries. Finally, a comparative study is offered of different analyses of the sophism ‘Tu scis an de mentiente sit falsum Sortem esse illum’, a sophism that does not raise any problem as to the particle ‘an’, but introduces the issue of the truth conditions of the dicta.
Obligations and Conditionals
Authors: Yrjönsuuri Mikko
Published: September 2015

The paper considers two kinds of medieval obligational disputations (positio, rei veritas) and the medieval genre of sophismata in relation to the kinds of inferences accepted in them. The main texts discussed are the anonymous Obligationes parisienses from the early 13th century and Richard Kilvington’s Sophismata from the early 14th century. Four different kinds of warranted transition from an antecedent to a consequent become apparent in the medieval discussions: (1) the strong logical validity of basic propositional logic, (2) analytic validity based on conceptual containment, (3) merely semantic impossibility of the antecedent being true without the consequent, and (4) intuitively true counterfactual conditionals. As these different kinds of consequences are spelled out by means of obligational disputations, it appears that the genre of obligations is indeed useful for the “knowledge of consequences,” as the anonymous Obligationes parisienses claims.
Haptic and Tactile Adjectives Are Consistently Mapped onto Color Space
Authors: Jraissati Yasmina , Slobodenyuk Nadiya , Kanso Ali , Ghanem Lama , Elhajj Imad
Published: September 2015

Cross-modal associations refer to non-arbitrary associations of features across sensory modalities. Such associations have been observed between many different sensory features. One association that has rarely been studied so far is between touch and color. In this study, participants were asked to match tactile and haptic adjectives to color samples shown individually on a screen. They could select one to 11 tactile and haptic terms, presented in 11 pairs of opposed adjectives. The results showed a regular pattern in the way tactile and haptic terms were matched to color. Our results further revealed that the colors to which tactile and haptic terms were matched did not fall within the boundaries of color lexical categories, suggesting that the associations were not based on lexicon — despite the frequent occurrence of linguistic expressions such as ‘soft pink’, not all colors called ‘pink’ were matched to ‘soft’. In contrast with one recent study, the distribution of tactile and haptic terms across the Munsell array suggests that along with brightness and chroma, hue was also relevant to participants’ responses. Specifically in the case of hue, several opposed adjectives were relatively well matched to opposed colors, along the orthogonal Yellow/Blue and Red/Green axes, which are suggested to structure the space of hue experience. Possible accounts of these results are considered.
BRYOLOGIA NOVO GRANATENSIS. ESTUDIOS DE LOS MUSGOS DE COLOMBIA IV. CATALOGO NUEVO DE LOS MUSGOS DE COLOMBIA

Authors: Churchill Steven P.
Published: September 2015

A revised moss checklist for Colombia recognizes 877 species distributed among 242 genera and 65 families. Departmental distribution is provided for all species. This paper is based on the previous checklist by Florschütz-de Waard & Florschütz (1979), publications since that time, on the extensive holdings of the New York Botanical Garden, the Institute of Systematic Botany, Utrecht, and other herbaria, and on recent field work. Included in this list are a number of the collections made by Aguirre C., Cleef, Griffin, Killip, Schultes, Steere, van der Hammen and van Reenen, among others, which have not previously been incorporated into the Colombian moss literature. Comparison of the number of species reported for each of the departments based on the 1979 and the present checklist both suggest that over half of the departments are poorly known. Forty new additions to Colombia are provided in this catalogue: Amblystegium serpens, Anoectangium aestivum, Astomiopsis amblycalyx, Breutelia brevifolia, Brymela parkeriana, Bryohaplocladium praelongum, Bryum coloratum, B. perlimbatum, Chorisodontium setaceum, Dicranum peruvianum, Drepanocladus uncinatus, Encalypta asperifolia, Entodon hampeanus, Epipterygium immarginatum, Fissidens allionii, F. diplodus, F. intermedius, Groutiella obtusa, Gymnostomum recurvirostrum, Hymenodon reggaeus, Leiomela ecuadorensis, Lepidopilum affine, L. cuspidans, L. cubense, Leptodontium stellaticuspis, Leskea plumaria, Leskeadelphus bolivianus, Neckera urnigera, Potamium deceptivum, P. pacimonense, Pseudotaxiphyllum distichaceum, Rhegmatodon polycarpa, Schistidium apocarpum, S. rivulare ssp. latifolium, Scorpidium scorpioides, Syrrhopodon steyermarkii, Tortula caroliniana, Zygodon ehrenbergii, Z. fragilis, Z. stenocarpus. Approximately 560 new departmental records are included. Several new combinations are made: Calyptrochaeta deflexa (C. Muell.) comb. nov., C. nutans (Hampe) comb. nov., Pleuridium subenervis (Hampe) comb. nov., Rhodobryum perspinidens (Broth.) comb. nov., R. roseodens (C. Muell.) comb. nov., Schizymenium brevicaulis (Hornsch.) comb. nov., S. dolichothecum (Herz.) comb. nov., S. pectinatum (C. Muell.) comb. nov., S. subobliquum (Hampe) comb. nov., Sematophyllum sticticola (C. Muell.) comb. nov. and, S. turgidulum (Herz.) comb. nov. Several further species are reduced to synonymy: Aulacomnium venezuelanum Mitt. (=A. palustre), Grimmia bogotense (Hampe) Jaeg. (=G. longirostris), Mielichhoferia elegans Herz. (=Schizymenium bogotense), Pohlia integridens (C. Muell.) Broth. (=P. elongata), and P. paucifolia (Jaeg.) Broth. (=P. elongata).
An Overview of the Lejeuneaceae in Australia
Authors: Thiers Barbara M.
Published: September 2015

As currently understood, the Lejeuneaceae flora of Australia consists of 122 species in 27 genera. The family occurs almost exclusively in rainforested areas along the eastern coast of the continent. Based on species composition, three floristic regions are recognized: tropical, subtropical and temperate. The tropical region contains 80 percent of the total number of Lejeuneaceae found in Australia, the subtropical region contains 45 percent, and the temperate region only 15 percent of the total flora. The affinities of the Lejeuneaceae in the tropical and subtropical regions are strongest with the Asian flora, and those of the temperate region are strongest with the New Zealand flora. The diversity of the Lejeuneaceae flora in Australia is higher than might be expected for a non-equatorial region. This diversity may result from the wide variety of rainforest habitats that are available along both latitudinal and altitudinal gradients. The temperate flora is probably derived from that which existed in Australia, New Zealand, Antarctica and probably southern South America prior to the breakup of Gondwanaland. The modern tropical flora is probably a mixture of species that were part of the original northern Gondwanan flora and those that have invaded more recently.
Diversity and altitudinal niche width characteristics for 35 taxa of the Papua New Guinea Frullania flora with consideration of sibling pairs

Authors: Glime Janice M. , Hudy Peter S. , Hattori Sinske
Published: September 2015

The Frullania taxa on Mount Albert Edward, Papua New Guinea, form many associations that suggest a high degree of niche similarity, but at different altitudes, different associations form. The species diversity of the genus is greatest at the middle altitudes and least in the dry lowlands. This altitudinal separation is apparent in the niche widths of the taxa. The members of the four sibling taxa pairs examined exhibit distinct altitudinal niches, suggesting that the sibling taxa are distinct, with different niche optima.
Revision of Taiwanaenidea Kimoto, 1984 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae)
Authors: LEE CHI-FENG , BEENEN RON
Published: September 2015

The genus Taiwanaenidea Kimoto, 1984 is a little-known galerucine genus known only with original description, which lacks illustrations. A number of specimens belonging to this genus are now available for study with effective collection made by Taiwan Chrysomelid Research Team. Two new species, T. cheni Lee and Beenen sp. nov. and T. jungchangi Lee and Beenen sp. nov. are here described. The other two known species, T. collaris Kimoto, 1984 and T. strigosa Kimoto, 1984 are reviewed and illustrations of diagnostic characters are presented. A key to all species of this genus is provided.
A PDF-Based Formulation of Microphysical Variability in Cumulus Congestus Clouds*
Authors: Kogan Yefim L. , Mechem David B.
Published: September 2015

Calculating unbiased microphysical process rates over mesoscale model grid volumes necessitates knowledge of the subgrid-scale (SGS) distribution of variables, typically represented as probability distribution functions (PDFs) of the prognostic variables. In the 2014 Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences paper by Kogan and Mechem, they employed large-eddy simulation of Rain in Cumulus over the Ocean (RICO) trade cumulus to develop PDFs and joint PDFs of cloud water, rainwater, and droplet concentration. In this paper, the approach of Kogan and Mechem is extended to deeper, precipitating cumulus congestus clouds as represented by a simulation based on conditions from the TOGA COARE field campaign. The fidelity of various PDF approximations was assessed by evaluating errors in estimating autoconversion and accretion rates. The dependence of the PDF shape on grid-mean variables is much stronger in congestus clouds than in shallow cumulus. The PDFs obtained from the TOGA COARE simulations for the calculation of accretion rates may be applied to both shallow and congestus cumulus clouds. However, applying the TOGA COARE PDFs to calculate autoconversion rates introduces unacceptably large errors in shallow cumulus clouds, thus precluding the use of a “universal” PDF formulation for both cloud types.
The Influence of Sea Ice Dynamics on the Climate Sensitivity and Memory to Increased Antarctic Sea Ice
Authors: Parise Claudia K. , Pezzi Luciano P. , Hodges Kevin I. , Justino Flavio
Published: September 2015

The study analyzes the sensitivity and memory of the Southern Hemisphere coupled climate system to increased Antarctic sea ice (ASI), taking into account the persistence of the sea ice maxima in the current climate. The mechanisms involved in restoring the climate balance under two sets of experiments, which differ in regard to their sea ice models, are discussed. The experiments are perturbed with extremes of ASI and integrated for 10 yr in a large 30-member ensemble. The results show that an ASI maximum is able to persist for ~4 yr in the current climate, followed by a negative sea ice phase. The sea ice insulating effect during the positive phase reduces heat fluxes south of 60°S, while at the same time these are intensified at the sea ice edge. The increased air stability over the sea ice field strengthens the polar cell while the baroclinicity increases at midlatitudes. The mean sea level pressure is reduced (increased) over high latitudes (midlatitudes), typical of the southern annular mode (SAM) positive phase. The Southern Ocean (SO) becomes colder and fresher as the sea ice melts mainly through sea ice lateral melting, the consequence of which is an increase in the ocean stability by buoyancy and mixing changes. The climate sensitivity is triggered by the sea ice insulating process and the resulting freshwater pulse (fast response), while the climate equilibrium is restored by the heat stored in the SO subsurface layers (long response). It is concluded that the time needed for the ASI anomaly to be dissipated and/or melted is shortened by the sea ice dynamical processes.
A Practical Method of Extracting Wind Sea and Swell from Directional Wave Spectrum
Authors: Chen Zezong , Zhang Longgang , Zhao Chen , Chen Xi , Zhong Jianbo
Published: September 2015

Wind sea and swell representing different weather conditions generally coexist in both open waters and coastal areas, which results in bimodal or multipeaked features in directional wave spectrum. Because they make wave parameters such as significant wave height and mean wave period of the mixed sea state less meaningful, the processes of separation and identification of wind sea and swell are crucial. Consistent wind sea and swell results can be obtained by a commonly used method based on wave age (WA) with the directional wave spectrum and wind velocity. However, the subjective dependence of wave age threshold selection and the required wind information restrict the application of this method. In this study, a practical method based on the overshoot phenomenon (OP) in wind-generated waves is proposed to extract wind sea and swell from the directional wave spectrum without any other meteorology information. Directional wave spectra derived from an S-band Doppler radar deployed on the coast of the South China Sea have been utilized as the datasets to investigate the performance of both methods. The proposed OP method is then validated by comparing it with the WA method and the verifying results are presented.
The Food Safety Modernization Act: Implications for U.S. Small Scale Farms
Authors: Boys Kathryn A. , Ollinger Michael , Geyer Leon L.
Published: September 2015

The Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) reforms law governing the safety of human and animal foods produced for consumption in the United States. Recognizing the challenges that the proposed regulations would impose on small farms, Congress included an amendment to exempt small farms from the full scope of FSMA requirements. This special treatment and other issues left unaddressed by FSMA, however, present challenges for buyers of small farm products and is inducing a private sector response to these regulatory gaps. This Article reviews the current treatment of small farms under FSMA and explores some key impacts and implications of FSMA on these organizations. Particular consideration is given to the unintended consequences of the Tester-Hagan Amendment and the unaddressed issue of liability for foodborne illness.
Repositioning Generics: The Comparative Value of Liability in FDA's Proposed Rule on Labeling
Authors: Falcone Nicholas
Published: September 2015

Generic drugs occupy a unique position in the U.S. pharmaceuticals market. On one hand, generics are a product of basic free-market economic reasoning. Congress enacted the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984 (Hatch-Waxman) based on the uncontroversial assumption that inexpensive generic competition would reduce prescription drug costs. On the other hand, the generic drug industry is primarily a regulatory creation; Hatch-Waxman facilitates generic competition by permitting generic manufacturers to rely heavily on prior expenditures of pioneer drug manufacturers, including those required to convince the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that a drug is safe and efficacious. Propelled by federal law, generics have evolved from their minority market position as cheap alternatives to a “dominant” market position—today, they fill about 80% of prescriptions nationwide.
Risk factors for delirium after on-pump cardiac surgery: a systematic review
Authors: Gosselt Alex NC , Slooter Arjen JC , Boere Pascal RQ , Zaal Irene J
Published: September 2015

Introduction

As evidence-based effective treatment protocols for delirium after cardiac surgery are lacking, efforts should be made to identify risk factors for preventive interventions. Moreover, knowledge of these risk factors could increase validity of etiological studies in which adjustments need to be made for confounding variables. This review aims to systematically identify risk factors for delirium after cardiac surgery and to grade the evidence supporting these associations.

Method

A prior registered systematic review was performed using EMBASE, CINAHL, MEDLINE and Cochrane from 1990 till January 2015 (http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.asp?ID=CRD42014007371). All studies evaluating patients for delirium after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) using either randomization or multivariable data analyses were included. Data was extracted and quality was scored in duplicate. Heterogeneity impaired pooling of the data; instead a semi-quantitative approach was used in which the strength of the evidence was graded based on the number of investigations, the quality of studies, and the consistency of the association reported across studies.

Results

In total 1462 unique references were screened and 34 were included in this review, of which 16 (47 %) were graded as high quality. A strong level of evidence for an association with the occurrence of postoperative delirium was found for age, previous psychiatric conditions, cerebrovascular disease, pre-existent cognitive impairment, type of surgery, peri-operative blood product transfusion, administration of risperidone, postoperative atrial fibrillation and mechanical ventilation time. Postoperative oxygen saturation and renal insufficiency were supported by a moderate level of evidence, and there is no evidence that gender, education, CPB duration, pre-existent cardiac disease or heart failure are risk factors.

Conclusion

Of many potential risk factors for delirium after cardiac surgery, for only 11 there is a strong or moderate level of evidence. These risk factors should be taken in consideration when designing future delirium prevention strategies trials or when controlling for confounding in future etiological studies.
Exogenous marker-engineered mesenchymal stem cells detect cancer and metastases in a simple blood assay
Authors: Liu Linan , Zhang Shirley X. , Aeran Rangoli , Liao Wenbin , Lu Mengrou , Polovin George , Pone Egest J. , Zhao Weian
Published: September 2015

Introduction

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult multipotent stem cells that possess regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. They have been widely investigated as therapeutic agents for a variety of disease conditions, including tissue repair, inflammation, autoimmunity, and organ transplantation. Importantly, systemically infused MSCs selectively home to primary and metastatic tumors, though the molecular mechanisms of tumor tropism of MSCs remain incompletely understood. We have exploited the active and selective MSCs homing to cancer microenvironments to develop a rapid and selective blood test for the presence of cancer.

Methods

We tested the concept of using transplanted MSCs as the basis for a simple cancer blood test. MSCs were engineered to express humanized Gaussia luciferase (hGluc). In a minimally invasive fashion, hGluc secreted by MSCs into circulation as a reporter for cancer presence, was assayed to probe whether MSCs co-localize with and persist in cancerous tissue.

Results

In vitro, hGluc secreted by engineered MSCs was detected stably over a period of days in the presence of serum. In vivo imaging showed that MSCs homed to breast cancer lung metastases and persisted longer in tumor-bearing mice than in tumor-free mice (P < 0.05). hGluc activity in blood of tumor-bearing mice was significantly higher than in their tumor-free counterparts (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Both in vitro and in vivo data show that MSCs expressing hGluc can identify and report small tumors or metastases in a simple blood test format. Our novel and simple stem cell-based blood test can potentially be used to screen, detect, and monitor cancer and metastasis at early stages and during treatment.
Characterizing Seismic Resiliency Using an Energy Dissipation-Recentering Correlation Diagram
Authors: Liu Weian , Hutchinson Tara
Published: September 2015

For a structural system, the potential to dissipate energy and recenter during an earthquake are two important characteristics that support seismic resiliency. This paper proposes two dimensionless parameters, namely, an energy dissipation ratio ( R ED) and a recentering ratio ( R RC), to quantify the potential of an inelastic mechanism to dissipate hysteretic energy and recover from inelastic deformations, respectively. For most mechanisms used in seismic design, these two parameters are not independent, but rather, they are inherently related. In this work, an R ED- R RC correlation diagram is established by placing each parameter within a two-dimensional plot. Importantly, four different zones with varying seismic response attributes are identified. Numerical studies considering various idealized inelastic systems coupled with experimental data are then utilized to demonstrate the utility of the R ED- R RC correlation diagram as a simple design tool for estimating the seismic resiliency of a system.
Seismic Hazard in the Nation's Breadbasket
Authors: Boyd Oliver , Haller Kathleen , Luco Nico , Moschetti Morgan , Mueller Charles , Petersen Mark , Rezaeian Sanaz , Rubinstein Justin
Published: September 2015

The USGS National Seismic Hazard Maps were updated in 2014 and included several important changes for the central United States (CUS). Background seismicity sources were improved using a new moment-magnitude-based catalog; a new adaptive, nearest-neighbor smoothing kernel was implemented; and maximum magnitudes for background sources were updated. Areal source zones developed by the Central and Eastern United States Seismic Source Characterization for Nuclear Facilities project were simplified and adopted. The weighting scheme for ground motion models was updated, giving more weight to models with a faster attenuation with distance compared to the previous maps. Overall, hazard changes (2% probability of exceedance in 50 years, across a range of ground-motion frequencies) were smaller than 10% in most of the CUS relative to the 2008 USGS maps despite new ground motion models and their assigned logic tree weights that reduced the probabilistic ground motions by 5–20%.
Validation of ASCE 41-13 Modeling Parameters and Acceptance Criteria for Rocking Shallow Foundations
Authors: Hakhamaneshi Manouchehr , Kutter Bruce L. , Moore Mark , Champion Casey
Published: September 2015

The standard ASCE 41-13 Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Existing Buildings includes new provisions for linear and non-linear modeling parameters and acceptance criteria for rocking shallow foundations. The new modeling parameters and acceptance criteria were largely based on model tests on rectangular rocking foundations with a limited range of footing length to width ratio (L/B). New model test results are presented, including a systematic variation of L/B and also non-rectangular (I-shaped) footings. This new data along with previously published results are presented to validate the trilinear modeling parameters and acceptance criteria of ASCE 41-13. This paper investigates the effects of footing shape on the residual settlement, residual uplift, rocking stiffness, and re-centering. Overall, the new data supports the provisions of ASCE 41-13; however, the acceptance limits for rocking rotation of I-shaped footings could be reduced to produce performance consistent with the acceptance limits for rectangular footings.
Modern theories of regional development – a review of some concepts
Authors: Bogdański Marcin
Published: September 2015

Researches on determinants of regional development are an important part of economic thought. And just like the whole economic theory, it was the subject of visible evolution as the whole economy had changed and as we gained some practice in stimulating economic development. However, in the public awareness one can still observe a strong influence of “old” or traditional theories. Many (also some economists) still see regional development as an exogenous process which should be inspired and managed by a central government. Also, there is a strong tendency to consider the main goal of regional policy as artificial leveling of regions’ development. Only recently there has been a visible shift in the approach to the problem of regional development. The aim of the article is to present some most commonly recognized modern theories of regional development, which stand opposite to the traditional approach. It shows the evolution of theories of regional development from exogenous to endogenous concepts, and from the sectoral to holistic view on this issue. Of course, it does not cover all of the thoughts of a fruitful discussion on this topic. It is rather an inspiration to increase and improve one’s knowledge of this topic.
Economic crisis and situation on the labor market in countries of European Union in the years 2007-2011
Authors: Zieliński Mariusz
Published: September 2015

The article analyses influence of prosperity conditions on the labor market. The principal aim of the article is to determine the main trends on the labor market in Poland and other chosen countries in European Union. The research problem has been formulated as follows: economic crisis have an major influence on changes in level and structure of employment and unemployment. The theoretical part of the article presents characteristics changes on the labor market from the macro-economical point of view and personal strategies of companies, at the time of economic crisis. The practical part of the article is based on method of statistical analysis. Statistical analysis embraces changes in: level and structure of employment (especially level of part time employed, temporary employed, self-employed) and level and structure of unemployment (especially level of long-term unemployment and unemployment of the young). Statistical data show that economic crisis in European Union caused: fall in level of employment, increase in level of unemployment, major changes in structure of employment and very small changes in structure of unemployment.
Exploring individuals' experiences of having an ileostomy and Crohn's disease and following dietary advice
Authors: Morris Andrew , Leach Bethan
Published: September 2015

Background

Dietary advice for individuals with an ileostomy centres on providing a balanced, nutritious diet, but may not take into account the underlying pathology for the ileostomy, for example, Crohn's disease (CD). The study explores the suitability of such advice for individuals with CD and an ileostomy.

Method

A phenomenological study design used in-depth, semi-structured interviews with six adults with CD and an ileostomy; the interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis and member checking were undertaken.

Results

Dietary advice was deemed difficult to follow as it did not match with an individual's real-life situation, for example, adverse food reactions. These experiences affected compliance with advice, resulting in adaptation to a diet that could be followed inside and outside the home.

Conclusion

Health professionals must adapt healthy-eating advice to account for the underlying pathology of an ileostomy. Practical and emotional support around following dietary advice may need to be offered.
Proving your project is needed
Authors: Ellery John
Published: September 2015

When looking to secure funding for your school, a key challenge is successfully arguing a need for your project and deciding who should lead your grant fundraising efforts. John Ellery offers his advice
A Combinatorial Determinant Dual to the Group Determinant
Authors: Srinivasan Murali , Mishra Ashish
Published: September 2015

We define the commuting algebra determinant of a finite group action on a finite set, a notion dual to the group determinant of Dedekind. We give the following combinatorial example of a commuting algebra determinant. Let $\Bq(n)$ denote the set of all subspaces of an $n$-dimensional vector space over $\Fq$. The {\em type} of an ordered pair $(U,V)$ of subspaces, where $U,V\in \Bq(n)$, is the ordered triple $(\mbox{dim }U, \mbox{dim }V, \mbox{dim }U\cap V)$ of nonnegative integers. Assume that there are independent indeterminates corresponding to each type. Let $X_q(n)$ be the $\Bq(n)\times \Bq(n)$ matrix whose entry in row $U$, column $V$ is the indeterminate corresponding to the type of $(U,V)$. We factorize the determinant of $X_q(n)$ into irreducible polynomials.
Open problems in the theory of completely positive and copositive matrices
Authors: Berman Avi , Dur Mirjam , Shaked-Monderer Naomi
Published: September 2015

We describe the main open problems which are currently of interest in the theory of copositive and completely positive matrices. We give motivation as to why these questions are relevant and provide a brief description of the state of the art in each open problem.
Bounds for eigenvalues of nonsingular H-tensor
Authors: Wang Xue-Zhong , Wei Yimin
Published: September 2015

The bounds for the Z-spectral radius of nonsingular H -tensor, the upper and lower bounds for the minimum H-eigenvalue of nonsingular (strong) M -tensor are studied in this paper. The sharper bounds are obtained. Numerical examples illustrate that our bounds give tighter bounds.
Globalisierung
Authors: Dürrschmidt Jörg
Published: September 2015

Der Band stellt einleitend verschiedene Definitionen von Globalisierung vor und setzt dann die Begriffe Globalisierung, Globalität und Globalismus zueinÝ ander in Relation. Anschließend wird die Genese der Globalisierungsdebatte nachgezeichnet. Die Ausführungen schließen Immanuel Wallersteins WeltÝ systemtheorie, Marshall McLuhans Visionen eines »global village« und Entwürfe einer planetaren ökologischen Einheit durch James Lovelock und Fritjof Capra ein. Als zentrale Beiträge der soziologischen Globalisierungsdebatte werden im dritten Teil u.a. die »radikalisierte Moderne« Anthony Giddens', das »gloÝ bale Feld« Roland Robertsons und David Harveys »time-space compression« vorgestellt. Um globale Kulturökonomien geht es bei der Diskussion der AnÝ sätze von Arjun Appadurai, Scott Lash und John Urry. Abschließend gibt der Text Einblicke in aktuelle Debatten über das Verhältnis von Moderne und Globalisierung sowie über den Widerspruch zwischen HeÝ terogenisierungs- und Homogenisierungstendenzen im Prozess der GlobalisieÝ rung.
Rational-Choice-Theorie
Authors: Hill Paul B.
Published: September 2015

Bei der Rational-Choice-Theorie handelt es sich nicht nur um eine Handlungstheorie, sondern um ein soziologisches Paradigma, welches das individuelle Handeln als sozial verursacht betrachtet und in ihm zugleich das Explanans für kollektive Prozesse sieht. Der vorliegende Band gibt einen kompakten Überblick über diese zentrale soziologische Denktradition. Vorgestellt werden die wichtigsten Prämissen, Theorien und Anwendungen des Ansatzes. Thematische Schwerpunkte sind: Soziologie als erklärende Wissenschaft, Logik der sozioloÝ gischen Erklärung, anthropologische Prämissen der Handlungstheorie, Situationsdefinition und Handlungswahl, sozialwissenschaftliche AnwenÝ dungsbeispiele.
Ending Slavery
Authors: Ruf Urs Peter
Published: September 2015

»Ending Slavery« offers insights into the »how« of practices of slavery that persist in parts of Mauritania up to the present day. It brings to the light the gendered structures of Moorish slavery, and examines their impact on strategies and tactics designed to bring this institution to an end. Underlying this study is empirical data gathered during two periods of field research in rural central Mauritania. The analysis of life histories of slaves and freed slaves, but also of tributaries and free Moors plays a key role in the book.
Class, Culture and Space
Authors: Horstmann Alexander
Published: September 2015

In the present social and cultural transformation of South Thailand's cultural politics, ideologies involving the family, gender and home provide the cultural codes in social dramas of the state, the media and social and religious movements. This study looks at micropolitics and the nesting of the political action of everyday life in larger, ultimately global structures of power. Exploring the making of class, culture and space, the production and consumption of culture is understood as work which involves the constant negotiation of boundaries.
Kriminalsoziologie
Authors: Eifler Stefanie
Published: September 2015

Die Suche nach den gesellschaftlichen Ursachen für Kriminalität hat in der Soziologie bereits eine lange Tradition. Sie beschäftigte nicht nur die soziologischen 'Klassiker', sondern inspirierte auch eine Reihe von späteren soziologischen Arbeiten. Im 20. Jahrhundert war es vor allem die US-amerikanische Soziologie, die Kriminalität und kriminelle Handlungen thematisierte. Die aus verschiedenen theoretischen Perspektiven hervorgegangenen Untersuchungen führten zur Koexistenz einer Vielzahl von Erklärungsansätzen, die man in den vergangenen Jahren mit neuen integrativen Ansätzen zu verbinden versucht. Der Band zeichnet die Entstehung und Entwicklung der Kriminalsoziologie nach und liefert darüber hinaus eine umfassende Bestandsaufnahme der aktuellen soziologischen Zugänge zur Kriminalität.
Die Politik der Verortung
Authors: Lossau Julia
Published: September 2015

In Zeiten globaler Unübersichtlichkeit hat die Rede von kulturellen Unterschieden Hochkonjunktur. Während die einen den Kampf der Kulturen bestätigt sehen, machen sich andere für den Dialog der Kulturen stark. Der Band fasst beide Szenarien als komplementäre Strategien, die eine kontingente Welt durch die Verortung kultureller Identität buchstäblich in Ordnung bringen. Ganz im Sinne der postkolonialen »Theorie unterwegs« belässt die Autorin es aber nicht bei der reinen Dekonstruktionsarbeit, sondern macht sich auf die Suche nach ANDEREN Möglichkeiten der Verortung. Damit lädt sie zu einer Reise ein, die vom partikularistischen Welt-Bild kultureller Gegensätze über das universalistische Welt-Bild des kulturellen Ausgleichs hin zu einer ANDEREN Geographie der Welt führt.
Expanded Museum
Authors: Hünnekens Annette
Published: September 2015

Mit dem Einzug der digitalen Medien in das Museum entsteht eine neue Mischung von Realraum und virtuellem Raum. Zugleich tritt unter diesen Bedingungen das eigene mediale Erbe des Museums deutlich hervor. Diese voranschreitende »Automatisierung des Museums«, in der es zunehmend zum Medium der Präsentation gerät, führt dazu, dass das Museum selbst virtualisiert und somit vom Realraum abkoppelbar bzw. zu ihm »hinzufügbar« wird. Der Band stellt zahlreiche internationale Pilotprojekte des Einsatzes digitaler Medien in Museen vor. Dabei wird deutlich, wie sich Museen unter dem Einsatz partizipativer und interaktiver Strategien als Orte der Erinnerung und des sozialen Gedächtnisses in den virtuellen Raum hinein ausweiten.
Naturwissenschaft
Authors: Wahsner Renate
Published: September 2015

Im Mittelpunkt dieses Bandes steht das Verhältnis von Naturwissenschaft und Dialektik. Er entwirft eine Skizze der Entwicklung des Naturbegriffs von der Antike bis zur Neuzeit, um den Umbruch in der Auffassung der Natur als Substanz zu der als Funktion aufzuzeigen. So kann das Prinzip naturwissenschaftlicher Erfahrung deutlich gemacht werden. Sie ist keine empiristische Beschreibung, sondern ein Bestimmen von Bewegungen in der Natur durch Messung und Experiment. In beiden verbergen sich epistemologische und damit philosophische Grundlagen. Die Naturwissenschaft selbst denkt ihre Erfahrung in Gestalt spezifischer Dualismen, die die Dialektik als messtheoretiÝ sche Fassung des als Bewegung daseienden Widerspruchs begreift. Sie führt so das naturwissenschaftlich Getrennte wieder zu einem Ganzen zusammen.
Eine Wellenlänge zu Gott
Authors: Jonker Gerdien
Published: September 2015

Unter den Muslimen im deutschsprachigen Raum behauptet sich der »Verband der Islamischen Kulturzentren« (VIKZ) als eine bedeutende islamische Strömung sufischer Provenienz. Wie die zugleich geschichts- und gegenwartsbezogene Studie der Religionshistorikerin Gerdien Jonker nachzeichnet, war es zeit ihres Bestehens eine der Stärken dieser Laiengemeinschaft, dass sie sich wechselnden Umständen anzupassen vermochte, ohne ihre religiöse Identität preiszugeben. Die Autorin bezieht Geschichte und Gegenwart kollektiver Gottsuche aufeinander, wie sie etwa in dem von den Gläubigen praktizierten »Ritus der Erinnerung« ihren Ausdruck findet. Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt der Untersuchung liegt auf der brüchigen und wechselvollen Kommunikation des VIKZ mit seinen europäischen Gastgesellschaften. Die sorgfältig recherchierte Studie hat das Potenzial, gängige Vorstellungen über den VIKZ zu ergänzen und zu korrigieren und bietet tiefe Einblicke in die zugleich sehr traditionelle und sehr moderne Form der Religionsausübung seiner Mitglieder.
Götterdämmerung
Authors: Krech Volkhard
Published: September 2015

Vielleicht liegt die Zukunft der Religion darin, eine Haltung auszubilden, die mit den Stichworten Humor, Gelassenheit und Demut zu charakterisieren ist.
Pädagogik der Wissensgesellschaft
Authors: Höhne Thomas
Published: September 2015

Der Begriff »Wissensgesellschaft« kursiert derzeit als wohl prominentester Begriff zur Charakterisierung der modernen Gesellschaft. Seine kritische pädagogische Bearbeitung jedoch steht erst an ihrem Anfang. Dieser Herausforderung stellt sich der Autor, indem er die zentralen Begriffe »Wissen«, »Lernen« und »Bildung« reflektiert und dem gängigen Wissensbegriff das Konzept des soziokulturellen Wissens als mögliche Alternative gegenüberstellt. Die anschließende kritische Diskussion pädagogischen Wissens um kulturelle Differenz und einige grundlegende Überlegungen zum Verhältnis von pädagogischem Wissen und Macht komplettieren diesen markanten Band, der wichtige Anstöße für eine aktuelle Pädagogik liefert.
Soziologie der Stadt
Authors: Eckardt Frank
Published: September 2015

Die soziologische Befassung mit der Stadt hat in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten stark an Bedeutung gewonnen. Die von der Stadtsoziologie in den Blick genommenen Raumbezüge eröffnen wichtige Zugänge zum urbanen Leben der globalisierten (Post-)Moderne. Zur Disposition steht hier die Stadt mit ihren eigenen Spielregeln: ihren ethnischen und geschlechtsbezogenen Trennungslinien und vielfältigen Vergemeinschaftungsprozessen. Wie diese theoretisch einzuordnen sind, diskutiert der Band mit Bezug auf traditionelle und postmoderne Urbanitätskonzeptionen. Gegenwärtig formt insbesondere die Einbindung der Städte in die Globalisierung die urbane Gesellschaft. Die Interdependenz mit dem »globalen Strom« von Menschen, Gütern und Ideen erzeugt eine globalisierte Urbanität, die die Stadtsoziologie vor neue Herausforderungen stellt.
Reflexion
Authors: Zimmer Jörg
Published: September 2015

Die Schwierigkeit einer dialektischen Bestimmung der Reflexion gründet in dem Umstand, dass wir es mit einem Strukturbegriff des menschlichen Selbstverhältnisses, mit dem Ganzen des In-der-Welt-Seins zu tun haben und keineswegs mit einer transzendentalphilosophischen Begründung des Wissens. Daher übergreift der Reflexionsbegriff die menschliche Realität und wird zu einem Grundbegriff der Philosophie und die Philosophie zu einem Modell der Realität. Über die Problemstellungen bei Kleist, Kant, Fichte und Hölderlin wird der Leser zu Hegels Reflexionsbegriff geführt. Von ihm aus ist es möglich, zu einem objektiv-transzendentalen Reflexionsbegriff zu gelangen, der unter Berücksichtigung der Überlegungen von Goethe, Heidegger und Plessner schließlich im Reflexionsmodell von Hans Heinz Holz mündet: Reflexion ist Widerspiegelung.
Wissenschaft, die Grenzen schafft
Authors: Heintz Bettina , Merz Martina , Schumacher Christina
Published: September 2015

Anhand ethnographischer Fallstudien in vier Disziplinen - Architektur, Botanik, Pharmazie und Meteorologie - geht das Buch der Frage nach, ob und auf welche Weise sich die Geschlechterdifferenz im wissenschaftlichen Alltag artikuliert. Mit ihrer disziplinär vergleichenden Perspektive betritt die Studie Neuland: Sie vermittelt einen Blick auf die vielfältigen Unterschiede zwischen den Disziplinen und identifiziert damit die Konstellationen, unter denen geschlechtliche Zuschreibungen das wissenschaftliche Universalismusprinzip unterlaufen können. Damit stellt sie für die Geschlechter- wie auch für die Wissenschaftsforschung einen wichtigen und innovativen Beitrag dar.
»From the Native's Point of View«?
Authors: Kumoll Karsten
Published: September 2015

Welchen Erklärungswert haben klassische ethnologische Kulturtheorien für die Analyse kultureller Globalisierung? Macht der Begriff »Kultur« in einer entgrenzten und hybridisierten Welt überhaupt noch Sinn? Anhand der breit rezipierten Ansätze von Clifford Geertz und Pierre Bourdieu überprüft der Autor die postmoderne These, Globalisierung erfordere eine fundamentale Umstellung der kulturwissenschaftlichen Kategorien. »From the Native's Point of View«? bietet damit nicht nur einen gut lesbaren Vergleich der Konzepte von Geertz und Bourdieu, sondern wirft ein neues Licht auf die ethnologischen Debatten über kulturelle Globalisierung und den Kulturbegriff.
KörperSpuren
Authors: Bruner Claudia Franziska
Published: September 2015

Als »behindert« geltende Körper werden sozial und kulturell hervorgebracht. Welche Texte schreiben aber den behinderten Körper - einen Körper, der stets vergeschlechtlicht, sozial klassifiziert und kulturell entworfen ist? Diskursanalytische Interpretationen narrativ-biografischer Interviews mit Frauen verweisen auf strategische Lesarten des behinderten Körpers. Dabei werden Ambivalenzen in der Identitätsarbeit sichtbar und Verschiebungen der Schnittfelder von race, class, gender und body offen gelegt. Dem Diskursfeld Behinderung in Deutschland wird so eine kulturwissenschaftliche Perspektive mit behinderungspolitischer Brisanz nahe gelegt.
Sprache und Fremdsprache
Authors: Prasse (verst.) Jutta
Published: September 2015

Jedes Kapitel dieses Buches entfaltet anhand eines Stückes Literatur ein Thema aus dem Liebesleben. Für die Psychoanalytikerin Jutta Prasse sind Henry James, Gottfried Keller, Johann Peter Hebel oder Charles Dickens Bundesgenossen bei der Erforschung des weiblichen und männlichen Begehrens, des Mutterideals, der Sexualität des Wissenschaftlers … Sie orientiert sich an Freud und Lacan und kommt doch ohne Fachsprache, ohne Jargon aus. Da sie den Freudschen Witz liebt, verbindet sie Seriosität und Komik, auch, wenn sie Tragisches und Rührendes behandelt. Der Leser kann sich bildend vergnügen, denn dieses Buch, dessen Autorin - unter Pseudonym - zugleich Übersetzerin literarischer Werke war, ist sehr gut zu lesen. Und es ist sehr persönlich geschrieben. Der Titel »Sprache und Fremdsprache« bezieht sich auf die Fremdheit unserer eigenen Sprache; sie ist uns nicht angeboren, doch nur durch sie können wir leben, begehren, lieben, träumen und begreifen.
Mission und Kultur im alten Neuguinea
Authors: Dech Uwe Christian
Published: September 2015

Gewürdigt wird das Lebenswerk des Missionars und Völkerkundlers Stephan Lehner (1877-1943), der heute noch von den Menschen am Huongolf in Neuguinea als »Kulturbringer« in Ehren gehalten wird. Besonderen Wert legt der Autor, ein Nachfahre Lehners, auf die anschauliche Dokumentation der ethnologischen Arbeiten und Sammlungen Lehners. So lässt dieser reich bebilderte Band zugleich ein lebendiges Bild der melanesischen Kultur in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts entstehen.
Erosion des »Sozialkapitals«?
Authors: Helmbrecht Michael
Published: September 2015

Die vorliegende Studie zu Robert D. Putnam liefert zum einen erstmals einen deutschsprachigen Überblick über die Theoriearchitektur und die empirischen Befunde der weltweit diskutierten Gegenwartsdiagnose dieses in Harvard lehrenden renommierten Politikwissenschaftlers. Zum anderen unterzieht sie die Thesen Putnams einer kritischen Reflexion: Aus einer immanenten Sicht deckt sie konzeptionelle Probleme und Blindstellen des von Putnam vertretenen »Sozialkapital«-Konzepts auf. Putnams Diagnose vom Verfall des »Sozialkapitals« wird unter Anknüpfung an klassische und aktuelle soziologische Theoriebestände die These einer Transformation der solidarischen Grundlagen in modernen Gesellschaften entgegengestellt. Diese verständlich geschriebene, kritische Einführung in eine der prominentesten soziologischen Zeitdiagnosen richtet sich sowohl an Studierende der Sozialen Arbeit, der Soziologie und der Politikwissenschaften als auch an allgemein am Thema Interessierte.
Ständige Vertretung
Authors: Niedner-Kalthoff Ulrike
Published: September 2015

In politikwissenschaftlichen Studien erscheinen Diplomaten häufig als Elemente in einem übergeordneten System zwischenstaatlicher Beziehungen. Der vorliegende Band betrachtet sie hingegen als eigenständige Akteure und stellt ihren konkreten Berufs- und Lebensalltag ins Zentrum einer ethnographischen Studie. In diesem Rahmen widmet er sich insbesondere der spezifischen Form internationaler Mobilität, die den diplomatischen Alltag prägt, und analysiert diese als eine Sonderform transnationaler Migration. Durch dichte Beschreibungen und lebendige theoretische Reflexionen bietet die Studie einen fundierten Einblick in diplomatische Lebenswelten.