bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tumor characteristics and survival rate of axillary metastatic breast cancer patients: a three decades retrospective cohort study
Authors: Mousavi-kiasary Seyed Mohamad Sadegh , Bayat Mahdis , Abbasvandi Fereshteh , Khoundabi Batoul , Mousavi Fatemeh , Akbari Atieh , Bagherian Maryam , Zandi Afsoon , Honarvar Behnam , Akbari Mohammad Esmaeil
Published: February 2025

Background: Lymph node (LN) involvement, as an important prognostic factor in breast cancer (BC) patients, has a crucial role in their therapeutic approach. Consequently, a great desire is to thoroughly assess the patients based on their axillary LN status. The present study evaluated the characteristics and survival rate of axillary metastatic BC patients in a Tertiary and referral center. Method: The overall survival, disease-free survival, and clinicopathological characteristics of axillary metastatic BC patients referred to the Cancer Research Center in Tehran, Iran, from 1991 to 2022 were assessed retrospectively. We obtained patients’ clinical data from prospectively maintained registries. Result: Among the total 3399 recruited patients, 49.1%, 26.3%,13.1%, and 6.4% were pN0, pN1, pN2 and pN3, respectively. The pN0 group patients showed a significantly lower Hazard Ratio (HR) for DFS and OS compared to others. Moreover, estrogen and progesterone receptors, human epidermal growth factor2, tumor pathology type and tumor grade were prognostic factors of axillary LN status. Accordingly, pN0 patients had a lower recurrence risk than the others (P = 0.01). Conclusion: The axillary lymph node status has been considered as one of the fundamental factors determining the therapeutic strategy and prognosis of BC patients, which has an association with tumor characteristics. Regarding the crucial impact of the LN status on the survival landscape of breast cancer patients, accurate detection of the involved one and close screening follow-up of patients with more metastatic LNs during the surgery have a high value.
Biological control of Schistocerca gregaria and Locusta migratoria migratorioides using Entomopathogenic bacteria
Authors: Muhammad Jihan , Fathy Zeinab , Moussa Saad
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the potential of indigenous entomopathogenic bacterial (EPB) strains from Egypt to control the two most prevalent locust species, Schistocerca gregaria (Forsskål) (Orthoptera: Acrididae), and Locusta migratoria migratorioides (Reiche & Fairmaire) (Orthoptera: Acrididae). To assess the efficacy of the EPB strains, experiments were conducted in the laboratory, semi field, and field. The results showed that Xenorhabdus nematophila (Thomas et Poinar) BA2 (Enterobacterales: Morganellaceae) and Photorhabdus luminescens (Thomas et Poinar) EGAP3 (Enterobacterales: Morganellaceae) were the most effective strains against S. gregaria and L. migratoria migratorioides in laboratory settings. Under semi-field conditions, X. nematophila BA2 recorded nymphal mortality rates of 89.31% and 85.00% against the 2nd and 5th nymph instars of S. gregaria, respectively, and P. luminescens EGAP3 showed nymphal mortality rates of 88.00% and 80.00% against the 2nd and 5th nymph instars of S. gregaria, respectively. In field trials, X. nematophila BA2 exhibited the highest nymphal mortality rate of 88.70% at 7 days after spraying. Overall, the findings of this study suggest that X. nematophila BA2 and P. luminescens EGAP3 are promising candidates for environment-friendly, safe locust pest management. Further research is needed to explore and develop these bacteria for commercial use in agriculture.
Electrophysiologically calibrated optogenetic stimulation of dentate granule cells mitigates dendritic spine loss in denervated organotypic entorhino-hippocampal slice cultures
Authors: Hanauske Tijana , Koretz Carolin Christina , Jungenitz Tassilo , Roeper Jochen , Drakew Alexander , Deller Thomas
Published: February 2025

Organotypic slice cultures (OTCs) are versatile tools for studying long-term structure-function relationships of neurons within a defined network (e.g. hippocampus). We developed a method for repeated experimenter-controlled activation of hippocampal granule cells (GCs) in OTCs within the incubator. After several days of contact-free photonic stimulation, we were able to ameliorate entorhinal denervation-induced structural damage in GCs. To achieve this outcome, we had to calibrate the intensity and duration of optogenetic (light) pulses using whole-cell electrophysiological recordings and multi-cell calcium imaging. Our findings showed that ChR2-expressing cells generated action potentials (APs) or calcium transients in response to illumination but were otherwise functionally indistinguishable from non-transduced GCs within the same neural circuit. However, the threshold for AP firing in single GCs varied based on the stimulus light intensity and the expression levels of ChR2. This information allowed us to calibrate light intensity for chronic stimulations. Denervated GCs exhibited significant spine loss four days post-denervation, but this detrimental effect was mitigated when AP firing was induced at a physiological GC bursting rate. Phototoxic damage caused by chronic light exposure was significantly reduced if illuminated with longer wavelength and by adding antioxidants to the culture medium. Our study presents a versatile approach for concurrent non-invasive manipulation and observation of neural circuit activity and remodeling in vitro.
Global trends and epidemiological impact of metabolic risk factors on atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter from 1990 to 2021
Authors: Liang Junqing , Shen Jun , Guo Yankai , Rejiepu Manzeremu , Ling Xiuwen , Wang Xiaoyan , Jian Yi , Zhang Xing , Shao Shijie , Tang Baopeng , Zhang Ling
Published: February 2025

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter (AFL) are cardiac arrhythmias associated with high morbidity and mortality. This cross-sectional observational study assesses the epidemiological burden of AF/AFL concerning metabolic risk factors using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database. Age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rate (ASDR), mortality, and estimated annual percentage change were calculated. The Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort model was utilized to predict future trends in ASDR and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) for AF/AFL 2030. Between 1990 and 2021, ASDR rose from 34.22 to 34.94, whereas ASMR increased from 1.46 to 1.50 per 100,000 people. High/high–middle Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) regions showed decreasing trends in ASDR and ASMR, whereas low and middle SDI regions showed increasing trends. In 2021, the highest ASDR and ASMR were recorded in Australasia, North America, and Western Europe, with significant country-level variability. Projections indicate a declining trend in ASMR and stable ASDR through 2030. The global rise in AF/AFL attributable to metabolic risk factors necessitates comprehensive and region-specific public health strategies. Further research is warranted to develop and implement effective measures to mitigate these conditions and improve cardiovascular health outcomes worldwide.
A multipath error cancellation method based on antenna jitter
Authors: Liu Jiyang , Wang Feixue , Tang Xiaomei , Wang Sixin , Yuan Muzi
Published: February 2025

Global Navigation Satellite System signals are often affected by multipath errors, which impact the accuracy of positioning measurements. Traditional methods frequently fail to effectively mitigate multipath errors across different environments, primarily due to their inherent sensitivity to varying conditions. Here, we propose a multipath error cancellation method that utilizes antenna jitter, which mitigates multipath errors by rapidly changing the relative phases of direct and multipath signals without requiring changes to the receiver structure. The model that combines theoretical analysis with experimental verification is conducted to identify the minimum jitter amplitude required for effective error reduction in straight-line jitter scenarios. Moreover, extensive satellite data collection and verification were performed in Changsha, China, from December 2023 to August 2024. The results indicate that the proposed method enhances robustness and applicability across various environments compared to traditional approaches. Notably, it enables a vehicle-mounted antenna, priced at just a few dollars, to achieve positioning accuracy comparable to that of high-precision antennas costing thousands of dollars, making advanced positioning technology more accessible.
Haploinsufficient phenotypes promote selection of PTEN and ARID1A-deficient clones in human colon
Authors: Skoufou-Papoutsaki Nefeli , Adler Sam , Mehmed Shenay , Tume Claire , Olpe Cora , Morrissey Edward , Kemp Richard , Girard Anne-Claire , Moutin Elisa B , Chilamakuri Chandra Sekhar Reddy , Miller Jodi L , Lindskog Cecilia , Werle Fabian , Marks Kate , Perrone Francesca , Zilbauer Matthias , Tourigny David S , Winton Douglas J
Published: February 2025

Cancer driver mutations are defined by their high prevalence in cancers and presumed rarity in normal tissues. However, recent studies show that positive selection in normal epithelia can increase the prevalence of some cancer drivers. To determine their true cancer-driving potential, it is essential to evaluate how frequent these mutations are in normal tissues and what are their phenotypes. Here, we explore the bioavailability of somatic variants by quantifying age-related mutational burdens in normal human colonic epithelium using immunodetection in FFPE samples (N = 181 patients). Positive selection of variants of tumour suppressor genes PTEN and ARID1A associates with monoallelic gene loss as confirmed by CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis and changes in their downstream effectors. Comparison of the mutational burden in normal tissue and colorectal cancers allows quantification of cancer driver potency based on relative representation. Additionally, immune exclusion, a cancer hallmark feature, is observed within ARID1A-deficient clones in histologically normal tissue. The behaviour resulting from haploinsufficiency of PTEN and ARID1A demonstrates how somatic mosaicism of tumour suppressors arises and can predispose to cancer initiation.
Excitation–emission matrix spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics for monitoring ozonation of olive oil and olive pomace oil
Authors: Domínguez-Lacueva Paula , Sikorska Ewa , Cantalejo-Díez María J.
Published: February 2025

The effects of ozonation on the Total Polyphenol Content (TPC) of olive oils remain largely unexplored, despite the significant role that polyphenols play in enhancing the health benefits and quality of these oils.
Protein ligation for the assembly and study of nonribosomal peptide synthetase megaenzymes
Authors: Pistofidis Angelos , Schmeing T. Martin
Published: February 2025

NRPS modules are expressed and complexed with substrate analogues separately then ligated to stall at a specific catalytic step, investigated using crystallography.
Fine-tuning of gas uptake and selectivity in a hexafluorozirconate pillared coordination network that features two porous phases
Authors: Harvey-Reid Nathan C. , Scott Hayley S. , Patil Komal M. , Kumar Naveen , Healy Colm , Zaworotko Michael J. , Mukherjee Soumya , Kruger Paul E.
Published: February 2025

We report the synthesis of two novel coordination networks, ZRFSIX-21-Cu-α and ZRFSIX-21-Cu-β, utilising hexafluorozirconate (ZrF62−) anions. Both materials are shown to be C2H2 selective over different gases, based on the synthesised phases.
In-depth electronic behavior of pentagraphene and pentagonal silicene sheets for DNA nucleobase detection: implications for genetic biomarker sensing
Authors: Hassan Arzoo , Mehmood Andleeb , Younis Umer , Tian Xiaoqing
Published: February 2025

Pristine and metal [gold (Au) and tungsten (W)]-doped pentagonal silicene (p-Si) and pentagraphene (PG) as materials for single DNA nucleobase sensors.
Efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production by employing a graphdiyne/NH2-MIL-88B(Fe) composite
Authors: Li Ziyu , Li Mei , Xu Rongsheng , Jin Zhiliang
Published: February 2025

NH2-MIL-88B(Fe) acted as both electron acceptor and electron donor, accelerating the electron transfer and enhancing the photocatalytic hydrogen production efficiency of the composite system.
Recent advances in potassium metal batteries: electrodes, interfaces and electrolytes
Authors: Sun Jianlu , Du Yichen , Liu Yijiang , Yan Dongbo , Li Xiaodong , Kim Dong Ha , Lin Zhiqun , Zhou Xiaosi
Published: February 2025

This review explores the latest advancements in potassium metal batteries, including electrode design, interface engineering, and electrolyte optimization to suppress potassium dendrite formation and enhance cycling stability.
Polystyrene-bound AlCl3 – a catalyst for the solvent-free synthesis of aryl-substituted tetrazoles
Authors: Schmallegger Max , Wiech Mathias , Soritz Sebastian , Velásquez-Hernández Miriam de J. , Bitschnau Brigitte , Gruber-Woelfler Heidrun , Gescheidt Georg
Published: February 2025

We present photopolymerized polystyrene as a support for AlCl3, which is used for the synthesis of tetrazoles under solvent-free conditions.
Triple-chromic (photo-, thermo-, and mechano-chromic) metal complexes containing N-salicylideneaminopyridine ligands
Authors: Sugiyama Haruki , Arita Atsuko , Sekine Akiko , Uekusa Hidehiro
Published: February 2025

Crystals of [Co(NCS)2(3,5-t-Bu-SAP)4] (Co1) exhibit photo-, thermo-, and mechano-chromism. Photo- and thermo-chromism are attributed to SAP ligand isomerization, while mechano-chromism is caused by a change in the metal complex structure.
Tunable transport mode of polaron in polarized Janus MoSSe few-layer structures: a constrained density functional theory study
Authors: He Hong-Shun , Li Yun-Bo , Luo Jifeng , Ge Qingxia , Wu Jian , Zou Daifeng , Xu Ying , Yin Wen-Jin
Published: February 2025

The tunable transport mode of polarons in a heterostructure between intralayer and interlayer transport.
La2ZnGa2S6O: a melilite-type transition metal oxysulfide achieving a well-balanced nonlinear optical behavior
Authors: Xu Jingjing , Xiao Yan , Wu Xiaowen , Zhang Bingbing , Wu Kui
Published: February 2025

La2ZnGa2S6O exhibits the largest SHG response among melilite-type transition-metal oxysulfides. The incorporation of transition and lanthanide metals into the structure offers a feasible strategy for designing new large SHG oxysulfides.
Caffeic acid stimulates migration and invasion of human trophoblast HTR-8/SVneo cells
Authors: Vilotić Aleksandra , Kostić Sanja , Pirković Andrea , Bojić-Trbojević Žanka , Dekanski Dragana , Vrzić-Petronijević Svetlana , Jovanović Krivokuća Milica
Published: February 2025

Caffeic acid (CA) has the potential to modulate human extravillous trophoblast cell function. CA stimulated invasion and migration of trophoblast HTR-8/SVneo cells at least partly through upregulation of the α1 integrin subunit and MMP-2 and -9.
Bifidobacterium bifidum CCFM1163 alleviates cathartic colon by activating the BDNF-TrkB-PLC/IP3 pathway to reconstruct the intestinal nerve and barrier
Authors: Zhu Shengnan , Yu Qiangqing , Xue Yifan , Li Jiazhen , Huang Yin , Liu Wenxu , Wang Gang , Wang Linlin , Zhai Qixiao , Zhao Jianxin , Zhang Hao , Chen Wei
Published: February 2025

Cathartic colon (CC) is a type of slow-transit constipation caused by a patient's long-term use of irritating laxatives. Probiotics play a crucial role in managing constipation.
Metal–organic framework microneedles for precision transdermal drug delivery: design strategy and therapeutic potential
Authors: Jing Yutong , Liu Xueting , Zhu Yajing , Wu Lichuan , Nong Wenqian
Published: February 2025

This review explores the synergistic potential of MOF-based MNs and details strategies for integrating MOFs and various guest molecules within MOFs into MNs to enhance transdermal therapeutic applications.
Thermodynamics and kinetics of early stages of carbon dot formation: a case of citric acid and ethylenediamine reaction
Authors: Pykal Martin , Nociarová Jela , Řeha David , Filo Juraj , Šebela Marek , Zajíček Petr , Paloncýová Markéta , Olla Chiara , Mocci Francesca , Cappai Antonio , Carbonaro Carlo Maria , Baďura Zdeněk , Zdražil Lukáš , Zbořil Radek , Rogach Andrey L. , Medveď Miroslav , Otyepka Michal
Published: February 2025

Owing to their extraordinary photophysical properties, carbon dots (CDs) have found applications across various fields, including bioimaging, sensing, and environmental research.
Recent progress in non-noble metal nano-electrocatalysts for hybrid water splitting
Authors: Hu Ye-Zhou , Zhang Shu-Feng , Han Xiao-Le , Liu Yi
Published: February 2025

This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent progress in non-noble metal-based nanocatalysts for hybrid water splitting, including fundamental concepts, catalysts design, reaction mechanism and typical hybrid water splitting systems.
NIR-II photothermal therapy combined with activatable immunotherapy against the recurrence and metastasis of orthotopic triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Lei Wentao , Wang Yinghui , Zheng Tangyue , Wu Qihang , Wen Hui , Sun Tingting , Liu Jun , Xie Zhigang
Published: February 2025

The combination of NIR-II photothermal therapy and IDO-1 blockade immunotherapy is an effective treatment for orthotopic triple-negative breast cancer.
Effect of Cs vacancy on thermal conductivity in CsPbBr3 perovskites unveiled by deep potential molecular dynamics
Authors: Han Shuhao , Ji Yujin , Li Youyong
Published: February 2025

We utilize DP-GEN to train a complete DP model of CsPbBr3, aiming to investigate its thermal conductivity and explore the effect of Cs vacancy.
Disruption of fibrillar assemblies of l-phenylalanine using polyphenol-passivated nanocarbon as a potential therapeutic strategy against phenylketonuria
Authors: Chatterjee Subir , Kumar Krishan , Kumar Piyush , Thakur Ashwani K. , Misra Santosh K.
Published: February 2025

Polyphenol passivated nanocarbon system with potential to disrupt and inhibit the fibrillar assemblies of aromatic amino acid l-phenylalanine at pathological concentrations.
BH3·SMe2 addition enables molar mass control via chain stabilization in phosphine–borane dehydropolymerization
Authors: Wiebe Matthew A. , Watson Jade E. T. , Killeen Charles , McIndoe J. Scott , Staubitz Anne , Manners Ian
Published: February 2025

BH3·SMe2 enables control over the molecular weight of [PhPH–BH2]n, resulting in high molecular weight, low dispersity polyphosphinoboranes. A new mechanism is proposed, highlighting the role of Lewis acid–base equilibria in regulating chain growth.
Mn doping for regulating the electronic structure of Co3O4 to construct dual active sites for oxygen electrocatalysis
Authors: Shui Ziyi , Tian Huiying , Mu Hang , Xu Liuyun , Gao Xiaoming , Chen Xi
Published: February 2025

In this paper, a novel manganese-doped cobalt oxide (MnCo2O4) has been fabricated by accurately controlling the material microstructure and adjusting the Co/Mn electronic environment.
Photothermal conversion enhances selective hydrogenation over MOF-derived Cu–MoO2 interfaces under ambient conditions
Authors: Yan Songlin , Liu Weihong , Long Jianjun , Wang Kun , Yao Qilu , Feng Gang , Lu Zhang-Hui
Published: February 2025

This study reported a Cu-based non-noble metal catalyst to realize the highly selective hydrogenation of functionalized nitroaromatics under ambient conditions by rational design of metal–metal oxide interfaces.
Chromogenic hydroxyanthraquinone-based enzyme substrates for the detection of microbial β-d-galactosidase, β-d-glucuronidase and β-d-ribosidase
Authors: Burton Michael , Garcha Amy , Marrs Emma C. L. , Perry John D. , Stanforth Stephen P. , Turnbull Graeme , Turner Hayley J.
Published: February 2025

Glycoside derivatives of quinizarin, anthrarufin, and 1-hydroxyanthraquinone for use in microbial diagnostics.
Enhanced adsorption of Congo red onto camphor leaf-derived biosorbents modified with lanthanum
Authors: Gao Peng , Zhuo Yue , Sun Guodong
Published: February 2025

A novel high-performance porous carbon material, lanthanum(iii)-doped camphor leaf-derived porous carbon (La/CPC), was synthesized and used as an adsorbent for the anionic dye Congo red (CR).
Site- and stereoselective silver-catalyzed intramolecular amination of electron-deficient heterobenzylic C–H bonds
Authors: Trinh Tuan Anh , Cherempei Stanislav , Rampon Daniel S. , Schomaker Jennifer M.
Published: February 2025

Rational ligand design in a silver catalyst enables highly selective amination of electron-deficient heterobenzylic C–H bonds via nitrene transfer, with scaffold rigidity crucial for unlocking this elusive reactivity in heteroaromatic compounds.
DNA Nanomaterial-Based Sensing Platform for Exosomal miRNA Detection in Disease Diagnosis
Authors: Zhang Zhikun , Ahamed Md. Ahasan , Yang Dayong
Published: February 2025

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in regulating gene expression and serve as important biomarkers for molecular diagnostics, prognosis, and personalized medicine. Exosomal miRNAs (exo-miRs) are particularly promising due to...
Drop splitting on hydrophobic wedge-shaped tips after central impact: effect of sharpness and wetting properties
Authors: Zhou Xiaoteng , Diaz Diego , Ni Zhongyuan , Shumaly Sajjad , Liu Jie , Kappl Michael , Butt Hans-Jürgen
Published: February 2025

Does a knife-like wedge-shaped tips always split a centrally impacting water drop?  Here, we combine experiments and volume of fluid (VOF) simulations to investigate this process. The answer might surprise you—find out in this manuscript.
Transforming Mo0.5W0.5O3 to MoS2: leveraging selective sulfurization for enhanced electrocatalysis
Authors: Goyal Naveen , Raj Gokul , Nanda Karuna Kar , Ravishankar N.
Published: February 2025

A selective sulfurization strategy for the development of 2D layered materials and heterostructures is presented.
Natively oxidized 2D NbSe2 enables ultralow-power electrical switching
Authors: Xiong Changying , Tang Feiyu , Xu Meng , Shen Jiahao , Li Yi , Xue Kan-Hao , Xu Ming , Miao Xiangshui
Published: February 2025

A threshold switching device with a NbSe2/Nb2O5 functional layer was made by oxidizing 2D NbSe2. Leveraging Nb2O5's high resistivity and NbSe2's blocking effect on Ag ion diffusion, the device achieves low power and high endurance.
Nanocapsules with dual-targeting of cell and mitochondria functions for enhanced hypoxia-activated drug therapy
Authors: Li Fen , Li Ziyi , Zhao Jing , Zhang Qingqing , Wu Mengting , Guo Yingshu
Published: February 2025

CZPA NC, which targets cell and mitochondrial function, can increase intracellular hypoxia and activate a drug to produce radicals, causing DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and changes in mitochondrial morphology.
Correction: Development of a carbon quantum dots-based fluorescent Cu2+ probe suitable for living cell imaging
Authors: Qu Qiang , Zhu Anwei , Shao Xiangling , Shi Guoyue , Tian Yang
Published: February 2025

Correction for ‘Development of a carbon quantum dots-based fluorescent Cu2+ probe suitable for living cell imaging’ by Qiang Qu et al., Chem. Commun., 2012, 48, 5473–5475, https://doi.org/10.1039/C2CC31000G.
Wettability studies of LiCl-KCl and FLiNaK on metal and non-metal substrates
Authors: Yang Qiufeng , Woods Michael E. , Gakhar Ruchi
Published: February 2025

This work reports the wettability characteristics of LiCl-KCl and FLiNaK on various substrates to address the gap in contact angle measurements.
Enhancing the efficiency of CZTSSe solar cells via binary solvent induced microstructure regulation
Authors: Ge Sijie , He Xuanzhi , Zhang Qianli , Lin Junjie , Zeng Yuchang , Lin Yudiao , Lin Conglong , Zhang Yan , Lin Xianzhong
Published: February 2025

Our research focuses on a novel DMSO-IPA binary solvent system for CZTSSe thin film solar cells. Precise ratio adjustment improves film and device qualities. Adding 20% IPA boosts key parameters, increasing PCE from 3.33% to 7.18%.
Accentuation Affects the Planning Scope and Focus–Accentuation Consistency Modulates Sentence Production: Evidence From Eye Movements
Authors: Zhang Zhenghua , Zhang Qingfang
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

Previous studies have shown that the planning scope of sentence production is flexible and influenced by a range of linguistic and extralinguistic factors. However, one important aspect that remains underexplored is the role of prosody, a key component of language, in shaping the planning scope. While it has been established that both conceptual and grammatical information influence sentence production and conceptual information is closely linked with prosodic cues, it remains unclear whether and how prosody, particularly accentuation, affects the planning process. Additionally, there is limited understanding of how conceptual (focus) and prosodic (accentuation) information interact to influence sentence production. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether prosody (specifically, sentence accentuation) influences the planning scope and how the interaction between conceptual focus and prosodic accentuation jointly shapes sentence production.

Method:

Question–answer pairs were used to create focus, and a red dot was added in scenarios as a cue for accentuation. Participants were asked to complete a picture description task and accent the entity with a red dot. We manipulated the accentuation position (initial vs. medial) and focus–accentuation consistency (consistent vs. inconsistent).

Results:

Speech latencies with initial accentuation were shorter than with medial accentuation. Eye-tracking data indicated that speakers preferred to fixate on accented pictures before articulation in initial accentuation, whereas in medial accentuation, speakers first preferred to fixate on deaccented pictures before shifting to accented ones. Both speech and first fixation latencies on accented pictures were shorter in the consistent condition. In the initial accentuation, accented−deaccented advantage scores were higher in the consistent condition from scenario onset to speech onset, while in the medial accentuation, this difference emerged after 220 ms. In addition, a focus inconsistent with the accentuation position slightly increases the acoustic prominence of deaccented information.

Conclusions:

Accentuation positions affect planning scope, with a larger scope for medial accentuation. Additionally, the consistency between focus and accentuation influences sentence production, broadly affecting the processing of accented information and impacting external acoustic prominence. This influence on accented information processing occurs during the conceptualization and linguistic encoding phases, with processing starting more quickly and taking priority when focus and accentuation are consistent. This study provides a more comprehensive understanding of how various linguistic components interact to shape sentence production.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28306436
A study in scarlet. II. Spectroscopic properties of a sample of intermediate-luminosity red transients
Authors: Valerin G. , Pastorello A. , Mason E. , Reguitti A. , Benetti S. , Cai Y.-Z. , Chen T.-W. , Eappachen D. , Elias-Rosa N. , Fraser M. , Gangopadhyay A. , Hsiao E.Y. , Howell D.A. , Inserra C. , Izzo L. , Jencson J. , Kankare E. , Kotak R. , Lundqvist P. , Mazzali P.A. , Misra K. , Pignata G. , Prentice S.J. , Sand D.J. , Smartt S.J. , Stritzinger M.D. , Tartaglia L. , Valenti S. , Anderson J.P. , Andrews J.E. , Amaro R.C. , Barbarino C. , Brennan S. , Bufano F. , Callis E. , Cappellaro E. , Dastidar R. , Della Valle M. , Fiore A. , Fulton M.D. , Galbany L. , Gromadzki M. , Heikkilä T. , Hiramatsu D. , Karamehmetoglu E. , Kuncarayakti H. , Leloudas G. , Limongi M. , Lundquist M. , McCully C. , Müller-Bravo T.E. , Nicholl M. , Ochner P. , Padilla Gonzalez E. , Paraskeva E. , Pellegrino C. , Rau A. , Reichart D.E. , Reynolds T.M. , Roy R. , Salmaso I. , Shahbandeh M. , Singh M. , Sollerman J. , Turatto M. , Tomasella L. , Wyatt S. , Young D.R.
Published: February 2025

We investigate the spectroscopic characteristics of intermediate-luminosity Red Transients (ILRTs), a class of elusive objects with peak luminosity between that of classical novae and standard supernovae. Our goal is to provide a stepping stone in the path to unveiling the physical origin of these events based on the analysis of the collected datasets. We present the extensive optical and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic monitoring of four ILRTs, namely NGC 300 2008OT-1, AT 2019abn, AT 2019ahd and AT 2019udc. First we focus on the evolution of the most prominent spectral features observed in the low-resolution spectra. We then present a more detailed description of the high-resolution spectrum collected for NGC 300 2008OT-1 with the Very Large Telescope equipped with UVES. Finally, we describe our analysis of late-time spectra of NGC 300 2008OT-1 and AT 2019ahd through comparisons with both synthetic and observed spectra. Balmer and Ca lines dominate the optical spectra, revealing the presence of slowly moving circumstellar medium (CSM) around the objects. The line luminosity of Hα, Hβ, and Ca II NIR triplet presents a double peaked evolution with time, possibly indicative of interaction between fast ejecta and the slow CSM. The high-resolution spectrum of NGC 300 2008OT-1 reveals a complex circumstellar environment, with the transient being surrounded by a slow (∼30 km s^-1) progenitor wind. At late epochs, optical spectra of NGC 300 2008OT-1 and AT 2019ahd show broad (∼2500 km s^-1) emission features at ∼6170Å and ∼7000 Å which are unprecedented for ILRTs. We find that these lines originate most likely from the blending of several narrow lines, possibly of iron-peak elements.
Exploring the capability of the HH 80-81 protostellar jet to accelerate relativistic particles
Authors: Méndez-Gallego J. , López-Coto R. , de Oña Wilhelmi E. , Fedriani R. , Otero-Santos J. , Cantürk Y.
Published: February 2025

Context. Protostellar jets driven by massive protostars are collimated outflows producing high-speed shocks through dense interstellar medium. Fast shocks can accelerate particles up to relativistic energies via diffusive shock acceleration, producing non-thermal emission that can generate γ-ray photons. HH 80-81 is one of the most powerful collimated protostellar jets in our Galaxy, with non-thermal emission detected in radio, X-ray, and γ-ray bands. Characterizing the γ-ray emission that originates in the accelerated particles of the region is crucial for demonstrating the capability of protostars to accelerate cosmic rays.

Aims. Our goal is to determine the particle distribution that is producing the γ-ray spectrum of HH 80-81 in order to ascertain the leptonic or hadronic origin of the γ-ray emission. We aim to associate the high-energy emission in the region with the HH 80-81 system, characterize its spectrum, and elaborate emission models based on what we expect from the diffusive shock acceleration.

Methods. We use the 15 yr database provided by the Fermi-LAT satellite to study the high-energy emission of the jet, spanning from 300 MeV to 100 GeV. In addition, we perform a source association based on positional arguments. Then, we employ the naima and Gamera softwares to analyze the possible mechanisms that are producing γ-rays, considering the ambient conditions. We perform a radiative fitting and study the nature of the particles behind the γ-ray emission.

Results. By analyzing all the candidates to produce the γ-ray emission that we detect, we conclude that HH 80-81 is the most probable candidate to explain the γ-ray emission in the region. The detected spectrum can be explained by both hadronic and leptonic particle components.
Estimating masses of supermassive black holes in active galactic nuclei from the Hα emission line
Authors: Dalla Bontà E. , Peterson B.M. , Grier C.J. , Berton M. , Brandt W.N. , Ciroi S. , Corsini E.M. , Dalla Barba B. , Davies R. , Dehghanian M. , Edelson R. , Foschini L. , Gasparri D. , Ho L.C. , Horne K. , Iodice E. , Morelli L. , Pizzella A. , Portaluri E. , Shen Y. , Schneider D.P. , Vestergaard M.
Published: February 2025

The goal of this project is to construct an estimator for the masses of supermassive black holes in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) based on the broad Hα emission line. We made use of published reverberation mapping data. We remeasured all Hα time lags from the original data as we find that reverberation measurements are often improved by detrending the light curves. We produced mass estimators that require only the Hα luminosity and the width of the Hα emission line as characterized by either the full width at half maximum or the line dispersion. It is possible, on the basis of a single spectrum covering the Hα emission line, to estimate the mass of the central supermassive black hole in AGNs with all three parameters believed to affect mass measurement --- luminosity, line width, and Eddington ratio -- taken into account. The typical formal accuracy in such estimates is of order $0.2$ -- 0.3 dex relative to the reverberation-based masses.
Eco-friendly architectural design: Evolving from linear plasticity to sustainable spatial environments
Authors: Pankina Marina , Shabalina Natalia
Published: February 2025

In the professional assessment of methods for searching and implementing the artistic image of a unique architectural object, the analysis of the initial stage of its formation is of utmost importance. The problem of choosing expressive graphic tools for searching and visualizing optimal solutions for architectural complexes, for organically incorporating a building into the surrounding landscape, for understanding the features of the object’s functions and future scenarios for the interaction of people in them does not lose its relevance. In today's diverse toolkit of designers, hand graphics, sketching remain valid and effective methods for searching for an architectural image, despite the available capabilities of computer graphics. The linear plasticity of the drawing makes it possible to simulate a system of interconnected stages from the emotional beginning to the materialized result of the space-planning system of the building. The unique experience of architects of world analysed in determining the harmonious interaction of objects with the spatial environment, choosing sustainable approaches for project. In the analysis of design methods for unique structures, a deep relationship was noted between the original graphic linear plasticity of the sketch and the unique nonlinear volumetric planning solution with modern computer modelling technologies.
Innovative approaches to water resource management in achieving sustainable development goals
Authors: Takhumova Oksana , Goncharova Maria
Published: February 2025

Effective water resource management is pivotal in achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 6, which aims to ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. This paper explores innovative approaches to water resource management that contribute to the realization of SDGs. The study employs a comprehensive bibliographic analysis of recent literature, highlighting technological advancements, policy frameworks, and community-based initiatives that enhance water sustainability. Key innovations discussed include smart water technologies, integrated water resources management (IWRM), nature-based solutions, and participatory governance models. By examining case studies from diverse geographic regions, the research illustrates how these approaches address challenges such as water scarcity, pollution, and inefficient usage. The findings underscore the importance of interdisciplinary strategies that combine technological innovation with robust policy support and active community engagement. Additionally, the paper identifies barriers to the implementation of innovative water management practices, including financial constraints, lack of infrastructure, and socio-political challenges. Recommendations are provided to policymakers, practitioners, and researchers to foster the adoption of sustainable water management solutions. This study contributes to the ongoing discourse on sustainable development by offering insights into effective water management practices that align with global sustainability objectives.
Eco-efficient satellite-based environmental monitoring: Evaluating phase measurement techniques for resource management
Authors: Tryapitsyn Valery , Dubinko Tatyana , Fradkin Juri , Parshin Vyacheslav
Published: February 2025

A comparison of methods for finding phase cycle losses in highprecision navigation satellite measurements was made. A basic algorithm and its improved version were proposed. The results were compared with the Springer algorithm. The results are presented in graphical form. The advantages and disadvantages of the compared methods are described. The accuracy of the method was tested on real measurement data. A conclusion was made about the possibility of the method operating in real time. The method was implemented and tested in a navigation receiver used by the “Farvater” company.
Die Beziehung zwischen Symptomschwere und dem Einfluss traumatischer
Kindheitserfahrungen bei Patienten mit Onlinesexsucht und Patienten mit
Computerspielsucht
Authors: Wölfling Klaus , Beutel Manfred E. , Dominick Nanne , Zumbansen Greta , Müller Kai W.
Published: February 2025

Die Onlinesexsucht gewinnt in der digitalen Welt zunehmend an Relevanz, da
einfacher Zugang zu sexuellen Inhalten die Befriedigung sexueller
Bedürfnisse jederzeit ermöglicht und dies oft mit sozialer Isolation und
realweltlichen Intimitätsproblemen einhergeht. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie
ist es, den Zusammenhang zwischen traumatischen Kindheitserfahrungen und der
Schwere der Symptome bei Patienten mit Onlinesexsucht im Vergleich zu
Patienten mit Computerspielsucht zu untersuchen, wobei angenommen wird, dass
spezifische Traumata die Symptomschwere bei beiden Störungen
beeinflussen.

Die Studie untersuchte Daten von 260 männlichen Patienten, die sich wegen
einer vermuteten Onlinesexsucht oder einer Computerspielsucht in einer
Spezialambulanz für Verhaltenssüchte vorstellten. Nachdem eine klinische
Diagnostik die Störungen identifizierte, wurde mithilfe von Fragebögen
Symptomschwere und traumatische Kindheitserfahrungen erfasst. Nachfolgend
wurden die Beziehungen zwischen traumatischen Erlebnissen und der Schwere
der jeweiligen Suchtstörung analysiert.

Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass zwischen den Patientengruppen keine signifikanten
Unterschiede in der Symptomschwere der spezifischen Abhängigkeit bestanden.
Traumatische Kindheitserfahrungen, wie emotionale Vernachlässigung,
korrelieren stärker mit der Computerspielsucht, während in der Kindheit
erlebter sexueller Missbrauch signifikant häufiger bei Betroffenen mit
Onlinesexsucht auftritt und nur in dieser Gruppe die Symptomschwere der
spezifischen Abhängigkeit vorhersagen kann.

Sowohl die Entwicklung der Onlinesexsucht als auch der Computerspielsucht
kann durch spezifische traumatische Kindheitserfahrungen determiniert sein,
wobei sexueller Missbrauch signifikant mit der Symptomschwere der
Onlinesexsucht korreliert und emotionale Vernachlässigung stärker mit der
Computerspielsucht in Verbindung steht. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass
unterschiedliche Verhaltenssüchte unterschiedliche Behandlungsansätze
erfordern, um gezielt auf die individuellen Erfahrungen und Bedürfnisse der
Betroffenen einzugehen.
Post COVID-19 Condition Patients with Dyspnea Show Diaphragm
Dysfunction in Sonographic Imaging – a Prospective Observational
Study
Authors: Reißhauer Anett , Lerchbaumer Markus Herbert , Drebinger Daniel Andreas , Liebl Max Emanuel , Münch Sebastian , Fischer Thomas
Published: February 2025

Around 6.2% of patients report symptoms as
fatigue, muscle pain and dyspnea more than three months after SARS-CoV-2
infection, defined as post COVID-19 condition (PCC). Non-hospitalized
patients with PCC often show normal pulmonary functioning tests and imaging
but suffer from respiratory symptoms. On clinical examination, PCC with
dyspnea show signs of diaphragmatic dysfunction. The study aimed to
objectively visualize and quantify the diaphragmatic function using
sonographic parameters in PCC patients with and without dyspnea.

Adult PCC patients were prospectively
assessed for dysfunctional breathing and diaphragmatic stiffness using
sonographic imaging. Multiparametric sonography evaluated diaphragm
thickness, mobility, stiffness and elasticity in different breathing cycles
using B-mode imaging, M-mode and quantitative shear wave elastography. PCC
patients were stratified into two groups with and without dyspnea.

Fifty-four post-COVID patients were assessed, of
whom n=24 (44.4%) reported dyspnea and presented dysfunctional breathing,
while 30 PCC without dyspnea served as control. PCC with dyspnea compared to
PCC without dyspnea showed a less deep first breath (5.8 mm vs. 6.5 mm,
p=0.044), reduced diaphragm thickness on inspiration (3.4 mm vs. 3.9 mm,
p=0.030), as well as less increase of diaphragmatic elasticity (108% vs.
146%; p=0.027) and diaphragmatic stiffness (40% vs. 53%; p=0.022) during
inspiration.

Diaphragm dysfunction as a possible origin of
dyspnea in PCC can be assessed and objectively quantified using
multiparametric sonography and may help evaluate therapeutic interventions
that are otherwise overlooked.
Künstliche Intelligenz und Teleradiologie in der Kinder- und Jugendradiologie: eine Umfrage der Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Radiologie (GPR) und der Schweizer Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Radiologie (SGPR)
Authors: Sturm Max-Johann , von Kalle Thekla , Renz Diane Miriam , Klee Dirk , Patsch Janina , Spieth Stephanie , Toso Seema , Stranzinger Enno , Mentzel Hans-Joachim
Published: February 2025

Ziel unserer Arbeit war es, in der deutschsprachigen Kinder- und Jugendradiologie die Einstellung zu KI und Teleradiologie und deren aktuelle Nutzung zu erfassen.

Von März bis Mai 2023 führten wir unter den Mitgliedern der Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Radiologie (GPR) und der Schweizer Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Radiologie (SGPR) eine anonyme Online-Umfrage über die Plattform „SurveyMonkey“ durch. Die Umfrage bestand aus 25 Items mit einer Rating-Skala sowie Freitextergänzungen.

Von den 419 Mitgliedern der Fachgesellschaften haben 36 den Fragebogen vollständig bearbeitet (8,6%). Teleradiologie (50% trifft zu; 27,8% trifft eher zu) und KI (38,9% trifft zu; 22,2% trifft eher zu) wurden vom Großteil der Befragten als relevant für die gesamte Kinderradiologie eingeschätzt. Telekonsiliarische Zweitmeinungen werden regelmäßig in 58% der Abteilungen genutzt. KI spielt momentan bei 52,8% der Befragten keine wesentliche Rolle im Arbeitsalltag. Neben Segmentation werde KI-Anwendungen insbesondere zur Bildakquise sowie Dosisreduktion eingesetzt. Mehr als 80% der Befragten gaben an, dass die Knochenalterbestimmung gut für eine KI-Lösung geeignet sei, jedoch nutzen lediglich 31% der Befragten entsprechende Lösungen in der Routine.

KI und Teleradiologie weisen in der deutschsprachigen Kinderradiologie (Deutschland, Österreich, Schweiz; sog. DACH) eine hohe Akzeptanz auf und werden als eine mögliche Strategie zur Verbesserung der flächendeckenden kinderradiologischen Versorgung gesehen. Dementgegen steht die gegenwärtig geringe Nutzung in der klinischen Routine.
Compact in-vacuum gamma-ray spectrometer for high-repetition rate PW-class laser–matter interaction
Authors: Fauvel G. , Tangtartharakul K. , Arefiev A. , De Chant J. , Hakimi S. , Klimo O. , Manuel M. , McIlvenny A. , Nakamura K. , Obst-Huebl L. , Rubovic P. , Weber S. , Condamine F. P.
Published: February 2025

With the advent of high repetition rate laser facilities, novel diagnostic tools compatible with these advanced specifications are required. This paper presents the design of an active gamma-ray spectrometer intended for these high repetition rate experiments, with particular emphasis on functionality within a PW level laser-plasma interaction chamber’s extreme conditions. The spectrometer uses stacked scintillators to accommodate a broad range of gamma-ray energies, demonstrating its adaptability for various experimental setups. In addition, it has been engineered to maintain compactness, electromagnetic pulse resistance, and ISO-5 cleanliness requirements while ensuring high sensitivity. The spectrometer has been tested in real conditions inside the PW-class level interaction chamber at the BELLA center, LBNL. The paper further details the calibration process, which utilizes a 60Co radioactive source, and describes the unfolding technique implemented through a stochastic minimization method.
Multi-source physical information driven deep learning in intelligent education: Unleashing the potential of deep neural networks in complex educational evaluation
Authors: Xing Zhizhong , Yang Ying , Tan Li , Guo Xiaojun
Published: February 2025

With the urgent global demand for sustainable development, intelligent education driven by multi-source physical information has attracted widespread attention as an innovative educational model. However, in the context of dual carbon, achieving sustainable and efficient development of intelligent education faces many difficulties, and one of the important challenges is how to effectively evaluate students. The application of deep neural networks in educational evaluation is an important direction for the development of educational digitization. Currently, there is an urgent need to conduct research on the value of empowering educational evaluation with deep neural networks. We first studied the principles and characteristics of deep neural network technology in educational evaluation; second, three major advantages of deep neural networks in empowering educational evaluation were pointed out: objectivity in evaluating diversified educational data, accuracy in evaluating intelligent perception of educational information, and deep mining of educational data information for evaluation; finally, the key challenges faced by empowering deep neural networks in educational evaluation were clarified from the perspectives of educational environment, educational theoretical knowledge, and interpretability. This research provides new ideas and methods for the sustainable and efficient development of intelligent education driven by multi-source physical information and lays the foundation for breaking through the traditional methods of education evaluation in the new era of dual carbon sustainable development.
Orbital debris-generated ion acoustic solitons in isothermal magnetized plasma
Authors: Ganguli Gurudas , Crabtree Chris , Fletcher Alex , Sen Abhijit
Published: February 2025

The generation mechanism for ion acoustic solitons due to speeding orbital debris in warm isothermal ionospheric plasma with the background magnetic field oriented at an arbitrary angle to the debris trajectory is analyzed. It is found that the fluctuations in the floating potential, which the debris acquires due to charging, can be amplified into growing ion acoustic waves by plasma streaming onto the debris. Normally, the ion acoustic fluctuations are ion Landau damped in the ionosphere because their phase speed matches the acoustic speed for equal ion and electron temperatures. However, in the debris frame, the plasma streams with an inhomogeneous velocity profile. The velocity shear in the streaming ions can overcome Landau damping by effectively increasing the wave phase speed by a factor proportional to the product of the shear and the wave normal angle, causing the Landau resonance to match the velocities of the tail of the distribution rather than the core. Consequently, the fluctuations can grow to sufficiently large amplitudes even in an isothermal plasma and trigger nonlinear effects resulting in ion acoustic solitons. For debris motion at an angle to the magnetic field, unique signatures are generated by the combination of coherent and incoherent processes—both along and across the magnetic field directions. These may be exploited for distinguishing between debris-generated soliton signatures and those arising due to natural causes and thereby facilitate positive identification of the orbital debris.