bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanofibrous piezoelectric structures for composite materials to be used in electrical and electronic components
Authors: Fabiani D , Grolli F , Selleri G , Speranza M , Brugo T M , Maccaferri E , Cocchi D , Zucchelli A
Published: August 2019

This paper deals with realization of multifunctional composite materials, having piezoelectric effect. First of all polymeric mats of electrospun piezoelectric nanofibers were realized with different geometries. Such effect has been maximized by designing properly the electrospinning apparatus in order to enhance the electric field in the interelectrodic space which polarize the dipolar moments. The mats are then integrated in a silicon rubber matrix and measurements of the electromechanical response of the composite materials thus manufactured are performed. A good integration of nanofibers inside the host material is evidenced by electron microscopy images, allowing delaminations, which could occur using piezoelectric films, to be avoided. A large electrical response to both impact and vibration stimuli has been finally demonstrated.
Precision Calibration System for Partial Discharge Calibrators
Authors: Havunen Jussi , Hällström J
Published: August 2019

Partial discharge calibrators need to be periodically calibrated traceable to national standards. VTT MIKES, the National Metrology Institute (NMI) of Finland, has official expertise to calibrate the apparent charge of PD calibrators from 1 pC to 100 nC according to IEC 60270. Recently, VTT MIKES has developed techniques to measure charges as low as 0.01 pC with 3 % uncertainty (k = 2). VTT MIKES has participated to an intercomparison of four NMI’s in 2018 and the results indicate that VTT MIKES can both expand their official measurement capabilities and lower their uncertainties. This paper presents VTT MIKES’s precision calibration system for PD calibrators. Additionally, an overview of commercial PD calibrators’ performance is provided and compared to the requirements of IEC 60270. Data is based on the calibrations performed during the last 10 years.
Limitations Regarding Use of the ABC-Model for Interpretation of Partial Discharge Measurements
Authors: Aakre T G , Skattenborg R , Ildstad E
Published: August 2019

The main purpose of the work presented here is to facilitate use of partial discharge (PD) measurements as a diagnostic tool for condition assessment of hydropower generator bars. The main aim of the work is to clarify how measured inception and extinction voltage, detected number and magnitude of PDs relate to the void size and the physical discharge mechanisms in the voids. The laboratory tests were performed on 3 mm thick samples, consisting of three 1 mm thick layers containing a cylindrical disc shaped void in the center of the middle layer. The void diameters varied from 3 to 20 mm. Insulation discs of polycarbonate and generator insulation based on mica and glass fiber reinforced epoxy tape were examined. In case of the polycarbonate samples comparable tests were performed on objects with either conductive or insulting void surfaces. During application of a stepwise increasing/decreasing 50 Hz AC voltage, the partial discharge activity was detected using a conventional PRPDA detection system.The inception voltage was found to decrease with increasing void diameter, in accordance with results from electric field calculations showing increased field enhancement in the larger voids. In all cases the apparent discharge magnitude increased with increasing diameter. In case of conducting void surfaces this discharge magnitude and number of PDs per period were, in accordance with the theory, found to be proportional to the total surface area of the void. In case of voids with insulating surfaces, this proportionality was valid up to a void diameter of 10 mm. Larger voids resulted in higher number of PD each at lower apparent charge magnitude than expected, indicating several parallel discharges, during which a section of the void surface is discharged only. In contradiction to the assumptions of the abc-model nearly no difference was observed between the PD inception and extinction voltage, indicating a high and rapidly decaying remanent charge.Thus, the abc-model assumption of each PD causing a complete void discharging is only fulfilled if the surfaces are conducting, or the voids are small. The results indicate that changes of internal conditions of the void during the period of PD measurements
Review of CIGRE TB 496 regarding Prequalification Test on Extruded MVDC Cables
Authors: Buchner Anton , Schichler Uwe
Published: August 2019

The well established HVDC power transmission technology is currently also seen as a viable solution for the medium-voltage range and there is a growing demand for extruded MVDC cables. The CIGRE TB 496 gives recommendations for highvoltage tests on extruded DC cable systems with rated voltage up to 500 kV, but do not consider the technical differences  between HVDC and MVDC cables. Therefore, the prequalification test described in CIGRE TB 496 is analysed and an optimised PQ test is proposed for extruded MVDC cables.
Comparison of Low and High Frequency Partial Discharge Measurements on Stator Windings
Authors: Stone Greg C , Sedding Howard
Published: August 2019

Partial discharge (PD) testing has been used for over 60 years primarily as a method to assess condition of the stator winding insulation in motors and generators rated 6 kV and above. More recently it has also been used by some machine manufacturers as a means of assuring the quality of the insulation on single winding elements (coils and bars). Although both on-line and off-line tests mainly use a high voltage capacitor to detect the PD, the PD measuring systems in use work either in the low frequency (LF) regime (less than about 1 MHz) or in the very high frequency (VHF) (30-300 MHz) range. By reference to several international standards, published work as well as some experiments described in this contribution, the advantages and disadvantages of the two approaches are compared. Based on this work, it is now clear that off-line PD tests should be done in the LF range. For on-line tests, either method may be used, but use of the VHF method has become more widespread with machine end users, since the owners themselves can perform and interpret the results with a relatively low risk of false indications.
Factors Influencing Children’s Tooth Brushing Intention: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour
Authors: Davison Jenny , McLaughlin Marian , Giles Melanie
Published: August 2019

Objective: The aim of the present study was to employ the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to predict and explain intentions and motivations to brush teeth among primary school children in Northern Ireland (NI).Design: Primary schools in NI were sorted by a number of key stratification variables and then randomly sampled. Twenty-seven schools took part in the research, and a questionnaire that incorporated both direct and indirect constructs of the TPB, related to tooth brushing behaviour, was administered to a sample of 867 year six school children.Results: Multiple regression analyses provided support for the TPB; together the TPB constructs predicted 57.1% of the variance in intentions to brush teeth. Correlational analyses confirmed self-efficacy as having the strongest association with intentions, followed by attitude, subjective norm and perceived control.Conclusion: The findings obtained in the present study suggest that the TPB is a useful framework for investigating children’s tooth brushing intentions, and provides the foundation for designing an intervention aimed at encouraging tooth brushing behaviour among children.
MONITORAMENTO DAS ATRIBUIÇÕES DE NUTRICIONISTAS DO PROGRAMA NACIONAL DE ALIMENTAÇÃO ESCOLAR EM MUNICÍPIOS DO TOCANTINS
Authors: Dos Santos Dayane Justo , Fialho Claudia Jaqueline , De Medeiros Moreira Renata Andrade , Ferro Lisandra Lustoza
Published: August 2019

A participação do nutricionista como responsável técnico do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) é de relevância para o cumprimento do programa. O estudo visou conhecer a atuação do nutricionista responsável técnico pelo PNAE do Estado do Tocantins. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com abordagem quantitativa realizado pelo Centro Colaborador em Alimentação e Nutrição Escolar da Universidade Federal do Tocantins (CECANE-UFT). A população desta pesquisa constituiu de 24 nutricionistas, responsáveis técnicos do PNAE dos municípios selecionados e listados pelo Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação. Foram selecionados 25 municípios, no entanto, apenas 4 não responderam o formulário, devido não ter um nutricionista como responsável técnico. Para coleta de dados foi aplicado um formulário estruturado com perguntas referentes às ações de alimentação e nutrição nas escolas; ao responsável técnico pelo programa; e Monitoramento. Os dados foram analisados por frequência absoluta e relativa. Dos 21 formulários respondidos verificou-se que 27,8% realizavam diagnóstico nutricional, 44,4% não elaboravam fichas técnicas, 57,9% não realizavam relatório das etapas do teste de aceitabilidade, 33,3% faziam o cálculo do índice de adesão, 53,8% realizavam controle de qualidade de alimentos, 72,2% não elaboravam Manual de Boas Práticas de Fabricação e 68,8% dos nutricionistas não realizaram treinamento com os manipuladores, não cumprindo assim todas as atividades obrigatórias de nutricionista responsável técnico estabelecido pelo Conselho Federal de Nutricionistas (CFN). Concluiu-se que a execução das atividades obrigatórias e atribuições do nutricionista não estão sendo executadas e precisam ser acompanhadas, demonstrando a relevância da assessoria e monitoramento do CECANE-UFT aos municípios.
A promoção de saúde pública a grupos vulneráveis como forma de extensão universitária e compromisso social
Authors: Ferreira Silva Marcello José , Favacho Silva Ana Beatriz , Lima Nascimento Júnior João Bosco , Fontel dos Reis Junior Luiz Wanderley , Lima Bonfim Neto Luiz
Published: August 2019

Introdução: As condições sociais e econômicas representam dois dos Determinantes Sociais em Saúde (DSS). Objetivo: promover educação em saúde sobre prevenção de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis com catadores do lixão do Aurá. Metodologia: Os acadêmicos participantes da ação foram capacitados por uma profissional médica sobre a disseminação das DCNT’s, principalmente a relação entre as condições socioeconômicas dos indivíduos e o desencadeamento dessas morbidades. Realizou-se uma ação na sede da Associação dos Catadores de Lixo do Aurá com os catadores do lixão, em Ananindeua. Resultados com discussões: Esse trabalho proporcionou, aos acadêmicos, contato com a carência dessa população em informações sobre saúde, em frequência de exames de saúde e qualquer tipo de cuidado, no geral; ademais, que a saúde publica precisa ser oportunizada a todos os indivíduos, principalmente na atenção básica. Para os catadores, estes obtiveram como beneficio mais importante a oportunidade de serem avaliados sob uma ótica instruída e se sentirem mais esclarecidos, cuidados.
Programa Culturando: uma ponte entre Academia e Sociedade
Authors: Melo Marina Luciana Abreu de , Guimarães Eduardo Vieira , Silva Ernani Clarete da
Published: August 2019

No Brasil, os direitos sociais garantidos por lei são frequentemente violados. A consequente desigualdade social é refletida na restrição ao acesso de bens culturais e artísticos, bem como à educação de qualidade e à capacitação profissional. Diante desse cenário, os objetivos do Programa Culturando foram: I - promover a Cultura, as Artes, a Educação ambiental e a Capacitação profissional como instrumentos efetivos para a Extensão universitária e II - construir uma ponte permanente entre o campus Sete Lagoas da Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ-CSL), e as comunidades em seu entorno. Para isso, optou-se por uma metodologia baseada na pesquisa participante, em que o público-alvo das ações de intervenção é considerado coprodutor do conhecimento. O Programa adotou um formato operacional subdividido em diferentes frentes, que são conduzidas de maneira integrada. A parceria com a associação comunitária Projeto Local de Envolvimento Comunitário (PLEC) foi ampliada e consolidada, viabilizando a realização de oficinas educacionais e de capacitação direcionadas à população adjacente ao campus, além de um evento anual (Integrando) com diversas ações concentradas ao longo de um dia. Com o apoio de outros grupos de Extensão, duas edições do Integrando foram realizadas em 2017-2018, gerando um impacto sem precedentes nas comunidades envolvidas.
A implantação da Aprendizagem Criativa na Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brasil, através do Programa “Little Hearts Changing Lives”
Authors: Szkudlarek Ariani Cavazzani , Gonçalves Ana Beatriz Clemente , Jarek Viviane , Salles Ana Luiza , Da Cruz Andressa Koch , Hartman Beatriz Cristine , Bacil Letícia Furman , Cabral Marcus Vinicius Di Crovador , Da Silva Matheus Barbalho Martins , Dos Santos Matheus Bieberbach Rodrigues , Brito Lilian Messias Sampaio , Maciel Oliveira Camila
Published: August 2019

Há no Brasil um grande esforço voltado para a construção de modelos de atenção à saúde que contemplem a melhoria da qualidade de vida da população. Neste contexto, intervenções comunitárias voltadas para a promoção de saúde, podem ser consideradas como potenciais aliadas. O objetivo do presente artigo é descrever as ações realizadas pelo projeto de extensão derivado do Programa de intervenção “Little Hearts Changing Lives”, cujo intuito é a promoção da saúde no ambiente escolar corroborando com a prevenção de doenças cardiometabólicas futuras através da Aprendizagem Criativa. Este projeto, por visar a multidisciplinaridade desde sua concepção, reuniu discentes e docentes de cursos como Medicina, Fisioterapia, Nutrição, Educação Física e Comunicação da Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR). Embora ainda escassos na literatura, projetos de extensão como estes, voltados para a promoção de saúde na educação infantil, podem contribuir positivamente para o impacto social de comunidades.
The academic portfolio: Validation of the learning journey
Authors: Horton Sandra L. , Drake Debbie J. , Kershaw Patricia A. , Murray Nancy A.
Published: August 2019

As academicians, students’ learning achievements must be described to ascertain programmatic quality and professional accreditation. Additionally, demonstrating accountability is pivotal for application to nursing students’ learning in patient situations and leadership decision-making. In this process review, nursing student learning was validated by the use of academic portfolios. Learning was authenticated by having the students identify evidence of their learning applied to school of nursing and program outcomes for nursing administration, the Essentials of Master’s Education in Nursing, and the American Organization for Nursing Leadership (AONL) competencies. The AONL competencies were a crucial measurement which enabled students to better view the full scope of their roles as nursing leaders. These academic portfolios provided illustrative vignettes of application of students’ learning throughout the master in nursing administration program. Academic portfolios personify the students’ learning experiences to validate student learning for academic reviewers, provide continuous quality improvement for nursing programs, and guide the learning application to the students’ future careers and lives. These results will also demonstrate program success during an upcoming accreditation survey thus fulfilling a triple objective with one academic project: assessment of student goal achievement, program goal attainment, and accreditation preparedness.
The Impact of Enhanced Commissioning Process on AEC Professionals - A Case Study of LEED New Construction in Egypt
Authors: Mansour Osama E. , Elrawy Omar O.
Published: August 2019

In this study, the authors explore the impact of the enhanced commissioning process required by LEED certification on the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) professionals through a case study of a (LEED) New Construction in New Cairo, Egypt. While research has consistently shown the positive impact of green-rated buildings on building occupants, little research discusses the impact of green building rating on AEC professionals. Observation, document analysis, and interview of AEC professionals were used throughout the course of design and construction to identify the impact of the enhanced commissioning process on the quality of Project delivery and experience of AEC professionals. All technical and managerial issues of the entire enhanced commissioning process were recorded and thoroughly analyzed. As a result, a comprehensive comparison between mainstream projects and the current LEED-certified building is established. The study introduces a novel insight on green building design and construction practice as a potential culture of quality for the building industry in developing countries.
Mythicist Foundations of State Terror
Authors: Campbell James R. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2019

This essay examines the traumas inflicted by acts of false-flag state terrorism on 11 September 2001, and their concealment by exploitation of mythicist falsifications that are endemic to our culture—while also paying particular attention to parallels between the staging of explosive demolitions for the WTC Towers and gutting of the Reichstag by Nazi incendiaries in 1933. The study culminates in a depiction—based on heuristic distinctions between natural, gnomic, alethic, and personal wills—of how we become vulnerable to mythicist falsifications, and how truth-telling facilitates recovery of our moral integrity after the twin traumas of betrayal by acts of state terror, and complicity with that betrayal, have deeply compromised it.
A Stoic View of Stress and Coping among College and University Students
Authors: Ohayon Charlie , Flanagan Tara ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2019

Changing the appraisal of stress to foster adaptive coping for students is explored by proposing an alternative lens theory of viewing the stress response from the perspective of Greek philosophy of Stoicism. The connection of Lazarus’s challenge appraisal (Lambert and Lazarus, “Psychological Stress and the Coping Process,” 634) to resilience and Stoicism is a novel perspective brought about by re-examining the foundations of current practices and has the potential to elicit new research, theories, and resources to help students learn to cope with stress differently. The concepts of stress, Stoicism, and resilience are all inextricably linked, however Stoicism is at the root of these ideas. This proposal to view stress through the lens of Stoicism is an opportunity to alter the way students think and respond to challenges by using an ancient philosophy to have a positive outlook on the stresses of modern university life.
Metacontrol of decision-making strategies in human aging
Authors: Bolenz Florian , Kool Wouter , Reiter Andrea MF , Eppinger Ben
Published: August 2019

Humans employ different strategies when making decisions. Previous research has reported reduced reliance on model-based strategies with aging, but it remains unclear whether this is due to cognitive or motivational factors. Moreover, it is not clear how aging affects the metacontrol of decision making, that is the dynamic adaptation of decision-making strategies to varying situational demands. In this cross-sectional study, we tested younger and older adults in a sequential decision-making task that dissociates model-free and model-based strategies. In contrast to previous research, model-based strategies led to higher payoffs. Moreover, we manipulated the costs and benefits of model-based strategies by varying reward magnitude and the stability of the task structure. Compared to younger adults, older adults showed reduced model-based decision making and less adaptation of decision-making strategies. Our findings suggest that aging affects the metacontrol of decision-making strategies and that reduced model-based strategies in older adults are due to limited cognitive abilities.
Taxonomic revision of the genusCranichis(Orchidaceae, Cranichideae) in Colombia
Authors: Szlachetko Dariusz L. , Kolanowska Marta
Published: August 2019

The geographical range of the orchid genusCranichisextends from USA, Central America, and the Caribbean to Bolivia and Argentina—with the greatest diversity observed in the Andean region. This taxon embraces herbs with the scape and basal leaves developing from a single, terminal bud and having the scape enclosed in several sheaths. The small, non-resupinate, flowers are arranged in a racemose inflorescence. The petals and lip are free from the column part and their gynostemium is short and massive. In this paper, the synopsis ofCranichisin Colombia is presented. Each species occurring in the country is characterized and illustrated. The information about habitat and distribution of national genus representatives are provided. Several groups of species that are very similar in their morphology are delineated to facilitate process of species identification. A total of 10 species are described here as new. Lectotypes for the six speciesCranichis ciliata,C. fendleri,C. mandonii,C. tenuis,C. viereckii, andC. wagenerihave been selected. Additionally, two new nomenclatorial combinations withinOcampoaare proposed.
Proximate Composition, Minerals and Heavy Metals Content of Cassava, Plantain and Yam Flour Sold in Some Markets in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Maduka Ndukwe , Elenwo Mercy , Odu Ngozi Nma
Published: August 2019

The quality of retailed samples of cassava, yam and plantain flour produced in private homes without adequate monitoring is a concern to consumers. Consequently, this study was aimed at determining proximate composition, minerals and heavy metals content of fifteen (15) packaged and 15 exposed samples of flours obtained from three (3) supermarkets and 3 open markets in Port Harcourt, respectively using standard methods. Control samples were prepared in the laboratory. This study was carried out between April - August, 2017. Results obtained showed significant differences (p=.05) between each of the flours. Protein content of exposed cassava flour (2.3%) was higher than other cassava flour samples. Meanwhile, that of yam flour (3.22%) used as control was the highest among all flours. Crude fibre content of the cassava flour (3.12 - 5.46%) was higher than that of other flour samples. Ash content of the flour samples were lower than that of plantain flour (2.7 - 7.07%). Both moisture content of plantain flour used as control (13.22%) and exposed plantain flour (10.3%) were higher than that of other flour samples. Potassium, sodium, iron and calcium content of the packaged flour samples were higher than their respective control and exposed samples with few exceptions. Interestingly, heavy metals content of all samples were below Codex Alimentarius Commission permissible limits of 1.5, 1.0 and 1.0 mg/Kg for Pb, Cd and As, respectively. Therefore, flour fortification to improve their nutritional qualities as well as retailing only sealed flour samples could increase consumers’ confidence.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Urinary Schistosomiasis among Basic School Children in the Akyemansa District, Ghana
Authors: Abaka-Yawson Albert , Hotorvi Christian , Oduro Enos Amoako , Tawiah Philip Apraku , Quarshie Solomon Sosu , Kumi Albert Awuku , Arhin-Wiredu Kingsley
Published: August 2019

Background: Globally, urinary schistosomiasis has devastating implications on school children. It predisposes them to dysuria, haematuria among others which can negatively influence their academic performance. This study determined the prevalence and associated risk factors of urinary schistosomiasis among basic school children in the Akyemansa district. 

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study design using multi-stage sampling was used to enroll 504 basic school children from six communities of the Akyemansa District into study. Structured questionnaires were used to gather information on risk factors. Urine samples were collected and microscopically examined for the presence of Schistosoma haematobium (SH) ova. The observed ova were then quantified as light or heavy.

Results: Prevalence of SH infection among school children in Akyemansa District was 10.32% [95% CI: 7.80 -13.31%]. Out of 52 participants who were infected, 69.2% had light infection whilst the rest had heavy infection. Female participants were less likely to be infected with SH than males [OR=0.47; 95% CI: 0.23-0.97], children who do not stay by the river/stream were also less likely to be infected with SH compared to those who lived near waterbodies [OR=0.35; 95% CI: 0.17-0.72]. Additionally, participants who did not play around water bodies were also less likely to be infected with SH compared to those who did [OR=0.17; 95% CI= 0.04-0.71; p=0.015]. However, inhabitants of Kotokuom were more likely to be infected compared to those in Pawuda [OR=8.54; 95% CI: 1.91-38.27; p=0.005]

Conclusion: The prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis among basic school children in the Akyemansa district was found to be 10.32% [95% CI: 7.80 -13.31%]. Gender, staying around river/ stream, playing at river/ stream and habitation of participants were significantly associated with the prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium infection. The study therefore recommends that periodic drug administration and a comprehensive intervention strategy should be designed and implemented to reduce schistosomiasis prevalence.
The Influence of Social Media on the Domestic Tourist's Travel Motivation Case Study: Kota Tua Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Damanik Darmawan , Wachyuni Suci Sandi , Wiweka Kadek , Setiawan Ari
Published: August 2019

The growth of information and technology has given significant influence on the tourism industry and system, both positive and negative impacts. As of now, through social media, tourists and destinations or tourism attractions may interact with one another, monitor, and give opinions, as well as evaluate every form of service given firsthand, by various internet platforms. One of the heritage site tourism attractions that utilize social media in attracting tourists' interest is Kota Tua. This study aims to identify social media used by the Kota Tua tourism area manager as a media to promote; furthermore, this study compares the performance of each social media platforms. Also, this study examines the influence of social media toward tourist motivation in visiting Kota Tua Jakarta. The approach utilized in this study is quantitative with a descriptive method. Whereas the sampling technique used is incidental sampling with the number of involved respondents of 100 people. Gathered data is then analyzed through linear regression analysis method by using SPPS v.25.0 program. Linear regression analysis is conducted to see if there are any social media influences toward the tourist motivation of visit. This study has found that visitors that come to Kota Tua are mostly high school students, whereas the most frequently used type of social media to access information about Kota Tua is Instagram. The result of data analysis also shows that there is indeed a correlation between social media variable with the tourist motivation of visit to Kota Tua Jakarta. This study is expected to be a reference related to the role of social media for the tourism industry, especially historical heritage attractions. The limitations of this study are respondents who are limited and cannot represent or be generalized as domestic tourists in general (Indonesian scope).
Colon Interposition for Esophageal Reconstruction in Cancer Patients
Authors: Hangaard Martin H. , Mortensen Michael B.
Published: August 2019

Objective:

The aim of this study was to report our experience with colon interposition (COI) and to compare the results with an extensive review of the COI literature.

Summary of Background Data:

The stomach is the first choice as an esophageal substitute following esophagectomy in cancer patients, while COI is reserved for patients where the stomach is not available or must be included in the resection due to cancer.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed the records of cancer patients undergoing colon interposition from 2006 to 2017. Outcomes were compared with an extensive review of the literature published between 2000 and 2017.

Results:

A total of 13 patients underwent planned COI. Mortality was zero and overall morbidity was 53%; 4 patients suffered from leakage and 2 patients from strictures. None of the patients suffered from necrosis of the interponat and there was no need for subsequent redundancy operations.

The extensive review identified 23 publications. Overall study grading was low (grade C). Only 3 studies were prospective, no randomized studies were found, and many outcomes were poorly defined. The rates for 30-day and in-hospital mortality were 1% and 2%, respectively. Overall morbidity was 43%. The reported number of leakages, strictures, necrosis of the interponat, and redundancy operations varied between 0% and 50%, 0% and 21%, 0% and 9%, and 0% and 2%, respectively.

Conclusions:

COI is a complex technique that is necessary in a relatively small group of selected patients after esophagectomy for cancer. Prospective and comparative studies with strict outcome definitions, long-term follow up, and patient reported outcome measures are lacking.
Am I guilty or not? Deontological guilt, uncertainty, and checking behavior
Authors: Giacomantonio Mauro , Salvati Marco , Mancini Francesco
Published: August 2019

Literature suggests that checking behaviors are aimed at reducing feelings of uncertainty both in clinical samples with obsessive‐compulsive disorder and in general population. Previous studies also showed that deontological guilt is an emotion often associated with obsessive‐compulsive disorder. Thus, the aim of the current study was to investigate the differences in checking behaviors in the condition of high versus low uncertainty, by exploring the moderating role of deontological versus altruistic guilt. Participants were 108 undergraduate Italian university students who took part in a visual search task designed to elicit checking behavior. Ahead of the visual task, participants were administered one scenario in order to manipulate either deontological or altruistic guilt. The results showed that in the condition of uncertainty, compared with the condition of certainty, participants spent more time in checking behaviors and that such a difference was more consistent when participants experienced deontological rather than altruistic guilt. Limitations and further directions are discussed.
Characterizing the Use of Expectations in Orthopedic Surgery Research: A Scoping Review
Authors: Cortes Alejandro , Meints Samantha M. , Katz Jeffrey N.
Published: August 2019

Objective

Orthopedic literature on expectations is limited by lack of uniformity in how expectations are defined, conceptualized, and measured. Within this scoping review, we present a conceptual framework for understanding the construct of expectations and its derivatives (ie, expectation, expectancy, expectancies, etc) in studies of elective surgical orthopedic procedures. We also utilize this framework to map the current orthopedic surgery literature on expectations, highlighting its strengths, weaknesses, and gaps in its knowledge base.

Methods

We included articles that mentioned both expectations and one or more of 10 selected surgeries in their title or abstract. We focused on representative elective orthopedic surgeries that covered the body's major regions. We operationalized each study's individual expectation items into one of the expectation concept types within the presented conceptual model. We also extracted the name and type of expectations measurement tool used, whose expectations were measured, and descriptive information (eg, surgery type, publication date, country of origin, and study type).

Results

Ninety studies were included, with 70% published after 2008. A total of 64% investigated total knee and total hip arthroplasty, whereas 90% of studies investigated the expectations of patients, 5.6% investigated the expectations of physicians, and 4.4% investigated both. Of all studies, 72% utilized either study‐specific instruments with close‐ended, Likert‐type response formats or modifications of existing expectations questionnaires. Most studies focused on desirable, nontimeline‐related, treatment outcome expectations. Many studies aggregated multiple expectation results into a single score.

Conclusion

Adopting the standardized framework for expectations presented in this study will foster clearer communication and permit researchers to aggregate results across studies.
Optimization of Organic/Water Hybrid Electrolytes for High‐Rate Carbon‐Based Supercapacitor
Authors: Xiao Dewei , Dou Qingyun , Zhang Li , Ma Yalan , Shi Siqi , Lei Shulai , Yu Haiyun , Yan Xingbin
Published: August 2019

“Water‐in‐salt” (WIS) electrolytes with wide electrochemical stability windows (ESWs) have made a breakthrough in energy density of aqueous batteries and supercapacitors (SCs), but the sluggish ion diffusion limits their widespread application. Although the ion diffusion of WIS electrolytes can be improved by the addition of organic co‐solvents, the effects of types and amounts of added organic solvents on the physicochemical properties of hybrid electrolytes are not clear. Here, the conductivity, ESW, and flammability of a series of hybrid electrolytes prepared by adding different organic solvents to a typical lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI)‐based WIS electrolyte are systematically studied. The results show that acetonitrile (ACN) is the best one to improve ion diffusion while maintaining high‐level safety and wide ESW. Furthermore, a ternary phase diagram of LiTFSI/H2O/ACN is drawn to comprehensively show the relationship among the conductivity, flammability, and solubility of the hybrid electrolytes. According to the guidance of this phase diagram, an optimal hybrid electrolyte (LiTFSI/H2O/(ACN)3.5) is obtained, and the carbon‐based symmetric SC using such hybrid electrolyte is able to fully work at 2.4 V with superior rate capability and excellent cycling stability over 40 000 cycles.
Triamine‐Based Aromatic Cation as a Novel Stabilizer for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Kim Jinhyun , Yun Alan Jiwan , Gil Bumjin , Lee Younghyun , Park Byungwoo
Published: August 2019

Operational stability of perovskite solar cells has been a challenge from the beginning of perovskite research. In general, humidity and heat are the most well‐known degradation sources for perovskites, requiring ideal design of perovskite chemistry to withstand them. Although triple‐cation perovskite (Cs0.05(FA0.85MA0.15)0.95Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3) has been already introduced as the stable perovskite material, the high reactivity of methylammonium and formamidinium in the cation sites demands further modification. Herein, 1,2,4‐triazole is suggested as an effective cation solute to improve the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells. 1,2,4‐Triazole is an aromatic cation with low dipole moment that is stable under humidity and heat. It also possesses three nitrogen atoms, forming additional hydrogen bonds in the lattice, stabilizing the material. In this study, the solar cell utilizing 1,2,4‐triazole alloying achieves a power conversion efficiency of 20.9% with superior stability under extreme condition (85 °C/85% of relative humidity (RH), encapsulated) for 700 h. The 1,2,4‐triazole‐alloyed perovskite exhibits reduced trap density and film roughness and enhanced carrier lifetime with electrical conductivity, suggesting an ideal perovskite structure for efficient and stable optoelectronic applications.
Unusual Competitive and Synergistic Effects of Graphite Nanoplates in Engine Oil on the Tribofilm Formation
Authors: Pham Sang T. , Wan Shanhong , Tieu Kiet A. , Ma Ming , Zhu Hongtao , Nguyen Huynh H. , Mitchell David R. G. , Nancarrow Mitchell J.
Published: August 2019

To exploit the improved efficiency from formulated oil modified with graphite nanoplates (GNP), it is important to understand how GNP behave alongside conventional additives such as zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates (ZDDP). The results in this work demonstrate unusual tribological responses of engine oil due to GNP additions, which cannot be explained by the traditionally low shearing mechanism between graphene layers in GNP. A competitive and synergistic effect of GNP on tribofilm formation is proposed for this unusual friction and wear behavior. The presence of GNP modifies the tribofilm formation and spontaneously creates alternate hard and soft regions from the microscopic view of the surface. At low concentrations (≤0.05 wt%), graphene is formed by shear‐assisted exfoliation of GNP and intermixed with intermediate oxide region. Due to its random orientation, graphene produces mechanical reinforcement of the tribofilm, but low shear yielding is not achieved. This gives rise to high friction but low wear conditions. At higher concentrations (>0.05 wt%), GNP align with their hexagonal sheets parallel to the surface to promote low‐shear sliding, but wear increases. This is due to GNP clumping together which makes them less effective at forming graphene and providing stable reinforcement of the tribofilm.
Ultrathin Bilayer of Graphite/SiO2 as Solid Interface for Reviving Li Metal Anode
Authors: Pathak Rajesh , Chen Ke , Gurung Ashim , Reza Khan Mamun , Bahrami Behzad , Wu Fan , Chaudhary Ashraf , Ghimire Nabin , Zhou Bin , Zhang Wen‐Hua , Zhou Yue , Qiao Qiquan
Published: August 2019

Lithium metal anodes are expected to drive practical applications that require high energy‐density storage. However, the direct use of metallic lithium causes safety concerns, low rate capabilities, and poor cycling performance due to unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and undesired lithium dendrite growth. To address these issues, a radio frequency sputtered graphite‐SiO2 ultrathin bilayer on a Li metal chips is demonstrated, for the first time, as an effective SEI layer. This leads to a dendrite free uniform Li deposition to achieve a stable voltage profile and outstanding long hours plating/stripping compared to the bare Li. Compared to a bare Li anode, the graphite‐SiO2 bilayer modified Li anode coupled with lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide cathode (NMC111) and lithium titanate shows improved capacity retention, higher capacity at higher rates, longer cycling stability, and lower voltage hysteresis. Graphite acts as an electrical bridge between the plated Li and Li electrode, which lowers the impedance and buffers the volume expansion during Li plating/stripping. Adding an ultrathin SiO2 layer facilitates Li‐ion diffusion and lithiation/delithiation, provides higher electrolyte affinity, higher chemical stability, and higher Young's modulus to suppress the Li dendrite growth.
Reaching the Energy Density Limit of Layered O3‐NaNi0.5Mn0.5O2 Electrodes via Dual Cu and Ti Substitution
Authors: Wang Qing , Mariyappan Sathiya , Vergnet Jean , Abakumov Artem M. , Rousse Gwenaëlle , Rabuel François , Chakir Mohamed , Tarascon Jean‐Marie
Published: August 2019

Although being less competitive energy density‐wise, Na‐ion batteries are serious alternatives to Li‐ion ones for applications where cost and sustainability dominate. O3‐type sodium layered oxides could partially overcome the energy limitation, but their practical use is plagued by a reaction process that enlists numerous phase changes and volume variations while additionally being moisture sensitive. Here, it is shown that the double substitution of Ti for Mn and Cu for Ni in O3‐NaNi0.5−yCuyMn0.5− zTizO2 can alleviate most of these issues. Among this series, electrodes with specific compositions are identified that can reversibly release and uptake ≈0.9 sodium per formula unit via a smooth voltage‐composition profile enlisting minor lattice volume changes upon cycling as opposed to ΔV/V≈23% in the parent NaNi0.5Mn0.5O2 while showing a greater resistance against moisture. The positive attributes of substitution are rationalized by structure considerations supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Electrodes with sustained capacities of ≈180 mAh g−1 are successfully implemented into 18 650 Na‐ion cells having greater performances, energy density‐wise (≈250 Wh L−1), than today's Na3V2(PO4)2F3/HC Na‐ion technology which excels in rate capabilities. These results constitute a step forward in increasing the practicality of Na‐ion technology with additional opportunities for applications in which energy density prevails over rate capability.
Rehabilitation across the lifespan for individuals with arthrogryposis
Authors: Wagner Lisa V. , Cherry J. Suzanne , Sawatzky Bonita J. , Fąfara Alicja , Elfassy Caroline , Eriksson Marie , Montpetit Kathleen , Bucci Tricia , Donohoe Maureen
Published: August 2019

Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) can be a perplexing diagnosis that consists of limited range of motion (ROM) and decreased muscle strength in multiple joints. The person with AMC often possesses a certain tenacity and “spunk” that assists them with adjusting and adapting to the realities of daily life. The rehabilitation process assists the individual with AMC in achieving and maintaining the maximal active and passive range of motion and strength in order to participate in activities of daily living (ADL) throughout the developmental stages. The result of this life‐long process is greatly impacted by collaboration among the multidisciplinary teams. Ultimately, rehabilitation should focus on three levels of treatment: (a) body structure, (b) activity, and (c) participation. This article describes rehabilitation across the lifespan—focusing on the therapeutic needs in the infant, toddler, school age and teenage/adult years—while also highlighting opportunities for improvement.
A pictorial guide to the ultrasound identification and assessment of uterosacral ligaments in women with potential endometriosis
Authors: Leonardi Mathew , Condous George
Published: August 2019

We believe the uterosacral ligaments (USLs) are an essential key to resolving the dilemma of diagnosing endometriosis non‐invasively. This editorial will utilise laparoscopic and ultrasonographic figures and videos, along with written descriptive techniques, to educate clinicians, sonographers, sonologists and radiologists on normal and abnormal USLs to improve knowledge and skill in scanning patients with possible endometriosis.
Delayed development of portal vein thrombosis in a patient initially detected with portal venous gas and pneumatosis intestinalis: a case report
Authors: Arai Masatoku , Kim Shiei , Ishii Hiromoto , Hagiwara Jun , Takiguchi Toru , Ishiki Yoshito , Yokota Hiroyuki
Published: August 2019

Background

Portal venous gas (PVG) and pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) are rare pathologic findings, and a delayed appearance of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) in such patients is extremely rare.

Case Presentation

A 51‐year‐old man complaining of epigastric pain was referred to our hospital. Computed tomography (CT) at admission revealed massive PVG and extensive PI, but no PVT. Emergency laparotomy was carried out, but bowel resection was unnecessary. On follow‐up CT on postoperative day 5, thrombosis was noted in the portal venous system, and anticoagulant was started immediately. This patient was discharged and continued to take the anticoagulant. Seven months after discharge, PVT had disappeared on CT without any thromboembolic complications.

Conclusion

If acute PVT is detected, anticoagulant is needed to prevent bowel ischemia and/or portal hypertension due to the growth of the thrombus. Clinicians should be aware of the potential for such a complication, and make their best efforts to exclude this entity using CT or sonography.
Effects of orthostatic hypotension on cognition in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zhang Jinbiao , Chi Haiyan , Wang Tong , Shen Tengqun , Wang Haijing , Yuan Xiaoling , Li Zhenguang
Published: August 2019

Objective

To evaluate the effect of a decrease in blood pressure (BP) fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for orthostatic hypotension (OH) on performance in each domain of cognitive function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using a cross‐sectional and within‐group design.

Methods

Subjects were individuals without dementia and with type 2 diabetes mellitus, including 107 individuals without OH and 94 with OH (DMOH); 95 control participants were also included. BP was assessed in both the supine and standing positions. A detailed neuropsychological assessment was made in each posture for all subjects.

Results

There were statistically significant differences between the patients without OH and the DMOH group with regard to some cognitive measures while supine. Standing posture exacerbated and broadened cognitive deficits in the DMOH group for all measures in the different domains of cognition including executive functioning, memory, visuospatial skills, information processing speed, and attention. When group‐specific supine scores were used as baseline anchors, both the patients without OH and the DMOH group showed cognitive changes when transitioning from a supine to a standing, upright position, with the DMOH group exhibiting a wider range of neuropsychological deficits in memory, visuospatial skills, executive function, and sustained attention, as well as significant changes in information processing speed.

Interpretation

These data demonstrate that type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with OH had transient, posture‐mediated cognitive deficits in excess of those found in diabetes mellitus without OH. Understanding the effects of OH on cognition due to autonomic failure is important, particularly as clinical assessments and neuroimaging collect data only in the seated or supine positions. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:754–761
Isolation, characterization, and cross‐amplification of 20 microsatellite markers for Conospermum undulatum (Proteaceae)
Authors: Delnevo Nicola , Piotti Andrea , van Etten Eddie J. , Stock William D. , Byrne Margaret
Published: August 2019

Premise

Recent habitat fragmentation is posing a risk to the wavy‐leaved smokebush, Conospermum undulatum (Proteaceae), a rare plant species endemic to southwestern Western Australia. Microsatellite markers are required to characterize the genetic diversity and structure of the species for conservation purposes and to facilitate ecological studies.

Methods and Results

Illumina MiSeq high‐throughput sequencing was used to develop 20 novel microsatellite markers for C. undulatum. Polymorphism at each locus was assessed using 72 individuals from three natural populations. Nineteen markers were polymorphic, with the number of alleles per locus ranging from two to 21, and observed and expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.000 to 1.000 and 0.117 to 0.919, respectively. All markers successfully amplified in three congeneric species (C. stoechadis, C. canaliculatum and C. triplinervium).

Conclusions

The microsatellite markers will be useful for revealing patterns of genetic diversity, dispersal dynamics, and hybridization events for C. undulatum to inform future conservation efforts.
Micelle‐Enabled One‐Pot Guanidine Synthesis in Water Directly from Isothiocyanate using Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents under Mild Conditions
Authors: Srisa Jakkrit , Tankam Theeranon , Sukwattanasinitt Mongkol , Wacharasindhu Sumrit
Published: August 2019

In this work, we developed a one‐pot synthesis of guanidine directly from isothiocyanate using DIB (diacetoxyiodobenzene) as a desulfurizing agent under micellar conditions in water. Our optimization study revealed that the use of 1 % TPGS‐750‐M as a surfactant with NaOH as an additive base at room temperature can convert a variety of isothiocyanates and amines into corresponding guanidines in excellent yields (69–95 %). This synthetic process in water can be applied to prepare guanidine at gram‐scale quantity. Our aqueous micellar medium also demonstrated high reusability as the reaction can be performed for several cycles without losing its efficiency. The reaction is metal‐free, utilizes water as solvent and practical (room temperature and open flask).