bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adoption of Online Subscription Beauty Boxes
Authors: Sivathanu Brijesh
Published: September 2018

This article examines the contextual ‘reasons for' and ‘reasons against' the adoption of beauty box subscription-based online services (BxSOS) in a developing country like India using the behavioral reasoning theory (BRT). This study surveys the female consumers in India to understand the adoption of BxSOS using the unique model of behavioral reasoning theory (BRT). After data collection, the analysis was done using the PLS-SEM technique. The ‘reasons for' BxSOS adoption are convenience, ubiquitous, hedonic shopping motivation, social influence and price consciousness and the ‘reasons against' are traditional barrier, relative advantage, choice/variety and perceived risk. It is also found that value of “openness to change” significantly influences the ‘reasons for' adoption and attitude towards BxSOS whereas it has no impact on the ‘reasons against' adoption of BxSOS. This cross-sectional study was conducted with target respondents as female consumers in the Indian context and future research can be conducted in other countries with different cultures and both the genders to generalize the results.
Quadricuspid Pulmonary Valve
Authors: Ganesan Gnanavelu , Ramamoorthy Hariharakrishnan , Sangareddi Venkatesan
Published: September 2018

Quadricuspid pulmonary valve (QPV) is a rare congenital cardiac malformation which is notable for its asymptomatic behavior. With only a few hundred cases reported in literature, its clinical significance is not exactly known, although many authors have placed its implications on the Ross procedure. We report a case of QPV which was detected on routine cardiac screening.
Cognitive Bias in Clinical Medicine
Authors: O'Sullivan ED , Schofield SJ
Published: September 2018

Cognitive bias is increasingly recognised as an important source of medical error, and is both ubiquitous across clinical practice yet incompletely understood. This increasing awareness of bias has resulted in a surge in clinical and psychological research in the area and development of various ‘debiasing strategies'. This paper describes the potential origins of bias based on ‘dual process thinking', discusses and illustrates a number of the important biases that occur in clinical practice, and considers potential strategies that might be used to mitigate their effect.
Are atmospheric PBDE levels declining in central Europe? Examination of the seasonal and semi-long-term variations, gas–particle partitioning and implications for long-range atmospheric transport
Authors: Degrendele Céline , Wilson Jake , Kukučka Petr , Klánová Jana , Lammel Gerhard
Published: September 2018

Abstract. This study presents multi-year monitoring data on atmospheric polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in central Europe. Air was sampled on a weekly basis at a background site in the central Czech Republic from 2011 to 2014 (N = 114). Σ8PBDEs (without BDE209) total (gas and particulate) concentrations ranged from 0.084 to 6.08 pg m−3, while BDE209 was at 0.05–5.01 pg m−3. BDE47, BDE99 and BDE183 were the major contributors to Σ8PBDEs.Overall, the atmospheric concentrations of individual PBDEs were controlled by deposition processes, meteorological parameters and long-range atmospheric transport. Regarding gas–particle partitioning, with the exception of BDE28 (gaseous) and BDE209 (particulate), all congeners were consistently detected in both phases. Clear seasonal variations with significantly higher measured particulate fraction (θmeasured) in winter compared to summer was found for all PBDEs except BDE209. For example, while the average θmeasured of BDE47 was 0.53±0.19 in winter, this was only 0.01±0.02 in summer. Similarly, for BDE99, θmeasured was 0.89±0.13 in winter, while it was only 0.12±0.08 in summer. The observed gas–particle partitioning coefficient (Kp, in m3 µg−1) was compared with three model predictions, assuming equilibrium or a steady state. None of the models could provide a satisfactory prediction of the partitioning, suggesting the need for a universally applicable model.Statistically significant decreases of the atmospheric concentrations during 2011–2014 were found for BDE99, 100, 153 and 209. Estimated apparent atmospheric halving times for these congeners ranged from 2.8 (BDE209) to 4.8 (BDE153) years. The results suggest that photolytic debromination to lower brominated congeners may significantly influence PBDE concentration levels and patterns in the atmosphere.
Anthropogenic and natural drivers of a strong winter urban heat island in a typical Arctic city
Authors: Varentsov Mikhail , Konstantinov Pavel , Baklanov Alexander , Esau Igor , Miles Victoria , Davy Richard
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The Arctic has rapidly urbanized in recent decades with two million people currently living in more than a hundred cities north of 65° N. These cities have a harsh but sensitive climate and warming here is the principle driver of destructive thawing, water leakages, air pollution, and other detrimental environmental impacts. This study reports on the urban temperature anomaly in a typical Arctic city. This persistent warm anomaly reaches up to 11  K in winter with the wintertime mean urban temperature being on average 1.9 K higher in the city centre than in the surrounding natural landscape. An urban temperature anomaly, also known as an urban heat island (UHI), was found in remote sensing and in situ temperature data. High-resolution (1 km) model experiments run with and without an urban surface parametrization helped to identify the leading physical and geographical factors supporting a strong temperature anomaly in a cold climate. The statistical analysis and modelling suggest that direct anthropogenic heating contributes at least 50 % to the observed UHI intensity, and the rest is created by natural microclimatic variability over the undulating relief of the area. The current UHI effect can be as large as the projected, and already amplified, warming for the region in the 21st century. In contrast to earlier reports, this study found that the wintertime UHI in the Arctic should be largely attributed to direct anthropogenic heating. This is a strong argument in support of energy efficiency measures, urban climate change mitigation policy, and against high-density urban development in polar settlements. The complex pattern of thermal conditions, as revealed in this study, challenges urban planners to account for the observed micro-climatic diversity in perspective sustainable development solutions.
Semiannual Variation in radiation belts particle fluxes: Van Allen probes observations
Authors: Poblet Facundo L. , Azpilicueta Francisco
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The Semiannual Variation (SAV) is an annual pattern characterized by maxima around the equinoxes and minima near solstices observed in many space weather parameters. Several authors have studied this variation in the electron fluxes of the magnetosphere, focusing only in a few energy levels. In this investigation, Van Allen probes data are processed to extend SAV studies in electron fluxes of a wider energy range. A superposed epoch analysis was applied to data of the REPT and MagEIS instruments obtaining a clear semiannual pattern in the superposed year for L-shell values between 2.5 and 6.5. The Day Of Year (DOY) at which the highest electron flux values are detected near the September equinox coincide with the Russel & McPherron prediction. However, the DOY of the maximum expected close the March equinox occurs with a one month lag from the prediction of the accepted models. In addition, integrating over L-shell the annual DOY-L data with the semiannual pattern resulted in temporal curves that enabled to determine the energy range for which the SAV can be detected: from MeV to tens MeV energy values. Finally, an additional analysis of the fluxes of the Ring Current principal components (H+ and O+ ions) was performed, obtaining no evidence of a SAV on them. This result could indicate that the widely recognized semiannual pattern in the geomagnetic activity is related to a different current system.
Using a virtual machine environment for developing, testing, and training for the UM-UKCA composition-climate model, using Unified Model version 10.9 and above
Authors: Abraham Nathan Luke , Archibald Alexander T. , Cresswell Paul , Cusworth Sam , Dalvi Mohit , Matthews David , Wardle Steven , Whitehouse Stuart
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The Met Office Unified Model (UM) is a state-of-the-art
weather and climate model that is used operationally worldwide. UKCA is the
chemistry and aerosol sub model of the UM that enables interactive
composition and physical atmosphere interactions, but which adds an
additional 120 000 lines of code to the model. Ensuring that the UM code and
UM-UKCA (the UM running with interactive chemistry and aerosols) is well
tested is thus essential. While a comprehensive test harness is in
place at the Met Office and partner sites to aid in development, this is not
available to many UM users. Recently, the Met Office have made available a
virtual machine environment that can be used to run the UM on a desktop or
laptop PC. Here we describe the development of a UM-UKCA configuration that
is able to run within this virtual machine while only needing 6 GB of memory,
before discussing the applications of this system for model development,
testing, and training.
Relevance of Social Studies Curriculum Content for Enhancing Responsibility among Preschool Children in Nairobi County, Kenya
Authors: Khavugwi Lilian Ganira , Paul Odundo Amollo , Jane C Gatumu , Njeri Muasya Juliet
Published: September 2018

Relevance of preschool social studies curriculum content develops learners’ sense of belonging to the community and country for effective cohesiveness. Sense of belonging is achieved through inculcating right dispositions for reinforcing responsive, efficient and effective individuals in preparation for citizenship in adulthood. Nurturing sense of responsibility among learners creates skilled and informed individuals sensitive to social issues who effectively nurture cohesiveness as participants in a just society. The study was informed by evaluation research model using both quantitative and qualitative interpretative paradigms. The social constructivist theoretical framework informed the study in determining relevance of social studies curriculum content in enhancing the value of responsibility among preschool children in Nairobi County. Evaluating social studies curriculum content was drawn from ‘neighborhood, my school and healthy practices’ as key determinants of responsible citizens within a community. The target population was 98 preschool teachers purposely sampled from 211 preschools. Questionnaire for preschool teachers were used as the main data collection instrument. Quantitative data was summarized and organized according to research questions and arranged into themes for analysis. The findings indicated that social studies curriculum content is relevant in enhancing responsibility among preschool children. The study recommends that teachers should plan, design class environment and the social studies instruction in ways that cultivate effective civic practice of responsibility.
Editorial: Identifying agri-food research priorities for Spain - 2017 results
Authors: García Marta , Alonso Ángeles , Tello María Luisa , De la Poza Marta , Villalobos Natalia , Lansac Rocío , Melgarejo Paloma , Laínez Manuel
Published: September 2018

Among other functions, the INIA is involved in national and international cooperation in the field of agri-food research. The process of identifying and classifying gaps in our knowledge forms an essential part of this effort. This article describes that process, the tools and the materials used to achieve the final objective, namely, the identification of research priorities in the Spanish agri-food sector in order to deal with the societal challenges posed by society and the stakeholders involved. These challenges, within the context of the bioeconomy, are the sustainability of primary and forestry production systems, the safety and quality of food and bioproducts as well as the competitiveness of farmers and companies in this sector. It is necessary to optimize resource management and means of production along with improved efficiency to guarantee sustainability throughout the value chain process. The main goal, under the current scenario of climate change, is to develop models which lead to a balance between food quality and production costs (competitiveness and economic sustainability), ecosystem conservation and mitigation of the environmental impacts (environmental sustainability) while maintaining the population in rural areas (social sustainability). These models will be based on new technology in both intensive and extensive production systems. They should support the improvement and valuation of traditional products together with the formulation and development of foods with new functionalities and quality while at the same time ensuring safety. As well as satisfying consumer demand, improved knowledge must lead to a more efficient use of our own resources and by-products within the framework of a circular economy, including the development of bioproducts, eco-innovation and eco-design.
Lipomatous Soft-tissue Tumors
Authors: Johnson Christopher N. , Ha Alice S. , Chen Eleanor , Davidson Darin
Published: September 2018

Lipomatous soft-tissue tumors are the most common neoplasms encountered by physicians. They range from benign lipomas to high-grade liposarcomas. Unplanned excisions of sarcomas are commonly due to the presumptive diagnosis of lipoma and can be avoided by understanding their diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging appearance. Magnetic resonance images should be obtained for all soft-tissue masses that are deep to fascia or those >5 cm in subcutaneous tissue. Atypical lipomatous tumors present as large deep fatty masses and have a propensity for local recurrence and a small risk of malignant transformation. Well-differentiated liposarcomas are histologically identical to atypical lipomatous tumors but have a markedly worse prognosis secondary to their anatomic location. Masses that lack isointense signal to subcutaneous fat on MRI may represent a sarcoma and require a biopsy before definitive treatment. Large deep lipomatous masses and liposarcomas should be sent to a sarcoma referral center for definitive treatment.
Apresentação
Authors: Storópoli Cristina , Rodrigues Eliana , Santos Eduardo
Published: September 2018

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Mobilidade das arquiteturas têxteis e tensoestruturas
Authors: Obata Sasquia Hizuru , Alonso Carlos Egídio
Published: September 2018

As arquiteturas têxteis ou tensoestruturas são definidas como construções leves que podem ter mobilidade – quando projetadas para não terem a permanência intrínseca da construção convencional – ou possuírem partes móveis. Como uma obra industrializada ou pré-fabricada tais construções se traduzem em etapas de montagem e instalação, o que aumenta a adesão a produtos transportáveis os quais podem facilmente conter partes móveis. Devido a essas características e em face da identificação prévia da diversidade de soluções arquitetônicas neste artigo, apresentam-se possibilidades projetuais de mobilidade de partes da construção que, por meio de ilustrações, têm o objetivo de fornecer um repertório da prática e do aproveitamento da condição de leveza e aderência aos espaços transformáveis das tensoestruturas e arquiteturas têxteis.
Descrição de um protocolo experimental para estudos cardiofisiológicos em camundongos
Authors: Castro Sarah Soares de , Resende Laíse Oliveira , Colantoni Márcia Artiaga , Martins Lívia Alves , Rodrigues Aldo Rogelis Aquiles , Dias Valdo José , Destro Filho João Batista
Published: September 2018

O objetivo do artigo é descrever uma metodologia de preparo e aplicação de eletrodos no estudo cardiofisiológico em camundongos, visando relacionar os resultados obtidos por meio desses experimentos com os seres humanos por meio de fisiologia comparada. O estudo consistiu no monitoramento do estado cardiofisiológico de um camundongo, utilizando um eletrocardiógrafo durante a administração intravenosa subanestésica de quetamina. O resultado final foi obtido por análise espectral que possibilitou a visualização das mudanças ocorridas na atividade cardíaca do animal após injeção da droga. Com a análise dos resultados, a partir da redução de duração dos intervalos R-R (iRRs) e queda acentuada da componente de baixa frequência (LF) do sinal, foi observado um aumento da frequência cardíaca após pré-tratamento de atropina e posterior administração de quetamina.
Fabricação digital de maquetes físicas: tangibilidade no processo de projeto em Arquitetura
Authors: Florio Wilson , Tagliari Ana
Published: September 2018

Neste artigo, são relatados dois diferentes tipos de experimentos. No primeiro, o modelo digital tridimensional é transformado em superfícies 2D pela técnica unfolding, impresso e montado manualmente. No segundo, foram realizados experimentos com o auxílio da Cortadora Universal Laser Systems. A intenção é discutir o papel dos artefatos físicos na compreensão de formas e espaços complexos e buscar modos mais eficazes de aperfeiçoar o processo de projeto. Os resultados obtidos até o presente momento permitem afirmar que, apesar de limitações em sua fabricação, os modelos obtidos por corte a laser contribuem para melhorar substancialmente a compreensão de projetos, particularmente de detalhes de elementos construtivos, pois permite materializar e pormenorizar a análise, decompondo e recompondo o objeto bi e tridimensionalmente. As restrições observadas dizem respeito à escala do artefato, a bidimensionalidade dos desenhos e dimensões da área de corte.
Love as the Logic of Reconciliation in Hegel
Authors: Morgan Brandon L. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2018

This essay explores the significance of Hegel’s considerations of love for his later dialectical philosophy in order to bring to attention love’s continued import as a category of logical and theological unity and reconciliation. A lingering question for Hegel scholarship is why he seemingly drops the unifying notion of love in his more developed dialectical philosophy, choosing instead to expound a philosophy of the concept that solely grants to reason the task of dialectical recovery. On my reading, this interpretation suffers from a failure to imagine Hegel’s early writings on love as contributing to the working out of his later dialectical logic and philosophy of spirit, specifically in terms of the unifying and reconciling principle of Vernunft (reason) in contrast to Verstand (understanding). Furthermore, Hegel’s substantial appeals to love in the later Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion show love's continued significance for him, not only as a logical but a theological principle of unity between finite and infinite spirit, a unity lost on the understanding alone. Reading Hegel’s Vernunft as a form of rationally reconciling love, therefore, shows a continuity in Hegel’s thinking that brings to bear Hegel’s later philosophical developments of reason and spirit on his philosophical theology.
Simulation of Electric Drive With Direct Torque Control of Induction Motor
Authors: Inkov Yuri M. , Kosmodaminskiy Andrey S. , Pugachev Alexander A. , Sachkova Elena V.
Published: September 2018

The main requirements for traction electric drives are listed and discussed. The direct torque control of an induction motor electric drive is established by a survey of operation modes of traction electric drives to thoroughly satisfy the requirements for traction electric drive. The topologies and operation principles of two-and three-level voltage source inverters are presented. The advantages and shortcomings of three-level voltage source inverters to be applied on locomotive traction drives are highlighted in relation to the two-level ones. The recommendations of choice between different voltage source inverter topologies are given. The topology and principles of operation of direct torque control of induction motors with two- and three-level voltage source inverters are described. The simulation peculiarities of electric drives with direct torque control and two- and three-level inverters in Matlab are considered. The simulation results are presented. The techniques to reduce the torque oscillations are shown and implemented in Matlab Simulink.
Impact of Air Pollution on Vegetation in Banja Luka
Authors: Maksimović Tanja , Ilić Predrag , Bajić Sanja
Published: September 2018

Atmospheric pollutants have a negative effect on the plants; they can have direct toxic effects, or indirectly by changing soil pH followed by solubilization of toxic salts of metals. Large number of studies have investigated the possible effects of ambient air pollution on  vegetation and air pollution in stomata number and size and stomatal apparatus. The primary aim of this study was to impact air pollution from the aspect of presence SO2, NOX, CO2, O3 and PM10 on vegetation in the city of Banja Luka and stomatal response to air pollution, through a review of existing research.
Analysis of Quantitative Change of Motor Child Indicators of Secondary School Students Under The Influence of Regular Physical Education // Analiza kvantitativnih promjena pokazatelja motoričkih znanja učenika srednje škole pod uticajem redovne nastave tjelesnog odgoja
Authors: Bajrić Senad , Bajrić Osmo , Srdić Velibor , Jovanović Saša
Published: September 2018

The research was conducted on a sample of 166 students of „Secondary Technical School Travnik”, first and second malegrade who regularly attended elementary education during the 2016/2017 school year. A total of 15 variables were used in the research to assess the level of motor skills (three variables for assessing the motor skills of basketball, volleyball, handball, volleyball and athletics).The main aim of the research was to determine the quantitative changes of the motor skills of secondary school students through the longitudinal study in one school year duration under the influence of the program contents of regular physical education. Quantitative changes in motor skills and analysis of differences between initial and final measurements were determined by analysis of changes under the difference model and SSDIF analysis (Bonacin, 2004). By projecting measurement data, a hypothetical measurement matrix is defined, and by explicating the set of linear displacements on the association matrix, a structural vector is described describing quantitative changes, taking into account the relations of initial variables.The results of the SSDIF analysis indicate that a one-year curriculum of physical education has caused statistically significant changes in motor skills at the global level (p = 0.000). According to the results of the quantitative global changes, they are not particularly significant and extend across a whole set of analyzed variables. The greater the number of variables that contribute to these quantitative changes, but the contributions of some variables to the discriminating function are relatively small, which means that the effects produced are mild, without dramatic changes, and virtually all variables contribute positively.
Transcriptional and epigenomic landscapes of CNS and non-CNS vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Sabbagh Mark F , Heng Jacob S , Luo Chongyuan , Castanon Rosa G , Nery Joseph R , Rattner Amir , Goff Loyal A , Ecker Joseph R , Nathans Jeremy
Published: September 2018

Vascular endothelial cell (EC) function depends on appropriate organ-specific molecular and cellular specializations. To explore genomic mechanisms that control this specialization, we have analyzed and compared the transcriptome, accessible chromatin, and DNA methylome landscapes from mouse brain, liver, lung, and kidney ECs. Analysis of transcription factor (TF) gene expression and TF motifs at candidate cis-regulatory elements reveals both shared and organ-specific EC regulatory networks. In the embryo, only those ECs that are adjacent to or within the central nervous system (CNS) exhibit canonical Wnt signaling, which correlates precisely with blood-brain barrier (BBB) differentiation and Zic3 expression. In the early postnatal brain, single-cell RNA-seq of purified ECs reveals (1) close relationships between veins and mitotic cells and between arteries and tip cells, (2) a division of capillary ECs into vein-like and artery-like classes, and (3) new endothelial subtype markers, including new validated tip cell markers.
Applications of ‘Pitching Research’ in an Emerging Economies Research Journal: Insights and Reflections
Authors: Hale Rebecca , Kilner Andrew , Nucifora Rebecca , Plath Caitlin , Wu Elvis , Zhang Xinyuan , Faff Robert
Published: September 2018

Research Question: Can we create a highly structured (but practical) abstract, which communicates the essential elements demanded by an expert scholarly reader? Motivation: A key aim of this journal is to enable “relevant information exchange and communication”. Information overload mean that readers are easily lost. Right at the start, poorly designed abstracts can fail to “hook” readers. Lost readers: is bad for authors, editors and for the journal. What’s new? While structured abstracts are not new, the “synergistic” combination of elements, combined with succinct guidance on content, is where the novelty lies. So what? Engaging readers in this way should lead to more journal activity – more reads, cites, submissions – and, ultimately, to an enhanced profile/reputation in the scholarly community. Idea: Building on Faff (2015, 2017) and Faff et al. (2017e) [“reverse engineering” and “pitch sparring”], we adapt the “Pitching Research” [PR] framework to create a structured and engaging abstract. Data: The “experimental” setting involves a sample of six high-performing non-research students, who signed up to an intense 4-week “research scholar” program over Winter 2017, at University of Queensland. Tools: The “Winter Scholars” are first taken through an “immersion treatment” on the PR framework. During this process, the students form three teams and each team is assigned an article to “spar” a reverse-engineered pitch summary-abstract. There are several iterative rounds of abstract design. Findings: The original pitch is limited to 1,000 words, an initial condensed abstract aims for 400 words and the final version is modified to 350 words. Three examples of the final structured abstract are created in Accounting, Finance and Management, providing “soft” “proof of concept”. Contribution: By creating a simple, focused and structured new abstract design adopted by this journal, we enhance the ability of the journal to meet its primary aim of enhancing “relevant information exchange and communication”. Over time, with growing use and application in this journal the reach of this contribution grows too. More generally, we argue that this novel abstract design increases awareness of the broader PR framework, helping readers and especially novice researchers better understand, describe and ultimately design their own scholarly research.
Origami Biosystems: 3D Assembly Methods for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Bolaños Quiñones Vladimir A. , Zhu Hong , Solovev Alexander A. , Mei Yongfeng , Gracias David H.
Published: September 2018

Conventional assembly of biosystems has relied on bottom‐up techniques, such as directed aggregation, or top‐down techniques, such as layer‐by‐layer integration, using advanced lithographic and additive manufacturing processes. However, these methods often fail to mimic the complex three dimensional (3D) microstructure of naturally occurring biomachinery, cells, and organisms regarding assembly throughput, precision, material heterogeneity, and resolution. Pop‐up, buckling, and self‐folding methods, reminiscent of paper origami, allow the high‐throughput assembly of static or reconfigurable biosystems of relevance to biosensors, biomicrofluidics, cell and tissue engineering, drug delivery, and minimally invasive surgery. The universal principle in these assembly methods is the engineering of intrinsic or extrinsic forces to cause local or global shape changes via bending, curving, or folding resulting in the final 3D structure. The forces can result from stresses that are engineered either during or applied externally after synthesis or fabrication. The methods facilitate the high‐throughput assembly of biosystems in simultaneously micro or nanopatterned and layered geometries that can be challenging if not impossible to assemble by alternate methods. The authors classify methods based on length scale and biologically relevant applications; examples of significant advances and future challenges are highlighted.
Machine‐Learning‐Based Monitoring of Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Yuan Bodi , Guss Gabriel M. , Wilson Aaron C. , Hau‐Riege Stefan P. , DePond Phillip J. , McMains Sara , Matthews Manyalibo J. , Giera Brian
Published: September 2018

A two‐step machine learning approach to monitoring laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing is demonstrated that enables on‐the‐fly assessments of laser track welds. First, in situ video melt pool data acquired during LPBF is labeled according to the (1) average and (2) standard deviation of individual track width and also (3) whether or not the track is continuous, measured postbuild through an ex situ height map analysis algorithm. This procedure generates three ground truth labeled datasets for supervised machine learning. Using a portion of the labeled 10 ms video clips, a single convolutional neural network architecture is trained to generate three distinct networks. With the remaining in situ LPBF data, the trained neural networks are tested and evaluated and found to predict track width, standard deviation, and continuity without the need for ex situ measurements. This two‐step approach should benefit any LPBF system – or any additive manufacturing technology – where height‐map‐derived properties can serve as useful labels for in situ sensor data.
Flexible Porous Piezoelectric Cantilever on a Pacemaker Lead for Compact Energy Harvesting
Authors: Dong Lin , Han Xiaomin , Xu Zhe , Closson Andrew B. , Liu Yin , Wen Chunsheng , Liu Xi , Escobar Gladys Patricia , Oglesby Meagan , Feldman Marc , Chen Zi , Zhang John X. J.
Published: September 2018

Self‐sustainable energy generation represents a new frontier to greatly extend the lifetime and effectiveness of implantable biomedical devices, such as cardiac pacemakers and defibrillators. However, there is a lack of promising technologies which can efficiently convert the mechanical energy of the beating heart to electrical energy with minimal risk of interfering with the cardiovascular functions. Here a unique design is presented based on existing pacemaker leads tailored for compact energy harvesting. This new design incorporates flexible porous polyvinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene thin film within a dual‐cantilever structure, which wraps around the pacemaker lead with two free ends sticking out for harvesting energy from the heart's motion. Under various anchor methods of the lead, the maximum electrical output yields 0.5 V and 43 nA under the frequency of 1 Hz. It is found that adding a proof mass of 31.6 mg on the dual‐cantilever tip results in a 1.82 times power enhancement. The scalability of the design is also demonstrated, e.g., by connecting two such units in parallel, their simultaneous vibration can together contribute to energy conversion. Collectively, this study implies that sufficient electrical energy can be converted from the kinetic energy of a pacemaker lead especially at low frequencies to sustain operations.
Additive Manufacturing through Galvanoforming of 3D Nickel Microarchitectures: Simulation‐Assisted Synthesis
Authors: Schürch Patrik , Pethö Laszlo , Schwiedrzik Jakob , Michler Johann , Philippe Laetitia
Published: September 2018

Electrodeposition in combination with templates created by two‐photon lithography is used to fabricate dense metallic 3D microcomponents. Nanocrystalline nickel microcomponents deposited from nickel sulfamate electrolyte in 3D templates are presented. Using 3D electrodeposition simulation, different template designs for a bridge‐like microcomponent are investigated. The influence of the template design on current density is described. Electrodeposition conditions and pulse parameters are optimized with the simulation to achieve a high filling ratio within the template. Unlike previous work done in the field, the templates are made from negative tone photoresist, which is removed subsequent to the electrodeposition with plasma etching process. This allows for free‐form galvanoforming of freestanding nanocrystalline nickel microcomponents. Focused ion beam cross sections are made to investigate the microstructure within the specimen. The grains within the specimen show elongation along growth direction. Furthermore, the grain size distribution within the specimen shows correlation to the local current density values supplied by the simulation.
Nanoarchitechtonics of Visible‐Blind Ultraviolet Photodetector Materials: Critical Features and Nano‐Microfabrication
Authors: Nasiri Noushin , Jin Dayong , Tricoli Antonio
Published: September 2018

Accurate measurement of ultraviolet radiation is key to many technologies including wearable devices for skin cancer prevention, optical communication systems, and missile launch detection. Nanostructuring of wide bandgap semiconductors, such as GaN, ZnO, and SiC, promises some benefits over established commercial solutions relying on n–p type Si‐homojunction technology. In the past decade, a variety of carefully nanostructured architectures have been demonstrated as efficient designs for visible‐blind UV photodetectors featuring superior detectivity, thermal stability, robust radiation hardness, and very low operation bias and power consumption. Here, a comprehensive review of the latest achievements on ultraviolet photodetector materials is presented, with focus on the multiscale engineering of composition and nano‐microscale morphology. The review concludes with a critical assessment and comparison of state‐of‐the‐art devices aiming to provide guidelines and research directions for the next generation of UV photodetector materials.
Vertical Tunnel Junction Embedding a Spin Crossover Molecular Film
Authors: Poggini Lorenzo , Gonidec Mathieu , González‐Estefan Juan H. , Pecastaings Gilles , Gobaut Benoît , Rosa Patrick
Published: September 2018

Thin films of a molecular spin crossover (SCO) Iron(II) complex featuring a high transition temperature are grown by sublimation in high vacuum on TSAu and investigated by X‐ray and UV photoelectron spectroscopies. Temperature‐dependent studies demonstrate that the thermally induced spin crossover behavior is preserved in thin films. A large‐area ultrathin switchable spin crossover molecular vertical tunnel junction with top electrodes of the liquid eutectic of gallium and indium, for which the spin‐state switching of the films induces a two orders of magnitude change in the tunneling current density flowing through the junction, is reported here. The results on large‐area junctions, rationalized by density functional theory calculations, demonstrate the high potential of SCO‐based switchable molecular junctions as functional devices.
Genotype‐phenotype correlation and risk stratification in a cohort of 123 hereditary stomatocytosis patients
Authors: Andolfo Immacolata , Russo Roberta , Rosato Barbara Eleni , Manna Francesco , Gambale Antonella , Brugnara Carlo , Iolascon Achille
Published: September 2018

Hereditary stomatocytoses (HSts) are a wide spectrum of hemolytic anemias in which the erythrocyte membrane cation permeability is increased. Dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis is the most frequent among HSts. It is caused by missense mutations in PIEZO1 and KCNN4 genes.

We described 123 patients enrolled in our Genetic Unit from 2013 to 2017. Overall HSt subjects exhibit macrocytic mild anemia. We found that PIEZO1 is the most frequent mutated gene within our families (47% of pedigrees). In 59.1% of cases the mutations localized in the nonpore protein domain, while in 40.9% of patients they localized in the central pore region. The genotype‐phenotype correlation analysis on 29 PIEZO1‐patients demonstrated that most of severely affected patients carried mutations in the pore domain, suggesting that the severity of this condition is related to the pore properties and intracellular domain that could be responsible of interactions with intracellular components.

This is the first cohort study on a large set of hereditary stomatocytosis patients, stratified according to their causative gene useful for diagnosis, prognosis, and management of these patients.
Metoprolol‐Induced Pemphigus‐Like Reaction
Authors: Patel Seena , Kim Shanna , Allen Carl
Published: September 2018

Introduction

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a relatively rare, potentially life‐threatening autoimmune disease that, in most cases, has an unknown etiology. Medications for hypertension have been linked to the onset and exacerbation of PV‐like symptoms. The diagnosis of medication‐related PV can be challenging because it has an identical appearance to the clinical and histologic appearance of idiopathic PV and cases may not resolve after discontinuation of the drug.

Case Presentation

We present a case of an elderly patient with gingival and cutaneous erosions, who underwent several medical and dental consultations without an appropriate diagnosis. After biopsy and a thorough review of her medical history, metoprolol was suspected as the offending agent. After consulting with her cardiologist, metoprolol was discontinued, and a complete resolution of all lesions resulted.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, the current case is the first reported case of metoprolol‐induced PV in the English‐language literature. As such, it highlights the potential of medication involvement in some immune‐mediated diseases. Because the oral mucosa is often the first site of involvement in PV, knowledge of drug‐related PV is crucial in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of dental patients.
Factors Influencing STEM Career Aspirations of Underrepresented High School Students
Authors: Mau Wei‐Cheng J. , Li Jiaqi
Published: September 2018

A shortage of female and minority students pursuing science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) careers has prompted researchers and policy makers to examine the current STEM supply pipeline. This study examined factors influencing STEM career aspirations of a nationally representative sample of 9th‐grade students (N = 21,444). Characteristics of students who aspired to STEM careers and non‐STEM careers were examined. Guided by the career aspirations model (Mau & Bikos, ), the authors conducted logistic regression analyses to investigate variables predicting STEM career aspirations. Results indicated that race, gender, socioeconomic status, math interest, and science self‐efficacy were the most important predictors of STEM career aspirations. Counselors in school and related career services contexts are encouraged to consider these important factors in identifying high school students who are interested in STEM career choices, as well as in planning career interventions to facilitate their career paths. Future researchers could test the applicability of this model with middle school students or adults.
Kinematic boundary conditions substantially impact in silico ventricular function
Authors: Peirlinck Mathias , Sack Kevin L. , De Backer Pieter , Morais Pedro , Segers Patrick , Franz Thomas , De Beule Matthieu
Published: September 2018

Computational cardiac mechanical models, individualized to the patient, have the potential to elucidate the fundamentals of cardiac (patho‐)physiology, enable non‐invasive quantification of clinically significant metrics (eg, stiffness, active contraction, work), and anticipate the potential efficacy of therapeutic cardiovascular intervention. In a clinical setting, however, the available imaging resolution is often limited, which limits cardiac models to focus on the ventricles, without including the atria, valves, and proximal arteries and veins. In such models, the absence of surrounding structures needs to be accounted for by imposing realistic kinematic boundary conditions, which, for prognostic purposes, are preferably generic and thus non‐image derived. Unfortunately, the literature on cardiac models shows no consistent approach to kinematically constrain the myocardium. The impact of different approaches (eg, fully constrained base, constrained epi‐ring) on the predictive capacity of cardiac mechanical models has not been thoroughly studied. For that reason, this study first gives an overview of current approaches to kinematically constrain (bi) ventricular models. Next, we developed a patient‐specific in silico biventricular model that compares well with literature and in vivo recorded strains. Alternative constraints were introduced to assess the influence of commonly used mechanical boundary conditions on both the predicted global functional behavior of the in‐silico heart (cavity volumes, stroke volume, ejection fraction) and local strain distributions. Meaningful differences in global functioning were found between different kinematic anchoring strategies, which brought forward the importance of selecting appropriate boundary conditions for biventricular models that, in the near future, may inform clinical intervention. However, whilst statistically significant differences were also found in local strain distributions, these differences were minor and mostly confined to the region close to the applied boundary conditions.
Using Landsat imagery to map understory shrub expansion relative to landscape position in a mid‐Appalachian watershed
Authors: Atkins Jeff W. , Epstein Howard E. , Welsch Daniel L.
Published: September 2018

Globally, shrub expansion is an important driver of ecological change. However, most studies of shrub expansion have focused on dryland ecosystems (e.g., savannas, rangelands, grasslands), or in tundra regions (e.g., arctic, alpine). However, shrubs play a key role in other systems, such as the understory of temperate forests. In the Appalachian forests of the eastern United States, rhododendron (Rhododendron maximum) is the most prevalent species constituent of the understory evergreen shrub community and can affect forest diversity and structure by altering light and moisture regimes, and changing soil chemical and physical properties. We examine the spatial patterns and temporal dynamics of the evergreen shrub layer within a mid‐Appalachian forest over the period from 1986 to 2011 using Landsat TM data to explore how shrub expansion is related to landscape position (e.g., elevation, aspect, and distance‐to‐stream). We use a combination of remotely sensed vegetation indices (e.g., NDVI, tasseled cap indices) derived from snow‐free, leaf‐off Landsat 5 surface reflectance data from 1986 to 2011 paired with a Random Forest classification model to examine shrub dynamics in the Weimer Run watershed near Canaan Valley, West Virginia, a first‐order, high‐altitude watershed. We show extensive increases in winter greenness we attribute to expansion of the evergreen shrub community. From 1986 to 2011, there is a 0.14 increase in winter NDVI, with a 52% relative increase in shrub coverage over 25 yr. Shrub expansion is most notable at lower elevations, along streams, and on southerly oriented slopes. We argue that changes in shrub abundance are due to decreased moisture limitations driven by changing climate. There is an increased effort to reintroduce native conifers to this region, but changes in the shrub community jeopardize this effort, as rhododendron inhibits the growth and dispersal of these conifers (e.g., red spruce). Our results show that rhododendron shrubs are expanding into areas of the forest from which they have previously been restricted. Use of these remote sensing methods may allow better habitat suitability mapping, leading to better targeted restoration efforts and more‐informed ecosystem forecasts.
Chemical and Sensory Characteristics of Extra Virgin Olive Oils Produced in Central Iberian Peninsula Under the Protected Designation of Origin Quality Scheme
Authors: Fregapane Giuseppe , Salvador Maria Desamparados
Published: September 2018

The chemical and sensory characteristics of the extra virgin olive oils (EVOO) produced in the Spanish regions of Castilla‐La Mancha and Extremadura according to the protected designation of origin (PDO) quality scheme of the European Union are reviewed. This zone is the second in importance in Spain after the southern region of Andalusia. A total PDO olive trees cultivated surface of 694 800 ha, almost one‐third of the total, and some 380 related oil mills are currently registered in Spain. Cornicabra and Picual EVOOs − related to Montes de Toledo, Campo de Montiel, and Calatrava PDOs − are those with the highest intensity of bitterness and pungency, sensory attributes directly related to their higher content in phenolic compounds (556 ± 214 and 605 ± 180 mg kg−1, respectively). On the contrary, Manzanilla cacereña and Cornezuelo oils − associated with Gata‐Hurdes and Aceites Monterrubio PDOs − show a lower score in these two positive attributes. Differences in the fatty acid profile and in certain sterols and triterpenic alcohols (mainly total content, campesterol, Δ5‐Avenasterol, stigmasterol, and erythrodiol and uvaol) may be useful, not without difficulties and in combination with other families of chemical compounds (e.g., individual phenolics and volatiles) to discriminate between olive oils obtained from different varieties or geographical areas.

Practical Applications: It is relevant to gather and compare the chemical and sensory characteristics of the PDO EVOOs produced in the central Iberian Peninsula, the second main zone of economic importance in Spain. Indeed, providing clear information on olive oils linked to geographical origin is of interest to farmers and producers and furthermore enable consumers to make more informed purchasing choices. A critical review on published data is also useful to focus the design of future studies needed for achieving the full characterization of these EVOOs.

The chemical and sensory characteristics of the extra virgin olive oils (EVOO) produced according to the protected designation of origin (PDO) quality scheme in the central Iberian Peninsula, the Spanish regions of Castilla‐La Mancha (4 PDOs), and Extremadura (2 PDOs) are reviewed. This geographical zone is the second in Spain regarding cultivated surface and oil production after the southern region of Andalusia.