bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The contribution of lakes to global inland fisheries harvest
Authors: Deines Andrew M , Bunnell David B , Rogers Mark W , Bennion David , Woelmer Whitney , Sayers Michael J , Grimm Amanda G , Shuchman Robert A , Raymer Zachary B , Brooks Colin N , Mychek‐Londer Justin G , Taylor William , Beard T Douglas
Published: June 2017

Freshwater ecosystems provide numerous services for communities worldwide, including irrigation, hydropower, and municipal water; however, the services provided by inland fisheries – nourishment, employment, and recreational opportunities – are often comparatively undervalued. We provide an independent estimate of global lake harvest to improve biological and socioeconomic assessments of inland fisheries. On the basis of satellite‐derived estimates of chlorophyll concentration from 80,012 globally distributed lakes, lake‐specific fishing effort based on human population, and output from a Bayesian hierarchical model, we estimated that the global lake fishery harvest in the year 2011 was 8.4 million tons (mt). Our calculations excluded harvests from highly productive rivers, wetlands, and very small lakes; therefore, the true cumulative global fishery harvest from all freshwater sources likely exceeded 11 mt as reported by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). This putative underestimate by the FAO could diminish the perceived importance of inland fisheries and perpetuate decisions that adversely affect these fisheries and millions of people.
Plagioclase crystallisation in a granodioritic melt and its petrogenetic implications for the origin of the A‐type granite in East Junggar, NW China
Authors: Xu Man , Tang Hongfeng
Published: June 2017

Crystallisation experiments were performed on a natural I‐type granodiorite from East Junggar of Xinjiang, NW China, at 1.0 and 1.5 GPa in the temperature range between 700 and 875 °C and for various water contents to investigate the crystallisation behaviour of plagioclase in granodioritic melts. Experimental results indicate that the optimal conditions for plagioclase to crystallise in this granodioritic melt are approximately 875 °C, 1.0 GPa, and ~10 wt% water content. All the experimental feldspars have ternary composition because of the high pressure in this study, with Or contents increasing while An contents decreasing with the increase of pressure. They consist of Or‐rich plagioclase at 1.0 GPa, passing to An‐rich alkali feldspars at 1.5 GPa. The ternary feldspar plays a role in keeping the total amount of alkali in the residual melt relatively constant. After plagioclase‐dominant crystallisation, the residual melt shows characteristics similar to the A‐type granites from East Junggar, implying that the fractional crystallisation of the I‐type granodioritic melt at high pressure may be one of the important processes generating the A‐type magmas in East Junggar. Mass balance calculation and trace element modelling show that the fractionally crystallised phase assemblage and proportion could be plagioclase (40.2 wt%) + orthopyroxene (6.3 wt%) + hornblende (6.3 wt%). The experimentally determined plagioclase crystal growth rates range from 1.17 × 10−8 to 2.70 × 10−8 mm/s. By comparing the crystal growth rate with the crystal size in natural rocks, the timescale of the crystallisation and differentiation of the I‐type granodioritic magma that is parental to the A‐type granitic magma in East Junggar was estimated to be several hundred years, in excellent agreement with the result from a simple numerical model.
Late Triassic‐Early Jurassic abnormal thermal event constrained by zircon fission track dating and vitrinite reflectance in Xishan coalfield, Qinshui Basin, central North China
Authors: Sun B. L. , Zeng F. G. , Xia P. , Zhu Y. R. , Liu C.
Published: June 2017

Xishan coalfield, Shanxi, is located in the northwest of the Qinshui Basin, central North China. It is notable for its varieties of coal rank ranging from high volatile bituminous coals to anthracite as well as having abundant coalbed methane resources. Zircon fission track (ZFT) analyses were carried out on the zircons in 2 Upper Carboniferous and 5 Lower‐Middle Permian sandstones, and vitrinite reflectance of Late Carboniferous and Early Permian coals were measured to determine the timing of thermal events and maximum paleo‐temperatures, which were responsible for coal maturation and coalbed methane generation. Maximum paleo‐temperatures calculated from vitrinite reflectance values reached to about 232 and 223 °C in Late Carboniferous and Early Permian coals, respectively, and the estimated paleo‐temperature gradient was 11.84 °C/100 m, representing an intensive abnormal thermal event. Results of the ZFT dating indicated that 5 samples failed the χ2‐test and 2 samples passed the test. The decomposition results of the 5 samples divided their age populations into 3 periods: (a) older ages (537, 584, and 802 Ma) than sandstones ages, (b) close to or slightly older than their depositional ages (289, 301, and 331 Ma), and (c) younger than the depositional ages (181–215). The 2 samples that passed χ2‐test yield the central ages of 168 ± 7 Ma and 190 ± 8 Ma, respectively, younger than the deposition age. The close to or older ages than the sandstones depositional ages represent the tectonothermal events occurring in their source areas; the younger ages indicate the existence of the postdepositional tectonothermal event. The agreement of the partly annealing temperature zone (210–300 °C) of zircon fission tracks with the calculated maximum paleo‐temperatures from vitrinite reflectance suggests a Late Triassic‐Early Jurassic abnormal thermal event with the formation time of the present coal rank being 181–215 Ma, rather than a unique intrusion at 95–135 Ma on the western margin of coalfield as previously believed. Combined with other ZFT ages regionally, this abnormal event also occurred in the southern as well as the northern parts of the Qinshui Basin. The Late Triassic‐Early Jurassic intensive extension in the North China Craton is the geodynamic setting of this tectonothermal event.
Additional value of B‐flow imaging in arterial wall calcifications
Authors: D'Abate Fabrizio , de Bruin Jorg L.
Published: June 2017

The accuracy of color Doppler ultrasonography (CDU) is hampered by the presence of arterial wall calcifications. B‐flow imaging may overcome these limitations. We present a case of a severely calcified stenosis of the right common femoral artery (CFA) diagnosed with the aid of B‐flow imaging. Both the CT angiography scan and CDU were limited by the presence of diffuse dense arterial calcifications. B‐flow imaging showed a >75% stenosis of the CFA. B‐flow imaging appears to improve the accuracy of CDU in the presence of calcified stenosis of the CFA. It is of clinical relevance to improve the duplex sonographic accuracy, ideally reducing the need for other imaging modalities prior to surgery. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 46:136–139, 2018
Reproducibility of in vivo magnetic resonance imaging T1rho and T2 relaxation time measurements of hip cartilage at 3.0T in healthy volunteers
Authors: Nemeth Angeline , Di Marco Lucy , Boutitie Florent , Sdika Michael , Grenier Denis , Rabilloud Muriel , Beuf Olivier , Pialat Jean‐Baptiste
Published: June 2017

Purpose

To assess the T1ρ and T2 values in the hip cartilage of healthy volunteers and to evaluate the reproducibility of these measurements.

Materials and Methods

The right hip joint of 30 asymptomatic volunteers was explored with 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Quantitative 3D T1ρ‐ and T2‐maps sequences were repeated twice with a 30‐minute delay (immediate reproducibility). The same protocol was repeated 14 days later (short‐term reproducibility). Immediate and short‐term reproducibility were estimated using coefficients of variation and correlation concordance coefficients (CCC). The precisions of the measurements were estimated by the ratio of the standard deviations. A mixed linear model was used to analyze the effect of patient's characteristics on T1ρ and T2 values.

Results

Immediate reproducibility was significantly better than short‐term reproducibility for T1ρ (CCC of 0.75 versus 0.55; P = 0.007) and T2 (CCC 0.65 versus 0.32; P < 0.001). The precisions of the measurements were estimated between 5.5% and 9.1%. Median T1ρ values were 6.0 msec higher in women than in men (P = 0.006), with no significant influence of age, body mass index (BMI), or sports activity. Median T2 values were not significantly different between men and women (0.4 msec lower in women; P = 0.76). There was no significant influence of age, BMI, or sports activity. T1ρ and T2 values were lower in lateral regions than in medial regions (4.9 msec and 2.5 msec lower respectively; P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

Immediate reproducibility of T1ρ and T2 values is better than short‐term, with limited effect of 30 minutes decubitus. T1ρ values are significantly higher in women.

Level of Evidence: 2

Technical Efficacy: Stage 2

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1022–1033.
Predictors of false negative sentinel lymph node biopsy in trunk and extremity melanoma
Authors: Sinnamon Andrew J. , Neuwirth Madalyn G. , Bartlett Edmund K. , Zaheer Salman , Etherington Mark S. , Xu Xiaowei , Elder David E. , Czerniecki Brian J. , Fraker Douglas L. , Karakousis Giorgos C.
Published: June 2017

Background

Nodal recurrence following negative sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for melanoma is known as false‐negative (FN) SLNB. Risk factors for FN SLNB among patients with trunk and extremity melanoma have not been well‐defined.

Methods

After retrospective review, SLNB procedures were classified FN, true positive (TP; positive SLNB), or true negative (TN; negative SLNB without recurrence). Factors associated with high false negative rate (FNR) and low negative predictive value (NPV) were identified by comparing FNs to TPs and TNs, respectively. Survival was evaluated using Kaplan‐Meier methods.

Results

Of 1728 patients, 234 were TP and 37 were FN for overall FNR of 14% and NPV of 97.5%. Age ≥65 years was independently associated with high FNR (FNR 20% in this group). Breslow thickness >1 mm and ulceration were independently associated with low NPV. Among patients with ulcerated tumors >4 mm, NPV was 88%. Median time to recurrence for FNs was 13 months. Among patients with primary melanomas ≤2 mm in depth, overall and distant disease‐free survival were significantly shorter with FN SLNB than TP SLNB.

Conclusions

Older age is associated with increased FNR; patients with thick, ulcerated lesions should be considered for increased nodal surveillance after negative SLNB given low NPV in this group.
Sonographic Comparison of Morphologic Characteristics Between Pilonidal Cysts and Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Authors: Wortsman Ximena , Castro Ariel , Morales Claudia , Franco Carmen , Figueroa Andres
Published: June 2017

Objectives

To compare the sonographic characteristics of pilonidal cysts and hidradenitis suppurativa.

Methods

A retrospective study of sonographic examinations was performed on 2 groups: 1 with pilonidal cysts and the other with hidradenitis suppurativa. The sonographic characteristics of the pilonidal cyst and hidradenitis suppurativa groups were analyzed, compared, and correlated, including an analysis of the histologic findings. For the pilonidal cyst group, the distribution, morphologic characteristics, location, shape, diameter, axis, vascularity, and scarring were also described. Statistical analyses included Spearman, Wilcoxon, Kruskall‐Wallis, χ2, and Fisher tests.

Results

The sonographic examinations of 84 patients were reviewed: 43 with pilonidal cysts and 41 with hidradenitis suppurativa. The comparison of the morphologic characteristics of the key lesions between the pilonidal cyst and hidradenitis suppurativa groups showed no statistically significant differences (P < .05). Both groups had similar dermal and hypodermal saclike and bandlike structures that communicated with the widened base of the hair follicles. Retained fragments of hair tracts within the lesions were sonographically detected in both pilonidal cysts (100%) and hidradenitis suppurativa (83%) and also found on histologic specimens; however, the density of hair tracts per structure was higher in pilonidal cysts. Sonographic signs of scarring were absent in 63% of pilonidal cysts. Only 2% of pilonidal cysts showed communicating bandlike structures.

Conclusions

Key lesions of pilonidal cysts and hidradenitis suppurativa have similar sonographic morphologic characteristics, which suggests that a pilonidal cyst may be a variant or localized form of hidradenitis suppurativa. The retained fragments of hair tracts frequently detected in both entities may be caused by ectopic production of hair and not by embedding. Common therapeutic strategies and research can be designed for both entities.
Novel Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound Evaluation in Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Injury: Clinical Application and Future Directions
Authors: Hwang Misun , De Jong Robert M. , Herman Stephan , Boss Renee , Riggs Becky , Tekes‐Brady Aylin , Spevak Melissa , Poretti Andrea , Soares Bruno P. , Bailey Christopher R. , Dunn Emily , Shin Samuel S. , Shrot Shai , Huisman Thierry A.G.M.
Published: June 2017

Sensitive, specific, and safe bedside evaluation of brain perfusion is key to the early diagnosis, treatment, and improved survival of neonates with hypoxic ischemic injury. Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (US) imaging is a novel imaging technique in which intravenously injected gas‐filled microbubbles generate enhanced US echoes from an acoustic impedance mismatch. This article describes contrast‐enhanced US imaging in 2 neonates with hypoxic ischemic injury and future directions on developing quantitative contrast‐enhanced US techniques for improved characterization of perfusion abnormalities. The importance of studying the temporal evolution of brain perfusion in neonatal hypoxic ischemic injury is also highlighted.
Rodent response to harvesting woody biomass for bioenergy production
Authors: Fritts Sarah R. , Moorman Christopher E. , Grodsky Steven M. , Hazel Dennis W. , Homyack Jessica A. , Farrell Christopher B. , Castleberry Steven B. , Evans Emily H. , Greene Daniel U.
Published: June 2017

Harvest of low value trees and logging residues for bioenergy reduces downed wood post‐harvest with potential indirect negative effects on ground‐dwelling wildlife such as rodents. We assessed the influence of woody biomass harvests on rodent abundances using an operational‐scale, randomized complete block experimental design study in North Carolina (4 blocks) and Georgia, USA (4 blocks). Each block contained 6 treatments randomly applied to a clearcut harvest, that varied by volume of woody biomass retained, and that represented existing woody biomass harvest recommendations. We livetrapped rodents in 2011–2013, calculated the minimum number known alive for each captured species, and used the value as an index of abundance. We compared abundance of the 3 most commonly captured species (deer mice [Peromyscus spp.], house mouse [Mus musculus], and hispid cotton rat [Sigmodon hispidus]) among treatments with generalized linear mixed effects models. We assessed relationships among species’ abundance and measurements of downed woody debris and vegetation in each treatment unit using linear regression. Although abundance varied among treatments in some cases, we did not detect consistent relationships between woody biomass retention treatments and abundance. Volume of downed woody debris in the treatment unit negatively influenced house mice but had varying influences on deer mice across years. Downed woody debris groundcover negatively affected deer mice in North Carolina in 2012. Litter groundcover negatively influenced deer mice and hispid cotton rats, whereas grass groundcover positively influenced the hispid cotton rat. The lack of consistent relationships between rodent abundance and volume of retained woody debris suggests that the rodent species captured in this study were not affected by current efficiencies of operational woody biomass harvests in southeastern United States loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantations. However, focal species were habitat generalists and less common species may have greater sensitivity to biomass harvests. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Molecular composition of dissolved organic matter in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Martínez‐Pérez Alba María , Osterholz Helena , Nieto‐Cid Mar , Álvarez Marta , Dittmar Thorsten , Álvarez‐Salgado Xosé Antón
Published: June 2017

The molecular composition of marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) is still poorly understood, particularly in the Mediterranean Sea. In this work, DOM from the open Mediterranean Sea and the adjacent Northeast Atlantic Ocean was isolated by solid‐phase extraction (SPE‐DOM) and molecularly characterized using Fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. We assessed the gradual reworking of the SPE‐DOM transported by the shallow overturning circulation of the Mediterranean Sea by following the increase in molecular weight (+20 Da), oxygenation (+5%), degradation index (Ideg +22%), and the proportional decrease of unsaturated aliphatic compounds (+34%) along the Levantine Intermediate Water. This reworked SPE‐DOM that leaves the Mediterranean Sea through the Strait of Gibraltar strongly contrasts with the fresh material transported by the inflow of Atlantic water (Ideg −25%). In the deep eastern and western overturning cells, the molecular composition of the deep waters varied according to their area and/or time of formation. SPE‐DOM of the waters formed in the Aegean Sea during the Eastern Mediterranean Transient (EMT) was more processed than the DOM in pre‐EMT waters formed in the Adriatic Sea (molecular weight and the proportion of unsaturated aliphatic compounds were increased by 5 Da and 9%, respectively). Furthermore, pre‐EMT waters contain more reworked SPE‐DOM (Ideg +7%) than post‐EMT waters formed also in the Adriatic Sea. In summary, our study shows that the Mediterranean Sea constitutes a laboratory basin where degradation processes and diagenetic transformations of DOM can be observed on close spatial and temporal scales.
Liver graft preservation using perfluorocarbon improves the outcomes of simulated donation after cardiac death liver transplantation in rats
Authors: Okumura Shinya , Uemura Tadahiro , Zhao Xiangdong , Masano Yuki , Tsuruyama Tatsuaki , Fujimoto Yasuhiro , Iida Taku , Yagi Shintaro , Bezinover Dmitri , Spiess Bruce , Kaido Toshimi , Uemoto Shinji
Published: June 2017

The outcomes of liver transplantation (LT) from donation after cardiac death (DCD) donors remain poor due to severe warm ischemia injury. Perfluorocarbon (PFC) is a novel compound with high oxygen carrying capacity. In the present study, a rat model simulating DCD LT was used, and the impact of improved graft oxygenation provided by PFC addition on liver ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) and survival after DCD LT was investigated. Orthotopic liver transplants were performed in male Lewis rats, using DCD liver grafts preserved with cold University of Wisconsin (UW) solution in the control group and preserved with cold oxygenated UW solution with addition of 20% PFC in the PFC group. For experiment I, in a 30‐minute donor warm ischemia model, postoperative graft injury was analyzed at 3 and 6 hours after transplantation. For experiment II, in a 50‐minute donor warm ischemia model, the postoperative survival was assessed. For experiment I, the levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, hyaluronic acid, malondialdehyde, and several inflammatory cytokines were significantly lower in the PFC group. The hepatic expression levels of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6 were significantly lower, and the expression level of heme oxygenase 1 was significantly higher in the PFC group. Histological analysis showed significantly less necrosis and apoptosis in the PFC group. Sinusoidal endothelial cells and microvilli of the bile canaliculi were well preserved in the PFC group. For experiment II, the postoperative survival rate was significantly improved in the PFC group. In conclusion, graft preservation with PFC attenuated liver IRI and improved postoperative survival. This graft preservation protocol might be a new therapeutic option to improve the outcomes of DCD LT. Liver Transplantation 23 1171–1185 2017 AASLD.
Cellulose Sponge with Superhydrophilicity and High Oleophobicity Both in Air and under Water for Efficient Oil–Water Emulsion Separation
Authors: Chen Junjun , Zhang Yingxin , Chen Cheng , Xu Mengya , Wang Gang , Zeng Zhixiang , Wang Liping , Xue Qunji
Published: June 2017

Oil–water emulsions stabilized by surfactants are fine dispersions of oil in water or of water in oil and difficult to separate which will lead to serious water pollution. A more recent development is the ability to fabricate oleophobic–hydrophilic surfaces in air, which are not easy to construct due to the difference surface tension between water and oil. Herein, a cellulose sponge with multipore structure is fabricated to increase the removal efficiency. Amphiphilic molecular brushes of polyethylene glycol with short perfluorinated end caps (F‐PEG) are grafted on cellulose sponges to solve the contradictory relation of hydrophilicity and oleophobicity and improve oil/water selective wettability and fouling resistance. Besides, stable superhydrophilicity and superoleophobicity under water, corrosive liquids, and high oleophobicity in air conditions are exhibited in the F‐PEG grafted porous cellulose sponges with textured surfaces (F‐g‐CS). And the separation efficiency and rate of F‐g‐CS with surface of nanopores are 99.92% and 180 L m−2 h−1, while that of micropores are 99.83% and 297 L m−2 h−1 only under gravity. It is demonstrated that the grafting F‐PEG molecules imparted F‐g‐CS of micropores surface with high flux and separation efficiency simultaneously. Furthermore, antifouling property and collection of water in oil–water mixture without fouling are possessed in F‐g‐CS.

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Remote control grubbs catalysts that modulate ring‐opening metathesis polymerizations
Authors: Teator Aaron J. , Bielawski Christopher W.
Published: June 2017

A broad range of stimuli, including light, heat, mechanical force, or changes in chemical potential, may be used to toggle Ru‐based catalysts between multiple distinct states of activity. Catalysts with such features offer a means to temporally‐ and, in some cases, spatially‐control a variety of polymerizations, and thus should facilitate access to synthetic macromolecular materials with tunable structures and properties. Due to the intrinsic versatility and robustness of the Grubbs‐type catalyst platforms, numerous remotely controlled ring‐opening metathesis polymerizations have been introduced. Herein, selected examples of stimuli‐responsive catalysts that have been recently used for such purposes are surveyed and discussed. Perspectives on potential opportunities for development and growth as well as an outlook for the field are also provided. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 2949–2960
Pinch‐off dynamics and extensional relaxation times of intrinsically semi‐dilute polymer solutions characterized by dripping‐onto‐substrate rheometry
Authors: Dinic Jelena , Biagioli Madeleine , Sharma Vivek
Published: June 2017

Stream‐wise velocity‐gradients associated with extensional flows arise in thinning liquid necks spontaneously formed during jetting, printing, coating, spraying, atomization, and microfluidic‐based drop formation. In this contribution, we employ Dripping‐onto‐Substrate (DoS) rheometry protocols to measure the extensional rheology response of intrinsically semi‐dilute polymer solutions by visualizing and analyzing capillary‐driven thinning of a columnar neck formed between a nozzle and a sessile drop. We show that extensional viscosity that quantifies the resistance to stream‐wise velocity gradients is orders of magnitude higher than the shear viscosity. Although shear flows only weakly perturb the chain dimensions, extensional flows can strongly stretch and orient the chains, thus influencing both intra‐ and inter‐chain interactions. We find that the extensional relaxation times for intrinsically semi‐dilute PEO solutions in a good solvent for five different molecular weights increase linearly with concentration, exhibiting a stronger concentration dependence than observed for dilute solutions, or anticipated by blob models, developed for relaxation of weakly perturbed chains in a good solvent. The observed distinction between the concentration‐dependent relaxation dynamics of intrinsically dilute and semi‐dilute solutions arises due the complex influence of stretching, conformational anisotropy, and polymer concentration on excluded volume and hydrodynamic interactions of flexible, highly extensible polymers. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys.2017,55, 1692–1704
Poling influence on the mechanical properties and molecular mobility of highly piezoelectric P(VDF‐TrFE) copolymer
Authors: Roggero Aurélien , Dantras Eric , Lacabanne Colette
Published: June 2017

The calorimetric, dielectric, and mechanical responses of highly piezoelectric 70/30 P(VDF‐TrFE) displaying homogenous d33 of −19 pC N−1 are studied. This work aims at better understanding the influence of poling on the mechanical properties of this copolymer. To explain the one decade mechanical modulus drop observed across the Curie transition, a stiffening process of the amorphous phase due to the local electric fields in the ferroelectric crystals is proposed. In poled P(VDF‐TrFE), these fields are preferentially aligned resulting in a more stable and higher modulus below the Curie transition. This hypothesis accounts for the lower dielectric signals obtained with the poled sample. Through the Curie transition, the vanishing of these local electric fields, stemming from progressive disorientation and conversion of ferroelectric crystals to paraelectric ones, releases the constraints on the amorphous phase, leading to a storage modulus drop typical of a viscoelastic transition. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 1414–1422
Immature Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons Derived from Floor-Plate Method Improve Cell Transplantation Therapy Efficacy for Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Qiu Lifeng , Liao Mei-Chih , Chen Allen K. , Wei Shunhui , Xie Shaoping , Reuveny Shaul , Zhou Zhi Dong , Hunziker Walter , Tan Eng King , Oh Steve K. W. , Zeng Li
Published: June 2017

Recent reports have indicated human embryonic stem cells-derived midbrain dopamine (mDA) neurons as proper cell resources for use in Parkinson's disease (PD) therapy. Nevertheless, no detailed and systematic study has been conducted to identify which differentiation stages of mDA cells are most suitable for transplantation in PD therapy. Here, we transplanted three types of mDA cells, DA progenitors (differentiated in vitro for 16 days [D16]), immature DA neurons (D25), and DA neurons (D35), into PD mice and found that all three types of cells showed high viability and strong neuronal differentiation in vivo. Both D25 and D35 cells showed neuronal maturation and differentiation toward TH+ cells and, accordingly, satisfactory behavioral functional recovery. However, transplanted D16 cells were less capable of producing functional recovery. These findings provide a valuable guideline for standardizing the differentiation stage of the transplantable cells used in clinical cell therapy for PD.
Li3BaSrLa3(WO4)8:Eu3+ and Its Solid Solutions : A New Red Emitting Phosphor ‐ Structure, Synthesis and Appraisal of Optical Properties
Authors: Singh Kasturi , Vaidyanathan Sivakumar
Published: June 2017

Sequences of red emitting Eu3+ activated Li3BaSrLa3(WO4)8 were, synthesized by following an accustomed solid state reaction method. The concentration of the Eu3+ ion was varied in the Li3BaSrLa3(WO4)8 host lattice in steps of 0.3. From the concentration optimization analysis, it was observed that the (Li3BaSrEu2.7La0.3(WO4)8) phosphor composition shows highest emission intensity. Further, we fixed the Eu3+ ion concentration, and efforts have been made to establish a solid solution amid the tungstate and molybdates. All the phosphor compositions exhibit broad absorption due to O → M (M=W/Mo), O → Eu charge transfer(CT) band and excellent photoluminescence properties, with intense electric dipole transition (7F0 → 5D2). The detailed optical studies were indicated in order to authorize that the Eu3+ ion resides at the non‐centrosymmetric site residence in the interior of the host lattice. The Judd – Ofelt spectral intensity parameters were calculated. The absolute quantum yield and lifetime of the red phosphors were also measured for selected compositions. It was observed that the selected phosphors yield a high value of QY (89.8 %) with enhanced absorption and emission properties. The best solid solution phosphor composition was used for LED fabrication by integrating with 395 nm near UV LED, forward biased at 20 mA. The leading optical characteristics of the phosphors may find versatile applications in the field of lighting (including SSL) as well as other essential fields.
σ‐σ, σ‐π, and π‐π Stacking Interactions between Six‐Membered Cyclic Systems. Dispersion Dominates and Electrostatics Commands
Authors: Cabaleiro‐Lago Enrique M. , Rodríguez‐Otero Jesús
Published: June 2017

The characteristics of the interaction in aliphatic‐aliphatic (σ‐σ), aliphatic‐aromatic (σ‐π), and aromatic‐aromatic (π‐π) dimers have been studied employing benzene, cyclohexane and some of their fluorinated derivatives. Though fluorination dramatically changes the electrostatic properties of the molecules, the interaction only changes notably when the fluorinated species interacts with a significantly polar molecule. Fluorination hardly affects the interaction with cyclohexane or trifluorobenzene, both with small dipole and quadrupole moments. The results indicate that whereas dispersion constitutes the leading stabilising contribution in most of the dimers considered, it is the electrostatic term the one reflecting the changes on the interaction introduced by fluorination. As a consequence, the order of stability of the complexes studied follows the trends observed for the electrostatic term, despite not being the largest stabilising contribution.
Controllable Interlayer Spacing of Sulfur‐Doped Graphitic Carbon Nanosheets for Fast Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zou Guoqiang , Wang Chao , Hou Hongshuai , Wang Chiwei , Qiu Xiaoqing , Ji Xiaobo
Published: June 2017

The electrochemical behaviors of current graphitic carbons are seriously restricted by its low surface area and insufficient interlayer spacing for sodium‐ion batteries. Here, sulfur‐doped graphitic carbon nanosheets are reported by utilizing sodium dodecyl sulfate as sulfur resource and graphitization additive, showing a controllable interlayer spacing range from 0.38 to 0.41 nm and a high specific surface area up to 898.8 m2 g−1. The obtained carbon exhibits an extraordinary electrochemical activity for sodium‐ion storage with a large reversible capacity of 321.8 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1, which can be mainly attributed to the expanded interlayer spacing of the carbon materials resulted from the S‐doping. Impressively, superior rate capability of 161.8 mAh g−1 is reserved at a high current density of 5 A g−1 within 5000 cycles, which should be ascribed to the fast surface‐induced capacitive behavior derived from its high surface area. Furthermore, the storage processes are also quantitatively evaluated, confirming a mixed storage mechanism of diffusion‐controlled intercalation behavior and surface‐induced capacitive behavior. This study provides a novel route for rationally designing various carbon‐based anodes with enhanced rate capability.
Disassembly–Reassembly Approach to RuO2/Graphene Composites for Ultrahigh Volumetric Capacitance Supercapacitor
Authors: Ma Hongyun , Kong Debin , Xu Yue , Xie Xiaoying , Tao Ying , Xiao Zhichang , Lv Wei , Jang Hee Dong , Huang Jiaxing , Yang Quan‐Hong
Published: June 2017

A porous, yet compact, RuO2/graphene hybrid is successfully prepared by using a disassembly–reassembly strategy, achieving effective and uniform loading of RuO2 nanoparticles inside compact graphene monolith. The disassembly process ensures the uniform loading of RuO2 nanoparticles into graphene monolith, while the reassembly process guarantees a high density yet simultaneously unimpeded ion transport channel in the composite. The resulting RuO2/graphene hybrid possesses a density of 2.63 g cm−3, leading to a record high volumetric capacitance of 1485 F cm−3 at the current density of 0.1 A g−1. When the current density is increased to 20 A g−1, it remains a high volumetric capacitance of 1188 F cm−3. More importantly, when the single electrode mass loading is increased to 12 mg cm−2, it still delivers a high volumetric capacitance of 1415 F cm−3 at the current density of 0.1 A g−1, demonstrating the promise of this disassembly–reassembly approach to create high volumetric performance materials for energy storage applications.
Creation of Faceted Polyhedral Microgels from Compressed Emulsions
Authors: Fan Jing , Kim Shin‐Hyun , Chen Zi , Zhou Shaobing , Amstad Esther , Lin Tina , Weitz David A.
Published: June 2017

Compressed monodisperse emulsions in confined space exhibit highly ordered structures. The influence of the volume fraction and the confinement geometry on the organized structures is investigated and the mechanism by which structural transition occurs is studied. Based on the understanding of ordering behavior of compressed emulsions, a simple and high‐throughput method to fabricate monodisperse polyhedral microgels using the emulsions as the template is developed. By controlling the geometry of the confined spaces, a variety of shapes such as hexagonal prism, Fejes Toth honeycomb prism, truncated octahedron, pyritohedron, and truncated hexagonal trapezohedron are implemented. Moreover, the edge sharpness of each shape is controllable by adjusting the drop volume fraction. This design principle can be readily extended to other shapes and materials, and therefore provides a useful means to create polyhedral microparticles for both fundamental study and practical applications.
Nanoparticle‐Based Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 Solar Cells With a 9.1% Efficiency Obtained by an Optimization of Sintering Process
Authors: Zhang Yiwen , Satake Tetsuo , Furuta Kaoru , Yin Ming , Sugimoto Kanta , Suyama Naoki , Yamada Akira
Published: June 2017

The sintering process of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) films coated on Mo substrates is optimized by using a selenium/sulfur mixture atmosphere and a designed graphite box. Structural characterization indicates that this optimization is advantageous in reducing the thickness of high resistance Mo(S,Se)2 layer. In addition, Cu content contained in the CdS layer is significantly decreased compared with that obtained by the selenium sintering. An active area efficiency of 9.1% CZTSSe solar cell (without anti‐reflective coating and light soaking) is achieved, demonstrating that the improvement of the Mo/CZTSSe and CZTSSe/CdS interfaces leads to an increased conversion efficiency.
What If “Just Right” Is Just Wrong? The Unintended Consequences of Leveling Readers
Authors: Hoffman James V.
Published: June 2017

The author questions the “just right” leveling of student texts as having put limitations on students and teachers in promoting literacy. The historical background for the leveling of text and readers is described. The author identifies a number of unintended consequences associated with the use of leveling and guided reading. Alternatives to leveling and guided reading are presented, with a particular focus on work in informational texts in inquiry.
Assessment of the Validity and Reproducibility of a Novel Standardized Test Meal for the Study of Postprandial Triacylglycerol Concentrations
Authors: Tentolouris Nikolaos , Kanellos Panagiotis T. , Siami Evangelia , Athanasopoulou Elpida , Chaviaras Nikolaos , Kolovou Genovefa , Sfikakis Petros P. , Katsilambros Nikolaos
Published: June 2017

Lipotest® is a standardized fat‐rich meal designed for use as a test meal during a fat tolerance test (FTT) for the study of postprandial triacylglycerol (TAG) concentrations. Herein we examined the precision and reproducibility of examination using Lipotest® on postprandial TAG levels. A total of 26 healthy consenting subjects were examined twice after 8–10 h fasting with an interval of approximately 1 week apart. Blood samples were collected at baseline and 1, 2, 3, and 4 h after consumption of the test meal for measurement of plasma total TAG levels. We examined agreement, precision, and accuracy between the two visits using the Altman plots and correlation coefficient. Reproducibility was tested using the coefficient of variation (CV) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Moreover, the area under the curve (AUC) as a summary measure of the overall postprandial TAG levels was calculated. The agreement, precision (r ≥ 0.74, p < 0.001), and accuracy (≥0.99) between the measurements in plasma TAG during Lipotest® testing in the two visits were high. In terms of reproducibility, the values of CV were 15.59–23.83% while those of ICC were ≥0.75. The values of the AUCs in the visits were not different (p = 0.87). A single measurement of plasma TAG levels at 4 h after Lipotest® consumption depicted peak postprandial TAG concentration. A FTT using Lipotest® as a standardized meal has good precision and reproducibility for the study of postprandial TAG levels in healthy individuals. A single determination of plasma TAG concentration at 4 h after Lipotest® consumption captures peak postprandial TAG response.
Revealing the potency of Annona muricata leaves extract as FOXO1 inhibitor for diabetes mellitus treatment through computational study
Authors: Damayanti Dini Sri , Utomo Didik Huswo , Kusuma Chandra
Published: June 2017

FOXO1 protein inactivation in the nucleus is one of targets for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Annona muricata leaves contain flavonoid and phenolic compound alkaloids that were known to be able to increase pancreatic β cell proliferation in animal experiment. This research aimed to predict the active compound ability of the Annona muricata leaves to bind and inhibit FOXO1 protein through in silico study. Analysis of molecular docking was performed by using Autodock Vina PyRx. this research proved that anonaine, rutin, muricatocin a, isolaureline, xylopine, and kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside had an equal or smaller free binding energy compared to the control compound. Rutin and Muricatocin A had the same binding ability toward 66% amino acid residues, compared to control compound with hydrogen bond type, while xylopine, anonaine, isolaureline, kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside had a similar binding ability towards 33% amino acid residues compared to control compound with hydrogen bond type.
Optimal dividend strategies for two collaborating insurance companies
Authors: Albrecher Hansjörg , Azcue Pablo , Muler Nora
Published: June 2017

We consider a two-dimensional optimal dividend problem in the context of two insurance companies with compound Poisson surplus processes, who collaborate by paying each other's deficit when possible. We study the stochastic control problem of maximizing the weighted sum of expected discounted dividend payments (among all admissible dividend strategies) until ruin of both companies, by extending results of univariate optimal control theory. In the case that the dividends paid by the two companies are equally weighted, the value function of this problem compares favorably with the one of merging the two companies completely. We identify the optimal value function as the smallest viscosity supersolution of the respective Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation and provide an iterative approach to approximate it numerically. Curve strategies are identified as the natural analogue of barrier strategies in this two-dimensional context. A numerical example is given for which such a curve strategy is indeed optimal among all admissible dividend strategies, and for which this collaboration mechanism also outperforms the suitably weighted optimal dividend strategies of the two stand-alone companies.
Limit theorems associated with the Pitman–Yor process
Authors: Feng Shui , Gao Fuqing , Zhou Youzhou
Published: June 2017

The Pitman–Yor process is a random discrete measure. The random weights or masses follow the two-parameter Poisson–Dirichlet distribution with parameters 0 < α < 1, θ > -α. The parameters α and θ correspond to the stable and gamma components, respectively. The distribution of atoms is given by a probability η. In this paper we consider the limit theorems for the Pitman–Yor process and the two-parameter Poisson–Dirichlet distribution. These include the law of large numbers, fluctuations, and moderate or large deviation principles. The limiting procedures involve either α tending to 0 or 1. They arise naturally in genetics and physics such as the asymptotic coalescence time for explosive branching process and the approximation to the generalized random energy model for disordered systems.
Joint degree distributions of preferential attachment random graphs
Authors: Peköz Erol , Röllin Adrian , Ross Nathan
Published: June 2017

We study the joint degree counts in linear preferential attachment random graphs and find a simple representation for the limit distribution in infinite sequence space. We show weak convergence with respect to thep-norm topology for appropriatepand also provide optimal rates of convergence of the finite-dimensional distributions. The results hold for models with any general initial seed graph and any fixed number of initial outgoing edges per vertex; we generate nontree graphs using both a lumping and a sequential rule. Convergence of the order statistics and optimal rates of convergence to the maximum of the degrees is also established.
Psychotherapie und Migration – neue Herausforderungen
Authors: Schmidt Sören , Petermann Franz
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung. Sieben Jahre nach dem erstmaligen Erscheinen eines Schwerpunkthefts zum Thema „Psychotherapie und Migration“ greift dieses Themenheft die Herausforderung erneut und vor dem Hintergrund der aktuellen Flüchtlingssituation auf. Basierend auf einem erheblichen Anstieg der Flüchtlings- und Asylbewerberzahlen in den Jahren 2015 und 2016 und den oft traumatischen Erlebnissen in den Herkunftsländern und auf den Fluchtrouten, ergibt sich ein erheblicher Bedarf an einer zeitnahen Versorgung. Im vorliegenden Themenheft werden Spannungsfelder der (psycho‑)therapeutischen Versorgung von Flüchtlingen herausgearbeitet und derzeitige innovative Versorgungsansätze vorgestellt.
Entwicklung und Evaluation einer Informationsveranstaltung für in der Flüchtlingshilfe tätige Personen
Authors: Mewes Ricarda , Breidenstein Anne , Strelow Anna Enrica , Reinacher Hanna , Kowarsch Lea , Nater Urs M.
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung. Die hohe Zahl der haupt- und ehrenamtlichen Helferinnen und Helfer in der Flüchtlingsarbeit in Deutschland zeigt das große Engagement und Interesse dieser Personengruppe. Da Geflüchtete vermehrt unter psychischen Symptomen und Störungen leiden, brauchen Helferinnen und Helfer spezielle Informationen, wie sie mit psychisch belasteten Geflüchteten umgehen und diese gegebenenfalls bei der Suche nach einem Psychotherapieplatz unterstützen können. Vor dem beschriebenen Hintergrund wurde eine kurze psychoedukative Veranstaltung entwickelt, in der haupt- und ehrenamtlichen Helferinnen und Helfern Wissen über psychische Störungen, über kulturelle Besonderheiten im Krankheitskonzept von Geflüchteten und über die Beantragung einer Psychotherapie vermittelt wurden. Zudem wurden Tipps für den konkreten Umgang mit belasteten Geflüchteten gegeben. Diese Veranstaltung wurde mit einer Prä-Post und 6-Monats-Nachbefragung mit einem dafür entwickelten Fragebogen evaluiert. Bei der Prä-Post-Evaluation der Veranstaltung unter Teilnahme von 104 Personen zeigten sich ein signifikanter Wissenszuwachs in allen Themenbereichen und eine generell positive Bewertung der Veranstaltung. Bei der Nachbefragung von 20 Teilnehmenden ca. sechs Monate nach der Informationsveranstaltung zeigte sich, dass das Wissen weiterhin höher war als vor der Informationsveranstaltung. Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit liegt erstmals eine evaluierte und manualisierte psychoedukative Veranstaltung für haupt- und ehrenamtliche Helferinnen und Helfer im Flüchtlingsbereich vor, die auf spezifische lokale Verhältnisse angepasst und somit weit verbreitet Anwendung finden kann. Die Informationsveranstaltung wurde unter Berücksichtigung von Verbesserungsvorschlägen der Teilnehmenden überarbeitet und liegt nun in Form eines online erhältlichen Manuals vor.
Rewritable ghost floating gates by tunnelling triboelectrification for two-dimensional electronics
Authors: Kim Seongsu , Kim Tae Yun , Lee Kang Hyuck , Kim Tae-Ho , Cimini Francesco Arturo , Kim Sung Kyun , Hinchet Ronan , Kim Sang-Woo , Falconi Christian
Published: June 2017

Gates can electrostatically control charges inside two-dimensional materials. However, integrating independent gates typically requires depositing and patterning suitable insulators and conductors. Moreover, after manufacturing, gates are unchangeable. Here we introduce tunnelling triboelectrification for localizing electric charges in very close proximity of two-dimensional materials. As representative materials, we use chemical vapour deposition graphene deposited on a SiO2/Si substrate. The triboelectric charges, generated by friction with a Pt-coated atomic force microscope tip and injected through defects, are trapped at the air–SiO2 interface underneath graphene and act as ghost floating gates. Tunnelling triboelectrification uniquely permits to create, modify and destroy p and n regions at will with the spatial resolution of atomic force microscopes. As a proof of concept, we draw rewritable p/n+ and p/p+ junctions with resolutions as small as 200 nm. Our results open the way to time-variant two-dimensional electronics where conductors, p and n regions can be defined on demand.
Structural and regulatory diversity shape HLA-C protein expression levels
Authors: Kaur Gurman , Gras Stephanie , Mobbs Jesse I. , Vivian Julian P. , Cortes Adrian , Barber Thomas , Kuttikkatte Subita Balaram , Jensen Lise Torp , Attfield Kathrine E. , Dendrou Calliope A. , Carrington Mary , McVean Gil , Purcell Anthony W. , Rossjohn Jamie , Fugger Lars
Published: June 2017

Expression of HLA-C varies widely across individuals in an allele-specific manner. This variation in expression can influence efficacy of the immune response, as shown for infectious and autoimmune diseases. MicroRNA binding partially influences differential HLA-C expression, but the additional contributing factors have remained undetermined. Here we use functional and structural analyses to demonstrate that HLA-C expression is modulated not just at the RNA level, but also at the protein level. Specifically, we show that variation in exons 2 and 3, which encode the α1/α2 domains, drives differential expression of HLA-C allomorphs at the cell surface by influencing the structure of the peptide-binding cleft and the diversity of peptides bound by the HLA-C molecules. Together with a phylogenetic analysis, these results highlight the diversity and long-term balancing selection of regulatory factors that modulate HLA-C expression.
Erratum: Loss of BRCA1 or BRCA2 markedly increases the rate of base substitution mutagenesis and has distinct effects on genomic deletions
Authors: Zámborszky J , Szikriszt B , Gervai J Z , Pipek O , Póti Á , Krzystanek M , Ribli D , Szalai-Gindl J M , Csabai I , Szallasi Z , Swanton C , Richardson A L , Szüts D
Published: June 2017

Correction to: Oncogene (2017) 36, 746–755; doi:10.1038/onc.2016.243; published online 25 July 2016 In Figure 2c, the label above the middle panel in this paper was published incorrectly. The correct label should read BRCA1−/− instead of BRCA2−/−. The corrected figure 2 is below. The publishers wishto apologise for any inconvenience caused.