bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Designing EVE (English Vocabulary Exercises) by using Hot Potatoes as supplementary material for teaching vocabulary to elementary level students
Authors: Lukmanul Hakim Ahmad
Published: January 2022

This research was conducted in order to create EVE, an electronic game that can be used to teach and learn vocabularies. The objectives of this research is to see whether EVE can be used to teach vocabulary to elementary school students as a supplementary teaching media. This research takes the form of developmental research. This developmental research was performed in order to create new teaching materials. The research method consists of four phases: analyzing, designing, developing, and implementing also known as ADDI method. Several vocabulary materials from different books and sources were combined with the Hot Potatoes application for teaching vocabularies to complete the designed product. The EVE was created for approximately 50 minutes in teaching and learning period. The completed research was implemented with 11 elementary students from different schools. To sum it up, the researcher found that EVE is usable for teaching vocabulary to elementary level students especially in gaining students’ interest and motivate students to learn vocabulary in more pleasing way.
Le discours interne optimise les effets positifs de l’imagerie mentale lors de l’apprentissage du service chez des debutants
Authors: Robin Nicolas , Carrien Robbin , Boudier Christophe , Dominique Laurent
Published: January 2022

L’objectif de cette étude exploratoire était de tester les effets, au cours d’un stage d’une semaine, d’une combinaison d’imagerie mentale (s’imaginer se voir réaliser un service) et de discours interne cognitif (portant sur les instructions pour servir) sur le pourcentage de réussite et la qualité technique du service de joueurs débutants au tennis dans le but d’apporter des recommandations pratiques aux entraîneurs. Les résultats montrent une amélioration supplémentaire de la performance des services quand l’imagerie mentale est associée au discours interne.
El empleo del tenis para la adquisición de competencias transversales en los Centros de Educación Primaria
Authors: Fuentes-García Juan Pedro , Carmona Blanco Ángela Isabel
Published: January 2022

El principal objetivo de este artículo es dar a conocer la potencialidad del tenis en la escuela, más concretamente en la Educación Primaria, para el desarrollo la mejora de aspectos tan importantes como el rendimiento académico o el desarrollo físico-motriz afectivo, emocional y social.  En este sentido, se exponen, a modo de ejemplo, juegos para desarrollar temas transversales, como la igualdad de género, la educación para la paz, la educación para el consumo responsable y el desarrollo sostenible, y la educación para la salud.
Practical coaching applications for children in the four to six-year-old range: Perspectives from the USTA’s American Development Model
Authors: Davies Karl , Allen Jason , Roetert E.Paul
Published: January 2022

The principles discussed in this article have been designed for junior players of all ages and abilities, and therefore, are translational to 10 and under tennis. These are the same principles that are represented in the USTA’s American Development Model (ADM). The theory behind the principles will be represented and then practical applications will be put forward that are pertinent to 4-6-year-olds and speak to long-term athletic development. The overall premise of the ADM is to attract, engage, and retain young players (4-6 years old) and keep them playing for a lifetime.
Nghiên cứu đánh dấu kháng thể đơn dòng bevacizumab với đồng vị phóng xạ Tc-99m dùng trong chụp hình miễn dịch phóng xạ ung thư
Authors: Thi Khanh Giang Nguyen , Thi Thu Nguyen , Thi Ngoc Nguyen , Van Cuong Bui , Thanh Binh Nguyen , Ho Hong Quang Dang , Thanh Nhan Nguyen
Published: January 2022

Mục tiêu: Mô tả quy trình đánh dấu đồng vị phóng xạ với kháng thể đơn dòng bevacizumab để điều chế dược chất phóng xạ 99mTc-bevacizumab trong chụp hình miễn dịch phóng xạ. Bevacizumab là kháng thể đơn dòng nhân hóa tái tổ hợp kháng yếu tố tăng trưởng nội mạc mạch máu (VEGF) và có tác dụng trong việc ngăn chặn quá trình tăng sinh mạch. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Kháng thể bevacizumab được gắn với đồng vị phóng xạ 99mTc bằng phương pháp đánh dấu trực tiếp dùng thiếc (II) clorua làm chất khử. Các khảo sát tối ưu hóa được tiến hành như pH, nhiệt độ, thời gian, tỷ lệ các chất tham gia phản ứng. Phức miễn dịch phóng xạ được kiểm tra hiệu suất đánh dấu, độ tinh khiết hoá phóng xạ, độ ổn định. Kết quả: Kết quả nghiên cứu tối ưu cho thấy, bevacizumab đánh dấu với 99mTc trong đệm phosphat 0,5M, pH = 7,5 ở nhiệt độ phòng và thời gian 15 phút. Hiệu suất đánh dấu điều chế 99mTc-bevacizumab đạt hơn 95%, độ tinh khiết hóa phóng xạ trên 98%. Hợp chất đánh dấu đạt các chỉ tiêu về độ ổn định trong 24 giờ nghiên cứu. Kết luận: Phức hợp 99mTc-bevacizumab bước đầu đạt các yêu cầu dược chất phóng xạ có thể dùng cho các nghiên cứu tiền lâm sàng.
Thực trạng kiến thức và thực hành về an toàn truyền máu của điều dưỡng viên tại Bệnh viện Trung ương Quân đội 108 năm 2020
Authors: Liên Bùi Bích , Thiết Vũ Văn , Anh Nguyễn Thị Vân , Hương Phạm Thị Thu
Published: January 2022

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá thực trạng kiến thức và thực hành về an toàn truyền máu của điều dưỡng viên tại Bệnh viện Trung ương Quân đội 108 năm 2020. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên 158 điều dưỡng các khoa lâm sàng tại Bệnh viện Trung ương Quân đội 108 trong tháng 7 năm 2020. Kết quả: 45,6% điều dưỡng viên có điểm kiến thức đạt trên 16/33 và 87,3% điều dưỡng viên có điểm thực hành đạt trên 9/18. Kết luận: Điều dưỡng viên có điểm thực hành về an toàn truyền máu đạt trên 9/18 chiếm tỷ lệ cao (87,3%) nhưng tỷ lệ điều dưỡng viên có điểm kiến thức đạt trên 16/33 chỉ chiếm 45,6%.
Nghiên cứu hiệu quả tiêm phong bế chọn lọc rễ thần kinh cột sống thắt lưng dưới hướng dẫn chụp mạch số hóa xóa nền
Authors: Tuấn Phùng Anh , Hoàn Nguyễn Phúc
Published: January 2022

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá hiệu quả kỹ thuật tiêm phong bế chọn lọc rễ thần kinh cột sống thắt lưng điều trị đau do chèn ép rễ. Đối tượng và phương pháp: 160 bệnh nhân đau lưng được tiêm phong bế chọn lọc rễ thần kinh bằng diprospan dưới hướng dẫn của chụp mạch số hóa xóa nền tại Bệnh viện Đa khoa Đức Giang từ tháng 5/2019 đến tháng 5/2020. So sánh điểm đau và điểm mất chức năng sinh hoạt trước và sau can thiệp bằng t-test. Kết quả: Vị trí phong bế rễ L5: 73,1%, S1: 26,9%. Điểm VAS và điểm ODI trước can thiệp, ngày 1 sau can thiệp và sau 1 tháng lần lượt là 7,32 ± 0,46, 4,41 ± 0,66, 1,78 ± 0,87 và 43,81 ± 0,68, 35,27 ± 0,89, 17,2 ± 0,81. Khác biệt có ý nghĩa thống kê. Kết luận: Tiêm phong bế chọn lọc rễ thần kinh cột sống thắt lưng là kỹ thuật điều trị có hiệu quả giảm đau và tăng khả năng hoạt động đối với bệnh nhân đau lưng do chèn ép rễ.
Nhân một trường hợp thiếu máu do tan máu tự miễn biến chứng suy chức năng đa tạng hiếm gặp được điều trị thành công tại Bệnh viện Trung ương Quân đội 108
Authors: Viet Hoan Bui , Dang Hai Pham , Thai Cuong Nguyen
Published: January 2022

Chúng tôi báo cáo một trường hợp thiếu máu do tan máu tự miễn hiếm gặp được điều trị thành công tại Bệnh viện Trung ương Quân đội 108. Bệnh nhân nam, 63 tuổi, được chẩn đoán thiếu máu do tan máu tự miễn biến chứng suy chức năng đa tạng. Bệnh nhân được điều trị bằng corticoid liều cao, gama globulin miễn dịch, lọc máu liên tục, thay huyết tương, bệnh nhân có đáp ứng điều trị sau 13 ngày. Bệnh nhân đã hồi phục hoàn toàn, không để lại di chứng.
Kết quả điều trị bệnh nhân nhiễm khuẩn huyết thứ phát sau tắc mật
Authors: Thi Thu Hien Le , Duc Hoang Dong
Published: January 2022

Mục tiêu: Mô tả kết quả điều trị bệnh nhân nhiễm khuẩn huyết thứ phát sau tắc mật. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Gồm 38 bệnh nhân NKH thứ phát sau tắc mật điều trị tại Khoa Điều trị Gan Mật Tụy, Bệnh viện Trung ương Quân đội 108 từ tháng 1/2020 đến tháng 8/2020. Phương pháp nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang, tiến cứu. Sử dụng phương pháp cấy máu bằng máy BACTEC 9020 của hãng Becton Dickinson - Mỹ và định danh vi khuẩn bằng hệ thống Vitex II Compact của hãng Bio Merieux - Pháp để để xác định tác nhân gây nhiễm khuẩn huyết. Hoặc sử dụng phương pháp PCR đa mồi với bộ sinh phẩm Sepsis@quick để xác định tác nhân gây nhiễm khuẩn huyết. Kết quả: Nam (63,2%) chiếm tỷ lệ cao hơn nữ (36,8%). Tuổi trung bình của nhóm nghiên cứu là 64,8 ± 12,7 năm. Hai tác nhân gây NKH chiếm tỷ lệ cao hơn cả là Escherichia coli (55,3%) và Klebsiella pneumoniae (31,6%). Số ca nằm điều trị 15 - 21 ngày có tỷ lệ cao nhất chiếm 39,5%, tiếp theo là 8 - 14 ngày chiếm 34,2%. Sử dụng kháng sinh nhóm aminoglycoside (86,8%) và nhóm beta lactam (84,2%) nhiều hơn các nhóm khác. Bệnh nhân được điều trị nội khoa chiếm 60,5%, tiếp đến là ERCP chiếm 36,8%. Số ca khỏi bệnh ra viện chiếm 89,5%, số ca tử vong chiếm 5,3%. Kết luận: Bệnh nhân chủ yếu được điều trị nội khoa. Sử dụng kháng sinh nhóm aminoglycoside và beta lactam là phù hợp làm rút ngắn thời gian nằm viện và nâng cao hiệu quả điều trị, số ca khỏi bệnh ra viện chiếm tỷ lệ cao.
Effectiveness of Virtual Teaching Tool on Quality of Life and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Adolescents Affected by Flood at Uttarakhand: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ghai Sandhya , Narayan Dev
Published: January 2022

Background: Floods comes with devastating effects on individual and family worldwide. Flash floods are very common in India. Indian citizens have experienced a variety of floods at Uttarakhand, Kerala, Chennai, and Assam etc. The aftermath of floods can be seen on quality of life (QOL) and mental health as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among victims which should be improved. The present study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of the virtual teaching tool (VTT) on measures to improve QOL and PTSD among adolescents who experienced flood at Uttarakhand.
Methods: Mixed method research approach and exploratory research study, one-group pre-test-post-test designs were adopted for this study. Using a non-probability, convenient sampling technique, forty adolescents who experienced flood were selected from the Bhatwadi, Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand. Tools includes demographic data, WHOQOL-BREF, PCL-5 and one subjective question.
Results: VTT on measures to improve QOL and PTSD was administered after pre-test. The mean and standard deviation of post-test WHOQOL-BREF score 275.37±38.01 was higher than the mean and standard deviation of pre-test WHOQOL-BREF score 227.30±36.52. The mean and standard deviation of post-test PTSD (PCL-5) score 1.00±.00 was lower than the mean and standard deviation of pre-test PTSD (PCL-5) score 1.67±.474. There were no association between sociodemographic variables with WHOQOL-BREF score and PTSD (PCL-5) scale. There is a correlation in pre-test QOL and PTSD. People were afraid of floods, loss of lives and households, and there is acceptance to the aftermath of flood and ready to accommodate.
Conclusions: VTT on measures to improve QOL and PTSD is effective and can bring the community change after among adolescents who experienced floods.

Key words: Adolescents, flood, PTSD, QOL, virtual teaching tool.
The Difference of Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Level between Liver Cirrhosis Patients with and without Hepatorenal Syndrome
Authors: Nasution Fakhrurrazi , Siregar Gontar Alamsyah , . Ilhamd
Published: January 2022

Objective: To determine differences of urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin level in liver cirrhosis patients with or without Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS).
Methods: This study was conducted on 46 liver cirrhosis patients (20 patients without hepatorenal syndrome, 26 patients with hepatorenal syndrome). Diagnosis of HRS was based on International Ascites Club criteria. Urinary NGAL was examined using ELISA method. Data analysis was performed with p<0,05 stated as statistically significant.
Result: This study showed more HRS cases was found in male than female, with an average age of 53,95 years old for hepatic cirrhosis without HRS, and 57,35 with HRS. The most common cause of this study is Hepatitis B virus, and the highest grade of severity is in Child Pugh-C. The average urinary NGAL level in liver cirrhosis with HRS is 59,39 ± 58,98 ng/ml and 130,78 ± 45,14 ng/ml in liver cirrhosis without HRS.
Conclusion: There was a significant higher urinary NGAL level in liver cirrhosis with HRS (p = 0.000), with the cut-off of urinary NGAL to differentiate cirrhosis patients with and without HRS was 95,115 ng/ml.

Keywords: NGAL, HRS, hepatorenal syndrome, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin.
Organic Hallucinosis in Non-Hemorrhagic Stroke Caused by Thrombosis Process: A Case Report
Authors: Ismail Pricella Maria , Sri Wahyuni Anak Ayu , Ayu Suryapraba Indradewi Anak Agung
Published: January 2022

Background/aim: Hallucinations are the special ability to experience phenomena that are not visible to normal individuals. Hallucinations, delusions, and confabulations are common symptoms between neurology and psychiatry. Nervous disease that manifests with hallucinatory symptoms like this is one of them due to right hemispheric stroke. The authors report cases of new-onset organic hallucinosis. and stroke in brain regions similar to the salience network (insular cortex, parietal cortex, and striatum).
Case: A 43-year-old man comes to the ER Sanglah Hospital Denpasar, Bali Indonesia with complaints of slurred speech using an incomprehensible language, and repeating the same words. Talking about seeing a shadow following him but actually not there. Patients often experience sleep disorders, from the results of neurological physical examination found right eye ptosis, pupil anisokor, nerve III dextra complete lesion, supranuclear left NVII paresis, supranuclear left NXII paresis, left flaccid hemiparesis. Psychiatric status obtained unnatural appearance, looks confused, verbal and visual contact is sufficient, mood dysphoric, confused affect and there is no harmony. The thought process obtained realistic, coherent, preoccupation with pain. Perceptual disturbances in the form of visual and auditory hallucinations. Insomnia mixed type and there is hypobulia. Psychomotor calm on examination, history increases. Narcissistic personality traits and defense mechanisms of ego repression. Grade 4 view. CT scan of the head with and without contrast shows subacute ischemic cerebral infarction in the right internal capsule to the right thalamus and midbrain.
Conclusion: Organic hallucinosis occur in non-hemorrhagic stroke caused by thrombosis process if an infarction is found in the right hemisphere.

Keywords: organic hallucinations, ischemic cerebral infarction, non-hemorrhagic stroke, right hemisphere.
Effect of Promotion, Price and Distribution Channels on My-Gell Pen Purchase Decisions at PT. Emico Mitra Cemerlang Medan
Authors: . Fendy , Siregar Melinda , . Nelson
Published: January 2022

This research is motivated by the decreasing number of consumers of PT. Emico Mitra Cemerlang Medan in the period of 2020. The decline in the number of purchase decisions indicates that purchase decisions products from PT. Emico Mitra Cemerlang Medan by looking at the existing problems, this research is directed to analyze how to increase satisfaction with the support of increasing promotion, price and distribution channels. In this study, the criteria used are regular customers, what is meant by regular customers here are product users who have used PT. Emico Mitra Cemerlang Medan. The number of samples is determined based on the calculation of the slovin formula with a tolerable error rate of 10%, it will obtain a total sample of 100 people. The data analysis method used in this study is multiple regression. The result of the research shows that promotion, price and distribution channels have a positive and significant effect on purchase decisions. The author's suggestion is to improve purchase decisions by increasing promotion, maintaining purchase decisions and setting price that are more in line with customer abilities. PT. Emico Mitra Cemerlang Medan needs to maintain elements that have been considered good by customers and need to improve things that are still lacking.

Keywords: Promotion, Price, Distribution Channels, Purchase Decisions.
The Effect of Organizational Culture, Motivation, and Leadership Style on Employee Performance at the Human Resources Development Agency (BPSDM) of Sumatera Utara Province
Authors: Exaudi Simanungkalit Sanrof Baskara , Sinulingga Sukaria , . Iskandarini
Published: January 2022

A government agency is an organization that is a group of people specially selected to carry out state duties as a form of service to the masses. This research aims to determine how much influence organizational culture, work motivation, and leadership style have on employee performance as a dependent variable of the Human Resources Development Agency (BPSDM) of Sumatera Utara Province. The research method used is descriptive analysis with a quantitative approach to all employees at BPSDM Sumatera Utara Province, amounting to 85 respondents. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression with the SPSS program. Based on the calculation results obtained, the organizational culture, motivation, and leadership style partially and simultaneously influence employee performance. Organizational culture variables, work motivation and leadership style together contribute to employee performance 42%, and 58% other factors that contribute to employee performance. The leadership style variable is the variable with the strongest influence on performance with a coefficient value of 0.255.

Keywords: Organizational culture, motivation, leadership style, performance, BPSDM.
Nurse-Led Intervention on Teachers’ Knowledge and Management of Pupils with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Primary Schools in Abeokuta, Ogun State
Authors: O.M. Alake , J. Aina , J.O. Sodimu , O. Dele-Alonge
Published: January 2022

The objective of any educational system is to provide education for all learners with diverse needs and abilities to enable them to achieve their potential and subsequently contribute to society. Teachers are in a position to be the first to suspect that a child might have Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) because they are with them for most of the day and they know how normal learners typically behave in classroom situations. One group pre-test post-test quasi-experimental study was employed for this study. The population comprised 42 teachers in the selected schools. Total enumeration was used for the study. A self-structured questionnaire was validated and used to collect data. The Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient of the construct ranged from 0.741 to 0.808. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed 45.2% participants had low knowledge, 18.1% and 16.7% had moderate and high knowledge respectively at the pre-intervention stage while at the post-intervention stage, 14.3% had low knowledge score while 21.4% and 64.3% had moderate and high knowledge scores respectively. Also, at the pre-intervention stage of this study, it was found that 64.3% participants had a bad management score of ADHD while 35.7% had a good management score of ADHD. The result indicated that there is a non-significant difference in the post intervention knowledge and management of ADHD among the respondents as a p-value of 0.494 was recorded which is much greater than the alpha (α) p-value of 0.05. The study concluded that the role of teachers in the identification and management of ADHD cannot be overlooked. This shows that training and proper education of the teachers will go a long way in the management of attention deficit in the pupils. The study recommended that the management of ADHD should be included in educational programs. Also, there should be follow-up to monitor the progress of the teachers in the management of children with ADHD.
Director’s Age Diversity and Firm Performance: A New Perspective
Authors: Malek Mazrah
Published: January 2022

Diversity of board members has become a recent topic by which it has been linked to board’s effectiveness. It can be postulated that directors from a different generation will exhibit different values, knowledge and behavior that can influence the decisions and actions of a firm. However, earlier studies have produced mixed findings on the effect of director's age and firm performance. This study proposes that in order to examine the influence of age diversity, researchers must capture the difference in the age cohort of directors. Different generations carry its own common and unique characteristics. Consistent with the diversity concept, age diversity should be examined based on the inclusion of different generations to the board, and not just the average number of directors’ age as practiced in earlier studies.
Slave eller selvstendig? Om barnearbeid og barndom før og nå
Authors: Schrumpf Ellen
Published: January 2022

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Mellom beskyttelse og deltakelse: Våger vi å slippe barna til?
Authors: Wilhjelm Hanne
Published: January 2022

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Barnens paradis: Kommersialiseringen av föreställningen om barndomslandet
Authors: Brembeck Helene
Published: January 2022

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Vestígios Arqueológicos no Norte do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Kolling Lieli Coelho
Published: January 2022

O presente artigo tem por objetivo evidenciar os vestígios arqueológicos encontrados no Norte do Rio Grande do Sul, especificamente no Município de Novo Barreiro. A fim de contextualizar os achados na região em estudo, será feita uma breve abordagem referente à História Antiga do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Posteriormente serão apresentados os artefatos líticos, os quais fazem parte de acervos pessoais e atualmente se encontram nas casas dos munícipes. Os acervos analisados apresentam vários artefatos como pontas de projétil, bolas de boleadeiras, lâmina de machado, mão de pilão e percutor. Pretende-se, a partir da apresentação do potencial arqueológico, possibilitar o conhecimento do patrimônio arqueológico, histórico e cultural, contribuindo para a valoração do espaço, preservação e compreensão dos processos de ocupação territorial e fenômenos históricos ali ocorridos.
Direitos dos Robôs nas palavras de David Gunkel
Authors: Moura Cleberson Henrique de , Martire Alex Da Silva , Branco Leonardo Ogassawara de Araújo
Published: January 2022

Considerando que as tecnologias digitais não se limitam a bits e bytes, assim como a arqueologia consiste em uma área do conhecimento que não se limita ao passado remoto, o grupo de pesquisa ARISE (Arqueologia Interativa e Simulações Eletrônicas) apresenta uma entrevista com David J. Gunkel, professor do departamento de Comunicação da Universidade de Northern Illinois (EUA), na qual a conversa aproxima a arqueologia e o digital situando-os no tempo presente por meio de uma conversa sobre direitos dos robôs. Nesta entrevista, Gunkel, referência para muitos pesquisadores, fala sobre ética, inteligência artificial, robótica, entre outras temáticas. Normalmente, no campo da Arqueologia, esses temas não são muito comum entre seus pares, no entanto, dada sua estreita relação com a cultura material das sociedades e a importância dos artefatos digitais atualmente, cada dia mais tem se tornado essencial analisar todos os aspectos sociais, econômicos e filosóficos relacionados à cultura material do presente, bem como pensar a cultura material produzida por esses seres artificiais vivos. Nesta conversa, Gunkel sustenta a discussão sobre o surgimento da temática sobre personalidade jurídica e direitos dos robôs ao fazer um paralelo com as origens de atribuição da personalidade jurídica das empresas e das corporações.
Nanoparticles in Agriculture: Characterization, Uptake and Role in Mitigating Heat Stress
Authors: Yashveer Shikha , Redhu Neeru , Singh Vikram , Sangwan Sonali , Laxman Hembade , Tokas Jayanti , Malhotra Shalini , Khurana Sakshi , Sindhu Anil
Published: January 2022

Abiotic stresses like heat, drought, and salinity are among the major threats to sustainable crop production. These stresses induce numerous adverse effects in plants by impairing biochemical, physiological and molecular processes, eventually affecting plant growth, development and productivity. The rising temperature is one of the major causes of heat stress in agriculture. The variation in temperature during crop development has led to devastating agricultural losses in terms of yield. To adapt and mitigate these effects, germplasm scientists and agronomists aim to develop heat-tolerant varieties or cultivars. These efforts generally include the identification of alleles responsible for heat tolerance and their introgression into breeding populations through conventional or biotechnological methods. However, heat tolerance is a very complex physio-biochemical response of plants governed by a number of genes positioned at different loci. The accumulation of various additive gene effects into a single genotype is an extremely tedious and time-consuming process in both plant breeding and biotechnology. Recent advancements in agricultural nanotechnology have raised expectations for sustainable productivity without altering the genetic make-up of plants. In this milieu, the application of biologically active nanoparticles (NPs) could be a novel approach to enhance heat tolerance in crops. Recently, the NPs from silver, silicon, titanium and selenium have been proven valuable for plants to combat heat stress by altering their physiological and biochemical responses. Due to nano-scale size and the high surface area along with their slow and steady release, the NPs exert positive effects in plants through their growth-promoting and antioxidant capabilities. In this review, various technologies used for NPs characterization and their applications in agriculture have been discussed. The review further elaborates the uptake mechanism of NPs and their translocation in different plant parts along with the factors affecting them. This article also describes the role of metal or metal oxide NPs, as well as nano, encapsulated plant growth regulators and signal molecules in heat stress tolerance. The review will provide an insight to the scientists working in the area of agricultural sciences to explore new NPs to encounter different types of biotic and abiotic stresses.
Evaluation of toxicological metal profiling in different varieties of candies from the local market of Lucknow City, India
Authors: Katiyar Rupender , Sankhla Mahipal , Mishra Vindresh , Jadhav Swapnali , Parihar Kapil , Patel Devendra
Published: January 2022

Virtually almost everyone enjoys chocolates and candies every now and then. Usually, chocolate and candies are the most craved food among children and pregnant women. This craving kicks high during the phase of stress, anxiousness, hormonal changes or mood swings. As children and pregnant women are the most sensitive groups of human population, the presence of any kind of toxicants in their food products can raise serious health concerns. In view of this, an approach has been made to estimate the quantity of nine metals in three different variety of commonly available candies (67 samples) i.e., cocoa-chocolate based, milk based, and fruit flavored candies. Few metals were found at relatively high level in cocoa-chocolate based candies followed by milk based and fruit flavored candies. The findings of this study enlightens the international food safety and public health protection authorities to implement strict permissible limits for the presence of metals in candies. The statistical approach of m­­­ultiple discriminant analysis was also performed in this study to reverse identify the candy groups based on their inter-comparative profiling of multi-elemental contamination among similar type of candy samples which points towards stipulating stringent quality policies and establishing strict standards for manufacturing, processing, storage and transportation of candies and their raw materials.
Fortification of cassava starch with coconut residue: effects on flours’ functional properties and products’ (Tapioca meals) nutritional and sensory qualities
Authors: Adebowale Olalekan , Ajibode Oluwasegun
Published: January 2022

Consumers are show interest in plant-based by-products due to their potential health-promoting properties. Coconut residue is food waste from coconut milk that is potentially rich in bioactive compounds, protein and dietary fibre. The effects of substituting cassava starch with coconut residue on the functional properties (bulk density, water absorption and swelling indexes), proximate composition, the energy value of flour, and sensory characteristics of tapioca grit's meal were studied. Cassava starch was mixed with coconut residue powder in five formulations that had 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40% of coconut residue powder, before being made into tapioca grits. The results showed that the bulk density, water absorption and swelling indexes decreased, whilst protein increased with the increasing addition of coconut residue. The colour of tapioca meals did not have any pronounced change in colour due to added coconut residue. Sensory results showed that tapioca samples fortified with 30% coconut residue was the most preferred with ranking in terms of aroma (8.7), overall acceptability (8.7) and willingness to buy (8.6) compared to other samples. Fortifying cassava starch with food waste like coconut residue improved the protein and fibre contents, and enhanced value addition and food product (tapioca meal) sensory quality.
Zero Hour in Arno Schmidt's Triptych Leviathan; or, An Adventure Allegorist at the Crossroads
Authors: Franken Claudia
Published: January 2022

Arno Schmidt’s tripartite Leviathan (1949; written 1946—1948) is one of the few German narratives composed immediately after World War II. Different from the then newly-propagated Trümmerliteratur (literature among the ruins) or the literature of Vergangenheitsbewältigung (coping with the past), Schmidt’s writing condensed and “dehydrated” narrative events, weaving antiquity and his personal experience into one in order to lay bare historical lines of continuity. Relating to Pytheas of Marsilia, to an ethics based on praxis and to modern physics, he undertakes a demanding topography of “hell descents” within which he also put into doubt political and academic demands upon a cultural legacy that was, to him, anything but timeless. The essay explores Schmidt’s didactic, innovative use of allegory and other rhetorical devices as tools for understanding long-term consequences of failures of interpretation and forceful restrictions on the play of imagination.
Eco-graphy and the Performative Long Poem: C. S. Giscombe’s Giscome Road and Nikky Finney’s Rice
Authors: McCorkle James
Published: January 2022

C. S. Giscombe’s Giscombe Road and Nikky Finney’s Rice are arguably book-length poems that construct an environmental consciousness through the lens of Black identity. Of importance in each is the use of material culture—maps, encyclopedia entries, schematic illustrations, and photographs—to construct the texts. Finney’s work tends to use photographs as supplements to her work, that is as illustrations which are intended to humanize against the grain of anti-Blackness; however, the materials in Giscombe’s collection are parts of a whole, not supplements, but quoted texts albeit utilizing a different visual modality. While there is a distinction between their use of material culture, Finney and Giscombe nonetheless create ecographies— autobiographies that situate and map oneself in a history of ecologies.
The Global White Snake as Digital Activist Project
Authors: Luo Liang
Published: January 2022

There is a long oral tradition and written record for the legend of the White Snake. As a woman, her “original sin” is being a snake. She is a snake who has cultivated herself for hundreds, if not thousands, of years to attain the form of a beautiful woman. Living as a resident “alien” (yilei) in the “Human Realm” (renjian), the White Snake has always been treated with suspicion, fear, exclusion, and violent suppression/exorcism. The White Snake is an immigrant to the human world, whose serpentine identity made her a “resident alien,” the legal category given to immigrants in the United States before they receive their “Green Card” and become a “permanent resident.” The implication of being a snake woman in the human world took on new meanings when the COVID-19 pandemic worsened the existing xenophobia, fear, and suspicion toward minority populations in the contemporary United States and throughout the world. Inspired by the Chinese White Snake legend, the three Anglophone opera, film, and stage projects from Cerise Lim Jacobs, Indrani Pal-Chaudhuri, and Mary Zimmerman, energetically engage with issues relevant to minority activism in the United States and more broadly, through digital media and digital platforms.
A Space Odyssey: Decoding the Reality of Dictatorship in Carolina de Robertis’s Cantoras
Authors: Das Sreeparna
Published: January 2022

By turns brutal and beautiful, Carolina de Robertis’s 2019 novel Cantoras explores twelve years of violent Uruguayan dictatorship where five women of different ages, social, economic, and familial circumstances are yet all equally affected by misogyny, homophobia, and political repression. The women come together to create a haven of freedom wherein to navigate their sexuality without being criminalized, in the middle of a place where freedom for a better future seems to belong to “another bohemian era of dreams.” Pieced together from the real-life oral narratives and testimonies of hundreds, lost or silenced in the mainstream din, the novel brings to life a portrait of queer love and forgotten history unlike any other. This essay aims a close reading of the socio-political environment of the novel from dictatorship to the revolution which makes the journey that these women take from social isolation to widespread acceptance, their achievements, losses, and resilience shine all the more.
Developing Scientific Practices in Primary School: Benzene Ring Heuristic (BRH) Application
Authors: Gokbulak Yagmur , Senler Burcu
Published: January 2022

This study aims to develop primary-school students’ understanding of the scientific practices in the Benzene Ring Heuristic (BRH) and to determine how BRH applications would affect student perceptions about science, scientific knowledge, and scientists. An interpretative qualitative research design was used in the study. The study group consisted of 9 fourth-grade students (6 girls, 3 boys) in a public primary school. To identify the students’ thoughts and perceptions about science, scientific knowledge, and scientists, the study employed open-ended questions as well as the “Draw-a-Scientist Test”. In addition, a poster activity was used to determine how well students understood the scientific practices in the BRH. The drawing test results showed that students drew scientists in general as female, young, most often with a neat-looking physical appearance in enclosed areas mainly representing a laboratory environment, and who is experimenting. An analysis of the posters produced by the students as part of the BRH suggested a certain amount of improvement. These results have educational implications and should be helpful for teachers and teacher educators to better understand the effects of using BRH in science education.
Narrar historias de vida a través de la escritura
Authors:   Instituto Superior de Ciencias de la Educación del Estado de México, Castañeda Ramírez Rodolfo , Hernández Vergara Miguel ,   Instituto Superior de Ciencias de la Educación del Estado de México. Estado de México. México
Published: January 2022

El Programa Educativo de Español que se oferta en la Escuela Normal de Sultepec, se ubica en el inciso “b” de las competencias intelectuales específicas del perfil de egreso, plan de estudios 1999; hace referencia a la capacidad de los estudiantes para expresar sus ideas de manera clara, sencilla y correcta en forma escrita y oral; desarrolla las habilidades de describir, narrar, explicar y argumentar. Aquí se inserta la temática “La narrativa a través de historias de vida para fomentar la escritura en los alumnos de la Escuela Normal de Sultepec”. Así, el objeto de esta investigación se define por la narrativa, y el objeto empírico observable se define por las historias de vida. Entonces, respecto a lo anterior se proyecta un análisis de las dificultades que tienen los estudiantes para la narrativa desde la perspectiva de la Psicología Cognitiva, la cual estudia la narración en forma de conocimiento.
REDUPLIKASI DAN KATA MAJEMUK DALAM BAHASA MANGGARAI DIALEK KOLANG DI KABUPATEN MANGGARAI BARAT
Authors: Jehane Hendrik
Published: January 2022

Bahasa Manggarai dialek Kolang (BMDK) merupakan salah satu dialek yang termasuk dalam kelompok dialek ( KD)  Manggarai S > H (Verheijen, 1930). Kelompok dialek S > H masih belum dikenal luas oleh masyarakat Manggarai pada umumnya dan oleh para  peneliti khususnya. Berbeda dengan KD  Manggarai Tengah yang dikenal dan dipahami oleh sebagian besar masyarakat Manggarai karena fungsi dan peranannya sebagai bahasa Manggarai standar. Oleh karena itu KD Manggarai  S > H perlu diteliti dan diperkenalkan melalui artikel ilmiah agar dikenal lebih luas. Masalah penelitian ini adalah: (1) Bagaimanakah bentuk dan makna  reduplikasi dalam BMDK?; (2) Bagaimanakah bentuk dan makna kata majemuk dalam BMDK?.  Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1)  untuk memerikan  bentuk dan makna  reduplikasi dalam  BMDK; (2) untuk memerikan bentuk dan makna kata majemuk dalam BMDK.  Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif, karena data yang dibutuhkan adalah data bahasa yang digunakan oleh masyarakat penuturnya dalam komunikasi sehari antarpenuturnya.

Hasil penelitian sebagai berikut. (1) Bentuk reduplikasi BMDK terdiri atas dua tipe utama, yaitu: (1) tipe I adalah reduplikasi tanpa perubahan fonem vokal dan (2) dan tipe II adalah  reduplikasi dengan perubahan fonem vokal. Makna reduplikasi terdiri atas lima macam yaitu: (1) menyatakan intensif (sungguh-sungguh); (2) menyatakan makna iteratif (berkali-kali); (3) menyatakan makna kelompok; (4) menyatakan makna deintensif (kurang sungguh-sungguh); (5) menyatakan makna jamak; dan (6) menyatakan makna melebihkan. Kata majemuk dalam BMDK terdiri atas dua jenis, yaitu  kata majemuk koordinatif dan kata majemuk subordinatif. Kata majemuk koordinatif dalam BMDK kurang produktif  jika dibandingkan dengan kata majemuk subordinatif. Kata majemuk koordinatif hanya ditemukan satu tipe yakni berkategori nomina dan konstituennya terdiri atas nomina (N + N = N). Kata majemuk subordinatif lebih produktif, terdiri atas  tujuh tipe.
Análise Espacial da COVID-19 em Presidente Prudente e Botucatu - São Paulo
Authors: De Lima João Pedro Pereira , Borges Guimarães Raul
Published: January 2022

Este trabalho faz parte de uma Iniciação Científica em andamento, a qual se propõe a analisar a difusão espacial e o risco da COVID-19 em áreas de maior vulnerabilidade em Presidente Prudente e Botucatu – SP através de análises comparativas. Em três meses de pesquisa já se pôde obter resultados preliminares no que tange a espacialidade da COVID-19 no recorte estudado, portanto, este trabalho conta com cinco produtos cartográficos que, através do estimador de densidade de Kernel, discutirá a espacialidade da COVID-19 em dois diferentes recortes – o ano de 2020 e de 2021. Para isso, busca-se nas literaturas vigentes o arcabouço teórico e metodológico para realizar esta pesquisa, bem como algumas hipóteses e apontamentos do futuro da pesquisa que se delineará durante o ano de 2021.
Research on the Right of Innocent Passage in the Territorial Waters
Authors:   International Law, East China University of Political Science and Law, Lichuan, Hubei, China, Yang Shihao
Published: January 2022

This article takes the relevant legal system of innocent passage in the territorial waters in international law as the research object, combines the knowledge of jurisprudence, comprehensively uses comparative analysis, historical analysis, and law hermeneutics. Based on an in-depth analysis of the innocent passage system, the relevant practices and positions of various countries about the innocent passage system in territorial waters are summarized, and various issues such as whether innocent passage system in territorial waters is applicable to the warships are discussed. And analyzes China’s current position and practice on innocent passage system, and then put forward suggestions for improvement.
On the Strategies of Strengthening the Construction of Campus Culture in Colleges and Universities from the Perspective of the New Era
Authors:   Shandong Polytechnic, Jinan 250000, Shandong, China, Lu Yingli
Published: January 2022

At present, our country has entered a new stage of development. In the context of rapid economic development, people have increasingly realized the importance of cultural construction to social development. As a base for training talents, colleges and universities must fully realize the importance of school culture construction, and combine their own advantages and characteristics to explore effective ways of campus culture construction. Colleges and universities should guide students to establish a correct outlook on life and values, strengthen students’ ideological and moral education, promote the construction of a harmonious campus, and promote the connotative development of the school. This article first analyzes the significance of the construction of campus culture in colleges and universities in the new era, and discusses the strategy of constructing campus culture in colleges and universities, hoping to provide some reference for the comprehensive development of college campus culture construction.
Mediation Effect of Perception about School Climate on the Relationship Between Students’ Achievement Motivation and Academic Performance
Authors:   College of Education, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China, Li Jinping
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study is to explore the mediating effect of school climate perception on the relation between achievement motivation (including SOAM and IOAM) and academic performance. 324 valid questionnaires from middle school students were used to analyze. Correlation analysis results show that there is a significant negative correlation between academic performance and SOAM, but academic performance positively correlated with IOAM. Furthermore, the perception of study pressure, school order and discipline are negatively correlated with academic performance, while the perception of teacher-student relationship, classmate relationship and the development of diversity are positively correlated with academic performance. Mediation analysis show that there is a partial mediating effect of the study pressure perception on the relationship between SOAM, IOAM and academic performance. Findings from this study suggest that school education should guide students to clarify their learning goals and reduce external study pressure, which helps to promote their academic performance.
Effects of a Single Dose of BURN-XT™ on Resting Metabolic Rate, Substrate Oxidation, and Various Indices of Affect
Authors: La Monica Michael , Ziegenfuss Tim , Lopez Hector
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Many consumers use dietary supplements in the hopes of increasing energy and burning more calories, which if sustained over time may help accelerate weight loss. The purpose of this clinical trial was to investigate the effects of an over-the-counter thermogenic supplement called Burn-XT™ (BXT) on metabolic rate, substrate oxidation, and various psychometric indices of affect that impact weight management. 
Methods: Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design, 16 women and 10 men (29.3 ± 7.3 yr, 169.4 ± 8.6 cm, 75.5 ± 14.3 kg) underwent two testing sessions: placebo (PL) and BXT.  Seated metabolic rate and substrate oxidation, vital signs, and anchored visual analogue scale (VAS) assessments of energy, mood, motivation, focus, fatigue, concentration, and appetite were made before supplementation and hourly for three hours post-ingestion. Two-factor (2x4) factorial ANOVAs and paired sample t-tests (corrected for multiple comparisons) were used for analyses.
Results: Significant increases in metabolic rate (oxygen consumption) were noted at 60 minutes in BXT (+11.9 mL O2/min) vs. PL (-2.5 mL O2/min), p = 0.004, d = -0.74.  Only BXT increased metabolic rate compared to baseline at 60 minutes (+11.9 mL O2/min, p = 0.021, d = -0.53) and 120 minutes (+12.1 mL O2/min, p = 0.019, d = -0.54).  The AUC for resting energy expenditure increased more in BXT vs. PL (p = 0.007, d = -0.57).  VAS detected significant improvements in energy, mood, focus, and concentration for BXT vs. PL at 120 and 180 minutes (all p < 0.05, d = -0.58 to -0.68).  In all cases, within-group changes from baseline for these VAS parameters were significant (all p < 0.05, d = -0.76 to -1.38) in BXT but not in PL.  No within or between group differences in appetite, substrate oxidation, or heart rate were noted.  Small (~3-4 mm Hg), but statistically significant (p < 0.05, d = -0.51 to -0.69) increases in diastolic blood pressure were noted in BXT at 60, 120, and 180 min vs. PL; and in systolic blood pressure at 60 min vs. PL. In all cases, values remained within normal clinical hemodynamic ranges.
Conclusions: A single dose of BXT safely increased metabolic rate, energy, mood, focus, and concentration. Given that these factors are known to favorably impact weight management, future studies should determine whether daily supplementation with BXT reduces body weight and improves body composition.
Editorial Foreword
Authors: Miloiu Silviu-Marian
Published: January 2022

The Romanian Journal for Baltic and Nordic Studies marks its tenth anniversary with a special issue devoted mainly to 100 Years since Modern Independence and Unification in Baltic Sea Region and East-Central Europe, which was the theme of the Ninth Annual International Conference on Baltic and Nordic Studies in Romania held at Valahia University of Târgoviște on November 15-16, 2018. The event focused on the historical, cultural, social and economic processes which led to the independence of Finland, Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia and Poland in the Baltic Sea Region, to the unification of Romania and the independence of Czechoslovakia, Austria, Hungary and Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Yugoslavia) in East-Central Europe and the consequences of the reshaping of the entire region from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea and Adriatic Sea. Several other political entities created at the end of World War I such as Ukraine, Georgia or Litbel succumbed after barely living for a few months or years of existence. How did the changes of borders and belonging affect the human communities living in the area and what impact did they have beyond the region on the short, medium and long-run? How were war and peace-making experienced in this region and how did they influence the changes of political geography? How did the processes of independence and unification reverberate throughout the region and how did state and non-state actors reflect, echo and react to this structural transformation of the area? How does this metamorphosis resonate in historical memory, the politics of memory and cultural identity, in historical narratives, including competing narratives, and in the use of history in identity politics a century after the guns were silenced? How does literature permeate the changes occurring at the end of the war to end all wars in the region? How do art, architecture, patrimony, in general, capture the message of those tremendous transformations? Places of commemoration, autobiographies, biographies and memoirs, empiric or theoretical research relevant to the conference topic stood also at the core of the conference.