bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effluent Gases Emission from Brickfields in Bangladesh: Policy Guidance Underpinning Bioethical Grounds Mitigating Emission Levels
Authors: Rahman Akim M. , Islam Saadi
Published: April 2024

Recent years’ rapid urbanization and then rural to urban migration have created increasing demands of bricks usages in Bangladesh. However, brick industry has been largely using inefficient, dirty technology and burns woods-coal. It injects huge volume of effluent gases namely CO2, SO2, NOx, CH4, CO etc., in atmosphere. Governments, particularly developing countries have lost the ability to effectively regulate environmental issues, while at the same time corporations have gained unprecedented influence over many facets of society. On this aspect, Bangladesh is no exception. For policy guidance underpinning ethical grounds on the issue, this study analyzes the basic issues of CO2 emission from brickfields in terms of marginal damage (MD) analysis. Findings show that the marginal social costs are higher than marginal private (producer of bricks) costs where brickfields are benefiting with the expense of Bangladeshi society as a whole. As time passes by, rises of brick-prices have been causing upward trends of welfare losses where producers’ surpluses are dominating in the total surplus. This economic situation has been causing higher deadweight loss year after year. Addressing the issues, national strategies and policy actions underpinning bioethical grounds are needed. Reforestation efforts can be achieved in multi-faucets: brick-fields’ charity, government policies on planting trees and policies on motivational efforts inspiring citizens of Bangladesh. Bioethics responsibility trainings in multi-faucets are needed where government’s roles in designing program(s) can be instrumental. Motivational policy can be: i) inspiring celebration individual’s “Birthday, having 1st child in family and Event of marriage” by planting trees, ii) forcing to utilize green tech in brick kilns and iii) policies conducting academic research where financial supports are in need.
Revisiting the Discourse on Human-Nature Relationship in African Traditional Religion and the Responses to the Environmental Change
Authors: John Elizabeth Okon , Enang Nelson Robert
Published: April 2024

The pantheistic view of nature enshrined in African traditional religious beliefs and thought systems has propelled a myriad of African scholars to assume that the environmental ethical position of ATR on human-nature relations is environment-centered. This is a result of the ineptitude of some scholars to critically analyze the complexity involved in the discourse on human-nature relations in traditional African religious beliefs, borne out of an ethnocentric mindset to eulogize ATR. An in-depth understanding of African traditional religious environmental ethics requires a full grasp of African ontology. On this note, to clear this age-old misconception about Traditional African notions on human-nature relations, this research aims at simplifying the complexity or ambiguity surrounding the discourse and brings to the fore the anthropocentric view of African Traditional Religion and environmental ethics on human-nature relations. The paper argues vehemently that African religious belief in human-nature relations is absolutely anthropocentric.
The Effects of Man’s Activities on the Environment and Humanity: The way forward
Authors: Ojong Lawrence Odey
Published: April 2024

This paper shows how man's activity negatively impacts the environment and humanity. This work emphasizes that human beings should reduce activities in the environment to avoid boomeranging effects. Thus, man must realize that the environment provides man with naturalness, aesthetic enjoyment, and spiritual significance value. As such, man should cultivate an attitude of love for nature (environment), reverence for nature (environment), and limit the use of nature (environment) for the future generation. The methods employed in this work are critical analysis, logical evaluation, argumentation, and prescription.
Editorial
Authors: Hossain Arif
Published: April 2024

We are living in a corona pandemic environment. Despite this, we are going ahead. Let us hope for a coming future. The current issue of BJB is designed by the articles on the ethical issues in the environment. Following is a brief sum-up of each paper:
Africa’s Response to COVID-19 Pandemic and Guiding Ethical Principles
Authors: Kelbessa Workineh
Published: April 2024

This paper explores Africa’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic and some ethical principles that can be used to address the problem of COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic affects all human beings in the world, but not equally. Developing countries are more vulnerable to the COVID-19 crisis. Humanity should act collectively to deal with this crisis. It should search for both indigenous and modern medicines to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. Besides science and technology, humanity should adopt ethical principles, such as the precautionary principle, solidarity, principles of respect for persons, beneficence, nonmaleficence, reciprocity, justice, proportionality, accountability, transparency, and communalism to effectively combat COVID-19. This paper further suggests that pharmaceutical companies should prioritize the well-being of the people, rather than trying to make unnecessary and unreasonable profits in the global fight against the COVID-19 pandemic.
Structure and Function of Ethics Committee in Bangladesh
Authors: Lasker Shamima Parvin , MA Shakoor , Hossain Arif
Published: April 2024

A cross-sectional study was done on 50 ethics committee members from 15 different Ethics Committee (EC) over a period of 6 months from February 2018 to June 2018 to understand the structure and function of ECs in Bangladesh. Most of the ECs were male predominant (66.3%) and maximum ECs had technical members (93.33%). Only 8.3% ECs had lay person. Forty percent of the ECs did not update SOP routinely. Most of the ECs had no provision of training for its members (79.2%) and had no budget (71.8%) for the purpose of running EC efficiently. Different ECs had different quorum to start the meeting. Maximum ECs service were voluntary (82.22%). A little less than half of the respondents (45.76%) felt that their decision had not been noted down if disagreed against majority of vote in the ECs and did not placed in the minute. Maximum respondents (88.18%) did not know whether there was any law in Bangladesh to create a EC. A big percentage (89%) of ECs did not monitored by authorized body to guide and oversee the functioning of EC. This article concluded that some ECs followed the international rules and regulation to formation and function the ECs but still a handsome number of ECs were lag behind in Bangladesh. The capacity of ECs can only be strengthened by training and various recognition/accreditation programs.
Experiences on the path to achieving SIDCER recognition of an Ethics Committee
Authors: Mourouguessine Vimal , Anandabaskar Nishanthi , Rajendrakumar Nivaratirao Kagne
Published: April 2024

Ethics Committees (ECs) are endowed with the responsibility of ensuring ethical conduct of biomedical research and human research participants’ protection. Although mandating its registration with central regulatory agency/agencies like Department of Health Research or Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation helps to improve its quality of functioning, further progress in achieving highest standards of ethical review is facilitated by undergoing various recognition/accreditation programs. One such is the Strategic Initiative for Developing Capacity in Ethical Review (SIDCER) recognition program, which was established under the World Health Organization–Tropical Disease Research (WHO-TDR) as a public-private partnership project in the year 2005. An EC is recognized by SIDCER after assessing five standards namely its structure and composition; adherence to specific policies; completeness of its review process; after review process; and documentation and archiving. This review describes the experiences of an EC of Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital (SMVMCH), on the path to receiving SIDCER recognition and way beyond.
Ethics in Scientific Publications
Authors: Brunda Bezawada , Liyi Karso , Chaturbhuja Nayak
Published: April 2024

Ethical scientific publication is of growing importance due to an array of reasons. The responsibilities of a researcher have grown manifold with robust laws to protect human rights from spurious research, and rising awareness of ethics in conceiving, conducting and reporting research. To report a good research, an author must be aware of ethical publication practices. In this paper, we review the ethical issues involved with scientific publication. Literature regarding ethical publication was reviewed in leading search engine PubMed with the following search terms and their combinations: ethics, publication, scientific publication. Twenty-six papers were selected based on their relevancy. There is a need to raise awareness about the ethical issues in publishing especially at a student level in academics so that as they become researchers they already are aware of publication ethics. The University Grants Commission has developed a course in this regard which should be well promoted and compulsory since graduate studies. This paper highlights the nuances of ethical publishing that need to be taken care of such as data fabrication, plagiarism, conflict of interest and such commonly mistaken aspects that need to be addressed seriously while reporting research.
Situating the Place of Literature in Research Ethics
Authors: Nkereuwem Nchekwube Ogonna
Published: April 2024

It is an indisputable fact that literature reserves a significant place in research ethics. However, its place in research ethics is neglected by most of the scholars concerned with the scholastic subject matter of research ethics. This study aims at exploring the place of literature in research ethics. Primary data were obtained from observation, and library and internet data sources. Content analysis and qualitative approach are employed in the analysis of data. The work is grounded by the functionalist theory, which explains the functional connectivity between literature and research ethics, as societal systems that are interdependent. The analysis reveals that literature plays crucial roles in instruction, information, education, exerting influence, construction of realities and ethics, execution, preservation and transmission of research ethics, instilling creative and critical skills in researchers, research authorities and participants, and causing readership, and new world orders in research sphere. The study concludes that literature is deeply involved in all that concerns research ethics. It recommends sustained right use of literature for constructing, disseminating, executing, sustaining and reforming research ethics across ages and societies.
Analyzing the Performance of Image Denoising Techniques
Authors: Agrawal Rashmi
Published: April 2024

With the increasing use of digital images, there is a growing demand for finer-tuned images that will improve the quality of what is being captured. Images captured by modern cameras are noisier, which reduces their quality. It is therefore imperative to reduce the amount of noise in these images, as well as the sharpness of the edges, corners, and other details of the image without reducing the image quality. Image noise is one of the main concerns on digital cameras. It has been found that there are a variety of techniques that can be used to reduce noise in images, each of which has different advantages and disadvantages. However, there is still a challenge and concern associated with image denoising since, when noise is removed from an image, the image is likely to appear blurred. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the characteristics of different types of noise in an image, as well as some of the different types of denoising techniques for the right way capture . The objective of this paper is to introduce various denoising techniques that can remove noise from images while maintaining a high level of image quality. Our study also utilized bilateral and nonlocal means filtering techniques, as well as total variability denoising to demonstrate the denoising in a noisy image. The numerical data in pixels in an image is typically changed by digital image filters (convolution kernels). Filters can cause artifacts in an image if they are not used carefully, leading to a misinterpretation of the data. We have ethically applied the filtering techniques in our experiment.
Tuberculosis Treatment in The Human Genome Editing Era: Unbundling the Right of
Access to Healthcare Services in South Africa
Authors: Kamwendo Tamanda
Published: April 2024

Tuberculosis (TB) is both preventable and curable, yet it is the top killer
disease in South Africa. In 2018, about 300,000 people in South Africa fell ill with TB
and about 63,000 people died of TB. This demonstrates that the incidence of TB in South
Africa is far greater than in other continents. This calls for a paradigm shift in the
response to fighting the TB epidemic. Specifically, this necessitates promoting access
to progressive treatment methods to fight the age-old disease that is still affecting a
greater fraction of the South African population. Treating TB with monotherapy has, in
most instances, proven to be ineffective. The burden of the TB epidemic as witnessed in
South Africa is a compelling reason for alternative treatment options such as human
genome editing. The main purpose of this paper is to examine to what extent the legal
and policy framework in South Africa enables the government to provide TB treatment to
patients using human genome editing. The paper concludes that the right approach to
accessing this technology is important because it provides a solid ground to demand
access.
Pragmatism for Biomedical Laws of Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Ahmed Ragib , Chowdhury Sal Sabil , Jamil Arif
Published: April 2024

Pragmatism is a school of moral philosophy, and of contemporary in origin,
comparing to the other schools of moral philosophy. It evaluates the action based on the
practical applicability and relevance. Pragmatism can, therefore, be useful to make a
law that govern the society contemporary and relevant for the constantly changing world.
Biomedical laws in particular are needed to correspond to the changing standards and
good practices in tandem with their advancements. This paper will assess from a
pragmatic point of view, the efficacy of the biomedical laws of Bangladesh.
Language and Critical Thinking as Vehicles of Environmental Ethics and
Metaphysics
Authors: Danjuma Christiana , Anyanwu Edith Ada , Robert Odey Simon
Published: April 2024

Language, metaphysics and environmental ethics are specific and universal aspects
of culture. Language and critical thinking are phenomenal means of communicating and
rationalising environmental and metaphysical issues, among other existential concerns in
general. This study argues that language and critical thinking are vehicles of
metaphysics and environmental ethics. It also argues that the kind of metaphysics and
environmental ethics inherent to a people determine their attitude towards the
environment. As some scholars affirm in the literature, this is where continental
philosophy comes into environmentalism, because no philosophy is independent of culture
and a larger number of environmental issues are peculiar to a place, while a few others
obtain across places as universals. Thus, environmentalists look at environmental issues
and metaphysical concerns from both specific and general contexts. It is realised that
upon giving the issues at stake critical reflections, ethical principles are made or
advanced using language constructively to express, disseminate and sustain them across
ages. The study concludes that despite being neglected in metaphysical and environmental
discourses, language plays a critical role in them, as (mis)representation of the two
depends on how language is used to express and disseminate (un)critically constructed
thoughts on environment and metaphysics.
Editorial
Authors: Ahmed Tahera
Published: April 2024

Greetings for the New Year and to a Happy Eid vacation! The year 2024 has just started and we have already celebrated quite a few events. New Year, Pohela Falgun , Women’s Day, and upcoming Pohela Boishakh . Again, The Bangladesh Bioethics Society arranged for an awesome seminal in Artificial Intelligence participated by renowned scientists from home and abroad. This seminar led by Professor Taslima Monsoor and organized by Dr. Shamima Lasker provides the participants with updated knowledge on Artificial Intelligence and Peer Review. Well appreciated by all.
URGENSI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM MENGATASI KRISIS MORAL DI KALANGAN SISWA
Authors: Slamet Pamuji
Published: April 2024

One reason for the moral crisis among students is the lack of character education taught in schools. Character education is an implanting system of character values that includes components of knowledge (cognitive), feeling (feeling), and action (action) as forms of sexual development and individual conduct. The study aims to provide  on the importance of character education in dealing with the moral crisis that prevails among students. Character education is expected to create good citizens as well as morals that match Indonesian citizens' morals. This research method employs a qualitative approach with a study of literature. Research shows that development of The Times, family, peer group, school environment, and social circles have hada major impact on the students' decay of morals. And character education can be the solution to these problems.
PERGESERAN PERAN IDEOLOGI DALAM PARTAI POLITIK DI TEMPAT KERJA
Authors: Gloria Soly
Published: April 2024

Pasca reformasi terjadi perubahan besar pada sistem politik di Indonesia, terutama munculnya partai-partai politik. Perubahan asas tunggal dalam politik yang memberikan ruang bagi partai politik politik kecuali ideologi Pancasila. Kemudian dengan diadakannya pemilihan umum secara langsung konstituen pada pemerintah pusat atau daerah yang memberikan warna tersendiri pada politik. Di sisi itu, peserta pemilihan umum yang sedikit menyebabkan kecilnya peluang partai politik yang muncul untuk memperoleh suara mutlak dan hal ini akan menyulitkan partai-partai politik untuk meraih atau mempertahankan kekuasaan. Pada kenyataannya koalisi tidak hanya antar partai yang memiliki ideologi yang sama,  Sebagaimana kesimpulan sementara penulis  kesimpulan sementara, figur menjadi sentral aktivitas politik karena partai politik lebih memperdagangkan figur daripada memperdagangkan program kerja sebagai daya tarik partai politik
Marketplace Design With Joomla Case Study: PT. Lum Cengkareng
Authors: Firdaus Mohamad
Published: April 2024

Online marketplaces are so mushrooming that it can make it easier for someone to transact in everyday life. With this technology, market penetration is increasingly widespread and can generate large business profits. A company located in the Cengkareng area of West Jakarta is trying to develop its business. In accelerating the development of their business they are trying to organize a design and creation of an online marketplace and also provide training on the use of features in the marketplace online that can be used by the community to make transactions quickly. The method used in making this design is an explorative method in the application life cycle, where a marketplace website will be designed with the Content Management System application. The results of this paper show that the design of a marketplace website can be built using the CMS application, namely Joomla. This research is a form of utilization of online-based information technology at PT LUM.
The Importance of War Crimes Regulation in Indonesian Criminal Law
Authors: Fitri Arianti Saputri
Published: April 2024

Armed conflicts often involve violations of humanitarian law and the laws of war, causing adverse impacts on civil society. The involvement of states in international conflicts drives the need for comprehensive war crimes regulation to uphold humanitarian values and protect human rights. In the context of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, the role of the UN as a global organization becomes crucial, and Indonesia, as a UN member state, has a responsibility to contribute to achieving peace and maintaining world order. Although Indonesia has Law No. 26/2000 on Human Rights Courts, the regulation does not explicitly cover war crimes as stipulated in the 1998 Rome Statute. The history of war law in Indonesia shows the need for reform to accommodate more modern principles of international law. The push for the establishment of more comprehensive regulations related to international humanitarian law shows the international world's awareness of the need to regulate international crimes more clearly and firmly. Support from various parties, including civil society, scientists, NGOs and the government, is key in ensuring the realization of effective and equitable regulations related to war crimes in Indonesia. Indonesia needs to respond seriously to the urgency of establishing war crimes regulations to make a positive contribution to maintaining global peace, protecting human rights, and bringing justice to victims of war crimes.
Distributed Data Base
Authors: Purnomo Rahmat
Published: April 2024

In the context of a distributed database, data is stored on various computers that are interconnected through communication media such as high-speed buses or telephone lines. A distributed database system consists of a set of sites, where each site has the ability to execute transactions that access data at one or more sites. A distributed database is a collection of logical data that is physically dispersed in a computer network, which is independent of current or future application programs. Fragmentation is a phenomenon in which storage space is inefficiently utilized, resulting in reduced storage capacity, while the term also refers to the condition of the deserted storage itself. Replication, on the other hand, is a technique for copying and distributing data and database objects from one database to another, as well as maintaining data consistency through synchronization between databases.
The Implementation of Good Governance through Regional Inspectorate Oversight in Bone Regency
Authors: Sakir Ahmad rosandi
Published: April 2024

This research aims to investigate the implementation of good governance through the supervisory role carried out by the Regional Inspectorate in Bone Regency. The primary focus of this study is to provide a description and explanation of how good governance can be realized through the supervisory function of the Regional Inspectorate in Bone Regency, with a specific emphasis on establishing a governance structure free from Corruption, Collusion, and Nepotism (CCN). The research methodology used in this study is a qualitative descriptive approach. Through this method, the research seeks to identify factors influencing the implementation of good governance, including constraints and obstacles faced by the Regional Inspectorate. The results of the research indicate that the implementation of good governance in the Regional Inspectorate of Bone Regency is still not optimal. Several factors, such as limited human resources, a vast supervisory area, inadequate facilities, and a structure controlled by the regional head (Bupati Bone), impact the effectiveness of supervision. The study also highlights the importance of establishing a governance structure free from CCN as an integral part of the goal to improve governance. In conclusion, efforts to achieve good governance in Bone Regency through the Regional Inspectorate require attention to these factors. Improvements in human resources, infrastructure, and organizational structure can enhance the effectiveness of supervision and support the establishment of a clean and efficient governance structure
Reviewing Criminal Threats Against Falsification of Covid-19 Certificate by Medical Personnel
Authors: Nuzul Quraniati Rohmah
Published: April 2024

This article discusses the relationship between law and society, beginning with a review of the statement “where there is society, there is law” (ubi societas ibi ius). The research highlights how societies form laws in an effort to protect themselves or their groups. However, societal developments are often faster than legal reforms, resulting in some regulations becoming irrelevant to the current situation. The Covid-19 pandemic, for example, has changed various aspects of people's lives, including travel restrictions and requirements. Documents such as the Covid-19 Certificate have become important in a pandemic situation, but cases of forgery have also increased. Syndicates of Covid-19 Certificate forgery, including perpetrators who are medical personnel, indicate a serious violation of the law. The imposition of criminal and administrative sanctions is necessary to uphold justice and emphasize the importance of complying with the code of ethics, especially in the context of health services. Through an understanding of applicable regulations and laws, as well as fair enforcement of sanctions, it is hoped that the community can obtain justice and protection in accordance with current social and health conditions.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA OBJEK NYATA MELALUI METODE DEMONSTRASI PADA PEMBELAJARAN BENDA PADAT DAN BENDA CAIR DI KELAS II SD NEGERI 204/X NIPAH PANJANG I’ PANTAI GALANG
Authors: KARYANI SITI
Published: April 2024

Masalah yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini adalah usaha peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam dengan tema benda padat dan benda cair menggunakan objek nyata melalui metode demonstrasi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas II Sekolah Dasar Negeri 204/X Nipah Panjang I’ Pantai Galang yang berjumlah 8 orang. Adapun tujuan dalam penelitian ini meliputi: 1) Kemampuan guru dalam menggunakan objek nyata pada pelaksanakan metode demonstrasi pada pembelajaran IPA tentang benda padat dan benda cair untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa di kelas II Sekolah Dasar Negeri 204/X Nipah Panjang I’ Pantai Galang. 2) Partisipasi siswa dalam pembelajaran IPA dengan metode demonstrasi di kelas II Sekolah Dasar Negeri 204/X Nipah Panjang I’ Pantai Galang. Penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan subjek pada penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas II dan guru yang sekaligus bertindak sebagai peneliti. Penggunaan prosedur penelitian dalam penelitian ini meliputi perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Teknik yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data adalah teknik observasi partisipan dan teknik pengukuran. Sedangkan alat yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data dalam penelitian ini adalah lembaran observasi simulasi Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran demonstrasi sangat cocok bila digunakan bersamaan dengan media objek nyata dikarenakan memudahkan siswa untuk memahami suatu konsep dalam pembelajaran khususnya pada tema benda padat dan benda cair.
Concept Of The Epidemiologic TriangleIn The Workplace
Authors: Umayyah Siti Aisyah
Published: April 2024

The workplace is a potential source of hazards and risks for workers. Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) is a priority in efforts to reduce these risks through cooperation between employers and employees. Data from the International Labor Organization (ILO) shows a high number of deaths and injuries due to work accidents and work-related diseases. In Indonesia, reports from the Social Security Implementation Agency (BPJS) for employment reveal an increase in cases of work accidents from year to year. Occupational safety and health is an important factor in creating a proper working environment, with the concept of epidemiology helping to understand the host-agent-environment contribution. OHS protection efforts are crucial to reduce risks and improve well-being in the workplace.
Law Enforcement Regarding Human Rights According to Positive Law in Indonesia
Authors: Tiara Saskia Maharani
Published: April 2024

This article discusses the importance of recognition and protection of human rights in the Indonesian legal system, focusing on the 1945 Constitution and its amendments, as well as Law No. 39 of 1999. Furthermore, the article highlights the establishment of law enforcement agencies, such as Komnas HAM, as a commitment by the government to ensure justice. The Second Amendment of 2000 strengthened the position of human rights in the hierarchy of national legal norms. This research aims to explore the mechanisms for applying the law to human rights violations and the remedies required in Indonesia. The application of law includes legal groundwork through the Human Rights Court, while remedies involve mechanisms such as peace, consultation, and mediation, which must take into account cultural and social values. With active community support and coordination of relevant institutions, human rights enforcement is expected to remain in line with local and universal values.
KONSTRUKSI SOSIAL PELECEHAN SEKSUAL VERBAL (CATCALLING) PADA MAHASISWA PELAKU PELECEHAN SEKSUAL VERBAL (CATCALLING) DI UNIVERSITAS SRIWIJAYA
Authors: Fadhilah Nurul
Published: April 2024

This research analyzes the externalization process, objectivation process, and internalization process of catcalling students at Sriwijaya University. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach method with collection techniques and uses observation, interviews, and documentation. The theory used in this research is the Social Construction Theory of Peter L Berger and Thomass Luckmann. The results showed that someone who does catcalling is due to the influence of others. And it is not uncommon for the perpetrators to realize that catcalling is an action that is not good and only for their own satisfaction, but awareness of this does not make the perpetrators stop catcalling..
Experimental Research Methods“Anava and Factorial Experiment Psychology Research Design”
Authors: Bima Nanda Pratama  , M. Luthfi Reza Putra  , Nurhaliza
Published: April 2024

The experimental research method is an approach used to examine the effect of certain treatments on other variables under controlled conditions. In experiments, researchers manipulate a stimulus or treatment, then observe its impact on the variable under study. This research discusses experimental design and its purpose, including ANOVA and factorial experimental psychology research designs. Experimental design allows researchers to test hypotheses with well-defined steps before conducting experiments. There are several types of experimental designs, including pre-experimental, true experimental, factorial experimental, and quasi-experimental. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is a statistical method for comparing the means of several groups of data with respect to their variances. Factorial design involves the simultaneous manipulation of several factors to study the effect on the dependent variable. This study describes the characteristics, objectives, and types of factorial designs as well as their advantages and disadvantages. The experimental design and statistical analysis used help researchers understand and analyze data more comprehensively and objectively
Political Ethics In Franz Magnis Suseno View And Relevance With The Indonesian Context
Authors: Aji Wahyu Trisno , Ansori Zakaria
Published: April 2024

This research aims to investigate the central role of political ethics in the views of Franz Magnis Suseno in shaping the identity and welfare of Indonesian society. Political ethics is considered a vital code of behavior to direct the attitudes and behavior of state administrators and political elites so that they are in line with the vision, mission and goals of state power. Without the presence of political ethics, justice, prosperity and the highest happiness of society are difficult to realize. This research uses a contextual-interpretative approach to describe and interpret data as text, linking real situations with theoretical meaning. The method used is literature study with a focus on the work of Franz Magnis Suseno as a primary source. Data sources involve books. The research results show that political ethics plays a crucial role in shaping the identity and welfare of Indonesian society. The concept of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika is the basis for uniting people in diversity, with the hope that they will be able to respect differences and build unity. Mutual respect in diversity is considered a basic ethical basis for Indonesian citizens. The main focus is to achieve community welfare by encouraging political participation to improve living conditions together. Political ethics, as a moral guideline, is recognized as crucial in facing political challenges and corruption in Indonesia. Pancasila values are considered the main guide to achieving the goals of social justice and prosperity. Franz Magnis Suseno's ideas about political ethics and the importance of Pancasila Moral Education (PMP) are a strong foundation for building a just, democratic and socially just society, in line with the principles of Pancasila as Indonesia's national identity.
The Effect of Motivation, Communication and Work Stress on Employee Job Satisfaction of Pt. Mitra Pangan Nusantara, Jakarta
Authors: Bandarulloh Nur , Esomar Maria Josefa Fabiana
Published: April 2024

Employees are human beings with ways of thinking, feelings, and willingness that outwardly affect behavior towards work, which includes Motivation, Communication and Stress. In a company, the most concerned thing is employee job satisfaction, this is with the aim of increasing the productivity of the performance that has been provided through employees to the company. The samples used are Random Sampling as many as 150 respondents. Thus, the population used is 110 respondents who come from all employees working at PT. Mitra Pangan Nusantara. Data obtained from questionnaires distributed to employees using testing techniques using the Application SPSS version 25. The results were obtained that the Motivation Variable had a significant and partially positive influence on Employee Job Satisfaction. Furthermore, the Communication Variable has a negative and significant effect on Employee Job Satisfaction. Employee Job Satisfaction is positively and partly influenced by the Work Stress variable. Each of the independent variables of Communication Motivation, and Work Stress all have a positive and large influence on the dependent variables of worker satisfaction at the same time. The influence of the three variables of Motivation, Communication, and Work Stress on the Employee Job Satisfaction variable was 43.6%. Furthermore, the other 56.4% were influenced by factors outside the study.
The Evaluation of Marine Sponge–Associated Bacteria Microcapsule to Control Vibriosis in the Shrimp Culture
Authors: Sarjito Sarjito , Amalia Rosa , Sabdaningsih Aninditia
Published: April 2024

The most frequent disease on vannamei shrimp is caused by Vibrio sp. bacterial infection. Vibrio sp. might cause a serious production loss in the shrimp culture, leading to larvae and mature stadium mortality at 50%. To date, vibriosis disease has yet to be controlled properly. Therefore, sponge-associated bacteria are used as an alternative to control vibriosis disease in shrimp. To maintain and protect the potential bacteria from unfavorable environmental influence, combining the ability of sponge-associated bacteria and encapsulation technology is necessary. This research aimed to evaluate the viability, shelf life, anti-vibrio activity, and structure characteristics under Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) of Bacillus spp. microencapsulation using alginate, chitosan, as well as Arabic gum. The method of viability test used Total Plate Count (TPC) and to reconfirm the antibacterial test was conducted using plug agar method. The result indicates that the B. altitudinis PH.1 coated with chitosan show the highest viability at 1.8x108 CFU/ml after 14 days preserved in -20C. The moisture content of this treatment revealed 17% as the highest than the other treatment, therefore the predicted shelf life for chitosan coated reach 9.1 years. Furthermore, the antivibrio of B. altitudinis PH.1 show the strong activity with clear zone inhibition at 16.07 mm against Vibrio alginolyticus. The structure of B. altitudinis PH.1 under SEM observation was irregular shape and size. Therefore, this study found that chitosan could be an alternative source to preserve a potential bacterium using microencapsulation technology.
Measuring the level of awareness of youth using cosmetic nutritional supplements in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ragab Islam , Alsulmi Manar Abdulrhman , Ahmed Waheeba Elfaki
Published: April 2024

This study was conducted to measure the community's awareness in terms of the good use of cosmetic nutritional supplements. The most interactive response questionnaire was conducted and it was found that a large percentage of the community, equal to 83%, uses cosmetic supplements, especially the middle age group (bachelor’s degree). The common reason for their use was lack of nutrients but there is a category of 36% that consumed them for cosmetic reasons (beauty of hair, nails, skin etc.). Most supplements consume iron, and it is often taken for the cause of hair and skin loss. A rate of 73%, used the supplement after conducting laboratory analyzes, and this indicates that there is progress in awareness of the use of supplements, but based on these results, awareness programs must be conducted about the pattern and how to consume cosmetic nutritional supplements in a good way, in which sufficient use is made among individuals. 58% of people used the supplement based on a medical prescription, and this is considered an indicator of a rise in community awareness at the present time. As nutritionists, our role is to raise community awareness and disseminate correct information that guides them to the right path.
Menganalisis Pentingnya Batasan Serta Nilai-Nilai Etika Yang Mendasari Larangan-Larangan Dalam Berihdad
Authors: Juairiah
Published: April 2024

This research examines the importance of values ​​and ethical prohibitions when carrying out ihdad when her husband dies, such as mourning, decorating, wearing perfume, dressing in bright colors from a hadith perspective. The purpose of this research is to find out how the hadith regulates ihdad which has implications for society to make it a source of law in carrying out ihdad. This research uses empirical research methods, using data collection techniques, namely literature studies which examine literature reviews, journals and hadiths which examine the prohibitions on performing ihdad. This research can be concluded that ihdad is a person's treatment during the iddah period to refrain from making decorations, wearing perfume, and staying at home. As a feeling of sorrow for the disaster in the form of the death of her husband.
Keywords: Hadith, Prohibitions, Ihdad
 
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini mengkaji pentingnya nilai-nilai dan etika larangan-larangan Ketika berihdad ditinggal mati oleh suaminya, seperti masa berduka, berhias, memakai wangi-wangian, berpakaian dengan menggunakan warna yang cerah dalam perspektif hadis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana hadis mengatur ihdad yang diimplikasikan kepada Masyarakat untuk menjadikan salah satu sumber hukum dalam menjalankan ihdad. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian empiris, dengan menggunakan Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu studi Pustaka yang menelaah liteatur review, jurnal dan hadist yang menelaah tentang larangan-larangan dalam berihdad. Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ihdad merupakan perlakuan seseorang ketika masa iddah sedang berlangsung untuk menahan diri tidak berhias, memakai wewangian, dan berdiam ditempat tinggal. Sebagai rasa berduka atas terjadinya musibah berupa kematian suami.
Kata kunci: Hadits, Larangan-Larangan, Ihdad
Islam Nusantara (Sebuah Konsep Pendidikan Beragama Secara Moderat)
Authors: Rahmat Sholihin  , Amelia Rahmaniah
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The issue of Islam Nusantara has become a new discourse for Muslims in Indonesia, a new offer in the concept of moderate religious education. Various groups have spoken out in response to this issue. Initially raised by NU clerics, it was responded to variously by Indonesian Muslims. Within NU itself there is debate, as well as among Muhammadiyah. The identity of "Islam" will be more grounded when added with the word "Nusantara" for those who support it. Meanwhile, those who reject the argument argue that the sacredness of the name "Islam" does not need to be given the addition of "Nusantara" because it will lead to different perspectives. Such an addition is considered taboo and inappropriate because it will obscure its original identity. The objectives of this research are: To find out the conception of "Islam Nusantara" in the perception of Urang Banjar, as well as their attitude towards Islam Nusantara, both those who accept (pro) and those who reject (con) the term. And to try to find an affirmative solution to the various issues about Islam Nusantara that have developed among the Banjar people. Although there have been many writings on the theme of Islam Nusantara, no one has researched and discussed it in Banjarmasin and its surrounding areas. Therefore, this paper becomes interesting when global issues are viewed in terms of the locality of Banjar culture.
 
Keywords: Islam Nusantara, Religious Education, Moderate
Abstrak
Isu Islam  Nusantara menjadi  wacana  baru  bagi  umat Islam di Indonesia, sebuah tawaran baru dalam konsep pendidikan beragama secara moderat. Beragam kalangan  bersuara  dalam menanggapi persoalan ini. Awalnya dilontarkan oleh Ulama NU, namun ditanggapi beragam oleh umat Islam Indonesia. Di tubuh NU sendiri terjadi perdebatan, begitu juga di kalangan Muhammadiyah. Identitas “Islam” akan lebih membumi ketika ditambah dengan kata “Nusantara” bagi yang mendukung. Sementara bagi yang menolak berargumen bahwa kesakralan nama “Islam” tidak perlu diberi tambahan “Nusantara” karena akan menimbulkan perspektif yang berbeda. Tambahan seperti itu dianggap tabu dan tidak pantas karena akan mengaburkan identitas aslinya. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: untuk mengetahui konsepsi “Islam Nusantara” dalam persepsi Urang Banjar, serta sikap mereka terhadap Islam Nusantara, baik yang menerima (pro) maupun yang menolak (kontra) terhadap istilah tersebut. Dan berupaya menemukan solusi kompirmatif terhadap berbagai isu tentang Islam Nusantara yang berkembang di kalangan masyarakat Banjar. Meskipun sudah banyak tulisan yang bertema Islam Nusantara, tapi untuk wilayah Banjarmasin dan sekitarnya masih belum ada yang meneliti dan membahas tentang hal tersebut. Oleh karena itu, tulisan ini menjadi menarik ketika isu global dilihat dari segi lokalitas budaya Banjar.
 
Kata kunci: Islam Nusantara, Pendidikan Beragama, Moderat
Upaya Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran PAI di SDN Dermo 1 Bangil
Authors: Prasnanda Muhammad Feri , Yusuf Achmad
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study aims to explain the efforts to increase student learning motivation in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) subjects at SDN Dermo 1 Bangil. This research uses a qualitative approach. Data and sources consist of (1) Primary data in the form of in-depth interviews with PAI teachers (2) Secondary data in the form of various sources such as books, journals, documents, and previous studies relevant to this research. Data collection techniques are in-depth interviews and analysis using thematic. The results of this study indicate that the efforts made by PAI teachers in increasing student learning motivation in PAI subjects at SDN Dermo 1 Bangil include the application of interactive learning methods, the use of interesting learning media, increasing social interaction in the classroom, and providing constructive feedback to students. Factors such as the role of the teacher, learning environment, and intrinsic and extrinsic motivation also have a significant influence on student learning motivation in PAI subjects. This study provides a deeper understanding of effective efforts in increasing students' learning motivation in PAI subjects and can make an important contribution to improving the quality of PAI learning at SDN Dermo 1 Bangil.
Keywords: Motivation to Learn, Students, PAI
 
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan upaya meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) Di SDN Dermo 1 Bangil. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Data dan sumber terdiri dari (1) Data Primer berupa wawancara mendalam dengan guru PAI (2) Data Sekunder berupa berbagai sumber seperti buku, jurnal, dokumen, dan studi sebelumnya yang relevan dengan penelitian ini. Teknik pengumpulan data yakni wawancara mendalam dan analisis dengan menggunakan tematik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa upaya-upaya yang dilakukan oleh guru PAI dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran PAI di SDN Dermo 1 Bangil meliputi penerapan metode pembelajaran yang interaktif, penggunaan media pembelajaran yang menarik, peningkatan interaksi sosial dalam kelas, dan pemberian umpan balik yang konstruktif kepada siswa. Faktor-faktor seperti peran guru, lingkungan belajar, dan motivasi intrinsik dan ekstrinsik juga memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap motivasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran PAI. Penelitian ini memberikan pemahaman yang lebih dalam tentang upaya yang efektif dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran PAI dan dapat memberikan sumbangan penting bagi peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran PAI di SDN Dermo 1 Bangil.
Kata Kunci: Motivasi Belajar, Siswa, PAI.
Praktik Akuntabilitas dalam Perspektif Tri Hita Kirana: Studi Etnografi di Pura Pitamaha Palangkaraya
Authors: Angelia Novita Mayasari , Wibowo Agus Satrya , Sudharma Nyoman , Dawiyah Baitul
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
This study aims to explore the practice of financial reporting accountability in Pura Pitamaha, Palangka Raya City based on the tri hita karana perspective. The ethnographic approach with triangulation techniques is used to explore the accounting in social interactions. The results show that vertical accountability and horizontal accountability have been carried out in the practice of financial reporting accountability. This is evident from the existence of financial reporting which states accountability in accordance with generally accepted accounting standards. However, the presentation of financial statements is still not in accordance with PSAK Number 45. Furthermore, based on the tri hita karana, accountability can be interpreted as vertical accountability, namely the relationship between humans and God (parahyangan). Meanwhile, horizontal accountability is defined as the relationship between humans and humans (pawongan) and the relationship between humans and the environment (palemahan).
Keywords: Accountability, Ethnography, Tri Hita Karana
 
ABSTRAK
Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi praktik akuntabilitas laporan keuangan di Pura Pitamaha Palangka Raya berdasarkan perspektif tri hita karana. Pendekatan etnografi dengan tehnik triangulasi digunakan untuk menggali kehidupan akuntansi di dalam interaksi sosial kemasyarakatan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa akuntabilitas vertikal dan akuntabilitas horisontal telah dijalankan dalam praktik akuntabilitas laporan keuangan. Hal ini tampak dengan adanya pelaporan keuangan yang menyatakan adanya pertanggungjawaban yang sesuai dengan standar akuntansi yang berlaku umum. Namun demikian, penyajian laporan keuangan masih belum sesuai dengan PSAK Nomor 45. Selanjutnya, berdasarkan tri hita karana bahwa akuntabilitas dapat dimaknai sebagai akuntabilitas vertikal yaitu hubungan manusia dengan Tuhan (parahyangan). Sedangkan akuntabilitas horisontal dimaknai dari hubungan manusia dengan manusia (pawongan) dan hubungan manusia dengan alam lingkungan (palemahan).
Kata Kunci:  Akuntabilitas, Etnografi, Tri Hita Karana