bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
When theory and practice meet: Avenues for entrepreneurship education in music conservatories
Authors: de Reizabal Margarita Lorenzo , Benito Gómez Manuel
Published: May 2020

In the field of higher music education conservatories, and more specifically in the so-called ‘classical music’, the first steps towards research regarding entrepreneurship are being taken, although the main obstacles to overcome are still at a conceptual level (to define what is entrepreneurship in this field, what the profile of a musician entrepreneur is, what exactly is understood when we talk about an entrepreneurial identity referred to Western classical music) and on a referential level (research is scarce on the professional identity of classical musicians, on motivation that leads to professional success, on employability of a musician in the 21st century). At the same time, thought and analysis are lacking on how music education addresses entrepreneurial spirit and how conservatories for higher education in Western classical music could provide their students with the necessary capacities to become professional entrepreneurial musicians. This article aims to explore the state of entrepreneurship of classical musicians and analyse what challenges and barriers are found in particular in this subfield. In order to clarify the key concepts, the most relevant and recent literature in entrepreneurship education has been reviewed. Searching for avenues for entrepreneurship education in music conservatories, theory and practice have been merged by applying the literature findings to some practical considerations raised at the International Conference on Music Entrepreneurship recently held in The Hague, together with the personal experience in the specific context of higher music education conservatories.
Christology From Below: Methodological Issues, Global Trends, and Contextual Proposals
Authors: Shirik Sochanngam
Published: May 2020

Christians, from Jerusalem to Jakarta and from the 1st to the 21st century, worship the same Jesus. However, the way that Jesus has been depicted throughout history and throughout different cultures has not been monolithic. The reason for discontinuity can be varied. One reason beneath the different descriptions of Jesus inhabits the issue of methodology. By “methodology,” I mean the ways people make sense of Jesus and present him to others. Generally, there are two main approaches to the study of Christology: “from below” and “from above”. This article explores the concept of Christology “from below,” examining its historical development, assessing its theological assumptions, and investigating its contextual applications in the global context to cultivate some biblical principles for ongoing contextual theological conversations.
Song of Songs as political satire and emotional refuge: Subverting Solomon’s gilded regime
Authors: Spencer F Scott
Published: May 2020

This article proposes a viable reading of Song of Songs as historicized allegory and political satire. In this view, the Song co-opts royal imagery from Solomon’s past golden age to elevate the consummate value of an ordinary ‘country’ couple’s exuberant, mutual love as a model for flourishing, postexilic life. Put another way, this love ‘anthem’ extols ‘emotional refuge’ from exploitative monarchical rule, domestic or foreign. The argument is grounded in close analysis of Song 1-3 and 8.11-12 interlaced with biblical legal, historical, and prophetic critiques of Solomonic pride and greed, and informed by theoretical frameworks on politics, music, and emotion.
Appropriateness of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Screening With Ultrasound: Potential Cost Savings With Guideline Adherence and Review of Prior Imaging
Authors: Murray Matthew , Costa Andreu F.
Published: May 2020

Objective:

To assess the appropriateness of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) screening with ultrasound (US) and potential cost savings by adhering to guidelines and reviewing prior imaging.

Methods:

Screening aortic US performed in Nova Scotia from January 1 to April 30, 2019, were reviewed. Patient sex, age, risk factors, and study result (negative, <2.5 cm; ectatic, 2.5-2.9 cm; positive for AAA, ≥3 cm) were recorded. Previous imaging tests were reviewed for the presence/absence of aortic ectasia or aneurysm. Appropriateness was based on the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care (CTFPHC) and the Canadian Society of Vascular Surgery (CSVS) guidelines. The number of potentially averted US, subsequent missed positive findings, and cost savings (over the 4-month period) were calculated according to: 1) each guideline; and 2) each guideline combined with review of imaging done 0 to 5 years and 0 to 10 years previously.

Results:

There were 17 (4.6%) of 369 ectatic aortas and 18 (4.9%) of 369 AAAs. The number of potentially averted examinations, missed ectatic aortas, missed AAAs, and cost savings were as follows, respectively: CTFPHC, 222 (60.2%) of 369, 8, 7, and CAD$20 501.70; CSVS, 117 (31.7%) of 369, 4, 2, and CAD$10 804.95. The model that would yield the greatest cost savings and fewest missed positive findings was the combination of CSVS guidelines with review of prior imaging within 5 years; this would avert 189 (51.2%) of 369 examinations, save CAD$17 454.15 over 4 months, and miss only 2 AAAs and 2 ectatic aortas.

Conclusion:

Over half of aortic US screening tests can be safely averted by adhering to CSVS guidelines and reviewing imaging performed within 5 years.
Trade Union Power Resources within the Supply Chain: Marketisation, Marginalisation, Mobilisation
Authors: Mendonça Pedro , Adăscăliței Dragoș
Published: May 2020

This article examines how pressures stemming from the structure and dynamics of supply chains shape employment relations at the workplace level. Using qualitative data from two organisational case studies operating within the same supply chain, it highlights that supply chains can constrain or enhance trade unions’ capacity to organise and mobilise. Supply chain rationalisation is found to be a key determinant in the reconfiguration of labour and labour process with significant consequences for working conditions. However, trade unions can also use supply chain structures to effectively mobilise and defend the interests of their constituents. The article finds that trade union effectiveness develops against the articulation of an agenda that goes beyond the workplace and transcends organisational boundaries. In particular, strategies that rely on building coalitions and lobbying different actors across the supply chain are found to be effective and contribute to better working conditions.
Path tracking framework synthesizing robust model predictive control and stability control for autonomous vehicle
Authors: Yu Jiaxing , Pei Xiaofei , Guo Xuexun , Lin JianGuo , Zhu Maolin
Published: May 2020

This paper proposes a framework for path tracking under additive disturbance when a vehicle travels at high speed or on low-friction road. A decoupling control strategy is adopted, which is made up of robust model predictive control and the stability control combining preview G-vectoring control and direct yaw moment control. A vehicle-road model is adopted for robust model predictive control, and a robust positively invariant set calculated online ensures state constraints in the presence of disturbances. Preview G-vectoring control in stability control generates deceleration and acceleration based on lateral jerk, later acceleration, and curvature at preview point when a vehicle travels through a cornering. Direct yaw moment control with additional activating conditions provides an external yaw moment to stabilize lateral motion and enhances tracking performance. A comparative analysis of stability performance of stability control is presented in simulations, and furthermore, many disturbances are considered, such as varying wind, road friction, and bounded state disturbances from motion planning and decision making. Simulation results show that the stability control combining preview G-vectoring control and direct yaw moment control with additional activating conditions not only guarantees lateral stability but also improves tracking performance, and robust model predictive control endows the overall control system with robustness.
Increased circulating tumor DNA as a noninvasive biomarker of early treatment response in patients with metastatic ovarian carcinoma: A pilot study
Authors: Alves Mariana Cartaxo , Fonseca Fernando Luiz Affonso , Yamada Alayne Magalhães Trindade Domingues , Barros Lílian Arruda do Rego , Lopes André , Silva Luana Carolina Ferreira Fiuza , Luz Ariana Sales , Melo Cruz Felipe José Silva , Del Giglio Auro
Published: May 2020

Detection of circulating tumor DNA is a new noninvasive technique with potential roles in diagnostic, follow-up, and prognostic evaluation of patients with many types of solid tumors. We aimed to evaluate the role of circulating tumor DNA in the setting of metastatic ovarian carcinoma. A prospective cohort of patients with metastatic ovarian cancer who were referred to systemic therapy was enrolled. Blood samples were collected before the start of treatment and monthly thereafter for 6 months. Circulating tumor DNA was quantified by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction of different lengths of Arthrobacter luteus elements as described by Umetani et al. A total of 11 patients were included, 2 for primary disease and 9 for recurrent disease. After the first cycle of chemotherapy, patients whose circulating tumor DNA levels increased from baseline were more likely to respond to chemotherapy than those whose circulating tumor DNA levels did not increase (p = 0.035). Furthermore, patients whose circulating tumor DNA levels rose after the first cycle of chemotherapy also had improved disease-free survival compared to those whose circulating tumor DNA levels did not increase (p = 0.0074). We conclude that the increase in circulating tumor DNA values collected in peripheral blood after the first cycle of systemic treatment in patients with advanced ovarian cancer is associated with an early response to systemic treatment and correlates with superior disease-free survival in this population. Circulating tumor DNA might be a specific, noninvasive, and cost-effective new biomarker of early response to systemic treatment in these patients.
Developments in accounting and treasury functions in public educational institutions in the Municipality of Medellín, Colombia, since 1976
Authors: Quintero Dora P.
Published: May 2020

This article examines the official educational institutions in the Municipality of Medellín, focusing on their accounting and budget management and observing their normative development from 1976 to June 2018. The importance of this study lies in clarifying the role that accounting plays in improving the administration of public resources because accounting is adaptable to the educational context. This study concludes that the accounting system in educational establishments has significantly improved as regards administrative and accounting autonomy, thereby impacting the quality and performance of educational services. In summary, a link between accounting and education becomes evident in this historical review. Therefore, the role of state control and monitoring agencies is crucial.
Retreat Intervention Effectiveness for Female Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse
Authors: Ward Kaitlin P. , Wood David S. , Young Troy M.
Published: May 2020

Purpose:

Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is a widespread issue that can have detrimental effects on adult well-being. As demand for CSA treatment is high, it is important for clinicians to understand what forms of interventions are effective.

Method:

This quasi-experimental study examined the effectiveness of a 4-day retreat intervention for 986 adult female CSA survivors. Multilevel growth curve modeling was used to analyze treatment group effects, and paired-sample t tests were used for the wait-list group.

Results:

The intervention significantly reduced post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms (Cohen’s d = 0.69) and increased life satisfaction (Cohen’s d = 0.98), social support (Cohen’s d = 0.20), and coping self-efficacy (Cohen’s d = 1.14); these changes were maintained 1-year postintervention. The wait-list group did not report statistically significant changes across time.

Discussion:

Findings suggest retreat interventions may be a promising form of CSA treatment and encourage more empirical work on retreat interventions across diverse samples and settings.
Stumbling Into Adulthood: Learning From Depression While Growing Up
Authors: Grob Rachel , Schlesinger Mark , Wise Meg , Pandhi Nancy
Published: May 2020

Depression manifests in distinct ways across the life course. Recent research emphasizes how depression impedes development during emerging adulthood. However, our study—based on 40 interviews with emerging adults from multiple regions in the United States, analyzed following grounded theory—suggests a more complex narrative. Increasing experience with cycles of depression can also catalyze (a) mature perspectives and coping mechanisms that protect against depression’s lowest lows; (b) deeper self-knowledge and direction, which in turn promoted a coherent personal identity; and (c) emergence of a life purpose, which fostered attainment of adult roles, skill development, greater life satisfaction, and enriched identity. Our synthesis reveals how depression during emerging adulthood can function at once as toxin, potential antidote, and nutritional supplement fostering healthy development. Our central finding that young adults adapt to rather than recover from depression can also enrich resilience theory, and inform both social discourse and clinical practice.
The Effect of the Transtheoretical Model Based Walking Exercise Training and Follow-Up on Improving Exercise Behavior and Metabolic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Kaplan Serin Emine , Citlik Saritas Seyhan
Published: May 2020

This study aims to determine the effects of transtheoretical model-based walking exercise training and follow-up on improving exercise behavior and metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. This randomized controlled trial was conducted as a pre-test and post-test experimental model with 76 intervention and 76 control individuals. The intervention group received the transtheoretical model-based exercise training. Data were collected using patient identification form, transtheoretical model scales, pedometer and metabolic outcomes. Data were analyzed by Chi square, two-way ANOVA, Mauchly’s, Greenhouse-Geisser, Friedman, and McNamer test. The overall score means for the exercise change processes, decision-making balance and self-efficacy scales increased compared to the pre-test ( p < .001). The mean HDL increased from 41.39 ± 10.35 to 49.18 ± 11.58, and average number of steps per day increased from 3264.31 ± 1933.03 to 5639.37 ± 2317.01. Consequently, this difference between the groups was significant ( p < .05).
Socioeconomic status and visual outcome in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Levinger Nadav , Beykin Gala , Grunin Michelle , Almeida Diego , Levy Jaime , Levine Hagai , Averbukh Edward , Chowers Itay
Published: May 2020

Purpose

Visual outcome in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration is variable. We aimed to evaluate for association between socioeconomic status visual acuity in neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Methods

A retrospective single-center study of a consecutive group of neovascular age-related macular degeneration patients was performed. Socioeconomic status was determined for each patient based on the 2008 Israeli census. Medical information was extracted from medical records and included visual acuity and optical coherence tomography parameters. Associations between socioeconomic status and clinical outcomes were analyzed.

Results

A total of 233 patients were included in the analysis. A correlation was found between low baseline visual acuity of the first eye diagnosed with neovascular age-related macular degeneration and low socioeconomic status (r = −0.13, p = 0.049; n = 233). The difference between the visual acuity of the lowest and the highest socioeconomic status categories at baseline was approximately 3 ETDRS lines (p = 0.048). Socioeconomic status and baseline visual acuity of the second eye of the same individual with neovascular age-related macular degeneration were not correlated (r = −0.05, p = 0.95). Socioeconomic status was not associated with the number of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections of the first or second eye, or the visual acuity outcome of the first or second eye after 1 year of therapy (p = 0.421, p = 0.9, respectively). Central subfield thickness of the first eye at presentation as measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography was associated with socioeconomic status (r = −0.31 p = 0.001).

Conclusion

Individuals of lower socioeconomic status presented at more advanced stage of the disease when developing neovascular age-related macular degeneration in the first eye but not in the second eye. The research underscores the importance of improving referral patterns and awareness for the lowest socioeconomic status classes.
Allostatic Load Indices With Cholesterol and Triglycerides Predict Disease and Mortality Risk in Zoo-Housed Western Lowland Gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)
Authors: Edes Ashley N , Edwards Katie L , Wolfe Barbara A , Brown Janine L , Crews Douglas E
Published: May 2020

Allostatic load, or the physiological dysregulation accumulated due to senescence and stress, is an established predictor of human morbidity and mortality and has been proposed as a tool for monitoring health and welfare in captive wildlife. It is estimated by combining biomarkers from multiple somatic systems into allostatic load indices (ALIs), providing a score representing overall physiological dysregulation. Such ALIs have been shown to predict disease and mortality risk in western lowland gorillas. In these prior analyses, we were unable to include lipid markers, a potential limitation as they are key biomarkers in human models. Recently, we were able to assay serum cholesterol and triglycerides and add them to our previous ALI. We then re-examined associations with health outcomes using binomial generalized linear models. We constructed ALIs using 2 pooling strategies and 2 methods. By itself, a 1-unit increase in allostatic load was associated with higher odds of all-cause morbidity and mortality, but results were mixed for cardiac disease. However, the best fit models for all-cause morbidity and cardiac disease included only age and sex. Allostatic load was retained alongside age in the best fit models for mortality, with a 1-unit increase associated with 23% to 45% higher odds of death. Compared with previous results, ALIs containing cholesterol and triglycerides better predict disease risk in zoo-housed western lowland gorillas, as evidenced by larger effect sizes for some models and better goodness of fit for all ALIs. Based on these results, we address methodology for future allostatic load research on wildlife.
Documenting conversion: Framings of female converts to Islam in British and Swiss documentaries
Authors: Spoliar Lucy , van den Brandt Nella
Published: May 2020

In response to the phenomenon of women converting to Islam, a body of research has emerged, engaging with the question, ‘Why are Western women, raised in liberal contexts, converting to Islam?’ This line of enquiry is not limited to academic literature. In recent years, converts to Islam have faced intense scrutiny in mainstream media across Europe. This article contributes an analysis of documentaries to the study of representations of female converts to Islam, focusing particularly on the British documentary Make Me a Muslim (2014) and the Swiss documentary Les Converties d’Allah (2017). We suggest that comparing these two documentaries illuminates certain common narrative threads in media representations of female converts to Islam across different European contexts. In this article, we firstly situate this research within existing literature on gender and conversion to Islam and outline our approach to the study of documentaries on women’s conversion to Islam. Secondly, we analyse the two documentaries, focusing on their shared concerns, namely gender equality and women’s oppression, and the familial environment of the female convert. We argue that paying attention to how female converts are represented illuminates some of the ways in which European framings of the ‘in-betweenness’ of female converts to Islam create notions of female converts as ‘vulnerable-fanatics’ prone to ‘radicalisation’, and threatened by ‘oppressive’ Islam. We demonstrate how female converts participating in documentaries at times complicate and talk back to apprehensions regarding equality, oppression and radicalisation. Finally, we focus in a similar way on understandings of female converts as ‘troublemakers’ within their family environments. Throughout the analysis, we show how the figure of the female convert as vulnerable-fanatic and as family troublemaker is gendered and interlaced with concerns about essentialised cultural difference and radicalisation.
Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for multiple sclerosis: A current perspective
Authors: Bose Gauruv , Thebault Simon , Rush Carolina A , Atkins Harold L , Freedman Mark S
Published: May 2020

The most effective treatment at halting inflammation in patients with highly active multiple sclerosis (MS) is immune ablation followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT). Better patient selection and supportive management, as well as advances in conditioning regimens have resulted in improved safety with AHSCT. However, which comorbidities or prior therapies increase the risks associated with AHSCT still need to be determined. In addition, there is still debate as to which AHSCT conditioning regimen offers the best balance of long-term efficacy and safety. New studies comparing AHSCT with highly effective disease-modifying therapies will help to inform on the ideal placement of AHSCT in the treatment algorithm. Currently, many centers are experienced and use AHSCT to treat select patients with MS, contributing to ongoing registries and clinical trials which will help answer these questions.
Laser power and scanning speed influence on the microstructure, hardness, and slurry erosion performance of Colmonoy-5 claddings
Authors: Savanth T , Singh Jastej , Gill JS
Published: May 2020

A 4kW Yb: YAG solid-state disc laser, with a four-way co-axial cladding head with powder feeding technique was employed to fabricate single-layer clads of Ni-based hardfacing alloy (Colmonoy-5) on medium carbon steel (ASME SA105) substrate by varying the laser processing parameters namely, beam power level (designated as low: 1200 W, medium: 1400 W, and high: 1600 W) and scanning speed (designated as low: 300 mm/min, medium: 400 mm/min, and high: 500mm/min). The laser clads were evaluated for their microstructural characteristics, microhardness, and slurry erosive wear performance with an aim to understand the effect of process parametric variations on their properties. Microstructural analyses of the clads were carried out using an optical microscope and a field-emission scanning electron microscope with attached energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer supplemented by their Vickers microhardness testing and X-ray diffraction examination. The variation in laser processing parameters exerted a strong influence on the microstructural features of the clads in terms of γ-Ni dendrite size as well as morphology and distribution of various complex precipitates such as Cr-carbides and borides with relatively uniform distribution observed for the clads corresponding to low laser power and high scanning speed. The variation in laser power had relatively a greater influence on microhardness than the scanning speed variation. Micro-cutting, plastic deformation, crater formation besides ploughing away of the softer matrix were the typical fracture features associated with slurry eroded clads when examined under field-emission scanning electron microscope. Results of the slurry erosive wear tests showed that the clads pertaining to low laser power and high scanning speed exhibited superior wear resistance as compared to their counterparts.
Observing Juvenile Courtrooms: Testing the Implementation of Guidelines on Child-Friendly Justice in Spain
Authors: Fernández-Molina Esther , Bermejo María , Baz Olalla
Published: May 2020

In 2010, the Council of Europe adopted Guidelines on child-friendly Justice. This means, inter alia, developing an accessible justice system and focusing on respecting children’s rights to participate in and to understand proceedings. This research was conducted to establish the implementation of child-friendly justice through 129 observations in the courtrooms of two Spanish juvenile courts. The findings show that attempts have been made to comply with European standards, especially by judges who have implemented the required adaptations and encouraged the participation of children. However, the infrastructure does not appear to be the most appropriate, and questionable practices have been identified.
A nurse-led intervention to promote physical activity in sedentary older adults with cardiovascular risk factors: a randomized clinical trial (STEP-IT-UP study)
Authors: Chudowolska-Kiełkowska Magdalena , Małek Łukasz A
Published: May 2020

Background

Regular physical activity should constitute the essence of treatment in patients with cardiovascular risk factors. We sought to determine the benefits of nurse-led intervention to promote physical activity in sedentary older adults in a primary care setting.

Methods

A group of 199 sedentary older adults (mean age 62.7±6.9, 34.2% male) with at least one more cardiovascular risk factor were randomized 1:1 to receive a nurse-led tutorial on lifestyle modification, including pedometer hand-out – with a daily goal of at least 7000 steps – and supporting phone calls (study group), or without a goal or calls (control group). Body weight (BW), resting heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP), total cholesterol (TC) and glucose were assessed at baseline and after 3 months.

Results

Subjects in the study group ( n = 86) achieved higher daily step count in comparison to the control group ( n = 78), 10,648±3098 vs. 3589±2000, p < 0.0001. The study group presented an improvement in all analysed parameters but glucose, including BW (−2.5±1.9 kg), SBP and DBP (−7.9±7.6 mmHg and −6.2±6.5 mmHg) and TC (−14.7±30.4 mg%), all p < 0.0001. In the control group, all parameters increased or remained unchanged. An inverse correlation between the daily step count and delta of the analysed parameters ( r = −0.26 to −0.72, p < 0.001) was found.

Conclusion

Nurse-led intervention with pedometer, goal setting and supporting phone calls is an effective way to promote physical activity in sedentary older adults and leads to improvement of cardiovascular risk factors within 3 months.
Location of Reentry Tears Affects False Lumen Thrombosis in Aortic Dissection Following TEVAR
Authors: Armour Chlöe Harriet , Menichini Claudia , Milinis Kristijonas , Gibbs Richard G. J. , Xu Xiao Yun
Published: May 2020

Purpose: To report a study that assesses the influence of the distance between the distal end of a thoracic stent-graft and the first reentry tear (SG-FRT) on the progression of false lumen (FL) thrombosis in patients who underwent thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). Materials and Methods: Three patient-specific geometrical models were reconstructed from postoperative computed tomography scans. Two additional models were created by artificially changing the SG-FRT distance in patients 1 and 2. In all 5 models, computational fluid dynamics simulations coupled with thrombus formation modeling were performed at physiological flow conditions. Predicted FL thrombosis was compared to follow-up scans. Results: There was reduced false lumen flow and low time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS) in patients with large SG-FRT distances. Predicted thrombus formation and growth were consistent with follow-up scans for all patients. Reducing the SG-FRT distance by 30 mm in patient 1 increased the flow and time-averaged wall shear stress in the upper abdominal FL, reducing the thrombus volume by 9.6%. Increasing the SG-FRT distance in patient 2 resulted in faster thoracic thrombosis and increased total thrombus volume. Conclusion: The location of reentry tears can influence the progression of FL thrombosis following TEVAR. The more distal the reentry tear in the aorta the more likely it is that FL thrombosis will occur. Hence, the distal landing zone of the stent-graft should be chosen carefully to ensure a sufficient SG-FRT distance.
The mechanical and ultraviolet aging properties of needle-punched nonwoven geotextiles made with recycled fibers
Authors: Tan Wei , Fu Fan , Wang Fei-Fei , Li Yuanyuan , Wang Ping , Zhang Diantang
Published: May 2020

There are more and more waste textiles in modern times while the recycling efficiency is relatively low. In order to increase the recycling of waste textiles, this paper proposes a kind of low-cost, environmental protection, good permeability, tough and anti-aging substrate geotextile which can replace the riparian soil to support normal growth of plants. First of all, the fiber web was formed by waste fibers (polyester 78 wt%, cotton 20 wt%, others 2 wt%) after carding and reinforcing with different needling parameters. The comprehensive properties of designed nonwoven geotextiles were estimated via a series of tests such as tensile, bursting, air permeability, morphology, thermal stability and porosity. Moreover, the ultraviolet-aging tests were also conducted with both an accelerating aging box and natural aging methods to assess the possibility of outdoor-usage as plant blanket. The comprehensive assessment of results has shown that the optimum processing parameter was the needle depth of 12 mm combined with the needling frequency of 700 times/min. The ultraviolet-aging results have revealed that manufactured geotextiles have comparatively good anti-aging performance, which is suitable for long-term exposure outside. This result of this research provides a feasible and convenient application field for recycled textiles.
Neuroprotective Effect of Activated Protein C on Blood–Brain Barrier Injury During Focal Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion
Authors: Wang Jinqiao , Rao Gaofeng , Ma Yifan , Zhang Jingjing , Shen Jingjing , Shi Chaohong
Published: May 2020

Although the effect of activated protein C (APC) on neuronal injury and neuroinflammatory responses has been extensively studied, the detailed mechanism underlying APC-protective effect in the blood–brain barrier (BBB) injury during ischemia is still not clear. In this study, the APC effect against neuroinflammatory responses was evaluated in the model of right middle cerebral artery occlusion in male Sprague-Dawley rats with 2 hours of ischemia and 22 hours of reperfusion. The results showed that APC can significantly improve the neurological function scoring and reduce the infarct volume and BBB permeability. Moreover, the expression of protein nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), both in cytoplasm and nuclei, was reduced. The downstream of NF-κB activation, including tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β secretion, was inhibited. In all, APC exerts a neuroprotective effect in focal cerebral ischemia–reperfusion in rats by inhibiting the activation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB. It may indicate a therapeutic approach for ischemic brain injury.
School Bullying Through Graphic Vignettes: Developing a New Arts-Based Method to Study a Sensitive Topic
Authors: Khanolainen Daria , Semenova Elena
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study was to develop a new arts-based measure assessing school bullying and to test it within a pilot study involving 19 schoolchildren (mean age = 15.4; range = 1.00). The researchers designed the new methodological tool (referred to as graphic vignettes) as a set of incomplete comic strips, which participants were asked to complete in a creative way. Researchers then invited participants to engage in follow-up interviews using completed comic strips as individualized interview prompts. The authors detail the design and administration of the graphic vignettes and discuss their efficacy, limitations, and potential applications. The researchers argue that studies on sensitive topics can benefit from a wider dissemination of this arts-based research method. They also assert that the use of creatively co-constructed interview prompts individualizes participant–researcher interactions, placing the power in the hands of participants. The article aims to inspire further development of graphic vignettes.
A systematic review and meta-synthesis of policy intervention characteristics that influence the implementation of government-directed policy in the hospital setting: implications for infection prevention and control
Authors: Havers Sally M , Kate Martin Elizabeth , Wilson Andrew , Hall Lisa
Published: May 2020

Background:

Government-directed policy plays an important role in the regulation and supervision of healthcare quality. Effective implementation of these policies has the potential to significantly improve clinical practice and patient outcomes, including the prevention of healthcare-associated infections. A systematic review of research describing the implementation of government-directed policy in the hospital setting was performed with the aim to identify policy intervention characteristics that influence implementation.

Methods:

A systematic search of four electronic databases was undertaken to identify eligible articles published between 2007 and 2017. Studies were included if published in the English language and described the implementation of government-directed policy in a high-income country hospital setting. Data on policy and implementation were extracted for each article and interpretive syntheses performed.

Results:

A total of 925 articles were retrieved and titles and abstracts reviewed, with 69 articles included after review of abstract and full text. Qualitative synthesis of implementation data showed three overarching themes related to intervention characteristics associated with implementation: clarity; infrastructure; and alignment.

Conclusion:

Better understanding and consideration of policy intervention characteristics during development and planning will facilitate more effective implementation although research describing implementation of government-directed policy in the hospital setting is limited and of variable quality. The findings of this study provide guidance to staff tasked with the development or implementation of government-directed policy in the hospital setting, infection prevention and control professionals seeking to maximise the impact of policy on practice and improve patient outcomes.
Exploring the Co-operative Form’s Potential in Crowdfunding: A Non-monetary Perspective
Authors: Talonen Antti , Pasanen Jarna , Ruuskanen Olli-Pekka
Published: May 2020

Technology-driven change has generated new, even revolutionary business models, characterized by high levels of user participation. In the finance field, business models based on crowdfunding have seen significant growth and entered use as an alternative means of extending access and gaining financing for various types of projects. Nonetheless, current crowdfunding practices have been subject to criticism for issues such as information asymmetry, lack of trust and transaction costs, spurring discussion of how to develop and improve these practices. One way of speaking to the criticism has been a suggestion that platforms could be owned by the ones who use them. While the associated way of thinking, referred to as platform co-operativism, has seen some inroads in practice, its novel and practical nature means that a clear knowledge gap remains with regard to its potential for dealing with challenges of platform economy. Consequently, the aim of this study is to examine the relevance and potential of the co-operative company form for crowdfunding arrangements. Our conceptual study utilizes existing research on co-operatives and considers features of crowdfunding from three different perspectives: asymmetry of information and of trust, interaction frequency and homogeneity of interests. As a result, we provide three taxonomies for outlining future research on co-operative platforms.
“Like Upgrading From a Typewriter to a Computer”: Registered Reports in Education Research
Authors: Reich Justin , Gehlbach Hunter , Albers Casper J.
Published: May 2020

Registered reports engender a review process in which reviewers evaluate the merits of the research question rather than the magnitude or direction of the results. In this process, authors first submit introduction, methods, and prespecified analyses sections of an article. Next, an initial peer-review process assesses the merits of the research question, in the absence of knowing the results. Worthy articles are granted an “in-principle acceptance.” The authors, then conduct their study, analyze their data, write up the remainder of their article, and resubmit it. The in-principle acceptance means that if the authors adhere to the research design as originally submitted, then the article will be accepted. Building from seven of the earliest registered reports in education research, our introduction describes the benefits, opportunities, and challenges of registered reports as a means to increasing transparency in research and reducing the number of illusory results.
Validating activity, time, and space diversity as essential components of urban vitality
Authors: Kang Chaogui , Fan Dongwan , Jiao Hongzan
Published: May 2020

Urbanization’s rapid progress presents an urgent challenge for developing a predictive, quantitative theory of “the death and life of cities” (a.k.a. “the essential diversity conditions for the urban built environment”). Despite the importance of activity diversity (i.e. serving different primary functions), existing works ignored that time diversity (i.e. attracting people at different times of the day) and space diversity (i.e. attracting people from different districts) also play important roles in promoting urban life in large cities. With assistance of human mobility and crowdsourcing data, this article thoroughly validates whether activity, time, and space diversity are essential and inseparable components of urban vitality in the Wuhan, China context. To achieve the goal, point of interest (POI) data are utilized to quantitatively measure activity diversity, human mobility data are adopted for building quantitative metrics of time diversity and space diversity, and a detailed urban perception map is crowdsourced as ground truth data for establishing a regression model between urban diversity indicators and urban vitality. The resultant regression model succeeds to decouple the relationship between population concentration, activity diversity, time diversity, space diversity, and urban vitality. It confirms that activity diversity together with time diversity and space diversity has stronger association with urban vitality than any single diversity indicator. Our contributions are threefold: (a) we provided a comprehensive collection of metrics for measuring urban diversity, (b) we confirmed that activity, time, and space diversity are essential components of urban vitality, and (c) our methodology can be replicated at scale to understand urban vitality under various geographic, societal, and economic contexts due to easy accessibility of similar datasets.
Tetrahedrite-(Hg), a new ‘old’ member of the tetrahedrite group
Authors: Biagioni Cristian , Sejkora Jiří , Musetti Silvia , Velebil Dalibor , Pasero Marco
Published: May 2020

Tetrahedrite-(Hg), Cu6(Cu4Hg2)Sb4S13, has been approved as a new mineral species using samples from Buca della Vena mine (hereafter BdV), Italy, Jedová hora (Jh), Czech Republic and Rožňava (R), Slovakia. It occurs as anhedral grains or as tetrahedral crystals, black in colour, with metallic lustre. At BdV it is associated with cinnabar and chalcostibite in dolomite veins. At Jh, tetrahedrite-(Hg) is associated with baryte and chalcopyrite in quartz–siderite–dolomite veins; at R it is associated with quartz in siderite–quartz veins. Tetrahedrite-(Hg) is isotropic, greyish-white in colour, with creamy tints. Minimum and maximum reflectance data for Commission on Ore Mineralogy wavelengths in air (BdV sample), R in %) are 32.5 at 420 nm; 32.9 at 546 nm; 33.2 at 589 nm; and 30.9 at 650 nm. Chemical formulae of the samples studied, recalculated on the basis of 4 (As + Sb + Bi) atoms per formula unit, are: (Cu9.44Ag0.07)Σ9.51(Hg1.64Zn0.36Fe0.06)Σ2.06Sb4(S12.69Se0.01)Σ12.70 (BdV), Cu9.69(Hg1.75Fe0.25Zn0.06)Σ2.06(Sb3.94As0.06)S12.87 (Jh) and (Cu9.76Ag0.04) Σ9.80(Hg1.83Fe0.15Zn0.10)Σ2.08(Sb3.17As0.58Bi0.25)S13.01 (R). Tetrahedrite-(Hg) is cubic, I$\overline 4 $3m, with a = 10.5057(8) Å, V = 1159.5(3) Å3 and Z = 2 (BdV). Unit-cell parameters for the other two samples are a = 10.4939(1) Å and V = 1155.61(5) Å3 (Jh) and a = 10.4725(1) Å and V = 1148.55(6) Å3 (R). The crystal structure of tetrahedrite-(Hg) has been refined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction data to a final R1 = 0.019 on the basis of 335 reflections with Fo > 4σ(Fo) and 20 refined parameters. Tetrahedrite-(Hg) is isotypic with other members of the tetrahedrite group. Mercury is hosted at the tetrahedrally coordinated M(1) site, along with minor Zn and Fe. The occurrence of Hg at this position agrees both with the relatively large M(1)–S(1) bond distance (2.393 Å) and the refined site scattering. Previous occurrences of Hg-rich tetrahedrite and tetrahedrite-(Hg) are reviewed, and its relations with other Hg sulfosalts are discussed.
Experimental investigation of the humidity effect on wood discoloration by selected mold and stain fungi for a proper conservation of wooden cultural heritages
Authors: Kim Min-Ji , Choi Yong-Seok , Oh Jeong-Joo , Kim Gyu-Hyeok
Published: May 2020

Unfinished interior wood members in wooden cultural heritages undergo severe discoloration by fungal attack during the summer rainy season. The prevention of fungal discoloration is crucial in the conservation of wooden cultural heritages. It is important to investigate discoloration properties of major mold and stain fungi under different relative humidity conditions to prevent discoloration damage. Among the 54 ascomycetes isolated from wooden cultural heritages in Korea, Aureobasidium pullulans, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Coniochaeta velutina, and Graphiopsis chlorocephala were selected as test fungi because of their particularly strong discoloration intensity on wood. For each fungal species, the minimum relative humidity and exposure period for discoloration were investigated. It was found that A. pullulans and Cl. cladosporioides started to grow and discolor at 75% relative humidity within 3 weeks to 4 weeks, and Co. velutina and G. chlorocephala grew and discolored at relative humidity values greater than 95%. Therefore, the prevention of fungal discoloration of interior wood members by A. pullulans and Cl. cladosporioides for the proper conservation of wooden cultural heritages can be achieved by maintaining an indoor relative humidity of 75% or less during the summer rainy season.
Direct and indirect costs of cluster headache: a prospective analysis in a tertiary level headache centre
Authors: Negro Andrea , Sciattella Paolo , Spuntarelli Valerio , Martelletti Paolo , Mennini Francesco Saverio
Published: May 2020

Background

Cluster headache (CH) is the most frequent trigemino-autonomic cephalgia. CH can manifest as episodic (ECH) or chronic cluster headache (CCH) causing significant burden of disease and requiring attack therapy and prophylactic treatment. The few data available on the economic burden of CH come from retrospective studies based on questionnaires, population surveys and medical insurance claims database. Although all these studies showed an important economic burden, they provided different estimates depending on variability of CH awareness and management, healthcare systems, available therapies and use of treatments according to different guidelines.

Methods

This prospective study aimed to quantify the total direct and indirect cost of ECH and CCH over a cluster period, both for the patient and for the National Health System (NHS), using data from subjects who consecutively attended an Italian tertiary headache centre between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2018.

Results

A total 108 patients (89 ECH, 19 CCH) were included. Mean attack frequency was 2.3 ± 1.4 per day. Mean total cost of a CH bout was €4398 per patient and total cost of CCH was 5.4 times higher than ECH (€13,350 vs. €2487, p <  0.001). Direct costs represented the 72.1% of total cost and were covered for the 94.8% by the NHS. The costs for any item of expense were higher for CCH than for ECH (p <  0.001). Mean indirect costs for a CH bout were €1226 per patient and were higher for CCH compared to ECH (€3.538 vs. €732), but the difference was not significant. Days with reduced productive capacity impacted for the 64.6% of the total indirect costs. The analysis of the impact CH on work showed that 27%% of patients felt that CH had limited their career, 40% had changed their work pattern, 20% had changed their place of employment and 10% had lost a job due to the disease.

Conclusion

Our results provide a valuable estimate of the direct and indirect costs of ECH and CCH in the specific setting of a tertiary headache centre and confirm the high economic impact of CH on both the NHS and patients.