bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes and clinical significance of serum MMP-9, TIMP-1, COX-2, and immune levels in patients with asthma
Authors: Ming Hong , Huang Youming , Mao Jinjuan , Wang Hui , Gao Xiufeng , Li Zhidian
Published: November 2023

Objective: To detect serum metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and T helper cells 1–T helper cells 2 (Th1–Th2) levels in asthma patients and assess their clinical significance.
Methods: A total of 72 patients experiencing acute asthma (acute group), 66 stable asthma patients (stable group), and 60 healthy volunteers (control group) were included in this study. The levels of TIMP-1, COX-2, and Th1–Th2 in patients with acute asthma were measured following treatment with budesonide aerosol inhalation. In addition, the levels of MMP-9, TIMP-1, COX-2 and Th1–Th2 were compared in patients with different severity of acute asthma before and after treatment.
Results: The serum levels of MMP-9, TIMP-1, and COX-2 showed an increasing trend in the control, stable, and acute groups, while levels of Th1–Th2 showed a sequential decreasing trend, and the differences were statistically significant. Comparison of lung function indexes among the three groups of patients established a negative correlation between serum MMP-9 and its forced vital capacity% predicted (FEV%pred), TIMP-1, and COX-2, and FEV%pred and forced expiratory volume in 1 s–forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) levels, but a positive correlation between Th1–Th2 and FEV1/FVC levels in the acute group. A significant difference was observed on comparing the levels of serum MMP-9, TIMP-1, COX-2, and Th1–Th2 in patients with different conditions in the acute group. Specifically, as the condition worsened, a significant increase in serum MMP-9, TIMP-1, and COX-2 levels but a significant decrease in Th1–Th2 levels was observed. After treatment, we observed a significant decrease in serum MMP-9, TIMP-1, and COX-2 levels but a significant increase in Th1–Th2 levels in the acute group.
Conclusion: The serum levels of MMP-9, TIMP-1, COX-2, and Th1–Th2 are valuable indicators reflecting the condition of asthma patients and could be considered promising clinical monitoring indicators.
Adapting, Understanding, and Thriving
Authors: Ghetti Claire
Published: November 2023

This is an editorial about the articles included in the November 2023 issue.
Психодиагностика риска расстройств аутистического спектра у детей 3–4 лет
Authors: Наследов Андрей , Мирошников Сергей , Ткачева Любовь , Защиринская Оксана , Ульд Семета Мериам
Published: November 2023

В монографии представлены процедура и результаты разработки скрининговых шкал для выявления риска аутизма у детей 3–4 лет. В первой главе изложен многолетний опыт изучения детей с расстройством аутистического спектра (РАС). Cобственные эмпирические исследования авторов направлены на выявление диагностических критериев дифференциальной диагностики. Применялись методы математического моделирования на обширной выборке обследованных – 828 детей, из них 294 ребенка с клиническим диагнозом «РАС». Авторами разработана и психометрически обоснована короткая «Шкала аутизма». Приведены методические материалы по ее применению и тестовые нормы, обеспечивающие корректность интерпретации результатов диагностики. В монографию включены оригинальные идеи авторов в рамках реализации научно-исследовательского проекта «Исследование прогнозных индикаторов расстройств аутистического спектра у детей в возрасте 3-4 лет» (проект РФФИ № 20-013-00312А). Издание адресовано преподавателям вузов, научным сотрудникам, студентам высшей школы и послевузовского образования, специалистам, работающим в области специальной (коррекционной), педагогической и социальной психологии, дефектологии, образования и здравоохранения.
Actual features of ensuring the economic security of food industry enterprises
Authors: Dubrovskaya Anna , Rogulin Yuriy
Published: November 2023

The purpose of the work was to consider the actual features of ensuring the economic security of food industry enterprises on the example of KDV LLC. The author described aspects that relate to the essence of the economic security of an enterprise as a basic category of analysis. The work considered three approaches to determining the security of an economic entity, while highlighting the most complex of them, which later began to be used as a base one. The author identified the levels of economic security of the enterprise, which are divided into 6 levels (proprietary, senior management, organizational structure, personnel policy and personnel motivation systems, building business processes, current financial and economic activities, analysis and control of financial and economic activities). A special place in the work is occupied by the study of the key components of the economic security of the enterprise, among which are: financial; personnel; technical and technological; fire department; legal; informational; ecological. The author noted the need to determine the system of indicators of economic security of the enterprise, which includes the following types of indicators of economic security: question; questionnaire; tabular; mathematical; graphic matrix; portfolio. After studying the theoretical aspects, the author conducted an analysis of the economic security of the food industry enterprise KDV LLC. With the help of open information sources, a characteristic of the selected economic entity was compiled. Thanks to the extensive methodological base for studying economic security indicators, the most important indicators applicable to assessing security in the food industry have been identified. In addition, a SWOT analysis was carried out by KDV LLC for a more comprehensive study of possible and existing risks.
Increasing the energy efficiency of an indirect refrigeration system through automation
Authors: Turgaev Sayar , Turgaeva Aksana , Voronin Ilya
Published: November 2023

In this publication, the authors explore in detail ways to improve the energy efficiency of the refrigeration system with an intermediate coolant. After all, cold systems are systems that are used to cool and preserve food in factories, shops and homes. Their efficiency directly affects the safety of products, as well as saving energy and resources. Automation is one of the methods to increase the energy efficiency of a cooling system. This technology can help to manage the processes of the system in automatic mode, which reduces the human factor and increases the accuracy of control. Automation can help identify possible problems and malfunctions in the refrigeration system, which reduces equipment downtime. Automation is not the only way to increase the energy efficiency of a refrigeration system. Optimizing heat transfer can also greatly improve system performance. This method aims to reduce heat loss and improve heat exchange, which helps to reduce the energy consumption of the system. Also, the installation of energy-saving devices and the use of environmentally friendly refrigerants can greatly improve the efficiency of the system. The authors draw attention to the importance of developing individual solutions for each cooling system, which take into account its specifics and features. Such solutions may include not only automation, but also other methods for optimizing the operation of the system. Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that in order to improve the energy efficiency of the refrigeration system, it is necessary to use an integrated approach, which includes automation, heat exchange optimization, installation of
energy-saving devices, the use of environmentally friendly refrigerants, as well as the development of individual solutions for each particular refrigeration system.
Schematic selection for an intermediate coolant system
Authors: Turgaeva Aksana , Turgaev Sayar , Zemtsova Margarita
Published: November 2023

In this article, the authors consider in detail the issue of choosing the most appropriate circuit design for a system with an intermediate coolant. Refrigerants play an important role in industrial systems and processes; their selection is a complex task that requires special attention. The article explores many system design options, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each, allowing the reader to better understand which solution may be most suitable for his particular task. The introduction of an automation system provides, in addition to protective functions, the ability to monitor and control the operation of a refrigeration system with an intermediate coolant. Optimization of technological parameters of the system operation (management of temperature differences in heat exchange equipment, maintenance of optimal temperature values, control and management of the speed of the coolant) makes it possible to increase the energy efficiency of the system with an intermediate coolant. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of technical characteristics and parameters that may affect the choice of the optimal scheme. The authors also consider the issues of economic efficiency and reliability of the chosen solution, which is an important factor for most enterprises. In addition, the article discusses the theoretical aspects related to the choice of the optimal solution. The physical laws that underlie the operation of the system are considered, as well as important technical characteristics, such as temperature, pressure, flow rate, and others. The authors offer practical recommendations for choosing the optimal circuit design for a system with an intermediate coolant. These recommendations are based on experience in the field and may be useful to those involved in the design and operation of refrigerant systems
Domestic tourism as a driver of socio-economic development of the Samara region
Authors: Polyanskova Natalia , Koklyushkin Vitaly
Published: November 2023

The article examines promising areas of tourism as a driver of socio-economic development, identified on the basis of an analysis of the preferences of consumers of tourist services in the Samara region. The relevance of the study is confirmed by the growing demand for domestic tourism destinations, both intraregional and in Russia as a whole. Samara region is included in the «Golden Twenty» of the National Tourism Rating of the regions of the Russian Federation, has a developed infrastructure, significant natural, historical and cultural potential for tourism development.
The authors note that tourism is a strategic priority of the socio-economic development of the Samara region and Russia as a whole, identify promising types of tourist services in the region.
The article presents the results of studying the preferences of consumers of the tourism sector in order to identify popular types of tourism in the Samara region, aimed at sustainable socio-economic development and satisfaction of tourist requests of visitors in relevant areas, as well as increasing the level of investment activity in the region. The key needs of users of tourist services of the Samara region are identified and compared with the existing tourist potential of the region.
It is noted that the basis for the development of the tourism industry in the region are all-season events for the balanced development of existing types of tourism: fishing and hunting, cultural and educational, active ecotourism, creative tourism.
The authors of the study emphasize that the future of tourism in the Samara region is connected with the development of domestic tourism, the growing demand for tourist interregional routes of active recreation, the formation of a culture of eco-tourism, obtaining authentic experience of communicating with local residents and their way of life, immersion in the culture, traditions and language of the place.
Relationship between organizational culture and school performance. A study in elementary, middle and high school institutions
Authors: Gonzáles Cardona José A. , Naranjo Valencia Julia , Calderón Hernández Gregorio
Published: November 2023

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the impact of organizational culture, cultural types, and cultural strength on school effectiveness, as the literature has demonstrated that social processes within schools influence academic outcomes. Prior research highlights the significance of culture in school effectiveness. However, this topic has not been extensively explored, necessitating a closer examination of various organizational cultures and the strength of these cultures. Method: These relationships were investigated using the population of schools in the Colombian coffee region. A total of 698 instructors, along with school boards from 25 educational institutions at the primary, middle, and high school levels, were involved. A regression analysis was conducted to test the hypotheses. Results: The findings suggest that organizational culture and cultural strength have a significant influence on school effectiveness, with the levels of cultural strength corresponding to the levels of school effectiveness. However, no evidence was found of differences in impact based on cultural typology. Clan and hierarchical cultures, which have an internal orientation and are the most prevalent in Colombian organizations, exhibited a greater number of positive and significant relationships. Conclusions: School boards should familiarize themselves with the norms, values, and customs prevalent in educational institutions, particularly those that align most closely with their objectives. This can lead to improvements in school effectiveness and, consequently, educational quality.
Etnografía del Amanita muscaria en las Américas
Authors: Samorini Giorgio
Published: November 2023

Objetivo: recopilar y analizar el conjunto de datos etnográficos sobre el uso tradicional entre las poblaciones americanas del hongo embriagante Amanita muscaria. Metodología: durante la adquisición de los datos se realiza una cuidadosa evaluación, realizando críticas y correcciones donde se considera que los datos estaban presentados de manera inadecuada desde el punto de vista metodológico. Otro tipo de datos que se tienen en cuenta son los nombres populares que recibe este hongo y sus etimologías. También se analizan las causas que han provocado un proceso cultural de “mortalización” del A. muscaria, de modo que entre muchos grupos étnicos, tanto americanos como del Viejo Mundo, este hongo ahora se considera mortalmente venenoso. Resultados. El uso tradicional de A. muscaria como fuente embriagante se ha conservado hoy entre algunos grupos étnicos de América del Norte (Ahnishinaubeg, Ajumawi, Wixaritari), y los fines de uso son principalmente religiosos y chamánico-terapéuticos. Las etimologías de los nombres populares revelan una gama de asociaciones semánticas similares a las encontradas en el Viejo Mundo, y dan testimonio de un conocimiento de las propiedades embriagantes de este hongo que se conservó hasta épocas muy recientes en algunos grupos nativos de Mesoamérica. La presencia de este hongo en América del Sur parece deberse a la reciente actividad de reforestación antrópica, y esto explicaría la falta de documentos arqueológicos, históricos y etnográficos para esta región. Conclusión: los datos aquí recogidos hacen sospechar una mayor difusión del conocimiento de las propiedades embriagantes del A. muscaria entre los nativos norteamericanos y mesoamericanos en épocas pasadas; conocimientos olvidados o transmitidos en secreto aún hoy, tras la centenaria represión colonial contra los cultos nativos, incluido el uso de fuentes embriagantes.
Effects of Goat Breed Improvement Program on Climate Change Resilience Among Smallholder Farmers in Semi-Arid Zimbabwe
Authors: Bvirwa W. , Musara J.P. , Nyamushamba G.B.
Published: November 2023

The goat breeding improvement program played a crucial role in addressing the challenges of climate change vulnerability among the smallholder farmers of climate change-vulnerable communities in Gokwe North district, Zimbabwe. Using cross-sectional data from 217 small-scale farmers in four randomly selected wards in the Gokwe North district of Zimbabwe, the study examined the effect of the program on households’ climate change adaptation capabilities using proxy variables including food security, asset acquisition, access to affordable credit, and enhanced business management competencies. Primary data were collected using questionnaires. Results show that there were gains in credit access, asset base improvements, food security and income. The evaluation established an excellent potential for sustainability or continued flow of benefits beyond the program’s lifetime, given the institutional capacity building implemented under the program. There were impacts regarding the program accruing positive changes in well-being, improved livelihoods, and community adaptation even in the face of climate change and an ever-changing economic policy environment. Gokwe North District can be further transformed, given the level of commercialisation of the goat project among the participating members of the community, if extension support is provided in a way that suits the farmers’ capacities to learn.
The Effect of Psychological Capital and Self-Leadership on Work Engagement among Agricultural Extension Advisors
Authors: Green K. , Van Zyl E.
Published: November 2023

Work engagement is considered a significant construct within organisations and the field of industrial psychology. Focus within organisations has shifted to recognise more positive psychological constructs such as self-leadership and psychological capital to promote employees’ work engagement. The present study investigated the effect of psychological capital and self-leadership on the work engagement levels of agricultural extension advisors within South Africa. The study was motivated by the lack of research within agricultural extension on positive psychological constructs such as work engagement, self-leadership, and psychological capital, which could impact the agricultural sector. A quantitative research method was used to gather data using three scales. A total of 103 viable questionnaires were obtained. A Pearson product-moment correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used to address the objective. Both psychological capital and self-leadership were found to have a significant positive correlation to work engagement. In addition, hope, optimism, and behaviour-focused strategies were found to have the, most significant contribution toward the work engagement levels of agricultural extension advisors. Within agricultural extension, the above study provided information on how to foster and improve the work engagement levels of their employees using strategies of psychological capital and work engagement.
Morphometric Measurements of Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Somogy County, Hungary
Authors: Csányi Erika , Sándor Bence , Sándor Gyula
Published: November 2023

The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) has the widest natural distribution of any terrestrial carnivore. Sexual dimorphism in this species is well known and is frequently observed in body and skull measurements. Morphological analysis is essential because the skull and body morphologies reflect many population/individual characteristics, genetic distances, environmental effects, and growth-affecting factors. Our study presents the first comprehensive analysis of red fox body and skull morphometry in Hungary. We performed morphometric measurements on 200 red foxes at two developmental stages, juvenile and adult, of different sexes, male and female, from Somogy County, Hungary, between January 2021 and January 2022. Statistical tests showed significant differences in all seven body measurements (body weight, total body length, tail length, head length, wither height, hind leg (left) length, and neck circumference of adult red foxes between the sexes, being significantly lower in the case of females than males. Significant differences were also found between the sexes in adult red fox skull measurements (total skull length, zygomatic width, and mandible length). In the case of juvenile red foxes, not all body dimensions differed significantly between the sexes (body weight, head length, and neck circumference did not differ significantly). We also found significant differences between the sexes in skull dimensions, except for zygomatic width. Regarding significant differences, the values for females were lower than those for males. Concerning the red foxes in Hungary, we found evidence of sexual dimorphism in all body and skull measurements in adult red foxes, which were larger in males, but not in all of the dimensions in juveniles.
Holística da engenharia com geossintéticos na busca pelo desenvolvimento sustentável: Agenda 2030 e indicadores de cidades e comunidades sustentáveis
Authors: Guimarães Mag Geisielly Alves , Urashima Denise de Carvalho
Published: November 2023

As discussões históricas sobre a emergente adoção de práticas de desenvolvimento sustentável vêm ao encontro as constantes necessidades dos seres humanos em transformar a superfície terrestre em condições habitáveis. Contudo, isto têm ocorrido em velocidades extremas e com inúmeros impactos socioambientais que se refletem em eventos climáticos extremos e eminentes escassezes de água e alimentos. A engenharia civil é uma das maiores indústrias indutoras de crescimentos econômicos e sociais e, para tanto, requer a adoção de projetos com vieses ao desenvolvimento sustentável. Neste contexto, a engenharia com geossintéticos possibilita inúmeras obras civil, geotécnica e ambiental com viabilidades técnicas, econômicas e socioambientais defronte a emergente busca pelo desenvolvimento sustentável a atual e futuras gerações. O artigo apresenta discussões sobre seis aplicabilidades da engenharia com geossintéticos em sintonia com os objetivos do desenvolvimento sustentável globais expressos na Agenda 2030 e aos indicadores normativos de cidades e comunidades sustentáveis. As aplicações exemplificadas atendem a 47% dos principais eixos temáticos de indicadores de comunidades sustentáveis, bem como a 53% dos objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentáveis globais, com enfoques macro de proteção ao planeta. Dentre os indicadores normativos, os eixos temáticos meio ambiente e mudanças climáticas e de resíduos sólidos são os que mais apresentam relações diretas aos projetos com geossintéticos discorridos. A holística da engenharia com geossintéticos agrega em soluções técnicas e sustentáveis acessíveis a toda a população e em harmonia ao meio ambiente.
The Park and the city: analysis of the Ecological Park “Valdemar Salmeirão”, in the city of Birigui/SP
Authors: Zanateli Jéssica Telles , Constantino Norma Regina Truppel
Published: November 2023

Most Brazilian cities have developed disorderly and in little harmony with the natural landscape, especially in the valley bottoms. It is understood that harmonious integration with the environment is the way to the permanence of cities and the well-being of their inhabitants, besides being a way to solve the problems that affect the urban environment. Thus, strategies have been formed in favor of quality urban expansion. The creation of linear parks in valley bottoms (aiming at the integration between people, vegetation, and waterways) is a good intervention that culminates in quality spaces and quality of life in society. However, if these spaces are not used and are not properly maintained, they will not achieve their purpose and tend to be abandoned. This article aims to highlight the relationship between river and city, analyzing the issue of interventions in valley bottoms, having as a case study the Ecological Park "Valdemar Salmeirão" in Birigui-SP, verifying its state and its current appropriation, based on bibliographic, cartographic and photographic surveys that support and illustrate the area in question.
Pre-Service Science Teachers’ Experiences of an Expert-Guided Online Education Project
Authors: KIZKAPAN Oktay , KARACA Melek , EROGLU Seyide
Published: November 2023

There exist different approaches and models in teacher training. Among them, the constructivist approach is widely preferred in many countries. The constructivist approach is commonly embraced for its role in helping educators nurture students who actively investigate, inquire, and exhibit curiosity about the world. In recent years, incidents such as pandemic and natural disasters seriously affect normal life and have led to educational environments becoming online. Thus, the need to adapt constructivist learning approaches to online environments emerged. In line with this need, an online education project was organized to enable pre-service science teachers to gain knowledge, experience and awareness about how constructivist learning approaches can be integrated into distance education environments. This research aimed to reveal the experiences of pre-service science teachers (PSST) regarding the online education project. The research adopted the phenomenology design. Data were collected from 19 PSSTs through semi-structured focus group interviews. The PSSTs’ experiences fell in the following six themes: the perceptions of the teaching profession, the use of constructivist approach in distance education, lesson planning competencies in distance education, technological/pedagogical competencies, (Limited) contribution to subject knowledge and professional and academic career goals. The research findings offer valuable insight regarding the advantages of education project focused on enhancing the lesson planning skills of pre-service science teachers in line with the constructivist approach within distance learning settings. Based on the results, suggestions were made that could shed light on similar educational projects for teachers and teacher candidates from other fields.
IMPAK MEDIA SOSIAL DALAM MEMPENGARUHI PENGGUNAAN GULA
Authors: Jauhari Muhammad Johan Syahid , Mod Asri Norain , Abdullah Al-Hadi Azrina
Published: November 2023

Media sosial kini menjadi platform penting yang efektif dalam penyebaran pelbagai maklumat termasuklah informasi berkaitan kesihatan. Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti impak media sosial dalam mempengaruhi penggunaan gula di kalangan belia sekitar Lembah Klang. Menerusi aplikasi Model Penerimaan Teknologi (TAM) dan kaedah kualitatif (temubual mendalam) yang dianalisis dengan menggunakan NVIVO, empat dapatan diperolehi. Pertama, persepsi kebergunaan menunjukkan kebanyakan informan menggunakan media sosial untuk mencari informasi kesihatan mengenai pengambilan gula terutama yang boleh memberi pengetahuan kepada diri sendiri mengenai penjagaan kesihatan y ang berkait dengan gula. Kedua, menerusi persepsi kemudahan penggunaan, informan berpandangan bahawa media sosial merupakan medium perantaraan yang mudah untuk memperolehi sebarang maklumat terkini berkaitan kesihatan gula. Ketiga, di bawah perubahan tingkah laku, maklumat yang diperolehi dari media sosial mengenai kesihatan gula juga didapati telah mendorong kepada perubahan tingkah laku individu yang positif. Akhir sekali, perubahan tingkah laku tersebut turut mengubah niat pembelian dan penggunaan sebenar produk bergula. Implikasinya dari dapatan dari kajian ini telah membolehkan kepentingan media sosial dalam penyebaran maklumat berkaitan kesihatan terutama sekali penggunaan gula dapat diketahui dengan jelas.
PENGARUH FAKTOR PERSONALITI DAN TEKNOSTRES TEKNOLOGI BERLEBIHAN TERHADAP KEBERKESANAN GAYA KEPIMPINAN TEKNOLOGI
Authors: Saidin Zainil Hanim , Md Harizan Siti Haslina , Mohd Hanip Muhammad Firdaus
Published: November 2023

Kajian terdahulu telah membuktikan kepentingan gaya kepimpinan teknologi terhadap perkembangan organisasi moden. Walau bagaimanapun, kajian yang mengukur kepimpinan daripada pelbagai dimensi tidak menjurus secara khusus kepada gaya kepimpinan teknologi berlandaskan ICT dan secara relatif, kajian mengenainya juga masih kurang serta tidak komprehensif. Sekiranya faktor kemanusiaan individu seperti personaliti dan teknostres berlebihan tidak diuruskan dengan lebih baik, ia akan memberi kesan buruk kepada organisasi seperti kadar pusing ganti pekerja yang tinggi akibat pekerja tidak dapat berkembang seiring dengan kepesatan teknologi. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk melihat dengan lebih terperinci kesan personaliti individu bersama teknostres teknologi berlebihan dan bagaimana kedua-duanya memberi kesan terhadap gaya kepimpinan teknologi. Kajian ini dibuat berpandukan Teori Personaliti Big Five yang mengupas faktor dalaman individu iaitu personaliti dan stres yang didapati memberi kesan kepada kepimpinan khususnya aspek keberkesanan gaya kepimpinan teknologi. Sebanyak 316 set borang soal selidik telah dikumpul daripada para pelajar separuh masa Pusat Pengajian Pendidikan Jarak Jauh, Universiti Sains Malaysia yang juga merupakan pekerja di pelbagai organisasi di seluruh Malaysia. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan kedua-dua pemboleh ubah tidak bersandar iaitu teknostres teknologi berlebihan dan personaliti mempunyai hubungan yang positif dan signifikan dengan gaya kepimpinan teknologi. Kajian ini boleh memberi panduan kepada pemimpin organisasi khususnya dalam mencari titik keseimbangan antara menguruskan manusia dan teknologi melalui pengurusan organisasi yang strategik.
TRANSLATION OF CULTURAL ASPECTS FROM ENGLISH INTO ARABIC: A CASE STUDY OF A DANCE OF THE FORESTS
Authors: Harmoush Doha Hisham , Moindjie Mohamed Abdou , Adi Kasuma Shaidatul Akma
Published: November 2023

Culture is about the mode of life and activity, way of thinking, and artifacts, which are associated with particular communities and the language which serves as a vehicle for meanings. This paper is aimed at describing cultural challenges and their translation procedures from English into Arabic; it also investigates choices of translation procedures that can be used to overcome cultural aspects problems. This study limits itself to cultural factors. It follows Newmark’s approach (1988) on culture translation. The corpus of this study is a play entitled A Dance of The Forests written by Wole Soyinka. The study is a qualitative study and cultural occurrences are analyzed and their translations are rated by raters who are native speakers of Arabic. The research reveals that translating a literary work like a play requires the use of strategies and procedures like domestication and oblique translation procedures, which are found to be vital in translating drama text from English into Arabic.
AN ANALYSIS OF CODE-SWITCHING IN HITZ FM INSTAGRAM COMMENTS
Authors: Ismail Munirah 'Izzati , Abdullah Nor Eleyana
Published: November 2023

The phenomenon of code-switching nowadays used by the multilingual society and online community such as in Malaysia to communicate is often encountered on various social media platforms, including Instagram. Haryanto and Mahendra (2021) posited that code-switching is frequently found on Instagram and usually used by bilingual communities to write captions for photos or videos, and in their comments. However, the research on analysing code-switching on Instagram in Malaysian context is still understudied. Thus, this study aimed to examine the types of Malay-English code-switching expression on Hitz FM Instagram comment, and the reasons for code-switching in social networking websites by employing the framework by Poplack (1980) and Malik (1994) respectively. A thematic analysis was used to classify a one-year data consisting of f 323 Instagram comments into types and reasons for code-switching. The findings revealed the most occured type was intra-sentential (75.85%) followed by tag-switching (17.03%) and inter-sentential (7.12%). Whereas, out of the 10 reasons by Malik (1994), only 8 were found with the most reason was due to lack of competence (41.18%). Therefore, the findings suggest that social media users in a multilingual society frequently code-switch for various reasons when communicating on Instagram. It is hoped that the findings from this study will contribute more insights into the field of linguistics, and benefit future research.
PERSEPSI KAKITANGAN AWAM TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN MEDIA SOSIAL DALAM PENYAMPAIAN BARANG DAN PERKHIDMATAN AWAM
Authors: Said Muhammad Haziq , Mod Asri Norain
Published: November 2023

Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengenalpasti persepsi pekerja atau kakitangan awam terhadap penggunaan media sosial dalam penyampaian barang dan perkhidmatan di sektor awam. Kajian ini mengaplikasikan kaedah kualitatif dengan menggunakan soal selidik yang diedarkan kepada responden dalam kalangan kakitangan (penjawat) awam yang bertugas di kawasan Lembah Klang. Menerusi analisis deskriptif terhadap 331 sampel pekerja sektor awam, dapatan membuktikan kebanyakan pekerja sektor awam menggunakan telefon pintar dalam urusan kerja. Walaupun mereka memiliki lebih daripada satu akaun media sosial, tetapi Whatsapp lebih kerap digunakan dalam urusan kerja. Media sosial juga lebih banyak digunakan untuk tujuan komunikasi dengan rakan sekerja dan ketua. Malah media sosial membolehkan kerja dapat diselesaikan tanpa bersemuka. Manakala barang dan perkhidmatan awam pula turut boleh disampaikan kepada masyarakat tanpa perlu ke lokasi menerusi penggunaan media sosial. Apa yang menarik juga adalah penggunaan media sosial dapat mengurangkan tekanan pekerja dalam membuat kerja dan menjimatkan kos telekomunikasi mahupun pengangkutan. Berpandukan kepada dapatan di atas, jelas sekali bahawa media sosial sesuai digunakan dalam operasi sektor awam termasuklah dalam penyampaian barang awam kepada masyarakat.
FAKTOR KEBERKESANAN BEKERJA DARI RUMAH SEMASA PANDEMIK COVID-19 ATAS PEGAWAI TADBIR & DIPLOMATIK (PTD) DI JABATAN PERKHIDMATAN AWAM
Authors: Mohd Mustafa Mohd Noor Azam , Tahir Zurinah , Aziz Azmi
Published: November 2023

Pandemik COVID-19 meninggalkan impak yang sangat besar kepada manusia, bukan sahaja kepada cara hidup, struktur sosioekonomi, bahkan merubah landskap pengurusan sumber manusia sektor awam serta swasta. Pelbagai langkah telah diambil oleh kerajaan Malaysia termasuklah melaksanakan Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan (PKP) yang mengawal dan menghadkan pergerakan rakyat seperti usulan daripada World Health Organisation (WHO) termasuklah arahan penutupan operasi pejabat kerajaan dan sektor kurang berkepentingan. Seterusnya dasar Bekerja Dari Rumah (BDR) diperkenalkan kepada sektor awam dan swasta. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengenalpasti faktor-faktor keberkesanan BDR semasa pandemik COVID-19 ke atas Pegawai Tadbir Dan Diplomatik (PTD) di Jabatan Perkhidmatan Awam (JPA). Faktor-faktor tertsebut akan dinilai berdasarkan model Teori TAM yang diubahsuai. Pengumpulan data secara kaedah kuantitatif ke atas 187 responden yang terdiri daripada PTD Gred 41-44 di JPA. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa faktor-faktor keberkesanan BDR semasa pandemik ini adalah signifikan dengan semua konstruknya iaitu Sikap Individu, Kelengkapan Teknologi, Pengurusan Masa dan Persekitaran. Namun hanya konstruk Sikap Individu didapati mempunyai hubungkait perbezaan signifikan dengan demografi jantina responden. Ringkasnya, kajian ini menyediakan maklumat tentang aspek yang disifatkan penting oleh majoriti responden dalam mengkaji keberkesanan sesuatu program (BDR). Maka adalah wajar keempat-empat faktor ini dijadikan asas dalam merangka dasar pelaksanan berkaitan BDR pada masa akan datang bagi memastikan kejayaan dan kelestarian program tersebut.
THE IMPACT OF ICT IN EMPOWERING SARAWAK WOMEN IN HOME-BASED BUSINESS COMMUNITIES
Authors: Ibrahim Norizuandi , Bujang Azlina , Hj Bibi Zainon , Sadikin Sarehan , Bujang Noriham , Ambi Siti Hafizah
Published: November 2023

In alignment with the sustainability strategy focusing on good governance, sustainable development, and racial harmony, this study investigates the access, use, and effects of ICT training on women in Sarawak. Its primary objective is to assess how ICT training benefits women in managing small home-based businesses. Data was gathered through questionnaires from 62 participants who attended training sessions in various Sarawak locations: Kota Samarahan, Sri Aman, Sarikei, Kuching, and Bako. This research holds significant importance for the state government, as it strives to increase the number of individuals with ICT skills and narrow the digital divide between urban and rural areas. The study reveals a strong consensus among respondents regarding the positive impact of ICT on empowering women, boosting their self-esteem, enriching their knowledge and skills, benefiting the socio-economic community, and fostering efficient management practices. The findings offer valuable insights into the effectiveness of ICT training for Sarawakian women engaged in home-based businesses. The mean scores for all variables indicate high agreement among respondents, with values exceeding four for each variable. This study underscores the substantial role of ICT in knowledge dissemination and empowering individuals, particularly in advancing gender equality. It suggests that ICT is an invaluable tool for successful training in rural areas and underscores the need for a systematic strategy to enhance ICT literacy.
Zymograms as a Tool to Detect PPIs in Host plants of Antheraea Assamensis
Authors: Mahaswetta Saikia
Published: November 2023

Antheraea assamensis (vernacular: ‘muga’) larvae is commercially reared on two tree species of the Lauraceae family, Persea bombycina and Litsea monopetala for its golden yellow, lustrous cocoon silk. Biochemical and molecular studies suggested that the midgut digestive enzymes and their transcripts in larvae feeding on P. bombycina differ from those found in larvae feeding on L. monopetala indicating that host plant 'choice' affects the digestive physiology of this insect. Ingestion of plant proteinase inhibitors is known to influence expression of digestive enzymes. Using reverse zymography technique trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors were detected in herbivore-induced leaves of L. monopetala and P. bombycina that could inhibit midgut proteinases of A. assamensis. Such interactions may affect proteolytic digestion in larvae reared on different host plant species. This work may have significance in quality of silk produced by muga silkworm, ultimately benefiting the silkworm rearers/industry.
The Effects of Thymosin Alpha-1 on Macrophages: A Cytological and Anti-Inflammatory Study
Authors: Indu Bala  , Navita Gupta  , Pranav Kumar Prabhakar
Published: November 2023

Thymosin alpha 1 (Tα-1) is a naturally occurring substance synthesized by the thymus tissue, known to activate various immune system cells. It has been reported to increase the production of Natural Killer cells, CD4 and CD8 cells, and cytokines such as IL-2, IL-3, and IFNγ. Furthermore, it plays a vital role in regulating immunity, inflammation, and tolerance. Its effect on the immune system is exerted via its modulatory action on innate immune system cells, thereby functioning as an endogenous regulator for both inflammatory and adaptive immune systems. In this study, we sought to evaluate the cytological and anti-inflammatory effects of Tα-1 on RAW 264.7 cells. The cytological effects of Tα-1 were assessed using the MTT assay, with the IC50 value against RAW 264.7 cells determined to be 368.105 ug/ml. The morphological observations made at various concentrations of Tα-1 showed increased cytotoxicity and decreased cell density of RAW 264.7 cells with increasing test concentration. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effects of Tα-1 were evaluated by analyzing the nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells. Treatment with the test items at concentrations ranging from 7.813 to 31.25 ug/ml showed a dose-dependent reduction in NO production compared with the control group. These findings suggest that Tα-1 may have the potential as an anti-inflammatory agent in the treatment of various diseases associated with inflammation.
Association of Time of Trauma and Visit to The Dental Clinic
Authors: K Nirubama. , G Lavanya
Published: November 2023

Dental trauma is injury to the mouth, including teeth, lips, epoxies, lingo, and jawbones. Soft towel injuries to the mouth and dental trauma are generally veritably painful and should admit prompt treatment. It's a single centered retrospective study. Data was collected from the case record system used in private dental institutions and following parameters similar as gender, age of the children with post traumatic history. Case details were analyzed between June 2020 to January 2021 out of which 287 cases who fulfilled the addition and rejection criteria were included in the study. The data obtained was statistically analyzed using SPSS software. In this study, it is observed that time taken by maximum patients was more than 2 months and male children are prone to traumatic injury. Awareness on earlier dental visits with respect to dental trauma and complication of time delay should be improved among general society.
Participation of the Prosecutor in the Consideration of Cases on Economic Disputes by Courts in the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China (modern aspect)
Authors: Otcheskaya T. I.
Published: November 2023

Currently, each state is interested in the development and stable state of its economy. An important role in these matters is played by the supervisory authority of both States — the Prosecutor’s Office. Taking into account the significant role of the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China in the international arena, the author analyzed the genesis of development and the modern aspect of the prosecutor’s participation in the consideration of economic disputes by courts in the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China. At the same time, both the historical aspect of this issue and the current situation in science, theory, and practice are analyzed.
The introspection and Reflection on the Possibility of Illegal Cognition
Authors: Zhao Yunfeng
Published: November 2023

The cognition of illegality is the foundation of responsivism. However the lack of standardization and clearness in the judgment of illegality cognition leads to judicial tension, which can be alleviated by the necessity of prevention. Under the hierarchical criminal system in the Civil Law System, the status of cognition possibility of illegality plays a positive role in the construction of justification, security measures and normative responsibility. In Chinese Four Elements, the possibility of illegal cognition is the element of intent. The cognition of illegality is the expression of condemnable will, which embodies the opposition or contempt to the whole legal order. The distinction between normative elements and factual elements is relative, and judgment shall be made from such dimensions as formal basis, substantive basis and policy basis. The standard of judgment for the two shall also be improved and refined.
Perinatal Stroke: Clinical Pearls and Future Directions
Authors: Mailo Janette , Srivastava Ratika , Rajapakse Thilinie , Y. Yager Jerome
Published: November 2023

Perinatal strokes are disorders of cerebral vasculature occurring in the developing brain between 20 weeks of gestation and 28 days postnatally (Raju, 2007). This review describes specific types of perinatal strokes and includes up-to-date risk factors, clinical presentations, outcomes, and management including expert consensus and controversies. We will conclude with a discussion of new research focused on optimizing the quality of life for children with stroke and their families. Perinatal stroke can present acutely and should be considered for any newborn with unexplained encephalopathy or seizures, particularly those that are focal in nature. Presumed perinatal stroke syndromes present later in infancy with motor and sensory asymmetry. In either case, neuroimaging helps identify a specific perinatal stroke syndrome. Most perinatal stroke survivors experience long-term morbidity, inclusive of cerebral palsy (CP), epilepsy, cognitive and behavioural disabilities, and visual deficits. Significant progress has been made in understanding cerebrovascular injuries of the developing brain and the role of early rehabilitation in recovery. With limited preventative and acute treatment options available, long-term neurorehabilitation continues to be the focus of treatment. Equally important is to recognize the significant psychosocial impact of perinatal stroke on the entire family. Online resources and support systems are increasingly available through national and international pediatric stroke organizations.
THE USE OF SURGICAL SUTURE AS AN IMPLANT PLACEMENT GUIDE – A RETROSPECTIVE OVER VIEW OF OVER TWO DECADES OF IMPLANT THERAPY
Authors: Lanka M. , Glenn M. , Sagrika S. , Tanvi P. , Zara D.
Published: November 2023

In the era of digital dentistry, positioning of implants can by designed with the help of CBCT and CAD CAM. Surgical guide can be made to direct the implant placement in bone. Although various researchers showed the importance of 3D planning but because of chances of errors at various levels of digital protocols may lead to deviations. Even no data is available to confirm the accuracy of GBR with digital workflow. This retrospective analysis of simple suture placement technique in anterior edentulous region will make clinicians to understand the positioning of drills, anatomical variations, directions and placements of implants, need of bone grafting and implant emergence.
Developed/Developing Nations Perspectives about COVID-19 Vaccination: A Narrative Systematic Review
Authors: Campbell Maia , Kandiah Jayanthi , Jones James
Published: November 2023

Background. The global spread of COVID-19 prompted a need for widespread vaccination to slow the transmission of the virus. Despite global, national, and local efforts, many people in various nations hesitated to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Aims. The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize the existing literature addressing factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy. Methods. A literature search was conducted between November 2021 and March 2022. Inclusion criteria were studies identifying causations of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and/or hesitancy since March 2020 in six developed/developing countries, Australia, Brazil, India, Nigeria, Russia, and the United States. Studies that were not originally published in English were excluded. Results. Patterns in the factors influencing both acceptance and hesitancy toward the COVID-19 vaccines emerged. Vaccination acceptance was largely related to individuals’ personal preferences and beliefs regarding immunity, while vaccination hesitancy was attributed to fears and distrust of vaccine safety, side effects, and efficacy. Limitations. Lack of consistency in methodical procedures and text availability by country may limit the generalizability of the findings. Conclusion. In developed/developing nations, emerging data suggest that skepticism surrounding COVID-19 vaccines was the most prevalent factor leading to vaccination hesitancy, while factors including personal protection were largely associated with higher acceptance rates of the COVID-19 vaccine. Because widespread immunization is necessary to slow the transmission of COVID-19, it is important that factors leading to hesitation are addressed in order to increase vaccination rates and achieve herd immunity.