bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mefatinib as first-line treatment of EGFR sensitizing mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer: A phase III efficacy and biomarker study.
Authors: Yu Jia , Zhou Caicun , Kai Wang , Wang Qiming , Niu Hongrui , Zhou Cheng-Zhi , Tian Panwen , Zhuang Wu , Li Jie , Wang Jing , Sun Xu , Yu Bing , Zhu Chaonan , Chen Jianghua , Xu June
Published: July 2024

8546

Background: Mefatinib is an irreversible and highly effective EGFR and HER2 dual inhibitor. Although EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors are standard 1st line therapy for EGFR mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), co-mutations, such as TP53 are associated with shorter PFS of EGFR TKI. Methods: Patients newly diagnosed with EGFR exon 19 deletion (19 del) or exon 21 L858R mutant (L858R), stage IIIB/IV NSCLC were enrolled and randomized at 2:1 ratio to receive mefatinib 60 mg PO QD or gefitinib 250 mg PO QD; The primary endpoint of the study was progression-free survival (PFS) per independent review committee (IRC). Archival tumor samples were analyzed using a 150 genes next-generation sequencing panel for biomarker analysis. Results: 336 eligible patients were assigned to receive mefatinib (n = 223) or gefitinib (n = 113). The median PFS of mefatinib was longer than gefitinib (13.73 vs. 9.66 months, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.68, P= 0.0024) and even longer in L858R subgroup (13.73 vs. 8.28 months, HR = 0.55). The data on overall survival (OS) were immature at the cut-off date ( < 40% events). 288 patients (189 in mefatinib and 99 in gefitinib) had available tumor samples for exploratory biomarker analysis. TP53 mutations were the most common disruptive concurrent alterations (45%). In patients with co-occurring disruptive mutations, mefatinib showed significant improvement in PFS compared to gefininib (12.55 vs 9.56 months, HR = 0.56, P= 0.0005; 12.55 vs 12.39 months, HR = 0.65, P= 0.0753 in 19del; and 13.70 vs 8.28 months, HR = 0.44, P= 0.0004 in L858R); Similarly, OS benefit of mefatinib was observed compared to gefitinib (not reached vs 26.68 months, HR = 0.54, P= 0.0045; not reached vs not reached, HR = 0.75, P= 0.4121 in 19del; and not reached vs 20.01 months, HR = 0.40, P= 0.0006 in L858R). Mefatinib had a favorable safety profile, with only 5.8% of patients experiencing dose reduction and less than 5% discontinuing treatment. Conclusions: Mefatinib is a new frontline option for EGFRmutant NSCLC. Co-occurring disruptive mutations caused decreased therapeutic efficacy of gefitinib, but had minimal impact on the PFS and OS of mefatinib. Comparing to gefitinib, PFS and OS improvements of mefatinib were most pronounced in patients with EGFR L858R mutation, especially those with disruptive co-occurring mutations. EGFR 19del or L858R mutation alone may not be sufficient to inform optimized front line therapies. Further studies are warranted to verify functional concurrent mutations for a better individualized precision medicine. Clinical trial information: CTR20192297.
Treatment Strategies for Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gao Xinyi , Guo Julong , Pan Dikang , Gu Yongquan
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

To compare the safety and efficacy of carotid endarterectomy (CEA), carotid stenting (CAS), and optimal medical therapy (OMT) in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis.

METHODS:

Relevant randomized controlled trials were researched with PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases. Fixed-effects model and random-effects model were used to estimate the relative risks and the hazard ratios (HRs). The results of the probabilistic analysis were reported as surfaces under the cumulative ranking curve.

RESULTS:

Eight randomized controlled trials were included. Data from 10 348 patients (CEA: n = 4758; CAS: n = 3919; OMT: n = 1673) were evaluated. Compared with the previous OMT, CEA, CAS, and the current OMT (c-OMT) were all effective in reducing the risk of stroke (CEA: HR, 0.52; CI, 0.40-0.66; CAS: HR, 0.58; CI, 0.42-0.81; c-OMT: HR, 0.40; CI, 0.15-0.94); CEA and CAS reduced the risk of ipsilateral stroke (CEA: HR, 0.41; CI, 0.28-0.59; CAS: HR, 0.51; CI, 0.31-0.84), and the risk of fatal or disabling stroke (CEA: HR, 0.59; CI, 0.43-0.81; CAS: HR, 0.57; CI, 0.34-0.95). Regarding reducing the risk of stroke, only CEA was statistically significant in patients with any degree of stenosis compared with the previous medical treatment (<80%: HR, 0.48; CI, 0.33%-0.70%; 80%-99%: HR, 0.53; CI, 0.38-0.73).

CONCLUSION:

In the treatment of asymptomatic carotid stenosis, the perioperative outcomes of CAS were similar to that of CEA; CEA, CAS, and c-OMT shared similar long-term outcomes; and CEA and CAS may be more effective in patients with high levels of asymptomatic stenosis.
The Coexistence of Carotico-Clinoid Foramen and Interclinoidal Osseous Bridge: An Anatomo-Radiological Study With Surgical Implications
Authors: Serioli Simona , Plou Pedro , Donato Glaudir , Graepel Stephen , Ajler Pablo , De Bonis Alessandro , Pinheiro-Neto Carlos D. , Leonel Luciano C. P. C. , Peris-Celda Maria
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

The coexistence of complete carotico-clinoid bridge (CCB), an ossification between the anterior (ACP) and the middle clinoid (MCP), and an interclinoidal osseous bridge (ICB), between the ACP and the posterior clinoid (PCP), represents an uncommonly reported anatomic variant. If not adequately recognized, osseous bridges may complicate open or endoscopic surgery, along with the pneumatization of the ACP, especially when performing anterior or middle clinoidectomies.

METHODS:

According to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews guidelines, a systematic scoping review was conducted up to June 5, 2023. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science databases, and additional citations were searched. Two hundred high-resolution noncontrast computed tomography (CT) scans (400 sides) and 41 dry skulls (82 sides) were analyzed to identify the different morphology of sellar bridges, focusing on the coexistence of complete CCF and ICB. Two embalmed latex-injected heads with coexisting CCF and ICB were dissected step-by-step to show the anatomic relationship with the surrounding structures from an endoscopic and microscopic perspective.

RESULTS:

A total of 19 articles were included. The review identified a complete CCF and ICB rate ranging from 4.92% to 6.3%. The analysis of 200 CT scans revealed a rate of coexistence in 4% of the cases, all encountered in White women. Two different types of interclinoid bridges were identified based on the degree of bone mineralization. Both endoscopic and macroscopic step-by-step dissections highlighted variability in morphology and consistency of the sellar bridges and the close relationship with the cavernous sinus neurovascular structures.

CONCLUSION:

The coexistence of CCF and ICB is an anatomic variation found in 4% of cases. Preoperative knowledge of the degree of mineralization and its relationship with surrounding structures is essential to performing safe surgery and minimizing cranial nerve and vascular injuries. Preoperative high-resolution CT scans can adequately identify these anatomic variations.
Temporal Trends in Urinary Diversion among Patients Undergoing Radical Cystectomy Between 1986 and 2022: Experience at the University Medical Center Mainz with 2224 Cases
Authors: Duwe Gregor , Kamal Mohamed M. , Wiesmann Crispin , Banasiewicz Katarzyna E. , Wagner Isabel , Fischer Nikita Dhruva , Haack Maximilian , Frey Lisa Johanna , Mager Rene , Höfner Thomas , Sparwasser Peter , Tsaur Igor , Wiesner Christoph , Thomas Christian , Thüroff Joachim Wolfgang , Hohenfellner Rudolf , Brandt Maximilian Peter , Haferkamp Axel
Published: July 2024

Background

Analysis of temporal trends of urinary diversion (UD) and identification of predictive factors for continent urinary diversion (CUD) in patients with bladder cancer (BC) is scarce and data on large cohorts are missing. We aimed to describe longitudinal temporal trends and predictive factors for UD among patients with BC receiving radical cystectomy (RC).

Patients and Methods

We retrospectively analysed institutional data collected from patients undergoing RC from 1986 to 2022 to describe changes in patients’ characteristics and UD. Primary end points were patients’ characteristics associated with type of UD. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine predictive factors for CUD.

Results

In total, 2224 patients (77.16% male, 22.84% female) with a mean age of 66 years [standard deviation (SD), 10.64 years] were included. We observed an increase in mean age from 59.86 (10.8) years (1986–1990) to 69.85 (9.99) years (2016–2022) (p < 0.001). The proportion of CUD gradually declined from 43.72% (94/215; 1986–1990) to 18.38% (86/468; 2016–2022). Patients who were male [odds ratio (OR): 1.92, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.43–2.57, p < 0.001), younger (OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.87–0.89, p < 0.001) and had no hydronephrosis prior to RC (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.66–2.92, p < 0.001) were more likely to receive CUD.

Conclusions

We report the largest European single-center cohort of UD after RC, demonstrating a significant shift from CUD to IUD, accompanied by an increasing age. Finally, our data mirrors the development and extensive experience with the Mainz Pouch-I in the 1980’s and 1990’s together with other colon pouches.
Utility of Body Weight, Urine Color, and Thirst Perception (WUT) in Determining Hydration in Young Adults
Authors: ADAMS WILLIAM M. , ANDERSON TRAVIS , ZAPLATOSCH MITCHELL E. , CHEUVRONT SAMUEL N. , KENEFICK ROBERT W. , YATES BRANDON A. , MORRISSEY-BASLER MARGARET C. , CASA DOUGLAS J. , WIDEMAN LAURIE
Published: July 2024

Objective

The primary aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of the weight, urine, and thirst (WUT) framework in predicting dehydration after a body water manipulation protocol, while concurrently determining the individual and interactive contributions of the model components.

Methods

The total study sample was 93 participants (female, n = 47), recruited from two institutions. Phase 1 involved collecting daily hydration measures from free-living participants (study 1, 58 participants for 3 d; study 2, 35 participants for 7 d). Phase 2 entailed a 2-h passive heating protocol, where participants from study 2 were randomly assigned to one of three groups that manipulated total body water over 24 h using passive heating and fluid restriction. During each phase, participants provided urine samples, underwent body mass measurements, and completed questionnaires pertaining to thirst perception. Morning and 24-h urine samples were assessed for color, osmolality, and specific gravity. Differences between intervention groups, based on the probability of hydration status, were examined (ANOVA), and ridge regression analysis assessed the relative importance of variables within the WUT model.

Results

The study revealed significant differences among the intervention groups for predicted probability of dehydration, as determined by changes in body mass (P = 0.001), urine color (P = 0.044), and thirst perception (P < 0.001). Binomial ridge regression indicated that changes in body mass (58%) and thirst perception (26%) were the most influential predictors of dehydration.

Conclusions

These data support use of an enhanced version of the WUT model, underscoring the significance of changes in body mass and thirst perception in the assessment of hydration status.
An Individual versus Parent Supported Physical Activity Intervention in Adolescents with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: PTOMEY LAUREN T. , WASHBURN RICHARD A. , LEE JAEHOON , SHERMAN JOSEPH R. , RICE ANNA M. , DANON JESSICA C. , WHITE DAVID A. , SZABO-REED AMANDA N. , HELSEL BRIAN C. , DONNELLY JOSEPH E.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is inadequate in adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). This report describes the results of an 18-month clinical trial in adolescents with IDD, which compared changes in accelerometer-assessed daily MVPA, gross motor quotient, and leg press strength between participants randomized to an exercise intervention delivered to adolescents only (AO) or to the adolescent and a parent (A + P).

Methods

The 18-month trial included a 6-month active intervention, 6-month maintenance interventions, and a 6-month no-contact follow-up. Adolescents in both arms were asked to attend 40-min remotely delivered group video exercise sessions (0–6 months = 3 sessions per week, 7–12 months = 1 session per week). In the A + P arm, one parent/guardian was asked to attend all group remote video exercise sessions and a monthly remotely delivered 30-min educations/support session with their adolescent across the 12-month intervention.

Results

Adolescents (n = 116) with IDD (age ~16 yr, 52% female) were randomized to the AO (n = 59) or A + P (n = 57) arms. Mixed modeling, controlling for baseline MVPA and season, indicated minimal but statistically significant changes in MVPA across 6 (P = 0.006), 12 (P < 0.001), and 18 months (P < 0.001). However, the change in MVPA in the two intervention arms did not differ significantly at any time point (all P > 0.05). Similarly, gross motor quotient and leg press strength improved significantly over time (P < 0.001), and these changes did not differ between intervention arms (all P > 0.05).

Conclusions

Parental involvement had no impact on changes in daily MVPA, gross motor quotient, or leg press strength in response to a remotely delivered exercise intervention in adolescents with IDD.
Byzantine fault tolerance in autonomous robots evacuation problems
Authors: Παπαϊωάννου Ιωάννης
Published: July 2024

Σε αυτή τη διατριβή, μελετάμε προβλήματα αναζήτησης (search) και διαφυγής (evacuation) αυτόνομων ρομπότ δηλαδή καταστάσεις όπου μια ομάδα ρομπότ πρέπει να βρει έναν ή περισσότερους στόχους που βρίσκονται σε άγνωστα σημεία μιας περιοχής. Στην περίπτωση που μας ενδιαφέρει, ο στόχος είναι μια έξοδος και ο στόχος των ρομπότ είναι είτε να να εντοπίσουν την έξοδο (πρόβλημα αναζήτησης) είτε να εγκαταλείψουν την περιοχή (πρόβλημα διαφυγής) όσο το δυνατόν γρηγορότερα. Στην μελέτη αυτή, εξετάζουμε την (n,f)-αναζήτηση και την (n,f)-διαφυγή από έναν κύκλο, όπου n ρομπότ συνεργάζονται για να να εντοπίσουν την έξοδο ή να διαφύγουν μέσω της εξόδου και f από αυτά μπορεί να εμφανίσουν σφάλματα. Για την ανάλυση της χειρότερης περίπτωσης των αλγορίθμων μας, θεωρούμε έναν αντίπαλο που επιλέγει τη θέση της εξόδου και τη συμπεριφορά των εσφαλμένων ρομπότ (τις τροχιές τους καθώς και τα μηνύματα που θα μεταδώσουν) με στόχο την μεγιστοποίηση του χρόνου αναζήτησης και ολοκλήρωσης της διαφυγής. Ο αντίπαλος επιλέγει επίσης ποια ρομπότ θα εμφανίσουν σφάλματα. Διερευνώνται δύο διαφορετικά μοντέλα επικοινωνίας για τη διευκόλυνση των αλληλεπιδράσεων μεταξύ των ρομπότ: το ασύρματο μοντέλο όπου τα ρομπότ μπορούν να επικοινωνούν άμεσα ανεξαρτήτως απόστασης και το μοντέλο Face-to-Face που απαιτεί από τα ρομπότ να συναντηθούν ταυτόχρονα στην ίδια τοποθεσία προκειμένου να ανταλλάξουν πληροφορίες. Παρέχουμε βέλτιστους αλγορίθμους για την (n,f)-αναζήτηση σε έναν κύκλο αντιμετωπίζοντας σενάρια που περιλαμβάνουν f σφάλματα συντριβής (crash faults) ή ένα Βυζαντινό σφάλμα. Επεκτείνουμε τη συζήτηση στην διαφυγή από κύκλο υπό ένα και δύο Βυζαντινά σφάλματα και υπό f Βυζαντινά σφάλματα παρουσιάζοντας λεπτομερείς αλγορίθμους και πραγματοποιώντας μια εις βάθος ανάλυση των χρονικών τους απαιτήσεων.
Συνδυασμός νευροφυσιολογικών δεδομένων εικονικού περιβάλλοντος για ιατρικές ή κλινικές μελέτες
Authors: Ασπιώτης Βασίλειος
Published: July 2024

Η παρούσα διατριβή εξετάζει τον συνδυασμό τεχνολογιών εικονικής πραγματικότητας πλήρους εμβύθισης (ΕΠ) και φορέσιμων συσκευών ηλεκτροεγκεφαλογραφήματος (ΗΕΓ) για την ανάπτυξη καινοτόμων μεθόδων αξιολόγησης του στρες. Η ραγδαία τεχνολογική εξέλιξη στην υπολογιστική δύναμη και στον τεχνολογικό εξοπλισμό έχει επηρεάσει σημαντικά την καθημερινή ζωή και έχει διευρύνει πολλά πεδία έρευνας και ανάπτυξης. Η ΕΠ με χρήση κάσκας αναδεικνύεται ως μια ουσιαστική μορφή Επικοινωνίας Ανθρώπου-Υπολογιστή, επαναπροσδιορίζοντας τον τρόπο αλληλεπίδρασης και κατανόησης ψηφιακών περιβαλλόντων. Παράλληλα, η έρευνα στον τομέα της υγείας επικεντρώνεται όλο και περισσότερο στην ψηφιακή επεξεργασία βιοσημάτων. Ο συνδυασμός αυτών των τεχνολογιών, που παρεμποδιζόταν προηγουμένως από τεχνικούς περιορισμούς, τώρα προσφέρει νέες δυνατότητες για ιατρικές και κλινικές μελέτες.Η προκαταρκτική έρευνα διερεύνησε μεθοδολογίες επεξεργασίας σήματος ΗΕΓ, που άνοιξαν τον δρόμο για την κύρια έρευνα. Στο εισαγωγικό μέρος γίνεται αναφορά στις βασικές έννοιες που σχετίζονται με το θέμα και παρατίθεται βιβλιογραφική ανασκόπηση των σχετικών ερευνών. Ο πυρήνας της διατριβής περιλαμβάνει την πειραματική μελέτη αξιολόγησης του ΗΕΓ ως δείκτη στρες σε περιβάλλοντα ΕΠ, υποδεικνύοντας ποιες μεθοδολογίες ΗΕΓ μπορούν να προσαρμοστούν και να ενισχυθούν για ιατρικές μελέτες. Τέλος, γίνεται συζήτηση των ευρύτερων αποτελεσμάτων αυτού του συνδυασμού, αναδεικνύοντας τη σημασία των διεπιστημονικών προσεγγίσεων στις ιατρικές επιστήμες και προτείνοντας μελλοντικές κατευθύνσεις έρευνας στη διασταύρωση της νευροφυσιολογίας και των εμβυθιστικών εικονικών περιβαλλόντων.
COVID-19 Fear and COVID-19 Anxiety as Predictors of Exercise Benefit-Barrier Perception in Type 2 Diabetes Patients in the COVID-19 process
Authors: Arda Sürücü Hamdiye , Sungur Meltem , Temiz Ezgi Nur
Published: July 2024

Background: Exercise is an important building block in the management of type 2 diabetes. Perceptions of benefits and barriers related to that behavior may affect individuals' tendency towards protective behaviors such as exercise.
Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the fear of COVID-19, anxiety of COVID-19 and descriptive features as predictors of exercise benefit-barrier perception in type 2 diabetes patients during the COVID-19.
Method: The research sample consisted of 161 patients with type 2 diabetes. Patient diagnosis form, Exercise Benefits-Barriers Scale, Coronavirus (COVID-19) Fear Scale (CFS) and Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) were used as data collection tools. The data was shown as percentage and mean ± standard deviation (SD), and Pearson/Spearmen correlation and linear regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between the variables.
Results: In the study, when asked what the biggest barrier to exercising as a person with diabetes was, 38.31% of the individuals with type 2 diabetes said "COVID-19 pandemic". The total exercise benefit perception of individuals with diabetes was significant (F: 17.873, p<.001). In addition, for the perception of total exercise benefit, paying attention to risky situations (Hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia preventive behaviors) before doing physical activity (β = -.384), development of diabetic foot in the last six months (β =.163), COVID-19 anxiety (β =.205) were found to be statistically significant predictors (p<.001).
Conclusion: At the end of the study, it was found that illiteracy, having a history of diabetic foot development in the last six months, being married and an increase in the level of COVID-19 anxiety increased the perception of exercise benefit in individuals with Type 2 diabetes.
Απόψεις περί ετυμολογίας και κοινωνικές αναπαραστάσεις στη σύγχρονη Ελλάδα
Authors: Μπέης Σταμάτης , Πατεράκη Όλγα
Published: July 2024

The subject of this paper concerns the recent growth of the so-called ‘pseudo-scientific’ etymology in Modern Greek and the social representations which reflect various beliefs and social tendencies. These representations are based upon a discourse on the collective and political identity of a nation-state, a characteristic excessively developed nowadays in Eastern Europe. For this purpose, we will classify our data according to: a) the criterion of a partial adoption of scientific methodology; and b) the ideological and/or political stakes which underlie this type of etymologizing. We will also try to: a) highlight, through their argumentation, the underlying beliefs (Sériot, Bulgakova & Eržen 2008); b) address the issue of the reception of these views within 21st c. Greek society and the Greek academic community.
Ρηματική υποκατάσταση στις νεοελληνικές διαλέκτους του εσωτερικού της Μικράς Ασίας
Authors: Τσολακίδης Συμεών
Published: July 2024

This paper aims to contribute to the study of verbal suppletion in Modern Greek, and especially in Modern Greek varieties belonging to the group of East Asia Minor Greek (Cappadocia, Pharasa and Silli). In the main part of our study we present and discuss various cases of this suppletion focusing both on the diachrony of certain verbal paradigms as well as factors such as the frequency of use and the similarity or closeness of meaning between the verbal forms involved in suppletion. Our data show that verbal suppletion instances in East Asia Minor Greek could be either inherited from previous stages of Greek, or (more or less) innovative ones such as the suppletive use of Aorist forms of δίνω and ποιώ. Furthermore, there seems to be a certain variation between the dialects under study concerning which verbal forms function suppletively for certain paradigms. Last but not least, as is the case of verbal suppletion cross-linguistically, a distinction can be made between overlapping and non-overlapping cases, as well as between directional and non-directional ones.
Διαλεκτική λεξικογραφία: επισκόπηση και ζητήματα
Authors: Κατσούδα Γεωργία
Published: July 2024

Τhis metalexicographic paper aims to a. present the main categories of dialect dictionaries, b. provide and overview of Greek and international dialect lexicography, focusing on projects similar to the Historical Dictionary of the Academy of Athens (ILNE) and c. examine, according to international lexicographical principles and practice, the main lexicographic problems encountered in the megastructure, the macrostructure and the microstructure of philological/scholarly and amateur dialect dictionaries.
Οι πηγές του Ιστορικού Λεξικού της Νέας Ελληνικής της Ακαδημίας Αθηνών
Authors: Κωνσταντινίδου Μαγδαληνή , Τζαμάλη Αικατερίνη
Published: July 2024

Το Ιστορικό Λεξικό της Ακαδημίας Αθηνών καταγράφει την Νεοελληνική Γλώσσα τόσο στην τυπική της μορφή όσο και στις διαλεκτικές της ποικιλίες από τις αρχές του 19ου αιώνα μέχρι σήμερα. Ο συνδυασμός αυτών των δύο πτυχών το καθιστά το μοναδικό στο είδος του ιστορικό και διαλεκτικό λεξικό της Νέας Ελληνικής. Το γλωσσικό υλικό προέρχεται από ένα εκτενές αρχείο περίπου 4 εκατομμυρίων λημμάτων το οποίο δημιουργήθηκε με την αποδελτίωση περίπου 6.000 πηγών διαλεκτικού και υλικού της καθομιλουμένης. Το σώμα αυτών των πηγών χωρίζεται περαιτέρω σε πρωτογενείς και δευτερογενείς. Οι πρωτογενείς πηγές που αποτελούν το 60 – 70% του αρχείου περιλαμβάνουν: (α) προφορικά κείμενα που συλλέχθηκαν από το ερευνητικό προσωπικό του Ιστορικού Λεξικού και από ανεξάρτητους συνεργάτες, από όλα τα μέρη της χώρας με την μέθοδο απευθείας συνεντεύξεων, και (β) λογοτεχνικά και μη-λογοτεχνικά κείμενα γραμμένα σε διαλεκτική και καθομιλουμένη γλώσσα. Οι δευτερογενείς πηγές, που αποτελούν το υπόλοιπο 30 – 40% του γλωσσικού υλικού, αποτελούνται από λεξικά, γραμματικές και πραγματείες, συλλογές  τοπικών μελετών, βιβλιογραφίες κλπ. Τόσο τα πλεονεκτήματα όσο και τα μειονεκτήματα των διαφόρων τύπων πηγών κατά την σύνταξη του λεξικογραφικού corpus του Ιστορικού Λεξικού συζητούνται αναλυτικά. Επισημαίνεται επίσης η πρόσφατη χρήση των νέων τεχνολογιών της πληροφορίας (δηλ. στην αναζήτηση ψηφιακών πηγών κλπ.), που ανοίγουν πρωτόγνωρες δυνατότητες τόσο για την διασφάλιση της ποιότητας όσο και για τον εμπλουτισμό του υπάρχοντος γλωσσικού υλικού.
A code of action for the responsible conservation of squares in historic cities through the experience of northern Greece
Authors: Zygomalas Dimitrios
Published: July 2024

The historic cities of northern Greece came to include squares relatively recently. Up until the late 19th century, the structure of social life under Byzantine and Ottoman rule made them unnecessary, with very few exceptions. It was only under the Greek administration, after 1912, that they began to be properly integrated into the urban layout, as a symbol of modernization. In either case, they suffered considerable degradation after the Second World War and it was only in the 1980s that their historical significance began to be acknowledged. Hence, multiple conservation initiatives started to unfold, which currently allow for an appraisal, and in its wake, for the drafting of a code for optimum future action.
The present paper pursues these two goals, through two separate focuses: firstly, on the procedural, and secondly, on the technical segment of contemporary care for a characteristic selection of six squares in four historic cities of northern Greece. As concerns the technical segment, it is addressed in terms of the distribution of functions in and around the squares, and the design of the latter and the surrounding fronts.
How much does clinical prediagnosis correlate with electrophysiological findings?: a retrospective study
Authors: İnceoğlu Selda Çiftci , Ayyıldız Aylin , Yılmaz Figen , Kuran Banu
Published: July 2024

Background: Electrodiagnostic testing (EDX) is important in the diagnosis and follow-up of neuropathic and myopathic diseases. This study aimed to demonstrate the compatibility between clinical prediagnosis and electrophysiological findings. Methods: EDX results from 2004 to 2020 at the physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) clinic were screened. Tests with missing data, reevaluation studies, and cases of peripheral facial paralysis were excluded. The clinical prediagnosis and EDX results were recorded, and their compatibility was evaluated. Results: A total of 2,153 tests were included in this study. The mean age was 49.0±13.9 years and 1,533 of them (71.2%) were female. The most frequently referred clinic was the PM&R clinic (90.0%). Numbness (73.6%) was the most common complaint, followed by pain (15.3%) and weakness (13.9%). The most common prediagnosis was entrapment neuropathy (55.3%), radiculopathy (16.1%), and polyneuropathy (15.7%). Carpal tunnel syndrome was the most frequently identified type of entrapment neuropathy (78.3%). Six hundred and seventy EDX results (31.1%) were within normal limits. While the EDX results were consistent with the prediagnosis in 1,328 patients (61.7%), a pathology different from the prediagnosis was detected in 155 patients (7.2%). In the discrepancy group, the most common pathologies were entrapment neuropathy (51.7%), polyneuropathy (17.3%), and radiculopathy (15.1%). The most common neuropathy type was carpal tunnel syndrome (79.3%).Conclusion: After adequate anamnesis and physical and neurological examinations, requesting further appropriate tests will increase the prediagnosis accuracy and prevent unnecessary expenditure of time and labor.
role of physical exercise in diseases treated with colchicine - an ancient drug with novel clinical applications
Authors: Rejdych Julia , Podyma Katarzyna , Rosołowska-Żak Sara , Sambura Maria , Sas Wiktoria , Ryznar Gracja , Pierzchała Piotr , Minkowska Michalina , Chimiak Krystyna , Bylica Gabriela
Published: July 2024

Colchicine, a lipid-soluble alkaloid derived from Colchicum autumnale, has a long history of use dating back to ancient Egypt. Traditionally used to alleviate pain and swelling, colchicine is now administered for various diseases, including gout and Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF). Recent studies have expanded its applications to atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, such as acute coronary syndromes and COVID-19. This review aims to summarize the diverse clinical applications of colchicine, with a particular focus on its role in athletes and the synergistic effects of physical exercise in these conditions.
Colchicine exhibits broad anti-inflammatory effects primarily by disrupting microtubule functions, which impairs neutrophil migration and reduces cytokine production. Despite its narrow therapeutic window and potential for drug interactions, colchicine is considered safe and effective for managing conditions like gout, FMF, and acute coronary syndromes. Physical exercise complements colchicine treatment by enhancing symptom control and disease management. However, the role of colchicine in COVID-19 treatment remains inconclusive, necessitating further research.
Crigler-Najjar Syndrome - current state of knowledge, overview of etiology, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment methods
Authors: Wawrzkowicz Jakub , Korga Monika , Pawlik Paweł , Zaroda Przemysław , Dąda Paweł , Niewinna Patrycja , Żuchowski Michał , Mańdziuk Dominika , Kołodziej Klaudia , Kołodziej Wojciech
Published: July 2024

Crigler-Najjar syndrome is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by a mutation in the UGT1A1 gene, resulting in a complete deficiency of uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase enzyme in hepatocytes. This leads to jaundice due to elevated levels of indirect bilirubin in the blood. Two types of the syndrome are distinguished: type I and type II. Untreated disease can lead to serious complications, often necessitating liver transplantation. Therefore, there is a constant need for new treatment methods. This article provides an overview of the clinical symptoms, pathophysiological mechanisms, and current diagnostic and treatment methods for this condition. Although Crigler-Najjar syndrome is rare, its diagnosis and treatment pose clinical challenges due to potential complications associated with bilirubin accumulation. The article also discusses therapeutic perspectives, such as phototherapy and plasma exchange, and provides recommendations for patient care. Given the limited availability of information on Crigler-Najjar syndrome, this review aims to increase clinical awareness and improve the quality of care for patients with this rare disorder.
Strength Through Science: A Comprehensive Look at Resistance Training and Protein Intake in Muscle Development
Authors: Kuśmierska Martyna , Kuśmierski Jakub
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Resistance training (RT) has become integral to fitness and rehabilitation, offering significant advantages in muscle growth and strength, and has been associated with a reduced risk of mortality. This study underscores the effectiveness of combining RT with increased dietary protein intake to amplify muscle hypertrophy and strength gains, highlighting RT's role in stimulating muscle protein synthesis and the importance of protein in muscle repair and growth.
Material and Methods of Research: A comprehensive literature review using databases like PubMed and Google Scholar focused on keywords related to the topic.
Results: Resistance training induces a multitude of cellular and molecular changes within skeletal muscle, leading to notable outcomes such as muscle hypertrophy and strength gains. This process is facilitated by the production and release of myokines - cytokines produced by muscle fibers during contraction - and an increase in muscle protein synthesis, which are essential for muscle growth and functional improvement. The integration of a high-protein diet with a structured resistance training regimen has been shown to significantly enhance these adaptations, underscoring the vital role of nutrition in augmenting the effects of physical training. By providing the necessary amino acids for muscle repair and growth, a high-protein diet complements the mechanical stimuli from resistance training, leading to greater increases in muscle mass and strength.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that combining resistance training with a high-protein diet significantly boosts muscle hypertrophy and strength, highlighting the synergy between exercise and nutrition in enhancing muscle development and necessitating further investigation into their combined effects on various populations.
Exploring the therapeutic potential of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) supplementation in alleviating stress and stress-related disorders
Authors: Kuśmierska Martyna , Kuśmierski Jakub , Kwaśniewska Oliwia
Published: July 2024

Withania somnifera, also known as Ashwagandha, is a key herb in Ayurvedic medicine, celebrated for its ability to rejuvenate and promote longevity. It is believed to support overall wellness, offering neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and adaptogenic benefits. This study aims to evaluate how Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) supplementation impacts stress levels, psychological well-being, and resilience, assessing its overall effectiveness as an adaptogen. Stress, be it physical or psychological, activates a response involving the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems through various mechanisms, initially aiding in handling challenges but becoming detrimental when perceived as intense, repetitive, or prolonged, contributing to conditions like depression, anxiety and cognitive decline. Ashwagandha reduces morning cortisol and DHEA-S levels and increases heart rate variability. It improves sleep quality, alleviates anxiety symptoms, and may help with depression due to its components, such as alkaloids and withanolides. Additionally, it reduces fatigue and enhances overall well-being and happiness. It is important that Ashwagandha supplementation is safe and does not cause side effects, making it an attractive alternative for supporting health and well-being. Ashwagandha supplementation, due to adaptogenic qualities, appears promising in addressing stress and stress-related disorders, as well as enhancing overall well-being. Further research is warranted to fully explore its potential role in conventional health strategies.
Thirzepatide. A novelty in the treatment of obesity - literature review
Authors: Wiśniewska Katarzyna , Gmitrzuk Julita , Malinka Zuzanna , Jachymek Anna , Opatowska Martyna , Jakubiec Joanna , Kucharski Tomasz , Piotrowska Marta
Published: July 2024

Introduction
Obesity results from a complex interplay of environmental, genetic, and behavioral factors, making it challenging to treat. Globally, the prevalence of obesity has tripled over the past fifty years. The WHO reports that 60% of Europeans are overweight or obese mainly due to sedentary lifestyles and poor dietary habits. Effective treatment of obesity requires a combination of lifestyle modifications, including diet and physical activity, and pharmacological interventions. In 2023 a new drug - tirzepatide was registered. The purpose of this study is to discuss the mechanisms of action of tirzepatide, its safety and its effectiveness in body mass reduction, as well as its comparison with other available drug.
Aim of the Study
The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive review of current treatments for obesity, with particular emphasis on the role of recent development in pharmacotherapy - the introduction of tirzeptide. The study aims to discuss the mechanisms of action of tirzepatide, its safety and its effectiveness in body mass reduction, as well as its comparison with semaglutide.
Materials and methods
A review of the literature collected in the PubMed database was performed to gather information found under the keywords: tirzepatide, obesity, obesity treatment
Conclusions
Studies have shown that tirzepatide is more effective in weight loss than placebo and semaglutide, and reduces cardiovascular and metabolic risks. Furthermore, it does not increase the risk of serious adverse events or mortality compared to placebo, and its main side effects manifested by gastrointestinal symptoms are described as mild to moderate.
Retatrutide - revolutionary recently developed GLP agonist - literature review
Authors: Brzozowska Patrycja , Frańczuk Agata , Nowińska Bianka , Makłowicz Aleksandra , Palacz Karolina , Lenartowicz Iwona
Published: July 2024

Obesity - defined by excessive amount of fat tissue - is becoming more and more serious health problem among our population and affecting a growing number of people [1]. It is crucial in treatment to encourage and adjust patients to increased physical activity and decreased food consumption. However, it its much easier said than done, resulting in lowered motivation and many failed attempts at patients which makes it more difficult to engage in weight loss process. Holistic approach from medical team is crucial. More drugs are becoming approved in treatment of obesity - which is a big step for patients having a high body mass index (BMI) for whom diet and exercise might not be enough in order to lose weight. One of these drugs is retatrutide which appears to be a game-changer amongst other medications. It is revolutionary since it is a „triple G” agonist - it affects glucagon-like peptide (GLP) receptors, glucose-dependent insulotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptors and glucagon (GCG) receptors. It is a first substance of already available weight loss drugs that affects all three mentioned receptors - eg. semaglutide is a GLP receptor agonist and recently developed tirzepatide is a GLP and GIP receptors agonist. It could lead to revolutionizing weight loss treatments industry, making it even more successful and efficient. The aim of our study is to describe this new drug, its’ mechanism of action and discuss possible benefits versus adverse effects.
Evaluation of dietary intake of the School of Sports Championship students
Authors: Łopacińska Olga , Stańczyk Katarzyna , Korn Aleksandra , Czarnecka Karolina , Wójcik Emilia , Korczak Anna , Jędrzejczyk Justyna , Szewczyk Oliwia , Olek Ewa , Burda Katarzyna , Kuberski ​​Jakub
Published: July 2024

Introduction and purpose: Nutrition plays an important role in the lives of young athletes. A well-balanced diet is crucial not only for their sports performance, but also for their proper growth and optimal health. The aim of this study is to evaluate the dietary intake of the School of Sports Championship students.
A brief description of the state of knowledge: When compared to the nutritional needs of regular teenagers, young athletes have higher caloric requirements. They need to follow precise meal scheduling, must maintain proper hydration, and sometimes need to use dietary supplements. Moreover, adolescent athletes, especially females, have a higher risk of athlete triad, anemia, or eating disorders. In addition, young athletes seem to be unaware of the importance of their diet and how it directly affects their overall health and athletic performance.
Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that the dietary choices of young athletes significantly affect their sports performance. We found a correlations between the duration of trainings and the intake of sequentially: protein, fiber, and vitamin D. Also, we discovered that female athletes consume less vitamin D and iron compared to male athletes, which may lead to a dangerous health implications, including anemia or the female athlete triad. However, there is a need for more prospective randomized clinical trials conducted on a larger sample size to reach final conclusions.
Insights into transitioning to life with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator: facing the future
Authors: Mooney Mary , Clancy Beverley
Published: July 2024

Background/Aims

An implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) can deliver a shock that converts a dangerously abnormal heart rhythm into a safe rhythm, preventing a sudden cardiac death. However, the transition from life without an ICD to life with one can be challenging. This study aimed to explore how patients perceived the transition process to life with an ICD.

Methods

This qualitative descriptive study was conducted with 10 patients with ICDs, recruited from a tertiary hospital in the Republic of Ireland. A semi-structured interview guide was used to conduct in-person interviews at the end of 2016. The transcripts were thematically analysed, with transition theory being used as a framework to support the process.

Results

Participants described how the ICD meant that they had to adapt to a new way of living, with physical, psychological and lifestyle adjustments. The transition process was neither immediate nor linear. Fear of defibrillation and receipt of shocks caused feelings of vulnerability, while the loss of a driving license was perceived as a threat to independence.

Conclusions

Coping with the aftermath of defibrillator implantation is contingent on education and the level of support offered to patients. Nurses should strive to identify patients' coping and transitioning skills, as they are ideally positioned to initiate timely discussions that are tailored to the individual's needs and capacity.
Characteristics and outcomes of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction referred to a community specialist nurse-led clinic
Authors: Tavares Sara , Kanaganayagam Gajen , Lampridou Smaragda , Phuyal Urmila , Singh Harmandeep , Forsyth Faye
Published: July 2024

Background/Aims

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction remains relatively poorly understood, despite its increasing prevalence. It is unclear how most clinical services are adapting to changes in caseload and management. This study aimed to describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction who were referred to a community heart failure specialist nurse-led clinic, and to evaluate the clinical interventions implemented during patients’ reviews.

Methods

A longitudinal cohort design was used. Baseline characteristics and 6-month data on heart failure specialist nurse interventions, morbidity and mortality were collected for all patients (n=80) referred and allocated to the community heart failure specialist nurse-led clinic between November 2022 and June 2023. Data were collected from the service's electronic medical record system and analysed with descriptive statistics using SPSS version 28.

Results

A total of 696 referrals were made of patients with confirmed or suspected heart failure, of whom 80 were allocated to heart failure specialist nurse caseloads. The mean age of the sample was 82 years (±8.85 years), with each patient having a median of three comorbidities. At the end of 6-month period, 37.5% were discharged and 38.8% were on a patient-initiated follow-up pathway, with a median of four contacts. Interventions received at the specialist clinic included management of comorbid conditions. Prescribing focused on diuretic titration and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors initiation. Of the 65 hospital admissions recorded, 45 (69.2%) were unrelated to heart failure, while 20 (30.8%) were related to heart failure.

Conclusions

The community heart failure specialist nurse-led clinic resulted in the initiation or adjustment of key therapies in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Heart failure specialist nurses can autonomously implement advanced interventions in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, despite patients’ complexity. Some aspects of care require improvement, such as comprehensive geriatric assessments, multimorbidity management and involvement of cardiac rehabilitation and palliative care teams.
CONNECTing nurses and allied professionals through a cardiac surgery masterclass programme
Authors: Bowden Tracey , Bruneau Jill , Chen Yingyan , Fredericks Suzanne , Hayes Maria , Magboo Rosalie , O'Keefe-McCarthy Sheila , Pedrosa Rafaela , Then Karen , Van Valen Richard
Published: July 2024

CONNECT is a network of nursing and allied professional researchers, focused on strengthening collaborative cardiac surgery research through shared initiatives. In the third instalment of this five-article series, the authors introduce a CONNECT masterclass programme, aiming to meet the clinical and research development needs of nurses and allied professionals working in cardiac surgery.
Growing as a leader
Authors: Thomas Vinice
Published: July 2024

This article is the last in this series on leadership, which brings together the key lessons from across the past few months. It reflects on previous leadership styles and theories, such as authentic, ethical, transformational and compassionate leadership. New styles such as collective leaders, disruptive and servant leaders are considered. While the paper emphasises the benefits of leadership in general, it recognised the challenges facing leaders, such as self-neglect, fear, intimidation and imposter syndrome, and it offers advice on how these challenges can be overcome. Many nurses and midwives have benefited from the guidance and support of healthcare assistants and support workers, and recognise the leadership qualities possessed by many. The importance of developing leaders has been a theme across all the previous articles and this final paper provides further guidance on how best the reader can grow as a leader, irrespective of role. The need for self-care and self-discovery is emphasised, as is the importance of formal leadership training and role modelling in developing future leaders.
Incidence of medical adhesive-related skin injury: a reduction by changing posture
Authors: Jiang Shudi , Yin Lijuan
Published: July 2024

Objective:

Medical adhesive-related skin injuries (MARSI), defined as skin damage associated with the use of medical adhesive products or devices, are a common and under-reported condition that compromises skin integrity. The prevention and management of MARSI that can occur around the needle insertion site of a chest wall implantable port in hospitalised patients with a tumour remain challenging issues. The aim of this study was to explore whether the incidence of MARSI could be reduced by changing the body position during dressing changes.

Method:

Participants were recruited between May 2019 and November 2020 in the oncology department of a tertiary hospital. Patients were randomly assigned to Group AB (supine followed by semi-recumbent position) and Group BA (semi-recumbent followed by supine position) with a standard intervening recovery interval of 21–28 days. Assessments for typical MARSI included itching, the combination of erythema and oedema, and blisters in the port area, and were graded according to the level of severity.

Results:

The itch intensity was significantly lower in phase B (semi-recumbent) compared to phase A (supine) (2.35±1.985 versus 5.31±1.332, respectively; p<0.01). Similarly, the severity of erythema and oedema was less severe when comparing phase B to phase A: grade 0 (64.9% versus 10.5%, respectively); grade 1 (28.1% versus 19.3%, respectively); grade 2 (3.5% versus 7.0%, respectively); grade 3 (1.8% versus 45.6%, respectively); and grade 4 (1.8% versus 17.5%, respectively) (Z=5.703; p<0.01). Blisters were found far less frequently in phase B than phase A (1.8% versus 56.1%, respectively; p<0.01).

Conclusion:

The study provided statistically significant evidence that patients in a semi-recumbent position receiving dressing at a chest wall implantable port had fewer and less severe injection site MARSI than when in a supine position.

Declaration of interest:

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.