bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Land Reclamation on Acid Sulfate Soil and Its Mitigation
Authors: Rifqi Hidayat Arthanur , Fahmi Arifin
Published: June 2020

Land reclamation on acid sulfate soil is a process of improving acid sulfate soil to make them suitable for more productive use, such as increasing crop production. These efforts (land clearing and management, as well as water management system) on acid sulfate soils had increased sulfidic material oxidation, followed by soil acidification, the rise of toxic metal solubility, and basic cation leaching. Mitigation efforts are required to prevent these impacts such as proper water management, utilization of organic matter, adaptive varieties, and optimized technology of fertilization. These mitigations must be carefully done so that they have a minimum negative impact on soil and crop.
Discovery of Malaria Cases on Forest Workers In Public Health Center, Teluk Kepayang, Tanah Bumbu, South Kalimantan
Authors: Rahayu Nita , Suryatinah Yuniarti , Kusumaningtyas Harninda
Published: June 2020

Regency of Tanah Bumbu has an annual parasitic incidence rate (API) 0.82 and in 2016 the number of API decreased to 0.48. However, there are malaria cases that still occur in the 5 (five) locations of the workplace of the public health center with the category High Case Incidence (HCI). Determining factors in the case of malaria in Tanah Bumbu district are malaria parasites (Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, and mixed), and forest workers. The more dominant malaria attacked the population in the working area of the public health center is the malaria vivax and the mix (P. falciparum and P. vivax). The purpose of the study was to determine the dominant Plasmodium species that attacked the population. The type of descriptive research with cross-sectional design in the village endemic malaria of the HCI category in the working area of the public health center in the district of Tanah Bumbu. The results show that a total of 773 respondents was examined to detect cases of malaria, mixed malaria results (P. falciparum and P. vivax), and P. vivax were dominantly found in adult men who worked as a forest protector and miners in 73% of cases. While in adult women are gardening in the find 27% of cases of malaria species (P. falciparum and P. vivax) and P. vivax. Conclusion: The rides of malaria sufferers in the working area of the public health center with a total value of SPR 1%. Thus, for people in the working area of the public health center to use a mosquito net with insecticide during the special night, and use mosquito repellent to avoid mosquito bites and use prophylactic drugs when going to the fields/ Forests for work.
Identification of Chemical Compounds from Nipah (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) Endosperm
Authors: Dewi Astuti Maria , Nisa Khairatun , Mustikasari Kamilia
Published: June 2020

The identification of chemical compounds in Nipah (Nypa fruticans Wurmb) endosperm has been done. The extraction of chemical compounds in Nipah endosperm has been done using the maceration method with heating and followed with absorbs-desorbs on active carbon given ethanol fraction. The result obtained was a brownish-yellow fraction. The phytochemical screening test did on endosperm and ethanol fraction. Phytochemical screening results showed that the Nipah endosperm contains phenolic, tannin, flavonoid, and saponin compounds, while the ethanol fraction of Nipah endosperm did not contain alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid, triterpenoid, phenolic, tannin, and saponin compounds. Based on UV-vis, IR, and GCMS spectra, the ethanol fraction contains of furfural compounds.
Expression of Recombinant Fusion Protein of Newcastle Disease Virus from Escherichia coli Plasmid Clone C-2a by In-vitro Cell-free Protein Expression System
Authors: Pandu Satria Wiratama Ahmad , Haryanto Aris
Published: June 2020

Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) is an infectious disease that infect many kinds of wild and domesticated birds. Infection of NDV become a massive problem for poultry industry around the world especially in Indonesia. Vaccination is an effort to prevent the infection of NDV in poultry. NDV vaccine that used in Indonesia is a conventional life vaccine from LaSota and B1 strains. These type of vaccine is 21%-23% genetically distinct with the virus that spread in the environment. The antibody protection provided by the vaccine is not effective. Therefore, vaccination with new local NDV strain is needed to prevent the NDV infection in Indonesia. The previously study research reported that the local isolate of NDV from Kulon Progo, Indonesia has been isolated. Fusion (F) protein encoding gene that has been inserted into pBT7-N-His expression p lasmid which isolated from clone C-2a of E. coli, then it was expressed by the Cell-free protein expression system. The aim of this study was to confirm whether clone C-2a of E.coli carrying a recombinant plasmid pBT7-N-His-Fusion NDV and to express a recombinant F protein of NDV in-vitro from expression plasmid by cell-free protein expression system. This work started by detection of recombinant plasmid pBT7-N-His-Fusion NDV by DNA plasmid extraction followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The recombinant F protein was in-vitro expressed by cell-free protein expression kit. The expressed F protein of NDV then was visualized by SDS-PAGE and Westernblott to analyse the expression of NDV recombinant F protein. It confirmed that clone C-2a of E. coli contained plasmid pBT7-N-His (4.001 bp) inserted by recombinant F protein of NDV gene (642 bp). The visualisation of expressed recombinant F protein by SDS-PAGE and Westernblott showed the NDV recombinant F protein was a specific protein fragment with molecular weight of 25,6 kDa..
Rival at the gate: first record of the Asian clam Corbicula fluminea Müller, 1774 (Bivalvia: Corbiculidae) in Greece
Authors: Karaouzas Ioannis , Zogaris Stamatis , Froufe Elsa , Lopes-Lima Manuel
Published: June 2020

This contribution presents the first record of the Asian clam Corbicula fluminea Müller, 1774 in Greece. The species was collected in Erythropotamos River (Reka Luda Луда река), one of the main tributaries of Evros River (classical name of the Maritsa river), thus being the southernmost record of this invasive bivalve in the Balkan Peninsula. The most likely entry source of C. fluminea in Greece is through active or passive downstream drift through the Bulgarian part of Erythropotamos River, which is shared between Bulgaria and Greece. Special attention is now required to assess the invasion extent of the Asian clam in the entire Evros basin and adjacent river basins of Bulgaria and the Aegean basins of Greece and Turkey.
Saprochaete capitata oropharyngeal infection in a neutropenic patient: unusual presentation
Authors: Belaouni Mourad , Elbahraouy Rabii , Malki Elhoucine , Louzi Lhoussain , Er-rami Mohammed
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Saprochete capitata is unusual etiologic agent in immunocompromised patients, particularly in those with hematologic malignancy and severe neutropenia. Most often, infections of the oral cavity are manifested clinically as oral candidiasis. Invasive forms are rarely described. Observation: a 63-year-old man consulted for pseudomembranous lesions associated with ulcero perforating lesion of the tongue and palatal region ulcerations. All evolving in a context of profound physical deterioration and severe neutropenia. Mycological examination showed Saprochaete capitata. The evolution was favorable with oral voriconazole. Comment: Saprochaete capitata invasive fungal infections have become an important cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in hematology-oncology patients. Invasive or non-invasive, oropharyngeal involvement with this pathogen should not be underestimated in the neutropenic patient. They are the main starting point for fongemia of this pathogen, which is often fatal. Conclusion: Saprochete capitata is now recognized emerging etiologic agent in patients with hematological malignancy and severe neutropenia. Early detection and diagnosis of these fungal infections could lead to reduced morbidity and mortality, particularly in locally invasive infection.
Analysis of Fe and Mn impurities in Chinese sponge titanium enterprise using an input-output model
Authors: Li Wei , Wu Fuzhong , Jin Huixin , Li Shuie
Published: June 2020

The impurity content is an important index reflecting the quality of sponge titanium, especially Fe and Mn impurities. However, at present, only qualitative research has been conducted on the input of impurities, and no quantitative research has been conducted on the input and output of impurities. Therefore, based on the input-output model, this study analyzes the input and output of typical impurities in the magnesiothermic reduction-vacuum distillation process, product sorting process, and magnesium processing process, respectively. Quantitative characterization of the input and output of impurities in sponge titanium production. The results show that the Fe impurity is mainly input by the equipment, and the Mn impurity is mainly input from the raw materials. Determined the chemical reactions of impurities Fe and Mn during reduction, impurities of Fe and Mn exist in the product as the form of simple substance after the reaction.
International consensus on terminology to be used in the field of echinococcoses
Authors: Vuitton Dominique A. , McManus Donald P. , Rogan Michael T. , Romig Thomas , Gottstein Bruno , Naidich Ariel , Tuxun Tuerhongjiang , Wen Hao , Menezes da Silva Antonio ,   the World Association of Echinococcosis, Vuitton Dominique A. , McManus Donald P. , Romig Thomas , Rogan Michael R. , Gottstein Bruno , Menezes da Silva Antonio , Wen Hao , Naidich Ariel , Tuxun Tuerhongjiang , Avcioglu Amza , Boufana Belgees , Budke Christine , Casulli Adriano , Güven Esin , Hillenbrand Andreas , Jalousian Fateme , Jemli Mohamed Habib , Knapp Jenny , Laatamna Abdelkarim , Lahmar Samia , Naidich Ariel , Rogan Michael T. , Sadjjadi Seyed Mahmoud , Schmidberger Julian , Amri Manel , Bellanger Anne-Pauline , Benazzouz Sara , Brehm Klaus , Hillenbrand Andreas , Jalousian Fateme , Kachani Malika , Labsi Moussa , Masala Giovanna , Menezes da Silva Antonio , Sadjjadi Seyed Mahmoud , Soufli Imene , Touil-Boukoffa Chafia , Wang Junhua , Zeyhle Eberhard , Aji Tuerganaili , Akhan Okan , Bresson-Hadni Solange , Dziri Chadli , Gräter Tilmann , Grüner Beate , Haïf Assia , Hillenbrand Andreas , Koch Stéphane , Rogan Michael T. , Tamarozzi Francesca , Tuxun Tuerhongjiang , Giraudoux Patrick , Torgerson Paul , Vizcaychipi Katherina , Xiao Ning , Altintas Nazmiye , Lin Renyong , Millon Laurence , Zhang Wenbao , Achour Karima , Fan Haining , Junghanss Thomas , Mantion Georges A.
Published: June 2020

Echinococcoses require the involvement of specialists from nearly all disciplines; standardization of the terminology used in the field is thus crucial. To harmonize echinococcosis terminology on sound scientific and linguistic grounds, the World Association of Echinococcosis launched a Formal Consensus process. Under the coordination of a Steering and Writing Group (SWG), a Consultation and Rating Group (CRG) had the main missions of (1) providing input on the list of terms drafted by the SWG, taking into account the available literature and the participants’ experience; and (2) providing independent rating on all debated terms submitted to vote. The mission of the Reading and Review Group (RRG) was to give an opinion about the recommendation paper in terms of readability, acceptability and applicability. The main achievements of this process were: (1) an update of the current nomenclature of Echinococcus spp.; (2) an agreement on three names of diseases due to Echinococcus spp.: Cystic Echinococcosis (CE), Alveolar Echinococcosis (AE) and Neotropical Echinococcosis (NE), and the exclusion of all other names; (3) an agreement on the restricted use of the adjective “hydatid” to refer to the cyst and fluid due to E. granulosus sensu lato; and (4) an agreement on a standardized description of the surgical operations for CE, according to the “Approach, cyst Opening, Resection, and Completeness” (AORC) framework. In addition, 95 “approved” and 60 “rejected” terms were listed. The recommendations provided in this paper will be applicable to scientific publications in English and communication with professionals. They will be used for translation into other languages spoken in endemic countries.
Total hip arthroplasty performed by direct anterior approach – Does experience influence the learning curve?
Authors: Foissey Constant , Fauvernier Mathieu , Fary Cam , Servien Elvire , Lustig Sébastien , Batailler Cécile
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Proficiency in the direct anterior approach (DAA) as with many surgical techniques is considered to be challenging. Added to this is the controversy of the benefits of DAA compared to other total hip arthroplasty (THA) approaches. Our study aims to assess the influence of experience on learning curve and clinical results when transitioning from THA via posterior approach in a lateral position to DAA in a supine position. Methods: A consecutive retrospective series of 525 total hip arthroplasty of one senior and six junior surgeons was retrospectively analysed from May 2013 to December 2017. Clinical results were analysed and compared between the two groups and represented as a learning curve. Mean follow up was 36.2 months ± 11.8. Results: This study found a significant difference in complications between the senior and junior surgeons for operating time, infection rate, and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) neuropraxia. A trainee’s learning curve was an average of 10 DAA procedures before matching the senior surgeon. Of note, the early complications correlated with intraoperative fractures increased with experience in both groups. Operating time for the senior equalised after 70 cases. Dislocation rate and limb length discrepancy were excellent and did not show a learning curve between the two groups. Conclusion: DAA is a safe approach to implant a THA. There is a learning curve and initial supervision is recommended for both seniors and trainees. Level of evidence: Retrospective, consecutive case series; level IV.
Peritoneale und retroperitoneale Anatomie für Radiologen
Authors: Wessling Johannes , Ringe Kristina , Juchems Markus , Grenacher Lars , Schreyer Andreas G.
Published: June 2020

Der Beitrag liefert das Rüstzeug für ein fundiertes radiologisch-anatomisches Verständnis des Intra- und Retroperitonealraums. Typische Ausbreitungsmuster von Erkrankungen werden systematisch pathoanatomisch erläutert und ihr Potenzial für (differenzial-)diagnostische Rückschlüsse aufgezeigt.
Dantrolene-Induced Hepatitis: A Rare Culprit in the PICU
Authors: Pasrija Divij , Gupta Shilpi , Hassinger Amanda
Published: June 2020

Dantrolene is used for reversal of malignant hyperthermia and for improvement in spasticity following stroke which are Food and Drug Administration-approved indications. It is an infrequently used medication in the pediatric intensive care unit and is usually continued from the operating room or sedation suite after suspicion for malignant hyperthermia, secondary to other medications and anesthetic agents. Hepatitis has been described as a side effect of the medication after prolonged use and at doses of more than 100 mg/d mainly in adults. We described in this case report a patient in which the drug was used for sympathetic overactivity in the PICU and development of asymptomatic hepatitis on day 3 after starting the medication at a dose much lower than previously described.
Strukturreform nach Corona überfällig
Authors: Rybak Christian
Published: June 2020

Die Coronakrise hat gezeigt, dass unser bestehendes System offenbar leistungsfähiger ist als andere Gesundheitssysteme. Die von Kritikern immer wieder ins Feld geführte Krankenhausdichte erweist sich jetzt in der Krise als Anker einer stabilen Versorgung. Insofern gilt es nun, aus den aktuellen Erfahrungen für die Zukunft zu folgern, welche Handlungsempfehlungen für Fragen der flächendeckenden Versorgung und der künftigen Struktur der Krankenhauslandschaft abzuleiten sind.
Aufgeschobene Elektiveingriffe: Den Rückstau beseitigen
Authors: Klußmann Kathrin , Bialas Enno , Seeling Matthes , Vitzthum Jannis
Published: June 2020

Seit Mitte März wurden schätzungsweise 70 000 elektive Eingriffe pro Woche auf unbestimmte Zeit verschoben, um Kapazitäten für die Behandlung von Covid-19-Patienten freizuhalten. Wie wirkt sich diese Warteliste auf die Entwicklung der Akuteingriffe aus, und wieviel Zeit wird benötigt, um sie abzuarbeiten?
Zwischenruf aus der Branche: Die digitale Transformation: eine Investitionsherausforderung
Authors: Landwehr Kai-Otto
Published: June 2020

Der globale Anstieg von chronischen Erkrankungen setzt Krankenhäuser unter Druck. Die digitale Transformation trägt zur Entlastung bei, denn sie schafft ‚smarte‘, also intelligente Krankenhäuser. Es gibt sie jedoch nicht umsonst. Woher das Geld dafür nehmen und nicht stehlen? Kai-Otto Landwehr, Leiter des Commercial-Finance-Geschäfts von Siemens Financial Services (SFS), weiß Rat.
KIS-Markt: Der Markt sortiert sich neu
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: June 2020

Während es längere Zeit erstaunlich ruhig im Markt für Krankenhausinformationssysteme (KIS) war, geht es seit der Jahreswende turbulent zu. Erst verkaufte Marktführer Agfa sein KIS-Geschäft an Dedalus, dann arrondierte Branchenvize Cerner sein Portfolio. Gleichzeit schielen verstärkt Private Equity Unternehmen auf den Markt der Health IT Software. Wohin steuert der KIS-Markt?
Digitales Labor: Neue Wege mit Künstlicher Intelligenz
Authors: Hissel Yvonne
Published: June 2020

Die Digitalisierung hat die Labormedizin in den vergangenen Jahren radikal verändert. Trotzdem ist das Innovationpotenzial noch lange nicht ausgeschöpft. Start-ups und Forschungsprojekte treiben den Fortschritt weiter voran und lassen die Frage aufkommen, was die Labormedizin unter Anwendung von Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) in Zukunft leisten kann und was nicht.
Calibration and measurement performance analysis for a spectral band charge-coupled-device-based pyrometer
Authors: Zhang Yuzhong , Zhang Wuqiong , Dong Zhe , Shu Shuangbao , Dong Jingtao , Xing Chenyao
Published: June 2020

Commercial charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras are used widely in industrial applications. This paper uses a commercial CCD camera to develop a spectral band CCD-based pyrometer. To improve the calibration accuracy, a thermometry model based on the extended effective wavelength is introduced to describe the pyrometer. The Tikhonov regularization method is employed to acquire the stabilized solutions for the model parameters considering their sensitivities to the perturbations in the calibration data. Therefore, the relationships between the temperature measurement performances and the system parameters, namely, the electron gain and F-number, are analyzed in terms of the temperature measurement range and sensitivity. Meanwhile, the error and uniformity of the temperature measurements are also investigated using a blackbody furnace. The experimental results show that the temperature measurement range for the designed pyrometer is 800–1203 °C, in which the sensitivity is 0.4906–35.64 °C−1 and the average relative error and non-uniformity of the temperature measurements are 2.5‰ and 1.36%, respectively.
Nonlinear electrostatic waves in an electron–positron plasma
Authors: Yang S. J. , Chen Y. , Xiao C. Z.
Published: June 2020

This paper presents a theoretical and numerical study of all possible nonlinear electrostatic waves in an unmagnetized and collisionless electron–positron plasma. From a two-component plasma with an arbitrary ion/positron-to-electron mass ratio β and a temperature ratio TR, four possible waves are discussed: Langmuir waves (LWs), electron acoustic waves, ion acoustic waves, and ion-bulk (IBk) waves. Although LWs are ubiquitous, the existence of the other three acoustic waves depends on the values of β and TR. In an electron–positron plasma, only LWs and IBk waves are allowed. The dispersion relation of these waves varies from a “thumb” curve to a “thumb–teardrop” curve when TR < 1. Vlasov simulations are used to verify predicted waves and reveal several characteristics of excited waves, such as sideband instability, harmonic effect, and nonlinear shifts in frequency and wave number. The present results for an electron–positron plasma can be easily applied to plasmas with arbitrary β and TR, especially when the dispersion relations of these waves are close to each other.
Tunneling modes induced by interface states in 1D photonic crystals with single negative materials
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zhu Wen-Huan , Ding Guo-Hui
Published: June 2020

We investigate the electromagnetic wave propagating in one dimensional photonic crystals with alternating layers of negative permittivity materials and negative permeability metamaterials. The band structure and transmission spectra are obtained. In the negative effective permittivity and negative effective permeability regime, we find new interface modes propagating along the interfaces between the two different media with even and odd parities, respectively. For the oblique incident case, the new propagation modes result in the emergence of a transmission band within the zero-ϕeff gap of these photonic crystals. By adjusting the plasma density or the thickness of the plasma layer, the zero-ϕeff gap as well as the transmission band of the interface modes can be tuned, which can facilitate the design of tunable filters at the microwave frequency range.
Tuning the resistive switching in tantalum oxide-based memristors by annealing
Authors: Li Yang , Suyolcu Y. Eren , Sanna Simone , Christensen Dennis Valbjørn , Traulsen Marie Lund , Stamate Eugen , Pedersen Christian Søndergaard , van Aken Peter A. , García Lastra Juan Maria , Esposito Vincenzo , Pryds Nini
Published: June 2020

A key step in engineering resistive switching is the ability to control the device switching behavior. Here, we investigate the possibility to tune the resistive switching of tantalum oxide (TaOx)-based memristors from a non-switchable state to a switchable state by applying post-fabrication annealing of the devices. The switching of the devices was found to be related to: (1) the oxidation state changes in the TaOx thin film after annealing and (2) the local variations in oxygen stoichiometry in the vicinity of the interface between the TiN electrode and the TaOx active resistive layer. We further discuss the possible mechanism behind the resistive switching after annealing. This experimental approach provides a simple but powerful pathway to trigger the resistive switching in devices that do not show any resistive switching initially.
Crystal Hall and crystal magneto-optical effect in thin films of SrRuO3
Authors: Samanta Kartik , Ležaić Marjana , Merte Maximilian , Freimuth Frank , Blügel Stefan , Mokrousov Yuriy
Published: June 2020

Motivated by the recently observed topological Hall effect in ultra-thin films of SrRuO3 (SRO) grown on the SrTiO3 [001] substrate, we investigate the magnetic ground state and anomalous Hall response of the SRO ultra-thin films by virtue of spin density functional theory (DFT). Our findings reveal that in the monolayer limit of an SRO film, a large energy splitting of Ru-t2g states stabilizes an anti-ferromagnetic (AFM) insulating magnetic ground state. For the AFM ground state, our Berry curvature calculations predict a large anomalous Hall response upon doping. From the systematic symmetry analysis, we uncover that the large anomalous Hall effect arises due to a combination of broken time-reversal and crystal symmetries caused by the arrangement of non-magnetic atoms (Sr and O) in the SRO monolayer. We identify the emergent Hall effect as a clear manifestation of the so-called crystal Hall effect in terminology of Šmejkal et al., Crystal Hall effect in collinear antiferromagnets (2019), and demonstrate that it persists at finite frequencies, which is the manifestation of the crystal magneto-optical effect. Moreover, we find a colossal dependence of the anomalous Hall effect on the degree of crystal symmetry breaking also in ferromagnetic SRO films, which all together points to an alternative explanation of the emergence of the topological Hall effect observed in this type of systems.
Quantum plasmons and intraband excitons in doped nanoparticles: Insights from quantum chemistry
Authors: Lau Bryan T. G. , Berkelbach Timothy C.
Published: June 2020

We use excited-state quantum chemistry techniques to investigate the intraband absorption of doped semiconductor nanoparticles as a function of doping density, nanoparticle radius, and material properties. Modeling the excess electrons as interacting electrons confined to a sphere, we find that the excitation evolves from single-particle to plasmonic with increasing number of electrons at fixed density, and the threshold number of electrons to produce a plasmon increases with density due to quantum confinement and electron–hole attraction. In addition, the excitation passes through an intermediate regime where it is best characterized as an intraband exciton. We compare equation-of-motion coupled-cluster theory with those of more affordable single-excitation theories and identify the inclusion of electron–hole interactions as essential to describing the evolution of the excitation. Despite the simplicity of our model, the results are in reasonable agreement with the experimental spectra of doped ZnO nanoparticles at a doping density of 1.4 × 1020 cm−3. Based on our quantum chemistry calculations, we develop a schematic model that captures the dependence of the excitation energy on nanoparticle radius and electron density.
Proton irradiation impact on interface traps under Schottky contact in AlGaN/GaN heterostructure
Authors: Zheng Xue-Feng , Chen Guan-Jun , Wang Xiao-Hu , Wang Ying-Zhe , Wang Chong , Mao Wei , Lu Yang , Hou Bin , Mi Min-Han , Lv Ling , Cao Yan-Rong , Zhu Qing , Guo Gang , Ma Pei-Jun , Ma Xiao-Hua , Hao Yue
Published: June 2020

The effect of 3 MeV proton irradiation on interface traps under a Schottky contact in an AlGaN/GaN heterostructure has been investigated in this work. Utilizing the frequency-dependent conductance technique, the detailed information about interface traps under different proton doses has been evaluated. When the proton irradiation dose is increased to 5 × 1014 H+/cm2, it is observed that the deepest energy level of interface traps changes from 0.375 eV to 0.346 eV and the shallowest energy level changes from 0.284 eV to 0.238 eV. The corresponding energy range expands from 0.091 eV to 0.108 eV. Especially, the trap density at the deepest energy level and that at the shallowest energy level are reduced by 65% and 93%, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy are also used to assess the Schottky contact interface, and no element inter-diffusion is observed after proton irradiation. The reverse gate leakage current decreases with an increase in the proton irradiation dose, which agrees with the reduction in interface trap density.
Converged quantum simulations of reactive solutes in superfluid helium: The Bochum perspective
Authors: Brieuc Fabien , Schran Christoph , Uhl Felix , Forbert Harald , Marx Dominik
Published: June 2020

Superfluid helium has not only fascinated scientists for centuries but is also the ideal matrix for the investigation of chemical systems under ultra-cold conditions in helium nanodroplet isolation experiments. Together with related experimental techniques such as helium tagging photodissociation spectroscopy, these methods have provided unique insights into many interesting systems. Complemented by theoretical work, they were additionally able to greatly expand our general understanding of manifestations of superfluid behavior in finite sized clusters and their response to molecular impurities. However, most theoretical studies up to now have not included the reactivity and flexibility of molecular systems embedded in helium. In this perspective, the theoretical foundation of simulating fluxional molecules and reactive complexes in superfluid helium is presented in detail. Special emphasis is put on recent developments for the converged description of both the molecular interactions and the quantum nature of the nuclei at ultra-low temperatures. As a first step, our hybrid path integral molecular dynamics/bosonic path integral Monte Carlo method is reviewed. Subsequently, methods for efficient path integral sampling tailored for this hybrid coupling scheme are discussed while also introducing new developments to enhance the accurate incorporation of the solute⋯solvent coupling. Finally, highly accurate descriptions of the interactions in solute⋯helium systems using machine learning techniques are addressed. Our current automated and adaptive fitting procedures to parameterize high-dimensional neural network potentials for both the full-dimensional potential energy surface of solutes and the solute⋯solvent interaction potentials are concisely presented. They are demonstrated to faithfully represent many-body potential functions able to describe chemically complex and reactive solutes in helium environments seamlessly from one He atom up to bulk helium at the accuracy level of coupled cluster electronic structure calculations. Together, these advances allow for converged quantum simulations of fluxional and reactive solutes in superfluid helium under cryogenic conditions.
Long-term changes in masticated woody fuelbeds in northern California and southern Oregon, USA
Authors: Reed Warren P. , Varner J. Morgan , Knapp Eric E. , Kreye Jesse K.
Published: June 2020

Mechanical mastication is a fuels treatment that shreds midstorey trees and shrubs into a compacted woody fuel layer to abate fire hazards in fire-prone ecosystems. Increased surface fuel loading from mastication may, however, lead to undesirable fire intensity, long-duration flaming or smouldering, and undesirable residual tree mortality. Two major questions facing fuels managers are: how long do masticated fuels persist, and how does the composition of masticated fuelbeds change over time? To evaluate these changes, we measured 25 masticated sites with a range of vegetation, species masticated and time since treatment (1–16 years) in the western US. Seven of the 25 sites were sampled nearly a decade earlier, providing a unique opportunity to document fuelbed changes. Woody fuel loading ranged from 12.1 to 91.9Mg ha−1 across sites and was negatively related to time since treatment. At remeasured sites, woody fuel loads declined by 20%, with the greatest losses in 1- and 10-h woody fuels (69 and 33% reductions in mass respectively). Reductions were due to declines in number of particles and reduced specific gravity. Mastication treatments that generate greater proportions of smaller-diameter fuels may result in faster decomposition and potentially be more effective at mitigating fire hazard.
Critical period regulation across multiple timescales
Authors: Reh Rebecca K. , Dias Brian G. , Nelson Charles A. , Kaufer Daniela , Werker Janet F. , Kolb Bryan , Levine Joel D. , Hensch Takao K.
Published: June 2020

Brain plasticity is dynamically regulated across the life span, peaking during windows of early life. Typically assessed in the physiological range of milliseconds (real time), these trajectories are also influenced on the longer timescales of developmental time (nurture) and evolutionary time (nature), which shape neural architectures that support plasticity. Properly sequenced critical periods of circuit refinement build up complex cognitive functions, such as language, from more primary modalities. Here, we consider recent progress in the biological basis of critical periods as a unifying rubric for understanding plasticity across multiple timescales. Notably, the maturation of parvalbumin-positive (PV) inhibitory neurons is pivotal. These fast-spiking cells generate gamma oscillations associated with critical period plasticity, are sensitive to circadian gene manipulation, emerge at different rates across brain regions, acquire perineuronal nets with age, and may be influenced by epigenetic factors over generations. These features provide further novel insight into the impact of early adversity and neurodevelopmental risk factors for mental disorders.
Phosphorylation barcode-dependent signal bias of the dopamine D1 receptor
Authors: Kaya Ali I. , Perry Nicole A. , Gurevich Vsevolod V. , Iverson T. M.
Published: June 2020

Significance

The functional importance of receptor phosphorylation in GPCR regulation has been demonstrated. Over the past decade, the phospho-barcode concept was developed to explain the multidimensional nature of the arrestin-dependent signaling network downstream of GPCRs. Here, we used the dopamine-1 receptor (D1R) to explore the effect of receptor phosphorylation on G protein-dependent and arrestin-dependent ERK and Src activation. Our studies suggest that D1R intracellular loop-3 phosphorylation affects both G proteins and arrestins. Differential D1R phosphorylation can direct signaling toward ERK or Src activation. This implies that phosphorylation induces different conformations of receptor and/or bound arrestin to initiate or select different cellular signaling pathways.
Second language comprehensibility as a dynamic construct
Authors: Trofimovich Pavel , Nagle Charles L. , O’Brien Mary Grantham , Kennedy Sara , Taylor Reid Kym , Strachan Lauren
Published: June 2020

This study examined longitudinal changes in second language (L2) interlocutors’ mutual comprehensibility ratings
(perceived ease of understanding speech), targeting comprehensibility as a dynamic, time-varying, interaction-centered construct.
In a repeated-measures, within-participants design, 20 pairs of L2 English university students from different language backgrounds
engaged in three collaborative and interactive tasks over 17 minutes, rating their partner’s comprehensibility at 2–3 minute
intervals using 100-millimeter scales (seven ratings per interlocutor). Mutual comprehensibility ratings followed a U-shaped
function over time, with comprehensibility (initially perceived to be high) being affected by task complexity but then reaching
high levels by the end of the interaction. The interlocutors’ ratings also became more similar to each other early on and remained
aligned throughout the interaction. These findings demonstrate the dynamic nature of comprehensibility between L2 interlocutors
and suggest the need for L2 comprehensibility research to account for the effects of interaction, task, and time on
comprehensibility measurements.
Expanding the scope of L2 intelligibility research
Authors: Nagle Charles L. , Huensch Amanda
Published: June 2020

This study investigated relationships among intelligibility, comprehensibility, and accentedness in the speech of
L2 learners of Spanish who completed a prompted response speaking task. Thirty native Spanish listeners from Spain were recruited
through Amazon Mechanical Turk to transcribe and rate extracted utterances, which were also coded for grammatical and phonemic
errors, and speaking rate. Descriptively, although most utterances were intelligible, their comprehensibility and accentedness
varied substantially. Mixed-effects modeling showed that comprehensibility was significantly associated with intelligibility
whereas accentedness was not. Additionally, phonemic and grammatical errors were significant predictors of intelligibility and
comprehensibility, but only phonemic errors were significantly related to accentedness. Overall, phonemic errors displayed a
stronger negative association with the listener-based dimensions than grammatical errors. These findings suggest that
English-speaking learners of Spanish are not as uniformly intelligible and comprehensible as FL instructors might believe and shed
light on relationships among speech constructs in an L2 other than English.
Dielectric function decomposition by dipole interaction distribution: application to triclinic K2Cr2O7
Authors: Sturm C , Höfer S , Hingerl K , Mayerhöfer T G , Grundmann M
Published: June 2020

Here we present a general approach for the description for the frequency dependent dielectric tensor coefficients for optically anisotropic materials. Based on symmetry arguments we show that the components of the dielectric tensor are in general not independent of each other. For each excitation there exists an eigensystem, where its contribution to the dielectric tensor can be described by a diagonal susceptibility tensor. From the orientation of the eigensystem and the relative magnitude of the tensor elements, the dipole interaction distribution in real space can be deduced. In the limiting cases, the oriented dipole approach as well as the tensor of isotropic and uniaxial materials are obtained. The application of this model is demonstrated exemplarily on triclinic K2Cr2O7 and the orientation and directional distribution of the corresponding dipole moments in real space are determined.
Lexical analysis of technical terms in the field of materials science
Authors: Kandrashkina O O , Revina E V
Published: June 2020

The article presents lexico-morphological analysis of terminology in the research articles on materials science. The article considers lexical features distinguished in scientific texts. The main purpose of the paper is to reveal the most frequent and productive types of word formation used in making specialized words and terms in technical English. For carrying out the linguistic study the analysis of the immediate constituents has been applied. Special attention is given to affixation, composition and contraction as the means of forming new words in the materials science engineering. Compounding or composition has been regarded as an important source of forming new words. Compound adjectives functioning as attributes are found to be primarily used for describing materials physical and chemical properties, conditions and stages of the experiments. Derivational units include borrowed and native productive or non-productive frequent affixes connected with different scientific notions. The study has been carried out on the technical terms and vocabulary from the journals “Advanced engineering materials” and “Advanced composite materials”.
Significance of specially protected nature areas in protection of resource potential of urbanized regions (the case of Volgograd region)
Authors: Starokozheva G I , Mitrofanova I V , Batmanova V V
Published: June 2020

Strengthening of the functional role of cities in the development of regions is always associated with a change in local geographical characteristics connected with the joining of the areas beyond the fixed boundaries of urbanized territories. As a result of this process, the areas occupied by natural ecosystems are reduced, new resources are involved into the technogenic use, and the natural potential of the neighboring territories is exhausted and depleted. That is why such a method of resources’ protection as conservation of nature areas is of a particular importance for the regions with a high level of urbanization, for example, Volgograd region. The main idea of the article determined the logic and methods of research. The cartographic analysis made it possible to distinguish specially protected nature areas of the region according to their location in respect of urbanized administrative entities. On the basis of the statistical processing of the data found in the reports of the authorized regional authority, the current state and dynamics of development of specially protected nature areas are found according to categories, level of subordination, number, areas, types of resources’ diversity. Particular attention is paid to the degree of vulnerability and to the threats of the impact of human activity on nature and resource potential of specially protected nature areas when the cities are spatially planned. Attention is also paid to the ways of protection from negative effects. The study showed that the limitation of anthropogenic processes within the boundaries of specially protected nature areas makes it possible to preserve thousands of biological resources from destruction, protect hundreds of water sources from pollution, and provide a compliance of “friendly” human habitat to industrial and technological requirements. As a result, the article proves high importance of specially protected nature areas as a way of conservation of the natural potential of Volgograd region. It also determines the relevant tasks of security activities and methods for its effectiveness growth.
Selective toxicity of functionalised graphene oxide to patients-derived glioblastoma stem cells and minimal toxicity to non-cancerous brain tissue cells
Authors: Costa Pedro M , Mei Kuo-Ching , Kreuzer Martin , Li Yueting , Neveen Hosny A , Grant Vivien , Festy Frederic , Pollard Steven M , Al-Jamal Khuloud T
Published: June 2020

Glioblastoma (GBMs) is an aggressive type of brain tumour, driven by immature neural stem cell-like cells that promote tumour growth and underlie resistance to conventional therapy. The GBM stem cells (GSCs) can exist in quiescent or dormant states and infiltrate widely into surrounding brain tissues, currently incurable with only around one-year median survival. Innovative therapeutic strategies for GBMs are urgently needed. Here we explore functionalized graphene oxide (GO) to assess their value as delivery vehicles for GBM therapeutics. Interactions and cellular responses were assessed in vitro using both classic cell lines and patient derived GSCs. Association between the functionalised GO and established GBM cell lines (serum grown ‘non-stem’ cells) was strong and resulted in decreased cell viability, increased cell oxidative stress, and changes in lipids composition in a concentration-dependent manner. Responses were more moderate in GSCs and were only observed at highest functionalised GO concentrations. However, no significant toxicity was detected in brain astrocytes and endothelial cells. These results indicate selective toxicity to highly proliferative GBM cell lines and patient GSCs, with minimal toxicity to normal neural cells and brain tissue. We conclude that a novel class of GBM-targeting graphene-based nanocarriers could be useful delivery vehicles for GBM therapeutics.
Effect of nitrogen in the properties of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating on Ti6Al4V substrate
Authors: Almeida L S , Souza A R M , Costa L H , Rangel E C , Manfrinato M D , Rossino L S
Published: June 2020

The great interest in the study of diamond-like carbon films (a-C:H) is justified by its mechanical and tribological properties. However, the high internal stress of the film results in its difficult adhesion to the metallic substrate, which can be solved by nitrogen incorporation in the a-C:H film, allowing a formed film of lower internal stress. The objective of this work is to evaluate the influence of flow (20, 30 and 40sccm), CH4/Ar ratio (90/10 and 70/30) and voltage (400, 500, 600 and 700 V) in the a-C:H formation. For the best condition of the film, we studied the effect of nitrogen incorporation in the hardness and wear resistance of the a-C:H(N), modifying the nitrogen percentage in the treatment at 10% to 60% N2. The treatments were carried out in the Ti6Al4V substrate by DC-PECVD for two hours. For good adhesion of the films on the substrate, a silicon interlayer must be produced. The increase in the voltage above 600 V increases the ID/IG and film thickness, causing its delamination, and the gas ratio did not influence the a-C:H characteristics. The a-C:H film deposited with 30 sccm, 90/10 and 500 V was characterized as a-C:H (hard), with properties such as the hardness of 17 GPa, 30% H, 39% sp3 and ID/IG ratio of 0.58. Since nitrogen reduced the deposition rate, the total gas flow for the production of a-C:H(N) was performed with 40 sccm. The Raman spectra of a-C:H(N) films showed changes in D band intensity and displacement in relation to the nitrogen-free film spectrum, evidencing the incorporation of nitrogen in the film. The XPS analysis showed the linear increase of the nitrogen incorporation in the a-C:H(N) film with the increase of the amount of the N2 gas in the treatment, which caused, in general, a decrease in the amount of C–C sp3 bonding, increasing the adhesion of the film in the substrate and not necessarily the low wear resistance of the formed film.
Microstructure and tensile properties of the different thickness ASSAPH440 high strength steel/DC52D+ZF45 galvanized cold rolled sheet dissimilar metal welding joint by CO2 laser welding for automobile manufacturing
Authors: Luo J , Gao J J , Lin H X , Fan Y H , Ran Y , Yin H , Geng H B
Published: June 2020

In order to adapt to the development trend of a lightweight automobile and meet the safety requirements of key automotive parts, it is necessary to study the relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties of the dissimilar and different thickness materials welded joint. In this work, a dissimilar welded joint of high strength vehicle steel ASSAPH440 with 2.0 mm thickness/galvanized cold rolled sheet DC52D+ZF45 with 2.6 mm thickness formed by CO2 laser welding was studied. The microstructure of the welded joint was analyzed by metallographic structure and mechanical properties were discussed in terms of their tensile strength and microhardness. The results indicated that a high-quality welded joint with an average tensile strength of 643 MPa and an elongation of 22.7% was obtained at a welding speed of 30 mm s−1 and the laser power of 2200 w in CO2 laser welding, the tensile strength of laser welded joint was more than that of the both based metals. The center of the welding seam was composed of slender lath martensite with a few small white pieces of ferrite. The microstructure of the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) on the DC52D+ZF45 side was smaller than that of the HAZ on the ASSAPH440 side, and its mechanical properties were superior. The highest microhardness was obtained at the center of the cross section of the welding seam, and the microhardness of the welding seam on the DC52D+ZF45 side was higher than that of the welding seam on the ASSAPH440 side. The tensile fracture appeared at the base metal of DC52D+ZF45 steel as a result of the strength of ASSAPH440 was more than that of DC52D+ZF45. The performance of the laser welded joint met the technical requirements of automobile manufacturing engineering.
Fundamental bound for time measurements and minimum uncertainty clocks
Authors: Gambini Rodolfo , Pullin Jorge
Published: June 2020

We present a simple argument leading to a fundamental minimum uncertainty in the determination of times. It only relies in the uncertainty principle and time dilation in a gravitational field. It implies any attempt to measure times will have a fundamental level of uncertainty. Implications are briefly outlined.