bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tourism and illness
Authors: Reid Daniel
Published: December 2011

Synopsis

The occurrence of an outbreak of Legionnaires' Disease among members of a package tour who had stayed in Benidorm, Spain, in 1973 gave an insight into some of the hazards encountered by tourists abroad.

Subsequent surveys of travellers returning to Scotland have been carried out and of 2,211 persons questioned 43% had been ill during their stay abroad or shortly after return. Package holidaymakers reported most symptoms and university personnel least. Alimentary disorders accounted for the majority of illnesses but respiratory difficulties were recorded by 16% of those who were ill. Tourists to North Africa were particularly affected. Most attributed their illnesses to problems associated with food, drink or excessive sunbathing.
Intestinal infections in travellers
Authors: Geddes A. M.
Published: December 2011

Synopsis

Diarrhoea caused by intestinal infections is the commonest symptom affecting travellers particularly those from developed countries with temperate climates who are visiting less advanced countries in tropical and subtropical parts of the world. It can be troublesome, embarrassing and sometimes incapacitating and has spoiled many holidays.

The infections are almost invariably contracted from food or water although the primary source is usually man, frequently a food handler who is a faecal carrier of one or more pathogenic organisms and whose personal hygiene is inadequate. In many tropical countries human faeces (‘night soil’) is used to fertilise crops especially vegetables such as lettuce and if these are eaten uncooked or unwashed intestinal infection may result.

Infective diarrhoea in travellers may be caused by bacteria, viruses or certain protozoal organisms. Bacterial aetiological agents include Salmonellae, Shigellae, Vibrio cholerae and also certain strains of Escherichia coli which are capable of producing enterotoxins. These enterotoxins are potent causes of diarrhoea in travellers. Recently recognised as a bacterial cause of intestinal infection in travellers are campylobacter species. The protozoa which cause travellers' diarrhoea are Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia, the latter organisms being a common cause of chronic diarrhoea in recent travellers. A number of recently recognised viruses have been associated with diarrhoea in travellers, the most notable being rotaviruses.

The above micro-organism;, cause disease in the intestinal tract by different pathogenic mechanisms which are described in this paper.

The prevention of travellers' diarrhoea, especially the use of chemoprophylaxis, is a controversial topic which is discussed.

It has been estimated that approaching one thousand million people will travel annually on commercial airlines by the end of the present decade. Many will be transported to tropical and subtropical countries and it is, therefore, an opportune time to consider the present topic.
Communication and disease
Authors: Carter Ian D.
Published: December 2011

Synopsis

Being a healthy traveller involves communication in more than one sense of the word.

Health administrations have a responsibility to prevent illness associated with international travel and trade without undue interference to these inevitable activities. Past experience of travel-associated disease transmission should determine epidemiologically justified and cost-effective preventive measures.

The aeroplane transmits disease faster but should not become the scapegoat for travel-associated ill health. Viral influenza can spread rapidly because of air travel but the latter's role in transmission of diseases such as cholera and smallpox in the past or viral haemorrhagic fevers in the future may not be clear cut.

Surveillance activities are essential to enable the earliest possible detection of disease because measures taken with the intention of keeping a disease out of a country cannot be foolproof. Frank and rapid exchange of information between national epidemiological services is essential for effective control of international spread of diseases.

National health administrations have an obligation to provide travellers with reliable information. A specific programme co-opting the medical profession, travel agencies of every form and the media is necessary.

The World Health Organisation should collaborate with national health administrations in the prevention of disease associated with travel.
Perspective
Authors: Last F.T.
Published: December 2011

Robert Burns’ poem ‘My Heart's in the Highlands’ confirms that deer have been an important element of the Scottish Highlands for many years. But, what is distinctive about them? They can be separated from other vertebrates by an array of characteristic features including the absence of a gall-bladder, the doubling of the lachrymal orifice and the development of deciduous bony outgrowths of the frontal base of the skull—the antlers. In his paper, Lincoln discusses the shedding and regeneration of antlers with associated spring minimal, and autumn maximal, concentrations of testerone. He also describes how, in most young stags, antler formation will proceed unaided with successive annual developments being triggered by a healing response to the wound formed when the old antlers are cast. In other congenitally antler-less stags (hummels), it seems that antler formation can be induced in perpetuity by wounding antler pedicels, each of a pair needing to be damaged separately.
Nutrition of red deer for meat production
Authors: Kay R. N. B. , Milne J. A. , Hamilton W. J.
Published: December 2011

Synopsis

Red deer are now being farmed for meal production on an intensive scale. They are manageable, adaptable and healthy animals, and. with care and good nutrition, they become far more productive than wild deer.

Their digestive efficiency resembles that of sheep. Productive activities caking and lactation, fattening and antler growth occur in summer when food is plentiful and depend on endocrine and metabolic cycles entrained by day length. Dietary energy needs of deer are similar to those of cattle but higher than those of sheep: however, because young deer store little fat, they produce lean meat as efficiently as sheep.

Deer produce rich milk: the growth of sucking calves reflects the supply of nutrients available to their dams. In winter, calves benefit from shelter: nonetheless, their growth and appetite decline, even when day length is experimentally lengthened. While good nutrition improves winter growth, this is costly: furthermore, improved winter growth is followed by somewhat poorer growth during the succeeding summer. Slaughter of calves at 6 months of age rather than 16 months may allow greater efficiency of meat production.

Deer carry 50%more muscle than sheep, much of it in their well-priced haunch. Cahes deposit little fat until half grown: adults lose their summer fat during the rut and winter. The lean character of venison well matches modern consumer requirements.
Malignant catarrhal fever of deer
Authors: Reid H. W. , Buxton D.
Published: December 2011

Synopsis

Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is reviewed and recent findings described. It is defined as a fatal disease which affects many species of Bovidae and Cervidae, characterized by widespread necrosis and lymphoid cell proliferation and can be caused by at least two infectious agents. In Africa, a herpesvirus which infects its natural host, the wildebeest, without obvious symptoms causes substantial losses in cattle due to MCF. Elsewhere, the cause of MCF is unknown but circumstantial evidence implicates sheep as the source of infection. While cattle are infected only sporadically with this “sheep-associated” form ol disease, infection of farmed deer is common, representing the most serious disease threat to the industry.

It is considered that infection of sheep and wildebeest with their respective agents operates to their advantage, causing no disease in their natural host, while transmission to other ungulates has fatal consequences, eliminating these potentially competitive species.

Recent studies of the disease in deer and the transmission of MCF from deer to rabbits are described. The evidence suggests that the disease process involves a novel dysfunction of the immune system which results in a massive lymphoid proliferation and an atopic allergic response. It is considered that similar processes may also be involved as a component of other diseases of man and animals.
Rumen Function in Red Deer, Hill Sheep and Reindeer in the Scottish Highlands
Authors: Hobson P. N. , Mann S. O. , Summers R. , Staines B. W.
Published: December 2011

Synopsis

Red deer, sheep and reindeer grazing on their normal hill ranges were examined at intervals over a period of four years. Samples from the digestive tract were taken at different seasons and processed in the field. The Red deer and reindeer were killed before samples were taken; rumen samples from the sheep were taken by stomach tube, but a number of animals were also killed at different seasons to correlate stomach tube and whole rumen samples. The animals sampled were representative of the general condition of the herds. Examinations were made for parasites and any pathological conditions. In most instances parasitic infections were slight. Apparent seasonal changes were found in the compositions of the diets. The Red deer and sheep ate principally heather and grass, the proportion of heather increasing in the winter. The reindeer ate mainly grass in the summer, with lichens and grass forming the winter diet, and these animals seemed to have a higher nutritional status in the winter than did the other two species. The weights of the animals and of their rumen contents, the concentrations of rumen ammonia and volatile fatty acid, and the rates at which different dietary components were fermented are recorded. Rumen fermentation was low in winter and the diets were generally inadequate for the animals. A lack of nitrogen seemed to be a major factor.

Some data on caecal contents are also given.
Salmon Farming—An Industrial Research Approach
Authors: Young R.
Published: December 2011

SYNOPSIS

This paper describes an industrial research approach to fish farming and illustrates where appropriate how it differs from the research strategy employed by universities and governmental bodies. To illustrate this the Unilever experience of the establishment of salmon farming from a research concept to a production and marketing operation is discussed in detail. Three separate phases in the process of establishing industrial fish farming were undertaken and were entitled ‘Biological, Technological and Commercial’. The research programme involved in each of these phases is described in detail.

The salmon farming cycle which was arrived at after the biological phase is described in detail. The technological phase involved the translation of this biological phase into a viable farming operation. This enabled a computerised cost model of the salmon farming process to be built. This identified the six or seven crucial areas which had to be improved if the enterprise was to be profitable—the commercial phase.

To demonstrate the way the nature of the research programme has changed during the period 1968–76 a graph is given showing the main discipline involved in each year and how these have changed over that period.
Synodical Government and the Legislative Process
Authors: Slack Stephen
Published: December 2011

This article reviews the exercise of the legislative function of the General Synod of the Church of England over the last 25 years. Beginning with a summary of the principles of synodical government in the Church of England, it goes on to describe the establishment of the Synod, its composition and its functions. The different forms of legal provision available to the Synod in exercise of its legislative function are then considered, followed by an account of the impact of the Human Rights Act, the procedures applicable to the conduct of legislative business and the role of Parliament in the legislative process. After an assessment of the general pattern of synodical legislation over the last 25 years, the main areas of legislative change during that period are reviewed. The article ends with an assessment of possible areas for future legislative activity.
General Assembly of the Church of Scotland
Authors: Cranmer Frank
Published: December 2011

As usual, the General Assembly's debates ranged very widely: from a call by the Church's social care organisation, CrossReach, for visitors' centres to be established in all Scottish prisons to a plea for more ministers to consider a career in military chaplaincy. Several specific items may be of interest to readers of this Journal.
Re-assessment of the conservation status of Malawi’s ‘Endangered’ Yellow-throated Apalis Apalis flavigularis
Authors: MZUMARA TIWONGE I. , HOCKEY PHILIP A. R. , RIDLEY AMANDA R.
Published: December 2011

The forest-associated Yellow-throated Apalis Apalis flavigularis is the only bird endemic to Malawi. The species is confined to three mountain massifs in the south of the country and is classified as globally ‘Endangered’. This study re-evaluates its conservation status by assessing its population size and habitat preferences on Mount Mulanje, where forest patches are threatened by illegal logging and an increasing frequency of uncontrolled fires. These fires also cause a proliferation of invasive plant species, especially the Himalayan yellow raspberry Rubus ellipticus. We surveyed the Yellow-throated Apalis in 41 forest patches during the breeding season. The apalises favoured forest edge habitat, occurring in forest patches as small as 0.01 ha. Their occurrence was positively correlated with the presence of R. ellipticus, although this relationship may be driven primarily by canopy architecture and the existence of an understorey shrub layer. At a conservative estimate, 7,900 Yellow-throated Apalises were calculated to be present in cedar forest habitat alone on Mount Mulanje. Given that the birds occurred in other native forests at the same altitude at densities of 8.6–10.9 birds ha-1, the true population size on Mount Mulanje alone is likely to approach or even exceed IUCN’s most optimistic estimate of the global population (10,000).
Reproductive success of the threatened Reed ParrotbillParadoxornis heudeiin non-harvested and harvested reedbeds in the Yangtze River estuary, China
Authors: BOULORD ANTHONY , MEI ZHANG , TIAN-HOU WANG , XIAO-MING WANG , JIGUET FRÉDÉRIC
Published: December 2011

Understanding the factors that affect the nesting success of threatened birds is essential in designing effective conservation strategies. Here we compare nesting success of the Reed ParrotbillParadoxornis heudeiin annually harvested and non-harvested reedbed habitats in the Chongming Dongtan Nature Reserve in China, by recording the number of nestlings produced per nest and the causes of nest failure. We modelled daily nest survival rate (DSR) by considering the effects of harvesting, vegetation characteristics, year, date, advancement within the breeding season, nest age and nearest-nest distance, using the program MARK. Nest densities, but not the number of fledglings per nest, were significantly lower in harvested than non-harvested reedbed habitats. The best-fit DSR model estimated constant survival; none of the tested co-variables had significant effects. Moreover, harvesting did not affect the date of breeding initiation, likelihood of nest failure, or causes of nest failure, as vegetation cover was not significantly different between harvested and non-harvested reedbeds during the whole breeding season. Nest failure following adverse weather conditions was unusually common in harvested and non-harvested reedbeds, accounting for as many nest failures as depredation. However, comparisons with other studies suggest that deriving a conclusion on the impact of harvesting on nesting success is not straightforward and is probably linked to environmental characteristics affecting reed growth.
A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial of Computerized CBT (SPARX) for Symptoms of Depression among Adolescents Excluded from Mainstream Education
Authors: Fleming Theresa , Dixon Robyn , Frampton Christopher , Merry Sally
Published: December 2011

Background: Adolescents excluded from mainstream education have high mental health needs. The use of computerized Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (cCBT) has not been investigated with this group. Aims: To test the efficacy of the SPARX cCBT programme for symptoms of depression among adolescents in programmes for students excluded or alienated from mainstream education. Method: Adolescents (32; 34% Maori, 38% Pacific Island, 56% male) aged 13–16 with Child Depression Rating Scale Revised (CDRS-R) scores indicating possible through to almost certain depressive disorder were randomized to SPARX to be completed over the following 5 weeks (n = 20) or to waitlist control (n = 12). Assessments were at baseline, 5 weeks and 10 weeks. Those in the wait condition were invited to complete SPARX after the 5 week assessment. Results: Most participants (n = 26, 81%) completed at least 4 levels of SPARX and 22 (69%) completed all 7 levels. Among the 30 (94%) participants who began treatment as randomized and provided 5-week data, significant differences were found between cCBT and wait groups on the CDRS-R (baseline to 5-week mean change –14.7 versus –1.1, p<.001), remission (78% vs. 36%, p = .047) and on the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale (–4.6 vs. +3.2 p = .05) but not on other self-rating psychological functioning scales. In intent-to-treat analyses CDRS-R changes and remission remained significant. Gains were maintained at 10-week follow-up. Conclusions: SPARX appears to be a promising treatment for students with symptoms of depression who are in alternative schooling programmes for those excluded from mainstream education.
An Emissary from Akbar to ‘Abbās I: Inscriptions, Texts, and the Career of Amīr Muḥammad Ma‘ṣ;ūm al-Bhakkaī
Authors: Choksy Jamsheed K. , Hasan M. Usman
Published: December 2011

It has been suggested that all historical sources are subjective from their inception and that authors' styles, commitments and views determine the bases of historical writings. Claude Lévi-Strauss has ventured so far as to claim: “Besides, historical fact has no objective reality. It only exists as a result of a retrospective construction undertaken by people who have lived the events they speak of in a purely arbitrative sense.” Indeed, historical narratives are fraught with danger when used as sources of actual information, for factual accuracy often does not extend to validity in representation of events. Formal histories such as dynastic chronicles were particularly vulnerable to misrepresentation. They usually were composed either with the intent of flattering the rulers who served as patrons of the author's efforts - and, hence, reflect royal ideology and imperial propaganda - or as a means of disparaging and vilifying the royal house
Homer in India: the Birth of the Buddha
Authors: Duncan J. , Derrett M.
Published: December 2011

This study has a limited object, but it touches upon a pregnant theme. Not long ago it was supposed that Indian texts which resembled Western were either so clearly older than the latter that, if contact could be posited, the latter must have learnt from the former, or the themes must be testimony to a common inheritance of the sundered portions of an Indo-European “race”. The relative dates of texts have come into question, and the prospect that Indian authors could have been inspired, at least in part, by Western authors (obvious in some contexts) is no longer alarming. That Buddhist authors could have learned from Judaeo-Christian stories is no longer surprising, or baffling.A later movement of Buddhist stories westwards is proved (as is well known) by the story ofBarlaam and Ioasaphattributed to St John Damascene; and I recently stumbled across a piece of Buddhist mythology adapted to a Jewish situation. 4 Since this is the immediate cause of the present disclosure a very brief summary is needed.
New Evidence for the Jagannātha Cult in Seventeenth Century Nepal
Authors: Guy John
Published: December 2011

The Kathmandu valley in the seventeenth century was very prosperous, the bulk of its wealth derived from the trade which flowed through the valley between Tibet and the Indian plains. The ancient urban centres of the valley, Kathmandu, Patan and Bhaktapur had emerged early in the century as three separate kingdoms. The tradition of jointrulership, whereby rule of each city-state was shared between branches of the ruling Malla dynasty had collapsed. The three kingdoms were engaged in constant rivalry which intermittently spilt over into open hostility and which consumed much of their energy and wealth. Yet it was also this rivalry which stimulated an era of generous royal patronage of the priesthood and the sponsoring of majorpūjāsand religious festivals, together with the building of new palaces and temples dedicated to the rulers' favourite deities. Support was extended not only to the artists commissioned to decorate the palaces and shrines, but also to poets, writers and musicians who found their work being encouraged, particularly when Nepalese court life underwent something of a renaissance under Mithila influence. This activity reached a peak during the reign of the enlightened and cultured King Pratapamalla of Kathmandu (1641–74), and under that of his contemporary and rival, King Jagatprakas'amalla of Bhaktapur (1643–72).
The Indian Travels of William Hodges
Authors: Tillotson G. H. R.
Published: December 2011

By the ghats in Benares, a young woman appears at the head of a small procession composed of her relations, some priests and a band of musicians. The procession moves towards the corpse of a man, draped in cloth and laid out at the edge of the river. They are observed by an Englishman who experiences a mixture of emotions: his horror and moral outrage do not entirely destroy his delight that he is about to witness an instance of what he considers a most fascinating Hindu custom–sati. The date is October 1781, and the Englishman is the artist William Hodges.
A Fifteenth-Century Chinese Diplomat in Herat
Authors: Hecker Felicia J.
Published: December 2011

In 1405 Sino–Iranian relations hit a nadir. Tīmūr (1336?–1405), never one to bother with the niceties of diplomacy, had detained and executed Chinese ambassadors sent to his court by the Ming emperors Hung-wu (r. 1368–98) and Yung-lo (r. 1403–24) in 1395, 1402 and 1403, had amused himself by regularly insulting Emperor Hung-wu, publicly calling him the “Pig Emperor”, and had finally decided to invade China to claim it for himself and Islam. Fortunately, for all concerned, Tīmūr drank himself into a stupor on the night of 18 February 1405 and expired at his base camp at Utrār where his troops were assembling for their march to China. The Chinese campaign was immediately abandoned as succession suddenly became a more pressing matter. It would continue to occupy Timurid energies until 1411 when Tīmūr's fourth son, Shāhrukh (1377–1447) gained control of the empire.
H.J. Polotsky (1905–1991): Linguistic Genius
Authors: Ullendorff Edward
Published: December 2011

H. J. Polotsky was my teacher at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem for four years in the 1930s and my friend and mentor and scholarly critic for 53 years. It is difficult for me to speak or write about him without a measure of personal involvement and indeed emotion. In the humanities he was a polymath, as a student of languages he was, I believe, without parallel in this generation. He could appear austere to those not well acquainted with him; he was a man of few words but many thoughts and great profundities. His style in all languages was exquisite and witty; his letters were invariably full of humour and his aphorisms pithy, widely admired, and never forced. He did not suffer fools gladly, but he mellowed with age and developed much tolerance even towards the majority of mankind who could contemplate his mastery with awe – yet never emulate it. While he and I lived in the same city, Jerusalem, for five years only, we were in wellnigh constant communication by letter (more about that correspondence, in part now published, anon), by meetings (often extending over many weeks), and in more recent years by telephone. When I was in error, even in senectute, he could be as sharply reproving as he had been towards the immature undergraduate – and such frankness was not only welcomed, but it had always been of the very essence of our relationship. In a book of reminiscences of Jerusalem in the 1930s I had written of the difficulty of envisaging a future deprived of his guidance and counsel and had expressed the hope that such a contingency would not arise until senility had numbed the blow for me. Alas, this was not to be: he died shortly before his 86th birthday. When his son telephoned me with the sad news on 10 August 1991, I found some consolation in the task of editing his letters in the manner prescribed by him earlier; and that book was published just six months after his death.
The English Honours System in Princely India, 1925–1947
Authors: McLeod John
Published: December 2011

In 1893, the Government of India revised the handbook for the officials who conducted its relations with the Indian States. The new edition included a chapter on titles and ceremonial because of “the great importance of these matters in Indian Political business”. Modern scholars agree that what we now call “honours” and “civic ritual” are worthy of study; and Stern's monograph on Jaipur State, and Dirks's on Pudukkottai, are only two of the many recent works that have noted the central role that titles and ceremonial played in the relationship between the British Paramount Power and the princes and chiefs of India.
Storm from the East: a Review Article
Authors: Haining Thomas Nivison
Published: December 2011

These words of the thirteenth-century Hungarian chronicler, Bishop Thomas of Spalato, are not untypical of many descriptions of the consequences of the creation of the Mongol nation (ulus) by Chinggis Khan in 1206 and the subsequent expansion of the Chinggisid Empire. They accord with the popular concept of the Mongol hordes, known by Europeans of the thirteenth century as the Tartars, and believed to be the descendants of Gog and Magog who had broken forth from behind the Alexandrian Iron Gates at Derbend to destroy European culture and Christianity.
A New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land
Authors: Freeman-Grenville G. S. P.
Published: December 2011

This work is a truly splendid and remarkable achievement. It greatly enlarges and brings up to date the Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land, 4 vols, 1975–8, edited by the late Michael Avi-Jonah and by Ephraim Stern, on whom the prophet's mantle has now fallen. It provides a detailed catalogue raisonne of all the archaeological excavations in the Holy Land. This is defined in a pragmatic way, that is to say, the ancient Palestine, and so modern Israel and Jordan, some parts of Lebanon and Syria under Israeli control, and a number of sites in the Sinai peninsula. Given that in Israel archaeology is a national hobby, and that numerous foreign agencies are likewise at work, British, French, German, Italian and United States as well as others, such an encyclopaedia can only mark a stage in Holy Land archaeology, for it is of its nature an on-going process.
The Rise of Tīmūr and Western Diplomatic Response, 1390–1405
Authors: Knobler Adam
Published: December 2011

Tīmūr (or Tamerlane), the Barlas tribesman whose empire stretched from the Mediterranean to India in the early fifteenth century has been a much studied and much romanticized figure in the history of Central Asia. His displays of macabre and often brutal intimidation of enemies have become almost as legendary as his military prowess. Indeed, Western legend of Tīmūr is as full of spine-tingling grotesquerie as any Gothic novel, and has been embellished far beyond plausibility.
Whatever Happened to Tan Sitong's Wife?—A Footnote in Modern Chinese History
Authors: Kwong Luke S. K.
Published: December 2011

Tan Sitong's summary execution at the close of the Hundred Days Reform (1898) inadvertently threw his wife, Li Run, into the public limelight. Following the September coup, theGuowen bao(National News) in Tianjin carried a story, entitled “Tan liefu zhuan” (Biography of the virtuous woman Tan), in which Li allegedly committed suicide by slashing her throat on learning of her husband's fate. She died broken-hearted, it was said, in protest against the wicked court ministers responsible for Tan's death. The story was quickly reprinted inQingyi bao(The China Discussion), a periodical which Liang Qichao, a reformer in exile, started in Yokohama, Japan, as one prong of his anti-Qing campaign. The report on Li's demise continued to circulate. Twenty years later, when the Chinese scholar, Yi Zhongkui, compiled hisXin shishuo(Sequel toNew Account of Tales of the World), he included a short biography of Li Run, based on theGuowen baoaccount. More recently, in herChinese Women in a Century of Revolution 1850–1950, Ono Kazuko refers to the suicide story and wisely cautions about its veracity. But she adduces no evidence to confirm what actually did happen to Li Run in 1898.
Two Seventeenth-Century Central Asian Travellers to Mughal India
Authors: Foltz Richard
Published: December 2011

Among the few published Central Asian sources of the seventeenth century are two very unusual Persian-language accounts by Central Asians of their stays in Mughal India: the memoirs of Mutribi al-Asamm Samarqandi, and the travelogue of Mahmud b. Amir Wali. Written in stylistically different but distinctly personal voices untypical for their time, these accounts offer the modern reader valuable first-person insight into the minds and outlooks of their authors and shed light on the nature of how Muslims in Asia thought about their world and its boundaries.
Leigh Hunt's Oriental Motifs – Abou Ben Adhem
Authors: Jones Russell
Published: December 2011

On an October day in 1869 Lord Houghton, friend of Thackeray and Tennyson, appeared in the cemetery at Kensal Green, in West London. He was there to unveil a tomb memorial to the poet Leigh Hunt; this was surmounted by a bust, and bore the legend:

It is not really surprising that place of honour on Leigh Hunt's tomb is taken by a quotation from “his exquisite little fable ‘Abou ben Adhem’” which “has assured him a permanent place in the records of the English language”,1 and whose “touch of glory, like a sacred flame on a clear and graceful altar, has captured the succeeding generations”.2 The poet himself, Leigh Hunt, regarded this poem as one of his best.3 It is recorded that a friend presented to him an illuminated copy of it, which he hung above his writing table.4
Tibet 1924: A Very British Coup Attempt?
Authors: McKay A. C.
Published: December 2011

In the course of my research into the character, role and influence of the British officials in Tibet during the 1904–47 period, it became apparent that previous scholarship had failed fully to confront an issue which would explain the clear decline in Anglo-Tibetan relations during the latter half of the 1920s. There is considerable evidence to suggest that the British officer then in immediate charge of Anglo-Tibetan relations attempted to promote acoup d'étatin Tibet, in order to transfer secular power from the Dalai Lama and his court to Tsarong Shape, the forward-thinking Commander-in-Chief of the Tibetan Army. This possibility has been rejected by the leading European historians of the period, but their conclusions are, I will argue, in need of reassessment.
Prester John redivivus: a review article
Authors: Jackson Peter
Published: December 2011

The development of the Prester John legend and matters associated with it are complex, and no significant work of book length in English has appeared on the subject since V. Slessarev's Prester John. The Letter and the Legend (1959). The recent publication of a collection of texts and interpretive essays will therefore be warmly welcomed. The texts are among those published by Zarncke in the Abhandlungen der königlichen sāchsischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, vii (1879), and include the famous “letter” of Prester John, together with a note by Hamilton on additional Latin manuscripts that have since come to light. The essays comprise both reprints of work that has appeared over the past five decades and six fresh studies that now see the light of day for the first time.
Indian Writings on Early History and Archaeology of Southeast Asia: A Historiographical Analysis
Authors: Basa Kishor K.
Published: December 2011

“The recognition as well as interpretation of archaeological evidence will always be biased and incomplete. There can be no archaeologically achieved final truths or wholly objective interpretations. But to recognize such limitation is not to reduce the subject to a set of mere perceptual constructs. Archaeology is a societal activity that embodies both the residues of its past and its changing attitudes towards the past. We call the residues evidence and the attitudes interpretation. The continuing dialogue between the two enables archaeology, always open to new questions, to reveal new knowledge.”
Dance of Viṣṇu: the spectacle of Tamil Āvārs
Authors: Kalidos Raju
Published: December 2011

Is Viṣṇu Naṭarāja? yes, according to the (Vaiṣṇava saints of the Tamil country) Viṣṇu is Naṭaraja. The pan-Indian tradition associates two important forms of Viṣṇu with dance. They are Kāliyamardana and rāśaknḍa, merry making sports of Kṣīs. According to the Cilappatikāram (Kaṭalāṭukātai 11. 37–63) Viṣṇu presents mal while fighting with a demon, alliyam (a group dance) at the time rendition of KaṆsa, kuṭam as Trivikrama, pēṆi as the eunuch Kāmadeva, an aspect of Viṣṇu, and pāvai is performed by Tiru, Śrīdevī, consort of Viṣṇu. This seems to be an ancient tradition (c. 5th century A. D.), reiterated by the . The are Vaiṣṇava mystics of the Tamil bhakti age, in total twelve in number. They have contributed enormously to literature, grouped under the heading, Nālāyiratiwiyapirapantam “4000 Melodious Hymns” (cf. Hardy 1983: 247–50; Settar 1993: 223–40; Kalidos 1993: 181–88). The twelve are authors of 24 literary pieces, dated during the 5th–9th centuries A.D. The are grouped under three chronological heads as follows:
Portuguese in Sri Lanka: influence of substratum languages
Authors: de Silva Jayasuriya Shihan
Published: December 2011

Sri Lanka Portuguese Creole is considered to fall within the group of Indo-Portuguese Creoles, which were Portuguese-based Creoles that once flourished around coastal India and Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka Portuguese Creole arose when the Portuguese established trading posts and fortresses in Sri Lanka from 1517 onwards. The purpose of this paper is to examine critically the influence of substratum (indigenous) languages on Sri Lanka Portuguese Creole.
Arjuna and the Second Function: A Dumézilian Crux
Authors: Allen N.J.
Published: December 2011

Arjuna is in many ways the central character of the Mahābhārata, the great Sanskrit epic. By order of birth he is the third among the Pāṇḍavas, the five sons of Pānḍu, who represent the forces of cosmic order. When, after humiliation and exile, the Pānḍ;avas finally triumph, primogeniture prevails, and it is the eldest brother, Yudhisfhira, who takes the throne; but in other respects, Arjuna is usually a more salient figure than his dutiful eldest brother. Thus it is to Arjuna that Krishna addresses his teaching in the Bhagavad Gitā (part of Book 6 of the Epic). Moreover although Pānḍu ispaterto the five brothers, each has his own divinegenitor, and thegenitorof Arjuna is Indra, king of the gods in the classical pantheon. A paper about Arjuna is a paper about a major figure in Hindu tradition.
A Plan of Nakhon Sri Thammarat (Southern Thailand) of c. 1825 in the Collection of the Royal Asiatic Society
Authors: Munro-Hay S. C.
Published: December 2011

In 1824 the governor of the important southern Siamese city of Nakhon Sri Thammarat, and of the large region which fell under Nakhon's jurisdiction, was chao phraya Nakhon (Noi). He ruled the city from 1811–39 and was a man of extraordinary character, a vigorous and determined ruler who was reputed to be the son of a former king of Siam, Taksin. This attribution of royal birth was current in his own lifetime, and was recorded by Henry Burney in 1826, and by Lieutenant James Low a little later (Munro-Hay, in press). At that time the British, at war with Burma, Siam's western neighbour, were concerned by developments relating to the Rangoon expedition, and it was determined to send an envoy from the Government of India on a mission to the Siamese governor to discuss outstanding problems and possible co-operation.
Two Ethiopic dirges on the deaths of Queen Anne (1714) and Queen Mary (1694)
Authors: Ullendorff Edward
Published: December 2011

In the summer of 1994 I received two communications from Mr Brad Sabin Hill, head of the Hebrew Section of the British Library. The first letter enclosed a copy of a Carmen Aethiopicum sive ‘әṭanä mogär whose most remarkable feature is that it is printed in Hebrew characters (“ob defectum Typorum, Literis Hebraicis expressum”). This composition of eleven lines forms part of a volume entitled Carmina Funebria & Triutnphalia Mis Serenissimam ac Desideratissimam Reginam Annam Deflet, Cantabrigiae MDCCXIV.
Ibn al-Azraq, hisTa'rīkh Mayyāfāriqīn,and early Islam
Authors: Robinson Chase F.
Published: December 2011

Scholars have known of Ibn al-Azraq and hisTa'rikh Mayyāfāriqinsince at least 1882, with the publication of F. Wiistenfeld'sDie Geschichtschreiber der Araber und ihre Werke, but it seems that the history received its first thorough reading in 1902, when Amedroz published a summary of the recently acquired British Museum (now British Library) manuscript. Amedroz concentrated only on the latter folios of the MS, particularly those that cover the Marwanid dynasty, and in his interest in the second half of the work he has been followed by B. A. L. Awad, who edited the section on the Marwaīnids, C. Hillenbrand, who edited and translated the 18-odd folios that concern the early Artuqids, and A. Savran, who made some brief comments on the two MSS of the history. It is of course natural that the later sections of Ibn al-Azraq's work have attracted historians' attention, since it is here that our author, who was born in 510/III6–7, and who probably died sometime during the last quarter of the sixth century, has important things to say about northern Mesopotamia in his day. For this reason his history was used by later authors;8 as Hillenbrand has noted,9 here he fills a gap in the historical record.
Working with Van der Tuuk: Some British Links in the Development of Indonesian Studies
Authors: Marrison G. E.
Published: December 2011

Dutch scholars honoured the centenary of one of their great Orientalists at a conference in Leiden in August 1994. Their aim was “to commemorate Hendrik Neubronner Van der Tuuk, the first linguistic fieldworker, and also the first Austronesian comparative linguist in the Netherlands, who died at the age of 70 on August 17, 1894”. In the United Kingdom too, we have inherited a share of his work and influence.
Love, Poetry and Renunciation: Changing Configurations of the Ideal ofSuki
Authors: Pandey Rajyashree
Published: December 2011

Anyone familiar with classical Japanese literature cannot but be struck by the rich array of terms such asmono no aware, yugen, wabiandsabi, to mention just a few, which are regarded as being central to the understanding of Japanese artistic theory and practice. These categories were not, of course, essentialist and unchanging. They were dynamic concepts which were subject to major transformations. These transformations illuminate important aspects of Japan's cultural history.
The Genealogical Seal of the Mughal Emperors of India
Authors: Gallop Annabel Teh
Published: December 2011

The genealogical seal of the Mughal emperors of India was one of the most potent symbols of Mughal imperial authority. The distinctive design of the seal - a central circle containing the name of the ruling emperor, surrounded by a series of smaller circles, like satellites in orbit, containing the names of his ancestors up to Timūr (1336–1405) each preceded by the filiative ibn - was a self-evident masterpiece of imperial symbolism, in which the authority of the ruling emperor was both legitimised and enhanced by the deliberate reference to his illustrious ancestors. The inscription was designed to be read starting with the ruling emperor's name in the middle, then moving into the outer circle to the name of his immediate predecessor (at 1 o'clock) and, continuing clockwise, finishing up at Timur, who always had pride of place at the top of the seal. In this way, each ruler was expressed as the son of his predecessor, while at the same time, from his central position abutting all the smaller circles, the ruling emperor could be read symbolically as the “son” of each of his ancestors.
The Sāda in History: A critical essay on Ḥaḍramī historiography
Authors: Knysh Alexander
Published: December 2011

In attempting to write a religious and political history of Ḥaḍramawt in the Middle Ages one inevitably encounters a number of methodological and historiographical problems some of which will be addressed in the present article. The first arises from the overall scarcity of historical documentation on the period in question. More importantly, the sources that are available are riddled with underlying agendas and biases, which often hinge on considerations of genealogy and clannish honour. These genealogical or clannish agendas and biases are evident in the sources dealing with practically every aspect of Ḥaḍrami history. However, they are especially conspicuous in the historical texts which describe the spread of the Shāfi'ī school of law in Ḥaḍramawt, the cult of local saints and the origins of local religious and educational institutions. In my recent study of Ḥaḍramī shrines and seasonal pilgrimages, I have brought out the genealogical underpinnings of the theological polemic around the cult of local holy men and women - a polemic that grew especially intense in the first decades of our century and flared up with a vengeance during the recent civil war between the Northern and Southern parts of unified Yemen. In this paper I will demonstrate how these hidden agendas have manifested themselves in the historical accounts of Ḥaḍramī Islam with special reference to the rise of the Shāfi'īmadhhaband the dissemination of Ṣūfism.
Royal Asiatic Society Treasurer's Report 2006
Authors: Naylor Kit
Published: December 2011

Both the Society's financial results for 2005 which you have before you, and the financial performance for the current year are, obviously, dominated by the cost of the move from 60 Queen's Gardens to 14 Stephenson Way, together with the cost of the transformation of 14 Stephenson Way so that it meets the Society's various requirements.
LONG-RUN OPTIMAL BEHAVIOR IN A TWO-SECTOR ROBINSON–SOLOW–SRINIVASAN MODEL
Authors: Khan M. Ali , Mitra Tapan
Published: December 2011

This paper studies the nature of long-run behavior in a two-sector model of optimal growth. Under some restrictions on the parameters of the model, we provide an explicit solution of the optimal policy function generated by the optimal growth model. Fixing the discount factor, we indicate how long-run optimal dynamics changes as a key technological parameter (labor output ratio) changes. For a particular configuration of parameter values, we also provide an explicit solution of the unique absolutely continuous invariant ergodic distribution generated by the optimal policy function.
CREEPING FLOW PAST A POROUS APPROXIMATELY SPHERICAL SHELL: STRESS JUMP BOUNDARY CONDITION
Authors: SRINIVASACHARYA D. , KRISHNA PRASAD M.
Published: December 2011

The creeping flow of an incompressible viscous liquid past a porous approximately spherical shell is considered. The flow in the free fluid region outside the shell and in the cavity region of the shell is governed by the Navier–Stokes equations. The flow within the porous annular region of the shell is governed by Brinkman’s model. The boundary conditions used at the interface are continuity of the velocity, continuity of the pressure and Ochoa-Tapia and Whitaker’s stress jump condition. An exact solution for the problem and an expression for the drag on the porous approximately spherical shell are obtained. The drag is evaluated numerically for several values of the parameters governing the flow.
Hidden and Visible Star Formation: new insights from Herschel
Authors: Buat V. , Giovannoli E. , Heinis S. ,   the HerMES team
Published: December 2011

Herschel opens a large field of investigations on the hidden star formation in galaxies. Combining UV and far-IR rest-frame data allows us to measure all the star formation in galaxies and to estimate the net dust attenuation. The analysis can be performed from the local universe using far-IR and GALEX surveys to high z (up to z < 2) by combining deep U data with the Herschel observations of the HerMES project.

The calibration of dust attenuation, and then star formation rate, is reinvestigated. We present the results of the first analyses performed with Herschel data obtained in the Lockman and COSMOS fields as part of the HerMES project and discuss the reliability of dust attenuation corrections.
Environmental Effects on Galaxy Luminosity Functions in Clusters
Authors: Durret Florence , Adami Christophe , Laganá Tatiana F.
Published: December 2011

The formation and evolution of galaxies is strongly influenced by environment, particularly in clusters, where galaxy luminosity functions vary in shape with the dynamical state of the cluster (relaxed or in various stages of merging), with the photometric band considered and with the position in the cluster. We present here results concerning the optical GLFs in several relaxed and merging clusters.
Shaken, not Stirred: the Ancestry of the Starburst Galaxy NGC 253
Authors: Davidge T. J.
Published: December 2011

Near-infrared images obtained with WIRCam are used to investigate the recent history of the starburst galaxy NGC 253. The distribution of stars in the disk is lopsided, with the projected density of young and intermediate age stars in the north east portion of the disk higher than on the opposite side of the galaxy. Bright AGB stars are also detected out to 15 kpc above the disk plane. Comparisons with models suggest that the extraplanar stars formed over a broad range of ages, suggesting that the disk of NGC 253 was disrupted by a tidal encounter.
Cold Dust and its Heating Sources in M 33
Authors: Komugi Shinya , Tosaki Tomoka , Kohno Kotaro , Tsukagoshi Takashi , Tamura Yoichi , Miura Rie , Onodera Sachiko , Kuno Nario , Kawabe Ryohei , Nakanishi Koichiro , Sawada Tsuyoshi , Ezawa Hajime , Wilson Grant W. , Yun Min S. , Scott Kimberly S. , Hughes David H. , Aretxaga Itziar , Perera Thushara A. , Austermann Jason E. , Tanaka Kunihiko , Muraoka Kazuyuki , Egusa Fumi
Published: December 2011

We have mapped the nearby face-on spiral galaxy M 33 in the 1.1 mm dust continuum using AzTEC on Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment (ASTE). The preliminary results are presented here. The observed dust has a characteristic temperature of ~ 21 K in the central kpc, radially declining down to ~ 13 K at the edge of the star forming disk. We compare the dust temperatures with KS band flux and star formation tracers. Our results imply that cold dust heating may be driven by long-lived stars even nearby star forming regions.