bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental and numerical analysis of cord–elastomer composites
Authors: Weiser Stephan , Lehmann Thomas , Landgraf Ralf , Goldberg Niels , Donner Hendrik , Ihlemann Jörn
Published: May 2021

In this paper, experimental and numerical investigations on cord–elastomer composites are presented. A finite-element model is introduced, which was developed within the framework of an industrial project. The model is able to simulate an elastomer matrix with inserted cords as load bearing elements and to predict the strains and stresses in cord and elastomer sections. The inelastic material behavior of the elastomer matrix and the yarns is described by corresponding material models suitable for large deformation processes. With the help of a specially developed demonstrator bellows, which is similar to an air spring, the simulation results are compared with experiments. For this purpose, the digital image correlation method is used to determine the deformations on the outer surface of the demonstrator bellows and to calculate the strains on and between the cords. The comparison of the results shows that the employed simulation method is very well suited to predict the strains in these cord–elastomer composites.
Facing up to security and privacy in online meetings
Authors: Botha Reinhardt , Furnell Steven
Published: May 2021

One of the most noticeable effects of the Covid-19 pandemic from the technology perspective has been the significant uptake of online meeting platforms, which many have suddenly found to be a necessary alternative to face-to-face meetings in all manner of contexts. From relatively casual meetings that may have taken place among co-workers in the office, through to the staging of full conference events, online platforms have essentially come to the rescue when in-person gatherings were no longer an option.

There has been a significant uptake of online meeting platforms for everything from casual meetings to full conference events. In many cases, this has been driven by a rapid transition to home working.

However, with a significant number of people becoming first-time users, it caught a user population that was unprepared and unaware of what good security looked like. Additionally, with home working, they may have had no easy option to turn to for support. Reinhardt Botha and Steven Furnell examine the challenges that have arisen and how they can be addressed.
When is the right time to outsource your security function?
Authors: Dodds Scott
Published: May 2021

The structure of IT security teams varies across different businesses. Of those that have a dedicated in-house security team, many roles are involved – CISO, risk and compliance groups, security ops centre, threat intelligence teams and malware analysis teams to name a few. This complex division of responsibilities may work harmoniously, but what happens when one element fails?

In-house security teams involve many roles – CISO, risk and compliance groups, security ops centre, threat intelligence teams and malware analysis teams to name a few.

This complex division of responsibilities may work harmoniously, but what happens when one element fails? Scott Dodds of Ultima MSP argues that outsourcing a business's security function to a managed service provider (MSP) could provide the ability to deliver greater compliance and greater efficiency of cyber security solutions. But how easy is it to effectively outsource the security function?
Gay Guerrilla
Authors: Borden David , Chessa Luciano , Packer Renee Levine , Dohoney Ryan , Hanson-Dvoracek Andrew , Hill R. Nemo , Mendez Matthew , Thomas John Patrick , Gann Kyle
Published: May 2021

Composer-performer Julius Eastman (1940-90) was an enigma, both comfortable and uncomfortable in the many worlds he inhabited: black, white, gay, straight, classical music, disco, academia, and downtown New York. His music, insistent and straightforward, resists labels and seethes with a tension that resonates with musicians, scholars, and audiences today. Eastman's provocative titles, including Gay Guerrilla, Evil Nigger, Crazy Nigger, and others assault us with his obsessions.<BR Eastman tested limits with his political aggressiveness, as recounted in legendary scandals he unleashed like his June 1975 performance of John Cage's Song Books, which featured homoerotic interjections, or the uproar over his titles at Northwestern University. These episodes areexamples of Eastman's persistence in pushing the limits of the acceptable in the highly charged arenas of sexual and civil rights. In addition to analyses of Eastman's music, the essays in Gay Guerrilla provide background on his remarkable life history and the era's social landscape. The book presents an authentic portrait of a notable American artist that is compelling reading for the general reader as well as scholars interested in twentieth-century American music, American studies, gay rights, and civil rights.  Contributors: David Borden, Luciano Chessa, Ryan Dohoney, Kyle Gann, Andrew Hanson-Dvoracek, R. Nemo Hill, Mary Jane Leach, Renée Levine Packer, George E. Lewis, Matthew Mendez, John Patrick Thomas Renée Levine Packer's book This Life of Sounds: Evenings for New Music in Buffalo received an ASCAP Deems Taylor Award for excellence. Mary Jane Leach is a composer and freelance writer, currently writing music and theatre criticism for the Albany Times-Union.
When Contract’s Basic Assumptions Fail
Authors: Dagan Hanoch , Somech Ohad
Published: May 2021

Modern contract law accords considerable significance to the basic assumptions on which a contract is made. It thus takes to heart a failure of a belief whose truthfulness is taken for granted by both parties. Where the failure results from the parties’ mistake at the time of formation, “the contract is voidable by the adversely affected party,” if that mistake “has a material effect on the agreed exchange of performances” and unless that party “bears the risk of the mistake.”1 Where, in turn, the failure of such a basic assumption results from the parties’ erroneous beliefs about future states of the world, a party’s duty to render performance may be discharged if they are not responsible for the supervening impracticability or frustration and “unless the language or the circumstances indicate the contrary.”2
Pathogen-specific changes in composition and quality traits of milk from goats affected by subclinical intramammary infections
Authors: Bezerra Andreia B. , de Leon Candice M. C. G. , Givisiez Patrícia E. N. , Silva Núbia M. V. , Santos Filho Lauro , Pereira Walter Esfraim , Pimenta Filho Edgard C. , Azevedo Paulo S. , Oliveira Celso J. B.
Published: May 2021

We investigated the effects of pathogens associated with subclinical intramammary infections on yield, composition and quality indicators of goat milk. By means of a longitudinal study, individual half udder milk samples (n = 132) were collected at different lactation periods and assessed for milk yield and physicochemical composition, somatic cell count (SCC), total bacteria count (TBC) and microbiological culture. Staphylococci species accounted for the great majority of the isolates (96.1%). Intramammary infections significantly reduced fat and total solids in goat milk and increased both SCC and TBC. However, these indicators were significantly higher in udder halves affected by S. aureus compared with other staphylococci species.
From David Burrell CSC to Sara Grant RSCJ: The distinctive relation between creature and Creator in Christian theology
Authors: Soars Daniel
Published: May 2021

I focus in this article on the work of the contemporary Thomist, David Burrell, and the ways in which he is influenced particularly by Robert Sokolowski and Kathryn Tanner in his articulation of thesui generisrelation between creature and Creator. By paying close attention to Burrell's work on the metaphysics of creation I show how the notions of ‘distinction’ and ‘relation’ cannot be separated in his understanding of the world-and-God. I then examine how Thomas's own thinking through of these issues was carried out in engagement with voices from outside the Christian tradition and, finally, explore Burrell's invitation to extend the conversation beyond Abrahamic frontiers by turning to the work of a lesser-known Thomist scholar – Sara Grant.
A state-wide audit of unhealthy sponsorship within junior sporting clubs in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Martino Florentine , Chung Alexandra , Potter Jane , Heneghan Tara , Chisholm Melanie , Riesenberg Devorah , Gupta Adyya , Backholer Kathryn
Published: May 2021

Objective:

To systematically audit the extent of unhealthy sponsorship within junior community sporting clubs and ascertain whether differences exist across geographical areas and sport types.

Design:

Club sponsorship data were assessed to determine the extent of unhealthy food/beverage, alcohol and gambling sponsorship using a cross-sectional design. Differences across geographical areas were assessed using logistic regressions.

Setting:

A stratified random sampling procedure was used to select thirty communities across the state of Victoria, Australia. Within each community, local clubs across the top eight participating junior sports were selected for audit.

Participants:

Sponsorship data were collected from 191 club websites and Facebook pages in September–November 2019.

Results:

Unhealthy sponsorships represented 8·9 % of all identified sponsorship arrangements. A quarter of all clubs accepted alcohol (25·6 %) and unhealthy food sponsors (25·9 %), and one-fifth of all clubs accepted high-risk food (unhealthy brands with large market share) (18·1 %) and gambling sponsors (20·4 %). Acceptance of unhealthy sponsorship differed across sport types with football, netball, cricket and soccer clubs having the greatest numbers. Compared with metro areas, a significantly greater proportion of sporting clubs in regional areas were affiliated with unhealthy food (32·7 % v. 19·6 %) and high-risk food sponsors (26·9 % v. 9·8 %). A higher proportion of clubs in low socio-economic status (SES), compared with the high SES areas, were affiliated with alcohol (33·9 % v. 16·5 %) and gambling sponsors (27·4 % v. 12·6 %).

Conclusion:

Victorian children participating in community junior sports are being exposed to marketing of unhealthy brands and products. Public health intervention is necessary to protect children from this exposure.
Validation of the FRESH Austin food frequency questionnaire using multiple 24-h dietary recalls
Authors: Jovanovic Christine ES , Whitefield Jacob , Hoelscher Deanna M , Chen Boajiang , Ranjit Nalini , van den Berg Alexandra E
Published: May 2021

Objective:

The purpose of the current study was to examine the validity of an FFQ utilised in the Food Retail: Evaluating Strategies for a Healthy Austin (FRESH Austin) study, designed to evaluate changes in the consumption of fruits and vegetables (FV) in diverse low-income communities in Austin, TX.

Design:

The FRESH Austin FFQ was validated against three 24-h dietary recalls (24hDR). All dietary assessments were administered (in-person or by telephone) by trained investigators.

Setting:

Recruitment was conducted at sites within the geographic areas targeted in the FRESH Austin recruitment. People at a community health clinic, a local health centre and a YMCA within the intervention area were approached by trained and certified data collectors, and invited to participate.

Participants:

Among fifty-six participants, 83 % were female, 46 % were non-White, 24 % had income < $25 K/year and 30 % spoke only/mostly Spanish at home.

Results:

The FFQ and average of three 24hDR produce similar estimates of average total servings/d across FV (6·68 and 6·40 servings/d, respectively). Correlations produced measures from 0·01 for ‘Potatoes’ and 0·59 for ‘Other Vegetables’. Mean absolute percentage errors values were small for all FV, suggesting the variance of the error estimates was also small. Bland–Altman plots indicate acceptable levels of agreement between the two methods.

Conclusion:

These outcomes indicate that the FRESH FFQ is a valid instrument for assessing FV consumption. The validation of the FRESH Austin FFQ provides important insights for evaluating community-based efforts to increase FV consumption in diverse populations.
Is bioelectrical impedance vector analysis a good indicator of nutritional status in children and adolescents?
Authors: Almeida Yohanne L , Costa Maia Carla S , Barros Natássia ERP , Moreno Luis A , Carioca Antônio Augusto F , Loureiro Adriano CC
Published: May 2021

Objective:

The study objective is to propose bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) ellipses for the population and investigate its use to assess nutritional status through the BMI/age ratio and the cardiovascular risk through waist circumference (WC).

Design:

Age, weight, height and WC were recorded, along with the values of resistance (R), reactance (Xc) and phase angle (PA) by impedance. Student’s t test and ANOVA were applied to ascertain the significance between means and a specific programme was applied to investigate the significance between ellipses.

Setting:

Fortaleza, Brazil.

Participants:

A total of 467 students from public schools participated in the study: 120 children and 347 adolescents were evaluated, with respective means of age, weight and height of 8·2 years, 27·6 kg and 1·29 m and 12·7 years, 48·6 kg and 1·53 m, respectively.

Results:

The mean values of R/H, Xc/H and PA were 569·0 and 424·7 Ohm/m, 59·1 and 50·4 Ohm/m, and 5·9º and 6·8º for children and adolescents, respectively. The mean vectors for R/H and Xc/H show significant differences between for both age ranges and are inversely proportional to the BMI/A. As for WC, individuals without cardiovascular risk had higher R/H and lower Xc/H, but Xc and R in participants without cardiovascular risk were greater than with cardiovascular risk.

Conclusions:

It was possible to propose confidence and tolerance BIVA ellipses for children and adolescent’s clinical evaluation. The method was also suitable to identify cardiovascular risk ellipses in these age groups, but it was not possible to draw nutritional classifications ellipses by BMI/age data.
Sources of nutrition information for Indonesian women during pregnancy: how is information sought and provided?
Authors: Rahmawati Widya , van der Pligt Paige , Willcox Jane C , Worsley Anthony F
Published: May 2021

Objective:

Adequate and appropriate nutrition education is expected to contribute towards preventing risk of child stunting and maternal overweight/obesity. Understanding women’s information-seeking behaviours is an important key step for health professionals and departments of health in order to improve the development of optimal and targeted nutrition education during pregnancy. This study investigated the experience of Indonesian women in seeking and receiving nutritional information during pregnancy and its relationship to women’s socio-demographic and pregnancy characteristics.

Design:

An online cross-sectional study.

Setting:

Malang City, Indonesia.

Participants:

Women who had given birth within the past 2 years (n335).

Results:

All women in this study sought or received food and nutrition information from multiple sources, including social and health professional contacts and media sources. The women frequently discussed nutrition issues with their family, particularly their husband (98·2 %) and mother or mother-in-law (91·6 %). This study identified four groups of sources based on women’s search habits. Women from high socio-economic strata were more likely to discuss food and nutrition issues or received nutrition information from obstetricians, their family or online sources (adjustedR2= 26·3 %). Women from low socio-economic strata were more likely to receive nutrition information from midwives, health volunteers or Maternal and Child Health books (adjustedR2= 14·5 %).

Conclusions:

A variety of nutrition information sources needs to be provided for women from different socio-economic strata. Involvement of family members in antenatal nutrition education may improve the communication and effectiveness of young mothers’ dietary and nutrition education.
Stratigraphy of volcanic rock successions of the North Atlantic rifted margin: the offshore record of the Faroe–Shetland and Rockall basins
Authors: JOLLEY David W. , MILLETT John M. , SCHOFIELD Nick , BROADLEY Lena , HOLE Malcolm J.
Published: May 2021

The integration of biostratigraphical, wireline log, geophysical and available geochronological ages has identified two principal periods of volcanism in the Faroe–Shetland and Rockall basins. The first is pre-breakup, upper Danian to lower Thanetian: in the Rockall and Faroe–Shetland basins, isolated volcanic activity from 62 Ma to 58.7 Ma is identified in areas closely linked to the SSW–NNE structural fabric of the continental margin. Volcanic activity was concentrated at basin flank fissures and localised point sources. This rift-flank volcanism led to widespread volcanic ash deposition, localised lava flow fields and the formation of igneous centres. Some of the Hebridean and onshore central complexes (e.g., Rum) were uplifted and rapidly eroded during the later pre-breakup period, while additional accommodation space was developed in the adjacent offshore basins. Onset and termination of pre-breakup volcanism is correlated to intra-plate stress regimes in Europe, following the cessation of convergence of Africa and Europe in the Danian. The second is syn-breakup, upper Thanetian to Ypresian, initiated at ca.57 Ma in the Rockall and Faroe–Shetland basins. Initial high-volume extrusive igneous successions were focussed to the W in the Faroe–Shetland Basin. In the centre and E of the Faroe–Shetland and Rockall basins, separate eruption loci developed along pre-existing lineaments either as fissure or point-sourced lava fields. Short-term cessation of eruption at ~55.8 Ma was followed by resumption of flood basalt eruptions and a shift in focus to the NW. Fluctuations in the syn-breakup eruption tempo are reflected in the formation and subsequent rejuvenation of prominent unconformities, only previously recognised as a single erosive event. The W and northward shift of eruption focus, and the eruption of mid ocean ridge basalt-type lavas in the syn-breakup period reflect the onset of lithospheric thinning in the nascent North Atlantic Rift prior to flooding of the rift and eruption of the widespread lower Ypresian Balder Formation tephras.
RADIUS – ein verhaltenstherapeutisches blended treatment in der Suchtbehandlung
Authors: Bertino Martina , Gevers Mario
Published: May 2021

Was ist zu diesem Thema bekannt?

Im blended treatment wird Onlinetherapie nicht mehr als stand-alone-Technik angewandt, sondern im Face-to-Face-Setting. Ziel ist die Verbindung der Vorteile aus beiden Ansätzen.

Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht?

CRA und RADIUS zeigen einen Prototyp des blended treatments in der Behandlung von Abhängigkeitserkrankungen. Dabei zeigen sich neue Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten und mehr Flexibilität für die Nutzer_innen.

Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis?

Die Möglichkeit der ambulanten therapeutischen Arbeit wird aus mulitprofessioneller Perspektive erweitert. Die psychotherapeutische Zusammenarbeit kann Pflegende einbinden und die Behandlungsmöglichkeiten erweitern.
Daily Fluctuations in Motivation
Authors: Bellhäuser Henrik , Mattes Björn , Liborius Patrick
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are related to learning success and academic achievement of university students. Process models of self-regulated learning (SRL) suggest that daily academic motivation is affected by study satisfaction on the previous day. In this study, we conducted a secondary analysis of the data by Liborius et al. (2019) , in which the study behavior of a total of 105 students was surveyed daily over 154 days (including both the lecture period and non-lecture period). We tested a mediation model, assuming that SRL components (planning, self-efficacy, time investment, concentration, effort, and procrastination) increase intrinsic motivation and decrease extrinsic motivation on the next day through their effects on study satisfaction. The results showed the proposed mediation effects for all predictors except for planning. The study underlined the importance of investigating SRL and motivation on a daily level. Further, we showed that effects can vary between the lecture period and non-lecture period.
Development and Validation of the Perceived Societal Marginalization Scale
Authors: Bollwerk Michael , Schlipphak Bernd , Back Mitja D.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Current societal conflicts are characterized by identity struggles and discontent concerning globalization and modernization. While the literature identifies several psychological determinants of this discontent, systematic measurement approaches based on well-defined constructs are rare. Here, we present the development and validation of the Perceived Societal Marginalization (PSM) scale, which aims to assess individual differences in people’s subjective perceptions of the insignificance and lack of recognition of their own social groups in the domains of economy, culture, and politics. We first provide a definition of PSM and a conceptual analysis of its components based on (a) a top-down review of relevant psychological, sociological, and political science theories and (b) a bottom-up approach involving semi-structured group interviews with various German citizen associations followed by qualitative content analysis. We then present the results of psychometric validation of the PSM scale (factor structure, reliability) based on three large online surveys with heterogeneous samples (total N = 2,566) and explore sociodemographic, personality, and attitudinal correlates. The discussion focuses on applications of the PSM scale, that is, the role of PSM in explaining societal cleavages as well as threat perceptions towards and rejection of cultural, ethnic, and religious minorities.
The Day Evaluation Q-Sort
Authors: Miller Travis J. , Ozer Daniel J.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The Day Evaluation Q-sort (DEQ) is a measure designed to describe the day as it is experienced. In two undergraduate samples ( Ns = 472 and 302), this research explores how the day is described, and how the evaluation of the day relates to personality attributes and to time spent in various daily activities. We find that individuals tend to describe their days as generally positive and productive, and that day evaluations are related to psychological attributes (Big Five traits, affect, and well-being) and time use. Day evaluations are not simply a reflection of the activities that make up the day. Two people spending their time similarly may evaluate the day differently. The DEQ is presented as a measure of day evaluations that captures variation in the way the day is experienced. These differences relate meaningfully to individual differences and how time is spent throughout the day.
The Key Role of Production Efficiency Changes in Livestock Methane Emission Mitigation
Authors: Chang Jinfeng , Peng Shushi , Yin Yi , Ciais Philippe , Havlik Petr , Herrero Mario
Published: May 2021

The livestock sector is the largest source of anthropogenic methane emissions and is projected to increase in the future with the increased demand for livestock products. Here, we compare livestock methane emissions and emission intensities, defined by the amount of methane emitted per unit of animal proteins, estimated by different methodologies, and identify mitigation potentials in different regions of the world based on possible future projections. We show that emission intensity decreased for most livestock categories globally during 2000–2018, due to an increasing protein‐production efficiency, and the IPCC Tier 2 method should be used for capturing the temporal changes in the emission intensities. We further show that efforts on the demand‐side to promote balanced, healthy, and environmentally sustainable diets in most countries will not be sufficient to mitigate livestock methane emissions without parallel efforts to improve production efficiency. The latter efforts have much greater mitigating effects than demand‐side efforts, and hence should be prioritized in a few developing countries that contribute most of the mitigation potential.
A 360-degree View of Crustal Magmatic Systems
Authors: Masotta Matteo , Beier Christoph , Mollo Silvio
Published: May 2021

A new book presents an overview of crustal magmatic systems and explores variations within these systems through analytical, experimental, and numerical approaches.
Limitations in One‐Dimensional (an)Elastic Earth Models for Explaining GPS‐Observed M2 Ocean Tide Loading Displacements in New Zealand
Authors: Matviichuk Bogdan , King Matt A. , Watson Christopher S. , Bos Machiel S.
Published: May 2021

GPS observations of ocean tide loading displacements can help infer the regional anelastic properties of the asthenosphere. We estimate M2 ocean tide loading displacements at 170 GPS sites in New Zealand and compare these to modeled values using a range of numerical tide and radially symmetric (1D) elastic and anelastic Earth models. Regardless of the model combination, we are unable to reduce the strong spatial coherence of the M2 residuals across the North Island where they reach 0.4 mm (2%). The best fit in the North Island is obtained when combining the FES2014b tide model with spatially variable ocean density and water compressibility, and the STW105 Earth model. The residuals exhibit a change of ∼0.3 mm in magnitude between the Taupo Volcanic Zone and the east coast (∼100 km), suggesting that this region's laterally varying, shallow rheological structure may need to be considered to explain these observations.
Effects of intermittent (5:2) or continuous energy restriction on basal and postprandial metabolism: a randomised study in normal-weight, young participants
Authors: Gao Yangfan , Tsintzas Kostas , Macdonald Ian A. , Cordon Sally M. , Taylor Moira A.
Published: May 2021

Background/objectives

Intermittent energy restriction (IER) may overcome poor long-term adherence with continuous energy restriction (CER), for weight reduction. We compared the effects of IER with CER for fasting and postprandial metabolism and appetite in metabolically healthy participants, in whom excess weight would not confound intrinsic metabolic differences.

Subjects/methods

In a 2-week randomised, parallel trial, 16 young, healthy-weight participants were assigned to either CER (20% below estimated energy requirements (EER)) or 5:2 IER (70% below EER on 2 non-consecutive days; 5 days at EER, per week). Metabolic and appetite regulation markers were assessed before and for 3 h after a liquid breakfast; followed by an ad libitum lunch; pre- and post-intervention.

Results

Weight loss was similar in both groups: −2.5 (95% CI, −3.4, −1.6) kg for 5:2 IER vs. −2.3 (−2.9, −1.7) kg for CER. There were no differences between groups for postprandial incremental area under the curve for serum insulin, blood glucose or subjective appetite ratings. Compared with CER, 5:2 IER led to a reduction in fasting blood glucose concentrations (treatment-by-time interaction, P = 0.018, η2p = 0.14). Similarly, compared with CER, there were beneficial changes in fasting composite appetite scores after 5:2 IER (treatment-by-time interaction, P = 0.0003, η2p = 0.35).

Conclusions

There were no significant differences in postprandial insulinaemic, glycaemic or appetite responses between treatments. However, 5:2 IER resulted in greater improvements in fasting blood glucose, and beneficial changes in fasting subjective appetite ratings.
The consumption of low-calorie sweetener containing foods during pregnancy: results from the ROLO study
Authors: Conway Marie C. , Cawley Shona , Geraghty Aisling A. , Walsh Niamh M. , O’Brien Eileen C. , McAuliffe Fionnuala M.
Published: May 2021

Background/objectives

Women with gestational diabetes (GDM) are advised to adapt a low glycaemic index (GI) diet, which may impact consumption of low-calorie sweeteners (LCS). LCS are increasingly popular as they add sweetness without contributing calories. This study aims to investigate the reported intakes of LCS-containing foods in women during pregnancy.

Subjects/methods

Pregnant women recruited for the ROLO study were included in this analysis (n = 571). Women were randomised to receive either an intervention of low-GI dietary advice or usual antenatal care. Women completed a 3-day food diary in each trimester. Nine LCS-containing food groups were identified, and the quantity (g/day) consumed was calculated.

Results

One-third of all pregnant women consumed LCS across each trimester of pregnancy. Of those in the intervention group who were LCS consumers in trimester 1, 71.6% were consumers in trimester 2, and 54.1% remained consumers in trimester 3. In the control group, less women remained consumers in trimester 2 and 3 at 58.1% and 41.9%, respectively. In trimester 2, following the dietary intervention, the proportion of LCS consumers in the intervention group was significantly higher than the proportion of consumers who were in the control group (p < 0.001). The most commonly consumed food groups were low-calorie fruit drinks, diet-cola drinks, and low-calorie yoghurts.

Conclusions

One-third of pregnant women consumed LCS. The proportion of LCS consumers increased in the intervention group compared to the control group. Further research is needed to determine exposure levels to individual LCS, and the effect of prenatal exposure to LCS on maternal and child health outcomes.
Cytokine expression patterns in hospitalized children with Bordetella pertussis, Rhinovirus or co-infection
Authors: Pandolfi Elisabetta , Panera Nadia , Alisi Anna , Carloni Emanuela , Russo Luisa , Campagna Ilaria , Rizzo Caterina , Concato Carlo , Linardos Giulia , Piccioni Livia , Jackson Sally , Villani Alberto , Midulla Fabio , Tozzi Alberto E.
Published: May 2021

Mechanisms of interaction between Bordetella pertussis and other viral agents are yet to be fully explored. We studied the inflammatory cytokine expression patterns among children with both viral-bacterial infections. Nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) samples were taken from children, aged < 1 year, positive for Rhinovirus, Bordetella pertussis and for Rhinovirus and Bordetella pertussis. Forty cytokines were evaluated in NPA by using human cytokine protein arrays and a quantitative analysis was performed on significantly altered cytokines. Forty cytokines were evaluated in NPA by using human cytokine protein arrays and a quantitative analysis was performed on significantly altered cytokines. Our results show that co-infections display a different inflammatory pattern compared to single infections, suggesting that a chronic inflammation caused by one of the two pathogens could be the trigger for exacerbation in co-infections.
Subclinical hypothyroidism or isolated high TSH in hospitalized patients with chronic heart-failure and chronic renal-failure
Authors: Bashkin Amir , Abu Saleh Wagde , Shehadeh Mona , Even Lea , Ronen Ohad
Published: May 2021

Sub-clinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is common in heart failure (HF) and advanced renal failure (RF), but it is unclear whether there is a thyroid disease or a transient increase in TSH level. This is a retrospective study of hospitalized patients in medical departments. All patients with SCH and a TSH level up to less than 12 mIU/L were identified. Those who had at least one recurring admission within at least 6 months were included. A change in thyroid function during the last re-admission was determined and classified as an improvement, no change, or worsening of thyroid function. Overall, 126 cases of SCH met the inclusion criteria for re-admission. Analysis of the most recent hospitalization showed that in 100 (79.4%) patients thyroid function improved, in 15 (11.9%) patients thyroid function remained unchanged and only in 11 (8.7%) patients did thyroid function worsen. In most cases, worsening of hypothyroidism was determined by initiation of a low dose levothyroxine treatment. Of the 126 participants, 43 (34.1%) and 22 (17.5%) had a diagnosis of HF and RF (CKD stages 4 and 5), respectively. There was no association between HF or advanced RF and worsening of SCH. No association was found between worsening of hypothyroidism and gender, age, TSH, or creatinine levels in the first hospitalization. A borderline association between elevated CRP levels at first hospitalization and hypothyroidism worsening was found (p = 0.066). Mildly elevated TSH in hospitalized patients with HF and advanced RF is transient and most probably not related to thyroid disease and not associated with age or gender.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation immediately after trauma predicts a poor prognosis in severely injured patients
Authors: Wada Takeshi , Shiraishi Atsushi , Gando Satoshi , Yamakawa Kazuma , Fujishima Seitaro , Saitoh Daizoh , Kushimoto Shigeki , Ogura Hiroshi , Abe Toshikazu , Mayumi Toshihiko , Sasaki Junichi , Kotani Joji , Takeyama Naoshi , Tsuruta Ryosuke , Takuma Kiyotsugu , Yamashita Norio , Shiraishi Shin-ichiro , Ikeda Hiroto , Shiino Yasukazu , Tarui Takehiko , Nakada Taka-aki , Hifumi Toru , Okamoto Kohji , Sakamoto Yuichiro , Hagiwara Akiyoshi , Masuno Tomohiko , Ueyama Masashi , Fujimi Satoshi , Umemura Yutaka , Otomo Yasuhiro
Published: May 2021

Trauma patients die from massive bleeding due to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) with a fibrinolytic phenotype in the early phase, which transforms to DIC with a thrombotic phenotype in the late phase of trauma, contributing to the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and a consequently poor outcome. This is a sub-analysis of a multicenter prospective descriptive cross-sectional study on DIC to evaluate the effect of a DIC diagnosis on the survival probability and predictive performance of DIC scores for massive transfusion, MODS, and hospital death in severely injured trauma patients. A DIC diagnosis on admission was associated with a lower survival probability (Log Rank P < 0.001), higher frequency of massive transfusion and MODS and a higher mortality rate than no such diagnosis. The DIC scores at 0 and 3 h significantly predicted massive transfusion, MODS, and hospital death. Markers of thrombin and plasmin generation and fibrinolysis inhibition also showed a good predictive ability for these three items. In conclusion, a DIC diagnosis on admission was associated with a low survival probability. DIC scores obtained immediately after trauma predicted a poor prognosis of severely injured trauma patients.
Simultaneous removal of SO2 and NOx from flue gas by low-temperature adsorption over activated carbon
Authors: Wang Shiqing , Xu Shisen , Gao Shiwang , Xiao Ping , Jiang Minhua , Zhao He , Huang Bin , Liu Lianbo , Niu Hongwei , Wang Jinyi , Guo Dongfang
Published: May 2021

An exceptional phenomenon has been observed that SO2 and NOx in flue gas can be effectively adsorbed over activated carbon with a surprising capacity at cold temperatures with the presence of oxygen. In this study, the adsorption characteristics of NO and SO2 over activated carbon at 80, 20, 0, and − 20 is experimentally investigated. Without the presence of oxygen, adsorption of NO is negligible. In the presence of oxygen, NO can be oxidized to NO2 over activated carbon which leads to the co-adsorption of NO/NO2 within the adsorption bed. Catalytic oxidation of NO over activated carbon can be significantly enhanced at cold temperatures, leading to an extraordinary increase of adsorption capacity of NO. With an initial concentration of NO = 200 ppmv and a space velocity of 5000 h−1, the average specific capacity increases from 3.8 to 169.1 mg/g when the temperature decreases from 80 to – 20 ℃. For NO–O2 co-adsorption, the specific capacity increases along the adsorption bed due to the increasing NO2 concentrations. The adsorption capacity of SO2 is also significantly enhanced at cold temperatures. With an initial concentration of SO2 = 1000 ppmv, the specific capacity increases from 12.9 to 123.1 mg/g when the temperature decreases from 80 to – 20 ℃. A novel low-temperature adsorption (LAS) process is developed to simultaneously remove SO2 and NOx from flue gas with a target of near-zero emission. A pilot-scale testing platform with a flue gas flowrate of 3600 Nm3/h is developed and tested. Emission of both SO2 and NOx is less than 1 ppmv, and the predicted energy penalty is about 3% of the net generation.
Seven day pre-analytical stability of serum and plasma neurofilament light chain
Authors: Altmann Patrick , Ponleitner Markus , Rommer Paulus Stefan , Haslacher Helmuth , Mucher Patrick , Leutmezer Fritz , Petzold Axel , Wotawa Christoph , Lanzenberger Rupert , Berger Thomas , Zetterberg Henrik , Bsteh Gabriel
Published: May 2021

Neurofilament light chain (NfL) has emerged as a biomarker of neuroaxonal damage in several neurologic conditions. With increasing availability of fourth-generation immunoassays detecting NfL in blood, aspects of pre-analytical stability of this biomarker remain unanswered. This study investigated NfL concentrations in serum and plasma samples of 32 patients with neurological diagnoses using state of the art Simoa technology. We tested the effect of delayed freezing of up to 7 days and statistically determined stability and validity of measured concentrations. We found concentrations of NfL in serum and plasma to remain stable at room temperature when processing of samples is delayed up to 7 days (serum: mean absolute difference 0.9 pg/mL, intraindividual variation 1.2%; plasma: mean absolute difference 0.5 pg/mL, intraindividual variation 1.3%). Consistency of these results was nearly perfect for serum and excellent for plasma (intraclass correlation coefficients 0.99 and 0.94, respectively). In conclusion, the soluble serum and plasma NfL concentration remains stable when unprocessed blood samples are stored up to 7 days at room temperature. This information is essential for ensuring reliable study protocols, for example, when shipment of fresh samples is needed.
Bioelectrical impedance analysis versus quantitative computer tomography and anthropometry for the assessment of body composition parameters in China
Authors: Qin Qian , Yang Yang , Chen Jingfeng , Jiang Yaojun , Li Ang , Huang Meng , Dong Yihan , Wang Shoujun , Ding Suying
Published: May 2021

Obesity, especially abdominal obesity, is correlated to increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It is urgent to search a simply method to predict visceral fat area (VFA). Herein, we evaluated the correlation of waist circumference (WC) measured by anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and VFA estimated by BIA or measured by quantitative computed tomography (QCT) in China. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 25.09 ± 3.31 kg/m2 and the mean age was 49.16 ± 9.19 years in 2754 subjects. VFA-BIA were significantly smaller than VFA-QCT in both BMI and age subgroups between male and female (p < 0.001). High correlation was observed for WC between BIA and manually (r = 0.874 for all, r = 0.865 for male and r = 0.806 for female) and for VFA between BIA and QCT (r = 0.512 for all). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) showed the perfect agreement between BIA and manually to measure WC (ICC = 0.832 for all, 0.845 for male and 0.697 for female) and implied a good reliability for VFA between BIA and QCT with women among subgroups (ICC = 0.623 for all, ICC = 0.634 for age < 50 years and ICC = 0.432 for BMI > 24 kg/m2), whereas the good reliability was lost in men (ICC = 0.174). The kappa analysis showed a moderate consistency for VFA measured by BIA and QCT (Kappa = 0.522 with age < 50 years, 0.565 with age ≥ 50 years in male; Kappa = 0.472 with age < 50 years, 0.486 with age ≥ 50 years in female). In addition, BIA to estimate VFA (r = 0.758 in male, r = 0.727 in female, P < 0.001) has a stronger correlation with VFA measured by QCT than BMI and WC according to gender categories. Furthermore, ROC analysis showed the cut-off point of VFA measured by BIA for predicting visceral obesity was: 101.90 cm2, 119.96 cm2 and 118.83 cm2 and the Youden’s index was 0.577, 0.577 and 0.651, respectively and the Kappa value was 0.532, 0.536 and 0.611 in unadjusted model, model 1 and model 2. In conclusion, being non-invasive and free of radiation, BIA can be used as a safe and convenient tool to estimate VFA in female; especially for monitoring the VFA of the same person, the BIA has superiority to a certain extent. However, the consistency is not most ideal between BIA and QCT. When using BIA to assess whether a person is visceral obesity, we must take into consideration age, BMI and WC. Therefore, we established a regression formula to reflect VFA-QCT by VFA-BIA, age, BMI, and WC. In addition, a more accurate formula is needed to match the CT data in China.
Health risk assessment of heavy metals in marine fish to the population in Zhejiang, China
Authors: Han Jian-Long , Pan Xiao-Dong , Chen Qing , Huang Bai-Fen
Published: May 2021

Environmental pollution with toxic metals can lead to the possible contamination of the marine fish. We investigated the levels of As, Cd, Cr, Hg and Pb in 652 marine fish samples (15 species) collected from coastal areas of Zhejiang, China and estimated their health risk. Mean concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Hg and Pb were 0.783, 0.009, 0.114, 0.031, 0.043 mg/kg wet weight. The average estimated daily intakes (EDIs) for As, Cd, Cr, Hg and Pb were 1.214, 0.014, 0.177, 0.048 and 0.067 μg/kg bw/day. The risk assessment at mean exposure level showed that there was no health risk associated with these elements through consumption of marine fish. However, potential health risk may exist for high exposure consumers considering the possible contamination of As and Hg. Given that the different levels of certain elements in marine fish in China, this study provides a scientific basis for food safety assessment and suggestions for risk management.
Reductions in the deposition of sulfur and selenium to agricultural soils pose risk of future nutrient deficiencies
Authors: Feinberg Aryeh , Stenke Andrea , Peter Thomas , Hinckley Eve-Lyn S. , Driscoll Charles T. , Winkel Lenny H. E.
Published: May 2021

Atmospheric deposition is a major source of the nutrients sulfur and selenium to agricultural soils. Air pollution control and cleaner energy production have reduced anthropogenic emissions of sulfur and selenium, which has led to lower atmospheric deposition fluxes of these elements. Here, we use a global aerosol-chemistry-climate model to map recent (2005–2009) sulfur and selenium deposition, and project future (2095–2099) changes under two socioeconomic scenarios. Across the Northern Hemisphere, we find substantially decreased deposition to agricultural soils, by 70 to 90% for sulfur and by 55 to 80% for selenium. Recent trends in sulfur and selenium concentrations in USA streams suggest that catchment mass balances of these elements are already changing due to the declining atmospheric supply. Sustainable fertilizer management strategies will need to be developed to offset the decrease in atmospheric nutrient supply and ensure future food security and nutrition, while avoiding consequences for downstream aquatic ecosystems.
Electrochemical flow injection analysis of the interaction between pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) and α-synuclein peptides related to Parkinson's disease
Authors: Li Shaopei , Noroozifar Meissam , Zhou Jiayun , Kerman Kagan
Published: May 2021

An electrochemical flow cell system was constructed to study the biomolecular interactions of α-synuclein (α-syn) peptides with pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) and copper(ii).
Ba2BS3Cl and Ba5B2S8Cl2: first alkaline-earth metal thioborate halides with [BS3] units
Authors: Zhou Jiazheng , Chu Yu , Li Junjie , Pan Shilie
Published: May 2021

The first alkaline-earth metal thioborate halides, Ba2BS3Cl and Ba5B2S8Cl2 with isolated [BS3] units, have been synthesized by a flux method.
From crude industrial waste glycerol to biopropene via Ru-mediated hydrodeoxygenation in ionic liquids
Authors: Janssens Kwinten , Stalpaert Maxime , Henrion Mickaël , De Vos Dirk E.
Published: May 2021

The catalytic conversion of crude glycerol to biopropene was investigated. The bifunctional Ru-ionic liquid system showed a high tolerance for common crude glycerol impurities. Up to 82% biopropene yield with 94% olefin selectivity was achieved.
Coinage-metal pillarplexes hosts. Insights into host–guest interaction nature and luminescence quenching effects
Authors: Rojas-Poblete Macarena , Rodríguez-Kessler Peter L. , Guajardo Maturana Raul , Muñoz-Castro Alvaro
Published: May 2021

Host–guest chemistry is a relevant issue in materials science, which encourages further development of versatile host structures.
Infrared spectroscopy of CeO2 nanoparticles using Bergman's spectral representation: effects of phonon confinement and lattice strain
Authors: González de Arrieta Iñigo , del Campo Leire , De Sousa Meneses Domingos
Published: May 2021

The capability of Bergman's spectral representation to retrieve the dielectric function and topology of a ceria nanopowder from infrared spectroscopy is validated and used for discussing the evolution of its lattice dynamics upon size reduction.
Triangular boron carbon nitrides: an unexplored family of chromophores with unique properties for photocatalysis and optoelectronics
Authors: Pios Sebastian , Huang Xiang , Sobolewski Andrzej L. , Domcke Wolfgang
Published: May 2021

Triangular boron carbon nitrides exhibit inverted S1 and T1 energies. The singlet–triplet inversion is beneficial for optoelectronics and photocatalysis. The electronic excitation energies decrease systematically with the size of the systems.
Phase-formations of Mg2P2O7–Mn2P2O7mixed pyrophosphates and their desired luminescence abilities
Authors: Wei Donglei , Seo Hyo Jin
Published: May 2021

Phase-formation and luminescence depend on the Mn2+contents in Mg2P2O7–Mn2P2O7solid-solution. The mixed pyrophosphate of α- and β-phases shows the best luminescence, high thermal stability and efficient excitation in UV and near UV region.
Coordination-induced emission enhancement in copper(i) iodide coordination polymers supported by 2-(alkylsulfanyl)pyrimidines
Authors: Vinogradova Katerina A. , Shekhovtsov Nikita A. , Berezin Alexey S. , Sukhikh Taisiya S. , Rogovoy Maxim I. , Artem'ev Alexander V. , Bushuev Mark B.
Published: May 2021

More rigid μ2-N,S coordination of 2-(alkylsulfanyl)pyrimidine ligands in copper(i) iodide coordination polymers leads to a much more efficient emission in comparison with N-monodentate coordination.
Au nanoparticle-controlled formation of metallic and oxidized Pt nanoparticles on graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets for H2 evolution
Authors: Guo Xin , Kong Lina , Xu Jianping , Chen Jing , Li Lan
Published: May 2021

Metallic Pt electron-sink and Au LSPR effects, as well as the excellent co-catalyst capacity of Pt/Pt2+, synergistically enhance the H2 evolution rate of g-C3N4 with trace noble metal consumption.
Second harmonic generation on chiral cyanido-bridged FeII–NbIVspin-crossover complexes
Authors: Kawabata Shintaro , Nakabayashi Koji , Imoto Kenta , Klimke Stephen , Renz Franz , Ohkoshi Shin-ichi
Published: May 2021

Incorporating chiral organic ligands into cyanido-bridged FeII–NbIVassemblies synthesized chiral spin-crossover complexes, which exhibit the temperature-dependent second harmonic light intensity change due to spin crossover.
[2 × 2] metallo-supramolecular grids based on 4,6-bis((1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-pyridin-2-yl)-2-phenylpyrimidine ligands: from discrete [2 × 2] grid structures to star-shaped supramolecular polymeric architectures
Authors: Xu Xiaowen , Seiffert Anne K. , Lenaerts Ruben , Ryskulova Kanykei , Jana Somdeb , Van Hecke Kristof , Jerca Valentin Victor , Hoogenboom Richard
Published: May 2021

[2 × 2] metallo-supramolecular grids were readily obtained by complexation of novel 4,6-bis(6-ethynylpyridin-2-yl)-2-phenylpyrimidine ligands with Fe2+ or Zn2+ in acetonitrile, allowing for constructing discrete grids and star-shaped polymers.