bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highlighting the value of mentoring students in general practice
Authors: Boast Gill
Published: November 2015

Mentoring students in general practice can be beneficial for all involved. Gill Boast highlights the pros and cons and provides some tips for mentors
Keep in mind – ‘it could happen at my school’
Authors: Pickworth Frances
Published: November 2015

The Key's Frances Pickworth outlines schools' new reporting requirements under the government's revised statutory guidance, Keeping Children Safe in Education.
Write down the results of experiments in sound
Authors: Hewson Claire
Published: November 2015

Explore a variety of natural and man-made sounds using simple resources you can create yourself in the classroom, and let children carry out their own experiments.
Using simulation tools for a fun, festive theme
Authors: Rachel  , Bosley Mark
Published: November 2015

This month the Bosleys return to Scratch 2.0 with a programming tutorial that will enable children to create their own Christmas tree, with simulated flashing lights.
Design and construct packages for presents
Authors: Davis John
Published: November 2015

John Davis gives a festive twist to activities involving 2 and 3D shapes. These involve creating decorative stars and spirals, and making bespoke gift packages.
How to support deaf children in your school
Authors: Mayhook Stevie
Published: November 2015

Dr Stevie Mayhook outlines the support that is available to ensure a deaf child participates fully in the classroom and enjoys the same opportunities as their peers.
Effective Use of Mass Spectrometry in the Clinical Laboratory
Authors: Jannetto Paul J , Fitzgerald Robert L
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND

Historically the success of mass spectrometry in the clinical laboratory has focused on drugs of abuse confirmations, newborn screening, and steroid analysis. Clinical applications of mass spectrometry continue to expand, and mass spectrometry is now being used in almost all areas of laboratory medicine.

CONTENT

A brief background of the evolution of mass spectrometry in the clinical laboratory is provided with a discussion of future applications. Prominent examples of mass spectrometry are covered to illustrate how it has improved the practice of medicine and enabled physicians to provide better patient care. With increasing economic pressures and decreasing laboratory test reimbursement, mass spectrometry testing has been shown to provide cost-effective solutions. In addition to pointing out the numerous benefits, the challenges of implementing mass spectrometry in the clinical laboratory are also covered.

Mass spectrometry continues to play a prominent role in the field of laboratory medicine. The advancement of this technology along with the development of new applications will only accelerate the incorporation of mass spectrometry into more areas of medicine.
Evaluación del profesor universitario: ¿a mayor categoría profesional mejor profesor?
Authors: Casillas Martín Sonia , Cabezas González Marcos , Pinto Llorente Ana María
Published: November 2015

El artículo analiza los resultados de la evaluación docente realizada por los alumnos de la Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca. La metodología seguida es cuantitativa mediante un cuestionario validado con una muestra piloto de 1200 cuestionarios obtenidos por muestreo aleatorio estratificado. La muestra de profesores que han sido evaluados por los alumnos es de 177 profesores en 257 materias impartidas. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto la utilidad de la evaluación por los alumnos, dado que son los mejores observadores del proceso de enseñanza- aprendizaje, aunque pueden darse sesgos debido a diversos factores como puede ser la categoría profesional del profesor, variable que estudiamos en este trabajo. Así, las percepciones de los 4198 alumnos destacan que en algunos aspectos influye la categoría profesional del profesor para considerarle mejor o peor profesor.
Tendencias emergentes sobre el tópico tecnologías de información en el campo de las ciencias de la educación: una exploración bibliométrica
Authors: González-Valiente Carlos Luis
Published: November 2015

Se desarrolla un análisis bibliométrico sobre el tópico Tecnología de la Información en el campo de las Ciencias de la Educación, para visualizar las tendencias emergentes de investigación. Se utiliza como fuente de consulta la base de datos ERIC, aplicándoseles a los resultados obtenidos durante el periodo 2009-2013, los indicadores bibliométricos de productividad de autores, revistas y análisis de co-ocurrencia de términos. Se destaca la productividad de las revistas Computers & Education y Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET; así como los autores procedentes de Canadá. Los términos más tratados son: Information technology, Foreign Countries, Educational technology, Technology integration y Student attitudes. Las investigaciones al respecto parecen tener un carácter cualitativo y entre los objetos tecnológicos más mencionados se han destacado computadoras e internet. La tendencia temática más explorada ha sido la integración de las tecnologías de la información en el contexto del aprendizaje en la enseñanza superior, y su incidencia sobre los métodos de enseñanza.
AS ESTRATÉGIAS DOS FORNECEDORES DE MARCAS PRÓPRIAS E O SEU PODER DE NEGOCIAÇÃO FRENTE AOS VAREJISTAS: UM ESTUDO COM PEQUENOS FABRICANTES
Authors: Arenhardt Daniel Luís , Battistella Luciana Flores , Grohmann Márcia Zampieri
Published: November 2015

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de identificar as estratégias de marcas próprias (MP) adotadas por três fornecedores de pequeno porte, bem como o seu poder de negociação frente à rede varejista. Os conceitos de marca própria, fornecimento de marca própria e estratégias de marca própria foram aprofundados no intuito de subsidiar as análises realizadas. A pesquisa tem natureza exploratória e foi realizada por meio de dois métodos de investigação: o bibliométrico e o estudo de casos múltiplos. O primeiro método utilizou a plataforma de buscas do Portal de Periódicos Capes/Mec para identificar a produção sobre o assunto nos últimos 10 anos. O segundo método aprofundou as estratégias dos pequenos fornecedores de MP e o seu poder de negociação, através da realização de entrevistas em profundidade. Os resultados apresentam diferentes estratégias adotadas, de acordo com o percentual de faturamento com PM de cada fornecedor, bem como fatores que atribuem poder nas negociações, tanto aos fabricantes quanto ao varejista.
CAPITAL SOCIAL E RELACIONAMENTOS INTER E INTRARREGIONAIS EM ARRANJOS PRODUTIVOS LOCAIS: ESTUDO NO APL CALÇADISTA DE NOVA SERRANA/ MG
Authors: Azevedo Ana Cláudia , Pardini Daniel Jardim , Simão Gustavo Leonardo
Published: November 2015

O Capital Social favorece o desenvolvimento competitivo das empresas por meio da construção de infraestrutura relacional e integração entre os atores presentes em núcleos comuns, como é o caso dos Arranjos Produtivos Locais (APLs). Uma vez que as empresas inseridas nos referidos núcleos se relacionam com atores internos e externos ao arranjo, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a formação e o desenvolvimento do Capital Social inter e intrarregional na perspectiva dos atores organizacionais no APL de Nova Serrana - MG. Objetivou-se identificar características das relações estabelecidas pelos empresários inseridos no APL, considerando os contextos interno e externo ao arranjo, tendo como elemento mediador o Capital Social em suas três dimensões: estrutural, relacional e cognitiva (NAHAPIET; GOSHAL, 1998). Metodologicamente, recorreu-se a uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, conduzida sob a forma de estudo de caso. Por acessibilidade, foram realizadas 10 entrevistas com empresários integrantes do APL. Como instrumento de pesquisa, utilizou-se um roteiro semiestruturado e o tratamento dos dados foi realizado por análise de conteúdo com o auxílio do software Atlas TI® versão 7.1.4. Os resultados da pesquisa evidenciaram que os empresários reconhecem o valor das práticas sociais, utilizam-nas em benefício de seus negócios e reconhecem a necessidade de se estabelecer relações de distintas naturezas e intensidade de vínculos dentro e fora do arranjo produtivo. Contudo, esbarram em algumas dificuldades, como as posturas individualistas e introspectivas fomentadas pelos elevados níveis de desconfiança. Em suma, a inserção no APL é percebida como favorável apenas pelas empresas mais integradas ao grupo.
UNDERSTANDING ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE IN A SMALL FAMILY FIRM
Authors: Danda Gustavo José da Nóbrega , Grzybovski Denize
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of organizational culture that fosters entrepreneurship in family firms. The entrepreneurial process is viewed as radical change in family firms due to emotions related to change in this kind of organization, which are more intense than nonfamily firms and makes the organization behaves the same way of previous generation. The culture of family firm Alfa is analyzed through the model of Hall, Melin and Nordqvist (2001) which classifies family business culture according to the fact that it is dominated by one or several family members, the degree of culture explicitness and cultural openness. A single case study was conducted and semi-structured interviews were made with family and non-family members of the family firm Alfa. It was concluded that, despite the fact the employees feel comfortable to express their ideas and critics, the values and norms are not clearly stated and the culture is dominated by the influence of the founder. These last two characteristics damage the entrepreneurial process in the family firm analyzed.
GESTÃO DO MARKETING EM MICRO E PEQUENAS EMPRESAS
Authors: França Coelho Ricardo Limongi , Miranda Jaquelyne Resende de , Filho Altair Camargo , Freitag Maria Salete Batista , Almeida Marcos Inácio Severo de
Published: November 2015

A literatura acerca de marketing empreendedor apresenta como o marketing pode contribuir na gestão das micro e pequenas empresas (MPEs) (CARSON, 1990; STOKES, 2000). Dessa forma, este estudo identificou as estratégias da gestão de marketing em MPEs a partir da aprendizagem dos gerentes-proprietários de 40 empresas localizadas em Goiânia e região metropolitana. A análise de dados ocorreu por meio da análise de discurso e a análise de conglomerados. Foi identificado que a aprendizagem dos gerentes-proprietários ocorre por meio da observação da dinâmica do mercado e por meio de experiências realizadas no cotidiano. Concluiu-se, ainda, que os aspectos como o relacionamento, comunicação boca a boca e o diálogo com o cliente são praticados nas MPEs sem a consciência de serem ações de marketing sistematizadas.
Planejamento da logística de suprimento de plataformas Offshore por meio de um modelo matemático 2L-CVRP com frota heterogênea e equilíbrio náutico
Authors: Arpini Bianca Passos , Rosa Rodrigo Alvarenga
Published: November 2015

No Brasil a exploração de petróleo ocorre, sobretudo, no mar onde são implantadas plataformas  offshore que estão distantes da costa. Logo, é fundamental planejar a logística de suprimento por meio de navios. Este artigo propõe um modelo matemático de Programação Linear Inteira Mista denominado Weight Balance Two-Dimensional   Loading Heterogeneous Fleet Vehicle Routing Problem (WB2L-HFVRP) aplicado ao planejamento da logística de suprimento de plataformas offshore visando a criação de rotas que considerem o equilíbrio náutico e a melhor arrumação das cargas no convés. Este modelo se diferencia por considerar frota heterogênea e utilizar uma função objetivo que visa minimizar o número de navios, a distância navegada e a diferença entre os pesos distribuídos entre os bordos do navio para manter o equilíbrio náutico. Testou-se o modelo em instâncias baseadas em dados reais da Petrobras no CPLEX 12.6 e alcançou-se uma redução de até 25% em relação à distância real navegada.
Avaliação de unidades portuárias brasileiras com análise envoltória de dados e o método multicritério ordinal de Copeland
Authors: Rubem Ana Paula Dos Santos , Brandão Luana Carneiro , Soares de Mello João Carlos Correia Baptista
Published: November 2015

Como o tipo de carga influi diretamente na infraestrutura necessária à sua movimentação, algumas unidades portuárias buscam a especialização ou diversificação das atividades. Este trabalho utiliza a Análise Envoltória de Dados e o método multicritério ordinal de Copeland para avaliar a importância relativa de cada unidade do setor portuário brasileiro para o comércio nacional, dentro do respectivo segmento em que cada uma delas atua, comparando-se ambas as técnicas. Dada a não homogeneidade, as unidades são distribuídas em oito clusters, conforme a natureza da carga que operam. Como tal segregação é imediata, não é usada nenhuma ferramenta matemática para este fim. Em seguida, são aplicadas as duas abordagens supracitadas de apoio à decisão. No primeiro caso, é usado um modelo com input unitário, em que o input representa a própria existência da unidade portuária; além disto, para aumentar o poder de discriminação, utiliza-se o índice de eficiência composto normalizado no lugar do índice padrão. Os resultados indicam que as ordenações Copeland e do índice composto são bastante semelhantes. O presente trabalho também esclarece as diferenças entre os resultados de DEA com input unitário e de métodos multicritérios ordinais, indicando o modelo mais adequado em cada situação.
Geology, Potentiality, Speculation: On the Indeterminacy of First Oil
Authors: Weszkalnys Gisa
Published: November 2015

This article uses what the petroleum industry calls first oil to examine the uneven process of resource making on the margins of global zones of extraction. It explores how the double obscurity of hydrocarbon prospects—both geologically obscured and their worth not yet revealed by the market—generates particular material constraints, pauses, and setbacks characteristic of petroleum production. The article draws on ethnographic and archival material from São Tomé and Príncipe (STP), where repeated attempts to explore offshore oil have yet to transform geological potential into an economic asset. It highlights the incongruous effects of certain epistemic practices and devices (contract, zone, and well) aimed at facilitating first oil by managing uncertainty. As a result, they work as gestures of an indeterminate matter whose existence continues to be doubted.
Competence raising through teaching of ESD environmental key topics implementing “project technology”
Authors: Poghosyan Gayane , Gasparyan Anahit , Grigoryan Meri , Poghosyan Suren
Published: November 2015

Higher education in Armenia is currently facing the pressure of reform as well as tremendous opportunities for development. Implementation of these reforms is conditioned by the fact that competence is emphasized among knowledge, abilities, skills and values. The package of reforms also requires a new introduction to global environmental issues in higher education. In the conditions of the present ecological crisis one of the most important issues is to develop new approaches to ESD in higher education. The main problem of ESD is to raise the competence and participation of learners regarding environmental protection and resolution.The UNESCO Chair on “Education for Sustainable Development” at the Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia in cooperation with the National Institute of Education of the Armenian Ministry of Education and Science are carrying out a series of trainings and seminars for educators and students from pedagogical institutes to increase their competence on key environmental topics in the context of sustainable development implementing project method of teaching. Pedagogical-oriented universities and vocational training institutions have been chosen, where trainings and seminars have been carried out with the best students and the teaching staff using project method. In the result of the trainings and seminars 44 teachers and learners from 5 universities, 3 vocational colleges, 5 high schools, 3 NGOs were trained in 3 regions of the Republic of Armenia (with different environmental problems). Evaluations were carried out and the best tested projects were presented at round table discussions.
Hodnotenie uplatňovania filozofie udržateľného rozvoja v materských školách v meste Banská Bystrica a Banská Štiavnica na báze indikátorov
Authors: Novanska Viera , Škvarková Jana , Barková Bohumila
Published: November 2015

Environmental education plays an irreplaceable role in pre-school education. The role of the kindergarten systematically influences and regulates the value orientation of child towards an environmentally responsible way of life and towards the sustainable development of society. A kindergarten can act in the educational process, but also the overall "spirit" of the school. The article presents the results of an evaluation and implementation of sustainable development philosophy in pre-schools. Two pre-schools in Banská Bystrica and Banská Štiavnica were compared and evaluated in terms of set of sustainable development indicators for the 2014/2015 academic year. Based on this methodology, pre-schools can create and monitor their practical application of the sustainable development philosophy and undertake internal audits at the sustainable development level.
Lawful Solutions For Violation On Women In Sports
Authors: Sakáčová Zuzana
Published: November 2015

This contribution deals with the legal aspects and acts of violence against a group of women in sport. Discussions about violence in society and thus on violence in sport are often associated with people's thoughts about the moral state of society as a whole. Violence against women is one of the most widespread violations of human dignity. It represents a violation of human rights, namely the right to life, the right to safety, the right to dignity, the right to physical and mental integrity. It is desirable to raise awareness about the prevention of sexual violence at all levels. We have to focus on preventive precautions to support projects to fight violence and intolerance in sport, to develop codes of conduct that determine the relationship between athletes, relations between men and women, as well as relations between coaches and officials, relations between parents and coaches. The Slovak Republic is only at the beginning of the way of creating the relationship between law and sport. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the legal awareness of sport as a tool for regulation in sport activities.
Numerical Modelling Of Humid Air Flow Around A Porous Body
Authors: Bohojło-Wiśniewska Aneta
Published: November 2015

This paper presents an example of humid air flow around a single head of Chinese cabbage under conditions of complex heat transfer. This kind of numerical simulation allows us to create a heat and humidity transfer model between the Chinese cabbage and the flowing humid air. The calculations utilize the heat transfer model in porous medium, which includes the temperature difference between the solid (vegetable tissue) and fluid (air) phases of the porous medium. Modelling and calculations were performed in ANSYS Fluent 14.5 software.
Parametric Integral Equations Systems Method In Solving Unsteady Heat Transfer Problems For Laser Heated Materials
Authors: Sawicki Dominik , Zieniuk Eugeniusz
Published: November 2015

One of the most popular applications of high power lasers is heating of the surface layer of a material, in order to change its properties. Numerical methods allow an easy and fast way to simulate the heating process inside of the material. The most popular numerical methods FEM and BEM, used to simulate this kind of processes have one fundamental defect, which is the necessity of discretization of the boundary or the domain. An alternative to avoid the mentioned problem are parametric integral equations systems (PIES), which do not require classical discretization of the boundary and the domain while being numerically solved. PIES method was previously used with success to solve steady-state problems, as well as transient heat transfer problems. The purpose of this paper is to test the efficacy of the PIES method with time discretization in solving problem of laser heating of a material, with different pulse shape approximation functions.
Associated Behavioral Risks in a Group of Women During Pregnancy from Mures District
Authors: Florina Ruţa , Călin Avram , Septimiu Voidăzan , Victoria Rus , Mihai Georgescu , Zoltan Abram , Monica Tarcea
Published: November 2015

Background. It is well-known that the exposure during pregnancy to lifestyle risk factors can affect thehealth both for the mother and the fetus. There are many risk factors for pregnancy, including: smoking, alcohol consumption, sedentary pattern, irregular daily meal serving plan, lack of knowledge regarding health prevention. The main objective of our study was to assess the practices, knowledge and attitudes towards lifestyle risk behaviors during pregnancy in a group of women from Tirgu-Mures area.

Materials and methods. We used a cross-sectional study based on a questionnaire, assessingsmoking behavior and lifestyle patterns during pregnancy, on a group of 481 women from the urban area (58.84%), as well as from the rural area (41.16%) from Mures county.

Results. In the study group, 190 women (39.5%) used to smoke before pregnancy; among which 37.36% continued to smoke even after they found out they are pregnant. In the group of pregnant women that continued to smoke during pregnancy, we have studied other behavioral factors related to lifestyle, identifying the following: 5,73% have been consuming alcohol weekly, 56.33% reduced greatly their physical activity level, 3.63% have been consuming at least 3 cups of coffee a day. During pregnancy, 12.72% did not have a regular, daily meal serving plan, and 67.26% was a little or not at all concerned about their eating habits. Only 30.9% from the smoking pregnant women group have received information from the family doctor (GP) regarding the risk factors of smoking habits, while 38.18% did not receive any information.

Conclusions. Behavioral risk factors in pregnancy have to be followed closely by the HealthCare System in order to avoid complications for the mother and the child. The best way of accomplishing that is through an efficient community intervention.
Isolation, Characterization and Differentiation Potential of Chicken Spermatogonial Stem Cell Derived Embryoid Bodies
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Luan , Yoo Jae Gyu , Sharma Neelesh , Kim Sung Woo , Kang Yong Jun , Thi Hai Ha Pham , Jeong Dong Kee
Published: November 2015

Human, murine and monkey spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) have the capability to undergo self-renewal and differentiation into different body cell types in vitro, which are expected to serve as a powerful tool and resource for the developmental biology and regenerative medicine. We have successfully isolated and characterized the chicken SSCs from 3-day-old chicken testicular cells. The pluripotency was using Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS ) staining or alkaline phosphatase staining, and antibodies to stage-specific embryonic antigens. In suspension culture conditions SSCs formed embryoid bodies (EBs) like embryonic stem (ES) cells. Subsequently EB differentiated into osteoblasts, adipocytes and most importantly into cardiomyocytes under induced differentiation conditions. The differentiation potential of EBs into cardiomyocyte-like cells was confirmed by using antibodies against sarcomeric α-actinin, cardiac troponin T and connexin 43. Cardiomyocytes-like cells were also confirmed by RT-PCR analysis for several cardiac cell genes like GATA-4, Nkx2-5, α-MHC, and ANF. We have successfully established an in vitro differentiation system for chicken SSCs into different body cells such as osteoblasts, adipocytes and cardiomyocytes. The most significant finding of this study is the differentiation potential of chicken SSCs into cardiomyocytes. Our findings may have implication in developmental biology and regenerative medicine by using chicken as the most potential animal model.
5. MMP-2, TIMP-2, TAZ and MEF2a Transcript Expression in Osteogenic and Adipogenic Differentiation of Porcine Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Opiela Jolanta , Lipiński Daniel , Romanek Joanna , Juzwa Wojciech , Bochenek Michał , Wilczek Piotr
Published: November 2015

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation is regulated intrinsically by transcription factors and extrinsically by the extracellular matrix. We tested whether matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and its inhibitor TIMP-2, MEF2a and TAZ transcription factors are involved in porcine MSC differentiation towards adipocytes and osteocytes. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were used to investigate the expression levels of multipotent cell surface markers CD73 and CD105. Real- time PCR was performed to detect the osteogenic- and adipogenic-specific markers, osteocalcin and aP2, respectively, and to estimate the MMP-2, TIMP-2, MEF2a and TAZ transcript expression levels in three groups of cell, i.e., undifferentiated MSCs, adipocytes (A) and osteocytes (O). We showed that at the transcript level, the differentiation of MSCs towards adipocyte fate may involve MMP-2, TIMP-2 and TAZ. We also show that the differentiation of MSCs toward osteocyte fate may involve TIMP-2, MEF2a and TAZ. Our research provides preliminary data on the possible role of the MMP-2, TIMP-2 and TAZ transcripts in adipogenic differentiation and of the TIMP-2, TAZ and MEF2a transcripts in the osteogenic differentiation of porcine MSCs. We report for the first time the possible involvement of MEF2a in the osteogenesis of porcine MSCs. Our work may provide additional evidence for the MMP-independent function of TIMP-2 during osteogenesis.
Influence of Protein Supply on Threonine Efficiency and Threonine Catabolism in Hepatic Mitochondria of Chicks and Rats
Authors: Lee Chul Won , Zhao Rongjie , Cho Il Je , Byun Sung Hui , Kim Young Woo , Kim Youn Sook , Kim Sang Chan , An Won G.
Published: November 2015

This research investigated the relationship between efficiency of threonine (Thr) utilization and Thr oxidation in hepatic mitochondria in chicks and rats fed with graded levels (5.5-33.0% CP for chicks, 6-24% CP for rats) of protein. Calculation of efficiency of Thr utilization was based on N-balance data and an exponential N-utilization model, and Thr dehydrogenase (TDG) activity was determined. According to the results, no significant effect on TDG activity was observed in the liver of chicks who received diets containing from 5.5 up to 16.5% CP. However, significantly elevated TDG activities were observed, despite limited supply of Thr in protein, with diets containing from 22.0 up to 33.0% CP. At the levels of CP content from 5.5 up to 27.5%, no significant change in efficiencies of Thr utilization was observed. However, a significant decrease in efficiency was observed with diets containing from 27.5 to 33.0% CP. In chicks, the relationship between oxidation of Thr and Thr efficiency was observed with graded CP levels. In addition, elevated TDG activities in rat liver were observed with diets containing from 6.0 to 12.0% CP. At the levels of CP content from 6.0 up to 24.0%, no significant effect on efficiency of Thr utilization was observed in rats. In addition, no relationship was observed between Thr oxidation and efficiency of Thr utilization with graded CP levels in rats. Taken together, reactions for TDG appear to be animal species-dependent.
10. The Effect of Chemically-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles on Performance and the Histology and Microbiological Profile of the Jejunum in Chickens
Authors: Ognik Katarzyna , Sembratowicz Iwona , Cholewińska Ewelina , Wlazło Łukasz , Nowakowicz-Dębek Bożena , Szlązak Radosław , Tutaj Krzysztof
Published: November 2015

The aim of the study was to analyse how per os application of hydrocolloids of silver nanoparticles (22 nm) and lipid-coated nanosilver hydrocolloids (5 nm) affect the microbiological status and morphology of the jejunum of broiler chickens and their growth performance. The experiment was conducted on 60 chickens. The first group was the control. The chickens in group II received a silver nanoparticle hydrocolloid (Ag-nano) at a dose of 5 mg/kg b.w./day. The chickens in group III received a lipid-coated nanosilver hydrocolloid (AgL-nano) at a dose of 5 mg/kg b.w./day. Samples of digesta were taken from the jejunum during dissection and the total numbers of fungi, aerobic bacteria and bacteria of the coli group were determined in the samples. Samples of the jejunum were also collected during dissection to determine the length of the villi and depth of the crypts. The silver nanoparticles had no effect on growth performance or the histological picture of the jejunum. An increase was noted in the total number of aerobic mesophilic bacteria and a decrease in the number of coli group bacteria, which are facultative anaerobes, which indicates that the nanosilver had a selective effect on the microflora of the digestive tract in the chickens.
9. Ovine DRB1 Polymorphism and Its Associations with Body Weight, Milk Contents and Immunological Parameters
Authors: Zamani Pouya , Dehkordi Hosein Salehian , Doosti Abbas , Abdolmohammadi Alireza
Published: November 2015

The DRB1 gene is known as a part of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) with important effects on disease resistance and immunological response in mammals. Single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and direct DNA sequencing methods were employed to study the second exon of DRB1 gene polymorphism in Mehraban and Lori-Bakhtiari sheep, using 155 Mehraban and 167 Lori-Bakhtiari (totally 322) ewes. Eleven different SSCP patterns with 26 SNPs (five new mutations) were found in both breeds. Associations of different genotypes with some traits including body weight, milk contents, milk somatic cell count and some immunological parameters were also studied. The observed genotypes had significant associations (P<0.05) with immunological parameters including serum total protein, α2-globulin, β-globulin, γ-globulin and total globulins and body weight at 3 months of age (weaning). The effects of the genotypes on serum albumin and α1-globulin, body weights at 9 and 12 months of age and milk lactose tended to be significant (P<0.10). The results of the present study indicated that the DRB1 exon 2 is highly polymorphic and could be considered as an important fragment in marker assisted selection, especially for improvement of immunity in sheep.
Von der Wiederentdeckung zur Vermarktung? Überlegungen zum »jüdischen Erbe« am Beispiel von Toledo
Authors: Menny Anna
Published: November 2015

What happens if Jewish history is declared »Jewish heritage«? All over Europe remnants of historical Jewish sites are (described and) advertised as tourist attractions promising an authentic experience of the past. The Spanish town of Toledo with its historic synagogue buildings and its Sephardic Museum is but one example of this new trend. In Toledo, places, memory, and the marketing of Jewish history are strongly interconnected. This article reflects on the importance of geographic sites in turning heritage into something visible and »visitable«. Historical traces materialize memory, while at the same time the label »Jewish heritage« weaves them into major narratives and thereby increases their popularity.
Parnassim zwischen Kirchhain und Halberstadt
Authors: Bloch Sabine F. , Riemer Nathanael
Published: November 2015

Elchanan Henle Kirchhan, author of the well-known ethical work
Swampman encounters an Immediate Object
Authors: Stjernfelt Frederik
Published: November 2015

This paper is a response to three reviews of the author’s 2014 book
Cognition and semiotic processing of luminous stimuli in various orders of the natural world
Authors: Caivano José Luis
Published: November 2015

Semiosis, and particularly visual semiosis, is not something unique to humans. All animal species, all living beings (including other forms of life outside the animal kingdom) have semiotic activity. But we can go even beyond that. It is possible to maintain that also in the world that is usually called “inanimate” or “inert” some kind of semiotic activity takes place. This paper proposes a view in which the elements and organisms in the natural environment, instead of being classified into separate categories are thought of as forming a continuous gradation from one to another, from lower to upper levels of complexity and semiotic behavior. From this, and from further arguments, it is possible to maintain that semiosis permeates the entire universe. A special point is made concerning the interaction of light stimuli with matter and living organisms, which in some cases has produced the systems of vision that many animals posses, and in some other cases produce reactions and changes that can be considered as a kind of protosemiotic activity.
The outcome of PIE *#Hi- and *#Hu- in Germanic
Authors: Hansen Bjarne Simmelkjær Sandgaard
Published: November 2015

It has been established with a great amount of certainty that PIE *#Hu- > Gr. #Vὐ- and that PIE *#Hi- > Gr. #ἰ-. It still remains to be demonstrated what happens in other Western Indo-European branches, including Germanic. In this article,1 I reject the statement by Ringe (1988: 433) that PIE *#Hu- becomes PG *#uand propose the possibility of differentiated outcomes dependent on the timbre of the PIE laryngeal, viz. that PIE *#h1i- > PG *#i- and PIE *#h1u- > PG *#u- as assumed by most scholars, but that PIE *#h2i- and PIE *#h2u- might yield PG *#ai- and PG *#au-, respectively. Furthermore, I tentatively propose that PG *#au- > PG *#uwhen followed by a labial consonant; a development partially paralleled in Greek and in English.
The Frøyhov inscription and early Germanic *ing-
Authors: Mees Bernard
Published: November 2015

The bronze figurine from Frøyhov bears a short and difficult early runic text which seems to represent some sort of name. First published in the late nineteenth century, the inscription may most regularly be interpreted as Inga(n)da, a form which features the early Germanic onomastic element *ing‑. Germanic *ingseems best to be etymologised as a reflex of IE *h2neḱ-/h2nenḱ- ‘reach, attain’ and the Frøyhov form taken either to be a maker’s inscription or a theonym, the figurine itself clearly representing a religious expression.
Enclitic -(m)a ‘but’, clause architecture and the prosody of focus in Hittite
Authors: Sideltsev Andrej , Molina Maria
Published: November 2015

We discuss the extraordinary syntax of the enclitic -(m)a: as different from other enclitics it does not cliticize to a set of words like nu, mān, etc. However, as different from -pat with its free distribution within the clause -(m)a attests a very clear tendency to be positioned after the first stressed word. To make things even more complicated, in the focusing function it attests a seemingly free position in the clause. The paradox of -(m)a is that most of the details of its aberrant syntactic behavior, save some clause internal usage which we are demonstrating for the first time, are perfectly well known, but several pieces of evidence have never been brought together. The main one is the fact that the set of words which does not host -(m)a as well as -ya is precisely the set of words which is not taken into consideration when the second position of such constituents as relative pronouns in determinate clauses, subordinators maḫḫan and kuit is determined. The paper also provides a unitary explanation of both topicalising -(m)a in the left periphery and focusing -(m)a in the preverbal position: the common feature might be the prosodic boundary to the left of both hosts triggered by information structure to the left of the host of both topicalizing -(m)a/additively focusing -ya in the left periphery and focusing -(m)a/ya preverbally.
The Proto-Indo-European *-VTs# clusters and the formulation of Szemerényi’s Law
Authors: Piwowarczyk Dariusz R.
Published: November 2015

In this paper the author argues that Szemerényi’s Law operated in the proto-language and that its operation should be restricted to *- V̆Rs# and *- V̆RH# sequences only. Moreover, it is shown that the development of *- V̆Ts# > *- V̆ss# > *- V̄s#, often assumed as part of Szemerényi’s Law (cf. Neri 2003: 2035; Lipp 2009: 2, 93) as in PIE *pód-s > *póss > *pṓs > Doric Greek πώς ‘foot’ (Hesych.), is hardly credible (cf. also Kim 2001: 12724 but without further discussion). The length of the vowel in the Doric form is not certain (cf. LSJ⁹: 1456) and surely secondary in Attic poús as the short vowel is found in compounds (cf. Homeric trípos). Furthermore, if Szemerényi’s Law operated as *- V̆Rs# > *- V̄R# we would expect such sequences to appear as *- V̄T# < *- V̆Ts#. I will show that such cases are secondary rather than direct outcomes of Szemerényi’s Law.
On the lengthened grade in the nominative singular
Authors: Kümmel Martin Joachim
Published: November 2015

One of the best established cases of lengthened grade is the nominative singular of many athematic paradigms, where lengthened grade (LG) in the last predesinential element is opposed to full grade (FG) in other forms and is normally reconstructed for PIE (distinctive LG). However, the exact original distribution and the explanation of the phenomenon are controversial. Different theories also make different predictions about the original distribution of distinctive LG, and these may be checked in order to assess these theories. In Indo-Iranian, Brugmann’s Law turned many cases of o grade into synchronic LG, thus removing potential cases of distinctive LG. The distribution of LG in Proto-Indo-Iranian (PIIr) strong stem forms is investigated, with the conclusion that distinctive LG in the nominative singular is only found in endingless nominatives. Elsewhere all forms of the strong stem show the same ablaut. Therefore, LG in the nominative singular can (but need not) largely be secondary, either leveling by strong stem forms with Indo-Iranian ā grade from o grade, or by analogy to such paradigms. The isolated form Vedic véṣ ‘bird’ < PIIr *(h)wáy-š is a counterexample to a general LG rule for monosyllabic stems. Indo-Iranian thus, while not excluding original distinctive LG in some s-marked nominatives, does not support it. However, evidence from Western IE languages appears to show distinctive LG in some nominatives of monosyllabic nouns. Possible explanations are discussed at the end.
Correlation Between Acute Impairment of Regional Contractility and Left Ventricular Remodeling after Revascularized Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Nyulas Tiberiu , Benedek Theodora , Matei Claudia , Kovács István , Chiţu Monica , Korodi Szillamér , Benedek Imre
Published: November 2015

Introduction: The present study aims to demonstrate the role of acute impairment of regional contractility, as assessed by 3D echocardiography, in predicting LV remodeling in post acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients.

Methods: We enrolled in the study a number of 48 subjects with AMI who underwent primary PCI followed by optimum medical therapy. In all these cases we followed the correlation between the amplitude of ventricular remodeling at 6 months postinfarction and regional contractility in the immediate postinfarction period, as assessed by 3D echo parameters at baseline: regional index of contraction amplitude (RICA) and the index of contraction amplitude (ICA). Positive remodeling (PR) was defined as an increase in LV end-diastolic global volume with >15% compared with baseline.

Results: Patients with positive remodeling (PR) presented at baseline a significantly lower ejection fraction (44.75% versus 49.95%, p = 0.009), associated with a higher end-systolic volume (80.34 ml vs. 70.63 ml, p = 0.02) and lower values for index of contraction amplitude — ICA (3.05 vs. 3.53, p = 0.01) and for regional index of contraction amplitude — RICA (1.38 vs. 2.78, p <0.0001), in comparison with the patients who did not experience ventricular remodeling. RICA achieved the best statistical significance for predicting the development of LV remodeling during the evolution of the disease. For RICA, the ROC curve using logistic analysis showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.88, highly significant (p = 0.0001).

Conclusions: Impairment of regional contractility is associated with development of LV remodeling to a more significant extent than the global impairment of ventricular contractility.
Effect of some fungicides against the growth inhibition of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum mycelial compatibility groups
Authors: Dalili Alireza , Bakhtiari Saeed , Barari Hossein , Aldaghi Majid
Published: November 2015

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, the causal agent of Sclerotinia stem rot, is one of the most important pathogens of Brassica napus L. in northern Iran. In this study, 13 mycelial compatibility groups (MCGs) of the fungus were identified among 31 isolates sampled from four regions of Mazandaran province, Iran. Effective fungicides are useful in the integrated management of the disease. So, the effect of tebuconazole, propiconazole, cyproconazole, and Rovral-TS at five doses (0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 ppm) was studied on the growth inhibition of S. sclerotiorum as in vitro tests. Maximum inhibition (100%) of S. sclerotiorum mycelial growth was obtained by the highest dose (1 ppm) of all tested fungicides, as well as by the doses of 0.1 and 0.01 ppm of propiconazole, cyproconazole, and tebuconazole. In this investigation, the reaction of S. sclerotiorum isolates belonging to different MCGs was evaluated against tebuconazole, propiconazole, cyproconazole, and Rovral-TS at their EC50 ranges. The results revealed that there was high variation of S. sclerotiorum MCGs against different fungicides. The inhibition percentage varied between 4.29% and 71.72%.
Insecticide susceptibility of the green plant bug, Apolygus lucorum Meyer-Dür (Homoptera: Miridae) and two predatory arthropods
Authors: Zhang Zhengqun , Zhang Xuefeng , Liu Feng , Mu Wei
Published: November 2015

The green plant bug (Apolygus lucorum Meyer-Dür) is a key pest of Bt cotton in China. Along with biological control, chemical control is one of the most important strategies in A. lucorum Integrated Pest Management (IPM). The goal of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of eight conventional insecticides to A. lucorum and to assess the susceptibility of two generalist predators Chrysopa sinica (Jieder) and Propylaea japonica (Thunbery) to insecticides that are commonly used in A. lucorum management. Via glass-vial and leaf-dip bioassay, toxicity tests with selected insecticides at two different life-stages of A. lucorum indicated significant differences between the LD50 or LC50 values for these compounds within different insecticidal classes. Phenylpyrazole fipronil had the highest toxicity to 4th-instar nymphs and adults of A. lucorum, whereas neonicotinoid imidacloprid had the lowest toxicity among the insecticides. Females were more tolerant to insecticides than were males, as shown by the higher LD50 values for females. Furthermore, laboratory tests showed that endosulfan had the highest selectivity to C. sinica and P. japonica: the selective toxicity ratios (STRs) were superior to other tested insecticides, particularly imidacloprid, and were 5.396 and 4.749-fold higher than baseline STRs, respectively. From this study, we conclude that fipronil can potentially be used to efficiently control A. lucorum. An alternative control agent worth consideration is endosulfan, owing to its relative safety to non-targeted natural enemies.
Pathogenicity of selected isolates of the quarantine pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus to Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)
Authors: Filipiak Anna
Published: November 2015

The pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is the causal agent of pine wilt disease (PWD). This nematode is considered to be an indigenous to North America and was introduced to Japan in the late 19th century. Subsequently, it has spread throughout Japan and in many other countries, China, Taiwan, and South Korea. In 1999, B. xylophilus was discovered in Portugal, and in 2008 in Spain. So far the studies have revealed that the pathogenicity of B. xylophilus varies between different isolates. The conducted study compared the pathogenicity of five isolates of B. xylophilus, originating from different parts of Japan, to 3-year-old Pinus sylvestris, and their ability to reproduce in the seedlings. The results revealed diverse virulence of B. xylophilus resulting in plant mortality. Three isolates S10, Ka4, and T4 caused 100% mortality of plants within three months while at the same time, the other two isolates, C14-5 and OKD-1 did not cause any disease symptoms on plants. After seven months, some dieback occurred on two seedlings, but similar symptoms were also found on the control plant. Moreover, a significant positive correlation was found between nematode virulence and the number of nematodes reproducing on pine seedlings.
Journal of Special Education and Rehabilitation from Scientific Periphery to Relevant Scientific Journal
Authors: Trajkovski Vladimir
Published: November 2015

This editorial describes the growth of the

Macedonia is a tough periphery in the world of science. But, this does not prevent the journal to become more visible and significant in scientific areas that the field of special education and rehabilitation covers. In our country there are many factors that hinder the way for the creation of high quality scientific journal. These are discussed in detail in the paper.

To reach higher relevance of the journal, a great dedication of the people working in the publishing offices is necessary.

The editors of small journals of the region need to exchange their experiences. The editorial teams of smaller journals have to gather experience from major journals. They need to put more effort into increasing the visibility of the journal online, and they can do this by sharing the labor of the social media. The competent Ministry of Education and Science should allocate a greater percentage of the gross domestic product for publishing as small journals could become more relevant in the world of science.

The conclusion is that small journals may contribute in the world of science with relevant scientific information.
High accuracy Land Use Land Cover (LULC) maps for detecting agricultural drought effects in rainfed agro-ecosystems in central Mexico
Authors: Sierra-Soler Andres , Adamowski Jan , Qi Zhiming , Saadat Hossein , Pingale Santosh
Published: November 2015

Satellite remote sensing provides a synoptic view of the land and a spatial context for measuring drought impacts, which have proved to be a valuable source of spatially continuous data with improved information for monitoring vegetation dynamics. Many studies have focused on detecting drought effects over large areas, given the wide availability of low-resolution images. In this study, however, the objective was to focus on a smaller area (1085 km2) using Landsat ETM+ images (multispectral resolution of 30 m and 15 m panchromatic), and to process very accurate Land Use Land Cover (LULC) classification to determine with great precision the effects of drought in specific classes. The study area was the Tortugas-Tepezata sub watershed (Moctezuma River), located in the state of Hidalgo in central Mexico. The LULC classification was processed using a new method based on available ancillary information plus analysis of three single date satellite images. The newly developed LULC methodology developed produced overall accuracies ranging from 87.88% to 92.42%. Spectral indices for vegetation and soil/vegetation moisture were used to detect anomalies in vegetation development caused by drought; furthermore, the area of water bodies was measured and compared to detect changes in water availability for irrigated crops. The proposed methodology has the potential to be used as a tool to identify, in detail, the effects of drought in rainfed agricultural lands in developing regions, and it can also be used as a mechanism to prevent and provide relief in the event of droughts.