bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of the consumer characteristics of needle and tooth harrows
Authors: Eremenko Ya. V , Nesmiyan A. Yu , Kulakov A. K , Asaturyan S. V
Published: April 2022

In modern agricultural production, especially in areas of insufficient moisture, needle harrows-hoes and tooth harrows are widely used. The purpose of these groups of tools are generally alike, however, there are separate functional features. Their knowledge, possession of objective information on consumer characteristics of these tools will allow to form more rational structure of Park of cars of the agricultural enterprises, to organize their effective operation and will promote further improvement of designs of tools. The aim of the present study is a generalized comparative analysis of operational and economic characteristics and agrotechnical performance of needle harrows-hoes and tooth harrows. To achieve this goal, the study collected information about the main operational and agrotechnical characteristics of tooth harrows and harrow-hoes that were tested at the machine-testing stations of our country. The analysis of the obtained results allowed to conclude that the use of needle harrows in comparison with tooth harrows provides an increase in the productivity of aggregates by an average of 13...20 %, a decrease in the field surface crests by 15 % (3 mm), an increase in soil crumbling by 7 %. In equal conditions harrows-hoes damage 3...7 times less cultivated plants than tooth harrows. The fuel consumption and the uneven depth of tillage aggregates with a needle and Zubov harrows provided approximately the same performance. At the same time harrows hoes 1,83 times more metal than tooth and more labor-intensive in service. In General, it can be concluded that the performance characteristics and agrotechnical performance of needle harrows are higher than the ones, however, economic-lower.
Analysis of qualitative indicators of the operation of combine harvesters with various designs of threshing-separating devices
Authors: Maslov G. G , Martynov B. Yu , Belyaev A. V
Published: April 2022

The results of research on the qualitative performance of three types of combine harvesters with various designs of threshing-separating devices: the slashing type (Don-1500B), the slashing type with the accelerator (Tucano 480) and the rotor type (TORUM-740) are analyzed. The aim of the research is to reveal the best design of threshing-separating devices, which ensures the increase of combine productivity, quality of work, reduction of costs and crop losses. The urgency of the task under current market conditions is determined by the decrease in demand for Russian grain, which is sold abroad at the level of 4-5 class, and also by the need to reduce costs for the technological process and crop losses. During the research, theoretical and experimental methods were used, based on the application of the main provisions of the theory of agricultural machines and measurement methods, regulated by specific documentation. The results of theoretical studies on the determination of the dependence of the loss of the grain yield of winter wheat on the productivity of the combine harvester TORUM-740 per hour of the main time are presented. The cost of indirect losses of harvest (from macro- and micro damage to the grain of winter wheat of Olkhon type) is substantiated by various designs of threshing-separating devices. The results of laboratory studies of technological qualities of grain are presented: vitreousness, protein and raw gluten content after harvest ripening, as well as seed germination. The results of tests of combines on specific performance indicators, fuel consumption, energy intensity and grain cost are presented. It is concluded that from the self-propelled combine harvesters used in harvesting winter wheat of Olkhon type of Krasnodar Research Institute of Agriculture named after P. Lukyanenko the best operational and economic parameters and technological properties of the received grain were ensured by TORUM-740 combine.
Parametric optimization of the curvilinear working element for layerwise soil-free tillage
Authors: Parhomenko G. G
Published: April 2022

For effective functioning in conditions of insufficient and unstable moistening of the south of Russia, tillage machines are developed on the basis of the block-modular construction principle with various working elements with replaceable elements. The possibility of a combination of replaceable elements is incorporated in the design of the working element for layer-by-layer soil-free tillage. This working body is equipped with curved, planar rippers or plastic elements. Qualitative indices of the technological process of layer-by-layer soil-free tillage of the working body with a curvilinear ripper, in comparison with others, reach a higher level: 97,4...98,5 % of fractions up to 50 mm, a sharp decrease in the content of erosion-hazardous particles in the surface layer to 15,12...18,13 %. The energy consumption for the functioning of the working element with plastic elements is 6 % less than with the curved ripper. The purpose of the research шы еру reduction of energy costs due to optimization of the parameters of the working body with a curved ripper while maintaining the quality of the technological process of layered soil-free tillage. Experimental studies on the three-factor Box plan for determining the parameters of the working body with a curvilinear ripper have been carried out, which ensures a reduction in energy costs for layer-by-layer soil-free tillage. The criterion for evaluation is the traction resistance of the working body, on which the energy costs directly depend on the performance of the technological process of layer-by-layer soil-free tillage. The greatest influence on the growth of traction resistance is due to an increase in the crumbling bit angle of the barpoint. With increasing speed, a reduction in traction resistance with a lower intensity is observed. This is explained by the less significant effect of the speed of movement of the working member on its traction resistance in comparison with the propagation velocity of the stress wave. With an increase in the depth of cultivation of the soil, the traction resistance increases. When fixing the speed of moving the working element at a level of 2,5 m/s, the optimal value of the depth of tillage is 28...29 cm, the angle of crumbling of the bit is 31...31,5 degrees.
The working body for the application of mineral fertilizers
Authors: Ovchinnikov V. A , Ovchinnikova A. V
Published: April 2022

Currently, for the surface application of fertilizers, both in Europe as well as in Russia, spreader devices of various designs and arrangements are used. The metering devices in them, as a rule, are centrifugal type disk mechanisms with a vertical axis of rotation. Overview and analysis of their work shows that they do not completely meet the agrotechnical requirements, namely, distribute fertilizers on the soil surface with significant deviations from the permissible unevenness. Therefore, the development of a working body for increasing the uniformity of the distribution of mineral fertilizers over the field surface is an urgent challenge. The uniformity of the distribution of mineral fertilizers by a centrifugal working body is based on the difference in the speeds of fertilizer’s granules at the moment of their descent from the working body. The magnitude of the velocity affects the range of flight of particles (the coverage) and depends on the structural and kinematic parameters of the working body. At the department of agricultural machines of the Mordovia State University a centrifugal working body has been developed, at any point of which the descent of mineral fertilizer’s granules proceeding at different speeds. That had been achieved through the the fact that the working body contains a conical surface, along the generatrix of which, blades of different lengths are rigidly fastened. When working, the fertilizers are fed to the conical part and are distributed in a uniform layer and continue directed movement along the conical surface. The circumferential velocity of the working surface towards the base increases, and consequently the velocity of particle descent from different points of the working surface increases. The rest of the fertilizers flows continuously to the spherical disk and is directed to the soil surface by the blades. From blades of different lengths, fertilizers come off at different heights, at different angles of inclination to the horizon and at different speeds, which will affect the uniformity of their application. The results of the investigations are showed that the use of the experimental working body allows to increase the working width from 10 to 14 m and to reduce the uneven distribution of mineral fertilizers over the total width by 14,2 %.
Substantiation of the design parameters of a screw for the variable pitch of a press extruder in the preparation of a loose sunflower meal
Authors: Priporov I. E , Kurasov V. S
Published: April 2022

The purpose of the study is to reduce the energy consumption of extruding sunflower seed waste when obtaining a sunflower meal in loose form on the basis of planning a multifactor experiment. Before the beginning of the experiment, the factors were encoded by performing a linear transformation of the factor space with the transfer of the origin to the center of the experiment and the introduction of new units of measurement along the axes. The natural value of the factor variation interval was determined. Taking into account the review of literature sources, theoretical studies and scientific and technical information, factors of variation were chosen to calculate the density of sunflower meal in the loose form obtained after treating the waste of seeds on a press extruder KMZ-2. After calculating the regression coefficients, a regression equation was obtained describing the density of the sunflower meal in the loose form. A study was made of the homogeneity of the variances of the experimental responses obtained by the Cochran test, and also checked the adequacy of the obtained mathematical model with the help of the Fisher criterion. The angle of conicity of the screw, the pitch of the auger of the 2nd coiling and, to a lesser extent, the 1st coiling, including the pair interaction between the taper angle and the pitch of the screw of the 1st winding, influence the obtaining of the sunflower meal in loose form in the extruder KMZ-2. Based on the results of the three-factor experiment, the optimum design parameters of the variable-pitch screw of the KMZ-2 press-extruder were determined, which have the following values: the cone angle is 30 °, the pitch of the screw of the 2nd coiling is 28 mm, the pitch of the screw of the 1st coiling - 36 mm, which make it possible to obtain a loose sunflower meal with a density of 2139,4 kg / m3 and reduce the energy consumption of extruding sunflower seeds.
Multifunctional coulter of a tilled seeding-machine
Authors: Rudenko N. E , Kulaev E. V , Rudenko V. N , Seminskij A. V
Published: April 2022

Coulters are installed for cutting sowing grooves on the seeding-machines. The most common are disk, keeled, razor-shaped, rocker coulters. The disadvantage of disc and razor-shaped coulters is the formation of the unsealed bottom of the sowing groove, which contradicts the agrotechnical requirements. According to the recommendations, pre-sowing soil cultivation should be conducted no later than a day before sowing. However, it is practically impossible to sustain this over the whole area. Weeds appear at the period between the presowing treatment and sowing. According to the known data of Russian and foreign scientists, if, for example, weeds are not removed in tomato crops in the first 10 days, yields are reduced to 50 %. Therefore, the coulter must be equipped with a weed plow. The seed bud must penetrate as soon as possible into the lower layers of the soil and provide seed buds with water and nutrition. This task is solved by slicing when sowing the underseed gap. The field germination is ensured by close contact of the seed with the soil. Now this is achieved by installing a rolling compactor behind the coulters. However, surface compaction of the soil makes it difficult for seedlings to leave the day surface. In addition, moisture is pulled up and the weed seeds located in the upper layer, where the soil temperature is higher, grow quickly. We do not need a soil compactor, but an action directly on the seeds, ensuring their close contact with the soil. A multifunctional coulter, that has a share with 80 mm-wide shank, which is able to make seed drill of 25 mm width, a spring bar slitter for slicing underseed slit and a 3 mm diameter rod seal to ensure seed contact with the soil, was developed. Descending from the column dry soil covers groove with a thin 15...20 mm layer.
Selection of accelerated test modes for the head of cylinder of the automobile diesel engine
Authors: Gots A. N , Klevtsov V. S
Published: April 2022

The possibilities of a prediction of the heads of cylinder durability of the automotive diesel engines at the design stage and their completion to specified parameters, especially for reliability are considered. Since diesel engines operate in the unsteady modes, the main load is not only mechanical, but also thermal. At that, it occurs when the operating modes of the diesel engine change. The most loaded sections in the cylinder head are the bridges between the inlet and exhaust valves, as well as the bridges between the nozzle holes and inlet and exhaust valves. Under the influence of the thermal load, the distortions of the crystal lattice appear in the sections of the cylinder head at first, which leads to the appearance in some direction in which the greatest tangential stresses act, tears, gradually change under the influence of alternating stresses in the crack. When the total accumulated damage reaches a certain critical value, and the crack substantially weakens the cross section, fatigue failure occurs. To ensure the reliability of the diesel engine in operation, it is necessary to choose such methods of calculation and testing that would ensure a specified durability of the cylinder head. Since the reliability check in operation takes considerable time, that accelerated testing is used to reduce the test time. The place occupied by the accelerated tests in the design of diesel engines, as well as the sequence of the formation of their program are considered. It is shown that in practice it is possible to achieve only a certain degree of change in the technical condition of the cylinder head due to the degree of completeness of the accounting of the interacting operational loads and their distortion during reproduced on the test equipment. Possible modes of testing the cylinder heads on a non-motorized thermal bench are proposed with the aim of a determination their durability. They correspond to the modes of accelerated tests for the reliability of the automobile diesel engines. The problem of convergence of the results at accelerated tests and the data under operating conditions is considered.
Combined tillage machine for protective afforestation
Authors: Bartenev I. M
Published: April 2022

The main preparation of the soil for protective forest plantations on agricultural fields and tractor pass of gully slopes with the steepness up to 12° in the regions of insufficient and unstable moistening is characterized by a low degree of crumbling of the soil layer, when using plows , high energy and material intensity, multi-operation (plowing, deep loosening, destruction of soil blocks). Plowing across slopes with a steepness of more than 4-6° is made only under a slope, i.e. each working stroke is idle, and this reduces the productivity. The design of a combined tillage machine is offered, it is the hinged ripper plow PRN-40, replacing plows of general purpose PLN-4-35 and the plant PPN-40, the hinged ripper RN-80, the cultivator KRT-3 or the heavy disc harrow BDNT-3, which produces a deep layered cultivation of the soil (plowing to a depth of 25...27 cm and loosening the subsoil layer by 25...40 cm) and active circulation of the soil layer both downward and upward along the slope to 12...15 °; excluding additional treatment for the purpose of destroying soil blocks. In the plow-ripper PRN-40, the working parts of the passive (the body with the shortened blade and the deep cutter) and the active (rotary ripper) operation are used. They use power of the tractor engine through its propulsors and PTO separating the plowing process into separate operations performed at different rates of impact and subject to a layer of various non-energy-intensive types of deformation.
Calculation of the parameters of the corrector section of the speed characteristics tractor engine
Authors: Samsonov V. A , Lachuga Yu. F
Published: April 2022

One of the main indicators of the corrector section of the high-speed characteristics of the tractor engine is its torque adaptability factor. The article describes the method of General solution of the problem of calculation of this coefficient. The method is to minimize the difference between the two functions (optimality criterion): the first - the dependence of the denominator of the geometric series of gears on the coefficient of adaptability, the second-the dependence of the denominator on the tractor power range, that is, the ratio of the tangential thrust force in the last gear to the same force in the first gear. Taking into account the found coefficient of adaptability by the moment, the rotation frequency of the motor shaft at the maximum torque, the coefficient of adaptability of the engine by the shaft speed, the traction and speed ranges, the theoretical speed in the last gear are determined. The speed of the shaft at the maximum torque is determined from the condition that the engine load factor by power at the maximum torque is equal to 0,85. The power range is determined by the results of minimization of the optimality criterion, the speed range is equal to C-low. The speed of the tractor in the last gear is determined taking into account the given speed in the first gear and the found speed range. The generally accepted range of minimum values of the coefficient of adaptability, based on the time increase in traction resistance, is 1,15...1,20. In some modern tractor engines, this co-efficiency is greater than 1,2. The aim of the article is to optimize the interval of adaptability coefficient values greater than 1,2. The object of study - the engine of a wheeled tractor traction class 3. The initial material-nomi-nal traction and weight of the tractor, its traction range, the interval of theoretical speed in first gear. Research methods-nel programming using the minimization of the convex function; approximation of the linear function of the torque dependence on the current speed of the shaft. The main conclusion: given the accepted criterion of optimality, constraints, and the coefficient of variation moment of resistance of the optimum the coefficient of adaptability at the twisting mo-ment of tractor engines comply with the interval of 1,27 to 1,45.
Optimization of design parameters of radial tires of propellers of combine harvesters
Authors: Melikov I. M
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the solution of an important scientific and practical problem - optimization of the tire shell design parameters of the leading wheels of combine harvesters of high productivity, operating in conditions with low bearing capacity. Optimization of the parameters of the pneumatic tire, as a link in the oscillatory system and the main element of the wheel propulsion, is one of the directions for improving the functioning of combine harvesters. One of the factors affecting the performance indicators of combine harvesters is the perfection of wheeled propellers. Their agrotechnical properties can be improved due to a rational choice of tire parameters depending on the type of rolling surface, which will also help to reduce fuel consumption. On the basis of the abovementioned, the aim of this paper is to investigate the effect on the performance of combine harvesters of the characteristics of the tires used on the driving wheels and to improve their agrotechnical properties by optimizing the parameters of the pneumatic tires. The description, methods and results of experimental studies using specially designed and providing reliable results of devices for determining deformations of the inner and outer shells of the tire relative to the rim in the circumferential and radial directions, as well as contact pressures and stresses in the soil are described. On the basis of theoretical and experimental studies of the work of combine harvesters of high productivity, the influence of the parameters of the pneumatic tires of the driving wheels on the performance of them has been established. The optimum combination of design parameters of the experimental pneumatic tire of a radial design for grain harvesters is determined. The results of the research will make it possible to develop recommendations for the selection of optimal parameters for pneumatic tires that contribute to improving the performance of grain harvesters used under various operating conditions by bundling their driving wheels with radial-type tires.
Initial requirements for magnetic grain disinfection equipment
Authors: Pahomov A. I
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the disinfection of grain and seeds of agricultural plants in the agro-industrial complex. The pesticides, systemic fungicides, used for this purpose, in particular, lead to the development of resistance of parasitic microorganisms, as well as toxicological consequences for the environment and humans. The article suggests a new method of decontamination using a variable magnetic field of low frequency. The subject of the research was the regularities of the process of magnetic disinfection and the characteristics of technical means for its implementation. The purpose of the research is the development of initial requirements for the equipment for magnetic disinfection of grain, constructive proposals for the creation of such equipment. Research methods included analysis of internal processes in biomaterials under the influence of an alternating magnetic field, analysis of the parameters of the devices necessary to create the required field. On the basis of analytical studies, the initial requirements for magneto-disinfecting equipment and its main part - the electromagnet are formulated. An example of the practical implementation of a device that meets the initial requirements is given. The device is an electromagnet based on an asynchronous motor. The principle of magnetic decontamination and the proposed device have been tested experimentally: for the wheat grain with a total infection of fungal and bacterial infections 41 % (controlled), the reduction was achieved to 17-12 %. Critical characteristics of asynchronous motors are considered and it is concluded that certain types of engines are most consistent with the initial requirements and, therefore, are the best basis for the proposed device. In general conclusions, the 5AI112MB8, 5AI112MB6 or similar engines are recommended, while it is noted that devices based on them can work in parallel in a general decontamination unit, which multiplies the productivity. The final conclusion shows the perspective of the new technology associated with the elimination of the disadvantages of chemical etching and the advantages over other electrophysical methods in the uniformity of processing, energy efficiency, compactness and low equipment cost, the absence of harmful emissions and emissions.
The 30th anniversary of the Educational and method-ological associations of higher educational institutions of the country
Authors: Baulina E. E , Kravets V. N , Krutashov V. V , Serebryakov A. V , Sharipov V. M
Published: April 2022

The role of Educational and methodological associations, established in 1987 on the basis of an order of the Ministry of Higher Education of the USSR, in an improvement of higher education in the country is shown. The activity of the educational and methodological committee on a specialty «Automotive and tractor industry» of the Educational and methodological association of higher education institutions in the field of education of transport vehicles and technological transport complexes in a development and an improvement of the educational process in the higher education institutions that train skilled personnel for the automotive and tractor industries has been described and analyzed. The periods of historical transformations of the collective of the educational and methodological committees and the main activities in which the members of the educational and methodological committee took an active participation are shown. A brief description of the qualification level of the heads of the departments and leading professors of the departments which is part of the educational and methodological committee is given. The contents of the orders of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation on the formation of new Federal educational and methodological associations and Federal educational and methodological associations in the system of higher education on the enlarged groups of specialties and training’s directions, including, in the direction of training 23.00.00 Land transport processes and technology are briefly discussed. Excerpts from the provisions on the activities of the Coordinating council of the Federal educational and methodological associations and the Council of federal educational and methodological associations on a large group of specialties and orientations of training and tasks to be addressed by them in their work. On the basis of the conducted analysis of the long-term activity of the educational and methodological committee, it is proposed to use the rich practical experience accumulated by its members for an improvement of the educational process of the automotive and tractor departments of technical higher education institutions of the country in modern conditions. It was proposed about the expediency of participation the members of the educational and methodological committee in the work of the Federal educational and methodological association of higher education «Land transport processes and technology» as members of the Councils in the direction of the training of «Ground transportation and technological complexes» and the Council on the specialty «Ground transport and technological vehicles».
The influence of modifiers on the conservation of rubber products of agricultural machinery
Authors: Mel'kumova T. V
Published: April 2022

The purpose of the research is to determine the efficiency of various modifiers for increasing the re-sistance of rubber products to the effects of ozone contained in the air, under a long-term storage of agri-cultural machinery in open areas during the off-season. The task of the research is to determine the pro-tective properties of rubber modifiers under the conditions of the destructive effect of ozone. Experimental investigations were carried out in the ozone chamber OMS-1 using standard techniques. Ozone aging was carried out consistently in three stages respectively with stretching samples at 20, 30, 50 %, the duration of each stage of the experiment - 6 hours. After each stage of the tests, visual inspection of the samples was carried out. The ability of a deformed sample to resist the destructive effect of ozone was determined by the time of appearance of the first cracks visible to the naked eye on the surface of the sample. The results of the data obtained during the experiment showed that the introduction of the modifiers «Stillage bottoms of telomeric alcohols» and «Fluorine paraffins» into the rubber of the brand NO-68-1B-1 (from BNKS-18A rubber) already at the first stage of testing leads to the appearance of a continuous mesh small cracks on the samples surface. On samples from this rubber, subjected to surface fluoridation at the last stage of the test, a number of edge cracks up to 11 mm in length and up to 1 mm deep are appeared. On samples from the rubber of grade 26-82-4 (from SKEPT-50 rubber), the pointed cracks appear on rubber samples, and the modification of this rubber with the composition «Stillage bottoms of telomeric alcohols» accelerates this process. The experimental samples of rubber IR-5-1, as modified and as subjected to surface fluorination, have withstood the ozone aging test without traces of destruction. The results of the conducted studies allow us to conclude that it is necessary to develop new protective compositions that exclude the destruction of rubber technical products of agricultural machinery during long-term storage in open areas.
Substantiation of constructive and technological parameters of a cylindrical cleaner of soil impurities of onion harvester
Authors: Sibirev A. V , Dorokhov A. S , Aksenov A. G
Published: April 2022

A special feature of harvesting onion is that the composition of the impurities of the onion-soil heap coming from digging up to the separating working organs is soil lumps commensurate in size with onion bulbs, which are difficult to separate into slit (bar elevators, screens) working organs. Secondary separation of onion on the most common secondary separation devices - pinholes - is restrained by the heterogeneity of the mechanical properties of the harvested onions. In well-ripened onions with dead tops the roll-off angles are clearly separated from the rolling-off angles of plant and small soil impurities, but when the undersized tops are separated, it is difficult to separate bulbs and impurities from the paltry hill. The separation of root crops and onions from impurities in mechanical separators is based on the physico-mechanical properties of the interacting products: friction coefficients, surface shape factors, speed recovery coefficients, mass, density and strength characteristics. This circumstance is caused by the fact that the excretion of soil lumps on the slit working bodies (rod conveyors and screens) occurs according to dimensional features and this does not lead to the solution of the existing problem: the separation of soil lumps commensurate in size with onion bulbs. The article presents the design of a cylindrical soil purifier that ensures the maximum completeness of separation of a heap of onions from soil impurities, including from commensurate soil lumps. The results of theoretical studies of a cylindrical soil purifier on the substantiation of structural and process parameters during the separation of onion-seed heap from soil impurities are presented.
Low-cost, eco-friendly diesel with a thermally insulated combustion chamber
Authors: Merzlikin V. G , Makarov A. R , Smirnov S. V , Kostukov A. V , Gutierrez Marcos Ojeda
Published: April 2022

The performance of a diesel engine has been studied using well-known types of ceramic thermal insulating HIC or thermal barrier TBC coatings. This problem is relevant for a diesel engine with low thermal losses of the combustion chamber, in which the intense radiant component (in the near-IR range) reaches ∼ 50 % of the total heat flow. In this paper, the authors continued to study these coatings, but as translucent (SHICs or STBCs) with bulk absorption of penetrating radiant energy. The spectrophotometric modeling of the optical parameters of these coatings made it possible to estimate the characteristics of the temperature field being formed with a reduced near-surface temperature gradient (compared to opaque coatings), causing a significant decrease in heat loss through the heat-insulated piston. A translucent STBC coating based on partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ ceramics ZrO2 + 8 % Y2O3) was chosen, determining the formation of the optimum temperature profile in the piston head. For bench testing was used experimental single-cylinder tractor diesel. With a rotation frequency of n > 2800 1/min, the heat loss did not exceed 0,2 MW/m2 through the bottom of the piston with the heat-shielding layer. The tests performed showed a lower specific fuel consumption of ∼ 2-3 % in comparison with the combustion chamber of a diesel engine with an uncoated ceramic piston. At the same time, torque and effective power increased by ∼ 2-5 %.
The results determine the acceleration and the mass of the tractor MTZ-80
Authors: Arzhenovskiy A. G , Asaturyan S. V , Dagldiyan A. A , Kozlov D. S , Shchus E. R
Published: April 2022

The performance of machine-tractor units depends on many factors and production conditions, and primarily on the energy intensity of the process. The main indicator of the energy intensity of the process is the traction resistance of the aggregated agricultural machine. The absence of a simple and reliable method for determining this indicator leads to the heterogeneity of the devices used, often manufactured on their own, and this entails different reliability of the results. Therefore, the development of methods and means of determining the traction resistance of agricultural machines, acceptable not only for testing stations, but also for specific farms, is very relevant and of considerable interest. In this paper, we propose an operational method for determining the traction resistance of mounted agricultural machines, based on the analysis of parameters of transient acceleration modes of machine-tractor units with an instantaneous increase in fuel flow. The aim of the work is to develop and complete the measuring and computing complex, as well as to conduct experimental studies to determine the values of acceleration of the tractor and its reduced weight on one of the increased gears, allowing to implement this method of determining the resistance of agricultural machines. For the realization of left targets was developed and assembled measuring and computing complex determine the dynamic characteristics of machine-tractor units, through which with the aid of patented techniques on the base station «Kislyakovskaya» Kushchevskaya district of Krasnodar region was carried out experimental studies to determine the acceleration values of the tractor MTZ-80 and its given mass in one of the elevated gear. The obtained results allow to implement the proposed method for determining the traction resistance of agricultural machinery.
State and prospects of tractor industry development for the agroindustrial complex of Russia
Authors: Gorbachiov I V , Nefiodov A M
Published: April 2022

Problems of domestic tractor industry state and prospects of its development are considered.
Machine systems for the production of fuel chips from woody biomass using the full-tree harvesting method
Authors: Sukhanov Yu V , Seliverstov A A , Syunev V S , Gerasimov Yu Yu
Published: April 2022

The processing chain and corresponding machine systems for woody biomass harvesting and fuel chips production from logging residues, low-quality and small-sized wood are examined. The features of these systems are the possibility of full-tree harvesting during principal felling and cleaning cutting.
The main design parameters of a compact settling chamber
Authors: Saitov V Ye , Grigoryev D V
Published: April 2022

The analytical expressions are received, allowing to define the basic design data parameters of a space-saving settling chamber of the closed pneumoseparator for conditions of its effective functioning at grain cleaning.
Reduction of nitric oxides' content in the exhaust gases of diesel engine by means of methanol application with usage of double fuel supply system
Authors: Likhanov V A , Lopatin O P , Anfilatov A A
Published: April 2022

Д-21А1 (2Ч 10.5/12.0) tractor diesel engine was researched for the improvement of ecological performance by methanol application with the use of double fuel supply system in Vyatka State Agricultural Academy. Possibility of improvement of ecological performance of a diesel engine, in particular the reduction of nitric oxides in exhaust gases, economy of diesel fuel and increase of effective results, is established.
Efficient assessment of traction and transport machines' clutch slip
Authors: Geraschenko V V , Yaskevich M Ya , Mironov K D , Geraschenko A V , Boyko A A , Lesnik O A
Published: April 2022

A digital device for rapid detection of the clutch skidding of traction and transport machines has been developed. The device is designed to augment the wheel power, improve fuel efficiency and lessen the probability of failure by getting of digital information about the skidding at any moment of vehicle operation.
Control system of electromechanical transmission of the mobile power module
Authors: Levtsev A P , Dushutin K A , Maltsev S A , Mindrov K A
Published: April 2022

An automatic two-channel control system of module with electromechanical transmission including power channel and technological channel is offered. Authors have also analyzed the factors that influence on power inputs at the cutting of herbage during the work of a segment-finger mower with electromechanical drive. An algorithm for calculation of resistance by segment-manual mower operation, which takes into account power consumption for the fluctuations of twisting moment and angular speed is given.
A tool for tillage in areas exposed to water erosion
Authors: Sokolov N M
Published: April 2022

Construction of a tool for the beardless ridge-coulisses tillage on sloping agricultural landscapes is given. The design of process of forming the ridge-stubbles coulisses, ensuring the reduction of melt water and erosion processes is described. New tool provides the high technological reliability during the tillage on various agricultural backgrounds when soil moisture in the plow layer is up to 25% and hardness is up to 3 MPa.
The influence of planetary clutch gear ratio on the rigidity of pneumohydraulic elastic element
Authors: Kuznetsov N G , Nekhoroshev D A , Nekhoroshev D D
Published: April 2022

The influence of planetary muff gear ratio on the rigidity of pneumohydraulic elastic element has been analyzed.
Сombined tool for fallow land tillage for a class 5 tractor
Authors: Astafyev V L , Bobkov S I , Plokhotenko M A
Published: April 2022

Main problems connected with disuse of waste and fallow land are analyzed. A new combined tool for the fallow land tillage is under development. Industrial tests of its specimen showed that the new tool, in comparison with single-purpose ones, can improve performance at least twofold, reduce total cost in 1.9 times and fuel consumption at least in 2.3 times.
Analysing the process of loose material transportation in a horizontal flexible auger
Authors: Zolotariov P S
Published: April 2022

Experimental data on the visualization of transportation process of loose material are considered using Lagrange approach and radiography. On the basis of experimental data and a model of coaxial cylinders, a class of exact decisions for the speed field of loose material in spiral-screw device is received for the first time. The good consensus of trajectories of a liquid particle and a marker confirms the adequacy of developed physical and mathematical model.
Laboratory experiment-calculated complex for the investigation of traction and power properties of wheeled mover
Authors: Chizhov D A , Gorelov V A , Kotiyev G O
Published: April 2022

The design of «Ground channel» test bench with hardware component and methodology of experimental research of wheeled mowers are presented. The results of studies in form of integral characteristics (traction-cohesion and traction-power) of mover's interaction with the supporting surface and a method of use of experimental characteristics for the simulation of rectilinear motion of wheeled vehicles are given.
Estimation of optimal area of sustained power engine operation using the effective power criterion
Authors: Dzhabborov N I , Eviyev V A , Ochirov N G
Published: April 2022

Maintenance of optimal values of loading level within wide limits on the criterion of effective power maximum permits to improve the level of engine power use and efficiency.
Results of research and analysis of tractor diesel engines operation in transient regimes
Authors: Antipin V P , Vlasov Ye N , Karshev G V
Published: April 2022

Results of bench tests of tractor diesel engines in transient regimes are presented. The frequencies of load oscillations on motor shaft, attended by the increased fuel consumption and the high rate of friction pairs wear are determined. Reasons of occurrence of resonant phenomena, increased fuel consumption and high wear rate are established. Measures reducing the negative effects are recommended.
Modern tribology and the main causes of machine's parts wear
Authors: Moroz V P
Published: April 2022

The current conception of influence of friction, lubrication, corrosion and other factors on the endurance of machines in running of machine and tractor fleet is considered.
Material and power costs of machine-tractor unit operation as the complex criterion of its quality estimation
Authors: Roslavtsev A V , Sapozhnikov I I
Published: April 2022

Possibility to estimate the machine-tractor units' quality on the base of material and power costs taking into account the coefficient of efficiency of unit under execution of technological operations of agricultural production is grounded.
Hardening of track's pins of tracked machines with screw compression during the high-temperature thermomechanical processing
Authors: Zasypkin A D , Dementyev V B
Published: April 2022

The stress-strain state of metal in deformation zone under the screw compression is considered using a mathematical model of process. This model allows to determine the limiting tangential stresses in a workpiece at the exit of deformation zone, which do not lead to the destruction provided by twist in the process of deformation.
Choosing abrasive materials for the grinding of iron-based plasma coatings
Authors: Alekseyev N S , Ivanov S V , Boyko Ye A , Kaporin V A
Published: April 2022

Test results of wear resistance of some abrasive grains made of different abrasive materials during the microcutting of plasma coating and hardened steel 45 are published. As a result of given research the most wear resistant abrasives during the microcutting of specified materials have been found out. Electronic-microscopic and micro-X-ray spectral research of working surfaces of isolated grains allowed to reveal the physical and chemical processes in contact between abrasive and metal, and also to establish the adhesion activity of abrasive materials related to the plasma coating.
A method of diagnostics of hydraulic drive units
Authors: Pavlov A I , Loschionov P Yu
Published: April 2022

A method of high-pressure hoses diagnosis and a device ensuring the reliable forecasting of their technical state and remaining life are presented.
On the Regulations on safety in the repair and maintenance service of agricultural machinery
Authors: Burenko L A , Filippova Ye M , Ivleva I B , Doronin D V , Kazakova V A
Published: April 2022

The need for a new regulatory and technical document Regulations on Safety in the repair and maintenance service of agricultural machinery is grounded. The results of monitoring of repair and service enterprises, production sites, working places, technological equipment as well as the sources of occupational risks are shown.
Analysis of conceptual approaches to the solution of work-mechanization problem in farms
Authors: Voynash S A , Voynash A S
Published: April 2022

Proposals on mechanization of operations in farms by means of application of new small-sized machinery, namely tractor-mobiles and autotractors, are considered. Ways of autotractor cross-country ability improvement in severe soil conditions and realization of self-loading and unloading are projected.
Is the agro-industrial sector of Russian Federation stagnating or developing?
Authors: Zhalnin E V
Published: April 2022

Some aspects of current state and development of the agro-industrial sector of Russian Federation are considered. Analysis of various opinions is given. Statistical data concerning the considerable drop of domestic industrial potential and the increase of dependence on import for the last 20 years is cited. Directions of overcoming the crisis in agro-industrial sector are designated. The role of WTO and possible consequences of joining this organization are estimated.
A method of agricultural tractors grouping for the analysis and forecasting of their market in Russia
Authors: Mininzon V I , Parfionov A P
Published: April 2022

A method of tractors grouping based on traction and capacity assessment is proposed, which allows to analyze and forecast the market segmentation more effectively in comparison with ordinary grouping methods based on engine capacity assessment.
Theoretical estimate of traction and coupling performance of wheel tractors
Authors: Gapich D S , Nesmiyanov I A , Shiryayeva Ye V
Published: April 2022

A method of wheel tractors slipping curve construction for the purpose of automated predicting estimation of traction and power indicators is considered.
Features of operation of motor transport diesel working on ethanol and fuel emulsion
Authors: Likhanov V A , Rossokhin A V , Chuprakov A I
Published: April 2022

Possibility of ethanol and fuel emulsions' application as an alternative fuel for diesel engines is considered. Indicator parameters, environmental indexes and characteristics of heat generation during the diesel engine operation on ethanol and fuel emulsion are given.
Estimated indices of electrical-discharge machining at reinforcement and parts reclamation: drift speed of charged particles
Authors: Pavlov V Z , Kolomeychenko A V , Kuznetsov I S
Published: April 2022

An attempt of theoretical determination of velocity of the charged particles' drift between electrodes during the electrical-discharge machining depending on voltage on electrodes and environmental parameters is carried out.
Resistance to abrasive wear of restored and hardened Lemken plow shares
Authors: Mikhalchenkov A M , Budko S I
Published: April 2022

A linear dependence of wear on the lifelength is determined. Resistance to abrasive wear of restored shares hardened by wear-resistant surfacing is commensurable to the resistance of proprietary shares, though its dynamics is different for factory and restored parts.
Swelling of samples of automotive rubber products in standard fluid, engine oil and tribotechnical compound
Authors: Azanov A. V , Bernackij V. V , Razuvaev P. E , Hlopkov S. V , Hodyakov A. A
Published: April 2022

In this paper the change in the properties of rubber products of automobile under the influence of temperatures and when working in an aggressive environment was studied by authors. The radial tire protector samples (Barum 155/70 R13 75T Brillantis 2) with dimensions not exceeding 2×10-2×1.5×-2×5×10-3 [m], seal samples (of 2108-170342-01 type) in the form of a semicircle of 2.7·10-2×7·10-3×2·10-3 [mm] size, both original and aged rubber samples were tested. Aging was carried out in a stream of air, forcibly pumped through the reactor with the rubber placed in it. The heat treatment time was 12-100 hours, the temperature was 70-150 ° C. The change in the properties of rubber was evaluated by the parameter of the change in the mass of the samples (original and aged) after their contact with the liquid. The resistance of rubber to the action of liquids was studied, the kinetics of rubber swelling was studied. As the standard liquid the isooctane (2,2,4-trimethylpentane) was used. The experiments were carried with synthetic engine oil (SEO) “GENESIS CLARITECH” 5W-30 and tribotechnical composition (tribotechnical compounds; TC) “ACTIVE PLUS” (“suprotec”). The use of tribotechnical composition as a test fluid for rubbers was motivated by the purpose of assessing the chemical activity of the “suprotec”, when used in engines operating under conditions of high loads. The kinematic viscosity of SEO and TC was determined (in the temperature range from 20 ° C to 100 ° C) by the HPLC-4 viscometers, the density (ρ) of the liquids was measured with oil-meters. The hardness of the rubber samples was evaluated by measuring the resistance of the rubber by immersion of the indenter (a spring-loaded rod) into it. The indicator of the hour type ICh-02 (accuracy class 0) was used as a gauge.