bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pursuing a mission or providing a service? Medical profession in the consumer society
Authors:   INION RAN, Bolshakova Olga
Published: March 2022

The article traces the history of the medical profession during the twentieth century and its transformation under the influence of commercialization and the development of consumerism culture in the USA. The conflict between professional ethics and the market values introduced to health care by the ideas of neoliberalism is discussed. The study emphasizes close connection between the processes of standardization, bureaucratization, and the practice of consumerism in health care, which reduce professional autonomy of healthcare providers and contribute to deprofessionalization.
Consumer lending in the modern consumer society: development problems and consequences
Authors:   INION RAN, Semeko Galina
Published: March 2022

Consumer lending is examined as a fundamental institution of modern society, which accelerates investment and spreads the debt model of consumption. The factors of consumer credit expansion and the impact of consumer loans on the economy and people's welfare are analyzed. The development of consumer lending in Russia and the associated problems and risks are discussed.
Clinical Engineering Role in the Development of Emergency Use Medical Devices
Authors: Ayala Roberto
Published: March 2022

Clinical Engineering professionals have a key role in healthcare institutions during the pandemic caused by the COVID-19 disease, mainly by supporting the front line by allowing the proper and timely access of the medical equipment required to diagnose and treat patients affected. But another one of their roles, probably one not so expected, has been their contributions for the development of emergency use medical devices, especially those for respiratory and oxygen therapy. By using the case of critical care use ventilators, and as presented during an IFMBE-CED webinar on the topic, this paper mentions the role of Clinical Engineers for the rapid response manufacturing of such vital care devices, in three main aspects: development, regulation and education. The results from such efforts have paid off by having safe and efficient support equipment while the shortage from commercial products have been receding, by establishing international guidelines for future innovators to take into consideration and by leaving valuable knowledge in the form of educational and training videos for future generations to consult from.
The Practice of Everyday Death: On the Paratactical “Life” of Neo-liberal Biopolitics
Authors: Murray Stuart J.
Published: March 2022

As a critical counter-reading of Michel de Certeau’s classic text, The Practice of Everyday Life, this essay argues that today, in the age of neo-liberal biopolitics, it is death that is quotidian. While “life” itself now figures as the paratactical and memetic ruse of our dominant order, the essay problematizes conventional forms of tactical resistance, claiming that resistance is often complicitous and has been co-opted in advance. It is death that must henceforth inform our struggles to make (a) life in the ruins. Examples of racialized deaths suggest a rhetorical agency, and a rallying cry, for political protest and resistance beyond the tactics of a progressive embourgeoisement.
Principal Leadership: Building Trust to Support School Improvement
Authors: Hallam Pamela R. , Mathews Joseph L.
Published: March 2022

To develop trust, leaders must understand the determinants of a trusting organization. This study examined how an elementary school principal, new to a school that had been designated in need of improvement, reacted to this status and worked to develop trust in a climate of low trust and increasing public accountability. Hoy and Tschannen-Moran (1999), after having tested five facets of trust in their research of schools, present trust as a multidimensional construct. Using their model, this study examined how trust emerged between the principal and the teachers and between the principal and the parents. Specifically, this article describes and analyzes 10 practices that illuminate each of the five facets of trust. Ultimately, trust was found to be a powerful support for school improvement in this setting.
Connections between Eocene Lakes Uinta and Gosiute with emphasis on the infilling stage of Lake Uinta in Piceance Basin
Authors: Johnson Ronald C , Birdwell Justin E , Brownfield Michael E , Mercier Tracey J , Hansley Paula L
Published: March 2022

Late in its history, Eocene saline Lake Gosiute in the Greater Green River Basin, Wyoming and Colorado was progressively filled from north to south with coarse volcaniclastic sediments. During the infilling, Lake Gosiute began to drain southward across the Axial arch into saline Lake Uinta in the Piceance and Uinta Basins, Colorado and Utah (about 49 Ma) causing Lake Gosiute to freshen. Once Lake Gosiute was filled entirely (about 48 Ma), volcaniclastic sediments spilled over into Lake Uinta. The first coarse volcanic sediments entered the north part of Lake Uinta near the present-day mouth of Yellow Creek 15 miles south of the Axial arch during deposition of the Mahogany oil shale zone. There is evidence that a south-flowing river entered Lake Uinta from the Axial arch starting early in the history of the lake and prior to substantial outflow from Lake Gosiute began. A petrographic study of sandstones from this period is consistent with an Axial arch source. It is likely that the outflow channel occupied this preexisting drainage. Determining when outflow from Lake Gosiute began to move through this preexisting channel is difficult as mainly mud-sized sediments would have entered Lake Uinta from Lake Gosiute prior to infilling. In addition, reliable dates for most of the strata deposited in Lake Uinta are lacking. A partial section of Lake Uinta strata is preserved at Deep Channel Creek about 10 mi south of the Axial arch. Here, the R-6 oil shale zone, below the Mahogany zone, has graded into fluvial strata—the only place in the basin where this zone is not lacustrine. In addition, the underlying L-5 zone is atypically sandy. We propose that Lake Gosiute began to drain into Lake Uinta starting at about the beginning of deposition of the L-5 oil shale zone increasing the input of sediments into the northern part of Lake Uinta. Mud-sized sediments could have come from Lake Gosiute, but the coarser sediments likely came from the Axial arch. Volcaniclastic sediments produced a rapidly prograding deltaic complex that ultimately filled in much if not all of the eastern part of Lake Uinta. The first volcanic sediments to reach the deep depocenter were mainly finegrained turbidites but ultimately the depocenter was largely filled by slumps off the over-steepened delta front. A petrographic study of the volcaniclastic sandstones indicates that the Absaroka volcanic field in northwest Wyoming is the likely source of the volcanic fraction.
Tachinids from Kamchatka (Diptera: Tachinidae)
Authors: Richter V.A. , Wood D.M.
Published: March 2022

24 species of tachinids are recorded from Kamchatka, among them 22 species, for the first time.
Assessing Machine Learning Methods for Predicting Diabetes among Pregnant Women
Authors: Zaman Zahura , Shohas Md. Ashrak Al Arif , Bijoy Mahedi Hasan , Hossain Meherab , Sakib Shakawat Al
Published: March 2022

Machine Learning has a big impact on a lot of different scientific and technical disciplines, including medical research and Biophysics. Diabetes is a chronic condition marked by abnormally high glucose levels and the body's inefficient utilization of insulin. Diabetes is now becoming a leading cause of death all over the world. The objective of this article was to use multiple. Machine Learning methods are used to create a model with a limited number of dependencies, which could be used to study diabetic patients and diagnose diabetes using the PIMA dataset. Some of the most well-known prediction algorithms employed in this system are SVM (support vector machine), Multinomial Naive Bayes, Random forest, and Decision tree. Use these algorithms to construct a gathering of models by combining multiple combinations into one. This will enhance performance and accuracy.
Granular materials based on expanded sands and their production waste
Authors:   Rudny Industrial Institute, Rudny, Kazakhstan, Miryuk O. , Zagorodnyuk L.H. ,   Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov, Belgorod, Russia
Published: March 2022

The article presents the results of studies of granular materials obtained by non-firing technology. For the formation of granules, composite cement and magnesia binders containing waste products of expanded perlite and expanded clay are proposed. Mechanical activation of composite binders intensifies the processes of hydration and structure formation, contributes to increasing the strength of materials. The combination of a binder with a filler in the form of waste from the production of porous aggregates ensures a decrease in the density of the binder, the formation of a finely dispersed porous structure of the composite material, the formation of stable hydrates. The porous structure of the granules is provided by the use of porous sand to form the core of the granules. Studies of the structure of granules by electron microscopy revealed that the reliable adhesion of particles of porous sand with a composite binder stone provides high strength of porous granular materials. Cement granules based on expanded perlite sand are characterized by a density of 300 – 400 kg/m3 and a compressive strength of 1.8 – 2.6 MPa. Magnesia granules based on expanded clay sand have a density of 450 – 500 kg/m3 and compressive strength of 3.5 – 5.7 MPa. The work is aimed at creating effective building materials using resource-saving technology, at the rational use of production waste.
The problem of optimizing pumping units for oil transportation
Authors:   Satbayev University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Bekibayev T.T. , Ramazanova G.I. ,   Satbayev University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Pakhomov M.A. ,   Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
Published: March 2022

During pipeline transportation of oil through main oil pipelines, the greater part of the energy consumed is spent on the operation of main and booster pumping units at oil pumping stations. In this regard, the determination of the optimal operating modes of pumping units is an urgent problem for energy saving. The article is devoted to the optimization of the operation of pumping units for energy saving of oil pipeline transport. The operation of pumping units is regulated using removable rotors with different diameters of impellers or a frequency-controlled drive. An optimization criterion has been formulated to minimize the operating costs of pumping units. A technique for determining the energy consumption of pumping units with different diameters of impellers and a frequency-controlled drive is presented. An algorithm for finding the optimal operating mode of pumping units is presented, which was built using the definitions of graph theory and dynamic programming.
Substantiation of the specific energy intensity of drilling as a criterion characterizing the explosive destruction of rocks on the example of the Koktaszhal
Authors:   Karaganda Technical University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan, Ozhigin S.G. , Chunuev I.K. ,   Kyrgyz State University of Geology, Mining and Natural Resources Development named after Academician U.A. Asanaliev, Kyrgyzstan, Musin R.A. ,   Karaganda Technical University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan, Tyan S.G. ,   Karaganda Technical University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
Published: March 2022

Drilling and blasting operations are one of the most important components of the mining industry. Currently, further improvement and optimization of technological processes at mining enterprises are possible mainly due to the determination and constant monitoring of the mining and technological properties of the rock mass – their drillability, explosivity and exaviability. A prospective assessment of the explosivity of rocks in the massif, which is the basis for designing and calculating the parameters of the DBO, is currently possible only using the energy parameters of technological work. The article provides information on methods for studying the strength and elastic characteristics of rocks in natural occurrence. The results of the study of the relationship between the specific energy intensity of drilling and explosive destruction of rocks are presented. The correlation between the specific energy intensity of drilling and the propagation velocity of elastic longitudinal waves is also considered. A comparative analysis is carried out between the traditional calculation of the explosive index using the results of laboratory studies on the physical and mechanical properties of the rocks of the Koktaszhal deposit and the calculation of the explosive destruction index taking into account the energy parameters of drilling. The validity of the use of the specific energy intensity of drilling as a criterion characterizing the explosive destruction of rocks in the design of drilling and blasting operations is shown.
Evaporation thermodynamics and sublimation of aluminum telluride
Authors:   “Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation” JSC, Satbayev University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Burabaeva N.M. , Volodin V.N. ,   “Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation” JSC; Satbayev University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Nitsenko A.V. ,   “Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation” JSC; Satbayev University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Tuleutai F.Kh. ,   “Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation” JSC; Satbayev University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: March 2022

The analysis of the researches completed by now showed the lack of information concerning the definition of quantity of the vapor pressure values over the molten and crystalline aluminum chalcogenide. In the work presented here, the saturated vapor pressure over liquid and crystalline aluminum sesquitelluride was determined for the first time by the boiling point method (isothermal version). The compound was synthesized from elements, with a purity of 99.99 wt. %, identified by X-ray phase analysis as a monophase Al2Te3 was used as a research object. Certain vapor pressure of liquid Al2Te3 corresponds to the dependence, vapor pressure over crystalline telluride is Based on the values of saturated vapor, the temperature dependence of the Gibbs free energy of evaporation and sublimation was determined, by differentiating which concerning temperature, the entropies of the condensed phase - vapor transformation were calculated, and then the enthalpy. Thermodynamic functions were as follows: entropy of evaporation of the liquid phase - 60.71 ± 4.08 J/(mol K), enthalpy - 98.65 ± 6.64 kJ/mol; entropy of sublimation of the crystalline phase - 69.37 ± 4.67 J/(mol K), enthalpy - 108.73 ± 7.31 kJ/ mol. The low value of entropy of the aluminum telluride transfer to the vapor phase indicates the presence of associates in the vapor and of the congruent character of evaporation and sublimation of Al2Te3 indirectly. Defined as the difference between the sublimation enthalpies and evaporation, the enthalpy of aluminum telluride melting was 10.08 ± 0.68 kJ/mol, the entropy calculated similarly was 8.66 ± 0.58 J/(mol K). The data obtained coincide with the thermodynamic values found by other authors by calorimetric methods.
Cluster-associate model of the viscosity of potassium carbonat
Authors:   Karaganda Technical University, Kazakhstan, Karaganda, Bekbayeva L.A. , Malyshev V.P. ,   Chemical and Metallurgical Institute named after Zh. Abishev, Kazakhstan, Karaganda, Mamyachenkov S.V. ,   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Russian Federation, Yekaterinburg, Makasheva A.M. ,   Karaganda Technical University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
Published: March 2022

In the article, the temperature dependence of the viscosity of a complex inorganic substance - potassium carbonate was obtained and the proposed mathematical model was verified. Viscosity is considered as a chaosensitive property of a liquid inherent in it in motion and at rest. The mathematical model of viscosity was developed using the Boltzmann distribution and the concept of chaotic particles. On this basis, a hierarchical cluster-associate viscosity model is constructed, which takes into account not only the formation of primary clusters, but also secondary associates with respect to them, with the possibility of identifying the degree of cluster association. To adapt the cluster-associated model to experimental data, certain data processing techniques have been developed to identify unknown parameters of the model. The method of processing viscosity data using the entire set of three reference points allows you to determine the indicator of the degree of aggregation of associates. When processing the data on the viscosity of potassium carbonate, a high correlation coefficient was established calculated in comparison with reference values, which indicates the adequacy of the new relationship. This model makes it possible to predict the behavior of the viscosity of potassium carbonate in a higher temperature range. The degree of association of clusters with an increase in temperature decreases, corresponding to the dynamics of the destruction of associates and viscosity in general.
Financing Gender Equality
Authors: Dursun Ayse , Lang Sabine , Sauer Birgit
Published: March 2022

State budgets reflect political priorities, providing a measure of issue relevance over time and comparatively across states. This article offers the first analysis of Länder budgets for women’s policy agencies (WPA) in Germany and Austria between 1991 and 2018. Comparing Länder WPA budgets provides insights into material allocations to, and the conditionality of, gender politics in Germany’s strongly federalized state and Austria’s weak federation. We find that German Länder budgeted for independent WPA earlier than Austrian Länder. However, with the advent of the 1999 Austrian coalition of Christian Democrats and the right-wing Freedom Party, which aimed to dismantle national-level gender policies, Austrian Länder investment in WPA grew to compensate for diminishing federal funds. The party constellation in power mattered more in Austria, but in both countries the parties in power were more important for WPA financing than the descriptive representation of women in Länder parliaments.
Narrating Political Subjectivity
Authors: Clemens Manuel
Published: March 2022

The currently changing political landscape in Europe and the United States gives rise to the question of what the tasks of Bildung are right now. Are the humanities able to engender a conversation about the deep divisions between liberals, conservatives, and even anti-liberals? Do they have the wisdom to reach out equally to Obama voters with progressive values, to conservatives who believe strongly in family, the nation, and God, and to supporters of populist parties with strong anti-liberal tendencies? The article addresses these questions by arguing for a political Bildungsroman and scrutinizing political subjectivity as meticulously as Freud interpreted dreams in psychoanalysis.
Singapore and China: Overstepping the 30-year Milestone of Diplomatic Relations
Authors:   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of sciences (MOSCOW), Astafieva Ekaterina
Published: March 2022

The article discusses the stages of development of Singaporean-Chinese cooperation and the establishment of diplomatic relations between the countries. The author pays attention to Singa-pore's reaction to the escalation of tensions between China and the United States, analyzes the consequences of this confrontation and the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic on the Singaporean economy and the general balance of power in the Southeast Asian region.
On the Fight against COVID-19 in Indonesia and Russian-Indonesian Cooperation in this Area. (Part 1.)
Authors:   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of sciences (MOSCOW), Kochetkova Ekaterina
Published: March 2022

The article is devoted to the situation and the fight against coronavirus in Indonesia in 2020-2021, against the background of the political and economic crisis in the world due to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the main prospects for Russian-Indonesian cooperation in this area.
Papua New Guinea during the Third Wave of COVID-19
Authors:   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of sciences (MOSCOW), Miklouho-Maclay Niсkolay
Published: March 2022

The article reviews measures taken by the Government of Papua New Guinea in 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic, restrictions and quarantine features, analyzes their effectiveness and describes the three pandemic outbreaks in the country.
Using General Collective Intelligence to Re-think Decision-Systems and Other Information Technologies & Information Systems to Better Inform Pandemic Responses
Authors: Williams Andy E
Published: March 2022

The emerging science of Human-Centric Functional Modeling uses functional state spaces to provide a completely self-contained representation of human perceptions in the functional domain of each consciously observable human system (body, emotions, mind, consciousness). In the case of the cognitive system (mind) this constitutes a complete semantic model of information. This semantic model is required to implement a General Collective Intelligence software platform hypothesized to be capable of acting as a collective cognition that significantly increases capacity for group problem-solving through collective reasoning. This paper explores how the lack of this General Collective Intelligence based decision-making platform, and hence the lack of this semantic modeling, might be a systemic error in all group decisions, including policy decisions, with the result of preventing governments from achieving optimal outcomes with regards to the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper also explores why this newly emerging science of General Collective Intelligence or GCI as a model of collective decision-making is predicted to radically increase capacity to solve collective problems, and why this is predicted to radically impact COVID-19 response policy.
Towards a Data Science for General Collective Intelligence
Authors: Williams Andy E
Published: March 2022

The recently emerging science of Human-Centric Functional Modeling has been used to define functional state spaces to describe data regarding systems, where implementations of such functional state spaces are hypothesized to be graph databases that represent complete semantic models of information. A General Collective Intelligence is a hypothetical platform that leverages such semantic models to gain a predicted exponential increase in the general problem-solving ability of groups, which entails a significantly increased capacity to navigate data towards a solution to any problem that can be defined in such data. This paper explores the implications of these emerging fields in data science.
Preliminary N2O Emissions of Major Vegetable Cropping Systems in Peri-urban Hanoi, Vietnam
Authors: Hung Nguyen Phi , Ampt Peter , Rogers Gordon , Ha Ly Thi Thu
Published: March 2022

Crop management practices in intensive vegetable production can influence nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from soils. This study quantified seasonal N2O emissions and N2O emission intensities, and investigated the factors driving emissions in different vegetable management practices. Emissions from four typical vegetable crops (two choy sums, a mustard, and a cabbage) were intensively measured over the 2016 autumn season on farms in Van Noi and Dang Xa communes in the Hanoi peri-urban area. Different N2O emissions were observed in the four leafy vegetable crops. The average daily emissions varied from 12.15 g to 40.08 g N2O-N ha-1 and the autumn season N2O emissions varied from 1.13 kg to 8.45 kg N2O-N ha-1 across the four crops. The greatest daily and season emissions were from cabbage, and the lowest were from mustard. Emission intensities varied among the types of vegetables and was the lowest at the mustard farm (37 kg CO2-e t-1), indicating that the crop management practices increased the mustard yield but retained a low N2O emission rate. Practices responsible for high N2O emissions were overuse of nitrogen fertilisers and furrow irrigation. An improvement in the farmers’ adoption of best practices in fertiliser application and irrigation could reduce N2O emissions without affecting crop productivity.
Effects of Heat Treatment Process on Mechanical Properties of Medium Carbon Steel
Authors: Hang Pham Thi
Published: March 2022

In order to select an appropriate heat treatment process for an industrial application of S45C medium carbon steel, it is necessary to investigate the influence of technological parameters during the heat treatment process such as heating temperature, holding time and cooling medium on the microstructure and mechanical properties. In this study, the experiments were conducted in various heating temperatures, holding times and cooling mediums for specimens made of S45C steel. Then, the relationship between the microstructure and the hardness of the steel was examined. The obtained results show that the heating temperature and cooling medium strongly affect the microstructure of this steel, leading to considerable changes in the hardness. The hardness of S45C steel was markedly improved when heated above 800oC and cooled in water. Moreover, the holding time needs to be carefully calculated to obtain finer grain structure to prevent an increase in the brittleness.
Research and Design of Aging Suitability of Smart Bracelet Based on Implicit Human Computer Interaction
Authors: Ou Jinmei , Li Gang , Liu Qiuyu
Published: March 2022

In order to explore a smart bracelet design strategy that is more suitable for the elderly, this paper studies relevant literatures and related products of smart bracelet at home and abroad, and sorts out basic concepts and related technologies of implicit interaction theory. Through questionnaire survey and semi-structured interview, we summarized. the basic characteristics of the elderly and the corresponding pain points of using smart wristband. We built a smart bracelet design scheme for the elderly based on implicit interaction theory, which provides certain theoretical support and practical reference value for the follow-up study on the age- suitability design of smart bracelet.
Anomaly Detection for Imbalanced Data via Deep Neural Network with Concentrated Loss
Authors: Wang Yanli , Wang Xiaodong , Xu Xianwei , Yan Fei , Zeng Zhiqiang
Published: March 2022

Deep neural networks have recently been used to address surface anomaly detection in industrial quality control and have achieved much success. However, addressing the data imbalance problem, especially the Easy/Hard Examples (EHE) imbalance problem, remain a challenging task in anomaly detection. To alleviate this problem, we propose a two-stage convolutional neural network with a novel loss function, i.e., concentrated loss function. Specifically, the concentrated loss function enables the model to pay more attention to hard examples and improve the quality of segmentation for imbalanced data. To verify the effect of our method, we implement our method on the surface anomaly detection dataset, i.e., the KolektorSDD2 dataset. The experimental results show the superiority of our method over the other state-of-the-art approaches.
Research on Green Design Path Based on Product Life Cycle
Authors: Wang Siqi , Li Yixuan , Xie Mengtong , Zhou Ruoyun , Sun Huafeng , Zheng Linxin
Published: March 2022

This paper aims to analyze product life cycle, introduce green design concept and integrate it into product design so as to establish feasibility path combining with China’s national condition. Through case analysis, five green design principles of green co-creation, material reduction, green packaging, material replacement and design from identical material were summarized according to the five attributes of figment, product, commodity, article and waste. The whole process was analyzed with the case of indigo T-shirt. The five design principles can provide guidance for all aspects of the product, ensure the sustainability of the product, realize the optimization and upgrading of the product and achieve the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality.
Research on the Analysis of Muscle Fatigue Based on the Algorithm of Wavelet Packet Entropy in sEMG
Authors: Zhang Bowen , Huang Bingdie , Wu Qun , Lu Guowei , Wu Yao
Published: March 2022

Surface Electromyography (sEMG) has been widely applied in different fields, such as human-computer interaction and medical rehabilitation. This paper deeply studies the theoretical research of muscle fatigue analysis and scientific experiments of sEMG, especially related to muscle fatigue. It provides a theoretical basis for not only building an assessment method of muscle fatigue but also testing the relationship between the value of wavelet packet entropy and the complexity of signal frequency. Additionally, the field value of muscle fatigue has been uncovered. In this research, the experiment tests the energy variation of wavelet packet entropy when testing the muscle contraction by the sEMG signals of brachioradialis. It means that the experiment decomposes frequency band, and then sEMG is analyzed by the entropy and distribution of energy. The result of experiment indicated that the index of wavelet packet entropy has an efficient and quick performance on analyzing complexity of signal system. In the experiment of muscle fatigue, wavelet packet entropy can present high accuracy, instant reaction, stronger consistency and reliability, which is significant for the achievement of the real-time monitoring and clinical research of bioelectrical signals.
A HRI Framework Based on Eye Tracking
Authors: Zhao Xiaodong , Liu Zheng , Cheng Shiwei
Published: March 2022

Existing human-robot interaction (HRI) technologies are not intuitive or effective enough for the disabled. Most of them can neither express their explicit intent (voice, posture, touch, etc.), nor communicate based on implicit intent. We propose a novel HRI framework for implicit intent reasoning based on eye tracking. The framework is designed for people with normal vision, and it will track and analyze their eye movements to infer their intents in a smart home environment. These intents are then sent to an assistive robot and guide the robot to accomplish specific tasks such as using keys to open the door. Two Experiments were carried out to validate the effectiveness of the framework. In the implicit intents classification task, the average classification accuracy of the two implicit intents (task-free visual browsing and task-oriented visual search) was 84.43% via the Support Vector Machine (SVM). In implicit intent reasoning task, Naive Bayesian (NB) networks were used to establish the intent knowledge base, reaching the highest accuracy of intent reasoning was 98%. These results proved that our framework could aid the elderly and the disabled to better adapt to the smart home environment in their daily life.
Complex treatment for dry eye disease in intermediate uveitis
Authors:   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation, Tatarnikova E.B. , Krivosheina O.I. ,   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
Published: March 2022

Aim: to study clinical presentations of dry eye disease (DED) in intermediate uveitis (pars planitis) and develop a complex treatment algorithm including tear substitutes, reparative, and anti-inflammatory therapies combined with laser photocoagulation. Patients and Methods: the study enrolled 98 patients divided into the study group (n=78) and the comparison group (n=20). Study group patients received complex treatment, including tear substitutes, anti-inflammatory therapies, and laser photocoagulation. Comparison group patients received topical medications only. All patients underwent a complex examination including the OSDI questionnaire, visual acuity, IOP measurements, slit lamp examination, binocular dilated fundus examination with scleral indentation, and Schirmer’s test 1 at baseline, after baseline three and six months. Treatment efficacy was assessed based on the severity of intermediate uveitis presentations. Results: intermediate uveitis exacerbates DED. The more active chorioretinal inflammation near the ora serrata is, the more severe clinical, functional changes of the ocular surface are. Complex treatment significantly improved typical DED complaints by the OSDI score (by 34.8%), ocular surface by slit-lamp examination (lower occurrence of conjunctival fold overhang, by 51.8%), mild eyelid and conjunctival hyperemia, and conjunctival discharge. Six months after treatment, a 2-fold (vs. baseline) increase in total tear secretion and resorption of vitreous exudates and retinal edema were reported in the study group. Changes in all parameters in the study group were more significant than in the comparison group. Conclusion: complex treatment algorithm (tear substitutes, reparative, and anti-inflammatory therapies combined with laser photocoagulation) provides a more rapid and stable reduction in chorioretinal inflammation near the ora serrata. It significantly improves subjective and objective DED signs compared to conventional pharmacotherapy. Keywords: dry eye disease, intermediate uveitis, laser photocoagulation, ora serrata. For citation: Tatarnikova E.B., Krivosheina O.I. Complex treatment for dry eye disease in intermediate uveitis. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2022;22(1):30–35 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2022-22-1-30-35.
Future of artificial intelligence for the diagnosis and treatment of retinal diseases
Authors:   LLC ", Katalevskaya E.A. ,   Digital Vision Solutions",   , Moscow, Russian Federation, Katalevskiy D.Yu. ,   LLC "Digital Vision Solutions", Moscow, Russian Federation,   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Moscow, Russian Federation, Tyurikov M.I. ,   LLC "Digital Vision Solutions", Moscow, Russian Federation,   Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University named after R.E. Alekseev, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation, Velieva I.A. ,   Scientific Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation, Bol’shunov A.V. ,   Scientific Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: March 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of informatics concerned with developing programs capable of imitating certain functions of the human mind. AI technologies are applied in different areas of medicine, including ophthalmology. Acquisition and analysis of images are critical for diagnosing and treating ophthalmic disorders, particularly retinal diseases. This paper reviews the use of AI algorithms for diagnosing and treating retinal disorders. Modern AI algorithms are trained to analyze images obtained by digital retinal photography, optical coherence tomography, and optical coherence tomography angiography. The most promising AI algorithms are those used for screening and treating chronic diseases (e.g., diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, age-related macular degeneration) to provide a personalized management strategy. Therefore, developing standards regulating AI technology application and standards providing a reliable evaluation of safety, accuracy, and reliability of AI-based system functioning is particularly important for healthcare. Keywords: artificial intelligence, computer vision, ophthalmic screening, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, age-related macular degeneration. For citation: Katalevskaya E.A., Katalevskiy D.Yu., Tyurikov M.I. et al. Future of artificial intelligence for the diagnosis and treatment of retinal diseases. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2022;22(1):36–43 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2022-22-1-36-43.
Impact of glaucoma and glaucoma surgery on quality of life
Authors:   Scientific Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation, Erichev V.P. , Volzhanin A.V. ,   Scientific Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: March 2022

Glaucoma is a chronic, incurable disease managed by controlling intraocular pressure (IOP). Meanwhile, vision loss in glaucoma and treatments affect the quality of life (QoL). Many studies on QoL in patients with glaucoma are now available. Standardized questionnaires and established non-linear relationships between QoL in glaucoma and clinically assessed quantitative parameters (e.g., visual acuity, visual fields, etc.) are significant achievements. Although treatments (pharmacotherapy or surgical interventions) generally reduce IOP, their adverse reactions affect QoL and treatment adherence. Surgical interventions provide the most potent IOP-lowering effect. However, surgery most affects QoL due to local symptoms and psychological factors (particularly at the early stages of glaucoma). Given the emergence of minimally invasive procedures, the importance of studying de facto QoL after glaucoma surgery is resurrected. Keywords: quality of life, glaucoma, trabeculectomy, minimally invasive glaucoma surgery, neuroprotective therapy. For citation: Erichev V.P., Volzhanin A.V. Impact of glaucoma and glaucoma surgery on quality of life. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2022;22(1):44–50 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2022-22-1-44-50.
Role of fixed-dose combinations of antibiotics and steroids in ophthalmic surgery
Authors:   City Multidisciplinary Hospital No. 2, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Nikolaenko V.P. ,   St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Belov D.F. ,   City Multidisciplinary Hospital No. 2, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: March 2022

This paper reviews the relevance of fixed-dose combinations (FDC) of antibiotics (AB) and steroids in cataract surgery. Postoperative pharmacotherapy of phacoemulsification addresses two main issues — reducing inflammation and preventing infectious complications. Therefore, the question arises about the role of FDCs of ABs and steroids addressing both issues but in compliance with baseline principles. The most effective measure to prevent acute endophthalmitis is an intracameral injection of antibiotics at the end of surgery. Meanwhile, as early as after 10 hours, drug concentration reduces to a level that fails to prevent aqueous humor contamination with bacteria. Therefore, topical ABs, either monotherapy or FDC, are reasonable up to complete healing of phaco incisions (approximately after one week). The authors suggest a postoperative management algorithm after uneventful phaco involving topical administration of an FDC containing 0.5% levofloxacin and 0.1% dexamethasone QID at week 1. If inflammation (conjunctival redness and cells/flare) persists, switching to dexamethasone as monotherapy QID during week 2 (and withdrawal without tapering) is recommended. Keywords: phacoemulsification, endophthalmitis, prevention, inflammation, antibiotic, steroid, dexamethasone, fixed-dose combination, eye drops, withdrawal syndrome. For citation: Nikolaenko V.P., Belov D.F. Role of fixed-dose combinations of antibiotics and steroids in ophthalmic surgery. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2022;22(1):58–61 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2022-22-1-58-61.
Study on Nonlinear Lamb Wave Test for Invisible Impact Damage on CFRP Laminates
Authors: Li Chenggeng , Chen Zhenhua , Chen Weibing , Lu Chao
Published: March 2022

The impact damage imposed on carbon fiber–reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials used in aircraft fuselage may seriously affect flight safety. An ultrasonic testing method can be used to inspect for damage; however, in some cases of invisible or barely visible impact damage, linear ultrasound may not provide a clear indication of the underlying damage. Accordingly, a nonlinear Lamb wave technique was developed in this study to detect invisible impact damage (IID). First, a nonlinear Lamb wave testing platform was set, as well as damage areas with different impact energies. Second, the anisotropic propagation of Lamb waves was studied to determine the wave mode and the distribution of the transducers, and the linear parameters of the Lamb waves were determined. Last, three types of characteristic parameters of nonlinear Lamb waves were obtained for damage detection. As revealed from the results, the linear ultrasonic parameters of A0 mode Lamb waves can be applied to the detection of macro surface cracks, and the frequency shift, relative nonlinearity coefficient (RNC), and fluctuation coefficient of RNCs are highly sensitive to the detection of IID. Thus, a combination of nonlinear S0 Lamb waves and linear A0 Lamb waves can be used for IID and macro surface crack detection, respectively.
SIMULASI PENGARUH JUMLAH SUDU TERHADAP PERFORMANSI TURBIN ANGIN TIPE DARRIEUS-H DENGAN PROFIL SUDU NACA 0018 MENGGUNAKAN SOFTWARE CFD
Authors: Hamdani Wahyu , Ambarita Himsar , Sitorus Tulus B. , Nasution Dian M. , Ginting Terang UHS
Published: March 2022

Turbin angin merupakan mesin dengan sudu berputar yang mengkonversikan energi kinetik angin menjadi energi mekanik. Turbin angin sumbu vertikal tipe Darrieus-H merupakan pengembangan dari turbin angin Darrieus. Penelitian yang telah dilakukan para peneliti sebelumnya secara eksperimen menunjukkan hasil berupa efisiensi yang dihasilkan dari turbin angin Darrieus-H ini sangat kecil. Nilai ini tidak sebanding dengan biaya pabrikasi yang cukup mahal. Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi efisiensi turbin angin ini yaitu pengaturan sudut pitch, diameter rotor turbin, tinggi sudu, panjang chord sudu dan massa turbin itu sendiri. Biaya pabrikasi yang mahal tidak efisien untuk meneliti keseluruhan variabel tersebut maka perlu dilakukan simulasi dengan menggunakan komputer. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi jumlah sudu terhadap performansi turbin angin dengan mensimulasikannya dengan menggunakan software CFD. Turbin angin yang disimulasi berupa rotor 2D dengan diameter 1,50 m pada daerah rotating region. Airfoil yang dipakai adalah NACA 0018. Variasi jumlah sudu yang digunakan adalah 3, 4, 5, dan 6 buah. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan efisiensi untuk jumlah sudu 5 buah pada tip speed ratio 1.8 memiliki efisiensi tertinggi yaitu 58.941 %. Perbedaan yang terjadi antara hasil eksperimen dan simulasi disebabkan karena adanya kerugian yang terjadi pada saat pengujian.
ANALISA PERHITUNGAN KONSUMSI DAN BIAYA ENERGI UNTUK MESIN PENGERING PAKAIAN SISTEM POMPA KALOR DENGAN DAYA 1 PK
Authors: Syalimono S  , Ambarita Himsar , Ariani Farida , Hamsi Alfian , Tugiman  , Gultom Syahril
Published: March 2022

Analisa ini bertujuan untuk mengatasi masalah yang dihadapai usaha laundry pada penyediaan mesin untuk pencuci dan pengering yang dapat bekerja cepat. Oleh sebab itu dilakukan perancangan yang bertujuan untuk menghasilkan suatu unit mesin pengering pakaian portable dengan menggunankan AC rumah yang berorientasikan pada upaya efisiensi energi listrik yang dapat diaplikasikan pada skala kecil dan besar . Analisa perhitungan konsumsi dan biaya energi untuk mesin pengering pakaian sistem pompa kalor dengan daya 1 Pk didasarkan pada hasil perhitungan teoritis dan pompa kalor yang digunakan beroperasi menggunakan siklus kompresi uap menjadi batasan masalahnya. Manfaat penelitian ini adalah untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pengeringan pakaian pada sektor rumah tangga, khususnya usaha laundry di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan melalui perhitungan termodinamika dengan refrigeran yang dipakai HCFC-22. Kesimpulan perancangan ini diperoleh Spesific Energy Consumption (SEC) berbanding terbalik dengan Spesific Moisture Extraction Rate (SMER). Untuk pengujian pengeringan kemeja memiliki rata-rata 22 kWh/kg dan pengeringan 1 pc celana jeans 41 kWh/kg. Dengan Biaya yang dibutuhkan untuk proses pengeringan dengan menggunakan sistem pompa kalor berikut berkisar Rp 46,625,- per kilogram air.
KAJIAN NUMERIK DAN EKSPERIMENTAL PROSES PERPINDAHAN PANAS DAN PERPINDAHAN MASSA PADA PENGERINGAN
Authors: Ary Santony  , Himsar Ambarita  , Andianto Pintoro  , Mahadi  , Suprianto  , Nasution Dian Morfi
Published: March 2022

Pengeringan merupakan proses perpindahan panas dan uap air secara simultan yang memerlukan energi panas untuk menguapkan kandungan air dari bahan yang akan dikeringkan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara eksperimen dan simulasi. Produk hasil pertanian, yaitu kentang dipilih sebagai objek penelitian ini. Penelitian secara eksperimen dilakukan dengan mengalirkan udara panas ke arah kentang dengan kecepatan, temperatur dan RH konstan. Kemudian data temperatur serta massa yang berubah pada kentang diukur dan dicatat secara otomatis menggunakan Agilent dan Load Cell. Selain melakukan eksperimen, penelitian ini juga melakukan simulasi untuk menampilkan distribusi temperatur yang terjadi pada kentang selama pengeringan dan membandingkan hasil yang diperoleh secara numerik dengan hasil yang diperoleh secara eksperimen. Simulasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak CFD yaitu Ansys Fluent 14.5. Pada hasil eksperimen, diperoleh bahwa temperatur cenderung meningkat apabila waktu pengeringan bertambah. Temperatur awal kentang adalah 301,11 K. Temperatur tertinggi setelah dua jam melakukan pengeringan terletak pada permukaan kentang, yaitu 316,304 K. Sedangkan temperatur pada titik tersebut yang diperoleh dari hasil simulasi adalah 316,972 K. Pada eksperimen, massa kentang cenderung berkurang apabila waktu pengeringan bertambah. Massa awal kentang sebelum dikeringkan adalah 75 gr. Hasil pengukuran massa kentang setelah dua jam melakukan pengeringan adalah 63 gr. Sedangkan massa kentang yang diperoleh dari hasil simulasi adalah 66,58 gr. Sehingga diperoleh ralat antara hasil eksperimen dan numerik berturut-turut pada pengukuran temperatur dan massa adalah 0,21% dan 5,09%.
EKSPERIMEN KEKUATAN IMPAK JATUH BEBAS PADA STRUKTUR ATAP MOBIL DARI BAHAN KOMPOSIT POLYMERIC FOAM DIPERKUAT SERAT TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT
Authors: Nasution Sukril A. , Syahrul Abda  , Mahadi  , Farida Ariani  , Suprianto
Published: March 2022

Tandan kosong kelapa sawit jumlahnya sangatlah melimpah dikarenakan pabrik pengolahan kelapa sawit yang terdapat di Indonesia memiliki jumlah yang sangat banyak, menurut survey yang dilakukan limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit saat ini mencapai 20 juta ton. Tandan kosong kelapa sawit memiliki nilai ekonomis untuk direkayasa sebagai bahan alternatif yang dapat dimanfaatkan dengan alasan masih berlimpahnya bahan baku, bebas korosi, tahan dan mampu menyerap panas, oleh karena itu serat tandan kosong kelapa sawit dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai penguat bahan komposit polymeric foam. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui proses pembuatan, menganalisa kekuatan struktur atap mobil terhadap beban impak jatuh bebas dan mensimulasikan dengan meggunakan perangkat lunak Catia V5R21. Pembuatan struktur atap mobil dari bahan komposit polymeric foam dibuat menggunakan metode penuagan langsung yang terdiri dari bahan matrik dan penguat. Matrik resin BTQN 157 EX, poliuretan dibuat dari campuran poliol dengan isosianat, serta katalis MEKPO dan sebagai penguat adalah serat tandan kosong kelapa sawit. Cetakan struktur atap mobil terbuat dari plat besi dengan ukuran 800 [mm] 500 [mm] 2 [mm]. Untuk mengetahui respon struktur atap mobil dengan ukuran 800 [mm] 500 [mm] 5 [mm] maka dilakukan uji impak jatuh bebas. Hasil uji impak jatuh bebas diperoleh dari sembilan struktur Atap mobil yaitu: A1-1, A2-1, A3-1, A1-2, A2-2, A3- 2, A1-3, A2-3 dan A3-3, ketinggian divariasikan dengan ketinggian 0,5 m, 1 m, dan 1,5 m. Setelah dilakukan pengujian impak jatuh bebas untuk masing-masing struktur uji maka dapat diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa kekuatan struktur atap mobil diperoleh pada struktur A2-1 ketingian 0,5 [m] yaitu: gaya maksimum ( ], tegangan maksimum ( ) = 29691,6 [Pa], momentum (M) = 21,3289 [kgm/s], impuls (I) = 2,0709 [N.s], Energi impak eksperimen (EIe) = 33,4030 [J], Energi potensial (Ep) = 31,392 [J] dan Energi serap (Es) = 2,011 [J]. Sedangkan hasil simulasi perangkat lunak Catia V5R21 diperoleh ( ) = 30000 [Pa].