bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF INTEGRATED SCIENCE DIGITAL MODULE BASED ON SCIENTIFIC LITERACY
Authors: Astuti Retna Kusuma , Hayati Muriani Nur
Published: July 2019

Student quality of Science education program  in the University of Pancasakti Tegal which is prepared to be science teacher candidates in junior high school in the future needs to be enhanced, because they must improve student scientific literacy ability.  Students were expected to have scientific literacy competence and advanced in internet technology. Thus, research objectives were determining validity, reading level, and module effectiveness. It was development research. Subject of this reasearch is Students of Science Education study program in University of Pancasakti Tegal, semester IV, 2017/2018 academic year. The first step was fulfilling validity criteria, reading level and then trying out to determine learning effectiveness. Data analyze used judgment expert method, t-test and gain test. It concluded that the Integrated Science digital module based on scientific literacy was valid for learning with a score of 26 (high), easy understanding in reading level , it was useful to enhance cognitive learning outcome students that  could be seen from classical learning outcome total of experiment class of 82.35% and control class of 52.94%. Gain result and t-test showed that there was a significant difference between experiment class and control class, it was 4.057, gain test for experiment class was g = 0.31and control class of g = 0.24.
Digitalisasi Koleksi Local Content di Perpustakaan Perguruan Tinggi
Authors: Utomo Endhar Priyo
Published: July 2019

Abstract : Academic Society Many universities produce a collection of local content in academic activities such as scientific work, final assignments, thesis, thesis, dissertation, scientific journal articles and so on. The transfer of the form of local content collection from physical form to digital form is a solution to overcome the problem of storage and dissemination of information content in it. Digitizing local content activities must pay attention to several problems that occur in the stages of digitalization, namely pre, digitalization and post-digitalization such as issues of legality / copy right, staff problems, the number of collections to be digitized and workflow settingsAbstrak : Sivitas Akademika Perguruan tinggi banyak menghasilkan koleksi local content dalam kegiatan akademisnya misalnya karya ilmiah, tugas akhir, skripsi, thesis, disertasi, artikel jurnal ilmiah dan sebagainya. Pengalihan bentuk koleksi local content dari bentuk fisik menjadi bentuk digital merupakan solusi untuk mengatasi permasalahan penyimpanan dan penyebarluasan isi informasi didalamnya. Kegiatan digitalisasi local content harus memperhatikan beberapa permasalahan yang terjadi dalam tahapan-tahapan digitalisasi yaitu pra, digitalisasi dan pasca digitalisasi misalnya permasalahan legalitas/copy right, permasalahan staf, jumlah koleksi yang akan didigitalkan dan pengaturan alur kerja.
PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN TERHADAP MOTIVASI KERJA PUSTAKAWAN DI PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH YOGYAKARTA: Studi Penerapan Gaya Kepemimpinan Path-Goal
Authors: Ridwan Madinatul Munawwarah
Published: July 2019

Perpustakaan Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta merupakan perpustakaan yang berada di ruang lingkup perguruan tinggi dimana pengguna perpustakaan merupakan civitas akademika, Keberadaan Perpustakaan tersebut adalah untuk mendukung, memperlancar serta mempertinggi kualitas pelaksanaan program kegiatan Perguruan Tinggi melalui pelayanan informasi yang meliputi lima aspek yaitu pengumpulan informasi, pelestarian informasi, pengolahan informasi, pemanfaatan informasi dan penyebarluasan informasi”. Untuk mencapai tujuan perpustakaan perguruan tinggi tersebut di atas, perpustakaan berusaha menyediakan koleksi, layanan, dan fasilitas yang mampu memenuhi kebutuhan pengguna dengan cepat dan tepat. Keberhasilan pustakawan dapat diukur pada Kepuasan pada pemustaka, untuk mencapai hal tersebut maka dibutuhkan dorongan dari pimpinan melalui gaya kepemimpinan yang dimiliki agar pustakawan dapat menyelesaikan tugas dengan baik. Adapun masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan Path-Goal (direktif, suportif, partisipatif dan berorientasi prestasi) terhadap motivasi kerja pustakawan di perpustakaan universitas muhammadiyah Yogyakarta?. Hasil penilitian yang telah dilakukan dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa dalam penerapan keempat gaya kepemimpinan yaitu direktif, suportif, parsipatif dan berorientasi prestasi sangat berperan penting dalam memberikan motivasi kerja pustakawan diperpustakaan, Namun dari ke empat gaya yang masuk dalam teori path-goal, gaya kepemimpinan Suportif memiliki kemungkinan paling besar dibandingkan dengan gaya kepemimpinan direktif, gaya kepemimpinan partisipatif dan gaya kepemimpinan berorientasi prestasi dalam memberikan dampak motivasi kerja pustakawan. Gaya kepemimpinan suportif berperan penting dimana pimpinan atau pemimimpin yang bersikap ramah dan terbuka kepada bawahannya, yang memberikan kesempatan menyampaikan permasalahan atau keluhan bahkan masukan untuk kearah lebih baik. Gaya kepemimpinan suportif juga menciptakan lingkungan kerja yang lebih sehat dan positif karena pimpinan bersedia memberikan perhatian dalam penyelesaian masalah yang ada dan selalu ada memberikan dukungan positif dalam lingkungan kerja.
Aplikasi Fasilitas dan Suasana Interior Perpustakaan Berdasarkan Karakteristik dan Kebutuhan Generasi Milenial
Authors: Putri Atika Tiara , Rahardjo Setiamurti
Published: July 2019

Abstrak : Seiring dengan perkembangan zaman, informasi dapat diakses dengan mudah melalui internet dari segala bentuk gawai. Sehingga, kegiatan membaca dan belajar sudah dapat dilakukan dimana saja tanpa harus mengunjungi perpustakaan. Hal ini merupakan tantangan besar bagi perpustakaan agar tidak ditinggalkan oleh para pemustaka. Selain mengenai kemajuan teknologi dan informasi, permasalahan perpustakaan juga berkaitan dengan desain interior perpustakaan. Banyak masyarakat yang menganggap perpustakaan sebagai gudang buku yang membosankan. Untuk menghapus kesan tersebut, perpustakaan dapat meningkatkan fasilitas dan menciptakan suasana interior yang menyenangkan dan menarik yang disesuaikan dengan karakteristik, kebutuhan, hingga cara belajar masyarakat yang saat ini didominasi oleh Generasi Milenial. Generasi Milenial merupakan generasi yang melek teknologi dan memiliki perbedaan cara pikir dan cara kerja dengan generasi-generasi sebelumya, sehingga memerlukan perhatian khusus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan suasana interior dan fasilitas yang dapat meningkatkan minat masyarakat, terutama Generasi Milenial, untuk berkunjung ke perpustakaan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kuantitatif melalui kuesioner lalu dilanjutkan dengan metode kualitatif yang akan membahas proses penentuan fasilitas dan suasana ruang yang diinginkan masyarakat saat ini.Abstract : Along with the development of the time, the information could be accessed easily via internet from all the forms of devices. On this matter, the activities of reading and learning could be done anywhere without have to visit the library. This is a big challenge for libraries in order to not get abandoned by librarian. In addition to the advances of technology and information, the libraries have a related problem to the library's interior design. Many people consider library is a boring book warehouse. To efface this impression, the library can do improve to the facilities and create a pleasant and more attractive interior atmosphere which are adapted to the public characteristics, public needs, and public ways of learning who are currently dominated by the Millennial Generation. Millennial Generation is a generation who is technology literate and has different ways of thinking and works with previous generations that require a special attention. This  research aims to explain the atmosphere and the facilities that can increase the community especially the Millennial Generation to visit library. This research combined the quantitative metodh with quesioner and qualitative metodh that would discuss the process of determining the facilities and the atmosphere room that public want on this era.
Moving beyond individual barriers and identifying multi-level strategies to reduce anemia in Odisha India
Authors: Sedlander Erica , Long Michael , Mohanty Satyanarayan , Munjral Ashita , Bingenheimer Jeffrey B. , Yilma Hagere , Rimal Rajiv N.
Published: July 2019

Background: To reduce the prevalence of anemia, the Indian government recommends daily iron and folic acid supplements (iron supplements) for pregnant women and weekly iron supplements for adolescents and all women of reproductive age. The government has distributed free iron supplements to adolescents and pregnant women for over four decades. However, initial uptake and adherence remain inadequate and non-pregnant women of reproductive age are largely ignored. The aim of this study is to examine the multilevel barriers to iron supplement use and to subsequently identify promising areas to intervene.

Methods: We conducted a qualitative study in the state of Odisha, India. Data collection included key informant interviews, focus group discussions with women, husbands, and mothers-in-law, and direct observations in health centers, pharmacies and village health and nutrition days.

Results: We found that at the individual level, participants knew that iron supplements prevent anemia but underestimated anemia prevalence and risk in their community. Participants also believed that taking too many iron supplements during pregnancy would “make your baby big” causing a painful birth and a costly cesarean section. At the interpersonal level, mothers-in-law were not supportive of their daughters-in-law taking regular iron supplements during pregnancy but husbands were more supportive. At the community level, participants reported that only pregnant women and adolescents are taking iron supplements, ignoring non-pregnant women altogether. Unequal gender norms are also an upstream barrier for non-pregnant women to prioritize their health to obtain iron supplements. At the policy level, frontline health workers distribute iron supplements to pregnant women only and do not follow up on adherence.

Conclusions: Interventions should address multiple barriers to iron supplements use along the socio-ecological model. They should also be tailored to a woman’s reproductive life course stage: adolescents, pregnancy, and non-pregnant women of reproductive age because social norms and available services differ between the subpopulations.
Epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease reinfection in Guangzhou, Southern China from 2012 to 2017
Authors: Zhong Xuan , Wang Hui , Chen Chun , Zou Xiaoni , Li Tiegang
Published: July 2019

Background: Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease that occurs mostly in infants and children. Reinfection is not uncommon because of the limited cross-protection from infections of different enterovirus. This study was to investigate the epidemiological characteristics and its influential factors of HFMD reinfection in Guangzhou.
Methods: Data on HFMD patients aged ≤5 years from 2012 to 2017 were extracted from surveillance system. Descriptive epidemiology method was adopted to analyze the characteristics of populations and time. Influential factors of reinfection were assessed using the logistic regression model.
Results: Of 369,054 HFMD patients, 11,321 patients were classified as reinfection, corresponding to a rate of 3.07%. The reinfection rate in male was higher than in female (χ2=60.11, P<0.001). The reinfection rate in patients ≤1 year was 3.86%, which showed a downward trend with age (Z=37.37, Ptrend<0.001). The highest reinfection rate was observed in the scattered children (3.38%), followed by nursery care children and others (χ2=514.75, P<0.001). Besides, higher risk of reinfection was detected among those who were male, lower age group and other enteroviruses infection compared with their respective counterparts. Seasonality was illustrated according to the number of reinfections peaked from April to July. Time intervals curves revealed the number of reinfections gradually increased after 13 months from the initial infection.
Conclusions: These results indicated that male ≤4 years, especially those lived scattered and infected with other enteroviruses were more likely to be reinfection. Administrations need to be alert to signs of HFMD reinfection. Effective interventions should be imposed on these high-risk children in time.
Making Progress: Introducing progress testing approaches to a single semester paramedic subject
Authors: Thompson James , Houston Don
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background. Paramedicine is a rapidly evolving profession with continually increasing demands placed upon educating its future workforce. Ensuring graduates are adequately prepared places many expectations on the suitability and effectiveness of university assessment practices, in a discipline where summative credentialing has established traditions of use. Progress tests and programmatic assessment have growingly become common fixtures of medical education, offering longitudinal information about student knowledge, ability and progress, usually across an entire program of study. Methods. Our project explored the development, implementation and evaluation of progress testing in a single semester capstone undergraduate paramedic topic. We examined the changes in student performance between two MCQ tests spaced ten weeks apart, and performance in a final oral assessment based on the same test content. Student perceptions and experiences of these events were also evaluated. Results. 55% of students indicated it was common practice to guess answers in exams. After introducing of negative marking students achieved 40% mean correct answers on previously satisfied curriculum content in our test 1. Scores increased by 65% by test 2, with substantial declines in numbers of incorrect and don’t know responses. Conclusion. Our results demonstrate a substantial increase in correct responses between the two tests, a high mean score in the viva, and broad agreement about the significant impact the approaches have had on learning growth.
Transcriptome analysis for Fraxinus mandshurica seedlings from different carbon fixation and growth provenances in response to nitrogen deficiency
Authors: zhao xingtang , Zhang Tongwei , Liu Hualing , Wang Xiaoming , Xiao Ying , Yu Lei , Zhang Xu , Liu Zhang , Zeng Fansuo , Zhan Yaguang
Published: July 2019

Background

The carbon fixation characteristic of F. mandshurica seedlings from 20 provenances has been evaluated by our research group. In order to explore whether growth and carbon sequestration are related to nutritional adaptability, the foliage and roots of the annual Wuchang (WC) seedlings with high carbon content and Hailin (HL) seedlings with low carbon content which were grown in nitrogen-deficient nutrition and total nutrition were used for RNA-seq determination.

Results

Eight transcriptome libraries by high-throughput sequence were analysis. 1,235,174,984 clean reads and 88,655 unigenes with N50 length of 1,259 bp were obtained. Under normal nitrogen condition, 783 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between WC and HL were identified, the number in foliage (669) of DEGs between HL and WC was more than that in roots (149). The number of transcription factors (TFs), hormone, and Protein kinase (PK) genes was significantly more in WC than that in HL. Compared to the normal nitrogen, 8173 DEGs related to nitrogen deficiency were identified and the number of DEGs in roots (6999) was more than that in foliage (1616). Several nitrogen deficiency-related metabolic pathways and many DEGs involved in nitrogen absorption and assimilation, carbon metabolism, hormones, transcription factors and kinases were identified. The numbers of DEGs encoding nitrate transporters, PK, TFs and hormone in WC were less than that in HL, which indicated the response of HL provenance seedlings to nitrogen deficiency was stronger than that of WC provenance seedlings. However, under nitrogen deficiency, the number of up-regulated DEGs in the WC provenance seedlings is more than that in the HL, which indicated that the WC provenance seedlings were more tolerant to nitrogen deficiency than HL.

Conclusions

The data showed that high carbon content and high growth rate of WC provenance seedlings are mainly attributed to the high transcriptional expression of many metabolic genes in foliage. The response of HL provenance seedlings to nitrogen deficiency is significantly greater than that of WC provenances seedlings, but WC provenance seedlings were more tolerant to nitrogen deficiency than HL. Many genes related to nitrogen deficiency were identified, which will expand our current understanding of nitrogen responses.
Simultaneous cardio-cerebral embolization associated with atrial fibrillation: a case report
Authors: Abe Soichiro , Tanaka Kanta , Yamagami Hiroshi , Sonoda Kazutaka , Hayashi Hiroya , Yoneda Shuichi , Toyoda Kazunori , Koga Masatoshi
Published: July 2019

Background: Simultaneous cerebral and myocardial infarction is called cardiocerebral infarction (CCI), and is rarely encountered. Because of the narrow time window and complex pathophysiology, CCI is challenging to immediately diagnose and treat.

Case presentation: A 73-year-old woman suddenly developed right hemiplegia and severe aphasia. Twelve-lead electrocardiography showed tachycardic atrial fibrillation without any significant ST-T change. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a proximal middle cerebral artery occlusion. She was immediately treated with alteplase at the dosage approved for ischemic stroke followed by mechanical thrombectomy as bridging therapy, and complete recanalization was achieved. Aphasia improved and she began to complain of chest pain, and reported that she had experienced chest discomfort just prior to right limb weakness. Coronary angiography showed a partial filling defect in the right coronary artery with rapid and adequate distal flow, for which percutaneous coronary intervention was not required. Alteplase was suggested to have effectively resolved the coronary emboli. The occlusions of the cerebral and coronary arteries were assumed to have occurred nearly simultaneously and cardiogenic embolism due to atrial fibrillation was considered as the most likely etiology.

Conclusions: As seen in the present case, CCI may benefit from immediate treatment with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV-tPA). Although which of percutaneous coronary intervention or cerebral thrombectomy should be performed first remains unclear, we must decide whether to rescue the brain or heart first in each patient within a limited window of time. This dilemma has recently become evident in this era with mechanical thrombectomy strongly established as an effective intervention for acute ischemic stroke. Close cooperation between stroke physicians and cardiologists is becoming more important.
Randomised controlled trial of the short-term effects of OROS-methylphenidate on ADHD symptoms and behavioural outcomes in young male prisoners with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (CIAO-II)
Authors: Asherson Philip , Johansson Lena , Holland Rachel , Fahy Thomas , Forester Andrew , Howitt Sheila , Lawrie Stephen , Strang John , Young Susan , Landau Sabine , Thomson Lindsay
Published: July 2019

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalence disorder, seen in 20-30% of young adult prisoners. Pharmacoepidemiological studies, a small randomised controlled, and open trial data suggest clinically significant reductions in ADHD symptoms, emotional dysregulation, disruptive behaviour and engagement with educational activities. Yet, routine treatment of ADHD in offenders with ADHD is not yet established clinical practice. There is continued uncertainty about the clinical response to methylphenidate, a first line treatment for ADHD, in offenders who often present with an array of complex mental health problems that may better explain states of inattentive, overactive restless and impulsive behaviours. To address this problem we conduct an efficacy trial to establish the short term effects of OROS-methylphenidate (Concerta XL), an extended release formulation of MPH, on ADHD symptoms, emotional dysregulation and behaviour.
Methods: Parallel arm randomised placebo-controlled trial of OROS-MPH on ADHD symptoms, behaviour and functional outcomes in young male prisoners aged 16-25, meeting DSM-5 criteria for ADHD. Participants are randomised to 8-weeks treatment with OROS-MPH or placebo, titrated over 5 weeks to balance ADHD symptom improvement against side effects. 200 participants will be recruited with 1:1 ratio of drug to placebo. The primary outcome is change in level of ADHD symptoms after 8-weeks of trial medication.
Discussion: Potential benefits include improvement in ADHD symptoms, emotional dysregulation, attitudes towards violence, critical incidents and engagement with educational and rehabilitation programs. Demonstrating efficacy and safety of MPH on ADHD symptoms and associated impairments may provide the data needed to develop effective healthcare pathways for a significant group of young offenders. Establishing efficacy of MPH in this population will provide the foundation needed to establish long term effectiveness studies with the potential for demonstrating significant reductions in criminal behaviour and improved health-economic outcomes.
Trial Registration: ISRCTN16827947l; EudraCT Number: 2015-004271-78.
Protocol version: v2.0 30.08.2018
The effect of Spinal Manipulative Therapy on Heart Rate Variability and pain in patients with chronic neck pain: A Randomized Controlled trial
Authors: Bakken Anders Galaasen , Eklund Andreas , O'neill Sören , Axén Iben
Published: July 2019

Background

Recent experimental research has suggested that Spinal Manipulative Therapy (SMT) may reduce pain through modulation of the ascending pain signals and/or the central pain regulating mechanisms. People with persistent neck pain (NP) have also been found to have disturbances in Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) regulation. A common way to study ANS is to measure heart rate variability (HRV). It is not known if deviations in HRV are related to changes in pain perception or to the treatment response to SMT.

Commonly, an individual in pain will experience pain reduction when exposed to a second pain stimulus, a mechanism known as Conditioning Pain Modulation (CPM). Patients with persistent pain have been found to have a reduced CPM reaction. It is not known if this is predictive of treatment response to SMT.

The aim of the study is to examine the effects of SMT on HRV and pain and to test if a CPM test can be used to predict treatment response, in a population of patients with recurrent and persistent NP.

Method/Design

A multicentre randomized controlled clinical trial will be carried out in multidisciplinary primary care clinics. This setting is chosen to minimize bias resulting from patient preference to treatment modality and provider.

The subjects are either self-referred or referred from other health care practitioners locally. The treatment modalities are two well-known interventions for NP; SMT and stretching exercises compared to stretching exercises alone.

The subjective pain experience will be investigated by assessing pain intensity and the affective quality of pain. HRV will be measured using a portable heart monitor and CPM will be measured with a standardized cold-pressor-test. Measurements will be performed at baseline, prior to the third treatment and after the fourth treatment.

Discussion

The study will utilize normal clinical procedures, which should aid transferability and external validity of the results. The study will provide knowledge regarding the underlying mechanisms of the effects of SMT. Furthermore, the study will examine if a CPM test is predictive of treatment outcome in a population of patients with recurrent and persistent NP.
Genotype × Environment Interactions of Industrial Hemp Cultivars Highlight Diverse Responses to Environmental Factors
Authors: Campbell Brian J. , Berrada Abdel F. , Hudalla Chris , Amaducci Stefano , McKay John K.
Published: July 2019

Core Ideas

Some hemp traits are more strongly affected by environmental factors than others.

Multi‐environment testing is an integral part of hemp cultivar development.

Water availability can have a significant impact on yield and other traits.

Starting with the 2014 Farm Bill, hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is being re‐introduced as an industrial crop in the United States. Since the crop has been absent for over 70 yr, little is known regarding the genetic mechanisms controlling economically relevant traits. Particularly, with federal legality of the crop hinging on a stringent tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content of 0.3% or less, it is necessary to assess variance in this trait due to environmental effects and genotype × environment interactions (GEI) to avoid running afoul of federal law. Understanding how physical and biochemical traits respond to the environment also plays a strong role in selecting and developing appropriate cultivars for production in diverse growing regions. In 2016 we performed cultivar trials in multiple environments in Colorado to assess performance characteristics of a diverse set of germplasm from breeding programs across Europe and Asia. From these data, we were able to identify traits nearly entirely controlled by genetic factors, like days to maturity and THC and cannabidiol (CBD) production. We also identified traits strongly influenced by the environment and GEI, like grain yield, plant height, and water use. Individual cultivars also exhibited widely varying degrees of sensitivity to the environment. This underscores the importance of continued work to characterize genetic control of hemp traits to expedite breeding of cultivars that are well‐adapted to target growing regions.
Combination of Novel Mutation in FAD3C and FAD3A for Low Linolenic Acid Soybean
Authors: Held James P. , Carrero‐Colón Militza , Hudson Karen A.
Published: July 2019

Core Ideas

New low linolenic soybean with novel alleles of FAD3A and FAD3C.

Mutation in GmFAD3C reduces linolenic acid levels.

Soybean FAD3C controls linolenic acid levels.

Conventional commodity soybean oil can typically have levels of linolenic acid up to 8% of the total oil fraction. As linolenic acid is unsaturated, unstable, and contributes to off‐flavors, and the hydrogenation process can produce harmful trans fats, genetic alternatives for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] low in linolenic acid are desirable. We identified a novel mutant allele of the gene encoding the omega‐3 desaturase FAD3C in a screen of a N‐nitroso‐N‐methylurea (NMU)‐mutagenized population. This allele resulted in a 2 to 3% reduction in linolenic acid levels as a fraction of the total fatty acids. We measured the effect of combining this mutation with mutations in the homeologous FAD3A desaturase gene on the soybean fatty acid profile. This FAD3C polymorphism may be useful to breeders seeking conventional approaches to reduce linolenic acid levels. In particular, combinations of mutant alleles of FAD3A and FAD3C result in soybean with linolenic acid comprising only 2 to 3% of the total fatty acids.
Fecal Indicator Bacteria and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Storm Runoff from Dairy Manure and Compost‐Amended Vegetable Plots
Authors: Jacobs Kyle , Wind Lauren , Krometis Leigh‐Anne , Hession W. Cully , Pruden Amy
Published: July 2019

Given the presence of antibiotics and resistant bacteria in livestock manures, it is important to identify the key pathways by which land‐applied manure‐derived soil amendments potentially spread resistance. The goal of this field‐scale study was to identify the effects of different types of soil amendments (raw manure from cows treated with cephapirin and pirlimycin, compost from antibiotic‐treated or antibiotic‐free cows, or chemical fertilizer only) and crop type (lettuce [Lactuca sativa L.] or radish [Raphanus sativus L.]) on the transport of two antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs; sul1 and ermB) via storm runoff from six naturally occurring storms. Concurrent quantification of sediment and fecal indicator bacteria (FIB; Escherichia coli and enterococci) in runoff permitted comparison to traditional agricultural water quality targets that may be driving factors of ARG presence. Storm characteristics (total rainfall volume, storm duration, etc.) significantly influenced FIB concentration (two‐way ANOVA, p < 0.05), although both effects from individual storm events (Kruskal–Wallis, p < 0.05) and vegetative cover influenced sediment levels. Composted and raw manure‐amended plots both yielded significantly higher sul1 and ermB levels in runoff for early storms, at least 8 wk following initial planting, relative to fertilizer‐only or unamended barren plots. There was no significant difference between sul1 or ermB levels in runoff from plots treated with compost derived from antibiotic‐treated versus antibiotic‐free dairy cattle. Our findings indicate that agricultural fields receiving manure‐derived amendments release higher quantities of these two “indicator” ARGs in runoff, particularly during the early stages of the growing season, and that composting did not reduce effects of ARG loading in runoff.

Core Ideas

Compost and manure soil amendments elevated FIB and ARGs in storm runoff.

Composting manure prior to soil amendment did not reduce ARGs in runoff.

Antibiotic and antibiotic‐free composts had similar quantities of ARGs and FIB.

Vegetable type influenced sediment concentrations, but not FIB or ARGs, in runoff.

Storm characteristics affected both FIB and ARG levels.
The Effectiveness of Riparian Hedgerows at Intercepting Drift from Aerial Pesticide Application
Authors: Hancock Jaclyn , Bischof Matthew , Coffey Todd , Drennan Margaret
Published: July 2019

The primary tool used currently for preventing pesticide drift from entering streams is a no‐spray buffer zone. Riparian hedgerows may provide an additional option; however, quantitative information on their effectiveness is limited. To quantify the potential benefit of riparian hedgerows for drift reduction, aerial malathion {diethyl 2‐[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanyl]butanedioate} applications on blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) farms with fields adjacent to streams or ditches were monitored. Drift from fields with extensive dense woody riparian vegetation was compared with drift from fields with no dense woody riparian vegetation. Overall, total instream malathion deposition was 96.1% lower at vegetated sites compared with nonvegetated sites. Univariable models identified six variables that were significantly related to decreasing instream total malathion deposition: increasing bank canopy cover, increasing average site canopy cover, increasing canopy angle, increasing the distance between the field edge and vegetation edge, increasing the distance between the field edge and center of stream, and decreasing bank slope. For the variables most feasible for landowners to alter, the following increases could result, on average, in a 26% decrease in the total instream malathion deposition: bank canopy cover (7%), distance between field and vegetation (0.3 m), and distance between field and center of stream (0.9 m). No‐spray buffer sizes needed for significant deposition reductions may be large, but for nonvegetated or minimally vegetated streams similar to those studied here, increasing bank canopy cover may give comparable advantages while allowing the use of the entire field area and conferring additional ecosystem benefits such as shading streams and improving habitat.

Core Ideas

Instream pesticide deposition was significantly higher at nonvegetated sites.

Riparian vegetation can be used as a tool to mitigate pesticide loading to streams.

Increasing riparian canopy cover and angle may reduce pesticide drift into streams.

Future studies on drift reduction should reduce collinearity of variables.
Effects of Manure and Tillage on Edge‐of‐Field Phosphorus Loss in Seasonally Frozen Landscapes
Authors: Zopp Zachariah P. , Ruark Matthew D. , Thompson Anita M. , Stuntebeck Todd D. , Cooley Eric , Radatz Amber , Radatz Timothy
Published: July 2019

Environmental conditions and management practices affect nutrient losses in surface runoff, but their relative impacts on phosphorus (P) loss during frozen and nonfrozen ground periods have not been well quantified. More specifically, the relative importance of manure application, tillage, and soil‐test P (STP) has not been assessed at the field scale. In this study, we compiled a dataset composed of 125 site‐years of data from 26 fields that were continually monitored for edge‐of‐field P loss during snowmelt and storm events. Regression tree analyses were performed to rank the level of influence each environmental and management factor had on nutrient loads. Dissolved P (DP) was the majority of the total P (TP) during frozen conditions, but a small portion of TP during nonfrozen conditions. Manure application had a greater influence on the flow‐weighted mean concentrations (FWMCs) of TP and DP during frozen conditions than during nonfrozen conditions. No‐till resulted in greater TP and DP FWMCs during frozen conditions than conventional tillage, whereas the opposite effect for TP FWMC was seen during nonfrozen conditions. However, regression tree analysis revealed that STP (0‐ to 5‐cm depth) was the most important factor in predicting DP and TP FWMCs during frozen conditions and DP FWMC during nonfrozen conditions. Extremely high STP values were associated with late‐frozen manure applications and grazed pastures. Reducing surface P loss in seasonally frozen landscapes will require prioritizing management strategies that avoid manure application through early‐ and late‐frozen conditions and lead to a drawdown of STP, particularly in the top 5 cm.

Core Ideas

Monitoring P loss in cold climates is limited by the lack of long‐term, field‐scale studies.

Manure applied in late winter results in more P loss during the frozen ground season.

Conventional tillage reduces P loss during the frozen ground season.

Fields receiving late‐frozen manure applications had extremely high soil‐test P.

Regression tree analysis identified soil‐test P as the most important variable for frozen ground P loss.
Agricultural Water Quality in Cold Climates: Processes, Drivers, Management Options, and Research Needs
Authors: Liu Jian , Baulch Helen M. , Macrae Merrin L. , Wilson Henry F. , Elliott Jane A. , Bergström Lars , Glenn Aaron J. , Vadas Peter A.
Published: July 2019

Cold agricultural regions are important sites of global food production. This has contributed to widespread water quality degradation influenced by processes and hydrologic pathways that differ from warm region analogues. In cold regions, snowmelt is often a dominant period of nutrient loss. Freeze–thaw processes contribute to nutrient mobilization. Frozen ground can limit infiltration and interaction with soils, and minimal nutrient uptake during the nongrowing season may govern nutrient export from agricultural catchments. This paper reviews agronomic, biogeochemical, and hydrological characteristics of cold agricultural regions and synthesizes findings of 23 studies that are published in this special section, which provide new insights into nutrient cycling and hydrochemical processes, model developments, and the efficacy of different potentially beneficial management practices (BMPs) across varied cold regions. Growing evidence suggests the need to redefine optimum soil phosphorus levels and input regimes in cold regions to allow achievement of water quality targets while still supporting strong agricultural productivity. Practices should be considered through a regional and site‐specific lens, due to potential interactions between climate, hydrology, vegetation, and soils, which influence the efficacy of nutrient, crop, water, and riparian buffer management. This leads to differing suitability of BMPs across varied cold agricultural regions. We propose a systematic approach (“CUPCAKE”), to achieve water quality objectives in variable and changing climates, which combines nutrient transport process Conceptualization, Understanding BMP functions, Predicting effects of variability and change, Consideration of producer input and agronomic and environmental tradeoffs, practice Adaptation, Knowledge mobilization, and Evaluation of water quality improvement.

Core Ideas

Processes and controls on nutrient export in cold regions differ from warmer zones.

The nongrowing season is a key period of phosphorus and nitrogen loss.

Management practices show varied efficacy across different cold regions.

Nutrient mitigation should consider cold region processes and local context.

Nutrient management practices merit revisiting in cold regions.
Potential of Ensiling Sorghum without Grain Pretreated with Enzymes or Bacterial Inoculants
Authors: Foster Jamie L. , Thomas‐Moen Martha E. , McCuistion Kimberly C. , Redmon Larry A. , Jessup Russell W.
Published: July 2019

Silage is an alternative product from sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] that does not make grain due to drought, disease, or pests. The objective of this experiment was to determine nutritive value and fermentation characteristics of silage made from sorghum without grain and evaluate the impact of pretreatment with fibrolytic enzymes or lactic acid bacterial inoculants. Triplicate plots (4 rows ×12.2 m) of four sorghum cultivars (Dairy Master, PS 747, Silo 700D, and MMR 381/73 [MMR]) were planted in a completely randomized block design field trial at three locations (Beeville, College Station, and Kingsville, TX). At the mid‐dough stage, sorghum was harvested and inflorescences were removed, chopped, and separated into three (5 kg) subsamples. Each subsample was treated with either distilled water (control), fibrolytic enzyme, or bacterial inoculant and ensiled for 120 d. Pre‐ensiled sorghum without grain had similar nutritive value, except Dairy Master had 25% lower crude protein and 30% lower lignin concentrations. After ensiling, water‐soluble carbohydrate concentration was lowest and crude protein concentration was greatest for MMR silage, which also had the greatest acetate concentration and lactate/acetate ratio. Silage treated with either lactic acid bacterial inoculant or fibrolytic enzyme had 40% greater water‐soluble carbohydrate concentration. Silage treated with fibrolytic enzyme had 8% lower neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber concentrations than untreated silage, and treated silage had lower pH than untreated silage. The pH of all silage was <4.0, and pretreatment did not improve silage fermentation characteristics or increase aerobic stability. The cultivar was more influential to the resulting silage product than pretreatment in this experiment.
Carbonation and the Urey reaction
Authors: Kellogg Louise H. , Lokavarapu Harsha , Turcotte Donald L.
Published: July 2019

There are three major reservoirs for carbon in the Earth at the present time, the core, the mantle, and the continental crust. The carbon in the continental crust is mainly in carbonates (limestones, marbles, etc.). In this paper we consider the origin of the carbonates. In 1952, Harold Urey proposed that calcium silicates produced by erosion reacted with atmospheric CO2 to produce carbonates, this is now known as the Urey reaction. In this paper we first address how the Urey reaction could have scavenged a significant mass of crustal carbon from the early atmosphere. At the present time the Urey reaction controls the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. The CO2 enters the atmosphere by volcanism and is lost to the continental crust through the Urey reaction. We address this process in some detail. We then consider the decay of the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM). We quantify how the Urey reaction removes an injection of CO2 into the atmosphere. A typical decay time is 100 000 yr but depends on the variable rate of the Urey reaction.
Segundo conteo de aves en los distritos de Callería, Manantay, Yarinacocha y zonas aledañas, Pucallpa
Authors: Delzo Ponce Rubén , Zambrano Pinto Derlis , Souza Souza Jean Paolo
Published: July 2019

Durante más de cinco años como institución, la Asociación Solución Verde, viene propiciando el desarrollo, implementación y difusión del conocimiento ornitológico en la región Ucayali, con el apoyo de investigadores en Monitoreo Biológico como Derlis Zambrano Pinto con más de 25 años de experiencia, recorriendo toda la región amazónica en busca de los lugares de avistamiento de aves, anidación, colpas, siguiendo las migraciones de aves y sus lugares de descanso. El potencial aviar que tiene la región de Ucayali, Perú, lo coloca como una de las principales regiones del mundo en variedad aviar y de visita para los observadores de aves, en zonas tales como El Caño Alejandría, en la laguna Yarinacocha, El Lago Cashibococha, La Quebrada de Yumantay, El Parque Natural de Pucallpa, y La quebrada de Manantay. El presente es una síntesis de las investigaciones de nuestra institución durante los últimos años, como un inventario de las especies observadas e identificadas. Palabras claves: Ornitológico. Avistamiento. Anidación. Colpas. Aviar.
Manejo de la Anemia Ferropénica en gestantes con dieta de sangre de Cuy “Cavia Porcellus” versus Sulfato Ferroso en las instituciónes prestadoras de servicios de EsSalud – ESSALUD, Clínica San Miguel Arcángel de San Juan de Lurigancho, año 2014.
Authors: Cruzado Ulloa Flavia Avelina
Published: July 2019

Este es un estudio de naturaleza Aplicativa, experimental, retrospectivo, y longitudinal, en donde se seleccionaron gestantes con diagnóstico de anemia ferropénica que llevaron sus controles pre natales en las Instituciones Prestadoras de Servicios de Salud – ESSALUD – Clínica San Miguel de San Juan de Lurigancho en el año 2014. Este estudio nos permitió demostrar los beneficios nutricionales del uso de la dieta a base de la sangre de cuy en el tratamiento complementario de la anemia ferropénica en gestantes versus las gestantes que recibieron suplemento de sulfato ferroso. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 80 gestantes que corresponden a un nivel de confianza muestral del 98% y a un error relativo de e = 1,677…..%. Para la obtención de la información se aplicó una encuesta estructura, además de las Historias Clínicas Seleccionadas con el diagnóstico de estudio (Instrumento previamente valorado) que acudían a la consulta externa entre los meses de abril-setiembre del 2014.El instrumento de recolección de datos estuvo conformado por 03 segmentos, en la primera de ellas conformadas por cuatro datos de filiación, resumiéndose en los datos personales, Antecedentes personales, embarazo actual y los resultados complementarios de laboratorio; la segunda parte conformado por el cuadro de seguimiento del consumo de la dieta de sangre de cuy, y la tercera parte por los datos de control de la Hemoglobina en cada una de las gestantes del estudio. La validez y la confiabilidad del instrumento se realizó según los métodos de Spearman- Brown (0,890), Rulo n-Guttman (0,883) y Alfa de Cronback (0,854). Para el análisis de la información se aplicaron las pruebas estadísticas de Chi Cuadrado, Media, Desviación Estándar, T de Student (en la construcción de intervalos de confianza) y Z de la Normal.
PREVALÊNCIA DA AUTOMEDICAÇÃO EM ACADÊMICOS DE ENFERMAGEM EM UMA FACULDADE DE CAXIAS DO SUL
Authors: Gil Ferreira Fábio , Martins de Souza Janaina Samantha , Soldatelli Pagno Paim Roberta
Published: July 2019

O objetivo deste estudo é verificar a utilização e a prevalência da automedicação nos acadêmicos de Enfermagem. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa exploratória. Participaram da pesquisa 45 alunos de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior em Caxias do Sul-RS. As informações foram coletadas por meio de questionário com perguntas fechadas, sendo submetido à análise de conteúdo. A pesquisa ocorreu em conformidade com as Diretrizes e Normas Regulamentadas de Pesquisa envolvendo Seres Humanos, do Conselho Nacional de Saúde, dispostas na Resolução nº 466/2012. A coleta de dados teve início após a autorização da instituição cenário do estudo e a aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Associação Cultural e Científica Nossa Senhora de Fátima. Verificou-se que 100% dos estudantes utilizam ou já utilizaram medicação sem prescrição médica. Ao se automedicarem, os acadêmicos baseiam-se em conhecimento próprio e nos profissionais que trabalham nas farmácias. A cefaleia foi o sintoma mais comum para a prática da automedicação, sendo o paracetamol o fármaco mais consumido. O índice de automedicação após o início da graduação não atingiu a metade dos acadêmicos que utilizaram menos medicação sem prescrição médica, fazendo com que se perceba que o conhecimento não influenciou significativamente no resultado. Pela sobrecarga de trabalho, estresse, múltiplas tarefas, o consumo por conta própria torna - se uma atividade prática e cômoda. Os resultados encontrados reforçam a necessidade de conscientização dos acadêmicos de Enfermagem quanto ao uso racional de medicamentos, de forma que os mesmos informem as pessoas de seu convívio quanto aos riscos da automedicação.
O NÍVEL DE EMPATIA DE PARTICIPANTES DO PROJETO DE EXTENSÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA SORRISO DE PLANTÃO E SUA CONTRIBUIÇÃO PARA A FORMAÇÃO EM SAÚDE
Authors: Da Silva Maria Rosa , Sampaio Josineide Francisco , Santos Ewerton Amorim
Published: July 2019

O Projeto de Extensão Universitária Sorriso de Plantão é formado por alunos de diversos cursos de graduação, em sua maioria da área de saúde. Busca promover o bem-estar de crianças hospitalizadas, para dirimir a ociosidade e o estresse hospitalar. O objetivo é a identificação das competências e habilidades dos integrantes relacionados à empatia e a sua contribuição na formação profissional em saúde. Foi aplicado um questionário para conhecimento do perfil do grupo e utilizado o instrumento validado Inventário de Empatia (IE), os dados tabulados em planilhas no Microsoft Excel 2010 e analisados através da estatística inferencial no programa SPSS. Foram investigados todos os palhaços doutores atuantes em 5 hospitais da cidade de Maceió/AL entre 2016/2017. Foram observados os integrantes com elevada taxa de TP (Tomada de Perspectiva) 45,1 e AL (Altruísmo) 31,3, FI (Flexibilidade Interpessoal) valor aproximado 31,3 e Sensibilidade Afetiva (SA) 37,9, pouco abaixo em relação aos dados normativos de IE. Desse modo, o Projeto contribui com ensino desconstruído do tradicional e diferenciado, referente à empatia, valores, atitudes, relações humanas e formação profissional em saúde, tornando relevante a participação do aluno no projeto, aperfeiçoando ou mesmo desenvolvendo habilidade necessária para o futuro exercício profissional escolhida.
MICROBIOTA ORAL E SUA IMPLICAÇÃO NO BINÔMIO SAÚDE-DOENÇA
Authors: Santos Júnior José Carlos Costa dos , Izabel Tasciano Dos Santos Santa
Published: July 2019

A cavidade oral apresenta uma grande diversidade de microrganismos. A microbiota bucal encontra-se normalmente em harmonia com o hospedeiro, porém, em condições anormais tem o potencial de gerar infecções bucais e sistêmicas graves. O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a importância da microbiota oral no processo saúde-doença. Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura, por meio de pesquisa nas bases de dados: LILACS, BBO, Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo) e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), tendo como critérios de inclusão: artigos científicos que tratassem sobre a temática, publicados entre 2000 e 2018 em português, inglês e espanhol. Os resultados demonstraram que a microbiota oral sofre influência da temperatura, pH, presença de oxigênio, disponibilidade de nutrientes e os mecanismos de defesa do hospedeiro. Ao ocorrer desregulações desses parâmetros a microbiota é alterada, o que desencadeia a colonização por patógenos. As infecções sistêmicas (cardiopatias e infecções respiratórias) correlacionadas apresentam relações diretas e bidirecionais, onde o desfecho quase sempre é o óbito. Entretanto, observa-se a necessidade de pesquisas mais detalhadas para esclarecer esta real influência.