bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the problems of reusing reprocessed uranium by enrichment in schemes based on ordinary cascades
Authors: Gusev V E
Published: January 2022

The problem of spent nuclear fuel attracts considerable attention while its quantity is accumulating worldwide. The problem of long-term supply of the fresh fuel also remains important. One of the strategies to solve both problems is reusing the spent nuclear material. The uranium, in this way, could be recycled multiple times in light-water reactors. In order to recycle the uranium, it is extracted from the irradiated fuel during the reprocessing and then enriched in 235U, taking into account the limitations on reactor-born isotopes 232,236U in the final product. The only way to do this is enrichment in cascades of gas centrifuges. However, not every cascade scheme is able to re-enrich the uranium for multiple recycles, utilizing the whole amount of uranium extracted from the irradiated fuel each time. This study shows that configurations based on ordinary three-flow cascades could not be used for this purpose. In particular, we have shown that starting from the second uranium fuel cycle, such schemes are no longer able to reclaim the necessary proportion of the reprocessed uranium.
Control System of Wind Power Generation Based on Artificial Intelligence Technology
Authors: Wang Y
Published: January 2022

In order to improve the intelligence and production efficiency of the wind power generation control system, a wind power generation control system based on artificial intelligence technology is proposed. The paper describes the overall features of the scheme in detail, analyzes and discusses the core technology of the scheme, and expounds the concrete realization process of the scheme. The results show that the scheme can improve the intelligence of the wind power generation control system, and improve the productivity and benefit of the wind power generation automatic control system.
Reactive Power Optimization Based on AVC Time-division Control Strategy
Authors: Wang XM , Wang HB , Zhang J , Liu SC , Ma YF , Yan W
Published: January 2022

In order to avoid frequent actions of transformer taps and capacitor banks caused by reactive power optimization, this paper proposes a reactive power optimization based on AVC time division control strategy. The time division control strategy is used to segment the load curve of the next day, and the reactive power optimization process of each period is calculated by genetic algorithm. The strategy and algorithm are applied to the reactive power and voltage optimization of IEEE 30 bus system. The simulation results show that the method can realize reactive power optimization more efficiently.
Experimental study on bridge vibration test
Authors: Jin B , Liu D , Zhu CK
Published: January 2022

Taking Chaihe bridge in Tieling City and Songhuajiang railway bridge on Binbei line as examples, the vibration test is carried out by using the environmental excitation method. By testing and comparing the first three typical vibration modes of the two bridges, and the experimental research shows that: A. compared with Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Bridge, truss bridge has higher stiffness. B. The span and height of truss bridge can be higher and farther than that of Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Bridge; C. Truss bridge is more convenient in testing, maintenance and health monitoring, and has good performance and stability.
Research on Transverse Restraint System of Cable-stayed Bridge under Ultra High Performance Concrete Deck Pavement
Authors: Zhou M , Liu Y , Gao M , Zhu GQ
Published: January 2022

In order to explore the optimal lateral restraint system for long-span cable-stayed bridges under ultra-high performance concrete deck pavement. This paper takes a UHPC deck pavement cable-stayed bridge as an example, selects four different lateral restraint systems, calculates the stress of each key section of the cable-stayed bridge under the action of an earthquake, and then selects the optimal lateral Constraint system. The research results show that when ultra-high performance concrete is used as the bridge deck pavement, the increase in the quality of the bridge deck system will have a greater adverse effect on the seismic performance of the bridge. Compare the internal force response and displacement response at each key section of the bridge under four different lateral restraint systems under earthquake action. Compared with the other three systems, the internal force response and displacement response value of the horizontal cable system is smaller, and the energy dissipation and shock absorption effect is better. For cable-stayed bridges using ultra-high performance concrete as the deck pavement, in the selection of the lateral restraint system, a restraint system of cables is set between the towers and beams, which can better reduce the impact of the increase in the quality of the bridge deck on the seismic performance of the bridge, is the most reasonable horizontal restraint method. Considering the internal force and displacement response of the bridge structure and the safety of the support under the earthquake, the parameter selection of the cable support is k = 135000 kN / m and S = 0.4 m.
Structural Reliability Analysis of a Beam with Different Distributed Variables Via Stochastic Reduced Basis Method
Authors: Li YJ , Huang B , Pei HY
Published: January 2022

In this paper, the reliability of a random beam structure with different distributed variables is calculated, and the scope of application of the stochastic reduced basis methods (SRBMs) method is expanded. With the help of stochastic Krylov subspace, the undetermined coefficients of the response expression under static force can be obtained. Then using Galerkin projection technology to obtain the final expression of the random response expression. Furthermore, an example is investigated in order to demonstrate the precision of the method, the results show that this method has high calculation accuracy comparing with direct Monte Carlo simulation.
Experimental study on atomization quality characteristics in mixed fracture Breakup regime
Authors: Liu WR , Ji C , Liu YJ
Published: January 2022

In order to accurately analyze the secondary atomization phenomenon during fire-fighting jets, in this paper, the acceleration, deformation and breakup of droplets after secondary atomization are studied experimentally, and the characteristics of droplets after secondary atomization are studied. The critical flow rate of secondary water atomization was obtained. By analyzing the relationship between the factors affecting the secondary atomization characteristics and the number of atomized particles in the mixed crushing mode, the results show that the breaking angle decreases first and then increases with the increase of the we number; When 45 < we <60; the breaking angle is less than the average level, and the instantaneous breaking velocity decreases; The bag diameter before bag-like breaking generally decreases with the increase of the number of broken particles. The relationship between the characteristic quantity of atomization quality and the we number provides an experimental research basis for improving the fire extinguishing efficiency.
Research on Bearing Capacity and Ductility of CFSST with Stiffeners
Authors: Sun YY , Wang ZB , Xu J , Sun CZ
Published: January 2022

In order to investigate the bearing capacity and ductility of concrete-filled square steel tubular (CFSST) with longitudinal stiffeners in condition of instant steel ratio, six specimens, including 1 CFSST, 3 CFSST with single stiffener and 2 CFSST with double stiffeners, were fabricated and tested. And the FEM was established and simulated by ANSYS. The experimental result showed that when the height-thickness ratio of stiffeners was increased, the bearing capacity would be generally decreased but the ductility could be improved. Besides, the specimens performed identical mechanical characteristics while the thickness of steel was the same. And the results of FEM were basically identical to the experiments. Finally, the confinement ξ played a key role to predict the bearing capacity.
Correlation Analysis between Meteorological Factors and Pollutants Based on Copula Theory
Authors: Wang Qian , Li Xiuhua
Published: January 2022

In recent years, the continuous acceleration of industrial and agricultural production has aggravated the deterioration of the environment and seriously affected people’s health. Gas pollutant index has become an important indicator to measure air quality. Taking a region of China as the study subject, this paper firstly uses the monitoring data of air pollutants in 5 years and meteorological data (rainfall, temperature and wind speed) of meteorological observation stations in the same period. Then, the autocorrelation function is selected to analyze the autocorrelation of pollutants, and on this basis, the significant correlation level between meteorological factors and pollutants is analyzed by Copula theory. The results show that the ACF values of pollutants are all higher than 0.6, which means that the autocorrelation of pollutants within 2 hours is relatively significant. PM2.5 has a significant negative correlation with wind speed in four seasons, but a low correlation with rainfall. SO2 is negatively correlated with most of the three meteorological factors. In addition, the study also finds that there are significant differences in the impact of meteorological factors on pollutants at different time scales. This paper proposes a correlation analysis method between meteorological factors and pollutants, which provides corresponding support and guarantee for China’s economic and environmental protection policies.
Physical and mechanical parameters of the soil and yield of tubers of food potato depending on the spacing width
Authors: Starovoitov V I , Starovoitova O A , Manokhina A A
Published: January 2022

For food potato, one of the important factors in the quality of tubers is the low content of solanine in tubers, determined visually by the presence of green tubers. The purpose of the research was to improve the physical and mechanical parameters of the habitat of potato plants, increase the yield of tubers and reduce the number of green tubers with an increased solanine content during growth by increasing the width of row spacing. The research was carried out in the Moscow region. The main production method for reducing the greening of tubers (increasing the solanine content in tubers) was chosen to grow potato for food purposes in wide ridges or rows chequerwise (110 +30) and (120+30) cm. With such placement, not only a more uniform maintenance of optimal moisture, density, hardness and temperature of the soil is ensured, but also the soil layer around the tuber nest is retained to ensure a decrease in the number of green tubers by 4.4…6.5%. As a result, the cultivation of potato in rows allowed to increase the commercial yield by 1.2…5.5 t/ha (9…19%).
Directions and prospects of sustainable development of the national accounting and analytical system of agricultural formations
Authors: Babanskaya A S , Kolomeeva E S , Migunov R A , Telegina Zh A , Grudneva A A
Published: January 2022

In the course of the research, the concept of an accounting and analytical system and its structure are considered. The trends and parameters of the sustainable development of individual elements of the accounting and analytical system are highlighted. The analysis of the current state and assessment of trends in the development of agricultural formations is carried out. It is established that the key direction of the development of agricultural formations, affecting their accounting and analytical system, is associated with the digitalization of production and economic processes. The influence of certain types of technologies on the accounting and analytical system is described. The directions and prospects of sustainable development of the national accounting and analytical system of agricultural formations in terms of information, accounting, analytical and control subsystem are highlighted.
Improving the patency of sprinkler machines on moistened soil on the basis of experimental and theoretical studies of the system “irrigation rate-soil-sprinkler machine”
Authors: Zhuravleva L A , Popkov I A
Published: January 2022

A feature of the work of wide-reach sprinkler machines is that the supporting surface when moving is moistened, and waterlogged soils in case of significant irrigation rates. At the same time, the wheeled running systems themselves are not well adapted to moving on waterlogged soils, water-saturated, low-bearing soils. The reliability of the sprinkler machines with an increase in irrigation rates is significantly reduced due to a decrease in their patency and forced downtime. The aim of the study was to increase the patency of sprinkler machines on moistened soil on the basis of experimental and theoretical studies of the system “irrigation rate – soil – sprinkler machine”. On the basis of the conducted studies, the regularities of track formation after the passage of wide-reach sprinkler machines of circular action were revealed. The model of interaction of the wheel with the soil is presented. The dependences of the depth and width of the track on the bearing capacity of the soil and the distance from the main support for sprinkler machines with rigid wheels of the “Fregat” type and pneumatic wheels of the “Kuban-LK1M” (KASCAD) sprinkler machine, “Kuban-LK1” MDEK 212 and “KASCAD” DM type are obtained. The conducted studies allowed to determine the optimal ratio of the pipeline diameter, span width and type of running systems, depending on the load-bearing capacity of the soil.
Quality of poultry meat as a basis of export potential of the meat products
Authors: Lupenko Yu O , Kopytets N Hr , Voloshyn V M , Varchenko O M , Tkachenko K O
Published: January 2022

The purpose of the article was to study the quality as a basis for the export potential of Ukrainian meat products and to determine the conditions for its improvement. The following methods were used: abstract-logical; monographic; comparative analysis; statistical; tabular. The results of the research show that the problem of quality assurance of both agricultural products in general and poultry meat in particular is most relevant in both domestic and foreign markets. It covers all participants in the food chain “production-processing-sale-consumption”. Product quality is the main factor in the stable development of production and ensures the export of domestic products. It is established that the production of poultry meat in Ukraine fully meets domestic demand and has reserves for export. It is substantiated that the recognition and provision of competitive advantages in the international and domestic markets can be achieved only by those enterprises that implement international standards of product quality and safety, constantly upgrade technological equipment, introduce new technologies and have highly qualified personnel, create their own feed and raw materials processing.
Improvement of business processes of subjects of the agro-industrial complex through a digital platform
Authors: Musina D , Yangirov A , Kharitonov S
Published: January 2022

This article presents the results of a research. It is aimed to investigate the business processes of the key participants of the projected digital platform of the agroindustrial complex. Moreover, the authors assess the potential for their optimization during the transition to the application of a digital communication platform. The techniques of analysis and synthesis, system and process approaches, and the IDEF3 method are used. The authors have previously formed ontological and cognitive models of the agro-industrial complex. This paper verifies the research hypothesis concerning the possibility of improving individual business processes of management entities while applying the tools of a digital communication platform. In order to do this, business processes are displayed on the example of a manufacturer of agricultural products in animal husbandry. We have identified a number of business processes in the category of providing, which can be improved with the use of a digital industry platform of the agro-industrial complex.
Effects of protein-in-oil emulsion on the physicochemical and sensory properties of the pâté
Authors: Zinina O , Vishnyakova E , Neverova O , Aleksandrina E , Kanev P
Published: January 2022

The effects of adding protein-in-oil emulsion (POE) with biotechnologically processed by-products, sunflower oil and various types of flour – oat, chickpeas and corn flour – to pâté, were investigated. Physicochemical and sensory properties in samples of pâté prepared with the addition of 30, 40 and 50% POE, were determined. Samples with 30% of protein-in-oil emulsion based on chickpea flour or 40% of protein-in-oil emulsion based on oat flour had optimal sensory properties. The protein content of the pâté samples varied from 14.6 to 16.4%, fat content – from 13.6 to 16.7%, moisture content – from 58.7 to 65.3%. The trend of a decrease in protein and moisture content and an increase in fat content with increasing the protein-in-oil emulsion in the formulation of pâté was noted. According to the results of the research, the authors recommend introducing 30% of protein-in-oil emulsion based on chickpea flour or 40% of protein-in-oil emulsion based on oat flour into pâté. The use of by-products in the form of the protein-in-oil emulsion with sunflower oil and various types of flour allows for the production of the pâtés with good consumer properties and that makes rational use of raw materials.
Application of LAI and NDVI to model soybean yield in the regions of the Russian Far East
Authors: Dubrovin K N , Stepanov A S , Aseeva T A
Published: January 2022

Soybean yield modeling using remote sensing is an essential task in the south of the Russian Far East and makes it possible to plan sowing areas at the municipal level. This article presents a comparative assessment of the regression models’ accuracy, where the seasonal maxima of the LAI (Leaf Area Index) and NDVI (Normal Difference Vegetation Index), as well as the number of growing days (days with an average daily air temperature above 10°C), were considered as predictors. For four districts of the Amur Region and the Jewish Autonomous Region, MODIS (Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data obtained from the arable land mask were used, using the Vega-Science web service, as well as soybean yield in 2010-2017. It was found that the maximum values of LAI and NDVI fall on weeks 31 to 33, which corresponds to the first half of August. In 2010-2017, the LAI-based models’ MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error) was in the range 4.1 – 9.0%, and the RMSE (Root Mean Squared Error) was 0.06 to 0.13 t/ha. The corresponding errors of the regression model with NDVI were quite similar: MAPE 4.8 to 10.4%, RMSE 0.06 to 0.15 t/ha. This approach was evaluated with a ‘leave-one-year-out’ cross-validation procedure. There were no significant differences in the forecast error (APE) when using LAI and NDVI; at the same time, it was found that the quality of the regression model in the Tambovskiy and Oktyabrskiy districts is higher than in the Leninskiy and Mikhailovskiy districts. The median APE for Tambovskiy district was 7.2% for LAI and 8.8% for NDVI, for Oktyabrskiy the corresponding figures were 7.5% and 6.1%, for Leninskiy – 14.2% and 13.7%, and for Mikhailovskiy – 10.8% and 12.3%, respectively.
Pilot study findings of the vibration cleaning process of honeycombs
Authors: Shemyakin A V , Borychev S N , Kashirin D D , Uspensky I A , Pavlov V V
Published: January 2022

The paper outlines the technique and shows the findings of a multifactorial study. It is connected with the working process of a vibrating unit designed for the non-destructive removal of organic components, mainly beebread, from honeycombs. The honeycombs should be cleaned from the beebread prior to their reheating (in case of their rejection), or for reuse as nest-based honeycomb frames. The aim of the experiment described in the paper is to establish the influence of the main operating parameters of vibration cleaning of honeycombs such as the frequency and amplitude of vibration on the productivity of the workflow. The study was performed on a specially manufactured laboratory unit consisting of a shaking table, controls, measuring devices and sensors. The specific feature of the conducted study is the uneven intensity of beebread extraction from honeycomb cells during the working cycle, which should be considered during the experiment.
The potency of bacterial field isolates for zearalenone and aflatoxin B1 detoxification in contaminated crop-origin raw material
Authors: Khabirova S R , Idiyatov I I , Shuralev E A
Published: January 2022

Some of saprophytic bacteria are able to inhibit the biosynthesis of mycotoxins, to regulate the spread of microscopic fungi and have prospects of use for preventing contamination of crop-origin raw material by mycotoxins. According to the results of our study we conclude that bacterial field isolates SB10, SB16 and SB20 have the potency to suppress the production of both aflatoxin B1 and zearalenone. Optimal application amount of the culture medium containing 1 × 1010 CFU/mL of bacteria was 5 mL per 1 kg of grain, contaminated with fungi that produce these mycotoxins. However, some of the bacteria-antagonists can also have a negative effect on the processed substrate, and it is necessary to take into account when using the product for the purpose of detoxification.
Diagnostics of plum resistance to the combined effects of drought and hyperthermia
Authors: Prudnikov Pavel
Published: January 2022

The article considers the possibility of diagnosing the stability of fruit crops under the combined action of hyperthermia and drought. The objects of the study were isolated leaves of Prúnus doméstica L. of FSBSI VNIISPK breeding varieties. The purpose of the work was to assess the resistance of plum varieties to the combined effects of drought and hyperthermia on the basis of physiological and biochemical resistance markers. The products of peroxidation of membrane lipids, free proline, hydrogen peroxide and catalase activity were determined. It is shown that after the action of the stresses used in the varieties Nezhenka and Orlovsky souvenir, the accumulation of malondialdehyde and lipid hydroperoxides was significantly lower by 23.0…24.6% and 15.6…16.3% than in the varieties Skoroplodnaya and Krasa Orlovschiny by 42.1…52.3% and 36.6…41.2%, respectively. It was shown that against the background of the action of stressors, the varieties Nezhenka and Skoroplodnaya were characterized by a high degree of intensification of the antioxidant enzyme catalase and a moderate increase in hydrogen peroxide in the leaves. Thus, a slight increase in the intensity of lipid peroxidation in the Nezhenka and Orlovsky souvenir varieties in comparison with the Krasa Orlovschiny and Skoroplodnaya indicates the presence of physiological and biochemical resistance to the action of the stress factors used.
Biometric indicators of corn and basic tillage systems
Authors: Mnatsakanyan A A , Chuvarleeva G V , Bykov O B , Volkova A S
Published: January 2022

Studies on the influence of basic tillage systems on changes in soil fertility and biometric indicators of cultivated crops have been conducted at the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “National Grain Center named after P. P. Lukyanenko” in the experimental fields of the Agriculture laboratory since 2008. The article presents part of the studies for the period from 2018 to 2020, during which it was determined that the minimum mulching basic tillage system with decompaction is not inferior in agronomic efficiency to the traditional system. Observations of the growth and development of corn for grain showed the priority of this tillage. The grain yield obtained over the years of research (2018-2020) on decompaction technology was formed at the level of traditional tillage (conditionally accepted as control) and amounted to 55.9 c/ha, significantly exceeding the minimum by 2.2 c/ha, while having a high content of crude protein in the grain - 11.2%.
Modeling of the cottage cheese products composition
Authors: Neverova O , Koshchaev A , Gorelik O , Sharaviev P , Neverova E
Published: January 2022

Combined food products provide the human body with all the necessary nutrients in a balanced amount. The paper presents a technique for modeling the formulation of semi-finished products from cottage cheese using the Excel program. The main components of semi-finished products are: cottage cheese of 5% fat content, flour from unsteamed buckwheat, egg melange. The goal of modeling was to obtain the optimal ratio of the components of the formulation, which meets the established requirements for indicators of nutritional value, as well as the recommended intake of vitamins and minerals for the adult population. The goal function has selected the cost of the product for which the condition for obtaining the minimum value is set. As a result of the search for a solution, the program proposed several options for formulations, of which the most acceptable was selected. Thus, we can conclude that it is advisable to apply mathematical modeling methods to obtain a combined product with specified nutritional value indicators.
Cereal fungal diseases detection using autoencoders
Authors: Arinicheva I V , Arinichev I V , Darmilova Z D
Published: January 2022

According to the data of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), diseases and pests destroy 20-40% of the world’s agricultural crops. At the same time, fungal diseases cause enormous economic damage. Farmers suffer significant financial losses every year due to fungal diseases. It is very important accurately and at an early stage to identify the symptoms of the disease in order to take the necessary measures to combat it in a timely manner. Symptoms of fungal diseases often appear in the form of spots around the infected areas, so the initial detection of the disease is reduced to the analysis of these spots. At present, farmers mainly rely on their own experience, disease-identifying atlases or involve expert agronomists. However, the identification is complicated by the fact that different diseases can have similar types of spots and vice versa, the same disease can manifest itself differently in different crops varieties and depending on growing conditions. This research shows that modern neural network approaches can be used instead of conventional colour and brightness filters to detect fungal infections in cereal crops. In particular, the use of autoencoders can significantly simplify the task of automatically detecting diseased areas. The authors prove that after complementing the pipeline of image processing using filters, usual for such tasks, with a neural network autoencoder, in some cases it is possible to explicitly highlight the affected area.
The efficiency of using complex micronutrient fertilizers, humates and biological preparations in the technology of growing fiber flax
Authors: Shimanskaya N S , Savina O V , Uschapovskiy I V
Published: January 2022

The article evaluates the effectiveness of the use of Aquarin, sodium humate, Epin and Zircon in the production of flax products. The use of these preparations was studied for topdressing of plants during the growing season and in the process of retted stalks maturation. Topdressing of crops was carried out in the phase of “rapid growth”. The processing of the fiber flax ribbon was carried out on the fifth day after pulling. The greatest efficiency in spraying fiber flax crops and processing retted stalks was shown by the combined use of Aquarin and Humate “Fertility”. The combined treatment of crops with Aquarin and a humic preparation provided an increase in all production indicators: straw yield increased by 11.6 %, seeds by 24.8 %, retted stalks and fibers by 4.6-6.2 %, and scabbard fiber by 44 %. The treatment of flax ribbon with micronutrient fertilizer Aquarin together with Humate “Fertility” led to an increase in the fiber yield by 5.1 %, the long fiber yield by 2.4 %, and the fiber strength by 0.35 Dan. The data obtained make it possible to recommend the use of preparations both during the growing season and in the process of retted stalks maturing to increase the efficiency of fiber flax production.
An assessment of a nutritionally appropriate diet for adolescents’ nutrition
Authors: Semenov E V , Nikitin I A , Terentyev S E , Avtuyhova O V , Lobanov E Yu
Published: January 2022

A modern human is exposed to numerous stresses associated with an intensive lifestyle, the impact of aggressive factors of man-made habitat, high rates of urbanization, etc. This led to the need to correct a considerable part of the lifestyle, as well as approaches to nutrition. It is especially topical for children and youth, since during this period all the body systems are initiated and formed, ensuring its normal operation throughout the rest of life. One of the key tasks of preserving and improving the health of the population, especially in childhood and adolescence, is the need for balanced nutrition in terms of the proportion of nutrients consumed. These include proteins, fats and carbohydrates, as well as the number of macro- and microelements, such as iron, copper, zinc, etc. We will present an example of calculating the optimal food ration from the point of view of material costs, satisfying the required balanced nutrition of children and adolescents. It is studied by algorithmic means from the standpoint of a statistical approach to the task of the initial physico-chemical data on the composition of the product.
Influence of long-term use of fertilization systems on the productivity of winter grain crops
Authors: Bortnik T Yu , Makarov V I , Bashkov A S , Karpova A Yu
Published: January 2022

In the conditions of the Vyatka-Kama agricultural province, a study was carried out of the effect of long-term use of various fertilization systems on the productivity of winter grain crops and the fertility of soddy medium podzolic soil in terms of agrochemical indicators. Long-term use of the mineral fertilization system in doses of N69P68K53 on soddy medium podzolic medium loamy soil contributed to an increase in winter grain crops’ productivity on average per year in relation to the control without fertilizers – 1.83 tons of grain units/ha. Long-term use of an organic fertilization system against lime background provided an increase in the productivity of winter crops of 0.64 tons of grain units/ha in relation to control. The most effective was the organomineral fertilization system, which contributed to the productivity increase of the studied winter crops in long-term use by 2.64 tons of grain units/ha in relation to control. As a result of a long-term field experiment, it was revealed that the productivity of winter grain crops in the Vyatka-Kama agricultural province significantly depends on agro-climatic conditions. A close inverse interrelation of productivity from the sum of active temperatures and average air temperature was revealed. For expanded fertility reproduction of soddy medium podzolic medium loamy soil in the Vyatka-Kama agricultural province of Russia, an organic-mineral fertilizer system should be used against liming background.
Influence of seed onion planting time on productivity and quality of bulb onion varieties
Authors: Tutova T N , Ivanova T E , Sokolova E V , Nesmelova L A
Published: January 2022

Vegetable crops play an important role in human nutrition. They contain the necessary organic acids, mineral salts, vitamins and other useful substances. The most popular among vegetables in the conditions of the Udmurt Republic are white cabbage, carrots and table beets, cucumbers, squash, tomatoes and various types of onions. Among onion crops, leeks and shallots are grown in small quantities; among perennial onions - welsh onions, chives and tree onions. The most common among the population is common onion grown mainly for bulbs, in small quantities - for greens. The study of the planting timing of onion varieties’ seeds is relevant. The studies’ results of the influence of the seed onion planting time on the yield and product quality of common onion varieties in the open ground of the Udmurt Republic are presented. Spicy varieties Stuttgarter Riesen and Shetana were selected for the study. Along with the early spring planting date adopted in Udmurtia, the fall seed onion planting was also studied (September 20, September 30, October 10, October 20). Phenological observations revealed that common onion plants of the standard variety Stuttgarter Riesen entered the leaf lodging and harvesting phases on average three days earlier than the studied variety Shetana. In terms of yield, Stuttgarter Riesen onion surpassed Shetana by 6.8 t/ha (28%) and had a higher content of dry matter, water-soluble sugars and ascorbic acid in the bulbs. Autumn planting dates led to a decrease in all the studied parameters of bulb onion.
The role and importance of an agrarian-oriented region in ensuring food security of Russia
Authors: Petrova M V , Kudinova M G , Shevschuk N A , Uvarova E V
Published: January 2022

The purpose of the study was to analyze and assess the state of food security in Russia, identify threats to its violation and conditions of provision, as well as the role of an agrarian-oriented region in self-sufficiency with food and in ensuring the country’s food security at present and in the future. In the course of the study, the differences between the new version of the Russian Food Security Doctrine and the previous one were revealed, an analysis of the strengths and weaknesses, as well as Russia’s opportunities for improving food security and developing exports of agricultural products and food was carried out. The contribution of the Altai Krai, as an agrarian-oriented region, to ensuring food security in Russia is considered. As a result, the directions of improving the food security of the region and the country as a whole were substantiated.
Study of the parameters of biogas plants
Authors: Sheryazov S K , Ptashkina-Girina O S , Vasenev V V , Telyubaev Z B , Arbuzova E V
Published: January 2022

The peculiarity of renewable sources is their replenishment. To ensure energy security and correctly use land resources, it is possible to use biogas plants, which are renewable sources. However, efficient use of these installations turns out to be a difficult task that requires a comprehensive assessment of the parameters of their operation. In the example under consideration, such parameters are: the choice of the power of the heating equipment of the installation and the determination of the temperature stability of operation in case of a violation of the technological process. One of the important results of the study is that the power for heating biomass in the mesophilic mode with continuous and periodic processes is selected according to the start-up mode, and for the thermophilic mode with the periodic process, the power for heating is determined by the start-up mode, and in the continuous process - by the steady-state mode. The study also provides a calculation of thermal stability for reactors of different volumes at different degrees of their filling with biomass, taking into account the operating temperatures of the biogas plant.
Substantiation of technological parameters for the production of flax pulp by alkaline cooking in the microwave field
Authors: Kasatkina N Yu , Badretdinova I V , Litvinyuk A A , Kasatkin V V
Published: January 2022

Flax fiber is the most valuable, rapidly renewable source of cellulose. To isolate cellulose from the fiber, it is necessary to get rid of its non-cellulose components: lignin, pectin substances, waxes and hemicellulose. These substances can be removed by cooking flax fiber in an alkaline solution. To intensify the process of destruction of the non-cellulose complex, it is proposed to use the energy of the electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequencies. The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies aimed at establishing the dielectric characteristics of the system components, which make it possible to prove the effectiveness of the effect of the microwave field on the process of destruction of the non-cellulose complex and to deduce the permissible limits of technological parameters. For the effective management of the technological process of alkaline cooking, the dielectric characteristics of the system components are established on the basis of theoretical and experimental studies. To solve this problem, the system was divided into components: fiber, solution, heterogeneous system. Further, the characteristics of each component are determined separately. The established characteristics showed the following values: the dielectric constant of the fiber in the solution reached a value of 24.8, the dielectric constant of the solution-73, the dielectric constant of the heterogeneous system is 64.55. These values allow you to conduct the technological process of delignification with high efficiency indicators.
The design and properties of galvanic anticorrosive coatings for important precision parts of farming equipment
Authors: Rudenok V A , Kanunnikova O M , Aristova G N , Tikhonova O S
Published: January 2022

The paper explores the possibility of using a number of nickel alloys in multilayer coatings to decrease nickel consumption and preserve the functional effect of the coating. The following is proved by the graphical calculation technique using experimental data on the galvanic properties of the multilayer coating parts. Nickel-iron, nickel-phosphorus and nickel-tin alloy can be applied as a lower coating layer rather than semi-shiny, shiny or composite nickel. It is advisable to use a nickel-iron alloy as the middle (second) layer, and the concentration of iron depends on the composition of the first and third layers. If a nickel-iron alloy is applied as the material of the first layer, then the second layer may be semi-shiny (Ns-sh) or shiny (Nsh) nickel. The substitution of nickel layers for nickel alloys allows to considerably (about 10%) decrease the cost of a multilayer coating, while the protective properties are remaining the same. The application of the same nickel-containing alloys as single-layer anticorrosive coatings shows a lower level of protective properties.
The model of food security of the Volga federal district regions
Authors: Kotlyachkov O V , Fedorova N P , Kotlyachkova N V , Maximov D G
Published: January 2022

The global economic crisis dictates new conditions for the existence of the country’s economy and its regions. The existence and independence of countries and regions is ensured by the interaction of various kinds of indicators that make up the food security system. Food security of both the country and the individual region is a fundamental strategy for the country’s economy development. Ensuring food security is the development strategy of any country. The assessment of the food security of the regions makes it possible to determine their independence and strategic role in the economy development. Currently, ensuring food security is one of the options for the stable development of the country and regions. The implementation of food security in the Russian Federation is carried out in accordance with the Food Security Doctrine. The article offers the author’s assessment of food security (independence) of the Volga Federal District based on the indicators listed in the Food Security Doctrine. The article forms a model of food security of both the country and its regions. Its use makes it possible to compare regions with each other most effectively. The model formation is based on the application of cluster analysis, which most fully describes the relationship of the indicators defined in the food security doctrine According to the results of the study, clusters of regions were formed, by the level of food independence, as a fundamental factor of food security. Clusters also allow to assess the level of food security in the regions of the Volga Federal District. On the basis of clustering, an effective model of food security of the region is built.
A Comparison of the Characteristics of Extreme Drought During the Late 20th and Early 21st Centuries Over Eurasia and North America
Authors: Lupo A R , Kononova N K , Semenova I G , Lebedeva M G
Published: January 2022

The atmospheric general circulation character during summer droughts over Eastern Europe / Western Russia and North America from 1970 – 2020 is examined here. A criterion to examine atmospheric drought events encompassed the summer season was used to determine which years were driest using precipitation, evaporation, and areal coverage. The relationship between drought and atmospheric character using the Dzerzeevsky climatic classification scheme, atmospheric blocking, teleconnections, and information entropy are used to study the atmospheric dynamics. The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) re-analyses data set archived at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, CO, USA is used to examine the synoptic character and calculate the dynamic quantities for these dry events. The results demonstrate that extreme droughts over North America are associated with a long warm and dry period of weather and the development of a moderate ridge over the central USA driven by surface processes. Extreme droughts over Eastern Europe and Western Russia are driven by the occurrence of prolonged blocking episodes as well as surface processes.
The concept of agricultural complex based on agrivoltaics and precision agriculture
Authors: Shcherbakov A , Baramykov M
Published: January 2022

The article presents the concept of an agricultural complex that combines elements of agrivoltaics and precision farming. The purpose of the development of this complex is the ability to implement the principle of multipurpose use of sown areas for basic agricultural crops production (wheat, corn, etc.). The design of this complex and the operation of individual elements are described. In terms of agrivoltaics, it is proposed to use rotating photovoltaic panels; for precision farming - the natural division of the structure of the complex into separate areas. The information is collected by sensors for each site. It includes the required characteristics of air, soil, plants, etc. The collection, storage and processing of measured data are carried out in the control center, where all elements of the complex are also remotely controlled. The complex is supplied with electrical energy due to the energy produced by photovoltaic panels. To smooth the unevenness of production and consumption of energy, including in the absence of agricultural work period, the complex includes the electrical energy storage.
Information-analytical modeling of soil composition based on spectral analysis
Authors: Basarygina E M , Zybalov V S , Pakhomova N A , Akulich O E
Published: January 2022

Over the past decade, public interest in precision farming technologies, monitoring of production and technological processes and environmental protection issues has noticeably increased. Nowadays, agricultural producers are increasingly using technologies based on digital data, which are used to manage and optimize production. Digital maps and information models are one of the ways to present a field passport, that is, a visual database obtained on the basis of an analysis of land resources and reflecting reliable information about the state of a particular land plot. As a result of the research carried out, digital soil models were constructed (using the example of the soils of the Chelyabinsk region). The obtained models, which clearly reflect the content of heavy metals, are recommended for use in making managerial decisions in the field of the agro-industrial complex. The use of these models contributes to the transition to digital crop technologies.
The calculation of asynchronous motors characteristics based on the T-shaped equivalent circuit according to catalogued data
Authors: Urazov S I , Ivanova S A , Khalupo O I
Published: January 2022

The paper focuses on the issue of calculating the operational characteristics of low-power asynchronous motors used in the agro-industrial complex. The substantiation of the relevance related to reducing the error while calculating the operating characteristics for the estimation and selection of a rational electric drive is given. The literature analysis presented considers the various methods of calculating the main characteristics of asynchronous motors. The equations have been compiled and solved; they help to calculate the operational characteristics without direct reference to the resistance values in the T-shaped equivalent circuit of the motor. The results of calculating the characteristics of one asynchronous motor and their comparison with the known characteristics given in the theory of electrical machines are presented. A method of engineering calculation for educational and work tasks to improve the efficiency of using electric drives is proposed. The field of further research in terms of clarifying the empirical coefficients and revising the complexity of tasks related to determining the resistance of a T-shaped equivalent circuit considering the capabilities of modern computing environments has been determined.
The way forward of Forest Plantation in Malaysia
Authors: Hamid H A , Abiri R
Published: January 2022

Forest plantation strategies are the important components providing timber for downstream industrial manufacturing. This strategy has been quickly expanded in response to demands of the local market and government and has had noteworthy impacts on rural economy and livelihoods in Malaysia. Here, we first reviewed the history of forest plantation in Malaysia and consequently we have discussed the parameters influencing the sustainable production of forest plantation including genetic diversity, silviculture, and preserving site sustainability. Furthermore, we have deliberated different strategies which can be used during forest plantation and increase efficacy of this strategy. Different types of rotation plantations strategies such as very short rotation-, short rotation-, medium rotation-, long rotation-, mixed wild fruit-, and agroforestry-plantation systems have been discussed, accordingly. In the next step, the effects of different omics strategies on forest plantations have been reviewed. Finally, the impact of mathematical programming in the forest plantation have been explained, and the challenges and restrictions of forest plantation have been stated
Plant diversity components of agroforestry in Tanjung Botung, Village, Barumun District, Padang Lawas Regency, North Sumatra
Authors: Rambey R , Lubis A S J , Susilowati A , Rangkuti A B , Onrizal  , Wijayanto N , Siregar I Z
Published: January 2022

Agroforestry is a land-use pattern that combines crops in one land with spatial and temporal arrangements. This study aims (1) to identify the species components of agroforestry, (2) to analysis the species diversity in agroforestry, and (3) to calculate the benefits of species in agroforestry for the community around Tanjung Botung Village. Based on the results in this research, it is known that there are 33 species of plants found in agroforestry land which consists of 19 families. To determine the type that dominates the growth rate, it is seen from the value of the Important Value Index. The highest IVI level was in the shurbs level namely Elaeis guineensis (56.67), in the seedling level namely Hevea brasiliensis (83.57), in the sapling level namely Durio zibethinus (38.37), in the pole level namely Hevea brasiliensis (68.04) and in tree level namely Hevea brasiliensis (99.69). To find out the level of species diversity was calculated using the Shannon-Wiener Index (H’). From the results of the study, it was concluded that the value of species diversity ranged from 1.63 to 2.35, meaning that the value of species diversity (H’) for all growth levels was categorized as moderate.