bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dualisme di Lingkungan Perusahaan Inti Rakyat (PIR) Lokal Teh Di Jawa
Authors: Hamidah Siti , Widodo Sri
Published: September 2020

This research aimed to analyse dualism between plasm farmers and nucleus estate in the Tea Local Nucleus Estate Smallholder Scheme at Java. The study is conducted in West and Center of Java Provinces. Data of 330 household samples are analyzed by Proportion Test.Although most of plasm fanners have the technical cropping and the use of input and labour are lower than nucleus estate, but the gapa on productivity, product quality, income of tea farming, and fanning efficiency are small.There is still dualism in the Tea Local Nucleus Estate Smallholder Scheme at Java, but it tends to decline. This gap become smaller between Smallholder Scheme could make smaller distance between smallholder plantation and estate.
Analisis Pergeseran Sumber Pendapatan Petani Transmigran Di Lahan Pasang Surut (STUDI KASUS DI KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HILIR RIAU)
Authors: Santosa Teguh Hari , Widodo Sri , Masyhuri Masyhuri , Irham Irham
Published: September 2020

Shifting of income source transmigrant farmer in the tidal swamp from rice and palawija to non-rice happened for along time in some resettlement location in Indonesia.This ferwmenon began in 1975, in Centre Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, Jambi, South Sumatera and Riau. This problem related with constraints of low land productivity, limited labour and some problem about pests of crop. The effort of transmigrant farmer was: (1) to change some kinds of crops and cropping pattern; (2) out of tidal swamp area orientation (non farmadditional income).The objective. of this research is (1) to identify the shifting of income source of tidal swamp transmigrant farmer in Indragiri Hilir regency; (2) to analyze factors affecting the shift of the source of income in the tidal swamp.The research area is in the Indragiri Hilir regency where two districts were purposively taken and two villages from recorde data from various institution.The, Result is (1) there are shifting of income source of tidal swamp transmigrant farmer in Indragiri' Hilir, from food crop (95,63 % on 1975) to estate 'crop (53,96 % on 2002). The shifting began since 1993 and continued up to 2002; (2) Factors to influencing the source of income of estate crop is capital, farmer education, wife education, household labour, used fertilizer (TSP, KC1), lime, herbicide, pesticide and transmigrant group.Factors influencing the source of income of food crop is farmer education, household labour, used fertilizer (TSP, Ka) and pesticide.
Pengaruh globalisasi terhadap ketahanan pangan nasional
Authors: Widodo Sri
Published: September 2020

The problem on food security in Indonesia began to be interested since the economic crisis as one component of the social security net. Sustainable food security covers: availability of food, accessibility, utilization, stability, self reliance (autonomy) and sustainability. . Hirarchically food security can be at global order, regional, national, local, household and individual. The higher order offbod security is a necessary condition but not sufficient condition for the lower order.Economic theory indicate that there are gains to be made from free trade. increase the efficiency ufresource allocation, and increase welfare of all countries. However, all government, without exception, intervene to varying degrees in the working of natural market prces, with the reason the need to protect infant industry, to ensure food security, to redistribute income, and to enhance income of small producers.The liberalization initiatives culminated in UR agreement and WTO, among others, dismantling of quantitative restriction and subsidies as well as other nontariff barriers, but there were several new thing of antidumping tariff, sanitary and phytosanitary, technical barrier to trade,environment, and genetically modified organism.The impact of trade liberalization on exporter countries, in general, would benefit the producers, decrease the consumer surplus, and increase social welfare except large populated as India and China. The impact of importer countries depend on the policy of each country. Malaysia and Indonesia by decreasing import tariff policy would increase consumer surplus and social welfare but sacrificing the producers/farmers.National food policies consist of international trade policy domestic price policy, and policy on production efficiency. The international trade policy means to protect producers, consumers, and social welfare from the uncertainty of international market especially in the long run. The stabilization of domestic price policy needs inter department coordination and STE to implement. Protection could result inefficiency but it is needed for commodities those are not ready to compete and to protect from unfair trade, to protect farmers and long run food security.
FUNGSI INFORMASI YANG DIPERLUKAN DI INSTITUSI PENELITIAN PERTANIAN
Authors: Sulaiman Fawzia
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT:In the globalization era, the generation and development of agricultural technology will influence the competitiveness of Indonesian agricultural products in the global market. In this respect, the critic on unreadiness of Indonesian universities as research universities and the low adoption rate of technology being generated by agricultural research institutions, need a serious attention from all parties dealing with the generation and development of agricultural science and technology. The critic also implies that agricultural research institution in universities and other agricultural research institutions, especially public agricultural research institutions within the Agency for Agricultural Research and Development and the Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology, should become credible research based agricultural technology and information. Furthermore, the science and technology being generated and developed by those research institutions will be useful if they can be accessed easily in a relatively short periode of time. This is especially true as an agricultural research needs relatively a high financial support, and it should be considered as investment to obtain the greatest beneficial outcomes and impact for the agribusiness society and regional agricultural development. For this reason, an agricultural research institution needs to have an effective information system and management to promote and disseminate its research results. This paper discusses the information function that needs to be conducted in an agricultural research institution.
PeNCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN DAN APLIKASI KEBIJAKAN PENGENDALIANNYA
Authors: Irham Irham
Published: September 2020

This paper demonstrates that polluters not only refer to a company or individual but also includes government and society. In economic perspective, the impacts of economic activities on environment are considered externalities (external costs). In order to develop an environmentally friendly economic system, every economic activity needs to internalize the external costs as one of the components of production costs. In this regard, environmental economics plays an important role in valuing such externalities.Various policy instruments are also discussed in this paper in order to support sustainable environmental development. It is concluded that with no market distortion, market-based mechanism instrument is considered effective in protecting environment. If market distortion exists, however, regulation-based instrument is considered more effective.
PEKERJAAN LUAR USAHATANI (KASUS RUMAH TANGGA PETANI GUREM DI JAWA)
Authors: Suratiyah Ken
Published: September 2020

Small farmer's household never deppend on on-farm income, they must to get other income sources by allocating their family labour as must as possible.Although they are small farmers, they still regard their job is being farmer and the other off-farm activities just as part time jobs. Family labour allocation on off-farm activities is about four times then on-farm, the off-farm's share to household income are 60,31%.By off-farm activities household farmer welfare level increase from poverty level to become wealthy level or not be poor level. The fact is show that off-farm activities to become more important for small farmer's household.
PENGEMBALIAN KREDIT DAN PENDAPATAN PETANI PLASMA PR-TRANS KELAPA SAWIT : (Kasus di Kecamatan Tungkal Ulu Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Propinsi Jambi)
Authors: Jamhari Jamhari
Published: September 2020

This research aimed to investigate the ability of farmers to return credits, the income of farmers and constraints to improve the performance of Pir-Trans Kelapa sawit. The research found that the farmers had enough abilities to return their credits. The abilities to return credit and the income of farmers varied among farmers group, depended on the age of crops. In average, the farmers could return their credit Rp 163,232/month. The average of farmer's income of palm oil crops was Rp 380.874/month gross or Rp 224.821/month net income. The minimum target of transmigran's income Rp 3.500.000/year in the 5th years could be reached by Pir-Trans Kelapa Sawit program. Four years after conversion, the farmers had Rp 418.596/month or Rp 5. 023.152/year net income of palm oil crops. The research suggested to increase the productivity of palm oil crops in order to utilized the full capacity of machine
PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI YANG BERDASARKAN DEMOKRASI EKONOMI
Authors: Birowo A.T
Published: September 2020

1.PendahuluanDalam kesempatan ini akan disajikan sebuah uraian yang menjelaskan pembangunan ekonomi yang berdasarkan demokrasi ekonomi. Dalam Ketetapan MPR No. IV/MPR/1978 Bab III ditegaskan bahwa pembangunan ekonomi merupakan titik berat pembangunan jangka panjang, yang dilaksanakan bangsa Indonesia dalam perjoangan dan pembangunan nasionalnya. Di dalam UUD-45 pasal 33 telah digariskan ketentuanketentuan yang menguraikan makna demokrasi ekonomi. Yang perlu diuraikan lebih lanjut adalah penerapan demokrasi ekonomi itu dalam arah, langkah-langkah dan kebijaksanaan pembangunan ekonomi.Uraian tentang pembangunan dapat mencakup lingkup yang luas serta cakrawala pelaksanaannya yang berbeda-beda jangkauannya. Untuk dapat menyajikan uraian yang bermakna, analitis dan operasional, dalam kesempatan ini hanya akan diulas pembangunan ekonomi yang menjangkau cakrawala yang dicakup dalam Pola Umum Pembangunan Jangka Panjang, seperti dimuat dalam Bab III Ketetapan MPR No. IV/MPR/ 1978. Kecuali itu, dalam uraian ini, hanya diulas penerapan demokrasi ekonomi dalam arah dan langkah-langkah pembangunan yang strategis dan konsepsional. Penjabarannya lebih lanjut perlu dirumuskan secara lebih terperinci dalam Pola Umum Pelita, maupun dalam Repelita itu sendiri
PENGEMBANGAN PENGELOLAAN ANGGREK SECARA PERUSAHAAN DI YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Sinarhadi Sinarhadi
Published: September 2020

PendahuluanPerkembangan peranggrekan di Indonesia pada akhir-akhir ini menunjukkan perhatian yang besar dari masyarakat terhadap penggunaan salah satu komoditi yang dapat merangsang sebagai sumber penghasilan pokok atau tambahan. Beberapa ahli telah menilai bahwa prospek peranggrekan di Indonesia adalah cerah, mengingat kondisi yang memungkinkan bagi perluasan tanaman, daerah pemasarannya dan masih banyak keroungkinan dikembangkannya jenis-jenis yang ada dengan tujuan komersial. Dengan perkataan lain bahwa usaha untuk memajukan peranggrekan di Indonesia masih mempunyai kemungkinan-kemungkinan luas dan besar, karena potensi atau kekuatan di dalam alam Indonesia masih dimungkinkan.Indonesia pernah tercatat sebagai pengexport bunga anggrek ke beberapa negara Eropa, Asia dan juga ke Amerika Serikat secara terputus-putus. Dari angka-angka pernah tercatat adanya volume export dari tahun 1969 sebesar 765 Kg dan tahun 1972 sebesar 35.064 Kg.Kemajuan-kemajuan yang ada masih diikuti dengan kelemahan-kelemahan yang terdapat pada modal dan koordinasi aparatur penganggrek sendiri
PERINGATAN LIMA TAHUN WAFATNYA PROF. ISO REKSOHADIPROJO
Authors: Hadisapoetro Soedarsono
Published: September 2020

Peringatan lima tahun wafatnya prof. Iso Reksohadiprojo
CIRI-CIRI PENGERTIAN PETANI KECIL
Authors: Suproyo Suproyo
Published: September 2020

PendahuluanBerdasar pada angka-angka pada Sensus Pertanian tahun 1973 tampaklah bahwa di Indonesia terdapat sekitar 14,3 juta hektar usahatani rakyat dan kira-kira 1.700 unit perkebunan besar. Rata-rata per unit untuk seluruh Indonesia adalah 0,98 hektar untuk 16,1 juta hektar tanah pertanian 2,2 juta hektar diusahakan 1.700 unit perkebunan besar, dan sisanya yang 13,9 juta hektar. dikerjakan 14,3 juta pertanian rakyat. Apabila dilihat antar pulau, maka rata-rata luas tanah usahatani rakyat 0,64 hektar di Jawa--Madura dan Kalimantan 2,71 hektar.Dibandingkan dengan angka Sensus Pertanian 1963 dalam jangka waktu 10 tahun terdapat pertambahan usahatani rakyat sebanyak 2 juta unit diimbangi pertambahan luas tanah pertanian 1 juta hektar dengan demikian tenjadi penurunan luas rata-rata per unit pada pertanian rakyat sebesar 0,02 hektar. Keadaan penguasaan dan pemilikan tanah di pedesaan tahun 1976 rumah tangga yang menguasai tanah sebanyak 13,3 juta dari 13,7 juta rumah tangga di Indonesia. Sebagian besar rumah tangga pedesaan menguasai tanah kurang dari 0,75 Ha, yaitu 8,3 juta atau 62% dari total rumah tangga pedesaan. Sebanyak 5 juta rumah tangga (39%) dari total rumah tangga pedesaan menguasai tanah lebih dari 1 hektar. Perkiraan penduduk di bawah garis kemiskinan tercatat sebanyak 55% dari seluruh penduduk Indonesia. Dalam sektor pertanian pusat dari kesulitan kemiskinan adalah keluarga-keluarga itu sendiri dan mengerjakan tanah yang sangat sempit atau tanpa tanah milik sendiri. Petani kecil menduduki/menguasai sektor pertanian di kebanyakan daerah di mans luas pemilikan tanah kurang dari 1 Ha berjumlah kira-kira 2/3 atau lebih dari jumlah petani.Dari gambaran tersebut di atas menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor luas tanah usahatani yang sempit, keadaan penguasaan dan pemilikan tanah menyebabkan rendahnya pendapatan petani di mana hingga kini hal ini memberikan pengertian kepada kita petani yang demikian disebut
PERUSAHAAN INTI PADI (NUCLEUS RICE ESTATE)
Authors: Widodo Sri
Published: September 2020

PendahuluanMenteri Pertanian dalam pidato pengarahan pada Rapim Deptan Repelita III dengan Assosiasi dan Pengusaha Swasta di bidang pertanian 28 September 1978 mengharapkan bahwa peranan swasta dalam Pelita III akan lebih besar, terutama dalam investasi dalam ikut serta memecahkan masalah pangan. Harapan pemerintah terhadap perusahaan swasta maupun perusahaan negara seperti ini adalah wajar, selama keuntungan yang diperoleh perusahaan tersebut langsung atau tidak langsung diadakan dan diperbesar oleh adanya bantuan pemerintah dalam bentuk subsidi program peningkatan produksi pangan yang meliputi price support policy maupun input support policy.Dengan biaya yang besar, Rp 198,2 milyar biaya Bimas pada tahun 1976 dan Rp 143,4 milyar tahun 1977 3) , pemerintah berusaha untuk memecahkan masalah pangan terutama beras, tetapi nampaknya produksi beras masih di bawah supply yang diperlukan agar tidak mengakibatkan akibat ekonomi yang serius.Dalam periode di sekitar Pelita I, Indonesia telah berhasil meningkatkan produksi rata-rata 4,08% atau 525.000 ton beras setahun dari tahun 1968 s/d 1975. Kenaikan produksi ini terdiri dari 397.000 ton dari intensifikasi dan 127.000 ton dari perluasan areal 4).Akan tetapi meskipun produksi padi sudah meningkat import masih terus meningkat pula
PENYEMPURNAAN DAN PEMANTAPAN PELAKSANAAN SISTEM KERJA LAKU
Authors: Sutardi Ahmad
Published: September 2020

PendahuluanSelama hampir 10 tahun sejak tahun 1976 penyuluhan pertanian di Indonesia menerapkan sistem kerja Latihan dan Kunjungan. Selama waktu tersebut telah banyak hasil yang dicapai khususnya dalam tujuan meningkatkan produksi tanaman pangan terutama padi dan palawija.Banyak negara yang sedang membangun melaksanakan penyuluhan pertanian dengan mengetrapkan sistem kerja LAKU, negara-negara tersebut tersebar dikawasan Asia, Afrika, Amerika Selatan dan Eropa. Direktorat Penyuluhan Tanaman Pangan nampaknya bertekad untuk menyempurnakan dan memantapkan sistem kerja LAKU agar sistem kerja LAKU yang sementara ini digunakan di Indonesia Iebih mampu memberikan daya guna dan hasil guna penyuluhan pertanian
MASALAH PELAKSANAAN PERJANJIAN BAGI HASIL MENURUT UNDNAG-UNDNAG NO. 2 TAHUN 1960 DI KABUPATEN KUDUS
Authors: Darsono Darsono
Published: September 2020

PendahuluanTanah adalah salah satu faktor produksi yang penting di antara faktorfaktor produksi yang lain. Bagi petani tanah adalah alat produksi, yang merupakan tumpuan harapan di mana kelangsungan hidup petani dan keluarganya digantungkan kepadanya. Tanah merupakan sumber harta kekayaan yang amat besar dan hampir tiada habisnya.Sehubungan dengan itu pula, manusia di dalam kehidupannya tidak bisa terlepas dari masalah tanah. Hai ini karena tanah menyangkut segala segi kehidupan manusia, balk itu sebagai tempat pemukiman, sebagai tempat kegiatan dalam bidang pertanian, bidang industri dan sebagainya.Bahwa begitu pentingnya tanah sebagai faktor produksi, dapat dibuktikan dari tinggi rendahnya balas jasa (sewa, bagi basil yang sesuai dengan permintaan dan penawaran tanah itu dalam masyarakat dan daerah tertentu (Mubyarto, 1977). Selanjutnya Mubyarto (1977), mengatakan bahwa dalam suatu daerah yang penduduknya sangat padat di mana jumlah petani penyakap yang memerlukan tanah garapan jauh lebih besar daripada persediaan tanah yang ada, maka pemilik tanah dapat meminta syarat-syarat yang lebih berat bila dibandingkan dengan daerah di mana persediaan tanah garapan masih luas. Di samping adanya kemungkinan pemilik tanah akan memilih menyakapkan tanahnya kepada petani yang sanggup menawarkan bagi hasil yang lebih menarik, maka pemilik dapat pula memilih petani penyakap yang lebih rajin dan lebih menunjukkan kesungguhan dalam mengerjakan tanah. Sehingga keadaan demikian ini yang menyebabkan penyakap akan selalu berusaha untuk tidak mengecewakan pemilik tanah supaya tanahnya tidak dicabut kembali oleh pemiiiknya
KEUNGGULAN KOMPETITIF USAHA TERNAK SAPI POTONG DI KABUPATEN GUNUNGKIDUL
Authors: Sunandar Nandang
Published: September 2020

The research has been conducted to find out a competitive advantage of beef cattle farming. Data used in this research was primary data collected through survey in Gunungkidul Regency, Province od Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. The location determination was cinducted in purposive based on population of beef cattle. The selected location was Sub District of Karang Mojo and Semanu. Total sample was defined in quota that is 240 beef cattle farmers, each 120 beef cattle farmers in Karang Mojo and Semanu. Sample selection was taken  random sampling.  The result suggested that (1) on the whole, without considering various production system and management that much occurred upon its actual condition, beef cattle farming in Gunung Kidul had have competitive advantage because has PCR value < 1, (2) breeding was more competitive advantage than fattening, (3) local cattle breeding has better competitive advantage than crossbreeding cattle, (4) local cattle fattening was more competitive advantage than fattening of crossbreeding cattle, (5) the competitive advantage indicates the usage of domestic resources that has been valued in actual price were quite efficient so that the beef cattle farming is proper to develop on giving economic live for its performer, and (6) the competitive advantage were acquired from the use of greenery, dedak (mixture of rice and bran), gaplek,and family force because the whole input were from field or farmer family source until there is no need cash to achieve it.
ANALISIS KINERJA NASABAH PT. BANK “AA” Tbk. DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ECONOMIC VALUE ADDED (EVA) ANALISIS Z SCORE ALTMAN DAN NILAI SAHAM
Authors: Rahayu Anik Sri , Darwanto Dwidjono Hadi
Published: September 2020

This research aim to know growth of performance of is effort and client share performance of Middle Business customers PT.Bank “AA” Tbk which have go public with analysis EVA (Economic Value Added), Z Score of Altman and Intrinsic Vlaue of Share. The Analysis expected can be enchanced in package analysis credit of new application, lengthening and also addition (supplies) of credit, so that channeling of credit can give security guarantee to banking.Research conducted by calculating and analyzing value of EVA, Z Score and Intrinsic Value of compared to share (is) Vlaue Stocks Market from 13 (thirteen) Middle Business customers of PT. Bank “AA” Tbk which have go public and hereinafter lok for correlation EVA with Z Score, EVA with Value Stocks Market and Z Score with Value Stocks Market. Result of calculation indicate that :Acquirement of net profit do not is forever followed with result of assessment of EVA which are positive, and even negativity, its meaning of acquirement of net profit cannot cover of is expense of invested capital, so that company monetarily unable to create value (create value) to stakeholder.Customers majority of PT.Bank “AA” Tbk which have go public though can obtain get net profit, but assess its Z Score lower that is d” 1,81 or reside in at high monetary difficult area and flange can to bankruptcy.Majority assess customers stocks market PT.Bank “AA” Tbk which have go public reside in under intrinsic value of value him in fact. This condition can be interpreted that stocks market value do not express the condition of its company’s finance.Correlation between examine variables in this article that is between value of EVA with Z Score, Value of EVA with Value Stocks Market and Z Score with each Value Stocks Market show correlation in existence. Though there no its correlation, analysis of EVA, Z Score and Intrinsic Value of Share require to be enhanced in package analyze credit PT.Bank “AA” Tbk to be monitoring of condition finance of customers more intensive.
POVERTY AND FOOD SECURITY OF THE FARMER HOUSEHOLDS IN KEDUANG SUBWATERSHED WONOGIRI DISTRICT
Authors: Mandala Ajeng Ayu Nabila , Hardyastuti Suhatmini , Hartono Slamet
Published: September 2020

This study aims to know human assets, natural, physical financial, and social to identify level of poverty and food security in critical and non critical land areas, to analyze factors affecting level of food security, to identify lingkages between poverty and food security. The research was conducted in Keduang Subwatershed Wonogiri District determined purposively covering upstream, widstream, and downstream which describes the land area of critical and non critical. The respondents are 120 farmers, randomly selected woth 20 farmers in each location. The result show that human assets  ( age, education, farming experience, numbe r of household), natural  ( land area, area assets). Physical (vehicles), financial (savings, jewelry, cuttle), social (solidarity, trust, and cooperation, conflict resolution) in the critical land areas are similar to the non critical, while agricultural equipment in critical land areas lower than then non critical. Poverty in the critical higher than the non critical areas based on criteria Sajogyo, World Bank, Asian Development Bank(ADB), and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), whereas according to the criteria of BPS Wonogiri District in areas of critical and non critical landa not classified as poor. Food security in critical is lower than the non critical areas. Factors affecting food security are education, land area, number of households, food expenditure, non food expenditure. . Poverty and food security are intertwined, percentage of vulnerablewithin non poor households ara found enough high where sometime the vulnerable household be able to change into insecure category if the food  supply is not sufficient.
DISTRIBUTION ACCURACY EVALUATION OF RASKIN IN BANGUNTAPAN SUBDISTRICT OF BANTUL DISTRICT
Authors: Nurhandayani Dwi Utari Indah , Masyhuri Masyhuri , Darwanto Dwidjono Hadi
Published: September 2020

This research aims to find out accuracy of the largest distribution, timing quantity, price, administration and quality of Raskin in Banguntapan and find out how much assistance Raskin can meet the needs of the average rice Household Target (Rumah Tangga Sasaran/RTS) in Banguntapan. Methods used is a descriptive analysis by interviewing 50 recipients of Raskin were selected  by random sampling. The data was tested by T test. The result showed that the accuracy rate of the distribution of Raskin in Banguntapan from indicators of accuracy that have been defined in the general guidelines do not meer the  6 indicator accuracy. Only four indicators that can filled which targeted by poverty line of BPS, right price at the distribution point, right at time and right at administration. To be targeted by the poverty line belongs Sayogyo inappropriate because the amount of spending per capita equal to rice in each target houeholds very widely. Data comparison between the number of poor households and the number of Raskin recipients is known that the number of recipients more than the number of households  in Banguntapan, so its not on target. The purchase price of Raskin at the point of distribution in accordance with the conditions set by Bulog. But in this research redeemed price to the point there is a difference in price of about Rp 100/kg to 200/kg that used to transport costs from one place to another. Amount of Raskin that received by each RTS amounted to an average of 9.22 kg and the Raskin are normal qualified. Raskin received by RTS only able to meet the needs of domestic rice consumption amounted to 51.22% per month.
HUBUNGAN KINERJA DAN MANFAAT KOPERASI PERTANIAN DI KABUPATEN KOLAKA
Authors: Rianse Ilma Sarimutaqiyma , Hartono Slamet , Suryantini Any
Published: September 2020

This research aimed at investigating : (1) the analysis of cooperation based on agricultural criterion in Kolaka District based on cooperation performance analysis based on agricultural criterion in Kolaka District according to cooperative development orientation and cooperation classification orientation; (2) the cooperation performance based on farmer’s perception and cooperation apparatus; (3) find out the benefit found by the farmer  as the member; (4) the analysis of correlation between performance and benefit obtained by farmer as cooperation member. This research applied analytical method. The data used consists of primary and secondary data. Primary data in this research is taken from questioner answer returned by cooperation apparatus respondent and stakeholders who asses the performance and benefit from 10 Agriculture Cooperation of Kolaka District. Secondary data obtained were as: (a) the data of financial report or the balance 10 Agriculture Cooperation in Kolaka District year 2006-2010, (b) the data of profit and loss data 10 Agriculture Cooperation in Kolaka District year 2006-2010. The research finding shown that based on Cooperation Cllasification Orientation, the Agriculture Cooperation in Kolaka District in average was 61.58 in 2007 and included quite good category. In 2008, the average of the cooperation performance was 62.05 and included in quite good category. In 2009 the average of cooperation performance was 62.38 and included in quite good category. In 2010 the average of cooperation  performance was 61.28 and include in quite good category. Then, majority of cooperation apparatus and stakeholders asses that agriculture cooperation in Kolaka District include in quite good criteria that is 48.75%. furthermore, majority of respondents asses that agriculture cooperation in Kolaka District is beneficial, that is 65%. Based on SEM analysis, the correlation of agriculture cooperation performance positively correlates with the finding benefit by farmers. The correlation of coefficient value  of 0.85 has statistical value 14.40. the correlation of standardization value of 0.85 shows the performance and beneficial agriculture cooperation which brings the real correlation. Sequentially, the performance components give the biggest to smallest con tribution that is, caring towards the community is 0.86. the component of voluntary and opened membership is 0.80. the controlling by member democratically is 0.79. the economically participant of the member is 0.71. the education and training give contribution to 0.25. then to components of cooperation benefit sequentially give the biggest to smallest contribution that is marketing economy benefit is 0.96. credit benefit is 0.88. economical benefit of farmer necessity is 0.86. the contribution to social benefit is 0.48.
DAMPAK TEKNOLOGI AGRICULTURE GROWTH PROMOTING INOCULANT (AGPI) PADA USAHATANI PADI SAWAH DI KABUPATEN SLEMAN
Authors: Suratiyah Ken
Published: September 2020

This research was carried out in the Margo Agung villagem Seyegan subdistrict, Sleman regency, which aims (1) to identify how farmers use AGPI technology in rice farming, (2) to know the production, sot, incomes of farmers, (3) to analyze feasibility of rice farming and social prospect that includes the performance of farmer groups in implementing AGPI technology. The basic method in this study is descriptive analytical. The population are farmers who have applied AGPI technology on rice farming in the Sleman Regency, while the respondents were 30 farmers who are members of the farmers grup of Agung Bergas and Sumber Rejeki, in Margo Agung village, Seyegan Subdistrict. The result shows that (1) implementation of AGPI technology, the role of farmer groups as medium of learning, collective decision making and production unit tend to be higher, (2) AGPI technology increase the total cost and labour but yields enhancement in rice production and income, (3) AGPI technology increase implementation is feasible, showed by the R/C>1, income > rental cost, π/C > bank interest, labor productivity > UMK, production, revenue, and the production prices > BEP.
PERANAN LIURAI DAN RITUAL LISAN DALAM ADOPSI INOVASI USAHATANI SAYURAN MELALUI FARMER FIELD SCHOOL DI TIMOR-LESTE
Authors: Conceicao Gil Da , Witjaksono Roso
Published: September 2020

The objectives of research were to (1) understand effect of exsternal and internal factors on farmers activeness in following FFS activities in Sub District Manatuto and Lospalos, (2) explain effects of farmers activeness on following FFS activities on innovation adoption level of vegetables farming. This research used survey method. The respondents were farmers who followed farmer field school in sub District Manatuto and Lospalos (20 administrators and 80 members). Variables used in this research were external factor (role of Liurai, Lisan, agriculture extension and land area) and internal factors (age, frmal and non frmal education, market perception, farmers’ attitude to innovation and motivation) and activeness variables of farmers in following FFS. The results inc=dicated that formal and informal education affected activeness of farmers with sigv=nificant values of 0.034 for formal education and 0.001 for Non formal education. Whie external factors of farmers, namely, role of Liurai, really affected activeness of farmers with significant value of 0.016. furthermore, activeness variables of farmers also really affected level of vegetables farming innovation adoption through FFS in Sub District Mnatuto and Lospalos with significant rate of 0.001.
DAMPAK KENAlKAN BARGA MINYAK GORENG TERHADAP KELAYAKAN USAHA INDUSTRI RUMAH TANGGA KERIPIK TEMPE DI KECAMATAN RAWALO KABUPATEN BANYUMAS
Authors: Mulyani Altri , Masyhuri Masyhuri , Suratiyah Ken
Published: September 2020

The objectives are to know: (1) the impact of cooking oil price increasing to the feasibility of tempe chips home industry; (2) income decreasing of tempe chips home industry after cooking oil price increasing; (3)factors affecting the profit of tempe chips home industry; (4) strategy of the tempe chips home industry when the production cost increase as cooking oil price increase. The research area is Rawalo sub-district, Banyumas district. Data collected by census method of 49 tempe home industries. Analyses used are RIC ratio, 1C/Cratio, BEP production, BEP revenue, BEP price, and Unit-Output-Price Cobb-Douglas Profit Function. The results show that: (1) tempe chips home industries have to be maintained although cooking oil price increasing has increased the product's price also; (2) after cooking oil price increasing period, tempe chips home industry has decreasing income; (3) UOP Cobb-Douglas Profit Function shows that cooking oil price, soybean price, cassava powder price, production capacity, dummy variable of before and after increasing cooking oil price period affect the profit function of tempe chips home industry; (4) strategy have been practiced by tempe chips home industries tempe chips product's size, decrease the tempe chips per pack capacity, decrease the production capacity, decrease the production frequency, and add cassava in the processing of tempe making.
PERANAN SEKTOR PERTANIAN PADAPEREKONOMIAN PROVINSI JAWATENGAH PERIODE 2000-2004
Authors: Widyarini Indah , Suryantini Any , Hardyastuti Suhatmini
Published: September 2020

This research aims to identify: (1) linkage between agricultural sectors towards Central Java economy; (2) agricultural sector contribution on added value increasing, especially for household income; and ·(3) what agricultural sector commodities are priorities on Central Java economy. The 2000 and 2004 input-output table of Central Java are analyzed by linkage analysis, output and income multiplier. The results show that agricultural sector growth in Central Java able to enhance any other sector activities. Tobacco, poultry, and its outputs are agricultural sector commodity which use a lot of any other economic sector outputs as its input. Then, sugar cane is agricultural sector output which is used as input by a lot of other economic sector. Central Java agricultural sector has role in increasing the added value, especially for household income. Agricultural sector commodities which have high rate of output multiplier are tobacco, poultry and its outputs. Central Java agricultural sector which becomes short term priority sector, has big investment impact toward total production increasing, and has role toward household income increasing are poultry and its outputs, tobacco, rubber,coffee, sugar cane and animal husbandry and its outputs. Furthermore, longterm priority sector, i.e. sectors which able to enhance any other sectoractivities, includes clove and any other plantation, agricultural services,wood, coffee, any other food substance and coconut.
Peranan Wanita dalam Pertanian Kehutanan dan Pelestarian Lingkungan
Authors: Suratiyah Ken
Published: September 2020

Pemerintah Indonesia bertekad untuk mengembangkan dan meningkatkan peranan wanita dalam pembangunan.
An Important Rural Local Organisation in The Central Maluku
Authors: Soukatta N
Published: September 2020

Rural Local Organization plays an important role in the Central Maluku Society especially in the Lease islands.
ANALISIS PERMINTAAN DAGING AYAM DI PROPINSI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL REGRESI TERSENSOR
Authors: Hoen Nguyen Khac , Hartono Slamet , Soedjono Ma
Published: September 2020

The chicken is a relative popular food in Indonesia in general and in Yogyakarta Special Region in particular. Demand for the chicken.
Reorientasi Pembangunan Pertanian dalam Era Globalisasi dan Tuntutan Reformasi
Authors: Widodo Sri
Published: September 2020

Krisis ekonomi sepintas nampak merupakan akibat dari terpuruknya nilai tukar rupiah dan langkanya dollar dalam rangka pembayaran kembali hutang yang terlalu besar, terutama hutang komersial yang kurang terkendali. Akan tetapi kalau kita kaji lebih mendalam krisis ekonomi ini merupakan akibat dari sistem ekonomi dan politik yang salah, yang mengandung banyak celah kelemahan sebagai akibat dari struktur ekonomi, sosial dan politik yang telah terbina selama tiga dasawarsa lebih. Hal ini telah menghasilkan beberapa penyimpangan yang saling terkait(1).Kekuasaansentralistikyangberlebihan,(2).Penyelewengan yang berbau kolusi, nepotis medan korupsi (KNK),(3).Pemberian privilage pada kelornpok tertentu di dunia usaha sehingga mengarah ke monopoli,(4).Maraknyaberbagairekayasauntukmempertahankanstatusdipemerintahandandiduniausaha(5).Kebijakanekonomiyangkurangmendasardankurangberbasispadapotensipembangunanyanglebihmerata.(6).Liberalisasiperbankanyanglebihmemanfaatkan.fasilitaspemerintahdan
Lessons for Other Developing Countries from Recent Asian Financial Crisis
Authors: Mulyo Jangkung Handoyo
Published: September 2020

The Asian financial crisis was triggered by the speculative attack on the dpmestic currincies.
Analisis Konsumsi Pangan Hewani pada Tingkat Rumah Tangga di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Wijayanti Irene Eka , Masyhuri Masyhuri , Suratiyah Ken
Published: September 2020

The objectives of the study are to recognize the factors influence animal food consumption (catfish, beef, chicken, chickens egg, condensed sugar milk), income elasticity value of animal food consumption, own price elasticity value of animal food consumption, and amount of animal protein consumption by the people in special region Yogyakarta Province.
SYNTHESIS CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIDIS
Authors: SANGWAN POONAM , KUMAR HARISH
Published: September 2020

Objective: This study deals with the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles by sol-gel technique, their characterization and antibacterial activity of these nanoparticles against Staphylococcus epidermidis.

Methods: Hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by sol-gel method using tetraethyl orthosilicate as a precursor. The structural morphology, size, and chemical state of synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles have been investigated by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The antibacterial activities of these iron oxide nanoparticles were investigated on a pathogenic bacteria S. epidermidis, by measuring the zone of inhibition and colony-forming units on solid medium and by measuring the optical density of the culture solution. Antibacterial activity of iron oxide nanoparticles was also compared with well-known standard antibiotics.

Results: It was confirmed from XRD data that the synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles were hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles. Average particle size of the Fe2O3 nanoparticles was found to be 38.57 nm by XRD characterization. The antibacterial activity of Fe2O3 nanoparticles was almost comparable to the most of the standard antibiotics (taken for comparison), but Fe2O3 nanoparticles were found to be more effective than antibiotic ampicillin and sulfatriad toward S. epidermidis.

Conclusion: This study shows that Fe2O3 nanoparticles possess good antibacterial properties; therefore, these metal nanoparticles may be used in place of antibiotics. These inorganic metal nanoparticles can be used by pharmaceutical industries for further research regarding the toxicity study for its use in human being.
Sentidos de las prácticas discursivas en la formación de maestros en clave de educación para la paz y construcción de ciudadanía
Authors: Manco Rueda Sergio Andrés , Franco Montoya Juan Carlos , Agudelo Torres José Federico , Parra Moncada Patricia
Published: September 2020

Introducción: esta reflexión investigativa surge en el marco de la situación que vivía Colombia con miras a consolidar el acuerdo de paz, por lo cual, se hacía necesario centrar la mirada en la formación de maestros, ya que estos son actores sociales, éticos y políticos que con su trabajo pedagógico le aportan a la construcción de una cultura de paz. En este sentido, el objetivo estuvo orientado a develar las prácticas discursivas en torno a la educación para la paz y construcción de ciudadanía que circulan y se apropian en la formación de maestros en ocho facultades de educación y dos normales superiores en el departamento de Antioquia. Los materiales y métodos: la investigación es cualitativa con enfoque fenomenológico y documental, las técnicas utilizadas: entrevista, grupo focal y análisis documental; los instrumentos: guía de entrevista, guía de grupo focal y ficha para el análisis de documentos institucionales. El análisis se hizo con la información que arrojaba cada instrumento y posteriormente se trianguló en una matriz de cuatro cuadrantes del sentido propuesta por los investigadores. Los resultados: los sentidos de las prácticas discursivas se plantearon desde cuatro perspectivas, que son subjetiva, objetiva, intersubjetiva e interobjetiva. Se Concluye que los sentidos de las prácticas discursivas se sitúan desde lo subjetivo en el propio saber, sentir y vivencia. Lo objetivo en las experiencias, protocolos y estrategias. Lo intersubjetivo en la interrelación y cultura discursiva y la interobjetiva se refiere a la institucionalización y aplicación explicita de las políticas educativas.
Caracterización de la espiritualidad del estudiante de la Corporación Universitaria Lasallista 2017-2018
Authors: Zapata Muriel Fernando Antonio , Calero Campo Juan Camilo , Trujillo Avecedo Juan Camilo
Published: September 2020

Introducción: este artículo es el resultado de un proyecto de investigación basado en la descripción de las características de la espiritualidad de los jóvenes de la Corporación Universitaria Lasallista realizado entre 2016- 2018. Objetivo: interpretar las características que conforman la espiritualidad de los jóvenes en la Corporación Universitaria Lasallista. Materiales y métodos: se realizó a partir de un enfoque cualitativo. El método empleado fue el hermenéutico y la aplicación de técnicas de recolección de datos como la encuesta a 346 jóvenes de la Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, a través de un cuestionario por correo conformado con preguntas abiertas, en donde los participantes describieron su espiritualidad. Además, se realizaron cinco grupos focales con un grupo de estudiantes y docentes. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó la técnica de triangulación. Resultados: entre los resultados más relevantes del estudio, se concluye que los jóvenes relacionan la espiritualidad con creencias en una fuerza divina en la cual, la mayoría le otorgan un sentido trascendente que le da sentido a su existencia. En cuanto a la manera como los jóvenes expresan y viven la espiritualidad se halla que gira en torno a apuestas plurales. Conclusiones: se evidencia que no hay la presencia de un tipo de espiritualidad, sino que cada joven tiene una manera diferente de constatar su búsqueda de lo sagrado en la vida y, la alimenta desde las creencias y la similitud con el sentido de vida.
Efecto del método de extracción del almidón de Canna indica L. sobre sus propiedades físico-químicas
Authors: Fonseca López Dania , Monroy Fonseca Lily , Rodríguez Molano Carlos Eduardo
Published: September 2020

Introducción. En Colombia el almidón de Canna indica L. se extrae por métodos artesanales, pero se desconoce si estos influyen en sus propiedades físico químicas. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de dos métodos de extracción del almidón de Canna indica L. sobre sus propiedades físico químicas. Materiales y métodos. Se extrajo el almidón por licuado y por rallado, y se evaluó su índice de absorción de agua, solubilidad en agua, poder de hinchamiento, temperatura de gelatinización (TG) y viscosidad en buffer a diferente pH. También se determinó su calidad composicional y la del rizoma. Se empleó un diseño completamente al azar, y el análisis de los datos de las características químicas del almidón se hizo por comparación de medias de dos poblaciones normales con t student (P <0.05). Resultados. Se observó que la viscosidad en medios ácidos y la TG del almidón extraído por el método rallado fue mayor (75.6 ± 1.91 ° C), comparado con el almidón extraído por licuado (62.08 ± 1.83 ° C) (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusión. El almidón extraído por rallado soporta mayor temperatura y tolera mejor los medios ácidos, lo que demuestra que el tratamiento físico del almidón influye en las propiedades TG y la resistencia del almidón a la acidez.
Análisis cualitativo sobre los factores que motivan la adopción de techos verdes
Authors: Valencia Grajales Andrea Maria , Ruiz Herrera Luis Germán , Valencia Arias Alejandro , Valencia Grajales José Fernando
Published: September 2020

Introducción. La existencia de zonas densamente pobladas, pero sin una adecuada planificación de sus zonas verdes es una problemática común en el territorio colombiano. Dicha problemática se aborda en la presente investigación. Objetivo. Examinar los factores que incentivan la adopción de techos verdes en los nuevos proyectos de propiedad horizontal. Materiales y métodos. Para investigar lo anterior se propone una metodología analítica con medios documentales derivados de resultados de investigaciones a nivel mundial y entrevistas a profundidad a entidades privadas, públicas y la ciudadanía sobre viabilidad de la adopción de los techos verdes. Resultados. Entre los resultados obtenidos se encuentra que factores como temperatura, energía y calidad de vida influyen en la adopción de techos verdes. Conclusión. Las motivaciones y expectativas de las entidades gubernamentales, las constructoras y los usuarios, intervienen directamente con el uso y utilidad de la tecnología, de tal manera que se genere una mejor calidad de vida en los habitantes.
Solid-liquid phase equilibria of H2O-Mn(H2PO2)2-MnCl2-NaCl, H2O-Mn(H2PO2)2-MnCl2 and (H2O-NaCl- MnCl2 systems at 323.15 K
Authors: Adiguzel Vedat , Liu Wei , Memon Asadullah , Zhou Hongtao , Akbar Imran , Zafar Atif , Ansari Ubedullah
Published: September 2020

The solid?liquid phase equilibria (SLE) and densities of H2O?NaCl? ?MnCl2?Mn(H2PO2)2 quaternary system and H2O?NaCl?MnCl2 and H2O? ?MnCl2?Mn(H2PO2)2 ternary systems were investigated at 323.15 K by the isothermal solution saturation method. The analyses of the liquid and solid phases were used to determine the composition of the solid phase using the Schreinemakers graphic method. The ternary systems contain one invariant point, two invariant curves and two crystallization regions. In the quaternary system, there is one invariant point, three invariant curves and three crystallization areas corresponding to NaCl, MnCl2?4H2O and Mn(H2PO2)?2H2O. The crystallization area of Mn(H2PO2)2?H2O, being the largest in comparison with those of other salts, occupied 80.75 % of the total crystallization area.
Simulating the strategies of oil field development for enhanced oil recovery
Authors: Tahir Muhammad , Liu Wei , Memon Asadullah , Zhou Hongtao , Liu Wei , Zafar Atif , Ansari Ubedullah , Akbar Imran , Yang Zhen , Zhu Rui
Published: September 2020

Many years have passed in oil field development but primary challenges faced
by the X reservoir are the rapid decline of formation pressure and the
significant solution gas released from the formation, which impairs
production. Based on these challenges, a compositional simulation model of
the X reservoir was constructed and run to establish the future development
plans. The basic reservoir data collection and processing, quality assurance
of the data, characteristic pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) matching by
ECLIPSE PVTi, and simulation of various adjustment strategies to forecast
development plans, as well as data sensitivity analysis and optimization has
been included in this study. In addition, to establish a desirable
development plan, the simulation model is set up in great consistency with
the geological model resulted from the seismic and logging interpretations.
Also, emphases are paid on establishing matches with the reported lab data
from production wells by PVTi. Results revealed that the specific reservoir
development plan intends to reinstate or maintain formation pressure of the
X reservoir. All design and optimization studies are set to comprehend the
reservoir with the numerical model.