bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NGS read classification using AI
Authors: Voigt Benjamin , Fischer Oliver , Krumnow Christian , Herta Christian , Dabrowski Piotr Wojciech
Published: December 2021

Clinical metagenomics is a powerful diagnostic tool, as it offers an open view into all DNA in a patient’s sample. This allows the detection of pathogens that would slip through the cracks of classical specific assays. However, due to this unspecific nature of metagenomic sequencing, a huge amount of unspecific data is generated during the sequencing itself and the diagnosis only takes place at the data analysis stage where relevant sequences are filtered out. Typically, this is done by comparison to reference databases. While this approach has been optimized over the past years and works well to detect pathogens that are represented in the used databases, a common challenge in analysing a metagenomic patient sample arises when no pathogen sequences are found: How to determine whether truly no evidence of a pathogen is present in the data or whether the pathogen’s genome is simply absent from the database and the sequences in the dataset could thus not be classified? Here, we present a novel approach to this problem of detecting novel pathogens in metagenomic datasets by classifying the (segments of) proteins encoded by the sequences in the datasets. We train a neural network on the sequences of coding sequences, labeled by taxonomic domain, and use this neural network to predict the taxonomic classification of sequences that can not be classified by comparison to a reference database, thus facilitating the detection of potential novel pathogens.
Impact of stock health on fish prices: Evaluation and implications for food accessibility
Authors: Rodriguez Marceliano , Calvo-Dopico Domingo , Mourelle Estefanía
Published: December 2021

The continuous rise of the world’s population has made food security a major point of the global agenda, with fisheries providing a key source of nutrition, especially in developing countries. Ensuring their health is key to maintain the availability of the resource, but its effect over accessibility is yet unclear. In this paper, we discuss the relevance of stock health for ensuring the price accessibility of the resource. A Least Square Dummy Variable panel model is proposed for bluefin tuna prices, with a biological explanatory component, and dummy variables reflecting changes in fishing trends. Both have proven to be significant to explain annual price variations, with improvements in stock health achieving price reductions.
Discretionary Effort on Green Technology Innovation: How Chinese Enterprises Act when Facing Financing Constraints
Authors: Zhang Kexian , Liu Xiaoying , Hong Min
Published: December 2021

Firm’s effort on Green technology innovation (hereafter, called G-innovation) is affected by financing constraints, and firm will make a discretionary choice according to its own situation, to achieve the maximization of self-interests. Based on the data of Chinese micro enterprises, firstly, we empirically analyze firms’ decision-making towards G-innovation when faced with financing constraints. It supports the view that financing constraints can hinder enterprise technological innovation. And we also make an explanation that the social benefits of green technology innovation are greater than personal benefits, which makes enterprises tend to reduce green technology innovation when facing financing constraints. Then we examine firms’ heterogonous behaviors under different internal attributes and external environments. The results reveal that: First, firms are reluctant to pay more efforts to G-innovation when faced with increased financing constraints. Second, firms with different attributes exhibit heterogeneous G-innovation. Political connections will change firms’ willingness to innovate, while the structure of property rights and the pollution degree will not. Third, firms under different external environment also exhibit heterogeneous G-innovation. When economic policy uncertainty increases, firms’ willingness to innovate weakens. The development of shadow banks fail to improve firm’s willingness to innovate.
The future of fish in Africa: Employment and investment opportunities
Authors: Chan Chin Yee , Tran Nhuong , Cheong Kai Ching , Sulser Timothy B. , Cohen Philippa J. , Wiebe Keith , Nasr-Allah Ahmed Mohamed
Published: December 2021

One of the most pressing challenges facing food systems in Africa is ensuring availability of a healthy and sustainable diet to 2.4 billion people by 2050. The continent has struggled with development challenges, particularly chronic food insecurity and pervasive poverty. In Africa’s food systems, fish and other aquatic foods play a multifaceted role in generating income, and providing a critical source of essential micronutrients. To date, there are no estimates of investment and potential returns for domestic fish production in Africa. To contribute to policy debates about the future of fish in Africa, we applied the International Model for Policy Analysis of Agriculture Commodities and Trade (IMPACT) to explore two Pan-African scenarios for fish sector growth: a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario and a high-growth scenario for capture fisheries and aquaculture with accompanying strong gross domestic product growth (HIGH). Post-model analysis was used to estimate employment and aquaculture investment requirements for the sector in Africa. Africa’s fish sector is estimated to support 20.7 million jobs in 2030, and 21.6 million by 2050 under theBAU. Approximately 2.6 people will be employed indirectly along fisheries and aquaculture value chains for every person directly employed in the fish production stage. Under theHIGHscenario, total employment in Africa’s fish food system will reach 58.0 million jobs, representing 2.4% of total projected population in Africa by 2050. Aquaculture production value is estimated to achieve US$ 3.3 billion and US$ 20.4 billion per year under theBAUandHIGHscenarios by 2050, respectively. Farm-gate investment costs for the three key inputs (fish feeds, farm labor, and fish seed) to achieve the aquaculture volumes projected by 2050 are estimated at US$ 1.8 billion per year under theBAUand US$ 11.6 billion per year under theHIGHscenario. Sustained investments are critical to sustain capture fisheries and support aquaculture growth for food system transformation towards healthier diets.
Analysis and prediction of hand, foot and mouth disease incidence in China using Random Forest and XGBoost
Authors: Meng Delin , Xu Jun , Zhao Jijun
Published: December 2021

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is an increasingly serious public health problem, and it has caused an outbreak in China every year since 2008. Predicting the incidence of HFMD and analyzing its influential factors are of great significance to its prevention. Now, machine learning has shown advantages in infectious disease models, but there are few studies on HFMD incidence based on machine learning that cover all the provinces in mainland China. In this study, we proposed two different machine learning algorithms, Random Forest and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), to perform our analysis and prediction. We first used Random Forest to examine the association between HFMD incidence and potential influential factors for 31 provinces in mainland China. Next, we established Random Forest and XGBoost prediction models using meteorological and social factors as the predictors. Finally, we applied our prediction models in four different regions of mainland China and evaluated the performance of them. Our results show that: 1) Meteorological factors and social factors jointly affect the incidence of HFMD in mainland China. Average temperature and population density are the two most significant influential factors; 2) Population flux has different delayed effect in affecting HFMD incidence in different regions. From a national perspective, the model using population flux data delayed for one month has better prediction performance; 3) The prediction capability of XGBoost model was better than that of Random Forest model from the overall perspective. XGBoost model is more suitable for predicting the incidence of HFMD in mainland China.
Students’ values, professional socialization and the mental gap of corporate social responsibility perceptions
Authors: Alfirević Nikša , Potočan Vojko , Nedelko Zlatko
Published: December 2021

This paper examines how values and professional socialization in business schools impact the formulation of students’ contextualized view of social responsibility. We propose the empirical concept of a mental gap between the existing and the wished-for level of a business school’s corporate social responsibility and estimate it empirically by using a sample of business school students from Central and South East Europe. Results show that students wish their business schools to reduce their current orientation toward economic outcomes and focus on environmental and social responsibilities. We interpret those empirical results in terms of the students’ wish to balance achieving economic prosperity and enjoyment of life with the prosocial outcomes of their education. New student generations’ perception of corporate social responsibility is not shaped by the professional socialization patterns but rather by the own perceptions, which can be influenced by experiential approaches to academic teaching and learning. Based on these empirical results, implications for academic practice and future research are explored.
Childcare attendance and risk of infectious mononucleosis: A population-based Danish cohort study
Authors: Rostgaard Klaus , Stensballe Lone Graff , Søegaard Signe Holst , Kamper-Jørgensen Mads , Hjalgrim Henrik
Published: December 2021

Background

The risk of infectious mononucleosis (IM) is affected both by crowding and by sibship structure, i.e., number and signed age differential between an index child and a sibling. Siblings provide protection against IM by pre-empting delayed primary Epstein-Barr virus infection with its associated high risk of IM. The association between childcare attendance and risk of IM, on the other hand, has never been studied in a large, well-characterized cohort.

Methods

Danish children born in July 1992 through 2016 with a completely known simple childcare attendance history before age 1.5 years (n = 908,866) were followed up for a hospital contact with an IM diagnosis at ages 1.5–26 years. Hazard ratios (HRs) of IM for an additional year of exposure were obtained from stratified Cox regression analyses, stratified by sex and year of birth, with age as the underlying time scale, adjusted for sibship structure, and sociodemographic variables including parental ethnicity and maternal age.

Results

An additional year of exclusively attending a daycare home (max 5 children) yielded HR = 0.90 (95% confidence interval 0.81–1.00), and similarly, each year of exclusively attending a childcare institution (e.g., crèche) yielded HR = 0.94 (0.84–1.06).

Conclusions

Forwarding enrollment in childcare by a year lowers the risk of IM later in life much less than having an additional sibling of comparable age and has no practical public health implications. We find our results suggestive of a random threshold for successful Epstein-Barr virus infection that is more easily reached by a sibling than the collective of playmates in daycare homes or childcare institutions.
Measuring citizens’ engagement during emergencies: Psychometric validation of the Public Health Engagement Scale for Emergency Settings (PHEs-E)
Authors: Graffigna Guendalina , Palamenghi Lorenzo , Barello Serena , Savarese Mariarosaria , Castellini Greta , Lozza Edoardo , Bonanomi Andrea
Published: December 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of citizens’ behaviors in the containment of the virus. Individuals might change their intention to adhere to public health prescriptions depending on various personal characteristics, including their own emotional status, which has been recognized to be a crucial psychological factor in orienting people’s adherence to public health recommendation during emergency settings. In particular, it is crucial to support citizens’ alliance with authorities and feeling of trust: public engagement is a concept that refers to the general involvement of citizens into public affairs which is generally considered an effective approach to enhance citizens’ understanding of their crucial role in public affairs. However, so far there is no agreement on the metrics and indexes that should be used to measures public engagement during a health crisis. The aim of this paper is to validate a psychometric scale (PHEs-E), which intends to measure the readiness of individuals to adhere to the prescribed behavioral change to contain the emergency. Data were collected throughout the pandemic in Italy: in particular, five independent samples were recruited starting from March 2020 to March 2021. Results showed that the proposed measure has good psychometric characteristics. A general linear model was computed to assess the differences of public engagement across the different data points and among citizens with different sociodemographic characteristics. Correlations with other psychological constructs (i.e. Anxiety, Depression and Self-Efficacy) were also tested, showing that more engaged citizens have a lower level of anxiety and depression, and a higher self-efficacy. This study’s findings indicate that individuals’ characteristics may differentiate citizens’ motivation to engage in public health behavioral recommendation to prevent the COVID-19 contagion. However the scale could be useful to perform a psychological monitoring of psychological readiness to engage in public health strategies to face critical events and settings.
Hospitality & Society: Critical reflections on the theorizing of hospitality
Authors: Lynch Paul , McIntosh Alison , Lugosi Peter , Germann Molz Jennie , Ong Chin-Ee
Published: December 2021

This article is the second part of a critical reflection upon the progress of Hospitality & Society in its first ten years. Analysis of the articles published highlights conceptual contributions made to the field of hospitality studies. Thirteen major themes are identified: conceptualizations of hospitality; migration and labour; lifestyle; social hospitality; hospitality, consumption, global citizenship and ethics; addressing neglected areas of research; hostipitality, violence and exploitation; hospitality careers and higher education; historical studies; image and identity; space, design and food; hospitality management and neoliberalism; hospitality and technology. Following reflection on the original goals of Hospitality & Society and the progress made, a research agenda is proposed emerging from the analysis contributing to the aim to transform the landscape of hospitality scholarship.
Social distancing without emotional distancing?1
Authors: Hunt Ava , Wooster Roger
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted every aspect of society and no more so than in educational applications of theatre for children in schools. This article explores the complexities of what applied theatre/drama offer the young to think critically and develop empathetic human relationships crucial to sound mental health. The article’s authors reaffirm ways in which applied theatre/drama and TIE have contributed to healthy social development through contributions to the Personal, Social and Health Education curriculum. Cited are recent projects with compromised praxis in the face of the pandemic. Identified is a shift in educational priorities that are returning to traditional approaches in place of wider heuristic social education. Consequent moves to online teaching and imposition of social distancing has led to concerning levels of social distancing potentially impacting negatively on mental health of the young. However, applied theatre/drama disciplines play a particular role in facilitating emotional maturity through critical thinking.
Chains of art offer connection and care
Authors: Speter Tova
Published: December 2021

Art Therapist Tova Speter shares a sample from Translations: connected art reflecting empathy (c.a.r.e.), a creative example of how engagement in a collaborative art experience can help people feel connected despite being physically isolated. This community art experience was launched in response to the isolating effects of the COVID-19 global pandemic. Over 100 artists participated in nineteen chains of six linked artistic expressions translating the words of the community through art. The six links in each chain offered a creative way to connect, which offset the 6 feet of physical distance we were advised to keep from each other in order to care for each other. This project highlights how art can hold and communicate intention and feeling across modalities as it offers connection and inspiration to a wide audience.
Living with difference: Ontological security and identification of second-generation members of the Nigerian diaspora in Peckham, ‘Little Lagos’, London
Authors: Alakija O. B.
Published: December 2021

This article presents the impact of digital technologies and small media on the second-generation members of the Nigerian diaspora in Peckham (London, United Kingdom). Situated within the larger context of global trends, cultural production and commodification that have become central to contemporary identity articulation, the article argues that cultural production and consumption have become the site of creativity in negotiating multiple attachments for this second-generation offspring of the initial migrants in such a way that living with ‘difference’ has become a part of everyday diasporic experiences. The article shows how second-generation Nigerians in Peckham perform their diasporic identities around the popularity and the inclusion of Afrobeats music, Nollywood films and the representation of ankara clothing styles in the host society and in the global mainstream. It reveals the dialectic interaction between local cultures and global media by showing how digital technologies not only make it possible to connect across space and time but also aid the production of new identities. In contrast to the fear of the older migrants over their perception of non-involvement of young Nigerians in belonging to their homeland, a sense of patriotic pride is demonstrated by their offspring. Insights are drawn from seven-month ethnography of the Nigerian diaspora in Peckham, London. The findings suggest that the inclusion of local artefacts from Nigeria in the host society provides a sense of national pride for the born abroad children in their country of heritage.
Netflix speaks Arabic, Arabs speak Netflix: How SVOD is transforming Arabic series screenwriting
Authors: Haddad Fadi G. , Dhoest Alexander
Published: December 2021

While subscription of video-on-demand (SVOD) services has become increasingly popular across the world in recent years, the arrival of Netflix to the Arab world was transformational. As it stepped up to produce original Arabic series, Netflix-modelled services from the region proliferated, promising to challenge the existing Arabic series’ (musalsalat) routines in content and form. Since the Arab World is scarcely mentioned in the growing scholarly literature on SVODs, this article attempts to understand how the Arabic TV drama industry is recalibrating to this new transnational co-production context, particularly when it comes to developing series ideas and screenplays. Our aim is to analyse the creative interplay in which these ideas and screenplays are evaluated and developed. To this effect, we draw on original interviews with screenwriters, development producers and creative executives who have worked with Netflix on original Arabic series, as well as those who have worked with Shahid VIP, a Saudi-owned pan-Arab SVOD platform. Informed by the ‘Screen Idea System’ framework that suggests an understanding of the dynamics between the shaping elements of any new idea made for the screen, we explore whether the current business model results in certain cultural narratives and how this affects the perceptions of quality and success of the produced series. Our findings show that transnationalism is instigated by the writers’ perception of a transnational target audience, and is reflected strongly on the levels of production and creative decision-making. Moreover, the systems in which the series of both platforms are developed are in constant negotiations with the musalsalat conventions, while aiming to prompt novelty based on a Western perception of the idea of quality.
Arab online news platforms: Innovating language, narratives, audiences and business models. Experiences from Lebanon and Jordan
Authors: Gomez Sobrino Rut
Published: December 2021

This article analyses the rising relevance of online news platforms in the Arab region, particularly those created after the social uprisings that commenced in late 2010 in Tunisia and spread across the southern Mediterranean basin. As the online environment does not contemplate borders, the article refers to the term ‘Arab’, as these initiatives aimed at reaching regional audiences. However, the cases addressed in this article are based only in two countries, Jordan and Lebanon. The research focuses on four specific media start-ups: Raseef22 and Daraj in Lebanon, and 7iber and Sowt in Jordan. The selection of these news platforms integrated in the research exercise was not a simple task as many initiatives of this type were born in the last years such as Al Jumhuriya, MadaMasr and Inkyfada just to mention a few. The author has decided to follow objective aspects such as audience rates, business consolidation, external support from partners and the ability to reach new audiences, particularly young readers, which were not traditionally engaged in conventional media. The methodology to develop the present article has been based on structured interviews with the editors and/or founders of the analysed news platforms together with an analysis of the content that they produce. Research results demonstrate that despite the challenges and the difficulties to become economically sustainable, as well as the continuous political pressures suffered, these initiatives have been able to build unique narratives of unprecedented nature and innovative business models based on international agreements with global organizations. Therefore, they are becoming transformative drivers of journalism and critical thinking across the region, something that was unimaginable just few years ago.
«I often thought if it could not be dissolved, it could only with life be extirpated»: a translemic analysis and Spanish translation of Frances Burney’s Letter from Frances Burney to her sister Esther about her mastectomy without anaesthetic, 1812
Authors: Fernández Rodríguez Carmen María
Published: December 2021

Frances Burney (1752-1840) was one of the most influential eighteenth-century British novelists. Apart from the novel, Burney also cultivated the theatre and she wrote texts of a marked political nature on the French Revolution, a fact that is not so well– known by the general public. This article is inscribed within the framework of gender studies and the so-called Burney Studies and aims to analyze Letter from Frances Burney to Her Sister Esther About her Mastectomy Without Anaesthetic, 1812. By its subject, the document is an account of current interest for both medicine and feminism. Here Letter Here Letter is studied from the perspective of translation studies, specifically taking Itamar Even-Zohar’s theory of literary polisystems and various translation strategies as a methodological reference. We will examine the configuration of the key elements of Even-Zohar’s approach and various translation strategies as a methodological reference in this text which we will approach translation studies as a pathography, insisting on the identification between female subject and writing, Burney’s courage in confronting the disease and the particular relationship she establishes with the participants in the story and the impact that disease has on those around and helping her. Finally, the Spanish translation of Letter is offered, so Spanish-speaking readers have access to this document recently digitized by The British Library. Letter is a chronicle of pain, but also of courage and a real lesson in the intimate relationship between women and writing that was always so important to Burney. This study also means a re-vision of the writer that is far from what we could have until now.
La representación de las deportistas a través del lenguaje en las portadas de los diarios Marca y Sport
Authors: Guerrero Salazar Susana
Published: December 2021

Este artículo analiza cómo aparecen representadas las deportistas en las portadas de los periódicos Marca y Sport durante los Juegos Olímpicos de 2012 y 2016. Para determinar si estos dos periódicos ofrecen el mismo tratamiento cuantitativo y cualitativo de las deportistas en periodos no olímpicos, hemos incluido también las portadas de los mismos días en los años anteriores, respectivamente 2011 y 2015. Las preguntas de investigación que hemos formulado son: cómo son nombradas las deportistas, qué se dice de ellas y qué dicen ellas. El análisis ha permitido comprobar la hipótesis de partida: que las portadas de los diarios deportivos españoles siguen dando escasa representación a las mujeres, incluso cuando ganan más medallas que sus homólogos masculinos, como en los Juegos Olímpicos de 2012 y 2016. Los datos extraídos revelan que las portadas de estos diarios siguen siendo androcéntricas. Las deportistas reciben menos menciones (9,7 %) que sus homólogos masculinos (90,3 %) y apenas aparecen como expertas, comentaristas o simplemente transmisoras de opinión, ya que el discurso directo se atribuye a los hombres en el 91,5 % de los casos. El análisis lingüístico ha permitido determinar los principales rasgos sexistas de los titulares sobre las deportistas: infantilización, redundancia, condición sexuada, dependencia del varón y asimetrías léxicas. Aunque los triunfos de las deportistas han supuesto una mayor cobertura del deporte femenino, esta dista mucho de la que recibe el deporte masculino y no ha ido aumentando, pues en los JJ. OO. de 2012 las mujeres estuvieron mejor representadas que en las portadas de 2016.
La dirección orquestal y su dimensión social: hacia la inclusión de la mujer
Authors: Soler Campo Sandra , Saneleuterio Elia
Published: December 2021

Por influencia de las teorías freudianas suele decirse que, en el contexto de una orquesta, la batuta representa la virilidad, al ser un elemento usado única y exclusivamente por quien ostenta el liderazgo de aquella. El director, batuta en mano, se transforma en un mediador entre el conjunto musical, la obra y el público. Sin embargo, esta analogía únicamente funciona a nivel de recepción musical y social cuando estamos ante un líder varón. El presente artículo analiza con perspectiva de género el rol del director de orquesta partiendo de su origen, como figura que surge en el siglo XIX y evoluciona hasta la actualidad. En concreto se exponen los resultados de una investigación cuyo objetivo es, dada la escasez de mujeres que se dedican a la dirección orquestal, explorar la percepción sobre los papeles de este tipo de liderazgo femenino e identificar los obstáculos que sus protagonistas han tenido que vencer durante su formación musical y, posteriormente, una vez han accedido al mundo laboral. Para ello, se han tenido en cuenta 36 entrevistas realizadas durante los años 2014 y 2020 y el informe ¿Dónde están las mujeres en la música sinfónica?, elaborado por la asociación Clásicas y Modernas. Su análisis conduce a identificar una serie de patrones que obstaculizan la presencia femenina en el ámbito de la dirección orquestal, entre los que destacan la falta de referentes femeninos, la escasa normalización de la profesión de directora de orquesta, las dificultades de conciliación laboral y familiar y los problemas sociales en la recepción y actitud de los y las intérpretes que son dirigidos por una mujer.
Um estudo sobre a construção [por X tempo] à luz da Linguística Funcional Centrada no Uso
Authors: Lopes Monclar Guimarães , Martins Mara Cristina Machado Ladeira
Published: December 2021

Neste trabalho, temos como objetivo descrever as propriedades da forma e da função da construção [por X tempo], um subesquema em que X é um slot preenchido pelos pronomes indefinidos tanto, muito, pouco e algum. Nosso particular interesse por esse objeto está no seu valor aspectual imanente. Mesmo nas ocorrências em que temos um verbo télico, em tempo perfectivo, o emprego de [por X tempo] agrega-lhe uma trajetória cursiva e/ou iterativa, como podemos notar, por exemplo, na contraposição das frases: a) “Ele leu o livro” e “Ele leu o livro por muito tempo”; b) “Sonhei com isso” e “Sonhei com isso por muito tempo”. Para nosso estudo, selecionamos 400 ocorrências do Corpus Now (www.corpusdoportugues.org/now/) e analisamo-las à luz dos pressupostos teóricos da Linguística Funcional Centrada no Uso (OLIVEIRA; ROSÁRIO, 2016; CUNHA; BISPO; SILVA, 2013; TRAUGOTT; TROUSDALE, 2013; entre outros), também conhecida sob o rótulo Linguística Cognitivo-Funcional. Os resultados mostram-nos que a cursividade e a iteratividade devem ser interpretadas como categorias gradientes, em que as construções podem assumir valores aspectuais mais ou menos durativos/iterativos, dependentes de fatores de natureza diversa, dentre os quais destacamos: a) a semântica dos pronomes indefinidos que ocupam o slot X; b) as classes acionais dos verbos (que envolvem as noções da telicidade, da duratividade e da estaticidade); c) o contexto linguístico imediato em que o evento ocorre.
Construções idiomáticas com o verbo pagar no português brasileiro
Authors: Abraçado Jussara , Moreira Eduardo Santana
Published: December 2021

Neste artigo, com o suporte teórico da Linguística Cognitiva, mais especificamente, da Gramática Cognitiva, são analisadas ocorrências de construções idiomáticas com o verbo pagar levantadas em diferentes sites da internet com o auxílio da ferramenta de busca Google. Como resultados (i) demonstra-se que tais construções idiomáticas decorrem da construção esquemática SN TRANSFERIR SN PARA SN que, por sua vez, provém de construção ainda mais esquemática SN V SN SPREP; (ii) são explicitadas peculiaridades no uso das construções levantadas, relações que mantêm entre si, no que diz respeito ao encadeamento de significados e a contextos de usos relacionados ao surgimento das construções analisadas; (iii)  é formulada a rede construcional do verbo pagar contendo as construções em questão.
Crónica inacabada del proceso constituyente chileno
Authors: Pérez-Crespo Vinader Francisco
Published: December 2021

Actualmente en la República de Chile se está produciendo un proceso constituyente sin precedentes. En este contexto de pandemia se ha escogido democráticamente una asamblea constituyente con representación equitativa de mujeres y hombres y con unos escaños reservados para miembros de los pueblos originarios de Chile. Esta Convención Constituyente tiene el mandato específico de elaborar y votar la nueva constitución para el país que posteriormente se someterá a plebiscito. La historia constitucional de Chile es muy extensa y el camino hasta este momento ha sido largo. Desde la promulgación de la Constitución Política de la República de Chile en 1980, durante la dictadura militar de Pinochet, hasta la actualidad ha sido reformada en cincuenta y dos ocasiones. En este artículo se realiza una crónica de lo acontecido hasta el momento y se analiza el concepto de proceso constituyente, el órgano encargado y, por último, cómo repercutirá esto en los derechos de sus ciudadanos.
Artificial Intelligence and the Green Transition for 2030
Authors: Heredia Yzquierdo F. Javier
Published: December 2021

The United Nations have developed the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development as a global agreement aiming to eradicate extreme poverty, fight inequality and injustice and leave no one behind. Agreed by world leaders at the UN in 2015, the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) succeed the well-known Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Parts of the Goals directly address environmental issues. Other do indirectly. In response to this growing awareness, the European Union has enacted a number of policies targeting environmental issues, including lowering carbon emissions and water conservation. It can be argued that the EU is at the forefront of addressing the environmental issues outlined in the SDGs. These policies are mentioned in this Paper and they are to be considered strategic.

Artificial Intelligence has been having an impact in human activities for decades. Lately the impact is happening exponentially. The European Union is aware of such a fact and it implements policies towards increasing innovation in the public and private sector, including funding programmes and instruments to foster business development and efficiency in the Union and in the Member States. AI is also capable of having a profound impact in the environmental issues that the Agenda 2030 is bringing.
El control de constitucionalidad del estado de alarma
Authors: Muñoz Gómez Álvaro
Published: December 2021

El 14 de julio de 2021 el Tribunal Constitucional declaró inconstitucionales algunas de las disposiciones establecidas en el Real Decreto 463/2020, de 14 de marzo, por el que se declara el estado de alarma para la gestión de la situación de crisis sanitaria ocasionada por la COVID-19. La sentencia basa su argumentación en que dichas restricciones constituían una suspensión de la libertad de circulación y no una mera limitación. Esto las hacía incompatibles con el art. 55 CE que establece que la suspensión de determinados derechos solo puede darse bajo los estados de excepción y sitio. La resolución ha suscitado un debate doctrinal que incide sobre la interpretación del derecho de excepción y el papel de las instituciones.
Pandemia y cuidados
Authors: Jiménez Castillón Sofía , Ruberte Marysol
Published: December 2021

La presente contribución refleja los resultados del análisis del impacto del COVID-19 en el trabajo de mujeres migrantes que prestan servicios como empleadas de hogar y cuidados. Se ha abordado este impacto a un doble nivel. A nivel macro, indagando qué implicaciones sociales ha tenido otorgar mayor reconocimiento al trabajo de cuidados durante el confinamiento y dotarlo de ciertos derechos. Y a nivel micro, realizando un estudio de caso sobre cómo ha afectado el virus a las condiciones laborales, sociales, económicas y anímicas de las trabajadoras migrantes de la Asociación de Trabajadoras de Hogar y Cuidados de Zaragoza, poniendo el foco en los procesos de autoorganización llevados a cabo por las propias trabajadoras.
The Role of AES and RC5 Algorithm: A Cryptosystem Model to Secure Information in the Image based Steganography along with Watermarking
Authors: S Jagadeesan , C Mani , S Sambasivam , P Jaisankar , S Sasikala
Published: December 2021

In the brand new technology of cutting-edge technological know-how and era is advanced day via way of means of day. The information confidentiality is danger everywhere in the global and it will increase rapidly. Steganography and cryptography are very vital strategies applied in facts safety to cowl and steady mystery messages in transmitting facts. In this we launch, put in force and check a completely sole technique that can be used as a steady and extraordinarily budget friendly technique {of facts|of knowledge|} interest in addition to information extracting (Jagadeesan, S., 2020). Some efficiency parameters are going to be thru an test received and in comparison with opportunity current approaches parameters to show the efficiency of the deliberate technique. Here we proposes a brand new method to hiding the information the use of steganography strategies primarily based totally on AES and RC5 set of rules cryptosystem. The word Steganography is the splendor of hiding mystery information in the back of the photos, videos, sound and textual content to cowl the name of the game communication. Cryptosystem is the system which given our technique extra perfection. The visible first-class of the quilt photo certainly nice, nobody can consider it how personal information are transmitted the use of this technique. This suggest technique and set of rules ability is exceedingly bendy than different posted set of rules. The AES and RC5 set of rules has no more difficulty and it looks as if thoroughly to hiding the personal information.
Identification and Classification of Tomato Leaf Diseases Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: D Femi , R Murugasami , N Manikandaprabu , J Raja Paulsingh , P Vanaja
Published: December 2021

Tomato is cultivated in all countries of the world in fields, glasshouses etc. China, India, USA, Turkey, Egypt, Iran, Italy, Spain and Brazil are the important countries which are cultivating tomatoes. It is most commonly and widely cultivated in India. India is one of the countries in harvesting tomatoes. Tomato is a vital vegetable yield with respect to both income and food. Tomatoes are for the most part summer crops, yet it tends to improve steadily. Naturally, it contains A and C of vitamins which also acts as an antioxidant to prevent cancerous cells. Since the organic product contains novel features, the demand remains the same. A significant and unique feature with high nutrients gains the importance in tomatoes cultivation. Challenges towards the cultivation of tomato made us to plan for an automated machine to detect infection and to increase the productivity. This system automatically detects the infected parts and classify the types of disease which occur on the leaf like early blight, bacterial wilt, Leaf Spot, tomato mosaic virus, septoria leaf spot, leaf curl virus, and tomato spotted wilt disease using gradient anisotropic diffusion filter for pre-processing and then features are extracted using GLCM from the pre-processed leaf
An Exhaustive Survey on Automatic Text Summarization Using Machine Learning Approches
Authors: N Abinaya , R Anand , T Arunkumar , S Sameema Begam
Published: December 2021

Automatic Text Summarization (ATS) is the key challenge in the area of Natural Language Processing (NLP). It deals with generalizing a summary from a given text without losing the vital information. This is a contemporary area because of exponential content growth in internet and applied in summarizing the content available in books, newsletters, internal document analysis, patent research, e-learning etc. Various machine learning approaches are used in order to achieve the performance of human-generated summaries. The system fails to perform at few areas like checking grammatical errors and paraphrasing the sentences after the summary creation. This work provides a brief view on methods and approaches used in ATS.
A Certain Investigation on Secured and Energy Efficient Data Transmission Techniques Over Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: C Vasuki , S Dr. Kavitha , S Bhuvaneswari
Published: December 2021

Wireless sensor networks are greatly utilized by various applications and environments to sense and transmit the data. As wireless sensor network doesn’t have any centralized architecture, there will be various issues occurs in the network such as data transmission failure, data security issues, energy resource limitation and so on. Various authors focused these issues and published different research works to resolve these issues. In this analysis work, energy efficient and secured data transmission techniques introduced by various authors has been discussed in detailed based on their working procedure and simulation methods. And also this research work provided the overall analysis of the research work based on merits and demerits and each and every technique discussed in the literature section. And also, this research work concluded with numerical evaluation between most recent works in terms of energy consumption and security level. This numerical evaluation is done in the NS2 simulation environment.
NONET AND SELZNICK’S RESPONSIVE LAW CONCEPT IN A HISTORICAL PHILOSOPHY PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Asa Agam Ibnu , Munir Misnal , Ningsih Rr. Siti Murti
Published: December 2021

The responsive laws of Nonet and Selznick's thinking became one of the results of conceptual ideas about the laws that are elaborated periodically. The development of responsive law may be less comprehensive when it has not been found the historical fundamental aspects on which it is focused. It is thus important to study the concept of Nonet and Selznick's responsive legal philosophically. The method in this research is the philosophical method. The results of this study include: first, the development of law in Nonet and Selznick's view is divided into three periods of repressive law, autonomous law, and responsive law. Second, Nonet and Selznick's responsive law when reviewed in historical perspective gained an understanding that responsive law exists from a constantly creative legal subject by looking at legal issues and realities in an increasingly complex society, and responsive law is a law that has always served as part of cultural dynamics.
Paradiplomacy in Creating Regional Competitiveness: Case Study of Jember Regency
Authors: Fathun Laode Muhamad
Published: December 2021

This paper describes the paradiplomacy of the Jember Regency. This paper shows that the Jember Regency’s paradiplomacy through city diplomacy can act as an actor who can cooperate with countries such as Japan and Canada in various fields in order to be a safe and comfortable regency. In doing so, the local government seeks to create international connections through sister cities and smart cities. This effort is a strategy to enter the digital era, which demands more innovative and creative regions. Jember Regency uses a conservative type of paradiplomacy which in line with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as the foreign relations coordinator. Thus, the relationship built is in the form of a joint coordinator formula and parallel harmony between the capital city and the local government. In addition, educational cooperation was conducted by the University of Jember as a form of soft power to introduce many foreigners’ artistic identity, values, and local culture.
Disfungsionalitas Humanitarianisme: Ekspektasi Kehadiran Resiprositas dalam Isu Vaksinasi Pengungsi dan Pencari Suaka di Indonesia
Authors: Pratama Alexander Yudho , Debora Debora , Elisa Samuel , Araisya Tristan Noa , Susila Akbar Yudha
Published: December 2021

This paper analyzes the humanitarian act dysfunction in Indonesia, particularly emphasizing the disparity of refugee vaccination as a form of ignorance towards moral obligation. We argue that the presence of reciprocity expectation for Indonesia’s effort to vaccinate said group of people caused dysfunctionality. We approach the issue humanitarianly using the concept of global justice to explain the relevance of dysfunctionality and vaccine disparity for refugees as well as the moral obligation within the intermestic dimension. In line with the previously stated notion, the intermestic approach is also used as a catalyst for the re-observation of refugee accommodation strategy within the context of COVID-19 pandemic countermeasures. Indonesia’s neglect caused by the country’s reluctance becomes more understandable considering the small potential for politicization of these refugee vaccination efforts. Therefore, emphasizing on the rationalism of profit and loss aspect, the reciprocity motive is proven as vital reference through the attention given to the significance of actor’s roles and behavior, including state actors.
Świadomość wersu
Authors: Waligóra Agnieszka , Bartczak Kacper
Published: December 2021

Wywiad dotyczy samoświadomości twórczej oraz jej odniesienia do kategorii wersologicznych. Rozmówcą jest Kacper Bartczak – profesor Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, amerykanista, poeta i tłumacz. Rozmowa koncentruje się najpierw na problemie metarefleksyjności badaczy literatury i poetów, by następnie przejść do kwestii szczegółowych; kolejno omówione zostają zagadnienia takie jak konceptualizacja wersu w optyce poetyckiej i badawczej, rola wersu w wierszu organicznym czy przekład wersu. Wypowiedzi stanowią też próbę zarysowania kluczowej dla rozmówcy tradycji pragmatystycznej (James, Dewey, Rorty, Shusterman, Nehamas) i jej roli dla twórczej samoświadomości. Amerykańska linia namysłu teoretycznego jest tu wytyczona w odwołaniu się do poglądów licznych dwudziestowiecznych poetów anglosaskich (Coleridge, Stevens, Williams, Olson, O’Hara, Gizzi, Armantrout).
Główne nurty w badaniach nad filmem i religią
Authors: Domalewski Adam
Published: December 2021

The article is a meta-study and provides an original typology of research on film and religion, based on Polish and English academic sources. The author proposes to divide this field of research into four main domains, which he names successively: substantial-theological, anthropological-mythological, socio-cultural and post-secular. The following descriptive criteria were used to introduce this division: the relationship between religion and culture adopted (usually implicitly) in a given direction of research, the concept of both human and religion emerging from them, and the established subject and scope of research, as well as the basic set of tools used within them. The proposed systematic is intended to help capture the significant differences between the main types of research on film and religion, both in terms of research assumptions, methods of analysis, and set goals.
Poświęcić niepewność – prolegomena do badań nad kinem postsekularnym
Authors: Piskorska Anna Maria
Published: December 2021

This article undertakes the issue of defining film phenomena which put forward questions of a primary religious nature (about the meaning of life, source of evil, life after death, the existence of Absolute, etc.) in a way that is independent from major religious traditions. The author posits that describing this phenomenon in the case of European film culture is done best by employing the philosophical thought of postsecularism. Utilizing Mieke Bal’s method of cultural analysis, the author takes as an example the term “sacrifice” to point to the existence of different models by which religious topics are undertaken by the cinema. This leads to a preliminary typology of the phenomenon which differentiates between ‘apologetic’ and ‘critical’ films and, furthermore, between films that refer to particular religious traditions and those expressing a postsecular perspective.
Religious and quasi-religious attitudes in four Polish documentaries from 2008–2019
Authors: Kopczyński Krzysztof
Published: December 2021

The paper aims to present different ways of showing religious and quasi-religious attitudes in contemporary Polish documentaries. The discussion is based on four feature-length films: Kites by Beata Dzianowicz (2008), Communion by Anna Zamecka (2016), Who Will Write Our History by Roberta Grossman (2018), and Tell No One by Tomasz Sekielski (2019). The author evaluates the methodological usefulness of reflection in the documentary of the “religious film” category used in Polish research and the concept of “transcendent(al) style” taken from Paul Schrader’s book. Occasionally touching upon the question of the relationship with audiences, the author also mentions the paradigm of Polish Romanticism present in contemporary culture.