bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seismic modelling for geological fractures
Authors: Cui Xiaoqin , Lines Laurence R. , Krebes Edward S.
Published: April 2017

Based on knowledge of a commutative group calculation of the rock stiffness and on some geophysical assumptions, the simplest fractured medium may be regarded as a fracture embedded in an isotropic background medium, and the fracture interface can be simulated as a linear slip interface that satisfies non‐welded contact boundary conditions: the kinematic displacements are discontinuous across the interface, whereas the dynamic stresses are continuous across the interface. The finite‐difference method with boundary conditions explicitly imposed is advantageous for modelling wave propagation in fractured discontinuous media that are described by the elastic equation of motion and non‐welded contact boundary conditions. In this paper, finite‐difference schemes for horizontally, vertically, and orthogonally fractured media are derived when the fracture interfaces are aligned with the boundaries of the finite‐difference grid. The new finite‐difference schemes explicitly have an additional part that is different from the conventional second‐order finite‐difference scheme and that directly describes the contributions of the fracture to the wave equation of motion in the fractured medium. The numerical seismograms presented, to first order, show that the new finite‐difference scheme is accurate and stable and agrees well with the results of previously published finite‐difference schemes (the Coates and Schoenberg method). The results of the new finite‐difference schemes show how the amplitude of the reflection produced by the fracture varies with the fracture compliances. Later, comparisons with the reflection coefficients indicate that the reflection coefficients of the fracture are frequency dependent, whereas the reflection coefficients of the impedance contrast interface are frequency independent. In addition, the numerical seismograms show that the reflections of the fractured medium are equal to the reflections of the background medium plus the reflections of the fracture in the elastic fractured medium.
Lessons learned from the virus indexing of Musa germplasm: insights from a multiyear collaboration
Authors: De Clerck C. , Crew K. , Van den houwe I. , McMichael L. , Berhal C. , Lassois L. , Haissam Jijakli M. , Roux N. , Thomas J. , Massart S.
Published: April 2017

The Bioversity International Transit Center (ITC) for banana hosts more than 1500 accessions largely covering the genetic diversity of the genus Musa. Its objective is to conserve this genetic diversity and to supply plant materials to users worldwide. All the Musa accessions must be tested for virus presence and, if infected, virus elimination must be attempted, to enable the supply of virus‐free plant material. An international collaborative effort launched under the auspices of Bioversity International (2007–2013) finally led to the implementation of a two‐step process to test the accessions. The first step, called pre‐indexing, involved only molecular tests and was designed as a pre‐screen of new germplasm lines or existing accessions to reduce the need for post‐entry virus therapy and repeated virus indexing. The second step, called full indexing, was performed on either older existing accessions or newer accessions which tested negative during pre‐indexing, and involved molecular tests, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and symptom observation. In total, 270 germplasm lines (434 samples) were pre‐indexed; while full indexing was carried out on 243 accessions (68 of which had been pre‐indexed). A significant proportion of the samples tested during pre‐indexing was infected with at least one virus (68%), showing the utility of this early pre‐screening step. Banana streak OL virus and Banana mild mosaic virus were the most commonly detected viruses during both pre‐ and full indexing. For 22 accessions, viral particles were observed by TEM in full indexing while the molecular tests were negative, underlining the importance of combining various detection techniques. After full indexing, viruses were not detected in 166 accessions, which were then released for international distribution from the ITC. This publication exemplifies how the practical application of diagnostic protocols can raise fundamental questions related to their appropriate use in routine practice and the need for their continuous monitoring and improvement after their first publication.
A small ‘lick’ will sink a great ship: fulminant septicaemia after dog saliva wound treatment in an asplenic patient
Authors: Morandi Evi M , Pauzenberger Reinhard , Tasch Christoph , Rieger Ulrich M , Pierer Gerhard , Djedovic Gabriel
Published: April 2017

Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a bacterium transmitted through the saliva of dogs. An infection can cause severe sepsis with acral necrosis and is potentially fatal. Here, we report the case of a 41‐year‐old man who was infected through a wound that was licked by his dog. He went into septic shock with disseminated intravascular coagulation and subsequently lost both lower legs, his nose and all the fingers on both hands.
Vinogradov’s three primes theorem with almost twin primes
Authors: Matomäki Kaisa , Shao Xuancheng
Published: April 2017

In this paper we prove two results concerning Vinogradov’s three primes theorem with primes that can be called almost twin primes. First, for any $m$, every sufficiently large odd integer $N$ can be written as a sum of three primes $p_{1},p_{2}$ and $p_{3}$ such that, for each $i\in \{1,2,3\}$, the interval $[p_{i},p_{i}+H]$ contains at least $m$ primes, for some $H=H(m)$. Second, every sufficiently large integer $N\equiv 3~(\text{mod}~6)$ can be written as a sum of three primes $p_{1},p_{2}$ and $p_{3}$ such that, for each $i\in \{1,2,3\}$, $p_{i}+2$ has at most two prime factors.
Bounded inhomogeneous wave profiles for increased surface wave excitation efficiency at fluid–solid interfaces
Authors: Woods Daniel C. , Bolton J. Stuart , Rhoads Jeffrey F.
Published: April 2017

Though the ultrasonic excitation of surface waves in solids is generally realized through the use of a contact transducer, remote excitation would enable standoff testing in applications such as the nondestructive evaluation of structures. With respect to the optimal incident wave profile, bounded inhomogeneous waves, which include an exponentially decaying term, have been shown to improve the surface wave excitation efficiency as compared to Gaussian and square waves. The purpose of this work is to investigate the effect of varying the incident wave spatial decay rate, as applied to both lossless fluid–solid interfaces and to solids with viscoelastic losses included. The Fourier method is used to decompose the incident profile and subsequently compute the reflected wave profile. It is shown that inhomogeneous plane wave theory predicts, to a close approximation, the location of the minimum in the local reflection coefficient with respect to the decay rate for bounded incident waves. Moreover, plane wave theory gives a reasonable indication of the decay rate that maximizes the surface wave excitation efficiency.
A theoretical and numerical study on the mechanics of vibro-acoustic modulation
Authors: Singh Ashish Kumar , Chen Boyang , Tan Vincent B. C. , Tay Tong Earn , Lee Heow Pueh
Published: April 2017

Vibro-acoustic modulation (VAM) is a form of a non-destructive testing technique used in nonlinear acoustic methods for the detection of defects. It comprises of exciting the structure with a dual frequency sinusoidal signal and studying the interaction of this wave with the underlying defect. In this work a theoretical study on the mechanics of VAM is presented for a generic material body. The roles of different types of defect on the response of the material are analyzed. The theoretical analysis shows the origins of the nonlinear frequencies in the form of higher harmonics and sidebands commonly observed in the output response of VAM excitation. In addition, the analysis provides insights on the relationships between the magnitudes of the nonlinear responses and those of the input vibrations, and on the physical origins of the nonlinear responses. For a physical visualization of the nonlinear vibrations associated with the theory a finite element analysis of VAM is also performed. The model looks into the plausibility of using VAM for the mapping of damage in physical structures. The model is also used to investigate the effects of the defect size and defect depth on the nonlinear mechanism of VAM.
First detection of equatorial dark dust lane in a protostellar disk at submillimeter wavelength
Authors: Lee Chin-Fei , Li Zhi-Yun , Ho Paul T. P. , Hirano Naomi , Zhang Qizhou , Shang Hsien
Published: April 2017

An equatorial dark lane has been detected in the disk of a protostar in the earliest phase of star formation through ALMA.
In familiar decays, a whiff of new physics
Authors: Cho Adrian
Published: April 2017

Deviations in B meson decays provide hints of new particles at the Large Hadron Collider.
A moonshot for chemistry
Authors: Service Robert F.
Published: April 2017

Proposal to automate the synthesis of natural product molecules could be a boon for drug discovery.
Society labels harassment as research misconduct
Authors: Kuo Maggie
Published: April 2017

Geophysicists' plan to merge harassment with traditional forms of misconduct is unwise, critics say.
Rewiring metabolism under oxygen deprivation
Authors: Storz Jay F. , McClelland Grant B.
Published: April 2017

Naked mole-rats evolved a means to cope with anoxia
Protective Efficacies of Formaldehyde-Inactivated Whole-Virus Vaccine and Antivirals in a Murine Model of Coxsackievirus A10 Infection
Authors: Zhang Zhenjie , Dong Zhaopeng , Li Juan , Carr Michael J. , Zhuang Dongming , Wang Jianxing , Zhang Yawei , Ding Shujun , Tong Yigang , Li Dong , Shi Weifeng
Published: April 2017

Coxsackievirus A10 (CVA10) is one of the major pathogens associated with hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). CVA10 infection can cause herpangina and viral pneumonia, which can be complicated by severe neurological sequelae. The morbidity and mortality of CVA10-associated HFMD have been increasing in recent years, particularly in the pan-Pacific region. There are limited studies, however, on the pathogenesis and immunology of CVA10-associated HFMD infections, and few antiviral drugs or vaccines have been reported. In the present study, a cell-adapted CVA10 strain was employed to inoculate intramuscularly 5-day-old ICR mice, which developed significant clinical signs, including reduced mobility, lower weight gain, and quadriplegia, with significant pathology in the brain, hind limb skeletal muscles, and lungs of infected mice in the moribund state. The severity of illness was associated with abnormally high expression of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6). Antiviral assays demonstrated that ribavirin and gamma interferon administration could significantly inhibit CVA10 replication bothin vitroandin vivo. In addition, formaldehyde-inactivated CVA10 whole-virus vaccines induced immune responses in adult mice, and maternal neutralizing antibodies could be transmitted to neonatal mice, providing protection against CVA10 clinical strains. Furthermore, high-titer antisera were effective against CVA10 and could relieve early clinical symptoms and improve the survival rates of CVA10-challenged neonatal mice. In summary, we present a novel murine model to study CVA10 pathology that will be extremely useful in developing effective antivirals and vaccines to diminish the burden of HFMD-associated disease.

IMPORTANCEHand, foot, and mouth disease cases in infancy, arising from coxsackievirus A10 (CVA10) infections, are typically benign, resolving without any significant adverse events. Severe disease and fatalities, however, can occur in some children, necessitating the development of vaccines and antiviral therapies. The present study has established a newborn-mouse model of CVA10 that, importantly, recapitulates many aspects of human disease with respect to the neuropathology and skeletal muscle pathology. We found that high levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 correlated with disease severity and that ribavirin and gamma interferon could decrease viral titersin vitroandin vivo. Whole-virus vaccines produced immune responses in adult mice, and immunized mothers conferred protection on neonates against challenge from CVA10 clinical strains. Passive immunization with high-titer antisera could also improve survival rates in newborn animals.
Opacification Domain of Serum Opacity Factor Inhibits Beta-Hemolysis and Contributes to Virulence of Streptococcus pyogenes
Authors: Zhu Luchang , Olsen Randall J. , Musser James M.
Published: April 2017

Streptococcus pyogenes
is a major human pathogen causing more than 700 million infections annually. As a successful pathogen,
S. pyogenes
produces many virulence factors that facilitate colonization, proliferation, dissemination, and tissue damage. Serum opacity factor (SOF), an extracellular protein, is one of the virulence factors made by
S. pyogenes
. The underlying mechanism of how SOF contributes to virulence is not fully understood. SOF has two major features: (i) it opacifies host serum by interacting with high-density lipoprotein, and (ii) it inhibits beta-hemolysis on blood agar. In this study, we demonstrate that the domain of SOF essential for opacifying serum is also essential for SOF-mediated beta-hemolysis inhibition and SOF-mediated virulence. Our results shed new light on the molecular mechanisms of SOF-host interaction.
BOARD CHARACTERISTICS AND THE LIKELIHOOD OF BUSINESS MODEL INNOVATION ADOPTION: EVIDENCE FROM THE SMART HOME INDUSTRY
Authors: ABEBE MICHAEL , MYINT PHYU PHYU AUNG
Published: April 2017

What role does the board of directors play in fostering organisational innovation? This study contributes to this conversation by exploring the relationship between board characteristics and business model innovation adoption. Drawing from resource dependence theory and using the smart home business model as our context, we examined the relationship among board size, CEO duality and proportion of outside directors on the likelihood of business model innovation adoption. Our analysis of 96 firms indicates that both board size and CEO duality significantly increase the likelihood of business model innovation adoption. Our findings highlight the important resource provision role boards play in promoting organisational innovation.
The Case of Civic Society Organization: Citizens’ Engagement into Responsible Research and Innovation Actions Through the Social Media
Authors: Mazaj Jelena
Published: April 2017

In this paper, we emphasize where socio-economic organizations such as CESIE in Italy, form the platform to advance citizens’ activities to reshape the power structure in nations, focusing on social and online media as the basic tool to create such influential activities that impact research and innovation, where particular examples are presented.
Long-Term Anatomical and Functional Outcomes in Patients with Ischemic Central Retinal Vein Occlusion Treated with Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Agents
Authors: Chatziralli Irini , Theodossiadis George , Parikakis Efstratios , Mitropoulos Panagiotis G. , Theodossiadis Panagiotis
Published: April 2017

Purpose: To evaluate the anatomical and functional outcomes in patients with ischemic central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) treated with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents. Methods: This retrospective study included 15 treatment-naive patients with ischemic CRVO and macular edema who were treated with intravitreal ranibizumab or aflibercept. The main outcomes were the evolution of retinal ischemia over time, as well as the change in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and in central subfield thickness (CST) at month 24. Results: At month 24, patients with ischemic CRVO gained +7.8 letters compared to baseline, while there was a significant decrease in CST by 243.7 μm. At baseline, ischemia was located mainly at the peripheral retina, while 6.6% of patients presented macular ischemia. At month 24, 20% of patients had macular ischemia, which was found to be negatively correlated with BCVA. The patients with macular ischemia had very poor final visual outcome and were advised to discontinue treatment. Conclusions: Our study showed that anti-VEGF treatment was effective in patients with ischemic CRVO, since it reduces macular edema and maintains or improves VA in the long term (24-month follow-up). It is worthy of note that in a small proportion of patients (13.3%) peripheral ischemia progressed to macular ischemia over time. In cases where macular ischemia is present, anti-VEGF treatment does not seem to offer any improvement in VA.
The Beasts of Wisdom: Ecological Hermeneutics of the Wild
Authors: Walsh Carey
Published: April 2017

The role of beasts in the Hebrew Bible’s wisdom literature differs from that in the Torah and Prophets. Rather than the often-plural and domesticated animals of the latter, wild animals represented in the singular and with greater diversity characterize the wisdom material. Wild animals in the Torah and Prophets typically signify potential danger outside the inhabited domain or divine wrath and punishment. In wisdom literature, however, they become sources for human guidance (Job 5:22). In Proverbs, they are enlisted to address a lack in human understanding. But in later wisdom texts, the use of animals to illustrate beneficial behaviors gives way to a more radical theme, that of human incomprehension of the world. The otherness of animal presence is deconstructive of wisdom and human knowledge more generally. In biblical wisdom, beastly, silent faces expose the limits of human comprehension.
The Black Jesus, the Mestizo Jesus, and the Historical Jesus
Authors: Park Wongi
Published: April 2017

This paper identifies a modern racial ideology prevalent not only in U.S. society and culture at large, but also one to which historical Jesus studies is susceptible: the ideology of white invisibility. In fact, so pervasive is this ideology that it can be detected even in the most constructive efforts to diversify contemporary biblical scholarship. My point of departure for this critique is an important essay published in Biblical Interpretation by Jeffrey Siker: “Historicizing a Racialized Jesus: Case Studies in the ‘Black Christ,’ the ‘Mestizo Christ,’ and White Critique” (2007). My aim is to show how the logic of white invisibility functions implicitly in the locations and relations of the four Jesuses invoked by Siker’s essay – namely, the black, mestizo, white, and historical Jesuses. Although I am critical of Siker’s analysis, my ultimate aim, like his, is to move the conversation forward in a constructive manner. Indeed, I have chosen to engage his essay because I believe it is a valuable contribution that helpfully frames the thorny problematic of competing representations of the white, black, brown, red, and yellow Jesuses. Iden­tifying the strengths and limitations of Siker’s analysis, then, not only renders visible the ideology of white invisibility, but also points to ways of moving beyond the impasse of competing representations.
Chimneys of the fiddler crab Uca rosea (Tweedie, 1937) reduce the risk of losing burrows to intruders
Authors: Tina Fahmida Wazed , Jaroensutasinee Mullica , Boonsanit Phurich , Jaroensutasinee Krisanadej
Published: April 2017

In this study we determined the benefits of building chimneys in Uca rosea (Tweedie, 1937). We predicted that (1) burrows with chimneys (i.e., “chimneys”) would decrease intruder intrusion rates relative to burrows without chimneys (i.e., “burrows”), (2) intruders would take longer to locate and enter chimneys than burrows, (3) chimney owners would rebuild their chimneys the next day, and (4) females would build higher chimneys than males. We observed that intruders entered burrows more often than chimneys, and took longer time to locate and enter chimneys than burrows. More than 60% of the chimney owners rebuilt chimneys the following day. Crab carapace width was positively correlated with burrow diameter, and chimney diameter, height and width. Females built higher chimneys than males. This study shows that chimneys provide benefits to both sexes by reducing intruder intrusion rates, and by prolonging the intrusion time in burrows, especially in those built by females.
“Better Not to Know?”: Justifiable Limits on the Right to Information in the Realm of dtc Genetic Testing. An Analysis of the European and Spanish Legal Framework
Authors: Martínez Otero Juan María
Published: April 2017

The rapid advance of genetics increases the availability in the market of different genetic tests, which can be acquired directly by consumers without the intermediation of a healthcare professional. Both the European and the Spanish legal framework have restricted the access to these direct-to-consumer (dtc) genetic tests on the grounds of different reasons, such as the protection of consumers or the preservation of public health. The present article discusses these legal restrictions under the light of the right to information.
The monophyly of the Glaurocarini (Diptera: Tachinidae: Tachininae) with the description of a new species of Semisuturia from Australia
Authors: Inclán Diego J. , O’Hara James E. , Stireman III John O. , Shima Hiroshi , Pohjoismäki Jaakko , Giudice Giuseppe Lo , Cerretti Pierfilippo
Published: April 2017

The Glaurocarini are a small Old World tribe of tachinids belonging to the subfamily Tachininae. Two genera are currently recognized, Glaurocara Thomson with 16 species and Semisuturia Malloch with eight species. In this study we describe Semisuturia moffattensis Inclán, O’Hara, Stireman & Cerretti sp. n. from Queensland and New South Wales and compare it with congeners as well as other glaurocarines. The new species is readily identifiable among world glaurocarines by having a row of setae on lower 2/3 of facial ridge. We further evaluate the monophyly of the Glaurocarini on the basis of morphological characters of both adult and larval stages. A molecular phylogenetic analysis also supports monophyly of the tribe but does not support a close relationship between Glaurocarini and Ormiini as has been suggested previously. Finally, we provide new morphological evidence from both adults and first instar larvae to support the monophyly of both Semisuturia and Glaurocara.
After the Pipelines: Energy and the Flow of War in the Persian Gulf
Authors: Jones Toby Craig
Published: April 2017

Ensuring the flow of oil and providing security for oil producers like Saudi Arabia has long been central to American interests in the Persian Gulf. The security-for-oil argument is a formulation that obscures more than it reveals, however. The division of energy and security misses the important ways in which the two have become physically and technologically built into one another over the last three decades. While Washington leaders and oil company officials sought to secure strategic and energy interests in the Middle East throughout much of the twentieth century, the period of the 1980s and the decision by the United States to intervene directly in the closing stages of the Iran-Iraq war marked a new era in which energy and conflict have become permanently entangled.
Pipeline Politics in Iran: Power and Property, Dispossession and Distribution
Authors: Ehsani Kaveh
Published: April 2017

This essay presents three snapshots of the historical politics of pipelines (oil, natural gas, and water) in Iran since the turn of the twentieth century in order to juxtapose the variegated power struggles around seemingly similar pieces of materials transport technology. Pipelines are not merely technological infrastructure; they transform social and spatial relations by altering land use, property relations, and patterns of work and consumption. The social history of pipelines is a paradoxical tale of the dispossession of local communities and their often coercive integration into wider national and global political economies. By connecting distant locales, pipelines allow the geography of one terminal point to be framed as a viable source of resource extraction and the other as the site of consumption, regardless of existing conditions. The reliability of this spatial connection between the terminals requires relentless and consistent maintenance, surveillance, and security along the route. Thus, whether pipelines traverse international borders or stay within national territories, they end up imposing the absolute sovereignty of a unified legal regime along the entire route. The nature of the politics of pipelines depends on whether this imposition is negotiated and participatory or coercive and exclusionary.
Chivalry, Commerce, and Generosity: Godwin on Economic Equality
Authors: Weston Rowland
Published: April 2017

Burke's outrage at the revolutionary insult dealt to Marie Antoinette is one of the better-known pieces of the British pamphlet war that erupted in the wake of the French Revolution. What is less well known today is that William Godwin's anarchist magnum opus, Enquiry Concerning Political Justice (1793, 1796, 1798), was conceived as a direct answer to Burke and that it was generally considered the best of the many ripostes Burke's conservative manifesto attracted. While Godwin's antipathy to all government is common knowledge, much less attention has been paid to his economic thought. In engaging a series of generically diverse texts roughly contemporaneous with the third edition of Political Justice, this essay makes a case for Godwin's consistent and vehement objection to private property and economic inequality. Godwin's views on this topic are shown to emerge from his engagement with a variety of eighteenth-century discourses, all invested, in varying ways, in the age's dominant historiographical trope celebrating extant commercial society as the apogee of social development.
Multi-scale functional and taxonomic β-diversity of the macroinvertebrate communities in a Mediterranean coastal lagoon
Authors: CABANA D. , NICOLAIDOU A. , SIGALA K. , REIZOPOULOU S.
Published: April 2017

Benthic macroinvertebrate communities form the basis of the intricate lagoonal food web. Understanding their functional and taxonomic response, from a β-diversity perspective, is essential to disclose underlying patterns with potential applicability in conservation and management actions. Within the central lagoon of Messolonghi we studied the main environmental components structuring the macroinvertebrate community. We analyzed the β-taxonomic and β-functional diversity across the main habitats and seasons, over a year time frame. Our results outline habitat type and vegetation biomass as the major factors structuring the communities. We found environmental variability to have a positive correlation with functional β-diversity, however no correlation was found with taxonomic β-diversity. Across the seasons an asynchronous response of the functional and taxonomic β-diversity was identified. The taxonomic composition displayed significant heterogeneity during the driest period and the functional during the rainy season. Across the habitats the unvegetated presented higher taxonomic homogeneity and functionally heterogeneity, contrary the vegetated habitats present higher taxonomic variability and functional homogeneity. Across the seasons and habitats a pattern of functional redundancy and taxonomic replacement was identified. Besides high functional turnover versus low taxonomic turnover was documented in an anthropogenic organically enriched habitat We conclude that habitats display independent functional and taxonomic seasonal patterns, thus different processes may contribute to their variability. The framework presented here highlights the importance of studying both β-diversity components framed in a multiscale approach to better understand ecological processes and variability patterns. These results are important to understand macroinvertebrate community assembly processes and are valuable for conservation purposes.
Spatial models to support the management of coastal marine ecosystems: a short review of the best practices in Liguria, Italy
Authors: VACCHI M. , MONTEFALCONE M. , PARRAVICINI V. , ROVERE A. , VASSALLO P. , FERRARI M. , MORRI C. , BIANCHI C. N.
Published: April 2017

Spatial modelling is an emerging approach to the management of coastal marine habitats, as it helps understanding and predicting the results of global change. This paper reviews critically two recent examples developed in Liguria, an administrative region of NW Italy. The first example, aiming at predicting habitat status depending on pressures, provides managers with the opportunity of envisaging different scenarios for the consequences of coastal development choices. The second example defines the status of an important Mediterranean coastal marine habitat (Posidonia oceanica meadows) under natural conditions, allowing for quantifying human impacts on regressed meadows. Both modelling approaches are useful to define the targets of coastal management, and may help choosing the best management option. Well-planned and sustained monitoring is essential to model validation and improvement.
Wound bed preparation: employing the TIME acronym
Authors: Chamanga Edwin
Published: April 2017

Creating a stable wound bed is an essential part of the healing process, writes Edwin Chamanga
Meritorik und Transaktionskosten: Ökonomische Argumente für eine Förderung des ökologischen LandbausMerit goods and transaction costs: Economic arguments for policy support of organic farming
Authors: Mann Stefan
Published: April 2017

In response to conventional agricultural economists, who criticize state-subsidized organic farming by arguing that ecological benefits can be attained more efficiently, this paper presents two new arguments for policy support of organic farming. First, it presents the widely-held positive opinion of organic products and the apparent contradiction that few people are willing to buy them. Along with the calls for support of organic farming, this makes organic food a so-called individualistic merit good. Secondly, it is argued that supporting organic farming is worthwhile because it is a broadly recognized agricultural production system and it is environmentally friendly - suggesting, in the end, reduced transaction costs.
The Upper Campanian – lower Maastrichtian cephalopod fauna of Botellos, Nuevo León: a key to understand faunal turnover across the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary in NE Mexico
Authors: Ifrim Christina , De La Cerda Jacobo Edgar Lara , Peña Ponce Victor Hugo , Stinnesbeck Wolfgang
Published: April 2017

A new cephalopod collection from the Campanian-Maastrichtian boundary interval of NE Mexico, consisting of 1076 individuals assigned to 29 species and 22 genera is presented. This collection is a mix of ammonoids, one coleoid and one nautilid, which originate from at least three ammonoid biozones: The upper Campanian Exiteloceras jenneyi and Nostoceras (Nostoceras) hyatti zones, and the lower Maastrichtian Pachydiscus (Pachydiscus) neubergicus Zone. The age of the collection is thus middle late Campanian to late early Maastrichtian, and it closes a stratigraphic gap between faunas described formerly from this region. The specimens are nuclei collected from the desert pavement. The abundance of specimens allows for a comparison to other Campanian-Maastrichtian ammonoid records from Mexico, North America and Europe.
Case Report. Practical Advantages of CBCT in the Surgical Treatment of Impacted Lower Third Molar
Authors: Ormenișan Alina , Iacob Alina , Szava Daniel , Bogozi Balint , Coșarcă Adina
Published: April 2017

Introduction: The imaging method of cone beam is an improved, extremely accurate computed tomography applicable in the whole field of dentistry. Due to its ability to locate the exact position of the impacted teeth, CBCT software has an important role in the management of difficult cases of impacted third molar. In some situations, the lower third molar is quite near to the inferior alveolar nerve that the surgical extraction can present a high risk of post-operative sensitive impairs of the skin and mucosa of the lower lip and chin on the same side. Presentation of case series: Our study tried to assess the contribution of CBCT in the pre-operative evaluation and further treatment of patients with impacted third molars in mandibular bone with high risk of inferior alveolar nerve injury. The paper presents three clinical cases showing positive signs on standard OPG, which exhibit indicators of a potential contact between the inferior alveolar nerve and the impacted lower third molars. For an improved exploration Dental CT Scan, DICOM image acquisition program, and 3D reconstruction with a special software were used. Conclusions: The study showed that compared with panoramic radiography, CBCT improve the evaluation of the surgical risk and allow a more accurate planning of surgery.
New records to the flora of Uzbekistan (Middle Asia)
Authors: Тojibaev Кomiljon S. , Beshko Natalia Yu. , Turginov Orzimat T. , Karimov Farkhod I. , Batashov Avazbek , Usmanov Mansur , Nobis Marcin
Published: April 2017

The Republic of Uzbekistan is a Central Asian country with rich native flora. The territory belongs to the Irano-Turanian region in the Ancient Mediterranean floristic subkingdom of Holarctic. The flora of Uzbekistan accounts over 4300 species of vascular plants including large numbers of endemic species, but the check-list is still incomplete. Presented here ten new records to the flora of Uzbekistan, were found during the field studies and examination of herbarium collections preserved at TASH.
Athletes′ criticism of coaching behavior: Differences among gender, and type of sport
Authors: Bebetsos Evangelos , Filippou Filippos , Bebetsos George
Published: April 2017

Most athletes are subject to intense mental and physical pressure not only during competition but also during practice. An important variable which may influence athletes′ performance is coaching behavior. The aim of the present study is to investigate if coaching behavior and its antecedents differentiate athletes according to their gender, type of sport, competition experience and weekly practice-time. The sample consisted of 367 male and female athletes who participated in both individual and team sports. They completed the Greek version of the “Coaching Behavior Questionnaire” (CBQ). Results indicated that coaching behavior differentiated athletes of individual sports, and athletes of team sports and experienced women with experienced men. Furthermore, coaches’ behavior contributed to the differentiation on athletes who practice more than those who practice less. In conclusion, these results could help athletes, coaches and sport professionals become more familiar with psychological aspects that influence athletes′ behavior.
Police interpreting: The facts sheet
Authors: Gamal Muhammad Y
Published: April 2017

Interpreting for the police is the backbone of legal interpreting. Yet it is grossly overshadowed by the more visible and more public court interpreting. This paper describes the setting of police interpreting, highlighting some of the major issues and challenges in the field that place a lot more than linguistic pressure on the interpreter. It examines the task of interpreters working within the Australian police setting and casts light on three prevailing practices that tend to challenge the interpreter. The practices relate to the selection, briefing, and training of interpreters working for law enforcement investigations. The paper argues that the current training, instructions, and perception of the role of the police interpreter are inadequate. It further argues that for police interpreting to become professional, formal training in the context of police investigations and pre-committal proceedings is required.
Zukunft zeichnen
Authors: Kleeberg-Niepage Andrea
Published: April 2017

Von Kindern und Jugendlichen angefertigte Zeichnungen sind in der sozialwissenschaftlichen Forschung trotz deren Hinwendung zum Medium Bild bislang keine zentrale Datensorte. Dabei können sie vor allem in der Forschung mit kleinen Kindern und besonders auch in der kulturvergleichenden Forschung Probleme vermeiden, die bei stärker sprach- bzw. textbasierten Erhebungsmethoden aufgrund von Verständnis- bzw. Verständigungsschwierigkeiten entstehen. Zugleich bringen Zeichnungen als Daten neue Herausforderungen mit sich. Am Beispiel von Material aus einem kulturvergleichenden Forschungsprojekt zu den Zukunftsvorstellungen von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Ghana und Deutschland werden in diesem Beitrag die Spezifik der Datensorte Zeichnung und deren Potential besonders für die kulturvergleichende Kindheits-und Jugendforschung diskutiert.
Personality traits and perception of Müller-Lyer illusion in male Chinese military soldiers and university students
Authors: Zhang Yingchun , Liu Jing , Wang Yongli , Huang Jingyi , Wei Lili , Zhang Bingren , Wang Wei , Chen Wei
Published: April 2017

Background

In military men, performance such as gun-shooting precision relies on factors such as the ability to resist visual illusion, and this misperception of visual stimulus might be linked with sensation seeking related personality.

Methods

We have invited 103 male military men and 104 age-matched university male students to undergo the experiment of the Brentano version of the Müller-Lyer illusion and the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ) tests.

Results

The military men scored significantly lower than students did on the ZKPQ Impulsive Sensation Seeking test but higher on Aggression-Hostility and Sociality test, and displayed less misperception magnitude to the illusion. The Impulsive Sensation Seeking, Neuroticism-Anxiety and Aggression-Hostility traits in military men, and the Activity in students were respectively correlated with the misperception magnitudes of the illusion in different manners.

Conclusion

Limited results in our study have indicated that the military men had pronounced personality traits which were correlated with the misperception magnitude of the Müller-Lyer illusion.
Вміст важких металів у шерсті корів північно-східної біогеохімічної зони
Authors: Grushanska N.G.
Published: April 2017

The anthropogenic pollution of the environment in most cases connected with trace elements of heavy metals group. The effect of negative technogenic factors of the environment by interaction with the natural deficiency of essential microelements contributes to the appearing and spread of pathology of mineral metabolism among farm animals. The application of noninvasive methods for diagnosis of diseases of farm animals is a promising direction in veterinary medicine. The question of impact of the northern-eastern biogeochemical zone of Ukraine on the content of heavy metals in cows hair with consideration of lactation, keeping technology and colour hair samples is not researched enough. The research was conducted in the three farms of Chernihiv region (northern-eastern biogeochemical zone). The content of heavy metals was investigated by atomic emission spectrometry using Optima 210 DV. The materials the author’s own research to determine the status of the cow organism by noninvasive method in the northeastern biochemical zone of Ukraine concerning the content of heavy metals in different periods of lactation, keeping technology are introduced in the work. The content of Cadmium, Plumbum, Aluminum and Arsene in the hair of cows northeastern biogeochemical zone of Ukraine depending on the colour samples of hair (black, brown, white), keeping technology (loose, stable-pasture, stable) and period of lactation (55–65 days, 150–170 days) are investigated. The concentration of heavy metals in the hair of cows of the northeastern biogeochemical zone of Ukraine are: Cadmium – 0.03 ± 0.004 mg/kg, Plumbum – 0.70 ± 0.11 mg/kg, Aluminum – 16.78 ± 4.02 mg/kg, Arsene – 0.21 ± 0.05 mg/kg. In the hair of cows of the northeastern zone in 55–65 days of lactation the content of Cadmium is 0.04 ± 0.01 mg/kg, Plumbum – 0.83 ± 0.31 mg / kg, Aluminum – 15.79 ± 3.83 mg/kg, Arsene – 0.30 ± 0.14 mg/kg. In 150–170 days of lactation period the content of Cadmium is 0.04 ± 0.005 mg/kg, Plumbum – 1.25 ± 0.35 mg/kg, Aluminum – 22.34 ± 14.21 mg/kg and Arsene – 0.25 ± 0.07 mg/kg.
O Federalismo como Experiência: Campos Sales e as Tentativas de Estabilização da República
Authors: Viscardi Cláudia Maria R.
Published: April 2017

RESUMO O artigo propõe uma interpretação alternativa à política dos estados, estabelecida por Campos Sales quando esteve à frente da Presidência da República brasileira. A partir da análise da dinâmica do processo de verificação de poderes, das leis eleitorais e das memórias construídas sobre o processo, procuramos comprovar que o impacto da reforma limitou-se ao seu quatriênio (1898-1902), o que induz à revisão de uma tese bastante consolidada, acerca do estado oligárquico na Primeira República, qual seja, a de que a política por ele proposta e implantada tenha sido responsável pela estabilização dos conflitos políticos que opunham o Executivo ao Parlamento. Deste modo, defende-se a hipótese de que os conflitos antes existentes permaneceram e que as mudanças regimentais propostas tenham tido pouco impacto sobre a estabilização dos mesmos.
NUTRITIONAL DIAGNOSIS IN HYBRID COCONUT CULTIVATED IN NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL THROUGH DIAGNOSIS AND RECOMMENDATION INTEGRATED SYSTEM (DRIS)
Authors: SALDANHA EDUARDO CÉZAR MEDEIROS , SILVA JUNIOR MÁRIO LOPES DA , LINS PAULO MANOEL PONTES , FARIAS SAMUEL CHRISTIAN COHEN , WADT PAULO GLULHERME SALVADOR
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT The assessment of the nutritional status of plants by leaf diagnosis such as the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) has stood out among traditional methods of interpreting the results of plant tissue analysis. For coconut, nutritional monitoring through foliar analysis has been pointed as an efficient method for fertilizer recommendation, and the results have been traditionally interpreted using the critical level of sufficiency ranges criteria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status and establish nutritional standards for the cultivation of hybrid coconut in the municipality of Moju, Pará, using DRIS. The leaf analysis and productivity results of 134 observations for the period 2001-2011 were used to form the database. The most common deficiencies found were lack of K, and possibly excess of Mg. The order of nutrient limitation was K> P> Ca> Fe> N> O> B> Zn> Cu> Mn> Mg. Ca, Fe and K nutrients are more likely to positively respond to fertilization, since Mg, Cu and Mn were diagnosed as having the greatest likelihood of negative response to fertilization. It was also found that N and P are elements that are in the best nutritional balance condition. Regression equations for the relationship between nutrient content in hybrid coconut leaves and its DRIS indexes were adjusted, which allowed establishing nutrient reference values based on DRIS.
ROOTSTOCK-SCION INTERACTION: 1. EFFECT ON THE YIELD COMPONENTS OF CABERNET SAUVIGNON GRAPEVINE
Authors: MIELE ALBERTO , RIZZON LUIZ ANTENOR
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT The interaction between rootstock, scion and environment can induce different responses to the grapevine physiology. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the rootstock effect on the yield components of Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) grapevine grown in the Serra Gaúcha viticultural region. The experimental design was completely randomized blocks, with 15 treatments, three replicates and ten vines per plot. The results show that all variables evaluated were significantly affected by the year and the rootstock. The CS/Solferino was among other combinations influenced by the year and had higher significant yield/ vine. Indeed, it was higher than that CS/Rupestris du Lot, CS/101-14 Mgt., CS/3309 C, CS/5BB K, CS/161- 49 C, CS/1103 P. and CS/Isabel. The number of clusters/bud, per burst bud and per vine and the weight of clusters were affected by the rootstock as well. Pruning weight/vine, yield/pruning weight, leaf area/vine, leaf area index and leaf area/fresh fruit weight are variables related to the physiology of grapevine which were also affected by the rootstock. In general, rootstocks had adapted well to the environment where the experiment was carried out, giving vigor and high yield to Cabernet Sauvignon grapevine, which means that they may be used by grape growers in this region. However, the choice of the right rootstock depends on various aspects, such as those related to the soil characteristics, climate conditions, grape varieties, and even clones, and production purposes.
Desigualdades regionais na saúde: mudanças observadas no Brasil de 2000 a 2016
Authors: Albuquerque Mariana Vercesi de , Viana Ana Luiza d’Ávila , Lima Luciana Dias de , Ferreira Maria Paula , Fusaro Edgard Rodrigues , Iozzi Fabíola Lana
Published: April 2017

Resumo Avanços na redução da pobreza e das desigualdades nos anos 2000 tiveram efeito paradoxal sobre o território brasileiro. O artigo tem como objetivo analisar como transformações socioeconômicas, de oferta e complexidade de serviços de saúde se expressam nas regiões constituídas para fins de planejamento e gestão intergovernamental do Sistema Único de Saúde. Para isso, procurou-se identificar e explicar diferenciações nas composições das 438 regiões de saúde existentes e sua distribuição espacial, comparando-se situações observadas em 2016 com aquelas encontradas em 2000. Técnicas de análise fatorial e de agrupamentos foram utilizadas para a construção de uma tipologia nos dois anos da série, com base em um conjunto diversificado de fontes de dados secundários. Verificou-se evolução dos níveis de renda e oferta de serviços entre as regiões de saúde, com expressiva melhora nas condições socioeconômicas da população. Os resultados sugerem impactos positivos da combinação de estratégias relacionadas à política social, econômica e regional para a promoção do desenvolvimento com geração de bem-estar de forma mais disseminada no território. Entretanto, permanecem limitações das políticas implementadas para a universalização do sistema de saúde.
O protagonismo dos Conselhos de Secretários Municipais no processo de governança regional
Authors: Shimizu Helena Eri , Cruz Mariana Sodário , Bretas Júnior Nilo , Schierholt Sergio Ricardo , Ramalho Walter Massa , Ramos Maíra Catharina , Mesquita Monique Santos , Silva Everton Nunes
Published: April 2017

Resumo O estudo tem como objetivo analisar a percepção dos gestores dos Conselho de Secretários Municipais (COSEMS) e as suas contribuições para o processo de regionalização em saúde. Foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade com os presidentes dos COSEMS dos Estados de Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraná, Ceará, Tocantins e Minas Gerais. Os dados analisados com o “software Iramuteq”, que gerou um dendograma com o primeiro eixo temático: o protagonismo dos COSEMS no processo de governança regional que contém a classe 1, a liderança do COSEMS no processo de regionalização, e a classe 3, a experiência estratégica do processo de pactuação regional. E o segundo eixo temático, os desafios para provisão da atenção à saúde nas regiões, composto pela classe 2, que aborda como atender as necessidades da comunidade, e pela classe 4, que demonstra o apoio local realizado pelas esquipes dos COSEMS. O terceiro eixo temático, composto pela classe 5, descreve os aspectos operacionais da provisão da atenção à saúde na região. No processo de regionalização, os COSEMS têm importante protagonismo, sobretudo porque possuem atuação orgânica e liderança. Trata-se, pois, de construção cotidiana que garante o avanço da governança colaborativa nas regiões de saúde.