bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ability to control directional lip‐closing force in skeletal class III patients
Authors: Maruyama Ayumi , Yamada Kazuhiro , Kageyama Toru , Naramoto Tatsuya , Fukasawa Kanako , Masuda Yuji
Published: July 2023

Background

The relationship between the maximum lip‐closing force (LCF) and malocclusion has long been studied. Recently, a method to measure the ability to control directional LCF from eight directions (upper, lower, right, left and the four directions in between) during lip pursing was established.

Objective

It is considered important to evaluate the ability to control directional LCF. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of skeletal class III patients to control directional LCF.

Methods

Fifteen skeletal class III patients (mandibular prognathism group) and 15 people with normal occlusion (normal occlusion group) were recruited. The maximum LCF and the accuracy rate (the ratio of the matched time in which the participant was able to keep the LCF in the target range over a total time of 6 s) were measured.

Results

The maximum LCF was not significantly different between the mandibular prognathism group and the normal occlusion group. The accuracy rate in the mandibular prognathism group was significantly lower in all six directions than that in the individual normal occlusion group.

Conclusion

As the accuracy rate in all six directions was significantly lower in the mandibular prognathism group than that in the normal occlusion group, occlusion and craniofacial morphology might influence lip function.
Exploring the factors affecting home dialysis patients' participation in telehealth‐assisted home visits: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Chu Ginger , Silva Carla , Adams Kelly , Chacko Bobby , Attia John , Nathan Nicole , Wilson Rhonda
Published: July 2023

Background

Technology, such as telehealth, is increasingly used to support home dialysis patients. The challenges patients and carers face when home dialysis nursing visits are provided via telehealth have yet to be explored.

Objectives

To explore patients' and carers' perspectives as they transition to telehealth‐assisted home visits and identify the factors influencing their engagement in this modality.

Design

A mixed‐methods approach, guideed by the behaviour change wheel using the capability, opportunity, motivation‐behaviour model to explore individual's perceptions of telehealth.

Partcipants

Home dialysis patients and their carers.

Measuruements

Suveys and qualitative interviews.

Methods

A mixed‐methods approach was undertaken, combining surveys and qualitative interviews. It was guided by the Behaviour Change Wheel using the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation‐ Behaviour model to explore individuals' perceptions of telehealth.

Results

Thirty‐four surveys and 21 interviews were completed. Of 34 survey participants, 24 (70%) preferred face‐to‐face home visits and 23 (68%) had previously engaged in telehealth. The main perceived barrier identified in the surveys was knowledge of telehealth, but participants believed there were opportunities for them to use telehealth. Interview results revealed that the convenience and flexibility of telehealth were perceived as the main advantages of telehealth. However, challenges such as the ability to conduct virtual assessments and to communicate effectively between clinicians and patients were identified. Patients from non‐English speaking backgrounds and those with disabilities were particularly vulnerable because of the many barriers they faced. These challenges may further entrench the negative view regarding technology, as discussed by interview participants.

Conclusion

This study suggested that a blended model combining telehealth and face‐to‐face services would allow patient choice and is important to facilitate equity of care, particularly for those patients who were unwilling or had difficulty adopting technology.
Inferred Social Expectations are Linked to Prosocial Effort in Teamwork in Japan but not in the United States1
Authors: Gherghel Claudia
Published: July 2023

Unlike in Western cultures, where meeting others' expectations is considered incompatible with individual agency, social expectations tend to be internalized and congruent with the self in Eastern cultures, where meeting others' expectations has been shown to promote effort and satisfaction. However, considering cross‐cultural differences in mind‐reading, research has yet to clarify whether directly expressing social expectation has the same effects as inferring social expectation from others' messages. With the aim of disentangling the effects of expressed and inferred social expectation on prosocial behavior, two online studies employing teamwork scenarios, in which participants (donors) had the opportunity to help other people (targets) by putting effort into a common task (prosocial effort), were conducted in Japan and the United States. The strength of expressed social expectation was manipulated within subjects in Study 1 (N = 439) and between subjects in Study 2 (N = 560). The effect of expressed social expectation did not differ by culture, but inferred social expectation positively predicted prosocial effort only in Japan. The findings hint at the importance of mind‐reading and subjective perceptions of others' needs in Japan.
Crypto quanto and inverse options
Authors: Alexander Carol , Chen Ding , Imeraj Arben
Published: July 2023

Over 90% of exchange trading on crypto options has always been on the Deribit platform. This centralized crypto exchange only lists inverse products because they do not accept fiat currency. Likewise, other major crypto options platforms only list crypto–stablecoin trading pairs in so‐called direct options, which are similar to the standard crypto options listed by the CME except the US dollar is replaced by a stablecoin version. Until now a clear mathematical exposition of these products has been lacking. We discuss the sources of market incompleteness in direct and inverse options and compare their pricing and hedging characteristics. Then we discuss the useful applications of currency protected “quanto” direct and inverse options for fiat‐based traders and describe their pricing and hedging characteristics, all in the Black–Scholes setting.
Barred olivine chondrules in ordinary chondrites: Constraints on chondrule formation
Authors: Rubin Alan E. , Dunn Tasha L. , Garner Kyla , Cecchi Malena , Hernandez Mitchell
Published: July 2023

In general, barred olivine (BO) chondrules formed from completely melted precursors. Among BO chondrules in unequilibrated ordinary chondrites, there are significant positive correlations among chondrule diameter, bar thickness, and rim thickness. In the nebula, smaller BO precursor droplets cooled faster than larger droplets (due to their higher surface area/volume ratios) and grew thinner bars and rims. There is a bimodal distribution in the olivine FeO content in BO chondrules, with a hiatus between 11 and 19 wt% FeO. The ratio of (FeO rich)/(FeO poor) BO chondrules decreases from 12.0 in H to 1.6 in L to 1.3 in LL. This is the opposite of the case for porphyritic chondrules: the mean (FeO rich)/(FeO poor) modal ratio increases from 0.8 in H to 1.8 in L to 2.8 in LL. During H chondrite agglomeration, most precursor dustballs were small with low bulk FeO/(FeO + MgO) ratios and moderately high melting temperatures. The energy available for chondrule melting from flash heating was relatively low, capable of completely melting many ferroan dusty precursors (to form FeO‐rich BO chondrules), but incapable of completely melting many magnesian dusty precursors (to form FeO‐poor BO chondrules). When L and LL chondrites agglomerated somewhat later, significant proportions of precursor dustballs were relatively large and had moderately high bulk FeO/(FeO + MgO) ratios. The energy available from flash heating was higher, capable of completely melting higher proportions of magnesian dusty precursors to form FeO‐poor BO chondrules. These differences may have resulted from an increase in the amplitude of lightning discharges in the nebula caused by enhanced charge separation.
A combination of machine‐learning and eDNA reveals the genetic signature of environmental change at the landscape levels
Authors: Keck François , Brantschen Jeanine , Altermatt Florian
Published: July 2023

The current advances of environmental DNA (eDNA) bring profound changes to ecological monitoring and provide unique insights on the biological diversity of ecosystems. The very nature of eDNA data is challenging yet also revolutionizing how biological monitoring information is analysed. In particular, new metrics and approaches should take full advantage of the extent and detail of molecular data produced by genetic methods. In this perspective, machine learning algorithms are particularly promising as they can capture complex relationships between the multiple environmental pressures and the diversity of biological communities. We investigated the potential of a new generation of biomonitoring tools that implement machine‐learning techniques to fully exploit eDNA datasets. We trained a machine learning model to discriminate between reference and impacted communities of freshwater macroinvertebrates and assessed its performances using a large eDNA dataset collected at 64 standard federal monitoring sites across Switzerland. We show that a model trained on eDNA is significantly better than a naive model and performs similarly to a model trained on traditional data. Our proof‐of‐concept shows that such a combination of eDNA and machine learning approaches has the potential to complement or even replace traditional environmental monitoring, and could be scaled along temporal or spatial dimensions.
Nikkomycin Z for the treatment of experimental sporotrichosis caused bySporothrix brasiliensis
Authors: Poester Vanice Rodrigues , Munhoz Lívia Silveira , Stevens David A. , Melo Aryse Martins , Trápaga Mariana Rodrigues , Flores Mariana Martins , Larwood David J. , Xavier Melissa Orzechowski
Published: July 2023

Sporotrichosis caused bySporothrix brasiliensisis a global emergent infectious disease. Due to the scarcity of therapeutic options for fungal diseases, new antifungals are urgently needed. Nikkomycin Z (NikZ) is a future option as an agent against dimorphic fungi. We evaluated NikZ monotherapy and in combination with itraconazole (ITZ; the conventional therapy) in the treatment of experimental sporotrichosis caused byS. brasiliensisin a murine model. Animals were subcutaneously infected, and treated orally for 30 days. The study groups were as follows control (untreated), ITZ group (50 mg/kg/day), and three groups treated with NikZ, two by monotherapy (200 or 400 mg/kg/day), and one combining NikZ (400 mg/kg/day) and ITZ. Efficacy of treatments was evaluated via body weight gain, mortality and fungal burden in tissues. Efficacy was noted in all treatment groups, and the group receiving the drug combination showed even better results than those with monotherapy. Our study shows for the first time the high potential of NikZ to be used in the treatment of sporotrichosis caused byS. brasiliensis.
Tale of cAMP as a second messenger in auxin signaling and beyond
Authors: Qi Linlin , Friml Jiří
Published: July 2023

The 3′,5′‐cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a versatile second messenger in many mammalian signaling pathways. However, its role in plants remains not well‐recognized. Recent discovery of adenylate cyclase (AC) activity for transport inhibitor response 1/auxin‐signaling F‐box proteins (TIR1/AFB) auxin receptors and the demonstration of its importance for canonical auxin signaling put plant cAMP research back into spotlight. This insight briefly summarizes the well‐established cAMP signaling pathways in mammalian cells and describes the turbulent and controversial history of plant cAMP research highlighting the major progress and the unresolved points. We also briefly review the current paradigm of auxin signaling to provide a background for the discussion on the AC activity of TIR1/AFB auxin receptors and its potential role in transcriptional auxin signaling as well as impact of these discoveries on plant cAMP research in general.
ALMT‐independent guard cell R‐type anion currents
Authors: Jaślan Justyna , Marten Irene , Jakobson Liina , Arjus Triinu , Deeken Rosalia , Sarmiento Cecilia , De Angeli Alexis , Brosché Mikael , Kollist Hannes , Hedrich Rainer
Published: July 2023

Plant transpiration is controlled by stomata, with S‐ and R‐type anion channels playing key roles in guard cell action. Arabidopsis mutants lacking the ALMT12/QUAC1 R‐type anion channel function in guard cells show only a partial reduction in R‐type channel currents. The molecular nature of these remaining R‐type anion currents is still unclear.

To further elucidate this, patch clamp, transcript and gas‐exchange measurements were performed with wild‐type (WT) and different almt mutant plants.

The R‐type current fraction in the almt12 mutant exhibited the same voltage dependence, susceptibility to ATP block and lacked a chloride permeability as the WT. Therefore, we asked whether the R‐type anion currents in the ALMT12/QUAC1‐free mutant are caused by additional ALMT isoforms. In WT guard cells, ALMT12, ALMT13 and ALMT14 transcripts were detected, whereas only ALMT13 was found expressed in the almt12 mutant. Substantial R‐type anion currents still remained active in the almt12/13 and almt12/14 double mutants as well as the almt12/13/14 triple mutant. In good agreement, CO2‐triggered stomatal closure required the activity of ALMT12 but not ALMT13 or ALMT14.

The results suggest that, with the exception of ALMT12, channel species other than ALMTs carry the guard cell R‐type anion currents.
Thermography captures the differential sensitivity of dryland functional types to changes in rainfall event timing and magnitude
Authors: Javadian Mostafa , Scott Russell L. , Biederman Joel A. , Zhang Fangyue , Fisher Joshua B. , Reed Sasha C. , Potts Daniel L. , Villarreal Miguel L. , Feldman Andrew F. , Smith William K.
Published: July 2023

Drylands of the southwestern United States are rapidly warming, and rainfall is becoming less frequent and more intense, with major yet poorly understood implications for ecosystem structure and function. Thermography‐based estimates of plant temperature can be integrated with air temperature to infer changes in plant physiology and response to climate change. However, very few studies have evaluated plant temperature dynamics at high spatiotemporal resolution in rainfall pulse‐driven dryland ecosystems.

We address this gap by incorporating high‐frequency thermal imaging into a field‐based precipitation manipulation experiment in a semi‐arid grassland to investigate the impacts of rainfall temporal repackaging.

All other factors held constant, we found that fewer/larger precipitation events led to cooler plant temperatures (1.4°C) compared to that of many/smaller precipitation events. Perennials, in particular, were 2.5°C cooler than annuals under the fewest/largest treatment.

We show these patterns were driven by: increased and consistent soil moisture availability in the deeper soil layers in the fewest/largest treatment; and deeper roots of perennials providing access to deeper plant available water. Our findings highlight the potential for high spatiotemporal resolution thermography to quantify the differential sensitivity of plant functional groups to soil water availability. Detecting these sensitivities is vital to understanding the ecohydrological implications of hydroclimate change.
Revisiting the Great Ratios Hypothesis*
Authors: Chudik Alexander , Pesaran M. Hashem , Smith Ron P.
Published: July 2023

Kaldor called the constancy of certain ratios stylized facts, Klein and Kosobud called them great ratios. While they often appear in theoretical models, the empirical literature finds little evidence for them, perhaps because the procedures used cannot deal with lack of co‐integration, two‐way causality, and cross‐country error dependence. We propose a new system pooled mean group estimator that can deal with these features. Monte Carlo results show it performs well compared with other estimators, and using it on a dataset over 150 years and 17 countries, we find support for five of the seven ratios considered.
How Stephen King writes and why: Language, immersion, emotion
Authors: Hye‐Knudsen Marc , Kristensen‐McLachlan Ross Deans , Clasen Mathias
Published: July 2023

Many successful novelists offer writing advice, but do they actually follow it themselves? And if so, can it truly account for the success of their novels? We dissect and examine three pieces of writing advice from Stephen King's bookOn Writing(2000).King counsels writers to (1) write in a simple language to aid readers' narrative immersion; (2) avoid‐lyadverbs, especially in dialogue attribution; and (3) avoid the passive voice. We examine these three pieces of advice both theoretically, reviewing them in light of what we know about how literature affects readers from such fields as literary linguistics and evolutionary literary studies, and empirically, using a computational linguistics approach to test whether King follows his own advice and whether it can explain his success as a novelist. We find that King's advice about simple language makes sense if an author's goal is to sell books while his advice against‐lyadverbs makes sense if the goal is instead literary recognition. For his advice against using the passive voice, we find no substantial theoretical or empirical basis.
Clinical Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Fragility Fractures of the Pelvis
Authors: Zhang Jianzheng , Zhang Licheng , Li Chunbao , Chai Wei , Zhang Lihai , Chen Hua , Zhang Wei , Hou Zhiyong , Chen Bin , Sun Tiansheng , Tang Peifu , Zhang Yingze
Published: July 2023

Background

Fragility fractures of the pelvis (FFPs) are osteoporotic pelvic fractures or insufficiency pelvic fractures caused by the low energy injury or stress fracture in daily livings in the elderly more than 60 years, which the incidence is increasing with the aging population in our country. FFPs result in considerable morbidity and mortality and as well as massive financial burden on the already strained health systems throughout the world.

Methods

This clinical guideline was initiated by the Trauma Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Orthopedic Association; the External Fixation and Limb Reconstruction Branch of Chinese Orthopedic Association; the National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation; Senior Department of Orthopedics of Chinese PLA general hospital; the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University. The grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) approach and the reporting items for practice guidelines in healthcare (RIGHT) checklist were adopted.

Results

22 evidence based recommendations were formulated based on 22 most concerned clinical problems among orthopedic surgeons in China.

Conclusion

Understanding these trends through this guideline will facilitate better clinical care of FFP patients by medical providers and better allocation of resources by policy makers.
An Exciting Performance of Established and Novel Biomarkers in Diagnosing Periprosthetic Joint Infections: A Single‐center Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Song Zhenyu , Huang Jincheng , Wang Qingkai , Wang Donghui , Feng Jiawei , Cao Qianqian , Chen Xiao , Gao Zongyan , Dai Zhipeng , Jin Yi
Published: July 2023

Objective

Significant progress has been made in recent years in the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infections (PJI). However, the lack of a gold standard test for the diagnosis of PJI remains a challenge.The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic values of the albumin/fibrinogen ratio (AFR), the C‐reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR), and the levels of fibrinogen (FIB) and albumin (ALB) in the diagnosis of PJI.

Methods

The medical records of 158 patients who had undergone hip or knee revisions from January 2018 to May 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Of these patients, 79 were diagnosed with PJI, while 79 were diagnosed with aseptic loosening (AL). PJI was defined using the Musculoskeletal Infection Society criteria. The plasma levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP), ALB, and FIB; the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR); and the AFR and CAR in the two groups were recorded and analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of each indicator; the diagnostic value for each indicator was calculated as the area under the curve (AUC).

Results

The ESR, CRP, FIB, and CAR values in the PJI group were significantly higher than those in the AL group, and the ALB and AFR values were significantly lower than those in the AL group (p < 0.001). The AUC values of AFR and fibrinogen were 0.851 and 0.848, respectively, which were slightly higher than those of CRP (0.826) and ESR (0.846). The AUC of CAR was 0.831 which was slightly lower than that of CRP (0.846). ALB had an AUC of 0.727. The optimal threshold, sensitivity, and specificity, respectively, were 10.05, 84.81%, and 82.28% for AFR; 4.03 μg/mL, 77.22%, and 86.08% for FIB; 0.23, 72.15%, and 82.28% for CAR; and 37.30 g/L, 65.82%, and 73.42% for ALB.

Conclusions

AFR, CAR, and FIB are good new auxiliary diagnostic indicators of PJI, while ALB is of fair value for the diagnosis of PJI.
An investigation of vascular anomalies centers' transition of care practices
Authors: Kinariwalla Neha , Scollan Margaret E. , Levin Laura E. , Fernandez Faith Esteban , Lee Margaret T. , Powell Julie , Baselga Eulàlia , Tollefson Megha M. , Lauren Christine T. , Morel Kimberly D. , Garzon Maria C.
Published: July 2023

This study aims to examine transition of care (TOC) practices of multidisciplinary vascular anomalies centers (VACs). Thirty‐seven of 71 VAC leaders to whom the survey was sent completed the questionnaire. TOC and transfer practices varied with only 16% of VACs having TOC programs. The most frequently cited barriers to developing a TOC program were lack of resources and difficulty finding expert adult providers.
Affiliation‐based hiring in startups and the origins of organizational diversity
Authors: Brymer Rhett Andrew , Rocha Vera
Published: July 2023

Multiple imperatives call for more diversity in organizations, yet we know surprisingly little about why some organizations become more diverse than others. We focus on the early stages of organizations—the composition of founding teams (FTs) and the evolution of subsequent hiring practices, namely the prominence of finding new employees via founders’ prior employer and educational affiliations. Drawing upon theories of entrepreneurial resource mobilization and attraction–selection–attrition (ASA), we argue that FTs with common professional ties imprint post‐founding hiring routines by making affiliation‐based hiring (ABH) a more prominent practice to select new personnel. We posit that, although ABH fades quickly after founding, using this hiring strategy in the early stages of an organization shapes its trajectory for diversity and contributes to workforce homogenization in several dimensions as new firms mature. Using a mixed‐methods approach combining large‐scale employer–employee linked data from Denmark and in‐depth surveys with founders from the US and UK, we find robust support for our theory and provide novel insights to the hiring processes in entrepreneurial firms. Our work advances our understanding of the enigmatic origins of within‐organization homogeneity progression and offers important contributions to both theory and practice.
Mechanistic photophysics of tellurium‐substituted cytosine: Electronic structure calculations and nonadiabatic dynamics simulations1
Authors: Chang Xue‐Ping , Wang Jie‐Lei , Peng Ling‐Ya , Cen Xu‐Jiang , Yin Bo‐Wen , Xie Bin‐Bin
Published: July 2023

Previously, the MS‐CASPT2 method was performed to study the static and qualitative photophysics of tellurium‐substituted cytosine (TeC). To get quantitative information, we used our recently developed QTMF‐FSSH dynamics method to simulate the excited‐state decay of TeC. The CASSCF method was adopted to reduce the calculation costs, which was confirmed to provide reliable structures and energies as those of MS‐CASPT2. A detailed structural analysis showed that only 5% trajectories will hop to the lower triplet or singlet state via the twisted (S2/S1/T2)T intersection, while 67% trajectories will choose the planar intersections of (S2/S1/T3/T2/T1)P and (S2/S1/T2/T1)P but subsequently become twisted in other electronic states. By contrast, ~28% trajectories will maintain in a plane throughout dynamics. Electronic population revealed that the S2 population will ultrafast transfer to the lower triplet or singlet state. Later, the TeC system will populate in the spin‐mixed electronic states composed of S1, T1 and T2. At the end of 300 fs, most trajectories (~74%) will decay to the ground state and only 17.4% will survive in the triplet states. Our dynamics simulation verified that tellurium substitution will enhance the intersystem crossings, but the very short triplet lifetime (ca. 125 fs) will make TeC a less effective photosensitizer.
The framework of parametric and nonparametric operational data analytics
Authors: Feng Qi , Shanthikumar J. George
Published: July 2023

This paper introduces the general philosophy of the Operational Data Analytics (ODA) framework for data‐based decision modeling. The fundamental development of this framework lies in establishing the direct mapping from data to decision by identifying the appropriate class of operational statistics. The efficient decision making relies on a careful balance between data integration and decision validation. Through a canonical decision making problem under uncertainty, we show that the existing approaches (including statistical estimation and then optimization, retrospective optimization, sample average approximation, regularization, robust optimization, and robust satisficing) can all be unified through the lens of the ODA formulation. To make the key concepts accessible, we demonstrate, using a simple running example, how some of the existing approaches may become equivalent under the ODA framework, and how the ODA solution can improve the decision efficiency, especially in the small sample regime.
Input material reduction incentives versus scrap recycling for closed‐loop supply chains
Authors: Aydinliyim Tolga , Çil Eren B. , Murthy Nagesh N.
Published: July 2023

Motivated by interactions with a major player in the aerospace industry, we consider the relationship between a supplier of specialty material forgings and a buyer that manufactures airplane components by extensively machining down these forgings as per component design specifications. Due to high material removal costs, the buyer prefers these forgings to be as similar in geometry and size to the component as possible, that is, near‐net‐shape. The supplier, by default, is unable to deliver such near‐net‐shape forgings as per technological constraints, but can utilize costly effort and/or invest in the required technologies to achieve such capabilities. By taking into account uncertainty regarding the correspondence between supplier's effort and resulting forging size, we assess the implications of two innovative approaches for improving supply chain performance: (i) input material reduction incentives via contracting and (ii) scrap material recycling. We characterize the optimal decisions with respect to final component geometry, various costs, and which party in the supply chain controls the strategic recycling decision. We find that the supply chain should utilize both approaches in a complementary way for components with complex geometry, yet deliberately limit recycling and eliminate contracting for components with simple geometry—a strategy the buyer always implements when controlling the recycling decision. Furthermore, we show these contracting and recycling strategies to be robust by considering linear, expected cost sharing, and nonlinear contract alternatives. Finally, we study supply chain inefficiencies that result from decentralizing the recycling and/or contracting decisions, and highlight whether expected cost sharing and nonlinear contracts can outperform linear contracts.
Complications and treatment errors related to regenerative periodontal surgery
Authors: Jepsen Karin , Sculean Anton , Jepsen Søren
Published: July 2023

Regenerative periodontal surgical procedures are an important component in the treatment of advanced periodontitis. They aim to improve the long‐term prognosis of teeth that are periodontally compromised by the presence of intrabony and/or furcation defects, resulting biologically in formation of root cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone and evidenced clinically by reduction of deep pockets to maintainable probing depths and/or improvements of vertical and horizontal furcation depth. Over the last 25 years, substantial clinical evidence has been accumulated to support the value of regenerative procedures in periodontally compromised dentitions. However, treatment success requires close attention to certain factors on the level of the patient, the tooth/defect, and the operator. Ignoring these factors in case selection, treatment planning, and treatment execution will increase the risk of complications that may jeopardize clinical success and may even be considered as treatment errors. Based on the currently available evidence from clinical practice guidelines, treatment algorithms, and on expert opinion, the present article provides an overview on the main factors, which influence the outcomes of regenerative periodontal surgery and gives recommendations on how to prevent complications and treatment errors.
Estimating the Distribution of Household Wealth: Methods for Adjusting Survey Data Estimates Using National Accounts and Rich List Data
Authors: Cantarella Michele , Neri Andrea , Ranalli Maria Giovanna
Published: July 2023

Income and wealth surveys are usually affected by unit non‐response and reporting errors, which contribute to a mismatch with macroeconomic figures from national accounts. In this paper, we develop a novel allocation method to address these two issues simultaneously, when only limited external information is available. The proposed approach combines information from a power law (Pareto) model with imputation procedures based on calibration. We apply the proposed simultaneous approach to produce distributional indicators for four Euro‐Area countries that are consistent with their national accounts. In particular, we use data from the 2014 Finnish, French, German, and Italian Household Finance and Consumption Survey and rich list data from Forbes or national press sources, along with household sector aggregates from national accounts, as auxiliary sources of information. A bootstrap procedure is also applied to evaluate the precision of the final estimates.
Effects of sodium and potassium concentrations on dolomite formation rate, stoichiometry and crystallographic characteristics
Authors: Hashim Mohammed S. , Rose Katharine G. , Cohen Hanna F. , Kaczmarek Stephen E.
Published: July 2023

This study uses high temperature (215°C) dolomitization experiments to explore the effects of sodium (Na) and potassium (K), two common constituents of natural fluids, on dolomite formation rate, stoichiometry and crystallographic characteristics. In these experiments, aragonite ooids were dolomitized in Mg–Ca–Cl solutions with either no additional salt, or in solutions containing NaCl or KCl at different concentrations. Results show that Na solutions, and to a lesser extent K solutions, correlate with faster reaction rates and that Na at hypersaline fluid concentrations produces dolomites with higher stoichiometry, higher micro‐strain and lower cation ordering. Potassium has a different effect on the dolomite than Na at similar concentrations. Unlike Na, K does not cause micro‐strain but leads to dolomite with smaller unit cell parameters. It is proposed that Na and K catalyse dolomite precipitation and increase stoichiometry by weakening Mg hydration bonds which consequently facilitates Mg incorporation into dolomite. The decrease in dolomite cation ordering at higher Na concentrations may stem from the incorporation of Na into dolomite which strains the crystal lattice and reduces cation order. On the basis that high‐temperature experiments are applicable to natural dolomites, several implications pertinent to natural dolomites are drawn from the results. Firstly, the data suggest that the higher concentrations of Na and K in evaporative fluids (i.e. higher salinity) can explain why dolomite is generally more abundant and more stoichiometric in evaporative settings. Secondly, the results challenge a key prediction of the mixing zone dolomitization model by showing that higher Na and K concentrations increase, rather than decrease, both dolomitization rate and stoichiometry. Thirdly, the observed decrease in dolomite cation ordering with increasing Na and K concentrations implies that evaporative fluids would produce less stable dolomite that may be more prone to subsequent recrystallization and thus resetting of primary geochemical signatures.
The possibilities of exploring nontraditional datasets with young children
Authors: Zapata‐Cardona Lucía
Published: July 2023

Today's world is characterized by the extensive production of data in different scenarios that everyday citizens need to understand for their informed participation in society. With the increase in the availability of data in a society defined by the industrious production of data, the educational system needs to think of possibilities to bring young children closer to the world of data science. This paper presents a nontraditional data exploration experience with an 8‐year‐old participant helped by a data visualization tool. A task‐based interview was conducted while the participant explored a carbon dioxide emission dataset. This paper studied how the participant interrogates the data, draws inferences and exhibits dispositions. At the end, some reflections are presented when introducing the exploration of nontraditional data in teaching.
Use of an equine compression suit to manage a deep axillary wound in a horse
Authors: Tallon Rose E. , Gough Rachel L. , McGovern Kate F.
Published: July 2023

Purpose

To describe the use of an equine compression suit to manage a deep axillary wound in a Thoroughbred filly with bilateral pneumothorax.

Case Summary

A 2‐year‐old Thoroughbred filly was referred for management of a deep wound to the left axilla. Packing and bandaging of the area were initially attempted, but this became repeatedly dislodged, and bandaging was discontinued. The filly subsequently developed widespread subcutaneous emphysema, and the wound was slow to granulate. Acute onset respiratory distress occurred 11 days after admission, secondary to bilateral worsening pneumothorax, and required placement of a chest drain. A commercially available equine compression suit was then successfully used to hold a primary dressing in place. This resulted in a marked improvement in the subcutaneous emphysema and pneumothorax. Wound granulation subsequently progressed well, and the filly was discharged from the clinic on day 36.

Unique Information Provided

This case report highlights the potential applicability of a compression suit as an alternative to a stent to effectively prevent entry of air and successfully manage axillary wounds in the horse. It was also noted how delayed the progression of a pneumothorax can be after inadequate bandaging of a deep wound in the axillary region. The compression suit provided an alternative means of securing a dressing onto an awkwardly placed wound and may be useful in locations other than the axilla.
A comparative study of intercultural sensitivity among postgraduates majoring in International Chinese Education in China context
Authors: Liu Feng , Fu Guirong , Ren Xiaofei
Published: July 2023

Based on a survey sample of 435 China postgraduates majoring in International Chinese Education with different undergraduate English learning experience, the research attempted to find out how five elements proposed by Chen & Starosta (2000), interacted or influenced with each other. Those five elements incorporated in Intercultural Communication Competence Scale (ICCS), developed by Chen & Starosta (2000), are interaction engagement, respect for cultural differences, interaction confidence, interaction enjoyment and interaction attentiveness. The survey results from the multiple regression charts demonstrated that the elements composed of intercultural sensitivity actually interacted or influenced interactants’ actual intercultural communication process.
Fake News as Disruptive Media: A Digital Age Challenge in Nigeria
Authors: Omoera Osakue Stevenson , Uwalaka Temple
Published: July 2023

The Nigerian media space is flooded with fake news, which has become the bane of digital journalism in today’s world. This is occasioned by the emergence of online media platforms and news blogs in Nigeria that appears to have created a situation where everyone can lay claim to being a ‘digital journalist’ and spreads news stories that get circulated instantaneously whether factual or not. This study uses case analysis, and historicocritical methods to examine purposively selected fake news cases disseminated on social media that concern socio-political, socio-economic, and socio-cultural themes about Nigerians or Nigeria posted between 2017 and 2021. We found that fake news is rife in Nigeria and is increasingly becoming a sub-culture among the people. The article recommends a reorientation of Nigerians to do more critical thinking and to improve their digital media literacy in order not to fall prey to purveyors of fake news.
Effectiveness of alternative versus traditional exercises on cardiac rehabilitation program utilization in women with or at high risk of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Suebkinorn Orathai , Ramos Joyce S. , Grace Sherry L. , Gebremichael Lemlem G. , Bulamu Norma , Pinero de Plaza Maria Alejandra , Dafny Hila A. , Pearson Vincent , Hines Sonia , Dalleck Lance C. , Coombes Jeff S. , Hendriks Jeroen M. , Clark Robyn A. , Beleigoli Alline
Published: July 2023

Objective:

This review will evaluate the effectiveness of alternative versus traditional forms of exercise on cardiac rehabilitation program utilization and other outcomes in women with or at high risk of cardiovascular disease.

Introduction:

Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation programs improve health outcomes in women with or at high risk of cardiovascular disease. However, such programs are underutilized worldwide, particularly among women. Some women perceive traditional gym-based exercise in cardiac rehabilitation programs (eg, typically treadmills or cycle ergometers, or traditional resistance training) to be excessively rigorous and unpleasant, resulting in diminished participation and completion. Alternative forms of exercise such as yoga, tai chi, qi gong, or Pilates may be more enjoyable and motivating exercise options for women, enhancing engagement in rehabilitation programs. However, the effectiveness of these alternative exercises in improving program utilization is still inconsistent and needs to be systematically evaluated and synthesized.

Inclusion criteria:

This review will focus on randomized controlled trials. The review will include studies measuring the effectiveness of alternative versus traditional forms of exercise on cardiac rehabilitation program utilization as well as clinical, physiological, or patient-reported outcomes in women with or at high risk of cardiovascular disease.

Methods:

The review will follow the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of effectiveness. Databases including MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase (Ovid), Emcare (Ovid), Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, and PsycINFO (Ovid) will be searched. Two independent reviewers will screen articles and then extract and synthesize data. Methodological quality will be assessed using JBI’s standardized instruments. GRADE will be used to determine the certainty of evidence.

Systematic review registration number:

PROSPERO CRD42022354996
Experiencia del síntoma en el Síndrome Coronario Agudo: comprobación de un modelo conceptual
Authors: Bernal Cárdenas Carlos Yecid , Céspedes Cuevas Viviana Marycel , Rojas Reyes Jennifer
Published: July 2023

Introducción: el síndrome coronario agudo (SCA) se caracteriza por diferentes síntomas, por lo cual la experiencia varía de persona a persona. El Modelo conceptual del manejo de los síntomas (MCMS) de Dodd aborda este aspecto que requiere ser comprobado dentro de la práctica de enfermería. Objetivo: comprobar los postulados de la dimensión de la experiencia de los síntomas del Modelo conceptual de Dodd en personas con síndrome coronario agudo. Métodos: comprobación teórica por medio de ecuaciones estructurales. Participaron 256 individuos con diagnóstico de síndrome coronario agudo, seleccionados por muestreo probabilístico estratificado. Se recolectaron datos clínicos, sociodemográficos y se midió la evaluación y respuesta a los síntomas con cinco instrumentos válidos. Se realizó un análisis estadístico con ajuste absoluto, ajuste incremental y ajuste de parsimonia del cual derivó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. Resultados: se comprobó la relación bidireccional entre la severidad del síntoma (evaluación) y la toma de decisiones (respuesta al síntoma). Se conformó un modelo que explica el 44 % de la varianza sobre la toma de decisiones. Sobre esta variable también influyen otras variables como la evaluación cognitiva y el control personal. Conclusión: este modelo conceptual permitió comprender la dimensión de la experiencia del síntoma en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo, comprobando sus postulados en la práctica.
Jahn–Teller-driven phase segregation in MnxCo3−xO4 spinel thin films
Authors: Blanchet Miles D. , Matthews Bethany E. , Spurgeon Steven R. , Heald Steve M. , Isaacs-Smith Tamara , Comes Ryan B.
Published: July 2023

Transition metal spinel oxides comprised of earth-abundant Mn and Co have long been explored for their use in catalytic reactions and energy storage. However, understanding functional properties can be challenging due to differences in sample preparation and the ultimate structural properties of the materials. Epitaxial thin film synthesis provides a novel means of producing precisely controlled materials to explore the variations reported in the literature. In this work, MnxCo3−xO4 samples from x = 0 to x = 1.28 were synthesized through molecular beam epitaxy and characterized to develop a material properties map as a function of stoichiometry. Films were characterized via in situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and polarized K-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy. Mn cations within this range were found to be octahedrally coordinated, in line with an inverse spinel structure. Samples largely show mixed Mn3+ and Mn4+ character with evidence of phase segregation tendencies with the increasing Mn content and increasing Mn3+ formal charge. Phase segregation may occur due to structural incompatibility between cubic and tetragonal crystal structures associated with Mn4+ and Jahn–Teller active Mn3+ octahedra, respectively. Our results help in explaining the reported differences across samples in these promising materials for renewable energy technologies.
Coaxial ion source: Pressure dependence of gas flow and field ion emission
Authors: Bedrane D. , Houël A. , Delobbe A. , Lagaize M. , Dumas Ph. , Veesler S. , Salançon E.
Published: July 2023

We investigated the pressure dependence of the gas flow and the field ion intensity of a coaxial ion source operating at room temperature over a wide pressure range, testing various gases and ionization voltages. Flow conductance measurements taking into account the different gases’ viscosity and molecular mass consistently exhibit a generic pattern. Three different flow regimes appear with increasing upstream pressure. Since the coaxial ion source supplies the gas locally, very near the apex of the tip where ionization occurs, large ionization currents can be obtained without degrading the propagation conditions of the beam. Compared with field ionization in a partial pressure chamber, using the coaxial ion source increases the ion current a hundredfold for the same residual low pressure. We also show that the gas flow regime does not impact the ionization yield. Although a fuller characterization remains to be performed, brightness reaches 3×1011 A/m2/sr at 12 kV extracting voltage.
An organoid-based CRISPR-Cas9 screen for regulators of intestinal epithelial maturation and cell fate
Authors: Hansen Stine L. , Larsen Hjalte L. , Pikkupeura Laura M. , Maciag Grzegorz , Guiu Jordi , Müller Iris , Clement Ditte L. , Mueller Christina , Johansen Jens Vilstrup , Helin Kristian , Lerdrup Mads , Jensen Kim B.
Published: July 2023

Generation of functionally mature organs requires exquisite control of transcriptional programs governing cell state transitions during development. Despite advances in understanding the behavior of adult intestinal stem cells and their progeny, the transcriptional regulators that control the emergence of the mature intestinal phenotype remain largely unknown. Using mouse fetal and adult small intestinal organoids, we uncover transcriptional differences between the fetal and adult state and identify rare adult-like cells present in fetal organoids. This suggests that fetal organoids have an inherent potential to mature, which is locked by a regulatory program. By implementing a CRISPR-Cas9 screen targeting transcriptional regulators expressed in fetal organoids, we establishSmarca4andSmarcc1as important factors safeguarding the immature progenitor state. Our approach demonstrates the utility of organoid models in the identification of factors regulating cell fate and state transitions during tissue maturation and reveals that SMARCA4 and SMARCC1 prevent precocious differentiation during intestinal development.
Operando spectral imaging of the lithium ion battery’s solid-electrolyte interphase
Authors: Lodico Jared J. , Mecklenburg Matthew , Chan Ho Leung , Chen Yueyun , Ling Xin Yi , Regan B. C.
Published: July 2023

The lithium-ion battery is currently the preferred power source for applications ranging from smart phones to electric vehicles. Imaging the chemical reactions governing its function as they happen, with nanoscale spatial resolution and chemical specificity, is a long-standing open problem. Here, we demonstrate operando spectrum imaging of a Li-ion battery anode over multiple charge-discharge cycles using electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). Using ultrathin Li-ion cells, we acquire reference EELS spectra for the various constituents of the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer and then apply these “chemical fingerprints” to high-resolution, real-space mapping of the corresponding physical structures. We observe the growth of Li and LiH dendrites in the SEI and fingerprint the SEI itself. High spatial- and spectral-resolution operando imaging of the air-sensitive liquid chemistries of the Li-ion cell opens a direct route to understanding the complex, dynamic mechanisms that affect battery safety, capacity, and lifetime.