bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
POLARONIC EFFECTS AT THE FIELD EFFECT JUNCTIONS FOR UNCONVENTIONAL SEMICONDUCTORS
Authors: KIROVA NATASHA
Published: March 2008

We consider properties of junctions for the FET geometry were molecular crystals or conducting polymers are used as semiconducting layers. In the molecular crystal Coulomb interaction of free electrons with surface polar phonons of the dielectric layer can lead to selftrapping of carriers and to the formation of a strongly coupled long-range surface polaron. The effect is further enhanced at presence of the bias electric field. The pronounced polaronic effects in conducting polymers change drastically the contact properties of these materials with respect to traditional semiconductors. Instead of the usual band banding near the contact interface, new allowed electronic bands appear inside the band gap. As a result the bias electric field and the injected charge penetrate into the polymer via creation of the soliton lattice which period changes with the distance from the contact surface. The performed studies open the possibility to describe the stationary characteristics and the hysteresis of the FET junctions and the Schottky diodes as well as to explain the photoluminescence suppression or enhancement under the bias electric field.
CELLULAR MONTE CARLO SIMULATION OF HIGH FIELD TRANSPORT IN SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
Authors: GOODNICK STEPHEN M. , SARANITI MARCO
Published: March 2008

Here we discuss the use of the Cellular Monte Carlo (CMC) method for full band simulation of semiconductor transport and device modeling. The electronic band structure and phonon spectra are used as direct inputs to the program for both cubic, hexagonal, and strained crystal structures using both empirical and ab initio methods. As a particular example, this method is applied to study high field transport in GaN and GaN/AlGaN heterostructures, where good agreement is obtained between the simulated results, and experimental pulse I-V measurements of transport. For device simulation, the CMC algorithm is coupled to an efficient 2D/3D multi-grid Poisson solver. We discuss the application of this algorithm to several technological problems of interest, including ultra-short channel Si/Ge MOSFETs, III-V compound HEMTs, and AlGaN/GaN HEMTs.
HEMT-BASED NANOMETER DEVICES TOWARD TERAHERTZ ERA
Authors: SANO EIICHI , OTSUJI TAIICHI
Published: March 2008

The terahertz region is one of the unexplored bands. This paper first reviews the present status of conventional high-speed devices, especially InP-based high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs), and addresses the technological problems facing the goal of terahertz operation. As an alternative approach to solve these problems, we developed a plasmon-resonant photomixer for realizing a coherent terahertz continuous-wave source. Preliminary results on electromagnetic response to impulsive photoexcitation at room temperature are reported briefly.
GENERATION OF ULTRASHORT ELECTRON BUNCHES IN NANOSTRUCTURES BY FEMTOSECOND LASER PULSES
Authors: GLADUN A. , LEIMAN V. , ARSENIN A. , MANNOUN O. , TARAKANOV V.
Published: March 2008

We present numerical investigation of anomalous internal photoelectric effect which is realized in thin film (< 100 nm) structures by surface plasmon (SP) excitation and its interaction with primary laser radiation. SP electric field gain and electron temperature in the SP field have been calculated.
THE DYNAMIC BIOENERGY OF ANIMALS WITH A DIGESTIVE TRACT
Authors: MOXNES JOHN F. , HAUSKEN KJELL
Published: March 2008

This paper provides a mathematical dynamic description of the bioenergetic time history of bilataria (multicellular animals with a digestive tract) during feeding, growth and activity. We analyze the dynamics of bioenergy using ordinary differential equations on a compartment model, which we believe could constitute a mathematical foundation. Allometric scaling laws of the quarter type are assumed for all scaling relations in accordance with fractal theory. The paper demonstrates the dynamics by which bilataria respond to activity and feeding. The model is tested against some well-known experiments for fishes.
RANDOM NUMBER GENERATION BY CELLULAR AUTOMATA WITH MEMORY
Authors: ALONSO-SANZ RAMÓN , BULL LARRY
Published: March 2008

This paper considers an extension to the standard framework of cellular automata which implements memory capabilities by featuring cells by elementary rules of its last three states. A study is made of the potential value of elementary cellular automata with elementary memory rules as random number generators.
REPRESENTATION FOR DISPERSION FORMULA OF OPTICAL FIBER USING HYBRID TECHNIQUE
Authors: RADI AMR
Published: March 2008

Genetic Algorithm (GA) has been used to find the optimal neural network (NN) solution (i.e., hybrid technique) which represents dispersion formula of optical fiber. An efficient NN has been designed by GA to simulate the dynamics of the optical fiber system which is nonlinear. Without any knowledge about the system, we have used the input and output data to build a prediction model by NN. The neural network has been trained to produce a function that describes nonlinear system which studies the dependence of the refractive index of the fiber core on the wavelength and temperature. The trained NN model shows a good performance in matching the trained distributions. The NN is then used to predict refractive index that is not presented in the training set. The predicted refractive index had been matched to the experimental data effectively.
SELF-REDUCTION RATE OF A MICROTUBULE
Authors: HIRAMATSU TAKASHI , MATSUI TETSUO , SAKAKIBARA KAZUHIKO
Published: March 2008

We formulate and study a quantum field theory of a microtubule, a basic element of living cells. Following the quantum theory of consciousness by Hameroff and Penrose, we let the system to reduce to one of the classical states without measurement if certain conditions are satisfied (self-reductions), and calculate the self-reduction time τN (the mean interval between two successive self-reductions) of a cluster consisting of more than N neighboring tubulins (basic units composing a microtubule). τN is interpreted there as an instance of the stream of consciousness. We analyze the dependence of τN upon N and the initial conditions, etc. For relatively large electron hopping amplitude, τN obeys a power law τN ~ Nb, which can be explained by the percolation theory. For sufficiently small values of the electron hopping amplitude, τN obeys an exponential law, τN ~ exp (c'N). By using this law, we estimate the condition for τN to take realistic values τN ≳ 10-1 sec as N ≳ 1000.
UNIQUENESS OF THE EPR–CHAMELEON MODEL
Authors: ACCARDI LUIGI , UCHIYAMA SATOSHI
Published: March 2008

A classical deterministic, reversible dynamical system, reproducing the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) correlations in full respect of causality and locality and without the introduction of any ad hoc selection procedure, was constructed in Ref. 4.

In this paper we prove that the above-mentioned model is unique (see Theorem 3.1) in the sense that any local causal probability measure which reproduces the EPR correlations must coincide, under natural and generic assumptions, with the one constructed in Ref. 4.
BM-CENTRAL LIMIT THEOREMS FOR POSITIVE DEFINITE REAL SYMMETRIC MATRICES
Authors: WYSOCZAŃSKI JANUSZ
Published: March 2008

The bm-central limit theorem for positive-definite real symmetric matrices and for homogeneous rooted trees are studied. The combinatorial nature of it is described. In addition, the construction of bm-product of graphs is given, which generalizes comb and boolean products. General properties of bm-extension operators are shown.
A Decoupling Approach to the Quantum Capacity
Authors: Hayden Patrick , Horodecki Michał , Winter Andreas , Yard Jon
Published: March 2008

We give a short proof that the coherent information is an achievable rate for the transmission of quantum information through a noisy quantum channel. Our method is to produce random codes by performing a unitarily covariant projective measurement on a typical subspace of a tensor power state. We show that, provided the rank of each measurement operator is sufficiently small, the transmitted data will, with high probability, be decoupled from the channel environment. We also show that our construction leads to random codes whose average input is close to a product state and outline a modification yielding unitarily invariant ensembles of maximally entangled codes.
Random Quantum Codes from Gaussian Ensembles and an Uncertainty Relation
Authors: Hayden Patrick , Shor Peter W. , Winter Andreas
Published: March 2008

Using random Gaussian vectors and an information-uncertainty relation, we give a proof that the coherent information is an achievable rate for entanglement transmission through a noisy quantum channel. The codes are random subspaces selected according to the Haar measure, but distorted as a function of the sender's input density operator. Using large deviations techniques, we show that classical data transmitted in either of two Fourier-conjugate bases for the coding subspace can be decoded with low probability of error. A recently discovered information-uncertainty relation then implies that the quantum mutual information for entanglement encoded into the subspace and transmitted through the channel will be high. The monogamy of quantum correlations finally implies that the environment of the channel cannot be significantly coupled to the entanglement which, concluding, ensures the existence of a decoding by the receiver.
Activity-Based Protein Profiling: From Enzyme Chemistry to Proteomic Chemistry
Authors: Cravatt Benjamin F. , Wright Aaron T. , Kozarich John W.
Published: March 2008

Genome sequencing projects have provided researchers with a complete inventory of the predicted proteins produced by eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. Assignment of functions to these proteins represents one of the principal challenges for the field of proteomics. Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) has emerged as a powerful chemical proteomic strategy to characterize enzyme function directly in native biological systems on a global scale. Here, we review the basic technology of ABPP, the enzyme classes addressable by this method, and the biological discoveries attributable to its application.
Modeling of Wetting in Restricted Geometries
Authors: Binder Kurt
Published: March 2008

This review discusses Monte Carlo simulations of simple models for fluids and binary mixtures (lattice gas, lattice models for binary polymer blends, Asakura-Oosawa model of colloid-polymer mixtures) in confined geometries. The geometries considered are thin films confined by either symmetric or competing walls, as well as wedges and pyramid-shaped cones, including “closed” geometries such as double wedges and bipyramids. Testing of theoretical concepts on the phase behavior in these geometries is emphasized: There is a delicate interplay between wetting phenomena and phase separation into vapor and liquid (or two fluids of different composition, respectively). Capillary condensation phenomena occur in thin films with symmetric walls, and interface localization transitions occur in cases with competing walls. Concepts on wedge filling and cone filling are also examined.
Clinical Utility of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Neurosonology
Authors: Droste Dirk W.
Published: March 2008

Extracranial and transcranial colour-coded duplex sonography (TCCD) are used routinely in clinical practice to assess physiologic and pathologic arterial blood flow to the brain. Such investigations are straightforward, safe, and cost effective, and can be repeated frequently for patient follow-up. In addition, the portability of extracranial colour-coded duplex sonography and TCCD provides the option of bedside investigations, particularly useful for evaluation of the critically ill patient. However, duplex ultrasound can be hampered by insufficient acoustic penetration, an unfavourable insonation angle, or by conditions of low or no flow. Echocontrast agents capable of surviving pulmonary and capillary transit have been developed, and such agents increase the Doppler signal and, therefore, the success rate of neurosonographic investigations. Approximately 20% of TCCD studies involve poor insonation conditions and, therefore, the use of echocontrast agents is of particular interest for this application. Levovist® and SonoVue® are the two agents currently approved for use in neurosonography. Such agents have a relatively long-lasting effect (up to 7 min), and can be administered as a single injection or, alternatively, a fractionated injection protocol can be used, depending on the quality of the window.
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Perfusion Imaging in Acute Stroke Patients
Authors: Meairs Stephen
Published: March 2008

The field of neurovascular ultrasound is expanding rapidly with exciting new applications. While ultrasound contrast agents were initially used to overcome insufficient transcranial bone windows for identification of the basal cerebral arteries, new-generation microbubbles in combination with very sensitive contrast-specific ultrasound techniques now enable real-time visualization of stroke. This article will provide a review of recent and emerging developments in ultrasound technology and contrast-specific imaging techniques for evaluation of acute stroke patients.
Relationship between Height and Dental Caries in Adolescents
Authors: Freire M.C.M. , Sheiham A. , Netuveli G.
Published: March 2008

Taller stature is associated with better health status. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that taller Brazilian adolescents have lower levels of caries experience. Data were collected through questionnaires, clinical examinations for oral health and anthropometric measures from a cross-sectional study conducted in Goiânia, Brazil, on 664 randomly selected 15-year-old schoolchildren. Variables analyzed were adolescents’ caries experience (DMFT and DMFS index) as outcome variables, height as an explanatory variable and social class, school performance, exposure to fluoride, frequency of sugar consumption and pattern of dental attendance as possible confounders. Polytomous ordered regression was used in the data analysis. A decreased risk of having higher DMFT levels was found among taller adolescents in quintile 3 (OR = 0.63, CI 0.40–0.99) and in the highest quintile (OR = 0.54, CI 0.35–0.82), while an increased risk was found among those from low social class compared with those from high social class (OR = 1.45, CI 1.10–1.91) and those who had at least one school failure compared with those who had never failed (OR = 1.57, CI 1.17–2.10). A decreased risk of having higher DMFS levels was found among the tallest adolescents (OR = 0.55, CI 0.36–0.83), while an increased risk was found among those from low social class compared with those from high social class (OR = 1.57, CI 1.20–2.07) and those who had at least one school failure compared with those who had never failed (OR = 1.66, CI 1.24–2.23). The hypothesis that taller adolescents have lower levels of caries experience was confirmed in the sample of the present study.
Allergic Rhinitis, Feeding and Oral Habits, Toothbrushing and Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Vázquez-Nava F. , Vázquez R.E.M. , Saldivar G.A.H. , Beltrán G.F.J. , Almeida A.V.M. , Vázquez R.C.F.
Published: March 2008

The aim was to determine the effect of feeding and oral habits, toothbrushing, socioeconomic status and allergic rhinitis on the development of dental caries in primary dentition. In a cross-sectional study, data were obtained by means of a structured questionnaire on 1,160 children, 4–5 years old (mean = 4.5 ± 0.5) and born in 1999, 2000 or 2001. The children also had a physical examination by an allergist and dentists. Dental caries was diagnosed according to WHO criteria. Caries experience was measured as number of deft and defs. Logistic regression analysis assessed the association between dental caries and independent variables. The dental caries prevalence was 17.9%, 28.8% of the children had allergic rhinitis symptoms, digit sucking was reported by 9.8% and pacifier use by 13.6% of the children. The mean number of deft of the sample was 1.02 (SD = 2.37) and that of defs was 1.33 (SD = 3.54). Analysis showed that breast-feeding for >12 months (p < 0.01), toothbrushing frequency (p < 0.01), sugar consumption (p < 0.01) and pacifier use (p < 0.01) each had a significant association with dental caries occurrence in primary dentition. Children with pacifier use and allergic rhinitis had more than double the risk of dental caries development. Allergic rhinitis alone has no effect on dental caries. Healthcare professionals attempting to limit dental caries should consider the effect of prolonged breast-feeding, sugary product consumption between meals and nonnutritive habits on dental caries.
Effect of Psidium cattleianum Leaf Extract on Streptococcus mutans Viability, Protein Expression and Acid Production
Authors: Brighenti F.L. , Luppens S.B.I. , Delbem A.C.B. , Deng D.M. , Hoogenkamp M.A. , Gaetti-Jardim Jr. E. , Dekker H.L. , Crielaard W. , ten Cate J.M.
Published: March 2008

Plants naturally produce secondary metabolites that can be used as antimicrobials. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of Psidium cattleianum leaf extract on Streptococcus mutans. The extract (100%) was obtained by decoction of 100 g of leaves in 600 ml of deionized water. To assess killing, S. mutans biofilms were treated with water (negative control) or various extract dilutions [100, 50, 25% (v/v) in water] for 5 or 60 min. To evaluate the effect on protein expression, biofilms were exposed to water or 1.6% (v/v) extract for 120 min, proteins were extracted and submitted to 2-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis. Differentially expressed proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. The effect of 1.6% (v/v) extract on acid production was determined by pH measurements and compared to a water control. Viability was similar after 5 min of treatment with the 100% extract or 60 min with the 50% extract (about 0.03% survival). There were no differences in viability between the biofilms exposed to the 25 or 50% extract after 60 min of treatment (about 0.02% survival). Treatment with the 1.6% extract significantly changed protein expression. The abundance of 24 spots was decreased compared to water (p < 0.05). The extract significantly inhibited acid production (p < 0.05). It is concluded that P. cattleianum leaf extract kills S. mutans grown in biofilms when applied at high concentrations. At low concentrations it inhibits S. mutans acid production and reduces the expression of proteins involved in general metabolism, glycolysis and lactic acid production.
Statistical Models of Holland Pressure Profile Parameter and Radius to Maximum Winds of Hurricanes from Flight-Level Pressure and H*Wind Data
Authors: Vickery Peter J. , Wadhera Dhiraj
Published: March 2008

In many hurricane risk models the inclusion of the Holland B parameter plays an important role in the risk prediction methodology. This paper presents an analysis of the relationship between B and a nondimensional intensity parameter. The nondimensional parameter includes the strong negative correlation of B with increasing hurricane size [as defined by the radius to maximum winds (RMW)] and latitude as well as a positive correlation with sea surface temperature. A weak positive correlation between central pressure deficit and B is also included in the single parameter term. Alternate statistical models relating B to RMW and latitude are also developed. Estimates of B are derived using pressure data collected during hurricane reconnaissance flights, coupled with additional information derived from the Hurricane Research Division’s H*Wind snapshots of hurricane wind fields. The reconnaissance data incorporate flights encompassing the time period 1977 through 2001, but the analysis was limited to include only those data collected at the 700-hPa-or-higher level. Statistical models relating RMW to latitude and central pressure derived from the dataset are compared to those derived for U.S. landfalling storms during the period 1900–2005. The authors find that for the Gulf of Mexico, using only the landfall hurricanes, the data suggest that there is no inverse relationship between RMW and the central pressure deficit. The RMW data also demonstrate that Gulf of Mexico hurricanes are, on average, smaller than Atlantic Ocean hurricanes. A qualitative examination of the variation of B, central pressure, and radius to maximum winds as a function of time suggests that along the Gulf of Mexico coastline (excluding southwest Florida), during the final 6–24 h before landfall, the hurricanes weaken as characterized by both an increase in central pressure and the radius to maximum winds and a decrease in B. This weakening characteristic of landfalling storms is not evident for hurricanes making landfall elsewhere along the U.S. coastline.
Shall We March On?
Authors: Swain Randall D.
Published: March 2008

Using data from the 1996 National Black Election Study, this study examines the extent of non-electoral activism in the post—civil rights era. Specifically looking at attending a political rally, signing a petition, attending a protest, and participating in picketing and boycotting, the author finds that membership in organizations with an African American—focused agenda and membership in community-based organizations are important facilitators of non-electoral activism among Blacks. An important finding is that, in the modern context, religiosity in the African American community works to suppress non-electoral political involvement. These findings are important because they suggest that the historical image of the Black church as an incubator of an oppositional political culture is no longer accurate.
In-Service Education Comes of Age
Authors: Misner Paul J.
Published: March 2008

Known for the boldness of his educa tional leadership, the superintendent of the Glencoe, Illinois, public schools sets forth vigorously a democratic philosophy of growth in service, calling for programs that arise from recognized needs and re late to actual conditions.
Practices and Problems in Recruiting Teachers of the Handicapped in Large Cities
Authors: Orleans Jacob S. , Finkelstein Sondra
Published: March 2008

A critical aspect of the teacher shortage is brought into focus by the data devel oped and presented by Mr. Orleans and Miss Finkelstein in this study. The au thors are connected with the Office of Research and Evaluation in Teacher Edu cation, The College of the City of New York, Mr. Orleans being the director of the Office.
Diagnostic and Predictive Value of the Heston Inventory Used in Student Teaching
Authors: Michaelis John U. , Tyler Fred T.
Published: March 2008

Associate professors Michaelis and Tyler, School of Education, University of California, report the findings of an in vestigation to determine some aspects of the usability of the Heston Personal Ad justment Inventory in the prediction of teaching success.
The Improvement of Teacher Education Through the Use of Audio-Visual Techniques
Authors: Brooker Floyde E.
Published: March 2008

The use of audio-visual tools and pro cedures has lagged in American schools, largely because of the neglect of this area in the education of teachers. Mr. Brooker is Chief, Visual Aids to Education, Office of Education, Federal Security Agency. For some of the material of this article he has drawn upon the findings of a con ference recently conducted by the United States Office of Education.
Experimental Programs of Laboratory Experiences in Teacher Education
Authors: Andrews Leonard O.
Published: March 2008

Laboratory experience in school and community is becoming increasingly the center of advance in the education of teachers. Some of the current trends in this rapidly developing movement are treated in this article. Mr. Andrews is Coordinator of Student Field Experience, College of Education, The Ohio State University. He describes here the long- range plan for professional laboratory experiences as recently developed at his institution. The suggestions presented by the author are applicable in teacher- education programs generally.
In-Service Education for Academic Instructors in the Air Force
Authors: Myers Eugene E. , Peterson John C.
Published: March 2008

This account describes in-service edu cation activities which have been develop ed during the first two years of operation of the Academic Instructor Division, USAF Special Staff School, Air University. The Academic Instructor Division's teach er-preparation program has been des cribed more fully in The Journal of Higher Education, April 1950, and The Adult Education Bulletin, June 1950. Lieutenant Colonel Myers is Director of the program described, and Mr. Peterson is Professor of Psychology, Kansas State College.
So the Left Hand Said To the Right
Authors: Chiappetta Michael
Published: March 2008

Are we ready, in our teacher-educa tion programs, to abandon our rigid schedules and subject-matter compart mentalization and organize instructional procedures entirely around student inter est ? This proposal is developed by Mr. Chiappetta, Assistant Professor of Edu cation, Arizona State College, Tempe.
Continuous Selection of Students for the Profession At One State Teachers College
Authors: Heiges Ralph E.
Published: March 2008

In many colleges throughout the nation we observe lip service to the concept of selective admission to teacher-education curricula. Everywhere we note a readi ness to admit that the central problem to be solved in the professionalization of teaching is found in this challenge. But where do we find evidence of really courageous action? How many programs have gone beyond the "talking" stage? Mr. Heiges, Dean of Instruction, State Teachers College, Indiana, Pennsylvania, reports progress in one institution.
Principles of Group Dynamics
Authors: Derieux Janie Gilreath
Published: March 2008

After taking time out to raise her fam ily following graduation from Furman University in 1915, Mrs. Derieux became a member of the 1950 master's-degree class at the University of Virginia, Char lottesville. In her thesis, of which this article is an excerpt, she developed 13 basic principles of group dynamics, two of which are amplified for Journal read ers. She is now enjoying the application of these principles to her work as teacher of the language arts to groups of teachers through the Extension Division of the University of Virginia.
Training Student Teachers for Participation
Authors: Story M.L.
Published: March 2008

How can we build an attitude con ducive to cooperative participation in the democratic process? Is it really a re sponsibility of the preservice teacher-edu cation institution? Dr. Story, Professor of Education at Winthrop College, Rock Hill, South Carolina, points directly to the manner in which this vitally im portant contribution can be made to the preparation of every intending teacher. He argues that we learn best how to par ticipate through actual participation in the solution of an educational problem which concerns us.
Browsing Through the Bookshelves
Authors: McCuskey Dorothy
Published: March 2008

All communications to Miss McCuskey should be addressed to her at the School of Education, University of North Caro lina, Chapel Hill.
The Antinomy of Evaluation
Authors: Albrecht Milton C. , Cantor Nathaniel
Published: March 2008

No teacher alert to his responsibilities can remain unaware of the problems of evaluation. It is perhaps not so common, however, for him to examine the assump tions underlying any testing procedure he may employ. Here two students of the problem give us a penetrating analysis of some widely accepted assumptions. Both are members of the staff of the University of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York. Mr. Cantor will be on leave during the 1951-52 year to participate in the general education program at Columbia University, New York City, under a grant from the Car negie Corporation.
The Role of Experiential Learning in the Education of Teachers
Authors: Hildreth Gertrude
Published: March 2008

Miss Hildreth, Assistant Professor of Education at Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York, spoke as President of the Di vision of Educational Psychology, Ameri can Psychological Association, at The Pennsylvania State College, September 5, 1950. In her address she challenged teacher-education leaders to a reexamina tion of many commonly accepted assump tions and widely used procedures in the education of teachers. Her plea for an enlarged role for experiential learning throughout the entire period of prepara tion is backed by concise argument in this article.
A Functional Program of Teacher Education
Authors: Behrens H.D.
Published: March 2008

When to begin formal professional preparation, what experiences to include, how to integrate these requirements with all of the other requirements in a bac calaureate program—these are widely dis puted points among teacher-education specialists and leaders in higher educa tion througout the nation. In New York, one of the early states to adopt the four- year preservice requirement for the stand ard elementary-school-teaching certificate, much pioneering has been done. Mr. Behrens, Chairman of the Department of Education, State Teachers College, Ge neseo, describes the functional plan devel oped and in operation at that institution.
Providing for Teacher Growth in International Understanding
Authors: Apple Joe A.
Published: March 2008

It is daily becoming more apparent that organized preparation to teach for inter national understanding is a "must" in teacher education. How one institution is meeting this challenge is presented here by Mr. Apple, Professor of Education, San Diego State College, San Diego, California.
The Professional Preparation of School Administrators
Authors: Baber Eric R.
Published: March 2008

In the midst of a rapidly expanding concern for the quality of preservice and in-service education of teachers the pro gram for the preparation of the adminis trator seldom emerges for the consid eration it deserves. Mr. Baber draws upon his rich background as teacher, public- school administrator, campus laboratory- school superintendent, and college instruc tor to present this penetrating analysis. His constructive suggestions are a chal lenge to graduate-school leadership. Mr. Baber has just accepted the superintend ency of a new school system to be estab lished in the Rich Township District, Park Forest, Illinois, in the environs of Chicago. Without buildings or instruc tional equipment of any kind, without staff, without curriculum, and without even one enrollee, Mr. Baber has the un usual opportunity of creating a com pletely new school on a 55-acre site located in the center of the area it is to serve.
The Analytical Approach To Teacher Education
Authors: Holton Samuel M.
Published: March 2008

The literature of teacher education shows a growing interest in the extent to which departmentalization may be justified. The challenge is not limited to the subject-matter fields; it is clearly heard by many who are responsible for the professional development of the pros pective teacher. Mr. Holton, Assistant Professor of Education, the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, is not only critical of the over-all organization now commonly observed; he has some definite convictions which he expresses in this article.
Using the Community in Teacher Education
Authors: Hodgdon Evelyn R. , Saunders Robert W.
Published: March 2008

Both Miss Hodgdon and Mr. Saunders are actively engaged in the supervision of off-campus experiences provided for the students of the State Teachers College at Oneonta, New York. In preparing this report they have drawn upon their rich backgrounds of experience in this rapidly expanding area of teacher education. Their "down-to-earth" approach is de scribed in realistic terms.
Who Is Qualified To Teach Citizenship?
Authors: Biddle William W.
Published: March 2008

Among the oldest objectives of the American educational system is the teach ing of citizenship. Only occasionally do we find an institution plunging boldly into uncharted seas in pursuit of this ob jective. Mr. Biddle, Director, Program of Community Dynamics, Earlham College, Richmond, Indiana, describes here a plan which is exciting the enthusiasm of a growing number of students-and college staff members.
An Approach To the Study of Religious Institutions of a Communty
Authors: deLissovoy Vladimir
Published: March 2008

How does the state-supported teacher- education institution define and attempt to meet its responsibility to the develop ment of the religious life of the preservice student? Mr. deLissovoy, of the Depart ment of Social Studies, State Teachers Col lege, Oswego, New York, describes an interesting approach in operation under his direction.
Developing Professional Competencies
Authors: Jaggers Richard E.
Published: March 2008

Public school representatives, students, and faculty at the Florence, Alabama, State Teachers College joined in the search for common ground on which needed competencies of the successful teacher could not only be identified, but actually developed in the preservice pro gram of teacher education; Mr. Jaggers, Head of the Department of Education and Psychology, reports the results of a two- year cooperative study.
Safety Education—an Urgent Need
Authors: Kent Farley H.
Published: March 2008

Mr. Farley, staff member of the Oregon College of Education, Monmouth, directs attention to a much-neglected area of instruction.
Selective Admission To Teacher Education
Authors: Stripling Robert O. , Horton Thomas R.
Published: March 2008

The shortage of teachers has led to demands that institutions eliminate all except the most rudimentary require ments for admission to teacher education programs. Many educators maintain, however, that only by creating a genu inely professional corps of teachers, by raising standards rather than lowering them, can the teacher shortage be finally alleviated without serious damage to the nation's schools.

In this article the authors describe one university's program of selective ad mission to teacher education. They re port that selectivity has improved the morale of both students and faculty, and that enrollments have continued at a high level in spite of the rejection of more than one-fourth of the students who have applied for admission to teach er education. Improvement in the aca demic ability of the student body is il lustrated with test scores.

Robert O. Stripling is associate pro fessor of education and Thomas R. Hor ton is a graduate student in mathe matics at the University of Florida.
A Study of Five-Year Programs
Authors: Boyter Mother Elizabeth
Published: March 2008

This article is a report and anal ysis of a survey of five-year teacher education programs in forty-two institutions. The author discusses commendable practices in pro grams now in existence and lists implications of the survey for pro grams which may be developed in the future.
An Evolving Technique for Appraising Interpersonal Effectiveness
Authors: Wilson Phyllis C. , Robbins Irving
Published: March 2008

Dynamic elements have been most conspicuously lacking in measurements of ability; yet, in the larger, practical abilities of life, dynamic elements of various kinds are of the greatest impor tance. Attempts to assess the dynamic aspects of ability—of large abilities in action in social settings—became promi nent during the last world war, notably in the selection program of OSS. For measurement or evaluation to succeed in the social field, dynamic aspects must become the center of attention.

The present article applies this con ception to the selection of certain gradu ate students. The same ideas, with ap propriate adaptations, might well be ap plied more widely to selection of work ers in all situations where interpersonal effectivness is a primary requirement. Dr. Wilson is the program adviser of the guidance training program for Queens College. Dr. Robbins teaches evaluation and research. The style which the authors hvae used permits the read er to feel he is almost an eye witness to this developing procedure.
A New Course is Born
Authors: Purks J. Harris
Published: March 2008

The editors of the JOURNAL re cently had the pleasure of reading "A New Course Is Born," an adapta tion of an address presented to the Third State of the University Con ference by Dr. Purks while he was provost and vice president of the University of North Carolina. His penetrating analysis of academic Planning is both stimulating and thought-provoking. With his per mission we are publishing it.
Selective Admissions and Retention Practices in Teacher Education
Authors: Stout Ruth A.
Published: March 2008

Parts I and II of the condensation of Dr. Stout's dissertation appeared in the September, 1957, issue of The Journal of Teacher Education. They presented the background and current practice, the relation of selective admissions and retention practices to institutional characteristics, and twelve charts which graphically summarize the data from which the narrative is drawn.

Parts III and IV conclude another significant study in the field of teacher education published under the title of "Commission Studies in 'reacher Education." A very limited number of reprints is available for distribution. -Editor.
They Helped Us, But-
Authors: McConnell Gaither
Published: March 2008

What do student teachers think of their supervisors?
Emotional Emancipation in Adolescence
Authors: Cook Desmond L.
Published: March 2008

What are its effects on subsequent teacher-pupil attitudes?
Evaluative Reports on Student Teachers
Authors: Rhodes Fred G. , Peckham Dorothy R.
Published: March 2008

What Administrators Desire—And What They Get
The Laboratory School: Unresolved Problem
Authors: Ohles John F.
Published: March 2008

We simply cannot blindly limp along oblivious to growing difficulties.... The question is not whether major treatment is needed, but who is to be the doctor and which cure should be applied.
The Thorny Problem of Improving College Instruction
Authors: Caughran R.W.
Published: March 2008

Instructional improvement, like virtue, is sought by all. Yet, also like virtue, the conceptions of what constitutes it differ markedly.
The Classroom Simulator
Authors: Kersh Bert Y.
Published: March 2008

The Oregon State System of Higher Education has initiated a new approach to teacher edu cation through the use of audio-visual media.
The Professional Education of Science and Mathematics Teachers
Authors: Mayor John R.
Published: March 2008

Representatives of eight colleges and universities report the results of experimental investigations aimed at improving teacher education in these fields.
A Log for Student Teaching Experiences
Authors: Gega Peter C. , Baker Douglas L.
Published: March 2008

The Department of Elementary Education at San Diego State College has devised a helpful aid to insuring some basic areas of activities For participants in their student teaching program.
Research on Reinforcement and Its Implications for Education
Authors: Ryans David G. , Travers R.M.W. , Reid Ian E. , Van Wagenen R.Keith
Published: March 2008

Professor Travers is one of the country's leading educational researchers. He has served in teaching and research capacities at Columbia University, Ohio State Uni versity, the University of Michigan, and the University of Utah. He was chairman of the Department of Educational Psychology at the University of Utah for four years, and in 1962 became director of the Bureau of Educational Research. Dr. Travers is well known among educators for his con tributions to research as well as for his books dealing with testing,Educational Measurement; research methodology, An Introduction to Educational Research; and learning,Essentials of Learning: An Over view for Teachers.

Mr. Reid, one of Dr. Travers' collabo rators, is a research associate in the Bureau of Educational Research at the University of Utah.

Dr. Van Wagenen now serves in the ca pacity of assistant professor of education at Arizona State University; his principal interests are in the area of school learning.
Teacher Affect in Relation to Pupil Achievement
Authors: Peng Samuel S. , Ashburn Elizabeth A.
Published: March 2008

This study investigated the relationship of positive and negative teacher affect with pupil achievement, as perceived by the pupils themselves. Data suggests positive behavior may not necessarily be conducive to higher and may well associate with lower achievement.
CBTE Revisited: Toledo's Program Remains Strong
Authors: Dickson George E.
Published: March 2008

Dickson discusses the philosophy undergirding a successful blending of competency-based teacher education, competency-based education, and individually guided education. Toledo's program is a 10-year research and development effort that has brought the University, public and parochial schools, and the community into coalitions to train pre- and inservice teachers.
Educational Psychology: What Do Teachers Value in Its Content?
Authors: Isakson Richard L. , Ellsworth Randy
Published: March 2008

Findings from this survey reinforce the previous article (p. 22)—that is, educational psychologists "should continue to treat those topics that are seen as most directly applicable to teaching ... [and] should strive to convey a genuine interest in the application of topics such as child development, learning theory, and measurement principles to solve actual educational problems."
Law-Related Teacher Education: A College and University Responsibility?
Authors: Gerlach Ronald A.
Published: March 2008

Because government and foundation funds are destined to end at some time, Gerlach maintains, "it appears critical that some new, less costly, and more comprehensive alternatives to training teachers in this area be developed." He examines one alternative for teacher educators.
Role Swapping Can Work To Revitalize Faculty, Teachers
Authors: Farrell R.V. , Seidenman Sylvan
Published: March 2008

This article describes the antics of two "crazy" teachers, one from a high school and the other from a university, who decided to change roles for 10 weeks. Their antics have not as yet driven them from the world of public education, and may evolve into a model program in Dade County, Florida.
Report Card on a Teacher
Authors: Mack Jean
Published: March 2008

"I was amazed that a teacher who yelled a lot and banged a wooden pass relentlessly could be seen as 'nice,'" Mack, a first-year teacher, commented about her fourth graders' report cards on her performance in a class where "friendliness evoked disorder, but a harder stance on my part provoked anarchy."
Evaluating A Teacher Education Program
Authors: Middleton Ernest J. , Cohen Sheila
Published: March 2008

By combining survey techniques—rating scale, open-ended questions, and personal interviews—the University of Kentucky College of Education has devised a comprehensive means of evaluating its teacher education program. Other colleges may find its questionnaire useful.
Student Teaching in England: Results of a Recent Survey
Authors: Yates John W.
Published: March 2008

Student teaching problems are unchanging, persistent and uni versal. Student teaching itself is an idealistic attempt to realize insti tutional cooperation between semi-impregnable organizations hav ing different goals: one dealing with the education of adults who need to practice (and learn from their own imperfect behavior); the other dealing with children and youth and thus having to guarantee the public some degree of mastered learnings on the part of all teaching staff. While we could have chosen an ex ample from the Third World or from a Communist Country, this article from England will suffice. The problems are insolvable. Once the future teacher is defined as a "college student" and the practitioner as a "school teacher" the organization die has been cast and the episode will be played out — across cultures and across time, with insignificant variations. See "23 Reasons Universities Can't Educate Teachers," M. Haberman, JTE, Spring '71) .
Faculty Reported Use of Research in Teacher Preparation Courses: Six Instructional Scenarios
Authors: Champion Robby H.
Published: March 2008

Champion presents findings with regard to how faculty members learn about re search, how they use research in courses, and how they characterize the research that is useful in teaching pros pective teachers. Interviews were con ducted with 30 faculty members from six institutions, all of whom had respon sibility for undergraduate professional education courses. The findings suggest that faculty members are suspicious of the usefulness and applicability of re search. They want preservice teachers to be consumers of research results, but they also want them to think critically about all new data they receive. Implica tions for further study and for practice are discussed.
Relationships Between Knowledge and Learning Environments in Teacher Education
Authors: Pickle Judy
Published: March 2008

The education of teachers, asserts the author, involves three categories of knowledge: particularistic, technical and liberal. Particularistic knowledge, a prod uct of direct experience, is what pros pective teachers understand as a result of their multiple exposures to class rooms and teachers. Technical knowl edge, the body of skills and understand ings that constitute the knowledge base undergirding teaching, results from laboratory instruction in which preser vice teachers practice and reflect on methods and skills. Liberal knowledge, more universal in character, is composed of the concepts and generalizations as sociated with the disciplines. Liberal knowledge is applicable to the broadest social contexts and contains the most objective truth value.

The three knowledge areas are differ entially associated with field, laboratory and scholarly/scientific learning environ ments. Effective teacher training matches knowledge acquisition proce dures with appropriate learning environ ments.
AACTE-ATE Functional Partnership
Authors: Sikula John P.
Published: March 2008

Sikula describes the emerging relation ship between AACTE and ATE in Indiana. Since 1981 these two organizations have taken several steps to implement a "functional partnership." Exactly what has been done and what might be done in the future is reported.
Finding A Dean: Minimizing The Guesswork
Authors: Mangieri John N. , Arnn John W.
Published: March 2008

The process of searching for a dean is important and complex, and little has been written to assist faculties in prepar ing for the process. The authors suggest that prior to initiating a dean selection process, a search team address a series of questions relative to unit strength and weakness, mission, resource allocation, and desired leadership characteristics. Responses to these questions, they suggest, can minimize the guesswork in finding a dean who can provide the desired type of leadership.
The California Consortium: A Case Study on Seeking Change in Teacher Education
Authors: Jones Alan H. , Barnes Carol P.
Published: March 2008

This article describes the experiences of the California Consortium on the Begin ning Years of Teaching in developing and seeking implementation of an intern ship/residency model of teacher educa tion. Successful efforts to initiate the model in one setting are described and the difficulties that prevented its imple mentation elsewhere are traced.
An Inservice Education Model: Teachers and Professors as Coequals
Authors: Binko James B. , Neubert Gloria A.
Published: March 2008

The authors provide a description of the National Writing Project, a collaborative venture between teachers and profes sors aimed at the improvement of teach ing. The article includes a discussion of the Project's history and structure, and outlines implications for other coopera tive efforts in inservice education.