bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Could Negative Tc-99m-Methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) Scintigraphy Obviate the Need for Surgery for Bethesda III and IV Thyroid Nodules?
Authors: Armefti Stella , Mettler Jasmin , Schmidt Matthias , Faust Michael , Engels Marianne , Schultheis Anne M. , Chiapponi Costanza
Published: July 2021

In about 20% of all cases, the fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) results are equivocal, delivering the two common categories of indeterminate cytology, Bethesda III and IV. The observed rates of malignancy vary widely among institutions, with the urgent need for a more precise risk stratification. 99mcTc methoxyisobutylisonitrile scintigraphy (MIBI) is less expensive than molecular testing and has been shown to have a high negative predictive value. For this reason, the results of MIBI scintigraphy in adult patients with indeterminate FNAC were collected, and correlated with the final pathology reports of surgical specimens. Patients receiving FNAC, MIBI scintigraphy and surgery for sonographic suspicious hypofunctional thyroid nodules between 2015 and 2019 at the University Hospital of Cologne, Germany were identified. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive value of MIBI scintigraphy were calculated. Seventy-eight patients with sonographic suspicious hypofunctional thyroid nodules underwent surgery after interdisciplinary case discussion of both FNAC and MIBI results. In 49 (62.5%) cases, FNAC consisted of Bethesda III and IV results. In 39 (79.6%) of these cases, MIBI scintigraphy resulted in mismatch and intermediary results, but in only 4 (10.2%) of these cases was a carcinoma diagnosed. The negative predictive value of MIBI scintigraphy was 90–100%, respectively. Relying on the negative predictive value of MIBI match results might have obviated the need for surgery in 20.4% cases; one papillary microcarcinoma, however, would have been missed. MIBI scintigraphy has an underused potential for improving the diagnostic precision of hypofunctional thyroid nodules.
The Multi-Dimensional Actions Control Approach for Obstacle Avoidance Based on Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Wu Menghao , Gao Yanbin , Wang Pengfei , Zhang Fan , Liu Zhejun
Published: July 2021

In robotics, obstacle avoidance is an essential ability for distance sensor-based robots. This type of robot has axisymmetrically distributed distance sensors to acquire obstacle distance, so the state is symmetrical. Training the control policy with a reinforcement learning method is a trend. Considering the complexity of environments, such as narrow paths and right-angle turns, robots will have a better ability if the control policy can control the steering direction and speed simultaneously. This paper proposes the multi-dimensional action control (MDAC) approach based on a reinforcement learning technique, which can be used in multiple continuous action space tasks. It adopts a hierarchical structure, which has high and low-level modules. Low-level policies output concrete actions and the high-level policy determines when to invoke low-level modules according to the environment’s features. We design robot navigation experiments with continuous action spaces to test the method’s performance. It is an end-to-end approach and can solve complex obstacle avoidance tasks in navigation.
Regularity of Weak Solutions to the Inhomogeneous Stationary Navier–Stokes Equations
Authors: Tartaglione Alfonsina
Published: July 2021

One of the most intriguing issues in the mathematical theory of the stationary Navier–Stokes equations is the regularity of weak solutions. This problem has been deeply investigated for homogeneous fluids. In this paper, the regularity of the solutions in the case of not constant viscosity is analyzed. Precisely, it is proved that for a bounded domain Ω⊂R2, a weak solution u∈W1,q(Ω) is locally Hölder continuous if q=2, and Hölder continuous around x, if q∈(1,2) and |μ(x)−μ0| is suitably small, with μ0 positive constant; an analogous result holds true for a bounded domain Ω⊂Rn(n>2) and weak solutions in W1,n/2(Ω).
A Descriptor-Based Advanced Feature Detector for Improved Visual Tracking
Authors: Kok Kai Yit , Rajendran Parvathy
Published: July 2021

Despite years of work, a robust, widely applicable generic “symmetry detector” that can paral-lel other kinds of computer vision/image processing tools for the more basic structural charac-teristics, such as a “edge” or “corner” detector, remains a computational challenge. A new symmetry feature detector with a descriptor is proposed in this paper, namely the Simple Robust Features (SRF) algorithm. A performance comparison is made among SRF with SRF, Speeded-up Robust Features (SURF) with SURF, Maximally Stable Extremal Regions (MSER) with SURF, Harris with Fast Retina Keypoint (FREAK), Minimum Eigenvalue with FREAK, Features from Accelerated Segment Test (FAST) with FREAK, and Binary Robust Invariant Scalable Keypoints (BRISK) with FREAK. A visual tracking dataset is used in this performance evaluation in terms of accuracy and computational cost. The results have shown that combining the SRF detector with the SRF descriptor is preferable, as it has on average the highest accuracy. Additionally, the computational cost of SRF with SRF is much lower than the others.
MRDA-MGFSNet: Network Based on a Multi-Rate Dilated Attention Mechanism and Multi-Granularity Feature Sharer for Image-Based Butterflies Fine-Grained Classification
Authors: Li Maopeng , Zhou Guoxiong , Cai Weiwei , Li Jiayong , Li Mingxuan , He Mingfang , Hu Yahui , Li Liujun
Published: July 2021

Aiming at solving the problems of high background complexity of some butterfly images and the difficulty in identifying them caused by their small inter-class variance, we propose a new fine-grained butterfly classification architecture, called Network based on Multi-rate Dilated Attention Mechanism and Multi-granularity Feature Sharer (MRDA-MGFSNet). First, in this network, in order to effectively identify similar patterns between butterflies and suppress the information that is similar to the butterfly’s features in the background but is invalid, a Multi-rate Dilated Attention Mechanism (MRDA) with a symmetrical structure which assigns different weights to channel and spatial features is designed. Second, fusing the multi-scale receptive field module with the depthwise separable convolution module, a Multi-granularity Feature Sharer (MGFS), which can better solve the recognition problem of a small inter-class variance and reduce the increase in parameters caused by multi-scale receptive fields, is proposed. In order to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the model in a complex environment, compared with the existing methods, our proposed method obtained a mAP of 96.64%, and an F1 value of 95.44%, which showed that the method proposed in this paper has a good effect on the fine-grained classification of butterflies.
A Biochemical and Pharmacological Characterization of Phospholipase A2 and Metalloproteinase Fractions from Eastern Russell’s Viper (Daboia siamensis) Venom: Two Major Components Associated with Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Chaisakul Janeyuth , Khow Orawan , Wiwatwarayos Kulachet , Rusmili Muhamad Rusdi Ahmad , Prasert Watcharamon , Othman Iekhsan , Abidin Syafiq Asnawi Zainal , Charoenpitakchai Mongkon , Hodgson Wayne C. , Chanhome Lawan , Chaiyabutr Narongsak
Published: July 2021

Acute kidney injury (AKI) following Eastern Russell’s viper (Daboia siamensis) envenoming is a significant symptom in systemically envenomed victims. A number of venom components have been identified as causing the nephrotoxicity which leads to AKI. However, the precise mechanism of nephrotoxicity caused by these toxins is still unclear. In the present study, we purified two proteins from D. siamensis venom, namely RvPLA2 and RvMP. Protein identification using LCMS/MS confirmed the identity of RvPLA2 to be snake venom phospholipase A2 (SVPLA2) from Thai D. siamensis venom, whereas RvMP exhibited the presence of a factor X activator with two subunits. In vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies demonstrated myotoxicity and histopathological changes of kidney, heart, and spleen. RvPLA2 (3–10 µg/mL) caused inhibition of direct twitches of the chick biventer cervicis muscle preparation. After administration of RvPLA2 or RvMP (300 µg/kg, i.p.) for 24 h, diffuse glomerular congestion and tubular injury with minor loss of brush border were detected in envenomed mice. RvPLA2 and RvMP (300 µg/kg; i.p.) also induced congestion and tissue inflammation of heart muscle as well as diffuse congestion of mouse spleen. This study showed the significant roles of PLA2 and SVMP in snake bite envenoming caused by Thai D. siamensis and their similarities with observed clinical manifestations in envenomed victims. This study also indicated that there is a need to reevaluate the current treatment strategies for Thai D. siamensis envenoming, given the potential for irreversible nephrotoxicity.
Association of Unhealthy Behaviors with Self-Harm in Chinese Adolescents: A Study Using Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Yang Rong , Li Danlin , Tian Run , Hu Jie , Xue Yanni , Huang Xuexue , Wan Yuhui , Fang Jun , Zhang Shichen
Published: July 2021

Previous studies have demonstrated the link between individual unhealthy behaviors and self-harm, but little is known about the influence of multiple unhealthy behaviors on self-harm among adolescents. This study aims to identify the potential patterns of unhealthy behaviors and to examine their associations with self-harm, which may become a useful tool for the screening of self-harm in adolescents. A total of 22,628 middle school students (10,990 males and 11,638 females) in six cities was enrolled in this study by multistage stratified cluster sampling from November 2015 to January 2016. Latent class analysis (LCA) was performed based on five kinds of unhealthy behaviors (unhealthy losing weight (ULW), tobacco use (TU), alcohol use (AU), screen time (ST), and mobile phone dependence (MPD)). Multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine associations between identified subgroups and self-harm. Four subgroups of unhealthy behaviors were identified. Class 1 (71.2%) had the lowest engagement in unhealthy behaviors. Class 2 ((ULW/MPD), 22.3%) had a relatively high prevalence of ULW and MPD. Class 3 ((TU/AU/ST), 3.2%) had a relatively high prevalence of TU, AU, and ST. Class 4 (3.3%) consistently engaged in unhealthy behaviors. Compared to class 1, class 2 (ULW/MPD), class 3 (TU/AU/ST), and class 4 showed OR (95%CI) values of 2.101 (1.964–2.248), 2.153 (1.839–2.520), and 3.979 (3.407–4.645) (p < 0.001 for each), respectively. Class 1, class 2 (ULW/MPD), and class 3 (TU/AU/ST) engagement in unhealthy behaviors was associated with increased self-harm. These findings strongly suggested that self-harm prevention efforts focusing on multiple unhealthy behaviors should be seriously considered for early detection of self-harm.
Sequencing a Strawberry Germplasm Collection Reveals New Viral Genetic Diversity and the Basis for New RT-qPCR Assays
Authors: Diaz-Lara Alfredo , Stevens Kristian A. , Klaassen Vicki , Hwang Min Sook , Al Rwahnih Maher
Published: July 2021

Viruses are considered of major importance in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne) production given their negative impact on plant vigor and growth. Strawberry accessions from the National Clonal Germplasm Repository were screened for viruses using high throughput sequencing (HTS). Analyses of sequence information from 45 plants identified multiple variants of 14 known viruses, comprising strawberry mottle virus (SMoV), beet pseudo yellows virus (BPYV), strawberry pallidosis-associated virus (SPaV), tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV), strawberry mild yellow edge virus (SMYEV), strawberry vein banding virus (SVBV), strawberry crinkle virus (SCV), strawberry polerovirus 1 (SPV-1), apple mosaic virus (ApMV), strawberry chlorotic fleck virus (SCFaV), strawberry crinivirus 4 (SCrV-4), strawberry crinivirus 3 (SCrV-3), Fragaria chiloensis latent virus (FClLV) and Fragaria chiloensis cryptic virus (FCCV). Genetic diversity of sequenced virus isolates was investigated via sequence homology analysis, and partial-genome sequences were deposited into GenBank. To confirm the HTS results and expand the detection of strawberry viruses, new reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assays were designed for the above-listed viruses. Further in silico and in vitro validation of the new diagnostic assays indicated high efficiency and reliability. Thus, the occurrence of different viruses, including divergent variants, among the strawberries was verified. This is the first viral metagenomic survey in strawberry, additionally, this study describes the design and validation of multiple RT-qPCR assays for strawberry viruses, which represent important detection tools for clean plant programs.
Oral Immunization of Larvae and Juvenile of Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) against Vibrio anguillarum Does Not Influence Systemic Immunity
Authors: Dang My , Cao Trung , Vasquez Ignacio , Hossain Ahmed , Gnanagobal Hajarooba , Kumar Surendra , Hall Jennifer R. , Monk Jennifer , Boyce Danny , Westcott Jillian , Santander Javier
Published: July 2021

Vibrio anguillarum, a marine bacterial pathogen that causes vibriosis, is a recurrent pathogen of lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus). Lumpfish is utilized as a cleaner fish in the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture in the North Atlantic region because of its ability to visualize and prey on the ectoparasite sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) on the skin of Atlantic salmon, and its performance in cold environments. Lumpfish immunity is critical for optimal performance and sea lice removal. Oral vaccine delivery at a young age is the desired method for fish immunization because is easy to use, reduces fish stress during immunization, and can be applied on a large scale while the fish are at a young age. However, the efficacy of orally delivered inactivated vaccines is controversial. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of a V. anguillarum bacterin orally delivered to cultured lumpfish and contrasted it to an intraperitoneal (i.p.) boost delivery. We bio-encapsulated V. anguillarum bacterin in Artemia salina live-feed and orally immunized lumpfish larvae. Vaccine intake and immune response were evaluated by microscopy and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis, respectively. qPCR analyses showed that the oral immunization of lumpfish larvae resulted in a subtle stimulation of canonical immune transcripts such as il8b, il10, igha, ighmc, ighb, ccl19, ccl20, cd8a, cd74, ifng, and lgp2. Nine months after oral immunization, one group was orally boosted, and a second group was both orally and i.p. boosted. Two months after boost immunization, lumpfish were challenged with V. anguillarum (7.8 × 105 CFU dose−1). Orally boosted fish showed a relative percentage of survival (RPS) of 2%. In contrast, the oral and i.p. boosted group showed a RPS of 75.5% (p < 0.0001). V. anguillarum bacterin that had been orally delivered was not effective in lumpfish, which is in contrast to the i.p. delivered bacterin that protected the lumpfish against vibriosis. This suggests that orally administered V. anguillarum bacterin did not reach the deep lymphoid tissues, either in the larvae or juvenile fish, therefore oral immunization was not effective. Oral vaccines that are capable of crossing the epithelium and reach deep lymphoid tissues are required to confer an effective protection to lumpfish against V. anguillarum
Can Vaccination Trigger Autoimmune Disorders? A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Petráš Marek , Lesná Ivana Králová , Dáňová Jana , Čelko Alexander M.
Published: July 2021

Vaccination as an important tool in the fight against infections has been suggested as a possible trigger of autoimmunity over the last decades. To confirm or refute this assumption, a Meta-analysis of Autoimmune Disorders Association With Immunization (MADAWI) was conducted. Included in the meta-analysis were a total of 144 studies published in 1968–2019 that were available in six databases and identified by an extensive literature search conducted on 30 November 2019. The risk of bias classification of the studies was performed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. The strength of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. While our primary analysis was conducted in terms of measures of association employed in studies with a low risk of bias, the robustness of the MADAWI outcome was tested using measures independent of each study risk of bias. Additionally, subgroup analyses were performed to determine the stability of the outcome. The pooled association of 0.99 (95% confidence interval, 0.97–1.02), based on a total of 364 published estimates, confirmed an equivalent occurrence of autoimmune disorders in vaccinated and unvaccinated persons. The same level of association reported by studies independently of the risk of bias was supported by a sufficient number of studies, and no serious limitation, inconsistency, indirectness, imprecision, and publication bias. A sensitivity analysis did not reveal any discrepancy in the primary result. Current common vaccination is not the cause of any of the examined autoimmune disorders in the medium and long terms.
Denial of Justification for Vaccination: Its Multiple Related Variables and Impacts on Intention to Get Vaccinated against COVID-19
Authors: Lin Yen-Ju , Chou Wen-Jiun , Chang Yu-Ping , Yen Cheng-Fang
Published: July 2021

The aims of the present study were (1) to identify the variables related to denying the justification for vaccination during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Taiwan and (2) to examine the associations of such denial with perceived risk of COVID-19 and the extrinsic and intrinsic intentions to get vaccinated against COVID-19. We recruited 1047 participants by using a Facebook advertisement. We investigated whether the participants denied justification for vaccination as well as their sociodemographic characteristics, mental health status, sources of information about COVID-19 vaccination, perceived risk of COVID-19, and extrinsic and intrinsic intentions to get vaccinated against COVID-19. The results indicated that 20.0% of the participants denied justification for vaccination. Participants who were older, had an educational level below college, were not health care workers, were in poor general mental health state, or did not obtain information about COVID-19 vaccination from the Internet were more likely to deny justification for vaccination. Denial was negatively associated with both extrinsic and intrinsic intentions to get vaccinated against COVID-19 but not associated with the perceived risk of COVID-19. Multiple variables related to denying the justification for vaccination; the denial was negatively associated with the intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19.
Protein-proteinase complex of wheat after long-term storage
Authors: Gurieva K.B. , Beletsky S.L. , Khaba N.A.
Published: July 2021

The article presents the results of evaluating the protein complex of wheat from different growing areas, stored in the silos of elevators for 6 years. It is shown that the protein content and quantity and quality of gluten changes slightly during long-term storage; the main fraction of wheat protein substances is a low molecular fraction up to 3 kD. There were no changes in the milling and baking characteristics of wheat for the period of 4-6 years of storage.
Evaluation of microbiological and toxicological safety of wheat grain during long-term storage
Authors: Gurieva K.B. , Beletskiy S.L.
Published: July 2021

The article shows the conditions for the development of microflora during long-term storage of grain. The results of studies of stored grain batches on microbiological indicators and mycotoxins are presented. It was found that the number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms and the number of mold fungi annually decreased by an order of magnitude when storing wheat in silos of elevators. During storage in silos of elevators, the concentration of mycotoxins in wheat did not change, and after a storage cycle of 3-4 years, the quantitative content of mycotoxins met the requirements of TR CU 015/2011 "On Grain Safety". After the storage, the wheat was safe from the point of view of toxic products of microbiological origin. This was facilitated by the low humidity of wheat (no more than 13%) and the optimal temperature regime: for most of the annual cycle, the grain was in a chilled state at a temperature below 10 °C.
Method of inspection of the trade assortment of goods of a certain category in retail enterprises and analysis of their assortment policy
Authors: Nikolaeva M.A.
Published: July 2021

The article presents a methodology for conducting research on the assortment of trade enterprises, the results of which serve as the basis for analyzing the assortment policy of these enterprises and developing recommendations for improving the assortment of a certain product category or a subgroup of goods. The purpose of the work is developing students' or workers' skills to conduct a study of the assortment of retail enterprises and analyze their assortment policy.
Development of flour-based culinary products for school nutrition
Authors: Alekseev A.E.
Published: July 2021

Flour-based culinary products are in demand by various consumer groups. These products occupy a special place in the nutrition of schoolchildren. The article discusses the main components and features of the influence of rice flour on confectionery products with high nutritional value. The influence of rice flour on the formation of the quality of flour-based semi-finished products with its use is revealed. The compositions of ingredients, preserving the traditional shape and taste of flour-based products, are selected. The recipes are developed, and the competitiveness of the developed flour-based products from rice flour is evaluated. Organoleptic and physico-chemical indicators of the developed products were studied.
Conservation status of the rare endemic Centaurium tenuiflorum subsp. anglicum, English Centaury (Gentianaceae)
Authors: Downey Elizabeth , Pearman David , Rich Tim
Published: July 2021

The status of the rare English endemic Centaurium tenuiflorum subsp. anglicum, English Centaury, has been assessed from field surveys in 2020 and compared against previous population counts. In Dorset, 16 populations with c.25,800 plants occurred and there was no evidence of overall decline. It was not refound in one site in the Isle of Wight. The IUCN threat status is ‘Least Concern’.
Fifteen years of habitat, floristic and vegetation change on a pioneer sand-dune and slack system at Ainsdale, north Merseyside, UK
Authors: Smith Philip Howard , Lockford Patricia
Published: July 2021

Changes in habitat, floristics and vegetation between 2005 and 2019 were studied on 2.9 ha of sandy foreshore near Ainsdale-on-Sea, north Merseyside. Named the ‘New Green Beach’, the site initially supported saltmarsh vegetation but, within five years, a 30-35 m-wide embryo dune ridge had formed, eventually 3.5 m high, backed by a 300 x 30 m seasonally flooded, calcareous dune-slack. The latter was colonised by pioneer slack plants, after which it rapidly developed areas of tall-herb fen and Alnus/Salix carr, while saltmarsh plants declined. During succession, species recorded as ‘rare’ became fewer in number while a higher frequency of ‘abundant’ taxa was recorded. The number of vascular plants listed annually increased from one in 2005 to 154 in 2019, though the rate of addition of new plants fell after 2010. Overall, 246 taxa were identified during the study. Only 9% of these were non-native, 17% being regionally or nationally notable, including 16 Red-listed species. Very poor statistical fits were obtained to recognised UK National Vegetation Classification vegetation types. Analysis of Ellenberg Indicator Values for salinity, nitrogen, moisture and reaction showed that the plant community became progressively adapted to low salinity, lower fertility, drier conditions and a less basic soil. The findings are discussed in relation to comparable studies elsewhere in Britain and Northern Europe. The rate of succession on the New Green Beach seems remarkably high, while evidence of declining soil fertility over time was unexpected.
Onde o físico encontra o humano: proposição de um programa de pesquisa multidimensional para uma geografia da música baseada em ruído
Authors: Puglia Oliveira Nina , Da Costa Reis Júnior Dante Flávio
Published: July 2021

Neste artigo, propomos um programa de pesquisa que, definindo como objeto a relação entre “paisagem sonora” e “ruído”, sugere que o campo da Geografia da Música pode estar melhor subsidiado pela incorporação simultânea de três perspectivas temáticas ou dimensões: ou “dimensões”: a física, a orgânica e a cultural. Ampliando a perspectiva cultural fenomenológica, buscamos empreender uma proposta de análise multidimensional sobre o comportamento espacial das paisagens sonoras que influenciam na produção de música e, consequentemente, na formação de identidades musicais. Amparados pela geografia dos ruídos como um desdobramento da geografia sônica, acrescentam-se conceitos fundamentais de acústica, fisiologia da audição e neurociência. Espera-se, assim, consolidar uma proposta teórico-epistemológica que promova pontos de intersecção entre as geografias física e humana, e a compreensão da música enquanto linguagem e enquanto fenômeno humano a partir de um fenômeno natural.
Electric-Circuit Realization of Fast Quantum Search
Authors: Pan Naiqiao , Chen Tian , Sun Houjun , Zhang Xiangdong
Published: July 2021

Quantum search algorithm, which can search an unsorted database quadratically faster than any known classical algorithms, has become one of the most impressive showcases of quantum computation. It has been implemented using various quantum schemes. Here, we demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally that such a fast search algorithm can also be realized using classical electric circuits. The classical circuit networks to perform such a fast search have been designed. It has been shown that the evolution of electric signals in the circuit networks is analogies of quantum particles randomly walking on graphs described by quantum theory. The searching efficiencies in our designed classical circuits are the same to the quantum schemes. Because classical circuit networks possess good scalability and stability, the present scheme is expected to avoid some problems faced by the quantum schemes. Thus, our findings are advantageous for information processing in the era of big data.
Quad-band FSS for Electromagnetic Shielding
Authors: Singh Alka , Singh Chitra
Published: July 2021

In this paper, a novel method to design Quad-band stop frequency selective surface (FSS) is proposed to shield medical/non-medical devices from electromagnetic radiation of wifi/Bluetooth, GPS,1G, 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G frequencies. The proposed device can also be used in security and surveillance devices to protect them from electromagnetic attack. The FSS unit cell consists of convoluted structures on FR4 substrate. The study was performed by designing individual frequency selective surfaces for 1G, 2G, Wi-Fi/Bluetooth, GPS, 4G and 5G, then combining it to form a single Quad-band FSS unit.
Comparison of the meteorological drought indices according to the parameter(s) used in the Southeastern Anatolia Region, Turkey
Authors: Akşan Gözde Nur , Bacanlı Ülker Güner
Published: July 2021

Southeast Anatolia Region, where Turkey's summer-winter differences were experienced as a region, was preferred in this study. Daily precipitation and daily temperature data for the 1950-2019 period were provided for analysis. However, due to data deficiencies, Adiyaman, Batman and Kilis stations were worked in the 1959-2019 period and Sirnak station in the 2000-2019 period. All data have been tested for homogeneity.According to the parameters used in this study, comparisons were made between the indices. It is divided into 4 according to the parameters used. Although the parameter used is the same, each index has drawn different results due to time differences. Dry results were obtained across the entire station from the methodology of the EDI (as used daily rainfall data). In addition, due to the low precipitation in the index, dry results were obtained in the RAI. Normal results were obtained with other precipitation-based drought indices.According to EDDI results, the driest month is April. During the 12-month seasonal period, only 5 months have passed in the form of no drought.According to SPEI and RDI values, normal results were achieved at all stations. Moderately and severely dry conditions sometimes occur, extremely dry have rarely been seen. RDI has been identified to have a more drought duration than SPEI.According to PCI and HTC (based on precipitation and temperature), EDI and RAI results (precipitation-based), the region is dominated by drought. When viewed on a station-by-station basis, drought has been observed at stations in the borders.
Humanitarian Intervention in International and Islamic Law
Authors: Sinanovic Ermin
Published: July 2021

In this paper, I look into the moral foundation of humanitarian intervention in international law and its Islamic counterpart. My objective is to identify the traits shared by both sets of laws, and to see if the same or similar justification can be used across cultures to reach the same goal. In other words, one goal is to assess the claims that the basis upon which humanitarian intervention is justified has a universal appeal. Both international and Islamic law justify humanitarian intervention on moral grounds. International law bases its justification upon the human rights discourse. Islamic law provides enough bases for legitimizing humanitarian intervention, and Qur’anic verses, scholarly opinions, and Islamic principles provide a sound background for it. Paramount in this task is the concept of human dignity (karamah al-insan). We found no disagreement on this fundamental issue between the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and Islamic law. Human dignity, as understood in international human rights and its Islamic counterpart, thus could form the jus cogens of international law, a common human heritage upon which everybody can agree.
EKSTRAKSI KOMPONEN ANTIOKSIDAN TEPUNG KOMPOSIT BERBASIS PISANG GOROHO DAN LABU KUNING DENGAN BANTUAN ULTRASONIK
Authors: Pasanda Immanuel M. , Suryanto Edi , Rumayar Adisti A.
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAK Tanaman-tanaman lokal yang mengandung antioksidan, yaitu pisang goroho dan labu kuning, digunakan untuk mengembangkan tepung komposit.  Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi efek pencampuran tepung pisang goroho dengan tepung labu kuning terhadap kandungan fitokimia antioksidan (total fenolik dan beta karoten) dan kapasitas antioksidan (kemampuan menangkal radikal DPPH dan daya reduksi) dari tepung komposit yang dihasilkan dengan menggunakan bantuan ultrasonik pada tahapan ekstraksi. Formulasi tepung komposit yang digunakan (tepung pisang goroho:tepung labu kuning) adalah 75:25, 50:50, dan 25:75. Kandungan total fenolik tepung komposit berkisar antara 98,2- 78,8 mg/kg GAE, dan kandungan beta karoten tepung komposit berkisar antara 186,1-497,8 µg/g. Hasil penelitian menunjukkaan peningkatan  kandungan fitokimia antioksidan dan kapasitas antioksidan pada tepung komposit terjadi dengan meningkatnya proporsi tepung labu kuning. ABSTRACT Locally grown crops with antioxidant content i.e. goroho plantain dan yellow pumpkin were used to develop composite flours. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of mixing goroho plantain flour with yellow pumpkin flour on phytochemical content (total phenolic and beta carotene) and antioxidant capacity (DPPH assay and reducing power assay) of developed composite flours, assisted by ultrasound in the extraction step. Flour formulations (goroho plantain flour: yellow pumpkin flour) used were 75:25, 50:50, and 25:75.  Total phenolic content of composite flours ranged from 98.2-178.8 mg/kg GAE, and beta carotene content of composite flours ranged from 186,1-497,8 µg/g. The study showed that increased in phytochemical antioxidant content and antioxidant capacity of composite flours were due to increasing in yellow pumpkin flour proportion in composite flour.
SINTESIS NANOPARTIKEL KOBALT FERRIT (CoFe2O4) MENGGUNAKAN EKSTRAK DAUN BINAHONG (Anredera cordifolia (Ten) Steenis) DAN APLIKASINYA SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI
Authors: Luntungan Charissa L. , Aritonang Henry F. , Kamu Vanda S.
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan penelitian mengenai sintesis nanopartikel CoFe2O4 menggunakan ekstrak daun binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten) Steenis). dengan variasi perbandingan mol (Co(NO3)2.6H2O) : (Fe(NO3)3.9H2O) = 1:1 dalam 15 mL. Nanopartikel tersebut dikarakterisasi menggunakan XRD dan SEM serta diuji aktivitas antibakterinya. Uji aktivitas antibakteri mengunakan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positif) dan Escherichia coli (gram-negatif). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ukuran nanopartikelnya adalah 37,52 nm. Kemudian aktivitas antibakteri diketahui berdasarkan luasnya zona bening yang terbentuk dengan hasil diperoleh sebesar 15 mm untuk bakteri E.coli dan 20 mm untuk bakteri S.aureus. Daun Binahong sendiri memiliki sifat sebagai antibakteri dengan hasil yang didapat adalah 8,25 mm untuk bakteri E.coli  dan 10,25 mm untuk bakteri S.aureus. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa nanopartikel CoFe2O4 1 : 1 dalam 15 mL ekstrak dapat digunakan sebagai antibakteriABSTRACTIt has been done research on the synthesis of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles using binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten) Steenis) leaf extract. With comparison mol variation of (Co(NO3)2.6H2O) : (Fe(NO3)3.9H2O) = 1:1 in 15 mL extract. The nanoparticles were characterized using XRD and SEM and tested for their antibacterial activities. Test antibacterial activity using Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive) bacteria and Escherichia coli (gram-negative). The results showed that the nanoparticle size was 37.52 nm. Antibacterial activity is known by the extent of the clear zone formed with the results obtained by 15 mm for the E. coli bacteria and 20 mm for the bacteria S. aureus. The leaf Binahong itself has a trait as an antibacterial with the results obtained is 8.25 mm for the bacteria E. coli and 10.25 mm for the S.aureus bacteria. This suggests that the CoFe2O4 nanoparticles 1:1 mol in 15 mL extrack are used as antibacterial.
ANALISIS KANDUNGAN KLOROFIL PADA BERBAGAI POSISI DAUN DAN ANAK DAUN AREN (Arrenga pinnata)
Authors: Lawendatu Olivia P. G. , Pontoh Julius , Kamu Vanda
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan penelitian tentang analisis kandungan klorofil dari berbagai posisi daun dan anak daun dari tanaman aren. Daun aren diambil pada posisi atas, tengah, dan bawah dari tajuk tanaman. Sampel anak daun  dibagi 3 posisi yaitu atas, tengah, dan bawah. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan methanol dan penetuan klorofil pada daun dilakukan dengan spektofotometer pada panjang gelombang 665 nm dan 652 nm untuk masing-masing klorofil a dan klorofil b. Kandungan klorofil a dan b  yang terdapat pada sampel daun aren yang dihitung berdasarkan 3 unit satuan µg/mL, mg/g  dan µmol/m2. Kandungan klorofil a dan b pada sampel pohon aren tertinggi terletak pada posisi kiri daun, pada posisi daun terletak pada daun atas, pada posisi anak daun terletak pada posisi ujung anak daun. Ratio kandungan klorofil pada sampel daun aren berkisar 1,30-6,72. ABSTRACTHas conducted research on the analysis of chlorophyll content from various positions of leaves and leaves of palm plants. Leaves are taken in the top, middle and bottom positions of the plant canopy. Samples of leaflets were divided into 3 positions namely top, middle and bottom. Extraction was carried out with methanol and the determination of chlorophyll in the leaves was carried out by spectrophotometer at wavelengths of 665 nm and 652 nm for chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, respectively. The chlorophyll and b content in palm leaf samples are calculated based on 3 units of μg/mL, mg/g, and µmol/m2. The content of chlorophyll a and b in the highest palm tree sample is located in the left position of the leaf, the position of the leaf is placed on the top of the leaf, the position of the leaflets is placed in the tip of the leaflets. The ratio of chlorophyll content in sugar palm leaf samples in the setting is 1.30-6.72.
KANDUNGAN LEMAK DAN KOMPOSISI ASAM-ASAM LEMAK PADA BAGIAN BADAN IKAN JULUNG-JULUNG (Hemiramphus brasiliensis)
Authors: Josephus Louisa M. F. , Pontoh Julius , Momuat Lidya I.
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai kandungan lemak dan komposisi asam-asam lemak pada bagian badan ikan julung-julung. Penentuan kadar lemak pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode ekstraksi pemanasan dengan air (wet rendering). Kadar lemak pada bagian badan ikan julung-julung yaitu 0,02%. Ekstrak lemak ikan yang diperoleh di transesterifikasi basa menggunakan metode derivatisasi kemudian diinjeksikan pada alat kromatografi gas. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa asam-asam lemak utama yang ada pada bagian badan ikan julung-julung adalah asam palmitat dan DHA. Sedangkan untuk asam-asam lemak omega-3 yang diperoleh yaitu asam eikosatrienoat, EPA dan DHA, dengan total kandungan omega-3 pada bagian badan yaitu 27,0%. ABSTRACT Research has been conducted for the fat content and composition of fatty acids in the part of body of the julung-julung fish. Determination of fat content in this study using the method of water heating extraction (wet rendering). Fat content in the part of body of the julung-julung fish is 0.02%. The extract of fish fat was transesterified bases using the derivatization method and then injected on a gas chromatography device. The results of this study prove that the main fatty acids present in the part of body of the julung-julung fish are palmitic acid and DHA. As for the omega-3 fatty acids obtained, namely eicosatrienoic acid, EPA and DHA, with the total omega-3 content in the part of body is 27.0%.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN GULA AREN
Authors: Suoth Elly Juliana , Herowati Rina , Pamudji Gunawan
Published: July 2021

Gula aren dengan dosis 200 mg/kg BB dan 400 mg/kg BB diberikan pada tikus putih yang kemudian diinduksi CCl4 1,5 ml/kg BB. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kadar enzim antioksidan yaitu SOD dan GPx setelah diinduksi CCl4 serta kerusakan yang ditimbulkan oleh CCl4 lewat pengukuran kadar MDA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar SOD dan GPX pada tikus kontrol negatif berbeda dengan kadar SOD dan GPx pada tikus yang diberikan gula aren. Kadar enzim antioksidan pada tikus yang diberikan gula aren hampir sama dengan tikus normal (kelompok yang tidak diinduksi CCl4). Hal tersebut berhubungan dengan kadar MDA dimana pada tikus kelompok kontrol negatif menunjukkan kadar MDA yang tinggi sedangkan pada tikus normal dan tikus yang diberikan gula aren menunjukkan kadar MDA rendah yang artinya bahwa enzim antioksidan pada tikus normal dan tikus yang diberikan gula aren mengadakan peredaman terhadap reaksi oksidasi yang disebabkan oleh CCl4 sehingga peroksidasi lipid yang terjadi sangat kecil.ABSTRACT Palm sugar with a dose of 200 mg/kg BB and 400 mg/kg BB given to white rats which then induced CCl4 1.5 ml/kg BB. This study aims to look at the levels of antioxidant enzymes namely SOD and GPx after CCl4 induction and the damage caused by CCl4 through MDA level measurements. The results showed that SOD and GPX levels in negative control rats differed from SOD and GPx levels in rats given palm sugar. The levels of antioxidant enzymes in rats given palm sugar were almost the same as those in normal rats (CCl4-induced groups). This is related to MDA levels where in the negative control group rats showed high MDA levels while in normal rats and group rats given palm sugar showed low MDA levels which means that the antioxidant enzymes in normal rats and group rats given palm sugar made damping against oxidation reactions which is caused by CCl4 so that the lipid peroxidation that occurs is very small.
AKTIVITAS ANTI-INFLAMASI EKSTRAK ETANOL TEPUNG PELEPAH AREN (Arenga pinnanta)
Authors: M Devy Angreani , Sangi Meiske , Fatimah Feti
Published: July 2021

Tepung pelepah aren secara tradisional digunakan sebagai obat untuk menghilangkan rasa gatal dan luka bakar pada kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas anti-inflamasi ekstrak etanol tepung pelepah aren (Arenga pinnanta) menggunakan metode induksi karagenan. Ekstrak etanol tepung pelepah aren yang digunakan didapatkan dari hasil maserasi tepung pelepah aren menggunakan etanol hasil redestilasi cap tikus. Metode pengujian aktivitas anti-inflamasi menggunakan 15 ekor tikus putih jantan galur wistar dengan berat 150-200 gram yang dibagi dalam 5 kelompok perlakuan, Kelompok Kontrol negative, Kontrol Positif dan kelompok dosis ekstrak etanol 20%, 25% dan 30%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan kelompok ekstrak etanol tepung pelepah aren dosis 30% memiliki kemampuan inhibisi udem yang sama dengan kontrol positif (Na Diklofenak) dan memiliki kemampuan inhibisi yang lebih besar dibandingkan dosis 20% dan 25%.ABSTRACTPalm stem flour is traditionally used as a remedy for the relief of itching and burns on the skin. This research aims to test the anti-inflammatory activity of palm-flour (Arenga pinnanta) ethanol extract using Caragenan induction method. Palm-dried stem flour extract used from the maceration of palm flour, using ethanol redestilation of rat seals. The method of testing anti-inflammatory activity using 15 male white rats with Wistar strain with a weight of 150-200 grams divided into 5 treatment groups, negative control group, positive control and group dose of ethanol extract 20%, 25% and 30%. The results of this study showed that the group of dried palm flour extract dose 30% have the same inhibition capability with positive control (Na Diklofenak) and have greater inhibition capability compared to the dose 20% and 25%.
Theoretical and experimental investigation of external-stress effect on quantum-well-based semiconductor interferometer performance
Authors: Ueda Yuta , Hashizume Yasuaki , Yamada Takashi , Matsuzaki Hideaki , Ishikawa Mitsuteru
Published: July 2021

We investigate characteristic fluctuations in multi-quantum well (MQW)-based waveguides whose absorption spectrum experimentally changes as a ∼5 nm blue shift when dielectric passivation layers are employed. We theoretically show that the blue shift corresponds to a ∼0.03% compressive strain in the MQW resulting in a group refractive index change (Δn

g
) of ∼−0.01. The estimated Δn

g
agrees with an experimentally obtained free spectral range of transmittance of an asymmetric Mach–Zehnder interferometer composed of the MQW structure. The results indicate that our theoretical estimation is an efficient way to evaluate the MQW-based waveguide performance with an external stress.
PENGARUH KOMPETENSI, DISIPLIN KERJA, SIKAP MENTAL DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI DI BADAN KEPEGAWAIAAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA KABUPATEN BARITO SELATAN
Authors: Abdul Azis Norwijaya1
Published: July 2021

Abstrak: enelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh Kompetensi, Disiplin Kerja, Sikap Mental dan Motivasi kerja secara simultan dan secara parsial serta variabel yang berpengaruh dominan terhadap kinerja pegawai di Badan Kepegawaian dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Kabupaten Barito Selatan. Responden penelitian ini adalah pegawai Badan Kepegawaian dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia berjumlah 41 dengan teknik sampling jenuh, Instrumen penelitian adalah kuesioner dan dilakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas. Data diuji dengan analisis regresi linear berganda menggunakan aplikasi SPSS versi 23. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa : Kompetensi, Disiplin Kerja, Sikap Mental dan Motivasi kerja secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja pegawai. Kompetensi, Disiplin Kerja, Sikap Mental dan Motivasi kerja secara parsial berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja pegawai dan Kompentensi yang berpengaruh Dominan terhadap Kinerja pegawai, di Badan Kepegawaian dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Kabupaten Barito Selatan.

 

Kata-kata kunci : Kompetensi, Disiplin Kerja, Sikap Mental, Motivasi, Kinerja Pegawai
CASE REPORT : LIPOSARCOMA OF THE SHOULDER
Authors: Chakraborty Tannistha , Krishna Vamsi , Raghupathy T.
Published: July 2021

Lipoma, a benign neoplasm of adipocytes, is the most common mesenchymal soft tissue tumor of adulthood, but rarely present with huge sizes in
their cutaneous localization.
Liposarcomas are the second most common soft tissue sarcoma following malignant brous histiocytoma. They comprise approximately 16-18%
of all malignant soft tissue tumours. It is most common in the trunk followed by lower extremity, upper extremity and head and neck.. While
lipomas can be clinically diagnosed , transformation of lipomas into liposarcoma is rare. Here we report the case of a 55 gentleman, who came with
a history of swelling over the right shoulder with a probable malignant transformation due to history of long duration of presence of swelling.
Management is usually by wide excision. Local radiation and chemotherapy may be necessary for high grade lesions.
Following A Dynamic Object Through A Transient Response Adjustable MPC (Extended Version)
Authors: Hong Sanghyun , Miller Justin , Lu Jianbo
Published: July 2021

We developed an MPC motion controller for a mobile robot to follow a dynamic object. The main contribution is to find an adjustable transient response characteristic in a special formulation of MPC and apply to a real robot platform.
Motor-Imagery EEG-based BCIs in Wheelchairs Movement and Control: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Palumbo Arrigo , Gramigna Vera , Calabrese Barbara , Ielpo Nicola
Published: July 2021

The pandemic emergency of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) shed light on the need for innovative aids, devices and assistive technologies to enable people with severe disabilities to live their daily lives. EEG-based Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) can lead individuals with significant health challenges to improve their independence, facilitate participation in activities, thus enhancing overall well-being and preventing impairments. This systematic review provides state-of-the-art applications of EEG-based BCIs, particularly those using motor-imagery (MI) data, to wheelchair control and movement. It presents a thorough examination of the different studies conducted since 2010, focusing on the algorithm analysis, features extraction, features selection and classification techniques used, and wheelchair components and performance evaluation. The results provided in this paper could highlight the limitations of current biomedical instrumentations applied to people with severe disabilities in the pandemic context of Covid-19 and bring focus to innovative research topics.