bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Injection of hydrogel spacer increased maximal intrafractional prostate motion in anterior and superior directions during volumetric modulated arc therapy-stereotactic body radiation therapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Sawayanagi Subaru , Yamashita Hideomi , Ogita Mami , Takenaka Ryosuke , Nozawa Yuki , Watanabe Yuichi , Imae Toshikazu , Abe Osamu
Published: February 2022

Background

The aim of this study was to clarify the association between intrafractional prostate shift and hydrogel spacer.

Methods

Thirty-eight patients who received definitive volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT)-stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for prostate cancer with prostate motion monitoring in our institution in 2018–2019 were retrospectively evaluated. In order to move the rectum away from the prostate, hydrogel spacer (SpaceOAR system, Boston Scientific, Marlborough, the United States) injection was proposed to the patients as an option in case of meeting the indication of use. We monitored intrafractional prostate motion by using a 4-dimensional (4D) transperineal ultrasound device: the Clarity 4D ultrasound system (Elekta AB). The deviation of the prostate was monitored in each direction: superior-inferior, left–right, and anterior–posterior. We also calculated the vector length. The maximum intrafractional displacement (MID) per fraction for each direction was detected and mean of MIDs was calculated per patient. The MIDs in the non-spacer group and the spacer group were compared using the unpaired t-test.

Results

We reviewed 33 fractions in eight patients as the spacer group and 148 fractions in 30 patients as the non-spacer group. The superior MID was 0.47 ± 0.07 (mean ± SE) mm versus 0.97 ± 0.24 mm (P = 0.014), the inferior MID was 1.07 ± 0.11 mm versus 1.03 ± 0.25 mm (P = 0.88), the left MID was 0.74 ± 0.08 mm versus 0.87 ± 0.27 mm (P = 0.55), the right MID was 0.67 ± 0.08 mm versus 0.92 ± 0.21 mm (P = 0.17), the anterior MID was 0.45 ± 0.06 mm versus 1.16 ± 0.35 mm (P = 0.0023), and the posterior MID was 1.57 ± 0.17 mm versus 1.37 ± 0.22 mm (P = 0.56) in the non-spacer group and the spacer group, respectively. The max of VL was 2.24 ± 0.19 mm versus 2.89 ± 0.62 mm (P = 0.19), respectively.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that maximum intrafractional prostate motion during VMAT-SBRT was larger in patients with hydrogel spacer injection in the superior and anterior directions. Since this difference seemed not to disturb the dosimetric advantage of the hydrogel spacer, we do not recommend routine avoidance of the hydrogel spacer use.
Are there reasons behind high Handrub consumption? A French National in-depth qualitative assessment
Authors: Berthod Delphine , Alvarez Dara , Perozziello Anne , Chabrol Fanny , Lucet Jean-Christophe
Published: February 2022

Background

Hand hygiene (HH) is the most important measure for preventing healthcare-associated infections. A significant correlation between alcohol-based handrub consumption (AHRC) and observed HH compliance rates has been established. In France, publicly reported AHRC displayed a large heterogeneity across healthcare facilities (HCFs). We aimed to describe programmes for promoting HH in the top and medium AHRC scorers and to assess factors and drivers leading to a high AHRC score in a panel of French HCFs.

Methods

We performed a nationwide qualitative comparative case study based on in-depth semi-structured interviews in 16 HCFs with high, 4-year AHRC scores, and a sample of seven university hospitals (UHs) with medium AHRC scores. Infection Prevention and Control Team (IPC) members (n = 62), quality managers/chief executive officers (n = 23) and frontline workers (n = 6) were interviewed, using a grounded theory approach and an iterative thematic approach.

Results

Ninety-one interviews were performed. There was a large heterogeneity in IPC structures and objectives, with specific patterns associated with high AHRC that were more organisational than technical. Four areas emerged: (1) strong cohesive team structure with supportive and outcome-oriented work attitude, (2) IPC structure within the organization, (3) active support from the institution, (4) leadership and role model. Among high AHRC scorers, a good core IPC organisation, a proactive and flexible management, a frequent presence in the clinical wards, and working in a constructive safety climate were prominent.

Conclusion

We highlighted that IPC structure and activity is heterogeneous, with organisational and behavioural characteristics associated with high AHRC score. Beyond technical challenge, our work underlines the importance of strong structure of the IPC and behavioural approaches in implementing key IPC programmes.
Low-dose radiation treatment for painful plantar enthesophyte: a highly effective therapy with little side effects
Authors: Djiepmo Freddy , Tamaskovics Bálint , Bölke Edwin , Peiper Matthias , Haussmann Jan , Neuwahl Judith , Jazmati Danny , Maas Kitti , Schmidt Livia , Gelzhäuser Roman , Schleich Christoph , Corradini Stefanie , Orth Klaus , van Griensven Martijn , Rezazadeh Amir , Karimi Kimia , Budach Wilfried , Matuschek Christiane
Published: February 2022

Aim

Plantar enthesophyte is a common degenerative disorder. Surgical and medical treatment options are associated with either poor outcome or high percentage of relapse. Observations have indicated a beneficial effect of radiation therapy. We therefore wanted to evaluate pain reduction using orthovolt or cobalt-based radiation treatment for painful plantar enthesophyte and determine long-term response as well as prognostic parameters in this condition.

Methods

We identified a total of 102 consecutive patients treated for a total of 117 symptomatic heel spurs. 59 patients were treated with cobalt radiation, 31 patients with orthovolt therapy and 12 patients with both radiation systems. Primary outcome measure was pain reduction being scored using the modified Rowe Score prior therapy, at the end of each treatment series as well as after 6 weeks. Secondary outcome measure was long-term outcome, evaluated in patients with a follow-up period of longer than 3 years.

Results

Before radiation therapy, 61 patients (60.4%) had a score of 0, significant strong pain. At the time of completion of radiation treatment, 3 patients (2.7%) were pain-free (score of 30), whereas 8 patients (7.9%) had still severe pain (score 0). 6 weeks after radiation therapy, 33 patients (32.7%) were pain-free and 8 patients (7.9%) had severe pain (score 0), while at the time data of collection, 74 patients (73%) were free of pain and 1 patient (1%) had strong pain (score 0). Duration of pain before the start of radiation treatment was a significant prognostic factor (p = 0.012) for response to treatment.

Conclusion

Radiotherapy of painful plantar enthesophyte is a highly effective therapy with little side effects providing long-term therapeutic response. The only significant prognostic parameter for response to treatment is the duration of pre-radiation therapy pain. Early integration of radiation therapy in the treatment seems to result in superior pain reduction.
Castanospermine suppresses CD44 ectodomain cleavage as revealed by transmembrane bioluminescent sensors
Authors: Noda Natsumi , Ozawa Takeaki
Published: February 2022

Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) is a single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein that is a widely distributed cell-surface adhesion molecule. CD44 undergoes ectodomain cleavage by membrane-associated metalloproteinases in breast cancer cells. Cleavage plays a critical role in cancer cell migration by mediating the interaction between CD44 and the extracellular matrix. To explore inhibitors of CD44 ectodomain cleavage, we developed two bioluminescent sensors for the detection of CD44 ectodomain cleavage. The sensors were designed as two-transmembrane proteins with split-luciferase fragments, one of which was cyclized by protein trans-splicing of a DnaE intein. These two sensors emit light by the cyclization or the spontaneous complementation of the luciferase fragments. The luminescence intensities decreased upon cleavage of the ectodomain in breast cancer cells. The sensors revealed that castanospermine, an α-glucosidase inhibitor, suppressed the ectodomain cleavage of endogenous CD44 in breast cancer cells. Castanospermine also inhibited breast cancer cell invasion. Thus, the sensors are beneficial tools for evaluating the effects of different inhibitors.
Simplified image acquisition and detection of ischemic and non-ischemic myocardial fibrosis with fixed short inversion time magnetic resonance late gadolinium enhancement
Authors: Polacin Malgorzata , Karolyi Mihaly , Blüthgen Christian , Pilz Nik , Eberhard Matthias , Alkadhi Hatem , Kozerke Sebastian , Manka Robert
Published: February 2022

Objectives

Late gadolinium enhancement with fixed short inversion time (LGEshort) provides excellent tissue contrast with dark scar and bright blood pool and does not need prior myocardial nulling. We hypothesize better visibility of ischemic scars and equal visibility of non-ischemic LGE in LGEshortcompared to clinically established LGE (LGEstandard).

Methods

LGEshortand LGEstandardwere retrospectively evaluated in 179 patients (3043 segments) with suspected or known coronary artery disease by four blinded readers (reader A: most experienced - D: least experienced). The amount of ischemic and non-ischemic LGE as well as visibility (4: very good – 1: poor) of ischemic LGE was visually assessed.

Results

All readers detected more infarcted segments in LGEshortcompared to LGEstandard(378 segments reported as infarcted; A:p = 0.5, B:p = 0.8, C,D:p = 0.03). Scar visibility was scored higher in LGEshortby all readers (A,B:p = 0.03; C,D:p = 0.02), especially for subendocardial infarcts (A,B:p = 0.04, C,D:p = 0.02). Less experienced readers detected significantly more infarcted papillary muscles (C:p = 0.02, D:p = 0.03) in a shorter reading time in LGEshort(C:p = 0.04, D:p = 0.02). Non-ischemic LGE was equally visible in both sequences (A:p = 0.9, B:p = 0.8, C,D:p = 0.6).

Conclusions

LGEshortdetects more ischemic LGE with improved scar visibility compared to LGEstandard, independent of experience level. The visibility of non-ischemic LGE is equivalent to LGEstandard. Less experienced readers can diagnose ischemic and non-ischemic LGE faster in LGEshort.

Advances in knowledge:

LGEshortwith its maximal operational simplicity can be used for visualization of all types of fibrosis – ischemic and non-ischemic – instead of LGEstandard, independent of experience level.
Темы-табу и темы-фавориты в воспоминаниях о принудительном переселении
Authors: Коваль-Фучило Ирина
Published: February 2022

Статья посвящена анализу популярных и табуированных, мало вербализированных тем, мотивов, сюжетов в воспоминаниях о принудительном переселении из зон затопления в результате строительства ГЭС в Украине (строительство велось в 1932–1978 годах на Днепре и в 1973–1981 годах на Днестре). Популярными темами являются идеализация потерянного места, рассказы о взаимопомощи, акцент на потере дома, земли, общины, могил, кладбищ, описание встреч переселенцев одной деревни. Малопопулярными темами являются рассказы о достижениях в результате переселения, о преимуществах и новых возможностях переселенцев. На подбор тем влияет выбранная стратегия самопрезентации, личный опыт рассказчика, актуальные настроения в обществе, в местной общине. Оценка переселения зависит также от возраста респондентов. Так, самым тяжелым это событие было для людей, которые в то время были среднего и старшего возраста, и которые были вынуждены разрушать свой дом, строить жилье на новом месте, привыкать к новым условиям. В рассказах людей, которые во время переселения были детьми, акценты несколько смещены, среди их любимых тем – рассказы о встречах бывших односельчан, размышления о целесообразности ГЭС, об экологическом ущербе вследствие этого строительства. Материал статьи – устные воспоминания о переселении, записанные в течение 2012–2019 годов в местах массового переселения людей из затопленных сел.
Etnofon. Jak udostępniać dokumentalne nagrania muzyki ludowej? Z Jackiem Jackowskim rozmawia Piotr Grochowski
Authors: Jackowski Jacek , Grochowski Piotr
Published: February 2022

Jacek Jackowski is a musician and ethnomusicologist, and the head of the Phonographic Collection at the Institute of Art of the Polish Academy of Sciences. He specializes in the conservation, digitization and archiving of old sound recordings. He is a field researcher and author of many academic articles on traditional, Catholic and folk religious culture associated with musical behaviours. He also published numerous articles and books on early folk music recordings and their digitization (Zachować dawne nagrania, Warszawa 2014; Polska muzyka tradycyjna – dziedzictwo fonograficzne, t. 1, Warszawa 2017; t. 2, Warszawa 2019), as well as 17 CD albums of folk songs and music from Kashubia, Kurpie, Podhale, Łowicz, Orava, South Wielkopolska and many other regions of Poland. Since 2014 he has been managing the Etnofon project, the goal of which is to create, develop and maintain a central digital repository of documentary phonographic and film recordings capturing Polish traditional songs and music as well as folk dance.
Etnografia mistyczna
Authors: Madyda Aleksander
Published: February 2022

Recenzja: Adriana Świątek, Huculskie peregrynacje weselne. Obrzęd weselny jako widowisko kulturowe, Instytut Teatralny im. Zbigniewa Raszewskiego, Akademia Sztuk Teatralnych im. Stanisława Wyspiańskiego, Warszawa-Kraków 2020.
A Logic for a Critical Attitude?
Authors: Boem Federico , Bonzio Stefano
Published: February 2022

Individuating the logic of scientific discovery appears a hopeless enterprise. Less hopeless is trying to figure out a logical way to model the epistemic attitude distinguishing the practice of scientists. In this paper, we claim that classical logic cannot play such a descriptive role. We propose, instead, one of the three-valued logics in the Kleene family that is often classified as the less attractive one, namely Hallden’s logic. By providing it with an appropriate epistemic interpretation, we can informally model the scientific attitude.
The Management of Acute Onset Complete Heart Block and Atrial Flutter in a Patient with COVID-19
Authors: Hussain Murtaza , Awuah Dominic , Deliwala Smit , Alkotob Luay , Seedahmed Elfateh , Bachuwa Ghassan
Published: February 2022

SARS-CoV-2 has infected millions of people worldwide. Its cardiac presentations include myocarditis, arrhythmias and structural heart changes even in young and healthy individuals. The long-term sequelae of these manifestations are unknown. We describe a unique combination of complete heart block and atrial flutter in the setting of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 virulence mechanisms can cause fibrosis in the myocardium resulting in loss of sinus node dominance. The paradoxical finding of atrial flutter and complete heart block is very rare. Prompt cardiac evaluation and electrophysiological testing are important. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) and endomyocardial biopsies are the gold standard investigations. Anticoagulation should be administered until atrioventricular synchrony is achieved.
Magnetohydrodynamic and Ferrohydrodynamic Interactions on the Biomagnetic Flow and Heat Transfer Containing Magnetic Particles Along a Stretched Cylinder
Authors: Alam Jahangir , Murtaza M. G. , Tzirtzilakis Efstratios , Ferdows Mohammad
Published: February 2022

In this paper, the laminar, incompressible and viscous flow of a biomagnetic fluid containing Fe33O44 magnetic particles, through a two dimensional stretched cylinder is numerically studied in the presence of a magnetic dipole. The extended formulation of Biomagnetic Fluid Dynamics (BFD) which involves the principles of MagnetoHydroDynamic (MHD) and FerroHydroDynamic (FHD) is adopted. The pressure terms are also taken consideration. The physical problem which is described by a coupled system of partial differential equations along with corresponding boundary conditions is converted to a coupled system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations subject to analogous boundary conditions utilizing similarity approach. The numerical solution is obtained by using an efficient technique which is based on a common finite difference method with central differencing, a tridigonal matrix manipulation and an iterative procedure. For verification proposes a comparison with previously published results is also made. The numerous results concerning the axial velocity, temperature, pressure, skin friction coefficient, rate of heat transfer and wall pressure parameter are presented for various values of the parameters. The axial velocity is decreased as the ferromagnetic number increases, temperature is enhanced with increasing values of the magnetic parameter.
How should we secure the cystic duct during laparoscopic cholecystectomy? A UK-wide survey of clinical practice and systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis
Authors: Arkle T , Lam S , Toogood G , Kumar B
Published: February 2022

Introduction

It is currently unknown which method of cystic duct closure is most effective at reducing the risk of bile leak after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The aims of this work were to determine the most common closure methods used in the UK and review available evidence on which method has the lowest risk of bile leak.

Methods

We conducted an online survey through the Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons (AUGIS). We also undertook a systematic review using PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library for studies that compared different methods for cystic duct occlusion and reported postoperative bile leak.

Findings

There was significant variation in practice between consultant surgeons. For routine laparoscopic cholecystectomy metal clips were used most (64%) followed by locking polymer clips (33%) and suture ties (3%). In cases of a dilated cystic duct, preferences were locking polymer clips (60%), suture ties (30%) and metal clips (5%). We included six studies in our review with a total of 8,011 patients. Metal clips were associated with an increased odds of bile leak compared with locking polymer clips (OR 5.66, 95% CI 1.13–28.41, p=0.04) or suture ties (OR 4.17, 95% CI 0.72–24.31, p=0.12). Most studies were retrospective, unlikely to be adequately powered, and vulnerable to selection bias.

Conclusions

Limited available evidence suggests that metal clips have the highest risk of bile leak, but results are not strong enough to recommend a change in current clinical practice. A trial is now required to determine the best method of cystic duct closure.
Line contact ring magnetorheological finishing process for precision polishing of optics
Authors: Kumar Baghel Prabhat , Singh Gavel Khushwant , Sayeed Khan Gufran , Kumar Raj
Published: February 2022

A line contact ring magnetorheological finishing (RMRF) process is conceptualized and developed for the finishing of precision optical surfaces. This tool is analogous to the cup wheel tool widely used in the optical industry for forming and fine grinding but semi-rigid in nature, thus removing high irregularities preferentially. This paper presents detailed simulations of the development of the new, to the best of our knowledge, RMRF tool and its experimental use and suitability in the polishing process. The line contact interaction between the workpiece and magnetorheological fluid present in the annular region is responsible for the finishing mechanism. The material removal rate and influence function of the RMRF process were calculated, which is essential and used for corrective polishing. The volumetric material removal rate was

0.0010406

m
m

3

/

min

with surface roughness of 5.94 nm; however, it can be increased with optimization of machine parameters such as gap, tool rotation, current, etc. Using this RMRF process, a polishing experiment was done over an NBK-7 glass workpiece of 40 mm aperture having 70 mm radius of curvature. Surface roughness improved down to 7 nm from 28.5 nm, and figure error improved down to 295 nm from 849 nm after four cycles of polishing. This investigation demonstrates the suitability of the RMRF process for precision polishing technology for glass optics.
2D least-squares mode decomposition for mode division multiplexing
Authors: Anisimov Pavel S. , Zemlyakov Viacheslav V. , Gao Jiexing
Published: February 2022

We investigate a fast and accurate technique for mode decomposition in multimode optical fibers. Initial decomposition task of near-field beam patterns is reformulated in terms of a system of linear equations, requires neither machine learning nor iterative routines. We apply the method to step and graded-index fibers and compare the decomposition performance. We determine corresponding application boundaries, propose an efficient algorithm for phase retrieval and carry out a specific preselective procedure that increases the number of decomposable modes and makes it possible to handle up to fifteen modes in presence of realistic noise levels.
Soda-lime glass as biocompatible material to fabricate capillary-model devices by laser technologies
Authors: Aymerich M. , Vázquez de Aldana J. R. , Canteli D. , Molpeceres C. , Alvarez E. , Almengló C. , Flores-Arias M. T.
Published: February 2022

Microfluidic devices have been widely developed in the last decades because of the huge number of fields where they can be applied. Among all the different fabrication techniques available, laser direct writing stands out since it is a fast, accurate, versatile and non-contact method. It is particularly well-suited when working with glass, a robust and cost-efficient material. These laser advantages allow the direct fabrication of not only high quality single microchannel devices but also complex and bifurcated structures. This work establishes a roadmap for manufacturing capillary-model devices with good biocompability in soda-lime glass substrates with pulsed lasers operating in the nanosecond, picosecond and femtosecond temporal range. We determine the optimal laser parameters required for fabricating channels with a diameter:depth rate of 2:1, keeping a semi-circular section. The presence of tin doping (∼2%) in the soda-lime glass is shown to enable the fabrication with nanosecond pulses, and to improve the quality of the channels, reducing the cracking at the sides, when picosecond or femtosecond pulses were used. On the other hand, two regimes of surface roughness are found: a low roughness regime for channels fabricated with nanosecond lasers and a high roughness regime for those fabricated with pico and femtosecond lasers. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) are employed for cell culturing for evaluating the biocompatibility of the channels. Structures manufactured with the nanosecond laser resulted more suitable in terms of cell adhesion than those fabricated with the picosecond and femtosecond lasers, due to the different surface roughness regimes obtained. In order to increase the biocompatibility of the channels fabricated with pico and femtosecond lasers and to improve the cell growth, a controlled post-thermal treatment is carried out for smoothing the surface.
Non-reciprocal parity-time symmetry breaking based on magneto-optical and gain/loss double ring resonators
Authors: Kawaguchi Yuma , Alù Andrea , Khanikaev Alexander B.
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we explore the operation of a nonreciprocal non-Hermitian system consisting of a lossy magneto-optical ring resonator coupled to another ring resonator with gain and loss, and we demonstrate that such a system can exhibit non-reciprocity-based broken parity-time (PT) symmetry and supports one-way exceptional points. The nonreciprocal PT-phase transition is analyzed with the use of both analytical tools based on coupled-mode theory and two-dimensional finite element method simulations. Our calculations show that the response of the system strongly depends on the regime of operation – broken or preserved PT-symmetry. This response is leveraged to show that the system can operate as an optical isolator or a one-way laser with functionality tuned by adjusting loss/gain in the second ring resonator. The proposed system can thus be promising for device applications such as magnetically or even optically switchable non-reciprocal devices and one-way micro-ring lasers.
Tunable distributed sensing performance in Ca-based nanoparticle-doped optical fibers
Authors: Fuertes Victor , Grégoire Nicolas , Morency Steeve , Gagnon Stéphane , Ledemi Yannick , LaRochelle Sophie , Messaddeq Younès
Published: February 2022

Rayleigh scattering enhanced nanoparticle-doped optical fibers is a technology very promising for distributed sensing applications, however, it remains largely unexplored. This work demonstrates for the first time the possibility of tuning Rayleigh scattering and optical losses in Ca-based nanoparticle-doped silica optical fibers by controlling the kinetics of the re-nucleation process that nanoparticles undergo during fiber drawing by controlling preform feed, drawing speed and temperature. A 3D study by SEM, FIB-SEM and optical backscatter reflectometry (OBR) reveals an early-time kinetics at 1870 °C, with tunable Rayleigh scattering enhancement 43.2–47.4 dB, regarding a long-haul single mode fiber, SMF-28, and associated sensing lengths of 3–5.5 m. At 2065 °C, kinetics is slower and nanoparticle dissolution is favored. Consequently, enhanced scattering values of 24.9–26.9 dB/m and sensing lengths of 135–250 m are attained. Finally, thermal stability above 500 °C and tunable distributed temperature sensitivity are proved, from 18.6 pm/°C to 23.9 pm/°C, ∼1.9–2.4 times larger than in a SMF-28. These results show the promising future of Rayleigh scattering enhanced nanoparticle-doped optical fibers for distributed sensing.
Measles containing vaccine coverage and factors associated with its uptake among children aged 24–59 months in Cherangany Sub County, Trans Nzoia County, Kenya
Authors: Mamuti Stella , Tabu Collins , Marete Irene , Opili Davies , Jalang’o Rose , Abade Ahmed
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Measles is a vaccine-preventable disease whose elimination depends on the measles-containing vaccine (MCV) coverage of ≥95% in the population. In 2020, Kenya reported 597 cases, an increase of 158 cases from those reported in 2019. This study aimed to estimate the measles vaccine coverage and factors associated with its uptake in Cherangany Sub County.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study using cluster sampling in the Cherangany Sub County of Trans Nzoia County in May 2021. We enrolled eligible children aged between 24–59 months and interviewed their caregivers using a structured questionnaire. We conducted descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. We used Prevalence Odds Ratio (POR) at bivariate and adjusted POR (aPOR) at multivariate with their corresponding 95% confidence interval as the measure of association. We regarded the variables with a p-value of less <0.05 at the multivariate level as independently associated with immunization status.

Results

We recruited 536 eligible children. The median age of the participants was 39 months (Interquartile Range 31–50). The coverage was 96.6% (518/536) for MCV dose one (MCV 1), and 56.2% (301/536) MCV dose two (MCV 2). At the bivariate level, family monthly income (POR 2.32, 95% CI 1.14–4.72), child vaccination status for other scheduled vaccines (POR 0.21, 95% CI 0.07–0.66), caregiver’s level of education (POR = 1.82, 95% CI 1.29–2.57), knowledge of the vaccine-preventable diseases (POR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.38–0.80), and knowledge of the number of MCV scheduled doses (POR = 0.13, 95% CI 0.09–0.02) were significantly associated with MCV uptake. The Caregiver’s knowledge on the number of MCV scheduled doses (POR = 5.73, 95% CI 3.48–9.45) and children whose birth order was ≤5th born (POR = 0.5, 95% CI 0.22–0.95) were significantly associated with MCV uptake at the multivariate analysis.

Conclusion

The MCV 2 coverage was lower than the WHO recommended ≥ 95%. Lack of knowledge of the number of MCV scheduled doses and the child’s birth order in the family are factors associated with not being fully vaccinated against measles.

Recommendation

There is a need to strengthen the defaulter tracing system to follow up the children who default after receiving MCV 1, focusing interventions on the identified factors.
Protocol for chronic hepatitis B virus infection mouse model development by patient-derived orthotopic xenografts
Authors: Nagornykh Aleksey M. , Tyumentseva Marina A. , Tyumentsev Aleksandr I. , Akimkin Vasiliy G.
Published: February 2022

Background

According to the World Health Organization, more than 250 million people worldwide are chronically infected with the hepatitis B virus, and almost 800.000 patients die annually of mediated liver disorders. Therefore, adequate biological test systems are needed that could fully simulate the course of chronic hepatitis B virus infection, including in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Methods

In this study, we will assess the effectiveness of existing protocols for isolation and cultivation of primary cells derived from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in terms of the yield of viable cells and their ability to replicate the hepatitis B virus using isolation and cultivation methods for adhesive primary cells, flow cytometry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Another part of our study will be devoted to evaluating the effectiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma grafting methods to obtain patient-derived heterotopic and orthotopic xenograft mouse avatars using animal X-ray irradiation and surgery procedures and in vivo fluorescent signals visualization and measurements. Our study will be completed by histological methods.

Discussion

This will be the first extensive comparative study of the main modern methods and protocols for isolation and cultivation primary hepatocellular carcinoma cells and tumor engraftment to the mice. All protocols will be optimized and characterized using the: (1) efficiency of the method for isolation cells from removed hepatocellular carcinoma in terms of their quantity and viability; (2) efficiency of the primary cell cultivation protocol in terms of the rate of monolayer formation and hepatitis B virus replication; (3) efficiency of the grafting method in terms of the growth rate and the possibility of hepatitis B virus persistence and replication in mice. The most effective methods will be recommended for use in translational biomedical research.
Impact of organizational culture, occupational commitment and industry-academy cooperation on vocational education in China: Cross-sectional Hierarchical Linear Modeling analysis
Authors: Lv Yang , Wu Min , Shouse Roger C.
Published: February 2022

At a time when vocational education is seen as critical for national development, concern grows regarding how weak organizational culture and occupational commitment may threaten the production of quality graduates and teachers within the field. The failure of vocational institutions to effectively create human capital likely threatens the connections between Chinese industry and its educational institutions. This study thus explores how these connections are influenced by organizational and occupational factors. A multi-layer linear model is employed on data collected from 406 teachers from 69 Chinese vocational colleges and universities. Results suggest that organizational cultural positively influences industry-university cooperative behavior through the construction of strong occupational commitment and job involvement. This study not only enriches and expands new knowledge and academic perspectives, but also provides feasible policy suggestions to help guide educational administrators toward the improvement of vocational education.
Network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking to unveil the potential mechanisms of San-Huang-Chai-Zhu formula treating cholestasis
Authors: Liu Binbin , Zhang Jie , Shao Lu , Yao Jiaming
Published: February 2022

Objective

Chinese medicine formulae possess the potential for cholestasis treatment. This study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of San-Huang-Chai-Zhu formula (SHCZF) against cholestasis.

Methods

The major chemical compounds of SHCZF were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography. The bioactive compounds and targets of SHCZF, and cholestasis-related targets were obtained from public databases. Intersected targets of SHCZF and cholestasis were visualized by Venn diagram. The protein-protein interaction and compound-target networks were established by Cytoscape according to the STRING database. The biological functions and pathways of potential targets were characterized by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis. The biological process-target-pathway network was constructed by Cytoscape. Finally, the interactions between biological compounds and hub target proteins were validated via molecular docking.

Results

There 7 major chemical compounds in SHCZF. A total of 141 bioactive compounds and 83 potential targets were screened for SHCZF against cholestasis. The process of SHCZF against cholestasis was mainly involved in AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, and drug metabolism-cytochrome P450. ALB, IL6, AKT1, TP53, TNF, MAPK3, APOE, IL1B, PPARG, and PPARA were the top 10 hub targets. Molecular docking showed that bioactive compounds of SHCZF had a good binding affinity with hub targets.

Conclusions

This study predicted that the mechanisms of SHCZF against cholestasis mainly involved in AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, and drug metabolism-cytochrome P450. Moreover, APOE, AKT1, and TP53 were the critical hub targets for bioactive compounds of SHCZF.
Parasitofauna and current status of anthelmintic resistance in Latvian sheep farms
Authors: Keidāne Dace , Kļaviņa Alīna , Bergmane Marta Barbara , Kovaļčuka Līga
Published: February 2022

Background and Aim: Parasitic invasions, especially gastrointestinal nematodes, are widespread and are one of the main problems in sheep farms. For this reason, sheep are dewormed more often than other livestock species, often several times a year. Concerns about antiparasitic resistance from the farmers and veterinarians have arisen because, on some farms, antiparasitic drugs are used routinely for very long periods. There are no data available on anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep in Latvia. Our work aimed to determine the most common endoparasites in sheep and the degree of anthelmintic resistance on sheep farms in Latvia.

Materials and Methods: All sheep (577) underwent a coprological examination before the start of the study, and only sheep diagnosed with more than 200 McMaster eggs per gram of feces were included in the study. A fecal egg count reduction (FECR) test was performed on 20 sheep flocks in Latvia.

Results: In Latvia, sheep were most commonly infected with Eimeria spp. 97% (confidence interval [CI] 95% 96-98). The second most commonly diagnosed species were Trichostrongylidae 91% (CI 95% 89-93) and Strongyloides spp. 76% (CI 95%, 72-79). The ivermectin (IVM) FECR was 0.74% (0.73-0.74), showing resistance in all sheep farms included in this study. Albendazole (ABZ) FECR 0.89% (0.88-0.89) was effective.

Conclusion: This study showed that the most popular deworming drugs (ivermectin, albendazole) in Latvia are ineffective in sheep. Additional studies on the use of IVM+ABZ combinations for deworming sheep should be performed.
Hydrodynamic Conditions of the Banda and Northern Arafura Seas in the Northwest Monsoon (Februay2014)
Authors: Basit Abdul , Mulyadi Hanung Agus , Pitriana Pipit , Putri Mutiara Rachmat , Mayer Bernhard , Pohlmann Thomas
Published: February 2022

The physical and hydrodynamic conditions in the Banda and Northern Arafura Seas (BAS) during northwest monsoon (February 2014) were investigated using a three-dimensional baroclinic nonlinear numerical model—the Hamburg Shelf Ocean Model (HAMSOM). This study found that northwesterly winds induced eastward surface currents that transported relatively fresh water from the Flores Sea to the Arafura Sea via the Banda Sea. It was also found that the westerly surface currents carried relatively cold water induced by upwelling along the northern coast of the Lesser Sunda Islands. Furthermore, the simulation results revealed that relatively saline surface water from the Indian Ocean intruding through the Ombai Strait and Timor Passage contributed to the surface water of the Eastern Banda Sea and Aru Basin being more saline than the surrounding water. Part of the surface water sank as a result of downwelling in the Arafura Sea. The BAS had higher salinity than the Makassar Strait at a depth of 75 –300m. The simulation results suggested that the higher salinity was due to the influence of the South Pacific Subtropical Water (SPSW) that entered the Indonesian Seas primarily through the Halmahera Sea.
A mélyinterjú készítése – és az elkövethető hibák forrásai
Authors: Heltai Erzsébet , Tarjányi József
Published: February 2022

Feladatunk végrehajtásához először is meg kell nyerünk a kiszemelt alanyt, hogy hajlandó legyen velünk beszélgetni. A kérdezendő megnyerése az interjúra nem jelent semmiféle ördöngösséget. Mindennapos eset, hogy emberek beszélgetnek. Igen gyakran látható élvezettel teszik ezt. Hogy jobban megismerjék a másikat, hogy magukról beszélhessenek, hogy ne érezzék magukat egyedül. Teljesen emberi szükséglet tehát a beszélgetés. Hiánya patologikus, beteges tüneteket idéz elő. Pszichiáterek beszéltetéssel gyógyítanak. De, hogy ne menjek túl messzire, saját kérdezői gyakorlatunkban nemegyszer tapasztaltuk, hogy az alaposan kibeszéltetett alany megkönnyebbül, derűs lesz, és igen hálás, amiért meghallgattuk. Ezek a körülmények teszik a kérdező helyét egyszerűvé, hisz nincs más gondja, csak barátságosan odamegy a kérdezendő emberhez, közli, hogy elbeszélgetne vele egy kicsit, jelzi érdeklődését iránta, és biztosítja, hogy érdekes élményben lesz része. Ez általában célravezető. A kérdezendő igyekszik a kérdező segítségével ki-alakítani a beszélgetéshez szükséges helyzetet. Együtt döntik el, hova üljenek, hogy kényelmes legyen, ne zavarják őket, hogy tehát a szituáció az interjú céljainak megfeleljen
A szignifikanciatesztek retorikája
Authors: McCloskey Deirdre N.
Published: February 2022

A szignifikanciatesztek retorikájának történeti alakulására visszatekintve látjuk, hogy a közgazdászok (az orvostudományokkal, a szociometriával, a pszichometriával, a politikai tudományokkal, valamint az oktatással foglalkozók) utat tévesztettek. A statisztikai szignifikancia nem megfelelő használata részben a nevében rejlő retorikából ered. Ez azt sugallja, hogy nekünk, komoly tudósoknak mindenekelőtt a „szignifikáns” együtthatókkal kell foglalkoznunk: mi, akik nagyszerűek és kiválóak vagyunk, nem akarhatjuk trivialitásokra pazarolni az időnket. A brit statisztikai tradíciónak gyermekkorában Karl Pearson, ifjúkorában pedig R. A. Fisher volt a vezéregyénisége. Mindkettőjüknek, de főleg Fishernek megvolt az a képessége, hogy nevet adjon elképzeléseinek.
Kvantitatív és kvalitatív módszerek összekapcsolása
Authors: Bryman Alan
Published: February 2022

Egy kívülálló szemszögéből a kvantitatív és kvalitatív kutatásról folytatott, meglehetősen egyoldalú vita kissé abszurdnak tűnhet. Számára valószínűleg kézenfekvő megoldás volna a két megközelítés ötvözése úgy, hogy mindkettő erősségei megfelelőképpen érvényesüljenek. Ezt a lépést sokkal inkább a vita egyfajta technikai verziója engedélyezhetné, amely kevésbé kötődik ahhoz az állásponthoz, miszerint a két tradíció ismeretelméleti értelemben vall ellentétes nézeteket a társadalomtudományok területén végzett kutatások menetéről. Jelen fejezetben leginkább azzal foglalkozunk, hogy miként lehet a kvalitatív és a kvantitatív kutatási módszereket összekapcsolni, illetve összekapcsolásukra milyen korábbi példákat említhetünk. (...)
A fókuszált interjú
Authors: Merton Robert K. , Fiske Marjorie , Kendall Patricia L.
Published: February 2022

Jelen kötetben a szerzőhármas könyvének részleteit a korábbi magyar kiadás alapján adjuk közre. A válogatásba az első fejezet („Célok és kritériumok”) illetve a hetedik fejezet („A csoportos interjú”) oldalai kerültek. A kötet többi része a fókuszcsoportos és a kétszemélyes fókuszált interjúval egyszerre foglalkozik. A teljes kötet a következő fejezetekből áll: 1. Célok és kritériumok (a fókuszált interjú természete, felhasználása, kritériumai) 2. Retrospekció (a részletek jelentősége, részletes beszámoló előmozdítása retrospekcióval) 3. Kiterjedés (a kiterjedés felmérése, kérdezői hibák és javasolt eljárások) 4. Specifikus beszámolók (a specifikáció folyamata, funkciói, eljárások) 5. Intenzitás (az intenzitás fogalma, funkciói, eljárások) 6. Személyes kontextus (fogalma, típusai, jelentősége, eljárások) 7. A csoportos interjú (megtervezése, előnyei és hátrányai, eljárások) 8. Válogatott problémák (az interjú megkezdése, érzelemnyilvánítás, visszakérdezés kezelése
Enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) en niños y adolescentes: un estudio multicéntrico
Authors: Mendivelso Duarte Fredy Orlando , Moreno Gómez Jairo Enrique , González González Deisy Johana , Mosquera Martínez Martha Liliana , Rivera Martínez Humberto , Rodríguez Bedoya Milena
Published: February 2022

Antecedentes: El primer caso de la enfermedad del nuevo coronavirus de 2019 (COVID-19) se confirmó el 6 de marzo de 2020. Existen ya más de 2.2 millones de infectados en Colombia. El análisis de COVID-19 en niños aún es limitado. Objetivos: Identificar las características clínicas, epidemiológicas y los patrones de transmisión de los pacientes pediátricos con COVID-19 en Colombia. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo de cohorte con 4 469 pacientes de 0 a 17 años que consultaron por signos y síntomas compatibles con infección por SARS-CoV-2 en urgencias de ocho instituciones en tres ciudades de Colombia. Los casos fueron confirmados mediante RT-PCR o prueba de antígeno positiva. Las curvas epidémicas se construyeron por fecha de diagnóstico. Estadísticos descriptivos y pruebas no paramétricas se utilizaron para analizar características clínicas, antecedentes patológicos, riesgo epidemiológico y desenlaces relevantes. Valores de p <0.05 fueron considerados estadísticamente significativos. Resultados: Se identificaron 602 (13.5 %) casos confirmados por laboratorio y comparados con la población general representaron el 5.1 % de los casos. La mediana de edad de todos los pacientes fue 3 años (rango intercuartílico: 1-9 años) y el tiempo de evolución hasta el diagnóstico fue 2 días (rango: 1 a 3 días). La mayor incidencia de casos ocurrió en julio y diciembre. El 15.61 % de los niños confirmados tenían enfermedades preexistentes y la tasa de mortalidad en la cohorte fue 0.3 %. Conclusiones: Los niños de cualquier edad son susceptibles al COVID-19 pero en general, su evolución es más leve que en adultos y las muertes fueron raras.
COVID-19 en niños hospitalizados: experiencia de un hospital pediátrico colombiano
Authors: Londoño Juan Pablo , Marin Castro Alejandra Soledad , Albarracin Bohorquez Juan David , Baquero Castañeda Olga Lucia , Diaz Nuñez Claudia Alejandra , Gutierrez Tobar Ivan Felipe
Published: February 2022

Introducción: el COVID-19 en la edad pediátrica se describe con menor severidad, aunque la literatura en este grupo etario es limitada, principalmente en el contexto local. El presente estudio describe las características sociodemográficas, clínicas y desenlaces de los pacientes menores de 18 años hospitalizados con diagnóstico confirmado de COVID-19. Metodos: estudio observacional, descriptivo, de tipo cohorte retrospectiva en pacientes pediátricos diagnosticados con SARS-CoV-2 hospitalizados en la Clínica Infantil Colsubsidio en la ciudad de Bogotá, Colombia durante el periodo transcurrido entre marzo del 2020 y abril del 2021. Resultados: se incluyeron 230 pacientes, con dos picos epidemiológicos: agosto de 2 020 y abril de 2 021; Hubo predominio del género masculino (57.4 %) y la edad menor de 2 años. Los principales síntomas fueron tos (60 %), congestión nasal (33.9 %) y diarrea (22.2 %). La estancia media fue de 7.8 días (DS: 13.9 días) y el 25.2 % requirió manejo en UCIP. El 60 % de los casos presentaron linfopenia y trombocitopenia. El principal hallazgo en la radiografía de tórax fue el engrosamiento peribronquial. El 25.2 % (n=58) recibió esteroides y el 5.2 % (n=12) inmunoglobulina en el contexto de Síndrome Inflamatorio Mulstisistémico Temporalmente Asociado a COVID19 (SIMS-TAC). El 38.3 % tuvo manejo antibiótico por sospecha de coinfección bacteriana. La mortalidad fue del 2.2 %.Conclusión: el COVID-19 en niños tiene particularidades en comparación con los adultos, en nuestro estudio se evidenció mayor severidad a menor rango de edad, predominio del género masculino y una tasa de mortalidad menor a la de los adultos hospitalizados. Se requieren más estudios de contexto local.
reforma agrária nas interfaces de Ignácio Rangel e Caio Padro Júnior
Authors: Souza Andre Luiz de
Published: February 2022

Desde meados do século XX, a questão agrária e a reforma agrária estão no centro dos debates das reformas sociais e econômicas relacionadas aos trabalhadores do campo. Nessa direção, este texto tem como escopo revisitar a questão agrária brasileira e a reforma agrária, articulando as análises de Ignácio Rangel e Caio Padro Junior, autores que se debruçaram sobre o tema proposto. Embora os autores tenham bases teóricas e interpretações diferenciadas, apresentam um projeto de transformação do rural brasileiro; essa transformação ainda é necessária na atual condição política e econômica brasileira. A partir de uma revisão bibliográfica desses dois autores, além de pesquisadores correlatos, é possível destacar que a reforma agrária se faz necessária na atualidade, mas requer políticas públicas adequadas para a sua realização, com vistas a amenizar as mazelas existentes na sociedade brasileira.
movimento de mulheres camponesas e a construção dos conhecimentos
Authors: Rocha Gadelha Renata
Published: February 2022

A partir da história de vida e da observação participante e não participante, esta pesquisa foi realizada com cinco camponesas do oeste catarinense. O objetivo foi identificar as transformações econômicas e culturais nas trajetórias de vida dessas mulheres e como as mesmas impactaram na construção de seus conhecimentos e manejo agrícola. Partindo do contexto de suas infâncias, as transformações com a chegada da Revolução Verde e, posteriormente, as modificações com a participação das mesmas no Movimento de Mulheres Camponesas (MMC). A pesquisa revelou que o MMC, através de suas lutas, contribui para a conquista de condições materiais e simbólicas que permitem a permanência da mulher no campo e a reconquista de sua autonomia na construção de seus conhecimentos.
Excess of Resilience
Authors: Lanzi Diego
Published: February 2022

In our times, resilience is the cornerstone of important public policies and a widely fashionable term. While several contributions have discussed what resilience is, and its normativity as a political and moral value, no papers have dealt with the possibility of excess of resilience. Therefore, in what follows, we present an economic interpretation of the idea of excessive resilience based on a precise market analogy. This Walras analogy permits us to discuss concepts of stability, robustness and anti-fragility, and to put them in relation with what being resilient means.