bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maintenance of periodontal health during adult orthodontic treatment
Authors: Feştilă D. , Ciobotaru C. D. , Condurache P. , Kahane L. , Şimon Colceriu I. , Chiş A. , Suciu T. , Ghergie M.
Published: November 2024

In dental medicine, preventive measures combined with both classic and aesthetic orthodontics appliances resulted in an increase of adult patients seeking orthodontic treatment to improve their appearance and social acceptance as well as function and oral health. Adult patients bring distinctive characteristics like tooth mobility and periodontal disease that might interfere with the treatment and call for a multidisciplinary approach. This observational study aimed to evaluate the degree of collaboration with periodontologists and the approach implemented by orthodontists in periodontal affected patients. Material and methods: A questionnaire was designed and electronically submitted to orthodontic specialists and postgraduates in orthodontics from Romania. The answers gathered were compared to current literature on the topic. Conclusion: An interdisciplinary treatment of orthodontic and periodontal therapies is effective for adult patients with periodontal disease as long as the periodontium is healthy, and hygiene well maintained throughout treatment with orthodontic appliances.
Digitalisasyon ng Paggawa, Digitalisasyon ng Pagsasamantala: Panimulang pag-aaral sa mga manggagawa sa gig economy sa Pilipinas
Authors:   Ecumenical Institute for Labor Education and Research (EILER), Porras Rochelle , Sandrino Iggy ,   Ecumenical Institute for Labor Education and Research (EILER), Putong Orly ,   Ecumenical Institute for Labor Education and Research (EILER), Felicia Mandy ,   Ecumenical Institute for Labor Education and Research (EILER)
Published: November 2024

Ang artikulong ito ay hango sa nagpapatuloy na pananaliksik ng EILER Inc. sa Kalagayan ng mga Manggagawa sa TNVS at sa kabuuang pagsisikap ng institusyon para mag-ambag sa edukasyon at organisasyon ng mga manggagawa sa sinasabing bagong larangan sa ekonomya tulad ng gig economy. Ang ilang bahagi ng pananaliksik ay nasa online platform ng Digital Justice at may pamagat na Digitization of Exploitation - Study on the platform workers in the gig economy in the PH: A thematic case study presented by the Ecumenical Institute for Labor Education and Research together with the Computer Professionals’ Union and World Association for Christian Communication. Patuloy na nagsasagawa ang EILER ng ganitong mga pananailiksik kasabay ng bukas nitong paanyaya sa mga faculty, istudyante at iba pa sa akademya na makibahagi sa mga gawain ng EILER.
Knowledge and attitude about COVID-19 and importance of diet A cross-sectional study among Bangladeshi people
Authors: Biswas Bipul
Published: November 2024

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact worldwide, including in Bangladesh, where understanding public knowledge and attitudes towards the virus and the role of diet is crucial. This study focuses on young adults aged 15 to 30 years to assess their awareness and practices regarding COVID-19 and dietary habits. Objective: The objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of young Bangladeshi individuals towards COVID-19 and the importance of diet in boosting immunity. Methods: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted multi-center base in Bangladesh, among 1285 young adults, focusing on demographic information, awareness of COVID-19, sources of information, travel history, contact with infected individuals, symptoms, existing health conditions, knowledge about transmission and prevention of COVID-19, dietary habits, and use of supplements. Results: The study found that 97% of respondents were aware of the coronavirus outbreak, with media being the primary source of information (68%). 43% had traveled internationally since December 2019, and 23% had been in contact with a COVID-19 positive person. 72% reported changing their dietary habits to boost immunity, with a focus on Vitamin C-rich foods (62%), hot water with ginger (58%), and regular garlic intake (52%). Additionally, 38% had used supplements to prevent COVID-19. Conclusions: The study highlights the high awareness among young Bangladeshi individuals regarding COVID-19 and their efforts to enhance immunity through dietary modifications and supplements. Public health campaigns should focus on accurate information dissemination and promotion of healthy dietary practices.
Dietary Patterns and Breast Cancer Susceptibility An Age-Tailored Case-Control Analysis
Authors: Chowdhury Aurpita Sabitry
Published: November 2024

Background: Breast cancer is a significant global health challenge, requiring in-depth analysis of diverse dietary and lifestyle factors. This study explores these complexities across age groups to better understand associated risks. Objectives: This study examines breast cancer risk by analyzing specific dietary elements like rice, bread, vegetables, and fruits, and lifestyle factors including alcohol, drug use, and smoking across different age groups. Methods: A case-control study was conducted, analyzing dietary habits across different age groups. The study included 220 breast cancer patients and 59 healthy controls. Data were collected on the consumption of various foods, including white and brown rice, white and brown bread, vegetables, fruits, and oils, with statistical analyses performed to assess associations with breast cancer risk. Results: The analysis revealed significant differences in dietary patterns between the breast cancer and control groups. Notably, 37.27% of breast cancer patients aged 31-40 reported consuming white rice, compared to only 8.47% in the control group. Additionally, white bread consumption was higher in the breast cancer group (36.82%) compared to controls (8.47%). Conversely, brown rice and bread consumption were significantly lower among breast cancer patients. Vegetable consumption was also lower in the breast cancer group, with 37.27% in the 31-40 age group versus 32.20% in controls. Oil consumption patterns further highlighted disparities, with soybean oil intake being higher in the breast cancer group (35.00%) compared to controls (6.78%). Conclusion: This study reveals intricate links between breast cancer and dietary patterns, emphasizing the need for personalized public health strategies promoting balanced nutrition and healthier lifestyles to mitigate risk.
Varetægtsfængsling og virkelighed
Authors: Nielsen Henrik Karl Nielsen
Published: November 2024

AbstractAccording to a study published by Emelí Lönnqvist in 2023, the percentage of inmates in pre-trial detention (imprisonment on remand) in Denmark differs significantly from the other Nordic countries. This is an issue of ongoing debate among Danish defence lawyers. The present study analyses 46 cases before the City Court of Copenhagen in 2023-2024, in which the public prosecutor has requested a pre-trial detention of the person charged with an offence. It is apparent that the relevant provisions on pre-trial detention are not applied restrictively despite the fact that a pre-trial detention is a deviation from the right of personal freedom. It is also apparent that the alternatives to pre-trial detention listed in section 765(2) of the Administration of Justice Act are not applied. Furthermore, it is apparent that decisions on pre-trial detention only rarely indicate the reasons that have justified a pre-trial detention.
Regulacja cyberbezpieczeństwa w sektorze energetycznym w świetle projektu dyrektywy NIS 2
Authors:   Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza, Greser Jarosław
Published: November 2024

Rozwój sektora energetycznego jest współzależny z rozwojem technologii informatyczno-komunikacyjnych. Ich wdrażanie pozwala na tworzenie wydajniejszych systemów wytwarzania i zarządzania energią oraz jest kluczowe w przejściu do energetyki opartej na odnawialnych źródłach energii, która jest jednym z głównych celów Unii Europejskiej. Jednocześnie wdrażanie ICT rodzi wyzwania związane z bezpieczeństwem używania tej technologii, która bezpośrednio jest związana z całym spektrum zagrożeń związanych z wykorzystaniem internetu. Problematyka ta znalazła się w polu zainteresowania prawodawcy unijnego, który podjął działania na rzecz podniesienie poziomu cyberbezpieczeństwa w krajach członkowskich. W niniejszym artykule zanalizuję działania podjęte w tym zakresie. Będzie on podzielony na cztery części. W pierwszej odniosę się do problematyki cyberbezpieczeństwa w sektorze energetycznym w kontekście polityk UE. W drugim przedstawię obecnie obowiązujące regulacje w tym zakresie skupiając się na Akcie o cyberbezpieczeństwie (Cybersecurity Act) oraz Dyrektywie 2016/1148 określanej w literaturze jako Dyrektywa NIS. W trzecim przeanalizuje planowane zmiany zawarte we wniosku legislacyjnym Komisji mającym doprowadzić do uchwalenia Dyrektywy NIS 2. W czwartej natomiast podsumuję i ocenię propozycje KE.
Zasada nieinstruowania Prezesa UKE a obowiązek uzgodnienia niektórych rozstrzygnięć z Prezesem URE i Prezesem UTK
Authors:   Departament Telekomunikacji Kancelarii Prezesa Rady Ministró, Wysocki Marcin
Published: November 2024

Europejski kodeks komunikacji elektronicznej wzmacnia niezależność krajowych organów regulacyjnych, ustanawiając ogólną gwarancję, którą można określić zasadą nieinstruowania. Zasada ta w znacznym stopniu determinuje charakter współdziałania Prezesa UKE z innymi krajowymi organami administracji publicznej przy wykonywaniu przez niego kompetencji wynikających z prawa unijnego. Artykuł koncentruje się na bardzo ważnym dla rozwoju nowoczesnych sieci telekomunikacyjnych zagadnieniu współdziałania Prezesa UKE z Prezesem URE i Prezesem UTK w sprawach związanych z dostępem do infrastruktury technicznej oraz zgodności obowiązujących w tym zakresie rozwiązań prawnych w kontekście zasady nieinstruowania.
Gdzie jesteśmy i dokąd zmierzamy? Refl eksje wokół możliwych kierunków zmian przepisów polskiego prawa konkurencji
Authors:   WKB Wierciński Kwieciński Baehr sp.j., Stawicki Aleksander
Published: November 2024

Artykuł zarysowuje możliwe kierunki zmian przepisów polskiego prawa konkurencji. Rozważania dotyczą w pierwszej kolejności celów, jakim służyć ma ingerencja antymonopolowa. W tym zakresie dostrzega się potrzebę większej elastyczności w doborze tych celów, przy jednoczesnym doprecyzowywaniu konkretnych regulacji tak, by w ostatecznym rozrachunku zmniejszać, a nie zwiększać, niepewność prawa i ryzyko regulacyjne. Warunkiem większej elastyczności przepisów i realizowanych za ich pomocą celów powinno być także zapewnienie pełnej niezależności organu ochrony konkurencji, a być może także zmiana jego konstrukcji (organ wieloosobowy). Kluczowe jest także zapewnienie pełni praw przedsiębiorcom, co pośrednio także przyczyniać się będzie do merytorycznego charakteru wydawanych rozstrzygnięć. W tym zakresie podkreśla się potrzebę wprowadzenia gwarancji w obszarze poufności korespondencji pomiędzy prawnikiem a przedsiębiorcą, ustanowienie wymogu wyczerpującego uzasadnienia zarzutów oraz zagwarantowanie przedsiębiorcom wolności od samooskarżenia. W artykule zaproponowano także szereg zmian konkretnych przepisów, zarówno w obszarze porozumień ograniczających konkurencję, jak i w strefie zakazu nadużywania pozycji dominującej na rynku. Należą do nich m.in.: w zakresie porozumień ograniczających konkurencję: wprowadzenie zmodyfikowanej reguły de minimis, klarowny podział porozumień zakazanych z uwagi na ich cel i skutek; w zakresie praktyk jednostronnych: rozszerzenie definicji dominacji oraz stworzenie bardziej rozbudowanego i szczegółowego katalogu zakazanych praktyk (wraz z przesłankami). Wskazane propozycje zmian stanowią przede wszystkim zaproszenie do dyskusji, która w przyszłości może stać się pierwszym krokiem w kierunku unowocześnienia systemu prawa konkurencji w Polsce, a w dalszej perspektywie skuteczniejszego i pewniejszego egzekwowania jego norm.
Boundaryless practice? In search of space/s in higher education
Authors:   , Griffiths Teri-Lisa
Published: November 2024

This work explores the significance of spaces for learning. Focussing on the higher education context, spatial theory and cultural historical activity theory (CHAT) are employed to address the following research questions: 1. What is the significance of space to professional identity and career development? 2. How can engagement in atypical learning spaces inform the relevance of spatial theory in education and professional development? 3. How can creative methods support researchers to understand the significance of space and materiality in learning? The collected works in this appraisal employ qualitative and mixed methodologies to explore participants’ perceptions of their experience in the context of the spaces they occupy. Recognising that the impact of space is often obscured or ignored by users, creative methodologies are applied in several of the submitted works to bring space and materiality to the forefront. The theories employed in analysis have been selected due to their relevance to the higher education context. CHAT is applied to both the experiences of staff transitioning to academia and students engaging with extracurricular activities to explore how collective cultural understandings within universities influence the practice of those within them. Spatiality theories are applied to staff and student experiences of teaching and learning during the pandemic to consider the multifaceted nature of encounters within spaces and acknowledge the embodied nature of learning and development. This work contributes to understanding of the significance of materiality in the higher education context and the ways in which human experience permeates physical spaces and influences practice in varied settings.
Diagnostic test accuracy of presepsin and interleukin-6 in neonatal sepsis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sahu Puspita , Raj Stanly Elstin Anbu , S. Lewis Leslie Edward , Prabhu Krishnananda , Rao Mahadev , Kunhikatta Vijayanarayana , Athavil Krishnakumar
Published: November 2024

The study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and presepsin in neonatal sepsis. The was evaluated by exploring databases such as PubMed, cumulative index to nursing and allied health literature, excerpta medica database, and Scopus. The data extraction and reporting were done in accordance with preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies checklist, while quality assessment tool of diagnostic accuracy studies-2 tool was applied for risk of bias evaluation. The Spearman’s correlation test was employed to analyze the heterogeneity by threshold effects whereas, by nonthreshold effects were assessed through Higgins I2 statistics. A hierarchical model was employed to estimate the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratio (PLR, NLR), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR). Additionally, the hierarchical summary receiver characteristics (HSROC) curve was plotted to evaluate the accuracy of these biomarkers. Following the screening procedure, four articles were identified. The respective Spearman’s correlation coefficient for presepsin and IL-6 were −0.44, p = 0.600, and 0.600; p = 0.400, with the I2 value of 75.7% and 92%, respectively. The summary sensitivity and specificity of presepsin were 0.859 (0.808−0.898) and 0.902 (0.731−0.969), while that of IL-6 was 0.893 (0.806–0.944) and 0.852 (0.508–0.970). Meanwhile, the area under the curve (AUC) of HSROC curve showed presepsin to have better AUC than IL-6, i.e., 0.9305 and 0.9190, respectively. Evidence suggests presepsin to be more accurate diagnostic biomarker than IL-6.
Internalizing Problems in Adopted Eastern European Adolescents: The Role of the Informant, Early Adversity and Post-Adoption Processes
Authors: Carrera Pablo , Román Maite , Cáceres Isabel , Palacios Jesús
Published: November 2024

Background::
Internationally adopted children who suffered early institutionalization are at risk of a late onset of internalizing problems in adolescence. Both pre-adoption, adversity-related, and post-adoption factors predict variability in internalizing problems in this population. Previous studies have suggested different patterns of parent-adolescent informant discrepancies in adoptive dyads

Method::
We analyzed internalizing problems among 66 adolescents internationally adopted from Russia to Spanish families using both the parent- and self-report version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and comparing them with a low-risk, community group ( = 30). We assessed pre-adoption and post-adoption factors and evaluated cross-informant discrepancies.

Results::
Internationally adopted adolescents exhibited more internalizing problems by parent-report than community adolescents, but there were no differences by self-report. Adopted youth showed no discrepancies between parent and self-report, whereas community adolescents reported more internalizing symptoms than their parents. Pre-adoption adversity-related factors predicted parent-reported internalizing problems, while post-adoption factors predicted self-reported internalizing problems.

Conclusions::
Parent-adolescent informant discrepancies in adopted adolescents from Eastern Europe for internalizing symptoms were lower than in community adolescents. Both adversity-related factors and the lived experience of adoption may influence the development of internalizing symptoms in internationally adopted adolescents.
The long noncoding RNA lnc-FANCI-2 intrinsically restricts RAS signaling and phosphorylation of Akt and Erk in HPV16-infected cervical cancer
Authors: Liu Haibin , Yu Lulu , Majerciak Vladimir , Meyer Thomas , Yi Ming , Johnson Peter F , Cam Maggie , Lowy Douglas R , Zheng Zhi-Ming
Published: November 2024

We recently discovered increased expression of a long noncoding RNA, lnc-FANCI-2, coinciding with cervical lesion progression from CIN1, CIN2-3 to cervical cancer. Viral E7 of high-risk HPVs and host transcription factor YY1 are two major factors promoting lnc-FANCI-2 expression. To explore possible roles of lnc-FANCI-2 in HPV-induced cervical carcinogenesis, we ablated the expression of
lnc-FANCI-2
in the HPV16-positive cervical cancer cell line, CaSki. Knock-out (KO) single cell clones expressed HPV16 oncogenes normally but displayed altered cell morphology when compared with the parental cells. Proteomic profiling of cytosolic and secreted proteins from the parental and KO cells showed that lnc-FANCI-2 regulates expression of a subset of cell surface and adhesion-related proteins, including inhibition of MCAM, PODXL2 and ECM1 and increased levels of ADAM8 and TIMP2. RNA-seq analyses revealed that, relative to the parental cells, KO cells exhibited significantly increased RAS signaling but decreased IFN pathways. In KO cells, phosphorylated Akt and Erk1/2, two important RAS pathway effectors, were increased more than 3-fold, accompanied by increase of IGFBP3, MCAM, VIM, and CCND2 (cyclin D2) and decrease of RAC3. Accordingly, high levels of lnc-FANCI-2 and lower levels of MCAM in cervical cancer patients are associated with improved survival. We found that lnc-FANCI-2 in CaSki cells interacts specifically with 32 host proteins, including H13, HNRH1, K1H1, MAP4K4, and RNPS1, and knockdown of MAP4K4 led to increase phosphorylation of Akt and Erk1/2. In summary, a key function of lnc-FANCI-2 is to intrinsically regulate RAS signaling, thereby affecting cervical cancer outcome.
Magnetically Steered Cell Therapy For Functional Restoration Of Intraocular Pressure Control In Open-Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Fard M Reza Bahrani , Chan Jessica , Read A Thomas , Li Guorong , Cheng Lin , Safa Babak N , Siadat Seyed Mohammad , Jhunjhunwala Anamik , Grossniklaus Hans E , Emelianov Stanislav Y , Stamer W Daniel , Kuehn Markus H , Ethier C Ross
Published: November 2024

Trabecular meshwork (TM) cell therapy has been proposed as a next-generation treatment for elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucoma, the most common cause of irreversible blindness. Using a magnetic cell steering technique with excellent efficiency and tissue-specific targeting, we delivered two types of cells into a mouse model of glaucoma: either human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) or induced pluripotent cell derivatives (iPSC-TM cells). We observed a 4.5 [3.1, 6.0] mmHg or 27% reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP) for nine months after a single dose of only 1500 magnetically-steered hAMSCs, associated with restoration of function to the conventional outflow pathway, as judged by increased outflow facility and TM cellularity. iPSC-TM cells were also effective, but less so, showing only a 1.9 [0.4, 3.3] mmHg or 13% IOP reduction and increased risk of tumorigenicity. In both cases, injected cells remained detectable in the iridocorneal angle three weeks post-transplantation. Based on the locations of the delivered cells, the mechanism of IOP lowering is most likely paracrine signaling. We conclude that magnetically-steered hAMSC cell therapy has potential for long-term treatment of ocular hypertension in glaucoma.
Análisis de la relación entre la Mente Mentalizante parental y el Sexo de los padres y su influencia en su Lenguaje Mentalizante en su interacción con sus hijas/os de 3 a 5 años
Authors:   , Arnaiz Johnson, Rodrigo Pio
Published: November 2024

El lenguaje mentalizante (Mental State Talk), es una de las habilidades parentales más importantes de la crianza y es relevante para el desarrollo infantil. Es definido como un tipo de lenguaje específico de los padres que hacen referencias al mundo interno, de lo mental, de sus hijos. Promueve el desarrollo de apego seguro, de la teoría de la mente y la comprensión social. A partir de lo anterior, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar cómo la mente mentalizante parental y el sexo de los padres influyen en su lenguaje mentalizante en la interacción con sus hijos/as de 3 a 5 años, en el contexto de la lectura compartida de un cuento. El estudio utilizó un análisis secundario de datos, con un diseño descriptivo, comparativo, correlacional, transversal y con una metodología cuantitativa. La muestra estuvo compuesta por los padres y madres de 121 niños de ambos sexos, de entre 3 y 5 años. Los instrumentos aplicados fueron el cuestionario sociodemográfico, una entrevista “describa a su hijo/a” y una evaluación de la mentalización de cuidadores significativos. Dentro de los resultados no se encontró que la mente mentalizante de los padres acerca de sus hijos se relacionaran con el uso de lenguaje mentalizante y no hubo diferencias significativas entre los padres y las madres en el uso del lenguaje mentalizante. Finalmente se discuten las implicancias que podrían explicar estos resultados, como son algunas dificultades metodológicas, el nivel de lenguaje mentalizante, la edad de los niños, la cantidad de padres, diferencias culturales y el contexto de pandemia en que fue realizado. Palabras claves: mente mentalizante, lenguaje mentalizante, sexo de los padres, competencias parentales, infancia.
Exploring Barriers to the Consumption of Neglected and Underutilized Green Leafy Vegetables in Rural and Urban Populations of the Tribal Regions of Garo Hills, Meghalaya, India
Authors: Nongthombam Sunanda , Marak Natasha R. , Marak Chenxiang Rimchi N , Kumar Pavana , Devi Chingakham Basanti , Das Puspita
Published: November 2024

Aim: To identify and analyze the barriers to the consumption of neglected and underutilized Green Leafy Vegetables (GLVs) in urban and rural settings of Garo Hills, Meghalaya, focusing on key determinants influencing consumption patterns.
Study Design: Cross-sectional survey-based study. 
Place and Duration of Study: Urban and rural areas of Garo Hills, Meghalaya, conducted from January to May 2024. 
Methodology: A total of 90 respondents, 45 each from urban and rural areas, were surveyed using a structured questionnaire. The study assessed five key determinants: availability, perception of taste/flavor, knowledge of nutritional benefits, difficulty in preparation, and cost/affordability. Weighted averages were calculated to rank the barriers based on their perceived significance in each setting. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to identify differences in consumption patterns and barriers across the two settings. 
Results: Limited availability emerged as the most significant barrier for urban respondents, with a weighted average score of 7.5, highlighting poor access to GLVs in urban markets. In contrast, rural respondents identified a lack of knowledge about nutritional benefits as the primary barrier, scoring a weighted average of 13.2, indicating a critical need for awareness campaigns. Taste perception influenced consumption, ranking as the second-highest barrier in rural areas (4.7) and third in urban areas (5.6). Preparation difficulties were ranked second by urban respondents (5.7) and third by rural respondents (4.1). Cost and affordability were the least significant barriers in both settings, suggesting that financial constraints play a minor role compared to other factors. 
Conclusion: The study reveals significant differences in the barriers to GLV consumption in urban and rural Garo Hills. Addressing limited availability in urban areas and enhancing knowledge of nutritional benefits in rural areas are essential for improving GLV consumption. Tailored interventions are required to mitigate these barriers and promote the inclusion of GLVs in diets.
Expression of Key Genes Related to Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus Resistance in Okra Via qRT-PCR
Authors: Kaur Maninder , Sarao Navraj Kaur , Pathak Mamta , Sharma Abhishek
Published: November 2024

Aims: The present study was based on quantitative real time gene expression analysis on the elite cultivar Abelmoschus esculentus Punjab Padmini (susceptible) and wild species Abelmoschus moschatus accession 140986 (resistant) in response to yellow vein mosaic virus disease in okra.
Study Design: The staggered sowing of both species was done to coincide the stage of virus inoculation at two true leaf stage.
Place and Duration of Study: School of Agricultural Biotechnology and Department of Vegetable Sciences, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana.
Methodology: The virus inoculations with viruliferous whiteflies was done, followed by leaf sampling at 0, 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 days post inoculation to know the virus titer at different time points.
Results: Though the disease symptoms appeared near leaf margins at 5 days post inoculations yet quantitative real time PCR method was used to measure the relative gene expression of begomovirus coat protein gene. The observations suggest that the virus titer tends to increase at 5 days post inoculations to the higher extent in both species. Interestingly, the maximum fold of begomovirus specific gene expression at 5dpi was observed in resistant species. At five days inoculation time period in the resistant species, the virus replication tends to enhance to resist the viral attack against the strong immune response of resistant species.
Conclusion: Our observations confound with the flor-flor hypothesis therefore; we suggest that 5 dpi is recommended for screening of YVMV disease at the gene and genomic levels.
Challenges Facing the Development of Cultural Tourism in Tanzania: A Case of Mto Wa Mbu, Monduli Council
Authors: Awadhi Rose Ally , Matiku Emmanuel , Ng’elenge Haji
Published: November 2024

Cultural tourism in Tanzania, particularly in Mto wa Mbu Ward within the Monduli Council, presents significant opportunities for community engagement and economic development. However, various challenges hinder the effective growth of this sector. This study aims to identify and analyze the key obstacles that are facing development of cultural tourism in Mto wa Mbu, which including inadequate infrastructure, limited marketing efforts, cultural commodification, and environmental concerns. By examining these challenges, the study underscores the need for strategic interventions that can enhance the sustainability and authenticity of cultural tourism experiences in the Monduli council. The study employed the interview method as the primary qualitative tool, complemented by questionnaires to gather quantitative data. This dual approach allows for a comprehensive understanding of the issues at hand. The researcher utilized purposive sampling as the main technique to select respondents directly affected by the study, supplemented by simple random sampling to ensure a broader representation. The findings emphasize the importance of collaboration among local communities, government authorities, and tourism operators to develop a more robust cultural tourism framework. Furthermore, the study highlights the necessity for capacity building, improved resource allocation, and promoting responsible tourism practices that respect local cultures and ecosystems. Addressing these challenges will not only enhance the viability of cultural tourism in Mto wa Mbu but also contribute to the preservation of its rich cultural heritage, benefiting both residents and visitors alike. The study concludes with actionable recommendations and suggestions for further research to foster the development of cultural tourism in Monduli and Tanzania as a whole.
Drowning, the Burden of Fatality: A Case Report
Authors: Stella Amadi, Ekechi , Ogbodede Diri,  Robert , Nnenda Amaewhule, Mary , Rita. Wakama, , Tamunobarabiye. Nonju, , Blessing Agbarakwe, , Chisom Nwamadi, Christian
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Drowning is a leading cause of death worldwide. The burden of fatality still remains on the health provider and caregiver despite improved survival rates after rescue. There are few case reports that exist with regards to drowning within Rivers State, Nigeria
Aim: This case report’s aim is to review the management of a drowning patient after initial rescue and the burden of dealing with unpleasant outcomes.
Presentation of Case: We report the case of a teenager who was submerged for about 35 minutes in a fresh water river who received chest compressions by a bystander rescuer; he was later referred to a private secondary healthcare facility and later to a tertiary facility with intensive care unit after initial improvement in a previous tertiary care hospital.
Discussion: This case reports the events surrounding a teenager who suffered from drowning and unfortunately had the final outcome of death after a fortnight period. The long term survival has been noted to be poor in those with submersion time more than 30 minutes just as it was in this index case. The patient in this case had no chronic medical condition which may have reduced the risk of immediate fatal death. The patient was referred to another tertiary center where there was a functional intensive care unit at that time however he passed way after a couple of days.
Conclusion: Drowning regardless of initial survival is still burdened with a high risk of morbidity and mortality. Immediate referral to a facility with an intensive care unit is likely to improve prolonged survival.
Evaluating the Effects of Fermentation, Sprouting and Roasting on the Chemical Composition of Local Raw Materials for Complementary Food Formulation
Authors: Izuakor Perpetua Nwamalubia , Okoye Patrice-Anthony Chudi , Ekpunobi Uche Eunice , Nnaebue Kenneth Chukwugozie
Published: November 2024

This study evaluates the effects of processing techniques (fermentation, sprouting, and toasting) on the chemical composition of local raw materials (yellow maize, sorghum, millet, and soybeans) for complementary food formulation. The raw materials underwent fermentation, sprouting, and toasting processes before analysis. Both processed and unprocessed samples were assessed for their proximate, mineral, and vitamin composition using standardized analytical methods. Fermentation, sprouting, and toasting significantly (p<0.05) enhanced protein and mineral content while reducing carbohydrates. For instance, crude protein in millet increased from 7.90% to 8.23%, and iron in yellow maize rose from 15.76 mg/100g to 19.43 mg/100g post-processing. The samples showed nearly double their vitamin C content post-processing. Yellow maize increased from 7.50 mg/100g to 13.41 mg/100g. These results demonstrate that processing methods can significantly (p<0.05) enhance the nutritional profile of local raw materials, making them suitable for cost-effective, nutrient-dense complementary food formulations.
Evaluation of Seed Morphological Characters of Landraces and Improved Varieties of Rice Using Image Analyzer
Authors: B N Ganavi , C R Yashwanth , H B Mahesh , Harinikumar K M
Published: November 2024

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) serves as a staple food for over half of the global population, with traditional landraces playing a critical role in maintaining genetic diversity and adaptability. This study aimed to evaluate the morphological variation of seeds among 169 rice landraces and 24 improved varieties using Biovis image analyzer. Seed traits including length, width, length-to-width ratio, area, and other attributes were measured. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant variation among the genotypes. The results showed that traits like seed length ranged from 3.43 mm to 10.29 mm, while the length-to-width ratio (L/W) varied significantly, classifying the grains into slender, medium, and bold types. High heritability estimates for traits such as seed length (70.35%) and area (67.93%) suggest that these traits are primarily governed by genetic factors, making them ideal candidates for selection in breeding programs. Additionally, the study found that most landraces exhibited medium grain size (5.51–6.60 mm) and shape (L/W ratio of 2.1–3.0). These findings underscore the importance of rice landraces as reservoirs of genetic diversity, essential for future breeding programs and food security efforts. The study provides a foundation for the conservation and utilization of rice landraces in improving agricultural productivity and resilience.
Regulation of interleukin‐1 beta secretion from macrophages via modulation of potassium ion (K+) channel activity
Authors: Wang Jing , Yannie Paul J. , Ghosh Siddhartha S. , Ghosh Shobha
Published: April 2019

A causal relationship exists between macrophage cholesterol levels and inflammation, for example, Interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) secretion. A decrease in intracellular K+ is essential for inflammasome activation/IL‐1β secretion and, herein, we examined the hypothesis that cellular cholesterol affects K+‐channel activity and K+‐efflux using mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPMs) and human/THP1 macrophages. An increase in cellular cholesterol led to a significant increase in K+ currents (> 350% in both MPM and THP1). Enhancing cholesterol efflux returned K+ currents back to basal levels with corresponding increase in intracellular K+ (11.2–14.5%) and reduced IL‐1β secretion (32–62%). These data demonstrate a novel mechanism by which cellular cholesterol modulates inflammation/inflammasome via regulation of K+‐channel activity and intracellular K+ levels. Attenuation of IL‐1β secretion by Nateglinide/Repaglinide further suggests involvement of Kir6 channels.
Saffron as good as methylphenidate in treating ADHD
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: April 2019

Short‐term treatment with saffron — which comes from the crocus plant and is known to cooks as one of the most important and expensive ingredients of various dishes — is as effective in treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as methylphenidate, researchers have found in one small trial. The study, “Crocus sativus L. Versus Methylphenidate in Treatment of Children with Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized Double‐Blind Pilot Study,” was published in the February issue of the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. Methylphenidate is a controlled substance, a stimulant with addictive properties.
Braeburn asks FDA to revoke Sublocade's orphan designation
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: April 2019

Braeburn, which makes Brixadi, a buprenorphine injection, has filed a Citizen Petition calling on the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to revoke “orphan designation” — exclusivity — for Sublocade, Indivior's injectable buprenorphine. Saying that unless the FDA does this, no competitive buprenorphine opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment will enter the market until 2024, Braeburn said the Orphan Drug Act was enacted to treat rare conditions with small patient populations. In some cases, the act is utilized even if a large population could benefit, if there is “no reasonable expectation” of recovering developing and marketing costs. Indeed, orphan drug designation (ODD) was granted to Subutex (buprenorphine) in 1994, when Indivior's predecessor was the sponsor. Now the FDA has “grandfathered” the Subutex designation to Sublocade “simply because the developer of Subutex and Sublocade is the same,” according to a press statement from Braeburn released earlier this month.
Photoconductivity in Metal–Organic Framework (MOF) Thin Films
Authors: Liu Xiaojing , Kozlowska Mariana , Okkali Timur , Wagner Danny , Higashino Tomohiro , Brenner‐Weiß Gerald , Marschner Stefan M. , Fu Zhihua , Zhang Qiang , Imahori Hiroshi , Bräse Stefan , Wenzel Wolfgang , Wöll Christof , Heinke Lars
Published: April 2019

Photoconductivity is a characteristic property of semi‐conductors. Herein, we present a photo‐conducting crystalline metal–organic framework (MOF) thin film with an on–off photocurrent ratio of two orders of magnitude. These oriented, surface‐mounted MOF thin films (SURMOFs), contain porphyrin in the framework backbone and C60 guests, loaded in the pores using a layer‐by‐layer process. By comparison with results obtained for reference MOF structures and based on DFT calculations, we conclude that donor–acceptor interactions between the porphyrin of the host MOF and the C60 guests give rise to a rapid charge separation. Subsequently, holes and electrons are transported through separate channels formed by porphyrin and by C60, respectively. The ability to tune the properties and energy levels of the porphyrin and fullerene, along with the controlled organization of donor–acceptor pairs in this regular framework offers potential to increase the photoconduction on–off ratio.
Green synthetic route of carbon quantum dot‐reinforced graphene oxide‐poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexa fluoropropylene) nanocomposites: Toward high dielectric constant and suppressed loss
Authors: Moharana Srikanta , Mahaling Ram Naresh
Published: April 2019

A simple and green method was developed to fabricate carbon quantum dot@ graphene oxide filled poly (vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexa‐fluoropropylene) [CQD@GO‐P(VDF‐HFP)] nanocomposite films via solution casting technique. The synthetic approach was to bring CQD from bilva leafs, a renewable and sustainable resource. The effect of CQD on dielectric properties, dielectric constant, and dielectric loss in the presence of GO along with P (VDF‐HFP) matrix were investigated. The result showed that the nanocomposites having 1.5 wt % of CQD@GO‐P(VDF‐HFP) with higher dielectric constant (≈144) at 100 Hz and suppressed loss (<1) at 1000 Hz, which is well supported by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) study. The FESEM study shows a river iceland morphology with a channel‐like structure along with voids and pores that may provide a conducting network, which tends to have Maxwell Wagner‐Sillars or interfacial polarization results in a high‐end properties outcome. Furthermore, the suppressed loss enhanced the possibility of end use performance of CQD@GO‐P(VDF‐HFP) matrix with a referral memorandum of percolation theory. Thus, the present work demonstrated a new approach to develop high dielectric constant and negligible loss materials in the field of embedded devices for electronic industries through green synthetic approach. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47850.
PVA‐encapsulated Palladium Nanoparticles: Eco‐friendly and Highly Selective Catalyst for Hydrogenation of Nitrobenzene in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Huang Changru , Li Xiaohao , Xie Congxia , Yu Shitao
Published: April 2019

In aqueous medium without any other additives, palladium (Pd) nanoparticles with water‐soluble polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as stabilizer were synthesized for the catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the nitrobenzene conversion and the selectivity for aniline were 99.3 % and 100 %, respectively. Comprehensive characterization methods, including TEM, UV/Vis, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), XRD and XPS allowed a better understanding of the role of PVA aggregates and the properties of Pd nanoparticles. The nitrobenzene conversion exceeded 80 % even after 6 cycles without any treatment of the catalyst. A mechanism about the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene catalyzed by Pd/PVA system was proposed. The Pd/PVA catalyst also exhibited excellent activity and selectivity, particularly to ortho‐fluoronitrobenzene and ortho‐nitrotoluene. This research can provide a reference for the environmentally friendly catalysis for hydrogenation of nitrobenzene and other substituted nitrobenzene compounds.
Inferring the Evolutionary History of Your Favorite Protein: A Guide for Molecular Biologists
Authors: van Hooff Jolien J.E. , Tromer Eelco , van Dam Teunis J.P. , Kops Geert J.P.L. , Snel Berend
Published: April 2019

Comparative genomics has proven a fruitful approach to acquire many functional and evolutionary insights into core cellular processes. Here it is argued that in order to perform accurate and interesting comparative genomics, one first and foremost has to be able to recognize, postulate, and revise different evolutionary scenarios. After all, these studies lack a simple protocol, due to different proteins having different evolutionary dynamics and demanding different approaches. The authors here discuss this challenge from a practical (what are the observations?) and conceptual (how do these indicate a specific evolutionary scenario?) viewpoint, with the aim to guide investigators who want to analyze the evolution of their protein(s) of interest. By sharing how the authors draft, test, and update such a scenario and how it directs their investigations, the authors hope to illuminate how to execute molecular evolution studies and how to interpret them. Also see the video abstract here https://youtu.be/VCt3l2pbdbQ.
Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate induces telomere shortening and clastogenic damage in glioblastoma cells
Authors: Udroiu Ion , Marinaccio Jessica , Sgura Antonella
Published: April 2019

Epigallocatechingallate (EGCG) is the major polyphenol in green tea, to which many anticancer features, such as antioxidative, antigenotoxic, and antiangiogenetic properties, are attributed. Moreover, it is also well known as a telomerase inhibitor. In this work, we have chronically treated U251 glioblastoma cells with low, physiologically realistic concentrations, of EGCG, in order to investigate its effects both on telomeres and on genome integrity. Inhibition of telomerase activity caused telomere shortening, ultimately leading to senescence and telomere dysfunction at 98 days. Remarkably, we have observed DNA damage through an increase of phosphorylation of γ‐H2AX histone and micronuclei also with doses and at timepoints when telomere shortening was not present. Therefore, we concluded that this DNA damage was not correlated with telomere shortening and that EGCG treatment induced not only an increase of telomere‐shortening‐induced senescence but also telomere‐independent genotoxicity. This study questions the common knowledge about EGCG properties, but confirms the few works that indicated the clastogenic properties of this molecule, probably due to DNA reductive damage and topoisomerase II poisoning. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 60:683–692, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Baeyer‐Villiger oxidation tuned to chemoselective conversion of non‐activated [18F]fluorobenzaldehydes to [18F]fluorophenols
Authors: Ermert Johannes , Castillo Meleán Johnny , Humpert Swen , Modemann Daniel , Krupp Dominik , Kern Isabel , Kreft Sabrina , Coenen Heinz H.
Published: April 2019

A reaction pathway via oxidation of [18F]fluorobenzaldehydes offers a very useful tool for the no‐carrier‐added radiosynthesis of [18F]fluorophenols, a structural motive of several potential radiopharmaceuticals. A considerably improved chemoselectivity of the Baeyer‐Villiger oxidation (BVO) towards phenols was achieved, employing 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol as reaction solvent in combination with Oxone or m‐CPBA as oxidation agent. The studies showed the necessity of H2SO4 addition, which appears to have a dual effect, acting as catalyst and desiccant. For example, 2‐[18F]fluorophenol was obtained with a RCY of 97% under optimised conditions of 80°C and 30‐minute reaction time. The changed performance of the BVO, which is in agreement with known reaction mechanisms via Criegee intermediates, provided the best results with regard to radiochemical yield (RCY) and chemoselectivity, i.e. formation of [18F]fluorophenols rather than [18F]fluorobenzoic acids. Thus, after a long history of the BVO, the new modification now allows an almost specific formation of phenols, even from electron‐deficient benzaldehydes. Further, the applicability of the tuned, chemoselective BVO to the n.c.a. level and to more complex compounds was demonstrated for the products n.c.a. 4‐[18F]fluorophenol (RCY 95%; relating to 4‐[18F]fluorobenzaldehyde) and 4‐[18F]fluoro‐m‐tyramine (RCY 32%; relating to [18F]fluoride), respectively.
Characterization of periodontitis in people with type 1 diabetes of 50 years or longer duration
Authors: Shinjo Takanori , Ishikado Atsushi , Hasturk Hatice , Pober David M. , Paniagua Samantha M. , Shah Hetal , Wu I‐Hsien , Tinsley Liane J. , Matsumoto Motonobu , Keenan Hillary A. , Van Dyke Thomas E. , Genco Robert J. , King George L.
Published: April 2019

Background

Periodontitis is more common and severe in people with diabetes than the general population. We have reported in the Joslin Medalist Study that people with type 1 diabetes of ≥50 years (Medalists) may have endogenous protective factors against diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, the prevalence of periodontitis according to the Centers for Disease Control/American Academy of Periodontology classification in a subset (n = 170, mean age = 64.6 ± 6.9 years) of the Medalist cohort, and its associations to various criteria of periodontitis and diabetic complications were assessed.

Results

The prevalence of severe periodontitis in Medalists was only 13.5% which was lower than reported levels in diabetic patients of similar ages. Periodontal parameters, including bleeding on probing, plaque index, gingival index, and demographic traits, including male sex, chronological age, and age at diagnosis were significantly associated with severity of periodontitis, which did not associate with diabetes duration, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), body mass index, and lipid profiles. Random serum C‐peptide levels inversely associated with severity of periodontitis (P = 0.03), lower probing depth (P = 0.0002), and clinical attachment loss (P = 0.03). Prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and systemic inflammatory markers, plasma interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and serum immunoglobulin G titer against Porphyromonas gingivalis positively associated with severity of periodontitis (P = 0.002 and 0.02, respectively). Antibody titer to P. gingivalis correlated positively and significantly with CVD, serum IL‐6, and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein.

Conclusions

Some Medalists could be protected from severe periodontitis even with hyperglycemia. Endogenous protective factors for periodontitis could possibly be related to residual insulin production and lower levels of chronic inflammation.