bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applying UNESCO ICT Competency Framework to Evaluate Teachers' ICT Competence Levels in Tanzania
Authors: Mtebe Joel S.
Published: June 2019

This chapter adopted UNESCO ICT‐Competency Framework for Teachers to investigate teachers' competence in applying ICT in the classroom environment. The study was conducted in 20 schools in Morogoro and Pwani (10 schools in each region) with a total of 91 teachers using both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. The study found that teachers competence levels for using ICT facilities in day-to-day activities was high but had low competence levels in ICT integration in classroom environment as curriculum and assessment, and pedagogy had low mean score compared to other elements of the UNESCO ICT-CFT domains. These findings imply that while several initiatives have been focusing towards equipping schools with ICT facilities, improving Internet access, and developing digital content, the need to ensure teachers have required competence and skills to effectively integrate ICT into classroom should be given enough priority.
Effective Mechanisms for Accessing Technology and Innovation Strategies
Authors: Marques João P. C.
Published: June 2019

The present context of the knowledge-based economy and society has brought with it relevant changes with respect to how innovation has been conceptualized and explained within companies themselves. This chapter sets out to present and discuss a taxonomy of effective mechanisms for a company to accessing technology and innovation, while understanding the importance of resources and technological competences in defining how to innovate, in line with the type of company (profile) and the strategy of the business. An integrating view of the dimensions of “why,” “who,” and “how” to innovate is suggested, with the intention of helping companies to make choices. The case study shows the technological trajectory of an SME in the Portuguese software industry, based on development R&D alone and in partnership, following an offensive strategy. This will enable it to acquire advanced technological capabilities and an innovative culture for success.
Innovation Concept Challenges
Authors: Jamil George Leal
Published: June 2019

What is innovation? In this chapter, an objective search for the basics on innovation concept is held, allowing its definition, but also producing a background covering its relationships with other management concepts. This study, which starts with a theoretical search for innovation and innovation management concepts, evolving to practical observation of cases and market aspects—such as the startups phenomenon—aims to allow a better comprehension on how innovation can be achieved by small and medium-sized enterprises, regarded as dynamic market agents, active in practically every open economy model in the world. As a result, a conceptual network is proposed, serving both SMEs, to comprehend how innovation is reached and developed for the market, and also contributing to the discussion around its perspectives, as it was approached by other authors in this book.
Understanding the Key Attributes for a Successful Innovation Culture
Authors: Burdon Stephen , Kang Kyeong , Mooney Grant
Published: June 2019

This paper presents the results and findings of a research project on innovation culture in Australian information technology sector organisations. The primary objective of this study was to establish the determinants of a successful enterprise innovation culture in organisations with a strong industry reputation for radical innovation initiatives. The authors obtained 244 responses from 102 member organisations of the Australian Information Industry Association (AIIA). The survey explored the internal and external characteristics of a successful innovative organisation. Both employees' and competitors' perspectives on “what makes a particular organisation a successful innovator” were the main focus. The authors' findings indicated that the absence of a successful innovation culture is a serious impediment to growth and success. However, preferences for the key innovation culture attributes varied significantly by executive functions, size of the organization and type of ownership structure. Thus, a mix of key innovation attributes should be deployed and tailored to each organisation, based on their industry and strategic objectives.
Moving Forward a Parsimonious Model of Eco-Innovation
Authors: Fernando Yudi , Wah Wen Xin
Published: June 2019

Complexity of sustainability issue in operations management leads this study to determine a parsimonious model of eco-innovation. Most of research findings have been emphasized on the effect of innovation on company's economic benefits. However, there is inadequate study in respect to eco-innovation and impact to business and environmental sustainability. This is causing a lack of study on this topic. The paper focuses on determinants of drivers of eco-innovation and seeks the impact to the outcome of sustainable business performance. Content analysis is used in order to explain phenomena of eco-innovation in operations management and categorize the determinants of drivers. The unit of analysis of this study is driver or factor of eco-innovation which commonly uses in entire articles. The scope of review encompassed articles published during 1994 to 2012. Results indicate that a parsimonious model of eco-innovation was consisted of five drivers. More comprehensive and robust findings could be obtained by testing this model and broadening the scope of study.
International Soft Landings of Wetland Entrepreneurship in Asia
Authors: Chen Ye-Sho
Published: June 2019

International soft landings, originally developed by the International Business Innovation Association, is a process to help a company from one country land softly – without crashing – into the market of another country through a designated incubator. In this chapter, we discuss how wetland entrepreneurship, developed in Louisiana to maintain healthy wetland ecology and protect land losses, can be introduced in Asia through international soft landings. Specifically, we propose a “Flying High, Landing Soft” platform to help cultivate wetland entrepreneurs and bring local solutions in Louisiana abroad for global impact in Asia. This platform is grounded in the theories of strategic entrepreneurship and docility-based distributed cognition. With rising seas as a global phenomenon, developing such a platform is timely and significant.
Relationship Between Knowledge Management and Innovation
Authors: Bencsik Andrea , Filep Bálint
Published: June 2019

Successful business operation depends on several factors. Among these factors knowledge management and innovation are extremely important business areas. The aim of this theoretical study is to introduce how these two models work together and how their relationship reinforces the chance for success. Relying on secondary data analysis and literature review, the authors prove that the classical innovation model can be a part of this relationship together with the organizational innovation where the human resource comes to focus. The logic of system building of knowledge management emphasizes that the path leads from the attainment of innovation knowledge to the evaluation of utilization. This study reviews the steps of the two business models and highlights the most important relationships in a new model linking the appropriate phases. The second part of this paper shows the connection between frugal innovation and knowledge management, and their theoretical significance and practical adaptability.
The Mediation Role of Knowledge Sharing Between Organizational Learning and Technological Innovation Practice
Authors: Wang Zhimin , Kwek Choon Ling
Published: June 2019

This article investigates the mediation role of knowledge management according to the dimensions of knowledge donating and knowledge collecting. The collected data was based on a total of 157 managers from the manufacturing industries will be evaluated by applying the PLS-SEM and fsQCA. The empirical outcomes based on PLS-SEM analysis demonstrate that organizational learning positively impacts on knowledge donating and knowledge collecting. This study confirms that both the knowledge donating and knowledge collecting act as mediators in mediating the positive relationship between organizational learning and the technological innovation practice. The fsQCA results indicate that the conditional support for the proposed antecedent and outcome expectation of the organizational learning. Moreover, the findings of fsQCA analysis also show that the complex solutions with three combinations sufficiently explain the technological innovation practice.
Innovation and Commercial Orientation
Authors: Bhowmick Bhaskar , Ghosh Susmita
Published: June 2019

The role of technology institutions has evolved many folds in last two decades. This evolution initiates the thought of conceptualizing the construct called Innovation and commercial orientations of technology institutions. The contextual case study focuses on the environmental aspirations and the preparedness by the institute in dealing those. The background thought of Triple-helix model helps to build the scenario. The insight is drawn on the experience in dealing with the variables by the stakeholders, the shortcoming of the newly adopted directions and observing the developments within the environment. The study contributes towards developing a measure of innovation and commercial orientations of technology institutes in emerging country context.
Engineering the Roadmap of Reverse Innovation
Authors: Reyes-Mercado Pável
Published: June 2019

The reverse innovation concept has gained traction in the practitioner and academic domains since it alters the traditional view of innovations flowing from developed countries to emerging markets. Reverse innovations depart from the assumption that product development appeals to value offers with reduced performance and radically lower price points for consumers in emerging markets. Existing literature on reverse innovations has been limited to analyse case studies and anecdotic evidence but a systematic framework is needed to innovate in systematic ways. Drawing from the technology planning and forecasting, this paper proposes that technology roadmaps are suitable tools to analyse how a reverse innovation designed initially in an emerging market encroaches developed countries. At the firm level, roadmaps integrate technology planning, product development, and market aspects. Hence, they become suitable tools to design and commercialize products and services based on the reverse innovation paradigm.
Emergence of a Digital Platform Based Disruptive Mobile Payments Service
Authors: Mahgoub Yasmin , Arvidsson Niklas , Urueña Alberto
Published: June 2019

Banks are motivated to be interested in developing platforms to provide mobile payment services to their customer and for those to be innovative. However, the successful implementation of a mobile payments service platform is mainly determined by how much players are fully motivated to realize it. In fact, in the Swedish context, the involvement level of mobile payment service platforms are very high whereas few studies have examined the related issues of mobile payments service platform. Thus, the purpose of this article is to investigate the factors leading banks to develop platforms and how banks manage these platforms. Data was collected by conducting interviews of applicable banks. The results mainly showed that the driving factors are significantly influenced by contextual factors, mutual objectives and opportunities. This article also looks forward to providing the payment industry with applicable guidelines for efficiently implementing and designing mobile payment service platforms.
Role of Knowledge Workers in Business Process and Innovation
Authors: Naikal Appasaheb , Bapna Mayank
Published: June 2019

Highly skilled knowledge workers are the main driving force for innovation; however, their innovation may not always ensure the achievement of business goals. Only the alignment of the innovation with business goals can transform their innovation into individual performance. Similarly variation in individual capabilities of knowledge workers may not lead to final business goals. This paper focuses on knowledge workers, their performance, the business processes followed and effectiveness of the business processes to enhance productivity of the organizations.
Tacit Knowledge Utilization for Global Impact and Organizational Practices
Authors: Janeš Aleksander , Biloslavo Roberto , Faganel Armand
Published: June 2019

The aquaculture sector stands at a crossroad because of the important changes in the business environment. Demand and competition for food is growing worldwide, fishery sector reached its limits and in this regard farmed fish sector represents a viable solution for food supply. A sustainable development of small business is recommended in order to develop knowledge and skills to support the growth of world population. In this view knowledge management for innovation is crucial to promote sustainable business models (BM) that can achieve a solid economic performance and at the same time take care of the natural environment. The purpose of this chapter is to contribute to the literature about sustainable BMs by an in-depth case study of a small fish farming company which developed competitiveness based on own tacit knowledge. The exemplary case study of a sustainable BM in aquaculture has been analyzed by use of an enhanced BM canvas that links various market oriented elements of a BM with the needs of society.
Implementing Eco-Innovation by Utilizing the Internet to Enhance Firm's Marketing Performance
Authors: Aryanto Vincent Didiek Wiet , Wismantoro Yohan , Widyatmoko Karis
Published: June 2019

The aim of this study is to explore a proposition of eco-innovation internet-based approach to bridge the gap between market orientation and marketing performance of the batik SMEs in Indonesia. Batik is an Indonesian art of waxed hand painting on the textile by utilizing of natural dyes. The 250 questionnaires were distributed among the SMEs actors; however, 189 out of 250 questionnaires were valid to be further processed. This research has provided some empirical evidence that the approach of e-eco-innovation has a significant impact on marketing performance. Furthermore, market orientation also has a significant impact on both marketing performance and e-eco-innovation. Therefore, the adoption of ICT (Internet & Communication Technology) and eco-innovation may contribute not only to the body of knowledge of green marketing but also for the practice of green marketing amongst SMEs in developing countries.
IPRs and Innovation, Technology Transfer, and Economic Welfare
Authors: Gil Juan Manuel , Madrid Luis Angel , Fajardo Carlos Hernán
Published: June 2019

The TRIPS agreement states that Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) protection should contribute to the promotion of technological innovation, economic welfare, and to the transfer and dissemination of technology. However, there is still no consensus on whether IPRs protection has achieved its goal. Thus, the chapter provides a discussion on how the impact of IPRs on innovation, technology transfer, and economic welfare is affected by the difference in the income level of the countries. The results suggest that in high-income and upper middle-income countries, IPRs have a positive impact in these variables. Nevertheless, it seems that in lower middle-income and low-income countries, IPRs have not increased innovation, spurred transfer of technology. or created economic welfare.
Impact of ICT on Innovation
Authors: Idota Hiroki , Bunno Teruyuki , Tsuji Masatsugu
Published: June 2019

The innovation process in SMEs (small- and medium-sized enterprises) is complex and in comparison with large firms the causal relationships between promoting factors and innovation have yet not been sufficiently clarified. This chapter attempts to analyze the innovation process using Structural Equation Modeling, in particular focusing on the role of ICT. Seven hypotheses are demonstrated by two models. The results obtained are as follows: (i) top management participation and employee motivation in the innovation process enhance the effect of introducing ICT; (ii) the effect of ICT use raises innovation capability, in particular the ability to connect with external linkages; (iii) ICT use, innovation capability and external linkages enhance innovation activity; and (iv) the effect of ICT use and innovation capability promote innovation directly.
Impact of Industry Conditions on Innovation
Authors: Ortt J. Roland , Egyedi Tineke Mirjam
Published: June 2019

This chapter underscores the importance of timing by focusing on the effect of pre-existing standards and regulations on the innovation and diffusion of new high-tech product innovations. The effect is assessed in terms of the time interval between the invention of a technological principle and the introduction of the first marketable product (development phase), and the successive time interval up to the start of large-scale industrial production and diffusion (adaptation phase). Fifty heterogeneous cases of new high-tech product innovations from 1850 onward are analysed. Results indicate that pre-existing standards and regulations significantly shorten the adaptation phase, an effect not found for the development phase. The shortening effect on the adaptation phase is particularly evident for more radical innovations and for innovations that are more interrelated with a larger technological system. This accelerating effect on the diffusion of innovations is highly relevant for innovation managers and policy makers alike.
Technological Forecasting of Sustainable Products
Authors: Silva Luan Carlos Santos , ten Caten Carla Schwengber , Gaia Silvia
Published: June 2019

The purpose of the work described in this chapter is to analyze the eco-innovations about hybrid cars. The data collection method consisted of a technological forecast. The research was carried out on the patent base Derwent Innovations Index from Web of Science. The United States is the leader in the ranking of hybrid car patents. However, countries such as Japan, China and Germany demonstrated a considerable increase. This study contributes toward other studies that focus on the acceleration of decisions in applications for inventive patents and aims to identify new technologies which can be quickly used by the productive sector and universities stimulating the licensing and encouraging the innovation in many countries.
Open Innovation in Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Rahman Hakikur
Published: June 2019

In spite of the increased acceptance by most of the corporate business houses around the world, the adaptation of strategies and concepts belonging to the newly evolved dimension of entrepreneurships, the open innovation (OI), countries in the East, West or South are yet to adapt appropriate strategies in their business practices, especially in order to reach out to the grass roots communities, or to the masses. So far, firms belonging to the small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) sector, irrespective of their numbers and contributions towards their national economies are lagging behind far in accepting open innovation strategies for their business advancements. While talking about this newly emerged business dimension, it comprises of complex and dynamically developed concepts like, management of various aspects of intellectual property, administration of patents, copyright and trademark issues or supervision of market trend for minute details related to knowledge acquisition. All these issues are largely responsible to add value to the business plan in terms of economy or knowledge gain, and organizations acting in this aspect deserve comprehensive researches and investigations. As most of the developed countries are already in their advanced stage in adopting open innovation strategies, finding this as a weak link in terms of entrepreneurships in less developed countries, this chapter intends to seek answers related to the mentioned issues focusing adaption of open innovation strategies in developing and transitional economies. It is a study on business houses or national efforts from countries belonging to these categories, deducting from a longitudinal literature review. The chapter goes on looking into other aspects of business development incorporating various OI concepts, synthesizes to build a reasonable framework to be applicable in the target economies, points out to some future research aspects and concludes the finding of this research. This study expects to enhance knowledge of entrepreneurs, academics and researchers by gaining specific knowledge on trend of open innovation strategies in developing and transitional countries.
The Increasing of the Regional Development Thanks to the Luxury Business Innovation
Authors: Giacosa Elisa
Published: June 2019

Innovative business models in a large and medium-sized luxury sector have not been widely discussed in the literature in terms of their impact on the regional development. Present publication is therefore aimed at filling this gap and to verify if innovative solutions and regional development may be linked to achievement of the competitive advantage. The benefits deriving from analysis conducted are: i) improved management of innovation strategies thanks to business model developed and ii) increase of consumer awareness about advantages of innovative products. For the purposes of research, a qualitative approach has been used. Only multiple internationally-recognized companies of large and medium dimensions have been considered due to their innovative business orientation passed down from one generation to the next.
Human Overpopulation
Authors: Uniyal Shivani , Paliwal Rashmi , Kaphaliya Bhumija , Sharma R. K.
Published: June 2019

Overpopulation has recognized as a global environmental problem since few decades, as it has caused a number of adverse effects on environment. Modern medical facilities and illiteracy in some interior regions of developing countries are the major reasons for development of this inverted pyramid demographic structure. Overpopulation has resulted in a series of catastrophic consequences by causing increased pressure on existing natural resources. Deforestation, effect on welfare, climate change, decline in biocapacity, urban sprawl, food security, increase in energy demand and effect on marine ecosystem are amongst most severe impacts of overpopulation. Concrete steps need to be taken on national and international level to combat the adverse effects of overpopulation, so that sustainability of natural resources can be ensured for future generations.
Consumption of Landed Properties in Africa
Authors: Ojo Sanya
Published: June 2019

This chapter demonstrates the impact of ethnic entombment practices on the consumption of housing market in a heterogeneous society. It illustrates the dynamics in relationships, either in inter-family interactions or exchanges between ‘the living and the dead'. This signifies an expanded traditional frontiers of stakeholders (e.g., marketers and governments) in the negotiation of consumption in the market. Particularly, the chapter analyses how circumstances of customs and belief systems impact the supply of houses and consequent deterioration of neighbourhoods (e.g., slumming). It draws on narratives gathered from in-depth interviews conducted with eleven informants/gatekeepers undertaken in a large metropolitan city in the South-West region of Nigeria. Findings reveal the interchange between culture and consumption in housing market and how the affective potentiality of a tradition initiates emotive configurations that shape a community's housing stock aesthetic exposition.
State Financed Social Housing Model in South Africa Requires Capacity Building Injection
Authors: Moss Vuyisani , Dinçer Hasan , Hacıoğlu Ümit
Published: June 2019

This chapter is based on the premise of Social Housing Institutions (SHIs) sustainability mechanisms. It is informed largely by National Housing Finance Corporation's (NHFC's) research findings on social housing developments commissioned on its behalf. The broad aim of the study was to conduct an audit survey through a critical appraisal and analysis of one of South Africa's social housing projects. The methodological approach was primarily through a thorough literature and documentation review this study had examined in addition to quantitative findings; the definition of social housing as a concept and how it has been operationalized in different markets. According to the findings the low levels of employment, low levels of income and the lack of industries in the area suggest that the affordability levels of the project tenants are low.
The Distance Education Phenomena
Authors: Crawford Caroline M.
Published: June 2019

The Instructional Design field has been significantly impacted by the distance education phenomena. With the strengthening of the distance education presence, more focus has been framed around concerns related to interactive activities that built upon the importance of communications and building relationships between the course information, the learners, the instructional facilitator, and the larger community wherein the information may be more fully framed. The vast and ever-expanding distance education phenomena is moving beyond the traditional “comfort zone” of procedural Instructional Design expectations, towards a more holistic and innovative thoughtful multimedia-supported design and development process wherein the Instructional Designers must be able to engage more fully in the socio-engagement of the learner within a multimedia-supported global community of learners. This chapter describes the developments of distance education from the perspective of instructional designers.
Biculturalism
Authors: Titus Freddie , Butcher Jennifer T.
Published: June 2019

Intercultural responsiveness in the Second Language Learning Classroom should encompass addressing bicultural education. Bicultural education must expand the spectrum of choice for cultural identity that students will eventually make, but should not make choices for them. The purpose of this chapter is to provide details, which incorporate researched-based information that will provide a deeper understanding of biculturalism. Biculturalism encompasses more than just cultural behaviors. Individuals choose aspects from their culture and receiving cultures and integrate them into one that does diminish either custom.
Social Media in Higher Education
Authors: Romero-Hall Enilda
Published: June 2019

This chapter discusses the current use of social media for professional growth, focusing on a case study that uses social media to increase instructional design graduate students' awareness and participation in professional growth opportunities. Social media metrics were analyzed from three social networking tools (Facebook Page, Twitter account, and/or Google+ community) that are used to communicate with the students in the program. Additional data was collected using an electronic questionnaire with open and closed-ended questions. The results show that graduate students' participation in the social media initiatives for professional growth provided awareness of self-directed, voluntary, and informal learning opportunities; engaged students in conversations with their peers and the instructors; and allowed the learners to expand their learning experience outside the traditional classroom format.
Effect of GI and Glogster on Improving the Intercultural Communication Skills in Higher Education
Authors: Awada Ghada M. , Diab Hassan B. , Faour Kawthar H.
Published: June 2019

The study reports the effect of group investigation (GI) cooperative learning method and the Glogster online poster on improving the intercultural communication skills of international students (n=54) of eight different countries. The study is premised on the proposition that the integration of GI and Glogster in classrooms consisting of Lebanese and non-Lebanese students could be effective in improving the intercultural communication skills of international students and enhancing their perceptions of intercultural communication. The study employed the mixed methods pretest-posttest control group experimental design whereby six Interactions Among Civilizations intact classes were randomly assigned to control and experimental conditions. Employing the intercultural sensitivity scale yielded findings indicating the significance of the GI and Glogster in developing the cultural adaptability and intercultural sensitivity of the experimental group participants (n=25) whereas the control group participants (n=28) did not show similar improvement.
Developing Intercultural Competence and Language Skills Through International Online Collaborative Learning
Authors: Saito Rieko , Thor Masako Hayakawa , Inose Hiroko
Published: June 2019

Raising the intercultural competence of learners has been one of the most important issues in language education in this global world, but how can we integrate intercultural education into our teaching? This chapter introduces two online exchange projects, one for the beginner level and one for the intermediate level, which were designed for Swedish learners of Japanese as a means to develop their intercultural competence through collaborative language learning. The projects were designed through collaboration between five universities in Europe and Asia. In this chapter, the authors explore how the intercultural competence of learners developed based on learners' reflections after each session and their answers in the questionnaire after the project. The study finds that the different language levels require teachers to take different approaches in designing the intercultural contents of the projects. The chapter ends with further discussions on how to design intercultural education in an online environment.
Intercultural Programming Without Intercultural Competence
Authors: Spitzman Emily
Published: June 2019

While there are many studies pointing to the need for international students to interact with domestic students for language and culture learning, there are very few studies exploring these interactions across cultures and how to best facilitate them. The author of this chapter provides an overview of the literature on intercultural competence development in higher education, and then explains a research study exploring a Conversation Partner Program, pairing international and domestic students together for weekly conversations. Through analysis of interviews and conversations between partners, it became clear that intercultural competence was not likely to develop between the partners. Unique to this study are the discursive features of this lack of intercultural competence as well as the situated, relational and discourse-specific nature of the exploration of interaction.
Translator Intercultural Competence
Authors: Yarosh Maria
Published: June 2019

This chapter proposes possible answers to the questions of what translator intercultural competence is and how it can be developed. Namely, an eight-factor model of the competence is proposed, associated learning objectives and developmental level indicators are introduced, and a ten-session pedagogical sequence aimed at student translators' intercultural competence development is suggested. The solutions presented cannot be considered as definitive but are based on both theoretical and empirical data.
Telecollaboration in Foreign Language Curricula
Authors: van der Kroon Linda , Jauregi Kristi , ten Thije Jan D.
Published: June 2019

The development of intercultural communicative competence is increasingly important in this globalised and highly digitalised world. This implies the adequate understanding of otherness, which entails a myriad of complex cognitive competences, skills and behaviour. The TILA project aims to study how the use of digital communication means in foreign language education can contribute to the development of intercultural understanding when communicating with peers across borders. Understanding is the result of a collaborative construction of shared knowledge, which can be supported through the use of meta-communicative devices (MCDs) (). This case study investigates how pupils used communication strategies during video communication sessions to achieve intercultural understanding. Results reveal that task-based telecollaboration sessions offer learners the opportunity to achieve mutual understanding by utilizing a variety of meta-communicative devices that help the learners to compare their cultures in relation to time, space and habits, verify meaning and clarify utterances.
Designing Assessment, Assessing Instructional Design
Authors: Panke Stefanie
Published: June 2019

Assessment plays a vital role in delivering, evaluating, monitoring, improving and shaping learning experiences on the Web, at the desk and in the classroom. In the process of orchestrating educational technologies instructional designers are often confronted with the challenge of designing or deploying creative and authentic assessment techniques. For an instructional designer, the focus of assessment can be on individual learning, organizational improvement or the evaluation of educational technologies. A common question across these domains is how to translate pedagogical concepts such as authenticity and creativity into concrete practical applications and metrics. Educational technologies can support creative processes and offer connections to authentic contexts, just as well as they can curtail creativity and foster standardized testing routines. The chapter discusses theoretical frameworks and provides examples of the conceptual development and implementation of assessment approaches in three different areas: Needs assessment, impact assessment and classroom assessment.
Identity, Power, and Discomfort
Authors: Hart Andrew , Lantz Caprice , Montague Jane
Published: June 2019

The development of intercultural competence in higher education students is widely seen as desirable yet the processes involved in this development are not fully understood. This chapter sets out the position that the development of intercultural competence in students is dependent upon their undergoing some shift in their identity by actively engaging in ‘transformative learning'. Focusing on the UK context, the authors contend that this transformational process is fraught with challenges and involves several key psychological and interpersonal factors which are not widely acknowledged (including positioning, cultural voyeurism and repressive tolerance). These can involve acute discomfort for the student as s/he develops a critical awareness of power relations and of their place within them. The chapter concludes that ongoing dialogue and dispute in the context of criticality embedded in the curriculum are necessary to support the student in this transformative learning experience.
Target Language, Target Culture
Authors: Escobar José Carlos
Published: June 2019

Learning a language must result in becoming competent in a new culture because accessing the culture language stands for and being able to share its cultural content requires learning not just the meaning but also the historical and social background of its vocabulary. Words reveal the linguistic and social behavior of native speakers and give students a full understanding of the target language. This chapter deals with different concerns present in foreign language classrooms, a space where language and intercultural competence must be developed. It describes some linguistic competence-related concerns (Section 1), then it deals with specific intercultural related aspects of grammar and perception which are part of the linguistic competence to be developed in class (Section 2) and it finishes with a general description of three basic ways used in the Spanish-as-second-language (SSL) classroom in order to teach language and culture so as to help students to develop intercultural competence (Section 3).
Dealing With Cross-Cultural Issues in Culturally Diverse Classrooms
Authors: Bücker Joost , Bouw Rens , De Beuckelaer Alain
Published: June 2019

This study examines the extent to which faculties receive support in their coping with the challenge of cultural differences in their international classroom. The authors explore this relationship in eight business schools in Dutch research universities. These cases offer an in-depth description of the problems encountered in cross-cultural interactions, such as development of monocultural groups, lack of proper foreign language understanding, and stereotyping. They also discuss potential solutions in terms of language training, cultural awareness training for both teachers and students, institutional support, and the business school's rationale for internationalization.
Understanding Teachers' Cultural Competencies
Authors: Dolzhenko Inna N. , Young Jemimah L.
Published: June 2019

As linguistic and cultural diversity in public schools continues to rise, an increased need for culturally aware teachers is warranted. This chapter informs the development of cultural competencies in teachers by integrating anti-bias education (ABE) goals into teacher preparation. Existing research in preparing teachers to work with diverse student populations tends to focus on how teachers gain appropriate knowledge and practices to work effectively at school. However, there is little evidence that researchers have approached the issue of developing teacher's cultural competencies with the intent of building a cohesive understanding and providing practical tools, such as ABE goals, to positively influence the development of social awareness and self-awareness in teachers and their students. Consequently, the aim of this chapter is to provide empirical evidence to substantiate the instructional importance of understanding the development of teacher's cultural competencies.
Emergent Technologies Shaping Instructional Design
Authors: Roubides Pascal
Published: June 2019

This chapter discusses emergent technologies that are currently shaping or expected to shape the field of instructional design in the near future. The discussion begins with a brief overview of instructional design as a professional field over the past century, then focuses on current and promising trends for the field based on advances in technologies supporting instructional development. This chapter intends to provide a centralized literature review of multiple pathways currently being carved in the field, encompassing several parallel trending areas, such as adaptive learning, digital storytelling, gamification, simulation technologies, augmented and virtual reality, cybernetics, the xAPI standard, mobile and ubiquitous learning, and offer a glimpse of how they are shaping or expected to shape the future of all those involved in designing and delivering learning or effecting human behavior and performance change.
Developing a Reflexive Teaching Model
Authors: Shambaugh Neal
Published: June 2019

A reflexive teaching model, which has both instructor and students examine their learning beliefs and teaching decisions during a course, has been used for 23 years in the teaching of a graduate instructional design course. Teaching model development is reported across four time periods. During Period 1 (1994-1999) the model was studied in a five-year case study using design and development research and is summarized using the Models of Teaching framework (Joyce, Weil, & Calhoun, 2014). Period 2 (1999-2001) reports the use of scenarios to test out new participation structures within the model. Period 3 (2001-2006) documents how the model was used in blended deliveries. Period 4 (2007-2016) summarizes changes in teaching procedures and participation when the course was delivered totally online. The chapter concludes with comments on developing a teaching model and a longitudinal agenda for studying one's teaching.
Forms and Mechanisms of Economic Cooperation Between Russia and Belarus Within the Union State
Authors: Eremina Natalia
Published: June 2019

On December 8, 2019, the Union State will celebrate its twentieth anniversary. During this time, a fairly long way has been covered - the main institutions were built, the tools for deepening and intensifying integration were defined, the people of Russia and Belarus acquired new opportunities. The Union State of Belarus and Russia is an actual research topic, since regional integration is now the trend of global development. And it is the Union State that is viewed by experts as the basis of the integration processes in the post-Soviet space. The Union State acts as a tool for enhancing integration processes in general in the post-Soviet space and explains to the citizens of the countries the advantages of these processes. The purpose of this study is to analyze the dynamics of the integration process within the framework of the Union State, to determine its factor in the intensification of regional integration in the post-Soviet space.
Globalization in the Ottoman Empire
Authors: Karataşer Büşra
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this chapter is to examine how globalization has played a decisive role in the Ottoman Empire and how it created reform through international trade policies and institutions. The first part will examine the concept of globalization and the integration of the Ottoman Empire into the West, the fundamentals of the Ottomanmentality and the effects of globalization on the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century. The second part will examine how globalization played a decisive role in the Ottoman Empire, the 19th century Ottoman economy, Ottoman international trade, and Ottoman external loans. The third part examines the institutionalization and modernization of the Ottoman Empire, reforms in naval affairs during the reign of Abdul Hamid II, and the organization of the navy. The fourth part will examine the institutional relations in the Ottoman Empire after globalization. Institutions will be examined in terms of how they were restructured or how new ones were created to adapt to a new world order.
The Efficiency of Corporate Tax Incentives in Developing Countries Based on Foreign Direct Investments
Authors: Güzel Simla
Published: June 2019

During the last quarter century, a remarkable global growth was experienced in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), especially the developing countries, considered FDIs as an important factor in overall economic development strategies. The developing countries aim to attract foreign capital to strengthen their local economy, increase market opportunities, and provide better services to the society. For this purpose, these nations implement various types of tax incentives. Although there are several studies on the effectiveness of tax incentives in FDI, the issue has not been tackled with respect to developing countries. The present study scrutinized the effectiveness of corporate tax incentives in developing countries based on FDI. In conclusion, it could be suggested that tax incentives may be effective in increasing FDI; however, in this group of countries with low level of investments and complex laws in taxation and other fields and could not cope with innovations, red tape and poor governance, it is also important to develop the organizational infrastructure for investments.
The Impact of Devaluation on Balance of Trade
Authors: Hailu Suadiq Mehammed , Saliya Abdela Yasin
Published: June 2019

The aim of this chapter is to investigate the short and long-run impact of devaluation of the trade balance of Ethiopia. Devaluation has been used as a measure to improve trade balance. The data was collected from the World Bank for the years 1990 to 2017 and analyzed by applying an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach and an Error Correction Model (ECM). The empirical findings show that the long run Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) significantly and negatively correlated with the trade balance. The error correction coefficient which shows the adjustment of disequilibrium in the subsequent year is also significant. The empirical result indicated that devaluation of the Birr can improve the trade balance of Ethiopia. However, in reality, the trade balance of Ethiopia is not improved through a consecutive Birr devaluation. This may be resulted from the non-responsiveness of import to devaluation of the Birr, shortage of import substitute domestic products and the dependency of exports on primary agriculture products.
A polícia política na Bulgária socialista – A “máquina de legitimação” do regime, 1944-1989
Authors: Bachvarova Elitza L
Published: June 2019

Este trabalho examina o caráter, o funcionamento e as mudanças do aparelho de segurança do Estado, os "arcana imperii" socialistas, na Bulgária pré-1989. Com base na noção de ‘governança’ de Foucault e de sua formulação do ‘poder’ como sendo construtivo e repressivo ao mesmo tempo, o presente artigo analisa o braço forte do regime visto como instituição de gestão do conhecimento. A importância da vigilância para a política moderna e a dinâmica do sigilo são discutidas como sendo estruturadas por tecnologias de exclusão, obstrução e revelação. A segurança estatal é contextualizada com respeito ao objetivo revolucionário do século vinte, de forjar o novo sujeito socialista.

Abstract

Bulgaria’s Political Police – The Socialist Regime’s Legitimation Machine, 1994-1989

This work examines the character, functioning and changes therein of the state security apparatus, the socialist "arcana imperii," in pre-1989 Bulgaria. Building on Foucault’s notion of ‘governance’ and on his formulation of power as both productive and repressive, the paper aims to analyze the political strong arm of the regime as a knowledge management institution. The importance of surveillance for modern politics and the dynamics of secrecy are discussed as structured by technologies of exclusion, obstruction, and revelation. State security is contextualized through the perspective of the 20th century revolutionary objective to engineer the new socialist subject

Resumen

La Policía Política en la Bulgaria Socialista - La "Máquina de Legitimación" del Régimen, 1944-1989

Este trabajo examina el carácter, el funcionamiento y los cambios en el aparato de seguridad del Estado, los "arcana imperii" socialistas, en la Bulgaria anterior a 1989. Basándose en la noción de ‘gobernanza’ de Foucault y en su formulación del ‘poder’ como productivo y represivo al mismo tiempo, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el brazo político fuerte del régimen como una institución de gestión del conocimiento. La importancia de la vigilancia para la política moderna y la dinámica del secreto son discutidas como estructuradas por tecnologías de exclusión, obstrucción y revelación. La seguridad del Estado se contextualiza desde la perspectiva del objetivo revolucionario del siglo XX de producir el nuevo sujeto socialista