bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential Antibacterial Efficacy of Garlic Extract on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae: An In vitro Study
Authors: Abidullah Mohammed , Jadhav Pradnya , Sujan S. Sri , Shrimanikandan Ayyapa Gandhi , Reddy Chukka Rakesh , Wasan Raj Kumar
Published: June 2021

Background:

Garlic has been recommended by many ancient medicines such as the Chinese and the Indian medicine to cure respiratory and digestive issues along with treating microbial infestation and leprosy. The therapeutic effects encompass many advantages in the field of cardiovascular system, antibiotics, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and hormone-like effects.

Aims and Objective:

The present study was carried out to evaluate the garlic antibacterial effect against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pneumoniae from patients attending referral hospital.

Materials and Methods:

The isolation of bacteria was done from pus sample collected from referral hospital, Bedar, Karnataka, with sterile swabs. The study samples were inoculated under aseptic conditions on culture media such as nutrient agar, blood agar, and MacConkey agar plates and isolated the pathogen bacteria such as E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and S. aureus. The garlic bulbs were peeled off and then ligated using pestle simultaneously with addition of minor quantity of H2O for preparation of plant extract and study the antimicrobial effect of garlic on these bacteria.

Results:

The result showed that garlic extracts have a high range of antibacterial effect against both Gram-negative (E. coli and K. pneumoniae) and Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus.

Conclusion:

The present study observations revealed that garlic makes large clear zones in comparison to the currently available antibiotics used in the study. The potentiality of the garlic can be utilized in the field of antibacterial agents. It can be prepared in the form of tablets in the best concentrations and affordable dosages so that it can be used as medicine against these pathogenic organisms.
Assessing the Articular Eminence Asymmetry in Dentate, Partially Edentulous and Edentulous patients Using Cone-Beam Ct
Authors: Hamza Mushtaq Kose , Shantha Abhinethra Mariyappa , Ashwathappa Deepak Timmasandra , Rajanna Shobha , Puttegowda Arun Khondapura
Published: June 2021

Background and Objectives:

The relationship between the articular eminence (AE) inclination and masticatory system in the biomechanics of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is defined by the degree with normal values of 30°–60° obtained between the posterior wall of the AE and a horizontal reference plane. The purpose of this study was to assess the asymmetry of the AE in dentate, partially edentulous, and edentulous patients using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging and to compare the determined asymmetry in the dentulous with partially and completely edentulous patients.

Materials and Methods:

CBCT images of 120 TMJ joints in sixty patients were evaluated. AE inclination and height values were traced on the central sagittal slice of right and left TMJ. The patients were grouped as dentate, partially edentulous, and edentulous with an age range of 20–80 years. Statistical analysis included student's paired and independent t-test, analysis of variance, and Tukey's post hoc test, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

AE inclination revealed highest value in dentate patients (60.98 ± 5.42) followed by partially edentulous (53.40 ± 7.91) and lowest in the edentulous patients (51.43 ± 3.63). P < 0.001 was statistically significant between these groups.

Conclusion:

The results obtained in the present study showed steep inclination of AE in dentate followed by partially edentulous and edentulous subjects. No significant differences among the age, gender, and sides were found.
Efficacy of Curcumin and Topical Steroids in the Treatment for Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Comparative study
Authors: Deepak T. A. , Manjunath M. , Thakur Harshita
Published: June 2021

Context:

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic debilitating disease of the oral cavity, characterized by inflammation and progressive fibrosis of the submucosal tissues. The main agent involved in the pathogenesis of OSMF is areca nut. A wide range of treatment, including drug management, surgical therapy, and physiotherapy, has been attempted till date, with varying degrees of benefit.

Aims:

The objective of this study was to assess efficacy of curcumin for the treatment of OSMF; to asses efficacy of topical steroids for the treatment of OSMF; and to compare the efficacy of curcumin and topical steroid for the treatment of OSMF.

Setting and Design:

Participants were assessed based subjective and objective feature of OSMF, i.e., burning sensation of the oral cavity and interincisal distance, respectively.

Methodology:

Thirty participants were categorized into two groups: Group A was administered curcumin and Group B was administered topical steroids for a period of 3 months and followed up after 6 months. The assessment was based on maximal incisal opening and burning sensation for spicy food on Visual Analog Scale score.

Analysis:

Independent t test was applied for comparison within the group, ANOVA Bonferroni post hoc test was applied for multiple comparison of mean and Mann–Whitney U test was applied to compare the groups.

Results:

The statistical analysis revealed curcumin to be more efficient than topical steroid.

Conclusion:

The present study demonstrates the efficiency of curcumin and topical steroid to alleviate the clinical findings of OSMF. However, curcumin is comparatively more efficient than steroids for the treatment of OSMF.
Evaluation of Bone Regeneration around Implants with and Without Flap Elevation
Authors: Sinha Sachin , Kumar Santosh , Sonoo Priyanshu Ranjan , Kumar Utkarsh , Siddhartha Rohit , Singh Sanjay Kumar
Published: June 2021

Background:

The aim of this study is to clinically evaluate and compare the clinical success and the relative bone healing of the implants which are placed using a flapless procedure and compare it to those placed by the conventional flap technique.

Materials and Methods:

This study was conducted with ten patients that were randomly divided into two groups. Group A included patients with immediately placed implants after extraction with flap elevation. Group B included patients with immediately placed implants after extraction without any flap elevation. The clinical parameters recorded were Plaque index, Modified Gingival Index, Early Wound Healing Index, Buser's criteria, Distance between implant shoulder and the crestal bone (DIB), and Radiographic Examination in a standardized manner to evaluate changes for the DIB values.

Results:

There was an improvement in Plaque Score from baseline to 1 month and baseline to abutment placement (6 months), which was statistically significant, but the plaque score from 3 months to abutment placement (6 months) was statistically nonsignificant in both the group. There was an increase in modified gingival score from baseline to 3 months, baseline to abutment placement (6 months), and 3 months to abutment placement (6 months), which was statistically significant in both the groups. The DIB scores in Group A recorded at baseline to 6 months were 2.80 ± 0.57 and 1.90 ± 0.42, respectively, showing a mean difference of −0.90 and P = 0.001 in comparison. Whereas, the DIB scores in Group B at baseline to 6 months were 3.20 ± 0.57 and 2.50 ± 0.50, respectively, showing a mean difference of −0.70 and P = 0.001 in comparison. The DIC scores in Group A at baseline to 6 months were 1.60 ± 0.54 and 0.00 ± 0.00, respectively, showing a mean difference of −1.60 and P = 0.003 in comparison, Whereas the DIC scores in Group B at baseline to 6 months were 1.40 ± 0.54 and 0.00 ± 0.00, respectively, showing a mean difference of −1.40 and P = 0.005 in comparison.

Conclusion:

Implants placed in fresh extraction sockets with and without mucoperiosteal flap elevation can be successfully done with augmentation procedures. Short-term survival rates and clinical outcomes of both groups were similar and appeared to be predictable treatment modalities.
Effect of Conventional Periodontal Treatment (Scaling and Root Planing) on Type-2 Diabetic Patient with Moderate Generalized Chronic Periodontitis: A Clinical Study
Authors: Sinha Sachin , Sonoo Priyanshu Ranjan , Siddhartha Rohit , Singh Sanjay Kumar , Singh Anjali
Published: June 2021

Background:

The aim is to assess the effect of periodontal therapy and scaling and root planing (SRP) on the metabolic control in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with chronic periodontitis based on the estimation of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c).

Materials and Methods:

A prospective, comparative, clinical study was performed on 50 patients suffering from Type 2 DM with moderate, generalized chronic periodontitis. Type 2 moderately controlled diabetic patients with HbA1c values within the range of 6%–8% were selected. The parameters recorded were gingival index, plaque index, sulcus bleeding index, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, and HbA1c. The recordings were done at baseline and 6 months after SRP procedures.

Results:

Reductions in all the clinical parameters were observed and were found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

SRP resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the clinical parameters and HbA1c. Hence, periodontal treatment should be included in the management of diabetic patients.
Oral and Esophageal Cancer: Incidence, Prevalence and Correlation in General Indian Population: A retrospective Study
Authors: Khare Manish , Dewangan Yatindra , Nayak Tarun , Singh Dharmendra Kumar , Vibhakar Vimal , Ramesh Kumar
Published: June 2021

Background:

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequent head-and-neck malignancy and chiefly encompasses malignancies of the upper aerodigestive tract, including the oral cavity, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx, pharynx, and larynx.

Objectives:

The current study was conducted to evaluate the incidence, prevalence, and correlation of oral and esophageal cancer in the Indian population.

Materials and Methods:

The present study was conducted on the basis of data collected from various government cancer hospitals in India. A total of 1000 patients of either sex admitted to the oncology ward with head-and-neck cancer from June 2018 to June 2020 were included in the study. Information regarding family history, deleterious habits, and immunity status was also collected from their medical records. The readings were recorded in a master chart, and data analysis was carried out statistically.

Results:

A total of 1000 patients (617 males and 383 females) between the age range of 38 and 86 years were selected for the study. A total of 425 out of 1000 patients had esophageal cancer, whereas, 575 patients had oral cancer. A total of 347 males and 228 females had oral cancer, whereas 270 males and 155 females had esophageal cancer. Among the patients with oral cancer, 44 presented with a history of cigarette smoking, 49 with bidi smoking, 140 with tobacco chewing, 142 with gutkha chewing, and 159 with betel quid chewing. Majority of the patients had a habit of consuming tobacco in smokeless form. Among the patients with esophageal cancer, 175 presented with a history of cigarette smoking, 136 with bidi smoking, 12 with tobacco chewing, 13 with gutkha chewing, and nine with betel quid chewing.

Conclusion:

The incidence of both types of cancer was high in older age group, particularly in those aged above 50 years. Males had a higher predilection rate than females for both cancer types. The incidence of oral cancer was higher than that of esophageal cancer. Majority of the patients with oral cancer had a history of tobacco consumption in smokeless form, whereas the ones with esophageal cancer reported with a history of tobacco consumption in smoked form.
Osseointegration of Dental Implants in Ridges with Insufficient Bones using Different Membranes for Guided Bone Regeneration
Authors: Vaibhav Vikas , Sinha Abhishek , Bolisetty Deepika , Verma Abhishek , Kumar Kunal , Singh Sanjeev
Published: June 2021

Background:

The use of membrane with the guided bone regeneration (GBR) has been a controversial aspect of the implant placement, which helps achieve the primary graft stabilization and inhibit early graft loss.

Objectives:

The present clinical trial was aimed to determine the results of GBR with nonresorbable (expanded polytetrafluoroethylene [e-PTFE]) and resorbable (collagen) membrane both clinically and radiographically for 2 years with dental implant placement.

Materials and Methods:

16 subjects having 32 sites for implant placement in a split-mouth pattern were included in the study. The sites for implant was prepared and grafted with the autogenous graft procured from the mandibular ramus area followed by graft coverage with either e-PTFE or collagen membrane. Various radiographic and clinical parameters were assessed for 2 years at an interval of 6 months each. The collected data were recorded for each study subject for all the implant sites and were statistically analyzed.

Results:

The mean values for periodontal probing depth at 6 months, 12 months, 18 months, and 24 months were 2.25 ± 0.17, 2.67 ± 1.84, 2.64 ± 1.21, and 3.01 ± 0.52, respectively, for the e-PTFE group. For the collagen group, the probing depth mean values at 6 months, 12 months, 18 months, and 24 months were 2.30 ± 0.14, 2.59 ± 1.76, 2.62 ± 1.30, and 2.98 ± 0.81, respectively. The corresponding clinical and radiographic parameters at all time intervals were nonsignificant on the intergroup comparison.

Conclusion:

Dental implants placed with simultaneous GBR have an acceptable survival rate at the end of 2 years irrespective of the resorbable or non-resorbable membrane used.
Remineralization of Artificial Dentin Lesion In vitro using Dental Nanomaterials
Authors: Rai Roshni U. , Ranjan Ravi , Kumar Mukesh , Mukri Uzma , Mala Nutan , Kumar Kunal
Published: June 2021

Background:

Teeth in the human body are the most mineralized tissue, which contain both organic and inorganic components. Demineralization and remineralization of teeth occur continuously, but demineralization causes structural loss of a tooth.

Aim:

This study was done to find the effect of ceramic by adding mono-n-Dodecyl phosphate to ceramic in dentin remineralization.

Materials and Methods:

A total of sixty permanent intact tooth specimens were randomly divided into four equal groups: Group 1: control group, Group 2: dentin was etched and restored with plain ceramic restoration, Group 3: etched dentin restored with ceramic containing 2% mono-n-Dodecyl phosphate, and Group 4: etched dentin restored with ceramic containing 5% mono-n-Dodecyl phosphate. Each sample was immersed completely in simulated body fluid and was kept in an incubator at 37°C to simulate the human body environment. Knoop microhardness measurements were recorded at 10, 20, and 38 days.

Results:

Knoop microhardness of dentin (KHN) reduced to 32.6% after dentin was etched. No significant difference was found between group 2, 3 and 4 after 10 days. KHN value was increased and showed significant changes restored with group 2 and 3, group 3 showed nonsignificant changes.

Conclusion:

Through this study, we found that Ceramic can be used as a remineralizing agent to restore marginal dentine around of the cavity and root lesions from secondary caries.
Evaluation of Oral Hygiene Status in Patients with Hemorrhagic and Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Sinha Raman Kant , Singh Anupama , Kishor Amit , Richa Shree , Kumar Rajiva , Kumar Abhishek
Published: June 2021

Background:

Stroke can broadly be categorized into ischemic or hemorrhagic. Ischemic stroke accounts for 85% of cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs), whereas hemorrhagic stroke accounts for 15% of CVAs. Stroke is broadly associated with loss of sensation or unilateral paralysis of orofacial structures.

Objectives:

The present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of various oral features in patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred patients diagnosed with stroke admitted in the intensive care unit were included in the study. The evaluation of oral manifestations and their prevalence was done by a well-experienced oral medicine expert deputed in the dental department of the hospital. A single examiner performed all oral evaluations.

Results:

The mean and median for the age were 60.8 and 59. Sixty of 100 patients were male, whereas 38 were female. Forty patients had hemorrhagic stroke, whereas 60 had ischemic stroke. Senenty-eight patients of 100 had features of periodontitis, 90 of 100 patients presented with halitosis, 79 presented with caries, 83 patients had positive signs of tongue hypermobility, and 75 patients had dysphagia.

Conclusion:

Oral hygiene is the most neglected aspect during rehabilitation in stroke patients. It is critical for stroke patients to receive thorough oral care, as it can prevent other systemic ailments and potentially life-threatening complications like aspiration pneumonia.
Assessment of Periodontal Status and Treatment Needs among Beedi Factory Workers
Authors: Singh Anupama , Sinha Raman Kant , Richa Shree , Kumar Rajiva , Kishor Amit , Kumar Abhishek
Published: June 2021

Introduction:

Periodontal disease is considered to be one of the most common oral conditions in human population sharing an equal prevalence rate in both developed and developing countries. It is observed that in India, more than 800 million beedis are sold every year; hence, beedi making is a big industry involving approximately 4.4 million workers, and 76% of these workers are women.

Objectives:

The objectives of this study were to assess the frequency of gingival and periodontal disease and to evaluate the treatment needs in labors working in a beedi factory.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1000 daily wage labors working in a beedi factory resided at Patna, Bihar. Subjects aged between 19 and 60 years were randomly selected for the study. The community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN) index with CPTIN probe along with the demographic data was recorded in daylight.

Results:

None of the study subjects was found to fall in category community periodontal index-1 (CPI-1), 67.2% of the study population was found to be in CPI-2, 12.3% were found to be in CPI-3, and 9.7% of the study subjects scored CPI-4. For the treatment needs, majority of the subjects were in TN2 category; however, with advancing age, there was increase in the percentage of population requiring TN3 treatment needs.

Conclusion:

CPITN index along with the demographic data was recorded in daylight. The high prevalence rate of periodontal disease in these beedi factory workers was found, which increased with advancing age. The treatment need index also showed rise in the requirement of complex procedures with advancing age, suggesting the role of dental education and regular checkups in these population groups.
Oral Health Myths among General Population at Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Gowdar Inderjit Murugendrappa , Alqahtani Ali Mesfer , Asiri Ali Mohammed , Aldossary Shaya Farhan , Alkhurayef Ibrahim Abdullah , Alheneshi Dhafer Ibrahim
Published: June 2021

Background:

Taboos or myths have got a connection from the history where there was no scientific understanding about the concepts of health they are part of culture and information shared or communicated by a number of people. Understanding myths and misbelieves are important to provide good oral care with health education to the people.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of oral health myths and to find its association between the demographic factors of general public in the Riyadh region of Saudi Arabia.

Methodology:

Questionnaire consisting of demographic details and myths about oral health problems was sent through Google forms. The link of questionnaire was sent through social media and requested to send the link to their friends and relatives.

Results:

About 50.71% of the study participants were against to myths and 23.48% of study participants were toward myths. The response in terms of agreement, disagreement or do not know was statistically not significant according to age, gender, or education.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of myths about dental treatment is almost 50%. This population needs to be educated to know the fact and to take action to rectify them about dental treatments.
Knowledge and Attitude Regarding COVID-19 among Students from Multiple Professional Background in Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sharanesha Rajashekhara Bhari , Aljuai Bader Khalid , Alfaifi Tariq Ahmed , Shukr Abdulelah M. , Bamuqadm Mohammed Abdullah , Alhoti Abdulmalik Abdullah
Published: June 2021

Introduction:

Coronavirus disease 2019 is abbreviated as “COVID-19” caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus 2 first emerged in Wuhan, China, on December 2019. On 15th of March, this disease has been classified by the World Health Organization as a pandemic and a global public health emergency.

Objective:

The study's aim was to evaluate the knowledge and behavior toward the virus among professional students of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study done on 753 students which were invited to complete a Google document using a 20-item electronic questionnaire that was design to gauge knowledge and attitude toward COVID-19. The study was conducted from February 20 to March 18, 2020 in Alkharj and Riyadh region.

Results:

The predominant sex is male (73%), the common age is <25 years old, more medical students were involved in the study than any other specialty and the predominant educational degree of the participants was bachelors. The awareness of mode of transmission of novel coronavirus infection is less in business administration participants compare to others and is highly significant (P ˂ 0.001). Most of the participants (588 [98%]) were aware of coronavirus but only 302 (50%) of respondents are aware of COVID-19 which is highly significant (P ˂ 0.001).

Conclusion:

The results are mostly uniform among different professional students with the exception of some knowledge-related questions. The Internet was the main source of information, so there is a need to create more awareness about COVID-19 through social media.
Oral Health and Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case Control Study
Authors: Ahmed Suhael , Kumar Shubham , Alsaadi Rana Ali , Ansari Faisal Mohiuddin , Abrol Surbhi , Bhowmick Devleena , Tabassum Nafeesa
Published: June 2021

Introduction:

Association between oral health and rheumatoid arthritis is well established. Oral health-related quality of life was determined in patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Materials and Methods:

This study was conducted among 45 patients (males 25 and female 20) (Group I) of RA and 45 healthy participants as control (Group II). Disease activity score 28 test, health assessment questionnaire (HAQ), and general oral health assessment index (GOHAI) questionnaire were applied.

Results:

The mean HAQ score in Group I was 1.14 and in Group II was 0.36. The mean GOHAI score in Group I was 36.4 and in Group II was 52.8. The mean HAQ in males was 0.94 and in females was 34.6. The mean GOHAI in males was 12.6 and in females was 38.2. In Group I, there were 15 patients with HAQ level 1 and 30 with HAQ level 2 and in Group II was 40 with HAQ levels 1 and 5 with HAQ level 2. In Group I, 42 had Dt GOHAI = 0 and 3 had Dt GOHAI = 1 and in Group II, 10 had Dt GOHAI = 0 and 35 had Dt GOHAI = 1. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the mean value of HAQ and GOHAI in degree of disease activity (P < 0.05). There was an increase in HAQ and decreases GOHAI scores with the deterioration of disease. There was a correlation between age and involved joints with HAQ and inverse relationship between age and involved joints with GOHAI.

Conclusion:

Authors found that RA patients had poor oral health quality of life. It was found that aging and with the deterioration of disease, GOHAI, and the oral health quality of life of patients decreased.
Incidence and Severity of Postoperative Pain Following Root Canal Treatment in Nonvital Pulps with Hand and Rotary Instrumentation Techniques in Chhattisgarh Population
Authors: Motlani Mahesh , Prasad P. Krishna , Makkad Ramanpal Singh , Nair Rashmi , Khiyani Saara , Batra Sushmita
Published: June 2021

Aim:

To evaluate the incidence and severity of postoperative pain following root canal treatment in nonvital pulps with hand and rotary instrumentation techniques in Chhattisgarh population.

Materials and Methods:

Sixty asymptomatic single-canaled nonvital teeth were selected and were divided into two groups of 30 each. Group I: 30 single-canalled teeth were treated in a single visit and prepared with hand file system. Group II: 30 single-canaled teeth treated in a single visit and prepared with K3-rotary file system. Group I and II were divided into two subgroups of 15 each (Group IA, IB and Group IIA, IIB) which were irrigated with 2% chlorhexidine and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, respectively. The patients were recalled at 24, 48, and 72 h and at 1 week to record the incidence and severity of postoperative pain by using visual analog scale.

Results:

Results showed low incidence and severity of postoperative pain following a single-visit treatment with rotary instrumentation when compared to hand instrumentation technique. No statistical significant difference was observed between the groups at different time intervals, i.e., at 24, 48, and 72 h and at 1 week. The use of recent endodontic techniques and devices reduces the postoperative pain.

Conclusions:

Postoperative pain after root canal treatment ranged from mild to severe and it can happen even after high-standard root canal treatment. There is low incidence and severity of postoperative pain following a single-visit treatment with rotary instrumentation when compared to hand instrumentation technique.
Analysis of Surface Roughness and Three-dimensional Scanning Topography of Zirconia Implants before and after Photofunctionalization by Atomic Force Microscopy: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Jaikumar R. Arun , Karthigeyan Suma , Ramesh Bhat T.R , Naidu Madhulika , Praveen Raj G. R. , Natarajan Senthil
Published: June 2021

Aim:

To analyze surface roughness and three-dimensional (3D) scanning topography parameters of zirconia implants before and after photofunctionalization by atomic force microscopy (AFM).

Materials and Methods:

Ten commercially available zirconia implants five each in the study and control group were taken. The study group was subjected to ultraviolet (UV) radiation for 48 h using the shorter wavelength of 254 nm. After washing all the implants with 70% alcohol and drying, 3D surface topography and roughness parameters were analyzed using CSC 17 probe AFM at three different magnifications 25 μm, 50 μm, and 80 μm, respectively.

Results:

The surface topography and calculated mean amplitude, spatial, and hybrid parameters of the study group were higher than the control group (P < 0.05) in all three magnifications. Up to scale depth and peak value for the study and control group were (−0.4–0.4: −2-1) (−0.75 to 0.6:−1–1.3) (−0.75-−0.5: −1.5-1.3) for the study and control group at 25, 50, and 80 μm magnification, respectively. This indicates that photofunctionalization increased surface roughness of Zirconia implants to desirable extent.

Conclusion:

There is a definite difference in the quantitative topographic characteristics with zirconia implants being microroughned after photofunctionalization (UV treatment).
Self-Reported Knowledge and Practice of Interdental Aids among People of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia – A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Gufran Khalid , Alanazi Khalid Muslih , Alanazi Abdulrhman Khalid , Alqwiri Abdulmajeed Saeed , Alsubaie Faiz Mohammed , Alotaibi Nawaf Munawir
Published: June 2021

Background:

Periodontal disease is a common pathological oral ailment which affects the supporting structures of the teeth. Dental plaque is one of the major causes for gingivitis and periodontitis. If left untreated, this will lead to tooth loss. Studies have shown that oral prophylaxis will reduce gingival and periodontal inflammation by removing the plaque in all the surfaces. The objective was to assess knowledge and practice of interdental aids among people of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Methodology:

A descriptive study was conducted among people using questionnaire.

Results:

96% of the subjects brushed their teeth with brush and paste. 59% of the study subjects had knowledge regarding interdental aids, whereas only 15% of them practiced it. 72% of the people mentioned that dentists gave information regarding interdental aids.

Conclusions:

Among the study subjects, even though there were deficits in few areas, overall knowledge about interdental aids was good and it increased with increasing level of education.
Comparative Evaluation of Internal Margin Adaptation and Integrity of Class I Preparations using Two Composites: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Bhol Subhasmita , Patwa Neha , Sharan Suprabha , Sha Shemil Mohamed , Abdul Muqthadir Siddiqui Mohammed , Pius Alen , Singh Shalini
Published: June 2021

Aim and Objectives:

The aim of this study is to evaluate the internal margin adaptation and integrity of Class 1 preparations using two composites types (bulk fill/conventional) with two placement methods (4/2 mm increments).

Materials and Methods:

Class 1 preparations of 4 mm × 4 mm dimensions were made on 30 extracted human mandibular molars. They were randomly divided into three groups; among them, in Group 1 (n = 10), cavities were filled with SureFil SDR Bulk Fill, Group 2 (n = 10) cavities were filled with Filtek Bulk Fill of 4 mm increments in both groups, and in Group 3 (n = 10), cavities were filled with conventional composite Filtek Z350 with 2 mm increments. Samples were sectioned occlusogingivally. Then, dye was on internal margins, and images of each specimen were recorded using a digital camera to evaluate the marginal integrity and adaptation of restorative material to the tooth surface with image analysis software. Then, collected data were put under the statistical analysis with analysis of variance test and post hoc Tukey's test.

Results:

There was no significant difference in overall dye penetration in bulk fill and conventional (incremental fill) composite resins; however, when dye penetration was evaluated at different locations, within enamel and mid-dentin, significantly more gap-free margins were found than at the pulpal interface. Filtek Bulk Fill and conventional composite (Filtek Z350) showed comparatively more dye penetration toward the pulpal interface compared to SDR Bulk Fill.

Conclusion:

There were no significant differences in percentage of gap-free margins between fill types for any of the composite materials. The proportions of gap-free margin were less at the pulpal interface and mid-dentin portions and enamel when filled with 4 and 2 mm increments.
Assessment of the Relationship between Dental Anxiety and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life
Authors: Khan Siraj D. A. A. , Alqannass Naif Mahdi , Alwadei Mohannad Mesfer , Alnajrani Mazen Dhafer , Alshahrani Ziyad Mohammed , Al Alhareth Ali Yahya , Alqahtani Khalid Mohammed
Published: June 2021

Background:

Dental anxiety and fear are the frequently encountered entities among most of the patients. The present study was conducted to assess the relationship between dental anxiety and quality of life (QoL).

Materials and Methods:

This study comprised of 118 patients. Dental trait anxiety (dental anxiety scale [DAS] and short version of the dental anxiety inventory [S-DAI]), Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14), Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) score, and global assessment of functioning were recorded before and after treatment.

Results:

Out of 118 patients, males were 52 and females were 56. There was a correlation between both oral health ratings and DMFT (P < 0.001). OHIP-14 total score was significantly associated with both dental anxiety measures. DMFT shows significant association with dental anxiety and oral health-related QoL (OH-QoL) (P < 0.05). The mean DAS score before treatment was 17.3 and after treatment was 12.60, S-DAI score was 40.1 and 31.5 before and after treatment respectively, oral health status (patient rating) was 38.4 and 74.20 before and after treatment respectively, oral health status (dentist rating) was 38.7 and 73.1 before and after treatment respectively and aesthetics (dentist rating) was 35.6 and 72.4 before and after treatment respectively. There was improvement of OH-QoL with dental anxiety reduction which was significantly significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Authors found that there is correlation between dental anxiety and fear with the poor oral health-related oral hygiene.
Anaesthetic Efficacy of Lidocaine and Articaine in Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block Combined with Buccal Infiltration in Patients with Irreversible Pulpitis
Authors: Gandhi Shrimanikandan Ayappa , Das Sambarta , Das Abhisek , Agnihotri Yoshaskam , Mohan Rajanna Venkatraman , Dasu Subramanian Venkata Ramanan
Published: June 2021

Purpose:

This prospective, randomized, double-blinded study was conducted to compare the anesthetic efficacy of 2% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine and 4% articaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine in inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) combined with buccal infiltration in patients with irreversible pulpitis.

Methods:

Group I: Thirty patients received IANB of 2% lidocaine without buccal infiltration. Group II: Thirty patients received IANB of 2% lidocaine followed by buccal infiltration with 2% lidocaine. Group III: Thirty patients received IANB with 4% articaine followed by buccal infiltration with 4% articaine. Pain during the procedures was recorded by using a Heft Parker visual analog scale. No pain or mild pain on endodontic access was recorded as success and analyzed using Chi-square analysis.

Results:

Group I obtained 30% success rate. Fifty percent successful anesthesia was obtained for Group II. The success rate was increased to 70% for Group III with statistically significant difference among all the groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The use of 4% articaine as both IANB and buccal infiltration recorded the highest success rate (70%) when compared to either 2% lidocaine as IANB with buccal infiltration (50%) or 2% lidocaine as IANB alone (30%) in patients with irreversible pulpitis.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders in Indian Population
Authors: Singh Amit Kumar , Chauhan Rashi , Anand Kumar , Singh Manisha , Das Somesh Ranjan , Sinha Amitabh Kumar
Published: June 2021

Background:

The present study was conducted to assess risk factors and prevalence of potentially malignant disorders (PMDs) among Indian population.

Materials and Methods:

1280 Indian population of both genders were enrolled. Habits such as smoking bidi, cigarette, consumption of tobacco such as in the form of zarda, chaini khaini, pan masala, arecanut, and alcohol were recorded. Risk factors and prevalence rate of disorders were recorded.

Results:

There were 750 (58.6%) males and 530 (41.4%) females. Speckled leukoplakia was seen among 470 (36.7%), oral lichen planus (OLP) in 246 (19.2%), oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) in 274 (21.4%), erythroplakia in 120 (9.3%), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in 107 (8.3%) participants. Maximum cases of speckled leukoplakia (162) was seen in the age group of 31–40 years, OLP (99) in 41–50 years, OSMF (95) in 31–40 years, erythroplakia (48) in 21–30 years, OSCC (44) in 41–50 years.

Conclusion:

Risks factors associated with PMDs were found to be tobacco and arecanut. There was higher prevalence of leukoplakia. Age group of 31–40 years had higher cases and most common site was buccal mucosa and vestibule.
A Randomized Controlled Trial on a Minimally Invasive Microsurgical Versus Conventional Procedure for the Management of Localized Gingival Recession in Esthetic Zone using Alloderm
Authors: Srivastava Robin , Mohan Ranjana , Saravana Balaji M. D. , Vijay V. K. , Srinivasan S. , Navarasu M.
Published: June 2021

Background:

Microsurgical technique is a recent advancement in periodontal plastic surgery, which improves the predictability of periodontal procedures, providing better esthetic results with minimal postoperative discomfort. Alloderm is an alternate to connective tissue grafts, which has been successfully used for root coverage. The present study aims at Comparative assessment of Micro and Conventional surgical techniques for root coverage using coronally positioned flap (CPF) with Alloderm.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty sites with Miller's Class I or II gingival recession defects were selected; sites were randomly divided into control and test groups. Test sites were treated with CPF and acellular dermal matrix (ADM) using Microsurgery and control sites were treated with CPF and ADM using conventional method.

Results:

Conventional and Microsurgical procedures for root coverage showed a statistically significant difference in all clinical parameters from baseline to 3 and 6 months (P < 0.01). The microsurgical technique demonstrated a significant difference in ultrasonographic thickness of gingiva (P < 0.003) and patient satisfaction score (P < 0.005).

Conclusion:

Microsurgical procedure for root coverage was found to be superior to the conventional macrosurgical approach under magnification. Microsurgical sites healed faster with neovascularization demonstrated on ultrasonographic evaluation with improved gingival thickness and patient satisfaction scores.
Knowledge, Practices, and Perceptions about Tooth Whitening among Female Population in Saudi Arabia – A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Jaha Hani Sabri , Alhejoury Hajer Ayed , Fayad Amal Abdelrahman , Alnafisah Ayoob Mutleb , Bahshan Ibrahim Alhosain , Assiri Saud Ismail , Alsubhi Ahmed Salem
Published: June 2021

Background:

Tooth-whitening procedures have gained wide popularity among the Saudi population. The present study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and perception about tooth-whitening procedures among Jeddah's general population.

Materials and Methods:

A face-to-face interview was conducted on randomly selected female patients attending dental clinics. A pretested and structured questionnaire was used to record the response by calibrated interviewers. The responses regarding knowledge, attitude, and perceptions were recorded and subjected to statistical analysis.

Results:

The findings showed that the prevalence of tooth whitening among the participants was 43.7%, and about 8.7% reported that they did it once every year. In-office bleaching was the most preferred method (31.4%), followed by whitening toothpaste (8.7%). An increased frequency of bleaching was reported by participants belonging to younger age group (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

The knowledge related to the mechanism of action and adverse effects was average among the participants. Younger age groups were more concerned about tooth-whitening procedures compared to the older ones.
To Compare and Analyze the Potency of two Topical Anesthetic Gels in Reducing Inferior Alveolar Injection Pain in Children of 8–12 Years: A Double-Blinded Clinical Trial
Authors: Patel Dharati , Lahiri Banibrata , El-Patal Mohamed Abd-Ellatif , Alazmah Abdulfatah , Patel Parth , Abokhlifa Yousef H.
Published: June 2021

Aim:

To compare and analyze the clinical adequacy of two topical anesthetic gels, Precaine (8% lidocaine + 0.8% dibucaine) and Precaine B (20% benzocaine) in children before intraoral local anesthetic injections.

Materials and Methods:

This clinical study included thirty children who needed an inferior alveolar nerve block. They were divided into three groups: Group A: Precaine topical gel group, Group B: Precaine B topical gel Group, Group C: no anesthetic topical gel group (control group). These two effective topical gels were applied before giving intraoral local anesthesia, and afterward, the child's pain response was surveyed utilizing the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale. The scores obtained were subjected to statistical analysis.

Results:

Intergroup comparison showed a significant mean difference between the control group and Precaine group (P > 0.05) as well as Precaine B group (P > 0.05). However, there is no significant difference obtained between Group A and Group B (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

It is psychologically and clinically beneficial to apply a topical anesthetic agent before injecting any intraoral anesthesia. In this study, both anesthetic gels showed a nonsignificant difference in reducing inferior alveolar injection pain, but Precaine B shows more promising results than Precaine.
Efficiency of Different Endodontic Irrigation and Activation Systems, Self-Adjusting File Instrumentation/Irrigation System, and XP-Endo Finisher in Removal of the Intracanal Smear Layer: An Ex vivo Scanning Electron Microscope Study
Authors: Karade Priyatam , Sharma Deepak , Hoshing Upendra A. , Medha Ashish H. , Bhagat Anil R. , Chopade Rutuja V.
Published: June 2021

Aim:

This ex vivo study was designed to evaluate and compare different endodontic irrigation and activation systems, the self-adjusting file (SAF) instrumentation/irrigation system, and XP-endo finisher for removal of intracanal smear layer.

Materials and Methods:

Fifty recently extracted, noncarious human intact single-rooted premolars were selected and divided into five groups (n = 10) according to the root canal irrigation systems; syringe and needle irrigation, passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), EndoVac irrigation system, SAF system, and XP-endo finisher. All groups were prepared to apical size F4 file except for the SAF group which was prepared to apical size 20 K-file and then instrumented with the SAF file. Each sample was subjected to final irrigation using different irrigation/activation systems. After splitting the samples, one half of each root was selected for examination under scanning electron microscope. The irrigation systems were compared using the Fisher's exact test with significance set at P < 0.05.

Results:

In the coronal part, there was no difference among the groups. In the mid-root section, the results of the PUI, EndoVac, SAF, and XP-endo finisher groups tended to be better than syringe and needle irrigation, but the difference was not significant. The apical part of the canal, the SAF system, and XP-endo finisher group seemed to be cleaner than those of the EndoVac group, but this difference was not significant.

Conclusions:

Within the limitations of the present study, SAF system and XP-endo finisher group cleaned the apical part of the canal more efficiently than EndoVac, PUI, and syringe and needle irrigation.
Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs of Psychiatric Outpatients Aged 18-64 Years in District Civil Hospital, Raichur, Karnataka: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Goud Venkatesh , Kannaiyan Karthik , Rao Boinapelli Vengal , Abidullah Mohammed , Dharani Veena , Nayak Madhukar
Published: June 2021

Background:

Psychiatric patients or mentally ill patients conform a substantial section of the community deserving special attention. This study aimed to assess the oral health status and treatment needs of psychiatric patients attending District Civil Hospital, Raichur, Karnataka.

Materials and Methods:

The study group comprised 150 outpatients aged 18–64 years, attending the Department of Psychiatry, District Civil Hospital, Raichur. A specific questionnaire was drawn up and was used to record the demographic and medical data and oral hygiene practices. Type III clinical examination was carried out. The WHO Assessment Form 1997 was used to assess the oral health status of the study population.

Results:

Of the 150 patients examined, 90 (60%) were male and 60 (40%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 33.79 ± 10.57 years. The majority (52%) were diagnosed with epilepsy and 18% had anxiety disorder. The prevalence of caries was 87.3%. Periodontal status, according to the Community Periodontal Index scores, was as follows: 54% of the patients had shallow pocket (4 mm–5 mm) and 32% of the patients had 6-mm or more deep pocket.

Conclusion:

This study highlights a substantial need for prevention and treatment of oral health needs among psychiatric patients, and to increase awareness toward oral health.
Influence of Implant Angulation and Implant Number on the Accuracy of Definitive Casts
Authors: Narayane Abhay Kiran , Shamsuddeen Suhana , Kharat Swati , Rashidi Tabish , Pandav Aachut , Thakur Manoj Kumar
Published: June 2021

Background:

The present study determined the effect of implant angulation and implant number on the dimensional precision of implant definitive casts.

Materials and Methods:

Three definitive casts with implant analogs placed in a triangular pattern were made from dental stone. Group I was control group, Group II in which implant numbers 1 and 3 were at 5° convergence to the implant number 2. Group III in which implant numbers 1 and 3 are at 5° divergence to the implant number 2. Group IV in which implant numbers 1 and 3 are at 10° convergence to the implant number 2. Implant analogs were secured in all the definitive casts with cyanoacrylate. Three open tray impressions of the definitive cast were obtained and poured in Type IV dental stone. Coordinates in the three planes were measured at implant analog top surface and base of the cast using a fine tip measuring stylus. The data were aligned and angular differences between implant analog vectors from definitive and duplicate casts were measured.

Results:

There was a significant correlation between dental implant number and dental implant angulation (P < 0.05). There was a significant result when comparing the effect of the parallel group from 5° divergence and 10° convergence groups. A significant results while comparing the parallel group with 5° divergence and 10° convergence was obtained whereas while comparing 5° divergence, 5° divergence, and 10° convergence a nonsignificant difference was obtained (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

Close proximity of implant angulation toward right-angled direction results in higher precision of implant.
Evaluation of Horizontal Distance between WALA-FA Point in Angle's Class I, Class II, and Class III Malocclusion
Authors: Mahalakshmi R. , Varadharaja M. M. , Ninan Reshmi Leila , Kumar V. Vignesh , Kanagasabapathy B. , Balaji M. D. Saravana
Published: June 2021

Introduction:

The objective of the study was to measure the horizontal distance between the FA-WALA (Facial Axis Point-William Andrews and Larry Andrews) of posterior teeth in Angle's Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusions and to assess the depth of the Curve of Spee, to find the correlation between intercanine FA and intercanine WALA and its significance.

Material and Methods:

Sixty pretreatment mandibular casts of patients with an age range of 18–35 years were included. A sample size of 20 was evaluated in Angle's Class I, Class II, and Class III, respectively. The WALA ridge and FA points were marked in the model and calibrated using the digital Vernier caliper.

Results:

There was an incremental increase in the horizontal distance from the FA-WALA in the posterior teeth. The mandibular intercanine FA-FA and intercanine WALA-WALA distance were greater in Angle's Class III group when compared to Angle's Class II. The Curve of Spee measurement was increased in Angle's Class II group, while Angle's Class III had a flat curve.

Conclusion:

The horizontal distance between FA-WALA increased incrementally in the posterior teeth in Angle's Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusions. In Angle's Class II malocclusion, the Curve of Spee measurement was increased and had a narrower mandibular arch.