bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
H-index and research evaluation: A suggested set of components for developing a comprehensive author-level index
Authors: Norouzi Ali , Parsaei-Mohammadi Parastoo , Zare-Farashbandi Firoozeh , Zare-Farashbandi Elahe , Geraei Ehsan
Published: November 2024

The H-index has been investigated in various studies; this index has many strengths that have made it popular. However, it also has weaknesses, due to which other indicators have been developed. This study aims to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the H-index and provide the minimum set of necessary components for developing a comprehensive author-level index. In this systematic literature review, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Emerald, and ProQuest databases were searched to identify relevant studies. From the number of 14,253 retrieved studies, after two stages of screening, 81 studies were selected according to the eligibility criteria for data extraction. The findings of the study led to the identification of 15 strengths in the three categories of Quality Features, Simplicity, and Suitability, and 13 weaknesses in the six categories of Publications, Citations, Academic Age, Author Credit Allocation, Variety of Fields, and mathematical calculation for H-index. Finally, 28 components were identified as the minimum set of necessary components to develop a comprehensive author-level index to help evaluate researchers more realistically and fairly. The minimum components that need to be considered in developing a comprehensive author-level index can be proposed as follows: Quality Features, Simplicity, Suitability, Publications, Citations, Academic Age, Author Credit Allocation, Variety of Fields, and mathematical calculation.
Stress, Anxiety, and Depression in the First-year Students of Medical Education: A Prospective Cohort Study from a Women’s Medical College in South India
Authors: Mallaram Ganesh Kumar , Gopalakrishnan Upasna , Mathews Deepthy Ann , Mudamala Dhatri Sai , Gangavarappagari Harshitha , Modi Utkarsh , Kattula Dheeraj
Published: November 2024

Background and Aims:

Medical students around the world have been found to have high rates of depression and anxiety as compared to the general population. This study aimed to assess these in medical students immediately after they joined medical school and six months later. This study also aimed to assess if there was any association with stress, anxiety, and depression scores at six months follow-up with coping styles, self-esteem, personality, family functioning, and academic performance.

Methods and Materials:

We enrolled 154 first-year undergraduate medical students in this study with a baseline assessment including sociodemographic factors and Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale 21 (DASS 21). They were followed up at six months with assessments of DASS 21, family functioning using the Family Adaptability, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve Scale (APGAR), coping styles using the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (Brief COPE) scale, personality factors using the Big Five Inventory (BFI-10) and self-esteem using Rosenberg Self-Esteem Inventory (RSES). Change in scores in DASS 21 was measured. The DASS 21 scores at six months were correlated with other scale scores using appropriate statistical tools. Logistic regression analysis was done to study the effect of different variables on the outcomes.

Results:

Mean DASS scores at baseline fell within the normal range. There was a significant increase in mean DASS scores six months after joining. Despite this, only three students reported receiving treatment for mental health problems. DASS scores showed positive correlations with neuroticism and emotion-focused coping styles. About 36.6% of students reported failing in at least one subject. Academic performance did not show any association with levels of psychological distress.

Conclusion:

Students showed a striking rise in psychological distress six months after joining medical school. This suggests that the medical school environment could play a role. To meet students’ needs, a change in medical school culture and the provision of accessible and flexible mental health services are required.
Review of the Canadian English Language Proficiency Index Program (CELPIP)
Authors: Qin Coral Yiwei , Baker Beverly
Published: November 2024

The Canadian English Language Proficiency Index Program (CELPIP) is a computer-delivered test for English language proficiency, primarily used for Canadian immigration purposes. This review begins by contextualizing the test’s use as an immigration gatekeeping instrument, followed by an overview of its underlying construct and the four test components: listening, reading, writing, and speaking. We then appraise the test in terms of its accessibility, reliability, validity, authenticity, and impact. While we appreciate the “Canadian-ness” of the test, the user-friendly computer-based test delivery, and the accessible approach to sharing scoring criteria, we also identify several shortcomings regarding transparency in scoring, attention to interactional competence, and attention to research on test impact. We close with a brief commentary on the use of such tests for selecting and controlling immigrants.
IL-13 inhibition in the treatment of atopic dermatitis – new and emerging biologic agents
Authors: Teixeira Carlos , Yilmaz Orhan , Bernardo Diana , Torres Tiago
Published: November 2024

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, chronic, and recurrent inflammatory skin condition that affects a considerable portion of the population, and is particularly prevalent among children. The development of AD is influenced by environmental and genetic factors, which cause epidermal barrier dysfunction, immune dysregulation, and dysbiosis. In immune dysregulation, there is excessive production of cytokines. Among the cytokines, interleukin (IL)-13 plays a major role in the pathogenesis of AD. Searching for new and more selective treatments for moderate-to-severe cases is important because of the considerable effect of AD on the quality of life. Tralokinumab and lebrikizumab are selective IL-13 inhibitors that have demonstrated safety and efficacy as treatment options for AD in phase III trials. Tralokinumab is approved for use in Europe and the USA, while lebrikizumab is approved only in Europe. Cendakimab, which is another IL-13 selective inhibitor, has shown promising results in phase II trials, providing safe and effective outcomes. Eblasakimab, which disrupts IL-13 and IL-4 signaling pathways, is currently in phase II trials following well-tolerated administration in phase I studies. This narrative review aims to outline the current state of knowledge regarding the effectiveness and safety of these four biologic agents targeting IL-13 signaling.
Overuse of analgesics can affect the fertility biomarker Anti-Müllerian Hormone in females. A translational study
Authors: Carlsen Louise Ninett , Nielsen Brian Skriver , Rouw Carolien , Petersen Morten Rønn , Lindh Christian H , Krais Annette M , Westgate Connar Stanley James , Jeppesen Janni Vikkelsø , Jensen Lea Bejstrup , Kristensen Stine Gry , Ziebe Søren , Jensen Rigmor Højland , Kristensen David Møbjerg
Published: November 2024

Background

Medication overuse headache is a prevalent secondary headache due to the overuse of analgesics, mainly over-the-counter analgesics. Over-the-counter analgesics have been associated with disrupted male endocrinology, while the effects on female endocrinology remain nearly unknown. The aim was to understand the effect of long-term analgesic exposure in females with medication overuse headache on Anti-Müllerian hormone, a surrogate measure of female fertility.

Methods

Using a translational approach, an observational prospective clinical study was conducted to determine the effect of withdrawal therapy in females with medication overuse headache on Anti-Müllerian hormone levels, in combination with pre-clinical investigation of primary granulosa cells to understand the effects of analgesics on granulosa cell function.

Results

We included 21 females (mean-age 30.0 years; SD (7.3)) for Anti-Müllerian hormone -measurement. Anti-Müllerian Hormone increased by 21% from baseline (mean 20.1 pmol/L; SD (8.7)) after withdrawal of analgesics ((mean 24.3 pmol/L; SD (12.0)); p = 0.0023). Exposing primary granulosa cells to analgesics (acetaminophen (100 and 200 µM, n = 9–10) and ibuprofen (150 and 200 µM, n = 12–13)) did not reduce Anti-Müllerian hormone levels. In contrast, de novo DNA synthesis in GCs (n = 6) exposed to acetaminophen was reduced by 78% ( p = 0.0036) compared to controls, suggesting that cellular proliferation was restricted.

Conclusion

We found that frequent use of over-the-counter analgesics was associated with repressed Anti-Müllerian Hormone levels, likely through disruption of granulosa cell proliferation. Further research is crucial to investigate a potential effect of analgesics on adult female reproductive endocrinology. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT04090333
The not so ‘simple’ laparoscopic nephrectomy: Experience with 3D laparoscopy from a tertiary care centre
Authors: Bhargava Priyank , Choudhary Gautam Ram , Jena Rahul , Navriya Shivcharan , Shrivastava Nikita , Singh Vikram , Jain Jaydeep , Singh Mahendra , Bhirud Deepak Prakash , Sandhu Arjun Singh
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

Laparoscopic simple nephrectomy (LSNx) is among the gold standard options for management of selected poorly functioning and most non-functioning kidneys (PFK/NFKs). Our objective was to audit our patients who had undergone LSNx for benign causes and assess their perioperative outcomes and analyse the factors correlating with these outcomes.

Materials and Methods:

We reviewed our prospectively collected data of patients with PFK/NFKs due to benign causes who underwent a LSNx on a three-dimensional (3D) system via a transperitoneal approach between January 2017 and June 2023. Details on clinical profile, radiological findings and peri-operative details were recorded and analysed.

Results:

A total of 302 patients underwent LSNx in the study duration. Urolithiasis was the most common cause of PFK/NFKs in 66.5% of patients followed by pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction in 14.9%. Rate of conversion to open surgery was 5.3%. Final histopathology revealed chronic pyelonephritis in 82% patients and Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGPN) in 14%. Multivariate analysis revealed presence of pre-operative fat stranding on imaging, larger kidney size, presence of XGPN and pyonephrosis to be significantly associated with longer operation times. Prior renal surgery, positive urine culture, presence of XGPN and a higher body mass index was associated with a longer hospital stay and increased rate of post-operative complications.

Conclusion:

LSNx is commonly employed for management of PFK/NFKs from various aetiologies, the most common of which is urolithiasis in our experience. Multiple clinico-radiological factors as described correlated with longer operative times and prolonged hospital stay, which aids in surgical planning and patient counselling.
Value incoherence precedes value change: Evidence from value development in childhood and adolescence across cultures
Authors: Daniel Ella , Bardi Anat , Lee Julie A , Scholz-Kuhn Ricarda , Elizarov Einat , Cieciuch Jan , Knafo-Noam Ariel , Ramos Alice , Vecchione Michele , Algesheimer Rene , Murcia Alvarez Evelia , Ben Dror Lankry Avital , Benish-Weisman Maya , Rodrigues Ricardo Borges , Chomsky Anat , Collins Patricia R. , Davidov Eldad , Döring Anna K , Habermann Stefanie , Katsoty Dana , Kindschi Martin , Makarova Elena , Marsicano Gilda , Misgav Kinneret , Oeschger Thomas P , da Costa Leonor Pereira , Sneddon Joanne , Tendais Iva , Twito -Weingarten Louise
Published: November 2024

We test the theory that personality incoherence may instigate personality change in the context of personal values. Values’ near-universal organization makes value incoherence assessment straightforward. The study included 13 longitudinal samples from seven cultures (Australia, Israel Palestinian citizens, Israel Jewish majority, Italy, Poland, Portugal, and Switzerland), total N = 7,126, and T1 M age ranging between 6 and 18. Each participant reported values between two- and six-times. Using unfolding analysis, we calculated the fit of the internal value structure of each participant at the first time point to the value structure in their sample (normative structure) and to the theoretical structure of values. We estimated value change using Growth Curve Modeling (when at least three measurement times were available) and the difference between T1 and T2 in each sample. We correlated value incoherence with value change and estimated the effect across samples using a meta-analysis. Incoherence with the structure of values predicted greater value change. The associations were stronger when participant’s value structures were compared to the normative value structure at T1 than when they were compared to the theoretical structure. A meta-regression analysis indicated that effects were not moderated by age. We discuss possible underlying processes and implications for personality development.
Dynamic simulation and adaptive heave compensation control of a wave-compensated gangway under random wave excitation
Authors: Gu Zhiyang , Xie Mingliang , Chen Yu , Zhang Fanglei , Li Kunkun
Published: November 2024

For high-precision position control of wave-compensated gangways under random wave excitation, the kinematic model is established based on the Denavit–Hartenberg parametric method. Desired motion parameters for each degree of freedom (DOF) are solved through multi-DOF motion decoupling calculations. The telescopic arm, pitching arm, and slewing seat are simplified as mechanical-hydraulic motor-driven systems or cylinder-driven systems. The nonlinear dynamic models for each system are deduced based on their structural composition and adaptive motion controllers are designed with the desired motion parameters as control targets. The gangway base's heave motion under random wave excitation is reconstructed and the electromechanical-hydraulic coupling dynamic model of the wave-compensated gangway under random wave excitation is coupled. Comparative testing with the traditional Proportional-Integral-Derivative control method shows that the displacement stabilization accuracy of the telescopic arm's tip in the x-axis and y-axis directions under the condition of scale 4 wave improved by 93.05% and 97.38%, respectively. This research provides a technical reference and reliable approach for dynamic analysis and high-precision control of wave-compensated gangways.
Effects of health expenditure, death rate, and infant mortality rate on life expectancy: A case study of the United States
Authors: Adebayo Tomiwa Sunday , Nwosu Laurine Chikodiri , Alhassan Gloria Nnadwa , Uzun Berna , Özkan Oktay , Awosusi Abraham Ayobamiji
Published: November 2024

Understanding the factors that influence life expectancy (LEXP) is crucial for promoting economic development, as a nation's prosperity depends on the health of its population. Various socioeconomic, nutritional, lifestyle, genetic, and environmental factors can significantly impact a nation’s health and longevity. Our study investigates these drivers of LEXP, focusing on the United States as a case study. Using quarterly data from 2000 to 2022, we examined the relationship between LEXP and multiple determinants, including environmental degradation, income levels, inflation dynamics, educational attainment, birth and death rates, health expenditure patterns, urbanization trends, and infant mortality rates. Employing advanced analytical methodologies, we accounted for the nonlinear nature of the time series data by utilizing approaches such as quantile-on-quantile Kernel Regression Least Squares and quantile-on-quantile Granger causality. The study revealed that factors such as inflation rate, rapid urbanization, high birth rates, CO2 emissions, death rates, and infant mortality negatively affect LEXP. On the other hand, higher income levels, educational attainment, food production, and health expenditure positively influence LEXP. Based on these findings, we have proposed significant policy recommendations.
The Emergence of Education for Sustainable Development in Namibia’s Senior Primary English Language Curriculum: A Morphogenetic Case Study
Authors: Malua Anelly , Olvitt Lausanne
Published: November 2024

Senior Primary English Language Teaching is an important site for implementing Namibia’s Environmental Education and Education for Sustainable Development (EE/ESD) Policy. Language Teaching lends itself to ESD pedagogies and can be responsive to sustainability-oriented content. This article summarizes a qualitative case study of ESD implementation through the Senior Primary English Language curriculum between 1990 and 2018. Data included documents, a questionnaire with 43 Senior Primary English Language teachers in the Khomas Region of Namibia and in-depth interviews with 12 teachers. Framed by Margaret Archer’s social realist theory of Morphogenesis, the study’s findings point to a policy–practice disjuncture of relevance to policy makers, teacher educators and other ESD partners. The article recommends building English Language teachers’ agency for ESD implementation in Namibia by strengthening the EE/ESD foci in pre- and in-service teacher programmes, expanding and strengthening networks and school cluster subject groups, and prioritizing making environmental content knowledge more accessible through textbooks and other teaching resources.
The Big Society’s success in England: Neoliberalism as recomposition of public-institutional spaces
Authors: Bruff Ian
Published: November 2024

This article argues that the ‘Big Society’ agenda, widely understood as a failure, was instrumental in shaping how austerity played out after 2010 in England. Of particular importance was the growing role in public service delivery of private, profit-making companies and their equivalents on the one hand, and voluntary, charitable work on the other. Therefore, the Big Society’s impact can be understood as a neoliberal recomposition of public-institutional spaces, a form of restructuring that has always been sought by the neoliberal project (as the article shows). Furthermore, these recompositions have differed from a generalised logic of ‘marketisation’ that is often (mis)attributed to such processes of public-institutional change, in England or elsewhere: more accurate is to forefront parcellised corporatisation via contracting and the imposition of social-reproductive burdens on wider society. That the Big Society should be considered as an important keyword in the lexicon of neoliberalism has several implications. For instance, the impact of numerous austerian legacies, that have become increasingly visible in 2020s England, needs reappraising. More broadly, the article’s argument that the how of austerity ought to be examined as much as the what, widens the scope for research enquiries into austerity’s (after)lives in and across multiple local, regional and national contexts.
Exploring Advocacy Among Caregivers of Children Receiving Early Intervention Services
Authors: Terol Adriana Kaori , Fulton Kelly , Hardy Abby , Burke Meghan
Published: November 2024

While parents are often expected to advocate for their children with disabilities throughout their lifespans, little is known about the beginning advocacy experiences for parents of young children with disabilities. The purpose of this study was to examine the advocacy experiences of caregivers of children with disabilities during early intervention. Altogether, 24 caregivers of children with disabilities participated in individual interviews about their lived experiences with advocacy in early intervention. Findings revealed that participants often engaged in advocacy during early intervention. Some advocacy strategies were similar to advocacy for school services (e.g., learning one’s rights). In addition, some strategies included using effective communication strategies and being assertive and persistent. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Research on the wave transmission characteristics of a flexible chamber inserted in the fluid-filled elastic pipeline
Authors: Hu Zhi , Liu Gongmin , Zhao Xiaochen , Zang Zhenfei
Published: November 2024

In the acoustic calculations of pneumatic pipeline systems, it is commonly assumed that the walls of the pipeline are rigid. It leads to the development of various acoustic theories based on rigid wall. However, in situations involving high-density fluids or thin-walled structures, the propagation of waves in the pipeline becomes complex due to the strong vibroacoustic coupling. In such cases, the wave transmission characteristics calculation methods based on the rigid wall assumption are no longer applicable. This paper employs the pipeline waveguide theory to estimate the wave transmission characteristics in the presence of complex wave behavior within the pipeline. Once the accuracy of the proposed method has been verified, the wave responses of a flexible chamber inserted in the fluid-filled elastic pipeline are analyzed. The analysis shows that the lowest-order fluid-type waves and the lowest-order longitudinal extension waves are found to propagate in the pipeline. The incident lowest-order fluid-type wave and its transmitted wave of the same mode can be successfully separated from other waves. The elasticity of the pipe wall can significantly affect the acoustic characteristics of an expansion chamber. Nevertheless, significant disparities in the wave amplitudes and limited sampling pose challenges to accurate calculations of the transmission loss.
Intensifying Tier 1 Classroom Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports Practices to Support Students With Disabilities: A Pilot Study
Authors: Simonsen Brandi , Meyer Katherine , Plumb Ashley , Duble Moore Tobey , Sears Sandy
Published: November 2024

Without effective support, students with disabilities experience more exclusionary discipline and benefit less from classroom instruction. Students with disabilities can benefit when teachers implement key classroom positive behavioral interventions and supports (PBIS) practices (e.g., prompts, opportunities to respond, and specific praise), but many teachers need additional professional development (PD) to implement with sufficient intensity to support students with disabilities. In this pilot study, we explored whether teachers’ intensified implementation of key practices improved academic engagement of students with disabilities. Three elementary teachers and three students with disabilities participated in an experimental multiple-baseline design. Following baseline, each teacher participated in targeted PD for each practice. Two teachers consistently self-managed their intensive implementation and their students’ engagement increased; one teacher did not consistently self-manage her implementation, and her student’s engagement decreased. These data provide an initial proof of concept for this approach; however, additional research is needed to document a functional relation.
A pigment dispersion syndrome case with concave iris and ocular hypertension managed through a phakic ICL implantation
Authors: Rodriguez-Una Ignacio , Fernández-Vega-Cueto Luis , Alfonso-Bartolozzi Belén , Fernández-Vega-Cueto Andrés , Martínez-Alberquilla Irene , Madrid-Costa David , Alfonso Jose F.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

A concave iris configuration is a characteristic feature of pigment dispersion syndrome (PDS). Therapeutic strategies to modify this configuration may be considered as first-line options for the treatment of ocular hypertension in PDS patients.

Case description

A 37-year-old male patient with myopic anisometropia presented bilateral PDS with concave iris, Krukenberg's spindle and iris transillumination defect in both eyes. The intraocular pressure (IOP) was 27 mmHg in both eyes. Optic nerve and visual field parameters were normal. The right eye was treated with a neodymium:YAG LPI. In the left eye, an implantable collamer lens (ICL) V4c model implantation for myopia correction was performed. Six-months postoperatively, both eyes evidenced an anteriorization of the iris, the morphology of the concave iris improved with the ICL V4c in place, becaming flattener in left eye. The IOP was 18 mmHg without treatment.

Conclusion

This case report reinforces the idea that in myopic patients with a concave iris, the refractive correction approach through ICL V4c implantation might also improve the iris configuration, similarly to laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI). Therefore, in this specific patient profile, this surgical procedure might be considered as a prophylactic treatment alternative to prevent the complications associated with this iris configuration, although its invasive nature should be taken into consideration.
Impact of anti-VEGF treatment-free interval during the first year on 5-year outcomes in eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Du Katherine , Mayer Natasha , Feistritzer Catalina , Barberis Elise , Muftuoglu Ilkay Kilic , Chhablani Jay
Published: November 2024

Objectives

This study aims to analyze the impact of longest treatment-free interval (TFI) between anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections during the first year of treatment on 5-year best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and recurrence of macular edema (ME) in eyes with ME secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).

Methods

A retrospective study including eyes with BRVO, minimum of 5-year follow-up, and available optical coherence topography (OCT) scans. Eyes underwent anti-VEGF loading dose therapy and were treated and monitored with an OCT-guided PRN regimen. Those with a history of ocular comorbidities were excluded.

Results

Total of 60 patient eyes, with 40 females and average age of 71.75 ± 11.07 years. TFI among eyes was 1 month (20%); > 1–2 months (23%); > 2–3 months (18%); > 3–4 months (17%), and >4 months (22%). Forty-three (72%) eyes experienced ME recurrence during the five-year period. Multivariate linear regression shows that TFI (−0.02 [-0.03–0.00], p = 0.021) and baseline BCVA (0.37 [0.08–0.66], p = 0.014) are significant predictors of 5-year BCVA. TFI (Cox Proportional Hazard Ratio 1.34 [1.04–1.72], p = 0.023) and number of injections in the first year (Cox Proportional Hazard Ratio 1.76 [1.01–3.06], p = 0.045) were significant predictors of ME recurrence. Gender, age, type of injection, BCVA, and CMT did not influence recurrence.

Conclusion

For eyes receiving anti-VEGF injections to treat ME secondary to BRVO, TFI is a significant predictor of 5-year BCVA and ME recurrence according to regression models. This study suggests more ME recurrence may be due to increased TFI or indicate more injections needed to treat severe BRVO.
Fabrication of gas metal arc-welded nuclear grade steel pipe: An insight on microstructural and mechanical properties
Authors: Veeman Dhinakaran , Subramaniyan Mohan Kumar , Browne Micheal Agnelo , Elumalai Vijayaragavan
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the use of Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) to butt weld AISI 347 pipes. Microstructural analysis revealed the presence of columnar, equiaxed dendrites, and niobium carbide (NbC). Niobium carbide could effectively prevent intergranular defects by inhibiting chromium and carbon precipitation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the presence of austenite and δ-ferrite phases, with δ-ferrite content between 3–8% to prevent hot cracking. Welded samples exhibited superior mechanical strength compared to the base metal (BM), attributed to microstructural and mechanical properties of GMAW-welded AISI 347 pipes, offering valuable guidance for industries involved in nuclear and aerospace application.
Mixing-controlled compression ignition of ethanol using exhaust rebreathe at a low-load operating condition—Single cylinder experiments in a heavy-duty diesel engine
Authors: Johnston Tyler , Zeman Jared , Dempsey Adam
Published: November 2024

As pollutant emissions regulations in the heavy-duty sector become further stringent, the energy requirements in this sector continue to increase. Due to the high-power density and operating period requirements within this sector, full electrification is challenging. A viable solution to meet the stringent requirements for criteria pollutant and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is the use of low carbon renewable fuels. Low carbon renewable fuels are desirable due to their lower carbon content per unit energy compared to conventional fossil diesel fuel. However, implementing some low carbon renewable fuels in the heavy-duty sector poses challenges due to their low reactivity and the prevalent mixing-controlled compression ignition (MCCI) combustion strategy. Because of this, ignition assistance is needed to ignite low reactive renewable fuels in MCCI. This work investigates the use of a variable valve actuation (VVA) strategy, exhaust rebreathe, as an ignition assistance method to ignite pure fuel grade ethanol (E98) in MCCI. Exhaust rebreathe utilizes the hot combustion products from the previous cycle by reinducing the exhaust back into the cylinder during the intake stroke from a secondary exhaust valve event. The reinduction of exhaust into the cylinder increases the in-cylinder bulk gas temperature aiding in the ignitability of the low reactive fuel. The exhaust rebreathe strategy as an ignition assistance method is investigated in this work by conducting single cylinder engine experiments on a heavy-duty diesel engine fueled with E98. Exhaust pressure is varied for the exhaust rebreathe strategy to achieve combustion characteristics with E98 similar to diesel at a low-load, high engine speed operating condition. Additionally, an elevated intake air temperature strategy is implemented to compare to the exhaust rebreathe strategy as another form of ignition assistance with the objective to induce heat in-cylinder prior to combustion without the presence of diluent. Furthermore, zero-dimensional (0D) constant pressure chemical kinetic simulations are conducted to evaluate the most reactive conditions for ethanol to achieve ignition delay times similar to n-heptane. The experimental results demonstrate that at a high speed, low load condition—the elevated intake air temperature strategy with ethanol requires 120°C intake temperature to yield an ignition delay similar to diesel. When accounting for the energy required to heat the intake air, the brake thermal efficiency is 40% lower than the diesel baseline. On the contrary, the exhaust rebreathe strategy with an exhaust pressure of 1.5 bar-a, is able to achieve the same ignition delay with an MCCI combustion process but maintain a brake thermal efficiency within 5% of the baseline diesel engine.
Creating translanguaging affirmative space through artifactual literacies: towards addressing power imbalance with multilingual parents
Authors: Ehiyazaryan-White Ester
Published: November 2024

Researching migrant and multilingual parents’ literacy practices with their children is ethically complex due to the dominant discourses of language and literacy which devalue such practices as irrelevant or deficient. Translanguaging theory and the related concept of translanguaging space offer opportunities to consider dialogue with multilingual parents differently, valuing their literacy practices in the interview space. Drawing on data from an artifactual literacies study with multilingual parents, the paper discusses three aspects which contributed to reframing the interview as translanguaging affirmative space: the value of artefacts brought by the parents in relating their lived experiences; the role of semantic maps as shared multilingual writing; and the use of multilingual transcribing. It is argued that through these practices, a translanguaging affirmative space was co-produced which contributed to reducing the power imbalance inherent in research. It is further argued that such translanguaging space can be co-produced by researcher and participant, even when they do not share a home language.
Habit Formation in Older Adults
Authors: Cepni Aliye B. , Shehata Nour , Ullah Fatima , Johnston Craig A.
Published: November 2024

Transition from adherence to habit formation is critical for promoting sustainable dietary changes among older adults. While adherence to health regimens often relies on conscious effort and external motivation, habits are automatic behaviors triggered by consistent cues, reducing the need for ongoing effort. A common misconception is that older adults cannot form new habits due to cognitive decline with age. However, older adults possess valuable strengths, such as strong self-regulation and the ability to delay gratification, that make them well-equipped for habit formation. This commentary outlines how healthcare providers can leverage these strengths of older adults and employ a cue-behavior-reward loop to help them integrate consistent, sustainable dietary changes.
Health and Well-Being Coaching Adjuvant to GLP-1 Induced Weight Loss
Authors: Sforzo Gary A. , Gordon Neil F. , Peeke Pamela M. , Moore Margaret
Published: November 2024

Glucagon-like peptide agonists (GLP-1) are highly effective anti-obesity medications. However, sustained effectiveness is potentially plagued by lack of adherence to the drug and resumption of pre-weight loss behaviors. Side effects are primarily severe gastrointestinal distress but can occasionally be more serious. Health and well-being coaching (HWC) is an important obesity intervention that can be used alongside GLP-1 prescription. HWC is documented to improve medication adherence and promote healthy behavior change. A coach who understands the complexities of rapid weight loss, specifically with GLP-1, can help the patient persist with the treatment. Moreover, the coach can assist in navigating GLP-1 side effects including undesirable loss of skeletal muscle during the weight loss period. A patient-centric and collaborative relationship seem essential to the HWC process. Specific coaching techniques are suggested for working with patients losing weight. The logical, but yet to be tested, expectation is that HWC as an adjuvant intervention to GLP-1 prescription will improve medication adherence and encourage sustained weight loss and health benefits in patients with obesity.
Assessment of safety and adverse events in endoscopic radiofrequency ablation for malignant biliary obstruction
Authors: Khizar Hayat , Hu Yufei , Gu Weigang , Yang Jin , Jin Hangbin , He Xiayin , Zhang Xiaofeng , Yang Jianfeng
Published: November 2024

Background:

Endoscopic radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is used for the treatment of unresectable malignant biliary obstruction (MBO). The postoperative adverse events associated with RFA treatment have gained importance.

Objective:

To investigate the early adverse events and their risk factors associated with RFA for the treatment of MBO.

Design:

Observational retrospective study.

Methods:

We collected data from patients diagnosed with MBO and treated with endoscopic RFA at our hospital between January 2010 and June 2022. Based on the collected data, the patients were divided into two groups: the adverse event group and the nonadverse event group. Early postoperative adverse events were recorded, and risk factors were assessed.

Results:

One hundred and twenty patients with MBO underwent endoscopic RFA, with 20 developing adverse events (16.6%; 20/120). Among these, 13 patients (10.8%) developed biliary infection after RFA treatment, while 7 (5.8%) developed acute pancreatitis, and no bleeding or perforation occurred. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, bile duct stricture length >2.5 cm, segmental RFA, and the proportion of patients receiving single stent drainage were all significantly greater in the adverse event group compared to the nonadverse event group ( p < 0.05). The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that type 2 diabetes, segmental RFA, and single stent drainage were the three independent risk factors for getting a biliary infection after RFA therapy.

Conclusion:

Unresectable MBO combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus, segmental RFA, and postoperative single stent drainage can be the risk factors for adverse events after RFA. More attention should be paid to patients with multiple risk factors and preventive measures should be taken.
Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbon-rich Essential Oil from Teucrium viscidum Blume and its Antimicrobial and Mosquito Larvicidal Activities
Authors: Khoa Vu V. , Dai Do N. , Huong Le T. , Thinh Bui B.
Published: November 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the essential oil extracted from the aerial parts of Teucrium viscidum Blume, a perennial herb belonging to the Lamiaceae family, collected in Vietnam. The focus was on determining the essential oil's chemical composition and evaluating its antimicrobial and mosquito larvicidal activities.

Methods

The essential oil of T. viscidum was analyzed using GC–FID/MS to identify its chemical constituents. The antimicrobial activity was assessed against seven microorganisms using the broth microdilution method to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values. The larvicidal activity was evaluated against Culex quinquefasciatus larvae, with lethal concentration (LC50 and LC90) values calculated after 24 and 48 h of exposure.

Results

Chemical analysis revealed that the essential oil of T. viscidum was predominantly composed of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, with ( E)-caryophyllene (47.91%) and germacrene D (19.17%) as the major constituents. The essential oil exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against three Gram-positive bacteria ( Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus), one Gram-negative bacterium ( Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and one yeast ( Candida albicans), with MIC values ranging from 32 to 64 μg/mL and IC50 values ranging from 9.56 to 24.07 μg/mL. The mosquito larvicidal activity of the essential oil showed strong efficacy against C. quinquefasciatus larvae, with LC50 values of 23.07 μg/mL after 24 h and 19.67 μg/mL after 48 h, and LC90 values of 32.90 μg/mL at 24 h and 29.99 μg/mL at 48 h, indicating increased effectiveness with prolonged exposure.

Conclusion

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the chemical composition and biological activities of T. viscidum essential oil. The findings highlight its potent antimicrobial and mosquito larvicidal properties, suggesting it as a promising natural alternative to synthetic antimicrobial agents and insecticides. Further research is warranted to explore its mechanisms of action and potential applications in pharmaceuticals and pest control.
Exposure to Partisan News and Its Impact on Social Polarization and Vote Choice: Evidence From the 2022 Brazilian Elections
Authors: Mont’Alverne Camila , Arguedas Amy Ross , Banerjee Sayan , Toff Benjamin , Fletcher Richard , Nielsen Rasmus Kleis
Published: November 2024

Studies have found limited evidence consistent with the theory that partisan and like-minded online news exposure have demonstrable effects on political outcomes. Most of this prior research, however, has focused on the particular case of the United States even as concern elsewhere in the world has grown about political parallelism in media content online, which has sometimes been blamed for heightened social divisiveness. This article investigates the impact of online partisan news consumption on voting behavior and social polarization during the 2022 elections in Brazil, a country where the public’s ties to political parties have historically been more limited or nonexistent but where ideologically aligned news content online has markedly increased in recent years. Drawing on a unique dataset linking behavioral web-tracking data of 2,200 internet users in Brazil and 4 survey waves with the same respondents, conducted before, during, and after the 2022 presidential elections, we find no significant relationship between the use of partisan media on either vote choice or social polarization overall; however, we do find some weak and inconsistent effects of trust in news moderating the impact of partisan media on social polarization.
Generalized type II minocycline-induced pigmentation: A case report
Authors: Zhao Wumei , Fu Haijing , Xu Tianyi , Shan Shi-Jun
Published: November 2024

Minocycline-induced pigmentation is a rare dermatological condition that primarily affects the skin and thyroid gland, oral mucosa, nails, teeth, bones, and sclera leading to grayish-blue pigmentation in these areas. Early identification, discontinuation of the drug, and laser treatment are crucial in managing this condition. We reported a case involving a 72-year-old Chinese woman who developed diffuse blue-brown pigmentation after 1 year of minocycline treatment for pemphigus vulgaris. Histological examination revealed multiple pigment-laden macrophages and free pigment in the dermis at the skin lesions. According to our review of the literatures, the generalized skin involvement made our case very rare in comparison with those previously reported of Chinese patients.
Turning Challenges into Opportunities Through Women Empowerment: Agritourism in Central Luzon, Philippines
Authors: Lapuz Mark Chris M. , Manlapaz Christopher R. , Francisco Jerry Gil B.
Published: November 2024

Women are exposed to various challenges, especially when engaged in men’s work. This study described the condition of women as they turned challenges into opportunities in agritourism through women’s empowerment. It was anchored on the theoretical foundations of organizational resilience and women in the tourism framework. The study addressed the key question of how women in agritourism sites of Central Luzon turned the challenges they experienced into opportunities through women empowerment. The research gap bridged by the study involved analyzing the conversion process of challenges into opportunities by validating the presence of different aspects of empowerment in agritourism operations. Qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews among empowered women leaders in agritourism enterprises. Data were analyzed and presented through thematic outcome-pair matching to verify propositions from related literature and studies. Results showed a complete match with the conversion of challenges into opportunities through empowerment in terms of political, economic, and socio-cultural aspects, but a partial match was observed in terms of the physical aspect of empowerment. The study revealed that women in agritourism converted their challenges into opportunities that benefit them as women who excelled in male-dominated industries. Practical implications were observed as agritourism served as a platform for improving the quality of life of women in Central Luzon. The research also contributed to widening the importance of women’s empowerment as a mechanism rather than an end goal in attaining the opportunities offered for women leaders in the agritourism industry.
Impact of Livelihood Assets on Strategies and Covid-19 Vulnerabilities Among Hydropower Displaced Communities in Nepal: Empirical Research of Arun III and Middle Bhotekoshi
Authors: Duan Yuefang , Khanal Ribesh , Bhattarai Binod Prasad
Published: November 2024

This paper presents research on the hydropower-displaced communities of the Middle Bhotekoshi and Arun-III projects in Nepal, focusing on the effects of different livelihood assets on their livelihood strategies. The study finds that certain assets, such as social and human capital, significantly affect livelihood strategy selection, while others, such as physical and financial capital, do not. Additionally, most households (66%) diversified their income away from agriculture. Although non-farm sources were the most viable strategy, the majority (67.77%) of people living below the international poverty line also used this strategy. The paper also explores the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hydropower-displaced people in Nepal, highlighting key challenges such as reduced household income, disrupted agricultural production, and inadequate access to medical care. Ultimately, the study underscores the need for targeted interventions to address the specific needs of hydropower-displaced people in Nepal, considering both their displacement and the ongoing pandemic.
Equity Matters: A Decade-Long Systematic Review of Strategies for Equity and Justice in English-as-a-Foreign-Language (EFL) Classrooms
Authors: Feifei Chen
Published: November 2024

English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teaching holds significant importance in advancing the worldwide efforts towards promoting equity and justice in this transformative age. This study comprises a critical review of the equity and justice-oriented strategies (EJOS) implemented by EFL teachers within classrooms settings. By examining 20 studies published between 2013 and 2022 in Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases, four categories of EJOS (equalizing support for all, respecting the diversity of learners, creating a supportive learning climate, and fostering critical awareness for social change) and their varying effects on learners’ cognition, behavior, affection and social identity were identified. Besides, the study highlights challenges and gaps in the realm of EJOS, providing a solid foundation for future research in this domain. Drawing on the findings, this systematic review highlights the theoretical and practical implications for equity and justice-oriented EFL teaching and calls for researchers and social justice advocates to continue exploring effective strategies across diverse educational, national, and socio-cultural contexts to promote equitable education.
Breaking Down Silos in Sustainable Forest Management and Fostering Interagency Collaboration through the “Adopt a Forest” Initiative in Kenya
Authors: Chisika Sylvester Ngome , Park Hyemin , Yeom Chunho
Published: November 2024

Forests are vital for sustainable development and provide ecosystem services. The “Adopt a forest” initiative is proposed to tackle deforestation and forest management challenges. This study sought to analyze the implementation of forest adoption in Kenya, seeking to improve understanding and promote it as a solution for sustainable forest management by enhancing interagency collaboration. The study assessed the effects of the adopt-a-forest initiative from 2019 to 2021, focusing on its role in promoting interagency collaboration and its socio-economic and environmental benefits in Kenya. A case study research design and literature review using document-content analysis were used to evaluate secondary data obtained from online sources of government bodies, NGOs, and private sector organizations involved in forest restoration across counties. Case results from Kenya demonstrate that forest adoption encourages interagency collaboration, with 49 agencies collectively adopting 18,386 hectares of public forests and nurturing 742,235 tree seedlings. The initiative has mobilized Kshs. 36,862,788 for restoration. However, uneven collaboration distribution raises concerns about exacerbating regional development disparities and negative equity outcomes. The study enhances understanding of the adopt-a-forest initiative’s impact on interagency collaboration for forest restoration. It identifies socio-economic and environmental benefits, challenges of uneven distribution, informing policy enhancements and advocating for ongoing monitoring. The study’s findings impact forest management policies globally. The adopt-a-forest initiative promotes collaboration and resource mobilization for restoration, addressing deforestation and enhancing ecosystem services. Addressing collaboration disparities is crucial for equitable development, requiring ongoing policy monitoring and refinement.