bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retaliation
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: October 2023

An overview of the key topics faced by disability services providers with citations to noteworthy cases, statutes, regulations, and additional sources.
Elongation of the developing spinal cord is driven by Oct4‐type transcription factor‐mediated regulation of retinoic acid signaling in zebrafish embryos
Authors: Yuikawa Tatsuya , Sato Takehisa , Ikeda Masaaki , Tsuruoka Momo , Yasuda Kaede , Sato Yuto , Nasu Kouhei , Yamasu Kyo
Published: October 2023

Background

Elongation of the spinal cord is dependent on neural development from neuromesodermal progenitors in the tail bud. We previously showed the involvement of the Oct4‐type gene, pou5f3, in this process in zebrafish mainly by dominant‐interference gene induction, but, to compensate for the limitation of this transgene approach, mutant analysis was indispensable. pou5f3 involvement in the signaling pathways was another unsolved question.

Results

We examined the phenotypes of pou5f3 mutants and the effects of Pou5f3 activation by the tamoxifen‐ERT2 system in the posterior neural tube, together confirming the involvement of pou5f3. The reporter assays using P19 cells implicated tail bud‐related transcription factors in pou5f3 expression. Regulation of tail bud development by retinoic acid (RA) signaling was confirmed by treatment of embryos with RA and the synthesis inhibitor, and in vitro reporter assays further showed that RA signaling regulated pou5f3 expression. Importantly, the expression of the RA degradation enzyme gene, cyp26a1, was down‐regulated in embryos with disrupted pou5f3 activity.

Conclusions

The involvement of pou5f3 in spinal cord extension was supported by using mutants and the gain‐of‐function approach. Our findings further suggest that pou5f3 regulates the RA level, contributing to neurogenesis in the posterior neural tube.
Carbonized Sweet Potato‐Based Evaporator for Highly Efficient Solar Vapor Generation
Authors: Wang Wei , Tian Ziyu , Huan Xi , Li Yining , Hu Ping
Published: October 2023

Solar vapor generation has been considered an appealing way to solve freshwater scarcity issues. Although several natural materials have been developed, the exploration of biomass materials with stable evaporation, simple processes, and low energy consumption is still necessary. Herein, sweet potato, a high‐yield natural plant, is explored to prepare a solar evaporator with a cross‐linked porous structure. Carbonized sweet potato exhibits a high evaporation rate of 1.7 kg m−2 h−1 and an excellent solar–thermal conversion efficiency of 76% under 1 sun. This demonstrates excellent photothermal ability and enhanced water evaporation performance. Thanks to the unobstructed cross‐linking structure and fast water transport, the salt does not accumulate on the evaporator's surface in high‐salinity brine (10–20 wt% NaCl) and the evaporation rate is 1.35 kg m−2 h−1. This suggests superior evaporative stability and self‐desalting capability. The purpose of this study is to provide an eco‐friendly, stable, and efficient evaporator, with salt resistance by simple processes, and to demonstrate the potential application of biomass materials in solar vapor generation.
Notoginsenoside‐R1 ameliorates palmitic acid‐induced insulin resistance and oxidative stress in HUVEC via Nrf2/ARE pathway
Authors: Wang Jingjing , He Xun , Lv Shiwen
Published: October 2023

Panax notoginseng, a Chinese traditional food and herb medicine, possesses notable cardiovascular health‐promoting properties, with notoginsenoside (NG)‐R1 being a key active compound. Insulin resistance represents a global health concern associated with various metabolic disorders. This study investigated the effects of NG‐R1 on palmitic acid (PA)‐induced insulin resistance and oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Our findings demonstrate that NG‐R1 significantly alleviated impaired glucose uptake, enhanced the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) at Ser473, and reduced the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS‐1) at Ser307 in PA‐treated HUVECs. Furthermore, NG‐R1 treatment significantly lowered the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4‐hydroxynonenal (4‐HNE), while increasing the ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Additionally, NG‐R1 activated the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway, leading to a substantial increase in the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Notably, knockdown of Nrf2 attenuated the beneficial effects of NG‐R1 on PA‐induced insulin resistance and oxidative stress in HUVECs, suggesting that NG‐R1 exerts its effects through the Nrf2/ARE pathway. In summary, our study reveals that NG‐R1 ameliorated PA‐induced insulin resistance in HUVECs via Nrf2/ARE pathway, providing novel insights into its potential for alleviating metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease.
Varietal and trait preferences for boiled sweetpotato in urban Hanoi and implications for breeding
Authors: Vu Thi Minh Hang , Tu Viet Phu , Naziri Diego
Published: October 2023

Cognizant of the need to refocus breeding efforts toward end‐product quality traits taking into account the preferences of consumers and in consideration of the rapid urbanization in South‐eastern Asia, this study investigated the consumer's preferences for sweetpotato in Hanoi. Using a mixed‐methods research design, the study identified the most preferred and least preferred attributes of both the fresh and boiled product, disaggregated by gender, age, and socioeconomic status. Preferences and associated traits of six popular varieties were determined. Results indicate that while these varieties largely already meet consumers' preferences, consumers have a clear preference for a few varieties for which marginal adjustments are needed to further increase their acceptability among the growing urban population. Our findings indicate the direction of these adjustments and can contribute to inform demand‐led national and international breeding programs and, ultimately, to higher and faster variety uptake and adoption.
Utility of palliative prognostic index and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio in predicting prognosis of end‐stage squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck
Authors: Higashino Masaaki , Sugimoto Kosuke , Onishi Shuji , Okabe Kohei , Yasuda Chika , Tadokoro Hiroshi , Kawata Ryo
Published: October 2023

Background

The purpose of this study was to examine the factors influencing the prognosis of end‐stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and to develop a more useful prognostic index.

Patients and methods

This retrospective observational study included 79 patients with end‐stage HNSCC. Patients were grouped by patient factors and prognostic indicators, and overall survival from the start of Best Supportive Care was compared for each group. In addition, overall survival was compared between patients with palliative prognostic index (PPI) ≥6 and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) ≥10 and patients with PPI <6 or NLR <10.

Results

PPI ≥6 and NLR ≥10 were associated with significantly more frequent poor prognoses (p = 0.01 and p = 0.002, respectively). The median survival was 32 days in cases with PPI ≥6 and NLR ≥10, and 64 days for PPI <6 or NLR <10 (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The combination of PPI and NLR is a useful indicator for predicting the prognosis of patients with end‐stage HNSCC.
Rabdosichuanin C inhibits productions of pro‐inflammatory mediators regulated by NF‐κB signaling in LPS‐stimulated RAW264.7 cells
Authors: Lingxia Zhang , Hong Wu , Man Gong , Xinzhou Wang , Lili Wang , Zhimin Wang , Liping Dai , Erping Xu
Published: October 2023

Chronic pharyngitis (CP) is an inflammatory disease of the pharyngeal mucosa and its lymphatic tissues that is difficult to treat clinically. However, research on the exact therapeutic agents and molecular mechanisms of CP is still unclear. In this study, we investigated Rabdosichuanin C (RC) to attenuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced inflammatory damage in RAW264.7 cells by a combination of targeted virtual screening and in vitro activity assay and further clarified its molecular mechanism of action centering on the IκB/nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) pathway. Molecular docking and pharmacophore simulation methods were used to screen compounds with IκB inhibitory effects. Expression of genes and proteins related to the IκB/NF‐κB signaling pathway by RC in LPS‐induced inflammatory injury model of RAW264.7 cells was detected by PCR, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blot. The docking of RC with IκB protein showed good binding energy, and pharmacophore simulations further confirmed the active effect of RC in inhibiting IκB protein. RC intervention in LPS‐induced RAW264.7 cells significantly reduced the expression levels of inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukins‐6, iNOS, and CD‐86 at the messenger RNA and protein levels, downregulated IκB, p65 protein phosphorylation levels, and significantly inhibited IκB/NF‐κB signaling pathway activation. Virtual screening provided us with an effective method to rapidly identify compounds RC that target inhibit the action of IκB, and the activity results showed that RC inhibits NF‐κB signaling pathway activation. It is suggested that RC may play a role in the treatment of CP by inhibiting the IκB/NF‐κB signaling pathway.
Regulatory effect of NK homeobox 1 (NKX2.1) on melanocortin 4 receptor (Mc4r) promoter in Mandarin fish
Authors: Xu Di‐Mei , He Shan , Liang Xu‐Fang , Wu Jia‐Qi , Wang Qiu‐Ling , Jia Xiao‐Dan
Published: October 2023

The melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) is a G protein‐coupled transporter that mediates the regulation of thyroid hormones and leptin on energy balance and food intake. However, the mechanisms of transcriptional regulation of Mc4r by thyroid hormone and leptin in fish have been rarely reported. The messenger RNA expression of Mc4r gene was significantly higher in brain than those in other tissues of mandarin fish. We analyzed the structure and function of a 2029 bp sequence of Mc4r promoter. Meanwhile, overexpression of NKX2.1 and incubation with leptin significantly increased Mc4r promoter activity, but triiodothyronine showed the opposite effect. In addition, mutations in the NKX2.1 binding site abolished not only the activation of Mc4r promoter activity by leptin but also the inhibitory effect of thyroid hormones on Mc4r promoter activity. In summary, these results suggested that thyroid hormones and leptin might regulate the transcriptional expression of Mc4r through NKX2.1.
Identifying commonalities in definition and governance of point‐of‐care ultrasound within statements from medical organizations in the United States: A scoping review for a shared understanding
Authors: Lee Jeong‐Yong , Conlon Thomas W. , Fraga Maria V. , Bauer Andrew J. , Soni Nilam J. , Chen Aaron E. , Kaplan Summer L.
Published: October 2023

This scoping review analyzed statements from 22 medical organizations in the United States to identify commonalities in the definition and governance of point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS). A total of 41 statements were included. The review found that the most commonly used elements in defining POCUS were “focused,” “bedside,” and “patient care.” In terms of governance, consistent requirements included specific training programs, documentation in medical records, continuous quality assurance, and standards for credentialing and privileging. These findings suggest the existence of essential commonalities that could facilitate communication and the development of standardized POCUS programs in the future.
Healthcare segregation in orthopedic surgery: A statewide analysis of American Indian and Alaska Native patients
Authors: Mand Simran , Telfer Scott
Published: October 2023

Significant health disparities have been described for American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) patients undergoing various surgical procedures, however, research into healthcare segregation within orthopedic surgery has been limited. In this study, our purpose was to assess if AIAN patients were more likely to be treated by lower‐volume surgeons and at lower‐volume hospitals. AIAN and White patients who underwent one of four common orthopedic procedures (knee or hip arthroplasty, femur or tibia repair) were identified from a Washington state inpatient database. Demographic, socioeconomic, geographic, and procedure data were surveyed, and volumetric thresholds were established for lower versus higher volume surgeons and hospitals. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated for AIAN patients receiving care from a lower volume surgeon or hospital, including covariates for patient demographics, geographic, and socioeconomic status. AIAN patients were more likely to receive care from a lower‐volume surgeon for all procedures except tibial repair. Adjusted odds ratios of 1.53 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22, 1.92) and 1.68 (95% CI: 1.26, 2.21) were found for AIAN patients receiving knee or hip arthroplasty from a lower volume surgeon, respectively. There was no strong evidence of AIAN patients being more likely to receive care at a lower‐volume hospital. Finally, AIAN patients having knee arthroplasty at a higher volume hospital were more likely to have their surgery performed by a lower volume surgeon. These data suggest that there may be significant healthcare segregation among AIAN patients across common orthopedic surgical procedures.
Comparative Raman spectroscopy of astrobiology relevant bio‐samples and planetary surface analogs under UV–VIS–IR excitation
Authors: Hanke Franziska , Böttger Ute , Pohl Andreas , Irmscher Klaus , Pavlov Sergey G.
Published: October 2023

We investigated the potential of a laser selection in the broad optical range, from ultraviolet through visible to infrared (excitation wavelengths of 325, 532, 785, and 1064 nm) for combined analysis of Earth‐relevant extremophiles (Xanthoria elegans, Buellia frigida, and green alga of Circinaria gyrosa), carbohydrate molecules, as well as Mars and Moon surface regolith simulants as analog mineral mixtures (P‐MRS, S‐MRS, LRS, and JSC‐1). We show that the optimization of the laser photon energy provides (for at least one of the chosen excitation wavelengths) high‐end quality Raman spectra for each examined sample. In most cases, the infrared spectral range is advanced for biological samples, while an excitation in the visible and ultraviolet spectral range is often favorable or at least sufficient for accurate identification/resolution of mineral phases under the illuminated laser spot on the planetary surface simulants. Ultraviolet excitation does not always deliver significant contrast of the Raman Stokes responses to the induced photoluminescence in the studied biomolecules. Most prominent features in the Raman spectra of the biological samples are assigned to their specific pigments, also considered as biomolecular signatures of the extremophiles. The critical issue of specific advantages and limitations of each particular excitation source implies study for gaining scientific return from Raman spectroscopy for exobiological prospecting, for instance, the best trade between a single or dual excitation wavelength(s) for both biological and geological spectral data.
Comparison of laparoscopic lateral lymph node dissection for rectal cancer with and without routine resection of the visceral branches of internal iliac artery
Authors: Xiao Jianlin , Zhang Xubing , Gu Chaoyang , Yang Xuyang , Meng Wenjian , Wei Mingtian , Wang Ziqiang
Published: October 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to explore the safety and feasibility of the modified lateral lymph node dissection (LLND) with routine resection of the visceral branches of internal iliac vessels (IIVs) for mid‐low‐lying rectal cancer.

Materials and Method

Consecutive patients undergoing LLND for rectal cancer were divided into the routine visceral branches of the IIVs resection group (RVR group) and the NRVR group (without routine resection). The main outcomes were postoperative complications and the number of lateral lymph nodes harvested.

Results

From 2012 to 2021, a total of 75 and 57 patients were included in the RVR and NRVR group, respectively. The operative time was reduced in the RVR group (p = 0.020). No significant difference was observed between the two groups for the incidence of total, major, or minor postoperative complications. Pathologically confirmed LLNM were 24 (32%) patients in the RVR group and 12 (21.1%) in the NRVR group (p = 0.162). The number of lateral lymph nodes harvested had no significant difference between two groups (11 vs. 12, p = 0.329).

Conclusion

LLND with routine resection of visceral branches of IIVs is safe and feasible, which brings no major complication or long‐term urinary disorder.
Ovine model of congenital chest wall and spine deformity: From birth to 3 months follow‐up
Authors: Shen Jesse , Samson Nathalie , Lamontagne‐Proulx Jérôme , Soulet Denis , Tremblay Yves , Bazin Marc , Nadeau Charlène , Bouchard Sarah , Praud Jean‐Paul , Parent Stefan
Published: October 2023

Background

The evolution and treatment of lung alterations related to congenital spine and chest wall deformities (CWD) are poorly understood. Most animal models of CWD created postnatally were not evaluated for respiratory function. The goal of our study was to evaluate the effects of a CWD induced in utero on lung growth and function in an ovine model.

Methods

A CWD was induced in utero at 70–75 days of gestation in 14 ovine fetuses by resection of the 7th and 8th left ribs. Each non‐operated twin fetus was taken as control. Respiratory mechanics was studied postnatally in the first week and at 1, 2, and 3 months. Post‐mortem respiratory mechanics and lung histomorphometry were also assessed at 3 months.

Results

Eight out of 14 CWD lambs (57%) and 14 control lambs survived the postnatal period. One severe and five mild deformities were induced. At birth, inspiratory capacity (25 vs. 32 mL/kg in controls), and dynamic (1.4 vs. 1.8 mL/cmH2O/kg), and static (2.0 vs. 2.5 mL/cmH2O/kg) respiratory system compliances were decreased in CWD lambs. Apart from a slight decrease in inspiratory capacity at 1 month of life, no other differences were observed in respiratory mechanics measured in vivo thereafter. Postmortem measurements found a significant decrease in lung compliance—for each lung and for both lungs taken together—in CWD lambs. No differences in lung histology were detected at 3 months in CWD animals compared to controls.

Conclusions

Our study is the first to assess the effects of a prenatally induced CWD on lung development and function from birth to 3 months in an ovine model. Our results show no significant differences in lung histomorphometry at 3 months in CWD lambs compared to controls. Resolution at 1 month of the alterations in respiratory mechanics present at birth may be related to the challenge in inducing severe deformities.
SIRT3 enhances the protective effect of Xyloketal B on seizure‐induced brain injury by regulating AMPK/mTOR signaling‐mediated autophagy
Authors: Chen Fen‐Fang , Liu Jian‐Feng , Zhou Di‐Mi
Published: October 2023

Brain damage in children due to seizures is irreversible and has been a major public health concern. The herbal monomer Xyloketal B (Xyl‐B) can be used as a neuroprotective drug because of its antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti‐inflammatory effects but with few adverse effects. In this article, we constructed a rat developmental convulsion model and a primary hippocampal neuronal cell convulsion model, through which we studied hippocampal neuronal morphology and neuronal apoptosis using H&E staining and TUNEL staining, respectively. Moreover, we measured TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐1β inflammatory factor levels using ELISA, MDA, and SOD kits. The expression of SIRT3 in hippocampal tissues was determined by qPCR and Western blotting. The expression of autophagy‐related proteins such as LC3, p62, and Beclin‐1 was evaluated by Western blotting or immunohistochemistry. The role of SIRT3 and autophagic activity with Xyl‐B in convulsive seizure‐induced brain injury was investigated by knocking down SIRT3 expression levels. Our results showed that Xyl‐B plays a neuroprotective role in convulsive seizure‐induced brain injury by increasing SIRT3 expression and activating the autophagy pathway. The regulatory role of SIRT3 in the autophagy pathway with Xyl‐B treatment was explored by knocking down SIRT3 expression and inhibiting autophagy. Our results revealed that SIRT3 enhances the protective effect of Xyl‐B against postconvulsive brain injury by regulating AMPK/mTOR signaling‐mediated autophagy.
TLR9 regulates the autophagy–lysosome pathway to promote dendritic cell maturation and activation by activating the TRAF6‐cGAS‐STING pathway
Authors: Liu Ying , Wei Fang‐Zhi , Zhan Yu‐Wei , Wang Ru , Mo Bi‐Yao , Lin Shu‐Dian
Published: October 2023

Dysregulated maturation and activation of dendritic cells (DCs) play a significant role in the progression of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The autophagy–lysosome pathway has been identified as a potential mechanism to inhibit DC activation and maturation, but its precise workings remain unclear. We investigated the role and regulatory mechanism of TLR9 in modulating the autophagy–lysosome pathway and DCs activation. The mRNA and protein expressions were assessed using qRT‐PCR and/or western blot. NZBW/F1 mice was used to construct a lupus nephritis (LN) model in vivo. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by TUNEL staining. Flow cytometry was adopted to analyze DCs surface markers. Lyso‐tracker red staining was employed to analyze lysosome acidification. Levels of anti‐dsDNA, cytokines, C3, C4, urine protein and urine creatinine were examined by ELISA. The results showed that TLR9 was markedly increased in SLE patients, and its expression was positively correlated with SLEDAI scores and dsDNA level. Conversely, TLR9 expression showed a negative correlation with C3 and C4 levels. Loss‐of function experiments demonstrated that TLR9 depletion exerted a substantial inhibition of renal injury, inflammation, and DCs numbers. Additionally, upregulation of TLR9 promoted DCs maturation and activation through activation of autophagy and lysosome acidification. Further investigation revealed that TLR9 targeted TRAF6 to activate the cGAS‐STING pathway. Rescue experiments revealed that inactivation of the cGAS/STING signaling pathway could reverse the promoting effects of TLR9 upregulation on DCs maturation, activation, and autophagy–lysosome pathway. Overall, our findings suggested that TLR9 activated the autophagy–lysosome pathway to promote DCs maturation and activation by activating TRAF6‐cGAS‐STING pathway, thereby promoting SLE progression.
A significant change in sea ice diffuse attenuation coefficient with temperature and its implications for the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Zhang Yu , Xu Zhantang , Ehn Jens K. , Diaz Aura , Yang Yuezhong
Published: October 2023

Sea ice transparency is essential to the ecology of the ice‐covered sea. Research suggests that the diffuse attenuation coefficient of downwelling irradiance () varies with ice temperature (); however, the characteristics of its response are not well understood yet, particularly from a quantitative perspective. In an attempt to fill this gap, three independent laboratory experiments were performed between 2016 and 2022 to investigate the variations of with changing . Validation experiments were further performed in Liaodong Bay in 2018 and 2022. To explore the dominant factors controlling this phenomenon, corresponding changes in scattering properties were estimated through a two‐stream radiative transfer model. To examine its implications for local ice algal primary production and radiation transport, of Arctic sea ice was parameterized as a function of . Our results from the laboratory and field experiments showed that decreases (increases) with ice warming (cooling), and a 1°C change in results in a 0.29 m−1 average change in . The response of to between −9°C and −2°C is more notable than that observed between −24°C and −9°C. This is associated with the different variations in the scattering properties of sea ice. It reveals a significant effect on ice algal primary production under severe light‐limited conditions but a weaker effect on radiation transport. Knowledge of this ‐temperature dependence would further improve our understanding of the optical properties of sea ice and the parameterization of ice transparency in large‐scale climate models.
Strategies for dynamic pricing competition between differentiated sellers: Considering platform fees and strategic consumers
Authors: Chen Haijun , Xu Qi
Published: October 2023

In the dynamic realm of the platform economy, the intricate relationship between platform charging mechanisms, seller tactics, and consumer behavior is crucial. This study delves into this relationship by constructing a two‐period dynamic game model, examining how different platform charging approaches impact pricing strategies among two distinct sellers, all while considering consumer strategic actions. Our findings reveal that the combination of seller quality differentiation and platform charging methods profoundly shapes consumer strategic actions. Interestingly, strategic consumers do not invariably harm seller profits. In specific settings, such as when using a revenue‐sharing model with slight quality differentiation, high‐quality sellers might even reap greater benefits than when dealing with short‐sighted consumers. Moreover, the decision for sellers to adhere to a specific price isn't always advantageous. For instance, under a revenue‐sharing model with limited competition, a price commitment from a lower quality seller might backfire. Additionally, in scenarios with a fixed‐fee model, there's a noticeable lack of incentive for differentiated sellers to commit to prices. This study accentuates the subtle yet significant influence of consumer strategic actions on seller profits in the platform economy context. It underscores the imperative for both sellers and platforms to remain vigilant and adaptive, ensuring their strategies resonate with the ever‐evolving consumer behaviors.
What can we gain from subpopulation universal pulses? A simulation‐based study
Authors: Tyshchenko Igor , Lévy Simon , Jin Jin , Tahayori Bahman , Blunck Yasmin , Johnston Leigh A.
Published: October 2023

Purpose

The aim of the study was to explore a novel methodology for designing universal pulses (UPs) that balances the benefits of a calibration‐free approach with subject‐specific online pulse design.

Methods

The proposed method involves segmenting the population into subpopulations with variability in anatomical shapes and positions reduced to 75%, 50%, and 25% of their original values while keeping the mean values unchanged. An additional 25% extreme case with a large volume of interest and shifted position was included. For each group, a 5kT‐points universal inversion pulse was designed and assessed by the normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) on the target longitudinal magnetization profile. The performance was compared to the conventional one‐size‐fits‐all approach. A total of 132 electromagnetic simulations were executed to generate representative anatomies and specific absorption rate (SAR) distributions in a three‐dimensional parameter space comprised of head breadth, head length, and Y‐shift. The 99.9th percentile on the peak local SAR distribution was utilized to establish an intersubject variability safety margin.

Results

UPs designed for subpopulations with decreased head shape and position variability reduced the anatomical safety margin by up to 20%. Furthermore, when a head was significantly different to the average case, the proposed approach improved the inversion homogeneity by up to 24%, compared to the conventional one‐size‐fits‐all approach.

Conclusion

Subpopulation UPs present an opportunity to improve the homogeneity and reduce anatomical SAR safety margins at 7T without additional acquisition time for calibration.
Influence of patient head definition on induced E‐fields during MR examination
Authors: Goren Tolga , Reboux Sylvain , Farcito Silvia , Lloyd Bryn , Kuster Niels
Published: October 2023

Purpose

Radiofrequency (RF) exposure during MR examination is limited by IEC 60601‐2‐33 to prevent thermal hazards to patients. These limits are also the basis to derive the maximum induced field for the demonstration of MR safety of implants per ISO/TS 10974 (2018). One limit is the head‐averaged specific absorption rate (SAR), for which the head extent is defined differently by MR and implant vendors. The purpose of this technical note is to inform MR safety stakeholders on the sensitivity of safety evaluations due to different head extent definitions.

Methods

RF distributions from the validated MRIxViP exposure libraries of 12 high‐resolution human anatomical models were scaled to the normative SAR limits for different definitions of the head extent to compare the corresponding induced SAR and electric (E‐)field levels.

Results

The definitions of the head extent used by major implant vendors and defined in ISO/TS 10974 (2018) are larger than those introduced in IEC 60601‐2‐33 (2022), resulting in lower RF head exposure by up to 2.4 dB (factor 1.7). Other proposed definitions of the head result in intermediate values.

Conclusion

The different head extents result in different maximum RF exposures affecting the risk assessment by up to a factor of 1.7. The results of this study can be used to estimate the additional uncertainty in safety assessments. Future revisions of MR standards should eliminate this inconsistency.
Characterization of HOXB13 expression patterns in localized and metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Patel Radhika A , Sayar Erolcan , Coleman Ilsa , Roudier Martine P , Hanratty Brian , Low Jin‐Yih , Jaiswal Neha , Ajkunic Azra , Dumpit Ruth , Ercan Caner , Salama Nina , O'Brien Valerie P , Isaacs William B , Epstein Jonathan I , De Marzo Angelo M , Trock Bruce J , Luo Jun , Brennen W Nathaniel , Tretiakova Maria , Vakar‐Lopez Funda , True Lawrence D , Goodrich David W , Corey Eva , Morrissey Colm , Nelson Peter S , Hurley Paula J , Gulati Roman , Haffner Michael C
Published: October 2023

HOXB13 is a key lineage homeobox transcription factor that plays a critical role in the differentiation of the prostate gland. Several studies have suggested that HOXB13 alterations may be involved in prostate cancer development and progression. Despite its potential biological relevance, little is known about the expression of HOXB13 across the disease spectrum of prostate cancer. To this end, we validated a HOXB13 antibody using genetic controls and investigated HOXB13 protein expression in murine and human developing prostates, localized prostate cancers, and metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancers. We observed that HOXB13 expression increases during later stages of murine prostate development. All localized prostate cancers showed HOXB13 protein expression. Interestingly, lower HOXB13 expression levels were observed in higher‐grade tumors, although no significant association between HOXB13 expression and recurrence or disease‐specific survival was found. In advanced metastatic prostate cancers, HOXB13 expression was retained in the majority of tumors. While we observed lower levels of HOXB13 protein and mRNA levels in tumors with evidence of lineage plasticity, 84% of androgen receptor‐negative castration‐resistant prostate cancers and neuroendocrine prostate cancers (NEPCs) retained detectable levels of HOXB13. Notably, the reduced expression observed in NEPCs was associated with a gain of HOXB13 gene body CpG methylation. In comparison to the commonly used prostate lineage marker NKX3.1, HOXB13 showed greater sensitivity in detecting advanced metastatic prostate cancers. Additionally, in a cohort of 837 patients, 383 with prostatic and 454 with non‐prostatic tumors, we found that HOXB13 immunohistochemistry had a 97% sensitivity and 99% specificity for prostatic origin. Taken together, our studies provide valuable insight into the expression pattern of HOXB13 during prostate development and cancer progression. Furthermore, our findings support the utility of HOXB13 as a diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer, particularly to confirm the prostatic origin of advanced metastatic castration‐resistant tumors. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Causality and functional relevance of BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variants in non‐high‐grade serous ovarian carcinomas
Authors: Kramer CJH , Lanjouw L , Ruano D , ter Elst A , Santandrea G , Solleveld‐Westerink N , Werner N , van der Hout AH , de Kroon CD , van Wezel T , Berger LPV , Jalving M , Wesseling J , Smit VTHBM , de Bock GH , van Asperen CJ , Mourits MJE , Vreeswijk MPG , Bart J , Bosse T
Published: October 2023

The identification of causal BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants (PVs) in epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) aids the selection of patients for genetic counselling and treatment decision‐making. Current recommendations therefore stress sequencing of all EOCs, regardless of histotype. Although it is recognised that BRCA1/2 PVs cluster in high‐grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSOC), this view is largely unsubstantiated by detailed analysis. Here, we aimed to analyse the results of BRCA1/2 tumour sequencing in a centrally revised, consecutive, prospective series including all EOC histotypes. Sequencing of n = 946 EOCs revealed BRCA1/2 PVs in 125 samples (13%), only eight of which were found in non‐HGSOC histotypes. Specifically, BRCA1/2 PVs were identified in high‐grade endometrioid (3/20; 15%), low‐grade endometrioid (1/40; 2.5%), low‐grade serous (3/67; 4.5%), and clear cell (1/64; 1.6%) EOCs. No PVs were identified in any mucinous ovarian carcinomas tested. By re‐evaluation and using loss of heterozygosity and homologous recombination deficiency analyses, we then assessed: (1) whether the eight ‘anomalous’ cases were potentially histologically misclassified and (2) whether the identified variants were likely causal in carcinogenesis. The first ‘anomalous’ non‐HGSOC with a BRCA1/2 PV proved to be a misdiagnosed HGSOC. Next, germline BRCA2 variants, found in two p53‐abnormal high‐grade endometrioid tumours, showed substantial evidence supporting causality. One additional, likely causal variant, found in a p53‐wildtype low‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma, was of somatic origin. The remaining cases showed retention of the BRCA1/2 wildtype allele, suggestive of non‐causal secondary passenger variants. We conclude that likely causal BRCA1/2 variants are present in high‐grade endometrioid tumours but are absent from the other EOC histotypes tested. Although the findings require validation, these results seem to justify a transition from universal to histotype‐directed sequencing. Furthermore, in‐depth functional analysis of tumours harbouring BRCA1/2 variants combined with detailed revision of cancer histotypes can serve as a model in other BRCA1/2‐related cancers. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Effectiveness of a guided online primary care intervention for fear of cancer recurrence: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Luigjes‐Huizer Yvonne L. , Helsper Charles W. , de Wit Niek J. , van der Lee Marije L.
Published: October 2023

Objective

Fear of Cancer Recurrence (FCR) is highly prevalent among cancer survivors and leads to decreased quality of life and increased healthcare costs. We assessed the effectiveness of a guided online primary care intervention for FCR, compared to waiting list.

Methods

In this RCT, participants were recruited online and randomised 1:1. All adults who finished successful curative cancer treatment between 3 months and 10 years ago, wanted support for FCR, and had sufficient Dutch skills were eligible. The intervention consisted of a 10‐week online programme and three to five video calling sessions with a trained mental health worker. After 6 months, the control group received the same intervention. The primary outcome was the difference between the groups in the change in FCR severity from baseline (T0) to 6 months (T2), measured online with the short form of the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory.

Results

One hundred and seventy‐three participants were enroled and randomised to the intervention (n = 86) or control group (n = 87). FCR severity dropped 2.1 points more in the intervention group than in the control group (2.7 points (SD = 3.9) versus 0.6 points (SD = 3.6), t(154) = 3.4, p = 0.0007). General mental well‐being also improved significantly in the intervention group and remained stable in the control group. These improvements remained at 10 months follow up.

Conclusions

This easily accessible and relatively inexpensive intervention effectively reduces FCR and has potential to replace or precede existing more intensive psychological treatments, improving patients' access to care.

Trial registration

The trial was prospectively registered in the Netherlands Trial Register on 25‐02‐2019 with number NL7573.
Silicon Solar Cell with Tunneling Oxide on Sulfur‐Deficient Intrinsic MoS2 Thin Film
Authors: Lee Inseung , Sahu Rajkumar , Kim Keunjoo
Published: October 2023

The thermolytic growth of molybdenum disulfide thin films for solar cell applications is investigated. The thin films are spin‐coated and thermally annealed, and they show a sulfur‐deficient nanosheet structure with various spectral emissions. The intrinsic thin films are used to form heterostructures in silicon solar cells. Two types of Si solar cells are fabricated using a MoS2/p‐Si heterojunction structure and MoS2/SiOx/pn‐Si tunneling structure. The former heterojunction cell does not show photovoltaic cell character. However, the later oxide tunneling cell shows a short‐circuit current of 8.23 A, an open‐circuit voltage of 0.602 V, and a conversion efficiency of 14.6%. This indicates that the sulfur defect‐induced MoS2 thin film shows an n‐type Ohmic character, but it might not form a stable interfacial charge depletion layer with p‐Si wafers in large‐scale cell fabrication.
Willingness to pay for climate change mitigation measures in households: Bundling up renewable energy, energy efficiency, and renovation
Authors: Balezentis Tomas , Streimikiene Dalia , Stankuniene Gintare , Shobande Olatunji Abdul
Published: October 2023

Through their consumption behavior, households are responsible for more than 70% of total global greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, the GHG emission reduction potential due to the household behavior is very high. Energy consumption is the main source of the GHG emission in households. There are two main ways to reduce GHG emissions in households: use of renewable energy, energy efficiency improvement, and energy conservation due to changes in the energy use patterns. The highest energy saving potential in households is linked with building renovation, followed by the use of energy efficient appliances (including lighting). Renewable energy microgeneration technologies in households also provide opportunities for GHG emission reduction. Although there have been many policies developed to reduce GHG emissions from energy consumption in households, they still need to be more effective. This paper aims to assess willingness of Lithuanian households to reduce GHG emissions from energy consumption in households by embarking on energy renovation of buildings, use of energy efficient appliances and use of renewable energy technologies. The willingness to pay for these GHG emission reduction measures allows to compare household preferences with respect to available support measures and assess the adequacy of such measures. The paper also discusses household attitudes toward the main policies and measures for GHG emission reduction. The results show the highest willingness to pay for energy efficient appliances, followed by renewable energy technologies. The willingness to pay for energy renovation is the lowest one and such s measure requires significant state support.
Synthesis of Superhydrophobic and Thermally Stable Metal Oxide Nanowires
Authors: Li Jingwei , Zhao Meigui , Zhao Jianguo , Alodhayb Abdullah , Ma Guibin
Published: October 2023

Superhydrophobic materials, particularly those with high thermal stability, are critically important. Traditional polymer‐based superhydrophobic materials are not sufficiently stable to work at relatively high temperatures. Herein we have developed a facile approach to synthesize superhydrophobic inorganic ceramics by silane chemical functionalization to metal oxide nanowires to form metal‐oxygen‐silicon chemical bonds via a silane vapor coating technique. The very high thermally stable superhydrophobic materials have generated and can maintain a superhydrophobic surface at temperatures as high as 390 °C, 490 °C and 500 °C for K2‐xMn8O16, ZnO and TiO2 metal oxide nanowires, respectively. Once the temperature point is exceeded, the superhydrophobic surface becomes superhydrophilic and but can be switched back to superhydrophobic by a silane vapor coat, indicating a reversible surface property.
A Copolymer of Monomethoxy Poly(ethylene glycol)‐Polycaprolactone as Form‐Stable Phase Change Materials for Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Ong Pin Jin , Lee Hui Yi Shuko , Yeo Jayven Chee Chuan , Li Zibiao , Lee Johnathan Joo Cheng , Wang Suxi , Yin Xuesong , Wang Pei , Xu Jianwei , Loh Xian Jun , Muiruri Joseph Kinyanjui , Zhu Qiang
Published: October 2023

In this work, a series of monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol)‐polycaprolactone (mPEG‐PCL) copolymers with different mass percentages of mPEG was chemically synthesized as form‐stable phase change materials (FSPCMs) for thermal energy storage (TES) application for the first time. Their chemical structures, surface morphology, and thermal properties were studied in terms of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 1H NMR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and FTIR results confirmed the successful ring‐opening polymerization of ϵ‐caprolactone with mPEG macromonomer, and the respective average molecular weight of the copolymers was obtained in the range of 9704–17346 g mol−1. DSC analysis results revealed that the copolymers have a phase change temperature and latent heat in the range of 52.8–57.9 °C and 88.8–114.4 J g−1 respectively and TGA analysis showed that they are thermally stable up to 150 °C. Leakage test results showed that the copolymers (mPEG)x‐(PCL)y displayed excellent form stability with minimal leakage while thermal cycling revealed good thermal reliability. In addition, the copolymers successfully demonstrated their ability to store and release heat for a prolonged period, making them suitable for TES applications like heating water storage tanks.
Effect of Crystal Transformation on the Intrinsic Defects and the Microwave Absorption Performance of Mo2TiC2Tx/RGO Microspheres
Authors: Ling Mengyun , Ge Feijie , Wu Fei , Zhang Lei , Zhang Qiuyu , Zhang Baoliang
Published: October 2023

The nitrides and carbides of transition metals are highly favored due to their excellent physical and chemical properties, among which MXene is a hot research topic for microwave absorption. Herein, the controlled preparation of 3D Mo2TiC2Tx‐based microspheres toward microwave absorption is reported for the first time. With the merits of the performances of both reduced graphite oxide (RGO) and MXene sufficiently considered, the influence of carbonization temperature on the internal crystal structure and the effective microwave‐material interaction surface of the prepared Mo2TiC2Tx/RGO is systematically investigated. The structure–activity relationships relating the apparent morphology and crystal structure to the microwave absorption performance are deeply explored, and the wave absorption mechanism is put forward as well. The results show that the Mo2TiC2Tx/RGO‐700 product obtained after heating treatment at 700 °C exhibits excellent microwave absorption performance, with the RLmin being up to −55.1 dB@2.1 mm@13.8 GHz, and the corresponding effective absorption bandwidth covering 5.7 GHz. The outstanding microwave absorption characteristics are attributed to the appropriate impedance matching, high specific surface area, rich intrinsic defects, desirable conductivity, and strong multipolarization capabilities. This work enriches the types of MXene‐based composite absorbers and provides a new strategy for controlled preparation of high‐performance 3D composite absorbers.
Overcoming Challenges: Extending Cycle Life of Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries at High Zinc Utilization through a Synergistic Strategy
Authors: Xu Xin , Feng Xiang , Li Mingyan , Yin Junyi , Chen Jingzhe , Li Fuxiang , Shi Weichen , Cheng Yonghong , Wang Jianhua
Published: October 2023

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) face challenges in achieving high energy density compared to conventional lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). The lower operating voltage and excessive Zn metal as anode pose constraints on the overall energy storage capacity of these batteries. An effective approach is to reduce the thickness of the Zn metal anode and control its mass appropriately. However, under the condition of using a thin Zn anode, the performance of AZIBs is often unsatisfactory. Through experiments and computational simulations, the electrode structural change and the formation of dead Zn as the primary reasons for the failure of batteries under a high Zn utilization rate are identified. Based on this understanding, a universal synergistic strategy that combines Cu foil current collectors and electrolyte additives to maintain the structural and thermodynamic stability of the Zn anode under a high Zn utilization rate (ZUR) is proposed. Specifically, the Cu current collectors can ensure that the Zn anode structure remains intact based on the spontaneous filling effect, while the additives can suppress parasitic side reactions at the interface. Ultimately, the symmetric cell demonstrates a cycling duration of 900 h at a 70% ZU, confirming the effectiveness of this strategy.
Nanodelivery Systems as a Novel Strategy to Overcome Treatment Failure of Cancer
Authors: He Shi , Gou Xinyu , Zhang Shuheng , Zhang Xifeng , Huang Hongyi , Wang Wanyu , Yi Linbin , Zhang Rui , Duan Zhongxin , Zhou Peizhi , Qian Zhiyong , Gao Xiang
Published: October 2023

Despite the tremendous progress in cancer treatment in recent decades, cancers often become resistant due to multiple mechanisms, such as intrinsic or acquired multidrug resistance, which leads to unsatisfactory treatment effects or accompanying metastasis and recurrence, ultimately to treatment failure. With a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of tumors, researchers have realized that treatment designs targeting tumor resistance mechanisms would be a promising strategy to break the therapeutic deadlock. Nanodelivery systems have excellent physicochemical properties, including highly efficient tissue‐specific delivery, substantial specific surface area, and controllable surface chemistry, which endow nanodelivery systems with capabilities such as precise targeting, deep penetration, responsive drug release, multidrug codelivery, and multimodal synergy, which are currently widely used in biomedical researches and bring a new dawn for overcoming cancer resistance. Based on the mechanisms of tumor therapeutic resistance, this review summarizes the research progress of nanodelivery systems for overcoming tumor resistance to improve therapeutic efficacy in recent years and offers prospects and challenges of the application of nanodelivery systems for overcoming cancer resistance.