bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Judicial Independence and Impartiality of Judiciary: A Comparative Study
Authors: Shaheen Fozia , Khalid Mamoona
Published: February 2018

Vesting judicial power in a separate branch under the doctrine of separation of power requires impartiality of the body exercising judicial powers, in order to develop public confidence on the judiciary. An independent judiciary has always been acted as a guardian of constitution and individual rights. Independence and impartiality of the judiciary is not only necessary for fair trial but also pre-requisites for the application of Rule of Law. If judiciary is biased then there will be chaos and tyranny. Right of fair trial before independent and impartial tribunal is an internationally recognized right under International Instruments. This Article is intended to explore the importance of doctrine of judicial impartiality for preserving Judicial Independence in Constitutional analysis perspective of Pakistan, UK and USA.
Emigration of Adult Children of Older Academics in Southwestern Nigeria and the Future of Child-Parent Support Culture
Authors: Lateef (PhD) ADISA Ademola , Olugbenga (PhD) OLASUPO Matthew
Published: February 2018

The evolving reality of many adult children emigration from Nigeria may create an ‘empty-nests’ for many elders in the future; especially among the older academics. With a qualitative approach, this study conducted 60 in-depth interviews to: establish the proportion of older academics in the Southwestern Nigeria in relationship to their children living abroad; assess the general effects of such journeys on the emigrants and their parents, and finally, to seek ways of monitoring emigration abroad to deter an ‘empty-nest’ situation. The interviews revealed that less than one-fifth of the older academics had children abroad, a result of stronger “pull factors” from countries abroad than the “retention factors” in Nigeria, and jealousy among the children.
The Development Model of Store Atmosphere in Culinary Business to Increase the Purchasing Interest of Society in the Sub-District of Percut Sei Tuan
Authors: Arianty Nel , Ashal Lubis H. Akrim
Published: February 2018

Culinary business has a lot of competition which is faced by business actors. So, in the culinary business, it demands every effort to be able to compete and to defend against competitors. The increasingly fierce competition requires the entrepreneurs to think of the right strategy in competence. This becomes a business opportunity and challenge for every business that operates in Indonesia.

This study aims to make the store atmosphere in culinary business able to compete and to increase the purchasing interest of the society, therefore the purpose in the first year is to conduct a field survey to record and to analyze the culinary business so that people know and are interested to visit and to buy the products that are offered. In the second year is to design and to test model, and to make brochure or pocket book about store atmosphere in culinary business.

From the results of study, it shows that the store atmosphere in culinary business in Sub-District of Percut Sei Tuan if it is viewed from the store exterior indicator, it has less good value with an average value of 3.216, general interior also has less good average value with an average value of 2.984, while store layout in the business has good value with an average value of 3.578 means that business owners can maintain by improving existing facilities, store displays have less good average value with an average value of 3.328.

If it is seen from the results, it is expected that culinary business owners in the Sub-District of Percut Sei Tuan should improve the atmosphere of business place for purchasing interest of society to emerge. Besides store atmosphere indicator, the addition of other indicators is the purchasing interest of the society in which the average value that is generated from the questionnaire is still showing less good value with an average value of 3.3, it means that it becomes a problem for culinary business in Sub-District of Percut Sei Tuan.
Sustainable Development Goals and Community Service Organizations Working for Children in Education in Sudan
Authors: Abdelmoneium-PhD. Azza O
Published: February 2018

The sustainable development goals (SDGs) working towards the 2030 agenda are intergovernmental set of aspirations goals outlining 17 development goals and it has associated 169 targets. Among them is education, which ensures inclusive and equitable quality education, and promote lifelong learning opportunities. Civil society organizations (CSO), plays an important role in achieving SDG in education. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the problems encountered by CSO in providing basic education in Sudan for poor children, in particular, gender equality in education, child friendly schools to ensure quality in education.

This paper used empirical data, which was part of a PhD dissertation on displaced children and CSO. Interviews and focus groups discussions conducted with children age 10-18 and with four CSO key managers. Interviews conducted with a sample of 129 poor children in Khartoum.

The paper will present a case study from Sudan and the voices of the children in access to education and the role of CSO in providing gender equality in education. I argue that if CSO works with and for poor children in education, and have a sound strategy to gender equality in education; SDGs in education by 2030 might achieve. The paper will end with recommendations for access to education and gender equality in education. CSO should work with and for the poor children in education and should strive towards achieving gender equality in education.
A multilevel analysis of factors influencing child mortality in Ghana
Authors: Abbam Anthony
Published: February 2018

Child mortality being a core indicator for child health and the health status of children has significant effect on health in adulthood and socioeconomic development of a nation. This paper uses the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS) 2013–2014 to investigate the predictors of child (age 1-4 years] mortality in a developing country like Ghana. The multilevel logistic regression technique has been used to estimate the predictors of child mortality. The study found that both child and mother-level characteristics such as birth weight, birth order, mother’s age, educational attainment of the mother have substantial impact on child mortality in Ghana Besides, household wealth index has significant impact on child mortality. The findings also show that place of residence and southern-northern dichotomy has momentous effect on child mortality. The paper recommends that governments must pursue policies that seek to improve the economic conditions of households. In addition, steps should be taken by policy makers to reduce spatial disparities in the availability of maternal health services as the absence of this perhaps contributes to child mortality.
Assessment of genetic diversity in goat genetic groups of Kerala, (India) using morphobiometric markers
Authors: Radhika G. , Raghavan K. C. , Mercey K. A. , Sunanda C. , Rojan P. M.
Published: February 2018

Geographical isolation and human interventions resulted in formation of subpopulations among native breeds, which showed differences in morphological or biometric traits. Crossbreeding of indigenous goats with exotic breeds resulted in combining desirable characteristics of many breeds in a composite population. Malabari crossbreds (CB), which had the inheritance of Malabari, Saanen, Alpine and Boer goat breeds were available at University Goat Farm, Mannuthy, Kerala, India. The native goats of Kerala namely, Attappady Black (AB) and populations of Malabari goats from Kannur, Calicut, Thrissur and Malappuram districts (MK, MC, MT and MM) were analysed along with Malabari crossbreds (CB) for genetic diversity. Morphological data were collected from 1776 animals and biometric data from 572 animals representing six goat populations. Qualitative morphological traits analysed were coat colour, presence or absence of horns, tassels, beard, pattern of ear and hair at forequarters and hindquarters. Quantitative biometric traits assessed were chest girth, height at withers, body length and body weight collected from female animals of one to three years of age. Least squares means calculated from SPSS, canonical discriminant analysis by CANDISC, Mahalanobis distance and dendrogram constructed by PROC CLUSTER were used to analyse biometric variables. Canonical discriminant analysis conducted for biometric data identified three statistically significant canonical variables (P less than 0.0001), with CAN1 explaining 57.2 per cent of total variance. Multivariate analytical techniques thus confirmed the existence of six different populations. The discriminatory capacity of biometric variables chosen for the study was also justified.
Cesarean section in Murrah buffaloe
Authors: Khurma J. , Choudhary C. R. , Sharma Vikas , Deeksha Deeksha , Singh K. P.
Published: February 2018

Cesarean section in buffaloes is an emergency operative procedure being performed principally for uncorrectable uterine torsions and for delivery of fetal monsters. Ten cases of uncorrectable uterine torsion and fetal abnormalities were reported at TVCC, IIVER, Rohtak. It was decided to perform cesarean section in all the cases. Buffaloes were restrained in left lateral recumbency with both forelimbs and hindlimbs tied separately. Cesarean sections were performed under local infiltration analgesia using 2% lignocaine HCl and sedation with triflupromazine. Uterus were sutured using absorbable suture material with chromic catgut no. 2 in all the cases. Before suturing, available antibiotic pessaries were placed in the uterus. Post-operatively fluid therapy (5 days), broad spectrum antibiotics (5 days), NSAIDS (3 days) along with multivitamin (3 days) were administered. All animals except one recovered uneventfully.
Correlation between extremes age at first calving with their productive and reproductive performances in Indian Murrah buffaloes (Bubalusbubalis)
Authors: Verma Ranjeet , Singh Inderjeet , Balhara Ashok K. , Nayan Varij , Sharma Rakesh Kumar , Chaudhiry Vikas
Published: February 2018

The dairy economics is greatly affected by the age at first calving as it is an important indicator of precocity and fertility. The present study was carried out to deduce the important productive and reproductive performance traits related to their extremes age at first calving in Murrah buffaloes. Recorded the data of reproductive and productive performances trait of Murrah buffaloes maintained at the animal farm section, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, India during the period of last fifteen year (2001-15). The data of 2753 buffaloes were screened out, on the basis of age at first calving (AFC) categorized into two extreme group. Only 88 out of 2753 buffaloes showed the extremes AFC and categorized as group 1 (n=17 in first parity, 12 in second parity) and group 2 (n=71 in first parity, 36 in second parity) having £36 and ³48 months of AFC respectively. The extreme AFC with their performance traits viz. service period, calving interval, dry period, lactation length and milk yields were included in the analysis. The mean service period, calving interval, dry period was lower in group 1 whereas lactation length and milk yields no differences in between groups. The low milk production was observed in first lactation irrespective to their groups. The extreme AFC was not significantly associated with their performance traits (service period, calving interval, dry period, lactation length and milk yields) in both within and between groups (p >0.05) whereas service period significantly associated with calving intervals (p less than 0.01).
Novel SNP and Unique Sequences in ATP-binding Cassette Super Family-G Member-2 Transporter (ABCG2) Gene of Vechur cattle (Bos indicus)
Authors: Lali F. A. , Kumar K. Anil , Aravindakshan T. V.
Published: February 2018

In the present study, ABCG2 gene of Vechur cattle of Kerala was sequenced and aligned using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) in National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) site. The results revealed that ABCG2 gene sequence of Vechur cattle shows 96% similarity with reference NCBI sequences. Addition of eleven base pairs in 13th intron in ABCG2 gene of Vechur cattle which derived a larger amplicon (303 bp) than expected (292 bp). A novel SNP (G4104A) was identified at 4104th position in intron 13 of ABCG2 gene of Vechur cattle. Further research is suggested to depict the association if any of the novel SNP and unique characters of Vechur cattle.
Rotavirus A associated pathology of intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes and occurrence in bovine calves of Gwalior and Bareilly regions
Authors: Kashyap Gayatri , Singh R. , Malik Y. S. , Agrawal R. K. , Singh K. P. , Kumar P. , Singh Rahul , Gupta D.
Published: February 2018

To understand the pathology of natural cases of rotavirus (RVA) in bovine calves, a total of 40 cases below 6 months died due to diarrhoea were studied, out of which 7 cases (17.5%) turned positive for RVA by RT-PCR. Histopathology of small intestine showed loss of villous enterocytes, blunting and fusion of villi, elongation of crypts and mononuclear cells infiltration in the lamina-propria. The mesenteric lymph nodes were severely depleted of lymphocytes. These changes were corroborated with presence of RVA antigen in sections by dFAT and nucleic acid by RT-PCR. The fluorescent signals were more in mesenteric lymph nodes than in intestine. Besides, 115 rectal fecal samples were also collected from calves for RVA detection by RT-PCR using VP6 gene specific sets of primers. Dead carcasses of calves (n= 40) belonged to organized dairy farm of Bareilly, while rectal fecal samples belonged to both organized (n= 38) and unorganized farms (n= 77) of Bareilly and Gwalior. The overall occurrence of RVA was 19.3% (30/155), comprising 5/37 cases (13.5%) from Gwalior (MP) and 25/118 cases (21.1%) from Bareilly (UP). These findings suggest the infection of RVA widely prevalent in calves and have potential to escape from the intestinal site to mesenteric lymph nodes.
Production performance, immune response and carcass traits of broiler chickens fed diet incorporated with probiotics
Authors: Junaid N. , Biswas Avishek , Kumawat M. , Mandal A. B.
Published: February 2018

This study was carried out to evaluate the production performance, immune response and carcass traits in broiler chickens (0 to 6 weeks) fed diets incorporated with probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidi). One-day-old chicks (192) were randomly selected and divided into 24 groups with 8 chicks in each group (6 dietary treatments x4 replicates). Six experimental diets T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 were formulated to contain an additional 0, BMD @20mg, Lactobacillus acidophilus (106 and 107 cfu/g feed) and Bifidobacterium bifidi (106 and 107 cfu/g feed), respectively. Body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and mortality were not (P>0.05) affected by dietary supplementation of probiotics. On 28d of age, antibody responses to inoculated sheep red blood cells were determined. Antibody titres were higher (P less than 0.05) after feeding probiotics (L. acidophilus) supplemented diets (T3 and T4). During 4th week of age, the response to intra-dermally injected phytohaemagglutinin, an index of the in vivo cell-mediated immune response, increased in the groups fed on probiotic (L. acidophilus) supplemented diets. After 6 weeks, the three birds from each treatment group were sacrificed. Relative weights of the bursa of Fabricius and thymus were greater in broiler chickens given the probiotic supplemented diets but there was no effect on carcass traits, cut up parts and relative weights of organs among the dietary treatments. It was concluded that supplementing the diet with probiotic i.e., L. acidophilus (106 cfu/g feed) had a beneficial effect on immune responses but did not affect production performance and carcass traits in broiler chickens.
Demonstration of parasitic fauna in Indian cobra (Naja naja) and Indian rock python (Python molurus) reared in a Biological Park of Karnataka, South India
Authors: Venkataravanappa Manjunatha , Rout Manoranjan , Suresh Sujay , Jaisingh Nirupama , Salian Nikitha
Published: February 2018

This study was carried out to investigate the parasitic fauna in Indian cobra (Naja naja) and Indian rock pythons (Python molurus) under captive condition in Bannerghatta Biological Park, Bangalore, Karnataka during 2015-2016. A total of 18 fecal samples from Indian cobra and 8 from Indian rock pythons were collected and screened. From 8 fecal samples of python, 7 were found positive for ova of Ophidascaris nematode, 4 for ova of Bothridia cestode and 3 for coccidian oocysts. From 18 fecal samples of Indian cobra, 5 were positive for Rhabdias ova and 1 for coccidian oocysts. Lung impression smear taken from one Indian cobra after necropsy and stained with Giemsa stain demonstrated Rhabdias larvated ova. From necropsy of 4 Indian rock pythons, granulomatous pneumonia in lungs, haemorrhages, edema, mucosal necrosis and thickening with nodule formation in large intestine was observed due to Ophidascaris nematode, while Bothridia tape worms caused severe congestion and hemorrhage of small intestinal mucosa as well as thickening of submucosa due to inflammatory reaction. Both Ophidascaris and Bothridia are highly pathogenic and cause mortality in Indian rock pythons. The Rhabdias infestation in Cobra though not much pathogenic, heavy infestation may lead to respiratory failure. Confinement induces stress and dysecdysis affecting the health of snakes under captivity. Probably the host diet (live feed) and the hygiene maintained in the enclosures are the most important determinants of the helminthic fauna of snakes. Careful examination of live feed and cleanliness in the enclosure supported by regular deworming can control the parasitic infections in snakes.
Efficacy of egg yolk based and egg yolk free soya bean milk based extenders for cryopreservation of Zebu cattle and buffalo semen
Authors: Chaudhary P. J. , Dhami A. J. , Chaudhari D. V. , Hadiya K. K. , Patel J. A.
Published: February 2018

This study was undertaken on three mature bulls each of Gir cattle and Surti buffalo breeds to evaluate the comparative efficacy of egg yolk based standard TFYG (Tris-citrate-fructose-yolk-glycerol) extender and egg yolk free soybean based commercial extenders Optixcell® (IMV, France) and Andromed® (Minitube, Germany) under split-sample technique. The ejaculates (9/bull) were extended @ 100×106 sperm ml-1 with three extenders and frozen using biofreezer following 4 hr of equilibration. The pooled means of progressively motile sperm observed (irrespective of extenders) at initial, pre-freeze and post-thaw stage in Gir bulls semen were 76.53±0.53, 71.11±0.53 and 39.86±0.90% and in Surti buffalo 80.76±0.39, 74.65±0.45 and 40.35±1.07%, respectively. The corresponding values for live sperm were 75.64±0.76, 69.01±0.97 and 47.99±1.11 % for Gir and 80.90±0.45, 75.76±0.48 and 52.33±0.86 % for Surti buffalo; and those of intact acrosome 94.29±0.25, 90.29±0.27 and 79.29±0.33 % for Gir bulls, and 93.94±0.21, 89.94±0.23 and 78.95±0.26 % for Surti buffalo semen, respectively. The HOS reactive sperm at initial, pre-freeze and post-thaw stage were 76.18±0.74, 71.04±0.76 and 27.90±0.70 % for Gir, and 81.83±0.35, 76.47±0.39 and 27.83±0.68 % for Surti bulls, respectively. The overall mean post-thaw incubation (37°C) survival of spermatozoa observed at 60, 120 and 180 min were 28.40±0.91, 17.78±0.86 and 9.44±0.72% for Gir bulls semen, and 28.01±0.99, 18.40±1.01 and 10.51±0.93% for Surti buffalo semen, respectively. Optixcell was proved superior, and at par with TFYG, than the Andromed in maintaining greater motility, viability, morphology, acrosomal/plasma membrane integrity including post-thaw sperm longevity of cattle and buffalo spermatozoa with significant differences only in sperm motility and post-thaw longevity. The motile, live and HOST reactive sperm were significantly higher in buffalo semen than cattle at initial and pre-freeze stage, but not at post-thaw stage. The results showed that egg yolk free commercial Optixcell extender and egg yolk based TFYG extender were at par in terms of most of the sperm quality traits, hence any one of them can be preferred over Andromed for successful routine cryopreservation of cattle and buffalo semen.
Effect of microbial proteases on the performance and carcass traits in commercial broilers fed maize-soy bean meal -meat cum bone meal based diets
Authors: Srilatha T. , Ravinder Reddy V. , Preetam V. Chinni , Rama Rao S. V. , Reddy Y. Ramana
Published: February 2018

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effective combinations of proteases (acid, neutral and alkaline) and their concentrations on performance and carcass traits in commercial broilers fed on diets containing sub-optimal protein levels. A total of 320 broilers were used in completely randomized design with eight treatments with eight replicates in each treatment and 5chicks in each replicate. Maize-soybean meal (CD) and maize-soybean-meat cum bone meal (BD) based diets were formulated to contain 23, 21 and 19.5% crude protein (CP) and 19.5,18 and 17.5% CP, respectively during pre-starter (1-11 d), starter (12-28d) and finisher (29-42d) phases. All the diets were fed adlibitum from 1d to 42 d of age. The low protein BD were supplemented with two different combinations of proteases (1:1:1 and 2:1:1 acidic, neutral and alkaline proteases, respectively) with total activity of 2000, 4000 and 6000u/kg.The results revealed that the broilers fed CD had significantly higher body weight gain compared to those fed BD. Supplementation of proteases to the BD significantly (P LESS THAN 0.05) improved the body weight gain and feed efficiency during 21 d of age, but not during the latter phase ( 42 d of age) of growth. The broilers fed on CD had significantly (P less than 0.05) higher ready to cook and breast yields compared to those fed the BD or BD with protease supplementation. The relative weight of abdominal fat was significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced in broilers fed BD with 1:1:1 (acidic, neutral and alkaline proteases) at 4000 u protease / kg diet as compared to BD. It is suggested that addition of proteases to low protein diets had a significant positive effect in young chicken fed on maize-soybean meal and -meat and bone meal based diets.
Coccidiosis in goats: Pathological observations on intestinal developmental stages and anticoccidial efficacy of amprolim
Authors: Kaur Sukhmeet , Singla L.D. , Sandhu B. S , Bal M. S. , Kaur P.
Published: February 2018

In an outbreak of coccidiosis at a goat farm having 200 animals of different age groups (0-3 months, 4-6 months and 7-9 months), kept under stall fed conditions, mortality of 2 kids aged 2-3 months in a span of 2-3 days was seen. The kids were having a history of severe diarrhoea, anorexia and general weakness. Standard qualitative and quantitative coprological examination of randomly collected faecal samples from 60 goats of different age groups revealed that 58 (96.66%) were infected with coccidian oocysts. Among positive samples, 25(43.10%) were heavily infected (OPG=5000-1,23,000), 22(37.93%) had a moderate (OPG=1000-5000) and 11(18.96%) had a mild (OPG=100-1000) infection. Significant difference (P less than 0.05) observed in the mean OPG between the 3 age categories with highest infection in kids with the age group of less than or equal to 3 months,followed by 4-6 months and 7-9 months. Mixed infection of five Eimeria species, namely E. arloingi, E. ninakohlyakimovae, E. christenseni, E. hirci and E. alijevi was seen and E. arloingi was most predominant species among them. Systematic necropsies of naturally died kids of coccidial infection revealed small whitish non-pedunculated nodules in the small intestine. Histopathologically, these nodules revealed papillary hyperplasia of the mucosal epithelium with mild to moderate inflammatory reaction with the presence of developmental stages of Eimeria including trophozoites, schizonts, microgamonts, macrogamonts and oocysts in the epithelium of affected intestinal villi and crypts. The affected animals were successfully treated with amprolium @ dose rate of 2g/40kg body weight. Significant reduction in the oocysts count (P less than 0.01) 7 days post treatment 610.52±201.17 was seen compared to pre treatment values (10685.96±3128.22).
Productive performance, body condition score and carcass characteristics of Deccani lambs reared under different farming systems
Authors: Kochewad S. A. , Raghunandan T. , Sarjan Rao K. , Kumari N. Nalini , Ramana D.B. V. , Kumar D. Anil , Ramana Yogeshwar , Kumar Sanjeev , Meena L. R. , Singh Magan
Published: February 2018

The present study was carried out to assess the effect of different farming systems on productive performance, body condition score and carcass characteristics of Deccani lambs. Thirty-six weaned lambs having 3 months of age were divided into three groups with twelve lambs in each group in under intensive (T1), semi-intensive (T2) and extensive (T3) farming systems. The comparative mean dry matter intake (kg/day) and (kg/100kg BW) was significantly (p less than 0.05) higher in T1 group when compared to other groups. T2 group had significantly (p less than 0.05) higher DM intake (kg/day) than T3 group. The mean values of Average daily gains in Deccani lambs were significantly (p less than 0.05) higher in T1 group compared to T2 and T3 groups. The feed efficiency was significantly (p less than 0.05) higher in T1 compared to T2, T3 groups. Statistically significant difference was found in BCS at six months of age (p less than 0.05) between T1 and T3 groups. BCS at 9, 12 months and overall BCS, there was a significant (p less than 0.05) difference between T1 and T3 groups. T1 group had higher pre-slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, meat %, fat% and meat: bone ratio thanT2 and T3. The dressing yields were comparable. The weights of other offals (heart, kidney, spleen, testicles, blood, head and lung and trachea) were comparable. The findings of this study indicated that the intensive and semi-intensive system of rearing could be useful for mutton production. In extensive system, which is predominant in India should change its facet by enriching the grazing land resources as well by the supplementation of required plane of nutrition during growth and special life stages viz., gestation, puberty, post lambing and finisher stages for achieving optimum productivity.
Molecular characterization of A1/A2 Beta-casein Alleles in Vrindavani crossbred and Sahiwal cattle
Authors: Kumar Sushil , Singh Ram Vir , Chauhan Anuj
Published: February 2018

In the present investigation Vrindavani cross bred and indigenous Sahiwal cows were genotyped for A1/ A2 b-casein alleles. Present genotypic study on A1/A2 Beta-casein variants was conducted in a population of 660 cattle which comprises of 354 Vrindavani and 306 Sahiwal cows. Out of them 354 Vrindavani cows were maintained at Cattle and Buffalo Farm, IVRI, Izatnagar and 306 Sahiwal cows under study were maintained at Kamdhenu Gaushala, Noormahal, Jalandhar. In Vrindavani cows, all three type of genotype were observed viz., A1A1, A1A2 and A2A2. Genotypic frequencies of A1A1, A1A2 and A2A2 genotypes were 0.11, 0.47 and 0.42 respectively. The frequency of A1 and A2 allelic frequency in this population was 0.35 and 0.65 respectively in Vrindavani cows. In Sahiwal cows, only two types of genotypes were observed viz., A1A2 and A2A2. Genotype frequencies for A1A2 and A2A2 genotypes were 0.13 and 0.87 in Sahiwal cattle. The allelic frequencies for A1 and A2 were 0.06 and 0.94 respectively in Sahiwal cows. The results revealed that maximum genotypic frequency observed was A1A2 (0.47) followed by A2A2 (0.42) and A1A1 (0.11) in Vrindavani cattle while in Sahiwal cattle maximum genotypic frequency of A2A2 (0.87) followed by A1A2 (0.13) respectively. The observed heterozygosity (0.47) and PIC value (0.35) pointed towards the existence of medium genetic variability in the tested population.
Studying the antioxidant role of mushroom against hazards of gamma radiation exposure in male rats
Authors: Hamza R. G. , Shahat A.N. El , Al-seeni M.N.
Published: February 2018

This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant role of dried mushroom (DM) against hazards of gamma-irradiation in male rats. In this study, exposure of rats to whole body g-radiation (6 Gy) resulted in hepatic oxidative stress (a significant increase in lipid peroxidation concomitant with a significant decrease in glutathione content and antioxidant enzyme activities); increase liver function enzymes and histopathological disorders. Treatment of irradiated rats with 10% DM significantly improved radiation-induced injury as indicated by the reduction of the indices of liver damage, lipid peroxidation product, the elevation of antioxidants and the attenuation of the tissues histological architecture. These results suggest that oyster mushroom can improve the antioxidant status and minimize the occurrence of oxidative stress- associated disorders.
Effect of dietary supplementation of different levels of saccharomyces cerevisiae on growth performance and hematology in broiler
Authors: Rafique Kanwal , Rahman Abdur , Mahmood Mubarik
Published: February 2018

Present study was planned to highlight the effects of inclusion of different levels of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae (SC) in broiler feed, on growth performance, hematology and farm economics. One hundred and fifty, one day old broiler chicks (Hubbard) were divided into five groups; each group was subdivided into three replicates of 10 birds each. Starter (CP 20% and ME 2860 Kcal/Kg) and finisher (CP 18.75% and ME 3000 Kcal/Kg) diets were fortified with levels of SC at 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g/Kg to prepare diets A, B, C, D and E respectively. Each dietary treatment was allotted to three replicates. Weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio improved significantly (p less than 0.05) as a result of feeding diet D containing 1.5 g/Kg SC in comparison to all other treatments. Dietary inclusion of SC significantly (P less tham 0.05) reduced the levels of blood glucose and cholesterol in the birds of all treated groups when compared to those of control group. Maximum reduction in glucose and cholesterol levels was observed in the birds of treatment group D using SC @ 1.5g/Kg diet as compared to those of other treatment groups. Values regarding hemoglobin, PCV and DLC of the birds remained unaffected by dietary inclusion of SC in all treatment groups. However, numerical values of Hb and PCV in the birds consuming diet supplemented with 1.5g/Kg SC were apparently higher than those of control group. The treatment group D using SC @ 1.5g/Kg proved to be cost effective and fetched more profit per kg live weight which positively affected the farm economics.
Effect of dietary amino acid regimens on growth performance and body conformation and immune responses in Aseel chicken
Authors: Hussain Munawar , Mahmud Athar , Hussain Jibran , Qaisrani Shafqat Nawaz , Ahmad Sohail , Rehman Aziz Ur
Published: February 2018

The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of different levels of Lysine (Lys) on early growth, body conformation and immune response of three varieties of Aseel chicken. Five hundred and forty day old chicks were used in this experiment. Experimental treatments were three verities i-e Mianwali (MW), Peshawari (PW), and Lakha (LK) and three level of Lys i-e L1 (1.35), L2 (1.30) and L3 (1.25%). Treatments were arranged in factorial arrangement under randomized complete block design (RCBD) with sex as block. Each experimental group was replicated 6 times with 10 birds in each. Results indicated that PW variety showed a greater feed intake (FI) throughout the experiment, however, body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were remained unchanged within varieties. Lower FI was observed in birds fed diets containing 1.35, 1.30% digestible Lys. Birds fed diets containing 1.35, 1.30% digestible Lys showed higher (BWG (P less than 0.05) and improved FCR (P less than 0.05). Mianwali variety with 1.35, 1.30% digestible Lys diets, showed (252.0±17.4 and 251.4±7.15; 2.37±0.17 and 2.35±0.06) an interaction for BWG and FCR. Birds fed amino acid dense diets depicted improved body conformation traits (length of body, drum stick, shank keel bone, circumference of drumstick and shank, wing spread and breast width), whereas immune responses (were not influenced by the dietary treatments. In conclusion, it was found that 1.30% digestible Lys level with ideal amino acid ratio was better for improving early BWG and FCR in Mianwali Aseel.
Effects of polyphenol rich bamboo leaf on rumen fermentation characteristics and methane gas production in an in vitro condition
Authors: Jafari S. , Goh Y.M. , Rajion M. A. , Ebrahimi M.
Published: February 2018

The aim of this study was to test the effect of bamboo leaf (BL) on rumen methane gas production and rumen fermentation characteristics, in vitro. Different amounts of BL; CON (0 %), Low BL (LBL, 10 %), Medium BL (MBL, 15%) and High BL (HBL, 25%) of replacement with alfalfa hay (AH) in substrate (50 % concentrate + 50 % AH) were mixed with 30 millilitre (mL) of buffered rumen liquor for 48 h of incubation. Total gas production (mL/250 mg DM) was not affected (P>0.05) among BL treatment groups at different times of incubation. Production of methane gas (mL/250mg DM) decreased at a declining rate (P less than 0.05) with higher BL levels. Methane gas inhibitory effects of BL treatment groups as compared with CON were; 29%, 35% and 62% for LBL, MBL and HBL, respectively. The ratio of acetic/propionic was lowest (P less than 0.05) for HBL (1.67) as compared to CON (2.09).
Effects of Salvia Miltiorrhiza extract on the regulation of antioxidant enzyme activities in liver and kidney of rats exposed to TCA
Authors: Alnahdi Hanan S. , Ramadan Kholoud S. , Farid Hoda E. A. , Ayaz Najla O.
Published: February 2018

The present study aimed to investigate the protective role of Salvia Miltiorrhiza against Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) induced liver and kidney toxicity in rats. Twenty eight adults Wister albino male rats were divided into 4 equal groups. Group 1 served as control, while group 2 received SM extracts at 200 mg/kg body weight; group 3 was treated with 50 mg/kg/day TCA by gavage daily. Group 4 received the extract at 200 mg/kg body weight and 50 mg/kg/day TCA for two months. A significant increase was observed in liver function, kidney function and MDA (malondialdehyde) levels among the TCA administered animals compared to normal control. Daily oral administration of SM normalized most biochemical changes observed among the TCA treated animals. Histopathologically, higher amount of mononuclear cells infiltration, necrotic cells and few fibroblasts were observed in liver and kidney of TCA treated group. The administration of Salvia Miltiorrhiza extract regulates and decreases liver and kidney damage.
Effects of certain long-chain fatty acid combinations on the ruminal microbe species relating to fermentation type in vitro
Authors: Jing Y. J. , Wang Y. F. , Gao J. , Ouyang J. L. , Cheng L.
Published: February 2018

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of certain long-chain fatty acid combinations on ruminal microbial community in vitro. Three cows fitted with permanent ruminal cannulas were used to provide rumen liquor for the in vitro trail. The treatments were fatty acid combinations of stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid, which respectively were group A (calcium palmitate, control), B (1.5%, 1.0%, 0.5% and 1.5%, acetic type fermentation), C (1.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 1.0%, propionic acid type fermentation), D (1.0%, 1.5%, 1.5% and 0.5%, butyric acid type fermentation). Three goats fitted with rumen cannula were used to provide the culture medium was collected for the measurement of the rumen microorganism in vitro culture. Culture medium was collected at 0, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h. The results demonstrated that, except for Ruminococcus albus, all the other bacterial genus had significant differences between groups (P less than 0.05). The Fibrobacter succinogenes and Ruminococcusflavefaciens, Clostridium proteoclasticum and Ruminobacter amylophilus were higher in group B; Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Megasphaera elsdenii and Ruminococcus bromii were higher in group C; while Pseudobutyrivibrio ruminis was higher in group D. Different higher species in different treatments described above related to their fermentation type. It was also observed that, bacteria were the dominant flora in rumen and Megasphaera elsdeniiwere the dominant species in bacterial fraction no matter what the treatment is. It was therefore concluded that, certain fatty acid combinations have remarkable effects on the amount of ruminal specific bacteria species,mainly related to their fermentation type.
Performance of broiler Japanese quail supplemented with single-strain and multi-strain bacteria
Authors: Azhar M. , Ahmed S. , Mehmood S. , Naveed S. , Ahmad S. , Usman M. , Zia M. W.
Published: February 2018

The growth performance of six-hundred (600) growing Japanese quails,distributed according to completely randomized design into 3 treatment groups(5 replicates/ treatment of 40 birds each) was recorded to evaluate the effect of feeding single and multi-strain bacteria. The experiment lasted for 4 weeks. Significant(P£0.05) results were observed regarding weight gain, folds of weight gain and FCR in the group fed multi-strain bacteria. Improved(P£0.05)total tract protein digestibility was detected in birds fed the diet containing multi-strain bacteria. Higher blood glucose level (P£0.05)was noticed in the group fed with single-strain bacteria.Blood cholesterol level inbirds fedsingle and multi-strain bacteria was found higher (P£0.05). Enhanced(P£0.05)carcass characteristics and dressing percentage were recorded in birds fed with single strain bacteria.Superior (P£0.05) weights of bursa and spleen wererecordedin the group fed with single-strain bacteria.
Imagen impresa y ciudad, Buenos Aires (1890-1910)
Authors: Bonelli Zapata Ana
Published: February 2018

Los últimos años del siglo XIX en Buenos Aires fueron testigos de importantes cambios en el campo de la gráfica, con la introducción de nuevas técnicas, circulación de objetos e imágenes impresas, así como en la percepción y experiencia de la ciudad misma. Las transformaciones del espacio, tanto público como privado, así como sus representaciones, dan cuenta de nuevas prácticas de sociabilidad, nuevos significados y la conformación de una nueva cultura visual en torno a la “metrópolis” y el “progreso”. El ferrocarril, como medio de transporte y tecnología, pero también como marca visible en el espacio, jugará también un rol en esos cambios, y su representación irá estrechamente vinculada con ellos. La imagen impresa, más allá de sus múltiples relaciones con el campo artístico, posee características propias en cuanto a sus modos de producción (más o menos artesanal, más o menos industriales), su materialidad (inserta en diversos soportes, múltiple, con mayor o menor vinculación a un discurso textual), así como las redes de circulación que implica. En este sentido, se propone pensar de cuáles modos particulares las imágenes impresas aparecidas en este contexto se relacionaron con la percepción y la experiencia del espacio, las nuevas tecnologías y el consumo urbano.
Kajian Evaluasi Sistem Drainase Jalan Srikoyo Kecamatan Patrang Kabupaten Jember (Evaluation of Drainage System in Jalan Srikoyo Kecamatan Patrang Kabupaten Jember)
Authors: Tamimi Rusyidina , Wahyuni Sri , Hidayah Entin
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe water logging or even flood always occurs on Srikoyo road in every rainy season. The condition emerges because of the imbalance between the number of rainwater catchment area and the rapid increase of residential areas. Besides, the drainage channels along the road of Srikoyo are not sufficient enough to hold rainwater well. The process of evaluation is done by applying the method of hydrological analysis to determine the maximum discharge modeling used for evaluating the capacity of the existing drainage channels. The output of the hydrology analysis calculation comes up in rainfall intensity which is required as the data input for SWMM modeling. SWMM modeling is used in this evaluation since it is a model of rainfall-runoff simulation which is used for simulating both quantity and quality of the surface runoff of urban areas. The result of the evaluation using the software SWMM suggests that there are several number of water logging during the return period of 1, 2, 5, and 10 years. There are 3 areas encounter flood in the return period of 1 year, 10 areas in the return period of 2 years, 18 areas in the return period of 5 years, and 19 areas in the return period of 10 years.Keywords: SWMM, Flooding, Drainage, Evaluation AbstrakPada musim penghujan Jalan Srikoyo selalu tergenangi air. Terjadinya genangan di Jalan Srikoyo diakibatkan oleh area resapan air hujan tidak seimbang dengan pesatnya wilayah pemukiman. Selain itu, saluran drainase di sepanjang ruas Jalan Srikoyo kurang memadai dan tidak dapat berfungsi dengan baik untuk menampung air hujan. Dengan adanya permasalahan ini dilakukan proses evaluasi, evaluasi ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode analisis hidrologi untuk menentukan debit pemodelan maksimal yang digunakan untuk mengevaluasi kapasitas saluran drainase yang ada. Dimana output perhitungan analisis hidrologi berupa intensitas hujan yang diperlukan sebagai data inputan untuk pemodelan SWMM. SWMM digunakan dalam evaluasi ini dikarenakan SWMM merupakan model simulasi hujan-aliran (rainfall-runoff) yang digunakan untuk mensimulasikan kuantitas maupun kualitas limpasan permukaan dari daerah perkotaan. Dari evaluasi menggunakan software SWMM, pada kala ulang 1 tahun didapatkan 3 node lokasi banjir, kala ulang 2 tahun didapatkan 10 node lokasi banjir, kala ulang 5 tahun didapatkan 18 node lokasi banjir dan kala ulang 10 tahun didapatkan 19 node lokasi banjir.Kata kunci: SWMM, Banjir, Drainase, Evaluasi
Analisis Dampak Lalu Lintas Pembangunan SPBU Tanjungwangi Banyuwangi (Traffic Impact Analysis of SPBU Tanjungwangi Banyuwangi)
Authors: Prastana Oki Indra , Sulistyono Sonya , Arifin Syamsul
Published: February 2018

AbstractTanjungwangi public refueling station is an infrastructure that is being built in Banyuwangi which is located around the port of Ketapang. Based on the Regulation of the Minister of Communications No. 75 Year 2015 on the Implementation of Traffic Impact Analysis stated that stations at least have one dispenser that must do Traffic impact analysis. Analysis conducted includes seizure analysis, performance analysis and analysis segment queue. Which Analysis conducted based on Manual Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia 1997. Survey conducted includes seizure, traffic volume survey inventory survey and survey roads long time service gas stations. The results were obtained seizure of 142 MC/hour, 39 LV/hour, 18 HV/hour on working days and 136 MC/hour, 50 LV/hour, 15 HV/hour on holidays. This doesn’t have any significant influence on performance analysis that are still in the LOS B criteria. Key words: traffic impact, degree of saturation, queuing theory, optimization AbstrakSPBU Tanjungwangi adalah suatu prasarana yang sedang di bangun di Kabupaten Banyuwangi yang letaknya sekitar pelabuhan Ketapang. Berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor 75 Tahun 2015 Tentang Penyelenggaraan Analisis Dampak Lalu Lintas menyatakan bahwa SPBU yang memiliki minimal 1 dispenser wajib dilakukan Andalalin. Analisis yang dilakukan meliputi analisa bangkitan, analisa kinerja ruas dan analisa antrian. Dimana analisa kinerja ruas jalan yang dilakukan berdasarkan Manual Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia 1997. Survey dilakukan adalah survey bangkitan, survey volume lalu lintas survey inventarisasi ruas jalan dan survey lama waktu pelayanan SPBU. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bangkitan sebesar 142 MC/jam, 39 LV/jam, 18 HV/jam hari kerja dan 136 MC/jam, 50 LV/jam, 15 HV/jam hari libur. Hal ini tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja ruas yang masih dalam kriteria LOS B. Kata kunci: andalalin, derajat kejenuhan, teori antrian, optimalisasi
Perencanaan Jaringan Trayek Ranting Angkutan Umum Perkotaan Jember (Feeder Route Planning of Public Transportation in Jember)
Authors: Wulan Dewi Sri Asmoro , Sulistyono Sonya , Nurtanto Dwi
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe Reduce performance of urban public transport in Jember can not separated from several factors, among other are less convenient conditions in terms of service, overlapping route, no improvement for route network made by local authority, and cheap moator loans which cause many poeple use motor vehicles. The Worst effect if this thing continous increase population of motor vehicles. At the same time nowdays, new land-use patterns have grown in urban areas which potentially have large demand but still unserved by public transport. Seeing these problems, public branch route network planning is needed as well as the requirment of public transportation fleets in accordance with the legislation. From the planning conducted, it was found 8 plan branch routes and the fleet needs.From such palnning it was expected that it can reduce the overlapping route and accomodate all urban areas in order to served by public transport. Keyword: branch route network planning, legislation AbstrakMenurunnya kinerja angkutan umum perkotaan jember tidak lepas dari beberapa faktor antara lain kondisi kurang nyaman dalam segi pelayanan, overlapping trayek, belum dilakukan perbaikan jaringan trayek oleh pihak berwenang, dan kredit motor yang murah sehingga masyarakat banyak yang menggunakan kendaraan bermotor. Dampak terburuk bila hal ini terus berlanjut, populasi kendaraan bermotor akan meningkat tiap tahunnya. Kemacetan lalu lintas, pemborosan BBM serta polusi udara juga akan meningkat. Disaat yang sama saat ini mulai tumbuh pola tata guna lahan baru di wilayah perkotaan yang berpotensi demand besar namun belum terlayani angktan umum. Melihat masalah tersebut perlu dilakukan sebuah perencanaan jaringan trayek angkutan umum ranting dan kebutuhan armadanya yang sesuai dengan konsep perundang-undangan. Dari perencanaan yang dilakukan didapatkan 8 rute rencana serta kebutuhan armadanya. Diharapakan dari perencanaan tersebut dapat mengurangi overlapping dan mengakomodasi seluruh wilayah perkotaan agar terlayani oleh angkutan umum.Kata kunci: Perencanaan jarigan trayek ranting, Konsep peraturan perundang-undangan
ANALISIS BANGKITAN PERGERAKAN BERDASARKAN KARAKTERISTIK RUMAH TANGGA PADA PERUMAHAN METRO REGENCY JUANDA
Authors: Dewi Amrita Winaya Shita
Published: February 2018

Perumahan Metro Regency Juanda merupakan salah satu kawasan permukiman di daerah Sedati, Kabupaten Sidoarjo dengan tingkat hunian yang relatif tinggi. Hal ini menyebabkan peningkatan pergerakan lalu lintas yang berasal dari kawasan tersebut. Analisis regresi linier berganda digunakan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap jumlah perjalanan yang dibangkitkan oleh perumahan dan besarnya pengaruh faktor-faktor tersebut. Berdasarkan jumlah keseluruhan rumah tangga di perumahan Metro Regency diambil sampel sebanyak 11 rumah tangga. Variabel-variabel bebasnya terdiri dari jumlah anggota keluarga (X1), pendapatan rata-rata keluarga (X2), kepemilikan kendaraan (X3), jumlah anggota keluarga yang bekerja (X4), dan jumlah anggota keluarga yang bersekolah (X5). Dari pemodelan yang dilakukan diketahui bahwa terdapat korelasi kuat yaitu antara variabel jumlah perjalanan dengan variabel jumlah anggota keluarga yang bekerja dan variabel jumlah anggota keluarga yang bersekolah.