bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health Risks Associated with the Consumption of Legumes Contaminated with Pesticides and Heavy Metals
Authors: Ganiyat Akande Motunrayo
Published: September 2021

Legumes have high nutritional value and they are important sources of protein, carbohydrates, fats and dietary fiber. The contamination of legumes with pesticides and heavy metals has been reported in scientific literature. Human beings are mainly exposed to the residues of pesticides and heavy metals through the dietary route. The purpose of this review chapter is to highlight the acute and chronic health risks that human beings may be exposed to as a result of the ingestion of legumes polluted with pesticides and heavy metals. Additionally, the mechanisms through which pesticides and heavy metals engender different undesirable health outcomes in human beings were stated. Scientific literature were perused and the information contained in them were collated to derive this chapter. Pesticides cause short-term health effects including hypersensitivity and mortality, while heavy metals induce acute effects like seizures and death. Some chronic untoward effects of pesticides are congenital disabilities and neurological damage. Heavy metals elicit disorders like anemia, hypertension and cancer. It is envisaged that the findings documented in this review will create awareness of the health risks posed by the contamination of legumes with the residues of pesticides and heavy metals so that food safety measures can be enforced globally.
Impulse Response Modeling of the Box Shaped Acoustic Guitar
Authors: Pradeep Atre Minakshi , Apte Shaila
Published: September 2021

Music is the pulse of human lives and is an amazing tool to relieve and re-live. And when it comes to the signal processing, impulse is the pulse of the researchers. The work presented here is focused on impulse response modeling of noted produced by box shaped acoustic guitar. The impulse response is very fundamental behavior of any system. The music note is the convolution of the impulse response and the excitation signal of that guitar. The frequency of the generated music note follows the octave rule. The octave rule can be checked for impulse responses as well. If the excitation signal and impulse response are separated, then an impulse response of a single fret can be used to generate the impulse responses of other frets. Here the music notes are analyzed and synthesized on the basis of the plucking style and plucking expression of the guitar-player. If the impulse response of the musical instrument is known, the output music note can be synthesized in an unusual manner. Researchers have been able to estimate the impulse response by breaking the string of the guitar. Estimating the impulse response from the recorded music notes is possible using the methodology of cepstral domain window. By means of the Adaptive Cepstral Domain Window (ACDW) the author estimated the impulse response of guitar notes. The work has been further extended towards the classification of synthesized notes for plucking style and plucking expression using Neural Network and Machine Learning algorithms.
Biological Understanding of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Based on Epigenetics, a New Genetic Concept in Education
Authors: Kubota Takeo
Published: September 2021

Neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactive disorder, and learning disabilities, are heterogeneous conditions that are thought to have a multifactorial etiology including congenital genetic abnormalities and acquired environmental factors. Epigenetics is a biological mechanism that controls gene expression based on chemical modifications of DNA and chromosomal histone proteins. Environmental factors, such as severe mental stress, have been demonstrated to alter gene expression by changing epigenetic chemical modifications in the brain. Therefore, epigenetics is not only involved in congenital autism spectrum disorder-like conditions (e.g., Prader-Willi syndrome and Rett syndrome) but may also be involved in acquired attention deficit hyperactive disorder-like conditions (e.g., via child abuse and neglect). In this chapter, we introduce the basis of the epigenetic mechanism and the recent biological understanding of neurodevelopmental disorders based on epigenetics, which is a new genetic concept not only in medicine but also in education, which bridges internal brain mechanisms and external environmental factors.
How Impact the Design of Aluminum Swaging Circle Fitting on the Sealing for Piping Systems: Analytical and Numerical Model
Authors: Atak Ahmet
Published: September 2021

Installation and repair of hydraulic installations are carried out by joining the pipes in the field. Pipe connections in aviation are made in a very narrow space and field. For this reason, fitting swaging method is used to connect the fittings to the pipes with a hydraulic hand tool. The basis for developing a swaging tool is knowledge of the design parameters for the plastic deformation of the swaging circle fitting. In addition to the design parameter, pipes have to be joined in cryogenic vacuum conditions, which require sealing in such sensitive and harsh conditions. In this study, the effect of swaged circle fitting designs on tightness and strength was determined and different swaging methods were examined for its improvement. Different geometric swaged circle fittings are designed and analytical and numerical models are solved. The solution results obtained show the characteristic effect of the fitting swaging analysis methodology and the swaged circle fitting design on the sealing of the pipe joint. The innovation is mainly the effect of the swaging circle connection design on the sealing of the pipe joint. With the finding in this work, it is now possible to develop or develop new tools for engineered swaging circle fitting.
Revistas Filosóficas em Portugal
Authors: Calafate Pedro ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

Il s'agit d'une recension critique des revues philosophiques publiées au Portugal depuis le XVIIIème siècle jusqu'au présent. L'intention principale est celle de mettre à la disposition des étudiants et chercheurs un nombre significatif d'éléments bibliographiques d'indubitable importance, puisqu'on donne non seulement l'indication du titre, mais aussi les principaux colaborateurs, sans oublier les tendances plus marquantes des différentes revues.
O Binómio Vontade-ser em de Libero Arbitrio de Santo Agostinho
Authors: Oliveira e Silva Paula ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

Veritas in qua cernitur et tenetur summum bonum. Durch Augustinus Auffassung von Weisheit läßt sich die Natur der menschlichen mens erklären. Der Unterschied zwischen Weisheit - höchster Begriff und Ursprung aller Verständlichkeit - und der mens bekundet ihre beunruhige nde Beschaffenheit: der Mensch ist ein endliches Wesen, das notwendigerwe ise und wesentlich zum Besitz des unveränderlichen und unendlichen Guten neigt: Gott. Der höchste Ausdruck des Seins ist zweckmäßig er Gegenstand des Wollens. Die ser Plan wird jedoch durch den freien Willen des Wollens durchge führt, der das Sein gebraucht und es in Richtung jener vox aetemitatis - Leiterin des menschlichen Herzen - lenkt oder auch nicht. Wenn der freie Wille das Gute, das er als das höchste betrachtet, ausführt, verwirklicht sich der Mensch als ein freies Wesen und die Seligkeit herrscht in ihm - der Besitz d er Wahrheit ist nicht von der Freude zu trennen. Wenn man aber der Richtung des Seins widerstrebt, wird dadurch das innerliche Irregehen des menschlichen Herzen erzeugt und die Offenbarung der Ewigkeit in der Zeit zurückgehalten. Je der Mensch ist deshalb für seine Selbstbildung und für die größere oder geringere Offenbarung des Seins in der Welt und im Zeitlauf verantwortlich.
A Crítica se Maurice Blondel ao Conceito Bergsoniano de Intuição
Authors: Patrão-Neves M. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

Henri Bergson and Maurice Blondel, contemporary philosophers who share a common influence of the "spiritualist positivism", show effective conditions for an eventual approximation. Nevertheless, the relative philosophic atitude of each of them is fundamentally marked by divergencies which come to light in the particular case of the concept of "intuition". With a common general definition, "intuition" gains precise specificities in each author due to its appearance in different phases of the course of both philosophies, aroused by different motivations and bearing distinct function and consequence.
Building technology enabled platform companies in Biopharma – a perspective on early-stage value creation from Millennium, Alnylam, Moderna, & Kymera
Authors: Rong Yuanxin
Published: September 2021

This paper addresses the topic of building platform-based companies in biopharma.  We provide a short literature review on the topic, followed by a discussion of financing growth of platform companies.  This is followed by case studies on four pioneering biopharma companies that cover the era of the mid-1990s until today.  These companies are all well recognized pioneers and have gone thru their life cycles from founding, to building portfolios of products, to acquisition. Our mini-case studies include Millennium Pharmaceuticals (now a unit of Takeda), Alnylam, Moderna, and Kymera.) These also cover different technology bases for their respective platforms that have emerged during the last two decades since the emergence of the genomics revolution.
2015 North American ECA: Lessons Learned in CA
Authors: Cowan Jeff
Published: September 2021

California experienced a 300% increase in loss of propulsion (LOP) incidents since its distillate fuel regulation came into effect in 2009. The compression ignition (Diesel) engines aboard modern cargo ships over 10,000 gross tons use 3.0% sulfur Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO). This fuel must be heated to flow through the fuel lines because at normal ambient temperature HFO has the consistency of tar. Distillate fuel in contrast does not require the high temperatures, and the thermodynamics of cooling metal, gaskets and seals resulted in leaks, along with filter clogging from engine buildup scrubbing. In addition, the cost savings of using HFO are significant over the use of distillate fuel which is typically around US$300 more per ton.
Reduction of Cavitation Erosion by Laser Peening
Authors: Hackel Lloyd , Marley Serena , Rubenchik Alexander
Published: September 2021

Cavitation erosion is a significant problem in naval and maritime systems impacting propellers, rudders, ship hulls, pump impellers and thrusters. The phenomenon occurs, for example in propellers, as liquid flows through regions of low pressure and bubbles form due to the concentration of dissolved gases and the reduced pressure. As this liquid re-enters areas of higher pressure the bubbles collapse non-symmetrically due to contact on the surface thereby generating fast moving jets of liquid impinging on the component and eventually generating fatigue-spall of the surface; this spall accumulates as material erosion. We discuss the theory coupling erosion and tensile stress and provide experimental results showing how cavitation erosion is significantly reduced by generating compressive stress bias in the material by means of laser peening.
Provocative insinuations
Authors: Domínguez Armas Álvaro , Soria Ruiz Andrés
Published: September 2021

En este artículo analizamos oracio-nes que, sin constituir explícitamente discurso de odio, no obstante transmiten un mensaje de odio. Por ejemplo, en el titular “Refugiado iraquí es condenado en Alemania por violar y asesinar una chica adolescente”, la presencia de “refugiado iraquí” no parece arbitraria. Al contrario, invita una inferencia racista en contra de los refugiados iraquíes. Argumentamos que estas inferencias no pueden ser descritas como slurs, términos neutros utilizados como insultos, dogwhistles o implica-turas conversacionales. En cambio, proponemos caracterizar estas inferencias como insinuacio-nes, concretamente insinuaciones provocativas, debido a que ninguna respuesta parece efectiva a la hora de bloquearlas.

In this paper we analyse utterances that, without explicitly constituting hate speech, nevertheless convey a hateful message. For example, in the headline ‘Iraqi Refugee is convicted in Germany of raping and murdering teenage girl’, the presence of ‘Iraqi refugee’ does not seem arbitrary. To the contrary, it is responsible for inviting a racist inference against Iraqi refugees. We defend that these inferences cannot be described as slurs, ethnic or social terms used as insults, dogwhistles or conversational implicatures. Rather, we propose that these inferences are insinuations, specifically provocative insinuations, as no conversational response seems effective at blocking them.
I am large, I contain multitudes
Authors: Frápolli Sanz María José , Navarro Laespada Llanos
Published: September 2021

En este trabajo exploramos las com-patibilidades e incompatibilidades entre dos enfoques del conocimiento distintos y de gran éxito. El primero es el análisis del conocimiento que ofrece el pragmatismo epistémico de Bran-dom [PE]. El segundo es el punto de vista que se deriva de la obra seminal de Fricker sobre la ética del conocimiento [EC]. [PE] y [EC] plantean con-cepciones complementarias de la aplicación del concepto de conocimiento que merecen preser-varse. Sin embargo, su mera superposición acu-mulativa produce disfunciones que exigen ciertos reajustes. Proponemos un tipo de interseccionalismo positivo, [IP], que da cuenta del hecho de que los individuos pertenecen simultáneamente a diversos grupos con condiciones epistémicas variables, algunas ventajosas y otras desventajo-sas. [EP], [EK] y [PI] conforman un cuadro rico y coherente sobre los sujetos como agentes epis-témicos plenos.

We explore the compatibilities and incompatibilities between two highly successful approaches to knowledge: Brandom’s epistemic pragmatism, [EP], and the view that derives from Fricker’s seminal work on the ethics of knowing [EK] . [EP] and [EK] are complementary approaches that put forward aspects of the application of the concept that deserve to be preserved. Nevertheless, their mere cumulative superposition produces dysfunctions that call for certain readjustments. We propose a positive kind of intersectionalism, [PI], that accounts for the fact that individuals simultaneously belong to diverse groups with variable epistemic conditions, some advantageous, some disadvantageous. [EP], [EK] and [PI] make a rich and coherent picture of subjects as full epistemic agents.
Summary report for the virtual workshop addressing public comment on NIST cybersecurity for IoT guidance
Authors: Megas Katerina N , Fagan Michael , Lemire David
Published: September 2021

This report summarizes the feedback received on the work of the NIST Cybersecurity for IoT program on device cybersecurity at a virtual workshop conducted April 22, 2021. NIST conducted the Workshop Addressing Public Comment on NIST Cybersecurity for IoT Guidance to discuss and gather community input on the December 2020 public drafts of NISTIR 8259D, Profile Using the IoT Core Baseline and Non-Technical Baseline for the Federal Government, and SP 800-213, IoT Device Cybersecurity Guidance for the Federal Government: Establishing IoT Device Cybersecurity Requirements. This publication provides a summary of the workshop.
L’évolution de la responsabilité civile des sociétés en droit français
Authors: Zolomian Matthieu
Published: September 2021

De récentes réformes concernant le droit de la responsabilité civile emportent des conséquences importantes quant à la responsabilité civile pesant sur les sociétés en général, et les sociétés anonymes en particulier. De nombreuses lois ont été adoptées depuis 2016, créant ou renforçant des régimes de responsabilité qui s’appliquent aux sociétés, telles la Loi pour la reconquête de la biodiversité, de la nature et des paysages introduisant le préjudice écologique, l’ordonnance relative à l’action en dommages et intérêts du fait de la commission d’une pratique anticoncurrentielle ou encore la Loi relative au devoir de vigilance des sociétés mères et des entreprises donneuses d’ordre. La combinaison de ces lois permet de constater deux directions vers lesquelles la responsabilité civile des sociétés tend à s’orienter.

La première direction est une plus grande moralisation des comportements des sociétés commerciales. En vertu de ces nouveaux textes, les personnes morales doivent suivre dans leur action une certaine norme comportementale, sauf à être sanctionnées au titre de la responsabilité délictuelle. La responsabilité sociétale des entreprises devient alors de moins en moins morale, et de plus en plus juridique.

La seconde direction que le droit des sociétés veut emprunter est plus étonnante en ce qu’elle peut modifier un principe général du droit des sociétés. Plusieurs lois semblent introduire une responsabilité de la société mère du fait de sa filiale, qui paraît de prime abord être contraire au principe d’autonomie de chaque société au sein d’un groupe. La loi créant un devoir de vigilance permet ainsi de sanctionner la société mère en cas d’atteintes aux droits de la personne ou à l’environnement commises par sa filiale. Pour ce faire, il est toutefois nécessaire que la société mère ait manqué à son obligation de rédiger ou de mettre en oeuvre un plan de vigilance. Dans ce cas, le dommage réparé sera celui qui a été causé par la filiale, mais la faute ouvrant le cas à la responsabilité sera bien celle de la société mère. Cependant, une nouvelle règle, mêlant droit de la concurrence et droit de la responsabilité civile, peut aboutir à ce que la société mère soit responsable avec sa filiale sans même devoir prouver une quelconque faute de sa part. En présumant fautives toutes les personnes qui composent l’entreprise condamnée pour une atteinte anticoncurrentielle, le Code de commerce permet de prononcer un jugement contre une société mère si une de ses filiales a commis une faute anticoncurrentielle. L’importation d’une notion de droit de la concurrence — l’entreprise — en droit de la responsabilité civile entraîne alors une profonde mutation de la responsabilité civile au sein du groupe de sociétés.
PRINCIPLES OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE VERTICAL GREENERY SYSTEM (VGS) IN ARCHITECTURE
Authors: Čekić Sandra , Trkulja Tanja , Došenović Ljiljana
Published: September 2021

The environmental problems of cities have caused an increase in energy consumption in buildings, which can be slowed by improving the buildings’ energy efficiency. Energy consumption in buildings is affected by the building envelope, and integration of the greenery with the building envelope will contribute in saving energy and increasing the buildings’ energy efficiency. Therefore, the vertical greenery system (VGS) has received a lot of attention in recent decades as a model whose implementation can increase the energy efficiency of buildings. Defining the basic VGS system implementation will allow engineers to systematically approach the process of VGS system implementation and help them choose the best VGS system model for a selected site or building.
PRIRODNE POPULACIJE PANČIĆEVE OMORIKE U REPUBLICI SRPSKOJ (BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA)
Authors: Mataruga Milan , Milanović Đorđije
Published: September 2021

Rasprostranjenost, brojnost i trendovi su među ključnim podacima potrebnim za definisanje stanja neke ugrožene vrste. Poslije 70 godina od saopštenja Pavla Fukareka (1951), u ovom radu se daje detaljan pregled trenutnog stanja omorike na području Republike Srpske (Bosne i Hercegovine). U periodu 2017–2020. godine autori su obišli sve lokalitete koji su u literaturi navedeni od vremena prvog opisa ove vrste do danas, konstatovali trenutno stanje, predstavili opis staništa, odredili starost i dimenzije, te procijenili brojnost stabala. Istraživanja su vršena na ukupno 40 lokaliteta, gdje je konstatovano da se omorika javlja (u većim ili manjim grupama stabala) na 26 lokaliteta, pojedinačna stabla na 3 lokaliteta, dok na 11 lokaliteta nije pronađeno nijedno stablo omorike. Na kraju je urađena klasifikacija svih lokaliteta u zavisnosti od brojnosti stabala i fiziološkog stanja sa ciljem definisanja prioriteta u daljim aktivnostima na očuvanju ove vrste.
ANALIZA POVREDA PRI RADU U ŠUMARSTVU FEDERACIJE BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE – STUDIJ SLUČAJA JP “UNSKO-SANSKE ŠUME”
Authors: Halilović Velid , Musić Jusuf , Knežević Jelena , Marčeta Dane , Drek Mevludin
Published: September 2021

S obzirom na to da je šumarstvo djelatnost u kojoj su radnici izloženi relativno velikom stepenu opasnosti od nastanka povreda i profesionalnih oboljenja, ova pojava zahtijeva poseban pristup u segmentu zaštite na radu. Učestalost pojavljivanja povreda i profesionalnih oboljenja u šumarstvu dobar su pokazatelj nivoa sigurnosti radnika pri radu. Iz tog razloga se kroz analizu povreda na radu u JP ŠPD „Unskosanske šume” d.o.o. Bosanska Krupa nastojalo steći uvid u stanje sigurnosti na radu. Analiziran je period od 10 godina (2010–2019) i u tom periodu je evidentirano 213 povreda za cijelo preduzeće. Analiza povreda je obavljena po godinama i mjesecima, prema mjestu nastanka, prema radnom mjestu, prema materijalnom izvoru povrede, prema starosnoj dobi radnika, prema povrijeđenom dijelu tijela, itd. Na osnovu broja povreda po zapremini izrađenoga drveta (43/mil.m3), stanje sigurnosti pri radu može se ocijeniti kao zadovoljavajuće. Najzastupljenije su povrede ekstremiteta (64%), zatim, povrede su češće početkom radne sedmice (26,3%). Najčešći uzrok povrede bio je izazvan padom (62%). Analiza broja povreda po godinama u analiziranom periodu pokazuje da se ističu 2018, a naročito 2019. godina, što se može povezati sa trendom povećanja obima poslova u vlastitoj režiji. Takođe, analiza je pokazala da se najviše povreda desi u ljetnim mjesecima. Prema analizi koja se odnosi na invalide rada, ustanovljeno je da većina registrovanih invalida rada u preduzeću spada u invalide druge kategorije. Invalidi rada čine čak 10,36% ukupne radne snage. Za skoro 80% invalida rada kao glavni uzrok invalidnosti navedena je bolest, tj. razne zdravstvene tegobe koje su smanjile njihovu radnu sposobnost. Samo dvojica radnika su invalidi zbog profesionalnog oboljenja, što je veoma ohrabrujući podatak. Bez obzira na značajan tehnološki napredak i razvoj, posao u šumarstvu se još uvijek smatra jednim od najopasnijih zanimanja na svijetu.
OMINÍBÚ: maternidade negra em um defeito de cor
Authors: Silva Fabiana Carneiro da
Published: September 2021

É a partir do romance Um defeito de cor, de Ana Maria Gonçalves, que Fabiana Carneiro da Silva revisita os significados da maternidade negra no Brasil. “Das profundezas das águas”, como sugere o título Ominíbú, termo do iorubá, são revolvidas as histórias acerca das travessias feitas por uma mulher corajosa que enfrenta os embates de uma ordem que intenta explorar até a exaustão os corpos marcados pela ideologia escravagista. No romance, o tema da maternidade emerge em um cenário construído por uma mãe que, ao final de sua vida, narra as tentativas de localizar o filho, vendido como escravo pelo próprio pai. Tecendo uma análise estética apurada, Fabiana da Silva evidencia as correspondências entre a conformação do relato-carta da protagonista e o contemporâneo. Desde a teoria literária, esse livro busca um diálogo sensível à experiência das comunidades negras, sobretudo das mulheres a elas pertencentes, a fim de promover uma reflexão comprometida com a construção de um espaço plural questionador do fundamento racista da construção nacional brasileira.
Photocatalytic properties of gold nanoarrays driven by surface plasmon
Authors: Zhang Li-Sheng ,   The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
Published: September 2021

The surface plasmons produced by the collective oscillation of conduction electrons in metal nanostructures can redistribute not only the electromagnetic field spatiotemporally, but also the excited carriers. Various effects caused by surface plasmons, including enhanced electromagnetic fields, local heating, excited electrons and excited holes, can drive chemical reactions. In this work, the regularly-arranged Au nanoarray catalytic substrate is prepared based on an anodic aluminum oxide template. When the excitation light of a specific wavelength irradiates on the substrate, a large number of regularly-arranged local surface plasmon enhancement regions will be generated on its surface. By taking advantage of surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, the 4,4′-dimercaptoazobenzene is synthesized by the photocatalytic reaction of p-aminothiophenol as a probe driven by local surface plasmon. After that, the sodium borohydride is introduced in situ. Under the same experimental conditions, the product 4,4′-dimercaptoazobenzene is driven by plasma to produce p-aminothiophenol again. This research work will achieve the drawing and erasing of molecular graphics on a micro scale and a nano scale, as well as information encryption, reading and erasing, which has a strong application value.
First-principles study of formation and performance of diamond (111)/Al interface
Authors: Sun Shi-Yang , Chi Zhong-Bo , Xu Ping-Ping , An Ze-Yu , Zhang Jun-Hao , Tan Xin , Ren Yuan ,   School of Mechanical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China
Published: September 2021

The simple and convenient metallic mask method is a significant method of preparing diamond nanostructures. The metallic mask method has poor repeatability and can not give the ideal results, because it is supported by no theory about formation of surface mental nanoparticles and its technological parameters are optimized by no experimental techniques that are expensive either. Aiming at the formation and performance of the diamond/Al interface, this paper adopts the first-principles to study the adsorption and migration behavior of Al atoms on the H-terminated diamond surface and the structure of the diamond/Al interface. The results show that the highest adsorption energy is at the T4 position, which is only 0.181 eV, through comparing the adsorption energies of Al atoms at the highly symmetrical positions (Top, Br, H3 and T4) on the surface of the H-terminated diamond (111). The adsorption energies at these different positions are similar and the maximum difference is only 0.019 eV. There is formed no chemical bond, although Al has partial charge transfer on the H-terminated surface through the analysis of differential charge density and worse layout distribution. This phenomenon can be considered as electrostatic adsorption. That is to say, the adsorption of Al atoms are physical adsorption. The smooth potential energy surface also makes it easier for Al atoms to migrate on the diamond surface. The calculation results reveal that the migration activation energies of the two possible migration paths (from T4 position to Br position and from T4 to Top position) are 0.011 eV and 0.026 eV respectively. The above results imply that the metal Al and diamond are mainly connected by weak force, so the adhesion work of the three diamond/Al interface structures is compared based on the geometric stacking structure. The results show that the adhesion work of the three interfaces is around 0. These results indicate that the stability of the diamond/Al interface is not high and the stable structure of the interface is easily destroyed when the external environment changes. This speculation can be confirmed in molecular dynamics. When the simulated temperature is 300 ℃, the liquefied metal Al obviously accumulates into spheres. According to the above research results, we deduce that the metallic mask method does not require high requirements for the relationship between the metal and the substrate material, which depends mainly on the surface topography of the base material. This research provides an important theoretical reference for understanding the formation mechanism of metal nanomasks.
War Tourism
Authors: Gordon Bertram M.
Published: September 2021

Second World War tourism in France includes two main components: tourism by the Germans and French during the war and memory tourism to war sites thereafter. Contrary to what is often assumed, tourism in France did not stop with the war. Thousands of German military personnel were given tours in occupied France and French civilians continued to take vacations as well. Many turned out with tourist gazes to watch General de Gaulle march down the Champs-Élysées at the time of the Liberation and sites frequently acquired new significance as in Normandy where Arromanches changed from a spa village to a war tourist destination. Based on French and German archival materials, memoirs, films, the press, and personal interviews, this book addresses the conflicts and competition between the 19th and early 20th century French tourism narratives and the German-dominated tourism version of the Second World War that replaced it, followed by the Gaullist/Resistance accounts after 1944. Although the Germans hardly treated the French kindly during the war, France was not relegated to the position of occupied Poland. Paris was spared the fate of Warsaw during the war. Postwar memory tourists brought home memories of Normandy and other sites that informed their own understandings of war. Narratives changed but war tourism remains a significant contributor to the French economy.
Hamka and Islam
Authors: Aljunied Khairudin
Published: September 2021

This book analyzes the ideas of a prominent twentieth century reformer, Haji Abdullah Malik Abdul Karim Amrullah, more commonly known as Hamka. It employs the term “cosmopolitan reform” to describe Hamka’s attempts at harmonizing the many streams of Islamic and Western thought and his diagnoses as well as solutions to the various challenges facing Muslims in the Malay world. Among the major themes explored in this book are questions concerning reason and revelation, moderation and extremism, social justice, the state of women in society, Sufism in the modern age as well as the importance of history in reforming the minds of modern Muslims. This book shows that Hamka demonstrated intellectual openness and inclusiveness towards a whole range of thoughts and philosophies to develop his own imaginary and vocabulary of reform. This attests to his cosmopolitan outlook and his unique ability to function as a conduit for varying Islamic and secular groups that were opposing one another in his lifetime.
Understanding Others
Authors: LaCapra Dominick
Published: September 2021

To what extent do we and can we understand others – other peoples, species, times, and places? What is the role of others within ourselves, epitomized in the notion of unconscious forces? Can we come to terms with our internalized others in ways that foster mutual understanding and counteract the tendency to scapegoat, project, victimize, and indulge in prejudicial and narcissistic impulses? How do various fields or disciplines address or avoid such questions? And, in the light of recent developments, have these questions become particularly pressing and not in the least confined to other peoples, times, and places? Making selective and critical use of the thought of such important figures as Sigmund Freud, Jacques Derrida, and Mikhail Bakhtin, the book investigates a series of crucial topics from the current state of deconstruction, trauma studies, and the humanities to newer fields such as animal studies and posthumanist scholarship. A feature of the book is the effort to bring critical historical thought into a provocative engagement with politics and our current political climate.
Rising Titans, Falling Giants
Authors: Shifrinson Joshua R. Itzkowitz
Published: September 2021

When a great power declines, what strategies do rising states adopt? Rising great powers are often expected to prey upon and challenge declining states as power shifts in their favor. In practice, however, rising state strategies vary. Some rising states, at some times, indeed prey upon decliners. Nevertheless, rising states states can also support declining states, as well as prey upon or support decliners with greater or lesser intensity. This book develops an argument rooted in realist international relations theory to explain the predatory or supportive nature of rising state strategy. It argues that rising states pursue predatory or supportive strategies depending on (1) a declining state’s ability to assist a rising state against other great power challengers, and (2) the threat a declining state poses to a rising state in the process. Drawing on extensive primary source research into great power reactions to the declines of Great Britain and the Soviet Union, alongside an examination of rise and decline dynamics in pre-World War I Europe, the project shows that the argument explains rising state strategy across a wide swath of diplomatic history. The results carry implications for theory, history, and policy debates.
Phantasmatic Shakespeare
Authors: Roychoudhury Suparna
Published: September 2021

The book argues that Shakespeare’s representations of imagination—the many hallucinations, illusions, and dreams in his works—draw their complexity from the interdiscursive confrontations between early modern faculty psychology and the history of science. During the Renaissance, imagination (also called the fantasy or fancy) was understood as a faculty of the soul, that which creates the phantasms or images needed by the mind to perceive, reason, and recall. The book explores how this psychology of imagination, developed by ancient and medieval philosophers, was disrupted in the sixteenth century by developments in proto-scientific fields such as anatomy, medicine, mathematics, and natural history. Guided by Shakespeare’s plays and poems, different chapters consider different aspects of imagination destabilized during this time—its place in the brain; its legitimacy as a form of knowledge; its pathologies; its relation to matter, light, and nature. In giving aesthetic expression to the epistemological problems surrounding the idea of imagination, Shakespeare made this element of cognitive theory the property of literary art.
Greek Warfare beyond the Polis
Authors: Blome David A.
Published: September 2021

This book assesses the nature and broader significance of warfare in the mountains of classical Greece. Based on detailed reconstructions of four unconventional military encounters, the book argues that the upland Greeks of the classical mainland developed defensive strategies to guard against external aggression. These strategies enabled wide-scale, sophisticated actions in response to invasions, but they did not require the direction of a central, federal government. The book brings these strategies to the forefront by driving ancient Greek military history and ancient Greek scholarship “beyond the polis” into dialogue with each other. As it contends, beyond-the-polis scholarship has done much to expand and refine our understanding of the ancient Greek world, but it has overemphasized the importance of political institutions in emergent federal states and has yet to treat warfare involving upland Greeks systematically or in depth. In contrast, the book scrutinizes the sociopolitical roots of warfare from beyond the polis, which are often neglected in military histories of the Greek city-state. By focusing on the significance of warfare vis-à-vis the sociopolitical development of upland polities, the book shows that although the more powerful states of the classical Greek world were dismissive or ignorant of the military capabilities of upland Greeks, the reverse was not the case. The Phocians, Aetolians, Acarnanians, and Arcadians in circa 490–362 BCE were well aware of the arrogant attitudes of their aggressive neighbors, and as highly efficient political entities, they exploited these attitudes to great effect.
Black Gold and Blackmail
Authors: Kelanic Rosemary A.
Published: September 2021

This book seeks to explain why great powers adopt such different strategies to protect their oil access from politically motivated disruptions. In extreme cases, such as Imperial Japan in 1941, great powers fought wars to grab oil territory in anticipation of a potential embargo by the Allies; in other instances, such as Germany in the early Nazi period, states chose relatively subdued measures like, oil alliances or domestic policies, to conserve oil. What accounts for this variation? Fundamentally, it is puzzling that great powers fear oil coercion at all because the global market makes oil sanctions very difficult to enforce. This book argues that two variables determine what strategy a great power will adopt: the petroleum deficit, which measures how much oil the state produces domestically compared to what it needs for its strategic objectives; and disruptibility, which estimates the susceptibility of a state's oil imports to military interdiction—that is, blockade. Because global markets undercut the effectiveness of oil sanctions, blockade is in practice the only true threat to great power oil access. That, combined with the devastating consequences of oil deprivation to a state's military power, explains why states fear oil coercion deeply despite the adaptive functions of the market. Together, these two variables predict a state's coercive vulnerability, which determines how willing the state will be to accept the costs and risks attendant on various potential strategies. Only those great powers with large deficits and highly disruptible imports will adopt the most extreme strategy: direct control of oil through territorial conquest.
Crippling Leviathan
Authors: Lee Melissa M.
Published: September 2021

Policymakers worry that “ungoverned spaces” pose dangers to security and development. Why do such spaces exist beyond the authority of the state? Earlier scholarship—which addressed this question with a list of domestic failures—overlooked the crucial role that international politics play. This book argues that foreign subversion undermines state authority and promotes ungoverned space. Enemy governments empower insurgents to destabilize the state and create ungoverned territory. This kind of foreign subversion is a powerful instrument of modern statecraft. But though subversion is less visible and less costly than conventional force, it has insidious effects on governance in the target state. To demonstrate the harmful consequences of foreign subversion for state authority, the book marshals a wealth of evidence and presents in-depth studies of Russia’s relations with the post-Soviet states, Malaysian subversion of the Philippines in the 1970s, and Thai subversion of Vietnamese-occupied Cambodia in the 1980s. The evidence presented is persuasive: foreign subversion weakens the state. The book challenges the conventional wisdom on statebuilding, which has long held that conflict promotes the development of strong, territorially consolidated states. The book argues instead that conflictual international politics prevents state development and degrades state authority. In addition, the book illuminates the use of subversion as an underappreciated and important feature of modern statecraft. Rather than resort to war, states resort to subversion. Policymakers interested in ameliorating the consequences of ungoverned space must recognize the international roots that sustain weak statehood.
Enhancing the e-learning system based on a novel tasks’ classification load-balancing algorithm
Authors: Khedr Ayman E. , Idrees Amira M. , Salem Rashed
Published: September 2021

In the educational field, the system performance, as well as the stakeholders’ satisfaction, are considered a bottleneck in the e-learning system due to the high number of users who are represented in the educational system’s stakeholders including instructors and students. On the other hand, successful resource utilization in cloud systems is one of the key factors for increasing system performance which is strongly related to the ability for the optimal load distribution. In this study, a novel load-balancing algorithm is proposed. The proposed algorithm aims to optimize the educational system’s performance and, consequently, the users’ satisfaction in the educational field represented by the students. The proposed enhancement in the e-learning system has been evaluated by two methods, first, a simulation experiment for confirming the applicability of the proposed algorithm. Then a real-case experiment has been applied to the e-learning system at Helwan University. The results revealed the advantages of the proposed algorithm over other well-known load balancing algorithms. A questionnaire was also developed to measure the users’ satisfaction with the system’s performance. A total of 3,670 thousand out of 5,000 students have responded, and the results have revealed a satisfaction percentage of 95.4% in the e-learning field represented by the students.
On the classification of simple and complex biological images using Krawtchouk moments and Generalized pseudo-Zernike moments: a case study with fly wing images and breast cancer mammograms
Authors: Goh Jia Yin , Khang Tsung Fei
Published: September 2021

In image analysis, orthogonal moments are useful mathematical transformations for creating new features from digital images. Moreover, orthogonal moment invariants produce image features that are resistant to translation, rotation, and scaling operations. Here, we show the result of a case study in biological image analysis to help researchers judge the potential efficacy of image features derived from orthogonal moments in a machine learning context. In taxonomic classification of forensically important flies from the Sarcophagidae and the Calliphoridae family (n = 74), we found the GUIDE random forests model was able to completely classify samples from 15 different species correctly based on Krawtchouk moment invariant features generated from fly wing images, with zero out-of-bag error probability. For the more challenging problem of classifying breast masses based solely on digital mammograms from the CBIS-DDSM database (n = 1,151), we found that image features generated from the Generalized pseudo-Zernike moments and the Krawtchouk moments only enabled the GUIDE kernel model to achieve modest classification performance. However, using the predicted probability of malignancy from GUIDE as a feature together with five expert features resulted in a reasonably good model that has mean sensitivity of 85%, mean specificity of 61%, and mean accuracy of 70%. We conclude that orthogonal moments have high potential as informative image features in taxonomic classification problems where the patterns of biological variations are not overly complex. For more complicated and heterogeneous patterns of biological variations such as those present in medical images, relying on orthogonal moments alone to reach strong classification performance is unrealistic, but integrating prediction result using them with carefully selected expert features may still produce reasonably good prediction models.
The importance of molecular characters when morphological variability hinders diagnosability: systematics of the moon jellyfish genusAurelia(Cnidaria: Scyphozoa)
Authors: Lawley Jonathan W. , Gamero-Mora Edgar , Maronna Maximiliano M. , Chiaverano Luciano M. , Stampar Sérgio N. , Hopcroft Russell R. , Collins Allen G. , Morandini André C.
Published: September 2021

Cryptic species have been detected across Metazoa, and while no apparent morphological features distinguish them, it should not impede taxonomists from formal descriptions. We accepted this challenge for the jellyfish genusAurelia, which has a long and confusing taxonomic history. We demonstrate that morphological variability inAureliamedusae overlaps across very distant geographic localities. Even though some morphological features seem responsible for most of the variation, regional geographic patterns of dissimilarities are lacking. This is further emphasized by morphological differences found when comparing lab-culturedAurelia coeruleamedusae with the diagnostic features in its recent redescription. Previous studies have also highlighted the difficulties in distinguishingAureliapolyps and ephyrae, and their morphological plasticity. Therefore, mostly based on genetic data, we recognize 28 species ofAurelia, of which seven were already described, 10 are formally described herein, four are resurrected and seven remain undescribed. We present diagnostic genetic characters for all species and designate type materials for newly described and some resurrected species. Recognizing moon jellyfish diversity with formal names is vital for conservation efforts and other studies. This work clarifies the practical implications of molecular genetic data as diagnostic characters, and sheds light on the patterns and processes that generate crypsis.
Cbl upregulates cysH for hydrogen sulfide production in Aeromonas veronii
Authors: Zhang Yidong , Liu Zebin , Tang Yanqiong , Ma Xiang , Tang Hongqian , Li Hong , Liu Zhu
Published: September 2021

Endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is generated in many metabolism pathways, and has been recognized as a second messenger against antibiotics and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In Aeromonas veronii, Small Protein B (SmpB) plays an important role in resisting stress. The absence of smpB could trigger sulfate assimilation pathway to adapt the nutrient deficiency, of which was mediated by up-regulation of cbl and cys genes and followed with enhancing H2S production. To figure out the mutual regulations of cbl and cys genes, a series of experiments were performed. Compared with the wild type, cysH was down-regulated significantly in cbl deletion by qRT-PCR. The fluorescence analysis further manifested that Cbl had a positive regulatory effect on the promoter of cysJIH. Bacterial one-hybrid analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) verified that Cbl bound with the promoter of cysJIH. Collectively, the tolerance to adversity could be maintained by the production of H2S when SmpB was malfunctioned, of which the activity of cysJIH promoter was positively regulated by upstream Cbl protein. The outcomes also suggested the enormous potentials of Aeromonas veronii in environmental adaptability.
CBF transcription factors involved in the cold response of Camellia japonica (Naidong)
Authors: Fan Menglong , Zhou Rui , Liu Qinghua , Sun Yingkun
Published: September 2021

CBFs belong to the ERF subfamily of the AP2 supergene family and often play an important role in the cold acclimation of temperate plants. However, the role of CBFs in Camellia japonica (Naidong), the only Camellia japonica population found in the temperate zones of China, remains unclear. It is very important to study the genetic composition of C. japonica (Naidong) to adapt to low temperature for Camellia species. Using full-length transcriptome data, we identified four CjCBF genes that respond to cold stress and analyzed their evolutionary relationships, domains, and expression patterns. The phylogeny of CBFs of 19 angiosperms divided the genes into three categories, and the four CjCBFs belong to a small subcluster. The strong response of CjCBF1 to cold treatment and its sustained high level of expression indicated that it plays an important role in the process of cold acclimation. A yeast two-hybrid assay revealed an interaction between CjCBF1, CjCBF2, and CjCBF5, and subcellular localization confirmed this finding. The expression of CjCBFs was tissue-specific: CBF1 was mainly expressed in leaves, and CBF3 was mainly expressed in stem. The responses of the four CjCBFs to drought and high temperature and the effect of light were also characterized. Our study provides new insight into the role of CBFs in the cold response in C. japonica (Naidong).