bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Ultrafast” Multispiral Computer Tomographic Angiography of Aorta: Current Reality and Perspectives
Authors: Khovrin V. V. , Galyan T. N. , Malakhova M. V. , Khachatrian Z. R. , Charchian E. R.
Published: February 2019

Objective: to carried out the comparison of the data of MDCT of the patients, undergoing screening using the standard protocol MDCT aortography and FLASH “fast” protocol of scanning. It is discussed the possibility of the reduction of the injected amount of the contrast agent for “fast” aortography.

Materials and methods. The aorta examinations of 101 patients (69 men (68%) and 32 women (32%); the average age ± the standard deviation – 56.34 ± 11.5 years) were analyzed. The examinations have been carried out on MDCT with two sources of Х-ray (DSCT); 48 patients have been undergone the examination using “fast” FLASH scanning. It has been compared the scanning time, the length of the examination zone and ED (Effective Dose) load calculated for the groups for the standard and “fast” MDCT aortography.

Results. CDTIvol and DLP values were statistically proved lower (p < 0.001) at the examination of the patients that had been undergone “fast” protocol of scanning FLASH. The average ED was considerably lower in this group of the patients in comparison with the patients that had been examined using standard protocol (4.36 ± 1.69 mSv and 15.12 ± 4.62 mSv, р < 0.001). Without the reliable difference in the length of the examination zone in groups (42.91 ± 3.23 cm and 43.68 ± 2.66 cm, p = 0.55), the duration of the examination of MDCT aorta was considerably lower in the second group (9.29 ± 0.85s and 1.93 ± 0.12 s, p < 0.001).

 

Conclusion. The method of the superfast aorta МDCT make it possible to reduce ED and the amount of the injected contrast agent at the examination of the vast zone. At the same time, qualitative and quantitative analysis of the MDCT remains high.
Follow-Up of Changes in Myocardial Structure in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure, Assessed with Contrast-Enhanced MRI
Authors: Shelkovnikova T. A. , Rogovskaya Y. V. , Aptekar V. D. , Maksimova A. S. , Usov V. Yu.
Published: February 2019

The purpose:to follow-up the pathological changes in the cardiac  muscle using contrast-enhanced MRI (in comparison with  endomyocardial biopsy), in patients with chronic heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy.

Materials and methods.This study comprised 29 pa tients (as  51.1 ± 11.03 years old). Everybody underwent cardiac contrast- enhanced MRI, at admission and in 6 month, the endomyocardial  biopsy was carried out in 19 patients.

Results.Myocarditis with different degrees of activity was revealed  in 14 patients, from the results of a histological examination of the  cardiac muscle. The patients were assembled to two groups,  depending on the severity of the inflammatory changes; the data were compared with the results of the endomyocardial biopsy. In the group of patients with a moderate degree of activity of the  inflammatory process, myocardial fibrosis prevailed, in the group of patients with pronounced activity it was oedema, with a relatively  smaller volume of myocardial fibrosis. In six months of monitoring,  the number of pathologically altered segments of the myocardium  increased (from 2.7 ± 1.7 to 3.05 ± 1.7) and the thickness of the  paramagnetic contrast uptake to the cardiac muscle also increased (from 4.4 ± 1.4 to 4.8 ± 1.9 mm), despite the specific therapy kept carried out this time.

 

Conclusion.The development of dilated cardiomyopathy and  chronic heart failure, in a significant number of cases causes of  inflammatory changes in the myocardium, followed by manifestation  of dilated cardiomyopathy, and the progression of fibrotic changes in  the myocardium was observed even after elimination of the causative agent.
Intravascular Ultrasound Studies and the Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaque (Literature Review)
Authors: Kochergin N. A. , Kochergina A. M.
Published: February 2019

The vulnerable plaque is an atherosclerotic plaque which can lead to  thrombosis of a coronary artery with development of an acute coronary  syndrome. Most myocardial infarctions occur in people with average  levels of risk factors and thrombosis mostly originate from lesions that  are less severely narrowed. Thus, in most cases, these plaques are clinically silent before the “unheralded” acute event and would not  be considered eligible for preventive treatment based on current  guidelines. The main question is to identify thrombosis-prone  “vulnerable” plaques before they rupture or become destabilized. IVUS  is a useful tool in identifying high risk plaque features and vulnerable lesions in patients.
Clinical and Radiographic Correlation (According to CT) in Patients with Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Authors: Mlyavykh S. G. , Aleynik A. Y. , Bokov A. E. , Rasteryaeva M. V. , Kutlaeva M. A.
Published: February 2019

Сomputed tomography (CT) is widely used in the diagnosis of  degenerative pathology of the lumbar spine, but the relationship  between clinical manifestations of lumbar stenosis and its anatomical prerequisites has not been sufficiently studied to date.

The objective: to determine the significance of the morphometric  parameters of lumbar stenosis according to CT scans and to  establish their relationship with the prevailing symptoms of the disease.

Material and methods. Seventy-five consecutive patients with  clinically significant lumbar stenosis who underwent CT scan before  surgery were enrolled in this study. The average values of thirteen  different morphometric parameters were calculated at LIII–SI levels of the intervertebral discs and of the pedicels in the axial and sagittal views. The possibility of classification of clinical observations and the correlation of morphometric parameters with the clinical forms of lumbar stenosis were investigated using discriminant and logistic regression analysis.

 

Results. CT scan with high probability allocates patients with  predominant symptoms of neurogenic claudication or bilateral  radiculopathy. The most significant morphometric predictors of this  clinical group are the depth of the lateral recesses and the cross-sectional area of the spinal canal.

Conclusion. CT scan significantly expands the informative value of  magnetic resonance imaging and can be used in planning the  decompressive stage of the surgery intervention in patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis.
PET/CT with 18F-Fluoroethyl-L-Tyrosine in Diagnosis of Radiation Necrosis of the Temporal Lobe after Radiotherapy for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (Clinical Case)
Authors: Lyuosev A. S. , Dolgushin M. B. , Pronin A. I. , Nazarenko A. V. , Meshcheriakova N. A. , Nevzorov D. I. , Alieva S. B.
Published: February 2019

Clinical case of the patient with nasopharyngeal carcinomaafter stereotactic radiosurgical treatment for the persistent disease after chemoradiotherapyare presented. The diagnostic data of PET/CTwith  18F-Fluoroethyl-Ltyrosine (18F-FET)and MRI with intravenous contrastof head and neck were included in analysis. There was  analyzeda clinical case of differential diagnosis of changes in thetemporal lobe of the brain after stereotactic radiation therapy of  nasopharyngeal carcinoma using PET/CT with 18F-FET. Identified high  diagnostic accuracy in the differential diagnosis of delayed changes in  the brain (tumor or radiation necrosis) after radiation therapy  ofnasopharyngeal carcinoma.
A new Method of Quantitative Estimation of Radiation-Induced Lung Damage in Oncological Patients on the CT in Dynamics
Authors: Nudnov N. V. , Sotnikov V. M. , Ledenev V. V.
Published: February 2019

Objective: to develop a methodology for quantitative assessment of changes in density parameters of pulmonary tissue on the basis of  dynamic CT data, which makes it possible to assess the presence of  the dependence of changes in lung tissue on the time elapsed after  radiation therapy (RT), the dose and volume of irradiated pulmonary tissue.

Materials and methods. Using the data collected by 11 patients  with malignant lymphomas, we developed a new diagnostic  technique for quantitative analysis, which is based on the analysis of the density of pulmonary tissue before and after RT in areas with a  selected range of doses throughout the lung volume. All selected  patients received LT in the chest region, using 3D-planning, fractions of 2Gy and total focal doses of 13–56 Gy. Also, each patient had at least two CT examinations (a total of 25 studies in the Dicom- format). The first CT scan was performed before LT, repeated –  within 2–7 months after the end of RT.

Results. In 6 patients, control CT examinations were performed  2.1–2.8 months after RT. As a result, a quantitative increase in the  density indices in the range from +12 to +62 HU in regions of the  lungs irradiated at a dose of more than 19 Gy was noted, different  from the control areas. The volume of these areas of the lungs was  from 16% to 30% of the total lung volume, and the volume of  regions with the maximum values of density growth – from 7% to  14%. These changes in density are below the “visual” threshold. In  control areas, the density change varied from −15 HU (increased airiness) to + 8 HU. According to the data of other CT  studies performed later than 3 months after RT, the reverse  development of changes characterizing the early radiation reaction was observed.

Conclusions. A series of CT studies performed before and at various intervals after RT allows quantitative assessment of the dynamics of the indices of the density of irradiated pulmonary tissue, which is  necessary for an objective assessment of the severity of early  radiation-induced injuries of pulmonary tissue sites, depending on  the dose. A study of the dynamics of these changes in pulmonary  tissue density over time with RT and the connection of this indicator  with the baseline data may allow one to predict radiation-induced damage to the lungs on the one hand, and on the other, to evaluate individual radiosensitivity.
Modern Radiodiagnostics Technology of Metastasises in Pelvic Lymph Nodes
Authors: Diomidova V. N. , Еfimova O. A.
Published: February 2019

The analysis of the diagnostic informativeness of modern radiodiagnosticis methods in determining metastatic lymph node of pelvic cancer gynecological organs according to domestic and foreign publications. At the present stage methods of obtaining visual images pelvic lymph nodes are radiodiagnostics technologies (radiological, ultrasound, magnetic resonance tomography, scintigraphic). The analysis has shown that the researches devoted to diagnostic informational content of modern methods of radiodiagnosis in a differentiation of nature of damage of pelvic lymph nodes aren't enough. According to the literature, the most rational and perspective method for radiodiagnosis metastatics lymph node is a magnetic resonance imaging due to the high information content and thus specificity. At the same time, the continued relevance of further study of methods of radiodiagnostics in order to find the optimal one for the assessment of pelvic lymph nodes.
Dynamic Phantom for Flow Model in Magnetic Resonance Angiography
Authors: Petraikin A. V. , Sergunova K. A. , Semenov D. S. , Akhmad E. S. , Kim S. Yu. , Gromov A. I. , Morozov S. P.
Published: February 2019

Purpose. To develop phantom for flow modeling in magnetic resonance angiography (MRA): relative contrast assessment, accuracy of the linear velocity and volumetric flow, what improve accuracy of diagnostic in cardiac and neurosurgical clinics (quality assessment of blood and cerebrospinal fluid motion). To compare scanners of different manufactures in points of the MRA efficiency using the developed phantom.

Materials and methods. The main part of dynamic phantom consists of a disc filled with agarose gel (for linear and volumetric velocity control) and silicone tubes for fluid flow modelling. MR study was performed at MRI units of two manufactures for comparing quantitative assessments of MRA sequences: 2DTOF, 3DTOF, and at three MRI units of one firm for estimated accuracy calibration curve calculating and linear velocity and volumetric flow determination for PC MRA. Phantom study well correlate with clinical MRA results.

Results. Obtained phantom scanning results in 2DTOF, 3DTOF sequences allow for objective comparing two MRI units of different manufactures. For 2DTOF mode was showed more effective signal enhancement affected by TOF effect for scanner of manufacture 2, then manufacture 1: 8.86 ± 0.88 и 6.07 ± 0.03 corresponding. For 3DTOF was observed rather more inflow relative contrast affected by TOF effect for scanner of manufacture 1: 6.06 ± 0.47 and 3.17 ± 0.83 corresponding. However, for manufacture 1 was showed more significant signal suppression for fat tissue, which improve vasculature visualization. Accuracy linear velocity fluid flow measurement in 2DPC is equal to ±2σ = ±0,4 by five pixels for three scanners of one manufacture. Using developed phantom was modelled MRA effects in 3DPC and Time-SLIP modes.

Conclusions. The developed dynamic phantom can be used for calibration tests in MRA. The case of MRI units of two manufactures were compared quantitative assessments of MRA sequences and analyzed methods of enhancement fluid flow signal.
INFECTIOUS ENDOCARDITITIC AORTAL VALVE AND THE ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT AT THE PATIENT WITH TOTAL INVERSION OF THE INTERNAL ORGANS
Authors: Kadyrova M. V. , Malashenko E. S. , Stepanova Yu. A. , Grinberg M. S. , Shirokov V. S. , Popov V. A. , Revishvili А. Sh.
Published: February 2019

Situs viscerus inversus totalis – a complete reverse arrangement of the internal organs – is a rarely occurring congenital anomaly of development. Situs inversus with dextrocardia is more common. Congenital heart disease is observed with situs inversus with dextrocardia in 3–5% of cases, usually with transposition of large vessels. Сlinical сase of the patient P., 28 years old, with infective endocarditis of the aortic valve and atrial septal defect and situs viscerus inversus totalis also are presented. This case demonstrates the high importance of radiation methods in the diagnosis of complete transposition of organs as a congenital anomaly of development, as well as concomitant pathological conditions at the stages of surgical correction of these conditions.
EVALUATION OF NEW ULTRASOUND METHODS FOR QUANTIFYING THE FLUID IN THE PLEURAL CAVITY
Authors: Bazylev V. V. , Babukov R. M. , Fatkabrarova A. M. , Bartosh F. L.
Published: February 2019

Purpose: to determine accuracy of applying the new quantitative assessment methodology for liquid in the pleural cavity.

Materials and methods. The research encompassed 296 patients who underwent surgeries at Federal Center of Cardiovascular Surgery (Penza, Russia) with assisted blood circulation from 2015 to 2017. All the patients had ultrasonic examinations of the pleural cavities that identified the full volume of the liquid component in the pleural cavity, shaped elliptically, with further calculation of the volume with the disk test EDV (Dmax × Lmax × 3.42) – 6.44. The research data was processed with the demo software SPSS Statistics (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). In order to compare the two methods of assessing the pleural effusionvolume resulting from the pleural puncture, we applied the Bland-Altman comparison method and Pearson correlation coefficient. A difference and a mean difference (M difference) were calculated for each pair of measurements; a standard difference deviation (SD difference) was specified with further verification of the assumption that M difference differed from 0. For this purpose, the sampling mean was compared with the speculative general mean, as tested with Student’s t – distribution.

Results. While determining potential connection between the findings of liquidquantity ultrasonic measurement and the actual volume after pleural cavity puncture, the equation of linear regression found a strong linear connection between them with R2 equal to 0.85 p < 0.001). Comparison of the liquid volume by the Bland-Altman method did not find difference in the liquid volume either: all the measurements are within 2SD difference of those parameters, which proves congruity of those methods. When the sampling mean was compared with the speculative general mean, as tested with Student’s t – distribution, no reliable differences (p = 0.52) were identified.

Conclusion. Development of this methodology proves to be justified by the fact that there are often cases in the postsurgery cardiosurgical and thoracic practice when the pleural effusion volume should be measured quickly and rather accurately and assessed in dynamics.
STENOSIS OF THE CELIAC TRUNK – FROM DIAGNOSTICS TO TREATMENT
Authors: Afukova O. A. , Yudin A. L. , Razumovskiy A. Yu.
Published: February 2019

Compression stenosis of the celiac trunk (CSCT) is a syndrome based on the celiac trunk stenosis of varying degree, sometimes in combination with that of the superior mesenteric artery, caused by the compression of this vessel by the medial arched ligament of the diaphragm, as well as its internal legs and the neurofibrotic tissue of the celiac plexus. CSCT can cause chronic ischemia of the abdominal organs and chronic pain syndrome. The branches of the celiac trunk, supplying the stomach, liver, pancreas to the blood, are connected with the mesenteric arteries of the intestine in a common circle, therefore, with a lack of blood flow along one of the branches, the entire digestive tract suffers . The main clinical manifestation of CSCT is abdominal pain, observed in 97–100% patients. Angiography is the most invasive and, at the same time, the most informative method currently available to assess the extent and degree of the celiac trunk narrowing and to determine indications for surgical treatment. Ultrasound is a harmless, painless and at the same time informative diagnostic method for CSCT. A modern ultrasound technique is ultrasound with the use of echocontrast. Multi-detector CT angiography with multiplanar and 3D reconstruction is the optimal method of X-ray diagnostics of CSCT. MR angiography is successfully used both for preoperative preparation in patients with compression of the celiac trunk, and in the postoperative period. The methods of surgical treatment for abdominal ischemia are divided into palliative, decompressional and reconstructive. Modern diagnostic methods allow non-invasive methods to diagnose CSES in combination with clinical manifestations. The laparoscopic method is optimal for celiac trunk decompression, but the choice of the surgical treatment method should be considered individually.
ТRUE CYSTS OF THE SPLEEN IN TWINS
Authors: Stepanova Yu. A. , Ionkin D. A. , Alimurzaeva M. Z. , Glotov A. V.
Published: February 2019

Splenic cysts are rare. Most true (congenital) splenic cysts are epithelial in origin and have embryonic inclusion of epithelial cells from adjacent structures. Congenital spleen cysts are also called epidermoid or epithelial cysts. They form when there is an invagination of the mesothelium-lined splenic capsule during development. The lining is pluripotential and may undergo metaplastic changes and fluid accumulation with resultant cyst expansion. We present our own clinical case of the true spleen cysts in twins. Both patients did’t have any complains. In one of the twins, the lesion was up to 85.0 mm in diameter, localized in the spleen gates and squeezed the spleen vascular pedicle, which necessitated the surgical treatment. In the second twin, the cyst also localized in the spleen gates, however, it was of minor dimensions and, there was no growth at dynamic monitoring at the present time.
CT and MRI imaging of glomus tumors of the temporal bone
Authors: Stepanova E. A. , Vishnyakova М. V. , Sambulov V. I. , Mukhamedov I. Т.
Published: February 2019

Glomus tumor is one of the most common temporal bone tumors. Most of them are benign and locally invasive, some are occasionally able to metastasize and have signs of malignancy. Diagnostic imaging is necessary before treatment. Computer tomography (CT) is traditionally used as a primary method of diagnosis, to recognize changes in the temporal bone. Role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in temporal bone tumor diagnosis is not definitively determined.

Purpose. To assess the possibilities of computer and magnetic resonance tomography, to develop an algorithm for the application of diagnostic imaging methods in the diagnosis of glomus tumors of the temporal bone.

Material and methods. The article presents the experience of diagnosing 30 patients with glomus tumors.

Results. The tympanic form of the glomus tumor was observed in 11 cases (37%), tympano-yugular in 19 cases (63%). CT and MRI data totally coincided in cases of small tumors (type A and B). In the presence of extended forms CT ability of assessing bone invasion, involvement of the internal carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and dural sinuses was lower than the MRI.
Prediction of superresponse to cardiac resynchronisation therapy in patients with congestive heart failure
Authors: Soldatova A. M. , Kuznetsov V. A. , Krinochkin D. V. , Enina T. N. , Shirokov N. E.
Published: February 2019

The aim.To evaluate clinical, morphological, functional features and mortality in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and super-response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), to assess presence and severity of mechanical dyssynchrony in patients with super-response and to find potential predictors of super-response to CRT.

Methods.106 CRT patients (mean age 54.7 ± 9.9 years; 83% men) with CHF II–IV NYHA functional class were enrolled for the study. At baseline and each 6 months after implantation clinical, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic parameters, NT-proBNP level were evaluated. According to the best decrease of left ventricular endsystolic volume (LVESV) (mean follow-up period 34.9 ± 16.1 months) patients were classified as super-responders (SR) (n = 45; reduction in LVESV ≥30%) and non-SR (n = 61; reduction in LVESV <30%).

Results.At baseline groups were matched for main clinical characteristics. The proportion of patients with atrial fibrillation, width of the QRS complex, and the presence of left bundle-branch block were comparable between groups. Parameters of mechanical dyssynchrony were higher in SR: left ventricular pre-ejection period (LVPEP) (153.0 ± 35.9 ms vs 126.6 ± 35.1 ms; р = 0.005), interventricular mechanical delay (55.9 ± 30.8 ms vs 40.4 ± 29.9 ms; р = 0.049), systolic dyssynchrony index (9.6 ± 2.6% vs 7.2 ± 0.7%; р = 0.048). NT-proBNP level was lower in SR. SR demonstrated better dynamics of LVESV, LVEF. At baseline and in dynamics level of NT-proBNP was lower in SR. In both groups NT-proBNP decreased significantly, but reduction of NT-proBNP was more evident in SR. The survival rates were 100%in SR and 83.6% in non-SR (log rank test p = 0.002).According to multiple logistic regression analysis LVPEP (HR 1.025; 95% CI 1.006–1.044; p = 0.010) and baseline NT-proBNP level (HR 0.624; 95% CI 0.426–0.913; p = 0.015) were independent predictors for CRT super-response with sensitivity 71.9% and specificity 78.6%.

Conclusion.In patients with CHF greater mechanical dyssynchrony and lower level of NT-proBNP are associated with CRT super-response. SR demonstrate better survival and better dynamics of functional parameters in long-term period. LVPEP and NT-proBNP level can be used as independent predictors of CRT super-response.
Value of radiographic measurements in depiction of glenohumeral and acromial anatomical changes in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome and rotator cuff tears
Authors: Gazhonova V. E. , Bachurina Е. M. , Emelianenko M. V. , Popova I. E. , Soina T. A. , Kurnosova I. M.
Published: February 2019

The purpose.Optimization of radiographic study of the shoulder in patients with SIS and estimation of the clinical value of radiographic measurements in SIS diagnosis and rotator cuff tears (RCT).

Materials and methods.128 patients with a painful shoulder (67 women, 61 men), mean age 57.3 ± 12.8 y.o. and 35 patients without shoulder pain mean age 56 ± 10.4 y.o. underwent a complex study including radiography, MRI, MDCTor MR-arthrography, arthroscopy. Special angles and distances were estimated on a Radiographic Work Station by 2 radiologists (acromion tilt (AT), acromion slope, inferior acromion protrusion, acromio-humeral distance, acromio-humeral index, critical shoulder angle (CSA), lateral acromion angle, transverse acromion angle). Mean values of these parameters were compared between patients with SIS and control group, and between patients with RCT and without . Test-retest reproducibility and inter rater agreement were calculated with Kohen’s kappa. Diagnostic value of the most informative parameters was compared with estimation of AUC under the ROC curve.

Results.CSA and AT demonstrated independence with age and excellent test-retest reproducibility. In SIS patients mean values of CSA were statistically higher (35.78 ± 4.64°), AT values – lower (25.90 ± 4.27°), then in controls. In all patients with CSA more then 35, the frequency of RCT was 74%. In patients with RCT were detected higher values of CSA (36.70 ± 2.61°) and lower values of AT (23.67 ± 3.07°), then in patients without tears. Lateral acromion angle (acromion type) demonstrated correlation with patient’s age and moderate reproducibility in test-retest studies.

Conclusion.AT (measured on the outlet X-ray view) and CSA (measured in direct views) could be recommended for clinical use for evaluation of patients with SIS and prognosing RCT.
DIFFUSION-KURTOSIS IMAGING IN ASSESMENT OF BRAIN MICROSTRUCTURE. HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS MEASURMENTS
Authors: Pogosbekyan E. L. , Turkin A. M. , Baev A. A. , Shults E. I. , Khachanova N. V. , Maximov I. I. , Fadeeva L. M. , Pronin I. N. , Kornienko V. N.
Published: February 2019

Aim:discover quantitative and qualitative variance of diffusion parameters in white and gray matter of healthyvolunteers brain. Discover correlation between diffusion and kurtosis parameters, find out if there is correlation between the parameters and aging microstructural changes.Materials and methods.14 healthy volunteers were investigated (9 men, 5 women; age from 21 to 55 years, mean 34). The volunteers were classified into two groups by age: 7 subjects who younger 35 (6 men and 1 woman, mean age 25) and 7 subjects who older 35 years (3 men and 4 women, mean age 44). We used 3.0 Tesla MRI (3.0T SignaHDxt, General Electric, USA) with 8 channel head coil, gradient strength 50 mT/m, slew rate 150 T/m/s. Diffusion imaging was based on echo planar “spin echo” sequence (SE EPI), TR = 10000 ms, TEmin = 102 ms, FOV = 240 mm, voxel size 3 × 3 × 3 mm3, 60 non-coplanar diffusion directions and three b-values: 0, 1000, 2500 s/mm2. Acquisition time of diffusion kurtosis imaging was 22 minutes. We excluded extracerebral areas on diffusion and kurtosis parametric maps using semi-automatic approach. After that, brain images were transformed to MNI152 space using affine method. Masks of 9 anatomical structures were applied to the transformed images. Diffusion and kurtosis values were measured in these structures.Results.Fractional anisotropy (FA) changed from 0.06 in lateral occipital cortex to 0.25 in cerebral white matter, kurtosis anisotropy (KA) changed from 0.03 to 0.14 in the same cerebral structures. Axial (AK), radial (RK) and mean kurtosis (MK) were minimal in superior frontal gyrus and maximal in cerebral white matter. AK changed from 0.55 to 0.72, RK changed from 0.62 to 1.05, MK from 0.59 to 0.88. Axial(AxEAD) and radial extra axonal water diffusion (RadEAD) were minimal in putamen and maximal in superior frontal gyrus. AxEAD was changing from 1.38 • 10–3 to 2.57 • 10–3, RadEAD from 1.03 • 10–3 to 2.34 • 10–3. Axonal water fraction (AWF) had minimal value 0,18 in superior frontal gyrus and maximal value 0.29 in cerebral white matter. Tortuosity (TORT) changed from 1.06 in lateral occipital cortex to 1.43 in cerebral white matter. There was significant difference between age groups in AWF, RK, RadEAD in putamen and in KA in superior temporal gyrus. Maximal correlation with age was in MK in superior temporal gyrus, anterior division. It was equal to 0.562.Conclusions:Diffusion kurtosis imaging is highly sensitive method of brain tissue microstructure assessment, which detects age-related changes.
VOLUMETRIC DYNAMIC 640-SLICE CT OF CORONARY ARTERIES
Authors: Serova N. S. , Kondrashina O. S. , Kondrashin S. A.
Published: February 2019

Purpose. Evaluation of diagnostic efficiency and safety of volumetric dynamic 640-slice CT in the detection of stenotic lesions of the coronary arteries.

Materials and methods. In University clinic N1 in 2016–2017 years we investigated 86 patients with ischemic heart disease or valvular heart disease. All patients were fulfilled volumetric dynamic 640-slice CT-coronarography with retrospective ECG-synchronization and subsequent multiparametric reconstruction and evaluation of the coronary vessels. We determinate the degree of stenosis of the coronary arteries. The results are compared with data of the standard coronarography. 22 patients previously had stenting coronary arteries. In 12 cases, patients have atrial fibrillation. The selection criterion for the study was the absence of progression of the disease for at least 6 weeks and a minimum period of 3 months of optimal medical therapy. The study did not include patients with acute coronary syndrome and patients with aortic-coronary bypass surgery in history. All patients were performed CT-angiography on 640-slice CT Aquilion One (Toshiba, Japan). Contrast agent (Ultravist-370) of room temperature was injected into the cubital vein via catheter 18G at a speed of 4.5 ml/s.

Results. Statistical criteria in the detection of coronary artery stenosis at MSCT-coronarography were as follows: sensitivity – 94.3%, specificity – 93.5%, accuracy – 92.8%, positive prognostic value – 96.4%, negative prognostic value – 87.3%. Spearman rank correlation coefficient in the evaluation of coronary artery lesions according to these methods was 0.68.

Conclusion. Volumetric dynamic 640-slice CT-angiography is a highly sensitive safe non-invasive method of examination of patients with different cardiovascular diseases, which is characterized by low radiation dose and high security.
Densitometry as a monitoring method in the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Kryukov E. V. , Troyan V. N. , Rukavitsyn O. A. , Kozyrev S. V. , Daragan-Sushchov I. G. , Pop V. P. , Alekseev S. A. , Sapelnikova E. R.
Published: February 2019

The article is devoted to the study of the problem of the analysis of the degree of osteoporosis based on the results of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in multiple myeloma during treatment. The change in bone mineral density in patients with multiple myeloma treated with standard chemotherapy and high-dose chemotherapy with autotransplantation of hematopoietic stem cells is considered. The X-ray densitometry method can serve as an objective criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of the treatment in patients with multiple myeloma.
Standard deviation calculation between mammography and sonography data in determining non-palpable breast masses localization using the Mammography Sono Analyzer computer program
Authors: Mordvinov Yu. P. , Apanasevich V. I.
Published: February 2019

Objective: standard deviation calculation in determining non-palpable breast masses localization: mammography and sonography data for a more accurate pre-surgical diagnostics and labeling.Materials and methods. We have applied the Mammography Sono Analyzer (MSA) software for studying 52 women 37 to 76 years old with non-palpable breast masses for comparing the focal mass localization based on mammography and sonography data. The patients were divided into 3 groups based on the breast size: small (S), medium (M) and large (L). 

Results. Standard deviation between mammography and sonography data gas been obtained: S – 1,0 cm maximum, M – 2,0 cm maximum, L – less than 2,5 cm.

Conclusions. The MSA software allows to determine the standard deviations of non-palpable breast masses localization for breast of different size taking into consideration the mammography and sonography data.
An acoustic-based approach for real-time deep-water navigation of an AUV
Authors: Tesei A , Micheli M , Vermeij A , Ferri G , Mazzi M , Grenon G , Morlando L , Costanzi R , Fenucci D , Caiti A , Munafò A
Published: February 2019

Navigation of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) remains a challenge due to the impossibility to use radio frequency signals and Global Positioning System (GPS). Navigation systems usually integrate different proprioceptive sensors to estimate the asset and the speed of the vehicle. In particular, the Doppler Velocity Log (DVL) is fundamental during the navigation to have an accurate estimate of the vehicle’s speed. This work addresses the enhancement of the navigation performance of an AUV through the development of a Deep Water Navigation Filter (DWNF). The DWNF is able to work in those scenarios where traditional navigation sensors show their limits: e.g., deep waters where DVL bottom lock cannot be achieved, or areas where the use of traditionally used static and dedicated beacons is incompatible with the mission requirements. The proposed approach exploits the concept of using a network of vehicles cooperatively supporting each other for their navigation. Several types of measurements coming from the different nodes (i.e. acoustic positioning system such as ship-mounted SSBL acoustic positioning system, USBL, range measurements from the different nodes) are fused in an Extended Kalman Filter framework with the odometry data. DWNF pushes forward the idea of using a network of robotic assets as a provider of navigation services allowing more flexible and robust operations of the deployed system. The approach has been tested at sea during several experiments. We report here results from DWNF running successfully in real-time on the NATO STO-Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation (CMRE) vehicles during the Dynamic Mongoose’17 experimentation off the South coast of Iceland (June-July 2017).
The Expanding Role of Variable Frequency Drives in Naval Automation
Authors: Johnson W A
Published: February 2019

Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs) have provided improvements in the U.S. Navy across a myriad of shipboard applications through replacement of full voltage across-the-line contactors and modification of earlier hydraulic designs.  The Collective Protective System (CPS) and Electronic-Standard Tensioned Replenishment Alongside Method (ESTREAM) are two examples.  These applications offer a revealing list of long term benefits of maintenance savings, equipment performance gains, and overall operational efficiencies.  In the case of the CPS, innovatively the engineers applied the power affinity laws and electrical power triangle principle to gain savings on the system’s power consumption and alleviate motor wear and tear.  For the ESTREAM, the VFD’s torque limit feedback was applied to achieve more responsive tension and speed control of the underway replenishment (UNREP) process.  Because extended equipment service life, increased reliability, and greater performance directly translate to a greater ability for the ship to accomplish its mission, such compelling reasons will generate further adoption of VFDs into other applications of the modern navies of today.
Deriving Specifications for Coupling through Dual-Wound Generators
Authors: Rashkin L J , Neely J C , Wilson D G , Glover S F , Doerry N , McCoy T J
Published: February 2019

Many candidate power system architectures are being evaluated for the Navy’s next generation all-electric warship. One proposed power system concept involves the use of dual-wound generators to power both the Port and Starboard side buses using different 3-phase sets from the same machine (Doerry, 2015). This offers the benefit of improved efficiency through reduced engine light-loading and improved dispatch flexibility, but the approach couples the two busses through a common generator, making one bus vulnerable to faults and other dynamic events on the other bus. Thus, understanding the dynamics of cross-bus coupling is imperative to the successful implementation of a dual-wound generator system. In (Rashkin, 2017), a kilowatt-scale system was analysed that considered the use of a dual-wound permanent magnet machine, two passive rectifiers, and two DC buses with resistive loads. For this system, dc voltage variation on one bus was evaluated in the time domain as a function of load changes on the other bus. Therein, substantive cross-bus coupling was demonstrated in simulation and hardware experiments. The voltage disturbances were attributed to electromechanical (i.e. speed disturbances) as well as electromagnetic coupling mechanisms. In this work, a 25 MVA dual-wound generator was considered, and active rectifier models were implemented in Matlab both using average value modelling and switching (space vector modulation) simulation models. The frequency dynamics of the system between the load on one side and the dc voltage on the other side was studied. The coupling is depicted in the frequency domain as a transfer function with amplitude and phase and is shown to have distinct characteristics (i.e. frequency regimes) associated with physical coupling mechanisms such as electromechanical and electromagnetic coupling as well as response characteristics associated with control action by the active rectifiers. In addition, based on requirements outlined in draft Military Standard 1399-MVDC, an approach to derive specifications will be discussed and presented. This method will aid in quantifying the allowable coupling of energy from one bus to another in various frequency regimes as a function of other power system parameters. Finally, design and control strategies will be discussed to mitigate cross-bus coupling. The findings of this work will inform the design, control, and operation of future naval warship power systems.
Robustness analysis of the next generation of EGR controllers in marine two-stroke diesel engines
Authors: Llamas X , Eriksson L
Published: February 2019

Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) has recently been introduced in large marine two-stroke diesel engines to reduce NOx emissions. During accelerations, controlling the amount of EGR flow while still keeping good acceleration performance can be quite challenging. The main difficulties to overcome are the delay in the scavenge receiver oxygen measurement and the upper limit in the amount of fuel that can be burned with EGR diluted air without producing black smoke. Previous oxygen feedback controllers struggled during accelerations, but a new approach to EGR control based on adaptive feedforward (AFF) has been tested successfully. Nevertheless,further analysisandtestsarerequiredbeforedeployingthenewcontrollertomoreEGRships. A simulation platform is a great asset to test the controllers before expensive and time-limited real-world experiments have to be conducted on board of ships. With this purpose, a new EGR flow controller is introduced to track the AFF controller EGR flow setpoint in a complete ship simulation model. This new EGR controller complements the previous AFF controller and determines the control signals of the engine EGR blowers. Several acceleration scenarios are simulated, and they identify the low load area as the most challenging concerning EGR control performance due to the slower air path engine dynamics. Controller robustness in this low load area against errors in the flow estimates used by the controller is analysed. Pressure sensor bias in the EGR flow estimator is identified as the most critical factor, which could lead to black smoke formation. This issue could be prevented with better sensor calibration or by using a differential pressure sensor in the estimator instead of two absolute pressure sensors. Errors in the parameters of the flow estimators do not affect the performance as much. This is a useful result because, for a newly built engine, the right parameters of the flow estimators might be difficult to obtain.
Ship diesel engine performance modelling with combined physical and machine learning approach
Authors: Coraddu A , Kalikatzarakis M , Oneto L , Meijn G J , Godjevac M , Geertsma R D
Published: February 2019

Condition Based Maintenance on diesel engines can help to reduce maintenance load and better plan maintenance activities in order to support ships with reduced or no crew. Diesel engine performance models are required to predict engine performance parameters in order to identify emerging failures early on and to establish trends in performance reduction. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed to accurately predict engine temperatures during operational dynamic manoeuvring. In this hybrid modelling approach, the authors combine the mechanistic knowledge from physical diesel engine models with the statistic knowledge from engine measurements on a sound engine. This simulation study, using data collected from a Holland class patrol vessel, demonstrates that existing models cannot accurately predict measured temperatures during dynamic manoeuvring, and that the hybrid modelling approach outperforms a purely data driven approach by reducing the prediction error during a typical day of operation from 10% to 2%.
Kejadian Depresi Dengan Mekanisme Koping pada Siswa SMAN 1 Simpang Hilir Kabupaten Kayong Utara
Authors: Limansyah Dodik
Published: February 2019

Latar Belakang : Depresi adalah sebagai suatu penyakit yang menyebabkan suatu gangguan dalam perasaan dan emosi yang dimiliki oleh individu yang ditunjuk sebagai suasana perasaan. Stres akan berkembang menjadi lebih buruk lagi bahkan depresi apabila tidak melakukan penanganan yang tepat. Depresi pada remaja juga berdampak pada prestasi sekolah, mereka mengalami kesulitan untuk berkonsentrasi, selain itu depresi juga mempengaruhi fungsi sosial hingga kesulitan dalam penyesuaian diri.  

Metode Penelitian : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik korelatif dengan menggunakan desain cross sectional, sampel pada penelitian ini adalah siswa di SMAN 1 Simpang Hilir Kabupaten Kayong Utara. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik quota sampling dengan jumlah sampel yaitu 228 responden. Analisa data yang digunakan adalah dengan uji statistik Chi-Square.

Hasil Penelitian : didapatkan hasil yaitu ρ = 0,006 yang artinya bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kejadian depresi dengan mekanisme koping pada siswa-siswi di SMAN 1 Simpang Hilir, Kabupaten Kayong Utara.

Kesimpulan : Berdasarkan hasil secara keseluruhan responden (97,4%) menggunakan Problem Solving Focused Coping, dan kejadian depresi pada siswa SMA dipengaruhi oleh mekanisme coping individu.
Tıpta Uzmanlık Eğitimi ve Asistan Hekimlerin Sorunlarının İrdelenmesi: Bir Anket Çalışması
Authors: YILMAZ Yasin , UÇAR Ebubekir , ERTİN Hakan
Published: February 2019

Giriş ve Amaç: Tıpta uzmanlık eğitimi son zamanlarda sık tartışılan konulardan biri olagelmiştir. Çeşitli düzenlemelerle asistan hekimlerin sorunları aşılmaya çalışılsa da, uzmanlık eğitimi ve sağlık hizmetinin bir arada yürütülmesinin doğurduğu sorunlar çözülmeye muhtaçtır. Çalışmamızda asistan hekimlerin tıpta uzmanlık eğitiminde karşılaştığı sorunları anket yoluyla irdelemek amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamızda İstanbul Tıp Fakültesinde tıpta uzmanlık eğitimi alan asistan hekimlerin sorunlarını anlamaya yönelik açık uçlu ve kapalı uçlu (çoktan seçmeli, likert tipi ve evet/hayır sorusu) sorulardan oluşan özel olarak hazırlanmış anket uygulanmıştır. Anket sonuçları yüzdelik değer ve SPSS istatistik programı ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılım fakültede bulunan tüm asistan hekimler arasında %27 olup, katılan asistanların yarısı aldığı tıpta uzmanlık eğitimini iyi olarak değerlendirmiştir. Diğer taraftan, katılımcıların üçte biri tıpta uzmanlık eğitiminin iyileştirilmesi konusunu, karşılaşılan sorunlar arasında öncelikli olarak değerlendirmiştir. Çalışmaya katılanların yalnızca dörtte biri yabancı dilde hem literatür okuyabilir hem de yazabilir durumdadır. Asistanların yaklaşık yarısı hekimlik mesleğini yerine getirirken mesleki açıdan kısmen tatmin olduğunu ve her beş asistandan biri tıpta uzmanlık eğitimi boyunca, karşılaştıkları zorluk ve sorunlarla baş edebilmek için tıbbi yardım almak (psikolojik destek, psikotrop ilaç kullanımı) zorunda kaldığını belirtmiştir. Çalışmaya katılan her üç asistandan ikisi toplumun hekimlere karşı hekimlik mesleğini yerine getirmede sık sık ön yargılı olduğunu bildirmiştir.Sonuç: Meşakkatli ve özverili bir mesleğin en önemli çağında asistan hekimlerin aldığı uzmanlık eğitiminin iyileştirilmesi ve onlara destek olunması, hekimliğin geleceği açısından önem taşımaktadır. Asistan hekimlerin sorunlarını irdeleyen çok merkezli çalışmalara da ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
Drug Analogs from Fragment Based Long Short-Term Memory Generative Neural Networks
Authors: Awale Mahendra , Sirockin Finton , Stiefl Nikolaus , Reymond Jean-Louis
Published: February 2019

Several recent reports have shown that long short-term memory generative neural networks (LSTM) of the type used for grammar learning efficiently learn to write SMILES of drug-like compounds when trained with SMILES from a database of bioactive compounds such as ChEMBL and can later produce focused sets upon transfer learning with compounds of specific bioactivity profiles. Here we trained an LSTM using molecules taken either from ChEMBL, DrugBank, commercially available fragments, or from FDB-17 (a database of fragments up to 17 atoms) and performed transfer learning to a single known drug to obtain new analogs of this drug. We found that this approach readily generates hundreds of relevant and diverse new drug analogs and works best with training sets of around 40,000 compounds as simple as commercial fragments. These data suggest that fragment-based LSTM offer a promising method for new molecule generation.
Computational Screening of Roles of Defects and Metal Substitution on Reactivity of Different Single- vs Double-Node Metal–Organic Frameworks for Sarin Decomposition
Authors: MomeniTaheri MohammadReza , Cramer Christopher J.
Published: February 2019

Understanding how different factors affect the electronic prop-erties of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is critical to under-standing their potential for catalysis and to serve as catalyst supports. In this work, periodic dispersion corrected PBE cal-culations are performed to assess the catalytic activity of dif-ferent Zr6 vs Zr12 metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for the heterogeneous catalytic hydrolysis of the chemical warfare agent (CWA) sarin. Using a comprehensive series of extended periodic models capable of capturing long-range sar-in/water/framework interactions in both Zr6 and Zr12 MOFs, the effect of numbers and morphologies of defective sites as well as ZrIV substitution with heavier CeIV are thoroughly in-vestigated. Our calculations show that hydrogen bonds in-volving both metal-oxide nodes and organic linkers can play important roles in the catalysis. Insights derived from this work should inform the design and realization of more effec-tive and robust next-generation MOF-based heterogeneous catalysts.