bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of expansion rate on circumferential residual stress distribution of expandable casing
Authors: Jianbing Zhang , Detao Kong , Qian Wang , Haobo Wang , Haiying Wang
Published: March 2021

To study the distribution law of circumferential residual stress after casing expansion, using the finite element explicit dynamic analysis method analyzed the expansion process of expandable casings under different expansion rates. The analysis obtained key technical parameters of circumferential residual stress, average circumferential residual stress and elastic recovery along the wall thickness direction after casing expansion. It is recognized that the maximum residual tensile stress after casing expansion locates in the middle part of the casing thickness direction. The maximum residual compressive stress locates in the outer wall of the casing. When the expansion rate exceeds 18%, the increase in expansion rate will not lead to an increase in circumferential residual stress after casing expansion. The elastic recovery after casing expansion will reduce the circumferential stress during the expansion process. Considering collapse strength and the influence of elastic recovery on casing patch sealing performance after casing expansion, 23% is the most suitable expansion rate, which can effectively reduce the circumferential residual stress and improve the casing collapse strength. The analysis in this paper can provide bases for the calculation of casing collapse strength after expansion.
Après la catastrophe, bifurquer ou persévérer ? Les forestiers à l’épreuve des événements climatiques extrêmes
Authors: Banos Vincent , Deuffic Philippe
Published: March 2021

En dépit de l’attention croissante accordée aux catastrophes climatiques, leur influence réelle sur les changements de pratiques reste ambivalente. Pour contribuer à ce débat, nous questionnons les stratégies d’adaptation adoptées par des propriétaires forestiers suite à la sécheresse de 2003 (Aude) et la tempête de 2009 (Landes de Gascogne). L’hypothèse défendue est que ces catastrophes n’ont conduit ni à la révolution, ni austatu quomais à une « bifurcation assistée ». En effet, les stratégies mises en œuvre dix ans après oscillent entre retour aux routines et intensification des pratiques sylvicoles. Ces changements dans la continuité s’expliquent notamment par le fait que l’autorité des experts, loin d’être ébranlée, fut renforcée par les processus de sortie de crise. Au final, cet article souligne l’intérêt de penser les catastrophes, non pas seulement comme des risques à venir, mais comme des laboratoires permettant d’éprouver la pertinence et l’efficacité des réflexions sur l’adaptation.
Maßnahmen der kommunalen Gesundheitsförderung im Handlungsfeld Ernährung – Evaluation des Projekts „Gesunde Südstadt“ der Stadt Nürnberg
Authors: John Dennis , Röhrich Christina , Walter Verena , Pfeifer Gabi , Kohls Niko
Published: March 2021

Hintergrund Das Projekt „Gesunde Südstadt“ hat den Schwerpunkt Gesundheitsförderung in der Lebenswelt Kommune. Es wurde im Rahmen des „Präventionsgesetzes“ (SGB V §20a) initiiert und zielt ab auf die Verringerung der gesundheitlichen Ungleichheit in der Stadt Nürnberg. Die Maßnahmen der kommunalen Gesundheitsförderung im Handlungsfeld Ernährung wurden durch eine externe multiperspektivische, multimethodische Prozess- und Ergebnisevaluation begleitend untersucht.

Methoden 55 Maßnahmenberichte, 8 Interviews mit Teilnehmenden sowie 3 Interviews mit Maßnahmendurchführenden wurden mit qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet. Eine Teilnehmendenbefragung (n=35) mittels Fragebögen wurde quantitativ-statistisch ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Gesundheitsförderungsmaßnahmen durch die Teilnehmenden eine hohe Akzeptanz erfuhren und ein ausgeprägtes Maß an Partizipation ermöglicht wurde. Weiterhin zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass die Maßnahmen die interaktive sowie die funktionale Gesundheitskompetenz förderten. Ein empirisches Pfadmodell für kommunale Gesundheitsförderungsprojekte wurde abgeleitet.

Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse belegen gesundheitsförderliche Effekte eines verhältnis- und verhaltensbasierten, kommunalen Ansatzes zur Gesundheitsförderung bei Teilnehmenden an Maßnahmen im Handlungsfeld Ernährung. Das Projekt „Gesunde Südstadt“ stellt einen systematischen, lebensweltrelevanten und niedrigschwelligen Ansatz der soziallagenbezogenen Gesundheitsförderung im kommunalen Setting dar. Methodische Einschränkungen, wie das Querschnittsdesign der Studie, werden diskutiert.
A Surprising Cause of Contained Aortic Rupture: Perforation from a Lumbar Osteophyte
Authors: Kontopodis Nikolaos , Ioannou Christos V.
Published: March 2021

We describe a patient with contained aortic rupture due to perforation from a protruding lumbar osteophyte, who was treated by open surgery. This case underlines that less common aortic pathologies are possible, which require a high suspicion index to be diagnosed.
Novel Mechanisms for Resolution of Liver Inflammation: Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Kaufmann Benedikt , Reca Agustina , Kim Andrea D. , Feldstein Ariel E.
Published: March 2021

Traditional concepts have classically viewed resolution of inflammation as a passive process yet insight into the pathways by which inflammation is resolved has challenged this idea. Resolution has been revealed as a highly dynamic and active event that is essential to counteract the dysregulated inflammatory response that drives diverse disease states. Abrogation of the hepatic inflammatory response through the stimulation of proresolving mechanisms represents a new paradigm in the setting of chronic inflammatory-driven liver diseases. Elucidation of the role of different cells of the innate and adaptive immune system has highlighted the interplay between them as an important orchestrator of liver repair. A finely tuned interaction between neutrophils and macrophages has risen as revolutionary mechanism that drives the restoration of hepatic function and architecture. Specialized proresolving mediators have also been shown to act as stop signals of the inflammatory response and promote resolution as well as tissue regeneration. In this review, we discuss the discovery and understanding of the mechanisms by which inflammation is resolved and highlight novel proresolving pathways that represent promising therapeutic strategies.
Predictors of Severity of Scrub Typhus in Children Requiring Pediatric Intensive Care Admission
Authors: Khemka Arpita , Sarkar Mihir , Basu Ankika , Dey Partha Pratim , Chowdhoury Satyabrata Roy , Mandal Kalyanbrata
Published: March 2021

Objective of our study was to determine the clinical characteristics and laboratory profile of scrub typhus patients requiring pediatric intensive care admission and to find out risk factors for the severity of illness. This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted on 1-month to 12-year-old children admitted with scrub typhus in a tertiary care pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Relevant demographic, clinical, laboratory, treatment, and outcome-related data were documented. The severity of the disease was measured in the form of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). With further correlation, and univariate and multivariate analyses, factors associated with severe disease were identified. During the study period, out of 586 PICU admission, 62 patients (10.6%) were diagnosed with scrub typhus. The mean age was 63.85 ± 52.78 months, where infants constituted 32.3% of the total population. Fever was present in 100% of the cases. Common indications of PICU admission were: respiratory distress 42 (67.7%), altered sensorium 41 (66.1%), convulsion 37 (59.7%), and shock 31 (50%). Total number of patients with MODS was 40 (64.5%). The case fatality rate was 8%. On multivariate analysis, infant age group (p = 0.02), altered sensorium (p = 0.001), reduced urine output (p = 0.02), thrombocytopenia (p = 0.001), raised C-reactive protein (p = 0.004), hyponatremia (p = 0.005), hypoalbuminemia (p = 0.01), deranged international normalized ratio (p = 0.02), and hyperferritinemia (p = 0.02) came out to be independent factors in predictability for development of MODS. Multiorgan dysfunction is a life-threatening manifestation of scrub typus in children, which necessitates PICU admission. Infant age group, presence of altered sensorium, reduced urine output, thrombocytopenia, elevated inflammatory markers, coagulopathy, hypoalbuminemia, and hyponatremia predict risk for MODS.
Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint Pathoanatomy—A Computed Tomography-Based Study
Authors: Al-Tawil Karam , Garner Madeleine , Antonios Tony , Compson Jonathan
Published: March 2021

Background Thumb carpometacarpal joint (CMCJ) osteoarthritis is common and can lead to significant morbidity making it a condition frequently treated by hand surgeons when initial conservative measures fail. The surrounding ligamentous structures are complex and important to maintain thumb CMCJ stability.

Objectives The aim of this study was to review the normal and arthritic anatomy of the thumb CMCJ, focusing on morphology and position of osteophytes and the gap between metacarpal bases, and the effect of these on intermetacarpal ligament integrity. This may be the sole ligament suspending the first metacarpal following trapeziectomy and could determine the need for further stabilization during surgery, avoiding potential future failures.

Methods Computed tomography (CT) scans of a normal cohort and those with arthritic changes who had undergone trapeziectomy following the scan were identified. The three-dimensional reconstructions were examined for osteophyte position on the saddle and the intermetacarpal distance.

Results A total of 55 patients, 30 normal and 25 arthritic, were identified and studied. The most common anatomic position for osteophytes was the intermetacarpal ulnar aspect of the trapezium. The intermetacarpal distance increased by an average of 2.1 mm in the presence of the arthritic process.

Conclusions The findings point to an increase in the intermetacarpal distance, and hence lengthening of the ligament with potential damage, possibly secondary to osteophyte formation and wear. Further prospective research is required to determine whether using preoperative CT scanning to define osteophyte position and measure the intermetacarpal distance would predict probable damage to the ligament, hence providing an indication for stabilization and reconstruction in trapeziectomy surgery.

Level of Evidence This is a Level III, retrospective cohort study.
Medium-Term Outcomes for Amandys Implant: A 5-Year Minimum Follow-Up of 63 Cases
Authors: Tanwin Youssouf , Maes-Clavier Catherine , Lestienne Victor , Gaisne Etienne , Loubersac Thierry , Kerjean Yves , Bellemère Philippe
Published: March 2021

Background Amandys is a pyrocarbon interposition implant used as a therapeutic alternative to total wrist fusion (TWF) or total wrist arthroplasty (TWA) in painful and disabling extensive destruction of the wrist.

Objective To review mid-term outcomes in a continuous prospective series of patients who underwent wrist arthroplasty Amandys with a minimum follow-up of 5 years.

Methods Clinical evaluation included a satisfaction survey, pain, two functional scores, the short version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) and the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE), active wrist mobility, and grip strength compared with the contralateral side. Radiological evaluation was used to detect implant subsidence, carpal migration, bone lysis, or implant malposition. All per- and postoperative complications were collected.

Results Fifty-nine patients (63 procedures) were evaluated with a mean follow-up of 7 years; 57% of the patients were males, and the mean age was 58 years. Among the patients, 90% were satisfied or very satisfied. Pain was significantly improved, with a gain of 4/10 (p < 0.001). Functional outcomes also improved between the second and fifth year of follow-up. Active mobility was preserved and grip strength was significantly improved by 7 kg (p < 0.001). No implant subsidence or carpal migration was observed. Ten patients (11.9%) underwent revision surgery for conflict (1%), rotation (6%), or implant dislocation (5%). All complications and revisions occurred early with no new events after 1 year of follow-up.

Discussion Mid-term clinical and radiological outcomes were stable with improvement of functional scores. The survival rate was comparable to that reported for TWF with conserved mobility. We report fewer complications compared with those reported for TWA or TWF. Early instability of the implant was the main etiology of the revisions. Repositioning of the implant was successful. No conversion to TWA or TWF was necessary.

Conclusions Mid-term outcomes of the Amandys implants were encouraging. Patients conserved good wrist motion with improved strength and functional scores. The implant was well tolerated. Functional outcomes continue to improve with the follow-up. The survival rate remains stable after 2 years. The level of evidence of this study is IV (therapeutic case series).
The ascent and descent of banks’ risk-based capital regulation
Authors: Mérő Katalin
Published: March 2021

The emergence of risk-based capital regulation that is allowing banks to use their internal risk models for regulatory purposes was among the main regulatory developments prior to the financial crisis. During the crisis, it became evident these models underestimated the level of risk. The post-crisis regulatory approach brought a reversal of policy by significantly reducing the scope of risk-based capital regulation and making regulations less risk-sensitive. At first glance, this appears to be a step back toward an antiquated, less sophisticated regulatory regime. This article analyses these two regulatory policy transformations: from less risk-sensitive to risk-based before the crisis and from risk-based to less risk-sensitive subsequently. Its main conclusion is that a mixed regulatory system is superior to either purely non-risk-sensitive or purely risk-based regulation, because a mixed system can help mitigate the negative incentives of both non-risk-sensitive and risk-based regulation.
Performance improvement with plasma edge biasing on SPECTOR
Authors: Dunlea Carl ,   General Fusion Team,, Xiao Chijin , Hirose Akira
Published: March 2021

A description of an edge-biasing experiment conducted on the spherical compact toroid plasma injector is presented with results. The insertion of a disk-shaped molybdenum electrode (probe), biased at up to +100 V, into the edge of the Compact Torus (CT), resulted in up to 1.2 kA radial current being drawn from the probe to the wall. Core electron temperature, as measured with a Thomson-scattering diagnostic, and CT lifetime, more than doubled in the optimal configuration tested. Temperature and density profiles become more centrally peaked with biasing. In contrast to previous biasing experiments, a significant reduction in electron density was observed; this may be due to the effect of a transport barrier impeding CT fueling and associated cooling, where, as verified by MHD simulation, a principal fueling source is neutral gas that remains concentrated around the gas valves after CT formation.
A decoupling property of some Poisson structures on Matn×d(C)×Matd×n(C) supporting GL(n,C)×GL(d,C) Poisson–Lie symmetry
Authors: Fairon M. , Fehér L.
Published: March 2021

We study a holomorphic Poisson structure defined on the linear space S(n,d)≔Matn×d(C)×Matd×n(C) that is covariant under the natural left actions of the standard GL(n,C) and GL(d,C) Poisson–Lie groups. The Poisson brackets of the matrix elements contain quadratic and constant terms, and the Poisson tensor is non-degenerate on a dense subset. Taking the d = 1 special case gives a Poisson structure on S(n, 1), and we construct a local Poisson map from the Cartesian product of d independent copies of S(n, 1) into S(n, d), which is a holomorphic diffeomorphism in a neighborhood of 0. The Poisson structure on S(n, d) is the complexification of a real Poisson structure on Matn×d(C) constructed by the authors and Marshall, where a similar decoupling into d independent copies was observed. We also relate our construction to a Poisson structure on S(n, d) defined by Arutyunov and Olivucci in the treatment of the complex trigonometric spin Ruijsenaars–Schneider system by Hamiltonian reduction.
Observation of photon-mode decoupling in a strongly coupled multimode microcavity
Authors: Georgiou Kyriacos , McGhee Kirsty E. , Jayaprakash Rahul , Lidzey David G.
Published: March 2021

We have fabricated organic semiconductor microcavities having an extended optical path-length (up to 2 µm) that contain J-aggregates of a cyanine dye. These structures are studied using optical-reflectivity and are found to be characterized by a series of polaritonic modes. By changing the effective oscillator strength of the dye within the cavity, we evidence a transition from “normal” strong coupling in which the photon modes are coupled to one another via the excitonic transition of the molecular dye to a state in which photon-modes become decoupled. We use an eight-level modified Hamiltonian to describe the optical properties of the system and compare the distribution of the confined optical field in coupled and decoupled structures.
The role of three-dimensional bulk clusters in determining surface morphologies of intermetallic compounds: Quasicrystals to clathrates
Authors: Gaudry É. , Ledieu J. , Fournée V.
Published: March 2021

Nanostructured alloy surfaces present unique physical properties and chemical reactivities that are quite different from those of the close-packed low-index surfaces. This can be beneficial for the design of new catalysts and electronic and data-storage devices. However, the growth of such surface nanostructures is not straightforward at the atomic scale. The cluster-based bulk structure of intermetallic compounds presents an original alternative to build surfaces with specific morphologies, in comparison to more traditional methods based on mechanical, chemical, or plasma treatments. It relies on their specific electronic structures—built from a network of bonds with a combination of ionic, covalent-like, and metallic characters, and also depends on the experimental conditions. In this paper, a few surface structures of cluster-based intermetallics are reviewed, with a special emphasis on quasicrystals and clathrates. We show how the intrinsic electronic properties of such compounds, as well as the surface preparation conditions, impact their surface morphologies, which can further influence the growth of atomic and molecular thin films at their surface.
Rational design of hydrogen and nitrogen co-doped ZnO for high performance thin-film transistors
Authors: Abliz Ablat , Xue Xiongxiong , Liu Xingqiang , Li Guoli , Tang Liming
Published: March 2021

This work investigates the effect of nitrogen and hydrogen (N/H) co-doping on the performance of ZnO thin-film transistors (TFTs). Optimum N/H co-doped ZnO TFTs showed high field-effect mobility (25.5 cm2 Vs−1) and Ion/Ioff (107) and low sub-threshold slope (0.25 V/dec.) and threshold voltage (1.2 V). X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS) and low-frequency noise analysis suggest that the observed improved electrical performance may be attributed to the reduction of the defect concentration and the average interface trap density due to the occupation of the NO–H complex on the oxygen vacancy and Zn interstitials. Moreover, density functional theory calculation and XPS band structure results demonstrate that the N/H co-doped ZnO film slightly changed the valence band maximum energy offset, indicating that the N/H co-doping controlled the carrier concentration of the ZnO film due to the formation of neutral complex N–H states. The enhanced electrical performance of the N/H co-doped ZnO TFT shows significant potential for the use of low-cost thin film electronic applications.
Using machine learning to predict statistical properties of non-stationary dynamical processes: System climate,regime transitions, and the effect of stochasticity
Authors: Patel Dhruvit , Canaday Daniel , Girvan Michelle , Pomerance Andrew , Ott Edward
Published: March 2021

We develop and test machine learning techniques for successfully using past state time series data and knowledge of a time-dependent system parameter to predict the evolution of the “climate” associated with the long-term behavior of a non-stationary dynamical system, where the non-stationary dynamical system is itself unknown. By the term climate, we mean the statistical properties of orbits rather than their precise trajectories in time. By the term non-stationary, we refer to systems that are, themselves, varying with time. We show that our methods perform well on test systems predicting both continuous gradual climate evolution as well as relatively sudden climate changes (which we refer to as “regime transitions”). We consider not only noiseless (i.e., deterministic) non-stationary dynamical systems, but also climate prediction for non-stationary dynamical systems subject to stochastic forcing (i.e., dynamical noise), and we develop a method for handling this latter case. The main conclusion of this paper is that machine learning has great promise as a new and highly effective approach to accomplishing data driven prediction of non-stationary systems.
Interfacial symmetry breaking induced spin-orbit coupling in wurtzite GaN nanowires
Authors: Liu Xingchen , Guan Hongming , Tang Ning , Lv Yuanjie , Chen Ling , Zhang Xiaoyue , Zhang Shixiong , Zhang Yunfan , Wang Xinqiang , Ge Weikun , Shen Bo
Published: March 2021

The interfacial asymmetry-induced spin–orbit coupling (SOC) has a distinct effect on the spin relaxation and gate manipulation of spintronic devices. However, it is hard to separate the contributions from the interface and bulk by commonly used techniques, such as weak antilocalization and time-resolved Kerr rotation. Owing to the different distribution of the effective magnetic field in the momentum space, the SOC originated from the interfacial effect and the wurtzite structure inversion asymmetry (WSIA) could be distinguished by circular photo-galvanic effect (CPGE) measurements. In this work, the angle and external gate-voltage dependences of the interfacial SOC in GaN nanowires (NWs) were investigated using the CPGE. The interfacial SOC-induced CPGE shows a twofold degeneracy, while the removal of the sixfold degeneracy is attributed to the asymmetrical optical absorption. Furthermore, the interfacial SOC-induced CPGE shows a weak dependence on the external gate voltage, which is totally different from the WSIA-related SOC. This result is consistent with the clarification that the interfacial asymmetry originates from the Fermi level pinning at the GaN NW sidewall surfaces, thus clearly illustrating the special distribution and gate dependences of the interfacial SOC, which is critical for the design of spintronic devices based on GaN NWs.
Tunable vacuum ultraviolet cross-luminescence from KMgF under high pressure as potential fast-response scintillator
Authors: Cadatal-Raduban Marilou , Yamanoi Kohei , Yoshikawa Akira , Yokota Yuui , Shimizu Toshihiko , Sarukura Nobuhiko , Togashi Tadashi , Kondo Akira , Luong Mui Viet
Published: March 2021

We report on the potential of the potassium magnesium fluoride (KMgF) crystal as a fast-response scintillator with tunable cross-luminescence (CL) emission wavelength through high-pressure applications. By performing first-principles density functional theory calculations using the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE) hybrid functional including exact exchange (PBE0) and Green’s function and screened Coulomb interaction approximation as implemented in the Vienna Ab initio Simulation Package using plane-wave basis sets within the projector-augmented wave method, we identify the specific valence-to-core band transition that results in the experimentally observed CL emission at 148 nm (8.38 eV) and 170 nm (7.29 eV) wavelengths with intrinsically fast decay times of 290 ps and 210 ps, respectively. Uniform volume compression through hydrostatic high-pressure applications could decrease the energy gap between the valence and core bands, potentially shifting the CL emission wavelength to the ultraviolet (UV) region from 200 nm (6.2 eV) to 300 nm (4.1 eV). The ability to tune and shift the CL emission to UV wavelengths allows for the detection of the CL emission using UV-sensitive photodetectors in ambient atmosphere instead of highly specialized vacuum UV detectors operating in vacuum while maintaining the intrinsically fast CL decay times, thereby opening up new possibilities for KMgF as a fast-response scintillator.
Stimulated Raman scattering signal amplification in ethanol molecules via resonant cascading
Authors: Wang Ying , Fang Wenhui , Bhowmick Mithun , Sun Chenglin , Men Zhiwei
Published: March 2021

Lowering threshold and enhancing intensity of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) have been a major focus of nonlinear optics. In our experiments, we combined SRS generation and amplification techniques to enhance the SRS signal. The amplification was achieved through a process called resonance effect, where the frequency difference between the pump laser and the Stokes light emitted from the working medium had self-matched with the vibrational energy level. The performance improvements included a higher SRS conversion efficiency, reaching up to 5.31%, approximately three times the value of a single sample cell efficiency of 1.739%, and realization of a cascaded SRS up to four orders extending from 461 to 997 nm. These Stokes and anti-Stokes coherent lights were generated coaxially to the pump beam as axial and conical ring beams, respectively, which can be explained by the four-wave mixing. This technique has the potential to contribute to the development of a multi-wavelength cascade Raman laser.
Full molecular dynamics simulations of molecular liquids for single-beam spectrally controlled two-dimensional Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Jo Ju-Yeon , Tanimura Yoshitaka
Published: March 2021

Single-beam spectrally controlled (SBSC) two-dimensional (2D) Raman spectroscopy is a unique 2D vibrational measurement technique utilizing trains of short pulses that are generated from a single broadband pulse by pulse shaping. This approach overcomes the difficulty of 2D Raman spectroscopy in dealing with small-signal extraction and avoids complicated low-order cascading effects, thus providing a new possibility for measuring the intramolecular and intermolecular modes of molecular liquids using fifth-order 2D Raman spectroscopy. Recently, for quantitatively investigating the mode–mode coupling mechanism, Hurwitz et al. [Opt. Express 28, 3803 (2020)] have developed a new pulse design for this measurement to separate the contributions of the fifth- and third-order polarizations, which are often overlapped in the original single-beam measurements. Here, we describe a method for simulating these original measurements and the new 2D Raman measurements on the basis of a second-order response function approach. We carry out full molecular dynamics simulations for carbon tetrachloride and liquid water using an equilibrium–nonequilibrium hybrid algorithm, with the aim of explaining the key features of the SBSC 2D Raman spectroscopic method from a theoretical point of view. The predicted signal profiles and intensities provide valuable information that can be applied to 2D spectroscopy experiments, allowing them to be carried out more efficiently.
An off-lattice Boltzmann method for blood flow simulation through a model irregular arterial stenosis: The effects of amplitude and frequency of the irregularity
Authors: Sakthivel M. , Anupindi Kameswararao
Published: March 2021

In this work, a finite-difference-based axisymmetric off-lattice Boltzmann solver is developed to simulate blood flow through pathological arteries. The proposed solver handles arterial geometries using a body-fitted curvilinear mesh. The axisymmetric nature of the flow and the non-Newtonian behavior of blood are incorporated using external source terms. The solver is verified for spatially developing pulsatile inflow through an abdominal aortic aneurysm using reference data from literature. Thereafter, the effects of amplitude and frequency of an irregular-shaped stenosed artery are systematically studied. The results are analyzed using the instantaneous vorticity contours, streamlines, cycle-averaged and phase-averaged profiles of wall shear stress (WSS), and oscillatory shear index. Further, the correlation between the luminal surface concentration (LSC) of low-density lipoproteins and the WSS is studied to predict potential disease initiation and progression locations. It is noted that an increase in the amplitude of irregularity of the stenosis increases the magnitudes of maxima and minima of WSS profiles without altering their locations. On the other hand, an increase in the frequency of irregularity increases the magnitudes of WSS extrema while bringing the peaks closer together. Further, a positive correlation is found between the degree of irregularity as well as the number of locations of elevated LSC. The presence of irregularity creates additional vortices in the upstream section of the stenosis. Both the upstream and downstream sections of the stenosis are subjected to the opposing shear-layers with higher magnitudes, which may lead to endothelial damage. Finally, the shear-thinning effect of blood is studied using the power-law model. The magnitudes of the maxima and minima in WSS have a lower value for the shear-thinning model than the Newtonian case. Also, the vortices that were produced in the upstream section because of the irregularity get suppressed by the shear-thinning effect of the blood.
Ice, glass, and solid phases in artificial spin systems with quenched disorder
Authors: Shi Yifei , Nisoli Cristiano , Chern Gia-Wei
Published: March 2021

We present a numerical study on a disordered artificial spin-ice system, which interpolates between the long-range ordered square ice and the fully degenerate shakti ice. Starting from the square-ice geometry, disorder is implemented by adding vertical/horizontal magnetic islands to the center of some randomly chosen square plaquettes of the array at different densities. When no island is added, we have ordered square ice. When all square plaquettes have been modified, we obtain shakti ice, which is disordered yet in a topological phase corresponding to the Rys F-model. In between, geometrical frustration due to these additional center spins disrupts the long-range Ising order of square ice, giving rise to a spin-glass regime at low temperatures. The artificial spin system proposed in our work provides an experimental platform to study the interplay between quenched disorder and geometrical frustration.
Short-range DFT energy correction to multiconfigurational wave functions for open-shell systems
Authors: Rodríguez-Jiménez José Aarón , Carreras Abel , Casanova David
Published: March 2021

Electronic structure methods emerging from the combination of multiconfigurational wave functions and density functional theory (DFT) aim to take advantage of the strengths of the two nearly antagonistic theories. One of the common strategies employed to merge wave function theory (WFT) with DFT relies on the range separation of the Coulomb operator in which DFT functionals take care of the short-distance part, while long-range inter-electronic interactions are evaluated by using the chosen wave function method (WFT–srDFT). In this work, we uncover the limitations of WFT–srDFT in the characterization of open-shell systems. We show that spin polarization effects have a major impact on the (short-range) DFT exchange energy and are of vital importance in order to provide a balanced description between closed and open-shell configurations. We introduce different strategies to account for spin polarization in the short range based on the definition of a spin polarized electron density and with the use of short-range exact exchange. We test the performance of these approaches in the dissociation of the hydrogen molecule, the calculation of energy gaps in spin-triplet atoms and molecular diradicals, and the characterization of low-lying states of the gallium dimer. Our results indicate that the use of short-range DFT correlation in combination with a (full-range) multiconfigurational wave function might be an excellent approach for the study of open-shell molecules and largely improves the performance of WFT and WFT–srDFT.
Self-consistent construction of bridge functional based on the weighted density approximation
Authors: Yagi Tomoaki , Sato Hirofumi
Published: March 2021

A parameter-free bridge functional is presented using a weighted density approximation (WDA). The key point of this scheme is the utilization of Baxter’s relation connecting the second-order direct correlation function (DCF) to the higher-order DCF with the density derivative. The free energy density required for the WDA is determined in a self-consistent manner using Baxter’s relation and Percus’s test particle method. This self-consistent scheme enables us to employ any type of potential model for simple liquids. The new functional is applied to calculate density distribution functions for the inhomogeneous fluids interacting via the hard-sphere, Lennard-Jones, and hard-core Yukawa potentials under an external field from a planar wall and a slit pore.
Multiscale instabilities of Magnus–Robins effect for compressible flow past rotating cylinder
Authors: Sundaram Prasannabalaji , Sengupta Tapan K. , Sengupta Aditi , Suman Vajjala K.
Published: March 2021

In the present research, the instability suffered by flow past a rotating cylinder with very high rotation rates is studied. Special emphasis is given on exploring the effects of compressibility by solving two-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations. The first account of this instability has been provided in “T. K. Sengupta, K. Gupta, and M. T. Nair, “Lift generation and limiting mechanism via unsteady flow development for Magnus-Robins effect,” Proceedings of the 8th Asian Congress of Fluid Mechanics, Shenzhen, China (1999).” Subsequently, there have been other efforts on the same with different numerical models based on incompressible and compressible flow formulation. Apart from the efforts reported by the present group, other reported results did not identify this as a phenomenon of flow instability. The perceived temporal variations of lift and drag by both the incompressible and compressible flow formulation have been correlated with each other, without highlighting the role of compressibility in triggering the flow instability. Here, we report the sensitive dependence of the temporal instability on the accuracy of the simulation for the growth of the disturbance field during the transient monotonic variations of lift and drag. Of specific interest is the role of compressibility in promoting the disturbance growth and limiting the maximum lift that is generated. The compressibility effects have been incorporated by considering lower Mach numbers for the oncoming uniform flow, so that nowhere in the flow field there is the formation of a supersonic pocket.
NGS-based multiplex assay of trait-linked molecular markers revealed the genetic diversity of Iranian bread wheat landraces and cultivars
Authors: Rabieyan Ehsan , Alipour Hadi
Published: March 2021

NGS-based multiplex assay has accomplished a valuable status as a means of high throughput research, rapid screening functional markers in wheat breeding programs. Accordingly, we applied a total of 42 locus-specific markers from Indel and SNP-mediated categorisations coupled with the agronomic important genes or quantitative trait loci (QTL) in bread wheat. The amplicons were analysed by an Ion Torrent Proton Sequencer. Then, an allele detection custom pipeline was applied to process the genotype of a total of 99 Iranian cultivars and 270 landraces. On the whole, 29 markers were positively incorporated and achieved 100% SNP call rates. Assessment of sequence-tagged site (STS) and competitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers concerning the same loci confirmed the genotype calls of all markers altogether. It was revealed that the Iranian cultivars and landraces supply a rich genetic resource capable of resisting Hessian fly, leaf rust, fusarium head blight, adult plant leaf diseases, stem rust, wheat soilborne mosaic virus, wheat streak mosaic, pre-harvest sprouting, high grain protein, and gluten strength traits. This finding can be developed to improve and enrich bread wheat. Further, it is advocated that NGS-based multiplex assay can be a promising approach for high throughput in examining trait-linked markers in wheat germplasm collections.
Speed breeding in pulses: an opportunity to improve the efficiency of breeding programs
Authors: Cazzola Federico , Bermejo Carolina Julieta , Gatti Ileana , Cointry Enrique
Published: March 2021

Pulses form an important component of the human diet, provide animal feed, and replenish soil fertility through biological nitrogen fixation. However, pulse breeding is a time consuming process. Most of the traditional breeding programs take 10–15 years to release an improved cultivar. In the breeder’s equation, a model of the expected change in a trait in response to selection, cycle time is the most powerful parameter for increasing genetic gain. Shuttle breeding, double haploids and in vitro culture are some of the methodologies that have been developed; however, they have not been able to be implemented efficiently in the breeding programs for pulses. In this context, speed breeding emerges as a technology that allows increased efficiency of the programs, reducing costs and the work required. The technique uses optimal light quality, light intensity, daylength and temperature control to accelerate photosynthesis and flowering, coupled with early seed harvest. It can be integrated with other breeding technologies, does not include transgenesis or gene editing, and is presented as a revolution to increase the efficiency of the programs. We present different advances in pulse breeding programs and propose a speed breeding system for pea (Pisum sativum L.) that includes hybridisations and advancing generations in a growth chamber. This review concludes by highlighting the opportunities and challenges to incorporating speed breeding into pulse breeding programs.
Turtle density around Mussau Island, Papua New Guinea: with notes on the practicality of in-water distance sampling
Authors: Anota Azalea , Whitmore Nathan
Published: March 2021

Despite sea turtles in Papua New Guinea being culturally important and heavily harvested, no in-country density estimates have been previously established. We provide the first estimates of sea turtle density in Papua New Guinea from two locations around Mussau Island where turtle consumption is banned due to religious beliefs. We obtained density estimates using a low-cost, in-water distance sampling method. Our monitoring shows that the island has a high density of sea turtles (almost exclusively Chelonia mydas). At Lolieng, a site with a steep reef drop off, we recorded a mean of 7.4 turtles ha−1 (s.d. = 2.6) at the reef crest during low tide (across all sampling occasions), which is comparable to high density sites globally. By comparison, we recorded a much lower estimate of 1.1 turtles ha−1 (s.d. = 0.4) at Nae, a site with an extensive, low profile reef system. Additionally, our modelling shows that tidal cycle is an essential covariate for assessing sea turtle density for in-water distance sampling. We advocate that Papua New Guinea needs to invest in long-term monitoring at a national scale to track the sustainability of this important cultural resource, and that in-water distance sampling is a low cost monitoring method that potentially could be used for this purpose albeit subject to certain caveats.
Noncanonical immune response to the inhibition of DNA methylation by Staufen1 via stabilization of endogenous retrovirus RNAs
Authors: Ku Yongsuk , Park Joo-Hwan , Cho Ryeongeun , Lee Yongki , Park Hyoung-Min , Kim MinA , Hur Kyunghoon , Byun Soo Young , Liu Jun , Lee Young-suk , Shum David , Shin Dong-Yeop , Koh Youngil , Cho Je-Yoel , Yoon Sung-Soo , Hong Junshik , Kim Yoosik
Published: March 2021

Significance

Understanding the working mechanism of a chemotherapy drug is a critical step toward achieving the patient-specific treatment strategy. Decitabine is an FDA-approved drug being used to treat myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we employed an image-based screening platform to investigate the downstream factors of decitabine. We find that an RNA-binding protein Staufen1 (Stau1) is required for decitabine-mediated cancer cell death. We show that Stau1 stabilizes endogenous retrovirus RNAs induced by decitabine and transforms cells into the viral mimicry state. Indeed, MDS/AML patients with lower Stau1 expression show inferior response to decitabine. Our study unravels stabilization of key regulatory RNAs by Stau1 and suggests its potential use to predict decitabine-mediated therapy outcomes in clinics.
Evidence-gathering in police interviews
Authors: Filipović Luna
Published: March 2021

In this chapter I discuss the many complexities that police officers have to deal with in their communication with
suspects. Investigative interviewing is a very complex communicative situation in itself, with a number of different psychological
and sociological variables at play during each interview. In addition, suspect interviews bring about an additional dimension of
complexity, which is driven by the fact that a basic principle of conversation, cooperation (Grice 1975) is often not respected and is sometimes severely and purposefully violated,
for example when suspects are guilty and want to obscure that very fact or when they believe that their situation would worsen if
they cooperated with the police. A further layer of complexity is added when the interviews are carried out via an interpreter,
where the fact that the officer and the suspect speak different languages during the interview creates additional barriers to
straightforward communication.

In the present chapter, I identify a number of points at which communication difficulties are encountered in this
highly sensitive legal context. For this purpose, I analyse authentic interview datasets provided by two UK police constabularies,
and also make comparisons with examples from transcripts of authentic US police interrogations. In addition, I highlight the
issues that arise when professional interpretation is not available and when bilingual police officers assume the dual role of
investigator-interpreter. Finally, I suggest possible solutions that can help remove the hurdles standing in the way of efficient and
accurate gathering of communication evidence.
Real people or mere numbers? The influence of kill-save ratios and identifiability on moral judgements (¿Personas reales o meros números? La influencia de la proporción vidas sacrificadas/vidas salvadas y la identificabilidad en los juicios morales)
Authors: Costa-Lopes Rui , Mata André , Mendonça Cristina
Published: March 2021

In moral dilemmas, decision-making can be based on more utilitarian or deontological reasoning. In two experimental studies, we manipulated the number of people to be sacrificed (1 to save 5 vs. 3 to save 5) and whether personalizing information about them was presented. Results provide the first evidence of how the effects of kill-save ratios and identifiability of the potential victims are contingent on one another. Specifically, this research shows that when individuating information about the potential victims is present in a trolley dilemma, participants are more reluctant to sacrifice three persons to save five than to sacrifice one person to save five. When such individuating information is not present, the acceptability of sacrificing the victims does not depend on their number.
Until There's Nothing Left: Caregiver Resource Provision to Youth with Opioid use Disorders
Authors: Ludwig Ariel , Monico Laura B. , Lertch Elizabeth , Schwartz Robert P. , Fishman Marc , Mitchell Shannon Gwin
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims

Despite the considerable literature associating certain characteristics of caregivers and family structures with risks of adolescent/young adult (youth) substance use, there has been little study of the role of caregivers in opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment outcomes. This qualitative study sought to understand and contextualize the factors that influenced the resources caregivers provided their youth after residential treatment.

Methods

In order to improve understandings of the role caregivers play both during and after residential OUD treatment, 31 caregivers of youth who were in a residential substance use disorder treatment center were interviewed at baseline, three-months, and six-months following their youth's discharge.

Results

This analysis focused on the provision of caregiver resources and identified three key influences – OUD understandings and expectations, relationships with youth, and the emotional toll on caregivers. This has important implications as residential treatment success rates are relatively low among this population.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that engagement of caregivers and families in outpatient care following residential treatment could offer an important opportunity for interventions that promote youth recovery.
Return of the Quaaludes? Prolonged Agitated Delirium after Intentional Ingestion of the Methaqualone Analog SL-164 – a Case Report
Authors: Romanek Katrin , Fels Helena , Dame Torsten , Skopp Gisela , Musshoff Frank , Eiglmeier Hans , Eyer Florian
Published: March 2021

Background

A 22-year-old male with a known history of drug abuse presented to our department with prolonged agitated delirium, myocloni, tachycardia and subfebrile temperature after the deliberate ingestion of opium poppy tea ( Papaver somniferum L.) together with the methaqualone analog SL-164 (5-chloro-3-(4-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-2-methyl-4( 3H)-quinazolinone) which is sold online as a designer drug.

Methods

SL-164 and its hydroxy metabolites were detected in serum and urine via liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS).

Results

The pronounced delirium was treated with benzodiazepines and neuroleptics; temporary medical restraint had to be applied. Symptoms completely resolved over the next 72 h and the patient was discharged on day three able to give consent.

Conclusions

Although methaqualone was a popular and widespread sedative in the 1950s and 60 s before its discontinuation in the USA in 1985, derivatives of the methaqualone class have not previously played a large role as drugs of abuse in the rapidly growing market of new psychoactive substances. To our knowledge, this is the first case of agitated delirium with detection of SL-164 and hydroxylated metabolites in a patient's serum and urine.