bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estágio como fonte de conhecimento ou mão-de-obra menos onerosa?
Authors: Pfischer Elisete Dahmer , Lorardi Joisse Antônio , Marian Sérgio , Nascimento Letícia Fátima , Pfischer Paulo César , Nascimento Michely
Published: November 2014

A interação entre a gestão de conhecimento e os estágios leva a uma avaliação dos procedimentos adotados pelas empresas concedentes. Os estagiários, por sua vez, esperam obter benefícios de ensino e aprendizagem, como também econômicos. Estes últimos na maioria das vezes ocorrem para subsidiar as despesas advindas da sua permanência na universidade. Contudo, quando iniciam a tão almejada etapa deestágio, normalmente a partir da 5ª fase, se deparam com uma realidade não esperada. Alguns são utilizados como  ubstitutos de outros funcionários, servindo assim como "mão-de-obra barata," pela não incidência dos encargos sociais. Notificase, entretanto, que a aplicação dos conhecimentos obtidos na academia pode proporcionar oportunidades profissionais aos acadêmicos, se existir uma melhor forma de monitoramento, integrando instituições de ensino e empresas.
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy as an Adjunct to Non‐Surgical Treatment of Aggressive Periodontitis: A Split‐Mouth Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Moreira André L. , Novaes Arthur B. , Grisi Márcio F. , Taba Mario , Souza Sérgio L. , Palioto Daniela B. , de Oliveira Paula G. , Casati Marcio Z. , Casarin Renato C. , Messora Michel R.
Published: November 2014

Background: The management of aggressive periodontitis (AgP) represents a challenge for clinicians because there are no standardized protocols for an efficient control of the disease. This randomized controlled clinical trial evaluated the effects of repeated applications of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) adjunctive to scaling and root planing (SRP) in patients with AgP.

Methods: Using a split‐mouth design, 20 patients with generalized AgP were treated with aPDT + SRP (test group) or SRP only (control group). aPDT was applied at four periods. All patients were monitored for 90 days. Clinical, microbiologic, and immunologic parameters were statistically analyzed.

Results: In deep periodontal pocket analysis (probing depth [PD] ≥7 mm at baseline), the test group presented a decrease in PD and a clinical attachment gain significantly higher than the control group at 90 days (P <0.05). The test group also demonstrated significantly less periodontal pathogens of red and orange complexes and a lower interleukin‐1β/interleukin‐10 ratio than the control group (P <0.05).

Conclusion: The application of four sessions of aPDT, adjunctive to SRP, promotes additional clinical, microbiologic, and immunologic benefits in the treatment of deep periodontal pockets in single‐rooted teeth in patients with AgP.
Prevalence and Predictive Factors for Peri‐Implant Disease and Implant Failure: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis
Authors: Daubert Diane M. , Weinstein Bradley F. , Bordin Sandra , Leroux Brian G. , Flemmig Thomas F.
Published: November 2014

Background: Long‐term studies worldwide indicate that peri‐implant inflammation is a frequent finding and that the prevalence of peri‐implantitis correlates with loading time. Implant loss, although less frequent, has serious oral health and economic consequences. An understanding of predictive factors for peri‐implant disease and implant loss would help providers and patients make informed decisions.

Methods: A cross‐sectional study was performed on 96 patients with 225 implants that were placed between 1998 and 2003. Implant placement data were collected from patient records, and patients presented for a clinical and radiographic follow‐up examination. Implant status and periodontal status were determined, the data were analyzed to determine the prevalence of peri‐implant disease or implant loss, and a predictive model was tested.

Results: The mean follow‐up time for the patients was 10.9 years. The implant survival rate was 91.6%. Peri‐implant mucositis was found in 33% of the implants and 48% of the patients, and peri‐implantitis occurred in 16% of the implants and 26% of the patients. Individuals with peri‐implantitis were twice as likely to report a problem with an implant as individuals with healthy implants. Peri‐implantitis is associated with younger ages and diabetes at the time of placement and with periodontal status at the time of follow‐up. Implant loss is associated with diabetes, immediate placement, and larger‐diameter implants.

Conclusions: One in four patients and one in six implants have peri‐implantitis after 11 years. The data suggest that periodontal and diabetes status of the patient may be useful for predicting implant outcomes.
Advanced Glycation End Products Upregulate the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells
Authors: Xu Jie , Xiong Ming , Huang Bin , Chen Huangqin
Published: November 2014

Background: The accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) appears to be the main factor responsible for modulating periodontal inflammation in diabetes. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of AGEs on inflammation in human periodontal ligament cells and to investigate the mechanism with a specific emphasis on the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress–induced nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) pathway.

Methods: Cytotoxicity was measured by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The protein expressions of ER markers and NF‐κB were examined by Western blot analysis. The translocation of NF‐κB was observed by immunofluorescence assay. Proinflammatory chemokine production was determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.

Results: Treatment with AGEs reduced cell viability in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner. AGEs induced ER stress, as evidenced by survival molecules, such as glucose‐regulated protein 78 (GRP78), double‐stranded RNA‐activated protein kinase–like ER kinase (PERK), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF‐6), and apoptotic molecules, such as CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and caspase 12. AGEs upregulated the nucleoprotein expression of NF‐κB, enhanced translocation of NF‐κB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, and increased the production of proinflammatory chemokines interleukin‐6 and interleukin‐8.

Conclusion: AGEs mediate inflammation of human periodontal ligament cells via the ER stress–induced NF‐κB pathway.
Histologic Healing Following Tooth Extraction With Ridge Preservation Using Mineralized Versus Combined Mineralized‐Demineralized Freeze‐Dried Bone Allograft: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Borg Tyler D. , Mealey Brian L.
Published: November 2014

Background: Mineralized and demineralized freeze‐dried bone allografts (FDBAs) are used in alveolar ridge (AR) preservation; however, each material has advantages and disadvantages. Combinations of allografts aimed at capitalizing on the advantages each offers are available. To date, there is no evidence to indicate if a combination allograft is superior in this application. The primary objective of this study is to histologically evaluate and compare healing of non‐molar extraction sites grafted with either mineralized FDBA or a 70:30 mineralized:demineralized FDBA combination allograft in AR preservation. The secondary objective is to compare dimensional changes in ridge height and width after grafting with these two materials.

Methods: Forty‐two patients randomized into two equal groups received ridge preservation with either 100% mineralized FDBA (active control group) or the combination 70% mineralized: 30% demineralized allograft (test group). Sites were allowed to heal for 18 to 20 weeks, at which time core biopsies were obtained and dental implants were placed. AR dimensions were evaluated at the time of extraction and at implant placement, including change in ridge width and change in buccal and lingual ridge height. Histomorphometric analysis was performed to determine percentage of vital bone, residual graft, and connective tissue/other non‐bone components.

Results: There was no significant difference between groups in AR dimensional changes. Combination allograft produced increased vital bone percentage (36.16%) compared to the FDBA group (24.69%; P = 0.0116). The combination allograft also had a significantly lower mean percentage of residual graft particles (18.24%) compared to FDBA (27.04%; P = 0.0350).

Conclusions: This study provides the first histologic evidence showing greater new bone formation with a combination mineralized/demineralized allograft compared to 100% mineralized FDBA in AR preservation in humans. Combination allograft results in increased vital bone formation while providing similar dimensional stability of the AR compared to FDBA alone in AR preservation.
How Does Salinity Duration Affect Growth and Productivity of Cultivated Barley?
Authors: Hessini Kamel , Ferchichi Selma , Ben Youssef Salah , Werner Koyro Hans , Cruz Cristina , Gandour Mhemmed
Published: November 2014

Little is known about the ability of cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to recover from salt stress. In a pot experiment, barley plants (cultivar Lamsi) were treated with up to 200 mM NaCl for 0, 15, 30, 45 or 60 d. Plants were collected at the end of each of these salt‐treatment periods and at grain maturity. Plant growth, leaf organic and inorganic solutes, and some physiological and productivity parameters were determined. Salinity reduced fresh and dry weight, relative growth rate (RGR), leaf water potential, and osmotic potential at full turgor whereas it increased leaf Na+ and Cl− concentration and tissue rigidity. However, the adverse effect of salinity on plant growth was observed relatively late (after 15 d of salt treatment), suggesting that during the first period of treatment, the effect of salinity is osmotic rather than salt specific. Grain number per plant, and grain productivity (g plant−1) were more responsive to salinity than other assessed parameters. After stress removal, only seedling treated with up to 200 mM NaCl for 15 d could completely recover, whereas plants exposed to salinity for 30 d or longer were not able to recover. As a whole, osmotic adjustment and cell wall elasticity (CWE) represent important components for barley adaptation to salinity in a 15‐d time frame. However, they are not sufficient to provide increased barley salt tolerance under prolonged period of treatments.
Effect of Seed Mass and Emergence Delay on Soybean Yield and Quality
Authors: Mourtzinis Spyridon , Gaska John M. , Pedersen Palle , Conley Shawn P.
Published: November 2014

Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) growers are continuously looking at integrating low cost management strategies to increase soybean seed yield. Although the influence of the size of the seed (seed mass) on soybean seed yield and quality has been examined in the past, variable results coupled with modern genetics and agronomic practices (e.g., treated seed and decreased seeding rates) as well as increased seed cost have growers and crop consultants revisiting this question. Therefore the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of planted seed mass on days to emergence and their interaction on soybean seed yield, seed protein and oil content, and harvested seed mass using modern soybean genetics. Field trials were established at four locations across Wisconsin and Iowa in 2008 and 2009 for a total of eight environments. During the 2 yr of the experiment, there was no evidence that seed mass had an effect on soybean seed yield and quality characteristics. However, the seed mass by days to emergence interaction was significant for both soybean seed yield and quality. As seed mass increased and emergence delayed, the maximum observed yield loss reached 6.9 kg ha−1, the maximum oil increase reached 4 g kg−1, and maximum protein yield decrease reached 2.4 kg ha−1. Biologically these effects were considered of low practical importance. According to the results of this study, seed mass should not be a driving factor for farmers or consultants when selecting a soybean cultivar for maximum seed yield.
Locally derived system for cardiac operative risk evaluation
Authors: Mihajlovic Bogoljub , Mihajlovic Bojan , Panic Milica , Jarakovic Milana , Bjelica Snezana , Mironicki Melisa
Published: November 2014

Introduction. During the last two decades, many authors have found that
European Systems for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (additive and logistic
models) overestimate the risk in cardiac surgery. The new European model has
recently been introduced as an update to previous versions. The aim of the
study was to investigate the significance of locally derived system for
cardiac operative risk evaluation and to compare its predictive power with
the existing European systems. Material and Methods. For developing a local
risk prediction model, data from 2681 patients submitted to cardiac surgery
at the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Vojvodina have thoroughly been
collected. Logistic regression analysis was used to construct a local model
for prediction of outcome. The evaluation of the local model and three
European systems was performed by comparing the observed and expected
hospital mortality. Results. The difference between the predicted and
observed mortality regardless of the type of surgery was statistically
insignificant for the additive European system (p=0.073) and the local model
(p=0.134). The logistic European system overestimated the operative risk,
while the new European model underestimated mortality. In coronary surgery,
all models, except the logistic European system, performed well. In valvular
surgery, the new European model and the local model underestimated mortality
significantly, while the additive and logistic European models performed
well. In combined surgery, the new European system significantly
underestimated mortality (p=0.029), while the local model performed well
(p=0.252). Conclusion. The locally derived model shows satisfactory results,
with good calibration and discriminative power. The local model specifically
outperforms all other European systems in terms of discriminatory power in
combined surgery subset.
C-fos protein expression in the anterior amygdaloid area and nc. accumbens in the hypoxic rat brain
Authors: Babovic Sinisa , Zigic Sonja , Sakic Branislav
Published: November 2014

Introduction. By examining the production of c-Fos protein, we analyzed the
response to the ischemic attack in different brain tissue, two of which are
regions of the limbic system: the anterior amygdaloid area and nc.
accumbens. Material and Methods. We used the model of rat brain ischemia -
four-vessel occlusion, and Pulsinelli?s method. The rats were treated in two
ways, according to which they were divided into two groups: a total ischemia
(ligation of four blood vessels, i.e. electrocauterization of the vertebral
artery with bilateral ligation of the carotid artery - the so-called R-group
rats), and transient ischemic attack (ligation of four blood vessels, i.e.
electrocauterization of the vertebral artery, with mutual re-ligation of the
carotid arteries in the form of transient ischemia - the so-called T-group
rats, which can also be called ?pre-conditioned group?). Both groups had
their own control group. Conclusion. We have concluded that parts of the
brain with an important role for the survival have a strong expression of
c-fos gene.
Case report of Listeria monocytogenes meningoencephalitis in general hospital "Dr Radivoj Simonovic" Sombor
Authors: Delic Snezana , Brkic Snezana , Delic Aleksandar , Cirkovic Ivana
Published: November 2014

Introduction. Listeria monocytogenes is one of the most common causes of
bacterial central nervous system infections in adults. It often affects
immunicompromised and elderly patients. Even with appropriate antimicrobial
treatment, mortality due to Listeria monocytogenes meningoencephalitis is
among the highest of all causes of bacterial central nervous system
infections. Case report. We presented a previously healthy, 79-year-old
farmer with typical clinical features of meningoencephalitis. The initial
treatment with vancomycin and meropenem did not produce any clinical effect.
On day six, Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid
and blood culture and identified by using conventional and automated
microbiology methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by E
test method. After bacterial isolation and identification, the administration
of ampicillin and gentamicin was followed by the complete recovery of our
patient. Conclusion. This case is presented to emphasize the negative outcome
of empirical treatment when Listeria monocytogenes is not taken into
consideration. Furthermore, the administration of ampicillin and gentamicin
combination for treatment should be considered as the best therapeutic option
in Listeria monocytogenes meningoencephalitis.
Giant antrochoanal polyp: Case report and literature review
Authors: Canji Karol , Mitrovic Slobodan
Published: November 2014

Introduction. Antrochoanal polyp is a benign tumor of the maxillary sinus
mucosa passing through the sinus ostium into the nasal cavity. Nasal
obstruction is the most common symptom in all patients. Case Report. The
authors present a case of a 28-year old female who was admitted to hospital
with breathing difficulty, unilateral nasal secretion, headache and deformity
of the nasal pyramid. Computerized tomography examination of the nose and
paranasal sinuses indicated a possibility of giant antrochoanal polyp. The
antrochoanal polyp was extirpated completely using forceps, under general
endotracheal anesthesia. The length of the giant polyp was 16 cm. A follow-up
examination of the nose and the right maxillary sinus was performed using a
rigid endoscope, but no remains of the polyp were found. Conclusion. The
authors believe that this is probably the first or a very rare published case
of complete extirpation of a giant antrochoanal polyp of this size.
Drp1-Mediated Mitochondrial Abnormalities Link to Synaptic Injury in Diabetes Model
Authors: Huang Shengbin , Wang Yongfu , Gan Xueqi , Fang Du , Zhong Changjia , Wu Long , Hu Gang , Sosunov Alexander A. , McKhann Guy M. , Yu Haiyang , Yan Shirley ShiDu
Published: November 2014

Diabetes has adverse effects on the brain, especially the hippocampus, which is particularly susceptible to synaptic injury and cognitive dysfunction. The underlying mechanisms and strategies to rescue such injury and dysfunction are not well understood. Using a mouse model of type 2 diabetes (db/db mice) and a human neuronal cell line treated with high concentration of glucose, we demonstrate aberrant mitochondrial morphology, reduced ATP production, and impaired activity of complex I. These mitochondrial abnormalities are induced by imbalanced mitochondrial fusion and fission via a glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β)/dynamin-related protein-1 (Drp1)-dependent mechanism. Modulation of the Drp1 pathway or inhibition of GSK3β activity restores hippocampal long-term potentiation that is impaired in db/db mice. Our results point to a novel role for mitochondria in diabetes-induced synaptic impairment. Exploration of the mechanisms behind diabetes-induced synaptic deficit may provide a novel treatment for mitochondrial and synaptic injury in patients with diabetes.
Neuronal T-Cell Autoreactivity Is Amplified in Overweight Children With New-Onset Insulin-Requiring Diabetes
Authors: Buryk Melissa A. , Dosch H-Michael , Libman Ingrid , Arena Vincent C. , Huang Yihe , Cheung Roy K. , Trucco Massimo , Pietropaolo Massimo , Becker Dorothy J.
Published: November 2014

OBJECTIVE

Disease-associated T-cell autoreactivities are seen in most type 1 diabetic patients and are thought to emerge before islet autoantibodies, but host factors that impact autoimmune elements remain uncertain. We assessed if adiposity and measures of insulin sensitivity impact T- and B-cell autoimmunity in children with insulin-requiring diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Insulin-requiring children and adolescents diagnosed between January 2004 and June 2008 were studied (n = 261): age 9.7 ± 4 years, 92% white, and 60% male. T-cell responses to 10 diabetes-associated antigens, β-cell autoantibodies (GADA, IA-2A, IAA, and ICA), BMI z score (BMIz), and waist percentile were measured at onset and 3 months later.

RESULTS

All but one subject had either T- or B-cell autoimmunity. Diabetes-associated T-cell autoreactivities were found in 92% of subjects. Higher amplitude T-cell autoreactivities to neuronal diabetes-associated autoantigens were seen in those with the highest BMIz quintile, BMI ≥85th percentile (P < 0.05), and waist circumference ≥85th percentile (P < 0.05). There were no relationships between the number of T-cell reactivities or T-cell diversity with adiposity measures or autoantibody number or type. Patients with positive T-cell reactivities but without autoantibodies had the highest BMIz (P = 0.006).

CONCLUSIONS

Our observations link obesity and diabetes-related autoimmunity, suggesting an amplification of neuronal T-cell autoimmunity associated with adiposity and/or insulin resistance, with obesity-related inflammation possibly enhancing islet autoimmunity.
Use of Naturalistic Driving Data to Characterize Driver Behavior in Freeway Shockwaves
Authors: Chatterjee Indrajit , Davis Gary A.
Published: November 2014

Recent years have witnessed significant efforts in developing and evaluating vehicle-based passive and active safety systems to reduce traffic accidents. In addition, there is growing interest in the use of microscopic simulation models for evaluating operational strategies. Both activities require quantitative characterization of driver behavior in real-world situations. Historically, such characterizations have been difficult to obtain, but the data available from large-scale naturalistic driving studies (NDS) have the potential to change this situation. However, identifying relevant events from an NDS database and reducing the NDS data to estimate relevant features of the events are still something of a challenge. This study used freeway brake-to-stop events on congested freeways as examples to describe methods for identifying relevant events. It then estimated event features, such as initial speeds for leading and following vehicles, reaction times for leading and following drivers, and changes in the drivers’ braking rates. A suitably representative sample of such estimates could be used to support evaluation of vehicle-based safety countermeasures or provide inputs to traffic simulation models.
Combining Driving Performance Information in an Index Score
Authors: Babaee Seddigheh , Shen Yongjun , Hermans Elke , Wets Geert , Brijs Tom , Ariën Caroline
Published: November 2014

This study used data from a driving simulator to identify the best car drivers in a sample and gain insight about the most problematic behavior of each driver. To this end, 38 participants varying in age and gender were enrolled to take part in a particular simulator scenario, curve taking. Based on a review of the literature, a driver's speed, acceleration, and lateral position are the three most important driving performance indicators. In the simulations, the three indicators were monitored at points before, during, and after a curve. As a widely accepted tool for performance monitoring, benchmarking, and policy analysis, the concept of composite indicators, which combines single indicators into one index score, was employed. The technique of data envelopment analysis, which is an optimization model for measuring the relative performance of a set of decision-making units, or drivers in this study, was used for the index construction. On the basis of the results, best performers were distinguished from underperforming drivers. Moreover, by analyzing the weights allocated to each indicator from the model, the most problematic parameter (such as lateral position) and point along the curve (such as at curve end) were identified for each driver; this process led to specific driver improvement recommendations (such as training programs).
Prediction of Drivers’ Speed Behavior on Rural Motorways Based on an Instrumented Vehicle Study
Authors: Montella Alfonso , Pariota Luigi , Galante Francesco , Imbriani Lella Liana , Mauriello Filomena
Published: November 2014

Several studies have developed operating speed prediction models. Most of the models are based on spot speed data, collected by radar guns, pavement sensors, and similar mechanisms. Unfortunately, these data collection methods force the users to assume some invalid assumptions in driver behavior modeling: constant operating speed throughout horizontal curves and occurrence of acceleration and deceleration only on tangents. In this study, an instrumented vehicle with GPS continuous speed tracking was used to analyze driver behavior in terms of speed choice and deceleration or acceleration performance and to develop operating speed prediction models. The data used in the study were from a field experiment conducted in Italy on the rural motorway A16 (Naples–Avellino). Models were developed to predict operating speed in curves and tangents, deceleration and acceleration rates to be used in the operating speed profiles, starting and ending points of constant operating speed in a curve, 85th percentile of the deceleration and acceleration rates of individual drivers, and 85th percentile of the individual drivers’ maximum speed reduction in the tangent-to-curve transition. The study results showed that (a) the drivers’ speed was not constant along curves, (b) the individual drivers’ maximum speed reduction was greater than the operating speed difference in the tangent-to-curve transition, and (c) the deceleration and acceleration rates experienced by individual drivers were greater than the deceleration and acceleration rates used to draw operating speed profiles.
Integrating Behavioral Models in Network Operations
Authors: Frei Andreas , Mahmassani Hani S. , Zockaie Ali , Frei Charlotte
Published: November 2014

The main goal of the study was to integrate demand models into weather-responsive network traffic estimation and prediction system methodologies. The study examined the behavioral responses of travelers along several dimensions in response to weather-related transportation management strategies in conjunction with active travel demand management strategies before and during severe weather events. Specific management interventions included pretrip, information-based mode, and departure time choice adjustments, as well as policy-based rescheduling of school hours. The paper presents a case study of the Chicago, Illinois, area network under snow conditions to assess the effect of a combination of demand management strategies to maintain the same level of network performance as under clear weather conditions. A combination of earlier dissemination of information and school-opening policy resulted in a similar level of network performance maintained under a median snow day as compared with a clear weather day. The paper presents integrated supply and demand models for simulation and an assessment of demand management strategies in conjunction with weather-related congestion.
Evaluation of Truncated Arrow per Lane Guide Signs
Authors: Katz Bryan J. , Dagnall Erin E. , Bertola Mary Anne , O'Donnell Cara C. , Shurbutt Jim
Published: November 2014

Some freeway and expressway interchanges contain an interior option lane in which traffic in that lane can choose to exit or remain on the route at the split. The 2009 Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices requires that either the Overhead Arrow per Lane or the diagrammatic guide sign designs be used for all multilane exits at major interchanges that have an optional exit lane that also carries the through route. However, some practitioners believe that it is cost-prohibitive and unnecessary to install Overhead Arrow per Lane guide signs at minor interchanges. Given the benefits of Overhead Arrow per Lane guide signs, a condensed version of an Overhead Arrow per Lane guide sign is needed for use where a full Overhead Arrow per Lane guide sign is not a reasonable option. A truncated version of the sign, which could be displayed on existing cantilever structures, would eliminate the expense of installing larger structures while still reaping the benefits of the Arrow per Lane sign concept. This study identified five signing alternatives for potential use at minor and intermediate interchanges with multilane exits and an option lane. Participants viewed videos of either Overhead Arrow per Lane guide signs or one of the four truncated alternatives. Participants were asked to indicate which lanes they could use to exit in some scenarios and which to use to proceed through in other scenarios. Participants typically understood the alternatives that provided information about both through and exiting traffic (80% comprehension), whereas alternatives that provided information about exiting traffic, with little to no information about through traffic, resulted in relatively low comprehension (38%).
Novel Vehicle Motion Model considering Driver Behavior for Trajectory Prediction and Driving Risk Detection
Authors: Peng Liqun , Wu Chaozhong , Huang Zhen , Zhong Ming
Published: November 2014

Accurate prediction of vehicle motion status is critical for developing an advanced driver assistance system (ADAS), which can assess driving safety and detect dangerous scenarios in real time and in the near future. Although previous vehicle motion prediction models developed were mostly built on the basis of kinematic principles, driver behavior was largely ignored. Those models resulted in inaccurate trajectory predictions. To improve forecasting accuracy, the study reported here developed an improved vehicle motion model that includes consideration of both kinematic principles and real-time driver behavior. This improved vehicle motion model incorporates driver behavior into a constant acceleration (CA) model. Data on practical driver behavior, such as perception, identification, volition, and execution under traffic conditions and lane changes were collected. A quantitative approach based on a linear quadratic regulator optimal control method was used to acquire the driver's expected control input. In addition, a Kalman filter was applied to predict short-term vehicle motion, which was then used to analyze driving risks. Finally, CARSIM software was used to simulate driving scenarios. A Monte Carlo method was used to evaluate prediction accuracy and compare the results of the CA model and the improved vehicle motion model. The simulation results showed that the improved model can effectively simulate driver behavior in acceleration control by taking into full consideration the driver's volition and traffic environment. The proposed model yielded better predictions, provided an applicable way to improve the accuracy of vehicle motion prediction, and could be used to enhance the performance of ADAS.
Bicycles in Urban Areas
Authors: Twaddle Heather , Schendzielorz Tobias , Fakler Oliver
Published: November 2014

As the number of bicyclists in urban areas continues to increase, the need to realistically model the movement and interactions of bicyclists is rapidly gaining importance in the accurate modeling of mixed urban traffic. In response to this need, several approaches to modeling bicyclists’ movements and interactions have been developed. This study summarized selected modeling approaches that depict the state of the art in bicycle modeling. The overall modeling of bicycles was divided into modeling of uninfluenced operational and tactical behavior and influenced operational and tactical behavior. The ability to model bicyclist behavior on each of these levels was evaluated on the basis of the results of an extensive literature review and input from an expert workshop that included industry professionals and academics with extensive experience in traffic modeling. The results of the assessment indicate that although the approaches used to model uninfluenced and influenced behavior on the operational level vary in their level of detail and ability to reproduce reality correctly, it is possible to model most bicyclist behavior at this level. There is a need to validate and calibrate these models with empirical data collected from a variety of locations and traffic situations. The state of the art in modeling the tactical behavior of bicyclists is, however, less developed. It is important to model the uninfluenced and influenced tactical behavior of bicyclists accurately because bicycle behavior is less constrained by road markings and traffic regulations.
Racial and ethnic disparities in discharge to rehabilitation following traumatic brain injury
Authors: Meagher Ashley D. , Beadles Christopher A. , Doorey Jennifer , Charles Anthony G.
Published: November 2014

OBJECT

Disparities in access to inpatient rehabilitation services after traumatic brain injury (TBI) have been identified, but less well described is the likelihood of discharge to a higher level of rehabilitation for Hispanic or black patients compared with non-Hispanic white patients. The authors investigate racial disparities in discharge destination (inpatient rehabilitation vs skilled nursing facility vs home health vs home) following TBI by using a nationwide database and methods to address racial differences in prehospital characteristics.

METHODS

Analysis of discharge destination for adults with moderate to severe TBI was performed using National Trauma Data Bank data for the years 2007–2010. The authors performed propensity score weighting followed by ordered logistic regression in their analytical sample and in a subgroup analysis of older adults with Medicare. Likelihood of discharge to a higher level of rehabilitation based on race/ethnicity accounting for prehospital and in-hospital variables was determined.

RESULTS

The authors identified 299,205 TBI incidents: 232,392 non-Hispanic white, 29,611 Hispanic, and 37,202 black. Propensity weighting resulted in covariate balance among racial groups. Hispanic (adjusted OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.68–0.75) and black (adjusted OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.91–0.97) populations were less likely to be discharged to a higher level of rehabilitation than were non-Hispanic whites. The subgroup analysis indicated that Hispanic (adjusted OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.71–0.86) and black (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.81–0.94) populations were still less likely to receive a higher level of rehabilitation, despite uniform insurance coverage (Medicare).

CONCLUSIONS

Adult Hispanic and black patients with TBI are significantly less likely to receive intensive rehabilitation than their non-Hispanic white counterparts; notably, this difference persists in the Medicare population (age ≥ 65 years), indicating that uniform insurance coverage alone does not account for the disparity. Given that insurance coverage and a wide range of prehospital characteristics do not eliminate racial disparities in discharge destination, it is crucial that additional unmeasured patient, physician, and institutional factors be explored to eliminate them.
Management of C1–2 traumatic fractures using an intraoperative 3D imaging–based navigation system
Authors: Costa Francesco , Ortolina Alessandro , Attuati Luca , Cardia Andrea , Tomei Massimo , Riva Marco , Balzarini Luca , Fornari Maurizio
Published: November 2014

OBJECT

Fractures of C-1 and C-2 are complex and surgical management may be difficult and challenging due to the anatomical relationship sbetween the vertebrae and neurovascular structures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role, reliability, and accuracy of cervical fixation using the O-arm intraoperative 3D image–based navigation system.

METHODS

The authors evaluated patients who underwent a navigation system–based surgery for stabilization of a fracture of C-1 and/or C-2 from August 2011 to August 2013. All of the fixation screws were intraoperatively checked and their position was graded.

RESULTS

The patient population comprised 17 patients whose median age was 47.6 years. The surgical procedures were as follows: anterior dens screw fixation in 2 cases, transarticular fixation of C-1 and C-2 in 1 case, fixation using the Harms technique in 12 cases, and occipitocervical fixation in 2 cases. A total of 67 screws were placed. The control intraoperative CT scan revealed 62 screws (92.6%) correctly placed, 4 (5.9%) with a minor cortical violation (< 2 mm), and only 1 screw (1.5%) that was judged to be incorrectly placed and that was immediately corrected. No vascular injury of the vertebral artery was observed either during exposition or during screw placement. No implant failure was observed.

CONCLUSIONS

The use of a navigation system based on an intraoperative CT allows a real-time visualization of the vertebrae, reducing the risks of screw misplacement and consequent complications.
The Isolation of N-tert-Butyl-p-Toluidine Hydrochloride and the Synthesis of Mauveine
Authors: Plater M. John , Harrison William T.A.
Published: November 2014

Heating p-toluidine hydrochloride in tert-butanol gave a crystalline precipitate of N-tert-butyl- p-toluidine hydrochloride. This compound, now readily available by this simple procedure, was used to make mauveine, which was found by TLC analysis to be identical to authentic mauveine.
Solvent-free and One-pot Synthesis of Trisubstituted Methanes Containing Coumarin Catalysed by Yttrium(III) Nitrate
Authors: Khodabakhshi Saeed , Shahamirian Mozhgan , Baghernejad Mojtaba
Published: November 2014

A one-pot method has been developed for the synthesis of novel trisubstituted methanes containing coumarin by the reaction of 4-hydroxycoumarin with aryl glyoxal and benzamide under solvent-free conditions. The reactions were efficiently catalysed by yttrium(III) nitrate to afford corresponding products in moderate to good yields. The synthetic procedure is simple, inexpensive and environmentally friendly.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of New Substituted Ethylidenehydrazinylidene-1,3-thiazol-4-ones
Authors: Hassan Alaa A. , Mohamed Shaaban K. , Mohamed Nasr K. , El-Shaieb Kamal M. , Abdel-Aziz Mohamed , Abdel-Aziz Ahmed T.
Published: November 2014

A series of substituted ethylidenehydrazinylidene-1,3-thiazol-4-ones and dimethyl 2-{[4-1(-[5-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethylidene)-4-oxo-3-phenyl-1,3-(thiazolidin-2-ylidene]hydrazonylidene}ethyl)phenyl]aminofumarate were synthesised by condensation of substituted ethylidene- N-phenylhydrazinecarbothioamides with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate. The synthesised compounds were characterised by spectroscopic methods and confirmed by single crystal X-ray crystallography. Some of the prepared compounds were screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against different strains of microorganisms, compound 3b exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared to ciprofloxacin with MIC value of 1.12 μg mL−1.
An Efficient and Green Transesterification of Glycols into Cyclic Carbonates Catalysed by KF/Ca–Mg–Al Hydrotalcite
Authors: Hong Mei , Gao Lijing , Xiao Guomin
Published: November 2014

An efficient, convenient, and environmentally friendly method was developed for the transesterification of glycols into cyclic carbonates catalysed by 5 wt% KF/Ca–Mg–Al hydrotalcite. Using as a model the reaction of glycerol with dimethyl carbonate (DMC), various parameters such as molar ratios, catalyst type and amount, reaction temperature and solvent were studied to optimise the reaction. Then, using the optimal conditions, the formation of the corresponding cyclic carbonates via transesterification of ethylene, propylene and styrene glycols with DMC using KF/Ca–Mg–Al hydrotalcite as solid base catalyst were achieved in good to high yields in short reaction times. The catalyst was conveniently separated and reused for ten cycles without appreciable decrease in its activity.
Genotype by Environment Effects on Potato Mini-Tuber Seed Production in an Aeroponics System
Authors: Mateus-Rodriguez Julián , De Haan Stef , Rodríguez-Delfín Alfredo
Published: November 2014

In order to evaluate the environmental effect on plant development and mini-tuber production of a diverse group of potato genotypes grown under an aeroponic system, a G × E interaction experiment was carried out in greenhouses located at CIP’s experimental stations in La Molina (Lima) and Huancayo (Junín). Five contrasting environments were set-up and evaluated. A combined Analysis of Variance was performed for the variables “days to tuber set”, “days to senescence” and “plant height”. An Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) Analysis was performed for yield variables: mini-tuber “weight” and “number of mini-tubers” per plant. There was a high variation in all the responses to the treatments. “Days to tuber set” was influenced by genetic responses, temperature and greenhouse Photosynthetically Active Radiation intensity. Considerable increases in the length of the vegetative cycle and plant height were recorded for all genotypes, and these were particularly notable in the warmer coastal environments. AMMI analysis showed that yield variables were primarily influenced by the genotypic effect followed by the genotype by environment interaction effect. The Venturana variety (T2) was the best performing genotype with a total average mini-tuber “weight” of 644 g per plant while the Chucmarina variety (T1) performed best for the variable “number of mini-tubers” with an overall average of 60.2 mini-tubers per plant. Both showed stability across different environments for these variables. The advanced clones T3 (395434.1), T5 (397077.16) and T6 (397073.16) showed stability for yield variables, but their performance was below the overall average of the trial. It is recommended that the environment and management should ideally be tailored to the genotype as this will result in significant yield gains.
Functions of the Proteasome on Chromatin
Authors: McCann Tyler , Tansey William
Published: November 2014

The proteasome is a large self-compartmentalized protease complex that recognizes, unfolds, and destroys ubiquitylated substrates. Proteasome activities are required for a host of cellular functions, and it has become clear in recent years that one set of critical actions of the proteasome occur on chromatin. In this review, we discuss some of the ways in which proteasomes directly regulate the structure and function of chromatin and chromatin regulatory proteins, and how this influences gene transcription. We discuss lingering controversies in the field, the relative importance of proteolytic versus non-proteolytic proteasome activities in this process, and highlight areas that require further investigation. Our intention is to show that proteasomes are involved in major steps controlling the expression of the genetic information, that proteasomes use both proteolytic mechanisms and ATP-dependent protein remodeling to accomplish this task, and that much is yet to be learned about the full spectrum of ways that proteasomes influence the genome.
Dynamics and Control of Lateral Tower Vibrations in Offshore Wind Turbines by Means of Active Generator Torque
Authors: Zhang Zili , Nielsen Søren , Blaabjerg Frede , Zhou Dao
Published: November 2014

Lateral tower vibrations of offshore wind turbines are normally lightly damped, and large amplitude vibrations induced by wind and wave loads in this direction may significantly shorten the fatigue life of the tower. This paper proposes the modeling and control of lateral tower vibrations in offshore wind turbines using active generator torque. To implement the active control algorithm, both the mechanical and power electronic aspects have been taken into consideration. A 13-degrees-of-freedom aeroelastic wind turbine model with generator and pitch controllers is derived using the Euler–Lagrangian approach. The model displays important features of wind turbines, such as mixed moving frame and fixed frame-defined degrees-of-freedom, couplings of the tower-blade-drivetrain vibrations, as well as aerodynamic damping present in different modes of motions. The load transfer mechanisms from the drivetrain and the generator to the nacelle are derived, and the interaction between the generator torque and the lateral tower vibration are presented in a generalized manner. A three-dimensional rotational sampled turbulence field is generated and applied to the rotor, and the tower is excited by a first order wave load in the lateral direction. Next, a simple active control algorithm is proposed based on active generator torques with feedback from the measured lateral tower vibrations. A full-scale power converter configuration with a cascaded loop control structure is also introduced to produce the feedback control torque in real time. Numerical simulations have been carried out using data calibrated to the referential 5-MW NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) offshore wind turbine. Cases of drivetrains with a gearbox and direct drive to the generator are considered using the same time series for the wave and turbulence loadings. Results show that by using active generator torque control, lateral tower vibrations can be significantly mitigated for both gear-driven and direct-driven wind turbines, with modest influence on the smoothness of the power output from the generator.
Prevention of Diabetes after Gestational Diabetes: Better Translation of Nutrition and Lifestyle Messages Needed
Authors: O'Reilly Sharleen
Published: November 2014

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Gestational Diabetes (GDM) are important and escalating problems worldwide. GDM increases the risk of complications in pregnancy and birth, as well as a 1 in 2 chance of developing T2DM later in life. The burden of GDM extends to offspring, who have an increased risk of obesity and diabetes—further perpetuating the cycle of diabetes within families. Clinical trial evidence demonstrates T2DM incidence reduced by up to 50% for women with GDM with nutrition and physical activity changes and the economic modeling suggests cost effectiveness. The key diet-related changes to reduce T2DM risk are reviewed, in addition to breastfeeding. The difficulties associated with the delivery of dietary and lifestyle behaviour change to women after GDM are discussed and focus on: complex healthcare system interactions needed for care delivery; women finding postpartum self-care challenging; and low levels of awareness being present across the board. In addition, studies currently underway to improve care provision in this important area will be examined.
Barriers and Facilitators to Being Physically Active on a Rural U.S. Northern Plains American Indian Reservation
Authors: Jahns Lisa , McDonald Leander , Wadsworth Ann , Morin Charles , Liu Yan
Published: November 2014

The objective of the present study was to identify barriers to and facilitators of physical activity among American Indian adults living on a rural, U.S. Northern Plains reservation using the nominal group technique (NGT). NGT is a method of data generation and interpretation that combines aspects of qualitative (free generation of responses) and quantitative (systematic ranking of responses) methodologies. Adults participated in one of two NGT sessions asking about either barriers to (n = 6), or facilitators of (n = 5), being physically active. Participants nominated and ranked 21 barriers and 18 facilitators. Barriers indicated lack of knowledge of how to fit physical activity into a daily schedule, work, caring for family members, and prioritizing sedentary pursuits. Other responses included environmental barriers such as lack of access and transportation to a gym, unsafe walking conditions, and inclement weather. Facilitators to following recommendations included knowledge of health benefits of physical activity and the perception of physical activity as enjoyable, including feeling good when working out. Environmental facilitators included being outdoors walking and biking as well as parks and exercise facilities. Responses provided direction for locally designed community-based programs to promote facilitators and decrease barriers to individual’s engagement in physical activity.