bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early Intervention of 5% Albumin shown Superior Control of Vascular Integrity and Function Compared to Ringer’s Lactate in Hospitalized Adult with Grade I & II Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial in Indonesia
Authors: Bur Rika , Suwarto Suhendro , Pohan Herdiman T , Prihartono Joedo , Harahap Alida Roswita , Dewi Beti Ernawati , Sadikin Mohamad , Rachman Andhika , Yusuf Hadi
Published: May 2024

Background
Dengue virus remains a major public health problem with one of the hallmark pathologies is the vascular leakage caused by endothelial dysfunction which can lead to Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) manifestation. In the status quo, no specific therapy has been discovered but rather heavily relies on judicious and frequent monitoring of intravenous fluids administration. The current guideline has discussed the roles of fluid therapy during the Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS) stage, however, administration of early fluid intervention for DHF grade I and II remains uncharted territory. In addition, the choice and timing of colloid administration remains underexplored. As one of the widely available colloids, 5% albumin has known physiological properties that potentially minimize plasma leakage. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the benefit of early intervention of 5% albumin in adults with DHF in the hope of preventing the lethal progression to DSS and further, shorten the length of stay (LOS) for patients.
Methods
We conducted a multicenter, open-labeled, randomized controlled trial in Jakarta and Banten to compare the effect of early intervention with 5% albumin in adult patients with DHF compared to Ringer’s Lactate (RL). Statistical analyses were conducted using unpaired t-test and Mann-Whitney for normally and abnormally distributed data respectively.
Results
Adult patients with a diagnosis of DHF grade I and II that being hospitalized to receive the early intervention of 5% albumin had significantly lower levels of hemoconcentration 4, 12, and 24 hours (p = 0.002, 0.001, 0.003, respectively), higher platelet counts 4 hours (p = 0.036), higher serum albumin levels 48 hours (p = 0.036), lower proteinuria 24 and 48 hours post-albumin administration (p < 0.001, < 0.001, respectively), and shorter LOS (p < 0.001) when compared to the RL group.
Conclusion
Early intervention of 5% albumin showed better control on vascular integrity and function compared to ringer lactate in hospitalized adults with grade I & II DHF, thus halting the progression of DHF into DSS and other related complications which leads to faster recovery and shorter length of stay.
Trial Registration:
The study was registered to www.clinicaltrial.gov with trial registration number NCT04076254, and registration date October 31st 2016.
Proof of the association between adenovirus infection and appendicitis in children through pathological evidence
Authors: Lin Lung-Huang , Huang Chi-Jung , Lo Cheng-Yu , Lee Yu-Hsien
Published: May 2024

Appendicitis is inflammation and swelling of the appendix that can occur at any age. It can be caused by fecalith blocking the appendix entrance and has been associated with lamina propria thickening due to infection. Some reports have observed a relation between appendicitis and hyperplastic lymphoid tissue, which might be caused by infections like adenovirus, while others have linked adenovirus infection and appendicitis in children. This study retrospectively analyzed appendix tissue pathology from children who underwent appendectomy and more directly investigate the relation between adenovirus infection and appendicitis. We included 120 children under age 18 who underwent appendectomy in patients with appendicitis at Cathay General Hospital between January 2016 and January 2021. Adenovirus immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were analyzed to determine the positive rate of adenovirus in appendicitis. Thirty-one cases (25.8%) were positive for anti-adenovirus antibody IHC. qPCR was positive for adenovirus in 42 cases (35%). Eleven (9.2%) tested positive by both IHC and qPCR. Our pathological evidence directly confirms a relation between adenovirus infection and appendicitis. IHC and qPCR analyses confirmed evidence of adenovirus infection in patients with appendicitis. qPCR is as useful and reliable as IHC, and more sensitive, for diagnosing adenovirus in appendicitis.
Modified Bergman spaces on the unit ball of $\mathbb C^n$ and applications
Authors: Amor Hajer Ben , Ghiloufi Noureddine
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we introduce new spaces $\mathcal A^p_{a,b}(\mathbb B_n)$ of holomorphic functions on the unit ball $\mathbb{B}_{n}$ of $\mathbb{C}^{n}$ generalizing the classical Bergman spaces. We start by giving some properties of these spaces and the determination of the reproducing kernel in the case $p=2$, then we study the boundedness of the Bergman projections. Using the Berezin transform, a type of Bergman-Poincar\'e metric with an application on the space of bounded mean oscillation functions are given at the end of the paper.
2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. 47G10, 32A25, 32A36, 32A37.
Liquefaction Subsidence and Cyclic Loading as Design Factors for Stable Foundations in Deltaic Soils
Authors: Kennedy Charles , Udo Essien
Published: May 2024

The presence of high fines percentages in Deltaic soils near the surface necessitates consideration of the soil's engineering properties when designing structures for this environment. This study examines the fines content and engineering properties of soil in deltaic settings to ascertain potential risks associated with liquefaction and settlement issues. The findings reveal that the deeper layers of deltaic soil have a reduced plasticity and liquid limit, providing a more stable foundation with a lower susceptibility to liquefaction. Thus, deep foundations may be required in order to ensure the structural integrity of buildings during periods of cyclic loading and stress. Comprehensive foundation designs, such as the use of piles or caissons, are recommended in order to penetrate beyond the fine-grained surface layer. Moreover, particular attention should also be paid to soil improvement techniques, including compaction, grafting, or reinforcement, which can increase soil properties and therefore the load-bearing capacity and resistance to settlement. Ultimately, it is essential to comprehend the technical properties of soil to implement appropriate foundation designs. The higher concentrations of fines at the surface could lead to liquefaction and potentially reduced load capacities. Hence, deeper soil layers should be used as they present greater rigidity and improved fluid retention, helping to provide safer and more durable structures.
Study on the Ecological Environment quality and its driving factors of the Spatial Transformation of Production-Living-Ecological Space in Baishan City
Authors: huang jintao , Zhang Yichen , Zhang Jiquan , Qi Jiawei , Liu Peng
Published: May 2024

In order to strengthen the overall planning and coordination of urban construction and ecological space in Baishan City, we should formulate a scientific land type planning of Production-Living-Ecological Space (PLES). In this paper, land use dynamic attitude model, land use transfer matrix, land use function center of gravity transfer model, eco-environmental quality index(EEQI) and geographic detector model are used to discuss the spatio-temporal evolution of ternary spatial types in Baishan City from 2000 to 2020. Spatio-temporal evolution of EEQI and its influencing factors. The results show that: (1) During the study period, Baishan City showed the characteristics that the production space first increased and then decreased, the ecological space decreased, and the living space continued to increase. Among them, the ecological space is the dominant space of Baishan City, covering an area of more than 80%. From the perspective of the transformation of PLES, from 2000 to 2020, Baishan City is mainly characterized by the transformation of ecological space into production space and living space. In the second type of space, forage ecological space, forestry ecological space and other ecological space have decreased, while other types of space have increased in varying degrees. (2) During the study period, the overall EEQI of Baishan City remained in good condition, and the ecological environment quality(EEQ) of the three periods were 0.6571, 0.6412 and 0.6562 respectively. The higher EEQI is distributed in Changbai County and Linjiang City, while the areas with lower EEQI are concentrated in the north-central part of Hunjiang City, the middle part of Jiangyuan District and the northwest of Fusong County. (3) According to the analysis of the influencing factors of EEQ, the influence of the factors of spatial differentiation of EEQI in Baishan City changed significantly from 2000 to 2020, and the average annual rainfall was the core factor affecting the spatial differentiation of EEQ in Baishan City, the second is the urbanization rate and the distance from the county government, and the interaction between the average annual rainfall and the distance from the county government has a strong influence on the spatial differentiation of EEQ in Baishan City. This study reveals the evolution of spatial types and EEQ of PLES in Baishan City, and provides a scientific reference for the effective management and utilization of land resources in Baishan City.
The correlation among occupational stress, coping style and depressive symptoms in 2,083 Chinese manufacturing workers
Authors: Li Xiaoyi , Chen Huiqing , Liao Xiqing , Huang Manqi , Liu Xiaoman , Guo Yao , Chen Jiabin , Li Shuang
Published: May 2024

Background
This study aims to investigate the correlation among occupational stress, coping style and depressive symptoms in manufacturing workers of China.
Methods
A total of 2,083 workers from two manufacturing enterprises in Beijing City and four manufacturing enterprises in Guangdong Province are selected as study subjects using judgment sampling method. The occupational stress, coping style, and depression symptoms are accessed using the Core Occupational Stress Measurement Scale, Trait Coping Style Questionnaire and Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale, and we analyze the correlation among occupational stress, coping style and depressive symptoms.
Results
A total of 2,311 questionnaires are distributed, and 2,083 valid questionnaires are collected, with a valid questionnaire recovery rate of 90.1%. The average scores of occupational stress, positive coping style, negative coping style and depressive symptoms among the study subjects are 45.2, 31.7, 23.7 and 6.3, respectively. The detection rates of occupational stress and depressive symptoms are 29.5% (615/2,083) and 15.7% (327/2,083). Depressive symptoms are positively correlated with occupational stress and negative coping style (both P < 0.001), and negatively correlated with positive coping style (P < 0.001). Occupational stress is positively correlated with negative coping style (P < 0.001) and negatively correlated with positive coping style (P < 0.001). The four dimensions of occupational stress explained 15.7% of variation in depressive symptoms (P < 0.001). The inclusion of the two dimensions of coping style on the above basis can explain 19.5% of the variation in depressive symptoms (P < 0.001). Meanwhile, the four dimensions of occupational stress has a statistically significant effect on depressive symptoms (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
Occupational stress can directly affect the occurrence of depressive symptoms in manufacturing workers of China. Coping style moderates the effect of occupational stress on depressive symptoms. Positive coping style can help alleviate the adverse effects of occupational stress and reduce the risk of depressive symptoms.
Clinical impact of pneumomediastinum in patients with myositis-associated interstitial lung disease
Authors: Jung Junghee , Kim Min Jee , Yoo Bin , Lee Chang-Keun , Kim Yong-Gil , Hong Seokchan , Ahn Soo Min , Kim Ho Cheol
Published: May 2024

Background: Idiopathic inflammatory myositis (IIM) frequently coexists with interstitial lung disease (ILD), significantly impacting morbidity and mortality. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum, a complication of myositis-associated ILD, remains understudied regarding its clinical implications.
Method: We retrospectively reviewed patients diagnosed with myositis-associated ILD at Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea, from April 2012 to September 2023. Patients were categorized into two groups based on the presence or absence of spontaneous pneumomediastinum during the follow-up period.
Results: Among the 70 patients included in the study, the median age was 55.9 ± 12.2 years, with 62.9% being female. Pneumomediastinum developed in 12 (17.1%) patients. Clinical characteristics did not significantly differ between the pneumomediastinum and non-pneumomediastinum groups, except for the subtype of IIM. Notably, pneumomediastinum was observed in 11 (91.7%) patients with dermatomyositis and 1 (8.3%) with anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS), but none with polymyositis. Multivariate analysis revealed pneumomediastinum as a significant risk factor for mortality (hazard ratio: 2.829, 95% confidence interval: 1.100 – 7.270, p = 0.031) after adjusting for other variables. Patients with pneumomediastinum exhibited worse survival compared with patients without pneumomediastinum (median survival time: 77.7 ± 11.7 vs. 13.6 ± 3.7 months, p = 0.013).
Conclusion: Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is an independent risk factor for mortality in patients with myositis-associated ILD.
Virtual Reality for Assessing Emergency Medical Competencies in Junior Doctors – A Pilot Study
Authors: Keicher Franca , Backhaus Joy , König Sarah , Mühling Tobias
Published: May 2024

Background
The teaching and assessment of clinical-practical skills in medical education face challenges in adequately preparing students for professional practice, especially in handling emergency situations. This study aimed to evaluate the emergency medical competencies of junior doctors using Virtual Reality (VR)-based scenarios to determine their preparedness for real-world clinical situations.
Methods
Junior doctors with 0–6 months of professional experience participated in one of three VR-based emergency scenarios. These scenarios were designed to test competencies in emergency medical care. Performance was automatically assessed through a scenario-specific checklist, and participants also completed self-assessments and a clinical reasoning ability test using the Post-Encounter Form.
Results
Twenty-one junior doctors participated in the study. Results showed that while general stabilization tasks were performed well, there were notable deficiencies in disease-specific diagnostic and therapeutic actions. The average performance score was 65.6%, with no significant variance between different scenarios. Clinical reasoning ability was generally high (average 80.5%), indicating a robust ability to handle diagnostic decisions. Self-assessments did not correlate significantly with objective measures of competency, highlighting the subjective nature of self-evaluation.
Conclusion
VR-based simulations are effective for assessing emergency medical competencies in junior doctors, providing a detailed measure of their abilities across various emergency scenarios. The findings suggest that while participants are generally well-prepared for routine tasks, more focus is needed on complex case management. VR assessments could be an essential tool for evaluating and improving the readiness of new medical professionals for clinical practice.
Scedosporium boydii disseminated infection complicating severe SARS-CoV2 infection in an immunocompetent patient: a case report
Authors: Tenorio Adriana M Trejos , Roldán Daniel Montoya , Botero Alicia I Hidrón
Published: May 2024

Background:Disseminated disease by species in theScedosporiumgenus are rarein immunocompetent patients, and have not been reported in the context of severe SARS Cov-2 infection.Case presentation:A retired, 41-year-old police officer with a history of obesity and arterial hypertension presented to emergency department with acute respiratory hypoxemic failure due to severe SARS-Cov2 pneumonia. He used to practice home aquarium care, biking, river swimming, and fishing. He reported no recent travel to the sea, lakes, or caves. He required prolonged mechanical ventilation, and had several documented episodes of ventilator-associated pneumonia due toPseudomonas aeruginosaandKlebsiella pneumoniae,which later evolved to necrotizing pneumonia, multiple lung abscesses, bronchopleural fistula, empyema and subpleural abscess. Despite sedation withdrawal he remained unconscious; a brain MRI revealed multiple brain abscesses.Scedosporium boydiiwas isolated from both lung and brain abscess cultures. In addition to percutaneous drainage of lung abscesses, he was treated with combined therapy with voriconazole and liposomal amphotericin B, considering a possible synergic effect. Drainage of the multiple brain abscesses was not feasible; thus, radiological progression was documented, leading to the patient´s demise despite five weeks of treatment.Conclusion:Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) by molds are an emerging condition in patients with COVID-19. Cases of aspergillosis, candidiasis and mucormycosis were increasingly reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is the first report of a fatal disseminated infection due toScedosporium boydiipreceded by a severe SARS Cov-2 infection.
Cerebral tuberculoma in pregnant women: A systematic review and comprehensive analysis of literature
Authors: Vinueza Daniela , Rebellón-Sánchez David , Llanos Julio , Rosso Fernando
Published: May 2024

This systematic review and descriptive analysis examines the diagnostic and management complexities of cerebral tuberculomas in pregnant women, a condition that is infrequent and characterized by a wide spectrum of symptoms resembling those of other neurological diseases. We analyzed data from 26 cases across 16 countries between 1975 and 2024, highlighting the clinical manifestations, diagnostic strategies—including diverse interpretations of histopathological, imaging, and laboratory findings—and treatment options for tuberculomas during pregnancy. The absence of comprehensive guidelines for managing this condition underscores the urgent need for specialized knowledge and research in this area, aiming to improve outcomes for both pregnant women and their products of gestation.
Assessing boscalid efficacy and resistance of large-spored Alternaria pathogens of potato and tomato crops
Authors: Kokaeva Lyudmila , Berezov Alexander , Pobedinskaya Marina , Balabko Petr , Elansky Sergey
Published: May 2024

Large-spored Alternaria species of the section Porri were evaluated for resistance to boscalid through laboratory assays. Most isolates had EC50 values above 100 µg/mL, indicating widespread fungicide resistance. Only isolates of A. solani demonstrated sensitivity with EC50 values below 7 µg/mL. Isolates of A. linariae, A. protenta and A. alternariacida were resistant. A moderate level of resistance to the fungicide was found in A. grandis (mean EC50 = 76,8 µg/mL). Even though the resistance levels varied among strains, sampling location did not appear to be a significant factor. One of the primary targets of boscalid within fungal cells is the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) enzyme complex, which consists of several subunits. Mutations in these genes have been identified to be a key mechanism of boscalid resistance in various fungal pathogens. Our study revealed the absence of H134R and H278Y mutations within the SdhB gene among the Alternaria isolates. We further analyzed the sequences from Sdh gene subunits B, C, and D in the isolates originating from potato, including A. alternariacida, A. grandis, A. linariae, A. protenta, and A. solani. This analysis identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that effectively distinguished these isolates from the tomato-derived A. linariae ones.
Incorporating Equity, Diversity and Inclusion (EDI) into the Education and Assessment of Professionalism for Healthcare Professionals and Trainees: A Scoping Review
Authors: Shah Darsh , Behravan Nima , Al-Jabouri Nujud , Sibbald Matthew
Published: May 2024

Background
Current definitions of professionalism for healthcare trainees often lack equity, diversity and inclusion (EDI) in the expectations and assessment of professionalism. While professionalism teaching is incorporated in healthcare training, equity-deserving groups still experience discrimination. This scoping review investigates the literature to understand how EDI and associated domains of cultural humility, and advocacy can be incorporated in healthcare trainees’ education and assessment of professionalism.
Methods
MEDLINE, Embase & PsychINFO were searched up to March 2023, with terms surrounding health professionals, professionalism, EDI, cultural humility, and advocacy. Titles and abstracts (n = 3870) and full-texts (n = 140) were independently screened by two reviewers. Articles were included if they focused on EDI, cultural humility, or advocacy among healthcare students/trainees, and had outcomes related to professionalism. Articles lacking discussion of professionalism as an outcome were excluded. Themes were generated by mutual discussion. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cote et al. and Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI) tools.
Results
48 articles underwent thematic analysis. Studies investigated the disciplines of medicine, nursing, social work, physiotherapy, and dentistry. Most studies were qualitative in methodology (n = 23). Three themes emerged: (1) EDI-associated interventions improve professionalism (n = 21). Interventions employed were either an EDI-associated educational course (n = 8) or an exchange program to promote EDI competencies among trainees (n = 13). (2) Trainee definitions and perceptions of professionalism reveal themes of EDI and cultural humility (n = 12). (3) Current standards of professionalism are perceived as non-inclusive towards historically-marginalized populations (n = 15). Literature investigating advocacy as it relates to professionalism is limited.
Conclusion
The main finding of this review is that EDI and its associated domains of cultural humility and advocacy correlates with professionalism. These findings create a strong impetus to incorporate EDI within professionalism frameworks in healthcare education. Future research should employ standardized tools for professionalism assessment to provide more conclusive evidence. Incorporating patient perspectives of professionalism can inform actionable recommendations for fostering inclusive healthcare environments.
Correlating Spatial-Temporal Changes in Ukai Reservoir with Universal Soil Loss Equation and Geospatial Indices
Authors: Avishek Kirti , Chaturvedi Garima , Kumar Himanshu , Bhagat Sourav Kumar , Sharma Priyank J. , Majumdar Aditi
Published: May 2024

Ukai Reservoir witnessed flood incidents in 2006, 2013 and 2019, causing significant damage to property and infrastructure. The objective is to analyse the spatial-temporal change in inundation of Reservoir & soil loss. Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), Universal Soil Loss Equation, and Land Use Land Cover (LULC) were applied. Landsat-8 data was collected from 2013 to 2020 for pre & post-monsoon periods. Decreasing water inundation area trend from 2015 to 2016 observed, possibly due to excess irrigation, power generation. 2016 faced increased water spread area, could be because of heavy precipitation in the upstream catchment. A high Rainfall erosivity factor (96.27 to 1427.58) indicates intense rainfall, which denotes a more remarkable ability of an area to detach and transport soil particles. High Soil Erodibility Factor (0.05 to 0.34), depict higher erodibility. The Topographic Factor (0 to 146.01), means more erosion occurs in steeper areas. The highest predicted annual soil loss was in the moderately high erosion category. Low Crop Management factor (0 to 1) denotes loss. Overall soil loss in this area is increasing, and need soil conservation. The Average Annual soil loss factor (26.64 to 44.05) depicts increase in soil loss. LULC analysis shows agriculture (69.77% in 2018) and barren land (24.38% in 2020) are the two predominant classes. The variation in the area was directed by rainfall in the post-monsoon time, excess irrigation, and electricity generation during the pre-monsoon time.
Optimizing Water Extraction in Agricultural Systems: A Novel Approach Using a Jet Pump and Multiple Wells
Authors: Ibrahim Doucoure , Wu Hongen , Brendon Hlomayi , Mahilan Paramananthan
Published: May 2024

This paper proposes a novel approach that utilizes a high-performance jet pump to extract water from multiple wells to a tank, and presents an optimal design of the system in view of the reliability criteria and economic aspects. In this way loss of load probability (LLP) as reliability criteria and the hydraulic network cost as economic criteria are used to simulate the performance of the system. By adopting AFT Fathom simulation software, two designs that exhibit water withdrawal from the wells to the tank were devised. By adjusting the pump's position along the vertical (y) and horizontal (x) axis and implementing different uniform pipe diameters (d) resulted to inconsistent flow rates. The simulation data obtained from these experiments was utilized to construct a Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) model, enabling the prediction of a multi well flow rate through the tank. The MLR model, validated at a 95% confidence level with results showing that R2 index and root mean square error (RMSE) values were 0.7987 and 0.03385 respectively. The proposed algorithm selects the optimal pipe sizes, and jet pump position (x, y) relative to tank satisfying both criteria.
Open system fluid-assisted sulfide dissolution reaction triggers explosive volcanic eruptions and can control production of metallogenic provinces
Authors: BORISOVA Anastassia
Published: May 2024

Explosive eruptions are frequently triggered by mixing of contrast-type magmas such as mantle-derived basaltic magmas with hydrous silica-rich magmas. Up to date, the mechanisms and rates of reaction of sulfide dissolution in hydrous silica-rich melt are unknown. I experimentally model dissolution of pyrrhotite mineral in water-saturated hydrous rhyolite melt at conditions corresponding to sulphate-sulfide transition field. The reaction results in production of FeO(melt) and SO42- and H2, H2S and di- and trisulfur radical ions, S2- or S3- in fluid/melt. The calculated diffusion coefficient for the oxidized sulfur dissolved in the hydrous rhyolitic melt implies extremely fast sulfur diffusion in the hydrous hybrid melt. Hybridization and magma mixing are controlled by the fastest ever recorded chemical diffusion of sulfur in the form of S2- or S3-, which is converted to [SO4]2- in the quenched glass and is associated with the production of hybrid fluid saturated magma. The dissolution reaction of the lower crust-to-mantle-crust transition zone-derived sulfides can trigger explosive volcanic eruptions not only in volcanic arcs but also in hot spot geodynamic settings. The fluid-assisted sulfide dissolution reaction can also control production of chalcophile (Au, Ag, Cu, Mo and Pt) metallogenic provinces.
A comparative ecotoxicity impact assessment of hydraulic fracturing chemicals used in oil and gas and coal-bed methane wells
Authors: Zelinka David L. , Karunanithi Arunprakash T.
Published: May 2024

In this study, we examine the ecotoxicity impacts of chemicals used in hydraulic-fracturing (HF) operations for shale-based oil and gas (O&G) and coal-bed methane (CBM) wells in Colorado. The chemical constituents of HF fluids were analyzed for 40 O&G and 10 CBM wells located in Weld and Las Animas counties. Integrating toxicity data, physical properties, and fate and transport parameter predictions with the USEtox human and ecotoxicological impact model, we developed new fresh water ecotoxicity characterization factors for 184 different chemicals that are commonly used in fracking operations. Further, we also estimated and analyzed the overall ecotoxicity impacts associated with the potential release of these chemicals into the environment. We found that CBM HF wells, on an average, resulted in 12.6% greater ecotoxicity impacts from chemical release than O&G wells. Ecological Impacts were highly-sensitive to the fraction of HF fluid that returns to the surface as part of flow back.
Maternal glucose homeostasis during pregnancy in women with overweight or obesity and markers of offspring adiposity, glycemia, and insulinemia
Authors: Mogensen Christina Sonne , Nygaard Malene , Opstrup Ulla Kampmann , Mølgaard Christian , Magkos Faidon , Geiker Nina Rica Wium
Published: May 2024

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) adversely affects offspring glucose homeostasis and markers of adiposity. Here, we examined the association between glycemia during pregnancy in overweight or obese women without GDM and markers of glucose homeostasis and adiposity in the offspring. Maternal fasting glucose and glucose concentrations 2-h after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were measured in 208 pregnant women with a pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) of 28-45 kg/m2 without GDM. Offspring outcomes were collected at birth, 3, and 5 years of age. Linear mixed models with random effect of subject ID were used. No associations were found between maternal fasting or 2-h glucose concentrations with offspring fasting glucose and insulin concentrations from birth to 5 years of age. However, maternal fasting glucose in GW 28 and 36, and 2-h OGTT glucose in GW 28 were positively associated with C-peptide concentration at birth. Maternal fasting glucose at all time points during pregnancy was positively associated with BMI z-score at birth. Circulating blood glucose in pregnant women with overweight or obesity without GDM is positively associated with offspring C-peptide concentration and BMI z-score at birth but not with glucose and insulin concentrations during the first 5 years of life.
Observation of the immediate effect of ultrasound-guided acupuncture at Zusanli (ST36) point on Blood flow volume in lower limb arteries: a randomized controlled trial study protocol
Authors: Tu Jie , Sun Yongkang , Chung Shuet Ling , dai jinling , Zhang Rong , Wu Huan-Gan , Jin Zhu
Published: May 2024

Background
The Zusanli(ST36) point, as one of the key health care points, has a wide range of indications and various effects. Given its effectiveness in regulating qi and blood flow, we investigated its direct impact on the arteries of the lower limbs. Earlier research indicates that the ST36 may enhance blood flow to the anterior tibial artery, yet there's a need to refine its research methodology and key findings. Consequently, our objective was to thoroughly investigate how the ST36 influences the blood flow dynamics in the arteries of the lower limbs.
Methods
This is a randomized, single-blind, and parallel controlled study. Participants will be evenly distributed in a 1:1 ratio between the interventional group (true acupuncture guided by ultrasound) and the control group (sham guided by ultrasound). Key metrics such as blood flow volume, peak systolic velocity, arterial diameter, and C-MASS evaluations will be documented and monitored pre and post-treatment. Ultimately, the analysis of the data was conducted utilizing the SPSS 25.0 software.
Discussion
Through this study, we aim to gain a deeper understanding of the hemodynamic effects of ultrasound-guided acupuncture at ST36, and hope to provide new treatment methods and scientific basis for lower limb arterial vascular lesions.
Trial registration
Chictr.org.cn Identifier: ChiCTR2400080275 Registered on 25 Jan 2024
Development and Validation of Automated Three-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network Model for Acute Appendicitis Diagnosis
Authors: Kim Minsung , Park Taeyong , Kim Min-Jeong , Kwon Mi Jung , Oh Bo Young , Kim Jong Wan , Ha Sangook , Yang Won Seok , Cho Bum-Joo , Son Iltae
Published: May 2024

Rapid, accurate preoperative imaging diagnostics of appendicitis are critical in surgical decisions of emergency care. This study developed a fully automated diagnostic framework using a 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) to identify appendicitis and clinical information from patients with abdominal pain, including contrast-enhanced abdominopelvic computed tomography images. A deep learning model—Information of Appendix (IA)—was developed, and the volume of interest (VOI) region corresponding to the anatomical location of the appendix was automatically extracted. It was analysed using a two-stage binary algorithm with transfer learning. The algorithm predicted three categories: non-, simple, and complicated appendicitis. The 3D-CNN architecture incorporated ResNet, DenseNet, and EfficientNet. The IA model utilising DenseNet169 demonstrated 79.5% accuracy (76.4–82.6%), 70.1% sensitivity (64.7–75.0%), 87.6% specificity (83.7–90.7%), and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.865 (0.862–0.867), with a negative appendectomy rate of 12.4% in stage 1 classification identifying non-appendicitis vs. appendicitis. In stage 2, the IA model exhibited 76.1% accuracy (70.3–81.9%), 82.6% sensitivity (62.9–90.9%), 74.2% specificity (67.0–80.3%), and an AUC of 0.827 (0.820–0.833), differentiating simple and complicated appendicitis. This IA model can provide physicians with reliable diagnostic information on appendicitis with generality and reproducibility within the VOI.
Midbrain dopaminergic degeneration differentially modulates primary motor cortex activity and motor behavior in hemi-parkinsonian rats.
Authors: Boschen Suelen L. , Seethaler Julian , Wang Shaohua , Lujan Wendy D. , Silvernail Jodi L. , Carter Rickey E. , Chang Su-Youne , Lujan J. Luis
Published: May 2024

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is marked by degeneration in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway, affecting motor control via complex changes in the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic motor network, including the primary motor cortex (M1). The modulation of M1 neuronal activity by dopaminergic inputs, particularly from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), plays a crucial role in PD pathophysiology. This study investigates how nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration influences M1 neuronal activity in rats using in vivo calcium imaging. Histological analysis confirmed dopaminergic lesion severity, with high lesion level rats showing significant motor deficits. Levodopa treatment improved fine motor abilities, particularly in high lesion level rats. Analysis of M1 calcium signals based on dopaminergic lesion severity revealed distinct M1 activity patterns. Animals with low dopaminergic lesion showed increased calcium events, while high lesion level rats exhibited decreased activity, partially restored by levodopa. These findings suggest that M1 activity is more sensitive to transient fluctuations in dopaminergic transmission, rather than to chronic high or low dopaminergic signaling. This study underscores the complex interplay between dopaminergic signaling and M1 neuronal activity in PD symptoms development. Further research integrating behavioral and calcium imaging data can elucidate mechanisms underlying motor deficits and therapeutic responses in PD.
Regulation of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis and NK cell dysfunction by exosomal miR-552-5p in gastric cancer
Authors: Tang Chun-Wei , Yang Jin-Hua , Qin Jin-Wen , Wu Hui-Jie , Cui Hao-Peng , Ge Lian-Ying , Liu Ai-qun
Published: May 2024

Objective NK cells play a vital role in tumor immune resistance. Various factors affect NK cell activity. While NK cell dysfunction has been observed in numerous malignancies, the underlying mechanisms in gastric cancer remain unclear.Method Flow cytometry was used to identify the phenotypic distribution and expression of activated receptors on NK cells. ELISA was used to determine the expression of cytokines. We examined the expression of NK cell-related genes and explored their association with survival and prognosis. Additionally, we conducted PCR detection of miR-552-5p expression levels in plasma exosomes of patients and investigated its correlation with phenotypic distribution and activated receptors. We used flow cytometry and ELISA to verify the role of miR-552-5p in NK cell dysfunction. Furthermore, we investigated the potential role of PD-1/PD-L1 in regulating NK cell dysfunction in patients’ cells.Results We observed a significant decrease in the percentage of NKG2D and NKp30 and IFN-γ and TNF-α in patients than in healthy volunteers. Patients with low levels of CD56, CD16, NKG2D, and NKP46 exhibited poorer survival prognoses. Moreover, increased expression levels of plasma exosomal miR-552-5p in patients were negatively associated with NK cell phenotypic distribution and activated receptor expression. MiR-552-5p downregulated the secretion of perforin, granzyme, and IFN-γ as well as the expression of NKp30, NKp46, and NKG2D. Additionally, it suppressed the cytotoxicity of NK cells. The inhibitory effect of miR-552-5p, on NK cell function was reversed when anti-PD-L1 antibodies were used.Conclusion Exosomal miR-552-5p targets the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, leading to impaired NK cell function.
Application of LMLC Prognostic Score in Survival Predicting of Malignant Pleural Effusion Secondary to Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: Qiao Xin , Sun Da-Qiang , Zhang Jing-Jing , Liu Bin , Yi Feng-Shuang , Qin Jian-Wen
Published: May 2024

Background: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive tumor with poor prognosis. Variables to estimate overall survival (OS) for malignant pleural effusion (MPE) secondary to MPM are unidentified, especially the ones in pleural fluid.
Methods: Based on the retrospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with MPE secondary to MPM at Tianjin Chest Hospital from January 2019 to January 2022 and Beijing Chaoyang Hospital from January 2013 to January 2022, multivariate analysis was performed on routinely available demographic, clinical, hematological, and pleural fluid data to assess the association between different parameters and OS.
Results: We screened 81 patients who met the eligibility criteria. Four routinely available parameters including LDH level in pleural fluid, MPV level, lymphocyte count, and chemotherapy (the LMLC prognostic score) were found to be independent risk variables for the prognosis of MPE secondary to MPM. Patients were divided into two prognosis subgroups based on risk stratification, with median survival periods of 42 and 19 months, respectively. In comparison with the low-risk group, the high-risk groups showed significantly poorer survival (HR 3.713; 95% CI 1.889 - 7.298; P <0.001).
Conclusion: In patients with MPE secondary to MPM, the novel prognostic score utilizes pre-treatment parameters obtained from blood and pleural fluid tests and treatment to predict OS. This system can improve stratification on clinical trials and help clinicians and patients to determine the most appropriate treatment.
Globe strong solutions to the 1-D non-isothermal compressible liquid crystal equations accounting for stretching term
Authors: Li Jinbo , Ren Yonghua , Wang Danxia
Published: May 2024

We consider the initial-boundary value problem of compressible non-isothermal liquid crystal flow in dimension one.The resulting system of equations contains the essential features of the physically relevant model,in particular taking into account the stretching effects of the directed field,and heat conductivity coefficients is temperature dependent. In this paper,we establish the existence of a strong solution of such a system when the initial density away from vacuum.
MSC Classification: 35D35 , 34D40 , 37N10 , 76N99 , 76A15
Causal association between immune cells and esophageal cancer: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Shi shutong , Gu Dayong , Wu Daguang , Shi Haifeng , Wang Qiang , Zhou Xuefeng , Guo Yiyu , Zhang Zhi , Xu Changdi , Ye Jinjun
Published: May 2024

Background
Tumor development is significantly regulated by immune cells. Esophageal cancer is a tumor with a high mortality rate and a poor prognosis. Clinical research has demonstrated a connection between esophageal cancer and immune cells, and immunotherapy has gradually improved the survival of esophageal cancer patients. Nevertheless, a conclusive association between immune cells and esophageal cancer has not to be demonstrated.
Methods
We initially screened immune cells as potential factors influencing the development of esophageal cancer using a GWAS. A Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was done to establish a causal connection between immune cells and esophageal cancer. In addition, We conducted a bidirectional MR analysis to investigate the causal connections.
Results
We discovered 20 significant correlations between immune cells and esophageal cancer. In addition, by bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis, we determined the impact of esophageal cancer on immune cells. The reliability of the findings was verified using assessments of heterogeneity and pleiotropy.
Conclusions
Our Mendelian randomization analysis suggested that immune cells were associated with esophageal cancer and may be beneficial for presenting basic evidence for mechanistic and clinical research on immunotherapy.
Dissociating neuronal signatures of spatial attention and behavioural state in the primary vibrissal cortex of mice
Authors: Dyce Guthrie , Singh Taylor , Mattingley Jason , Arabzadeh Ehsan
Published: May 2024

The prioritisation and selective processing of information is imperative to survival. One form of prioritisation, known as spatial attention, allows an animal to selectively process sensory input based on its location. While spatial attention is known to produce changes in neuronal representation, it is unclear whether these changes occur as early as the primary sensory cortex. It is also not clear whether changes induced by selective spatial attention differ from those observed with non-selective fluctuations in arousal. To study attention, the rodent whisker system represents a structurally elegant, and functionally efficient alternative to the often-studied primate visual system. Here, we implemented a novel, ecologically relevant paradigm to incorporate spatial attention in a whisker vibration detection task in mice. We demonstrated that mice (n = 11) exhibit spatially selective evidence accumulation behaviour within their responses to single vibration stimuli, across their responses to tens of stimuli, and throughout each day of training. To dissociate the neuronal signatures of spatial attention from those of spatially non-specific behavioural state, we recorded 1461 responsive neurons in the primary vibrissal cortex (vS1) as mice engaged in the detection task. The strength of neuronal responses to vibrissal stimulation correlated significantly with spatial attention, but not with spatially non-specific behavioural state. We found that spatial attention elevates both baseline neuronal activity and a later (200–600 ms) component of evoked responses to whisker vibrations. These results have implications for the microcircuitry of spatial attention in vS1 and value-driven attentional capture in mice.
Evaluation of the Effects of Thyroid Functions on Frailty in Geriatric Patients Using the Edmonton, SOF and FRAIL Scales
Authors: Uyar Galip Can , Kılıç Mustafa Kemal
Published: May 2024

Background and rationale:Thyroid dysfunction in elderly individuals often mimics signs of aging,impacting metabolism and body balance,yet the connection between thyroid function and frailty levels remains underresearched despite numerous studies on age-related chronic conditions
Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the effects of various thyroid states on frailty in individuals aged 65 and older.This investigation included analyzing TSH, fT3, fT4 and anti-TPO.The correlation of these thyroid states with chronic diseases,sociodemographic factors and optimal TSH levels in relation to frailty was also examined using the SOF,Edmonton and FRAIL scale
Methods:This study included 220 elderly patients (150 women,70 men)who either received thyroid treatment or were untreated but who hadthyroid dysfunction. Comprehensive geriatric assessments were conducted,including recording medical history and demographic data and conducting thyroid function tests.Frailty was evaluated using the SOF,Edmonton and FRAIL scales
Results:The participants had a median age of 73 years, with 68.2% women. Frailty was notably more prevalent among patients with abnormal TSH levels (outside the 0.5-6 mIU/L range).Multivariate logistic regression revealed significant differences in parameters across TSH categories.Key findings included a greater likelihood of frailty on the SOF scale with increased odds in anti-TPO-positive patients and significant differences in fT3 levels and fT3/fT4 ratios between frailty groups according to the EFS and FRAIL scales
Conclusion:This study revealed the impact of thyroid function on frailty, particularly considering fT3 levels and the fT3/fT4 ratio as indicators.Optimal TSH levels reduced frailty, while abnormal levels increased it,notably on the SOF scale.Additionally,comorbidities,thyroid medication,sex,age and education were also influential factors in frailty assessment
Influence of diet on change in color and roughness of orthodontic aligners: A longitudinal study
Authors: Bocato Jessica Rico , Berger Sandrine Bittencourt , Fernandes Thais Maria Freire , Almeida Marcio Rodrigues , Favaro Jaqueline Costa , Bespalez-Neto Roberto , Oltramari Paula Vanessa Pedron
Published: May 2024

Objectives
The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of diet on color change and roughness of orthodontic aligners (OAs) during the initial 6 months of treatment.
Materials and Methods
Twenty patients treated with orthodontic aligners (OAs) (Invisalign Align Technology Santa Clara, California, USA) who met the following criteria were included in the study: between 13 and 35 years of age, both sexes, Angle Class I malocclusion, moderate lower anterior crowding, and non-extraction treatment. The exchange of pairs of upper and lower aligners was performed every 10 days. To assess the color stability and roughness of the aligners, the buccal surface of the tooth 11 was cut and analyzed in a series of 12 non-consecutive aligners used by 20 patients for 10 days (n = 20), over the initial 6 months of treatment. To verify the change in color and roughness, the Friedman test was used. The correlation between variables was assessed using Spearman's correlation coefficient, with a significance level of 5%.
Results
When the correlation between dietary issues and changes in color and roughness was verified, it was found that patients who ate acidic foods, such as coffee, wine, soda and juice, showed greater color changes (p < 0.05) and roughness in the OA (p < 0.05). Intake of acidic fruits showed a significant correlation only with color change at months 3, 4 and 5.
Conclusion
The acidic and pigment-rich diet contributed to the change in color and increase roughness of the orthodontic aligners.
Clinical Significance
It is recommended that patients remove the OA for their meals, in order to maintain the aesthetic characteristics of the appliances and an efficient standard of hygiene.