bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pathophysiology of ischaemic acute kidney injury
Authors: Kanagasundaram Nigel Suren
Published: October 2014

Acute kidney injury is common, dangerous and costly, affecting around one in five patients emergency admissions to hospital. Although survival decreases as disease worsens, it is now apparent that even modest degrees of dysfunction are not only associated with higher mortality but are an independent risk factor for death. This review focuses on the pathophysiology of acute kidney injury secondary to ischaemia – its commonest aetiology. The haemodynamic disturbances, endothelial injury, epithelial cell injury and immunological mechanisms underpinning its initiation and extension will be discussed along with the considerable and complex interplay between these factors that lead to an intense, pro-inflammatory state. Mechanisms of tubular recovery will be discussed but also the pathophysiology of abnormal repair with its direct consequences for long-term renal function. Finally, the concept of ‘organ cross-talk’ will be introduced as a potential explanation for the higher mortality observed with acute kidney injury that might be deemed modest in conventional biochemical terms.
The Accuracy of C-Reactive Protein, Procalcitonin, and s-TREM-1 in the Prediction of Serious Bacterial Infection in Neonates
Authors: Stein Michal , Schachter-Davidov Anita , Babai Ilan , Tasher Diana , Somekh Eli
Published: October 2014

In this prospective study, we examined the usefulness of C-reactive protein (CRP), soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (s-TREM-1), and procalcitonin (PCT), in identifying serious bacterial infection (SBI) among neonates. Infants younger than 3 months with suspected SBI were included and serum concentrations of CRP, PCT, and s-TREM-1 were determined. Results. A total of 112 patients (19 with SBI and 93 with negative cultures) were evaluated. There were no statistical differences between the 2 groups regarding age, presence of fever, and serum concentrations of the different biomarkers. Performance of the different biomarkers were as follows: The sensitivities were 45%, 55%, and 82% for CRP, PCT, and s-TREM-1, respectively, whereas the specificities we 82%, 75%, and 48% for CRP, PCT, and s-TREM-1, respectively. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.6, 0.63, and 0.61, for CRP, PCT, and s-TREM-1, respectively. Conclusions. In real-life pediatric practice, none of the tested biomarkers was sufficiently accurate to serve as a reliable indicator for the identification of SBI in neonates.
A cultural sociology of the arts
Authors: Zolberg Vera L
Published: October 2014

After a long period of relative exclusion from serious consideration by social sciences, the study of culture and the arts has become a lively sociological arena in the United States, as it had already been in much of Europe. No longer a stepchild of the serious business of sociologists, the arts are, if not central, then at least a legitimate, as opposed to a frivolous subject. This flowering has come about despite a traditional anti-aesthetic orientation in American social science, and, until recently, relative retarded development of much contemporary European social science. Still, the position of the arts in the social science disciplines is likely to remain tenuous, and requires renewed justification as an intellectual enterprise. The reasons for this have to do both with the intellectual outlooks that have become embedded in understandings of the arts, and the social structures of their creation – or ‘production.’ The most promising developments in sociology are fostered by recognition of many more genres of creativity and their incorporation in the aesthetic domain. This growth is related to socioeconomic and political trends, consumerism, industrial transformation of global scope, though is not reducible to them. Arguably, they support new constructions and creativity at least as much as mass culture if not more.
STAMP-Based HRA Considering Causality Within a Sociotechnical System
Authors: Rong Hao , Tian Jin
Published: October 2014

Objective:

The study contributes to human reliability analysis (HRA) by proposing a method that focuses more on human error causality within a sociotechnical system, illustrating its rationality and feasibility by using a case of the Minuteman (MM) III missile accident.

Background:

Due to the complexity and dynamics within a sociotechnical system, previous analyses of accidents involving human and organizational factors clearly demonstrated that the methods using a sequential accident model are inadequate to analyze human error within a sociotechnical system.

Methods:

System-theoretic accident model and processes (STAMP) was used to develop a universal framework of human error causal analysis. To elaborate the causal relationships and demonstrate the dynamics of human error, system dynamics (SD) modeling was conducted based on the framework.

Results:

A total of 41 contributing factors, categorized into four types of human error, were identified through the STAMP-based analysis. All factors are related to a broad view of sociotechnical systems, and more comprehensive than the causation presented in the accident investigation report issued officially. Recommendations regarding both technical and managerial improvement for a lower risk of the accident are proposed.

Conclusion:

The interests of an interdisciplinary approach provide complementary support between system safety and human factors. The integrated method based on STAMP and SD model contributes to HRA effectively.

Application:

The proposed method will be beneficial to HRA, risk assessment, and control of the MM III operating process, as well as other sociotechnical systems.
Individual Differences in Verbal-Spatial Conflict in Rapid Spatial-Orientation Tasks
Authors: Barrow Jane H. , Baldwin Carryl L.
Published: October 2014

Objective:

The impact of interference from irrelevant spatial versus verbal cues is investigated in an auditory spatial Stroop task, and individual differences in navigation strategy are examined as a moderating factor.

Background:

Verbal-spatial cue conflict in the auditory modality has not been extensively studied, and yet the potential for such conflict can be high in certain settings, such as modern aircraft and automobile cockpits, where multiple warning systems and verbally delivered instructions may compete for the operator’s spatial attention.

Method:

Two studies are presented in which participants responded to either the semantic meaning or the spatial location of directional words, which were presented from congruent and incongruent locations. A subset was selected from the larger sample for additional analyses based on their navigation strategy.

Results:

Results demonstrated greater interference when participants were responding to the spatial location and thus attempting to ignore conflicting semantic information. Participants with a verbal navigation strategy paralleled this finding. Conversely, highly spatial navigators responded faster to spatially relevant information but did not show corresponding interference when trying to ignore spatial information.

Conclusion:

The findings suggest that people have fundamentally different approaches to the use of auditory spatial information that manifest at the early level of orienting toward a single word or sound.

Application:

When designing spatial information displays and warning systems, particularly those with an auditory component, designers should ensure that either verbal-directional or nonverbal-spatial information is utilized by all alerts to reduce interference.
A novel biaxial specimen for inducing residual stresses in thermoset polymers and fibre composite material
Authors: Jakobsen J , Andreasen JH , Jensen M
Published: October 2014

A new type of specimen configuration with the purpose of introducing a well-defined biaxial residual (axisymmetric) stress field in a neat thermoset or a fibre composite material is presented. The ability to experimentally validate residual stress predictions is an increasing need for design engineers when they challenge the material limits in present and future thermoset and composite component. In addition to the new specimen configuration, this paper presents an analytical solution for the residual stress state in the specimen. The analytical solution assumes linear elastic and isotropic material behaviour. Experimental strain release measurements and the analytical solution determine the residual stress state present in the material. A demonstration on neat epoxy is conducted and residual stress predictions of high accuracy and repeatability have been achieved. The precise determination of the biaxial stress state in the specimen after cure makes it suitable for calibrating residual stress models.
Leverage of cenosphere filler size on mechanical and dry sliding wear peculiarity of polyester composites
Authors: Singh Akant Kumar , Siddhartha
Published: October 2014

This investigation focuses on understanding the effects of submicron size cenosphere fillers on mechanical and wear properties of unsaturated polyester composites. The composites in this study are fabricated with 10 wt.% of 900 nm, 600 nm and 300 nm diameter cenosphere filler particulates. Neat unsaturated polyester composite is also prepared for comparative analysis. The sliding wear test is performed on a pin-on-disc tribometer with the composite pin sliding over a disc comprising hardened ground steel. Friction and wear tests are conducted over a range of sliding velocities (1.57–4.71 m/s), normal loads (10–40 N) and sliding distances (1000–4000 m). In this study, 300 nm size of cenosphere particulate-filled composite shows high wear resistance ability among all fabricated composites. Mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength, flexural strength and compressive strength are also investigated. It is observed that mechanical properties of the composites increase with decrease in the particle size. Composites reinforced with 300 nm size of cenosphere particulate shows superior mechanical properties when compared to the other composites in this study. Worn surface morphology of composite specimens has been examined by scanning electron microscopy to understand dominant wear mechanisms.
Sclerotherapy for rare bleeding stomal varices after ileal conduit urinary diversion: an effective and noninvasive method
Authors: Tan Shu-Tao
Published: October 2014

Introduction

Bleeding stomal varices after ileal conduit urinary diversion are rare, but they can develop in patients with portal venous hypertension caused by cirrhosis.

Case presentation

We report the case of a 68-year-old man who developed stomal haemorrhage two months after radical cystectomy and ileal conduit urinary diversion to treat invasive bladder cancer. Alcoholic cirrhosis and portal venous hypertension were considered to be the causes of varices and bleeding. We chose to control the stomal varices using sclerotherapy. The stomal varices disappeared and no bleeding recurred during one year of follow up.

Conclusion

We believe that sclerotherapy is a suitable treatment for bleeding stomal varices.
‘Le centre de toutes choses’: Constructing and managing centralization on the Isle de France
Authors: Roberts Lissa
Published: October 2014

In their recent book The colonial machine, James McClellan III and François Regourd detail how ancien regime France’s government marshalled science in the service of colonial expansion. By focusing on the local and long distance struggles to make the Isle de France (present day Mauritius) a globally significant centre during the long eighteenth century, this essay suggests an alternative to McClellan and Regourd’s geography of metropolitan centre and colonial periphery, as well as their claim that the investigation of nature was tied to colonial expansion by state centralization. Rather than view centralization as a double process whereby a metropolitan state is able to dominate increasingly peripheral territory by concentrating power and the means of its production and management under state authority, this essay argues that centralization occurred in numerous places and involved the organization, pursuit and management of various sorts of accumulation, with geographically extensive consequences. The goal is to present centralization as historically open and multi-centred, inviting examination of both its local dynamics and long-distance entanglements from various perspectives, which in turn reveals the multi-centred dynamics of empire building and governance, including the organization and pursuit of natural inquiry.
Discovering Race in a “Post-Racial” World
Authors: Khanna Nikki , Harris Cherise A.
Published: October 2014

Teaching students about race remains a challenging task for instructors, made even more difficult in the context of a growing “post-racial” discourse. Given this challenge, it is important for instructors to find engaging ways to help students understand the continuing significance of race and racial/ethnic inequality. In this article, we detail an exercise that asks students to analyze representations of race/ethnicity on network television for one week as a way of illustrating white dominance, white privilege, and racial inequality. As evidence of the exercise’s effectiveness, we include student reports that demonstrate how students discover the persistence of these issues by conducting their own analysis of primetime television.
Glucagon‐Like Peptide 2 Improves Cholestasis in Parenteral Nutrition–Associated Liver Disease
Authors: Lim David W. , Wales Paul W. , Josephson Jessica K. , Nation Patrick N. , Wizzard Pamela R. , Sergi Consolato M. , Field Catherine J. , Sigalet David L. , Turner Justine M.
Published: October 2014

Background: Parenteral nutrition‐associated liver disease (PNALD) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates with intestinal failure. Although glucagon‐like peptide‐2 (GLP‐2) is being advanced as therapy, the effect of GLP‐2 treatment on PNALD is unknown. We aim to investigate the effect of exogenous GLP‐2 administration on hepatic function in a neonatal piglet model of PNALD. Methods: Neonatal piglets (aged 2–6 days) underwent jugular venous catheterization to receive isonitrogenous, isocaloric parenteral nutrition (PN). Piglets were allocated to 2 groups: group 1 (n = 8) received saline while group 2 (n = 7) received GLP‐2 (at 11 nmol/kg/d). After 17 days, piglets underwent terminal laparotomy, and bile flow was measured. Liver specimens were analyzed histologically and with immunoperoxidase staining. Age‐matched sow‐reared control piglets (group 3, n = 8) were used for comparison. Results: Both groups 1 and 2 receiving PN developed cholestasis relative to sow‐reared controls, as evidenced by a decrease in bile flow and increase in serum total bilirubin. However, group 2 had improved bile flow (1.35 vs 0.73 µL/g; P = .02) and diminished bilirubin (38.0 vs 78.5 µmol/L; P = .008) compared with group 1. Group 2 also had lower serum alanine aminotransferase levels, a marker of liver injury. Histologically, the liver specimens in group 1 had marked hepatocyte pigmentation, which was decreased in group 2 specimens. Conclusions: The exogenous administration of GLP‐2 is associated with the improvement of cholestasis and liver injury. This study introduces a novel role for GLP‐2 in improving PNALD in the setting of prolonged PN duration.
Toward a Goal Orientation–Based Feedback-Seeking Typology
Authors: Gong Yaping , Wang Mo , Huang Jia-Chi , Cheung Siu Yin
Published: October 2014

In this study, we conceptualized four types of feedback seeking about self and others (i.e., self-positive, self-negative, other-positive, and other-negative) based on their foci (i.e., self or peers) and nature (i.e., positive or negative), as derived from goal orientation theory. In a series of field studies, we found that these four types of feedback seeking were distinct from each other. A learning orientation was positively related to self-negative, self-positive, and other-positive feedback seeking. A performance-approach orientation was positively related to self-positive and other-negative feedback seeking. On further examining the performance impacts of the four types of feedback-seeking, we found that self-negative feedback seeking was positively related to job performance, role clarity, and social integration. Self-positive feedback seeking was negatively related, whereas other-positive feedback seeking was positively related to job performance.
Moving Beyond the Linear Regression Model
Authors: Li Mingxiang
Published: October 2014

Heavy-tailed distributions occur often in empirical settings, making it difficult for management scholars to use linear regression models (LRMs) to investigate the nuanced relationships between dependent and predictor variables. Both frequentist and Bayesian quantile regression models (QRMs) are alternative techniques that can help management scholars overcome the hurdles associated with using LRMs. This study compares LRMs and QRMs and shows how the frequentist and Bayesian QRM can open up doors for management scholars to develop and test theory in novel and informative ways. In introducing Bayesian estimation, it also shows how Bayesian quantile regression can achieve what existing Bayesian LRM and frequentist QRM techniques cannot. Following this exploration, this paper explains how management researchers can systematically apply QRMs in two concrete empirical settings. The first example shows that organizational behavior and human resource scholars can apply QRMs to study questions related to gender inequality. The second example illustrates that QRMs enable strategy and organizational theory researchers to detect nuanced relations between environmental factors and firm performance. This paper demonstrates that the QRM is a comprehensive strategy capable of helping researchers obtain a complete regression picture for data with heavy-tailed distributions.
Challenging the “Flutie Factor”
Authors: Peterson-Horner Elka , Eckstein Rick
Published: October 2014

University policy makers and many outside observers generally believe that highly visible intercollegiate athletic success increases the quantity and quality of prospective student applications, as well as bolstering a school’s financial and academic standing. This is sometimes referred to as the “Flutie Factor” in reference to Boston College quarterback Doug Flutie who led his team to a last-minute 1984 football victory on national television, resulting in an alleged windfall of undergraduate applications and other organizational largess. Using previously untapped data from the 2005 Educational Longitudinal Survey, underanalyzed data from the Art & Science Group, and original data from three universities, this study challenges the conventional wisdom that highly visible and successful intercollegiate sports programs necessarily improve a school’s undergraduate population. We suggest that continued uncritical adherence to empirically problematic ideas like the Flutie Factor reflect a commercialized and corporatized “neoliberal” university, where branding, marketing, and profit maximization trump educational substance. In addition to being empirically suspect, this expensive, neoliberal approach toward sports-based marketing remains strangely unindicted as a contributor to undergraduate education’s skyrocketing cost.
VEGFR2-Targeted Ultrasound Imaging Agent Enhances the Detection of Ovarian Tumors at Early Stage in Laying Hens, a Preclinical Model of Spontaneous Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Barua Animesh , Yellapa Aparna , Bahr Janice M. , Machado Sergio A. , Bitterman Pincas , Basu Sanjib , Sharma Sameer , Abramowicz Jacques S.
Published: October 2014

Tumor-associated neoangiogenesis (TAN) is an early event in ovarian cancer (OVCA) development. Increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) by TAN vessels presents a potential target for early detection by ultrasound imaging. The goal of this study was to examine the suitability of VEGFR2-targeted ultrasound contrast agents in detecting spontaneous OVCA in laying hens. Effects of VEGFR2-targeted contrast agents in enhancing the intensity of ultrasound imaging from spontaneous ovarian tumors in hens were examined in a cross-sectional study. Enhancement in the intensity of ultrasound imaging was determined before and after injection of VEGFR2-targeted contrast agents. All ultrasound images were digitally stored and analyzed off-line. Following scanning, ovarian tissues were collected and processed for histology and detection of VEGFR2-expressing microvessels. Enhancement in visualization of ovarian morphology was detected by gray-scale imaging following injection of VEGFR2-targeted contrast agents. Compared with pre-contrast, contrast imaging enhanced the intensities of ultrasound imaging significantly ( p < 0.0001) irrespective of the pathological status of ovaries. In contrast to normal hens, the intensity of ultrasound imaging was significantly ( p < 0.0001) higher in hens with early stage OVCA and increased further in hens with late stage OVCA. Higher intensities of ultrasound imaging in hens with OVCA were positively correlated with increased ( p < 0.0001) frequencies of VEGFR2-expressing microvessels. The results of this study suggest that VEGFR2-targeted contrast agents enhance the visualization of spontaneous ovarian tumors in hens at early and late stages of OVCA. The laying hen may be a suitable model to test new imaging agents and develop targeted therapeutics.
Doppler Assessment of Renal Hemodynamic Alterations in Homozygous Sickle Cell Disease and Sickle Beta-Thalassemia
Authors: Saif Aasem , Soliman Neveen , Abdelhamid Alaa
Published: October 2014

We evaluated the renal vascular indices in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease (SCD) using Doppler ultrasonography. We also assessed the renal hemodynamics alterations in patients with homozygous SCD and sickle beta-thalassemia (sickle β-thalassemia). We studied 75 patients (age range = 3-20 years; M = 9.95 ± 4.15) with SCD: 42 patients suffering from homozygous SCD and 33 patients diagnosed with sickle β-thalassemia. Thirty, age- and sex-matched, normal subjects were also included as a control group. Both patients and control groups had Doppler assessment of pulsatility (PI) and resistivity (RI) indices of main renal, segmental, interlobar, and arcuate arteries. Both PIs and RIs were significantly higher in SCD patients, compared with the control group. Among patients, PIs and RIs in the main renal, segmental, interlobar, and arcuate arteries were significantly higher in patients with homozygous SCD as compared with those with sickle β-thalassemia ( p values <0.01, <0.001, <0.001, and <0.001 for PIs and <0.001, <0.001, <0.001, and <0.01 for RIs, respectively). We concluded that renal vascular resistance is raised in children and adolescents with SCD. This is more pronounced in patients with homozygous SCD as compared with those with sickle β-thalassemia.
Quality of institutional care and early childhood development
Authors: Oliveira Paula Salgado , Fearon R. M. Pasco , Belsky Jay , Fachada Inês , Soares Isabel
Published: October 2014

Institutional rearing adversely affects children’s development, but the extent to which specific characteristics of the institutional context and the quality of care provided contribute to problematic development remains unclear. In this study, 72 preschoolers institutionalised for at least 6 months were evaluated by their caregiver using the Child Behavior Checklist and the Disturbances of Attachment Interview. Distal and proximate indices of institutional caregiving quality were assessed using both staff reports and direct observation. Results revealed that greater caregiver sensitivity predicted reduced indiscriminate behaviour and secure-base distortions. A closer relationship with the caregiver predicted reduced inhibited attachment behaviour. Emotional and behavioural problems proved unrelated to caregiving quality. Results are discussed in terms of (non)-shared caregiving factors that influence institutionalised children’s development.
A taxonomy of crowdsourcing based on task complexity
Authors: Nakatsu Robbie T. , Grossman Elissa B. , Iacovou Charalambos L.
Published: October 2014

Although a great many different crowdsourcing approaches are available to those seeking to accomplish individual or organizational tasks, little research attention has yet been given to characterizing how those approaches might be based on task characteristics. To that end, we conducted an extensive review of the crowdsourcing landscape, including a look at what types of taxonomies are currently available. Our review found that no taxonomy explored the multidimensional nature of task complexity. This paper develops a taxonomy whose specific intent is the classification of approaches in terms of the types of tasks for which they are best suited. To develop this task-based taxonomy, we followed an iterative approach that considered over 100 well-known examples of crowdsourcing. The taxonomy considers three dimensions of task complexity: (a) task structure – is the task well-defined, or does it require a more open-ended solution; (2) task interdependence – can the task be solved by an individual, or does it require a community of problem solvers; and (3) task commitment – what level of commitment is expected from crowd members? Based on this taxonomy, we identify seven categories of crowdsourcing and discuss prototypical examples of each approach. Furnished with such an understanding, one should be able to determine which crowdsourcing approach is most suitable for a particular task situation.
K-State automaton burst detection model based on KOS: Emerging trends in cancer field
Authors: Wu QingQiang , Zhang HaiBin , Lan Jing
Published: October 2014

Burst topic detection aims to extract rapidly emerging topics from large volumes of text streams, including scientific literature. Currently there are several burst models and detection algorithms based on different burst definitions, which share the common deficiency that semantic information of topics is not taken into consideration, which results in noisy bursts in identified burst topics. In this paper, a K-state automaton burst detection model based on a KOS (knowledge organization system) is proposed and applied in detecting emerging trends and burst topics in the cancer field. Experiments showed that the K-state automaton burst detection model can better represent the variety of bursts and detect burst concepts with maximal confidence. Furthermore, the application of KOS in the process of concept extraction could effectively remove noisy concepts and enhance the accuracy of identifying burst concepts.
Foucault’s subject and Plato’s mind
Authors: Joosse Albert
Published: October 2014

In this article I engage with Foucault’s reading of the Platonic dialogue Alcibiades in his Hermeneutics of the Subject, developing his view that this text offers a model of the self-constitution of the subject. Foucault’s reading is part of his larger aim to find alternative conceptualizations of subjectivity besides the Cartesian ones that he thinks have dominated modern thought. His reading has been contested; but I argue that the Alcibiades does indeed develop a notion of subjectivity as reflexive and self-constituting. Moreover, two aspects of the text that Foucault misrepresents make even clearer the distance of its notion of subjecthood from a Cartesian view. First, the reflexive subject of the Alcibiades, though viewed as essentially intellectual, is the result of an ascetic practice of self-constitution. Second, this practice is essentially interpersonal, operating through reciprocal and equal dialectic.
Entertaining Fantasies: Lifestyle and Social Life in 1980s America
Authors: Ryan Maureen
Published: October 2014

This article considers the ways in which lifestyle media during the 1980s expressed a longing for a particular form of social life that was passing as neoliberalism presented increasingly consumer-oriented and individualistic modes of life. It frames Martha Stewart’s lifestyle books, and other lifestyle television programs in the 1980s, as predecessors of the logic of the makeover and reality programming discussed by current media scholars. In particular, Stewart’s first two books, Entertaining (1982) and Quick Cook (1983), substituted displays of laborious domesticity and material abundance for lived social relations. The article, therefore, anchors contemporary discussions of lifestyle television and neoliberalism with a historical investigation of how neoliberalism was articulated to lifestyle and came to dominate media texts, and relatedly social life, in the 1980s.
Transplantation of bone marrow stem cells during cardiac surgery
Authors: Ali-Hassan-Sayegh Sadegh , Mirhosseini Seyed Jalil , Lotfaliani Mohammad-Reza , Dehghan Hamid Reza , Sedaghat-Hamedani Farbod , Kayvanpour Elham , Rezaeisadrabadi Mohammad , Ghaffari Naser , Vahabzadeh Vahid , Jebran Ahamd Fawad , Sabashnikov Anton , Popov Aron-Frederik
Published: October 2014

Background

This systematic review with meta-analysis sought to determine the efficacy and safety of intramyocardial transplantation of bone marrow stem cells during coronary artery bypass graft surgery on postoperative cardiac functional parameters such as left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular end-diastolic volume.

Methods

Medline/PubMed, Embase, Elsevier, Sciences online database, and Google Scholar literature search were searched. The effect sizes measured were risk ratio for categorical variables and weighted mean difference with 95% confidence interval for calculating differences between mean values of baseline and follow-up cardiac functional parameters. A value of p < 0.1 for Q test, or I2 > 50%, indicated significant heterogeneity among studies. The literature search retrieved 2900 studies from screened databases, of which 2866 (98.6%) were excluded and 34 (619 patients) were included for scoping review. The final analysis included 9 studies (335 patients).

Results

Pooled effects estimates of left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular end-diastolic volume showed that bone marrow stem cell transplantation had a weighted mean difference of 4.06 (95% confidence interval: 0.41–7.72; p = 0.02) and 7.06 (95% confidence interval: −8.58–22.7; p = 0.3), respectively.

Conclusions

Intramyocardial transplantation of bone marrow stem cells improves cardiac functional parameters, significantly increasing left ventricular ejection fraction with a nonsignificant reduction in left ventricular end-diastolic volume. Also, this therapeutic method has no life-threatening complications and was therefore found to be an effective and safe method.
Subclavian artery aneurysm in a patient with vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Authors: Yasuda Shota , Imoto Kiyotaka , Uchida Keiji , Uranaka Yasuko , Kurosawa Kenji , Masuda Munetaka
Published: October 2014

We describe our experience of surgical treatment in a 28-year-old woman with vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. A right subclavian artery aneurysm was detected. The right vertebral artery arose from the aneurysm. Digital subtraction angiography showed interruption of the left vertebral artery. The aneurysm was excised and the right vertebral artery was anastomosed end-to-side to the right common carotid artery under deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest. The patient remained very well 4 years after surgery, with no late vascular complication.
Pulmonary valvuloplasty for pulmonary atresia-restrictive ventricular septal defect
Authors: Reshmi Liza Jose , Gadhinglajkar Shrinivas , Mathew Thomas , Venkateshwaran Subramanian , Sreedhar Rupa , Dharan Baiju
Published: October 2014

Pulmonary atresia with restrictive ventricular septal defect is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly. A Blalock-Taussig shunt and surgical perforation of the atretic pulmonary valve is often performed as the initial palliation. We present our experience of utilizing both transesophageal and epicardial echocardiography during surgical pulmonary valvuloplasty in a 22-day-old neonate with pulmonary atresia with restrictive ventricular septal defect. The atretic pulmonary valve was perforated using a sheath introduced through the pulmonary artery.
Enforcement and compliance
Authors: Robinson Anne
Published: October 2014

Efforts to secure compliance have always been a core element of probation practice, although compliance has been constructed in diverse ways and promoted through different means throughout its history. This article takes a brief historical perspective and reviews recent research on enforcement practices and developing understandings of compliance. These guide a critical discussion of the practices that might develop as responsibilities for enforcement are divided between the new National Probation Service (NPS) and Community Rehabilitation Companies (CRCs) under the Transforming Rehabilitation agenda, highlighting inevitable tensions and challenges, and anticipating how inter-agency practices might shape the ongoing construction of compliance. Charging more than one agency with responsibilities in relation to enforcement is tricky and creates risks in terms of legitimacy, credibility and justice. On the whole, future prospects seem difficult, but not hopeless and, in particular, there are examples of positive practices in probation and youth justice for the NPS and CRCs to draw upon as they develop their inter-agency structures and processes. Elsewhere, initiatives in problem-solving courts, focused, for example, on drug users, may also give indicators of constructive ways forward.
Exploring positive working relationships in light of the aims of probation, using a collaborative approach
Authors: Lewis Sarah
Published: October 2014

This article begins to consider the factors that promote the formation of a positive working relationship (PWR) between practitioner and probationer. The results from a pilot study are used to review the importance of ‘assist, advice and befriend’ and ‘confront, challenge and change’ within current practitioner−offender relationships. Through collaborative design, five probationers completed visual narratives to explore significant PWRs with criminal justice professionals and 36 probation staff completed a questionnaire to examine their beliefs around PWRs with probationers. The results highlight the benefit of demonstrating a genuine belief in probationers’ capacity to change and are discussed in light of the literature.
Perfusion techniques for minimally invasive valve procedures
Authors: de Jong A , Popa BA , Stelian E , Karazanishvili L , Lanzillo G , Simonini S , Renzi L , Diena M , Tesler UF
Published: October 2014

In this paper, we present, in detail, the simplified perfusion technique that we have adopted since January 2009 and that we have utilized in 200 cases for cardiac minimally invasive valvular procedures that were performed through a right lateral mini-thoracotomy in the 3rd-4th intercostal space. Cardiopulmonary bypass was achieved by means of the direct cannulation of the ascending aorta and the insertion of a percutaneous venous cannula in the femoral vein. A flexible aortic cross-clamp was applied through the skin incision and cardioplegic arrest was obtained with the antegrade delivery of a crystalloid solution. Gravity drainage was enhanced by vacuum-assisted aspiration. There were no technical complications related to this perfusion technique that we have adopted in minimally invasive surgical procedures.
Academic and Career Expectations of Ethnic Minority Youth in Hong Kong
Authors: Cheung Francis , Lai Beatrice P.Y. , Wu Anise M. S. , Ku Lisbeth
Published: October 2014

Based on social-cognitive career theory (SCCT), we explore how ethnic identity, parental occupation, efficacy in learning Chinese, and learning experience relate to ethnic minority adolescents’ academic and career expectations. The participants are 632 Southeast Asian adolescents in Hong Kong. In accordance with SCCT, structural equation modeling results show that ethnic identity is related to learning experience, which in turn is associated with efficacy in learning Chinese. Efficacy in learning Chinese significantly predicts the adolescents’ academic and career expectations, but parental occupation does not. Testing of alternative models also shows that ethnic identity is directly related to the two outcome expectations. We discuss the implications and limitations of the study in the context of extending SCCT to a more interdependent culture and assessing factors that contribute to outcome expectations of ethnic minority groups.
“One Less Car”
Authors: Dalpian Paulo R. C. , da Silveira Teniza , Rossi Carlos A. V.
Published: October 2014

This article examines a counter-hegemonic movement in a developing economy and its participants’ meanings, beliefs, and practices related to consumer resistance and sustainable consumption. The authors first discuss how participants share meanings connected to urban mobility, the intrinsic connection of objects such as bicycles to their identities, and the symbolic nature of these objects. The authors then discuss the participants’ beliefs regarding ideologies of consumption and consumerism as well as their political and social demands and criticism. Finally, their consumption habits are examined and explained at the individual and collective levels. Sustainability is the main influence on their cycling activities and is symbolized in the bicycle as an object. The hedonic side of sustainable consumption is expressed in their shared practices, and their actions are already affecting the city’s policy-making and sustainability initiatives.
Interleukin-10 gene –1082 G/A polymorphism in cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: Meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Kong Ya-Lin , Li Ya-Li , Yin Yan-Wei
Published: October 2014

Objectives

To assess the association between polymorphism in the interleukin (IL)-10 promoter region of 1082 G/A and the risk of cervical cancer and/or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), using meta-analysis.

Methods

The electronic literature databases PubMed®, Embase®, Web of Science, CBMdisc and CNKI were searched for relevant studies. The strength of association between IL-10 gene −1082 G/A polymorphism and cervical cancer and/or CIN was measured using pooled odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals in four genetic models: allelic model (A allele versus G allele); additive model (A/A versus G/G); recessive model (A/A versus G/A+G/G); dominant model (A/A+G/A versus G/G).

Results

Eight studies involving 1983 cases and 1618 controls were identified and included in the meta-analysis. No significant associations were found between IL-10 gene −1082 G/A polymorphism and cervical cancer and/or CIN in any of the genetic models.

Conclusions

IL-10 gene −1082 G/A polymorphism does not appear to be associated with the risk of cervical cancer and/or CIN.
Complete resolution of avascular necrosis of the human femoral head treated with adipose tissue-derived stem cells and platelet-rich plasma
Authors: Pak Jaewoo , Lee Jung Hun , Jeon Jeong Ho , Lee Sang Hee
Published: October 2014

We report a case of a 43-year-old man with early stage (stage 1) avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head treated with adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP). ASC-containing stromal vascular fraction was mixed with PRP and hyaluronic acid. This mixture was then injected into the diseased hip under ultrasound guidance. The affected hip was reinjected weekly with additional PRP for 4 weeks. The patient was followed-up with sequential magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans at 3, 18, and 21 months after treatment, together with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Walking Index, Functional Rating Index, Harris Hip Score, and Range of Motion (ROM) assessments. The patient’s severe hip pain was considerably improved at 3 months after treatment, with pain scores, ROM and MRI showing near complete resolution of AVN. Pain scores, ROM and MRI at 18 and 21 months after treatment indicated complete resolution of AVN. This case represents the first evidence of complete resolution of early stage AVN of the hip following treatment with ASCs/PRP.
Right Ventricular Epicardial Fibrosis in Mice With Sternal Segment Dislocation
Authors: Adissu H. A. , Medhanie G. A. , Morikawa L. , White J. K. , Newbigging S. , McKerlie C.
Published: October 2014

We report coincident sternal segment dislocation and focally extensive right ventricular epicardial fibrosis observed during routine histopathology evaluation of C57BL/6N mice as part of a high throughput phenotyping screen conducted between 4 and 16 weeks of age. This retrospective case series study was conducted to determine whether cardiac fibrosis was a pathological consequence of sternal segment dislocation. We identified sternal segment dislocation in 51 of the total 1103 mice (4.6%) analyzed at 16 weeks of age. Males were more frequently affected. In all cases but 2, the dislocation occurred at the fourth intersternebral joint. In 42 of the 51 cases (82.4%), the dislocation was encased by regenerative cartilaginous callus that protruded internally into the thoracic cavity (intrathoracic callus) and/or externally to the outer aspect of the sternum (extrathoracic callus). Displacement of dislocated ends of the sternum into the thoracic cavity was present in 19 of 51 cases (36.5%). Coincident minimal or mild right ventricular epicardial and subepicardial fibrosis was observed in 22 of the 51 cases (43%) but was not observed in any of the mice in the absence of sternal segment dislocation. Our data suggest that right ventricular fibrosis was likely caused by direct injury of the right ventricle by the dislocated ends of the sternum and/or by intrathoracic callus that develops post dislocation. Potential pathogenesis for the sternal and cardiac lesions and their implication for the interpretation of phenotypes in mouse models of cardiopulmonary and skeletal disease are discussed.
‘Naked abroad’: The continuing imperialism of free trade
Authors: Grocott Chris , Grady Jo
Published: October 2014

This article draws on Gallagher and Robinson (1953) and combines their concepts with insights offered by, amongst others, Callinicos, Eagleton and Harvey, in order to demonstrate continuities between British and US imperialism. They include the willingness of states to engage in imperial action (despite public statements of anti-imperial sentiment); the use of formal and informal control to secure the frontiers of a state’s expanding economy; and the operation of imperialism through collaboration. In order to avoid the problems of earlier Marxist-Leninist interpretations of British imperialism, and in order to extend the analysis, the concepts of ideology, elites and neoliberalism are applied.
Dialectics and democracy in Georg Lukács’s Marxism
Authors: Grollios Vasilis
Published: October 2014

This article aims to bring to the surface the philosophical background of Georg Lukács’s democratic theory by investigating his philosophy of dialectics in depth. It presents an innovative interpretation of his understanding of the role of the general committee of the Communist Party in the transition to socialism, and his support of Stalinism. Its aim is to investigate, in a far more rigorous way than has been done before, the relation of his theory of dialectics to the Frankfurt School’s theory of dialectics. Thus, for the first time in the literature, Lukács’s understanding of the role of the party is analysed by relating it to Max Horkheimer’s understanding of the role of the traditional intellectual.
‘20 tins of Stella for a fiver’: The making of class through Labour and Coalition government alcohol policy
Authors: Haydock William
Published: October 2014

Alcohol use in the UK has been a key concern to both the Labour and Coalition governments, and commands considerable attention in the media and academic discussions. This article analyses how recent government policy discussions have defined particular forms of drinking as problematic, and how these definitions and associated policy initiatives can be seen as part of a wider symbolic economy through which people come to be valued differently, incorporating ideas of economic, cultural and social capital. Therefore, I argue that government policies and discussions of drinking are a key way in which class is constituted in contemporary Britain.
Migraine and cerebral blood flow in the general population
Authors: Loehrer Elizabeth , Vernooij Meike W , van der Lugt Aad , Hofman Albert , Ikram M Arfan
Published: October 2014

Introduction

Observations that migraine increases risk of cardiovascular disease and ischemic brain changes may suggest sustained vascular differences between migraineurs and controls. In a population-based setting, we compared cerebral blood flow between migraineurs in the attack-free period and controls.

Methods

Between 2006 and 2008, 2642 participants, aged 45–65, from the Rotterdam Study completed a migraine questionnaire and had complete usable MRI data. Participants were classified into controls (N = 2033), probable migraine (N = 153), or migraine (N = 456). Using 2D phase contrast MRI, we performed a cross-sectional analysis of the effect of migraine on total cerebral blood flow (tCBF), parenchymal cerebral blood flow (pCBF), and blood flow in each intracranial arterial using linear regression. Additionally, we performed stratified analysis of subtypes of migraine.

Results

Compared with controls, migraineurs had higher pCBF (1.07 ml/min/100 ml, 95% CI 0.08; 2.05). In particular, migraineurs had significantly higher blood flow in the basilar artery (4.70 ml/min, 95% CI 0.77; 8.62).

Discussion

Migraineurs in the attack-free period have higher pCBF, particularly basilar artery flow, compared to controls, supporting the notion of sustained vascular differences between these groups outside of migraine attacks.
Qatar National Library – Architecture as innovation in the Arab world
Authors: Lux Claudia
Published: October 2014

The new National Library of Qatar is introduced, beginning with the announcement of the planned library, its core mission, the staffing, the services, and the collections as it readies itself for opening day. A unique open concept architecture was selected that invites exploration and creativity by library users. The National Library will also serve as a central university library in Education City as well as a metropolitan library for all the citizens of Qatar. This article also demonstrates an innovative method of merging all collections regardless of the intended audience.
Reflections on ideology
Authors: Susen Simon
Published: October 2014

The main purpose of this article is to demonstrate the enduring relevance of the concept of ideology to contemporary sociological analysis. To this end, the article draws upon central arguments put forward by Pierre Bourdieu and Luc Boltanski in ‘La production de l’idéologie dominante’ [‘The Production of the Dominant Ideology’]. Yet, the important theoretical contributions made in this enquiry have been largely ignored by contemporary sociologists, even by those who specialize in the critical study of ideology. This article intends to fill this gap in the literature by illustrating that useful lessons can be learned from Bourdieu and Boltanski’s critical investigation, as it provides crucial insights into the principal characteristics and functions of ideologies, including the ways in which they develop and operate in advanced capitalist societies. The article is divided into two main parts: the first part examines various universal features of ideology; the second part aims to shed light on several particular features of dominant ideology. The paper concludes by arguing that the ‘end of ideology’ thesis, despite the fact that it raises valuable sociological questions, is ultimately untenable.