bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge mobilisation for translating evidence-based guidelines into practice. Lessons from using the Normalisation Process Theory to understand adherence to guidance on MgSO4 in preterm labour
Authors: Pithara-McKeown Christalla , Stone Tracey , Treloar Emma , Donovan Jenny , Luyt Karen , Redwood Sabi
Published: October 2024

Background
The administration of magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) in preterm labour is an evidence-based intervention recommended by the United Kingdom’s National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) to prevent neurological damage to the infant. However, uptake varies across UK maternity units. We used findings from implementation research in England, Scotland and Wales to explore knowledge mobilisation as a mechanism for improving adherence to clinical guidance.
Methods
Data were collected using semi-structured interviews for a process evaluation of the PReCePT (Preventing Cerebral Palsy in Pre-Term Labour) National Programme, the PReCePT cRCT study, and a study investigating MgSO4 guidance implementation in Scotland and Wales. Normalisation Process Theory informed data collection and analysis. Data were analysed using the framework method.
Results
Interviews with 68 strategic and clinical leads and implementers from the three nations suggested that despite evidence being necessary and important for policy decision-making, clinical leadership intervention decisions were motivated by audit data and benchmarking. Implementation success was impaired by degrees of silo working and rigid role boundaries, alongside differences in implementers’ ability to mobilise social-cognitive (e.g. commitment by maternity, neonatal and obstetric teams), and social-structural resources such as staff capacity, articulated workflows, and culture.
Cross-organisational, diverse and collaborative communities of practice (CoPs) rooted in distributed leadership created a nexus between national and regional leadership, patient group representatives, implementers i.e. clinical leads and champions, and perinatal clinical teams. They provided a platform for CoP participants to build relationships and share knowledge, and together negotiate meaning, co-design implementation plans, share operational enablers such as strategies and products, and assess progress. Where training opportunities were provided alongside mentoring and peer support, CoPs created implementation resource i.e. capacity and capability within the perinatal system. Backfill funding for champions and protected time away from clinical duties were required to enable participation, especially for champions in resource-poor settings.
Conclusions
Opportunities to participate in collaborative, diverse, cross-organisational CoPs where knowledge and innovation can be co-created, shared, and spread across the perinatal ecosystem, can help address disparities in clinical teams’ ability to implement evidence-based interventions. Participation relies on backfill funding for champions, and a system-wide commitment to improvement.
HIV persists in late coronary atheroma and is associated with increased local inflammation and disease progression
Authors: Wanjalla Celestine , Obare Laventa , Bailin Samuel , Zhang Xiuqi , Nthenge Kisyua , Priest Stephen , Liu Qi , Stolze Lindsay , Sheng Quanhu , Gangula Rama , Behrens Madelaine , Jenkins Brenita , Prasad Praveena , Neikirk Kit , Prakash Prem , Hogan Meghan , Zhang Liang , Beasley Heather K. , Shao Jianqiang , Miller-Fleming Tyne W. , Actkins Kyera V. , Phillips Mark A. , Hubert David , Malone Jordan , Labeb Cassia , Gelbard Alexander , Chaillon Antoine , Mashayekhi Mona , Gabriel Curtis , Temu Tecla M. , Olson Lana M. , Jones Angela , Beeri Karen , Baker Paxton G. , Kawai Kenji , Ghosh Saikat Kumar B. , Guo Laing , Virmani Renu , Finn Aloke V , Shah Palak , Yang Tzushan , Bick Alexander , Kirabo Annet , Su Yan , Phillips Elizabeth , Mallal Simon , Dash Chandravanu , Koethe John , Gianella Sara , McReynolds Melanie R. , Absi Tarek , Hinton Antentor
Published: October 2024

Chronic inflammation contributes to the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in people living with HIV (PLWH). The immune mechanisms driving atherosclerosis progression in PLWH remain unclear. This study conducted comprehensive assessments of medium-sized coronary arteries and aorta from deceased PLWH and controls without HIV using DNA/RNA assays, spatial transcriptomics, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Findings revealed more significant inflammation correlated with higher HIV copy numbers in late atheroma of PLWH. Enhanced CXCL12 and decreased ABCA1/ABCG1 expression in CD163+ macrophages were co-localized in coronaries of PLWH, suggesting a reduction in plasma lipoprotein clearance compared to controls. Spatial analyses identified potential therapeutic targets by revealing inflammatory changes in medium-sized arteries and the aorta. We examined the relationship between atherosclerotic phenotypes and inflammatory gene expression in Vanderbilts Biobank to study these findings in a larger clinical cohort. This established a significant association between ABCA1 and CXCL12 gene expressions with atherosclerosis, partly influenced by HIV.
Hydrolyzing NAD to NMN and AMP by SelO is Required for Mitochondria Homeostasis
Authors: Wang Ting , Jia Xiaofan , Zhang Teng , Yang Chenxi , Wu Li , Diao Longfei , Yang Yuting , Wu Jie , Li Yeyi , Jiang Peng , Yu Qiujing , Fu Yuan
Published: October 2024

The regulation of mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (mNAD) is crucial for numerous life processes. However, until now, no metabolic reaction responsible for downregulating mNAD has been identified. Through in silico screening of potential NAD-binding proteins, we discovered a previously unrecognized reaction where NAD+ (or NADH) is hydrolyzed to NMN (or NMNH) and AMP in mitochondria. This reaction is catalyzed by the selenoprotein SelO, with Mn2+ serving as an essential cofactor. Selenocysteine 667 on the SelO protein plays a critical role in its NAD-hydrolyzing activity. SelO directly interacts with the mitochondrial trifunctional complex, and inhibits lipid β-oxidation, where NAD+ is required as an essential cofactor. This reaction is enhanced by a gradual increase in pH, which signals heightened mitochondrial catabolism, and it downregulates matrix pH as a negative feedback mechanism to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis. The NAD-hydrolyzing activity of SelO and its role in lipid oxidation are conserved across distant species, from mammalian cells to bacteria. Furthermore, SelO has been identified as a direct target of scutellarein, a clinically used agent for various ailments. These findings reveal a conserved mechanism for spatiotemporal NAD regulation, and highlight its physiological significance across both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Research on hot deformation characterization of a new weathering steel through processing map and microstructural observation
Authors: Cheng Jian
Published: October 2024

Investigations using hot compression tests on a new high-strength weathering steel revealed specific deformation behaviors across different conditions. These tests were performed at temperatures ranging from 850 to 1050°C and at strain rates from 0.01 s⁻¹ to 5 s⁻¹. Results indicated that a decrease in the deformation temperature combined with an increase in strain rate notably enhanced both the maximum stress and strain achieved. Notably, above 900°C and with strain rates below 0.1 s⁻¹, the flow stress of the material reached a steady state at certain strain levels. At a strain rate of 1 s⁻¹, irrespective of the temperature, the steel shows a continuous strain hardening behavior, achieving no stable flow stress state. Notably, when the true strain exceeds 0.8, an unusual increase in flow stress occurs, predominantly due to secondary work hardening effects. The microstructural changes in the deformed samples were examined using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), which helped elucidate the softening mechanisms inherent in this high-strength steel. Further, processing maps developed from true strains of 0.1 to 0.9, derived from the experimental flow stress data, suggest controlling the strain within 0.2 to 0.4 to minimize instability during hot working.
First image-guided treatment of a mouse tumor with radioactive ion beams
Authors: Durante Marco , Boscolo Daria , Lovatti Giulio , Sokol Olga , Vitacchio Tamara , Evangelista Francesco , Haettner Emma , Tinganelli Walter , Graeff Christian , Weber Uli , Schuy Christoph , Nitta Munetaka , Moglioni Martina , Kostyleva Daria , Purushothaman Sivaji , Thirolf P , Bortfeldt Jonathan , Scheidenberger C. , Parodi Katia
Published: October 2024

Radioactive ion beams (RIB) are a key focus of current research in nuclear physics. Already long ago it was proposed that they could have applications in cancer therapy. In fact, while charged particle therapy is potentially the most effective radiotherapy technique available, it is highly susceptible to uncertainties in the beam range. RIB are well-suited for image-guided particle therapy, as isotopes that undergo β+-decay can be precisely visualized using positron emission tomography (PET), enabling accurate real-time monitoring of the beam range. We successfully treated a mouse osteosarcoma using a radioactive 11C-ion beam. The tumor was located in the neck, in close proximity to the spinal cord, increasing the risk of radiation-induced myelopathy from even slight variations in the beam range caused by anatomical changes or incorrect calibration of the planning CT. We managed to completely control the tumor with the highest dose while minimizing toxicity. Low-grade neurological side effects were correlated to the positron activity measured in the spine. The biological washout of the activity from the tumor volume was dependent on the dose, indicating a potential component of vascular damage at high doses. This experiment marks the first instance of tumor treatment using RIB and paves the way for future clinical applications.
Orogastric Exposure of Cynomolgus Macaques to Bovine HPAI H5N1 Virus Results in Subclinical Infection
Authors: Feldmann Heinz , Rosenke Kyle , Griffin Amanda , Kaiser Franziska , Altynova Ekaterina , Mukesh Reshma , Flagg Meaghan , Tipih Thomas , Goldin Kerry , Wickenhagen Arthur , Williamson Brandi , Gallogly Shane , Leventhal Shanna , Lutterman Tessa , Okumura Atsuhi , Lewis Matthew , Yinda Claude Kwe , Rao Deepashri , Smith Brian , Shaia Carl , Saturday Greg , Hanley Patrick , Doremalen Neeltje van , de Wit Emmie , Munster Vincent
Published: October 2024

Since early 2022 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus infections have been reported in wild aquatic birds and poultry throughout the United States (US) with spillover into several mammalian species1-6. In March 2024, HPAIV H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b was first detected in dairy cows in Texas, US currently affecting more than 190 dairy farms in 14 states7,8. Milk production and quality are diminished in infected dairy cows, with high virus titers in milk raising concerns of exposure through consumption9-12. Here we investigated routes of infection with HPAIV H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in cynomolgus macaques, a surrogate model for human infection13. We show that intranasal or intratracheal inoculation of macaques caused systemic infection resulting in mild and severe respiratory disease, respectively. In contrast, infection by the orogastric route resulted in limited infection and seroconversion of macaques which remained subclinical. The study shows that consumption of contaminated products, such as milk, may lead to self-limiting, subclinical infection in primates.
The core competencies in disaster nursing and influencing factors among clinical nurses in Guangzhou: a cross-sectional study based on latent profile analysis
Authors: Ma Chaoqun , Zhang Qishan , Wen Gongzhen , Weng Danting , He Pingjuan , Lai Jinjia , Chen Hanxi , Deng Shaojuan , Deng Qiuying , Tan Yibing
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveTo explore the core competencies in disaster nursing possessed by clinical nurses in Guangzhou, China, and then to uncover the influencing factors that shape these competencies.
Methods A cross-sectional design of 1,151 nurses from Guangzhou was conducted from December 2022 to February 2023.A localized scale was compiled to construct a measurement tool that conforms to international standards and China's actual situation, providing guidance for analyzing capability shortcomings and constructing training programs and improving the disaster response level of Chinese nurses. Latent Profile Analysis (LPA), univariate analysis, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the predictors of latent profile membership and their influencing factors.
Results A total of 1151 questionnaires were valid.The core competencies of nurses were categorized into three distinct groups: deficient competence group(62.6%),moderate competence group(26.6%), and acceptable competence group(16.9%).Factors such as participation in disaster relief, drills, and belonging to emergency/disaster medical response teams were found to be significant influences.
ConclusionHeterogeneity exists in the core competencies of disaster nursing among nurses in Guangzhou, with the moderate competence group scoring the highest in the legal and ethical dimensions. This study recommends the implementation of targeted training programs and multidisciplinary drills to enhance the capabilities of nurses.
Salidroside protect renal function against inflammation and oxidative stress by NF-κB p65/NLRP3 pathway signaling in streptozocin induced diabetic nephropathy mice
Authors: Zhao Shu-ming , Liu Ling-yu , He Zhuo-en , Zhang Chi , Wang Hao , He Jin-yue , Wang Ming-qing , Wei Lian-bo , Hu Rong
Published: October 2024

Inflammation and oxidative stress have been reported to be a common product of many pathways that are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Salidroside, the major active compound in Rhodiola, provide multiple biological activities and has protective effects for alleviating diabetic renal dysfunction. However, the involved molecular mechanism was still not clarified well. In this study, we intended to explore the protective effects and further mechanism of salidroside in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Biochemical analysis was processed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and antioxidative effects in serum and kidney homogenate. Thus, the results showed that salidroside effectively reduced the level of blood glucose and GSP, ameliorated the renal function and kidney fibrosis in STZ-induced DN mice. STZ induced inflammation and oxidative stress in mice, which aggravated renal injury. Salidroside also suppressed the expression of proinflammatory factors (including IL-1, IL-1β, TNF-α) and the decreased MDA level, but increased the level of CAT, GSH-Px and SOD activity in STZ-induced mice. In mechanism, salidroside inhibited the expression of NF-κB p65 and NLRP3 pathway related proteins in vivo. Our findings suggest that salidroside improved renal inflammation and oxidative stress by inhibiting p65 and NLRP3 expression in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Our study provides a new potential treatment on diabetic nephropathy.
Comparative Analysis of AI-Generated Research Content: Evaluating ChatGPT and Google Gemini
Authors: Akhoon Irfan ul haq , Khan Mashood Yousuf , Bhat Tajamul Ahmad
Published: October 2024

Background:
The advent of Natural Language Generation (NLG) models like ChatGPT and Google Bard has transformed academic writing by automating the creation of research articles. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of these AI tools in academic content generation, with a focus on their authenticity, relevance, and potential for plagiarism. Additionally, it explores the ethical concerns associated with AI-generated research articles.
Methods:
The research employs a comparative analysis of articles generated by ChatGPT and Google Gemini, using Turnitin, a plagiarism detection tool, to assess the originality of the content. Key parameters, such as citation accuracy, reference authenticity, and the similarity index, were examined to evaluate the validity and ethical use of these AI tools.
Results:
The findings reveal that while ChatGPT and Google Gemini generate coherent articles, both tools frequently produce fabricated citations and references. ChatGPT adhered to APA citation styles but used non-existent sources, while Google Gemini presented some authentic sources but failed to follow proper citation formats. The similarity index for AI-generated content was lower than anticipated, but the repetition of limited sources compromised the comprehensiveness of the work.
Conclusion:
AI tools like ChatGPT and Google Gemini hold potential for streamlining research article generation, but human supervision remains critical. The study emphasizes the need for ethical guidelines and robust content verification methods to mitigate issues such as plagiarism and fabricated data. Researchers and institutions are encouraged to adopt AI tools responsibly, ensuring their use enhances academic integrity rather than undermines it.
Productivity and quality of beet (Beta vulgaris L.) under different drip irrigation management methodologies
Authors: Azevedo Angelo Tiago , Coelho Rubens Duarte , Barros Timóteo Herculino Silva
Published: October 2024

Water management in irrigated agriculture, aiming for the sustainability of the activity, faces significant challenges in a scenario of water scarcity, associated with high electricity costs for pump operation and irrigation water rights. This study evaluated the effects of different irrigation management techniques on beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) productivity and quality in a controlled environment. Climate-based methods (weather station, evaporation pan), soil-based methods (capacitive moisture sensors, tensiometry), and commercial methods were compared, revealing significant variability in applied water (132–408 mm), yield (53–88 tons ha− 1), and water use efficiency (20.4–45.2 kg m− 3). Soil-based methods, particularly the SoilWatch sensor, resulted in the highest productivity and quality, while tensiometry demonstrated superior water use efficiency. Climate-based methods showed potential but required precise parameter calibration. The commercial method, while productive, exhibited lower water use efficiency with its default settings. The study underscores the importance of integrating real-time soil moisture monitoring for optimal irrigation management in beetroot cultivation, emphasizing the need to tailor strategies based on specific crop and environmental conditions.
Sexual and reproductive health of Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh: A systematic review
Authors: Hossain Muhammad Anwar , Sawleshwarkar Shailendra , Zablotska-Manos Iryna
Published: October 2024

The Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh, a severely persecuted ethnic minority of Myanmar, face numerous challenges related to their sexual and reproductive health (SRH), including access to appropriate services. This systematic review examines the SRH status of Rohingya refugee women in Bangladesh, focusing on barriers to accessing SRH services and interventions to address their specific SRH needs. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted across databases, including PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus, as well as gray literature, from August 2017 to July 2023. Both quantitative and qualitative studies were included, with data extraction and analysis performed independently by two authors using a narrative synthesis approach. Out of 394 citations, ten studies met the criteria. The findings revealed that 48.9% of Rohingya women were unaware of SRH service access, only 11% received frequent (once fortnightly) visits by family planning personnel, 70% lacked knowledge about HIV/STIs, and over two-thirds believed that family planning required husband approval. The prevalence of contraceptive use was 50.9%, with cultural and religious beliefs and gender dynamics significantly influencing family size decisions. The review emphasizes the need for comprehensive, community-based interventions, including door-to-door visits, culturally tailored outreach programs, and SRH education within refugee camps. To address the SRH needs of Rohingya women, adopting a multifaceted approach that promotes SRH education, improves service accessibility, and empowers women to make informed reproductive choices is essential.
Registration: This review is registered with PROSPERO under the ID CRD42023444386.
First-trimester DNA Methylome profiling identifies novel predictors for gestational diabetes mellitus in Indian women
Authors: Gokulakrishnan Kuppan , Thirumoorthy Chinnasamy , Sharma Kuldeep , Ram Uma , Deepa Mohan , Weldeselassie Yonas , Asres Hailemariam , Venkatesh U , Binukumar B , Radha Venkatesan , Popova Polina , Sharma Sapna , Grallert Harald , Anjana Ranjit Mohan , Balasubramanyam Muthuswamy , Tandon Nikhil , Mohan Viswanathan , Saravanan Ponnusamy
Published: October 2024

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) poses significant health risks for both mothers and offspring, necessitating early detection strategies. We aimed to identify specific DNA methylation signatures in early pregnancy to enhance GDM prediction. We quantified the Epigenome-wide DNA methylation profiles in 258 individuals with normal fasting glucose at early pregnancy (< 16 weeks), of whom 43% (n=111) developed GDM. We identified a panel of five CpGs (cg10139015, cg23507676, cg11001216, cg04539775, cg04985016) that predicted GDM with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.82 (sensitivity: 82% and specificity: 77%). Combining these CpGs with maternal risk factors (age, waist-height ratio, family history of diabetes, HbA1c, and blood pressure) achieved the highest predictive ability (AUC = 0.86). Our findings suggest that a panel of 5 CpGs exhibits robust predictive value, highlighting the feasibility of creating a CpG panel to predict GDM as early as the first trimester. This has the potential to enhance diagnostic and preventive strategies for GDM.
Az Esztergomi Érseki Tanítóképző diákjainak és tanárainak megpróbáltatásai az 1948. évi államosítás körüli küzdelmek kapcsán I. – Félresikerült diákcsínyből koncepciós eljárás
Authors: Donáth Péter
Published: October 2024

1948 júniusában – a Mindszenty bíborosérsekkel, s a katolikus egyházzal az iskolák államosításával kapcsolatosan folytatott küzdelem egy mozzanataként – az állambiztonsági szervek és a politikai propaganda országos figyelmének központjába került az Esztergomi Érseki Tanítóképző diákjainak és tanárainak ügye. Június 12-én egy honvéd akadémistákból álló század vonult el megfélemlítő céllal a képző épülete előtt. Néhány képzős diák a nyitott ablakon át kamaszos hévvel kritizálta menetüket, s az államosítás körüli feszült légkörben becsmérlő megjegyzéseket tett a katonákra, a honvédségre. Ők feljelentést tettek, mire június 14-én a rendőrség és a katonaság megszállta a képző épületét, házkutatást tartott s a beszólásokban részesnek vélt tanulókat őrizetbe vette. Vallatásuk során arra ösztönözte őket, hogy olyat is vállaljanak magukra, amit nem mondtak, s tettük okát hárítsák az érseki képző nevelésére, tanáraik valós, vagy vélt demokráciaellenes megnyilatkozásaira, így ők hamar szabadulhatnak. A dokumentatív elbeszélés első része a történtek körülményeit s a koncepciós eljárás tanárok elleni vádjai megszületésének folyamatát írja le kortárs visszaemlékezések, öt levéltár anyagai és a korabeli sajtó alapján.
Analysis of vibration characteristics of ship propeller spindle
Authors: Li Dan , Du Youwei , Tian Yuqin
Published: October 2024

In order to obtain the vibration response characteristics of the propeller spindle system effectively and accurately, and provide the basis for the subsequent fault diagnosis, the modal simulation and test of the spindle model were carried out. With the propeller set as eccentric mass, the amplitude and torsion angle of the spindle model were simulated under the condition of excited vibration and unexcited vibration respectively, and the frequency response of bending and torsion under the coupled condition was obtained. The newmark-β method was used to solve the transient response of the bent-torsional coupling model. The results shows that when the propeller spindle system undergoes rotation at a specific frequency and experiences bending vibration excitation force, the latter will induce torsional vibration response. Moreover, the amplitude of the torsional vibration response varies with changes in the frequency of the bending vibration excitation force.
Preparation and properties of polyamide elastomers by a new synthesis route of Michael addition reaction
Authors: Rao Houdong , Sheng Youna , Zhang Dongyang , Zhang Ling , Li Zixian , Wei Liuhe , Li Yuhan
Published: October 2024

At present, the mainstream industrial synthesis method of polyamide is still bulk fusion polymerization, which is not in line with the concept of green synthesis because of the high threshold of reaction conditions and large energy consumption. Based on this, a new synthesis route of polyamide elastomer was studied in this paper. By synthesizing the end-functionalized long carbon chain diacrylamide (DDA) containing amide bonds, the synthesis mechanism was made by the thiol double bond Michael addition reaction. A series of polyamide elastomers with different ratios of hard and soft segments were synthesized by using dimercaptan chain extenders with different molecular weights. The results showed that the new synthesis route successfully prepared DDA and polyamide elastomers. The mechanical properties of the products were excellent, and the strain rate could reach 383 %. Tensile strength up to 23.08 MPa. The synthesis route has the characteristics of simple reaction process, mild reaction conditions and high reaction conversion rate. It provides theoretical guidance for the new synthesis route of polyamide elastomer.
Triangular state stress and deformation analysis of deformable tracked wheel
Authors: Chen Yu , Cao Yu , Zhang Lei , Lei Mengfeng
Published: October 2024

The Variable Morphology Wheel-Track Mechanism (VMWTM) is an innovative mobile platform design designed to overcome the limitations of traditional track and wheel designs in different terrains and mission requirements. Based on the importance of the crawler wheel in the tracked vehicle, the vehicle transmission shaft transmits the power and torque of the power source to the crawler chassis, so the overall working performance of the vehicle depends to a certain extent on the performance of the crawler wheel. In-depth and detailed research on the structure of the track wheel module is an important issue in the current vehicle design and manufacturing work. Based on the relevant theories and technologies of the finite element method, this paper conducts in-depth analysis and design. Taking the whole crawler wheel mechanism and the key components as the analysis object, the basic research method is the finite element method. The working principle of the crawler wheel is analyzed, and the load calculation, stress characteristics and structural strength of the key components of the triangular crawler wheel module are deeply explored according to the technical requirements and actual working conditions.
The evolution of the Canadian (CCME) Water Quality Index
Authors: Swain Leslie Grant
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the development of the Canadian Water Quality Index (CWQI) from its origins in British Columbia through to the final formulation. The CWQI was adopted in Canada in 2003 by the National Round Table on the Environment and Economy as one of six indicators for reporting on natural capital to Canadians. CWQI values are compared between 2002 and 2022. The trend in water quality between the first year that data were reported for each site and 2022 at 160 sites across southern Canada showed that there was at least some deterioration at 41% of sites, no change at 48% of sites, and an improvement in quality at 11% of the 160 sites.
La inestabilidad de nuestro presente: a propósito de la obra de Germán Carrillo
Authors: Fernández Vilas Enrique
Published: October 2024

Advertía Tony Judt, que “el pasado no fue ni tan bueno ni tan malo como imaginamos: solo fue diferente. Si nos contamos historias nostálgicas, nunca abordaremos los problemas que afrontamos en el presente, y lo mismo es cierto si preferimos creer que nuestro mundo es mejor en todos los sentidos” (2011, p. 51). Estudiar las sociedades contemporáneas en el marco capitalista supone un ejercicio de revisionismo histórico y de autocrítica antropológica que, en última instancia, entienda las falacias del pensamiento único en su enorme complejidad, profundizando en sus debilidades estructurales y sociohistóricas.
Um Tesouro dos inícios do século XV em Penela da Beira: proposta de dissertação de mestrado
Authors: Moreira João
Published: October 2024

The main purpose of this text is to explain our proposition for the completion of a master's degree in Archaeology at the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the University of Porto. The content focuses on the analysis of a monetary find in Penela da Beira, a town on the edge of the district of Viseu, during the reign of King João I. With this, we intend to present the circumstances in which it was found and the main goals we set out to investigate.
Apontamentos sobre atividade com guitarra clásica no inicio do século XX em Portugal
Authors: Rodrigues Prada Soares Teresinha
Published: October 2024

O texto relata uma comunicação realizada no “I Congresso Guitarrístico de Braga” a respeito do trabalho de António Augusto Urceira junto à guitarra clássica e traz informações de pesquisas subsequentes com dados sobre a atuação de contemporâneos seus no cenário guitarrístico português da primeira metade do século XX, entre os quais Agustín Rebel Fernández, Adolfo Alves Rente e outros nomes. Como desfecho, infere-se que o trabalho à guitarra clássica na primeira metade do século XX em Portugal ainda era pouco percetível.
Assessing Fatphobia in Public Library Programming: Is Wellness Size-Inclusive?
Authors: Shelton Amanda , Chabot Roger , Hill Heather , Bossaller Jenny
Published: October 2024

This content analysis of wellness-related library programs and programming materials seeks to discover the perception of larger bodies within library health programming. Fatphobia or sizeism is prevalent in the wellness industry and within healthcare. Libraries are trusted resources for health information. Informed by the fields of fat studies, we approached health programming in libraries by asking if larger people would feel welcome and able to attend. We examined twenty libraries’ programs over the past year as well as library conference programs and programming materials from several websites. There was little evidence of explicit sizeism, but some resources reproduced sizeist stereotypes and language. This presentation takes a fat pedagogy approach to focus on methods for ensuring access to all and expanding current definitions of inclusivity so that people with larger bodies recognize that libraries are welcoming spaces.
Actively Learning and Practicing Ethical Stewardship
Authors: Buchanan Sarah A. , Fritz Angela , Gunn Chelsea , Hirschy Jeff , Pucciarelli Alexandra N. , Thaler Jane , Thaxton Mahogany
Published: October 2024

The Archival / Preservation Education SIG session offers pedagogical insights on master’s-level information science and archival education. Five ten-minute individual presentations and audience discussion explore educators’ active learning activities; presenters bring perspectives from multiple states.
“Teaching and Practicing Ethical Stewardship” by Sarah Buchanan reflects on graduate archival classroom experiences with the lodestar of ethical stewardship. 
“Exploring Digitized GLAM Collections through the Lens of Critical Data Literacy” by Angela Fritz shares some active learning principles that have provided an instructional framework for the critical analysis of digitized collections in graduate classes focusing on archives and digital preservation. 
“The Interconnected Educational World of Archives” by Jeff Hirschy presents a pedagogical argument for breaking down the rigidity of “correct” archival boxes in the archival educational space. 
“Fostering Inclusivity: A Comprehensive Exploration of Disability Justice in Information Institution” by Alexandra Pucciarelli proposes approaches to integrate disability justice into archival education. 
“Connecting Curriculum to Community: Findings and Recommendations from the Classroom” by Chelsea Gunn, Jane Thaler, and Mahogany Thaxton outlines insights and findings from interviews with community archivists in Pittsburgh conducted during the Connecting Curriculum to Community project. 
The moderator will facilitate Q&A within and across the presentations.
Truth, Knowledge, and Information Literacy: An Aporetic Approach
Authors: Choi Jeongbae
Published: October 2024

This paper aims to conduct a critical examination of the foundational assumptions and challenges of information literacy (IL), serving as a timely ‘reality check’ and a constructive instance of ‘problem-posing’. To this end, it advocates for an ‘aporetic’ approach, which constitutes a pivotal tool in philosophical inquiry. This approach posits that aporia—puzzlement rooted in the conflict of reasons—compels us to confront and grapple with (seemingly) insurmountable problems. It thereby creates opportunities to rethink fundamental concepts, theories, and perspectives. Through a critical literature review, this paper scrutinizes IL aporias across six scopes: conceptualization, theorization, philosophical underpinning, challenge, critique, and prospect. As a part of a broader project, the study focuses primarily on two key topics: truth and knowledge. The literature review identifies two aporias in IL: the disjunction between knowing and learning of knowledge, and the tension between information as objective truth and subjective interpretation of information, i.e., informativeness.
Trust in Materials: Library Workers’ Adoption and Adaptation of Open Educational Resources
Authors: Mattern Eleanor , Vasudevan Veena , Gunn Chelsea , Ghilani Jessica , Monk Elizabeth
Published: October 2024

This paper reports on an exploration of library workers’ perceptions of open educational resources (OER) and the characteristics that support adoption. Library workers play important roles in connecting educators to relevant OER and in developing OER that are used in library instruction and library and information science (LIS) education. In this focus group study, we investigated the characteristics and qualities of OER that library workers identify as essential in supporting adoption, including trustworthiness of OER, examples and stories of use, adaptability of materials, modular organization, and clear metadata. This paper overviews these characteristics and offers recommendations for library workers and library and information science faculty who are developing OER.
ENHANCING THE MEDICAL IMAGES QUALITY USING ADAPTIVE GENETIC ALGORITHM
Authors:   Rajalakshmi Institute of Technology, India, C Srivenkateswaran , Bose K. Regin ,   Rajalakshmi Institute of Technology, India, J.Brearley Belwin ,   B.S.Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, India, Josephine D.C. Jullie ,   Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, India
Published: October 2024

It is obvious that there is a need for a Medical Decisiveness Determine System (MDDS) should be able to diagnose abnormalities in medical imaging. This is because the medical diagnosis system in health care sectors requires assistants to serve as secondary opinions for medical practitioners. During the process of picture acquisition, it is common practice to adjust the contrast level of medical images in order to prevent image degradation. Contrast enhancement in medical images is typically seen as an optimisation problem, and the Adaptive Genetic Algorithm (AGA) algorithm is utilised in order to arrive at the best possible answer. The findings of the comparison are established between the Adaptive Genetic Algorithm that has been proposed and other algorithms that are already in existence. A number of different performance indicators, including PSNR, SSIM, MSSIM, IFC, VIF, VSNR, MSE, SDME, and NAE, are utilised in order to make comparisons between the results. Methods that have been developed and those that already exist are evaluated using a variety of cancer pictures. As a result, the contrast and quality of medical images can be improved through the utilisation of AGA, which also offers a higher contrast level of medical images, hence facilitating improved decision-making by medical professionals.
COMPREHENSIVE COLOR VISION ENHANCEMENT FOR COLOR VISION DEFICIENCY: A TENSORFLOW AND KERAS BASED APPROACH
Authors:   University of Mumbai, India, Pendhari Nazneen , Shaikh Danish ,   University of Mumbai, India, Shaikh Nida ,   University of Mumbai, India, Nagori Abdul Gaffar ,   University of Mumbai, India
Published: October 2024

Individuals with color vision deficiency (CVD) often encounter challenges in navigating and interacting with their environment due to limitations in perceiving colors accurately. This deficiency can impede various daily tasks and activities, leading to dependency on others for assistance with color-related tasks and potentially limiting independence and inclusivity. Addressing these challenges, our research focuses on the development of a machine learning-based color transformation system. Leveraging TensorFlow and Keras frameworks, the system employs advanced machine learning techniques to identify and transform colors within images, ultimately enhancing visibility for individuals with CVD. The primary objective is to empower individuals with CVD by providing a real-world tool that improves color visibility in images and enables self-assessment of their condition. This solution aims to enhance navigation, reduce dependency on others for color-related tasks, and foster inclusivity through technological innovation. Additionally, our research emphasizes the accuracy and reliability of the machine learning models through rigorous testing and validation procedures, ensuring effectiveness across various scenarios and image types. An intuitive and user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI) is prioritized to cater to individuals with diverse technical abilities. Beyond its immediate impact, the research seeks to raise awareness and promote understanding of color vision deficiency within the broader community, ultimately contributing to a more equitable and accessible society for all.
Evaluating User Experiences and Preferred Features of a Web-Based 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Tool: Usability Study (Preprint)
Authors: Follong Berit , Haliburton Caitlin , Mackay Sally , Maiquez Maria , Grey Jacqueline , Ni Mhurchu Cliona
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Intake24, a web-based 24-hour dietary recall tool developed in the United Kingdom, was adapted for use in New Zealand (Intake24-NZ) through the addition of a New Zealand food list, portion size images, and food composition database. Owing to the customizations made, a thorough evaluation of the tool’s usability was required. Detailed qualitative usability studies are well suited to investigate any challenges encountered while completing a web-based 24-hour recall and provide meaningful data to inform enhancements to the tool.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to evaluate the usability of Intake24-NZ and identify improvements to enhance both the user experience and the quality of dietary intake data collected.

METHODS

We used a mixed methods approach comprising two components: (1) completion of a single 24-hour dietary recall using Intake24-NZ with both screen observation recordings and collation of verbal participant feedback on their experience and (2) a survey.

RESULTS

A total of 37 participants aged ≥11 years self-completed the dietary recall and usability survey (men and boys: 14/37, 38% and women and girls: 23/37, 62%; Māori: 10/37, 27% and non-Māori: 27/37, 73%). Although most (31/37, 84%) reported that Intake24-NZ was easy to use and navigate, data from the recorded observations and usability survey revealed challenges related to the correct use of search terms, search results obtained (eg, type and order of foods displayed), portion size estimation, and associated food prompts (eg, did you add milk to your tea?).

CONCLUSIONS

This comprehensive usability study identified challenges experienced by users in completing a dietary recall in Intake24-NZ. The results informed a series of improvements to enhance user experience and the quality of dietary data collected with Intake24-NZ, including adding new foods to the food list, optimizing the search function and ordering of search results, creating new portion size images, and providing clearer instructions to the users.
Clinical Impact of Personalized Physician’s Education and Remote Feedback via a Digital Platform on Diabetes Management: a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Yu Jin , Cho Jae-Hyoung , Lee Joonyub , Yang Yeoree , Lee Eun Young , Lee Seung-Hwan
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

The Digital Education platform, DoctorviceⓇ (iKooB Inc., Seoul, South Korea), offers both physicians' face-to-face education and remote glucose monitoring, which is expected to be effective for personalized diabetes care.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the effectiveness of the digital education platform for diabetes care and compare cases where both face-to-face education and remote monitoring were provided with cases where only education was provided.

METHODS

Sixty-six patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who visited the Diabetes Center of Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital were enrolled in this randomized clinical study. Participants were aged ≥19 years and had hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) levels of 7.5–9.5%. Of the 66 participants, 26 in the intervention group and 30 in the control group were analyzed, excluding 10 who dropped out of the study. In the intervention group, physicians used the digital education platform to provide face-to-face education at enrollment and at the 3- and 6-month visits, along with remote monitoring during the first 3 months of the 6-month study period. The control group received conventional outpatient education. The primary endpoint was the change in the HbA1c levels.

RESULTS

The baseline HbA1c levels were 8.3±0.6% in the intervention group and 8.0±0.5% in the control group. At the 3-month follow-up, HbA1c decreased by 0.5% to 7.8±0.9% (P=.010) in the intervention group and by 0.2% to 7.8±0.7% in the control group. HbA1c levels significantly improved during the first 3 months with both face-to-face education and remote glucose monitoring; however, HbA1c tended to increase without the remote monitoring service during the 3 to 6-month follow-up in the intervention group. Subgroup analysis indicated that the effect of reducing HbA1c was greater for patients with baseline HbA1c levels≥8.0%, those aged≥65 years, smokers, drinkers, and those with obesity in the intervention group.

CONCLUSIONS

The digital education platform for personalized diabetes management appears beneficial for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. It was especially effective when physicians provided personalized face-to-face education and remote feedback together.

CLINICALTRIAL

KCT0007953
On the issue of complications following excimer laser correction of ametropia
Authors: Mogilevskyy S.Yu. , Lysenko N.R.
Published: October 2024

Background. Diffuse lamellar keratitis is a rare yet severe postoperative complication that may arise following excimer laser correction of myopia. Research indicate that the incidence of this condition after LASIK ranges from 4.3 to 18.9 %, and after FemtoLASIK, it varies from 0.5 % to more than 37.5 %. Given the increasing popularity of LASIK and FemtoLASIK technologies, studying the frequency and clinical characteristics of this complication is crucial for enhancing treatment outcomes and patient safety. This study purposed to explore the clinical course and frequency of diffuse lamellar keratitis following different excimer laser technologies used for myopia correction. Materials and methods. We conducted a prospective, cohort, non-interventional study. It involved 180 patients (360 eyes) who underwent myopia correction using either LASIK (182 eyes) or FemtoLASIK (178 eyes). Postoperative monitoring included visual acuity, refraction, and biomicroscopy to identify potential complications, particularly diffuse lamellar keratitis. We examined the frequency and clinical course of the condition after each type of excimer laser correction. The observation period is 1 year. Results. Upon examination one week after excimer laser correction, the incidence of diffuse lamellar keratitis in the first group was 4.95 %, while in the second group it was 6.74 %. One month after surgery, there was a reduction in the frequency of diffuse lamellar keratitis: in the first group, it decreased to 3.30 %, and in the second group, to 2.81 %. By the three-month follow-up, the first group showed no manifestations of diffuse lamellar keratitis, whereas the second group had an incidence of 0.56 %. At the six-month follow-up, the incidence in the first group was 0.55 %, and there were no clinical manifestations of diffuse lamellar keratitis in the second group. At the one-year follow-up, neither group exhi­bited clinical signs of this disease. The clinical course and manifestations of diffuse lamellar keratitis did not differ between LASIK and FemtoLASIK throughout the study period. Additionally, it was found that 38.46 % of the patients had a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusions. Our research revealed that the frequency of diffuse lamellar keratitis was 6.3 % after LASIK and 6.6 % after FemtoLASIK over a 1-year period. The clinical course and manifestations of the condition were similar for both LASIK and FemtoLASIK at all observation points. In was found that 38.46 % of patients who developed diffuse lamellar keratitis after excimer laser correction had a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection (from 2 weeks to 2 months). Future research should focus on investigating new local (ocular) and systemic (whole body) pathogenetic factors of diffuse lamellar keratitis following modern excimer laser methods for ametropia correction.
EL Impacto político, económico y social de la pesca del atún con almadrabas en el levante de la península ibérica
Authors: Vidal Bonavila Judit
Published: October 2024

Tuna traps are a long history art, being one of the oldest fishing industries of the world. From this object of study we can disaggregate multiple aspects of this activity from different points of view (productive, economical, political and social). This paper focuses on the analysis of tuna traps from the Iberian Peninsula (Valencia and Catalonia) in XVIth and XVIIth centuries. In this chronology, fisheries contributed to the economic and cultural development of the regions that have been studied, but also to the western Mediterranean Sea as a whole. For this reason, it is important to compare these fishing areas with those from the most important fishing regions, especially the islands of Sicily and Sardinia and the south of the Iberian Peninsula. On the other hand, they also have to be related to other regions at an international level, so as to know the impact of these traps in each territory, in addition to the commercial and cultural relations that were designed to take advantage of sea resources. This method is based on the study of primary documentary sources kept in state and private archives of the mentioned regions.