bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors Associated with Symptoms of Respiratory Disorders in Brick Industry Workers: Literature Review
Authors: Ramadhansyah Muhammad Fadli , Setiani Onny , Budiyono Budiyono
Published: May 2022

Making bricks is an informal home industry with a significant dust exposure risk. Numerous risk factors contribute to respiratory symptoms, including dust exposure, duration of exposure, length of work, type of job, usage of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), and smoking behaviours. This study examined the association between dust exposure and risk variables for respiratory symptoms in employees in the brick sector. Article searches were carried out through PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Science Direct, Portal Garuda Indonesia, Sinta, and Google Scholar. The articles were selected with the following criteria: the dependent variable was symptoms of the respiratory disorder of brick industrial workers, the independent variable was the exposure to dust, open access to full text, and the articles selected with a publication date around 2011-2021. Based on 272 relevant articles, 21 main articles fulfil the criteria. The risk factors indicated above are associated with increased respiratory symptoms, such as reduced vital lung capacity, coughing, shortness of breath, asthma, bronchitis, headaches, and body pains. Recommendations that can be given include adopting a healthy lifestyle that includes regular exercise, appropriate relaxation, abstinence from tobacco, frequent health checkups, and personal protective equipment such as masks.
Effectiveness of Lead and Cadmium Reduction with Adsorption Method using a Combination of Chitosan and Coffee Grounds (Case Study of Industrial Wastewater PT.X Indonesia)
Authors: Nurhidayanti Nisa , Ilyas Nur Ilman , Suwazan Dhonny
Published: May 2022

PT. X Indonesia (PXI) is a company engaged in laboratory services in Bekasi Regency. Based on a preliminary study, the concentration of cadmium and lead in wastewater shows that it exceeds the quality standard of PerMenLHK No. P12 of 2020. The presence of cadmium and lead in PXI's wastewater must be resolved immediately to avoid dangerous human activities and polluting the environment. The research was initiated by taking wastewater samples and synthesizing the adsorbent from the combination of chitosan and activated carbon from coffee grounds. The method used in this study is an experimental approach with quantitative descriptive methods based on laboratory data using FT-IR, SEM EDX and AAS instruments. The results showed that chitosan biosorbent and 1.4-gram coffee grounds activated carbon resulted in the highest cadmium metal reduction efficiency of 94.35% and led to a metal reduction efficiency of 90.86%. The results concluded that the adsorbent of chitosan-activated carbon coffee grounds is very effective in reducing cadmium and lead metals in the wastewater of PXI. This research needs to follow up by increasing the mass of activated carbon of coffee grounds to meet quality standards.
Organic Wood Dust Exposure as a Risk Factor for Lung Function Disorders in Workers : Systematic Review
Authors: Berlian Alifia Intan , Setiani Onny , Sulistiyani Sulistiyani
Published: May 2022

Wood dust is wood particles that result from wood processing and handling. The level of fine dust in the work environment can expose to workers breathing and cause lung function disorders. Obstructive lung function disorders, namely blockages that make it difficult for air to escape from the lungs, resulting in a decrease in airflow velocity. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine wood dust exposure and risk factors for impaired lung function for workers. Article searches carried out through the Portal Garuda Indonesia, PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and Google Scholar. There are 9 articles reviewed. Exposure to wood dust was assessed as a significant risk factor for impaired lung function in workers as seen from the statistical analysis results in each study showing that the p-value < 0.05. The risk factors that were stated to have a significant relationship were the concentration of wood dust, gender, work location, use of personal protective equipment (mask), length of work, and smoking habits. Exposure to wood dust increases the risk of impaired lung function in workers, with dust levels ranging from 1.15 mg/m3– 24 mg/m3.
Analysis and Evaluation of West Semarang Distribution Pipe Network System Municipal Waterworks in Semarang City
Authors: Miseno Bernadinus Gunawan Broto , Samadikun Budi Prasetyo , Sarminingsih Anik
Published: May 2022

The need for clean water is related to the growth rate and population density. High population density affects access to clean water. The population in the DWSS (Drinking Water Supply System) area of West Semarang is concentrated in three sub-districts, namely West Semarang (148,879 people), Ngaliyan (141,727 people), and Tugu (32,822 people). With the average population growth rate of Semarang City from 2011 to 2020 of 0.89%, the need for clean water will continue to increase. The condition of clean water services in Semarang City, which Municipal Waterworks manage, needs to be improved, both in terms of coverage and continuity of service distribution. The research method used is the method of field research and literature. Hydraulic data retrieval was obtained through field observations and water usage data from the internal Municipal Waterworks in Semarang City. The data were analyzed using the epanet program. From the analysis results, there were areas with significant differences in water pressure values , and at peak hours, there were areas that did not get sufficient water supply. It can be concluded that there are problems in the piping network in the West Semarang DWSS area.
Performance of Electrocoagulation Process for Microplastic Fibre Removal from Laundry Wastewater
Authors: Wulandari Marita , Setyorini Intan Dwi Wahyu , Handayani Anggie Melinda , Ariani Ismi Khairunnissa , Zulfikar Ainun
Published: May 2022

Laundry wastewater contains not only detergent but also contains fabric fibres and threads. Microplastic fibres have been discovered as a potential source of microplastic fibres in synthetic clothing washed in the environment. To reduce microplastic concentration in wastewater, many approaches have been developed. Electrocoagulation is one of them. Using both synthetic microplastics and laundry wastewater samples, this study examined the performance of electrocoagulation methods to remove microplastics. The flocculation and deposition mechanisms remove microplastic fibre. This research was set up by using a reactor with a volume of 1 L, 60 V of voltage and 60 minutes of contact time. Electrical current of 5A and 10A was applied to remove microplastic fibres during electrocoagulation (EC). The removal efficiency of polyester fibre was 55-68 per cent for 60 minutes with a current of 5A and 42-85 per cent for 60 minutes with a current of 10A. Polyamide fibre removal efficiency in 60 minutes is 53 per cent to 74 per cent at 5A current and 57 per cent to 72 per cent at 10A current. According to this study, it can be concluded that EC can remove microplastic fibre from laundry effluent.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Rubber Fruit Shell as an Adsorbent for Phosphate Removal in Real Grey Water
Authors: Naswir Muhammad , Wibowo Yudha Gusti , Laura Winny
Published: May 2022

The washing waste from the laundry industry contains phosphate that can pollute the environment. Multiple efforts have been made but have not reached the small to medium-scale laundry industry; this happens because of the high cost of technology. In this paper, the sorption process by rubber fruit shells successfully reduced the pollutants parameter from greywater. This research has succeeded in creating an adsorbent with raw rubber fruit shell waste; studies on manufacturing techniques, adsorbent characteristics, ability to reduce phosphate content, and adsorption isotherm models are well described. This study also promotes the utilization of rubber shell waste that has not been utilized properly. Adsorbents derived from rubber fruit shells reduced phosphate levels by up to 98% by adding 0.5 g of adsorbent to 100 mg/L of phosphate for 60 minutes. The appropriate adsorption isotherm model in this study is the Freundlich isotherm model.
Multivariate small area modelling of undernutrition prevalence among under-five children in Bangladesh
Authors: Guha Saurav , Das Sumonkanti , Baffour Bernard , Chandra Hukum
Published: May 2022

District-representative data are rarely collected in the surveys for identifying localised disparities in Bangladesh, and so district-level estimates of undernutrition indicators – stunting, wasting and underweight – have remained largely unexplored. This study aims to estimate district-level prevalence of these indicators by employing a multivariate Fay–Herriot (MFH) model which accounts for the underlying correlation among the undernutrition indicators. Direct estimates (DIR) of the target indicators and their variance–covariance matrices calculated from the 2019 Bangladesh Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey microdata have been used as input for developing univariate Fay–Herriot (UFH), bivariate Fay–Herriot (BFH) and MFH models. The comparison of the various model-based estimates and their relative standard errors with the corresponding direct estimates reveals that the MFH estimator provides unbiased estimates with more accuracy than the DIR, UFH and BFH estimators. The MFH model-based district level estimates of stunting, wasting and underweight range between 16 and 43%, 15 and 36%, and 6 and 13% respectively. District level bivariate maps of undernutrition indicators show that districts in north-eastern and south-eastern parts are highly exposed to either form of undernutrition, than the districts in south-western and central parts of the country. In terms of the number of undernourished children, millions of children affected by either form of undernutrition are living in densely populated districts like the capital district Dhaka, though undernutrition indicators (as a proportion) are comparatively lower. These findings can be used to target districts with a concurrence of multiple forms of undernutrition, and in the design of urgent intervention programs to reduce the inequality in child undernutrition at the localised district level.
Thermally reconfigurable metalens
Authors: Archetti Anna , Lin Ren-Jie , Restori Nathanaël , Kiani Fatemeh , Tsoulos Ted V. , Tagliabue Giulia
Published: May 2022

Reconfigurable metalenses are compact optical components composed by arrays of meta-atoms that offer unique opportunities for advanced optical systems, from microscopy to augmented reality platforms. Although poorly explored in the context of reconfigurable metalenses, thermo-optical effects in resonant silicon nanoresonators have recently emerged as a viable strategy to realize tunable meta-atoms. In this work, we report the proof-of-concept design of an ultrathin (300 nm thick) and thermo-optically reconfigurable silicon metalens operating at a fixed, visible wavelength (632 nm). Importantly, we demonstrate continuous, linear modulation of the focal-length up to 21% (from 165 μm at 20 °C to 135 μm at 260 °C). Operating under right-circularly polarized light, our metalens exhibits an average conversion efficiency of 26%, close to mechanically modulated devices, and has a diffraction-limited performance. Overall, we envision that, combined with machine-learning algorithms for further optimization of the meta-atoms, thermally reconfigurable metalenses with improved performance will be possible. Also, the generality of this approach could offer inspiration for the realization of active metasurfaces with other emerging materials within field of thermo-nanophotonics.
High dimensional threshold model with a time-varying threshold based on Fourier approximation
Authors: Yang Lixiong
Published: May 2022

This paper studies high-dimensional threshold models with a time-varying threshold approximated using a Fourier function. We develop a weighted LASSO estimator of regression coefficients as well as the threshold parameters. Our LASSO estimator can not only select covariates but also distinguish between linear and threshold models. We derive non-asymptotic oracle inequalities for the prediction risk, the l
1 and l
∞ bounds for regression coefficients, and provide an upper bound on the l
1 estimation error of the time-varying threshold estimator. The bounds can be translated easily into asymptotic consistency for prediction and estimation. We also establish the variable selection consistency and threshold detection consistency based on the l
∞ bounds. Through Monte Carlo simulations, we show that the thresholded LASSO works reasonably well in finite samples in terms of variable selection, and there is little harmness by the allowance for Fourier approximation in the estimation procedure even when there is no time-varying feature in the threshold. On the contrary, the estimation and variable selection are inconsistent when the threshold is time-varying but being misspecified as a constant. The model is illustrated with an empirical application to the famous debt-growth nexus.
Building a culture of health in Kentucky to address racism a public health crisis
Authors: Patel Naiya
Published: May 2022

Importance: Health disparities are the leading underlying cause for disproportionate pandemic effect. A sustainable solution must inculcate and address key community stake holders needs to implement strategies. Racism is recently identified as a public health crisis and in order to address it a sustainable multidisciplinary strategy calls for action. Clearly existing solutions are not sustainable and effective and is evident through the case study of Kentucky in the current research. The elimination of health disparities is a multidisciplinary and cross sector approach which the RWJF action framework inculcates. Observations: Kentucky State has the Gini and Social Index Score that needs urgent attention. Racial segregation is prominent among the black versus white compared to other racial minorities. Income inequality is highest among the blacks than the other minorities and white in Kentucky. Infant mortality rate, premature deaths, preventable hospitalizations, and unhealthy behavior is highest among the black community members compared to their white counterparts. Conclusions and Relevance: The identified sustainable strategy and entry points for key Kentucky stakeholders can help address the racism. The stakeholder analysis matrix of the research can help implement proposed strategy feasibly and effectively. The action framework itself is structured in a way that the issues framed utilizing the model can help disseminate and implement the strategy sustainably.
Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Cancer-Recognizing Patterns May Save Lives
Authors: Tavares Catarina , Quental Maria Sofia , Brandão José Ricardo , Silva-Ramos Miguel
Published: May 2022

In 2001, Finish investigators described a rare familiar syndrome characterized by an inherited susceptibility to cutaneous leiomyomas, uterine leiomyomas, and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) is now linked to a germline mutation in the fumarate hydratase (FH) gene that encodes a Krebs cycle enzyme, transforming fumarate to malate. The accumulation of fumarate, an oncometabolite, promotes tumorigenesis. We present a case of a 41-year-old female diagnosed with HLRCC after a radical nephrectomy due to renal cell cancer. Genetic analyses confirmed a novel FH mutation. Close follow-up allowed for a precocious diagnosis of a metachronous renal tumor and later a hepatic metastasis. Her family was also counseled and offered genetic testing. As observed in this case, the diagnosis of HLRCC is of paramount importance for patients and their families: there is a 15% cumulative lifetime risk of developing RCC, which frequently occurs in young patients and metastasizes at an early stage. Implementing a regular follow-up with adequate imaging examinations may help save lives.
Ordinal Maximin Share Approximation for Goods
Authors: Hosseini Hadi , Searns Andrew , Segal-Halevi Erel
Published: May 2022

In fair division of indivisible goods,  ℓ-out-of-d maximin share (MMS) is the value that an agent can guarantee by partitioning the goods into d bundles and choosing the ℓ least preferred bundles. Most existing works aim to guarantee to all agents a constant fraction of their 1-out-of-n MMS. But this guarantee is sensitive to small perturbation in agents' cardinal valuations. We consider a more robust approximation notion, which depends only on the agents' ordinal rankings of bundles. We prove the existence of ℓ-out-of-⌊(ℓ + 1/2)n⌋ MMS allocations of goods for any integer ℓ ≥ 1, and present a polynomial-time algorithm that finds a 1-out-of-⌈3n/2⌉ MMS allocation when ℓ=1. We further develop an algorithm that provides a weaker ordinal approximation to MMS for any ℓ > 1.
Internationalization of the Automotive Industry by Extending IOL3 model: A Case Study of Geely Automobile
Authors:   Merck Group, JUNG Emrae JUNG , ATAY Erhan ,   RMIT University Vietnam
Published: May 2022

Chinese companies have been heavily expanding their businesses globally during recent decades. In the literature, studies examine the dynamics behind their expansion strategies and build multinational Chinese companies called 'dragon multinationals.’ Pointing out the shortcomings of the ownership-locationinternalization (OLI) paradigm to explain the internationalization of these dragon multinationals, the linkage-leverage-learning (LLL) model was introduced by Mathews (2006). It was extended to the inward linkages-outward linkages-leveragelearning (IOL3) model by Lu et al. (2017). This paper aims to investigate forwarded linkages to understand how these linkages are utilized during further expansions of Chinese multinational companies (MNCs) in developing countries. Inward linkages that Geely gained through earlier acquisitions were studied through secondary sources. Then, Geely's latest acquisition of Proton was examined to identify forwarded linkages. Interviews were conducted with the management of Proton and its suppliers to define sources of know-how transferred to Proton and classify them as direct and indirect forwarded linkages.
Trade Openness, Capital Formation, and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from India
Authors:   University of Kashmir, WANI Suadat Hussain
Published: May 2022

The main objective of the present study is to examine the link between trade openness, capital formation, and economic growth in the case of India by applying an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound testing approach. To achieve this objective, the trade openness index is developed using various proxies of trade openness. The empirical results indicate negative relation between trade openness and economic growth in case of India, both in the short-run and long-run. The results of the present study have important policy implications for India. Among others, the study suggests that those policies need to be adopted, which can boost human and physical capital formation so that economy can grow to the threshold level required to reap the benefits of trade openness.
Do ESG Factors Influence Investment Attractiveness of the Public Companies?
Authors: Nazarova Varvara , Лаврова Виктория
Published: May 2022

Even though there are numerous papers on the impact of ESG disclosure or performance on company performance, the topic remains disputable and controversial. The growing importance of ESG scores in investment decision-making has raised a question of whether the ESG score and its pillars influence the investment attractiveness of public companies. Using a sample of S&P 500 American and S&P 350 European companies in the period between 2010 and 2020, we examine the relationship between ESG performance and investment attractiveness, expressed by Tobin’s Q, ROE, cost of capital and probability of paying dividends. We use the difference in means, panel regression and propensity score matching analysisand conclude that higher ESG performance positively influences Tobin’s Q for both markets, while also providing evidence that ESG score transition to the above-median level may lead to a fairer valuation, higher probability of paying dividends and lower cost of capital, while return on equity is not subject to change. While previous research mainly focuses on one indicator, such as company value or cost of debt, this paper develops a set of investment attractiveness indicators and covers not only composite ESG performance, but also its environmental, social and governance pillars separately; it also emphasizes the influence on the industrial sector. Overall, our results suggest that managers pay close attention to ESG performance if it falls below median, although good ESG performance does not guarantee investment attractiveness.
The influence of smoking on oral health and patient evaluation of tobacco cessation help from dentists working in the dental college of Bareilly city
Authors: Nandita Gautam , Shivalingesh KK , Satyaki Verma , Vishal Kumar , Isha Saxena
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Dentists play a key role in assisting patients in quitting smoking. Dentists’ competence in smoking cessation as part of regular patient treatment is studied in this research. Methodology: Two hundred twenty-six patients were selected from the Institute of Dental Sciences Bareilly’s smoke cessation center to complete in-person cross-sectional research about previous dental visits Patients’ smoking patterns, as well as their smoking cessation experience from their dentists, and willingness for dentists to apply smoking cessation recommendations were all covered in the survey. Results: Overall, 38 percent of the subjects were current smokers, 8% were former smokers, and 68% had tried to stop smoking before. Former/non-smokers had significantly greater plaque index, gingival index, and probing depth levels than smokers (p0.05). The dentists’ approach to cessation conversations, on the other hand, was limited to a list of the negative consequences. Only 32% of patients were told about the negative impacts of tobacco, and only a third were encouraged to quit. Conclusions: Smoking causes dental health issues. Dentists in Bareilly City may inquire about their patients’ smoking habits, but they are less likely to provide actual assistance in quitting.
Cellular interorganelle crosstalk in health and disease states: A glimpse on nephrology-related conditions
Authors: Fateme Shamekhi Amiri
Published: May 2022

Cellular interorganelle crosstalk in medical sciences is a new discussion of mechanisms and pathways of physiological functions and pathogenesis of diseases. The organelles (“mitochondria”, nucleus, lysosome, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus) are members of such functional units that are needed to perform specific tasks. Mitochondria are essential metabolic organelles in cells, but they also contribute to iron and calcium homeostasis, as well as in the regulation of apoptosis, and they are increasingly recognized as key signaling platforms. In the kidney, crosstalk between mitochondria with endoplasmic reticulum is at mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane in regulating calcium homeostasis. Another crosstalk between these organelles is about autophagic mechanisms. Autophagy is triggered in the kidney in response to acute kidney injury and supports against kidney injury. High glucose-induced reactive oxygen species can be produced by both enzymatic and nonenzymatic pathways. The nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) family or nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays a role in inducing infectious defenses via inflammatory cytokines. The NLRP3 inflammasome is activated by the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane. It has a role in nephrocalcinosis-related chronic kidney disease. This review article is a summary of interorganelle crosstalk in health and disease states, especially in kidney and nephrology-related conditions.
Antimicrobial and synergistic potential of Ocimum gratissimum leaves and Petiveria alliacea bark against some selected microorganisms
Authors: Idris Saheeb Oladele , Foluso Akinbode Ologundudu
Published: May 2022

Background: This study was carried out to investigate the antimicrobial and synergistic potential of the leaves of Ocimum gratissimum and bark of Petiveria alliacea against some tested bacterial and fungal isolates. Fresh and matured leaves of Ocimum gratissimum and bark of Petiveria alliacea were collected from the Institute of Agriculture, Research and Training, Ibadan, Nigeria. The specimens were identified at the Herbarium unit of the Department of Botany, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The pathogenic organisms used include bacteria namely, Providencia stuartii, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium Pyogenes, Streptococcus faecalis, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescence, Serratia rubidae, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella pullorum; and fungi namely, Trychophyton tonsurans, Candidia albicans, Trychophyton rubrum, Penicillium expansium, Alternaria sp, Fusarium sp, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, and Penicillium camenberti. Methods: Pure isolates of the tested microorganisms were obtained from the department of microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. The bacterial isolates were maintained on nutrient agar slant and the fungal isolates were on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA). Antimicrobial sensitivity test (AST) followed by Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute. Minimal bactericidal and fungicidal concentrations were determined following established protocols. Results: Fungal isolates of Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium expansiumm, Trychophyton rubrum, and bacterial isolates Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Salmonella pullorum were all resistant to the plant extract. Findings from this study opined that ethanolic extract of Ocimum gratissimum leaves is more potent than the methanolic and aqueous extracts of Petiveria alliacea. Conclusion: The plant extracts showed greater antimicrobial activity against bacterial- with respect to fungal isolates suggesting a broader spectrum of activity with ethanolic extract on the gram-positive and the gram-negative bacteria.
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Authors: not provided healthodiet
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Authors: not provided Max
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The new edition of the international classification of retinopathy of premature. Part 1
Authors: Saidasheva Elvira I.
Published: May 2022

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is still one of the main causes of blindness and low vision from early childhood in developed countries and therefore remains the focus of attention of researchers and clinicians. The International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ICROP) was initially adopted in 1984, expanded in 1987, amended in 2005, and revised in 2021. Part 1 of this article discusses the new edition of the ICROP3. The reasons for updating the ICROP3 and the composition of the International Committee, which was specially organized for this purpose, are indicated. The new and third edition retains the current definitions (zone, stage, and extent of the disease). The main updates in ICROP3 include the improved classification of indicators, two of which, in the authors opinion, are most significant for the acute stages of the disease. The definition of posterior zone II region and the recognition that retinal vascular changes in ROP represent a continuous spectrum from normal to preplus- and plus disease, with images demonstrating this range. In conclusion, the new edition of the ICROP3 requires a deep reading and discussion between domestic experts and must be introduced to clinical practices and the educational process. The next article will continue the discussion on the remaining additions/updates to ICROP3.
Possible causes of the ineffectiveness of sinustrabeculectomy in children with congenital glaucoma
Authors: Arestova Nataliya N. , Panova Anna Yu. , Pleskova Alla V. , Sorokin Aleksandr A.
Published: May 2022

AIM: On the basis of studying the causes of errors in finding the trabecular zone to be excised during trabeculectomy in children with congenital glaucoma, this study presents a proven and effective method for simple intraoperative localization of the trabecular area.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The analyses of many years of experience in the examination and treatment of children with congenital glaucoma at the Department of Eye Pathology in Children of Helmholtz National Medical Research Center (100200 children annually) revealed the anatomical and morphological features of the eyes of children with congenital glaucoma and the reasons for the insufficient effectiveness of trabeculectomy.
RESULTS: A retrospective gonioscopic analysis of the condition of the operation area and internal fistula after trabeculectomy in children with congenital glaucoma showed that erroneous choice of the area of the trabecular region to be excised during surgery is one of the reasons for the inefficiency of trabeculectomy, and it results from the incorrect determination of the projection location of the apex of anterior chamber angle (ACA) onto the sclera caused by the significantly distorted anatomical parameters of the childs eye due to the softness and extensibility of the limbus and sclera. On the stretched eyes of children with congenital glaucoma, especially those with buphthalmos and cloudy cornea, accurate determination of the boundaries of the altered cornea, limbus, and projection of the ACAs apex onto the sclera is visually impossible.
CONCLUSION: During trabeculectomy of the eyes of children with congenital glaucoma, for the accurate localized projection of the apex of the ACAs onto the sclera and the trabecular zone to be excised, a simple and accessible method of clarifying diaphanoscopy intraoperatively must be used to correctly select the trabeculectomy zone, especially on stretched eyes.
Some markers of inflammation in patients with sickle cell disease at Zou-Collines departmental hospital in Benin
Authors: Hlouedjè Houénoukpo Wilfried , Lokonon Jacques Ezéchiel , Sènou Maximin , Abissi Gloria , Agbogba Félicienne , Mèdoatinsa Espérance , Tchogou Pascal , Tchékpo Blaise , Marc Thierry , . Mèdéhouénou , Anago Eugénie , Akpovi Casimir
Published: May 2022

Background: Sickle cell disease was a genetic pathology of the red blood cell, which caused systemic functional and tissue damage. The present work aimed to study some biomarkers of inflammation and renal function in sickle cell patients.Methods: The biochemical and inflammatory markers were assayed with a spectrophotometer and the hemogram was performed on a hematology analyzer in SS homozygous sickle cell subjects and controls with AA phenotypes.Results: The male sex (63.49%) and the age group 5-18 years (58.73%) were predominant among the SS subjects of the study population. Blood urea and serum creatinine were significantly higher in SS, suggesting impaired renal function. Serum uric acid was significantly lower in SS. Aspartate transaminase (AST) was significantly higher in SS and alanine transaminase (ALT) did not change significantly, indicating significant cytolysis. Mean hemoglobin level was significantly lower in SS, signifying more hemolysis. The mean number of blood leukocytes, neutrophils, eosinophilia, lymphocytes and monocytes were significantly higher in SS. There was the same for C-reactive protein, the concentration of which was very high (96 mg/l) in 34.92% of sickle cell patients against 1.75% in AA, indicating an inflammatory state in sickle cell disease. In contrast, the mean number of blood platelets was significantly lower in SS.Conclusions: During sickle cell disease, there were inflammation, cytolysis and disturbance of renal function as well as anemia. The early evaluation of these biological markers may prevent complications and crises of sickle cell disease.
Poikilocytotic forms caused by hyperthermia and heat stroke- experimental study on Wistar rats
Authors: Dervisevic Emina , Katica Muhamed , Hasić Sabaheta , Jogunčić Anes , Dervišević Lejla , Vukas Haris , Salihbegović Adis
Published: May 2022

Background: The aim of the study was to find out what happens to erythrocytes and their forms during life and after death as a result of high water temperature.Methods: Heat stress was used on a rat model.to investigate the effects of different temperature intensities (37°C and 44°C) and exposure time (20 min and until the time of death) on erythrocyte morphology. Total of 23 Wistar rats were divided into two groups: 37°C as control group and 44°C as trial groups. The trial groups were classified into antemortem the exposure time of 20 min and postmortem groups exposure time until fatal outcome. The anaesthetised rats were exposed to preheated water using the water bath. May-Grünwald-Giemsa colouring technique was applied on blood samples taken from the abdominal aorta. Results: Exposure of Wistar rats to water temperature in groups KG37 and G44 led to a significant changes in core temperature. In the control group, the thermoregulatory mechanism established normothermia, and in G44 hyperthermia was detected during 20 minutes of exposure. The frequency of heat stroke in group G44 was 43.8%. Target cells and anulocytes were predominant in antemortem group at 44°C, while anulocytes and spherocytes in postmortem groups 44°C, respectively. Dacryocytes with spherocytes were significantly higher in postmortem group 44°C than in antemortem group 44°C (p=0.002, p=0.017, respectively).Conclusions: Poikilocytosis is associated with the exposure length and temperature intensity. Following a fatal outcome dacryocytes with spherocytes at 44°C were significantly more than in corresponding antemortem groups.
Clinical profile of patients with COVID-19 and tuberculosis co-infection in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: B. Karthik Adiga , B. L. Shashibhushan , A. S. Deepa
Published: May 2022

Background: Historical evidences suggest that Tuberculosis (TB) with concurrent respiratory viral infections, such as, Influenza has been associated with higher mortality. TB and COVID-19 co-infection has implications beyond mortality at the individual level. Hence there is a need to study the clinical characteristics and outcomes in COVID-19 and TB co-infection.Methods: In this retrospective observational study, COVID-19 cases admitted to Victoria Hospital, a tertiary care hospital in Bengaluru, twenty-six patients with COVID 19 and TB co-infection were observed and their clinical characteristics, radiological and laboratory parameters were recorded and analyzed for the impact of COVID-19 on TB.Results: Raised inflammatory markers, high neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocytopenia were observed in majority of the cases. There was worsening of Tubercular lesions on Chest radiography in eighteen patients (69%). Out of the twenty six, sixteen patients (61%) needed supplemental oxygen therapy at admission, Five (19%) of them needed Assisted ventilation and intensive care. Out of the five patients who needed intensive care, two (7.6%) patients succumbed to death owing to Severe COVID-19 pneumonia, respiratory failure and other co-morbid conditions.Conclusions: Co-infection with COVID-19 and TB alters the severity, the course and management of the disease and can be associated with adverse outcomes and is associated with high mortality; a high index of suspicion is required for the detection of this co-infection and bi-directional screening of COVID-19 and TB must be carried out for the early detection and management of this co-infection.
Demography and clinical profile of patients with chronic pancreatitis in a tertiary referral hospital in eastern India
Authors: Jena Chandrakanta , Mohapatra Minati , Panda Srikant , Sarangi Anshuman , Sarangi Ashok K. , Babu K. Kiran
Published: May 2022

Background: Chronic pancreatitis is defined as a pathological fibro-inflammatory syndrome of the pancreas in individuals with genetic, environmental and/or other risk factors who develop persistent pathological responses to parenchymal injury or stress. Potential causes can include toxic factors (such as alcohol or smoking), metabolic abnormalities, idiopathic mechanisms, genetics, autoimmune responses and obstructive mechanisms. We studied the epidemiological patterns in relation to age, sex and socioeconomic status, the etiological factors and pattern of clinical presentations. the different modes of management of chronic pancreatitis.Methods: This prospective study on chronic pancreatitis was conducted in 55 patients admitted in Srirama Chandra Bhanja Medical College and Hospital (SCB M. C. H.), Cuttack, general surgery and surgical gastroenterology department.Results: In the study sample 37 patients (68%) were male and 18 patients (32%) were female. the etiological distribution of the study sample is shown. 29 patients (53%) showed topical etiology, 21 patients (37%) showed alcoholic and 5 patients showed idiopathic. The sign and symptoms (clinical) of the study sample, 54 patients (98%) showed abdominal pain, 26 patients (47%) had diabetes (type 2), 1 patient showed steatorrhea, 2 patients (4%) had jaundice, 2 patients (4%) had pseudocyst and 1 patient (2%) had ascites. Surgical drainage procedure performed on the patients 23 patients (42%) underwent Pvestow lateral (longitudinal) pancreatic jejunostomy, 18 patients (33%) underwent frey, 7 patients (13%) had lateral pancreatic jejunostomy,1 patient (2%) had V section, 1 patient (2%) underwent whipple, 3 patients (5%) had cystogastrostomy and cystodudenostomy and 2 patients (3%) underwent cholecystojejunostomy.Conclusions: The study revealed Puestow’s procedure was the most commonly performed surgical drainage procedure with satisfactory results.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease- correlation between shear wave elastography and nafld fibrosis score: a descriptive single centre study
Authors: John Afra , Ambooken Robert P. , A. Anil
Published: May 2022

Background: Due to the global burden of obesity and type 2 diabetes, prevalence of NAFLD is now increasing, becoming one of the most common cause of chronic liver disease and liver transplantation both for end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although traditionally liver biopsy is gold standard for diagnosis of NAFLD, majority of patients can be non-invasively diagnosed with various tools like scoring systems (NAFLD fibrosis score, BARD score), ultrasound and MR elastographic techniques. The primary objective of this study was to assess the liver stiffness measurement by shear wave elastography and assess correlation between LSM by SWE and NAFLD fibrosis score in NAFLD patients.Methods: This is a descriptive study comprising 75 patients with clinical suspicion of NAFLD, referred from Gastroenterology department from January 2020 to June 2021. All patients had undergone SWE, NAFLD fibrosis score calculated and results analyzed.Results: Among the 75 patients studied, applying low cut off value of NAFLD fibrosis score (below -1.455), the presence of advanced fibrosis was excluded and by applying the high cut off point (>0.676) majority of subjects had advanced fibrosis. The NAFLD fibrosis score was correlated with E median values of liver stiffness measurement using Pearson correlation test and showed a moderate positive correlation (p=0.0001, =0.685) between both the variables.Conclusions: Our study showed positive moderate correlation between NAFLD fibrosis score and LSM by 2D SWE. Multistep strategies using liver 2D SWE and NAFLD fibrosis score in combination can be used in the future to accurately diagnose or exclude the presence of advanced fibrosis in NAFLD patients.
Knowledge and awareness of radiography students towards advancement in the era
Authors: Kumar Dheeraj , Boora Navreet , Kumar Raushan , Kumar Sah Niraj
Published: May 2022

Background: Teleradiology is the computerized conveyance of radiological images of patients like x-ray digital radiography, Computed tomography (CT), Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Ultrasound imaging (USI), and Atomic medication imaging (AMI) pictures starting with one spot then onto the next with the end goal of translation and counsellor.Methods: A prospective, comparative, questionnaire-based investigation was carried out in the Department of Radiological Imaging Techniques. A validated questionnaire was circulated among undergraduate and postgraduate Radiography students in the college of paramedical sciences, Teerthanker Mahaveer University. The study incorporated multiple-choice questions (MCQs) identified with segment attributes (age, sex), scholastic capability, and Information on Teleradiology, PACS, and DICOM.Results: Out of the total of 157 participants 142 (90.44%) filled the questionnaire which was undergraduate and postgraduate students of Radiological and Imaging Techniques filled questionnaire. To assess knowledge about teleradiology, PACS, and DICOM which they gain during theory classes and from hospital postings. There were 89 (62.7%) males and 53 (37.3%) females with the age ranging from 18 to 28, mean of 23 years. The statistical data of all participants gave the correct answer is 85.48% we can say the level of knowledge and awareness of radiography students towards advancement in the era is very good.Conclusions: Teleradiology is the computerized conveyance of radiological images of patients, and pictures starting with one spot then onto the next with the end goal of translation and counselling. The finding in this study indicates that radiography students have optimum knowledge with 85.48%.
Evaluation of prognosis and outcome of small bowel obstruction using the acute general emergency surgical severity-small bowel obstruction score
Authors: Nath Hemendra C. , Terang Benedict , Bhuyan Rupak , Gogoi Sufil
Published: May 2022

Background: Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is a common surgical emergency, associated with significant morbidity and mortality specially if strangulated. There was not much used of scoring system for SBO. The aim of the study was to determine the usefulness of acute general emergency surgical severity (AGESS)-SBO score developed by Patrice Wendlling at Mayo Clinic in 2015 to evaluate the prognosis and outcomes of SBO.Methods: 80 patients age ≥13 years who fulfill the study criteria and admitted in surgery ward, Jorhat Medical College and Hospital, Jorhat between May 2020 to October 2021 were identified. The American association for the surgery of trauma (AAST) anatomic score, physiological score and comorbidity score are added to get AGESS-SBO score.Results: The mean age was 41.2 years and males (77.5%) were more affected. Obstructed external hernia (40%) was the most common cause of SBO. 64 patients (80%) were operated and 16 patients were treated conservatively. Complications were seen in 30 patients and 8 patients (10%) died during hospital stay. The median AGESS-SBO score is 5 (IQR 5-6) for complications and 2 (IQR 1.0-2.5) for no complications (p value of 0.0001).Conclusions: Incidence is more in males and obstructed hernia was the commonest cause. Higher the AGESS-SBO score more the complications and so was morbidity and mortality. A score more than 2 has unfavorable outcome.
Assessment of dynamic balance and bone density in premenopausal and postmenopausal middle-age women: a comparative study
Authors: Khangare Sarala G. , Mhatre Bhavana S. , Iyer Saraswati K. , Damke Umanjali S.
Published: May 2022

Background: Dynamic balance control is required to perform simple and complex mobility task in our day-to-day life. Deficit in balance can results in falls and fractures which can affect health-related quality of life. Menopause is also considered as a risk for fracture due to osteoporosis, which at later life becomes difficult to manage and causes higher morbidity. So, evaluation of balance and bone density is important in middle-age in women, so that we can plan and administer proper treatment strategies at an early stage which can reduce risk of falls and fractures. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess and compare dynamic balance and bone density in premenopausal and postmenopausal middle-age women.Methods: Female participants in the age-group of 40-60 years were divided into premenopausal and postmenopausal group based on the criteria of cessation of menstrual cycles for minimum one year. Participants were assessed barefooted for dynamic balance by physical performance mobility tests such as narrow walk test (NWT), Figure-of-8 walk test (F8WT), obstacle walk test (OWT) and normal gait speed (NGS). Bone density was evaluated by using ultrasound bone densitometer at calcaneus in community setting. Results: The time taken to complete the NWT, F8WT, OWT was reduced significantly (p<0.05) in post-menopausal group, showing dynamic balance is significantly affected in postmenopausal women when compared with premenopausal women in middle-age group. Gait speed was also reduced in both the groups but it was significantly reduced (p<0.05) in postmenopausal group. Also bone density decreases significantly in post-menopausal group showing osteoporosis, premenopausal group also showed osteopenia when assessed by ultrasound bone densitometer in community setting.Conclusions: Dynamic balance and bone density significantly decreases in post-menopausal middle-age women as compared with pre-menopausal middle-age women.