bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Material Technologies Reduce PDC Drill Bit Body and Cutter Erosion in Heavy Oil Drilling Environments
Authors: Wong Alex , Bell Andy , Williams Michael , Isnor Sid , Herman J. J.
Published: September 2016

In heavy oil applications, drill bit body and PDC cutter erosion are frequently encountered challenges that can significantly affect the durability and overall drilling performance of the bit. Abrasive formations such as unconsolidated sands, drilling fluids with high solids content, and high hydraulic flow rates are all factors that limit the life of the drill bit, and consequently, there exists an opportunity to improve the economics of heavy oil wells through the development of more abrasion and erosion resistant body materials and PDC cutter substrates.

This paper will discuss the various stages of research and development performed on drill bit hardfacing and PDC cutter substrate materials to improve durability and minimize repair costs in Canadian Oil Sands applications. Hardfacing development was accomplished through microstructural analysis, experimentation with various carbide compositions and particle sizes, and the incorporation of superhard abrasives (hardness values in excess of 5800 ksi) dispersed throughout the hard metal matrix. Moreover, the development of erosion resistant PDC cutter substrates was achieved through novel manufacturing processes and material research. Close cooperation with operators and the ability for rapid field testing of new technologies has enabled the collection of valuable feedback and performance comparisons between close offset wells.

To date, a significant improvement in wear resistance has been achieved in hundreds of runs in the Canadian Oil Sands. These runs consisted predominantly of 10.625 in. and 8.750 in. diameter horizontal intervals, in which the operators typically observed a positive impact on drilling economics. For instance, reduced gage pad wear has resulted in fewer bits falling under-gage, thereby preventing the subsequent bit from having to ream the under-gage section to the correct diameter. Enhanced hardfacing life has reduced bit body erosion surrounding PDC cutters and other brazed components, thus decreasing the number of lost components due to the erosion of supporting material. Furthermore, PDC cutter substrate improvements have reduced the amount of observed carbide loss behind the diamond table in order to mitigate cutter breakage and preserve their formation shearing efficiency.

Additional efforts are currently underway to further develop wear resistant materials tailored to abrasive and erosive drilling environments. These technologies have potential to enhance drilling efficiency and repairability of drill bits in heavy oil applications including, but not limited to, the Canadian Oil Sands.
Evaluation of a Polymer Injection Pilot in Argentina
Authors: Hryc A.. , Hochenfellner F.. , Best R. Ortiz , Maler S.. , Puliti R..
Published: September 2016

The present article is based on the enhaced recovery pilot in Argentina presented in SPE 160078 ("Desing and Execution of a Polymer Injection Pilot in Argentina").

A polymer injection pilot is being conducted since January 2012 in El Corcobo Norte field, in Neuquén Basin, Argentina. The project intends to evaluate the incremental volumetric efficiency for Lower Centenario formation, unconsolidated, strongly water-wet sandstone that has been under waterflood since the beginning of the field's production in 2006.

El Corcobo Norte field produces medium-heavy oil and, due to its unconsolidated nature, production strategy involves massive sand production all along the well's productive life. Although waterflooding efficiency has allowed achieving an important oil recovery, wormholing and chanelling issues represent a challenge to the field's development strategy of increased injection and fluid production. A polymer injection project would help increasing ultimate recovery factor, through enhacing injected fluid's efficiency to displace the oil. Along the past four years of experience operating this pilot, many lessons learnt regarding process, operational, logistic and chemical issues, became extremely valuable for the company's know how in operating this technology. Pilot surveillance has proven to be a key factor for understanding how the process is working in the reservoir.

This work will present the updated results of the polymer injection pilot, which is still under evaluation but already showing promising results that could lead to an attractive expansion project.
Marcadores discursivos indicadores de cortesía de la variedad mexicana. Un enfoque pluricéntrico para su enseñanza en ELE
Authors: García Agüero Alba Nalleli
Published: September 2016

En este artículo se discute la importancia que comportan la enseñanza y la adquisición de los marcadores discursivos conversacionales para el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa de los estudiantes de E/LE. Se asume que los marcadores discursivos permiten, además de conectar oraciones y otorgar al texto cohesión y coherencia, inferir la intención comunicativa del hablante y que algunos de ellos pueden funcionar como índices de cortesía verbal. Asimismo, sostenemos la validez de enseñar el español desde una postura pluricéntrica de la lengua. Por tal razón, exploramos los marcadores conversacionales de la variedad mexicana que indican cortesía con el fin de ofrecer una propuesta de categorización de tales marcadores y unos modelos de actividades didácticas para el/la enseñante de E/LE. Consideramos que al esclarecer las funciones que dichas partículas cumplen, el profesor/la profesora puede propiciar la ampliación del conocimiento del estudiante sobre otras variedades del español, así como suscitar la reflexión sobre las diferencias de algunas normas de cortesía verbal en las distintas culturas hispánicas, logrando con ello el fortalecimiento de la competencia pragmática de los alumnos.
MECHANICS AND MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF CLASS III TREATMENT WITH ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES WITH A MOVABLE RAMP
Authors: Flis Petro , Grigorenko Alexander , Doroshenko Nataliia , Tormakhov Mykola , Filonenko Valeriy
Published: September 2016

Treatment of class III is a current problem in orthodontics that requires constant improvement of its methods, development of new or modifications of known methods and techniques. We have developed and studied the modification of removable functionally-directing orthodontic appliances for treatment of Class III, which consists of a plastic base, vestibular arc, retaining clasps, ramp, which is connected with the base by means of two torsion springs. Its usage ensures a prolonged contact of ramp with the teeth.
We studied two types of club-shaped springs (torsion springs): one spring, which create an amortization effect during the action of the ramp, but do not change its inclination angle and second one – spring that seek to increase the angle of the ramp inclination due to the disclosure of its curl.
EVALUATION OF RECURRENT HOSPITALIZATION PROBABILITY IN PATIENTS WITH DUODENAL AND GASTRIC ULCER DEPENDENT UPON REHABILITATION INPUT
Authors: Ocheredko Oleksandr , Kizlova Natalia
Published: September 2016

Background: notoriously known worldwide cause of morbidity and disability duodenal (DU) and gastric ulcer (GU) experience their rise in Ukraine, demonstrating formidable increase by 38,4 % in last decade with the prevalence of 2299 per 100 000 population. Every second patient is treated in-patiently, every third experiences disability spell annually. Reduction in related risks confined not so much by absence of effective therapy but rather shortcomings in patient management and patient devotion. By WHO data 50 % of patients fail to follow physician prescriptions, 60 % can’t recollect physician recommendations in first 20 minutes. Ubiquitous belated timing of rehabilitation initiation in post hospital stage appeared to be cardinal obstacle of its efficiency with low (up to 20 %) coverage, and ensuring clinical effect in 8 % cases only.
Aim: to evaluate efficacy of rehabilitation program detailed at first episode of in-patient treatment at gastroenterological department.
Data: organized by cohort design. Control cohort comprised 180 patients with first episode of hospitalization due to DU or GU in gastroenterological Vinnitsa city department in 2009–2010 years. Experimental cohort consisted of 220 alike patients who enter rehabilitation program (RP). RP was administered randomly. Randomness was statistically verified on principal confounders. Cases were traced 4 years.
Methods: we applied three modifications of semi-parametric frailty model to study effect of program on the risk of recurrent hospitalization.
Results: all three modifications coincided in that program secured typically at least 39 days to recurrent hospitalization per patient with drop in risk at least at RR=0,774.
THE INFLUENCE OF LEPTIN ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF IMMUNOLOGICAL DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2 AND HYPOTHYROIDISM
Authors: Yuzvenko Tatiana , Pankiv Vladimir
Published: September 2016

The work deals with the determination of leptin and IL-6 influence on the development of immune disorders in patients with DM type 2 with hypothyroidism. There were examined 34 patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and hypothyroidism and 27 patients with the primary hypothyroidism without DM. It was revealed that obesity is characterized with an increase of leptin and IL-6 levels that, in its turn, condition the development of system inflammation of the low intensity and result in the increase of risk of autoimmune changes. In patients with DM type 2 in combination with hypothyroidism on the background of obesity the indices of leptin, IL-6, CD4+, CD8+ and IRI reliably differed from the ones in the group of patients without obesity that testifies to the negative influence of obesity on the development of autoimmune immunological disorders in patients with DM type 2. There were established the correlations between BMI and leptin and IL-6 CD4+, CD8+, ІRI indices in patients with DM type 2 in combination with hypothyroidism.
CYSTOMANOMETRY – ONE OF THE ASSESSMENT METHODS OF THE URODYNAMIC INDEXES IN PATIENTS WITH INFILTRATIVE CERVICAL CANCER
Authors: Dermenzhy Tetyana , Svintsitsky Valentin , Nespryadko Sergey , Iatsyna Oleksandr , Kabanov Oleksandr
Published: September 2016

Aim: To evaluate contractile function of urinary bladder in patients with infiltrative cervical cancer after nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy (NSRH). Patients and Methods: Ninety patients with infiltrative cervical cancer were treated with nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy (n=45, NSRH group), or radical hysterectomy (RHE III) without preservation of pelvic autonomic plexuses (n=45, RHE group). Cystomanometry was carried out using urodynamic apparatus “Uro-Pro” by standard method. Results: Using cystomanometry, we have evaluated the main urodynamic indexes such as pressure upon bladder filling (P1), first vesical tenesmus pressure (P2); change of detrusor pressure upon change of bladder volume (P), volume of urinary bladder (V), and complience of urinary bladder wall (C) at preoperative period and postoperative period in both groups of patients. While at preoperative period P1 indexes did not differ significantly between the groups, after NSRH performance, P1 values were significantly higher than P1 values in the group of patients treated with RHE III (8,29±1,1 cm H2O versus 3,51±0,8 cm H2O (р<0,05)). P2 indexes in patients from both groups before and after surgical treatment differed significantly and were 6,82±0,4 cm H2O and 12,27±1,2 cm H2O (р<0,05) in NSRH group, and 5,44±0,6 cm H2O and 10,62±1,1 cm H2O (р<0,05) in RHE III group. The P value in both patients groups before and after the surgical treatments was significantly different, and demonstrated a gradual elevation of urinary bladder pressure, especially in the patients from RHE III treated group. Urinary bladder volume at preoperative and postoperative periods in NSRH-treated group remained practically unaltered (209,78±14,2 ml and 216,86±14,9 ml (р>0,5) respectively), while in the patients from RHE III-treated group after surgical treatment an urinary bladder volume significantly decreased from 188,4±10,5 ml to 161,9±9,8 ml (р<0,05). An analysis of compliance of urinary bladder wall (C) has shown that after surgical treatment in RHE group C value decreased by 75% while in NSE group this index decreased just by 25%. Conclusions: The data of urodynamic study evidence the better preservation of urinary bladder functions in patients with infiltrative cervical cancer after NSRH than in the patients treated with RHE III.
STORAGE OF ACTIVITY OF THE HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN HORMONE IN SOLUTION AT ADDITION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS TO THE PHARMACOLOGICAL COMPOSITION
Authors: Matiukha Iryna , Slyvchuk Yuriy , Syrvatka Vasyl , Gevkan Ivan , Shtapenko Oksana , Milovanova Galina
Published: September 2016

The more stable among the tested samples were samples with saccharose in the concentration of 50–75 mg per cm3. While adding of L- lysine to samples the most stable activity was discovered in the experimental series of samples with the content of lysine of 10 mg per cm3 – activity increased by 54 % as compared to theoretical initial activity of HCG during 8 weeks. While storing gonadotropin with L-glycine fluctuations of hormone activity in all series of samples were observed. Adding of 0.2 mg per cm3 of L-glycine had a more expressed stabilizing effect. Adding of 0.2 mg per cm3 of L-methionine produced relatively high and stable activity of gonadotropin during the 6 weeks storage. Adding of 0.25 mg / cm3 of L- glycine and 75.50 mg / cm3 of saccharose to experimental samples during 2 weeks at 40 °C provided 69.8 % and 60.7 % saving activity of hCG respectively. Activity of gonadotropin in a series of samples with the addition of L- glycine and mannitol was significantly lower and at the end of the study was at an appropriate rate with the control series models. The highest activity of gonadotropin was detected while adding fillers – 10 mg / cm3 L-lysine and 75 mg / cm3 saccharose and mannitol – to recipes as a stabilizer.
THE HOLSTEIN CATTLE BREEDING PARTICULARITIES IN RUSSIAN SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES’ CONDITIONS
Authors: Sidorova Victoria
Published: September 2016

IT- information technologies play a crucial role in the animals breeding value of different breeding, production, morphological, physiological and other livestock groups determining on operation farms. All of these groups are genetic (30 % – in countries with highly developed dairy cattle breeding, 5–25 % in herds of Russia) and technological reserves of milk production. Particularly its exploitation allows to create financial flows that determine the milk production success and farm’s future prospects. The main objective of selection is economics, so livestock owner supports those milk production areas on his farm that give optimum profits. There are at the milk production a lot of such areas: feeding, keeping, excess or lack of staff, etc., Our research, based on experimental data (n=25000) and the literature review had showed that the main of them is the genotype of the animal, so as the low-productive cattle overfeeding doesn’t contribute more additional milk to obtain. The genotype influence is determined by technological, social, financial and other factors that allows to create a harmonious system of their interrelation (r=0,01–0,9). Our researches had allowed to find a model that combines seemingly incompatible factors, and in the individual breeding programs form for the qualitative and quantitative genetics successful application regularities with the dominance of the latter, on small and medium-sized milk production enterprises it to apply.
THE STUDY OF METHODS OF PRELIMINARY COOLING OF FRUITS
Authors: Serdyuk Marina , Stepanenko Dmitrij , Baiberova Svitlana , Gaprindashvili Nonna , Kulik Alina
Published: September 2016

The studies were aimed at scientific grounding of expedience of combination of preliminary cooling of apples, pears and plums and their processing by antioxidant compositions before the long storage and also at establishing of the optimal regimes and methods of this technological operation. The objects of studies were apple, pear and plums fruits of the different pomological species. As a result of studies was offered the combined method that provides preliminary cooling of apple fruits firstly by hydro-cooling in solutions of antioxidant compositions during 1 hour to the temperature in fruit center 8,5 °С, then additional cooling in AOC solutions during 1,5 hours to the temperature in fruit center 9 °С, additional cooling in chamber of intensive cooling during 50 minutes to the temperature in fruit center 1°С. For plum: hydro-cooling in AOC solutions during 40 minutes to the temperature in fruit center 9 °С, additional cooling in chamber of intensive cooling during 30 minutes to the temperature in fruit center 1°С. The use of such method of preliminary cooling provides the fast decrease of intensity of breath and thermal flux of fruits and essentially decreases the lost of their mass. It favors the prolongation of term of storage of fruit raw material with maximal preservation of quality and biological value. The received data and their scientific grounding give a possibility to recommend producers to use the offered method of preliminary cooling in production conditions
Monoclonal Antibodies: from Development to Clinical Application
Authors: Budchanov Yurii Ivanovich
Published: September 2016

The development of monoclonal antibodies (MABs) resulted in revolutionary achievements in diagnosing and treating of oncohematological disorders. The review dwells on the history of the development and improved technologies for production of monoclonal antibodies illustrated by anti-CD20-MABs which recognize different epitopes of the CD20 antigens and have a higher antitumor activity. Engineering techniques can contribute to understanding the effector mechanisms of the application of the novel anti-CD20-MABs and are intended for further improvement of the treatment results.
WT1 Gene Overexpression in Oncohematological Disorders: Theoretical and Clinical Aspects (Literature Review)
Authors: Mamaev Nikolai Nikolaevich , Gudozhnikova Ya.V. , Gorbunova A.V.
Published: September 2016

The article discusses recent data on the WT1 gene overexpression phenomenon in patients with acute leukemias, myelodysplastic syndromes, chronic myeloid leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, and multiple myeloma. It demonstrates that monitoring of the WT1 gene overexpression proves to be effective during the posttransplantation period, as well as after the induction chemotherapy. This approach may be applied in diagnosing the minimal residual disease and early detection of leukemia relapses, as well as their timely and controlled treatment. There are other promising fields of research, such as testing autografts for the presence or absence of tumor elements, as well as evaluation of the efficacy of induction chemotherapy in high risk patients.
Pathomorphological Diagnosis of Splenic Diffuse Red Pulp Small B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Kovrigina Alla Mikhailovna , Korzhova S.M. , Al-Radi L.S. , Dzhulakyan U.L. , Biderman B.V. , Yakutik I.A. , Sudarikov A.B.
Published: September 2016

Background. Unclassifiable splenic B-cell lymphoma/leukemia is a rare and poorly studied disorder introduced in the WHO classification of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue malignancies for the first time in 2008. This type of lymphoma requires differential diagnosing between hairy cell leukemia-variant (HCL-V) and splenic diffuse red pulp small B-cell lymphoma (SDRPL). Aim. To develop criteria for diagnosis of SDRPL by comparison of bone marrow biopsies (BMB) and surgical specimens of the spleen. Methods. In the Department of Morbid Anatomy of the Hematology Research Center, preoperative BMBs and surgical specimens of the spleen (2013-2015) were compared in 71 patients (men/women ratio 1:2.6, age range 44-81, median age 58 years) using morphological and extended immunohistochemical studies. Sanger sequencing and PCR assay were carried out to analyze the mutational status of IgHV and to identify mutations in MAP2K1, NOTCH, BRAF. Results. SDRPL was diagnosed in 5 (7 %) of 71 patients. In 2 groups of patients (with normal and high WBC count), the morphological features of spleen tissue were similar to those of a neoplastic substrate of HCL-V. The immunohistochemical assay demonstrates monomorphic expression of CD20 and DBA.44 and heterogeneous expression of CD11c, TRAP, CD103, CD123 in all cases. In none of the 5 cases, expression of CD25, CD27, Cyclin D1, Annexin-1 was found. In bone marrow (unlike HCL and HCL-V), predominantly interstitial and intravascular scant CD20+ lymphoid infiltration (4 of 5 cases) was found without detectable nucleoli in nuclei of small lymphoid cells. In 1 case, there was a combined lymphoid infiltration: CD20+ microfocalinterstitial infiltration with an intravascular component. No persistent molecular mutations in the spleen tissue specimens were found. Conclusion. SDRPL is diagnosed in 7 % of splenic B-cell lymphomas. It is a rare disorder, whose verification requires an integrated approach taking into account clini cal and laboratory data, results of flow cytometry, cytological, morphological, extended IHC and molecular biological studies.
The impact of working capital policy on risk management in the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange
Authors: Rezazadeh Sefideh Samaneh , Reza Asgari Mohammad
Published: September 2016

Today, the management of resources and current expenditures, working capital management is to maximize shareholder wealth as part of the task of financial management is particularly important. Administrators can choose different strategies affect the company’s liquidity. I.e., in current assets can be conservative or aggressive strategy to secure and in current liabilities can be either conservative or aggressive strategy selected. Risk management is the process that tries the risk of providing investors with regard to their expected returns and put it in the right direction. It should also be noted that risk and return are two integral part of the decision making and risks should always be considered with regard to efficiency. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of working capital policy on risk management companies. This study is based on analysis of literature and analytical Ali panel data (panel data) is. In this study, the financial data of 110 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2007 to 2012 were reviewed (660 firm – years). To analyze the results of the study program 20 Spss, 7 Eviews and 16 Minitab is used. The results confirm the hypotheses associated with the sub 1-1, 2-1, 3-1 and 4-1, respectively, show that Among the four criteria of profitability and working capital policy, return on assets, return on equity, return on investment and Tobin’s q and there is a direct relationship. The results confirm the hypotheses associated with sub 1.2 and 2.2, respectively, indicating that the between policy and operational risk and financial risk, working capital and an inverse relationship exists.
Keywords: policy, working capital, return on assets, return on equity, Tobin’s q, return on investment, operational risk, financial risk, and panel data. JEL Classification: G30, G32
Identifying and prioritizing the effecting factors on implementing policies of Medical Science University of Zabol
Authors: Ghasemi Mohammad , Shahriyari Hakimeh , Bandani Esmat
Published: September 2016

Policy making University of Medical Sciences, in a comprehensive look, three stages of formulation, implementation and evaluation. In the full implementation of the policies of Medical Sciences, indices are several factors to identify them in order to streamline the implementation of policies is important. In this paper, according to studies, the perspective of managers, supervisors and experts on the factors affecting the implementation of the policies set and looked University of Medical Sciences. In the present study, type research methods analytical and applied in terms of goal. The population of managers, supervisors and reporters are Zahedan and Zabol University of Medical Sciences. The questionnaire that the overall validity of the content and reliable 0.84 with Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient was estimated. The results of this study six important landmark in the implementation of policies were identified and ratings which include administration and bureaucracy, targets and policy development, enforcement expertise, personality traits and behavioral anchors, consumers and supported by the legal authorities.
Keywords: public policy making, vision, medical sciences, health document. JEL Classification: D78, I11
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA PEMBELAJARAN PRAKTIK KELISTRIKAN OTOMOTIF SMK DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Sutrisno Valiant Lukad Perdana , Siswanto Budi Tri
Published: September 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari persepsi penguasaan metode mengajar praktik guru, media pembelajaran yang digunakan guru, dan motivasi belajar siswa terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran praktik kelistrikan otomotif SMK keahlian TKR di Kota Yogyakarta. Jenis penelitian ini adalah ex-post facto. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XII pada kompetensi TKR di SMK Kota Yogyakarta yang berjumlah 565 siswa. Sampel sejumlah 185 siswa ditentukan dengan teknik proportional random sampling. Pengambilan data variabel bebas menggunakan angket dengan skala Likert dan Rating Scale. Data variabel terikat dikumpulkan menggunakan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan empat temuan ytiu: (1) terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan persepsi penguasaan metode mengajar praktik guru terhadap hasil belajar praktik kelistrikan otomotif; (2) terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dari persepsi media pembelajaran terhadap hasil belajar pembelajaran praktik kelistrikan otomotif; (3)terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dari motivasi belajar siswa terhadap hasil belajar pembelajaran praktik kelistrikan otomotif; (4) terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dari persepsi penguasaan metode mengajar praktik guru, persepsi media pembelajaran, dan motivasi belajar siswa secara bersama-sama terhadap hasil belajar pembelajaran praktik kelistrikan otomotif.
Environmental Concerns in Local Planning Practice
Authors: Johar Foziah
Published: September 2016

The town and country planning system has been identified to be one of the key instruments in delivering land use and development objectives that are compatible with the aims of sustainable development. Several areas of actions should therefore be considered in the local planning strategy to achieve a more radical approach to environmental sustainability. These include conservation, shaping the locational pattern of development and accommodating environmentally desirable qualities in all development. This paper considers how far local planning authorities through their development control powers are likely to fulfill this role. Drawing on the content analysis of local plans, this paper identifies the framework for development control particularly on envrionmental matter. It also examines the conditions that accompanied a planning approval to determine the extent of control pertaining to environmental aspects. The results indicate the lack of consideration given to environmental related matters compared to the traditional concerns of land use planning. Finally the paper discusses the constraint of the present system and prospects to facilitate better management.
LAND USE PLANNING STATUTES FOR LANGKAWI GEOPARK CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Aziz Sarah , Hashim Halimaton Saadiah , Unjah Tanot , Abdul Aziz Rahimah , Geraldine Chan K.L
Published: September 2016

This paper takes off from the point that geoparks and land are intertwined, and that land use planning can serve as a means to enable effective conservation and development of geoparks. The focus lies on how existing land use related statutes could be put to use to capture the components and elements that make up a geopark, particularly in the case of Langkawi Geopark. Given that there are more than 120 statutes that can be linked to the various aspects and components that make up a geopark, this article has taken the liberty to only focus on a few statutes rather than all that has been identified. This is intentional so as to enable detailed discussion regarding where components that make up a geopark can converge in land use planning aspects, also about processes and procedures that are embodied in existing statutes.
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING THE STATED PREFERENCE OF ACADEMIC EMPLOYEES TOW ARDS TELECOMMUTING IN IIUM CAMPUS, GOMBAK
Authors: Ismail Farah Diyanah , Kadar Hamsa Abdul Azeez , Ibrahim Mansor
Published: September 2016

Telecommuting acts as one of the Transportation Demand Management (TDM) measures that aimed to reduce peak hour traffic congestion by allowing commuters to work from home or a nearby telecommuting centre on certa in days of the week. The increasing private vehicle usage byllUM community (staffs and students) is posing a strain on the abil ity of the existing road and the related infrastructure on-campus. The purpose of this paper is to investigate factors influencing the stated preference of the academic staffs of IIUM towards various aspects of telecommuting. About 100 respondents had participated in this study through a self-administered questionnaire survey. Four research hypotheses highlighting the relationship between the preference to telecommute and commute distance, commute time, marital status having children as well as amount of time spent on research were formulated. Among the hypotheses, only the hypothesis highlighting the preference to telecommute and married female staff with children was tested statistically significant at 95% confidence interval. On the preference to telecommute, about 68% of the respondents expressed willingness to telecommute, even though, the University does not have an official policy on telecommuting arrangement. Some of the recommendations to increase the penetration of telecommuting in IIUM are: establishing telecommuting arrangement;promoting awareness of telecommuting; implementing telecommuting pilot project and conducting further study on various other aspects of telecommuting.
THE POTENTIAL OF URBAN FOREST PARK FOR SUSTAINABLE CITY
Authors: Mohamed Noralizawati , Othman Noriah , Ariffin Mohd Hisham
Published: September 2016

The potential of Urban Forest Park and publics' views are clearly pertinent in urban greening and sustainability, yet they are often ignored by certain countries. In line with this, the Town and Country Planning Department and National Landscape Department had taken steps by developing more urban parks and urban forest parks to enhance the quality and sustainability in urban environment. The study was conducted at FRIM(Forest Research Institution of Malaysia) with 375 respondents participated in this study. It is found that the respondents' evaluation on environmental, social and physical contribution at study area is associated with great and intense values for city sustainability. Public opinion and reason to come to the study area should be taken into account by professionals since they are the users and responsible to ensure thesustainability of urban forest for future generation. Even though the overall percentage of survey showed that public gave good expectation, however, the small percentage could be an eye opener as they assumed the existing setting will face big challenge to sustain in the future.
USER’S PREFERENCE AND PERCEPTION ON THE PEDESTRIAN CROSSING IN MALAYSIA: THE CASE OF AMPANG ROAD, KUALA LUMPUR
Authors: Hoon Leh Oliver Ling , Zamri Zamila , Mohd Amin Mohd Zamreen , Marzukhi Marlyana Azyyati
Published: September 2016

The issue of road accident among pedestrian is highly emotional and raising a very strong interest within the public, and the media, mainly due to the victims are often children and elderly people. However, most of the pedestrians are lack in interest of using the pedestrian crossing. Thus, a study on the perception and preference of the pedestrian on the pedestrian crossing was being carried out in Ampang Road, Kuala Lumpur as a case study. The objectives of the study are to analyze pedestrians’ preference and perception on the various types of pedestrian crossing and to conclude findings and construct strategic recommendation based on the findings. The study has been carried out on three (3) types of pedestrian crossing in Ampang Road which are overhead crossing, underpass crossing and signalised crossing. This study involved with questionnaire survey on the total of 92 respondents, and on-site observation by researcher. Statistical analysis has been carried out, i.e. the frequency, mean and percentage. There are three (3) major findings in this study. The most chosen type of pedestrian crossing is the overhead crossing. However, the underpass crossing was given the best score in term of the quality of the pedestrian crossing (based on the respondents’ perception). Meanwhile, the signalised crossing is the most preferable type of crossing. The reasons and the explanation were discussed in the paper. The study is concluded with strategic recommendation for pedestrian crossing planning.
COMMUTERS’ PERCEPTIONS ON RAIL BASED PUBLIC TRANSPORT SERVICES: A CASE STUDY OF KTM KOMUTER IN KUALA LUMPUR CITY, MALAYSIA
Authors: Bachok Syahriah , Mohamed Osman Mariana , Khalid Ummi Aqilah , Ibrahim Mansor
Published: September 2016

In facing the challenges of urban traffic congestion, when people are becoming more dependent on private vehicles, public transportation services should be functioning effectively as attractive alternative modes. This research evaluates how rail public transport users perceive day to day quality of the provided services. The study investigates commuters‟ satisfaction levels of various trip making aspects on board KTM Komuter trains, a commuter services operated by the company Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB), a heavy rail operator in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A systematic probabilistic sampling questionnaire survey was conducted among the users during the month of December 2011 until March 2012. A sample of 1000 questionnaire forms returned by respondents have been gathered for purposes of ascertaining the overall satisfaction level and analysis on selected aspects of the performance indicators. The results have shown that the majority of the respondents perceived KTM Komuter services to be below the levels that the users had expected, especially the non-adherence to published schedule and travel times, frequency or headways, capacity, the physical conditions of the rail coaches and the information on delays. Most of them expected better services to increase their satisfaction levels. Hence, it is concluded that for the rail public transportation to be sustainable and continuously relevant, the operator has to increase KTM Komuter‟s effectiveness and efficiency or the services have to in the least remain attractive to the existing users.
AN OVERVIEW OF CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS OF PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN THE DELIVERY OF URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICES
Authors: Muhammad Zayyanu , Kwang Sik Kim , Johar Foziah , Sabri Soheil
Published: September 2016

The inability of the public sector to independently meet the increasing demand for infrastructure and services has prompted many governments to adopt Public-private partnership (PPP) as an alternative strategy. In worldwide practices, however, there are mixed results and controversy in the application of PPP model. The Public-private partnership has, for this reason, become an increasingly active research area mainly to establish the Critical Success Factors (CSFs) towards improving the PPP model. This article reviews the current debate on the subject of PPP and compares the findings of different literature regarding the relative importance of CSFs of PPP projects. The authors argue that the CSFs of PPP projects are distinctive to the context of location and time. The article concludes that this subjectivity has implications for the “guaranteed” success of both existing and future PPP projects.
THE RUKUN WARGA-BASED 3RS AND WASTE BANK AS SUSTAINABLE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
Authors: Towolioe Sherly , Permana Ariva Sugandi , A. Aziz Norsiah , Siong Ho Chin , Pampanga Dario G.
Published: September 2016

Communities store a potential power to support overall performance of urban solid waste management through various creative and innovative arrangements. In Indonesia, the Rukun Warga (RW) is the lowest hierarchy of community organizational system which can implement creative and innovative arrangements to support solid waste management activities with less financial requirement. This study observed RW-based activity on fifty RWs with 412 respondents in terms of 3Rs, household waste separation, waste recycling business and waste bank system undertaken by the community for the sake of cleanliness and income-earning. The result shows that the correlation between level of the activity of the RWs communities in undertaking 3Rs, recycling business and waste bank, and the perceived cleanliness by the community members was validated. It is also showed positive results such as improved urban environment and provided strong push-factor influencing the community members to join the movement and the activities towards sustainable solid waste management are not always cost-intensive activities but a socially bounded engagement would also workable.
ELECTRONIC LOCAL AUTHORITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Authors: Thean Siew Tan
Published: September 2016

One of the most important functions of a local authority in Malaysia is development control under the Town and Country Planning Act, 1976 (Act 172) and the Street, Drainage and Building Act, 1974 (Act 133). With the powers under these acts, the local authority is responsible to ensure that any activity of development is carried out in an orderly manner so as not to cause immediate as well as long-term undesirable impacts on the neighbours, the surroundings and the environment. To do this the law requires that any person intending to carry out any development will need a planning permission and a building plan approval from the local authority. In giving such an approval the local authority has to check and ensure that the developer can and will carry out the development properly and according to a good set of by-laws, standards, regulations and guidelines drawn up to protect the safety, health and amenity of the people in the local authority area. However most local authorities, due to numerous valid reasons, have problems carrying out this task and are often accused of causing delays to the development process and hence to the economic progress of the country. Often, justly or unjustly, local authority officers and decision-makers have been branded as not transparent and corrupt for taking such a confusing and lengthy process in considering applications for development approval. Local authorities have hence an almost impossible task of protecting the environment and ensuring sustainable development and at the same time promoting further development and timely economic growth. In an attempt to overcome this problem the Municipal Council of Penang Island (MCPJ), with grants from the Development Application Grant Scheme (DAGS) of the National IT Council (NITC) of Malaysia, embarked on a project to develop an Electronic Local Authority Management System, or "eLAMS". This will assist in the day-to-day functions of processing and considering of applications for planning permission, building plans and earthworks plans, in accordance with a good quality management and environmental managen1ent system. This paper examines the problems of the development control process for sustainable development and the problems of adopting and adapting the electronic system faced by local authorities in Malaysia in general and the Municipal Council of Penang Island in particular. This paper will also outline the proposals to overcome these problems with eLAMS.
DEVELOPING A COMMUNICATIVE PLANNING APPROACH TO RESOLVE LAND USE CONFLICTS IN JELUTONG AREA OF GEORGETOWN, PENANG, MALAYSIA
Authors: Mohit Mohammad Abdul , B.R.M Harun Raja Mohd Firdous
Published: September 2016

This paper examines the urban land use conflict cases which have generated several environmental problems in a small area of Jelutong in Georgetown, Malaysia. Three cases of land use conflicts were identified in the area. The first case was the location of two industries adjacent to a residential area; the second involved the location of a factory within a river reserve area; and the third case was the location of a bus workshop within surrounding residential land uses. The conflicts of interest and spatial environmental implications of each of the conflict cases were analyzed. Based on the findings, the paper also identifies the reasons for the occurrence of those conflicts. Five alternative approaches were developed, with a recommendation to adopt a communicative approach (consensus building) to deal with the environmental problems and improve the living environment of the area.
ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION CONSIDERATIONS IN THE URBAN PLANNING PROCESS IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Kean Fong Wee , Matsumoto Hiroshi , Siong ho Chin , Fat Lun Yu
Published: September 2016

In handling global wanning issues, among the most important measures are to reduce energy consumptions and carbon dioxide emissions. While many countries have recognized the importance of the role of urban planning in energy conservation and reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, spatial planning framework in Malaysia is still lacking in this aspect. Although there are some spatial planning policies indirectly favoring energy conservation, there is still no measure that directly emphasizes on promoting energy conservation and capping carbon dioxide emissions. Energy and carbon dioxide issues should thus be taken as one of the core parts in the urban planning process. It is necessary to develop and incorporate a decision making tool to assess the overall impact of development plans on energy consumptions and carbon dioxide emissions. While achieving the desired economic and social developments, it is necessary to create a low energy-consuming, carbon dioxide-emitting sustainable society.
VEHICLE OWNERSHIP AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN URBAN RESIDENTIAL NEIGHBORHOODS, NORTHERN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA
Authors: Othman Abdul Ghapar , Mat Hassim
Published: September 2016

It is widely believed that owning a vehicle affects one's quality of life. In the United States, owning a car contributes positively to quality of life while in countries such as New Zealand, this impact is not always apparent. Private cars, particularly, has become a leading mode of transport due to its inherent advantages such as privacy, comfort and unrestricted freedom. Other than income, road infrastructure, urban land use pattern and government policies are all influential factors in determining vehicle ownership and usage. It is widely believed that vehicle ownership increases accessibility to better jobs, urban facilities, and social meeting places. This study examines the relationship between owning a private vehicle and social and economic satisfaction, as well as accessibility to public facilities. A total of 1,563 households were surveyed in six urban areas of northern Malaysia. The sample was stratified according to low-, middle-, and high-income neighborhoods. Cross tabulation analysis was done on levels of vehicle ownership and other variables to determine the level of satisfaction in economic and social quality of life. Approximately 99% of those surveyed owned at least a motorcycle while roughly a third owned both a car and a motorcycle. Majority expressed indifference to public transport and considered owning a vehicle a necessity for daily activities. A direct relationship was observed between the number of owned vehicles and the level of job and income satisfaction. Similarly, social interactions with neighbors, participation in community activities, satisfaction in ethnic relations, and attendance in religious services indicated a positive relationship with car ownership. These social satisfaction and economic fulfillment, as well as access to public amenities, are positively enhanced by vehicle ownership.
URBAN AIR ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INDICATORS: A PRELIMINARY SET FOR CITY OF KUALA LUMPUR
Authors: Hoon Leh Oliver Ling , Ahmad Shaharuddin , Aiyub Kadaruddin , Mohd Jani Yaakob
Published: September 2016

Environmental health as an aspect of concern on healthy environment, involves relationship between environment and human health. It comprises the aspects of human health and diseases that are determined by factors in the environment, as well as the characteristics of environmental conditions which affect the quality of health. Generally, urban ambient air is more polluted than overall atmosphere. It is due to higher concentration of human activities and more rapid urban development in urban areas. Urban areas produced air pollutants with higher rate as compared to less developed areas and natural environment. Furthermore, the atmosphere has always been one of the most convenient places to dispose of unwanted materials, which includes burning activities. It changes the natural combination of gases in the air and causes higher rateof urban air pollution. Besides, the air pollutants are likely to circulate and remain in the urban environment due to the "dust dome" phenomenon. Air pollutants are potentially affecting human health. Epidemiologic and laboratory studies demonstrate that ambient air pollutants contribute to various negative health problems, especially on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, skin, and eyes. Research was carried out in developing a set of environmental health indicators for urban air. The determination of environmental health for urban air involves the identification of air-related health conditions and air quality. The preliminary indicators were formulated to examine the air environmental health conditions and issues in city of Kuala Lumpur. Environmental health indicators are providing useful information for decision-makers, and helping in generating discussion among people of different backgrounds.
Антибіотикорезистентність мікроорганізмів: механізми розвитку й шляхи запобігання
Authors: Bondar M.V. , Pylypenko M.M. , Svintukovskyi M.Yu. , Kharchenko L.A. , Prevysla O.M. , Tsvyk I.M.
Published: September 2016

За останні роки проблема розвитку резистентності патогенних мікроорганізмів до основних груп антибактеріальних препаратів переросла з медичної у вагому соціально-економічну. Можливість набуття патогенними мікроорганізмами резистентності до основних груп антибактеріальних препаратів пов’язана зі здатністю бактерій набувати нової генетичної інформації. Ключовим фактором поширення резистентності є здатність бактерій передавати цю інформацію не тільки спадково, а й під час безпосереднього контакту однієї бактерії з іншою за допомогою плазмід. Провідними біохімічними механізмами резистентності є посилення експресії генів і синтез білків (на які діє антибіотик) зі зміною їх структури, синтез бета-лактамаз, які інактивують антибіотик, активне виведення (ефлюкс) антибіотика з мікробної клітини, зниження проникності для антибіотика клітинної мембрани бактерії, формування метаболічного «шунта» та ін.Основними шляхами запобігання антибіотикорезистентності та її подолання вважають запобігання поширенню антибіотикорезистентних збудників та раціональне застосування антибіотиків. У нашій роботі висвітлені сучасні уявлення про механізми розвитку резистентності патогенних мікроорганізмів до основних груп антибактеріальних препаратів і шляхи подолання цієї актуальної проблеми.