bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of sasi culture based mangrove forest conservation instruction package to improve ecological knowledge of Amahai State Society, Central Maluku District
Authors: Wonley Eva Moy , Leiwakabessy Fredy , Melay Stevin
Published: April 2021

Instructional Package is one of the learning media that can be used in the learning process and can increase public knowledge. This research aims to determine, (1) Development of an Instructional Package for Mangrove Forest Conservation Based on Sasi Culture in Amahai Region, (2) Knowing the Effectiveness of this Instructional Package in Improving Community Knowledge About Mangrove Forest Conservation Based on Sasi Culture in Amahai Region. And analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. This research is development research using the dick and Carey model to produce an instructional package which will be tested in Amahai and Sehati villages with a sample for each village of 30 people using a test instrument to measure knowledge both pre-test and post-test, the behaviour group used the instructional package while the control group did not use the instructional package. The mean values obtained in the behavioral group were: for the pre-test 25% and the post-test 29%, while the mean scores for the control group were 25% for the pre-test and 26% for the post-test. To find out the effectiveness of the instructional package, normality is tested using Kolmogorov Smirnov with pre-test and post-test data, and the gain scores are declared normal, and the variance homogeneity test using levena is the value of the two groups is homogeneous and the test is different (t-test). with the significance value used is α 0.05. Thus, it can be concluded that the instructional package is effective and feasible to be used as a learning resource and can be used in the learning process
Kualitas Nutrisi dan Organoleptik Non-Flaky Crackers dengan Penambahan Berbagai Bahan Pangan Alami Kaya Serat Pangan
Authors: Santoso Yovie F , Pranata Fransiscus S , Swasti Yuliana R
Published: April 2021

Dietary fibre is a food component, which has an important role in human health. Dietary fiber consumption promotes cardiovascular health, weight management, and other benefits. Indonesia has an abundance of natural food ingredients, making it easy to meet human dietary fiber requirements. Non-flaky crackers are a bakery product such as snacks with no layers inside and have a neutral or slightly sweet and salty favour. Some natural ingredients added to non-flaky crackers are green bean, microalgae, citrus seeds, broccoli co-products, Hibiscus sabdariffa residue and blackcurrant pomace. The addition of natural ingredients can increase the nutrition and organoleptic quality of non-flaky crackers.

Keywords: Dietary fibre; natural ingredients; non-flaky crackers; nutrition content; organoleptic

 

ABSTRAK

Serat pangan merupakan komponen pada makanan yang memiliki peran penting bagi kesehatan manusia. Konsumsi serat pangan dapat membantu meregulasi kesehatan kardiovaskular, menyeimbangkan berat badan dan kesehatan lainnya. Indonesia memiliki keberagaman bahan pangan alami yang berlimpah, oleh karena itu mudah untuk memenuhi kebutuhan serat pangan bagi manusia. Non-flaky crackers adalah produk bakery berupa snack, yang tidak memiliki lapisan di dalamnya dan memiliki rasa netral, atau sedikit manis dan asin. Beberapa bahan yang dapat ditambahkan pada non-flaky crackers untuk meningkatkan kadar serat diantaranya adalah kacang polong, mikroalga, biji jeruk, brokoli co-products, Hibiscus sabdariffa residue dan blackcurrant pomace. Penambahan bahan pangan alami tersebut meningkatkan kualitas nutrisi dan organoleptik non-flaky crackers.

Kata kunci: Bahan alami; kadar nutrisi; non-flaky crackers, organoleptik; serat pangan
A evasão no sistema Universidade Aberta do Brasil: uma análise das justificativas das instituições integrantes
Authors: Nogueira Danielle Xabregas Pamplona , Ferreira Marcello , Lira Luiz Alberto Rocha de
Published: April 2021

Este artigo trata da evasão em cursos à distância. Tem como objetivo analisar as justificativas acadêmicas apresentadas por instituições de educação superior (IES) a propósito da evasão discente nos cursos ofertados no âmbito do Sistema Universidade Aberta do Brasil (UAB). A pesquisa envolveu a realização de análise de conteúdo nos textos das 77 justificativas apresentadas por IES do Sistema UAB à Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Nível Superior (Capes), relativamente à evasão em cursos de graduação e de pós-graduação lato sensu. Os resultados apontaram que, na maioria dos casos, do ponto de vista dos alunos, a falta de internet e a pouca habilidade para manejar as ferramentas tecnológicas têm sido os principais causadores de evasão. Quanto às IES, as principais alegações se relacionam à precariedade de profissionais, principalmente os tutores, além de fatores relativos à equipe multidisciplinar, como o desenvolvimento de materiais didáticos e videoaulas. Outro fator considerado como de principal correlação ao fenômeno foi a ausência ou falta de qualidade na infraestrutura.
Между властью и рабочими: советские профсоюзы в период нэпа
Authors: Исаев В. И.
Published: April 2021

 В статье рассматривается развитие советских профсоюзов в условиях новой экономической политики (нэпа). На основе анализа документов высших партийных и профсоюзных органов показан процесс превращения профсоюзов из организаций, созданных для защиты интересов работников, в часть партийно-государственного аппарата СССР. Сделаны выводы о том, что функционирование профсоюзов как социального института постоянно подвергалось политическому контролю и прямому вмешательству со стороны правящей партии большевиков. К концу исследуемого периода окончательно закрепилось подчиненное положение профсоюзов по отношению к большевистской партии и советскому государству, что стало важным шагом на пути к экономике мобилизационного типа.
Сравнительный анализ правового статуса крестьянско- фермерского и личного подсобного хозяйств
Authors: Владимиров Игорь Александрович , Иксанов Радмир Аузагиевич
Published: April 2021

При общемировой практике признания аграрного производства убыточной сферой хозяйственной деятельности в России возникают противоречия в практике применения гражданского, предпринимательского и аграрного законодательства в процессе трансформации аграрного производства в сферу аграрных предпринимательских отношений. Проведен сравнительный анализ правового статуса крестьянско-фермерского и личного подсобного хозяйств. Обоснована идея объединения личных подсобных хозяйств граждан по территориальному признаку в «социальные сельскохозяйственные кооперативы» с наделением данных кооперативов статусом субъекта социального предпринимательства.
Экономическая эффективность технологии возделывания гороха на семенные и продовольственные цели
Authors: Абрамкина Людмила Пиркулыевна , Калабашкина Елена Владимировна , Ульдина Софья Викторовна , Яшина Наталья Алексеевна , Иванушенков Игорь Анатольевич
Published: April 2021

На примере технологических карт возделывания гороха сортов Немчиновский 100, Флора 2, Немчиновский 50 селекции ФИЦ «Немчиновка» представлен расчет экономической эффективности. По полученным результатам маржа покрытия в расчете на 1 т гороха, возделываемого по интенсивной и базовой технологиям, составила соответственно: у сорта Немчиновский 100 — 21,08 тыс. и 19,24 тыс. руб., у сорта Флора 2 — 21,67 тыс. и 20,44 тыс. руб., у сорта Немчиновский 50 — 22,05 тыс. и 21,12 тыс. руб. Рентабельность затрат у сортов, возделываемых по интенсивной и базовой технологии, составила соответственно: Немчиновский 100 — 170,77 и 109,72 %, Флора 2 — 196,44 и 147,46 %, Немчиновский 50 — 202,07 и 172,36 %; маржинальная рентабельность: Немчиновский 100 — 70,27 и 64,13 %, Флора 2 — 72,23 и 68,13 %, Немчиновский 50 — 73,50 и 70,40 %. Процесс возделывания гороха является достаточно экономически эффективным по всем технологиям и сортам, но наиболее эффективна интенсивная технология.
An Application Example for The Teaching Fractions with the Developed Digital Fraction Transparency Material
Authors:   Ege University (Turkey), IPEK Jale , YAMAN Uğur ,   Ministry of National Education, Eserkent Middle School (Turkey)
Published: April 2021

The aim of the current study is to investigate the effects of digital teaching materials on 4th graders' academic achievement on fractions subject and attitudes towards mathematics and computers. The study was planned with a pretest and posttest control group design. The participants of the study were 60 students studying in a public elementary school in Karabağlar district of İzmir province. Through a pilot study, groups were selected to administer an academic achievement test to all fourth classes in the school. Initial analyses suggested A and E classes" achievement scores did not differ significantly; thus, these classes were included in the study. Class A with 32 students was randomly selected as the experimental group. 55% (n = 33) of the participants were male and 45% (n = 27) were female. The experimental group received technology-enhanced presentations, whereas the control group had traditional presentations from the same teacher. Participants had access to interactive digital materials within course hours on the classroom computer. The study took four weeks (16 course hours). Data were collected through fractions achievement test, mathematics attitude scale and computer attitude scale. Results revealed no significant differences between achievement and computer attitudes scores of the groups. However, the mathematics attitudes scores show significant differences between groups.
Higher Education Color Design Based on Organizational Vision
Authors:   Hasanuddin University, Indonesia, Martosenjoyo Triyatni
Published: April 2021

The vision of higher education organizations is needed to show the goals and how the higher education organizations work. With a vision, the activities of organizational members can be moved, directed and controlled to achieve organizational goals. In addition to being disseminated to members of the organization, the vision must also be introduced to stakeholders and the wider community as a way to create an institutional branding. One of the ways that a vision can be remembered easily is to use color symbols of the institution strategic elements. This article discusses how to design color concepts based on organizational vision and apply them to architectural elements of buildings. Vision always changes over time. On the other hand, buildings have a relatively longer life. The architect's task is to align the design age of higher education architecture so that it is always in line with its vision. Research location at Unhas Tamalanrea Campus Makassar with consideration of the level of organizational complexity. The research method uses a constructive paradigm. Data collection was carried out using the review of institutional documents, in-depth interviews, FGD, and transactional dialogue with the academic community. This research is conducted since the preparation of the Unhas Strategic Plan’s 2006-2010, 2011-2015, and 2016-2020. The results of the discussion are in the form of a concept recommendation for the vision color of the institution.
FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA COMO CONDIÇÃO PARA A MELHORIA DO TRABALHO DO DOCENTE COM DESENVOLVIMENTO DA PESQUISA E INOVAÇÃO NO ÂMBITO DAS NOVAS TECNOLOGIAS NA EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: ZERBONE ZUCOLOTTO MARCILENE
Published: April 2021

Este artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre a necessidade de formação continuada para o docente brasileiro como forma de melhoria de seu trabalho pedagógico e educacional na atualidade dominada pelas tecnologias modernas. Em geral, os cursos superiores de pedagogia e outros correlatos formam deficientemente o profissional e este necessita se aperfeiçoar continuamente para poder lidar com os desafios da presença das tecnologias informáticas. O objetivo desta pesquisa é investigar como a formação continuada contribui para compensar essa insuficiente situação acadêmica do docente. Com complementação do hábito de pesquisa e de adoção da inovação, o docente poderá ensinar qualitativamente empregando as novas tecnologias comunicativas em sala de aula. A metodologia se embasa em abordagem bibliográfica com consulta de vários autores especialistas em docência e em tecnologias na educação, que trazem informações importantes para a qualidade do ensino e melhoria da aprendizagem para o discente. O docente precisa ser pesquisador e adotar posturas inovadoras para continuar desenvolvendo habilidades e técnicas com o uso das tecnologias digitais em sala de aula.
A rettenthetetlen kiflivég-saga
Authors: Baka L. Patrik
Published: April 2021

Jelen tanulmány Keresztesi József Csücsök, avagy a nagy pudinghajsza című verses meseregényét állítja fókuszba. A munka első szakasza a modern- és a kortárs meseregények sajátosságai, különbségei és eredői felől közelít a műhöz, majd rátér Keresztesi mesevilágának narratopoétikai jellegzetességeire, kiépülésére, határaira és határátlépéseire. Részletesen elemezzük az alkotás formai jellemzőit, nyelvének egyszerre kortárs és archaizáló vonásait, az egész művet átszövő humort, a világjelleget híven tükröző poétikát és névadási stratégiát, de kitérünk az önreflexiókra, az intertextuális kapcsolódásokra, valamint érintjük kép- és szöveg viszonyát is a kötetben.
Olvasóvá nevelés óvodáskorban a drámapedagógia módszereivel
Authors: Gönczöl Andrea
Published: April 2021

A tanulmány fókuszában az óvodáskorú gyermekek olvasóvá nevelésének, irodalom iránti kíváncsiságuk felébresztésének kérdései állnak. A szerző célja bemutatni a drámapedagógia azon módszereit, melyek elméleti és gyakorlati segítséget nyújthatnak az óvodapedagógusoknak a gyermekek beszéd- és viselkedéskultúrájának, érzelmi intelligenciájának fejlesztéséhez, az alapvető etikai kategóriák, fogalmak – mint például az elfogadás, nyitottság, tolerancia – gyakorlatban történő, játékos alkalmazásához. A drámapedagógiai módszerek és a mesereprodukciós formák tudatos és szakszerű alkalmazása ösztönzi a gyermekeket a történetezés és narratívateremtés örömének felfedezésében, segítve szövegértésük és logikus gondolkodásuk fejlődését. Az írásban kiemelt szerepet kapnak az interaktív tevékenységi módok, a komplex személyiségfejlesztő drámajátékok, valamint a projektpedagógia elveire épülő drámatervek bemutatása.
ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНИЙ ПІДХІД ДО ОПИСАННЯ ПРОЦЕСІВ І РОЗВ’ЯЗУВАННЯ ЗАДАЧ ЕЛЕКТРИКИ
Authors: Івашина Ю. , Ковальчук В. , Куриленко Н.
Published: April 2021

Формулювання проблеми. Завдяки універсальності закону збереження енергії енергетичний підхід можна застосовувати при описанні всіх фізичних процесів і розв’язуванні задач. Мета роботи – розкриття переваг та недоліків енергетичного підходу при описі фізичних процесів і розв’язуванні задач електрики.

Матеріали і методи. Використано задачний метод: визначалася внутрішня сила, яка виникає в плоскому конденсаторі при зміні взаємного положення пластин на основі енергетичного і динамічного підходів, робота цієї сили і зміна енергії конденсатора для випадків його підключення і відключення від джерела струму.

Результати. Обґрунтовано природу різних сил, які діють всередині конденсатора. У випадку відключеного від джерела зарядженого конденсатора внутрішня сила – це пондемоторна сила притягування різнойменно заряджених пластин. При підключені конденсатора до джерела струму сила дії поля конденсатора має дві складові, які обумовлені зміною заряду і зміною ємності.

Висновки. Енергетичний підхід, як феноменологічний і макроскопічний, дозволяє достатньо просто визначати внутрішні сили, які діють в системі, їх роботу і зміну енергії системи, але не розкриває природу цих сил і механізм їх дії. Застосування динамічного методу дозволяє не тільки визначити сили, що діють в системі, а й розкрити їх природу та механізм дії. Проте, такий підхід вимагає більш глибокого проникнення в суть фізичних явищ та процесів і його не завжди можна застосувати внаслідок неможливості, або складності визначення сили та її залежності від змін в системі.
Non-microsurgical replantation (composite graft with palmar pocketing) – a case report of successful reintegration of distal finger amputation
Authors:   Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Provincial Hospital in Kalisz, Poland, Dekert Tomasz , Urbaniak Ireneusz
Published: April 2021

Microvascular replantation in not always feasible for distal finger amputations. Our work presents a case of 23-year-old woman who suffered an amputation of index finger at the level of nail base. She was disqualified from microvascular replantation, however, the cooperation with Replantation Service resulted in an uncommon method of treatment, which resulted in excellent functional and aesthetic outcome. Composite grafting for fingertip amputations is a unique procedure which enables preserving original tissue with its function. We consider composite grafting to be a valuable adjunct to the wide range of methods for treating distal finger amputiations.
Лариса Дмитриевна Материй. К 80-летию со дня рождения (1940–2000 гг.)
Authors: Ермакова О. В.
Published: April 2021

В 2020 г. исполнилось 80 лет со дня рождения Ларисы Дмитриевны Материй – замечательного гистолога, посвятившего себя проблемам радиочувствительности крови и кроветворных органов у животных в природной среде на радиоактивно загрязненных территориях.
Empididae (Diptera: Brachycera) of the Maltese Islands
Authors: Ebejer Martin J.
Published: April 2021

An account is given of the Empididae of Malta. The eleven species known to inhabit the islands are listed with data for the eight species not previously published. The paucity of species on the Maltese Islands is briefly discussed in the context of the distribution of the family and
some aspects of its ecology.
Annotated Checklist of the British Dacnusini and the Dapsilarthra genus group of the Alysiini (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Alysiinae)
Authors: Charles H. , Godfray J.
Published: April 2021

An annotated checklist of the British Dacnusini and the Dapsilarthra genus group of the Alysiini (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Alysiinae) is provided. In addition to a species list with synonymy (based on Broad, Shaw & Godfray 2016) further details are given of: (i) intrageneric
groupings; (ii) a reference to each species' treatment in the unindexed and multipart major revisions of Nixon & Griffith; (iii) a hypothesis about host range, where known (about three quarters of species), and the evidence upon which this is based; (iv) DNA barcode BIN references where
available (currently for about half the species); (v) any further relevant notes. Brief mention is made of 10 likely new species which require further material before they can be described. 23 new 'nation' records (i.e. for Scotland, Wales etc.) and 29 new parasitoid-host associations
are recorded.
Sistem ekonomi raizes faire qadak smith
Authors: Hendra Samsul
Published: April 2021

Perkembangan ekonomi global pada tahun 1990-an menyisakan kehidupan sosial ekonomi masyarakat dunia tidak lepas dari tekanan pasar. Masyarakat seolah-olah diminta untuk mempersiapkan dirinya untuk dapat bersaing atau berkompetisi dengan masyarakatnya sendiri dan masyarakat asing melalui kebebasan ekonomi pasar global. Khususnya bagi negara-negara dunia ketiga atau negara berkembang, para pemangku kebijakan pemerintahnya terus mengupayakan proses pertumbuhan serta percepatan ekonomi pembangunan bangsa tertentu dengan menggunakan paradigma globalisasi ekonomi.
Tugas makalah metode sejarah
Authors: adam Donny
Published: April 2021

Setiap ilmu pengetahuan memiliki seperangkat aturan dan petunjuk yang membantu ketepatan hasilnya. Kompleksitas aturan dan petunjuk inilah yang disebut metode atau teknik (Gar-raghan, 1957: 33). Metode artinya cara atau pro-sedur yang bersifat sistematis (Webster, 19862: 1422).
The real preschoolers of Orange County: Early number learning in a diverse group of children
Authors: Sarnecka Barbara Wiseheart , Negen James , Scalise Nicole R. , Goldman Meghan , Rouder Jeffrey N.
Published: April 2021

The authors assessed a battery of number skills in a sample of over 500 preschoolers, including both monolingual and bilingual/multilingual learners from households at a range of socio-economic levels. Receptive vocabulary was measured in English for all children, and also in Spanish for those who spoke it. The first goal of the study was to describe entailment relations among numeracy skills (in other words, to see which skills serve as prerequisites for other skills). Findings indicated that transitive and intransitive counting were jointly required for understanding cardinality and that cardinality and knowledge of written number symbols were both required for using number lines. The study’s second goal was to describe relations between symbolic numeracy and language context (i.e., monolingual vs. bilingual contexts), separating these from well-documented socio-economic influences such as household income and parental education: Language context had only a modest effect on numeracy, with no differences detectable on most tasks. However, a difference did appear on the scaffolded number-line task, where bilingual learners performed slightly better than monolinguals. The third goal of the study was to find out whether symbolic number knowledge for one subset of children (Spanish/English bilingual learners from low-income households) differed when tested in their home language (Spanish) vs. their language of preschool instruction (English): Findings indicated that children performed as well or better in English than in Spanish for all measures, even when their receptive vocabulary scores in Spanish were higher than in English.
Differential expression of dihydropyrimidinase like 2 in cancers of the breast.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: April 2021

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding dihydropyrimidinase like 2, DPYSL2, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast. DPYSL2 mRNA was present at significantly lower quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of DPYSL2 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with recurrence-free survival in patients with luminal A subtype cancer, demonstrating a relationship between primary tumor expression of a differentially expressed gene and patient survival outcomes influenced by molecular subtype. DPYSL2 may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
Indonesia sebagai Negara Agraris
Authors: Fauzan Tasya Calvina
Published: April 2021

Sektor pertanian memegang peranan penting dari keseluruhan perekonomian nasional. Hal ini dapat ditunjukkan dari banyaknya penduduk atau tenaga kerja yang hidup atau bekerja dalam sektor pertanian atau dari produk nasional yang berasal dari sektor pertanian.Sebagai negara agraris, Indonesia memiliki sumber daya alam yang beraneka ragam, baik wilayah daratan maupun perairan yang cukup luas. Di sisi lain, sektor pertanian di Indonesia memang berperan penting untuk meningkatkan sektor perekonomian dan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pokok pangan.
PENDIDIKAN SEJARAH DALAM PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER BANGSA
Authors: Mukhlis Muhammad
Published: April 2021

Pendidikan merupakan upaya terencana dalam mengembangkan potensi anak didik sehingga mereka memiliki sistem berpikir, nilai, moral, dan keyakinan yang diwariskan masyarakatnya dan mengembangkan warisan tersebut ke arah yang sesuai untuk kehidupan masa kini dan masa mendatang. Pendidikan karakter merupakan proses untuk menuntun peserta didik menjadi manusia seutuhnya yang berkarakter dalam hati, raga, pikir, serta rasa dan karsa. Pendidikan karakter dapat dimaknai sebagai pendidikan nilai, pendidikan budi pekerti, pendidikan moral, pendidikan watak, yang bertujuan mengembangkan kemampuan peserta didik untuk memberikan keputusan baik buruk, memelihara apa yang baik, dan mewujudkan kebaikan itu dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dengan sepenuh hati (Samani, 2011:45).Pendidikan sejarah merupakan pendidikan yang sangat penting untuk mengajarkan kepada peserta didik akan pentingnya sejarah sebagai pembentuk kepribadian siswa. Sartono Kartodirdjo dalam (Susanto, 2014:35) berpendapat bahwa dalam rangka pembangunan bangsa, pengajaran sejarah tidak semata mata berfungsi untuk memberikan pengetahuan sejarah sebagai kumpulan informasi fakta sejarah tetapi juga bertujuan menyadarkan anak didik atau membangkitkan kemampuan berpikir kesejarahannya.
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Authors: Jumpink
Published: April 2021

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The incremental net benefit of lipid-lowering therapy with PCSK9 inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of cost-utility studies
Authors: Bagepally Bhavani Shankara , Sasidharan Akhil
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) are monoclonal antibodies that lower lipid levels by inhibiting PCSK9. Although several cardiovascular outcome trials reported beneficial clinical effectiveness of PCSK9i, the evidence on cost-effectiveness is mixed. We systematically reviewed the evidence on cost-effectiveness and synthesized incremental net benefit (INB) to quantify the pooled cost-effectiveness of PCSK9i lipid-lowering therapy. Methods: We systematically searched for full economic evaluation studies reporting outcomes of PCSK9 inhibitors compared with any other lipid-lowering pharmacotherapies. We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Tufts Registry for eligible studies up-to September 2020, adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline. We pooled the INB with a 95% confidence interval using a random-effects model. We assessed the Heterogeneity using the Cochrane-Q test and I2 statistic. We used the modified economic evaluations bias (ECOBIAS) checklist to evaluate the quality of the selected studies.Results: A total of 20 studies were eligible, mainly from high-income countries (HIC). The pooled INB of PCSK9i versus other lipid-lowering pharmacotherapies were estimated from n=21 comparisons; with high heterogeneity (I2=98.04). The INBp (95% CI) was US$ -46,665 (-196,203; 102,874), PCSK9i was found to be not cost-effective when compared with other standard therapies; however, this finding was not statistically significant. On subgroup analysis PCSK9i was significantly not cost-effective [US$ -25,686 (-26,085;-25,287), I2=0] compared to other lipid-lowering pharmacotherapies among HICs, with payers perspective [US$ -25,686 (-26,086;-25,287), I2=0] and with higher discount rates of 5% for cost [US$ -25,686 (-26,086;-25,287), I2=0]. The sensitivity analysis revealed the subgroup findings are not robust.Conclusion: PCSK9is’ are not cost-effective compared to other lipid-lowering pharmacotherapies in HICs. Further, current pieces of evidence are predominantly from HICs with largely lacking evidence from other economies. Prospero registration: ID CRD42020206043
MENGENAL SOSIAL EKONOMI DI BANJARMASIN DENGAN MODEL BERPIKIR HISTORIS
Authors: Abdurrahman Luthfi
Published: April 2021

Status sosial merupakan tempat atau kedudukan seseorang dalam masyarakat dan secara umum berhubungan dengan oranglain. Untuk status ekonomi merupakan bentuk gaya hidup seseorang. Satatus sosial ekonomi keadaan atau kedudukan dalam masyarakat dari beberapa faktor, yaitu Pendidikan, pekerjaan dan pendapatan seseorang. Kota meupakan tempat sebagai pusat ekonomi, pusat pemerintahan dan untuk mendapatkan kehidupan yang lebih baik di kota. Kota Banjarmasin merupakan tempat untuk orang melakukan perdagangan. Banjarmasin adalah kota seribu sungai tidak heran semua aktivitas dilakukan di sungai-sungai. Dengan berpikir historis kita bisa melihat yang terjadi dimasalalu dan melihat perkembangan dan perubahan yang terjadi sekarang. Berpikir historis merupakan proses berpikir dalam mengelola informasi melalui pengumpulan dan penafsiran fenomena yang terjadi di masa lalu.
Statistical comparison of DEC and DEC+J is identical to comparison of two ClaSSE submodels, and is therefore valid
Authors: Matzke Nicholas
Published: April 2021

Statistical model comparison has become common in historical biogeography, enabled by the R package BioGeoBEARS, which implements several models in a common framework, allowing models to be compared with standard likelihood-based methods of statistical model comparison. Ree and Sanmartín (2018) critiqued the comparison of Dispersal-Extinction-Cladogenesis (DEC) and a modification of it, DEC+J, which adds the process of jump dispersal at speciation. DEC+J provides highly significant improvements in model fit on most (although not all) datasets. They claim that the comparison is statistically invalid for a variety of reasons. However, analysis of the critique demonstrates a number of problems, ranging from mistakes in the example likelihood calculations through to misunderstanding the true causes of the likelihood advantage of DEC+J on typical datasets. I show that DEC+J fits better on datasets because the DEC model is statistically inadequate in the common situation when most species have geographic ranges of single areas; the DEC model requires long residence times of multi-area ranges, and when these are not observed, a model that does produce such data patterns, such as DEC+J, prevails. More fundamentally, I demonstrate that statistical comparison of DEC and DEC+J produces identical log-likelihood differences to statistical comparison of two submodels of ClaSSE where extinction rates are fixed to 0. As Ree and Sanmartín recommend ClaSSE models as valid for comparison, the comparison of DEC and DEC+J is statistically valid according to their own criteria.
NMR Spectroscopic Study of Chemical Reactions in Mixtures Containing Oleic Acid, Formic Acid, and Formoxystearic Acid
Authors: Fröscher Agnes , Langenbach Kai , von Harbou Erik , Thiel Werner R. , Hasse Hans
Published: April 2021

Oleic acid (OA) and formic acid (FA) react to formoxystearic acid (FSA), in the presence of acidic catalysts.This reaction is of interest as OA can be obtained from renewable resources and FSA is a potential precursor for biopolymers.We have recently studied the liquid−liquid equilibrium (LLE) in the uncatalyzed nonreacting system OA + FA + FSA. Thiswork is extended here to the reactive system, in which a reactive liquid−liquid equilibrium (RLLE) exists. The reactionequilibrium is studied by quantitative NMR spectroscopy at temperatures between 333 and 353 K in homogeneous OA-richmixtures. This information is combined with that on the LLE to determine the RLLE. The physicochemical equilibria aremodeled in a thermodynamically consistent way using the associating lattice cluster theory (ALCT). Furthermore, data on thechemical equilibrium of the formation of the OA-isomer elaidic acid (EA) is supplied. Also the decomposition of FA and theformation of estolides (EL), which are oligomers of OA and EA, was observed and quantified.
The origin and early evolution of arthropods
Authors: Aria Cédric
Published: April 2021

The rise of arthropods is a decisive event in the history of life. Likely the first animals to have established themselves on land and in the air, arthropods have pervaded nearly all ecosystems and have become pillars of the planet’s ecological networks. Forerunners of this epopee, exceptionally well-preserved Palaeozoic fossils recently discovered or re-discovered thanks to new approaches and techniques have elucidated the precocious appearance of extant lineages at the onset of the Cambrian explosion, and pointed to the critical role of the plankton and hard integuments in early arthropod diversification. Despite new interpretative challenges, phylogenetic advances based on palaeontological evidence open the prospect of finally using the full potential of the most diverse animal phylum to investigate macroevolutionary patterns and processes.
Dual sound reception apparatus in protocetid whales
Authors: Mourlam Mickaël Joël
Published: April 2021

Modern cetaceans dwell in an underwater world of sound. Due to the specific physico-acoustic conditions inherent in the aquatic environment, sound reception pathway in modern whales drastically differs from that of land mammals and implies deep modification of their external acoustic apparatus. To fathom the implementation of this underwater hearing system, the rare data on the auditory region of early whales are paramount. Among them, previous studies on protocetid auditory region highlighted the presence of two potential acoustic portals on the lateral wall of the bulla: a tympanic ring and a tympanic plate. Through an anatomical survey, I explore the external sound reception apparatus of a protocetid whale and discuss the functionality of these two sound portals. The study of the tympanic ring, allow me to propose a reconstruction of the tympanic membrane of this early whale, suggesting that this structure was functional for aerial hearing. 3D investigation of the bone thickness of the bulla reveals the presence of homologous areas of reduced thickness within the tympanic plate of protocetid and modern cetaceans, highlighting a common functioning of this structure for underwater hearing. Thus, this detailed anatomical survey of the lateral wall of a protocetid tympanic bulla confirms the functionality of the two contiguous acoustic portals and sheds new light on the sound transmission mechanism in these early whales.
White Fragility: An Emotion Regulation Perspective
Authors: Ford Brett Quaid , Green Dorainne Jodi-Ann , Gross James
Published: April 2021

To address anti-Black racism, systemic change across many domains in American life will be necessary. There are many barriers to change, however, and progress requires identifying these barriers and developing tools to overcome them. Given that White individuals disproportionately occupy ‘gatekeeping’ positions of power, one key barrier to systemic change is rooted in White individuals’ emotional (and emotion-regulatory) responses when considering their own role in racism (e.g., involvement in racist systems, biased actions). White people often experience such moments as a jeopardy to their valued goals and are consequently highly motivated to reduce the distress they feel by denying or avoiding the issue – a multi-faceted response known as a White fragility response. When White individuals enact a White fragility response, they can further damage the well-being of Black members of their community and weaken their own motivation for systemic change. Given its stark costs, it is critical to understand White fragility responses. In this article, we argue that White fragility can be usefully viewed through the lens of emotion and emotion regulation theory. In particular, we describe the emotion and emotion regulation responses that characterize White fragility, summarize the wide-ranging consequences of White fragility responses, highlight more sustainable ways forward, and end by considering a broader fragility framework that acknowledges multiple dimensions of power. Although emotion regulation lies at the heart of White fragility, emotion regulation is also a tool that can be leveraged for greater justice.
Neurons in the mouse brain correlate with cryptocurrency price: a cautionary tale
Authors: Meijer Guido
Published: April 2021

In this paper I report the discovery of neurons which showed a neural correlate with ongoing fluctuations of Bitcoin and Ethereum prices at the time of the recording. I used the publicly available dataset of Neuropixel recordings by the Allen Institute to correlate the firing rate of single neurons with cryptocurrency price. Out of ~40.000 recorded single neurons, ~70% showed a significant correlation with Bitcoin or Ethereum prices. Even when using the conservative Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons, ~35% of neurons showed a significant correlation, which is well above the expected false positive rate of 5%. These results were due to "nonsense correlations": when correlating two signals which both evolve slowly over time, the chances of finding a significant correlation between the two are much higher than when comparing signals which lack this property.
Curious and Fantastical: The Daydreaming of Creative Writers
Authors: Zedelius Claire Marie , Schooler Jonathan
Published: April 2021

What are the daydreams of creative individuals like? Do they reflect the daydreamer’s level of creativity? To answer this question, this research examines the daydreams of creative writers and ordinary people. Among several daydream qualities, the research focused particularly on curiosity, or the extent to which daydreams revolve around unresolved questions and problems. Studies 1 and 2 provide evidence that curious daydreams—along with fantastical daydreams—predict creativity in community samples. Study 3 compares the daydreams of professional creative writers and non-writers, and examines what daydream qualities predict creativity within these groups. On questionnaires and in a week-long experience sampling procedure, writers reported more curious and fantastical daydreams than non-writers. Fantastical daydreams predicted their lifetime history of creative behavior and achievement. Moreover, daily creative behavior and inspiration throughout the study were predicted by curious, fantastical, meaningful, and pleasant daydreaming, with notable differences between writers and non-writers.
The Evolution of Vietnamese Foreign Policy in the Doi Moi Era
Authors: Vuving Alexander
Published: April 2021

Tracing the evolution of Vietnamese foreign policy since the 1980s, this chapter identifies four major turning points in its trajectory. Each turning point was triggered by an event or series of events that profoundly altered the international environment of Vietnam’s quest for identity, resources, and security. These events exerted enormous impact not only on the conditions under which the country operates but also on Vietnamese views of the world and the key actors in their international environment. When Vietnam’s ruling elites responded to these changes, they set in motion corresponding changes in Vietnamese domestic and foreign policy. The foreign policy periods bracketed by the turning points thus roughly corresponded with phases in the evolution of the Vietnamese state. This paper will tease out the complex relationships between the international environment, the nature of the Vietnamese state, and Vietnamese foreign policy, and shed light on the worldviews and motives behind Vietnam’s foreign policy. The key challenge to current Vietnamese foreign policy, which was also its main shortcoming in the last three decades, is that Vietnam’s policymakers often view the world through the prism of a bygone era. The last section of the paper will briefly scan the horizon for the next turning point in Vietnamese foreign policy.
Study on Image Quality in Teledermatology and Telepathology of Telemedicine Using a Digital Camera
Authors: Rai Krishna Bahadur
Published: April 2021

Telemedicine is the delivery of health care and exchange of health care information across distance by the use of electronic communication and information technology. Telemedicine (Teledermatology and Telepathology) are being increasing popular and advanced. In ROC curve analysis, it is found that the area under the ROC curve for dermatology is 0.922 saying that a randomly selected individual from the positive group has a test value larger than that for a randomly chosen individual from the negative group by 92% of the time. For histology and cytology, areas under ROC curve are 0.909 and 1.000 respectively. These larger areas indicate high diagnostic accuracy through the high image quality. Again, the P-value for dermatology, histology and cytology are respectively 0.000, 0.000 and 0.001 and all the P-values are low i.e., P < 0.05 which is statistically significant. Therefore, this confirms that an image has good help to detect disease for the doctor’s diagnosis. For detection of disease through images, these images must have good and high quality.
Development in Social Cultural Status of Tamang Women (A Brief Study of Phungling Municipality Ward No. 10, Taplejung, District)
Authors: Khatri Chakra Bahadur
Published: April 2021

There is great values of development of socio-cultural and economic status of indigenous women like Tamang, limbus for the holistic development in Nepal. The perfect socio-cultural and economic status only can determine the level of development. This paper tries to carry out the sketch of developing condition of socio-cultural status of Tamang women in Phungling Municipality Ward No. 10. The paper is based on both primary and secondary data. Most of the data are taken from interview questionnaires. The relevancy of this paper goes to find out the developing stages of socio-cultural and economic status of Tamang women for the better livelihood of  Tamang community.
Role of Macroeconomic Variables in Entrepreneurship Development: Evidence from Renewable Energy Sector of Nepal
Authors: Yadav Maheshwar Prasad
Published: April 2021

This study analyzes the impact of macroeconomic variables on entrepreneurship development in renewable energy sector of Nepal. This study examines the effect of GDP, market size in terms of population and number of households, and sales in terms of number of renewable energy systems installed on entrepreneurship development, i.e., number of renewable energy enterprises (REEs) using data from 1992/93 to 2016/17 by estimating various logarithmic models. The study concludes that the most important factor affecting entrepreneurship development is market size followed by GDP and sales in the context of renewable energy sector in Nepal. This study is considered to be useful for REEs, development actors, academia and policy makers creating employment by increasing production and providing energy in the country. The study can be further extended by incorporating the opinion and views of respondents from customers, regulating authorities and development actors in the sector to get greater insight into the results.
Glifosato como factor de riesgo para malformaciones congénitas: revisión bibliográfica
Authors: Restrepo Guerrero Héctor Fabio , Rincón Ruiz Luz Helena
Published: April 2021

Antecedentes: en los últimos 40 años el cambio en las prácticas agrícolas ha llevado al consecuente uso de plaguicidas con el fin de incrementar las cosechas y evitar plagas que afecten la producción, siendo un procedimiento usual a nivel mundial. En Colombia la utilización de estos plaguicidas en especial el glifosato, cuya marca comercial a nivel mundial se conoce como Roundup®, compuesto  por 480 g/L de la sal isopropilamina de N-fosfonometilglicina, es ampliamente empleado desde hace más de 30 años sobre todo en el Valle del Cauca donde se utiliza para la maduración de la caña de azúcar  y como herbicida para cultivos  de café, banano, arroz, cacao y palma africana así como cítricos en otras regiones del país. Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda sistemática e integral de la literatura en las bases de datos The Cochrane, Medline, Embase, Lilacs y Scielo utilizando diferentes combinaciones de exposición y términos de resultado. Resultados: la búsqueda encontró trece estudios que prueban asociaciones entre glifosato y defectos de nacimiento. Conclusiones: en cinco de los trece no se encontró asociación entre la exposición al glifosato y la presentación de malformaciones, mientras que en ocho artículos hubo algún tipo de asociación entre la presencia de malformaciones y el contacto con glifosato o sus sales. Se hace necesario realizar estudios prospectivos.
Forensic medical evaluation of dental-jaw injuries in cases of traffic accidents
Authors: Plevinskis P.V. , Mishalov V.D. , Kozlov S.V. , Kozan N.M. , Dunayev O.V.
Published: April 2021

Information about the differential diagnosis of human bodily injuries, which were formed when the body, wheel and bottom of a modern car came into contact with the body of a pedestrian; a person on the road surface, in the cabin of a modern car (driver and passengers), when a cyclist comes into contact with a car, in cases of combined types of car injury, is not enough. The purpose of the study is to increase the objectivity of forensic examinations by determining the criteria for assessing damage to the dental system in cases of the most common types of accidents: collision of moving vehicle with man; run over the body with a wheels or the bottom of vehicle; at an injury inside the vehicle on the basis of the analysis of morphological features and the mechanism of the specified damages. The archival materials of 130 forensic medical examinations of the municipal institution “Odessa Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination” concerning victims of living persons and corpses as a result of traffic accidents that were accompanied by their injuries in the period 2015-2020 were used. The following research methods were used: anthropometric, morphometric, photographic, radiological, statistical. The article presents our own experience of improving the objectivity and provability of forensic examinations by determining the criteria for assessing damage to the dental system in cases of the most common types of vehicle: collision of moving vehicle with man; run over the body with a wheels or the bottom of vehicle; at an injury inside the vehicle on the basis of the analysis of morphological features and the mechanism of the specified damages. It is proved that according to the degree of gravity of physical injuries (health disorder or disability), damage to the dental apparatus in traffic accidents should be investigated only in cases of isolated injuries. In this case, fractures of the jaws, regardless of their nature, should be assessed as moderate injuries according to the criterion of long-term health disorders; Crown fractures, traumatic tooth dislocations, and soft tissue fatal wounds should be considered simple injuries that have caused short-term health disorders. Abrasions, bruises should be attributed to simple injuries. Thus, it is impractical to separately determine the severity of the injury of the dental system in cases run over the head with a wheels or the bottom of vehicle - in these cases, we always deal with gross, massive destruction of the bones of the skull.