bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The presence of vessels encapsulating tumor clusters is associated with an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Peiyi , Ono Atsushi , Fujii Yasutoshi , Hayes Clair Nelson , Tamura Yosuke , Miura Ryoichi , Shirane Yuki , Nakahara Hikaru , Yamauchi Masami , Uchikawa Shinsuke , Uchida Takuro , Teraoka Yuji , Fujino Hatsue , Nakahara Takashi , Murakami Eisuke , Miki Daiki , Kawaoka Tomokazu , Okamoto Wataru , Makokha Grace Naswa , Imamura Michio , Arihiro Koji , Kobayashi Tsuyoshi , Ohdan Hideki , Fujita Masashi , Nakagawa Hidewaki , Chayama Kazuaki , Aikata Hiroshi
Published: August 2022

Recently, a distinct vascular pattern in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) called vessels encapsulating tumor‐forming clusters (VETC) has received attention because of its association with poor prognosis. However, little is known about the mechanism by which VETC promotes an aggressive phenotype at the molecular level. In our study, the association between differences in stepwise signal intensity in the HB phase and molecular subtypes and somatic mutations associated with the immune microenvironment were investigated using the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) cohort (66 patients). To our knowledge, this is the first study to analyze the molecular patterns of VETC using RNA‐Seq data. The VETC+ HCC group showed significantly lower overall survival and higher cumulative incidence of extrahepatic metastasis after curative hepatic resection than the VETC− HCC group. The VETC+ group exhibited molecular features indicative of lower immune activation than the VETC− group, suggesting that tumor cells in the VETC+ group were more likely to escape from the immune response, which could lead to the shorter OS (Overall survival) and higher risk of metastasis. On the other hand, gene expression levels of fibroblast growth factor receptors were upregulated in VETC+ HCC, suggesting that VETC+ HCC might benefit from lenvatinib treatment. Our results demonstrate that VETC+ HCC was associated with the suppression of tumor immune responses at the molecular level.
Do food safety regulations impede agrifood exports of China?
Authors: Ishaq Muhammad , Haq Zahoor ul , Qing Ping , Li Chongguang
Published: August 2022

This study uses the gravity model to estimate the effects of food safety regulations implemented by the partner countries on agri‐food exports of China. Annual bilateral trade data are compiled for major agrifood export items of China like apples, kidney beans, garlic, mandarins and orange, meat of swine, and tea. The panel data are estimated using both the fixed‐ and random‐effect models. Results of the study show that all the standard gravity‐type variables carry signs according to prior expectations and economic theory. The study concludes that food safety regulations have no effect on exports of all the selected commodities except meat of swine.
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate reduces neutrophil extracellular trap formation and tissue injury in severe acute pancreatitis
Authors: Li Hongxuan , Qiao Cong , Zhao Lingyu , Jing Qingxu , Xue Dongbo , Zhang Yingmei
Published: August 2022

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) promote intra-acinar trypsin activation and tissue damage. Therefore, reducing NET formation can reduce tissue damage in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). However, NET formation pathways may differ among disease models. In this study, we evaluated the role of the myeloperoxidase–neutrophil elastase (NE) pathway in NET formation in SAP. SAP was induced by intraperitoneal injection of cerulein and LPSs in mice, and NE activity was inhibited by GW311616. Pancreatic tissues were collected for multiplex immunofluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, and western blotting to detect NET formation and the effect of NE on citrullinated histone H3, followed by analyses of serum amylase and cytokine levels. Pretreatment with GW311616 significantly reduced NET formation, pancreatic tissue damage, and systemic inflammatory responses in SAP. Network pharmacology analyses using NE as the target revealed the monomeric compound epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Binding between EGCG and NE was validated using molecular docking, and the ability of EGCG to inhibit NE activity was verified experimentally. NET formation by PMA-stimulated neutrophils was significantly reduced in vitro when the cells were pretreated with 40 μM EGCG. Pretreatment with EGCG significantly reduced NET formation, pancreatic tissue damage, and systemic inflammatory responses in vivo. These results reveal that NET formation requires the myeloperoxidase-NE pathway, and citrullination of histone H3 is affected by NE activity in SAP. EGCG shows therapeutic potential for affecting NE activity, NET formation, and systemic inflammation in SAP.
Comparative analysis of the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of human influenza virus versus human respiratory syncytial virus versus human metapneumovirus infection in nine provinces of China during 2009−2021
Authors: Cui Aili , Xie Zhibo , Xu Jing , Hu Kongxin , Zhu Runan , Li Zhong , Li Yan , Sun Liwei , Xiang Xingyu , Xu Baoping , Zhang Rongbo , Gao Zhenguo , Zhang Yan , Xu Wenbo
Published: August 2022

A comparative analysis of confirmed cases of human influenza virus (HIFV), human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) was conducted to describe their clinical and epidemiological characteristics. During 2009−2021, active surveillance of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) was performed in nine provinces of China. Clinical and epidemiological information and laboratory testing results of HIFV, HRSV, and HMPV were analyzed. Among 11591 ARI patients, the single‐infection rates of HIFV, HRSV, and HMPV were 15.00%, 9.59%, and 2.24%, respectively; the coinfection rate of these three viruses was 0.64%. HIFV infection was mainly in adults aged 15−59 years, accounting for 39.10%. HRSV and HMPV infections were mainly in children under 5 years old, accounting for 87.13% and 83.46%, respectively. Patients with HRSV infection were younger than HMPV. HRSV and HMPV had high similarities in clinical manifestations, presenting with lower respiratory symptoms. HIFV mainly presented with an upper respiratory infection. The epidemic peak of HRSV was earlier than that of HIFV, and that of HMPV was later than those of HRSV and HFIV. A total of 85.14% of coinfection cases were children under 5 years old. Coinfection might increase the risk of pneumonia in HIFV cases. During 2020−2021, the positive rates and seasonal patterns of these three viruses changed due to the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Certain clinical and epidemiological features were observed in HIFV, HRSV, and HMPV infections, which could be beneficial for guiding clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of these three viruses in China.
An outbreak of acute respiratory disease caused by HAdV‐55 in Beijing, China, 2020
Authors: Liu HongBo , Li Qingfeng , Xiang Ying , Li Hong , Liu Kangkang , Du Xinying , Yang Chaojie , Liu Hongbo , Shi Mengjing , Hu Xueqian , Wang Hui , Zhang Xiaohong , Li Xiangda , Tian Sai , Bao Renlong , Wang Ligui , Qiu Shaofu , Song Hongbin
Published: August 2022

Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) can cause acute respiratory diseases (ARDs) worldwide, and HAdV‐55 is a reemergent pathogen in recent years. In the study, we investigated an outbreak of ARD at a school due to HAdV‐55 in Beijing, China, during the early outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). The epidemic prevention team was dispatched to the school to collect epidemiologic data and nasopharyngeal samples. Then, real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and multiplex PCR assays were used to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and other respiratory pathogens, respectively. One representative HAdV‐55 isolate was selected and submitted for whole‐genome sequencing using a MiSeq system and the whole‐genome phylogenetic tree was conducted based on the maximum likelihood method. The outbreak lasted from January 27 to February 6, 2020, and 108 students developed fever, among whom 60 (55.56%) cases were diagnosed with HAdV‐55 infection in the laboratory using real‐time PCR and 56 cases were hospitalized. All the confirmed cases had a fever and 11 cases (18.33%) presented with a fever above 39°C. Other main clinical symptoms included sore throat (43.33%) and headache (43.33%). We obtained and assembled the full genome of one isolate, BJ‐446, with 34 761 nucleotides in length. HAdV‐55 isolate BJ‐446 was 99.85% identical to strain QS‐DLL, which was the first HAdV‐55 strain in China isolated from an ARD outbreak in Shanxi in 2006. One and four amino acid mutations were observed in the hexon gene and the coding region of L2 pV 40.1 kDa protein, respectively. We identified the first HAdV‐55 infection associated with the ARD outbreak in Beijing since the emergence of COVID‐19. The study suggests that improved surveillance of HAdV is needed, although COVID‐19 is still prevalent in the world.
Do voluntary environmental programs matter? Evidence from the EPA SmartWay program
Authors: Scott Alex , Li Ming , Cantor David E. , Corsi Thomas M.
Published: August 2022

There is mixed evidence on the effectiveness of voluntary environmental programs. We evaluate a voluntary program aimed at reducing transportation emissions, that is, the U.S. EPA SmartWay Program. We construct a novel database of the physical assets used by firms before and after they joined SmartWay and compare changes in the age of their assets with that of firms that did not join SmartWay. Our results show that firms that participated in SmartWay operate substantially newer (i.e., cleaner) trucks compared with non‐SmartWay participants, indicating that SmartWay participation is a credible signal of a firm's reduced emissions footprint emanating from truck operations. After the start of SmartWay, firms that joined invested in newer trucks relative to firms that did not, with about a year reduction in average truck age several years after the program began. SmartWay had a larger effect on firms that own their trucks compared with firms that outsource ownership, and sustained participation increased the program's effectiveness. We estimate that the SmartWay Program has reduced commercial transportation emissions from operations by 25.2 million metric tons of CO2 by increasing the incentive to invest in newer, cleaner trucks. Our study provides insight into factors that make voluntary environmental programs effective.
The presence of superoxide ions and related dioxygen species in zinc oxide—A structural characterization by in situ Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Fischer Dieter , Zagorac Dejan , Schön J. Christian
Published: August 2022

Zinc oxide exhibits unique properties that are reflected in a wide variety of applications, particularly in the field of transparent, conductive films. However, less attention has been paid to their color. Here, we present the synthesis of yellow‐gray ZnO films at room temperature by femtosecond pulsed laser deposition. In situ Raman investigations of these polycrystalline ZnO films reveal the existence of superoxide ions, O2−, in zinc oxide, which are responsible for the yellow color, and are also detected in ZnO powder and single crystals. In addition, further dioxygen species are identified in the samples, including the O2‐molecule. The negative charge excess caused by the dioxygen species creates metallic zinc as a byproduct. Structural analysis reveals an unforced realization of the dioxygen species in the ZnO lattice. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations support the assumed structural displacements as well as the observed, unexpected Raman bands. These results open up completely new insights into the behavior of ZnO.
Alleviation of loperamide‐induced constipation with sticky rice fermented huangjiu by the regulation of serum neurotransmitters and gut microbiota
Authors: Feng Xinjing , Shi Ying , Zhou Zhilei , Ji Zhongwei , Zhou Weibiao , Chen Shuguang , Mao Jian
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

Huangjiu is an important component of traditional fermented food. It is produced by cereal fermentation. Sticky rice fermented huangjiu is an abundant source of polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, proteins, amino acids, and flavor compounds (POPAF), and it has been used as a dietary supplement and pharmaceutical ingredient. The purpose of this study is to explore the alleviation of constipation using sticky rice fermented huangjiu, with the aim of providing a basis for the nutritional treatment of constipation.

RESULTS

Sticky rice fermented huangjiu was more effective in the alleviation of constipation than same concentration of ethanol treatment on serum neurotransmitters, gut microbiota, and intestinal metabolites in this 17 days constipation mouse model. Compared with ethanol treatment, the administration of sticky rice fermented huangjiu to constipated mice increased gastrointestinal motility. It alleviated the decrease in motilin (27.94%), substance P (13.85%), gastrin (63.46%), 5‐hydroxytryptamine (4.55%), and short‐chain fatty acid (19.80%) levels, and alleviated the increase in somatostatin levels (9.54%). Furthermore, the administration of sticky rice fermented huangjiu regulated the microbiota‐mediated gut ecology through alterations in the characteristic taxa.

CONCLUSION

The results reveal that sticky rice fermented huangjiu may alleviate loperamide‐induced constipation by the regulation of serum neurotransmitters and gut microbiota. These findings reveal that huangjiu is endowed with many functional components by cereal fermentation, and the bioactive substances in huangjiu can be separated and applied for medical treatment or diet therapy in the future. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Teleguidance for Patient Self‐Imaging of Hemophilic Joints Using Mobile Ultrasound Devices
Authors: Aguero Peter , Barnes Richard FW , Flores Andres , von Drygalski Annette
Published: August 2022

Background

Teleguidance on portable devices opens the possibility of joint self‐imaging in persons with hemophilia (PWH).

Aims

Determine the feasibility of patient self‐imaging with/without teleguidance.

Methods

Adult PWH received ultrasound teaching including 11 views for hemarthrosis detection in ankles, elbows, and knees. The patients acquired five randomly selected views with the Butterfly/IQ probe without assistance at 2, 6–8 weeks, and 3–4 months later, followed by teleguidance. Image acquisition was timed, patients identified anatomic landmarks, and image quality was graded. Questionnaires assessed the imaging experience. Hemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS) indicated arthropathy status.

Results

Of 132 PWH, 10 (median age 52 years) opted for study inclusion. Most had severe Hemophilia A, were white/non‐Hispanic, with at least a high school degree and, overall, similar to the other 122 PWH.

At 2 and 6 weeks after training, ~80% images were acquired correctly compared with 53% at 12 weeks. Accuracy of landmark recognition was ~55%. With teleguidance, all images were acquired correctly, with near‐perfect image quality (P ≤ .01 compared with the 3–4 month time point). Median HJHS of scanned joints was 11.5 at each time point, demonstrating a similar spectrum of arthropathic changes. Median time of image acquisition was fast, and similar with or without teleguidance (median 01:04 [mm:ss] vs median 01:02), but differed slightly between arthropathic and non‐arthropathic joints. Study participants and the imaging facilitator rated that it was easy to navigate mobile technology and acquire images with teleguidance.

Conclusion

Mobile ultrasound with teleguidance for joint self‐imaging is feasible and warrants further exploration.
Improved microplastic processing from complex biological samples using a customized vacuum filtration apparatus
Authors: Schlawinsky Merle , Santana Marina F. M. , Motti Cherie A. , Martins Ana Barbosa , Thomas‐Hall Peter , Miller Michaela E. , Lefèvre Carine , Kroon Frederieke J.
Published: August 2022

Plastics represent the largest component of marine debris globally. In this context, it is essential to quantify the current extent of plastic pollution, including microplastics (MP; plastics < 5 mm), within marine abiotic and biotic compartments. Despite significant effort, MP studies still face methodological impediments to establish accurate and standardized protocols to separate, process and analyze MPs in environmental samples. Furthermore, underestimation and overestimation of MP contamination, either through loss of MPs or introduction of extraneous MPs during handling and processing, is concerning, particularly when assessing risk profiles for marine ecosystems. Presented here is a custom‐made stainless steel vacuum filtration apparatus designed to perform size‐tiered separation and facilitate retrieval of MPs from a variety of environmental sample matrices. Incorporating this apparatus into a standard MP workflow achieved efficient graduated separation of commonly found MP fragments and fibers, validated by spike‐recovery tests. As a case study, the gastrointestinal tracts of three juvenile Australian sharpnose sharks, Rhizoprionodon taylori, were processed using the filtration apparatus, and 46 anthropogenic items ranging from 0.021 to 8.87 mm were retrieved. This study demonstrates the effective use of the size‐tiered stainless steel vacuum filtration apparatus and an improved efficiency in downstream microphotography and spectroscopic analyses of MPs from a complex sample matrix. Finally, it contributes to the MP research field by delivering more reliable estimates of MP contamination in marine ecosystems.
Synthesis by Sol‐Gel Technique and Antibacterial Activity of Bioactive Hybrid SiO2 Inorganic Matrix by Different Structures of Ferrous Citrate (Fe(II)C): Comparative Study
Authors: Catauro Michelina , D'Errico Ylenia , Dal Poggetto Giovanni , Montesano Domenico , Naviglio Daniele , Gallo Monica
Published: August 2022

The aim of this work is to characterize and compare three different structures of Ferrous citrates (Fe(II)C), amorphous, semicrystalline, and crystalline incorporated into a SiO2 inorganic matrix by sol–gel technique. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirms both the Fe(II)C presence in the silica matrix and the interactions among different components in the hybrid materials. Moreover, FTIR spectroscopy is used to evaluate the formation of hydroxyapatite layer, known as bioactivity test, of the hybrids soaked into simulated body fluid (SBF). Finally, the antibacterial properties of the hybrids are investigated.
Various Applications of Processing of Olive Leaves Waste Extracted with RSLDE: A Green Technology
Authors: Naviglio Daniele , Montesano Domenico , Ciaravolo Martina , Savastano Antonio , Nebbioso Viviana , Catauro Michelina , Gallo Monica
Published: August 2022

There is no waste in nature. Everything that is produced has a purpose and everything that becomes waste can be transformed into a new resource, triggering a virtuous circuit that feeds itself. The circular economy of waste means a system in which the production‐consumption‐disposal process is overcome to replace it with a circular model, where the final waste product is re‐introduced into the circulation as a secondary raw material. The logic to follow is that after consumption and before any disposal, it is necessary to activate virtuous processes such as reduce, reuse, and recycling. This work focuses on the possible uses of a vegetable waste matrix, such as olive leaves.

The olive tree (Olea europaea) is a fruit tree, cultivated for more than 3500 years for its fruits and edible oil. However, just like oil, olive leaf contains a high amount of polyphenols, in particular oleuropein, one of the most powerful natural antioxidants known and hydroxytyrosol, which also has powerful antiseptic properties. Therefore, olive leaf extracts, thanks to the presence of oleuropein associated with hydroxytyrosol, represent a powerful natural antioxidant, a valid ally of the cardiovascular system. In addition, olive leaves are an excellent regulator of the digestive system: they regulate intestinal transit and above all eliminate fungi and other unwanted parasites from the body. Starting from these premises, in this work, a green extraction technique such as rapid solid liquid dynamic extraction (RSLDE) is compared with conventional maceration to obtain an olive leaf extract rich in antioxidants to be used in various sectors.
Strategic Role of Carbon Nanotube Functionalization on the Multifunctional Properties of Structural Epoxy Nanocomposites
Authors: Raimondo Marialuigia , Catauro Michelina , Guadagno Liberata
Published: August 2022

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) have received great attention as nanofillers for epoxy structural nanocomposites, due to their rare combination of mechanical, electrical, thermal properties, and others. Furthermore, the surface of the carbon nanotubes can be easily transformed with a variety of characteristic atoms or groups of atoms conferring specific and desired properties. Different kinds of functionalization (covalent and non‐covalent) can be performed. A very recent and hopeful strategy capable of modifying the surface of carbon nanotubes, without endangering their structural integrity, is the non‐covalent modification of CNT walls with specific molecules that show a marked similarity with the graphitic structure of carbon nanotubes. The aim of this work is to enhance the interactions of CNT with epoxy matrices to allow much better nanofiller dispersion within the epoxy polymer through carbon nanotube modification. The obtained results highlight that the performed functionalizations are suitable for designing carbon‐based nanocomposites with improved structural and functional properties. Specific surface modifications of CNT walls are carried out using supramolecular chemistry specialized in non‐covalent interactions.

These weak and reversible forces act advantageously by activating the self‐repairing functionality in the nanofilled resins.

The morphology of nanodomains and the interfacial interactions between nanocharge and hosting resin are investigated by Tunneling Atomic Force Microscopy (TUNA). The nanocomposite performance is strongly affected by the performed functionalization.
Microwave‐Assisted Treatment of Waste Wood Biomass with Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Colella Marco , Romanazzi Giuseppe , Petrelli Valentina , Baldassarre Francesca , Ciccarella Giuseppe , Catauro Michelina , Mastrorilli Piero , Dell'Anna Maria Michela
Published: August 2022

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are new sustainable and cheap reaction media combining the features of both ionic liquids and organic solvents. They are made up by association of hydrogen‐bond donors and hydrogen‐bond acceptors, and they can promote the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic bonds. Herein the microwave‐assisted treatment of waste wood flours with a DES constituted by choline chloride and oxalic acid to get a cellulosic residue separated from lignin degradation products is reported. The insoluble deposit is characterized by SEM, TGA, DSC, FTIR‐ATR, and 1H‐13C CP/MAS NMR techniques and can be available for further uses such as nanocellulose production.
Minimize the Production Cost of Extrusion‐Based AM Parts by Optimizing Their Internal Building Geometry
Authors: Bailas Konstantinos , Papanikos Paraskevas
Published: August 2022

The evolution and the establishment of additive manufacturing (AM) technology in industry over the last decade is aided mostly by new materials which are developed in parallel with advanced Αμ techniques and machines that use a wide variety of simple or blend polymers and metals. Nevertheless, the future of Αμ technology is based on the further reduction of production costs as well as the increase of the quality and durability of the produced parts. Although, the durability of AM parts proves to depend mostly on the mechanical properties of the materials and the way their geometry is deployed internally, recent studies show that building parameters such as the infill pattern and the infill density, which are defined through specialized software of AM machines, have a great impact on the total cost and the durability of parts as they shape the internal structure affecting the amount of mass the strength, the compression resistance, and the stiffness. However, the software that accompanies AM machines have limited capabilities and influence on these parameters since they are not able to define more than one pattern for a part or multiple shell thickness. The current study is concerned with the decrease of the production cost of products made with extrusion‐based AM process by minimizing the mass and controlling the durability using the meaning of design intent, while maintaining the quality and the dimensions of the outer surface of parts and allows the creation of heterogeneous objects with new improved internal structure.
Synthesis of Fe2O3 Nanoparticles and their Catalytic Activity for the Reduction of Halonitroarenes under Sustainable Conditions
Authors: Fiore Ambra M. , Allegretta Ignazio , Terzano Roberto , Romanazzi Giuseppe , Agostinelli Elisabetta , Varvaro Gaspare , Mastrorilli Piero , Catauro Michelina , Dell'Anna Maria Michela
Published: August 2022

Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) with mean size of 50 nm ca. are synthesized starting from a porous organic polymer containing β‐ketoesterate Fe(III) sites (Fe‐POP), which is annealed at 400 °C under air for 30 min. During calcination, the organic material partially decomposes, and iron(III) oxide NPs onto an organic residue could be observed after annealing. The obtained NPs are characterized by SEM‐EDS, IR, and magnetic analyses and they are employed as active catalysts in the reduction of p‐bromonitrobenzene into p‐bromoaniline, using hydrazine hydrate in ethanol.
Antioxidant Effects of Rosemary Extract on the Accelerated Degradation of Ethylene‐Propylene‐Diene Monomer
Authors: Blanco Ignazio , Zaharescu Traian , Catauro Michelina
Published: August 2022

The influence of natural antioxidants (rosemary extract, capsaicin, quercetin, or oleanolic acid) in ethylene‐propylene‐diene‐monomer (EPDM) thermal behavior has been investigated by the means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). EPDM and EPDM/rosemary (RM) composite are investigated with a thermogravimetric (TG) balance in dynamic heating conditions (25°C‐700°C). DSC analysis is also carried out from subambient to better highlight the melting of the polymer and the composite. The obtained DSC and TG values are discussed to have information about the effect of RM content in the polymer stability.
Polydopamine as Adhesion Promotor: The Effect of Thermal Treatment on the Performance of Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)‐Metal Co‐molded Joints
Authors: Kafkopoulos Georgios , Karakurt Ezgi , Duvigneau Joost , Vancso G. Julius
Published: August 2022

Molecular interactions in polymer/metal oxide interfaces are of paramount interest in polymer composite applications, including comolding of polymer‐metal joints, additive manufacturing, and mold release. This study shows the potential of biomimetic polydopamine (PDA) layers to control polymer‐metal adhesion covering a range from strong bonding to release for poly(lactic acid) (PLA) adhering to two metals of significant commercial importance, i.e., titanium (Ti) and stainless steel (SS). The results show that even though PLA bonds significantly weaker to Ti than to SS surfaces, both metals exhibit considerably higher and similar adhesion values following deposition of a PDA layer. In addition, a simple thermal annealing of the PDA‐coated wires before the comolding process results in a sharp increase of the bonding strength at low annealing temperatures, followed by a gradual drop at higher annealing temperatures. This observation opens the possibility to provide control of adhesion in polymer‐metal interfaces. As PDA forms strongly bound adhesive layers on a wide range of materials, this study proposes that the phenomenon described here can be successfully applied to surfaces other than metals, raising high expectations for future polymer composite applications.
Recovery of End‐Of‐Life Wood–Plastic Composites (WPC) Products: Influence of Wastes Fields Nature and of a Compatibilizer on Recycled WPC Bending Properties
Authors: Meur Léa Le , Perrin Didier , Bénézet Jean‐Charles , Jouannet Denis , Falher Thierry , Bergeret Anne
Published: August 2022

A mechanical recovery approach is adopted for two polyethylene (PE) based wood–plastics composites (WPCs) wastes fields, with varying ageing degrees. On the one hand, CDP0 consists of defective decking boards in appearance, which cannot be commercialized. On the other hand, FDV0 is made of end‐of‐life decking boards, exposed for about 10 years outside. CDP0 and FDV0 are first ground, and then reincorporated with an unaged WPC, called WPC‐PE0, through extrusion to generate new profiles. A compatibilizer (maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (PE‐g‐MA)) is also used to improve processing and mechanical properties of final profiles. The maleic anhydride percentage (MAH%) in PE‐g‐MA differ, as well as the PE‐g‐MA content (2 and 4 wt% relative to the wood flour weight). The bending properties are recovered for both CDP0 and FDV0, when reincorporated at 50 wt% with WPC‐PE0. Moreover, CDP0 can be recycled at 100 wt%. Unfortunately, the compatibilizers do not improve the flexural strengths of the composites. However, they help the wood flour dispersion within the matrix during processing.
Optimization of Polyurethane Panels Properties through Different Particle and Fiber Reinforcement
Authors: Malchiodi Beatrice , Pozzi Paolo
Published: August 2022

Polyurethane is a highly versatile material and depending on its structure it can be applied in several application fields. One of its main applications is insulating material for the construction sector, while the most common product shape is the rigid expanded panel. This work investigates the possibility of optimizing polyurethane expanded panels for building insulating purposes by considering different particle and fiber reinforcements. Precisely, the addition of different reinforcement percentages of bentonite, phyllite, and recycled textile microfibers (both untreated and treated with NaOH) is considered in polyurethane mixes composed of isocyanate, polyol, water, silane additive, and catalysts. For fiber reinforced samples, castor oil is additionally considered as a more sustainable polyol component in polyurethane mix. Thermal conductivity is positively reduced by increasing phyllite content; indeed, these microspheres further apport porosity to the material, so a lower density, and promotes a homogeneous, fine, and closed porosity. Besides, both castor oil and NaOH fiber treatment enhance the thermal insulating too. Since insulating materials may find application also in structural elements, stress relaxation, and compression tests are performed. Polyurethanes containing phyllite display greater stiffness and mechanical improvements for specific ranges of particle percentage. On the other hand, the fiber reinforcement exceeds the particle one by an order of magnitude in improving mechanical properties in terms of maximum load and recovery. In conclusion, polyurethane reinforcements and alternative polyols are valuable solutions towards more sustainable and performant insulating building panels and product differentiation.
Physicochemical Characterizations of Hydrolytic Degradation of Prickly Pear Seed/Polyhydroxy(Butyrate‐co‐Valerate) Biocomposite
Authors: Bellache Rebiha , Hammiche Dalila , Boukerrou Amar
Published: August 2022

The present work aims at investigating the impact of hydrolytic degradation type, employing physicochemical characterizations of poly‐hydroxy (butyrate‐co‐valerate) PHBV and its biocomposites reinforced by prickly pear seed fiber (PPS), in aqueous environments to compare between seawater and distilled water. The weight loss profiles are obtained for the biocomposite immersed in seawater and distilled water of 23% and 21% respectively, however, 15% and 7% degradation for pure PHBV in seawater and distilled water, respectively. These results are explained by the addition of natural fillers to the biopolymer, which accelerates the degradation process, as well as, by the presence of microbial activity in seawater. These results are also confirmed by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis (FTIR), by the decrease of the ester groups, which decompose into a carboxylic acid.
Development of a Procedure for the Assessment of Material Potentials Under Consideration of the Weld Seam Quality for Multi‐material Applications in the FDM Process
Authors: Moritzer Elmar , Wächter Julian
Published: August 2022

Due to the great popularity of the fused deposition modeling (FDM) process, more and more new materials become commercially available. The functionality of the FDM process allows the use of multiple materials, and this is known as multi‐material printing. By integrating different materials into one component, component properties, such as mechanical properties like tensile strength, can be influenced. The aim of this study is to develop a procedure for assessing the suitability of different materials for multi‐material printing in the FDM process. This enables the evaluation of different material combinations for the FDM process. The analysis of the material suitability for multi‐material applications in the FDM process is carried out with the help of the evaluation of the weld seam quality. In this regard, a test method as well as test specimens are used, which ensure an evaluation of the processing suitability of different materials which is independent of the machine as well as the data preparation. In addition, suitable conditions must be defined for manufacturing the test specimens using two different materials. Single‐strand test specimens are used in order to be able to draw conclusions about the weld seam quality. The weld seam quality is evaluated in relation to varying nozzle temperatures and build chamber temperatures. Finally, the suitability of the materials for multi‐material applications in the FDM process are evaluated.
Investigation and Improvement of Processing Parameters of a Copper‐Filled Polymer Filament in Fused Filament Fabrication as a Basis for the Fabrication of Low‐Porosity Metal Parts
Authors: Moritzer Elmar , Elsner Christian Lennart
Published: August 2022

Individualized and complex additively manufactured metal components are increasingly used in an industrial environment. One possibility to manufacture such metal components is the fused filament fabrication (FFF) process. Here, a metal powder‐filled polymer filament is processed (green part). For the realization of purely metallic components, the FFF‐manufactured components are subjected to a post‐process, which corresponds to the metal injection molding (MIM) process chain. In a first step, the polymer binder contained in the components is removed (brown part). Afterwards, the metal particles are sintered (white part). For the production of high‐quality components, the porosity of the components must be considered. Essentially, the porosity of the components results from the characteristic FFF structure caused by the deposition of single strands. This has a direct influence on the porosity of the white parts and accordingly on the resulting part properties. Within this study, a filament consisting of copper particles and a polymer binder matrix of polylactide acid (PLA) is used. This filament offers the possibility to produce complex, thermally conductive, and electrically conductive components. During the examinations, the influence of the FFF‐specific process parameters on the manufactured green parts is investigated. For this purpose, the stationary and non‐stationary extrusion areas will be considered. The aim is to achieve a homogeneous strand geometry and, thus, the highest possible part density. This should lead to the reliable processing of copper‐filled polymer filaments in FFF and provide a good basis for the production of pure copper components.
Vibrational Properties of (8,8) and (10,10) SWCNTs before and after Albumin Fragment Adsorption: A Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Raffaini Giuseppina
Published: August 2022

Single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have received great attention for their mechanical, electronic properties, and possible interesting technological applications. Raman spectroscopy has proven to be a sensitive tool for studying the vibrational properties of carbon nanotubes. The frequency of the radial breathing mode (RBM) in the region of 100–350 cm–1 is found to be inversely proportional to the diameter of the nanotube. Using Molecular Mechanics (MM) and Molecular Dynamics (MD) methods conformational and vibrational properties of pure armchair SWCNTs having different diameters and the (10,10) NT after adsorption of an albumin fragment are studied. The distances between carbon atoms in the central part of the nanotube cavity change during MD run at constant temperature (T = 300 K), and the frequencies of this periodic motion are calculated. The conformational and vibrational properties of armchair (10,10) and (8,8) SWCNT, having the diameter equal to 13.56 and 10.85 Å respectively, are here reported. The distances between carbon atoms from opposite sites in the central cavity of the nanotube are calculated during MD runs. Interestingly, for the (10,10) SWCNT the frequency of Raman vibrational mode E2g around 17 cm–1 is correctly calculated. The frequency of motion due to this motion increases with a decreasing curvature of the armchair CNT. After the adsorption process of an albumin fragment on the (10,10) NT, lower frequencies of motion and lower intensities are calculated. This theoretical work can useful to study possible periodic motion in pure nanomaterials or when they interact with protein fragments, water, or molecules.
Thermal and Morphological Analysis of Hydrolytic Degradation of Prickly Pear Seed Enhanced Polyhydroxy (butyrate‐co‐valerate) Biocomposite
Authors: Bellache Rebiha , Hammiche Dalila , Boukerrou Amar
Published: August 2022

The hydrolytic degradation and the thermal behavior of the poly‐hydroxy (butyrate‐covalerate) reinforced with prickly pear seed fibers (PPS) are investigated in the seawater and distilled water. The thermal analysis of samples before and after degradation is performed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results show that the presence of the PPS fiber in the PHBV matrix reduces the onset decomposition temperature and fasts hydrolytic degradation, especially in seawater. The morphology of the samples before and after hydrolytic degradation is performed with scanning electron microscope (SEM). PHBV/PPS biocomposite immersed in seawater showed cavities, which confirms degradation.
Influence of Deacetylation Degree of Chitosan on the Anticorrosive Properties of Carbon Steel Coatings
Authors: Maior Ioana , Cojocaru Anca , Ciobotaru Ioana‐Alina , Văireanu Dănuţ‐Ionel , Badea Gabriela‐Elena
Published: August 2022

This study outlines the improvement on anticorrosion behavior of chitosan‐based sol‐gel coatings on carbon steel surface obtained for high deacetylation degree values of this natural biopolymer. Important economic losses in major industries represent a problem due to corrosion of metals in aggressive medium, such as carbon steel, which is widely used due to its hardness, durability, ductility, low cost, handiness. Therefore, non‐toxic, cost‐effective, and eco‐friendly strategies are needed to protect metallic surface of steel. Against this background, the anticorrosion coating performance of chitosan, from three different commercial sources, as a single component, on carbon steel in chloride solutions is investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique. The present study is performed to evaluate the corrosion protective abilities of chitosan in order to determine the relationship with its deacetylation degree (DDA), evaluated by potentiometric titration, a simple and reliable method. Depending on the DDA, the experimental results indicate that there is a remarkable difference between different chitosan samples regarding the value of the charge transfer resistance of coating on steel.
FE Model for Bird Strike Simulation on ARALL Leading Edge
Authors: De Luca Alessandro , Perfetto Donato , Caputo Francesco , Lamanna Giuseppe
Published: August 2022

This paper deals with the development of a finite element (FE) model for the simulation of a bird strike event on an innovative leading edge made of ARALL (ARamid ALuminum Laminate) material. To assess the reliability of the FE analyses, a preliminary model is developed aiming to simulate a tensile test, according to literature, involving ARALL specimens. Such model provides a good level of accuracy. So, the same modeling technique has been used for the bird strike simulation. Finally, the structural response of the ARALL leading edge has been compared against a conventional Aluminum one. Such a comparison has highlighted the capability of ARALL material in withstanding bird strike events with an improved performance.
Study on Noise Reduction for Drone Polymeric Propellers
Authors: Mandoc Andrei , Dragan Valeriu , Tanase Radu , Opran Constantin Gheorghe
Published: August 2022

Drone noise remains one of the most important aspects, hindering their use in urban areas. Characterizing and minimizing it is the focus of this study. Although a preliminary Computational Fluid Dynamics study has been conducted, the bulk of the work presented is experimental. To that effect, a variation of the baseline propeller is put forth and tested using a tailored workbench inside an anechoic chamber. The acoustic spectra comparison as well as the Overall Sound Pressure Level, shows that the concept does offer some improvement, however more development work will be necessary in order to mature it into a higher technology readiness level. It is envisioned that this work will pave the way to less intrusive yet efficient propellers for use in drone‐scale applications for densely populated areas where noise pollution is a concern.
Risk‐Based Decision System for Reducing Random Events in the Plastics Industry
Authors: Vulpes Tiberiu Cristian , Opran Constantin Gheorghe
Published: August 2022

Over the recent years, many industries have been affected by serious accidents that have resulted in loss of human lives and caused major impacts on the environment, but also significant damage to corporates’ budget and reputation. To prevent such undesirable consequences, the international community has regulated safety risk management standards which can be included in the Environmental, Social, and Governance contributions for sustainable growth.

The aim of this paper is to describe a risk‐based system developed in a software environment, in accordance with the European Green Deal requirements and the international commitments under the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, which can facilitate the management of proactive actions for climate change mitigation and can lead to the as‐low‐as‐reasonably‐practicable level of sustainability risks exposure in the plastics industry.
Evaluation and Characterization of Randomly Oriented Alfa Fibers Reinforced Epoxy‐Amine Composites
Authors: Belhadj Ouerdia , Hammiche Dalila , Boukerrou Amar , Gérard Jean‐François , Duchet‐Rumeau Jannick
Published: August 2022

The main objective of this research is to examine the effect of various fiber content and alkali treatment on the thermal and mechanical properties of alfa fiber reinforced epoxy‐amine matrix‐based composites. The fibers are treated with 5% of sodium hydroxide solution and their weight fraction is varied between 10% and 30%. The flexural test is carried out to investigate the mechanical properties of composites and the results show that all composites exhibit higher mechanical properties than the neat epoxy‐amine. The decline of flexural behavior of all composites with the increasing of the filler (30%) content is due probably to the random dispersion of the fibers in the epoxy resin.
Potential for Manuka honey‐inspired therapeutics to improve the host–biomaterial response
Authors: Main Evan N. , Bowlin Gary L.
Published: August 2022

Honey has been used by a wide variety of cultures across the world and for thousands of years to prevent infection and improve wound healing. Recently, Manuka honey has been demonstrated to be a potent antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory therapeutic and has been incorporated into an array of wound dressings, as well as being ingested for its anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Burgeoning investigation into Manuka honey's potential as a biomaterial additive has shown promising results in reducing acute inflammatory behavior from neutrophils, the most abundant leukocyte in the body, and the potent drivers of the initial immune response to implanted biomaterials. This paper discusses the most abundant antioxidant chemicals found in Manuka honey and explains their contribution to the anti‐inflammatory and prowound resolution effects seen by Manuka honey therapeutics. This paper also examines the benefits and drawbacks to current Manuka honey therapies and provides future potential uses for Manuka honey‐inspired therapeutics that could greatly benefit host–biomaterial integration, reduce scar tissue development at the site of implantation, and lower discomfort to the patient caused by biomaterial implantation.
Lewy Body Disease Primate Model with α‐Synuclein Propagation from the Olfactory Bulb
Authors: Sawamura Masanori , Onoe Hirotaka , Tsukada Hideo , Isa Kaoru , Yamakado Hodaka , Okuda Shinya , Ikuno Masashi , Hatanaka Yusuke , Murayama Shigeo , Uemura Norihito , Isa Tadashi , Takahashi Ryosuke
Published: August 2022

Background

Lewy body diseases (LBDs), which are pathologically defined as the presence of intraneuronal α‐synuclein (α‐Syn) inclusions called Lewy bodies, encompass Parkinson's disease, Parkinson's disease with dementia, and dementia with Lewy bodies. Autopsy studies have shown that the olfactory bulb (OB) is one of the regions where Lewy pathology develops and initiates its spread in the brain.

Objective

This study aims to clarify how Lewy pathology spreads from the OB and affects brain functions using nonhuman primates.

Methods

We inoculated α‐Syn preformed fibrils into the unilateral OBs of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) and performed pathological analyses, manganese‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, and 18F‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose positron emission tomography up to 6 months postinoculation.

Results

Severe α‐Syn pathology was observed within the olfactory pathway and limbic system, while mild α‐Syn pathology was seen in a wide range of brain regions, including the substantia nigra pars compacta, locus coeruleus, and even dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve. The brain imaging analyses showed reduction in volume of the OB and progressive glucose hypometabolism in widespread brain regions, including the occipital lobe, and extended beyond the pathologically affected regions.

Conclusions

We generated a novel nonhuman primate LBD model with α‐Syn propagation from the OB. This model suggests that α‐Syn propagation from the OB is related to OB atrophy and cerebral glucose hypometabolism in LBDs. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.