bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stroke Evaluation in the Interventional Suite Using Dual-Layer Detector Cone-Beam CT: a First-in-human Prospective Cohort Study (the Next Generation X-ray Imaging System Trial)
Authors: Ståhl Fredrik , Almqvist Håkan , Aspelin Åsa , Kolloch Jens , Ghalamkari Odett , Gontu Vamsi , Schäfer Dirk , van de Haar Peter , Engel Klaus-Jürgen , van Nijnatten Fred , Holmberg Åke , Mazya Michael V. , Söderman Michael , Delgado Anna Falk
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Cone-beam CT in the interventional suite could be an alternative to CT to shorten door-to-thrombectomy time. However, image quality in cone-beam CT is limited by artifacts and poor differentiation between gray and white matter. This study compared non-contrast brain dual-layer cone-beam CT in the interventional suite to reference standard CT in stroke patients.

Methods

A prospective single-center study enrolled consecutive participants with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. The hemorrhage detection accuracy, per-region ASPECTS accuracy and subjective image quality (Likert scales for gray-white matter differentiation, structure perception and artifacts) were assessed by three neuroradiologists blinded to clinical data on dual-layer cone-beam CT 75 keV monoenergetic images compared to CT. Objective image quality was assessed by region-of-interest metrics. Non-inferiority for hemorrhage detection and ASPECTS accuracy was determined by the exact binomial test with a one-sided lower performance boundary prospectively set to 80% (98.75% CI).

Results

27 participants were included (74 years ± 9; 19 female) in the hyperacute or acute stroke phase. One reader missed a small bleeding, but all hemorrhages were detected in the majority analysis (100% accuracy, CI lower boundary 86%, p = 0.002). ASPECTS majority analysis showed 90% accuracy (CI lower boundary 85%, p < 0.001). Sensitivity was 66% (individual readers 67%, 69%, and 76%), specificity was 97% (97%, 96%, 89%). Subjective and objective image quality were inferior to CT.

Conclusion

In a small single-center cohort, dual-layer cone-beam CT showed non-inferior hemorrhage detection and ASPECTS accuracy to CT. Despite inferior image quality, the technique may be useful for stroke evaluation in the interventional suite.

Trial Registration Number

NCT04571099 (clinicaltrials.gov). Prospectively registered 2020-09-04.
New sea urchins (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) from the Famennian of Velbert (W Germany): Evidence for echinoid faunal turnover in the Late Devonian
Authors: Pauly Luis , Haude Reimund
Published: July 2024

Despite the presumably lower diversity of Palaeozoic echinoids compared to their post-Palaeozoic relatives, a radiation during the Mississippian marked a first brief "golden age" of sea urchins. Carboniferous echinoid faunas feature distinct and specialised groups compared to those of the Devonian, suggesting important evolutionary changes during the Late Devonian, although the role of biotic crises like the Kellwasser and Hangenberg Events in these changes remains poorly known. This study describes an exceptionally well-preserved echinoid fauna from the middle to upper Famennian of Velbert near Düsseldorf, Germany. Description of six new species belonging to the lepidocentrid, hyattechinid, proterocidarid and archaeocidarid lineages along with a seventh species based on isolated remains greatly add to the knowledge of Late Devonian echinoids. The newly described genera Thielechinus gen. nov. and Velbertechinus gen. nov. represent the most derived proterocidarids and archaeocidarids known from the pre-Carboniferous. Moreover, the fossils offer new insights into phylogeny, ontogeny, and palaeobiology of several stem-group echinoid lineages. The fauna resembles Carboniferous echinoid faunas much more than earlier Devonian faunas, thus providing evidence that crucial developments had occurred from the Frasnian to the Famennian, possibly linked to global changes associated with the catastrophic Kellwasser Event. These developments include the appearance of several specialised lineages that would become important in the Late Palaeozoic as well as evolutionary innovations leading up to the establishment of the crown-group echinoid body plan.
A circadian rhythm-related lncRNA signature correlates with prognosis and tumor immune microenvironment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zheng Hongyu , Li Qiuyue , Yang Kai
Published: July 2024

Objective

To investigate circadian rhythm-associated long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) signatures in predicting prognosis, metabolism, and immune infiltration in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSC).

Methods

HNSC samples were collected from the TCGA database. A signature was constructed using Cox regression and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) methods. The immune cell infiltration was analyzed using CIBERSORT, ssGSEA, and MCPcounter. The RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of signature lncRNAs.

Results

A signature comprising 8 lncRNAs was constructed. The constructed signature demonstrated good prognostic prediction capability for HNSC. A nomogram encompassing risk score accurately predicted the long-term OS probability of HNSC. The infiltration levels of T cell, B cell and Macrophages were significantly higher in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group. Cluster analysis showed that the signature lncRNAs could classify the HNSC samples into two clusters. The RT-qPCR suggested that the expression of lncRNAs in signature was consistent with the data in TCGA.

Conclusion

The circadian rhythm-associated lncRNA signature has potential as a prognostic indicator for HNSC. It exhibits associations with metabolism, immune microenvironment, and drug sensitivity, thereby providing valuable insights for informing the treatment of HNSC.
Looking for Improving the Urban Areas: the Case of Costa Rican Cantons in Their Path to Become Smart
Authors: Rodríguez Bolívar Manuel Pedro , Pereira-Piedra Isabel Cristina , Alcaide Muñoz Laura
Published: July 2024

The process of becoming a smart city (SC) is still diffuse due to the contextual factors and urban challenges that local governments must face, so it is necessary to visualise new options and city strategies to implement them. This study contributes to prior research offering new insights concerning patterns used by small-sized cities in a developing and emerging country in the Latin American context (LATAM) in their early stages of becoming smart, analysing the dimensions to be developed, their pursued goals, their desired economic and/or social impacts, and the time frames expected to reach them. Our findings, based on cluster analysis and Kendall’s TAU C correlation, confirm differences in city strategies according to the contextual challenges faced by cities emphasising three different governance models to become smart based on the different significance given to the three components of the smart governance concept. The different city clusters point out different correlations among their priority goals and the smart dimensions, showing a different position of the cities in the smart dimensions’ development and goals. Also, differences in expected time frames to reach the aspired goals are identified. These findings allow us to derive new theoretical and managerial implications for cities on their path to become smart.
Metal–Organic Framework-Based Photodetectors
Authors: Zhang Jin-Biao , Tian Yi-Bo , Gu Zhi-Gang , Zhang Jian
Published: July 2024

The unique and interesting physical and chemical properties of metal–organic framework (MOF) materials have recently attracted extensive attention in a new generation of photoelectric applications. In this review, we summarized and discussed the research progress on MOF-based photodetectors. The methods of preparing MOF-based photodetectors and various types of MOF single crystals and thin film as well as MOF composites are introduced in details. Additionally, the photodetectors applications for X-ray, ultraviolet and infrared light, biological detectors, and circularly polarized light photodetectors are discussed. Furthermore, summaries and challenges are provided for this important research field.
Interpenetrated Structures for Enhancing Ion Diffusion Kinetics in Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Xue Xinzhe , Feng Longsheng , Ren Qiu , Tran Cassidy , Eisenberg Samuel , Pinongcos Anica , Valdovinos Logan , Hsieh Cathleen , Heo Tae Wook , Worsley Marcus A. , Zhu Cheng , Li Yat
Published: July 2024

The architectural design of electrodes offers new opportunities for next-generation electrochemical energy storage devices (EESDs) by increasing surface area, thickness, and active materials mass loading while maintaining good ion diffusion through optimized electrode tortuosity. However, conventional thick electrodes increase ion diffusion length and cause larger ion concentration gradients, limiting reaction kinetics. We demonstrate a strategy for building interpenetrated structures that shortens ion diffusion length and reduces ion concentration inhomogeneity. This free-standing device structure also avoids short-circuiting without needing a separator. The feature size and number of interpenetrated units can be adjusted during printing to balance surface area and ion diffusion. Starting with a 3D-printed interpenetrated polymer substrate, we metallize it to make it conductive. This substrate has two individually addressable electrodes, allowing selective electrodeposition of energy storage materials. Using a Zn//MnO2 battery as a model system, the interpenetrated device outperforms conventional separate electrode configurations, improving volumetric energy density by 221% and exhibiting a higher capacity retention rate of 49% compared to 35% at temperatures from 20 to 0 °C. Our study introduces a new EESD architecture applicable to Li-ion, Na-ion batteries, supercapacitors, etc.
Antidepressant effects of selective adenosine receptor antagonists targeting the A1 and A2A receptors administered jointly with NMDA receptor ligands: behavioral, biochemical and molecular investigations in mice
Authors: Szopa Aleksandra , Bogatko Karolina , Serefko Anna , Herbet Mariola , Ostrowska-Leśko Marta , Wróbel Andrzej , Radziwoń-Zaleska Maria , Dudka Jarosław , Wlaź Piotr , Poleszak Ewa
Published: July 2024

Background

The objective of the study was to ascertain the antidepressant potential of the co-administration of NMDA receptor ligands and selective adenosine A1 and A2A receptor antagonists.

Methods

The forced swim test (FST) and spontaneous locomotor activity test were carried out in adult male naïve mice. Before the behavioral testing, animals received DPCPX (a selective adenosine A1 receptor antagonist, 1 mg/kg) or istradefylline (a selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist, 0.5 mg/kg) in combination with L–701,324 (a potent NMDA receptor antagonist, 1 mg/kg), D–cycloserine (a partial agonist at the glycine recognition site of NMDA receptor, 2.5 mg/kg), CGP 37849 (a competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, 0.3 mg/kg) or MK–801 (a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, 0.05 mg/kg). Additionally, serum BDNF level and the mRNA level of theAdora1,Comt, andSlc6a15genes in the murine prefrontal cortex were determined.

Results

The obtained results showed that DPCPX and istradefylline administered jointly with NMDA receptor ligands (except for DPCPX + D–cycloserine combination) produced an antidepressant effect in the FST in mice without enhancement in spontaneous motility of animals. An elevation in BDNF concentration was noted in the D–cycloserine-treated group.Adora1expression increased with L–701,324, DPCPX + D–cycloserine, and DPCPX + CGP 37849, while D–cycloserine, CGP 37849, and MK–801 led to a decrease.ComtmRNA levels dropped with DPCPX + L–701,324, istradefylline + L–701,324/CGP 37849 but increased with D–cycloserine, MK–801, CGP 37849 and DPCPX + MK–801/ CGP 37849.Slc6a15levels were reduced by D–cycloserine, DPCPX + L–701,324 but rose with DPCPX + CGP 37849/MK–801 and istradefylline + D–cycloserine/MK–801/CGP 37849.

Conclusion

Our study suggests that selective antagonists of adenosine receptors may enhance the antidepressant efficacy of NMDA receptor ligands highlighting a potential synergistic interaction between the adenosinergic and glutamatergic systems. Wherein, A2A receptor antagonists are seen as more promising candidates in this context. Given the intricate nature of changes in BDNF levels and the expression ofAdora1,Comt, andSlc6a15seen after drug combinations exerting antidepressant properties, further research and integrative approaches are crucial understand better the mechanisms underlying their antidepressant action.
New Model Can Better Predict Areas Vulnerable to Forest Fires in India
Authors: Pragathi Ravi
Published: July 2024

Researchers incorporated local atmospheric parameters and terrain data to more accurately estimate the probability of fire in a specific area.
Efficient Organic Carbon Burial by Bottom Currents in the Ocean: A Potential Role in Climate Modulation
Authors: Yin Shaoru , Hernández‐Molina F. Javier , Fan Weijia , Li Jiabiao
Published: July 2024

Bottom currents play a major role in deep‐sea sedimentation, but their significance in the burial of organic carbon is poorly quantified at a global scale. Here we show that Holocene fluxes of organic carbon into the contourite drifts are high, with a global average of 0.09 g cm−2 Kyr−1. At individual drift sites, fluxes are commonly 1–2 orders of magnitude greater than rates in surrounding areas and in global depth‐similar zones. These high fluxes of organic carbon into the contourite drifts are due to high rates of sedimentation. Over the past 50 million years, sedimentation rates at the studied contourite drift sites have overall increased, coincident with decreasing atmospheric CO2 and a cooling global climate. Our work suggests that a ramp‐up of the bottom‐current carbon pump has accelerated removal of CO2 from the atmosphere and oceanic water, thus contributing to the overall global cooling after the Eocene Thermal Maximum.
Efficacious human metapneumovirus vaccine based on AI-guided engineering of a closed prefusion trimer
Authors: Bakkers Mark J. G. , Ritschel Tina , Tiemessen Machteld , Dijkman Jacobus , Zuffianò Angelo A. , Yu Xiaodi , van Overveld Daan , Le Lam , Voorzaat Richard , van Haaren Marlies M. , de Man Martijn , Tamara Sem , van der Fits Leslie , Zahn Roland , Juraszek Jarek , Langedijk Johannes P. M.
Published: July 2024

The prefusion conformation of human metapneumovirus fusion protein (hMPV Pre-F) is critical for eliciting the most potent neutralizing antibodies and is the preferred immunogen for an efficacious vaccine against hMPV respiratory infections. Here we show that an additional cleavage event in the F protein allows closure and correct folding of the trimer. We therefore engineered the F protein to undergo double cleavage, which enabled screening for Pre-F stabilizing substitutions at the natively folded protomer interfaces. To identify these substitutions, we developed an AI convolutional classifier that successfully predicts complex polar interactions often overlooked by physics-based methods and visual inspection. The combination of additional processing, stabilization of interface regions and stabilization of the membrane-proximal stem, resulted in a Pre-F protein vaccine candidate without the need for a heterologous trimerization domain that exhibited high expression yields and thermostability. Cryo-EM analysis shows the complete ectodomain structure, including the stem, and a specific interaction of the newly identified cleaved C-terminus with the adjacent protomer. Importantly, the protein induces high and cross-neutralizing antibody responses resulting in near complete protection against hMPV challenge in cotton rats, making the highly stable, double-cleaved hMPV Pre-F trimer an attractive vaccine candidate.
The first deep-snouted tyrannosaur from Upper Cretaceous Ganzhou City of southeastern China
Authors: Zheng Wenjie , Jin Xingsheng , Xie Junfang , Du Tianming
Published: July 2024

Tyrannosaurids were the most derived group of Tyrannosauroidea and are characterized by having two body plans: gracile, long-snouted and robust, deep-snouted skulls. Both groups lived sympatrically in central Asia. Here, we report a new deep-snouted tyrannosaurid, Asiatyrannus xui gen. et sp. nov., from the Upper Cretaceous of Ganzhou City, southeastern China, which has produced the large-bodied and long-snouted Qianzhousaurus. Based on histological analysis, the holotype of Asiatyrannus xui is not a somatically mature adult, but it already passed through the most rapid growth stages. Asiatyrannus is a small to medium-sized tyrannosaurine, with a skull length of 47.5 cm and an estimated total body length of 3.5–4 m; or around half the size of Qianzhousaurus and other large-bodied tyrannosaurines in similar growth stages. Asiatyrannus and Qianzhousaurus are sympatric tyrannosaurid genera in the Maastrichtian of southeastern China. Asiatyrannus differs from Qianzhousaurus in that it has a proportionally deeper snout, longer premaxilla, deeper maxilla, and deeper dentary, and the cornual process of the lacrimal is inflated without developing a discrete horn. The different skull proportions and body sizes suggest that Asiatyrannus and Qianzhousaurus likely had different feeding strategies and occupied different ecological niches.
ChemReco: automated recognition of hand-drawn carbon–hydrogen–oxygen structures using deep learning
Authors: Ouyang Hengjie , Liu Wei , Tao Jiajun , Luo Yanghong , Zhang Wanjia , Zhou Jiayu , Geng Shuqi , Zhang Chengpeng
Published: July 2024

Chemical molecular structures are a direct and convenient means of expressing chemical knowledge, playing a vital role in academic communication. In chemistry, hand drawing is a common task for students and researchers. If we can convert hand-drawn chemical molecular structures into machine-readable formats, like SMILES encoding, computers can efficiently process and analyze these structures, significantly enhancing the efficiency of chemical research. Furthermore, with the progress of educational technology, automated grading is gaining popularity. When machines automatically recognize chemical molecular structures and assess the correctness of the drawings, it offers great convenience to teachers. We created ChemReco, a tool designed to identify chemical molecular structures involving three atoms: C, H, and O, providing convenience for chemical researchers. Currently, there are limited studies on hand-drawn chemical molecular structures. Therefore, the primary focus of this paper is constructing datasets. We propose a synthetic image method to rapidly generate images resembling hand-drawn chemical molecular structures, enhancing dataset acquisition efficiency. Regarding model selection, the hand-drawn chemical molecule structural recognition model developed in this article achieves a final recognition accuracy of 96.90%. This model employs the encoder-decoder architecture of EfficientNet + Transformer, demonstrating superior performance compared to other encoder-decoder combinations.
Harnessing a WOx-based flexible transparent memristor synapse with a hafnium oxide layer for neuromorphic computing
Authors: Panda Debashis , Hui Yu-Fong , Tseng Tseung-Yuen
Published: July 2024

Transparent memristor-based neuromorphic synapses are expected to be specialised devices for high-speed information transmission and processing.
Building a depletion-region width modulation model and realizing memory characteristics in PN heterostructure devices
Authors: Guo Xing , Li Xinmiao , Wang Ruixiao , Zhu Wenhui , Wang Liancheng , Zhang Lei
Published: July 2024

A new depletion-region width modulation model is proposed to realize memory characteristics, and the coexistence of memristive and memcapacitive behaviors is demonstrated in p-CuAlO2/n-ZnO, p+-Si/n-ZnO and p-NiO/n-ZnO heterostructure devices.
Functionalization of three-dimensional epitaxial graphene with metal nanoparticles
Authors: Pompei Emanuele , Vlamidis Ylea , Ferbel Letizia , Zannier Valentina , Rubini Silvia , Esteban Daniel Arenas , Bals Sara , Marinelli Carmela , Pfusterschmied Georg , Leitgeb Markus , Schmid Ulrich , Heun Stefan , Veronesi Stefano
Published: July 2024

We report a new technique for fabricating metal-functionalized three-dimensional epitaxial graphene on porous SiC. The process is clean and scalable. The fabricated material exhibits high chemical and thermal stability, and versatility.
A copper missile-triggered power coalescence and death vortex within tumor cell mitochondria for synergistic cuproptosis/phototherapy/chemotherapy
Authors: Jiang Yicheng , He Shuhan , Xiang Niu , Duan Linghui , Lin Yuxiang , Huang Wenyu , Wu Zhenghong , Qi Xiaole
Published: July 2024

The CCTH nanoparticles trigger power coalescence and death vortex within tumor cell mitochondria, producing potent anti-tumor efficacy through cuproptosis/phototherapy/chemotherapy synergistic therapy.
Synthesis of novel sustainable optical poly(isosorbide thioethers) with high refractive indices and good biocompatibility using functional ionic liquid catalysts
Authors: Wang Heng , Ding Weilu , Zhang Zhencai , Zhang Yiwen , Yang Zhao , Feng Mi , Jiang Ming , Xu Fei
Published: July 2024

Compared to traditional IOLs (RI = 1.45–1.54), the synthesized isosorbide-based PITEs showed the highest RI of 1.64, good transparency and biocompatibility.
Exploring ferrocene-directed photo-Fenton initiation of RAFT polymerization
Authors: Zhang Xiyang , Pang Chaobin , Wang Xiaolu , Zhang Shuyan , Zhang Lei , Ji Wei , Huang Ling , Li Yantong , Jing Su
Published: July 2024

Introducing Fc-PF-RAFT: ferrocene-directed photo-Fenton RAFT polymerization for innovative polymers with unique structures and properties.
DigiSpan: Development and Evaluation of a Computer-Based, Adaptive Test of Short-Term Memory and Working Memory
Authors: Dillon Harvey , Boyle Christian , Gaikwad Shrutika , Luengtaweekul Ponsuang , Cameron Sharon
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

This article describes DigiSpan, a new computer-controlled auditory test of forward and reverse digit span, designed to be administered by clinicians, and presents normative and test–retest reliability data for adults.

Method:

DigiSpan mimics conventional live-voice tests in that it commences with trials that ascend in length until a stopping criterion is met, giving rise to a conventional scaled score. It then administers five additional adaptive trials, the length of which depends on the correctness of the response to the previous trial. Each of these two segments of the measurement gives rise to a scaled score. The ascending and adaptive scores are averaged to give an overall score and subtracted to produce an internal measure of consistency, and hence reliability. Young adults with an
M
age
of 25 years (
N
= 163) were tested, of whom 65 were retested on a separate day.

Results:

The scaled scores from the conventional ascending trials were highly consistent with existing normative data based on live-voice tests. Combination of the conventional scaled score with a scaled score based on the adaptive trials led to 44% reduction in error variance for forward memory span and 20% reduction for reverse memory span. The average of these (32%) is similar to but (insignificantly) less than the 42% reduction in error variance that can be predicted based on adding the five adaptive trials.

Conclusions:

Replacing live-voice production of digits by a clinician with recorded, computer-controlled production has not affected the difficulty of the test. Adding five additional trials around the sequence length that a test participant can just remember has produced a decrease in measurement error. In addition, the availability of separate scaled scores for the ascending and adaptive phases enables the reliability of the combined score to be checked, for both forward and reverse measurements. The combination of standardized delivery, increased accuracy, internal reliability check, and fast automated scoring makes the test highly suitable for clinical use.
Superpixel‐guided locality preserving projection and spatial–spectral classification for hyperspectral image
Authors: Song Hailong , Zhang Shuzhen
Published: July 2024

Locality preserving projection (LPP) is a typical feature extraction method based on spectral information for hyperspectral image (HSI) classification. Recently, to improve the classification performance, the spatial information of HSI has been applied in the LPP method. However, for most of spatial–spectral‐based LPP methods, they explore the spatial–spectral information within a fixed local window, which cannot be appropriate to the irregular‐shape ground objects in HSI. To over this issue, an effective superpixel‐guided LPP and spatial–spectral classification method are proposed, in which the spatial–adaptive structure information is fully excavated for HSI classification. Specifically, superpixel segmentation is first conducted on the HSI to generate shape‐adaptive homogeneous subregions. Then, to learn more discriminative projection, the neighbourhood graph for LPP is constructed based on spatial–spectral similarity, in which pixels within the same superpixel are connected. Finally, the obtained projection feature is input a classifier to yield the initial classification result, and the edge information of ground objects captured by superpixels is utilized to optimize the initial classification result. Experiments on two real hyperspectral datasets demonstrate that the proposed superpixel‐guided and spatial–spectral classification method significantly outperforms the other well‐known techniques for HSI classification.
Comment utiliser l’échographie lors d’affections ombilicales
chez les veaux et les bovins
Authors: Maillard Renaud , Cesbron nora , Belbis Guillaume
Published: July 2024

Les affections ombilicales des veaux sont fréquentes en pathologie néonatale bovine et peuvent avoir une répercussion importante sur la valeur économique de l’animal.

Un diagnostic précis, et surtout un pronostic, sont essentiels pour effectuer des choix thérapeutiques raisonnés.

Un protocole standardisé d’examen clinique et échographique précédant une intervention chirurgicale confirme l’importance de l’outil échographique dans la gestion des affections ombilicales du veau.

Les vétérinaires praticiens sont déjà souvent équipés du matériel nécessaire à la réalisation de l’échographie ombilicale chez le jeune veau (une sonde linéaire suffit souvent) grâce aux échographes utilisés pour les suivis de reproduction, et cet examen est rapide à effectuer. C’est un acte diagnostique utilisé chaque fois que nécessaire sans difficulté.
Étude de cas en alimentation des ruminants :
ration à base de coproduits pour taurillons
Authors: Enjalbert Francis
Published: July 2024

Des coproduits comme la pulpe de betterave, la drèche de blé ou des coproduits de biscuiterie peuvent être valorisés en engraissement de taurillons.

Les risques liés à des approvisionnements irréguliers ou à des écarts de composition chimique par rapport aux valeurs moyenne doivent être gérés.
Encéphalomyélite due au virus
de l’arthrite encéphalite caprine (AEC) chez la chevrette
Authors: Raut Noémie , Le Rest Tony , Guenault Rémi , Despres Jérôme , Dagher Elie , Chocteau Florian , Assié Sébastien , Guattéo Raphael , Carrier Christophe
Published: July 2024

Les affections neurologiques des caprins sont mal documentées et leur abord clinique est difficile. Un épisode d’atteinte neurologique a été décrit dans un élevage caprin laitier sur des chevrettes âgées de 30 à 40 jours.

Deux d’entre elles ont été référées aux hôpitaux de médecine des animaux d’élevage à Oniris.

Une des chevrettes manifestait une tétraparésie sans atteinte de l’état général. A l’autopsie, aucune lésion significative n’a été mise en évidence macroscopiquement mais l’examen histopathologique a mis en évidence des lésions imputables au virus de l’arthrite encéphalite caprine (AECV).

Les formes cliniques classiques et attendues de l’AEC virale sont principalement les arthrites et les mammites chroniques chez les animaux à partir d’un an.

La forme nerveuse est plus rare et d’apparition plus précoce sur des animaux de 2 à 4 mois principalement.

Le virus de l’AEC est présent dans la grande majorité des troupeaux caprins laitiers en France et son impact que ce soit au travers des différentes formes cliniques ou de l’infection subclinique est probablement considérable bien que très mal estimé.

Différentes mesures de lutte existent (séparation précoce et durable des jeunes, distribution de colostrum thermisé, réforme) mais son contrôle reste très complexe et son éradication difficilement envisageable.
Savoir organiser un pâturage performant
Authors: Bessière Mathieu
Published: July 2024

Un pâturage de qualité doit respecter le sol, les plantes et les animaux. Le sol doit être nourri par l’herbe laissée sur la parcelle après broutage et protégé en permanence.

Les plantes doivent être pâturées, ni trop fréquemment ni trop ras pour ne pas fragiliser leurs réserves et à un stade nutritionnel compris entre 2,5 et 3 feuilles.

Le chargement doit être adapté aux ressources de la parcelle pour ne générer ni surpâturage ni refus.

Le pâturage fixe apporte peu de contraintes aux éleveurs, mais offre peu de garantie sur le respect des réserves des plantes et leur équilibre nutritionnel.

Le pâturage au fil permet de s’adapter à des changements d’effectifs mais demande une astreinte quotidienne forte pour les éleveurs. Il nécessite l’utilisation d’un fil arrière en cas de séjour long sur une parcelle.

Le pâturage tournant dynamique cherche à répondre avec un maximum de précision au respect du cycle sol/plante/animal.

Le nombre de paddock optimal varie entre 10 et 30 dans la perspective de respecter des vitesses de pousse comprises entre 20 et 40 jours. Cela demande un investissement en matériel de clôture important.

Les robots de traite imposent des contraintes supplémentaires notamment dans le cas où les stalles sont saturées.

Lorsque c’est possible, nous proposons plusieurs paddocks par jour pour soutenir le nombre de passages au robot et améliorer la valorisation de l’herbe.
Faut-il et, si oui, comment complémenter les vaches laitières
au pâturage ?
Authors: Delaby Luc
Published: July 2024

L’herbe pâturée présente les caractéristiques nutritionnelles d’une ration complète. Mais les conditions de pâturage recommandées, notamment via les quantités d’herbe offertes, limitent son niveau d’ingestion.

Dans ces conditions, l’apport de concentré permet d’accroître le niveau d’apports nutritifs et d’augmenter la production laitière d’environ 0,9 kg de lait par kg de concentré.

Dans le même temps, le taux butyreux du lait baisse tandis que le taux protéique augmente un peu.

Les performances de reproduction des vaches inséminées au printemps, au pâturage, ne sont pas améliorées. Pour une quantité d’herbe offerte donnée, les quantités d’herbe ingérées individuelle au pâturage dépendent et augmentent avec la capacité d’ingestion de chaque vache. En conséquence, la complémentation en concentré peut être simplifiée et constante entre vaches d’un même troupeau.

La complémentation en fourrages doit être raisonnée différemment. L’apport d’ensilage ou de foin doit être envisagé en cas de déséquilibre entre l’offre et la demande, associé à un déficit de croissance de l’herbe. La situation la plus dommageable est de distribuer aux vaches des fourrages conservés alors que la disponibilité en herbe est suffisante. Du fait d’un coût alimentaire faible, l’herbe pâturée est un atout des systèmes laitiers à condition de tout faire pour bien la valoriser.
Métrite et endométrites chez la vache :
peu d’avancées thérapeutiques, mais plus de prévention !
Authors: Picard-Hagen Nicole , Saada Chloé , Perigault Simon , Lesueur Jérémy , Nouvel Xavier
Published: July 2024

Les métrites et les endométrites sont des affections courantes, notamment en élevage bovin laitier, et qui ont des répercussions sur les performances de reproduction. Après avoir défini ces affections utérines, cet article fait le point sur les traitements des métrites et des endométrites et met en avant les faibles avancées thérapeutiques. En se basant sur des essais cliniques standardisés, l’efficacité des traitements est évaluée : le traitement de ces affections utérines est fondé essentiellement sur l’utilisation des antibiotiques. Les traitements utérotoniques sont inefficaces. Les lavages utérins avec des antiseptiques peuvent entrainer des effets délétères sur l’utérus.

Les voies thérapeutiques curatives et préventives actuellement en développement sont présentées. Des stratégies vaccinales contre des bactéries impliquées dans les affections utérines, ou l'utilisation de lactobacilles pour préserver l’équilibre de la flore vaginale constituent des voies préventives innovantes pour protéger l'utérus vis-à-vis des infections.

Leur efficacité doit maintenant être prouvée dans des études de terrain.

Le déficit énergétique en péripartum a des répercussions sur le système immunitaire, donc sur la santé utérine. L’évaluation d’indicateurs métaboliques, notamment associés à la sensibilité aux métrites et endométrites, pendant la période péripartum, permet de mettre en place précocement des mesures correctives et/ou préventives à l’échelle du troupeau.
Suivi de la santé pendant la période péripartum
pour optimiser la fertilité
Authors: LeBlanc Stephen
Published: July 2024

Les maladies cliniques telles que la rétention placentaire et la métrite sont bien évidentes. Pourtant, les maladies subcliniques peuvent passer inaperçues et être ainsi non traitées malgré des effets potentiels plus importants en raison de leur prévalence élevée. Le vétérinaire est bien placé pour mesurer l’importance de la cétose, de l’hypocalcémie, et des affections reproductrices subcliniques (écoulement purulent et endométrite) et proposer les mesures de suivi et de traitement.

Ces troubles peuvent affecter la fertilité pendent 2 à 6 mois après le cas. La gestion proactive de la période de transition promet de soutenir la production et la fécondité du troupeau laitier.
Les dermatoses communes en élevage bovin laitier
Authors: Guarnieri Eloi , Sauvé Frédéric
Published: July 2024

La dermatologie bovine s’enrichit progressivement de connaissances en matière de facteurs de risque, d’impacts économiques et de mécanismes pathophysiologiques des dermatoses fréquentes en élevage bovin laitier.

Cet article résume et discute ces connaissances vis-à-vis des lésions environnementales (jarrets et carpes), de la dermatophytie, de l’intertrigo du sillon mammaire et des viroses affectant les trayons : Bovine Papilloma Virus (BPV), la pseudo-variole, et la thélite ulcérative herpétique.
Effets du stress de chaleur sur la reproduction des vaches laitières
Authors: Salat Olivier , Verdoolaege Philippe
Published: July 2024

Les bovins ont des capacités d’élimination de la chaleur limitées par rapport aux autres espèces. Dans l’espèce bovine, les vaches laitières sont particulièrement exposées au stress de chaleur du fait de la quantité de chaleur produite par leur métabolisme.

Des données descriptives issues de 71 élevages laitiers Bretons suivis au cours de 3 années au niveau de leurs performances de reproduction ainsi que d’autres études tirées de la littérature permettent de constater que c’est surtout le fonctionnement ovarien qui est affecté par les chaleurs excessives. Le stress de chaleur s’accompagne d’une baisse de l’ingestion, d’un stress oxydatif ainsi que d’une élévation de la température corporelle.

C’est ce dernier point qui a le plus d’effets délétères sur les cellules ovariennes et sur le développement précoce de l’œuf.

Après avoir décrit précisément les conséquences néfastes d’un stress de chaleur et avoir expliqué les mécanismes physiopathologiques impliqués, des solutions sont proposées pour atténuer son impact sur la reproduction des vaches laitières.
Diversity of Babesia spp. in skunks from selected states in the United States of America
Authors: Garrett Kayla B. , Brown Justin , Gabriel Mourad , Dowler Robert , Perkins J. Clint , Krejsa Dianna , Yabsley Michael J.
Published: July 2024

Babesia species are intraerythrocytic protozoan parasites that infect a variety of hosts. The goal of this study was to evaluate the piroplasm species present in skunks in various states in the United States and determine whether there was any geographic variation. Spleen, whole blood, or blood on filter paper were received from Pennsylvania, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Missouri, Louisiana, Texas, Kansas, and California, and were tested for Babesia sp. We tested four species of skunks including striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis, n = 72), eastern spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius, n = 28), western spotted skunk (Spilogale gracilis, n = 15), and hog-nosed skunk (Conepatus leuconotus, n = 11). A PCR assay targeting the 18S rRNA region and cox1 region were used to determine if skunks were infected with piroplasms and for phylogenetic analyses. A total of 48.4% (61/126) of skunks tested positive for a Babesia species. Both the 18S and cox1 analysis supported a skunk-specific Babesia microti-like sp. of carnivores as well as a species in the B. microti complex that is phylogenetically unique from both B. microti of humans and the B. microti-like sp. of carnivores. In the 18S analysis, there was a third species of Babesia in hog-nosed skunks in the western piroplasm group. This study shows that at least three species of piroplasms occur in skunk species in the United States and further highlights the importance of phylogenetic analyses and the use of multiple gene targets when studying piroplasms.
The measurement, level, and influence of resource allocation efficiency in universities: empirical evidence from 13 “double first class” universities in China
Authors: Chen Biao , Chen Yan , Sun Yajing , Tong Yu , Liu Ling
Published: July 2024

China’s higher education system is shifting from quantitative expansion to connotative development to advance its quality. Since 2015, Chinese governments have been implementing a strategic policy for higher education called “double first-class”, which aims to promote a number of Chinese top universities to construct world-class universities or to establish world-class disciplines. “Double first-class” universities have received a large amount of educational resources through this policy. Taking advantage of resources efficiently is an important element in promoting the development of higher quality higher education. However, research on resource allocation in China’s “double first-class” universities is incomplete. Current research has not clarified the level of resource allocation efficiency or the factors affecting China’s “double first-class” universities. With the help of the superefficient data envelopment analysis (DEA)-Malmquist–Tobit model, this study actively explores the current status of the resource allocation efficiency of China’s “double first-class” universities to fill this gap in the field. Specifically, the development level and change trend of the resource allocation efficiency of 13 “double first-class” universities in China from 2015 to 2019 were measured with the help of the superefficient DEA-Malmquist model. The internal and external factors affecting the resource allocation efficiency of “double first-class” universities are also analysed with the help of the Tobit model. The overall level of resource allocation efficiency of “double first-class” universities is high, but the internal variability is large. From the perspective of efficiency decomposition, it is found that both technical efficiency change (EFch) and technical progress efficiency (TEch) play important roles in improving the total factor productivity (TFP) of resource allocation. Compared with TEch, EFch plays a more significant pulling role. This study confirms that the factors affecting resource allocation efficiency are complex. Among them, the regional economic environment, faculty title structure, and degree of international exchange have significant roles in promoting the resource allocation efficiency of “double first-class” universities, but local financial support and the time of policy implementation have certain negative effects.
Tunable topological boundary modes enabled by synthetic translation dimension
Authors: Guan Zheng , Chen Xiao-Dong , Mo Hao-Chang , Liu Jian-Wei , Shu Qian-Yu , Cao Yuan , Chen Wen-Jie , Dong Jian-Wen
Published: July 2024

Topological boundary modes, which are localized at the edge of topological materials, have received significant attention for their various applications in robust waveguides, optical cavities, and topological lasers. To envision their further applications in tunable devices, we propose and demonstrate a scheme to dynamically manipulate topological boundary modes by exploiting the two translation parameters of photonic crystals. We find that the translation not only transports the Wannier state similar to conventional Thouless pumping but also induces a nonzero Chern number in the two-dimensional synthetic space while preserving the time-reversal symmetry in the real space. Through changing the translation, gapless and tunable topological boundary modes are demonstrated. As a specific application, we show a dynamic bandpass filter with real-time tuning over 100% bandgap, a capability that cannot be achieved with only one translation parameter. Our design opens a venue for the development of tunable topological devices based on synthetic parameter dimension and can be generalized to other bosonic systems.
HLA-C expression in extravillous trophoblasts is determined by an ELF3–NLRP2/NLRP7 regulatory axis
Authors: Gu Bowen , Le Gia-Han , Herrera Sebastian , Blair Steven J. , Meissner Torsten B. , Strominger Jack L.
Published: July 2024

The distinct human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I expression pattern of human extravillous trophoblasts (EVT) endows them with unique tolerogenic properties that enable successful pregnancy. Nevertheless, how this process is elaborately regulated remains elusive. Previously, E74 like ETS transcription factor 3 (ELF3) was identified to govern high-level HLA-C expression in EVT. In the present study, ELF3 is found to bind to the enhancer region of two adjacent NOD-like receptor (NLR) genes, NLR family pyrin domain-containing 2 and 7 (NLRP2, NLRP7). Notably, our analysis of ELF3-deficient JEG-3 cells, a human choriocarcinoma cell line widely used to study EVT biology, suggests that ELF3 transactivates
NLRP7
while suppressing the expression of NLRP2. Moreover, we find that NLRP2 and NLRP7 have opposing effects on HLA-C expression, thus implicating them in immune evasion at the maternal–fetal interface. We confirmed that NLRP2 suppresses HLA-C levels and described a unique role for NLRP7 in promoting HLA-C expression in JEG-3. These results suggest that these two NLR genes, which arose via gene duplication in primates, are fine-tuned by ELF3 yet have acquired divergent functions to enable proper expression levels of HLA-C in EVT, presumably through modulating the degradation kinetics of IkBα. Targeting the ELF3–NLRP2/NLRP7–HLA-C axis may hold therapeutic potential for managing pregnancy-related disorders, such as recurrent hydatidiform moles and fetal growth restriction, and thus improve placental development and pregnancy outcomes.
Face attributes in interviews with Iranian politicians
Authors: Bahman Masoumeh , Lowe Veronica
Published: July 2024

This study examines face attributes in political interviews involving interviewers working for western
broadcasting companies and Iranian politicians. The data consists of 10 hours of talk. The topic raised in the interviews is
concerned with Iran’s human rights which have aroused concern and been the focus of international attention. Iranian politicians
interviewed on global media are often questioned about Iran’s non-conformity with Human Rights Council. The study revealed that
the interviewers ascribed the Iranian politicians with the negative attributes of lack of universalism, non-benevolence, lack of
power, non-conformity, and lack of self-direction and the interviewees claimed the positive attributes of security, conformity,
benevolence, universalism, self-direction, achievement and tradition to save or enhance their face.

Also, the findings demonstrated that Iranian politicians tended to be more concerned with their collective
face.
I am a doctor in your shoes
Authors: Zhao Xin , Mao Yansheng , Wang Yihang
Published: July 2024

The ability to be empathic with the emotionally-charged personal accounts of patients in a medical consultation is
an essential attribute of a qualified doctor. However, there is a lack of empirical research on how empathy is interactionally
achieved by Chinese doctors in text-based online medical consultations (OMC). Based on 600 records of text-type online
consultations retrieved from https://www.120ask.com, this paper aims to explore how
empathy is pragmatically constructed for doctor-patient rapport management in online medical consultations. The findings of this
analysis reveal that the types of empathy are in the form of cognitive empathy, affective empathy, sharing empathy, and nurturing
empathy. By showing how doctors discursively used these four types of empathic strategies, the study contributes to the limited
but growing body of research on Chinese doctors’ empathic strategies in online medical consultations.
Hierarchical multi-level dynamic hyperparameter deformable image registration with convolutional neural network
Authors: Zhu Zhenyu , Li Qianqian , Wei Ying , Song Rui
Published: July 2024

Objective. To enable the registration network to be trained only once, achieving fast regularization hyperparameter selection during the inference phase, and to improve registration accuracy and deformation field regularity. Approach. Hyperparameter tuning is an essential process for deep learning deformable image registration (DLDIR). Most DLDIR methods usually perform a large number of independent experiments to select the appropriate regularization hyperparameters, which are time-consuming and resource-consuming. To address this issue, we propose a novel dynamic hyperparameter block, which comprises a distributed mapping network, dynamic convolution, attention feature extraction layer, and instance normalization layer. The dynamic hyperparameter block encodes the input feature vectors and regularization hyperparameters into learnable feature variables and dynamic convolution parameters which changes the feature statistics of the high-dimensional features layer feature variables, respectively. In addition, the proposed method replaced the single-level structure residual blocks in LapIRN with a hierarchical multi-level architecture for the dynamic hyperparameter block in order to improve registration performance. Main results. On the OASIS dataset, the proposed method reduced the percentage of

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J

ϕ

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⩽
0

by 28.01

%

, 9.78

%

and improved Dice similarity coefficient by 1.17

%

, 1.17

%

, compared with LapIRN and CIR, respectively. On the DIR-Lab dataset, the proposed method reduced the percentage of

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J

ϕ

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⩽
0

by 10.00

%

, 5.70

%

and reduced target registration error by 10.84

%

, 10.05

%

, compared with LapIRN and CIR, respectively. Significance. The proposed method can fast achieve the corresponding registration deformation field for arbitrary hyperparameter value during the inference phase. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed method reduces training time compared to DLDIR with fixed regularization hyperparameters while outperforming the state-of-the-art registration methods concerning registration accuracy and deformation smoothness on brain dataset OASIS and lung dataset DIR-Lab.
Estimating the production of dark photons with η decay in high-energy collisions*
Authors: Kou 寇 Wei 维 , Chen 陈 Xurong 旭荣
Published: July 2024

We propose searching for dark photon signals in the decay channel of η mesons, specifically through the leptonic decay (

) observable in photon-photon interactions during ultra-peripheral heavy-ion collisions. We estimate the total cross-section for dark photon production in ultra-peripheral PbPb collisions at current and future hadron colliders. Our findings support the potential for detecting dark photon signals at the LHC, High-Luminosity LHC, High-Energy LHC, and Future Circular Collider.