bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Efficacy and Safety of Prolonged Oral Anticoagulation for the Prevention of Thromboembolic Events in Patients Recovered From COVID-19 1 Year After Hospital Discharge: The SARCOV-19 Prospective Registry
Authors: Aidouni Ghizlane El , Bouchlarhem Amine , Bkiyar Houssam , Ismaili Nabila , El Ouafi Noha , Housni Brahim
Published: February 2023

Our objective in this study is to know the predictors of thromboembolic events 1 year after hospitalization for severe COVID-19 and the benefit of preventive oral anticoagulation for 1 month to placebo after release. We conducted a prospective study to determine the benefit of preventive anticoagulation upon discharge from the hospital and to determine the predictive factors of thromboembolic events. We included 720 patients in the SARCOV-19 Registry, with a mean age of 62.07 (±18.11), and 61.1% male. After 1 year, 60 thromboembolic events were observed, 45 in patients on a placebo, and 15 in patients on a direct oral anticoagulant. The predictive factors determined for these events were the presence of cardiac disease, elevation of D-dimer during hospitalization, myocardial damage defined by elevation of troponins more than 6 times normal, and the use of mechanical ventilation. However, the use of preventive anticoagulation protects against thrombotic events and reduces the risk of a thromboembolic event at 1 year with a relative risk of 0.49 compared to a placebo. The prolongation of the preventive anticoagulation at the exit will protect with a decrease of almost 50% of the risk against thrombotic events and this without increasing the risk of bleeding.
Three-dimensional analytical solutions to the half infinite thermo-elastic body pressed by a rigid cylindrical structure in thermal environment
Authors: Yang Licai
Published: February 2023

The novelty of this paper is to propose exact three-dimensional analytical solutions to the half infinite thermo-elastic body pressed by a rigid cylindrical structure for the first time, in which uniform heat flux flowing from rigid structure into the half infinite body is considered. Using recent general solutions expressed by four harmonic functions and extending potential theory method to consider heat effect, the governing integral equations are first derived. Then, the equations are analytically solved and displacement, stress, and temperature field components expressed by elementary functions are obtained. To validate the presented solutions, the correctness of the solutions is exactly examined, and normal contact displacement and stress without heat effect are compared with those in literatures. Furthermore, a numerical example which is the stainless steel thermo-elastic body pressed by a displacement restrictor is studied. Displacement, stress, and temperature distributions are analyzed, and the influence of heat flux on the pressed depth is also discussed in detail. The analytical solutions presented in this paper are rather important in engineering practice and can provide a basis for indentation analysis, displacement restrictor design, foundation settlement calculation, and so on.
Framing Effects in Youth E-Cigarette Use Prevention: Individual Text Messages Versus Simulated Text Exchanges
Authors: Zhao Xiaoquan , Cai Xiaomei , Malterud Andrea
Published: February 2023

Electronic cigarettes are the most widely used tobacco product among youth in the United States. Although rapidly growing, research on effective message strategies for e-cigarette use prevention is still limited. This study examined the relative effectiveness of gain framing versus loss framing in youth-targeting prevention text messages delivered either as individual expository texts or simulated text exchanges between a youth patient and a pediatrician. A national sample of 1,084 youth susceptible to future e-cigarette use was randomized to condition in an online message testing experiment featuring a 2 (framing: gain vs. loss) × 2 (format: individual texts vs. simulated exchange) factorial design. Results revealed a consistent interaction between framing and messaging format in message liking, positive affect, attitude toward e-cigarette use, and future e-cigarette use intentions. The gain frame outperformed the loss frame in the simulated exchange conditions while the reverse trend was true for the individual text conditions. Furthermore, the main effect of messaging format was significant on multiple outcomes in favor of simulated text exchanges. The main effect of framing was only significant on negative affective response with the loss frame eliciting stronger responses. These findings suggest that the relative effectiveness of gain framing versus loss framing depends on how messages are presented in youth-targeting text messaging interventions. When messages are likely to be delivered in a discrete manner, the loss frame should be preferred. When greater interactivity and narrative development are possible, the gain frame should be favored. E-cigarette prevention efforts should leverage these insights to enhance message effectiveness.
A history of eponym usage in hip and pelvis radiography part 1: the paediatric hip
Authors: Bi Andrew S , Carter Cordelia , Price Andrew E , Litrenta Jody , Karamitopoulos Mara , Castañeda Pablo G
Published: February 2023

Eponyms, while inherently flawed, remain a constant in medical vernacular, especially in orthopaedic surgery. It is essential to understand how these eponyms came to be named and for whom they were named after in order to know the correct usage and definition of these eponyms. In this first part, we describe the history of eponym usage in paediatric hip radiography; who, when, what, where, and how. We hope to provide a historical perspective of interest, resolve any controversies in semantic definitions, and create a comprehensive library of eponymous terms related to paediatric hip radiography.
An Overview: Genetic Tumor Markers for Early Detection and Current Gene Therapy Strategies
Authors: Quraish Reeshan ul , Hirahata Tetsuyuki , Quraish Afraz ul , ul Quraish Shahan
Published: February 2023

Genomic instability is considered a fundamental factor involved in any neoplastic disease. Consequently, the genetically unstable cells contribute to intratumoral genetic heterogeneity and phenotypic diversity of cancer. These genetic alterations can be detected by several diagnostic techniques of molecular biology and the detection of alteration in genomic integrity may serve as reliable genetic molecular markers for the early detection of cancer or cancer-related abnormal changes in the body cells. These genetic molecular markers can detect cancer earlier than any other method of cancer diagnosis, once a tumor is diagnosed, then replacement or therapeutic manipulation of these cancer-related abnormal genetic changes can be possible, which leads toward effective and target-specific cancer treatment and in many cases, personalized treatment of cancer could be performed without the adverse effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In this review, we describe how these genetic molecular markers can be detected and the possible ways for the application of this gene diagnosis for gene therapy that can attack cancerous cells, directly or indirectly, which lead to overall improved management and quality of life for a cancer patient.
Impact of Determinant Macro Economic Variables on Environmental Changes in Iran
Authors: Sepehrdoust Hamid , Tartar Mohsen , Mohtashami Sara
Published: February 2023

Sustainable economic development involves both improving the socio-economic quality of life in the present and improving environmental conditions for future generations. The main objective of the study was to investigate the impact of the determinant macroeconomic variables, including economic complexity, construction, energy consumption, and housing sector expenditures, on environmental changes in Iran over the period 1991 to 2019; using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. The results show that at the macro level, an increase in the economic complexity index can reduce pollution in both the short and long term. The effects of further expansion of the housing sector and household energy consumption on pollution are positive and significant in both the short and long run. The error correction model (ECM = 0.65) shows that 65% of the imbalances in each period are corrected in the next period. Based on the obtained results, it is recommended to take serious measures to improve the structure of production and increase the country’s economic complexity index; in other words, to produce goods with higher knowledge and technology and apply policies to improve the level of household energy consumption leading to air pollution reduction.

Jel:

Q40, Q48, Q50, Q52
Exploring the depth of Marion Dönhoff’s psyche: A Cultural Psychogram
Authors: von Fircks Enno
Published: February 2023

The present article is a psychogram about Marion Gräfin Dönhoff. I am deciphering the life of the countess on the basis of Boesch’s symbolic action theory. By the psychogram I am exploring the action field (needs and goals) of Dönhoff that I argue can only be understood while drawing on her relation to her socio-cultural environment. Born in a noble family in Königsberg – in a castle – she is a child of a highly politicized family with a moral ethos. Very early on she comes in contact with the general history or the history of her family both intertwined one with the other, goes to Frankfurt for her studies in the 1930ies, completes her dissertation in Basel (1936), leads castle Friedrichstein economically in the 1940ies, joins the inner-German resistance, flees from castle Friedrichstein in 1944 and becomes a journalist in the post-war decade in Germany. I argue that Dönhoff was exposed to specific cultural life-patterns catalyzing the ground-theme of her life, the political, practical and social involvement with the people’s lives which helps them to preserve meaning. By the notion of interrelated action fields – directed towards a common ground-theme – I am also proposing an extension of Boeschian Cultural Psychology.
Promoting prosociality toward future generations in antibiotic intake
Authors: Santana Ana Paula , Korn Lars , Betsch Cornelia , Böhm Robert
Published: February 2023

Understanding individuals’ preferences for antibiotics can help mitigate the acceleration of antibiotic resistance. Similar to the climate crisis, individuals “today” need to appropriately use antibiotics to reduce the negative consequences of antibiotic resistance for individuals “tomorrow.” We use an established—yet novel in this research field—behavioral game approach to investigate individuals’ preferences for antibiotics in the face of a between-generations conflict. In an online study, we investigated whether a between-generations (vs within-generations) conflict in antibiotic intake leads to larger overuse and how to promote appropriate use of antibiotics. Results indicate that overuse in the face of a between-generations (vs within-generations) conflict increased. Eliciting empathy toward future generations in the case of a between-generations conflict decreased overuse. Findings suggest that different representations of this social dilemma can influence people’s preferences for antibiotics, and that empathy-based interventions might promote appropriate antibiotic use.
Disordered eating during COVID-19 pandemic is associated with nutritional status, negative mood changes, and body image in university students
Authors: Gottardi Natália Rubim de Medeiros , Pereira Anna Carolina Di Francesco , Cattafesta Monica , Salaroli Luciane Bresciani , Soares Fabíola Lacerda Pires
Published: February 2023

Our objective was to evaluate disordered eating and associated factors in university students in the early period of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. This is an analytical cross-sectional observational study, and data collection took place between May and June 2020, using an online semi-structured questionnaire. In total, 936 students were evaluated. Present signs/symptoms of the flu syndrome (OR = 1.605), negative mood changes (OR = 1.628), weight gain (OR = 1.739), obesity (OR = 3.089), follow fitness/health profile on social media (OR = 2.050), having inadequate body perception (OR = 2.416), and body dissatisfaction (OR = 2.612) increased the chances of presenting a higher score on the disordered eating scale.
The auditory picture vocabulary test for English L2: A spoken receptive meaning-recognition test intended for Dutch-speaking L2 learners of English
Authors: De Wilde Vanessa
Published: February 2023

When students start learning English as a foreign language (EFL), they often already know many words because they have had many opportunities to engage with the English language outside the classroom. Therefore, we have developed a spoken receptive meaning-recognition vocabulary test so that teachers can gain insight into the learners’ degree of spoken receptive vocabulary knowledge. The test was developed in three stages. First, we tested the quality of over 300 items in a pilot test, which we then adapted to a second and a third, final version of the test. Item selection was done on second language (L2) prevalence lists, but other word-related variables (word frequency, age of acquisition, and cognateness) were also considered and their role in the difficulty of the test items was examined. The main predictors of item difficulty were L2 prevalence, age of acquisition, and cognateness, but not word frequency in English corpora.
Organizations and migrant integration: Towards a multiparadigm narrative approach
Authors: Primecz Henriett , Lugosi Peter , Zølner Mette , Chevrier Sylvie , Barmeyer Christoph , Grosskopf Sina
Published: February 2023

This paper explores the potential of conducting multiparadigm research within and beyond cross-cultural management, using narratives to examine how organizations shape migrant integration experiences and trajectories. It highlights the strengths of paradigmatic multiplicity in research with examples of three illustrative studies respectively using functionalist, interpretive and critical perspectives, while also considering the boundaries of these individual approaches. The paper proceeds to explore the potential of adopting a multiparadigm approach within a research strategy that places narratives at the centre of enquiry. It identifies the scope and focus of future research for a socially and politically important area of enquiry; it evaluates the application of diverse paradigm-driven methodological perspectives including the challenges involved in using them alone and in combination; and it develops a transferable framework to guide research in cross-cultural management, organization and migration studies that helps to assure procedural and conceptual rigour, and to generate practicable insights that facilitate successful integration outcomes.
Sexual Coercion, Intimate Partner Violence, and Homicide: A Scoping Literature Review
Authors: Smith Emily Joan , Bailey Beth A. , Cascio Ariel
Published: February 2023

The specific relationship between sexual coercion, intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy, and intimate partner homicide (IPH) is poorly understood. Through a scoping literature review, we identified 101 studies on sexual coercion, IPV during pregnancy, and IPH and created a conceptual model suggesting unintended pregnancies may serve as both a risk factor for and a product of IPV that may escalate to IPH. We illustrate a healthcare systems intervention implication of this model in the context of the Colorado Family Planning Initiative (CFPI). Descriptive statistics suggest an inverse association between contraception access and IPH, which declined by 62% during the first 4 years of the CFPI. Interventions aimed at improving reproductive agency, including improving contraception access and reducing unintended pregnancy, may be a useful opportunity for clinician and health systems to contribute to reducing both lethal and nonlethal IPV.
The Cost of Diversity: An Analysis of Representation and Cost Barriers in Stock Photo Libraries for Health Education Materials, 2021
Authors: Chichester Zachary A. , Jewell Michelle A. , LePrevost Catherine E. , Lee Joseph G. L.
Published: February 2023

Introduction. Ineffective health communication can drive health disparities and limit the effectiveness of interventions to reduce them. Stock photo libraries are a critical tool for developers of patient education, health education, and intervention materials. It is not clear how well stock photo libraries represent communities bearing disproportionate burdens of disease. Method. We conducted a search using five popular stock image libraries (Adobe Stock Images, Canva, Getty Images, Microsoft Office Image Library, and Pixabay) in November 2021 to evaluate diversity and representation in health-related stock photos. We searched for the following five key preventive health topics: healthy eating, exercising, quitting smoking, vaccination, and pregnancy. The images (N = 495) were coded for age, gender presentation, representation of perceived minoritized racial/ethnic identity, skin color using the Massey–Martin skin color scale, markers of high socioeconomic status (SES), and access costs. Results. The representation of perceived minoritized people, darker skin color, and inclusion of markers of high SES varied greatly by the search term and library. Images predominately portrayed young adults and adults, with limited representation of other age groups. Images in libraries with any paywall were significantly more likely to depict a person of perceived minoritized racial/ethnic identity and depict darker skin colors, and were significantly less likely to contain markers of high SES identity than images in libraries that were free to use. Discussion. We found that it costs more to develop culturally relevant health education materials for minoritized populations and groups that do not represent high SES populations. This may hinder the development of effective communication interventions.
It Matters to Whom You Compare Yourself: The Case of Unrealistic Optimism and Gender-Specific Comparisons
Authors: Kulesza Wojciech , Dolinski Dariusz , Suitner Caterina , Genschow Oliver , Muniak Paweł , Izydorczak Kamil , Salvador Casara Bruno Gabriel
Published: February 2023

Unrealistic Optimism (UO) appears when comparing participants’ risk estimates for themselves with an average peer, which typically results in lower risk estimates for the self. This article reports nuanced effects when comparison varies in terms of the gender of the peer. In three studies (total N = 2,468, representative sample), we assessed people’s risk estimates for COVID-19 infections for peers with the same or other gender. If a peer’s gender is not taken into account, previous studies were replicated: Compared with others, participants perceived themselves as less likely to get infected with COVID-19. Interestingly, this effect was qualified by gender: Respondents perceived women as less threatened than men because women are perceived as more cautious and compliant with medical guidelines.
Hand and Upper Extremity Surgical Site Infection Rates Associated With Perioperative Corticosteroid Injection: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Light Jonathan J. , Pavlesen Sonja , Ablove Robert H.
Published: February 2023

Background:

Corticosteroid injection (CSI) has a relatively high benefit-to-risk ratio and is commonly administered to treat musculoskeletal conditions. However, perioperative CSI has been associated with an increased risk of postoperative infection. The literature suggests delaying surgery after CSI to minimize the risk of postoperative infection. We review the literature to summarize the most current knowledge on the association between perioperative CSI and infection rates for different hand and upper extremity procedures.

Methods:

Two independent reviewers conducted a literature search using PubMed and Web of Science databases (through October 1, 2022). The database searches used were (((injection) AND (infection)) AND (risk)) AND ((hand) OR (wrist) OR (elbow) OR (shoulder)). English-language articles were screened for infection rates associated with CSI given temporally around upper extremity surgery, focusing between 6 months preoperatively and 1 month postoperatively.

Results:

Nineteen articles including database queries and retrospective case-control or cohort studies were used after screening 465 articles. Most infection rates were increased in hand, wrist, elbow, and shoulder surgery between 3 months preoperatively and 1 month postoperatively. Intraoperative injection during elbow arthroscopy demonstrated increased infection rate relative to other upper extremity surgeries.

Conclusions:

Corticosteroid injection increased the risk of infection temporally around upper extremity surgeries; however, CSI provides benefits. The consensus regarding CSI timeline perioperatively has yet to be determined. The evidence supports an increased benefit-to-risk ratio when giving corticosteroids greater than 3 months preoperatively and greater than 1 month postoperatively for most upper extremity procedures, with relative contraindications within 1 month of upper extremity surgery.
A comparison of low- versus standard-dose bridging alteplase in acute ischemic stroke mechanical thrombectomy using indirect methods
Authors: Zheng Wei , Lei Hanhan , Ambler Gareth , Werring David J. , Lin Huiying , Lin Xiaojuan , Tang Yi , Wu Jing , Lin Zhaomin , Liu Nan , Du Houwei
Published: February 2023

Background:

Whether low-dose alteplase is similar to standard-dose bridging alteplase prior to endovascular mechanical thrombectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains uncertain.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety outcomes of low- versus standard-dose bridging alteplase therapy (BT) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) who are eligible for intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) within 4.5 h after onset.

Methods:

We conducted an indirect comparison of low- versus standard-dose bridging alteplase before mechanical thrombectomy in AIS of current available clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared direct mechanical thrombectomy treatment (dMT) to BT. Primary efficacy outcomes were functional independence and excellent recovery defined as a dichotomized modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0–2 and 0–1 at 90 days. Safety outcomes included symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and any intracranial hemorrhage (ICH).

Results:

We included six RCTs of 2334 AIS patients in this analysis, including one trial using low-dose bridging alteplase ( n = 103) and five trials using standard-dose bridging alteplase ( n = 1067) against a common comparator (dMT). Indirect comparisons of low- to standard-dose bridging alteplase yielded an odds ratio (OR) of 0.84 (95% CI 0.47–1.50) for 90-day mRS 0–2, 1.18 (95% CI 0.65–2.12) for 90-day mRS 0–1, 1.21 (95% CI 0.44–3.36) for mortality, and 1.11 (95% CI 0.39–3.14) for successful recanalization. There were no significant differences in the odds for sICH (OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.32–3.41) or any ICH (OR 1.71, 95% CI 0.94–3.10) between low- and standard-dose bridging alteplase.

Conclusion:

Indirect evidence shows that the effects of low- and standard-dose bridging alteplase are similar for key efficacy and safety outcomes. Due to the wide confidence intervals, larger randomized trials comparing low- and standard-dose alteplase bridging therapy are required.
FIFA 11+ Kids: Challenges in implementing a prevention program
Authors: Franchina Méline , Turati Marco , Tercier Stéphane , Kwiatkowski Barbara
Published: February 2023

Purpose:

Soccer is a popular sport among children and adolescents that exposes to a high risk of injury. Several prevention programs, including the FIFA 11+ Kids program have been developed to decrease this injury rate. The aim of the study was to investigate the knowledge and use of the FIFA 11+ Kids program among soccer coaches of skeletally immature soccer players in a Swiss canton and analyze difficulties of implementing such a prevention program.

Materials & methods:

First, an online survey was sent to all soccer coaches involved in Swiss training programs for male players from 7 to 13 years of age. Coaches were identified through existing Swiss coaching networks. A total of 237 coaches completed the survey. Second, the FIFA 11+ Kids program was implemented in three soccer teams (players from 7 to 13 years of age) during 6 months in the same canton. Utilization of FIFA 11+ Kids program and compliance of coaches were recorded by the research staff.

Results:

Around 84% of the included coaches in the survey were certified. Of those, 59% had been taught injury prevention during their course(s). Only 14% of the included coaches knew one of the FIFA programs (11, 11+, 11+ Kids), of those, about one-third (10 out of 237) used the FIFA 11+ Kids program. After 6 months, none of the soccer coaches applied the entire FIFA 11+ Kids program twice a week. One coach had completely abandoned the program. The main reasons for their disapproval were the time and surveillance needed and the players’ lack of motivation. They stated, however, that the exercises were good if used occasionally.

Conclusion:

Injury prevention should be integrated in every soccer coach education courses. An adaptation of the FIFA 11+ Kids program should be considered, especially for the youngest players.
Osteochondritis dissecans of the knee in adolescents: How to treat them?
Authors: Cabral Joao , Duart Julio
Published: February 2023

Background:

Osteochondritis dissecans is an acquired condition of the joint that affects the articular surface and the subchondral bone. The juvenile form of osteochondritis dissecans presents in those aged 5–16 years with open growth plates. The causes of osteochondritis dissecans are unknown.

Methods:

The goals of treatment are to promote healing of the subchondral bone and prevent chondral collapse, subsequent fracture, osteochondral defect formation, and early joint degeneration. Treatment modality is influenced on clinical symptoms, skeletal maturity, as well as the size, stability, and location of the lesion. This article will review the treatment strategies of juvenile form of osteochondritis dissecans of medial femoral condyle and of atypical regions, such as lateral femoral condyle, patellofemoral joint, and tibial plateau.

Level of evidence:

level III.
Clinical considerations of anatomy and magnetic resonance imaging in pediatric meniscus tear, with imaging-based treatment options
Authors: Cabral Joao , Sinikumpu Jaakko
Published: February 2023

Background:

The incidence of meniscal tears in children has been increasing. Early sport specialization, more intense training activity, and increasing participation in competitive sports may have affected to that increasing trend. Diagnosing acute menisci tear in children is based on suggestive clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings. There are special particulars in immature menisci, due to relatively good vascular supply. Furthermore, growing skeleton makes differences in injury pattern, and a clinician needs to recognize not only meniscus but also potential injuries in growth plates and ligaments, which are usual in connection with pediatric meniscus leasion. Clinical and imaging investigation prior to treatment is crucial, because non-operative care is considerable, to achieve spontaneous healing, especially in peripherial tears of younger children. Second, repair is preferred always as possible, in spite of resection due to high rate of long-term sequelae after partial meniscectomy. High standard preoperative imaging aid in preparing to the meniscus sparing arthroscopic intervention.

Methods:

In this current concept article, the clinical considerations of imaging the injured pediatric knee with a suspected meniscus tear and the treatment options by the imaging findings are reviewed.

Level of evidence:

level III.
Early arteriopathy in Aicardi–Goutières syndrome 5. Case report and review of literature
Authors: Markovic Ivana , Jocic-Jakubi Bosanka , Milenkovic Zoran
Published: February 2023

Aicardi–Goutières syndrome (AGS) is an autosomal recessive disease that mimics congenital viral infection and mainly affects the brain, immune system, and skin. The dominant clinical symptom is the subacute onset of severe encephalopathy, which manifests as irritability, loss of ability, slowing of head growth, and poor nutrition. Arteriopathy in AGS is an uncommon manifestation usually associated with mutations in the SAMHD1 gene. We present a rare case of a 3-year-old male due to failure to thrive, global developmental delay, microcephaly, poor vision, upper and lower limbs spasticity, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), who harbored early stenotic lesions of the large and medium intracranial arteries with ischemic sequelae in the early postnatal life. Performed genetic testing confirmed homozygous gene mutation, SAMHD1 associated with AGS type 5. By reviewing the available literature, we were able to find only one patient whose arterial lesions were diagnosed after 6 months.
Integrating workplace meetings and team creative process literature: A multi-level perspective
Authors: Murugavel Vignesh R. , Reiter-Palmon Roni
Published: February 2023

Expanding existing meeting typologies, this paper introduces a model of the team creative process in meetings to better capture and study the full breath of meeting activity that results in creative outcomes. The primary goal of this work is to describe the processes that occur in the team creative process in meetings at the individual and team levels. A multi-level model that depicts the emergence of team creative cognitive processes from individual-level cognitions is presented. The nature of emergence of team creative processes is detailed. Research on creativity and meetings is integrated to better understand how meeting design characteristics influence creative output. This review of research is distilled to provide practical recommendations to best construct meetings to facilitate individual and team creativity. Additionally, the role of related team states in creative processes meetings is outlined. Finally, paths for future research on creativity in meetings are discussed.
Conspiracy Theories and White Supremacy on YouTube: Exploring Affiliation and Legitimation Strategies in YouTube Comments
Authors: Inwood Olivia , Zappavigna Michele
Published: February 2023

Misinformation and hate speech are prevalent issues in social media research, as well as the rise of far-right extremists, white supremacists, and conspiracy theorists. In response to these concerns about unethical behavior on social media, this article explores how underlying social bonds proposed by conspiracists are discursively negotiated in YouTube comments. Through close qualitative analysis of a corpus of comments about the Notre Dame Cathedral fire, a target of xenophobic and conspiratorial claims, the study identifies the range of recurrent textual personae who respond to the conspiracy theories in the videos. The analytical focus is on the values these personae express and the discursive legitimation strategies used to strengthen their claims. This article is methodologically grounded in a social semiotic approach. Seven textual personae are identified in the dataset that each realizes a particular patterning of social bonds and legitimation strategies, for example, “Educators” legitimated the authority of experts and explained why content was false, while “White Supremacists” and “Inciters” sanctioned technology and negatively evaluated particular social groups. The method employed identifies the attitudinal positions and legitimation strategies that are at the heart of the various ideologies underlying conspiracy theories. It is a step toward developing approaches for combating misinformation and hate speech that are targeted at the key values of specific communities, and avoid overgeneralizing the motivations to produce and consume conspiratorial discourse. This approach is important since arguing logical points alone, without considering the key bonds people share, is unlikely to help in combating conspiratorial discourses.
Child Trafficking Continues to Thrive, A Better Coordination Needed to Combat it
Authors: Kumar Suresh
Published: February 2023

Child trafficking is in fact a demand-driven problem. There are industries which run on the nimble fingers of children. The Bangle industry is one such industry among many others. Traffickers target the most vulnerable children. The offence of trafficking spans two or more two states. It makes prosecution of the traffickers difficult. The kind of energy, synergy, time and money required is hard to arrange as survivors of child trafficking belong to marginalised sections of society. The survivors do not go back to the place of rescue where they were trafficked, engaged and exploited. This results in traffickers committing the offence of child trafficking with impunity. India does not have a victim-centric comprehensive legislation on human trafficking to combat it. There is no dedicated working mechanism to combat human trafficking that works well. Anti-Human Trafficking Units across the country have remained on the papers. The Conviction rate in the crime of human trafficking is 1.5%, according to the National Crime Records Bureau 2021.
Changes in Smoking Prevalence from Adolescence to Adulthood among Asian Americans: Evidence of Selective Acculturation across Gender
Authors: Ahmmad Zobayer , Korinek Kim , Wen Ming , Adkins Daniel E.
Published: February 2023

It is well established that immigrant adolescents have lower smoking rates than their native-born counterparts. Although smoking rates among immigrants have been theorized to increase with U.S. acculturation, this hypothesis has seldom been tested using longitudinal data spanning multiple developmental stages. The authors address this limitation using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health to model age-based smoking trajectories by gender and nativity status among Asian Americans (ages 10–33 years), adjusting for a range of control covariates. Trajectory analyses indicate that the gap between immigrants and natives generally increases as individuals age, but this process varies by gender, with immigrant women exhibiting a significantly less steep smoking growth trajectory ( b = −.011, p < .001) compared with native-born men (and all other nativity-gender combinations), whereas immigrant men show no significant smoking trajectory slope difference compared with native men. In summary, results suggest a gendered acculturation process for smoking behavior among Asian Americans.
How Americans Assess Intimate Partner Violence: Evidence from a Survey Experiment
Authors: Groggel Anne , Rojas Fabio
Published: February 2023

Most Americans view intimate partner violence as wrong. Less is known, however, about how the general population evaluates threats from romantic partners. When do third parties support interventions such as police involvement, restraining orders, or prohibiting the abuser from owning a gun? Through a survey-based experiment, participants reacted to a separated dating relationship scenario in which three elements were manipulated: the race of the couple, the medium of communication between the perpetrator and the victim, and whether the male character referenced a gun. Using a structural equation model, the authors find that the inclusion of a gun dramatically increases concern, which in turn fosters support for interventions. However, participants’ race and gender and the race of the couple shape these effects. When the victims in the separated dating scenario are Black, participants were less likely to call for the abuser to be prohibited from owning a gun, even when they have expressed concern about the situation. This suggests that although a gun has a clear and strong effect, racial and gender effects are more complex.
Progressive use of nanocomposite hydrogels materials for regeneration of damaged cartilage and their tribological mechanical properties
Authors: Sagar Prem , Kumar Gitesh , Handa Amit
Published: February 2023

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a non-inflammatory deteriorating debilitating state that bring about remarkable health and economic issues globally. Break down/deterioration of the articular cartilage (AC) is one of the pathologic characteristics of osteoarthritis (OA). Nanocomposite hydrogels (NCH) materials are evolving as a potential class of scaffolds for organ regeneration and tissue engineering. In recent years, innovative hydrogels specifically loaded with nanoparticles have been developed and synthesized with the goal of changing conventional cartilage treatments. The detailed development of a tailored nanocomposite hydrogels (NCH) material utilized for tissue engineering is presented in this review study. Also, the mechanical characteristics, particularly the tribological behavior, of these produced NCH have been highlighted. Large amounts of research and data on the hydrogel substance utilized in cartilage healing are summarized in the current review study. When determining future research gaps in the area of hydrogels for cartilage regeneration, such information will provide researchers an advantage to further develop NCH.
Modernism on the margins: A genealogy of Namibia’s (post-)apartheid spaces
Authors: Müller-Friedman Fatima , Friedman John
Published: February 2023

Namibian spaces have been shaped, transformed, and ordered according to the ideas and practices propagated by the Modern Movement. These ideas were originally transferred from Europe and adapted to the South African context, then subsequently introduced to Namibia via South African institutions, urban practitioners, and architects. However, the modernist design ideas reached the empire’s margins in an altered and often contradictory form, and with quite different social, political and economic intentions. Their deployment in support of the colonial/apartheid project in Namibia resulted in a recalcitrant and enduring legacy. Today, more than three decades after the fall of apartheid, space-making practices continue to work in-line with this inherited spatial fabric. This paper unpacks this modern spatial genealogy in Namibia, offering an example of the discursive power of built form.
Exploring the affective dimension of climate adaptation discourse: Political fantasies in German adaptation policy
Authors: Remling Elise
Published: February 2023

Critical adaptation research has documented how climate change adaptation responses largely tend to maintain rather than change the status quo. Building and expanding on these literatures, this article draws on poststructuralist discourse theory, specifically its notion of political fantasy, to explore further how these prevalent techno-managerial approaches to adaptation operate and what it might be that makes them seem appealing. Based on an exploratory, qualitative analysis of how affect (emotions) and fantasy are at play in the German government discourse on adaptation, the article discerns four specific forms that fantasy takes in official documents: (1) fantasies of control and preparedness, (2) fantasies of objectivity and reason, (3) fantasies of a shared sense of place, and (4) fantasies about ‘the good life’. These support the common narrative for how to adapt to climate change in the German context – primarily in a way that does not challenge or change the social order. The findings show that German adaptation policy is sustained and legitimised by fantasmatic elements that seek to speak to a-rational desires and provide important affective anchor points for collective identification, especially those evoking a shared sense of place. In other words, the German adaptation policy discourse is not constructed only at the level of rational argumentation, but very much so on the level of affect. In demonstrating this, the article makes the case for placing political fantasy into the analytical and theoretical vocabulary within critical adaptation research.
Conservation violence: Paradoxes of “making live” and “letting die” in anti-poaching practices
Authors: de Jong Marlotte , Butt Bilal
Published: February 2023

Wildlife poaching has been and continues to be of significant concern to environmental sustainability. While descriptions of poaching often include vivid details about the animal victims and the heroics of those fighting to conserve biodiversity, ambiguity still surrounds ‘the poacher.’ Clarifying the identity of a poacher is necessary to expose a societal tendency to enforce stereotypes on others that perpetuate violence and inequality. Without knowing the identity of a poacher, it becomes easy for society to impose unsubstantiated beliefs upon them that legitimize unjust and violent policies. This research examines how (1) the media and (2) conservation actors construct the identity and context of the poacher to understand how and why violent protected area policies like shoot-to-kill have become accepted conservation strategies. Through a systematic analysis of news articles and primary interviews with conservation actors, we demonstrate how poachers are anonymized, dehumanized, and placed in a space of exception to become legitimate and justifiable targets of violence. We conclude by examining a central paradox that emerges from the state's biopolitical use of violent anti-poaching policies: how does a form of authority that is fundamentally justified in its claims to protect life condone the use of deadly force on its own subjects?
Step-by-Step Stereotactic Radiotherapy Planning of Brain Metastasis: A Guide to Radiation Oncologists—the ROSE Case (Radiation Oncology from Simulation to Execution)
Authors: Patro Kanhu Charan , Avinash Ajitesh , Pradhan Arya , Boya Rakesh Reddy , Kundu Chittaranjan , Bhattacharyya Partha Sarathi , Pilaka Venkata Krishna Reddy , Muvvala Mrutyunjayarao , Prabu Arunachalam Chithambara , Kumar Ayyalasomayajula Anil , Aketi Srinu , Prasad Parasa , Priyasha Venkata Naga , Avidi Veera Surya Premchand Kumar , Atchaiyalingam Mohanapriya , Karthikeyan Keerthiga
Published: February 2023

Brain metastasis is seen in 10% to 20% of all adult cancer patients. One of the main modalities of treatment is stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Here, we describe the step by step procedure for stereotactic planning of brain metastasis by using a clinical scenario. The management of brain metastasis starts with the clinical evaluation of the patient followed by imaging and SRS treatment in the present case. The paper highlights the sequential process of radiation planning for SRS—starting from simulation, planning, evaluation of plan, and treatment.
Study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial of personalized exercise therapy and self-management support for people with multimorbidity: The MOBILIZE study
Authors: Skou Søren T , Nyberg Mette , Dideriksen Mette , Overgaard Jan A , Bodilsen Christine , Soja Anne MB , Attarzadeh Amir P , Bieder Manuel J , Dridi Nadia P , Heltberg Andreas , Gæde Peter H , Reventlow Johan L , Arnfred Sidse , Bodtger Uffe , Thygesen Lau C , Jäger Madalina , Bricca Alessio
Published: February 2023

Background

Despite the great individual and societal burden associated with multimorbidity, little is known about how to effectively manage it.

Objective

The aim of this multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to investigate the 12-month effects of a personalized exercise therapy and self-management support program in addition to usual care in people with multimorbidity.

Design

This is a protocol for a pragmatic, parallel-group (1:1 ratio), superiority RCT conducted at five intervention sites (two hospitals, a private practice physiotherapy clinic and two municipal rehabilitation centers) in Region Zealand, Denmark. A total of 228 persons with multimorbidity aged 18 years or older, will be randomly allocated to one of two groups. Both groups will receive usual care, defined as routine care for multimorbidity at the discretion of the treating doctor, while the intervention group will also participate in a 12-week exercise therapy and self-management support program tailored to people with multimorbidity at one of the intervention sites. The primary outcome will be the between-group difference in change in EQ-5D-5L from baseline to the follow-up at 12 months. Secondary outcomes include objectively-measured physical function and physical activity, inflammatory markers, disease and treatment burden, anxiety, depression, stress, sleep, pain and other self-reported parameters. In parallel with the RCT, an observational cohort will follow persons aged ≥18 years with multimorbidity not adhering to all eligibility criteria, as well as people fulfilling all eligibility criteria, but unwilling to participate in the RCT. This study was approved by the Regional Committee on Health Research Ethics for Region Zealand (SJ-857) and results will be communicated in scientific papers, at relevant conferences and to a broader audience.

Discussion

Exercise therapy and self-management support is safe and effective in people with single conditions. However, it is still unclear whether this holds true for individuals with multimorbidity. This pragmatic, multicenter RCT will provide high-quality evidence on the benefits and harms of exercise therapy and self-management support and, if the results support it, lead to the development of a plan for implementation in clinical practice.
Thrombogenic potential of picomolar coagulation factor XIa is mediated by thrombin wave propagation
Authors: Parunov Leonid A. , Liang Yideng , Lu Qijin , Shibeko Alexey M. , Tucker Erik I. , Lee Timothy K. , Ataullakhanov Fazoil I. , Scott Dorothy E. , Ovanesov Mikhail V.
Published: February 2023

Inhibitors of coagulation factor XIa (FXIa) are currently being investigated as potential anticoagulant therapies. We hypothesize that circulating FXIa could be a potential target for these therapies. Using previous analyses of FXIa impurities in immune globulin products involved in thrombotic adverse events, we estimated that picomolar levels of FXIa can be thrombogenic. In an in vitro clot-growth assay, 0.1-3 pM of FXIa did not, by itself, activate clotting but increased the size of growing clots. Spatio-temporal reconstruction of thrombin activity inside the clot revealed that FXIa’s effect was limited to the clot-plasma interface, in which FXIa produced a taller than standard wave of thrombin. Factor-depleted plasma and a panel of selective anti-FXIa antibodies showed that exogenous FXIa effects are (1) blocked by anti-FXIa antibodies, (2) independent of FXI activation inside the clot, and (3) larger than the contribution of in situ FXIa. In a thrombin generation (TG) assay, picomolar FXIa did not initiate TG but rather promoted TG triggered by tissue factor or thrombin, suggesting that the effect of FXIa on the thrombin wave is mediated by the elevation of thrombin-triggered TG. In circulating bovine blood, low doses of human FXIa did not initiate clotting but increased the size of stenosis-triggered thrombi. FXIa injection in mice enhanced TG in plasma for at least 6 hours ex vivo, confirming the persistence of circulating FXIa. Our findings suggest that picomolar levels of circulating FXIa may not be able to initiate thrombosis but can facilitate thrombus growth through the facilitation of TG inside the clot.