bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A fully coupled thermo-poroelastic model for energy extraction in naturally fractured geothermal reservoirs: sensitivity analysis and flow simulation
Authors: Abdel Azim Reda , Alatefi Saad , Aljehani Abdulrahman
Published: July 2024

The development of a novel method for modelling fluid flow and heat transfer in naturally fractured geothermal reservoirs represents a significant advancement in geothermal energy research. This Study presents a hybrid approach, which combines discrete fracture and single continuum techniques, to effectively capture the complex interactions between fluid flow and heat transfer in geothermal fractured reservoirs. In addition, the incorporation of the local thermal nonequilibrium method for simulating heat transmission accounts for the disparities in temperature between the rock matrix and the fluid, providing a more realistic representation of heat transfer processes. The study also presents a fully coupled thermo-poro-elastic framework that integrates fluid flow and heat transfer to comprehensively evaluate reservoir responses to injection/production scenarios. This coupled approach allows for the prediction of changes in reservoir properties, such as permeability and porosity, under varying fluid pressure and temperature conditions. The application of the proposed model to evaluate a geothermal reservoir’s long-term response to injection/production scenarios provides valuable insights into the reservoir’s behaviour and potential energy production capacity. The sensitivity analysis further enhances the model’s utility by identifying the key reservoir parameters that significantly influence the thermal depletion of the reservoir. Overall, this novel modelling approach holds promise for improving the understanding and management of naturally fractured geothermal reservoirs, contributing to the optimization of geothermal energy extraction strategies.
The Essential and Optimal Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Medicines for Athletes at the Olympic Games
Authors: Stuart Mark , Farooq Mohammed , Thomas Trudy , Mohamed-Ali Nada , Al-Maadheed Mohammed , Mohamed-Ali Vidya
Published: July 2024

Background

In 2019, the International Olympic Committee published the first Olympic and Paralympic Model Formulary (OPF), which defined the standardised set of medications required at every Olympic and Paralympic Games for the treatment of athletes. This study aimed to test the OPF to determine whether it meets the clinical needs of the athlete population with respect to medications used for pain and/or inflammation (PI), and to present a revised set of essential PI medications for the OPF based on prevalence of athlete use. Medication-use data of athletes at the Tokyo 2020 and Beijing 2022 Olympic Games (n = 6155) from three sources were used to establish prevalence of PI medicine use and to revise the OPF: (i) doping control forms, (ii) pharmacy dispensing reports, and (iii) injection declaration forms. This revised list was further validated through (iv) medication importation declarations by teams (n = 156), and (v) survey of team physicians (n = 382).

Results

Overall prevalence of PI medication use was 36.7%, with higher use by female athletes (female: 44.1%; male: 30.0%; p < 0.001), with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs being the most used class (27%). Use of medications with safety risks were identified, including nimesulide, piroxicam and metamizole. A revised list of 48 PI medications was recommended for the OPF.

Conclusion

The research led to a revised set of essential medications for the treatment of pain and inflammation to be available for athletes at the Olympic Games, which would lead to a 7% improvement in the numbers of athletes who could have their exact PI medication requirements met by the OPF.
Augmentation genioplasty using discarded bone fragments following proximal segment osteotomy of the ramus in intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO)
Authors: Kang Sang-Hoon , Lee Chan-Young , Jun Taek-Geun , Kang Min-Jun
Published: July 2024

Background

Based on a three-dimensional (3D) orthognathic simulation, this technical report introduces a method for augmentation genioplasty using a proximal bone fragment of the mandible, which is typically discarded in intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO).

Results

A 43-year-old female patient diagnosed with Class III malocclusion, presenting with a protruding mandible and long facial height, underwent surgical treatment. The surgical plan involved mandibular setback position using IVRO and augmentation genioplasty. The 3D orthognathic surgery including augmentation genioplasty simulation was performed. An excessively elongated proximal segment was sectioned following IVRO. The inferior part of the sectioned proximal bone fragment of the mandible was positioned to align with the requirements of advancement genioplasty. After ensuring that the placement of the fragment matched that of the simulated surgery, each bone fragment was fixed. At 1.5 years post-surgery, the grafted bone on the augmentation genioplasty was well maintained, with slight bone resorption.

Conclusions

Augmentation genioplasty using the proximal bone fragment of the mandible, which is typically discarded in IVRO, reduces the surgical complications associated with chin osteotomy. When a secondary genioplasty is required, genioplasty with osteotomy, movement of the cut bone fragments, partial bone-shaving osteotomy, and additional bone grafting are viable options.
Remittance outflow, financial development and macroeconomic indicators: evidence from the UK
Authors: Periola Ololade , Salami Monsurat Foluke
Published: July 2024

Remittances have become a significant component of international capital flows, with millions of migrants sending billions of dollars back to their home countries annually. However, the way these outflows affect macroeconomic variables has not received sufficient attention in the literature, especially in the context of varying levels of financial development. Using time series data from 1987 to 2022 for the United Kingdom, this study examines the macroeconomic effects of remittance outflows and financial development. Our baseline estimation using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag model reveals heterogeneous impacts, as remittance outflows adversely affect economic growth but improve exchange rates. We find remittances do not have a significant effect on inflation or bank rates. The moderating effect of financial development analysis reveals a similar outcome. Our results suggest governments should consider stimulus policies that support investment in productive sectors to improve macroeconomic indicators and facilitate financial inclusion to enhance the adoption of growth strategies that promote remittances.
Combined effects of functional task training with electrical stimulation on motor abilities and balance in children with diplegia
Authors: Mousa Randa A. , Elhadidy Eman E. , Ali Walaa M.
Published: July 2024

Background

Children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (CP) often demonstrate gluteus medius weakness that causes balance deficits and frequent falling during walking.

Purpose

The aim of the study was to evaluate the combined effects of functional task training with electrical stimulation of bilateral hip abductor muscles on motor abilities (standing and walking) and balance in children with spastic diplegic CP.

Methods

Thirty children with diplegic CP of both sexes whose ages ranged from 7 to 10 years were assigned randomly into two equal groups. For both groups, motor abilities were assessed by gross motor function measure (GMFM), and balance (static and dynamic) was assessed by the humac balance system before and after the study. The control group received a functional training program focusing on standing walking and balance exercises. While children in the study group received the same functional training program with bilateral electrical stimulation of gluteus medius muscles for 50 min. The treatment program for both groups was conducted for 3 sessions/week for 8 weeks.

Results

There were statistically significant differences between the control and study group post-treatment in GMFM as well as the center of pressure test and weight shift test in favor of the study group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Using functional task training with electrical stimulation for treatment of children with spastic diplegic CP have significant effects on improving their motor abilities and balance that suggests using it in rehabilitation for these children.
Neoadjuvant Osimertinib for the Treatment of Stage I-IIIA Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor–Mutated Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Phase II Multicenter Study
Authors: Blakely Collin M. , Urisman Anatoly , Gubens Matthew A. , Mulvey Claire K. , Allen Greg M. , Shiboski Stephen C. , Rotow Julia K. , Chakrabarti Turja , Kerr D. Lucas , Aredo Jacqueline V. , Bacaltos Bianca , Gee Megan , Tan Lisa , Jones Kirk D. , Devine W. Patrick , Doebele Robert C. , Aisner Dara L. , Patil Tejas , Schenk Erin L. , Bivona Trever G. , Riess Jonathan W. , Coleman Melissa , Kratz Johannes R. , Jablons David M.
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE

To assess the safety and efficacy of the third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor osimertinib as neoadjuvant therapy in patients with surgically resectable stage I-IIIA EGFR-mutated non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

This was a multi-institutional phase II trial of neoadjuvant osimertinib for patients with surgically resectable stage I-IIIA (American Joint Committee on Cancer [AJCC] V7) EGFR-mutated (L858R or exon 19 deletion) NSCLC (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03433469 ). Patients received osimertinib 80 mg orally once daily for up to two 28-day cycles before surgical resection. The primary end point was major pathological response (MPR) rate. Secondary safety and efficacy end points were also assessed. Exploratory end points included pretreatment and post-treatment tumor mutation profiling.

RESULTS

A total of 27 patients were enrolled and treated with neoadjuvant osimertinib for a median 56 days before surgical resection. Twenty-four (89%) patients underwent subsequent surgery; three (11%) patients were converted to definitive chemoradiotherapy. The MPR rate was 14.8% (95% CI, 4.2 to 33.7). No pathological complete responses were observed. The ORR was 52%, and the median DFS was 40.9 months. One treatment-related serious adverse event (AE) occurred (3.7%). No patients were unable to undergo surgical resection or had surgery delayed because of an AE. The most common co-occurring tumor genomic alterations were in TP53 (42%) and RBM10 (21%).

CONCLUSION

Treatment with neoadjuvant osimertinib in surgically resectable (stage IA-IIIA, AJCC V7) EGFR-mutated NSCLC did not meet its primary end point for MPR rate. However, neoadjuvant osimertinib did not lead to unanticipated AEs, surgical delays, nor result in a significant unresectability rate.
Sleep Duration Alters Overfeeding-mediated Reduction in Insulin Sensitivity
Authors: Singh Prachi , Beyl Robbie A , Marlatt Kara L , Ravussin Eric
Published: July 2024

Context

Weight gain and sleep restriction both reduce insulin sensitivity. However, it is not known if sleep duration alters glucose metabolism in response to overfeeding.

Objective

To examine the effect of sleep duration on overfeeding-mediated alterations in carbohydrate metabolism and insulin sensitivity.

Methods

Retrospective exploratory analysis of a longitudinal overfeeding study in healthy participants (n = 28, age: 26.9 ± 5.5 years, body mass index: 25.74 ± 2.45 kg/m2). After providing baseline study measures, participants were overfed 40% above weight maintenance calorie requirements for 8 weeks. Insulin sensitivity was determined by a 2-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Baseline habitual sleep duration was estimated by accelerometry, and sleep groups were created based on median sleep duration (5.2 hours/night).

Results

Overfeeding led to an average body weight gain of 7.3 ± .4 kg. Habitual sleep duration did not alter overfeeding-mediated body weight gain, fat gain, and fat distribution (all P > .15). Compared to participants with more sleep, fasting insulin (P = .01) and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (P = .02) increased while fasting glucose remained unchanged (P = .68) with overfeeding in participants with shorter sleep duration. Glucose infusion rate during high insulin dose was reduced with overfeeding in participants with short sleep duration but not in participants with more sleep (P < .01).

Conclusion

Overfeeding mediated weight gain reduced liver, adipose, and whole-body insulin sensitivity prominently in individuals with short sleep duration but not in individuals with longer sleep duration. This suggests that promoting adequate sleep during short periods of overeating may prevent detrimental effects on glucose metabolism.
Navegando o futuro: educação empreendedora e tecnológica para impacto social
Authors: Soster Tatiana , Kelday Nathalia
Published: July 2024

Objetivo: apresentar uma prática pedagógica inovadora no contexto da graduação em administração, desenvolvida a partir das premissas da Educação Maker e da experiência da Edstation.
Escopo: o artigo descreve detalhadamente todas as etapas do projeto pedagógico para criação de seis empreendimentos de impacto social baseado em tecnologia.
Originalidade: apresenta uma proposta pedagógica não convencional no campo de ensino de administração.
Relevância: oferece uma proposta pedagógica para outros docentes experimentarem em sala de aula ampliando as possibilidades de impacto social.
Extensão para além do currículo: relato da imersão em formação extensionista
Authors: Nakano Hirai Cassia , Marin Ribas Luciana
Published: July 2024

Objetivo: Compartilhar a experiência da oferta de uma disciplina de imersão em formação extensionista como forma de introdução e engajamento de alunos e alunas ingressantes no curso de graduação em Direito ao programa de extensão da instituição.
Escopo: O artigo descreve as etapas de elaboração da disciplina de imersão em formação extensionista, bem como seus objetivos, características e resultados.
Originalidade: O relato apresenta uma proposta pedagógica inovadora, que introduz a temática e a importância da extensão a alunos e alunas ingressantes no curso de graduação ao mesmo tempo em que os orienta e auxilia na definição e condução de suas trajetórias extensionistas individuais.  
Relevância: O cumprimento da carga horária mínima de extensão tornou-se um requisito obrigatório para todos os estudantes de cursos superiores no Brasil. A experiência da disciplina para a formação extensionista apresenta-se como uma estratégia de preparação dos estudantes para o cumprimento desse requisito de maneira informada e coerente com seus interesses e aspirações.
Generating and determining chiral structures in non-chiral systems
Authors: Τσιτσώνης Δημήτριος
Published: July 2024

Μια ισχυρή τεχνική για τη διάκριση των εναντιομερών ενός χειρικού μορίου είναι η απεικόνιση με έκρηξη Coulomb (CEI). Η τεχνική αυτή μας επιτρέπει να προσδιορίσουμε την αμφίπλευρη φύση (χειρομορφία) ενός μορίου. Στη CEI, το μόριο φορτίζεται χάνοντας πολλά ηλεκτρόνια σε πολύ σύντομο χρονικό διάστημα αλληλεπιδρώντας με το φως. Οι δυνάμεις απώθησης μεταξύ των θετικά φορτισμένων σωματιδίων του μορίου οδηγούν το μόριο να διασπαστεί σε τμήματα-θραύσματα. Με τη μέτρηση των τριών διανυσματικών ορμών (τουλάχιστον) από τεσσάρων θραυσμάτων, μπορεί να προσδιοριστεί η παρατηρούμενη χειρομορφία. Στην παρούσα διατριβή, η CEI προκαλείται από την απορρόφηση ενός και μόνο φωτονίου υψηλής ενέργειας, το οποίο δημιουργεί μια οπή στο εσωτερικό του κελύφους (κέλυφος Κ) του μορίου. Ακολουθεί το φαινόμενο στοιβάδας Auger που οδηγεί το μόριο να διασπαστεί στα επιμέρους ιόντα. Στην παρούσα διατριβή αποφασίσαμε να εργαστούμε με το μόριο του φορμικό οξέος. Διεξήχθησαν δύο διαφορετικά πειράματα. Το πρώτο πείραμα επικεντρώθηκε στη διέγερση ηλεκτρονίων σε διαφορετικές ενεργειακές καταστάσεις, ενώ το δεύτερο πείραμα επικεντρώθηκε στην απευθείας εξαγωγή ενός φωτοηλεκτρονίου στο συνεχές και στη μέτρηση της γωνιακής κατανομής του φωτοηλεκτρονίου στο μοριακό σύστημα. Ο πρωταρχικός στόχος ήταν η αναζήτηση ενός χειρικού σήματος σε ένα καθαρό αχειρικό επίπεδο μόριο υπό τις προηγούμενες διεργασίες ηλεκτρονίων. Τα αποτελέσματα αυτών των ευρημάτων εφαρμόστηκαν περαιτέρω σε δύο ακόμη μόρια.
THE NEGATIVE ASPECTS OF USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR STUDENTS IN SOLVING INDIVIDUAL EDUCATIONAL TASKS
Authors: Rabadanova Raziyat , Seminskaya Elvira , Filatov Alexey
Published: July 2024

The article deals with the problem of the independent use of artificial intelligence in education and its influence in solving educational problems by students and students, the reasons for the use of AI. The purpose of the article is to discuss problematic episodes and search for constructive solutions to neutralize the negative sides, to increase the beneficial effect on solving educational problems of students. The methodology and research methods are based on the analysis of scientific literature and Internet sources in the field of IT technologies in education. The practical research method was implemented in the ascertaining stage of the study, a survey among 12 students of various educational institutions and interviews with people interested in scientific developments. The results of the study revealed the reasons for the use of AI, what tasks it performs for students, what negative manifestations occurred when using this technology, as well as the attitude of respondents to the use of AI in the educational field by students. Considering the topic of using artificial intelligence by students is extremely important, given both the positive and negative sides of this approach. It is necessary to take into account the negative aspects of AI and the fact that the use of AI can make people dependent on neural networks, depriving them of their own knowledge, creativity and self-sufficiency. However, when used correctly, AI can significantly improve the learning process, helping schoolchildren and students learn knowledge faster and more effectively, develop skills and solve educational problems. Conclusions. Therefore, understanding the causes of the problems of using artificial intelligence in education will allow us to find a balance between its advantages and risks, ensuring maximum results and favorable conditions for students.
SOCIO-PEDAGOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF TEENAGERS' INVOLVEMENT IN DESTRUCTIVE ONLINE COMMUNITIES
Authors: Erofeeva Maria , Kharlamova Daria
Published: July 2024

The article examines the impact of the Internet on adolescents in the context of digitalization. The theory of generations is analyzed and socio-psychological portraits of different generations are presented.
The age group (from 14 to 22 years old) is the most dangerous from the point of view of walking in the field of destructive activity. Psychological and social factors are presented, namely the development of self-awareness, an aggravation of a sense of justice, the search for meaning and values of life, instability of the mental state, exposure to influence and manipulation.
The determinants of the involvement of adolescents in destructive online communities are considered: general, which to varying degrees affect all adolescents and individual, which depend on a specific life situation. In turn, the following factors are attributed to common (global) causes: social tension in society, economic inequality, the penetration of crime into various spheres of public life, the crisis of family relations (this reason is the main and system-forming one), the abundance of negative content in the media and the global Internet. The author refers to the individual determinants of the departure of adolescents into destructive online communities: belonging of a teenager to a social group; distortion of the value system in society, which encourages a teenager to seek the meaning of life, accepting the values of a destructive online community; the desire to achieve power and assert himself; vedomosti, suggestibility, low level of critical thinking; rebellion. Also highlighted is the need factor, located at the junction of general and individual determinants of adolescent care in destructive online communities, the satisfaction of which is actively offered by administrators of destructive online communities, which ultimately leads to negative consequences.
As a result of the conducted research, methodological recommendations were developed for parents, employees of juvenile affairs units (hereinafter referred to as PD), which will help teenagers think about the consequences of their behavior and stay safe. The training of future PD employees was also analyzed and recommendations were proposed.
A psychodiagnostic model for assessing the propensity to political volunteering
Authors: Petrov Vladislav
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to the substantiation of psychodiagnostically significant predictors and tools for evaluating the success of volunteer activity. The subject of the study was a model for assessing the propensity for political volunteering. The aim of the study is to develop a diagnostically significant model for assessing the propensity to political volunteering, implementing it in a questionnaire of the same name with subsequent psychometric verification. The methodology of scientific research is based on axiological, subjective-personal, acmeological, humanistic and activity-based approaches in psychology. At different stages of scientific research, the following methods were used: semantic content analysis, analysis of products of activity (participation in socio-political movements), expert survey, psychological testing (V.E. Petrov's questionnaire), self-assessment. The total volume of the empirical sample was 207 people (including 21 experts and 186 volunteers). Mathematical and statistical data processing involved the calculation of descriptive statistics, correlation, factor and regression analyses, which were implemented in the MS Excel and SPSS 13.0 for Windows statpacks. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that, based on factor analysis, eight predictors of successful volunteering have been identified: 1) «Patriotism»; 2) «Decency»; 3) «Sense of justice»; 4) «Responsibility»; 5) «Altruism»; 6) «Social engagement»; 7) «Passion for volunteering»; 8) «Political activity», forming an integral psychodiagnostically significant personality model of a successful volunteer. A regression model of a comprehensive assessment of the propensity to political volunteering has been built. The obtained results can be used in the activities of various political forces and socio-political movements, being the basis for applied psychodiagnostics – in the selection of volunteers, a comprehensive psychological study of their personality, optimization of the training process of future or current volunteers.
Pisarze miejscy w miastach województw ruskiego i bełskiego do końca XVI wieku (problemy badawcze)
Authors: Petryszak Bogdana
Published: July 2024

The municipal chanceries of large cities in the Ruś and Belz voivodeships (especially Lviv, Przemyśl, Drohobych) have extensive literature on the subject, monographs and articles on the organisation, activities, prosopography of municipal clerks, palaeography and codicology of registers of the council. However, only a few works concern smaller cities and towns, due to the condition of the preserved sources, the absence of a historical school, and preliminary researches on the municipal government.
Wardrop Equilibrium Can Be Boundedly Rational: A New Behavioral Theory of Route Choice
Authors: Li Jiayang , Wang Zhaoran , Nie Yu (Marco)
Published: July 2024

As one of the most fundamental concepts in transportation science, Wardrop equilibrium (WE) has always had a relatively weak behavioral underpinning. To strengthen this foundation, one must reckon with bounded rationality in human decision-making processes, such as the lack of accurate information, limited computing power, and suboptimal choices. This retreat from behavioral perfectionism in the literature, however, was typically accompanied by a conceptual modification of WE. Here, we show that giving up perfect rationality need not force a departure from WE. On the contrary, WE can be reached with global stability in a routing game played by boundedly rational travelers. We achieve this result by developing a day-to-day (DTD) dynamical model that mimics how travelers gradually adjust their route valuations, hence choice probabilities, based on past experiences. Our model, called cumulative logit (CumLog), resembles the classical DTD models but makes a crucial change; whereas the classical models assume that routes are valued based on the cost averaged over historical data, our model values the routes based on the cost accumulated. To describe route choice behaviors, the CumLog model only uses two parameters, one accounting for the rate at which the future route cost is discounted in the valuation relative to the past ones and the other describing the sensitivity of route choice probabilities to valuation differences. We prove that the CumLog model always converges to WE, regardless of the initial point, as long as the behavioral parameters satisfy certain mild conditions. Our theory thus upholds WE’s role as a benchmark in transportation systems analysis. It also explains why equally good routes at equilibrium may be selected with different probabilities, which solves the instability problem posed by Harsanyi.

Funding: This research is funded by the National Science Foundation [Grants CMMI #2225087 and ECCS #2048075].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2023.0132 .
Prototipe Augmented Reality Berbasis Mobile untuk Navigasi Pelayaran yang Aman di Wilayah Perairan Selat Madura
Authors: Nugraha Aditya , Pratomo Danar Guruh , Pribadi Cherie Bhekti
Published: July 2024

Menurut Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Surabaya (2018), sebanyak 2066 nelayan di pesisir Kota Surabaya memiliki pendapatan rata-rata Rp 11.000.000,00. Hal tersebut tentunya berbeda antara satu nelayan dengan nelayan yang lain dikarenakan perbedaan sumber daya dan armada kapal. Diberitakan juga melalui Kurniawan (2020), bahwa nelayan-nelayan tersebut membutuhkan alat bantu navigasi seperti Global Positioning System (GPS) dan Handy Talky (HT). Meskipun hal tersebut bisa dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Kota Surabaya, namun alangkah lebih baik apabila difokuskan pada teknologi yang sudah dimliki oleh para nelayan, yaitu smartphone. Dengan menggunakan teknologi Augmented Reality (AR), penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat prototipe AR dalam mengakomodasi kebutuhan keselamatan navigasi pelayaran, khususnya kepada para nelayan. Dalam pembuatannya akan digunakan diagram Unified Modeling Language (UML) tipe use-case yang terintegrasi dengan standar IHO S-100 sebagai dasar pembuatan aplikasi. Pembuatan prototipe AR menggunakan data peta laut nasional dan data batimetri nasional yang nantinya akan dibuat dalam bentuk aplikasi smartphone berbasis android. Aplikasi yang diberi nama Marine Augmented Reality System (MARS) akan memiliki fitur berupa peta 3D berbasis gambar dan simulasi kapal yang bisa digerakkan agar pengguna bisa mempelajari sistem buoy.
Analisa Perubahan Tutupan Lahan Akibat Letusan Gunung Semeru Tahun 2021 dengan Algoritma Random Forest (Studi Kasus: Kecamatan Pronojiwo, Kabupaten Lumajang)
Authors: Hidayat Husnul , Azzahra Erika , Bioresita Filsa
Published: July 2024

Gunung Semeru kembali mengalami erupsi pada 4 Desember 2021 dengan dampak yang diakibatkan cukup besar. Dengan adanya letusan tersebut, terlihat perubahan tutupan lahan yang cukup signifikan pada kawasan di sekitar Gunung Semeru, salah satunya yaitu Kecamatan Pronojiwo, Kabupaten Lumajang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perubahan tutupan lahan pada wilayah yang terdampak letusan dari Gunung Semeru dengan menggunakan teknologi penginderaan jauh. Pemantauan perubahan tutupan lahan menggunakan teknologi penginderaan jauh dengan data multi-temporal (2020 dan 2022) Sentinel-2 Level 2A dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode supervised machine learning dengan algoritma Random Forest (RF). Tutupan lahan yang diamati pada penelitian ini terdiri dari enam kelas tutupan lahan yaitu sungai, lahan terbuka, area terbangun, sawah, hutan lahan kering, dan perkebunan. Berdasarkan hasil uji akurasi dengan menggunakan Confussion matrix diperoleh nilai overall accuracy sebesar 85,02%. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa daerah yang terkena dampak letusan berada di arah tenggara dari puncak Gunung Semeru, dimana pada daerah tersebut terdapat sungai Besuk Kobokan yang merupakan aliran lahar dan lava. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi penambahan luas pada kelas sungai, lahan terbuka, dan hutan lahan kering yaitu sebesar 2,293 , 6,381 , 6,499. Sedangkan untuk kelas sawah, perkebunan, dan area terbangun mengalami penurunan luas sebesar 12,863, 2,495dan 0,445. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa letusan Gunung Semeru tahun 2021 memberikan dampak yang cukup signifikan terhadap tutupan lahan.
Penggunaan Metode Analytic Network Process (ANP) dalam Penentuan Relokasi Bandar Udara Sultan Syarif Kasim II
Authors: Jerry Dennis , Hariyanto Teguh , Darminto Mohammad Rohmaneo
Published: July 2024

Pada Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional (RPJMN) tahun 2020-2024 terdapat usulan mengenai relokasi bandar udara Sultan Syarif Kasim II yang disampaikan oleh Pemerintah Provinsi Riau. Berdasarkan PT. Angkasa Pura II bandar udara Sultan Syarif Kasim II tergolong klasifikasi bandar udara 4D dengan luas bandar udara sebesar 321,21 atau 3,21 km2. Dalam penentuan lokasi bandar udara harus berada pada lokasi yang jauh dari permukiman agar tidak menyebabkan kebisingan pada masyarakat sekitar. Sehingga, Kabupaten Kampar terpilih menjadi lokasi studi. Kabupaten Kampar terletak di Provinsi Riau dan berbatasan langsung dengan Kota Pekanbaru dengan luas wilayah sebesar 11.289,28 km2 dan memiliki jumlah penduduk sebesar 871.117 jiwa. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan pembobotan dengan metode Analytic Network Process. Analytic Network Process merupakan metode pengukuran relatif yang digunakan untuk menurunkan rasio prioritas gabungan dari skala rasio individu yang mencerminkan pengukuran relatif, dari pengaruh elemen-elemen yang saling berinteraksi dengan criteria control. Dari hasil pengolahan pembobotan metode ANP yang dilakukan perhitungan rata-rata geometric dan penyusuan supermatrik didapatkan nilai bobot terbesar yaitu ketinggian lahan sebesar 43 persen. Hasil overlay metode weighted overlay didapatkan Kabupaten Kampar dinilai sesuai sebagai lokasi bandar udara dengan lokasi rekomendasi relokasi bandar udara Sultan Syarif Kasim II yaitu Kelurahan Kota Garo, Kecamatan Tapung Hilir yang dilakukan analisis hasil terhadap Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Kabupaten Kampar Tahun 2019-2039 yang diperoleh hasil bahwa Kelurahan Kota Garo, Kecamatan Tapung Hilir sesuai sebagai relokasi bandar udara Sultan Syarif Kasim II.
Exploring the uses of digital health in palliative care in Southeast Asia
Authors: Narvaez Roison Andro
Published: July 2024

Background:

This integrative review explores the use of digital health technologies in palliative care within Southeast Asia. Despite extensive documentation of digital health in palliative care in Western nations, its application in Southeast Asia remains underdeveloped.

Method:

The review includes a total of four papers meeting the eligibility criteria.

Findings:

The findings reveal limited studies of digital health adoption in palliative care. Key technologies include mobile health applications, electronic health records and telemedicine platforms. Challenges, such as health inequities, data security and the need for technology validation were identified. The review underscores the necessity for region-specific research to address these challenges and improve the integration of digital health in palliative care.

Conclusion:

This study highlights the potential of digital health to enhance palliative care delivery and patient outcomes in Southeast Asia, advocating for increased adoption and tailored implementation strategies.
Inflammatory indexes predict mortality in non-malignant patients in palliative care
Authors: Ceylan Serdar , Akkurt Abbas Faruk , Gurses Mehtap , Aydemir Ayfer , Dede Taylan Ozgur , Acaroglu Ruya , Duran Ugur Fatma Utkan
Published: July 2024

Background:

The literature on the use of inflammatory indexes for palliative care patients without malignancy is scarce.

Aims:

To determine which inflammatory indexes are associated with the mortality risks of non-malignant patients hospitalised and receiving palliative care.

Methods:

Discharged or deceased patients in a palliative care unit of a secondary care hospital were included. The laboratory values were obtained during the first 48 hours of hospitalisation.

Findings:

As a result of univariate Cox regression analysis, 14-day mortality rate was affected by lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil-to-albumin ratio (NAR), C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR), multi-inflammatory indexes (MII-1) and MII-2 (p<0.001, p=0.001, p=0.002, p=0.009 and p=0.003, respectively); NLR, CLR, NAR, CAR, MII-1 and MII-2 (respectively p=0.005, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.001 and p<0.001) affected 28-day mortality rate. Indexes that statistically significantly increased both 14-day and 28-day mortality rates independently of other variables were CLR, NAR, CAR, MII-1 and MII-2.

Conclusion:

High values in inflammatory indexes, including C-reactive protein and albumin increase the risk of 14-day and 28-day mortality rates in palliative care non-malignant patients.
Modifiable factors mediating the effects of educational attainment on gestational diabetes mellitus: A two-step Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Ma Ming-Yue , Zhao Ya-Song
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Although there is currently a wealth of evidence to indicate that maternal educational attainment is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), the specific modifiable risk factors that mediate the causal relationship between these two variables have yet to be identified.

AIM

To identify the specific modifiable risk factors that mediate the causal relationship between the level of maternal education and GDM.

METHODS

Mendelian randomization (MR) was conducted using data from genome-wide association studies of European populations. We initially performed a two-sample MR analysis using data on genetic variants associated with the duration of education as instruments, and subsequently adopted a two-step MR approach using metabolic and lifestyle factors as mediators to examine the mechanisms underlying the relationship between the level of maternal education and risk of developing GDM. In addition, we calculated the proportions of total causal effects mediated by identified metabolic and lifestyle factors.

RESULTS

A genetically predicted higher educational attainment was found to be associated with a lower risk of developing GDM (OR: 0.71, 95%CI: 0.60-0.84). Among the metabolic factors assessed, four emerged as potential mediators of the education-GDM association, which, ranked by mediated proportions, were as follows: Waist-to-hip-ratio (31.56%, 95%CI: 12.38%-50.70%), body mass index (19.20%, 95%CI: 12.03%-26.42%), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (12.81%, 95%CI: 8.65%-17.05%), and apolipoprotein A-1 (7.70%, 95%CI: 4.32%-11.05%). These findings proved to be robust to sensitivity analyses.

CONCLUSION

Our findings indicate a causal relationship between lower levels of maternal education and the risk of developing GDM can be partly explained by adverse metabolic profiles.
Periorbital purpura can be the only initial symptom of primary light chain amyloidosis: A case report
Authors: Wang Xiu-Feng , Li Ting , Yang Man , Huang Yan
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Primary light chain amyloidosis is a rare and complex disease with complex clinical features and is highly susceptible to misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis in the early stages.

CASE SUMMARY

We report a case of a 47-year-old female patient whose only initial symptom was periorbital purpura, which was not taken seriously enough. As the disease progressed, pleural effusion gradually appeared, and after systematic diagnosis and treatment, she was diagnosed with “primary light chain amyloidosis”. She achieved rapid hematological remission after treatment with a daratumumab + bortezomib + cyclophosphamide + dexamethasone regimen.

CONCLUSION

Periorbital purpura can be the only initial symptom of primary light chain amyloidosis; we should pay attention to the cases where the initial clinical symptoms are only periorbital purpura.
Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma of the pancreas: A case report
Authors: Sun Meng-Qing , Guo Li-Na , You Yan , Qiu Yan-Yu , He Xiao-Dong , Han Xian-Lin
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

A sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma (SEF) is a rare malignant fibroblastic soft tissue tumor that rarely occurs in intra-abdominal organs. A case of a SEF in the pancreatic head is reported herein, including its clinical manifestations, preoperative imaging features, gross specimen and pathological findings.

CASE SUMMARY

A 33-year-old male patient was admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital in December 2023 due to a one-year history of intermittent upper abdominal pain and the discovery of a pancreatic mass. The patient underwent an enhanced computed tomography scan of the abdomen, which revealed a well-defined, round mass with clear borders and calcifications in the pancreatic head. The mass exhibited progressive, uneven mild enhancement, measuring approximately 6.6 cm × 6.3 cm. The patient underwent laparoscopic pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy. Postoperative pathological examination revealed that the lesion was consistent with a SEF. At the 3-month postoperative follow-up, the patient did not report any short-term complications, and there were no signs of tumor recurrence.

CONCLUSION

SEFs are rare malignant fibrous soft tissue tumors. SEFs rarely develop in the pancreas, and its preoperative diagnosis depends on imaging findings, with confirmation depending on pathological examination and immunohistochemistry. Currently, only four cases of pancreatic SEF have been reported in studies written in English. This case is the first reported case of a pancreatic SEF by a clinical physician.
Kaygı Duyarlılığı ve Sağlık Kaygısı Arasındaki İlişkide Öz-Şefkatin Aracı Rolü
Authors: Tütüncü Selen , Koçyiğit Esra Gül
Published: July 2024

Bu çalışma yetişkinlerde kaygı duyarlılığı ile sağlık kaygısı arasındaki ilişkiyi ve bu ilişki için aracı olarak öz-şefkat kavramını inceleyerek kavramın aracı rolünü ortaya koymayı hedeflemektedir. Bu hedef doğrultusunda, araştırmaya 18 yaş ve üzeri 290 yetişkin katılımcı dahil edilmiştir. Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 32.11’dir (S = 15.06). Katılımcılara uygulanan ölçek seti katılımcıların sosyodemografik bilgilerini incelemek amacıyla Sosyodemografik Bilgi Formu, kaygı duyarlılıklarını ölçmek amacıyla Kaygı Duyarlığı İndeksi, sağlık kaygısı düzeylerini değerlendirmek amacıyla Sağlık Anksiyetesi Ölçeği ve öz-şefkat düzeylerini değerlendirmek amacıyla Öz-Duyarlık Ölçeğinden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın değişkenleri olan kaygı duyarlılığı, sağlık kaygısı ve öz-şefkat değişkenleri arasındaki ilişkisel sonuçlar istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. Buradan hareketle gerçekleştirilen kaygı duyarlılığının sağlık kaygısı üzerindeki yordayıcı etkisinde öz-şefkatin aracı rolünün sınandığı hiyerarşik çoklu doğrusal medyatör regresyon analizinin sonucuna göre kaygı duyarlılığının sağlık kaygısı üzerindeki yordayıcı etkisinde öz-şefkatin kısmi aracı etki gösterdiği bulunmuştur. Araştırmanın bulguları literatür kapsamında tartışılmıştır. Son olarak, mevcut çalışmanın literatüre katkısı ile, çalışmanın sınırlılıkları ve ilerideki çalışmalar için öneriler sunulmuştur.
Historiography: Why Should Historians Pay More Attention to Philosophy of Technology?
Authors: Schatzberg Eric
Published: July 2024

abstract: The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Technology marks the maturity of the philosophy of technology, which has lagged behind the history of technology as a distinct field. The book’s thirty-two chapters span almost seven hundred pages, written by thirty-four authors from twelve countries. Shannon Vallor, professor of philosophy at University of Edinburgh, edited the volume and wrote its excellent introduction, which provides a historical framing that is largely absent from the rest of the volume. Although many of the remaining chapters are quite strong, the volume as a whole suffers from an unevenness that reflects the conceptual disunity of the field. Nevertheless, the volume shows the value of this field for historians of technology, especially as an alternative to the stale STS theories that many historians of technology draw on.
Da Vinci Medal Address: Material Political Economy
Authors: MacKenzie Donald
Published: July 2024

abstract: On the occasion of the award of the author’s da Vinci Medal in 2022, this article sketches a perspective, material political economy, employed by the author, explaining it by drawing on Marc Bloch’s classic account of the dispute in European feudalism between milling grain on watermills or windmills controlled by feudal superiors, who could exact fees, and common people’s use of hand mills. It considers the material political economy aspects of two modern technologies. The first is automated high-frequency trading in finance, where there are typically conflicts with incumbents and material efforts to favor “market-making” over “aggressive” algorithms. The second is the automated auctioning of digital display advertising opportunities, showing tension between two forms of these auctions’ material organization: centralized auctioning via Google’s systems and decentralized “header bidding.”
Accelerating quad Airy beams-based point response for interferenceless coded aperture correlation holography
Authors: Yang Le , Yang Junpeng , Huang Tao , Rosen Joseph , Wang YuHeng , Wang Huiyang , Lu Xiaoxu , Zhang Weina , Di Jianglei , Zhong Liyun
Published: July 2024

Interferenceless-coded aperture correlation holography (I-COACH) is a promising single-shot 3D imaging method in which a coded phase mask (CPM) is used to encode 3D information about an object into an intensity distribution. However, conventional CPM encoding methods usually lead to intensity dilution, especially in the recording of point spread holograms (PSHs), resulting in low-resolution reconstruction of I-COACH. Here, we propose accelerating quad Airy beams with four mainlobes as a point response to enable weak diffraction propagation and a sharp maximum intensity in the transverse direction. Moreover, the four mainlobes exhibit lateral acceleration in 3D space, so the PSHs in different axial positions show a unique and concentrated intensity distribution on the image sensor, thereby realizing a high-resolution reconstruction of I-COACH. Compared with conventional CPM encoding methods, the proposed accelerating quad Airy-beam-encoding method has superior performance in improving the resolution of I-COACH reconstruction even in the presence of external interference.
Optical cooling of a Yb-doped alumino-phosphosilicate fiber in air by −250 mK
Authors: Chen Chun-Wei , Meehan Bailey , Hawkins Thomas W. , Ballato John , Dragic Peter D. , Boilard Tommy , Bernier Martin , Digonnet Michel J. F.
Published: July 2024

Recent progress in the fabrication of Yb-doped silicate fibers with low concentration quenching and low background absorption loss has led to the demonstration of anti-Stokes-fluorescence cooling in several aluminosilicate compositions. This breakthrough is critical to combat deleterious thermal effects due to the quantum defect in fiber lasers and amplifiers. Since cooling efficiencies remain low (1–2.7%), it is paramount to engineer compositions that improve this metric. We report a silica fiber with a core glass heavily doped with aluminum and phosphorus that sets, to our knowledge, a few new records. This few-mode fiber (16-µm core) was cooled in air by −0.25 K from room temperature with ∼0.5 W of 1040-nm power. The measured cooling efficiency is 3.3% at low pump power and 2.8% at the power that produced maximum cooling. The critical quenching concentration inferred from the measured dependence of cooling on pump power and careful calibration of the pump absorption and saturation is 79 wt.%. The inferred background absorption loss is 15 dB/km. Together with the fiber’s average Yb concentration of 4.2 wt.%, these metrics rank among the best reported in a silica glass.
Signaling through the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in the liver protects against the development of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis
Authors: Jun Heejin , Liu Shanshan , Knights Alexander J. , Zhu Kezhou , Ma Yingxu , Gong Jianke , Lenhart Ashley E. , Peng Xiaoling , Huang Yunying , Ginder Jared P. , Downie Christopher H. , Ramos Erika Thalia , Kullander Klas , Kennedy Robert T. , Xu X. Z. Shawn , Wu Jun
Published: July 2024

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is the progressive form of liver steatosis, the most common liver disease, and substantially increases the mortality rate. However, limited therapies are currently available to prevent MASH development. Identifying potential pharmacological treatments for the condition has been hampered by its heterogeneous and complex nature. Here, we identified a hepatic nonneuronal cholinergic signaling pathway required for metabolic adaptation to caloric overload. We found that cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit (CHRNA2) is highly expressed in hepatocytes of mice and humans. Further, CHRNA2 is activated by a subpopulation of local acetylcholine-producing macrophages during MASH development. The activation of CHRNA2 coordinates defensive programs against a broad spectrum of MASH-related pathogenesis, including steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Hepatocyte-specific loss of CHRNA2 signaling accelerates the disease onset in different MASH mouse models. Activation of this pathway via pharmacological inhibition of acetylcholine degradation protects against MASH development. Our study uncovers a hepatic nicotinic cholinergic receptor pathway that constitutes a cell-autonomous self-defense route against prolonged metabolic stress and holds therapeutic potential for combatting human MASH.
Genome-wide analysis of transcription-coupled repair reveals novel transcription events in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Kose Cansu , Lindsey-Boltz Laura A. , Sancar Aziz , Jiang Yuchao
Published: July 2024

Bulky DNA adducts such as those induced by ultraviolet light are removed from the genomes of multicellular organisms by nucleotide excision repair, which occurs through two distinct mechanisms, global repair, requiring the DNA damage recognition-factor XPC (xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C), and transcription-coupled repair (TCR), which does not. TCR is initiated when elongating RNA polymerase II encounters DNA damage, and thus analysis of genome-wide excision repair in XPC-mutants only repairing by TCR provides a unique opportunity to map transcription events missed by methods dependent on capturing RNA transcription products and thus limited by their stability and/or modifications (5’-capping or 3’-polyadenylation). Here, we have performed eXcision Repair-sequencing (XR-seq) in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans to generate genome-wide repair maps in a wild-type strain with normal excision repair, a strain lacking TCR (csb-1), and a strain that only repairs by TCR (xpc-1). Analysis of the intersections between the xpc-1 XR-seq repair maps with RNA-mapping datasets (RNA-seq, long- and short-capped RNA-seq) reveal previously unrecognized sites of transcription and further enhance our understanding of the genome of this important model organism.