bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contralateral breast cancer risk in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive breast cancer
Authors: Giardiello Daniele , Kramer Iris , Hooning Maartje J. , Hauptmann Michael , Lips Esther H. , Sawyer Elinor , Thompson Alastair M. , de Munck Linda , Siesling Sabine , Wesseling Jelle , Steyerberg Ewout W. , Schmidt Marjanka K.
Published: November 2020

We aimed to assess contralateral breast cancer (CBC) risk in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) compared with invasive breast cancer (BC). Women diagnosed with DCIS (N = 28,003) or stage I–III BC (N = 275,836) between 1989 and 2017 were identified from the nationwide Netherlands Cancer Registry. Cumulative incidences were estimated, accounting for competing risks, and hazard ratios (HRs) for metachronous invasive CBC. To evaluate effects of adjuvant systemic therapy and screening, separate analyses were performed for stage I BC without adjuvant systemic therapy and by mode of first BC detection. Multivariable models including clinico-pathological and treatment data were created to assess CBC risk prediction performance in DCIS patients. The 10-year cumulative incidence of invasive CBC was 4.8% for DCIS patients (CBC = 1334). Invasive CBC risk was higher in DCIS patients compared with invasive BC overall (HR = 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04–1.17), and lower compared with stage I BC without adjuvant systemic therapy (HR = 0.87; 95% CI = 0.82–0.92). In patients diagnosed ≥2011, the HR for invasive CBC was 1.38 (95% CI = 1.35–1.68) after screen-detected DCIS compared with screen-detected invasive BC, and was 2.14 (95% CI = 1.46–3.13) when not screen-detected. The C-index was 0.52 (95% CI = 0.50–0.54) for invasive CBC prediction in DCIS patients. In conclusion, CBC risks are low overall. DCIS patients had a slightly higher risk of invasive CBC compared with invasive BC, likely explained by the risk-reducing effect of (neo)adjuvant systemic therapy among BC patients. For support of clinical decision making more information is needed to differentiate CBC risks among DCIS patients.
Challenges and translational considerations of mesenchymal stem/stromal cell therapy for Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Fričová Dominika , Korchak Jennifer A. , Zubair Abba C.
Published: November 2020

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the presence of Lewy bodies, which gives rise to motor and non-motor symptoms. Unfortunately, current therapeutic strategies for PD merely treat the symptoms of the disease, only temporarily improve the patients’ quality of life, and are not sufficient for completely alleviating the symptoms. Therefore, cell-based therapies have emerged as a novel promising therapeutic approach in PD treatment. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have arisen as a leading contender for cell sources due to their regenerative and immunomodulatory capabilities, limited ethical concerns, and low risk of tumor formation. Although several studies have shown that MSCs have the potential to mitigate the neurodegenerative pathology of PD, variabilities in preclinical and clinical trials have resulted in inconsistent therapeutic outcomes. In this review, we strive to highlight the sources of variability in studies using MSCs in PD therapy, including MSC sources, the use of autologous or allogenic MSCs, dose, delivery methods, patient factors, and measures of clinical outcome. Available evidence indicates that while the use of MSCs in PD has largely been promising, conditions need to be standardized so that studies can be effectively compared with one another and experimental designs can be improved upon, such that this body of science can continue to move forward.
Exclusive enteral nutrition mediates gut microbial and metabolic changes that are associated with remission in children with Crohn’s disease
Authors: Diederen Kay , Li Jia V. , Donachie Gillian E. , de Meij Tim G. , de Waart Dirk R. , Hakvoort Theodorus B. M. , Kindermann Angelika , Wagner Josef , Auyeung Victoria , te Velde Anje A. , Heinsbroek Sigrid E. M. , Benninga Marc A. , Kinross James , Walker Alan W. , de Jonge Wouter J. , Seppen Jurgen
Published: November 2020

A nutritional intervention, exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) can induce remission in patients with pediatric Crohn’s disease (CD). We characterized changes in the fecal microbiota and metabolome to identify the mechanism of EEN. Feces of 43 children were collected prior, during and after EEN. Microbiota and metabolites were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and NMR. Selected metabolites were evaluated in relevant model systems. Microbiota and metabolome of patients with CD and controls were different at all time points. Amino acids, primary bile salts, trimethylamine and cadaverine were elevated in patients with CD. Microbiota and metabolome differed between responders and non-responders prior to EEN. EEN decreased microbiota diversity and reduced amino acids, trimethylamine and cadaverine towards control levels. Patients with CD had reduced microbial metabolism of bile acids that partially normalized during EEN. Trimethylamine and cadaverine inhibited intestinal cell growth. TMA and cadaverine inhibited LPS-stimulated TNF-alpha and IL-6 secretion by primary human monocytes. A diet rich in free amino acids worsened inflammation in the DSS model of intestinal inflammation. Trimethylamine, cadaverine, bile salts and amino acids could play a role in the mechanism by which EEN induces remission. Prior to EEN, microbiota and metabolome are different between responders and non-responders.
Efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants for secondary prevention of cancer associated thrombosis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Desai Ruchi , Koipallil Gautam Krishna , Thomas Nelson , Mhaskar Rahul , Visweshwar Nathan , Laber Damian , Patel Ankita , Jaglal Michael
Published: November 2020

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) may be good alternatives to low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) or vitamin K antagonists (VKA) for treatment of cancer associated thrombosis (CAT). We conducted a meta-analysis of ten randomized clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DOACs in patients with CAT. All had study populations composed in entirety or in part of patients with CAT. The primary outcome (efficacy) was recurrent VTE and the secondary outcomes (safety outcomes) included major bleeding, clinically relevant non-major bleeding (CRNMB), and all bleeding (major bleeding + CRNMB). Participants treated with DOACs had lower risk of recurrent VTE, overall (RR 0.63; 95% CI 0.51–0.79; p < 0.0001), compared to LMWH (RR 0.57; 95% CI 0.40–0.83; p = 0.003), but not compared to VKA (RR 0.69; 95% CI 0.44–1.06; p = 0.09). Compared to LMWH, DOACs showed no difference in major bleeding risk (RR 1.31; 95% CI 0.78–2.18; p = 0.31), though had higher risk of CRNMB (RR 1.60; 95% CI 1.13–2.26; p = 0.008) and all bleeding (RR 1.49; 95% CI 1.10–2.01; p = 0.010). These results indicate that DOACs are more effective than LMWH for prevention of recurrent VTE with CAT though carry an increased risk for non-major bleeding compared to standard of care, LMWH.
Perioperative anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents treatment in patients undergoing vitrectomy for complicated proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Dong-yue , Zhao Xin-yu , Zhang Wen-fei , Meng Li-hui , Chen You-xin
Published: November 2020

Currently, controversies regarding the optimal time-point of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pretreatment before pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) still exist. To clarify this, we conducted a network meta-analysis, 26 randomized controlled trials including 1806 PDR patients were included. Compared with the sham group, performing anti-VEGF injection at preoperative (Pre-Op) 6 to 14 days could significantly improve post-operative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and decrease the incidence of recurrent vitreous hemorrhage (VH). Meanwhile, it could significantly reduce the duration of surgery. Performing anti-VEGF injection at Pre-Op more than 14 days, 6 to 14 days or 1 to 5 days could significantly reduce the incidence of intra-operative bleeding, while no significant benefit existed at the end of PPV (P > 0.05). No significant difference existed between all those strategies and sham group in reducing the rate of silicone oil tamponade. Based on currently available evidence, performing the anti-VEGF pretreatment at pre-operative 6 to 14 days showed best efficacy in improving post-operative BCVA, reducing the duration of surgery and incidence of recurrent VH, it also achieves satisfactory effect in reducing the incidence of intra-operative bleeding.
Generation of focusing ion beams by magnetized electron sheath acceleration
Authors: Weichman K. , Santos J. J. , Fujioka S. , Toncian T. , Arefiev A. V.
Published: November 2020

We present the first 3D fully kinetic simulations of laser driven sheath-based ion acceleration with a kilotesla-level applied magnetic field. The application of a strong magnetic field significantly and beneficially alters sheath based ion acceleration and creates two distinct stages in the acceleration process associated with the time-evolving magnetization of the hot electron sheath. The first stage delivers dramatically enhanced acceleration, and the second reverses the typical outward-directed topology of the sheath electric field into a focusing configuration. The net result is a focusing, magnetic field-directed ion source of multiple species with strongly enhanced energy and number. The predicted improvements in ion source characteristics are desirable for applications and suggest a route to experimentally confirm magnetization-related effects in the high energy density regime. We additionally perform a comparison between 2D and 3D simulation geometry, on which basis we predict the feasibility of observing magnetic field effects under experimentally relevant conditions.
Weighted miRNA co-expression networks analysis identifies circulating miRNA predicting overall survival in hepatocellular carcinoma patients
Authors: Pascut Devis , Pratama Muhammad Yogi , Gilardi Francesca , Giuffrè Mauro , Crocè Lory Saveria , Tiribelli Claudio
Published: November 2020

The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) has been used to explore gene expression datasets by constructing biological networks based on the likelihood expression profile among genes. In recent years, WGCNA found application in biomarker discovery studies, including miRNA. Serum samples from 20 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were profiled through miRNA 3.0 gene array and miRNAs biomarker candidates were identified through WGCNA. Results were validated by qRT-PCR in 102 HCC serum samples collected at diagnosis. WGCNA identified 16 miRNA modules, nine of them were significantly associated with the clinical characteristics of the patient. The Red module had a significant negative correlation with patients Survival (− 0.59, p = 0.007) and albumin (− 0.52, p = 0.02), and a positive correlation with PCR (0.61, p = 0.004) and alpha-fetoprotein (0.51, p = 0.02). In the red module, 16 circulating miRNAs were significantly associated with patient survival. MiR-3185 and miR-4507 were identified as predictors of patient survival after the validation phase. At diagnosis, high expression of circulating miR-3185 and miR-4507 identifies patients with longer survival (HR 2.02, 95% CI 1.10–3.73, p = 0.0086, and HR of 1.75, 95% CI 1.02–3.02, p = 0.037, respectively). Thought a WGCNA we identified miR-3185 and miR-4507 as promising candidate biomarkers predicting a longer survival in HCC patients.
Author Correction: Hypoxic gene expression in chronic hepatitis B virus infected patients is not observed in state-of-the-art in vitro and mouse infection models
Authors: Liu Peter Jianrui , Harris James M. , Marchi Emanuele , D’Arienzo Valentina , Michler Thomas , Wing Peter A. C. , Magri Andrea , Ortega-Prieto Ana Maria , van de Klundert Maarten , Wettengel Jochen , Durantel David , Dorner Marcus , Klenerman Paul , Protzer Ulrike , Giotis Efstathios S. , McKeating Jane A.
Published: November 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Blue to yellow emission from (Ga,In)/GaN quantum wells grown on pixelated silicon substrate
Authors: Damilano Benjamin , Portail Marc , Frayssinet Eric , Brändli Virginie , Faure Florian , Largeron Christophe , Cooper David , Feuillet Guy , Turover Daniel
Published: November 2020

It is shown that substrate pixelisation before epitaxial growth can significantly impact the emission color of semiconductor heterostructures. The wavelength emission from InxGa1−xN/GaN quantum wells can be shifted from blue to yellow simply by reducing the mesa size from 90 × 90 µm2 to 10 × 10 µm2 of the patterned silicon used as the substrate. This color shift is mainly attributed to an increase of the quantum well thickness when the mesa size decreases. The color is also affected, in a lesser extent, by the trench width between the mesas. Cathodoluminescence hyperspectral imaging is used to map the wavelength emission of the InxGa1−xN/GaN quantum wells. Whatever the mesa size is, the wavelength emission is red-shifted at the mesa edges due to a larger quantum well thickness and In composition.
Concentration-driven phase transition and self-assembly in drying droplets of diluting whole blood
Authors: Pal Anusuya , Gope Amalesh , Obayemi John D. , Iannacchione Germano S.
Published: November 2020

Multi-colloidal systems exhibit a variety of structural and functional complexity owing to their ability to interact amongst different components into self-assembled structures. This paper presents experimental confirmations that reveal an interesting sharp phase transition during the drying state and in the dried film as a function of diluting concentrations ranging from 100% (undiluted whole blood) to 12.5% (diluted concentrations). An additional complementary contact angle measurement exhibits a monotonic decrease with a peak as a function of drying. This peak is related to a change in visco-elasticity that decreases with dilution, and disappears at the dilution concentration for the observed phase transition equivalent to 62% (v/v). This unique behavior is clearly commensurate with the optical image statistics and morphological analysis; and it is driven by the decrease in the interactions between various components within this bio-colloid. The implications of these phenomenal systems may address many open-ended questions of complex hierarchical structures.
Effects of topical mechanical stability on the formation of Masquelet membrane in a rabbit radial defect model
Authors: Xie Jie , Liu Donghao , Wang Haoyi , Long Haitao , Zhu Yong , Hu Yihe , Zeng Min
Published: November 2020

The exact mechanism of Masquelet technique is unknown. This study intends to explore the effects of topical mechanical stability on the formation of Masquelet membrane. Segmental radius shaft defect was created in all rabbits, which were filled with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) in Non-fixation group, and with PMMA fixed with plates in Fixation group, and subjected to no disposal in control group. The topical stability of PMMA and plates were monitored via X-ray and mechanical test. And the membranes were excised for further Histological, IHC and Western-Blotting analysis 4 and 6 weeks post-operatively. X-ray revealed no sign of plates loosening, or shift of PMMA. Mechanical tests revealed superior topical stability by plates. Pathological examinations suggested that vascularized and osteogenic membranes were formed around PMMA. IHC and Western-Blotting analysis revealed that both Fixation and Non-fixation group exerted significant effects on the expression of Ki67, COL I, and CD31 positive cells, as well as the protein expression of osteogenic (RUNX2, ALP) and angiogenic (VEGFA, TGF-β1) factors. And compared with membrane in Non-fixation group, Fixing PMMA spacer with plates caused a significant increase in osteogenic and angiogenic expression. This study indicates that rigid fixation provided by plate in Masquelet technique positively alters the quality of membrane formed surrounding PMMA, in terms of significantly osteogenic and angiogenic potential.
Inferring the particle-wise dynamics of amorphous solids from the local structure at the jamming point
Authors: Díaz Hernández Rojas Rafael , Parisi Giorgio , Ricci-Tersenghi Federico
Published: November 2020

Structural information from the contact network at jamming can be used to infer the statistics of the particles' dynamics near such point. Histograms show that particles with similar local structure (i.e. similar colours) move statistically alike.
Effect of proteins on the oxidase-like activity of CeO2 nanozymes for immunoassays
Authors: Chen Zi-Jian , Huang Zhicheng , Huang Song , Zhao Jin-Lin , Sun Yuanming , Xu Zhen-Lin , Liu Juewen
Published: November 2020

Protein adsorption inhibits the oxidase-like activity of CeO2 nanoparticles. Coating a partial shell of silica on CeO2 and subsequent conjugation of antibodies allow highly sensitive and selective detection of fenitrothion.
Ni complexes of an alane/tris(phosphine) ligand built around a strongly Lewis acidic tris(N-pyrrolyl)aluminum
Authors: Lai Qingheng , Cosio Mario N. , Ozerov Oleg V.
Published: November 2020

Syntheses of a new tripodal alane/tris(phosphine) ligand (AlP3) based on 2-(diisopropylphosphino)pyrrole, and AlP3-supported Ni complexes are reported.
Dual H-bond activation of NHC–Au(i)–Cl complexes with amide functionalized side-arms assisted by H-bond donor substrates or acid additives
Authors: Seppänen Otto , Aikonen Santeri , Muuronen Mikko , Alamillo-Ferrer Carla , Burés Jordi , Helaja Juho
Published: November 2020

Dual hydrogen bond donation, one from side-arm amide, and another from substrate or acid additive, enables Au(i)–Cl bond activation and gold(i)-catalysis.
Dual roles of underpotential deposition in the synthesis of tetrahexahedral Pd–Ag alloy nanocrystals
Authors: Bao Haibo , Wu Fengxia , Li Fenghua , Zhang Ling , Yuan Yali , Xu Guobao , Niu Wenxin
Published: November 2020

Underpotential deposition of Ag(i) not only selectively passivates the high-index facets of tetrahexahedral nanocrystals, but also leads to the formation of Pd–Ag alloy structures.
Transition metal-free cross-dehydrogenative arylation of unactivated benzylic C–H bonds
Authors: Spencer Andrew R. A. , Grainger Rachel , Panigrahi Adyasha , Lepper Thomas J. , Bentkowska Katarzyna , Larrosa Igor
Published: November 2020

The cross-dehydrogenative arylation of benzylic C–H bonds with arenes provides straightforward access to synthetically useful 1,1-diarylmethanes, from readily available starting materials.
Dual functional luminescent nanoprobes for monitoring oxygen and chloride concentration changes in cells
Authors: Li Jing , Zhai Jingying , Wang Yifu , Yang Wei , Xie Xiaojiang
Published: November 2020

The first dual functional luminescent nanoprobe to monitor cellular Cl− and O2.
BODIPY based realtime, reversible and targeted fluorescent probes for biothiol imaging in living cells
Authors: He Rongkun , Zhang Yichuan , Madhu Suresh , Gao Quan , Lian Qianjin , Raghavan Sriram Srinivasa , Geng Jin
Published: November 2020

Real-time live cell imaging and quantification of biothiol dynamics are important for understanding pathophysiological processes.
Small molecule–RNA targeting: starting with the fundamentals
Authors: Hargrove Amanda E.
Published: November 2020

Complementary approaches such as scaffold-based synthesis, cheminformatics, assay development, and pattern recognition have progressed fundamental understanding of small molecule:RNA recognition and led to the development of bioactive RNA ligands.
An efficient method to prepare supported bismuth nanoparticles as highly selective electrocatalyst for the conversion of CO2 into formate
Authors: Miola Matteo , de Jong Bart C. A. , Pescarmona Paolo P.
Published: November 2020

We report a novel and upscalable method to synthesise small, highly dispersed Bi nanoparticles on activated carbon. This electrocatalyst displays outstanding selectivity (FE > 99% at −1.07 V vs. RHE) and stability in the conversion of CO2 to formate.
pH/glutathione-responsive release of SO2 induced superoxide radical accumulation for gas therapy of cancer
Authors: Gu Rui , Wang Lei , Huang Xiaoyu , Zhang Jiayao , Ou Changjin , Si Weili , Yu Jianguang , Wang Wenjun , Dong Xiaochen
Published: November 2020

A pH/glutathione (GSH)-responsive SO2 generation nanoplatform (BODS NPs) is established to achieve lysosomal escape and GSH depletion in tumors to sensitize the SO2-mediated oxidative stress.
Correction: Equations of the state of hard sphere fluids based on recent accurate virial coefficients B5–B12
Authors: Tian Jianxiang , Jiang Hua , Mulero A.
Published: November 2020

Correction for ‘Equations of the state of hard sphere fluids based on recent accurate virial coefficients B5–B12’ by Jianxiang Tian et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2019, 21, 13070–13077. DOI: 10.1039/C9CP02116G
Entropy driven preference for alkene adsorption at the pore mouth as the origin of pore-mouth catalysis for alkane hydroisomerization in 1D zeolites
Authors: Shubin Aleksandr A. , Zilberberg Igor L.
Published: November 2020

This work presents a theoretical basis for a pore-mouth catalysis model developed to explain the positional selectivity of skeletal isomerization on bifunctional metal acid-zeolite catalysts.
Room-temperature formaldehyde catalytic decomposition
Authors: Ye Jiawei , Yu Yan , Fan Jiajie , Cheng Bei , Yu Jiaguo , Ho Wingkei
Published: November 2020

The necessity, basic strategies and mechanisms for HCHO room-temperature catalytic oxidation removal are summarized and discussed.
High elasticity, chemically recyclable, thermoplastics from bio-based monomers: carbon dioxide, limonene oxide and ε-decalactone
Authors: Carrodeguas Leticia Peña , Chen Thomas T. D. , Gregory Georgina L. , Sulley Gregory S. , Williams Charlotte K.
Published: November 2020

Efficient polymerization catalyses transform bio-sourced monomers into thermoplastics with high elasticity and strength, which can be degraded to allow for chemical recycling. The plastics utilize carbon dioxide, limonene oxide and ε-decalactone.
Material or fuel: comparative cradle-to-grave climate and material footprint analysis for the use of methanol from recycled CO2
Authors: Turnau Sebastian , Mignot Caroline Sophie , Mostert Clemens , Bringezu Stefan
Published: November 2020

Principle for the substitution of fossil-based products with products from captured and recycled CO2on a cradle-to-grave basis.
A flux-adaptable pump-free microfluidics-based self-contained platform for multiplex cancer biomarker detection
Authors: Dai Bo , Yin Cheng , Wu Jiandong , Li Wei , Zheng Lulu , Lin Francis , Han Xiaodian , Fu Yongfeng , Zhang Dawei , Zhuang Songlin
Published: November 2020

A flux-adaptable, self-contained and pump-free microfluidic platform is presented for the chemiluminescence immunoassay of multiple colorectal cancer biomarkers.
Identification and characterization of a tobacco metal tolerance protein, NtMTP2
Authors: Papierniak-Wygladala Anna , Kozak Katarzyna , Barabasz Anna , Palusińska Małgorzata , Całka Małgorzata , Maślińska Karolina , Antosiewicz Danuta Maria
Published: November 2020

Metal tolerance proteins (MTPs) from the CDF (Cation Diffusion Facilitator) family are efflux transporters that play a crucial role in metal homeostasis by maintaining optimal metal concentrations in the cytoplasm. Here, a novel tobacco NtMTP2 transporter was cloned and characterized. It encodes a 512 aa protein containing all specific CDF family domains. A GFP-NtMTP2 fusion protein localizes to the tonoplast in tobacco cells. NtMTP2 expression in yeast conferred tolerance to Co and Ni, indicating that the protein mediates transport of both metals, but not Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe, or Cd. Nonetheless, the expression level was not affected by Co or Ni, except for an increase in leaves at high Co concentrations. Its expression in plant parts remained stable during development, but increased in the leaves of older plants. Analysis of tobacco expressing a promoter-GUS construct indicates that the main sites of promoter activity are the conductive tissue throughout the plant and the palisade parenchyma in leaves. Our results suggest that NtMTP2 is a tonoplast transporter mediating sequestration of Co and Ni into vacuoles and an important housekeeping protein that controls the basal availability of micronutrients and plays a role in the sequestration of metal excess, specifically in leaves.
Solid state emissive azo-Schiff base ligands and their Zn(ii) complexes: acidochromism and photoswitching behaviour
Authors: Kumar Yogesh , Singh Vishwa Deepak , Dwivedi Bhupendra Kumar , Singh Nikhil Kumar , Pandey Daya Shankar
Published: November 2020

Two novel azo Schiff base ligands L1 and L2 and Zn(ii) complexes C1 and C2 exhibiting reversible acidochromic behavior and photoswitching properties have been described.
Selaginellins from the genusSelaginella: isolation, structure, biological activity, and synthesis
Authors: Li Wei , Tang Gui-Hua , Yin Sheng
Published: November 2020

This review summarizes the research progress on the isolation, chemical structures, plausible biosynthetic pathways, bioactivity, and total synthesis of the selaginellins during 2007–2020.
Effects of dielectric screening on the excitonic and critical points properties of WS2/MoS2 heterostructures
Authors: Zhu Xudan , He Junbo , Zhang Rongjun , Cong Chunxiao , Zheng Yuxiang , Zhang Hao , Zhang Shanwen , Chen Liangyao
Published: November 2020

Explore the broadband excitonic and CPs properties of WS2/MoS2 heterostructure by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE).
One-component rapid Norrish Type II photoinitiation of bulk photo-CuAAC polymer networks
Authors: Shete Abhishek U. , Sutherland Bryan P. , Kloxin Christopher J.
Published: November 2020

A one-component photoinitiation scheme was devised utilizing amine-centered trialkyne monomers for the formation of bulk photo-CuAAC polymer networks. The novel monomers maintain rapid polymerization kinetics and allow for tuning of the Tg.
Photocontrolled iodine-mediated reversible-deactivation radical polymerization with a semifluorinated alternating copolymer as the macroinitiator
Authors: Cheng Jiannan , Tu Kai , He Enjie , Wang Jinying , Zhang Lifen , Cheng Zhenping , Zhu Xiulin
Published: November 2020

A novel strategy for preparing block copolymers with semifluorinated alternating copolymers as macroinitiators was established by photocontrolled iodine-mediated RDRP under irradiation with blue LED light at room temperature.
A flexible three-dimensional composite nanofiber enhanced quasi-solid electrolyte for high-performance lithium metal batteries
Authors: Li Shuyuan , Li Nianwu , Sun Chunwen
Published: November 2020

A quasi-solid-state electrolyte based on LATP-PVDF-HFP nanofiber matrix and gel is proposed. The fabricated battery exhibits a good discharge capacity of 146.6 mA h g−1 at 2C, while the capacity retention can reach 97% after 300 cycles at 0.5C.
Green synthesis of covalent organic frameworks based on reaction media
Authors: Chen Yan , Li Wei , Wang Xiao-Han , Gao Rong-Zhi , Tang An-Na , Kong De-Ming
Published: November 2020

A summary of the green synthesis methods of COFs based on reaction media.
Functionalisation of esters via 1,3-chelation using NaOtBu: mechanistic investigations and synthetic applications
Authors: Yang Hye Sung , Macha Lingamurthy , Ha Hyun-Joon , Yang Jung Woon
Published: November 2020

Unusual nucleophilic behavior of a metal t-butoxide in a transesterification reaction was demonstrated by NMR and real-time IR spectroscopies and deuterium-labeling experiments.
Cross-sectoral synergy between municipal wastewater treatment, cement manufacture and petrochemical synthesis via clean transformation of sewage sludge
Authors: Tian Sicong , Chen Jingjing , Yan Feng , Lang Candace , Strezov Vladimir , Zhang Zuotai
Published: November 2020

The municipal wastewater treatment sector requires sustainable management of sewage sludge to fundamentally contribute to building zero-waste cities.
Improvement in the performance of mobile/hidden secondary users in multi‐user CRN
Authors: Khedkar Rakhi A. , Patil Rajendrakumar A.
Published: November 2020

In a multi‐user cognitive radio network (CRN), mobile or hidden secondary users (SUs) are present. Conventionally, such SUs utilize rigid threshold value (λ) for spectrum sensing (SS). When these SUs perform SS, they receive poor quality signals from primary users. This provokes erratic SS decisions, reduces the involvement of SUs in SS, diminishes the probability of detection (Pd) and raises miss detection (Pm) or false alarm of SUs. As a consequence of this, SUs are not able to participate in SS and allocation in emergency circumstances. To alleviate these problems, an adaptive λ can be utilized for mobile/hidden SUs during SS. Thus, a two‐level λ optimization technique for SS has been proposed using a coalition formation approach to maintain co‐operation among SUs. The proposed technique has been validated on Universal Software Radio Peripheral test‐bed. Estimation of the probability of error (Pe), Pd, and Pm for mobile/hidden SUs with energy detection SS (EDSS) performed using a fixed λ and the two‐level optimized λ. From these estimations, it has been observed that compared to the fixed λ EDSS, Pe and Pm is reduced remarkably, and Pd is enhanced for mobile/hidden SUs using the two‐level optimized λ EDSS.
Decomposition of n‐winding transformers for unbalanced optimal power flow
Authors: Claeys Sander , Deconinck Geert , Geth Frederik
Published: November 2020

This study proposes a model for multi‐phase, multi‐winding, lossy transformers. A methodology is developed to decompose such transformers into a sub‐network of multi‐conductor ‐sections, shunts and idealised (lossless) two‐winding transformers. The approach, therefore, can be used to include three‐phase transformer models in any unbalanced power flow or optimal power flow tool that is able to represent these three basic components. The study derives the mathematical formulation and an implementation is provided in Julia/JuMP/PowerModelsDistribution.jl. The obtained voltage profile for several distribution test cases deviates from OpenDSS by at most . A case study applies this model to optimise the tap settings in the context of conservative voltage reduction. This illustrates that the optimised tap settings can vary by as much as 30% depending on the vector group of the transformer.
Studies of the distinct regions due to CO selective dissociation in the Aquila molecular cloud
Authors: Komesh Toktarkhan , Baan Willem , Esimbek Jarken , Zhou Jianjun , Li Dalei , Wu Gang , He Yuxin , Rosli Zulfazli , Ibraimov Margulan
Published: November 2020

Aims. We investigate the role of selective dissociation in the process of star formation by comparing the physical parameters of protostellar-prestellar cores and the selected regions with the CO isotope distributions in photo-dissociation regions. We seek to understand whether there is a better connection between the evolutionary age of star forming regions and the effect of selective dissociation

Methods. We used wide-field observations of the 12CO, 13CO, and C18O (J = 1–0) emission lines to study the ongoing star formation activity in the Aquila molecular region, and we used the 70 and 250 μm data to describe the heating of the surrounding material and as an indicator of the evolutionary age of the core.

Results. The protostellar-prestellar cores are found at locations with the highest C18O column densities and their increasing evolutionary age coincides with an increasing 70μm/250μm emission ratio at their location. The evolutionary age of the cores may also follow from the 13CO versus C18O abundance ratio, which decreases with increasing C18O column densities. The original mass has been estimated for nine representative star formation regions and the original mass of the region correlates well with the integrated 70 μm flux density. Similarly, the X13CO/XC18O ratio, which provides the dissociation rate for these regions correlates with the 70 μm/250 μm flux density ratio and reflects the evolutionary age of the star formation activity.
LOFAR properties of SILVERRUSH Lyαemitter candidates in the ELAIS-N1 field
Authors: Gloudemans A. J. , Duncan K. J. , Kondapally R. , Sabater J. , Cochrane R. K. , Röttgering H. J. A. , Best P. N. , Bonato M. , Bondi M. , Malek K. , McCheyne I. , Smith D. J. B. , Prandoni I. , Wang L. , Tasse C.
Published: November 2020

Lyman alpha emitters (LAEs) in the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) offer valuable probes of both early galaxy evolution and the process of reionization itself; however, the exact evolution of their abundance and the nature of their emission remain open questions. We combine samples of 229 and 349 LAE candidates atz= 5.7 andz= 6.6, respectively, from the SILVERRUSH narrowband survey with deep Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) radio continuum observations in the European Large Area Infrared Space Observatory Survey-North 1 (ELAIS-N1) field to search for radio galaxies in the EoR and study the low-frequency radio properties ofz≳ 5.7 LAE emitters. Our LOFAR observations reach an unprecedented noise level of ~20μJy beam−1at 150 MHz, and we detect five candidate LAEs at >5σsignificance. Based on detailed spectral energy distribution modelling of independent multi-wavelength observations in the field, we conclude that these sources are likely [OII] emitters atz= 1.47, yielding no reliablez≳ 5.7 radio galaxy candidates. We examine the 111z= 5.7 andz= 6.6 LAE candidates from our panchromatic photometry catalogue that are undetected by LOFAR, finding contamination rates of 81–92% for thez= 5.7 andz= 6.6 subset of the LAE candidate samples. This subset of the full sample is biased towards brighter magnitudes and redder near-infrared colours. The contamination rates of the full sample will therefore likely be lower than the reported values. Contamination of these optically bright LAE samples by likely [OII] emitters is lowered significantly through constraints on the near-infrared colours, highlighting the need for infrared observations to robustly identify bright LAEs in narrowband surveys. Finally, the stacking of radio continuum observations for the robust LAE samples yields 2σupper limits on radio luminosity of 8.2 × 1023and 8.7 × 1023W Hz−1atz= 5.7 and 6.6, respectively, corresponding to limits on their median star-formation rates of <53 and <56M⊙yr−1.
ALMA resolves giant molecular clouds in a tidal dwarf galaxy
Authors: Querejeta M. , Lelli F. , Schinnerer E. , Colombo D. , Lisenfeld U. , Mundell C. G. , Bigiel F. , García-Burillo S. , Herrera C. N. , Hughes A. , Kruijssen J. M. D. , Meidt S. E. , Moore T. J. T. , Pety J. , Rigby A. J.
Published: November 2020

Tidal dwarf galaxies (TDGs) are gravitationally bound condensations of gas and stars that formed during galaxy interactions. Here we present multi-configuration ALMA observations of J1023+1952, a TDG in the interacting system Arp 94, where we resolved CO(2–1) emission down to giant molecular clouds (GMCs) at 0.64″∼45 pc resolution. We find a remarkably high fraction of extended molecular emission (∼80−90%), which is filtered out by the interferometer and likely traces diffuse gas. We detect 111 GMCs that give a similar mass spectrum as those in the Milky Way and other nearby galaxies (a truncated power law with a slope of −1.76 ± 0.13). We also study Larson’s laws over the available dynamic range of GMC properties (∼2 dex in mass and ∼1 dex in size): GMCs follow the size-mass relation of the Milky Way, but their velocity dispersion is higher such that the size-linewidth and virial relations appear super-linear, deviating from the canonical values. The global molecular-to-atomic gas ratio is very high (∼1) while the CO(2–1)/CO(1–0) ratio is quite low (∼0.5), and both quantities vary from north to south. Star formation predominantly takes place in the south of the TDG, where we observe projected offsets between GMCs and young stellar clusters ranging from ∼50 pc to ∼200 pc; the largest offsets correspond to the oldest knots, as seen in other galaxies. In the quiescent north, we find more molecular clouds and a higher molecular-to-atomic gas ratio (∼1.5); atomic and diffuse molecular gas also have a higher velocity dispersion there. Overall, the organisation of the molecular interstellar medium in this TDG is quite different from other types of galaxies on large scales, but the properties of GMCs seem fairly similar, pointing to near universality of the star-formation process on small scales.
Ca II H&K stellar activity parameter: a proxy for extreme ultraviolet stellar fluxes
Authors: Sreejith A. G. , Fossati L. , Youngblood A. , France K. , Ambily S.
Published: November 2020

Atmospheric escape is an important factor shaping the exoplanet population and hence drives our understanding of planet formation. Atmospheric escape from giant planets is driven primarily by the stellar X-ray and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation. Furthermore, EUV and longer wavelength UV radiation power disequilibrium chemistry in the middle and upper atmospheres. Our understanding of atmospheric escape and chemistry, therefore, depends on our knowledge of the stellar UV fluxes. While the far-ultraviolet (FUV) fluxes can be observed for some stars, most of the EUV range is unobservable due to the lack of a space telescope with EUV capabilities and, for the more distant stars, due to interstellar medium absorption. Therefore, it becomes essential to have an indirect means for inferring EUV fluxes from features observable at other wavelengths. We present here analytic functions for predicting the EUV emission of F-, G-, K-, and M-type stars from the log R′HK activity parameter that is commonly obtained from ground-based optical observations of the Ca II H&K lines. The scaling relations are based on a collection of about 100 nearby stars with published log R′HK and EUV flux values, the latter of which are either direct measurements or inferences from high-quality FUV spectra. The scaling relations presented here return EUV flux values with an accuracy of about a factor of three, which is slightly lower than that of other similar methods based on FUV or X-ray measurements.
The difference and unity of irregular LQ control and standard LQ control and its solution
Authors: Zhang Huanshui , Xu Juanjuan
Published: November 2020

Irregular linear quadratic control (LQ, was called Singular LQ) has been a long-standing problem since 1970s. This paper will show that an irregular LQ control (deterministic) is solvable (for arbitrary initial value) if and only if the quadratic cost functional can be rewritten as a regular one by changing the terminal cost x′(T)Hx(T) to x′(T)[H + P1(T)]x(T), while the optimal controller can achieve P1(T)x(T) = 0 at the same time. In other words, the irregular controller (if exists) needs to do two things at the same time, one thing is to minimize the cost and the other is to achieve the terminal constraint P1(T)x(T) = 0, which clarifies the essential difference of irregular LQ from the standard LQ control where the controller is to minimize the cost only. With this breakthrough, we further study the irregular LQ control for stochastic systems with multiplicative noise. A sufficient solving condition and the optimal controller is presented based on Riccati equations.
Analysis of agricultural meteorological disasters in Shaanxi Province from 1981 to 2018 and their impact on grain production
Authors: Chunlin Wang , Yufei Xiong
Published: November 2020

This paper studied the change characteristics of four types of agricultural meteorological disasters such as flood, drought, hail and freeze and their impact on the total grain yield of Shaanxi Province. Based on the agricultural statistical data of Shaanxi Province from 1981 to 2018, the disaster-affected rate, disaster-suffered rate and disaster intensity index, as well as the grey correlation analysis method were used to analyze the agricultural meteorological disasters and their impact on grain yield in Shaanxi Province from 1981 to 2018. The results show that drought has the largest disaster-affected area and disaster-suffered area in Shaanxi Province, but the disaster-affected rate and disaster-suffered rate increases first and then decreases. The difference of disaster intensity among flood, drought and hail is relatively small, among which the drought disaster has the strongest disaster intensity and the freeze has a relatively weak disaster intensity. The grey correlation analysis show that the affected area of hail disasters has the greatest impact on the total grain yield of Shaanxi Province, followed by drought and flood, and the affected area of freeze disaster has a relatively small impact on the total grain yield.
The human health impacts of global climate change
Authors: Shu Manqi
Published: November 2020

At present, the global effects of climate change have already gone beyond economic globalization. Man affects climate, and climate affects man. As an important part of the natural environment on which human beings live, any change of climate will have an impact on the natural ecosystem, social economic system and human health. Today, in the information age, human health is considered to be a combination of ecological, socio-cultural, economic and institutional decisions, and climate change has had an extremely important impact on human health. Therefore, this paper summarizes the trends of global climate change and the potential threats to human health, and proposes expectations for future development.
Study on the Influence of mixed burning Sludge on slagging characteristics of easily slagging Coal
Authors: Limeng Zhang , Xinguang Dong , Fanjun Hou , Zhonghua Zhao , Ke Liu , Haichao Wang , Jinglong Liu , Xuhui Zhang
Published: November 2020

In this paper, combined with experiments and theoretical calculations, the effect of urban low-calorific value sludge on the slagging characteristics of easy-slagging coals is studied. The results show that when the melting point of sludge ash is lower than that of coal ash, the ash melting point of the mixture after the two blends will be lower than the melting point of raw coal ash. When SiO2 and Al2O3, which are relatively high in sludge, are used as single additives, the ash melting point of coal will first decrease and then increase. As the mixing ratio of sludge increases, coal ash slagging characteristics show a trend of gradual relief. For coals that are prone to slagging and rich in alkali metals, they can be appropriately mixed with sludge rich in silicon and aluminum compounds or additives to improve Slagging characteristics.
Research on the Characteristics of Environmental Air Pollution and Its Countermeasures in Tianjin
Authors: Yuan Qingmin , Li Jiebing
Published: November 2020

With the rapid economic and social development, environmental protection is facing many challenges, especially air pollution. It is an urgent task to study and recognize the current situation of air pollution and its causes, and to take corresponding measures. In this paper, by analyzing the status and changing trend of air environmental quality of Tianjin, the research of main pollutant and the characteristics of pollutants in the air of frequency, pollution characteristics, pollution change law and stress time, on the basis of put forward the countermeasure and the suggestion of collaborative control more pollutants, to provide accurate ShiCe, scientific control science and technology support, provide scientific support to win the battle blue sky.
Application of Data Encryption Technology in Electric Power Informationization
Authors: Yingkai Cai , Ye Zhang , Shilong Cao , Rong Mu
Published: November 2020

A large amount of data information will be generated during the construction and operation of the power system, and once these data are leaked, it will undoubtedly threaten the information security of power users, which will bring avoidable economic losses to power companies and users. Therefore, many electric power companies are paying more and more attention to data security, and data encryption technology solves this problem well. And this article has launched a detailed analysis on the application of data encryption technology in the construction of electric power information. At the same time, it has carried out an in-depth discussion with the practical application of the two-layer encryption method in the informationization of electric power enterprises. I hope the research results of this article It can provide a certain reference for the information security management of the power system.
Effect of Semiconductive Layer on Space Charge Accumulation in XLPE
Authors: Huan Bai , Li Guangmao , Du Gang , Xiong Jun , Mo Wenxiong
Published: November 2020

Long time DC pressure on high voltage cables will lead to the accumulation of space charge in XLPE cables, thus endangering cable insulation. In order to study the effect of the thickness of semiconducting layer on the space charge in XLPE, the space charge in 10kV and 220kV XLPE sample with different thickness of semiconducting layer was measured and compared based on PEA method. Firstly, the samples were pressurized to the specified voltage, then kept this voltage for 30 minutes, then depressurized to 0, and lastly maintained for 90 minutes. The variation of space charge distribution during the pressurized stage was analyzed with the space charge density as the characteristic parameter. The results show that the space charge near the anode and cathode is accumulated by the semi-conductive coating during the period of maintaining pressure; the thicker the semi-conductive layer is, the more obvious the accumulation of space charge is; the longer the time of maintaining pressure, the more space charge accumulates.
Hub location problem in round-trip service applications
Authors: Kemmar Omar , Bouamrane Karim , Gelareh Shahin
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we introduce a new hub-and-spoke structure for service networks based on round-trips as practiced by some transport service providers. This problem is a variant of Uncapacitated Hub Location Problem wherein the spoke nodes allocated to a hub node form round-trips (cycles) starting from and ending to the hub node. This problem is motivated by two real-life practices in logistics wherein runaway nodes and runaway connections with their associated economies of scale were foreseen to increase redundancy in the network. We propose a mixed integer linear programming mathematical model with exponential number of constraints. In addition to the separation routines for separating from among exponential constraints, we propose a hyper-heuristic based on reinforcement learning and its comparable counterpart as a variable neighborhood search. Our extensive computational experiments confirm efficiency of the proposed approaches.
Magnesium: Bedeutung für die hausärztliche Praxis – Positionspapier der Gesellschaft für Magnesium-Forschung e. V.
Authors: Micke Oliver , Vormann Jürgen , Classen Hans-Georg , Kisters Klaus
Published: November 2020

In der Bevölkerung und vor allem bei Risikogruppen muss mit Magnesiummangel gerechnet werden. Magnesiummangel kann zahlreiche Symptome verursachen, ist per se pathologisch und deshalb therapiebedürftig. Die Diagnostik stützt sich auf die klinische Symptomatik in Verbindung mit anamnestischen Hinweisen und Laborparametern. Eine schlechte Magnesiumversorgung ist mit einem erhöhten Risiko für zahlreiche Erkrankungen assoziiert, darunter metabolisches Syndrom, Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 und Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen. Magnesiummangel tritt häufig auch als Komorbidität auf und kann zur Exazerbation von Krankheiten beitragen. Magnesium sollte eine größere Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt werden, um Mangelzustände als Ursache vielfältiger Symptome sowie als Risikofaktor für Erkrankungen zu vermeiden. Eine Optimierung der Magnesiumversorgung kann einen wichtigen Beitrag in der Prävention leisten. Die orale Magnesiumtherapie ist unbedenklich und kostengünstig.