bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol to promote recovery following esophageal cancer resection
Authors: Ashok Apurva , Niyogi Devayani , Ranganathan Priya , Tandon Sandeep , Bhaskar Maheema , Karimundackal George , Jiwnani Sabita , Shetmahajan Madhavi , Pramesh C. S.
Published: February 2020

Esophageal cancer surgery, comprising esophagectomy with radical lymphadenectomy, is a complex procedure associated with considerable morbidity and
mortality. The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol which aims to improve perioperative care, minimize complications, and accelerate recovery is showing promise for achieving better perioperative outcomes. ERAS is a multimodal approach that has been reported to shorten the length of hospital stay, reduce surgical stress response, decrease morbidity, and expedite recovery. While ERAS components straddle preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative periods, they need to be seen in continuum and not as isolated elements. In this review, we elaborate on the components of an ERAS protocol after esophagectomy including preoperative nutrition, prehabilitation, counselling, smoking and alcohol cessation, cardiopulmonary evaluation, surgical technique, anaesthetic management, intra- and postoperative fluid management and pain relief, mobilization and physiotherapy, enteral and oral feeding, removal of drains, and several other components. We also share our own institutional protocol for ERAS following esophageal resections.
Evaluation of Maximum Rockfall Dimensions Based on Probabilistic Assessment of the Penetration of the Sliding Planes into the Slope
Authors: Mavrouli O. , Corominas J.
Published: February 2020

There is intrinsic difficulty in the investigation of the largest volume of rockfalls that is expected in an area, which lies in the small number of large events, in registrable times. The maximum credible rockfall size has been associated with the properties of the rock mass discontinuities, as they delimit detachable rock blocks, and in particular with the penetration of those discontinuities that comprise rockfall sliding planes. In highly fractured rock masses, the evaluation of the penetration remains an issue. A probabilistic methodology is proposed, to measure the penetration of potential sliding planes into the interior of a rocky slope. The main hypothesis of the method is that the sliding plane persistence is interrupted along its two directions, at the intersection with two lateral discontinuity sets, as the latter displaces the former. Due to the displacement, the sliding planes are formed by quasi-planes that contain a maximum number of spacings of the intersecting joints, hence their size is restricted. The methodology requires as an input the spacing of the intersecting joint sets. Its application to a granodiorite slope confirms that for the study site, there is a maximum volume of rockfalls, excluding the possibility of large stepped failures and rupture of rock bridges. The maximum calculated persistence for the two existing sliding planes in the study site is, respectively, 28.0 m and 48.5 m. The maximum calculated sliding plane surfaces are, accordingly, 282.5 m2and 289.3 m2. These results are compared against the observed scar dimensions at the study site, which have been retrieved alternatively, by processing a LiDAR point cloud. The results from the two alternative sources are similar, indicating that the methodology can be efficiently used to assess the sliding plane persistence and the expected maximum rockfall magnitude at the study site.
Novel Insights into Autism Knowledge and Stigmatizing Attitudes Toward Mental Illness in Dutch Youth and Family Center Physicians
Authors: van ‘t Hof Maarten , van Berckelaer-Onnes Ina , Deen Mathijs , Neukerk Monique C. , Bannink Rienke , Daniels Amy M. , Hoek Hans W. , Ester Wietske A.
Published: February 2020

Professionals’ limited knowledge on mental health and their stigmatizing attitudes toward mental illness can delay the diagnosis of autism. We evaluated the knowledge on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and stigmatizing attitudes in 93 physicians at Dutch Youth and Family Centers (YFC). These physicians screen for psychiatric symptoms in children. We show that their general ASD knowledge scored 7.1 (SD 1.2), but their specific ASD knowledge was only 5.7 (SD 1.7) (weighted means on 1–10 scale, 1 = least knowledge, 10 = most knowledge). Our physicians had positive attitudes toward mental illness (CAMI scores 2.18 (SD 0.33) to 2.22 (SD 0.40) on a 5-point Likert scale) but they had higher levels of stigmatizing attitudes than other Western healthcare professionals. Their levels were considerably lower than in non-Western professionals. We found no relations between ASD knowledge, stigmatizing attitudes and demographic variables. In conclusion, ASD knowledge and stigmatizing attitudes toward mental illness in Dutch YFC physicians require attention.
Bridging the research-management gap: landscape science in practice on public lands in the western United States
Authors: Carter Sarah K. , Pilliod David S. , Haby Travis , Prentice Karen L. , Aldridge Cameron L. , Anderson Patrick J. , Bowen Zachary H. , Bradford John B. , Cushman Samuel A. , DeVivo Joseph C. , Duniway Michael C. , Hathaway Ryan S. , Nelson Lisa , Schultz Courtney A. , Schuster Rudy M. , Trammell E. Jamie , Weltzin Jake F.
Published: February 2020

Context

Landscape science relies on foundational concepts of landscape ecology and seeks to understand the physical, biological, and human components of ecosystems to support land management decision-making. Incorporating landscape science into land management decisions, however, remains challenging. Many lands in the western United States are federally owned and managed for multiple uses, including recreation, conservation, and energy development.

Objective

We argue for stronger integration of landscape science into the management of these public lands.

Methods

We open by outlining the relevance of landscape science for public land planning, management, and environmental effects analysis, including pertinent laws and policies. We identify challenges to integrating landscape science into public land management, including the multijurisdictional nature and complicated spatial pattern of public lands, the capacity of agencies to identify and fill landscape science needs, and perceptions about the meaning of landscape approaches to management.

Results

We provide several recent examples related to landscape monitoring, restoration, reclamation, and conservation in which landscape science products were developed specifically to support decision-making.

Conclusions

We close by highlighting three actions—elevating the importance of science-management partnerships dedicated to coproducing actionable landscape science products, identifying where landscape science could foster efficiencies in the land-use planning process, and developing scenario-based landscape models for shrublands—that could improve landscape science support for public land planners and managers.
An automated testing device for continuous measurement of the hysteretic water retention curve of granular media
Authors: Milatz Marius
Published: February 2020

The water retention curve (WRC), representing an important key for the modelling of hydro-mechanical behaviour of unsaturated soils, is still not fully understood, because it originates from microscopic hydraulic and capillary phenomena. Furthermore, its experimental measurement, especially for cyclic drainage and imbibition paths, is challenging and time-consuming. In this contribution, a recently developed low-cost easy-to-use miniature testing device for the investigation of the WRC of unsaturated granular soils, such as coarse-grained sand and a packing of glass beads, is presented. With the help of the new device, that can be controlled by a Raspberry Pi single-board computer, the hysteretic WRC can be investigated in a conventional macroscopic approach by plotting the macroscopic specimen degree of saturation versus measured matric suction. The test set-up allows an automatic measurement of the WRC which is measured continuously following a programmed test procedure. In addition to the technical realisation of the new device, this contribution focuses on macroscopic results of water retention tests. Moreover, the testing device has been designed in a miniaturised size, in order to obtain microscopic insights into the phase distribution during cyclic drainage and imbibition paths with the help of computed tomography in future applications.
Management of Renal Cell Carcinoma and Other Renal Masses in the Kidney Graft
Authors: Warren Hannah , Olsburgh Jonathon
Published: February 2020

Purpose of Review

Renal masses in the kidney graft pose an important clinical dilemma, balancing graft function against the need for cancer control.

Recent Findings

Donor origin cancers in the renal graft can be classified as ‘donor transmitted’ or ‘donor derived’. The landmark TracerX Renal changed our understanding of renal cell carcinoma oncogenesis, demonstrating that key mutations in childhood lead to clinically apparent tumours in later life. Identified pre-operatively, contemporary evidence suggests that masses excised prior to transplantation result in acceptable oncologic safety and graft function. Identified post-operatively management mirrors that for a mass in a solitary kidney in the non-transplant population, with focus on a nephron-sparing approach.

With growing number of kidney transplants each year, ageing donors, and increasing graft survival, masses in the renal graft are likely to become a more prevalent clinical conundrum.
Black Egyptian inks in Late Antiquity: new insights on their manufacture and use
Authors: Ghigo Tea , Rabin Ira , Buzi Paola
Published: February 2020

We present here our methodological approach applied to the study of Egyptian inks in Late Antiquity. It is based on an interdisciplinary strategy, bringing together a variety of disciplines from humanities and natural sciences, and it aims at systematically collecting a statistically relevant amount of data regarding the composition of the inks. The application of a well-established, non-invasive protocol that includes near-infrared imaging and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy for in situ measurements enables the identification and characterisation of inks dating from the end of Late Antiquity onwards. However, sometimes this method limits our understanding when characterising more ancient inks. Trying to overcome these limitations, the potential of a new device for the characterisation of organic compounds is here explored by conducting preliminary tests on mock samples. In this work, we present the results from 77 codicological units that include some of the earliest manuscripts of our corpus that presently lists 159 units.
Prospective Double-Blinded Randomized Field-Based Clinical Trial of Metoclopramide and Ibuprofen for the Treatment of High Altitude Headache and Acute Mountain Sickness
Authors: Irons Hillary R. , Salas Renee N. , Bhai Salman F. , Gregorie W. Douglas , Harris N. Stuart
Published: February 2020

Introduction

High altitude headache (HAH) and acute mountain sickness (AMS) are common pathologies at high altitudes. There are similarities between AMS and migraine headaches, with nausea being a common symptom. Several studies have shown ibuprofen can be effective for AMS prophylaxis, but few have addressed treatment. Metoclopramide is commonly administered for migraine headaches but has not been evaluated for HAH or AMS. We aimed to evaluate metoclopramide and ibuprofen for treatment of HAH and AMS.

Methods

We performed a prospective, double-blinded, randomized, field-based clinical trial of metoclopramide and ibuprofen for the treatment of HAH and AMS in 47 adult subjects in the Mount Everest region of Nepal. Subjects received either 400 mg ibuprofen or 10 mg metoclopramide in a 1-time dose. Lake Louise Score (LLS) and visual analog scale of symptoms were measured before and at 30, 60, and 120 min after treatment.

Results

Subjects in both the metoclopramide and ibuprofen arms reported reduced headache severity and nausea compared to pretreatment values at 120 min. The ibuprofen group reported 22 mm reduction in headache and 6 mm reduction in nausea on a 100 mm visual analog scale at 120 min. The metoclopramide group reported 23 mm reduction in headache and 14 mm reduction in nausea. The ibuprofen group reported an average 3.5-point decrease on LLS, whereas the metoclopramide group reported an average 2.0-point decrease on LLS at 120 min.

Conclusions

Metoclopramide and ibuprofen may be effective alternative treatment options in HAH and AMS, especially for those patients who additionally report nausea.
An intersubjective model of agency for game theory
Authors: Brown Vivienne
Published: February 2020

This paper proposes a new interpretation of non-cooperative games that shows why the unilateralism of best-reply reasoning fails to capture the mutuality of strategic interdependence. Drawing on an intersubjective approach to theorizing individual agency in shared context, including a non-individualistic model of common belief without infinite regress, the paper develops a general model of a 2 × 2 simultaneous one-shot non-cooperative game and applies it to games including Hi-Lo, Stag Hunt, Prisoners’ Dilemma, Chicken, BoS and Matching Pennies. Results include High as the rational choice in Hi-Lo, and Cooperate as a possible rational choice in the Prisoners’ Dilemma.
Review of the use of neurophysiological and biometric measures in experimental design research
Authors: Borgianni Yuri , Maccioni Lorenzo
Published: February 2020

Design is inherently affected by human-related factors and it is of no surprise that the fine-tuning of instruments capable of measuring aspects of human behavior has attracted interest in the design field. The recalled instruments include a variety of devices that capture and quantitatively assess people's unintentional and unconscious reactions and that are generally referred as neurophysiological or biometric. The number of experimental applications of these instruments in design was extremely limited as of 2016, when Lohmeyer and Meboldt published a first report on relevant measures and their interpretation in design. In the last few years, the number of relevant publications has increased dramatically and this determines the opportunity to carry out a comprehensive review in the field. The reviewed contributions are analyzed and classified according to, among others, instruments used, the kind of stakeholders involved and the supported design research activities. The role of biometric measures with respect to traditional research methods is emphasized too. The discussed instruments can represent supports or substitutes for traditional approaches, as well as they are capable of exploring phenomena that could not be addressed hitherto. The intensity of research concerning experiments with biometric measurements is discussed too; a particular focus of the final discussion is the individuation of obstacles that prevent them from becoming commonplace in design research.
Non‐Double‐Couple Microearthquakes in the Focal Area of the 2000 Western Tottori Earthquake (M 7.3) via Hyperdense Seismic Observations
Authors: Hayashida Yuto , Matsumoto Satoshi , Iio Yoshihisa , Sakai Shin'ich , Kato Aitaro
Published: February 2020

Earthquakes with non‐double‐couple (NDC) components are indicators of geometric fault complexity, anisotropy, tensile failure, and fluid flow effects. NDC earthquakes have been observed in volcanic zones and interpreted as faulting related to fluid effects in the hypocentral region. In this study, we provide evidence of the occurrence of microearthquakes with NDC components in a tectonic zone. Aftershocks of the 2000 Western Tottori earthquake revealed definite NDC components based on a polarity analysis of the first P wave motion data from a hyperdense seismic observation. We modeled these events using both shear faulting with tensile failure and multiple shear ruptures. Six of the eight NDC events were well modeled by shear faults accompanied with an opening tensile crack. These results suggest that pressurized fluid or a weak tensile crack may exist along the rupture zone of the Tottori earthquake.
Infilling Abandoned Deltaic Distributary Channels Through Landward Sediment Transport
Authors: Carlson B. N. , Nittrouer J. A. , Moodie A. J. , Kineke G. C. , Kumpf L. L. , Ma H. , Parsons D. R. , Wang H.
Published: February 2020

Upon avulsion, abandoned deltaic distributary channels receive water and sediment delivered by a tie channel, overbank flow, and by tidal inundation from the receiving basin. The transport and deposition of sediment arising from this latter input have important impacts on delta development yet are not well constrained from field observations or numerical models. Herein, the Huanghe (Yellow River) delta, China, is used as a case study to evaluate how marine‐sourced sediment impacts abandoned channel morphology. For this system, artificial deltaic avulsions occur approximately decadally; the abandoned channels are inundated by tides, and deposition of sediment transforms the channel into a mudflat. Field data were collected from a channel abandoned 20 yr ago and included cores that penetrated the tidally deposited mud and antecedent fluvial channel sediment, topography, bathymetry surveys, and detailed time series monitoring of hydrodynamic conditions within the tidal channel and adjacent mudflat. These data are used to validate a model that predicts the rate of accumulation and grain size of sediment delivered from the tidal channel to the mudflat. The thickness of the marine‐sourced mud differs spatially by an order of magnitude and is primarily impacted by antecedent channel topography. Sediment has aggraded to an elevation approaching mean high tide, which is likely the limit of fill. As this elevation is below antecedent levees, assuming stationary relative sea level, the abandoned channel will remain a topographic low on the delta landscape and is therefore susceptible to reoccupation during future avulsions.
Nanolaminate-based design for UV laser mirror coatings
Authors: Zhu Meiping , Xu Nuo , Roshanzadeh Behshad , Boyd S. T. P. , Rudolph Wolfgang , Chai Yingjie , Shao Jianda
Published: February 2020

With ever-increasing laser power, the requirements for ultraviolet (UV) coatings increase continuously. The fundamental challenge for UV laser-resistant mirror coatings is to simultaneously exhibit a high reflectivity with a large bandwidth and high laser resistance. These characteristics are traditionally achieved by the deposition of laser-resistant layers on highly reflective layers. We propose a “reflectivity and laser resistance in one” design by using tunable nanolaminate layers that serve as an effective layer with a high refractive index and a large optical bandgap. An Al2O3–HfO2 nanolaminate-based mirror coating for UV laser applications is experimentally demonstrated using e-beam deposition. The bandwidth, over which the reflectance is >99.5%, is more than twice that of a traditional mirror with a comparable overall thickness. The laser-induced damage threshold is increased by a factor of ~1.3 for 7.6 ns pulses at a wavelength of 355 nm. This tunable, nanolaminate-based new design strategy paves the way toward a new generation of UV coatings for high-power laser applications.
Variations and expression features of CYP2D6 contribute to schizophrenia risk
Authors: Ma Liang , Shcherbina Anna , Chetty Sundari
Published: February 2020

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified 145 loci implicated in schizophrenia (SCZ). However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we analyze 1497 RNA-seq data in combination with their genotype data and identify SNPs that are associated with expression throughout the genome by dissecting expression features to genes (eGene) and exon–exon junctions (eJunction). Then, we colocalize eGene and eJunction with SCZ GWAS using SMR and fine mapping. Multiple ChIP-seq data and DNA methylation data generated from brain were used for identifying the causal variants. Finally, we used a hypothesis-free (no SCZ risk loci considered) enrichment analysis to determine implicated pathways. We identified 171 genes and eight splicing junctions located within four genes (SNX19, ARL6IP4, APOPT1, and CYP2D6) that potentially contribute to SCZ susceptibility. Among the genes, CYP2D6 is significantly associated with SCZ SNPs in eGene and eJunction. In-depth examination of the CYP2D6 region revealed that a nonsynonymous single nucleotide variant rs16947 is strongly associated with a higher abundance of CYP2D6 exon 3 skipping junctions. While we found rs133377 and other functional SNPs in high linkage disequilibrium with rs16947 (r2 = 0.9539), histone acetylation analysis showed they are located within active transcription start sites. Furthermore, our data-driven enrichment analysis showed that CYP2D6 is significantly involved in drug metabolism of codeine, tamoxifen, and citalopram. Our study facilitates an understanding of the genetic architecture of SCZ and provides new drug targets.
Physiologic maturation is both extrinsically and intrinsically regulated in progenitor-derived neurons
Authors: Venugopalan Praseeda , Cameron Evan G. , Zhang Xiong , Nahmou Michael , Muller Kenneth J. , Goldberg Jeffrey L.
Published: February 2020

During development, newly-differentiated neurons undergo several morphological and physiological changes to become functional, mature neurons. Physiologic maturation of neuronal cells derived from isolated stem or progenitor cells may provide insight into maturation in vivo but is not well studied. As a step towards understanding how neuronal maturation is regulated, we studied the developmental switch of response to the neurotransmitter GABA, from excitatory depolarization to inhibitory hyperpolarization. We compared acutely isolated retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) at various developmental stages and RGCs differentiated in vitro from embryonic retinal progenitors for the effects of aging and, independently, of retinal environment age on their GABAA receptor (GABAAR) responses, elicited by muscimol. We found that neurons generated in vitro from progenitors exhibited depolarizing, immature GABA responses, like those of early postnatal RGCs. As progenitor-derived neurons aged from 1 to 3 weeks, their GABA responses matured. Interestingly, signals secreted by the early postnatal retina suppressed acquisition of mature GABA responses. This suppression was not associated with changes in expression of GABAAR or of the chloride co-transporter KCC2, but rather with inhibition of KCC2 dimerization in differentiating neurons. Taken together, these data indicate GABA response maturation depends on release of inhibition by developmentally regulated diffusible signals from the retina.
Apparent PT-symmetric terahertz photoconductivity in the topological phase of Hg1−xCdxTe-based structures
Authors: Galeeva A. V. , Kazakov A. S. , Artamkin A. I. , Ryabova L. I. , Dvoretsky S. A. , Mikhailov N. N. , Bannikov M. I. , Danilov S. N. , Khokhlov D. R.
Published: February 2020

We show that the terahertz (THz) photoconductivity in the topological phase of Hg1–xCdxTe-based structures exhibits the apparent PT- (parity-time) symmetry whereas the P-symmetry and the T-symmetry, separately, are not conserved. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the P- and T-symmetry breaking may not be related to any type of the sample anisotropy. This result contradicts the apparent symmetry arguments and means that there exists an external factor that interacts with the sample electronic system and breaks the symmetry. We show that deviations from the ideal experimental geometry may not be such a factor.
Correlations between intraretinal cystoid cavities and pre- and postoperative characteristics of eyes after closure of idiopathic macular hole
Authors: Goto Kensuke , Iwase Takeshi , Yamamoto Kentaro , Ra Eimei , Terasaki Hiroko
Published: February 2020

Intraretinal cystoid cavities have been detected at the edges of macular holes (MHs) but their clinical characteristics and their relationship to the MH variables have not been determined. We measured the areas of the intraretinal cystoid cavity in 111 eyes with MHs in the OCT images preoperatively. Our results showed that the intraretinal cystoid cavities were located in the Henle fiber layer-outer nuclear layer (HFL-ONL) complex in 106 eyes and in the inner nuclear layer (INL) in 89 eyes. All were resolved after the initial vitrectomy to close the MH. The mean area of the cystoid cavity was greater in the HFL-ONL complex (55.9 ± 42.7 × 103 μm2) than in the INL (9.1 ± 9.8 × 103 μm2; P < 0.001). The area of the cystoid cavities was significantly correlated with the basal MH size (r = 0.465,P < 0.001), the external limiting membrane height (r = 0.793, P < 0.001), and the maximum retinal thickness (r = 0.757, P < 0.001). The area of the cystoid cavities was significantly correlated with the preoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA; r = 0.361, P < 0.001), but not with the postoperative BCVA or the integrity of any of the outer retinal microstructural bands. The presence of intraretinal cystoid cavities was related to some morphological characteristics, but not to the postoperative BCVA or the restoration of the outer retinal bands.
Sensitive Detection of Dengue Virus Type 2 E-Proteins Signals Using Self-Assembled Monolayers/Reduced Graphene Oxide-PAMAM Dendrimer Thin Film-SPR Optical Sensor
Authors: Omar Nur Alia Sheh , Fen Yap Wing , Abdullah Jaafar , Mustapha Kamil Yasmin , Daniyal Wan Mohd Ebtisyam Mustaqim Mohd , Sadrolhosseini Amir Reza , Mahdi Mohd Adzir
Published: February 2020

In this work, sensitive detection of dengue virus type 2 E-proteins (DENV-2 E-proteins) was performed in the range of 0.08 pM to 0.5 pM. The successful DENV detection at very low concentration is a matter of concern for targeting the early detection after the onset of dengue symptoms. Here, we developed a SPR sensor based on self-assembled monolayer/reduced graphene oxide-polyamidoamine dendrimer (SAM/NH2rGO/PAMAM) thin film to detect DENV-2 E-proteins. Surface characterizations involving X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirms the incorporation of NH2rGO-PAMAM nanoparticles in the prepared sensor films. The specificity, sensitivity, binding affinity, and selectivity of the SPR sensor were then evaluated. Results indicated that the variation of the sensing layer due to different spin speed, time incubation, and concentration provided a better interaction between the analyte and sensing layer. The linear dependence of the SPR sensor showed good linearity (R2 = 0.92) with the lowest detection of 0.08 pM DENV-2 E-proteins. By using the Langmuir model, the equilibrium association constant was obtained at very high value of 6.6844 TM−1 (R2 = 0.99). High selectivity of the SPR sensor towards DENV-2 E-proteins was achieved in the presence of other competitors.
An Early Triassic sauropterygian and associated fauna from South China provide insights into Triassic ecosystem health
Authors: Li Qiang , Liu Jun
Published: February 2020

The timing and pattern of biotic recovery from the Permo-Triassic Mass Extinction remains elusive. Here we report new material of the Early Triassic sauropterygianLariosaurus sanxiaensisand associated fauna from the Jialingjiang Formation in Hubei Province, South China. Phylogenetic analysis based on a novel data matrix of sauropterygians recognizesL. sanxiaensisas a basal nothosaur. Stratigraphic congruence analysis shows that the new phylogenetic consensus tree matches to the stratigraphic distribution of sauropterygians very well. The diversified reptilian fauna and inferred simple food web in the Nanzhang-Yuan’an fauna whereL. sanxiaensiswas discovered suggest that the Triassic biotic recovery adopted a top-down pattern, in contrast to the prevailing view. Comparison with the Middle Triassic Luoping biota from the same carbonate platform suggests that the Triassic biotic recovery is delayed and healthy ecosystems were not established until the Middle Triassic in South China.
Ba(B2OF3(OH)2)2with well-ordered OH/F anions and a unique B2OF3(OH)2dimer
Authors: Gai Minqiang , Wang Ying , Tong Tinghao , Wang Liying , Yang Zhihua , Zhou Xin , Pan Shilie
Published: February 2020

A new centimetre-scale fluorooxoborate crystal Ba(B2OF3(OH)2)2, with well-ordered OH/F units and a new dimer containing BOF3units, has been fabricated.
A practical guide to the measurement of turbidity curves of cooling crystallisations from solution
Authors: Coles Simon J. , Threlfall Terence L.
Published: February 2020

Several methods for the determination of the temperatures of crystallisation, crystal proliferation and crystal dissolution in cooling crystallisations are presented and compared.
Engineering MoS2 nanostructures from various MoO3 precursors towards hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Wang Wenpin , Yao Qing , Ma Jiaojiao , Xu Yue , Jiang Jiaqin , Liu Xien , Li Zhongcheng
Published: February 2020

MoS2, MoO2–MoS2-B and MoO2–MoS2-R nanoflowers were prepared using α-MoO3 particles, α-MoO3 nanobelts and h-MoO3 microrods, respectively; larger exposure of Mo–S and lower amounts of Mo–O were responsible for the higher HER performance.
Preparation and optimization of nano-sized cocrystals using a quality by design approach
Authors: Thakor Pradip , Yadav Balvant , Modani Sheela , Shastri Nalini R.
Published: February 2020

Nano-cocrystals were optimized using the L-18 Hunter design. Selection of solvent and antisolvent was made using the Damkohler number.
Formation of highly excited iodine atoms from multiphoton excitation of CH3I
Authors: Matthíasson Kristján , Koumarianou Greta , Jiang Meng-Xu , Glodic Pavle , Samartzis Peter C. , Kvaran Ágúst
Published: February 2020

Multiphoto-fragmentation (i.e. photodissociation and photoionization) processes for CH3I determined by slice imaging and mass resolved multiphoton ionization (MR-MPI).
Enhanced moisture stability of cesium lead iodide perovskite solar cells – a first-principles molecular dynamics study
Authors: Busipalli Dhana Lakshmi , Lin Kuan-Yu , Nachimuthu Santhanamoorthi , Jiang Jyh-Chiang
Published: February 2020

An understanding of the interaction of water with perovskite is crucial in improving stability. In this study, the structural and electronic properties of γ-CsPbI3(220) perovskite surface upon the water molecules adsorption are presented.
DFT modelling of explicit solid–solid interfaces in batteries: methods and challenges
Authors: Leung Kevin
Published: February 2020

Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations of electrode material properties in high energy density storage devices like lithium batteries have been standard practice for decades.
Shape controlled assembly of carboxylic acids: formation of a binary monolayer by intercalation into molecular nanotunnels
Authors: Ortiz de la Morena Rodrigo , Asyuda Andika , Lu Hao , Aitchison Hannah , Turner Kelly , Francis Stephen M. , Zharnikov Michael , Buck Manfred
Published: February 2020

Peekaboo on the nanoscale: exposure to molecules of adamantanecarboxylic acid leaves a layer of benzenetricarboxylic acid seemingly unchanged.
Structural interpretation of the energetic performances of a pure silica LTA-type zeolite
Authors: Confalonieri Giorgia , Ryzhikov Andrey , Arletti Rossella , Quartieri Simona , Vezzalini Giovanna , Isaac Carole , Paillaud Jean-Louis , Nouali Habiba , Daou T. Jean
Published: February 2020

The intrusion–extrusion process of various electrolyte aqueous solutions in a hydrophobic pure-silica LTA zeolite was investigated for energetic purposes by means ofin situHP XRPD, porosimeter tests, thermogravimetric analysis and NMR spectroscopy.
Structured Ni–B amorphous alloy catalysts on Ni foam for a gas–liquid–solid microreactor
Authors: Chen Gang , Zhu Xun , Chen Rong , Liao Qiang , Ye Dingding , Feng Hao , Liu Jian , Liu Ming , Wang Kun
Published: February 2020

In this work, structured Ni–B amorphous alloy catalysts on Ni foam (termed as Ni–B/Ni foam catalysts) were proposed for nitrobenzene catalytic hydrogenation by a facile and effective electroless plating technique.
Theoretical studies on the N–X (X = Cl, O) bond activation mechanism in catalytic C–H amination
Authors: Yu Yang , Luo Gen , Yang Jimin , Luo Yi
Published: February 2020

A favorable SN2-type N–Cl bond cleavage mechanism are proposed for Rh-catalysed C–H amination, which also works for N–O bond cleavage in Rh, Ru, and Pd analogous systems. These results could provide new understanding of C–H amination.
Use of optical properties for evaluating the presence of pyrogenic organic matter in thermally altered soil leachates
Authors: McKay Garrett , Hohner Amanda K. , Rosario-Ortiz Fernando L.
Published: February 2020

Optical measurements reveal the presence of pyrogenic organic matter in laboratory heated soil leachates, indicating their potential for application in field measurements.
Regioisomer effects of dibenzofuran-based bipolar host materials on yellow phosphorescent OLED device performance
Authors: Cho Nam Hee , Lee Jun Yeob , Kim Oh Young , Hwang Seok-Ho
Published: February 2020

Four regioisomers were synthesized for use as bipolar host materials for phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) by classic cross-coupling reactions using cyanofluorene and fused dibenzofuran and were readily purified.
Use of flow field-flow fractionation and single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for size determination of selenium nanoparticles in a mixture
Authors: Maknun Luluil , Sumranjit Jitapa , Siripinyanond Atitaya
Published: February 2020

Various analytical techniques have been used for size analysis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs).
Effects of oxygen on the structural evolution of polyacrylonitrile fibers during rapid thermal treatment
Authors: Chen Liang , Shen Zhigang , Liu Jie , Liang Jieying , Wang Xiaoxu
Published: February 2020

Oxygen has significant influence on both the chemical and physical structural evolution of PAN fibers during rapid stabilization.
Steady-state rheology and structure of soft hybrid mixtures of liquid crystals and magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Shrivastav Gaurav P. , H. Siboni Nima , Klapp Sabine H. L.
Published: February 2020

The rhology of liquid crystal–magnetic nanoparticle mixtures is strongly dependent on the strength of the dipolar coupling among the magnetic nanoparticles.
Infiltrating molecular gatekeepers with coexisting molecular solubility and 3D-intrinsic porosity into a microporous polymer scaffold for gas separation
Authors: Wu Ji , Japip Susilo , Chung Tai-Shung
Published: February 2020

Unique macrocyclic cavities facilely infiltrated into polymer scaffolds as size-sieving molecular gatekeepers guarding non-selective micropores for ultra-efficient gas separation.
Beyond the Mahan–Sofo best thermoelectric strategy: high thermoelectric performance from directional π-conjugation in two-dimensional poly(tetrathienoanthracene)
Authors: Deng Tianqi , Yong Xue , Shi Wen , Wong Zicong Marvin , Wu Gang , Pan Hui , Wang Jian-Sheng , Yang Shuo-Wang
Published: February 2020

An intrinsic density-of-states peak leads to a high Seebeck coefficient of two-dimensional COF poly(tetrathienoanthracene) for thermoelectric applications.
Efficient strand displacement amplification via stepwise movement of a bipedal DNA walker on an electrode surface for ultrasensitive detection of antibiotics
Authors: Zhang Rufeng , Zhang Jie , Qu Xiaonan , Li Shasha , Zhao Yihan , Liu Su , Wang Yu , Huang Jiadong , Yu Jinghua
Published: February 2020

Efficient strand displacement amplification via stepwise movement of bipedal DNA walker on electrode surface for ultrasensitive detection of antibiotic.
Use of a smartphone for intelligent detection of cyromazine based on Tween 20 modified gold nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Huihui , Gan Zeyu , Song Chao , Xu Binbin , Guo Zhiyong , Zhou Xi , Chen Zhiwei
Published: February 2020

Use of a smartphone for intelligent detection of cyromazine based on Tween 20 modified gold nanoparticles.
Integrating nitrogen vacancies into crystalline graphitic carbon nitride for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Liu Xun , Jing Binghua , Lun Ganquan , Wang Yingfei , Wang Xiaodan , Fang Chihhsiang , Ao Zhimin , Li Chuanhao
Published: February 2020

Nitrogen vacancies are integrated into crystalline graphitic carbon nitride to generate more reaction sites for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production.
ChiralN,N′-dioxide–iron(iii)-catalyzed asymmetric sulfoxidation with hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Wang Fang , Feng Lili , Dong Shunxi , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming
Published: February 2020

Gram-scale synthesis of drug molecule (R)-modafinil was accomplished by chiralN,N′-dioxide–iron(iii) complex catalyzed asymmetric sulfoxidation.
Tetraphenylethene-based tetracationic dicyclophanes: synthesis, mechanochromic luminescence, and photochemical reactions
Authors: Nian Hao , Li Aisen , Li Yawen , Cheng Lin , Wang Ling , Xu Weiqing , Cao Liping
Published: February 2020

Two TPE-based tetracationic dicyclophanes 1 and 2 exhibited a classic AIE but contrasting mechanochromic luminescence under grinding or hydrostatic pressure in solid state, and photochemical reactions induced by photoirradiation in solution state.
The transition from 4f to 5d elements from the structural point of view
Authors: Alvarez Santiago
Published: February 2020

How structural properties reflect the transition from lanthanides to transition metals.
Research on the correlation of mechanical properties of BN–graphene–BN/BN vertically-stacked nanostructures in the presence of interlayer sp3 bonds and nanopores with temperature
Authors: Yao Wenjuan , Fan Lei
Published: February 2020

In this study, we investigate the coupling of an internal field (defect field-sp3 bonds and nanopores) and an external field (strain and temperature).
Recent advances in ternary layered double hydroxide electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Gonçalves Josué M. , Martins Paulo R. , Angnes Lucio , Araki Koiti
Published: February 2020

The recent advances in ternary layered double hydroxide electrocatalysts, including the strategies used for the design, synthesis, and evaluation of their performance for oxygen evolution reaction are reviewed in this account.
Effect of a protein corona on the fibrinogen induced cellular oxidative stress of gold nanoparticles
Authors: Kuschnerus Inga , Lau Michael , Giri Kalpeshkumar , Bedford Nicholas , Biazik Joanna , Ruan Juanfang , Garcia-Bennett Alfonso
Published: February 2020

The protein corona of nanoparticles is becoming a tool to understand the relation between intrinsic physicochemical properties and extrinsic biological behaviour.
Facile fabrication of porous BiVO4hollow spheres with improved visible-light photocatalytic properties
Authors: Mao Jun , Wu Qian , Tao Feifei , Xu Wen , Hong Tianjie , Dong Yali
Published: February 2020

Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) hollow spheres with porous structure have been successfully fabricated by a one-step wet solution method with no surfactant and template.
Synergistic boron-dopants and boron-induced oxygen vacancies in MnO2 nanosheets to promote electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction
Authors: Chu Ke , Liu Ya-ping , Cheng Yong-hua , Li Qing-qing
Published: February 2020

The synergistic effect of B-dopants and B-dopant-induced O-vacancies led to the significantly enhanced NRR activity of MnO2 nanosheets with an NH3 yield of 54.2 μg h−1 mg−1 (−0.4 V) and a faradaic efficiency of 16.8% (−0.2 V).
Survey of Gravitationally lensed Objects in HSC Imaging (SuGOHI)
Authors: Chan James H. H. , Suyu Sherry H. , Sonnenfeld Alessandro , Jaelani Anton T. , More Anupreeta , Yonehara Atsunori , Kubota Yuriko , Coupon Jean , Lee Chien-Hsiu , Oguri Masamune , Rusu Cristian E. , Wong Kenneth C.
Published: February 2020

Strong gravitationally lensed quasars provide a powerful means to study galaxy evolution and cosmology. We use CHITAH, which is an algorithm used to hunt for new lens systems, particularly lensed quasars, in the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC SSP) S16A. We present 46 lens candidates, of which 3 are previously known. We select four high-grade candidates from CHITAHfor spectroscopic follow-up observations, and include two additional lenses found by YATTALENS, an algorithm used to classify lensed galaxies. We obtain X-shooter spectra of these six promising candidates for lens confirmation and redshift measurements. We report new spectroscopic redshift measurements for both the lens and source galaxies in four lens systems. We apply the lens modeling software GLEEto model our six X-shooter lenses uniformly. Through our analysis of the HSC images, we find that HSCJ022622−042522, HSCJ115252+004733, and HSCJ141136−010216 have point-like lensed images, and that the lens light distribution is well aligned with the lens mass distribution within 6 deg. We estimate the fluxes of the lensed source emission lines using X-shooter spectra, and use line ratio as a diagnostic on the Baldwin-Phillips-Terlevich (BPT) diagram. As a result, we find that HSCJ022622−042522 has a probable quasar source based on the upper limit of the [N II] flux intensity. We also measure the FWHM of Lyαemission of HSCJ141136−010216 to be ∼233 km s−1, showing that it is a probable Lyman-αemitter.
A New Method of Flutter Boundary Prediction for Progressive Variable Speed Based on EM-KS Algorithm
Authors: Liu Junhao , Zheng Hua , Duan Shiqiang , Pei Chengming
Published: February 2020

The flutter test with progression variable speed is actively explored in recent years. This paper proposes an improved Kalman smoothing filter (EM-KS) algorithm based on expectation maximization for the non-stationary characteristics of the signal in this type of experiment, which can effectively improve the estimation accuracy of time-varying parameter modeling. Combining with the flutter time domain criterion, a new method for flutter boundary prediction of flutter test with progression variable speed that can be recursively implemented is given. Finally, the reliability and engineering applicability of this method are validated by numerical simulation and measured data. The results show that the flutter boundary prediction method based on EM-KS does not depend on the assumption of stationary stochastic process, and the accuracy can meet the actual engineering needs.
LPV Robust Controller Design with Regional Pole Assignment for an Aero-Engine
Authors: Jia Qiusheng , Shi Xinxing , Li Yan , LI Huacong
Published: February 2020

The aerodynamic characteristics of aero-engine, which have a wide range of flight envelopes, vary drastically, so its controller is required to be able to adapt to a large range of parameter variations and have good robustness. To solve the above problem, based on the regional pole assignment, a new aero-engine multi-variable robust gain scheduled LPV control algorithm was proposed. Firstly, the Jacobian linearization method was used to obtain polynomial LPV model of aero-engine, which can describe its dynamic performance under certain conditions. Further, aiming at the polynomial LPV model, a LPV output feedback controller with the closed-loop system pole placement in a given region, which satisfied robust H∞ performance requirement, is designed using the LMI method. Then the grid method is used to transform the Lyapunov functional which depend on the scheduling parameters into a single Lyapunov function, which can guarantee the system has good steady performance. Finally, simulation studies have carried out based on a certain turbofan engine. The simulation results show that the designed controller can realize the accurate tracking of control commands with response time less than 1.6 s, over shoot less than 1% and steady-state tracking error less than 0.1%. The control system can guarantee the global stability and has good robustness in the design envelope.
A Visual Object Tracking Algorithm Based on Dynamics Pattern and Convolutional Feature
Authors: Zhang Boyan , Zhong Yong , Li Zhendong
Published: February 2020

Deep visual feature-based method has demonstrated impressive performance in visual tracking attributing to its powerful capability of visual feature representation. However, in some complex environments such as dramatic change of appearance, illumination variation and rotation, the extracted deep visual feature is insufficient for accurately characterizing the target. To solve this problem, we present an integrated tracking framework which combines a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network and a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Firstly, the LSTM extracted dynamics feature of target on time sequence, resulting the state of target at present time step. With that state, the accurate preprocessed bounding box was obtained. Then, deep convolutional feature of the target was extracted using a CNN, based on the processed bounding box. Finally, the position of the target was determined based on the score of the feature. During tracking stage, in order to improve the adaptation of the network, the parameters of the network were updated using samples of the target captured while successful tracking. The experiment shows that the proposed method achieves outstanding tracking performance and robustness in cases of partial occlusion, out-of-view, motion blur and fast motion.
Hypertonie und Niere
Authors: Hausberg Martin
Published: February 2020

Inhibitoren von SGLT2 (Sodium Glucose Transporter 2: Natrium-Glukose-Transporter Typ 2) werden in der klinischen Routine zur Diabetesbehandlung in Deutschland seit 2012 eingesetzt. Die Pharmaka hemmen durch die Blockade des Natrium-Glukose-Kotransporters Typ 2 im proximalen Tubulus die Absorption von Glukose und Natrium, wobei 90 % der glomerulär filtrierten Glukose normalerweise durch diesen Transporter reabsorbiert wird. Somit kommt es zu einer erheblichen renalen Ausscheidung von Glukose und Natrium 1. Im Vergleich zu Sulfonylharnstoffen wird dadurch langfristig eine bessere Glukosekontrolle bei Typ-2-Diabetikern erreicht. Die glukosesenkende Wirksamkeit ist jedoch GFR-abhängig. Daher wurden die verschiedenen Gliflozine (in Deutschland sind nur Dapagliflozin und Empagliflozin verfügbar) nur für Diabetiker mit einer eGFR von über 60 ml/min zugelassen, wobei sie bei unter Therapie im Verlauf verschlechterter Nierenfunktion bis zu einer eGFR von 45 ml/min weiter verwendet werden dürfen.
Berufsverbände
Authors: Tast Christa , Balhorn Jutta
Published: February 2020

In diesem Beitrag wird Jutta Balhorn, Fachkrankenschwester für Nephrologie, interviewt. Sie war von 1984–1988 Präsidentin der EDTNA/ERCA, von 1989–2005 Pflegedirektorin des Dialyse-Kuratorium-Hamburg e. V., hat Gesundheits- und Sozialmanagement in Hamburg studiert und ist seit 2005 mit nephro-consulting selbstständig.