bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Stereochemistry of Halopyridyl and Thiazolyl Thiourea Compounds is a Major Determinant of Their Potency as Nonnucleoside Inhibitors of HIV‐1 Reverse Transcriptase.
Authors: Venkatachalam T. K. , Sudbeck E. A. , Mao C. , Uckun F. M.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: CVD or Zr—Sn—Ti—O Thin Films by Direct Injection of Solventless Liquid Precursor Mixtures.
Authors: Senzaki; Yoshihide Senzaki; Yoshihide , Alers Glenn B. , Hochberg Arthur K. , Roberts David A. , Norman John A. T. , Fleming Robert M. , Krautter Henry
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microporous Titanosilicates and Other Novel Mixed Octahedral‐Tetrahedral Framework Oxides
Authors: Rocha Joao , Anderson Michael W.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Formation of a Solid from the Reaction SiCl4(g) + O2(g)→SiO2 (s) + 2Cl2(g)
Authors: Binnewies Michael , Jug Karl
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Effect of Pressure on Organic Reactions
Authors: Klaerner Frank‐Gerrit , Wurche Frank
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetra‐n‐propyl Ammonium Perruthenate (TPAP) — An Efficient and Selective Reagent for Oxidation Reactions in Solution and on the Solid Phase
Authors: Langer Peter
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Heteryladamantanes. Part 3. Six‐, Seven‐, and Eight‐Membered Heteryladamantanes
Authors: Litvinov V. P. , Shvekhgeimer M.‐G. A.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Electrochemical Fluorination as a Locomotive for the Development of Fluorine Chemistry
Authors: Abe Takashi
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Room Temperature Ionic Liquids of Alkylimidazolium Cations and Fluoroanions
Authors: Hagiwara Rika , Ito Yasuhiko
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparations and Reactions of β‐Fluoro‐Substituted Vinamidinium Salts
Authors: Yamanaka Hiroki , Ishihara Takashi
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorination of Alkenes by Iodoarene Difluorides
Authors: Sawaguchi Masanori , Hara Shoji , Yoneda Norihiko
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Proanthocyanidins
Authors: Ferreira Daneel , van Rensburg Hendrik , Malan Elfranco , Coetzee Johan , Nel Reinier J. J.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments and Applications of Polymer‐Supported Reagents in Synthetic Organic Chemistry
Authors: Brummer Oliver , Clapham Bruce , Janda Kim D.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Controlling Asymmetric Catalyzed Reactions Through Ligand Effects
Authors: Rajanbabu T. V.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Modeling of Heterogeneous Catalysts Using Simple Geometry Supports
Authors: Datye Abhaya K.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Designer Cyclopeptides for Self‐Assembled Tubular Structures
Authors: Ranganathan Darshan , Lakshmi C. , Haridas V. , Gopikumar M.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Calixarene‐Based Catalytic Systems
Authors: Cacciapaglia Roberta , Mandolini Luigi
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Calixarenes in Self‐Assembly Phenomena
Authors: Bohmer Volker , Shivanyuk Alexander
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Matrix Effects in the Reactions of Organic Radical Cations in Ground and Excited States in Solid Phase
Authors: Fel'dman V. I. , Mel'nikov M. Ya.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rediscovering the Lattice‐Fluid Theory for Phase Equilibria of Complex Mixtures
Authors: Yoo Ki‐Pung , Lee Chul Soo
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Physicochemical Methods Used to Study Internal Structures of Liquid Binary Mixtures
Authors: Kinart Cezary M. , Kinart Wojciech J.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Millisecond Chemical Reactions and Reactors
Authors: Schmidt Lanny D.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ab initio Polypeptide Structure Prediction
Authors: Derreumaux Philippe
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Dianions of O‐, M‐, P‐Carboranes from ab initio Calculations
Authors: Hermansson Kersti , Wojcik Mark , Sjoberg Stefan
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Research News What′s Up with Chelates
Authors: Sanghi Rashmi
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Numerical Simulation of Solid‐State NMR Experiments
Authors: Hodgkinson P. , Emsley L.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
One‐Step Synthesis of α‐Pyrones from Acyl Chlorides by the Stille Reaction.
Authors: Thibonnet Jerome , Abarbri Mohamed , Parrain Jean‐Luc , Duchene Alain
Published: June 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Pd‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions of the Cycloadducts from 3,5‐Dibromo‐2‐pyrone and Their Synthetic Applications Towards Various Mono‐ and Polycyclic Compounds.
Authors: Lee Hyung‐Soo , Kim Daesung , Won Hoshik , Choi Jung Hoon , Lee Haiwon , Cho Cheon‐Gyu
Published: June 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Macrocycles from Polyfluoro‐pyridine Derivatives
Authors: Chambers Richard D. , Hoskin Philip R. , Khalil Ali , Richmond Paul , Sandford Graham , Yufit Dmitrii S. , Howard Judith A. K.
Published: June 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Europium Complexes of Tris(dipicolinato) Derivatives Coupled to Methylumbelliferone: A Double Sensitization
Authors: Andres Julien , Chauvin Anne‐Sophie
Published: June 2010

A para‐poly(oxyethylene) dipicolinic acid derivative coupled to methylumbelliferone was synthesized and used as a ligand for coordination with europium ions. Characterization of the complex by mass spectrometry and spectrophotometry was performed in aqueous solution and points to the formation of the 1:3 Eu/L complex. Physicochemical properties are close to those of already reported dipicolinato complexes, confirming that the presence of a coumarin chromophore does not interfere with complex formation. Photophysical measurements result in observed lifetimes of 1.4 ms and intrinsic quantum yields, ΦEuEu, ranging from 33 to 50 % (depending on the solvent used). Selective excitation can be performed either mostly on the dipicolinate (DPA) backbone (at 280 nm) or exclusively on the coupled coumarin chromophore in the near visible range (320 nm). Despite the spatial distance between the antenna and the lanthanide ion, europium emission was observed upon 320 nm excitation together with the coumarin emission. The different sensitization pathways have been explored and rationalized. Finally, the complex has been used to probe the ratio of a binary mixture of solvent, establishing the potential interest of this new class of ligands in many fields of research, from photophysics to applied chemistry.
Pyrido‐Annulated 1,3‐Azaphospholes: Synthesis of 1,3‐Azaphospholo[5,4‐b]pyridines and Preliminary Reactivity Studies
Authors: Adam Mohamed Shaker S. , Jones Peter G. , Heinicke Joachim W.
Published: June 2010

Pyrido‐annulated σ2‐phosphorus heterocycles, 1,3‐azaphospholo[5,4‐b]pyridines 4 and 5, were synthesized by reduction of diethyl 2‐aminopyridine‐3‐phosphonates 1 with LiAlH4 and cyclocondensation of the resulting 2‐amino‐3‐phosphanylpyridines 2 with dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide dimethyl acetal, respectively, via intermediate phosphaalkenes 3. The P=C–N heterocycles are stable in the presence of OH and NH compounds but add tBuLi at the P=C bond. Reaction with one equivalent of M(CO)5(thf) leadsto η1‐P‐coordinated (azaphospholo[5,4‐b]pyridine)M(CO)5 complexes (M = Cr, Mo, W). Spectroscopic data are in accordance with the dominance of π‐acceptor properties. X‐ray crystal structure analyses reveal “base‐pairing” of 2‐amino‐3‐phosphanylpyridine (2a) and NH‐functional azaphospholopyridine 5a by N–H···N hydrogen bonds, and the competing formation of 1,3‐diphosphetane 6c from the phosphaalkene intermediate.
Vapour‐Induced Amorphous–Crystalline Transformation of a Luminescent Platinum(II)–Diimine Complex (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 17/2010)
Authors: Kobayashi Atsushi , Yonemura Tsubasa , Kato Masako
Published: June 2010

The cover picture shows the amorphous–crystalline transformation of the newly synthesized platinum(II)–diimine complex Na2[Pt(CN)2(dcbpy)]·2H2O induced by exposure to several hydrophilic solvent vapours. The transformation is accompanied by siginificant colour and luminescence changes. Details are discussed in the article by M. Kato et al. on p. 2465 ff.
Analysis of mitochondria by capillary electrophoresis: cardiolipin levels decrease in response to carbonyl cyanide 4‐(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone
Authors: Zhao Wenfeng , O Waisum , Fung Yingsing , Cheung May Puilai
Published: June 2010

Cardiolipin is an important phospholipid present in the inner membrane of mitochondria. It plays a critical role in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis mediated by oxidative phosphorylation. Exposure of HepG2 cells to carbonyl cyanide 4‐(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone (FCCP) caused the inhibition of ATP synthesis and the depolarization of mitochondria. Capillary electrophoresis with laser‐induced fluorescence (CE‐LIF) analysis of fluorescent mitochondrion‐selective probe 10‐N‐nonyl acridine orange (NAO) labeled mitochondria was employed toin situestimate the cardiolipin levels under FCCP‐induced de‐energization of mitochondria. NAO, stoichiometriclly bound to cardiolipin at a 1:1 or 2:1 molar ratio (NAO/cardiolipin), emitted green and red fluorescence, respectively. Green fluorescence was chosen for cardiolipin content analysis because it was more intense than red fluorescence. A significant decrease in the cardiolipin content, up to 11% of the control, was evident when the ATP content and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) correspondingly decreased. These related findings suggested that CE‐LIF may provide a sensitive strategy to determine cardiolipin content in response to exposure to chemical uncouplers. This reinforces the hypothesis that alterations in ATP synthesis and MMP have a close association with cardiolipin content, which correlated tightly with mitochondrial membrane assembly and activity.
HOTf‐Catalyzed Rearrangement of Methylenecyclopropane Aryl and Alkyl Alcohols
Authors: Tang Xiang‐Ying , Shi Min
Published: June 2010

An efficient method to synthesize multisubstituted naphthalene and cyclobutanol derivatives through ring opening/ring enlargement of readily available methylenecyclopropane diaryl alcohols or dialkyl‐ and monoalkyl‐ as well as monoaryl alcohols in moderate to good yields has been described in this paper. The formation of naphthalene derivatives is a sequential reaction involving a cation‐induced ring opening of cyclopropane, a Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction, followed by aromatization. On the other hand, the production of cyclobutanol derivatives is a cation‐induced ring‐enlargement process. The scope and limitations have also been presented.
Estimation and management of magnetic flux density produced by underground cables in multiple‐circuit feeders
Authors: Lai Gordon G. , Yang Chien‐feng , Su Ching‐Tzong
Published: June 2010

The purpose of this paper is to estimate and reduce the magnetic flux density of multiple‐circuit underground cable feeders with randomly varying loads. The load in each phase of feeder circuits is assumed to be normally distributed. The probability distribution function of maximum magnetic flux density above the underground cable feeders is determined by using statistical approach. The optimal‐phase arrangement of feeder circuits with minimum magnetic flux density is also explored by using the genetic algorithms (GA). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Closed loop price signal based market operation within Microgrids
Authors: Pudjianto Danny , Mancarella Pierluigi , Gan Chin Kim , Strbac Goran
Published: June 2010

Within a general Microgrid framework, this paper presents a model to simulate closed loop energy and ancillary services markets operated by a Microgrid Central Controller (MGCC) and to investigate the performance of such a market mechanism in managing disturbances both within and outside the Microgrid cell. The proposed approach can be seen as an alternative to a more traditional control approach in which the central operator optimises the dispatch of all generators taking into account their bids and then instructing them to produce their outputs at the specified prices according to merit order and network constraints. In the alternative approach discussed here, this dispatch decision is decentralised to each controllable unit. The central operator only influences the decision taken by each unit via price signals. The main advantage of the approach is to preserve the independency of the local controllers and to decentralise the operation decision, making the system more able to cope with a large number of generating units. The performance of the proposed market mechanism is examined via different case studies that simulate the control actions of MGCC, micro‐sources and controllable loads in managing small and large disturbances within and outside the Microgrid cell. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The ancillary insolvency proceeding
Authors: Menéndez Ángel Espiniella
Published: June 2010

The main legal acts on International Insolvency Law (the European Regulation, the UNCITRAL Model Act and the European Convention on Certain International Aspects of Bankruptcy) lay down several local proceedings with substantive effects as regards the debtor, the distribution of proceeds and the ranking of claims. These—full—proceedings are characterized by a high degree of unpredictability and prove to be inadequate for creditors. These are the reasons why, as an immediate solution, the existing insolvency rules should be reinterpreted according to a certain logic of the market. However, such revision would only partially and provisionally solve the inconveniences of the current model. The true and ‘unsolvable’ problem is that even though the full local proceeding is based on international assistance, it alters the substantive insolvency rules. Therefore, in future it would be necessary to create a truly ancillary proceeding. Such a proceeding would not have any substantive effect as regards the debtor, the creditors and third parties, nor would it require any kind of distribution of proceeds and ranking of claims. However, this proceeding would enable to provide procedural assistance to foreign courts and procedural protection to local creditors. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and resonant frequency calculation of rectangular microstrip antennas
Authors: Merad L. , Bendimerad F. T. , Meriah Sidi Mohammed
Published: June 2010

This study introduces an original theoretical approach for rectangular microstrip antennas analysis and design. The purpose method consists in the coupling between artificial neural networks tool applied to the analysis of rectangular antennas and a tabu search for the optimization. A neural network acting as database will allow to reduce strongly the computation time. This method will be illustrated in four examples. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A distinct region of microarchitectural variation in femoral compact bone: Histomorphology of the endosteal lamellar pocket
Authors: Maggiano I. S. , Maggiano C. M. , Tiesler V. , Kierdorf H. , Stout S. D. , Schultz M.
Published: June 2010

Bone is a dynamic tissue, responding locally to differential mechanical loading and systemically to hormonal stimuli. Although the tendency is to consider compact bone a homogenous tissue, regional variations in microarchitecture are known to have quite different properties relating to processes of growth and mechanical loading. Specifically, we investigated an example of microstructural variation of the human, adult femoral endocortex, referred to here as the endosteal lamellar pocket (ELP). The femoral ELP is characterised as a histomorphological meta‐feature, made distinct from general circumferential lamellae by its hemicircumferential lamellar orientation, medial positioning, radially oriented Volkmann's canals and decreased presence of Haversian systems. Our preliminary observations of mid‐diaphyseal transverse thin‐ground sections demonstrate the ELP as a regular meta‐feature of adult human femora unearthed from the Maya archaeological site of Xcambó, Mexico. ELPs were easily identified in 38 of 45 examined individuals. Their size, shape and degree of secondary remodelling were variable. In comparison, ELP lamellae and those originating from the periosteum are divergent, or non‐concentric in orientation. This divergence, along with the ELP's medial position, suggest it forms during growth through endosteal modelling drift. Possible considerations for ELP formation and persistence with age are discussed as well as its implications for the study of bone dynamics during growth and activity. Further research is necessary to quantitatively measure the morphology of ELPs and to identify any co‐variance between ELP characteristics and age, sex or indicators of mechanical loading. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Small‐area population forecasting: borrowing strength across space and time
Authors: Chi Guangqing , Voss Paul R.
Published: June 2010

Demographic forecasting techniques do not perform particularly well for small areas. In this study we propose a spatio‐temporal regression approach for small‐area population forecasting that borrows strength from what has happened nearby and what has happened in the past. In particular, a regression model incorporating temporally lagged neighbour growth and neighbour characteristics is applied to examine population change at the minor civil division (MCD) governmental level in Wisconsin, USA since 1960. For each MCD, the population growth rate for 1980–1990 is regressed on its growth rate for 1970–1980, its various characteristics in 1980, neighbour growth rates for 1970–1980, and neighbour characteristics in 1980. The estimated regression coefficients are then used for projecting population in 2000. Accuracy of the forecasts is measured against the 2000 Census counts. The state's official MCD projections for 2000, which were based on an extrapolation projection – the most often used traditional population forecasting approach for small geographic areas – are taken as the ‘gold standard’ against which improvements through the regression formulations are sought. The projection evaluations reveal mixed results and do not suggest unambiguous preference for the spatio‐temporal regression approach or the extrapolation projection. We discuss several reasons for the inability of our spatio‐temporal forecasting model to outshine the simple extrapolation forecast. Although this is disappointing, the proposed approach is more solidly theoretically grounded and provides useful information to policy and decision makers at the community level regarding the consequences of various developmental strategies being adopted by themselves as well as by their neighbours. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three diterpenes from Leonurus japonicus houtt protect primary cultured rat cortical cells from glutamate‐induced toxicity
Authors: Moon Hyung‐In
Published: June 2010

To examine the cytoprotective effects of Leonurus japonicus Houtt, its protection against the glutamate‐induced toxicity in primary cortical cultured neurons was tested. In order to clarify the cytoprotective mechanism(s) of this observed effect, isolation was performed to seek and identify active fractions and components. By such fractionation, three known diterpenes – prehispanolone (1), leojaponin (2) and iso‐preleoheterin (3) – were isolated from the methanol extracts from the air‐dried L. japonicus. Among these three compounds, leojaponin (2) exhibited significant cytoprotective activities against glutamate‐induced toxicity, exhibiting cell viability of about 50%, at concentrations ranging from 0.1 μm to 10 μm. Therefore, the cytoprotective effect of L. japonicus might be due to the inhibition of glutamate‐induced toxicity by the diterpenes it contains. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro and ex vivo antiangiogenic activity of salvia officinalis
Authors: Keshavarz Maryam , Mostafaie Ali , Mansouri Kamran , Bidmeshkipour Ali , Motlagh Hamid Reza Mohammadi , Parvaneh Shahram
Published: June 2010

Angiogenesis is a key process in the promotion of cancer and its metastasis. Herein, the antiangiogenic activity of Salvia officinalis extract and its fractions was investigated. S. officinalis aerial parts were extracted with ethanol and its successive hexane, ethyl acetate, n‐butanol and aqueous fractions were evaluated for their antiangiogenic activities using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) capillary tube formation and rat aorta models in a three‐dimensional collagen matrix. Furthermore, antimigrative effects of the fractions were assessed using a wound healing model. The ethanol extract of S. officinalis (ESO) potently inhibited capillary tube formation in HUVEC and rat aorta models of angiogenesis, and its hexane fraction (HSO) exerted the highest inhibitory effect. In addition, the ethanol extract of S. officinalis and its hexane fraction showed a dose‐dependent inhibitory activity on the migration of the endothelial cells in the wound healing model. Furthermore, ESO inhibited endothelial cell proliferation at 50–200 μg/mL in a dose‐dependent manner. These findings indicated some new pharmacological activities of S. officinalis such as antiangiogenic in vitro and ex vivo, and antimigrative activity in vitro. Therefore, S. officinalis could be a candidate as a useful herb with therapeutic or preventive activity against angiogenesis related disorders. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MSc in clinical research – Danube University Krems
Authors: Lukat Karl‐Friedrich , Gleiter Christoph H.
Published: June 2010

Leading positions in clinical research require a complex profile of different qualifications. This article presents a curriculum offered by Danube University Krems to individuals to accommodate this educational need. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collaborative governance for sustainable development: wind resource assessment in Xinjiang and Guangdong Provinces, China
Authors: Mah Daphne Ngar‐yin , Hills Peter
Published: June 2010

Wind power is potentially a key energy option that can assist China in meeting its sustainability goals but at present plays only a limited role in the country's energy system. Wind resource assessment (WRA) has been identified as a key impediment to the further development of this energy source. This paper examines whether collaborative governance can help to improve WRA in China, and if so through what mechanisms.

Collaborative initiatives involving WRA in two Chinese provinces, Xinjiang and Guangdong, are reviewed. This suggests that, while the central government has an important role to play, there are many opportunities for locally based collaborative initiatives to function as an alternative, complementary approach to facilitate WRA. Contextual elements such as local resources (including leadership and local knowledge) and governance structures (such as social networks) are identified as key conditions facilitating collaboration. The paper concludes that a broader perspective placing more emphasis beyond the central government in capacity building for WRA is required to enhance the prospects for the transition to a more sustainable energy system in China. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Stakeholder engagement in waste recycling in a high‐rise setting
Authors: Yau Yung
Published: June 2010

The efficacy of waste recycling is closely associated with the environmental sustainability of a city. However, just like many other environmental protection initiatives, waste recycling requires stakeholder engagement to succeed. Exploring determinants of waste recycling behaviour helps policy‐makers to formulate schemes to promote recycling effectively. While most literature has studied the factors affecting waste recycling in low‐rise low‐density housing, little ink has been spilt on the same in a high‐rise high‐density residential setting. In this paper, the determinants of the amount of recyclables collected in 122 private high‐rise housing estates in Hong Kong are investigated, with the use of a set of aggregate data. Household income, age and institution of regular reward schemes were found to have positive relationships with the amount of recyclables collected. Despite the optimism among some scholars about more conveniently located waste drop‐off facilities as a motivator for waste recycling, the analysis results of this empirical study suggest that a floor‐based system of waste separation facilities is by itself not likely to be effective in promoting domestic waste recycling in high‐rises. To tackle the contemporary waste problem for the city's sustainable development, resort should be made to more intensified environmental education and economic incentives. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Secure reputation monitoring system—a novel connected dominating set‐based framework for WSNs
Authors: Srinivasan A. , Li F. , Wu J.
Published: June 2010

Reputation and Trust‐based Monitoring Systems (RTMSs) have provided a ubiquitous framework for secure Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) computing. However, neighborhood monitoring, though useful, consumes substantial amounts of sensor resources. Therefore, employing sensors for neighborhood monitoring, which is secondary to their intended duties, depletes valuable and scarce resources. This eventually leads to shortened network lifetime, which is counter‐productive in WSNs. In this paper, we propose a novel, Connected Dominating Set (CDS)‐based reputation monitoring system. Our model is the first attempt to employ a CDS‐based monitoring backbone to securely aggregate the reputation of sensors without subjecting them to energy depletion or reputation pollution attacks encountered in existing reputation monitoring systems. Secure and certificateless node mobility and robustness to node replication and ID spoofing attacks are two vital by‐products of our model. We confirm the performance of our model via simulation studies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MeV‐energy probe SIMS imaging of major components in washed and fractured animal cells
Authors: Yamada H. , Nakata Y. , Ninomiya S. , Seki T. , Aoki T. , Tamura J. , Matsuo J.
Published: June 2010

Molecular images of pretreated animal cells were measured by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) with MeV‐energy ion beam. SIMS analysis was performed for cell surfaces washed with buffers not only at high vacuum, but also at several tens Pa by using an orthogonal acceleration time of flight mass spectrometer (oaTOFMS) system. Moreover, molecular images of major components from washed and freeze fractured cells were obtained using MeV‐energy probe SIMS. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of the H:C ratio on the sputtering of molecular solids by fullerenes
Authors: Webb Roger P. , Garrison Barbara J. , Vickerman John C.
Published: June 2010

The understanding of the process by which molecular solids are sputtered by keV clusters such as C60 is of great importance if cluster SIMS is to be routinely used to depth profile a wide range of molecular materials. Computer simulations of the impact of a C60 cluster on a molecular solid show that an impact crater is produced. At the edges of the crater, a reaction zone is created which contains fragmented and cross‐linked molecules. It has been shown previously that this ‘reaction zone’ can be extensive for a molecular material like fullerite, and yet, for benzene it appears to be smaller. It is well known that fullerite cross‐links through cycloaddition under compression in which the normal sp2 bonding in the fullerene molecules takes on a tetragonal sp3 pattern when two molecules are forced together creating a strong cross‐link between them. It is this process which leads to such an extensive reaction zone after impact. The presence of hydrogen in other molecular systems could resist this process. The purpose of the investigation reported here is to observe the nature of the reaction zone for different molecular systems with varying hydrogen content and different initial coordination. Molecular dynamics simulations of molecular solids of octane, octatetraene, benzene and fullerite struck by 15 keV C60 were performed. Octane is initially four‐fold coordinated, whilst the other molecular solids are all three‐fold coordinated. The reaction zone of the crater formed by the impact was measured and it was concluded that the H:C ratio influences the nature of the reaction zone, whereas the initial coordination has only a secondary effect on the reaction zone. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of SiC bond formation in 20 keV C60 bombardment of Si
Authors: Krantzman Kristin D. , Garrison Barbara J.
Published: June 2010

We have performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the effect of SiC bond formation on fluence‐dependent results in 20 keV C60 bombardment of Si. Sputter depth profiling experiments of C60 on Si have produced atypical results, which are thought to be caused by the strong covalent bonds that are formed between the C atoms in the projectile and Si atoms in the substrate. A recently developed scheme developed by Russo, et al.8 has been adapted to perform MD simulations of 150 successive impacts of 20 keV C60 on Si, which corresponds to a total fluence of 2.64 × 1013 impacts/cm2. In order to isolate the effects of SiC bond formation, the same set of trajectories is calculated with and without the attractive SiC potential energy terms. When SiC bonds are able to form, nearly all the C atoms from the projectile are incorporated into the substrate. When the possibility of SiC bond formation is removed, most of the C atoms are backscattered into the vacuum. The cumulative result is that the substrate with SiC bonds contains a factor of twenty times more C atoms, which are located below the surface. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cadmium and zinc localization by SIMS in leaves of Populus deltoides (cv. Lena) grown in a metal polluted soil
Authors: Migeon Aude , Audinot Jean‐Nicolas , Eybe Tanja , Richaud Pierre , Damien Blaudez , Migeon Henri‐Noel , Chalot Michel
Published: June 2010

Poplar (Populus) species can relatively accumulate high concentrations of heavy metals such as cadmium and zinc in their aboveground tissues. Cd accumulation in poplar is 30 times higher as compared to other woody species. Zn concentrations in leaves ranged from 200 to 1000 mg kg−1 dry weight (DW) and Cd concentrations from 10 to 70 mg kg−1 DW on metal polluted sites. These plants possess effective mechanisms for heavy metal translocation into aerial parts. However cellular localization of zinc and cadmium is still unknown in these species. In order to elucidate the precise localisation of these elements, leaves of poplar (Populus deltoides cv. Lena) was grown on metal polluted soil and analysed by SIMS. Using primary gallium source (FIB) mounted on IMS‐6f, it was possible to performed secondary ions positives images with a lateral resolution above to 100 nm. In this study, SIMS analysis has been performed on cross section of leaves. Results were compared with global measurement performed by ICP‐AES on reference sample (no contaminated) and poplar exposed to metals. Elemental maps of cadmium and zinc were obtained which revealed the high concentrations of metals in both the mesophyll and in the epidermal cell layer. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MCs+ depth profiling using cluster primary ions
Authors: Niehuis E. , Grehl T. , Kollmer F. , Moellers R. , Rading D. , Kersting R. , Hagenhoff B.
Published: June 2010

The emission of Cs+ and MCs+ ions from various materials like Si, Al, Ti, Fe and Zn under Bi1 and C60 cluster bombardment is studied in the TOF‐SIMS dual‐beam mode with low‐energy Cs sputtering. High yield enhancements up to 2000 are observed for C60 primary ions, in particular for materials with low sputter yields at high Cs surface concentration. The results indicate a significant improvement in the Cs+ ionization probabilities for C60 in the case of a work function smaller than the ionization potential of Cs. High, and rather uniform MCs+ yields, can be achieved for the different materials, and depth profiling using cluster primary ions has a significant potential for quantitative SIMS analysis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ToF‐SIMS depth profiling of trehalose: the effect of analysis beam dose on the quality of depth profiles
Authors: Muramoto Shin , Brison Jeremy , Castner David G.
Published: June 2010

In static SIMS experiments, an analysis dose of 1012 ions/cm2 typically produces optimum results. However, the same dose used in dual beam depth profiling can significantly degrade the signal. This is because during each analysis cycle a high‐energy beam is rastered across the same x‐y location on the sample. If a sufficient amount of sample is not removed during each sputter cycle, the subsequent analysis cycle will sample a volume degraded by the previous analysis cycles. The dimensionless parameter, R′, is used to relate the amount of damage accumulated in the sample to the amount of analysis beam dose used relative to the etching beam. Depth profiles from trehalose films spin‐cast onto silicon wafers acquired using Bi1+ and Bi3+ analysis beams were compared. As R′ increased, the depth profile and the depth resolution (interface width) both degraded. At R′ values below 0.04 for both Bi1+ and Bi3+, the shape of the profile as well as the depth resolution (9 nm) indicated that dual beam analysis can be superior to C60 single beam depth profiling. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface chemistry of deinked pulps as analysed by XPS and ToF‐SIMS
Authors: Orblin Elina , Fardim Pedro
Published: June 2010

The surface chemistry of recycled deinked pulps made from old newspaper (ONP) and mixed office waste (MOW) was investigated by XPS and time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS). The short and the long fibre fractions of the pulps were separated and their differences in surface chemistry were assessed. The amount of surface anionic groups (SAG) and the surface coverage by carbohydrates, lignin and extractives were calculated from the XPS measurements. Metal traces were observed on feed pulps and the fines fractions of both ONP and MOW, some of them exposed after extraction. Only fines of ONP showed a quantifiable amount of surface extractives. The amount of surface lignin did not differ significantly between the ONP fractions. The method presented high values of surface lignin on MOW, especially fines fraction, which was considered, in fact, a measure of other surface contamination. There were no remarkable differences between the SAGs in the different fractions. Residual chemicals from paper converting, printing and deinking were detected on the fibre surfaces by ToF‐SIMS spectrometry. The distributions of trace metals (e.g. Fe, Al and Mg), pulp components and some common contaminants were assessed using ToF‐SIMS imaging. It was discovered that the fibre surfaces were covered by patchy ink residuals at raster sizes of 200 µm × 200 µm. A uniform layer of siloxanes and phthalates was also detected on every sample. The residual paper and printing chemicals can affect interactions in papermaking and reduce the fibre‐to‐fibre bonds in the recycled paper. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alkaline earth metal salts of CaCO3, BaCO3, and SrCO3 as matrix for tryptophan SIMS analysis
Authors: Stupavska M. , Aranyosiova M. , Velic D.
Published: June 2010

Our experiment is focused on an increase of the molecular secondary ion yield, observed using primary ion beam analysis of biomolecular solids. D‐tryptophan, C11H12N2O2, is determined by SIMS under impact of 25 keV Bi+ beam. Matrix‐embedded samples with the alkaline earth metal salts of CaCO3, BaCO3, SrCO3, are prepared in forms of pellets and films. The experiment with a CaCO3 pellet shows that D‐tryptophan parent‐like ions are cationized with alkali metal ions and small functional groups in monomer mass region. Signals of Ca ions are observed with very low intensity. D‐tryptophan dimers and trimers are also observed. In contrast, in CaCO3, BaCO3, SrCO3 pellet, D‐tryptophan parent‐like ion emission is suppressed by strong fragmentation of cellulose, added in pellets. Results from CaCO3 film show ionization of D‐tryptophan through proton donation. These comparative experiments can shed some light on details of the cationization phenomena in secondary ion mass spectrometry of biomolecules. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface analysis of Nb materials for SRF cavities
Authors: Maheshwari P. , Tian H. , Reece C. E. , Kelley M. J. , Myneni G. R. , Stevie F. A. , Rigsbee J. M. , Batchelor A. D. , Griffis D. P.
Published: June 2010

Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) cavities provide enhanced efficiency and reduced energy consumption in present‐day particle accelerators. Niobium is the material of choice for SRF cavities due to its high critical temperature and critical magnetic field. In order to understand why certain treatments, especially a low temperature bake, improve performance, it is important to study Nb surface characteristics and identify elemental contaminants which may affect the performance of the cavity.1Initial studies using SIMS and Focused Ion Beam (FIB) prepared specimens for Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) have helped to characterize the Nb surface and measure the surface oxide layer thickness.2C, N and O are of particular interest as interstitial contaminants and earlier studies suggested very high H concentration. In the present study, ion implants of C, N, O and deuterium (D) in Nb and Si were analyzed using SIMS.Dwas implanted to characterize H while avoiding interference from the high H background. TheDimplant was easily detectable in Si, but showed a constant value and no implant shape in Nb. This result implies either thatD(and by implication, hydrogen) has a high mobility in Nb, or that there is movement ofDdue to the primary ion beam. Nevertheless, C, N, and O could be quantified using the ion implants. Depth profiles of polycrystalline and single crystal Nb samples were also obtained. While both types of Nb samples contained low C concentration, the single crystal Nb samples showed higher N and O content. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The use of low‐energy SIMS (LE‐SIMS) for nanoscale fuel cell material development
Authors: Morris R. J. H. , Fearn S. , Perkins J. , Kilner J. , Dowsett M. G. , Beigalski M. D. , Rouleau C. M.
Published: June 2010

Low‐energy secondary ion mass spectrometry has been used to investigate the matrix structure and interface attributes of a novel Ce0.85Sm0.15O2/CeO2 multilayer fuel cell material. Nanoscale oxide systems have shown enhanced ionic conductivities when produced to form highly oriented epitaxial structures. The Sm‐doped CeO2 material system is of particular interest for fuel cell technology because of its inherently high ionic conductivity at low operating temperatures (600–800 °C). For this study, a nanometer‐scale Ce0.85Sm0.15O2/CeO2 multilayer was grown by pulsed laser deposition. The sample was annealed at 700 °C in an oxygen ambience. High‐resolution, low‐energy depth profiling using Cs revealed some diffusion of the multilayer structure after annealing, along with a possible volume change for the Sm‐doped layers. Changes in layer volume will lead to an increase in the mechanical strain and may cause the material to crack. The findings presented here suggest that the Ce0.85Sm0.15O2/CeO2 multilayer structure in its current form may not possess the level of thermal stability required for use within a fuel cell environment. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.