bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Injectable hyaluronic acid‐dextran hydrogels and effects of implantation in ferret vocal fold
Authors: Luo Ying , Kobler James B. , Heaton James T. , Jia Xinqiao , Zeitels Steven M. , Langer Robert
Published: February 2010

Injectable hydrogels may potentially be used for augmentation/regeneration of the lamina propria of vocal fold tissue. In this study, hyaluronic acid (HA) and dextran were chemically modified and subsequently crosslinked via formation of hydrazone bonds in phosphate buffer. Swelling ratios, degradation, and compressive moduli of the resulting hydrogels were investigated. It was found that the properties of HA‐dextran hydrogels were variable and the trend of variation could be correlated with the hydrogel composition. The biocompatibility of three injectable HA‐dextran hydrogels with different crosslinking density was assessed in the vocal fold region using a ferret model. It was found that HA‐dextran hydrogels implanted for three weeks stimulated mild foreign‐body reactions. Distinct tissue‐material interactions were also observed for hydrogels made from different formulations: the hydrogel with the lowest crosslinking density was completely degraded in vivo; while material residues were visible for other types of hydrogel injections, with or without cell penetration into the implantation depending on the hydrogel composition. The in vivo results suggest that the HA‐dextran hydrogel matrices can be further developed for applications of vocal fold tissue restoration. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010
MM–GBSA binding free energy decomposition and T cell receptor engineering
Authors: Zoete V. , Irving M. B. , Michielin O.
Published: February 2010

Recognition by the T‐cell receptor (TCR) of immunogenic peptides (p) presented by class I major histocompatibility complexes (MHC) is the key event in the immune response against virus infected cells or tumor cells. The major determinant of T cell activation is the affinity of the TCR for the peptide‐MHC complex, though kinetic parameters are also important. A study of the 2C TCR/SIYR/H‐2Kb system using a binding free energy decomposition (BFED) based on the MM–GBSA approach had been performed to assess the performance of the approach on this system. The results showed that the TCR‐p‐MHC BFED including entropic terms provides a detailed and reliable description of the energetics of the interaction (Zoete and Michielin, 2007). Based on these results, we have developed a new approach to design sequence modifications for a TCR recognizing the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐A2 restricted tumor epitope NY‐ESO‐1. NY‐ESO‐1 is a cancer testis antigen expressed not only in melanoma, but also on several other types of cancers. It has been observed at high frequencies in melanoma patients with unusually positive clinical outcome and, therefore, represents an interesting target for adoptive transfer with modified TCR. Sequence modifications of TCR potentially increasing the affinity for this epitope have been proposed and tested in vitro. T cells expressing some of the proposed TCR mutants showed better T cell functionality, with improved killing of peptide‐loaded T2 cells and better proliferative capacity compared to the wild type TCR expressing cells. These results open the door of rational TCR design for adoptive transfer cancer therapy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cataloging topologies of protein folding patterns
Authors: Konagurthu Arun S. , Lesk Arthur M.
Published: February 2010

Comparing and classifying protein folding patterns allows organizing the known structures, structure search and retrieval, and investigation of general principles of protein architecture. We have been developing a concise tableau representation of protein folding patterns, based on the order and contact patterns of elements of secondary structure: helices and strands of sheet (Lesk, 1995; Kamat and Lesk, 2007; Konagurthu et al., 2008). The tableaux provide a database, derived from the world‐wide protein data bank, mineable in studies of protein architecture, including: (i) determination of statistical properties of secondary structure contacts in an unbiased set of protein domains, (ii) investigations of the range of, and relationships among, protein topologies, (iii) investigation of the relationship between local structure of proteins and the complete folding topology, (iv) potential for fold identification from amino acid sequence, and (v) the basis for a complete enumeration of possible protein folding patterns, which can be compared with the corpus of known structures. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reconfigurable Vivaldi antenna
Authors: Hamid Mohamad R. , Gardner Peter , Hall Peter S. , Ghanem Farid
Published: February 2010

A reconfigurable Vivaldi antenna is presented.It has a capability to operate in a wideband mode (2–8 GHz) and three different sub‐bands (2.5, 5, and 7.5 GHz) by reconfiguring the antenna geometry. The measurement results with ideal switches demonstrate the performances of the proposed designs. The proposed antenna provides frequency agility, which may be useful in future multimode radio systems. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:785–787, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25030
Frequency and temporal coherence properties of distributed Bragg reflector laser
Authors: Hong Ke Jian , Hua Zhu Ning , Guang Zhang Hong , Wei Man Jiang , Juan Zhao Ling , Chen Wei , Wang Xin , Liu Yu , Qing Yuan Hai , Xie Liang , Wang Wei
Published: February 2010

This article presents the investigation of frequency and temporal coherence properties of distributed Bragg reflector laser. In this scheme, a square‐waveform voltage is applied to the phase section of the laser to tune optical wavelength, and delayed optical heterodyne technique is used for the analysis of spectral characteristics. Experiments show that lightwaves emitted from the same active region asynchronously are partially frequency and temporal coherent. When the two wavelengths are closer, the two waves are strongly coherent, and the coherence properties get weak as the delay time increases. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:822–825, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25031
An optimum design of high‐power amplifier with high efficiency using a realizable harmonic loading circuit
Authors: Moon Junghwan , Kim Jangheon , Kim Jungjoon , Kim Ildu , Kim Bumman
Published: February 2010

An optimum design approach for a highly efficient power amplifier (PA) using a packaged high‐power device is described.Large fundamental load impedance assisted by a simple second harmonic manipulation is explored to improve the efficiency when maintaining the power density. For demonstration of the performance, the PA is implemented using GaN HEMT device at 2.655 GHz. In the experiment, the fabricated PA achieves power‐added efficiency (PAE) of 64.3% at the saturated output power of 49.2 dBm. For 802.16e mobile worldwide interoperability for microwave access signal, the PA delivers the PAE of ∼31% and ACLR of −49 dBc at the 10 dB backed‐off power of 40 dBm after the digital feedback predistortion linearization. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:818–822, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25032
Design of triple‐mode bandpass filter using novel resonant structure
Authors: Mo Shao‐Guo , Yu Zhi‐Yuan , Zhang Long
Published: February 2010

A novel triple‐mode hexagonal bandpass filter with capacitive loading is introduced in this article.The technique, adding an open stub with capacitive loading, is applied to enlarge the equivalent self‐capacitance of the resonator, which declines its resonant frequencies. A circular patch on the bottom layer is used to implement this technique. One‐mode resonant frequency is varied with the radius of the circular patch, whereas the other two modes are nearly not affected. This filter has a pair of transmission zeros, which are close to the passband, thus behaving a high selectivity. For method validation, a bandpass filter operating at 2.45 GHz is fabricated and measured. The experimental results are demonstrated and discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:849–852, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25035
Liquid level sensor using etched silica fiber
Authors: Linesh J. , Sudeesh K. , Radhakrishnan P. , Nampoori V. P. N.
Published: February 2010

An all optical fiber, intensity modulated sensor for discrete liquid level sensing is presented. The highly sensitive and robust design requires only silica fibers, an optical source and a detector. The sensor probe is prepared by etching the silica fibers using hydrofluoric acid. Experiments conducted with water confirm the ability of the sensor to detect liquid level variation below 10 μm. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:883–886, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25037
Effects of mutual coupling and ports isolation on the channel capacity
Authors: Ranvier Sylvain , Luxey Cyril , Staraj Robert , Icheln Clemens , Vainikainen Pertti
Published: February 2010

The effects of mutual coupling and ports isolation on the channel capacity are investigated for two‐patch antenna arrays using measured channel data. Three types of arrays are considered: with coupled radiating elements and ports, with coupled radiating elements but isolated ports, and finally with fully isolated antennas and ports. The channel capacities of these structures are compared for MIMO and MISO with antenna selection configurations. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:994–998, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25038
Wideband frequency reconfiguration of a printed log periodic dipole array
Authors: Mirkamali Ali , Hall Peter S.
Published: February 2010

A reconfigurable printed log periodic dipole array (LPDA) is presented.It is shown that several frequency bands across a wide frequency range can be selected by switching the printed dipoles of the LPDA. In comparison with the reconfigurable printed dipole antenna introduced by the present authors before, the significant advantage of the reconfigurable LPDA lies in its flexibility in selecting the frequency bands with different bandwidths. The measurement results show that the reconfigurable LPDA operates over a frequency range of 3:1. The characteristics of the wideband reconfigurable LPDA is suitable for frequency switching in FCC ultra wideband allocation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:861–864, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25040
Broadband dual‐frequency spider‐shaped printed dipole antenna for WLAN applications
Authors: Shen Xiumei , Yin Yingzeng , Su Chengyue , Zuo Shaoli
Published: February 2010

A novel broadband dual‐frequency spider‐shaped dipole antenna for 2.4/5.2 GHz wireless local area networks (WLAN) is proposed. The antenna consists of a double‐sided printed dipole, whose long arms and short center‐stubs can produce dual bands and lead to good impedance matching in a wide dual‐band without external matching circuitry. For the experimental study, excellent performance for operating frequencies across 2240–3260 MHz and 4700–5970 MHz bands has been observed. Good radiation characteristics of dipole‐like patterns, and 2.6‐ and 4.6‐dBi peak antenna gains for the lower and upper bands, respectively, have been obtained. And this antenna could be easily printed and integrated on the system circuit board for WLAN applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:917–919, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25041
Dual‐band H‐shaped slot antenna for 2.4 and 5 GHz wireless communication
Authors: Liu Yun , Niu Zhenyi , Wang Xiaojun
Published: February 2010

A simple and compact dual‐band H‐shaped slot antenna for wireless local area network applications is proposed.The proposed antenna is composed of an H‐shaped slot on the ground plane with size of 23 mm by 32 mm. The substrate material is foam. The antenna is fed by microstrip at its top. The impedance bandwidth, radiation pattern, and gain of the antenna were simulated. The results show that the antenna just covers the WLAN bands (2.4–2.485, 5.15–5.35, and 5.725–5.825 GHz), with the gain remaining steady. The measurement of impedance bandwidth was carried out with a network analyzer. A good agreement between measurement and simulation can be observed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:957–959, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25042
Visible light wireless transmission based on optical access network using white light‐emitting diode and electroabsorption transceiver
Authors: Son Yong‐Hwan , An Sung‐Chan , Kim Hyun‐Seung , Won Yong‐Yuk , Han Sang‐Kook
Published: February 2010

We propose the visible light communication (VLC) system based on optical access network using light‐emitting diode (LED) and electroabsorption transceiver (EAT).The EAT based on electroabsorption modulator is used as an optical network unit in order to be connected with VLC link based on white LED and photodiode (PD). The proposed architecture is demonstrated experimentally, and its performance is verified through the experimental investigation of quality factor and eye pattern of 5 Mbps baseband data. The variation of performance is shown depending on both the existence of the ambient light and the distance between the LED array and PD. A total of 5 Mbps downlink and uplink transmission is verified through 23.2‐km single‐mode fiber and wireless channel experimentally. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:790–793, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25045
Design of a dual‐band π‐shaped microstrip patch antenna with a shorting pin for 5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN systems
Authors: Choi Sun‐Ho , Kwak Daehan , Lee Hwa‐Choon , Kwak Kyung‐Sup
Published: February 2010

This article describes the design, fabrication, and measurement of a novel π‐shaped dual‐band antenna with a shorting pin for 5.2/5.8 GHz wireless local area network (WLAN) systems.To obtain sufficient bandwidth when return loss (RL) < −10 dB, a shorting pin is inserted in the patch and a coaxial probe source is used. The measured result of the fabricated antenna provides 211 MHz bandwidth from 5.147 to 5.358 GHz and 114 MHz bandwidth from 5.712 to 5.826 GHz (RL < −10 dB) with the gain ranging from 5.73 to 6.52 dBi. Also, a good radiation pattern is achieved within the WLAN band (5.150–5.350 GHz and 5.725–5.825 GHz) range. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:825–827, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25049
Shorted square‐ring slot antennas with a rectangular slot coupled by a microstrip line for GPS and 3G communication applications
Authors: Tsai Ching‐Long , Deng Sheng‐Ming , Tseng Ching‐Hung , Bor Sheau‐Shong
Published: February 2010

Shorted square‐ring slot antennas with a rectangular slot are presented for the global positioning system (GPS) and third‐generation communication (3G) operations.The shorted square‐ring slot antenna is used as the basic configuration for circular polarization in the GPS band. Then, an added rectangular slot inside the square‐ring slot will radiate linearly polarized wave in the 3G band. Because the added slot has little influence in the GPS band's characteristics, the design rule is very simple. The experimental impedance and axial‐ratio bandwidths for the GPS band are 19.8 and 4.5%, respectively. Also, the impedance bandwidth and the antenna gain for the 3G band are 14.9% and 2.5 dBi, respectively. The antenna characteristics such as bandwidths and gain satisfy the dual‐band's antenna requirements. Especially, the antenna radiation patterns are very suitable to apply in the GPS and 3G systems. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:855–857, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25051
A compact tri‐band PIFA antenna for WLAN and WiMAX applications
Authors: Zuo Shaoli , Yin Yingzeng , Zhang Zhiya , Wu Weijun
Published: February 2010

A tri‐band planar inverted‐F antenna (PIFA) for WLAN and WiMAX applications is proposed.By combining F‐T‐shaped slots in the radiating structure and using a trapezoidal feeding plate, three resonant modes are generated and impedance bandwidth of the antenna is enhanced. The fabricated radiation patch has a compact size of 25 × 11 × 8 mm3 with a rectangular ground plate of 26 × 40 mm2. For S11 less than −10 dB, the antenna operates at 2.45 GHz with a bandwidth of 170 MHz, and at 5.2 GHz with a bandwidth of 750 MHz for WLAN application, and at 5.75 GHz with a bandwidth of 540 MHz for WiMAX application. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:919–922, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25052
Compact coaxial‐line‐fed printed mobile‐unit antenna for GSM850/900/1800/1900/UMTS WWAN operation
Authors: Su Saou‐Wen
Published: February 2010

A novel, compact, coaxial‐line‐fed mobile‐unit antenna for wireless wide area network operation in the GSM850/900/1800/1900/UMTS bands is presented.The antenna consists mainly of one slit‐embedded ground plane and two radiating strips, all printed in a coplanar configuration on a small FR4 substrate with the overall dimensions 35 mm × 45 mm, which corresponds to 0.10λ × 0.13λ with respect to free‐space wavelength λ at the central frequency, 859 MHz, of the GSM850 band. In addition to compactness, the antenna is easily fed by minicoaxial cable, which allows it to be flexibly deployed inside wireless communications devices as an internal antenna. Experimental prototypes of the design are constructed, tested, and studied in detail in this article. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:961–966, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25053
A novel key‐shaped CPW‐fed monopole UWB antenna
Authors: Lin Rui‐Jin , Ming Y.E. , Lu Xiao‐Zheng
Published: February 2010

A novel key‐shaped CPW‐fed monopole UWB antenna is proposed in this article. A high frequency structure simulator is used to analyze the proposed antenna in the design process. The proposed antenna has an extremely wide frequency band range, the impedance bandwidth of which is measured as 2.87–40 GHz (1:13.9) for return loss <−10 dB. Simulated and measured results are presented for the proposed antenna. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:886–889, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25054
Characterization of uni‐traveling carrier photodiodes for high‐linearity and high‐SNR applications
Authors: Wiberg Andreas O. J. , Vukusic Josip , Sunnerud Henrik , Stake Jan , Andrekson Peter A.
Published: February 2010

A typical uni‐traveling carrier photodiode (UTC‐PD) and a commercial PIN‐PD are compared in the context of the analog performance at 10 GHz in a realistic noise environment.The behavior of the carrier‐to‐noise ratio (CNR), the linearity, represented by the third‐order output intercept point (OIP3), and the spurious free dynamic range are studied as a function of photocurrent. We have found that the increment of the CNR is only minor because of excess noise of the amplifier, as an optical amplifier is used to reach high optical power. However, the OIP3 of the UTC‐PD is substantially higher and increases with photocurrent, in contrast to the PIN‐PD. Thus, even though the responsivity is lower, it is beneficial to use a UTC‐PD to have superior dynamic range. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:984–987, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25055
Static capacitance and resonance frequencies of an edge‐fed disk over a grounded dielectric slab
Authors: Faria J. A. Brandão
Published: February 2010

A multiconductor transmission‐line modal analysis technique is used to determine the frequency‐dependent input admittance of an edge‐fed disk resting over a grounded dielectric slab, fringing field effects being accounted for. The innovative analysis presented here considers the disk structure as the limit case of a ring device, whose internal radius is made negligibly small. By considering very‐low frequency regimes, a static approximation of the static disk capacitance is obtained and shown to agree with previous literature on the topic. For very‐high frequency regimes where the edge‐fed disk behaves as a resonator device, resonance frequencies are determined and compared against results concerning center‐fed disks; radiation effects are ignored in both cases. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:966–971, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25059
A compact printed monopole antenna for WLAN and WiMAX applications
Authors: Zhang Zhiya , Fu Guang , Zuo Shaoli
Published: February 2010

A compact printed monopole antenna for WLAN and WiMAX applications is proposed. By combining symmetrical G‐shaped strips and a coupling‐fed plate, fed by a 50 Ω microstrip transmission line, wide impedance bandwidths covering WLAN/2.4/5.2 and WiMAX/5.75 are achieved. The omnidirectional pattern and good gain over the operating bands have been obtained by the fabricated antenna with a compact size of 20 × 34.5 mm2, which is suitable for wireless communication applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:857–861, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25060
Design of a compact, wide stopband microstrip band‐pass filter
Authors: Peng Lin , Ruan Cheng‐li , Ding Chao‐yuan , Yang Mao‐hui
Published: February 2010

We proposed a compact microstrip band‐pass filter with wide stopband in this article.Microstrip gap and interdigital capacitor combine with stub inductors shorted to the ground plane by via were used to take advantage of different aspects of left‐handed behavior to achieve compact size and wide stopband characteristics. The designed filter has a compact structure with overall dimensions of 20 mm by 17.05 mm, a 3‐dB bandwidth of 25.2% at 1.19 GHz, insertion loss of −3 dB, attenuation greater that 60 dB in the lower stopband and greater that 27 dB up to 5.2 times the centre frequency. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:830–833, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25061
Study of a two‐layer dichroic for quasioptical network
Authors: Yu Junsheng , Liu Shaohua , Xu Liang , Su Hansheng , Liu Xiaoming , Wei Qingang , Mai Yuan , Chen Xiaodong , Miao Jungang , Bai Ming
Published: February 2010

Dichroics are key components in the design of quasioptical networks.However, there are many practical issues in designing and fabricating these components. This article presents the design and uncertainty analysis of a dichroic being operated in a two‐channel multireflector quasioptical network. The dichroic is designed to work as a frequency filter, which transmits at 54 GHz and reflects at 89 GHz. A low insertion loss is achieved both in simulation and in measurement. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:900–904, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25075
A band‐rejection type RF switch based on a dual‐mode microstrip ring resonator
Authors: Lee Wu Seong , Ryu Jae Jong , Moon Yeon Kwan , Lee Ju Gab , Kim Ha Chul , Choi Hyun Chul
Published: February 2010

A band‐rejection type RF switch, which has very high off‐state isolation, low on‐state insertion loss, and adjustable bandwidth, is proposed using a dual‐mode ring resonator and two PIN diodes. To enable sharp band stop and dual‐mode transmission, the ring resonator is directly fed using nonorthogonal feeding. Two PIN diodes are mounted in shunt after a quarter‐wavelength transmission line from each feeding point, to turn the switch on and off and to reduce the size of the ring resonator. To estimate the practicable transmission characteristics of the proposed switch in relation to the angle of feeding and the wire‐bonded PIN diodes, a lossy transmission‐line equivalent circuit model is proposed, and even–odd mode analysis is carried out. The calculated frequency response shows good agreement with the measurement. The fabricated switch exhibits off‐state isolation of 43.08 dB, and on‐state insertion loss of 0.74 dB, within the range of 2.298–2.401 GHz. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:947–950, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25080
Wide passband optical interleaver based on double‐ring‐assisted Mach–Zehnder interferometer
Authors: Chang Shih‐Jung
Published: February 2010

We presented an optical microring‐assisted Mach–Zehnder interferometer interleaver. With the microrings‐assisted, the optical interleaver exhibits a near‐square passband shape. The fabricated device behaves as a 1 × 2 100–200 GHz interleaver operating at 1.55 mm region. The insertion loss (fiber‐to‐fiber loss) is 1.72 dB, and the stopband extinction ratio is about 20 dB. Design and simulation results are also discussed for further improvement of its performance. The good performance makes this interleaver very attractive for future optical communication systems. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:954–956, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25089
Dorsal caudal tail and sciatic motor nerve conduction studies in adult mice: Technical aspects and normative data
Authors: Xia Robin H. , Yosef Nejla , Ubogu Eroboghene E.
Published: February 2010

Mice provide an important tool to investigate human neuromuscular disorders. The variability of electrophysiological techniques limits direct comparison between studies. The purpose of this study was to establish normative motor nerve conduction data in adult mice. The dorsal caudal tail nerve and sciatic nerve motor conduction studies were performed bilaterally on restrained anesthetized adult mice. The means and standard deviations for each electrophysiological parameter were determined in normal mice. Data were compared with inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy mice to determine whether these parameters discriminate between normal and abnormal peripheral nerves. Normal adult mice had a distal latency of 0.89 (±0.17) ms and 0.75 (±0.09) ms, distal compound motor unit action potential amplitude of 13.2 (±5.9) mV and 28.1 (±8.3) mV, and conduction velocity of 74.6 (±9.0) m/s and 76.5 (±8.3) m/s, respectively. These data were validated by the finding of statistically significant differences in several electrophysiological parameters that compared normal and polyneuropathy‐affected mice. A standardized method for motor nerve conduction studies and associated normative data in mice should facilitate comparisons of disease severity and response to treatment between studies that use similar models. This would assist in the process of translational therapeutic drug design in neuromuscular disorders. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Urodynamic standardization in a large‐scale, multicenter clinical trial examining the effects of daily tadalafil in men with lower urinary tract symptoms with or without benign prostatic obstruction
Authors: Kraus Stephen R. , Dmochowski Roger , Albo Michael E. , Xu Lei , Klise Suzanne R. , Roehrborn Claus G.
Published: February 2010

Aims

To present the methodology, standardization techniques, and results from post hoc test–retest reproducibility analyses for a large, placebo‐controlled, multicenter trial, employing urodynamic studies (UDS) to assess the impact of daily tadalafil on men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) with or without benign prostatic obstruction (BPO).

Methods

UDS implemented International Continence Society (ICS) Good Urodynamic Practice guidelines and standardized urodynamic and LUTS terminology. Further standardization procedures included: equipment calibration; a detailed procedure manual and centralized training; and implementation of a central reader. Measures included: monitoring of invalid studies, comparison of actual versus expected standard deviation (SD) for primary outcome (detrusor pressure at maximum urinary flow rate [pdetQmax]), and test–retest reproducibility of the placebo arm at baseline and endpoint.

Results

Two hundred men with moderate to severe LUTS (baseline IPSS ≥13) at 20 sites were randomized to receive either tadalafil 20 mg or placebo. All men underwent non‐invasive uroflow and pressure‐flow studies. Numbers of invalid studies at baseline and endpoint were 9.3% and 0.6%, respectively. Variability of pdetQmax was lower than anticipated based on actual versus expected SD of 15 and 30, respectively. Correlation coefficients were very good for pressure‐flow parameters including pdetQmax (r = .83).

Conclusions

Multicenter clinical trials using urodynamic outcomes require additional standardized procedures to limit inter‐site variability. By implementing centralized training with a detailed procedure manual and use of a central reader, we were able to limit common difficulties arising in multicenter clinical trials, as well as demonstrate good test–retest reproducibility of pressure flow measures. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:741–747, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reactions of [ReOX3(PPh3)2] Complexes (X = Cl, Br) with Phenylacetylene and the Structures of the Products
Authors: Oehlke Elisabeth , Schweighöfer Philip V. , Abram Ulrich
Published: February 2010

Oxorhenium(V) complexes [ReOX3(PPh3)2] (X = Cl, Br) react with phenylacetylene under formation of complexes with ylide‐type ligands. Compounds of the compositions [ReOCl3(PPh3){C(Ph)C(H)(PPh3)}] (1), [ReOBr3(OPPh3){C(Ph)C(H)(PPh3)}] (2), and [ReOBr3(OPPh3){C(H)C(Ph)(PPh3)}] (3) were isolated and characterized by X‐ray diffraction. They contain a ligand, which was formed by a nucleophilic attack of released PPh3 at coordinated phenylacetylene. The structures of the products show that there is no preferable position for this attack. Cleavage of the Re–C bond in 3 and dimerization of the organic ligand resulted in the formation of the [{(PPh3)(H)CC(Ph)}2]2+ cation, which crystallized as its [(ReOBr4)(OReO3)]2– salt.
New Ternary Boride Carbides RE10B9+xC10–x (RE = Gd, Tb; x ≈︁ 0.2): Infinite Boron Carbon Branched Chains
Authors: Babizhetskyy Volodymyr , Hiebl Kurt , Mattausch Hansjürgen , Simon Arndt
Published: February 2010

New ternary rare earth metal boride carbides with compositions close to RE10B9C10 (RE = Gd, Tb) were prepared from the elements by melting around 1800 K followed by annealing in silica tubes at 1270 K for one month. The crystal structure of the terbium compound was solved by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. It crystallizes in a new structure type in the monoclinic space group P21/c, a = 7.937(1), b = 23.786(2), c = 11.172(1) Å, β = 133.74(1)°, Z = 4, R1 = 0.045 (wR2 = 0.11) for 5713 reflections with Io > 2σ(Io). In the structure BC2 units and single carbon atoms are attached to a zigzag boron chain forming the unprecedented B18C18 branching unit with a B–B distance of 2.42(2) Å between these units. In addition isolated carbon atoms occupy the centres of elongated octahedra formed by rare earth metal atoms. Disorder in the terbium position together with anomalous displacement ellipsoids for carbon atoms except of those in the BC2 fragments can be rationalized in terms of a slight deviation in stoichiometry, Tb10B9+xC10–x (x ≈︁ 0.2). The terbium compound is ferromagnetic below TC ≈︁ 45 K. Due to the presence of moderately narrow domain walls the magneto‐crystalline energy is small.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Energetic Complex [Cd(DAT)6](NO3)2 (DAT = 1,5‐diamino‐tetrazole) with High Nitrogen Content
Authors: Zhang Jian‐Guo , Li Jing‐Yu , Zang Yan , Shu Yuan‐Jie , Zhang Tong‐Lai , Yang Li , Power Philip P.
Published: February 2010

The novel high nitrogen‐containing energetic complex [Cd(DAT)6](NO3)2 was synthesized by reaction of Cd(NO3)2·6H2O with 1,5‐diamino‐tetrazole (DAT). It was characterized by elemental analysis, FT‐IR spectroscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The central Cd2+ ion is coordinated by six nitrogen atoms from six DAT ligand molecules to form a hexacoordinate distorted octahedral compound. The [Cd(DAT)6](NO3)2 molecules are linked together through two types of hydrogen bonds thus forming a stable three‐dimensional net structure. The thermal decomposition mechanism of [Cd(DAT)6](NO3)2 was investigated by DSC and TG/DTG analyses and FT‐IR spectroscopy. The kinetic parameters of the exothermic process were studied by using Kissinger’s and Ozawa–Doyle’s methods.
A New Chain Polymer via Thermolysis: [Hg(μ‐Br)2(3,5‐Br2py)]∞
Authors: Merkens Carina , Kalf Irmgard , Englert Ulli
Published: February 2010

The new ligand‐deficient chain polymer [Hg(μ‐Br)2(3,5‐Br2py)]∞ has been obtained in form of single crystals by thermolysis of the ligand‐rich [Hg(μ‐Br)2(3,5‐Br2py)2]∞ at 180 °C at ambient pressure. From this reaction, high quality crystals of the product are directly accessible. The title compound features HgII cations in a distorted square‐pyramidal coordination; their metal centers aggregate via edge‐sharing with asymmetric halide bridges to chains in which all apical N donor ligands are oriented to the same side of the [Hg(μ‐Br)2]∞ backbone. The new polymer cannot be prepared by stoichiometric reaction in solution.
Science, politique et conscience aux débuts de l'Académie royale des sciences
Authors: Stroup Alice
Published: February 2010

Si les savants du XVIIesiècle revendiquaient la responsabilité morale qui découlait de leur connaissance particulière, leurs mécènes préféraient les applications fidèles et utiles de cette connaissance. Un savant osait-il, donc, s’opposer à son mécène? Trois associés, au moins, de l’Académie royale des sciences se distinguaient de Louis XIV sur des questions de philosophie naturelle, de religion et de politique. Le cas de l’un d’eux, Nicolas Hartsoeker, un savant hollandais et fabricant d’instruments d’optique, espion de Louis XIV pendant la guerre de la Ligue d’Augsbourg, révèle des liens complexes entre science et conscience pendant la révolution scientifique.
Une expression de l'altérité confessionnelle au siècle des réformations France, 1520-1650
Authors: Wanegffelen Thierry
Published: February 2010

En Occident, à partir de 1520, l’Ecclesia una se fragmente en confessions chrétiennes rivales. Cette réalité religieuse nouvelle ne peut être pensée sans mots; mais les néologismes lexicaux nécessaires sont lents à s’imposer. La situation paroxystique de ceux qui changent effectivement d’Église dans les années 1520-1650 est pourtant favorable à de telles créations. Elle permet de trouver les mots pour dire, et donc pour admettre, l’existence de l’Autre Église.
Psychology as a Natural Science in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Hatfield Gary
Published: February 2010

La psychologie, en tant que science naturelle, prend sa source dans la «physique » ou «philosophie naturelle » aristotélicienne de l’âme. C. Wolff a situé la psychologie sous le régime de la métaphysique; au même niveau que la cosmologie. Les penseurs écossais l’ont intégrée à la philosophie morale, mais ont distingué ses lois « physiques » des lois morales proprement dites (qui visent à régler la conduite). Plusieurs penseurs allemands ont cherché à la fonder comme branche autonome de la science naturelle empirique. En Grande-Bretagne et en France, les théoriciens de la vision ont développé des théories de la perception de la grandeur et de la distance d’une grande précision mathématique; quelques-uns d’entre eux ont construit des instruments pour mettre à l’épreuve ces théories et mesurer des phénomènes tels que la durée des impressions visuelles. Ces investigateurs étaient pour la plupart des dualistes qui incluaient les phénomènes mentaux dans la nature.
Quelle place pour la psychologie dans le positivisme?
Authors: Petit Annie
Published: February 2010

Ln «psychologie» n’est pas intégrée dans l’échelle des sciences du positivisme comtien. Comte juge même qu’elle est le refuge de la vieille « métaphysique ». Cependant, « les phénomènes affectifs, intellectuels et moraux » devant, eux aussi, être étudiés «positivement », Comte en appelle d’une part à la « biologie » où il élabore une «théorie cérébrale», et d’autre part à la «sociologie» et à sa méthode historique. Puis il programme une nouvelle science, une « moraleanthropologie », où se retrouve une grande partie des questions qui relevaient de l’ex-psychologie. On analyse aussi les discussions de Comte avec des proches plus ou moins disciplinés: John Stuart Mill ironise sévèrement contre la théorie cérébrale et réclame une place pour la « logique »; Émile Littré, disciple plus nuancé, accepte une « psychophysiologie », mais conteste maints développements et conséquences qu’envisageait Comte.
Le bannissement des esprits. Naissance d'une frontière institutionnelle entre spiritisme et psychologie
Authors: Parot Françoise
Published: February 2010

À la fin du XIXe siècle, la psychologie se trouve confrontée à un intérêt croissant, des savants comme du grand public, pour la question de la survivance de l’esprit. Pendant quelques années, les psychologues vont collaborer avec ceux, spiritualistes et spirites, qui affirment le pouvoir de l’esprit sur la matière. Convaincus qu’elles devraient permettre de résoudre cette question alors incontestablement scientifique, ils s’adonnent à quelques expériences (tables tournantes, production d’ectoplasmes, télépathie) qui vont finalement apporter plus de scandale que de progrès positif. Pour sauvegarder la scientificité positiviste de leur discipline, ils vont, en quelques années et à l’occasion principalement des congrès internationaux, instaurer une frontière officielle entre la psychologie et le spiritisme, quitte à ce que certains d’entre eux s’autorisent à la franchir clandestinement.
Les «faits scientifiques» et leur public: l'histoire de la détection de la syphilis
Authors: Lôwy Ilana
Published: February 2010

Au cours des années 1910 et 1920, les effets conjugués des idées savantes sur la spécificité des anticorps, de la croyance profane à l’existence d’un sang syphilitique et de l’importance attribuée à la détection de la syphilis par les autorités sanitaires ont permis de transformer un test diagnostique peu efficace, la réaction de Wassermann, en «fait scientifique» incontestable. Ce fait scientifique établit l’équivalence« individu Wassermann positif= personne infectée par l’agent étiologique de la syphilis, la bactérie Treponema pallidum ». Il a ainsi modifié les contours de l’entité nosologique «syphilis», les pratiques professionnelles, les représentations profanes de la syphilis et les politiques de santé. Tenu pour solide pendant une trentaine d’années, ce «fait scientifique» fut toutefois déstabilisé dans les années 1950 en raison du hiatus croissant entre les résultats accumulés grâce à la diffusion massive du test de Wassermann et les données épidémiologiques sur la prévalence de la syphilis, et de la comparaison entre les résultats de la réaction de Wassermann et ceux des nouveaux tests diagnostiques spécifiques du tréponème. Un pourcentage élevé de personnes «Wassermann positives» fut alors redéfini comme des « faux positifs biologiques », soit des individus souffrant de pathologies autres que la syphilis, mais cependant capables d’induire une réaction Wassermann positive. L’équivalence « personne Wassermann positive = individu infecté par Treponema pallidum » fut remplacée par l’équation« personne Wassermann positive = individu infecté par le tréponème ou faux positif biologique ». La nouvelle vision de la réaction de Wassermann modifia à son tour les pratiques des professionnels et les représentations que le grand public se fait de la maladie. L’histoire de la détection de la syphilis illustre les interactions complexes entre « faits scientifiques » et « faits sociaux» et l’interdépendance de leur évolution.
« Au commencement était l’œuf d’or.» L’enfant et l’origine du langage: leur étude croisée chez Taine et Max Müller
Authors: Ottavi Dominique
Published: February 2010

Hippolyte Taine a rédigé, en 1870, au moment où son oeuvre changea d’orientation, une monographie relatant l’observation du développement du langage chez son propre enfant. Ce texte, connu de Darwin, est l’une des premières tentatives d’observer le développement, l’évolution, de l’enfant.

Le but n’en est pas tant de décrire l’enfant pour lui-même que de polémiquer avec le linguiste Max Müller au sujet de l’origine du langage. L’observation de Taine veut montrer expérimentalement que la théorie évolutionniste rend compte de la genèse du langage chez l’individu et dans l’espèce humaine. Mais l’enjeu réel est de nier qu’il existe une rupture entre l’intelligence de l’homme et celle de l’animal. Max Müller s’en tenait à appliquer la théorie de l’évolution au changement des langues. Taine, lui, veut affirmer la continuité du développement psychologique dans la nature: ce ne sont pas les langues qui évoluent mais l’intelligence ellemême.
Connaissance et métaphore
Authors: Schlanger Judith
Published: February 2010

Cette étude consacrée à la dimension heuristique des métaphores cherche à comprendre le rôle qu’elles jouent dans l’activité générale de la pensée. Le rôle des métaphores est particulièrement visible à l’état naissant de la pensée connaissante, au point où son exploration trouve dans l’étoffe du langage les moyens de conceptualiser le nouveau. L’exemple de Savigny, de Bacon et de Kant montre comment l’intuition métaphorique et la reprise culturelle des schèmes métaphoriques ont une fonction intellectuelle féconde.
La Fabrique de l'infini Phénoménologie du désordre et genèse sensible de l'idée d'infini chez Diderot
Authors: Marcuzzi Max
Published: February 2010

À l'encontre de la conception classique qui fait de l'idée d'infini l'expression de la perfection de Dieu inscrite en l'homme, Diderot propose une conception de l'infini qui rapporte immédiatement celui-ci à sa production corporelle. Soustrayant ainsi l'infini au divin, la pensée du corps sensible révoque jusqu'en ses fondements la conceptualité classique qui, par la notion d'ordre, liait l'épistémologie au théologique. Le désordre s'en trouve réévalué jusqu'en ses formes pathologiques et gagne ainsi une valeur créatrice immanente et fondamentale.
Chardin et son Philosophe
Authors: Pinto Éveline
Published: February 2010

« Le vieil original si intelligent, si fou » que Marcel Proust évoque à travers les autoportraits de Chardin, s'est-il dépeint lui-même sous le masque projectif du sage, dans l'un de ses tableaux les plus célèbres, le Philosophe du Louvre? Le maître de la nature morte, voulant s'élever dans la hiérarchie des rangs de I' Académie, a semble-t-il cherché, dans cette oeuvre de jeunesse, à suppléer à « son défaut d'instruction» dans «les humanités», par la représentation d'un personnage au goût du jour, d'un moderne philosophe.

Philosophe, Chimiste dans son laboratoire, Souffleur ou Philosophe occupé de sa lecture, le tableau du Louvre (1734) est-il un emblème? L'hypothèse retenue, que cette peinture donne figure à un philosophe chimiste et non à un charlatan ou à un alchimiste, se construit sur le rapprochement du tableau et du libelle anonyme intitulé Philosophe, mis en circulation d'après Voltaire dans les années 1730.
L'histoire, la Fable et le Fabuleux Analyse de la notion de fabuleux
Authors: Piqué Nicolas
Published: February 2010

Paul Hazard a très bien montré la concomitance de la Crise de la conscience européenne dans divers domaines, sous divers aspects et divers questionnements. Cette crise, ces nouvelles problématiques qui surgissent concernent également la conception de la temporalité qui avait cours jusqu'alors. Nous aimerions, dans cet article, en montrer l'émergence à partir d'une question particulière, qui concerne le statut et la signification à accorder aux fables, aux mythes que nous avons hérités de l 'Antiquité. Grâce à l'étude que mènent l'abbé Anselme, Fontenelle, Nicolas Fréret, le chevalier de La Barre et Lévesque de Hurigny, de la notion de merveilleux, comme contenu des fables, nous pourrons mieux saisir le développement d'une pensée de l'histoire.
William penn et l'Abbé de Saint-Pierre: le chaînon manquant
Authors: Sabbagh Daniel
Published: February 2010

Les deux projets de paix les plus célèbres publiés à l'époque de Louis XIV sont celui de William Penn, qui parut en anglais en 1693, et celui de l'abbé de Saint-Pierre, dont la version la plus connue fut publiée en plusieurs volumes datés de 1713 à 1716. Une traduction française anonyme du livre de Penn fut imprimée au plus tard en 1697 et connut une diffusion extrêmement restreinte. Nous pensons que l'abbé de Saint-Pierre a participé d'une façon ou d'une autre à cette traduction et s'est amplement inspiré des idées de Penn pour son propre projet.
Le gouvernement de la loi est-il un thème républicain?
Authors: Larrère Catherine
Published: February 2010

« La liberté consiste à n'être soumis qu'aux lois»: cette idée, que Turgot attribue aux «écrivains républicains», a sans doute sa place dans la tradition républicaine. Il s'agit cependant d'une idée essentiellement moderne, et pas nécessairement républicaine, développée dans la critique de l'absolutisme: on en retient l'importance qu'il y a à faire la loi, tout en refusant que qui que ce soit puisse se placer au-dessus des lois. Montesquieu fait du gouvernement modéré, qui peut être une monarchie, le gouvernement de la loi, celle-ci garantit à l'action rationnelle la prévisibilité et la constance dont elle a besoin. C'est Rousseau qui fait du gouvernement de la loi un thème républicain, en identifiant autogouvernement et autonomie. Lier la liberté à la loi, c'est insister sur l'existence politique des libertés: depuis Turgot, les libéraux y voient une menace pour les droits.
République et démocratie de Montesquieu à Madison
Authors: Spitz Jean-Fabien
Published: February 2010

La théorie politique est longtemps restée attachée au dogme selon lequel la république ne peut convenir qu'à de petits États, où la faible différenciation des conditions sociales autorise la formation d'un authentique intérêt commun. Montesquieu adopte une version de cet argument en soutenant que la politique moderne doit être non la recherche de l'intérêt commun, mais l'art de balancer les intérêts les uns contre les autres. Madison a répondu en montrant comment, au contraire, la république n'est possible que dans les grands États, où la diversité des intérêts en présence les contraint à rechercher non pas un compromis - impossible à maintenir quand il faut unir un grand nombre d'intérêts distincts pour former une majorité - mais un dépassement de leurs particularités respectives au profit d'un authentique intérêt commun.