bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic Endonasal Approach to the Orbit: A Cadaveric Study and Case Series Emphasizing the Benefits of Ipsilateral Mononostril Technique
Authors: Gulsuna Beste , Truong Huy Quang , Aksoğan Yiğit , Nehir Ali , Sahin Muammer Melih , Celtikci Emrah
Published: June 2023

Background
Lesions located in the orbit are challenging to manage due to the enclosed space they occupy and their close proximity to critical anatomical structures. The challenge has been to develop a surgical approach that achieves the goal of obtaining complete tumor removal while preserving functional anatomy. Our aim is to understand the surgical anatomy of the orbital apex and inferomedial orbital structures via the ipsilateral endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) and its feasibility in clinical practice.
Methods
Five fresh human head specimens were prepared for dissection. Anatomic dissections were performed by using rigid endoscopes, attached to a high-definition camera and a digital recording system. To achieve a meticulous understanding of the anatomy, an EEA to the sellar region was performed by involving a wide bilateral sphenoidotomy, posterior and anterior ethmoidectomy and orbital dissection in a stepwise manner. A retrospective evaluation was carried out with patients who underwent surgery through the ipsilateral mononostril EEA between August 2018 and August 2022.
Results
The results of endoscopic endonasal cadaveric dissections showed that the medial, inferomedial, and apex portions of the orbit can be accessed through the ipsilateral EEA. Eighteen patients who underwent EEA surgery for various pathologies, 72% of the lesions were intraconal. The patients were between the ages of 17 and 54 (mean 34,1 ± 8,6). The left orbit was affected more commonly (11 left, 7 right) and the most common pathology was intraorbital cavernous hemangioma (13). The average postoperative follow up duration was 22.2 months (range 6 months – 50 months).
Conclusion
Our study highlights the potential benefits of using a purely ipsilateral mononostril EEA for orbital surgery, particularly for accessing medial and inferomedial orbital lesions, and utilizing the knowledge gained from cadaveric dissection experience. This technique has the potential to reduce morbidity and improve outcomes, especially when used in conjunction with careful patient selection, preoperative planning, and advanced endoscopic skills. Given the limited literature on the subject, we believe that our study, which presents a large case series of orbital pathology operated with the ipsilateral mononostril EEA method, will provide valuable contributions to the literature and guide surgeons considering this approach.
Predictive Modeling of Occupational Safety Risks Associated with Railway Workers Using Hybrid Fuzzy Modeling Approach
Authors: Korenevskiy Nikolay , Al-kasasbeh Riad , Rodionova Sofia , Shaqdan Ashraf , Al-Habahbeh Osama , Khrisat Mohammad , Filist Seregy , Alshamasin Mahdi , Ilyash Maksim
Published: June 2023

Diagnosis, reporting and proper analysis of occupational diseases among railway workers and crew remain unsatisfactory so far. This paper focus on utilizing the concepts of human factors and ergonomics (HFE) for improving the quality of care provided to railway workers, in particular, railway transportation crews. The high level of morbidity in this category of workers makes it important to search for new methods and innovative approach for improve the quality of decision-making related to the risks of the development of occupational diseases in railway crews. The paper aims to develop a method for the prediction and diagnoses of occupational diseases of railway crew workers, this will allow gathering decision rules necessary for improving the quality of medical care provided to crew and preventive strategies based on best practices. The decision rules obtained in the work take into account various risk factors associated with the design and working conditions in the cab of a locomotive in combination with other factors that may increase the risk of the occurrence and development of occupational diseases for workers of locomotive crews that is caused by poor or inappropriate working conditions. The authors investigated the various risks causing occupational diseases, and extrapolate the relationships revealed to railway workers in order to forecast high risk of occupational diseases among railway crew.
Relative efficacies of EGFR-TKIs and immune checkpoint inhibitors for treatment of recurrent non-small cell lung cancer after surgery
Authors: Motono Nozomu , Mizoguchi Takaki , Ishikawa Masahito , Iwai Shun , Iijima Yoshihito , Uramoto Hidetaka
Published: June 2023

Background
The relative efficacies of epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for the treatment of recurrent non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after surgery remain unclear.
Methods
Among 801 patients with NSCLC who underwent pulmonary resection at Kanazawa Medical University between 2017 and 2021, 64 patients had recurrence. We retrospectively compared the efficacies of EGFR-TKIs and ICIs in these patients with recurrent NSCLC who underwent pulmonary resection.
Results
The 3-year overall survival rates after recurrence were 79.3% in patients who received EGFR-TKIs, 69.5% in patients who received ICIs, and 43.7% in patients who received cytotoxic agents. There was no significant difference in overall survival between patients treated with EGFR-TKIs and ICIs (p = 0.14) or between patients treated with ICIs and cytotoxic agents (p = 0.23), but overall survival was significantly higher in patients treated with EGFR-TKIs compared with cytotoxic agents (p < 0.01) The probabilities of a 2-year response were 88.5%, 61.6%, and 25.9% in patients treated with EGFR-TKIs, ICIs, and cytotoxic agents, respectively. There was no significant difference in response periods between patients treated with EGFR-TKIs and ICIs (p = 0.18), but the response period was significantly better in patients treated with EGFR-TKIs (p < 0.01) or ICIs (p = 0.03) compared with cytotoxic agents. Percent-predicted vital capacity (p = 0.03) and epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutation (p < 0.01) were significant factors affecting the overall response to chemotherapy in multivariate analysis.
Conclusion
EGFR-TKIs and ICIs are effective for treating recurrent NSCLC after surgery. Although adjuvant chemotherapy for completely resected pathological stage II to IIIA NSCLC, atezolizumab or osimertinib, has also been recently approved as adjuvant chemotherapy, there is a risk that patients who relapse after adjuvant chemotherapy will have less choice.
Emergence of Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae co-harboring bla OXA-78 and bla OXA-58 from India
Authors: Das Bhaskar Jyoti , Singha K. Melson , Wangkheimayum Jayalaxmi , Chanda Debadatta Dhar , Bhattacharjee Amitabha
Published: June 2023

Background Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) has been categorized as pathogens of critical priority by both CDC and WHO as they pose significant threat to global public health. Carbapenemase production considered as the principal resistance mechanism against carbapenems and with the recent surge and expansion of carbapenemases and its variants among clinically significant bacteria in India, the present study reports expansion blaOXA-78 and blaOXA-58 of in CRE of clinical origin.Methods Bacterial isolates were collected from a tertiary referral hospital and identified through VITEK® 2 Compact automated System (Biomerieux, France). Rapidec® Carba NP (Biomerieux, France) was used to investigate carbapenemase production followed by antibiotic susceptibility testing through Kirby-Bauer Disc Diffusion method and agar dilution method. Class D carbapenemase genes were targeted through PCR assay followed by investigation of horizontal transmission of blaOXA-58 and blaOXA-78. Whole genome sequencing was carried out using Illumina platform to investigate the genetic context of blaOXA-58 and blaOXA-78 genes and further characterization of the CRE isolates.Results The carbapenem resistant Escherichia coli (BJD_EC456) and Serratia marcescens (BJD_SM81) received during the study from the tertiary referral hospital were isolated from sputum and blood samples respectively. PCR assay followed by whole genome sequencing revealed that the isolates co-harbor blaOXA-58 and blaOXA-78, a variant of blaOXA-51. Horizontal transfer of blaOXA-58 and blaOXA-78 genes were unsuccessful as these genes were located on the chromosome of the study isolates. Transposon Tn6080 was linked to blaOXA-78 in the upstream region while the insertion sequences ISAba26 and ISCfr1 were identified in the upstream and downstream region of blaOXA-58 gene respectively. In addition, both the isolates were co-harboring multiple antibiotic resistance genes conferring clinical resistance towards beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, fluroquinolones, sulphonamides, tetracyclines. BJD_EC180 belonged to ST2437 while BJD_SM81 was of an unknown sequence type. The nucleotide sequences of blaOXA-78 (OQ533021) and blaOXA-58 (OQ533022) have been deposited in GenBank.Conclusions The study provides a local epidemiological information regarding carbapenem resistance aided by transposon and insertion sequences associated blaOXA-78 and blaOXA-58 genes associated and warrants continuous monitoring to prevent their further dissemination into carbapenem non-susceptible strains thereby contributing to carbapenem resistance burden which is currently a global concern.
The influence of implant position and of prosthetic characteristics on the occurrence of peri-implantitis: a retrospective study on periapical radiographs
Authors: CORBELLA Stefano , MORANDI Benedetta , CALCIOLARI Elena , ALBERTI Alice , FRANCETTI Luca , DONOS Nikos
Published: June 2023

Objective
The present retrospective study aimed to investigate how implant position and the characteristics of the implant-supported prosthesis may influence the occurrence of peri-implantitis.
Materials and methods
The study included systemically healthy patients with single and partial implant-supported rehabilitations and at least 1-year post-loading follow-up. The parameters collected included implant-related factors, patient-related factors, site-related factors and prosthesis-related factors. The radiographic measurements were taken by using a dedicated software and the diagnosis of peri-implantitis was made based on all the available clinical and radiographic data. Descriptive statistics were provided for all variables. Following an exploratory approach, an implant-level analysis of factors influencing the occurrence of peri-implantitis was done through a multilevel multivariate logistic regression (mixed).
Results
A total of 180 implants belonging to 90 subjects were randomly selected. According to the multi-level analysis, the parameters that were significantly associated with peri-implantitis included presence / history of periodontitis (OR = 5.945, 95% CI: 1.093–32.334, P = 0.039) and presence of an emergence profile angle ≥ 45° (OR 9.094, 95% CI: 2.017–40.995, P = 0.005).
Conclusions
History of periodontitis and presence of a prosthetic emergence profile with an angle ≥ 45° were correlated to an increased risk of peri-implantitis. Conversely, we did not find a correlation between peri-implantitis and implant malposition.
Genetic diversity and marker trait association analysis for grain quality, yield and yield attributes in hilly rice of North-Eastern Himalayan region
Authors: Verma Harendra , Theunuo Sakuonuo , Das S P , Sarma R N , Kumar Amit , Choudhury BU , Baishya L K , Devi Lamalakshmi , Sarika Konsam , Aochen C , Bordoloi L J , Rajkhowa D J , Kalita H , Mishra V K
Published: June 2023

Background: The demand for quality rice is increasing due to the influence of population growth and rising living standards. North eastern region of India is considered as centre of origin of rice and has diversified rice landraces with unique cooking quality and yield attributing traits. The studies on genetic diversity and marker-trait association analysis of north-eastern hilly rice for grain quality and yield attributes are of enormous importance for the identification of promising rice genotypes with better grain and cooking quality vis a vis markers associated with grain quality and yield attributes. This will assist in development of high-yielding cultivars.
Results: Genetic diversity among 130 rice genotypes of North East India and marker-trait association was assessed using genotypic data of 90 SSR markers and phenotypic data. The phenotypic diversity analysis showed considerable variation across genotypes for grain quality, yield and yield-attributing traits. The principal component analysis revealed that plant height, panicle length, spikelet fertility, decorticated grain length and width, days to maturity, days to 50% flowering, and grain yield govern the diversity. Population structure analysis, distance-based neighbour joining cluster and principal coordinate analysis using genotypic data grouped the genotypes into two sub-populations. Analysis of molecular variance and pairwise FST values showed significant differentiation among all the pairs of sub-population. Marker trait association analysis using the mixed linear model revealed a total of six associations at P < 0.0001 for grain quality and yield attributing traits with R2 ranging from 3.55 to 11.91% under the upland ecosystem. The present study validated the association of RM240 marker with Gel consistency for use in MAS and existence of plant height gene on chromosome 3. The study indicated the presence of novel QTLs for days to maturity with RM210 and RM105 and days to flowering with RM101 under consideration.
Conclusions: The present study suggests that the diverse germplasm of NE India and identified markers could be used in rice breeding programs for the improvement of grain quality and yield attributes.
Comparison Analysis of Machine Learning Classification on Apple Fruit Quality
Authors: Khairi Danish ul , Ahsan Kamran , Badshah Gran , Ali Syed Zeeshan , Raza Syed Akhter , Alqahtani Omar , Shiraz Muhammad
Published: June 2023

This study presents a comparative analysis of classical and deep learning approaches for the classification of apple fruit quality, within the broader context of machine vision applications. Emphasizing the importance of the fruit's physical appearance in meeting market standards, the research explores the performance of classical methods such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbour (KNN), and Decision Tree (DT), in comparison to deep learning methods like Mobile-Net and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with self-design. A self-created dataset comprising 150 apple fruit images categorized into fresh, mid, and rotten classes are utilized, with an 80:20 training-test split. The evaluation of the approaches reveals promising results, with SVM achieving 86% accuracy, DT achieving 93%, KNN achieving 96.6%, and Mobile-Net and CNN achieving 97% accuracy. Notably, the study demonstrates the efficiency of these methods in classifying different quality classes of apple fruit. This research contributes to the existing knowledge in agricultural quality control and provides insights for researchers seeking suitable algorithms in the field of machine vision for fruit quality assessment, ultimately advancing the application of machine vision techniques in real-world scenarios.
20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 promotes myoblast differentiation and inhibits myotube atrophy by protecting mitochondrial function via AMPK/FoxO3 pathway in high glucose-induced model
Authors: Wang Manying , Chen Xuenan , Yan Xiuci , Zhao Yunyun , Cai Changjiu , Li Yingna , Liu Fangbing , Sun Liwei
Published: June 2023

Background
High glucose is usually considered to be the factor that induces tissue damage and cell dysfunction during diabetes. Muscle, as an important target organ for insulin, is particularly be attacked by high glucose. 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 (S-Rg3) has shown protective effect on vascular smooth muscle in diabetes. But whether S-Rg3 has protective effect on skeletal muscle injury caused by high glucose has not been reported.
Methods
Myoblast differentiation were measured by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. Myotube atrophy were measured by Giemsa staining and Western blot. Flow cytometry, Seahorse and Western blot were used to detect mitochondrial function. Drosophila exposed to high sucrose diet (HSD) to establish an in vivo model of muscle damage. Trehalose and triglyceride levels were detected by spectrophotometry. Mef2 mRNA level was detected by RT-PCR. Muscle atrophy were detected by toluidine blue staining. Climbing distances were determined by climbing assay. The morphological structure of mitochondria was observed by transmission electron microscope. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Forkhead box O3 (FoxO3) were analyzed by Western blot. UAS-AMPK RNAi Drosophila were used to verify the AMPK/FoxO3 pathway in vivo.
Results
S-Rg3 promoted myoblast differentiation and inhibited muscle atrophy injured by high glucose. S-Rg3 recovered mitochondrial function
Cocos nucifera and glycerine afterwork moisturizers for secondary prevention of hand dermatitis among fabric worker: a randomized, double- blind, cross over trial
Authors: Budianti Windy K , Soebaryo Retno W , Mansyur Muchtaruddin , Suyatna Franciscus D , Siagian Minarma , Djajadisastra Joshita , Prakoeswa Cita RS
Published: June 2023

Introduction: The use of skin barrier-enhancing topical medication is a favorable approach for the treatment of occupational hand dermatitis (OHD). Cocos nucifera or coconut oil is one of the best sources of lipid enriched with laurate acid, and glycerin is a well-known humectant that improves skin hydration. This study is aimed is to evaluate the effectiveness of Cocos nucifera and glycerin for secondary prevention of OHD among batik (Indonesian traditional fabric) workers.
Methods: In a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial, the effect of glycerin-Cocos nucifera cream vs. glycerin-only was considered with multiple afterwork applications of moisturizer over a 2-week period on batik workers with OHD. Assessment of trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), skin capacitance, and a clinical assessment using the Hand Eczema Severity Index (HECSI) were carried out at day 0 and 14.
Results: Thirty-two batik dyeing and/or rinsing workers were enrolled in the study with mild to moderate OHD. Clinical improvement was demonstrated by 20% decrease in HECSI and TEWL, and 20% increase in skin capacitance. Both moisturizers were equally effective for the secondary prevention of OHD.
Conclusion: Glycerin-Cocos nucifera and glycerin-only cream are equally effective for secondary prevention for OHD among batik worker to reduce the prevalence of hand dermatitis.
Adapting and translating the “Hep B Story” App the right way: a transferable toolkit to develop health resources with, and for, Aboriginal people
Authors: Binks Paula , Ross Cheryl , Gurruwiwi George Garambaka , Wurrawilya Shiraline , Alley Tiana , Vintour-Cesar Emily , Hosking Kelly , Davis Joshua S. , Hefler Marita , Davies Jane
Published: June 2023

Background
In 2014 The Menzies hep B team released the first hepatitis B educational app in an Aboriginal language, the “Hep B Story”, addressing the need for chronic hepatitis B information in a patient’s first language. In 2018 the “Hep B Story” was assessed and adapted prior to translation into a further 10 Aboriginal languages. Whilst we initially thought the task would be simple, this was not so. The translation process developed iteratively and evolved into a model that may be applied when creating any health resource in Aboriginal languages.
Methods
The adaptation and translation of the “Hep B Story” process involved ten key steps:
1. Focus groups with language speakers to assess cultural suitability of content.
2. Adaptation of content or images as required.
3. Forward and back translation of script using translators.
4. Translations checked for content accuracy.
5. Queries discussed and corrected with translators.
6. Voiceovers recorded.
7. Revised versions of the app produced.
8. Revised versions of the app reviewed by focus group members and translators.
9. Final edits and corrections made and reviewed.
10. Finalisation and publication of the new language version.
Results
The process of adaptation and translation appears straightforward, and in planning the project, we naively allowed 12 months to complete 10 language translations, in reality it took five years. Forming consultation groups, finding translators to write in language, and removing barriers to work was not easy, while simultaneously dealing with the remoteness of Australia’s Northern Territory. The consultation process for each language group resulted in extensive chronic hepatitis B education community wide, with many participants sharing the story with their family and encouraging them to get a hepatitis B check-up.
Conclusions
With more than 100 people involved in the project and thousands of kilometres travelled across the Northern Territory we produced not only an education tool for many Aboriginal people in their preferred language but developed a model for working with translators to develop health resources for different cultural and linguistic groups across the Northern Territory.
Multi-omics analysis of gut-organ axes reveals the environmental adaptation mechanisms in Tibetan chicken
Authors: Zeng Tao , Cao Yongqing , Tian Yong , Yin Jianmei , Gu Tiantian , Feng Peishi , Sun Hanxue , Ma Xueying , Zhao Zelong , Li Guohui , Chen Li , Xu Wenwu , Xue Qian , Han Wei , Lu Lizhi
Published: June 2023

Background
As a representative extreme ecosystem, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is subject to special climatic conditions, that require unique adaptations for organisms living in the region. In addition to genetic characteristics, the gut microbiota in animals can regulate the environmental adaptation of hosts through various "gut-organ" axes. The Tibetan chicken is the principal poultry species raised on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, however there is limited understanding of the interactions of its gut microbiota and host gene expression, as well as their associations with the plateau’s hypoxic conditions. In this study, a multi-omics approach was used to investigate the gut microbiota of Tibetan chickens and to explore the environmental adaptation mechanisms involved in the "gut-organ" axes.
Results
Significant differences in gut microbiota were found among different chicken populations sampled from across China, governed by variations in habitat species pools and species turnover. A more complex and stochastic-dominated gut microbiota with higher functional redundancy was observed in the Tibetan chicken population living in the plateau environment. Furthermore, Tibetan chickens also had more effective fatty acid degradation capacity, corresponding to their hypoxic environment. In contrast, chickens living in lowland breeding farms showed stronger immune system responses for defense against frequent health threats. These environmental adaptation strategies were found to be regulated by core gut microbes taxa in the phylum Firmicutes.
Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate the roles of breed and habitat in gut microbiota assembly of chickens, and clarifies the adaptation strategies of chickens to environmental changes via gut microbiota-driven "gut-organ" axes.
Oral antibiotics and mechanical bowel preparation for colorectal surgery: a prospective observational study of surgical site infection and microbial analysis
Authors: Rutegård Martin , Tang Alethea , Gregoire James , Stewart Christopher , Hurt Libor , Chandler Susan , Hitchings Matthew David , Healy Brendan , Harris Dean
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are common in colorectal surgery. Mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) in conjunction with oral antibiotics (OABs) have been shown to reduce SSI rates. It however is still unclear which OABs to use, and how this can be implemented in practice.

Methods

This is a prospective observational study carried out in Swansea Bay University Health Board during 2019–2021, evaluating the introduction of OABs in a stepwise manner on the incidence of SSI in major colorectal surgery. A control group having MBP only was compared to two OAB groups. One group had MBP plus metronidazole only and the second MBP plus metronidazole and neomycin. A 30-day follow-up after surgery was ascertained via chart review and telephone contact. Logistic regression was performed to estimate the relation between OAB use and SSI, with adjustment for confounding. In a subset of patients, faecal samples were analysed before and after OAB treatment, depicting the impact of the gut microbiome.

Results

In total 160 patients were analysed: 46 patients had MBP only,
while 76 patients had MBP plus metronidazole only and 38 patients
had MBP with metronidazole/neomycin. The SSI rate in the entire
cohort was 33.8%, while the adjusted ORs for the single and dual
OAB groups were 0.76 (95% CI: 0.17–1.81) and 0.50 (95% CI:
0.17–1.52). The microbial analysis demonstrated that the relative
abundance for many bacterial genera was changed before and after
OAB treatment, but no link with SSI development could be
shown.

Conclusions

Introduction of OABs in conjunction with MBP in colorectal surgery is feasible, and may potentially lead to lower rates of SSI, as well as altering the community structure of the faecal microbiome. More research is needed, especially considering different OABs and mechanistic studies of the gut microbiome in the context of colorectal surgery.
Defining Vaginal Community Dynamics: daily microbiome transitions, the role of menstruation, bacteriophages and bacterial genes
Authors: Hugerth Luisa W. , Krog Maria Christine , Vomstein Kilian , Du Juan , Bashir Zahra , Kaldhusdal Vilde , Fransson Emma , Engstrand Lars , Nielsen Henriette Svarre , Schuppe-Koistinen Ina
Published: June 2023

Background
The composition of the vaginal microbiota during the menstrual cycle is dynamic, with some women remaining eu- or dysbiotic and others transitioning between these states. What defines these dynamics, and whether these differences are microbiome-intrinsic or mostly driven by the host is unknown. To address this, we characterized 49 healthy, young women by metagenomic sequencing of daily vaginal swabs during a menstrual cycle. We classified the dynamics of the vaginal microbiome and assessed the impact of host behavior as well as microbiome differences at the species, strain, gene and phage levels.
Results
Based on the daily shifts in community state types (CSTs) during a menstrual cycle the vaginal microbiome was classified into four Vaginal Community Dynamics (VCDs) and reported in a classification tool, named VALODY: constant eubiotic, constant dysbiotic, menses-related and unstable dysbiotic. The abundance of bacteria, phages, and bacterial gene content was compared between the four VCDs. Women with different VCDs showed significant differences in relative phage abundance and bacterial composition even when assigned to the same CST. Women with unstable VCDs had higher phage counts and were more likely dominated by L. iners. Their Gardnerella spp. strains were also more likely to harbour bacteriocin-coding genes.
Conclusions
The VCDs present a novel time series classification which highlights the complexity of varying degrees of vaginal dysbiosis. Knowing the differences in phage levels and the genomic strains present allows a deeper understanding of the initiation and maintenance of permanent dysbiosis. Applying the VCD’s to further characterize the different types of microbiome dynamics qualifies the investigation of disease and enables comparisons at individual and population levels. Based on our data, to be able to classify a dysbiotic sample into the accurate VCD, clinicians would need two-three mid-cyclical samples and two samples during menses. In the future, it will be important to address whether transient VCDs pose a similar risk profile to persistent dysbiosis with similar clinical outcomes. This framework may aid interdisciplinary translational teams in deciphering the role of the vaginal microbiome in women’s health and reproduction.
Attenuation of transfusion-related acute lung injury by FAK inhibitor PF-562271
Authors: Bai Yuting , He Yixuan , Gang Baocai , Zhang Mengjie , Kang Hu , Ye Yingying , Liu Guoquan , Gu Wei
Published: June 2023

Background
Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a specific form of acute lung injury (ALI) that can cause complications such as respiratory distress, hypoxia, fever, and tachycardia in patients. In some cases, symptoms can develop within 6 h of a transfusion, and chest X-rays may reveal bilateral lung opacity. A study using mice found that the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitor PF-562271 improved ALI.
Methods
For the study, male BALB/Cmice aged 6–8 weeks were randomly assigned to four groups: a blank control group, a group injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a group injected with LPS and 5-day stored platelets (TRALI mouse model), and a group treated with the FAK inhibitor. Pathological changes in the lung tissue, lung wet/dry weight ratio, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and FAK protein were analyzed to determine the effects of the FAK inhibitor on TRALI in mice.
Results
Histological analysis revealed that the alveolar interstitium was filled with inflammatory cells and the alveolar septum was significantly widened in the model group. The lung wet/dry weight ratio confirmed that the pulmonary edema induced by the model group was more severe than that of the LPS group. MPO activity was higher in the TRALI group than in the LPS group. The mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and the protein expression of FAK in the lung tissue were up-regulated. After 24 h of FAK inhibitor intervention, the pulmonary edema in TRALI mice was significantly reduced, the infiltration of inflammatory cells in lung tissue was improved, the lung function was better, and the expression of inflammatory factors was downregulated.
Conclusions
The study successfully constructed a mouse TRALI model infused with aged platelets and found that the FAK inhibitor can alleviate the lung injury caused by TRALI and increase the survival rate of TRALI. Therefore, FAK inhibitors may have potential applications in the treatment of TRALI.
How should tranexamic acid be administered in haemorrhagic shock? - continuous serum concentration measurements in a swine model
Authors: Lynghaug Trine , Bakke Håkon Kvåle , Fuskevåg Ole Martin , Nielsen Erik Waage , Dietrichs Erik Sveberg
Published: June 2023

Background:
Tranexamic acid (TXA) reduces mortality in trauma patients. Intramuscular (i.m.) administration could be advantageous in low-resource and military settings. Achieving the same serum concentration as i.v. administration is important to achieve equal mortality reduction. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether dividing an i.m. dose of TXA between two injection sites, and whether an increase in dose, would lead to serum concentrations comparable to those achieved by i.v. administration.
Methods:
Norwegian landrace pigs (n = 29) from a course in haemostatic emergency surgery were given tranexamic acid 1h after start of surgery. Blood samples were drawn at 0, 5,10, 15, 20, 25, 35, 45, 60 and 85 min. The samples were centrifuged and serum TXA concentrations quantified with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The use of two injection sites was compared to distributing the dose on one injection site, and a dose of 15 mg/kg was compared to a dose of 30 mg/kg. All i.m. groups were compared to i.v. administration.
Results:
The groups were in a similar degree of shock. Increasing the i.m. dose from the standard of 15 mg/kg to 30 mg/kg resulted in significantly higher serum concentrations of TXA, comparable to those achieved by i.v. administration. Distributing the i.m. dose on two injection sites did not affect drug-uptake, as shown by equal serum concentrations.
Conclusions:
For i.m. administration of TXA, 30 mg/kg should be the standard dose. With a short delay, i.m. administration will provide equal serum concentrations as i.v. administration, above what is considered necessary to inhibit fibrinolysis.
The effect of hallux valgus on the anatomy of the nerves around the first metatarsal bone: Does the valgus deviation affect the location of the nerves?
Authors: Çiçek Fatih , Olgunus Zeliha Kurtoğlu , Koç Turan
Published: June 2023

Objective
To identify the variations in the position and distribution of the nerves that may be at risk in surgical approaches to hallux valgus (HV), and to reveal whether these nerves are affected by the anatomical changes associated with HV.
Method
In the formalin fixed 46 lower extremities (19 female, 27 male), extensor hallucis longus tendon (EHL), deep plantar artery, medial dorsal cutaneous (MDCN), deep fibular (DFN), common plantar digital (CPDN) and proper plantar digital (PPDN) nerves were examined. The branches of MDCN extending to the medial side of foot were recorded in three segments. The positional topography of nerves according to EHL were analysed on 360° circle and clock models.
Results
Gender-related differences for some parameters in direct measurements were not found in comparisons on the clock model. In HV cases, DFN was closer to EHL in the distal part of the metatarsal bone, while there was no difference in the proximal and the intersection of the medial branch of the MDCN with the EHL was more proximal. The location of the nerves in the clock pattern did not change in HV cases. Of the nerve branches reaching the medial side of the foot, 65.2% were in Part I, 71.7% in Part II, and 4.3% in Part III.
Conclusion
It was revealed that the gender differences in the distance of the nerves to the EHL disappeared when the size effect of the cross-section of the first metatarsal bone region was eliminated with the clock model. No evidence was found that the location of the nerves around the proximal metatarsal is affected by HV. However, in advanced HV levels, the DFN was found distally closer to the EHL, and the intersection of the medial branch of the MDCN with the EHL was more proximal. The variations we revealed in the number of branches reaching the inside of the foot may explain the diversity of neuromas or nerve injuries associated with hallux valgus surgery.
A new nickel-based δ-isomer Anderson-type polyoxometalates: synthesis, crystal structure and catalytic activity in 1,2,3-triazoles production
Authors: Yousofvand Asmaa , Amini Mojtaba , Hosseinifard Mojtaba , Bayramid Arshad , Janczak Jan
Published: June 2023

In this study, we present a novel organic hybrid Ni-based δ-isomer of Anderson-type polyoxometalates (POMs), namely, δ-[C6H12Mo6N2NiO24]4− (1), as an efficient catalyst for the cycloaddition reaction between alkynes, halides, and sodium azide. Synthesis of the catalyst was performed using a facile one-pot method followed by characterization using single crystal, powder XRD, and FT-IR techniques. After optimizing reaction conditions for a model reaction (T = 80°C, time = 6 h, and solvent = 2 mL H2O), the catalytic activity of this compound was examined for the preparation of diversely substituted 1,2,3-triazoles under ambient atmospheric and additive-free conditions, achieving moderate to good yields. The catalyst 1 exhibited the ability to be reused up to four sequential cycles without significant loss in its catalytic activity. Additionally, the heterogeneity of the catalyst was determined by the hot-filtration test.
“Effect of three vitamin antioxidants on reversal of shear bond strength of bleached enamel: An in-vitro Study.”
Authors: Dr. Pooja Sen  , Dr. Ashwini Prasad  , Dr. Deepak Raisingani  , Dr. Harshit Srivastava  , Dr. Deeksha Khurana  , Dr. Pragya Singhal
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Aims and objectives: To evaluate the effect of Sodium ascorbate, Alpha-tocoferol and Beta-carotene vitamins antioxidant on reversing the bond strength between resin composite and bleached enamel surface.

Materials and methods: The study focussed on use of three vitamin antioxidants. All the groups in the study were subjected to bleaching containing 35% Hydrogen peroxide. Resin restoration were done after 1 week and immediately after bleaching without any antioxidant in Group 1 and 2 respectively. While in Group 3, 4 and 5, following bleaching treatment, samples were exposed to Beta-carotene gel, Sodium Ascorbate solution and Alpha-tocoferol gel respectively for 10 minutes, before resin restoration was done. Specimens were then subjected to Universal Testing Machine. The results were statistically analysed using ANOVA test and Tukey Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test, to comparatively analyse statistical differences between the groups.

Results: The mean shear bond strength values of Group 4 (Sodium Ascorbate solution) showed significantly high bond strengths than Groups 3 (Beta-carotene gel) and 5 (Alpha-tocoferol gel).

Conclusion: Treatment of bleached enamel with Sodium ascorbate and Alpha tocoferol antioxidants has significantly improved the shear bond strength of composite resin to enamel.

Keywords: alpha-Tocopherol, Antioxidants, Ascorbic Acid, beta Carotene
Measurement-induced entanglement phase transitions in variational quantum circuits
Authors: Wiersema Roeland , Zhou Cunlu , Carrasquilla Juan Felipe , Kim Yong Baek
Published: June 2023

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs), which classically optimize a parametrized quantum circuit to solve a computational task, promise to advance our understanding of quantum many-body systems and improve machine learning algorithms using near-term quantum computers. Prominent challenges associated with this family of quantum-classical hybrid algorithms are the control of quantum entanglement and quantum gradients linked to their classical optimization. Known as the barren plateau phenomenon, these quantum gradients may rapidly vanish in the presence of volume-law entanglement growth, which poses a serious obstacle to the practical utility of VQAs. Inspired by recent studies of measurement-induced entanglement transition in random circuits, we investigate the entanglement transition in variational quantum circuits endowed with intermediate projective measurements. Considering the Hamiltonian Variational Ansatz (HVA) for the XXZ model and the Hardware Efficient Ansatz (HEA), we observe a measurement-induced entanglement transition from volume-law to area-law with increasing measurement rate. Moreover, we provide evidence that the transition belongs to the same universality class of random unitary circuits. Importantly, the transition coincides with a “landscape transition” from severe to mild/no barren plateaus in the classical optimization. Our work may provide an avenue for improving the trainability of quantum circuits by incorporating intermediate measurement protocols in currently available quantum hardware.
Radiation, entanglement and islands from a boundary local quench
Authors: Bianchi Lorenzo , De Angelis Stefano , Meineri Marco
Published: June 2023

We study the entanglement and the energy density of the radiation emitted after a local quench in a boundary conformal field theory. We use the operator product expansion (OPE) to predict the early- and late-time behavior of the entanglement entropy and we find, under mild assumptions, a universal form for the leading term, which we test on some treatable two-dimensional examples. We also derive a general upper bound on the entanglement, valid along the full time evolution. In two dimensions, the bound is computed analytically, while in higher dimensions it is evaluated at early and late time via the OPE. These CFT predictions are then compared with a doubly-holographic setup where the CFT is interpreted as a reservoir for the radiation produced on an end-of-the-world brane. After finding the gravitational dual of a boundary local quench, we compute the time evolution of the holographic entanglement entropy, whose late-time behavior is in perfect agreement with the CFT predictions. In the brane+bath picture, unitarity of the time evolution is preserved thanks to the formation of an island. The holographic results can be recovered explicitly from the island formula, in the limit where the tension of the brane is close to the maximal value.
The forming of the customs policy of Russia in the first half of the 19th century
Authors:   Institute of History and Archaeology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nefedov Sergey ,   Ural Federal University
Published: June 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of customs policy on the economic development of Russia in the first half of the 19th century. If we do not take into account the demands of the coalition allies, then this policy was mainly determined by the struggle of two forces with opposing economic interests. One of the forces was “agrarians”, landowners-nobles, interested in free trade, that is, in the free export of agricultural products and the duty-free receipt of manufactured goods from industrial countries. Another force, whose role is still downplayed by historians, was the absolutist state, personified by the monarch and the central bureaucracy. The state was interested in maintaining military and financial power, and in economic independence. This implied an industry that had to be protected from foreign competition by high customs duties. The interests of these forces were reflected in the ideological confrontation. On the one hand, the ideas of Adam Smith’s “political economy” proclaiming freedom of trade were popular among the nobility. On the other hand, the bureaucracy used in its practice the ideas of traditional mercantilism. After the end of the Napoleonic wars, duties were significantly reduced (tariff of 1819), but the relative freedom of trade led to the massive ruin of Russian manufactories. As a result, the tariff of 1822 marked a decisive turn towards mercantilist politics. Although Treasury Secretary Kankrin was lip service to protectionism, he retained the most important mercantilist ban on metal imports by sea. In the absence of competition, the Ural industrialists were not interested in introducing new technology, and the industrial revolution passed by the Russian metallurgy. Thus, while the thoughtless transition to free trade in 1819 caused the ruin of a large part of the manufactures, the mercantelist policy carried to the extreme caused technical stagnation in the most important branches of the economy. This predetermined the further economic lag in the process of “great divergence”.
Spatial transformation of the migration system during the crisis
Authors:   Institute for African Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Agafoshin Maksim M. , Gorokhov Stanislav A. ,   Institute for African Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dmitriev Ruslan V. ,   Institute for African Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: June 2023

The article devotes to identify the features of the functioning of migration systems in crisis periods characterized by extensive increase of forced migrants' flows. The events of the European migration crisis are analyzed in the case of “Arab countries of Asia - The European Union” migration system. The transformation of the migration system is considered within the framework of geographical variant of the traditional three–stage model of migration process proposed by the authors. The first stage are explored the movements within the region of migration flows formations are explored, the second – the movements between the regions of the formation and accumulation of migration flows within transit regions, the third – the movements within the region of the accumulation of migration flows. Quick increase the number of forced migrants leads to changes in their flow characteristics at each stage, as well as to the expansion of the space of the migration system – compared with that in non-crisis periods. At the same time, there is a complication of the system's structure due to the formation of not only primary and secondary transit regions, but also mono- and poly-branched migration routes within their limits. The findings of the Modified Fractionalization Index (MFI) indicate about a significant decrease in the degree of diversification of migration routes during crisis periods. The result of the distribution of migrants within the region of accumulation is an increase of their territorial concentration. The policy of the European authorities to equalize territorial disparities in the resettlement of migrants has had almost no success. A further increase in the concentration of migrants in the largest urban agglomerations resulting from self-organized movements leads to an aggravation of the ethnic and confessional exclusion of the migrant population.
Regional dimension of socio-cultural modernization of the population: results of expeditionary research in Uzbekistan and southern Kyrgyzstan
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Imangulov Linar R. , Kuksin Yaroslav K. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: June 2023

The article attempts a regional measurement of the socio-cultural modernization of the population based on field observations and the results of in-depth interviews with the local population in Uzbekistan and southern Kyrgyzstan. Expedition research route: Osh — Kokand — Tashkent — Samarkand — Bukhara. For the regional measurement of population modernization, the following groups of indicators were used: “characteristics of the cultural landscape” (for example, the layout of settlements, home and space arrangement, land use, etc.) and “social portrait of local residents” (for example, clothing, food preferences, behavior in space, time budget and attitudes of the population). It was revealed that the most conservative and traditional population lives in the regions of the Fergana Valley, the less modernized — in Osh, Samarkand and Bukhara, the most modernized population — in Tashkent, Chirchik and Angren. It is found that regional differences in the socio-cultural modernization of the population correlate with the main provisions of the center-peripheral model. Deviations from it are determined by the nature of settlement, the ethnic structure of the population, the involvement of the population in labor migration, the measure of centrality and the absolute height of the settlement above sea level, etc. Thus, the intra-urban division of most cities into mahalla contributes to the preservation of the traditional community in the east and acts as a barrier to the socio-cultural modernization of the population. In the final part of the article, the national features of the socio-cultural modernization of the population of the studied countries are outlined (for example, the high stability of the national socio-cultural tradition, the multidirectional nature of modernization processes), and brief recommendations are given on the use of the research results in managing the socio-economic development of different regions.