bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reconceptualizing human-wildlife interaction places and bonds through ecopsychology: Healthy reciprocal relationships
Authors: Yerbury Rachel
Published: December 2024

Human-wildlife interaction (HWI) places and bonds are often constructed on anthropocentric principles, which disregard wildlife agency and flourishing. This article explores how humans perceive wildlife and highlights the pitfalls of wildlife commodification and objectification within capitalist, progress-driven societies. As multiple environmental and wildlife pressures and disasters emerge, a reconceptualization of HWI is necessary. An alternative view of HWIs is examined using radical ecopsychology, which invites a reflective look at the intrinsic issues of human exceptionalism and entitlement. The aspirations towards ethical, respectful and healthy relationships are explored, requiring transformative change that amplifies both wildlife voices and those of Indigenous custodians. Reframing human-wildlife relationships through radical ecopsychological principles, invites a fundamental shift in the way that humans perceive and interact with wildlife, and works towards collective dignity and flourishing.
KPNA3 regulates histone locus body formation by modulating condensation and nuclear import of NPAT
Authors: Xu Shui Bo , Gao Xiu Kui , Liang Hao Di , Cong Xiao Xia , Chen Xu Qi , Zou Wen Kai , Tao Jia Li , Pan Zhao Yuan , Zhao Jiao , Huang Man , Bao Zhang , Zhou Yi Ting , Zheng Li Ling
Published: December 2024

The histone locus body (HLB) is a membraneless organelle that determines the transcription of replication-dependent histones. However, the mechanisms underlying the appropriate formation of the HLB in the nucleus but not in the cytoplasm remain unknown. HLB formation is dependent on the scaffold protein NPAT. We identify KPNA3 as a specific importin that drives the nuclear import of NPAT by binding to the nuclear localization signal (NLS) sequence. NPAT undergoes phase separation, which is inhibited by KPNA3-mediated impairment of self-association. In this, a C-terminal self-interaction facilitator (C-SIF) motif, proximal to the NLS, binds the middle 431–1,030 sequence to mediate the self-association of NPAT. Mechanistically, the anchoring of KPNA3 to the NPAT-NLS sterically blocks C-SIF motif-dependent NPAT self-association. This leads to the suppression of aberrant NPAT condensation in the cytoplasm. Collectively, our study reveals a previously unappreciated role of KPNA3 in modulating HLB formation and delineates a steric hindrance mechanism that prevents inappropriate cytoplasmic NPAT condensation.
Closed-form solution of the deflection of a prestressed multilayer cantilever
Authors: Malhaire Christophe
Published: December 2024

In this work, a closed-form solution for the deflection of a multilayer cantilever with initial residual stress in each layer is presented. In particular, this model aims to take into account the relaxation of stresses due to the curvature of the cantilever and to calculate the curvature radius and the bending moment due to stresses. Stress-induced deflections and force & stress-induced deflections of cantilever with different shapes (rectangular, triangular, truncated triangular, V-shaped and truncated V-shaped cantilevers) are obtained from the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. Taking a SiN/

SiO

2

/Si multilayer as an example, the calculated stress-induced profiles do not depend on the shape of the beam and are in good agreement with finite element results. A comparison with results obtained from a model under generalized plane strain condition is discussed. Stress & force-induced deflections are also successfully compared to finite element results. Finally, a new formula is proposed to accurately determine the stress in a thin film material from the study of the curvature of a multilayer cantilever. As illustrated by the example of a virtual

SiO

2

/Si bi-layer rectangular cantilever, the initial stress value which is an input parameter of the finite element analysis is calculated back from the simulated curvature with an accuracy of 0.2%.
Enhanced performance of self-selective RRAM devices in V/TaOx/Pt structure
Authors: Xu Haoyu , Sun Hongli , Liu He , Dong Chenming , Li Chunbo , Mi Wei , Wang Di , He Linan , Zhou Liwei , Zhao Jinshi
Published: December 2024

The performance of resistive random-access memory devices with vanadium as the top electrode and different TaO
x
insulating layer is investigated in this paper. The results indicate that the VO2 oxide layer generated by the oxidation of the vanadium electrode can serve as inherent selector, without the need for additional series selectors required in conventional methods. A large amount of oxygen vacancy migration was limited in the double insulating layers, enabling the device to achieve stable Self-Selective resistive random-access memory performance. This indicated that the advantage of the double insulation layers lay in manipulating the migration of oxygen ions and vacancies. Endurance tests showed no degradation over 103 cycles, and the device maintained stability after 20 000 pulse applications. The subthreshold swing of the selector was less than 42 mV dec−1, and the switching time was less than 2 μs. This research presents a promising advancement in resistive random-access memory technology with potential for high-density memory integration and reliable performance.
Studying magnon band topology through low-energy magnon excitations: role of anisotropic Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction
Authors: Debnath Shreya , Basu Saurabh
Published: December 2024

In this work, we study topological properties of magnons via creating spin excitations in both ferromagnets (FMs) and antiferromagnets (AFMs) in presence of an external magnetic field on a two-dimensional square lattice. It is known that Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) plays an important role in coupling between different particle (spin excitation) sectors, here we consider an anisotropic DMI and ascertain the role of the anisotropy parameter in inducing topological phase transitions. While the scenario, for dealing with FMs, albeit with isotropic DMI is established in literature, we have developed the formalism for studying magnon band topology for the AFM case. The calculations for the FM case are included to facilitate a comparison between the two magnetically ordered systems. Owing to the presence of a two-sublattice structure of an AFM, a larger number of magnon bands participate in deciding upon the topological properties. However, in both the cases, an extended trivial region is observed even with the DMI to be non-zero, which is surprising since the DMI is the origin of the finite Berry curvature in presence of external magnetic field. The nature of the phases in both the cases and the phase transitions therein are characterized via computing the band structure, ascertaining the presence (or absence) of the chiral edge modes observed in a semi-infinite nano-ribbon geometry, and investigation of the thermal Hall effect. Moreover, the strength of the magnetic field is found to play a decisive role in controlling the critical point that demarcates various topological phases.
Restoration of UAV image blurring based on inertial measurement unit
Authors: Guo Cui , Ji Yue , Liu Yuhe , Zheng Haitao , Li Jinyi , Cao Huiliang
Published: December 2024

UAV image restoration technology is widely used for rescue work in extreme vibration environments. In this paper, an image restoration method based on an inertial measurement unit (IMU) is proposed to effectively overcome the image blurring problem caused by the specific motion of the UAV. The technique utilizes IMU data to analyze the attitude and vibration information of the UAV, calculates the point spread function of the blurred image, and combines it with the all-variable regularization method to correct the image blurring problem. Experiments show that this method improves 7.32% over the blind source recovery results in recovering two-axis rotational blurred images. It also avoids the image misfit problem due to specific motion and improves computational efficiency. In addition, we discuss the application of this method in vibration environments and the potential of dynamic carrier image processing.
A submillimeter notch visualization detection method based on local wavenumber imaging algorithm of broadband laser-generated surface-wave
Authors: Zhang Hui , Wang Shuo , Rui Xiaobo , Zhang Yuliang , Li Guangzhi , Xu Lixia , Hui Tianli , Feng Shu
Published: December 2024

Laser ultrasound is widely used in metal notch detection because of its non-contact, non-destructive and high accuracy, but there is still the problem of insufficient detection sensitivity. Therefore, this paper proposes a laser ultrasound-based broadband surface wave local wavenumber imaging algorithm to provide an effective method for the detection of surface notches by taking the aluminum alloy metal structure as the research object. Broadband surface waves on a metal plate are excited by a laser, and vibration information is obtained through vibrometer scanning with a laser Doppler vibrometer. It characterizes the surface notches in the wavenumber domain by filtering out the direct waves and retaining only the reflected surface waves of the new modes generated by the notches, successfully detecting and visually characterizing the tiny surface notches at the sub-millimeter level. The surface notch defect detection experiment was carried out using a laser ultrasound detection platform, and the surface notch with a width and depth of 0.1 mm detection. The effectiveness of the method was verified by repeated experiments. The results of the study provide an effective surface notch detection method for metallic structures which has a broad application prospect.
Human–AI collaborative multi-modal multi-rater learning for endometriosis diagnosis
Authors: Wang Hu , Butler David , Zhang Yuan , Avery Jodie , Knox Steven , Ma Congbo , Hull Louise , Carneiro Gustavo
Published: December 2024

Objective. Endometriosis, affecting about 10% of individuals assigned female at birth, is challenging to diagnose and manage. Diagnosis typically involves the identification of various signs of the disease using either laparoscopic surgery or the analysis of T1/T2 MRI images, with the latter being quicker and cheaper but less accurate. A key diagnostic sign of endometriosis is the obliteration of the pouch of Douglas (POD). However, even experienced clinicians struggle with accurately classifying POD obliteration from MRI images, which complicates the training of reliable AI models. Approach. In this paper, we introduce the Human–AI
Collaborative Multi-modal Multi-rater Learning (HAICOMM) methodology to address the challenge above. HAICOMM is the first method that explores three important aspects of this problem: (1) multi-rater learning to extract a cleaner label from the multiple ‘noisy’ labels available per training sample; (2) multi-modal learning to leverage the presence of T1/T2 MRI images for training and testing; and (3) human–AI collaboration to build a system that leverages the predictions from clinicians and the AI model to provide more accurate classification than standalone clinicians and AI models. Main results. Presenting results on the multi-rater T1/T2 MRI endometriosis dataset collected for validating the methodology, the proposed HAICOMM model outperforms an ensemble of clinicians, noisy-label learning models, and multi-rater learning methods by a large margin. Significance. The HAICOMM methodology offers a novel solution to the long-standing problem of accurately diagnosing endometriosis from MRI images, specifically in relation to the key diagnostic sign of POD obliteration. By leveraging multi-rater, multi-modal, and human–AI collaborative learning, it has the potential to improve the accuracy of endometriosis diagnosis, which could have far-reaching implications for the better management of this challenging medical condition that affects a significant proportion of the female population.
Influences of δB contribution and parallel inertial term of energetic particles on MHD-kinetic hybrid simulations: a case study of the 1/1 internal kink mode
Authors: Zhang H X , Zhang H W , Ma Z W , Liu C
Published: December 2024

The magnetohydrodynamic-kinetic (MHD-kinetic) hybrid model (Park et al 1992 Phys. Fluids B 4 2033–7) has been widely applied in studying energetic particles (EPs) problems in fusion plasmas for past decades. The pressure-coupling scheme or the current-coupling scheme is adopted in this model. However, two noteworthy issues arise in the model application: firstly, the coupled term introduced in the pressure-coupling scheme,

(

∇
⋅

P

h

)

⊥

, is often simplified by

∇
⋅

P

h

, which is equivalent to neglecting the parallel inertial term of EPs; secondly, besides the

δ
f

contribution caused by changing in the EP distribution function, the magnetic field perturbation (the

δ

B

contribution) generated during development of the instabilities should also be considered, but it is often ignored in existing hybrid simulations. In this paper, we derive the analytical formulations under these two coupling schemes and then numerically study the representative case of the linear stability of the

m

/

n
=
1

/

1

internal kink mode (IKM) (Fu et al 2006 Phys. Plasmas
13 052517) by using the CLT-K code. It is found that the approximated models can still yield reasonable results when EPs are isotopically distributed. But it fails completely in cases with anisotropic EP distributions. In addition, we further investigate the influence of EP’s orbit width on the stability of IKM and verify the equivalence between pressure-coupling scheme and the current-coupling scheme.
Simultaneous control of the electron temperature and safety factor profiles in DIII-D using model-based optimal control techniques
Authors: Morosohk S , Wang Z , Paruchuri S T , Rafiq T , Schuster E
Published: December 2024

Future tokamak power plants will likely operate using a single, well-defined plasma scenario, either in steady state or for very long pulse lengths. In order to enhance the robustness of the scenario, feedback controllers for a variety of plasma properties will be necessary to counteract any disturbances and ensure safe operation. However, only a limited set of actuators will be available to control many different quantities. Because of this, it is necessary to develop controllers that are able to regulate multiple plasma properties using a limited set of actuators. To this end, a controller has been developed for the simultaneous regulation of both the electron temperature and safety factor profiles in DIII-D. This algorithm uses a linear quadratic integral control synthesis approach based on a linearized model of the dynamics of the two profiles. Two neural network surrogate models, NubeamNet and MMMnet, are included to improve the fidelity of the model. The controller has been tested in simulation using COTSIM, and has demonstrated the ability to simultaneously track changes in both the electron temperature and safety factor targets, including changes in both the magnitude and the shape of the profiles.
Plasma-activated water retains antimicrobial properties against Escherichia coli after 72 h of storage
Authors: Agus Rita , Pipoz Laurens , Avino Fabio , Lavrikova Aleksandra , Myers Brayden , Furno Ivo
Published: December 2024

Plasma-activated water (PAW) is increasingly recognized for its bactericidal properties. To advance this technology toward practical applications and deepen the understanding of its mechanisms, it is crucial to study the storage stability of PAW, focusing on both its chemical composition and antimicrobial properties over time. In this study, PAW was produced using a surface dielectric barrier discharge applied to ultra-pure water. Six PAW samples were analyzed, with plasma exposure times of 10, 20, or 30 min, and with or without water recirculation. Chemical properties such as pH, electrical conductivity, and oxidation-reduction potential were monitored over 72 h of storage at 25 ∘C. The kinetics of long-lived reactive oxygen and nitrogen species were also studied, with

H
2

O
2

measured by visible spectrophotometry and

NO
2

−

and

NO
3

−

analyzed via ion chromatography. While

H
2

O
2

and

NO
2

−

concentrations decreased during the storage,

NO
3

−

levels increased in all samples, reaching similar final concentrations independently on the water recirculation during plasma exposure. After 72 h, the bactericidal effect of PAW on Escherichia coli was evaluated for 10 and 30 min treatment times and compared to fresh samples. Although water recirculation initially provided stronger antimicrobial effects, after storage, both recirculated and non-recirculated PAW samples exhibited similar antimicrobial activity. This study demonstrates that PAW samples, regardless of the initial chemical composition, associated to water recirculation, achieve comparable antimicrobial properties after 72 h of storage, providing valuable insights for practical PAW applications.
Magnetoconductivity of amorphous films based on molybdenum and tungsten silicide and germanide
Authors: Ercolano P , Zhang X , Pepe G P , You L
Published: December 2024

Amorphous materials have shown remarkable properties for the fabrication of superconducting single photon detectors in different wavelength range. In this work, we have deposited four films with a thickness of 5 nm, from different amorphous materials, namely WGe, WSi, MoGe, and MoSi. Through comprehensive analyses of the properties of the materials, we investigate their fundamental parameters and characteristic interaction times, derived from magnetoconductivity measurements in a physical property measurement system. By comparing them, we aim to provide a deeper understanding of their suitability for superconducting strip photon detectors applications. Specifically, our findings highlight similarities between WGe and MoGe with their counterparts based on silicon, which are already established materials to produce superconducting detectors capable of operating at extended wavelengths.
Research on magnetic field distribution characteristics of 2G-HTS dynamo in superconducting wireless power supply applications
Authors: Shen Liufei , Zhai Yujia , Zheng Zhiqiang , Wu Xingzheng , Zhu Litong , Wang Jinduo , Huang Shoudao
Published: December 2024

The high-temperature superconducting (HTS) dynamo injects direct current (DC) into the winding of superconducting machines through non-electrical contact, solving issues such as thermal leakage in traditional current leads and current decay due to flux motion, joint resistance and AC losses. However, it has been observed that the DC output voltage decreases with an increasing air gap between the rotor magnet and HTS stator. To increase the output of the HTS dynamo at a fixed gap, this study employs an efficient numerical model based on the equivalent current method to investigate the magnetic field distribution of the magnets with different structural parameters. The relationship between the magnetic field distribution of the rotor magnet and the open-circuit voltage of the stator is established and extensively validated against simulation modeling and experimental data. Experimental results indicate that the rotor’s magnetic field distribution and the stator’s magnetic field penetration influence the open-circuit voltage of the HTS dynamo. Specifically, when the distance between adjacent magnets is large, the magnetic field penetration occurs only on both sides of the stator, causing circuit voltage to increase initially and then decrease with the magnet distance decreases. A reverse point opposite to the magnetic field direction on both sides is generated at the center of the stator when the distance decreases further, which increases the average induced current density, and suppresses the downward trend. By optimizing the magnetic field distribution of the rotor magnets on the stator, the DC output power of the dynamo can be effectively improved. This model and the results contained in this article provide a comprehensive theoretical basis for researchers to compare and optimize their own modeling and experiment of the HTS dynamo.
Stable acceleration of a LHe-Free Nb3Sn demo SRF e-linac
Authors: Yang Ziqin , He Yuan , Jiang Tiancai , Bai Feng , Wang Fengfeng , Jiang Guangze , Chu Yimeng , Li Hangxu , Chen Weilong , Zhao Bo , Xue Zongheng , Sun Guozhen , Zhang Shengxue , Xie Hongming , Zhao Yugang , Zhang Peng , Gao Zheng , Li Yaguang , Lu Shaohua , Xiong Pingran , Guo Hao , Liu Lubei , Zhou Yiheng , Cheng Yongqi , Lv Mingbang , Sun Liepeng , Huang Guirong , Wang Zhijun , Zhang Junhui , Huang Yuxuan , Xu Junkui , Zhu Tieming , Tao Yue , Chen Youxin , Zhao Jiang , Xu Mengxin , Tan Teng , Zhao Hongwei , Zhan Wenlong
Published: December 2024

The design, construction, and commissioning of a novel liquid helium-free (LHe-free) Nb3Sn superconducting radio frequency (SRF) electron accelerator at the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMP, CAS) will be presented. A 650 MHz 5-cell elliptical cavity was coated using the tin vapor diffusion method for electron beam acceleration. The cavity was slowly cooled down across 18 K with the high-precision collaborative control of ten individual GM cryocoolers. This process was accompanied by the characteristic magnetic flux expulsion of Nb3Sn films. Horizontal tests of the LHe-free cryomodule show stable operation in both continuous wave (CW) and pulse modes, with maximum peak electric fields (E
pk) of 6.02 and 14.90 MV m−1, respectively. The Nb3Sn SRF electron accelerator achieved stable beam acceleration, reaching a maximum energy of 4.6 MeV with an average macropulse beam current exceeding 100 mA. Additionally, stable electron beam acceleration was achieved for the first time at a cavity temperature of 10 K. This pioneering achievement demonstrates a principal validation for the feasibility of applying Nb3Sn thin film SRF cavities in both large-scale scientific facilities and compact industrial accelerators. It also opens up possibilities for further upgrades in operating temperature, cooling methods, and refrigeration equipment for SRF accelerators.
A case for gross electricity producing compact fusion pilot plants
Authors: Maya P.N. , Deshpande S.P. , Prajapati P. , Sharma P.K. , Ghate M. , Danani C. , Mehta V. , Swami H.L. , Prasad U. , Chaudhuri P.
Published: December 2024

A case for compact gross electricity producing pilot plant is presented. The feasibility of such a plant with a moderate fusion power that is capable of delivering gross electricity to the grid is investigated. The physics and engineering considerations of such power plants are elucidated. We show that for a fusion power of about 300 MW with fusion gain of 5, a moderate plasma β with improved confinement regime is required to prevent excessive transport power loss. The sensitivity analysis indicates a wide enough parameter range where, the fusion power and fusion gain can meet their target values. The constraints arising from the shielding, magnets and maintenance are discussed. The feasibility of steady-state gross electricity production of 160 MW is discussed using a helium-cooled solid breeder blanket with an intermediate energy storage system. It is argued that such a plant has all key technical elements of DEMO, albeit at a smaller scale, thereby providing strong technical basis for DEMO.
Compression failure and energy absorption characterization of mortise and tenon modular cellular structures
Authors: Li Wangfei , Deng Qingtian , Li Xinbo , Jia Jia
Published: December 2024

Based on the modular structure, effects of different module filling methods and dovetail geometry parameters of module connection on the failure modes and energy absorption characteristics of the overall structure are investigated under uniaxial compressive loading. The results show that when the model filling modes are hexagonal and auxetic cell elements filling, the upper-left, lower-middle, and upper-right parts start deforming first, and the connecting parts are all subjected to shear failures. When the overall filling mode is half-filling, the growth rate of the force-displacement curve is more stable, and the efficiency of the compression force is larger. Energy absorption is better when the overall filling pattern of the model is hexagonal unit element filling. The efficiency of the compression force can be improved when the angle α of the connection part is 60° and the width of the connection part is 12 mm. The energy absorption effect can also be improved when the angle α of the connecting part is 65°.
Intelligent fuzzy-PSO based grid connected solar EV charging station for electric buses to enhance stability and energy management
Authors: Phutane Pravin S , Jhala Ashok Kumar
Published: December 2024

Modern power networks are relying more and more on Distributed Generation (DG) and solar energy-powered Electric Bus (EB) charging stations; nevertheless, controlling the charging process under situations of peak EB load and variable solar irradiation presents considerable hurdles. This study presents a coordinated control approach that maximizes energy distribution for solar (PV)-based EB charging stations by using an intelligent energy management system (IEMS). Through the analysis of load demand and meteorological data in real time, the IEMS optimizes PV generation and grid power consumption, thereby halving peak power demand, minimizing system losses, and easing distribution grid stress. In order to enable dynamic modifications to the energy flow between PV power, the grid, and battery storage, the method integrates an adaptive neuro-based fuzzy control system that anticipates solar energy generation and predicts EB load demands. Furthermore, to balance power distribution between battery and ultracapacitor systems and control energy storage in ultracapacitors, a fuzzy inference system optimized using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is utilized. This prolongs battery life and guarantees effective energy management. The overall performance of the IEMS is improved by the fuzzy logic controller, which produces output signals that specify the best power distribution for any energy storage system. Digital simulations and a real-time hardware-in-loop experimental setup are used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed system, which shows notable gains in energy management, grid stability, and system efficiency. In order to improve intelligent energy management in grid-connected solar-powered systems, this study offers a viable method for incorporating renewable energy sources into EB charging stations.
Induced Hamiltonian function on the symplectic one-point blowup
Authors: Pedroza Andrés
Published: December 2024

We work out an example of a circle action on

C

n

\mathbb {C}^n

that motivates the definition of the Hamiltonian function on the symplectic one-point blowup. This is then used to show that the fundamental group of the group of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms of the symplectic one-point blowup has positive rank.
Gysin formulas and equivariant cohomology
Authors: Tu Loring
Published: December 2024

Under Poincaré duality, a smooth map of compact oriented manifolds induces a pushforward map in cohomology, called the Gysin map. It plays an important role in enumerative geometry. Using the equivariant localization formula, the author gave in 2017 a general formula for the Gysin map of a fiber bundle with equivariantly formal fibers. Equivariantly formal manifolds include all manifolds with cohomology in only even degrees such as complex projective spaces, Grassmannians, and flag manifolds as well as

G

/

H

G/H

, where

G
G

is a compact Lie group and

H
H

is a closed subgroup of maximal rank. This article is a simplified exposition using the example of a projective bundle to illustrate the algorithm.
Collaborating With Jails to Provide Community-based Medication for Opioid Use Disorder: Qualitative Perspectives From MOUD Treatment Providers
Authors: Pivovarova Ekaterina , Planas Garcia Bianca Y. , Friedmann Peter D. , Stopka Thomas J. , Santelices Claudia , Evans Elizabeth A.
Published: December 2024

Objectives

As carceral settings increasingly offer medications for opioid use disorders (MOUD), community-based providers will need to navigate relationships with correctional agencies to ensure continuity of MOUD upon release. Although collaboration has been identified as critical between agencies, limited research is available that details how providers can work with jails. We describe the perspectives of MOUD providers about their experiences collaborating with jails that had recently begun to offer MOUD.

Methods

We conducted hour-long interviews with 36 MOUD providers from 18 community-based agencies. Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, and Sustainment (EPIS) concepts informed data collection and analysis.

Results

MOUD providers described agency-specific (inner context) factors that facilitated collaboration, including staffing (employing staff with knowledge of co-occurring conditions) and agency culture (adaptability to change, recognition of gaps in services, being judgment-free). Providers also reported external factors as facilitators, such as broad community support of MOUD services and provision of training about MOUD to jail staff. Holding regular meetings, with a dedicated contact person, helped to overcome communication problems. However, the fragmentation of in-jail treatment services, exacerbated by jails’ contracting with different healthcare providers, made it difficult to coordinate re-entry and establish agency relationships. Actively and intentionally building interagency partnerships and collaborating across interagency cultural and structural differences were bridging factors that developed and sustained collaborations.

Conclusions

Our findings offer promising suggestions for establishing collaborations with carceral partners, including assessing internal agency conditions, seeking external community supports, committing to actively engaging and sustaining collaborations, and using interagency differences to develop mutually beneficial relationships.
False-Positive Phosphatidylethanol Results Due to Blood Transfusion and Implications in the Process of Liver Transplantation Selection
Authors: Wang Jessica A.S. , Cruz Cruz Giovani V. , Shetty Akshay , Esquivel Darlene , Saab Sammy , Shoptaw Steven , Meza Julio
Published: December 2024

Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) testing is becoming increasingly common as a tool to assess for alcohol consumption in the practice of addiction medicine. Its potential to be an objective measure of ethanol exposure is appealing; however, the field has yet to develop a complete understanding of the factors that can influence a PEth level. Here we describe 3 patient cases in which blood transfusion within the preceding 28 days was the reason that PEth studies were positive in patients undergoing liver transplant evaluation. These patients all had in-depth evaluations by physicians on an addiction medicine consult service and were believed abstinent from alcohol. In the field of liver transplant, even a mildly elevated PEth level can result in listing delay or even liver transplant candidacy denial. Further study is needed to understand how PEth is impacted by medical procedures and events such as blood transfusion if we are to maintain a just and ethical practice in the setting of addiction and transplant medicine.
Characteristics of Young Children Associated with Diagnostic Utility of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule: A DBPNet Study
Authors: Fussell Jill J. , Stein Ruth E. K. , Friedman Sandra , Hansen Robin , Roizen Nancy , Sideridis Georgios , Vanderbilt Douglas , Barbaresi William
Published: December 2024

Objective:

The aim of this study is to identify characteristics of children for whom a developmental-behavioral pediatrician's (DBP) diagnostic impressions of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or non-ASD were changed by Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) results.

Method:

A prospective study of children 1½ to <6 years consecutively referred to 8 sites for possible ASD. Cognitive/developmental, language, and adaptive testing varied, as each site followed its usual clinical approach. DBPs documented diagnosis as ASD or non-ASD and their degree of diagnostic certainty (1–10) pre- and post-ADOS. Cases where DBP diagnostic impression did not change after ADOS administration (“Stable Group,” n = 314) were compared with those for whom it did change (“Changed Group,” n = 35), followed by matched random sample comparisons.

Results:

There were no significant differences in child characteristics (age, gender, race, ethnicity, insurance, caregiver education) between the Stable and Changed groups. DBPs' diagnostic certainty was significantly lower, both pre- and post-ADOS, in the Changed versus Stable group. Change was associated with milder symptoms of ASD and less impaired language. In an age- and gender-matched comparison, significant differences remained for diagnostic certainty and severity of social communication impairments. Cognitive scores were significantly higher in the Changed Group. Because of significantly higher caregiver education and a trend toward more privately insured children among the Changed Group, samples (n = 35 each) were then matched on those characteristics, revealing the same differences for diagnostic certainty, severity of ASD symptoms, and language skills.

Conclusion:

Young children with milder ASD symptoms and less impaired language may benefit most from the administration of the ADOS.
Blocking interleukin-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1) signaling in hepatocytes slows down diethylnitrosamine-induced liver tumor growth in obese mice
Authors: Gehrke Nadine , Hofmann Lea J. , Straub Beate K. , Ridder Dirk A. , Waisman Ari , Kaps Leonard , Galle Peter R. , Schattenberg Jörn M.
Published: December 2024

Background:

An increasing number of HCC develops in the context of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and its inflammatory form, metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis, even in the absence of cirrhosis. Chronic metabolic inflammation is the driving force of metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease progression and a key factor in hepatocarcinogenesis. Given the prominent role of IL-1 signaling in inflammation and metabolic diseases, we investigated the relevance of the hepatocyte-specific IL-1 receptor type 1 knockout in metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis–related noncirrhotic HCC.

Methods:

For HCC induction, Il1r1
Hep−/− mice received a single i.p. injection of diethylnitrosamine at 2 weeks and were fed with high-fat plus high-carbohydrate diet, starting from 4 weeks. After 18 weeks of diet intervention, mice were sacrificed, and macroscopic and microscopic tumor loads were assessed.

Results:

Knockout of the hepatic IL-1 receptor type 1 pathway significantly reduced liver tumor growth. Il1r1
Hep−/− mice were also less susceptible to hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, and associated hepatic c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation than their wild-type (WT) littermates. Reduced Ki-67 and cyclin D1 levels, as well as decreased phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, occur in Il1r1
Hep−/− livers, lowering cancer cell proliferation and growth. Additionally, in Il1r1
Hep−/− livers, the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1/2-driven accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and CD8+ T-cell infiltration were reduced compared to the wild type.

Conclusions:

Metabolic inflammation mediated by the hepatocytic IL-1 receptor type 1 is a cofactor in mutagenic hepatocarcinogenesis. Targeting IL-1 signaling could be an adjunct strategy to the current immunomodulatory HCC treatments.
Chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain shares a highly heritable latent pathway with atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness
Authors: Naeini Maryam Kazemi , Cecelja Marina , Freidin Maxim B. , Smith Isabelle Granville , Hysi Pirro , Nielsen Christopher Sivert , Williams Frances M. K.
Published: December 2024

Chronic widespread pain (CWP) is prevalent and associated with reduced life expectancy. Cardiovascular disease is one possible mechanism for this. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of CWP with arterial stiffness and carotid plaque measured using ultrasound to determine if shared environmental or genetic factors might account for any observed association. Around 3000 participants from the TwinsUK with CWP information and measures of carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), carotid intima–media thickness (cIMT), and plaque were considered. The relationship between CWP and cfPWV, cIMT, and plaque was determined. UK Biobank data were used to replicate the association. Cholesky decomposition and multivariate pathway twin models were examined. Using a 2-sample Mendelian randomisation approach, the causal association between CWP and coronary artery disease was assessed. TwinsUK participants demonstrated a significant association between CWP and increased cfPWV consistent with arterial stiffening (OR = 1.35, P-value = 0.012), as well as the presence of carotid plaque (OR = 1.45, P-value = 0.8e-5). The twin modelling showed a common latent component and pathway underlying CWP, cfPWV, and carotid plaque, with genetic factors accounting for 68% and 90% of the latent factor variation, respectively. The 2-sample MR revealed a potential causal association between CWP and coronary artery disease. This study found that those with CWP have increased the risk of arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis and suggests that CWP leads to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease through genetic factors.
Broad-Spectrum Micronutrients or Antidepressants for Antenatal Depression
Authors: Heaton Jessica L. , Campbell Siobhan A. , Bradley Hayley A. , Mulder Roger T. , Dixon Lesley , Henderson Jacki , Rucklidge Julia J.
Published: December 2024

Purpose/Background

One-fifth of women experience antenatal depression. Untreated antenatal depression is associated with increased risk of adverse birth outcomes. This study investigated the effect of broad-spectrum micronutrients (BSM; vitamins and minerals), used to treat antenatal depression (NUTRIMUM trial), on birth outcomes.

Methods/Procedures

Birth outcomes of 129 mother-infant pairs were obtained from hospital medical records or personal health records for home births. Pairs from NUTRIMUM exposed to ≥8 weeks of BSM antenatally (MN; n = 55) were compared to pairs exposed to antidepressants antenatally (MED; n = 20) and a reference group (REF; n = 54) of pairs not exposed to trial BSM or antidepressants.

Findings/Results

Groups were comparable on demographic variables. At study entry, MN and MED had depression scores in the moderate range, statistically higher than REF (nonclinical range). MN and REF did not differ significantly for gestational age, preterm births, infant size, or infant resuscitation. There were significantly lower rates of postpartum hemorrhage in MN relative to REF (7.7% vs 30%; RR = 0.26, 95% CI [0.08–0.84]). Gestational age at birth was higher for MN (39.5 weeks) than MED (38.5 weeks; d = 0.67, 95% CI [0.15–1.20], P = 0.03) as well as infant birth length (52.2 vs 50.0 cm; d = 0.77, 95% CI [0.21–1.33], P = 0.02), and rates of infant resuscitation were lower (14.5% vs 45%; RR = 0.33, 95% CI [0.15–0.73]). Days of BSM exposure was positively associated with birth weight (r = 0.32, P = 0.008) and length (r = 0.25, P = 0.04).

Implications/Conclusions

Micronutrients used to alleviate antenatal depression may mitigate negative effects of depression on birth outcomes and showed more favorable birth outcomes compared with antidepressants.
Medical and Demographic Characteristics of Patients With Eosinophilic Esophagitis and Celiac Disease
Authors: Aly Mohamed , Liu Benjamin D. , Song Gengqing
Published: December 2024

Background:

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and celiac disease are both chronic T helper cell-mediated inflammatory conditions of the digestive tract. Although an association between these two conditions has been suggested, it has not been well characterized in a real-world setting.

Goals:

Our objective was to better examine the association between celiac disease and EoE using a real-world population database.

Study:

This was a retrospective cohort study of data using TriNetX, a global population database, to identify patient records using International Classification of Disease 10 (ICD-10) codes. We organized participants into six distinct cohorts predicated on age and diagnoses of celiac disease and EoE between April 28, 2003, and April 28, 2023. Patient demographics, prevalence, incidence, and medical characteristics of each cohort were extracted.

Results:

Among 46,398 patients with EoE and 84,383 patients with celiac disease, individuals with EoE demonstrated a higher prevalence (2.76%) and incidence (329/100,000 persons/year) of celiac disease compared with those without EoE (0.21% prevalence and 146/100,000 incidence, between 2021 and 2023). A concurrent diagnosis of both conditions increased the risk of asthma (RR: 2.00 pediatric, 1.82 adult), allergic rhinitis (RR: 2.35 pediatric, 1.81 adult), atopic dermatitis (RR: 3.28 pediatric, 2.07 adult), and rheumatoid arthritis (RR: 3.53 pediatric, 1.41 adult). In addition, patients with celiac disease with EoE exhibited a heightened risk for iron deficiency anemia (aHR 1.789; 95% CI: 1.166 to 2.745).

Conclusions:

Both the incidence and prevalence of EoE are elevated in patients with celiac disease and vice versa. These concurrent diagnoses affect disease characteristics and heighten the risk of complications in celiac disease.
The impact of climate change on respiratory health: current understanding and knowledge gaps
Authors: Joshi Manish , Joshi Anita , Bartter Thaddeus
Published: December 2024

Purpose of review

To present an overview of the impact of climate change upon human respiratory health.

Recent findings

Climate change is directly impacting air quality. Particulate matter clearly increases mortality rates. Ozone, a longstanding suspect in climate-related injury, turns out not to have the major impact that had been projected at current levels of exposure. The key factors in global warming have been clearly identified, but while these factors collectively cause deleterious changes, a close look at the literature shows that it is unclear to what extent each factor individually is a driver of a specific process. This article summarizes some of those studies.

A better understanding of which components of climate change most impact human health is needed in order to re-define environmental standards. PM2.5 needs to be broken down by chemical composition to study the differential impacts of different sources of PM2.5. The detection and study of climate-related changes in respiratory infectious diseases is in a state of relative infancy.
Global, regional, and national burden of liver cancer due to alcohol use, 1990–2021: results from the Global Burden of Disease study 2021
Authors: Wang Qihong , Jia Wen , Liu Jiao , Zhao Qian , Yang Zhuo
Published: December 2024

Background

Liver cancer is a major global health burden, with alcohol use being a well-established risk factor. This study aims to analyze the global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to liver cancer due to alcohol use from 1990 to 2021.

Methods

Data on liver cancer due to alcohol use were collected from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. The changing trend of liver cancer among alcohol users was described using the linear regression model. In addition, we employed a hierarchical cluster analysis to study the evolving patterns across diverse GBD regions and conducted a frontier analysis to explore the nexus between the burden and sociodemographic progress.

Results

In 2021, alcohol-related liver cancer globally accounted for 99 544 incidence cases, 132 033 prevalence cases, 92 228 death cases, and 2 316 027 DALYs cases. Males and middle-aged adults emerged as high-risk populations, while regions with a higher sociodemographic index (SDI) were identified as high-risk areas. From 1990 to 2021, both the number of cases and age-standardized rates (ASRs) increased. Our frontier analysis revealed unattained health gains between 1990 and 2021, highlighting disparities in disease burden among countries with varying SDI levels. This analysis further demonstrated an inverse correlation between SDI and alcohol-related liver cancer ASRs, with the ASRs stabilizing once the SDI exceeded 0.40.

Conclusion

Alcohol use is a significant contributor to the global burden of liver cancer. Comprehensive policies and interventions targeting alcohol use are needed to reduce the burden of alcohol-related liver cancer.
Safety and efficacy of resmetirom in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH): a systemic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Abbasi Laraib , Irfan Qunoot , Zaidi Syed Muhammad Mehdi , Jawed Izma , Malik Abdullah , Kaleem Shamama
Published: December 2024

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) affects nearly 38% of the population, potentially progressing to cirrhosis and cancer. Lifestyle changes remain the cornerstone of management, but adherence is challenging, prompting the exploration of therapeutic options. Resmetirom, targeting thyroid hormone receptors, regulates liver enzymes and fat metabolism, showing potential as a treatment for MASH. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the safety of resmetirom in MASH patients. Three randomized controlled trials with adult participants were analyzed, sourced from PubMed and the Cochrane Library until April 2024. Participants received either resmetirom or placebo, and data on adverse effects and efficacy outcomes were extracted. Statistical analyses, including risk ratios (RRs) and confidence intervals (CI), were performed using Review Manager (version 5.4.1) with a random-effects model. The pooled RR for serious adverse events was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.63–1.14; P = 0.28), indicating no significant difference. However, diarrhea (RR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.41–2.35; P < 0.001) and nausea (RR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.31–2.28; P < 0.001) showed higher incidence. No significant differences were found for fatigue (RR = 1.19, 95% CI: 0.77–1.84; P = 0.43) or urinary tract infections (RR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.76–1.52; P = 0.69). Liver fat content, lipid profiles, and liver enzymes also showed significant improvement in the resmetirom group. Low heterogeneity across most outcomes indicated consistent findings among the studies. While resmetirom demonstrates efficacy in improving lipid and liver profiles, its increased risk of diarrhea and nausea should be considered in therapeutic decisions.
Secondary sclerosing cholangitis due to drug-induced liver injury: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chen Qiannan , Kong Derun , Liu Xiaochang
Published: December 2024

Background

The main objective of our study was to assess the frequency of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) patients with coexisting secondary sclerosing cholangitis (SSC) within our center and then analyze clinical features of these patients. SSC has received limited attention in the context of DILI. These changes can be observed on magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP).

Methods

We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study involving 185 consecutive patients diagnosed with DILI between January 2020 and August 2024. We reviewed MRCP images of 81 available patients.

Results

Among the 185 patients, 81 underwent MRCP and 14 patients (17.3%) were diagnosed with SSC. Nine (64.3%) of 14 were diagnosed with biliary strictures in extrahepatic bile ducts, and 11 of 14 patients (78.6%) displayed segmental distribution. The SSC group showed higher peak alkaline phosphatase (ALP) values (660 vs. 290 U/l, P = 0.015), longer resolution time (114 vs. 61 days, P = 0.038), and a higher frequency of chronic injury (35.7% vs. 10.4%, P = 0.016). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified peak ALP values as a risk factor for SSC [odds ratio = 1.002 (1.000–1.005), P = 0.030].

Conclusion

The prevalence of drug-related SSC has noticeably increased in recent years. The higher peak ALP values potentially associated with an increased risk of drug-related SSC onset.