bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A orientação psicanalítica de Rosine e Robert Lefort na clínica do sujeito
Authors: Scalzo Paola Basso , Lustoza Rosane Zétola
Published: September 2020

O artigo aborda a orientação psicanalítica de Rosine e Robert Lefort e tem por objetivo colocar em primeiro plano as contribuições desses dois autores no desenvolvimento de novos horizontes práticos para a psicanálise lacaniana. O artigo resgata assim a originalidade de sua obra, refletindo sobre os princípios essenciais que a norteiam e que permitem a ampliação do discurso analítico a domínios até então julgados refratários ao seu tratamento. Para tanto, o artigo explicita três de suas principais proposições. Em primeiro lugar, a ideia segundo a qual a unidade da psicanálise reside no conceito de sujeito; em segundo lugar, a afirmação da inexistência de diferença entre a psicanálise com crianças e com adultos e, finalmente, em terceiro lugar, a consideração do desejo do analista como operador essencial no tratamento.
Coins and cultural contact: adoption and use of metal coins by non-Greeks in ancient Calabria (6th- 5th centuries BC.)
Authors: Florenzano Maria Beatriz Borba
Published: September 2020

We are all familiar with the main questions involved in the adoption and use of coined metal by the Greeks back in the 6th-5th centuries BC; questions such as the steps in the expansion in the Mediterranean area of the habit of coining; abstract value and concrete value; intrinsic value and “fiduciarity” of coined money and so forth. In this short paper, our intention is to focus attention on coin and metal finds in general (hoards, excavations, sporadic findings) in Southern Italy during the 8th- 5th centuries BC our case study intends to call attention to the ways of contact between the apoikiai and non-Greeks communities showing how the expansion of coinage promoted cultural change in this area and period specially as far as the notion of value goes.
Editorial
Authors: Magma Comissão Editorial
Published: September 2020

Editorial da Magma Revista.
O pacto de silêncio na estória de Maria Mutema
Authors: Atroch Daniel Cavalcanti
Published: September 2020

O artigo propõe uma leitura da estória de Maria Mutema, espécie de conto incrustado no romance Grande sertão: veredas, de Guimarães Rosa, enfocando o desenvolvimento do tema do duplo, discernível nas relações entre os personagens Maria Mutema, o marido assassinado, Padre Ponte e Maria do Padre, cujos destinos são enfeixados por um “pacto de silêncio”.
Schwarz lê Brecht
Authors: Campos Filho Lindberg
Published: September 2020

É possível dizer que há uma mudança considerável na leitura que Roberto Schwarz faz de Bertolt Brecht. Se por um lado seu comentário – por ocasião da tradução de A Santa Joana dos matadouros – é determinado por uma admiração estética e intelectual em relação à obra do dramaturgo, por outro lado o tom de seu provocativo ensaio – “Altos e baixos da atualidade de Brecht”– é mais crítico e até, em certo modo, pessimista a respeito das potencialidades abertas pela insistência contemporânea nos procedimentos do teatro épico brechtiano devido, sobretudo, às suas correspondentes transformações em “artigos de consumo” em meio à extinção do antigo movimento operário e da era das revoluções, bem como ao fato do capitalismo ter supostamente se tornado um fator dinâmico. É nesse sentido que essa reflexão visa recuperar os argumentos desenvolvidos nesses dois textos e propor e delimitar ao menos dois momentos da leitura que Schwarz faz de Brecht, levando em consideração sua explicação fundamental para tal metamorfose – a ausência de um referente de revolução social que conferisse fôlego e sentido às teorias e ao teatro brechtianos.
Amor versus Sociedade: as “noites de Romeu e Julieta” e o mito de Don Juan na poesia de Castro Alves
Authors: Mauro Tereza Cristina
Published: September 2020

Este ensaio focaliza a oposição estabelecida entre amor e sociedade na poesia de Castro Alves através de seu diálogo com o mito de Don Juan e com a peça Romeu e Julieta, identificando na noite o cenário privilegiado para a realização amorosa. Parte-se da hipótese de que a alusão à noite estaria relacionada à negação da rigidez da sociedade. Sendo assim, o presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar, a partir da perspectiva da literatura comparada, de que modo esse diálogo contribui para uma concepção mais liberal do amor na obra do poeta baiano, profundamente atrelada aos seus poemas abolicionistas.
Forma abierta en modo épico: una lectura de Galáxias desde la teoría de la novela
Authors: Cembrano Jorge Andrés Manzi
Published: September 2020

En este escrito se ha ensayado una aproximación a Galáxias de Haroldo de Campos basada en la noción de crisis de la objetividad elaborada en la teoría de la novela. Aunque Galáxias no sea una novela, hemos argumentado que su teoría, en especial la reflexión sobre los límites de la escritura épica en la modernidad capitalista, puede ofrecer un marco crítico relevante para leer este singular proyecto de nueva prosa. Para ensayar tal aproximación, hemos analizado detenidamente un texto de Galáxias escrito en 1966. En términos generales, el presente ensayo fue escrito buscando posibles puntos de contacto entre la teoría de la novela y una teoría de la forma abierta de orientación prosaica.
Corpo, voz, cinema e performance no “texto 1”, de Antropofagias, de Herberto Helder
Authors: Costa Felipe Marcondes da
Published: September 2020

A partir do “Texto 1” de Antropofagias, escrita em 1971 em Angola, pretendo depreender como o texto inaugural da referida série revela aspectos da poética de Herberto Helder. A opção do poeta português por uma vida de reclusão, sem aparições públicas, coloca em primeiro plano sua obra, o seu corpus. Sua figura ausente alterou significativamente o modo como se realiza a leitura da obra, já que põe em primeiro plano o corpo textual, num processo de dessubjetivação que confere à dimensão autoral menor importância. Os procedimentos lançados no “Texto 1”, como a evocação do corpo, a centralidade conferida ao leitor, a relação entre a poesia e outras artes – particularmente o cinema –, são elementos recorrentes que somados à invisibilidade física do poeta conferem valor corpóreo a seu corpus. No início da década de 1970, a significativa mudança no discurso das artes influencia a postura de artistas diante do mundo e do fazer artístico, resultando em uma nova forma de expressão alojada no limiar entre a vida e a arte: a arte da performance, expressão híbrida que toma o corpo como materialidade basilar para suas experiências. Investigando o exercício de assimilação entre arte e vida, a partir da mediação da escrita – que não se apresenta como fim em si mesma –, procuro nesta leitura articular a prática poética de Herberto Helder com procedimentos de seus contemporâneas na arte da performance.
Osman Lins e Mia Couto: o inusitado encontro nas alturas
Authors: Frazin Adilson
Published: September 2020

Sob a égide da literatura comparada, propomos uma leitura crítica de A ilha no espaço, novela literária de Osman Lins publicada pela primeira vez em 1964, em cotejo com a crônica intitulada “A ascensão de João Bate-Certo”, presente em Cronicando, de 1991, do escritor moçambicano Mia Couto. Devido não apenas às condições distintas de cada escritor em relação a seu lugar de enunciação, mas também a anseios estéticos e políticos díspares, a princípio, a condução de uma análise que implicasse com algum êxito tais breves narrativas pareceu-nos pouco provável. Todavia, um inusitado encontro – aqui compreendido única e exclusivamente como exercício crítico – poderá ser justificado, sobretudo, pela obstinação de seus respectivos protagonistas e igualmente por elementos espaciais que favorecem em ambos os textos a construção de universos simultaneamente intrigantes e oníricos, os quais nos fazem inevitavelmente refletir sobre nossas posturas diante da solidão, do amor, da vida e da morte, para além de um permanente desejo de elevação social. Ademais, através do resgate de textos menos visitados de dois singulares escritores, invariavelmente apontados pelo público leitor por subverterem e espraiarem as potencialidades da linguagem literária, nós poderemos ouvir as mesmas vibrantes vozes que fizeram deles estimáveis artífices da palavra.
Apresentação
Authors: Revista Magma
Published: September 2020

Voz do Escritor
As vozes do feminino na voz de Angélica Freitas
Authors: Ghazzaoui Fátima
Published: September 2020

Em Cartas a um jovem poeta, Rainer Maria Rilke aconselha seu remetente, o jovem poeta Franz Xaver Kappus, a não buscar nas exterioridades o valor do seu trabalho. Se efetivamente escrever era uma necessidade para ele, o escritor o aconselha a procurar em si mesmo as razões: “Procure entrar em si mesmo. Investigue o motivo que o manda escrever; examine se estende suas raízes pelos recantos mais profundos de sua alma; confesse a si mesmo: morreria, se lhe fosse vedado escrever?” (Rilke, 2013, p. 22). Mais adiante, Rilke também sugere que ele deve “fugir dos motivos gerais para aqueles que a sua própria existência cotidiana lhe oferece” (idem, p. 23). Este parece ser o caminho que a escritora gaúcha Angélica Freitas seguiu ao publicar seu primeiro livro – Rilke Shake – em 2007. Jornalista de formação (UFRGS), não encontrou na rotina da profissão o tipo de escrita a qual almejava cultivar. Somente quando abandonou o jornalismo pôde se dedicar integralmente à literatura, sonho que a acompanhava desde a infância.
O que queria falar sobre Marília Garcia
Authors: Izumino Julia Pasinato
Published: September 2020

Marília Garcia é tradutora, editora e cofundadora da Luna Parque, editora independente de livros de poesia. Foi cocriadora e curadora da Revista Modo de Usar e Co., ao lado de Angélica Freitas e Ricardo Domeneck, revista on-line que colecionou uma enorme variedade de poetas do mundo todo. Escreve colunas para jornais e revistas, aparece em festivais e eventos sobre literatura e, claro, é poeta. Até agora publicou seis livros, sendo o primeiro, 20 poemas para o seu walkman, de 2007.
Omar Pérez: descrição precisa no país da poesia
Authors: Sousa Pacelli Dias Alves de
Published: September 2020

Omar Pérez (1964-) é poeta, tradutor e ensaísta. Foi considerado parte da “Generación de los ochenta” em Cuba e apareceu em algumas antologias que marcaram a escrita e a crítica do período – como Poesía cubana de los 80, de Alicia Llarena, e, especialmente, Retrato de grupo, organizado por Carlos Augusto Alfonso, Victor Fowler Calzada, Emilio Garcia Montiel e Antonio José Ponte. Sob a designação de “Generación de los ochenta”, um conjunto de poetas nascidos entre o fim dos anos 1940 e o começo dos anos 1960 se agrupou na azotea da poeta Reina María Rodríguez, em Havana, que Pérez frequentou em seus vinte e poucos anos: espaço de leitura e aprendizado de filosofia, assim como de discussão sobre a literatura. Ademais, na azotea circulavam livros de autores que não estavam nos catálogos editoriais oficiais.
Epopeiazinha
Authors: Guimarães Jonatas Aparecido
Published: September 2020

Epopeiazinha, de Jonatas Aparecido Guimarães.
A cidade
Authors: Barreto Renato Amado
Published: September 2020

A cidade, por Renato Amado Barreto.
Biblioteca
Authors: Oliveira Aryanna
Published: September 2020

Biblioteca Magma
Gadolinium-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Colorectal Tumor in MR Colonography
Authors: Wang Huiyang , Ding Wenxiu , Peng Lijun , Fan Hongjie , Yan Chunhong , Xu Shufeng , Sun Jihong , Zhu Xisong
Published: September 2020

The current study aims to investigate the possibility of using solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs)-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) colonography to diagnose colorectal cancer. Gd-FITC-SLNs were synthesized by loading gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) and fluorescein
isothiocyanate (FITC) simultaneously. Twenty mice received azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS) to induce adenocarcinoma of the colon and were divided into 4 groups, and 5 in per group. MR colonography were performed at different time periods before and after enema or intravenous
injection of Gd-FITC-SLNs or Gd-DTPA. The results demonstrated SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) significantly increased from 1.56- to 1.76-fold within the colorectal tumors after the enema of Gd-FITC-SLNs (p < 0.001). No differences in SNR were observed after the enema of Gd-DTPA (p
> 0.05). Besides, SNR increased from 1.54- to 1.72-fold within the colorectal tumors after the intravenous injection of Gd-FITC-SLNs (p < 0.001) while SNR increased from 1.39to 1.57-fold within the colorectal tumors after the injection of Gd-DTPA (p < 0.001). In
addition, SNR within colorectal tumors significantly increased ranging from 20th to 140th min, and lasted for about 120 min (p < 0.05) after the enema of Gd-FITC-SLNs and SNR within colorectal tumors also significantly increased ranging from 0th hour to 8th hour, lasted for about
8 hour (p < 0.05) after the injection of Gd-FITC-SLNs. However, after the injection of Gd-DTPA, SNR within colorectal tumors significantly increased only ranging from 0th min to 20th min after administration (p < 0.01). Furthermore, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining
revealed that all mice developed adenocarcinoma of the colon. In summary, it is feasible by using Gd-FITC-SLNs in MR colonography to diagnose colorectal cancer. Enema of Gd-FITC-SLNs can provide marked enhancement of colorectal tumors quickly, and safer while intravenous injection of Gd-FITC-SLNs
can provide a long-lasting enhancement of colorectal tumors in MR colonography. These findings present a potential clinical application of Gd-FITC-SLNs on MR colonography.
Cardamonin Alleviates Oxidative Stress, Cell Apoptosis Level and Extracellular Matrix Degradation by Inhibiting NF-kb in ILβ-1 -Induced Chondrocytes
Authors: Li Chongxin , Zeng Wei
Published: September 2020

Currently, osteoarthritis as degenerative chronic joint disease remains unsolved and finding the effective targeting therapeutic agent is pressing. Therefore, in this research, we aimed to investigate the effects of cardamonin, the NF-kb inhibitor, in cell model of osteoarthritis. IL-1β
that induced chondrocytes served as the cell model of osteoarthritis. The cells were divided into control, IL-1β and IL-1+ cardamonin groups. Western blot assays were performed for assessment of protein expression level and PCR for gene level. Flow cytometry was used for cell
apoptosis detection. MDA, LDH SOD and ROS were detected by corresponding kits. The NF-kb was activated by IL-1. The entrance of NF-kb into cell nucleus was inhibited by cardamonin in IL-1β-induced cells. The MDA, LDH and ROS were increased by IL-1β and SOD was down-regulated by IL-1β.
This effect of IL-1β was reduced by cardamonin. The cell apoptosis and pro-apoptosis proteins were increased and BCl-2 was down-regulated in IL-1β-induced cells. After cardamonin treatment, this effect was inhibited. The extracellular matrix degradation as well as the relative degradation
enzymes was elevated by IL-1β, and this effect was further inhibited by cardamonin as well. Cardamonin exerted protective effects via alleviating oxidative stress, cell apoptosis level and extracellular matrix degradation by inhibiting NF-kb in IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. Cardamonin
as NF-kb inhibitor was a promising drug for therapy of osteoarthritis.
Plantamajoside Inhibits Hepatic Carcinoma Cell Proliferation, Migration, Invasion and Induces Apoptosis Through Regulating Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase/ Protein Kinase B Pathway
Authors: Zhou Yiqun , Tan Yong , Shi Zheng , Chen Renshou
Published: September 2020

Background: Plantamajoside (PMS) is the main active compound of Plantago asiatica . It is a traditional Chinese medicine and has been reported to have various biological activities. However, the function of PMS on hepatic carcinoma cells (HCC) and the potential mechanism of action
still remains unevaluated. Here, we investigated the effect of PMS on HCC cells and the potential molecular mechanism. Methods: Firstly, HCC cells were treated with different dose of PMS (0, 20, 80 and 160 g/ml). Then, cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Furthermore, we investigated
the cell apoptosis, migration and invasion by flow cytometry assay and Transwell assay. In addition, PI3K/AKT related proteins p-AKT and AKT were determined via Western blotting assay. Results: Our results showed that PMS dose-dependently reduced HCC cell viability. PMS also induced
HCC cell apoptosis, up-regulated the expression of Bax and down-regulated expression of Bcl-2. In addition, the Bcl-2/Bax ratio was also decreased. The migration and invasion of HCC cells were also consistently suppressed by PMS treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Subsequently, the results
indicated that PMS down-regulated the expression of p-AKT, suggesting the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway in HCC progression. Conclusion: The results indicated that PMS could inhibit HCC progression through regulating cell viability, apoptosis, migration, invasion and PI3K/AKT pathway.
Thus, PMS might be a hopeful pharmacological agent for the treatment of hepatic carcinoma.
Biomechanical and Histopathological Analysis on Different Approaches for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Shu Li , Chai Hao , Zhang Lei , Sun Rongxin , Jiang Kan
Published: September 2020

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is one of the common injuries in sports and vehicle accidents. ACL decreases joint stability, leading to increased incidence of osteoarthritis. Although there are various approaches for the reconstruction of ACL, no consensus has been reached
on the safest and most effective method to achieve joint stability. Here we have compared the biomechanical and histopathological outcomes of three different approaches: intra-articular ACL reconstruction, remnant-preserving and re-tensioning and non-remnant-preservation technique, using finite
element analysis, histopathologic observation as well as qPCR and western blot analysis. Results of the current study showed no significant differences among the three methods concerning biomechanical, histopathological analysis and mRNA and protein levels of chondrocyte apoptotic markers
such as JNK, MMP-1 and SIRT1 (P > 0 05). Those results indicated that remnant preservation techniques such as intra-articular ACL reconstruction and remnant-preserving and re-tensioning are similar in their ability to achieve joint stabilization and prevent chondrocyte regeneration
to non-remnantpreservation technique.
Specifications of Medical Adhesives for Skin Wound Applications
Authors: Zhang Yi-Qing , Ying Jiao-Qian , Zhang Guo-Qiang
Published: September 2020

This study aims to discuss an experience in the treatment of lacerations in different parts of the skin in emergency surgery, and summarize the clinical application value of medical adhesives for wound debridement and adhesion. The signs for application, usage methods and steps in the
treatment of wounds, as well as the effect observation recorded in literatures and case records were reviewed. Application of medical adhesives in the treatment of head and face skin lacerations can reduce scars. It can also reduce pain caused by trauma, and the incidence of wound abscess
and inflammation in the treatment of limb and nail bed injuries. The application of medical adhesives for debridement simplifies the operation and shortens operation time, saves the requirement of stitch removal, and reduces the patient's pain and difficulties, and patient visits. The standard
use of medical adhesives can achieve a better effect on trauma repair, and avoid erythema, induration, scar hyperplasia and other needle reactions in debridement of skin lacerations; achieving the cosmetic repair of trauma. By reviewing past experiences in the use of medical adhesives, this
study summarizes the methods and precautions for the application of medical adhesives for injuries in different parts of the skin.
Long Noncoding RNA Metastasis-Associated Lung Carcinoma Transcript 1 (MALAT1) Inhibits Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Formation Through Regulating Smad/Runx2 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Pan Qingyun , Dong Biao , He Yong , Wang Xiaohui
Published: September 2020

Osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is controlled by elaborate genetic programs. lncRNA MALAT1 plays an important role in many diseases. However, the role of lncRNA MALAT1 in BMSCs remains unclear. Isolated Rat BMSCs were cultured and randomly divided
into control group, MALAT1 group and MALAT1 siRNA group, in which lncRNA MALAT1 plasmid and lncRNA MALAT1 siRNA were transfected into BMSCs followed by analysis of lncRNA MALAT1 expression by real time PCR, cell proliferation by MTT assay, Caspase 3 activity, ALP activity was analyzed, calcified
nodules by alizarin red staining, expression of Smad1 and Smad7 by Western blot as well as Runx2 expression by real time PCR. In MALAT1 group, MALAT1 expression was significantly increased along with significantly inhibited cell proliferation, increased Caspase 3 activity, decreased ALP activity
and calcified nodules, reduced expression of Smad1, Smad7 and Runx2 compared with control group (P < 0 05). MALAT1 expression in MALAT1 siRNA group was decreased with significantly promoted cell proliferation, decreased Caspase 3 activity, increased ALP activity and calcified nodules,
as well as significantly elevated expression of Smad1, Smad7 and Runx2 compared with control group (P < 0 05). Up-regulation of lncRNA MALAT1 expression inhibits the Smad/Runx2 signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting BMSCs proliferation and osteogenesis. Down-regulation of lncRNA MALAT1
expression promotes Smad/Runx2 signaling pathway activation, inhibits BMSCs apoptosis, promotes proliferation and osteogenic differentiation.
Effect of New Type of Desensitization on the Microleakage of Pure Titanium Crown
Authors: Xu Xuehong , Yang Changwei , Chu Chienyu , Lin Pingting , Huang Honglan , Luo Bizhu , Yin Lu
Published: September 2020

This study was conducted to observe surface morphology changes of dentin surface coated with potassium doped nano hydroxyapatite (K-nHA) on the surface of isolated teeth. The surface morphology of isolated molars was coated with K-nHA, nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA), and Gluma
desensitizers to observe changes in surface morphology. The effects ofK-nHA, nHA, and Gluma desensitizers on microleakage of pure titanium crowns after bonding with zinc polycarboxylate cement (ZPCC) were measured. Three different treatment methods can effectively close the dentin tubules.
Depth into the dentin tubule of K-nHA was higher than the other two groups. K-nHA reduces the microleakage of ZPCC bonded pure titanium crown. The microleakage value of the K-nHA group was lower than that of the nHA group, but there was no statistical difference. K-nHA
is better than the simple nHA in closing the dentinal tubules. It has better curative effect on dentin hypersensitivity, and has a better sealing effect.
Blocking Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Alleviates Osteoarthritis in Rats
Authors: Wang Ying , Sun Lili , Qin Junli , Wu Meng , Zhang Jinfeng
Published: September 2020

Osteoarthritis is a chronic multiple degenerative bone and joint disease. The most common manifestations are damaged articular cartilage, thickening and sclerosis of subchondral bone, and osteophytes formation at the joint edge. This study will block the Wnt/β -catenin signaling
pathway to observe its role on a rat model of osteoarthritis. In this experiment, rat osteoarthritis model was established by intra-articular administration of iodoacetic acid. The LF-3 treatment was started on the second day after modeling. Two weeks later, rat knee articular cartilage was
collected. The morphology of cartilage was observed by HE, Safranin O and toluidine blue staining. The expression levels of TIMP-3, MMP-9 protein and mRNA were detected by western blot and real-time quantitative PCR. After blocking the Wnt/ β-catenin signaling pathway, TIMP-3 expression
level was increased, MMP-9 expression was decreased, and cartilage damage was ameliorated. Blocking the Wnt/ β-catenin signal can reduce the degradation of matrix in cartilage tissue, thereby playing a protective role and helping the recovery of osteoarthritic rats.
Introduction to Therapeutic Jurisprudence and Nonjudicial Decision Making
Authors: Frailing Kelly , Perlin Michael L.
Published: September 2020

This article introduces the remaining articles in the issue.
Sexist Microaggressions: Traumatic Stressors Mediated by Self-Compassion
Authors: Cherry Marcus A. , Wilcox Melanie M.
Published: September 2020

Women regularly endure sexist microaggressions, which are often associated with anger, depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, and trauma. The cumulative effects of sexist microaggressions may result in internalized sexism and undermine self-compassion. Notably, prolonged exposure to sexism is associated with trauma symptoms; however, the traumatic effects of sexist microaggressions have remained largely theoretical. Thus, we examined the role of sexist microaggressions as a traumatic stressor and evaluated self-compassion and internalized misogyny as mediators of sexism-based traumatic stress. With a sample of 370 adult cisgender women, results suggested that sexist microaggressions significantly and positively predicted trauma symptomology, and that this relationship was partially mediated by self-compassion but not internalized misogyny. Results supported sexism as a traumatic stressor, and low self-compassion as a mechanism through which sexist microaggressions result in traumatic stress. We discuss implications for research and practice.
Preservice classroom teachers’ perspectives on a comprehensive school physical activity programme
Authors: Lee Joonyoung , Zhang Tao , Zhang Xiaoxia , Chu Tsz Lun (Alan) , Weiller-Abels Karen H
Published: September 2020

Objective:

Classroom teachers can play an important role in supporting the implementation of a Comprehensive School Physical Activity Programme (CSPAP) by integrating physical activity (PA) into academic lessons, providing PA opportunities at recess and becoming role models for school-aged children. Grounded in the expectancy-value model, the goal of this study was to explore preservice classroom teachers’ perspectives towards the programme in terms of their expectancy-related beliefs and subjective task values.

Setting:

A large public research university in the southwestern region of the USA.

Method:

Participants were 192 preservice classroom teachers ( Mage = 19.85 years, SD = 0.6; female = 92%) enrolled in a public university. Participants responded to open-ended questions about their beliefs and values related to the CSPAP after learning about the programme model. Using thematic analysis, initial codes were generated from participants’ responses, and three researchers who were knowledgeable in the CSPAP approach identified the final main themes.

Results:

The results revealed several overarching themes for understanding preservice classroom teachers’ expectancy-related beliefs and subjective task values towards implementing CSPAP in schools, including the essential role of CSPAP in the family and community, innovation in pedagogy and the influence of the CSPAP on daily PA.

Conclusion:

Our study adds to the literature on preservice classroom teachers’ beliefs and values towards the CSPAP using an expectancy-value model. Potential applications and suggestions for future practice are discussed.
City context and subjective career success: How does creative workers’ need for recognition filter city identity?
Authors: Montanari Fabrizio , Mizzau Lorenzo , Razzoli Damiano , Rodighiero Stefano
Published: September 2020

How do creative workers draw on their city context as they interpret their subjective career success over time? This article aims to answer this question with a qualitative study of 140 creative workers in Reggio Emilia, Italy. The results illuminate how subjective career success stems from a need for recognition that draws on a city’s identity. Mobilising Lotman’s concept of semiosphere, we propose that creative workers use city identity to understand what ‘soft’ factors they can harness from the city context. They filter city identity based on three recognition-related needs that are contingent on their level of work experience. Our contribution is threefold. First, we provide a nuanced view of the social and symbolic context in which careers are embedded, highlighting its multilayered, multivocal and multimodal nature. Second, we provide a fine-grained understanding of the interplay between an individual’s career need for recognition and their interpretation of city identity. Third, we shed light on recognition as a facet of subjective career success, which is particularly relevant to creative workers.
That’s Private! Understanding Travelers’ Privacy Concerns and Online Data Disclosure
Authors: Ioannou Athina , Tussyadiah Iis , Miller Graham
Published: September 2020

Against the backdrop of advancements in technology and its deployment by companies and governments to collect sensitive personal information, information privacy has become an issue of great interest for academics, practitioners, and the general public. The travel and tourism industry has been pioneering the collection and use of biometric data for identity verification. Yet, privacy research focusing on the travel context is scarce. This study developed a valid measurement of Travelers’ Online Privacy Concerns (TOPC) through a series of empirical studies: pilot ( n=277) and cross-validation ( n=287). TOPC was then assessed for its predictive validity in its relationships with trust, risk, and intention to disclose four types of personal data: biometric, identifiers, biographic, and behavioral data ( n=685). Results highlight the role of trust in mitigating the relationship between travelers’ privacy concerns and data disclosure. This study provides valuable contribution to research and practice on data privacy in travel.
Is Tolerance Liberal? Javed Ahmad Ghamidi and the Non-Muslim Minority
Authors: Iqtidar Humeira
Published: September 2020

Tolerance is claimed not just as central to liberalism, but increasingly as the sole preserve of a liberal order. This essay opens up a critical space for examining the naturalized relationship between liberalism and tolerance by focusing on the political thought of Javed Ahmad Ghamidi (1951–), a prominent Pakistani public intellectual who is often labeled as a “liberal” Islamic thinker. Ghamidi has never identified himself as one. Using as an investigative opportunity the disjuncture between his self-identification and how his ideas are labeled, and placing Ghamidi’s ideas within the wider tradition of Islamic thought, this essay elaborates on his vision of non-liberal tolerance predicated on individual responsibility infused with humility and shari’a-inspired state minimalism. Insight into the depth of nonliberal conceptions can facilitate a reconsideration of the relationship between liberalism and tolerance.
Social Mobility in Chilean Youth and Their Parents: A Generational Analysis from the Perspective of Social Reproduction
Authors: Rodrigo Luis Miguel , Oyarzo Mauricio
Published: September 2020

Recent studies on Chile agree that the country’s youth enjoy greater social mobility than previous generations. This has been attributed either to their greater access to higher education or to life-cycle effects on occupation. A test of these two hypotheses by estimating the socioeconomic positions of four generations of Chileans using a model of analysis based on the social reproduction paradigm shows that younger generations of Chileans have a lower level of social inheritance than the rest of the population only during their initial years in the labor market. Therefore, the greater social mobility observed in them is temporary and is explained by life-cycle effects on occupation.

Estudios recientes sobre Chile coinciden en que la actual juventud chilena goza de una mayor movilidad social que las generaciones anteriores. Esto se ha atribuido a su mayor acceso a la educación superior o a los efectos del ciclo de vida en la ocupación. Aquí se examinan estas dos hipótesis a partir de una aproximación en torno a las posiciones socioeconómicas de cuatro generaciones chilenas. Se utiliza un modelo analítico asentado en el paradigma de la reproducción social, el cual nos muestra que las generaciones más jóvenes tienen un grado de herencia social más bajo que el resto de la población tan sólo durante sus primeros años como participantes en el mercado laboral. Por lo tanto, su mayor movilidad social es temporal y se explica a partir de los efectos del ciclo de vida en la ocupación.
Urbanizing Camels: Camels in Beijing, 1900-1937
Authors: Zhang Lei
Published: September 2020

This article investigates the history of camels in Beijing from 1900 to 1937. Since the Qing period, the camel living in the villages on the western outskirts of Beijing had become the beast of burden for carrying coal from the Western Hills to the city and stimulated interconnection between the urban and rural areas. The use of camels was scrutinized during the urbanization that followed the Boxer Rebellion in 1900. However, camels did not disappear. After Beijing lost its status as the political capital in 1928, camels were reimagined as a symbol of nostalgia and part of the city’s new identity to reconstruct Beijing as a cultural capital and tourist city in a global context. The article argues that the urbanization of camels in Beijing was not a deanimalized process; instead, it was reordering of the relationship between animals and the city beyond a utilitarian perspective to address social and cultural dimensions, it was also a process that preserved the past and accommodated the present.
Family Matters: The Support of Parents to Change Black Male’s Attitudes Towards HIV
Authors: Boyd Donte T. , Quinn Camille R. , Waller Bernadine , Aquino Gabbrielle
Published: September 2020

This study explored the associations between family (mother and father support), peers, and individual factors (self-efficacy) and how these relationships influence HIV attitudes among African American males 12 to 19 years of age, with an average age of 16 years. For this study, we used restricted data obtained from Wave I of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (ADD Health). Descriptive statistics suggest that most of the sample had negative attitudes towards HIV. Bivariate regression analysis followed by a linear regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors that were associated with HIV attitudes. Major findings from regression analysis indicate that mother support, father support, self-efficacy, and age, predicted HIV attitudes. Mother support positively predicted positive HIV attitudes and surprisingly, father support negatively predicted HIV attitudes. Our findings can be used to better inform HIV prevention and intervention programs to help Black males stay healthy.
The impact of minimal invasive extracorporeal circulation on postoperative kidney function
Authors: Media Ara Shwan , Juhl-Olsen Peter , Magnusson Nils Erik , Modrau Ivy Susanne
Published: September 2020

Introduction:

Acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery is a frequent complication associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Minimal invasive extracorporeal circulation is suggested to preserve postoperative renal function. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of minimal invasive versus conventional extracorporeal circulation on early postoperative kidney function.

Methods:

Randomized controlled trail including 60 patients undergoing elective stand-alone coronary artery bypass graft surgery and allocated in a 1:1 ratio to either minimal invasive (n = 30) or conventional extracorporeal circulation (n = 30). Postoperative kidney injury was assessed by elevation of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a sensitive tubular injury biomarker. In addition, we assessed changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and the incidence of acute kidney injury according to the Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) classification.

Results:

We observed no differences between groups regarding increase of plasma NGAL (p = 0.31) or decline of eGFR (p = 0.82). In both groups, 6/30 patients developed acute kidney injury according to the AKIN classification, all regaining preoperative renal function within 30 days.

Conclusion:

Our findings challenge the superiority of minimal invasive compared to conventional extracorporeal circulation in terms of preservation of renal function following low-risk coronary surgery.
“I’ve Got the Energy to Change, But I Haven’t Got the Energy for This Kinda Therapy”: A Qualitative Analysis of the Motivations Behind Democratic Therapeutic Community Drop-Out for Men With Sexual Convictions
Authors: Duncan Katie , Winder Belinda , Blagden Nicholas , Norman Christine
Published: September 2020

Prison-based democratic therapeutic communities (TCs) provide an alternative to mainstream prison, where prisoners can work on psychological difficulties and address offending behavior. Research demonstrates TCs are effective at reducing reoffending rates for residents who stay in therapy 18+ months, and those who drop out of TCs offend at a significantly higher rate than those who complete therapy. Thus, it is important to reduce attrition in TCs. No research has yet explored the explanations for TC drop out offered by those with sexual convictions. The present study uses Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis to qualitatively explore the accounts of men with sexual convictions ( n = 7) who dropped out of a TC in a UK prison. Results highlight that issues surrounding external responsivity, therapeutic relationships, and treatment readiness were salient in the participants’ accounts of drop out. This research has implications for TCs seeking to better understand and address attrition of people with sexual convictions.
Content analysis of child user and carer perspectives of ankle–foot orthoses
Authors: Lahoud David , Teng Christine HE , Nusem Erez , Burns Joshua , Wrigley Cara , Cheng Tegan L
Published: September 2020

Background:

The evaluation of ankle–foot orthoses is primarily focused on biomechanical performance, with comparatively less studies pertaining to users’ quality of life and experiential factors.

Objectives:

To investigate how child users regard acquisition and use of ankle–foot orthoses through the perspectives of child users, parents/carers and practitioners.

Study design:

Inductive content analysis of secondary data.

Methods:

Child user and parent/carer perspectives, as communicated by them and by practitioners, were collected from online platforms and formal publications. Data and themes were analysed through an inductive approach. Investigator triangulation was used to increase trustworthiness and reduce bias.

Results:

We found and analysed 223 data points from 30 informal online platforms and 15 formal publications. These data clustered into five key themes relating to user experience with ankle–foot orthoses, including materials, structure, aesthetics, service and impact. Child users had mixed opinions about ankle–foot orthoses, reporting satisfaction with the functional improvements resulting from ankle–foot orthosis wear, while noting negative feelings from the experience of acquiring and using the device.

Conclusion:

This research suggests that considering the five themes in ankle–foot orthosis provision could improve the child user experience, inform future ankle–foot orthosis design, and improve clinical outcomes.
Edgewise vibration suppression of multi-megawatt wind turbine blades using passive tuned mass dampers
Authors: Park Semyung , Lackner Matthew A
Published: September 2020

The lack of aerodynamic damping of wind turbine blades in the edgewise direction causes larger dynamic responses and lowers the reliability. As blades become longer, edgewise fatigue loading increases rapidly. To mitigate the blade edgewise vibration, structural control techniques using a tuned mass damper (TMD) are applied in this paper. The “TMD” module in FASTv8 was upgraded to enable the high-fidelity simulation of structural control of the blade response. With the developed tool, the optimal parameters and generalized design formulas were established through a parametric study. Also, the control effect of the optimal blade-TMD on reducing fatigue and extreme loads of two different multi-megawatts turbine blades is investigated. Fully-coupled non-linear time marching simulations were conducted by running key design load cases (DLCs) with site-specific meteorological conditions. The results provide insight into the potential benefits and impacts of passive structural control to reduce the fatigue and extreme loads of turbine blades.
Content of Home-Based Dementia Care: Adverse Consequences of Unmet Toileting Needs
Authors: Reckrey Jennifer M. , Bollens-Lund Evan , Ornstein Katherine A.
Published: September 2020

Despite high-intensity caregiving support, those with dementia may experience adverse consequences because the care they receive does not match their care needs. This study evaluates the relationship between content of care (i.e., specific assistance with toileting) and adverse consequences (i.e., toileting accidents because no one was there to help) in a population of community-dwelling Medicare beneficiaries with dementia and impairment in toileting enrolled in the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS). Only two thirds of individuals received specific assistance with toileting, which was associated with a reduced risk of adverse consequences related to toileting in a multivariable model adjusted for key variables including high-intensity caregiving (odds ratio [OR] = 0.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.23, 0.58]). To ensure care meets the needs of those with dementia living in the community, it is important to consider not only the quantity but also the content of care received.
Reproducing Global Inequalities in the Online Labour Market: Valuing Capital in the Design Field
Authors: Demirel Pelin , Nemkova Ekaterina , Taylor Rebecca
Published: September 2020

Millions of freelancers work on digital platforms in the online labour market (OLM). The OLM’s capacity to both undermine and reproduce labour inequalities is a theme in contemporary platform economy debates. What is less well understood is how processes of social (re)production take place in practice for diverse freelancers on global platforms. Drawing on a study of freelance designers, we use Bourdieu’s notions of capital and field to explore the specific ‘rules of the game’ and the symbolic valuing of skills and identities that secure legitimacy and advantage in the OLM. We contribute to contemporary debates by illuminating the power of Global North actors to shape freelancer positions and hierarchies in the online design field. The ‘cost advantages’ of Global South workers are counterbalanced by the symbolic legitimising of specific cultural and social practices (specifically in relation to language) and the devaluing of others.
Meeting WASH SDG6: insights from everyday practices in Dar es Salaam
Authors: Hofmann Pascale
Published: September 2020

While existing datasets and statistics provide a useful indication of progress towards meeting Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6, they are far from accurate and sufficient. There is a need for new and more disaggregated data to shed light on unequal service provision patterns, particularly for many informal urban settlements. This paper aims to address this need through a granular space and time-based examination of the diverse everyday practices in two lower-income settlements of Dar es Salaam. The findings reveal spatial and temporal variations at the inter- and intra-settlement scale while tracing differential and changing practices among poor women and men. The in-depth case study exposes important blind spots in policy and planning, provides wider lessons for achieving more equal and sustainable access to services and developing more responsive policy and planning approaches, and emphasizes the value of local data collection.
Gender Variability in Processes of Migrants’ Smuggling Along the Nigerian–Libyan Corridor
Authors: Adeniran Adebusuyi Isaac
Published: September 2020

While varying factors have been adduced as facilitators of budding patterns of irregular mobility across the Sahara, a pivotal issue of concern amid the crisis has been lack of appropriate gender profiling of various actors. Engaging an exploratory design (which combines case profiling, in-depth interviews [IDIs], and focus group discussions [FGDs]) and ‘actor-network’ theoretical approach, which affirms the significance of both human and nonhuman agencies in processes of irregular transnational mobility, this study assesses the interpositions of gender and migrants’ smuggling along the Nigerian–Libyan migratory corridor. Although organized crime is explored as a general notion, the emphasis in the study has been on specific gender roles of individual actors (between the point of migrants’ departure [Benin City, Nigeria] and the point of migrants’ processing [Agadez, Niger Republic]). Of what significance are gender categories (male and female) in the recruitment of ‘organizers’ and ‘subjects’ of migrants’ smuggling within these study locations? Though it has been assumed that the female gender has often been at the receiving end of most organized irregular mobilities along the Nigerian–Libyan corridor, findings from this study have shown that female network actors have been as active as their male network counterparts in processes of migrants’ smuggling. The outcomes of this study have been particularly useful in situating the interpositions of gender and smuggling of migrants along the Nigerian–Libyan corridor within an appropriate epistemological context.
Rural-Urban Disparities in Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Among Middle-Age Men in China
Authors: Liu Lee
Published: September 2020

Rural-urban health disparities are still poorly understood, due to a considerable gap in knowledge, while a looming heart disease and stroke epidemic in China has caused global concern. This report attempts to fill in the knowledge gaps to examine if rural-urban disparities in heart disease and stroke mortality have widened, which population cohorts have experienced the greatest mortality growth and disparities, and if rurality still matters in China. Age-specific data from 2002 to 2016 published in the China Health Yearbooks were analyzed with the Joinpoint Regression Program. The results reveal that China faces a fast growing cardiovascular disease epidemic with widening rural-urban disparities. Rural death rates have grown higher than urban rates along with fast rising rural mortality, and the fastest increasing rates are found among rural men in younger age groups. These findings inspire further research into the causes of the disparities.
Bone biomarkers in koalas: validation of assays and preliminary analyses
Authors: Chen Chien-Jung , Anderson Stephen T. , Steiger Natasha , McKinnon Allan , Henning Joerg , Allavena Rachel
Published: September 2020

Traumatic injury, including bone fracture, is, to date, one of the leading causes of koala mortality in the South East Queensland region of Australia. Further, the specialist diet of koalas, which is restricted to certain Eucalyptus spp., may impact their normal bone physiology. Considering the dramatic koala population decline and high incidence of trauma, a greater understanding of koala bone physiology may support conservation. We retrieved from GenBank the protein sequences of parathyroid hormone (PTH), osteocalcin (OCN), and tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNALP) in human, dog, cattle, horse, koala, and gray short-tailed opossum. After homology was determined, plasma samples from 13 koalas were analyzed with human PTH, OCN, and bone-specific ALP (BALP) assay kits. Although koala PTH exhibited relatively low sequence homology with placental mammals, high sequence homology between humans and koalas was observed for both OCN and TNALP, and successful cross-reactivity was achieved using human enzyme immunoassay kits for detection of OCN and BALP biomarkers in koala plasma. However, we identified no correlation between OCN and BALP concentrations of healthy and trauma-affected koalas ( p = 0.66 and p = 0.79, respectively). Further analysis of OCN and BALP in healthy and diseased koalas will allow a better understanding of bone physiology in this unique marsupial.