bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Experimental Approaches for the Determination of Flammability Limits in Methane–Hydrogen Mixtures with CO2 Inertization Using the Spark Test Apparatus
Authors: Amez Isabel , Paredes Roberto , León David , Bolonio David , Pantelakis Dimitrios , Castells Blanca
Published: November 2024

This study presents a novel experimental method to determine the flammability limits and the minimum oxygen concentration in methane–hydrogen mixtures using the spark test apparatus (STA), by incorporating CO2 as an inert compound. The proposed methodology allows for the more accurate and efficient assessment of the safety of these flammable mixtures, which is crucial for industrial applications where hydrogen-enriched fuels are used. When comparing the literature data, the differences between methods are not significant, although the procedure, apparatus, and test conditions influence the results. Then, the proposed method is experimentally validated in the STA. Methane is enriched with hydrogen at different concentrations (10, 20, 30, and 50%). The results in the STA show good alignment with the literature data. Furthermore, literature data analysis allows for the generation of an empirical curve that shows the influence of hydrogen addition in methane–air mixtures. The theoretical flammability intervals are also presented as a result. Such representations, after method validation, are the base of the flammability interval test in the STA. The capability of the STA to define flammability ranges in ternary diagrams provides an innovative graphical approach to control explosive atmospheres and facilitates its application in the prevention of industrial accidents.
Toxicity of Low-Level Multiple-Mycotoxin Mixture in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Is Prevented with Organically Modified Clinoptilolite Feed Additive
Authors: Hussein Wanvisa , Wojnarowski Konrad , Cholewińska Paulina , Thammatorn Worrayanee , Szeligowska Natalia , Todorović Nemanja , Baska Ferenc , Rojtinnakorn Jiraporn , Palić Dušan
Published: November 2024

Organically modified clinoptilolite (member of the zeolite family of minerals; MinazelPlus®) feed additive, with an average weight of 30 ± 2 g, was used to prevent mycotoxicosis in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) through its supplementation for 42 days to the diet contaminated with multiple mycotoxins: aflatoxin B1 (40 µg/kg), fumonisin B1 and B2 (600 µg/kg), zearalenone (50 µg/kg), and deoxynivalenol (150 µg/kg). The fish were divided randomly into four experimental groups (basal diet control—C; fed 2 g/kg MinazelPlus®—MZ; fed multiple mycotoxins—MT; and fed a combination of MinazelPlus® and multiple mycotoxins—MZ + MT). Each group consisted of triplicate aquarium setups, with six fish in each replicate. Sampling was performed in weeks 2, 4, and 6. The lymphocyte count was significantly higher in the MZ group compared with the MT group and the MT + MZ group in week 6. An overall decrease in the neutrophil count was observed in the experimental groups. Histopathological analysis was performed in weeks 2 and 6, revealing significant changes in the liver, intestines, kidney, and spleen of fish from the MT group, while the MT + MZ and MZ groups were similar to the control. The addition of 2 g/kg MinazelPlus® has the ability to prevent and reduce the adverse effects of chronic exposure to low concentrations of multiple mycotoxins in juvenile Nile tilapia.
Integrated Aquaculture and Monoculture of Low-Trophic Species
Authors: Valenti Wagner C. , Ballester Eduardo Luis
Published: November 2024

Aquaculture is undoubtedly a critical sector for satisfying the needs of a growing human population and meeting the Sustainable Development Goals of Agenda 2030 [...]
Exploring Policy of Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries in China: Evolution, Challenges and Prospects
Authors: Xiong Minsi , Wu Zuli , Qi Guangrui , Jiang Keji , Zhao Na , Jiang Wei
Published: November 2024

China plays a significant role in the global fishing industry. The small-scale fisheries (SSFs) operating along its coast have made noteworthy and invaluable contributions in the areas of poverty alleviation, protein provision, social equity, and overall socioeconomic development. Coastal small-scale fishing management is a persistent challenge for all fishing nations, including China. In recent years, China has made significant strides in adopting scientific and refined approaches to fishery management in this sector. This paper provides an overview of the development of China’s coastal fishery management practices, including changes in policies, methods, and modes since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949. To address these challenges, this research seeks to enhance the governance system of small-scale coastal fisheries by assessing values from three dimensions: society, economy, and ecology.
Environmental Contaminants in Fish Products: Food Safety Issues and Remediation Strategies
Authors: Visciano Pierina
Published: November 2024

The intentional or accidental presence of environmental contaminants, such as persistent organic pollutants, metals, and microplastics, can harm the aquatic ecosystem and their living organisms, as well as consumers of seafood. This study provides an overview of marine pollution caused by various chemicals and their toxicity to both the environment and humans. In addition to regulatory limits established for some contaminants, monitoring and management policies should mandate activities such as bioremediation and the use of carbon-based composite photocatalysts to reduce or eliminate these compounds.
Brassica oleracea var italica and Their By-Products as Source of Bioactive Compounds and Food Applications in Bakery Products
Authors: Quizhpe Jhazmin , Ayuso Pablo , Rosell María de los Ángeles , Peñalver Rocío , Nieto Gema
Published: November 2024

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) is one of the most consumed cruciferous crops in the world, with China and Spain acting as the main producers from outside and within the EU, respectively. Broccoli florets are edible, while the leaves and stalks, discarded in the field and during processing, are by-products. Therefore, the objective of this study was to conduct a comprehensive review of the nutrient and phytochemical composition of broccoli and its by-products, as well as its beneficial effects. In addition, the study highlights the revalorization of broccoli by-products through innovative green technologies and explores their potential use in bakery products for the development of functional foods. The studies suggested that broccoli is characterized by a high content of nutrients and bioactive compounds, including vitamins, fiber, glucosinolates, and phenolic compounds, and their content varied with various parts. This high content of value-added compounds gives broccoli and its various parts beneficial properties, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, metabolic disorder regulatory, and neuroprotective effects. Furthermore, broccoli and its by-products can play a key role in food applications by improving the nutritional profile of products due to their rich content of bioactive compounds. As a result, it is essential to harness the potential of the broccoli and its by-products that are generated during its processing through an appropriate agro-industrial revalorization, using environmentally friendly techniques.
Study on Evaluation of Fruit Aroma of Plum Variety Resources Based on Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Combined with Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Sun Hailong , Lu Xiaofeng , Wang Yang , Li Jing , Liu Shuo
Published: November 2024

To explore the characteristics of and variations in aroma components across different plum varieties and maturity stages, this study employed headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). This method was used to systematically analyze the aroma components of 12 early-maturing, 15 medium-maturing, and 11 late-maturing plum varieties. The variations in volatile components among these three germplasm types were then compared using multivariate statistical methods. The examination revealed that 138 aromatic components were meticulously identified and quantified, such as 26 aldehydes, 63 esters, 13 ketones, 30 alcohols, and six other compounds. Thirteen main aroma compounds including acetic acid hexyl ester, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol acetate, hexanal, 1-hexanol, 3-hexenal, butanoic acid butyl ester, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, hexanoic acid butyl ester, propanoic acid butyl ester, (E)-2-hexenal, L-.alpha.-terpineol, (Z)-2-hexen-1-ol acetate, and 1-butanol were considered dominant. The orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) combined with variable importance projection (VIP) results showed that 24 differential aroma compounds were screened out from 38 varieties of plum fruits based on their differences in aroma components, which can be used to distinguish plum fruits at different ripening times. Twenty-four aroma-contributing compounds were identified based on their odor activity values (OAVs). Among these, 14 key aroma components with OAVs ≥ 10 were highlighted. In summary, the aroma compounds of early- and late-maturing plum germplasm exhibited rich diversity, with significant differences in aroma components between plums of varying maturity and germplasm. These differences can serve as indicators for identifying different plum germplasm.
Activity of Bambara Groundnut Seed Coat Extract Against Shewanella Species: Efficacy and Mechanisms of Action
Authors: Palamae Suriya , Suyapoh Watcharapol , Boonrat Onpreeya , Zhang Bin , Amin Muhamad , Buatong Jirayu , Benjakul Soottawat
Published: November 2024

The Bambara groundnut is the indigenous legume in the southern part of Thailand. It contains a seed coat rich in polyphenols, which can serve as natural antimicrobial agents. The extracts from red and white seed coats of Bambara groundnuts, namely RSC and WSC, respectively, were prepared using an ultrasound-assisted extraction process. The extraction yield, total phenolic content (TPC), and antimicrobial activity of both extracts were examined. The RSC extract demonstrated a significantly higher extraction yield (8.35%) than WSC extract (2.34%) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the TPC of RSC extract (420.98 ± 0.27 mg of gallic acid/g dry extract) was higher than that of WSC extract (28.29 ± 0.91 mg of gallic acid/g dry extract). The RSC extract exhibited stronger inhibition against Shewanella putrefaciens and S. algae than its WSC counterpart. Liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF/MS) analysis indicated that the RSC extract was rich in flavonoids and polyphenols, while the WSC extract contained more triterpenoid saponins. Time–kill kinetics showed that the RSC extract reduced bacterial loads in a dose-dependent manner. Scanning electron microscopic images revealed that drastic bacterial cell membrane damage with a rough surface and the deformation of cells was caused by the extract. Furthermore, confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) images confirmed the inhibition of S. algae biofilm formation by RSC extract. RSC extract also suppressed bacterial motility, induced protein leakage, and reduced extracellular protease activity, thus highlighting its potent bactericidal effects. These findings suggested that the RSC extract rich in phenolic compounds could serve as an antimicrobial agent and hold promise as a natural preservative for perishable foods, especially seafoods.
Optimization of Ferimzone and Tricyclazole Analysis in Rice Straw Using QuEChERS Method and Its Application in UAV-Sprayed Residue Study
Authors: Kim So-Hee , Baek Jae-Woon , Eun Hye-Ran , Lee Ye-Jin , Kim Su-Min , Jeong Mun-Ju , Lee Yoon-Hee , Noh Hyun Ho , Shin Yongho
Published: November 2024

Rice straw is used as livestock feed and compost. Ferimzone and tricyclazole, common fungicides for rice blast control, can be found in high concentrations in rice straw after unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) spraying, potentially affecting livestock and human health through pesticide residues. In this study, an optimized method for the analysis of the two fungicides in rice straw was developed using the improved QuEChERS method. After the optimization of water and solvent volume, extraction conditions including ethyl acetate (EtOAc), acetonitrile (MeCN), a mixed solvent, and MeCN containing 1% acetic acid were compared. Different salts, including unbuffered sodium chloride, citrate, and acetate buffer salts, were compared for partitioning. Among the preparation methods, the MeCN/EtOAc mixture with unbuffered salts showed the highest recovery rates (88.1–97.9%, RSD ≤ 5.1%). To address the severe matrix effect (%ME) of rice straw, which is characterized by low moisture content and cellulose-based complex matrices, samples were purified using 25 mg each of primary–secondary amine (PSA) and octadecylsilane (C18), without pesticide loss. The developed method was validated with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.005 mg/kg for target pesticides, and recovery rates at levels of 0.01, 0.1, and 2 mg/kg met the permissible range (82.3–98.9%, RSD ≤ 8.3%). The %ME ranged from −17.6% to −0.3%, indicating a negligible effect. This optimized method was subsequently applied to residue studies following multi-rotor spraying. Fungicides from all fields and treatment groups during harvest season did not exceed the maximum residue limits (MRLs) for livestock feed. This confirms that UAV spraying can be safely managed without causing excessive residues.
Nutrition, Flavor, and Microbial Communities of Two Traditional Bacterial Douchi from Gansu, China
Authors: Qiao Haijun , Li Yaping , Cui Fengyun , Zhang Weibing , Zhang Zhongming , Li Huifeng
Published: November 2024

Douchi has attracted attention for its unique taste and rich health functions. This study investigated the nutrition, flavor and correlation between the flavor and microorganisms of two traditional bacterial douchi from the province of Gansu in northwest China. The findings reveal significant variations in nutrition, flavor compounds, and the microbiota between Longnan and Qingyang douchi. Three dominant bacterial genera (Carnobacterium, Ignatzschineria, and Bacillus) and one dominant bacterial genus (Pichia) were found in the QY douchi, while four bacterial genera (Bacillus, Ignatzschineria, Proteus, and Providencia) and three fungal genera (Pichia, Candida, and Rhodosporidium) were dominant in samples of the LN douchi. For flavor substances, a total of 48 volatile components were detected in Longnan douchi and 41 in Qingyang douchi. Using the relative odor activity value (ROAV), we identified five key flavor compounds in Longnan douchi and four key flavor compounds in Qingyang douchi. The correlation analysis showed that there were certain positive or negative correlations between the key microorganisms and the flavor of the two traditional bacterial douchi. The results of this study can serve as a theoretical reference for improving the quality and flavor of traditional douchi.
Antioxidative and Cytoprotective Effects of Rosa Roxburghii and Metabolite Changes in Oxidative Stress-Induced HepG2 Cells Following Rosa Roxburghii Intervention
Authors: Mao Yangchen , Sha Ruyi , Sun Yuhao , Wang Zhenzhen , Huang Jun
Published: November 2024

Rosa Roxburghii (RR), a traditional Chinese medicinal fruit, is rich in bioactive substances that make it a potential natural antioxidant resource. This research aimed to study the antioxidant properties of RR by in vitro experiments and through intracellular assessment in H2O2-induced HepG2 cells. A non-targeted metabolic analysis was conducted to indicate changes in intracellular and extracellular metabolites. Differential metabolites and metabolic pathways were explored using PCA, PLS-DA, and KEGG pathway analysis. The results showed that RR rich in bioactive substances exhibited a significant antioxidative property in vitro and intracellularly. This property may be achieved by scavenging free radicals, increasing the activity of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the levels of bicinchoninic acid (BCA) while reducing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. This study identified 13 differential metabolites intracellularly and 7 extracellularly, among which the key differential metabolites included D-glucopyranose, D-mannose, fructose, citric acid, malic acid, cholesterol, and cholestenone. These key metabolites primarily regulated glucose-related metabolism, the citrate cycle, and the primary bile acid biosynthesis pathway in H2O2-induced HepG2 cells. These findings provide potential application evidence of RR in the development of natural resources for functional foods.
Analysis of Different Strains Fermented Douchi by GC×GC-TOFMS and UPLC–Q-TOFMS Omics Analysis
Authors: Sui Liqiang , Wang Sugui , Wang Xin , Su Lingling , Xu Huilong , Xu Wei , Chen Lixia , Li Hua
Published: November 2024

Douchi is a kind of soybean-fermented food in China. To explore the common and differential compounds in different Douchi, Douchi was fermented by Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus arrhizus, and Bacillus circulans, respectively, and co-fermented by the three strains in this study. The common and characteristic flavor compounds and common and characteristic non-volatile components of different strains of fermented Douchi were explored through GC×GC-TOFMS and UPLC–Q-TOFMS omics analysis. The result suggested that Pyrazines, ketones, and alkenes such as tetramethyl-pyrazine, 2,5-dimethyl pyrazine, furaneol, 2,3-butanedione, gamma-terpinene might contribute to the basic flavor of the Douchi fermented by A. niger, R. arrhizus, and B. circulans. Peptides, amines, and flavonoids, such as N–acetylhistamine, 7,3′,4′–trihydroxyflavone, (3S,8As)-3-isobutylhexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione might contribute to the basic function of the above three Douchi. The common metabolic pathways involved in the fermentation were isoflavonoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, etc. Ketones and esters such as 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one, 3-octanone, 5-methylfurfural and nonanal contributed to the unique flavor, while betaine, oleanolic acid, saikosaponin D and leucine might contribute to the unique function of A. niger fermented Douchi. Alkenes, pyrazine, and ketones such as α-terpinene, ethyl-pyrazine, dihydro-3-methyl-2(3H)-furanone, and linalool might contribute to unique flavor, while cordycepin, 2-Phenylacetamide might contributed to the unique function of R. arrhizus fermented Douchi. The unique flavor of B. circulans fermented Douchi might derived from ketones and esters such as 3-acetyl-2-butanone, 2-tridecanone, propionic acid-2-phenylethyl ester, while vitexin, astragalin, and phenethylamine might contribute to the unique function. Compared with single-strain fermented Douchi, the flavor substances and non-volatile components in multi-strain fermented Douchi were more abundant, such as hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, benzeneacetic acid ethyl ester, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid ethyl ester, nuciferine, and erucamide. It was speculated that there were common and differential substances in Douchi fermented by Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus arrhizus, and Bacillus circulans, which might contribute to the basic and unique flavor and function. Compared with single-strain fermented Douchi, the flavor substances and metabolites in multi-strain fermented Douchi were more abundant. This study provided a reference for the research of flavor and functional substances of Douchi.
Diversity Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of 101 Soybean (Glycine max L.) Germplasms Based on Sprout Quality Characteristics
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Wu Gufeng , Wu Yuhe , Tang Ning , Huang Lu , Dai Dongqing , Yuan Xingxing , Xue Chenchen , Chen Xin
Published: November 2024

Soybean sprouts are a common culinary vegetable due to their high nutrition and tasty flavors. To select soybean varieties with excellent sprout quality, 101 soybean materials were collected from different regions of China, and eight sprout quality parameters were determined for overall evaluation. The results showed that eight sprout quality parameters achieved varying degrees of difference and correlation. Based on the principal component analysis (PCA), three principal components were extracted, with a cumulative contribution rate of 78.314%. Further, the comprehensive evaluation value (D) of soybean sprout quality was calculated by membership function analysis based on PCA, and the quality of soybean sprouts was ranked accordingly. Subsequently, a regression equation for the prediction of soybean sprout quality was established using a stepwise regression analysis, and the model showed a good prediction performance (correlation coefficient of prediction > 0.8; residual predictive deviation > 2.0). On these grounds, it was proposed that the quality of soybean sprouts could be comprehensively predicted by four parameters: hypocotyl length, edible rate, 100-seed weight, and total isoflavone content and saponin content. In conclusion, this study provides excellent varieties for soybean sprout production and new variety breeding, and it provides an important reference for the prediction of soybean sprout quality.
Identification of Bacterial Pathogens in Organic Food of Animal Origin in Poland
Authors: Sosnowski Maciej , Wieczorek Kinga , Osek Jacek
Published: November 2024

The consumption of organic food has increased in recent years. In organic rearing animals are exposed to outdoor conditions, which may increase their risk of infection from various pathogens. In the present study the occurrence of the most significant foodborne pathogenic bacteria in organic meat and ready-to-eat organic meat products was assessed. Out of 100 raw organic meat samples tested, 72 were contaminated with bacterial pathogens. The highest percentage of contaminated samples was observed in poultry meat (92.5%) followed by pork meat (66.7%). Furthermore, 50.0% of beef origin samples were positive for the bacteria tested. L. monocytogenes was found in 39.0% of samples, S. aureus was identified in 37.0%, Campylobacter in 20.0%, Salmonella in 8.0% and Shigatoxin-producing E. coli in 4.0% of raw meat samples. In 31.0% of samples a co-occurrence of two (83.9%) or three (16.1%) pathogens was observed. Among 100 samples of organic meat products tested, only L. monocytogenes was found in 5.0% of samples. The result of the present study indicated that organic food may be a source of harmful microorganisms that may pose foodborne infections to consumers.
Gel Cleaning in Heritage: Comparison of the Water Release among Gels and Traditional Pads
Authors: Sansonetti Antonio , Riminesi Cristiano , Mironiouk Sónia , Proietti Noemi , Di Tullio Valeria , Nisticò Roberto , Sacchi Barbara , Canevali Carmen
Published: November 2024

Water release is a crucial aspect when considering cleaning effects on water-sensitive materials. In conservation practice, a water-based cleaning method which limits water release is very often needed. Unfortunately, this is not accompanied by an appropriate measure of the effectively released water. In this paper, water release has been measured by comparing traditional cleaning formulations, such as paper pulp and sepiolite, with several gar gel formulations, used by both Italian and European conservators. The assessment has been carried out by the gravimetric method, using three different stone material specimens as reference: Noto calcarenite, Manciano sandstone and Black Bergamo limestone, whose porosity values and distributions are known. Moreover, water distribution has been evaluated by portable NMR tests. Different commercial agar gel products (Bresciani, CTS, Sigma), having different concentrations (3, 4, and 5%), application modes (rigid at room T or fluid warm gels, with and without inserting Japanese tissue paper), and geometry (horizontal in gravity force direction or vertical), have been compared to obtain a full scenario among different water release mechanisms present in real conservation works. The paper faces the important issue of preparing reproducible chemical or water pads as well, useful for further research aimed at comparing cleaning effects in heritage conservation. The most interesting quantitative results can be summarized as follows. The water release measured from paper pulp and sepiolite was found to be 2 to 4 times higher than from any tested agar gel. Water release decreases by increasing agar concentration; an increase in the agar concentration by 1% induces a decrease in water release in the range 16.98–66.88 g depending on the stone; the increase from 4% to 5% is more obvious with respect to that from 3% to 4%. It is possible to assess the effect of the presence of Japanese paper, which is able to reduce the water release from 18 to 76%, depending on the stone and on the agar used. The gravimetric results were also used in the preliminary calibration tests of a contact probe named System Unit Salinity Index (SUSI), recently patented and useful in providing humidity and salinity indexes in a given porous material.
Conductive Biocomposite Made by Two-Photon Polymerization of Hydrogels Based on BSA and Carbon Nanotubes with Eosin-Y
Authors: Savelyev Mikhail S. , Kuksin Artem V. , Murashko Denis T. , Otsupko Ekaterina P. , Kurilova Ulyana E. , Selishchev Sergey V. , Gerasimenko Alexander Yu.
Published: November 2024

Currently, tissue engineering technologies are promising for the restoration of damaged organs and tissues. For regeneration of electrically conductive tissues or neural interfaces, it is necessary to provide electrical conductivity for the transmission of electrophysiological signals. The developed biocomposite structures presented in this article possess such properties. Their composition includes bovine serum albumin (BSA), gelatin, eosin-Y and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). For the first time, a biocomposite structure was formed from the proposed hydrogel using a nanosecond laser, and a two-photon absorption cross section value of 580 GM was achieved. Increased viscosity over 3 mPa∙s and self-focusing with a nonlinear refractive index of 42 × 10−12 cm2/W make it possible to create a biocomposite structure over the entire specified area. The obtained electrical conductivity value was 19 mS∙cm−1, due to the formation of effective electrically conductive networks. For a biocomposite with a concentration of gelatin 3 wt. %, formed by low-energy near-IR pulses, the survival of Neuro 2A nerve tissue cells was confirmed. The obtained results are important for the creation of new tissue engineering structures and neural interfaces from a biopolymer hydrogel based on the organic dye eosin-Y and carbon nanotubes by two-photon polymerization.
Creating Agoras in Buenos Aires: Time, Ritual, and Sociability Among a Spanish Ethnic Group
Authors: Lagunas David , Lara Aline
Published: November 2024

The aim of this article is to provide an ethnographic investigation on how community consciousness is forged through daily rituals of encounter and sociability among the Calós of Buenos Aires. The research method used was ethnography based on participant observation. The daily encounters and the intensive frequency of repetition are posed as ritual actions that create agoras in public and semi-public spaces of the neighbourhood. The logic of socialisation expresses the very life of the Calós and their capacity to transform spaces into places. Social rituals and the use of time and tempo are tentatively addressed, as well as the relevance of gift exchange and reciprocity.
Tracing ALS Degeneration: Insights from Spinal Cord and Cortex Transcriptomes
Authors: Sneha Nela Pragathi , Dharshini S. Akila Parvathy , Taguchi Y.-h. , Gromiha M. Michael
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of upper and lower motor neurons. Key factors contributing to neuronal death include mitochondrial energy damage, oxidative stress, and excitotoxicity. The frontal cortex is crucial for action initiation, planning, and voluntary movements whereas the spinal cord facilitates communication with the brain, walking, and reflexes. By investigating transcriptome data from the frontal cortex and spinal cord, we aim to elucidate common pathological mechanisms and pathways involved in ALS for understanding the disease progression and identifying potential therapeutic targets. Methods: In this study, we quantified gene and transcript expression patterns, predicted variants, and assessed their functional effects using computational tools. It also includes predicting variant-associated regulatory effects, constructing functional interaction networks, and performing a gene enrichment analysis. Results: We found novel genes for the upregulation of immune response, and the downregulation of metabolic-related and defective degradation processes in both the spinal cord and frontal cortex. Additionally, we observed the dysregulation of histone regulation and blood pressure-related genes specifically in the frontal cortex. Conclusions: These results highlight the distinct and shared molecular disruptions in ALS, emphasizing the critical roles of immune response and metabolic dysfunction in neuronal degeneration. Targeting these pathways may provide new therapeutic avenues to combat neurodegeneration and preserve neuronal health.
Fairness, Trust, and Well-Being Among Young Adults: Evidence from 2021 Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS)
Authors: Wu Liyun , Wang Gang
Published: November 2024

Background. As China has undergone tremendous socioeconomic and demographic changes during and after the pandemic, it is crucial to enhance youth well-being and facilitate their transition into the workforce. This study aims to explore the multi-dimensional features of well-being and examine their relationships with fairness and trust. Methods. Using the nationally representative data from the 2021 Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS), this study analyzes the well-being of 1726 young adults aged 18 to 34 years old living in 19 provinces in China. Results. The research findings generate five latent factors of well-being and reveal the multi-faceted nature of subjective well-being, including physical and mental health challenges, positive outlook, sense of purpose, personal growth, and self-fulfillment. Physical and mental health is the cornerstone for well-being and happiness. Young people with poor physical and mental health conditions are less likely to perceive that society is fair or that people are trustworthy. Additionally, a positive outlook and future orientation are strongly associated with high fairness and/or trust. Discussion and Conclusions. By investigating the differential domains of well-being, this study contributes to the literature with the new conceptualization of well-being sub-measures and their application to youth. Furthermore, this study identifies that well-being is not only an individual-level characteristic but also a group-level attribute that can contribute to fairness and trust at the societal level. As China continues to expand its infrastructure on education, health, and technology, it is expected that sustainable economic growth and development should boost young people’s career development and promote their upward mobility.
Volunteering and Its Association with Depression, Loneliness, and Lifestyle of Older Adults: Insights from a Japanese Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mayers Thomas , Eto Sachie , Maki Naoki , Araki Akihiro , Matsuda Hitomi
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Volunteering has been widely recognized as beneficial to the well-being of older adults, providing health benefits, increased social engagement, and a sense of purpose. This study aimed to explore the associations between volunteering and physical and mental health measures among older adults in Japan. Methods: Using an online survey conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, 500 participants aged 65 and older were divided into volunteer and non-volunteer groups. Demographic, lifestyle, and health characteristics were comprehensively assessed using a series of reliable and validated instruments. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the associations between volunteering and health outcomes. Results: The findings revealed that while there were no significant differences in physical health indicators and undertreatment of most diseases (with the exception of cataracts), volunteers reported significantly lower levels of depression and loneliness compared to non-volunteers. The volunteer group also showed greater engagement in social activities and hobbies, which may have contributed to their improved mental health outcomes. Conclusions: The results of this study add to the growing body of evidence suggesting that volunteering may be an effective, low-cost intervention for promoting mental health and social engagement among older adults.
Mental Health Status of Patients Recovered from COVID-19 in Macau: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Man Ting-Fai , Zhu Jing-Yu , Song Xi-Nan , Bian Ying
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a global health crisis, impacting physical, and mental well-being, particularly among those who have recovered from the illness. This study aimed to assess the mental health status of patients recovered from COVID-19 in Macau, focusing on the impact of sequelae of COVID-19, and identifying demographic factors associated with poor mental health. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted involving 494 adults who had recovered from COVID-19, with 426 participants included in the final analysis. Mental health was evaluated using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), with scores ≥3 indicating poor mental health. Results: This study revealed a high prevalence of poor mental health, affecting 71.8% of the respondents. Binary logistic regression identified experiencing COVID-19 sequelae (OR = 5.727, 95% CI: 2.973–11.031), being in the age groups of 26–45 (OR = 4.227, 95% CI: 1.754–10.185), or 61, and above (OR = 18.072, 95% CI: 3.590–90.962), being male (OR = 0.501, 95% CI: 0.257–0.979), being married (OR = 5.714, 95% CI: 1.919–17.016), and dissatisfaction with family relationships (OR = 2.957, 95% CI: 1.228–7.119) as significant risk factors for poor mental health. Conclusions: This study underscores the critical need for targeted psychological support for patients recovered from COVID-19 in Macau, particularly for those with sequelae, and those in vulnerable demographic groups. The findings suggest that specific age groups and individuals with sequelae may face higher mental health risks, indicating the necessity for prioritized interventions.
Evaluation of Periodontitis and Fusobacterium nucleatum Among Colorectal Cancer Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Antonacci Anna , Bizzoca Cinzia , Barile Giuseppe , Andriola Valeria , Vincenti Leonardo , Bartolomeo Nicola , Abbinante Antonia , Orrù Germano , Corsalini Massimo
Published: November 2024

Background: Periodontitis has been associated with an increased risk of CRC, as well as a worse prognosis due to increased inflammation mediators and carcinogenic factors. Moreover, direct and indirect virulence factors from periodontal pathogens, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, could play a pivotal role in malignant transformation and progression. This cross-sectional study aims to evaluate the presence and the stage of periodontitis in a cohort of patients with CRC. The secondary aim is to assess the presence of F. nucleatum and its relationship with patients’ general characteristics, concomitant pathologies, tumor characteristics, and drug therapy. Materials and Methods: Patients affected by CRC underwent dental examination and periodontal charting with the “North Carolina” probe to assess the presence and stage of periodontitis, according to the new classification of periodontal diseases of the World Workshop of the European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) and the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) 2017. F. nucleatum presence was assessed by a dorsal tongue swab and related to the patient’s general characteristics, concomitant pathologies, tumor characteristics, and drug therapy. Results: Periodontal disease was found in 94.3% of I/II CRC stage patients and 100% of III/IV CRC stage patients. Severe periodontitis was found in 76% of the advanced CRC stage and 87.9% of patients with initial CRC, while initial periodontitis was found in 12.1% of initial CRC and 24% of late CRC stages, respectively, without significant differences. F. nucleatum presence showed no correlation between the patient’s and tumor’s characteristics, comorbidities, and drug assumed. Conclusions: Periodontal disease showed a high prevalence among CRC patients. Moreover, severe periodontitis has a higher prevalence in CRC patients compared to initial periodontitis. F. nucleatum presence was unrelated to CRC stage, site, other comorbidities, and drug therapies. With these data, it is not possible to admit a direct relationship between CRC and periodontal disease, but further case–control studies must be carried out to further prove this aspect. Preventive and operative targeted strategies to maintain a healthy oral status are suggested in CRC patients.
Prevalence of Alexithymia and Associated Factors Among Dental Students in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Hamdan Hebah M. , Alislimah Ghaida , Alshalawi Hessa , Alharbi Khawlah , Alsaif Mohammed I. , Sulimany Ayman M.
Published: November 2024

Background: Mental health challenges among university students are pervasive, with alexithymia posing a particularly significant yet understudied challenge. This condition significantly affects an individual’s ability to cope with stress due to difficulties in recognizing, describing, and processing emotions. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate alexithymia prevalence and its associated factors among dental undergraduate students and interns enrolled at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: Data were collected through a self-administered online survey that assessed alexithymia symptoms (using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale [TAS-20]), sociodemographic profiles, lifestyle-related factors, and health-related factors. The associations between participant factors and alexithymia were assessed using chi-square and multiple logistic regression analyses. Results: Of the 421 eligible participants, 369 completed the survey (87.6% response rate), revealing a significant prevalence of alexithymia (37.9%). Female gender (AOR = 1.7, p = 0.04), depression (AOR = 5.6, p < 0.0001), chronic diseases (AOR = 3.5, p = 0.003), and childhood abuse (AOR = 2.2, p = 0.047) were independent factors significantly associated with alexithymia. Conclusions: These findings highlight the pressing need for mental health support within dental education. Early interventions targeting alexithymia could mitigate its adverse consequences, promoting better student well-being and academic success.
Changes in Technology Acceptance of Smart Care Beds Among Long-Term Care Workers in Korea
Authors: Kim Young-Sun , Shin Hyeri , Lee Minah , Kim Nam-Hwa , Kim Eui-Hyun , Jung Dukyoung , Choi Minra , Choi Kyeong-Hee
Published: November 2024

Objectives: This study investigates the changing perceptions of Korean care workers regarding a robotic bed designed to assist with repositioning and prevent pressure ulcers. With the primary aim of assessing the technology acceptance among care workers using the robotic bed to solve the problem of a shortage of care workers in Korea, we sought to examine the possibility of applying care robots in the field. Methods: A total of 20 long-term care workers participated in the experiment, and their attitudes were measured before and after using the robot. Frequency analysis and paired t-tests were conducted using Stata 17 to analyze the data. Results: The results show significant changes in the perceived ease of use (PEOU), facilitating conditions (FCs), and gerontology anxiety (GA), with the PEOU increasing by 19.87%, FC increasing by 20.63%, and GA decreasing by 17.2%. However, there was no significant change in the perceived usefulness (PU) and intention to use (IU). Conclusions: The results showing that the perception of technology acceptance changed significantly mean that the use of the care robot means that there is a high possibility of positive perceptions in Korean care settings when care robots are distributed in the field in the future, considering that the experimental environment was limited due to the early stage of development of care robots. This study highlights the need for practical demonstrations and thorough training to improve technology acceptance among care workers before the application of care technology in the long-term care environment in South Korea.
Treating Cognition in Schizophrenia: A Whole Lifespan Perspective
Authors: Penadés Rafael , Forte Maria Florencia , Mezquida Gisela , Andrés Claudia , Catalán Rosa , Segura Bàrbara
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Cognitive impairment is a core feature of schizophrenia, affecting attention, memory, and executive function and contributing significantly to the burden of the disorder. These deficits often begin before the onset of psychotic symptoms and persist throughout life, making their treatment essential for improving outcomes and functionality. This work aims to explore the impact of these impairments at different life stages and the interventions that have been developed to mitigate their effects. Methods: This narrative review examined literature searching for different approaches to treat cognitive impairments in schizophrenia across the lifespan. Results: Cognitive alterations appear before psychosis onset, suggesting a window for primary prevention. Then, a period of relative stability with a slight decline gives the period to secondary and eventually tertiary prevention for more than two decades. Finally, another window for tertiary prevention occurs from the third decade of illness until the later stages of the illness, when a progression in cognitive decline could be accelerated in some cases. Cognitive remediation and physical exercise are evidence-based interventions that should be provided to all patients with disabilities. Conclusions: Treating cognition throughout the whole lifespan is crucial for improving functional outcomes. It is necessary to consider the need for personalized, stage-specific strategies to enhance cognitive function and functioning in patients.
Relationship Between Swallowing Function and Low Serum Albumin Levels in Older Japanese People Aged ≥ 75 Years
Authors: Iwai Komei , Azuma Tetsuji , Yonenaga Takatoshi , Sasai Yasuyuki , Komatsu Yoshinari , Tabata Koichiro , Nomura Taketsugu , Sugiura Iwane , Inagawa Yujo , Matsumoto Yusuke , Nakashima Seiji , Abe Yoshikazu , Tomofuji Takaaki
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between swallowing function and low serum albumin levels in older Japanese people (aged ≥ 75 years). Methods: A total of 3258 participants (1325 males, 1933 females; mean age, 80.8 years) who had a dental checkup in Gifu City, Japan, between April 2020 and March 2021 were recruited. Swallowing function was assessed using the repetitive saliva swallow test, with poor swallowing function defined as swallowing fewer than three times in 30 s. A serum albumin level < 3.6 G/dL was considered low. Results: In total, 78 participants (2%) had a low serum albumin level. Furthermore, after adjusting for age, gender, circulatory disease, support/care-need certification, number of present teeth, and tongue and lip function, a low serum albumin level was positively associated with older (odds ratio [OR]: 1.115; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.064–1.169), male (OR: 2.208; 95% CI: 1.360–3.584), circulatory disease (OR: 1.829; 95% CI: 1.079–3.099), support/care-need certification (OR: 2.087; 95% CI: 1.208–3.606), and poor swallowing function (OR: 2.379; CI: 1.377–4.112). Conclusions: These results indicate that poor swallowing function was associated with a low serum albumin level in older Japanese people aged ≥ 75 years.
Determinants of Doctor–Patient Communication in Terms of Patient Rights During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Jaroń Kamila , Grajek Mateusz , Kobza Joanna
Published: November 2024

Background. Today, the public does not want to be just a passive consumer of health services. Patients often expect to be informed and involved in decisions about their health. With better doctor–patient communication, patients are more likely to follow treatment recommendations. Material and methods. The study was conducted using a face-to-face survey method on a group of 203 adult, independent patients from 2021 to 2022 at a medical facility, i.e., a rehabilitation clinic. Objective. The purpose of this study was to assess the determinants of doctor–patient communication in terms of patient rights. One of patients’ rights is the right to information about their health condition and treatment methods and the right to ask questions when the doctor does not provide details about the treatment or diagnosis or when it is not understandable. Doctors providing information to the patient and the opportunity for the patient to ask questions are key elements in the process of making informed decisions regarding further medical treatment. Therefore, patients were divided into two groups: active (+) and passive in communication (−) with doctors. Results. Patients who were active in communication (33%) wanted to ask questions or had the opportunity to ask the doctor questions, and thus, they were able to take an active part in the discussion with the doctor. In contrast, patients who were passive in communication (67%) did not want to ask questions or did not have the opportunity to ask the doctor questions, and therefore, their active participation in the discussion and thus their right to ask questions may have been limited. The authors’ survey shows that respondents with active communication were significantly more likely than patients with passive communication (almost 100% vs. 86%) to obtain information about their condition (p = 0.002), diagnostic methods (p = 0.003), therapeutic methods (p = 0.00007), treatment results, and prognosis (p = 0.0008). Moreover, almost all respondents with active communication as opposed to respondents with passive communication (95% vs. 52%) rated communication with doctors highest (on a scale from 0 to 5), including credible and professional approach to patients (p < 0.0001), providing information in clear and simple language (p < 0.0001), answering questions asked by patients (p < 0.0001), openness and kindness (p < 0.0001), maintaining professional confidentiality (p < 0.0001), or emotional support (p < 0.0001). Conclusions. Hence, the primary key element of the medical consultation is appropriate amount and content of information given to the patient, providing explanations and answering questions. Also importantly, according to the results, active communication between patients and doctors was significantly influenced by female gender, higher education, and a positive evaluation of communication with doctors.