bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
APPLICATION OF CAI METHOD IN TAJWID SCIENCE LEARNING MEDIA APPLICATIONS MULTIMEDIA BASED
Authors: Parini Parini
Published: April 2022

Abstract: one component important in the learning process is the medium. The position of learning media right now is not only just a tool to help to teach but also is a method for motivating and communicating with students more effective. The science of recitation is one part of the branch of Qur’an science that is very important for every Muslim to learn. A teacher tries to develop and advance education, especially at MIS Al-Mahdy. Efficient and students are less active due to the provision of material that is still watching causes students be passive; therefore, to avoid this, the teaching and learning process applies the CAI method. CAI ( Computer Assisted Instruction ) is a learning media through a computer system built as a complement and support learning techniques that can be packaged in an attractive and interactive multimedia form to increase student interest in learning. Therefore, the learning media with the CAI method can be a learning resource that can help achieve the goals of learning Islamic religious education and can also increase students' learning motivation in the teaching and learning process of Islamic religious education, especially the science of recitation. Keywords: Application; Computer Assisted Instruction; Instructional Media; Tajwid  Abstrak :Salah satu komponen penting dalam proses belajar adalah media. Kedudukan media pembelajaran saat ini tidak hanya sekedar alat bantu untuk mengajar, tetapi juga merupakan cara untuk memotivasi dan berkomunikasi dengan pelajar agar lebih efektif. Ilmu tajwid merupakan salah satu bagian dari cabang ilmu alquran yang amat penting untuk dipelajari setiap muslim, untuk itu seorang guru berusaha mengembangkan dan memaj ukan pendidikan khususnya di MIS Al-mahdy permasalahan yang dihadapi khususnya dalam pengajaran quran hadist menganai ilmu tajwid seorang guru tersebut dalam melaksanakan pengajaran kurang efisien dan siswa kurang aktif disebabkan pemberian materi yang masih menonton menyebabkan siswa/i pasif maka dari itu untuk menghindari hal tersebut proses belajar mengajar menerapkan metode CAI. CAI (Computer Assisted Instruction)  merupakan media pembelajaran melalui sistem komputer yang dibangun sebagai pelengkap dan pendukung dalam metode pembelajaran yang dapat dikemas dalam bentuk multimedia yang menarik dan interaktif sehingga dapat meningkatkan minat siswa untuk belajar. Oleh karena itu media pembelajaran dengan metode CAI dapat dikatakan sebagai sumber belajar yang dapat membantu mencapai tujuan dari pembelajaran pendidikan agama islam dan juga dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa dalam proses belajar mengajar pendidikan agama islam khususnya ilmu tajwid. Keywords: Aplikasi; Computer Assisted Instruction; Ilmu Tajwid; Media Pembelajaran;
Long-Term Outcomes of Stenting on Non-Acute Phase Extracranial Supra-Aortic Dissections
Authors: Jiang Yeqing , Di Ruoyu , Lu Gang , Huang Lei , Wan Hailin , Ge Liang , Zhang Xiaolong
Published: April 2022

Objective : Extracranial supra-aortic dissections (ESADs) with severe stenosis, occlusion and/or pseudoaneurysm presents potential risk of stroke. Endovascular stenting to reconstruct non acute phase ESADs (NAP-ESADs) is an alternative to anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy. However, its feasibility, safety and efficacy of stenting in NAP-ESADs is unclear. This study aims to investigate the long-term outcomes of the feasibility, safety and efficacy of stenting in NAP-ESADs.Methods : Seventy-four patients with 91 NAP-ESAD vessels with severe stenosis, occlusion and/or pseudoaneurysm presents potential risk of stroke who underwent stent remodeling were enrolled into this respective study from December 2008 to March 2020. Technical success rate, complications, clinical and angiographic results were harvested and analyzed.Results : Success rate of stent deployment was 99% (90/91) with no procedural mortality or morbidity. Transient ischemic attack occurred in three patients during operation (4.1%, 3/74). Asymptomatic embolisms of distal intracranial vessels were found in two patients (2.7%, 2/74). One hundred and forty-two stents deployed at 85 carotid (135 stents) and six vertebral (seven stents) vessels. Six stent types (Wingspan, 28/135, 20.7%; Solitaire, 10/135, 7.4%; Neuroform, 8/135, 5.9%; LVIS, 2/135, 1.5%; Precise, 75/135, 55.6%; Acculink, 12/135, 8.9%) were deployed at carotid arterial dissection while two types (Wingspan, 5/7, 71.4%; Solitaire 2/7, 28.6%) at vertebral arterial dissection. Digital subtracted angiography (56%, 51/91), computational tomography angiography (41.8%, 38/91) and high resolution magnetic resonance imaging (2.2%, 2/91) were adopted for follow up, with a mean time of 17.2±15.4 months (5–77). All patient modified Rankin Scale scores showed no increase at discharge or follow-up. Angiographically, dissections in 86 vessels in 69 patients (94.5%, 86/91) were completely reconstructed with only minor remnant dissections in four vessels in four patients (4.4%, 4/91). Severe re-stenosis in the stented segment required re-stenting in one patient (1.1%, 1/91).Conclusion : Stent remodeling technique provides feasible, safe and efficacious treatment of ESADs patients with severe stenosis, occlusion and/or pseudoaneurysm.
Pediatric Spine Trauma
Authors: An Sungjae , Hyun Seung-Jae
Published: April 2022

Pediatric spine has growth potential with incomplete ossification, and also unique biomechanics which have important implications for trauma patients. This article intends to review various aspects of pediatric spine trauma including epidemiology, anatomy and biomechanics, and clinically relevant details of each type of injury based on the location and mechanism of injury. With the appropriate but not superfluous treatment, pediatric spine trauma patients can have better chance of recovery. Therefore, as a spine surgeon, understanding the general concept for each injury subtype together with the debate and progress in the field is inevitable.
Larval fish in a warming ocean: a bioenergetic study of temperature-dependent growth and assimilation efficiency
Authors: Shelley CE , Johnson DW
Published: April 2022

Rising temperatures have important consequences for somatic growth, but observed relationships between temperature and growth can vary in both magnitude and direction. The key to understanding such variation is knowing how temperature affects both the amount of energy available for growth and the efficiency with which surplus energy is assimilated into the body. We tested the hypothesis that patterns of temperature-dependent growth are driven by differential sensitivities of energy intake and expenditure to temperature. Larvae of California grunion Leuresthes tenuis were reared across a range of temperatures and 2 levels of food availability. Energy intake was measured from feeding rate, and energy expenditure was evaluated by measuring respiration and excretion rates. When food was abundant, both intake and expenditure increased with temperature, but intake increased more rapidly. These results suggest that high temperatures should lead to faster growth, and these predictions were confirmed by a separate experiment. In contrast, when food was restricted, the increase in energetic demand with temperature outpaced energy intake, suggesting a dwindling surplus of energy at high temperatures. This predicted reversal of the effects of temperature on growth was also confirmed experimentally. Finally, we compared patterns of energetics and growth to test the effects of temperature on food assimilation efficiency. When food was unlimited, assimilation efficiency decreased rapidly with temperature. When food was restricted, assimilation efficiency remained relatively high. Overall, our results emphasize the value of a bioenergetic perspective for illuminating why and how growth rates are likely to change in a warming ocean.
Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan dalam Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam di Kerajaan Gowa
Authors: Ridwansyah Muh , Mukhsin Mukhsin , Kamaruddin Kamaruddin , Sudika Aryandi , Anwar Muhammad
Published: April 2022

This study aims to How the Values ​​of Education in the history of Islamic culture in the Kingdom of Gowa, How the history of Gowa people in the field of socio-cultural and economic and How the peak of success of Islamic culture Gowa (research focus of repatriation movement Tuanta salamka Sheikh Yusuf). The results show. First, Islam entered and influenced the Bugis culture of Makassar, before Islam entered the kingdom of Gowa is basically seen in three forms Belief in the spirits of ancestors, Belief in gods patuntung and Belief in evil persona. Second, the Socio-Cultural System of the Gowa kingdom can be explained as follows. high status and social position. Meanwhile, the socio -economic system of the Gowa royal society, as it is known, is very worrying due to the colonization carried out by the Dutch VOC. Third, Repatriation is the process of returning a citizen who has gone to another region to return to his place of origin. Sheikh Yusuf's repatriation process is done by seeking and collecting donations that are planned as a cost from the implementation of repatriation.
Análisis del sector de trabajo doméstico de las mujeres en la Unión Europea: enfoque conceptual y limitaciones estadísticas
Authors: Alonso Nuria , Trillo David , Vicent Lucía
Published: April 2022

El trabajo plantea la caracterización y análisis del trabajo doméstico en varias economías europeas partiendo de su definición y la clarificación de los criterios de medición. Seguidamente, se realiza un análisis del trabajo doméstico en una selección de países europeos, incidiendo en las tendencias previas y posteriores a la llegada de la pandemia. Los resultados permiten concluir que los países del sur de Europa requieren un cambio regulatorio que impulse la mejora de las condiciones laborales en este sector y que, a su vez, respondan a las necesidades de cuidado de muchos hogares con dificultades económicas.
La economía social como prioridad política. Análisis de los presupuestos participativos en Ecuador
Authors: Guerrero Arrieta Katherine Geovanna , Savall Morera Teresa
Published: April 2022

En Ecuador, con la aprobación de la constitución en 2008, se ha impulsado la consecución del fin del buen vivir (Sumak Kawsay), fijando como objetivo establecer un sistema económico acorde a sus principios, incorporando entre sus prioridades el fomento de la economía social. El objetivo del trabajo es conocer si las preferencias de la ciudadanía están alineadas con las del gobierno. Para ello se recurre al análisis de los presupuestos participativos en Ecuador, como herramienta que permite conocer las preferencias de la ciudadanía. Concretamente se realizan tres estudios de caso representativos de las distintas regiones naturales de Ecuador: Quito, Guayaquil y Sucumbíos. Como principales resultados destacar que las preferencias de la ciudadanía en Ecuador coinciden en gran medida con el objetivo del gobierno de fomentar a la economía social. Sin embargo, se pueden distinguir tres modelos diferentes de presupuestos participativos, que se traducen en resultados distintos.
Sex-Dependent Synaptic Remodeling of the Somatosensory Cortex in Mice With Prenatal Methadone Exposure
Authors: Grecco Gregory G. , Huang Jui Yen , Muñoz Braulio , Doud Emma H. , Hines Caliel D. , Gao Yong , Rodriguez Brooke , Mosley Amber L. , Lu Hui-Chen , Atwood Brady K.
Published: April 2022

Rising opioid use among pregnant women has led to a growing population of neonates exposed to opioids during the prenatal period, but how opioids affect the developing brain remains to be fully understood. Animal models of prenatal opioid exposure have discovered deficits in somatosensory behavioral development that persist into adolescence suggesting opioid exposure induces long lasting neuroadaptations on somatosensory circuitry such as the primary somatosensory cortex (S1). Using a mouse model of prenatal methadone exposure (PME) that displays delays in somatosensory milestone development, we performed an un-biased multi-omics analysis and investigated synaptic functioning in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), where touch and pain sensory inputs are received in the brain, of early adolescent PME offspring. PME was associated with numerous changes in protein and phosphopeptide abundances that differed considerably between sexes in the S1. Although prominent sex effects were discovered in the multi-omics assessment, functional enrichment analyses revealed the protein and phosphopeptide differences were associated with synapse-related cellular components and synaptic signaling-related biological processes, regardless of sex. Immunohistochemical analysis identified diminished GABAergic synapses in both layer 2/3 and 4 of PME offspring. These immunohistochemical and proteomic alterations were associated with functional consequences as layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons revealed reduced amplitudes and a lengthened decay constant of inhibitory postsynaptic currents. Lastly, in addition to reduced cortical thickness of the S1, cell-type marker analysis revealed reduced microglia density in the upper layer of the S1 that was primarily driven by PME females. Taken together, our studies show the lasting changes on synaptic function and microglia in S1 cortex caused by PME in a sex-dependent manner.
Relationship Between Skin Scales and the Main Flow Field Around the Shortfin Mako Shark Isurus oxyrinchus
Authors: Zhang Chengchun , Gao Meihong , Liu Guangyuan , Zheng Yihua , Xue Chen , Shen Chun
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study was to reveal potential relationship between the main flow field around a shortfin mako shark and the surface morphology of shark skin. Firstly, a numerical simulation using the large eddy simulation (LES) method was conducted to obtain the main flow field around a smooth shark model. Then, the surface morphology characteristics of a shark (Isurus oxyrinchus) at different positions were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), which showed that the morphology, riblet size, and density of scales at different positions on the shark were significantly different. At positions where the surfaces face into the water flow direction (i.e., nose and leading edge of fins), the scales were flat and round, with a lower density, and the pressure or wall shear stress (WSS) was greater. Scales with three longitudinal riblets ending in three tips were found on the middle and trailing edges of the first dorsal fin and caudal fin, where water flow states progress from transitional to turbulent. The ranges of the ratio of riblet depth to spacing (RD/RS) in the anterior zone, middle zone and posterior zone of the shark were 0.05–0.17, 0.08–0.23, and 0.32–0.33, respectively. The riblet angle generally followed the flow direction, but it varied across different areas of the body. The turbulence intensity increased gradually across the first dorsal fin, pectoral fin, caudal fin, and the shark body overall. In summary, it was found that the microstructure riblets on the shark skin surface, generally thought to be drag reduction structures, were only located in transitional and turbulent regions at the middle and trailing edge of the shark body and fin surfaces, and there were almost no microstructural grooves in the laminar flow regions along the leading edge. These findings can provide design guidance for engineering applications of bionic riblet surfaces. Riblets placed in transitional and fully turbulent regions can be used to effectively reduce drag. The riblet direction should be consistent with the direction of flow.
The Efficacy and Outcome of a Two-Staged Operation for Irreducible Knee Dislocation: A Prospective Short-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Cui Shengyu , Yi Hong , Zhu Xinhui , Fan Jianbo , Ding Yi , Liu Wei
Published: April 2022

Background: Irreducible knee dislocation (IKD) is a very rare but serious type of knee dislocation; it can lead to soft tissue necrosis due to incarceration of the medial structures and faces great difficulty in the postoperative rehabilitation, too. IKD needs careful pre-operative planning. There is no universal agreement about the appropriate surgical strategy for IKD. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy, safety, and outcome of the two-staged operation in treatment of IKD.

Methods: IKD patients were included from June 1, 2016 to May 31, 2020. In the stage-1 surgery, acute reduction and extra-articular structure repair were performed. Following an intermediate rehabilitation, delayed cruciate ligament reconstructions were performed in stage-2. Physical examination, CT, MRI, and X-ray were performed during the pre-operative period. Knee function, joint stability, ligament laxity, knee range of motion (ROM), and alignment were accessed at follow-ups. The minimum and maximum follow-up times were 0.5 years and 1 year, respectively.

Results: In total, 17 IKD patients were included. There were three subjects (17.65%) missing at the 1 year follow-up and the average follow-up was 11.18 ± 2.53 months. After stage-1, normal alignment and superior valgus/varus stability were restored in most subjects; however, a notable anterior–posterior instability still existed in most patients. The intermediate rehabilitation processed smoothly (6.94 ± 1.20 weeks), and all patients achieved knee ROM of 0–120° finally. At 0.5 years and 1 year follow-up after stage-2, all subjects had achieved normal knee stability, ROM, and satisfying joint function. No infection or DVT was observed.

Conclusions: The two-staged operation for IKD has superior efficacy on knee stability and function, and it can facilitate the rehabilitation and achieve satisfactory short-term outcome.
Acceleration of Healing in Full-Thickness Wound by Chitosan-Binding bFGF and Antimicrobial Peptide Modification Chitosan Membrane
Authors: Hou Lin , Wang Wei , Wang Mei-Kun , Song Xue-Song
Published: April 2022

Skin wound healing is an important clinical challenge, and the main treatment points are accelerating epidermal regeneration and preventing infection. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a wound dressing that can simultaneously cure bacterial infections and accelerate wound healing. Here, we report a multifunctional composite wound dressing loaded with chitosan (CS)-binding bFGF (CSBD-bFGF) and antimicrobial peptides (P5S9K). First, CS was used as the dressing matrix material, and P5S9K was encapsulated in CS. Then, CSBD-bFGF was designed by combining recombinant DNA technology and tyrosinase treatment and modified on the dressing material surface. The results show that the binding ability of CSBD-bFGF and CS was significantly improved compared with that of commercial bFGF, and CSBD-bFGF could be controllably released from the CS dressing. More importantly, the prepared dressing material showed excellent antibacterial activity in vivo and in vitro and could effectively inhibit the growth of E. coli and S. aureus. Using NIH3T3 cells as cellular models, the results showed that the CSBD-bFGF@CS/P5S9K composite dressing was a friendly material for cell growth. After cells were seeded on the composite dressing surface, collagen-1 (COL-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) genes expression in cells were significantly upregulated. Finally, the full-thickness wound of the rat dorsal model was applied to analyse the tissue repair ability of the composite dressing. The results showed that the composite dressing containing CSBD-bFGF and P5S9K had the strongest ability to repair skin wounds. Therefore, the CSBD-bFGF@CS/P5S9K composite dressing has good antibacterial and accelerated wound healing abilities and has good application prospects in the treatment of skin wounds.
Superior Fluorescent Nanoemulsion Illuminates Hepatocellular Carcinoma for Surgical Navigation
Authors: Zhu Jing , Chu Chengchao , Li Dongsheng , Zhang Yang , Cheng Yi , Lin Huirong , Wang Xiaoyong , Liu Junxian , Pang Xin , Cheng Jingliang , Liu Gang
Published: April 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the fifth most common cancer worldwide, poses a severe threat to public health. Intraoperative fluorescence imaging provides a golden opportunity for surgeons to visualize tumor-involved margins, thereby implementing precise HCC resection with minimal damage to normal tissues. Here, a novel-acting contrast agent, which facilely bridges indocyanine green (ICG) and lipiodol using self-emulsifying nanotechnology, was developed for optical surgical navigation. Compared to clinically available ICG probe, our prepared nanoemulsion showed obviously red-shifted optical absorption and enhanced fluorescence intensity. Further benefiting from the shielding effect of lipiodol, the fluorescence stability and anti-photobleaching ability of nanoemulsion were highly improved, indicating a great capacity for long-lasting in vivo intraoperative imaging. Under the fluorescence guidance of nanoemulsion, the tumor tissues were clearly delineated with a signal-to-noise ratio above 5-fold, and then underwent a complete surgical resection from orthotopic HCC-bearing mice. Such superior fluorescence performances, ultrahigh tumor-to-liver contrast, as well as great bio-safety, warrants the great translational potential of nanoemulsion in precise HCC imaging and intraoperative navigation.
Efficient Synthesis of (R)-(+)-Perillyl Alcohol From (R)-(+)-Limonene Using Engineered Escherichia coli Whole Cell Biocatalyst
Authors: Sun Chao , Zhang Rubing , Xie Congxia
Published: April 2022

(R)-(+)-perillyl alcohol is a much valued supplemental compound with a wide range of agricultural and pharmacological characteristics. The aim of this study was to improve (R)-(+)-perillyl alcohol production using a whole-cell catalytic formula. In this study, we employed plasmids with varying copy numbers to identify an appropriate strain, strain 03. We demonstrated that low levels of alKL provided maximal biocatalyst stability. Upon determination of the optimal conditions, the (R)-(+)-perillyl alcohol yield reached 130 mg/L. For cofactor regeneration, we constructed strain 10, expressing FDH from Candida boidinii, and achieved (R)-(+)-perillyl alcohol production of 230 mg/L. As a result, 1.23 g/L (R)-(+)-perillyl alcohol was transformed in a 5 L fermenter. Our proposed method facilitates an alternative approach to the economical biosynthesis of (R)-(+)-perillyl alcohol.
Digital Twin Framework for Enabling Serial Construction
Authors: Kosse Simon , Vogt Oliver , Wolf Mario , König Markus , Gerhard Detlef
Published: April 2022

Modularized construction with precast concrete elements has many advantages, such as shorter construction times, higher quality, flexibility, and lower costs. These advantages are mainly due to its potential for prefabrication and series production. However, the production processes are still craftsmanship, and automation rarely occurs. Fundamental to the automation of production is digitization. In recent years, the manufacturing industry made significant progress through the intelligent networking of components, machines, and processes in the introduction of Industry 4.0. A key concept of Industry 4.0 is the digital twin, which represents both components and machines, thus creating a dynamic network in which the participants can communicate with each other. So far, BIM and digital twins in construction have focused mainly on the structure as a whole and do not consider feedback loops from production at the component level. This paper proposes a framework for a digital twin for the industrialized production of precast concrete elements in series production based on the asset administration shell (AAS) from the context of Industry 4.0. For this purpose, relevant production processes are identified, and their information requirements are derived. Data models and corresponding AAS for precast concrete parts will be created for the identified processes. The functionalities of the presented digital twin are demonstrated using the use case of quality control for a precast concrete wall element. The result shows how data can be exchanged with the digital twin and used for decision-making.
Pyroptosis-Related Gene Signature Predicts Prognosis and Indicates Immune Microenvironment Infiltration in Glioma
Authors: Zhang Yulian , Zhang Chuanpeng , Yang Yanbo , Wang Guohui , Wang Zai , Liu Jiang , Zhang Li , Yu Yanbing
Published: April 2022

Objective: Gliomas are the most common primary tumors in the central nervous system with a bad prognosis. Pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of regulated cell death, plays a vital role in the progression and occurrence of tumors. However, the value of pyroptosis related genes (PRGs) in glioma remains poorly understood. This study aims to construct a PRGs signature risk model and explore the correlation with clinical characteristics, prognosis, tumor microenviroment (TME), and immune checkpoints.

Methods: RNA sequencing profiles and the relevant clinical data were obtained from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the Repository of Molecular Brain Neoplasia Data (REMBRANDT), and the Genotype-Tissue Expression Project (GTEx-Brain). Then, the differentially expressed pyroptosis related genes (PRGs) were identified, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and mutiCox regression model was generated using the TCGA-train dataset. Then the expression of mRNA and protein levels of PRGs signature was detected through qPCR and human protein atlas (HPA). Further, the predictive ability of the PRGs-signature, prognostic analysis, and stratification analysis were utilized and validated using TCGA-test, CGGA, and REMBRANDT datasets. Subsequently, we constructed the nomogram by combining the PRGs signature and other key clinical features. Moreover, we used gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), GO, KEGG, the tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA), and Immunophenoscore (IPS) to determine the relationship between PRGs and TME, immune infiltration, and predict the response of immune therapy in glioma.

Results: A four-gene PRGs signature (CASP4, CASP9, GSDMC, IL1A) was identified and stratified patients into low- or high-risk group. Survival analysis, ROC curves, and stratified analysis revealed worse outcomes in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group. Correlation analysis showed that the risk score was correlated with poor disease features. Furthermore, GSEA and immune infiltrating and IPS analysis showed that the PRGs signature could potentially predict the TME, immune infiltration, and immune response in glioma.

Conclusion: The newly identified four-gene PRGs signature is effective in diagnosis and could robustly predict the prognosis of glioma, and its impact on the TME and immune cell infiltrations may provide further guidance for immunotherapy.
Low-Molecular Weight Protamine Overcomes Chondroitin Sulfate Inhibition of Neural Regeneration
Authors: Kulesskaya Natalia , Mugantseva Ekaterina , Minkeviciene Rimante , Acosta Natalia , Rouhiainen Ari , Kuja-Panula Juha , Kislin Mikhail , Piirainen Sami , Paveliev Mikhail , Rauvala Heikki
Published: April 2022

Protamine is an arginine-rich peptide that replaces histones in the DNA-protein complex during spermatogenesis. Protamine is clinically used in cardiopulmonary bypass surgery to neutralize the effects of heparin that is required during the treatment. Here we demonstrate that protamine and its 14–22 amino acid long fragments overcome the neurite outgrowth inhibition by chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) that are generally regarded as major inhibitors of regenerative neurite growth after injuries of the adult central nervous system (CNS). Since the full-length protamine was found to have toxic effects on neuronal cells we used the in vitro neurite outgrowth assay to select a protamine fragment that retains the activity to overcome the neurite outgrowth inhibition on CSPG substrate and ended up in the 14 amino acid fragment, low-molecular weight protamine (LMWP). In contrast to the full-length protamine, LMWP displays very low or no toxicity in our assays in vitro and in vivo. We therefore started studies on LMWP as a possible drug lead in treatment of CNS injuries, such as the spinal cord injury (SCI). LMWP mimicks HB-GAM (heparin-binding growth-associated molecule; pleiotrophin) in that it overcomes the CSPG inhibition on neurite outgrowth in primary CNS neurons in vitro and inhibits binding of protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) sigma, an inhibitory receptor in neurite outgrowth, to its CSPG ligand. Furthermore, the chondroitin sulfate (CS) chains of the cell matrix even enhance the LMWP-induced neurite outgrowth on CSPG substrate. In vivo studies using the hemisection and hemicontusion SCI models in mice at the cervical level C5 revealed that LMWP enhances recovery when administered through intracerebroventricular or systemic route. We suggest that LMWP is a promising drug lead to develop therapies for CNS injuries.
Evidence for a Role of the Lateral Ectoderm in Drosophila Mesoderm Invagination
Authors: Guo Hanqing , Huang Shicheng , He Bing
Published: April 2022

The folding of two-dimensional epithelial sheets into specific three-dimensional structures is a fundamental tissue construction mechanism in animal development. A common mechanism that mediates epithelial folding is apical constriction, the active shrinking of cell apices driven by actomyosin contractions. It remains unclear whether cells outside of the constriction domain also contribute to folding. During Drosophila mesoderm invagination, ventrally localized mesoderm epithelium undergoes apical constriction and subsequently folds into a furrow. While the critical role of apical constriction in ventral furrow formation has been well demonstrated, it remains unclear whether, and if so, how the laterally localized ectodermal tissue adjacent to the mesoderm contributes to furrow invagination. In this study, we combine experimental and computational approaches to test the potential function of the ectoderm in mesoderm invagination. Through laser-mediated, targeted disruption of cell formation prior to gastrulation, we found that the presence of intact lateral ectoderm is important for the effective transition between apical constriction and furrow invagination in the mesoderm. In addition, using a laser-ablation approach widely used for probing tissue tension, we found that the lateral ectodermal tissues exhibit signatures of tissue compression when ablation was performed shortly before the onset of mesoderm invagination. These observations led to the hypothesis that in-plane compression from the surrounding ectoderm facilitates mesoderm invagination by triggering buckling of the mesoderm epithelium. In support of this notion, we show that the dynamics of tissue flow during mesoderm invagination displays characteristic of elastic buckling, and this tissue dynamics can be recapitulated by combining local apical constriction and global compression in a simulated elastic monolayer. We propose that Drosophila mesoderm invagination is achieved through epithelial buckling jointly mediated by apical constriction in the mesoderm and compression from the neighboring ectoderm.
Modelling the Scaling-Up of the Nickel Electroforming Process
Authors: Andreou Eleni , Roy Sudipta
Published: April 2022

Electroforming is increasingly gaining recognition as a promising and sustainable additive manufacturing process of the “Industry 4.0” era. Numerous important laboratory-scale studies try to shed light onto the pressing question as to which are the best industry approaches to be followed towards the process’s optimisation. One of the most common laboratory-scale apparatus to gather electrochemical data is the rotating disk electrode (RDE). However, for electroforming to be successfully optimised and efficiently applied in industry, systematic scale up studies need to be conducted. Nowadays, well-informed simulations can provide a much-desired insight into the novelties and limits of the process, and therefore, scaling up modelling studies are of essence. Targeted investigations on how the size and geometry of an electroforming reactor can affect the final product could lead to process optimisation through simple modifications of the setup itself, allowing immediate time- and cost-effective adjustments within existing production lines. This means that the accuracy of results that any scaled up model provides, if compared to a successful, smaller scale version of itself, needs to be investigated. In this work a 3-D electrodeposition model of an RDE was used to conduct geometry and model sensitivity studies using a commercial software as is often done in industry. As a next step, a 3-D model of an industrial-scale electroforming reactor, which was 90 times larger in electrolyte volume compared to the RDE, was developed to compare, and identify the key model parameters during scale up. The model results were validated against experimental data collected in the laboratory for both cases to assess model validity.
Gut Microbiota: Therapeutic Targets of Ginseng Against Multiple Disorders and Ginsenoside Transformation
Authors: Chen Zhaoqiang , Zhang Zepeng , Liu Jiaqi , Qi Hongyu , Li Jing , Chen Jinjin , Huang Qingxia , Liu Qing , Mi Jia , Li Xiangyan
Published: April 2022

Panax ginseng, as the king of Chinese herb, has significant therapeutic effects on obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, fatty liver disease, colitis, diarrhea, and many other diseases. This review systematically summarized recent findings, which show that ginseng plays its role by regulating gut microbiota diversity, and gut microbiota could also regulate the transformation of ginsenosides. We conclude the characteristics of ginseng in regulating gut microbiota, as the potential targets to prevent and treat metabolic diseases, colitis, neurological diseases, cancer, and other diseases. Ginseng treatment can increase some probiotics such as Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Verrucomicrobia, Akkermansia, and reduce pathogenic bacteria such as Deferribacters, Lactobacillus, Helicobacter against various diseases. Meanwhile, Bacteroides, Eubacterium, and Bifidobacterium were found to be the key bacteria for ginsenoside transformation in vivo. Overall, ginseng can regulate gut microbiome diversity, further affect the synthesis of secondary metabolites, as well as promote the transformation of ginsenosides for improving the absorptivity of ginsenosides. This review can provide better insight into the interaction of ginseng with gut microbiota in multiple disorders and ginsenoside transformation.
Using a Climate Change Risk Perceptions Framing to Identify Gaps in Climate Services
Authors: Steynor Anna , Pasquini Lorena
Published: April 2022

Given the rise in climate services for decision-making, it is important to understand whether these services are meeting the context-specific needs of decision-makers, including identifying any gaps in current climate services. This study sets out to investigate the efficacy of current climate services provision in east Africa through the lens of climate change risk perceptions. Risk perceptions have established relationships with important aspects of the decision context and have been shown to influence the kinds of information people use in making decisions, therefore, an understanding of how elements of risk perceptions relate to climate services use can provide valuable insights for enhancing climate services. Using this premise, the relationships between determinants of climate change risk perceptions and the use of climate services information are explored through a combination of statistical survey analysis and qualitative interview analysis. The analysis revealed three main gaps in climate services in east Africa. These gaps include the lack of long-term climate change projections disseminated through National Meteorological Services (NMS), limited locally ground-truthed delivery of impact-based forecasts and the requirement for specialist capacity to use some complex climate services. Filling these gaps will require enhanced collaboration between the NMS, other providers of climate-related information (such as research institutes) and the practitioner and user communities in order to facilitate the coordinated delivery of locally ground-truthed impact-based forecasts, facilitate capacity development across the user-producer spectrum and augment the role of the NMS as conduits of climate change information.
Climate Adaptation Interventions in Coastal Areas: A Rapid Review of Social and Gender Dimensions
Authors: Prakash Anjal , McGlade Katriona , Roxy Mathew Koll , Roy Joyashree , Some Shreya , Rao Nitya
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we present the results of a rapid review of the literature on gender and coastal climate adaptation. The IPCC's 2019 Special Report on Oceans and Cryosphere (SROCC) highlighted some of the major ways in which gender inequality interacts with coastal climate change. However, the report does not consider how gender interacts with adaptation interventions. This review was driven the need to understand these dynamics in more detail as well as deepen the understanding of how coastal climate adaptation affects the attainment of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5, for gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls. Our analysis is based on a screening of over 1,000 peer-reviewed articles published between 2014 and 2020. The results were strongly populated by natural science publications leading to very low coverage of gender as a social dimension of adaptation. Of the papers reviewed, a mere 2.6% discussed gender and often only in a cursory manner. While the literature surveyed does not allow us to close the gap present in the SROCC in any meaningful way, the results do provide important new insights from the literature that does exist. Of particular note is the fact that adaptation measures may have positive and negative gender outcomes currently invisible under the SDG5 framework. We conclude that there is a need to collect gender-disaggregated data on coastal adaptation efforts and to review SDG5 targets and indicators to ensure that the gender dimensions of climate adaptation are fully captured and accounted for.
Historical Observations for Improving Reanalyses
Authors: Brönnimann Stefan
Published: April 2022

Historical reanalyses have become a widely used resource for analyzing weather and climate processes and their changes over time. In this article I explore how further historical observations could support reanalyses and lead to products that reach further back in time or have a better quality. Using an off-line Ensemble Kalman Filter I estimate improvements arising from assimilating additional observations into the ensemble of the “Twentieth Century Reanalysis” Version 3 (20CRv3). I demonstrate this for three case studies and evaluate them using independent data and a leave-one-out approach. For Europe in 1807, assimilating additional pressure data improves the skill for pressure but slightly decreases it for temperature, while assimilating temperature data, a variable that is not assimilated in 20CRv3, improves the skill for temperature but slightly decreases it for pressure. Assimilating both leads to substantially increased skill in a leave-one-out approach. For Sub-Saharan Africa in 1877/78, assimilating ship-based pressure observations as well as land station data, albeit extremely sparse, leads to a slight improvement over the entire domain. Finally, for Europe in 1926/27, assimilating upper air and total column ozone observations both lead to improvements in geopotential height and wind in the middle troposphere and in total column ozone, but with little or no effect in the lower troposphere. This is because 20CRv3 is already close to perfect over Europe in this period. The article shows how additional observations could improve historical reanalyses. A backward extension to the 1780s seems possible, but further data rescue efforts are necessary. For some applications, improved fields as generated by the offline assimilation presented in this study could be useful.
Distributed Control of Discrete-Time Linear Multi-Agent Systems With Optimal Energy Performance
Authors: Huang Guan , Zhang Zhuo , Yan Weisheng
Published: April 2022

This paper investigates the leader-based distributed optimal control problem of discrete-time linear multi-agent systems (MASs) on directed communication topologies. In particular, the communication topology under consideration consists of only one directed spanning tree. A distributed consensus control protocol depending on the information between agents and their neighbors is designed to guarantee the consensus of MASs. In addition, the optimization of energy cost performance can be obtained using the proposed protocol. Subsequently, a numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented protocol.
A Novel 3D Visualized Operative Procedure in the Single-Stage Complete Repair With Unifocalization of Pulmonary Atresia With Ventricular Septal Defect and Major Aortopulmonary Collateral Arteries
Authors: Qiu Hailong , Wen Shusheng , Ji Erchao , Chen Tianyu , Liu Xiaobing , Li Xiaohua , Teng Yun , Zhang Yong , Liufu Rong , Zhang Jiawei , Xu Xiaowei , Chen Jimei , Huang Meiping , Cen Jianzheng , Zhuang Jian
Published: April 2022

Objectives

Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (PA/VSD/MAPCAs) is a relatively rare, complex, and heterogeneous congenital heart disease. As one of the effective treatments, the midline unifocalization strategy still remains complicated and challenging due to the diverse forms of MAPCAs and pulmonary arteries. The purpose of this study is to summarize our experience of a novel three-dimensional (3D) visualized operative procedure in the single-stage complete repair with unifocalization and to clarify the benefits it may bring to us.

Methods

We described our experience of the 3D visualized operative procedure such as 3D printing, virtual reality (VR), and mixed reality (MR) technology in patients with PA/VSD/MAPCAs who underwent a single-stage complete repair with unifocalization. The data from the patients who underwent this procedure (3D group) and those who underwent the conventional procedure (conventional group) were compared.

Results

The conventional and 3D groups included 11 patients from September 2011 to December 2017 and 9 from January 2018 to March 2021, respectively. The baseline characteristics such as age, body weight, preoperative saturation, the anatomy of the pulmonary arteries and MAPCAs, the Nakata index, and TNPAI had no statistical significance. All 9 patients in the 3D group were operated only through a median sternotomy, while 8 cases (72.7%) in the conventional group needed another posterolateral thoracotomy (p = 0.001). In the 3D group, the CPB time was shorter (93.2 ± 63.8 vs. 145.1 ± 68.4 min, p = 0.099), and the median pre-CPB time per MAPCAs was significantly shorter [25.7 (14.0, 46.3) vs. 65 (41.3, 75.0) min, p = 0.031]. There was no early death in the 3D group, while there were 3 in the conventional group (0 vs. 27.3%, p = 0.218).

Conclusion

The novel 3D visualized operative procedure may help improve the performance of the single-stage complete repair with the midline unifocalization of PA/VSD/MAPCAs and help shorten the dissecting time of the MAPCAs. It may promote the routine and successful application of this strategy in more centers.
Dynamic Secondary Mitral Regurgitation: Current Evidence and Challenges for the Future
Authors: Onishi Hirokazu , Izumo Masaki , Naganuma Toru , Nakamura Sunao , Akashi Yoshihiro J.
Published: April 2022

Heart failure (HF) is a challenging situation in healthcare worldwide. Secondary mitral regurgitation (SMR) is a common condition in HF patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and tends to be increasingly associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes as the severity of SMR increases. It is worth noting that SMR can deteriorate dynamically under stress. Over the past three decades, the characteristics of dynamic SMR have been studied. Dynamic SMR contributes to the reduction in exercise capacity and adverse clinical outcomes. Current guidelines refer to the indication of transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) for significant SMR based on data from the Cardiovascular Outcomes Assessment of the MitraClip Percutaneous Therapy for Heart Failure Patients with Functional Mitral Regurgitation (COAPT) trial if symptomatic despite optimal guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), but nonpharmacological treatment for dynamic SMR remains challenging. In HFrEF patients with LV dyssynchrony and dynamic SMR, CRT can improve LV dyssynchrony and subsequently attenuate SMR at rest and during exercise. Also, a recent study suggests that TEER with GDMT and CRT is more effective in symptomatic patients with HFrEF and dynamic SMR than GDMT and CRT alone. Further studies are needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of nonpharmacological treatments for dynamic SMR. In this review, current evidence and challenges for the future of dynamic SMR are discussed.
Case Report: Invasive and Non-invasive Hemodynamic Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease: Strengths and Weaknesses
Authors: Gajanan Ganesh , Samant Saurabhi , Hovseth Chad , Chatzizisis Yiannis S.
Published: April 2022

Coronary angiography has been the gold standard for assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD) and guidance for percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Physiology–guided PCI has shown increased safety and efficacy, improved resource utilization, and better clinical outcomes in patients with stable angina and acute coronary syndromes. The three cases presented and discussed in this report illustrate the strengths and weaknesses of the available invasive and non-invasive methods for the physiological assessment of CAD. As technology evolves, invasive non-wire-based (angiography-derived FFR) and non-invasive (FFRCT) modalities for the hemodynamic assessment of CAD appear to provide reliable and user-friendly alternatives to the gold standard invasive wire-based techniques. Interventional cardiologists and cardiovascular healthcare providers should be familiar with the strengths and weaknesses of the available hemodynamic assessment modalities.
Ethical Views on Sharing Digital Data for Public Health Surveillance: Analysis of Survey Data Among Patients
Authors: Garett Renee , Young Sean D.
Published: April 2022

Digital data, including social media, wearable device data, electronic health records, and internet search data, are increasingly being integrated into public health research and policy. Because of the current issues around public distrust of science and other ethical issues in public health research, it is essential that researchers conduct ongoing studies assessing people's perceptions around and willingness to share digital data. This study aims to examine participants' social media use and comfort sharing their data with health researchers. One hundred and sixty-one participants with medical conditions were recruited through social media paid advertisements and referral from a website, and invited to complete surveys on social media use and ethical perspectives on data sharing. Eligibility criteria were adults 18 years old or older, living in the US, self-reported having been diagnosed by a physician with a medical condition, belonging to at least one social media platform, using social media at least twice a week, and owning a smartphone. Study participants were mostly female, White, and with a mean age of 36.31 years. More than one third of participants reported being very comfortable sharing electronic health data and social media data for personalized healthcare and to help others. Findings suggest that participants are very uncomfortable sharing their location and text message data with researchers, with primary concerns centered around loss of privacy, disclosing private information, and that friends, family, and others may find out that they shared text messages with researchers. We discuss the implications of this research before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, along with its potential implications for future collection of digital data for public health.