bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inter-satellite laser-ranging based on intradyne coherent
detection
Authors: Zhu Funan , Lu Shaowen , Sun Jianfeng , Zhu Ren , Hou Xia , Chen Weibiao
Published: September 2021

With the development of laser communication networking, laser-ranging technology is
becoming more and more applicable. In this paper, high-accuracy
ranging is implemented based on intradyne coherent detection at a
communication rate of 1048.576 Mbps. The ranging accuracy is affected
by clock phase calculation error and code loop track error. Parallel
clock phase difference calculation, frame head correlation, and
ranging ambiguity region handle are combined with the ranging
calibration method, realizing millimeter-level corrected distance
measurement. Dynamic range measurement above 1 m is proven to be
continuous through the ranging ambiguity region handle. In addition,
high-precision clock frequency deviation between two asynchronous
terminals can be obtained through derivation of one-way distance at
static ranging or by derivative of distance difference at
bidirectional ranging. The methods proposed in this paper are verified
by inter-satellite laser-ranging on orbit, and the results are
analyzed.
ARSRNet: accurate space object recognition using optical cross section
curves
Authors: Wang Xia , Huo YuRong , Fang YuQiang , Zhang Feng , Wu Yifan
Published: September 2021

Limited by the conditions and
performance of ground-based
optical observations, it is difficult for us to obtain a plethora of
optical cross section (OCS) data for some space objects (SOs).
Unevenly distributed OCS data and unclear labels will affect the
performance of SOs recognition based on neural networks. Furthermore,
when we need to identify a new SO or SO category using deep neural
network, the trained network model may no longer be applicable. We
need to retrain the network with new training data. In order to
alleviate these problems and improve the generalization and training
convergence speed of SOs recognition networks, a novel, to the best of
our knowledge, neural network model, ARSRNet, is proposed in this
paper. The ARSRNet can identify SOs and their attitude accurately
using only a small quantity of training OCS data and without clear
labels. And the proposed network is able to adapt to new recognition
tasks. Meanwhile, we propose an AdamRprop network optimization
algorithm to accelerate network training and improve recognition
accuracy. Experimental results show that the recognition accuracy of
ARSRNet reaches 90.60% on the test OCS dataset. Compared with
mainstream network optimization algorithms, the proposed AdamRprop is
more appropriate for ARSRNet and can accelerate the convergence of
ARSRNet.
Single-sequence stable spectroscopic reflectometry using simultaneous measurement of incident light and reflected light
Authors: Lee Sin Yong , Lee Seung Woo , Choi Garam , Cho Yeongchan , Pahk Heui Jae
Published: September 2021

We proposed a new scheme of spectroscopic reflectometry (SR) that improves the stability
with respect to the intensity variations of the incident light and simplifies the
measurement procedure. The proposed method enables this by simultaneously measuring the
incident light and the reflected light. Using the multi-order retarder, we modulate the
incident light intensity into a high-frequency signal at the spectral domain. Even though
the spectrometer measures the sum of reflected light and modulated incident light, each
signal can be separately obtained using the Fourier transform. The proposed method is
verified through the measurement of

S
i
O

2

thin film on the Si substrate with various incident
light intensities.
Denoising of an ultraviolet light received signal based on improved wavelet transform threshold and threshold function
Authors: Guo Hua , Yue Leihui , Song Peng , Tan Yumei , Zhang Lijian
Published: September 2021

In this paper, the wavelet transform algorithm is used to reduce the noise of ultraviolet (UV) light received signals. An improved calculation method of the wavelet thresholds and a new threshold function are proposed. The new threshold function avoids the discontinuity of the traditional hard threshold function. It can also avoid the constant deviation caused by the traditional soft threshold function. The improved threshold calculation method takes into account the effect of the wavelet decomposition level, and the simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared with other methods, the method proposed in this paper can obtain a better denoising effect.
Surface light scattering in reflection geometry: capabilities and limitations
Authors: Koller Thomas M. , Cui Junwei , Schmidt Michael , Knorr Johannes , Fröba Andreas P.
Published: September 2021

In the present study, the capabilities and limitations of surface light scattering (SLS) experiments in reflection geometry are investigated. Based on the study of the transparent reference fluid toluene at 303.15 K over a wide range of wave vectors between

(

0.3

a
n
d

6.6

)
×

1

0

5

m

−
1

, the performance of two different detection schemes analyzing light scattered from the vapor–liquid interface in a perpendicular and non-perpendicular direction is assessed. Considering various aspects such as the quality of the heterodyne correlation functions, the input information for data evaluation, and the line-broadening effects, both detection schemes show comparable overall efficiency. For wave vectors larger than

4.5

×

1

0

5

m

−
1

, where line-broadening effects are suppressed, the results obtained for liquid viscosity and surface tension agree with measurements in transmission geometry, validating the capability of the apparatus. For wave vectors smaller than

1.5

×

1

0

5

m

−
1

, the SLS signals are distinctly affected by line-broadening effects, which will result in erroneous values for surface tension and in particular viscosity, even if empirical fitting approaches commonly used in literature are applied. The modeling of the influence of line broadening on the measurements results by a simple Gaussian-weighted sum of individual damped oscillations reveals the increasing complexity of the underlying wave vector distribution toward smaller wave vectors chosen for the scattering geometry.
Label-free imaging of age-related cardiac structural changes in non-human primates using multiphoton nonlinear microscopy
Authors: Khan Amara , Ramos-Gomes Fernanda , Markus Andrea , Mietsch Matthias , Hinkel Rabea , Alves Frauke
Published: September 2021

Heart failure is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality. Both maturational abnormalities and age-associated cardiac pathologies contribute to heart failure. Imaging-based assessment to discern detailed cardiac structure at various maturational stages is imperative for understanding mechanisms behind cardiac growth and aging. Using multiphoton nonlinear optical microscopy (NLOM) based label-free imaging, we investigated cardiac structural composition in a human-relevant aging model, the common marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus). Animals were divided into three different age groups including neonatal, young adult and old. By devising a unique strategy for segregating collagen and myosin emitted second harmonic generation (SHG) signals, we performed a volumetric assessment of collagen and total scattering tissue (collagen + myosin). Aged marmoset hearts exhibited an increase in collagen and total scattering tissue volume at the sites of severe tissue remodelling indicating age-related cardiac fibrosis. Significantly low scattering tissue volume in neonatal marmoset hearts was attributed to a lack of binding between the myofibrils in maturing cardiac tissue. Comprehensive quantitative assessment of structural composition during maturation and aging of marmoset hearts revealed significant differences in myofibril length, alignment, curvature and angular distribution. In conclusion, label-free high-resolution NLOM facilitates visualization and quantification of subcellular structural features for understanding vital age-related morphological alterations in the marmoset heart.
Spectrally-selective mid-IR laser-induced inactivation of pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Kompanets Victor , Shelygina Svetlana , Tolordava Eteri , Kudryashov Sergey , Saraeva Irina , Rupasov Aleksey , Baitsaeva Olga , Khmelnitskii Roman , Ionin Andrey , Yushina Yulia , Chekalin Sergey , Kovalev Michael
Published: September 2021

Micrometer-thick layers of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria were prepared on fluorite substrates and scanned by focused mid-IR femtosecond laser radiation that was spectrally tuned to achieve the selective excitation of either the stretching C–H vibrations (3 μm), or stretching C = O, C–N vibrations (6 μm) of the amide groups in the bacteria. The enhanced biocidal efficiency of the latter selective excitation, compared to the more uniform 3-μm laser excitation, was demonstrated by performing viability assays of laser-treated bacterial layers. The bacterial inactivation by the 6-μm ultrashort laser pulses is attributed to dissociative denaturation of lipids and proteins in the cell membranes and intra-cell nucleic acids.
Conversion efficiency of multi-keV L-shell-band X-ray emission
Authors: Wang R. R. , An H. H. , Xie Z. Y. , Wang W.
Published: September 2021

This study explored the influence of foil thickness, laser pulse width, and laser intensity to optimize the multi-keV X-ray conversion efficiency of a sandwiched (CH/Sn/CH) planar target under laser irradiation at the Shenguang II laser facility. The X-ray photon field values were measured using a set of elliptically bent crystal spectrometers and the conversion efficiencies (ξx) of photon energies were in the range of 3.7–4.3 keV. The experimental results indicate that the X-ray yields of 3.7 to 4.3 keV radiation strongly depend on the laser pulse width, target thickness, and laser intensity. The results also demonstrate that three-layer thin foils can provide an efficient multi-keV X-ray source because they can change the distribution of emitted multi-keV X-rays and target dynamics versus nanosecond laser pulses to produce large, hot, and underdense plasma. However, the underdense plasma produced as a rarefaction wave causes the overdense plasma generated by the laser pulse to expand. Therefore, the laser parameters and foil thickness must be carefully optimized to produce an efficient 3.7 to 4.3 keV X-ray source. Otherwise, the rarefaction waves from both sides of the thin foil may suppress multi-keV X-ray emission. This study represents an important advancement in the development of an efficient multi-keV L-shell-band X-ray source.
Removal of correlated background in a high-order harmonic transient absorption spectra with principal component regression
Authors: Faccialà Davide , Toulson Benjamin W. , Gessner Oliver
Published: September 2021

We demonstrate a 40x mean noise power reduction (NPR) in core-to-valence extreme ultraviolet (XUV) femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy with a high harmonic generation (HHG) light source. An adaptive iteratively reweighted principal component regression (airPCR) is used to analyze and suppress spectrally correlated HHG intensity fluctuations. The technique requires significantly less user input and leads to a higher mean NPR than a previously introduced edge-pixel PCR method that relies on the manual identification of signal-free spectral regions. Both techniques are applied in a time-resolved XUV absorption study of the 2snp 1P
o
(n ≥ 2) autoionizing Rydberg states of helium, demonstrating sub-10−3 optical density sensitivity.
Polarization correlation in the superfluorescent decay process
Authors: Kitano K. , Tomida H. , Takei D. , Maeda H.
Published: September 2021

We investigated the polarization properties of superfluorescence (SF) emitted from dense cesium atomic vapor in a cell. The atoms were excited from the

6
S

ground to the

8
P

state using a femtosecond laser pulse. The SF fields generated on the cascaded decay,

8
P
→
8
S
→
7
P

, mediated the nonlinear optical process. We observed 4.2-µm and 456-nm forward directional emissions generated on the

8
S
→
7
P

and

7
P
→
6
S

transitions, respectively. The polarizations of the two fields were correlated in each laser shot, and their directions fluctuated from shot to shot, reflecting the noise that initiated the 4.2-µm emission.
A proposed framework for the development and qualitative evaluation of West Nile virus models and their application to local public health decision-making
Authors: Keyel Alexander C. , Gorris Morgan E. , Rochlin Ilia , Uelmen Johnny A. , Chaves Luis F. , Hamer Gabriel L. , Moise Imelda K. , Shocket Marta , Kilpatrick A. Marm , DeFelice Nicholas B. , Davis Justin K. , Little Eliza , Irwin Patrick , Tyre Andrew J. , Helm Smith Kelly , Fredregill Chris L. , Elison Timm Oliver , Holcomb Karen M. , Wimberly Michael C. , Ward Matthew J. , Barker Christopher M. , Rhodes Charlotte G. , Smith Rebecca L.
Published: September 2021

West Nile virus (WNV) is a globally distributed mosquito-borne virus of great public health concern. The number of WNV human cases and mosquito infection patterns vary in space and time. Many statistical models have been developed to understand and predict WNV geographic and temporal dynamics. However, these modeling efforts have been disjointed with little model comparison and inconsistent validation. In this paper, we describe a framework to unify and standardize WNV modeling efforts nationwide. WNV risk, detection, or warning models for this review were solicited from active research groups working in different regions of the United States. A total of 13 models were selected and described. The spatial and temporal scales of each model were compared to guide the timing and the locations for mosquito and virus surveillance, to support mosquito vector control decisions, and to assist in conducting public health outreach campaigns at multiple scales of decision-making. Our overarching goal is to bridge the existing gap between model development, which is usually conducted as an academic exercise, and practical model applications, which occur at state, tribal, local, or territorial public health and mosquito control agency levels. The proposed model assessment and comparison framework helps clarify the value of individual models for decision-making and identifies the appropriate temporal and spatial scope of each model. This qualitative evaluation clearly identifies gaps in linking models to applied decisions and sets the stage for a quantitative comparison of models. Specifically, whereas many coarse-grained models (county resolution or greater) have been developed, the greatest need is for fine-grained, short-term planning models (m–km, days–weeks) that remain scarce. We further recommend quantifying the value of information for each decision to identify decisions that would benefit most from model input.
Bedrock erosion in subglacial channels
Authors: Fagherazzi Sergio , Baticci Luca , Brandon Christine M. , Rulli Maria Cristina
Published: September 2021

The Labyrinth in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica is characterized by large bedrock channels emerging from beneath the margin of Wright Upper Glacier. To study the morphodynamics of large subglacial channels cut into bedrock, we develop herein a numerical model based on the classical theory of subglacial channels and recent results on bedrock abrasion by saltating bed load. Model results show that bedrock abrasion in subglacial channels with pressurized flow reaches a maximum at an intermediate distance up-ice from the glacier snout for a wide range of sediment grain sizes and sediment loads. Close to the snout, the velocity is too low and the sediment particles cannot be mobilized. Far from the snout, the flow accelerates and sediment is transported in suspension, thus limiting particle impacts at the channel bottom and reducing abrasion. This non-monotonic relationship between subglacial flow and bedrock abrasion produces concave up bottom profiles in subglacial channels and potential cross-section constrictions after channel confluences. Both landforms are present in the bedrock channels of the Labyrinth. We therefore conclude that these geomorphic features are a possible signature of bedrock abrasion, rather than glacial scour, and reflect the complex interplay between transport rate, sediment load, and transport capacity in subglacial channels.
Influence of the TorD signal peptide chaperone on Tat-dependent protein translocation
Authors: Bageshwar Umesh K. , DattaGupta Antara , Musser Siegfried M.
Published: September 2021

The twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathway transports folded proteins across energetic membranes. Numerous Tat substrates contain co-factors that are inserted before transport with the assistance of redox enzyme maturation proteins (REMPs), which bind to the signal peptide of precursor proteins. How signal peptides are transferred from a REMP to a binding site on the Tat receptor complex remains unknown. Since the signal peptide mediates both interactions, possibilities include: i) a coordinated hand-off mechanism; or ii) a diffusional search after REMP dissociation. We investigated the binding interaction between substrates containing the TorA signal peptide (spTorA) and its cognate REMP, TorD, and the effect of TorD on the in vitro transport of such substrates. We found that Escherichia coli TorD is predominantly a monomer at low micromolar concentrations (dimerization KD > 50 μM), and this monomer binds reversibly to spTorA (KD ≈ 1 μM). While TorD binds to membranes (KD ≈ 100 nM), it has no apparent affinity for Tat translocons and it inhibits binding of a precursor substrate to the membrane. TorD has a minimal effect on substrate transport by the Tat system, being mildly inhibitory at high concentrations. These data are consistent with a model in which the REMP-bound signal peptide is shielded from recognition by the Tat translocon, and spontaneous dissociation of the REMP allows the substrate to engage the Tat machinery. Thus, the REMP does not assist with targeting to the Tat translocon, but rather temporarily shields the signal peptide.
Optimizing health facility location for universal health care: A case study from the Philippines
Authors: Flores Lorenzo Jaime Yu , Tonato Ramon Rafael , dela Paz Gabrielle Ann , Ulep Valerie Gilbert
Published: September 2021

Site selection of health facilities is critical in ensuring universal access to basic healthcare services. However, in many low and middle-income countries (LMICs) like the Philippines, site selection is traditionally based on political and pragmatic considerations. Moreover, literature that demonstrates the application of facility location models in the Philippine healthcare setting remains scarce, and their usage in actual facility planning is even more limited. In this study, we proposed a variation of cooperative covering maximal models to identify the optimal location of primary care facilities. We demonstrated the feasibility of implementing such a model by using open source data on an actual city in the Philippines. Our results generated multiple candidate locations of primary care facilities depending on the equity and efficiency parameters. This approach could be used as one of the critical considerations in evidence-based, multi-criterion health facility location decisions of governments, and can also be adapted in other industries, given the model’s use of readily available open source datasets.
An observational cohort study comparing ibuprofen and oxycodone in children with fractures
Authors: Ali Samina , Manaloor Robin , Johnson David W. , Rosychuk Rhonda J. , LeMay Sylvie , Carleton Bruce , McGrath Patrick J. , Drendel Amy L. ,   on behalf of Pediatric Emergency Research Canada
Published: September 2021

Objective

To compare the effectiveness and safety of prescribing ibuprofen and oxycodone for at-home management of children’s fracture pain.

Methods

A prospective observational cohort was conducted at the Stollery Children’s Hospital pediatric emergency department (June 2010-July 2014). Children aged 4–16 years with an isolated fracture discharged home with advice to use either ibuprofen or oxycodone were recruited.

Results

A cohort of 329 children (n = 217 ibuprofen, n = 112 oxycodone) were included. Mean age was 11.1 years (SD 3.5); 68% (223/329) were male. Fracture distribution included 80.5% (264/329) upper limb with 34.3% (113/329) requiring fracture reduction. The mean reduction in Faces Pain Score-Revised score (maximum pain–post-treatment pain) for Day 1 was 3.6 (SD 1.9) (ibuprofen) and 3.8 (SD 2.1) (oxycodone) (p = 0.50); Day 2 was 3.6 (SD 1.8) (ibuprofen) and 3.7 (SD 1.6) (oxycodone) (p = 0.56); Day 3 was 3.7 (SD 1.7) (ibuprofen) and 3.3 (SD 1.7) (oxycodone) (p = 0.24). Children prescribed ibuprofen (51.2%, 109/213) experienced less adverse events compared to those prescribed oxycodone (70.5% 79/112) on Day 1 (p = 0.001). Children prescribed ibuprofen (71.8%, 150/209) had their function (eat, play, school, sleep) affected less than those prescribed oxycodone (83.0%, 93/112) (p = 0.03) on Day 1.

Conclusion

Children prescribed ibuprofen or oxycodone experienced similar analgesic effectiveness for at-home fracture pain. Oxycodone prescribing was associated with more adverse events and negatively impacted function. Oxycodone use does not appear to confer any benefit over ibuprofen for pain relief and has a negative adverse effect profile. Ibuprofen appears to be a safe option for fracture-related pain.
Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 and angiotensinogen as diagnostic biomarkers for Kawasaki disease
Authors: Yanagimachi Masakatsu , Fukuda Sayaka , Tanaka Fumiko , Iwamoto Mari , Takao Chiho , Oba Kunihiro , Suzuki Natsuko , Kiyohara Koji , Kuranobu Dai , Tada Norimasa , Nagashima Ayako , Ishii Taku , Ino Yoko , Kimura Yayoi , Nawa Nobutoshi , Fujiwara Takeo , Naruto Takuya , Morio Tomohiro , Doi Shouzaburo , Mori Masaaki
Published: September 2021

Objective

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis in childhood that can lead to coronary artery lesions (CALs). Although early diagnosis and treatment is important for preventing KD patients from development of CALs, diagnosis depends on the clinical features of KD. We studied the usefulness of leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) and angiotensinogen (AGT), previously reported as KD-related proteins, for KD diagnosis and estimation of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) efficacy.

Methods

We undertook a prospective cohort study with patients having two or more KD symptoms in multiple centers in Japan, between July 2017 and February 2019.

Results

Two hundred forty-two patients were included. In multivariable analysis, one unit increase in LRG1 was associated with higher odds of KD diagnosis (Odds ratio [OR] 1.02 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.001–1.03]). Double-positivity for AGT (≥ 26 μg/mL) and LRG1 (≥ 123.5 μg/mL) was an independent biomarker for KD diagnosis in both the total cohort and the subgroup of patients with two to four KD symptoms (OR 5.01 [95% CI 1.86–13.50] and 3.71 [95% CI 1.23–11.16], respectively). There was no association between LRG1/AGT and IVIG efficacy.

Conclusion

Double-positivity for LRG1 and AGT is an biomarker for KD diagnosis, especially useful in diagnosing incomplete KD from non-KD. Future studies with larger cohorts should seek to determine whether LRG1 and AGT are valuable as definitive data referred at the diagnosis of KD and for estimating the risk of CALs.
Local infiltration analgesia with bupivacaine and adrenaline does not reduce perioperative blood loss in total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Ceynowa Marcin , Sikora Tomasz , Rocławski Marek , Treder Mariusz , Kolarz Krzysztof , Pankowski Rafał , Mazurek Tomasz
Published: September 2021

This study evaluates the effect of local infiltration analgesia with bupivacaine and adrenaline on perioperative blood loss in total hip arthroplasty. Patients who had primary total hip arthroplasty were retrospectively assigned to two groups. One group had 100 ml of bupivacaine/adrenaline solution injected into periarticular soft tissues at the end of the procedure. There were 55 patients in the infiltrated hip group and 44 patients in the not infiltrated group. Patients’ hemoglobin level (Hb), hematocrit (HTC), red blood count (RBC), platelet count (PLT) and International Normalized Ratio (INR) as well as the need for blood transfusions were compared statistically between groups preoperatively and postoperatively. There were no significant differences between Hb, HTC or RBC levels as well as the rate and amount of blood transfusions on the 1st, 4th postoperative days or at patients’ discharge between infiltrated and not infiltrated groups. This study does not support the hypothesis that the use of local infiltration analgesia with adrenaline may reduce perioperative blood loss in total hip arthroplasty.
A Room for Archaeologists and Kids
Authors: Othenin-Girard Guillaume , Crignola Lucio , Emerson Tom
Published: September 2021

Beginning in June 2018, some forty‑five students from Zurich and Lima led by Guillaume Othenin-Girard (ETH Zurich) and Vincent Juillerat (PUCP) worked together to produce a structure in the heart of the archaeological landscape of Pachacamac, Peru. The project was the culmination of a half‑year collaboration between Studio Tom Emerson of D-ARCH, ETH Zurich and Taller 5 of the Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, PUCP Lima, at the invitation of Denise Pozzi-Escot, the director of the Museum of Pachacamac.
In this new structure, archaeologists make their first examination of artefacts emerging from the digs, shaded from the punishing Andean sun and in view of passing visitors and school children, who in turn, perform their own exploration in the sandpits across the courtyard. At each end, new finds are stored in rooms enclosed by woven cane walls before being transferred to the museum for permanent conservation. The structure was collaboratively designed and constructed by the students in three weeks in June and July, following a joint research project over several months that produced a new topological survey of the territory: the Pachacamac Atlas.
The reality of a landscape changes according to the perceptions of time and memory that underlie it. The visual essay that follows is an attempt to recall the intuitive relationships and invisible links arising from the superimposition of the Atlas onto the processes of design and construction. The collective knowledge gathered over the course of the territorial survey draws an understanding of the place which is larger than the ancient sanctuary per se – unveiling ways of making and the material flows between humankind and the environment on various scales. This methodology of survey drawing reveals the inherent capacity of the architecture student to think both as a maker and a territorial agent, thus triggering an awareness of the designer’s social and environmental responsibilities within the design and construction process.
Enrique Coraza de los Santos y Silvia Dutrénit Bielous (eds.) (2020). Historia reciente de América Latina: hechos, procesos y autores. 482 págs. Ciudad de México: Instituto de Investigaciones Dr. José María Luis Mora, Ecosur. ISBN: 978-607-8793-01-3
Authors: Brain Paula
Published: September 2021

Historia reciente de América Latina: hechos, procesos y autores, editado por Enrique Coraza de los Santos y Silvia Dutrénit Bielous, es el resultado de la investigación sensible y del debate continuamente actualizado de un colectivo interdisciplinario comprometido socialmente. Siendo sus objetivos -muy bien logrados- la escucha, el análisis, la comprensión y la interpretación de una polifonía latinoamericana en relación dialéctica, claro está, con el contexto mundial, comparecen en sus capítulos las voces otras, las víctimas, las asociaciones de mujeres en busca de sus desaparecidos/as, las caravanas de migrantes, los/as jóvenes de la convulsionada Centroamérica, los/as refugiados/as y transterrados/as y los jueces humanistas, entre otros/as.
SPESIASI DAN BIOGEOGRAFI IKAN DI KAWASAN SEGITIGA TERUMBU KARANG
Authors: Yalindua Fione Yukita
Published: September 2021

The coral triangle is a region with the highest hotspot of fish biodiversity in the world. Factors to explain biodiversity in the coral triangle are varied widely. Factors as well as biogeography and speciation in evolutionary processes would explain the richness of fish species. The species formation theory in fish (speciation) is divided into allopatric, sympatric, and parapatric speciations. Biogeographically, the reason of what causes high biodiversity in the coral triangle area is divided into several models, namely: the center of origin, the center of overlap, the center of accumulation, the center of survival/refugia, and the mid domain effect/null model. This article will discuss the role and contribution of each mode/hypothesis in explaining coral triangle areas' biodiversity hotspots to provide information for biodiversity conservation of reef fishes in the future.
Vulvar Crohn's Disease: Clinical Features and Outcomes
Authors: Cho Janice M. , Loftus Edward V. , Bruining David H. , Chedid Victor G. , Farraye Francis A. , Faubion William A. , Johnson Amanda M. , Kane Sunanda V. , Kisiel John B. , Malik Talha A. , Papadakis Konstantinos A. , Pardi Darrell S. , Picco Michael F. , Raffals Laura E. , Schroeder Kenneth W. , Tremaine William J. , Coelho-Prabhu Nayantara
Published: September 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Vulvar involvement is a rare complication of Crohn's disease (CD). The optimal treatment of vulvar CD is unknown.

METHODS:

We conducted a 25-year retrospective cohort study of vulvar CD from 3 referral centers. Clinical features and outcomes were studied.

RESULTS:

Fifty patients were identified. The most common vulvar symptoms were pain (74%), edema (60%), ulcerations (46%), nodules (36%), and abscess (34%). Medical management leading to symptomatic improvement varied, and 5 patients ultimately required surgery.

DISCUSSION:

Vulvar CD manifests with a broad spectrum of symptoms. Aggressive medical management was frequently effective, although surgery was required in 10% of cases.
Missile Longitudinal Dynamics Control Design Using Pole Placement and LQR Methods
Authors: Rao P.V.R.R. Bhogendra , Murthy Arikapalli V.S.N. , Bhowmick Shiladitya , Ayyagari Ramakalyan
Published: September 2021

In high-maneuvering missile systems, with severe restrictions on actuator energy requirements, it is desirable to achieve the required performance with least actuation effort. Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) has been in literature for long and has proven it’s mettle as an optimal controller in many benign aerospace applications and industrial applications where the response times of the plant, in most cases, are seen to be greater than 10 seconds. It can be observed in the literature that LQR control methodology has not been explored enough in the tactical missile applications where requirement of very fast airframe response times are desired, typically of the order of milliseconds. In the present research, the applicability of LQR method for one such agile missile control has been critically explored. In the present research work, longitudinal dynamic model of an agile missile flying at high angle of attack regime has been established and an optimal LQR control solution has been proposed to bring out the required performance demanding least control actuator energy. A novel scheme has been presented to further optimise the control effort, which is essential in this class of missile systems with space and energy constraints, by iteratively computing optimal magnitude state weighing matrix Q and control cost matrix R. Pole placement design techniques, though extensively used in aerospace industry because of ease of implementation and proven results, do not address optimality of the system performance. Hence, a comparative study has been carried out to verify the results of LQR against pole placement technique based controller. The efficacy of LQR based controller over pole placement design techniques is successfully established with minimum control energy requirement in this paper. Futuristic high maneuvering, agile missile control design with severe space and energy constraints stand to benefit incorporating the controller design scheme proposed in this paper.
Effect of a Jet Control Device on the Process of Missile and Internal Weapons Bay Separation
Authors: Zhu Shiquan , Hu Zongyao , Cheng Chuanxiao , Jin Tingxiang , Xu Peiyuan , Lv Ruohan , Cao Shuang , Chen Zhihua
Published: September 2021

To ensure that the missile is safely separated from the internal weapons bay, the jet is used to control the process of missile separation, which is mounted on the front edge of the bay. The length-to-depth ratio of the bay was L/D=8, the diameter of the missile was d1 =0.178 m, the diameter of the jet was d2 =0.05 m . The FLUENT software was combined with our group-developed code under the platform of a user-defined function (UDF) to solve the flow field and the six-degrees-of-freedom (6DOF) of missile. The detached eddy simulation method and dynamic mesh technology were used in the numerical calculations. The boundary condition of missile, bay, and aircraft was no-slip wall condition. The boundary condition of the jet was the pressure-inlet. The pressure far-field boundary was selected as other boundaries. The constraint of the ejection device on the missile was considered. It was found that the jet control device thickens the shear layer, so the shear layer with more gradual velocity gradients, which is beneficial to the separation of missile. The distance between the internal weapons bay and the missile in the positive z-direction with the jet is 1.74 times that without the jet at t=0.5 s. In the case of the jet control device, the pitching angle of the missile ranged from 0.93° to -3.94° , the angular motion range of the missile with the jet is smaller than that without. The jet can make the characteristics of the flow field friendly, and enable the missile to separate from the bay quickly, stably, and safely.
El coronel tiene quien le escriba. Memorias de un héroe o un villano en Llana Caliente
Authors: Suárez Andrés Fernando
Published: September 2021

Este articulo describe y analiza las luchas por la memoria en torno a la figura del coronel Rogelio Ramos Correa durante los hechos violentos ocurridos el 28 de mayo de 1988 en el corregimiento Llana Caliente en la región del Magdalena Medio, erigido por unos como un héroe, condenado por otros como un victimario. Una lucha por la memoria entre las Fuerzas Militares del Estado y el Movimiento de Víctimas de Crímenes de Estado en las que se ponen de presente los énfasis y los silencios en la reconstrucción de los hechos, los encadenamien­tos causales y sus marcos interpretativos, la asimetría en los recursos de que disponen las partes para imponer su versión y el punto de partida de la lucha desde el momento mismo en que se producen los hechos, dado el impacto que tiene el primer momento en la instalación duradera de una u otra narrativa en la memoria colectiva.
Mujer, negra y esclavizada. Cimarronaje femenino y espiritualidad africana en Nueva Granada XVIII
Authors: Gasca Bazurto Luis Fernando , Quintero Rangel Jennifer Sayira , Hernández Lopera Lina Marí
Published: September 2021

En el presente artículo se reflexiona sobre las prácticas de cimarronaje femenino ejercidas por las esclavizadas de Nueva Granada en el siglo XVIII. Con el objetivo de comprender estas prácticas se eligió un enfoque metodológico de diseño cualitativo soportado en el método de revisión do­cumental, para indagar en artículos relacionados con este tema. Como resultado de esta indaga­ción se halló que en las experiencias de cimarronaje femenino, tales como, el uso de la palabra, la magia, el ejercicio de la sexualidad o decisiones sobre el cuerpo, entre otras, fueron fácilmente interpretadas por las autoridades coloniales como signos paganos o abyecciones propias de pue­blos bárbaros. Esto condujo a que muchas esclavizadas fueran encarceladas, torturadas, incluso, condenadas a muerte. Sin embargo, en medio de estas también se preservaban sus saberes an­cestrales y se mantenían espiritualmente libres, ejerciendo su derecho a la autonomía cultural e individual. Por ello, hoy estas conductas se reconocen como Cimarronaje Femenino. Por lo que se concluyó, este tipo de cimarronaje representó un ejercicio de doble resistencia de la mujer africana contra la esclavitud y la opresión de género.
Sustainable value of rice farm based on economic efficiency in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Triyono  , Rahmawati Nur , Rozaki Zuhud
Published: September 2021

An analytical and integrated approach to farming needs to be formulated to assist decision-making by policymakers. This is important for the sustainability of agriculture in Indonesia, especially in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, which has experienced a decrease in land area, production, and productivity in the last 5 years. This study aims to analyze the sustainability of rice farming using the sustainable-value approach, which is based on the economically efficient use of agricultural resources. Data were collected from rice farmers in 25 observation areas attached to eight river irrigation sources throughout the province. A criterion for economic efficiency has been used as a guideline for setting benchmarks for optimal input use. The study reveals that, in general, these rice farms had poor economic productivity values. The sustainable value distribution for rice farms exceeded the highest value but there was low sustained quality. This indicates the limited overall longevity but also the potential for sustainability. Therefore, in managing rice farms, economic, social, and environmental resources have to be used more effectively.
Taking Responsibility for the Pasts
Authors: Larsen Svend Erik
Published: September 2021

One of the most significant connections between power and responsibility occurs in relation to the past. The post-revolutionary political powers of the new nations in the nineteenth century reinterpreted or, less politely formulated, invented their past to fit the process of nation building and only then take responsibility for future development of the nations. And they were not alone: pre-nineteenth century periods and the 20th and 21st centuries abound with examples. In our personal lives, self-empowerment often depends on the capacity to take responsibility for one’s past, including all its happy and traumatic moments. In a court room the forensic evidence of past events alone gives the judges the power to decide the fate of the defendant. In neither of the cases power and responsibility can work together without activating individual and collective memory and without finding a language to express responsibility as a manifestation of political, formal and personal power in a process of political legitimization, legal affirmation of justice and personal identity formation. With literary examples from South Africa this article discusses power and responsibility in their relation to a troubled political, legal and personal past.
“I Would Prefer Not To”: A Lawyer Facing the Irresponsible Power
Authors: Rossi Giuseppe
Published: September 2021

The essay considers Hermann Melville’s character Bartleby as an example of irresponsible power, since, in the story, the scrivener changes deeply his lawyer employer’s way of thinking and living, without giving any single answer to the many questions which the narrator keeps asking him about his apparently absurd behavior. The article offers some reflections about the difficulties that legal rules, as well as other set of rules (moral, ethics) meet when they are called to face irresponsible powers, and about the need to keep asking questions, though knowing that they will meet no final answers (thus accepting the irrationality of life, and coping with it).
The Power without Responsibility of the Gaze. The Letter and Spirit’s Eye in the Humanities, from the Italian Perspective to the Robot
Authors: Heritier Paolo
Published: September 2021

The paper identifies a continuity between the legal issue of the letter and spirit (or ratio) of the law and the invention of perspective as a symbolic form. The idea of perspective in Piero della Francesca’s Annunciation and the concept of “Italian perspective” in Arasse’s work are based on the aesthetic normativity of the painting in relation to the normative form of the norm, moving from the analysis of the invisible/visible nexus in legal theory. The notion of thirdness thus mediates between law as text and normativity as image, leading to the aesthetic enactment that conceives Italian playhouse as a form of theater, cinema, trial and university, as a symbolic form of knowledge and culture in the West. The simultaneously normative and aesthetic power of the gaze thus emerges as the removed from legal theory, until the problem of self-driving vehicles brings the issue back to the center of contemporary debate. The transition from frontal gaze to 360° vision suggests the theme of immersion as a new symbolic for the man–robot society.
“Shakespeare’s Pioneer Migrant Othello”: Desire, Migration, Pathology and the Politics of Citizenship in The Nature of Blood
Authors: Battisti Chiara
Published: September 2021

In a historical period characterised by political and social occurrences of immigration crises, Shakespeare’s and early modern dramatic attention to aliens and foreigners invite us to re-read the anguish of Shakespeare’s alien and to investigate the ways in which, in the specific case of Othello, the Moor’s experience prefigures subsequent migrations and the contemporary immigrants’ struggle for integration. Caryl Phillips’ creative re-appropriation of Shakespeare’s Othello in The Nature of Blood (1998) gives voice to the psychological anguish of a migrant in the guise of an unnamed Othello-like black general newly arrived in Venice. In a never-ending dialogue between present and past, Phillips articulates a complex reflection on the immigrants’ desire to be granted recognition as a legitimised individual with a social identity, while problematising the idea of home and the sense of belonging, here understood as the subjective feeling of identification with a city/nation. With such a complex redefinition in mind, my reading conceptualises Othello (alias the migrant) as an ethnopsychiatric “symptom”, in a psychopathology of migration and exile which exposes the meanings and practices of belonging produced and supported by host societies.
Performing Identities in Bram Stoker’s Dracula: The Encounter with the Other Between Politics, Tourism, Migration and Culture in the Late Victorian Context
Authors: Fiorato Sidia
Published: September 2021

Bram Stoker’s Dracula presents an investigation of identity from multiple perspectives: the political stance of the Victorian fin de siècle intersects with questions of identity and their liminal articulation through narrative control. The count becomes a “thick” synecdoche for the East and his arrival to England symbolises a reverse political and cultural colonisation that leads to a new image of the individual, revealing the innermost recesses of Western culture.
Effect of Zr(IV) to phosphorus ratio on U(VI) adsorption by diethylenetriamine-pentamethylene phosphate Zr(IV) hybrids
Authors: Wang You-qun , Wang Huan , Feng Yue , Zhang Zhi-bin , Cao Xiao-hong , Liu Yun-hai
Published: September 2021

In this work, diethylenetriamine pentamethylenephosphonic acid (DTPMP) was ultilized into preparing of Zr(IV) organophosphates hybrids (Zr-DTPMP-x, x was the molar ratio of Zr(IV)/DTPMP in the synthetic process, x = 0.5, 1, 2, and 3) using a hydrothermal method. The physical and chemical properties of Zr-DTPMP-x were characterized by SEM&EDS, FT-IR, XRD, Zeta potential, XPS, TGA and contact angle analysis. Moreover, the adsorptive performances of Zr-DTPMP-x for U(VI) were investigated. The adsorption results showed that the optimum molar ratio of Zr(IV) to phosphine, pH, equilibrium time, and dosage was 0.5, 4.0, 180 min, and 10 mg, respectively. Besides, the adsorption of U(VI) was in accordance with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Sips isothermal model. Moreover, the adsorption capacity determined by Sips isothermal model was 181.34 mg g−1 for Zr-DTPMP-0.5. Furthermore, the adsorptive selectivity of Zr-DTPMP-0.5 for U(VI) was superior than the others. Zr-DTPMP-0.5 may be a powerful candidate for diminishing the contamination of U(VI).
Pandemia COVID-19 w perspektywie ekonomii złożoności
Authors:   Wydział Ekonomii i Finansów, Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Kiełczewski Dariusz
Published: September 2021

Purpose – An indication that complexity economics proposes a more adequate description of economic phenomena and the basis of a strategy to combat the COVID-19 pandemic than traditional economics, which may be the beginning of a breakthrough in the development of economic sciences. Research method – Analysis of the literature on the subject and deductive reasoning. Results – The adoption of the complexity economics perspective in the description of the phenomena accompanying the pandemic allows for a credible explanation of the problems and limitations of the anti-coronavirus policy and provides an interesting basis for an action strategy that gives a chance to use the current crisis to initiate economic development processes more adequate to contemporary economic, ecological and social challenges, and also to revise the hitherto achievements of economic science. Originality / value / implications / recommendations – The article is a contribution to the discussion on the economic aspects of the pandemic and the theory of economics, it is also an original interpretation of the theses of complexity economics in the context of the COVID-19 problem.
Efektywność kapitału intelektualnego a wyniki spółek społecznie odpowiedzialnych indeksu WIG-Energia
Authors:   Wydział Ekonomii i Finansów, Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Michalczuk Grażyna , Konarzewska Urszula ,   Wydział Ekonomii i Finansów, Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Rutkowska Izabela ,   Szkoła Doktorska Nauk Społecznych, Uniwersytet w Białymstoku
Published: September 2021

Purpose – The aim of the research is to identify the impact of efficiency of intellectual capital and its components on the performance of socially responsible companies included in the WIG-Energy index. Research method – Various methods of research were used in this paper, such as the method of desk research consisting of an analysis of data contained in the annual reports of socially responsible companies included in the WIG-Energy index, the VAIC™ method which has been used to measure the intellectual capital, as well as Pearson correlation coefficients and the linear regression analysis, which were the basis for the study of the impact of intellectual capital efficiency on selected measures describing the performance of analysed companies. Results – The conducted studies showed the impact of intellectual capital efficiency on the return on equity (ROE) and the current market valuation of the book value measured by the P/BV ratio (price/book value). However, they did not show a significant impact on return on assets (ROA). In addition, the studies have pointed at the diversified impact of intellectual capital components on the measures describing the performance of socially responsible companies included in the WIG-Energy index. The return on equity (ROE) is significantly influenced by the efficiency of structural and human capital. In turn, the current market valuation of the book value (P/BV) is significantly influenced by the efficiency of human capital. Originality /value / implications /recommendations – The article intends to fill the gap in the field of intellectual capital in the context of its impact on the performance of energy sector companies. This aspect is still underrepresented in research. However, this is currently a significant issue because, for such types of companies that base their activities on specialist knowledge and modern technologies, the intellectual capital becomes a key factor for success. This paper provides a starting point for further research. Therefore, the focus is solely on companies from the WIG-Energy index simultaneously belonging to the WIG-ESG index, which covers companies that meet the highest standards in the field of corporate social responsibility.