bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pelo avesso: dialogando sobre a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados [By avenue: dialoging about Grounded Theory] [Al revés: dialogando sobre la Grounded Theory]
Authors: Solano Lorrainy Cruz , Miranda Francisco Arnoldo Nunes de , Enders Bertha Cruz , Sousa Francisca Georgina Macedo de
Published: October 2018

Objetivo: refletir sobre a Teoria Fundamenta nos Dados (TFD) ou Grounded Theory, como recurso metodológico para pesquisas qualitativas em enfermagem. Conteúdo: utilizou-se como base para a discussão o diálogo entre autores convergentes com os pressupostos da TFD que caminham pelo avesso do roteiro metodológico clássico da pesquisa qualitativa. Duas linhas argumentativas foram desenhadas para que a reflexão acontecesse: a primeira a partir do método TFD propriamente dito e a segunda sobre os saberes na pesquisa em enfermagem. Conclusão: a atual conjuntura impõe o compromisso do pesquisador de enfermagem com as necessidades de saúde da população e com o Sistema Único de Saúde, requerendo estratégias de enfrentamento dos problemas viáveis, eficazes, eficiente e resolutivas. A TFD é uma delas, instigando o conhecimento do conhecimento em enfermagem.ABSTRACT Objective: to think about Grounded Theory as a methodological resource for qualitative research in nursing. Content: the discussion was based on dialogue among authors who converge with the assumptions of Grounded Theory, which run counter to the classic methodological script of qualitative research. Two lines of argument were traced for the thinking to take place: the first based on the Grounded Theory method as such, and the second on knowledge in nursing research. Conclusion: the current situation demands that nursing researchers commit to the population’s health needs and the Unified Health System, and requires feasible, effective, efficient problem-solving strategies, of which Grounded Theory is one, instigating knowledge of knowledge in nursing.RESUMENObjetivo: reflexionar sobre la Grounded Theory como recurso metodológico para investigaciones cualitativas en enfermería. Contenido: se utilizó como base para la discusión o el diálogo entre autores convergentes con los supuestos de la Grounded Theory que caminan al revés del guion metodológico clásico de la investigación cualitativa. Se dibujaron dos líneas argumentativas para que la reflexión ocurriera: la primera desde el método Grounded Theory propiamente dicho y la segunda sobre los saberes en la investigación en enfermería. Conclusión: la actual coyuntura impone el compromiso del investigador de enfermería respecto a las necesidades de salud de la población y al Sistema Único de Salud, y requiere estrategias de afrontamiento de problemas factibles, eficaces, eficientes y resolutivos. La Grounded Theory es una de ellas e instiga el conocimiento de los saberes de enfermería.
FAMÍLIA, ESCOLA E PESSOA COM DEFICIÊNCIA
Authors: Fernandes Ana Paula Cunha dos Santos
Published: October 2018

objetiva-se analisar a relação família-escola na formação da pessoa com deficiência a partir das concepções dos professores. Como a família e a escola contribuem na formação da pessoa com deficiência? Configura-se como pesquisa qualitativa, e seguiu o seguinte delineamento: levantamento bibliográfico, entrevistas semiestruturada, sistematização e análise dos dados. O estudo foi realizado com coordenadores pedagógicos, professores de sala de aula comum e sala de recursos multifuncional, em cinco escolas e duas unidades pedagógicas de Belém. Sobre os resultados:  em algumas escolas a família participa das reuniões com os professores de SRM à parte da escola, e, em outras, não comparece e alega falta de condição financeira; uma professora destaca a questão da violência.
“NINGUÉM TINHA ME PERGUNTADO SE EU SABIA” – UM ESTUDO SOBRE AS CULTURAS INFANTIS
Authors: Furlan Susana Angelin , Lima José Milton de , Lima Márcia Canhoto de
Published: October 2018

Este presente artigo tem como propósito refletir sobre como as vozes e opiniões das crianças estão sendo consideradas dentro do contexto escolar. Fruto de uma pesquisa etnográfica que visava estudar as crianças e suas culturas, teve como um dos principais resultados saberes que levam a acreditar que as crianças possuem culturas que são diferentes do adulto, desta forma, elas falam, se expressam, mas em sua grande maioria são desconsideradas. Desta forma salientamos que é necessário uma empatia nas relações crianças e adultos a fim de entender os pequenos, suas necessidades, assim como a melhor forma que aprendem os conteúdos e os principais saberes historicamente construídos.
Significações dos docentes sobre a educação infantil: viajando através dos contos de fada
Authors: Cavalcante Filho Antonio , Lima Ana Ignez Belém
Published: October 2018

Este artigo busca compreender aspectos da significação dos professores sobre a educação infantil e elementos da sua subjetividade docente a partir do simbolismo dos contos de fada. Discute a relação entre as imagens dos professores sobre a docência e sua forma de ser professor na educação infantil. A pesquisa foi efetivada com docentes do Infantil IV e V pertencentes à rede pública de Fortaleza. Utilizou o estudo de caso como método de pesquisa e para a coleta de dados foi aplicado um roteiro para análise simbólica do conto de fada. Conclui que as professoras investigadas não foram capazes de identificar a natureza simbólica dos contos.
CONTRIBUIÇÕES DO CANTO CORAL NA ESCOLA PARA A FORMAÇÃO INTEGRAL: O QUE DIZEM OS ESTUDANTES
Authors: Pavanello Leonardo Junior , Selpa Heinzle Marcia Regina
Published: October 2018

No contexto escolar a formação integral abrange diferentes dimensões do sujeito, forma-se para além de práticas escolarizadas; inclui-se convívio e interação social com outros sujeitos e discursos. Práticas musicais podem fazer parte dessa formação, pois a música está presente em diversas esferas sociais. Este artigo, então, objetiva analisar as possíveis contribuições do canto coral para a formação integral de estudantes. Para tanto, analisam-se memoriais descritivos de alunos de escola pública participantes de encontros semanais do canto coral. Compreende-se que as práticas empreendidas refletem na transformação de aspectos escolares, como atenção e aprendizagens em diferentes disciplinas; e em práticas (além de) escolares, como relação com a família e projeção que o estudante tem de si.
DISPUTAS PELA BASE NACIONAL COMUM CURRICULAR: PENSANDO EM DIFERENÇA E EM EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Freitas Adriano Vargas , Ribeiro William De Goes
Published: October 2018

Nesta produção apresentamos análises a respeito do projeto de implantação, em nosso país, da Base Nacional Curricular Comum Curricular, no sentido de uma lista de conteúdos específicos para a prática docente. Destacamos os argumentos utilizados por aqueles que a apresentam como indispensável à obtenção da unidade educacional, em especial os participantes do Movimento Escola Sem Partido, e elencamos problemas decorrentes desse objetivo, tais como a verificação de poucos espaços nesta proposta para questões prementes como cultura e diferença. Destacamos também alguns sentidos que vem sendo atribuídos ao projeto e ao currículo, enveredando para a verificação dos riscos que podem envolver uma centralização curricular.
POLÍTICA ACCOUNTABILITY EDUCACIONAL NO ESTADO DO CEARÁ: REPERCUSSÕES NAS DINÂMICAS PEDAGÓGICAS
Authors: Araujo Karlane Holanda , Leite Raimundo Hélio , Passone Eric Ferdinando Kanai
Published: October 2018

O artigo analisa os efeitos da política accountability educacional, representada pelo Prêmio Escola Nota Dez nas dinâmicas pedagógicas das escolas cearenses. Utilizou-se a abordagem qualitativa, empregando-se, como procedimentos, a pesquisa bibliográfica e a de campo. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas aos representantes do núcleo gestor escolar, aos professores e aos alunos do 2º ano do ensino fundamental, em quatro instituições de ensino. Concluiu-se que as dinâmicas escolares são reorientadas pelo Sistema Permanente de Avaliação da Educação Básica do Ceará - Alfa, direcionando o que, como e para que ensinar. Verificou-se que a prática de bonificação tende a pressionar o corpo docente a alcançar as metas, causando tensões nas relações intra e interpessoais no contexto escolar.O artigo analisa os efeitos da política accountability educacional, representada pelo Prêmio Escola Nota Dez nas dinâmicas pedagógicas das escolas cearenses. Utilizou-se a abordagem qualitativa, empregando-se, como procedimentos, a pesquisa bibliográfica e a de campo. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas aos representantes do núcleo gestor escolar, aos professores e aos alunos do 2º ano do ensino fundamental, em quatro instituições de ensino. Concluiu-se que as dinâmicas escolares são reorientadas pelo Sistema Permanente de Avaliação da Educação Básica do Ceará - Alfa, direcionando o que, como e para que ensinar. Verificou-se que a prática de bonificação tende a pressionar o corpo docente a alcançar as metas, causando tensões nas relações intra e interpessoais no contexto escolar.
SISTEMA DE AVALIAÇÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO DE NITERÓI: A PERCEPÇÃO DE PROFESSORES NO CONTEXTO DA PRÁTICA
Authors: Martins da Conceição Vasconcellos Carla Cristina , Velloso Maurício Lúcia
Published: October 2018

Este estudo, inserido no contexto do Sistema de Avaliação da Educação Básica (SAEB), objetivou analisar a percepção dos professores dos anos finais do ensino fundamental sobre as políticas públicas de avaliação educacional, após a implantação na rede municipal de ensino do Sistema de Avaliação da Educação de Niterói (SAEN) em 2013. Foi utilizada como aporte teórico-metodológico a abordagem do Ciclo de Políticas, sugerido por Ball e colaboradores. Esse referencial embasou a análise documental, das entrevistas, bem como os achados da observação. A pesquisa indicou que existem diferentes interpretações dos professores sobre os impactos do SAEN, assim faz-se necessário que os sentidos de participação e protagonismo presentes na concepção do SAEN se tornem realidade no Contexto da Prática.Palavras-chave: Sistema de Avaliação da Educação de Niterói (SAEN); Percepção dos Professores; Ciclo de Políticas.
SISTEMAS DE AVALIAÇÃO DOS ESTADOS NO BRASIL: AVANÇOS DO GERENCIALISMO NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA.
Authors: Bertagna Regiane Helena , Borghi Raquel Fontes
Published: October 2018

O texto aborda o mapeamento de sistemas estaduais de avaliação brasileiros e tem por objetivo discutir os avanços do gerencialismo na educação básica brasileira. A metodologia de pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa se constituiu de levantamento nos sítios das secretarias estaduais de educação. No período de 2005-2015, os resultados evidenciaram 20 sistemas estaduais de avaliação, sendo que 14 deles foram implantados após o início do IDEB, em 2007. Tal processo de intensificação revela e tensiona a lógica de gestão gerencial no campo da educação pública. Destaca-se, também, que há uma duplicação de recursos destinados a avaliação da educação básica pelo governo federal e pelos governos estaduais, recursos estes que poderiam ser investidos na ampliação do direito a uma educação de qualidade para todos.
O lugar do cotidiano nas escolas rurais
Authors: ILHA DARIELI DALTROZO , Ribeiro Simone Da Silva , Lucas de Souza Dileno Dustan
Published: October 2018

As lógicas que sustentam a manutenção da vida e os saberes dos povos do campo precisam ocupar espaço nas discussões que repensam o papel e a função social da escola. Pensando nisso, o objetivo deste texto é refletir sobre o lugar do cotidiano e a construção do conhecimento dentro e fora da escola rural, sustentado pelo ideário de Paulo Freire e Michel de Certeau sobre os sujeitos e seus cotidianos. Também nos propomos a analisar práticas avaliativas focadas na alfabetização, empreendidas por escolas rurais nas décadas de 1980/1990, período de grande migração campo/cidade ocorrida em um município de Minas Gerais. Os resultados apontam a necessidade de lançar um novo olhar para a escola que se localiza no campo, seus currículos e práticas avaliativas, seus sujeitos e suas comunidades.
COMPLEXA RELAÇÃO ENTRE FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA E AVALIAÇÃO EXTERNA NA REDE PÚBLICA DE ENSINO
Authors: Carvalho Ana Carolina Medeiros Gatto Vieira , Varani Adriana
Published: October 2018

Apresentamos uma reflexão sobre sentidos produzidos da relação entre os programas de formação continuada da rede oficial de Ensino do Estado de São Paulo e avaliação externa a partir de discursos de professores de um município deste estado.  A reflexão dos dados pode inferir que a relação entre avaliação externa e formação de professores tem prejudicado essas ações ao longo dos anos, por enfatizar as disciplinas cobradas no SARESP e priorizar as temáticas que compõem as provas, num processo de performatividade, pautando-se em Ball. Os discursos dos professores nos mostram a complexidade dos posicionamentos no cotidiano escolar e nos levam a refletir sobre as contradições existentes, entre o desejo de ter autonomia do trabalho e a aceitação de avaliações regulatórias e responsabilizadoras.
Resenha Passageiros da Noite: do trabalho para a EJA : itinerários pelo direito a uma vida mais justa
Authors: Sampaio Marisa Narcizo
Published: October 2018

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Early vocational rehabilitation for patients with spinal injury: a qualitative research study of service providers
Authors: Ramakrishnan Kumaran , Murphy Gregory , Middleton James , Cameron Ian
Published: October 2018

Background/Aims:

Early intervention is among the factors frequently associated with positive vocational rehabilitation outcomes. However, vocational rehabilitation is not generally a core component of inpatient rehabilitation for individuals with spinal cord injury, who traditionally have poor vocational outcomes. This study explored the perceptions of vocational coordinators providing early and integrated vocational rehabilitation services in the inpatient hospital settings and their opinions regarding the structures and processes of the interventions.

Methods:

All the four vocational coordinators involved in providing early integrated vocational services at the three spinal units in New South Wales, Australia were interviewed (in-depth) as key informants using a semi-structured approach. Transcripts of the interviews were created via audio recordings, transcribed verbatim, and the contents were analysed thematically.

Findings:

Many benefits were seen for vocational coordinators working within a multidisciplinary team in the hospital settings chiefly providing and promoting vocationally oriented therapy. Timing of service provision was not the overarching issue given the optional and voluntary nature of the intervention. The counselling role was seen as eminent given the challenging and (occasionally confronting) nature of working with newly injured individuals.

Conclusions:

The key nature of service provision being patient-centred and paced, within the context of a supportive spinal cord injury rehabilitation team, seemed to engender much hope and optimism, which are salient for newly injured individuals with spinal cord injury in the hospital setting.
Effects and feasibility of virtual reality system vs traditional physical therapy training in multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Streicher Matthew C , Alberts Jay L , Sutliff Matthew H , Bethoux Francois
Published: October 2018

Background/Aims:

Traditionally, physical therapy for gait and balance training takes place in a gym setting, which may not fully reproduce situations in everyday activities. The Computer Assisted Rehabilitation ENvironment system provides an immersive virtual environment, allowing a simulation of complex conditions conducive to gait and balance training. The purpose of this study was to determine: (1) the feasibility and safety of using the Computer Assisted Rehabilitation ENvironment system for physical therapy sessions with multiple sclerosis patients, and (2) pre-post treatment changes observed with the Computer Assisted Rehabilitation ENvironment system compared to traditional physical therapy.

Findings:

Data from functional outcome measures Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go test, Timed 25-Foot Walk, and 6-Minute Walk Test were extracted from the medical records of 62 patients with multiple sclerosis who had at least three physical therapy sessions in either environment. Statistically significant within-group improvements were observed for all outcome measures in the physical therapy Computer Assisted Rehabilitation ENvironment system group (P<0.05), and only for Berg Balance Scale in the traditional physical therapy group. There was a significant between-group difference in favour of physical therapy with the Computer Assisted Rehabilitation ENvironment system for the Timed 25-Foot Walk (P=0.022).

Conclusions:

The results suggest the Computer Assisted Rehabilitation ENvironment system is a safe and effective tool for physical therapy-led gait and balance training for individuals with multiple sclerosis.
The use of GTN paste in impending necrosis following soft-tissue augmentation
Authors: Fromage Gemma
Published: October 2018

One of the actions of Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), otherwise known as nitroglycerin, is initiating the relaxation of smooth muscle cells in blood vessels to promote blood flow to various parts of the body. GTN comes in a number of forms and has a range of indications; however, unfortunately GTN has some common side effects, which in some cases may limit therapy. These side effects include flushing, headache and postural hypotension. One significant, yet controversial, off-license use for GTN paste is for the adjunctive treatment of necrosis or impending necrosis following the use of dermal fillers for soft tissue augmentation. In the event of occlusion or damage and impending necrosis, the goal is to promote blood flow to the area as quickly as possible and treatment should always be immediate. Emergency treatment of the area with hyaluronidase should be initiated first, with adjunct treatments to improve blood supply to the area following shortly.
Buttock lift
Authors: Branford Olivier
Published: October 2018

A Brazilian butt lift, Brazilian buttock lift, or buttock lift is buttock augmentation using fat grafting, which involves the harvesting, processing and transfer of fat from one or more areas of the body into the superficial tissues of the buttocks. Ageing, sun damage, pregnancy, significant fluctuations in weight and genetic factors may contribute to poor tissue elasticity that can result in sagging of the buttocks. When performed correctly, the results are natural, harmonious, safe and permanent. If performed badly, the results may be disastrous and potentially lethal. Olivier Branford, an aesthetic and reconstructive plastic surgeon, provides an overview of buttock lifting and its safety, efficacy and indications.
Exploring language and labels in aesthetics: results of an online survey
Authors: Senior Amy
Published: October 2018

The language used by the aesthetic community varies greatly, with a lack of established labels on which everyone can agree. In this article, Amy Senior discusses the results of an online survey of PIAPA members and other practitioners into the language we use when we talk about aesthetics
Moving beyond selling a single product
Authors: Ratcliffe Jason
Published: October 2018

Getting your business off the ground, targeting your marketing and getting an established client base has likely taken a couple of years. As your brand grows, there will become a time when selling the same single product line starts to see sales plateau, limiting growth. In this article, Jason Ratcliffe discusses a strategy for branching out into new product lines to stimulate further growth.
Pensions law, auto-enrolment and non-compliance fines
Authors: Bernstein Adam
Published: October 2018

Pensions law has been changing over the last few years and a new regime—pensions auto-enrolment—is now in place. Auto-enrolment requires organisations to set up pension schemes for their staff and contribute on their behalf. Businesses who do not comply, even those with just one employee, are caught, and stiff penalties apply to those ignoring the rules
How to use case studies to effectively market your product or service
Authors: Clarke Gina
Published: October 2018

At a time when consumers are becoming more and more discerning, case studies can provide credible and reliable support for your product or service, and have a significant impact on sales. In this article, journalist Gina Clarke shares her knowledge and experience on why working with case studies is so important for the medical professional today, and how to do this effectively.
How can you make working with your partner work?
Authors: Eccleston David , Eccleston Annie , King Sharon , King Martyn , Whiteley Mark , Smith Victoria
Published: October 2018

Being able to work well as a team is crucial to the success of any business. But what if your colleague is also your partner? If done well, going into business with your partner could be a resounding success, but if done badly, it could put a strain on the relationship. In this section, three couples describe their experiences of working together in the medical aesthetics sector
Maximising outcomes with skin peels: products, preparation and procedures
Authors: Zanna Nikki
Published: October 2018

Skin peels have been used for many years to address visible signs of ageing and treat common dermatological conditions. Nikki Zanna discusses the role of aesthetic practitioners in the delivery of these treatments, outlines tried and tested ingredients, and introduces some of the newer components being used in modern peels. She also looks at the growing popularity of blended peels
Lip ideals and how to achieve them: restoring volume, fullness and definition
Authors: Miller Amy
Published: October 2018

Lip trends change over time and it is important that all injectors have a firm grasp of what their patients consider to be beautiful. Lip anatomy should also be respected when dermal filler injections are performed in order to achieve the safest and optimal outcomes. Amy Miller explores the use of various injection techniques and stresses the importance of avoiding complications
Enhanced safety and aesthetic outcomes: cannula technique versus sharp needle technique
Authors: Garrett Jordan
Published: October 2018

The popularity of dermal fillers continues to grow, and it is important that the aesthetic practitioner is aware of the safest and most effective techniques available in delivering this treatment. In this article, Jordan Garrett describes her experience of using cannula technique in the administration of injectables, as well as reviewing some of the relevant literature.
HISTÓRIA E MEMÓRIA DO INSTITUTO DE EDUCAÇÃO DE PERNAMBUCO
Authors: Simões José Luis , Figuerôa Ana Paula Rodrigues
Published: October 2018

O trabalho discute a transição da Escola Normal Oficial de Pernambuco para o Instituto de Educação de Pernambuco, hoje denominada Escola Sylvio Rabello. A pesquisa representa contribuição para a história das instituições de ensino do Recife, sobretudo para preservação da memória histórica de uma instituição escolar responsável pela formação de mestres das primeiras letras no século XX. A escola, como toda instituição social, sempre foi objeto de inúmeras pesquisas. Desde sua origem até os dias atuais busca-se conhecer a importância de tal instituição para a sociedade, uma vez que influencia na formação dos indivíduos. O objetivo é estudar a história da Escola Normal de Pernambuco até a criação do Instituto de Educação, levando em consideração as práticas pedagógicas, políticas, sociais e as transformações econômicas que consolidaram uma nova sociedade. Observar-se-á que nesse processo também houve a questão da inserção do gênero feminino, e é nessa conjuntura que se volta o olhar para refletir quais foram os motivos que levaram as mulheres a buscar, num ambiente extrafamiliar, uma formação intelectual oposta ao pensamento vigente à época em que, para a mulher, estava reservado o papel de mãe e de dona de casa. A pesquisa tem como referência renomados autores, entre eles: Le Goff e a forma de organização dos documentos; Michel Foucault e a questão do comportamento disciplinador; e Bassanezi, que ajuda a compreender como se dá esse processo de saída da mulher do lar para frequentar a sala de aula. Além das fontes apresentadas, recorrer-se- às ideias consolidadas e construídas por pesquisadores que dedicaram seus estudos à história da educação brasileira. Para responder às interrogações, a metodologia utiliza busca no arquivo do Instituto de Educação de Pernambuco-IEP, no arquivo público estadual e na Fundação Joaquim Nabuco-FUNDAJ. Ademais, a metodologia adotada envolve referências bibliográficas, relatos pessoais (entrevistas com normalistas), utilização de documentários, jornais da época; além da análise iconográfica, que  possibilita o conhecimento dos valores, dos costumes, das opiniões, as relações sociais e familiares vivenciadas pelas informantes.
LITERATURA E INFÂNCIA: A INTERTEXTUALIDADE NA PERSPECTIVA DO LEITOR
Authors: Brandão Claudia Leite , De Souza Renata Junqueira
Published: October 2018

Este trabalho fundamenta-se na relevância do convívio das crianças com a literatura infantil, por meio do ato de ler, contar e/ou ouvir as histórias, seja ainda pela possibilidade de formação humana. Assim, o artigo objetiva refletir sobre a importância da literatura infantil para apropriação de saberes socialmente construídos pelos pequenos leitores. Para isto, considerando que o gênero conto é repleto de personagens que encantam as crianças, seleciona-se a obra O carteiro chegou, de Janet Ahlberg & Allan Ahlberg, para demonstrar a inserção do real e/ou insólito, bem como as relações intertextuais com os contos maravilhosos presentes no enredo.
Halaman Sampul
Authors: Sampul Halaman
Published: October 2018

Cover, Dewan Redaksi, Daftar Isi
Halaman Belakang
Authors: Belakang Halaman
Published: October 2018

Petunjuk Penulisan, Cover Belakang
The Role of Standing Variation in the Evolution of Weedines Traits in South Asian Weedy Rice (Oryza spp.)
Authors: Huang Zhongyun , Kelly Shannon , Matsuo Rika , Li Lin-Feng , Li Yaling , Olsen Kenneth M , Jia Yulin , Caicedo Ana L
Published: October 2018

Weedy rice (Oryza spp.) is a problematic weed of cultivated rice (O. sativa) around the world. Recent studies have established multiple independent evolutionary origins of weedy rice, raising questions about the traits and genes that are essential for the evolution of this weed. Among world regions, South Asia stands out due to the heterogeneity of its weedy rice populations, which can be traced to at least three origins: two through de-domestication from distinct cultivated rice varieties, and one from local wild rice (O. rufipogon/O. nivara). Here we examine five traits considered typical of or advantageous to weedy rice in weedy, cultivated and wild rice samples from South Asia. We establish that convergence among all three weed groups occurs for easy seed shattering, red pericarp color, and compact plant architecture, suggesting that these traits are essential for weed success in the South Asian agricultural environment. A high degree of convergence for black hull color is also seen among weeds with wild ancestors and weeds evolved from the aus cultivated rice group. We also examine polymorphism in five known domestication candidate genes, and find that Rc and Bh4 are associated with weed seed pericarp color and hull color, respectively, and weedy alleles segregate in the ancestral populations, as do alleles for the seed dormancy-linked gene Sdr4. The presence of a domestication related allele at the seed shattering locus, sh4, in weedy rice populations with cultivated ancestry supports a de-domestication origin for these weedy groups, and raises questions about the reacquisition of the shattering trait in these weedy populations. Our characterization of weedy rice phenotypes in South Asia and their associated candidate genes contribute to the emerging understanding of the mechanisms by which weedy rice evolves worldwide, suggesting that standing ancestral variation is often the source of weedy traits in independently evolved groups, and highlighting the reservoir of genetic variation that is present in cultivated varieties as well as in wild rice, and its potential for phenotypic evolution.
Federalism and fragmentation: Addressing the possibilities of a food policy for Canada
Authors: Berger Richardson Sarah , Lambek Nadia
Published: October 2018

Canadian federalism poses unique challenges for the development of a national food policy. Under the Constitution Act, 1867, the federal government and the provinces are granted powers to govern exclusively in certain areas and to share jurisdiction in others. Where one level of government has exclusive jurisdiction, the other level of government is not permitted to interfere. However, good food system governance requires addressing policy coherence and coordination horizontally, across sectors such as agriculture, trade, health, finance, environment, immigration, fisheries, social protection, and vertically between the federal government, the provinces, and international and transnational actors. The development of a national food policy for Canada offers an opportunity to harmonize law and policymaking, and clarify the key roles that all levels of government play in the development and governance of food systems. This will require identifying sites of conflict and overlap, but also spaces for collaboration, coordination, and innovation. A national food policy will necessarily have to work within the constraints of Canadian constitutional law, but federalism and the division of powers can be harnessed to create a more just, equitable, democratic and sustainable food system.
Food for thought: How trade agreements impact the prospects for a national food policy
Authors: Smythe Elizabeth Ann
Published: October 2018

This article examines the prospect for a national food policy through the lens of trade agreements and the concept of policy space. It traces the shrinking of domestic policy space in recent decades as a result of trade agreements. Advocates such as Food Secure Canada seek a “coherent” food policy that supports a sustainable, more domestically-focused, food system. This article argues that the prospects for such a policy are constrained, based on Canada’s past history, under both Liberal and Conservative governments, as well as recent bilateral and regional agreements. It examines the Canada-European Union Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA), the Transpacific Partnership Agreement (TPP) which included the United States, and the subsequent Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) negotiated by the remaining eleven partners after the US departure. Focussing on market access, standards, regulatory harmonization and procurement, I argue that provisions in these agreements, along with what we might expect in future trade negotiations, pose challenges for the development of a national food policy.
Closing the loop on Canada's National Food Policy: A food waste agenda
Authors: Soma Tammara
Published: October 2018

In the near future, Canada will be implementing a national food policy; in doing so, it will be joining a growing number of countries with policies and strategies that address the growing problem of food waste. Food waste is a major economic drain estimated to cost Canada $31 billion dollars annually or $107 billion in true cost, when the costs of wasted water, energy, and resources are included (Gooch & Felfel, 2014). Despite the staggering cost, there is currently a limited number of scholars tackling the issue of food waste in Canada (Abdulla, Martin, Gooch, & Jovel, 2013; MacRae et al., 2016; Parizeau, von Massow, & Martin, 2015). Some of the leading think tanks and research institutions, such as the World Resources Institute (WRI), National Defence Research Council (NRDC), as well as inter-sectoral collaboratives such as Canada’s National Zero Waste Council (NZWC) have identified several priorities to address food waste. Key priorities include, but are not limited to: 1) education and awareness; 2) harmonizing food waste quantification through waste audits and establishing reduction targets; 3) addressing confusion over “best before” labels; 4) incentivizing surplus food donation; and 5) landfill bans on food waste. While these priorities are currently being debated and consulted upon in Canada, several countries around the world have already reached the implementation stage. Canada is therefore in a position to learn from the impacts of policies in other countries with a view to developing a more sustainable, systematic, and just approach to food waste prevention and reduction in Canada.
The need for contextual, place-based food policies: Lessons from Northwestern Ontario
Authors: Nelson Connie , Levkoe Charles Z. , Kakegamic Rachel
Published: October 2018

In recent years, several reports have highlighted the need for a national food policy that takes a comprehensive approach to addressing food systems (CAC, 2014; Levkoe & Sheedy, 2017; Martorell, 2017; UNGA, 2012). These findings suggest that, at the core, resilient food systems must be built on interconnected knowledge and experience that emerge from place-based interrelationships between human and ecological systems. Drawing on these important learnings, this commentary voices our hopes and concerns around the recent efforts of the Canadian Government to develop a food policy for Canada. While we commend the Government’s desire to “set a long-term vision for the health, environmental, social, and economic goals related to food, while identifying actions we can take in the short-term”, we caution any tendency to develop “best practices” that assume a universal, or “one-size fits all” approach to food policy development. We argue that Canada requires a set of contextual, place-based food policies that emerge from the grassroots, address local needs and desires, and build on the strengths and assets of communities.
Consideration of the Competing Factors in Calculations of the Characteristics of Non-Magnetic Degenerate Dwarfs
Authors: Vavrukh M. V. , Dzikovskyi D. V. , Smerechynskyi S. V.
Published: October 2018

Using the equation of state of the electron-nuclear model at high densities and the mechanical equilibrium equation, we have investigated the influence of interparticle interactions and the axial rotation on the macroscopic characteristics (mass, surface shape) of massive degenerate dwarfs. We propose a method of solving the equilibrium equation in the case of rotation that uses the basis of universal functions of the radial variable. The conditions, under which the axial rotation can compensate for a weight loss of the mass due to the Coulomb interactions, have been established. The maximal value of the relativistic parameter, at which the stability is disturbed, is determined within the general theory of relativity (GTR).
Optimal Temperature for Human Life Activity
Authors: Guslisty A. A. , Malomuzh N. P. , Fisenko A. I.
Published: October 2018

The optimal temperature for the human life activity has been determined, by assuming that this parameter corresponds to the most intensive oxygen transport in arteries and the most intensive chemical reactions in the cells. The oxygen transport is found to be mainly governed by the blood saturation with oxygen and the blood plasma viscosity, with the both parameters depending on the temperature and the acid-base balance in blood. Additional parameters affecting the erythrocyte volume and, accordingly, the temperature of the most intensive oxygen transport are also taken into account. Erythrocytes are assumed to affect the shear viscosity of blood in the same way, as impurity particles change the suspension viscosity. It is shown that theoptimal temperature equals 36.6 ∘C under normal environmental conditions. The dependence of the optimal temperature for the human life activity on the acid-base index is discussed.
Morphology and Optical Properties of Nanostructures Formed in Non-Stoichiometric CdI2 Crystals
Authors: Bolesta I. M. , Rovetskii I. N. , Velgosh S. R. , Rykhlyuk S. V. , Karbovnyk I. D. , Gloskovskaya N. V.
Published: October 2018

The morphology of nanostructures formed in non-stoichiometric CdI2 crystals has been studied, by using the atomic force microscopy methods. Morphological changes are observed, when the concentration of cadmium atoms approaches a non-stoichiometric threshold value of 0.1 mol%. The features in the phase composition of nanostructures are analyzed with the help of Raman and infrared absorption spectroscopies. The influence of the researched nanostructures on the optical characteristics of non-stoichiometric CdI2 crystals is analyzed.
Nanocellulose as the Main Composite Component of Electromechanical Sensors
Authors: Balabai R. M. , Zdeshchyts A. V.
Published: October 2018

Within the methods of the electron density functional and the ab initio pseudopotential, we have obtained the spatial distributions of the density of valence electrons, density of electron states, band gap, valence band, and charge for the cellulose-based model composite structures under mechanical influences, using authors’ program complex. It is determined that the electronic properties of composite structures based on nanocellulose can be controlled, for example, by changing the distance between the layers of composite components that happens during a mechanical compression or stretching.
Magnetoelastic Waves in Ferromagnets in the Vicinity of Lattice Structural Phase Transitions
Authors: Bar’yakhtar V. G. , Danilevich A. G.
Published: October 2018

The dispersion laws for coupled magnetoelastic waves in ferromagnets with uniaxial or cubic symmetry have been calculated. The features of obtained dispersion laws in the vicinity of spin-reorientation phase transitions are analyzed. The interaction between elastic and spin waves is shown to depend on the direction of the ferromagnet magnetic moment. The influence of the magnetoelastic interaction on the dispersion law of quasispin waves in the degenerate ground state of a uniaxial “easy plane” ferromagnet is studied. The results of calculations show that the magnetoelastic interaction eliminates the degeneration and leads to the appearance of a magnetoacoustic gap in the ferromagnet spectrum. The behavior of the spectra of coupled magnetoelastic waves in the vicinity of lattice phase transitions, namely, in the vicinity of martensitic phase transformations in materials with the shape memory effect, is analyzed. The obtained results are used to interpret experimental data obtained for the Ni–Mn–Ga alloy. The phenomenon of a drastic decrease of the elastic moduli for this alloy, when approaching the martensitic phase transition point is explained theoretically. It is shown that the inhomogeneous magnetostriction is the main factor affecting the elastic characteristics of the material concerned. A model dissipative function describing the relaxation processes associated with a damping of coupled magnetoelastic waves in ferromagnets with cubic or uniaxial symmetry is developed. It takes the symmetry of a ferromagnet into account and describes both the exchange and relativistic interactions in the crystal.
Better Pairing Propofol Volume With Procedural Needs: A Propofol Waste Reduction Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Kicker Jennifer S. , Hill Heather S. , Matheson Christina K.
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Propofol facilitates deep sedation without requiring intubation and is often used by infusion to maintain sedation. Variability in ordering and preparation strategies resulted in significant propofol volumes wasted at the conclusion of procedures in our clinic. With drug shortages now common, we designed a quality improvement initiative to reduce our propofol waste.

METHODS:

Data collection during the preintervention phase reflected current practice trends. Two propofol dosing tables (≥50 or <50 kg) were designed to estimate the volume of propofol infusion required for sedations spanning 15 to 180 minutes. Nurses prepared propofol infusions as directed by these tables. The primary outcome measure was reduction in waste when the infusion was prepared by standardized strategy versus usual practice. Balancing measures included occurrences of insufficient infusion volume and premature awakenings from deep sedation. Waste volumes were plotted and displayed chronologically in statistical process control charts for the clinic and individual providers.

RESULTS:

A total of 155 patients received a propofol infusion to maintain deep sedation. The preintervention phase included 77 patients, and the intervention phase included 78 patients. Special cause variation was achieved in the intervention phase. Median (interquartile range) propofol waste volume per procedure declined from 45.6 mL (24.3–71 mL) to 14.3 mL (9.6–19.4 mL), representing a 68% waste reduction.

CONCLUSIONS:

Using an internally derived systematic approach to ordering and preparing a propofol infusion, we reduced variability, reduced propofol waste, and created cost savings for our organization. This approach is tailorable to other infusions and clinical settings.
Parental Vaccine Hesitancy and Declination of Influenza Vaccination Among Hospitalized Children
Authors: Hofstetter Annika M. , Simon Tamara D. , Lepere Katherine , Ranade Daksha , Strelitz Bonnie , Englund Janet A. , Opel Douglas J.
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVES:

Parents frequently decline the influenza vaccine for their child during hospitalization. In this study, we aimed to assess the role of vaccine hesitancy in these declinations.

METHODS:

This cross-sectional survey study was conducted among English-speaking parents of influenza vaccine-eligible children who were hospitalized between October 2014 and April 2015. Between July 2015 and September 2015, parents were recruited via mail to complete the validated Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines (PACV) survey (modified for influenza vaccination). PACV scores (0–100 scale) were dichotomized into scores of ≥50 (hesitant) and <50 (nonhesitant). The primary outcome was parental declination of the influenza vaccine for their child during hospitalization. A secondary outcome was the declination reason documented during hospitalization. The main independent variable was parental vaccine hesitancy status, determined by the PACV score. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between vaccine hesitancy and influenza vaccine declination, adjusting for sociodemographic, visit, and clinical characteristics. The relationship between vaccine hesitancy and declination reason was also explored.

RESULTS:

Of 199 parents (18% response rate), 24% were vaccine hesitant and 53% declined the influenza vaccine for their child during hospitalization. Vaccine hesitancy (versus nonhesitancy) was associated with declining influenza vaccination (adjusted odds ratio: 6.4; 95% confidence interval: 2.5–16.5). The declination reason differed by vaccine hesitancy status, with a higher proportion of parents who were hesitant versus nonhesitant reporting “vaccine concern” or “vaccine unnecessary.”

CONCLUSIONS:

Vaccine hesitancy was prevalent in this limited sample of parents of hospitalized children and associated with influenza vaccine declination. Additional investigation in a large, diverse, prospectively recruited cohort is warranted given the potential sampling bias present in this study.
The Diagnostic Accuracy of In-Hospital Weight Gain for Differentiating Neglect From Other Failure to Thrive Etiologies
Authors: Puls Henry T. , Plencner Laura , Krager Molly , Frazier Terra N. , Hall Matt , Bettenhausen Jessica L.
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVES:

To investigate the association of in-hospital weight gain with failure to thrive (FTT) etiologies.

METHODS:

With this retrospective cross-sectional study, we included children <2 years of age hospitalized for FTT between 2009 and 2012 at a tertiary care children’s hospital. We excluded children with a gestational age <37 weeks, intrauterine growth restriction, acute illness, or preexisting complex chronic conditions. Average daily in-hospital weight gain was categorized as (1) below average or (2) average or greater for age. χ2, Fisher’s exact test, and 1-way analysis of variance tests were used to compare patient demographics, therapies, and FTT etiologies with categorical weight gain; multivariable logistic regression models tested for associations.

RESULTS:

There were 331 children included. The primary etiologies of FTT were neglect (30.5%), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (28.1%), child-centered feeding difficulties (22.4%), and organic pathology (19.0%). Average or greater weight gain for age had a specificity of 22.2% and positive predictive value of 33.9% for differentiating neglect from other FTT etiologies. However, sensitivity and negative predictive value were 91.1% and 85.0%, respectively. After adjusting for demographics and therapies received, neglect (P = .02) and child-centered feeding difficulties (P = .01) were more likely to have average or greater weight gain for age compared with organic pathology. Children with GERD gained similarly (P = .11) to children with organic pathology.

CONCLUSIONS:

In-hospital weight gain was nonspecific for differentiating neglect from other FTT etiologies. Clinicians should exercise caution when using weight gain alone to confirm neglect. Conversely, below average weight gain may be more useful in supporting GERD or organic pathologies but cannot fully rule out neglect.
Diagnosing and Managing Hirschsprung Disease in the Newborn
Authors: Westfal Maggie L. , Goldstein Allan M.
Published: October 2018

Hirschsprung disease is characterized by the absence of enteric ganglia in the distal bowel and is caused by the failure of enteric neural crest–derived cells to complete their craniocaudal migration along the intestine during embryogenesis. Neonates typically present with failure to pass meconium within the first 48 hours after birth. Diagnosis relies on rectal biopsy to document the presence of aganglionosis, and management requires surgical resection of the aganglionic segment. Despite advances in the diagnosis and management of the disease, patients remain at risk for long-term gastrointestinal morbidity, including obstructive symptoms, fecal incontinence, and enterocolitis, with negative implications on quality of life. Neuronal stem cell–based therapy is being explored as a novel treatment for this disease.
A Tool to Identify Adolescents at Risk of Cigarette Smoking Initiation
Authors: Sylvestre Marie-Pierre , Hanusaik Nancy , Berger David , Dugas Erika , Pbert Lori , Winickoff Jonathan , O’Loughlin Jennifer L.
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVES:

To describe the development of a prognostic tool to identify adolescents at risk for transitioning from never to ever smoking in the next year.

METHODS:

Data were drawn from the Nicotine Dependence in Teens study, a longitudinal investigation of adolescents (1999 to present). A total of 1294 students initially age 12 to 13 years were recruited from seventh-grade classes in 10 high schools in Montreal. Self-report questionnaire data were collected every 3 months during the 10-month school year over 5 years (1999–2005) until participants completed high school (n = 20 cycles). Prognostic variables for inclusion in the multivariable analyses were selected from 58 candidate predictors describing sociodemographic characteristics, smoking habits of family and friends, lifestyle factors, personality traits, and mental health. Cigarette smoking initiation was defined as taking even 1 puff on a cigarette for the first time, as measured in a 3-month recall of cigarette use completed in each cycle.

RESULTS:

The cumulative incidence of cigarette smoking initiation was 16.3%. Data were partitioned into a training set for model-building and a testing set to evaluate the performance of the model. The final model included 12 variables (age, 4 worry or stress-related items, 1 depression-related item, 2 self-esteem items, and 4 alcohol- or tobacco-related variables). The model yielded a c-statistic of 0.77 and had good calibration.

CONCLUSIONS:

This short prognostic tool, which can be incorporated into busy clinical practice, was used to accurately identify adolescents at risk for cigarette smoking initiation.