bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The typology of the nature values in the mining towns on the examples from the region of the Rybnik Coal Area
Authors: Pukowiec Katarzyna , Kurda Wojciech
Published: July 2015

Nature’s resources having a usability attribute are nature values – if they are able to provide for human demands that are being exploited. This article relates to the environmental potential of mining and post – mining areas as well as possibilities of its use in the development of tourisms and recreation. An original typology of the nature value and the assessment of the tourist usability of environment of chosen mining towns of the Rybnik Coal Area – Wodzisław Śląski, Radlin, Rydułtowy, and Pszów are presented in this work. The Rybnik Coal Area is situated in the southern Poland, in a south-west part of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. A geological substratum consists of Carboniferous rocks with a hard coal layer exploited from the end of 18th century, but more intensively in the last half-century. In all of the researched towns, hard coal mining is still running and anthropogenic processes changing the environment are taking place. An inventory of natural resources was performed during the direct field work in the years 2010-2011. The nature values were catalogued in a typological way according to the elements of the environment from which they result, focusing on the mining character of the research areas. Therefore, geologic, geomorphologic, hydrologic and biotic (of flora and fauna) have been highlighted, while climatic values have been omitted intentionally due to the vast issue of the assessment of the bioclimatic zone potential. Additionally, natural and anthropogenic elements were distinguished in each group of the values. Due to a significant degree of anthropogenic transformations of the environment, the analysed area is characterised by low environmental attractiveness; tourism and recreation play a marginal role there. Among the nature values of the analysed towns, the geologic qualities are the most significant ones. Therefore, geotourism is the form of tourist activity suggested to revive the region. The greatest potential for the development of geotourism is shown by Pszów, Radlin, Rydułtowy. The development and popularisation of geoturism should be included in the planning documents of the towns mentioned above. In order to increase tourist movement, it is suggested to mark up so-called academic-didactic paths and to mark geotourist object with appropriate information signs and more importantly with the development of infrastructure serving tourism and recreation.
Influence of morphology on the ventilation of polluted areas – a case study from Rybnik Plateau, Poland
Authors: Radosz Jolanta
Published: July 2015

In the present study an attempt was made to determine the degree of effective ventilation of the valleys in the area of the Rybnik Plateau, based on the example of the environs of Jastrzębie Zdrój, a city with high air pollution. For the analysis of the conditions of airing of valleys the areas with different physico-geographical characteristics, primarily in terms of density of the valley network, origin and morphology of the valleys, and type of surface deposits were selected. 49 cross-valley profiles were drawn for the selected valleys; on the basis of the profiles the following parameters were calculated: the distances between the edges of each valley, valley bottom width, and depth of the valleys. The degree of ventilation of each valley was calculated after the formulae of Kaps (1955) and Błażejczyk (1975). The lowest values of the index of effective ventilation were recorded almost in all main loessial valleys in the southern part of the area. This indicates their weak or even extremely weak degree of ventilation. The valleys in the remaining area, open predominantly to N and E, are most commonly aired to a sufficient degree. This is determined by their morphology, especially smaller depth, smaller relative heights and higher mean wind speed. The example presented in this study shows that the index of effective ventilation, even if it is calculated for a relatively small area, reflects the characteristics of the local environment extremely well which is relevant from the perspective of the movement of contaminated air.
The role of anthropogenic water reservoirs within the landscapes of mining areas – a case study from the western part of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin
Authors: Jaruchiewicz Ewelina
Published: July 2015

A few thousand anthropogenic water reservoirs can be found in the area of the Upper Silesian Coal Basis (USCB) located in southern Poland. In this paper the role of such anthropogenic lakes in the landscape of the western part of the USCB was presented and illustrated with the example of Knurów, a mining city, and its immediate surrounding area. The study of landscape changes in this area was carried out on the basis of archival and contemporary cartographic materials, historical sources, and interviews with inhabitants and direct field observations. It was found that the origin of the majority of the water reservoirs is related to hard coal, clay and sand mining. They were created primarily as a result of filling subsidence basins and post-mining excavations with water, as well as being the result of the construction of various hydro-technical facilities (settling ponds, fire protection water reservoirs, etc.) In the study area the anthropogenic water reservoirs are of different sizes, shapes and durability and play different roles in the environment. Between 1884 and 2001 their number increased 25-fold, while at the same time their total surface area increased more than 8-fold. The role of the newly created water reservoirs in the landscape primarily involves the transformation of the existing terrestrial ecosystems into wetland ecosystems. The agro-forestry landscape of the late 19th century was transformed into a typically anthropogenic landscape with a dominant share of water reservoirs, settlement ponds and mining waste heaps. The most common species of plants around the water reservoirs are Phragmites australis, Typha latifolia, Ceratophyllum demersum, Elodea canadensis, Potamogeton natans, Lemna sp., Acorus calamus, Myriophyllum verticillatum, Sagittaria sagittifolia, Alisma plantago-aquatica and Glyceria aquatica. The most valuable elements of the flora include Trapa natans and Ruppia maritima, species recognized in Poland as threatened with extinction. Changes in the vegetation cover can be considered favourable since the analysed area is currently characterised by greater biodiversity. Reservoirs are in general positively perceived by residents and used for recreational purposes.
Processes of economic restructuring and functional transformations of an industrial city based on the city of Żory, Poland
Authors: Magda-Żabińska Krystyna
Published: July 2015

For decades the Silesian voivodeship has played a key role in the development of the economy of Poland. Its central area is occupied by an old industrial region which has been developed since the 19th century on the basis of coal mining and the processing of iron, zinc and lead ores. As a result of the political transformation of the country, after 1989, the region was faced with a difficult economic situation – a significant reduction in production was recorded and numerous unprofitable obsolete mines and steelworks were decommissioned. Since then, the economy of the Silesian region has been subject to restructuring and revitalization. This article presents this process as illustrated by a representative city – Żory. This is one of the oldest cities in the region which was established in the Middle Ages (1272). For centuries, its inhabitants were engaged in agriculture, fish breeding and trade. Its industrial development started with the construction of the ironworks at the beginning of the 19th century, but the investments after the Second World War were of greatest importance to the city. At that time the “Fadom” factory, two hard coal mines – “Żory” and “Krupiński” – and a plant known as Zakład Tworzyw Sztucznych ERG (Synthetic Fibres Works “ERG”) were constructed. After the political and economic changes of 1989 the economy of the city required urgent restructuring. The change of the function of the city of Żory proceeded gradually, but the creation of economic areas and zones, especially the establishment of the Jastrzębie Zdrój and Żory Subzone of the Katowice Special Economic Zone (1996) and Żory Industrial Park (2004), were of crucial importance to the development of the city. Over the past 20 years the city of Żory has changed from a city dependent on the extractive industries, without signs of a developed urban infrastructure, to a centre of a varied structure of production. Employment in industry and construction decreased from 65.5% to 36.3%, and doubled in the case of services. The private sector currently comprises 75% of all economic entities – most of the companies are small or medium-sized enterprises up to 250 employees.
Revitalisation of spoil tips and socio-economic polarisation – a case study of Ruhr area (Germany)
Authors: Chmielewska Marta , Otto Marius
Published: July 2015

The paper discusses issues about the revitalisation of spoil tips, socio-economic polarisation and social exclusion in the field of municipal recreational activities based on an example of the largest post-industrial region in Europe – the Ruhr area in Germany. Revitalisation of brownfield areas very often leads to the creation of leisure facilities of various types (with a range of entrance fees) and because of this it may mitigate, or exacerbate, the severity of these negative phenomena. In the Ruhr area there are 104 spoil tips of different origins (mine tips, slag heaps, rubbish dumps), sizes and shapes (from conical heaps, through table mountains shaped tips and intentionally shaped for landscape tips, to major tips) and state of preservation. The research has shown that it is possible to use the majority of these spoil tips in the Ruhr area (87 of them) as leisure facilities as they have been changed into green areas, parks, playgrounds, locations for sports activities and tourist attractions after their restoration. Furthermore, they are mostly accessible free of charge and may serve a wide range of people – from locals to visitors, from children to senior citizens etc., regardless of their income. As such they may mitigate the socio-economic polarisation tendencies in the region.
Intentional introduction of Biscutella laevigata L. on the post-flotation lead-zinc ore spoil heap in Piekary Śląskie (Upper Silesia, Southern Poland)
Authors: Rostański Adam
Published: July 2015

The paper presents an account of the successful intentional introduction of the mountain species Biscutella laevigata to a lowland locality, as a result of field experiment - biological management at the toxic “Dołki” washery spoil heap (Lead and Zinc Ore Main and Factory) ZGH “Orzeł Biały” (Upper Silesia – Southern Poland). The aim of the presented study was to test the effectiveness possibilities of using the blend of seeds including a metallophyte – Biscutella laevigata seeds. The introduction of Biscutella laevigata was a part of an experiment which began in 2009-2010 with plots on the "Dolki" washery spoil heap. The tested seeds of Biscutella laevigata were examined for germination, growth and development in sites highly polluted with heavy metals. Biscutella laevigata appeared on two experimental plots. After 4 years there were numerous individuals of Biscutella – dozens of plants in various stages of development and phenology. Development of a Biscutella population from year to year (2 plants in 2010 – 58 plants in 2014) is larger and tends to increase. Biscutella individuals are spreading outside the designated test plots. The obtained results indicate that on sites highly polluted with heavy metals it is possible to perform a successful introduction of Biscutella laevgata population (increase from 2 individuals in 2010 to 58 individuals in 2014) from seeds. These results are also promising in terms of application as a new reclamation method.
Mineral carbonation of metallurgical slags
Authors: Kasina Monika , Kowalski Piotr R. , Michalik Marek
Published: July 2015

Due to increasing emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere number of methods are being proposed to mitigate the risk of climate change. One of them is mineral carbonation. Blast furnace and steel making slags are co-products of metallurgical processes composed of minerals which represent appropriate source of cations required for mineral carbonation. Experimental studies were performed to determine the potential use of slags in this process. Obtained results indicate that steel making slag can be a useful material in CO2 capture procedures. Slag components dissolved in water are bonded as stable carbonates in the reaction with CO2 from ambient air. In case of blast furnace slag, the reaction is very slow and minerals are resistant to chemical changes. More time is needed for minerals dissolution and release of cations essential for carbonate crystallisation and thus makes blast furnace slags less favourable in comparison with steel making slag.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[(µ2-chlorido)-bis(N-ethyl,N-hydroxyethylcarbamodithioato-κ2S,S')bismuth(III) monohydrate], C10H22BiClN2O3S4
Authors: Jamaluddin Nur Amirah , Baba Ibrahim , Halim Nadiah Abdul , Tiekink Edward R. T.
Published: July 2015

C10H22BiClN2O3S4, orthorhombic, Pca21 (no. 29), a = 8.1121(4) Å, b = 10.8634(5) Å, c = 20.7900(9) Å, V = 1832.1 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0278, wRref(F2) = 0.0574, T = 100 K.
Crystal structure of 2,2'-biqinoline-κ2N,N')dichloromercury(II), C18H12Cl2HgN2
Authors: Shirvan Sadif A. , Sadr Moayad Hossaini , Zare Karim
Published: July 2015

C18H12Cl2HgN2, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 13.442(1) Å, b = 16.094(1) Å, c = 7.585(1) Å, β = 96.26(1)°, V = 1631.1 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0458, wRref(F2) = 0.0813, T = 298 K.
Water–surface interactions and definitions for hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity and superhydrophobicity
Authors: Law Kock-Yee
Published: July 2015

Hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity are among the most important concepts in surface chemistry. Samuel and co-workers reported the measure of interactive forces between water and 20 different surfaces using the microbalance technique. Results showed that the wetting force correlates well to the advancing contact angle (θA), the larger the θA the lower the surface wettability. The adhesion force, measured when the water and surface first separates, correlates well to the receding contact angle (θR), the larger the θR the smaller the surface adhesion. The data also reveals that small residual water droplets are observed after the water droplet and the surface separate for surfaces with θR < 90°. This indicates high water affinity for these surfaces. No residual water droplet is observed for surfaces with θR > 90°. From the basic meaning of philicity-phobicity, θR∼90° is proposed as the new cut-off between hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity. The main driver for hydrophobicity is attributed to the high water surface tension. The merit of this proposed definition is discussed. Since wetting interaction becomes zero at θA ≥ 145°, surfaces with θR > 90° and θA ≥ 145° can further be defined as superhydrophobic. The extension of this approach to define oleophilicity/phobicity and superoleophobicity with hexadecane is discussed.
Singlet oxygen and natural substrates: functional polyunsaturated models for the photooxidative degradation of carotenoids
Authors: Griesbeck Axel G. , Kleczka Margarethe , de Kiff Alan , Vollmer Moritz , Eske Angelika , Sillner Sarah
Published: July 2015

The primary chemical reactions of singlet molecular oxygen with polyunsaturated carotenoids are the focus of this research report. Model compounds that exhibit electronic properties and substituent pattern similar to natural carotenes, xanthophylls or apocarotenoids, respectively, were investigated with regard to photooxygenation reactivity. For dienes and trienes as substrates, high tandem reactivity was observed and hydroperoxy-endoperoxides were isolated as the secondary products of singlet oxygen reaction. The electronic gem-effect on the regioselectivity of the ene reaction is conserved also in vinylogous positions and thus appears to originate from a radical-stabilizing effect. In an attempt to combine different peroxide groups derived from natural products as a tool for new pharmaceutically active products, a dyade synthesis of an artemisinine-safranol with subsequent singlet oxygen addition was realized.
Hoplothrips carpathicus PELIKÁN, 1961 (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) – a new thrips species in the Polish fauna
Authors: Kucharczyk Halina , Wyrozumski Łukasz
Published: July 2015

Hoplothrips carpathicus PELIKÁN, 1961 was recorded for the first time in Poland in two localities: in the Białowieża National Park and in the Bieszczady National Park. It was captured using IBL2 screen traps at both sites. The diagnostic characteristics of the macropterous females found in Poland were compared with the micropterous holotype described in Slovakia. Key features are illustrated and data on the distribution of this species in Europe is appended
Descriptions of new taxa in Otiorhynchus GERMAR, 1822 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae: Otiorhynchini)
Authors: Białooki Piotr Z.
Published: July 2015

A new subgenus Podorhynchus subgen. n. (type species Otiorhynchus cylindricus STIERLIN, 1877) of the genus Otiorhynchus, until now confused with Podonebistus REITTER, 1912, is described. Otiorhynchus (Podonebistus) trichopterus sp. n. from Crete, Otiorhynchus granicus sp. n. from Turkey and O. idhaeus sp. n. from Crete (both species in the subgenus Choilisanus REITTER, 1912) are described. Otiorhynchus cylindricus STIERLIN, 1877, O. fortiscapus ARNOLDI, 1972, O. glolae ARNOLDI, 1972, O. korotyaevi DAVIDIAN & GÜLTEKIN, 2006, and O. ritsae ARNOLDI, 1972, all currently placed in the subgenus Podonebistus are transferred to the newly erected subgenus Podorhynchus
Traditional Use of Plants by the Disappearing Czech Diaspora in Romanian Banat
Authors: Vlková M. , Kubátová E. , Šlechta P. , Polesný Z.
Published: July 2015

Most of the ethnobotanical research is dedicated to food and medicinal plants, while the other categories, such as plants used as materials, veterinary remedies or fodder remain neglected. This trend dominates in East Europe where linguistic approach prevails, while ethnographical one stays under-explored, though the heritage of the 19th century was impressive. Field data were collected through in-depth individual semi-structured interviews with the last remaining ethnic Czechs living in Romanian Banat and triangulated with extensive participant observation. The aims of this study were to document and preserve local knowledge pertaining to the use of traditional cultivated and wild plants. The study focused on under-documented use categories, hence, food and medicinal plants were excluded. In total, 56 plant species were cited by informants. The paper also highlights vernacular names, phytonyms, and particularly interesting uses of plant resources or related aspects not described previously or under-reported in the literature. The authors conclude that the ethnobotanical knowledge still survives as a part of the cultural heritage of the Czech diaspora. However, several interesting uses are only practiced by elderly people, the knowledge is ageing, and is likely to vanish fairly soon.
Garlic Sulfur Compounds Suppress Cancerogenesis and Oxidative Stress: a Review
Authors: Dvořáková M. , Weingartová I. , Nevoral J. , Němeček D. , Krejčová T.
Published: July 2015

Garlic has long been considered a food with many health benefits. Several studies have confirmed that sulfur compounds are responsible for the positive effects of garlic on organisms. Garlic acts as an antioxidant by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity, reducing reactive oxygen species generation, and protecting proteins and lipids from oxidation. Garlic suppresses carcinogenesis through several mechanisms: (1) it reduces oxidative stress, and therefore, prevents damage to DNA; (2) it induces apoptosis or cell cycle arrest in cancer cells; and (3) it modifies gene expression through histon acetylation. The positive effects of garlic could be mediated by several mechanisms. It influences signalling pathways of gasotransmitters such as hydrogen sulfide. Garlic enhances hydrogen sulfide production both through its direct release and through an increase in activity of enzymes which produce hydrogen sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide acts as a signalling molecule in various tissues and participates in the regulation of many physiological processes. We can presume that garlic, which is able to release hydrogen sulfide, exhibits effects similar to those of this gasotransmitter.
Identifying the Disadvantaged Regions for Concentrated State Support Using the DEA Method
Authors: Brožová H. , Hornická A.
Published: July 2015

The governmental approach to the selection of the Czech regions (NUTS 4) for the state support distribution is analyzed and the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model is proposed. A set of used indicators, their dependence or independence, and their availability in the statistical databases of the Czech Statistical Office are examined. The results of the selection method used by the Czech government (Simple Additive Weighting method with the linear scale transformation procedure based on reference variant) and the results provided by the proposed DEA model (covering both the used indicators and a proposed set of indicators) are compared. All results indicate that the DEA method is a useful tool for the ranking of the regions and for the selection of the regions intended for the concentrated state support. Its advantage is that the weights of the indicators (inputs and outputs) should not be estimated subjectively before computation
The Cost Monitoring of the Construction Machinery with Using the Stochastic Progress-Based S-curves
Authors: Krajňák Marek , Bašková Renáta
Published: July 2015

Contribution presents methodology for evaluating at-completion project performance status. Accurate cost and schedule project forecasts are difficult to generate when considering the impact of such events as unforeseen cost changes, material delays, scope deviation, changes to the project execution plan and poor subcontractor performance. In reality, the original estimate may be considered the first project forecast and at the point of project completion, the latest updated estimate (last forecast) and the actual amount of what is being expended should be the same. Final project performance is determined by comparing the planned budget and project duration, with the expected forecasted final budget and elapsed time. The stochastic S-curve methodology permits objective evaluation of project performance without the limitations inherent in a deterministic approach. This paper used the stochastic S curve to monitor the cost and time consumption in operation of the construction machines. The contribution presents a partial outcome from the dissertation thesis called the Interactive tools for resource optimization in construction.
Selected findings from parametric studies determining the resistance of concrete panels in real terms
Authors: Hegedüsová Iveta , Sabol Peter , Priganc Sergej
Published: July 2015

In the article selected results of parametric analysis of lightened reinforced concrete panels used in agricultural objects are presented. The aim of the analysis was to devise a parametric model that can be later on used for the simulation of behaviour of real ceiling panels when changing predefined parameters.
Binary Mixtures of Hydrogen-Bonded Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals: Thermal Span Enhancement in Smectic X* Phase
Authors: Sangameswari Gopal , Sathya Prabu Nataraj Pongali , Madhu Mohan Mathukumalli Lakshmi Narayana
Published: July 2015

Thermotropic hydrogen-bonded ferroelectric binary liquid crystal mixtures comprising of N-carbamyl-l-glutamic acid (CGA) and p-n-alkyloxy benzoic acids (BAO) are investigated. Variation in the molar proportion of X and Y (where X=CGA+5BAO and Y=CGA+9BAO, CGA+10BAO, CGA+11BAO, and CGA+12BAO) comprising of four series yielded 36 binary mixtures. Optical and thermal properties of these mixtures are meticulously studied in the present article. In addition to the traditional phases, a novel smectic ordering namely smectic X* is observed in all the four series. The aim of the investigation is to obtain abundance occurrence of smectic X* with a large thermal span, and hence, the proportions of the binary mixtures are so chosen that the prelude task is accomplished. Optical tilt angle in smectic X* and smectic C* phases is experimentally determined, and a theoretical fit is performed. Phase diagrams of the four series are constructed from the data obtained from the differential scanning calorimetry and correlated with the phases recorded by the polarising optical microscope studies. Thermal stability factor and thermal equilibrium are also premeditated.
An alternative chronology for the art of Chauvet cave
Authors: Pettitt Paul , Bahn Paul
Published: July 2015

It is now 20 years since the discovery of the Grotte Chauvet with its impressive cave art, but controversy continues over the antiquity of the images. Radiocarbon assays have been used to argue that the ‘black series’ charcoal drawings date to the Aurignacian period, more than 20 000 years earlier than traditional stylistic models would suggest. This paper questions the validity of the radiometric dating and cautions against reliance solely on the date of the charcoal. Instead, the authors propose an alternative chronology for the art of Chauvet based on stylistic comparanda, palaeontological remains and stratigraphic evidence.
Shuidonggou localities 1 and 2 in northern China: archaeology and chronology of the Initial Upper Palaeolithic in north-east Asia
Authors: Keates Susan G. , Kuzmin Yaroslav V.
Published: July 2015

Shuidonggou localities 1 and 2 provide key evidence for the Initial Upper Palaeolithic of north-east Asia. In a recent article inAntiquity(87 (2013), 368–383), Liet al.proposed a new chronology, building on the earlier results of Madsenet al.(Antiquity75 (2001), 705–716). Here Susan Keates and Yaroslav Kuzmin take issue with the new chronology. The article is followed by a response from Li and Gao.
Tikal Reports: the series continues
Authors: Hammond Norman
Published: July 2015

The University of Pennsylvania Museum's Tikal Project of 1958–1968 was one of the great Maya investigations of the twentieth century. It was the most ambitious study of a Maya city so far undertaken, with scores of staff, graduate students and local workers engaged in a range of activities from mapping the site core and its surrounding settlement, to stripping the tropical forest from the colossal temple-pyramids and restoring them, to establishing an occupation history that eventually showed an origin for Tikal in the mid-first millennium BC and abandonment more than sixteen centuries later at the end of the Classic period. The impact of the project's results, publications and cadre of trained Mayanists moving out into the academic world was substantial and led to several decades of a Tikal-centric view of ancient Maya civilisation.
Análisis del canon eólico de Galicia al hilo de las últimas resoluciones del Tribunal Superior de Justicia
Authors: Rodríguez Losada Soraya
Published: July 2015

El canon eólico de Galicia es un impuesto medioambiental propio de la Comunidad Autónoma que grava la contaminación paisajística provocada por la instalación de aerogeneradores utilizados en la producción de energía eólica.La adecuación de su regulación a la Constitución española vendrá dada por una serie de factores. En primer lugar, no puede existir duplicidad impositiva con otros tributos locales (art. 6.3 de la LOFCA). En segundo lugar, deben respetarse los principios constitucionales que informan la idoneidad de un tributo, entre los que se encuentra el de generalidad, igualdad o seguridad jurídica. En tercer lugar, tiene que existir una relación lógica entre el hecho imponible, el objeto del tributo y el mecanismo de cuantificación del canon, de modo que todos ellos estén orientados a evitar la contaminación visual provocada por la instalación de aerogeneradores. Y, finalmente, las cantidades recaudadas tendrán que afectarse a actuaciones de prevención y reparación del daño medioambiental ocasionado en los municipios más afectados.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.15304/dereito.24.1.2294
Le notariat au Québec: rupture et continuité dans la tradition civiliste
Authors: Chikoc Barreda Naiví
Published: July 2015

Dans la tradition civiliste, le notaire est un officier public et un professionnel du droit qui reçoit de l’État une parcelle de son autorité pour l’authentification de faits et d’actes juridiques. Or, l’institution notariale présente au Québec depuis 1621 assume à l’intérieur du système civiliste des traits caractéristiques distinctifs en raison du contexte particulier dans lequel elle a évolué. La conquête de la Nouvelle-France par les Anglais en 1760 laissa le notariat québécois orphelin au milieu d’un continent dominé par les principes de la common law. Ainsi détaché de ses racines françaises et influencé par l’entourage nord-américain, le notariat québécois revêt une physionomie particulière qui marque la rupture et la continuité de la tradition civiliste en territoire canadien.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.15304/dereito.24.1.2372
Recargo de prestaciones por carencia de medidas de seguridad: criterios determinantes del porcentaje aplicable
Authors: Romeral Hernández Josefa
Published: July 2015

El porcentaje a imponer en el recargo de prestaciones por incumplimientos de medidas preventivas debe ser proporcional y guiado por criterios normativos. Los criterios jurídicos de referencia son: la peligrosidad de las actividades, número de trabajadores afectados y la actitud o conducta de la empresa en materia preventiva.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.15304/dereito.24.1.2602
Reacciones fisiológicas y neuroquímicas del alcoholismo
Authors: Arias Duque Rodrigo
Published: July 2015

Desde el punto de vista farmacológico, es importante comprender qué es el alcohol y cómo actúa en el organismo. No existe una causa simple, sino una interacción complicada de factores neuroquímicos, fisiológicos, psicológicos y sociales que originan y desarrollan esta grave enfermedad fármaco-dependiente. La acción psicofisiológica y farmacodinámica del alcohol es fundamentalmente depresiva, por la reducción de la transmisión sináptica en el sistema nervioso humano. Es un hecho conocido que el consumo excesivo de alcohol causa una disfunción aguda y crónica del cerebro, produciendo trastornos en el sistema nervioso central, presentando alteraciones en la memoria y en las funciones intelectuales como cálculo, comprensión y aprendizaje. A nivel hepático tiene lugar, en su mayoría, el metabolismo del alcohol, produciéndose un hígado graso alcohólico, aumentando el tamaño, terminando en necrosis e inflamación grave del hígado; esto se llama hepatitis alcohólica, y si se sigue consumiendo alcohol se desarrollará la cirrosis. El alcohol también ha estado relacionado con alteraciones del miocardio; se ha constatado en animales de experimentación sanos que tanto la velocidad de contracción del músculo cardiaco y su máxima tensión disminuyen en presencia del alcohol, como consecuencia, la fuerza de cada contracción y el aumento de presión en el ventrículo izquierdo son menores, perdiendo eficacia el corazón como bomba.

Palabras clave: alcoholismo, fisiología, neuroquímica, cirrosis, drogradicción, excitabilidad.
Evolución y orientación sexual
Authors: Soler Franklin Giovanni
Published: July 2015

La teoría evolutiva propuesta por Darwin sugiere el mecanismo de la selección natural para explicar la forma como las especies se adaptaron, sobrevivieron y evolucionaron, y el mecanismo de la selección sexual para explicar su reproducción. De esta manera, postula que los rasgos adaptativos son reproducidos más sucesivamente que los rasgos desadaptativos. De acuerdo con esto, la selección natural debería favorecer la heterosexualidad, pues ésta facilita la reproducción y la propagación de genes. Pero ¿qué sucede con la orientación sexual que no favorece la tesis darwiniana (por ejemplo, la homosexualidad) y por qué se ha mantenido? La investigación en esta área se ha centrado en aspectos hormonales, de diferenciación cerebral y genéticos, arrojando resultados inconsistentes. Se parte de la tesis de que la orientación sexual humana, en particular la orientación homosexual, es tan compleja como para ser descrita y explicada tan solo por un modelo o una disciplina. Se hace una revisión de las diferentes áreas de investigación sobre orientación sexual y se sugiere la incapacidad de las teorías evolutivas para dar cuenta de ella.

Palabras clave: evolución, orientación sexual, selección natural, selección sexual, homosexualidad, heterosexualidad, bisexualidad.
Autoeficacia, ansiedad y rendimiento académico en adolescentes
Authors: Contreras Françoise , Espinosa Juan Carlos , Esguerra Gustavo , Haikal Andrea , Polanía Alejandra , Rodríguez Adriana
Published: July 2015

Este estudio tuvo como propósito determinar si las variables psicológicas percepción de autoeficacia y ansiedad guardan relación con el rendimiento académico en un grupo de 120 estudiantes de secundaria de un colegio privado de Bogotá. Para ello, se aplicó la Escala de Autoeficacia Generalizada [EAG] y el Cuestionario de Ansiedad Estado - Rasgo [STAI]. Los resultados evidenciaron que la autoeficacia está asociada directamente con el rendimiento académico general, mientras que la ansiedad no. Al examinar por áreas de conocimiento, se encontró que tanto la autoeficacia como la ansiedad resultan ser significativas para la predicción del rendimiento académico. Se discute el papel contextual de la ansiedad así como de su posible mediación en la autoeficacia y el rendimiento académico.

Palabras clave: autoeficacia, ansiedad y rendimiento académico.
Psicoterapia sistémica, psicología y responsabilidad social: la hipótesis de la convergencia entre sabiduría y conocimiento técnico
Authors: Estupiñán Mojica Jairo
Published: July 2015

La versión moderna de la psicoterapia como un asunto técnico ha conducido a la psicología, en el campo de la clínica y la salud mental, a exigirse una ética de la previsión en la acción y reconocer la emergencia del principio de la responsabilidad, ajustada a las circunstancias humanas propias del encuentro terapéutico. En este contexto, la ponencia se centra en reflexionar sobre una vieja y nueva hipótesis: la convergencia entre la sabiduría y el conocimiento técnico; por lo tanto, presentamos de manera sucinta las dimensiones conceptuales y pragmáticas en las que se fundamentan la psicoterapia sistémica para resolver el dilema. Éstas son entre otras las dimensiones a mostrar: la vulnerabilidad de la naturaleza humana y la heurística de la fragilidad; las distinciones entre los dominios técnicos y el saber ecológico como fundamento; la moral y la ética más allá del individuo, es decir, la ética ecológica y, por último, el saber de lo posible como principio fundante del encuentro humano. El análisis anterior pretende mostrar la visión de una psicología relacional, simbólica y compleja que pretende resolver las preocupaciones epistemológicas de la psicología en la modernidad.

Palabras clave: terapia sistémica, conocimiento técnico, psicología relacional, psicopatología, heurística, fragilidad.
Aportes de la teoría literaria estructuralista en la distinción de los conceptos de relato, narración y discurso, y sus consecuencias para el enfoque construccionista social
Authors: Héndez Puerto Norma Rocío , González Gutiérrez Luís Felipe
Published: July 2015

El presente artículo da a conocer los primeros resultados y avances del proyecto de investigación "Comprensión de las teorías literarias estructuralistas y postestructuralistas en el desarrollo del yo narrador dentro del enfoque construccionista social". Dentro del discurso construccionista social se utilizan con frecuencia y de manera significativa los términos narración y relato. A partir del uso común que se les da en el discurso estructuralista es posible profundizar respecto a su relación y sus diferencias con el discurso construccionista social, tanto en su nivel investigativo como en su nivel interventivo. Como resultado de esta revisión conceptual se delinean relaciones de inclusión en las narraciones como manifestación de relatos socialmente significativos, y se plantean algunas ideas del discurso como matriz de producción para los relatos, los cuales generan narraciones con sentido dentro de las relaciones humanas.

Palabras clave: relato, narración, discurso, estructuralismo, construccionismo social.
Aproximaciones a la construcción de un modelo de formación por competencias como interventores de sistemas humanos para estudiantes de psicología de último año
Authors: Castañeda Cantillo Ana Elvira , Abreo Ortiz Ana Mercedes , Parra Benavides Felipe
Published: July 2015

En este artículo los autores buscan aproximarse a la creación de un modelo docente de formación de psicólogos que incluye el desarrollo de competencias desde la perspectiva sistémica y la modelización. Se diseñaron escenarios de formación por equipos y se establecieron niveles de observación/reflexión, los cuales construyeron una red ecológica entre estudiantes, docentes, familias y escenarios de prácticas, que se encuentran interconectados en las supervisiones. Las competencias que emergen de este modelo son la autorreferencia, el diseño de estrategias para el cambio, su mantenimiento y el impacto social de éste, a partir de la redefinición interaccional de los problemas.

Palabras clave: formación, competencias, ecosistémico, modelización, pensamiento abductivo y cambio.
Pensamientos de un violador en serie
Authors: Urrá Javier
Published: July 2015

El presente artículo corresponde a un estudio de caso, en el que el autor describe material obtenido de trabajar directamente con V.S.R., con el fin de ilustrar los pensamientos de un violador en serie y, a la vez, esclarecer algunos elementos teóricos del psicópata. El documento describe a V.S.R. como un condenado a pena de prisión de 20 años por tres violaciones consumadas, al cumplir 23 años y estando en un centro de reforma, puede reingresar a prisión o bien quedar en la calle con una medida de libertad vigilada. Se solicita informe del Psicólogo Forense adscrito a la Fiscalía para su evaluación y orientación de la medida. A través de las entrevistas y análisis del expediente llegaremos a conocer los verdaderos pensamientos y patología de un agresor sexual reiterativo.

Palabras clave: agresor sexual, psicópata, entrevista, forma de pensar
Reflexiones sobre la representación social de la psicología en un barrio de baja renta
Authors: Bosetto Cendi Claudia Mara
Published: July 2015

Este artículo pretende reflexionar sobre la representación social de psicólogo en las personas de un barrio de baja renta, localizado en una ciudad del interior de la región norte del Estado de Río Grande do Sul, Brasil. Con la intención de dar cuenta de esta temática fueron realizadas veintitrés entrevistas semi-estructuradas en visitas domiciliarias a las familias del barrio. Los resultados indicaron que la mayoría de los participantes de la investigación no posee representación de lo que puede ser un psicólogo. Psicólogo/psicología son entendidos como algo lejano a esos moradores y por esta razón es difícil de ser representado. Los diálogos refieren una representación social unida a "alguna cosa mental", al profesional que desarrolla un trabajo más relacionado con niños en edad escolar con problemas de adaptación, o a adultos con problemas.

Palabras clave: representación social, psicología, barrio de baja renta.
Evolución de la competencia social
Authors: Naranjo Meléndez Adriana
Published: July 2015

El objetivo de este documento es revisar las explicaciones que ofrece la psicología evolucionista acerca de distintos elementos de la competencia social. Se presenta una visión general de esta perspectiva psicológica, junto con aportes investigativos sobre evolución de estructuras neurobiológicas, teorías sobre las ventajas y los costos adaptativos de la conducta social y explicaciones relacionadas con la cooperación y el altruismo, entre otros. También se analiza el concepto de inteligencia social y el fenómeno de la culpa en humanos comparadamente con otras especies. Se concluye con una evaluación del estado actual de conocimientos sobre la competencia social desde las aproximaciones evolucionistas y con algunos lineamientos metodológicos y teóricos básicos.

Palabras clave: competencia social, altruismo, cooperación, evolución, similaridad, compatibilidad, culpa.
Evaluación de un programa de educación sexual con adolescentes: una perspectiva cualitativa
Authors: Fernández María Lameiras , Carrera Fernández María Victoria , Nuñez Mangana Ana María , Rodríguez Castro Yolanda
Published: July 2015

Este trabajo presenta los resultados de la evaluación cualitativa del Programa Coeducativo de Desarrollo Psicoafectivo y Sexual Agarimos, implementado con alumnos/as de 1° de la Educación Superior Obligatoria (ESO) en el curso 2003-2004 en España. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron diario de sesiones, análisis de documentos y cuestionario de carácter abierto de valoración y grado de satisfacción de los alumnos/as con el programa. Los resultados muestran que se incrementaron los conocimientos en las áreas relativas a identidad corporal, género, emociones, relaciones socioafectivas y conducta sexual, principalmente, y que han mejorado sus actitudes hacia la igualdad de género y la sexualidad. Esto se evidencia en su comportamiento más tolerante, flexible y respetuoso y en la mayor naturalidad y madurez a la hora de abordar la temática de la sexualidad. Los/as alumnos/as valoran positivamente esta experiencia y están satisfechos con la metodología constructivista utilizada y con la formación y actuación del cuerpo docente.

Palabras clave: sexualidad, educación sexual, coeducación, adolescencia.
Prevaléncia de depresión en niños escolarizados entre 8 y 12 años del oriente antioqueño a partir del "child depression inventory" -CDI-
Authors: Vinaccia Stefano , Gaviria Ana Milena , Atehortúa Luís Federico , Martínez Piedad Helena , Trujillo Catalina , Quiceno Japcy Margarita
Published: July 2015

El objetivo de la siguiente investigación fue estudiar la prevalencia de la depresión en una población infantil del oriente antioqueño. Muestra: 768 sujetos entre los 8 y los 12 años, de los cuales 379 eran de género masculino y 389 de género femenino residentes en el municipio de La Ceja (Antioquia). Los instrumentos que se utilizaron fueron Children Depresión Inventory (CDI) versión en español de la escala original de Kovacs (1992) de Davanzo y cols. (2004). Se encontró una media de depresión en la escala total de 10,52 y una desvaloración estándar de 5,61. La prevalencia de sintomatología depresiva encontrada fue de un 25.2% de la muestra investigada utilizando como punto de corte puntajes superiores a los 17 puntos. Esto evidencia que es alta la sintomatología depresiva encontrada en niños escolares del oriente antioqueño; se necesita mayor atención e investigación en esta población.

Palabras clave: CDI, depresión infantil, Antioquia, Colombia.
El cáncer como metáfora de muerte o como opción para resignificar la vida: narrativas en la construcción de la experiencia familiar y su relación con el afrontamiento del cáncer de un hijo menor de edad
Authors: González Gutiérrez Orlando , Fonseca Fonseca Juan Carlos , Jiménez Jordán Luz Cristina
Published: July 2015

Este artículo presenta el trabajo de investigación-intervención desde un enfoque sistémico-narrativo-construccionista, sobre la construcción narrativa familiar y personal de la experiencia del cáncer en un hijo menor de edad y el papel en el afrontamiento de la enfermedad, en relación con la dinámica e identidad familiar, en la interacción con el contexto de salud (servicio de oncohematología pediátrica del Hospital de la Misericordia de Bogotá) y el marco cultural narrativo sobre la enfermedad. Partiendo del supuesto de que la experiencia humana es organizada en las narrativas que las personas construyen en la interacción lingüística con los otros, se trabajó con tres familias con un hijo menor diagnosticado con cáncer, participando, junto con el equipo de salud tratante, en escenarios conversacionales y reflexivos que permitieron evocar, comprender y movilizar narrativas dominantes sobre la experiencia del cáncer que operaban como obstáculos en el proceso de afrontamiento familiar. Se identifica en la construcción narrativa de la experiencia del cáncer, que el diagnóstico y su implicación negativa para la vida familiar y personal, era vivido como una experiencia y un afrontamiento paralizante. Por el contrario, la identificación y co-construcción conversacional de relatos de recursos propios en la identidad familiar y personal facilitaba la generación de narrativas alternas posibilitadoras de nuevas formas de afrontamiento de la experiencia vivida.

Palabras clave: narrativa, cáncer, construcción narrativa de la experiencia familiar, afrontamiento familiar, enfoque sistémico narrativo, investigación-intervención.
Diferencia, ciudadanía y salud colectiva: el acompañamiento terapéutico en la red pública
Authors: Pelliccioli Eduardo , Guareschi Neuza
Published: July 2015

El presente artículo es resultado de una investigación realizada durante dos años por un equipo multiprofesional en el Centro de Atención Integral a la Salud Mental -CAIS Mental- en el municipio de Viamão, Brasil. El trabajo fue financiado por la "Fundação de Amparo á Pesquisa do Río Grande do Sul" - FAPERGS. Se problematizó y discutió la formación del acompañante terapéutico en el campo de la salud colectiva en tanto es una nueva tecnología en la red pública de salud; este trabajo constituye un dispositivo complementario y/o sustitutivo al proceso de reforma psiquiátrica en Brasil. Al comprender que el acompañamiento terapéutico puede ser considerado también como una intervención en Psicología Social, lo desvinculamos de su disposición predominantemente clínica y privada, proyectándolo hacia una condición colectiva y colocándolo dentro de una lógica pública.

Palabras clave: psicología social, salud, acompañamiento terapéutico.
El conductismo y algunas implicaciones de lo que significa ser conductista hoy
Authors: Hurtado P. Camilo
Published: July 2015

Se discuten varios aspectos relacionados con el conductismo, sus múltiples versiones, una definición amplia de éste y a quienes se les puede denominar actualmente "conductistas". Además, a partir de una anécdota se analiza, en términos de barreras epistemológicas, el rechazo a esta tradición de pensamiento y se discute como dicho rechazo está enraizado y mantenido en una serie de malentendidos y en las contradicciones que existen entre los principios del conductismo genérico y los de la llamada "resto de la psicología" o "mainstream psychology" la cual se caracteriza por diversas formas de cognoscitivismo y ser muy afín con la que se ha llamado "psicología popular". Finalmente, se analizan algunas propuestas que han sido sugeridas para superar las barreras epistemológicas del conductismo, concluyendo que el contexto académico actual no es el apropiado para que estos intentos cumplan con su finalidad, en cambio, al parecer dicho contexto es fuente en sí mismo de otro tipo de barreras.

Palabras clave: conductismo, análisis experimental del comportamiento, análisis conceptual del comportamiento, epistemología de la psicología.