bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Importance of Sustainable Concrete Formwork System
Authors: Taher Ahmed Mohammed , Zakaria Rozana , Majid Mohamad Zin Abd. , Mohd Affendi Ismail
Published: November 2012

Construction industry is seen to be able to play a bigger role into a sustainable society by offering sustainable construction. As the premier construction material across the world, concrete has a major determining role on the effects, good or bad, of construction on the environment, meanwhile the formwork system is one of the important construction methods in building construction, which eventually will lead to more sustainable construction. In this context, this study focuses on the importance of the formwork system and its influence on achieving sustainable construction. The study aims to identify the basic sustainability objectives that considered responsive to formwork system. Using questionnaire survey distributed among construction experts, the economic category had been selected as the most important factor that considered respond to the formwork system, and the environmental category comes second while social comes the third. Furthermore, fifty percent of the respondents agree that type of formwork system effect on the sustainability of the construction project and about forty percent was moderate about it. Determination the objectives of sustainability that respond to the formwork system, which covers all activities and processes related to the formwork system can assist developers and others stakeholders to evaluate the performance of the system in order to make enhancement to the system.
Unloading Behavior Study on FRP-to-Concrete Interface
Authors: Liu San Xing , Yuan Hong
Published: November 2012

Bi-linear constitutive model is commonly used to study the bond-slip behaviors of the interface between FRP and concrete, unloading behavior is one of the most important problems that should be considered. The path of unloading is debatable, no specialized research achievement has been found so far. Based on simple shear test, the model with secant unloading is employed to study the unloading behavior of the interface between FRP and concrete in this paper, then governing equation about this behavior during the bond-slip process of the interface is derived. A closed form analytical solution about the slip and shear stress distribution of the whole interface, as well as the load-displacement response are obtained, which are also compared with that of elastic unloading , the main difference between them are given. Results obtained in this paper are helpful to further study on more complicated problems (such as the bond-slip behavior of the interface caused by two adjacent flexural cracks, as well as intermediate shearing crack).
Laboratory Investigation of Moisture Damage in Asphalt Rubber Hot Mixes Using Warm Mix Technology
Authors: Liu Jing Hui
Published: November 2012

The advantages of using asphalt rubber pavement strategies have been validated by many research efforts. However, the most obvious disadvantage of asphalt rubber hot mix is requiring a higher mix and placement temperature in order to obtain adequate workability, which results in higher energy requirements and asphalt easy ageing. By utilizing Warm Mix Asphalt(WMA) technology the temperature requirements of the asphalt rubber hot mix can be reduced significantly. Warm mix asphalt (WMA) is the name given to certain technologies that reduce the production and placement temperatures of asphalt mixes. Asphalt Rubber Hot Mix of containing Warm Mix technology is a very promising technology whether in energy saving or improving pavement performance. One of the main concentrations of crumb rubber mix is now on the moisture damage evaluation due to WMA additives. In this study, the objective was to conduct a laboratory investigation of moisture damage in Warm Rubber Mix Asphalt(WRMA). Currently, there are no standards or laboratory test data to support the knowledge area on the susceptibility of asphalt rubber mixtures to moisture damage. The widely accepted testing procedures i.e. indirect tensile strength (ITS) and tensile strength ratio (TSR) were performed to determine the moisture susceptibility of the mixtures.
Energy-Saving Behavior of Windows for Public Buildings in Cold Region
Authors: Wang Qiu Xia , Peng Xiao Tong
Published: November 2012

The design of windows and glazing curtains is the key point in energy-saving design procedure. According to the investigation and analysis, energy losing through windows is in the majority of overall energy consumption. The types and behaviors of energy saving windows are discussed in brief. According to the specification of Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Public Building of China, the thermal insulation performances of exterior windows are analyzed theoretically. On the basis of climate characters of cold region in china and requirements of the criterion for public architectures energy-saving design，the proper types for the northern region of china are put forward, and therefore provide references for architectural designers.
Experimental Research of Engineering Properties and Improvement Measures of Ginger-Stone Soil
Authors: Mao Hong Lu , Zhuang Pei Zhi , Feng Yi Wu
Published: November 2012

The compactness is prone to markedly decreased after dampening in the subgrade filled by Ginger-stone soil. To solve this problem, a series of tests have been done on the conventional and improved Ginger-stone soil, such as granule analysis test, compaction test, CBR test and water stability test. The test results indicates that the CBR value of Ginger-stone soil is low and it has a strong capillary action, which make it cannot be directly used for roadbed filling of expressway and first class highway. By adding the lime(3%) and fly ash (9%) into the Ginger-stone soil, the CBR value and water stability of sample are obviously improved, and its control of construction becomes easy, so the improved Ginger-stone soil can be directly used as roadbed filling.
The Effect of Surface Hydrophobation Silane Treatment on Chloride Ion Penetration Resistance for Concrete Structures in Marine Environments
Authors: Yang Hai Cheng , Wang Zhao Zhong , Xiong Jian Bo
Published: November 2012

Effect of concrete surface hydropobation treatment against chloride penetration have been studied by in-site exposure test. The results show that the silane impregnated layer can prevent the chlorides penetration into the concrete substrate effectively, reduce the apparent chloride ion diffusion coefficient and surface chloride concentration, and improve the service life of concrete structure; and the depth of concrete convection zone can reduce due to silane impregnated layer for concrete in the marine environment of wetting and drying area.
The Strength and Stress-Strain Behavior of the Cemented Rockfill
Authors: Zheng Qi Wen , Wang Chen , Zhang Jian Wei
Published: November 2012

The cemented rockfill is mixed with cement, water and the siltstone rockfill with a certain mixing proportion. To study the strength and stress-strain behavior of the cemented rockfill, two groups of triaxial tests are carried out under the saturated and consolidated-drained conditions. One group specimens don’t include cement while the other group specimens include. The test results show that the cemented rockfill is a kind of elastoplastic material and the structure of the cemented rockfill is forced due to the effect of cementation. Compared with rockfill, the initial tangent elastic modulus, strength and cohesion of the cemented rockfill increase apparently, the residual strength and internal friction angle of the cemented rockfill increase a little, the maximum volume strain of the cemented rockfill decreases apparently.
The Triaxial Test Research of Asphalt-Rubber Mixture
Authors: Wang Lan , Meng Xiao Hui , Pan Li Qing , Zhang Ji Quan
Published: November 2012

In order to evaluate the shear performance of the rubber powder modified asphalt mixture, we do the triaxial test of Asphalt-Rubber mixture at specified temperature, which use the United States GCTS STX-100 two-way vibration triaxial test system. Through the result of the test, we analysis the factors affecting the shear resistance of asphalt mixture such as modification agent,confining pressure, gradation type and also get the mechanical properties of the asphalt mixture in the triaxial stress state.
Frost Resistance of Low Antifreeze Design Level Hydraulic Concrete
Authors: Lu Cai Rong , Ge Xue Liang , Mei Guo Xing , Liu Wei Bao , Wang Heng
Published: November 2012

Frost resistance of low antifreeze design level hydraulic concrete was studied with Climate Simulation System. Three temperature of -17°C, -20°C, -30°C were chosen as the inner low temperature of concrete specimen during freezing-thawing. The properties of mass, dynamic elastic modulus, flexural strength and compressive strength of low antifreeze design level hydraulic concrete under different low temperature were compared. And the microscopic property of low antifreeze design level hydraulic concrete was observed by environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM).
The Post-Evaluation of the Old Industrial Buildings Based on LFA Method
Authors: Fan Sheng Jun , Li Hui Min , Tan Xiao , Wang Zhi Qi
Published: November 2012

Based on the comprehension of the concepts about the post-evaluation of the old industrial buildings group construction progress, this paper proposes the evaluation content and the improved LFA method for the construction progress post- evaluation of the reusing project of the old industrial buildings group Furthermore, this paper conducts the progress post-evaluation on the specific projects and analyses the reasons of these differences. Some suggestions and countermeasures are also put forth to improve the old industry buildings group reusing progress.
Analysis of Phase-Change Gypsum Board Used on the Wall of Hot Summer and Cold Winter Regions
Authors: Guo Hong Bin , Zhou Quan , Li Qing Hai , He Jia Peng
Published: November 2012

Use the effective heat capacity method model to simulate walls’ surface temperature such as peak value and volatility. Phase transition wall’s surface temperature is lower than the other’s(thermal mortar wall) in Nanjing. In addition, phase transition wall’s surface temperature volatility is smaller than thermal mortar wall’s. The mathematical model is verified by experiment. Phase transition wall improves the thermal comfort of room.
Analysis on Mechanical Properties and Durability of the Chopped Basalt Fiber Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Kan Ze Bao , Li Yan Ru
Published: November 2012

The current research situation of basalt fiber reinforced concrete was analyzed on the basis of the previous research results. When concrete is incorporated with basalt fiber, the compressive performance of concrete is instable, the tensile strength changes along with the fiber content, but the durability improves significantly , and the bending performance and impact resistance has more obvious improvement. According to the characteristics of chopped basalt fiber reinforced concrete, the prospect of the application of basalt fiber reinforced concrete is explored.
Seasonal Variations of Heavy Metals in the Bivalve’s mollusks from Ta-Peng Bay Lagoon in Southwestern Taiwan
Authors: Shue Meei Fang , Chen Jen Jeng , Tseng Li Ho , Lai Wen Liang
Published: November 2012

Ta-Peng Bay lagoon in southwestern coast of Taiwan belonging to a shallow, productive, coastal lagoon was heavily polluted by the effluent of agriculture from fisheries and domestic sewage. This area provided a plentiful bivalves mollusks for regional market, including Anadara antiquate, Katelysia hiantina, Perna viridis and Anomalocardia squamosa. For understanding correlation between heavy metals existed in aquatic product and variation of heavy metal varied with season, during Dec., 2005- Sep., 2006, six heavy metals, such as Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr and Cd were analyzed by an air-acetylene flame / Graphite Atomizer atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The variations of different heavy metals existed in aquatic product in season were evaluated using multivariate analysis. Results show that the mean concentration of heavy metal in soft tissues for six aquatic products, Cd species had the lowest value than the others, and Cu and Zn were significantly higher than the other elements. The relationships of all heavy metal species in seasonal variations showed significant dependence. High concentrations of heavy metals were observed in winter. The negative correlation coefficient (p < 0.05) between heavy metals content and season variations statistically revealed decreased with season series for Ni, Pb, and Cr. An interesting finding that Cd bioaccumulation among the species had a significant discrepancy was observed. It means that bivalves mollusks could be develped as a potetial tool for monitoring Cd species.
Characterization of Organic Acids with Different Atmospheric Particle Sizes
Authors: He Xiang , Qian Feng , Li Yao
Published: November 2012

Atmospheric particulate samples were collected during January, February, April and May 2012, separately. Twenty-one fatty acids and seven dicarboxylic acids were measured by GC-MS. The results show that average mass concentrations of fatty acids are 809.24ng/m³, 545.34ng/m³, 386.96ng/m³ and dicarboxylic acids are 215.14 ng/m³, 156.45 ng/m³, 111.43 ng/m³ in PM10, PM2.5, PM1, respectively. Fatty acids and dicarboxylic acids concentrate mainly in the PM1. C11-C24 of fatty acids exhibit a significant even carbon predominances, but dicarboxylic acids present no parity preponderance. In the fatty acids, the concentration of hexadecanoic acid is the highest with that of octadecanoic acid followed; Nonandioic acid is the highest in dicarboxylic acids. The results of source apportionments indicate that the fatty acids are mainly related with human activities. Coal burning for heating is the most important source in January and February, but its contribution decreases sharply in April and May for fatty acids; The main source of dicarboxylic acids is photochemical reactions.
Eco-Efficiency-Based Evaluation of the Resource and Environmental Performances of Jiangxi Province, China
Authors: Huang He Ping
Published: November 2012

From the perspective of ecological efficiency (eco-efficiency), the resource and environmental intensities and performances of Jiangxi Province, China from 2000 to 2010 were analyzed via the use of the improved resource and environmental performance index (REPI) calculation model. The results showed that: (1) with the accelerated economic development, energy consumption in Jiangxi Province increased at the same rate, whereas water consumption increased relatively slowly, and COD and SO2 emissions showed the same trends; (2) the resource consumption intensities of Jiangxi Province were markedly higher than the average levels of China. The environmental pollution intensities were also higher than those of China, including the intensity of industrial solid waste discharge in the previous year; (3) the performance indices were ranked by size in 2000 as follows: industrial solid wastes discharge > SO2 emission > energy consumption > building land consumption > COD emission > water consumption; in 2010, the ranking was as follows: energy consumption > SO2 emission > building land consumption > industrial solid wastes discharge > COD emission > water consumption.
Environmental Risk Assessment for Offshore E&P Activities in Brazil
Authors: Maggi Patricia , Morgado Claudia
Published: November 2012

Brazil has performed an important role in the oil and gas industry mainly because the offshore E&P activities in Campos Basin, characterized by deep waters far away from the coast and its sensitive areas. However other basins have increased their importance in the E&P industry where some operations are located very close to the shore in shallow waters with a remarkable environmental sensitivity. Because of this, a new approach has been adopted by Brazilian Federal Environmental Agency (IBAMA) - firstly regarding oil spill preparedness and lately concerning environmental risk assessment. Risk analysis used to be developed as a preliminary hazard analysis (PHA) part of the environmental impact statement that operators (oil companies) have to perform in order to obtain a permit to operate. The main feature of this PHA was the qualitative and subjective risk assessment taking into account only the oil spill amount, in spite of the area sensitivity. Once the operations in those high sensitivity areas have potentially increased, IBAMA has developed a particular Term of Reference regarding the oil spill risk calculation for valued environmental resources such as marine mammals, sea turtles, fishes, etc as well as ecosystems (for example, coral reefs and mangroves). According to the new approach the environmental risk assessment regards to the recovery time of any valued environmental resource that could be affected by oil spill in comparison with the leakage occurrence time. The oil spill risk related to a valued environmental resource is calculated by the product of the release frequency and the environmental consequences based on exposure probability. This paper discusses this new approach adopted in Brazil, involving a quantitative method for the environmental risk assessment of Brazilian Offshore E&P.
Eutrophication Assessment of Reservoir Based on Matter-Element and Extension
Authors: Pan Jun , Liu Yang , Li Chang Hong , Wang Juan
Published: November 2012

The eutrophication of medium-sized reservoirs in Shenyang is assessed to explore the feasibility of matter-element and extension using in assessing the eutrophication of water. The evaluation standard is established with related factors, and the eutrophication level is determined by correlation degree. The results show that, assessing eutrophication of water with this method, can not only determine the eutrophication level exactly, but also reflects the changing trend of the water. It is more appropriate than other methods in eutrophication assessment.
T-RFLP Analysis of Soil Microbial Community from Shandong Province for Forensic Science
Authors: Wang Jia Jia , Li Yu Mei , Zhao Zhi Wen , Li Qiang , Liu Ying Zi , Ye Chun Jiang , Hao Da Ke , Qu Yan Hong , Zhang Qing Qing , Li Jun Fa
Published: November 2012

Soil microbial community very little had been found as trace evidence， however， it could be vital for forensic science. In this paper, soil microbial community diversities from seventeen different regions of Shandong province were investigated by Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP). The results of diversity index analysis show the highest Margalef index and Eveness index are 4.609 for sample D and 0.970 for sample E, respectively. In T-RFLP profile, the absolute advantage peak are 488bp (62.6% ) from sample O and 496.5bp (20.8%) from Sample H. The analysed terminal restriction fragments (T-RFs) are from Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. These results reveal that there are the obvious regional characteristic for microbial community of all the detected samples, which suggests T-RFLP analysis of microbial community diversity will be a rapid effective fingerprinting method for forensic detection.
A Comparative Research on Different Preparation Methods of Furfural Hydrogenation Non-Chromium Catalysts
Authors: Li Zeng Zin , Wang Guo Ming , Li Wen Jun
Published: November 2012

Furfuryl alcohol is an important organic chemical material. The traditional catalysts of furfural hydrogenation to produce furfuryl alcohol contain Cr, which is harmful to people’s health and causes severe environmental pollution. Developing new highly active catalysts in furfuryl alcohol is of great practical significance. The progress of non-chrome catalysts for hydrogenation of furfural to produce furfuryl alcohol has been reviewed. Some environmental-friendly non-chrome catalysts, such as copper catalysts, CuO-CaO/SiO2 catalysts, Cu-Zn-Al catalysts, load Ni and ultra-fine Ni-B amorphous alloy catalysts, had been discussed and their preparations and structure characterizations were described. Some constructive strategies are presented for the research and applications of such catalysts.
Research into the Application of New Eco-Friendly Materials in Children Product Design
Authors: Hao Ping Ting , Yang Zheng
Published: November 2012

Children are the future of our country and the hope of the nation. However, due to the particularity of the children, their products in fact caused tremendous waste of resources. The application of new eco-friendly materials could slove the problem. "Green design" and " ecological design" is the design concept in today's society, to protect the social environment and save the global resources. This paper, from the green design and ecological design perspective, discusses the combination of the two, children product design and the new eco-friendly materials, and the wonderful prospect of both Children product and ecological environment.
Seasonal Change of the Soil Physical, Chemical and Biological Properties of the VGCG Slope
Authors: Zhao Zi Chao , Xia Zhen Yao , Li Ming Yi , Wu Bin , Xu Wen Nian
Published: November 2012

Taked an repaired completed slope - Vegetation-Growing Concrete Gunning (VGCG) slope for the experimental plot to measured indicators could evaluate the physical, chemical and biological properties.It showed that there were significantly difference in SBD, PH, SOM, AN. AP. AP and AK in different seasons, but no law. And there were significantly difference in soil enzyme activities except catalase in different seasons. Soil enzyme activities were highest in summer, lowest in winter except catalase. It showed that enzyme activitiy roses at first in the lower from spring to winter in one year. It proved that there were ruleless in seasonal change of the soil physical and chemical properties and there was a certain rule in seasonal change of the soil biological properties of the VGCG slope in one year.
Purification Efficiency Study of Biological Treatment of Iron and Manganese for Groundwater
Authors: Hu Feng Ping , He Wei , Tang Chao Chun , Zhong Lv
Published: November 2012

The purification efficiency of biological removal of iron and manganese was probed by pilot tests. In this experiment, the raw water were iron concentration of 0.96~5.56 mg/L, manganese concentration of 0.87~2.38 mg/L, dissolved oxygen of 2~4 mg/L, pH value neutral. In the condition of filter speed of 6 m/h, the average removal rate of iron and manganese reached 97.6% and 90.9% respectively, the effluent concentration of Fe2+ and Mn2+ were keep in below 0.1 mg/L.
Analysis on Water Pollution Characteristics of Typical Urban River-Taking the Zaohe River in Xi′an City as an Example
Authors: Li Jia Ke , Yu Jie , Dong Wen , Li Huai En
Published: November 2012

Zaohe River is a main pollution and flood discharge river in Xian city. Its water quality is affected not only by the point source pollution (PSP), but also by the non-point source pollution (NSP) to some extent. Water flow and water quality of Zaohe River are monitored during the flooding and non-flooding periods from April in 2010 to October in 2011. The results indicated that: 1) The concentration of COD, TP, NH3-N, and TN are exceed the Environmental quality standard grand Ⅴ for surface water (GB3838-2002 of China). 2) The concentration of COD is increasing from upstream to downstream. The concentration of TP, NH3-N, and TN increase firstly and then decrease. The change of NO3-N is small and the concentration of Cr is the lowest in the heavy metal pollutants. 3) The variations of pollutant concentration are smaller during the non-flooding periods than the flooding periods at Caotan section. The NSP load is lower than PSP in the flood period, and the NSP load ratio of SS, COD, NH3-N, NO3-N, TN, DP and TP is 14%, 2.0%, 5.1%, 6.0%, 7.4% and 4.2% separately. 4) The PSP plays the important role in the pollution abatement of Zaohe River，but the NSP can not be ignored, too.
Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Paddy Soils from Daye Mining Area of Hubei Province, China
Authors: Yin Chun Qin , Sun Qing Bin , Zhao Xue Qiang
Published: November 2012

The occurrence and distribution of heavy metals (including copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni) and manganese (Mn)) in paddy soils from the Daye mining area were investigated by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) using the flame and graphite furnace method. The pollution of all metals investigated was found in paddy soil samples from the Daye mining area. Additionally, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd concentrations at the sampling sites near the quarries and mines located in the central and eastern part of Daye were higher than those at the other sampling sites. Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) of the heavy metal concentrations showed that the mine might be an important contributor to heavy metals contamination. PCA analysis extracted two factors that explained 67% of the total variables. The source of Zn, Cd, Cu and Pb would be primarily the deposition of aerosol particles emitted by metal smelting, manufacturing and traffic, acid mine drainage and metal mine waste rock and long-term stockpiling of tailings. Ni and Cr were controlled by parent material in the soils. Evaluation of heavy metals contamination of paddy soils indicated that the Cd contamination was the most widespread, followed Cu, Ni, Zn and Pb.
Characteristic of Competitive Adsorption of Dimethoate with a Variety of Pollutants on Surficial Sediments through Fractional Factorial Design
Authors: Wang Meng , Li Xiao Li , Li Yu
Published: November 2012

In order to reveal the combined pollution characteristic of dimethoate adsorption onto the surficial sediments in pesticide (dimethoate, metalaxyl, atrazine, malathion, prometryn)/heavy metals (copper, zinc, lead, cadmium, nickel) composite contamination system, a completely foldover design and confounding design assisted resolution Ⅲ of 210-6 fractional factorial design method is used to identify the main effects and interactions of these ten pollution factors. The study found that the main effects of zinc, cadmium, malathion, prometryn have significant effect (α=0.05) to dimethoate adsorption on the sediment, in which zinc and cadmium will significantly antagonism to adsorption of dimethoate, while metalaxyl and prometryn will significantly collaborative to adsorption of dimethoate, and these main effects’ contribution rates are 64.4% and the second-order interaction effects’ contributions are 35.6%. According to the effect estimates of main effects and second-order interaction effects, zinc*prometryn and cadmium*atrazine have significantly antagonism to adsorption of dimethoate. Moreover, we also can estimate the compound pollution levels about the target pollutant on these main effects and second-order interaction effects of pollutant factors.
Pollution Characteristics of N-Alkanes and PAHs in Typical Road Tree Leaves in Chengdu City, China
Authors: Yin Hong Ling , Yuan Hua Wei , Ye Zhi Xiang , Yin Shi Cheng , Yang Ying Chun , Wang Min , Zou Chang Wu , Li Xiao , Li Qian Qian , Cai Ting Ting
Published: November 2012

The pollution characteristics of n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the typical tree species (Chinese Glossy Privet tree, Camphors tree, Osmanthus tree) in Chengdu city were studied. The distribution and sources of n-alkanes and PAHs in leave samples were discussed. The results showed the carbon number of n-alkanes ranging from nC11 to nC34 of leaves samples in Chengdu City was detected out and the distributions of n-alkanes of selected plant leaves in different sampling sites showed obvious difference. The content of n-alkanes in the east site leave samples was the most abundant, the highest value was 5.2 μg/g while the least was at the north site (0.01μg/g). The content of PAHs in the north site leave samples was the most abundant with the highest value being 242.56 μg/kg while the least was at the central site with the lowest value of 0.11μg/kg. The content of n-alkanes and PAHs in Camphors tree leaves was higher than Osmanthus tree leaves suggesting Camphors tree could better purified the city air.
Distribution, Enrichment, Accumulation, and Potential Ecological Effect of Lead in the Sediment of Jen-Gen River Estuary, Taiwan
Authors: Dong Cheng Di , Chen Chih Feng , Chen Chiu Wen
Published: November 2012

This study was conducted using the data collected at the estuary of Jen-Gen River to investigate and analyze Lead (Pb) contained in the sediments, and to evaluate the accumulation of Pb and the degree of its potential effect. The results show that samples collected at all monitoring stations near the mouth of Jen-Gen River contain 31–87 mg/kg of Pb with a mean of 65±17 mg/kg. The spatial distribution of Pb reveals that the Pb concentration is relatively high in the river estuary region. This indicates that upstream industrial and municipal wastewater discharges along the river bank are major sources of pollution. Results from the enrichment factor (EF) analysis imply that the sediments can be characterized as moderately severe to severe degree of Pb enrichment. Results of geo-accumulation index (Igeo) analysis indicate that the sediments can be characterized as moderate to moderately strong degree of Pb accumulation. Base on the comparison with sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), the concentrations of Pb in the sediments of Jen-Gen River estuary may cause acute biological damage.
Analysis and Prediction of Waste Discharge in Liaoning Industrial Areas
Authors: Li Jia Shu , Fan Hou Ming
Published: November 2012

Citing the facts concerning the waste discharge reality in Liaoning province, this paper analyzes the characteristics of time variation of the “three wastes”, namely, the industrial wastewater, waste gas and solid wastes, and the factors affecting the discharge of the “three wastes” in the province, and makes predictions of the three wastes by setting up various prediction models, including Grey Forecast Model GM (1, 1), GM (1, n) Model, Exponential Smoothing Model, Multivariate Linear Regression Model, and Time Series Model/ARMA model, the results and errors of which are compared, before determining the final predictions and drawing the conclusion.
Applications of Fuel Cell in Cogeneration Systems
Authors: Chen Bin Jian , Xing Xu Dong
Published: November 2012

Based on various operation temperatures, fuel cell cogeneration systems were analyzed respectively. Fuel cells’ applications in cogeneration systems were introduced. Factors that hindered the promotion of fuel cell were discussed. It is very likely that such a combined system will become one of the best cogeneration technologies in the near future.
Characteristics and Mechanisms of Cu (II) Biosorption on Sludge in the Presence of Citrate
Authors: Jia Peng , Yu Ma Hong
Published: November 2012

The kinetics and thermodynamics of Cu(Ⅱ) biosorption on sludge in the presence of citrate were investigated. Biosorption mechanisms were characterized by biosorption characteristics and modern analysis means such as BET,FT-IR,XRD and SEM. The results show that the system of sludge and complexation of copper reaches equilibrium within 18h and the maximum removal rate of total copper is about 80%. Kinetic studies indicate that pseudo-second order model with correlation coefficients of 0.9959 best ﬁts the biosorption process. The equilibrium of the system follows the Langmuir isotherm model. FT-IR spectral analysis indicates that amides, -OH, COO¯, silicate minerals, phosphate groups and polysaccharides serve as the main active groups. XRD and SEM analysis indicate the crystal shape of sludge changes and metal sediment can be found after biosorption. Adsorption mechanisms contain chelation, precipitation and ion-exchange.
Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal and Biomass Production by the Green Microalgae in Piggery Wastewater
Authors: Chen Jen Jeng , Li Yu Ru , Shue Meei Fang , Tseng Li Ho , Lai Wen Liang
Published: November 2012

Use of microalgae to remove inorganic nutrients from wastewater and their great potential for low-cost biomass production is gaining attraction. The effect of piggery wastewater content, aeration rate, cultivation temperature, and light intensity on nitrogen and phosphorus removal and biomass production were studied by using a Box-Behnken experimental design under full factorial methodology. Under experimental conditions considered cultures with aeration increased the ammonium and orthophosphate removal efficiency up to an average of 65.3±17 % and 51±7.2 %, respectively and an increase of biomass productivity ranging from 20.8±11 mg/L.d to 52.3±5.5 mg/L.d. The aeration rate was the most important factor influencing the nutrients removal and biomass production.
Analysis Models of Storm Runoff Volumes from Small Watershed in Chongqing Metropolitan Area
Authors: He Qiang , Zhi Yue , Yan Wen Tao , Wang Shu Ming
Published: November 2012

The storm runoff model in mountain city, based on hydrology, hydraulics and the watershed spatial data is targeted at the features of large slope of land surface and fast speed of runoff-contribution & flow-concentration in mountain city, is of great significance to achieve the goal of making an analog experiment on the processing of urban storm runoff, to locate the inland inundation spot and predict the time of the water withdrawal as well as manage and utilize the water volume and quality of the storm runoff. As a result, we’ve developed a distributed storm runoff model in small watershed in the mountain city on the basis of GIS platform. This model has been applied for analyzing the storm runoff (twice) in Panxi River Valley in North New Zone of Chongqing. The results showed that the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient, Ens is 0.56; and the relative error is 11.8%, compared the simulated result with the actual measurements 2010/6/7; the Ens is 0.76,; and the relative error is 8.82%, compared the simulated result with the actual measurements 2010/7/4, it showed that the simulated result is of high precision with the model. According to the parameter sensitivity analysis, the most sensitive parameters of the storm runoff model are the width of subcatchment, slope and impermeable area rate.
Sandy Soil Consolidation and Water-Saving Process Design in the North China Plain
Authors: Cheng Yan Pei , Zhang Jian Kang , Zhang Fa Wang
Published: November 2012

In order to study of the sandy soil use in the North China plain concerning land consolidation and water-saving techniques, the lack of sandy land groundwater resources, groundwater drainage of the land consolidation project due to a lack of resources basis, blind investment and consolidation benefits, also undermine the structure of the groundwater system. This paper took Wangyangxing village in Zaoqiang county, Hengshui City that first carried out, based on the water resource constraints of land consolidation project as example for site evaluation, and then the land consolidation of water-saving technology and the land consolidation process design theory was used. Hengshui City is one of parts of the sandy soil of agricultural land for a pilot study to explore the effectiveness of suitable sandy soil of agricultural land, land consolidation in the North China Plain for the full scientific utilization of water resources to improve the efficiency of the sandy soil land use and the basis.
The Prediction Model Study of the Hydraulic Fill Elevation in Reclamation Project
Authors: Liu Xiao Qiang , Pei Wen Bin , Zhang Yu Ting , Yang Yan Hua
Published: November 2012

The determination of the hydraulic fill elevation is one of the urgent problems in reclamation project. The determination of the hydraulic fill elevation is of extreme importance to the final design elevation in reclamation project. If the hydraulic fill elevation is over high, might waste the hydraulic fill resources, and soil strength would decreased greatly when reduce the topsoil to reach design elevation. If the hydraulic fill elevation is over low, twice-fill is needed leading to great increased coast. In the paper, observational settlement prediction system of dredger fill had been established by research of BP artificial neural network. Finally, the hydraulic fill elevation of reclamation project was suggested reasonably by the observational settlement prediction system.
Differences of Shear Strength between Undisturbed and Remolded Soils of Lands for Agriculture and Forestry in Menglianggu Watershed of Linyi City
Authors: Zhang Xiao Ming , Liu Qian Jin , Yu Xing Xiu
Published: November 2012

To find the effects of pedoturbation on soil erosion of lands for agriculture and forestry in Menglianggu watershed of Linyi city from soil mechanics, shear strengths of 3 typical land uses (6 different soils) which are undisturbed and remolded respectively were measured by direct shear apparatus. Effects of particle size and binding materials on shear strength were analyzed by comparing shear properties of undisturbed and remolded soils with the same dry density, water content and vertical loads. The results show that all the angle of internal friction ( ) and most of soil cohesion ( ) of undisturbed soils are bigger than that of remolded soils; The final shearing stress also comply with the law above; The main factors affecting shear strength are soil particle size and binding materials.
Soil Quality Change during Reversal of Desertification in Agro-Pastoral Transition Zone of Northern China
Authors: Zhang Jing , Hou Pei
Published: November 2012

Based on the field surveys and laboratory analysis, soil physical, chemical and biological properties were studied at different degree of the reversal of desertification in the agro-pastoral transition zone of northern China. The results showed the dominant soil particle size changed from coarse-fine sand to a combination of very fine sand and silt + clay, and corresponding levels of each soil nutrient increased. The content of coarse sand was significantly and negatively correlated with soil nutrient contents, whereas nutrient contents were significantly and positively correlated with the contents of fine sand and silt + clay. The changes in soil nutrient contents and their availability were strongly controlled by the changes in the soil particle size distribution, with increased fineness of soil texture accompanied by an enrichment of soil nutrients. Soil quality increased with the increase of the restoration year. The results of this study provide support for the belief that artificial restoration and reforestation in areas with severe desertification can improve soil quality.
Study on the Preparation of Polymer Gel System with Oilfield Wastewater
Authors: Liu Yi Kun , Wan Xin , Zhi Ji Qiang , Wang Xiao
Published: November 2012

The solvent that is used to make the gel is water which is widely applied on the oil-field. The solvent is actually inject water. The chromes receipt which were already used on the oil- field is listed in the experiment, The research is that according to the inject water which come from Zhuangxi and Feiyan Beach oil field to make the gel, then to observe whether the polymer system gelatinize, which one is more practical and economical. The comparison was carried out in the experiment, the gel that is made of distilled water contrast with the get which is made of Zhuangxi and Feiyan Beach inject water, then observe the affecting factor of gelatinization, such as pH, temperature, drug style, concentration. According to the experiment, the intensity of the gel which is made of the Zhuangxi oil field inject water with the HPAM of Changan Group is the largest, however initial setting time is the shortest, the intensity of Feiyan Beach gel is smallest, initial setting time is the second .HPAM from Japan which is made up by water from Zhuangxi can be gelatinized at the initial pH, but The gel which is made of distilled water and Feiyan Beach can’t be gelatinized, the adjustment of the pH and the increasing concentration can make the polymer gel.
The Marshlands Degradation and the Urban Spatial Transformation: A Case Study of “Town” and “Market” in Jingzhou City
Authors: Chen Yi , Bing He , Zhang Liang Gao
Published: November 2012

The Marshland was one kind of the most important living environments for the ancient Chinese people, but is greatly eroded nowadays by the rapid urbanization. By studying in Jingzhou city, the Chinese city with a history of 2000 years, it was proved that the Chinese traditional Town –Market mode was effective in harmonizing the human and the marshlands and availed in balancing the urban economical and cultural functions. So a framework of essential action for urban planners is claimed to propose a rational way of urban spatial constructions adapted to the Chinese context.
Determination of Ni(II) in Water Using Nanometer Attapulgite Adsorption via FAAS
Authors: Hou Yan Min , Zhao Xiao Jun , Xie Ji Min
Published: November 2012

nanometer attapulgite is a fine adsorptive reagent to Ni(II) in specific pH,adsorbent dosage , surging and depositing time, hydrochloric acid concentration, elution volume , surging and depositing time for the recovery and static adsorptive capability. The experimental results show that Zn(II)、Co(II)、K+、Cu(II)、Na+、Mn(II)、Pb(II)、Hg(II) 、SiO32- 、WO42- 、MoO42- 、HPO42-、VO3- didn’t interfere the adsorption to Ni(Ⅱ). the linear range is 0.10~1.5ug/mL, the regression equation is A=0.0476C+0.0084 r=0.9996 .the detection limit is 0.190μg/mL for Ni(II),recovery is 86.7.5%-102.5%. This method can be used to the determination of Ni(II) in environmental water.
Preparation of Mesoporous Carbon Membranes for Ultrafiltration with Properties of Environmental Materials
Authors: Wei Wei , Li Na , Qin Guo Tong
Published: November 2012

Ultrafiltration carbon membrane is an important kind of environmental materials for removal of particular and macromolecular pollutants. The mesoporous carbon membranes were synthesized via sol-gel synthesis followed by supercritical drying and carbonization. The formaldehyde and resorcinol were used as original precursor. The membrane was analyzed using nitrogen adsorption. It was found that the carbon membrane was mesoporous material. The pure gases of H2, N2 and CO2 were used to characterize the selective and integrity of the carbon membrane. The gas permeance through the mesoporous carbon membrane is predominantly governed by the Knudsen mechanism. The pure water is 13.4 L•m-2•h-1 and the molecular weight cut-off is about 2000.
Studied on Principle and Method for Determination of Molybdenum in Steel Materials by FAAS with Laurtrimonium Chloride
Authors: Li Mei Mei , Li Nai Jun , Li Hong Ren
Published: November 2012

A rapid and highly sensitive method for determination of traces of molybdenum in steel material by FAAS with laurtrimonium chloride was described. The droplet is smaller, the number of molybdenum in droplets is enriched and the micelle compounds are formatted with the existence of laurtrimonium chloride. As the result, the sensitivity of determination of molybdenum is enhanced for 46%, the linear range obeys in range of 0～40μg mL-1 for molybdenum and the interference caused by coexistent metal ions is eliminated.
A Novel Silver-Doped Poly(p-aminobenzene sulfonic acid) Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for Analysis of H2O2
Authors: Chi De Ling , Zhao Kai , Liu Zheng Xiao , Zhang Fei Fei , Wang Zong Hua
Published: November 2012

A novel silver-doped poly (p-aminobenzene sulfonic acid) modified electrode was fabricated, of which the electrochemical behaviors were studied with H2O2as a probe. In pH 7.0 PBS, a sensitive reductive peak of H2O2was observed. The modified electrode is of potential in practice for analysis of H2O2in samples such as milk.
Optimization and Restructuring of the Road Resource with Construction Materials Based on Road Environment
Authors: Tan Xiao Dong , Yang Xiao Yi , Song Pi Wei
Published: November 2012

For most of the cities will appear traffic congestion on the work the peak of the big gap in both directions of traffic between the same road sections in china, comparative analysis of the collected traffic flow on urban road sections on the flow and the value of road occupation rate and statistical derivation.Proposed the concept of restructuring on the road environment. Introduce the reorganization of the basic principles and the rule of the lane change
The Application of Similar Material in the Simulation of Overlying Strata Movement in High Inclined Seam in Dongbaowei Mine
Authors: Wen Ming Ming
Published: November 2012

Studying on the characteristics of the overlying strata movement in high inclined coal seam, the similar material is applied in the simulation model which was built based on the similar material simulation theory and high inclined seam geological condition of Dongbaowei coal mine. The picture and displacement of overlying strata were obtained from the similar material simulation. As a result, the characteristics of the fracture and movement of overlying strata above the full mechanized working face in high inclined seam. This paper proposes some support measures to improve the safety of the working face. These provide significance theoretical guidance and reference value for other working face in high inclined seam.
Study on Activity Prediction of Slag in Material Engineering with Software Analysis Based on GA-BPNN
Authors: Zhuang Ying , Jiang Zhou Hua , Li Yang
Published: November 2012

Genetic algorithm-back propagation neural network (GA-BPNN) was used for activity prediction of slag, then activity prediction software of slag was developed by Matrix Laboratory (Matlab) and Microsoft visual C++ (VC++), and activity database of slag was established. The software is simple operation and activity of slag can be predicted accurately, almost activity of slag in the condition of different temperature and composition of slag system can be predicted. The plenty of activity data was collected by the database of software, therefore, more accurate activity data for thermodynamic and dynamics calculation of metallurgist were provided by software. The software lays a good foundation for producing more advanced steel materials.
Preparation and Luminescence Properties of Eu(BA)3phen@MSBA-15 in Material Engineering
Authors: Li Su Wen , Ju Shu Guang
Published: November 2012

Eu(BA)3phen@MSBA-15 composite was prepared and systematacially characterized. The Eu(BA)3phen complexes are uniformly distributed into the channels of the modified SBA-15. The luminescent properties of Eu(BA)3phen@MSBA-15 composite are systematically studied in contrast to the pure complexes. The results indicate that the excitation bands assigned to the π-π* electron transition of the ligands in Eu(BA)3phen@MSBA-15 are narrower than that in Eu3+ complexes, and the 5D0-7F0 transitions emmission become partly allowed. The emission lines for the 5D0-7F2 transitions become broader. The photostability of the emissions improves considerably, which is essential for future applications of RE complexes in molecular optical and electrical devices.
Study on Concentrating Solar Power for Protection of Environment Resources in China with Economic Analysis
Authors: Ge Xin Li , Zhao Qiang , Liu Yang Yang , Dong Zhen
Published: November 2012

Exploitation and utilization of new energy and a road of green development have become the only way for the development of China’s electric power industry. Firstly, environmental effects of the trough solar thermal power generation are analyzed. Then, the investing and operating economy of Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) are studied. It concludes that CSP does well in the energy saving and emission reduction, and the unit price per kilowatt and discount rate have direct impacts on the investment cost of CSP. Finally, incentives for the development of CSP are put forward.