bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KAZAN AS A CENTER OF ATTRACTION AND A PLACE TO LIVE IN THE PERCEPTION OF STUDENTS (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF FOCUS GROUPS)
Authors:   Kazan National Research Technological University, SERGEEVA Z.KH.
Published: December 2024

One of the key processes determining the development of the modern Kazan agglomeration is the attraction of internal and external migrants. As a center of attraction for student youth, Kazan occupies the fourth position among the major educational centers of Russia. In the article the author presents the results and conclusions of an applied sociological research conducted with students of one of the leading universities of Kazan by the method of focus-group interview in April 2024. The analysis of focus group materials showed that the following aspects of the city's attractiveness (unattractiveness) important for students were named: convenience and accessibility of transport infrastructure; cultural atmosphere, diversity and opportunities of cultural life, development of cultural, leisure and sports infrastructure; development of housing and communal services; the quality of the city's infrastructure. Based on the results of the study, the author argues that in order to develop the city and increase its attractiveness in the eyes of visitors, especially young people. It is necessary to implement innovative infrastructure projects, develop smart city technologies that integrate the Internet of Things, big data and artificial intelligence. Innovative technologies not only improve the quality of life of citizens, but also open up new opportunities for involving citizens, especially young people, in city management and solving public problems. Citizen participation in the life of the city is an important element of a democratic society, contributing to the improvement of the quality of the urban environment and the well-being of residents.
SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS OF EMOTIONAL DISORDERS IN YOUTH
Authors:   Teacher-Intern Of The Department Of Pedagogy And Psychology Karakalpak State University, Uzbekistan, Kizi Saidboyeva Barno Endirboy
Published: December 2024

The artіcle explores the іssue of examіnіng emotіonal states wіthіn the framework of psychologіcal safety among adolescents and young іndіvіduals wіth both іntact and іmpaіred іntellectual abіlіtіes. The study hypothesіzes that the development of emotіonal states durіng the perceptіon of hazardous sіtuatіons by students depends on theіr age and the presence of іntellectual іmpaіrments. The fіndіngs can serve as a foundatіon for desіgnіng programs aіmed at fosterіng adolescents' and young іndіvіduals' abіlіtіes to adequately perceіve and respond to dangerous sіtuatіons, takіng іnto account theіr age and іntellectual іntegrіty or іmpaіrments.
Análise epidemiológica das intoxicações por agrotóxicos de uso agrícola no estado do Tocantins entre os anos de 2018 e 2022
Authors: Borba Camila Batista Souza de , Michelin Luis Henrique Froes , Silva Junior de Sousa , Ramos Danilo Pereira , Luz Otávio dos Santos Limeira , Ribeiro Juliano Milhomem
Published: December 2024

A agricultura e pecuária no Brasil vem crescendo ano após ano. O PIB proveniente do agronegócio tem gerado bastante riqueza para o país e também contribuído com a geração de milhares de empregos direto e indireto. O segmento conta com o uso de vários agentes químicos como insumos, dentre eles os agrotóxicos. Quando esses produtos são utilizados de maneira desordenada tem o potencial de causar severos prejuízos à saúde das pessoas e ao meio ambiente. O Estado do Tocantins está situado em uma região de grande expansão agrícola conhecida como MATOPIBA. Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar os dados de intoxicações por agrotóxicos no Estado do Tocantins entre os anos de 2018 a 2022, tendo como base o SINAN – Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Além disso, proporcionar uma reflexão sobre a necessidade de aplicação das boas práticas agrícolas na manipulação dos defensivos agrícolas nas propriedades rurais do Estado. Os resultados obtidos proporcionam uma visão crítica da magnitude do problema e destacam a urgência de intervenções mais robustas, visando à proteção da saúde pública e à promoção de práticas agrícolas sustentáveis.
Lighting in broiler poultry houses: optimization for growth, welfare and sustainability
Authors: Sakata Allex Julio , Siqueira Jair Antonio Cruz
Published: December 2024

Broiler production plays a crucial role in the global economy, directly impacting sectors such as exports, imports and the economies of the countries that consume and produce this important source of animal protein. However, the relevance of this sector goes beyond the economic aspects, encompassing issues related to the health and welfare of the birds, which directly influence their productivity and quality. Among the various factors that affect broiler performance, lighting stands out as an essential element, with the potential to impact both the behavior and development of the birds, directly interfering with productive efficiency. This study explores poultry farming with a focus on the importance of adequate lighting systems, considering their effects on poultry health and growth, as well as the associated economic impacts. Efficient lighting can improve the quality of life of animals, optimizing their development and contributing to the sustainability of production. On the other hand, failures in this aspect can cause significant damage, compromising both production and animal welfare. By addressing these interrelationships, this paper seeks to reinforce the need for practices that balance productivity, sustainability and respect for the living conditions of broiler chickens, promoting advances in the poultry industry.
Neoconstitucionalismo: uma análise acerca do poder do STF na tripartição dos poderes na Constituição de 1988
Authors: Sousa Hael Silva Guida de , Brito Nayara Thalyne Viana
Published: December 2024

O presente artigo apresenta como objetivo, reconhecer os impactos do neoconstitucionalismo na sociedade brasileira contemporânea. Esse estudo se deu por meio de uma metodologia, de caráter descritivo qualitativo e Pesquisa Bibliográfica. Percebeu-se que o neoconstitucionalismo tornou a constituição o “Sol” do Estado, fazendo jus ao que Luís XIV (O rei Sol) proferiu “L'État, c'est moi” – O Estado sou eu, permitindo assim que, no Brasil, o STF que tem a prerrogativa de guardar a constituição, tivesse um grande poder decisório, se sobrepondo a outros poderes da República Federativa do Brasil, colocando em Xeque a tripartição dos poderes. Abordam-se ainda questões de um possível poder moderador exercido pelo Tribunal Constitucional do Brasil. Por meio disto constatou-se que o Supremo Tribunal Federal desvirtuou do seu papel principiológico de um tribunal imparcial e controlado, abrindo espaço para o ativismo judicial, atuando em certas circunstâncias de modo contrário as suas competências previstas no art. 102 da Constituição Federal do Brasil de 1988.
A psicologia escrita por elas, para todas
Authors: Alves Hellen Cristina de Oliveira , Oliveira Bruna Souza de , Silva Antônia Liandra da , Lima Isabela Brito , Araujo Nicole Agnes Nunes de
Published: December 2024

O artigo aborda a contribuição das mulheres na história da psicologia, destacando suas lutas contra o apagamento e discriminação estrutural. Através de uma revisão bibliográfica, o trabalho examina como a trajetória da psicologia, historicamente dominada por homens e por uma perspectiva eurocêntrica, deixou de lado importantes figuras femininas e seus legados. Apesar das barreiras de gênero e das restrições impostas pelo patriarcado, muitas mulheres psicólogas fizeram avanços significativos em áreas como psicologia clínica, experimental e social, frequentemente em contextos de resistência às normas culturais e sociais. Ao rever as histórias de diversas psicólogas que superaram barreiras de gênero e raça, o texto aponta para a necessidade de uma Psicologia crítica e socialmente engajada, que integre as dimensões de gênero, classe e raça em sua prática e formação. A análise ressalta a psicologia feminista e sua relevância para a compreensão e contestação das desigualdades estruturais. Com uma perspectiva interdisciplinar, o artigo propõe uma Psicologia que sirva a todas as pessoas, valorizando a diversidade, a equidade e a justiça social, reforçando a importância de uma psicologia inclusiva e transformadora.
A interação homem-máquina em experiências docentes processos criativos digitais
Authors: Moreira Hugo Daniel Rizolli
Published: December 2024

O artigo pensa processos criativos que modificam formas de comunicação humana, dos gestos gráficos a processos tecnológicos, configurados em experiências digitais. São encadeamentos e recursos que partem de experiências e processos criativos do professor Wilton Luiz de Azevedo. O professor-artista-pesquisador concebeu e colocou em prática o LHUDI – Laboratório de Humanidades Digitais – nos domínios do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Arte e História da Cultura da Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie. As experiências desenvolvidas no laboratório orbitam e fazem parte de processos educacionais no LHUDI, um dos mais importantes laboratórios de humanidades do Brasil, mapeando e conectando alunos, professores e artistas, se constituindo num potente material de estudos e inovações sobre as experiências criativas do professor, desenvolvido por linguagens e desdobramentos contemporâneos, norteados por processos de ensino-aprendizagem inevitáveis nas relações homem-máquina que se constituem na ambiência digital. Assim, esses processos e relações atuam como rampa de acesso para desvendar conexões entre educação, arte e dispositivos digitais na contemporaneidade.
CONSIDERATIONS CONCERNING MOSAISM IN CARLIST ROMANIA (1938-1940)
Authors:   The National Polytechnic Science and Technology University Bucharest, Pitești University Center, The Faculty of Theology, Letters, History and Arts, Chistol Aurelian
Published: December 2024

The Carlist coup d'état of February 10, 1938 was intended to be the beginning of a New Romania, monarchical, nationalist, rediscovering traditions and respect for work and social harmony. Promising a far-reaching reform of state institutions and the regeneration of the entire nation, which was to rally around the sovereign to protect the country from the dangers that lurked at every turn, the New Regime also paid special attention to the delicate question of its relations with the various religious denominations in Romania. The relationship between the state and the Mosaic culture proved to be extremely interesting, characterized by the concern on both sides not to cross a "red line" and not to violate constitutional provisions. The mutual respect formally expressed in public did not, however, rule out moments of tension, which have always been overcome without escalating the latent conflict between the two sides. The analysis of the relations between the Carlist regime and the representatives of the Mosaic cult is not only a topical historical subject, but also an opportunity for reflection for the servants of Clio, contributing to a better understanding of the dramatic moments Romania went through between 1938-1940.
DIREITOS HUMANOS LGBTQIA+ NO BRASIL: UM ESTUDO A PARTIR DA AGENDA DA DEFENSORIA PÚBLICA DA UNIÃO
Authors: Correia Leonardo Alves dos Santos
Published: December 2024

How has the LGBTI+ Human Rights agenda in Brazil been built in (and through) the Federal Public Defender's Office? This work aims to analyze the set of dialogues, actions and institutional measures that have been adopted and proposed as responses to the social and political demands of the LGBTQIA+ population in Brazil in recent years. The study is justified in view of the numerous challenges and demands of the LGBTQIA+ population and the indispensable role that democratic institutions assume in ensuring rights, as well as by the theoretical gap around the subject, notably in the face of a low number of investigations in the terms carried out here. The survey was conducted from August to November 2024. Its methodological tools include the collection of documents and review of narrative literature. News were collected on the institutional website of the Federal Public Defender's Office from the search tool available on the platform itself. The news was filtered by the search field, using the keywords: LGBT + LGBTQIA+. 50 articles were identified on the site that, after analysis, led to the creation of a word cloud, whose intention was to guide the analysis. The findings of this study corroborate the literature regarding the relevant contribution of the agency in the extrajudicial sphere. On the other hand, limitations of a functional, administrative and budgetary nature of the institution seem to compromise the advancement and enhancement of its activities.
O DIREITO, O HOMEM E A MÁQUINA – CONSIDERAÇÕES NECESSÁRIAS ACERCA DA APLICABILIDADE DA INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL NOS MECANISMOS DE RESOLUÇÃO DE CONFLITO NO BRASIL
Authors: Rosa Murilo Pedro , Filho Ronaldo Fenelon Santos
Published: December 2024

A sociedade é dinâmica e o direito, de igual modo, a acompanha. Sob esta premissa, tecnologias são diariamente inventadas e colocadas à oferta pelos mais variados segmentos e não seria diferente com a área jurídica. A Inteligência Artificial é um ramo específico da Tecnologia da Informação que, aplicada ao campo do direito, traz inúmeros benefícios, garantindo, assim, imperiosamente, a consecução de direitos e garantias fundamentais. A utilização da IA na resolução de conflitos promete trazer benefícios significativos, mas também levanta uma série de considerações importantes que precisam ser abordadas. Assim, o presente trabalho dispõe, como objetivo principal, investigar a aplicabilidade de Inteligência Artificial no campo do direito e suas ramificações lógicas. Por acessório, analisou o inflamento do Judiciário através da cultura da judicialização no Brasil. Apresentou-se os meios alternativos de resolução de conflito no país, tais como a mediação, conciliação, negociação e justiça restaurativa. Conceituou-se Inteligência Artificial e seu imbricamento ao campo do Judiciário, principalmente no que pese à gestão processual e automatização de análise de temas e dados processuais. Expôs-se os meios alternativos de resolução de conflito online e sua sinergia com Inteligência Artificial. Concluiu-se que a utilização e aplicabilidade da Inteligência artificial como mecanismo alternativo de resolução de conflitos se mostra instrumento hábil a desconcentrar o Poder Judiciário e erradicar a cultura da judicialização no país. A metodologia de pesquisa foi dedutiva, através da compilação de obras acerca do assunto de maneira quali-quantitativa por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica.
Influence of exposure to psychosocial risks on occupational stress among telemedicine agents in Quito
Authors: Morillo Cano Julio Rodrigo , Navarrete Medina Alisson Daniela , Noroña Salcedo Darwin Raúl , Navarrete Arboleda Edmundo Daniel
Published: December 2024

Psychosocial risks are workplace conditions that impact the physical, mental, and social health of workers. This study analyzes the relationship between psychosocial risks and occupational stress among telemedicine agents in Quito. The objective was to determine the extent to which exposure to psychosocial risks influences occupational stress in this population. A non-experimental, cross-sectional, and correlational design was used, with the participation of 91 telemedicine agents selected based on predefined criteria. Using a survey technique, two instruments were applied: The Psychosocial Risk Factors Questionnaire and the adapted OIT-OMS Occupational Stress Scale. The hypothesis proposed a positive correlation between the variables, and the Tau-b Kendall test was used for inferential analysis. The results showed that 57.2% of participants presented high exposure to psychosocial factors, with job demands, workplace conditions, and workload identified as the most frequent dimensions. Additionally, 42.9% of agents reported some level of stress, mainly related to deficiencies in leadership, lack of group cohesion, and adverse organizational conditions. The Tau-b Kendall correlation coefficient was 0.806, indicating a strong association between the variables. It is concluded that psychosocial risks have a significant relationship with occupational stress and that their mitigation could reduce stress by up to 31.14%, highlighting the need for specific interventions to improve the work environment and the well-being of employees
Evolution in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer: a PRISMA 2020 systematic review
Authors: Morillo Cano Julio Rodrigo , Castro Galárraga Mely Anahí , Orbe Cerón Fátima Fernanda
Published: December 2024

Breast cancer is the most common neoplasm and one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality in women worldwide, presenting significant challenges in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. The objective of the study was to systematically and critically review the scientific literature published between 2020 and 2024 on breast cancer, with an emphasis on advances in diagnostics, therapeutics, and the understanding of its risk factors and biomarkers, to identify trends and gaps in current knowledge. A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, analyzing 19,038 articles identified in PubMed, from which 10 key studies were selected based on their relevance, methodological quality, and significant contributions. The results show that the integration of genomic, immunohistochemical, and immunological biomarkers has improved diagnosis and treatment personalization, especially in aggressive subtypes such as triple-negative breast cancer. Prevention is progressing with models integrating factors like mammographic density and polygenic risk, although barriers to implementation persist. Moreover, global disparities in diagnosis and treatment reflect structural inequities, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Innovations in targeted therapies are expanding options for advanced and metastatic cases. In conclusion, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for breast cancer have evolved significantly during the studied period, contributing to a more personalized and effective approach, yet challenges related to equity, accessibility, and the global implementation of advancements remain
Classification of Malaria Parasite Plasmodium Falciparum Based on Blood Smear Images Using Support Vector Machine Approach
Authors: Chamidah Nur , Saifudin Toha , Rulaningtyas Riries , Mawardi Adam Anargya , Wardhani Puspa , Budiantara I Nyoman , Akhwal Siregar Naufal Ramadhan Al
Published: December 2024

Malaria remained a significant global health issue, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. The disease resulted in a substantial number of clinical cases and deaths each year, with high-risk groups including infants, toddlers, and pregnant women. Accurate and prompt diagnosis was a key factor in managing the disease. To address this issue, the research aimed to develop an automated system for the classification of Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites based on blood smear images. The methods employed included image feature selection using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the Support Vector Machine (SVM) approach for classification. The research findings indicated that in the image feature selection process, the category of normal malaria exhibited distinctive characteristics with PC1 and PC2 values that tended to be negative and dispersed, whereas the category of parasitic malaria displayed greater variability in both PC1 and PC2 components. Furthermore, the evaluation of the classification system's accuracy using SVM with three different kernel types showed promising results. The average accuracy through K-fold cross-validation for the polyinomial, linear, and radial basis function kernels was 96.7%, 98.9%, and 94.4%, respectively. These results highlighted the significant potential of SVM utilization in the classification of Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites based on blood smear images.
Impact of preprocessing on the results of thyroid function evaluations
Authors: Guato Canchinia Diego Eduardo , Maldonado Mariño Edisson Vladimir , Morales Pilataxi Myriam Lizeth , Ramos Velastegui Alexander Javier
Published: December 2024

Accuracy in thyroid hormone measurements has been a crucial step in the diagnosis and management of thyroid disorders. However, preanalytical factors such as choice of laboratory materials, diet, and sample preparation conditions have been found to significantly affect test results. Therefore, the present study has focused on analyzing the influence of these preanalytical factors on thyroid hormone tests, as well as the impact on diagnostic accuracy. In addition, establishing guidelines to optimize the quality of clinical results and improve the management of thyroid diseases. To achieve these purposes, aspects such as the selection of collection tubes, the quality of the reagents and the impact of the diet on the results have been evaluated. The findings indicated that tubes with separating gel and anticoagulants negatively affect TSH and FT4 measurements. While food intake before extraction significantly alters TSH and FT4 levels. Although equilibrium dialysis is accurate for measuring FT4, it has been influenced by adsorption on surfaces and storage conditions. In conclusion, observations have highlighted the need to standardize preanalytical procedures and use appropriate materials to improve the accuracy of hormonal testing. In conjunction with the implementation of guidelines based on practices and scientific evidence that optimize the quality of clinical results and improve the management of thyroid diseases
Most frequent sexually transmitted infections in adolescence. Educational proposal for its prevention
Authors: León Revelo Erika Marcela
Published: December 2024

The research aimed to explore the incidence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among adolescents attending the Nuevo San Rafael Health Center, focusing on identifying risk factors and assessing the effectiveness of educational strategies. The study utilized a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative and quantitative data, with a sample size of 180 adolescents selected from a population of 350. Data collection involved surveys and statistical analysis to establish correlations between risk factors and infection rates. The results indicated that a significant percentage of adolescents lacked proper knowledge about sexual health and safe practices, with 77% not knowing how to effectively use condoms and 52% never attending sexual health check-ups. These gaps in knowledge and healthcare engagement are critical, as Chlamydia trachomatis is a frequently asymptomatic infection that can lead to severe complications if untreated. The study also highlighted the prevalence of risky behaviors, including multiple sexual partners and substance use during sexual activities, which are significant contributors to the spread of this infection. The research concluded that there is an urgent need for targeted educational interventions to improve sexual health awareness and preventive practices among adolescents. The findings underscore the importance of early education and regular health check-ups in preventing the spread of Chlamydia trachomatis and other sexually transmitted infections, advocating for the implementation of comprehensive sexual education programs in schools and healthcare facilities
AI Use by Ukrainian Law Enforcement in Combating Crime at Critical Infrastructure Facilities
Authors: Herasymenko Oleksadr , Artemov Volodymyr , Kravtsev Oleksii , Yunin Oleksandr , Fedorchuk Yaroslav
Published: December 2024

Introduction: The use of artificial intelligence by law enforcement agencies has been one of the most pivotal tools in recent years concerning criminal offenses, particularly those affecting critical infrastructure facilities. This study bridges a critical gap in the existing academic literature that has often overlooked local challenges and unique features faced by Ukrainian law enforcement agencies. It focuses mainly on evaluating the introduction and integration process of an artificial intelligence system in reducing crimes and improving their threat response activities at crucial infrastructure points across Ukraine. The combination of such methodologies involves qualitative interviewing, including top-ranking representatives; analysis of performance reports with the involvement of AI; and case in-depth studies including AI-related practice. Results have pointed out that AI significantly enhances the real-time threat monitoring capability of Ukrainian law enforcement, advanced detection, and predictive analytics.This progress contributed to a significant reduction in criminal incidents at critical infrastructure facilities and allowed for more effective use of resources, quicker response times, and better operational coordination. The same study identified challenges, including data privacy concerns, regulatory gaps, and the pressing need for advanced training programs that would meet the current AI needs. The study's conclusions emphasize the innovative nature of AI integration within Ukraine’s law enforcement framework, offering actionable recommendations for addressing existing challenges. Its novelty lies in providing a focused analysis of AI's practical applications in a Ukrainian context. Future research should explore cross-country comparisons, ethical implications, and the long-term impact of AI on legal systems and operational efficiency, contributing to broader discussions on technology-driven law enforcement strategies
The Effect of School Culture, and Stress Management on Teacher’s Organizational Commitment in Senior High School in District of Padang Lawas
Authors: Siregar Astri Novia
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to determine: (1) the effect of school culture on stress management, (2) the effect of school culture on teacher’s organizational commitment, (3) the effect of stress management on teacher’s organizational commitment. This study uses quantitative methods, the model used is the path analysis with inferential data analysis techniques. The population in this study are all teachers of senior high school in the district of Padang Lawas, amounting to 214 teachers. The research sample was determined by using a proportional stratified random sampling technique to obtain a sample of 137 teachers. The research instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire. The results of this study found: (1) there is a direct and significant effect of school culture on the management of work stress with correlation coefficient = 0,253 with a contribution of direct effect of 6%, (2) there is a direct and significant effect of school culture on teachers' organizational commitment with correlation coefficient = 0,233 with a contribution effect of 5%, (3) there is a direct and significant effect of work stress management on organizational commitment of teachers are direct and significant effect of stress management on organizational commitment of teachers working with a correlation coefficient of 0,217 with a contribution of R = the effect of 5%
The Influence of Campus Environment and Human Resource Management on Productivity in Economics Faculty Students at Medan State University
Authors: Putri Nada Deliza , Khairunnisa Khairunnisa , Sianturi Reni Marlina , Hutauruk Naomi , Fahyed Fadhil Al , Siregar Zulkarnain
Published: December 2024

The study aims to analyze the impact of campus environment and human resource management on productivity in economics faculty students at Medan State University. This research applies quantitative methods to study the relationship between the various variables. The free variables in this study are student productivity with its bound variables namely campus environment and human resource management. The data in this study is primary data by spreading the questionnaire as a data collection method. Respondents to this study were 80 students at the Faculty of Economics of State University of Medan. The hypothesis was tested with the help of SmartPLS software. Based on the test the researchers found that the campus environment and human resource management had a positive and significant influence on student productivity.
Utilization of Toba Batak Traditional Culinary as Teaching Material for BIPA Learning Based on Local Wisdom
Authors: Manurung Sophia Veronica , Sitompul Candy Carobelli , Ritonga Putri Luthfiyah , Situmorang Anisah , Harahap Safinatul Hasanah
Published: December 2024

This study aims to describe the utilization of traditional Toba Batak culinary as teaching material in learning Indonesian for Foreign Speakers (BIPA) based on local wisdom. The method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection through observation, in-depth interviews, documentation studies, and literature studies. The research subjects included BIPA teachers, BIPA participants, and sources related to traditional Toba Batak culinary. Data analysis was done inductively by reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study describe the process of selecting and preparing BIPA teaching materials that integrate traditional Toba Batak culinary elements as a representation of local wisdom. The teaching materials include aspects of language, cultural knowledge, and language skills by utilizing the Toba Batak culinary context. This study reveals the challenges and strategies in presenting local wisdom in BIPA teaching materials as well as the perceptions of teachers and participants towards the use of traditional culinary-based teaching materials. The research findings can be a reference in developing BIPA teaching materials that are contextual, interesting, and provide an understanding of the richness of Indonesian culture, especially Toba Batak culture.
Population: How and Why It Matters
Authors: Concepcion Mercedes
Published: December 2024

The Philippines experienced a four-fold increase in population from 1948 to 2000. Based on previously published papers on population, this paper analyzes the effects of the country's demographic changes on the economy, on poverty and family, on agriculture and natural resources, and their implications on economic, social, and population policies.
Data have shown the negative effect of an increase in population on the economic growth of the country. The paper further explained this by describing the transition that the population would go through when the fertility rate diminishes. According to studies presented, a country going through the demographic transition would first experience an increase in the child dependency ratio, which will eventually be followed by an increase in the working-age group and later on by the growing old-age dependency ratio. It was also concluded that an increase in fertility rates could lead to an increase in poverty rates and its intensity. This was supported by the general notion that poverty and large family size go together. Another problem caused by population growth is the issue of environmental degradation.
Based on these, five sets of policies were presented on maximizing the well-being of individuals and families: (a) undoing any existing policy-induced distortions; (b) instituting a variety of economic policies that strengthen land, labor, and financial markets and encourage broad-based income growth; (c) developing a range of social programs, including education and health programs; (d) promulgating policies and programs that improve the status of women; and (e) ensuring the availability of and access to family planning information and services.
Food Security and Safety Through Science and Technology
Authors: Lorenzo, Jr. Luis
Published: December 2024

The uncontrolled growth of population has resulted in increased demand for food and conversion of agricultural lands for industrial use. The potentials of science and technology are being tapped in addressing these problems.
In this paper, four major technology transfer concerns from the developed to the developing countries were presented. These are: (i) the steep decline of international funding and aid for agricultural R&D and Extension; (ii) the impassable roadblocks against developing countries in a bid to catch up with developed countries in scientific innovations; (iii) the failure of developing countries to sustain the adoption of the Green Revolution; and (iv) the need to establish a partnership of technology transfer between developed countries and developing countries.
As a result, the Department of Agriculture identified priority commodities such as rice, corn and livestock, fisheries and seaweeds, sugar, coconut and intercrops. Roadmaps were also developed to help the country achieve improved levels of food security and confidence building among the greater number of farmers and fisherfolk.
Scientists were challenged to help strengthen the agricultural sector of the country to enable it to compete internationally.
The Rice Problem in the Philippines: Trends, Constraints, and Policy Imperatives
Authors: Balisacan Arsenio , Ravago Majah Leah
Published: December 2024

This paper examines the performance of the rice sector over the last three decades. The rice sector accounts for 30% of Philippine agriculture's gross value added. It is the single most important source of livelihood among small farmers and landless agricultural workers, who also comprise 40% of the total labor force. Rice production and importation fluctuated in the past forty years. The productive years, 1977 and 1983, during which the country was even able to export rice at some point, were short-lived. During most of the ensuing years, given the low growth of productivity and rapidly growing population, consumption increasingly outpaced production. Imports rose with population growth, especially in the second half of the 1990s when the country was also beset by the El Niño phenomenon. With the country's joining the WTO, Congress passed Republic Act 8178, which lifted all quantitative import restrictions in agriculture except rice. While the overall tariff protection for agriculture is 13.3%, the tariff equivalent of the present QR of rice from 1995-2002 is 67.2%. The exemption of tariffication of rice QRs is due to expire in 2004. The rice and agriculture problem was analyzed using the Agricultural Policy Simulation Model, a multi-market simulation model of Philippine agriculture, with two scenarios: a business-as-usual agenda and a strong reform agenda. The business-as-usual simulation results suggested that yield growth rates in the medium term are low by historical and international standards, and poverty reduction is low. On the other hand, the strong reform agenda scenario suggested reduced domestic agricultural prices arising from the reduction in tariffs and removal of QRs. Furthermore, the impact on poverty is high in the medium term; poverty incidence is lower by 10 percentage points.
Immunization Program of the Department of Health in the Face of the Demographic Crisis
Authors: Cabotaje Myrna
Published: December 2024

The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) of the Department of Health is a priority public health program aimed at reducing the morbidity and mortality among children against the seven vaccine-preventable diseases: polio, measles, neonatal tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis, hepatitis B, and extrapulmonary tuberculosis. EPI strategies include routine immunization, national and subnational campaigns, and outbreak-response campaigns. Demographics play a very important role in the planning and implementation of public health programs. An increase in population translates to a greater budgetary requirement for routine and special immunization activities. Some of the related issues concern the determination of more reliable population statistics, updating the birth rate and fertility rate values, inclusion of new vaccines, and expansion of services to other high-risk groups. The challenges to DOH and local government units are outlined.
Competitiveness in Engineering RD
Authors: Sabularse Raul
Published: December 2024

In today's globalizing economies, both developed and developing countries acknowledge the importance of investing in education and manpower resources to propel economic growth. The country's state of industrialization and economic growth entails a corollary demand for highly skilled manpower, including scientists and researchers, to bring about the desired progress.
In line with the need to develop human resources in science and technology, the Department of Science and Technology (DOST), particularly through the Philippine Council for Industry and Energy Research and Development (PCIERD), has been stimulating and supporting research activities in identified priority areas. Linkages among the academe, industry, and government agencies have been strengthened to effectively carry out S&T programs and projects.
Water Supply in Cebu, Philippines: A Case Study
Authors: van Engelen Herman
Published: December 2024

This paper focuses on the water supply of Cebu City and the island because it is a contained supply and consumption system with some historical data. It intends to show that understanding nature's water supply system is essential for sound management of a water distribution system. From 1911 until World War II, Cebu relied on surface water (Buhisan Dam) and groundwater (Jagobiao) spring for its distribution system. After the war, deep wells were added to the system. From 1974 to the present, substantial foreign input analyzed the local situation and provided possible solutions. This paper further points out what has to be done at the present time to ensure that Cebu will have potable water for its people.
Exchange Relations, Economic History, and Philippine Institutions
Authors: de Dios Emmanuel
Published: December 2024

Institutions have come to be recognized among the "deep determinants" of economic development. Institutions are defined [7] as "social factors—rules, beliefs, norms, and organizations—that guide, enable, and constrain the actions of individuals, thereby generating regularities of behavior." Institutions surrounding and affecting exchange are particularly important in economic development in light of the principle that in giving rise to specialization, exchange promotes productivity growth. Both in history and in principle, an expanding scope of exchange creates a demand for impersonal rules that go beyond immediate personal relationships to include more comprehensive common responsibility systems, and on to third-party enforcement mechanisms including the state.
This paper contributes to the hypothesis that a good deal of past Philippine underdevelopment was due to the restriction of trade, and, more importantly, that such a restriction bore consequences for the subsequent development of Philippine institutions. The Spanish conquest suppressed the pre-existing free trade that existed between native communities and China and the South, replacing this instead by the mercantilist institutions, notably the galleon trade. For a great part of the Spanish occupation, domestic trade itself was also discouraged through arbitrary impositions, confiscation of goods by the colonial authorities, as well as the misguided formal restriction of credit transactions. The effect was not merely to severely limit wealth generation among the native population of the time, but more importantly to prevent the emergence of institutions that would facilitate impersonal exchange separated in time and covering long distances. In particular, an experience of effective and impartial law failed to develop. What law there was, as embodied, e.g., in royal ordinances, failed to correspond with facts on the ground and was violated arbitrarily by colonial officials and agencies.
It is then suggested that from this pattern may have originated some of the problems that plague even current Philippine institutions, including the continuing reliance on exceptions-based personal relationships rather than on impersonal rules, the weak definition of property rights and enforcement of contracts, and the lack of restraints on the actions of the powerful actors and hence their inability to make credible commitments.
Astronomia e Astrologia
Authors: Buffon Alessandra Daniela
Published: December 2024

A Astronomia é considerada a Ciência mais antiga, tendo seus primeiros registros ainda na antiguidade, período em que muitas explicações científicas eram pautadas em aspectos místicos e de observação do céu diurno / noturno. No que diz respeito ao Ensino de Astronomia, tem-se seus primeiros registros na década de 1970, por meio da primeira tese da área e do Museu de Ciência de Campinas. Desde então, diferentes pautas de discussões e inserções no currículo da Educação Básica tem sido observado, tornando cada vez mais presente a Astronomia no cotidiano escolar. Em contrapartida, pautas relacionadas a Astrologia, tem estado cada vez mais presentes na educação básica e, consequentemente, nos centros universitários, sinalizando a necessidade de explanar a diferença entre Astronomia e Astrologia. Nessa perspectiva, essa oficina tem como objetivo abordar as diferenças entre Astronomia e Astrologia, utilizando como recurso didático diferentes atividades práticas, tais como: o uso de maquetes e de simuladores do céu. Ao fim da oficina, espera-se que os participantes consigam distinguir astronomia de astrologia, bem como apontar as principais diferenças entre elas. Por fim, o oficineiro deve saber como desconstruir a astrologia em sala de aula a partir da prática, da observação e da criticidade, bem como, evidenciar os principais aspectos relacionados a Astronomia. Número de vagas: 20. Duração: 2 horas.
Análise de vídeos de aulas de Matemática
Authors: Rodrigues Paulo Henrique
Published: December 2024

A análise de vídeos tem sido discutida frequentemente no âmbito da formação de professores como potencial para o processo de aprendizagem docente, principalmente por possibilitar, dentre outros aspectos, o desenvolvimento de reflexões que impactam suas respectivas identidades profissionais (Van es; Sherin, 2002; 2007; Rodrigues; Cyrino, 2015; Rodrigues, 2019). O objetivo dessa oficina é possibilitar, aos participantes, o desenvolvimento de reflexões a respeito de vídeos de aulas de Matemática, da Educação Básica e do Ensino Superior. Para isso, pretende-se propor alguns vídeos, que registram práticas de ensino fundamentadas em processos investigativos, e analisa-los coletivamente, de maneira que algumas características sejam debatidas, como o tipo de pensamento dos estudantes, a estratégia metodológica utilizada pelo professor, o conteúdo matemático, dentre outros. Tais vídeos integram um recurso multimídia para o trabalho com (futuros) professores em formação, que visam, dentre outros aspectos, problematizar aspectos da prática pedagógica fundamentados em uma perspectiva alternativa de ensino. Os vídeos serão apresentados coletivamente aos participantes. Em seguida, discussões coletivas a respeito de seus aspectos serão mobilizadas. Por fim, os estudantes se organizarão em grupos e registrarão, de maneira escrita, características da perspectiva de ensino utilizada, evidenciadas por meio das análises dos vídeos e das discussões desencadeadas. Espera-se que o trabalho com a oficina possibilite o desenvolvimento de aprendizagens com relação a perspectivas alternativas de ensino na Educação Matemática.
EDO na perspectiva do Ensino Exploratório de Matemática
Authors: Peres Marcos Vinicius de Oliveira , Oliveira Laís Maria Costa Pires de
Published: December 2024

Este estudo apresenta uma proposta de aula pautada na perspectiva do Ensino Exploratório de Matemática (EEM) para o trabalho com Equações Diferenciais Ordinárias (EDOs) com alunos do Ensino Superior. A partir de uma tarefa que propõe a investigação do comportamento da temperatura da água com o passar do tempo são contextualizadas fases de uma aula no EEM, a saber: introdução da tarefa, desenvolvimento da tarefa pelos alunos, discussão coletiva da tarefa e sistematização das aprendizagens matemáticas, momento em que se deve apresentar a Lei de Aquecimento/Resfriamento de Newton. Espera-se que com esta proposta alunos que cursam a disciplina de EDO possam vivenciar o estudo e a utilização de conceitos matemáticos em situações não matemáticas, de seu cotidiano, possibilitando uma compreensão aprofundada do processo de experimentação e das soluções de EDOs no contexto de fenômenos físicos, como o aquecimento ou resfriamento de corpos.
Relato de Experiência
Authors: Xavier Gabriel Henrique Dourado , Motta Isabela de Souza Cardoso , Ruiz Isadora Maronêz , Gerlach Maria Carolina , Brambilla Tatiane Gonçalves , Andrade Cíntia Cristiane de
Published: December 2024

Este relato de experiência descreve uma aula prática realizada com uma turma do 2º ano do Ensino Médio para calcular a área de uma quadra com formato de trapézio, sem o uso direto de fórmulas convencionais. A atividade foi desenvolvida em cinco etapas: apresentação do problema, medição das bordas, construção de um modelo geométrico, decomposição do trapézio em figuras geométricas simples e cálculo da área total por aproximação. Os alunos utilizaram ferramentas básicas, como cordas, trenas e calculadoras, para realizar as medições e cálculos. A experiência teve como objetivo estimular a capacidade de resolução de problemas, além de demonstrar que métodos alternativos de cálculo podem ser eficientes. No final, comparou-se a área aproximada com o cálculo exato, destacando a eficácia do método.
Modelo predictivo de machine learning para el servicio de orientación vocacional hacia los estudiantes de secundaria en la Gerencia Regional de Trabajo y Promoción del Empleo Cusco 2024
Authors: Silva-Zarate Malu Beatriz , Aquino-Cruz Mario
Published: December 2024

Este trabajo de investigación comparó tres modelos predictivos de Machine Learning: Árbol de Decisiones, Redes Neuronales y Regresión Logística, con el objetivo de identificar cuál fue el más adecuado para mejorar el servicio de orientación vocacional dirigido a estudiantes de secundaria. La orientación vocacional ha sido un desafío global, ya que muchos jóvenes no tenían claridad sobre qué carrera seguir, lo que a menudo resultaba en decisiones equivocadas y arrepentimientos posteriores. A través del test vocacional IEPPO, se evaluaron las respuestas de los estudiantes utilizando la metodología KDD. Los modelos fueron entrenados y evaluados utilizando Python, utilizando métricas como exactitud, precisión y recall. Los resultados indicaron que el modelo Árbol de Decisiones fue el más efectivo, alcanzando una exactitud del 99.82%, una precisión del 99.83% y un recall del 99.82%, superando a las Redes Neuronales y la Regresión Logística. Estas conclusiones resaltaron la capacidad del Árbol de Decisiones para mejorar el proceso de orientación vocacional, proporcionando una herramienta precisa y confiable para guiar a los estudiantes en su elección de carrera.