bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New species and phylogeny of landhoppers in the genus Waematau Duncan, 1994 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae) from northern New Zealand
Authors: BALL OLIVIER J.-P. , WEBBER W. RICHARD , SHEPHERD LARA D.
Published: August 2017

The talitrid landhopper genus Waematau Duncan, 1994 is restricted to the northern North Island of New Zealand. Six species of Waematau from Te Paki Ecological District are documented. Three known species, Waematau muriwhenua Duncan, 1994, W. reinga Duncan, 1994 and W. unuwhao Duncan, 1994, are redescribed and three new species, W. kohuroa sp. nov., W. rereke sp. nov. and W. ringanohinohi sp. nov. are described, bringing the total number of known Waematau species to eight. A molecular phylogenetic analysis of all eight known Waematau species was conducted using DNA sequences from the CO1, 16S and histone H3 loci. Results show a high degree of congruence between the molecular phylogeny and morphological characters distinguishing the species. Molecular analysis also supports recognition of the three new species, despite low levels of interspecific morphological variation for certain traits. We identify the most obvious morphological indicators of evolutionary change between closely related species of Waematau, and predict that the New Zealand landhopper fauna is richer than currently recognised.
Polymorphism and inconsistencies in the taxonomy of Diplodinium anisacanthum da Cunha, 1914 (Ciliophora, Entodiniomorphida, Ophryoscolecidae) and taxonomic notes on the genus Diplodinium Schuberg, 1888
Authors: CEDROLA FRANCIANE , DIAS ROBERTO JÚNIO PEDROSO , MARTINELE ISABEL , D’AGOSTO MARTA
Published: August 2017

The genus Diplodinium includes 31 species of ophryoscolecid ciliates with two retractable ciliary zones in the anterior end of the body, with no skeletal plates, inclined macronucleus and two contractile vacuoles. They have a broad geographical distribution and low host specificity. The genus has several taxonomic inconsistencies, mainly due to polymorphism of most species. Diplodinium anisacanthum is a case of taxonomic inconsistency in the genus. It presents polymorphism in posterior end of the body, so it is considered a polymorphic species or seven distinct species. This study presents the morphological characterization of six D. anisacanthum morphotypes based on general morphology, morphometric analysis and oral infraciliature characterization and taxonomic notes on the genus Diplodinium. The morphological and morphometric characterization of D. anisacanthum showed great similiarities among morphotypes suggesting that these ciliates constitute a single species with polymorphisms. A brief review conducted highlights the inconsistencies in the taxonomy of the genus Diplodinium and demonstrates the need for recent studies with representatives of the genus. There is no information on how polymorphism of Diplodinium anisacanthum morphotypes correlates to molecular data, since there are only two sequences of this species available in the GenBank database.
Late Cretaceous species of Vologesia (Echinoidea, Cassiduloida) from northern Spain
Authors: SCHLÜTER NILS , WIESE FRANK
Published: August 2017

A new species of the echinolampadid genus Vologesia, V. rollingstones sp. nov., is recorded from the lower Campanian of northern Cantabria (Spain). Additionally, material of Vologesia toucasi, of late Santonian age, is described from the same area; this species had previously been noted only for southern France.
Crossing the Indian Ocean: a range extension for Goreopagurus poorei Lemaitre & McLaughlin, 2003 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Paguridae)
Authors: LANDSCHOFF JANNES , LEMAITRE RAFAEL
Published: August 2017

Goreopagurus poorei Lemaitre & McLaughlin, 2003, a hermit crab of the family Paguridae previously known only from off eastern Tasmania in the Tasman Sea, has been discovered in the western Indian Ocean off the coast of South Africa, extending considerably the range of this species by 10,100 km to the west. While this finding represents a large range extension, similar wide ranges are frequent and well known in other deep-water decapods including paguroids. Colour information and minor morphological variations are presented to complement the morphological information provided in the original description. Genetic sequence data is also provided for future use in phylogenetic and biogeographic studies.
Chromatopterum (Diptera, Chloropidae), a newly recorded genus from China, and description of two new species
Authors: LIU XIAOYAN , NARTSHUK EMILIA P. , YANG DING
Published: August 2017

The genus Chromatopterum Becker is newly recorded from China. The following two described species are new to science: C. brevicercum sp. nov. and C. longiclavatum sp. nov. A key to the species of genus Chromatopterum from the world is given.
Analysis of the Heat Index in the Mesoamerica and Caribbean Region
Authors: Ramirez-Beltran Nazario D. , Gonzalez Jorge E. , Castro Joan M. , Angeles Moises , Harmsen Eric W. , Salazar Cesar M.
Published: August 2017

Hourly data collected from ground stations were used to study the maximum daytime heat index Hi in the Mesoamerica and Caribbean Sea (MAC) region for a 35-yr period (1980–2014). Observations of Hi revealed larger values during the rainy season and smaller values during the dry season. The Hi climatology exhibits the largest values in Mesoamerica, followed by the Greater Antilles and then by the Lesser Antilles. The trend in Hi indicates a notable increasing pattern of 0.05°C yr−1 (0.10°F yr−1), and the trends are more prominent in Mesoamerica than in Caribbean countries. This work also includes the analysis of heat index extreme events (HIEE). Usually the extreme values of the heat index are used for advising heat warning events, and it was found that 45 HIEEs occurred during the studied period. The average duration of HIEE was 2.4 days, and the average relative intensity (excess over the threshold) was 2.4°C (4.3°F). It was found that 82% of HIEE lasted 2 or 2.5 days and 80% exhibited relative intensity of 3°C (5.4°F) or less. It was also found that the frequency of extreme events has intensified since 1991, with the highest incidences occurring in 1995, 1998, 2005 and 2010, and these years coincide with the cool phase of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Therefore, the occurrences of HIEE in the MAC region appear to be at least partially influenced by ENSO episodes.
The Relationship between Northern Hemisphere Winter Blocking and Tropical Modes of Variability
Authors: Gollan Gereon , Greatbatch Richard J.
Published: August 2017

In the present study, the influence of some major tropical modes of variability on Northern Hemisphere regional blocking frequency variability during boreal winter is investigated. Reanalysis data and an ensemble experiment with the ECMWF model using relaxation toward the ERA-Interim data inside the tropics are used. The tropical modes under investigation are El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), and the upper-tropospheric equatorial zonal-mean zonal wind [[Formula: see text]] E. An early (late) MJO phase refers to the part of the MJO cycle when enhanced (suppressed) precipitation occurs over the western Indian Ocean and suppressed (enhanced) precipitation occurs over the Maritime Continent and the western tropical Pacific. Over the North Pacific sector, it is found that enhanced (suppressed) high-latitude blocking occurs in association with El Niño (La Niña) events, late (early) MJO phases, and westerly (easterly) [[Formula: see text]] E. Over central to southern Europe and the east Atlantic, it is found that late MJO phases, as well as a suppressed MJO, are leading to enhanced blocking frequency. Furthermore, early (late) MJO phases are followed by blocking anomalies over the western North Atlantic region, similar to those associated with a positive (negative) North Atlantic Oscillation. Over northern Europe, the easterly (westerly) phase of [[Formula: see text]] E is associated with enhanced (suppressed) blocking. These results are largely confirmed by both the reanalysis and the model experiment.
The Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones. Part I: Cyclone Evolution and Direct Impacts
Authors: Evans Clark , Wood Kimberly M. , Aberson Sim D. , Archambault Heather M. , Milrad Shawn M. , Bosart Lance F. , Corbosiero Kristen L. , Davis Christopher A. , Dias Pinto João R. , Doyle James , Fogarty Chris , Galarneau Thomas J. , Grams Christian M. , Griffin Kyle S. , Gyakum John , Hart Robert E. , Kitabatake Naoko , Lentink Hilke S. , McTaggart-Cowan Ron , Perrie William , Quinting Julian F. D. , Reynolds Carolyn A. , Riemer Michael , Ritchie Elizabeth A. , Sun Yujuan , Zhang Fuqing
Published: August 2017

Extratropical transition (ET) is the process by which a tropical cyclone, upon encountering a baroclinic environment and reduced sea surface temperature at higher latitudes, transforms into an extratropical cyclone. This process is influenced by, and influences, phenomena from the tropics to the midlatitudes and from the meso- to the planetary scales to extents that vary between individual events. Motivated in part by recent high-impact and/or extensively observed events such as North Atlantic Hurricane Sandy in 2012 and western North Pacific Typhoon Sinlaku in 2008, this review details advances in understanding and predicting ET since the publication of an earlier review in 2003. Methods for diagnosing ET in reanalysis, observational, and model-forecast datasets are discussed. New climatologies for the eastern North Pacific and southwest Indian Oceans are presented alongside updates to western North Pacific and North Atlantic Ocean climatologies. Advances in understanding and, in some cases, modeling the direct impacts of ET-related wind, waves, and precipitation are noted. Improved understanding of structural evolution throughout the transformation stage of ET fostered in large part by novel aircraft observations collected in several recent ET events is highlighted. Predictive skill for operational and numerical model ET-related forecasts is discussed along with environmental factors influencing posttransition cyclone structure and evolution. Operational ET forecast and analysis practices and challenges are detailed. In particular, some challenges of effective hazard communication for the evolving threats posed by a tropical cyclone during and after transition are introduced. This review concludes with recommendations for future work to further improve understanding, forecasts, and hazard communication.
The Challenges of Becoming a White Ally
Authors: Sue Derald Wing
Published: August 2017

The four articles in this Major Contribution represent a major step toward defining, identifying, discussing, and analyzing the many internal and external challenges faced by White individuals on their journeys to developing nonracist and antiracist identities. I attempt to extract important White ally themes from the contributions, indicate areas of concern, stress that being nonracist is not enough, and point to an important area of preparation that would aid White individuals in becoming allies in the struggle for equal rights.
Allies for Life? Lessons From White Scholars of Multicultural Psychology
Authors: Spanierman Lisa B. , Poteat V. Paul , Whittaker Valene A. , Schlosser Lewis Z. , Arévalo Avalos Marvyn R.
Published: August 2017

This article reports on a qualitative investigation conducted to assess how White multicultural scholars have responded to critical questions raised in the 1990s about their roles and responsibilities in multicultural psychology. We used the consensual qualitative research method to analyze semistructured interview data from 12 leading White scholars of multicultural psychology. Findings revealed 10 domains with nuanced categories within each. Key themes addressed: (a) antecedents of participants’ interest and commitments to multicultural theory and research, (b) how participants understood Whiteness broadly, and how it influenced their multicultural scholarship specifically, (c) rewards and challenges of conducting multicultural research, and (d) recommendations for future White counseling psychologists. Implications for training and future research are provided.
Whiteness and Serendipity
Authors: Cross William E. , Reinhardt Jessica S.
Published: August 2017

The current focus on Whiteness is timely, as the papers included in the Major Contribution extend the discourse first presented by The Counseling Psychologist in 1993. The articles explore the evolution of White allies in a naturalistic and phenomenological way, as there is heavy reliance on current allies telling the story of their sojourn toward becoming relevant. Although mentoring played a critical factor in the evolution of many allies, serendipity best described the nature of a person’s epiphany, trigger, or turning point. There is irony in the fact that most students enter counseling psychology with a tendency to emphasize a color-blind or universalist perspective about the nature of humanity, yet most counseling psychology programs may actually reinforce these attitudes by exposing students to theory suggesting people are more alike than different with regard to intrapsychic and personality dynamics.
Culture, Emotions, and the Cold Shoulder: Cultural Differences in the Anger and Sadness Response to Ostracism
Authors: Kimel Sasha Y. , Mischkowski Dominik , Kitayama Shinobu , Uchida Yukiko
Published: August 2017

Ostracism is pervasive across a wide range of cultures. However, little is currently known about how it may be experienced emotionally across cultures. In the current work, we drew on prior cross-cultural evidence and predicted that Westerners would construe social rejection as unfair and unjustifiable (an appraisal consistent with independent self-construal and linked to the emotion of anger) while Easterners would construe the same event not only as unfair but also as situationally constrained and, thus, also “inevitable” (an appraisal consistent with interdependent self-construal and linked to sadness). As predicted, after social rejection within the Cyberball paradigm, European Americans reported experiencing more anger than sadness while East Asians/East Asian Americans (Study 1) and Japanese (Study 2) showed no difference in their levels of these two emotions. In addition, we also found that, compared with European Americans, East Asians/East Asian Americans showed similar levels of overall negative reactions to social rejection (Study 1) while Japanese had a stronger negative response (Study 2). Our findings underscore the central role of culture in shaping the experience of social rejection and suggest possible ways in which people with different cultural backgrounds may cope with it.
Impact of Selection Bias on Treatment Effect Size Estimates in Randomized Trials of Oral Health Interventions: A Meta-epidemiological Study
Authors: Saltaji H. , Armijo-Olivo S. , Cummings G.G. , Amin M. , da Costa B.R. , Flores-Mir C.
Published: August 2017

Emerging evidence suggests that design flaws of randomized controlled trials can result in over- or underestimation of the treatment effect size (ES). The objective of this study was to examine associations between treatment ES estimates and adequacy of sequence generation, allocation concealment, and baseline comparability among a sample of oral health randomized controlled trials. For our analysis, we selected all meta-analyses that included a minimum of 5 oral health randomized controlled trials and used continuous outcomes. We extracted data, in duplicate, related to items of selection bias (sequence generation, allocation concealment, and baseline comparability) in the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Using a 2-level meta-meta-analytic approach with a random effects model to allow for intra- and inter-meta-analysis heterogeneity, we quantified the impact of selection bias on the magnitude of ES estimates. We identified 64 meta-analyses, including 540 randomized controlled trials analyzing 137,957 patients. Sequence generation was judged to be adequate (at low risk of bias) in 32% ( n = 173) of trials, and baseline comparability was judged to be adequate in 77.8% of trials. Allocation concealment was unclear in the majority of trials ( n = 458, 84.8%). We identified significantly larger treatment ES estimates in trials that had inadequate/unknown sequence generation (difference in ES = 0.13; 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.25) and inadequate/unknown allocation concealment (difference in ES = 0.15; 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.27). In contrast, baseline imbalance (difference in ES = 0.01, 95% CI: –0.09 to 0.12) was not associated with inflated or underestimated ES. In conclusion, treatment ES estimates were 0.13 and 0.15 larger in trials with inadequate/unknown sequence generation and inadequate/unknown allocation concealment, respectively. Therefore, authors of systematic reviews using oral health randomized controlled trials should perform sensitivity analyses based on the adequacy of sequence generation and allocation concealment.
Quality-of-Life in Children with Orofacial Clefts and Caregiver Well-being
Authors: Sischo L. , Wilson-Genderson M. , Broder H.L.
Published: August 2017

Quality of life is a valid patient-reported parameter that provides an assessment of treatment need or outcomes complementary to standard clinical measures. Such patient-reported assessments are particularly salient when examining chronic conditions with prolonged treatment trajectories, such as cleft lip and palate. This critical review identifies key questions related to ongoing research on the oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children with cleft and caregiver well-being. Details of the design and results from 2 longitudinal multicenter studies are presented. This article also provides an update on recent published reports regarding OHRQoL in individuals with cleft. Methodological issues in OHRQoL research are discussed, including condition-specific versus generic instruments, incorporating positive items in OHRQoL instruments, calculating minimally important differences in OHRQoL, implementing mixed methods design, and utilizing validated short assessment forms in OHRQoL research. Finally, new directions for research in cleft as a chronic condition are identified and discussed.
Impact of Adult Attachment Anxiety on Deception Judgments: Examining the Moderating Effect of Motivation
Authors: Wu Song , Cai Wei , Zhang Yanjun , Liu Ying , Jin Shenghua
Published: August 2017

Several psychologists have paid attention to individual differences in deception detection, but only a few studies have found significant results. The present study aimed to explore the relationship between attachment anxiety and deception judgment when there are no obvious cues to distinguish lies from truth, and to examine the moderating effect of motives. Participants were instructed to judge each of 10 audios on whether they were true or false. Subsequently, the attachment anxiety of participants was assessed using the Experiences in Close Relationships questionnaire. Results revealed that, compared with people who had low attachment anxiety, those with high attachment anxiety tend to have higher truth biases in the low-motive condition and lower accuracy in the high-motive condition.
Using Systems Science to Inform Population Health Strategies in Local Health Departments: A Case Study in San Antonio, Texas
Authors: Li Yan , Padrón Norma A. , Mangla Anil T. , Russo Pamela G. , Schlenker Thomas , Pagán José A.
Published: August 2017

Objectives:

Because of state and federal health care reform, local health departments play an increasingly prominent role leading and coordinating disease prevention programs in the United States. This case study shows how a local health department working in chronic disease prevention and management can use systems science and evidence-based decision making to inform program selection, implementation, and assessment; enhance engagement with local health systems and organizations; and possibly optimize health care delivery and population health.

Methods:

The authors built a systems-science agent-based simulation model of diabetes progression for the San Antonio Metropolitan Health District, a local health department, to simulate health and cost outcomes for the population of San Antonio for a 20-year period (2015-2034) using 2 scenarios: 1 in which hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values for a population were similar to the current distribution of values in San Antonio, and the other with a hypothetical 1-percentage-point reduction in HbA1c values.

Results:

They projected that a 1-percentage-point reduction in HbA1c would lead to a decrease in the 20-year prevalence of end-stage renal disease from 1.7% to 0.9%, lower extremity amputation from 4.6% to 2.9%, blindness from 15.1% to 10.7%, myocardial infarction from 23.8% to 17.9%, and stroke from 9.8% to 7.2%. They estimated annual direct medical cost savings (in 2015 US dollars) from reducing HbA1c by 1 percentage point ranging from $6842 (myocardial infarction) to $39 800 (end-stage renal disease) for each averted case of diabetes complications.

Conclusions:

Local health departments could benefit from the use of systems science and evidence-based decision making to estimate public health program effectiveness and costs, calculate return on investment, and develop a business case for adopting programs.
Pilot Testing a Digital Career Literacy Training for Vocational Rehabilitation Professionals
Authors: Goe Rebecca , Ipsen Catherine , Bliss Stacey
Published: August 2017

Digital career literacy encompasses the skills needed to find and maintain employment in the modern job market. Unfortunately, many state vocational rehabilitation (VR) professionals report feeling unprepared to help their consumers with digital career literacy tasks. To address this gap, we developed and tested five training webinars with VR professionals in Montana, Alabama, and Washington. We randomly assigned VR offices to intervention or control group. VR professionals in the intervention group received access to the training webinars. We collected survey data at baseline and 4 months after the intervention’s conclusion ( n = 136). A repeated measures ANOVA showed significant group by factor effects in counselor preparedness to use online tools during the VR process (intervention group: M1 = 24.41, SD1 = 7.62; M2 = 28.76, SD2 = 7.27; control group: M1 = 25.94, SD1 = 8.64; M2 = 27.21, SD2 = 9.14); F(1, 124) = 5.957, p = .016. A McNemar nonparametric test indicated that more VR professionals in the intervention group reported using LinkedIn at the 4-month follow-up, as compared with the control group ( p = .039). There were no significant changes in use of other online tools. This may relate to administrative policies that do not provide clear guidelines for using online tools in the counseling process.
Keeping Minorities Happy: Hierarchy Maintenance and Whites’ Decreased Support for Highly Identified White Politicians
Authors: Jun Sora , Lowery Brian S. , Guillory Lucia
Published: August 2017

We test the hypothesis that, to avoid provoking minorities, Whites will withhold their support for White political candidates who are highly identified with their race. In Study 1, we found that White Republicans were less supportive of White candidates the higher the perceived White identity of the candidate due to beliefs that such candidates would provoke racial minorities. In Study 2, we replicated this effect with a manipulation of candidates’ White identity. Study 3 found that Whites reported less support for high-identity candidates when they were led to believe that the hierarchy was unstable rather than stable. Consistent with our hypothesis that those who have the most to lose are most likely to avoid provoking minorities, in Study 4, we found that Whites with high subjective socioeconomic status (SES) varied their support for provocative White candidates as a function of hierarchy stability, whereas those with low subjective SES did not.
A Meta-Analysis: School-Based Intervention Programs Targeting Psychosocial Factors for Gifted Racial/Ethnic Minority Students
Authors: Woo Hongryun , Bang Na Mi , Cauley Bridget , Choi Namok
Published: August 2017

This meta-analysis of five studies examined the effect of school-based intervention programs on psychosocial well-being of gifted racial/ethnic minority students in K–12 school settings. Analyses determined the overall effect sizes for various intervention programs and compared the effect sizes for subgroups by grade (i.e., elementary vs. secondary) and program developer (i.e., local district vs. national institution). Results indicated a significant impact of school-based intervention programs on students’ psychosocial well-being overall. The impact did not significantly differ by grade or program developer. The significance of these results is discussed.
Approaches to Evaluate Lung Inflammation in Translational Research
Authors: Meyerholz David K. , Sieren Jessica C. , Beck Amanda P. , Flaherty Heather A.
Published: August 2017

Inflammation is a common feature in several types of lung disease and is a frequent end point to validate lung disease models, evaluate genetic or environmental impact on disease severity, or test the efficacy of new therapies. Questions relevant to a study should be defined during experimental design and techniques selected to specifically address these scientific queries. In this review, the authors focus primarily on the breadth of techniques to evaluate lung inflammation that have both clinical and preclinical applications. Stratification of approaches to assess lung inflammation can diminish weaknesses inherent to each technique, provide data validation, and increase the reproducibility of a study. Specialized techniques (eg, imaging, pathology) often require experienced personnel to collect, evaluate, and interpret the data; these experts should be active contributors to the research team through reporting of the data. Scoring of tissue lesions is a useful method to transform observational pathologic data into semiquantitative or quantitative data for statistical analysis and enhanced rigor. Each technique to evaluate lung inflammation has advantages and limitations; understanding these parameters can help identify approaches that best complement one another to increase the rigor and translational significance of data.
Prolactinoma in a Dog
Authors: Cosio Cristina , Sartori Elena , Garatti Marcello , Luccardini Lorenzo , Grinwis G.C.M. , Kooistra Hans S. , Fracassi Federico
Published: August 2017

A 12-year-old male Yorkshire Terrier was presented because of decreased appetite. Physical examination revealed mammary gland swelling and galactorrhea. Contrast-enhanced computed tomographic scanning of the skull indicated an enlarged pituitary gland, compatible with a pituitary tumor. The serum prolactin concentration was markedly elevated. One week after the start of treatment with the dopamine agonist cabergoline, the serum prolactin concentration normalized and the galactorrhea resolved. Cabergoline was administered for approximately 4 months and then discontinued. Subsequently, serum prolactin concentration increased again, and mammary gland swelling and galactorrhea reappeared. The dog was euthanized 10 months after the first detection of the galactorrhea because of problems not directly related to pituitary disease. Postmortem examination revealed an infiltrative adenoma of the pituitary gland with immunolabeling for prolactin. The clinical and histopathologic findings indicated the diagnosis of a functional prolactinoma in a male dog.
Regime Change in 1950s Ireland
Authors: Barry Frank , O’Mahony Clare
Published: August 2017

The new Irish export-oriented foreign direct investment (FDI) regime of the 1950s was an inter-party government initiative that facilitated the later Whitaker and Lemass–led dismantling of protectionist trade barriers. The potential opposition of protectionist-era industry to the new FDI regime was defused by confining the new tax relief to profits derived solely from exports, by allocating new industrial grants only to firms that ‘would not compete in the home market with existing firms’, and by retaining the Control of Manufactures Acts of the 1930s that imposed restrictions on foreign ownership. The fact that the United States had overtaken the United Kingdom as the major global source of FDI made it easier to secure Fianna Fáil support. US firms were particularly interested in access to European Economic Community (EEC) markets, however, which was not within Ireland’s gift. The export processing zone at Shannon, which might be seen as Lemass’s response to the inter-party initiatives, proved to be of immediate appeal to them. US firms would come to predominate in the non-Shannon region only after Ireland’s entry to the EEC.
Charting Directions for Research on Immigrant Children Affected by Undocumented Status
Authors: Zayas Luis H. , Brabeck Kalina M. , Heffron Laurie Cook , Dreby Joanna , Calzada Esther J. , Parra-Cardona J. Rubén , Dettlaff Alan J. , Heidbrink Lauren , Perreira Krista M. , Yoshikawa Hirokazu
Published: August 2017

Three groups of children from Mexico and Central America are vulnerable to effects of U.S. immigration policies: (1) foreign-born children who entered the United States with undocumented immigrant parents; (2) unaccompanied children who entered the United States alone; and (3) U.S.-born citizen-children of undocumented immigrant parents. Despite the recent demographic growth of these youth, scholarship on their strengths and challenges is under-theorized and isolated within specific disciplines. Hence, service providers, researchers, and policymakers have insufficient research to inform their efforts to support the children’s well-being. A group of scholars and service providers with expertise in immigrant children convened to establish consensus areas and identify gaps in knowledge of undocumented, unaccompanied, and citizen-children of undocumented immigrant parents. The primary goal was to establish a research agenda that increases interdisciplinary collaborations, informs clinical practice, and influences policies. This report summarizes key issues and recommendations that emerged from the meeting.
Toxicity identification and evaluation for the effluent from a nonmetallic mineral mining facility in Korea using D. magna
Authors: Lee Sungjong , Ha Hongjoo , Hong JinKyung , Kang Guyoung , Hong Chunsang
Published: August 2017

Industrial wastewater has attracted increasing attention in recent years because of its impact on ecosystems and human health. Whole-effluent tests are generally used to monitor toxicities of unknown chemicals and conventional pollutants from industrial effluent discharges. This study described identification evaluation (TIE) procedures to determine the acute toxicity of a nonmetallic mineral mining facility effluent that was toxic to Daphnia magna. In the characterization step (TIE phase I), toxic effects of heavy metals, organic compounds, oxidants, volatile organic compounds, suspended solids, and ammonia were screened. Results revealed that the source of toxicity was beyond these toxicants. Chemical analysis (TIE phase II) of total dissolved solid showed that the concentration of chloride ion (15,302.5 mg/L) was substantially higher than the predicted EC50 value for D. magna. Chemical analysis for heavy metal and ionic materials used ion chromatography and induced coupled plasma–optic emission spectroscopy. In the confirmation step (TIE phase III), using spiking and deletion approaches, it was demonstrated that chloride ion was the main toxicant in this effluent. Concentrations of potassium (317.5 mg/L), magnesium (970.5 mg/L), sodium (8595.3 mg/L), and sulfate (2854.3 mg/L) were not high enough to cause toxicity to D. magna. Finally, we concluded that chloride was the main toxicant in the nonmetallic mineral mining facility effluent. Based on these results, advanced treatment processes such as ion exchange and reverse osmosis technology are recommended to treat wastewater in this and similar situations. Further research is needed to provide technical support for toxin identification and evaluation of various types of wastewater treatment plant discharge.
The single and synergistic effects of montmorillonite and curcumin-loaded chitosan microparticles incorporated onto poly(lactic acid) electrospun film on wound-healing
Authors: Naseri-Nosar Mahdi , Salehi Majid , Farzamfar Saeed , Azami Mahmoud
Published: August 2017

In this study, the single and synergistic effects of montmorillonite and curcumin-loaded chitosan microparticles incorporated onto the polylactic acid films were investigated on full-thickness excisional wounds of rats . The polylactic acid microfibrillated film was electrospun from a 10% (w/v) polylactic acid in chloroform solution. The curcumin-loaded chitosan microparticles were prepared via ionic gelation technique with high drug loading and encapsulation efficiency. The alkaline-treated polylactic acid films were assembled with positively charged chitosan as the first layer and the negatively charged montmorillonite (NC dressing), curcumin-loaded chitosan microparticles (CCM dressing), and their mixture (1:1 (v/v); NC/CCM dressing) as the second layer via layer-by-layer self-assembly technique. The montmorillonite incorporation increased the hydrophobicity and water vapor transmission rate of the CCM dressing but decreased its water-uptake capacity. The films showed good cytocompatibility to L929 fibroblastic cell line, and the in vivo wound-closure percentage result showed that CCM > NC > NC/CCM > sterile gauze. The overall result indicated that the montmorillonite and curcumin-loaded chitosan microparticles had no considerable positive synergistic effects onwound-healing.
Artificial Hydration at the End of Life
Authors: Bear Alexandria J. , Bukowy Elizabeth A. , Patel Jayshil J.
Published: August 2017

Initiation or continuation of artificial hydration (AH) at the end of life requires unique considerations. A combination of ethical precedents and medical literature may provide clinical guidance on how to use AH at the end of life. The purpose of this review is to describe the ethical framework for and review current literature relating to the indications, benefits, and risks of AH at the end of life. Provider, patient, and family perspectives will also be discussed.
Powerful Times: Flexible Discipline and Schedule Gifts at Work
Authors: Wood Alex J
Published: August 2017

This article uses two ethnographic retail case studies to investigate contemporary workplace control. The findings highlight how flexible scheduling has serious consequences for workers and causes insecurity. This provides managers with a powerful and unaccountable mechanism for securing control. The benefits for managers of using flexible scheduling to secure control are shown to be its ambiguity and flexibility. Moreover, flexible scheduling creates an environment where workers must continually strive to maintain managers’ favour. Little evidence is found to suggest that this control is aided by work games obscuring workplace relations. Flexible scheduling does, however, enable misrecognition of workplace relations due to the schedule gifts which it entails. Schedule gifts act to bind workers to managers’ interests through feelings of gratitude and moral obligation.
Gamma-irradiated β-glucan modulates signaling molecular targets of hepatocellular carcinoma in rats
Authors: Elsonbaty Sawsan M , Zahran Walid E , Moawed Fatma SM
Published: August 2017

β-glucans are one of the most abundant forms of polysaccharides known as biological response modifiers which influence host’s biological response and stimulate immune system. Accordingly, this study was initiated to evaluate irradiated β-glucan as a modulator for cellular signaling growth factors involved in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma in rats. Hepatocellular carcinoma was induced with 20 mg diethylnitrosamine/kg BW. Rats received daily by gastric gavage 65 mg irradiated β-glucan/kg BW. It was found that treatment of rats with diethylnitrosamine induced hepatic injury and caused significant increase in liver injury markers with a concomitant significant increase in both hepatic oxidative and inflammatory indices: alpha-fetoprotein, interferon gamma, and interleukin 6 in comparison with normal and irradiated β-glucan–treated groups. Western immunoblotting showed a significant increase in the signaling growth factors: extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1 and phosphoinositide 3-kinase proteins in a diethylnitrosamine-treated group while both preventive and therapeutic irradiated β-glucan treatments recorded significant improvement versus diethylnitrosamine group via the modulation of growth factors that encounters hepatic toxicity. The transcript levels of vascular endothelial growth factor A and inducible nitric oxide synthase genes were significantly higher in the diethylnitrosamine-treated group in comparison with controls. Preventive and therapeutic treatments with irradiated β-glucan demonstrated that the transcript level of these genes was significantly decreased which demonstrates the protective effect of β-glucan. Histological investigations revealed that diethylnitrosamine treatment affects the hepatic architecture throughout the significant severe appearance of inflammatory cell infiltration in the portal area and congestion in the portal vein in association with severe degeneration and dysplasia in hepatocytes all over hepatic parenchyma. The severity of hepatic architecture changes was significantly decreased with both β-glucan therapeutic and preventive treatments. In conclusion, irradiated β-glucan modulated signal growth factors, vascular endothelial growth factor A, extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1, and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, which contributed to experimental hepatocarcinogenesis.
Staying ‘stoked’: Surfing, ageing and post-youth identities
Authors: Wheaton Belinda
Published: August 2017

Surfing has consistently been framed as a youth focused, male-dominated sport and culture. Despite surfing’s ageing demographic, neither the ways in which age impacts on surfing identities and mobilities, nor older surfer’s experiences and subjectivities, has been given scholarly attention. In this paper, I discuss research exploring the experiences and identities of middle-aged and older recreational male and female surfers in the south and south-west of England. The research illustrates that participation in surfing as a sport and lifestyle remains highly significant for some men and women through middle-age and into retirement. I consider the cultural barriers and challenges in dealing with a loss in physical performance through ageing, such as adaptations to their equipment, performance, and style, and the implications for how individuals negotiate bodily capital, space and identity. Nonetheless, older surfers also embrace different ways of being a surfer which challenge some of the more exclusionary aspects of surfing identities. Theoretically the paper develops an intersectional approach to sporting identity that explicitly recognises and accounts for the contribution of age to social identity. The research also contributes to the growing literature on physically active ‘post-youth’ leisure lifestyles, illustrating how shifting definitions of ageing have given ‘rise to new expectations, priorities and understandings’ of sporting lifestyles amongst those in middle age, and beyond.
Capacitance changes in thin piezoelectric transducers embedded in isotropic host materials
Authors: Elvin Niell , Elvin Alex , Senderos Bruno Zamorano
Published: August 2017

Constraining a piezoelectric material from freely expanding causes a reduction in capacitance. This reduction in capacitance has implications in energy harvesting, active vibration control, and ultrasonic sensing. This article investigates the reduction in capacitance when a thin piezoelectric disk is embedded in an isotropic host material. Both simplified (one-dimensional axisymmetric) and computational (finite element two-dimensional axisymmetric) analyses have been presented and used to calculate the expected reduction in capacitance of thin embedded piezoelectric disks for a number of ceramic-based piezoelectric materials. The analyses show that there is a non-linear relationship between the capacitance and the elastic modulus of the host material; with increasing host modulus, capacitance initially decreases rapidly but then asymptotically converges to the fully constrained case. A simplified equivalent spring axisymmetric model has been derived from the finite element model and has been used to explain some of the key geometric and material properties that effect the reduction in embedded capacitance. Preliminary experimental results show some agreement with the derived models; however, substantial further validation is required. Some implications of the derived results for energy harvesting are also discussed.
Free vibration analysis of micro-magneto-electro-elastic cylindrical sandwich panel considering functionally graded carbon nanotube–reinforced nanocomposite face sheets, various circuit boundary conditions, and temperature-dependent material properties using high-order sandwich panel theory and modified strain gradient theory
Authors: Mohammadimehr M , Akhavan Alavi SM , Okhravi SV , Edjtahed SH
Published: August 2017

In this article, based on high-order sandwich panel theory and modified strain gradient theory, free vibration analysis of a micro-magneto-electro-elastic sandwich panel with a transversely flexible core and functionally graded carbon nanotube–reinforced nanocomposite face sheets is investigated. Also, the influences of temperature-dependent material properties and various circuit boundary conditions such as open and closed are considered in this study. Carbon nanotubes are arranged in longitudinal direction inside polyvinylidene fluoride matrix with various functionally graded (FG) distributions such as uniform, FG-V, FG-A, FG-X, and FG-O in the face sheets. The generalized rule of mixture is employed to predict mechanical, electrical, magnetic, and thermal properties of micro-sandwich composite panel. The classical shell theory and an elasticity high-order theory are used for the face sheets and the core, respectively. Then, the governing equations of motion are derived using Hamilton’s principle. In this article, the influences of the volume fraction, the various distributions of carbon nanotubes, the multi-physical fields, open- and closed-circuit boundary conditions, the material length scale parameters, different face sheet and core thicknesses, and temperature changes on the natural frequency are investigated, and the obtained results show that these influences play an important role in the natural frequencies and can be used in order to prevent the resonance phenomenon and also for manufacturing process design and optimization of micro-magneto-electro-elastic composite sandwich cylindrical panels.
Development of friction-induced triboluminescent sensor for load monitoring
Authors: Shohag Md Abu S , Jiang Zhengqian , Hammel Emily C , Braga Carani Lucas , Olawale David O , Dickens Tarik J , Wang Hui , Okoli Okenwa I
Published: August 2017

Real-time load monitoring of critical civil and mechanical structures especially dynamic structures such as wind turbine blades is imperative for longer service life. This article proposed a novel sensor system based on the proprietary in situ triboluminescent optical fiber (ITOF) sensor for dynamic load monitoring. The new ITOF sensor patch consists of an ITOF sensor network with micro-exciters integrated within a polymer matrix. The sensor patch was subjected to repeated flexural loading and produced triboluminescent emissions due to the friction between micro-exciters and ITOF sensors corresponding to each loading cycle. The friction-induced triboluminescent intensity directly depends on the loading rate, the coefficient of friction, and the applied load on patch. In general, the triboluminescent intensity increases exponentially with an increase in load. Additionally, the sensor patches comprising the coarser micro-exciters exhibited better results. Similarly, better results were achieved at higher loading rates although a threshold loading rate is required to excite the triboluminescent crystals for this sample configuration. The proposed new sensor has the ability to monitor dynamic continuous applied loads.
Reference-free dynamic displacements of railroad bridges using low-cost sensors
Authors: Gomez Jose A , Ozdagli Ali I , Moreu Fernando
Published: August 2017

Displacements of railroad bridges under service loads are important parameters in assessing bridge conditions and risk of train derailment, according to railroad bridge managers. Measuring bridge responses in the field is often expensive and challenging due to the high costs of sensing equipment. Consequently, railroad bridge managers typically rent or subcontract field measurements to others or choose not to collect dynamic data in the field and make visual inspections. This article studies the use of a low-cost data acquisition platform to measure reference-free dynamic displacements of railroad bridges by combining low-cost microcontrollers and accelerometers. Researchers used off-the-shelf systems to measure accelerations and reconstructed reference-free displacements from several railroad bridge crossing events by running trains with different levels of serviceability in the laboratory. The results obtained from the proposed low-cost sensors were compared with those of commercial sensing equipment. The results show that low-cost sensors and commercial sensing systems have comparable accuracy. The results of this study show that the proposed platform estimates reference-free displacements with a peak error between 20% and 30% and a root mean square error between 10% and 20%, which is similar to commercial structural health monitoring systems. The proposed low-cost system is approximately 300 times less expensive than the commercial sensing equipment. The ultimate goal of this research is to increase the intelligent assessment of bridges by training owners and inspectors to collect dynamic data of their interest with their own resources.
Struggles Over Antibiotics: Physicians’ Stance-Taking Toward a Nonconforming Policy in an Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Caronia Letizia , Saglietti Marzia
Published: August 2017

One of the most pressing contemporary health care challenges consists in rethinking antibiotic use to contrast the increase of multidrug resistant bacteria. Drawing on an ethnographic fieldwork in an Intensive Care Unit that adopts a nonconforming policy of antibiotic stewardship, this article analyzes doctor–doctor interaction concerning infectious disease diagnosis and antibiotic treatment. By analyzing examples of medical decision-making from a corpus of video-recorded morning briefings, we focus on physicians’ stance-taking toward the ward’s nonconforming policy and illustrate how it is contingently situated along a continuum from strong commitment to overt resistance. We suggest that physicians’ oscillating stance-taking is favored by the moral load of following an extreme and “off-label” policy and, in turn, impacts on the way this policy is practically accomplished as a highly reflective interactional achievement by the team members.