bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The fully developed remnant of a neutrino-driven supernova
Authors: Orlando S. , Wongwathanarat A. , Janka H.-T. , Miceli M. , Ono M. , Nagataki S. , Bocchino F. , Peres G.
Published: December 2020

Context. The remnants of core-collapse supernovae (SNe) are probes of the physical processes associated with their parent SNe.

Aims. Here we aim to explore to which extent the remnant keeps memory of the asymmetries that develop stochastically in the neutrino-heating layer due to hydrodynamic instabilities (e.g., convective overturn and the standing accretion shock instability; SASI) during the first second after core bounce.

Methods. We coupled a three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic model of a neutrino-driven SN explosion, which has the potential to reproduce the observed morphology of the Cassiopeia A (Cas A) remnant, with 3D (magneto)-hydrodynamic simulations of the remnant formation. The simulations cover ≈2000 yr of expansion and include all physical processes relevant to describe the complexities in the SN evolution and the subsequent interaction of the stellar debris with the wind of the progenitor star.

Results. The interaction of large-scale asymmetries left from the earliest phases of the explosion with the reverse shock produces, at the age of ≈350 yr, an ejecta structure and a remnant morphology which are remarkably similar to those observed in Cas A. Small-scale structures in the large-scale Fe-rich plumes that were created during the initial stages of the SN, combined with hydrodynamic instabilities that develop after the passage of the reverse shock, naturally produce a pattern of ring- and crown-like structures of shocked ejecta. The consequence is a spatial inversion of the ejecta layers with Si-rich ejecta being physically interior to Fe-rich ejecta. The full-fledged remnant shows voids and cavities in the innermost unshocked ejecta, which are physically connected with ring-like features of shocked ejecta in the main shell in most cases, resulting from the expansion of Fe-rich plumes and their inflation due to the decay of radioactive species. The asymmetric distributions of 44Ti and 56Fe, which are mostly concentrated in the northern hemisphere, and pointing opposite to the kick velocity of the neutron star, as well as their abundance ratio are both compatible with those inferred from high-energy observations of Chandra and NuSTAR. Finally, the simulations show that the fingerprints of the SN can still be visible ≈2000 yr after the explosion.

Conclusions. The main asymmetries and features observed in the ejecta distribution of Cas A can be explained by the interaction of the reverse shock with the initial large-scale asymmetries that developed from stochastic processes (e.g., convective overturn and SASI activity) that originate during the first seconds of the SN blast.
Seeds of Life in Space (SOLIS)
Authors: Benedettini M. , Viti S. , Codella C. , Ceccarelli C. , Neri R. , López-Sepulcre A. , Bianchi E. , Busquet G. , Caselli P. , Fontani F. , Lefloch B. , Podio L. , Spezzano S. , Vastel C.
Published: December 2020

Context. The isotopic ratio of nitrogen presents a wide range of values in the Solar System: from ~140 in meteorites and comets to 441 in the solar wind. In star-forming systems, we observe even a higher spread of ~150–1000. The origin of these differences is still unclear.

Aims. Chemical reactions in the gas phase are one of the possible processes that could modify the 14N/15N ratio. We aim to investigate if and how the passage of a shock wave in the interstellar medium, which activates a rich chemistry, can affect the relative fraction of nitrogen isotopes. The ideal place for such a study is the chemically rich outflow powered by the L1157-mm protostar, where several shocked clumps are present.

Methods. We present the first measurement of the 14N/15N ratio in the two shocked clumps, B1 and B0, of the protostellar outflow L1157. The measurement is derived from the interferometeric maps of the H13CN (1–0) and the HC15N (1–0) lines obtained with the NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) interferometer as part of the Seeds of Life in Space (SOLIS) programme.

Results. In B1, we find that the H13CN (1–0) and HC15N (1–0) emission traces the front of the clump, that is the apex of the shocked region, where the fast jet impacts the lower velocity medium with an averaged column density of N(H13CN) ~ 7 × 1012 cm−2 and N(HC15N) ~ 2 × 1012 cm−2. In this region, the ratio H13CN (1–0)/HC15N (1–0) is almost uniform with an average value of ~5 ± 1. The same average value is also measured in the smaller clump B0e. Assuming the standard 12C/13C = 68, we obtain 14N/15N = 340 ± 70. This ratio is similar to those usually found with the same species in prestellar cores and protostars. We analysed the prediction of a chemical shock model for several shock conditions and we found that the nitrogen and carbon fractionations do not vary much for the first period after the shock. The observed H13CN/HC15N can be reproduced by a non-dissociative, C-type shock with pre-shock density n(H) = 105 cm−3, shock velocity Vs between 20 and 40 km s−1, and cosmic-ray ionization rate of 3 × 10−16 s−1; this agrees with previous modelling of other chemical species in L1157-B1.

Conclusions. Both observations and chemical models indicate that the rich chemistry activated by the shock propagation does not affect the nitrogen isotopic ratio, which remains similar to that measured in lower temperature gas in prestellar cores and protostellar envelopes.
Evaluation of business environment in China based on data analysis of the World Bank
Authors: JIANG He , CAO Yonghui
Published: December 2020

with the increasingly fierce global competition, the state attaches great importance to the construction of business environment. In order to adapt to the requirements of the new era, building a good business environment has become an inevitable choice for every country and region. This study finds out the gap and makes up for the short board by comparing with the top foreign economies. At the same time, this study uses the international advanced experience for reference from the perspective of examination, in order to promote the optimization of business environment in all parts of China through correct policy choice and institutional innovation.
An empirical study on the key success factors of ppp-based PCA in the big data environment -- a case study of China
Authors: Su Bowen , Hu Qiliang
Published: December 2020

Public-private partnerships (PPPS) are increasingly being used in the construction of public services such as infrastructure in China. In the process of PPP project implementation, there are successes and failures, and the key factors of success are not completely clear. In order to identify the key factors for the success of PPP projects in the big data environment, PCA analysis is used to solve the problem of how to identify the key factors for the success of PPP projects in the big data environment. By studying the big data of PPP project and relevant literature at home and abroad, 32 potential key factors for success were constructed. The key success factors of PPP project were analyzed by questionnaire survey and principal component analysis. The results show that the 32 key factors for success can be summarized into five categories: political and economic environment, project development and operation management, government support and participation, government credit and commitment, strength of stakeholders, and factors of project bidding and procurement. Among the five factors, the key factors for the success of PPP projects are the continuous optimization of PPP policies, the rational project risk sharing mechanism, the guarantee and commitment of the government, the integrity and stability of government personnel, the satisfaction of public interests, and the complete financial analysis. This PCA method effectively solves the key factors for the success of PPP projects in the big data environment, ensures the smooth implementation of PPP projects, and promotes the long-term development of PPP projects.
Research on Corporate Social Responsibility Governance of Internet Platform Enterprises Empowered by Big Data
Authors: Zhang Fei , Xu Shiwei
Published: December 2020

Big data analysis and processing technology are developing rapidly, and the application fields have continued to expand. Internet platform enterprises have fully enjoyed the technological dividends. In terms of their social responsibility governance, new breakthroughs could be achieved through big data empowerment. Firstly, the important role of big data empowerment in enterprise management is clarified, and the paper analyzes the characteristics of Internet platform industry. Considering the complex situation Internet platform enterprises are facing up with, a big data empowerment method is proposed to take on better governance of corporate social responsibility. Then, the research presents a comprehensive theoretical framework of “The Model of Big Data Empowerment in Social Responsibility Governance of Internet platform enterprises”. It reveals that, big data empowerment provides a new dimension of social responsibility governance model for Internet platform enterprises, and the rational use of big data related technologies will help companies to better fulfill their social responsibilities.
Analysis of The Influence of Big Data on The Cost Control of Tianbao Green Food Company
Authors: Xu Zhou , Ji Xiaoli , Wang Junfeng , Guo Tianyu
Published: December 2020

In the era of big data, the cost control of enterprises is important, and the cost is still the main factor affecting the competitiveness of enterprises. Data information occurs in every part of an enterprise. If these data are collected reasonably and analyzed with professional software system, the effect of enterprise cost control could be quantified. This paper takes Tianbao green food company as an example, studies its cost control situation, summarizes the existing problems in cost control of the company, and analyzes how to use big data to control cost for purchasing, storage, producing and sales.
Design and Application of Bank Big Data Platform Based on Hadoop Technology
Authors: Dong Hao , Han Wenquan
Published: December 2020

At present, the design of big data platforms for many domestic banks is still insufficient. This article builds a Hadoop-based bank big data platform based on the big data platform construction experience of a large state-owned commercial bank. By introducing cutting-edge mainstream big data open-source tools, the overall architecture of the big data platform of commercial banks is built. At the same time, this article discusses critical technical solutions such as storage engine, resource management, calculation engine, analysis engine, interactive front end, and data management, task management, and user management to build a bank’s big data platform. This article hopes to provide a reference for other banks to make big data platforms.
The Impact of State-owned Urban Land Leasing on Intention to Reside of Migrant Labors
Authors: Jiang Mingfeng
Published: December 2020

Based on the data of the 74310 individual migrant labors from 250 cities that distribute uniformly in China, taking the fiscal stress of the local governments as the instrumental variable due to endogeneity, the IV-probit models indicate that: the area of state-owned urban land leasing promotes the overall intention to reside of migrant labors. Besides, the use structure of urban land leasing matters as well. Land leasing for public service effects the intention to reside positively while land leasing for house building and the secondary industry restrain the intention through mediators like education, house price and industry scale. State-owned urban land leasing for the tertiary industry is proven uncorrelated with the intention to reside, however. It is advised that the local governments ought to choose the urban land leasing structure with larger proportion of land for public service and less proportion of residential and industrial land to strengthen the intention to reside of migrant labors.
Research on Perceived Image of Historical and Cultural District Based on Grounded Theory——Take Dashilan as an example
Authors: Kun WANG
Published: December 2020

This article collects tourists’ online comments on Ctrip.com, a historical and cultural block in Dashilan, Beijing. Based on grounded theory and text content analysis tool ROST.CM6, it analyzes the perception image of tourists in historical and cultural blocks. Positive perception factors include tourism resources, tourism environment, reception, and traffic location. Negative perception factors can be divided into three aspects: tourism soft environment, reception, and tourism product. Corresponding improvement suggestions are proposed for tourists’ negative perceptions.
Research on the Evaluation of Innovation Efficiency and Its Influencing Factors in 11 Eastern Coastal Provinces and Cities: Based on Three-stage DEA and Tobit Models
Authors: Xie-yong Wang , Xiao-xian Chen
Published: December 2020

Based on panel data from 2008 to 2017, a BCC model and a DEA-Tobit model based on a three- stage DEA method are established to study the regional innovation capabilities and their influencing factors of 11 provinces and cities in the eastern coastal areas of China. The research finds that the innovation efficiency in the eastern coastal areas is still far from the frontier of innovation efficiency, and the low scale efficiency is the main factor restricting its development. In terms of influencing factors of innovation efficiency, improving technological level, optimizing market environment, and expanding enterprise scale can improve regional innovation efficiency, while the irrational expansion of the financial industry will hinder the development of innovation capabilities. Based on the research conclusions, policy suggestions such as actively exerting the effects of industrial agglomeration, deepening the reform of old industrial bases, and optimizing the innovation environment are put forward.
Analysis on the Obstacles for China to Become a Financial Superpower
Authors: Zhang Xiaoya
Published: December 2020

This study draws the following conclusion through the analysis method of literature review. At present, the most important factor that hinders China becoming a financial superpower is the increase of the control of capital outflow, what will weaken the trust between the capital outflow country and foreign investors, and destroy the relationship established by the country on the international platform. In addition, China’s aging population increases the huge debt increase is also the reason why it is difficult to becomes a financial superpower. This paper puts forward some remedial measures for these challenges. One way is one belt and one road initiative to reduce state control of capital and regulate the monetary system. These actions will help China compete with other developed countries as a financial superpower. There are three reasons for this conclusion. Firstly, when compared to other global superpowers like the United States and the United Kingdom, China is still lagging behind in terms of its GDP. Moreover, the state has monopolized a lot of financial decisions in the country such as capital outflows and therefore curbing economic growth. Thirdly, the State control has spilled over to the foreign exchange market and the country has been known to limit its currency lending capacity. Therefore, the internalization of their currency has halted.
The Impact of OFDI on the Technical Complexity of High-tech Industry Export in Home Country
Authors: Liu Chunxiang , Gao Yalan
Published: December 2020

This paper calculates the technical complexity of high-tech industry export in 38 countries from 1997 to 2017, discusses the mechanism of OFDI on the technical complexity of high-tech industry export in the home country, and empirically tests the impact of OFDI on the technical complexity of high-tech industry export in the home country by using the System GMM method of dynamic panel data model. The results show that OFDI can improve the technical complexity of high-tech industry export in the home country. After further analysis, it is found that OFDI can only significantly improve the technical complexity of high-tech industry exports from developing countries, but to a certain extent inhibit the developed countries. In addition, FDI, R & D investment, human capital, openness to the outside world and self owned technology can promote the export technology complexity of a country’s high-tech industry, while the impact of capital endowment on the export technology complexity of developed and developing countries’ high-tech industry is different.
Predicting S&P 500 Market Price by Deep Neural Network and Enemble Model
Authors: Wang Feiyu
Published: December 2020

The method to predict the movement of stock market has appealed to scientists for decades. In this article, we use three different models to tackle that problem. In particular, we propose a Deep Neural Network (DNN) to predict the intraday direction of SP500 index and compare the DNN with two conventional machine learning models, i.e. linear regression, support vector machine. We demonstrate that DNN is able to predict SP500 index with relatively highest accuracy.
Organizational Structure And Standard Development Procedures Of standard Development Organizations——Comparative Research Based On Domestic And Foreign Perspectives
Authors: Xianghua Zhu
Published: December 2020

This paper takes the typical foreign standard development organizations IEEE, ASTM, W3C, and IETF as examples to analyze the characteristics of organizational structure and standard developing procedures. These four organizations are typical representative of foreign SDOs which can be divided into two categories, one is represented by IEEE and ASTM which are legal entities and their standardization organization structure and standard development procedures are relatively fixed. The other is represented by W3C and IETF, which are relatively loose and open and their standardization organizations and standard development process are more flexible. At the same time, this paper also selects the top ten social organizations that are active on the Chinese national information platform of social organization standard. Compared with foreign social organizations, it is found that their standardization organization structures are not transparent enough and too concentrated. It also found that the standard development process of Chinese social organization is relatively simple and lack of innovation.
Multidimensional Innovation, Heterogeneity of Property Rights and Enterprise Productivity
Authors: Wang Shujun
Published: December 2020

This paper constructed a fixed effect model of panel data, taking the full factor productivity as a measure of enterprise productivity. This paper empirically studies the effect of multi-dimensional innovation on enterprise productivity, examining the relationship between multi-dimensional innovation level and enterprise productivity of different ownership enterprises. This paper finds that the multidimensional innovation of almost all types of enterprises take a notable promotion role on their productivity on the whole, while the specific dimensions have different effects. In the end, this paper analyzes the causes of this situation, which also proposes the corresponding suggestions.
Machine Learning in Stock Price Forecast
Authors: Sun Zhen , Zhao Shangmei
Published: December 2020

This paper analyzed and compared the forecast effect of three machine learning algorithms (multiple linear regression, random forest and LSTM network) in stock price forecast using the closing price data of NASDAQ ETF and data of statistical factors. The test results show that the prediction effect of the closing price data is better than that of statistical factors, but the difference is not significant. Multiple linear regression is most suitable for stock price forecast. The second is random forest, which is prone to overfitting. The forecast effect of LSTM network is the worst and the values of RMSE and MAPE were the highest. The forecast effect of future stock price using closing price of NASDAQ ETF is better than that using statistical factors, but the difference is not significant.
Research on the Influence of Economic Policy Uncertainty on the Supply Chain Finance
Authors: Wang Li , Wang Huimin , Wang Jian
Published: December 2020

Based on the background of continuous increasing external economic uncertainty, this paper builds GARCH-MIDAS model to explore the volatility of copper price caused by global economic policy uncertainty in copper supply chain finance and analyzes the changes of refined copper supply and demand caused by this volatility. It is found that the increases of economic policy uncertainty will enhance the long- term volatility of copper. Moreover, the violent fluctuation of copper price caused by the impact of powerful economic policy uncertainty will weaken the demand confidence of refined copper market and lead to the phenomenon of oversupply. On the contrary, the moderate fluctuation of copper price due to the impact of weak economic policy uncertainty will boost the demand confidence of refined copper market and lead to the phenomenon of short supply.
Finance Fraud Detection With Neural Network
Authors: YANG Yang , CHEN Rong , BAI Xiao , CHEN DeHeng
Published: December 2020

The payment card industry has grown increasingly with the development of online business. However, payment card fraud has become a serious problem around the world. Companies and banks lost huge amounts of dollars annually due to fraud. It is necessary to investigate a learning algorithm to detect fraud in finance transaction automatically. In this paper, we put forward a fraud detection algorithm by using neural network. The neural network model and final result will be described to show the superiority of this model.
Analysis and processing of misdiagnosis data for depression based on modified entropy weight method
Authors: Shiying Lu , Ji’an Tang , Feng Liu , Sishi Qin , Jie Chen , Lei Chen
Published: December 2020

Depression is always the core field of psychological research, and the analysis of misdiagnosis data of depression is also the vital content of depression research. Based on the analysis of misdiagnosis data processing, this paper adopts a order relation analysis method, to correct the problem of inconsistent entropy and entropy transfer relation (when all entropy value tend to be 1). This paper obtains multi-index comprehensive quantitative values, from various angles analysis of misdiagnosis data depression, so as to avoid subjective and one-sided evaluation results. It not only improves the rapidity and practicability of the algorithm, but also makes the analysis of misdiagnosis data more objective and accurate, which can be applied to medical field.
Evaluation and Analysis of Medical and Health Resource Allocation Efficiency in HuBei Province
Authors: Jia Liu
Published: December 2020

This paper evaluates and analyzes the efficiency of medical and health resource allocation in the whole country, HuBei province and 19 regions under its jurisdiction. The factors that promote technological progress, such as system reform, management ability improvement and strong policy implementation, are the important reasons that lead to the catch-up effect of resource allocation efficiency. According to the above analysis results, this paper puts forward some suggestions to improve the practical problems.
Current indications of mandibular condyle plate osteosynthesis: two cases reports
Authors: Saussier Louis , Choplin Maud , Le Toux Guy
Published: December 2020

Introduction:Certain benign or malignant pathologies may require a mandibulectomy with resection of the condyle. The gold standard for this type of reconstruction is the microanastomosed fibular free flap. An immediate reconstruction technique using an osteosynthesis plate with condyle can be proposed. The aim of this article is to evaluate the indications and describe the complications of osteosynthesis plates with condyle, through the presentation of two clinical cases.Observation: Two patients were treated by radical hemi-mandibulectomy, with cervical curage, placement of an osteosynthesis plate with condyle, and coverage with flap of pectoralis major. Then they received radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy. No cases of erosion of the glenoid fossa or tympanal bone were found.Comments:Condyle osteosynthesis plates are an interesting alternative when a fibular flap cannot be performed for local (arteriopathy), carcinologic (poor prognosis), or general and anesthesic reasons. A tissue preservation protocol, with conformation and coverage of the plate must be undertaken to limit the risk of complications (infections, exposure and fracture of the plate, temporal bone erosion, heterotopic bone formations).Conclusion: Condyle osteosynthesis plates restore aesthetic and function immediately, temporarily or even permanently. Clinical and radiological follow-up must be established following this type of reconstruction.
Evaluation of orofacial pain and psychological comorbidities in health sciences university students
Authors: Fong Lim Xin , Veerabhadrappa Suresh Kandagal , Yadav Seema , Bin Zamzuri Ahmad Termizi , Talib Rozaidah Binti
Published: December 2020

Introduction:Orofacial pain (OP) is a common public health problem among the general population however, its distribution among the young population like students has not been evaluated so far. The objectives of this study were to investigate the self-reported prevalence, and characteristics of OP, and to evaluate its association with psychological comorbidities such as anxiety and depression.Materials and Methods:A questionnaire-based study was conducted on students studying health sciences programs at SEGi University, Malaysia. A well-designed, structured questionnaire was utilized to assess the prevalence and characteristics of OP. Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale was used to evaluate the psychological status of the students. The collected data was subject to statistical analysis by using the SPSS version 22 software.Results:Overall 494 university students had participated in the study of which, 78% (n= 375) of students had suffered from OP and it was significantly higher among the female students (p< 0.03). Headache was the most common type of OP (66.2%) followed by pain in temple region (47.2%), in and around eyes (29.1%), facial region (23.3%), and tooth/gingival pain (20.9%). The association between the prevalence of OP and anxiety was statistically significant (p< 0.019). About 35.4% of the health sciences students had first OP episode started three months ago, 4.2% had daily pain, 14.3% suffered from continuous pain, and only 14% of the students had consulted professionals and 36.1% of them took medication.Conclusion:A significantly higher prevalence of self-reported OP was evident among the health sciences university students and students with different types of OP had higher anxiety and depression scores. Early recognition of OP symptoms and associated comorbidities must be considered for the prevention and successful management of these conditions to circumvent its negative academic impact on the students.
Controlling of longwave oscillatory Marangoni patterns on a rhombic lattice
Authors: Samoilova Anna , Nepomnyashchy Alexander
Published: December 2020

We apply nonlinear feedback control to govern the stability of long-wave oscillatory Marangoni patterns. We focus on the patterns caused by instability in thin liquid film heated from below with a deformable free surface. This instability emerges in the case of substrate of low thermal conductivity, when two monotonic long-wave instabilities, Pearson’s and deformational ones, are coupled. We provide weakly nonlinear analysis within the amplitude equations, which govern the evolution of the layer thickness and the temperature deviation. The action of the nonlinear feedback control on the nonlinear interaction of two standing waves is investigated. It is shown that quadratic feedback control can produce additional stable structures (standing rolls, standing squares and standing rectangles), which are subject to instability leading to traveling wave in the uncontrolled case.
Quality comparison between two different types of platelet-rich plasma for knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Wakayama Takanori , Saita Yoshitomo , Kobayashi Yohei , Nishio Hirofumi , Uchino Sayuri , Fukusato Shin , Ikeda Hiroshi , Kaneko Kazuo
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA), the most common form of osteoarthritis (OA) is a considerable health concern worldwide. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a common therapeutic option for KOA. Different types of PRPs have varying efficacies. However, a comparative analysis of the qualities of these PRPs is lacking. Methods: Two types of PRPs, including autologous protein solution (APS), and leukocyte-poor PRP (LP-PRP) along with whole blood (WB) and platelet-poor plasma (PPP) were characterized for platelet content, leukocyte content, and composition in 10 healthy volunteers (HV) (the controlled laboratory study) and 16 KOA patients (a retrospective observational study). Additionally, the levels of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, and different cytokines were estimated in HV. Results: In HV, the concentrations of platelets and leukocytes, levels of different cytokines, including interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), soluble TNF receptor type II (sTNF-RII), and IL-1β, and the ratio of IL-1Ra/IL-1β were significantly higher in APS, whereas the PDGF-BB was higher in LP-PRP than APS. In KOA patients, a higher concentration of platelets was observed in LP-PRP, and a higher concentration of leukocytes was observed in APS than LP-PRP. Following the PAW classification system, LP-PRP was classified as P2-B type in HV (51.3 × 104/μl) and KOA (53.4 × 104/μl), whereas APS was classified as P3-A type in HV (110.1 × 104/μl) and P2-A type in KOA (29.0 × 104/μl). In a retrospective observational study, the KOA patients who underwent APS injection had a higher incidence of arthralgia, and this arthralgia lasted for a longer time than LP-PRP injection in the same individual. Discussion: The quality of the two PRPs differed distinctively depending on their preparation methods, which might affect their clinical efficacies and adverse events. Therefore, the characterization of these parameters should be prioritized while choosing PRP.
Geriatrisch-rehabilitative Versorgung in DeutschlandUmsetzung und
Entwicklungsbedarfe
Authors: Lübke Norbert
Published: December 2020

Geriatrisch-rehabilitative Versorgung dient dem Erhalt selbstbestimmter
Teilhabe alter Menschen. Sie trägt zur Minderung von
Pflegebedürftigkeit bei – eine der großen
gesellschaftlichen Herausforderungen der nächsten Jahrzehnte. Der
Beitrag stellt Zielgruppe, Strukturen, konzeptionelle Besonderheiten sowie
Potenziale und Grenzen der derzeitigen geriatrisch-rehabilitativen
Versorgung dar. Hieraus ergeben sich Perspektiven für die
Weiterentwicklung.
Smartphone-Based Data Collection in Ophthalmology
Authors: Raber Florian Philipp , Gerbutavicius Rokas , Wolf Armin , Kortüm Karsten
Published: December 2020

Due to their widespread use among the population and their wide range of functions and sensors, smartphones are suitable for data collection for medical purposes. App-supported input masks, patient diaries, and patient information systems, mobile access to the patient file as well as telemedical services will continue to find their way into our field of expertise in the future. In addition, the use of smartphone sensors (GPS and motion sensors, touch display, microphone) and coupling possibilities with biosensors (for example with Continuous Glucose Monitoring [CGM] systems), advanced camera technology, the possibility of regular and appointment independent checking of the visual system (visual acuity/contrast vision) as well as real-time data transfer offer interesting possibilities for patient treatment and clinical research. The present review deals with the current status and future perspectives of smartphone-based data collection and possible applications in
ophthalmology.
Cardioprotective Function of Green Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) Extract Supplementation in Ex Vivo Ischemic Prediabetic Rat Hearts
Authors: Smit Sybrand Engelbrecht , Manirafasha Claudine , Marais Erna , Johnson Rabia , Huisamen Barbara
Published: December 2020

Diabetic patients develop ischemic heart disease and strokes more readily. Following an ischemic event, restoration of blood flow increases oxidative stress resulting in myocardial damage, termed ischemia/reperfusion injury. Aspalathus linearis (rooibos), rich in the antioxidant phenolic compound aspalathin, has been implicated as cardioprotective against ischemia/reperfusion injury with undefined mechanism in control rats. Primarily, the therapeutic potential of Afriplex green rooibos extract to prevent ischemia/reperfusion injury in cardiovascular disease-compromised rats was investigated. Additionally, Afriplex Green rooibos extractʼs cardioprotective signaling on metabolic markers and stress markers was determined using western blotting. Three hundred male Wistar rats received either 16-wk standard diet or high-caloric diet. During the final 6 wk, half received 60 mg/kg/day Afriplex green rooibos extract, containing 12.48% aspalathin. High-caloric diet increased body weight, body fat, fasting serum triglycerides, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance – indicative of prediabetes. High-caloric diet rats had increased heart mass, infarct size, and decreased heart function. Afriplex green rooibos extract treatment for 6 wk lowered pre-ischemic heart rate, reduced infarct size, and improved heart function pre- and post-ischemia, without significantly affecting biometric parameters. Stabilized high-caloric diet hearts had decreased insulin independence via adenosine monophosphate activated kinase and increased inflammation (p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase), whereas Afriplex green rooibos extract treatment decreased insulin dependence (protein kinase B) and conferred anti-inflammatory effect. After 20 min ischemia, high-caloric diet hearts had upregulated ataxia–telangiectasia mutated kinase decreased insulin independence, and downregulated insulin dependence and glycogen synthase kinase 3 β inhibition. In contrast, Afriplex green rooibos extract supplementation downregulated insulin independence and inhibited extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2. During reperfusion, all protective signaling was decreased in high-caloric diet, while Afriplex green rooibos extract supplementation reduced oxidative stress (c-Jun N-terminal kinases 1 and 2) and inflammation. Taken together, Afriplex green rooibos extract supplementation for 6 wk preconditioned cardiovascular disease-compromised rat hearts against ischemia/reperfusion injury by lowering inflammation, oxidative stress, and heart rate.
Evaluation of a Self-Imaging SD-OCT System for Remote Monitoring of Patients with Neovascular Age Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Nahen Kester , Benyamini Gideon , Loewenstein Anat
Published: December 2020

Background The treatment of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) requires frequent office visits to identify fluid in the retina that requires treatment. Frequent office-based examinations using optical coherence tomography (OCT) are a burden on patients and their care givers. The development of OCT systems that can be self-operated by patients at home offers the potential for precise remote monitoring and improved individualized therapy.

Patients/Material and Methods An investigational spectral domain OCT system (Notal Vision Home OCT, NVHO) for automatic patient-guided self-imaging intended for commercialization was evaluated in a total of 69 study participants with neovascular age-related macular degeneration with regard to image quality and usability. An artificial intelligence-based algorithm was used to identify, quantify and map intra- and subretinal fluids.

Results Successful imaging with the NHVO was performed in all patients and in 93% of the enrolled eyes. The positive percent agreement and negative percent agreement for detection of fluid, intraretinal fluid, and subretinal fluid in at least one of three consecutive NHVO images was 97/95%, 96/94% and 100/98%, respectively, when compared to commercial in-office OCT systems. In 1.4% of the recorded eyes, fluid was only detected outside of the central 10 × 10° field of view but seen on a commercial OCT system with a larger field of view. The device operation for scanning their own eyes without assistance was rated by 95% of patients as easy. The analysis and depiction of fluid distribution and volume in a longitudinal case study illustrated the acute nature and anti-VEGF therapy response of nAMD.

Conclusion The evaluated OCT system for home use meets the requirements for self-controlled imaging by nAMD patients with regard to image quality, field of view and usability. Image analysis based on artificial intelligence can potentially support clinicians in the assessment and utilization of large amounts of data generated by daily home OCT imaging.
Antiprotozoal activities of Triterpenic Acids and Ester Derivatives Isolated from the Leaves of Vitellaria paradoxa
Authors: Catteau Lucy , Schioppa Laura , Beaufay Claire , Girardi Cynthia , Hérent Marie-France , Frédérich Michel , Quetin-Leclercq Joëlle
Published: December 2020

Leaves of Vitellaria paradoxa, also called “Shea butter tree”, are used in traditional medicine to treat various symptoms including malaria fever, dysentery, or skin infections. Composition of the dichloromethane extract of V. paradoxa leaves possessing antiparasitic activities was investigated. Five pentacyclic triterpenic acids together with 6 ester derivatives were isolated and identified by standards comparison, MS and 1H-NMR analysis. Corosolic, maslinic, and tormentic coumaroyl esters and their corresponding triterpenic acids were isolated from this plant for the first time. The antiparasitic activities of the 11 isolated compounds were evaluated in vitro on Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma brucei brucei, and Leishmania mexicana mexicana and their selectivity determined by cytotoxicity evaluation on WI38 cells. None of the isolated compounds showed good antiplasmodial activity. The antitrypanosomal activity of
individual compounds was in general higher than their antileishmanial one. One isolated triterpenic ester mixture in equilibrium, 3-O-p-E/Z-coumaroyltormentic acids, showed an attractive promising antitrypanosomal activity (IC50 = 0.7 µM) with low cytotoxicity (IC50= 44.5 µM) compared to the corresponding acid. Acute toxicity test on this ester did not show any toxicity at the maximal cumulative dose of 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally on mice. In vivo efficacy evaluation of this compound, at 50 mg/kg by intraperitoneal route on a T. b. brucei-infected mice model, showed a significant parasitemia reduction on day 4 post-infection together with 33.3% survival improvement. Further bioavailability and PK studies are needed along with mode of action investigations to further assess the potential of this molecule.
Stellenwert der Telemedizin in Pandemiezeiten
Authors: Keuthage Winfried
Published: December 2020

Die COVID-19-Pandemie hat die Arbeit in unserer Schwerpunktpraxis für Diabetes und Ernährungsmedizin verändert. In Zeiten des Lockdowns im Frühjahr dieses Jahres war die Durchführung von Videosprechstunden für Mitarbeiter und Patienten eine wichtige Option. Parallel zu den Lockerungen im Laufe der Sommermonate nahm das Interesse an Videosprechstunden wieder ab. Die Durchführung von DMP-Gruppenschulungen bleibt durch die mangelnde Akzeptanz in vielen KV-Bezirken sowie durch technische Hemmnisse erschwert. Doch gerade in der Ernährungsmedizin ergeben sich aktuell Möglichkeiten durch den Einsatz von Videokonferenzsystemen bei Einzel- wie in Gruppenschulungen. Auch bei Teamsitzungen und Fortbildungen sind Videokonferenzsysteme sehr hilfreich und werden voraussichtlich auch nach Ende der Pandemie bedeutsam bleiben. Zusätzliche Dynamik wird die Telemedizin in der Ernährungsmedizin durch die Einführung von digitalen Gesundheitsanwendungen (DiGA) in diesem Jahr erhalten.
Digital Ophthalmology in the UK – Diabetic Retinopathy Screening and Virtual Glaucoma Clinics in the National Health Service
Authors: Heimann Heinrich , Broadbent Deborah , Cheeseman Robert
Published: December 2020

The customary doctor and patient interactions are currently undergoing significant changes through technological advances in imaging and data processing and the need for reducing person-to person contacts during the COVID-19 crisis. There is a trend away from face-to-face examinations to virtual assessments and decision making. Ophthalmology is particularly amenable to such changes, as a high proportion of clinical decisions are based on routine tests and imaging results, which can be assessed remotely. The uptake of digital ophthalmology varies significantly between countries. Due to financial constraints within the National Health Service, specialized ophthalmology units in the UK have been early adopters of digital technology. For more than a decade, patients have been managed remotely in the diabetic retinopathy screening service and virtual glaucoma clinics. We describe the day-to-day running of such services and the doctor and patient experiences with digital
ophthalmology in daily practice.
Synthesis of Nitrogen- and Oxygen-Containing Heterocycles by Prins Cyclization in Continuous Flow
Authors: Talavera-Alemán Armando , Dagousset Guillaume , Thomassigny Christine , Marrot Jérome
Published: December 2020

Aza-silyl-Prins and oxa-Prins cyclization reactions in continuous-flow chemistry are described for the synthesis of the corresponding tetrahydropyridines and pyran derivatives, respectively. In particular, the use of pyridine-carboxaldehydes for aza-silyl-Prins reaction led to either a symmetrical triarylmethane or two new bicyclic compounds. 4-Fluorinated-2-substituted tetrahydropyran derivatives were also obtained in the oxa-Prins cyclization with good selectivity in favor of the anti-isomer.
Epidemiological Investigation on the Current Practice of Umbilical Cord Clamping in China
Authors: Zhu Juanjuan , Xie Yujie , Wang Bei , Wang Yiwen , Akinbi Henry , Xie Lijuan
Published: December 2020

Objective Despite known benefits, the timing of and method used for umbilical cord clamping (UCC) in neonates remain controversial in China, as well as internationally. The objective of this study was to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practice of UCC amongst health care providers in China, as recommended by medical professional organizations.

Study Design A web-based questionnaire on cord clamping practices was administered to midwives, obstetricians, and neonatologists in 126 hospitals from 16 provinces. The provinces were selected from seven different regions of China.

Results A total of 5,005 (60.5% of eligible respondents) health care providers returned completed questionnaires. The awareness rates for immediate cord clamping (ICC) and delayed cord clamping (DCC) were over 85%, but the implementation rate for DCC was relatively low (ICC 58.3% vs. DCC 41.6%). Most neonates were placed below the introitus (92.8%) during cord clamping and this correlated with the route of delivery. The choice of UCC was impelled by different factors. Benefits for neonates influenced the choice of ICC (50%) and promoting a larger blood volume to stabilize systemic circulation influenced the choice of DCC (92.3%). Majority (91.5%) of respondents acquiesced that it was necessary to develop national clinical guidelines for UCC.

Conclusion The majority of obstetricians, neonatologists, and midwives who participated in this study had a positive perception of DCC. However, this did not translate to daily practice. The practice of UCC is variable and there are no standard guidelines.

Key Points
Timing of Antenatal Steroid Administration and Effects on the Newborn Infant: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Taleghani Afshin A. , Bhriguvanshi Arpita , Kamath-Rayne Beena D. , Liu Chunyan , Narendran Vivek
Published: December 2020

Objective The timing of antenatal steroids (ANS) on short- and long-term effects on newborn infants was evaluated.

Study Design This study was conducted at the University of Cincinnati Medical Center Level-III Neonatal Intensive Care Unit by reviewing the medical records of all women with history of ANS exposure from January 2015 to December 2018. We compared outcomes of newborns delivered within the ideal therapeutic window of 24 hours to 7 days (within window [WW]) after administration to those exposed and delivered outside the therapeutic window (outside window primary group [OWP]). Outcomes included anthropometrics, blood sugars, thyroid hormone profile, and neonatal morbidities.

Results A total of 669 patients were identified as having received at least two doses of ANS. Two-thirds of them delivered within the ideal therapeutic window. Significant differences were found in anthroprometrics including lower birth weight, shorter length, and smaller head circumferences in those born within the window compared with those outside the window. Derangements in glucose homeostasis requiring treatment and elevations of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were seen in infants born outside the ideal therapeutic window compared with those born within the therapeutic window. No differences were found in neonatal morbidities including severe intraventricular hemorrhage (sIVH), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), need for resuscitation, exogenous surfactant administration, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), mechanical ventilation, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), or periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). After controlling for selected covariates, only birth length was different between the groups.

Conclusion Effects on anthropometrics, glucose homeostasis, and thyroid function support the need to develop new or refine existing risk stratification systems to time the administration of antenatal steroids. Better targeting of women and fetuses may confer the benefits of systemic corticosteroids while mitigating the risks of adverse effects.

Key Points
The transformative power of values-enacted scholarship
Authors: Agate Nicky , Kennison Rebecca , Konkiel Stacy , Long Christopher P. , Rhody Jason , Sacchi Simone , Weber Penelope
Published: December 2020

The current mechanisms by which scholars and their work are evaluated across higher education are unsustainable and, we argue, increasingly corrosive. Relying on a limited set of proxy measures, current systems of evaluation fail to recognize and reward the many dependencies upon which a healthy scholarly ecosystem relies. Drawing on the work of the HuMetricsHSS Initiative, this essay argues that by aligning values with practices, recognizing the vital processes that enrich the work produced, and grounding our indicators of quality in the degree to which we in the academy live up to the values for which we advocate, a values-enacted approach to research production and evaluation has the capacity to reshape the culture of higher education.