bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introducing a particular mathematical model for predicting the resistance and performance of prismatic planing hulls in calm water by means of total pressure distribution
Authors: Ghadimi P. , Tavakoli S. , Feizi Chekab M. A. , Dashtimanesh A.
Published: February 2016

Mathematical modeling of planing hulls and determination of their characteristics are the most important subjects in hydrodynamic study of planing vessels. In this paper, a new mathematical model has been developed based on pressure distribution. This model has been provided for two different situations: (1) for a situation in which all forces pass through the center of gravity and (2) for a situation in which forces don not necessarily pass through the center of gravity. Two algorithms have been designed for the governing equations. Computational results have been presented in the form of trim angle, total pressure, hydrodynamic and hydrostatic lift coefficients, spray apex and total resistance which includes frictional, spray and induced resistances. Accuracy of the model has been verified by comparing the numerical findings against the results of Savitsky's method and available experimental data. Good accuracy is displayed. Furthermore, effects of deadrise angle on trim angle of the craft, position of spray apex and resistance have been investigated.
Casson fluid flow over a vertical cone with non-uniform heat source/sink and high order chemical reaction
Authors: Mythili D. , Sivaraj R. , Rashidi M. M. , Yang Z.
Published: February 2016

The present investigation deals with the study of unsteady, free convective Casson fluid flow over a vertical cone saturated with porous medium in the presence of non-uniform heat source/sink, high order chemical reaction and cross diffusion effects. The numerical computation for the governing equations has been performed using an implicit finite difference method of Crank-Nicolson type. The influence of various physical parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration distributions is illustrated graphically and the physical aspects are discussed in detail. Results indicate that temperature dependent heat source/sink plays a vital role on controlling the heat transfer however the surface-dependent heat source/sink also has notable influence on the heat transfer characteristics. It is to be noted that high order chemical reaction has the tendency to dilute the influence of chemical reaction parameter on the species concentration.
A propos de la plaine de Rivière : évolution géomorphologique et ressources en eau
Authors: Lambert Roger
Published: February 2016

La « plaine de rivière » : evolución geomorfologica y recursos en agua. La « Plaine de Rivière », valle del Garona subpirenaico entre Valentine y Gourdan-Polignan (Haute-Garonne) está formado de cinco terrazas encajadas que constituyen un único acuífero que alimenta el río fuera de las épocas de crecidas. Se trata de la capa freática aluvial más abundante (100 millones de m3) y de la más asequible de toda la cuenca del Garona. Es pues imprescindible protegerla e integrarla en los proyectos de desarrollo de los recursos en agua.
La moyenne Garonne aval : géomorphologie et dynamique des crues
Authors: Lambert Roger
Published: February 2016

El Garona medio bajo : geomorfologia y dinámica de las crecidas. La geomorfologia fluvial y la hidráulica de las crecidas son inseparables. Para entender la evolución de una crecida dentro de determinado valle, hidrólogos et hidráulicos precisan un buen conocimiento de la geomorfologia de dicho valle, de sus distintos lechos. El caso del medio Garona bajo se examina aquí en su sucesión de ensanchamientos y estrechamientos entre Tonneins y Langon. Se propone un modelo con reservas y grifos (aliviaderos) para explicar las distintas fases de elevación y de baja de las aguas de la crecida así como su evolución/sucesión cuando el caudal procedente de Agen supera los 3 500 ma/s.
L'aménagement de la plaine d'inondation et les grandes crues de la Garonne aval
Authors: Lalanne-Berdouticq Gérard
Published: February 2016

L'observation du déroulement des crues de la Garonne aval, entre Port-Sainte-Marie et Castets-en-Dorthe, met en évidence le rôle déterminant des aménagements du lit majeur et de la basse terrasse (digues, casiers) sur la forme des grands crues débordantes et les inondations qui s'ensuivent.
Télémesures et annonces des crues dans le bassin de la Garonne
Authors: Couzy Gérard
Published: February 2016

Les crues de la Garonne et de ses affluents sont brutales, violentes, rapides. Ces caractéristiques hydrologiques rendent inefficaces les méthodes traditionnelles basées sur les observations humaines retransmises aux responsables par la voie télégraphique. Le Service hydrologique de Toulouse a donc mis en place, sur l'ensemble du bassin de la Garonne, un réseau radio automatique de télémesures hydrométéorologiques qui permet toutes les heures d'interroger une centaine de stations d'observations, de critiquer la validité des informations reçues et de retransmettre vers les terminaux installés dans les quatre autres services d'annonce de crues, l'ensemble des informations hydrométéorologiques. L'ensemble des données est recueilli en moins de 10 minutes. Grâce aux expérimentations et aux progrès de l'électronique, le prix du matériel est 6 fois moins élevé que celui développé en 1966 sur le bassin de la Dordogne ; les stations transmettent 2 paramètres (hauteurs et pluies) ; la consommation en énergie électrique est inférieure à 10 watts, ce qui permet d'envisager l'utilisation de panneaux solaires à cellules photovoltaïques pour leur alimentation. Moyennant des aménagements spécifiques, elles devraient permettre d'assurer le suivi des données relatives au régime général des cours d'eau.
Observations sur la faune de poissons de la moyenne Garonne
Authors: Belaud Alain , Bengen Dietrich , Lim Puy
Published: February 2016

Observations of the range of fish species in the middle Garonne. By using electrical and net fishing and by making observations at various fish ladders a list of species in the Garonne between Toulouse and Agen has been drawn up. These sectors correspond, moving downstream, to the barbel, bream and euryhaline species zones. Thirty-five species have been found, with cyprinoids being dominant. Carnivores make up less than 10 % of the population sampled. Migrating fish have been observed at the Golfech fish ladder. Recent work carried out to overcome the obstacles that Toulouse and Golfech represented will bring about a balancing out of fish populations according to their natural river habitat zones, particularly for the migrators.
Toulouse et les dynamismes intra-régionaux de Midi-Pyrénées
Authors: Dupuy Claude , Gilly Jean-Pierre
Published: February 2016

La région Midi-Pyrénées profite-t-elle du développement du pôle toulousain ? Après avoir situé les mutations économiques régionales récentes : tertiarisation rapide, diminution de la part de l'aéronautique, différenciations intrarégionales, les auteurs s'nterrogent sur les spécificités structurelles de l'agglomération de Toulouse et démontrent que sa dynamique économique est à la fois autocentrée et européenne.

Toulouse concentre une grande part de l'activité régionale ; on ne peut déduire qu'il n'existe aucune possibilité de développement en dehors d'elle ni a fortiori, qu'elle agisse comme une « prédatrice » nourrie de la désertification régionale : comme toute métropole régionale, Toulouse tend à se déconnecter de son environnement régional.
Le conseil régional de Midi-Pyrénées et les systèmes d'information et de communication
Authors: Eveno Emmanuel
Published: February 2016

En quête de reconnaissance et de mission spécifique, le Conseil Régional de Midi-Pyrénées a eu recours aux potentialités virtuellement proposées par l'installation sur le territoire de systèmes d'information et de communication et de toute la panoplie des nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication. La mise en application des programmes sur le territoire régional a fait ressurgir d'anciennes problématiques sous un nouveau jour. En ce sens, la politique régionale sur les systèmes d'information et de communication a renouvelé la prise en compte des déséquilibres territoriaux.
Ultrasound characteristics of thyroid nodules diagnosed as follicular neoplasms by fine-needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Nagel Holger , Horstrup Karen , Sasiadek Marek , Kuwert Torsten , Cordes Michael
Published: February 2016

Cytopathological evaluation has been proven useful in the diagnostic work-up of “cold” nodules. The cytological diagnosis of follicular neoplasm usually requires histology to exclude malignancy. The objective of this prospective study was to test the hypothesis that ultrasound examinations show distinct characteristics in a subgroup of nodules which may attest the benign nature of a follicular neoplasm. Patients, methods: 56 patients (45 women, 11 men) were included in the study. All patients had a “cold” nodule which was diagnosed as follicular neoplasm. Consecutive histology revealed follicular adenomas (FTAs) (n = 44), follicular carcinomas (FTCs) (n = 7) and papillary carcinomas (PTCs) (n = 5), including follicular variant papillary carcinomas (fv PTCs) (n = 4). Ultrasound examinations were performed preoperatively. The ultrasound examinations were evaluated with respect to seven characteristics. Results: In 21 % of patients a follicular neoplasm was associated with a malignant and in 79 % of patients with a benign tumor as compared with histology. The ultrasound characteristics size 2 ml, round shape and homogeneous structure revealed significant differences for FTAs, FTCs and PTCs with p < 0.001, p = 0.003 and p = 0.027, resp. With respect to the benign nature of a follicular neoplasm maximum values for sensitivity and specificity were 0.75 and 0.83. Multivariate discriminant analysis revealed that ultrasound criteria were suitable to discriminate between benign vs. malignant nodules and among FTAs, FTCs and PTCs with correlation coefficients of r = 0.53 and r = 0.74, resp. Conclusions: in selected patients with higher operative risks and cytological diagnosis of follicular neoplasm ultrasound parameters may be helpful to assume a benign nature of the neoplasm and thus avoid the necessity of a histological work-up.
Sleep-Disordered Breathing in 2 Pediatric Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Sharma Neha , Harvey Elizabeth , Amin Reshma
Published: February 2016

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is prevalent in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and has the potential to worsen vascular and neuro-cognitive health and quality of life. We present 2 children with CKD who experience central sleep apnea and nocturnal hypoventilation and discuss the possible underlying mechanisms in relation to CKD and dialysis.
Successful Treatment of a Pacemaker Infection with Intraperitoneal Daptomycin
Authors: Taegtmeyer Anne B. , Kononowa Nina , Fasel Dominique , Haschke Manuel , Burkhalter Felix
Published: February 2016

We investigated the pharmacokinetics of intraperitoneal administration of daptomcyin in a peritoneal dialysis (PD) patient treated for a pacemaker infection with Staphylococcus epidermidis. After initial start of intravenous daptomycin at 9 mg/kg body weight every 48 hours, the therapy was switched to intraperitoneal administration of 5.3 mg/kg body weight in 1 L icodextrin 7.5% with a dwell time of 12 hours overnight every 48 hours. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) was performed at 4 hours and 24 hours after dose administration. Due to high peak concentration above target peak concentration, the dose was reduced to a final maintenance dose of 3.2 mg/kg body weight. Data from this single case suggest that serum drug concentration above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) can be easily achieved with intraperitoneal administration of daptomycin every 48 hours even with a lower dose, as recommended for the intravenous administration, but measurement of serum concentration and dose adjustments are mandatory in such cases.
Thermal and oxidative stability of Atlantic salmon oil (Salmo salar L.) and complexation with β-cyclodextrin
Authors: Hădărugă Daniel I , Ünlüsayin Mustafa , Gruia Alexandra T , Birău (Mitroi) Cristina , Rusu Gerlinde , Hădărugă Nicoleta G
Published: February 2016

The thermal and oxidative stability of Atlantic salmon oil (Salmo salar L.) as well as its β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) complexation ability has been verified for the first time. The main omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA, were significantly degraded, even at 50 °C. Their relative concentrations decrease from 6.1% for EPA and 4.1% for DHA to 1.7% and 1.5% after degradation at 150 °C, respectively. On the other hand, the relative concentrations of monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids remained constant or slightly increased by a few percent after degradation (e.g., from 10.7% to 12.9% for palmitic acid). Co-crystallization of ASO with β-CD at a host–guest ratio of 1:1 and 3:1 from an ethanol–water mixture and kneading methods has been used for the preparation of β-CD/ASO complexes. The analysis of the complexes by thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Karl Fischer titration (KFT) as well as the decrease of the “strongly-retained” water content confirm the formation of the inclusion compound. Furthermore, the DSC parameters correlate well with the KFT kinetic data for β-CD/ASO complexes.
THE LEECH EXOPLANET IMAGING SURVEY: ORBIT AND COMPONENT MASSES OF THE INTERMEDIATE-AGE, LATE-TYPE BINARY NO UMa*

†
Authors: Schlieder Joshua E. , Skemer Andrew J. , Maire Anne-Lise , Desidera Silvano , Hinz Philip , Skrutskie Michael F. , Leisenring Jarron , Bailey Vanessa , Defrère Denis , Esposito Simone , Strassmeier Klaus G. , Weber Michael , Biller Beth A. , Bonnefoy Mickaël , Buenzli Esther , Close Laird M. , Crepp Justin R. , Eisner Josh A. , Hofmann Karl-Heinz , Henning Thomas , Morzinski Katie M. , Schertl Dieter , Weigelt Gerd , Woodward Charles E.
Published: February 2016

We present high-resolution Large Binocular Telescope LBTI/LMIRcam images of the spectroscopic and astrometric binary NO UMa obtained as part of the LBT Interferometer Exozodi Exoplanet Common Hunt exoplanet imaging survey. Our H-, K

s
-, and L′-band observations resolve the system at angular separations <0.″09. The components exhibit significant orbital motion over a span of ∼7 months. We combine our imaging data with archival images, published speckle interferometry measurements, and existing spectroscopic velocity data to solve the full orbital solution and estimate component masses. The masses of the K2.0 ± 0.5 primary and K6.5 ± 0.5 secondary are 0.83 ± 0.02 M
⊙ and 0.64 ± 0.02 M
⊙, respectively. We also derive a system distance of d = 25.87 ± 0.02 pc and revise the Galactic kinematics of NO UMa. Our revised Galactic kinematics confirm NO UMa as a nuclear member of the ∼500 Myr old Ursa Major moving group, and it is thus a mass and age benchmark. We compare the masses of the NO UMa binary components to those predicted by five sets of stellar evolution models at the age of the Ursa Major group. We find excellent agreement between our measured masses and model predictions with little systematic scatter between the models. NO UMa joins the short list of nearby, bright, late-type binaries having known ages and fully characterized orbits.
CHARACTERIZING DUST ATTENUATION IN LOCAL STAR-FORMING GALAXIES: UV AND OPTICAL REDDENING
Authors: Battisti A. J. , Calzetti D. , Chary R.-R.
Published: February 2016

The dust attenuation for a sample of ∼10,000 local (z ≲ 0.1) star-forming galaxies is constrained as a function of their physical properties. We utilize aperture-matched multiwavelength data available from the Galaxy Evolution Explorer and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey to ensure that regions of comparable size in each galaxy are being analyzed. We follow the method of Calzetti et al. and characterize the dust attenuation through the UV power-law index, β, and the dust optical depth, which is quantified using the difference in Balmer emission line optical depth,

. The observed linear relationship between β and

is similar to the local starburst relation, but the large scatter (σ
int = 0.44) suggests that there is significant variation in the local universe. We derive a selective attenuation curve over the range 1250 Å < λ < 8320 Å and find that a single attenuation curve is effective for characterizing the majority of galaxies in our sample. This curve has a slightly lower selective attenuation in the UV compared to previously determined curves. We do not see evidence to suggest that a 2175 Å feature is significant in the average attenuation curve. Significant positive correlations are seen between the amount of UV and optical reddening and galaxy metallicity, mass, star formation rate (SFR), and SFR surface density. This provides a potential tool for gauging attenuation where the stellar population is unresolved, such as at high z.
EVENTS LEADING UP TO THE 2015 JUNE OUTBURST OF V404 CYG
Authors: Bernardini F. , Russell D. M. , Shaw A. W. , Lewis F. , Charles P. A. , Koljonen K. I. I. , Lasota J. P. , Casares J.
Published: February 2016

On 2015 June 15 the burst alert telescope (BAT) on board Swift detected an X-ray outburst from the black hole (BH) transient V404 Cyg. We monitored V404 Cyg for the last 10 years with the 2-m Faulkes Telescope North in three optical bands (V, R, and i′). We found that, one week prior to this outburst, the optical flux was 0.1–0.3 mag brighter than the quiescent orbital modulation, implying an optical precursor to the X-ray outburst. There is also a hint of a gradual optical decay (years) followed by a rise lasting two months prior to the outburst. We fortuitously obtained an optical spectrum of V404 Cyg 13 hr before the BAT trigger. This too was brighter than quiescence, and showed spectral lines typical of an accretion disk, with characteristic absorption features of the donor being much weaker. No He ii emission was detected, which would have been expected had the X-ray flux been substantially brightening. This, combined with the presence of intense Hα emission, about seven times the quiescent level, suggests that the disk entered the hot, outburst state before the X-ray outburst began. We propose that the outburst is produced by a viscous–thermal instability triggered close to the inner edge of a truncated disk. An X-ray delay of a week is consistent with the time needed to refill the inner region and hence move the inner edge of the disk inwards, allowing matter to reach the central BH, finally turning on the X-ray emission.
Small Interfering RNA Expression Inhibits Avian Infectious Bronchitis virus Replication and Inflammatory Response
Authors: Yu Kun , Deng Shoulong , Wang Hai , Zhang Yi , Chen Xuehui , Wang Kejun , Hu Rui , Lian Zhengxing , Li Ning
Published: February 2016

Background

Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a major cause of poor weight gain and mortality among chicks.

Methods

A lentivirus vector was used to generate transgenic chickens expressing small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting the M protein of IBV. Offspring of generation 0 (G0) were screened to identify G1 transgenic chickens (Tg). Monocytes from G1 Tg were stimulated with IBV in vitro.

Results

Monocytes producing siRNA efficiently inhibit IBV replication. Expression of inflammatory cytokines, Mx protein and nitric oxide levels were lower in early IBV infection in Tg. In vivo experiments show that siRNA expression inhibits IBV replication, significantly decreases mortality and increases weight gain. Inflammatory responses and oxidative damage were significantly decreased, yielding minimal tissue injury. The inflammatory responses indicate that the cellular immune response is most effective during the initial stage, while the humoral immune response is more significant in later stages of infection.

Conclusions

Small interfering RNA expression inhibits avian IBV replication and inflammatory response.
Effects of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Insulin Resistance in Postmenopausal Diabetic Women
Authors: Bitoska Iskra , Krstevska Branka , Milenkovic Tatjana , Subeska-Stratrova Slavica , Petrovski Goran , Jovanovska Mishevska Sasha , Ahmeti Irfan , Todorova Biljana
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUND: Insulin resistance (IR) is closely associated with diabetes mellitus. On the other hand, increased visceral fat in menopause is also associated with IR, which makes postmenopausal diabetic women in a big risk for cardiovascular diseases. There are conflicting reports about the effects on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on IR.AIM: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of HRT on IR.METHODS: A total of 40 postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes were enrolled and followed for 12 months. Half of them were assigned to take HRT, while the other half made the control group. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and insulinemia were measured in both groups at baseline and after 12 months. IR was represented by Homeostatic model assessment for IR (HOMA-IR).RESULTS: HRT was associated with significant decrease in HOMA-IR, FPG and insulinemia in the examined group. There was no significant reduction in FPG and no significant increase in insulinemia levels and HOMA-IR values in control group after 12 months.CONCLUSION: HRT was associated with statistically signifficant increase of insulin sensitivity. Larger clinical trials will be necessary to understand whether HRT may improve insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis in women with diabetes, especially when given shortly after entering menopause.
The Effects of NBF Gingival Gel Application in the Treatment of the Erosive Lichen Planus: Case Report
Authors: Popovska Mirjana , Fidovski Jasmin , Mindova Sonja , Dirjanska Katerina , Ristoska Stevica , Stefanovska Emilija , Radojkova-Nikolovska Vera , Mitic Kristina , Rusevska Biljana
Published: February 2016

The therapy of erosive lichen planus (ELP) has been particular problem in the treatment of oral lesions. This case of ELP in male patient 29 years old was treated with topic application of the NBF gingival gel, three times a day after meal, previously rinsed with Clorhexidine gluconate 0.12%. After 5 days of treatment, initial improvements were recorded, and after two weeks of application of the NBF gingival gel we observed significant improvement. Clinical monitoring after the fifth day showed mild epithelialization of the eroded mucosa, yet still present erythematous base of the lesion. After the second week the erythema area was significantly reduced and the eroded surfaces of the mucosa were minimal, measured less than 0.5 mm. After the third week there were no erosions to detect on the oral mucosa, yet still present vague redness, which completely pulled after the fourth week. Treatment ended after the fifth week when the topical application of the NBF gingival gel was terminated, and therapy was done, and clinically achieved effects remained stable even after the third month of the treatment. Topic application of the NBF gingival gel with ELP patients showed positive clinical effects in relatively short time period.
Assessment, Definition, and Classification of Lower Limb Ulcers in Systemic Sclerosis: A Challenge for the Rheumatologist
Authors: Blagojevic Jelena , Piemonte Guya , Benelli Laura , Braschi Francesca , Fiori Ginevra , Bartoli Francesca , Guiducci Serena , Bellando Randone Silvia , Galluccio Felice , Cometi Laura , Castellani Sergio , Boddi Maria , Moggi Pignone Alberto , Rasero Laura , Epifani Francesco , Matucci-Cerinic Marco
Published: February 2016

Objective.

To evaluate pathogenesis and clinical features of lower limb ulcers in systemic sclerosis (SSc) and to propose a classification that could be used in clinical practice.

Methods.

Charts of 60 patients with SSc who had lower limb cutaneous lesions were reviewed. All patients had videocapillaroscopy and arterial and venous lower limb color Doppler ultrasonography (US). Arteriography was performed if occlusive peripheral arterial disease was suspected.

Results.

The 554 lesions were classified as hyperkeratosis, ulcers, and gangrenes. There were 341 (61.6%) hyperkeratoses, 208 (37.5%) ulcers, and 5 (0.9%) gangrenes. Ulcers were divided into pure ulcers, ulcers associated with hyperkeratosis, and ulcers secondary to calcinosis. Involvement of arterial and venous macrocirculation as determined by color Doppler US was observed in 17 (18.3%) and 18 (30%) patients, respectively. Seventeen out of 37 patients with pure ulcers (45.9%) presented neither venous insufficiency nor hemodynamically significant macrovascular arterial disease. In these patients, pure ulcers were most likely caused by isolated SSc-related microvascular involvement (pure microvascular ulcers). The only significant risk factor for development of pure microvascular ulcers in the multivariate analysis was the history of lower limb ulcers (OR 26.67, 95% CI 2.75–259.28; p < 0.001).

Conclusion.

Results of our study indicate that lower limb ulcers in SSc often have a multifactorial pathogenesis that may be difficult to manage. Further studies are needed to validate the proposed classification and to assess the most appropriate management of lower limb ulcers in SSc.
GREM1 Is a Key Regulator of Synoviocyte Hyperplasia and Invasiveness
Authors: Han Eun-Jin , Yoo Seung-Ah , Kim Gi-Myo , Hwang Daehee , Cho Chul-Soo , You Sungyong , Kim Wan-Uk
Published: February 2016

Objective.

To investigate the expression of Gremlin 1 (GREM1), an antagonist of bone morphogenetic protein, in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovia and its involvement in the hyperplasia and invasiveness of fibroblast-like synoviocytes of RA (RA-FLS).

Methods.

Computational analysis was introduced to identify FLS-predominant regulators. GREM1 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR, and ELISA. FLS proliferation and apoptosis were determined using tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay and APOPercentage assay, respectively. FLS migration and invasion were evaluated by wound migration and Matrigel invasion assay, respectively. Expressions of Bax, Bcl2, pErk1/2, and pAkt were detected by Western blot analysis.

Results.

Through global transcriptome profiling, we identified aGREM1gene predominantly expressed in RA-FLS. Indeed, the GREM1 expression was higher in synovia, synovial fluids, and FLS of patients with RA than in those of patients with osteoarthritis, and its levels correlated well with proinflammatory cytokine concentrations. Knockdown of GREM1 transcripts using short interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced the proliferation and survival of RA-FLS along with downregulation of pErk1/2, pAkt, and Bcl2 expressions, whereas it induced Bax expression. Conversely, the addition of recombinant GREM1 to RA-FLS showed the opposite results. Moreover, GREM1 siRNA decreased the migratory and invasive capacity of RA-FLS, whereas exogenous GREM1 increased it. The GREM1-induced FLS survival, migration, and invasion were completely blocked by neutralizing antibodies to ανβ3integrin on RA-FLS, suggesting that ανβ3integrin mediates the antiapoptotic and promigratory effects of GREM1.

Conclusion.

GREM1 is highly expressed in RA joints, and functions as a regulator of survival, proliferation, migration, and invasion of RA-FLS.
Quantitative Alterations of Capillary Diameter Have a Predictive Value for Development of the Capillaroscopic Systemic Sclerosis Pattern
Authors: Trombetta Amelia Chiara , Smith Vanessa , Pizzorni Carmen , Meroni Marianna , Paolino Sabrina , Cariti Caterina , Ruaro Barbara , Sulli Alberto , Cutolo Maurizio
Published: February 2016

Objective.

To quantify earlier capillary diameter abnormalities, observed by nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC), in primary Raynaud phenomenon (PRP) subjects compared with RP subjects later evolved to systemic sclerosis (SSc)-associated secondary Raynaud phenomenon (SRP).

Methods.

There were 6112 NVC images of 191 subjects analyzed at baseline and after a mean followup of 42.77 ± 35.80 months. We selected 48 patients affected by SRP and 143 matched controls confirmed with PRP. The diameter of the most dilated limbs (arterial, venous, and apical) was measured in 16 images per subject. Statistical analysis was performed using nonparametric tests. The threshold values for capillary diameters associated with the development of SSc-associated SRP were determined through receiver-operating characteristic curves.

Results.

Mean capillary diameter values were significantly different for arterial, venous, and average diameters (mean value of arterial, venous, and apical) between patients with PRP and SRP (p < 0.0001). These alterations were found to be independent predictors for disease development (p = 0.015). Threshold values of 30µm (area under the curve = 0.802, sensitivity/specificity = 0.85/0.63) to 31µm were identified for average, arterial, and venous diameters, with a shortening effect on time to disease development.

Conclusion.

The study showed that capillary diameter is an independent predictor for development of SSc-associated SRP. Progression to SRP is unlikely for subjects affected by RP when average capillary diameter is under 30 μm. Subsequently, the execution of the qualitative/quantitative integrated analysis should be part of the NVC followup of RP subjects.
Un réveil en sursaut
Authors: Garapon Antoine
Published: February 2016

En lien avec la globalisation, nous assistons à un retour des violences, qui dissipe l’illusion d’un monde apaisé. Peut-on les réinscrire dans un horizon de sens commun ?
La violence mondialisée
Authors: Garapon Antoine
Published: February 2016

La violence des terroristes est à la fois produite par la mondialisation et destructrice du monde. Avec elle, les frontières ne dessinent plus des territoires, mais séparent des personnes. Tout comme l’économie globale, le terrorisme déterritorialisé nous oblige à repenser le lien politique.
Fonder une start-up industrielle dès la fin de ses études ?
Authors: Gallet Clémentine
Published: February 2016

Coriolis Composites est fondée en 2001 à Lyon par trois ingénieurs passionnés de voile dans le but de construire des coques de voiliers en matériaux composites. Mais c’est Airbus qui passe la première commande et la fait décoller à Lorient...
Comment poursuivre sa croissance quand on est leader mondial ?
Authors: Schiller Olivier
Published: February 2016

Fondé en 1932, le laboratoire Septodont est le leader mondial des anesthésiques dentaires. Il vise maintenant une meilleure pénétration dans les pays émergents, un élargissement de la gamme dans le dentaire et une diversification dans les injectables.
Les grands médias peuvent-ils oser l’optimisme ?
Authors: Quentin Christine
Published: February 2016

Sommes-nous liés à un modèle économique et social intangible ? Des voies alternatives existent mais il faut les faire connaître. C’est à quoi s’est attachée Christine Quentin sur une radio dédiée à un auditoire de décideurs, et les lignes bougent.
Nommer les événements à l’épreuve des mots et de la construction du discours
Authors: Moirand Sophie , Reboul-Touré Sandrine
Published: February 2016

Étudier l’acte de nommer les événements, dans le cadre d’une analyse du discours attentive au fonctionnement des mots, invite à étudier les frontières entre dénomination et désignation et entre nom propre et nom commun . La nomination est ici étudiée dans ses relations cotextuelles et contextuelles pour mieux comprendre le rôle qu’elle joue dans la construction de la référence au monde, et dans une pragmatique socio-cognitive intégrant les émotions. Cette recherche se veut une contribution à la construction d’une sémantique discursive articulée aux conditions socio-historiques des productions langagières.
L’acte de nommer comme constitution de formes : discursivité de la production du sens
Authors: Longhi Julien
Published: February 2016

Cet article s’inscrit dans le cadre d’un projet de constitution d’une théorie linguistique appelée Théorie des objets discursifs (TOD) : concevoir un objet discursif comme une synthèse d’apparences, appréhendable par la diversité des formes, et les formes en fonction des rapports que l’on entretient avec elles, permet de définir l’acte de nommer comme un processus discursif qui joue sur différentes strates de l’activité langagière, au fil des formes sémantiques, discursives et sociodiscursives. Nous analysons comparativement les objets discursifs pigeon et mouton , et montrons que si les topoï des deux objets peuvent se rejoindre (plumé/tondu) , les processus sémantiques à l’œuvre dans l’épaisseur des formes diffèrent : la forme sémantique du vocable mouton importe avec elle le suivisme et le caractère commun/banal , et lorsque les procédés discursifs de profilage orientent certains emplois vers tondu/spolié , les autres dimensions peuvent ressortir lors d’autres actualisations discursives.
Regards sur l'énergie marémotrice : de la construction industrielle à la construction paysagère ?
Authors: Motte Edwige , Corcuff Marie-Pascale
Published: February 2016

Cet article vise à illustrer un aspect des relations possibles entre image et science à travers un domaine particulier : les représentations prospectives et médiatiques de projets d'aménagement (dessins, coupes, modèle 2d et 3d…) et la réflexion épistémologique sur le paysage. Plus précisément, il est question d'interroger les liens entre ces deux domaines : comment les paradigmes scientifiques et environnementaux influencent-ils les choix relatifs à la couverture médiatique des projets d'aménagement ? L'approche présentée ici propose de comparer deux projets similaires : l'usine marémotrice de l'estuaire de la Rance, inaugurée en 1966, et l'actuel projet d'implantation de lagons marémoteurs en baie de Swansea. Concrètement, il s'agit d'une analyse iconique et plastique d'un large corpus iconographique issu des supports visuels de médiatisation relatifs aux deux projets. L'attention porte successivement sur les aspects techniques, environnementaux et esthétiques de ces projets.
L'art de (ré)imaginer l'Afrique du Sud
Authors: Guyot Sylvain , Guinard Pauline
Published: February 2016

L'Afrique du Sud contemporaine est parcourue et façonnée par un ensemble d'images, souvent négatives, parfois contradictoires, qui contribuent à la construire comme un territoire violent, ségrégé mais aussi divers tant sur le plan naturel que culturel. Nous proposons ici de nous intéresser à la manière dont ces images produisent ce que nous appelons un « imaginaire territorial » qui participe à la (ré)invention de la nation sud-africaine contemporaine. À partir de différentes expériences de terrain menées en Afrique du Sud, nous analyserons les images mobilisées au service de cet imaginaire territorial, avant de montrer comment la mise en art de l'espace permet de confirmer ces images en les ancrant dans le territoire ou, au contraire, de les transformer et de proposer ainsi un imaginaire territorial alternatif.
Entrepreneur, dynamique d’innovation et écosystème d’affaires
Authors: Blondel Frédérique , Gratacap Anne
Published: February 2016

L’article place l’entrepreneur au cœur de l’écosystème d’affaires (EA) afin de comprendre en quoi tous deux participent à une dynamique d’innovation ouverte. Il s’agit de montrer qu’un environnement favorable à l’appropriation et aux transferts de connaissances peut faciliter l’innovation et encourager les activités entrepreneuriales. Ainsi l’écosystème d’affaires, en englobant la vision de l’écosystème entrepreneurial, dépasse ses frontières territoriales et sectorielles.
Décentralisation et innovation : le rôle central du « territoire »
Authors: Guesnier Bernard
Published: February 2016

La croissance et l’investissement sont au ralenti, la courbe du chômage ne s’inverse pas en dépit des politiques menées par les gouvernements depuis plusieurs années : pour quelle raison alors que les économies décentralisées réagissent mieux. Il faut changer le modèle hiérarchique centralisé dans lequel les priorités sont définies par le gouvernement, fixant ainsi les grands investissements et les politiques d’innovation. Il s’agit de prendre en considération les besoins de la société locale et donner aux pouvoirs locaux la possibilité de décider en matière de financement de l’innovation en fonction des ressources territoriales dans les domaines, tant agricole qu’énergétique et des services. Cela devrait permettre de créer de l’activité et des emplois dans tout le territoire.
Cultures de la soutenabilité selon la théorie d’Ulrich Beck : stratégies territoriales de l’électromobilité
Authors: Boyom Charlene , Callens Stéphane , Sofiane Cherfi
Published: February 2016

L’article traite de l’efficacité des stratégies adoptées par les cultures territoriales en matière de diffusion d’innovation environnementale. Les données recueillies ont été confrontées à un schéma d’analyse proposé par Ulrich Beck, celui de la catastrophe émancipatrice , catalyseur d’une culture positive de la soutenabilité. Il en ressort que l’introduction à large échelle de différents types de véhicules électriques permet de mieux caractériser les formes adaptées de la décentralisation face au risque climatique. Le Centre et la Périphérie jouent un rôle positif dans les stratégies soutenables.
How to exploit the legacy of Jean-Baptiste Say?
Authors: Schoorl Evert
Published: February 2016

L’héritage de Jean-Baptiste Say, économiste français classique majeur, est incontesté. Cela repose essentiellement sur sa célèbre Loi des Marchés ou Loi des Débouchés. Dans une moindre mesure, c’est sa contribution à la théorie de l’entrepreneur qui est retenue. Dans cet article, l’auteur examine brièvement l’héritage de Say et avance quelques remarques spéculatives sur sa "valorisation" par rapport aux nouvelles fonctions possibles pour l’usine de tissage de coton, à l’origine fondée par lui-même à Auchy-lès-Hesdin (au Nord de la France).
Ophthalmic Manifestations in Children With Congenital Hypothyroidism
Authors: Kurtul Bengi Ece , Ozer Pinar Altiaylik , Kabatas Emrah Utku , Gürkan Asuman , Aycan Zehra
Published: February 2016

Purpose:

To evaluate the frequencies of ophthalmic abnormalities in children with congenital hypothyroidism.

Methods:

A total of 121 patients with a history of congenital hypothyroidism, aged 1 to 216 months, were included in the study. The initial ophthalmological examinations and demographic data of patients who were examined between April 2013 and April 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Accompanying systemic abnormalities were also noted.

Results:

Ophthalmic pathology was determined in 40.4% (49 of 121) of patients with congenital hypothyroidism, of which 79.5% (39 of 49) had significant refractive errors and 32.6% (16 of 49) had strabismus. Systemic abnormalities were observed in 74.3% (90 of 121) of the children, among which 47.1% (57 of 121) were congenital heart defects and 38.0% (46 of 121) were neurologic abnormalities. A high prevalence of Down syndrome (17.3%; 21 of 121) and atopic dermatitis (8.2%; 10 of 121) was detected among patients with congenital hypothyroidism.

Conclusions:

In addition to many associated systemic abnormalities, ophthalmic pathologies may also occur in children with congenital hypothyroidism. Thus, routine ophthalmological examination is recommended for these children, starting from the time of initial diagnosis.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabisumus
. 2016;53(1):29–34.]
Pediatric Ophthalmologists' Experiences With Abusive Head Trauma
Authors: Sussenbach Evan C. , Siatkowski R. Michael , Ding Kai , Yanovitch Tammy L.
Published: February 2016

Purpose:

To estimate the number of cases of abusive head trauma seen by pediatric ophthalmologists and analyze factors associated with physician subpoenas and court testimonies.

Methods:

Pediatric ophthalmologists were surveyed about their experiences with abusive head trauma. The survey was sent to 875 active members of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (AAPOS).

Results:

The response rate was 15% (132 surveys). The median pediatric ophthalmologist is consulted 10.0 (interquartile range [IQR] = 4.0 to 19.0) times per year to evaluate patients for abusive head trauma and sees 2.5 (IQR = 1.0 to 6.0) patients with probable abusive head trauma each year. Pediatric ophthalmologists were equally likely to be subpoenaed (4.6% vs 4.8%,
P
= .84) or to testify (1.9% vs 1.7%,
P
= .79) whether they did or did not perform retinal photography. Physicians were equally likely to be subpoenaed (4.8% vs 7.1%,
P
= .92) or to testify (2.2% vs 0.0%,
P
= .17) whether a child abuse team was involved in patient care or not. Geographic location had no statistical significance on how frequently pediatric ophthalmologists were subpoenaed (
P
= .17) or testified in court (
P
= .12). When a pediatric ophthalmologist was subpoenaed to court, the median number of missed clinic days was 1.0 (IQR = 1.0 to 2.0), with an estimated cost of $3,000 (IQR = $1,750 to $4,750) in lost revenue.

Conclusions:

Obtaining retinal imaging, having a child abuse team, and geographic location had no significant relationship with how often pediatric ophthalmologists were subpoenaed or testified in court.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabisumus
. 2016;53(1):25–28.]
Assessment of Grating Acuity in Infants and Toddlers Using an Electronic Acuity Card: The Dobson Card
Authors: Mohan Kathleen M. , Miller Joseph M. , Harvey Erin M. , Gerhart Kimberly D. , Apple Howard P. , Apple Deborah , Smith Jordana M. , Davis Amy L. , Leonard-Green Tina , Campus Irene , Dennis Leslie K.
Published: February 2016

Purpose:

To determine if testing binocular visual acuity in infants and toddlers using the Acuity Card Procedure (ACP) with electronic grating stimuli yields clinically useful data.

Methods:

Participants were infants and toddlers ages 5 to 36.7 months referred by pediatricians due to failed automated vision screening. The ACP was used to test binocular grating acuity. Stimuli were presented on the Dobson Card. The Dobson Card consists of a handheld matte-black plexiglass frame with two flush-mounted tablet computers and is similar in size and form to commercially available printed grating acuity testing stimuli (Teller Acuity Cards II [TACII]; Stereo Optical, Inc., Chicago, IL). On each trial, one tablet displayed a square-wave grating and the other displayed a luminance-matched uniform gray patch. Stimuli were roughly equivalent to the stimuli available in the printed TACII stimuli. After acuity testing, each child received a cycloplegic eye examination. Based on cycloplegic retinoscopy, patients were categorized as having high or low refractive error per American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus vision screening referral criteria. Mean acuities for high and low refractive error groups were compared using analysis of covariance, controlling for age.

Results:

Mean visual acuity was significantly poorer in children with high refractive error than in those with low refractive error (
P
= .015).

Conclusions:

Electronic stimuli presented using the ACP can yield clinically useful measurements of grating acuity in infants and toddlers. Further research is needed to determine the optimal conditions and procedures for obtaining accurate and clinically useful automated measurements of visual acuity in infants and toddlers.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2016;53(1):56–59.]
Cambios paisajísticos y efectos medioambientales debidos a la agricultura intensiva en la Comarca de Campo de Cartagena-Mar Menor (Murcia)
Authors: Caballero Pedraza Agustín , Romero Díaz Asunción , Espinosa Soto Inmaculada
Published: February 2016

El cultivo mediante invernaderos ha supuesto una de las mayores transformaciones agrícolas en el mundo, pero en especial en el sureste español. El objetivo general de este estudio ha sido analizar la transformación del paisaje y algunos de sus efectos medioambientales que, en la comarca de Cartagena-Mar Menor, ha tenido lugar en las últimas décadas, como consecuencia de la instalación masiva de invernaderos. Para ello se han evaluado las superficies ocupadas por invernaderos en varios años de referencia, mediante digitalización de ortofotos y análisis estadístico. Los resultados muestran un aumento creciente de la superficie de invernaderos, desde 1980, relacionado con el trasvase Tajo-Segura. Este tipo de agricultura intensiva tiene aspectos socioeconómicos muy positivos, pero se ponen de manifiesto otros aspectos negativos desde un punto de vista medioambiental: residuos generados (sólidos y líquidos), aumento de las escorrentías y por tanto de las inundaciones, o la posible contaminación del Mar Menor.

[fr] La culture en serre a été l’une des plus grandes transformations agricoles dans le monde, et particulièrement dans le sud-est espagnol. L’objectif général de cette étude était d’analyser la transformation du paysage et certains de ses effets sur l’environnement dans la région de Cartagena-Mar Menor, transformation qui a eu lieu au cours des dernières décennies en raison de l’installation massive de serres. Cette étude a été pratiquée sur des zones occupées par des serres pendant plusieurs années par orthophotos numérisées suivie d’une analyse statistique.
Les résultats montrent une surface de plus en plus occupée par les serres depuis 1980, en raison de l’arrivée d’eau de la rivière Tajo à la Segura. Ce type d’agriculture intensive a des aspects économiques très positifs, mais d’un point de vue environnemental on relève aussi des aspects très négatifs: les déchets et autres résidus toxiques (solides et liquides), l’augmentation du ruissellement et donc des inondations, ou d’une possible contamination de la Mar Menor.
La rehabilitación urbana sostenible en centros históricos: los casos de León (España) y Puebla (México)
Authors: González González María Jesús , Ramírez Rosete Norma Leticia
Published: February 2016

En este trabajo se analizan los cambios que han sufrido los centros históricos de las ciudades de León (España) y Puebla (México) para realizar una comparación y poner de manifiesto que existen los mismos problemas en ambas ciudades. Los factores que determinan la problemática de los centros históricos, tales como la pérdida de vitalidad funcional y el deterioro físico y social, se evidencian en estos dos casos de estudio. Se plantea utilizar una Estrategia de Integración y Rehabilitación Urbana Sostenible, basada en características funcionales, formales, sociales y ambientales. Los resultados se expresan mediante la conservación del patrimonio histórico, los cambios en los usos del suelo y sus condiciones ambientales.

[fr] La présente étude analyse les changements subis dans les centres historiques des villes de León (Espagne) et de Puebla (Mexique) afin de réaliser une comparaison et de mettre en évidence les problèmes très similaires partagés par les deux villes. Les facteurs déterminant la problématique des centres historiques, tels que la perte de la vitalité fonctionnelle ou la détérioration physique et sociale, sont mis en évidence dans les deux cas de notre étude. On instaure l’utilisation d’une Stratégie d’Intégration et Réhabilitation Urbaine Durable, fondée sur des caractéristiques fonctionnelles, formelles, sociales et environnementales. Les résultats s‘expriment moyennant la préservation du patrimoine historique, les changements d’utilisation du sol et de ses conditions environnementales.