bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Investigation Into the Use of “Hybrid” Adjustment Techniques in the Application of the Sales Comparison Method in Residential Valuation
Authors: Munshifwa Ephraim K.
Published: April 2021

The sales comparison is the most common and universally accepted method in valuation. Although the theoretical entry point of the method is the same across most continents, its application in practice is varied and often determined by local circumstances. This often necessitates the modification of the method. For instance, while Zambian valuation practice uses this method in residential valuation, its application goes beyond the basic valuation model, incorporating a less known technique called the “reduced floor area (RFA)” technique. The RFA technique is a form of relative importance (weight) concept which assesses ancillary buildings on site relative to the main use; for residential properties this is the main house on site. Despite its obscurity in valuation literature, practitioners find its use acceptable within the dictates of local circumstances. Nonetheless, the lack of documentation means knowledge on the technique is transmitted verbally from senior valuers to graduates, and its application is not consistent across the profession, contributing to variances in the assessed values. This necessitates detailed scrutiny of the technique. Data for the study was collected from the Valuation Surveyors Registration Board (VSRB), a statutory body responsible for licensing valuers and regulating valuation practice. This is the first time the RFA technique is being discussed in a scholarly article.
The Influence of Dissimilarity of Comparables on the Correctness of Estimation in the Comparative Approach Procedure
Authors: Zyga Jacek
Published: April 2021

The subject of this article is the still relevant issue of the adequate choice of comparables in evaluation procedures within the sales comparison approach. The text features the results of an experiment that makes it possible to validate the dependence of the accuracy of the final estimation of the price of valued objects in relation to the criteria of significance of similarity as a determinant of accepting individual objects as sufficiently similar, and the dissimilarity coefficients describing the created reference sets. Based on the example of simulated data, it has been shown that there is a clear relationship between the accuracy of the estimates made and the selection of comparables. In a set of all possible calculation variations, estimations based on selected data are characterized by more accurate calculations relative to parallel calculations carried out on the widest possible sets of comparables.
Role of Behavioral Biases in Real Estate Prices in Pakistan
Authors: Malik M Asad Saleem , Zafar Muhammad , Ullah Saif , Ullah Atta
Published: April 2021

The study aims to explore the effect of behavioral biases on financial decision making in the real estate sector of Pakistan. The data of a sample of 244 real estate investors are collected through a survey carried out using different sources. The findings of the study show the relationship of different biases, including overconfidence, herding effect, gambler’s fallacy, and regret aversion on prices of real estate. Real estate prices are more affected by overconfidence and gambler’s fallacy than herding effect and regrets aversion bias in Pakistan. The findings furthermore reveal that these biases do not depend on gender, education, and demographics. It is recommended to carefully consider the market factors while making decisions in real estate, as the prices do not always show the real value of the property.
Epiphany and Otherness in the Vision of Father André Scrima
Authors: Boicu Dragoş
Published: April 2021

Father André Scrima emphasized in his works the unanimous and universal duty of discovering the necessity of otherness or alterity as the exigency of our own path to God. He often spoke of the encounter and “askesis of the dialogue” that consists of the effort to open completely and without reserve to the other. From this point of view, we could consider André Scrima the visionary who intermediates the unveiling and the Revelation that, regardless of confession and religion, every human being has the chance to develop an authentic relationship with the divinity. Also, he advocates an indispensable condition or the most basic ethical argument required to get closer to God, namely recognizing the universal quality of all humankind as equally capable to be vessels of God’s grace, and hence they should be appreciated as such.
Experimental Verification of Method to Synthesize the Track Vertical Irregularities
Authors: Dumitriu Mădălina , Răcănel Ionuţ Radu
Published: April 2021

The paper focuses on the experimental verification of the results derived from numerical simulations, based on a model of the bogie-track system, where the vertical track irregularities are introduced in the form of a pseudorandom function. This function comes from an original method of synthesizing the vertical track irregularities, depending on the geometric quality of the track and on the velocity. To verify the method, the root mean square (RMS) of the simulated accelerations in the axles and the bogie frame against each axle is compared to the experimental accelerations within the frequency range of wavelengths of the track vertical irregularities from 3 to 120 m. The results have shown a good correlation between the simulated RMS accelerations for a low quality track and the measured RMS accelerations.
Simultaneous Influence of the Track Axis Curvature and the Support Line Obliquity at Railway Bridge Superstructures with Steel Beams Embedded in Concrete
Authors: Marian Stănescu Răzvan , Mihaela Stan Oana
Published: April 2021

For new railway bridges with small spans (L ≤ 35.00 m) superstructures with steel beams embedded in concrete are recommended and used, which can ensure the requirements of strength and especially stiffness, regardless of velocity.

In all the design prescriptions used so far for superstructures with steel beams embedded in concrete, and even in the technical literature, there is little information and data on the influence of the support line obliquity and the track axis curvature in the design and calculation of these types of structures.

In the design code, if certain conditions related to the geometry of the superstructure are met (obliquity, curvature) the calculation is a simplified one, made on a single isolated longitudinal beam of the deck; otherwise, if the conditions are not met, finite element program analysis is recommended.

The article aims to study the situations in which the requirements of the design prescriptions are not met.
Special-Purpose River-Port Sediment Valorization as Road Construction Material Emphasising Environmental Aspects
Authors: Barišić Ivana , Marković Berislav , Vukićević Mirjana , Marjanović Miloš , Brleković Tamara
Published: April 2021

Special-purpose river port sediment was investigated for its potential use as a road construction material. Sediment samples were extracted from three locations in three small river ports, and detailed laboratory research was conducted to determine its basic mechanical properties and characteristics that can potentially have an adverse influence in a roadside environment. The results of the research conducted indicate that there is a need for systematic monitoring of the quality and quantity of sediment in special-purpose river ports of the Danube River Basin to maintain its mobility and prevent flooding. The basic engineering characteristics (Proctor elements, Atterberg limits, California bearing ratio, and unconfined compressive strength) determined represent the good potential of the sediment samples tested herein for use in road construction. In addition, the chemical characteristics tested indicate the need for detailed analyses of the potential environmental risk before application in civil engineering structures
The role of qSOFA score and biomarkers in assessing severity of community-acquired pneumonia in adults
Authors: Tripon Raluca-Elena , Cristea Victor , Lupse Mihaela-Sorina
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the primary cause of severe sepsis. Severity assessment scores have been created, in order to help physicians decide the proper management of CAP. The purpose of this study was to examine the correlations between different CAP severity scores, including qSOFA, several biomarkers and their predictive value in the 30 day follow-up period, regarding adverse outcome.

Materials and methods: One hundred and thirty nine adult patients with CAP, admitted in the Teaching Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Cluj-Napoca, Romania from December 2015 to February 2017, were enrolled in this study. Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI), CURB-65, SMART-COP and the qSOFA scores were calculated at admittance. Also, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT) and albumin levels were used to determine severity.

Results: The mean PSI of all patients was 93.30±41.135 points, for CURB-65 it was 1.91±0.928 points, for SMART-COP it was 1.69±1.937 points. The mean qSOFA was 1.06±0.522 points, 21 (14.9%) were at high risk of in-hospital mortality. In the group of patients with qSOFA of ≥2, all pneumonia severity scores and all biomarkers tested were higher than those with scores <2. We found significant correlations between biomarkers and severity scores, but none regarding adverse outcome.

Conclusion: The qSOFA score is easier to use and it is able to accurately evaluate the severity of CAP, similar to other scores. Biomarkers are useful in determining the severity of the CAP. Several studies are needed to assess the prediction of these biomarkers and severity scores in pneumonia regarding adverse outcome.
Extended panel of biomarkers for long term monitoring of effectiveness of 3 direct antiviral regimen in HCV genotype 1b infection: results from a Romanian infectious disease hospital
Authors: Harja-Alexa Ioana-Alina , Mihaela Luca Catalina , Manciuc Carmen Doina , Vata Andrei , Badescu Aida , Hurmuzache Mihnea-Eudoxiu , Ciocan Alexandra Mirela , Hunea Ioana Maria , Iancu Luminita-Smaranda
Published: April 2021

Background: Hepatitis C virus can be eradicated with antiviral therapy, thus reducing the risk of disease progression and death associated with the final stage of liver disease.

Methods: 241 patients received PrOD+RBV for 12 weeks. Clinical and laboratory data were assessed at baseline, week 4, 8, 12 (end of treatment, EOT), and 12 weeks after therapy (sustained virological response, SVR). Subsequently, biological and virological measurements were performed at least 48 weeks after obtaining SVR12 in responder patients.

Results: Per protocol SVR12 rate was 97,6%. Severe adverse events were reported in 3 patients (1.24%) and led to treatment discontinuation (liver decompensation). One 58-year-old patient who completed the treatment died before SVR evaluation due to acute mesenteric ischemia (not related to antiviral therapy). Baseline total bilirubin above 2 mg/dl can be considered a predictive factor for non-response to PrOD+RBV treatment (p = 0.004). Of the 30 patients evaluated at least 48 weeks after SVR no one presented relapses, with no statistically significant differences in biological parameters changes and no adverse events were noted during the 48-week follow up period.

Conclusion: Our study revealed the high effectiveness and good safety profile of PrOD +RBV in patients with genotype-1b HCV compensated cirrhosis (Child Pugh A) which were maintained during a 48-week period after treatment finalization.
Molecular diagnostic of Ureaplasma urealyticum presence and tetracycline resistance in urine samples
Authors: Vica Mihaela Laura , Matei Horea Vladi , Katona Agnes , Puia Aida , Teodoru Cosmin Adrian
Published: April 2021

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are among the most common infections in Romania. Infection with Ureaplasma urelyticum is one of the major causes of STIs and can cause serious complications. Although tetracycline is the drug commonly used to treat infections caused by U. urealyticum, several studies indicate the emergence and rapid development of strains resistant to these antibiotics in the United States or Europe. Tetracycline resistance in bacteria is encoded by a number of different genetic determinants but in mycoplasmas the only tetracycline resistance determinant that has been reported is the tetM gene. Tetracycline resistance among Ureaplasma spp. is associated with the presence of the horizontally acquired tetM resistance gene. Our study on bacterial DNA aimed to determine the presence of tetracycline-resistant U. urealyticum strains, by identifying the presence of the tetM gene. We used first void urine samples from 622 STI-suspected subjects. DNA was extracted, purified and amplified via PCR for the simultaneous detection of 6 STIs. 68 patients were diagnosed with U. urealyticum. DNA obtained from these samples was amplified using the tetM gene and U. urealyticum - specific urease gene primers. The urease gene was amplified in all samples, confirming the presence of U. urealyticum. The tetM gene was amplified in 2 samples considered tetracycline-resistant strains. The study confirmed the presence of U. urealyticum strains resistant to tetracycline in Romania. The employed technique can produce quick results both for U. urealyticum detection and determination of its resistance to tetracycline using a single easy-to-collect biological sample.
The positive rate of IgM and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 is similar in severe and non-severe COVID-19 patients
Authors: Jiang Nan , Sun Yaoyao , Sun Hongyan , Yang Bo , Tan Juan , Sun Huan , Wang Shuai , Yu Qiong
Published: April 2021

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly in China and globally. In order to control the spread of the epidemic, it is important to find an efficient diagnostic method.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the responses of antibodies during SARS-CoV-2 infection in relation to disease severity and to evaluate the association between the positive rate of antibody detection and nucleic acid test.

Methods: Ninety patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection were recruited in this retrospective observational study. Demographic, clinical data, and SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies in serum specimens were detected at 4 and 6 weeks after diagnosis.

Results: IgM and IgG antibody levels showed a decreased tendency, the titers at week 4 were higher than the titers at week 6: The positive rates of IgM at week 4 and 6 were 92.9% and 67.9%, respectively. The positive rates of IgG at week 4 and week 6 were 100%. No association was found between the positive rate of antibody detection at week 4 or 6 and that of nucleic acid test (P>0.05). No difference between the positive rate of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in severe and non-severe COVID-19 patients was observed.

Conclusions: Antibody detection is an effective means in the diagnosis of COVID-19. The titer and positive rate of IgM are lower than those of IgG in the first six weeks after infection. Positive rate of antibodies was not different between severe and non-severe patients.
Thermal Infrared Images to Identify the Contribution of Surface Materials to the Canopy Layer Heat Island in Hot-Humid Urban Areas
Authors: Binarti Floriberta , Pranowo Pranowo , Leksono Soesilo Boedi
Published: April 2021

This study presents a combination technique of thermal infrared images captured by infrared camera and satellite thermal images retrieved from Landsat-8 OLI TIRS to identify the contribution of vertical and horizontal surface materials in two hot-humid street canyons with similar sky view factor and street orientation. The infrared camera captures surface temperature images of vertical and inclined surfaces of the street canyons. The images at horizontal scale are derived based on six land cover indices – i.e., Land Surface Temperature (LST), surface albedo, thermal emissivity, Normalized Different Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Different Built Area Index (NDBI), Normalized Different Water Index (NDWI) – using an image processing technique conducted in ArcGIS. This study used two micro weather stations to measure microclimate conditions depicting the Canopy Layer Heat Island (CLHI) of the canyons at the same time. Despite the capability of the combined technique to identify the contribution of surface materials to the LST, different radiative and thermal properties of the surface materials insignificantly modified the CLHI.
Lowbrows as Rebels: Under What Circumstances a “Low” Musical Genre Can Change its Cultural Value? The Case of Disco Polo and Populism in Poland
Authors: Łuczaj Kamil
Published: April 2021

The sociology of culture and the sociology of valuation and evaluation are closely related (Lam-ont 2012). In both cases, social hierarchies are the primary, fundamental focal point. Usually, so-ciologists of culture show what the necessary conditions for building social boundaries in a givenhistorical context are (see e.g. Bourdieu, 1984; Ang, 1985; Ikegami, 2005). The main aim of this paper,however, is to present how lowbrow aesthetics can resist fierce social critique and how social stigmarelated to “low” tastes can be reversed. I focus on “disco polo” – a genre of simple dance music thatbecame popular in the early 1990s, almost disappeared in 2010s, and recently came back all of thesudden. Disco polo (henceforth: DP) formed an entire aesthetics style, comprising not only musicand a kitschy (thus stigmatized and ridiculed) style of videos, but also androcentric values behind thelyrics, a specific way of dressing – with prominent status signifiers such as golden chains or sportcars. Although the empirical material comes from Poland, the core issue is far more generally appli-cable: the rehabilitation of the lowermost (from the point of view of Bourdieusian dominant classes)kitschy tastes (Kulka 1996; Ward 1996), which is very different from camp sensibility (Sontag 2018).How can lowbrow consumers resist symbolic oppression and derive pleasure from culturally sanc-tioned “shameful” objects? Focusing on the historical example of this typically Polish music genre,I will show under what circumstances the open rejection of legitimate tastes and admiration of lowtastes is possible.
Is the increase of uric acid associated with the components of the metabolic syndrome?
Authors: Sudmantaitė Vaida , Mikolaitytė Jurgita , Badarienė Jolita , Čypienė Alma , Jucevičienė Agnė , Rutkauskienė Irma , Puronaitė Roma , Laucevičius Aleksandras
Published: April 2021

Objectives: There is increasing evidence that metabolic syndrome (MetS) may be associated with increased uric acid levels. Previous studies indicate that hyperuricaemia is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disorders. We sought to determine the association of serum uric acid (SUA) with MetS components and other cardiovascular risk factors among middle aged Lithuanians with MetS.

Design and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018. A total of 705 subjects aged 40 to 65 years with MetS diagnosed using NCEP ATP III criteria were included. None of the participants had previously diagnosed cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, peripheral artery or end-stage oncological disease. Blood tests and all anthropometric measurements were obtained using standard methods. Subjects were divided into 2 groups: with hyperuricaemia and without hyperuricaemia.

Results: Hyperuricaemia was found in 33.3% of subjects. Mean serum uric acid level increased as the number of metabolic factors increased. Participants with hyperuricaemia had abnormal waist circumference (p < 0.001), higher systolic (p = 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.003), higher levels of triglycerides and, lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.001). Subjects in hyperuricaemia group were more likely to be alcohol users (p = 0.034), to have diabetes (p = 0.02) and higher body mass index (p < 0.001). Their creatinine levels were statistically significantly higher (p < 0.001).

Conclusions: Our analysis showed that serum uric acid is associated with MetS and other cardiovascular risk factors. The study found a statistically significant association with the four out of five components of the MetS (excluding plasma glucose) as well as with alcohol consumption, and renal function indicators (creatinine, eGFR).
Recurrent Pregnancy Induced Pemphigus Vulgaris: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Azwir Irsalina Husna , Djawad Khairuddin , Waspodo Nurelly N. , Madjid Asnawi
Published: April 2021

Pemphigus vulgaris is a potentially life-threatening bullous autoimmune disease that can be triggered by various factors, one of which is pregnancy. Cases of pregnancy induced pemphigus are rare, and can result in devastating outcomes, both from the maternal or fetal perspectives if not treated promptly and adequately. The use of systemic corticosteroids is paramount to improve the outcome of the patient and fetus and it is a first-line treatment for the disease. Patients with a history of pemphigus should plan their pregnancies carefully, taking into consideration a minimum of 6 months remission before conception. This case report is about a 28-year-old woman with a history of pemphigus vulgaris that did not seek medical treatment of her pemphigus, which resulted in the intrauterine fetal death. The patient was treated with systemic corticosteroids and achieved great resolution to her blisters and overall wellbeing.
Harlequin Ichthyosis (HI) Associated with Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) and Choanal Atresia
Authors: Deshmukh Nitika S. , Gosavi Anil , Chavan Ravindranath B. , Belgaumkar Vasudha A.
Published: April 2021

Harlequin ichthyosis (HI) is a severe form of congenital ichthyosis with autosomal recessive inheritance. Incidence of harlequin ichthyosis is 1 in 3,00,000 live births. We report a case of HI associated with bilateral choanal atresia and atrial septal defects, which is a rare association in this skin disorder. A-month-old preterm male baby born out of consanguineous marriage presented with features of armour-like scales and erythema all over body, ectropion, eclabium and fissures over flexures. The patient was born with a colloidion membrane at birth. The baby was operated for bilateral choanal atresia soon after birth because he developed cyanosis upon breast feeding which improved on crying. Upon flexible nasal endoscopy, diagnosis of membranous type of choanal atresia was confirmed by ENT (ear, nose, throat) surgeon. Heart auscultation revealed a murmur in our patient. Electrocardiogram and 2D Echocardiography was reported as atrial septal defect (4.5 mm OsASD). The patient was started on acitretin (1 mg/kg/day) and emollients after complete evaluation and is currently on regular follow up. Harlequin ichthyosis is linked to mutation of ABCA12 gene. It is often associated with eclabium, ectropion, hypoplastic nose, ears and fingers. Congenital heart diseases are rarely reported with HI in literature. This makes it mandatory to screen HI patients for internal defects.
Psychometric Properties of the Quality of Life Questionnaire - Cervical Cancer 24 (QLQ CX 24) Translation to Serbian
Authors: Zaric Radica Zivkovic , Radojevic Marija Zivkovic , Krasic Katarina , Milovanovic Jasmina , Jankovic Slobodan
Published: April 2021

Cancer of the cervix has a progressive character and is one of the most significant public health problems in many countries. Our research aimed to translate EORTC QLQ CX 24 (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer; Quality of life questionnaire-cervical cancer 24) from English to Serbian, to create essential cultural adaptations and to analyze psychometric properties of the translation in a model of female inpatients with cancer of the cervix. The QLQ CX 24 was translated and adapted according to internationally established guidelines, and then tested on a sample of 100 Serbian females with cancer of the cervix. The testing was repeated three times on the same patients. We calculated the internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha), criterion validity, convergent validity, and discriminative validity of the QLQ CX 24. We used factor analysis to discover the original construct. The Serbian translation of QLQ CX 24 showed good internal consistency, showed satisfactory reliability, and temporal stability. In the first, when was rated by the investigators Cronbach’s alpha was 0.607, and one month later when the questionnaire also was rated by investigators Cronbach’s alpha was 0.696. When the scale was rated by females themselves Cronbach’s alpha was 0.802. Divergent as well as convergent validity tests had good results. The factorial analysis exposed six domains. The Serbian translation of QLQ CX 24 is a trustworthy and appropriate specific instrument for measuring the quality of life in females with cervical cancer.
An examination of retailers’ compliance with the minimum legal drinking (purchasing) age law in Slovenia: A quasi-experimental intervention study
Authors: Kamin Tanja , Čož Sinja , Atanasova Sara
Published: April 2021

Introduction

Alcohol consumption among young people is strongly related to alcohol availability. The minimum legal drinking (purchasing) age (MLDA) is a legal measure that regulates alcohol availability to minors in Slovenia. This study examines (1) retailers’ compliance with the MLDA law in Slovenia and (2) the effectiveness of two interventions directed at cashiers in off-premise stores.

Methods

The study uses a non-randomized quasi-experimental design to evaluate the effectiveness of (1) a communication intervention directed at off-premise store managers, and (2) an intervention by the Slovene Market Inspectorate. The first intervention focused on informing cashiers about MLDA’s importance and their role as gatekeepers of young people’s health, while the second involved law enforcement. Using the mystery shopping protocol, we conducted two waves of purchase attempts with decoy underage shoppers pre- and post-intervention in 97 off-premise stores. We collected data on the shopping process at the point of sale and conducted 40 semistructured interviews with cashiers to evaluate the barriers and incentives regarding MLDA compliance.

Results

Retailers’ initial noncompliance rate with MLDA in off-premise stores was high, but improved significantly after the law enforcement intervention. We identified a significant correlation between the cashiers’ ID requests and the refusal of alcohol sales, but cashiers’ ID requests remained low. Qualitative findings reveal that cashiers experience several issues when handling MLDA in practice.

Conclusion

Noncompliance with MLDA persisted even after the law enforcement intervention, revealing the need for policy makers to introduce new strategies for MLDA enforcement, such as revocable alcohol licenses for off-premise stores.
Immigration Policy in the Crossfire of Neoliberalism and Neonationalism
Authors: Joppke Christian
Published: April 2021

Previous scholarship has looked at Western states’ immigration policies from the vantage point of advancing liberalism. This perspective needs to be updated by including two additional factors: neoliberalism and a new nationalism that arises in its context, typically in the form of populist right parties. I argue that contemporary immigration policy is bifurcated into two policies with opposite logics: one of proactively courting the top, and another of reactively fending off the bottom. This dual structure is best explained in neoliberal terms, with neonationalism merely reinforcing but not generating it.
Algorithmicity of Evolutionary Algorithms
Authors: Leciejewski Sławomir , Szynkiewicz Mariusz
Published: April 2021

In the first part of our article we will refer the penetration of scientific terms into colloquial language, focusing on the sense in which the concept of an algorithm currently functions outside its original scope. The given examples will refer mostly to disciplines not directly related to computer science and to the colloquial language. In the next part we will also discuss the modifications made to the meaning of the term algorithm and how this concept is now understood in computer science. Finally, we will discuss the problem of algorithmicity of evolutionary algorithms, i.e. we will try to answer the question whether – and to what extent – they are still algorithms in the classical sense.
Summary Strategies for Literary Texts in English
Authors: Malaj Lavdosh
Published: April 2021

One of the problems when students go to university is that they are faced with insufficient skills (reading, summarizing and writing). These skills are not just an option for students – they are a necessity. One of these skills is text summarizing. Summarizing strategies may be called the gist of the literary text. Different summarization strategies may be required for different text types and lengths. The ability to summarize well means your reading comprehension and writing skill should be excellent. Summarization is a high-level comprehension strategy which is effective in improving reading achievement and text summary quality.

Several approaches have been developed to analyse summarizing skills which are required to teach and learn English at all levels especially at university level. The research was conducted among students of the second year English department at University of Vlora. The summaries reflect the major differences among the strategies used by skilled and unskilled students. The skilled students produce coherent linguistic and syntactic structures. Skilled (high-proficiency) students use semantic and prepositional phrases more than unskilled students (low-proficiency). Thus, the skilled students do not distort ideas of the original text but distort subject-verb order. When they summarize, we can easily distinguish the way in which they combine idea units across two or more paragraphs. The summaries reflect that students write very long sentences. The margin of errors is considerable due to the mother tongue influence and their level of English.
The Roles of Women in the Lexicon of the Albanian “Code of Skanderbeg” (Kanuni I Skanderbegut)
Authors: Genesin Monica
Published: April 2021

A lexical analysis of the so-called Kanuni i Skanderbegut, an Albanian collection of customary laws, provides an insight to understand women’s social role in traditional communities living in the northern area of Albania. In the use of specific terminology one can notice a clear separation between the two sexes which is reflected in the distribution of roles and in using a structured terminology that designates not only roles and conditions, but also other aspects of social life.
Interreligious Dialogue in the Renaissance: Cusanus, De Pace Fidei
Authors: Rizzo Luana
Published: April 2021

The paper examines the Dialogue De pace fidei written by Nicolaus Cusanus in 1453 to settle disputes arising from events that triggered religious unrest, such as the fall of Constantinople in May 1453, the invasion and massacre of the Turks led by Sultan Mehmed II and the defeat of the Christians. Following the disintegration of medieval Christianity, Cusanus, instead of promoting a crusade, as Cardinal Bessarione did, proposed a more suitable way to make the major exponents of different religions interact in a fruitful dialogue, hoping for the peace of a single universal faith. The arguments through which Cusanus claimed the concept of a concordance and pacification of the faith reveal the originality and topicality of the message communicated by the humanist, founded on the doctrine of peace in the faith, overcoming inter-confessional barriers and religious divergences.

The author contrasts the divergences, massacres and wars with a doctrinal comparison among different religions through dialogue. The paper invites reflection upon the religious struggles that still spread discord in the world.
Features of Organic Agricultural Products Functioning in EU and Ukraine
Authors: Burliai Alina , Burliai Oleksandr , Nesterchuk Yulia , Revutska Alla
Published: April 2021

Organic agriculture ensures a balanced state of the ecosystem, which is the key to sustainable development of the economic and social spheres of society. European countries are in the process of historical development reached an understanding on the need for its further ecological progress. That is why the world market for organic products has formed. Studies show that the development of organic production began in the 20‘s of the twentieth century. Since then, markets for organic products began to grow rapidly in many countries. Among the world‘s regions, the largest areas of organic land are located in Oceania and Europe. The article is devoted to the study of foreign experience in the development of ecological agriculture. The variety of names of ecological systems of management in the countries of the world and the principles which are included in the concept “ecological agriculture“ are studied. The history of the emergence of organic agriculture has been explored. The analysis of the development of organic agricultural production at the world level, the countries of Europe and the European Union (EU) and individual countries has been analyzed. A grouping of organic farms in Europe has been organized in terms of size. Ukraine, with its significant natural and economic potential in the future may also be one of the important subjects that will form a proposal in this market. The environmental policy of the country has an important influence on the efficiency of organic farms.
The use of pictorial media card to improve the initial reading ability of slow learner students
Authors: Widyana Rahma , Dewi Nurani Sinta
Published: April 2021

This study determines the use of pictorial media to improve the initial reading ability of slow learners. The research hypothesizes that a significant increase in reading abilities will occur after receiving the pictorial cards as an intervention’s media. This study applies a pretest-posttest single group design. Wilcoxon’s test analysis showed that there were differences in initial reading ability scores before and after the intervention. The reading ability scores after using the pictorial card media were higher than before the intervention. Therefore, the pictorial media was able to improve the initial reading ability of slow learners based on this study’s samples of elementary students with poor reading skills.
Quality of Life in Infertile People Forced to Suspend Assisted Reproductive Technology Treatment during the COVID-19 Global Health Emergency
Authors:   Sapienza” University Of Rome, Di Trani Michela
Published: April 2021

To evaluate the psycho-physical well-being of people coping with infertility who were forced to suspend ART treatment due to restrictions related to the COVID-19 global health emergency.
Role of heat-shock proteins in infection of human adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7 by tumor-adapted rotavirus isolates
Authors: Pérez Claudia , Rico José , Guerrero Carlos A. , Acosta Orlando
Published: April 2021

Background:
Viruses are being used as alternative and complementary tools for treating cancers. Oncolytic viruses exhibit tumor tropism, ability to enhance anti-tumor immunity and ability to be used in combination with conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We have recently selected some rotavirus isolates which are adapted to efficiently infect and kill tumor cell lines.

Aim:
We tested five tumor cell-adapted rotavirus isolates for their ability to infect the human adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7.

Methods:
Cell surface membrane-associated proteins mediating virus particle attachment were characterized using ELISA, immunoprecipitation, FACS analysis, and antibody blocking.

Results:
It was found that heat shock proteins (HSPs) such as Hsp90, Hsp70, Hsp60, and Hsp40 are expressed on the cell surface forming complexes with protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), integrin β3, and heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70) in lipid raft microdomains. Interaction of rotavirus isolates with these cellular proteins was further confirmed by a competition assay and an inhibition assay involving the HSPs tested.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that the tumor cell-adapted rotavirus isolates studied here offer a promising tool for killing tumor cells, thus encouraging further research into this topic, including animal models.
Non-suicidal self-injury in patients with eating disorders: nuclear aspects
Authors: Rodríguez-López Alvaro , Rodríguez-Ortíz Erika , Romero-Gonzalez Borja
Published: April 2021

Background: Through the culture of thinness, increasingly promoted in our society as a beauty canon, it is not surprising that the number of people affected by eating disorders is increasing.
Objective: This research aims to study the relationship between non-suicidal self-injuries and nuclear aspects of eating disorders specified along with this article.
Methods: The sample consisted of 60 women diagnosed with anorexia and bulimia. Questionnaires assessing impulsivity, body satisfaction, alexithymia, body attitude and self-esteem were administered. Participants with non-suicidal self-harm were compared with those without, and participants with anorexia with and without self-harm and participants with bulimia with and without self-harm were compared.
Results: Differences were found in body dissatisfaction  = 5,71; p ≤ ,01), body attitudes  = 4,80; p ≤ ,02), self-esteem  = 14,09; p ≤ .00) and impulsivity (t = 3,39; p ≤ ,01) between participants with and without non-suicidal self-harm.
Conclusions: These are key factors for the clinic in the treatment of eating disorders to prevent the presence of self-harm, as it allows focusing the treatment target on those aspects such as dissatisfaction and impulsivity, which are key in the development of self-harm.
Essay “The Caucasian” as a phenomenon of existential paradigm in the prose of M. Y. Lermontov
Authors: Moskvin Georgy Vladimirovich
Published: April 2021

This article is dedicated to the question that has not been previously raised within the framework of Lermontov studies, namely analysis of the essay of Lermontov’s late period “The Caucasian” from the perspective of reflection of existential problematic of literature of the early XIX century therein. The research is conducted on the ideological and artistic arrangement of the text, which represents the socio-psychological aspects of human adaptation to life. The author underlines that Lermontov chose the Caucasian discourse for expressing the personal biographical experiences and creative ideas of his novel “A Hero of Our Time”, which coincide with the period the writer’s military service in the Caucasus and vacation in St. Petersburg in 1841. This essay generalizes the threads of personal life and fate, featuring all possible characters representing the theme: natural. Georgian, state Caucasians, among them are the unnamed heroes of the entire textual space of Lermontov’s mature prose (Maxim Maksimych, Grushnitsky, wandering literary artist, Grigory Alexandrovich Pechorin, as well as female images Bela, Undine, Cossack woman, Nastya). The essay finale is an emotional outcome of futile existence of a human. The author follows the life path of the composite character – the Russian Caucasian from the initial novella “Bela” to finale of the essay “The Caucasian”, which appears to be emotional outcome of vain existence of a human having no real substance.
Migration security within the system of global security: mechanisms, principles, actors
Authors: Matveev Aleksei Aleksandrovich
Published: April 2021

This article is dedicated to migration security, which is viewed within the paradigm of sustainable development and as part of the global security system. The author attempts to reveal the mechanisms and principles that define the effect of migration security upon the political and social stability of the countries in the period of migration crisis. The role actors in achieving sustainable development through the discourse of global security is determined. For solving the set tasks, the article employs comparative and systematic approaches. The key factors of the global security system are identified. An assessment is given to migration processes and their impact upon the goals of sustainable development. The author carries out the analysis of the current European migration policy. The relevance and novelty of this article are substantiated by the the philosophical discourse of migration security and synergy, encompassing the global social security system; whereas this question has been previously studied with focus on the legal, demographic, ethnic, or economic aspects. Analysis is also conducted on the the stage-by-stage mechanisms of migration security implemented by the political regimes of majority of the developed democratic countries. Description is given to the three-tier system of interaction of agents in implementation of migration security. The author examines the content and attitude towards migrants in the EU border countries, and the impact of structural violence in society within the “own/alien” discourse. An alternate solution for solving the dilemma of social tension and retaining  the “thread of governance” in the question of mobility of the citizens is offered. The analysis is given to the Global Compact for Migration, its capabilities, and shortcomings. The author also provides a philosophical understanding of migration security.
PENGARUH PAJAK, TUNNELING INCENTIVE, MEKANISME BONUS DAN PROFITABILITAS TERHADAP TRANSFER PRICING
Authors: Mineri Michelle Filantropy , Paramitha Melvie
Published: April 2021

Pajak merupakan salah satu sumber penerimaan terbesar bagi negara. Membayar pajak adalah kewajiban yang harus dilakukan baik oleh orang pribadi maupun badan. Perencanaan pajak merupakan cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk dapat mengurangi beban pajak yang dibayarkan, salah satunya yaitu melalui transfer pricing. Akan tetapi, hal tersebut dapat mengurangi pendapatan negara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Pajak, tunneling incentive, Mekanisme Bonus dan Profitabilitas Terhadap transfer pricing  pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2016 – 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder sebanyak 174 perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Pemilihan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling, sehingga ditemukan sampel penelitian sebanyak 25 perusahaan. Periode tahun yang digunakan oleh peneliti adalah dari tahun 2016 – 2019. Hasil dari penelitian menggunakan SmartPLS menunjukkan bahwa variabel tunneling incentive berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap transfer pricing  dan variabel profitabilitas berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap transfer pricing . Sedangkan variabel pajak dan mekanisme bonus tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap transfer pricing .
TINJAUAN PENERAPAN PAJAK PENGHASILAN PASAL 22 OLEH BENDAHARAWAN ATAS PENGADAAN BARANG PADA DINAS PENDIDIKAN KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: Khuzaimah Muhammad faris , Afifah Nurul , Den ka Veronika sari
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prosedur penerapan pajak penghasilan pasal 22 pada Dinas Pendidikan Kota Makassar berdasarkan peraturan perpajakan yang berlaku di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Deskriptif Kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data yang terdiri dari dokumentasi dan wawancara langsung dengan Bendahara Dinas Pendidikan Kota Makassar, Kepala Sub Bagian Perencanaan dan Pelaporan Dinas Pendidikan Kota Makassar dan Pegawai Badan Pengelolaan Keuangan dan Aset Daerah (BPKAD) Kota Makassar Bidang Akuntansi. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perhitungan dan penyetoran PPh Pasal 22 telah sesuai dengan ketentuan perpajakan yang berlaku yaitu tarif yang dikenakan sebesar 1,5% dari suatu dasar pengenaan pajak dan penyetoran dilakukan pada hari yang sama pada saat pelaksanaan pembayaran atas penyerahan barang. Namun Bendaharawan Dinas Pendidikan Kota Makassar tidak melaksanakan pelaporan dan menyampaikan SPT masa PPh Pasal 22 sesuai dengan Undang- Undang No. 36 tahun 2008 dan Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 34/PMK.010/2017 karena bagi bendahara pembayaran atas PPh Pasal 22 melalui sistem e-billing dinilai telah cukup dan tidak perlu lagi untuk melakukan pelaporan PPh Pasal 22.
GRAMMATICAL ERRORS IN LITERATURE AND PHILOSOPHY STUDENT ESSAYS AT PANCA MARGA UNIVERSITY, PROBOLINGGO
Authors: Masluha Siti
Published: April 2021

Abstract: This study is to analyze the subsconcious communicative competence using argumentative reading for post-beginner student in reading class. The theory used in this study is the communicative competence theory developed by Savignon and linguistic competence developed by Canale and Swain. The method used is classroom action research. The finding of this study is improving the subsconcious communicative competence using argumentative reading. The finding of this study are expected to have not only practical significance, but to a certain degree also theoritical significance.

Keywords: subconscious, communicative, argumentative reading
INTERPRETATION OF THE MIGRATION PHENOMENON IN MODERN MIGRATION STUDIES
Authors:   Russian Potato Research Center, ARSHIN K.V
Published: April 2021

Purpose: analysis of the most popular and most heuristic theories and concepts of migration that are in demand within the existing discourse of migrationology. Methods: Analysis, abstraction and categorization were chosen as the leading research methods. Results: based on the analysis of the theories and concepts of migration, the most popular popular theories of migration were considered, categorized, and the most heuristic approaches were identified. These include the migration-demographic approach, the demographic approach, the institutional-migration approach, the approach of interethnic and interethnic conflictology, the approach of migration regionalistics, the historical approach, and a number of others. It is proposed to use political and legal analysis as an approach to the study of migration. Scientific novelty: based on the analysis of approaches to the study of migration, the article proposes definitions of migration and migrant, and also shows the heuristicity of the political and legal approach to the study of migration. Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific activities when considering the issues of migrationology. In addition, they can be used in the development of regulatory legal documents in the field of migration, strategic planning documents, analysis and forecasting of migration processes both in general and in relation to individual countries.