bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) from Pha Tong cave, Northern Thailand with a description of two new species and taxonomical thoughts about Phlebotomus stantoni
Authors: Renaux Torres Marie-Charlotte , Pellot Coline , Somwang Puckavadee , Khositharattanakool Pathamet , Vongphayloth Khamsing , Randrianambinintsoa Fano José , Mathieu Bruno , Siriyasatien Padet , Gay Frédérick , Depaquit Jérôme
Published: September 2023

Background

In South-East Asia, Thailand is the country with the highest number of human autochthonous cases of leishmaniases mostly due to Leishmania martiniquensis. Their transmission remains unresolved to date even though sand flies are known vectors of leishmaniases. As such, we focused a study on the sand fly fauna of a cave in Thailand to explore the biodiversity of potential Leishmania vectors.

Main results

We carried out an inventory in Pha Tong cave. We caught and identified 570 Phlebotomine sand flies (452 females and 118 males) and identified 14 species belonging to the genera Phlebotomus, Idiophlebotomus, Chinius, Sergentomyia and Grassomyia. Among these 14 species, two could not be related to known sand fly species. Herein, we propose the description of two new sand fly species, previously unknown to science.

The first new species, Phlebotomus shadenae n. sp. is a sand fly of the subgenus Anaphlebotomus. It is morphologically close to Ph. stantoni, a species widely distributed throughout Southeast Asia. However, it differs by the length of the genital filaments in males or by the length of the ducts of the spermathecae in females as well as the high divergence of cytochrome b sequences. Additionally, we revised the systematics of the subgenus Anaphlebotomus and reinstated, by examination of its holotype, the validity of Ph. maynei, an Indian wrongly considered as a synonym of Ph. stantoni in the past.

The second new species, Sergentomyia maiae n. sp., differs from a species in the same group, Se. barraudi, by an original cibarial double row of vertical teeth as well as by molecular data.

Conclusions

We propose the description of two new sand fly species for Science with morphological and molecular evidence. Ph. shadenae n. sp. was also found to be distributed in the south of Thailand and in Laos. Future studies need to determine whether these two species can play a role as vectors of Leishmania parasites, Trypanosomatids or Phlebovirus. Most of the species caught in the present study are strictly cavernicolous except Grassomyia sp. and a few Sergentomyia.
Representation from India in multinational, interventional, phase 2 or 3 trials registered in Clinical Trials Registry-India: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Mendiratta Jaishree , Vaswani Ravi N. , Saberwal Gayatri
Published: September 2023

In multinational trials that have run in India, we wished to determine whether there was too much (60% or higher) recruitment from India. We downloaded all trial records from Clinical Trials Registry-India, CTRI, and stored them in a local SQLite database. We queried records registered in a recent 8-year period, ie 2013–2020 and evaluated the fraction of local participants in interventional Phase 2 or Phase 3 studies. 62 trials were completed, with completion dates available. Five trials (8%) had 60% or more planned recruitment from India. Four of the five (7% of 62) had a foreign sponsor, and therefore there was an unfair burden-benefit ratio on the Indian population. Seven trials (11%), of which six (10% of 62) had foreign sponsors, had 60% or more (of the total) actual recruitment from India, and for two trials (both with foreign sponsors), the data were meaningless. There were 362 studies that were listed as not completed, although, given their start date and estimated duration, some of them ought to have been. Twenty five cases (7% of 362) had 60% or more planned recruitment from India. Of these, 18 (5% of 362) had foreign sponsors and were potentially problematic. Even allowing for some delays in completion, 128 (35% of 362) studies ought to have been completed by the time of our study. As such, we identified several problematic trials for which the planned recruitment from India in multinational studies was 60% or more. We also identified trials in which the actual recruitment was significantly higher than the planned recruitment. Further, the records of several studies that were probably completed were not updated in CTRI in a timely manner. The Indian drug regulator needs to be particularly alert to the planned, or actual, over-recruitment of participants from India. Further, CTRI, alone or in collaboration with the regulator, needs to ensure that multinational trial records for the enrollment fields in particular are updated, in a timely manner.
As above, so below: Deposition, modification, and reutilization of human remains at Marmoles cave (Cueva de los Marmoles: Southern Spain, 4000–1000 cal. BCE)
Authors: Laffranchi Zita , Milella Marco , Vera Rodríguez Juan Carlos , Martínez Fernández María José , Bretones García María Dolores , Jiménez Brobeil Sylvia Alejandra , Brünig Julia , López Flores Inmaculada , Cámara Serrano Juan Antonio , Martínez Sánchez Rafael M.
Published: September 2023

The deposition and manipulation of human remains in natural caves are well known for the Neolithic of Southern Iberia. The cultural meaning of these practices is however still largely unclear. Cueva de los Marmoles (CM, Priego-Córdoba) is one of the most important cave contexts from Southern Spain, which returned a large number of commingled skeletal remains suggesting its funerary use from the Neolithic to the Late Bronze Age. Here we discuss CM from a chronological and cultural perspective based on new radiocarbon, anthropological, and taphonomic analyses. These include the estimation of the minimum number of individuals, the exploration of fragmentation patterns characterizing different skeletal regions, and the macroscopic and microscopic analysis of modifications to the remains of possible anthropic origin. Radiocarbon data point to a funerary use of CM between the 5th -2nd millennium cal. BCE. MNI estimates reveal the presence of at least 12 individuals (seven adults and five nonadults). The low representation of elements from hands and feet suggests that individuals were placed in the cave while partially decomposed. Anthropic traces on the remains (e.g. fresh fractures, marrow canal modifications, and scraping marks) hint at their intentional fragmentation, cleaning from residual soft tissues, and in some cases reutilization. These practices are well-exemplified by the recovery of one "skull cup" and of two long bones used as tools. These data align with those from other cave contexts from the same geographic region, suggesting the presence, especially during the Neolithic period, of shared ideologies centered on the human body.
A New Generating Function for Hermite Polynomials
Authors: Amiri Manouchehr
Published: September 2023

This paper presents a new generating function for Hermite polynomials of one variable in theform of\(g(x,t)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty }t^{n}H^{e}_{n}(x)\)and reveals its connection with incomplete gamma function.
Towards a Regional System of State Universities and Colleges in Zamboanga Peninsula, Philippines
Authors: Moreno Frede , Sulasula Josephine
Published: September 2023

This academic research, conducted under the auspices of the American Society for Public Administration (ASPA) standards, investigates the viability and potential advantages of establishing a regional system of state universities and colleges (SUCs) in the Zamboanga Peninsula (ZamPen), Philippines. The research analyzes enrollment figures, budget allocations, and academic performance indicators. The study uncovers compelling evidence supporting the implementation of a regional system of SUCs in ZamPen. Analysis of the higher education landscape reveals significant challenges faced by individual SUCs in terms of limited resources, constrained faculty expertise, and uneven student performance. By adopting a collaborative approach and facilitating resource sharing among SUCs, a regional system can substantially address these issues. Findings indicate that a regional system of SUCs in ZamPen would lead to enhanced operational efficiency, improved academic quality, and increased access to higher education for the region's diverse student population. Collaboration among SUCs would enable the pooling of faculty expertise, research facilities, and student services, resulting in substantial cost savings and improved educational outcomes. Furthermore, the research demonstrates the potential of regional SUCs to attract external funding and forge partnerships, thereby fostering regional economic development and driving innovation.
A Differential Datalog Interpreter
Authors: Stephenson Matthew James
Published: September 2023

The core reasoning task for datalog engines is materialization, the evaluation of a datalog program over a database alongside its physical incorporation into the database itself. The de-facto method of computing it, is through the recursive application of inference rules. Due to it being a costly operation, it is a must for datalog engines to provide incremental materialization, that is, to adjust the computation to new data, instead of restarting from scratch. One of the major caveats, is that deleting data is notoriously more involved than adding, since one has to take into account all possible data that has been entailed from what is being deleted. Differential Dataflow is a computational model that provides efficient incremental maintenance, notoriously with equal performance between additions and deletions, and work distribution, of iterative dataflows. In this paper we investigate the performance of materialization with three reference datalog implementations, out of which one is built on top of a lightweight relational engine, and the two others are differential-dataflow and non-differential versions of the same rewrite algorithm, with the same optimizations.
IMPACT OF ROBOTIC EQUIPMENT ON THE MANUAL LABORERS IN THE FABRICATION JOBS
Authors: Princess Nicole PALMA,
Published: September 2023

Robotics and other technological advancements are emerging as trends that significantly impact numerous aspects of a person's way of life, particularly in the manufacturing sectors. Industry 4.0 is unlike any other industry generation before it since the technology is more sophisticated and complex and more convenient and practical. It is undeniable that it is possible to replace robots with low-skilled or manual laborers for more efficiency and less cost for the industry with the aim of Industry 4.0, enabling humanity to acquire new heights in the advancement of technology, including A.I., Robots, etc. Additionally, due to the complexity of the task, one must become more knowledgeable in their profession to keep up with the expanding market. In this study, the researcher assesses and compares a few studies that show the effects of robots on the production of manual laborers and the standards, skills, and talents required for involvement in the expanding industry. The results demonstrate the impact of autonomous robots in manufacturing in Industry 4.0, particularly in relation to low-skilled or manual laborers and manual jobs, and the availability of work based on regulations and skill sets that an individual must learn, which may indicate new information that will help and contribute the future industry to be more strategic in the different holes, especially in the deployment of jobs as the technology advance further to the future.
The Influence of Perceived Spiciness on Actual Taste Experience: An Experimental Study
Authors: Cheok Adrian David
Published: September 2023

This study investigates the influence of information on the perception of spiciness. We conducted an experiment with 10 subjects, each of whom was given food with a spiciness level ranging from 1 to 10. The subjects were informed about the spiciness level of the food, but the information given was randomly varied to be higher or lower than the actual spiciness level. The subjects' perceived spiciness level was then measured. Our results show a significant influence of information on the perception of spiciness. On average, the perceived spiciness level was found to be about 22\% different from the actual spiciness level, with a range from 12\% to 40\%. This effect was observed for all subjects and across all spiciness levels. These findings have implications for understanding the psychological factors that influence the perception of sensory experiences.
Model Order Reduction with Dynamically Transformed Modes for Electrophysiological Simulations
Authors: Hornischer Niklas
Published: September 2023

The numerical simulation of neuromuscular processes in skeletal muscles typically imposes high computational costs, resulting in the need for techniques to reduce these costs. One submodel in these types of multiphysics multiscale simulations is the electrophysiological model, describing the propagation of an action potential (AP) in a muscle fiber. Involved in the simulation of the propagation are two traveling waves, resulting in difficulties for classical model order reduction (MOR) techniques based on linear subspaces.

Instead, we apply the nonlinear MOR method shifted Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (sPOD) to construct dynamically transformed reduced basis functions depending on time-dependent paths spanning the adaptive reduced ansatz space.

Our numerical experiments demonstrate that the constructed reduced ansatz space can accurately capture the dynamics of two fully separated wavefronts and reduce the degrees of freedom of the whole simulation. However, it cannot represent the activation of the AP in the center of the fiber and overlapping wave parts. The constructed reduced order model outperforms the high-dimensional full order model in terms of the computational costs while the accuracy is maintained and reaches speedup factors between 2 and 73 depending on the time discretization.
Convergencias conceptuales de la formación inicial, didáctica de las lenguas y prácticas pedagógicas en el área de lenguas extranjeras
Authors: Alzate Alzate Natalia Andrea , Jaramillo Cataño Diana Marcela , Londoño Vásquez David Alberto
Published: September 2023

Este artículo de revisión centra su atención en las apuestas conceptuales que se han venido instaurando en las publicaciones académicas en Latinoamérica respecto a la formación inicial, la didáctica de la lengua y las practicas pedagógicas en el área de las lenguas extranjeras, apuntando a la identificación de las posibles convergencias materializadas entre los textos frente a estas tres categorías conceptuales. Para ello, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica cualitativa y un análisis hermenéutico comprensivo, de tipo descriptivo. El corpus se consolido con publicaciones tipo de informe de investigación entre 2016 y 2020 en Eric, Science Direct y Scopus. La sistematización y el análisis del corpus se realizó? a través de una matriz previamente validada. La convergencia identificada se localizó en tensiones entre la teoría y la práctica, como resultado de intereses investigativos iniciales y en construcción que apuntan a las subjetividades de los participantes y sus prácticas en el aula.
Relación entre bullying, ciberbullying y autoestima: prevalencia y factores asociados en adolescentes de Colombia
Authors: Alvarez Quiroz Glenis Bibiana , Guerrero Martelo Manuel Francisco , Algarín Alcalá Sandra Patricia , Zamudio González Rosa Daisy , Sánchez Márquez Nery Isabel
Published: September 2023

El objetivo del estudio es analizar la relación entre el bullying el ciber bullying y la autoestima en adolescentes de tres ciudades de Colombia: Montería, Villavicencio y Barrancabermeja. El estudio es cuantitativo, descriptivo-correlacionar. Se evaluaron 460 estudiantes mediante la prueba Ciberbullying: Screening de acoso entre iguales y la prueba de autoestima de Rosenberg. Los resultados muestran que los adolescentes de las tres ciudades cuando presentan una autoestima normal no presentan problemas de ciber victimización, y cuando tienen baja autoestima suelen estar en problemas de ciber victimización y cuando presentan una autoestima media tienden a estar en riesgo de ciber victimización. Entre las conclusiones tenemos que el 31,08 % de los adolescentes están en los niveles de problema y riesgo de observación de bullying y ciberbullying. El acoso cibernético en sitios de redes sociales (por ejemplo, Instagram Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp, mensajería instantánea) va más allá? de los límites del tiempo y el espacio. Los estudios han demostrado que la participación de los adolescentes con violencia se debe a varios factores, incluida la adolescencia misma, el abuso de sustancias, los conflictos familiares y la violencia, la exposición a la violencia y las situaciones de violencia o conflicto matrimonial, que pueden inducir conductas violentas adolescentes. Se confirma la relación ya conocida entre el bullying, ci- berbullying y la autoestima; por ello, se sugiere que los programas de intervención que se dirigen a la victimización por acoso tengan en cuenta características de autoestima, tanto de la víctima como del victimario.
Оценивание множеств решений линейных систем обыкновенных дифференциальных уравнений с возмущениями на основе оператора Коши
Authors: Рогалев Александр Алексеевич , Rogalev Aleksander A.
Published: September 2023

Излагается метод численного анализа множеств решений линейных систем обыкновенных дифференциальных уравнений, содержащих возмущения в правой части. Метод определяет экстремальные значения решений, которые составляют множества решений по осям координат или в заданном направлении. Получены оценки на основе использования оператора Коши, записанного символьными формулами вариации произвольных постоянных. Дополнительно реализован контроль отклонения решений при расчете пучка траекторий. Приведены примеры оценивания множеств достижимости систем при воздействии управляющих воздействий и возмущений.
Подавление пилообразных осцилляций при использовании разностной схемы для моделирования массопереноса
в высыхающей на подложке капле в приближении тонкого слоя
Authors: Колегов Константин Сергеевич , Kolegov Konstantin Sergeevich
Published: September 2023

Испаряющиеся капли и пленки используются в приложениях из разных областей. Особый интерес представляют различные методы испарительной самосборки. В работе описана математическая модель массопереноса в высыхающей на подложке капле на базе приближения тонкого слоя. Модель учитывает перенос растворенного или взвешенного вещества капиллярным потоком, диффузию этого вещества, испарение жидкости, формирование твердого осадка, зависимость вязкости и плотности потока пара от концентрации примеси.
Рассматривается случай, когда трехфазная граница «жидкость--подложка--воздух» закреплена. Для уравнений модели разработаны явные и неявные разностные схемы. Предложена модификация численного метода, в которой комбинируется расщепление по физическим процессам, итерационный метод явной релаксации и метод прогонки. Описан практический рецепт подавления пилообразных осцилляций на примере конкретной задачи.
Разработан программный модуль на языке С++, который в дальнейшем можно использовать для задач испарительной литографии. С помощью этого модуля проведены численные расчеты, результаты которых сравнивались с результатами, полученными в пакете Maple.
Численное моделирование предсказало случай, когда направление капиллярного потока с течением времени меняется на противоположное из-за изменения знака градиента плотности потока пара. Это может приводить к замедлению выноса вещества на периферию, что в результате будет способствовать формированию более или менее равномерного осадка по всей площади контакта капли с подложкой. Данное наблюдение полезно для совершенствования методов подавления кольцевых осадков, связанных с эффектом кофейных колец и нежелательных для некоторых приложений, как, например, струйная печать или нанесение покрытий.
Метод равномерной оптимизации нелинейных управляемых систем с распределенными параметрами
Authors: Рапопорт Эдгар Яковлевич , Rapoport Edgar Yakovlevich
Published: September 2023

Задача оптимизации нелинейной управляемой системы с распределенными параметрами в условиях равномерной оценки целевых множеств сводится к управлению линейной моделью объекта с дополнительным априори неизвестным пространственно-временным возмущением, компенсирующим влияние невязки между линейным и нелинейным дифференциальными операторами соответствующих начально-краевых задач, описываемых уравнениями в частных производных параболического типа. Конкретная форма зависимости возмущения от его аргументов опознается при заданном начальном приближении на каждом шаге предлагаемой сходящейся итерационной процедуры по результатам решения на предыдущей итерации разработанным ранее альтернансным методом линейно-квадратичной задачи программного оптимального управления с детерминированным внешним воздействием в условиях промежуточного вычисления управляемой функции состояния нелинейного объекта на цифровой модели.
Показывается, что искомые уравнения оптимальных регуляторов находятся по известным результатам итерационного процесса отыскания программного управления в виде линейных алгоритмов обратной связи по измеряемому состоянию объекта с нестационарными коэффициентами передачи.
Условия существования и единственности решения задачи Гурса для системы уравнений с доминирующими частными производными
Authors: Созонтова Елена Александровна , Sozontova Elena Aleksandrovna
Published: September 2023

Изучается $n$-мерная система уравнений с доминирующими частными производными $n$-го порядка. Признаком, отличающим рассматриваемую систему от других систем с частными производными, является наличие первого слагаемого в уравнениях правой части системы, представляющего собой доминирующую производную, при этом все остальные входящие в уравнения системы производные получаются из нее отбрасыванием по крайней мере одного дифференцирования по какой-либо из независимых переменных. Целью исследования является отыскание условий однозначной разрешимости задачи Гурса для рассматриваемой системы. Основная задача редуцируется к системе интегральных уравнений, решение которой существует и единственно при выполнении требований непрерывности ядер и правых частей этой системы в соответствующих замкнутых параллелепипедах изменения своих переменных. Получены условия, при которых основная задача однозначно разрешима. Окончательный результат в терминах коэффициентов исходной системы формулируется в виде теоремы.
Education and the challenges for democracy
Authors: Reimers Fernando M.
Published: September 2023

This introductory essay for the special issue, “Education and the Challenges for Democracy,” proposes challenges to democracy call for a reexamination of the relationship of democracy to democratic education. The essay describes the challenges to democracy, how those challenges impact democratic education and how education can address those challenges, followed by a summary of six peer reviewed papers that examine the relationship of education to democracy in Japan, Singapore, South Africa and the United States. The essay concludes with a discussion of the significance of these papers to understand the dialectical relationship between education and democracy, and their implications for research, policy and practice.
Jadwiga Zamoyska — from religious education to secular holiness
Authors: Zagórska Katarzyna
Published: September 2023

The article presents Jadwiga Zamoyska, patron of the Year 2023, an outstanding Polish woman at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. She pursued the concept of striving for religious perfection thanks to her patriotic and social commitment, the establishment of a school for girls and the Zakłady Kórnickie Foundation. The spiritual biography of Mrs General was presented, confronting it with lectures On education. The publication was subject to content and language analysis. Throughout her life, the Servant of God Jadwiga Zamoyska consistently sought secular formation and a secular path to holiness, creating such opportunities for her relatives and charges.
Woman as the call of being according to Eastern theology and the example of Jadwiga Zamoyska
Authors: Moskałyk Jarosław
Published: September 2023

Man understood as the image of God has an inalienable right and the ability to express his identity as a woman or as a man. This proves the ontological equality of a man and a woman, equally called to overcome the limitations of individual nature. The modern movements of women’s liberation efforts in the pursuit of freedom often lose sight of the basic sense of humanity. The result is sometimes their highly confrontational style of struggle for their own separateness and autonomy, leading to the achievement of an exclusive position and total opposition to the male form of leadership in community life. This seems absolutely strange to Jadwiga Zamoyska’s attitude. Meanwhile, today a woman, like a man, needs to rediscover the lost aspects of Christianity in herself, which would allow her to constantly remain in harmony with herself.
The value of work in the spiritual life of a woman according to Jadwiga Zamoyska and Maria Karłowska
Authors: Suwiński Stanisław
Published: September 2023

The awareness that through work a woman participates in the work of creation is the deepest impulse to take up work in various sectors. Today we know that the role of work in women’s lives is huge and determines their place in society. Work is also a woman’s continuous personal development. Thanks to it, she acquires new skills, improves her competences and learns new things. Culture also plays an important role in the perception of work. Hence the need to promote the humanization of work, which was fought for at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, thus contributing to the development of humanity. The development taking place through work allows a woman to achieve a moral personality, which is a multiplication of her natural abilities for moral evaluation of a human being. The article indicates the need to combine work with the spiritual life of a woman, so that work leads her not only to improve things (products of work), but also to improve her internally as a person, therefore the moral and spiritual dimension of human work should be constantly restored (work as a spiritual and moral value). This current issue has been shown on the basis of the educational works of two women from Greater Poland — Jadwiga Zamoyska and Maria Karłowska — who lived at the turn of the last two centuries.
Wokół badań nad „Commentariolum Petitionis”
Authors: Appel Hanna
Published: September 2023

Doubts concerning the authorship of the work contemporarily entitled Commentariolum Petitionis were raised even in the late nineteenth century. Both those researchers who regarded Quintus (Cicero’s brother) as the author and those who questioned his authorship found their supporters. In this context, Michael Alexander stands out, arguing in his publications that the intention behind the pamphlet was to provide a distanced or even warped image of late-Republican electioneering. The debate continues, and the importance of the present-day interpretation must be emphasised. Even if perhaps satisfactory for those who attribute the authorship to Marcus Cicero, recent computerassisted stylometric studies in fact fail to provide a conclusive answer as to who the author of the Commentariolum Petitionis actually was. Stylometric evidence may even be quoted to prove that it might have been written by someone skilful enough to imitate the eminent orator’s style.
Norwidowskie interpretacje chrześcijańskiego Seneki
Authors: Karamucka-Marcinkiewicz Magdalena
Published: September 2023

Connections with Christianity are one of the aspects of reflections on the life and work of Seneca the Younger in subsequent centuries. This issue is also revealed in the writings of Cyprian Norwid, a Polish 19th-century writer, artist and thinker. In point of fact, Norwid skipped other aspects related to Seneca. The themes he did touch on are connected with his historiosophical reflections and the problem of the relationship between Roma pagana and Roma Christiana, which was of particular interest to him. In the preserved writings of Norwid, however, references to Seneca are relatively rare, which was actually quite typical in the 19th century, but may also be related to a certain ambiguity in Seneca’s attitude as the tutor of Emperor Nero and a figure who enjoyed a high position in Rome for a long time or Norwid’s conviction that most of Seneca’s thought close to Christianity should simply be explained by the Roman writer’s stoicism. However, this is only a hypothesis. It is also possible that Norwid more often referred to Seneca the Younger than he literally noted it. Norwid referred, among other things, to the issue of alleged relations between Seneca and St. Paul and the apocryphal correspondence between them. He also referred to Seneca’s importance for the Church Fathers. Furthermore, he drew attention to some similarities between Seneca and Socrates in terms of their martyr deaths and to certain thoughts expressed by Seneca, in which one can perceive the idea of one God. Some of Norwid’s references to Seneca analysed  here were inspired by such works devoted to Seneca’s Christianity as the article by Gaston Boissier, which was published in 1871 in the “Revue des Deux Mondes”. It is not exactly clear how well Norwid knew the work of Seneca, and to what extent he relied on the aforementioned studies. Undoubtedly, however, the references to Seneca, which he included in his writings, were carefully selected and were related to Norwid’s vision of history and his deliberations on the essence of truth, and thus they were not only a testimony of Norwid’s reading, but also of Norwid’s personal reflections.
„Quae tibi quaerebam (…) dona Tomitanus mittere posset ager” – o pewnym podarunku znad Pontu (Wokół „Ex Ponto” III 8)
Authors: Puk Marlena
Published: September 2023

Among the topics discussed by Ovid in Tristia and Epistulae ex Ponto, there is also the topic of gifts. The poet plays the role of both the recipient and the person who can give something to his addressees. In the vast majority of cases, the gifts mentioned are not specific objects, but have an intangible value: the poet perceives the life left to him in terms of a gift, as well as the memory and consolation shown to him by his relatives. He himself wishes to repay the favours received and promises his correspondents eternal fame by including their names in his songs. The Ex Ponto III 8 elegy is unique in this topic. First, Naso notifies the addressee about a material gift sent to him, and secondly, the very gift he decided to offer to his friend is remarkable: a quiver filled with poisoned arrows. Such a gift also played a double role: on the one hand, it reflected the conditions in which the poet found himself, it was, according to his message, the only thing that could be found in Tomis and sent to Rome; on the other hand, it was to serve the recipient to defend himself against his personal enemies. The source texts testify that the arrows dipped in a specific poison were used by the Scythians. The frequency and nature of the mention of this doubly dangerous weapon in both collections of Ovid’s exile poetry, and finally the decision to make it the only material gift sent to the capital, prompted the author of this text to propose a thesis about Ovid’s peculiar fascination with Scythian poisoned arrows.
Ekwiwalencja funkcjonalna, czyli o przekładzie Plautyńskiej parabazy („Curc.” 462–486)
Authors: Skwara Ewa
Published: September 2023

Dynamic equivalence is eagerly used by translators in works strongly rooted in the realities of the original culture of a text or saturated with various kinds of wordplay, especially if the text was created with the intention of performing it on stage. An interesting example of the use of functional equivalence and the consequences of such use is Choragus’ monologue, sometimes called parabasis, opening Act IV of Plautus’ comedy Curculio (v. 462–486). Choragus’ performance is primarily a catalogue of places in Rome, where specific types of people (swindlers, perjurers, pimps) like to gather. The topography mentioned in the monologue has a humorous overtone, which is largely due to the fact that Plautus’ audience knew these places mentioned on the stage and accepted their implicit associations as true. Therefore, to achieve a comparable effect in translation, it is best to use dynamic equivalence. The article discusses two variants of dynamic equivalence and their consequences. The first example assumes that the comedy will be staged in Poznań and the translation changes the topography of Rome to the topography of this Polish city. The disadvantage of this type of translation is that its reception is limited to an audience familiar with the topography of Poznań. Otherwise, this Plautine parabasis would have to be translated anew for each performance, taking into account the place of staging and the recipients of the translation. The second example extends the topography to the whole of Poland, but the application of affective equivalence (which evokes similar feelings to those evoked by the original) would require an accurate reading of the tastes of the audience and adjusting the appropriate topography to them, which seems almost impossible. The use of dynamic equivalence in the translation of the scene in question would therefore have to be verified with each performance, which discourages translators and encourages the use of formal equivalence.
Problem nieśmiałych młodzieńców, czyli ‘vitiosa verecundia’
Authors: Sowa Joanna
Published: September 2023

Both Greeks and Romans considered shame an important instrument of moral education. However, while respect for elders and superiors was a desirable trait of young people, it could also turn sometimes into a serious character flaw – excessive compliance with all who made any demands, even the wrong ones. Therefore, shyness was often considered ‘a disease of the soul’ as a feeling that made one feel ashamed to do the right thing. In the article, the concept of vitiosa verecundia is presented on the basis of texts by Seneca, Aristotle, Quintilian, Livy and, above all, Plutarch’s treatise De falso pudore.
„Tecum per Romam ambulabamus”. Lekcje łaciny w esejach Micińskiego, Herberta, Krawczuka i Axera
Authors: Szczot Monika
Published: September 2023

The article has a complex structure. It begins with a brief overview of the teaching of Latin and its role in education. The main part of the article consists of analyses of essays containing descriptions of Latin lessons. The authors of the essays describe teachers and students, contrast past and present, talk about personal experiences, and show the role of Latin in contemporary culture. Latin not only described antiquity and the achievements of classical culture, but also formed the Polish language through its centuries–long presence in teaching systems. Krawczuk and Axer suggest that Latin improved morally, developed cognitively, and helped to better understand ancient literature and culture. Miciński and Herbert find in Latin lessons a moral signpost, humanism and a remedy for the totalitarianisms of the 20th century.
Afranius de sexagenariis de ponte deiciendis
Authors: Szymański Mikołaj
Published: September 2023

An attempt to reconstruct the wording of Afran. Repudiatus fr. 8 Ribbeck and to establish its function in the comedy.
Z Tracji do Grecji. Sabeth z powieści Maxa Frischa i jej związek z Wergiliuszową Eurydyką
Authors: Arndt Aleksandra
Published: September 2023

The article presents the possible influence of Virgil’s epyllion in his Georgics on the shaping of Sabeth, one of the heroines of Max Frisch’s novel Homo Faber.
Klasyczno-nieklasyczny dramat Kaspra Brüloviusa o Juliuszu Cezarze
Authors: Bogumił Izabela
Published: September 2023

The article deals with the structure of the Latin tragedy Julius Caesar by Caspar Brülovius, a Pomeranian playwright associated with the Academy in Strasbourg. The text was published in 1616, has as many as 2580 verses and shows historical events that took place over the years: from 46 B.C., when Caesar triumphed, to 30 B.C., when the naval battle of Actium ended. One can get the impression that Brülovius carefully planned the original construction of his work: Acts II and III constitute the actual tragedy about Caesar, probably the closest to ancient plays, with a homogeneous, compact action and one main character. This part of the drama could exist on its own (without the other acts). Act I presents Caesar’s achievements (the conquest of Gaul) and is primarily aimed at educating Strasbourg students. The remaining acts (IV, V) not only pursue didactic goals, but also satisfy the tastes of the audience of the time, who probably liked the strings of death and horrors shown directly on the stage and the interweaving of comic elements with real tragedy. As a whole, Brülovius’ work is a non-classical drama, but Acts II and III, considered as a separate whole, constitute a classical drama.
Sound stimulation using the individual's heart rate to improve the stability and homeostasis of the autonomic nervous system
Authors: Kim Daechang , Kim Nahyeon , Lee Younju , Kim Sungmin , Kwon Jiyean
Published: September 2023

Objectives

In this study, we explain the role of enhancing the stability and homeostasis of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) by proposing the average heart rate sound resonance (aHRSR), a sound stimulation to prevent imbalance of ANS due to dynamic movement. The effect of aHRSR on ANS was analyzed through the time and frequency domain of heart rate variability (HRV) using the photoplethysmogram data (PPG) of 22 participants (DUIRB‐202109‐12).

Method

When the subjects performed dynamic movements that could cause changes in the ANS, HRV indicators using PPG data for 5 min before and after the movements were analyzed according to the presence or absence of aHRSR. The standard deviation of the NN intervals (SDNN), the square root of the mean squared differences of the NN intervals (RMSSD), low‐frequency band (LF), and high‐frequency band (HF), which represent sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve activity, were used as indicators, where SNDD and LF represent total ANS and sympathetic activity, while RMSSD and HF represent parasympathetic activity.

Results

As the effects of aHRSR on dynamic movement, the recovery time of RR interval was advanced by about 15 s, SDNN increased from ([44.16 ± 13.11] to [47.85 ± 15.16]) ms, and RMSSD increased from ([23.73 ± 9.95] to [31.89 ± 12.48]) ms (p < 0.05), increasing the stability of the ANS and reducing instability. The effect of homeostasis of the ANS according to aHRSR is also shown in reducing the change rate of LF from (−13.83 to −8.83) %, and the rate of change of HF from (10.59 to 3.27) %.

Conclusions

These results suggest that aHRSR can affect the cardiovascular system by assisting physiological movements that occur during dynamic movement.
The co-expression pattern of VEGFR-2 with indicators related to proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation of anagen hair follicles
Authors: Dai Ru , Xu Qunye , Shao Zheren , Wu Xianjie
Published: September 2023

An increasing number of studies show that vascular endothelial growth factor is an important regulator of hair growth, and involves in processes of hair follicle development by vascularization. Recently, VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) has been detected in epithelial cells of hair follicles, indicating that it may have a direct role in the biological activity of hair follicles. To explore how VEGFR-2 regulates hair follicle development, we investigated the co-expression pattern of VEGFR-2 with β-catenin, Bax, Bcl-2, involucrin, AE13 (hair cortex cytokeratin), keratin 16, keratin 14, and Laminin 5 by immunofluorescence double staining in anagen hair follicles of normal human scalp skin. The results of double staining immunofluorescence showed a strong overlapping and similar expression pattern for VEGFR-2 with β-catenin and Bcl-2, and revealing associated expression pattern with involucrin, AE13, keratin 14, keratin 16, and Laminin 5. These results elucidated that VEGFR-2 activation may participate in hair follicle differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis in vivo.
Systemic Rivalry of China and the West in Climate Policy
Authors: Wolff Guntram
Published: September 2023

This article outlines how the systemic rivalry between the West and China is preventing effective collaboration in the fight against climate change. Three approaches are suggested that can help the West achieve tangible action in the sphere of climate policy. First, the West must build up pressure points such as CBAM or even tariffs to incentivise greater climate protection measures. Second, climate partnerships with more substantial financial resources will incentivise developing countries to accelerate decarbonisation and not just follow the Chinese model. Third, climate action in the US and EU must be well calibrated.
Die Bedeutung von Kipppunkten für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung
Authors: Bretschger Lucas , Leuthard Matthias
Published: September 2023

Die Lösung der großen Nachhaltigkeitsprobleme wie Klimawandel und Verlust der Biodiversität bedarf der Überwindung eines grundlegenden Dilemmas: Einerseits sollten zentrale Entscheidungen zur Neuausrichtung von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft rasch und durchgreifend sein, andererseits orientieren sich Entscheidungsträger stark an gewachsenen Strukturen, die große Trägheit mit sich bringen. Anspruch und Wirklichkeit liegen in der Nachhaltigkeitspolitik oft noch weit auseinander. Beim Schließen dieser Lücke können Kipppunkte eine entscheidende Rolle spielen. Sie treten in ganz unterschiedlichen Bereichen wie Technologie und Politik auf. Der Begriff beschreibt generell eine nichtlineare Entwicklung, bei der nach dem Überschreiten einer gewissen Schwelle eine selbsttragende Beschleunigung eintritt. Die zielgerichtete Förderung des Überschreitens wichtiger Schwellen kann damit zu einer erfolgreichen Strategie für die Nachhaltigkeitspolitik werden. Damit die wichtigen nichtlinearen Entwicklungsprozesse besser gesteuert werden können, sind spezielle institutionelle Vorkehrungen anzustreben. In diesem Beitrag analysieren Lucas Bretschger und Matthias Leuthard die Bedeutung von Kipppunkten und entwickeln einen integrativen formalen Ansatz zu den verschiedenen Kippdynamiken. Sie erläutern die Eigenschaften von Kippdynamiken in Natur, Technologie, Politik und Gesellschaft, und sie vertiefen dies anhand zweier Fallbeispiele. In einem letzten Abschnitt diskutieren sie Folgerungen für die Gestaltung der Politik beim Vorliegen von Kipppunkten.
Gourmet and the Ghetto
Authors: Wyer Sean
Published: September 2023

In the twenty-first century, Rome’s former Jewish Ghetto has experienced rapid “foodification,” in which food businesses come to dominate a previously residential or mixed-use neighborhood. Why and how has foodification taken place in Rome’s former Ghetto, and how unique is this case? What can this example teach us about foodification as a phenomenon? Foodification is influenced by broader forces, including gentrification, but is also affected by factors particular to this neighborhood. These include Jewish heritage tourism; religious dietary laws; and a growing curiosity about hyper-local food, such as cucina ebraico-romanesca (Jewish-Roman cuisine), and about dishes outside the Italian canon. Jewish-style and kosher restaurants have developed to stimulate and satisfy multiple demands, serving “traditional” Jewish-Roman dishes; Middle-Eastern and North African dishes; new interpretations of popular Italian dishes; and kosher versions of international foods popular in Italy, like hamburgers and sushi rolls. Contrary to the idea that this diversity threatens the Jewish-Roman tradition, I argue that the neighborhood’s foodscape reflects the variety of communities and tastes in contemporary Rome, where local specialties persist alongside a wide range of other options. This article argues that although foodification is often connected to gentrification and tourism, it should be distinguished from these phenomena. By asking how the former Ghetto’s new restaurants communicate heritage and identity, I demonstrate that foodification can take place in ways that are specific to a particular neighborhood, and that the food has become one of the major means by which the former Ghetto’s past and present character is articulated in Rome.
Funny Hand Puppet Story Telling Solusi Peningkatan Mitigasi Bencana Pesisir Pantai
Authors: Ginanjar Asep , Nisa Aisyah Nur Sayidatun , Wiranto Aan Probo
Published: September 2023

Perkembangan Kota Semarang sebagai wilayah Industri dan Ibukota Provinsi, menyebabkan kebutuhan akan lahan guna membangun kawasan industri dan pemukiman semakin tinggi. Kota Semarang merupakan daerah dengan pengembangan industri dan pembangunan di wilayah pesisir masih terjadi hingga saat ini. Salah satu wilayah pesisir di Kota Semarang dengan konversi hutan mangrove dengan pemukiman dan tambak adalah Kelurahan Tugurejo khususnya di Dukuh Tapak. Perubahan penggunaan lahan diperparah dengan tercemarnya perairan serta hutan mangrove oleh logam berat akibat aktivitas industri dan masyarakat. Hal ini terjadi karena 1). Minimnya edukasi untuk remaja mengenai mitigasi bencana daerah pesisir, 2) Kurangnya partisipasi remaja dalam menjaga kelestarian hutan mangrove, 3) Kurangnya literasi digital tentang konservasi hutan mangrove. Kondisi tersebut menggerakkan tim pengabdi untuk ikut mengatasi permasalahan yang terjadi melalui kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat dengan menggunakan metode yang diadaptasi dari Vincent II yaitu Praktek Pengembangan Masyarakat (Community Development Practice).  Solusi yang tim pengabdi tawarkan yaitu penggunaan media Funny Puppet Hand dengan metode Story Telling untuk menanamkan serta meningkatkan partisipasi remaja dalam mitigasi bencana pesisir. Penggunaan media Funny Puppet Hand-Story Telling untuk menambahkan unsur hiburan dalam edukasi sehingga remaja akan lebih antusias dalam mengikuti kegiatan. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian ini yaitu menumbuhkan pemahaman dan kesadaran generasi muda mengenai mitigasi bencana pesisir dan konservasi hutan mangrove yang nantinya terbentuk sikap tanggap bencana dan peduli lingkungan yang akan dibawa sampai mereka dewasa Program kegiatan pengabdian ini terdiri dari penggunaan media Funny Puppet Hand dengan metode Story Telling dalam menanamkan mitigasi bencana pesisir, edukasi penanaman bibit hutan mangrove, serta membuat video edukasi mengenai konservasi hutan mangrove.