bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SUPPORT OF COMMUNITY LEADERS AND FAMILY SUPPORT WITH THE INTEREST OF ADOLESCENTS IN PARTICIPATING POSBINDU PTM IN PURO VILLAGE PUSKESMAS KARANGMALANG SRAGEN
Authors: Suparno Alifia Ayu Romadhona , Anisa Catur Wijayanti
Published: July 2024

Abstrak
Latar Belakang: penyakit tidak menular merupakan penyebab utama kematian global. Penyebab kematian yang terbesar yaitu penyakit kardiovaskuler, kanker penyakit pernafasan kronik dan diabetes. Indosesia sendiri mengalami peningkatan PTM yang signifikan, Prevalensi PTM yang mengalami kenaikan, yaitu tekanan darah tinggi.
Tujuan: menganalisis hubungan dukungan tokoh masyarakat dan dukungan keluarga dengan minat remaja mengikuti posbindu PTM Di Desa Puro Wilayah Puskesmas Karangmalang Sragen pada tahun 2022
Metode Penelitian: metode penelitian kuantitatif Observasional dengan pendekatan Crosesctional, Populasi adalah temaja usia 15-19 tahun, sample dalam penelitian ini adalah 252 responden, Teknik pengambilan sample menggunakan teknik purposive sampling.
Hasil: pada hasil penelitian ini didapatkan terdapat hubungan anatar dukungan tokoh masyarakat p<0.001 dengan minat remaja mengikuti posbindu PTM di Desa Puro karangmalang Sragen.
Kesimpulan: terdapat hubungan antara dukungan tokoh masyarakat dan dukungan keluarga terhadap minat remaja mengikuti posbindu PTM desa Puro.
Kata kunci: Dukungan Tokoh Masyarakat, Dikungan Keluarga, Minat Remaja.
Analisis Kesiapsiagaan Masyarakat dalam Menghadapi Bencana di Desa Cikunir, Tasikmalaya, Jawa Barat 2023
Authors: Wiratama Rifki
Published: July 2024

Disaster is an event or series of events that threaten and disrupt the lives and livelihoods of communities, caused by natural and/or non-natural factors as well as human factors, resulting in loss of human lives, environmental damage, property loss, and psychological impact. The aim of this research is to assess the readiness of the community in Cikunir Village, Tasikmalaya Regency, regarding disasters. This research uses a descriptive method with a quantitative approach. The findings conclude that the community in Cikunir Village is not prepared for the possibility of various disasters, whether natural or non-natural. Therefore, efforts should be made to enhance community preparedness. Recommendations for this research include increasing public awareness through more intensive educational campaigns, addressing various types of disasters, early warning signs, and potential impacts. Local government should ensure the availability of information through various channels, involve community leaders, and develop effective outreach strategies.
Keywords: Preparedness, disaster, vulnerability
A Comparative Evaluation of ESBL Production and Carbapenem Resistance in UTIs Before and During COVID-19
Authors: Altamimi Ibraheem , Alhumimidi Abdullah , Alabdulkarim Ibrahim , Almugren Abdulrahman , Alhemsi Hadi , Altamimi Abdulaziz , Binkhamis Khalifa , Altamimi Abdullah
Published: July 2024

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic has heightened the urgency to address antibiotic resistance, particularly ESBL and carbapenem-resistant UTIs. Our study seeks to assess the pandemic\'s effect on the prevalence of these resistances, comparing data from before and during COVID-19. By identifying trends in resistance patterns, we aim to enhance antibiotic stewardship and inform healthcare policies. Understanding the pandemic\'s impact on ESBL and carbapenem resistance is vital for guiding clinical practices and public health initiatives in tackling antibiotic resistance.

Methods:
This retrospective study, conducted at King Fahad Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, analyzed positive urine cultures from January 2018 to December 2022 to assess the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among UTIs. Using WHO-recommended semiquantitative culturing methods on CLED and blood agar, bacterial isolates were identified via the BD Phoenix system and antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed following CLSI guidelines. ESBL detection employed the Double-Disc Synergy Test. Data analysis involved SPSS for statistical evaluation, utilizing chi-square and t-tests for categorical and continuous variables, respectively, and logistic regression to explore associations between variables and antibiotic resistance, with significance set at p
The predictive role of lung clearance index on FEV1 decline in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Özsezen Beste , Yalçın Ebru , Emiralioğlu Nagehan , Konşuk Ünlü Hande , Ademhan Tural Dilber , Caka Canan , Sunman Birce , Doğru Deniz , Özçelik Ugur , Kiper Nural
Published: July 2024

Background. The lung clearance index (LCI) is a sensitive lung function index that is used to detect early lung disease changes in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). This study aimed to define the predictive role of baseline LCI, along with other potential factors on the change in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) during one-year follow-up in CF patients who had a percent predicted (pp) FEV1≥80.
Methods. LCI was concurrently performed on 57 CF patients who had ppFEV1 ≥80 at month zero. The ppFEV1 decline was evaluated prospectively during the one year follow up. The primary outcome of ppFEV1 decline in the study group in one year was dichotomized according to the median value for the decline in ppFEV1, which was 3.7. The LCI value predicting ppFEV1 decline at the end of one year was calculated with receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Regression analysis was performed. Furthermore, a decision tree was constructed using classification and regression tree methods to better define the potential effect of confounders on the ppFEV1 decline.
Results. The LCI value for predicting ppFEV1 decline >3.7% at the end of one year was 8.2 (area under the curve: 0.80) Multivariable regression analysis showed that the absence of the F508del mutation in at least one allele, LCI >8.2 and initial FEV1 z-score were predictors of a ppFEV1 decline >3.7 (p<0.001). Factors altering ppFEV1 decline>3.7% at the end of one-year evaluated by decision trees were as follows: initial FEV1 z-score, type of CFTR mutation, LCI value and initial weight-for-age z-score.
Conclusions. LCI is sensitive for predicting ppFEV1 decline in patients with ppFEV1 ≥80 along with the initial FEV1-z-score and type of CFTR mutation.
Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in children and adolescents
Authors: Yıldırım Ülkü Miray , Koca Dilşad , Kebudi Rejin
Published: July 2024

Background. Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) are rare in children and adolescents. Standard management of these tumors has not been well established due to their rarity in this age group. We aimed to report the clinical and pathological characteristics of patients with this rare disease followed and treated between the years 1993-2022.
Materials and methods. The medical records of patients with GEP-NETs were reviewed.
Results. Fourteen patients (11 girls, 3 boys) were diagnosed with GEP-NET. The median age was 13 (9-18) years. Tumor localization was the appendix in 12, stomach in one and pancreas in one patient. Mesoappendix invasion was detected in four patients two of whom underwent right hemicolectomy (RHC) and lymph node dissection (LND). Of those, one patient had lymph node involvement. The other two had not further operations. Somatostatin was used in one with pancreatic metastatic disease and the other with gastric disease after surgery. No additional treatment was given in other patients. All patients are under follow-up without evidence of disease at a median follow-up of 85 months (7-226 months).
Conclusion. GEP-NETs should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute appendicitis and in cases with persistent abdominal pain. In children, there is invariably a favorable prognosis, and additional surgical interventions other than simple appendectomies generally do not provide benefits. Mesoappendix invasion may not necessitate RHC and LND.
Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Küresel Değer Zincirlerinin Belirleyicileri
Authors: Yılmazer Mine , Çınar Serkan , Duva Hatice
Published: July 2024

Üretimin ve ticaretin ülkeler arasında bölüşülmesi ve bu bölüşümden daha yüksek pay almak isteyenler ülkelerin karşılaştırmalı üstünlüklere dayanacak şekilde uzmanlaşmaya gitmeleri küresel ekonomide büyük önem arz etmektedir. Küresel üretimin, ülkelerin uzmanlık derecelerine göre farklı ülkelerde gerçekleştirilmesi durumu, küresel değer zincirleri terimi ile açıklanmaktadır. Küresel değer zincirlerinin ülke ekonomilerinde yarattığı avantaj ve dezavantajların akademik çalışmalarla incelenmesi uluslararası ticaret yazını açısından değer taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, sekiz gelişmekte olan ülkede geriye ve ileriye dönük küresel değer zincirlerine katılımın belirleyicileri ile olan ilişkilerini panel veri analizi ile test etmektir. Elde edilen bulgular, sekiz ülkenin Dünya Bankası tarafından belirtilen dört farklı aşamadan birinci ve ikinci aşamayı (hammadde temini ve sınırlı imalat işlemleri) tamamlayarak ileri düzeyde imalat işlemlerine geçiş yaptığını göstermektedir. Bu ülkelerin iyi eğitimli işgücü, teknolojik gelişme, doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar ve politik istikrarı geliştirmek koşuluyla ileri düzeyde uzmanlaşma düzeyine erişebileceği düşünülmektedir.
Diretrizes da Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria para o manejo do comportamento suicida: triagem e avaliação
Authors: Baldaçara Leonardo , Calfat Elie Leal de Barros , Périco Cintia de Azevedo-Marques , Pinto Flavia Ismael , Rocha Gislene Alves da , Leite Verônica da Silveira , Porto Deisy Mendes , Grudtner Roberta Rossi , Diaz Alexandre Paim , Meleiro Alexandrina Maria Augusto da Silva , Silva Filho Humberto Corrêa da , Tung Teng Chei , Quevedo João , Da Silva Antônio Geraldo
Published: July 2024

Este artigo detalha as diretrizes para a triagem e avaliação do comportamento suicida. A triagem envolve o uso de instrumentos ou protocolos para identificar indivíduos com comportamentos suicidas, podendo ser aplicada de forma independente ou como parte de uma avaliação de saúde mais ampla. Esta pode ser realizada de maneira manual ou eletrônica e aplicada seletivamente ou de forma universal a toda a população alvo. A avaliação do risco de suicídio deve ser conduzida por um médico e incluir questionários estruturados e conversas abertas com o paciente, familiares e amigos para obter uma visão completa do comportamento, fatores de risco e proteção, e histórico de cuidados de saúde mental. A eficácia da triagem e avaliação é aumentada quando combinada com estratégias de intervenção, como o Plano de Segurança, que integra a avaliação de riscos e a criação de um plano terapêutico individualizado.
Diretrizes da Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria para o manejo do comportamento suicida: hotlines para a prevenção de suicídio
Authors: Baldaçara Leonardo , Grudtner Roberta Rossi , Weber César Augusto Trinta , Gorender Miriam Elza , Silva Sandra Paula Peu da , Teles Ana Luiza Silva , Passos Ives Cavalcante , Quevedo João , Da Silva Antônio Geraldo
Published: July 2024

O suicídio é um grave problema de saúde pública com profundos impactos emocionais, sociais e econômicos. Este artigo aborda três estratégias essenciais para enfrentar essa questão: pós-venção, prevenção e promoção da saúde mental. Pós-venção envolve intervenções após um suicídio, oferecendo suporte às pessoas afetadas para mitigar traumas e prevenir novos casos. Programas de apoio psicológico e grupos de ajuda mútua são eficazes na redução do impacto negativo em famílias e comunidades. Prevenção consiste na identificação e redução de fatores de risco antes das tentativas de suicídio. Isso inclui triagem de risco, intervenções psicoterapêuticas, tratamento farmacológico e campanhas educativas que promovem a conscientização e reduzem o estigma dos transtornos mentais. O treinamento de profissionais de saúde e educação é crucial para a detecção precoce e intervenção. Promoção da saúde mental visa fortalecer fatores protetores e melhorar o bem-estar psicológico. Políticas públicas eficazes, acesso a serviços de saúde mental de qualidade e a criação de ambientes sociais e educacionais que promovam resiliência e apoio emocional são fundamentais. Iniciativas incluem programas de educação emocional nas escolas e campanhas comunitárias de conscientização. Este artigo enfatiza a necessidade de uma abordagem integrada que combine pós-venção, prevenção e promoção para o manejo eficaz do comportamento suicida, apresentando evidências e recomendações para a prática clínica e implementação em políticas públicas de saúde.
Unlawful Seizure: The Legal Implications Of Russia’s Re-Registration Of Leased Aircraft
Authors: Ormsbee Matthew
Published: July 2024

During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russia passed a law allowing its domestic airlines to reregister foreign-owned aircraft on the Russian aircraft registry. This law raises important questions about dual registration—forbidden under international law—since the prior foreign aviation authorities had not consented to the deregistration of the subject aircraft. Even as lessors revoked airworthiness certificates, Russia re-registered more than 350 leased aircraft. The most significant problem in civil aviation today is Russia’s re-registration law, which undermines predictability, order, and safety. This essay argues that Russia passed its registration law because its war left it with few other options. This does not make Russia’s actions legally defensible, but the context helps frame potential solutions, which will be explored after examining the international aircraft registration regime and the legal implications of Russia’s actions.
Treaties Establishing ICAO And IMO – A Comparative Study
Authors: Abeyratne Ruwantissa Indranath
Published: July 2024

The comparison between air law and maritime law reveals both similarities and distinctions rooted in the unique frameworks of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and The International Maritime Organization (IMO). While both entities were established through separate treaties, the Chicago Convention birthed ICAO, emphasizing the organization’s Assembly, Council, and auxiliary bodies. In contrast, the IMO Convention, also known as the Convention on the International Maritime Organization, forms the basis for IMO’s structure and functions as outlined in its preamble. The core objectives of IMO revolve around fostering collaboration among governments to enhance regulatory frameworks for international maritime trade. This encompasses advocating for elevated standards in maritime safety, navigation efficiency, and marine pollution prevention. Similarly, ICAO aims to establish principles and techniques for air navigation, promoting safe, regular, economical, and efficient air transport. The Chicago Convention primarily focuses on regulating international civil aviation, ensuring its orderly development and safety through defined principles and procedures, including standards for airspace sovereignty, aircraft registration, airworthiness, and aviation security. Conversely, the IMO Convention tackles various aspects of international maritime transportation, spanning safety, security, environmental protection, and shipping efficiency. Despite being specialized agencies of the United Nations, both ICAO and IMO face the challenge of accommodating diverse interests and viewpoints of their member states without the autonomy enjoyed by the private sector. Nonetheless, both organizations have consistently served the international community in facilitating world trade and commerce within their respective domains. This article discusses details of comparison and contrasts between ICAO, IMO, and air law and maritime law in their treaty settings.
Direito humano ao meio ambiente de trabalho seguro e saudável: Uma norma de jus cogens constitutiva do trabalho decente.
Authors: Beltramelli Neto Silvio
Published: July 2024

O presente artigo tem por objetivo demonstrar que, na perspectiva normativa, a decisão do órgão máximo deliberativo tripartite da OIT que inseriu o meio ambiente de trabalho seguro e saudável no rol de direitos previstos na Declaração sobre Princípios e Direitos Fundamentais no Trabalho de 1998 representa a consagração de um direito humano como norma do tipo jus cogens constitutiva da concepção de Trabalho Decente¸ por isso que inderrogável, incontornável e oponível a qualquer movimento de supressão ou retrocesso que se possa verificar, no contexto das ordens jurídicas nacionais dos Estados Membros da OIT, notadamente do Brasil, tanto no plano público das atividades legislativa, jurisdicional e de promoção de políticas públicas governamentais, quanto no plano privado das relações laborais. Trata-se de um escrito de natureza dogmática, para cuja investigação foram empregados os métodos bibliográfico e documental, neste último caso a partir do estudo de normas nacionais e internacionais, jurisprudência internacional e, sobretudo, documentos oficiais da OIT.
Distribuição espacial do voto: há um sistema distrital em funcionamento no Brasil?
Authors: Melo Clóvis Alberto Vieira de , Soares Kelly Cristina Costa
Published: July 2024

O debate na literatura sobre o sistema eleitoral brasileiro ganha força por apresentar uma vertente que considera as debilidades do sistema proporcional e os reflexos na arena legislativa. A principal questão que se coloca é que a distribuição espacial do voto pode explicar o direcionamento de políticas particularistas, clientelistas de custo difuso para a sociedade, e, que são destinadas a certos redutos eleitorais.   O trabalho investiga como vem sendo a distribuição dos votos em eleições proporcionais para cargo de deputado federal nos estados da Paraíba e Piauí no período de 2002 a 2006.  Identifica a relação entre as bases eleitorais dos deputados e o seu desempenho legislativo na busca de recursos para seus distritos.  Averiguar como a conexão eleitoral pode explicar o quadro das negociações no legislativo. Com base no modelo elaborado por Barry Ames (2003), a pesquisa busca testar os tipos distintos de distribuição geográfica do voto: distritos concentrados-dominantes, concentrados-compartilhados dispersos-dominantes e dispersos-compartilhados para entender os incentivos e comportamentos distintos por parte dos legisladores das bancadas da Paraíba e Piauí, no que se refere, especificamente, aos destinos de recursos públicos através de emendas orçamentárias. Os dados empíricos, da variável dependente, provém do Tribunal Superior Eleitoral, no qual se buscou identificar a distribuição espacial das votações dos deputados eleitos nos municípios dos estados objeto da pesquisa. Num segundo momento, foram utilizados dados do SigaBrasil para identificar o comportamento dos parlamentares em relação à destinação das emendas do orçamento da União, de forma a verificar como se dá a relação entre a distribuição da votação e o esforço dos parlamentares em direcionar recursos para atender seus redutos eleitorais.
Los principios Laborales como mandatos de optimización
Authors: Villacis Gwyneth Oded Jarrin , Lascano Alberto Mauricio Pangol
Published: July 2024

A mediados del siglo XX, se da inicio a los procesos de reflexión relacionados con los principios del Derecho Laboral, esto trajo como consecuencia un abanico de análisis, no solo para los principios de carácter jurídico, sino también para los económicos y meta - jurídicos. Sin embargo, dentro de la disciplina laboral, el principio Protector cobra relevancia, pues se plantea como mandato de optimización, es decir, se enfoca, a que las cosas se realicen en la mayor medida posible. Dentro del Derecho del Trabajo, el principio Protector, tiene gran relevancia en la disciplina del trabajo, pues se lo reconoce como mandato de optimización; a partir de este surgen una serie de reglas que carecen del principio jurídico, por tener un carácter indeterminado y son de textura cerrada. Por esta razón no es un limitante que, en el derecho del trabajo, considerado como disciplina jurídica, se puedan aplicar de igual manera los principios generales del derecho, porque interactúan como reglas particulares de esta disciplina. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la aplicabilidad de los principios laborales como mandatos de optimización, a través de sus alcances axiológicos y de los diferentes ordenamientos jurídicos.
Perfil dos nascimentos prematuros ocorridos em município do extremo oeste de Santa Catarina
Authors: Amthauer Camila , Brandemburg Eliane Carla , Brandemburg Karina , Morschbacher Joel , Meneghini Leidimari
Published: July 2024

Objetivo: Identificar o perfil dos nascimentos prematuros ocorridos no município de São Miguel do Oeste, Santa Catarina. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo transversal, retrospectivo, descritivo, desenvolvido a partir de dados secundários. A população foi composta pelos recém-nascidos, cadastrados no Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde, com nascimento no município de São Miguel do Oeste, Santa Catarina, entre 2016 e 2020. Aplicou-se a análise descritiva dos dados, sendo as variáveis categorizadas e expressas por frequência relativa e absoluta. Resultados: fizeram parte do estudo 2.778 recém-nascidos. Destes, 292 eram prematuros, representando 10,5% do total de nascimentos, sendo a maioria prematuros moderados e tardios. Dentre os recém-nascidos prematuros, houve prevalência do sexo feminino (50,7%), cor branca (84,6%), com baixo peso ao nascer (55,5%), nascidos de parto cesáreo (66,8%), com Apgar 1º minuto entre 8 e 10 (76,7%) e 5º minuto entre 8 e 10 (94,5%). Conclusão: Sobreleva-se a necessidade de investir em estratégias que ampliem a cobertura e a qualidade do pré-natal, já que este é um fator de proteção para a prematuridade. Ademais, ressalta-se a importância de aprofundar os estudos sobre o assunto, com vistas ao planejamento e implementação de políticas públicas voltadas à redução da prematuridade e de seus desfechos adversos.
Kojic Acid Containing Novel Drug Delivery System on Facial Dyschromia: Characterization and Their Evaluation
Authors: Mondal Prantika , Bhalla Vijay , Tyagi Reena
Published: July 2024

Stubborn skin pigmentation issues like post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) and melasma are the primary reasons people seek cosmetic consultations. Treating these conditions topically is challenging, as it involves inhibiting various stages of production of the pigment process. A powerful tyrosinase inhibitor like, kojic acid (KA) is employed as a formulation to regulate pigmentation production by suppressing the melanogenesis process. It’s important to note that the application of KA has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), US, for dermatological treatments. The goal of this investigation was to formulate a nanoemulsion containing kojic acid for skin delivery using an emulsification method. The characteristics of the KA nanoemulsion were thoroughly examined through techniques like fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, (FTIR) particle size analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TME). In addition, the formulation’s performance was evaluated through both ex-vivo permeation study and in-vitro release study. Analysis of the FTIR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results revealed that kojic acid with other ingredients in the formulation did not exhibit any chemical interactions. The kojic acid nanoparticles that were produced exhibited a spherical shape and were uniformly distributed, with an average size diameter of 184 nm. In in-vitro tests, it was observed that 87.67% of the drug was released within 12 hours. Moreover, ex-vivo permeation evaluation demonstrated that 81.24% of the drug permeated the skin within 8 hours of application. The thermal stability studies confirmed the stability of the kojic acid nanoemulsion, with no signs of creaming, cracking, or phase separation in the formulation. In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest that the kojic acid nanoemulsion holds great promise as an effective means for delivering kojic acid within the upper layers of the skin for treating of facial dyschromia.
Development of a Robust and Reliable RP-HPLC Method for the Estimation of Finerenone in Tablet Dosage Form
Authors: Chepyala Sumalatha , Medidi Srinivas , Malik Jitender Kumar
Published: July 2024

An advanced analytical method was explored, specifically tailored for estimating finerenone, a vital drug found in tablet formulations intended to reduce the risk of chronic kidney disease in patients with type-2 diabetes. This sophisticated technique employs an Inertsil ODS 3V C18 column (5 μm particle size x 250 x 4.6 mm) for precise separation of analyte. The mobile phase consists of an ammonium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 4.5) and acetonitrile (60:40), which is a carefully balanced mixture that flows consistently at 1.0 mL/min. UV detection is achieved at a wavelength of 238 nm. Finerenone’s characteristics are unveiled with a brief retention time of 4.06 minutes, highlighting the efficiency of the method. The method demonstrates linearity within the concentration range of 2.5 to 15 μg/mL, offering a comprehensive scope for accurate analysis. This robust reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method undergoes thorough validation following International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines, ensuring its reliability. Notably, the accuracy is impressive, with a mean recovery falling comfortably within the acceptable range of 99.76 to 101.09%. In summary, our analytical approach stands out for its simplicity, precision, sensitivity, rapidity, and robustness in estimating finerenone in tablet formulations.
Lipid Nanoemulgel Therapy for the Treatment of Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca: Cyclosporine Formulation Characterization and In-vitro Evaluation
Authors: P Phadatare Suvarna , P Kurumkar  Pritish , M Wanegaonkar Anjali , M Jadhav Varsha
Published: July 2024

Nanoparticulate carrier systems play a significant part in enhancing ocular bioavailability. Emulgels are a potential new delivery method for the administration of lipophilic drugs like cyclosporine A (CsA). In the present research work, CsA, the immunomodulatory drug with a wide safety profile, has been formulated into nanoemulgel for treating vision-threatening ocular surface disorder viz. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca. The objective of this study was to prepare lipid-based nanoemulsion gel of CsA aiming to prolong corneal residence time and increase ocular bioavailability. Ophthalmic nanoemulgel was prepared using suitable vehicles, preservatives, hydrophilic and lipophilic emulsifiers viz croduret 40, poloxamers, spans, polyethylene glycol, polyoxyethylene 40 stearate, etc., by probe sonication method. It was evaluated for physical appearance, particle size, pH, viscosity, drug release, assay, and stability, etc. using appropriate methods. The pH and osmolarity of transparent ocular liquigel were 7.2 and 155 mOsm/L respectively. The particle size analysis and cryo scanning electron microscopic images of ocular nanoemulgel showed a monodisperse system containing a globule mean size of 190.2 ± 8.93 nm. The drug content was 99.5% w/w and the in-vitro diffusion studies showed that the medication was released for 6 hours; followed first-order kinetics with a high regression coefficient (r2) of 0.982. The lipid carrier-based topical cyclosporine ophthalmic liquigel was developed and evaluated. The in-vitro study has shown uniform, smooth-surfaced globules of size < 200 nm and prolonged drug release up to 6 hours; thus indicating increased corneal residence by nanocarrier-based gel system.
Optimization of Slugging and Compression Process for Bicalutamide Tablets
Authors: Roy Santanu , Kalra Naresh , Singh Gurpreet
Published: July 2024

The critical nature of pharmaceutical dosage forms necessitates the optimization of manufacturing process variables to achieve the desired product quality. In this study, slugging (Dry granulation) was selected as an appropriate granulation method to mitigate poor flow properties in the final bicalutamide blend. The chosen process variables include slug hardness, mill screen size, and mill speed. A 23-factorial design was employed to investigate these variables. Process parameters were reproducible, with minimal impact on tablet properties, even when roller speeds varied. Response surface models effectively examine the relationship between response variables and quantitative parameters. The input and process variables for the compression process were predetermined based on the desired quality attributes of bicalutamide tablets. Notably, the p-value for the slugging process was not more than 0.05, indicating their insignificance in tablet content uniformity. Product quality attributes affected by the compression process step include content uniformity, disintegration time, and dissolution. The optimal hardness range was found to be 2.0 to 7.0 kp.
Development and Evaluation of Polyherbal Phyto-phospholipid Complexes (Phytosomes) for PCOD Treatment
Authors: Prema S , Tamboli Firoj A , Bhyan Bhupinder , Chellammal Hanish Singh Jayasingh
Published: July 2024

Tolycystic ovary disorder (PCOD) is a common endocrine condition affecting women of reproductive age that is distinguished by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory failure, and polycystic ovaries. It is still not entirely apparent what causes polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and the treatments that are currently available tend to focus more on alleviating symptoms than on addressing the underlying causes. The bioavailability and effectiveness of bioactive chemicals can be improved by the use of phytosomes, which are sophisticated delivery methods. Phytosomes for the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are the primary focus of this study. Materials such as milk thistle (Silybum marianum), curcumin (Curcuma longa), and Ginkgo biloba were utilized with the purpose of highlighting the potential benefits of these substances in the treatment of PCOD. A fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis was carried out, and the results of the ex-vivo analysis confirmed that the formulation PS3 with a ratio of 2:1 exhibited a greater release profile.
Formulation and Evaluation of Tablets Using the Solvent Evaporation Method to Increase the Solubility of Lansoprazole
Authors: Dhobale Shankar , Jadhav Suresh , Hase Mayur , Tare Harshal
Published: July 2024

The inability to determine sufficient and repeatable bioavailability and/or desirable pharmacokinetic features in humans is one of the biggest obstacles to the oral administration of new medicines. The solubility and absorption of a medicine determine its bioavailability, which in turn determines its therapeutic efficacy. Achieving the target drug concentration in the systemic circulation and ensuring drug biological activity in humans are both affected by solubility. A stomach ulcer has the potential to rip through the stomach lining, the initial section of the small intestine, and possibly even the lower esophagus. Distinct ulcers form in different parts of the intestines; one forms in the duodenum and one in the stomach. Duodenal ulcers are most commonly characterized by upper abdominal pain at night that subsides after eating. Eating might exacerbate the discomfort from a stomach ulcer. Preparing and assessing the pills will yield optimal outcomes. The active component content is 99.90%, as is the active ingredient release rate. Compared to other formulations, solid dispersion tablets performed better in in-vitro tests (98.85%). The optimized formulation (lansoprazole solid dispersion tablets) outperformed the labeled formulation (conventional lansoprazole tablet) in terms of drug-releasing capacity within 6 hours, outperforming both formulations.
Potential of Native Cyclodextrins and L-Lysine for Enhancing Ellagic Acid Aqueous Solubility
Authors: Nyamba Isaïe , Sombie Charles B , Lechanteur Anna , Semde Rasmané , Evrard Brigitte
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to examine the influence of β cyclodextrin (βCD) and γ cyclodextrin (γCD) alone and in combination with L-lysine on ellagic acid (EA) solubility. Indeed, complexation with cyclodextrins can be used to improving the solubility of drugs poorly soluble in water such as EA. EA is a Biopharamceutical Classification System (BCS) IV bioactive polyphenol with numerous therapeutic activities, including antimalarial activities. However, its unfavorable physicochemical properties limit its therapeutic use. Therefore, after a phase solubility study, we successfully prepared EA-βCD and γ CD binary solid complexes using the freeze-drying technique. Methods including proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) analysis and fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to characterize the inclusion behaviors of the complexes of EA with cyclodextrins both in solution and solid forms. The results of the phase solubility study indicated Ap-type diagrams of EA with the two cyclodextrins (CDs). The solubility of EA was multiplied by 9.92 and 2.98 in the presence of γCD and βCD respectively. Moreover, the complexes characterization by FTIR spectroscopy revealed the involvement of the C=O and EA OH groups in the interaction with the CDs. The results of NMR spectroscopic characterization revealed that the formation of EA inclusion complexes with βCD was partial. However, these results did not indicate the appearance of EA inclusion complexes with γCD. These relatively modest results in terms of increased EA solubility, obtained with cyclodextrins, prompted us to use a third compound, l-lysine, to enhance CDs complexation. Thus, the formation of ternary complexes led to a very significant increase EA solubility. Indeed, the incorporation of EA into EA-L-lysine-βCD and γ CD complexes increased its water solubility at pH 7.4 by a factor of 555 and 663, respectively.
Preparation and Characterization of Sustained Release Risperidone Loaded Eudragit Microparticles by Spray-Drying Technique
Authors: Chatterjee Arindam , Pandey Amrita , Sharma Ashutosh , Bansal Mayank , Gupta Rakesh Kumar
Published: July 2024

The goal of this work was to create novel risperidone-containing spray-dried microparticles using Eudragit® L100, a methacrylic polymer. Microparticles were designed with controlled release and enhanced in-vitro effects in mind and were meant to be taken orally. Spray-drying was used to create Eudragit® L100 microparticles loaded with risperidone. Risperidone-loaded Eudragit® L100 was successfully prepared to treat mental/mood disorders, according to an investigation into its physicochemical properties in-vitro. Spray-drying was an effective method for producing Eudragit® L100 microparticles loaded with risperidone. Formulations displayed a suitable drug entrapment percentage or nearly 89.94%. The mean diameter of the nearly spherical and spherical microparticles ranged from 30 to 50 μm, and they had a smooth surface. The distinctive peak of risperidone loaded with Eudragit L100 was visible in the fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectra, indicating that the medication was fully encapsulated in the polymer. The dissolution rate of risperidone-loaded microparticles was slower than that of the pure medication. The use of spray-dried risperidone microparticles as a practical oral drug delivery method for more effective and regulated risperidone release is supported experimentally by our results.
Nanosuspensions in Breast Cancer Therapy: A Comprehensive Overview
Authors: . Sebastine , Fathima Mohamed Zerein
Published: July 2024

Nanosuspensions offer a promising avenue for enhancing breast cancer treatment through improved drug delivery, solubility, and targeting. These colloidal dispersions contain submicron drug particles, significantly increasing surface area and enhancing drug solubility and dissolution rates. This improvement can lead to increased drug bioavailability, enabling lower doses and reduced side effects. It is also possible to engineer nanosuspensions so that they are controlled-release drugs, providing sustained therapeutic levels at the tumor site. Nanosuspensions facilitate targeted drug delivery, which is one of their key advantages. In order to minimize systemic toxicity, nanosuspensions contain targeting ligands or antibodies that adhere to the surface of nanoparticles in order to deliver drugs specifically to breast cancer cells. The nanosuspension platform also allows a combination therapy approach to be used, allowing multiple drugs to be delivered simultaneously in order to achieve synergistic effects and combat drug resistance. Nanosuspension treatments can be beneficial both therapeutically and for imaging and diagnostic purposes. Using nanoparticles labeled with imaging agents, it is possible to visualize tumors and monitor treatment responses. Nanosuspensions may reduce side effects associated with traditional chemotherapy by improving drug targeting and reducing systemic exposure. A nanosuspension represents a promising treatment option for breast cancer. Nanosuspensions must be fully exploited for their full potential to improve outcomes and quality of life for patients.
Simultaneous Estimation of Amlodipine and Atorvastatin Using UV-Spectroscopy Method
Authors: Mali Dipak P , Waghmare Anjali V , Gaikwad Dinanath T
Published: July 2024

The simple, precise and accurate UV spectroscopic method has been developed for simultaneous estimation of amlodipine besylate and atorvastatin calcium. The developed simultaneous equation method is reproducible and economical. The wavelengths selected for measuring the absorbance of both drugs were 365 and 246 nm, respectively. In a concentration range of 2 to 10 μg/mL, amlodipine besylate and atorvastatin calcium exhibited linearity at their respective λmax of 365 and 246 nm as well as at the isoabsorptive point at 238 nm. Recovery studies showed recovery of >99.78% for amlodipine besylate and >99.36% for atorvastatin calcium, indicating method accuracy. The developed method is suggested for routine analysis because it is quick, easy, accurate, as well as sensitive and specific. The validation studies were carried out in accordance with the International Council of Harmonization (ICH) recommendations.
A Comparative Study of Epidural 0.75% Ropivacaine with Dexmedetomidine and 0.75% Ropivacaine Alone in Infra Umbilical Surgeries
Authors: Rahaman P Abdul , M Anusha , Kumar S Perm , Sabapathy VA
Published: July 2024

Background: Different adjuvants are currently being employed alongside local anesthetics to extend the duration of pain relief during and after epidural block procedures for infra-umbilical surgeries. Dexmedetomidine is a recently popular neuroaxial adjuvant that acts as an extremely specific α2 adrenergic agonist. The purpose of this research is to evaluate and contrast the impacts of combining epidural giving of 0.75% ropivacaine with dexmedetomidine to the effects of using 0.75% ropivacaine alone. The focus was on evaluating the cardiovascular, sedative with analgesics potentiating The facets of these treatments.Methods: The research was randomized and studied in a double-blind, prospective fashion. It comprised 50 patients from the The individuals included in this study were classified as undertaking lower limb procedures were those who met the following criteria: Female, the age from 20 to 65, and holding American Society of Anesthesiologists Grades I and II. Informed agreement was given before the start of the study. Randomly, participants were divided into two groups, each consisting of 25 individuals. A 15 mL ropivacaine solution containing 0.75% was utilized to administrate epidural anesthesia to a group I (n = 25). In contrast, group II (n = 25) received the same 15 mL ropivacaine solution supplemented with 0.6 μg/kg of dexmedetomidine. The study compared two groups in terms of their hemodynamic changes and block characteristics. These characteristics included the time it took for analgesia to start at T10, the peak level of sensory perception analgesia achieved, the time it took for the sensory and motor block to reach their maximum levels, the time it took for the block to regress at the dermatome S1, and the time required to administer the initial quantity rescue effort analgesics to be administered within a 24-hour period.Results: Sedation score (p = 0.001), motor block intensity (p 0.001), and onset of action (p 0.001) were all significantly greater in the dexmedetomidine group. Additionally, motor block duration (p 0.001) was significantly longer. No significant differences were observed in the occurrence of maximal pain relief, low BP, or slow HR (p > 0.05), according to the study. There was a negligible and comparable occurrence of adverse effects (such as vertigo, tremor, and SpO2<90%) across all categories (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The research revealed noteworthy distinctions commencing with the inhibition of neural functions differs between the dexmedetomidine and ropivacaine groups, with dexmedetomidine producing more intense sustained motor block and sensory block. Both groups had greater sedation scores.
Investigating the Analgesic Effect of Flavonoid Rich Fraction from Pteris quadriaurita: Evidence from In-silico, In-vitro and In-vivo Studies
Authors: Karnatham Padmini , Jupudi Srikanth , Dodoala Sujatha
Published: July 2024

Pteris quadriaurita, a highly significant underutilized plant species that was widely recognized for its ethnobotanical and ethnomedicinal properties. The work aimed to estimate the flavonoid-rich fraction of P. quadriaurita (PQFRF), which was typically used to alleviate pain, for its antioxidant profile and associated analgesic effectiveness. In-silico molecular docking and PRIME MM-GB/SA studies were performed to analyze the binding pattern of nine bioactive substances identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The plant’s antioxidant activities were tested in-vitro using DPPH, ferricreducing antioxidant power, Superoxide anion radical, and hydroxy radical scavenging tests. For in-vivo analgesic research, the hot plate model, acetic acid-induced writhing, and tail flicking models were utilised. PQFRF was found to be equipotent to the reference medication in the studied peripheral and central analgesic models at a maximal dose of 50 mg/kg.
Optimized Extraction and Characterization of Allicin from Snow Mountain Garlic and its Anticancer Potential via Allicin-loaded CuO Nanoparticles
Authors: Dana Tufail , Pathan Amjad Khan , Ahmad Sufiyan
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to optimize the extraction and purification of allicin and to characterize allicin-loaded CuO nanoparticles for potential anticancer applications. Initially, various solvents, including MilliQ water, methanol at different concentrations, and phosphate buffer at varying pH levels, were tested to maximize the yield and purity of allicin. The extraction efficiency was evaluated by measuring the absorbance at 244 nm using UV spectrophotometry. The highest extraction efficiency was achieved with MilliQ water (0.92 ± 0.03) and 40% methanol (0.89 ± 0.05). Additionally, phosphate buffer pH 2.5 in 40% methanol also demonstrated good efficiency (0.86 ± 0.04). Following extraction, the allicin was purified using a glass column to remove impurities, ensuring a high degree of purity for subsequent applications. The chemical structure and purity of the purified allicin were confirmed using fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). To enhance the stability and bioavailability of allicin, allicin-loaded CuO nanoparticles were formulated. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis revealed a mean particle size of 125 nm, while zeta potential measurements indicated a surface charge of -21.74 mV, suggesting good stability. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provided detailed insights into the morphology and structure of the nanoparticles. The successful optimization of allicin extraction and purification, coupled with the characterization of allicin-loaded nanoparticles, paves the way for their potential application in cancer therapy. The enhanced stability and bioavailability of allicin through nanoparticle formulation hold promise for improving its therapeutic efficacy against cancer. Further studies are warranted to explore the anticancer activity of these nanoparticles in biological systems.
An Overview of Etiology, Pathophysiology, and Promising Herbal Remedy for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Jodh Rahul V , Kawtikwar Pravin , Vyas Ujwal , Khobragade Samiksha
Published: July 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive brain disease that gradually reduces a person’s ability to think clearly, remember things, and even carry out simple cognitive tasks. It is the most common cause of dementia among the elderly. Although the exact cause is still unknown, genetic factors account for 5 to 10% of instances having a family origin. The damage leads to significant degeneration of the afflicted areas, resulting in memory loss, impaired capacity to acquire new knowledge, fluctuations in mood, difficulties in cognitive functioning, and an inability to do basic everyday tasks. However, it is still commonly acknowledged as the primary reason of dementia worldwide. The two chief pathological landscapes of AD are the build-up of substances outside the cells and the formation of twisted fibers within the cells, known as neurofibrillary tangles. Accumulation of Aβ amyloid (Aβ) initiates neurodegeneration, leading to the development of clinical dementia, which is a defining feature of AD.
Developments in the Green Synthesis of Medicinal Nanoparticles: From Benign Solvents to Bio-assisted Sources
Authors: Khuwaja Gulrana
Published: July 2024

This review explores the advancements in green synthesis methodologies, focusing on the utilization of bio-assisted sources and benign solvents for the production of pharmaceutical nanoparticles. We discuss the significance of solvent systems in synthesis processes and highlight water as an ideal and accessible solvent. Various examples of nanoparticle synthesis in aqueous media are presented, including gold and silver nanoparticles produced via the emerging field of “green” synthesis, which encompasses routes utilizing water as a solvent system and natural sources/extracts as primary components. Notably, ionic liquids are discussed as promising solvents for nanoparticle synthesis, offering unique advantages such as tunable properties and broad temperature ranges. Furthermore, the potential of supercritical fluids, particularly carbon dioxide and water, as solvent systems for nanoparticle synthesis is explored. Nanoparticles have numerous uses in the pharmaceutical and medical industries. We hope to shed light on environmentally acceptable and sustainable methods for synthesizing nanoparticles with this thorough review