bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive beam delivery latency evaluation for gated proton therapy system using customized multi‐channel signal acquisition platform
Authors: Liu Zhipeng , Pan Lingjing , Ma Tao , Lu Hsiao‐Ming , Wang Yuanyuan
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Beam delivery latency in respiratory‐gated particle therapy systems is a crucial issue to dose delivery accuracy. The aim of this study is to develop a multi‐channel signal acquisition platform for investigating gating latencies occurring within RPM respiratory gating system (Varian, USA) and ProBeam proton treatment system (Varian, USA) individually.

Methods

The multi‐channel signal acquisition platform consisted of several electronic components, including a string position sensor for target motion detection, a photodiode for proton beam sensing, an interfacing board for accessing the trigger signal between the respiratory gating system and the proton treatment system, a signal acquisition device for sampling and synchronizing signals from the aforementioned components, and a laptop for controlling the signal acquisition device and data storage. RPM system latencies were determined by comparing the expected gating phases extracted from the motion signal with the trigger signal's state turning points. ProBeam system latencies were assessed by comparing the state turning points of the trigger signal with the beam signal. The total beam delivery latencies were calculated as the sum of delays in the respiratory gating system and the cyclotron proton treatment system. During latency measurements, simulated sinusoidal motion were applied at different amplitudes and periods for complete beam delivery latency evaluation under different breathing patterns. Each breathing pattern was repeated 30 times for statistical analysis.

Results

The measured gating ON/OFF latencies in the RPM system were found to be 104.20 ± 13.64 ms and 113.60 ± 14.98 ms, respectively. The measured gating ON/OFF delays in the ProBeam system were 108.29 ± 0.85 ms and 1.20 ± 0.04 ms, respectively. The total beam ON/OFF latencies were determined to be 212.50 ± 13.64 ms and 114.80 ± 14.98 ms.

Conclusion

With the developed multi‐channel signal acquisition platform, it was able to investigate the gating lags happened in both the respiratory gating system and the proton treatment system. The resolution of the platform is enough to distinguish the delays at the millisecond time level. Both the respiratory gating system and the proton treatment system made contributions to gating latency. Both systems contributed nearly equally to the total beam ON latency, with approximately 100 ms. In contrast, the respiratory gating system was the dominant contributor to the total beam OFF latency.
A robust adaptive decomposable Volterra filter based on the hyperbolic tangent Leclerc function and its performance analysis
Authors: Liu Qianqian , Li Zhigang , He Yigang
Published: March 2024

Most of the existing adaptive filter algorithms pay more attention to improving performance while ignoring the computational complexity and the impact of the impulsive environment. When encountering the impulsive noise environments, the performance of traditional nonlinear adaptive filter may be significantly reduced and usually needs high computational cost. Therefore, this article proposes a hyperbolic tangent Leclerc robust nonlinear adaptive filter based on the low complexity decomposable Volterra model (HTLNAF‐DVM). The filter is implemented by imposing a rank‐one structure on the full Volterra model to get a product of linear filters, and employs a hyperbolic tangent Leclerc function as a robust norm to effectively improve the robustness against the impulsive noise. In addition, we give the theoretical analyses of the steady‐state mean‐square performance of the proposed HTLNAF‐DVM. Finally, the simulation results prove that the proposed HTLNAF‐DVM algorithm has better performance than the existing algorithms and fit well with the theory.
Tas1R3 Dependent and Independent Recognition of Sugars in the Urethra and the Role of Tuft Cells in this Process
Authors: Schmidt Patricia , Perniss Alexander , Bodenbenner‐Tuerich Martin , Wiegand Silke , Briand Loic , Deckmann Klaus
Published: March 2024

Increased sugar concentrations on mucosal surfaces display risk factors for infections. This study aims to clarify sugar monitoring in the urethra. Urethral tuft cells (UTC) are known sentinels monitoring the urethral lumen for potentially harmful substances and initiating protective mechanisms. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS), RT‐PCR, and immunohistochemistry show expression of the taste receptor Tas1R3 in murine UTC, a crucial component of the classical sweet detection pathway. Isolated UTC respond to various sugars with an increase of intracellular [Ca2+]. The Tas1R3 inhibitor gurmarin and Tas1R3 deletion reduces these responses. Utilizing mice lacking UTC, glibenclamide, a K+‐ATP channel antagonist, and phlorizin, a SGLT1 inhibitor, reveal an additional Tas1R3 independent sweet detection pathway. Inhibition of both pathways abrogates the sugar responses. Rat cystometry shows that intraurethral application of sucrose and glucose increases detrusor muscle activity Tas1R3 dependently. Sugar monitoring in the urethra occurs via two distinct pathways. A Tas1R3 dependent pathway, exclusive to UTC, and a Tas1R3 independent sweet detection pathway, which can be found both in UTC and in other urethral epithelial cells.
Multi‐Dimensional Physically Unclonable Functions: Optoelectronic Variation‐Induced Multi‐Key Generation from Small Molecule PN Heterostructures
Authors: Shin Jihyun , Ko Raksan , Park Taehyun , Kim Yeong Jae , Jang Byung Chul , Yoo Hocheon
Published: March 2024

In this era of demanding invulnerable security systems against the threat of hacking, physically unclonable functions (PUFs), especially in which can spawn multiple security keys within a single device, has gained attention. This investigation explores the multi‐key generable PUF devices employing organic small molecules, specifically C8‐BTBT and PTCDI‐C13. The variation stems from the formation of irregular PN junctions, haphazardly configured grain boundaries of C8‐BTBT. A comprehensive analysis including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), impedance spectroscopy (IS), and optical simulation, has been substantiated the underlying mechanisms. Exploiting the photo‐responsive characteristics within the light wavelength spectrum of 660 and 530 nm, alongside the electrical characteristics, the capability to generate a total of 30 distinct multi‐security keys in a single device is been successfully. These keys, distinguished by variable parameters such as voltage, light wavelength, and the calculated photo‐to‐dark current ratio (PDCR), manifest novel quantitative and qualitative dimensions in security protocol customization. Inter‐Hamming distance and entropy of these cryptographic keys exhibit commendable averages of 51.9–53.1%, and 0.81, respectively. Moreover, a noteworthy average bit‐aliasing mean value of 51.9%, derived from four distinct batches, underscores the pragmatic feasibility of the proposed conceptual framework for PUF devices.
Substrate Engineering toward Selective Growth of Ultrathin WC Crystals and Heterostructures via Liquid Cu‐Zn Catalyst
Authors: Li Minghui , Zhang Qing , Li Lin , Han Ziyi , Gao Wei , Ren Hechen , Geng Dechao , Hu Wenping
Published: March 2024

Transition metal carbides (TMCs) grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) offer promise for numerous novel phenomena and applications in the 2D limit. Despite considerable efforts thus far, the flexible customization of TMCs and their heterostructures still remains challenging. Herein, a substrate engineering is developed to achieve customized manufacturing of ultrathin WC single crystals and WC/graphene (WC‐G) heterostructures by varying the concentration of Zn in Cu‐Zn alloy substrate. It is worth noting that Zn atoms can remarkably reduce the nucleation density of graphene and promote the nucleation of WC. Thus, an increasing Zn content is applied to synergistically modulate the growth of graphene and WC, enabling the controllable fabrication of WC and WC‐G heterostructures. The synthesized WC crystals exhibit an ultrathin nature down to 3 nm, as well as high crystalline, ultra‐clean surface, and superb chemical stability. Based on that, the typical metallic properties with a temperature‐dependent resistance (nearly 1.30 Ω at 300 K and nearly 0.08 Ω at 1.7 K) and low resistance as well as excellent nonlinear optical performance of WC are demonstrated. This work provides fresh insights into regulating the growth behavior of multiblock‐structured carbides and promotes the study of their optic and electronic properties.
Janus Hydrophobic Structural Gel with Asymmetric Adhesion in Air/Underwater for Reliable Mechanosensing
Authors: Zhou Rong , Jin Yong , Zeng Wenhua , Jin Hongyu , Li Yupeng , Mei Jiangyang , Liu Jie
Published: March 2024

Reliable interfacial bonding is an essential guarantee that flexible electronics can output realistic signals, especially for underwater scenes. However, conventional self‐adhesive materials usually suffer from underwater adhesion failure, conflict between adhesion and cohesion, as well as adverse effects of isotropous adhesion and residue, greatly limiting their applications in flexible electronics. Herein, a Janus hydrophobic structural gel (HSG) with asymmetric adhesion is fabricated by a “grafting one twig on another” approach (in situ constructing a hydrophobic anti‐adhesive gel on the top of a hydrophobic self‐adhesive gel). The hydrophobic adhesion layer with long C18 aliphatic chains achieves a reliable underwater bonding (interfacial toughness exceeds 80 J m−2) with the assistance of high mobility of polymer chains, multiple interfacial interactions, and effective removal of interfacial liquid. The hydrophobic anti‐adhesion layer containing poly(ionic liquid) is more robust due to electrostatic and ion‐dipole interactions, ensuring the mechanical strength of the integral HSG. Such asymmetric heterostructure avoids common nonessential adhesion and residue, facilitating operation. The intrinsic hydrophobicity of HSG also prevents water erosion, achieving reliable underwater adhesion and sensing. As a result, the assembled sensor based on HSG can stably monitor human motions and wirelessly transmit underwater information, exhibiting an enormous potential in wearable electronics.
Crucial Breakthrough of BODIPY‐Based NIR‐II Fluorescent Emitters for Advanced Biomedical Theranostics
Authors: Hu Xiaoming , Fang Zhuting , Zhu Caijun , Yang Yanling , Yang Zhen , Huang Wei
Published: March 2024

Fluorescence imaging in the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) has aroused immense attention for biomedical applications, offering exceptional advantages such as ultra‐low photon scattering and increased tissue penetration. Among the NIR‐II‐emitted organic dyes, Boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY), has emerged as a noteworthy candidate. BODIPY, distinguished by its controllable molecular structure and optical properties, outstanding fluorescence quantum yields, high molar absorption coefficients, and remarkable chemical stability, has undergone comprehensive investigation and extensive exploration within the realm of biological theranostics. This work aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the advancements in the development and design strategies of NIR‐II BODIPY fluorophores tailored for advanced biological phototheranostics. Initially, the work elucidates several representative and controllable strategies, concluding the electron‐programming strategy, extension of the conjugated backbone, J‐aggregation strategy, and strategic establishment of activatable fluorophores, which enhance the NIR‐II fluorescence of BODIPY skeletons. Subsequently, developments in NIR‐II fluorescent BODIPY‐based nanoplatforms for biological applications are intricately elaborated. In conclusion, this work outlines future efforts and directions for refining NIR‐II BODIPY to meet evolving clinical demands. It is anticipated that this contribution may provide a feasible reference for the strategic design of organic NIR‐II fluorophores, thereby advancing their potential in future clinical practices.
A Novel CRISPR/Cas9‐Encapsulated Biomimetic Manganese Sulfide Nanourchins for Targeted Magnetic Resonance Contrast Enhancement and Self‐Enhanced Chemodynamics‐Gene‐Immune Synergistic Tumor Therapy
Authors: Liu Hui , Mu Mengyao , Hou Yuebing , Gong Yufang , Wang Chenyu , Ma Guiqi , Guo Kai , Ma Ling , Sun Xiao
Published: March 2024

CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing systems are widely studied in cancer therapy, however, it is still challenging to improve the gene editing efficiency and enhance the anticancer efficacy. Herein, a novel self‐assembled manganese sulfide nanourchin with CRISPR/Cas9 and hybrid membrane encapsulation (MCRT) is developed to highlight the synergistic mechanism of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and CRISPR/Cas9 in cancer therapy. The special structure and cationic surface of nanourchins facilitate the loading of CRISPR/Cas9 with the large size and the encapsulation of erythrocyte‐tumor cell hybrid membrane, endowing the nanoplatform with long circulation and precise tumor targeting. MCRT with pH‐response can effectively decompose into H2S and Mn2+, and release CRISPR/Cas9 in acidic tumor microenvironment. H2S can up‐regulate intracellular hydrogen peroxide level by inhibiting the activity of catalase, which enables self‐enhanced chemodynamic therapy (CDT) of Mn2+. In addition, H2S can synergize with the released CRISPR/Cas9, co‐downregulating the level of intracellular anti‐apoptotic protein survivin, achieving self‐enhanced gene therapy. Furthermore, systemic delivery of MCRT displays significantly tumor magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast enhancement. Importantly, H2S‐enhanced CDT‐gene therapy simultaneously induces immunogenic cell death and triggered a robust anti‐tumor immune response. Thus, MCRT has a potential application for the targeted MRI and self‐enhanced CDT‐gene‐immune synergistic tumor therapy.
Fast Na+ Kinetics and Suppressed Voltage Hysteresis Enabled by a High‐Entropy Strategy for Sodium Oxide Cathodes
Authors: Wang Xian‐Zuo , Zuo Yuting , Qin Yuanbin , Zhu Xu , Xu Shao‐Wen , Guo Yu‐Jie , Yan Tianran , Zhang Liang , Gao Zhibin , Yu Lianzheng , Liu Mengting , Yin Ya‐Xia , Cheng Yonghong , Wang Peng‐Fei , Guo Yu‐Guo
Published: March 2024

O3‐type layered transition metal cathodes are promising energy storage materials due to their sufficient sodium reservoir. However, sluggish sodium ions kinetics and large voltage hysteresis, which are generally associated with Na+ diffusion properties and electrochemical phase transition reversibility, drastically minimize energy density, reduce energy efficiency, and hinder further commercialization of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Here, this work proposes a high‐entropy tailoring strategy through manipulating the electronic local environment within transition metal slabs to circumvent these issues. Experimental analysis combined with theoretical calculations verify that high‐entropy metal ion mixing contributes to the improved reversibility of redox reaction and O3–P3–O3 phase transition behaviors as well as the enhanced Na+ diffusivity. Consequently, the designed O3‐Na0.9Ni0.2Fe0.2Co0.2Mn0.2Ti0.15Cu0.05O2 material with high‐entropy characteristic could display a negligible voltage hysteresis (<0.09 V), impressive rate capability (98.6 mAh g−1 at 10 C) and long‐term cycling stability (79.4% capacity retention over 2000 cycles at 5 C). This work provides insightful guidance in mitigating the voltage hysteresis and facilitating Na+ diffusion of layered oxide cathode materials to realize high‐rate and high‐energy SIBs.
Structurally Aligned Multifunctional Neural Probe (SAMP) Using Forest‐Drawn CNT Sheet onto Thermally Drawn Polymer Fiber for Long‐Term In Vivo Operation
Authors: Jeon Woojin , Lee Jae Myeong , Kim Yeji , Lee Yunheum , Won Joonhee , Lee Somin , Son Wonkyeong , Koo Yong Hoe , Hong Ji‐Won , Gwac Hocheol , Joo Jinmyoung , Kim Seon Jeong , Choi Changsoon , Park Seongjun
Published: March 2024

Neural probe engineering is a dynamic field, driving innovation in neuroscience and addressing scientific and medical demands. Recent advancements involve integrating nanomaterials to improve performance, aiming for sustained in vivo functionality. However, challenges persist due to size, stiffness, complexity, and manufacturing intricacies. To address these issues, a neural interface utilizing freestanding CNT‐sheets drawn from CNT‐forests integrated onto thermally drawn functional polymer fibers is proposed. This approach yields a device with structural alignment, resulting in exceptional electrical, mechanical, and electrochemical properties while retaining biocompatibility for prolonged periods of implantation. This Structurally Aligned Multifunctional neural Probe (SAMP) employing forest‐drawn CNT sheets demonstrates in vivo capabilities in neural recording, neurotransmitter detection, and brain/spinal cord circuit manipulation via optogenetics, maintaining functionality for over a year post‐implantation. The straightforward fabrication method's versatility, coupled with the device's functional reliability, underscores the significance of this technique in the next‐generation carbon‐based implants. Moreover, the device's longevity and multifunctionality position it as a promising platform for long‐term neuroscience research.
Printable Block Molecular Assemblies with Controlled Exciton Dynamics
Authors: Li Zongshang , Yang Jihyuk , Sun Fengke , Low Kam‐Hung , Tian Wenming , Jin Shengye , Kim Ji Tae , Che Chi‐Ming , Wan Qingyun
Published: March 2024

Creating hierarchical molecular block heterostructures, with the control over size, shape, optical, and electronic properties of each nanostructured building block can help develop functional applications, such as information storage, nanowire spectrometry, and photonic computing. However, achieving precise control over the position of molecular assemblies, and the dynamics of excitons in each block, remains a challenge. In the present work, the first fabrication of molecular heterostructures with the control of exciton dynamics in each block, is demonstrated. Additionally, these heterostructures are printable and can be precisely positioned using Direct Ink Writing‐based (DIW) 3D printing technique, resulting in programable patterns. Singlet excitons with emission lifetimes on nanosecond or microsecond timescales and triplet excitons with emission lifetimes on millisecond timescales appear simultaneously in different building blocks, with an efficient energy transfer process in the heterojunction. These organic materials also exhibit stimuli‐responsive emission by changing the power or wavelength of the excitation laser. Potential applications of these organic heterostructures in integrated photonics, where the versatility of fluorescence, phosphorescence, efficient energy transfer, printability, and stimulus sensitivity co‐exist in a single nanowire, are foreseen.
Morphological Innovation Drives Sperm Release in Bryophytes
Authors: Zhang Xinxin , Bian Ang , Yang Junbo , Liang Ye , Zhang Zhe , Yan Meng , Yuan Siqi , Zhang Qun
Published: March 2024

Plant movements for survival are nontrivial. Antheridia in the moss Physcomitrium patens (P. patens) use motion to eject sperm in the presence of water. However, the biological and mechanical mechanisms that actuate the process are unknown. Here, the burst of the antheridium of P. patens, triggered by water, results from elastic instability and is determined by an asymmetric change in cell geometry. The tension generated in jacket cell walls of antheridium arises from turgor pressure, and is further promoted when the inner walls of apex burst in hydration, causing water and cellular contents of apex quickly influx into sperm chamber. The outer walls of the jacket cells are strengthened by NAC transcription factor VNS4 and serve as key morphomechanical innovations to store hydrostatic energy in a confined space in P. patens. However, the antheridium in liverwort Marchantia polymorpha (M. polymorpha) adopts a different strategy for sperm release; like jacket cell outer walls of P. patens, the cells surrounding the antheridium of M. polymorpha appear to play a similar role in the storage of energy. Collectively, the work shows that plants have evolved different ingenious devices for sperm discharge and that morphological innovations can differ.
Multiemitting Ultralong Phosphorescent Carbonized Polymer Dots via Synergistic Enhancement Structure Design
Authors: Zhang Qipeng , Xu Shihao , Zhang Lanpeng , Yang Liang , Jiang Changlong
Published: March 2024

Advancing a metal‐free room temperature phosphorescent (RTP) material that exhibits multicolor emission, remarkable RTP lifetime, and high quantum yield still faces the challenge of achieving intersystem crossing between singly and triplet excited states, as well as the rapid decay of triplet excited states due to nonradiative losses. In this study, a novel strategy is proposed to address these limitations by incorporating o‐phenylenediamine, which generates multiple luminescent centers, and long‐chain polyacrylic acid to synthesize carbonized polymer dots (CPDs). These CPDs are then embedded in a rigid B2O3 matrix, effectively limiting nonradiative losses through the synergistic effects of polymer cross‐linking and the rigid matrix. The resulting CPD‐based materials exhibit remarkable ultralong phosphorescence in shades of blue and lime green, with a visible lifetime of up to 49 s and a high phosphorescence quantum yield. Simultaneously, this study demonstrates the practical applicability of these excellent material properties in anti‐counterfeiting and information encryption.
Chronic Opioid Treatment Arrests Neurodevelopment and Alters Synaptic Activity in Human Midbrain Organoids
Authors: Kim Hye Sung , Xiao Yang , Chen Xuejing , He Siyu , Im Jongwon , Willner Moshe J. , Finlayson Michael O. , Xu Cong , Zhu Huixiang , Choi Se Joon , Mosharov Eugene V. , Kim Hae‐Won , Xu Bin , Leong Kam W.
Published: March 2024

Understanding the impact of long‐term opioid exposure on the embryonic brain is critical due to the surging number of pregnant mothers with opioid dependency. However, this has been limited by human brain inaccessibility and cross‐species differences in animal models. Here, a human midbrain model is established that uses hiPSC‐derived midbrain organoids to assess cell‐type‐specific responses to acute and chronic fentanyl treatment and fentanyl withdrawal. Single‐cell mRNA sequencing of 25,510 cells from organoids in different treatment groups reveals that chronic fentanyl treatment arrests neuronal subtype specification during early midbrain development and alters synaptic activity and neuron projection. In contrast, acute fentanyl treatment increases dopamine release but does not significantly alter gene expression related to cell lineage development. These results provide the first examination of the effects of opioid exposure on human midbrain development at the single‐cell level.
A Novel Ternary Pseudocapacitive Electrode with Synergistic Contributions
Authors: Zhou Yang , Tynan Benjamin , Dai Liming , Rider Andrew N. , Wang Chun H.
Published: March 2024

Ternary electrodes represent an exciting strategy to substantially enhance the performance of supercapacitors beyond what binary electrodes offer. However, the interplays among ternary constituents and their possible synergies remain poorly understood. This study investigates a ternary electrode design, wherein ferric oxyhydroxide (FeOOH) and magnesium dioxide (MnO2) are co‐deposited onto carbon nanotube (CNT) mats. The results reveal that the ternary electrode demonstrates a 33.3% reduction in internal resistance and a 59% increase in areal capacitance compared to its binary MnO2/CNT counterpart. Furthermore, the ternary electrode achieves a 25% increase in capacitance compared to the combined capacitances of separate MnO2/CNT and FeOOH/CNT electrodes. These findings demonstrate that combining FeOOH and MnO2 can synergistically enhance electrical conductivity and pseudocapacitance beyond their binary counterparts. This design yields a surface capacitance exceeding 3500 mF cm−2 at an active material loading up to 15 mg cm−2. By pairing with a binary FeOOH/CNT electrode, the resulting asymmetric supercapacitor exhibits an operational voltage window to 1.6 V. To demonstrate the potential of the new design, ternary electrodes are integrated into wearable and structural supercapacitors. The new synergistic ternary electrode approach provides a promising avenue for enhancing energy storage capacitance and expanding the scope of energy storage structure applications.
Ionic Liquid‐Induced 1D Perovskite: Exploring 1D Perovskite Structure to 1D/3D Heterojunction‐Based Photovoltaics
Authors: Wang Fei , Zhou Kang , Zhou Chao , Liang Xiao , Wang Taomiao , Sun Yonggui , Li Yongjun , Li Qiannan , Zhou Xianfang , Yang Guo , Duan Dawei , Zhu Jiajie , Zhu Quanyao , Lin Haoran , Shi Yumeng , Yang Chunming , Xing Guichuan , Hu Hanlin
Published: March 2024

The synergistic utilization of low‐dimensional perovskites with 3D perovskite architectures represents a pervasive approach for fabrication of high‐performance and enduring perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, four distinct ionic liquids (ILs) with distinct cations, were introduced on the surface of 3D perovskite to induce the formation of 1D perovskite.Starting with the analysis of 1D/3D heterojunction structures, the assessment foucsed on the binding energies in four ILs‐induced 1D/3D heterojunctions, comparing electron cloud density within 1D/3D structures, and calculating the formation energies associated with iodine and lead defects within these four 1D/3D perovskite structures via DFT calculations. Furthermore, the time‐resolved grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering technique, as employed in this study, offers real‐time insights into the phase‐transition occurring during the process of ILs coating and the formation of 1D/3D heterojunctions. The well‐designed and optimized 1D perovskite layer significantly reduces the residual lead iodide (PbI2), modulates the work function of the perovskite, and passivates defects in the 3D perovskite, thereby reducing non‐radiative recombination and enhancing charge transport. With the assistance of 1D/3D hybrid films, we achieved an exceptional power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.75% in the generated PSCs with remarkable stability.
Randomized, controlled, multi‐center phase II study of postoperative enoxaparin treatment for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in patients undergoing surgery for hepatobiliary‐pancreatic malignancies
Authors: Shinke Go , Takeda Yutaka , Ohmura Yoshiaki , Kobayashi Shogo , Wada Hiroshi , Morimoto Osakuni , Tomokuni Akira , Shimizu Junzo , Asaoka Tadafumi , Tanemura Masahiro , Noda Takehiro , Doki Yuichiro , Eguchi Hidetoshi
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk is pronounced after abdominal cancer surgery. Enoxaparin shows promise in preventing VTE in gastrointestinal, gynecological, and urological cancers, but its application after surgery for hepatobiliary‐pancreatic malignancy has been under‐evaluated due to bleeding concerns. We confirmed the safety of enoxaparin administration in patients undergoing curative hepatobiliary‐pancreatic surgery for malignancies in a prospective, multi‐center, phase I study.

Methods

The study was conducted from April 2015 to May 2021 across eight specialized centers. Patients (n = 262) were randomized to enoxaparin prophylaxis given postoperatively for 8 days (n = 131) or control (n = 131). The primary endpoint was the efficacy in reducing VTE. Secondary endpoints examined safety.

Results

The full analysis set included 259 patients (131 control, 129 enoxaparin). The per‐protocol population included 233 patients (117 control, 116 enoxaparin). Most cases were hepatic malignancies (111 control, 111 enoxaparin). The median administration duration of enoxaparin was 7 days, with 92% receiving 4000 units/day. Despite a reduction in the relative risk (RR) of VTE due to postoperative enoxaparin administration, the results were not significant (control: four cases, 3.4% vs. treatment: two cases, 1.7%; RR 0.50, 95% CI 0.09–2.70; p = 0.6834). No significant difference was found in the incidence of bleeding events (control: five cases, 4.3% vs. treatment: five cases, 4.3%, RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.53–1.89; p = 1.0000).

Conclusions

The perioperative administration of enoxaparin in hepatobiliary‐pancreatic malignancies is feasible and safe. However, further case accumulation and investigation are necessary to assess its potential in reducing the occurrence of VTE.
Behavioral and transcriptomic analyses of mecp2 function in zebrafish
Authors: Santistevan Nicholas J. , Ford Colby T. , Gilsdorf Cole S. , Grinblat Yevgenya
Published: March 2024

Rett syndrome (RTT), a human neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by severe cognitive and motor impairments, is caused by dysfunction of the conserved transcriptional regulator Methyl‐CpG‐binding protein 2 (MECP2). Genetic analyses in mouse Mecp2 mutants, which exhibit key features of human RTT, have been essential for deciphering the mechanisms of MeCP2 function; nonetheless, our understanding of these complex mechanisms is incomplete. Zebrafish mecp2 mutants exhibit mild behavioral deficits but have not been analyzed in depth. Here, we combine transcriptomic and behavioral assays to assess baseline and stimulus‐evoked motor responses and sensory filtering in zebrafish mecp2 mutants from 5 to 7 days post‐fertilization (dpf). We show that zebrafish mecp2 function is required for normal thigmotaxis but is dispensable for gross movement, acoustic startle response, and sensory filtering (habituation and sensorimotor gating), and reveal a previously unknown role for mecp2 in behavioral responses to visual stimuli. RNA‐seq analysis identified a large gene set that requires mecp2 function for correct transcription at 4 dpf, and pathway analysis revealed several pathways that require MeCP2 function in both zebrafish and mammals. These findings show that MeCP2's function as a transcriptional regulator is conserved across vertebrates and supports using zebrafish to complement mouse modeling in elucidating these conserved mechanisms.
Ultrathick MA2N4(M'N) Intercalated Monolayers with Sublayer‐Protected Fermi Surface Conduction States: Interconnect and Metal Contact Applications
Authors: Tho Che Chen , Feng Xukun , Cao Liemao , Wang Guangzhao , Liang Shi‐Jun , Lau Chit Siong , Guo San‐Dong , Ang Yee Sin
Published: March 2024

Recent discovery of ultrathick MoSi2N4(MoN)n monolayers open up an exciting platform to engineer two‐dimensional (2D) material properties via intercalation architecture. In this study, a series of ultrathick MA2N4(M'N) monolayers (M, M' = Mo, W; A = Si, Ge) is computationally investigated under both homolayer and heterolayer intercalation architectures, in which the same and different species of transition metal nitride inner core sublayer are intercalated by outer passivating nitride sublayers, respectively. The MA2N4(M'N) are stable metallic monolayers with excellent mechanical strength. Intriguingly, the metallic states around Fermi level are localized within the inner core sublayer. Carrier conduction mediated by electronic states around the Fermi level is thus spatially insulated from the external environment by the native outer nitride sublayers, suggesting the potential of MA2N4(M'N) in back‐end‐of‐line metal interconnect applications. N and Si (or Ge) vacancy defects at the outer sublayers create ‘punch through’ states around the Fermi level that bridges the carrier conduction in the inner core sublayer and the outer environment, forming an electrical contact akin to the ‘via' structures of metal interconnects. It is further shown that MoSi2N4(MoN) can serve as a quasi‐Ohmic contact to 2D WSe2. These findings reveal the potential of ultrathick MA2N4(MN) monolayers in interconnect and metal contact applications.
Dual substitution of host lattice ions to enhance the luminescence properties of Zn2TiO4:Cr3+ phosphor
Authors: Cheng Kang , Huang Weichao , Gong Xinyong , Deng Chaoyong
Published: March 2024

Near‐infrared light sources have potential applications in many fields. Cr3+ is a good luminescence centre to prepare near‐infrared phosphors. Improving the performance of existing near‐infrared luminescent materials has indeed attracted great interest from researchers. The luminescence properties of Zn2TiO4:Cr3+ were improved by crystal field engineering strategies. Zn2+–Ti4+ was partially replaced using a Li+–Nb5+ ion pair based on the Zn2TiO4:Cr3+ phosphors. Luminescence Cr3+‐activated luminescent materials are sensitive to changes in the local crystal structure and crystal field environment. Doping of Li+–Nb5+ increased the luminescence intensity up to 2.7 times that of the undoped sample. Also, the thermal stability of the phosphor was greatly increased by the replacement of Li+–Nb5+.
Development and internal validation of a nomogram based on peripheral blood inflammatory markers for predicting prognosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Lai Jing , Lin Peixin , Zhuang Jiafeng , Xie Zhiwei , Zhou Hechao , Yang Donghong , Chen Zihong , Jiang Danxian , Huang Jing
Published: March 2024

Background

Inflammatory markers, including the product of neutrophil count, platelet count, and monocyte count divided by lymphocyte count (PIV) and the platelet‐to‐white blood cell ratio (PWR), have not been previously reported as prognostic factors in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. In order to predict overall survival (OS) in NPC patients, our goal was to create and internally evaluate a nomogram based on inflammatory markers (PIV, PWR).

Methods

A retrospective study was done on patients who received an NPC diagnosis between January 2015 and December 2018. After identifying independent prognostic indicators linked to OS using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, we created a nomogram with the factors we had chosen.

Results

A total of 630 NPC patients in all were split into training (n = 441) and validation sets (n = 189) after being enrolled in a population‐based study in 2015–2018 and monitored for a median of 5.9 years. In the training set, the age, PIV, and PWR, selected as independent predictors for OS via multivariate Cox's regression model, were chosen to develop a nomogram. Both training and validation cohorts had C‐indices of 0.850 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.768–0.849) and 0.851 (95% CI: 0.765–0.877). Furthermore, compared with traditional TNM staging, our nomogram demonstrated greater accuracy in predicting patient outcomes. The risk stratification model derived from our prediction model may facilitate personalized treatment strategies for NPC patients.

Conclusion

Our findings confirmed the prognostic significance of the PWR and PIV in NPC. High PIV levels (>363.47) and low PWR (≤36.42) values are associated with worse OS in NPC patients.
Replication of relations among working alliance, distress and attendance variables
Authors: Meier Scott T.
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Recent reports from the World Health Organization and the American Psychological Association have highlighted the gap between the growing need for mental health services and available resources. Even with additional funding, however, the high proportion of clients who drop out after only a few sessions presents a significant obstacle to providing effective help.

Methods

Using archival data from the Research Consortium of Counseling and Psychological Services in Higher Education, this study examined relations between client attendance and two constructs of the early therapeutic environment model, working alliance and client distress.

Results

Session count evidenced a floor effect, with the mean of the distribution (4.45) <1 standard deviation (SD; 4.11) from the lowest possible score. In contrast, clients' alliance scores (measured with the Working Alliance Inventory) displayed a ceiling effect, with the mean 1.48 SD units from the highest possible score. Analyses indicated that alliance and distress (measured via the Outcome Questionnaire—45) scores exhibit different nonlinear relations with session count. Working alliance scores exhibited a power function indicating that rapid increases in alliance scores during initial sessions were associated with larger session counts. In contrast, distress scores formed a funnel shape with session count such that moderate initial distress was associated with greater attendance. Clients whose alliance scores evidenced a ceiling effect accounted for most of the observed change on the distress measure.

Conclusion

To enhance attendance, study findings suggest that, as early as possible, therapists should maximise the client–therapist alliance and moderate the level of client distress.
Hospital racial composition and outcomes after transcatheter and surgical aortic valve replacement
Authors: Biancari Fausto , Mäkikallio Timo
Published: March 2024

Key points

Racial/ethnic cardiovascular disparities have been demonstrated in optimal cardiovascular health.

Racial residential segregation may be a cause of disparities in health.

Early outcomes after aortic valve replacement are worse in hospitals treating a larger proportion of non‐White patients.
Cooperative Cu with defective MXene for enhanced nitrate electroreduction to ammonia
Authors: Tan Yi , Zhao Yijin , Chen Xiaokang , Zhai Shengliang , Wang Xiao , Su Le , Yang Hongyan , Deng Wei‐Qiao , Ho Ghim Wei , Wu Hao
Published: March 2024

The electroreduction of nitrate (NO3RR) to ammonia (NH3) provides a promising solution to enable environmental remediation caused by ‐containing waste and also allows for energy‐saving NH3 generation. Adsorption of *NO2 intermediate may be strengthened to decrease byproducts (e.g., ) and favor the eight‐electron NO3RR into NH3. In this work, copper‐incorporated O‐vacancy containing Ti3C2 MXene (Cu@Ti3C2Ov) is reported, which cooperatively inhibits production and facilitates hydrogenation, leading to approximately 100% Faradaic efficiencies of NH3 and high yield rates at various potentials. Density functional theory calculations show that and the *NO2 intermediates have a significant interaction with the Cu@Ti3C2Ov catalyst. Moreover, the formation of has a high energy barrier, which explains the appealing catalytic performance of the Cu@Ti3C2Ov toward NO3RR with suppressed and elevated NH3 selectivity. This work would motivate the prudent design of new catalysts for high‐performance NO3RR to NH3 by elucidating the significance of stabilizing the *NO2 intermediate.
Polymorphism in F pocket affects peptide selection and stability of type 1 diabetes‐associated HLA‐B39 allotypes
Authors: Amarajeewa A. W. Peshala , Özcan Aslihan , Mukhtiar Alveena , Ren Xu , Wang Qianyu , Ozbek Pemra , Garstka Malgorzata A. , Serçinoğlu Onur
Published: March 2024

HLA‐B*39:06, HLA‐B*39:01, and HLA‐B*38:01 are closely related HLA allotypes differentially associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D) risk and progression. B*39:06 is highly predisposing, while B*39:01 and B*38:01 are weakly predisposing and protective allotypes, respectively. Here, we aimed to decipher molecular mechanisms underlying the differential association of these allotypes with T1D pathogenesis. We addressed peptide binding and conformational stability of HLA‐B allotypes using computational and experimental approaches. Computationally, we found that B*39:06 and B*39:01 allotypes had more rigid peptide‐binding grooves and were more promiscuous in binding peptides than B*38:01. Peptidomes of B*39:06 and B*39:01 contained fewer strong binders and were of lower affinity than that of B*38:01. Experimentally, we demonstrated that B*39:06 and B*39:01 had a higher capacity to bind peptides and exit to the cell surface but lower surface levels and were degraded faster than B*38:01. In summary, we propose that promiscuous B*39:06 and B*39:01 may bind suboptimal peptides and transport them the cell surface, where such unstable complexes may contribute to the pathogenesis of T1D.
Base‐ and Visible‐Light‐Promoted Formation of 3‐Benzyl‐3‐Methoxyisoindolin‐1‐one
Authors: Martin Nathan , Moncomble Aurélien , Pélinski Lydie , Deniau Eric , Bousquet Till
Published: March 2024

Aryl diazonium salts are versatile compounds known for their reactivity in various transformations. In this study, we explored the arylation of 3‐methylene isoindolinones using aryl diazonium salts. The objective was to develop a method for accessing 3‐benzyl‐3‐methoxyisoindolin‐1‐ones, a class of compounds with diverse biological activities and synthetic importance. Optimization of the reaction conditions revealed the significance of light irradiation for improved yields. The substrate scope investigation demonstrated the compatibility of various diazonium salts and N‐substituents on the 3‐methylene isoindolinone scaffold, yielding the corresponding methoxy lactams with high yields. Mechanistic insights were obtained by observing the effect of base and light irradiation. Two initiation mechanisms were proposed: in the presence of a base, the reaction could proceed even without light irradiation, while light irradiation was necessary in the absence of a base. DFT calculations were performed to elucidate the mechanism of the reaction and provide energetic considerations
Cu2ZnSnS4‐Based Electrode as an Improvement Strategy for Lithium Rechargeable Batteries: A Status Review
Authors: Hassan Maryam , Imyrah Nur , Chelvanathan Puvaneswaran , Ahmoum Hassan , Scardi Paolo , Ahmad Azizan , Su'ait Mohd Sukor
Published: March 2024

Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is seen as a microstructure electrode due to its high energy density when applied in lithium rechargeable batteries such as lithium‐ion batteries (LIB) and lithium sulfur batteries (LSB). This review provides a systematic observation to evaluate the CZTS electrode capabilities from the perspective of electrode composition and its performance in lithium rechargeable batteries. This review starts by focusing on state‐of‐art lithium rechargeable batteries using common sulfur/sulfide‐based materials reported from literature. The relation between the LSB performance with the active materials ‐ sulfur, binder, solvents, electrolytes, and conducting additive used for lithium sulfide (Li2S) formation required for charge transfer properties is discussed critically. The following section discusses the current progress on CZTS‐based electrode in lithium rechargeable batteries and it is found that the highest capacity obtained with improved interfacial compatibility is 1802 mAh g−1 by hydrothermal techniques using 1 m LiPF6 in EC/EMC/DMC electrolyte. These properties have made sulfide component in CZTS structure as a great substitute to conventional sulfur/sulfide‐based active materials. Therefore, CZTS has become a promising and huge potential electrode in lithium rechargeable batteries.
About drying phenomena of fuel cell and electrolyzer CCM inks: Selectivity of the evaporation of 1‐propanol/water mixtures
Authors: Quarz Philipp , Zimmerer Nadine , Scharfer Philip , Schabel Wilhelm
Published: March 2024

In the production of catalyst‐coated membranes (CCMs) for proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells and electrolyzers, the ink formulation and its processing are key factors in determining the resulting catalyst layer. Catalyst inks often contain a multicomponent solvent mixture. Selective drying, which can occur with solvent mixtures, changes the composition in the solidifying film and thus influences the microstructure of the layer that forms. The selectivity depends on the material‐specific thermodynamics of the solvents and the process‐related drying parameters. Different 1‐propanol/water mixtures serve as the state of the art material system considered and commonly used for CCM inks. Typical solvent mixtures can be dried selectively or non‐selectively, depending on the initial ink composition and humidity of the drying air. In mixtures that contain more 1‐propanol than the azeotropic or arheotropic composition, the 1‐propanol content accumulates in the remaining liquid; if there is less, it decreases. Increasing the preloading of the drying air with water leads to a relative water enrichment and shifts the tipping point to higher initial alcohol fractions. This behavior can be transferred to the real CCM production.
‘We're at war.’ Healthcare workers’ experience with organisational change, uncertainty and vaccine hesitancy in 2021 and 2022 during the COVID‐19 vaccination programe in Poland
Authors: Wróblewski Michał , Stankowska Joanna , Kawiak‐Jawor Ewa
Published: March 2024

This article analyses the organisation of the mass COVID‐19 vaccination programme in Poland and its consequences for various aspects of the social identity of healthcare workers (HCWs). Based on 31 in‐depth interviews with HCWs, our study reveals the following: (1) Certain elements of the programme (inclusion of other healthcare professionals like pharmacists and laboratory diagnosticians as vaccinators) and the provision of additional infrastructure (pharmacies and shopping malls) may prompt scepticism and criticism in physicians and nurses who feel challenged about their professional autonomy and hierarchies; (2) Given the high levels of professional uncertainty, the implementation of the COVID‐19 vaccination is forcing HCWs to revise their attitude to medical standards, resulting in specific responses and adaptation strategies (ranging from the active involvement in the programme due to the sense of mission, to more or less evident scepticism); and (3) Confronting vaccine hesitancy, both among patients and other HCWs, contributes to the feeling of helplessness, leading to criticism of policymakers.
Could tranexamic acid be a suitable alternative to cryotherapy for symptomatic cervical ectopy? Results from a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Tofighi Shabnam , Hekmatfar Farzaneh , Tavakolizadeh Mahdi , Garrosi Lida , Gholami Hamideh , Haghighi Maryam
Published: March 2024

Objective

Cervical ectropion occurs due to the eversion of the endocervix that exposes glandular cells to the vaginal milieu. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy of effervescent vaginal tablets of tranexamic acid and cryotherapy in women with symptomatic cervical ectopy.

Methods

The current randomized clinical trial was conducted on 92 samples of women with cervical erosive ectropion from March 20, 2022 to August 27, 2022. Participants were divided into two groups; the intervention group (n = 46) was treated with a 400 mg effervescent vaginal tablet of tranexamic acid and the control group (n = 46) underwent cryotherapy. All the patients were requested to visit weekly in the first month and then monthly for the next 3 months, and the outcomes encompass improvement of symptoms (leukorrhea, dyspareunia, pelvic pain, post‐coital bleeding, and suprapubic pain) and cervical erosive ectropion view were monitored based on repeated examinations.

Results

In this study, no statistically significant difference was observed in cure rate of symptoms between study groups (P value > 0.05). Women in both the tranexamic acid and cryotherapy groups reported significant improvements in dyspareunia (34 [75%] vs 31 [67%]), pelvic pain (34 [75%] vs 34 [74%]), post‐coital bleeding (37 [81%] vs 31 [67%]), leukorrhea (36 [78%] vs 36 [78%]), suprapubic pain (32 [71%] vs 33 [73%]) disappearance of cervical ectropion tranexamic acid (40 [86%], vs 39 [84%]).

Conclusion

Our findings highlighted the equal effect of tranexamic acid and cryotherapy for treating cervical ectropion. Due to the ease of use, availability, and fewer side effects of tranexamic acid, it can be a suitable alternative to cryotherapy.

Trial Registration

IRCT20220115053719N1. The name of the registry: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials. URL of registration: https://en.irct.ir/trial/61483.