bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determining the leading-order contact term in neutrinoless double β decay
Authors: Cirigliano Vincenzo , Dekens Wouter , de Vries Jordy , Hoferichter Martin , Mereghetti Emanuele
Published: June 2021

Abstract

We present a method to determine the leading-order (LO) contact term contributing to the nn → ppe−e− amplitude through the exchange of light Majorana neutrinos. Our approach is based on the representation of the amplitude as the momentum integral of a known kernel (proportional to the neutrino propagator) times the generalized forward Compton scattering amplitude n(p1)n(p2)W+(k) →$$ p\left({p}_1^{\prime}\right)p\left({p}_2^{\prime}\right){W}^{-}(k) $$
p

p
1
′

p

p
2
′

W
−

k

, in analogy to the Cottingham formula for the electromagnetic contribution to hadron masses. We construct model-independent representations of the integrand in the low- and high-momentum regions, through chiral EFT and the operator product expansion, respectively. We then construct a model for the full amplitude by interpolating between these two regions, using appropriate nucleon factors for the weak currents and information on nucleon-nucleon (NN) scattering in the 1S0 channel away from threshold. By matching the amplitude obtained in this way to the LO chiral EFT amplitude we obtain the relevant LO contact term and discuss various sources of uncertainty. We validate the approach by computing the analog I = 2 NN contact term and by reproducing, within uncertainties, the charge-independence-breaking contribution to the 1S0NN scattering lengths. While our analysis is performed in the $$ \overline{\mathrm{MS}} $$

MS
¯

scheme, we express our final result in terms of the scheme-independent renormalized amplitude $$ {\mathcal{A}}_{\nu}\left(\left|\mathbf{p}\right|,\left|\mathbf{p}^{\prime}\right|\right) $$

A
ν

p

p
′

at a set of kinematic points near threshold. We illustrate for two cutoff schemes how, using our synthetic data for $$ {\mathcal{A}}_{\nu } $$

A
ν

, one can determine the contact-term contribution in any regularization scheme, in particular the ones employed in nuclear-structure calculations for isotopes of experimental interest.
Composite operators in $$ T\overline{T} $$-deformed free QFTs
Authors: Dey Anshuman , Goykhman Mikhail , Smolkin Michael
Published: June 2021

Abstract

We study perturbative renormalization of the composite operators in the $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

-deformed two-dimensional free field theories. The pattern of renormalization for the stress-energy tensor is different in the massive and massless cases. While in the latter case the canonical stress tensor is not renormalized up to high order in the perturbative expansion, in the massive theory there are induced counterterms at linear order. For a massless theory our results match the general formula derived recently in [1].
PROJECTIVE GENERATION FOR EQUIVARIANT

-MODULES
Authors: BELLAMY G. , GUNNINGHAM S. , RASKIN S.
Published: June 2021

We investigate compact projective generators in the category of equivariant "Image missing"-modules on a smooth affine variety. For a reductive group G acting on a smooth affine variety X, there is a natural countable set of compact projective generators indexed by finite dimensional representations of G. We show that only finitely many of these objects are required to generate; thus the category has a single compact projective generator. The proof goes via an analogous statement about compact generators in the equivariant derived category, which holds in much greater generality and may be of independent interest.
Quantity and quality of childcare and children’s educational outcomes
Authors: Blanden Jo , Del Bono Emilia , Hansen Kirstine , Rabe Birgitta
Published: June 2021

Policy-makers wanting to support child development can choose to adjust the quantity or quality of publicly funded universal pre-school. To assess the impact of such changes, we estimate the effects of an increase in free pre-school education in England of about 3.5 months at age 3 on children’s school achievement at age 5. We exploit date-of-birth discontinuities that create variation in the length and starting age of free pre-school using administrative school records linked to nursery characteristics. Estimated effects are small overall, but the impact of the additional term is substantially larger in settings with the highest inspection quality rating but not in settings with highly qualified staff. Estimated effects fade out by age 7.
Finite memory model of bone healing in analysis of moving interface between mandible tissue and bone substitute material after tooth implant application
Authors: Hernandez-Rodriguez Yunuhen , Lekszycki Tomasz
Published: June 2021

A previous bone remodelling model was presented elsewhere [30], and in the present paper, the same model was tested with new conditions; an interaction between bone tissue, bone substitute material and a dental implant was considered. The bone substitute material was assumed to be dead tissue, which does not synthesizes neither absorbs bone tissue, and it was considered, as well, resolvable. A moving border between the bone substitute material and the bone tissue was studied. The border moved as the newly synthesised bone tissue took over the bone substitute material. After the numerical calculations of time-steps, the whole bone substitute material was replaced by normal bone tissue and the implant was fixed in place only by bone tissue. Dynamical studies of the interaction of bone tissue and implant are used to improved implant design considering different factors, in this case, the presence of bone substitute material helping to fix the implant.
Added-value of GEO-hyperspectral Infrared Radiances for Local Severe Storm Forecasts Using the Hybrid OSSE Method
Authors: Wang Pei , Li Zhenglong , Li Jun , Schmit Timothy J.
Published: June 2021

High spectral resolution (or hyperspectral) infrared (IR) sounders onboard low earth orbiting satellites provide high vertical resolution atmospheric information for numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. In contrast, imagers on geostationary (GEO) satellites provide high temporal and spatial resolution which are important for monitoring the moisture associated with severe weather systems, such as rapidly developing local severe storms (LSS). A hyperspectral IR sounder onboard a geostationary satellite would provide four-dimensional atmospheric temperature, moisture, and wind profiles that have both high vertical resolution and high temporal/spatial resolutions. In this work, the added-value from a GEO-hyperspectral IR sounder is studied and discussed using a hybrid Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) method. A hybrid OSSE is distinctively different from the traditional OSSE in that, (a) only future sensors are simulated from the nature run and (b) the forecasts can be evaluated using real observations. This avoids simulating the complicated observation characteristics of the current systems (but not the new proposed system) and allows the impact to be assessed against real observations. The Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) full spectral resolution (FSR) is assumed to be onboard a GEO for the impact studies, and the GEO CrIS radiances are simulated from the ECMWF Reanalysis v5 (ERA5) with the hyperspectral IR all-sky radiative transfer model (HIRTM). The simulated GEO CrIS radiances are validated and the hybrid OSSE system is verified before the impact assessment. Two LSS cases from 2018 and 2019 are selected to evaluate the value-added impacts from the GEO CrIS-FSR data. The impact studies show improved atmospheric temperature, moisture, and precipitation forecasts, along with some improvements in the wind forecasts. An added-value, consisting of an overall 5% Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) reduction, was found when a GEO CrIS-FSR is used in replacement of LEO ones indicating the potential for applications of data from a GEO hyperspectral IR sounder to improve local severe storm forecasts.
Maternal knowledge explains screen time differences 2 and 3.5 years post-intervention in INFANT
Authors: Delisle Nyström Christine , Abbott Gavin , Cameron Adrian J. , Campbell Karen J. , Löf Marie , Salmon Jo , Hesketh Kylie D.
Published: June 2021

Very few early childhood interventions have observed sustained effects regarding television viewing and none have examined the mechanisms behind sustained intervention effects at long-term follow-ups. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate potential mechanisms relating to the maintained intervention effect on television viewing at two long-term follow-ups in the Melbourne Infant Feeding Activity and Nutrition Trial (INFANT). INFANT was a cluster-randomised controlled trial. At the 2- and 3.5-year follow-ups, a total of 262 infant/mother pairs had complete information. Television viewing was assessed via a questionnaire at both follow-ups and six potential mediators were measured post-intervention (i.e. 15 months after baseline). Causal mediation analysis was conducted. At the 2- and 3.5-year follow-ups, the positive impacts of INFANT on maternal television viewing knowledge were maintained (B = 0.34 units; 95% confidence interval (CI95): 0.21, 0.48). An indirect effect of the intervention on reducing children’s television viewing time was observed at the 2- and 3.5-year follow-ups (B = −11.73 min/day; CI95: −22.26, −3.28 and B = −4.78 min/day; CI95: −9.48, −0.99, respectively) via improved maternal television viewing knowledge.

Conclusion: The positive impacts of INFANT on maternal television viewing knowledge were maintained at both follow-ups, with better maternal knowledge associated with less television viewing time in their children. These results have implications for paediatricians and healthcare professionals as educating new parents early on regarding screen time may lead to the development of healthier screen time habits that are sustained through to the pre-school years.What is Known:•Lifestyle behaviours inclusive of screen time have been found to be established before the pre-school years and track.•Few trials have evaluated the long-term mechanisms related to maintained intervention effectiveness.What is New:•This study shows the positive impacts of a low-dose intervention on maternal television viewing knowledge at two long-term follow-ups.•Better maternal television viewing knowledge was associated with less television viewing time in their children.
The planar two-body problem for spheroids and disks
Authors: Wold Margrethe , Conway John T.
Published: June 2021

We outline a new method suggested by Conway (CMDA 125:161–194, 2016) for solving the two-body problem for solid bodies of spheroidal or ellipsoidal shape. The method is based on integrating the gravitational potential of one body over the surface of the other body. When the gravitational potential can be analytically expressed (as for spheroids or ellipsoids), the gravitational force and mutual gravitational potential can be formulated as a surface integral instead of a volume integral and solved numerically. If the two bodies are infinitely thin disks, the surface integral has an analytical solution. The method is exact as the force and mutual potential appear in closed-form expressions, and does not involve series expansions with subsequent truncation errors. In order to test the method, we solve the equations of motion in an inertial frame and run simulations with two spheroids and two infinitely thin disks, restricted to torque-free planar motion. The resulting trajectories display precession patterns typical for non-Keplerian potentials. We follow the conservation of energy and orbital angular momentum and also investigate how the spheroid model approaches the two cases where the surface integral can be solved analytically, i.e., for point masses and infinitely thin disks.
Mechanochemical and thermal succinylation of softwood sawdust in presence of deep eutectic solvent to produce lignin-containing wood nanofibers
Authors: Sirviö Juho Antti , Isokoski Erkki , Kantola Anu M. , Komulainen Sanna , Ämmälä Ari
Published: June 2021

In this study, the effect of the deep eutectic solvent (DES) based on triethylmethylammonium chloride and imidazole on the mechanochemical succinylation of sawdust was investigated. The sawdust was ball milled in the presence of succinic anhydride and the effects of different amounts of the DES on the carboxylic acid content and particle size were studied with and without post-heating. The carboxylic acid content significantly increased with the addition of the DES and by using 1.5 mass excess of the DES compared to sawdust; milled sawdust with 3.5 mmol/g of carboxylic acid groups was obtained using 60 min post-heating at 100 °C. The particle size was found to depend strongly on DES-to-wood ratio and a change in size-reduction characteristics was observed related to fiber saturation point. After mechanochemical milling, three succinylated sawdust samples with different carboxylic acid contents were disintegrated into wood nanofibers and self-standing films were produced. Although the mechanical properties of the films were lower than the cellulose nanofibers, they were higher or in line with oil- and biobased polymers such as polypropene and polylactic acid, respectively. Because of their amphiphilic nature, wood nanofibers were found to be effective stabilizers of water–oil emulsions.
Adoption Gaps of Environmental Adaptation Technologies with Public Effects
Authors: Antoci Angelo , Borghesi Simone , Galdi Giulio , Vergalli Sergio
Published: June 2021

As the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2018) testifies, the world is a long way from halting climate change, let alone reverting it. The existence of adaptation and mitigation technologies did not prove sufficient, their adoption being respectively faulted or hindered by the presence of externalities. In this work, we study how externalities, whether positive or negative, lead the system away from Pareto-dominant (social optimum) states, towards Pareto-dominated ones. We show that adoption gaps, i.e. differences between socially optimum vs current adoption shares, of both (mal)adaptation and mitigation technologies are caused by the externalities emitted. In particular, over-adoption may occur for maladaptive technologies, whereas under-adoption may occur in case of mitigation. We employ a model with two regions at different stages of development and also derive relevant considerations on possible counterproductive effects of green policies and environmental dumping.
Are we all in this together?: mathematics teachers’ perspectives on equity in remote instruction during pandemic
Authors: Yılmaz Zuhal , Gülbağcı Dede Hande , Sears Ruthmae , Yıldız Nielsen Selin
Published: June 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented situation that influenced all aspects of society, including education. Millions of students found themselves adjusting to a new medium of mathematics instruction, not to mention the teachers who had to provide instruction through remote sources. Considering students’ diverse social, economic, and academic background, this study sought to examine teachers’ perspectives on factors that support or hinder how equity is attended to in mathematics during remote instruction and the extent it differed from practices utilized when instruction was provided in a face-to-face setting. We also sought to document teachers’ perspectives on how they attended to equity in mathematics to support students with language barriers. We interviewed nine teachers to explore their perspectives of factors that support or hinder equity in mathematics teaching and learning during remote instruction compared to face-to-face instruction and how they support the diverse needs (inclusive of language barriers) of students. There were salient factors in this study that supported or hindered equitable mathematics instruction, such as teachers’ beliefs, expectations for students, access to resources, students’ socioeconomic status, and language barriers. Hence, it is recommended that policymakers, school administrators, and teachers need to collaborate to systematically plan to ensure that all students have access to quality mathematics.
Dense Short Solution Segments from Monotonic Delayed Arguments
Authors: Walther Hans-Otto
Published: June 2021

We construct a delay functional d on an open subset of the space $$C^1_r=C^1([-r,0],\mathbb {R})$$

C
r
1

=

C
1

(

[
-
r
,
0
]

,
R
)

and find $$h\in (0,r)$$

h
∈
(
0
,
r
)

so that the equation $$\begin{aligned} x'(t)=-x(t-d(x_t)) \end{aligned}$$

x
′

(
t
)

=
-
x

(
t
-
d

(

x
t

)

)

defines a continuous semiflow of continuously differentiable solution operators on the solution manifold $$\begin{aligned} X=\{\phi \in C^1_r:\phi '(0)=-\phi (-d(\phi ))\}, \end{aligned}$$

X
=
{
ϕ
∈

C
r
1

:

ϕ
′

(
0
)

=
-
ϕ

(
-
d

(
ϕ
)

)

}
,

and along each solution the delayed argument $$t-d(x_t)$$

t
-
d
(

x
t

)

is strictly increasing, and there exists a solution whose short segments$$\begin{aligned} x_{t,short}=x(t+\cdot )\in C^2_h,\quad t\ge 0, \end{aligned}$$

x

t
,
s
h
o
r
t

=
x

(
t
+
·
)

∈

C
h
2

,

t
≥
0
,

are dense in an infinite-dimensional subset of the space $$C^2_h$$

C
h
2

. The result supplements earlier work on complicated motion caused by state-dependent delay with oscillatory delayed arguments.
Efficiency comparison of various friction models of a hydraulic cylinder in the framework of multibody system dynamics
Authors: Jaiswal Suraj , Sopanen Jussi , Mikkola Aki
Published: June 2021

Dynamic simulation of mechanical systems can be performed using a multibody system dynamics approach. The approach allows to account systems of other physical nature, such as hydraulic actuators. In such systems, the nonlinearity and numerical stiffness introduced by the friction model of the hydraulic cylinders can be an important aspect to consider in the modeling because it can lead to poor computational efficiency. This paper couples various friction models of a hydraulic cylinder with the equations of motion of a hydraulically actuated multibody system in a monolithic framework. To this end, two static friction models, the Bengisu–Akay model and Brown–McPhee model, and two dynamic friction models, the LuGre model and modified LuGre model, are considered in this work. A hydraulically actuated four-bar mechanism is exemplified as a case study. The four modeling approaches are compared based on the work cycle, friction force, energy balance, and numerical efficiency. It is concluded that the Brown–McPhee approach is numerically the most efficient approach and it is well able to describe usual friction characteristics in dynamic simulation of hydraulically actuated multibody systems.
Person and Disability: Legal Fiction and Living Independently
Authors: Heritier Paolo
Published: June 2021

Without extending the historical analysis, this article analyzes the relationship between the legal concept of person with regard to the notion of living independently. The concept is normatively established in Article 19 of the CRPD and is presented as a legal fiction. The legal technique of fictio iuris is the premise for analyzing contemporary problems, for example, the attribution of responsibilities to non-human personalities, such as robots. The article, however, develops the problem of attributing rights to persons with disabilities. The contraposition of robots and disabled people, understood as opposing visions of anthropological and human models, is part of the philosophical dispute between humanism and post- or transhumanism. The conception of man appears different if created in the image and likeness of God, or as the fruit of evolution from primates, or as a transhumanist entity that can be replaced by the robot. The latter vision is rooted in the mechanization of the mind triggered by cybernetics and cognitive sciences and referable to problems of justice theory and political philosophy concerning the inclusion in society of disabled people. In this article I will limit myself to analyzing, against the background of this complex problem, the link between person, legal fiction and the right to disability starting from the criticism addressed by Nussbaum to Rawls based on the convention and following the methodology developed by Marchisio and Curto in order to clarify the legal connection between thirdness, disability, and person.

However, I go one step further by including the issue of disability as justice within the evolution of the notion of the legal person, through the inclusion of fictio iuris and rhetorical methodology in positive law, as a criterion for the interpretation of art. 19 CRPD.
Hydromorphological and socio-cultural assessment of urban rivers to promote nature-based solutions in Jarabacoa, Dominican Republic
Authors: Pradilla Gonzalo , Lamberty Georg , Hamhaber Johannes
Published: June 2021

In Latin America and the Caribbean, river restoration projects are increasing, but many lack strategic planning and monitoring. We tested the applicability of a rapid visual social–ecological stream assessment method for restoration planning, complemented by a citizen survey on perceptions and uses of blue and green infrastructure. We applied the method at three urban streams in Jarabacoa (Dominican Republic) to identify and prioritize preferred areas for nature-based solutions. The method provides spatially explicit information for strategic river restoration planning, and its efficiency makes it suitable for use in data-poor contexts. It identifies well-preserved, moderately altered, and critically impaired areas regarding their hydromorphological and socio-cultural conditions, as well as demands on green and blue infrastructure. The transferability of the method can be improved by defining reference states for assessing the hydromorphology of tropical rivers, refining socio-cultural parameters to better address river services and widespread urban challenges, and balancing trade-offs between ecological and social restoration goals.
Six shades lighter: a bit-serial implementation of the AES family
Authors: Roldán Lombardía Sergio , Balli Fatih , Banik Subhadeep
Published: June 2021

Recently, cryptographic literature has seen new block cipher designs such as , or that aim to be more lightweight than the current standard, i.e., . Even though family of block ciphers were designed two decades ago, they still remain as the de facto encryption standard, with being the most widely deployed variant. In this work, we revisit the combined one-in-all implementation of the family, namely both encryption and decryption of each as a single ASIC circuit. A preliminary version appeared in Africacrypt 2019 by Balli and Banik, where the authors design a byte-serial circuit with such functionality. We improve on their work by reducing the size of the compact circuit to 2268 GE through 1-bit-serial implementation, which achieves 38% reduction in area. We also report stand-alone bit-serial versions of the circuit, targeting only a subset of modes and versions, e.g., and . Our results imply that, in terms of area, and can easily compete with the larger members of recently designed family, e.g., , . Thus, our implementations can be used interchangeably inside authenticated encryption candidates such as , or in place of .
Towards a classification of rigid product quotient varieties of Kodaira dimension 0
Authors: Bauer Ingrid , Gleissner Christian
Published: June 2021

In this paper the authors study quotients of the product of elliptic curves by a rigid diagonal action of a finite group G. It is shown that only for $$G = {{\,\mathrm{He}\,}}(3), {\mathbb {Z}}_3^2$$

G
=

He

(
3
)

,

Z
3
2

, and only for dimension $$\ge 4$$

≥
4

such an action can be free. A complete classification of the singular quotients in dimension 3 and the smooth quotients in dimension 4 is given. For the other finite groups a strong structure theorem for rigid quotients is proven.
Correction to: Co-producing Psychiatric Education with Service User Educators: a Collective Autobiographical Case Study of the Meaning, Ethics, and Importance of Payment
Authors: Soklaridis Sophie , de Bie Alise , Cooper Rachel Beth , McCullough Kim , McGovern Brenda , Beder Michaela , Bellissimo Gail , Gordon Tucker , Berkhout Suze , Fefergrad Mark , Johnson Andrew , Kalocsai Csilla , Kidd Sean , McNaughton Nancy , Ringsted Charlotte , Wiljer David , Agrawal Sacha
Published: June 2021

A Correction to this paper has been published: 10.1007/s40596-021-01471-6
Optimization of energy consumption and its effect on the energy use efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions of wheat production in Turkey
Authors: Imran Muhammad , Ozcatalbas Orhan
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to model energy use, energy efficiency, and greenhouse gas emissions in rain-fed wheat production by using a nonparametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) method. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with 140 wheat farmers in 4 districts of Antalya Province. The energy inputs (independent variables) were human labor, seeds, chemical fertilizers, herbicides, and diesel fuel, and the energy output was the dependent variable. The results showed that the average energy consumption and the output energy for the studied wheat production system were 21. 07GJ ha−1 and 50. 99 GJ ha−1, respectively, and the total GHG emissions were calculated to be 592.12 kg CO2eq ha−1. Chemical fertilizer has the highest share of energy consumption and total GHG emissions. Based on the results from DEA, the technical efficiency of the farmers was found to be 0.81, while pure technical and scale efficiencies were 0.65 and 0.76, respectively. The results also highlighted that there is a potential opportunity to save approximately 14% (2.93 GJ ha−1) of the total energy consumption and consequently a 17% reduction in GHG emissions by following the optimal amounts of energy consumption while keeping the wheat yield constant. Efficient use of energy and reduction in GHG emissions will lead to resource efficiency and sustainable production, which is the main aim of the green economy.
Removal of steroid hormone micropollutants from water using a membrane composite of UF with permeate side adsorption
Authors: Tagliavini Matteo , Schäfer Andrea I.
Published: June 2021

A novel way of removing micropollutants – especially steroid hormones – from water has been developed in Germany at the Institute for Advanced Membrane Technology (IAMT) of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). As this article shows, it is based on the combination of a polymeric ultrafiltration (UF) membrane and activated carbon. The two resulting separation processes work independently and can be tuned separately, depending on the quality of the water to be treated. Whilst meeting the ambitious requirements for steroid hormone removal, it also has the potential to fulfil the needs of alternative water management strategies.
Only one in four lactating mothers met the minimum dietary diversity score in the pastoral community, Afar region, Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Mulaw Getahun Fentaw , Feleke Fentaw Wassie , Mare Kusse Urmale
Published: June 2021

Maternal dietary feeding practice is one of the proxy indicators of maternal nutrient adequacy and it improves outcomes for both mothers and their offspring. The minimum maternal dietary diversity score of lactating women is defined as when the mother ate at least four and above food groups from the nine food groups 24 h preceding the survey regardless of the portion size. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the minimum dietary diversity score (MDDS) and its predictors among lactating mothers in the Pastoralist community, Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed on 360 lactating mothers using a multi-stage sampling technique from 5 January 2020 to 10 February 2020. Data were collected using questionnaires and anthropometry measurements. Data were entered using EPI-data 4.6.02 and exported into SPSS version 25. Statistical significance was declared at P-value <0⋅05 at multivariable logistic regression. Only one in four lactating mothers met the MDDS. The majority of them consumed cereals in the preceding 24 h of data collection. The most important predictors were maternal meal frequency (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 6⋅26; 95 % confidence interval (CI) (3⋅51, 11⋅15)), antenatal care (ANC) follow-up one to three times and four and above times (AOR: 2⋅58; 95 % CI (1⋅24, 5⋅36), 4⋅77 (1⋅90, 11⋅95), respectively) and secondary paternal education (AOR 2⋅97; 95 % CI (1⋅44, 6⋅11)). The MDDS among lactating mothers was low. Paternal education, maternal meal frequency and ANC follow-up were the significant predictors. Therefore, to improve maternal dietary diversity score emphasis should be given to those predictors.
Doctors, families and the industry in the clinic: the management of ‘intersex’ children in Swiss paediatric medicine (1945–1970)
Authors: Janett Mirjam , Althaus Andrea , Hulverscheidt Marion , Gobet Rita , Streuli Jürg , Condrau Flurin
Published: June 2021

This manuscript investigates clinical decisions and the management of ‘intersex’ children at the University Children’s Hospital Zurich between 1945 and 1970. This was an era of rapid change in paediatric medicine, something that was mirrored in Zurich. Andrea Prader, the principal figure in this paper, started his career during the late 1940s and was instrumental in moving the hospital towards focusing more on expertise in chronic diseases. Starting in 1950, he helped the Zurich hospital to become the premier centre for the treatment of so-called ‘intersex’ children. It is this treatment, and, in particular, the clinical decision-making that is the centre of our article. This field of medicine was itself not stable. Rapid development of diagnostic tools led to the emergence of new diagnostic categories, the availability of new drugs changed the management of the children’s bodies and an increased number of medical experts became involved in decision-making, a particular focus lay with the role of the children themselves and of course with their families. How involved were children or their families in an era widely known as the golden age of medicine?
Colonial Rupture and Native Continuity in Indigenous Cultural Representations: Through Hawaiian Ancient Dance Kahiko
Authors: Misaki Mai
Published: June 2021

This article discusses the role of colonial oppression in creating conflicting perspectives in the reproduction of dance as Indigenous cultural heritage. The debate on kahiko, the ancient Hawaiian dance, of which practice was severely controlled and then revived through the cultural renaissance, demonstrates that the radical deprivation of the practice has created multiple understandings of the dance among different practitioners. Of primary importance in these respects is the intergenerational divide within the dance community, manifest in the critical perspective of the post-renaissance variant of kahiko, which highlights the “continuity” of the practice through the colonial rupture.
Restaging Zhu Yingtai in Early Communist China
Authors: Law Ho Chak
Published: June 2021

In 1953, Shanghai Film Studio produced a Shaoxing opera film version ofThe Butterfly Loversas the first color film of the People’s Republic of China. Noted for its immense popularity in the Sinophone sphere throughout the 1950s, the film actually exemplifies a history of Shaoxing opera that is connected to urbanization and nationalism as well as women’s liberation and the cultural politics of early communist China. It is an early example of how Chinese opera and modern media technology contribute to transnational negotiations and imaginations of Chinese identities.
From State-Building to European Integration: The Role of the Railway Network in the Territorial Integration of Europe, 1850–2020
Authors: Martí-Henneberg Jordi
Published: June 2021

This collection of articles combines a set of works that study the contribution of transport infrastructure to the process of state building in different countries in Western and Central Europe. The focus and the themes treated vary, but have two common denominators: firstly, they are based on either completely original, or previously little-used, primary sources; and secondly, each work reveals new ways of interpreting how transport networks have shaped the territories into which they were introduced. Each article is an example of the wealth of potential approaches available and also helps us to interpret the processes involved in state building, which are a necessary precedent to European Integration (EI). To put the seven works that make up this special issue into context, I shall start this introduction by examining three aspects that complement them. I shall firstly clarify what we mean by EI. Secondly, I shall examine whether EI processes existed prior to the creation of the institutions that were set up after World War II to promote integration. Then, thirdly, and finally, based on the previous analyses, I shall look at the emergence of a railway network in Europe and the role that the European states played in this process. The fourth section will present the articles.
Trainingsprogramm für den Einstieg ins berufsbegleitende Pflegestudium
Authors: Heitmann-Möller André , Hasseler Martina , Weidlich-Wichmann Uta , Quickert Katja , Batzdorfer Ludger
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung. Dieser Artikel beschreibt die Ergebnisse der Evaluation eines Trainingsprogramms für Studierende eines berufsbegleitenden pflegewissenschaftlichen Studiengangs. Es stellt sich die Frage nach dem Ertrag dieser Maßnahme und wie dieser im Kontext pflegewissenschaftlicher Studiengänge eingeordnet werden kann.
Das Leben mit einem Stoma meistern
Authors: Pietzonka Veronika , Boesel Katrin , Marienfeld Ute
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung. In Teil 1 wurden die Situation und Grundlagen einer Stomaanlage beschrieben sowie die Lebensveränderung von Betroffenen und ihren Angehörigen. Die Begleitung der Betroffenen durch Pflegeexpert_innen Stoma, Kontinenz, Wunde (SKW) im Krankenhaus wurde thematisiert. In Teil 2 geht es nun um Informationen, Anleitung und Beratung zum Leben mit dem Stoma während einer Anschlussheilbehandlung und zu Hause.
It Works Without Words
Authors: Blickle Gerhard , Kranefeld Iris , Wihler Andreas , Kückelhaus Bastian P. , Menges Jochen I.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Emotion recognition ability of emotions expressed by other people (ERA-O) can be important for job performance, leadership, bargaining, and career success. Traditional personnel assessment tools of this ability, however, are contaminated by linguistic skills. In a time of global work migration, more and more people speak a language at work that is not their mother tongue. Consequently, we developed and validated the Face-Based Emotion Matching Test (FEMT), a nonlinguistic objective test of ERA-O in gainfully employed adults. We demonstrate the FEMT’s validity with psychological constructs (cognitive and emotional intelligence, Big Five personality traits) and its criterion validity and interethnic fit.
Flexible Adaptation of Leader Behavior
Authors: Gerlach Friederike , Rosing Kathrin , Zacher Hannes
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Based on the model of ambidextrous leadership, we investigated the impact of flexible adaptation of leader behavior, that is, opening and closing leader behaviors, on innovative performance in a laboratory experiment. Leader behaviors were manipulated with confederates attending to one participant showing either no leadership, a sequential, or a flexible application of opening and closing leader behaviors. We hypothesized that flexible adaptation leads to better innovation performance. N = 93 participants took part and received one leadership manipulation. We did not find significant effects. These findings suggest that the effects of ambidextrous leadership might not be as strong as previously expected. Nonetheless, this study provides a manipulation of flexible leadership in a controlled setting, which is important to provide causal evidence.
Assessing Eddying (1/12°) Ocean Reanalysis GLORYS12 Using the 14‐yr Instrumental Record From 59.5°N Section in the Atlantic
Authors: Verezemskaya Polina , Barnier Bernard , Gulev Sergey K. , Gladyshev Sergey , Molines Jean‐Marc , Gladyshev Vsevolod , Lellouche Jean‐Michel , Gavrikov Alexander
Published: June 2021

The eddy‐resolving (1/12°) global ocean reanalysis GLORYS12 is assessed against 14 years (2002–2015) of independent hydrographic observations collected at 59.5°N in the North Atlantic. Two multi‐observations statistical analyses, ISAS‐15 and ARMOR‐3D, and an eddy‐permitting (1/4°) reanalysis, GLORYS025, also contribute to this comparison. The mean thermohaline structure along the 59.5°N section revealed by the observations is well‐reproduced by GLORYS12, except for the overflow waters. A good agreement with observations is found for linear trends over the whole period, exhibiting a dipole‐like pattern with a cooling/freshening in the main thermocline and a warming/salinization below. However, localized discrepancies with observations suggest the need for improvement in the reanalysis system (especially in the overflows representation and the consistency between the forcing and data assimilation system) and the deep observational array. The reanalysis reliably represents the ocean heat content in the upper 700‐m layer but shows significant differences with observations between 700 and 2,000 m. The meridional volume and heat transports across the 59.5°N section are compared for years when ADCP observations were available. The reanalysis does not reproduce the variability observed in the western boundary current but agrees well with observed transports in the other parts of the section. The reanalysis reproduces the major mesoscale eddy features that contribute to the meridional transport and provides the large‐scale context of their location. The analysis of time correlation at all measurement points demonstrated that GLORYS12 is the most accurate among the analyzed datasets used in this study to represent and explain the observed ocean characteristics and variability along that section.
Prioritization framework for improving the value of care for very low birth weight and very preterm infants
Authors: King Brian C. , Richardson Troy , Patel Ravi M. , Lee Henry C. , Bamat Nicolas A. , Hall Matthew , Slaughter Jonathan L.
Published: June 2021

Objective

Create a prioritization framework for value-based improvement in neonatal care.

Study design

A retrospective cohort study of very low birth weight (<1500 g) and/or very preterm (<32 weeks) infants discharged between 2012 and 2019 using the Pediatric Health Information System Database. Resource use was compared across hospitals and adjusted for patient-level differences. A prioritization score was created combining cost, patient exposure, and inter-hospital variability to rank resource categories.

Results

Resource categories with the greatest cost, patient exposure, and inter-hospital variability were parenteral nutrition, hematology (lab testing), and anticoagulation (for central venous access and therapy), respectively. Based on our prioritization score, parenteral nutrition was identified as the highest priority overall.

Conclusions

We report the development of a prioritization score for potential value-based improvement in neonatal care. Our findings suggest that parenteral nutrition, central venous access, and high-volume laboratory and imaging modalities should be priorities for future comparative effectiveness and quality improvement efforts.
Long non-coding RNA Lnc-408 promotes invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cell by regulating LIMK1
Authors: Qiao Yina , Jin Ting , Guan Shengdong , Cheng Shaojie , Wen Siyang , Zeng Huan , Zhao Maojia , Yang Liping , Wan Xueying , Qiu Yuxiang , Li Qiao , Liu Manran , Hou Yixuan
Published: June 2021

Invasion and metastasis are the leading causes of death in patients with breast cancer (BC), and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) plays an essential role in this process. Here, we found that Lnc-408, a novel long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), is significantly upregulated in BC cells undergoing EMT and in BC tumor with lymphatic metastases compared with those without lymphatic metastases. Lnc-408 can enhance BC invasion and metastasis by regulating the expression of LIMK1. Mechanistically, Lnc-408 serves as a sponge for miR-654-5p to relieve the suppression of miR-654-5p on its target LIMK1. Knockdown or knockout of Lnc-408 in invasive BC cells clearly decreased LIMK1 levels, and ectopic Lnc-408 in MCF-7 cells increased LIMK1 expression to promote cell invasion. Lnc-408-mediated enhancement of LIMK1 plays a key role in cytoskeletal stability and promotes invadopodium formation in BC cells via p-cofilin/F-actin. In addition, the increased LIMK1 also facilitates the expression of MMP2, ITGB1, and COL1A1 by phosphorylating CREB. In conclusion, our findings reveal that Lnc-408 promotes BC invasion and metastasis via the Lnc-408/miR-654-5p/LIMK1 axis, highlighting a novel promising target for the diagnosis and treatment of BC.
Genetic underpinnings of affective temperaments: a pilot GWAS investigation identifies a new genome-wide significant SNP for anxious temperament in ADGRB3 gene
Authors: Gonda Xenia , Eszlari Nora , Torok Dora , Gal Zsofia , Bokor Janos , Millinghoffer Andras , Baksa Daniel , Petschner Peter , Antal Peter , Breen Gerome , Juhasz Gabriella , Bagdy Gyorgy
Published: June 2021

Although recently a large-sample GWASs identified significant loci in the background of depression, the heterogeneity of the depressive phenotype and the lack of accurate phenotyping hinders applicability of findings. We carried out a pilot GWAS with in-depth phenotyping of affective temperaments, considered as subclinical manifestations and high-risk states for affective disorders, in a general population sample of European origin. Affective temperaments were measured by TEMPS-A. SNP-level association was assessed by linear regression models, assuming an additive genetic effect, using PLINK1.9. Gender, age, the first ten principal components (PCs) and the other four temperaments were included in the regression models as covariates. SNP-level relevances (p-values) were aggregated to gene level using the PEGASUS method1. In SNP-based tests, a Bonferroni-corrected significance threshold of p ≤ 5.0 × 10−8 and a suggestive significance threshold of p ≤ 1.0 × 10−5, whereas in gene-based tests a Bonferroni-corrected significance of 2.0 × 10−6 and a suggestive significance of p ≤ 4.0 × 10−4 was established. To explore known functional effects of the most significant SNPs, FUMA v1.3.5 was used. We identified 1 significant and 21 suggestively significant SNPs in ADGRB3, expressed in the brain, for anxious temperament. Several other brain-relevant SNPs and genes emerged at suggestive significance for the other temperaments. Functional analyses reflecting effect on gene expression and participation in chromatin interactions also pointed to several genes expressed in the brain with potentially relevant phenotypes regulated by our top SNPs. Our findings need to be tested in larger GWA studies and candidate gene analyses in well-phenotyped samples in relation to affective disorders and related phenotypes.
Transcriptome-(phospho)proteome characterization of brain of a germline model of cytoplasmic-predominant Pten expression with autism-like phenotypes
Authors: Thacker Stetson , Eng Charis
Published: June 2021

PTEN has a strong Mendelian association with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), representing a special case in autism’s complex genetic architecture. Animal modeling for constitutional Pten mutation creates an opportunity to study how disruption of Pten affects neurobiology and glean potential insight into ASD pathogenesis. Subsequently, we comprehensively characterized the neural (phospho)proteome of Ptenm3m4/m3m4 mice, which exhibits cytoplasmic-predominant Pten expression, by applying mass spectrometry technology to their brains at two-weeks- (P14) and six-weeks-of-age (P40). The differentially expressed/phosphorylated proteins were subjected to gene enrichment, pathway, and network analyses to assess the affected biology. We identified numerous differentially expressed/phosphorylated proteins, finding greater dysregulation at P40 consistent with prior transcriptomic data. The affected pathways were largely related to PTEN function or neurological processes, while scant direct overlap was found across datasets. Network analysis pointed to ASD risk genes like Pten and Psd-95 as major regulatory hubs, suggesting they likely contribute to initiation or maintenance of cellular and perhaps organismal phenotypes related to ASD.
The prevalence, genetic complexity and population-specific founder effects of human autosomal recessive disorders
Authors: Xiao Qingyang , Lauschke Volker M.
Published: June 2021

Autosomal recessive (AR) disorders pose a significant burden for public health. However, despite their clinical importance, epidemiology and molecular genetics of many AR diseases remain poorly characterized. Here, we analyzed the genetic variability of 508 genes associated with AR disorders based on sequencing data from 141,456 individuals across seven ethnogeographic groups by integrating variants with documented pathogenicity from ClinVar, with stringent functionality predictions for variants with unknown pathogenicity. We first validated our model using 85 diseases for which population-specific prevalence data were available and found that our estimates strongly correlated with the respective clinically observed disease frequencies (r = 0.68; p < 0.0001). We found striking differences in population-specific disease prevalence with 101 AR diseases (27%) being limited to specific populations, while an additional 305 diseases (68%) differed more than tenfold across major ethnogeographic groups. Furthermore, by analyzing genetic AR disease complexity, we confirm founder effects for cystic fibrosis and Stargardt disease, and provide strong evidences for >25 additional population-specific founder mutations. The presented analyses reveal the molecular genetics of AR diseases with unprecedented resolution and provide insights into epidemiology, complexity, and population-specific founder effects. These data can serve as a powerful resource for clinical geneticists to inform population-adjusted genetic screening programs, particularly in otherwise understudied ethnogeographic groups.
Optimal teleportation via noisy quantum channels without additional qubit resources
Authors: Im Dong-Gil , Lee Chung-Hyun , Kim Yosep , Nha Hyunchul , Kim M. S. , Lee Seung-Woo , Kim Yoon-Ho
Published: June 2021

Quantum teleportation exemplifies how the transmission of quantum information starkly differs from that of classical information and serves as a key protocol for quantum communication and quantum computing. While an ideal teleportation protocol requires noiseless quantum channels to share a pure maximally entangled state, the reality is that shared entanglement is often severely degraded due to various decoherence mechanisms. Although the quantum noise induced by the decoherence is indeed a major obstacle to realizing a near-term quantum network or processor with a limited number of qubits, the methodologies considered thus far to address this issue are resource-intensive. Here, we demonstrate a protocol that allows optimal quantum teleportation via noisy quantum channels without additional qubit resources. By analyzing teleportation in the framework of generalized quantum measurement, we optimize the teleportation protocol for noisy quantum channels. In particular, we experimentally demonstrate that our protocol enables to teleport an unknown qubit even via a single copy of an entangled state under strong decoherence that would otherwise preclude any quantum operation. Our work provides a useful methodology for practically coping with decoherence with a limited number of qubits and paves the way for realizing noisy intermediate-scale quantum computing and quantum communication.