bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementing Digital Multimodal Composing in L2 Writing
Authors: Xujie Fan
Published: April 2023

L2 writing has been embedded in digital technology and broadened into digital multimodal composing. Recent research has emphasized the composing process and the effects of feedback, but few on L2 writers' engagement with feedback. Therefore, with the multi-draft approach, the research investigated two English majors' responses to peer and video feedback. First, from their first drafts and peer checklists, the author analyzed the salient problems of their multimodal texts. Then, the researcher explored how they respond to feedback form their drafts and interview responses. The findings suggest some problems including overuse of texts, visual disharmony, and “disconnection” from the audience. Besides, the study reveals a complex relationship among three engagement dimensions, manifested in interconnectedness and inconsistencies. Meanwhile, learner engagement with feedback is mediated by individual and contextual factors. The findings contribute insights into understanding L2 writers' engagement with feedback.
Evidence of mysid swarm behaviour (Crustacea: Malacostraca) from the Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) of Hakel, Lebanon
Authors: Pasini Giovanni , Garassino Alessandro
Published: April 2023

A mass mortality assemblage of mysid crustaceans is herein reported from the Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) sublithographic limestone of Hakel (Lebanon). The studied specimens documented a mass mortality event attesting mysid swarm behaviour, herein briefly described and discussed. Though their poor preservation does not allow a specific assignment, this new record is remarkable, resulting the first formal report of Mysida Boas 1883 (Crustacea, Malacostraca) from the rich crustacean fossil fauna from the Late Cretaceous of Lebanon and from the worldwide Cretaceous record.
Epithelial expression of epithelia-cadherin in different grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kar Debkamal , Banerjee Sohini
Published: April 2023

Background:

The incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been increasing day by day in the Southeast Asian countries. There is variation in the incidence rates in various parts of the world, with the highest recorded in Southeast Asian countries such as Sri Lanka, India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan. The survival rate for OSCC has remained generally unchanged in the past three decades, underlining the need for more biomarkers to be developed to aid prognostication and effective treatment planning and management. The prognostic potential of epithelia-cadherin (E-cadherin) expression in OSCCs has been variable in previous studies has been correlated with improved prognosis in other cancers. The aim of the present study was to investigate and analyze the expression of E-cadherin in different histopathological grades OSCC, to understand its potential as prognostic biomarker of most common oral cancer.

Materials and Methods:

E-cadherin expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in 35 cases of OSCC of the buccal mucosa and 5 of normal buccal mucosa.

Results:

In our study, E-cadherin expression appeared in widely differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (130.75 ± 30.64) moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (123.66 ± 13.17), and poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (88.52 ± 30.11).

Conclusions:

E-cadherin expression is reduced with higher grades of OSCC. However, the present results suggest that E-cadherin expression may be useful as prognostic markers for OSCC.
Coculture method for in vitro cultivation of uncultured oral bacteria
Authors: Kusugal Preethi , Bhat Kishore G , Ingalagi Preeti , Patil Sanjivani , Pattar Geeta
Published: April 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of the study is to culture uncultured oral bacteria with helper strains using the coculture method from the subgingival plaque samples of chronic periodontitis patients.

Materials and Methods:

The samples were processed and inoculated on a blood agar medium enriched with hemin and Vitamin K. A helper strain Propionibacterium acnes (ATCC 6919) was cross-streaked across the inoculums to facilitate coculture. The plates were then incubated for 7 days with subsequent subculturing and further incubation.

Results:

Satellite colonies around helper strain showed one colony type of Porphyromonas gingivalis, one was of nonpigmented Prevotella, three were of Fusobacterium nucleatum and five isolates remained unidentified.

Conclusions:

Coculture could be used effectively as one of the methods in the isolation and in vitro cultivation of oral bacteria. Incubation using the anaerobic jar technique was found to be economical and efficient for the growth of anaerobic oral bacteria.
Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy of maxilla
Authors: Chillal Monica , Menon Suresh , Archana S , Sham M. E.
Published: April 2023

Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI) is a rare, fast-growing, pigmented neoplasm of neural crest origin. Despite of its rapid and locally infiltrative growth, it is still considered benign with high recurrence rate and malignant potential, so early diagnosis is extremely important to limit its local expansion. Recurrences can be expected primarily because of incomplete excision, tumor dissemination, or due to its multicentric nature. We report a case of MNTI originating in the maxilla of a 7-month-old male infant, which was managed with complete surgical excision of the tumor, with no signs of recurrence after a 1-year follow-up period. In addition, a complete literature review has been reported, in an attempt to understand the origin, histopathologic and immunohistochemistry features with surgical modalities and advantages of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in cases where complete surgical extirpation is questionable.
Salivary amylase crystalloids in Warthin's tumor
Authors: Hota Subhransu Kumar , Giri Ranjana , Sharma Tarun , Senapati Urmila
Published: April 2023

Crystalloids may be seen in a variety of salivary gland lesions, but their presence is not common. Among various types of crystalloids, amylase crystalloids are usually found in benign lesions of the salivary gland. Here, we report a case of a 76-year-old male with swelling on the angle of the mandible left side for 15 days. Local examination showed a solitary soft-to-firm swelling of size 4.7 cm × 4.1 cm × 2.8 cm. Ultrasonography (USG) showed a well-defined cystic lesion with the solid component. Fine-needle aspiration cytology cytosmears showed predominantly mixed inflammatory cells; few epithelial cell clusters with numerous crystalloids which are rectangular to rhomboid shape with nonparallel sides. Cytological features are suggestive of benign cystic sialadenitis with amylase crystalloids. However, after 3 months of follow-up, as the swelling did not subside, excisional biopsy was done and histopathology showed features of Warthin's tumor with crystalloids. The presence of amylase crystalloids in any type of salivary gland lesion with cystic change; multiple aspirations followed by histopathological examination should be done to rule out neoplastic etiology.
Immunotherapy
Authors: Sahu Manisha , Suryawanshi Hemakumari
Published: April 2023

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are one of the most common cancers worldwide. A large number of patients are diagnosed with locally advanced disease and require multimodal treatment approaches. Standard treatment modalities ranging from surgery to chemotherapy and radiation are yielding mixed results. To overcome this hurdle, newer innovative approaches are required to reduce the morbidity and mortality of the patients. In the last few decades, immunotherapy has become an important part of treating some types of cancer. The immune system plays a key role in the development, establishment and progression of HNSCC. A greater understanding of the dysregulation and evasion of the immune system in the evolution and progression of HNSCC provides the basis for improved therapies and outcomes for patients. Newer types of immune treatments are now being studied, and they will impact how we treat cancer in the future. This article provides a brief overview of the current immunotherapeutic strategies for cancer with emphasis on HNSCC.
A case of progressive systemic sclerosis/lupus overlap syndrome
Authors: Ramya R , Swarnalakshmi R , Preethi Arunachalam , Pradeep R
Published: April 2023

An overlap syndrome is a medical condition which shares features of at least two more widely recognized disorders. Autoimmune connective tissue diseases include systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), scleroderma, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, rheumatoid arthritis and Sjögren's syndrome where overlap syndrome most commonly seen in combination with SLE and systemic sclerosis (SSc). Sjogren's is an autoimmune exocrinopathy, in which systemic diseases such as arthritis, interstitial lung disease and renal disease may develop in addition to the pathognomonic features such as dry eyes and mouth. The other associated disease with Sjogren's includes sialadenitis. Sialadenitis of the parotid gland is one of the major disorders of salivary gland. This article presents a rare case report of a patient diagnosed with sialadenitis of the parotid gland and associated with progressive SSc/lupus overlap syndrome and secondary Sjogren's.
A case of chronic myeloid leukemia presenting as oral ulcers
Authors: Telagi Neethu , Mujib Ahmed B R
Published: April 2023

The oral signs and symptoms may reflect undetected serious systemic diseases. Depending on the oral manifestation, the dentists and physicians make attention and focusing on specific diagnoses. Here, we represent one such case which was diagnosed after oral signs and symptoms followed by peripheral smear report as chronic myeloid leukemia. Leukemia is among the most prevalent neoplasia, which represents between 30% and 51% of that total. Leukemia is characterized by uncontrolled production of immature white blood cells, causing a series of clinical and oral manifestations, which are important in disease diagnosis. Due to their clinical importance, all such lesions deserve the full attention of dental doctors. Early detection of leukemia is very important because it provides a favorable prognosis.
Plexiform neurofibroma with nevus of ota-rare presentation
Authors: Taneja Lavina , Dokwal Sushil Kumar , Prajapat Jyoti , Arya Vishal
Published: April 2023

Plexiform neurofibroma (PNF) is a rare form of neurofibromatosis type 1 which is rarely seen isolated. This generally spreads along the peripheral nerve and may affect some nervous rami. This is a poorly circumscribed and locally invasive tumor. About 21% of patients with NF-I are affected with PNFs. The nevus of Ota also called oculodermal melanocytosis is a macular discoloration of the face. It is most commonly found in the Japanese and very rare in the Indian subcontinent. It is unilateral oculodermal melanosis along the first two branches of the trigeminal nerve. We hereby present a very rare case of occurrence of isolated PNF (not associated with neurofibromatosis type 1) along with nevus of ota of the left side of the face in a 28-year-old female with thorough radiographic work up.
What preventive strategies do dentists prescribe for dental caries prevention? – A KAP survey
Authors: Bramhecha Astha , Datta Jogikalmatkrithika , Balasubramaniam Arthi
Published: April 2023

Background:

Dentists play an important role in caries prevention by delivering preventive care, educating patients, and buying related products; it is critical to recognize what they know and believe about caries prevention, as well as how they use caries prevention interventions.

Materials and Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in South India between January 2021 and February 2021 to determine the dentists' knowledge, attitude, and practice of prescribing preventive strategies and remineralizing agents for caries prevention. A questionnaire including 11 self-administered, prestructured questions was made and distributed through electronic media. Chi-square test was done. The test significance value was taken as 0.05.

Results:

A total of 252 dental practitioners participated in the study. The majority of general dentists and specialists followed all the measures such as pit and fissure sealants, fluoride application, counseling patients about oral hygiene maintenance, and regular recall after 6 months to 1 year (P > 0.05). Fluoridated remineralization strategy was found to be the most prescribed (69%) strategy for caries prevention. A significant number of dentists think fluoridated mineralization strategies will remain prevalent (P < 0.05). Younger dentists find practicing preventive dentistry more feasible compared to dentists with greater years of experience (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Dentists across the country are well aware, have sufficient knowledge, and prescribe preventive strategies such as fluoride application, pit and fissure sealants, regular oral health checkups, and counsel the patients about the importance of oral health but there is a lack of implementation of these preventive strategies in everyday practice.
Microscopic appearances of commonly implanted food particles
Authors: Krishnan Reshma Poothakulath , Ramani Pratibha , Gheena S. , Ramasubramanian Abilasha , Karunagaran Monika , Hannah R.
Published: April 2023

Background:

Pathologists come across various structures in the microscopic sections that are unrelated to the tissues. Artifacts can occur in the tissue from the time the area is prepared for biopsy, during fixation, grossing, processing, sectioning and staining of the specimen. Food substances may get entrapped into the oral tissues and can lead to misdiagnosis. The aim of this study was to observe the microscopic appearances of commonly implanted food particles.

Methods:

Fourteen food samples were procured from a local market in Chennai, India. This included guava, chilli, chickpeas, channa dal (split chickpeas), cucumber, brinjal, carrot, capsicum, cabbage and urad dal and brown chickpea. The food samples were fixed in 10% formalin for 24 h and were subsequently processed. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed, and the sections were observed under the microscope.

Results:

Each specimen revealed unique, distinct histology of each food type. Channa dal microscopically in hematoxylin- and eosin-stained sections revealed round-to-oval structures with central pale eosinophilic lobulation. Capsicum showed round-to-polygonal structures of different shapes and sizes with clear central areas. Urad dal microscopically showed cluster of 5–6 eosinophilic structures separated by regular partitions.

Conclusion:

It is important to study the microscopic appearances of commonly implanted food particles to prevent any diagnostic dilemmas. Further studies are required involving various other food particles and their microscopic appearances.
Sinonasal mass lesions
Authors: Mandal Ankita P. , Saha Rama , Das Chhanda , Sengupta Arunabha
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

The worldwide annual incidence of carcinomas of the sinonasal tract is 0.5 to 1.0 patients per 100,000 per year. P63 plays a role in epithelial development and is used as a marker for basal and myoepithelial cells. Expression of p16 occurs as a result of functional inactivation of the retinoblastoma protein (pRb) by the human papilloma virus (HPV) E7 protein.

Aims:

This study aims to study the histological spectrum of benign and malignant sinonasal mass lesions and to study the immunohistochemical expression of p63 in different type of sinonasal mass lesions. It also aims to ascertain the incidence of high-risk HPV in primary sinonasal mass lesions with p16 immunohistochemistry and delineate the histological spectrum of HPV-related sinonasal lesions.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 80 cases from June 2018 to June 2020 at a tertiary care hospital. Clinical history including demographic parameters were collected in the study proforma. The gross findings of the specimens noted and histopathological examination by H&E staining done. Immunohistochemistry staining for p63 and p16 expression was performed on all cases.

Results:

Most common age group affected was 41–60 years with male:female ratio of 1.67:1. Nonneoplastic lesions (38.7%) comprised majority of the cases followed by benign neoplastic lesions (31.3%) and malignant neoplastic lesions (30%). Among the malignant neoplastic lesions, p63 showed positive expression in 75% (p = 0.005) and p16 showed positive expression in 41.7% (p = 0.023). Among benign and nonneoplastic lesions, p63 showed positivity in 21.4% (p = 0.000) and p16 showed positivity in 44.6% (p = 0.040).

Conclusion:

We analyzed p63 and p16 expression in varied lineages like carcinomas, papillomas, and neuroectodermal differentiation arising from the sinonasal tract and also in relation to other clinicopathological parameters. This study revealed p63 expression was associated more with the squamous cell carcinomas and nasopharyngeal carcinomas. Sinonasal tract malignancies are also associated with HPV infections that are identifiable by p16 immunostaining and, thus, could provide new prospects in identifying any definite biological and clinical characteristics associated with HPV as well as advancement in the targeted therapies for this patient population.
Estimation of salivary and serum CYFRA 21-1 levels in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Adusumilli Praveena , Babburi Suresh , Venigalla Aparna , Benarji Kotti Ajay , Sai Surapaneni Keerthi , Soujanya Pinisetti
Published: April 2023

Background:

Cytokeratins are the largest sub-group of intermediate filaments and represent the most abundant proteins in epithelial cells. CYFRA 21-1 (human cytokeratin fragment antigen 21-1) is a soluble fragment of cytokeratin 19 known to increase in various malignancies.

Aim:

The present study is aimed to estimate salivary and serum levels of CYFRA 21-1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients and to compare them with healthy controls.

Settings and Design:

A prospective, case-control study.

Material and Methods:

This study included a total of 80 subjects, comprising 40 OSCC patients and 40 healthy controls. Saliva and blood samples were collected from the study population, and serum and salivary CYFRA 21-1 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The statistical tests applied were independent t-test, ANOVA test for comparison, and Post hoc test for correlation. A P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

A statistically significant increase in salivary and serum CYFRA 21-1 levels was observed between OSCC and control groups and with an increase in the pathological tumour node metastasis stage and histopathological grade of OSCC. On correlating salivary and serum CYFRA 21-1 values, there were 3-fold higher salivary levels than serum.

Conclusion:

CYFRA 21-1 can be suggested as a tumour marker that can be used for the early diagnosis of the OSCC. Further prospective studies with a larger sample size and advanced techniques recommended before CYFRA 21-1 can be recommended for routine clinical use.
Detection and comparison of prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis through culture and Real Time-polymerase chain reaction in subgingival plaque samples of chronic periodontitis and healthy individuals
Authors: Ingalagi Preeti , Bhat Kishore G , Kulkarni R. D. , Kotrashetti Vijayalakshmi S. , Kumbar Vijay , Kugaji Manohar
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

The micro-flora of oral cavity is a myriad of micro-organism. Any infection of oral cavity leads to diseased condition which is a transitional transformation of the micro-organism in a specific paradigm depending upon the diseased condition. Periodontitis is one of the predominant chronic diseases which is a multifactorial infection. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a key etiological agent in causing periodontitis. To study the predominance of these bacteria in the diseased condition is important to detect, quantify and to find its efficacy by comparing different methods for identification.

Aim and Objectives:

The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of P. gingivalis by anerobic culture and by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from subgingival plaque samples of chronic periodontitis and healthy individual and to compare efficacy of two methods.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 400 subjects were considered, and subgingival plaque was collected using paper points. Individual were equally divided into two groups: chronic periodontitis (200) and healthy individuals (200). Each plaque sample collected was divided into two aliquots of which the first aliquot was subjected for anerobic culture to isolate P. gingivalis. Phenotypical identification was done morphologically and biochemically further quantification of P. gingivalis was done by colony-forming unit. The second aliquot was subjected for DNA extraction and real-time PCR was conducted to detect and quantify P. gingivalis using specific primer.

Results:

Out of 400 samples, 73% showed detection of P. gingivalis by culture method and through reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), the detection was 75%. Individual detection of P. gingivalis by culture in chronic periodontitis was 89.5% and 54.4% in healthy individuals, while detection by RT-PCR was found to be 91.5% in chronic periodontitis and 58% in healthy individuals. However, comparison between two techniques in detection of P. gingivalis was statistically insignificant.

Conclusion:

When we compared RT-PCR with culture RT-PCR showed higher positivity. RT-PCR is more sensitive and requires less time to detect. However, in the present study, culture also showed good positivity, suggesting proper dilution and with extended incubation, the specificity of culture can be improved to a great extent.
Immunohistochemical expression of putative cancer stem cell markers aldehyde dehydrogenase 1, SOX2, CD44 and OCT4 in different grades of oral epithelial dysplasia
Authors: Thankappan Prasanth , Augustine Percy Ida , Shaga I Bevin , Nirmal R Madhavan , Joseph T Isaac , Girish KL
Published: April 2023

Objectives:

The hypothesized existence of cancer stem cells (CSC) and its markers aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), CD44, SOX2 and OCT4 in oral dysplastic tissues provides the potential for a more reliable assessment of malignant transformation of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED). Thus, the present study is intended to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of four different CSC markers ALDH1, CD44, SOX2 and OCT4 in different grades of OED and to investigate the co-expression of these putative stem cell markers in OED.

Subjects and Methods:

A total of 35 samples of varying grades of OED which included 7 mild, 11 moderate and 17 severe dysplasia samples and 10 samples of normal oral mucosa without dysplasia were used. Four sections each from all 45 samples were stained with ALDH1, CD44, SOX2 and OCT4, respectively, by immunohistochemistry. The acquired data were analyzed and evaluated using the Chi-square test and unpairedt-test and theP< 0.05 was taken significant.

Results:

ALDH1 and SOX2 expression percentages showed statistically significant differences among study groups (P< 0.05). Statistical comparison of percentage expression of CD44 and OCT4 between OED and normal was nonsignificant (P> 0.05). Co-expression of all four markers was found in 15 cases of OED with none of the normal cases showing co-expression.

Conclusion:

The expression of CSC markers in OED and normal mucosa differs significantly with co-expression of all four markers located only in dysplastic tissues. Until now, no single protein marker has been able to unequivocally identify the CSCs. Thus, a panel of putative CSC markers will help in identifying the patients with high risk for malignant transformation in OED.
Immunohistochemical expression of paxillin in potentially malignant disorders and squamous cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Alam Shakir , Astekar Madhusudan S , Sapra Gaurav , Agarwal Ashutosh , Agarwal Aditi Murari , Vishnu Rao Sowmya Gujjar
Published: April 2023

Background:

Cell adhesion molecules are essential to maintain the integrity of stratified squamous epithelium but their expression has to be dynamic to aid the mobility and turnover of cells. Paxillin is one such multi-domain protein which integrates numerous signals from cell surface receptors, integrins and growth factors. It thus functions as a regulator of various physiological and pathological processes including tissue remodeling, cell motility, gene expression, matrix organization, cell proliferation, metastasis and survival. Hence, the assessment of paxillin expression in normal control, potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma patients was carried out.

Material and Methods:

The present retrospective study comprised of 20 each clinically and histologically confirmed case of normal control, potentially malignant disorders, and oral squamous cell carcinomas. All the slides were stained immunohistochemically using Paxillin antibody.

Results:

The localization, staining intensity and percentage of positivity for paxillin expression was statistically significant among normal control and potentially malignant disorders, whereas oral squamous cell carcinoma showed a non-significant difference. Upon comparison of histopathological grading of potentially malignant disorders, mild versus severe and moderate versus severe epithelial dysplasia showed a statistical significant difference among all the parameters of paxillin expression. However, WDSCC & MDSCC a statistically significant difference among localization and staining intensity of paxillin.

Conclusion:

Paxillin may play an important role in pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma by altering the adhesive properties of the tumor cells interacting with the extracellular matrix which in turn affects their invasive behavior and histologic differentiation.
Comparative evaluation of prevalence and phenotypic variations of Candida species in patients of oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions with healthy individuals - A prospective microbiological study
Authors: Sarkate Priyadarshani R , Pathak Jigna Rakesh , Patel Shilpa , Swain Niharika , Sahu Nikita K
Published: April 2023

Context:

Candida isolates might exaggerate the development and advancement of oral lichen planus (OLP) alone or together with other factors. There is a differing pathogenic potential of various Candida species. Since Candida species isolated from OLP and oral lichenoid lesions (OLL) have shown to be resistant to commonly used antifungal agents, identification of Candida species may play a pivotal role in its successful clinical management.

Aim:

The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the prevalence and phenotypic variations of Candida species in patients of OLP and OLL with healthy controls.

Subjects and Methods:

This prospective microbiological study was conducted in the institution using indirect microscopic examination. The sample comprised of 40 clinicohistopathologically diagnosed cases of the study group (OLP and OLL) and 40 cases of control group (healthy individuals).

Statistical Analysis Used:

The data collected was statistically analyzed using the Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test with the SPSS 20.00 software.

Results:

The prevalence of Candida albicans was higher in the control group (28.10%) as compared to the study group (24.60%) and this difference was statistically significant. An increased frequency of non C. albicans species was seen in the study group, in decreasing order of Candida glabrata (40.70%), Candida tropicalis (22.20%), Candida krusei (22.20%) and Candida guilliermondii (3.70%), as compared to the control group.

Conclusion:

Non C. albicans species were the predominant pathogens associated with the study (OLP + OLL) group. It is important to identify the infecting strains of Candida because isolates of Candida species differ widely, both in their ability to cause infection and also in their susceptibility of resistance to antifungal agents. Thus, phenotypic speciation of Candida is emerging as a necessary trend to highlight the need of administering appropriate antifungal therapy.
Lipoid proteinosis
Authors: Shah Jigna S , Shah Himali A
Published: April 2023

Lipoid proteinosis (LP) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the deposition of amorphous hyaline material in the dermis and submucosal connective tissue. To date <500 cases of LP have been described and oral manifestations described in a very few reports. Indian cases are much less reported and reviewed. Hence, here review of 51 Indian LP cases along with a case of histologically proven LP in 12-year-old male patient with typical skin, ocular, laryngeal, oral and radiographic features is done. Cases from 1969 to 2021 were collected using keyword LP on google and google scholar and Indian cases were analyzed afterward. Review with case presentation regarding oral manifestations will help the oral physician to diagnose LP in early stage.
Comparative evaluation of fluconazole and clotrimazole in treatment of oral candidiasis
Authors: Madane Pragati C , Choudary A Sailaja , Deepak T A , Abhinethra M S , Upasana L , Balaji Ruthvik
Published: April 2023

Context:

Oral candidiasis is the most common opportunistic infection affecting the oral mucosa. Most commonly, the lesions are caused by Candida albicans and other organisms isolated are Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis and Candida dubliniensis. As an opportunistic infection, it is seen affecting the young, old and debilitating people. This infection is seen to be enervative, exhausting and crippling; a few routinely employed antifungal agents are used in our study.

Aims:

We aimed to compare the clinical and mycological effectiveness of topical fluconazole and clotrimazole in the treatment of oral candidiasis.

Settings and Design:

A total of 40 subjects were taken and randomly divided into two groups of 20 each. Group 1 included patients treated with topical clotrimazole and Group 2 included patients treated with topical fluconazole.

Subjects and Methods:

Patients were graded according to severity, and swab was taken for species identification and colony count. Patients were treated with clotrimazole and fluconazole according to their group they were also assessed post treatment for clinical signs and colony count changes.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Data were analyzed using the statistical package SPSS 22.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), and the level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Descriptive statistics was performed to assess the mean and standard deviation of the respective groups.

Results:

The clinical resolution rate of 80% and 100% was noted in the clotrimazole and fluconazole groups, respectively. The mycological cure rate of 82.52% and 86.38% was noted in the clotrimazole and fluconazole groups, respectively. Statistically significant results were obtained in clinical resolution rates and no significant results were obtained when mycological cure rates were compared.

Conclusions:

We conclude that the clinical cure rate of fluconazole is slightly better than clotrimazole while mycological cure rate was approximately similar.
Evaluation of effects of essential oil vapors on the bacterial count in bioaerosols
Authors: Shetty Vishwaprakash , Varalakshmi K Sri , Prakash A Jacob , Lakshmi M Vijaya , Harsha M
Published: April 2023

Background:

The aerosols generated during dental treatments contain bacteria and other microorganisms that penetrate the body through the respiratory system of dental surgeons and cause infectious diseases. Several studies have been done to reduce these hazards. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of the plant extract essential oil (EO) vapors of Neem, Clove, Cinnamon bark, Thyme, Lemon Grass, and Eucalyptus on the bacterial count in bioaerosols near dental units.

Materials and Methods:

Sampling was taken on nutrient blood agar plates by placing them open near dental units using passive air sampling method, before commencement of treatment for 1 h, during treatments for 2 h, and after introducing EO vapors for 2 h. The collected samples were taken for incubation at 37°C for 48 h. The colonies formed were counted in colony-forming units per cubic meter and taken for statistical analysis.

Results:

After comparing the obtained results, it was found that there was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the bacterial count for about 43% near the dental units after the introduction of the EO vapours.

Conclusion:

It is concluded that natural extracts like EOs can reduce bacterial contamination near dental units in the vapourized state, thereby reducing the health hazards in Dental Health Professionals.
To analyse the mitotic and keratinisation correlation with bcl-2 expression in varying grades of oral epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Pathak Aparna , Shetty Devi Charan , Dhanapal Raghu , Kaur Geetpriya
Published: April 2023

Context:

The bcl-2 proto-oncogene was discovered at the chromosomal breakpoint of t (14;18) found in follicular lymphoma. Histological changes in dysplasia are considered the earliest signs preceding the progression into squamous cell carcinoma. Serving as critical regulators of apoptotic pathways, bcl-2 prohibits programmed cell death and subsequently assists in uncontrolled neoplastic growth.

Settings and Design:

This study included 48 cases, eight each of epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining using bcl-2 antibody was performed and different histological parameters were correlated with bcl-2 positive cells in all the cases.

Materials and Methods:

All 3 μm thick sections were stained with bcl-2 antibody. After identifying four representative fields at 40x, their images were obtained for assessment of bcl-2 labelled cells and their intensity along with different histological parameters in all the cases.

Statistical Analysis:

The differences between different histological parameters were analysed using the Anova test, post hoc test and Bonferroni test. Pearson's Chi-square test was carried out to determine the level of correlation between the bcl-2 positive cells in both epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma cases.

Conclusion:

Sequential increase in the bcl-2 expression was observed in increasing grades of epithelial dysplasia, whereas bcl-2 expression was significantly decreased in ascending stages of squamous cell carcinoma thus, suggesting a possible role of bcl-2 in disease progression from premalignancy to malignancy.
Role of S100 A7 as a diagnostic biomarker in oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer
Authors: Sood Anubhuti , Mishra Deepika , Kharbanda Om Prakash , Chauhan Shyam S , Gupta Siddharth Datta , Deo Suryanarayana S V , Yadav Rahul , Ralhan Ranju , Kumawat Ramniwas , Kaur Harpreet
Published: April 2023

Background:

S100 proteins have been implicated in the tumorigenesis of different human cancers and in oral dysplasia, as they are keratinocytes.

Materials and Methods:

In the present study, we have attempted to compare the expression of S100-A7 within young-onset (age ≤45 years, Group 1) oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), OSCC in older age groups (age >45 years Group 2), oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs, Group 3) and inflammatory lesions (Group 4). The tissue sections were scored based on the percentage of immunostained cells and staining intensity. Nuclear, cytoplasmic and membrane immunoreactivity were also scored.

Results:

The present study comprised 153 histopathologically diagnosed case subjects of OSCC >45 years (n = 41), OSCC <45 years (n = 36), OPMD (n = 40) and inflammatory lesions (n = 36). The present study revealed a statistically significant difference of distribution with regard to S100A7 staining (cytoplasmic and nuclear) between OPMDs and OSCC (P < 0.05). The nuclear, cytoplasmic and membrane staining as well as the staining intensity had significantly different scoring patterns among the OSCC group, OPMD group and the inflammatory lesions with the OSCC group having the highest scoring of the S100A7 staining (irrespective of the age).

Conclusions:

The present study concludes that S100A7 can be used as a diagnostic biomarker to differentiate between OPMDs and OSCC lesions. However, the marker is unable to distinguish between OSCCs in younger and older patients as the molecular pathogenesis of tumors in either of these age groups is probably similar.
Knowledge, attitude and preparedness to combat COVID-19 infection among dental professionals
Authors: Meenakshi S , Aradya Anupama , Sreeshyla H. S. , Ranganatha Narahari , Thammaiah Smitha
Published: April 2023

Background:

In the COVID-19 age, attempts are being made to raise student awareness and improve best practices to contain the outbreak.

Methodology:

The target population was interns and 3rdyear undergraduate students from JSS Dental College and Hospital, Mysuru. COVID-19 knowledge, awareness and attitude of the students and interns and the preparedness to tackle the current COVID 19 pandemic were assessed.

Results:

120 respondents responded via a contented validated self-administered questionnaire with regard to knowledge, attitude and practices and preparedness to address the COVID 19 pandemic by undergraduates and interns. The student participants irrespective of their years into practice were aware of the guidelines being issued by Health care authorities and to address the COVID 19 pandemic. Among the respondents, 57.5% were 3rd year dental students and 42.5% were interns. Regarding knowledge about COVID infection, 42.9% (3rd year students) and 57.1% of the interns were aware of the recent developments, 34.1% of the III year students were aware of the safe distance to be maintained between patients, 42.4% of the students and 57.6% of interns were aware of the authority to be contacted with suspected COVID 19 infections. The participants were also aware of the vaccine trial which was conducted. Most of the respondents (64.3% of the students and 78.6% of the interns) were aware of fumigation in clinical or high-contact areas on a daily basis and biweekly in nonclinical areas.

Conclusions:

The results suggest a strong need to encourage the current training program among students in health care-related fields.
Emerging insights of NK cells immunosurveillance in histomorphologic prognostic indicators of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Gupta Sanjana , Shetty Devi Charan , Juneja Saurabh , Gulati Nikita , Jain Anshi
Published: April 2023

Background:

IFN-gamma and natural killer (NK) cells have been considered the most effective cells in the combat of cancer, contributing to better prognosis and longer survival. The aim of the study was to analyze and correlate the CD 57 immunopositive NK cell-mediated Interferon-γ pathway in regulating immune mechanisms in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Materials and Methodology:

The study sample was composed of a total of 40 cases of histopathologically confirmed cases of Oral Squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Clinical data such as age, gender, habit history, signs and symptoms, and TNM staging were obtained for each case. The biopsy specimens of the cases obtained were fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin and processed and embedded in paraffin wax. 3-4 μ thick sections were taken for hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry procedure. A saliva sample was collected from each patient and stored at 20 degree Celsius for estimation of salivary interferon-gamma levels using the sandwich ELISA technique.

Results:

CD 57 NK cells quantitative assessment was significantly associated with tumor budding, cell nest size, the pattern of invasion, lymphocytic host response, NK cell morphology, Depth of invasion, and Tumor thickness. The ratio of CD 57 immunopositive NK cells to salivary IFN-γ levels showed a significant association with histopathological grades, tumor size, and lymph node status.

Conclusion:

Adoptive cellular transfer therapy with NK cells has been advocated in both experimental models and clinical trials in treating hematopoietic malignancies. The strategy is based on reviving the patient innate immune surveillance and control of tumor invasion by the infusion of activated NK cells. The IFN-gamma and NK cell infiltration in oral squamous cell carcinoma might show a distinctive tumor microenvironment with a favorable local cytotoxic immune response against neoplastic cells.
Age estimation by Drusini's method and Jeon's method in Indian population – A comparative assessment
Authors: Dharwadkar Pranjal Milind , Waingade Manjushri , Patankar Swapna Amod , Patankar Amod , Godse Adwait Madhav , Nagrale Prajakta
Published: April 2023

Context:

There has been extensive focus on forensic odontology with an increase in the research for age estimation procedures. Teeth are biological markers for human age estimation. In adults, age estimation with a tooth has to be done by the analysis of cementum annulations, root transparency and determination of aspartic acid racemization. Various age estimation methods are known in literature; however, the reliability and relevance of these methods for the Indian population have seldom been studied.

Aim:

To assess and compare age estimation by Drusini's method and Jeon's method and correlate chronological age and age estimation by both the methods in Indian Adults.

Objective:

Comparative assessment of Drusini's method and Jeon's method for age estimation within Indian adults.

Subjects and Methods:

Two hundred intraoral periapical radiovisuographs of the patients aged 20–69 years with optimum diagnostic quality radiographic images of permanent mandibular first molars were selected from the digital archive of the Department of Oral Medicine Diagnosis and Radiology from the dental college. Measurements were done using Drusini's and Jeon's methods and compared with the chronological age. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Analysis of variance followed by Tukey's Post hoc test, t-test.

Results:

Mean chronological age, estimated using Jeon's method and estimated by Drusini's method, was 30.77 ± 9.32, 29.790 ± 7.729 and 27.885 ± 8.190, respectively. This difference was statistically highly significant, whereas Jeon's method showed a strong positive correlation between chronological age and age.

Conclusions:

The study concludes that Jeon's method is more accurate than Drusini's in the Indian population.
Absence of zygomycetes in the oral niche of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral potentially malignant disorders
Authors: Mahalakshmi Krishnan , Sankari Sankar Leena , Kumar Venkatesan Naveen
Published: April 2023

Mucormycosis is a fungal infection which has been regrouped under emerging infectious disease. In this COVID-19 pandemic, the incidence of mucormycosis has been reported in many parts of India. Systemic condition that weakens one's immune systems like uncontrolled diabetes, chemotherapy or chronic long-term illness poses a grave threat for this fungal infection. Patients with oral cancer and precancer remain at significant risk for developing severe infections regardless of significant developments in therapy. Few studies have reported that this opportunistic fungal pathogen may be cultured from the oral cavity. Our findings disprove the oral carriage of filamentous fungi (Zygomycetes) among the group of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma, oral potentially malignant disorders who are susceptible to immunological deficits and healthy subjects. This finding strongly supports that the oral niche of healthy as well as the patients with oral lesions do not harbour this filamentous fungi.
Mandibular ramus- An indicator for gender determination
Authors: Ingaleshwar Pramod , Bhosale Satish , Nimbulkar Gargi , Britto Frankantony , Chandrappa Pramod R. , Hosur Mahadevi B.
Published: April 2023

Background:

In medico-legal investigations identification of skeletal remains is of utmost importance. The skeletal remains most commonly investigated are pelvic and skull bones with the mandible an important element to analyze sexual dimorphism. Mandibular ramus can differentiate between the two genders as the stages of mandibular development, growth rates, and duration are different in both genders. Metric analysis on the radiographs is found to be of higher values when skeletal sex determination is considered.

Aims and Objectives:

1) To compare and evaluate the various measurements of the mandibular ramus on digital OPG's. 2) To assess the usefulness of mandibular ramus as an aid in gender determination in the Bagalkot population.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective study was conducted on 80 patients (40 males & 40 females) using Kodak 8000 C digital panoramic radiographs of the Bagalkot population with ages ranging from 18 to 58 years. Five parameters namely coronoid ramus height, condyle ramus height, condyle coronoid breadth, maximum ramus breadth, and minimum ramus breadth were taken into consideration, the values were measured and data were analyzed. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software.

Results:

In the present study, all the measurements of the mandibular ramus on digital panoramic radiographs showed a statistically significant difference between both the genders except for minimum ramus breadth which was found to be insignificant.

Conclusion:

Discriminant analysis of mandibular ramus using panoramic radiography can be used as an effective tool in gender determination and can be used as an aid in forensic sciences.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder in the Saudi Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Aljadani Ahmed Hamed , Alshammari Tahani Salem , Sadaqir Rawan Ibrahim , Alrashede Naif Osaywid Eid , Aldajani Bushra Mubarak , Almehmadi Samiah Ahmed , Altuhayni Abdullah Saleh , Abouzed Mohamed Ahmed
Published: April 2023

Objectives:

To determine the prevalence and risk factors of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Saudi Arabia.

Methods:

Observational studies (case–control, cohort, and cross-sectional) that reported the prevalence and risk factors of ADHD among Saudis and were published in English were included. In March 2022, a computerized search was conducted on Medline (via PubMed), Web of Science, and Scopus using keywords associated with ADHD and Saudi Arabia. Two-stage screening and data extraction were performed. The National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-sectional studies was used for the quality assessment. A random-effects model was used to estimate the prevalence. The Comprehensive Meta-analysis program was used for the analysis.

Results:

Fourteen studies (N = 455,334 patients) were included. The pooled prevalence of ADHD in the Saudi population was 12.4% (95% CI: 5.4%–26%). For ADHD-Inattentive and ADHD-Hyperactive presentations, the prevalence was 2.9% (95% CI: 0.3%–23.3%) and 2.5% (95% CI: 0.2%–20.5%), respectively. Regarding the combined AD and HD, the prevalence was 2.5% (95% CI: 0.2%–20.5%). Children of women with psychological disorders during pregnancy (P = 0.043), insufficient vitamin B during pregnancy (P = 0.006), allergic reactions (P = 0.032), and disabling symptoms of muscle pain during pregnancy (P = 0.045) were associated with an increased risk of ADHD.

Conclusions:

The prevalence of ADHD in the Saudi population is comparable with that in other countries from the Middle East and North Africa region. Careful monitoring of pregnant women, attention to nutritional sufficiency, psychological and emotional support, and avoidance of stressful events may lead to reducing the incidence of ADHD in the offspring.

Funding:

None.

Registration:

PROSPERO (Ref no.: CRD42023390040).