bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A moeda como fonte de poder: as sanções financeiras e a “bomba-dólar” em Cuba e na Venezuela | Currency as a source of power: financial sanctions and the “dollar bomb” in Cuba and Venezuela
Authors: Farias Hélio Caetano , Loures Débora Bedim , Góis Carolina Côrtes
Published: January 2023

No atual sistema monetário e financeiro, onde o dólar ocupa a posição de principal moeda de curso internacional, os EUA dispõem de instrumentos econômicos e monetários que podem ser utilizados, em muitos casos, na coerção de outros Estados. As sanções se enquadram como um desses instrumentos e historicamente vêm sendo aplicadas em países que são considerados hostis à política externa norte-americana. O presente artigo busca apresentar uma reflexão, a partir da relação entre finança, geopolítica e poder, sobre o uso da moeda como um meio de coerção no cenário internacional, além disso busca-se identificar as reações e as medidas tomadas pelos países na tentativa de superar os grandes impactos causados pelas sanções financeiras, tendo como referência os casos de Cuba e Venezuela.Palavras-chave: Sanções Financeiras. Bomba Dólar. EUA.ABSTRACTIn the current international monetary and financial system, where the dollar occupies the position of the main currency of international course, the USA has economic and monetary instruments that can be used, in many cases, in the coercion of other States. Sanctions are one of these instruments and have historically been applied in countries that are considered hostile to US foreign policy. This article seeks to present a reflection, based on the relationship between finance, geopolitics and power, on the use of currency as a means of coercion in the international scenario, in addition, seems to identify the reactions and measures taken by countries in an attempt to overcome the major impacts caused by financial sanctions, having as a reference the cases of Cuba and Venezuela.Keywords: Financial Sanctions. Dollar Bomb. USA.Recebido em: 30 abr. 2022 | Aceito em: 21 dez. 2022.
Allied health professional confidence in giving prehospital fascia iliaca blocks
Authors: Fordyce Eve
Published: January 2023

Background:

Fascia iliaca blocks (FIBs) are an efficacious form of prehospital regional anaesthesia for patients with neck of femur fracture. Current prehospital use is limited.

Aims:

The primary aim of this study was to assess procedural confidence among allied health professionals. The secondary aim was to examine concerns related to prehospital use of FIB.

Methods:

This was a qualitative study that analysed semi-structured interviews. Two recognised groups were involved: paramedics and advanced practitioners.

Results:

A total of 12 semi-structured interviews were conducted. Four factors were found to contribute to procedural confidence. All practitioners felt confident to perform the FIB. In its secondary aim, to identify concerns related to FIBs, the study found three major themes: risk of doing harm; receiving adequate training; and procedural governance.

Conclusions:

Procedural confidence was high. Training and governance were highlighted as barriers to procedural expansion. Research is required to assess feasibility.
Effects of simulation training on student confidence in de-escalation skills
Authors: Downs Simon , Drew Laurence , Shore Colin B
Published: January 2023

Background:

There is increasing demand for access to mental health support services both for ongoing care and at time of crisis. Preparation of undergraduate students for encounters with those with ongoing mental health care and/or at a time of psychological distress/crisis remains sporadic and difficult to encompass. Simulation gives students opportunities to develop technical and non-technical skills through the recreation of an experience that is as close to reality as possible.

Method:

An exploratory evaluation of teaching practice of student self-perceptions of self-awareness and self-regulation in encountering clinical situations with persons in high states of arousal and potential conflict was conducted. To evaluate the exercise and its value, students were asked to self-evaluate their confidence and knowledge both prior to and subsequent to the teaching exercise.

Results:

There was a positive shift in self-awareness and self-regulation post training. Confidence in being able to de-escalate a situation was reported as the key outcome to take from the session, along with techniques on how to de-escalate a scenario.

Conclusion:

While it is not possible at this stage to definitively measure the impact of the teaching on practice or draw firm conclusions for education providers, the evaluation exercise does evidence individual impact and enjoyment. The teaching approach may prepare the future workforce with the skills and knowledge needed to provide high-quality care.
Magnetic delivery concept could slash road congestion
Authors: EXCELL JON
Published: January 2023

Tunnel network and linear motors promise to deliver the goods
Liquid metal testing facility could boost fast reactors
Authors: FOWLER DAVID
Published: January 2023

Anglo-American project looks to smaller nuclear reactors
Thinking big
Authors: POWELL GARETH L.
Published: January 2023

Our resident science fiction author Gareth L. Powell takes a look at some of the largest engineering projects literature has to offer
JLR maps out road to electrification
Authors: WADE ANDREW
Published: January 2023

CEO reveals decade long plan to electrify iconic marque
World First 5G Connectivity Demonstrated from Stratosphere
Authors: Ford Jason
Published: January 2023

‘Stratospheric 5G mast' comparable to terrestrial networks
ROBERT STEPHENSON: ROCKET MAN
Authors: SMITH NICK
Published: January 2023

Designer of the pioneering Rocket that was to set the blueprint for the trains of the future, Robert Stephenson’s career was also influential in the field of Victorian bridge-building.
Touching The future
Authors: Powell Gareth L.
Published: January 2023

UK researchers have developed a robot fingertip that creates signals similar to the brain activity associated with human touch. Science fiction author, Gareth L. Powell, explores the possible implications of this technology.
CECAM AIMS FOR IMPROVED INDOOR AIR QUALITY
Authors: BRADSHAW MELISSA
Published: January 2023

CECAM (Chamber for Environmental Control of Airborne Microorganisms), a proposed facility led by Leeds University, is to explore the behaviour of aerosolised microorganisms under different indoor conditions.
Appetite for Change
Authors:   The Engineer
Published: January 2023

The Engineer’s latest salary survey reveals a UK engineering workforce that’s emerging from the pandemic hungry for a fresh challenge.
Charles Wheatstone: Britain’s Great Victorian Inventor
Authors: Smith Nick
Published: January 2023

Hardly remembered today, Sir Charles Wheatstone was a scientific pioneer who played a crucial role in the development of telegraphy, 3D imaging and musical instrument design.
LIGHT BLADE LASER SLASHES THREATS FROM THE SKY
Authors: FORD JASON
Published: January 2023

Aerial attacks hasten countermeaures
Britain’s nuclear waste
Authors: FORD JASON
Published: January 2023

A Geological Disposal Facility will bury nuclear waste up to 1km below ground in sealed vaults and tunnels. The Engineer asks how it will be done
What does the Brexit deal mean for UK manufacturing?
Authors: PHIPSON STEPHEN
Published: January 2023

The avoidance of a no-deal disaster is a welcome development, but the UK’s new relationship with the EU presents some formidable challenges writes Make UK CEO Stephen Phipson.
5G NetMobil project validates tactile connected driving
Authors: FORD JASON
Published: January 2023

Advanced communications technologies enable safer, cleaner driving
Heat-based disbonding technology promises to transform composite use
Authors: EXCELL JON
Published: January 2023

Researchers anticipate industrial scale applications
EDWARD JENNER: FATHER OF IMMUNOLOGY
Authors: SMITH NICK
Published: January 2023

English surgeon Edward Jenner combined field experimentation with academic research to pioneer the process of smallpox vaccination that led to the virus’s eventual eradication.
The rise of the hovercraft
Authors: EXCELL JON
Published: January 2023

The Engineer of 1959 was excited by the arrival of a new mode of sea travel
FUNDING BOOST FOR WASTEWATER RECOVERY
Authors: FORD JASON
Published: January 2023

LAT Water, a Berkshire-based developer of sustainable wastewater treatment solutions, has raised £4.7m in a funding round led by IW Capital.
SpaceX Crew Dragon Docks with ISS
Authors: Excell Jon
Published: January 2023

NASA astronauts Robert Behnken and Douglas Hurley have travelled to the International Space Station (ISS) aboard a spacecraft built by Elon Musk’s SpaceX corporation.
Air Race
Authors: Ford Jason
Published: January 2023

Drones rise to the challenge of battling COVID-19
Learning in Lockdown
Authors: Excell Jon
Published: January 2023

The pandemic has prompted rapid changes to the engineering training landscape, and many of these changes could be here to stay.
Driving Diversity in Engineering has never been More Important
Authors: Leevers Hilary
Published: January 2023

Addressing the barriers under-represented groups face in pursuing pathways to STEM education and careers has never been more important writes Engineering UK chief executive Dr Hilary Leevers
Airbus Airtec Opens for Testing and Collaboration
Authors: Ford Jason
Published: January 2023

Airbus has formally launched AIRTeC, a £40m research and testing facility designed to undertake structural testing of large-scale aircraft assemblies.
Infrastructure Improvements
Authors: Ford Jason
Published: January 2023

Academia and industry collaborate to protect UK infrastructure
Liquid Air Energy Storage Cuts Cost of Compressed Air
Authors: Ford Jason
Published: January 2023

PRISMA system aims for savings in energy intensive industries
BAE Systems Unveils Litewave Head-Up Display
Authors: Ford Jason
Published: January 2023

BAE Systems has unveiled LiteWave, a new lightweight, compact Head-Up Display (HUD) for use in commercial and military aircraft.
Q'A: On Track: Advances in UK Hydrogen Rail
Authors: Excell Jon
Published: January 2023

An expert panel from Vivarail, Birmingham University and Alstom discuss UK developments in hydrogen powered rail transport
Q&A: New Power Generation
Authors: Wade Andrew
Published: January 2023

Experts from Rolls-Royce, Atkins and the Nuclear Industry Association comment on the potential of small, modular nuclear reactors
FES to Provide Stimulation for Amputees
Authors: Bradshaw Melissa
Published: January 2023

Anglo-US project aims to develop new assistive technology
Q&A: Material Health
Authors: Bradshaw Melissa
Published: January 2023

The advent of COVID-19 has driven huge levels of innovation in the development of materials used for personal, protective equipment (PPE). The Engineer spoke to a panel of experts in this field
Making a Statement
Authors: Allcock Andrew
Published: January 2023

At more than 450 m2, Sodick Europe’s exhibition space is double that of the Sodick brand’s usual MACH presence. In fact, it is one of the top five largest stands at the event. The company is making a statement, having opened its new European headquarters in Coventry last year.
Pug Power
Authors: Grant Alex
Published: January 2023

Six years in the making, the Peugeot e-208 isn’t benchmarking electric rivals, instead it focuses on consumer adoption of plug-in power by offering the same convenience as a petrol or diesel car
Roll Model
Authors: Billington James
Published: January 2023

A revolutionary all-in-one, in-wheel module that delivers 360° maneuverability and enhanced accessibility could be the perfect solution for the future of mobility
To Infinity
Authors: Charlton Alistair
Published: January 2023

The Lightyear One has a mission to show the world how solar power can provide the answer to EV range anxiety, with self-charging technology that can provide thousands of kilometers of free and clean motoring every year
Star Quality
Authors: Grant Alex
Published: January 2023

Swedish-Chinese startup Polestar has its sights set on the Tesla Model 3 with its electric fastback, but it says there's more to a performance EV than straight-line speed
Bridging the Gap
Authors: Grant Alex
Published: January 2023

Ultracapacitors could provide a solution to some of the biggest developmental challenges facing lithium-ion batteries - but they have their own hurdles to overcome first.
Multiple Choice
Authors: Ross Matt
Published: January 2023

Daimler is approaching an electrified future with a wide array of propulsion technologies, and armed with an ambitious plan for new vehicles. Jochen Hermann, VP of CASE and eDrive development, reveals why the OEM has opted to keep its options open, and what it says about the brand’s ambitions
Easy Rider
Authors: Ross Matt
Published: January 2023

An all-electric premium motorcycle from Indian developer Ultraviolette aims to put its ICE rivals in the shade
Shifting Perceptions
Authors: Pickering Chris
Published: January 2023

The wave of electrification in new vehicle designs means transmissions systems developers face a host of new challenges – and are developing an array of tests and simulations to aid them in their work
On Song
Authors: Heeps Graham
Published: January 2023

As GM moves towards its goal of being all-electric by the end of the decade, its innovative new EV platform will make its debut in the Cadillac Lyriq luxury SUV
The Big Cell
Authors: Heeps Graham
Published: January 2023

GM is betting that its Ultium propulsion system and flexible vehicle platform will deliver a range of BEVs that will be proff table from day one
O-Kei Computer
Authors: Poultney Leon
Published: January 2023

Nissan'S IMK concept aims to clean up the city and the reputation of Japan's compact Kei car
Software Everyware
Authors: Smith David
Published: January 2023

With delays and cost increases of aircraft test programs increasingly blamed on software problems, what technology and tactics are available to keep software testing under control?
Mosquito's Renaissance
Authors: Sampson Ben
Published: January 2023

Recent recognition of the de Havilland Mosquito's innovative design and role in World War II has provided a boost for an early prototype of the fighter-bomber
Predictable Measurable
Authors: Pittaway Nigel
Published: January 2023

Research being conducted by Australia's Defence Science and Technology Group aims to slash the duration of full-scale fatigue testing
Future Falco
Authors: Eden Paul E
Published: January 2023

Already a Falcon 20 operator, the German Aerospace Centre will replace its A320 Advanced Technology Research Aircraft with a Falcon 2000 business jet by 2020. After extensive upgrades and subsequent modification with Dassault, the aircraft will enter service as the inflight Systems and Technology Airborne Research testbed
Solving the Plasma Puzzle
Authors: Willis Paul
Published: January 2023

Engineers developing ion thrusters and nuclear fusion reactors to propel mankid's push into deep space are facing some tought testing challenges here on Earth
Beating the Boom
Authors: Smith David
Published: January 2023

Engineers are preparing to flight test supersonic aircraft designs that could see commercial supersonic aviation in our skies for the first time in decades
Driveing Force
Authors: Pickering Chris
Published: January 2023

e-axles are set to become the fastest-growing driveline technology, a development which could bring several vehicle dynamics benefits
A Missed Opportunity?
Authors: Bligh Andrew
Published: January 2023

While Industry 4.0 is transforming manufacturing from a production perspective, it can also bring benefits to staff safety
All Change
Authors: Beck Chris
Published: January 2023

The automotive industry has undergone significant evolution in the past decade, in the face of huge challenges. We speak to one of the key architects of change at one of the sector’s biggest names
Home Alone
Authors: Beck Chris
Published: January 2023

With home working becoming increasingly popular, managers and employees have had to adapt to a new way of working – but how many are adequately prepared to do so?
Leveraging Data to Increase Productivity
Authors: Rossek Dan
Published: January 2023

Data can elevate the maintenance function from being a quick fix to keep production lines running, to being a vital tool for enterprise success
The Rise of the Machines, or the Rise of the People?
Authors: Ward Duncan
Published: January 2023

As 5G mobile data technology becomes more deeply embedded, its impact on manufacturing will be ever greater. But what will the connected factory look like?
Prioritising Happiness
Authors: Butterfield Rebecca
Published: January 2023

The testing business environment should see managers doubling-down on supporting their staff – especially females or those from minority groups
Outcome of unlinked total elbow arthroplasty for rheumatoid arthritis in patients younger than 50 years old
Authors: Nishida Keiichiro , Nasu Yoshihisa , Hashizume Kenzo , Okita Shunji , Nakahara Ryuichi , Saito Taichi , Ozaki Toshifumi , Inoue Hajime
Published: January 2023

Aims

There are concerns regarding complications and longevity of total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) in young patients, and the few previous publications are mainly limited to reports on linked elbow devices. We investigated the clinical outcome of unlinked TEA for patients aged less than 50 years with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the records of 26 elbows of 21 patients with RA who were aged less than 50 years who underwent primary TEA with an unlinked elbow prosthesis. The mean patient age was 46 years (35 to 49), and the mean follow-up period was 13.6 years (6 to 27). Outcome measures included pain, range of motion, Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), radiological evaluation for radiolucent line and loosening, complications, and revision surgery with or without implant removal.

Results

The mean MEPS significantly improved from 47 (15 to 70) points preoperatively to 95 (70 to 100) points at final follow-up (p < 0.001). Complications were noted in six elbows (23%) in six patients, and of these, four with an ulnar neuropathy and one elbow with postoperative traumatic fracture required additional surgeries. There was no revision with implant removal, and there was no radiological evidence of loosening around the components. With any revision surgery as the endpoint, the survival rates up to 25 years were 78.1% (95% confidence interval 52.8 to 90.6) as determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis.

Conclusion

The clinical outcome of primary unlinked TEA for young patients with RA was satisfactory and comparable with that for elderly patients. A favourable survival rate without implant removal might support the use of unlinked devices for young patients with this disease entity, with a caution of a relatively high complication rate regarding ulnar neuropathy. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(1):19–26.
Design of Renewable Energy Consumption Scheduling Model Based on Quantitative Feedback Theory
Authors: Wang Hongyan , Zhang Zihong , Gao Ning
Published: January 2023

In the renewable energy consumption scheduling, due to the large fluctuation of wind power output, the renewable energy consumption rate is low, and the energy consumption scheduling effect is poor. Therefore, a new renewable energy consumption scheduling model based on quantitative feedback theory is designed. For the first time, calculate the output response of wind power generation, obtain the output change rate of the wind farm at the time scale, and determine the response curve of wind power generation according to the power generation process is divided into three stages: the initial stage, the peak stage and the end stage, and the response output during the peak period, so as to obtain the transfer rate of output during the peak period. Build a mathematical model of renewable energy power generation, calculate the output state of wind power generation, and analyze the output characteristics of renewable energy storage system; Secondly, the objective weight coefficient of renewable energy consumption is determined by using quantitative feedback theory, the objective function of renewable energy consumption is constructed, the power injected by parameter nodes is determined, the quantitative feedback controller is designed by using loop shaping technology, the control structure of two degrees of freedom is determined, the objective function of renewable energy consumption is constructed, and the constraint range of renewable energy consumption capacity is determined according to static constraints such as current constraints and voltage constraints; Then, the quantitative feedback theoretical controller is designed, the input and output transfer functions of the consumption system are determined, and the renewable energy consumption scheduling model is constructed. The renewable energy consumption scheduling model is solved by particle swarm optimization through a variety of index parameters in the renewable energy consumption determined by the QFT controller. The experimental results show that the proposed model can effectively improve the renewable energy consumption rate and optimize the consumption scheduling effect.
Modelling a Sustainable Smart City Based on Human and User Centred Design
Authors: Wei Guoan
Published: January 2023

A smart, sustainable city that employs ICTs (information and communication technologies) improves urban businesses and services’ quality of life, productivity, and competitiveness. A sustainable smart city’s significant challenges are legislation and regulations, financing, technical and infrastructural dimensions. While at the same time providing for the economic, social, environmentally, and cultural needs of the present and future generations. Continuous population and urban development have stepped up creative ways of tackling urbanization, with limited implications supporting smart cities’ environments. This cram aimed to build a user-centred design using a sustainable big data analytics assisted optimization framework (SBDAAO) to step up creative ways of tackling urbanization with limited environmental implications. This research represents a first move to provide perspectives and value in creating intelligent cities to instil sustainability. Simulation analysis has been carried out based on the data collected based on city infrastructure. The experimental results have been executed, and the suggested method achieves an accuracy ratio (98.2%), the efficiency ratio (95.5%), energy consumption (20.1%), average communication delay (17.6%), and renewable power (93.9 %).
Phytochemical, GC-MS analysis and antioxidant activities of leaf methanolic extract of Lai (Durio kutejensis), the endemic plant of Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: MANURUNG HETTY , SUSANTO DWI , KUSUMAWATI EKO , ARYANI RETNO , NUGROHO RUDY A. , KUSUMA RATNA , RAHMAWATI ZULFIKA , SARI RISKA D.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Manurung H, Susanto D, Kusumawati E, Aryani R, Nugroho RA, Kusuma R, Rahmawati Z, Sari RD. 2022. Phytochemical, GC-MS analysis and antioxidant activities of leaf methanolic extract of Lai (Durio kutejensis), the endemic plant of Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 5587-5594. Lai (Durio kutejensis Hassk. Beck) is a fruit plant species endemic to Kalimantan, Indonesia. The leaves are traditionally used to treat several diseases. Currently, there is no scientific validation of the phytochemical content, bioactive compounds, and biological activities of leaf extracts of this plant from the East Kalimantan Province of Indonesia. So, this study aimed to determine the phytochemical compounds, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activity of crude leaf methanol extract of D. kutejensis. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was performed to determine the bioactive compounds of lai leaf methanol extract. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) was used to evaluate antioxidant activity. Screening of phytochemical compounds of the leaf methanol extract showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, and steroids. The leaf extract of lai contains total phenolic (104,55 µg GAE g-1 extract) and total flavonoid (281,41 µg QE g-1extract). The extract has weak antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 163,849 ppm. GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of 43 identified compounds in the crude leaf methanolic extract of D. kutenjesis such as; 2-(1,1-dimethyl ethyl)-Phenol; 4-(3-hydroxy-1-propenyl)-2-methoxy-Phenol (Coniferyl alcohol); E7-Decenylacetate; Octadecanoic acid (Stearic acid); 1,3,6-Octatriene, 3,7-dimethyl-, (Z)-; Palmitaldehyde, diisopentyl acetal; Ledol; Estran-3-one, 17-(acetyloxy)-2-methyl-, (2.alpha.,5.alpha.,17.beta.)-. This study revealed that the leaf methanol extract of D. kutejensis is a good resource of many bioactive compounds that justifies the traditional usage of this species.
Amendment of mycorrhizae and its residual effect on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays) hybrids in coastal land
Authors: RUSTIKAWATI RUSTIKAWATI , SUPRIJONO EKO , MURCITRO BAMBANG G. , HERISON CATUR , SITOHANG SISI J.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Rustikawati, Suprijono E, Murcitro BG, Herison C, Sitohang SJ. 2022. Amendment of mycorrhizae and its residual effect on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays) hybrids in coastal land. Biodiversitas 23: 5600-5605. Maize (Zea mays L.) is known sensitive to less optimal environmental conditions. Maize cultivation in coastal land has low productivity due to the availability of low nutrients and the ability to hold groundwater. The addition of mycorrhizal fungi (MF) to the coastal land is expected to improve the root environment suitable for plants. This study aimed to evaluate growth and yield of maize hybrids grown in coastal areas amended with MF and examining its residual effect. The newly developed hybrids, CT34 and CT17, and a commercial check cultivar, BISI-18, were grown on a coastal land with the application of mycorrhizae at the rate of 0, 5, and 10 g.plant-1 in a factorial experiment with three replications. Observations were made on plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, leaf greenness, root fresh weight, ear length, ear diameter, number of grain rows, number of grain.ear-1, and grain weight.plant-1. Data were analyzed for ANOVA, and the mean comparisons were conducted with DMRT at a=5%. The results showed that there was no interaction effect between the maize hybrids and the rate of mycorrhizae on any observed variables. The new hybrid of CT34 showed almost similar growth to that of the check cultivar, BISI 18, but the yield was significantly lower. CT34 showed better performance than CT17 on all variables. The application of MF significantly increased stem diameter and root fresh weight, which in turn increased maize yields in the coastal land. Increasing the mycorrhizal rate up to 10 g.plant-1 in coastal lands was ineffective in increasing maize productivity compared to 5 g.plant-1. In a bioassay study on the mycorrhizal residues in the second season, the treatment of 10 g.plant-1 significantly increased maize growth by more than 100% compared to without mycorrhizae.
Naphthalene degradation by Pseudomonas sp. LBKURCC419 strain with addition of glucose as cosubstrate
Authors: NOVIANTY RIRYN , ANTIKA BHEKTI , SARYONO SARYONO , AWALUDDIN AMIR , PRATIWI NOVA WAHYU , JULIANTARI ERWINA
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Novianty R, Antika B, Saryono, Awaluddin A, Pratiwi NW, Juliantari E. 2022. Naphthalene degradation by Pseudomonas sp. LBKURCC419 strain with addition of glucose as cosubstrate. Biodiversitas 23: 5654-5661. Naphthalene is one of the pollutants that cause carcinogens. The biodegradation of carcinogenic naphthalene toxic compounds needs to be done to control pollution. Pseudomonas is one of several bacterial species that can degrading naphthalene. This study aimed to test the effectiveness of Pseudomonas sp. isolated from the land area of ??the Joint Operations Agency of PT. Siak Bumi Pusako-Pertamina Hulu (BOB BSP-PHE) in degrading naphthalene with glucose as a cosubstrate. The potency of three isolates of Pseudomonas sp. LBKURCC148, LBKURCC149, and LBKURCC150 was tested in Minimal Media (MM) containing 0.2 mM naphthalene and incubated for seven days. The Optical Density (OD), pH, decreased concentration of naphthalene and degradation ability parameters were analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that Pseudomonas sp. LBKURCC149 was able to degrade naphthalene by 13.95%. Naphthalene analysis using HPLC resulted a decrease in the peak area of ??the sample as compared to the control. Based on this findings, Pseudomonas sp. LBKURCC149 could be recommended to use to clean up naphthalene pollution.
The species diversity and composition of seedlings for degraded land rehabilitation in different phytogeographical regions in Indonesia
Authors: WIRYONO WIRYONO , LUKMAN AGUNG HASAN , NURLIANA STEFFANIE
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Wirnoyo, Lukman AH, Nurliana S. 2022. The species diversity and composition of seedlings for degraded land rehabilitation in different phytogeographical regions in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 5771-5781. Forest clearing and conversion into cropland without implementing conservation measures have caused land degradation. The total area of degraded land in Indonesia is 14 million hectares. The responsible institution for land rehabilitation in Indonesia is Balai Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai dan Hutan Lindung (Agency for Watershed and Protection Forest Management), abbreviated as BPDASHL. This study aimed to analyze seedlings' species diversity and composition for degraded land rehabilitation provided by six BPDASHLs located in different phytogeographic regions, i.e., Sunda Shelf, Wallacea, and Sahul Shelf. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to BPDASHL offices in Papua, West Papua, Gorontalo, Bangka Belitung Islands, Riau, and Aceh. They were analyzed to determine the species richness, indexes of species diversity, equity, and similarity. The clustering of sites based on species composition was done using a dendrogram. This study found that the species richness of seedlings in each site ranged from 25 to 47, the diversity index of Shannon from 2.39 to 2.96, and a Simpson diversity index from 0.80 to 0.94. The species composition differed from one site to another, with similarity indexes of Bray-Curtis and Jaccard of < 0.35. The dendrogram separated western Indonesia (Sunda Shelf) from eastern Indonesia (Sahul Shelf and Wallacea), except for Bangka Belitung Islands, which was clustered in eastern Indonesia despite its location in western Indonesia. Three study sites had more native dominant species, while the other three had more introduced dominant species. We recommend that more native species of seedlings should be provided.
Diversity, composition, structure and canopy cover of mangrove trees in six locations along Bintuni riverbank, Bintuni Bay, West Papua, Indonesia
Authors: SRAUN MARKUS , BAWOLE RONI , MARWA JONNI , SINERY ANTON SILAS , CABUY REINARDUS LIBORIUS
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Srau M, Bawole R, Marwa J, Sinery AS, Cabuy RL. 2022. Diversity, composition, structure and canopy cover of mangrove trees in six locations along Bintuni riverbank, Bintuni Bay, West Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 5835-5843. Mangroves provide various benefits of ecological and socio-economic aspects. Such benefits could be delivered if mangrove vegetation is in good condition, indicated by several ecological parameters. This study was conducted to investigate the diversity, composition, structure, and canopy cover of mangrove trees along Bintuni riverbank, Bintuni Bay, West Papua, Indonesia. There were six different locations representing biotic and abiotic conditions. The study only focused on the mangrove tree stage with a total of 175 plots established, of which each plot had a size of 10 × 10 m. The name of mangrove species, tree diameter, total height, and canopy cover percentage was recorded and measured. The result showed that the diversity and composition of mangrove trees varied among the six locations indicated by the importance value index (IVI) parameter. The estuary and sub-estuary areas were dominated by Rhizophora mucronata, while in the further area from the estuary toward the land, the dominant mangrove species was Avicennia sp. The highest number of mangrove trees was found in Kampung Lama 1 with 989 trees/ha (593 trees in 60 plots) with an average diameter of 18.8077 cm (SD±7.0279) and an average height of 8.9477 m (SD±2.2814). The lowest tree distribution was found in Kampung Masuhi with 940 trees/ha (94 trees in 10 plots) with an average diameter of 15.4787 m (SD±3.8205). The highest average of canopy covers was noted in the sub-river estuary with a percentage of 86.97% (SD±85) and the lowest percentage was in Kampung Masina with 59.89% (SD±124.85). Statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there was a significant difference in terms of average tree diameter and height among the six locations with a p-value of 0.00021 < 0.05 at 95% CI. There was a strong positive correlation between tree diameter and height, as indicated by R2 of 0.69. In addition, a statistical test of analysis of variance from each location was significantly different among these six locations.
Molecular identification of Oncomelania hupensis lindoensis, snail intermediate hosts of Schistosoma japonicum from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Sutrisnawati Sutrisnawati , Ramadhan Achmad , Trianto Manap
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Sutrisnawati, Ramadhan A, Trianto M. 2022. Molecular identification of Oncomelania hupensis lindoensis, snail intermediate hosts of Schistosoma japonicum from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 5989-5994. Schistosomiasis is a zoonotic parasitic disease with Oncomelania hupensis lindoensis, intermediate snail hosts of Schistosoma japonicum. The spread of O. hupensis lindoensis snail habitat was found in the three areas of the Napu, Bada, and Lindu Highlands with an infection rate above 1%. Oncomelania hupensis lindoensis  is primarily cryptic species that are morphologically difficult to identify and distinguish from other species. Consequently, it can be confused with the naming of species. One of the molecular approaches that can be used to identify the Oncomelania spp. quickly and accurately is DNA barcoding using the COI mitochondrial gene. However, the research on identifying Oncomelania spp. in Indonesia is still very limited. Therefore, this study aimed to identify six Oncomelania spp. from Napu and Lindu, Central Sulawesi using COI mitochondrial gene as a molecular marker for DNA barcoding. The method used in this study was a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method with universal primers, LCO-F and HCO-R. The data obtained were then analyzed using GeneStudio, DNASTAR, BLAST, Identification Engine, Mesquite, MEGAX, and BEAST. The analysis was conducted to obtain similarity, genetic distance and reconstruct a phylogenetic tree. The result revealed that all six samples of Oncomelania spp. collected from Napu and Lindu were identified in one species, namely Oncomelania hupensis lindoensis. This research is very important to be carried out regularly periodically so that it can be used as a basis for Schistosomiasis control program data and related sectors to eradicate snails effectively, efficiently, and on target.
Soil quality measurement for sustainable soybean yield agroforestry system under different crop rotation models
Authors: ALAM TAUFAN , SURYANTO PRIYONO , HANDAYANI SUCI , SUPRIYANTA SUPRIYANTA , WULANDARI RANI AGUSTINA , ANSHARI ANDRIANTO , AISYA ALWA WIDI , PURBA ARDIAN ELONARD , WIDOWATI RAHAYU , TARYONO TARYONO
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Alam T, Suryanto P, Handayani S, Supriyanta, Wulandari RA, Anshari A, Aisya AW, Purba AE, Widowati R, Taryono. 2022. Soil quality measurement for sustainable soybean yield agroforestry system under different crop rotation models. Biodiversitas 23: 6155-6163. Soil quality is essential for sustaining the soybean yield in an agroforestry system. This study determined the soil quality variables that affect soybean yield under different crop rotation models in the agroforestry system with kayu putih (Melaleuca cajuputi). A 2-year experiment was conducted during the dry season (March-June 2021) and the wet season (November 2021-February 2022) at Menggoran Forest Resort, Playen District, Gunungkidul Regency, Special Province of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. All of the trials during each season were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three blocks as replication. The treatment crop rotation model consisted of soybean planting after fallow (FS), soybean planting after maize (MS), soybean planting after rice (RS), and continuous soybean planting (SS). The observations were soybean yield and 21 soil quality variables. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance, multiple factor analysis, heatmap cluster, generalized pair plot, and standardized stepwise regression. The increase in soybean yield during the dry season was affected by TB, Fe, and N in the soil, while it was affected by TF, Fe, and silt during the wet season. Soil quality and soybean yield can be improved by applying organic matter and soil amendment.
Nutrients content of four tropical seaweed species from Kelapa Beach, Tuban, Indonesia and their potential as ruminant feed
Authors: KUSTANTINAH KUSTANTINAH , HIDAYAH NUR , NOVIANDI CUK TRI , ASTUTI ANDRIYANI , PARADHIPTA DIMAS HAND VIDYA
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Kustantinah, Hidayah N, Noviandi CT, Astuti A, Paradhipta DHV. 2022. Nutrients content of four tropical seaweed species from Kelapa Beach, Tuban, Indonesia and their potential as ruminant feed. Biodiversitas 23: 6191-6197. Indonesia is one of the tropical countries with the largest diversity of seaweed, but studies on identifying the nutrients content of numerous seaweed species from tropical oceans and their potential as ruminant feed have not been widely reported. This study was designed to evaluate the nutrient, macro and micromineral content of brown (Laminaria sp. and Padina australis) and red seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii and Gracilaria sp.) from Kelapa Beach, Tuban, East Java. All tests were carried out in duplicate from individual seaweed and data were analyzed descriptively by calculating the average of data obtained. The result showed that all of the seaweed species in this experiment had a high content of water (69.41-86.33%) and ash/mineral (23.42-65.63%). The brown seaweed Padina australis had the highest dry matter (30.59%) and crude protein (12.57%). The red seaweed of Gracilaria sp. had the highest ash (65.63%) and the lowest organic matter (34.37%), ether extract (0.21%), crude fiber (2.49%), nitrogen-free extract (19.95%), neutral detergent fiber (21.74%), acid detergent fiber (5.46%), and gross energy (1,083 Cal/g); however, in contrast, Eucheuma cottonii had the highest organic matter (76.58%), ether extract (2.85%), crude fiber (8.80%), nitrogen-free extract (56.38%), neutral detergent fiber (56.93%), acid detergent fiber (11.44%), and gross energy (2,911 Cal/g) but the lowest dry matter (13.67%) and crude protein (8.55%). The brown seaweed Padina australis had the highest Na (0.89%), Mg (4.90%), and Cd (3.73 ppm) contents. The red seaweed of Gracilaria sp. had the highest K (2.18%), Ca (5.80%), Fe (7,596 ppm), Mn (818 ppm), Cu (5 ppm), Zn (52 ppm), and Pb (60.38%); however, in contrast, Eucheuma cottonii had the lowest P (0.01%), K (2.02%), Ca (0.64%), Mg (1.09%), Fe (400 ppm), Mn (38 ppm), Pb (17.31 ppm), and Cd (1.53 ppm) but the highest S (0.46%). Based on this study, brown seaweed (Laminaria sp and Padina australis) and red seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii and Gracilaria sp.) from Tuban Regency, East Java, Indonesia have the potential as ruminant feed, especially as soluble carbohydrates and an organic mineral source that requires attention for heavy metals to prevent toxicity to ruminants.
Ethnomedicinal bioprospecting of Rhizophora apiculata leaves through in silico and in vitro approaches as antioxidant, ?-glucosidase inhibitor and anticancer
Authors: SIBERO MADA TRIANDALA , PRIBADI RUDHI , AMBARIYANTO AMBARIYANTO , HARYANTI DWI , KHARISMA VIOL DHEA , DEWI ARIYANTI S. , PATANTIS GINTUNG PATANTIS , ZILDA DEWI S. , MURWANI RETNO
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Sibero MT, Pribadi R, Ambariyanto A, Haryanti D, Kharisma VD, Dewi AS, Patantis G, Zilda DS, Murwani R. 2022. Ethnomedicinal bioprospecting of Rhizophora apiculata leaves through in silico and in vitro approaches as antioxidant, a-glucosidase inhibitor and anticancer. Biodiversitas 23: 6437-6447. Investigating marine natural products for biopharmaceutical development leads to a massive study of mangrove metabolites. Rhizophora apiculata is utilized as a traditional medicine by the local community in Indonesia. However, only a few studies reported the lead compounds. The aim of this study was to discover the biological properties of R. apiculata metabolites from the leaves as an antioxidant, a-glucosidase inhibitor, and anticancer agent through in vitro and in silico approaches. The leaves of R. apiculata were extracted and then fractionated using the silica-OCC method. All fractions were screened for antioxidant, a-glucosidase inhibitors, and cytotoxicity assays. Then the bioactive compounds in prospective fractions were identified using LC-HRMS. The selected compounds with ppm error <10 were applied for in silico analysis. The result of biological properties screening indicated Fr. 5 and Fr. 6 as the most potent sources of antioxidants, a-glucosidase inhibitors, and cytotoxic compounds. In total, 19 compounds were selected from two prospective fractions. The drug-likeness and bioavailability prediction results indicated that all selected compounds act as drug-like molecules. In addition, 17 were predicted to have antioxidant activity, and 15 compounds had antidiabetic activity. Moreover, 15 compounds had a more negative affinity binding than cytarabine. Molecular docking analysis showed that the mechanism of cytotoxicity against P388 Murine Leukaemia Cells was through the interaction of apigenin with protein tyrosine kinase (c-Kit) with a stronger inhibitory activity than the control drug (Cytarabine) and had the same binding site as the control (Cytarabine).
The ability of potassium-solubilizing fungi isolated from leucite potassium rock deposits
Authors: ANWAR ANDI RAHAYU , ALA AMBO , KUSWINANTI TUTIK , SYAM’UN ELKAWAKIB
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Anwar AR, Ala A, Kuswinanti T, Syam’un E. 2022. The ability of potassium-solubilizing fungi isolated from leucite potassium rock deposits. Biodiversitas 23: 6579-6586. Present investigation was aimed to explore the potassium-dissolving ability of some indigenous fungi living in Indonesian leucite tuffs from volcanic rock members of Camba Formation in Barru Regency, South Sulawesi Province. There are no such findings on potassium-solubilizing fungi from South Sulawesi Province. The recent study isolated some fungi strains from the rhizosphere of vegetation found in the potassium rock deposits using Alexandrov media. A total of 22 fungal strains were isolated and tested for their ability to dissolve potassium bound to the potassium carrier minerals, qualitatively and quantitatively. Production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) were also measured to test the ability of the fungus to produce growth regulator compounds. Fungal isolates with the highest dissolution index (IP) values were MgT1Pb, RgGc, PT3Pe, PT3Pa, JbT2Pa, JbT2Pd, and JbT2Pp. The highest amount of exchangeable potassium (K-exch.) was JbT2Pa with the amount of 919.8 ppm and MgT1Pb of 69.33 ppm. The isolate capable of producing the highest IAA was PsT2Pe at 6.820 ppm while the RgGd isolates resulted in the highest production of GA3 hormone at 4.116 ppm.
Growth of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) fed on young maize colonized with endophytic fungus Beauveria bassiana from South Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: FADDILAH DETYA ROSA , VERAWATY MARIESKA , HERLINDA SITI
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Faddilah DR, Verawaty M, Herlinda S. 2022. Growth of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) fed on young maize colonized with endophytic fungus Beauveria bassiana from South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6652-6660. The aim of present research was to evaluate the seed treated effect of endophytic Beauveria bassiana isolated from soil and infected-host cadavers on the growth of S. frugiperda. The three isolates (TaBrPGA, LtApPGA, and TaTtLH) of B. bassiana identified molecularly were used for bioassay. The research confirmed that isolates of B. bassiana isolated from soil and infected-host cadavers of Lepidoptera were endophytic entomopathogenic fungus. All isolates of endophytic B. bassiana caused negative effects on the growth of S. frugiperda larvae. TaTtLH isolate of B. bassiana was the most pathogenic isolate (73% of larvae mortality) among the other isolates. B. bassiana in seed treatment could retard the growth of S. frugiperda larvae, pupae, and adults. The endophytic B. bassiana could also kill the pupae and adults of S. frugiperda, and decrease the pupae and adult emergence. Beauveria bassiana could decrease 86% of adult emergence. Beauveria bassiana applied in seed treatment could protect since the stored corn seeds and the young maize plant against S. frugiperda. So, endophytic B. bassiana could be recommended to protect the stored corn seeds.
Enterobacter hormaechei KIMS8 and Enterobacter cloacae KIMS10 isolated from Kapuas River, Kalimantan, Indonesia as indigenous multi-resistant bacteria to copper and dyes
Authors: IRAWATI WAHYU , TIMOTHY MICHAEL , SOENTORO SAMUEL EMMANUEL , PINONTOAN REINHARD , YUWONO TRIWIBOWO , LINDARTO VALENTINE
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Irawati W, Timothy M, Soentoro SE, Pinontoan R, Yuwono T, Lindarto V. 2022. Enterobacter hormaechei KIMS8 and Enterobacter cloacae KIMS10 isolated from Kapuas River, Kalimantan, Indonesia as indigenous multi-resistant bacteria to copper and dyes. Biodiversitas 23: 6661-6668. Study on the characterization of multiple copper and dyes resistance in bacteria has so far been quite limited. It is, therefore, of interest to isolate and characterize such bacteria. The study was aimed to isolate bacteria from the Kapuas River in Indonesia and measuring copper resistance as well as dye-resistance and decolorization abilities. Copper resistance was determined by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of copper, while dye-resistance was measured by observing changes in colony color and clear zone formation and decolorization ability was determined by spectrophotometry. It was found that 2 out of the 15 isolated strains showed the highest copper resistance with the MIC of 7 mM. The two bacterial strains KIMS8 and KIMS10, were grown in solid media supplemented with 300 ppm of methylene blue or reactive black dye. Bacterial decolorization assays showed that KIMS8 was able to decolorize up to 90% methylene dye and up to 11.3% of reactive black dye whereas KIMS10 was able to decolorize 94.9% of methylene blue dye and 12.1% of reactive black dye. Molecular characterization by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of these two strains showed that KIMS8 and KIMS10 were identified as Enterobacter hormaechei and E. cloacae, respectively.