bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling social sustainability: analysis of hospitality e-distributors
Authors: Turker Duygu , Ozdemir Gokce
Published: March 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to propose a definition and model of social sustainability within the ambit of systems theory and to test it on hospitality e-distributors. The study suggests that social sustainability arises through the congruence among the interrelated components of social innovation, societal demand and social stakeholders in a transformation model and it can be assessed to whether and how this congruence addresses to the equity principles.

Design/methodology/approach

The study provides a case analysis on two selected hospitality e-distributors – Booking.com and Airbnb. The data obtained from a video-based content on managerial interviews were triangulated with the data of corporate disclosures and expert views derived from a focus group study.

Findings

The study reveals that both companies affect the intra-generational, procedural and geographical equity principles across physical and virtual communities so long as they take the advantage of their strategic positions. While Booking.com transforms its own industry, Airbnb disrupts the entire system by blurring the boundaries between market and non-market as well as touristic and non-touristic areas.

Practical implications

The study contributes to the practitioners by showing how to configure and assess the social sustainability of their organizations at the different contexts.

Social implications

The study provides a holistic perspective on social sustainability by linking the concept with social innovation, societal demand and social stakeholders and highlighting its contribution to equity principles.

Originality/value

Despite the proliferation of studies, the authors have very little understanding on the social pillar of sustainability. The current study fills the gap by addressing these conceptualization and measurement challenges in the literature.
Homoacetogenesis and microbial community composition are shaped by pH and total sulfide concentration
Authors: Ntagia Eleftheria , Chatzigiannidou Ioanna , Williamson Adam J. , Arends Jan B. A. , Rabaey Korneel
Published: March 2020

Biological CO2 sequestration through acetogenesis with H2 as electron donor is a promising technology to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Today, a major issue is the presence of impurities such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in CO2 containing gases, as they are known to inhibit acetogenesis in CO2‐based fermentations. However, exact values of toxicity and inhibition are not well‐defined. To tackle this uncertainty, a series of toxicity experiments were conducted, with a mixed homoacetogenic culture, total dissolved sulfide concentrations ([TDS]) varied between 0 and 5 mM and pH between 5 and 7. The extent of inhibition was evaluated based on acetate production rates and microbial growth. Maximum acetate production rates of 0.12, 0.09 and 0.04 mM h‐1 were achieved in the controls without sulfide at pH 7, pH 6 and pH 5. The half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50qAc) was 0.86, 1.16 and 1.36 mM [TDS] for pH 7, pH 6 and pH 5. At [TDS] above 3.33 mM, acetate production and microbial growth were completely inhibited at all pHs. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed major community composition transitions that could be attributed to both pH and [TDS]. Based on the observed toxicity levels, treatment approaches for incoming industrial CO2 streams can be determined.
Adherence to subcutaneous anti‐TNFα agents in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is largely influenced by pain and skin sensations at the injection site
Authors: Salaffi Fausto , Di Carlo Marco , Farah Sonia , Carotti Marina
Published: March 2020

Aim

The aims of this prospective study were to determine the dimension of adherence in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients receiving subcutaneously administered anti‐tumor necrosis factor‐α (anti‐TNFα) agents and to evaluate the influence of injection site pain and skin perceptions following subcutaneous administration of anti‐TNFα drugs on patients’ adherence.

Method

An inception cohort of patients starting subcutaneously administered anti‐TNFα treatment was enrolled. Injection site pain perception was assessed through the Self‐Injection Assessment Pain Questionnaire (SIAPQ), and adherence to treatment was ascertained by the Compliance Questionnaire for Rheumatology (CQR5). Associations between beliefs and non‐adherence, and the influence of demographic (age, disease duration, educational level), clinical (body mass index, patient global assessment, physician global assessment, Numerical Rating Scale of pain, Health Assessment Questionnaire–Disability Index, Simplified Disease Activity Index, and comorbidities measured by the modified Rheumatic Disease Comorbidty Index), and radiographic (Simple Erosion Narrowing Score) variables were assessed using logistic regression models.

Results

Adherence data over a 12‐month interval were available for 193 patients. Of these, 21.7% reported non‐adherence to anti‐TNFα therapy. No difference (P = .383) was found for anti‐TNFα drugs (adalimumab, etanercept, certolizumab pegol and golimumab). In the logistic model, age (P = .0029), higher disease activity (P = .020), low numbers of comorbidity conditions (P = .0004), injection site pain and skin perception (P = .0008), were significantly associated with increased likelihood of medication adherence.

Conclusion

Adherence is influenced by both demographic characteristics (age) and clinical factors (disease activity, comorbidity burden and injection site pain and skin perception) in RA patients.
Assessment of portable oxygen concentrators in infants undergoing hypoxic challenge testing. A randomised controlled crossover trial
Authors: Sailer Sebastian , Osona Rodriguez de Torres Borja , Gil Sanchez José Antonio , Bover Bauzà Catalina , Vetter‐Laracy Susanne , Figuerola Mulet Joan
Published: March 2020

Aim

Due to reduced PaO2, aircrafts at cruising altitudes are pressurised to a cabin altitude of 2438 m, equivalent to breathing FiO2 0.15. Portable oxygen concentrators (POCs) are approved for onboard oxygen supply with lack of evidence, especially in infants. We assessed POCs (continuous‐flow cPOC vs. pulsed‐flow pPOC) under simulated altitude conditions performing Hypoxic Challenge Testing (HCT).

Methods

In a randomised controlled crossover trial, we included patients <1 year born prematurely. In incidents of hypoxia (SpO2 ≤ 85%), oxygen was administered through POC. In patients with a positive hypoxia reversal, HCT was repeated 24 hours later. If hypoxia occurred during the second testing, oxygen was given using the alternative POC.

Results

We randomised 26 patients; 22 patients received allocated intervention (4 dropped out). Mean gestational age 30.4 weeks, mean corrected age 38.2 weeks. Both POCs achieved immediate hypoxia reversal in all cases (SpO2 cPOC/pPOC 98%/99.4% (95%CI −2.91, 0.01)) without any adverse events. No significant difference was observed in patients with BPD.

Conclusion

Both POCs generated sufficient oxygen to reverse HCT induced hypoxia. Although pPOCs are not recommended in paediatric age, our data suggest their effectiveness even in neonates without any associated adverse events. Future research on pPOCs safety is required to establish recommendations for their use.
Last meals inferred from the possible gut contents of a mummy: A case study from Astana Cemetery, Xinjiang, China*
Authors: Chen T. , Wang B. , Mai H. , Jiang H.
Published: March 2020

The gut contents of ancient humans have been proven to be the most direct evidence for palaeodietary study. In the Xinjiang region of north‐west China, large numbers of mummies are well preserved owing to the extremely dry environment to be found there. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) combined with multi‐archaeobotanical methods, including macrofossil examination, starch grain analysis, phytolith analysis and bran fragments analysis, were applied to investigate the possible gut contents (c.1300 bp by 14C dating) of a person unearthed at tomb 75TAM601 in Astana Cemetery, which were the public graveyards of the ancient Gaochang people (residents of Turpan, dating from about the third to the ninth centuries ce), in Turpan, Xinjiang. The result of the FTIR analysis showed that the matrix of the possible gut contents consisted of protein and starch and was characterized as undigested food residue. The white mineral fragments of this sample were from the decomposition products of the skeleton. The microfossil analysis demonstrated that Setaria italica, Panicum miliaceum and Triticum aestivum were the main cereal resources for the last meals eaten by the deceased. Moreover, direct macrofossil evidence also advocates for the importance of the three aforementioned cereal crops and fruits of Cucumis melo and Vitis vinifera in the person's diet.
Incidence, Risk Factors for and Outcomes of Transplant‐Associated Thrombotic Microangiopathy
Authors: Epperla Narendranath , Li Ang , Logan Brent , Fretham Caitrin , Chhabra Saurabh , Aljurf Mahmoud , Chee Lynette , Copelan Edward , Freytes César O. , Hematti Peiman , Lazarus Hillard M. , Litzow Mark , Nishihori Taiga , Olsson Richard F. , Prestidge Tim , Saber Wael , Wirk Baldeep , Yared Jean A. , Loren Alison , Pasquini Marcelo
Published: March 2020

Transplant‐associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA‐TMA) is a complication of allogeneic transplantation (allo‐HCT). The incidence and risk factors associated with TA‐TMA are not well known. A retrospective analysis from the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR) was conducted including patients receiving allo‐HCT between 2008 and 2016, with the primary objective of evaluating the incidence of TA‐TMA. Secondary objectives included identification of risk factors associated with TA‐TMA, and the impact of TA‐TMA on overall survival and the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT). Among 23,665 allo‐HCT recipients, the 3‐year cumulative incidence of TA‐TMA was 3%. Variables independently‐associated with increased incidence of TA‐TMA included female sex, prior autologous transplant, primary disease (acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and severe aplastic anaemia), donor type (mismatched or unrelated donor), conditioning intensity (myeloablative), GVHD prophylaxis (sirolimus + calcineurin inhibitor), pre‐transplant kidney dysfunction and acute GVHD (time‐varying effect). TA‐TMA was associated with higher mortality (HR = 3·1, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 2·8–16·3) and RRT requirement (HR = 7·1, 95% CI = 5·7–311·6). This study provides epidemiologic data on TA‐TMA and its impact on transplant outcomes. Increased awareness of the risk factors will enable providers to be vigilant of this uncommon but serious transplant complication. The results will also provide benchmarking for future study designs and comparisons.
Sphingosine kinase‐2 is overexpressed in large granular lymphocyte leukaemia and promotes survival through Mcl‐1
Authors: LeBlanc Francis R. , Pearson Jennifer M. , Tan Su‐Fern , Cheon HeeJin , Xing Jeffrey C. , Dunton Wendy , Feith David J. , Loughran Thomas P.
Published: March 2020

Sphingolipid metabolism is increasingly recognised as a therapeutic target in cancer due to its regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. The sphingolipid rheostat is proposed to control cell fate through maintaining balance between pro‐apoptotic and pro‐survival sphingolipids. This balance is regulated by metabolising enzymes involved in sphingolipid production. One such enzyme, sphingosine kinase‐2 (SPHK2), produces pro‐survival sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P) by phosphorylation of pro‐apoptotic sphingosine. Elevated SPHK2 has been found in multiple cancer types and contributes to cell survival, chemotherapeutic resistance and apoptosis resistance. We have previously shown elevation of S1P in large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukaemia serum and cells isolated from patients. Here, we examined SPHK2 expression in LGL leukaemia and found SPHK2 mRNA and protein upregulation in a majority of LGL leukaemia patient samples. Knockdown of SPHK2 with siRNA in LGL leukaemia cell lines decreased proliferation. Additionally, the use of ABC294640 or K145, both SPHK2‐specific inhibitors, decreased viability of LGL leukaemia cell lines. ABC294640 selectively induced apoptosis in LGL cell lines and freshly isolated LGL leukaemia patient cells compared to normal controls. Mechanistically, SPHK2 inhibition downregulated pro‐survival myeloid cell leukaemia‐1 (Mcl‐1) protein through proteasomal degradation. Targeting of SPHK2 therefore provides a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of LGL leukaemia.
How physical interaction with insight problems affects solution rates, hint use, and cognitive load
Authors: Chuderski Adam , Jastrzębski Jan , Kucwaj Hanna
Published: March 2020

So‐called insight problems are widely studied because they tap into the creative thinking that is crucial for solving real problems. However, insight problems are typically presented in static formats (on paper, computer) that allow no physical interaction with the problem elements, whereas such an interaction might in fact reduce the load on limited cognitive resources, such as working memory (WM) capacity, thereby facilitating solutions. To test this proposition, 124 young adults were allowed to interact physically with nine established insight problems, while another 124 people attempted to solve these problems using paper and pencil. Additionally, hints were provided for three problems that typically no‐one solves. No general facilitating effect of physical interaction was found, with only one problem clearly benefitting from it. Furthermore, making use of hints was actually hindered by physical interaction. No difference in perceived task load and correlation with WM capacity was observed between the formats, and subjective ratings of insight were virtually unaffected by presentation format. Overall, physical interaction minimally affected insight problem‐solving, which appears to rely strongly on internalized cognitive processing involving WM.
Changes in dental caries and sugar intake before and during the conflict in Libya: A natural experiment
Authors: Arheiam Arheiam A. , Harris Rebecca Vera , Baker Sarah R.
Published: March 2020

Objectives

The primary aim of this study was to investigate the impact of reduced sugar consumption on caries experience among 12‐year‐old Libyan schoolchildren during the Libyan conflict, in comparison to preconflict data collected in the same water‐fluoridated setting from a similar age group. A further aim was to investigate the socio‐demographic and behavioural factors which may impact caries levels during the conflict.

Methods

A natural experiment in which dental caries data before and during the Libyan conflict, over a 9‐year period, was compared. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted between December 2016 and February 2017 to collect during‐conflict data comparable to preconflict data collected in 2007. A random sample of 1134, 12‐year‐olds were recruited from public schools in Benghazi. Epidemiological examinations were undertaken by three trained examiners to measure dental caries. Questionnaires addressing socio‐demographic and behaviours related to oral health were completed by participants. Data were analysed using SPSS 24, at P ≤ .05.

Results

In the during‐conflict period, caries prevalence was 42.8% and mean DMFT was 1.09 (SD ± 1.57). These figures were significantly lower than the caries prevalence and severity reported in the preconflict group (P < .001). Logistic regression analysis indicated that male children, those who frequently consumed sugary drinks, who drank bottled water (low fluoride) and whose fathers had relatively lowly occupations were more likely to have dental caries (all P < .05).

Conclusions

This study indicates that decreased levels of sugar intake during the Libyan conflict are associated with a decline in dental caries prevalence and severity. This provides some support for the notion that reducing sugar intake is still an important factor in caries prevention and control even when fluorides are available in public water and toothpaste.
Cutaneous microsporidiosis in an immunosuppressed patient
Authors: Nadelman Daniel A. , Bradt Ashley R. , Qvarnstrom Yvonne , Goldsmith Cynthia S. , Zaki Sherif R. , Wang Frank , Smith Emily H. , Fullen Douglas R.
Published: March 2020

Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular parasites that naturally infect domestic and wild animals. Human microsporidiosis is an increasingly recognized multisystem opportunistic infection. The clinical manifestations are diverse with diarrhea being the most common presenting symptom. We present a 52‐year‐old woman with a history of amyopathic dermatomyositis complicated by interstitial lung disease managed with mycophenolate mofetil and hydroxychloroquine who presented with a 7‐month history of recurrent subcutaneous nodules as well as intermittent diarrhea and chronic sinusitis. A punch biopsy showed superficial and deep lymphocytic and granulomatous dermatitis with focal necrosis. Tissue stains for microorganisms revealed oval 1 to 3 μm spores within the necrotic areas in multiple tissue stains. Additional studies at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention confirmed cutaneous microsporidiosis. This case is one of very few confirmed examples of cutaneous microsporidiosis reported in the literature.
RACE AND EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES: EVIDENCE FROM NBA COACHES
Authors: Hill Nicholas , Remer Marc
Published: March 2020

We study the impact of management diversity on employment outcomes using data on NBA head coaches that includes information on the race of each coach and his supervisor. We find that a supervisor is more likely to hire a coach of his own race. We also find that black coaches are less likely to be rehired to a second job within three years than their white counterparts, and that a head coach's race affects the quality of the opportunities he is offered. These findings are stronger for first‐time coaches than experienced coaches, suggesting that observable information on performance mitigates bias. (JEL J0, J4, J7)
Temporal and dietary niche is context‐dependent in tropical ants
Authors: Houadria Mickal , Menzel Florian
Published: March 2020

1. Niche traits (those that describe a species' niche) are not constant within a species, and the importance of intraspecific variation is increasingly appreciated. However, little is known about the extent of niche variability across species. This study investigated variation in dietary and temporal niches of ant species in two tropical rainforests.

2. Ants were collected from baits reflecting seven different natural resources and from pitfalls at 128 grid points. Sampling was done separately for day and night. Co‐occurrence analyses were used to estimate the monopolisation capacity of each species.

3. It was expected that species would show similar dietary and temporal preferences across sites. Therefore, species with high or low niche variability between grid points (within a site) should show similar tendencies when comparing sites. It was predicted that between sites, intraspecific variability should be lower than interspecific variability, and that numerically dominant species should have higher monopolisation rates and lower intraspecific niche variability than less common ones.

4. These results showed that niche traits such as temporal activity and realised food niche shifted drastically between conspecifics of different sites. Even the most common species showed different food or temporal preferences between sites. In general, species with the highest monopolisation rates displayed lower niche variability.

5. This study also demonstrates that niche characterisation via combined continuous rather than categorical values permits a quantification of a species' niche variability. Categorising niche traits without considering context dependency may be misleading if one tries to assess niche width and a species' ability to cope with environmental change.
Characterisation of the damaging micromechanisms in a pearlitic ductile cast iron and damage assessment by acoustic emission testing
Authors: D'Angela Danilo , Ercolino Marianna , Bellini Costanzo , Di Cocco Vittorio , Iacoviello Francesco
Published: March 2020

The damaging micromechanisms in a pearlitic (EN‐GJS700‐2) ductile cast iron (DCI) are investigated by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis and acoustic emission (AE) testing. Monotonic uniaxial tensile tests are performed on microtensile specimens under strain control. SEM analysis is applied under in situ conditions by means of a tensile holder. The multiple damaging micromechanisms are identified, and their evolution along with the mechanical response is characterised. The traditional AE features are found to be qualitatively correlated to the onset of the fracture damage over the elastic behaviour. The information entropy of the AEs evaluated according to both Shannon and Kullback‐Leibler formulations is proven to be well correlated to the ongoing damage and the incipient failure. Tentative failure criteria are finally proposed. The assessment approach is found to be promising for structural health monitoring purposes.
Intracellular ATP levels influence cell fates in Dictyostelium discoideum differentiation
Authors: Hiraoka Haruka , Nakano Tadashi , Kuwana Satoshi , Fukuzawa Masashi , Hirano Yasuhiro , Ueda Masahiro , Haraguchi Tokuko , Hiraoka Yasushi
Published: March 2020

Multicellular organisms contain various differentiated cells. Fate determination of these cells remains a fundamental issue. The cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum is a useful model organism for studying differentiation; it proliferates as single cells in nutrient‐rich conditions, which aggregate into a multicellular body upon starvation, subsequently differentiating into stalk cells or spores. The fates of these cells can be predicted in the vegetative phase: Cells expressing higher and lower levels of omt12 differentiate into stalk cells and spores, respectively. However, omt12 is merely a marker gene and changes in its expression do not influence the cell fate, and determinant factors remain unknown. In this study, we analyzed cell fate determinants in the stalk‐destined and spore‐destined cells that were sorted based on omt12 expression. Luciferase assay demonstrated higher levels of intracellular ATP in the stalk‐destined cells than in the spore‐destined cells. Live‐cell observation during development using ATP sensor probes revealed that cells with higher ATP levels differentiated into stalk cells. Furthermore, reducing the ATP level by treating with an inhibitor of ATP production changed the differentiation fates of the stalk‐destined cells to spores. These results suggest that intracellular ATP levels influence cell fates in D. discoideum differentiation.
Assessing return on investment in health libraries requires lateral thinking
Authors: Urquhart Christine
Published: March 2020

This study considers the status of trends in value and impact research in health libraries and discusses how return on investment approaches such as social value analysis could be used. It uses an example, based on the Health Education England evaluation framework for health library and knowledge services, to outline how a theory of change can be developed. Health libraries now work more closely with health care staff and researchers in co‐creating value and impact for improving patient care. Therefore, collection of data to assess social value should be drawn not only from performance data already collected by libraries, but also data collection by and for the health care organisation on evaluation of care quality and professional competence.
Peer‐led information literacy training: a qualitative study of students’ experiences of the NICE Evidence search Student Champion Scheme
Authors: Aylward Kathryn , Sbaffi Laura , Weist Anne
Published: March 2020

Background

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Evidence search Student Champion Scheme aims to enable undergraduate health and social care students to teach their peers skills for information literacy (IL), thereby encouraging future evidence‐based practice.

Objectives

To analyse the Student Champions’ teaching methods; discover what effects the Scheme had on their IL; and uncover any differences between disciplines.

Methods

Fifty‐one reflective reports, written by Student Champions and submitted to NICE, were thematically analysed using a non‐linear six‐stage model. Four health disciplines from academic year 2017/2018 were featured.

Results

(a) Students preferred active teaching methods; (b) reported benefits of participation included gaining/developing new skills and increased confidence; (c) students believed that participating improved their skills for IL; (d) multiple recommendations for improving the Scheme were given; and (e) students wanted the Scheme to be offered earlier in their degrees.

Discussion

Champions from all disciplines positively benefit from participating in the Scheme. However, they also have concerns which are not well‐documented in the literature.

Conclusion

Student Champions have overall positive experiences. There is demonstrated improvement in their IL, and they become familiar with a useful evidence‐based practice resource. They also offer recommendations for future improvements to the Scheme.
Advanced Multilevel Monte Carlo Methods
Authors: Jasra Ajay , Law Kody , Suciu Carina
Published: March 2020

This article reviews the application of some advanced Monte Carlo techniques in the context of multilevel Monte Carlo (MLMC). MLMC is a strategy employed to compute expectations, which can be biassed in some sense, for instance, by using the discretization of an associated probability law. The MLMC approach works with a hierarchy of biassed approximations, which become progressively more accurate and more expensive. Using a telescoping representation of the most accurate approximation, the method is able to reduce the computational cost for a given level of error versus i.i.d. sampling from this latter approximation. All of these ideas originated for cases where exact sampling from couples in the hierarchy is possible. This article considers the case where such exact sampling is not currently possible. We consider some Markov chain Monte Carlo and sequential Monte Carlo methods, which have been introduced in the literature, and we describe different strategies that facilitate the application of MLMC within these methods.
Climate‐associated genetic variation in Fagus sylvatica and potential responses to climate change in the French Alps
Authors: Capblancq Thibaut , Morin Xavier , Gueguen Maya , Renaud Julien , Lobreaux Stéphane , Bazin Eric
Published: March 2020

Local adaptation patterns have been found in many plants and animals, highlighting the genetic heterogeneity of species along their range of distribution. In the next decades, global warming is predicted to induce a change in the selective pressures that drive this adaptive variation, forcing a reshuffling of the underlying adaptive allele distributions. For species with low dispersion capacity and long generation time such as trees, the rapidity of the change could impede the migration of beneficial alleles and lower their capacity to track the changing environment. Identifying the main selective pressures driving the adaptive genetic variation is thus necessary when investigating species capacity to respond to global warming. In this study, we investigate the adaptive landscape of Fagus sylvatica along a gradient of populations in the French Alps. Using a double‐digest restriction‐site‐associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing approach, we identified 7,000 SNPs from 570 individuals across 36 different sites. A redundancy analysis (RDA)‐derived method allowed us to identify several SNPs that were strongly associated with climatic gradients; moreover, we defined the primary selective gradients along the natural populations of F. sylvatica in the Alps. Strong effects of elevation and humidity, which contrast north‐western and south‐eastern site, were found and were believed to be important drivers of genetic adaptation. Finally, simulations of future genetic landscapes that used these findings allowed identifying populations at risk for F. sylvatica in the Alps, which could be helpful for future management plans.
Evaluation of weakly acidic electrolyzed water and modified atmosphere packaging on the shelf life and quality of farmed puffer fish (Takifugu obscurus) during cold storage
Authors: Li Peiyun , Chen Zhijie , Tan Mingtang , Mei Jun , Xie Jing
Published: March 2020

The combined effect of weakly acidic electrolyzed water (WAEW) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) treatments on the quality of puffer fish (Takifugu obscurus) during cold storage was studied on aspects of microbiological activity, texture, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N), trimethylamine (TMA), free amino acids (FAAs), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), ATP‐related compounds and K value, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and organoleptic properties. As a result, significantly (p < .05) higher inhibitory effects on total viable counts (TVC), H2S‐producing bacteria (including Shewanella putrefaciens), Pseudomonas spp., and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were observed in WAEW‐treated puffer fish packaged in 60%CO2/5%O2/35%N2 atmosphere than that in air package and vacuum package with/without WAEW‐treated samples. In addition, chemical results showed that WAEW together with MAP treatments were highly efficient in maintaining lower TVB‐N, TMA, and TBARS values in refrigerated puffer fish. Moreover, the presence of WAEW combined with MAP treatments showed positive effects on retarding the relative content of fishy flavor compounds, such as 1‐octen‐3‐ol, 1‐penten‐3‐ol, hexanal, heptanal, nonanal, decanal, (E)‐2‐octenal, and 2,3‐butanedione. As a whole, the combined effect of WAEW and MAP on refrigerated puffer fish is advisable to maintain better quality and extend the shelf life.
In vitro proliferation of human epidermal melanocytes biopsied from multiple anatomical sites
Authors: Yang Hui‐Ju , Yang Kuo‐Chia , Wang Yu‐Fen , Yang Yuan‐Ting , Ko Jiunn‐Liang
Published: March 2020

Background

Vitiligo is an acquired disease that involves low pigment variation in the skin. The use of cultured melanocytes for treatment of recalcitrant vitiligo has become a well‐established treatment modality. In vitro cultured melanocytes present an effective autologous transplantation treatment modality for vitiligo. The present study investigated the in vitro culture of epidermal melanocytes sampled from multiple body parts, as well as the differences in total propagation time.

Methods

Skin specimens were collected from 30 participants (14 males and 16 females) who supplied normal colored skin sections from various regions of their body, including the face, chest, abdomen, buttock, and extremities. Subsequently, all of these specimens were treated with an identical melanocyte purification and culturing process.

Results

Melanocytes from the face demonstrated the most rapid growth and longest total propagation time. Melanocytes from the buttock, abdomen, and extremities displayed similar results to one another, and melanocytes from the chest and back had the slowest growth and shortest total propagation time.

Conclusion

Selecting the most favorable site to obtain epidermal melanocytes will reduce the required quantity of skin and culturing time, and maximize the growth and total propagation time of melanocytes. Therefore, care should be exercised when selecting the region of skin when culturing epidermal melanocytes.
Predicting long‐term prognosis in severe alcoholic hepatitis
Authors: Stickel Felix , Morgan Marsha Y.
Published: March 2020

See Article on Page 565
Low‐GGT intrahepatic cholestasis associated with biallelic USP53 variants: Clinical, histological and ultrastructural characterization
Authors: Zhang Jing , Yang Ye , Gong Jing‐Yu , Li Li‐Ting , Li Jia‐Qi , Zhang Mei‐Hong , Lu Yi , Xie Xin‐Bao , Hong Yu‐Ren , Yu Zhang , Knisely A. S. , Wang Jian‐She
Published: March 2020

Background & Aims

In about 20% of children with cholestasis and normal or low serum gamma‐glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity, no aetiology is identified. We sought new genes implicated in paediatric hepatobiliary disease.

Methods

We conducted whole‐exome sequencing in 69 children evaluated at our centre from 2011 to 2018 who had low‐GGT cholestasis and in whom homozygous/compound heterozygous predictedly pathogenic variants (PPVs) in ATP8B1, ABCB11, NR1H4, MYO5B or TJP2 were not found. Clinical records and findings on light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy of liver biopsy materials were reviewed.

Results

In seven patients from seven unrelated families, biallelic PPVs (10 in total) were found in USP53, recently associated with intrahepatic cholestasis. Seven variants were classified as pathogenic: one canonical splicing, c.569 + 2T > C, and six nonsense or frameshifting: c.169C > T (p.Arg57Ter), c.581delA (p.Arg195GlufsTer38), c.831_832insAG (p.Val279GlufsTer16), c.1012C > T (p.Arg338Ter), c.1426C > T (p.Arg476Ter) and c.1558C > T (p.Arg520Ter). Three were likely pathogenic: c.297G > T (p.Arg99Ser), c.395A > G (p.His132Arg) and c.878G > T (p.Gly293Val). In all patients, jaundice began at age <7 months. Cholestasis was transient, with documented resolution of hyperbilirubinaemia in all (oldest patient now aged 5 years) except one, who was lost to follow‐up. Light microscopy identified intralobular cholestasis, giant‐cell change of hepatocytes and perisinusoidal‐perihepatocytic and portal‐tract fibrosis. Ultrastructural study revealed elongated hepatocyte‐hepatocyte tight junctions. One patient was deaf.

Conclusion

USP53 interacts with the tight junction constituent TJP2. TJP2 mutation can cause low‐GGT intrahepatic cholestasis, with elongated hepatocyte‐hepatocyte tight junctions, as well as deafness. Our findings extend a preliminary report of USP53 disease and indicate that USP53 mutation may generate a partial phenocopy of TJP2 disease.
Better governance for integrated management of the Lake Biwa—Yodo River Basin
Authors: Nakatsuka Norio , Kosaka Shoji , Taki Kentaro , Nakamura Masahisa , Nakagawa Hiroji
Published: March 2020

The present study discusses the efforts of the Union of Kansai Governments to resolve serious issues in the Lake Biwa—Yodo River Basin in Japan. It identifies many of the issues related to the basin on a ‘no man's land’ mindset of today's governmental framework, which has constrained both the will and the approach to remedy the associated problems. It also highlights better governance that not only encourages individual efforts, but also promotes collaboration and cooperation among the major stakeholders in the area, as important to developing acceptable solutions to relevant issues. The present study also recognizes objective scientific evidence as an effective driver for improving governance, being the basis for making informed decisions and highlighting the use of appropriate indicators to evaluate the conditions characterizing a specific location or the basin as a whole. The present study also describes the Union of Kansai Governments as a behind‐the‐scenes coordinator that gathers knowledge and intelligence on the basin, and works to integrate policies by getting basin stakeholders to gradually improve governance by repeating a cycle of: (a) recognizing the current situation; (b) identifying relevant issues to be addressed; (c) establishing a framework and policy for collaboration and corporation; and (d) taking necessary actions. To this end, the present study discusses the studies and efforts of the Union of Kansai Governments to develop and implement integrated management of this important interlinked lake–river water system in Japan.
Ambivalent sexism of nursing students in Turkey and South Korea: A cross‐cultural comparison study
Authors: Tekkas Kader K. , Beser Ayse , Park Sihyun
Published: March 2020

Culture has become increasingly important concepts in nursing in the era of globalization. Nurses' cultural biases and prejudices are huge obstacles to their caring for patients from diverse cultural backgrounds. Therefore, this study examined sexism among nursing students from two patriarchal societies: Turkey influenced by Islam, and South Korea influenced by Confucianism. For this comparative study, we used the survey data from the sample of 560 nursing students, 309 from Turkey and 251 from South Korea. The findings showed that both samples showed high levels of sexism, both hostile and benevolent. When comparing the two samples, Turkish nursing students showed significantly higher sexism than did Korean students. Additionally, in both countries, male participants showed higher scores on sexism, especially hostile sexism. In terms of age, older students in Turkey showed lower levels of benevolent sexism. We hope the findings of this study can provide evidence to develop customized transcultural nursing education content in the context of different ethnicities and to help nurses and nursing students from specific cultural backgrounds in becoming aware of their own cultures.
Botrytis cinerea induces local hypoxia in Arabidopsis leaves
Authors: Valeri Maria Cristina , Novi Giacomo , Weits Daan A. , Mensuali Anna , Perata Pierdomenico , Loreti Elena
Published: March 2020

Low oxygen availability often is associated with soil waterlogging or submergence, but may occur also as hypoxic niches in otherwise aerobic tissues. Experimental evidence assigns a role in Botrytis cinerea resistance to a group of oxygen‐unstable Ethylene Response Factors (ERF‐VII). Given that infection by B. cinerea often occurs in aerobic organs such as leaves, where ERF‐VII stability should be compromised, we explored the possibility of local leaf hypoxia at the site of infection.

We analyzed the expression of hypoxia‐responsive genes in infected leaves. Confocal microscopy was utilized to verify the localization of the ERF‐VII protein RAP2.12. Oxygen concentration was measured to evaluate the availability of oxygen (O2).

We discovered that infection by B. cinerea induces increased respiration, leading to a drastic drop in the O2 concentration in an otherwise fully aerobic leaf. The establishment of a local hypoxic area results in stabilization and nuclear relocalization of RAP2.12. The possible roles of defence elicitors, ABA and ethylene were evaluated.

Local hypoxia at the site of B. cinerea infection allows the stabilization of ERF‐VII proteins. Hypoxia at the site of pathogen infection generates a nearly O2‐free environment that may affect the stability of other N‐degron‐regulated proteins as well as the metabolism of elicitors.
A Parsons Tale: Tractarian Reflections on a Semantical Paradox
Authors: Dillard Peter S.
Published: March 2020

According to Charles Parsons, a liar sentence does not express a proposition at the level of its primary use but does at the level where it is subjected to semantic interpretation. Thus, richer ontological resources unavailable at the level of primary use are available at the level of interpretation. In response to the objection that the correct semantic interpretation of a liar sentence is thereby distorted, I explain how Wittgenstein’s repudiation of “logical objects” and the Tractarian notion of an intrinsically iterative operation show that the liar sentence’s primary use anticipates but does not presuppose the richer interpretive ontology.
Availability of Hats That Meet Australian Sun‐safety Standards at a Major Canberra Shopping Complex
Authors: Kanellis Vangelis George , Kanellis Alice Louise
Published: March 2020

Good sun‐safety practice includes wearing sun‐protective hats that must meet defined photoprotective criteria such as the 2017 Australian/New Zealand standard (AS/NZS 4399:2017). This study investigated the availability of sun‐safe hats during a three‐day cross‐sectional survey in November 2019 by visiting every shop in a single large multi‐store shopping complex in Australia. Hats were categorized according to whether the target customer was an adult or child prior to the assessment of design suitability for sun safety according to the standard. Of the 260 shops in the study shopping center, 30 (12%) sold hats. Of the 524 hats examined in the study, 69% of all commercially available hats for adults and children did not meet the standard. Of the 9% of hats that had swing tags claiming an Ultraviolet Protection Factor of 50 (UPF‐50), about half were not sun safe. Further research is needed to investigate the possibility of whether sun‐safety hat standards should be given to retailers of hats for display, or whether manufacturers could be required to put warning labels on all hats that do not meet sun‐safety hat standards.
Solubilization of Hexyl Aminolevulinate by Surfactants for Tumor Fluorescence Detection
Authors: Ma Lirong , Yang Xuanlin , Yao Xiuzhong , Weng Weiyu
Published: March 2020

Hexyl aminolevulinate (HAL) is a lipophilic derivative of 5‐aminolevulinic acid (5‐ALA) and can induce more protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) formation and stronger fluorescence intensity (FI) than 5‐ALA, which will greatly facilitate photodynamic diagnosis and therapy. The main drawback of HAL is its low solubility in neutral aqueous media. In this study, surfactants were used to increase HAL solubility in the cell culture medium and serum, followed by in vitro fluorescence formation measurement in human pancreatic cancer cells (SW1990) and in vivo fluorescence detection in tumor‐bearing mice. The results showed that Tween 80 (TW80) and Kolliphor® HS 15 (HS15) increased the solubility of HAL in the selected media. Although TW80 and HS15 exhibited in vitro cytotoxicity at high concentrations (5 mg mL−1), they facilitated fluorescent signal formation at the early stage of cell incubation. When surfactants were used, the FI should be determined without the routine washing process because surfactant‐containing culture medium caused the loss of synthesized PpIX during the washing process. When HAL dissolved in TW80 solution was injected intraperitoneally into pancreatic cancer‐bearing mice at a dose of 50 mg kg−1, the tumors exhibited red fluorescence, which indicated that systemic administration of surfactant‐solubilized HAL might be applicable for tumor fluorescence detection in vivo.
He Heard, She Heard: Toward a Cultural Sociology of the Senses
Authors: Lembo Alessandra
Published: March 2020

When studying cultural goods, sociologists have tended to focus on the production of those goods, and on the social patterning of tastes. To date, little work has considered the organization of cultural experience. This reflects both a general historical devaluation of the embodied and experiential aspects of social life, and a tendency among scholars to view language and discourse as distinct from embodied and practical elements of culture. In this article, I introduce an interview method designed to facilitate the description of music experience. My data reveal gender differences in descriptions of a particular subtype of sonic experience, which suggest potential variations in experience. These findings indicate that (1) experience and discourse are culturally structured, (2) a more generative (re)conceptualization of the language‐experience relation emphasizes domain interdependence rather than independence, and (3) particular types of language can facilitate the expression of harder‐to‐articulate qualities of experience.
LATE NEOGENE DEFORMATION OF ROCK SUCCESSIONS AT RENAH GAJAH MATI I REGION, SELUMA REGENCY IN BENGKULU
Authors: Zuhri Wahidin , Sutriyono Edy
Published: March 2020

Lack of work focusing on deformation mechanism has been undertaken in the Late Tertiary sequence during Late Neogene time at the Renah Gajah Mati I region in Bengkulu basin. The present study was aimed at reconstructing tectonic deformation occurring within the basin during the Late Neogene, employing balancing and restoring techniques, kinematic and dynamic analyses. The Late Neogene deformation was mainly controlled by compression, which has resulted in folding and thrusting. Hence, the rock sections underwent shortening that varied from 1.42-1.83 km or 0.75%-0.78% with the estimated rate of deformation 0.12-0.15 mm/year. Two types of tectonic structures developed within the region, fault propagation folds and trishear faults. The brittle deformation extended sequentially in the direction of tectonic transport, resulting in a series of faults. The generated faults constitute imbricate fans with a relatively closely-spaced thrust system. The array of thrusts is apparently associated with folds that strike NW-SE, implying the geometry of fault-linked folding. The hanging wall anticlines are generally asymmetric overturned folds, indicating a shallow ramping fault with a high shear pattern. In regional context, the general strike of structures within the study area appears relatively parallel to the NW-SE trending Barisan orogen. This feature suggests that tectonic transport responsible for structuring was likely at the NE- SW direction.
CHARACTERIZATION OF EDIBLE FILM BASED ON DIFFERENT RATIOS OF κ-CARRAGEENAN/GELATINE WITH THE ADDITION OF CANOLA OIL
Authors: Syarifuddin Adiansyah , Paddasejati Paddasejati , Dirpan Andi , Kuswandi Sukendar Nandi , Muhammad Tahir Mulyati
Published: March 2020

κ-carrageenan/gelatin mixtures and canola oil can form an emulsion film when they are well combined and can mediate the release of volatile substances. The objectives of this study were: 1) to investigate the effect of different ratios of κ-carrageenan/gelatin with and without the addition of canola oil on moisture content, solubility, thickness, water vapor transmission rate, tensile strength and percent elongation, 2) to study the release of ethyl acetate with different ratios of κ-carrageenan/gelatin with added canola oil. Edible films were prepared with varying ratios of κ-carrageenan/gelatin with and without the addition of canola oil. Ethyl acetate release from selected films was also observed. The results showed that different ratios of κ-carrageenan/gelatin with canola oil addition induced changes in moisture content, thickness, water vapor transmission rate, and tensile strength (p<0.05). A significant decrease in the water vapor transmission rate of films was induced by canola oil with a ratio of κ-carrageenan/gelatin of 1.35:1.65. In addition, κ-carrageenan/gelatin at a ratio of 1.35:1.65 with added canola oil triggered a larger release of ethyl acetate. These findings confirmed that different ratios of κ-carrageenan/gelatin with canola oil could be used to tailor emulsified films with enhanced barrier properties and to trigger the release of volatile substances.
Multiple underwater sound scattering by cylindrically symmetric anomalies
Authors: Ivansson Sven M.
Published: March 2020

A number of previous papers have treated scattering by a single cylindrically symmetric anomaly, such as a seamount, in an otherwise laterally homogeneous medium. The present paper makes an extension to several anomalies, including multiple scattering among them, and to sound sources within a horizontal anomaly region. Each anomaly is modeled as a sequence of laterally homogeneous rings. Reflection (or scattering) matrices, recursively computed by an initial outward marching step, relate the expansion coefficients for incoming and outgoing normal modes. Expressing the scattered waves from each anomaly as incoming waves on the other anomalies, with a standard approach to multiple scattering problems, a linear equation system appears for the amplitudes of these scattered waves. This equation system is solved iteratively, with a physical interpretation of the iterates as partial waves. An inward marching step, stabilized by the stored reflection matrices to incorporate the inner boundary conditions, finally yields the interior field for each anomaly. It follows by wavefield reciprocity that the reflection matrices are symmetric. As a consequence, the mentioned partial waves satisfy the reciprocity principle individually.