bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heavy Metal Distribution and Sedimentary Control in the East Side of Pingtan Island
Authors: Hu Yi , Chen Jian , Xu Jiang
Published: November 2012

Analysis the heavy metal element content and grain size of surface sediment in the eastern of Pingtan Island around the upwelling region, combined with the correlation analysis methods, discusses the relationship between the sediment grain size and content of heavy metal elements in this upwelling region. The results show that, fine particulate matter has certain enrichment effect to some heavy metal elements. Correlation analysis showed that, fine particulate matter can enriched heavy metal elements, such as Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co. and the Cr and As elements showed certain independence, and not relevant with the particle size, no obvious correlation with the other heavy metal elements, only has certain correlation with individual elements, show that this element have certain degree of selectivity.
The Study on Experiments of Oilfield Wastewater Treatment by Microwave-Assisted Demulsification
Authors: Cui Hong Mei , Ke Ling Fei , Qi Han Bing , Chen Li Yun
Published: November 2012

Oily wastewater from oil field by microwave induced and catalytic demulsification was studied in this paper. The advantages and prospects of the microwave technology was analyzed. Microwave treatment of oilfield wastewater has advantages such as equipment occupies a small space, easy to operate, portable, easy to transport, easy to installation and commissioning, short reaction time, high efficiency, discharge water which has good quality, temperature and other factors do not affect the treatment oilfield wastewater effect and so on. Microwave also has a bactericidal effect which was applicable to treat oilfield wastewater in both South and North of China. When the processing time is 2.5 min at temperature 57°C, microwave demulsification has the best effect. Based on the research of microwave demulsifucation mechanism, a conclusion is reached that microwave heating effect and microwave catalytic eddect play a leading role on the demulsification.
Research on Indoor Air Pollution Controll in China
Authors: Zhuo Yu Guo , Liu Jun , Zhang Yu Chun
Published: November 2012

According to present status in China to controll indoor air pollution should go on from six aspects that are temperature, relative humidity, ventilation, selecting material, purification technology and plant purification. The higher the temperature and relative humidity is, the easier indoor air pollutants are released. Ventilation and selecting material is an efficient way to controll indoor air pollution. Plant purification is a good way to improve the living environment.
Study on the Treatment Technology of Polluted Soil with Heavy Metal
Authors: Zhang Zhen Ying , Wu Da Zhi , Cai Qi Mao
Published: November 2012

The main ways of soil polluted by heavy metal are analyzed, and the technical methods of treating the polluted soil have been put forward. The research results show that physical rehabilitation, cement solidification and plant-remediation are main technologies to treat the polluted soil. The research results can be used for provided reference in actual projects.
Experimental Study on the Permeability of Fresh Municipal Solid Waste
Authors: Zhang Zhen Ying , Wu Da Zhi , Cai Qi Mao
Published: November 2012

Basing on traditional constant head permeability test with large scale specimen, the permeability of municipal solid waste has been studied. The municipal solid waste material is divided into three parts: the material that is easy to be biodegraded, reinforced material that is difficult to be biodegraded and the incompressible solid waste material. Two different proportions of these three parts, which are 50%, 15%, 35% and 65%, 10%, 25% are selected. A series of laboratory tests have been performed for different initial void ratios, and the initial void ratios are 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5, respectively. Testing results show that the initial void ratio and the content of the organic matter are the main influence factors on the permeability coefficient of the municipal solid waste. Besides, the coefficient of permeability decreases with the decreasement of the initial void ratio of the municipal solid waste. Furthermore, when the proportion of the three parts is 65%, 10% and 25%, the coefficient of permeability varies from 7.8×10-4 to 3.72×10-3 centimeter per second, and when the proportion of three parts is 50%, 15% and 35%, the coefficient of permeability varies from 1.08×10-3 to 6.67×10-3 centimeter per second.
Research on the Strata Behaviors and Technical Economical Effect of Gob-Side Entry Filling Retaining in Southwest Region
Authors: Lv Wen Yu , Zhang Zhi Hui
Published: November 2012

Gob-side entry filling retaining technology is a major reform in coal mining technology, it can use mine waste as filling materials, so it can achieve environmental protection. This paper analyzes the distribution of coal resources and the application of gob-side entry filling retaining in southwest region, this paper also studies the strata behaviors and technical economical effect of gob-side entry filling retaining and puts forth the suggestion of gob-side entry filling retaining application in southwest region.
The Research on the Lake Eutrophication with CNOP Method
Authors: Wang Bo , Huo Zhen Hua , Qi Qian Qian , Zhang Pei Jun
Published: November 2012

Using a dynamical model for nutrient cycling in shallow lakes, the approach of conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) was adopted to investigate the instability and the sensitivity of the lake ecosystem to finite-amplitude perturbations both related to the initial condition and the parameter. The results show that the ecosystem can be transformed from an oligotrophic (eutrophic) state to an eutrophic (oligotrophic) state with a CNOP as the perturbation, no matter how large the nutrient loading rate is. Above all, with the same restraints related to the initial perturbation and the parameter perturbation, CNOP has the largest effect on the lake ecosystem, which may be helpful to govern the lake ecosystem.
Floodwater Utilization Integrated Risk Evaluation Model Based on D-S Evidential Theory
Authors: Zhao Yuan Xiang , Zhang Yan Min
Published: November 2012

According to more and more serious problems of water scarcity, water pollution and deterioration of water environment in homeland, floodwater utilization becomes an important content in flood management and a critical solution for above problems. However, because of the uncertainty and subjective factor in the hydrology and water resources systems, floodwater utilization is a risk decision-making and the evaluation on the risk reasonably becomes an important decision-making reasoning problem. Traditional risk evaluation method considers uncertainty of things, but has little study on incompleteness of things and uncertainty of human’s subjective decision. An integrated risk evaluation model of floodwater utilization is presented based on D-S theory which can solve these problems successfully and with a case study, some benefit conclusions are provided.
The Environmental Problems and Protection Measures of Big Trees Transplanting
Authors: Ning Rui , Chen Guo Xin , Ning Xun An
Published: November 2012

Big tree transplanting, as a quicker way for greening, has been a favorite choice in modern city greening. However, it brings instant effects as well as environmental problems. The current situation and the environmental problems caused by the big tree transplanting are elaborated in this paper. Eventually, some protection measures are given to correct guidance of the transplanting.
The Research and Evaluation Study of Intensive Land Use of Industrial Park Based on RS and GIS Technology
Authors: Ren Ping , Zhou Jie Ming , Hong Bu Ting
Published: November 2012

It was a necessary request for current social economic development to establish an economical and environmental friendly society. Intensive land use was an important measure of establishing economical society and a critical way of balancing the relationship of economical construction, resources utilization and environmental protection and implementing scientific development concept. Since the development zones were the typical industrial concentration areas, the realization of intensive land use became extremely important. This article made basic investigation on land use, industrial development and economical situation for development zones, pushed data base establishment of land use management of development zones, evaluated intensive land use situation by GIS technology and mathematical mode and controlled existing problems of land use in development zones. Consequently, this article could offer basis for development zones auditing of expansion and updating, dynamic monitoring and policies making.
Wear Experiment of Alfalfa Lawn Mower Wheel for Soil-Environment Resources Based on Wear Resistance of Materials
Authors: Zhang Ke Ping , Zhao Chun Hua
Published: November 2012

In order to study the wear between machine wheel and soil-environment resources during alfalfa mowing, the gray iron and loess were chosen as sample materials to research the abrasive wear behavior at different speed and load condition by abrasive wear testing machine. The scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the wear surface morphology. The results showed that, peripheral speed and load had significant effects on wear resistance of materials. When the peripheral speed in 1m/s~2.5m/s and the load in constant, wear quantity decreased gradually with the peripheral speed increased. When the load in 40N~110N and peripheral speed in constant, the wear mass loss increased as the load increased. After that, the wear volume dropped gradually as the load increased. The main wear form is peeled off and micro cutting. The research results would provide references for improving the wear resistance of the wheel
Molding Process and Development of Large Carbon Fiber of Fan Blades with Composite Properties of Materials
Authors: Wang Juan , Lai Si Yu , Li Fan Xiao
Published: November 2012

The fiber reinforced materials, substrates, structural core materials, adhesives and auxiliary materials of wind turbine blade are discussed in this article. And the resin transfer molding (RTM) forming process, molding process and the latest Flex molding process are mainly summarized as well in the development of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) application. Finally, the application and development of CFRP are analyzed in wind power field by combining research status of wind power both at home and abroad.
A Stripping Voltammetric Method for Iodine Ion at Chitosan Incorporating Carbon Nanotubes Modified Electrode
Authors: Wang Zong Hua , Wang Yu Feng , Zhang Fei Fei , Xia Yan Zhi , Xia Jian Fei
Published: November 2012

A novel chitosan incorporating carbon nanotubes coated electrode was constructed and applied to the differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) anodic stripping voltammetric characteristics of iodine ion. The modified electrodes, exhibiting both of unique properties of CNT and chitosan, has excellent electrocatalytic effect of I-. The sensitive detection of iodine ion has been further improved. A linear calibration curve was obtained for 1×10-6 mol/L to 1×10-3 mol/L in 0.1 mol/L KH2PO4 buffer (pH = 4.0) with correlation coefficient of 0.998 and detection limit of 0.2 μmol/L. The practical analytical application was illustrated by a measurement of iodine ion in salt.
New Materials Application in Multifunctional Environmental-Protection Umbrella
Authors: Ni Xi Li , Gao Li , Zhang Xi Xi , Feng Yan , Jia Yu Jing
Published: November 2012

This paper introduces a novel multifunctional environmental-protection umbrella. The umbrella is mainly composed of an umbrella surface, an umbrella skeleton, the umbrella strut and the handle. The umbrella surface is alternately covered with thin film solar cell that realizes the solar absorption function. The top section of umbrella frame is a transparent luminous tube which can provide lighting when walking in dark. The umbrella bar is provided with a folding fan, bringing cool in hot summer. Thin film electronic indicator can display the battery electric quantity. The umbrella handle equipped with a USB interface can charge to mobile phones or cameras when necessary.
Preparation and Photoluminescence of Eu(DBM)3phen@MSBA-15 in Material Engineering
Authors: Li Su Wen , Ju Shu Guang
Published: November 2012

Eu(DBM)3phen@MSBA-15 composite was prepared and the luminescence properties was characterized. The Eu(DBM)3phen complexes are uniformly distributed into the channels of the modified SBA-15. The luminescent properties of Eu(DBM)3phen@MSBA-15 composite are systematically studied in contrast to the pure complexes. The results indicate that the excitation bands assigned to the π-π* electron transition of the ligands in Eu(DBM)3phen@MSBA-15 are narrower than that in Eu3+ complexes, and the 5D0-7F0 transitions emmission become partly allowed. The emission lines for the 5D0-7F2 transitions become broader. The photostability of the emissions improves considerably, which is essential for future applications of RE complexes in molecular optical and electrical devices.
The Applied Mechanics Control System for Removal Manipulator Based on Mechanical Materials and its Application
Authors: Jin Sui Ying , Lu Hong En , Jia Yu Jing , Cheng Guang Zhen
Published: November 2012

After analyzing the movement requirements of the manipulators, we selected the movement form and control system of the manipulators, and do the PLC programming according to the movement flowchart of the manipulators. The manipulators can continue working under the poor working conditions, so that improve the working conditions for the workers, reduce labor intensity, and Raise the level of automation. The material of the manipulator clamping device was required that has good durability and abrasion resistance, hardenability carburizing steels 20CrNi3 is selected. After carburizing, quenching and low-temperature tempering, the alloy element and the carbon come together to form a sufficient number of carbide and martensite when heat treatment, guaranteeing high hardness, abrasion resistance and hot hardness, high alloy element content also improves the hardenability and temper resistance to ensure enough strength and toughness.
Advances on Remediation Techniques of Cd in Contaminated Soil
Authors: Bian Wen , Yu Yan , Xu Dong Yao
Published: November 2012

In this paper the harm of Cd in soil and current situation of soil contaminated by Cd were discussed, and then the remediation technologies of Cd contaminated soils, which included engineering remediation methods, chemical remediation methods, bioremediation methods and agriculture remediation methods at home and abroad were roundly introduced. At the same time, pointed out existing problems and proposed research directions in the future.
Study on Emission Characteristics of Automobile Exhaust and Control Measures with Environmental Materials
Authors: Yang Jin Xiang , Li Xiao Long
Published: November 2012

With the rapid development of automobile industry and the accelerated process of urbanization, pollution caused by automobile exhaust had become one of the major sources of urban environment and atmospheric environment pollution. According to the automobile exhaust emission characteristics in this paper, the generation mechanism of major automobile exhaust pollutants which were suspended solid particles, carbon monoxide nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons, were described, as well as emission control measures with environmental materials.
Research on Environmental Protection of Islet in River for Sustainable Development of Tourism Resource
Authors: Peng Hui Jun
Published: November 2012

The environmental protection of islet in river is of great significance for the development of islet and its surrounding areas. The sustainable development of tourism resource of islet in river is a good way for the environmental protection of islet. The paper aims to study on the environmental protection and sustainable development of tourism resource of islet in river. Based on the theory of sustainable development, the paper analyzed the characteristics of tourism resource of islet in river and problems in the process of exploitation. Then, the paper discussed the significance of sustainable development for tourism resource of islet in river. The strategies of environmental protection for the sustainable development of tourism resource in river-islet were put forward in the end of the paper.
Study of the Pollution Cleaning Technology on Water Systems of Floor Heating Central Air Conditioning with Environmental Materials
Authors: Hua Hong Yan , Zhang Zhen
Published: November 2012

Energy saving of floor heating air-conditioning system in buildings becomes a key and hot topic in energy saving area when the energy crisis puts the whole world in a seriously hard position. Cleaning water system of central air conditioning will reduce energy consumption, and improve the operating performance and efficiency. In this paper, pollution condition of water system is introduced, the necessity of cleaning water system is analyzed, and the technological process of the water system cleaning for an office building floor heating central air conditioning is discussed.
Basic Properties of Carbonate Apatite Cement Consisting of Vaterite and Dicalcium Phosphate Anhydrous
Authors: Cahyanto Arief , Maruta Michito , Tsuru Kanji , Matsuya Shigeki , Kunio Ishikawa
Published: November 2012

The aim of the present study is to fabricate bone cement that could transform to carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) completely at body temperature. The powder phase of vaterite and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA) was mixed with 0.8 mol/L of NaH2PO4, Na2HPO4, and Na3PO4 aqueous solution, respectively, with liquid to powder ratio (L/P ratio) of 0.45, 0.55, and 0.65. The paste was packed into split stainless steel mold, covered with the glass slide and kept at 37°C and 100% relative humidity for up to 96 hours (h). XRD analysis revealed that the cement became pure CO3Ap within 24 h for Na3PO4, 72 h for Na2HPO4, and 96 h for NaH2PO4, respectively. FT-IR results showed that all of the obtained specimens could be assigned to B-type CO3Ap. CHN analysis showed the carbonate content of the specimen were 10.4 ± 0.3% for NaH2PO4, 11.3 ± 0.7% for Na2HPO4, and 11.8 ± 0.4% for Na3PO4, respectively. Diametral tensile strength of the set CO3Ap cement was 1.95 ± 0.42 MPa for NaH2PO4, 2.53 ± 0.53 MPa for Na2HPO4, and 3.45 ± 1.53 MPa for Na3PO4, respectively. The set CO3Ap cement had low crystallinity similar to bone apatite since it was synthesized at body temperature. We concluded, therefore, that CO3Ap cement prepared from the present method has higher possibility to be used as an ideal bone replacement.
A Novel Approach to Prepare Hydroxyapatite-Coated Biodegradable Polymer Microspheres Loaded with Magnetic Fe3O4 via Nanoparticle-Stabilized Emulsions
Authors: Okada Masahiro , Takeda Shoji , Furuzono Tsutomu
Published: November 2012

HAp-nanoparticle-coated biodegradable polymer microspheres loaded with magnetic Fe3O4 particles can be successfully prepared by evaporating volatile oil (dichloromethane) from HAp-nanoparticle-stabilized oil droplets containing biodegradable polymer and Fe3O4 particles without any molecular surfactants or polymeric stabilizers. In this study it was found that the hydrophobic surface modification for the Fe3O4 particles was a key factor to prepare stable HAp-nanoparticle-stabilized oil droplets (and HAp-nanoparticle-coated polymer microspheres) loaded with magnetic Fe3O4 particles.
A Novel Unidirectional Porous Hydroxyapatite Cylinder Implanted in the Dorsal Muscles of Dogs Promotes Fibrous Tissue Vascularization and Invasion
Authors: Noguchi H. , Watanabe A. , Funayama T. , Tsukanishi T. , Wadano Y. , Sakane Masataka
Published: November 2012

We recently synthesized a novel unidirectional porous hydroxyapatite (UDPHAp) material with a microstructure consisting of cross-sectional oval pores (diameter, 100-300 μm) . The unidirectional pores of UDPHAp are expected to facilitate the ingrowth of new tissues at sites of implantation. Here, we estimated the osteoinductive capacity of UDPHAp following its implantation in the dorsal muscles of dogs, and also investigated the affinity of UDPHAp for muscle and connective tissues. As a reference material, the HAp porous ceramic product Apaceram® (HOYA, Tokyo, Japan), which is commercially available in Japan and has a different microstructure from UDPHAp, was also used. A cylinder-shaped UDPHAp block was implanted in the dorsal muscles of two beagle dogs. At 1 and 2 years post-implantation, muscle and connective tissues had directly attached to UDPHAp at the upper and lower perforated surfaces. Histological assessment, revealed the direct invasion of fibrous tissues and small capillaries into the unidirectional pores of UDPHAp. Notably, no osseous tissue had formed within UDPHAp. Our findings suggest that the unidirectional pores of UDPHAp are advantageous for the vascularization and invasion of fibrous tissues. However, this unique structure does not contribute to osteoinductive capacity.
A Hardy type inequality for $W^{m,1}_0(\Omega)$ functions
Authors: Castro Hernán , Dávila Juan , Wang Hui
Published: November 2012

We consider functions

u\in W^{m,1}_0(\Omega)

, where

\Omega\subset \mathbb R^N

is a smooth bounded domain, and

m\geq 2

is an integer. For all

j\geq 0

,

1\leq k\leq m-1

, such that

1\leq j+k\leq m

, we prove that

\frac{\partial^ju(x)}{d(x)^{m-j-k}}\in W^{k,1}_0(\Omega)

with

\| \partial^k ( {\frac{\partial^ju(x)}{d(x)^{m-j-k}}}|_ {L^1(\Omega)}\leq C\|u\|_{W^{m,1}(\Omega)},

where

d

is a smooth positive function which coincides with dist

(x,\partial \Omega)

near

\partial \Omega

, and

\partial^l

denotes any partial differential operator of order

l

.
Endotrivial modules over groups with quaternion or semi-dihedral Sylow 2-subgroup
Authors: Carlson Jon F. , Mazza Nadia , Thévenaz Jacques
Published: November 2012

Let

G

be a finite group with a Sylow 2-subgroup

P

which is either quaternion or semi-dihedral. Let

k

be an algebraically closed field of characteristic 2. We prove the existence of exotic endotrivial

kG

-modules, whose restrictions to

P

are isomorphic to the direct sum of the known exotic endotrivial

kP

-modules and some projective modules. This provides a description of the group

T (G)

of endotrivial

kG

-modules.
On the global existence for the Muskat problem
Authors: Constantin Peter , Córdoba Diego , Gancedo Francisco , Strain Robert M.
Published: November 2012

The Muskat problem models the dynamics of the interface between two incompressible immiscible fluids with different constant densities. In this work we prove three results. First we prove an

L^2(\mathbb R)

maximum principle, in the form of a new "log'' conservation law which is satisfied by the equation (1) for the interface. Our second result is a proof of global existence for unique strong solutions if the initial data is smaller than an explicitly computable constant, for instance

\|f\|_1 \le 1/5

. Previous results of this sort used a small constant

\epsilon \ll1

which was not explicit. Lastly, we prove a global existence result for Lipschitz continuous solutions with initial data that satisfy

\|f_0\|_{L^\infty}<\infty

and

\|\partial_x f_0\|_{L^\infty}<1

. We take advantage of the fact that the bound

\|\partial_x f_0\|_{L^\infty}<1

is propagated by solutions, which grants strong compactness properties in comparison to the log conservation law.
Markov convexity and local rigidity of distorted metrics
Authors: Mendel Manor , Naor Assaf
Published: November 2012

It is shown that a Banach space admits an equivalent norm whose modulus of uniform convexity has power-type

p

if and only if it is Markov

p

-convex. Counterexamples are constructed to natural questions related to isomorphic uniform convexity of metric spaces, showing in particular that tree metrics fail to have the dichotomy property.
A diagrammatic categorification of the $q$-Schur algebra
Authors: Mackaay Marco , Stošić Marko , Vaz Pedro
Published: November 2012

In this paper we categorify the q-Schur algebra

\mathbf{S}_q(n,d)

as a quotient of Khovanov and Lauda’s diagrammatic 2-category

\mathcal{U}(\mathfrak{sl}_n)

(Khovanov and Lauda 2010). We also show that our 2-category contains Soergel’s (1992) monoidal category of bimodules of type

A

, which categorifies the Hecke algebra

H_q(d)

, as a full sub-2-category if

d\leq n

. For the latter result we use Elias and Khovanov’s diagrammatic presentation of Soergel’s monoidal category of type

A

; see (Elias and Khovanov, 2009).
Traces on ideals in pivotal categories
Authors: Geer Nathan , Patureau-Mirand Bertrand , Virelizier Alexis
Published: November 2012

We construct invariants of

\mathcal{C}

-colored spherical graphs from traces on ideals in a pivotal category

\mathcal{C}

. Then we provide a systematic approach to defining such traces from ambidextrous and spherical traces on a class of objects of

\mathcal{C}

. This extends the notion of an ambidextrous object of a braided category given by the first two authors in a previous work.
Relationship between the Occlusal Plane corresponding to the Lateral Borders of the Tongue and Ala-tragus Line in Edentulous Patients
Authors: Abi-Ghosn Carole , Makzoumé Joseph E
Published: November 2012

Aim

Definitions of the ala-tragus line (ATL) cause confusion, because the exact points of reference for this line do not agree. This study determined the relationship between the prosthetic occlusal plane (OP) corresponding to the lateral borders of the tongue and ATL which was established by using the inferior border of the ala of the nose and (1) the superior border of the tragus (ATL 1), (2) the tip (ATL 2) and (3) the inferior border of the tragus (ATL 3).

Materials and methods

Neutral zone moldings using phonation and autopolymerizing acrylic resin were recorded and leveled with the lateral borders of the tongue. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken of each subject by a standard method. Tracings were obtained on acetate paper to show the prosthetic OP and the three ATLs. The relationship between the prosthetic OP and each of ATL was measured for each subject. Mean and standard deviation values were then calculated for the relationship. Statistical analysis was performed using repeated measure analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni pairwise comparisons and Student's t-test (α = 0.05).

Results

Significant difference was found between the three mean angles (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference between the mean angle (5.00° ± 4.38) formed by OP and ATL 2, and the mean angle (4.90° ± 3.50) formed by OP and ATL 3 (p = 1.00) which revealed the smallest.

Conclusion

The findings of this study indicated that ATLs, extending from the inferior border of the ala of the nose to (1) the tip of the tragus of the ear, and (2) the inferior border of the tragus presented the closest relationship to the prosthetic OP corresponding to the lateral borders of the tongue.

Clinical significance

When the ATL is used for orientation of the OP in denture construction, it would seem preferable to define it as running from the inferior border of the ala of the nose to the tip or to the inferior border of the tragus of the ear.

How to cite this article

Abi-Ghosn C, Zogheib C, Makzoumé JE. Relationship between the Occlusal Plane corresponding to the Lateral Borders of the Tongue and Ala-tragus Line in Edentulous Patients. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(5):590-594.
The Effect of Composite Fiber Insertion along with Lowshrinking Composite Resin on Cuspal Deflection of Root-filled Maxillary Premolars
Authors: Oskoee Siavash Savadi , Ajami Amir Ahmad , Oskoee Parnian Alizadeh , Navimipour Elmira Jafari , Zonuz Gazale Ahmadi , Bahari Mahmood , Pournaghiazar Fatemeh
Published: November 2012

Aim

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of three methods of composite fiber placement along with siloranebased composite resin on cuspal deflection and fracture strength of root-filled maxillary premolars.

Materials and methods

Mesio-occluso-distal cavities were prepared in 60 extracted premolars subsequent to endodontic treatment. The remaining thickness of buccal and lingual walls at height of contour was 2.5 ± 0.2 mm and the gingival cavosurface margin was 1.5 mm coronal to cementoenamel junction. Subsequent to measurement of primary intercuspal distances, the teeth were randomly divided into four groups. In group 1, the cavities were only filled with Filtek Silorane composite resin. In the other three groups, preimpregnated glass fibers were placed at gingival, middle and occlusal thirds respectively, and the cavities were restored similar to the group 1. Cuspal deflection was recorded in micrometer using a stereomicroscope. Fracture strength of the samples was measured in Newton subsequent to thermocycling. Data was analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests at a significance level of p < 0.05.

Results

The highest cuspal deflection was recorded in the group 1, and the difference between group 1 and other groups was significant (p < 0.001). Fracture resistance in group 4 was significantly higher than that in other groups (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

In restoring root-filled premolars with siloranebased composite resins, cuspal deflection decreased with the use of preimpregnated glass fibers.

Clinical significance

Using preimpregnated glass fibers along with silorane-based composite resin may lead to better results in cuspal deflection and fracture resistance of endodonticallytreated maxillary premolars.

How to cite this article

Oskoee SS, Oskoee PA, Navimipour EJ, Ajami AA, Zonuz GA, Bahari M, Pournaghiazar F. The Effect of Composite Fiber Insertion along with Low-shrinking Composite Resin on Cuspal Deflection of Root-filled Maxillary Premolars. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(5):595-601.
In vitro Antifungal Activity of Two Tissue Conditioners Combined with Nystatin, Miconazole and Fluconazole against Candida albicans
Authors: Pharande Amol , Chopde Narendra , Khade Mayur N , Khadtare Yogesh R , Shah Sanket S , Apratim Abhishek
Published: November 2012

Aim

To determine and compare antifungal activity of two tissue conditioners combined with nystatin, miconazole and fluconazole against Candida albicans.

Materials and methods

Two tissue conditioners Viscogel and GC Soft combined with nystatin, miconazole and fluconazole were tested against Candida albicans using agar core inhibition diameter assay. One-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post-hoc test was used to test the intergroup difference. p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Maximum inhibition was seen in the fluconazole groups followed by miconazole and the least inhibition was seen in case of nystatin group.

Conclusion

Tissue conditioners when mixed with antifungal agents showed satisfactory inhibition of Candida albicans.

Clinical significance

Incorporation of antifungal drugs into tissue conditioners shows good inhibition of C. albicans and can be recommended for clinical use.

How to cite this article

Chopde N, Pharande A, Khade MN, Khadtare YR, Shah SS, Apratim A. In vitro Antifungal Activity of Two Tissue Conditioners Combined with Nystatin, Miconazole and Fluconazole against Candida albicans. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(5):695-698.
Pulp Stone—An Endodontic Challenge: Successful Retrieval of Exceptionally Long Pulp Stones measuring 14 and 9.5 mm from the Palatal Roots of Maxillary Molars
Authors: Patil Anand , Nanjannawar Lalita G , Nanjannawar Girish S , Vagarali Hemanth , Prathasarathy Bharath
Published: November 2012

Pulp stones are nodular, calcified masses commonly appearing in the coronal pulp and occasionally extending in radicular pulp. Retrieval of pulp stones remains a challenge for the endodontist as complete cleaning and shaping of root canal system is the bases for successful endodontic therapy. The aim of this case report is to show the retrieval of long pulp stones measuring 14 and 9.5 mm by utilizing synergistic effect of ultrasonics and sodium hypochlorite from the palatal roots of maxillary molars. Such case has not been reported in the literature so far.

How to cite this article

Nanjannawar GS, Vagarali H, Nanjannawar LG, Prathasarathy B, Patil A, Bhandi S. Pulp Stone—An Endodontic Challenge: Successful Retrieval of Exceptionally Long Pulp Stones measuring 14 and 9.5 mm from the Palatal Roots of Maxillary Molars. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(5):719-722.
Orthodontic and Surgical Treatment of a Patient with Apert Syndrome
Authors: Kaya Demet , Taner T , Aksu M , Keser EI , Tuncbilek G , Mavili ME
Published: November 2012

The aim of this case report was to present the combined orthodontic and surgical treatment of a patient with Apert syndrome in an adult stage. A 15 years old male patient with Apert syndrome was concerned about the appearance of his face and malocclusion. His profile was concave with a retruded maxilla and prominent lower lip. He had an Angle class I molar relationship with a 9.5 mm anterior open bite. The amount of crowding was 20.4 mm in the maxilla and 6 mm in the mandible. Cephalometric analysis revealed a skeletal Class III relationship due to maxillary hypoplasia with a dolichofacial growth pattern. Orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery were planned for the patient. After 45 months of presurgical orthodontics, the patient underwent two surgeries sequentially. The first surgery was performed to advance the maxilla and the second surgery was performed to correct the mandibular rotation and increase the overbite at the time of removing halo device. The amount of maxillary advencement was 8 mm. Mandibula was moved 1.5 mm anteriorly and rotated 1° to 1.5° (SNB and facial depth) in a counterclockwise direction. After a relatively long treatment, an esthetically pleasing and functional occlusion and correction of the skeletal problem was achieved in this adult case.

How to cite this article

Kaya D, Taner T, Aksu M, Keser EI, Tuncbilek G, Mavili ME. Orthodontic and Surgical Treatment of a Patient with Apert Syndrome. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012; 13(5):729-734.
Evaluating the Performance of a Regional-Scale Photochemical Modelling System: Part I—Ozone Predictions
Authors: Arasa R. , Soler M. R. , Olid M.
Published: November 2012

We present a detailed evaluation of the seasonal performance of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modelling system and the PSU/NCAR meteorological model coupled to a new Numerical Emission Model for Air Quality (MNEQA). The combined system simulates air quality at a fine resolution (3 km as horizontal resolution and 1 h as temporal resolution) in north-eastern Spain, where problems of ozone pollution are frequent. An extensive database compiled over two periods, from May to September 2009 and 2010, is used to evaluate meteorological simulations and chemical outputs. Our results indicate that the model accurately reproduces hourly and 1-h and 8-h maximum ozone surface concentrations measured at the air quality stations, as statistical values fall within the EPA and EU recommendations. However, to further improve forecast accuracy, three simple bias-adjustment techniques—mean subtraction (MS), ratio adjustment (RA), and hybrid forecast (HF)—based on 10 days of available comparisons are applied. The results show that the MS technique performed better than RA or HF, although all the bias-adjustment techniques significantly reduce the systematic errors in ozone forecasts.
Modelling the faecal worm egg count curve during the periparturient period in Uruguayan Merino sheep
Authors: Goldberg V. , Ciappesoni G. , Aguilar I.
Published: November 2012

Disease caused by gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) is one of the main constraints for sheep production worldwide. Although adult categories are more resistant to GIN, a temporary loss of acquired immunity is presented around parturition, which results in the so-called “periparturient rise” (PPR) in fecal excretion of GIN eggs. The objective of the present work was to study the dynamic of the PPR and to model the faecal worm egg count (FEC) curve during the periparturient period in Uruguayan Merino sheep. Faecal samples were collected from lambing ewes during 2009 and 2010 parturitions. FEC and infective larvae cultures of each sampling were recorded. A total of 2121 records from 748 ewes, the progeny of 107 sires, were used in the statistical analysis. FEC data were normalized using two logarithmic transformations: Log FEC= Loge (FEC+100) and Log FEC_st (Log FEC with the variance standardized within contemporary group). Three functions were compared to shape the PPR curve. Haemonchus spp. was the most prevalent parasite. Log FEC_st was the selected response variable of the model, for its better adjustment to a normal distribution and a more homogeneous residual variance. The fixed regression model with Legendre polynomials was the selected one, based on the selection model criteria (Akaike & Schwarz Bayesian Information Criteria). The highest egg output was observed between two and four weeks post-lambing. In conclusion, the PPR observed in Uruguayan Merino lambing ewes had the maximum egg output matched with the milk production peak.
Espectroscopía de reflectancia: una herramienta para predecir las propiedades del suelo relacionadas con la clorosis férrica
Authors: Cañasveras Sánchez J. C. , Barrón V. , Del Campillo M. C. , Viscarra Rossel R. A.
Published: November 2012

La clorosis debida a una deficiencia de hierro (Fe) (amarilleamiento internervial) es el problema nutricional más importante que una planta susceptible puede sufrir en suelos calcáreos. La clorosis férrica está relacionada con el contenido en carbonato cálcico equivalente (CCE), contenido de arcilla y Fe extraído con oxalato (Feo). La espectroscopía de reflectancia (RS) es una herramienta rápida, menos cara, no destructiva y proporciona una buena alternativa a los métodos convencionales de análisis. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la utilidad de la RS en la determinación de algunas propiedades (contenido de arcilla; CCE; Feo; capacidad de intercambio catiónico, CEC; materia orgánica, OM; y pHw) de los suelos de la región mediterránea, con énfasis en aquellas propiedades que más influyen en la clorosis férrica. Se utilizaron regresiones de mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS), validación cruzada y validación externa para obtener los modelos de calibración. Nuestros resultados demuestran la validez en la interpretación cualitativa de los suelos de la variable de importancia para la proyección (VIP) descomponiendo los PLS. La precisión de las predicciones para cada región espectral Vis-NIR, MIR y combinaciones varió considerablemente entre las propiedades. Los valores de R2adj y RMSE obtenidos tras la validación externa fueron: contenido de arcilla=0,83 y 37 mg kg-1 para el intervalo Vis-NIR-MIR; CCE=0,99 y 25 mg kg-1, Feo=0,80 y 0,1 mg kg-1 para la región MIR; CEC=0,93 y 3 cmolc kg-1 para Vis-NIR; OM=0,87 y 2 mg kg-1 para el intervalo Vis-NIR-MIR; y pHw =0,61 y 0,2 para la región MIR, respectivamente. Este trabajo demostró el potencial de la RS usando las regiones del Vis, NIR y MIR para un análisis eficiente de las propiedades, adquirir información y detectar el riesgo de clorosis férrica en los suelos.
The Protonation of Dithiocarbamic Acid in Superacids HF/MF5: Synthesis and Characterization of H2NC(SH)2
+ MF6
– (M = As, Sb)
Authors: Axhausen Joachim , Rühl Geraldine , Kornath Andreas
Published: November 2012

Dithiocarbamic acid reacts in the superacidic media HF/MF5 (M = As, Sb) under formation of the corresponding salts H2NC(SH)2
+ MF6
-. The colorless compounds are stable in an inert gas atmosphere up to -20 °C. The salts have been characterized by NMR, IR and Raman spectroscopy. Reactions in DF/AsF5 were carried out to obtain D2NC(SD)2
+ AsF6
- in order to confirm the assignments of the observed vibrational modes. Additionally, quantum-chemical calculations of the free cation, [A2NC(SA)2]+ (A=H, D), and of the [A2NC(SA)2(3HF)]+ unit on the PBE1BPE/6-311G(3df,3pd) level of theory are discussed.
X-Ray Structure Determinations of Bromo- and/or Bromomethylsubstituted Benzenes: C–H···Br, C–Br···Br, and C–Br···π Interactions
Authors: Jones Peter G. , Kuś Piotr , Dix Ina
Published: November 2012

The structures of seven benzene derivatives [1,2,3-tri(bromomethyl)benzene, (1); 3,5- di(bromomethyl)bromobenzene, (2); 2,5-di(bromomethyl)bromobenzene, (3); 4-(bromomethyl)-2,5- dibromotoluene, (4); 4-(bromomethyl)bromobenzene, (5); 2,3-di(bromomethyl)bromobenzene, (6) and (bromomethyl)-p-dibromobenzene, (7)] with bromo and bromomethyl (and in one case methyl) substituents are presented and analysed in terms of Br···Br interactions up to 4.0 A° , supported by hydrogen bonds H···Br. Some interactions of the type Br···π and π···π are encountered and play a subordinate role in the packing. Despite the close chemical similarity of the compounds, some of which are isomers with permuted substituent positions, the packing motifs are highly variable. Compounds 2-5 are based on layer structures with Brn (n=3, 4) and/or mixed Br/C rings. Compounds 1, 6 and 7 display three-dimensional packings of differing complexity, but with interpretable substructures; 1 can be analysed in terms of ribbons of linked Br3 and Br4 rings; 6 displays chains of linked Br3 triangles; 7 consists of ribbons of linked Br4 quadrilaterals.
We Were Gasping for Air
Authors: Bilic Bojan
Published: November 2012

Positioned at the interface between historical sociology, anthropology, and social movement studies, We Were Gasping for Air: [Post-]Yugoslav Anti-War Activism and Its Legacy goes beyond the widely exploited paradigms of nationalism and civil society to track the (post-)Yugoslav anti-war protest cycle which unfolded throughout the 1990s. Drawing upon extensive fieldwork in the region, the author argues that (post-)Yugoslav anti-war activism cannot be recovered without appreciating both the inter- and intra-republican cooperations and contestations in socialist Yugoslavia. (Post-)Yugoslav anti-war undertakings appropriated and developed the already existing social networks and were instrumental for the establishment of present-day organisations devoted to human rights protection, transitional justice, and peace education across the ex-Yugoslav space.

Bojan Bili? is a post-doctoral fellow at the Central European University Institute for Advanced Study in Budapest.
The Effect of Terrain Inclination on Performance and the Stability Region of Two-Wheeled Mobile Robots
Authors: Kausar Zareena , Stol Karl , Patel Nitish
Published: November 2012

Two-wheeled mobile robots (TWMRs) have a capability of avoiding the tip-over problem on inclined terrain by adjusting the centre of mass position of the robot body. The effects of terrain inclination on the robot performance are studied to exploit this capability. Prior to the real-time implementation of position control, an estimation of the stability region of the TWMR is essential for safe operation. A numerical method to estimate the stability region is applied and the effects of inclined surfaces on the performance and stability region of the robot are investigated. The dynamics of a TWMR is modelled on a general uneven terrain and reduced for cases of inclined and horizontal flat terrain. A full state feedback (FSFB) controller is designed based on optimal gains with speed tracking on a horizontal flat terrain. The performance and stability regions are simulated for the robot on a horizontal flat and inclined terrain with the same controller. The results endorse a variation in equilibrium points and a reduction in stability region for robot motion on inclined terrain.
A Special Unique Solution Case of the Perspective-Three-Point Problem for External Parameter Calibration of an Omnidirectional Camera
Authors: Zhu Xiaoxiao , Cao Qixin
Published: November 2012

In the field of machine vision, the multi-solution problem of the perspective-three-point (P3P) camera pose estimation problem has been widely researched. Many researchers have tried to find unique solutions that will enable the use of the P3P method in practical applications such as the calibration of external parameters of a camera. Gao found a special case that is very simple and intuitive, but can only be used for a camera with a very large field of view. Therefore, it did not attract much attention. The purpose of this study was to analyse Gao's special case and use it for calibrating the external parameters of an omnidirectional camera, which is used widely because of its very large field of view. We first verify Gao's special case and extend its application. We then propose an iterative method for finding the unique solution. After this, we perform a simulation experiment to determine the effect of the configuration of the three control points on the accuracy of the unique solution. Finally, we use an application to examine the efficiency of the method.
In Vivo Optical Coherence Tomography: The Role of the Pathologist
Authors: Hariri Lida P. , Mino-Kenudson Mari , Mark Eugene J. , Suter Melissa J.
Published: November 2012

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a nondestructive, high-resolution imaging modality, providing cross-sectional, architectural images at near histologic resolutions, with penetration depths up to a few millimeters. Optical frequency domain imaging is a second-generation OCT technology that has equally high resolution with significantly increased image acquisition speeds and allows for large area, high-resolution tissue assessments. These features make OCT and optical frequency domain imaging ideal imaging techniques for surface and endoscopic imaging, specifically when tissue is unsafe to obtain and/or suffers from biopsy sampling error. This review focuses on the clinical impact of OCT in coronary, esophageal, and pulmonary imaging and the role of the pathologist in interpreting high-resolution OCT images as a complement to standard tissue pathology.
Screening for Lung Cancer: Who Should Be Screened?
Authors: Jett James
Published: November 2012

Lung cancer is the most common cause of death from cancer in the United States. Previous studies of screening with chest radiographs and sputum cytology have not been shown to decrease lung cancer mortality. For the first time, a randomized screening trial with low-dose computed tomography scans has demonstrated a 20% lung cancer mortality reduction compared with screenings with a chest x-ray. Investigation is underway on many breath, sputum, and blood biomarkers to determine markers of high risk. The hope is that some (or one) of them will add to the early detection of lung cancer observed with low-dose computed tomography.
Lung Cancer Genotype-Based Therapy and Predictive Biomarkers: Present and Future
Authors: Cagle Philip T. , Allen Timothy Craig
Published: November 2012

Context.—The advent of genotype-based therapy and predictive biomarkers for lung cancer has thrust the pathologist into the front lines of precision medicine for this deadly disease.

Objective.—To provide the clinical background, current status, and future perspectives of molecular targeted therapy for lung cancer patients, including the pivotal participation of the pathologist.

Data Sources.—Data were obtained from review of the pertinent peer-reviewed literature.

Conclusions.—First-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors have produced clinical response in a limited number of non–small cell lung cancers demonstrated to have activating mutations of epidermal growth factor receptor or anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangements with fusion partners. Patients treated with first-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors develop acquired resistance to their therapy. Ongoing investigations of second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors and new druggable targets as well as the development of next-generation genotyping and new antibodies for immunohistochemistry promise to significantly expand the pathologist's already crucial role in precision medicine of lung cancer.