bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Détermination des facteurs d’émission de GES à travers l’ACV dans les unités d’enfouissement, de compostage et de recyclage du CTVD de Ouagadougou
Authors:   Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l’Environnement, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso,, Nana Bernard , Attaglo Nukunu Komlan Guillaume , Kinda Sid-Noma Anne-Marie ,   Institut des Science et de Technologie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Koudougou, Burkina Faso, *nsbernard@yahoo.fr, Ouoba Samuel ,   Ecole Polytechnique de Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Béré Antoine
Published: September 2024

This study is a contribution to the quantification of greenhouse gas emissions in the waste sector in developing countries, especially through the determination of specific emission factors. The purpose is to determine the greenhouse gas emission factors of the various waste treatment units at the waste treatment and recovery centre in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) using the Life Cycle Analysis method. The emission factors were evaluated and then reduced to an equivalent CO2 emission per tonne of waste. The results show that landfill has the highest emission factors, with values ranging from 751.19 to 1,818.6 kg CO2 eq/tonne of waste for direct emissions, depending on whether or not sequestered carbon is taken into account, and from 7.24 to 1.31 kg CO2 eq/tonne for indirect emissions. Composting and plastic recovery units have negative EFs over their entire life cycle (-69.69 and -1736.65 Kg CO2 eq/tonne), thus contributing to net greenhouse gas savings. This study is the first of its kind to provide data that can be used for national accounting of greenhouse gas emissions in the waste sector
Business Models for Industry 4.0: A Book Review
Authors: Rosiadi Alfian
Published: September 2024

The book entitled “Business Models for Industry 4.0: Concepts and Challenges in SME Organizations” discusses the challenges and opportunities faced by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the Industry 4.0 era. The author explores concepts such as Economy 4.0, Society 5.0, sustainable consumption, digital technology integration, and the need for customer engagement. Based on this background, the author emphasizes the importance of new business models, interdisciplinary knowledge, and continuous learning in the context of Industry 4.0 to develop value from SMEs.
The Role of Informal Cooperation to Improve the Agricultural Practices: Case of El-Nafir in South Kordofan State, Sudan
Authors: Elzubair Asma , A. Murad Amal
Published: September 2024

El-Nafir is an informal cooperation form practiced in Sudan to accomplish various daily activities. Despite the important role of El-Nafir, especially in offering labours to farmers, no studies have been conducted to highlight its importance. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of El-Nafir in improving agricultural practices in Abu Jubahyah Locality, South Kordofan State, Sudan. Heads of household (HHHs) questionnaires and field observations were used for primary data, where 75 HHHs were selected randomly. Descriptive analysis, T-test, and correlation analysis were performed using SPSS. The results showed that El-Nafir has contributed to improving agricultural production. The findings indicated that implementation per Fadden (4200 m²) is cost-effective and time-efficient. Implementing agricultural activities per Fadden via El-Nafir was low cost (18.01 US$) compared to hired labourers (42.89 US$). The study found that lack of financial support, shortage of skilled labours, lack of collective action awareness, war, and insecurity are the factors that influenced the success of El-Nafir's strategy. The study concluded that El-Nafir's strategy improved agricultural practices inside and outside the farms, including cultivation, crop harvesting, protection, and cleaning of the harvested crops. The study recommends the adoption of El-Nafir to enhance the agricultural production and marketing.
The Role of Basic Infrastructure to Strengthen Economic Security in Eastern Indonesia
Authors: Suprapto Firre An , Manshur Agus , Mulyo Sumedi Andono , Praditya Editha , Alfianita Fiktia
Published: September 2024

This study aims to analyze the role of water infrastructure in supporting the development of leading commodities in Maluku and Papua, Indonesia. The 2020 Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) dataset will be analyzed using the Location Quotient (LQ) technique to determine the leading sectors/base commodities with comparative advantages in the Maluku and Papua Provinces. Based on the Location Quotient (LQ) analysis results, it will be combined with a spatial approach to provide an overview of water resources and infrastructure. The results of this study show that water resource infrastructure is related to the housing settlement sector and agricultural commodities in Maluku and Papua. Increasing agricultural productivity has positive implications for Indonesia's food and economic security. Investment in water infrastructure development is needed to support leading sectors.
Revealing Conditions of Detailed Water Usage, Daily Life Water Quality, and Awareness Related to Waste Water at Urban Kampung in Indonesia
Authors: Shimizu Toshiyuki , Yazawa Taishi , Sri Maryati  , Nyimas Suryani  , Ichiki Atsushi
Published: September 2024

This research aimed to investigate the actual water use of residents and the quality of well water used daily at the urban kampung located in Bandung, Indonesia. The status of wastewater treatment and residents' awareness of the water environment were also investigated in the target area. The methodology used included a survey of residents, water quality testing, and an assessment of wastewater practices. The results showed that approximately one-half of the respondents used water from the water utility, with the other half using well water as their main domestic water source. Identifying water sources by end-use revealed that residents mainly used bottled water for drinking and cooking. Since Escherichia coli was detected in many wells, it is not recommended that residents drink well water without disinfection. In addition, most of the wastewater in the area was discharged into a nearby river without treatment.
An enhanced control solutions for efficient urban waste management using deep learning algorithms
Authors: James Gabriel , Ekong Anietie , Abraham Etimbuk , Oduobuk Enobong , Michael Nseobong , Ufford Victor , Ebong Oscar
Published: September 2024

This study focuses on developing an efficient urban waste management system using deep learning algorithms and Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The goal is to improve waste management in Ikot Ekpene municipality by enabling quick disposal responses to prevent environmental pollution. The researchers employed an Object-Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) methodology to develop a software system that integrates mobile GIS techniques and IoT sensors to monitor and manage waste. The system was trained using a dataset of 510 images of six classes of waste-related scenarios, with an 84% training set and 16% validation set. The results showed that the garbage bin half-full class had the highest F1 score (above 80%) at a confidence score of 0.4, indicating accurate detection. The average F1 score for all classes was 0.45 at a confidence score of 0.238. The system’s API was designed using Python, supporting both web-based and Android-based applications. The integration of IoT sensors and mobile GIS techniques enables real-time monitoring and efficient waste management. This study demonstrates the potential of deep learning algorithms and IoT technology in improving waste management services, contributing to a cleaner and healthier environment. The system’s effectiveness in detecting waste levels and triggering timely disposal responses can help prevent environmental pollution and enhance the well-being of citizens.
Energy Intervention Model in Public Education Institutions that Contribute to Sustainable Development
Authors: Velez-Ramos J. , Mayorga D. , Gonzalez F.
Published: September 2024

Sustainable development is a global policy that requires the collective effort of the actors present in each territory. In this sense, an energy renewal intervention model is presented at the Juan XXIII Educational Institution in the city of Monteria, Córdoba, Colombia, which results from alliances between international, national, and regional actors, becoming a reference that could serve as a basis. To be replicated in other institutions with characteristics similar to those described in this case. The model generally describes the entire process carried out in the intervention and focuses on the benefits generated for the educational community. Among the main results, the increase in thermal, lighting, and acoustic comfort of the educational community stands out, according to a survey and semi-structured interviews carried out. A fact that could be attributed to the perception of increased comfort in the community is the increase in the student population in 2022, going from 1,478 in 2019 to 1,909 in 2022, with a growth of approximately 29%. Energy renovation also resulted in the improvement of the indoor climate of the classrooms (from 35°C to 27°C), the improvement in the physical infrastructure of the institution, the integration of photovoltaic solar energy, and the subsequent reduction of energy cost.
Saccharification of Different Delignified Sawdust Masses from Various Trees Along the Lagos Lagoon in Nigeria
Authors: Ndukwe N. A. , Seeletse J. B. M. , van Wyk J. P. H.
Published: September 2024

Sawdust, a major waste product of the forestry industry, is accumulating along the Lagos Lagoon in Lagos, Nigeria, without it being effectively managed. Besides its use in The saccharification of sawdust could contribute to the development of renewable energy sources and feedstock for bioproduct development. The process is, however, not that straightforward as variables such as the type of cellulase enzyme, pretreatment of the cellulose substrate, and optimizing of cellulase to cellulose ratio are a few that need to be optimized for the process to be effective in terms of glucose production.manufacturing sound-absorbing boards to reinforce concrete beams and for energy purposes, its potential as a renewable energy source and feedstock for bio-product development has not yet been realized. Cellulose, a glucose biopolymer and structural component of cellulose can be hydrolyzed by a hydrolytic enzyme known as cellulase. During the process, the enzyme breaks the B-1,4-glucosidic bond, which keeps the glucose units together, and by acting on this bond, numerous glucose units are released. As part of sawdust, the cellulose molecule is not freely available for the degradation action of the cellulase enzyme as it is strongly associated with lignin, which acts as bio-glue, keeping cellulose and hemicellulose together. Delignification is an effective technique that was used to make the sawdust from ten different trees along the Lagos Lagoon in Nigeria more susceptible to saccharification by cellulase isolated from the fungus Aspergillus niger. Delignified and non-delignified sawdust masses between 2 mg and 10 mg were incubated with the A. niger cellulase solution (2 mg.mL-1), whereafter, the amount of sugar produced by the cellulase action was determined. The percentage saccharification of each sawdust material was also linked with the amount of sugar produced during cellulase action. From these investigations was concluded that delignification increased sugar production when almost all the masses of different sawdust materials were degraded. It was also observed that the ratio of sawdust mass to enzyme concentration is an important variable that influences the effectiveness of the saccharification process. The percentage saccharification of the various sawdust materials was also determined, and it indicated that the highest percentage of saccharification was not obtained when the highest amount of sawdust was degraded, producing the highest amount of sugar.
Emerging Issues in Energy Sustainability: A Systematic Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Anjum Aqsa , Chauhan Jahangir , Enam Marghoob , Ali Irfan
Published: September 2024

This research paper seeks to investigate and categorize previous studies to understand better the role of energy generation technology in promoting sustainable development of a country country. The primary aim of this review is to identify and emphasize key issues related to energy sustainability. The study employs a systematic review approach, drawing on academic publications from the Web of Science and Scopus database. The analysis reveals five key issues: the nexus between energy generation and greenhouse gas emissions, energy generation and employment, the impact of energy generation and land use intensity, the association between energy generation and water footprint, and the nexus between energy generation and human health. This study delves into the theoretical dimensions of research concerning the interplay between energy sustainability and various aspects of energy generation technologies. Furthermore, it contributes to the existing body of knowledge concerning Sustainable Development Goal 7, with the overarching goal of enhancing both human well-being and economic prosperity through advancements in energy generation technologies. The study comprehensively explores the subject matter, offering an in-depth analysis of energy sustainability. Its unique contribution lies in its extensive examination of multiple facets of energy sustainability, making it a significant addition to the field of research.
Heavy Metal Contamination of Surface Sediments-Soil Adjoining the Largest Copper Mine Waste Dump in Central India Using Multivariate Pattern Recognition Techniques and Geo-Statistical Mapping
Authors: Shukla Anoop Kant , Pradhan Manoj , Tiwari Onkar Nath
Published: September 2024

This detailed study assessed heavy metal contamination of sediments/soil near central India’s largest copper mining area using 38 sampling sites within 10 km of the mine using atomic absorption spectroscopy. This study utilized multivariate pattern recognition methods, namely hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA), for source identification. Twelve parameters, i.e., copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), organic matter (OM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil pH, distance (D), and elevation (E) were analyzed. The hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was used to analyze the sample sites with similar metal contamination and principal component analysis (PCA) was used to analyze the relationship between the parameters as well as to identify sources of heavy metal pollution. Three major pollution hotspots were detected by AHC and were classified as unpolluted/low pollution sites (UPS: mean concentration factor of 1.35 for Cu), highly polluted sites (HPS: mean concentration factor of 22 for Cu), and extremely polluted sites (EPS: mean concentration factor of 74 for Cu). PCA revealed three hidden factors/components, namely PC1 (explaining 38% of the variability), PC2 (18% of the variability), and PC3 (14% of the variability). Metals showed strong positive loading in PC1, explaining the highest variability. The mean content of Cu in soil/sediment samples was 502.526 mg/kg. The mean copper content was 10 times higher than the natural crustal value of 45mg/kg, indicating severe pollution in several sites around the study area. Mapping of copper contamination was conducted to reveal the spatial distribution of copper contamination using QGIS. This study exposes the heavy metal contamination level in surface sediments/soil and the effectiveness of pattern recognition techniques for the assessment of multivariate datasets in discerning spatial disparities and identifying the contamination causes.
A Review on Bioremediation of Tannery Effluent using Immobilized Bacteria
Authors: Jayam J. Raveena , Chokkalingam Priya
Published: September 2024

Tannery effluent is a significant contributor to contaminants such as heavy metals within the ecosystem. Effluents generally contain heavy metals, and they also contain more bacteria that can thrive in such an environment. Bioremediation has ancestrally been performed using bacteria; in recent decades, the implementation of “immobilized” bacteria has acquired recognition as an intriguing technique due to manifold assistance. This review systematizes a humongous amount of extant literature on multifarious toxicants that can be tackled with immobilized bacteria. We further explore assorted deterministic facets using immobilized bacteria for environmental remediation with an emphasis on encapsulation in biomaterials and their role in detoxifying toxic compounds. We explore multiple techniques for immobilizing bacteria in numerous complementary arrays incorporating multiple species of bacteria, factors that influence the remediation process, such as bioreactor layouts used in pilot, lab-scale applications. Exploits and drawbacks of using immobilized bacteria in fermenters to treat tannery effluent are also described. The imperishable future aspects, recovery of significant commodities, in addition to bioremediation, represent an important incentive of the immobilized treatment process that makes more cost-effective, legitimate treatment enforcement that is also congruent with the precepts of the bioeconomy.
The Nexus Between Climate Variability and Undernutrition: A Systematic Review
Authors: K.C. Niraj , Techato Kuaanan
Published: September 2024

Undernutrition is a confront to the health and output of the populace. It is viewed as one of the five leading contrary health impacts of climate variability and is defined as different measures of nutritional status. We aimed to assess the scientific evidence base for the impact of climate variability on childhood undernutrition (particularly wasting and underweight) in low- and middle-income countries. A systematic review was conducted to identify the peer-reviewed and gray full-text studies in English with no limits for the year of publication and study design. This review covers only published studies from four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct). The risk of bias was assessed using the ROVBIS tool in individual studies. The PRISMA Statement checklist for systematic reviews was referred for this review process. A significant correlation between climate variables, temperature, rainfall, and drought, and at least one undernutrition parameter in 19 out of 22 studies was observed in this systematic review. In addition, we note that crop yield, maternal education, nutritional status of mothers, wealth status at the household level, and individual levels also play substantial roles in mediating the nutritional impacts. The findings of our analysis imply that exposure to climate variables may be linked to an increased risk of undernutrition both during and for several years following climate events. This may imply that undernutrition is never caused by temperature, precipitation, drought, or other weather-related factors alone but rather that undernutrition is triggered in children who are already at risk.
Reuse and Recovery of Water from Industrial Textile Dyeing Effluent Using High-Performance Electrodes Continuous Flow Electrocoagulation Reactor
Authors: Jegathambal P. , . Brunoc , . Shobina , Mayilswamy C. , Parameswari K.
Published: September 2024

The dye effluents released from the textile and printing industries contain strong colorants, inorganic salts, and other toxic compounds. The conventional coagulation technique of dye effluent treatment is plagued with issues of low removal rate of color, generation of large quantities of sludge, and toxic end-products. Recently electrocoagulation technique gained immense attention due to its high efficiency. This technique involves the dissolution of the sacrificial anodes to provide an active metal hydroxide as a strong coagulant that destabilizes the pollutants and removes them by precipitation or flocculation. This study is about the efficiency of the electrocoagulation process using titanium coated - aluminum and mild steel electrodes to treat industrial dye wastewater. Effects of parameters such as current density & initial dye concentration were investigated. It was observed that, for the same current density, electrode consumption was higher with TiO2/Al electrode than with mild steel electrode, resulting in more color removal efficiency (CRE) using TiO2/Al electrode. The settling rate of the flocs was higher in the rector having TiO2/Al electrode at the 100 mL with current density (2.5 mL.min-1 to 5.3 mL.min-1), while in the reactor with mild steel electrode, the settling rate was very less. The results showed that dye removal was 95.11% and 92.1% for mild steel and titanium-coated electrodes, respectively. It was observed that 50 % of Aluminum was removed from the treated effluent after the final stage of filtration. Based on the multicriteria analysis to identify the optimum operational parameters to be applied at the field level, it was observed that maximum CRE may be obtained with TiO2/Al electrode and the applied current of 1 Amps with a flow rate of 100 mL.min-1. It can be concluded that electrocoagulation is a highly efficient and the fastest method to treat dye effluents from industries.
Nitrogen Nutrition-Induced Changes in Macronutrient Content and Their Indirect Effect on N-Metabolism Via an Impact on Key N-Assimilating Enzymes in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: . Vandna , Sharma Vasundhara , Usha Kalidindi , Singh Dalveer , Gupta Ranjan , Gupta V. K. , Singh Bhupinder
Published: September 2024

Judicious application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers in crop production is critical for reducing the nitrate pollution of groundwater and greenhouse gas emissions. It is, thus, important to improve the nitrogen use efficiency under the reduced application of nitrogen. A genotypic variation in N-uptake and N-use efficiency particularly under low N-input conditions exists across crops that can be deciphered and exploited for environmentally sustainable farming without any significant penalty of yield and quality. The present research conducted under the nutrient solution culture aimed to explore the inherent variability in the growth response of ten genetically diverse wheat varieties to low fertilizer N-application (N-, 10 μM N) in comparison to N sufficient control (N+, 8.5 mM N) viz., a viz., the activity of various key N-assimilating enzymes and to delineate the indirect effect of low N on uptake and partitioning of other major macronutrients viz., P, K, S, which may indirectly regulate the N-use efficiency. A notable increase in sulfur, potassium, and phosphorus content was observed under nitrogen-deficient conditions. Varieties such as Carnamah and HD 2824 exhibit a significant increase in shoot phosphorus content, emphasizing their potential to optimize phosphorus acquisition and utilization efficiency under nutrient-limited conditions. The findings highlight the complex interplay between nutrient availability and plant responses, showcasing varietal-specific adaptations to nitrogen limitations.
Seasonal Variation of (Benzo[a]Pyrene) in Ambient Air of Urban to Peri-urban Areas of Panvel Municipal Corporation, Raigad with Reference to Particulate Matter
Authors: Kislay Namrata , Kasalkar Harshala V. , Wagh Nilesh D. , Malbhage Geeta
Published: September 2024

Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the environment have been linked to severe health effects. This study aims to assess the atmospheric pollutant and analyze the variation in PAHs, focussed on benzo[a]pyrene [B(a)P]. Among all PAHs, B(a)P is regarded as a marker for human carcinogenicity. This study reflects the B(a)P concentration and its correlation with the particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) in rural, peri-urban, and urban areas of Panvel Municipal Corporation, Maharashtra, India. Samples were collected during the pre & post-monsoon season for two consecutive years (Yr. 2020 and Yr. 2021). B(a)P level was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector. It was observed that PM2.5 and PM10 show a strong positive correlation (r=0.8-0.9) with B(a)P. It is observed that B(a)P concentrations were high in pre-monsoon w.r.t. post-monsoon, and this concentration increased spatially as we moved from rural to urban areas. Pre-monsoon B(a)P concentration varies somewhat by 5% between rural to urban areas as compared to post-monsoon. High levels of vehicular emissions and industry were associated with the distribution of B(a)P in urban areas, whereas a combination of local emissions and metropolitan area diffusion was responsible for the presence of B(a)P in peri-urban and rural areas. Also, this study captures the variation of B(a)P levels during the period of COVID-19. In future studies, Artificial Intelligence (AI) can augment the determination of PAHs in soil by improving the accuracy and speed of analysis using predictive modeling based on different input parameters to determine outliers in soil PAH data, building sensor networks for real-time monitoring of PAH levels, leverage robotics for automated sample preparations, and rapid testing of samples to identify hotspots.
Enhanced Phenanthrene Biodegradation by Bacillus brevis Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Bishnoi Kiran , Rani Pushpa , Bishnoi Narsi R.
Published: September 2024

The current investigation assessed the capability of a well-adapted and enriched bacterial strain known as Bacillus brevis for the biodegradation of phenanthrene. To enhance the removal efficiency of phenanthrene, employed Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in conjunction with a Box-Behnken design (BBD) model. The experiments were designed to explore the impact of pH (6.0 to 9.0), temperature (20 to 40°C), initial phenanthrene concentration (50 and 100 ppm), and incubation time (7 to 21 days) on biodegradation of phenanthrene. The highest level of phenanthrene biodegradation, approximately 55.0%, was achieved by Bacillus brevis when the optimal conditions were met as pH of 7.0, temperature 30oC, and initial phenanthrene concentration (70 ppm) after 21 days of incubation time. This study underscores the significance of employing statistical tools like RSM to enhance the microbial degradation of contaminants.
Experimental Investigation on Photocatalytic Degradation of Refractory Organics in Biologically Treated Tannery Effluent Using Photocatalysis
Authors: Hema S. , Kavya S.
Published: September 2024

There is a pressing demand for the introduction of environmentally safe technologies for the industries that supply the basic needs of industrialized societies. Advanced Oxidation Processes may become one of the answers to these uprising pollution management problems in the near future. The present investigation aimed to reduce the refractory organics present in the biologically treated (Activated Sludge Process) tannery effluent using Photocatalysis. The optimum time, pH, dosage of H2O2, and mass of NPAC required for the effective treatment using photocatalysis were found to be 60 mins, 8, 0.2 mg.L-1, and 1g. 100 mL-1, respectively. Although the efficiency of homogeneous photocatalysis was found to be higher than that of heterogeneous photocatalysis, the biodegradability was higher in the latter, with a value of 0.26. The experimental results have proved that photocatalysis could be a promising technology to reduce the refractory organics present in the tannery effluent.
Estimation of Surface and Groundwater Interaction by Stable Isotopic Techniques – A Case Study of Chengalpattu District, OMR Region
Authors: Natarajan Surendar
Published: September 2024

Isotopes are atoms of an element having the same atomic number but different mass numbers. Isotopes in hydrology and water resources are used for identifying its occurrence, movement, residence times, recharge, and discharge process. Stable isotopes of hydrogen(δ2H) and oxygen(δ2O) are used for identifying the surface and groundwater interactions as they constitute hydrogen and oxygen. In this study oxygen and hydrogen stable isotopes are used to identify surface and groundwater interaction in Old Mahabalipuram Road (OMR) regions of Chengalpattu district. The precipitation, lake, surface, and groundwater were collected during pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons. The collected sample is analyzed for stable isotopic compositions of oxygen and hydrogen seasonal-wise. The measured stable isotopic compositions during pre-monsoon season of stable oxygen are -4.29 to -2.00 and stable hydrogen are -29.39 to -24.67. The isotopic compositions during monsoon season range from -4.72 to -4.00 and for hydrogen ranges from -29.39 to -23.50. During monsoon season the depletion of isotopic composition is seen and the enrichment of isotopic composition is observed during pre-monsoon season. The variation in stable isotopic composition of oxygen and hydrogen are observed. A Groundwater Water Meteoric Water Line (GMWL) is developed for the study area, and it is compared with a Local Meteoric Water Line (LMWL) for better interpretation of the results. A slight deviation is observed from that of GMWL to LMWL mostly due to isotopic depletion and evaporation effects. From the analysis, a good correlation exists between precipitation and surface water in the study area indicating about recharge mechanism existing in the study area. The groundwater recharge is observed during monsoon seasons and discharge is more towards the pre-monsoon seasons.
Effect of Heavy Metal Phytoremediation on Phytochemical Fingerprint and Bioactivity of Pistia stratiotes: A Quest for Re-routing Disposal to Commercial Application
Authors: Hemani Yashvi , Malde Trisha , Puri Yashika , Walvekar Shubhada , D’souza Sharon
Published: September 2024

Phytoremediation is one of the non-energy consuming processes of remediating polluted water. However, the disposal of post-remediated plants poses a threat of the re-introduction of pollutants back into the ecosystem. Re-routing remediated pollutants for commercial application could be one way to reduce the re-introduction of pollutants in an ecosystem. Heavy metal pollution in water bodies is one issue, which can be mitigated to an extent with phytoremediation. In the current study, the effect of heavy metal phytoremediation on the phytochemical fingerprint and bioactivity of Pistia stratiotes L. was investigated. Pistia stratiotes L. was subjected to different concentrations of iron (Fe) and lead (Pb), in the range of 5-20 ppm. Different parameters such as heavy metal estimation (in plants and water post-treatment), thin layer chromatography (TLC), antioxidant activity, and antiurolithic activity were measured. Post remediation, heavy metal concentration was found to be comparatively higher in roots (16.515 ± 0.008 mg.g-1 and 5.25 ± 0.086 mg.g-1 when treated with 15 ppm iron and lead respectively). TLC revealed differences between the fingerprints of treated and untreated plants. Some bands increased in intensity as the concentration of heavy metal increased, while some bands which were present in untreated, were absent in treated plant samples. Antioxidant activity of treated plants shows lesser IC50 values, compared to untreated, in that, treated leaves show better activity (IC50 = 1.8 ± 0.5220 mg.mL-1 of leaf treated with 2 ppm iron as opposed to IC50 > 5 mg.mL-1 of untreated leaf extract). The treated plants revealed good antiurolithic activity compared to untreated, in that, the percentage inhibition showed by Iron treated leaves and roots was better (96.87% and 98.95% exhibited by iron-10 ppm treated leaves and roots respectively), while the untreated showed a maximum of only 68.75% inhibition. The results suggest that the bioactivity of the plant extracts increases post-remediation. Potential applications of these extracts can be explored such as nanoparticle synthesis, drug discovery, etc.
Performance Evaluation of Advanced Wastewater Treatment Technologies in Herbal Processing and Extraction Industry
Authors: Sharda Avinash Kumar , Kanwar Varinder S. , Sharma Ashok
Published: September 2024

"Due to enormous quantities with hazards and complexity in nature is a big challenge for effective treatment of wastewater from pharmaceutical processes including herbal extraction through conventional methods of distillation. The situation is further aggravated in countries facing high rising population, urbanization, and industrialization resulting in the generation of industrial wastes. The study has been carried out in the herbal extraction industry by conducting stage-wise sampling of ETP based on the conventional method and further coupled with ozonation as an advanced treatment to comply with regulatory standards. Additionally, the same process was studied that implementing the best available technology (BAT) by providing ETP with advanced technology modules such as MBR (membrane bioreactor) + RO + O3 has not only resulted in compliance with standards but also reuse of treated wastewater into the process and utilities has been proved to be techno-economically a viable and sustainable option. Modifying existing aeration tanks and advanced oxidation through ozone injection post-biological treatment has resulted in COD and BOD reduction of 96.42% and 99.0% respectively. Whereas in the case of MBR + RO + O3, the values of pH, BOD, COD, TSS, and sulfide have been observed as 8.32, 2.0 mg.L-1, 14.0 mg.L-1, 1.0 mg.L-1 and 0.0 mg.L-1 respectively and 98% recovery of treated effluent, thus saving 44 KL.day-1 of freshwater resulting into significant financial benefits of Rupees 12.59 acs annually, which otherwise was outsourced through tankers."
Carbon Dioxide Adsorption by Variation in Operating Parameters of Sound Assisted Fluidization Using Coal Based Fine Activated Carbon
Authors: Ganorkar A. P. , Langde A. M.
Published: September 2024

This research delves into the promising domain of CO2 capture through fine solid activated carbon adsorbent, offering a more energy-efficient alternative to traditional adsorption methods. The central challenge addressed here is the utility of cheaper CO2 adsorbent, fine powder materials whose properties can be precisely tailored via molecular-level fictionalization. Equally vital is selecting an optimal fluidizing column configuration that maximizes CO2 interaction with adsorption particles and enhances adsorption efficiency. The proposed solution is a fluidized bed column uniquely equipped with integrated acoustic vibrations to counteract interparticle forces common in fine powders. For adsorption evaluations, sound-assisted fluidized-bed experimentation on a laboratory size was set up. Adsorbent material activated carbon made up of coal underwent rigorous testing between a range of 20 Hz-200 Hz and 20 dB-135 dB. Results reveal the beneficial effects of acoustic enhancement of fluidization quality and adsorption efficiency, increased adsorption capacity, enhanced bed utilization, and accelerated adsorption rates. Extensive research has been conducted on the detailed effects of major operational variables on adsorption performance, notably frequency, sound intensity, and minimum fluidization velocity. The findings highlight the pivotal role of particle size with mean size 75 microns range as a determinant of adsorption capacity at 100 Hz and 125 dB. At the end of experimentation, the adsorbent considered for the experiment is compared to the study adsorption capacity at operating conditions. The research concludes with a discussion on the effects of influencing parameters for adsorption on employing sound vibrations using fluidization technique adsorption for CO2 capture.
Fuzzy Logic Harmony in Water: Mamdani Inference System Applied to Evaluate Pristine Pond Water Quality
Authors: Priya M. , Kumaravel R.
Published: September 2024

Aquatic ecosystems that are subject to urbanization and environmental changes, such as the Kapaleeswarar and Chitrakulam tanks, depend on evaluating water quality. Their complicated data present challenges for conventional approaches. The usefulness of the Mamdani fuzzy inference system in determining the water quality in these tanks is investigated in this work. It creates a comprehensive assessment based on subject-matter expertise by handling ambiguous descriptors with linguistic variables and fuzzy sets. The system’s procedures for implementation are described in detail, with an emphasis on how well they can manage interrelated variables. The study shows how well the system measures the water quality in tanks and suggests ways to improve it. Tank evaluation that incorporates the Mamdani system encourages comprehensive resource management and cultural preservation.
The Belarusian Frontier of the 1920s: Did Belarusization Take Place in the Russian-Belarusian Border Area?
Authors: Kodin Evgenii V.
Published: September 2024

The paper analyzes the historical circumstances of the 1920s, under which in three regions of the Russian-Belarusian borderland – Pskov, Smolensk and Bryansk governorates – it was necessary to reach the objectives of ‘Belarusization’: the size of the Belarusian population, the state of the school network in the NEP era and staffing for the solution of the “Belarusian question.” Belarusization is regarded as an integral part of the new Soviet national policy based on the resolutions of the 10th and 12th Congresses of the RCP.
The purpose of the study is to identify and characterize the basic conditions for carrying out Belarusization in Russian regions with compact residence of the Belarusian population. First, this concerns the size of the Belarusian population in these governorates at the beginning and during the process of Belarusization, and detection of the dynamics and reasons for its significant reduction, starting from the end of the 19th century. Secondly, special attention must be paid to the problems in the school education system during the NEP era (financial, material, personnel), the solution of which was of much higher priority for local authorities in comparison with the objectives of Belarusization.
The results of the study show that the policy of Belarusization in the Russian border regions failed to receive the due support either from local authorities overloaded with many other urgent tasks, or from the residents of the above mentioned governorates, including Belarusians. The practice of “self-Russification” became a kind of hidden form of protest among the Belarusian part of the population of the Russian border regions.
Conclusions: The policy of Belarusization in the Russian-Belarusian border regions was not carried out in full even in the “minor format” proposed by Moscow, largely due to its artificiality and implementation without taking into account the opinions of the majority of Russian Belarusians themselves. The study is intended for specialists in national and regional politics, and in Russian and Belarusian history.
Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Canton): Ethno- Projections and Ethnicity of the Region within the Framework of the Russian Model of Federalism
Authors: Kamenskikh Mikhail S.
Published: September 2024

The article concerns the analysis of the author’s field research in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (YNAO) in 2021-2022. Based on the results of a mass survey of the population, recorded interviews and a focus group, various aspects of the ethnicity of the region and the role of the ethnic factor in the cultural and political space of the region are considered. The available information allows us to conclude that today one of the most visible and successful models of regional identity based on the culture of the peoples of the North has been formed in Yamal. However, the changed demographic appearance of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the problems of preserving the culture of the peoples of the North, internal contradictions in the social movement may in the future raise the question of the appropriateness of the chosen model. But its revision is impossible, since orientation to the culture of the peoples of the North is the foundation for the existence of autonomy.
Alterações de comunicação e funções estomatognáticas em idosos atendidos em clínica-escola odontológica
Authors: Barbosa-Medeiros Mirna , Carvalho Quintino Alex Fabiany , Quintão Rodrigues Carlos Alberto , Oliveira Nobre Maria Cleonice , Carvalho Bonfim Maria de Lourdes
Published: September 2024

Objetivos: avaliar a presença das alterações de comunicação e funções estomatognáticas em idosos atendidos em clínica-escola odontológica, e verificar associação com as condições de saúde bucal. Método: estudo transversal, documental, realizado a partir da coleta de informações de prontuários odontológicos de idosos atendidos entre fevereiro de 2013 e fevereiro de 2018. A coleta foi feita entre agosto e dezembro de 2018. Foram obtidas informações sobre sexo, idade, condições bucais, presença de doenças sistêmicas e questionário de triagem fonoaudiológica. Realizou-se teste de associação do Qui-quadrado. Resultados: Apenas 7% dos idosos apresentaram dentição natural. A ocorrência de dificuldades de mastigação, deglutição, fala, audição e memória foram, respectivamente, de 28%, 5%, 10%, 20% e 14%. Houve associação entre dificuldades de mastigação e edentulismo parcial ou total. Conclusões: A mastigação foi a função em que os idosos apresentaram maior dificuldade. Aqueles que possuem muitos dentes perdidos em uma ou ambas as arcadas dentárias e que não utilizam próteses possuem mais dificuldades de mastigação comparados aos idosos com dentes naturais ou que utilizam próteses parciais ou totais.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN ASPEK KEBAHASAN TEKS OBSERVASI BERBASIS APLIKASI POWTOON KELAS X MAS PROYEK UNIVA MEDAN
Authors: Ningsih Sri , Kartika Rika , Safina Nila , Soraya Ratna
Published: September 2024

This study aims to determine the development of feasibility and effectiveness of video learning media products on the Indonesian material "Text of the Observation Report". This research uses a 4D development method by Thiagarajan which consists of four stages, namely define, design, development, and dissemination. The instrument in this study used questionnaires addressed to material expert validators and learning media experts, Indonesian teachers and a number of 23 grade X MIA1 MAS students of the Univa Medan Project to determine the analysis of student needs on learning media. The data analysis technique used in calculating the percentage of indicators to determine the feasibility of learning media is quantitative descriptive analysis. The results of video learning media feasibility validation based on validation research by material I were obtained 88% got the value criteria "Very Feasible", the results of the material II validation assessment were obtained 85% got the value criteria  "Very Feasible" Field implementation test with 23 students of grade X MIA1 MAS Univa Medan Project obtained 88% getting the value criteria "Very Feasible.The stage of the results of the effectiveness of teaching materials for lecture texts assisted by theme card media was carried out by means of evaluation tests on question sheets to be able to measure the effectiveness of learning media. The results of the evaluation obtained the criteria of "Very Effective" value with a percentage (93%).
Data Preparation and Bootstrapping Analysis for Stakeholder Participation in School Management: Impact on Academic Achievement in Ugandan Public Secondary Schools
Authors: Nakiyaga Dorothy , Sentamu Proscovia Namubiru , Ssekamatte David
Published: September 2024

Data preparation for stakeholder participation in school management aims to organize and structure data for analysing its impact on academic achievement in Ugandan public secondary schools. The process ensures a reliable dataset for bootstrapping analysis, thus enabling making of inferences on stakeholder participation’s effects on academic achievement. This paper presents part of the findings from a larger study conducted in public secondary schools in Uganda. Specifically, the focus is on the preliminary analysis which is necessary for conducting the bootstrapping technique as a multivariate analysis. The findings indicate 5 discrete dimensions of participation in school management that influence learners’ academic achievement in public secondary schools. Stakeholder participation in school management creates a collaborative and supportive ecosystem that positively influences the learner’s academic achievement by addressing challenges, implementing effective strategies, and creating an environment that nurtures the intellectual and social development of learners. Through collaboration, stakeholders can foster a supportive environment that positively influences learners' academic achievement. Practical and theoretical implications, study limitations, and future research considerations are presented.
The Implications of A Recessionary Trend in An Economy and The Role That Monetary Policy, Through Government Intervention, Helps Rectify The Same
Authors: Pruthi Vivaan
Published: September 2024

This paper delves into the different consequences of a recession and economic downturns through different case studies such as the lost decades in Japan and the Stock market crash in the USA in 2007. Moreover through these case studies the paper establishes a link between financial markets and monetary policy as most recent recession have either been caused by financial crisis or have been preceded by them."As such it explores how the prevalent theoretical framework of monetary policy during the times of Friedman, which tasked monetary policy with fluctuating short term interest rates to meet inflation targets and further be stable in the long term to foster economic growth and feed consumer expectation, has now been usurped by governments to act as a stabiliser of economic downturns such as a recession. Through these case studies it offers a critique of recent expansionary policies undertaken in Japan that have often ignored the long time gap inconsistency problem of Japan which has lead to unconventional yet inconsistent monetary actions in Japan being unable to solve the recession. This critique is furthered through its comparison tot he actions of the FED that suggest monetary policy is best used aggressively over the long term to foster consumer expectations and thus return confidence in the economy and the credit system after a recession. This is supported by different IMF investigations discussed in the paper which reveal the importance of aggressive monetary policy with the support of fiscal stimulus to best solve a recession. Finally this paper then seeks to determine the implications of a recessionary trend in an economy and the role that Monetary policy, through government intervention, helps rectify the same.
A Comparative Study of Aristotle’s Philosophy and Manusmriti on Woman
Authors: Meena Aaditi Mohanlal
Published: September 2024

This paper aims to perform a comparative study of the philosophies of Aristotle and the laws enshrined in the Manusmriti. This comparative study examines Aristotle's philosophical perspectives on women as delineated in his works, particularly "Politics" and "Nicomachean Ethics," juxtaposed with the portrayal of women in the Manusmriti, an ancient Hindu legal text. This study aims to illuminate the divergent conceptions of women's roles, capabilities, and societal status in ancient philosophical and legal frameworks by analyzing these two distinct yet influential sources from different cultural and historical contexts. By navigating the complexities of interpreting ancient texts within their historical and cultural contexts, this comparative study aims to contribute to ongoing discourses on gender equity, social change, and the intersections of philosophy and law in shaping perceptions of women's roles and status in antiquity and beyond.