bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Podobieństwa struktur zatrudnienia w sektorze przemysłowym w krajach UE-27
Authors: Wąsowicz Jarosław
Published: February 2021

Sektor przemysłowy jest jedną z głównych sił napędowych wzrostu gospodarczego, szczególniew krajach rozwijających się. Pozytywna dynamika zmian w sektorze przemysłowym przyczynia siędo efektów w innych sektorach gospodarki. Celem artykułu jest pogrupowanie badanych krajów UE-27 podwzględem zatrudnienia w sektorze przemysłowym w celu utworzenia jednorodnych klas. Zakres czasowyanalizy obejmuje 2013 rok. Wybór takiego okresu badawczego wynika z dostępności i porównywalności danychstatystycznych w przekroju poszczególnych krajów Unii Europejskiej. Procedura grupowania uwzględniawewnątrzgrupowe i międzygrupowe zróżnicowanie wybranych zmiennych diagnostycznych. W badaniuzastosowano hierarchiczne metody aglomeracji i metodę k-średnich. Głównymi kryteriami decydującymio przynależności badanych krajów UE-27 do skupień są: udział zatrudnionych w produkcji i udział zatrudnionychw budownictwie. Kraje UE-15, zwłaszcza Niemcy, Wielka Brytania, Francja, Hiszpania, Włochy i osobnoPolska charakteryzują się wyższymi wartościami średnich dla wybranych zmiennych diagnostycznych, czyliudziału zatrudnionych w sektorze produkcji i udziału zatrudnionych w budownictwie, w porównaniu z przeciętnymiwartościami zmiennych w grupie pozostałych krajów UE-27.
DC Glow Discharge Plasma Characteristics in Ar/O2 Gas Mixture
Authors: Jabur Younus K. , Hammed Mohammed Gh. , Khalaf Mohammed K.
Published: February 2021

In this article, the effects of the O2 ratio  on the electrical characteristics, including the I-V characteristic curve, Panchenâ€™s curve, and I-P curve, were tested in a sample of O2/Ar gaseous mixture . The sample was produced by plasma-based DC magnetron sputtering with niobium metal as a target material. The inter-electrode spacing value was 4 cm. Plasma diagnosis via the Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) method was used to achieve Te and Ne mixture values of 20 %, 30 %, 50%, and 70% in the Ar/O2 system. The results showed that the discharge is operating in the abnormal glow region and the discharge current was decreased by increasing O2 percentage. In addition, the experimental results showed that the discharge is optimal at 30% gas ratio.  It was found that the electron temperature was decreased with increasing working pressure and increased with increasing the O2 percentage, while electron density was increased with increasing both working gas pressure and O2 percentage.
Pulsed Laser Deposition of Tio2 Nanostructures for Verify the Linear and Non-Linear Optical Characteristics
Authors: Mutlak Falah A-H. , Jamal Raied K , Ahmed Ala F.
Published: February 2021

The present work aims to achieve pulsed laser deposition ofTiO2 nanostructures and investigate their nonlinear properties using z-scan technique.The second harmonic Q-switched Nd: YAG laser at repetition rate of 1Hz and wavelength of 532 nm with three different laser fluencies in the range of 0.77-1.1 J/cm2 was utilized to irradiate the TiO2 target. The products of laser-induced plasma were characterized by utilizing UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force Microscope (AFM),and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). A reasonable agreement was found among the data obtained usingX-Ray diffraction, UV-Vis and Raman spectroscopy. The XRD results showed that the prepared TiO2 thin films were all crystallite structure with no impurity peaks of other elements. Also, their peak intensities were increased with increasing the ablating laser fluency. AFM measurements indicated that,during pulsed laser deposition, as the laser fluency was increased, the average diameter of the prepared TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs)was decreased from 86 to 57 nm, althoughthe differences were increased with the increase in the laser fluency. The multiphoton absorption was investigated using ultra-fast femtosecond laser with the z-scan method.The impact of thickness of the prepared films on the non-linear absorption coefficient was studied as well.
Approximation of Modified Baskakov Operators Based on Parameter s
Authors: Mohammad Ali J. , S. A. Abdul-Hammed  , T. A. Abdul-Qader
Published: February 2021

In this article, we define and study a family of modified Baskakov type operators based on a parameter . This family is a generalization of the classical Baskakov sequence. First, we prove that it converges to the function being approximated. Then, we find a Voronovsky-type formula and obtain that the order of approximation of this family is . This order is better than the order of the classical Baskakov sequence  whenever . Finally, we apply our sequence to approximate two test functions and analyze the numerical results obtained.
Effect of the Altitudes and Eccentricity of the Initial Orbit on Satellite Transition Efficiency
Authors: Fadhil Omar A. , Saleh AbdulRahman H.
Published: February 2021

This research dealt with choosing the best satellite parking orbit and then the transition of the satellite from the low Earth orbit to the geosynchronous orbit (GEO). The aim of this research is to achieve this transition with the highest possible efficiency (lowest possible energy, time, and fuel consumption with highest accuracy) in the case of two different inclination orbits. This requires choosing a suitable primary parking orbit. All of the methods discussed in previous studies are based on two orbits at the same plane, mostly applying the circular orbit as an initial orbit. This transition required the use of the advanced technique of the Hohmann transfer method for the elliptical orbits, as we did in an earlier research, namely the transition from the perigee of the initial orbit to the final orbit and then conducting the rotation of the orbit plane to match the plane for the desired final orbit.

     The effect of the perigee altitude of the initial orbit on the transition efficiency calculated for the values â€‹â€‹between 300 to 3000 km. It was found that increasing the altitude reduces the energy and fuel needed for transportation, but the time required for transportation increases, into account that the increased height of the initial or parking orbit also implies the requirement of higher energy to reach it.

The effects of eccentricity (e) values of the initial orbit between 0.01 to 0.2 on the transition efficiency were calculated. It was found that the increase in (e) reduces the energy and fuel, but does not affect the time, required for transportation.
Impacts of the Physico-chemical Properties of Al-Chibayish Water Marshes on The Biodiversity of Phytoplankton
Authors: Jaafar Firas AbdulHassan , Abdulwahhab Ahmed Saad
Published: February 2021

Phytoplankton, as one of the most important primary producers in aquatic ecosystems, has been widely used to indicate the health of ecosystems. Nine physico-chemical parameters of water, as well as the phytoplankton community, of Al-Chibayish marsh were studied. Samples were collected from four sites and analyzed every two months from January to October 2019.

    Seasonal variations in physical and chemical properties were observed at all sites during the study period. The results indicated that 154 species of phytoplankton were recorded. The highest percentage of species was recorded to be 64.28% for Bacillariophyceae (diatoms) (Centrales 3.24% and Pennales 61.03%), followed by Chlorophyceae (16.23%), Cyanophyceae (11.68%), and Charophyceae and Euglenophyceae (3.24%), while Pyrrophyceae recorded the lowest value (1.29%) The numbers of phytoplankton species were 102, 94, 102, 99 in sites 1, 2, 3 and 4 ,respectively, during the study period.  The total density of phytoplankton ranged from 223.769 cells x103 during January to 2784.693 cells x103 during September in site 2, with a clear increase during March and September, while the lowest number was 223.796 - 237.248 cells x103 in January and May, respectively. The dominance of diatoms was observed in all sites by 49.07% of the total density of phytoplankton, while the lowest abundance was 0.04% for the Pyrrophyceae. The results of the statistical analysis showed significant differences among sites and months, concerning the physical, chemical, and biological factors measured during the study period, at p-value <0.05.
Determination the Optimum Conditions of the Activity and Stability of Lipase Extracted from Sunflower Germinated Seeds
Authors: Al-Haidari Alaa M. Dh. , Alsaadawi Ibrahim S. , Khudhair Saad Hussein
Published: February 2021

The present study was conducted to determine the optimum conditions required for lipase enzyme activity extracted from germinated sunflower seeds, including temperature, pH, agitation, time of incubation, enzyme concentration, substrate type, and concentrations of mineral salts and EDTA. Optimum pH, temperature and time of incubation required for lipase stability were also determined. The results showede optimum lipase activity (3.251U/ml) wasund at 30 ÌŠC and pH 7 after 20 minutes of incubation when using 1 ml lipase enzyme with 0.02 ml of CaCl2 (10 mM) at 100 rpm of agitation and in the presence of olive oil as the substrate for enzyme reaction. EDTA appeared to have inhibitory effects, while Ca+2 and Mg+2 have stimulatory effects on lipase activity. The values of lipase activity, total activity, and specific activity measured under optimum conditions were increased by 36.99%, 36.95%, and 38.21% over control, respectively. The enzyme showed stability at a temperature ranged between 30 to 50 ËšC, pH between 7 to 8, and time of incubation between 10 to 40 minutes. These results suggest that lipase enzyme extracted from germinated sunflower seeds have stability that depends on pH, temperature, and incubation period, which enables it to be used in different industries.
Percepciones sociales de la Selección Chilena de Fútbol como marca
Authors: Benavides Cristóbal , Brito Juan Ignacio , Guerrero Juan Ignacio , Tagle Francisco
Published: February 2021

Los éxitos deportivos alcanzados por la Selección Nacional de Fútbol de Chile en los años 2015 y 2016 permiten distinguir los cambios en las percepciones de los chilenos respecto a La Roja. A partir de la consideración de este equipo como una marca, se concluyó que posee un alto grado simbólico en cuanto a elemento de unión de la sociedad chilena, a la que se considera como fragmentada. Para este estudio se realizaron 2.410 encuestas cara a cara en Santiago de Chile a personas de entre 10 y 80 años, que fueron segmentadas a partir de los grupos socioeconómicos que conforman el país.
Migración temporal y uso de redes sociales por parte de estudiantes universitarios internacionales en Cataluña
Authors: Echauri Guillermo , Figueras-Maz Mònica
Published: February 2021

Los estudiantes internacionales conforman un tipo de migración caracterizada por aspectos como la temporalidad de sus desplazamientos transnacionales; además, como jóvenes, su acercamiento a tecnologías digitales entre las que se incluyen las redes sociales suele ser intenso. Este artículo describe algunos aspectos de la experiencia de uso de redes sociales por parte de estudiantes universitarios internacionales durante sus periodos de movilidad académica en la ciudad de Barcelona. A través de un enfoque etnográfico, se exploran temas como los elementos que conforman las publicaciones que los estudiantes hacen durante su estancia en la ciudad, los cambios que han experimentado en el uso de sus redes sociales a partir de sus desplazamientos entre fronteras o la percepción y aparición de diferencias culturales nacionales respecto al empleo de plataformas como WhatsApp.
Presentación
Authors: Contreras Espinosa Ruth S.
Published: February 2021

Las redes sociales se han apoderado del sector empresarial, el ámbito publicitario y, además, del área deportiva. Han tenido un impacto en la forma en que nos comunicamos y ahora se han convertido en una parte integral de nuestras vidas. Las redes sociales permiten a las organizaciones llegar a sus clientes, independientemente de los límites geográficos, para crear una conciencia de marca, pero también llegar a los usuarios para proporcionar noticias poco fiables. La influencia de las redes sociales ha dado lugar a un género diferente de comunicación, donde las conversaciones son rápidas y la información se transmite fácilmente, por esa razón, las redes sociales son un tema constante de discusión.
Creativity Quotient of Undergraduate Students in Higher Education Institutes within Thailand
Authors:   Thinking and Disposition STAR Research (TDSR) group, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand, Saengpanya Weeraphol , Upasen Ratchaneekorn ,   Thinking and Disposition STAR Research (TDSR) group, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand, Kaewkohsaba Somkiat ,   Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, Thailand
Published: February 2021

The creativity quotient (CQ) is an essential competency strongly linked to the innovation of a person’s future development. Creativity quotient scores are calculated by ideational fluency scoring and are derived from the fluency and flexibility of the responses. A total of 1,200 undergraduate students from various types of universities (public and autonomous, Rajabhat University, Rajamangala University of Technology, and private) within Thailand were tested using a classical divergent thinking task to measure CQ. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the demographic characteristics, and the CQ of undergraduate students in Thailand. The results revealed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.01) among the type of university, gender, field of study, year of study, and Grade Point Average (GPA). The highest CQ score among undergraduate students was 18, and the lowest score was 0. The total average CQ score was 5.74, and the standard deviation was 2.82. Moreover, the results indicated that students who studied in the Rajabhat University had the highest CQ scores. The study also showed that year 4 and above female students in Humanities and Social Sciences with GPAs between 3.51 and 4.00 had the highest CQ scores. These findings may be used as the primary data for educators and administrators in higher education to develop strategies to enhance students’ creativity and innovation.
Prerequisites for the development and implementation 1957 Soviet administrative-economic reform
Authors: Zhil'nikov Andrei Maksimovich , Danilov Igor' Borisovich
Published: February 2021

 The object of this research is the 1957 Soviet administrative-economic reform, while the subject is the prerequisites for the development and implementation of this reform. The goal consists in determination and analysis of the prerequisites for the development and implementation of 1957 Soviet administrative-economic reform. The article examines the activity of the Soviet government and party in the 1950s; identifies the economic and political prerequisites that influenced the course of events. The reform was aimed at weakening the central authority, downsizing of ministries, simplification of the centralized planned system of economic management, and establishment of the new industrial management branches – councils of the national economy of administrative economic districts. The research is based on the principle of historicism, employs the historical-genetic, functional, and formal-legal methods. The chronological framework stretch from 1953 to 1957. The administrative-economic reform is conditioned by the economic and political prerequisites. The authors note the industrial slowdown, as well as the crisis of the state plan system. The political crisis that unfolded in the USSR in 1950s had most considerable impact upon the reform. The reform was of uninstitutionalized nature, and served as the mechanism for strengthening the party authorities. 
Semantic peculiarities of translation of military ranks in the Vietnamese language
Authors: Serbin Vladimir Alekseevich
Published: February 2021

The process of translating nomenclature concepts is quite complicated, which prompts the translator to find realias in their native language. Accurate translation and finding proper equivalents require standardization and unification of the systems of nomenclature concepts of military terms in the original and target languages. An attempt is made to standardize and explain the rules of utilization and translation of the system of military ranks based on their semantic peculiarities in the Russian and Vietnamese languages. The author makes brief notes on the translation of military ranks and spoken forms of military greetings. Despite the sufficient coverage of the topic of semantic peculiarities of terminology, it retains relevant. The question of translating military ranks along with other nomenclature terms in the Vietnamese language, raises some questions. The author provides a general overview of the system of military ranks, determines similarities and differences, and attempts to develop a unified approach towards translation of these nomenclature concepts in the original and target languages. The article employs the comparative and descriptive methods of research. The acquired results demonstrate that the question of translation equivalence should be explored only through comparative analysis. The presented materials can be applied in lexicography and translation practice.
The impact of extralinguistic factors upon the subject matter of children's discourse
Authors: Luan Luan
Published: February 2021

This article analyzes different perspectives on the problem of definition of the concept of “children's discourse”, reveals its theoretical framework, as well as clarifies the impact of extralinguistic factors upon the subject matter. Children’s everyday speech. recorded by their parents and posted on the website “Children Speak” www.det.org.ru, is the subject of this research. The goal consists in identification and analysis of the thematic peculiarities of children's discourse and the contributing factors. The scientific novelty of this work lies in revelation of thematic peculiarities of children's discourse on the example of children’s everyday speech; analysis of the key factors influencing their speech activity depending on the frequency of utilization of the studied topics. Theoretical significance of this work consists in elucidation of the concept of “children's discourse”, its dependence on the child’s linguistic identity, and difference from children's speech. Practical significance consists in the acquired results that can be applied in the university courses of psycholinguistics, linguoculturology, ontolinguistics, as well as in compiling textbooks on the Russian language for children. The author distinguishes between the concepts of “children's discourse” and “children's speech”; establishes correlation between the children's discourse and child’s linguistic identity; highlights the frequently used thematic groups, as well as underlines the impact of such factors as visual objects, sociology, and culture upon the children’s discourse. The conclusions may become the foundation for further research dedicated to to children's discourse, children's speech, ontolinguistics, etc.
Functionality of the synonyms of nuclear lexemes “Pravda (truth) / Verite}” in the Russian and French Literary texts
Authors: Larina Vera Valentinovna , Shatilova Lyubov' Mikhailovna , Nifanova Tat'yana Sergeevna
Published: February 2021

The goal of this article consists in carrying out a semantic analysis of the synonyms of nuclear lexemes “Pravda (truth)/ Verite” in the Russian and French literary texts. The subject of this research is the semantics of lexemes representing the concept of “Truth” in the Russian and French languages. Very few works in the modern linguistics are dedicated to comparative study of the concept of “Truth” in the Russian and French literary texts, which defines the relevance of this article. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the author is first to examine functionality of the synonyms of nuclear lexemes “Pravda (truth) / Verite” in the Russian and French literary texts, as well as to determine the composition of meanings and dynamics of their development in these lexemes. The article employs the comparative and quantitative methods, semantic analysis, and modeling. In both languages the concept of “Pravda (truth) / Verite” implies such notions as: “Honesty”, ”Fairness”, “Sincerity”, ”Reality”, “Veracity”. The conclusion is made that in the Russian and French literary texts, the linguocultural concept of “Truth” is reflected in its primary meaning – "Honesty”. The distinctive feature is the in the Russian texts it is used as “Veracity”, while in the French – as “Fairness”, which emphasizes the specificity of mentality reflected in the linguistic worldview.
Turgenev’s traditions and motifs in the collection “Dragons, Tigers and Dogs” by Ba Jin
Authors: Ren Xiaoxuan
Published: February 2021

The subject of this research is the adoption and development of the motifs of I. S. Turgenev’s “Poems in Prose” in the lyrical collection “Dragons, Tigers and Dogs” by Ba Jin, who was dubbed “China’s Turgenev”. Attention is focused on the analysis of literary techniques adopted by Ba Jin from Turgenev, such as: narrative methods, motifs of the dreams, latent psychologism and profound psychologism of the landscape, symbolism, and fundamental musicality of the text. The research material contains the lyrical cycles of both writers, author's commentaries, journal articles published in Russia and China dedicated to examination of Turgenev's impact upon the Chinese writers. The article employs the historical-functional and comparative methods of analysis. The author is first to explore the influence of Turgenev's “Poems in Prose” on the works of Ba Jin, which defines the scientific novelty of this research. Ba Jin's scrutiny of Turgenev's “Poems in Prose”, during his work on translations, is reflected in his collection on the level of symbolism and the choice of motifs, command of language and literary style overall. The musicality of Turgenev's “Poems in Prose” encouraged Ba Jin to pursue the new artistic expressiveness of the language. The aesthetic peculiarities of Turgenev's “Poems in Prose” are consonant with the traditions and aesthetic requests of the Ancient Chinese literature, which justifies the enduring popularity of Turgenev’s works in China.
Marxism-Leninism and Christianity: communalization of property, ethics, and justice
Authors: Barinov Nikolai Nikolaevich
Published: February 2021

This article conducts a historical-theological analysis of compatibility of the theory and practice of Marxism-Leninism with Christianity. The relevance of this question is substantiated by the ongoing polemics on the subject matter, which is directly related to the social structure. The historical-theological aspects are examined on the basis of critical study of the historical-philosophical works and historical documents on the topic. An attempt is made of systemic analysis of the subject under review. Three questions are examined: communalization of property, ethics, and justice. For comprehensive examination of this topic, the author provides the views of the opposing sides, texts of the Holy Scripture, and opinions of the Fathers of Orthodox Church. The novelty is defined by the fact that this article is first to examine certain documents the context of the indicated problem. The author also presents a more in-depth historical-theological analysis of the comparison of Marxism-Leninism and Orthodox Christianity, of compared to other existing research. The goal consists in consideration of the historical documents and historical-theological works on the topic. The conclusion is made that despite seeming similarity of certain provisions, Marxism-Leninism is incompatible with Christianity. From the theoretical perspective, socialism, in case of eliminating all contradictions, could have exist in symbiosis with Christianity. However, by no means such socialism would be founded on Marxism-Leninism.
Hype-eschatology or the “COVID-19 game”: transformation of religious conscience
Authors: Fedorova Marina
Published: February 2021

This article analyzes the recently observed transformation of religious conscience. The author believes that these changes are most obvious during the period of global crises, such as COVID-19 pandemic. The article suggests that the most optimal perspective for examination of the transformation of religious conscience s consists in the analysis through the prism of eschatological problematic. Eschatology manifests as an indicator for the transformation of religiousness, which is substantiated by actualization of apocalyptic moods in the context of global civilizational crises. Methodological framework of this research is comprised of the system-structural and functional approaches, which allowed resolving the set tasks in the broad interdisciplinary context, including the experience of philosophy, theology and sociology. The author leans on the results of several sociological research dedicated to the dynamics of youth value orientations that were conducted over the period from 1997 to 2020. The empirical material contains the data of such social media ad Vkontakte, Facebook and Instagram, messenger (Telegram), and video hosting platform (YouTube). The author highlights a number of basic ideas viewed within the framework of eschatology of the Abrahamic religions (namely Christian eschatology). Firstly, private eschatology, reflected in the attitude towards one's own death and related questions of afterlife retribution. Secondly, the belief in arrival of the Messiah; and, thirdly, the expected end of history and time. These ideas developed during the viral shedding of COVID-19. The author meticulously analyzes how the eschatological theme mainstreams in the conditions of pandemic and self-isolation regime. The conclusion is made that the manifestations of apocalyptic moods during the pandemic are characterized by game nature, tendency to hype, focus on individual experiences, shift in the higher value of eschatology towards the collective culture, which is expressed in the effect of carnivalization of consciousness, transfer of eschatological problematic from religious to sociopolitical plane.
Aspectos nutricionais em doentes renais crônicos em tratamento conservador: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Lima Gibran Said Barbosa
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Descrever por meio de uma análise da literatura científica sobre os aspectos nutricionais do paciente renal crônico em tratamento conservador. Métodos: Estudo de Revisão Integrativa de natureza qualitativa com abordagem descritiva e exploratória. Os artigos foram buscados nas bases de dados Lilacs, Scielo, Acervo+ e PubMed, seguidos de pré-análise, exploração do material, tratamento dos dados, interpretação dos resultados e elaboração das categorias temáticas do estudo, dispostos em quadro sinóptico para a definição e composição das categorias analíticas que responderam à pergunta norteadora da pesquisa. Resultados: Foram incluídos nove estudos de acordo com os critérios estabelecidos. Pode-se observar que o tratamento conservador é um regime terapêutico que apresenta desafios ao paciente, pois não é fácil mudar os hábitos alimentares como deixar de comer proteínas, evitar o sódio e limitar-se no consumo de líquidos, exigindo a adesão tanto do paciente como de familiares para que não apareçam complicações mais graves. Considerações finais: As restrições nutricionais representam o maior desafio do tratamento conservador da Doença Renal Crônica (DRC), pois exige mudança dos hábitos não apenas do paciente, mas de todos os familiares. A dieta para indivíduos com DRC devem ser adequadas às necessidades individuais, prevenindo desnutrição e garantindo a adesão dos clientes.
A Briggs-Rauscher Reaction-based Spectrometric Assay to Determine Antioxidant Content in Complex Matrices in Low Technology Environments
Authors: Singhal Ankit , Grögli Philipp , Geiser Bernd , Handl Alina
Published: February 2021

The Briggs-Rauscher (BR) reaction is free radical based where the kinetics of formation of different iodide species leads to potentiometric and color oscillations. These oscillations were monitored in this study using a UV/Vis attenuated total reflection probe to develop an assay to
measure the antioxidant content in complex matrices. The periodicity of the BR reaction was found to be very consistent (range 24–25 seconds, n = 16). Adding various amounts of ascorbic acid, a well-known antioxidant, led to an inhibition of the reaction with a linear calibration curve
of antioxidant periodicity time (APT, r 2 > 0.99). The validity of this test in complex matrices was studied by determining the APT of nine fruits, and the resulting antioxidant capacity in ascorbic acid equivalency was calculated. The results generated by this assay were found be accurate
through comparison with the well-established FRAP assay. These results show that visual or spectrometric monitoring of BR reaction can be used as a reliable, quick, and inexpensive alternative to more established assays with the added advantage that values generated from this assay is at pH
2 which is similar to that in the human stomach.
Extreme Methane Bubbling Emissions from a Subtropical Shallow Eutrophic Pond
Authors:   Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710075, China, Xiao Shangbin , Liu Weiguo ,   Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710075, China, Yang Hong ,   Bryant University, Smithfield RI, 02917, USA, Liu Defu ,   College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China, Wang Yuchun ,   Department of Water Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China, Peng Feng ,   College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering,China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China, Li Yingchen ,   College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering,China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China, Wang Chenghao ,   College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering,China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China, Zhang Cheng ,   College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering,China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China, Li Xianglong ,   College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering,China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China, Wu Gaochang ,   College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering,China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China, Liu Li ,   College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering,China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China, Ouyang Kaihua ,   College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering,China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
Published: February 2021

For the first time we report on real time diel bubble and diffusion gas fluxes lasting for 48 hours of a subtropical shallow pond. The averaged diffusion fluxes of methane and carbon dioxide were 0.074 and 62.70 mg•m-2•h-1, and the averaged ebullition fluxes of methane and carbon dioxide were 24.726 and 1.92 mg•m-2•h-1 respectively. Bubble emissions of CH4 and CO2 accounted for 99.7% of the total CH4 emission and only 3.0% of the totalCO2 from the pond respectively. The CH4 flux across the water-air interface of the pond was 595.20 mg•m-2•h-1 and equaledCO2 flux of 14880.0 mg•m-2•d-1 by multiplying its global warming potential. Thus, the small pond added equivalent of 35.712 kg/dCO2 emission by transferring CO2 to CH4 in the summer, in which process CO2 was absorbed owing to alga propagation and CH4 emission was derived from the anaerobic degradation of dead alga buried on its bottom.
Strong equivalence of reversible circuits is coNP-complete
Authors: Jordan Stephen P.
Published: February 2021

It is well-known that deciding equivalence of logic circuits is a coNP-complete problem. As a corollary, the problem of deciding weak equivalence of reversible circuits, \emph{i.e.} allowing initialized ancilla bits in the input and ignoring ``garbage'' ancilla bits in the output, is also coNP-complete. The complexity of deciding strong equivalence, including the ancilla bits, is less obvious and may depend on gate set. Here we use Barrington's theorem to show that deciding strong equivalence of reversible circuits built from the Fredkin gate is coNP-complete. This implies coNP-completeness of deciding strong equivalence for other commonly used universal reversible gate sets, including any gate set that includes the Toffoli or Fredkin gate.
On the non-locality of tripartite non-signaling boxes emerging from wirings
Authors: Tuziemski Jan , Horodecki Karol
Published: February 2021

It has been recently shown, that some of the tripartite boxes admitting bilocal decomposition, lead to non-locality under wiring operation applied to two of the subsystems [R. Gallego et al. Physical Review Letters 109, 070401 (2012)]. In the following, we study this phenomenon quantitatively. Basing on the known classes of boxes closed under wirings, we introduce multipartite monotones which are counterparts of bipartite ones - the non-locality cost and robustness of non-locality. We then provide analytical lower bounds on both the monotones in terms of the Maximal Non-locality which can be obtained by Wirings (MWN). We prove also upper bounds for the MWN of a given box, based on the weight of boxes signaling in a particular direction, that appear in its fully bilocal decomposition. We study different classes of partially local boxes (i.e. having local variable model with respect to some grouping of the parties). For each class the MWN is found, using the Linear Programming. The wirings which lead to the MWN and exhibit that some of them can serve as a witness of the certain classes are also identified. We conclude with example of partially local boxes being analogue of quantum states that allow to distribute entanglement in separable manner.
The impact of resource on remote quantum correlation Preparation
Authors: Wu Chengjun , Luo Bin , Guo Hong
Published: February 2021

When Alice and Bob share two pairs of quantum correlated states, Alice can remotely prepare quantum entanglement and quantum discord in Bob’s side by measuring the parts in her side and telling Bob the measurement results by classical communication. For remote entanglement preparation, entanglement is necessary . We find that for some shared resources having the same amount of entanglement, when Bell measurement is used, the entanglement remotely prepared can be different, and more discord in the resources actually decreases the entanglement prepared. We also find that for some resources with more entanglement, the entanglement remotely prepared may be less. Therefore, we conclude that entanglement is a necessary resource but may not be the only resource responsible for the entanglement remotely prepared, and discord does not likely to assist this process. Also, for the preparation of discord, we find that some states with no entanglement could outperform entangled states.
A qutrit quantum key distribution protocol using Bell inequalities with larger violation capabilities
Authors: Amblard Zoe , Arnault Francois
Published: February 2021

The Ekert quantum key distribution protocol [1] uses pairs of entangled qubits and performs checks based on a Bell inequality to detect eavesdropping. The 3DEB protocol [2] uses instead pairs of entangled qutrits to achieve better noise resistance than the Ekert protocol. It performs checks based on a Bell inequality for qutrits named CHSH-3 and found in [3, 4]. In this paper, we present a new protocol, which also uses pairs of entangled qutrits, but gaining advantage of a Bell inequality which achieves better noise resistance than the one used in 3DEB. The latter inequality is called here hCHSH-3 and was discovered in [5]. For each party, the hCHSH-3 inequality involves four observables already used in CHSH-3 but also two products of observables which do not commute. We explain how the parties can measure the observables corresponding to these products and thus are able to check the violation of hCHSH-3. In the presence of noise, this violation guarantees the security against a local Trojan horse attack. We also designed a version of our protocol which is secure against individual attacks.
Adiabatic optimization without local minima
Authors: Jarret Michael , Jordan Stephen P.
Published: February 2021

Several previous works have investigated the circumstances under which quantum adiabatic optimization algorithms can tunnel out of local energy minima that trap simulated annealing or other classical local search algorithms. Here we investigate the even more basic question of whether adiabatic optimization algorithms always succeed in polynomial time for trivial optimization problems in which there are no local energy minima other than the global minimum. Surprisingly, we find a counterexample in which the potential is a single basin on a graph, but the eigenvalue gap is exponentially small as a function of the number of vertices. In this counterexample, the ground state wavefunction consists of two ``lobes'' separated by a region of exponentially small amplitude. Conversely, we prove if the ground state wavefunction is single-peaked then the eigenvalue gap scales at worst as one over the square of the number of vertices.
Solution to time-energy costs of quantum channels
Authors: Fung Chi-Hang F. , Chau H. F. , Li Chi-Kwong , Sze Nung-Sing
Published: February 2021

We derive a formula for the time-energy costs of general quantum channels proposed in [Phys. Rev. A {\bf 88}, 012307 (2013)]. This formula allows us to numerically find the time-energy cost of any quantum channel using positive semidefinite programming. We also derive a lower bound to the time-energy cost for any channels and the exact the time-energy cost for a class of channels which includes the qudit depolarizing channels and projector channels as special cases.
Complexity of the XY antiferromagnet at fixed magnetization
Authors: Childs Andrew M. , Gosset David , Webb Zak
Published: February 2021

We prove that approximating the ground energy of the antiferromagnetic XY model on a simple graph at fixed magnetization (given as part of the instance specification) is QMA-complete. To show this, we strengthen a previous result by establishing QMAcompleteness for approximating the ground energy of the Bose-Hubbard model on simple graphs. Using a connection between the XY and Bose-Hubbard models that we exploited in previous work, this establishes QMA-completeness of the XY model.
Quantum codes over a class of finite chain ring
Authors: Sari Mustafa , Siap Irfan
Published: February 2021

In this study, we introduce a new Gray map which preserves the orthogonality from the chain ring F_2 [u] / (u^s ) to F^s_2 where F_2 is the finite field with two elements. We also give a condition of the existence for cyclic codes of odd length containing its dual over the ring F_2 [u] / (u^s ) . By taking advantage of this Gray map and the structure of the ring, we obtain two classes of binary quantum error correcting (QEC) codes and we finally illustrate our results by presenting some examples with good parameters.
Security analysis of Quantum-Readout PUFs in the case of challenge-estimation attacks
Authors: Skoric Boris
Published: February 2021

Quantum Readout (QR) of Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) is a new technique for remotely authenticating objects, which has recently been demonstrated experimentally. The security is based on basic quantum information theoretic principles and holds under the assumption that the adversary cannot clone or physically emulate PUFs. We analyse the security of QR under a class of attacks called ‘digital emulation’, in which the adversary first performs state estimation on the challenge and then bases his response on this estimate. We make use of a result by Bruß and Macchiavello to derive an upper bound on the adversary’s success probability as a function of the Hilbert space dimension K and the photon number n. We prove that QR is unconditionally secure against digital emulation attacks when the challenges are Fock states. For non-Fock-states we provide a security proof under the condition that the attacker’s measurements commute with the particle number operator.
Natural information measures for contextual probabilistic models
Authors: Holik Federico , Plastino Angel , Saenz Manuel
Published: February 2021

In this article we provide, from a novel perspective, arguments that support the idea that, in the wake of Cox’ approach to probability theory, von Neumann’s entropy should be the natural one in Quantum Mechanics. We also generalize the pertinent reasoning to more general orthomodular lattices, which reveals the structure of a general non-Boolean information theory.
Renyi and Tsallis formulations of noise-disturbance trade-off relations
Authors: Rastegin Alexey E.
Published: February 2021

We address an information-theoretic approach to noise and disturbance in quantum measurements. Properties of corresponding probability distributions are characterized by means of both the R´enyi and Tsallis entropies. Related information-theoretic measures of noise and disturbance are introduced. These definitions are based on the concept of conditional entropy. To motivate introduced measures, some important properties of the conditional R´enyi and Tsallis entropies are discussed. There exist several formulations of entropic uncertainty relations for a pair of observables. Trade-off relations for noise and disturbance are derived on the base of known formulations of such a kind.
Realizing an N-two-qubit quantum logic gate in a cavity QED with nearest qubit--qubit interaction
Authors: Said Taoufik , Chouikh Abdelhaq , Essammouni Karima , Bennai Mohamed
Published: February 2021

We propose an effective way for realizing a three quantum logic gates (NTCP gate, NTCP-NOT gate and NTQ-NOT gate) of one qubit simultaneously controlling N target qubits based on the qubit-qubit interaction. We use the superconducting qubits in a cavity QED driven by a strong microwave field. In our scheme, the operation time of these gates is independent of the number N of qubits involved in the gate operation. These gates are insensitive to the initial state of the cavity QED and can be used to produce an analogous CNOT gate simultaneously acting on N qubits. The quantum phase gate can be realized in a time (nanosecond-scale) much smaller than decoherence time and dephasing time (microsecond-scale) in cavity QED. Numerical simulation under the influence of the gate operations shows that the scheme could be achieved efficiently within current state-of-the-art technology.
TRANSFORMATION OF THE ETHNO-DEMOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE OF THE POPULATION OF THE EU COUNTRIES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF IMMIGRATION: FEATURE OF GERMANY AND AUSTRIA
Authors:   MGIMO University, Ryazantsev Sergey V. ,   Institute for Demographic Research FCTAS RAS, Khramova Marina N. ,   MGIMO University,   Institute for Demographic Research FCTAS RAS, Skoblina Elena V. ,   MGIMO University
Published: February 2021

The article covers such issues as the impact of international migration on the ethno-demographic and socio-political situation in the EU countries in general and the particular cases of Germany and Austria. A special attention in the analysis has been paid to the peculiarities of immigration from countries with a predominantly Muslim population. Nowadays it can be stated with certainty that international migration is the only source of the population growth in most of the countries of the European Union. Amid low birth rates which do not even provide a simple reproduction of the population and aging processes, international migration has made it possible to provide a stable population growth in Germany, France, UK, Sweden, the Netherlands, Austria and some other EU countries. The analysis of the structure of migration flows gives an opportunity to conclude that in the last decade the main donors for the EU countries were countries with a predominantly Muslim population. In particular, these countries are characterized by a large number of children. Therefore, subject to sufficiently high rates of immigration, in the short and medium term, this may serve as a reserve for the demographic development of host countries. However, it is necessary to take into account the existing objective differences in the ethno-demographic structure of migrants and the local population, the national customs which are common for the countries of origin, the level of education, and a number of other characteristics. This requires European countries to transform approaches to the implementation of migration policy and develop new methods and mechanisms for the adaptation and integration of migrants from Muslim countries.
CROSS-CULTURAL APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF STUDENT VALUE ORIENTATIONS IN A TRANSSITIVE ENVIRONMENT
Authors:   Zabaikalsky State University, Erdyneeva Klavdiya G.
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the study and comparative analysis of value priorities of Russian and Mongolian students in conditions of transitability. Conducted on the basis of cross-cultural approach the research allowed to reveal common goals, motivation and values of students of the Russian Federation (on the example of Transbaikalia) and Mongolia that reflects unity of human community. The study involved 187 students (including 87 Mongolian and 100 Russian students) studying in different courses of higher education institutions. The average age of the subjects is 20.5 years. To diagnose the specificity of values and meaningful orientations of Mongolian and Russian students, the test of meaningful orientations and "Values Questionnaire" by Schwartz were used. The analysis of results of descriptive statistics allowed to find out similarity in hierarchy of value orientations of the Russian and Mongolian students. Despite the transitory nature of society, most students believe that they are able to build their lives in accordance with their goals and ideas about its meaning. The values of achieving personal success, security and stability of the society, and independence are recognized as priorities. Similarity in value hierarchies among Russian and Mongolian students is observed in the meaning of values "national security", "world peace", "family security", "meaning of life". At the same time, distinctions in value hierarchies are revealed: the first place in importance among Russian students is occupied by values "social order", and among Mongolian students — "social justice". The similarity of meaningful orientations and value priorities is explained by the peculiarities of economic development of border regions of Russia and Mongolia. In addition, the globalizing world has resulted in the complex interaction of civilizations, mutual exchange and integration of values.
MOBILITY PRACTICES OF RESIDENTS OF THE REGIONAL CENTER AS THE BASIS OF TRANSPORT POLICY IN THE REGION
Authors:   Kemerovo State University, Kranzeeva Elena A. , Golovatsky Evgeny V. ,   Kemerovo State University, Orlova Anna V. ,   Kemerovo State University
Published: February 2021

The authors offer a characterization of transport mobility practices of residents of a modern Russian city of regional significance. The article uses the results of a study of transport and passenger mobility conducted on a regional scale of the Kuzbass and the municipal district. The authors note the difference in the mobility practices of residents, related to the saturation of the transport infrastructure, the goals and resources of the participants, and temporality. Researchers point to the emergence of new mobility techniques for residents of the region and certain social groups. The basis of the planning of social transport policy is the possibility of operational modeling of practices and techniques of transport mobility. Elements of such a policy are social and technical security, the content and quality of transport infrastructure, social protection measures for all participants in transport mobility, the adequacy of transport services to the needs and requirements of residents, etc.