bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
International legal regulation of states cooperation in the sphere of prevention and limitation of emergency situations in the Arctic region
Authors: Gavrilenko Vladimir A. , Nemchenko Stanislav B.
Published: July 2024

The specialized international legal acts regulating the issues of prevention and liquidation of emergency sit-uations in the Arctic region are considered. The study of the above-mentioned legal acts in the international co-operation field indicates the readiness of the Arctic states, parties to relevant international treaties, to jointly con-front emergencies and their consequences, regardless of geopolitical and other interests. Normative documents and treaties adopted at the international level set the direction for improving the national legislation of the Arctic states. In this context, all Arctic States have developed their own strategies for the development, use and protec-tion of their Arctic territories. The ongoing changes in international politics necessitate the regulation of the Arc-tic through new international legal instruments. Scientifically based proposals have been formulated to improve the legal regulation of international cooperation in the emergency prevention and response field in the Arctic on the development and adoption of a new international Convention in the emergency prevention and response field in the Arctic region. The main characteristics and features that the proposed convention must comply with in or-der to effectively regulate these issues are also indicated. A logical algorithm for the development and coordina-tion of the above-mentioned new international Convention is proposed, taking into account the mutual interests of the Arctic states.
Análise das funções de palavras-chaves atribuídas por autores em publicações científicas de eventos e periódicos
Authors: Fujita Mariângela Spotti Lopes
Published: July 2024

Introdução: O autor, com seu conhecimento prévio sobre o assunto de seu artigo, pode ser considerado um indexador especialista de domínio quando atribui palavras-chaves de sua linguagem de domínio especializado que representam o conteúdo significativo em sistemas de submissão de periódicos, eventos e repositórios. Objetivo: O estudo sobre a indexação do autor científico como indexador teve objetivo de investigação sobre funções atribuídas às palavras-chaves em publicações científicas de eventos e periódicos de duas áreas de conhecimento, Ciência da Informação e Educação. Metodologia: Realizou-se pesquisa exploratória com trabalhos dos eventos ENANCIB (Ciência da Informação) e Reunião Nacional da ANPED (Educação) e com artigos de periódicos Qualis A1 e A2 da coleção SciELO de Ciência da Informação e de Educação. Foi aplicado método de anotação de funções das palavras-chaves e determinação da categoria, conforme contexto do resumo e do título. Resultados/Conclusão: As palavras-chaves mais frequentes são representadas pelas funções “Tópico de pesquisa” e “Objeto de pesquisa”, enquanto as menos frequentes, representadas pelas funções “Dados”, “Área de pesquisa”, “Outros” e “Método de pesquisa”. Conclusão: Conclui-se que as duas principais funções são “Objeto de pesquisa” e “Tópico de pesquisa”.
Historical overview of studies on acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children: what has been achieved and where we tend towards?
Authors: Barełkowska Monika
Published: July 2024

Jeszcze w latach osiemdziesiątych XX wieku ostra białaczka limfoblastyczna była chorobą śmiertelną, natomiast dziś udaje się wyleczyć znakomitą większość pacjentów pediatrycznych, u których ją rozpoznano. Nadal jednak zdarzają się przypadki, że wobec kolejnej wznowy lub choroby oporniej na leczenie, terapia obarczona jest niepowodzeniem. W jaki sposób udało się osiągnąć w tak krótkim czasie spektakularny wzrost wyleczalności ostrej białaczki limfoblastycznej? Które odkrycia okazały się przełomowe? Jakie kierunki badań wytyczyła współczesna wiedza o tej chorobie? Niniejsza praca to próba odpowiedzi na powyższe pytania i dowód, że prowadzone systematycznie badania kliniczne i współpraca lekarzy pozwala niekiedy osiągnąć nadspodziewanie duży sukces.
Progress on immuno-microenvironment and immune-related therapies in patients with pseudomyxoma peritonei
Authors: Zhao Qidi , Wei Tian , Ma Ru , Fu Yubin , Yang Rui , Su Yandong , Yu Yang , Li Bing , Li Yan
Published: July 2024

Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is an indolent malignant syndrome. The standard treatment for PMP is cytoreductive surgery plus intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy (CRS + HIPEC). However, the high recurrence rate and latent clinical symptoms and signs are major obstacles to further improving clinical outcomes. Moreover, patients in advanced stages receive little benefit from CRS + HIPEC due to widespread intraperitoneal metastases. Another challenge in PMP treatment involves the progressive sclerosis of PMP cell-secreted mucus, which is often increased due to activating mutations in the gene coding for guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha subunit (GNAS). Consequently, the development of other PMP therapies is urgently needed. Several immune-related therapies have shown promise, including the use of bacterium-derived non-specific immunogenic agents, radio-immunotherapeutic agents, and tumor cell-derived neoantigens, but a well-recognized immunotherapy has not been established. In this review the roles of GNAS mutations in the promotion of mucin secretion and disease development are discussed. In addition, the immunologic features of the PMP microenvironment and immune-associated treatments are discussed to summarize the current understanding of key features of the disease and to facilitate the development of immunotherapies.
Artificial Intelligence Portrayals in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Morcos Mary , Duggan Jessica , Young Jason , Lipa Shaina A.
Published: July 2024

Background:

The increasing accessibility of artificial intelligence (AI) text-to-image generators offers a novel avenue for exploring societal perceptions. The present study assessed AI-generated images to examine the representation of gender and racial diversity among orthopaedic surgeons.

Methods:

Five prominent text-to-image generators (DALL·E 2, Runway, Midjourney, ImagineAI, and JasperArt) were utilized to create images for the search queries “Orthopedic Surgeon,” “Orthopedic Surgeon’s Face,” and “Portrait of an Orthopedic Surgeon.” Each query produced 80 images, resulting in a total of 240 images per generator. Two independent reviewers categorized race, sex, and age in each image, with a third reviewer resolving discrepancies. Images with incomplete or multiple faces were excluded. The demographic proportions (sex, race, and age) of the AI-generated images were then compared with those of the 2018 American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) census.

Results:

In our examination across all AI platforms, 82.8% of the images depicted surgeons as White, 12.3% as Asian, 4.1% as Black, and 0.75% as other; 94.5% of images were men; and a majority (64.4%) appeared ≥50 years old. DALL·E 2 exhibited significantly increased diversity in representation of both women and non-White surgeons compared with the AAOS census, whereas Midjourney, Runway, and ImagineAI exhibited significantly decreased representation.

Conclusions:

The present study highlighted distortions in AI portrayal of orthopaedic surgeon diversity, influencing public perceptions and potentially reinforcing disparities. DALL·E 2 and JasperArt show encouraging diversity, but limitations persist in other generators. Future research should explore strategies for improving AI to promote a more inclusive and accurate representation of the evolving demographics of orthopaedic surgery, mitigating biases related to race and gender.

Clinical Relevance:

This study is clinically relevant as it investigates the accuracy of AI-generated images in depicting diversity among orthopaedic surgeons. The findings reveal significant discrepancies in representation by race and gender, which could impact societal perceptions and exacerbate existing disparities in health care.
Profil Pelajar Pancasila pada Anak Usia Dini sebagai Wujud Pendidikan Karakter
Authors: Hasni Uswatul , Simaremare Tohap Pandapotan , Taufika Ryan , Amanda Rizki Surya , Indryani Indryani , Yantoro Yantoro
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi bagaimana nilai-nilai Profil Pelajar Pancasila diterapkan dalam lingkungan pembelajaran Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini dan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penerapan Profil Pelajar Pancasila. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah guru dari empat sekolah Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini di kecamatan Telanaipura yang sedang menerapkan kurikulum merdeka. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi wawancara semi terstruktur dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan metode Miles dan Huberman, sementara validitas data diuji melalui validitas internal, eksternal, reliabilitas, dan obyektivitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa enam dimensi pada Profil Pelajar Pancasila secara umum telah diterapkan dalam proses pembelajaran. Namun, terdapat beberapa faktor penghambat seperti tahapan penyesuaian penerapan kurikulum merdeka di sekolah yang masih berlangsung, serta perlunya penyesuaian pemahaman guru terhadap proyek pelajar Pancasila ini. Di sisi lain, terdapat dukungan dari sejumlah sekolah penggerak dalam Ikatan Guru Taman Kanak-kanak Indonesia dan Himpunan Pendidik dan Tenaga Kependidikan Anak Usia Dini Indonesia yang membantu sekolah untuk mengimplementasikan proyek pelajar Pancasila. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar untuk mengembangkan materi ajar yang lebih baik pada penelitian selanjutnya, khususnya dalam konteks penerapan nilai-nilai Pancasila dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini.
Indirect Tensile Strength Test on Heterogeneous Rock Using Square Plate Sample with a Circular Hole
Authors: Liu Xingzong , Gong Bin , Song Kezhi , Liu Hao
Published: July 2024

An indirect testing method for determining the tensile strength of rock-like heterogeneous materials is proposed. The realistic failure process analysis method, which can consider material inhomogeneity, is applied to model the failure process of the square plate containing a circular hole under uniaxial compression. The influence of plate thickness and applied loads on the maximum tensile stress is investigated, and the tensile strength equation is deduced. Meanwhile, the initial cracking loads are obtained by the corresponding physical tests, and the tensile strengths are determined by substituting the initial cracking loads into the developed tensile strength equation. The values predicted by the newly proposed method are almost identical to those of the direct tensile tests. Furthermore, the proposed method can give the relatively small tensile strength error with the direct tensile test in comparison to the other test methods, which indicates that the proposed method is effective and valid for determining the tensile strength of rock-like heterogeneous materials.
Some Remarks on the Requirements for Scientific Theory in the Context of Many-worlds Models
Authors: Karpenko Ivan ,   HSE University, School of Philosophy and Cultural Studies
Published: July 2024

The article discusses the problem of a correct description of reality in science and philosophy, taking into account the acceptance of the many-world hypothe­sis. Many-worlds are understood as modern physical hypotheses that allow the existence of other universes (many-world interpretation, chaotic inflation, string landscape, and others). It is shown that these models are likely to chal­lenge the traditional intellectual intuition on which classical science is built: they require new methodological approaches, and perhaps a new epistemology in general. Some requirements of classical logic, based on principles such as the laws of non-contradiction or the excluded middle, may turn out to be incor­rect and even counterintuitive under many-world hypotheses. It is suggested that some logical systems (paraconsistent logic, quantum logic) may in the future be­come an ontological and epistemological foundation for the concepts of many-world physical reality. It is concluded that the considered multi-world models in conjunction with the indicated logics are more intuitively acceptable, since they allow getting rid of not only a number of cosmological problems (for exam­ple, fine tuning), but also problems of a logical and mathematical nature arising from the considered traditional requirements for formal systems.
Piama Pavlovna Gaidenko and the Traditions of Russian Philosophy. For the Anniversary
Authors: Pruzhinin Boris ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Shchedrina Tatiana , Shchedrina Irina ,   Institute of Social and Humanitarian Education, Moscow State Pedagogical University (MPGU),   HSE University
Published: July 2024

In January 2024, Russian philosophical community celebrated the 90th anniver­sary of the birth of the famous Russian philosopher, historian of philosophy and science, Piama Pavlovna Gaidenko (1934–2021). Iskra Stepanovna Andreeva used to call her “Russian Diotima”, and Erikh Yurievich Solovyev called her an “incomparable interlocutor”. She had an amazing ability to speak simply, clearly, and historically substantively about complex subjects. Her works won­derfully combined subject’s depth, rationality of argumentation, relevance of the studied problems and existential insight into them. Her epistemological style turns out to be strikingly consonant with the Russian tradition of “positive phi­losophy”, which is based on the idea of concreteness, the aspiration to achieve a “single, internally connected, holistic, and concrete knowledge of reality”, as formulated by Gustav Gustavovich Shpet. This tradition also includes the philo­sophical concepts of Pamfil Danilovich Yurkevich, Princes Sergey Nikolaevich and Evgeny Nikolaevich Trubetskoy, Lev Mikhailovich Lopatin, and many oth­ers. The continuity of Piama Pavlovna’s epistemological style with the Russian intellectual tradition is also evidenced in the letter of Russian philosopher and bibliographer Pavel Khristoforovich Kananov (1883–1967), addresed to her (a drift dated 1966 was recently discovered in his archive). We assume that “im­provised lucubrations in the midnight hour” written by an “existentialist before existentialism” will make us think once again about the specifics of existential philosophy in Russia. This text is published below.
Toolkit for Ethical Assessment of Representation of Nations in Digital Military Games
Authors: Zagirnyak Mikhail ,   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University
Published: July 2024

The current study presents a toolkit for ethical assessment of the representation of national traits in military digital games, which rests on two pillars: 1) meta­ethical – ontological definition of the status of digital game’s being; 2) socio-an­thropological – definition of the role of the nation in the realization of human freedom. The meta-ethical pillar makes it possible to determine the status of being of digital games and reveal whether they influence the player’s view of the world beyond the game. Johan Huizinga’s concept of the magic circle in conjunction with the concept of an intellectual system of world model formulated by Vladimir Bryshinkin allows us to consider military digital games as intellectual products that shape understandings of man and the world. The socio-anthropological pillar of the research is focused on the Kantian concept of freedom as the basis of the criterion for assessing the image of a nation in digital games. The history of hu­mankind from the perspective of Kantian practical philosophy is the history of free development, in which all individuals and all nations should be equal par­ticipants. The toolkit of ethical assessment of national traits represented in digital military games can serve as a reason for their developers to reconceptualize their own responsibility for the content of the published work.
Implementasi Fatwa MUI 08/DSN-MUI/X/2016 Pada Wisata Halal Pahlawan Religi Center Di Kota Madiun
Authors: Ega Aspara Putri  , Mansur Azis
Published: July 2024

Tourism in Indonesia has been increasing lately. Tourism development is currently becoming a trend in several countries country. It is the development of sharia tourism, often called halal tourism. Provisions for halal tourist destinations are stated in the Fatwa 08/DSN-MUI/X/2016 arrange about whole activity tourism sharia. The main objective of this research is to analyze the halal tourism of the Pahlawan Religi Center from the DSN-MUI perspective. The type of study done is qualitative research with a case study of the Pahlawan Religi Center (PRC). This qualitative descriptive research is a problem-solving procedure by describes the situation based on the facts that appear as they are. The collection technique data used is the interview. The results of this study can be concluded: 1) The Pahlawan Religi Center has complied with the requirements for halal tourist destinations according to the DSN-MUI. However, this tourism has not been optimally managed regarding food and drink that must be labelled halal. 2) The supporting factors and obstacles to halal tourism at the Hero of Religion Center, according to the DSN-MUI, are influenced by the enthusiastic community and government providing facilities. 3) According to the DSN-MUI, the impact caused by the Halal Tourism of the Pahlawan Religi Center has a positive impact because it benefits the community.
Analisis Ekonomi Politik Lembaga PJPH, LPH, Dan MUI Terhadap Kebijakan Kewajiban Sertifikasi Halal Di Indonesia
Authors: Dita Anjani  , Riyati Husnul Hotimah  , Saviola Oryza Sativa  , Dzulfa Fikriyyah Syifa  , Ahmad Iqbal Jaza
Published: July 2024

Introduction: The Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI), the Halal Product Guarantee Organizing Agency (BPJPH), and the Halal Inspection Institute (LPH) have been formed by the government through its ministries to ensure that the implementation of the Halal Product Guarantee runs smoothly since regulations related to this matter were issued in 2014 until it comes into effect in 2019. This research aims to provide a general overview of the political economic situation faced by BPJPH, LPH, and MUI organizations when implementing policies that require halal certification. Research Methods: This research data was collected from literature relevant to the research problem using qualitative methods and library research. Result: According to the findings of this study, halal product certification policies in Indonesia are still not ideal. Due to the lack of recognized Halal Inspection Institutions (LPH),effectiveness, equity and reach are still not adequately met. However, over time, the government has been quite effective in responding to requests for halal certificate subsidies and achieving its targets. The hope is that business actors can maximize the opportunity for free halal certification, before it becomes payable.
Investigating the Impact of Monolayer and Multilayer PVD Coatings on Cutting Tool Friction Factor
Authors: Paulian Kumaradhas , Manickam Vijayanand , Tharanipathy Venkatesan
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the paper is to examine the ZrSiN, monolayer TiN, and multilayer TiSiN PVD coatings' friction factors on tempered steel 45X (50 HRC) and steel 45 (180 HB). The tribological characteristics were studied using tribometer. The registered values of friction factor were transferred to the computer using an analog to digital converter. TiN coatings on both steel 45 (180 HB) and the tempered steel 45Х (50 HRC) shows an increase in friction factor. Friction factor of TiSiN coating at 70V and 150 V also increases with time. In case of ZrSiN, the friction factor remains constant for both the tool materials for deposition current of 150V.The results of the investigations provide useful information for applying ZrSiN PVD coating for the improvement of tool life of cutting tools. The paper contributes to better understanding of the friction properties of monolayer TiN, multilayer TiSiN, and ZrSiN PVD coatings deposited on steel 45 (180 HB) and the tempered steel 45Х (50 HRC).
Collaborative Adjustment of Wing-Tail Distance and Tail Attitude to Achieve Agile Maneuver Flight of Biomimetic Flapping Wing Robot
Authors: Xu Wenfu , Liu Guangze , Pan Erzhen , Sun Wei , Wang Shihua , Yan Lei
Published: July 2024

In nature, raptors exhibit remarkable hunting abilities through their adept use of rapid aerial maneuvers. The key to achieving such exceptional maneuverability lies in the dynamic adjustment of the distance between the center of gravity (COG) and aerodynamic center (AC) across a wide range. Drawing inspiration from this natural phenomenon, we have developed a biomimetic flapping-wing robot with agile flying capabilities. By coordinating adjustments in wing-tail distance and tail attitude, we can effectively manipulate the relative positioning of the robot's COG and AC, as well as modulate wing and tail moments generated with respect to COG, thereby influencing climbing and descending characteristics. This enhanced agility allows us to define and achieve 13 Dynamic Flying Primitives (DFPs), including ascend and pull-up, ascend and inverted flight, dive and inverted flight, among others. Furthermore, by combining different DFPs, we have successfully executed 9 typical maneuvers such as figure-of-eight somersaults, inverted flight maneuvers, large-angle dives followed by steeply climbs, etc., all for the first time on flapping-wing robots. Finally, outdoor flying tests have been conducted to validate that our biologically-inspired flapping-wing flying robot equipped with a self-adjustment strategy for wing-tail distance and tail attitude can achieve unprecedented levels of agile maneuverability.
Treatment of Disturbed Sleep in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: Study Protocol of a Fully Remote Clinical Trial
Authors: Walsh Christine M , Song Felicia , Coppola Quentin , Yack Leslie , Le Michael M , Javed Samirah , Pandher Natalie , Li Esther , Mayzel Olga , Heuer Hilary H , Koestler Mary , Miller Bruce L , Boxer M Adam L , Vandevrede MD Lawren , MD Lea T Grinberg , Neylan Thomas C
Published: July 2024

Background Prior research identified profound sleep disruption in PSP. The hypothalamic and brainstem, areas that help regulate the sleep/wake patterns, are among regions earliest effected. Comparing polysomnography and quantitative-neuropathology metrics, we identified relative sparing of wake promoting nuclei in PSP compared to Alzheimer’s disease, though PSP had more disrupted sleep. It led to the hypothesis that PSP patients have hyperinsomina due to degeneration of sleep nuclei with a preservation of sleep neurons, causing a system unbalance. Higher neuronal count of wake-promoting nuclei was associated with greater nocturnal wake, regardless of disease. Specifically, orexinergic wake-promoting neurons in the lateral hypothalamus, previously described as the sleep-on/off switch, are relatively spared in PSP. Thus, we hypothesized that an orexinergic antagonist may be more effective in treating sleep/wake issues in PSP than other hypnotic medications. This study tests the safety and efficacy of an orexinergic antagonist (suvorexant) targeting the wake-promoting system and contrasts it to a GABAergic receptor agonist (zolpidem) targeting sleep-promoting systems.Methods This is a remote clinical trial, designed as a double-blind, cross-over, within-subject 6-week trial, with 3 one-week long conditions, separated by 1 week washout periods. The order of the 3 regiments is randomized and counterbalanced: placebo (microcrystalline cellulose), 15mg suvorexant, 5mg zolpidem. Participants are recruited from doctor and study referrals, registries, and support groups. Once onboarded, the trial-coordinator maintains communication with the participant/caregiver throughout the 6 weeks. Assessments include neurological interviews, cognitive testing, and subjective questionnaire packets. Sleep and circadian rhythm are assessed through ambulatory EEG and actigraphy monitoring devices worn by the participant throughout the trial.Discussion The study design aims to reduce burden and improve accessibility. Administering a remote clinical trial for a rare disease, however, creates unique issues that would otherwise be absent from in-person studies. Particularly, a symptom rather than disease-modifying trial is challenging to recruit for when potential disease-modifying therapeutics are available. Needing to coordinate with non-associated medical offices to attain medical records or prescriptions can cause frustrations for the potential participant, medical office, and study team. In recruitment, onboarding, and trial maintenance, this study design relies on consistent communication to support participant enrollment and satisfaction.Trial Registration “Treatment of Disturbed Sleep in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP)”; NCT04014389
Influence of Admission Categories, Programme, Race and Residence Status on MBBCh and BHSc Student Performance: Academic performance of 2021 Students in Physiology module
Authors: Chivandi Eliton , Pritchard Lynne , Mabizela Sfiso
Published: July 2024

The course Medical Physiology and Biochemistry (PHSL 2004A) constitutes a mandatory component of the second-year curriculum for students enrolled in the Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBCh) and Bachelor of Health Science (BHSc) programmes within the Faculty of Health Sciences at the University of the Witwatersrand. Throughout the pre-COVID-19 pandemic period spanning from 2013 to 2020, the pass rates of students in the PHSL 2004A course have consistently evoked no apprehension or noteworthy concern within the purview of the School of Physiology. However, a marked drop was observed in students’ pass rates in the 2020 cohort that sat the course’s assessments in 2021. Our study determined if students’ programme affiliation, residence status (on-campus or off-campus), admission category, and race affected PHSL 2004A pass rates in 2021. Data from 380 students (218 MBBCh; 162 BHSc) in the 2020 cohort was analysed. An independent sample t-test showed that MBBCh programme students (M = 60.76, SD = 17.21) had higher mean score of 12.70, 95% CI [9.404, 15.990] than BHSc counterparts (M = 47.98, SD = 14.34), 95% CI [9.490, 15.902], t (374), = 7.58, p = < .001, two-tailed, d = .79; demonstrating greater performance. Chi-square test of association showed that students’ residential status did not impact students’ pass rate (χ2 = 2.111, df = 1, N = 376, p < 0.146) albeit 72% of off-campus compared to 65% on-campus students passed the course. Admission category significantly impacted performance: MBBCh and BHSc students admitted in the top 40 category had high mean scores compared to counterparts in admitted in the top rural category and top BC category, respectively. The performance of students in PHSL 2004A was influenced by factors such as programmes affiliation and admission category, whereas residential status did not exhibit a significant impact on academic achievement in the course. However, it is deduced that beyond the influence of admission category and programme affiliation, the transition from conventional face-to-face pedagogical methods to virtual online modalities due to the exigencies of the COVID-19 pandemic may have adversely affected student performance. This negative impact is likely attributable to insufficient readiness and preparation among both learners and educators for the novel instructional approach.
Significant Winter Atlantic Niño effect on ENSO and its future projection
Authors: Park Jae-Heung , Yang Young-Min , Ham Yoo-Geun , Jo Hyun-Su , Park Hyo-Jin , Park So-Eun , Liu Chao , Mandal Gagan , An Soon-Il , Kug Jong-Seong
Published: July 2024

The Atlantic Niño, a primary climatic variability mode in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean, exhibits pronounced variability not only in boreal summer but also in winter. However, the role of Winter Atlantic Niño in trans-basin interactions remains underexplored compared to its summer counterpart. Through analysis of observational reanalysis data since the mid-twentieth century, here we found that Winter Atlantic Niño significantly influences the development of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), surpassing the impact of Summer Atlantic Niño with a longer lead time. This effect was reasonably captured in the historical simulation from the CMIP6, from a multi-model ensemble perspective. Further analysis with the global warming scenario projects that the influence of Winter Atlantic Niño on ENSO will persist into the future, contrasting with a reduced impact of Summer Atlantic Niño. Therefore, these findings underscore the importance of further investigating Winter Atlantic Niño for a comprehensive understanding of trans-basin interactions and their future change.
Conceptual Framework for the health and well-being of caregivers of HIV/AIDS orphans in North West Province, South Africa
Authors: Molato Boitumelo Joy , Moloko-Phiri Salaminah , Koen Magdalena , Matsipane Molekodi
Published: July 2024

Background
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are an epidemic that continues to increase the burden of care among caregivers of orphaned children. Previous research has shown that providing care in an unsuitable environment has an impact on the health and well-being of caregivers of HIV/AIDS orphans. The research also showed that the North West Province lacks a conceptual framework that addresses the health and well-being of caregivers caring for HIV/AIDS orphans. As a result, this study developed a conceptual framework to improve the health and well-being of caregivers of HIV/AIDS orphans in the north-west province, South Africa.
Methods
A descriptive and contextual design was used. The practice-orientated theory by Dickoff, James, and Wiedenbach guided the development of the conceptual framework. These six steps include the agent, recipient, context, procedure, dynamics, and terminus.
Results
The study findings include home visits, health education, support during disclosure, routine monitoring of blood and growth, mobilisation of support systems and resources, and utilisation of government services.
Conclusion
The conceptual framework offers data that can help OTLs and registered nurses in PHC facilities improve the health and well-being of caregivers of HIV/AIDS orphans by providing high-quality care. The framework guides OTLs and registered nurses in PHC institutions on the procedure to follow to improve and preserve the optimal state of health.
Understanding the motivators and barriers to sharing participant-level data and samples: A cross-sectional study with acute febrile illness cohort teams
Authors: Shreedhar Priya , Jaenisch Thomas , Naccache Mirna , Maxwell Lauren
Published: July 2024

Background
Sharing de-identified, participant-level clinical-epidemiological data, human biological samples, and human genetic data facilitates understanding diseases and the development of prevention strategies, diagnostics, and treatments. While there are increasing calls to share participant-level data and samples both during and outside the public health response to epidemics, several barriers remain.
Methods
We administered a cross-sectional, online survey to research teams that manage acute febrile illness (AFI) cohorts. We included questions on the researchers’ best and worst experiences, motivators, benefits, and barriers to sharing de-identified participant-level clin-epi data, human biological samples, and human genetic data during and outside epidemics. Using the political, ethical, administrative, regulatory, and legal (PEARL) framework, we classified the best and worst sharing experiences and employed the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to compare barriers between epidemic and non-epidemic settings.
Results
We received 78 responses to the survey from cohort study teams in 23 countries. Most respondents were cohort PIs, over 45, and advanced in their careers. Most cohorts were based in South America or Central America, focused on multiple pathogens, and collected and shared multiple data types and samples. Scientific collaborations with researchers outside their country were the most commonly reported best data or sample-sharing experience. Lack of benefit sharing was the most commonly reported worst sharing experience. Benefits and barriers to sharing did not vary significantly by data type or whether sharing happened during or outside of pandemics, except for regulatory barriers to sharing human biological samples which were significantly more important in epidemic than in non-epidemic settings.
Conclusions
The study highlights the need for stakeholders to improve data and sample-sharing practices for AFI researchers in LMICs, emphasising ethical considerations, benefit sharing, and streamlined administrative processes in both epidemic and non-epidemic settings.
Analysis of the Relationship between Medical Achievement Self-Efficacy Perception and Impostor Phenomenon in the Postgraduate Education Process: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: BATUR Ali , ARSLAN Volkan , TURAN Sevgi
Published: July 2024

Background
This study aimed to assess the correlation between the impostor phenomenon and the level of academic self-efficacy. Based on the acquired findings, it is possible to take supportive and preventive measures.
Methods
This descriptive study was carried out at the xxx University Faculty of Medicine. A total of 1133 residents were invited to participate in the study. The data were collected by using Google Forms. The response rate was 23.04% (n = 261).
Results
The age and sex of the participants did not significantly correlate with the Medical Achievement Self-Efficacy Scale (MASS) or Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS) scores. The participants were divided into five groups at 12-month intervals according to the time at which the study was completed in the Department of Medicine. The median CIPS score of the 0–12 month group was 62 (Q1:53, Q3:70), and the median MASS score was 55 (Q1:44, Q3:67). A significant correlation was found between the time spent in the department and the CIPS score and the MASS score (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant negative relationship between the CIPS score and the independent variable (standardized B= -0.668, p < 0.001).
Conclusions
To improve the self-efficacy of residents, it is advisable to implement support and mentoring initiatives, especially starting from the initial year of residency. Academic self-efficacy can be enhanced by identifying groups with high levels of impostor syndrome and offering them the required support.
The Protective Role of Childhood Friendship on the Effects of Parental Depressive Symptoms and Adult Depressive Symptoms among People with Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Yin Ruoyun , Cai Hongxia , Xiong Huan , Yang Xiujuan
Published: July 2024

Introduction:
Individuals whose parents had depressive symptoms in childhood are more likely to develop depressive symptoms in adulthood than the general population. Few studies have explored the association between the above two in patients with cardiovascular disease(CVD). In addition, it is not clear whether childhood friendship plays an intermediary role between childhood parents' depressive symptoms and adult depressive symptoms.
Methods
In our study, we selected people suffering from CVD who participated in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) life history survey and 2018 wave of CHARLS national baseline survey. We made statistical analysis on the assumption that childhood friendship was the mediator between childhood parental depression and adult depressive symptoms. Multi-level logistic regression analysis and Sobel Goodman mediation test were used to measure the association between childhood parental depression, childhood friendship and adult depressive symptoms.
Results
A total of 5565 participants were included in our study. The proportion of people with CVD having significant depressive symptoms accounted for 43.94%, which was higher than that of total population in the same period(36.62%, p<0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that childhood parental depressive symptoms increased the risk of adult depressive symptoms(Model 3, OR: 1.621, 95%CI: 1.387–1.895). In contrast, childhood friendship was a protective factor for adult depressive symptoms (Model 3, OR: 0.788, 95%CI: 0.685–0.906), and played an intermediary role between childhood parental depressive symptoms and adult depressive symptoms. Through the Sobel-Goodman test, we found that the mediating effect of childhood friendship between the other two accounted for 6.14% of the total effect (p < 0.001).
Conclusions
In middle-aged and elderly Chinese with CVD, childhood friendship is a protective factor of adult depressive symptoms, and it is the mediator between childhood parental depression and adult depressive symptoms.
The role of fluids in earthquake swarms in northeastern Noto Peninsula, central Japan: Insights from source mechanisms
Authors: Takano Sayaka , Hiramatsu Yoshihiro , Yukutake Yohei
Published: July 2024

A prolonged earthquake swarm has persisted since June 2018 in northeastern Noto Peninsula (central Japan), with activity focused into distinct southern, western, northern, and eastern clusters. To explore the role of fluids in the occurrence of this swarm, we analyzed the focal mechanisms of the earthquakes occurring from 1 January 2018 to 30 November 2022 and performed stress tensor inversions. The western, northern, and eastern clusters were dominated by a reverse fault-type mechanism with a horizontal P-axis oriented NW–SE. One of the nodal planes of those mechanisms aligns closely with the precisely relocated hypocenter distribution. The stress fields in these three clusters, as determined by stress tensor inversion, have maximum principal stresses oriented horizontally in the NW–SE direction and minimum principal stressesoriented vertically, aligning with the regional stress field. From these focal mechanisms and this stress field, we derived small misfit angles and large slip tendencies. These findings suggest that, in these three clusters, fluids diffused into faults largely aligned with the regional stress field, resulting in earthquakes with compatible focal mechanisms. Conversely, normal and lateral fault-type focal mechanisms, which are unfavorable to the regional stress field, dominated in the southern cluster. The estimated stress fields, deviating from the regional stress field, have maximum principal stressescloser to vertical and minimum principal stress oriented horizontally in the ENE–WSW direction. Misfit angles for earthquakes deeper than 15 km in the southern cluster are smaller for the local stress field than for the regional stress field, but the slip tendency is generally small for most earthquakes. These results suggest that earthquakes in the southern cluster, especially those deeper than 15 km, occurred on misoriented fault planes due to elevated pore fluid pressures. These findings provide strong evidence of the ascent of high-pore-pressure fluids from depth in the southern cluster and their subsequent diffusion into a southeast-dipping fault zone.
Integrative analysis of senescence-related genes in endothelial cells of Cerebral Ischemic Stroke patients
Authors: Li Biao , Li Shuai , Jing Yantao , Li Yue , Ma Longhui , Liang Qian
Published: July 2024

Growing evidence points that aging is a predominant risk factor for Cerebral Ischemic Stroke (CIS), caused by endothelial cells dysfunction and senescence. Our research was aimed to explore potential vital cellar senescence-related differentially expressed genes (CSRDEGs) as diagnostic biomarkers for CIS by bioinformatic analysis. We acquired 8058 DRGs from the combined dataset(GSE22255 and GSE58294, and filtered 377 CSRGs from the GeneCards database and existing literature. 147 CSRDEGs were chosen from intersecting DRGs and CSRGs, and 15 core genes were obtained via LASSO regression and SVM analysis combined, consisting of 4 senescence inhibitor genes and 10 senescence promoter genes. There were 6 CSRDEGs expression levels (EWSR1, HJURP, SMARCA4, GKN1, MAP2K6, NEK1) could distinguish the high or low CSs. Association between 15 core genes and immune cell infiltration revealed that BLK positively correlated with naive B cells, while KAT5 inversely correlated with memory quiescent CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, through constructed a Logistic regression model and identified the model efficacity by various methods. Which suggested that 3 model genes (CSNK2A1, HJURP, MAP2K6) had a great diagnostic efficacy in CIS patients. AUC of ROC was 0.876 (95%CI 0.815–0.937). Finally, we found 23 miRNA molecules and 64 transcription factors (TFs) associated with 3 model genes. In summary, CSNK2A1, HJURP, MAP2K6 have potential opportunity to be as diagnostic markers of CIS at early stage.
Forensic Radiometric Assessment of Cattle Organs and Chicken Giblets and Estimation of their Radiological Health Risk on Man
Authors: Agbalagba Ezekiel O. , Agbalagba Hannah O. , Egarievwe Stephen
Published: July 2024

The activity concentrations of natural radionuclides in twelve organs of cows and six chicken giblets samples from different locations of Delta region of Nigeria were studied using a 7.6 cm x 7.6 cm Na (TI) detector. Average activity concentrations of 727.09, 86.57 and 16.58 Bqkg–1 in cattle organs and 309.45, 57.71 and 9.02 Bqkg–1 in chicken parts were obtained for 40K, 226Ra and 232Th respectively. The highest activity concentration of 226Ra and 232Th in cattle was obtained in the rumen and heart respectively, while in chicken both were gotten in the gizzard. Radiological risk parameters of internal hazard index, absorb dose rate, annual effective dose, total annual effective ingestion dose and lifetime cancer risk resulting from consumption of cattle organs and chicken giblets were estimated for adult population based on the available data on consumption rate of samples. The mean values obtained are 0.68, 79.44 \(\eta Gy {h}^{-1}\), 48.71 µSvy–1, 107.50 µSvy–1 and 376.25\(x{10}^{-6}\) for cattle organs and are 0.41, 43.87 \(\eta Gy {h}^{-1}\), 26.90 µSvy–1, 57.98µSvy–1 and 202.93\(x{10}^{-6}\)for chicken giblets respectively. While the mean absorbed dose rate was slightly higher than world average, all other four radiological risk parameters values are below and within the recommended world permissible level for the adults. These results shows that there is no considerable radiological threat to public health from the consumption of cattle organs and chicken giblets in the Delta region of Nigeria. Thus, the cattle organs and chicken parts examined are radiologically safe for consumption.
Developing a palaeoceanographic proxy based on the dimensions of Adercotryma glomeratum populations: a case study in Drake Passage region (Antarctic Peninsula)
Authors: PASSOS Camila Cunha , MARTINS Maria Virginia ALVES , Duleba Wânia
Published: July 2024

The Drake Passage is a highly hydrodynamic region that is difficult to navigate due to adverse weather conditions and intense surface currents. This study investigates how the bottom hydrodynamic regime influences the size of foraminiferal tests on the Antarctic Peninsula. For this, the species Adercotryma glomeratum (an agglutinated species of foraminifera) was chosen, as it was the only species abundant in the seven selected stations. Five stations (EB-1 to EB-5) are located in a region with a depth of ~ 480 m and two in a deep area of ~ 3,800 m (DK-1 and DK-2). All the tests were individually measured along their long axis and classified according to size. The most frequently recorded size range of A. glomeratum varied between ≈ 90–180 µm. The average test size and standard deviation were lower at stations EB-1 to EB-5, with coarser-grained sediments. The cluster analysis based on grain size, morphometric data of A. glomeratum, and depth shows that the largest sizes of this species tend to occur in fine-grained sediments at stations DK-1 and DK-2. The fine-grained sediments at stations DK-1 and DK-2 indicate the presence of calmer bottom conditions. These results suggest that in deep-sea environments, the stable areas, under calmer hydrodynamic conditions, enable longer life cycles of living foraminifera and the development of populations with bigger individuals, namely of A. glomeratum. The data obtained in this work suggest that the size of A. glomeratum populations can be used as an indicator of the stability/instability of the environment. Thus, the size of the individuals that make up the populations of A. glomeratum, and probably other foraminiferal species, can be used in paleoenvironmental reconstructions as a trace of disturbances or environmental stability in deep-sea settings, such as that of the Southern Ocean.
Cost Savings of Home Parenteral Nutrition Compared to Hospital Parenteral Nutrition: A Multicentre Prospective Analysis
Authors: Martinuzzi Andres , Crivelli Adriana , Flores Agustin , Manrique Ezequiel , Pochettino Fabricio , Muñiz Hector Solar , Billinger Maria Cristina , Garrido Veronica , Cascaron Maria Fernanda , Capurro Gabriela , Gonzalez Victoria , Dietrich Ailen , Foursova Daria , Carello Antonio , Aviles Omar , Dieguez Natalia , Gondolesi Gabriel
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
Parenteral nutrition (PN) is a safe and effective type of nutrition support. Several publications demonstrate the impact of Home Parenteral Nutrition (HPN) reducing health care costs. The question is, are HPN practices in Latin America also cost saving when compared with hospital PN? This study aimed to compare the direct costs of healthcare and non-healthcare of HPN to Hospital PN costs in Argentina through a prospective, analytical, and longitudinal, multicentre non-interventional study.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Adult Patients with PN were included and followed during the last week of Hospital PN (Week − 1 before discharge), through the first week of HPN (Week + 1), and until the first month of HPN (Month + 1). Clinical, nutritional, and cost variables were recorded. Continuous variables (mean ± SD or median Q1–Q3), were tested whit T-tests or Wilcoxon signed rank test. Categorical (frequencies and percentages) were tested with the McNemar test. The total direct cost (Total Direct healthcare cost + Total Direct non-healthcare cost) from Hospital PN Week − 1 was compared with HPN Week + 1. Additionally, HPN Month + 1 was compared with an estimate of the total costs of Hospital PN Month − 1. A difference was considered significant with a two-sided p-value < 0.05. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM-SPSS 26.
RESULTS
Forty-four patients met the inclusion/exclusion criteria and were included for analysis. Comparing HPN Week + 1 vs Hospital PN Week − 1. HPN was associated with lower total direct healthcare costs (HPN U$S 2.863,1+/-633,1 vs Hospital PN U$S 4.361,2+/-743,1. P < 0,001 Mean Difference U$S − 1.498,1 CI 95% -1.203,2 : -1.789,9). Lastly, the total direct cost (healthcare and non-healthcare) was lower in the HPN setting vs. the Hospital setting for 1 week (U$S 2.987,4+/-639 vs. 4439,8+/-761,5 P < 0.001 Mean Difference U$S -1.452,0 CI 95% -1.756,28 : -1.148,4). The cost reduction of HPN for 1 week was 32% (20.3% − 42.8%) and for 1 month was 36% (27.5% − 48.5%).
CONCLUSIONS:
HPN is cost saving compared to Hospital PN. The major cause of this cost reduction is mostly related to direct Healthcare costs.