bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CpG islands: Features and distribution in the genomes of porcine parvovirus
Authors: Xu M.-S. , Zhou Z.-K. , Xiong R.-Y. , Zhang L.-B. , Yu C.-Q. , Liu Q.
Published: September 2024

Porcine parvovirus disease is a reproductive disorder caused by the porcine parvovirus (PPV) in sows and is characterised by miscarriage, stillbirth and mummification in pregnant sows. Porcine parvovirus disease poses a significant threat to pork herds and seriously hinders healthy and sustainable development of the pig farming industry. Currently, there is no effective treatment for porcine parvovirus disease except for prevention and control measures. Based on genotype differences, PPV can be classified into at least eight subtypes, PPV1-PPV8. Epigenetic mechanisms, particularly cytosine methylation of cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) dinucleotides, are proven to have a significant impact on the life cycle of various viruses. Therefore, we selected the PPV genome as the research object and analysed the number, distribution and length of CpG islands in the genome of strains PPV1-PPV8. PPV1-6 had AT rich genomes (GC content ≤50%), whereas PPV7 had a GC content >50%. PPV1, PPV4, PPV5 and PPV6 contained fewer CpG islands (1-5), PPV7 contained moderate CpG islands (6-11) and PPV2 and PPV3 contained more CpG islands (12-16). This study provides a foundation for exploring novel antiviral treatment strategies from an epigenetic perspective.
Tranexamic acid stops hyperfibrinolysis in dogs with hemorrhagic shock: a randomized, controlled clinical trial
Authors: Mays Erin Long , Hansen Bernie , Culbreth Laura , Hanel Rita , Majoy Sean , Rozanski Elizabeth , DeLaforcade Armelle
Published: September 2024

OBJECTIVE

To determine the effect of tranexamic acid (TXA) on clot hyperfibrinolysis (HF), defined as excessive clot lysis at 30 minutes (LY30%), with rapid thromboelastography (rTEG) or rTEG samples spiked with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA-stressed rTEG), in dogs with hemorrhagic shock.

METHODS

Prospective blinded clinical trial at 2 teaching hospitals, March 16, 2018, to May 20, 2022. Twenty-five dogs with hemorrhagic shock and HF were treated with standard care plus either TXA (20 mg/kg; TXA group) or saline (SAL group) over 20 minutes followed by an infusion of the same dose over 8 hours. Rapid TEG and tPA-stressed rTEG assays were performed immediately before study drug administration and at 8, 12, and 24 hours afterwards (T0, T8, T12, and T24, respectively).

RESULTS

4 dogs died or were euthanized before the end of the study period due to disease/injury severity. All survivors had normal rTEG LY30% values after T0; the value for 1 nonsurvivor increased at T8. The tPA-stressed LY30% normalized in all TXA (n = 14) and 8 of 11 SAL dogs at T8; TXA dogs had lower median tPA-stressed rTEG LY30% values at T8 and T12 than SAL dogs (P = .001 and .02, respectively). There was no treatment effect on blood product administration or survival, and no adverse effects were attributed to TXA administration.

CONCLUSIONS

Resuscitation with or without TXA reduced HF identified by tPA-stressed rTEG. Hyperfibrinolysis was completely suppressed at the conclusion of the 8-hour TXA infusion.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Although TXA treatment stopped HF, there was no effect on survival or transfusion requirements.
Serious surgical complications of canine cryptorchid castration are associated with surgical approach: a case-control study of 202 dogs
Authors: Faulkner Emma B. , Kimmerlein Anne , Morrison JoAnn , Beal Tricia , Kerl Marie , Saito Emi K.
Published: September 2024

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to compare a cohort of dogs with serious or life-threatening complications following cryptorchid castration to dogs without complications to identify potential contributing factors to the development of these complications.

METHODS

Dogs that had a cryptorchid castration between 2018 and 2022 in 2 hospital networks were retrospectively reviewed in a case-control manner for reported complications. Inclusion criteria for cases and controls consisted of dogs with documented surgical procedures to address a retained testicle within the abdomen and an in-person follow-up visit at least 2 weeks postoperatively. Exclusion criteria consisted of felines, procedures limited to inguinal cryptorchid castrations, if the retained testicle had undergone malignant transformation, and medical records lacking essential patient or procedure information.

RESULTS

202 dogs were included in the study, with 38 dogs with reported complications and 164 controls. The most reported serious complication was trauma to the prostate, followed by gastrointestinal signs and urinary tract trauma. A complication was more likely if a paramedian skin incision was performed (OR, 4.01; 95% CI, 1.45 to 11.1) compared to a parapreputial incision, as well as if a paramedian abdominal incision was performed compared to a ventral midline incision (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.5 to 7.4).

CONCLUSIONS

The most common complication found in this case-control study was prostatic trauma and was likely associated with inadequate exposure based on the incision location.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Parapreputial skin incision and ventral midline abdominal incision increase exposure and visualization of organs, decreasing the risk of serious complications associated with cryptorchid castration.
Clinical course and radiographic resolution of pneumonia in dogs treated with a shorter versus longer course of antimicrobials: a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Reineke Erica L. , McClosky Megan E. , Mauro Katie D. , Schlax Adam , McGonigle Kathryn M. , Scavello Heather , Cole Stephen D. , Redding Laurel E.
Published: September 2024

OBJECTIVE

To describe clinical and radiographic outcomes in dogs with uncomplicated pneumonia receiving a shorter (2-week) versus longer (4-week) duration of antimicrobial therapy.

ANIMALS

30 client-owned dogs with radiographic evidence of pneumonia.

METHODS

Dogs were randomly assigned to either a 2-week course of antimicrobials followed by a 2-week course of placebo medication (2-week group) or a 4-week course of antimicrobials (4-week group). All study investigators and owners were masked to the treatment group. Dogs were reevaluated at 12 ± 2 days and again at 28 ± 2 days for a physical examination and thoracic radiography. Standard documentation at visits included owner-reported clinical signs, nurse-acquired history, the clinician’s physical examination, the number of affected lung lobe segments, and the global radiographic severity scores assigned. Outcomes investigated included the persistence of clinical and radiographic signs of pneumonia.

RESULTS

28 dogs (93.3%) experienced complete resolution of clinical signs by the first visit, and no dogs in either group experienced relapse of clinical signs during the study period. Eighteen of 30 dogs (60%) and 25 of 30 dogs (83%) experienced complete resolution of radiographic lesions at the first and second study visits, respectively. The remaining 5 dogs (17%) had either stable (4 dogs) or continued (1 dog) improvement in radiographic lesions.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Resolution of clinical and radiographic signs followed similar courses in dogs with uncomplicated pneumonia receiving a 2-week course of antimicrobials compared to a 4-week course. Clinical signs may be more useful for guiding discontinuation of antimicrobial therapy for pneumonia than radiographic signs.
The mBBM equation: a mathematical key to unlocking wave behavior in fluids
Authors: Mahmoud Attia Raghda Attia , Abdelazeem Khater Mostafa Mohamed
Published: September 2024

This research endeavors to analytically and numerically solve the nonlinear modified Benjamin–Bona–Mahony (mBBM) equation, a model of paramount importance in fluid dynamics, particularly for its application in describing unidirectional water waves with small amplitude that are influenced by dispersion and nonlinear effects. The study’s objective is to enhance the understanding of wave propagation in fluids and to establish a clear connection between the mBBM equation and other nonlinear evolution equations. Utilizing the extended auxiliary equation (EAE) and improved Kudryashov (IKud) methods, the research provides analytical solutions, while the extended cubic–B–spline (ECBS) method validates these solutions numerically. The results showcase the accuracy of the EAE and IKud methods in depicting the wave structures governed by the mBBM equation. The significance of this study lies in its potential to advance the application of the mBBM model in real–world scenarios, such as oceanography and coastal engineering. Conclusively, the research affirms the efficacy of the combined analytical and numerical approach in solving the mBBM equation, contributing novel insights into the field of applied mathematics and nonlinear partial differential equations.
Considerable traveling wave solutions of a generalized Hietarinta-type equation
Authors: Mahmud Adnan Ahmad
Published: September 2024

This work effectively utilizes the modified extended tanh− function approach to scientifically deduce semi-analytic traveling wave solutions for the (2+1)-dimensional fourth-order non-linear generalized Hietarinta-type problem, leading to previously unidentified satisfactory solutions. The proposed model has been transformed into a fourth-order non-linear ordinary differential equation via a traveling wave transformation. Some periodic-solitary, original, and oscillating wave solutions to the model under experimentation are acquired in mixed complex trigonometric and logarithmic functions combined with hyperbolic trigonometric functions, and complex rational functions. Assorted solutions have been shown using two- and three-dimensional graphics and suitable arbitrary parameters to demonstrate their physical and dynamic results. Two-dimensional graphs have shown how changes in time formally impact the features and structures of the solution. The free parameters (unrestricted parameters) that keep going in the solutions have a big impact on the dynamic behavior of the solutions. Traveling wave, oscillating, periodic, and breather wave solutions have also been figured out with the help of the operation that gives values to the free parameters.
Passenger car market and regional price discriminations for new cars: Case study and empirical analysis for Poland 2004–2021
Authors: Bielig Andreas
Published: September 2024

Poland disposes on a large stock of mostly aged private passenger cars. In contrast younger cars still play minor role in individual mobility. The contribution analyzes reasons of lagging modernization by focusing on new cars prices with respect to regional price discrimination. It finds in 2004-2021 substantially increasing new cars prices and regional price discrimination between Poland and Germany. Price differentials were positive, with lower prices in Poland, and increased during time. Producers discriminated by prices increasingly but also limited arbitrage transactions by controlling excess differentials. Optimal regional price discrimination could support car markets developments in Poland by stock age compositions shifts towards younger cars. However, applied discrimination proves in observed market environments not sufficient to achieve a great car market transition in near future.
Trade credit policies in the construction industry: A comparative study of Central-Eastern and Western EU countries
Authors: Koralun-Bereźnicka Julia , Gostkowska-Drzewicka Magdalena
Published: September 2024

This article aims to investigate the trade credit policies in construction firms across Central-Eastern Europe (CEE) and Western Europe (WE). Utilizing financial data from construction companies in 12 European Union (EU) countries (2000–2020), sourced from the BACH-ESD database, panel data models are applied separately to each region. The analysis compares trade credit granted and obtained, as well as the impact of determinants in WE and CEE countries. The results show limited cross-regional diversity in trade credit policies and determinants, suggesting alignment with common trends and industry standards. This indicates adaptation by construction companies to minimize the impact of regional economic disparities. The study addresses a gap in the corporate short-term finance literature by offering a comprehensive comparative analysis of trade credit practices among construction firms across CEE and WE countries, revealing regional variations that have not been comprehensively explored in previous analyses.
Shear and flexural strength of reinforced concrete beams made with recycled coarse aggregate concrete
Authors: Magbool Hassan M. , Gamil Mohamed , Issa Mohamed S. , El-Abbasy Ahmed A.
Published: September 2024

Concrete production relies heavily on minerals and nonrenewable resources, specifically natural aggregate. However, waste from construction and demolition projects accumulates in landfills, contaminating the air and groundwater. This affects economies by increasing annual expenditures. The solution can be found by employing concrete made from recycled concrete aggregates (RCA). In this study, finite element (FE) simulations with ABAQUS software are conducted to investigate the shear and flexural behavior of beams made of RCA. The accuracy and dependability of the FE models are validated by contrasting the FE results with those of previous experimental tests. Sixty FE models with different parameters, including various coarse natural aggregate replacement levels (i.e., 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%), compressive strengths (i.e., 25, 35, and 40 MPa), and reinforcement rebar diameters (i.e., 14, 16, and 18 mm), are numerically investigated. Moreover, additional experimental results reported in the literature (30 for shear and 61 for flexural tests) are utilized to verify the American Concrete Institute Code (ACI318-19), the Saudi Building Code (SBC304-18), and the Egyptian Code of Practice (ECP203-2020) provisions for shear and flexure capacity. Shear results showed that the load capacity decreased with increased RCA replacements. However, the effect of RCA on the flexural capacity is limited. The project proves that the provisions of the ACI318-19, SBC304-18, and ECP203-2020 codes for calculating the shear and flexural capacities can still be used for beams made of RCA.
No π for you!
Authors: Calkin Neil J. , Gallagher Eliza
Published: September 2024

In which we serve up several helpings of not- π.
Land use efficiency of sweet corn intercropping with different cowpea planting dates
Authors: Sumarni Titin , Anggoro Ariek Dwi
Published: September 2024

Cultivation of cowpea and sweet corn can optimize land use through an intercropping system, however, the planting date on intercropping is rarely evaluated. The research aimed to evaluate land use efficiency in sweet corn intercropping of different planting dates of cowpea. This research was conducted from January to May 2024 in Bocek Village, Malang, East Java. The study used a randomized complete block design with a single factor consisting of 7 levels, i.e., monoculture sweet corn, and sweet corn intercropping with different cowpea planting dates (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days after sweet corn planting (DAP). Plant growth, yield, land equivalent ratio (LER), and area time equivalent ratio (ATER) were evaluated. The results showed that the intercropping sweet corn and cowpea planted at 21 DAP produced a higher yield than other planting dates. The highest LER of 1.96 and ATER of 1.93 was achieved in the sweet corn with cowpea planted at 21 DAP, indicating the highest land use efficiency occurred at the planting date of cowpea 21 days after planting sweet corn.
Keywords: ATER; cropping system; LER; planting time; Vigna unguiculata; Zea mays
Newly developed site-specific response spectrum for site in Abbottabad city, Pakistan and its comparison with building code of Pakistan, 2021
Authors: Ahmed Naseer
Published: September 2024

Use of site-specific response spectrum has become an integral part of seismic hazard analysis to incorporate the effects of soil beneath the structure. Current study has been performed as a result of lesson learned from recent devasting Turkey earthquake of 6th February 2023, where design ground motions were greatly exceeded. This study presents development of site-specific response spectrum and its comparison with recently published building code of Pakistan, 2021. The results of this study indicate that mobilized shear strength of input motions increased along depth due to development of different shear strain in different soil layers which affected the shear modulus showing its resistance to deformation by exerted shear stress. Input bedrock motions with PGA of 0.31g amplified at the surface up to 0.36g as result of response from the soil profile used. After comparison with design spectrum of building code 2021, it is further validated that the development of site-specific response is underpinning when using design spectrum of BCP-2021 developed for return period of 475 years under currently used soil/site conditions.
Efektivitas terapi latihan peregangan dalam manajemen osteoartritis lutut
Authors: Marciano Oktavianus , Sudiyono Nelson
Published: September 2024

Pendahuluan: Terapi latihan peregangan merupakan terapi utama dan mudah dilakukan untuk osteoartritis lutut, penyebab utama disabilitas dan nyeri di dunia. Saat ini, standar pemberian terapi dan efeknya pada osteoartritis lutut masih bervariasi. Tinjauan pustaka ini bertujuan merangkum efektivitas terapi latihan peregangan terhadap penanganan osteoartritis lutut.
Metode: Artikel ini menggunakan tinjauan pustaka dari berbagai literatur artikel penelitian mengenai efektivitas latihan peregangan terhadap osteoartritis lutut.
Hasil: Latihan peregangan dapat dilakukan sebagai latihan tunggal ataupun bersamaan dengan latihan lainnya. Latihan ini memberikan efek penurunan nyeri, peningkatan lingkup gerak sendi, dan penurunan disabilitas. Efek-efek tersebut dinilai dengan instrumen Visual Analog Scale (VAS), pemeriksaan lingkup gerak sendi dengan goniometer, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), dan Lequesne’s Index. Peregangan dapat dilakukan secara bervariasi dengan target otot utama adalah kuadrisep dan hamstring selama 15-30 detik, empat sampai sepuluh kali repetisi, dengan frekuensi setiap hari hingga tiga kali seminggu dalam bentuk teknik peregangan statis atau proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF). Hasil yang signifikan sudah dapat terlihat dalam enam minggu hingga tiga bulan.
Simpulan: Latihan peregangan menunjukkan efek yang baik dalam menurunkan nyeri, meningkatkan lingkup gerak sendi, menurunkan disabilitas, dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup, terutama latihan menggunakan metode peregangan PNF.
Hubungan Status Gizi dan Asupan Energi-Protein dengan Pertambahan Berat Badan Selama Hamil sebagai Risiko Maternal
Authors: Kurniati Ardesy Melizah , Partan Radiyati Umi , Lestari Peby Maulina , Liberty Iche Andriyani
Published: September 2024

Pendahuluan: Pertambahan berat badan selama kehamilan yang adekuat diharapkan dapat mendukung persalinan yang aman. Status gizi ibu prakehamilan, menjadi acuan dalam menentukan pertambahan berat badan yang ideal. Kecukupan asupan gizi penting dipenuhi selama hamil. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan utama untuk menganalisis hubungan anatara status gizi ibu prakehamilan dan asupan energi-protein dengan pertambahan berat badan selama hamil.
Metode: Penelitian ini memiliki desain cross-sectional menggunakan data primer. Ibu hamil trimester 2 dan 3 dengan kehamilan janin tunggal yang menghadiri kegiatan skrining kesehatan di Balai Kecamatan Gandus Palembang, memiliki data berat badan sebelum hamil, dan bersedia berpatisipasi direkrut sebagai responden penelitian. Responden menjalani pengukuran antropometri dan wawancara asupan energi-protein 1 bulan terakhir menggunakan formulir SQ-FFQ. Data dianalisis menggunakan Chi-Square (alternatif Fisher/Kolmogorov-Smirnov).
Hasil: Sebanyak enam puluh ibu hamil berpartisipasi, sebagian besar berada pada rentang usia reproduktif, masa kehamilan trimester 3, dan beraktivitas sebagai ibu rumah tangga. Status gizi sebelum hamil sebagain besar berada pada berat badan lebih/obes dan tidak ditemukan status gizi kurang. Pertambahan berat badan ibu sebagian besar tidak memenuhi rekomendasi, demikian pula dengan asupan energi-protein. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara status gizi prakehamilan dan pertambahan berat badan selama hamil (p=0,014). Tidak terdapat hubungan antara asupan energi maupun protein dengan pertambahan berat badan selama hamil.
Simpulan: Status gizi prakehamilan berhubungan dengan pertambahan berat badan selama hamil, sebaliknya asupan energi-protein tidak berhubungan.
Kata Kunci: Asupan energi, Asupan protein, Pertambahan berat badan kehamilan, Status gizi
PELATIHAN BUDIDAYA IKAN GURAMI (Osphronemus gouramy) PADA KELOMPOK BUDIDAYA PERIKANAN AGROPARK MANDIRI SEJAHTERA, DESA SABAH BALAU, KECAMATAN TANJUNG BINTANG, KABUPATEN LAMPUNG SELATAN
Authors: Astria Qorie , Tirtana Denta , Noor Nuning Mahmudah , Bokau Rietje J.M , Verdian Aldi Huda
Published: September 2024

Ikan menjadi salah satu bahan makanan yang banyak dicari dan telah menjadi menu makanan sehari-hari masyarakat. Salah satu jenis ikan yang banyak dicari oleh masyarakat adalah ikan gurami. Ikan gurami sangat disukai oleh banyak kalangan karena memiliki daging yang gurih, enak dan padat selain itu duri-durinya yang besar sehingga memudahkan proses makan. Budidaya ikan gurami ini pun bisa dijadikan salah satu bisnis yang menjanjikan karena memiliki nilai jual yang tinggi jika dibandingkan jenis ikan lainnya. Usaha budidaya ikan gurami ini dapat menyesuaikan dengan modal yang dimiliki. Bisnis budidaya ikan gurami dapat dikembangkan baik dengan modal kecil ataupun besar. Sehingga bisnis ikan gurami ini memiliki peluang yang terbuka bagi semua masyarakat.  
Target pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah masyarakat Desa Sabah Balau, khususnya yang tergabung dalam kelompok budidaya di Agro Park Mandiri Sejahtera. Jumlah anggota yang tergabung dalam kelompok pembudidaya sekitar 18 orang, terdiri dari berbagai latar belakang mata pencaharian asal, yaitu petani, pedagang, peternak dan pembudidaya ikan. Dengan perbedaan latar belakang pekerjaan awal, secara otomatis pelaku budidaya ikan masih memiliki pengetahuan yang kurang mengenai teknik pembenihan, pendederan dan pembesaran ikan. Untuk itu, sosialisasi dan penyuluhan mengenai budidaya ikan maupun kesehatan ikan sangat penting dilakukan untuk memperkaya pengetahuan pembudidaya ikan di Agropark Desa Sabah Balau.
Program ini merupakan program yang berkesinambungan karena pendampingan dalam pelaksanaan budidaya sangat diperlukan. Kendala-kendala dalam pembenihan, pendederan dan pembesaran yang akan dialami oleh pembudidaya sebagai bahan kajian untuk dilakukan evaluasi dan penyelesaian.
PELATIHAN FOTOGRAFI DAN FOTO EDITING PRODUK MENGGUNAKAN KAMERA SMARTPHONE UNTUK UMKM LAMPUNG
Authors: Dani Rofianto , Win Kenali Eko , Fitra Jaka , Amaliah Khusnatul , Fathoni Halim
Published: September 2024

Pertumbuhan ekonomi digital yang pesat di Indonesia telah mengubah paradigma bisnis dengan penyebaran internet yang semakin merata di kalangan masyarakat. Lonjakan penggunaan internet dan media sosial, terutama selama pandemi COVID-19, mencapai lebih dari 202 juta individu, di mana sekitar 170 juta di antaranya aktif menggunakan media sosial. Dalam konteks ekonomi digital yang berkembang pesat, peran smartphone menjadi sangat vital. Kualitas kamera smartphone yang semakin baik, fitur pengeditan gambar yang canggih, dan harganya yang terjangkau menjadikannya solusi ideal bagi pelaku bisnis, terutama Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM), yang ingin mempertahankan dan meningkatkan kinerja bisnis mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pelatihan fotografi produk menggunakan smartphone, khususnya untuk UMKM Binaan Polinela. Kami mengidentifikasi bahwa pelatihan teknik fotografi produk dengan smartphone menjadi kunci untuk membantu UMKM menciptakan foto produk yang lebih estetik dan profesional. Dengan smartphone yang semakin merakyat, pelatihan semacam itu mengurangi risiko pasar dan menyediakan kualitas gambar yang bersaing dengan kamera profesional. Hasil dari pelatihan teknik fotografi produk menggunakan smartphone berdampak positif pada kualitas gambar produk UMKM. Perubahan ini juga berkaitan dengan peningkatan daya tarik produk dan merek, yang tercermin dalam peningkatan penjualan dan kesadaran merek. Hal ini memberikan bukti bahwa pelatihan semacam ini memiliki potensi untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan bisnis UMKM di era ekonomi digital yang berkembang pesat di Indonesia.
Embeddedness, Prosociality, and Social Influence: Evidence from Online Crowdfunding
Authors: Hong Yili , Hu Yuheng , Burtch Gordon
Published: September 2024

This paper examines how (1) a crowdfunding campaign’s prosociality (the production of a public versus private good), (2) the social network structure (embeddedness) among individuals advocating for the campaign on social media, and (3) the volume of social media activity around a campaign jointly determine fundraising from the crowd. Integrating the emerging literature on social media and crowdfunding with the literature on social networks and public goods, we theorize that prosocially, public-oriented crowdfunding campaigns will benefit disproportionately from social media activity when advocates’ social media networks exhibit greater levels of embeddedness. Drawing on a panel dataset that combines campaign fundraising activity associated with more than 1,000 campaigns on Kickstarter with campaign-related social media activity on Twitter, we construct network-level measures of embeddedness between and amongst individuals initiating the latter, in terms of transitivity and topological overlap. We demonstrate that Twitter activity drives a disproportionate increase in fundraising for prosocially oriented crowdfunding campaigns when posting users’ networks exhibit greater embeddedness. We discuss the theoretical implications of our findings, highlighting how our work extends prior research on the role of embeddedness in peer influence by demonstrating the joint roles of message features and network structure in the peer influence process. Our work suggests that when a transmitter’s message is prosocial or cause-oriented, embeddedness will play a stronger role in determining influence. We also discuss the broader theoretical implications for the literatures on social media, crowdfunding, crowdsourcing, and private contributions to public goods. Finally, we highlight the practical implications for marketers, campaign organizers, and crowdfunding platform operators.
“Chieftains” Graves of the Varnikam Cemetery: 141 Years Later
Authors: Скворцов К.Н.
Published: September 2024

В данной статье представлена текстовая и графическая реконструкция погребений № 1 и 4 могильника Варникам, принадлежавших представителям элит эстиев, сделанная с учетом новых находок и открытых архивных документов.

This paper contains text and graphic reconstruction of graves No. 1 and No. 4 from the Varnikam cemetery which belonged to the Aesti elite that was made on the basis of new finds and discovered archival documents.
A Fragment of the Terracotta Slab Featuring Parthian Warriors
Authors: Вязьмитина М.И.
Published: September 2024

Данная статья была подготовлена в начале 50-х гг. XX в., но своевременно не была опубликована. Однако она не потеряла своей актуальности. В ней рассматриваются фрагменты условно одной плиты, найденной при раскопках северо-восточной части городища Новая Ниса в 1936, 1948, 1949 гг. Анализ изображений на разрозненных, не стыкующихся друг с другом фрагментах привел автора к выводу, что на рельефе был представлен парфянский боевой слон. Сопоставив имеющиеся фрагменты с изображением слона на знаменитых фаларах, хранящихся в Государственном Эрмитаже, М. И. Вязьмитина предложила полный вариант реконструкции нисийского рельефа. В статье также присутствует подробный обзор сведений о применении боевых слонов на Среднем и Ближнем Востоке.

This paper was written in the early 1950s, but was not published at that time. However, it is still relevant. It explores fragments of what is thought to be one slab discovered during the excavations of the northeastern part of the Novaya Nisa settlement in 1936, 1948 and 1949. Analyzing images on the separate fragments that did not match, the author came to the conclusion that the slab featured a Parthian war elephant. After comparing fragments depicting an elephant in the famous phalerae kept in the State Hermitage Museum, the author proposed her own complete interpretation of the Nisa slab. The paper also provides a detailed overview of information on the use of war elephants in the Middle and Near East.
The Nizhniy Arkhyz and Kyafar Hillforts in the Newsreels of the North Caucasus Expedition of the Institute of Archaeology, RAS
Authors: Виноградов А.Ю. , Кочкаров У.Ю.
Published: September 2024

В процессе оцифровки киноматериалов научно-отраслевого архива ИА РАН выделены материалы, посвященные археологическим исследованиям на территории Карачаево-Черкесской Республики. Кинофильм содержит фрагменты фильма 1960–1962 гг., касающиеся съемки раскопок на территории Нижнеархызского городища и разведок на Кяфарском городище. Присутствуют многочисленные панорамные виды Нижнеархызского городища до реставрационных работ на храмах, на съемке видны остатки фресок, которые на сегодняшний день не сохранились. Описанные кинодокументы дополняют сведения о послевоенном периоде истории археологического изучения Карачаево-Черкесской Республики, материалы и достижения которого весьма скупо освещены в публикациях и архивных материалах.

In the course of digitalization of the film documents kept in the Scientific Archive of the Institute of Archaeology, RAS, footage documenting archaeological excavations in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic was found. The newsreel stories include a film of 1960‒1962 about excavations at the Nizhniy Arkhyz settlement and archaeological reconnaissance at the Kyafar hillfort. The film has numerous panoramic views of the Nizhny Arkhyz hillfort before restoration works in churches; it also documents remains of the frescoes that are now gone. This newsreel footage complements the information on the postwar period in the history of Karachay-Cherkess Republic archaeological excavations; achievements of these excavations have been poorly documented in publications and archival materials.
Introduction
Authors: Обломский А.М.
Published: September 2024

Во вступительной статье к разделу представлена серия материалов Международного семинара, посвященного исследованию Брянского клада и связанных с ним восточноевропейских выемчатых эмалей III в. н. э.

This introductory article presents a series of papers devoted to the research of the Bryansk hoard and related antiquities. The published articles are transactions of the International seminar Historical archaeological study of the Bryansk hoard of Eastern European circle of champlev enamels (III century AD).
THE ZHITNY EXCAVATION TRENCH IN THE KREMLIN OF PEREYASLAVL RYAZANSKY: RESEARCH RESULTS
Authors: Завьялов В.И.
Published: September 2024

Многолетние исследования Житного раскопа в кремле Переяславля Рязанского позволили, пусть и на ограниченном участке, представить историю развития города. Мощность культурных напластований превысила шесть метров. Выделено десять стратиграфических горизонтов, охватывающих период от второй половины XII в. до середины XVII в. Вещевая коллекция составляет более 5000 индивидуальных находок и более 400 000 фрагментов керамики.

The multiyear research of the Zhitny excavation trench in the Kremlin of Pereyaslavl Ryazansky (presentday Ryazan) has provided an opportunity to describe the history of the city development, although within a small area. The thickness of the occupation layers excavated in the trench is more than six meters. Ten stratigraphic horizons covering the period from the second half of the 12th century to the mid17th century have been identified. The collection of artifacts consists of more than 5,000 individual finds and more than 400,000 fragments of ceramics.
FIRST DATA ON STRATIGRAPHY AND CULTURAL ATTRIBUTION OF RAKHAT, A MULTI LAYER UPPER PALEOLITHIC SITE IN SOUTHEASTERN KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Мамиров Т.Б. , Джасыбаев Е.А. , Ожерельев Д.В.
Published: September 2024

В 2018 г. совместной исследовательской группой Института археологии РАН и Государственного музея заповедника Иссык (Казахстан) проводились разведочные раскопки палеолитической стоянки Рахат. Памятник расположен на территории Юго Восточного Казахстана в предгорной зоне Заилийского Алатау одного из северных хребтов горной системы Тянь Шань. В ходе разведочного вскрытия были изучены 13 м лессовидных отложений памятника. Предварительно было выделено две погребенные палеопочвы и 8 культурных слоев. Культурные слои, по преимуществу, представляют собой погребенные уровни обитания. Большая часть культурных слоев представляет собой погребенные уровни обитания. В большинстве случаев каменные находки имеют выраженную вертикальную локализацию, отмечаются случаи ремонтажа каменных находок между собой в различных слоях. В слое 1 обнаруживаются прокалы, углистые пятна, в слое 4 помимо прочего обнаружен очаг. Почти во всех слоях присутствуют угли, иногда обломки костей, в том числе обожженные. Предварительная археологическая датировка ранний и, возможно, средний этапы верхнего палеолита.

In 2018 a joint team of the Institute of Archaeology, RAS, and the State MuseumPreserve Issyk (Kazakhstan) carried out test excavations of Rakhat. The site is a Palaeolithic station located in Southeast Kazakhstan in the piedmont region of the Trans Ili Alatau which is one of the northern mountain ranges of Tian Shan. The test works revealed 13 meters of the loess deposits at the site. Two paleosols and 8 cultural layers werepreliminarily detected. Most occupation layers represent buried habitation levels. In most cases stone finds have an explicit vertical localization, there are cases of stone artefacts refitting in various layers. Layer 1 revealed burned and ash spots a hearth was discovered in layer 4. Charcoals, sometimes, bone fragments, including calcined bones, were found in almost all layers. Preliminary archaeological dating is the early stage, possibly, the middle stage of the Upper Palaeolithic.
he foundations of the Church of St Michael the Archangel in Arkhangel′skoe (Moscow region, Krasnogorsk district)
Authors: Вдовиченко М.В.
Published: September 2024

В марте 2017 г. в рамках реставрационных работ сотрудниками ИА РАН были проведены архитектурно-археологические исследования фундаментов церкви Михаила Архангела в подмосковной усадьбе «Архангельское». В результате работ были определены основные характеристики фундаментов под конструкциями церкви XVII и XIX вв., уточнены места их стыков, выявлен уклон фундаментного основания храма и определен метод выравнивания основания стен на уровне цоколя. Выявлено кладбище вокруг церкви, которое может быть датировано XVII–XIX вв.

During March 2017, staff of the restoration teams of the Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences undertook architectural and archaeology investigations at the Church of St Michael the Archangel, near to the estate of Arkhangel′skoe, near Moscow. A result of the works was that the outline plan and location of the foundations of the of the churches at this locationof the 17th and 19th century were established, the locations of their intersections were determined, and a method for levelling the bases of the walls of their basements was found. A cemetery related to the church was found, which dates to the 17th–19th centuries.
Can Legal Sanctions Reduce Cyberviolence? How Changes in Cost-Benefit Calculations and Norm Neutralizations Affect Self-Censorship
Authors: Stahel Lea , Weingartner Sebastian
Published: September 2024

This study examines whether and how legal sanctions help reduce cyberviolence. Interviews were conducted with offenders who were legally sanctioned for posting criminal online comments in Switzerland. The results of the thematic analysis indicate that offenders self-censor after facing legal sanctions. This is explained with reference to rational choice theory and neutralization theory. The study contributes to the hitherto lacking knowledge about the effectiveness of legal countermeasures against cyberviolence.
Sustainability as Proper Investment: Organisational and Field Level Effects of Grand Challenges in the Case of Swiss Banking
Authors: Mormann Hannah , Hasse Raimund
Published: September 2024

For business firms Grand Challenges (GCs) have become both a social expectation they must meet and a promising opportunity to make profits. Based on the insights of the organisation-society approach, we use the example of banks to show how social and ecological problems are translated into manageable objects and how this translation corresponds to changes at the field level. We identify new forms of collaboration, the emergence of new professionals, and the further trainings of established professionals as a promising research perspective.
High Charge Carrier Mobility in Porphyrin Nanoribbons
Authors: Zhu He , Wen Guanzhao , Zheng Wenhao , Rees Nicholas , Stawski Wojciech , Wang Hai , Bonn Mischa , Anderson Harry
Published: September 2024

Polydisperse edge-fused nickel(II) porphyrin nanoribbons have been synthesized by Yamamoto coupling followed by gold(III)-mediated fusion, with average degrees of polymerization of up to 37 repeat units (length 31 nm). Time-resolved optical-pump terahertz spectroscopy measurements indicate that photo-generated charge carriers have dc mobilities of up to 205 cm2 V–1 s–1 in these nanoribbons, exceeding the values previously reported for most other types of nanoribbon or π-conjugated polymer.
Computational improvement of volatile hits to mosquito ORCO odor co-receptors
Authors: coll julio
Published: September 2024

The ORCO odor co-receptors are homotetrameric membrane proteins present in the insect olfactory neurons, such as those in Anopheles sp., one of the main malarian vectors. For mosquitoes to detect specific chemicals, common ORCO are required to complex with individual hundreds of specific olfactory receptors (OR). The ORCO+OR complexes allow female mosquitos to find appropriated male-mating, human-blood for egg development and wet-places for egg deposition. Volatil chemicals bind ORCO’s monomeric cavities to allosterically affect the tetrameric ionic flow required for OR odor-detection. In this work, new ligands have been derived from anti-ORCO previously described hit parents by evolutionary docking to select those children fitting into the hee desribed ORCO's monomeric cavities. Hundreds of fitted-children predicted low-toxicities, low microMolar affinities, and high vapor-pressures (volatibility). The new hit-derived top-children cross-docked similar ORCO α-helices than those previously reported hits but with ~ 10-100 fold higher docking affinities. Dozens of the top-children are proposed here for experimental tests as candidates for new mosquito volatile repellents and/or reproduction inhibitors.
Optimization of Cosolvent Enhanced Lignocellulosic Fractionation for Isolating Switchgrass Lignin with Distinct Structural Features Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Godwin James , Yi Hojae , Seabright Kendhl , Harper David , Chmely Stephen
Published: September 2024

Pretreatment and fractionation technologies have been used to separate and isolate biomass polymers for conversion into fuels, chemicals, and other products. A great deal of work has focused on dialing in reaction conditions (e.g., time, temperature, acid concentration, etc.) that are amenable to isolating an uncondensed lignin product that could be converted into high value aromatic platform molecules. Pretreatment severity emerged as a term that combines time, temperature, and acid concentration into a single value that can be used to compare various pretreatment technologies. However, combining the effects of these conditions into a single term, while convenient, confounds the effects that these conditions have on lignin quality, both individually and when combined with each other. Moreover, pretreatment and fractionation reactors do not have a severity “knob,” and several different sets of conditions could mathematically achieve the same severity but have different effects on the resulting lignin product slate. In this study, we set out to model the effects of time (10-30 min), temperature (140-180 °C), and acid concentration (0.025-0.1 M H2SO4) on lignin yield (up to quantitative), molecular weight (Mw = 700-2000 g/mol), and hydroxyl group content (3.55-6.06 mmol OH/g) using the co-solvent enhanced lignocellulosic fractionation (CELF) process on switchgrass. Our results show that lignin yield is most sensitive to acid concentration, with an additional 4.96% yield per 10 mM of acid. In addition, molecular weight is sensitive to acid concentration and temperature, with a decrease of 77.9 g/mol per 10 mM of acid and a decrease of 19.3 g/mol per °C. Moreover, total hydroxyl group content decreases at a rate of 89 μmol total OH per g lignin per min at short time (t = 12 min, T = 160 °C) and is increases at a rate of 125 μmol total OH per g lignin per min at long time (t = 28 min, T = 160 °C). Finally, our results demonstrate that residence time does not have a statistically significant effect on yield or molecular weight within the studied ranges, which could have implications for continuous and flow-through processes, where short residence times could lead to substantial cost savings. Overall, these results demonstrate that practitioners can design a process that maximizes one or more of industrially relevant lignin properties by exerting careful control of fractionation conditions, which could ultimately lead to greater utilization of lignin for fuels, chemicals, and other products.
An Investigation into the Uncertainty Revision Process of Professional Forecasters
Authors: Clements Michael , Rich Robert W. , Tracy Joseph
Published: September 2024

Following Manzan (2021), this paper examines how professional forecasters revise their fixed-event uncertainty (variance) forecasts and tests the Bayesian learning prediction that variance forecasts should decrease as the horizon shortens. We show that Manzan's (2021) use of first moment "efficiency" tests are not applicable to studying revisions of variance forecasts. Instead, we employ monotonicity tests developed by Patton and Timmermann (2012) in the first application of these tests to second moments of survey expectations. We find strong evidence that the variance forecasts are consistent with the Bayesian learning prediction of declining monotonicity
Drying characteristics and phytochemicals retention of selected clones of
Liberica coffee grown in Malaysia
Authors: Md Saleh R. , A.H.S. Mirfat , Nasarudin N.S. , Othman Z.
Published: September 2024

Coffee is one of the world's most well-known and popular beverages, and the trees can be
found in many countries, including Malaysia. Coffee beans have been used in a variety of
foods and beverages since ancient times due to their unique and tasty flavour. Arabica and
Robusta are the two most widely grown clones, with Liberica being the most
underutilized. Liberica clones have recently gained popularity in Malaysia due to their
distinct flavour profile. In view of this, the current study assessed the drying
characteristics of selected clones of Liberica coffees and the influence of drying
temperatures on phytochemicals retention was conducted. Coffee beans from selected
clones of 211, 213, 222, 224, and MKL7 were harvested at optimum maturity and dried in
a convective oven at 50°C, 60°C, and 70°C. The drying periods for all clones were
observed at 15 hrs, 8 hrs, and 6.5 hrs when drying at 50°C, 60°C, and 70°C respectively.
Clones 211, 213, and 224 showed high antioxidant activity when subjected to oven drying
at 60°C with values ranging from 0.997 IC50 (mg/mL) to 1.622 IC50 (mg/mL) for DPPH
method and 0.099 µmol/mg to 0.145 µmol/mg for FRAP method respectively. Clone 224
retained the most total phenolics content after drying at 60°C, with a final concentration of
21.94 mg GAE/g. Drying at 50°C and 60°C resulted in the highest retention of total
flavonoid content for clones 211, 213, 222, and 224, with concentrations ranging from
5.11 mg RE/g to 10.77 mg/RE, whereas total flavonoid content for clone MKL 7 remained
stable at 7.30 mg RE/g, 7.71 mg RE/g, and 8.43 mg RE/g for all drying temperatures.
Clone 224 retained the most chlorogenic acid and caffeine content when dried at 60°C.
The study demonstrated that drying at 60°C is the recommended temperature for
preserving total phenolics, total flavonoids, total antioxidants, chlorogenic acid, and
caffeine content in Liberica coffees.
Studying hydraulic engineering in Russian (for Chinese students)
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Chernykh O. N.
Published: September 2024

The textbook contains basic information on modern hydraulic structures for complex and special purposes, allowing Chinese students to be prepared for mastering technical disciplines in Russian. The textbook is intended for mastering theoretical material and performing coursework, calculations, graphics and graduation works by bachelors in the direction 08.03.01 “Construction” and masters in the direction 08.04.01 “Construction” in the direction “River and underground hydraulic structures” of the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education, recommended for publication by the educational and methodological commission of the Institute of Land Reclamation, Water Resources and Construction named after A.N. Kostyakova, protocol No.12. 26.08.2024.
РОЗРОБЛЕННЯ І ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ЗАХИСНИХ ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ МАТЕРІАЛІВ ДЛЯ БЛОКУВАННЯ ЕЛЕКТРОМАГНІТНИХ ВИПРОМІНЮВАНЬ ІНФРАЧЕРВОНОГО ДІАПАЗОНУ
Authors: Glyva V. , Krasnianskyi G. , Dovhanovskyi M. , Krasnianskyi T.
Published: September 2024

Розроблено матеріали для блокування електромагнітних випромінювань інфрачервоного діапазону. Застосування нітриду бору, оксиду хрому, магнетиту, які у великих кількостях виробляються промисловістю, дозволило отримати матеріали, придатні для широкого застосування. Основою матеріалу є серійний синтетичний текстильний матеріал. Носієм наповнювача є синтетичний лак. Встановлено, що за мінімального вмісту нітриду бору (25 % за масою у одному шарі), оксиду хрому (4,5 %), магнетиту (30 %) зниження рівнів інфрачервоного випромінювання за колірними температурами складають 25–28 %. За максимальної кількості оксиду хрому (7,5 %) цей показник складає 40–45 %. Для зразків із вмістом магнетиту 40 % і мінімальним вмістом нітриду бору і оксиду хрому зниження рівнів інфрачервоних випромінювань складали 75–80 %. За максимального вмісту нітриду бору цей показник зростає до 85–90 %, що є прийнятним. Показано, що колірні температури, визначені за допомогою теплової камери відрізняються від фактичних температур зразка, що є особливостями конструкцій камер. Врахувати цей факт можливо розрахунковим методом. У відповідні функції закладено робочі діапазони інфрачервоних камер, коефіцієнт випромінювання об’єкта, потужність випромінювання об’єкта тощо. Це спрощує процес проєктування захисних матеріалів. Розроблені матеріали, придатні для використання у якості теплового камуфляжу та вирішення задач теплоізоляції. Застосування у дослідних зразках магнетиту у вигляді окремого шару дозволило отримати коефіцієнт екранування електромагнітного випромінювання ультрависокої частоти порядку 6,0–6,5, що є прийнятним для вирішення задач електромагнітної сумісності електронного обладнання. Додавання до магнетиту графіту у кількостях 1,5–3,0 % підвищує коефіцієнти екранування до 8,2–8,5.