bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Biopsy-Proven Primary Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Experience of Patients With Inoperable Cancer at a Single Brazilian Institution
Authors: Abreu Carlos E.C.V. , Moraes Fabio Y. , Miranda Fabiana A. , Siqueira Gabriela S.M. , Gadia Rafael , Haddad Cecilia K. , Carvalho Heloisa A.
Published: July 2018

Purpose

Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has emerged as a treatment option for patients with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We report the clinical outcomes and toxicity for patients with inoperable primary NSCLC treated with SBRT.

Methods

Between 2007 and 2015, 102 consecutive lung lesions were treated with SBRT at our center, of which 59 primary NSCLC lesions (from 54 patients with inoperable disease) were retrospectively reviewed (43 lesions were excluded because of metastases or because there was no biopsy specimen). We report infield local control (LC) per SBRT target, regional or distant failure-free survival, and overall survival (OS) per patient, using Kaplan-Meier estimates. Serious toxicity was retrospectively scored using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.

Results

Most of the 54 patients were men (n = 41; 76%), median age was 75 years; stage IA (n = 36; 66%) and adenocarcinoma (n = 43; 80%) were the most common stage and histologic diagnosis, respectively. Five patients had two lung lesions. A median of three fractions (range, 3 to 5 fractions) and a total median dose of 54 Gy (range, 45 to 60 Gy) per lesion were prescribed. The median follow-up was 17.8 months (range, 4 to 56.4 months). The 2-year rates of LC, regional or distant failure-free survival, and OS were 89.1% (95% CI, 72.2% to 96%), 79% (95% CI, 59.8% to 89.8%), and 80% (95% CI, 64% to 89.8%), respectively. Grade 3 to 4 toxicities were observed in two patients (3%): grade 3 pneumonitis (n = 1) and grade 4 skin toxicity (n = 1).

Conclusion

SBRT results in high rates of 2-year LC, regional or distant failure-free survival, and OS with low rates of severe toxicity in patients with inoperable primary NSCLC disease.
Screen and Triage by Community Extension Workers to Facilitate Screen and Treat: Task-Sharing Strategy to Achieve Universal Coverage for Cervical Cancer Screening in Nigeria
Authors: Awolude Olutosin A. , Oyerinde Sunday O. , Akinyemi Joshua O.
Published: July 2018

Purpose

Universal coverage of cervical cancer screening remains elusive in most low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), home to the greatest burden of this preventable disease. Implementation of a cytology-based screening strategy in these countries is challenging. Also, there is shortage of health care workers (HCWs) to implement the low-technology, cheaper, but equally effective, methods like visual inspection with acetic acid. However, the implementation of HIV programs in LMICs has introduced the innovation of task shifting and task sharing, using the community health extension workers (CHEWs) and community health officers (CHOs) to complement clinical HCWs, especially at the primary health care, level with good outcome. Hence, this study leveraged this strategy.

Methods

We piloted a study to improve knowledge and practice skills of CHEWs and CHOs in a rural community of Oyo state, Nigeria, through training and participatory supervision to screen for cervical cancer using visual inspection with acetic acid and link positive cases for treatment with cryotherapy.

Results

A total of 51 HCWs, including doctors, nurses, CHEWs, and CHOs, were trained during the study to provide cervical cancer screening services. After the training, cervical cancer and its prevention knowledge improved from 52.4% before training to 91.5% immediate after training. Over 12 months, 950 eligible women were screened, of whom 848 (89.3%) were screened by CHEWs and CHOs. Of the 63 rescreened by CHEWs and CHOs (data grouped), and nurses, 88.1% and 92.3%, respectively, agreed with expert team review, with κ statistics of 0.76 and 0.84, respectively.

Conclusion

This pilot project showed the ability of CHEWs and CHOs to identify cervical dysplasia was good and that of nurses was very good with appropriate competency training to achieve universal coverage of cervical cancer screening in LMICs.
Discrimination of Anionic Polysaccharides via Monomer-Excimer Switching and Photo-Induced Colorimetric Reaction of 1-Methyl-3-(N-(1,8-naphthalimidyl)ethyl)imidazolium
Authors: Izawa Hironori , Wada Mayuko , Nishino Shoji , Sumita Masato , Fujita Takehiro , Morihashi Kenji , Ifuku Shinsuke , Morimoto Minoru , Saimoto Hiroyuki
Published: July 2018

1-Methyl-3-(N-(1,8-naphthalimidyl)ethyl)imidazolium can be a discriminator for anionic polysaccharides via monomer-excimer switching and photo-induced colorimetric reaction. In the system, the excimer fluorescence increases remarkably in the presence of sulfated polysaccharides. The degree of enhancement depends on the number of sulfate groups in its structure. In contrast, the degree of excimer enhancement is not significant in the presence of carboxylated polysaccharides probably due to a different photo-induced decay pathway. The solutions containing carboxylated polysaccharides certainly become yellow via a photo-induced colorimetric reaction.
Exercise and Bariatric Surgery: An Effective Therapeutic Strategy
Authors: Coen Paul M. , Carnero Elvis A. , Goodpaster Bret H.
Published: July 2018

The long-term efficacy of bariatric surgery is not entirely clear, and weight regain and diabetes relapse are problems for some patients. Exercise is a feasible and clinically effective adjunct therapy for bariatric surgery patients. We hypothesize that exercise is also a critical factor for long-term weight loss maintenance and lasting remission of type 2 diabetes.
Private Provision of Social Insurance: Drug-Specific Price Elasticities and Cost Sharing in Medicare Part D
Authors: Einav Liran , Finkelstein Amy , Polyakova Maria
Published: July 2018

We explore how private drug plans set cost sharing in the context of Medicare Part D. While publicly provided drug coverage typically involves uniform cost sharing across drugs, we document substantial heterogeneity in the cost sharing for different drugs within privately provided plans. We also document that private plans systematically set higher consumer cost sharing for drugs or classes associated with more elastic demand; to do so, we estimate price elasticities of demand across more than 150 drugs and across more than 100 therapeutic classes. We conclude by discussing the various channels that likely affect private plans’ cost-sharing decisions. (JEL G22, H51, I13, I18, L11, L65)
A Letter and Encouragement: Does Information Increase Postsecondary Enrollment of UI Recipients?
Authors: Barr Andrew , Turner Sarah
Published: July 2018

For individuals who experience job loss, enrollment in postsecondary programs may provide an opportunity to improve future employment outcomes. However, decisions to enroll may be hampered by insufficient information about the benefits and costs and the necessary steps and assistance available to facilitate such investments. Using variation in the dissemination and timing of letters sent to Unemployment Insurance (UI) recipients containing this information, we find that individuals sent the information are 40 percent more likely to enroll. These findings suggest that well coordinated information interventions delivered with institutional support may be more effective than raising the generosity of existing government programs in increasing participation. (JEL E24, E32, I23, I26, J24, J31, J65)
A comparative study for structural bedrock delineation by using conventional geophysical methods
Authors: ΠΑΠΑΔΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Τ. Δ. , ΑΛΕΞΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ I. A. , ΚΑΜΠΟΥΡΗΣ Π. Ι.
Published: July 2018

In this paper is examined the potential and effectiveness of two conventional geophysical methods in geotechnical research. The seismic refraction method that has been successfully used in the past for subsurface bedrock delineation in foundation projects, failed to indicate clear distinction between flysch and limestone bedrock material in the area under investigation. This failure is due to the macro-anisotropy structure of the limestone that resulted from joints, tectonic processes or/and karstic phenomena and later fillings of the voids with argillaceous material. The geoelectrical method of vertical sounding, on the other hand, although provided a clear distinction for the bedrock characterization, failed to distinguish the overburden cover from the underlain flysch formation. Finally, in this paper it is shown that for a successful application of geophysical work in  geotechnical research, it is required effective design, utilization of modern analysis methods and handling more than geophysical methods.
Detailed shallow structure seismic refraction investigation, with the application of different processing techniques
Authors: ΠΑΠΑΔΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Τ. , ΚΑΜΠΟΥΡΗΣ Π. , ΑΛΕΞΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Ι.
Published: July 2018

A comparative study of conventional and modern processing techniques of seismic refraction data is examined in this paper, for shallow structure investigation in the framework of a geotechnical research. The techniques used here were applied for the detection of narrow and low seismic velocity zones along the bedrock in the 10.5th Km of the new national road Igoumenitsa-Ioannina. The results were comparable and only slight deviations were observed due mainly to different algorithm procedures applied on data and the resolution provided by each technique. It is pointed out that the non linear tomography seismic refraction technique, overcomes the conventional ones since by increasing the number of seismic sources and considering the gradual variation of seismic velocity with depth, a better resolution and image reconstruction for the subsurface structure is obtained.
Contribution of modern seismic methods for subsurface investigations. An applicaton at Kalogreza area (Athens)
Authors: ΠΑΠΑΔΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Τ. Δ. , ΑΛΕΞΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Ι. , ΚΑΜΠΟΥΡΗΣ Π. , ΤΟΛΗΣ Σ. , ΚΑΒΟΥΝΙΔΗΣ Σ.
Published: July 2018

In this paper the application of the seismic tomography method for subsurface investigation, especially in the case of adit detection at depths between 30 and 80 meters is presented. The use of non destructive seismic sources as the mechanical hammer as well as seismic detonators were allowed seismic waves of dominant frequency between 200Έ250 Hz to be recorded. After the processing of seismic records and the subtraction of seismic noise by applying appropriate filters, the technique of non linear inversion was elaborated by using the advanced algorithm of J. Zhang and N. Toksoz (1998). This technique was applied in three borehole pairs that were drilled in the Kalogreza area. According to the obtained results there were no large subsurface adits detected. A small differentiation in seismic velocity (of the order of 300 m/s) near boreholes Bl-1 (mainly) and Bl-3, is due either to phasies change or to different physical condition of the material.
A combination of self-potential and Schlumberger VES measurements for subsurface layering investigations
Authors: ΠΑΠΑΘΕΟΦΑΝΟΥΣ Γ. , ΣΚΙΑΝΗΣ Γ. , ΠΑΠΑΔΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Τ. , ΝΙΚΟΛΑΟΥ Σ.
Published: July 2018

Self-potential (SP) anomalies can be useful in locating discontinuities in underground structure where water-flow occurs, but their interpretation is sometimes ambiguous. This paper was initiated by an effort to form a relatively accurate picture of the subsurface structure by combining SP measurements with Schlumberger soundings. The data employed come from a 1996 series of measurements carried out for a hydrogeological study near the village of Pigi of Rethimnon province in Crete Island. Data from 8 vertical electrical soundings (VES) were first used to determine the structure and possible lateral variations in the subsurface. For this, two parallel geoelectrical cross-sections were drawn, by considering simplified models. One of these cross-sections was employed in reducing the smoothed SP data to a homogeneous medium. This was necessary in order to make use of an interpretation algorithm (SPIN). The program is based on Fitterman's model of a dipping polarized plane for calculating SP anomalies, when the anomalies are generated by water flow along a boundary between rocks with different cross-coupling properties, that is through thermoelectrical or electrokinetical mechanism. Two major SP anomalies were observed, which suggest water presence. The interpretation algorithm led to the model parameters of the two sources, that reproduced accurately the anomalies. Their positions are in good agreement with those of the lateral discontinuities revealed by VES results. On examining the geological map of the area, we concluded that one of the sources might well be the prolongation of a fault disappearing about 2km from the SP line, while a second fault could explain slight lateral differences between the two geoelectrical crosssections.
A study of the self-potential field produced by a polarised inclined sheet in an electrically homogeneous and transversely anisotropic ground
Authors: ΣΚΙΑΝΗΣ Γ. Α. , ΠΑΠΑΔΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Τ. Δ. , ΒΑΪΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Δ. Α.
Published: July 2018

In the present paper, the self-potential (sp) field is studied, which is produced by an inclined sheet (thin dyke) in an electrically homogeneous and transversely anisotropic ground. At first, the mathematical expression for the sp anomaly is deduced, by integration of the formula for the self-potential field produced by a point pole in a transversely anisotropic medium (Skianis & Herntmdez 1999). Then, the behavior of the sp curve is studied, for various angles of schistosity. The whole anomaly may be displaced along the horizontal axis and deformed in terms of amplitude and shape. Particular emphasis is given on the enhancement and suppression of the positive center of the self-potential, which depends on the values and orientations of the schistosity angle of the ground and the dip angle of the inclined sheet. These deformations of the sp anomaly, may introduce significant errors in the calculation of the parameters of the polarized body, if ground anisotropy is not taken into account. Therefore, new methodologies have to be developed, for a reliable quantitative interpretation of self-potential field data. In this paper, a direct interpretation method is proposed, which consists of two steps: In step one, the parameters of the inclined sheet are determined, assuming a homogeneous and isotropic ground. In this stage, any quantitative interpretation method, referred in the international bibliography, may be used. Secondly, the true parameters of the dyke are estimated, by a set of transformations in which the anisotropy coefficient and the schistosity angle are introduced. In order to apply this method, a priori information about ground anisotropy should be available, by dc geoelectrical and geological investigations. The efficiency of the method was tested on a synthetic model. In the first stage, the quantitative interpretation method of Murty & Haricharan 1985 was employed. In the second stage, the calculated parameters of the first step, served as input values of the transformations, and the real parameters of the inclined sheet were estimated. There was a good agreement between the parameter values of the synthetic model and the ones found by the proposed method. The results and conclusions of this paper, may be useful in detecting sulfide mineralization deposits or graphite.
Prospecting for voids with vertical radar profiling
Authors: IOANNIS I. F.
Published: July 2018

Vertical Radar Profiling measurements were conducted to image subsurface cavities encountered in Akrotiri Archaeological Excavations area on Thera Island. The vertical radar profiling technique is able to explore much deeper than conventional surface GPR because it uses wells. The transmitting-receiving antenna unit was moved within the excavated well along six vertical profile lines in equally divided positions. A local electrical resistivity survey preceded the GPR profiles to investigate if the conductivity of the pyroclastic formation satisfies the presuppositions to conduct GPR measurements. The vertical GPR profiles revealed locations where cavities exist but they were unable to show their shape and extent. Cross-well seismic tomography images supported the vertical radar profiling results.
Subsurface fault imaging using crosshole tomographic methods
Authors: IOANNIS I. F.
Published: July 2018

Crosshole seismic tomography experiments were performed to image the subsurface structure between pairs of wells in three locations at Ano Liosia Municipality. Seismic caps were used as downhole sources and a 24-channel geophone cable provided the downhole receivers. The crosshole data were processed with a SIRT traveltime transmission tomography package to produce a velocity model. The crosshole velocity section exhibits rapid lateral and vertical velocity changes that are not resolved by surface methods. The results indicate that crosshole tomography can potentially be used to image steeply dipping beds or complex structures, such as small faults or cavities.
A geophysical survey in the archaeological site of Archontiko, Yannitsa
Authors: SAVVAIDIS A. , TSOKAS G. , TSOURLOS P. , VARGEMEZIS G. , CHRYSOSTOMOU A. , CRYSOSTOMOU P.
Published: July 2018

The ancient settlement of Archontiko is 4.5 km NW of ancient Pella in North Greece (Figure 1). The findings showed that the area was first occupied by the end of the Iron Age, i.e. 650-550 B.C. Also, showed that the topographic table of Archontiko was a major settlement of the Yannitsa province due to its concessive position by the main roads of Macedonia (Chrysostomou A. and Chrysostomou P., 1993). At the upper layers of the ruins, findings of the Roman and Byzantine times were also unearthed. The geophysical methods have been used in order to detect and map antiquities in various sites in Greece (e.g., Tsokas et al., 1994; 1995; Sawaidis et al., 1999). The resistivity mapping employing the twin probe array, the total magnetic field variations, the airborne photos and the Ground Probing Radar are the most popular methods in this respect. However, almost all geophysical methods can be used to tackle specific problems. From 1992 till 1994, many geophysical surveys were carried out in the area of Archontiko to collect mainly magnetic data. Resistivity measurements were also conducted in a small part of the area. The data presented in this study cover the northern side of the topographic table of Archontiko and they were collected during two campaigns during the summer of the years 1992 and 1993 (Figure 2).
The method of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility: theory and applications. A case study from the Rhodope massif
Authors: ZANANIRI I.
Published: July 2018

The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility is a physical property of the rocks widely used in petrofabric studies and other applications. It is based on the measurement of low-field magnetic susceptibility in different directions along the sample. From this process several scalar properties arise, defining the magnitude and symmetry of the AMS ellipsoid, along with the magnetic foliation and lineation, namely the magnetic fabric. A case study is presented, dealing with the deformation of the Mont-Louis-Andorra pluton. Finally, the method was applied in Tertiary magmatic rocks from the Rhodope Massif, revealing their magnetic character and internal structures.
The Gujarat, West India, earthquake (Jan 26th 2001). A geodynamic event in an intraplate compressional regime?
Authors: ΔΑΝΑΜΟΣ Γ. Δ. , ΛΕΚΚΑΣ Ε. Λ. , ΛΟΖΙΟΣ Σ. Γ.
Published: July 2018

The Jan. 26, 2001, Ms=7.7 earthquake occurred in Gujarat region of W. India, which lies 200-400 Km away from the active plate boundary zone, between the Indian subcontinent and the Asian plate, along the India-Pakistan border and the Himalayan belt. An Ms=7.7±0.2 earthquake also occurred in the same region in 1819. A zone of co-seismic E-W surface ruptures, 30-40 Km long and 15-20 Km wide, observed near the epicentral area and seems to be associated with pre-existing reverse faults and thrust folds, which were partially reactivated during the recent earthquake. Except the reverse vertical displacement a significant right lateral displacement was also observed along these E-W surface ruptures. This Ms=7.7 seismic event has been also accompanied by a large scale flexural-slip folding, as the absence of significant co-seismic fault displacement and fault scarp shows. This type of compressional tectonic deformation is also confirmed by the focal mechanism of the earthquake and the seismo-tectonic "history" of the area. The NW-SE open cracks, also observed along the same zone, are associated with the right lateral horizontal displacement of the reactivated fault (or branch faults) and the development of local extensional stress field in the huge anticlinic hinges of the co-seismic flexural-slip folds. A large number of ground ruptures, failures and open cracks are also associated with extensive sand boils, liquefaction phenomena and lateral spreading.
The AD 365 earthquake. From legend to modelling
Authors: ΔΡΑΚΟΣ Α. Γ. , ΣΤΕΙΡΟΣ Σ. Κ.
Published: July 2018

A major earthquake shook the entire East Mediterranean region on July 21st AD 365; numerous cities were completely ruined or seriously damaged, while a tsunami that followed destroyed the Nile Delta. This disaster impressed ancient writers for more than 1000 years and it turned to a legend. Despite the fact that the AD 365 earthquake is probably the greatest one that took place in the East Mediterranean region in the historic period, it has not been studied in detail. The main reason is that the historical data are poor, ambiguous and contradictory, and do not permit any secure seismological conclusions. Yet, many workers have concluded that this earthquake was associated with a fault along the Hellenic Arc, SW of Crete, in agreement with geomorphological, biological and radiometric data indicating that the western part of the island was uplifted by up to 9m by an earthquake in the 4th century AD. New archaeological data permit to shed more light to this earthquake and to identify its meizoseismal area, extending from western Cyprus to the Libyan coasts. Furthermore, an elastic dislocation analysis of the earthquake uplift, deduced from coastal data, permits to conclude that the causative fault was an east-west striking inverse fault at least 100km long, southwest of Crete, associated with an earthquake of magnitude of the order of M=8.5-8.7.
Seismotectonic features in the Northern Aegean sea
Authors: ΜΠΑΡΑΚΟΥ Θ. , ΔΕΛΗΜΠΑΣΗΣ Ν. , ΒΟΥΛΓΑΡΗΣ Ν. , BAIER Β.
Published: July 2018

The analysis and processing of 1135 microearthquakes, recorded during the time period May 1993 – December 1994, indicated that the North Aegean Trough and the Trough of Skyros are the boundaries of, respectively, the NW and SE side of a tectonic Block in the shape of a trapezium, whose large base is the NW one. ΝW of the island of Lemnos, the North Aegean Trough changes direction from ENE-WSW to NE-SW. This point operates as a joint, on either side of which a differentiation of the areas is visible. In the SW of the troughs, two seismic gaps, which seem to be connected to a presently shaping channel of a NW-SE trend, were observed. The two southern branches of the North Anatolia Fault will constitute, in future, the northern and southern boundary of the Trough of Skyros. The migration of earthquakes in the North Aegean Sea follows a right lateral direction, however this direction changes to left lateral east of Chios Island.
Instrumental and field observations for the determination of the seismogenic structure of the 7 September 1999 Athens earthquake
Authors: ΠΑΠΑΔΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Γ. Α. , ΓΚΑΝΑΣ Α. , ΠΑΥΛΙΔΗΣ Σ.
Published: July 2018

The earthquake of 7 Sept. 1999 (Ms= 5.9) that struck the metropolitan area of Athens, occurred only at a distance of '18 NW from the historical center of the city and has been the most destructive shock in modern history of Greece. Therefore, it is of great importance to identify the seismogenic structure. Focal mechanisms of the main shock as well as the lateral and vertical distributions of the aftershocks , determined by several institutes, are consistent in that the main shock was associated with a normal faulting striking WNE-ESE and dipping SW. The only geological faults known in the area to have the geometrical characteristics that are compatible with the seismographic results are the fault of Thriassion Pedion and the Fili fault. We support that the Fili fault, striking 110° - 150° Ν at an observable length of 8-10 Km, has been very probably the seismogenic structure of the Athens earthquake because ( i) it proved to be an active fault as revealed by the striations we observed on several segments of the fault mirror, ( ii) the meizoseismal region as well as the most important ground failures, like local small-scale landslides and rock-falls, all are located on the hanging-wall domain and very close to the surface trace of the fault as it is theoretically expected (e.g. Oglesby et al., 2000), ( iii) we observed a possibly co-seismic displacement by 3-6 cm of the SW (hanging-wall) segment towards SW . On the contrary, the fault of Thriassion Pedion is recognizable in satellite images but in the field it is evident only as a series of alluvium cones which is an evidence of a possibly inactive structure. Moreover, the meizoseismal area and the ground failures observed in association with the Athens earthquake are located in its foot-wall, that is in the domain where strong motion should not expected to occur. In addition, if that fault was the seismogenic one then the earthquake focus would fit the fault geometry only if it was shifted at least 15 km southwestwards. The last possibility that the Athens earthquake was associated with a blind fault is not supported by any kind of instrumental or field evidence.
Implications of paleoseismology in seismic hazard analysis in NW Crete and Kythira strait (Greece)
Authors: ANDREOU C. , MOUSLOPOULOU V. , FOUNTOULIS I. , ATAKAN Κ.
Published: July 2018

The scope of this paper is to study how geological data contribute to hazard analysis and the extent to which they can be incorporated in the existing hazard models. For this reason the study area was divided into area source zones and the paleoseismological data collected and studied on the Kera fault zone, in Chania, Crete, were taken into account. The seismic hazard was calculated with CRISIS99, using a combination of the Poissonian and the characteristic earthquake model. The data from the Kera fault affect slightly the calculation of seismic hazard. It is suggested that more paleoseismological data and a good attenuation relationship for the area, would lead to the development of hazard models capable to incorporate geological information and it would improve the quality of seismic hazard analysis.
Geological construction of southern part of Ionian zone based on interpretation of seismic data
Authors: BARE V. , BAKO P. , NGRESl V. , BARE V. , NGRESl L. , BAKO M.
Published: July 2018

The Ionian zone is the main object of seismic interpretation for a long time. Within this framework, we shall analyze the new seismic intrpretation methods used in oil and gas exploration in the western part of Ionian zone. The Ionian zone is very complex involving certain tectonic faults. In the central part, we can see the duplex tectonic style. Anticline belts from east to west can be interpreted.The Ionian zone comprises three anticline belts:Berati belt, Kurveleshi belt and Cika belt. By application of SeisWork2D in the eastern part of the belt, we have evidenced some perscpective structures, meanwhile in the western part, the seismic quality is very chaotic. Kurveleshi belt is constructed by structures of various forms and dimensions associated with developed tectonics up to thrusting. Cika anticline belt is constructed mainly by prolonged structures of considerable dimensions associated with evaporate outcrops as in Xara, Fterra, Cika etc.
An alternative Bayesian statistics for probabilistic earthquake prediction in Mexico, Central and South America
Authors: GALANIS O. CH. , TSAPANOS T. M. , PAPADOPOULOS G. A. , KIRATZI A. A.
Published: July 2018

The probabilities of occurrence of strong (M>6.5) earthquakes, in the seismically active regions of Mexico, central and south America, are estimated. The straightforward approach of Bayes statistics is applied in order to search for the inter-arrival times of strong earthquakes in predefined seismic zones of the above referred regions. The method introduced allows to determine the uncertainties involved, which are expressed as percentages of the earthquake mean return period. The determination in this way is very efficient because one may calculate uncertainties on the same time scale. It is also shown that the final maximum Bayesian probabilities of the inter-arrival times in the several seismic zones are dependent on the data set used and particularly on its time length. Comparisons between the predicted and the real time of earthquake occurrences are finally made in order to evaluate the correlation between them.
The interpretation of seismic facies in the molassic deposition of Preadriatic Foredeep
Authors: GJIKA A. , GURI S. , GURl M. , GJIKA M. , TRIFONI E.
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this article is to illustrate the principles of seismic facie analysis used in the interpretation of sedimentary rocks, in siliciclastic deposits, especially in molassic one. The recognition and definition of a seismic facies and the analysis of its vertical evolution (facies associations) lead to an environmental interpretation, which can give useful information on both sedimentary facies and reservoir characteristics. With this aim, the major depositional systems, from continental to deep marine, and the depositional elements in which they can be subdivided, will be briefly overviewed in terms of extension, geometry, continuity and lateral variations. For each of these systems, it is pointed out, the major physical active processes during the deposition, the resulting sedimentary structures and their vertical and lateral evolution. The comparison between the environmental interpretation derived from bottom cores, well - logs and that derived from the current depositional models, is used to predict the nature and distribution of reservoir and sealing rocks.
Parameters of intensity distribution in the Izmit and Dazce (Turkey) earthquakes
Authors: LEKKAS E. L.
Published: July 2018

On 17th August and 12th November 1999 the wider area of Izmit, Adapazari, Dózce and Bolu (Turkey) was hit by two seismic shocks with magnitude Mw = 7.4 and Mw = 7.1, respectively. The earthquakes produced surface ruptures over a distance of at least 150 km, as well as settlement, soil fissures, liquefaction, landslides, tsunamis and subsidence. Damage and intensity evaluation followed the EMS]99, and EMS1998. The maximum intensities approached XII in both earthquakes. Intensity maps show alignment parallel to the strike of the seismic faults, with local variations due to geometry and kinematics of certain tectonic structures. Intensities were considerably amplified locally by concomitant geodynamic phenomena
The 1999 eartquake activity in Izmit, NW Turkey. An opportunity for the study of actualistic strike-slip related tectonic forms
Authors: LEKKAS E. L.
Published: July 2018

The 1999 earthquake activity in the area of Izmit - Bolu, Turkey, which included two major shocks, on the 17th Aug. and 12th Nov. 1999, was caused by the reactivation of fault segments that belong to NAFZ. Field research was focused on fault geometry and slip characteristics, and allowed us to distinguish seven successive right-stepping reactivated segments and the related oversteps. Investigations showed that there is good match between the observed structures and those produced by experimental modelling. Finally, an estimation is made as to the percentage of seismic and aseismic slip on the reactivated segment of the fault zone
Paleoseismological investigations along the Kera fault zone, Western Crete: implications for seismic hazard assessment
Authors: MOUSLOPOULOU V. , ANDREOU C. , ATAKAN Κ. , FOUNTOULIS I.
Published: July 2018

The island of Crete is the principal landmass in the Aegean arc system. Collision of the Euroasian plate in the north and the African plate in the south gives rise to the subduction related deformation along the Hellenic arc. As a result of the complex deformation, the area is characterized by high seismic activity. Paleoseismic investigations performed along the Kera fault scarp, which is part of a N-S oriented fault system along the Spatha peninsula (NW-Crete), show clear evidence of repeated normal faulting events. Five distinct episodes of faulting are observed. The first two are probably of Middle-Miocene or younger age representing older tectonic episodes, whereas the last three indicate co-seismic displacements most likely during the Pleistocene and Holocene. This is in good agreement with the previous estimates of Holocene average slip rate and the recurrence time estimate of large earthquakes in the order of ca. lmm/yr and 3000yrs, respectively. The Kera fault represents a NE-SW oriented bend in a N-S fault system and therefore has a minor left-lateral strike-slip component. During the 1980's at least three earthquakes could be associated with the Kera fault. More recently, in 1999, there were three small (with magnitudes between 3.0-4.5) offshore events that are probably associated with the same fault system in the offshore extension (to the north) of the N-S oriented faults along the Spatha peninsula. The existence of these earthquakes as well as the recent paleoseismic results clearly demonstrates the need of revising the seismic hazard assessment of the area. The length of the N-S oriented fault system, where the Kera fault represents the middle segment, reaches to a total of 30 km., and is capable of generating an earthquake of magnitude in the range 6.0-6.7. Such a (shallow) earthquake occurring at a short distance to the densely populated north-western coast of Crete is likely to have significant consequences.
Historical earthquakes and tsunamis of the South Ionian Sea occurring from 1591 to 1837
Authors: PAPADOPOULOS G. A. , PLESSA A.
Published: July 2018

We improve the historical earthquake catalogue of the south Ionian Sea by critically reviewing twelve earthquake events occurring in the time interval 1591-1837. For some of them we complete historical information while for others we present information not taken into account in previous seismological studies. The procedure of réévaluation concluded with significant results. For example, the 5 May 1622 earthquake in Zakynthos , considered so far as a large destructive event, proved to have been only a felt event without any destructive effects, while the strong shocks of 21 August 1591 and 28 October 1766 (O.S.) are new events in the seismological literature. Tsunami phenomena reported in association with particular earthquakes also were reevaluated. It is shown that the large earthquake of 29 December 1820 in Zakynthos was not followed by a destructive tsunami flooding, as thought by previous authors, while evidence is presented that the sea-wave reportedly occurring in the Corinth Gulf in association with an aftershock of the above earthquake on 6 January 1821 very likely was not a tsunami but a storm surge that attacked the coast of Patras. The results obtained are of importance for the seismic and tsunami hazards assessment in the Ionian Sea.
The Athens 1999 mainshock (Mw=5.9)and the evolution of its aftershock sequence
Authors: PAPAZACHOS C. B. , KARAKOSTAS B. G. , KARAKAISIS G. F. , PAPAIOANNOU CH. A.
Published: July 2018

The spatial distribution of the aftershocks that followed the September 1999 mainshock (Mw=5.9), which caused severe damage and loss of life in the nearby city of Athens, is examined in the present work. Ρ and S arrivals of seismic waves recorded by the permanent seismic network as well as by a number of digital seismographs and accelerographs, which had been deployed in the broader epicentral area shortly after the mainshock occurrence, were used for the determination of the focal parameters of the mainshock and its aftershocks. The spatial distribution of the aftershocks led to the recognition of the fault, which produced the September mainshock, while certain features of the rupture process may be deduced on the basis of their spatiotemporal variation
The Markov model as a pattern for earthquakes recurrence in South America
Authors: TSAPANOS T. M.
Published: July 2018

The well known stochastic model of the Markov chains is applied in south America, in order to search for pattern of great earthquakes recurrence. The model defines a process in which successive state occupancies are governed by the transition probabilities pij, of the Markov process and are presented as a transition matrix say P, which has NxN dimensions. We considered as states in the present study the predefined seismic zones of south America. Thus the visits from zone to zone, which is from state to state, carry with them the number of the zone in which they occurred. If these visits are considered to be earthquake occurrences we can inspect their migration between the zones (states) and estimate their genesis in a statistical way, through the transition probabilities. Attention is given in zones where very large earthquakes with Ms>7.8 have occurred. A pattern is revealed which is suggested migration of these large shocks from south towards north. The use of Monte Carlo simulation verify the defined pattern.
Single-site magnetotelluric response functions using b-robust w-estimators, with an application to earthquake prediction research
Authors: TZANIS A.
Published: July 2018

The accumulation of stress and strain is known to induce changes in the electrical properties of rocks, which can be monitored for signs of earthquake preparation processes. To this effect, the Magnetotelluric sounding method presents some unique advantages. However, single-site MT data are notoriously susceptible to natural or anthropogenic time-varying coherent noise, which may severely bias the response function estimators and degrade their repeatability, unless treated with dedicated processing techniques. Such a technique is presented herein, involving the W-estimator with random error weighting, followed by an iterative robustification scheme based on an influence function approach. The algorithm is demonstrated on a set of severely distorted data exhibiting a marginal distribution of outliers, and is shown to effectively reduce the bias errors and the variance. It is also applied to the long-term monitoring of crustal resistivity with MT response functions at a noisy site located near Aerino village, SE Thessaly, Greece, achieving a sustainable repeatability threshold of 10-20% and faring very well with respect to the data quoted from the international literature.
An Invitation to Quantum Channels
Authors: Jagadish Vinayak , Petruccione Francesco
Published: July 2018

Open quantum systems have become an active area of research, owing to its potential applications in many different fields ranging from computation to biology. Here, we review the formalism of dynamical maps used to represent the time evolution of open quantum systems and discuss the various representations and properties of the same, with many examples.Quanta 2018; 7: 54–67.
A case study of a patient with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Cornish Ruth
Published: July 2018

In this case study, a nurse presents her reflections on the challenges of supporting a patient through his treatment journey for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. The patient has significant comorbidities and social issues, such as diabetes and homelessness. There was also a language barrier. All these aspects made the management of his treatment challenging. The medication side effects and his lifestyle were also a barrier to full engagement. The same multidisciplinary team was involved with the patient and, despite the obstacles, he seemed willing to engage with treatment and the team.
From staff nurse to nurse consultant: Continuing professional development part 4: Problem solving
Authors: Fowler John
Published: July 2018

John Fowler Educational Consultant, explores CPD for clinically based nurses, looking at the skill of problem solving
The Care Quality Commission reveals that inpatient care is improving
Authors: Glasper Alan
Published: July 2018

Emeritus Professor Alan Glasper, from the University of Southampton, discusses a recent inpatient survey, which reveals some improvements in people's experiences but also some concerns around inequalities
A patient-sized gap to fill
Authors: Nobbs Alan
Published: July 2018

Alan Nobbs, Senior Programme Lead, NHS Leadership Academy, reflects on how moving from hands-on nursing to a strategic role left him with feelings of loss, but he now gains equal satisfaction from motivating colleagues
Medical device classification: focus on vascular access
Authors: Kelly Linda J , Jones Tracey
Published: July 2018

Developments in the medical device industry are driven by a rapidly changing healthcare arena in combination with advances in technological fields such as materials science, bio-engineering and electronics. Subsequently, it is now estimated that over 500 000 different types of medical devices are produced globally. This article aims to give a simple explanation of device classification as it relates to vascular access devices. It aims to provide the reader with information to increase their knowledge and understanding of this topic.
Reducing competition stress
Authors: Short Emma
Published: July 2018

Emma Short BSc (Hons) Nutritionist at Baileys Horse Feeds, looks at the influence of management and feeding strategies on performance
Lenin's Misreading of Marx's Critique of the Gotha Programme
Authors: Nick Rogers
Published: July 2018

Lenin's The State and Revolution, written in 1917 on the eve of the October Revolution, introduced into Marxist theory the concept of socialism and communism as two different forms of post-capitalist society defined by the distinct ways in which they distribute consumer goods. Socialism would distribute consumer goods on the basis of the amount of work citizens undertook and retain a state. Only communism would see the completion of the state's “withering away” and distribution “according to need.” This is a conceptual framework that, in the twentieth century, was abused to justify Stalinist practice. Lenin based his theoretical innovation on Marx's discussion in the Critique of the Gotha Programme of two “phases” of “communist society.” In fact there is no basis for Lenin's schema in the writings of Marx. A careful reading of Capital, in particular, demonstrates that Marx wrote no blueprints for how the future society should be organized. He only predicted that it would evolve. For Marx, the state is a political institution that begins to dissolve as soon as the workers seize political power and will not outlast class society.
The Mass-Line, 1917 to 1989: Chinese Experience
Authors: Robert H. Emerton
Published: July 2018

The article explores the tangled relationship between activism and state power in China, post-1917, exploring how it sheds light on a perennial problem in radical thought: namely, how universal prescriptions and structures of power relate to localized instances of activism. Grassroots mobilization and community-building has been held up as a solution that keeps revolution “revolutionary” by reforming social relations and personal conduct. By making all politics mass-politics, Chinese Maoists hoped to prevent a slide into a repressive social order. However, the “mass-line” achieved the opposite end and created a hollowed-out politics through reactionary violence. In the post-1989 era, new articulations of state power and activism encourage reflection on changing material conditions and how they affect the possibility of mass-politics and class consciousness.
EKLIPSE: engaging knowledge holders and networks for evidence-informed European policy on biodiversity and ecosystem services
Authors: Watt Allan , Ainsworth Gill , Balian Estelle , Cojocaru George , Darbi Marianne , Dicks Lynn , Eggermont Hilde , Furman Eeva , Goudeseune Lise , Huybrecht Pierre , Kelemen Eszter , Koch Florian , Konstantinou Zoi , Livoreil Barbara , Locher Karla , Lux Alexandra , Mehring Marion , Nesshoever Carsten , Paloniemi Riikka , Saarikoski Heli , Pinto Isabel Sousa , Vandewalle Marie , Varjopuro Riku , Varumo Liisa , Wittmer Heidi , Young Juliette
Published: July 2018

The aim of EKLIPSE is to develop a mechanism to inform European-scale policy on biodiversity and related environmental challenges. This paper considers two fundamental aspects of the decision-support mechanism being developed by EKLIPSE: 1) the engagement of relevant actors from science, policy and society to jointly identify evidence for decision making; and 2) the networking of scientists and other holders of knowledge on biodiversity and other relevant evidence. The mechanism being developed has the potential not only to build communities of knowledge holders but to build informal networks among those with similar interests in evidence, be they those that seek to use evidence or those who are building evidence, or both. EKLIPSE has been successful in linking these people and in contributing to building informal networks of requesters of evidence, and experts of evidence and its synthesis. We have yet to see, however, significant engagement of formal networks of knowledge holders. Future success, however, relies on the continued involvement with and engagement of networks, a high degree of transparency within the processes and a high flexibility of structures to adapt to different requirements that arise with the broad range of requests to and activities of EKLIPSE.
KAJIAN ETNOBOTANI RAMUAN PASCA MELAHIRKAN PADA MASYARAKAT ENGGANO
Authors: Royyani Mohammad Fathi , Lestari Vera Budi , Agusta Andria , Efendy Oscar
Published: July 2018

This research was aimed to discover the traditional knowledge of Enggano people when using plants as concoction after giving birth. Data was collected through in depth interview, open-ended, and literature studies. The results showed that Enggano people used specific plants as concoction in childbirth process. There were two types of the concoction. The first was used after giving birth to 40 days, jarak pagar or tiarak (Jatropha curcas L.). The second was used after 40 days to 60 days or after recovery, such as dukung anak (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.), kumis kucing (Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.), temu lawak (Curcuma xanthoriza Roxb.), alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica (L) P. Beauv.), banana (Musa sp.), kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.), turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), and ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). Results from our literature studies confirmed the efficacy of plants used by Enggano people is scientifically acceptable. Further study on phytochemical aspects of these medicial plants is therefore required to be carried out.
KEANEKARAGAMAN, PERSEBARAN DAN POLA TATA RUANG TUMBUHAN EPIFIT PADA HUTAN BEKAS TEBANGAN DI KIYU, PEGUNUNGAN MERATUS, KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Sadili Asep , Royyani Mohammad Fathi
Published: July 2018

A quantitative study of epiphytic plants was conducted at the logged over forest in Kiyu, Meratus Mountain, Hulu Sungai Tengah, South Kalimantan. This study used a plot of 10 m x 500 m (± 0,5 ha), and divided into 50 subplot of 10 m x 10 m. The results showed that there were nine species of six genera from three families of epiphytic plants found within the studied plot, with A grostophyllum bicuspidatum as the dominant species. The diversity index (H’) was of 1,85. The diversity of epiphytic plant in these plots was well represented based on the results of analysis of species area curve. Spatial distribution pattern of all epiphytic species was homogeneus, except for A. bicuspidatum. The number of epiphytic host plants observed was 22 individuals from six species of six genera, and five families, with Saurauia nudiflora (Acthiniaceae) was the dominant host plant.