bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
USA export control system for dual-use products
Authors:   Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations of Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO RAS), Moscow, Kirichenko E.V.
Published: March 2023

Export control — the permissive and prohibitive (licensing) procedure for carrying out foreign economic operations in relation to certain goods and technologies — occupies an important place in both the foreign economic and foreign policy of the United States. The analysis of the export control regime over dual-use products deserves special attention. The United States considers technological leadership as the basis of national security and an essential component of maintaining national competitiveness. It was in this area that the main changes took place throughout the post-war period. Currently, the development of this regime is undergoing another tightening cycle. The article analyzes the evolution of priorities and legislation of the American policy of control over the export of dual-use items, examines the transformation of the system of rules in this area in the light of new US approaches to national and international security issues, the actualization of foreign policy objectives. It is considered how the specifics of the regime allows the United States to widely use it as sanctions.
Timor reverentialis. Nella lingua della scolastica
Authors: Quinto Riccardo
Published: March 2023

The oldest contexts in which we found the adjectiv reuerentialis show it in his correlation with timor, in some scholastic theological texts written about 1250. The idiom is used cheafly in phrases which refer the opinions of unidentified other scholars (quidam autem addunt...). Nevertheless, the syntagma timor reuerentialis should be cancelled from Thomas Aquinas’ Quaestio disputata de spe (De virtut. in comm. q. 4, a. 4, ad 2um), in wich it occours as an hapax legomenon. Reuerentalis will be used more often only later, when the fear of God will be commonly classified in seven parts, rather than in the traditional thomistic division. Such an habit is testified by the Collecta ex distinctionibus prepositini (clm. 4784), a text of the late 14th century, in which one must not see anymore the influence of Prepositinus of Cremona, Chancellor of Paris (1205-1210).
Une nouvelle hypothèse sur les deux recensions des Synonyma d’Isidore de Séville : quelques remarques critiques
Authors: Elfassi Jacques
Published: March 2023

Answer to José Carlos Martín, review of : Isidori Hispalensis episcopi Synonyma, ed. J. Elfassi, Turnhout, 2009 (CCSL, 111B), Archivum Latinitatis Medii Aevi, 68, 2010, p. 368-371, who suggests a different interpretation of the relation between both recensions of the Synonyma : anteriority of Λ, of which Φ would be a version corrected by Isidore. The argumentation rests on the nature of the variants (of author according to JCM, of copyist according to JE), their value (opposition between classical [Λ] and no classical [Φ] by JCM, which is contested by JE), their systematicity and quality (what JCM describes as “ corrections” of Φ is believed by JE to be limited and incoherent), and the connection with the sources (to which, in JE’s opinion, Φ is sometimes closer than Λ).
Notas léxicas altomedievales. 1. Un empleo inusitado del adjetivo purus, a, um. 2. Un nuevo testimonio del verbo purare
Authors: Ferraces Rodríguez Arsenio
Published: March 2023

Two medical recipes, unpublished so far, attest new meanings for two words : purus, a, um, used as a qualifier for a person who performs an action all by himself (in other words, purus is employed here as a synonym of solus) ; and a novel use of purare, a verb known hitherto only from Festus, where, however, its meaning differs from that found in our recipe. The two passages, both from the early middle ages, are printed together with the sources they are based on, and this allows us to understand the meaning of the two words as precisely as possible.
Technical terms in British Medieval Latin and some European links
Authors: White Carolinne
Published: March 2023

This paper looks at the range of sources for Latin technical terms and poses the question of whether some Latin technical terms were more likely to cross national boundaries during the Middle Ages, observing that these questions can only be properly answered when all the national dictionaries are complete. The paper then focuses on British Medieval Latin writers, their attempts to transmit technical terms and neologisms to specialists or non-specialists, and the difficulties they faced.
Jägerlatein und lateinische Jägersprach
Authors: Giese Martina
Published: March 2023

The technical terminology of hunting is often incomprehensible for the uninitiated. Due to that the special language of hunters is called «Jägerlatein» in German. This term has no equivalent in most of other modern languages. The same term «Jägerlatein» is used to describe implausible stories about hunting experiences. In this article both meanings of the term are analysed from an historical pespective and set in correlation with the medieval latin vocabulary of the hunt.
Léxico político latino del reino de león (s. VIII-1230) : consul y proconsul
Authors: Pérez rodríguez Estrella
Published: March 2023

Cet article discute l’usage de deux mots provenant du latin classique, consul et proconsul(ainsi que leur dérivés consularis et consulatus), dans le corpus des textes du royaume d’Asturies et Léon (VIIIe siècle -a. 1230). A cette époque, bien qu’ils désignent encore des offices politiques, leur signification a évidemment changé. L’analyse des témoins permet de reconnaître que dans les diplômes ils signifient tous les deux «comte» (et sont synonymes de comes) et dans quelques chroniques aussi «préfet» , et qu’ils sont employés avec un but stylistique pour donner aux textes un caractère plus classique et érudit.
Possessio. Un viaggio storico-lessicale nel mondo della proprietà terriera medievale della Transilvania
Authors: Rus Vasile
Published: March 2023

Lo studio consiste in due parti : una prima parte più teorica ed una seconda che sviluppa un’analisi glossematica della voce possessio. Nella prima parte si cerca la definizione del termine glossae, nel senso moderno di parole con una forma ed un significato particolari, che hanno bisogno di una certa spiegazione. Su questa definizione si appoggia anche il Glossarium Mediae Latinitatis Actorum Historia Transsylvaniae Illustrantium, qui oggetto di studio. In questo senso va anche l’analisi condotta sulla voce possessio, che necessita qui una spiegazione storico-lessicale approfondita. Lo schema, cui si perviene alla fine dello studio, mostra le differenti declinazioni storico-linguistiche che il termine ha sviluppato nel corso della storia della proprietà terriera della Transilvania medievale.
Latein als Sprache der mittelalterlichen Schriften über Wettervorhersage
Authors: Kocánová Barbora
Published: March 2023

In dem Aufsatz wird das Lateinische als Sprache der mittelalterlichen Schriften über Wettervorhersage vorgestellt. Wir begegnen in diesen Quellen verschiedenen Methoden unterschiedlicher Herkunft, daher rührt auch die interessante Mischung astrologischer und meteorologischer Termini.
Glossen und Scholien zu Sallusts Monographien Catilina und Iugurtha in einer Handschrift des 11. Jahrhunderts aus der Bibliothek des Klosters St. Emmeram in Regensburg (seconde partie : Edition)
Authors: Bohny C. Lukas
Published: March 2023

Medieval commentaries of classic latin texts are to a large degree still not accessible through critical editions. This is particularly the case with commentaries to the works of Sallust the number of which increases significantly starting with the XIth century in the French and German cultural area. The present edition concerns manuscript Clm 14477 which originated in the library of Saint Emmeram Abbey in Regensburg and today is in the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek in Munich. The manuscript contains in the first part besides the two texts by Sallust – Catilina and Jugurtha – an accessus for both followed by an incomplete commentary and also a short vita. These commentaries are considered the earliest evidence of the so-called Anonymus Monacensis B. The edition contains as well the commentaries as the following glosses and scholiast and is preceded by a detailed palaeographical examination.
Diffusion et réception du Somnium morale pharaonis de Jean de Limoges : pour une meilleure connaissance des pratiques dictaminales
Authors: Nicolas Michel
Published: March 2023

This study tries to demonstrate the incredible diffusion of John of Limoges’s manuscript of the Somnium morale pharaonis, diffusion until now widely unknown by the research world. By a systematic study of the manuscript corpus, rich in 86 codices, this article underlines the plurality in practices of John’s work, with a particular focus on the relation that unites the Somnium with the ars dictaminis field. Far from being restricted to a single use, John’s work shines by its typological plasticity, as demonstrated by the study of the textual collections in which it fits. The analysis of the diffusion environment, combined with the codicological clues, also underlines the deep anchorage of the text within university environments.
La lingua nei documenti pugliesi dei secoli X-XII : una movimentata continuità
Authors: Cordasco Pasquale
Published: March 2023

Il contributo analizza la lingua dei documenti notarili pugliesi datati tra il X ed il XII secolo. Le fonti sono redatte in latino, ma non si può parlare di una assoluta continuità in quanto esse registrano le consuete modificazioni fonetiche, morfologiche, sintattiche. Ma, ciò che più conta, dopo una prima fase in cui nei documenti figurano numerose espressioni estranee alla lingua classica, spesso di derivazione greca e talora orientate verso esiti “ moderni”, a partire dal xii secolo emerge con chiarezza un deciso ritorno a forme e costrutti linguisticamente corretti in conseguenza dei sempre più elevati livelli della formazione culturale e professionale dei notai che provvedevano alla stesura delle chartae.
Les « proto-accessus » carolingiens sur Juvénal : formation et diffusion
Authors: Duplessis Frédéric
Published: March 2023

Dans les manuscrits de Juvénal copiés entre la fin du IXe siècle et la fin du XIe siècle, les Satires sont fréquemment accompagnées d’un ensemble introductif formé d’une ou de plusieurs vies de Juvénal et de quelques scholies (pouvant porter sur les termes «Decimus», «Iunius», «Satyra», «Histrio», «Tragoedia», «Comoedia»). La première partie de cet article étudie la composition et les variantes textuelles de ces proto-accessus carolingiens sur Juvénal et met en lumière l’existence de trois grandes familles. La seconde partie est consacrée à l’étude de la diffusion et des sources de ces proto-accessus. Elle replace l’apparition de ces trois familles d’accessus au sein de l’histoire de la réception médiévale de Juvénal en soulignant l’importance du rôle joué par Heiric d’Auxerre et son disciple Remi d’Auxerre dans la constitution de ces proto-accessus. En annexe, sont édités à partir de dix-huit témoins les trois proto-accessus sur Juvénal, les gloses sur les Vitae Iuuenalis et les variantes significatives des Vitae Iuuenalis présentes dans ces accessus.
Prisutnost župa Splitsko-makarske nadbiskupije u virtualnom prostoru u vrijeme lockdowna
Authors: Jeličić Ana , Bitanga Kristina
Published: March 2023

Svako novo komunikacijsko sredstvo oblikuje novu komunikacijskuparadigmu zbog čega Katolička Crkva otvoreno, ali s oprezom,prihvaća svako „čudesno iznašašće tehnike” i iskorištavanjegovu snagu i potencijale kako bi vršila, jačala i unaprjeđivalasvoje apostolsko djelovanje. Danas, u vrijeme epidemije koronavirusaona je mnoga obavijesna sredstva pretvorila u „suvremenepropovjedaonice”. Ovaj rad donosi rezultate istraživanja i odgovorna pitanje kako su reagirale pojedine župe u Splitsko-makarskojnadbiskupiji u vrijeme mjere lockdowna, odnosno jesu li župniciotvorili crkvu u virtualnom prostoru. Osim toga, pregledom odabranihpovijesnih dokumenata i kratkom analizom pokušalo se pokazatida su oni svakako imali dobro uporište i razlog da se otvorenovim komunikacijskim tehnologijama u vrijeme epidemije. Naime,brojni crkveni dokumenti, oni koji datiraju od II. vatikanskog koncilapa do najnovije poruke pape Franje povodom Svjetskog danadruštvenih komunikacija, zaređene osobe i vjernike laike medijskisu opismenjivali i kontinuirano poticali da iskoriste to „divnooruđe” za novo iskustvo zajedništva, dijeljenja, slavlja i evangelizacije.Za istraživanje su korištene metode analize sadržaja i komparacije.Podatci su preuzeti iz Tiskovnog ureda Splitsko-makarskenadbiskupije te s internetskih stranica i društvenih mreža svakeod župa Nadbiskupije. Potom su sumirani i analizirani te se komparacijskommetodom došlo do traženih rezultata.
Djelovanje laika u Crkvi - primjer Varaždinske biskupije
Authors: Ćavar Klara , Radić Ivica
Published: March 2023

U članku autori obrađuju pravni položaj vjernika laika u važećem Zakoniku iz 1983. Prikazan je razvoj misli o ulozi, identitetu i položaju vjernika laika u Crkvi, kao i njihovu sudjelovanja u Kristovoj svećeničkoj, proročkoj i kraljevskoj službi. Naglasak je stavljen na kanonske odredbe koje se bave pravima i dužnostima vjernika laika, odnosno njihovu sudjelovanju u poslanju Crkve. U literaturi je zamjetan nedostatak radova koji sadržavaju istraživanja o uključenosti laika u službama Crkve. Stoga su autori proveli istraživanje iz kojeg proizlaze konkretni i objektivni pokazatelji o djelovanju vjernika laika u pojedinim službama na području Varaždinske biskupije. Temeljni cilj rada bio je dati uvid u djelovanje vjernika laika u konkretnim službama, prikazati njihovu strukturu, učinkovitost djelovanja te pridonijeti stvaranju veće svijesti o potrebi uključivanja vjernika laika u postojeće službe unutar Crkve.
Spoznaja i težnja u filozofskoj antropologiji Tome Akvinskoga
Authors: Poljak Maja , Vuković Neda
Published: March 2023

Cilj je ovog članka ponuditi pregled dijela Tomine antropologije u kojem on razmatra dvije vrste moći koje nalazimo kod čovjeka: spoznajne moći i moći težnje. Spoznajne moći kao i moći težnje Toma dijeli na osjetilne i razumske, te ih razlikuje s obzirom na njihove objekte i načine aktualizacije. U prvom dijelu članka promatramo odnos duše i njezinih moći, postavljamo pitanje kako se moći međusobno razlikuju, te može li se bit duše svesti na neku od njezinih moći. Nakon toga prelazimo na spoznaju koju Toma dijeli na osjetilnu i razumsku. Jedno od pitanja koje nam se nužno postavlja jest pitanje uzroka podjele spoznaje na spomenute dvije vrste. Zadnja je tema vezana za osjetilnu i razumsku težnju,njihovu međusobnu razliku i činjenicu da je čovjek kao razumsko biće, za razliku od životinja, slobodno biće.
Dermatite atópica: aspectos etiopatogênicos, métodos diagnósticos e condutas terapêuticas
Authors: Monteiro Laís Nogueira , Scheffler Adrieli Valdira , Rocha Luciana do Prado , Conte Anna Maíra Massad , Barbosa Christina Santos , De Menezes Emanuele Aluize , Fiorese Gabriela Sartor , Barcaro Karenn Parreiras Pires , Schiochet Maria Paula Agacy , Velucci Fernanda Vicente
Published: March 2023

A dermatite atópica (DA) caracteriza-se por uma doença cutânea crônica, pruriginosa e inflamatória que ocorre, mais frequentemente, em crianças, apesar de também afetar adultos, a qual afeta significativamente o bem-estar e a qualidade de vida dos portadores. Etiologicamente, sabe-se que a DA é multifatorial e está relacionada com fatores genéticos, ambientais, epigenéticos, hormonais, entre outros. Em virtude da sua variedade etiológica, a epidemiologia é variada e a incidência depende de diversos fatores. Contudo, sabe-se que consiste em uma patologia presente em cerca de 20% das crianças em todo o mundo e possui prevalência de 10% em adultos. A patogênese ainda carece de esclarecimentos, mas está relacionada a defeitos na barreira epidérmica, resposta imune alterada e interrupção do equilíbrio microbiano. As manifestações clínicas decorrentes da DA são muito amplas, sendo o prurido e a pele, caracteristicamente, sensível e seca as mais comuns. No que tange ao diagnóstico, este é, frequentemente, clínico, baseado na história de evolução e características clínicas das lesões, o que pode ser avaliado por alguns critérios. A análise histopatológica é sugestiva e varia com o estágio agudo ou crônico da lesão biopsiada. Alguns exames complementares podem ser úteis, como o nível sérico de IgE, o qual costuma se apresentar elevado na maioria dos pacientes. O manejo terapêutico é imprescindível, a fim de evitar evolução do quadro e piora substancial na qualidade de vida. Inicialmente, vale ressaltar os cuidados gerais, como evitar contato com alérgenos ou rotina de banhos muito quentes. Ademais, pode-se utilizar o tratamento farmacológico, com medicações tópicas ou sistêmicas, nos casos mais graves, sendo que o uso dos emolientes ainda constitui a base do tratamento. Por fim, sendo a DA uma doença multifatorial, o seu tratamento necessita de uma abordagem multidisciplinar, a qual demonstra resultados promissores e eficazes.
Bronquiolite viral: aspectos epidemiológicos, fisiopatológicos e manejo terapêutico
Authors: De Souza e Silva Luísa Lima , Soares Laura Pifano , Xavier Ana Flávia Vieira , Brandão Marina Mendes , Simões Sarinny Camargos , Chaves Letícia Pereira , Watanabe Lucca D' Heronville , De Macedo André Gustavo Ferreira , Araújo Neto Francisco da Costa , Nascimento Francis Henrique
Published: March 2023

A Bronquiolite Viral (BV) é uma condição aguda que afeta o trato respiratório inferior. Especialmente comum durante os meses mais frios do outono e inverno, a BV é uma das principais causas de hospitalização em crianças. O Vírus Sincicial Respiratório (VSR) é frequentemente associado à BV e pode levar a complicações graves em bebês, incluindo letargia, febre, inapetência, otite média, entre outras. Na maioria dos casos, em lactentes, a doença se apresenta de forma leve e pode ser resolvida em algumas semanas. O diagnóstico da BV pode ser realizado clinicamente, com exames adicionais usados ​​para avaliar possíveis complicações. Os critérios de internação incluem baixos níveis de saturação de oxigênio, sinais de desconforto respiratório moderado a grave, apneia e desidratação. O tratamento geralmente envolve medidas de suporte, garantindo uma oxigenação adequada, uma melhora da respiração e também atendendo as necessidades de fluidos e nutrição das crianças. Todavia, ainda existe uma grande necessidade de novos estudos a respeito da BV, objetivando-se sanar as lacunas do conhecimento evidenciadas no presente artigo.
Análise da situação vacinal infantil em Mato Grosso do Sul no período de 2016 a 2021
Authors: Da Costa Luís Sérgio Lellis , Santos Mayane Magalhães , Figueira Maura Cristiane e Silva , França Júlio Ricardo , De Carvalho Ana Karolina de Araújo , Caxias Giziely Brandão , De Moraes Thailine Martins Rodrigues , Ribeiro Karina Angélica Alvarenga
Published: March 2023

Introdução: Vacinação é o método mais eficaz para prevenir doenças imunopreveníveis. Através do programa de plano de imunização nacional (PNI), o Brasil foi capaz de erradicar várias doenças endêmicas, tais como: poliomielite, febre amarela e sarampo. Entretanto, segundo estatísticas públicas apuradas pelo setor de informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS) relata-se que as oito vacinas estipuladas pelo PNI até o primeiro ano de vida encontram-se abaixo de 90 a 95% da cobertura vacinal. Objetivo: descrever e analisar a situação vacinal infantil no primeiro ano de vida no Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) dentre 2016 a 2021, incluindo macrorregiões do estado; Campo Grande, Dourados, Três Lagoas, Corumbá. Comparando os dados gerados pela pesquisa em demais estudos na mesma área, elencar ações de educação em saúde produzidas como estratégias de vacinação infantil. Metodologia: estudo quantitativo de banco de dados públicos fornecidos pelo DATASUS, com objetivo de expor as coberturas vacinais infantis dos imunizantes obrigatórios as nascer até os 12 meses de idade. Resultados e discussão: ao decorrer de 6 anos, dentre 2016 a 2021, gradualmente as coberturas vacinais entraram em decaimento, pois a meta preconizada pela PNI acima de 95% não foi atingida por nenhum imunizante em 2020 e 2021 em MS. Conclusão: De fato, o Mato Grosso do Sul encontra-se no pior cenário, referente a vacinação infantil dentre os últimos anos. Importante ressaltar que a vacinação já vinha manifestando-se perante a seu declínio, os fatores associados à sua queda são conhecimento diversos, e abrangentes.
Efecto de la frecuencia alimenticia y tipo de alimento en Tityus asthenes Pocock, 1893 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) en cautiverio
Authors: Youngs-Mitre Miguel A. , Santos-Murgas Alonso , Añino Yostin J. , Cambra Roberto A. , Acosta Hildaura
Published: March 2023

Información sobre la cría de escorpiones en cautiverio es escasa, por lo que no se conoce adecuadamente el procedimiento para la mantención de estos artrópodos en condiciones de captividad. Esta investigación busca conocer el efecto que provoca variar los tipos de alimentos y frecuencias alimenticias en Tityus asthenes. Se utilizaron cinco tipos de alimentos conformados por insectos vivos y cuatro frecuencias alimenticias diferentes. El resultado muestra que una dieta insectil mixta y otra conformada exclusivamente por la cucaracha Shelfordella lateralis, además de frecuencias de una y dos veces por semana generan un mayor crecimiento y peso en los escorpiones evaluados.
A new species of Chrysobothris (s. str.) Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) from northwestern Peru
Authors: Juárez-Noé Gino , González-Coronado Uzbekia
Published: March 2023

Chrysobothris (Chrysobothris) fallax sp. nov., collected from dry ecosystems of northwestern Peru is described and illustrated. The species has been confused with Chrysobothris (C.) acutipennis Chevrolat from which it can be distinguished by the form of the tooth on the profemora and the male genitalia. Comments on its ecology and distribution in the country are provided.
O MOVIMENTO DOUTRINÁRIO E RELIGIOSO VALE DO AMANHECER COMO IMPORTANTE ATRATIVO TURISTICO DA REGIÃO ADMINISTRATIVA DE PLANALTINA E BRASÍLIA-DF
Authors: KALINE VIEIRA SANTOS JESSICA
Published: March 2023

This article seeks to briefly articulate questions and problematizations about the importance of the Doctrinal and Religious Moviment Vale do Amanhecer (Dawn Valley) for the economic development of the Planaltina city and for the development of the religious tourism in the Rota da Paz (Peace Route), route designed by Brasilia's Tourism Secretary. The Vale do Amanhecer (Dawn Valley), which was institutionalized in 1969 in the administrative region of Brasília receives a significant number of visitors every year. The movement that settled in an area far from the city of Planaltina, currently has a community of approximately 25,000 people. The community's economy seems to be interconnected with the presence of the movement in the region, which directly affects the local dynamics. In this sense, Vale do Amanhecer has a double importance for the administrative region of Brasília, it works as an important religious attraction for the development of Tourism in the federal capital, and in this sense, it plays an important role in the development of the local economy of the community in which it is installed
ANÁLISE CRÍTICA DOS IMPACTOS DA LEI 11.343/06 NOS RUMOS DO ENCARCERAMENTO NO BRASIL
Authors: CAETANO BITTENCOURT PIZZANI RIBEIRO DE ANDRADE MARCELO
Published: March 2023

The Drug Law currently in force in Brazil, dated 2006, brought important differences between the legal dealings that should be used with drug users and spies who trade with them. The legislation in force, however, receives criticism for granting a certain degree of discretion to legal operators to make such a distinction, and is identified as one of the determining factors for the large increase in incarceration rates that Brazil has been experiencing in recent decades. This article intends to analyze statistical data regarding the prison population and analyze them in the light of Law nº 11.343/06; in addition to analyzing the points of distinction between the Drug Law in force and the old one, as well as the markers of race and gender in the application of this legislation.
SELF-DESCRIPTION OF URBAN IDENTITY IN CAPITAL CITIES OF REPUBLICS IN THE STRUCTURE OF RUSSIA: EXPERIENCE OF THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Bogatova O.A.
Published: March 2023

The article summarizes the results of the research project realized in 2020-2022 and devoted to studying the specificity of capital identity of administrative centers of republics in the structure of the Russian Federation and mechanisms of their formation. In the context of modern sociological approaches to the urban community and local identity, the author problematizes the concept of urban identity and on the basis of a comparative analysis of the mass social survey in Izhevsk and Saransk characterizes features concerning stable and “liquid” urban identity; factors of their formation are given as well. The basic components of social identity of capitals of two republics are revealed, the degree of capital city consistence identity is estimated. A comparative analysis of the given quantitative researches in Izhevsk and Saransk shows variability of the maintenance of various components of capital identity in republics and their parities. It is possible to conclude that Izhevsk is characterized by a high degree of the capital identity consistence based on harmonization of traditional industrial self-identification of the city and loyalty in relation to republic. At the level of cultural and symbolic representations, Izhevsk identity includes self-identification with objects, persons and events connected with the development of the defense industry, including its architectural heritage. At the level of social practices, the industrial character of institutional components of Izhevsk identity is expressed in the industrial identification («the capital of Russian armourers») and the definition of Udmurtia as an industrial region, in the assessment of the city as medium-developed in comparison with the nearest million cities. Unlike Izhevsk, which has preserved its pre-revolutionary industrial city identity and integrated into the new economy, Saransk as the administrative centre of the Republic of Mordovia shows an example of a trajectory of formation of social identity of the republican capital city mainly on the basis of an administrative resource and domination of the centre-peripheral component of capital identity at low estimation of the level of city development and self-identification as “province” in relation to larger regional centers.
"SISI DOCTRINE”: EGYPT AND THE GREAT POWERS AFTER THE “ARAB SPRING”. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CAIRO’S RELATIONS WITH WASHINGTON, BEIJING AND MOSCOW
Authors: Surkov N.Yu.
Published: March 2023

The foreign policy of Egypt changed significantly since the "Arab Spring". At the regional level, Cairo had to respond to numerous challenges and threats, and at the global level – to pursue a policy of diversification in order to compensate for the partial weakening of ties with the United States. This article focuses on whether Egypt's rapprochement with China and Russia can become an alternative to a strategic alliance with the United States. The author aims to analyze the peculiarities of Egypt's relations with each of the mentioned great powers and to identify trends in further development of these relations. The article analyzes Egypt’s cooperation in security and economic spheres. The main conclusion is that Egypt remains interested in maintaining and developing strategic relations with the United States. However, China and Russia are playing an increasingly important role in Egypt's foreign policy strategy. The PRC is turning into a major trading partner, and Russia is a partner in the military and political spheres. It is also a key provider of food security. Comparative analysis of Egypt's relations with the United States, China and the Russian Federation shows that in the medium term Cairo will gradually move away from Washington and pursue a more balanced policy with respect to great powers.
Research on the Development of Medium-sized Cities from the Perspective of a Metropolitan Area—A Case Study of Ziyang City in the Chengdu Metropolitan Area
Authors: Liu Yue , Jiang Bo
Published: March 2023

The Chengdu metropolitan area serves as the hub of the western region’s development and the western pole of the Chengdu-Chongqing region’s twin-city economic circle. Chengdu metropolitan area is in the development stage of agglomeration as well as diffusion in rapid urbanization and economic globalization. As a medium-sized city in the Chengdu metropolitan area, Ziyang city must determine its urban function positioning in the future based on the spatial structure characteristics of the Chengdu metropolitan area for industrial and economic layout optimization as well as for the rapid and coordinated development of the entire Chengdu metropolitan area, more importantly, to maximize its benefits.
Illicit drug trafficking in the region of responsibility of the member states of the Collective Security Treaty Organization as an independent type of crime
Authors: Pustovoyt Elizaveta
Published: March 2023

Introduction. The article provides criminological characteristics of drug trafficking in the region of responsibility of the member states of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (hereinafter referred to as the Organization, the CSTO). This characteristic reflects one of the main criminological problems - constantly growing drug trafficking, the source of which is the territory of Afghanistan. It is indicated that the Organization is an important actor of international law enforcement activities that counteract the illicit trafficking of narcotic drugs of Afghan origin. The article reveals the peculiarities of drug trafficking in the region of responsibility of the CSTO member states.

Methods. The methodological basis of this study was formed by such methods as formal-logical, sociological, statistical, historical and scientific interpretation of the crime model proposed by D.A. Shestakov.

Results. According to the results of the study, the author proposes the concept of «drug crime in the region of responsibility of the CSTO member states» and indicates the danger of drug trafficking (drug crime) as a socio and legal phenomenon in this region. Based on the multilevel model of understanding crime («Shestakov funnel»), the author’s dynamic model of the «funnel» of drug crimes in this region, which consists of five levels and three trends, is proposed. The proposed model of drug crimes has a dynamic character and may vary depending on the period under review. The results of the study can also be used by law enforcement officers and scientists dealing with this issue. The identified features contribute to understanding the directions of preventive impact on the considered type of crime.
Initiation of criminal cases on tax crimes: problems and possible solutions
Authors: Serova Elena , Pushtorskaya Ekaterina
Published: March 2023

Introduction. Tax crimes, the essence of which lies in the failure of taxpayers to fulfill their obligations and pay taxes in the amounts stipulated by the legislator, are most often detected within the framework of the activities of tax authorities, which reflects the possibility of initiating this category of criminal cases at the present stage solely on the basis of materials of a tax authority. At the same time, the guarantees contained in the tax legislation to protect a conscientious taxpayer from unfounded claims of tax authorities are successfully used by unscrupulous taxpayers who deliberately evade their duties, since they provide an opportunity to actquickly to conceal the traces of criminal activity. Not all the issues related to the receipt by tax authorities of information on the illegal activities of business participants, fixation of detected traces of a crime and sending the obtained results to the investigating authorities, have been resolved in the legislation, therefore, the achievement by tax service of the necessary results when conducting tax control also needs to be supported by legal mechanisms for the effective detection of tax crimes, their documentation and transfer to the investigating authorities for the initiation of criminal prosecution of the perpetrators. The aim of the study is the need to determine the possibility of expanding the number of reasons for initiating criminal cases on tax crimesbased on the analysis of the problems of implementing the modern legislative model for initiating criminal cases and the mechanism for conducting joint inspections with law enforcement agencies.

Methods. In the course of the study, general scientific and particular scientific research methods were used: formal-logical methods (analysis, synthesis, generalization, hypotheses), comparative-legal, system structural research methods, statistical analysis method, observation, questioning, interviewing, content analysis of documents.

Results. When studying the judicial practice and statistical reporting of the Federal Tax Service of Russia, it has been concluded that it is possible for taxpayers who are aware in advance of the identified risks of tax violations, as well as the amounts and circumstances of alleged evasion, to hide the traces of a crime, withdraw property or transfer business before a criminal case is initiated. Contradictions have been identified between the main tasks of the internal affairs bodies and their powers during the inspection and after its completion. The authors have made proposals regarding the possibility of initiating criminal prosecution by the internal affairs body in the event of tax evasion on an especially large scale, presence of facts of property withdrawal or business transfer after the taxpayer is handed a tax audit report and receives all the necessary documents from the tax authority.
Methodology for studying the socio-psychological climate in teams of students of educational organisations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
Authors: Raspopin Evgeniy , Cherepanova Yana
Published: March 2023

The aim of the research is to develop a methodology for studying the socio-psychological climate in teams of students of educational organisations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

Theoretical grounds for the methodology were the ideas that the main structural elements that make up the socio-psychological climate in teams of students are: features of the organisation of educational and professional activities; features of the daily living, material and sanitary conditions in an educational organisation; nature of the relationship between students and teachers, students and officers, students’ relationships with each other; emotional and physical well-being of students; features of the organisation of extracurricular (scientific, sports and creative) activities; opportunities for meeting existential needs (in self-actualisation, self-development, etc.).

These factors form the basis of the scales of the methodology being developed. The methodology also contains an overall scale that reflects the integral level of socio-psychological climate in a team.

The points in the methodology are represented with statements and questions, asking respondents to answer them in a dichotomous way. Open-ended questions are also included to collect additional information. The processing of the results is limited to calculating the percentages of interviewees satisfied with the various aspects of the socio-psychological climate represented in separate scales of the methodology. On the basis of these data, a conclusion about the level of socio-psychological climate in the team is made. The climate can be satisfactory, unstable or unsatisfactory.

The methodology is characterised by satisfactory values of discriminativeness, internal consistency reliability, construct validity and criterion validity. The procedure for collecting and processing the results is standardised.
Social danger of crime: what to research in PhD thesis?
Authors: Beleckiy Il'ya
Published: March 2023

Relevance: The Criminal Code is supplemented with new elements of crime without taking feedback into account. Most criminal law researches are retrospective. Scientists work with normative material trying to guess what the legislator kept in mind while accepting another “novel” of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and justifying it by ex post facto. Such an approach to the content of scientific research does not contribute to the development of the science of criminal law, but in a sense encourages hasty legislative decisions. Purpose: to give PhD candidates recommendations on the research of social danger of crime. Objectives: to reveal the significance of the thesis as an element of feedback when changing the criminal law, to identify the attitude of the legislator to the classical understanding of social danger of crime. Methodology: systematic and formal-logical research methods were used. Results: the author comes to the conclusion that the PhD thesis is considered as an element of feedback, which should contain a study of social danger of the act in these aspects and can improve the quality of the adopted laws; proves that social danger of crime deservedly occupies a place in the structure of the object of scientific research, but only when it is achieved the purpose of substantiating the criminalization of a new act, decriminalization of an old one, unification or differentiation of responsibility; puts forward the hypothesis that the legislator considers social danger not as an objective element of the act, as in the “classical approach”, but rather as an assumption, which does not often indicate the possibility of harming public relations by the act, but points out the significance of protected relations being affected by the act.
Od „tradycji” do „niematerialnego dziedzictwa”
Authors: Soćko-Mucha Alicja
Published: March 2023

Artykuł prezentuje trzy główne etapy historii szopkarstwa krakowskiego. Pierwszy – to etap sprzed instytucjonalizacji, obejmujący najstarsze dzieje szopki krakowskiej. Drugi – to etap instytucjonalizacji, zapoczątkowany zorganizowaniem w 1937 r. pierwszego konkursu na najpiękniejsze szopki krakowskie. Trzeci – to etap UNESCOizacji, zainicjowany wpisaniem szopkarstwa krakowskiego na listę reprezentatywną niematerialnego dziedzictwa kulturowego ludzkości UNESCO w 2018 r.
Wstęp
Authors: Smołucha Janusz , Wróbel S. Elżbieta Elena , Graff Tomasz
Published: March 2023

Oddajemy czytelnikom kolejny numer „Rocznika Filozoficznego Ignatianum”. Prawie w całości poświęcony został on Mikołajowi Zebrzydowskiemu. Stan badań na jego temat zarysowany został w pierwszym tekście autorstwa Elżbiety E. Wróbel i Tomasza Graffa. Drugi z wymienionych autorów w osobnym artykule przedstawił także problematykę związaną z rozwojem majątku Floriana Zebrzydowskiego w miarę wzrostu jego znaczenia politycznego na dworze króla Zygmunta Augusta. Szczególny nacisk położono na studium przypadku (case study). Autor analizuje bowiem nabycie przez Zebrzydowskiego dóbr w Radoczy koło Wadowic, ukazując perspektywę konieczności podjęcia dalszych badań nad powiększeniem majątku Floriana Zebrzydowskiego i jego rodziny. Artykuł wieńczy aneks, wraz z edycją w języku łacińskim i polskim tłumaczeniu dokumentu, w którym „Zygmunt August nadaje Florianowi Zebrzydowskiemu prawo zbudowania tamy na rzece Skawie i poprowadzenia stamtąd wody fosą przez ziemie dóbr Wadowice dla zbudowania stawów rybnych w dobrach Radocza”.
Majątek ziemski Jana Zebrzydowskiego, miecznika koronnego (1620–1641), jedynego syna i sukcesora Mikołaja, wojewody krakowskiego
Authors: Chrobot Agata , Pielas Jacek
Published: March 2023

Artykuł prezentuje ustalenia na temat majątku ziemskiego syna i spadkobiercy wojewody krakowskiego Mikołaja Zebrzydowskiego – Jana, miecznika krakowskiego (1620–1621). Artykuł powstał na podstawie niewykorzystanych dotąd źródeł z krakowskich ksiąg grodzkich pierwszej połowy XVII wieku. Ustalono, że część dóbr ziemskich, w tym dobra rodowe, odziedziczył po ojcu, część natomiast kupił. Przed śmiercią zgromadził dobra prywatne, na które składał się zamek w Pieskowej Skale, miasto i części w dwóch innych miastach, 28 wsi, części w 9 wsiach, 22 folwarki oraz 4 nieruchomości w miastach. Dobra te położone były na terenie Małopolski, w której w pierwszej połowie XVII wieku był jednym z najbogatszych właścicieli ziemskich. Dochody z tego majątku powiększał o dobra królewskie.
Filozofia życia Lina Yutanga
Authors: Filipczuk Magdalena
Published: March 2023

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie – z perspektywy filozoficznej – pewnej interpretacji pism Lina Yutanga (1895–1976), chińskiego pisarza, myśliciela, tłumacza, lingwisty i wynalazcy. Lin Yutang był przede wszystkim dwujęzycznym autorem i myślicielem, wychowanym i wykształconym w dwóch obszarach kulturowych, a mianowicie w kręgu tradycji chińskiej oraz w chrześcijańskim obszarze świata anglojęzycznego. Jego wielka erudycja i talenty intelektualne sprawiły, że mógł on stać się – w sensie metaforycznym i tym zupełnie dosłownym – pośrednikiem między tradycją chińską oraz dwudziestowieczną cywilizacją Zachodu. W ciągu swojego długiego życia Lin opublikował ponad sześćdziesiąt książek. Czterdzieści z nich ukazało się w przekładach angielskich – i tylko sześć stanowiły powieści. Lista niebeletrystycznych prac Lina jest znacznie dłuższa i obejmuje m.in. krótkie i długie eseje, monografie poświęcone chińskim mędrcom takim jak Konfucjusz, Laozi czy Zhuangazi, a także przekłady i antologie z tłumaczeniami ich dzieł. Szczególną popularność przyniosło Linowi kilka książek beletrystycznych, niezwykle wysoko ocenionych przez krytykę, popularność zyskał Lin również dzięki swym próbom częściowego przeszczepienia kultury chińskiej na grunt zachodni. Po opublikowaniu My Country My People (1935) oraz The Importance of Living (1937) Lin osiągnął wielką sławę jako „filozof chiński”, jednak jego własna myśl filozoficzna, rozproszona w wielu tekstach, rzadko bywała przedmiotem zainteresowania uczonych.
Florian Zebrzydowski i jego dobra w Radoczy w księstwie zatorskim
Authors: Graff Tomasz
Published: March 2023

Artykuł ukazuje problematykę rozwoju majątku Floriana Zebrzydowskiego h. Radwan (zm. 1566), jednego z najbardziej zaufanych dworzan, wojskowych i urzędników Zygmunta Augusta. Stosując metodę indukcyjną, zwrócono uwagę na niemal nieznane dotychczas w historiografii wejście przez Zebrzydowskiego w posiadanie majątku we wsi Radocza k. Wadowic w księstwie zatorskim. Jako współwłaściciel tej wsi Zebrzydowski procesował się w latach 1549–1550 z Jakubem Frydrychowskim. Z kolei dokumentem z 1551 roku król nadał Zebrzydowskiemu przywilej budowania tamy/ fosy na rz. Skawie w celu doprowadzania wody do majątku w Radoczy, co było niezbędne m.in. do zbudowania stawów rybnych (edycja wraz z tłumaczeniem w Aneksie). Osiem lat później Florian Zebrzydowski przeprowadził transakcję majątkową dotyczącą Radoczy z Felicją Frydrychowską i jej mężem Stanisławem Milanowskim. Nie udało się jednak ustalić, kiedy dostojnik pozbył się majątku w tej wsi, jednak źródła z okresu ostatnich lat jego życia i kolejnych dziesięcioleci wymieniające właścicieli Radoczy nie wspominają już o Zebrzydowskich. Przy okazji ustaleń dotyczących Radoczy ukazano także przykładowe inne transakcje majątkowe, w których brał udział Zebrzydowski. Studium miało za zadanie zasygnalizować konieczność podjęcia szerszych badań nad rozwojem majątku Floriana Zebrzydowskiego w powiązaniu ze sprawami majątkowymi jego rodziny, szkicując tym samym nowe perspektywy badawcze.
Mikołaj Zebrzydowski starostą generalnym krakowskim (1585–1620)
Authors: Górski Kacper
Published: March 2023

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wybranych wątków związanych ze sprawowaniem przez Mikołaja Zebrzydowskiego urzędu starosty krakowskiego (1585–1620). Autor skoncentrował się na trzech kwestiach: objęciu starostwa, zaangażowaniu Zebrzydowskiego w sprawowanie wymiaru sprawiedliwości oraz wpływie rokoszu sandomierskiego (1606–1608) na działalność grodu krakowskiego. Główną podstawę źródłową tekstu stanowią krakowskie akta grodzkie, przechowywane w Archiwum Narodowym w Krakowie. Będąc studium przypadku, artykuł bada problem z perspektywy historycznoprawnej, krytycznie analizuje źródła oraz korzysta z metod statystycznych i porównawczych. Dzięki ich wykorzystaniu udało się odtworzyć przebieg czynności, które doprowadziły do objęcia starostwa przez Zebrzydowskiego w 1585 r. Z zestawienia działalności Zebrzydowskiego z Janem Zamoyskim i Gabrielem Tarnowskim wynika, że jego zaangażowanie w sprawowanie wymiaru sprawiedliwości nie było duże, chociaż większe niż poprzednika i następcy. Limitując roki, Zebrzydowski chętnie powoływał się na sprawy prywatne, ale jego następca czynił to jeszcze częściej. Duży wpływ na funkcjonowanie starostwa miał rokosz sandomierski. Sąd nie działał przez ponad trzy i pół roku, urząd przez ponad 17 miesięcy, a kancelaria grodzka przez niecały rok. W sporze o położoną na Wawelu kamienicę starościńską, który stanowi symbol konfliktu Zebrzydowskiego z Zygmuntem III, rację należy przyznać królowi, pełnoprawnemu właścicielowi budynku, chociaż jego postępowanie w tej sprawie zaostrzało napięcie.
Comparative analysis of social media accessibility
Authors: Bocheński Bartosz
Published: March 2023

The paper assesses the accessibility compliance level of social media websites and their usability in terms of universal design. The study was performed on “reddit” and a social media website created by the author of the article for the express purpose of meeting the WCAG requirements as closely as possible, named “Twittn’t”. The analysis has been performed with the use of a survey study, an automated WAVE tool and an eye-tracker. The research groups consisted of fifteen and twenty people for survey and eye-tracker study respectively. The test results have shown strong correlation between usability of the social media website interface and number of its WCAG errors.
Acoustically induced electric and magnetic polarizations and their sensing applications
Authors: Ikushima Kenji
Published: March 2023

A measurement technique for detecting acoustically induced polarization is reviewed. Ultrasonic irradiation can generate alternating electric or magnetic polarization in materials via electromechanical or magnetomechanical coupling, respectively, and electromagnetic fields are often emitted to the surrounding environment when materials are acoustically stimulated. The linear response of the acoustically stimulated electromagnetic (ASEM) field is detected by a resonant antenna tuned to the ultrasound frequency. The ASEM response is generated in not only inorganic crystals but also biological tissues such as bones, tendons, and the aortic wall. The response signal is well explained by stress-induced electric polarization, which depends on the crystallinity of fibrous proteins. Ultrasound can temporally modulates the magnetic polarization (magnetization) in ferromagnetic materials, resulting in magnetic imaging and hysteresis measurements via ultrasonic stimulation. Therefore, probing ASEM responses opens possibilities for unique noninvasive sensing in medicine and industry.