bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving predictions of land-atmosphere interactions based on a hybrid data assimilation and machine learning method
Authors: He Xinlei , Li Yanping , Liu Shaomin , Xu Tongren , Chen Fei , Li Zhenhua , Zhang Zhe , Liu Rui , Song Lisheng , Xu Ziwei , Peng Zhixing , Zheng Chen
Published: December 2022

Abstract. The energy and moisture exchange between the land surface and atmospheric boundary layer plays a critical role in regional climate simulations. This paper implemented a hybrid data assimilation and machine learning framework (DA-ML method) into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to optimize surface soil and vegetation conditions. The hybrid method can integrate remotely sensed leaf area index (LAI), multi-source soil moisture (SM) observations, and land surface models (LSMs) to accurately describe land surface states and fluxes. The performance of the hybrid method on the regional climate was evaluated in the Heihe River Basin (HRB), the second largest endorheic river basin in Northwest China. The findings indicate that the DA-ML method improved the estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) and generated a spatial distribution consistent with the ML-based watershed ET (ETMap). The WRF simulations overestimated (underestimated) the air temperature (specific humidity) in the vegetated areas of the HRB. In contrast, the estimated air temperature and specific humidity from WRF (DA-ML) agree well with the observations, especially in the midstream oasis. The DA-ML framework enhanced oasis-desert interactions by improving the soil and vegetation characteristics. The wetting and cooling effects and wind shield effects of the oasis were enhanced by the DA-ML. The wetting and cooling effect of the oasis can transfer water vapor to the surrounding desert, which benefits the oasis-desert ecosystem. The results show that the wetting and cooling effects only negligibly changed the local precipitation in the midstream oasis. However, upstream of the HRB, the integration of LAI and SM will induce water vapor intensification and promote precipitation, particularly on windward slopes.
Paramagnetic relaxivity of delocalized long-lived states of protons in chains of CH2 groups
Authors: Razanahoera Aiky , Sonnefeld Anna , Bodenhausen Geoffrey , Sheberstov Kirill
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Long-lived states (LLS) have lifetimes TLLS that can be much longer than longitudinal relaxation times T1. In molecules containing several geminal pairs of protons in neighbouring CH2 groups, it has been shown that delocalized long-lived states can be excited by converting magnetization into imbalances between the populations of singlet and triplet states of each pair. Since the yield of conversion of observable magnetization into LLS and back are on the order of 10 % or less if one uses spin-locked induced crossing (SLIC), it would be desirable to boost the sensitivity by dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (d-DNP). To enhance the magnetization of nuclear spins by d-DNP, the analytes must be mixed with radicals such as 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (TEMPOL) prior to freezing at low temperatures in the vicinity of 1 K. After dissolution, these radicals lead to an undesirable paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) which shortens not only the longitudinal relaxation times T1 but also the lifetimes TLLS of long-lived states. It is confirmed in this work that PRE by TEMPOL is less deleterious for LLS than for longitudinal magnetization for four different molecules: 2,2-dimethyl-2-silapentane-5-sulfonate (DSS), homotaurine, taurine, and acetylcholine. The relaxivities (i.e., the slopes of relaxation rates as a function of the radical concentration) of LLS rLLS are 3 to 5 times smaller than the relaxivities of longitudinal magnetization r1. Partial delocalization of the LLS across neighbouring CH2 groups may decrease this advantage, but in practice, this effect was observed to be minor when comparing taurine containing two CH2 groups and homotaurine with three CH2 groups. Regardless of whether the LLS are delocalized or not, it is shown that PRE should not be a major problem for experiments combining d DNP and LLS, provided the concentration of paramagnetic species after dissolution does not exceed 1 mM, a condition that is readily fulfilled in typical d-DNP experiments. In bullet d-DNP experiments, however, it may be necessary to reduce TEMPOL by adding ascorbate or using lower concentrations of TEMPOL.
Evaluation of low-level jets in the southern Baltic Sea: a comparison between ship-based lidar observational data and numerical models
Authors: Rubio Hugo , Kühn Martin , Gottschall Julia
Published: December 2022

Abstract. In contrast to fixed measuring devices, ship-based lidar systems provide highly reliable wind observations within extensive regions. Therefore, this kind of reference dataset provides a great potential for evaluating the performance of mesoscale numerical models in resembling mesoscale flow phenomena such as low-level jets – essential for an optimal development and operation of wind turbines. This paper presents a comparison between numerical output data from two state-of-the-art numerical datasets (ERA5 and NEWA) and the ship-mounted lidar measurements from the NEWA Ferry Lidar Experiment. The comparison was performed along the route covered by the vessel, as well as in specific locations within this route, to better understand the capabilities and limitations of the numerical models to precisely resemble the occurrence and main properties of low-level jets (LLJs) in different locations. The findings of this study show that the non-stationary nature of ship-based lidar measurements allows evaluating the accuracy of the models when retrieving jets' characteristics and occurrence under different temporal and spatial effects. Numerical models underestimate the occurrence of LLJs, and they struggle to accurately describe their main characteristics, with a particularly large underestimation of the falloff. The found results are to be seen in relation to the characteristics of the observations, such as the data availability, the time–position relation of the selected vessel's route, or the profile height limitation, as well as the features of the jets, with a particular relevance of core height and falloff. Additionally, the results illustrate the temporal and spatial shift between the LLJ events detected by the measurements and the models and the potential benefit of considering such deviations when studying LLJs' climatology through numerical modes.
New Perspectives on Early Modern Dutch Atlantic Slavery and Slave Trade
Authors: Van Rossum Matthias
Published: December 2022

This Special Issue explores new routes in the economic historical research on the Dutch Atlantic history of slavery and slave trade. Each of its contributions tackles important blind spots that have continued to haunt Dutch economic history despite the recent energetic revival of research and debates on the economic impact of Dutch Atlantic slavery. Together, the articles of this Special Issue challenge our perspectives, questions and methods.
Investeringscultuur in Nederland
Authors: Brusse Paul
Published: December 2022

As inhabitants of an urbanized and very rich country, the Dutch displayed a bourgeois-urban investment behavior, according to the literature. They would have invested that capital mainly in securities. In this article it is made clear that investments, like consumption, were culturally determined and that in this connection it is better to speak of investment culture. This culture differed per region and social group. After 1800, various rural investment cultures were emerging, in which land on the one hand and textile industry on the other becoming the most important investment objects. These developments had social, cultural and economic consequences, but it also shows that the Dutch countryside emancipated in relation to the city.
Jan Breman, het racisme, het kolonialisme en de sociale kwestie
Authors: Van der Linden Marcel
Published: December 2022

In Kolonialisme en racisme heeft Jan Breman veertien opstellen van eigen hand verzameld waarvan de helft niet eerder gepubliceerd werd. Als inleiding heeft hij daar nog enkele fragmenten uit zijn autobiografie bij opgenomen die duidelijk maken waar hij vandaan komt en wat hem drijft. De bundel is helder geschreven en kent, ondanks het brede scala van behandelde onderwerpen, enkele duidelijke lijnen. In het bijzonder drie thema’s komen uitgebreid aan de orde: de sociale kwestie, de koloniale kwestie en de verbanden tussen beide. Jan meent dat deze vraagstukken een geschiedenis van minstens tweehonderd jaar kennen en dat ze verklaard moeten worden uit de economische verhoudingen en politieke culturen binnen het wereldkapitalisme – of, zoals hij meerdere keren zegt – het imperialisme.
Sekse in de koloniale geschiedschrijving
Authors: Van Nederveen Meerkerk Elise
Published: December 2022

Jan Bremans nieuwste bundel geeft een prachtig inzicht in het belang van het bestuderen klasse en ras in de Nederlandse en Belgische koloniale geschiedenis. Dit besprekingsartikel betoogt echter dat Breman er goed aan had gedaan nóg een analytische categorie in zijn werk te betrekken: sekse/gender. Aan de hand van drie voorbeelden uit ons koloniale en postkoloniale verleden wordt duidelijk gemaakt hoezeer het toepassen van een genderblik het begrip over historisch en hedendaags racisme kan verrijken.
Over verschuivende blinde vlekken en de dilemma’s van linkse politiek in een postkoloniaal tijdperk
Authors: Mestdagh Eline
Published: December 2022

‘Mijn beide ouders stammen uit een schippersgeslacht’. Met die enigszins onverwachte woorden start Jan Bremans ‘ten geleide’ bij zijn recente bundeling essays, uitgegeven onder de titel ‘Kolonialisme en Racisme’. Eerder dan een introductie van een duidelijk wetenschappelijk programma of een analytische inleiding op zijn werk, leest de 'ten geleide' als een intieme familiegeschiedenis, die Jan helpt zichzelf sociologisch te situeren in de inmiddels steeds diverser wordende Nederlandse samenleving. Die keuze getuigt van een sterk bewustzijn van de invloed van de eigen levensloop en ervaringen op de blik waarmee onderzoekers naar de wereld kijken. We kunnen, stelt Jan, subjectieve elementen waaronder ‘de herkomst en de klasse’ van sociale wetenschappers niet wegdenken wanneer we hun wetenschappelijke relaas proberen te begrijpen.
DEPRESSION AND SMUGGLING PROHIBITED AMONG PRISONERS
Authors: Sukanderam Sugumaran , Devi Saralah
Published: December 2022

Tainted research information on depression and smuggling prohibited articles among prisoners has garnered researchers’ attention to answer unanswered questions. This study aims to reveal about relationship between depression and smuggling prohibited articles into the prison. By using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) measurement as to elicit the pertinent information from 66 prisoners. The results show three hypotheses are insignificant, yet, it will be useful to prison management to focus on reducing depression level among prisoners which are being triggered by other factors.
Mohamed Shukri’s Contribution to Islamic Thought in Sri Lanka
Authors: Zacky Mohamed , Moniruzzaman Md. , Hassan Mohamed
Published: December 2022

Mohamed Shukri (1940-2020) left a permanent mark on the trajectory of Islamic thought in contemporary Sri Lanka. This paper explores his contribution to Islamic thought in the local context. Following the thematic analysis method, this paper finds that Shukri attempted to develop a comprehensive critique of the philosophical foundations of modern scientism and enlightenment rationalism. For that purpose, Shukri instrumentalized Islamic spiritual thought or Sufism, arguing that the modernist onto-epistemological and ethical concepts do not permit a human being to experience the unseen realities and the spiritual world. Shukri’s perception of the implications of this philosophical reductionism in the domain of contemporary social sciences, humanities, and ethics is also considered. In addition, the paper notes that Shukri supported projects that foster the harmonious relationship between religious traditions by deploying shared philosophical perspectives. However, he stressed that the differences between those traditions also must be respected. Finally, this paper emphasizes that these Shukri’s scholarly discourses predominantly manifest a critical re-emergence of revisionist Islamic spiritual thought in post-colonial Sri Lanka, which stood as a check on the smooth penetration of modernist ideas within the local Muslim community.
The History of the Epithet al-Ghawth al-A‘ẓam in South Asian Islamic Discourse
Authors: Jafar Imad
Published: December 2022

In South Asia, many of the ‘ulamā’ refer to the medieval Ḥanbalī Sufi ‘Abd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī by the popular epithet al-ghawth al-a‘ẓam, meaning “the supreme helper.” This article surveys the various ways in which subcontinental ‘ulamā’ have interpreted al-ghawth al-a‘ẓam in their religious discourse. When, where, and how did this term originate? How did it come to be accepted in Sunni circles in the Indian subcontinent? Do the Deobandi and the Barelvi traditions interpret the epithet in the same manner? These are some of the questions that shall be addressed in the following article.
International conference “The Caucasus at the crossroads of international trade and cultural exchange (from ancient times to the present)”
Authors: Mirzoyan Monika
Published: December 2022

The International Conference "The Caucasus at the Crossroads of Internation-al Trade and Cultural Exchange (from ancient times to the present)" was held at the National Academy of Sciences of RA on September 5-6, 2022. It was organized by the Institute of Oriental Studies of NAS RA and the Institute of History and Ethnology of Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University. The conference was attend-ed by about forty researchers from research centers and universities in Armenia, Georgia, Russia, Japan, the United States of America, Iran, and Poland. At the beginning of the conference welcoming speeches were delivered by Academician-Secretary of the Division of Armenian Studies and Social Sciences of NAS RA Academician Yuri Suvaryan, Director of the Institute of the Oriental Studies of NAS RA Robert Ghazaryan, and Director of the Institute of History and Ethnology of Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Giorgi Tcheishvili. In his opening remarks, academician Yuri Suvaryan noted, "the Caucasus is an important cross-road where the interests of many nations and states have been intersecting. I hope this conference will be a key step for the continued development of Caucasian studies. Under current geopolitical conditions new challenges and difficulties are emerging, and this conference should also have a practical purpose, to work out a strategy which will help to face the modern scientific and also geopolitical chal-lenges coming up for the Caucasian peoples.
Coating Liquid Films down a Vertical Fibre
Authors: Ding Zijing
Published: December 2022

Previous experimental study by Kliakhandler et al. (JFM 429:381-390, 2001) reported three different flow patterns of a liquid film flowing down a vertical cylinder. The film flow is unstable due to the famous Plateau-Rayleigh mechanism, which evolves into organised droplets flow patterns. When the flow rate is high, steady moving droplets separated by a long-thin film were observed. When the flow rate is reduced, necklace-like flow structure was seen. When the flow rate is very small, droplets of multi-scales were observed and complex dynamical interactions between these droplets cause an unsteady flow. However, no previous theoretical model correctly predicted the droplet dynamics in the three regimes. In this talk, I will discuss the reasons accounting for poor predictions of liquid film dynamics down a vertical fibre. Then, we solve the Navier-Stokes problem and our results show excellent agreements with the experimental data by Kliakhandler et al.
Harnessing viscous streaming in complex active systems: mini-bots in fluids.
Authors: Gazzola Mattia
Published: December 2022

Viscous streaming is a phenomenon where an oscillating body generates stable, predictable and robust fluid flows that can be used to manipulate the body’s local surroundings. Viscous streaming has been well explored and characterized theoretically, experimentally and computationally for simple shapes such as cylinders and spheres, and leveraged in microfluidics for transport, mixing, particle separation and assembly. However, little is known beyond simple geometries, in particular when multiple curvatures are involved. Here we explore the effects of body geometric variations on topological flow responses, and connect them with potential uses in micro-robotics.
Turbulence modeling of strongly-coupled gas-particle flows
Authors: Capecelatro Jesse
Published: December 2022

Many natural and industrial processes involve the flow of solid particles or liquid droplets whose dynamical evolution are intimately coupled with a carrier gas. A peculiar behavior of such flows is their ability to give rise to large-scale structures (hundreds to thousands of times the size of individual particles), from dense clusters to nearly-particle-free voids. Seminal works by G.K. Batchelor has provided theoretical estimates describing the motion of collections of particles suspended in viscous flows and the notion of hindered settling under gravity. In this talk I will describe how at moderate Reynolds numbers and concentrations, momentum exchange between the phases results in enhanced settling and the generation of turbulence in the carrier phase. High-resolution simulations will be presented to reveal how multiphase interactions at the particle scale augment or restrict large-scale flow processes, and provide unique insight into the budget of turbulent kinetic energy. Finally, a new data-driven framework will be presented for model closure of the averaged two-phase flow equations.
Dynamo Generating Flows in Planetary Cores
Authors: Aurnou Jon
Published: December 2022

Planetary bodies typically host substantial liquid metal interior fluid layers. The fluid layers are often in turbulent motion due to planetary thermochemical evolutionary processes. This rapidly rotating turbulence can generate coherent, planetary-scale magnetic fields that can protectively shield a planet for its harsh surrounding space environment. In this talk, I will present scaling arguments for the behaviors of core flows mixed with simple table-top experiments. I will then present the most recent laboratory and theoretical models of these flows, and what aspects of dynamo observations they can and cannot yet explain.
A three-dimensional small-deformation theory for electrohydrodynamics of dielectric drops
Authors: Das Debasish
Published: December 2022

Electrohydrodynamics of drops is a classic fluid mechanical problem where deformations and microscale flows are generated by application of an external electric field. In weak fields, electric stresses acting on the drop surface drive quadrupolar flows inside and outside and cause the drop to adopt a steady axisymmetric shape. This phenomenon is best explained by the leaky-dielectric model under the premise that a net surface charge is present at the interface while the bulk fluids are electroneutral. In the case of dielectric drops, increasing the electric field beyond a critical value can cause the drop to start rotating spontaneously and assume a steady tilted shape. This symmetry-breaking phenomenon, called Quincke rotation, arises due to the action of the interfacial electric torque countering the viscous torque on the drop, giving rise to steady rotation in sufficiently strong fields. Here, we present a small-deformation theory for the electrohydrodynamics of dielectric drops for the complete Melcher–Taylor leaky-dielectric model in three dimensions. Our theory is valid in the limits of strong capillary forces and highly viscous drops and is able to capture the transition to Quincke rotation. A coupled set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations for the induced dipole moments and shape functions are derived whose solution matches well with experimental results in the appropriate small-deformation regime. Retention of both the straining and rotational components of the flow in the governing equation for charge transport enables us to perform a linear stability analysis and derive a criterion for the applied electric field strength that must be overcome for the onset of Quincke rotation of a viscous drop.
Mechanisms and Universality in the Subcritical Route to Turbulence
Authors: Barkley Dwight
Published: December 2022

Recent years have witnessed a profound change in our understanding of the route to turbulence in wall-bounded shear flows. In stark contrast to the classical Hopf-Landau picture where turbulence arises through an increase in the temporal complexity of fluid motion, the route to turbulence in subcritical shear flows occurs via spatio-temporal intermittency and falls in the class of non-equilibrium statistical phase transitions known as directed percolation. In this talk I will focus on two aspects of the transition problem. The first is physical mechanisms underlying spatio-temporal intermittency in shear flows. The second is the universality in the subcritical route to turbulence.
Rates of mixing in models of fluid devices with discontinuities
Authors: Kreczak Hannah
Published: December 2022

The dynamics of mixing by cutting and shuffling are subtle and not well understood. We present mixing dynamics arising from fundamental models capturing the essence of discontinuous stirring with diffusion. When the stirring is governed by purely cutting and shuffling, we reveal that the time to achieve a mixed condition varies polynomially with diffusivity rate with an exponent less than unity. In stirring fields which are chaotic we observe that the addition of discontinuous transformations contaminates mixing. Long-time mixing rates behave counter-intuitively when varying the diffusivity rate and a deceleration of mixing with increasing diffusion coefficient is observed, sometimes overshooting analytically derived bounds.
Freezing a rivulet
Authors: Huerre Axel
Published: December 2022

We investigate experimentally the formation of the particular ice structure obtained when a capillary trickle of water flows on a cold substrate. We show that after a few minutes the water ends up flow-ing on a tiny ice wall whose shape is permanent. We characterize and understand quantitatively the formation dynamics and the final thickness of this ice structure. In particular, we identify two growth regimes. First, a 1D solidification diffusive regime, where ice is building independently of the flowing water. And second, once the ice is thick enough, the heat flux in the water comes into play, breaking the 1D symmetry of the problem, and the ice ends up thickening linearly downward. This linear pattern is explained by considering the competition between the water cooling and its convection.
Potentialities of Sustainability Accounting to measure Costs of Dry Gas production and Environmental and Social costs ( Applied study in Al- Basra Gas Co. )
Authors: Hussain Nadhim
Published: December 2022

The research aims to measure the costs of processing natural gas through the application of sustainability accounting in the Basra Gas Company, because of its role in improving revenues that contribute to the state treasury, reducing the environmental effects resulting from burning it, and preserving it from waste as one of the main resources of the country.

One of the most important results of the study was the possibility of measuring the economic, environmental, and social costs of gas processing, and thus providing information that helps the administration in making its decisions .
التكاليف البيئية والتنمية المستدامة ومقتضيات تضمينها للأنشطة الإنتاجية
Authors: Jameel Amer
Published: December 2022

in man's life and his use of the environment , countless environmental problems occur. in the present , we witness different environmental challenges that became a threat to generations for different reasons ;  some are related to values , traditions , and the like which coincided  with the economical development that aim at achieving high rates of growth and development at the expense of the right use of natural resources.

            The will to raise the levels of the standards of living related to the exploitation of nature vanishes because of the costs caused by the environmental deterioration which affects health and quality of life.

            This led to the non application of the idea of sustainable development  which was declared in the past two decades  , and which implied identifying the necessary needs to decrease the privation through an economical growth that keeps the environmental system health and a long-term store of natural resources.

         Through an induction of world states , it has been noticed that the accomplishment of this development failed. And though economical , social , and cultural growth rates have been fulfilled in advanced states ,this increasing growth has been on the expense of achieving luxury to future generation.

        In the less developed states , the problem increases because of the absence of the real will by the advanced states to cooperate , and the relation between them is characterized by domination and exploitation.

        From the above mentioned, the current study emerged to shed light on the environmental costs and sustainable development , and the requirements to incorporate them into productive activities. The study discusses the meaning of development , sustainable development , and then the costs caused by environmental deterioration and the requirements to incorporate the developmental activities.
Women Leadership in Iraq : A Gender study 2021
Authors: M.Al galibi Taher
Published: December 2022

The study aims at to determine the criteria followed by decision makers to promote women in both the private and public academic sector, to become leaders in top management. It subscribes to the model presented by (Alvesson & Billing, 1997). The participants 70 were divided into 43 male and 27 female managers. The study sample included deans of colleges and their assistants at the University of Basra (public sector) and Shatt Al-Arab College (private sector). The results show that there is no specific model followed by the academic leaders in terms of nominating women for leadership positions. Instead, promotion criteria for women to top positions are decision maker specific. For this reason this study presents a theoretical framework for an Iraqi model. It is called "the personal cumulative Perspectives (Hybrid Model)", which is a combination of two dimensions. First, the personal judgments and Perspectives of decision makers that accumulated over time towards women. Second, the influence of other factors imposed by specific circumstances in some cases. These could include, for example, the government's influences or federal decisions that require fixed share (Quota) for women in leadership positions
Huanglongbing: possível ameaça à citricultura catarinense?
Authors: Castilhos Rodolfo Vargas , Brugnara Eduardo Cesar , Maro Luana Aparecida , Canale Maria Cristina
Published: December 2022

Resumo - O Huanglongbing (HLB) é a principal doença dos citros no Brasil. É causado por bactérias do gênero “Candidatus Liberibacter” e transmitido pelo psilídeo-asiático-dos-citros, Diaphorina citri. Os sintomas do HLB são mosqueamento nas folhas (clorose assimétrica no limbo) e amarelecimento de ramos, além de os frutos mostrarem maturação irregular, deformação, sementes abortadas e queda precoce. Detectado no País no ano de 2004, o HLB já foi registrado nos estados de São Paulo, Minas Gerais e Paraná. Seu manejo é baseado em plantio de mudas sadias, produzidas em viveiros protegidos, redução do inóculo da doença pela eliminação das plantas sintomáticas e monitoramento e controle do vetor. Em Santa Catarina não há registro de ocorrência do HLB, porém o psilídeo D. citri já foi detectado, o que torna necessário levantamento do vetor e da eventual presença da bactéria nas regiões citrícolas do Estado.
SCS205 Riqueza: Carioca common bean cultivar for Southern Brazil
Authors: Kavalco Sydney Antonio Frehner , Nicknich Waldir , Höfs Alberto , Hemp Silmar , Vogt Gilcimar Adriano , Backes Rogério
Published: December 2022

Abstract – Santa Catarina Agricultural Research and Rural Extension Company (Epagri) developed the SCS205 Riqueza bean cultivar, of the carioca seed group. This new cultivar has excellent grain yield, high sanity, with a high grain weight associated with precocity. The plants are semi-erect with undetermined growth habit, adapted to mechanical harvesting.Resumo – A Epagri desenvolveu o cultivar de feijão SCS205 Riqueza, do grupo carioca. Este novo cultivar tem um excelente rendimento de grão, alta sanidade, com alto peso de grão associado com precocidade. As plantas são semi eretas com hábito de crescimento indeterminado, adaptadas à colheita mecânica.
Desempenho de tangerineiras jovens, de maturação precoce, enxertadas em Swingle ou Carrizo no Oeste de Santa Catarina, Brasil
Authors: Brugnara Eduardo Cesar
Published: December 2022

Resumo – O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento e a produtividade de tangerineiras jovens de maturação precoce, sobre dois porta-enxertos, no Oeste Catarinense. Os cultivares copa ‘SCS458 Osvino’, ‘Satsuma EEI’, ‘Oronules’, ‘Clemenules’ e ‘Rio’, enxertados no citrangeiro ‘Carrizo’ e no citrumeleiro ‘Swingle’, foram avaliados no município de Águas Frias, Santa Catarina, durante os seis primeiros anos após o plantio, quanto ao crescimento e à produção de frutos. ‘Clemenules’ e ‘Okitsu’ apresentaram maior área de projeção e volume de copa e circunferência do tronco. ‘Oronules’ apresentou menor altura, área de projeção e volume de copa. Os porta-enxertos não afetaram significativamente o crescimento das copas. A massa acumulada de frutos colhidos até o 6o ano foi maior na ‘Rio’, bem como a eficiência produtiva por área e volume de copa. A massa acumulada de frutos e a massa média dos frutos foram menores na ‘Oronules’. As copas enxertadas em ‘Swingle’ apresentam maior produção de frutos por planta e por m² de copa, mas não houve diferença na eficiência por m³. Conclui-se que, ao fim do sexto ano, as plantas de ‘Clemenules’ e ‘Okitsu’ apresentam maiores copas. ‘Rio’ é o cultivar mais produtivo e eficiente. Há maior produção de frutos quando os cinco cultivares copas são enxertados em ‘Swingle’ do que em ‘Carrizo’.
A pereira cv. Williams ou Bartlett
Authors: Faoro Ivan Dagoberto , Pasa Mateus da Silveira , Argenta Luiz Carlos , Oliveira Paulo Ricardo Dias de , Sezerino André Amarildo
Published: December 2022

Resumo - A pereira cv. Williams, também conhecida como ‘Bartlett’ ou ‘Williams Bon Chrétien’, é descrita nesse artigo quanto a sua origem, adaptação climática, botânica e características agronômicas. Também são apresentados os principais aspectos morfológicos, fisiológicos e de resistência a doenças da planta, uso de porta-enxertos e plantas polinizadoras.
Métodos alternativos para o controle de fitopatógenos habitantes do solo: parte II – controle biológico
Authors: Visconti Alexandre , Zambonim Fábio Martinho , Mariguele Keny Henrique , Lone Alessandro Borini
Published: December 2022

As doenças causadas por fitopatógenos habitantes do solo são de difícil controle, pois seus agentes causadores apresentam, geralmente, mais de uma forma de sobrevivência. Além disso, os métodos químicos não dispõem de produtos registrados para a maioria das culturas e, quando disponíveis, não possuem equipamentos eficientes para sua aplicação, tornando baixa a efetividade de controle. O controle biológico pode ser considerado uma importante ferramenta contra doenças de solo, principalmente quando associado aos métodos físicos. A incorporação de formulados comerciais de agentes de biocontrole e a produção de bioferitilizantes são métodos práticos e viáveis ao produtor rural para introdução de agentes de biocontrole na lavoura.
Альтернативное использование этнографических материалов
Authors: Геворгян Лианна
Published: December 2022

Ethnographic artifacts in the life of modern society are represented not only in museum exhibitions. National elements are used in modern products. Original artifacts or similar copies are on display in “Vernissage” of Yerevan, in the interiors of restaurants, hotels, and offices. At the same time, the interpretation of artifacts and elements of traditional culture is carried out in accordance with their transformation of meaning, over time and market requirements. In the article the types of presentation of ethnographic artifacts in various non-museum places are distinguished, which are significantly different from the approaches of traditional museology. The dangers that exist in this kind of presentation of cultural heritage elements are also revealed.
Բատոլա ծիսական պարերգի պարային ավանդույթը
Authors: Սարգսյան Մարգարիտ
Published: December 2022

Batola is a dance still performed in various regions of Armenia, including Shirak, Gegharkunik, Aragatsotn, Vayots Dzor, and Ararat, as well as in the Javakheti region in Georgia, which has a large Armenian community. It is characterized by a distinct ‘two steps to the right, two in place’ dance figure, the fourth and eighth parts of which include one or two stamps followed by a 1/8 pause. Batola is primarily performed accompanying by a dance song in the traditional verse-chorus structure, with playful and lyrical texts. Its musical form is a simple period, consisting of nearly identical phrases, with a distinctive structure based on the stable metrical form of dipyrrichium / amphimacer and the 9/8 meter, which makes it similar to the Tamzara and some other dances that also use the 9/8 meter. Most often it uses the Aeolian mode with a secondary center on the fourth or fifth. The musical and dance phrases are proportional and consistent. A similar dance is widespread among the Greek population of Western Pontus under the name Patola, the dance movements and content of which are similar to those of the Armenian Batola.
Խուբուշկիա և Արմիրալի երկրների նույնության ու բնույթի մասին
Authors: Պետրոսյան Սարգիս
Published: December 2022

Assyrian sources mention the country Khubushkia (Hubuškia). It was among the smaller countries situated on the Armenian Tavros. The Khubushkia occupied the part of Southern Armenia, to south of Lake Van, in the river basin of Eastern Tigris. According to the author, the capital of country-of the same name Khubushkia, was situated in the centre of country in Hovadasht. In the toponym Hub-ušk-ia for component Hub-//*Hov- compare with Armenian toponym Հով (next Օվ)>Հովա(>Հովա դաշտ “field of Hova”), possessive case: Hova. Ancient Armenian princely families Mokatsi and Andzavatsi are mentioned together in the “History of Armenia” by Movses Khorenatsi. So, their possessions were in the neighbourhood in the river basin of Eastern Tigris, hence the ancestors of the tribe Khimuva/Khimme lived in the neighbourhood in the cuneiform Khubushkia-Armirali. For Armirali<*arm-ir-ali compare with Zarmayr<*z-arm-ayr, where *arm-“chariot” (compare ancient Greek aρμα “chariot”). To deduce, the Union of the future regions of ancient Armenia – Mokq and Andzevatsik was the most important center of that time where Indo-European social institute of two leaders and Indo-European cult of godlike Twins were shaped (compare with Sanasar and Baghdasar from “Sasna tsrer”).
Երվանդ Վերջինի տոհմաբանության շուրջ
Authors: Պետրոսյան Լուսինե
Published: December 2022

Strabo's message about the Armenian king Yervand the Last, as from the "genus of Hydarnes" refers only to King Yervand, and not to the Yervandid dynasty. In the interval of 200 years between Hydarnes and Yervand, Tiribaz was the last ancestry link on the paternal side. Tiribaz is mentioned in Xenophon's "Anabasis" as a hiparchos (regional chief, viceroy) of "Western Armenia" and close relative of Artaxerxes II: "when he was present, no one else put the king on a horse." This witnesses the fact that Tiribaz was a Persian of high birth. To our firm belief, he was also the High Priest of Armenia. The sculpture of rider on Achaemenid silver rhyton from Arin-berd (Erebuni) depicts him. The headdress of the rider is the same as that of a warrior from the priestly class of the bodyguards of the Persian kings, in contrast to the warrior representing the military class. Xenophon, having relationship with Tiribaz not in religious, but in official affairs, could not know that the name Tiribaz conveyed the meaning of priest, because the first component of the name Tiribaz is the name of the God-priest Tir. Artashes I overthrew Yervand the Last (who was considered an illegal ruler) and restored the legal rule of the Yervandid (from the Haykazuns) dynasty, which is mentioned in the sources from the 6-th century BC. Consequently, from the Hydarnes genus (foreign, Persian origin) was not the Yervandid dynasty, but King Yervand the Last represented by his ancestor, the High Priest of Armenia Tiribaz. According to Movses Khorenatsi, Yervand the Last was from the previous dynasty (Arshakids//Yervandids) not on the paternal, but on the maternal side and Artashes I, on the contrary, on the paternal side. Claims to the contrary are unfounded.
Evlilik Uyumu ve Manevi İyi Oluş Hali Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: KORKMAZ Zeynep , KARAŞAHİN Hakkı
Published: December 2022

Bu araştırmada, evli kadınların evlilik uyumları ve manevi iyi oluş hallerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında, 12 evli kadınla yarı yapılandırılmış mülakat tekniği gerçekleştirilmiştir. İzmir ilinde yaşayan en az 5 yıllık evli kadınlarla yüz yüze görüşmeler yapılmış, görüşmelerde kullanılan yarı yapılandırılmış mülakat tekniği ile derinlemesine sorular sorulmuştur. Yapılan görüşmede kadınlar evlilik uyumu ve manevi iyi oluş haliyle ilgili sorular karşısında öznel görüşlerini ortaya koymuşlardır. Katılımcıların görüşlerinde evlilik uyumu ve manevi iyi oluş hali arasında pozitif bir ilişki olduğu görülmüştür. Eşleri ile ortak karar alıp anlaşabilen kadınların evliliklerinde manevi olarak kendilerini huzurlu hissettikleri tespit edilmiştir. Katılımcıların görüşlerinden elde edilen bulgular, literatürde evlilik uyumu ve manevi iyi oluş ile ilgili ayrı ayrı yapılan diğer çalışmaları, araştırma bulgularını destekler niteliktedir.
The Human Shape of Data
Authors: Canning Erin , Fry Emily
Published: December 2022

This introduction to the publication surveys recent critical approaches to data production and analysis in art, art history, museums, and visual studies, and introduces the contributions, identifying in them a shared conviction that people, and data’s impact on them, must remain at the center of these investigations.
Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Okuma Tutum ve Alışkanlıkları ile Üstbilişsel Farkındalık Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: GÜL ÖZDİL Büşra , DEMİR Sezgin
Published: December 2022

Okuma sözcükler ve sembollerin zihinde anlamlandırılmasıdır. Okumaya karşı istekli olmak ve okuma eylemini düzenli olarak gerçekleştirmek okuma tutum ve alışkanlığının oluşmasını sağlar. Üstbilişsel farkındalıksa bireyin neyi bilip bilmediğinin bilincinde olmasıdır. Okuma tutum ve alışkanlığına sahip bireylerin üstbilişsel becerilerinin gelişmesi beklenmektedir. Bu araştırmada, ortaokul düzeyinde öğrenim gören öğrencilerin okuma tutum ve alışkanlıklarıyla üstbilişsel farkındalıkları arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda çalışma ilişkisel tarama modelinde tasarlanmıştır. Veri toplamak için “Çocuklar İçin Üstbilişsel Farkındalık Ölçeği” ile “Okuma Tutum ve Alışkanlık Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Veriler, Xxxxx merkez ilçelerde eğitim gören, tabakalı örnekleme yoluyla belirlenen 1281 ortaokul öğrencisinden toplanmıştır. Analizler SPSS programıyla gerçekleştirilmiş ve ortaya çıkan bulgular alan yazından hareketle yorumlanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda okuma tutum ve alışkanlıkları ile üstbilişsel farkındalık düzeyi arasında anlamlı ilişkinin olduğu (r=.25); aynı zamanda öğrencilerin okuma tutum alışkanlık ve üstbilişsel farkındalıklarının anne-baba eğitim durumu ve anne-baba mesleğine göre değişiklik göstermediği, diğer tüm değişkenler açısındansa anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği belirlenmiştir.
Treatment of Acinetobacter baumannii by Specialized ϕTZ Bacteriophage and Studying of pH Effect on Bacteriophage Stability and Efficacy
Authors: Ibrahim Taha Yaseen
Published: December 2022

In general, one of the most important and dangerous pathogens facing human society is the resistance of different types of bacteria to many types of antibiotics. Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most dangerous pathogens because of its prevalence in the hospital environment, being among the normal flora of bacteria inside the body also they are opportunistic bacteria due to their ability to turn into pathogenic bacteria when there is any weakness in the body’s immunity thus causes many diseases such as pneumonia, inflammation of the central nervous system and many different diseases. Because of the high ability of A. baumannii to acquire genes responsible for resistance to all antibiotics, including carbapenems, from the environment, it has become necessary to discover new methods to limit the spread of this bacteria and treat them. Among these methods is the treatment by bacteriophages then studying the physical properties, and one of the important characteristics that must be studied is the best pH that maintains the stability and effectiveness of the bacteriophage specialized in treating A. baumannii (ϕTZ), which belongs to the family Myoviridae. The pH 6.0 was found to maintain the best activity in the lysis of bacteria and stability of Bacteriophage. As well as, it was able to survive 100%.
ADMET and Druglikeness Calculations of Sarin, Soman, and Their Hypothetical Derivatives
Authors: Hammud Kafa Khalaf
Published: December 2022

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity (ADMET) represents a numerical classification of any chemical to be a drug candidate with promising therapeutic efficacy with minimum toxicity or sensitivity depending on its chemical structures and its physicochemical properties. Sarin (GB) and Soman (GD) are nerve agents classified as chemical warfare agent containing phosphorous atom. Acetylcholine (ACh) as a neurotransmitter esterifies by acetyl cholinesterase enzyme (AChE) that can be irreversibly inhibited by (GB and GD) meaning termination of muscle function. Here, new in Silico predication of two nerve agents (Sarin and Soman) was done. These organophosphorous agents were hypothetically subjected to a reaction with lactic acid and various amino acids. New P-O with lactic acid and P-N linkage was between Sarin or Soman and different amino acids. Both reactions were through fluorine atom with hydroxyl group (P-O formation) and with amine (P-N). The ADMET and Druglikeness properties of the parent chemical warfare agents and their hypothetical products were subjected to MarvinSketch program and preadmet website. Sarin and Soman and their hypothetical products showed many noticeable characters such as: all 20 tested compounds were with non- inhibition character of Pgp and CYp-2D6; substrate character with CYP-3A4, negative values to skin permeability, negative to Carcino-Mouse, low risk to hERG inhibition. Other calculated predictors were varied in response between all calculated compounds.
Characteristics of Microplastic in Commercial Aquatic Organisms
Authors: Kristanti Risky Ayu , Wong Wei Lin , Darmayati Yeti , Hatmanti Ariani , Wulandari Nilam Fadmaulidha , Sibero Mada Triandala , Afianti Nur Fitriah , Hernandes Erika , Lopez-Martinez Flavio
Published: December 2022

This study aims to review the occurrence of microplastics in some commercial aquatic organisms. Microplastics are small plastic particles with a diameter of less than 5 mm. Effluent, stormwater, agricultural, and surface runoff introduce microplastic to freshwater basins. Hydrodynamics and hydrology encompass microplastics. River flow speed can cause turbulence and riverbed instability, increasing microplastic concentrations. Fish, shellfish, and crustaceans ingest microplastics in proportion to their quantity in freshwater and marine environments. Human activities cause variations in the form, color, and size of microplastics in the biota. Animals absorb microplastics through trophic transfer. Increased microplastic residence time before ingestion promotes trophic transmission. Lower food concentration and aggregation enhance microplastic retention in zooplankton guts, increasing transmission to higher-trophic-level species. Most studies show that microplastics in biota are discovered in fish and crustacean intestines and bivalve tissues. Microplastic buildup can disrupt live organisms' growth and reproduction, induce oxidative stress, obstruct the digestive system, and damage the intestine. Microplastics may harm people's health if they eat contaminated seafood that contains them, but more research is needed.
Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in renal masses taking computed tomography as a gold standard
Authors: Altaf Sahar , Tazeen Anjum , Fatima Mehreen , Farooq Syed Muhammad Yousaf , Gull Zartash , Kamran Muhammad
Published: December 2022

Objective: To evaluate diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in renal masses taking computed Tomography as a gold standard. Methodology: A cross-sectional study of 198 study subjects with renal masses was conducted at District Head Quarter Hospital (DHQ) and Allied Hospital, Faisalabad. Patients of age 18 years and above and of both genders with complaints of hematuria and/or palpable mass in the flank region was included. Patients with nephrolithiasis, any other gross renal pathology and patients with any contraindication to the contrast agent, were excluded. Results: Ultrasound had the Sensitivity of 76.67%, Specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100%, negative predictive value of 80.56%, and the diagnostic accuracy of 88.14% respectively for the assessment of renal cell carcinoma. Conclusion: Ultrasound is a reliable tool for the differentiation of renal masses, and other renal pathologies such as simple cysts, complex cysts, and polycystic kidney disease.
PERSPECTIVAS PARA ESTIMATIVA DE BIOMASSA VIVA E ESTOQUE DE CARBONO ACIMA DO SOLO EM ÁREAS VERDES URBANAS DO DOMÍNIO MATA ATLÂNTICA, BRASIL
Authors: Guimarães Mariana Rocha Santos , Prado Rachel Bardy , Fidalgo Elaine Cristina Cardoso , Monteiro Joyce Maria Guimarães , Sensevero Jerônimo Boelsums Barreto
Published: December 2022

As áreas florestais são excelentes sumidouros de carbono e sua conservação é considerada como uma estratégia de redução da emissão de gases de efeito estufa, responsáveis pelo aquecimento global. Na Mata Atlântica, que ocupa 15% do território brasileiro, as áreas verdes urbanas possuem papel importante na qualidade de vida de sua população, que equivale a 52% da população do país. A pesquisa teve o objetivo de analisar na literatura científica os principais métodos não destrutivos utilizados (entre 2000 e 2020) para estimar a biomassa viva e o estoque de carbono acima do solo, em florestas da Mata Atlântica, com vistas à aplicação em áreas verdes urbanas. Foi elaborada uma planilha com as principais equações alométricas e parâmetros encontrados na literatura. Dentre as pesquisas levantadas, 59 foram selecionadas para análise de acordo com os critérios aplicados. Constatou-se que apenas 20% das pesquisas foram realizadas em áreas verdes urbanas. O fator de conversão de biomassa viva para o estoque de carbono foi o principal método, utilizado em 70% das pesquisas analisadas. Os métodos indiretos, como os de sensoriamento remoto e emergia são interessantes pela praticidade e custos menos elevados. Destaca-se a importância dos inventários florestais, bem como do desenvolvimento de metodologias apropriadas para o estudo da biomassa viva e do estoque de carbono acima do solo nas áreas verdes urbanas, visando ampliar o conhecimento nesta área e apoiar decisões.