bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrodynamic Effect on the Iso-octane Steam-Reforming in a Monolithic Reactor Channel
Authors: Chikhi Sara , Slimani Mohamed El Amine
Published: August 2019

The production process of clean hydrogen by iso-octane steam reforming in a micro-reactor under atmospheric pressure, and the high temperature was investigated. The simulation is done using momentum conservation, mass conservation, and convection-diffusion equations, represented by the Navier-Stocks equations, the continuity equation, and the Steffan-Maxwell equation respectively. The resolution was performed using a differential equations discretization into their conservative by the finite element method with an unconditionally stable scheme. An analysis of the hydrodynamics of the flow effect shows that the hydrogen produced by iso-octane reforming is proportional to the mixed flow Reynolds number.
The Influence of Network Public Opinion on the Public Management of Chinese Government
Authors: Wang Yichu
Published: August 2019

In the rapid development of science and technology, the Internet has been widely used in the daily life and work of people, which has greatly changed the way people live and work. At this stage, people regard the Internet as the main way to obtain news information, and they have supervised the news contents [1]. Based on this, the article expounds the relevant content of network public opinion, analyzes the role of network public opinion in the public management of Chinese government, and studies the influence of public opinion on the public management of Chinese government.
The Need for State Ideology in the State to Ensure Human Rights
Authors: Yurievich Melnikov Victor
Published: August 2019

Human society is not a history of ideas, as such, of the activities or the vicissitudes of destinies, the so-called historical personalities acting according to the arbitrariness of their mind and heart. The history of society has its “earthly basis”. This is, first of all, the history of the development of people, their existence, traditions of the people, spirituality, moral values, economic development, rules of conduct, laws of the country in which you live, in short, the ideology of the state and how it is presented by the authorities through the media.  But in Russia, as stated in article 13 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, "No ideology can be established as a state or mandatory." The same Constitution recognizes “ideological diversity”.  Subsequent postulates of the same Constitution of the Russian Federation refute the foregoing.
Urban Public Toilets Management in Tanzania: Understanding Cost-effective Approaches
Authors: Kanuti Arbogasti Isidori , Monko Rehema , Alananga Samwel
Published: August 2019

Cost recovery and user satisfaction are among the core objectives of any public or quas-public good provision.  Public toilet service provision has been the domain of local government until when liberalisation policies struck the developing south.  With stringent condition to reduce the fiscal burden, local government authorities have sought to offload some of its core functions including the management of public toilets to contracted firms.  Based on regression and comparative quadrant analysis, this study evaluates cost recovery and user satisfaction in relation to public toilet condition based on a total of 729 user responses and 31 public toilet operators.  The observations point to misguided decision to place public toilet management under contracted firms instead of placing then under Public Private Partnership (PPP). The decision to place public toilets management under private contract or individual contract is only secondary to PPP if the focus is to achieve both cost recovery and user satisfaction.  However, if the focus was to achieve only cost recovery regardless of the need to protect users, then the decision would have been well founded but can be conspired inappropriate in as long as public toilets remain the domain of public good.
Financial Analysis of European Energy Companies
Authors: Leventakos Konstantinos , Dagoumas Athanasios S.
Published: August 2019

Energy union and climate stands as one of the priorities of the European commission, aiming at the provision of secure, environmentally friendly and affordable energy. European energy policy over the last two decades have reshaped energy markets challenging the profitability and viability of energy companies. The latter must prove flexible in their management, including diversification of their portfolio, proceeding on structural unbundling and extending their operations in new markets and regions. Scope of the paper is to assess the financial and liquidity performances of key European energy companies over the period 2008-2017. The focus of the analysis concerns liquidity, profitability, operational performance and capital structure. The analysis is carried out in key energy companies, selected to have an extended geographical representation. Results indicate that gas and oil companies have less risk compared to power companies, attributed mainly to debt exposure. The renewable sector, although underrepresented in the examined sample, implies potential for high profitability. The profitability of power companies is affected by the ownership of assets with low operating costs and by diversification of operations, including regulated network operations. Eastern European power companies are favored by the derogation of EU regulation, though provision of free emission allowances.
Türkiye’nin Avrupa Birliği Çıkmazı: Gümrük Birliği Anlaşması Çerçevesinde Değerlendirmeler
Authors: Ay Sema
Published: August 2019

Gümrük Birliği (GB) Anlaşmasının Türkiye’nin tam üyeliğine yönelik daha verimli işlemesi için revizyon edilmesi gerektiği düşünülmektedir. Bu düşünceden hareketle çalışmada, Türkiye için çıkmaz hale gelen Avrupa Birliği (AB) tam üyeliğine yönelik çözüm önerileri geliştirmek amaçlanmaktadır. Söz konusu amaç doğrultusunda çalışma dört bölümden oluşmaktadır. İlk bölümde, dünyadaki ekonomik entegrasyonlar ve entegrasyonlarda yaşanan değişimler yer almaktadır. İkinci bölümde, Türkiye ve AB arasındaki GB Anlaşması süreci ve yol açtığı ticari ve ekonomik gelişmeler aktarılmaktadır. Üçüncü bölümde, dünyada ekonomik entegrasyonlarda meydana gelen değişiklikler kapsamında Türkiye-AB arasındaki GB Anlaşmasının revize edilmesi gerekliliğinin nedenleri ortaya koyulmaya çalışılmaktadır. Çalışma, AB’ye tam üyelik doğrultusunda GB revizyon önerilerinin yer aldığı sonuç bölümü ile son bulmaktadır.
Kewenangan Pengujian Terhadap Keputusan Tata Usaha Negara Dalam Keadaan Darurat Menurut Sistem Hukum Indonesia
Authors: Hartati Hartati
Published: August 2019

: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menyelidiki dan menganalisis akademik lembaga peradilan yang memiliki kompetensi untuk judicial review keputusan administratif pada keadaan darurat, dan benchmarksin peradilan reviewof keputusan administratif pada keadaan darurat. Untuk realizethis tujuan, studi ini menggunakan metode yang menggunakan ofthe literatur penelitian yuridis-normatif. Bahan hukum yang diperoleh akan dianalisis dan diproses di aqualitatively. The resultsof penelitian skripsi ini adalah dengan melihat unsur-unsur yang dalam mengambil keputusan pada keadaan darurat dapat dikategorikan ke dalam keputusan bebas (vrij beschikking). Karena dalam keadaan darurat tidak diizinkan masuk ke ketentuan yang ada. Ketika Officer Administrasi mengambil beberapa keputusan tentang keadaan darurat sebagai Afree keputusan Individu yang merugikan atau badan hukum swasta, harus mengajukan gugatan. Instansi yang berwenang untuk melakukan pengujian keputusan adalah Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara Sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku. Untuk menguji Keputusan Tata Usaha yang lahir dari otoritas bebas, testoolis prinsipprinsip umum pemerintahan yang baik dengan mempertimbangkan segi kemanfaatan. Berdasarkan studi ini menyarankan, bahwa ketentuan Pasal 49 Ayat (a) harus direvisi. Dan Badan / Pejabat Administrasi dalam mengeluarkan keputusan dalam keadaan darurat harus considerin hal expediencyors hould mengacu pada Prinsip Umum Pemerintahan yang Baik.
A Doutrina Social da Igreja e a teoria do Livre-Mercado
Authors: Uliano Andre Borges
Published: August 2019

O presente trabalho visa analisar a existência ou não de compatibilidade entre o livre mercado e as lições da Doutrina Social da Igreja Católica. Para esse fim, o estudo, inicialmente, aponta quais os elementos essenciais para a existência de um mercado livre, segundo a abordagem econômica liberal da mainline economics. Após, analisa cada um desses elementos e o que os documentos do ensino social católico falam sobre eles. O trabalho encerra concluindo que há compatibilidade teórica entre liberalismo econômico e Doutrina Social católica, embora não identidade, visto que essa pode ser compatível também com outros sistemas econômicos.
Os Quatro Problemas das Instituições Econômicas e o Debate do Calculo Econômico Socialista
Authors: Batista José Hamilton dos Santos
Published: August 2019

O atual trabalho tem por objetivo simultaneamente a elaboração de um framework analítico para se organizar as relações dos problemas das instituições econômicas, em especial sua aplicação para o problema do cálculo econômico socialista e a de propor uma leitura do debate. Pouco se analisou sobre a relação dos problemas, o que levou a uma barreira linguística que impede o entendimento das propostas de Mises e Hayek. A investigação de tais problemas será guiada com base nos princípios do Racionalismo Pancrítico de Bartley-Popper, onde a análise das instituições como regras que permitem maior ou menor capacidade de aprendizado de um sistema, se transfere para os problemas econômicos e permite clarificar os dois problemas mais controversos do debate: O do conhecimento e o do seu uso. Se o artigo for bem-sucedido em clarificar tais problemas, naturalmente surge um framework de como os problemas se encaixam e onde as diferentes propostas de socialismo falham.
A Teoria Monetária Moderna:
Authors: Mueller Antony Peter , Vaz-Curado Samuel Fernandes Lucena
Published: August 2019

A Teoria Monetária Moderna (MMT) ganhou o centro do debate econômico com as recentes propostas de grandes projetos de bem-estar social e ambiental nos EUA. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar os pressupostos básicos da MMT e posicioná-la na teoria econômica. As raízes da MMT estão associadas ao economista neomarxista Michal Kalecki, que afirma que os déficits não importam. Os representantes da MMT argumentam que projetos como Medicare para todos, “Green New Deal” e garantia de emprego não enfrentam restrições fiscais. Para o governo enquanto criador soberano da moeda nacional como meio de pagamento oficial, déficits orçamentários não importam porque pode-se sempre criar a quantidade de moeda necessária para financiar seus gastos. O artigo discute as principais propostas políticas da Teoria Monetária Moderna e elabora críticas e limitações de sua agenda.
Surface geometry and screen integral
Authors: Kuyukov Vitaly
Published: August 2019

Surface geometry and screen integral
Cosmology and canonical wave function universe
Authors: Kuyukov Vitaly
Published: August 2019

The equation of canonical quantum cosmology
Review PI KP G 2019 - 2020
Authors: Hariyanto Ricco
Published: August 2019

konsumen lebih suka belanja dengan praktis dan mudah dengan teknologi saat ini.
MANAJEMEN MULTI KULTUR DI LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Suhaemi
Published: August 2019

Pemahaman manajemen multi budaya sangat penting, karena keragaman yang bersifat multi budaya dalam struktur dan komposisi angkatan kerja (personal), adanya perpaduan budaya organisasi yang berbeda (misalnya dalam kasus merger, kerja sama), kegiatan-kegiatan yang bersifat global, kegiatan-kegiatan dalam kawasan-kawasan baru yang terpadu, pluraslisme masyarakat dalam suatu negara, sehingga diperlukan suatu seni dan ilmu manajemen ke dalam konteks budaya. Keragaman budaya itu dapat saling mengenal, saling menghargai, sehingga tercapai kondisi simbiose metualistis alam keragaraman tersebut.Esensi dari manejemen multi budaya terletak pada komunikasi, baik melalui kata-kata, benda material, maupun perilaku didasarkan pada imformasi yang sebaik mungkin tentang keragaman budaya tersebu
THE EFFECT OF SERVICE QUALITY AND TRUST ON CUSTOMER LOYALTY OF WARUNG APUNG RAHMAWATI OF MOJOKERTO BRANCH
Authors: Darmawan Didit
Published: August 2019

The development of the culinary business in Mojokerto which is increasingly rapid has led to increased competition. In the industrial world the success of a culinary business is reflected in its ability to provide satisfaction to customers. One way that can be used to achieve these advantages is by applying the right quality of service and trust so that it can create customer loyalty. This study is intended to analyze the effect of service quality and trust on customer loyalty in Warung Apung Rahmawati in Mojokerto. The research method used is qualitative with explanatory research. The sampling technique uses non probability sampling. The number of samples is 100 respondents. The analytical tool used is multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS 24.0 for Windows software. The results showed that service quality significantly influence customer loyalty. Trust has a significant effect on customer loyalty.Keywords: service quality, trust, customer loyaltyABSTRAKPerkembangan bisnis kuliner di Mojokerto yang semakin pesat menyebabkan meningkatnya persaingan. Pada dunia industri keberhasilan suatu bisnis kuliner tercermin dari kemampuannya memberikan kepuasan kepada pelanggan. Salah satu cara yang dapat digunakan untuk mencapai keunggulan tersebut adalah dengan menerapkan kualitas layanan dan kepercayaan yang tepat sehingga dapat menciptakan loyalitas pelanggan. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kualitas layanan dan kepercayaan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan pada Warung Apung Rahmawati cabang Mojokerto. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan penelitian eksplanatory research. Teknik Pengambilan sampel menggunakan non probability sampling. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 100 responden. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda menggunakan software SPSS 24.0 for Windows. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas layanan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan. Kepercayaan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan.Kata-kata kunci: kualitas layanan, kepercayaan, loyalitas pelanggan
Reconsidering the Automaticity of Visual Statistical Learning
Authors: Himberger Kevin D , Finn Amy , Honey Christopher John
Published: August 2019

Statistical learning refers to the process of extracting regularities from the world without feedback. What are the necessary conditions for statistical learning to arise? It has been argued that visual statistical learning (VSL) is “automatic”, such that subjects will passively and even unconsciously extract statistical regularities from streams of visual input as long as they attend to the stimuli. In contrast, our data indicate that simply attending to stimuli is not, on its own, sufficient for learning. In Experiments 1 & 2, we provided incidental exposure to regularities in a stream of images and observed little to zero VSL across a range of conditions. In Experiment 3, we found that explicitly instructing participants to seek regularities dramatically improved their performance on direct measures of learning, but not on an indirect response time measure. Finally, in Experiments 4 & 5, we demonstrated that a methodological confound in prior work using the indirect response time measure could account for some previous evidence of automatic and implicit VSL.Overall, we found very little evidence of learning using direct measures of VSL, and no evidence of learning using an indirect response time measure. Participants who recognized visual sequence regularities in a forced-choice task could also often recreate the sequences when explicitly probed, indicating their knowledge was not entirely implicit. We suggest that some form of active engagement with stimuli may be needed to extract sequential regularities, and that VSL does not occur automatically.
Mimicking Others’ Nonverbal Signals is Associated with Increased Attitude Contagion
Authors: Skinner-Dorkenoo Allison Louise , Osnaya Adilene , Patel Bhumi , Perry Sylvia
Published: August 2019

Observing nonverbal signals being directed toward unfamiliar individuals is known to influence attitudes and behavior toward those individuals. Specifically, observing biased nonverbal signals in favor of one individual over another can produce nonverbal signal-consistent attitudes among preschool children. Research has also shown that people have a tendency to mimic the behavior of others. The phenomenon of mimicking another’s nonverbal emotional response and “catching” their emotions has long been established. However, it has yet to be examined whether this phenomenon is associated with attitude contagion. We hypothesized that preschool children who mimic the biased nonverbal signals of others will be more likely to adopt their social attitudes. Results of the current study indicated that as emotional mimicry became more frequent, children showed an increasingly greater probability of acquiring nonverbal signal-consistent attitudes. Moreover, the frequency of negative—but not positive—emotional mimicry was related to an increased probability of showing nonverbal signal-consistent attitudes. Our findings provide initial support for the notion that mimicking others’ biased nonverbal signals may help facilitate attitude contagion.
The role of climatic and environmental factors in the Hunnic phenomenon in south-east Europe
Authors: Hakenbeck Susanne
Published: August 2019

The causes of the Hunnic ‘phenomenon’ in south-east Europe and its impact on the populations of the late Roman provinces may be found in a complex web of climatic and environmental affordances, economic responses and resulting changes to social organisation. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that there was indeed an influx of people from regions north of the Black Sea or further east in the fourth century CE, but there is no indication of a large-scale migration from central Asia. It is possible that the climatic downturn and increased aridity in the 430s to 450s disrupted both the economic organisation of the incomers and that of the local Romanised population, requiring both to adopt new subsistence strategies. Such shared subsistence strategies may have engendered a sense of a shared identity. Rather than a clash of cultures, we see evidence of close integration and adaptive strategies to ancestral and newly encountered life-ways.
Adult ADHD in the Arab World: A review
Authors: Hayek Ghinwa El , Saab Dahlia , Farhat Claudia , Krayem Zaher , Karam Elie
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been mainly studied in children, even though it persists into adulthood; only recently has adult ADHD received the required attention. ADHD research in Arab speaking countries is relatively scarce.

Objectives: This scoping review has as objectives to provide a comprehensive overview of adult ADHD research in the 22 Arab countries, to identify gaps in the literature and inform future research.

Methods: The scoping review is underpinned by the five-stage framework of Arksey and O'Malley. Eight electronics databases were searched for published and unpublished literature as well as conference proceedings from conception date of databases until February 2018.

Results: The literature search yielded 2,792 citations after removal of duplicates, out of which 11 articles and conference proceedings were included. Publications were concentrated in the 21st century. ADHD diagnosis and sample differed between each study, where a variety of screening and diagnostic tools were used among clinical and community samples. National prevalence of adult ADHD only exists for Lebanon and Iraq as they are part of the World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys initiative. Also, adult ADHD is highly comorbid with bipolar and substance use disorder and related entities.

Conclusions: This is the first methodologically rigorous scoping review focusing solely on adult ADHD in the Arab region. We found that adult ADHD is quite prevalent in the Arab World where studied, linked to serious impairment, and is highly comorbid, yet it is under-researched and undertreated across the Middle East and North Africa.
Manage Stress to Tackle Mental Health Problems in the Workplace
Authors: Mickel Amy Elizabeth
Published: August 2019

The number of people suffering from mental health problems in the workplace is alarming. As costs resulting from lost productivity increase, so does the need for work organizations to address mental health issues. Because stress negatively contributes to mental health, employers are encouraged to tackle mental health problems by assisting employees with stress management. In addition to creating a supportive environment, training employees on boundary and coping strategies, promoting and supporting daily recovery efforts, and encouraging and facilitating access to social support are described as three approaches work organizations may want to embrace.
Aptamers and Cancer
Authors: Yazdanpanahi Nasrin , Hashemi Mehrdad , Movafagh Abolfazl
Published: August 2019

Oligonucleotides Aptamers are single strands of DNA and RNA with the length of 20-100 nucleotides or peptides and unique three dimensional structure that is affected by nucleotide sequence. The structure exclusively influences aptamers’ bindings with its target molecule. It reduces performance or inactivate protein and this feature is used for therapeutic purposes. In addition and through connecting to signature molecule, aptamers are used to detect specific proteins. High efficiency of aptamer technology makes them a valuable tool for diagnosing and treating different diseases including cancer. The present study is an attempt to review recent studies in this field.
Respect for Human Dignity in Caring for Patients with Cancer in Ilam, Perspectives of Patients and Nurses
Authors: Borji Milad , Mousavi Moghadam Seyyed Rahmatollah , Meymizade Mehdi
Published: August 2019

Objectives: Human dignity is one of the most important characteristics and ethical concerns in nursing care. This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating respect for human dignity in care for patients with cancer from both patients’ and nurses' perspectives.Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 150 patients with cancer and 150 healthcare nurses were selected through convenience sampling. Data was collected from patients and nurses using a human dignity questionnaire about patient care; the validity and reliability of the questionnaire had been confirmed by previous studies. Data analysis was done using SPSS 20 software to carry out a statistical-descriptive test (mean and standard deviation) and statistical-inferential tests (t-test and one-way ANOVA).Results: According to the findings, for both patients and nurses, human dignity is very important in care for patients with cancer. Results also indicated that nurses consider respect for human dignity in patients with cancer to be at a desirable level, while from patients' perspective, it is low.Conclusions: Due to patients’ feeling that respect for human dignity is low in care for patients with cancer, it is necessary to implement appropriate nursing interventions to increase human dignity in care for patients with cancer.
Global Liver Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates, the Role of Human Development Index
Authors: Soheylizad Mokhtar , Mansori Kamyar , Ayubi Erfan , Jenabi Ensiyeh , Veisani Yousef , Khosravi Shadmani Fatemeh , Mansouri Hanis Shiva , Moradi Yousef , Khazaei Salman
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Liver cancer (LC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide which have been a major public health challenge worldwide. This study aimed to identify the global effect of HDI in the incidence and mortality rates of liver LC. Material and Methods: Data about the incidence and mortality rate of LC for the year 2012 was obtained from the global cancer project for 172 countries. Data about the HDI and other indices were obtained for 169 countries from the United Nations Development Programme database in 2012. Linear regression models were used for assessment of the HDI effect on LC occurrence rates. Inequality in the age-specific incidence and mortality rates (ASR) of LC according to the HDI were assessed by using the concentration index.Results: Linear regression model showed that increasing of HDI had a negative effect on the increase in both incidence (B=-12.2, P=0.03) and mortality (B=-12.7, P=0.015) rates of LC. The mean of life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, GNI per capita, percent of urbanization, and age-standardized obesity had also a negative effect on increasing in both incidence and mortality rates.Conclusion: incidence and mortality rate of LC are significantly concentrated in regions with medium and low HDI. The negative relationship between LC incidence and mortality with HDI and its component can be considered as targets for prevention and treatment intervention or tracking geographic disparities.
Substitution Analysis in Nutrition Sciences: A Tutorial
Authors: Doaei Saeid , Mosavi Jarrahi Alireza , Gholamalizadeh Maryam , Nazarzadeh Milad
Published: August 2019

Evaluating the effects of nutrients in our diet needs to enter more than one nutrient item (or food groups) in a single statistical unit. Accordingly, not only we consider the effects of a nutrient in health-related subjects, but also we find out the consequences of replacing and deleting nutrients. In nutritional epidemiology, substitutional analysis is used to evaluate the effects of various nutrients on a specific outcome. In the substitutional analysis, when some nutrients or foods are included in a single statistical model, investigation of the effects of several nutrients on the specific outcome is more achievable. The objective of this paper was to provide a detailed examination of the key aspects of substitutional analysis in nutritional sciences.
Studying Variation in Cell Apoptosis Caused by Corticosteroids in Thymus of the Rat
Authors: Dustar Yusef , Hashemi Mehrdad , Malayeri Heidar , Ghazi Jahani Zahra , Neshat Gharamaleki Mehrdad , Shaveisi Zadeh Farhad , Karaminia Ali Asghar , Movafagh Abolfazl
Published: August 2019

Background and purpose: Apoptosis or planned death of cells is the main mechanism in completion and hemostasis of mature tissues to terminate useless, contaminated, and mutated/damaged cells through internal suicide pathways. One of the agents that creates apoptosis signals is glucocorticoids. As the representative of corticosteroid drugs, dexamethasone can induce apoptosis via internal endonuclease. Therefore, dexamethasone was used as a synthetic glucocorticoid in rats. The effects of dexamethasone on thymocyte of rats, morphological features of apoptotic cells, and the relationship between drug dosage and severity of apoptosis were examined. Methodology: A treatment group with four subgroups (each with five rats) namely T-a, T-b- T-c, and T-a was formed and received IP dexamethasone of 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5mg per one-kilogram body weight respectively. In addition, a control group with similar subgroups was formed. Thymus gland of the subjects of both groups was removed six hours after injection. The samples were examined using electron and optical microscopes.Findings: Examinations by optical microscope revealed round or elliptic apoptotic cytoplasmic bodies with or without nucleus basophil materials along with crescentic bodies of chromatin on the apoptotic cells. In addition, electronic microscope images reveled marginal augmentation of nucleus chromatin in osmiophilic forms detached from nucleus fibrillary centers along with a disordered cellular region, endoplasmic reticulum complication, and nucleus fragmentation. There was a direct and significant relationship between the dosage of the drug and the severity of apoptosis.Conclusion and Recommendations: The results showed that standard and higher dosages of corticosteroid stimulated DNA fragmentation in thymocytes and apoptosis of thymocytes induced by corticosteroid is a calcium-depended process.
Genetics Poly Cystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Bahadori Atekeh , Khazamipour Afrouz , D.Farhud Dariush
Published: August 2019

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a complicated hereditary disorder which does not have specific reason and 6-10% of women at fertility age are involved. In other word we can say that this syndrome is a familial hereditary syndrome which developed with combination of environmental and genetic factors. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is related to cardiovascular diseases and has psychological and neurological effects on life quality as well as uterine and breast cancers. The main criteria for diagnosis of polycystic ovarian syndrome are chronic anovulation and hyperandogenism and the sub-criteria are insulin resistance, hirsutism and obesity onset at menarche age, anovulation alternatively is associated with increased testosterone level and DHEA-S. The cause of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCO) is unknown, but it could be the result of complex genetic factors which are evident at puberty onset, also hereditary and non-hereditary factors could be the cause of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCO) pheno ype. In many women with polycystic ovarian syndrome, the insulin level is high. It seems that high levels of insulin increase androgens production. High levels of androgens can cause acne, supernumerary hair growth, weight gain, and ovulation problem.Conclusion: Early diagnosis and treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome could help to reduce long-term complications such as diabetes type II, high blood pressure, heart disease and stroke.
My Experience Regarding to Hydatidiform Mole as a Precancerous Condition
Authors: Shamshiri Milani Hourieh
Published: August 2019

In 1983, when I was in the first year of residency in Obstetrics and Gynecology, an eighteen years old mother died by invasive mole. Since the past 30 years, Mole hydadidiform (HM) as the origin of more invasive forms of Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia (GTN) which affects women’s health, has been as one of my concerns and I would like to share my perception and experience in this way with you.
Exposure to Air Pollution and Risk of Cancer in Children- A Case Control Study
Authors: Mazloumi Tabrizi Maral , Hosseini Seyed Ahmad , Akbarzadeh Khiyavi Azim
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Children are one of the easiest affected group from environmental deterioration and detrimental factors, Due to their biological and behavioral differences. And childhood cancer has considered as one of the most common cause of death in children in developing countries. Exposure to some environmental factors during childhood can increase the risk of cancer in the offspring.Methods: This study aimed to evaluate the role of living in the pollutant regions and exposure to cigarette or hookah smoke on the incidence of cancer in children. This case-control study was considered 22 cases and 100 controls, under 10 years, who was born and lived in pollutant regions of Tehran in 2014-2015. Results and Disscotion: Regarding the important risk factors: familial background of underlying diseases or cancer. However, in this ages, the Familial background of cancer is considered as the most crucial risk factor of the incidence of cancer in children (P=0.000, OR=7.639, CI 95% 4.230-13.794). Moreover, the second most significant item is live in regions with polluted air (P=0.019, OR=4.222, CI 95% 1.172-15.211).
Improving the Efficacy of Cisplatin using Niosome Nanoparticles Against Human Breast Cancer Cell Line BT-20 : An In Vitro Study
Authors: Kanaani Leila , Mazloumi Tabrizi Maral , Akbarzadeh Khiyavi Azim , Javadi Iraj
Published: August 2019

Objective: Today, cancer is one the most important challenges in modern medicine. Meanwhile, breast cancer is one of the most common causes of mortality among cancers. The initial response to the treatment and then becoming resistant to the cisplatin is one of basal challenges of treatment of breast cancer. Recently, using nanotechnology including drug nanocarrier named niosome can decrease adverse effects and increase the efficiency of treatment. Material and Methods: The aim of this research was to investigate using niosome nanoparticles containing cisplatin and investigation of their lethal effect on breast cancer cell line. Results: We found that using niosome nanoparticles can provide a suitable formulation of cisplatin drug. Conclusion: The efficiency of nanoniosome cisplatin was more than free drug, decreasing the administered dose and therefore the damage to other tissues.
Molecular Analysis of Acquired Tamoxifen Resistance in Breast Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Abachi Mansour , Salati Monir , Araghi Shahram , Shirkoohi Reza , Eslamifar Ali
Published: August 2019

Background: Tamoxifen is an FDA approved drug for the prevention and the treatment of breast cancer, but its therapeutic benefit is limited by the development of drug resistance. Many Studies suggest that a basic biological difference exists between tumors with acquired tamoxifen resistance and those with intrinsic resistance to the drug. However the reasons why human mammary tumors become resistant to tamoxifen therapy are mainly unknown. Changes in gene expression may occur as cells acquire resistance to tamoxifen. A better understanding of gene expression alterations associated with tamoxifen resistance will facilitate circumventing this problem.Methods: We undertook a comparative gene expression analysis of tamoxifen-sensitive (MCF7 and T47D) and acquired tamoxifen-resistant human breast cancer cell lines (T47D tamoxifen resistant) in vitro models using Real-time PCR, to analyze differential gene expression. These genes were functionally linked to 4 major groups named as ER signaling/cell cycling, EGFR signaling, cancer stem cell (CSCs) and apoptosis.Results: Our results have been widely demonstrated that the altered expression of some genes involved in apoptosis, EGFR signaling, CSCs and Cell cycle-independent expression of estrogen receptor such as ESR1, TP53, CDKN1B, Casp3, CD44, CD24, BAX, Bcl2, Her2, and PTEN in T47D tamoxifen resistant cell line can be resulted in drug resistance in long-term treatment.Conclusions: Our findings correspond with the results of many earlier studies indicated tamoxifen resistance can be a result from combination of molecular mechanisms including Her2 activation, cell cycle progression out of ESR1 control, increased ratio of CSCs and inhibition of mitochondrial apoptosis.
Assessment of Cytotoxicity on Moringa Olifera Against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma in Swiss Albino Mice
Authors: Devi T Gokila , Suryadevara S Nagaraja , L R Gopinath
Published: August 2019

Objective: The present study determines the potent cytotoxic and antitumor properties of methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves.Material and Method: The leaves were collected from in and around Tiruchengode of Nammakal district of Tamilnadu. The collected leaves were shade dried and powdered and the Methanolic extract was extracted using the soxhlet apparatus. In-vitro cytotoxicity study was done by Tryphan Blue Dye Exclusion method and MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethyl thiazolyl-2)-2, 5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. In short-term cytotoxicity study by Tryphan Blue Dye Exclusion method the IC50 value against EAC cell lines was found to be 163.91 µg/ml. In Long-term cytotoxicity study by MTT assay the IC50 value against Normal Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast (NIH 3T3) was found to be 260.85 µg/ml for Human Cervical Cancer cells (HeLA) was 182.41 µg/ml for Human Laryngeal Epithelial Carcinoma (HeP-2) was 195.93. µg/ml and for Human Liver Cancer cells (HepG2) was 168.61 µg/ml. The MST of the control group was 17.33 ± 1.53 days, whereas it was 43.67 ± 1.15, 23.67 ± 1.53 and 33.33 ± 1.53 days for the groups treated with MMO (200 and 400mg/kg) and 5 FU respectively (0.001 & 0.001). The increase in lifespan of Tumour-bearing mice treated with MMO and 5-FU was found to be 36. 75, 92.78 and 152.84 respectively.Result: Haematological parameters of a tumour bearing mice on the day 14 were showed significant changes when compared to normal mice. The total WBC count, protein and PCV were found to increase with a reduction in the hemoglobin content of RBC. At the same time interval, MMO (200 and 400mg/kg) treatment could change these parameters near normal. Maximum alternation occurred in the MMO treatment at the dose of (400mg/kg). There was the significant reduction in the Tumour volume of mice treated with MMO (200 and 400 mg/kg/p.o.). The Tumour volume of control animals was 2. 92 ± 0.12 ml where it was 2.55 ± 0.11 ml and 1.82 ± 0.04 ml for the groups treated with MMO (200 and 400mg/kg/p.o) respectively (P < 0.01 & 0.005).Coclusion: The present study provides clear evidence, that the extract of Moringa olifera shows effective cytotoxicity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells in Swiss albino mice. A further study about the active principles and mechanism of action of the Methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera at the molecular level was needed.
Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Cancer-testis Antigen Poor Malignancy
Authors: Faramarzi Sepideh , Ghafouri-Fard Soudeh
Published: August 2019

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a relatively frequent cancer with increasing incidence in some regions. There is a need for early diagnosis of this cancer as a significant number of patients develop metastasis in their clinical course. Cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) are a group of tumor associated antigens whose expression has been assessed in a wide range of malignancies. CTAs are also considered as immunotherapy targets. Considering the relative responsiveness of RCC patients to immunotherapy, expression analysis of CTAs in RCC is of clinical importance. However, data regarding expression of CTAs in RCC is scarce except for a few numbers of CTAs including NY-ESO-1. The expression pattern of CTAs in RCC samples and cell lines is reviewed in this manuscript.
Synthesis of Paclitaxel Loaded on Nanoparticles of Archaeosomes and Investigation of Its Anti-cancer Properties
Authors: Mazloumi Tabrizi Maral , Jafarzadeh Rastin Sepideh , Kabiri Nahid , Akbarzadeh Khiyavi Azim
Published: August 2019

Objective: In this study, the effect of archaeosomal paclitaxel drug on breast cancer MDA-MB231 cell lines was evaluated. Material and method: The experiments were conducted to assess the cytotoxicity of paclitaxel in free form and compare it with archaeosomal form of the drug in vitro. To check the size of archaeosomes, Zetasizer device (DLS) was used. The average size of archaeosom nanoparticles containing paclitaxel drugs 430 nm and surface charge -15 and the average size of control archaeosom nanoparticles without drug 460 nm and surface charge -14 were reported. The effect of archaeosomal drug containing paclitaxel and free drug were examined by MTT test.Results: In both formulations, zeta potential was negative. Nano-archaeosom containing paclitaxel drug had higher physical stability compared with control nano-Archaeosom. Tests showed the killing effect of nano-archaeosome containing paclitaxel formulation tumor cells was more than free formulation. In the other word, nano-archaeosome containing paclitaxel is more effective than free paclitaxel.Conclusion: The experiments showed that the killing effect of tumor cells of nano-archaeosomes formulations containing paclitaxel was more than free formulation. That is, nano-archaeosomes containing paclitaxel was more effective than free form paclitaxel.
In Vitro Genotoxic Effects of Zerumbone and Cisplatin Combination in CHO Cell Lines
Authors: Al-Zubairi Adel Sharaf
Published: August 2019

Objective: Several natural products are being increasingly used in the treatment of cancer to minimize the adverse side effects of cancer chemotherapy. Zerumbone (ZER), the sesquiterpene derived from Zingiber zerumbet Smith, has been reported to have an in vitro anticancer effects against various human tumour cells as well as in vivo against a number of induced malignancies in mice. Previously we have reported the genotoxic effects of ZER in vitro against CHO cell lines. Material and Method: The aim of this study was to investigate the genotoxic effects of the combination of ZER along with cisplatin in CHO cells. Two cytogenetic endpoints were used, namely Chromosomal Aberrations assay (CA) and Micronucleus test (MN). Both cytogenetic endpoints were performed without any metabolic activation. Result: ZER treated cultures showed the significant increase in the frequency of the chromosome aberrations and MN induction. In CA assay, marked changes have been observed after co-treatment of CHO cell lines with different concentration of ZER along with 5 µM Cisplatin when compared to ZER treatment alone, suggesting a possible synergistic genetoxic effects. Whereas, treatment of CHO cell lines with different concentrations of ZER along with 2.5 µM Cisplatin was found to reduce chromosomal aberrations, suggesting an antagonistic genotoxic effect. On the other hand, in MN induction test, co-treatment of CHO cell lines with both 2.5 µM and 5 µM Cisplatin and different concentration of ZER found to reduce the genotoxic effects compared to the 2.5 µM and 5 µM Cisplatin alone suggesting an antagonistic genotoxic effect.Conclusion: The genotoxic effects of combined low concentrations of Cisplatin with different concentrations of ZER could have an antagonist genotoxic potential in vitro in CHO cell lines.
Clinicopathological Characteristics and Survival Status of Male Breast Cancer, a Single Center Experience
Authors: Shiryazdi Seyed Mostafa , Abrishami Nazila , Forat-Yazdi Mohammad , Mortazavizadeh Seyed Mohammad Reza , Neamatzadeh Hossein
Published: August 2019

Background and objective: Male breast cancer is a rare condition and its underlying mechanism is not well understood. Therefore, we conducted this study to find out the clinicopathological characteristics of a series of male breast cancer consecutively treated in Yazd, Iran, over a 15-year period. Material and method: We retrospectively analyzed clinicopathological characteristics using a cohort of 39 male breast cancer patients who were surgically treated at the Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Yazd, Iran, between 2001 and 2016. The demographic data, age, histology, disease stage, hormone receptor (HR) status, overall survival status, surgery treatment procedures, adjuvant treatment, and tumor stage were registered. A total of 39 male breast cancer patients were included. Results: The median age at diagnosis was 57.92 years (range, 21-95 years). Eight patients (20.5%) had family history of breast cancer. The collective 2-, 5-, and 10-year survival in our cohort was 83.4%, 43.2%, and 10.3%, respectively. The disease stage was significantly associated with overall survival (p=0.001). Conclusion: In our cohort, survival rates as well as the median age at diagnosis were lower than those reported in previous reports. Moreover, the disease stage was a main independent prognostic factor for survival.
A Potential Effect of Rh-BMP2 on P53 Gene Expression in the Proceeding Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Hamsters
Authors: Zaid Khaled , Barakat Charif , Murad Rashad , Abou Qersh Nour , Chantiri Mansour
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), belonging to the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, regulate many cellular activities. The Use of recombinant human bone morphogenic protein‑2 (rhBMP‑2) in oral and maxillofacial surgery has seen a tremendous increase, yet the relation between RH-BMP2 and oral squamous cell carcinoma cells (OSCC) is not fully clear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of RH-BMP2 on p53, a tumor suppressor gene, which is reported to be the most frequent target for genetic alterations leading to cancer during the progression of OSCC in the golden Syrian hamster Buccal pouches.Materials and methods: Buccal pouches of 34 hamsters were painted with 0.5% DMBA in liquid paraffin three times per week for 14 weeks. 0.25μg of rhBMP-2 were injected in the 1st, 7th and 49th days in the Test group (BMP2 group: 17 hamsters), then biopsies were extracted. Expression of P53 was immunohistochemically investigated in the cancerous tissues.Results: p53 expression was noticed in 33.11% of “BMP2 group” samples and in 23.19% of “control group” samples, a valuable statistical difference was noticed P<0.05between the two groups.Conclusion: 0.25μg of rhBMP-2 affects clearly on p53 expression within OSCC cells. BMPs should not be utilized in the presence of a developed oral cancer till more investigations clarify its fully roles and functions in this type of malignancies.
Selective Toxicity of Non-polar Bioactive Compounds of Sea Cucumber (Holothuria sabra) Extracts on Isolated Mitochondria and Hepatocytes of Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Rat Model
Authors: Seyed Razi Nina , Arast Yalda , Nazemi Melika , Pourahmad Jalal
Published: August 2019

objective: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most malignant of liver cancer globally. Anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, scientists have begun to further investigate the natural bioactive compounds found in marine animals. Holothuria sabra (H. sabra), a sea cucumber is known to show the mentioned properties. method: This study examined the selective toxicity of different dilutions of polar and non-polar extracts (n-hexane, diethyl ether, methanolic and aqueous) obtained from H. sabra, on hepatocytes and isolated mitochondria obtained from hepatocellular carcinoma induced rats. In order to induce HCC on rats, diethyl nitrosamine (DEN) was injected followed by 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF). Finally, hepatocytes and mitochondria isolated from cancerous and normal hepatocytes were applied for subsequent investigations.Results: Our results show that different concentrations (250, 500 and 1000µg/ml) of the n-hexane, diethyl ether and methanolic extracts significantly (p<0.05) induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and mitochondrial swelling, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) disruption, increased cytochrome c release and induced the cell apoptosis phenotypes only in HCC hepatocytes and mitochondria in a time-and concentration dependent manner. Conclusion: Our results suggest that bioactive compounds found in H. sabra can potentially serve as anti-HCC molecules if further studies such as molecular identification, confirmatory in vivo experiments and clinical trials receive satisfactory results.
Cytotoxic Activity of Some Azole Derivatives
Authors: Faghih Zeinab , Rezaei Zahra , Jamshidzade Akram , Keshavarz Aboozar , Khabnadideh Soghra
Published: August 2019

Azole derivatives are an important class of compounds in medicinal chemistry with a wide variety of biological activities. We previously described synthesis and antimicrobial evaluations of some new Azole derivatives. Most of our compounds showed desirable activity against different species of microorganisms. Here, we chose seventeen of these compounds, in four different groups including imidazole (group a, 1a-6a), 2-methylimidazole (group b, 1b-4b), 2-methyl-4-nitroimidazole (group c, 1c-4c) and benzimidazole (group d, 1d-3d) to further evaluate their cytotoxic activities against a human cancer cell line (HepG2) in comparison to cisplatin using colorimetric MTT cytotoxic assay. We also compared their cytotoxic activities with clotrimazole to find the safer compounds as antimicrobial agents. Our results indicated that Azole compounds including 2b, 4c, 2d and 3d displayed desirable anti-tumor activities against HepG2 (IC50<50μM) and might be considered as potential anticancer agents for further studies. The o her compounds with less cytotoxicity compared to clotrimazole could introduce as good candidates for antimicrobial agents.