bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FROM PROTECTION OF PROPERTY TO A USELESS DISTINCTION: THE CONCEPTS OF PUBLIC UTILITY AND PUBLIC NECESSITY (UTILIDADE E NECESSIDADE PÚBLICA) IN THE BRAZILIAN LAW OF EXPROPRIATION (1826-1941) - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2024v84p45
Authors: Barrêtto de Almeida Costa Arthur
Published: September 2024

In 1826, the Brazilian parliament established two statutory causes for expropriation: public utility and public necessity. These terms were borrowed from French law, but gained a legislative meaning in Brazil that they did not have in Europe. This article discusses why the two concepts were created and how they were appropriated by doctrine and jurisprudence until they were united in the concept of public “utility or necessity” present in the expropriation law of 1941 and in the 1988 Constitution. I use mainly the annals of parliament to identify the theories that shaped the legal text of 1826 and the expropriation law of 1845. Second, I use texts from legal journals mainly from the early 20th century to identify to what extent the division between public utility and necessity was still operative, especially as it was incorporated in the 1916 civil code. I conclude that the division between public utility and necessity was proposed in 1826 to allow the state greater power to act without giving discretion to the executive branch. In 1845, the rules of expropriation for public utility were relaxed and the distinction lost much of its practical meaning. At the beginning of the 20th century, doctrine still discussed the distinction, but jurisprudence focused on the public character or not of the work. In the end, I discuss the role of history vis-à-vis dogmatics and how historians can help jurists understand legal texts more adequately.
FOLKLORİK KORKU SİNEMASINDA DOĞANIN ÖTEKİLEŞTİRİLMESİ
Authors: Tuğan Nuray Hilal
Published: September 2024

Folklorik unsurları korku sineması uylaşımları içerisinde ele alan bir alttür olarak folklorik korku sineması başlangıçta 1968 tarihli Witchfinder General, The Blood on Satan’s Claw (1971) ve 1973 tarihli The Wicker Man filmleri ile karakterize edilmektedir. Özellikle 1960’ların sonu ve 1970’lerde çekilen bir dizi İngiliz korku filminde folklorik korku alttürüne atfedilen benzer temaların tekrar edildiği görülmektedir. Alttüre olan ilgi ise yakın tarihli bir dizi filmle birlikte yeniden artmış, kırsal manzaralar, batıl inançlar ve mitolojik öykülerden beslenen bu anlatılar çağdaş korku sinemasına folklorik öğelerin korkutucu ve ilgi çekici yönlerini ele almaya olanak sağlamıştır. Bu filmler belirli kültür ve toplulukların folkloru, batıl inançları ve halk öyküleriyle derin bir ilişki içerisinde bulunmakta ve doğanın tekinsizliği folklorik korku filmlerinin temel temalarından birini oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada bu temaları tekrarlayan benzer filmlerin bir alttür olarak sınıflandırılmasından ziyade, yakın tarihli folklorik korku sineması örneklerinde doğanın öteki olarak kurulma ve temsil biçimlerinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmaktadır. Özellikle kırsal bölgelerdeki yalıtılmışlık hikayelerine odaklanan bu filmlerde doğa ve insan ilişkisinin ele alınma biçimleri korku öğeleri üzerinden gerçekleşmektedir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda The Witch (2015), The Ritual (2017), Midsommar (2019), Gretel ve Hansel (2020), Antlers (2021) ile Lamb (2021) ve Men (2022) filmlerinde doğanın ve kırsalın folklorik korku sinemasında temsil biçimleri Film Stili, Toplumsal Bağlam ve Endüstriyel Bağlam kategorilerini içeren tür filmi eleştirisi temelli bir film çözümleme modeli ile incelenmiş ve bu filmlerde özellikle doğa, kadın ve kültür ilişkisine ataerkil ve antroposentrik bakış açısının yeniden üretildiği görülmüştür.
Kukla Geleneğinin Günümüzdeki İcra Ortamları Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: Gürsoy Bostan Çiğdem
Published: September 2024

Kuklacılık, kökeni Orta Asya’ya dayanan köklü bir gelenek olarak toplumu çeşitli konularda eğiten ve eğlendiren bir araç olarak günümüze kadar süregelen bir gelenektir. Kuklalar başta çocuk oyunlarının bir parçası iken zamanla tiyatro sahnesine taşınmış ve mizahi eleştiriye dayanan hikâyelerin anlatılmasında önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Ancak bu gelenek, zaman içinde eleştirel yapısını kaybederek çocuklara yönelik eğitici bir unsur olarak kabul edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, yıllar içinde yaşanan çeşitli sosyal ve politik gelişmeler sayesinde, kukla geleneği tiyatro perdesinin dışına çıkarak her yaştan insana hitap edecek şekilde farklı icra ortamlarında yaşatılmaya devam etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, kuklanın eğitici ve eğlendirici içerik olarak kullanıldığı medya programları, tiyatro grupları ve festivaller ile kukla yapımı ve icrasına yönelik eğitim veren atölye çalışmaları incelenmiştir. Bununla ilgili olarak çalışmada, söz konusu icra ortam ve yöntemlerinin kukla geleneğinin sürdürülmesindeki rolünün belirlenmesi ve kukla geleneğinin Türk sosyokültürel yaşamındaki rolüne ilişkin bir değerlendirme yapılması amaçlanmaktadır.
TOPLUMSAL BELLEĞİN İNŞASINDA BİR HATIRLA(T)MA PRATİĞİ OLARAK BİLGİ YARIŞMALARI: 15 TEMMUZ BİLGİ YARIŞMASI ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Zamur Tuncer Rabia
Published: September 2024

15 Temmuz 2016 darbe girişimi oldukça fazla can kaybına sebep olmuş, gündelik hayat pratiklerini etkilemiş, siyasal iktidar tarafından yeni bir toplumsal bellek inşasının gerekliliğini vurgulayan bir yaklaşım, üretim ve alımlama süreci başlatmış ve kısa sürede birçok farklı hatırla(t)ma figürünün görünür kılınmasını sağlamıştır. 15 Temmuz darbe girişiminin ardından, toplumsal belleğin kültürel öğeleri ve hatırlamanın somutlandığı kodlar Türkiye’nin farklı illerinde inşa edilen anıtlar, metinler, imgeler, hafıza mekânları aracılığıyla yeniden üretilmiş ve bir hatırla(t)ma figürü olarak dolaşıma girmiştir. Bu odak noktasından yola çıkan çalışma kapsamında, geçmişi hatırlamanın bir yolu olarak inşa edilen figürlerden biri olarak kabul edilen bilgi yarışmalarının, belleğin inşasıyla nasıl ilişkilendiğinin ve toplumsal bellek kaybolup giderken bizzat varlıklarıyla belleği canlı tutma işlevini yerine getirmeye nasıl bir katkıda bulunabileceğinin 15 Temmuz Bilgi Yarışması adlı mobil uygulamada yer alan sorular üzerinden tespit edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Söz konusu amaç doğrultusunda, nitel araştırma desenlerinden bütüncül tek durum çalışma deseni kapsamında, bilgi yarışmasında yer alan sorularda 15 Temmuz 2016 tarihli darbe girişimine ilişkinin bilginin nasıl ve hangi temalarda tanımlandığı, kullanılan dilin özellikleri incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, toplumsal belleğin belirli bir bağlamda inşası için hatırla(t)ma figürlerinin ön plana çıkarıldığı ve 15 Temmuz’un belirli kişiler, yer, zaman, nesneler ve sözcükler özelinde canlı tutulmaya çalışıldığı tespit edilmiştir.
Psychometric properties of the self-report questionnaire on occupational balance in university students with game addiction
Authors:   Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand., Phuprasoet Naphatsorn , Sriphetcharawut Sarinya ,   Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand, Sirisatayawong Pornpen ,   Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand, Thummasorn Savitree ,   Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
Published: September 2024

Background: The prevalence of adolescents and young adults playing games on the internet is increasing worldwide. However, excessive game playing can cause game addiction among adolescents. Studies have demonstrated that game addiction increases the risks of physical and mental health problems, leading to occupational performance issues. Nevertheless, what level of game addiction impacts occupational health issues is controversial. Therefore, this study focused on occupational balance, an individual’s perception of a proper amount and diversity of activities. The study demonstrated that occupational imbalance could lead to a decrease in an individual’s occupational performance. However, an appropriate instrument for screening occupational balance in young adults with game addiction has never been studied yet, especially in a Thai version. Objective: This study aimed to develop a self-report questionnaire on occupational balance for Thai university students with game addiction. Materials and methods: The questionnaire consisted of 21 items divided into four dimensions, including the individual’s perceptions of participating in meaningful activities, having the proper proportion of time to perform occupations, having the appropriate variety of professions, and being satisfied with their health and well-being. In addition, the psychometric properties of a questionnaire were investigated. Results: The questionnaire had sufficient validity and good internal consistency for screening occupational balance in Thai university students with game addiction. The questionnaire was divided into four dimensions, each with good construct validity and internal consistency. Conclusion: The questionnaire was valid and reliable for evaluating occupational balance for Thai university students with game addiction. This information can provide a new occupational therapy instrument for identifying occupational balance in the population with game addiction.
Look What You Made Me Do: Jewish Swifties and A Fundraiser for Gaza
Authors: Reingold Matt
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT: In December 2023, Taylor Swift attended a comedy show fundraiser for Palestinians in Gaza. A qualitative study was conducted with 23 11th and 12th grade students who self-identified as emotionally connected to both Israel and Swift to assess how these students understood Swift's attendance and whether it affected their parasocial relationships with her. By making use of the concepts of influencer betrayal and parasocial breakups, I demonstrate the ways in which the adolescents tried to make sense of how a celebrity with whom many felt close to could choose to attend an event whose purpose clashed strongly with their love of Israel. The study captures a moment in time and how a group of Jewish teens came to distance themselves from a parasocial relationship that had provided them great meaning when they felt that the object of their affection betrayed them by seemingly allying with a pro-Palestinian cause.
Thermal lensing and small signal gain measurements in a pulsed blue diode pumped Ti:sapphire amplifier at room temperature
Authors: Hug Daniel , Dax Andreas , Trisorio Alexandre , Carreto Romain , Südmeyer Thomas , Resan Bojan
Published: September 2024

Ultra short pulse Ti:sapphire lasers, crucial for most demanding applications, have traditionally been complex and costly due to their pump sources. GaN-based laser diodes offer new prospects for pumping, yet challenges persist in achieving sufficient Ti:sapphire output power and beam quality. We introduce what we believe to be a novel approach using pulsed blue laser diode pumping of a Ti:sapphire amplifier. Experimental setups with free-space output and fiber-delivered laser diodes are used to measure small signal gain (SSG) and thermal lensing. Results show the potential of fiber-delivered blue laser diodes, achieving an SSG >33% with reduced thermal load, paving the way for compact and low cost blue laser diode-pumped Ti:sapphire amplifiers at room temperature.
Optical properties of 1D-photonic time quasicrystals
Authors: Bezerra Claudionor , Araújo Anny , Azevedo Sergio , Costa Carlos , Viswanathan Gandhi
Published: September 2024

Photonic time crystals are materials in which the refractive index varies periodically and suddenly in time. This material exhibits unusual properties such as momentum bands separated by gaps. Because of the sudden change in the optical properties, the light propagating in these materials experiences time-refraction and time-reflection, analogous to refraction and reflection in conventional photonic crystals. Interference between time-refracted and time-reflected waves gives rise to Floquet-Bloch states and dispersion bands, which are momentum gapped. In this paper, we employ a transfer-matrix treatment to study the propagation of light waves in photonic time quasicrystals composed of two alternating building slabs, $A$ and $B$, constructed according to Fibonacci, Thue-Morse and Double-Period sequences. We present numerical results for the photonic band structure in terms of the dimensionless wave-vector $\bar{k} = k / k_{0}$ and the normalized dimensionless Bloch’s angular frequency $\Omega T/\pi$. Our numerical results show the band-gap behavior as a function of the ratio between refraction indices $n_{BA} = n_{B}/n_{A}$ and layer thicknesses $t_{BA} = t_{B}/t_{A}$. We also studied the localization and self-similar behavior of the band structures, whose fractality can be described by a power law. We show that the power law scaling index $\delta$, which can be identified as being a diffusion constant of the spectra, presents a non-monotonic dependence on $n_{BA}$ and $t_{BA}$. Finally, plots of the transmission/reflection spectra, also calculated via transfer-matrix method, in terms of the dimensionless wave-vector $\bar{k} = k / k_{0}$, are shown for different values of refraction indices $n_{BA}$ and layer thicknesses $t_{BA}$.
High SARS-CoV-2 seroincidence but low excess COVID mortality in Sierra Leone in 2020–2022
Authors: Osman Ahmed , Aimone Ashley , Ansumana Rashid , Bogoch Isaac , Gelband Hellen , Colwill Karen , Gingras Anne-Claude , Langlois Marc-André , Carshon-Marsh Ronald , Swaray Ibrahim Bob , Jambai Amara , Vandi Mohamed , Vandi Alimatu , Massaquoi Mohamed , Assalif Anteneh , Birnboim H. Chaim , Brown Patrick E. , Nagelkerke Nico , Jha Prabhat
Published: September 2024

While SARS-CoV-2 infection appears to have spread widely throughout Africa, documentation of associated mortality is limited. We implemented a representative serosurvey in one city of Sierra Leone in Western Africa, paired with nationally representative mortality and selected death registration data. Cumulative seroincidence using high quality SARS-CoV-2 serological assays was 69% by July 2021, rising to 84% by April 2022, mostly preceding SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. About half of infections showed evidence of neutralizing antibodies. However, excess death rates were low, and were concentrated at older ages. During the peak weeks of viral activity, excess mortality rates were 22% for individuals aged 30–69 years and 70% for those over 70. Based on electronic verbal autopsy with dual independent physician assignment of causes, excess deaths during viral peaks from respiratory infections were notable. Excess deaths differed little across specific causes that, a priori, are associated with COVID, and the pattern was consistent among adults with or without chronic disease risk factors. The overall 6% excess of deaths at ages ≥30 from 2020–2022 in Sierra Leone is markedly lower than reported from South Africa, India, and Latin America. Thus, while SARS-CoV-2 infection was widespread, our study highlights as yet unidentified mechanisms of heterogeneity in susceptibility to severe disease in parts of Africa.
Association between surgeon training grade and the risk of revision following unicompartmental knee replacement: An analysis of National Joint Registry data
Authors: Fowler Timothy J. , Howells Nicholas R. , Blom Ashley W. , Sayers Adrian , Whitehouse Michael R.
Published: September 2024

Background

Unicompartmental knee replacements (UKRs) are performed by surgeons at various stages in training with varying levels of supervision, but we do not know if this is a safe practice with comparable outcomes to consultant-performed UKR. The aim of this study was to use registry data for England and Wales to investigate the association between surgeon grade (consultant, or trainee), the senior supervision of trainees (supervised by a scrubbed consultant, or not), and the risk of revision surgery following UKR.

Methods and findings

We conducted an observational study using prospectively collected data from the National Joint Registry for England and Wales (NJR). We included adult patients who underwent primary UKR for osteoarthritis (n = 106,206), recorded in the NJR between 2003 and 2019. Exposures were the grade of the operating surgeon (consultant, or trainee) and whether or not trainees were directly supervised by a consultant during the procedure (referred to as “supervised by a scrubbed consultant”). The primary outcome was all-cause revision surgery. The secondary outcome was the number of procedures revised for the following specific indications: aseptic loosening/lysis, infection, progression of osteoarthritis, unexplained pain, and instability. Flexible parametric survival models were adjusted for patient, operation, and healthcare setting factors.

We included 106,206 UKRs in 91,626 patients, of which 4,382 (4.1%) procedures were performed by a trainee. The unadjusted cumulative probability of failure at 15 years was 17.13% (95% CI [16.44, 17.85]) for consultants, 16.42% (95% CI [14.09, 19.08]) for trainees overall, 15.98% (95% CI [13.36, 19.07]) for trainees supervised by a scrubbed consultant, and 17.32% (95% CI [13.24, 22.50]) for trainees not supervised by a scrubbed consultant. There was no association between surgeon grade and all-cause revision in either crude or adjusted models (adjusted HR = 1.01, 95% CI [0.90, 1.13]; p = 0.88). Trainees achieved comparable all-cause survival to consultants, regardless of the level of scrubbed consultant supervision (supervised: adjusted HR = 0.99, 95% CI [0.87, 1.14]; p = 0.94; unsupervised: adjusted HR = 1.03, 95% CI [0.87, 1.22]; p = 0.74).

Limitations of this study relate to its observational design and include: the potential for nonrandom allocation of cases by consultants to trainees; residual confounding; and the use of the binary variable “surgeon grade,” which does not capture variations in the level of experience between trainees.

Conclusions

This nationwide study of UKRs with over 16 years’ follow up demonstrates that trainees within the current training system in England and Wales achieve comparable all-cause implant survival to consultants. These findings support the current methods by which surgeons in England and Wales are trained to perform UKR.
International operations and corporate R&D investment: Evidence from China
Authors: Fu Ying , Li Jiaying , Wu Ying
Published: September 2024

This paper presents an examination of the relationship between international operations and corporate R&D investment. Using a large sample of Chinese listed firms for the 2009–2022 period and the ordinary least squares method, we find that international operations have a positive effect on corporate R&D investment. The finding remains valid after a battery of robustness tests. Mechanism tests show that international operations increase corporate R&D investment by diversifying product demand instead of increasing firms’ international knowledge acquisition. This paper provides new evidence on the role of international operations in innovation activities.
Key needs, quality performance indicators and outcomes for patients with atrial fibrillation and multimorbidity: The AFFIRMO study
Authors: Leo Donato Giuseppe , Trevisan Caterina , Ravelli Adele , Lobban Trudie C. A. , Lane Deirdre A. ,   on behalf of the AFFIRMO Study investigators
Published: September 2024

Background

Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) often have concomitant long-term conditions that negatively impact their quality of life and the clinical management they receive. The AFFIRMO study aimed to identify the needs, quality performance indicators (QPIs), and outcomes relevant to patients, caregivers and healthcare professionals (HCPs) to improve the care of patients with AF.

Methods

An on-line survey to collect the key needs, QPIs, and outcomes relevant to patients with AF, their caregivers and HCPs, was distributed between May 2022 and January 2023 in five countries (UK, Italy, Denmark, Romania and Spain). Results from the on-line survey were discussed in a three-round Delphi process with international representatives of patients with AF, caregivers, and HCPs to determine the key needs, QPIs and outcomes for the management of patients with AF and multimorbidity.

Results

659 patients (47.2% males, mean (SD) age 70.9 (10.2) years), 201 caregivers (26.9% males, mean (SD) age: 58.3 (SD 15.2) years), and 445 HCPs (57.8% males, mean (SD) age 47.4 (10.6) years) participated in the survey. An initial list of 27 needs, 9 QPIs, and 17 outcomes were identified. Eight patients, two caregivers, and 11 HCPs participated in the Delphi process. Nineteen (70%) needs, 8 (89%) QPIs, and 13 (76%) outcomes reached “consensus in”, and were included in the final list.

Conclusions

The final key needs, QPIs and outcomes obtained from the Delphi process will inform the AFFIRMO clinical trial, which aims to test the iABC app which incorporates an empowerment toolbox for patients and their caregivers, providing information to improve patient engagement and empowerment to help improve the clinical and self-management of patients with AF in the context of multimorbidity.
The interplay of brain neurotransmission and mental fatigue: A research protocol
Authors: Arenales Arauz Y. Laurisa , Habay Jelle , Ocvirk Tjasa , Mali Ana , Russell Suzanna , Marusic Uros , De Pauw Kevin , Roelands Bart
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Mental fatigue (MF) significantly affects both cognitive and physical performance. However, the precise mechanisms, particularly concerning neurotransmission, require further investigation. An implication of the role of dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA) is stated, but empirical evidence for this theory still needs to be provided. To address this gap, we aim to investigate the role of brain neurotransmission in elucidating if, and how prolonged cognitive activity induces MF and its subsequent impact on cognitive performance.

Methods

This study (registration number: G095422N) will adopt a randomized cross-over design with sixteen healthy participants aged 18–35 years. The sessions include a familiarization, two experimental (DA: 20mg Methylphenidate; NA: 8mg Reboxetine) conditions, and one placebo (lactose tablet: 10mg) condition. A 60-minute individualized Stroop task will be used to investigate whether, and how the onset of MF changes under the influence of reuptake inhibitors. Attention and response inhibition will be assessed before and after the MF-inducing task using a Go/NoGo task. The integration of physiological (electroencephalography, heart rate), behavioral (attention, response inhibition), and subjective indicators (scales and questionnaires) will be used to detect the underlying mechanisms holistically. Data analysis will involve linear mixed models with significance at p<0.05.

Discussion

The integration of diverse techniques and analyses offers a comprehensive perspective on the onset and impact of MF, introducing a novel approach. Future research plans involve extending this protocol to explore the connection between brain neurotransmission and physical fatigue. This protocol will further advance our understanding of the complex interplay between the brain and fatigue.
An-other Socratic Method
Authors: Duque Mateo
Published: September 2024

There is another Socratic method, Socratic mimēsis, and an instance of this is when Plato has Socrates play ‘the annoying questioner’ in the Hippias Major. Other interpreters have suggested that the reasons for Socrates’s dramatic play are depersonalization and distance. I argue for viewing Socrates’s role-playing as a way to dramatize the inner dialogue that happens inside one’s mind in what we may call conscience. Hippias the sophist lacks a conscience: his focus is acquisitive as opposed to inquisitive. Plato has staged a pedagogical theater of Hippias’s failed lesson for the benefit of Plato’s audience, the listeners/readers of the dialogue.
Desvelando desigualdades: los cuidados y la calidad de vida de las trabajadoras del hogar en Perú
Authors: Bastidas Aliaga María , Iáñez-Domínguez Antonio
Published: September 2024

Este artículo analiza las percepciones de las trabajadoras del hogar sobre el trabajo doméstico y de cuidado, ya sea remunerado o no remunerado, en el contexto peruano. A través de 19 grupos focales, se destaca cómo estas trabajadoras sostienen la vida, enfrentando la negligencia social y la ausencia de medidas políticas de protección social, lo cual tiene un impacto directo en su calidad de vida.
Relationship among Social Problem-Solving, Negative Problem Orientation, Major Negative Interpersonal Events, and Psychological Well-Being
Authors: Aburezeq Khalil Abdullah
Published: September 2024

A szociális problémamegoldás (SPS) az az egyensúly, amellyel minden embernek rendelkeznie kell ahhoz, hogy megbirkózzon fő negatív interperszonális eseményeivel, és ennek következtében élvezze a pszichológiai jóllétet (PWB). A magyar (n = 251) és palesztin (n = 410) diákok (12, 15 és 18 évesek) körében végzett kutatás célja (1) a szociálisprobléma-megoldás, a negatív problémaorientáció, a jelentős negatív életesemények és a pszichológiai jóllét életkori és nem szerinti jellemzőinek, (2) e tényezők kapcsolatának feltárása, (3) a mért személyiségbeli és környezeti tényezők (pl. családi összetétel, szülők iskolai végzettsége) szociálisprobléma-megoldásra gyakorolt hatásának vizsgálata és (4) a két minta jellemzőinek összehasonlítása volt. SPSI–R-rel (D'Zurilla et al., 2022), a negatív problémaorientációt a NEGORI-val (Kasik et al., 2018), a jelentős negatív életeseményeket az MNIE–M-mel (Aburezeq & Kasik, 2022), valamint a pszichológiai jóllétet a W-BQ12-vel (Bradley, 1994) tártuk fel. Az MNIE–M saját fejlesztésű mérőeszköz, mely mindegyik életkorban és mintán megfelelő megbízhatósági mutatóval rendelkezett, akárcsak a többi kérdőív. Az SPSI–R és a NEGORI esetében a magyar minta a korábbi magyarországi vizsgálatok főbb tendenciáit mutatja. A NEGORI-adatok megerősítik az SPSI–R által mutatott különbségeket: a negatív énhatékonyság és a szokás/minta szerinti negatív orientáció a 12 éves palesztin serdülőkre jellemzőbb, mint a magyar 12 évesekre. A magyar és a palesztin minta összehasonlítása alapján 12 éves korban a családi, az osztálytársakkal és a barátokkal kapcsolatos negatív életesemények gyakoribbak a palesztin diákoknál, a 15 éves korosztály esetében a családi, a tanári és a baráti negatív események a palesztin serdülőknél, valamint 18 éves korban az osztálytársi, a tanári és a baráti negatív életesemények a palesztin serdülők esetében jellemzőbbek.18 éves palesztin lányok látják leginkább negatívan életüket. A magyar és palesztin serdülők összehasonlítása alapján a 12 éveseknél az energia és a pozitív életszemlélet a palesztin serdülőkre jellemzőbb, 15 és 18 éves korban a negatív életszemlélet a magyar serdülőkre.
Assessing Students’ Science Misconceptions and Inductive Reasoning
Authors: Soeharto Soeharto
Published: September 2024

A jelen disszertáció öt különböző tanulmány kombinációja, amelyek célja a diákok téves elképzeléseinek és induktív érvelésének felmérése indonéziai kontextusban, keresztmetszeti vizsgálati terv alapján. Szisztematikus irodalmi áttekintést végeztek, hogy feltárják azokat a természettudományos témákat, amelyek téves elképzeléseket terjesztenek a diákok körében. A leggyakrabban használt diagnosztikai tesztnek a többszintű teszteket találták (33,06%). A kétszintű, többszörös választásos tesztet a kísérleti és a fő vizsgálatban fejlesztették ki és tesztelték a diákok természettudományos tévképzeteinek felmérésére. Az induktív gondolkodás értékelésére az indonéz változatban adaptált induktív gondolkodási tesztet használták. Az adatgyűjtést ebben a tanulmányban két szakaszban végeztük keresztmetszeti vizsgálati tervvel. Az első szakasz az adatgyűjtés a kísérleti tanulmányhoz 153 felső tagozatos középiskolás diákkal. A második szakasz az adatgyűjtés a fő vizsgálatokhoz 856 végzős középiskolás diákkal és egy felkészítő természettudóssal. A Rasch-mérést az egydimenziós modellel a fő statisztikai elemzésként használják, amely segíti a parametrikus és nem parametrikus statisztikai elemzést. A megállapítás megerősítette, hogy a kísérleti vizsgálatban kifejlesztett kétszintű feleletválasztós teszt érvényes és megbízható a Rasch-paraméterek alapján. A különböző természettudományos fogalmakra vonatkozó tételek nehézségi szintje nem univerzálisan a természettudományos témák alapján, hanem a természettudományos diszciplínák között összefüggő vagy hasonló, különösen a fizikában, a biológiában és a kémiában. A tanulók téves elképzeléseinek feltárása azt mutatta, hogy a tanulóknak téves elképzeléseik vannak a fizika (33,4%), a biológia (35,22%) és a kémia (47,97) természettudományos tantárgyakban. Az iskolai osztályzatok összehasonlításakor az iskolai osztályzatok regresszióelemzése alapján a természettudományos tévképzetek 25,2%-os tanulói varianciáját magyarázták. A lépésenkénti regresszió azt mutatta, hogy csak az iskolai osztályzat előrejelzője tudta szignifikánsan megmagyarázni az átlagpontszámok varianciájának 25,2%-át, F (152) = 10,208, p <,01. Az induktív gondolkodás értékelésében a nők felülmúlták a férfiakat az induktív gondolkodási képességek tekintetében. A 10. és 11. évfolyam kivételével minden csoportban szignifikáns különbségeket találtunk. A tételek nehézségének osztályozása a nehézségi szintek széles skáláját mutatta, ahol a numerikus tételek nehezebbek voltak, mint a figurális tételek. A tanulók többsége magas vagy közepes képességűnek minősült.
Tinjauan Hukum Islam Terhadap Penetapan Harga dan Mekanisme Penjualan Furniture (Meubel) (Studi Kasus pada Toko UD. Pasunda Jln. Wates KM 3,5 Yogyakarta)
Authors: Rindawati Ririn
Published: September 2024

Penetapan harga merupakan suatu ketetapan harga yang ditentukan oleh pihak yang berhak menentukan harga Dalam penetapan harga suatu barang harus disepakati dan berlaku secara umum. Akan tetapi dalam kenyataannya masih ada jual beli yang mengandung unsur ketidakadilan. Seiring dengan perkembangan zaman, maka kebutuhan hidup pun meningkat. Salah satunya adalah furniture (meubel) yang hingga saat ini menjadi bagian dari kebutuhan pokok manusia. Adanya perbedaan harga antara para penjual meubel terhadap barang yang sejenis dengan mutu yang sama tentunya akan membuat para pembeli mendatangi penjual meubel yang harganya paling rendah dan tentu saja hal ini akan mengacaukan harga di pasaran meubel serta membuat sebagian para penjual mengalami kerugian pada produk tertentu. Untuk menyiasati agar dapat menutupi kerugiannya, maka produk-produk tersebut dinaikkan harganya di atas harga yang semestinya atau menyiasatinya dengan cara mengubah mekanisme penjualannya. Tulisan ini akan membahas mengenai tinjauan hukum Islam terhadap penetapan harga dan mekanisme penjualan furniture (meubel).
Action plan proposal to obtain triple certification in a natural gas transportation company
Authors: Bueno Cintia Guerra , Pinheiro Jorge Lucas Costa , Marques Wagner da Silveira , Silva Telma Fidelis Fragoso da , Freitag Alberto Eduardo Besser
Published: September 2024

Goal: for large gas transportation companies, it is of strategic relevance to be compliant with ISO 9001, ISO 45001, and ISO 14001 certifications, acknowledging their Integrated Management System (IMS). Based on this context, the purpose of this study was to propose an action plan to obtain triple certification for a Brazilian natural gas transportation company.
Design / Methodology / Approach: the methodology comprised research of applied nature, exploratory and descriptive objectives, qualitative approach, with a single case study investigation strategy, and data collected through triangulation, combining documents, interviews, and field observation.
Results: First, an action plan, which enabled the company to achieve triple certification in ISO 9001, ISO 45001, and ISO 14001 standards. Second, a table correlating seventeen IMS elements with technical and academic literature, and guidance documents of the studied company, making it easier to visualize interdependencies.
Limitations of the investigation: The main one is the generalization limit of the conclusions, models or theories developed from a single case study, used in this work. These limitations do not reduce the importance of the results found, since the proposed action plan enabled the natural gas transportation company to obtain the desired triple certification.
Practical implications: the proposed action plan may support other companies to achieve triple certification.
Originality / Value: no research has been identified in the international literature that deals with triple certification for companies operating in the natural gas transportation market, specifically, the correlation of IMS elements with literature references and guidance documents of the studied company.
Interaction of the CmlAL leader peptide with E. coli ribosome, binding chloramphenicol in non-canonical site
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia, Makarov G.
Published: September 2024

With the use of docking, equilibrium and biased molecular dynamics simulations, the structure of the 70S E. coli A/A,P/P-ribosome complex with chloramphenicol, an antibiotic, bound in a non-canonical site near the peptidyl transferase center, and ClmAL leader peptide, placed in the nascent peptide exit tunnel, has been obtained. In this structure, chloramphenicol is retained in the ribosome due to wedging of its nitrophenyl residue into the cavity between the Ψ2504 and U2506 residues of 23S rRNA and formation of hydrophobic contacts with them, as well as hydrogen bonds with the G2505 and G2061 residues of 23S rRNA. The ClmAL leader peptide forms many stable hydrogen bonds with the G2061, m2A2503, U2609, and C2610 residues of 23S rRNA. Molecular dynamics simulations of this ternary complex has shown that the mechanism of antibiotic action is to induce divergence of the peptidyl transferase reaction of the substrates relative to each other at a distance that excludes the transpeptidation reaction. This divergence of the peptidyl transferase reaction substrates is stabilized by interactions between the side chain amino group of the lysine residue in the A site, on the one hand, and the C2063 base and chloramphenicol, on the other hand. In this case, the α-amino group of the lysine residue forms a hydrogen bond with the carbonyl group of the Ala-7 CmlAL residue. Together with specific interactions of the CmlAL peptide residues with the rRNA residues of the nascent peptide exit tunnel, this explains the arrest of translation in the presence of chloramphenicol at this particular sequence and, as a consequence, the presence of this sequence in the genes encoding the CmlA transporter protein, which is responsible for ribosomal resistance to this antibiotic.
Pengaruh Dana Keistimewaan Terhadap Ketimpangan Pembangunan Ekonomi di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY)
Authors: Tjahjanto Dinda Luthfiani , Fauzi Akhmad , Juanda Bambang
Published: September 2024

Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pendapatan asli daerah terhadap output untuk mengurangi disparitas daerah terhadap pembangunan ekonomi di Provinsi DIY. Analisis dalam makalah ini menggunakan model ekonometrik data panel yang menggambarkan pengaruh sumber pendapatan daerah terhadap output untuk mengurangi ketimpangan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ditemui bahwa Dana Keistimewaan Yogyakarta belum memiliki pengaruh yang besar dalam mengatasi masalah ketimpangan pembangunan yang terjadi. Dana Keistimewaan Yogyakarta hanya berpengaruh signifikan terhadap belanja modal, dimana belanja modal sendiri memiliki pengaruh yang berbeda antara model kota dengan model kabupaten terhadap kinerja pembangunan.
Pemodelan Pemilihan Moda Perjalanan dengan Kombinasi Stated dan Revealed Preference: Studi Kasus Kota Makassar
Authors: Andani I Gusti Ayu , Taufik Yushalihah Fitri
Published: September 2024

Penggunaan kendaraan pribadi semakin meningkat menyebabkan meningkatnya kemacetan. Rendahnya minat masyarakat dalam menggunakan BRT yang ditunjukkan dengan rendahnya load factor berdampak pada berhentinya pengoperasian BRT. Hal ini menjadikan adanya isu ketidakseimbangan antara supply dan demand transportasi. Dengan mengambil studi kasus di Kota Makassar, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memodelkan pemilihan moda transportasi guna mengetahui potensi permintaan angkutan umum massal dalam mendukung kebijakan pengembangan angkutan umum massal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis discrete choice model dengan pendekatan disagregat dengan menggunakan data stated dan revaled preferences yang berasal dari 400 responden. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap pemilihan moda perjalanan berkaitan dengan karakteristik pelaku perjalanan, karakteristik perjalanan, karateristik fasilitas transportasi, persepsi terhadap moda, dan attitude. Probabilitas pemilihan angkutan umum lebih rendah (11%) dibandingkan kendaraan pribadi (52% untuk sepeda motor dan 24% untuk mobil). Lebih lanjut, analisis elastisitas menunjukkan bahwa BRT dan sepeda motor pribadi adalah moda transportasi yang paling sensitif terhadap perubahan terhadap perubahan biaya perjalanan. Guna dapat secara signifikan meningkatkan peluang permintaan terhadap BRT, tidak hanya diperlukan penurunan tarif BRT, namun juga biaya penggunaan kendaraan pribadi, terutama sepeda motor.
Changes in Expression of Some Apoptotic Markers in Different Types of Human Endometrium
Authors: Driák Daniel , Dvorská M. , Švandová I. , Sehnal B. , Benková K. , Špůrková Z. , Halaška M.
Published: September 2024

The maintenance of tissue homeostasis and highly balanced counteraction of cellular proliferation and apoptosis are essential for tissue integrity. In our study, we evaluated the expression of apoptosis-regulating proteins Bcl-2, Bax and PARP, and executive apoptotic enzyme caspase-3 in normal, atrophic, hyperplastic and cancerous endometrium. Endometrial samples were obtained from patients who underwent curettage, hysteroresection or hysterectomy. The protein levels were quantified by immunoblotting. We observed a higher level of important apoptotic enzyme pro-caspase-3 and its active form in hyperplastic and cancerous endometrium, when compared to normal endometrium. The value of Bcl-2/Bax ratio, which reflects cellular resistance to apoptosis, was determined as > 1 for cancerous, normal, and atrophic endometrium. Thus, the effort to eliminate pre-neoplastic and neoplastic cells by apoptosis indicated by high pro-caspase-3 and caspase-3 levels seems to be overcome by a greater proliferative adjustment suggested by higher Bcl-2/Bax ratios in the samples examined. The PARP levels did not vary significantly among the groups. The levels of all examined proteins were significantly lower in atrophic endometrium. Our results suggest that pre-neoplastic and neoplastic states of human endometrium are not influenced simply by changes in apoptosis, but may also be affected by cellular proliferation. A high Bcl-2/Bax ratio as observed in cancerous endometrium can point to deregulation of apoptotic programmes. Thus, the onset and progression of endometrial malignancy could be linked to increased cellular proliferation with defects in apoptotic control.
Isolation and Characterization of Synovial Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Harvanová Denisa , Tóthová T. , Šarišský M. , Amrichová J. , Rosocha J.
Published: September 2024

Synovial membrane and synovial fluid represent a good source of mesenchymal stem cells. They have been regarded as a promising therapeutic tool for musculoskeletal regeneration. Synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells have higher expression of CD44 and better chondrogenic potential in vitro than mesenchymal stem cells from other tissues. In this study we compared mesenchymal stem cells from synovium and synovial fluid on the base of morphological, immunophenotype and differentiation features. A heterogeneous population of cells with different morphology was obtained after isolation and 4-day cultivation. The mesenchymal stem cell immunophenotype was confirmed by positive expression of CD105, CD90, and CD44 by flow cytometry and cells were negative for CD45. CD105+ cells were selected by immunomagnetic separation after 2–4 weeks of cultivation. The percentage of CD105+ cells in the mesenchymal stem cell population from synovia was between 40–50 % before immunomagnetic separation and increased to 95 % following the immunomagnetic separation. Von Kossa, Alcian blue and Oil Red O staining was used to assess the differentiation potential of synovial mesenchymal stem cells. Long-term cultivation did not affect the morphology and immunophenotype of synovial mesenchymal stem cells. Our results confirmed that immunomagnetic separation based on CD 105 antigen is a suitable method to enrich the subpopulation of CD105+ synovial mesenchymal stem cells.
Exploring the integration and utilisation of generative AI in formative e-assessments: A case study in higher education
Authors: Huang Dongpeng , Huang Yixuan , Cummings James J.
Published: September 2024

The integration of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) into web-based individual formative e-assessments in higher education is a nascent field that warrants further exploration. This study investigated the use of GenAI within an 8-week undergraduate-level research methods course at a university in the United States of America, aiming to understand how students leverage GenAI tools during individual formative e-assessments questions. The research revealed that a significant majority of students initially preferred traditional study resources over GenAI. However, a gradual shift towards more balanced use of both resources was observed, particularly in formative e-assessments involving statistical analysis and calculation questions. In their interactions with GenAI, students primarily used it for multiple-choice and true/false questions, often by directly copying and pasting the question prompt into the GenAI interface. Students were able to discern and accept accurate responses generated by GenAI and reject those that were incorrect or contradicted their existing knowledge. Students’ reported primary motivations for turning to GenAI were to seek answers to assessment items as well as to corroborate the accuracy of their own responses. This study contributes to the growing body of literature empirically investigating actual usage behaviours with GenAI tools and the motivation behind these behaviours. We discuss the implications and limitations of these findings.
 
Implications for practice or policy:

Educators should develop AI literacy programmes and integrate them into pedagogy strategies.
Educators and researchers need clear guidelines for ethical AI use in formative e-assessments.
Educators should encourage students’ critical thinking and source evaluation on the information that GenAI provides.
German-Swedish Economic Relations during World War II
Authors: Fritz Martin
Published: September 2024

During World War II Sweden was one of the few countries in Europe, which could keep its formal neutrality. The war, however, brought about important changes in the Swedish economy, not least by the fact that Swedish external trade was concentrated to almost one single country, viz Germany. The mutual economic dependence was thereby increased. In this paper it will be investigated how the war influenced the economic relations between Germany and Sweden. On the one hand it concerns how the economic policy practically was modelled by the great power Germany versus a military and economically inferior nation. On the other hand it will be of interest to investigate how the smaller nation could solve its support problems and balance a formal neutrality against a certainly unvoluntary but essential incorporation in the greater German economic room.
УЩЕРБ, ПРИЧИНЕННЫЙ ВОЙНОЙ, И ПОЛИТИКА РЕСТИТУЦИЙ И РЕПАРАЦИЙ ЮГОСЛАВИИ
Authors: Živković Nikolaj
Published: September 2024

The occupiers of Yugoslavia in the Second World War did not limit themselves to war as a means of settling scores with the military force of their opponents, and to aggression as a common means of subjugating independent states; they introduced, along with the comprehensive exploitation of the country's economic wealth, previously unheard-of methods of mass persecution and extermination of the civilian population. As a result of the cruelty of the occupation, from the very beginning, and especially after the rise of the people's liberation war, the number of victims constantly increased, and the forms of criminal activity were varied and numerous. There is not a single rule of international military law, not a single rule on the rights and duties of occupiers, not a single legal or moral norm of humanity, figuring as a positive legal order or generally accepted norms of relations between civilized peoples, which were not grossly violated by the occupiers and their accomplices.
Die Sabotage in der nazistischen Rüstungsindustrie auf dem Gebiet Polens in den Jahren 1939 - 1945
Authors: Matusak Piotr
Published: September 2024

Eines der Hauptziele der Wirtschaftspolitik Hitlerdeutschlands auf dem Gebiet Polens war, dieses Territorium für die Stärkung des militärisclien Potentials des III. Reiches zu nutzen. Dies äußert sich deutlich in den Leit- linien, die Hitler und Gering nach der Okkupation Polens an die Besatzungs- behörden richteten. Das Interesse der Wehrmacht für die polnische Industrie war bereits vor der Entstehung des Angriffsplans gegen Polen umfassend vor- handen. In den deutschen Dokumenten kann man viele eingehende Analysen einzelner Industriezweige und Gebiete finden, so z. B. die Bearbeitung, die das Ballungsgebiet von Oberschlesien betraf. Nach Schätzungen betrug das Industriepotential Vorkriegspolens im Jahre 1937 etwa 15 Prozent des da- maligen Industriepotentials des III. Reiches1. Dem Angriffsplan gegen Polen im September 1939 war nicht nur eine eingehende Untersuchung der Wirt- schaft sondern auch einzelne Festlegungen vorausgegangen, nämlich welche polnische Fabrik welchen deutschen Konzern zugeteilt werden sollte. Während der Verteidigung Polens 1939 wurde die ganze Industrie von den Sonder- abteilungen, den sog. technischen Truppen der Wehrmacht, übernommen und den Konzernen übermittelt oder neugegründeten Rüstungsinspektionen angeschlossen. Wirtschaftsaspekte besaß auch die von den Deutschen durch- geführte territoriale Neugliederung Polens in das sog. Generalgouvernement und die Gebiete, die dem Deutschen Reich angeschlossen wurden (Schlesien, Großpolen, Pommern, ein Teil der Wojewodschaften Krakau und Warschau). Dort war 80 Prozent der polnischen Industrie konzentriert, u. a. 100 Prozent der Kohleförderung, 100 Prozent der Zink-, 90 Prozent der Stahl- und 87,5 Prozent der Eisenproduktion, 70 Prozent der Textilindustrie, 70 Prozent der Zuckerproduktion usw. Die Mehrheit der Zweige der polnischen Rüstungs- industrie befand sich vor 1939 auf den Gebieten, die ab Oktober 1939 zum Generalgouvernement erklärt wurden.
Analysis and evaluation of adaptive remanufacturing strategies for mechanical products
Authors: Stamer Florian , Fabig Franziska
Published: September 2024

Resource scarcity and unsustainable production of products are critical challenges in today’s manufacturing landscape. In this context, adaptive remanufacturing of products could play an important role. This concept prioritizes restoring product functionality over adhering strictly to original specifications, achieving a higher yield in a cost-effective manner. The objective of this work is to explore adaptive remanufacturing and provide methods to analyse the potential in production. For this purpose, four cases of adaptive remanufacturing are differentiated and an assessment matrix to evaluate product suitability for this process, considering various criteria, is presented. These two tools aid industries in assessing the viability and advantages of adaptive remanufacturing, promoting more sustainability across industries.