bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Microstructural Evolution on Mechanical Properties of Secondary Hardening Low‐Carbon High‐Alloy Bearing Steel
Authors: Wu Xueting , Wu Zhiwei , Zhang Jun
Published: August 2023

The hierarchical martensite structure of secondary hardening low‐carbon high‐alloy bearing steel at different solution temperatures is characterized in detail, and the effect of microstructural evolution on mechanical properties of the experimental steel is studied. The results show there are a large number of micron‐M6C at the boundary of the prior austenite grain when the solution temperature is 1,000–1,025 °C, which is conducive to hinder the growth of the prior austenite grain and produces smaller packets that improve the yield strength of the material. At the same time, such micron‐M6C is prone to stress concentration when the material is subjected to an external force load, which can severely reduce the material toughness. The M6C completely dissolves into the matrix when the solution temperature exceeds 1,050 °C, and the packets size grows rapidly with the prior austenite grain size. At this point, the effect of packets on yield strength no longer dominates, and the rate of decrease in yield strength tends to be gradual. Under the comprehensive function of the micron‐M6C‐remelting, the martensitic blocks refinement, the increased number of the Σ3 grain boundaries, and the growth of cracks can be hindered, and the toughness of material can be improved accordingly.
Multilingual Learning Inside/Outside the Classroom: Insights from Intra‐Active Events
Authors: Liaw Marsha Jing Ji , Botelho Maria José , Lau Sunny Man Chu
Published: August 2023

As K‐5 dual language programs gain popularity in the United States, language teaching, however, often still prioritizes discrete and decontextualized learning that is not built on students’ interests and experiences or their multilingual and multimodal resources. This article reports on a classroom‐based ethnographic case study and illustrates how emergent bilinguals in a fifth grade dual language class engaged in a variety of multimodal experiences to understand local history through their first and second languages, community‐based inquiries, and writing. Drawing on translanguaging and new materialist understandings of language and literacy, the authors describe intra‐active events generated through museum activities and discussions in English and Chinese that allowed students to assemble whole‐body experiences and discussions in their journal writing about a day in the 18th century. The study shows how translanguaging can foster students’ engagement in learning as assemblages of their multilingual, multimodal, and multisensory experiences and support their writing processes and products, not only in a second language, but all language and literacy classrooms.
Fate of herbicides in cropped lysimeters: 1. Influence of different processes and model structure on vadose zone flow
Authors: Imig Anne , Augustin Lea , Groh Jannis , Pütz Thomas , Zhou Tiantian , Einsiedl Florian , Rein Arno
Published: August 2023

Understanding transport and fate processes in the subsurface is of fundamental importance to identify the leaching potentials of herbicides or other compounds to groundwater resources. HYDRUS‐1D was used to simulate water flow and solute transport in arable land lysimeters. Simulations were compared to observed drainage rates and stable water isotopes (δ18O) in the drainage. Four different model setups were investigated and statistically evaluated for their model performance to identify dominant processes for water flow characterization in the vadose zone under similar cultivation management and climatic conditions. The studied lysimeters contain soil cores dominated by sandy gravel (Ly1) and clayey sandy silt (Ly2), both cropped with maize located in Wielenbach, Germany. First, a single‐porosity setup was chosen. For Ly1, modeling results were satisfactory, but for Ly2, the damping observed in the isotope signature of the drainage could not be fully covered. By considering immobile water with a dual‐porosity setup for Ly2, model performance improved. This could be due to a higher fraction of fine pores in Ly2 available for water storage, leading to mixing processes of isotopically enriched summer precipitation and lighter winter water. Accounting for isotopic evaporation fractionation processes in both model setups did not lead to improved model performance. Consequentially, the difference in soil hydraulic properties between the two lysimeters seems to impact water flow processes. Knowledge of such differences is crucial to prevent contamination and mitigate potential risks to soil and groundwater.
Dynamical analysis for a diffusive SVEIR epidemic model with nonlinear incidences
Authors: Zhou Pan , Wang Jianpeng , Teng Zhidong , Wang Kai
Published: August 2023

In this article, we are concerned with a diffusive SVEIR epidemic model with nonlinear incidences. We first obtain the well-posedness of solutions for the model. Then, the basic reproduction number$$R_{0}$$R0and the local basic reproduction number$${\overline{R}}_{0}(x)$$R¯0(x)are calculated, which are defined as the spectral radii of the next-generation operators. The relationship between$$R_{0}$$R0and$${\overline{R}}_{0}(x)$$R¯0(x)as well as the asymptotic properties of$$R_{0}$$R0when the diffusive rates tend to infinity or zero is investigated by introducing two compact linear operators$$L_{1}$$L1and$$L_{2}$$L2. Using the theory of monotone dynamical systems and the persistence theory of dynamical systems, we show that the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable when$$R_{0}<1$$R0<1, while the disease is uniformly persistent when$$R_{0}>1$$R0>1. Furthermore, in the spatially homogeneous case, by using the Lyapunov functions method and LaSalle’s invariance principle, we completely obtain that the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable if$$R_{0}\le 1$$R0≤1, and the endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable if$$R_{0}>1$$R0>1and an additional condition is satisfied.
Multi-pass Bayesian estimation: a robust Bayesian method
Authors: Lei Yeming , Zhou Shijie , Filar Jerzy , Ye Nan
Published: August 2023

The prior plays a central role in Bayesian inference but specifying a prior is often difficult and a prior considered appropriate by a modeler may be significantly biased. We propose multi-pass Bayesian estimation (MBE), a robust Bayesian method capable of adjusting the prior’s influence on the inference result based on the prior’s quality. MBE adjusts the relative importance of the prior and the data by iteratively performing approximate Bayesian updates on the given data, with the number of updates determined using a cross-validation method. The repeated use of the data resembles the data cloning method, but data cloning performs maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), while MBE interpolates between standard Bayesian inference and MLE; there are also algorithmic differences in how MBE and data cloning make repeated use of the data. Alternatively, MBE can be considered a method for constructing a new prior from the given initial prior and the data. We additionally provide a new non-asymptotic bound on the convergence of data cloning, and provide an MBE-like iterative heuristic approach which achieves faster convergence speed by boosting posterior variance. In numerical simulations on several simulated and real-world datasets, MBE provides robust inference results as compared to standard Bayesian inference and MLE.
Magnetic seed versus skin tattoo localization of non-palpable breast lesions: a single institution cohort study
Authors: D’Angelo Anna , Scardina Lorenzo , Palma Simone , Cicero Stefano Lo , Maresca Alessandro , Caprini Flavia , Biondi Ersilia , Franco Antonio , Terribile Daniela , Franceschini Gianluca , Belli Paolo , Manfredi Riccardo
Published: August 2023

Objective

The objective of this retrospective study was to investigate the accuracy and feasibility of magnetic seed compared to skin tattoo in preoperative localization of impalpable breast lesions in terms of accuracy of placement, re-excision and positive margins rates, and breast/surgical specimen volume ratio.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 77 patients who underwent breast conservative surgery in our center from November 2020 to November 2021, with previous localization with skin tattoo or magnetic seed.

Results

Thirty-seven magnetic seeds were placed in 36 patients (48.6%) and 40 skin tattoos were performed in the remaining cases (51.4%). The seeds were placed correctly at the two-view mammogram acquired after the insertion in 97.6% (36/37) of cases. With both methods, 100% of the index lesions were completely removed and found in the surgical specimen. The reported re-excision rate was 0% for both groups. A significant difference was observed in the volume of breast parenchyma removed between the two groups, inferior in the seed group (p = 0.046), especially in case of voluminous breasts (p = 0.003) and small lesions (dimension < 8 mm, p = 0.019).

Conclusions

Magnetic seed is a non-radioactive localization technique, feasible to place, recommended in case of non-palpable breast lesions, saving the breast parenchyma removed compared with skin tattoo, without reducing the accuracy.

Clinical relevance statement

Our findings contribute to the current evidence on preoperative localization techniques for non-palpable breast lesions, highlighting the efficacy of magnetic seed localization for deep and small lesions.

Key Points

• Magnetic seed is a non-radioactive technique for the preoperative localization of non-palpable breast lesions studied in comparison with skin tattoo.

• Magnetic seed is feasible to place in terms of post-placement migration and distance from the target lesion.

• Magnetic seed is recommended in case of non-palpable breast lesions, saving the breast parenchyma removed without reducing the accuracy.
Vorschulkinder und digitale Medien in der Zweiten Moderne
Authors: Paulus Frank W. , Gerstner Ida
Published: August 2023

Digitale Medien durchdringen zunehmend den Alltag von Vorschul‑, Kleinkindern und Säuglingen. Das Elternhaus, aber zunehmend auch Krippe und Kindergarten sind zentrale Orte für die frühe Mediensozialisation. Eltern sind Modell der Mediennutzung für ihre Kinder, stellen Mediennutzungsregeln auf und verfolgen diese nachhaltig (oder nicht). Die Digitalisierung birgt neben Fortschritt auch Risiken. Die Nutzung digitaler Endgeräte kann nachweislich die psychosoziale und emotionale Entwicklung des Kindes negativ beeinflussen, aber auch das Schlaf- und Essverhalten sowie die kognitive, sprachliche und motorische Entwicklung. Die Studien zur Verfügbarkeit und zu den Nutzungszeiten digitaler Medien von Kindern im Alter zwischen 0 bis 5 Jahren stehen im Widerspruch zu den Empfehlungen pädiatrischer Fachverbände. Gesamtgesellschaftlich fehlt es an einer nachhaltigen Umsetzung dieser Empfehlungen zum Wohle des Kindes, zur Wahrung seiner Chancen auf eine gesunde Entwicklung und Entfaltung seines Potenzials und zur Unterbrechung der Armutsspirale.
In vitro activity of aztreonam–avibactam against Enterobacterales isolates collected in Latin America, Africa/Middle East, Asia, and Eurasia for the ATLAS Global Surveillance Program in 2019–2021
Authors: Wise Mark G. , Karlowsky James A. , Mohamed Naglaa , Kamat Shweta , Sahm Daniel F.
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to report reference method antimicrobial susceptibility results for 24,937 recent (2019–2021) clinical isolates of Enterobacterales from 27 countries in Latin America, Eurasia, Africa/Middle East, and Asia with a focus on the investigational combination aztreonam–avibactam against metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the CLSI broth microdilution methodology. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were interpreted using the CLSI (2022) breakpoints for all agents except aztreonam–avibactam (provisional pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic susceptible breakpoint, ≤ 8 mg/L) and tigecycline (US-FDA). Molecular testing for β-lactamase genes was performed on isolates with meropenem MICs ≥ 2 mg/L, ceftazidime–avibactam MICs ≥ 16 mg/L, and/or aztreonam–avibactam MICs ≥ 16 mg/L, and 50% of isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella variicola, and Proteus mirabilis testing with ceftazidime and/or aztreonam MICs ≥ 2 mg/L. Aztreonam–avibactam inhibited 99.8% of all Enterobacterales at ≤ 8 mg/L (MIC90, 0.25 mg/L) and maintained activity against phenotypically resistant subsets of multidrug-resistant (MDR) (99.5% susceptible), extensively drug-resistant (XDR) (98.7%), and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) (99.1%) isolates. At ≤ 8 mg/L, aztreonam–avibactam inhibited 100%, 99.6%, 99.6%, and 98.8% of KPC-, OXA-48-like-, ESBL-, and MBL-carrying isolates, respectively. MBL-positive isolates were most prevalent in India (20.5%), Guatemala (13.8%), and Jordan (13.2%). No differences in the activity of aztreonam–avibactam were observed across the global regions evaluated. At a concentration of ≤ 8 mg/L, aztreonam–avibactam inhibited almost all Enterobacterales collected from developing countries, including MBL-producing isolates. The widespread dissemination of MBLs among Enterobacterales highlights the unmet need for new agents such as aztreonam–avibactam for the treatment of CRE infections.
A study on the predictive strength of fractal dimension of white and grey matter on MRI images in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Di Marco Niccolò , di Palma Azzurra , Frosini Andrea ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative*
Published: August 2023

Many recent studies have shown that Fractal Dimension (FD), a ratio for figuring out the complexity of a system given its measurements, can be used as an useful index to provide information about certain brain disease. Our research focuses on the Alzheimer’s disease changes in white and grey brain matters detected through the FD indexes of their contours. Data used in this study were obtained from the Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) Neuroimaging Initiative database (Normal Condition, N = 57, and Alzheimer’s Disease, N = 60). After standard preprocessing pipeline, the white and grey matter 3D FD indexes are computed for the two groups. A statistical analysis shows that only grey matter 3D FD indexes are able to differentiate healthy and AD subjects. Although white matter 3D FD indexes do not, it is remarkable that their presence enhance the separation capability of previous ones. In order to valuate the classification capability of these indexes on healthy and AD subjects, we define several Neural Networks models. The performances of these models vary according to the statistical analysis and reach their best performances when each 3D FD input index is changed into a sequence of 2D FD indexes of (a subset of) the horizontal slices of the white and grey matter volumes.
A flexible and lightweight deep learning weather forecasting model
Authors: Zenkner Gabriel , Navarro-Martinez Salvador
Published: August 2023

Numerical weather prediction is an established weather forecasting technique in which equations describing wind, temperature, pressure and humidity are solved using the current atmospheric state as input. This study examines deep learning to forecast weather given historical data from two London-based locations. Two distinct Bi-LSTM recurrent neural network models were developed in the TensorFlow deep learning framework and trained to make predictions in the next 24 and 72 h, given the past 120 h. The first trained neural network predicted temperature at Kew Gardens with a forecast accuracy of $$\pm$$
±
2 $${}^{\circ }$$

∘

C in 73% of instances in a whole unseen year, and a root mean squared errors of 1.45 $${}^{\circ }$$

∘

C. The second network predicted 72-h air temperature and relative humidity at Heathrow with root mean squared errors 2.26 $${}^{\circ }$$

∘

C and 14% respectively and 80% of the temperature predictions were within $$\pm$$
±
3 $${}^{\circ }$$

∘

C while 80% of relative humidity predictions were within $$\pm$$
±
20%. Both networks were trained with five years of historical data, with cloud training times of over a minute (24-h network) and three minutes (72-h).
The Sense of Someone Appearing There: A Philosophical Investigation into Other Minds, Deceased People, and Animated Persona
Authors: Morioka Masahiro
Published: August 2023

We sometimes feel the presence of a person-like something on a non-biological object, such as a memento from a deceased family member or a well-engineered, human-shaped robot. This feeling—the sense of someone appearing there—has not been extensively investigated by philosophers. In this paper, I employ examples from previous studies, my own experiences, and thought experiments to conduct a philosophical analysis of the mechanism of the emergence of this person-like something by using the concept of an animated persona. This animation process works not only in cases of deceased people and non-biological objects but also in cases of a living, conscious human being. This suggests that the appearance of the other mind on a human body is not necessarily a reflection of that human’s inner self-consciousness but can be considered a personhood that appears, animated by various surrounding factors. I also propose the concept of “the supremacy of surface-ness over behind-ness”. Finally, I categorize the appearance of an animated persona on a human body or an object into eight patterns and compare their characteristics.
Exact Solutions and Conservation Laws of A (2+1)-dimensional Combined Potential Kadomtsev-Petviashvili-B-type Kadomtsev-Petviashvili Equation
Authors: Sebogodi M. C. , Muatjetjeja B. , Adem A. R.
Published: August 2023

This article investigates a sixth order integrable nonlinear partial differential equation model that fulfills the Hirota N-soliton. Space and time-dependent shift, rotation and space-dependent shift, time and space translations, and time and space dilations Lie point symmetries are presented methodically. Under a specific point symmetries, the Lie point symmetries lead to group invariant solutions. The significance of conservation laws of the underlying equation are shown. The results are quite accurate in recreating complex waves and the dynamics of their interactions.
The meaning of difficulties in career narratives: the case of sports graduates
Authors: Jama Kaisa-Mari , Tynjälä Päivi , Aarto-Pesonen Leena , Malinen Anita , Hämäläinen Raija
Published: August 2023

As the careers of today are no longer typically stable and predictable, people should expect to encounter many challenges during their working life. The present study aimed to explore the meaning of difficulties in modern career-themed life narratives. A total of 54 Finnish sports graduates’ narratives were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis to identify the meanings attributed to difficulties. Findings revealed that difficulties both shaped the plot and initiated multiple types of reflections in the narratives. The paper suggests that difficulties should be considered as a meaningful part of career narratives and discusses the application of the findings in career counselling.
Infertility clinics and acupuncture: a qualitative web-based study
Authors: Magee Bethany , Smith Kevin Richard
Published: August 2023

The increasing demand for fertility treatments has led to the rise of private clinics offering complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments. The most frequently offered CAM infertility treatment is acupuncture. However, there is no good evidence to support the effectiveness of acupuncture in treating infertility. This study evaluates the scope of information provided by CAM fertility clinics in the UK. A content analysis was conducted on 200 websites of CAM fertility clinics in the UK that offer acupuncture as a treatment for infertility. Of the 48 clinics that met the eligibility criteria, the majority of the websites did not provide sufficient information on the efficacy, risks and success rates of acupuncture for infertility. This has the potential to infringe on patient autonomy, provide false hope and reduce the chances of pregnancy ever being achieved as fertility declines during the time course of ineffective acupuncture treatment.
A large-scale television advertising dataset for detailed impression analysis
Authors: Tao Li , Nakamura Shunsuke , Wang Xueting , Kawahara Tatsuya , Tamura Gen , Yamasaki Toshihiko
Published: August 2023

Creating impressive video content such as movies and advertisements is a very important yet challenging task in business that requires both a sense of creativity and a lot of experience. Even professionals cannot necessarily invoke the impressions and emotions that they have aimed at. Many video advertisements are created and then disappear without giving a large impact on viewers. This paper presents a large-scale dataset of television (TV) advertisements that consists of 14,490 videos. The impressions of each video such as the recognition rate and interestingness rate are from the results of questionnaires answered by 620 participants. We also present a baseline for predicting the impression effects of TV advertisements by using visual and audio information, metadata such as broadcasting pattern, business category, the popularity of the casts, and text information including texts appearing on videos and narrations in audios. We predict four impressions of the viewers: 1) how much participants remember the video afterward, 2) how much they feel like buying the product/service, 3) how much they become interested in the product/service, and 4) how much they like the content of the advertisement itself. By combining images, audio, metadata, cast data, and text data, our baseline method is able to predict such impressions with a correlation of 0.69-0.82, much better than using a single-modal feature such as visual data or audio data only. This paper also gives some possible applications such as estimating the importance scores of each key frame, which gives us informative insights about how to make the advertisement content more impressive.
How sure are you? — the properties of self-reported conviction in the elicitation of health preferences with discrete choice experiments
Authors: Jakubczyk Michał , Lewandowski Michał
Published: August 2023

Discrete choice experiments (DCE) are often used to elicit preferences, for instance, in health preference research. However, DCEs only provide binary responses, whilst real-life choices are made with varying degrees of conviction. We aimed to verify whether eliciting self-reported convictions on a 0–100 scale adds meaningful information to the binary choice. Eighty three respondents stated their preferences for health states using DCE and the time trade-off method (TTO). In TTO, utility ranges were also elicited to account for preference imprecision. We verified the properties of the conviction across three areas: (1) response to various choice task modifications (e.g. dominance, increase in complexity, distance from the status quo) and association with rationality violations (e.g. intransitivity); (2) association with test–retest results; (3) relation to the utility difference and imprecision estimated in TTO. Regarding (1), conviction increased in choice tasks with lower complexity, larger relative attractiveness, and lower distance to the status quo. Regarding (2), choices made with above-median conviction were sustained in 90% of the cases, compared to 68% for below-median conviction. Regarding (3), the conviction increases with utility difference and it decreases with utility imprecision; overconfidence seems to prevail: non-zero conviction is reported even for identical utilities. Self-reported conviction in DCE is associated in an intuitive way with the observed choices. It may, therefore, be useful in explaining or predicting behaviour or bridging the gap between the results of various elicitation tasks.
Role of penile rehabilitation through daily intake of 5 mg tadalafil on erectile dysfunction after different presentations of penile fracture: a prospective case–control study
Authors: GamalEl Din Sameh Fayek , Nabil Nashaat , Ragab Mohamed Wael , Saad Hany , Labib Mariam , Abo Sief Ahmed
Published: August 2023

Purpose

We aimed in the current study to identify the predictive factors of ED occurrence in healthy individuals following penile fracture surgical repair as well as the effect of penile rehabilitation in the form of daily tadalafil 5 mg intake for 1 month for patients who suffered from ED after penile fracture incident.

Method

The current study was a prospective case–control study. Twenty-five patients were enrolled into the study starting from January (2022) to February (2023). Furthermore, time of presentation was determined, and length of tear intra-operative was measured, and then, a follow-up 1 week postoperatively in the outpatient clinic was conducted. All patients were instructed to start intercourse at least 2 weeks after the first visit provided that the wound epithelialized. Potent patients returned back home. A rehabilitation course of daily tadalafil 5 mg for 1 month was prescribed for patients who started complaining of ED that was confirmed by evaluation with the Arabic validated version of the international index of erectile function (ArIIEF-5). The rehabilitation therapy was terminated by resumption of normal erectile function. Thus, re-evaluation with the ArIIEF-5 was determined according to their response to therapy. Also, the patients were evaluated by hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) before and after penile fracture repair.

Results

The current study had demonstrated that a 1% increase in age determines an increase in odds ratio for post-penile fracture ED with 73.6% and 1 cm increase in the length of tear determines an increase in odds ratio for post-penile fracture ED with 20.04 times.

Conclusion

The current study enhances the proper counseling of these patients prior to repairing the defect about the probability of ED occurrence as well as initiating early penile rehabilitation to help these patients resuming their normal sexual activity as soon as possible.
Which symptom to address in psychological treatment for cancer survivors when fear of cancer recurrence, depressive symptoms, and cancer-related fatigue co-occur? Exploring the level of agreement between three systematic approaches to select the focus of treatment
Authors: Harnas Susan J. , Booij Sanne H. , Csorba Irene , Nieuwkerk Pythia T. , Knoop Hans , Braamse Annemarie M. J.
Published: August 2023

Purpose

To investigate the extent to which three systematic approaches for prioritizing symptoms lead to similar treatment advices in cancer survivors with co-occurring fear of cancer recurrence, depressive symptoms, and/or cancer-related fatigue.

Methods

Psychological treatment advices were was based on three approaches: patient preference, symptom severity, and temporal precedence of symptoms based on ecological momentary assessments. The level of agreement was calculated according to the Kappa statistic.

Results

Overall, we found limited agreement between the three approaches. Pairwise comparison showed moderate agreement between patient preference and symptom severity. Most patients preferred treatment for fatigue. Treatment for fear of cancer recurrence was mostly indicated when based on symptom severity. Agreement between temporal precedence and the other approaches was slight. A clear treatment advice based on temporal precedence was possible in 57% of cases. In cases where it was possible, all symptoms were about equally likely to be indicated.

Conclusions

The three approaches lead to different treatment advices. Future research should determine how the approaches are related to treatment outcome. We propose to discuss the results of each approach in a shared decision-making process to make a well-informed and personalized decision with regard to which symptom to target in psychological treatment.

Implications for Cancer Survivors

This study contributes to the development of systematic approaches for selecting the focus of psychological treatment in cancer survivors with co-occurring symptoms by providing and comparing three different systematic approaches for prioritizing symptoms.
Promoting the implementation process of Power Food (‘Krachtvoer’), an educational program on healthy nutrition for prevocational secondary schools
Authors: Driessen-Willems Marion , Kremers Stef , Bartelink Nina , Bessems Kathelijne , Kintzen Conny , van Assema Patricia
Published: August 2023

Actively promoting the implementation process of health promotion interventions, ensuring their sufficient and appropriate use in practice, requires a planned approach. Many types of implementation strategies can be used for this purpose, selected on the basis of identified determinants of the implementation process in the specific implementation context. Several phases can be distinguished in the implementation process, namely adoption, actual use, sustainability, scaling up, and de-implementation of the intervention. This article describes which implementation strategies have been and are currently used to promote the implementation process of the educational program Power Food (Krachtvoer), an intervention on healthy nutrition for students in Dutch prevocational secondary schools. It also presents visitor data from the Krachtvoer.nu website during the 2019–2020, 2020–2021 and 2021–2022 school years. A reflection on the approach emphasizes the importance of the leading role of the cross-domain project team, the co-creation with users, and the intersectoral cooperation with the national partner network. A national (funding) policy in the Netherlands to support the sustainability of proven effective and well-implementable health promotion interventions is sorely missed.
The DoDo experience: an alternative antiretroviral 2-drug regimen of doravirine and dolutegravir
Authors: Sammet Stefanie , Touzeau-Römer Veronique , Wolf Eva , Schenk-Westkamp Pia , Romano Birgit , Gersbacher Elke , Kastenbauer Ulrich , Boesecke Christoph , Rockstroh Jürgen , Scholten Stefan , Schneeweiss Stephan , Roider Julia , Seybold Ulrich
Published: August 2023

Background

Currently available antiretroviral 2-drug regimen (2DR) fixed dose combinations may not be suitable for specific situations including the presence of resistance associated mutations (RAM) or drug − drug interactions (DDI). The data on the use of the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor doravirine (DOR) and the integrase inhibitor dolutegravir (DTG) as an alternative 2DR remain scarce.

Methods

People living with HIV with DOR + DTG as a 2DR are being followed in a prospective observational study.

Results

This analysis describes 85 participants with a median age of 57 years. Median CD4-nadir was 173/µl and a majority (66%) had a history of HIV-associated or AIDS-defining conditions. Antiretroviral history was mostly extensive, and documentation of RAM was frequent. The main reasons for choosing DOR + DTG were DDI (29%), tolerability (25%), and cardiovascular risk reduction (21%). Plasma viral load at switch was < 50 copies/ml in all but 3 instances, median CD4 count was 600/µl. DOR + DTG was later changed to another regimen in 10 participants after a median of 265 days, the other 75 participants have remained on DOR + DTG for a median of 947 days.

Conclusion

DOR + DTG as a 2DR proved to be a durable treatment option even in extensively pretreated individuals.
A Review of the Reactivity of Phosphatase Controlled by Clays and Clay Minerals: Implications for Understanding Phosphorus Mineralization in Soils
Authors: Chen Ai , Arai Yuji
Published: August 2023

Mineralizable macronutrients (e.g. C, N, P, and S) are sorbed readily (i.e. adsorption and precipitation) in clays and clay minerals. Phosphorus (P) is one of the limiting macronutrients in soils because both phosphate and organic P undergo chemisorption in soil minerals. Furthermore, phosphatases that mineralize the organic P species tend to partition into soil minerals, suppressing the interactions between organic P and phosphatase. Adsorbed phosphatase on the mineral surfaces can regulate the enzyme activity and influence the biochemical properties of the enzyme (e.g. kinetics, conformation, and stability), affecting the P cycle in the terrestrial environment. Phosphatase–mineral interactions are widely reported to decrease the enzyme activity while enhancing the enzyme stability (e.g. thermal and proteolysis stability). Contradictory findings have also been reported. Specific enzymes, mineral characteristics, and reaction conditions are probably responsible for various reactivity (e.g. mineralization). The purpose of the present review was to summarize current and past investigations of acid and alkaline phosphatase sorption in clays and clay minerals and to examine phosphatase chemical properties (e.g. kinetic activity, thermal and proteolysis stability) and factors (e.g. pH, saturating cations of the mineral, enzyme structure, and mineral surface polarity) influencing the phosphatase-mineral interaction. Lastly, also reviewed is the application of phosphatase–mineral interactions with some expansion to other enzymes as an indication of potential future application for phosphatase and future research needs.
Le temps d’un rituel
Authors: Yaya McKenzie Isabel
Published: August 2023

En équilibre précaire sur de petits destriers, les conquérants espagnols
tentent péniblement de transpercer les troupes du souverain Atahualpa qui
défendent à pied le destin de l’Empire inca. La scène est désordonnée, tantôt
tendue, tantôt enjouée, car la plupart de ses interprètes sont en état d’ébriété
avancée. Renvoyant à l’épisode tragique survenu en 1532, cette séquence est
rejouée depuis la première moitié du xviie siècle au cours
de diverses fêtes votives de la Sierra centrale péruvienne. Aujourd’hui, si les
modalités de cette reconstitution peuvent varier d’un endroit à l’autre, elles
sont toujours financées par des laïcs bénévoles ; s’y mêlent messes,
processions, beuveries, banquets, danses collectives, jeux de combat,
divertissements musicaux et, parfois, un spectacle taurin. Ces pratiques
festives s’inscrivent en cela dans une histoire connectée, celle de la
circulation et des reconfigurations des représentations de Maures et chrétiens
dans le monde ibérique. Cet article propose de saisir les dynamiques
institutionnelles, à la croisée du politique et du religieux, qui ont participé
au succès et à la stabilité de cette performance dans les Andes. Il interroge
également la texture de cette longue durée et son articulation avec d’autres
temporalités. À partir d’enquêtes ethnographiques effectuées à Chiquián
(Áncash), l’étude s’attarde en dernier lieu sur les temporalités du rituel :
quels passés, quels présents et quels horizons d’attente s’emboîtent dans les
cadres d’interaction de cette représentation ?
Deux assemblées protestantes à Tianjin
Authors: Thireau Isabelle
Published: August 2023

Cet article part d’une enquête menée entre 2011 et 2017 sur de deux lieux de
culte protestants à Tianjin, ville située au sud-est de Pékin : un temple
officiel et un « point de rassemblement domestique ». Prenant appui sur
l’observation de 83 moments de culte ainsi que sur des échanges avec des
prédicateurs et des fidèles, cette étude s’inscrit dans un contexte d’essor du
religieux, celui notamment du protestantisme, et de multiplication des
rassemblements publics en dépit des contraintes rencontrées. L’analyse montre
comment, là où des références au passé ne peuvent être mobilisées pour éclairer
l’expérience présente, prédicateurs et auteurs de témoignages s’emparent de la
Bible et de ses « histoires vraies » pour pouvoir parler des événements et
situations rencontrées au quotidien et en proposer un sens moins brouillé. La
Bible offre en effet de nouveaux usages linguistiques qui permettent de
nouvelles formes d’interprétation, à distance des incertitudes mais aussi des
rigidités idéologiques du langage disponible dans la Chine du
xxie siècle. Elle propose des repères qui échappent à
l’emprise du doute et auxquels peut s’arrimer l’expression de toutes sortes
d’inquiétudes et d’incertitudes. La figure du « faux croyant » mais aussi celle
du mauvais concitoyen sont ainsi déplorées à la lumière d’un même mal : les
faux-semblants. La langue, première modalité de l’apparaître et dénoncée à ce
titre comme lieu privilégié de diverses dissimulations, surgit ici pour nommer
et contenir pareil soupçon, mais aussi pour proposer des interprétations et des
orientations moins incertaines.
Antibiotic Selection and Duration for Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection in Non-Hospitalized Older Adults: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Langford Bradley J. , Daneman Nick , Diong Christina , Lee Samantha M. , Fridman Daniel J. , Johnstone Jennie , MacFadden Derek , Mponponsuo Kwadwo , Patel Samir N. , Schwartz Kevin L. , Brown Kevin A.
Published: August 2023

Background:

We sought to evaluate the impact of antibiotic selection and duration of therapy on treatment failure in older adults with catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CA-UTI).

Methods:

We conducted a population-based cohort study comparing antibiotic treatment options and duration of therapy for non-hospitalized adults aged 66 and older with presumed CA-UTI (defined as an antibiotic prescription and an organism identified in urine culture in a patient with urinary catheterization documented within the prior 90 d). The primary outcome was treatment failure, a composite of repeat urinary antibiotic prescribing, positive blood culture with the same organism, all-cause hospitalization or mortality, within 60 days. We determined the risk of treatment failure accounting for age, sex, comorbidities, and healthcare exposure using log-binomial regression.

Results:

Of 4,436 CA-UTI patients, 2,709 (61.1%) experienced treatment failure. Compared to a reference of TMP-SMX (61.9% failure), of those treated with fluoroquinolones, 56.3% experienced failure (RR 0.91, 95% CI: 0.85–0.98) and 60.9% of patients treated with nitrofurantoin experienced failure (RR 1.02, 95% CI: 0.94–1.10). Compared to 5–7 days of therapy (treatment failure: 59.4%), 1–4 days was associated with 69.5% failure (RR 1.15, 95% CI: 1.05–1.27), and 8–14 days was associated with a 62.0% failure (RR 1.05, 95% CI: 0.99–1.11).

Conclusions:

Although most treatment options for CA-UTI have a similar risk of treatment failure, fluoroquinolones, and treatment durations ≥ 5 days in duration appear to be associated with modestly improved clinical outcomes. From a duration of therapy perspective, this study provides reassurance that relatively short courses of 5–7 days may be reasonable for CA-UTI.
“Are Canadian Street Cops Outgunned?”: The Debate over Police Handguns in the 1990s
Authors: Brown R. Blake , Bartlett Rudy
Published: August 2023

This article offers the first scholarly analysis of the shift from revolvers to semi-automatic handguns in Canada to contribute to our knowledge of police militarization. In the 1990s, most Canadian police handed in their venerable service revolvers and received modern semi-automatic pistols. Advocates of new weapons pointed to relatively rare but high-profile shootings of police to show the dangers of law enforcement work and the need to have better firearms. The gun industry encouraged the rearming of police through an aggressive marketing campaign emphasizing that modern police forces required more advanced weapons and the military lineage of their products. The transition to semi-automatic handguns sometimes proved controversial, as human rights advocates believed the new handguns could result in excessive use of force. Despite this concern, most police were rearmed by the beginning of the twenty-first century.
Salt fingering staircases and the three-component Phillips effect
Authors: Pružina Paul , Hughes David W. , Pegler Samuel S.
Published: August 2023

Understanding the dynamics of staircases in salt fingering convection presents a long-standing theoretical challenge to fluid dynamicists. Although there has been significant progress, particularly through numerical simulations, there are a number of conflicting theoretical explanations as to the driving mechanism underlying staircase formation. The Phillips effect proposes that layering in stirred stratified flow is due to an antidiffusive process, and it has been suggested that this mechanism may also be responsible for salt fingering staircases. However, the details of this process, as well as mathematical models to predict the evolution and merger dynamics of staircases, have yet to be established. We generalise the theory of the Phillips effect to a three-component system (e.g. temperature, salinity, energy) and demonstrate a regularised nonlinear model of layering based on mixing length parametrisations. The model predicts both the inception of layering and its long-term evolution through mergers, while generalising, and remaining consistent with, previous results for double-diffusive layering based on flux ratios. Our model of salt fingering is formulated using spatial averaging processes, and closed by a mixing length parametrised in terms of the kinetic energy and the ratio of the temperature and salt gradients. The model predicts a layering instability for a bounded range of parameter values in the salt fingering regime. Nonlinear solutions show that an initially unstable linear buoyancy gradient develops into layers, which proceed to merge through a process of stronger interfaces growing at the expense of weaker ones. Our results indicate that these mergers are responsible for the characteristic increase of buoyancy flux through thermohaline staircases.
Towards Deconstructivist Music: Reconstruction paradoxes, neural networks, concatenative synthesis and automated orchestration in the creative process
Authors: Nguyen Philon , Tsabary Eldad
Published: August 2023

Since the 1980s, deconstruction has become a popular approach for designing architecture. In music, however, the term has not been absorbed as well by the related literature, with a few exceptions. In this article, ways to find ideological groundings for deconstructivism in music are introduced through the concepts of enchaînement and reconstruction paradoxes. Similar to the Banach–Tarski paradox in mathematics, reconstruction paradoxes occur when reconstructing the parts of a whole no longer yields the same properties as the whole. In music, a reconstruction paradox occurs when a piece constructed from tonal segments no longer yields a perceived tonality. Deconstruction in architecture heavily relies on computer-aided design (CAD) to realise complex ideas. Similarly in music, computer-aided composition (CAC) techniques such as neural networks, concatenative synthesis and automated orchestration are used. In this article, we discuss such tools in the context of this advocated new aesthetics: deconstructivist music.
Genetic variation in Bambara ground nuts as revealed by agro-morphological and DArTseq markers and selection for improved yield performance
Authors: Chipeta Michael M. , Gimode Davis
Published: August 2023

Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea(L.) Verdc) has been neglected in terms of variety selection and development which has resulted in farmers growing a mixture of landraces that are not genetically characterized and are low yielding. With the need to set up a breeding programme in Malawi, it was necessary to thoroughly understand the genetic diversity (GD) present in the available germplasm. The objectives of the study were to assess Bambara genotypes GD using agro-morphological traits and SNP markers, and to identify and select high yielding Bambara genotypes. Field trials were conducted for two seasons at Bunda College. Later, genotypes were genotyped using DartSeqLD SNP markers. All data were analysed using R Package. Significant genetic variations (P< 0.001) were observed for most traits including grain yield, which suggests that genetic variability exists in Bambara groundnuts which can be exploited in breeding programmes aimed at developing high performing varieties. Based on grain yield, the study identified 18 top performing genotypes across the evaluation seasons which will be tested under farmers’ fields’ conditions. DArTseqLD grouped the genotypes into three clusters. It was noted that majority of the genotypes from the same origin clustered together. High genetic distances were observed between genotypes from Southern African and West African regions and this has important implications in parental selection for the genetic improvement of Bambara. Our results provide valuable insights about the extent of genetic variability and how parental lines can be selected for improved genetic gain in Bambara groundnuts.
Characterization and classification of urban weed species in northeast China using terrestrial hyperspectral images
Authors: Wang Jinfeng , Chen Guoqing , Ju Jinyan , Lin Tenghui , Wang Ruidong , Wang Zhentao
Published: August 2023

Weeds contribute to biodiversity and a wide range of ecosystem functions. It is crucial to map different weed species and analyze their physiological activities. Remote sensing techniques for plant identification, especially hyperspectral imaging, are being developed using spectral response patterns to vegetation for detection and species identification. A library of hyperspectral images of 40 urban weed species in northeast China was established in this study. A terrestrial hyperspectral camera was used to acquire 435 hyperspectral images. The hyperspectral information for each weed species was extracted and analyzed. The spectral characteristics and vegetation indices of different weeds revealed the differences between weed species in the cities of northeast China and indirectly characterized the growth and physiological activity levels of different species, but could not effectively distinguish different species. Five methods—first derivative spectrum (FDS), second derivative spectrum (SDS), standard normal variate (SNV), moving averages (MA), and Savitzky-Golay (SG) smoothing—were used to pretreat the spectral curves to maximize the retention of spectral characteristics while removing the influence of noise. We investigated the application of a convolutional neural network (CNN) with terrestrial hyperspectral remote sensing to identify urban weeds in northeast China. A CNN classification model was established to distinguish weeds from the hyperspectral images and demonstrated a test accuracy of 95.32% to 98.15%. The accuracy of the original spectrum was 97.45%; SNV had the best accuracy (98.15%) and SG was the least accurate (95.32%). This provides a baseline for understanding the hyperspectral characteristics of urban weed species and monitoring their growth. It also contributes to the development of a hyperspectral imaging database with global applicability.