bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical, laboratory and radiological assessment of skeletal maturation in children and adolescents with obesity
Authors: Ibrahim Rania S. M. , Shaker Christine William , Mira Marwa Farouk , Sedky Marwa Ahmed , Anwar Ghada Mohammad
Published: May 2020

Background

Childhood obesity is related to multiple serious health problems and an enhanced risk of premature onset of diseases. The relation of skeletal maturation to obesity is undetermined. The study aims to evaluate skeletal maturation in children and adolescents with obesity, to correlate it with their anthropometric data, body fat content, BMI, fat mass and pubertal stage.

Results

Our study shows that obese children and adolescents have accelerated skeletal maturation compared to control normal-weight healthy subjects (mean skeletal age difference of 0.123 ± 0.67 years versus − 0.175 ± 0.32 years). Also, there were significant positive correlations between bone age and BMI (r = 0.435, P value 0.00).

Conclusion

The mean skeletal age difference was more in the obese group as compared to the control group and suggesting accelerated skeletal development in the obese group. It is important to assess skeletal maturity in growing patients to determine the best timing for orthopedic and orthodontic treatment around the growth spurt.
Posterior Quadratus Lumborum Block for Labor Analgesia: A Case Report
Authors: de Haan Johanna Blair , Tabba Subhan , Lee Linden O. , Ghebremichael Semhar , Sen Sudipta , Shoham Daniel , Hernandez Nadia
Published: May 2020

Neuraxial analgesia has been established as the standard of care for labor analgesia. However, patients presenting with coagulopathy require anesthesiologists to explore alternate analgesic techniques. Systemic opioids may result in neonatal respiratory depression, and inhaled nitrous oxide may lead to nausea, vomiting, and over sedation and may not be readily available in all labor and delivery units. In this case report, we describe a case where posterior quadratus lumborum blocks provided effective analgesia in a parturient with Hemophilia A during the first stage of labor.
The evolving roles of radiolabeled quinones as small molecular probes in necrotic imaging
Authors: Su Chang , Xu Yan
Published: May 2020

Necrosis plays vital roles in living organisms which is related closely with various diseases. Non-invasively necrotic imaging can be of great values in clinical decision-making, evaluation of individualized treatment responses, and prediction of patient prognosis. This narrative review will demonstrate how the evolution of quinones for necrotic imaging has been promoted by searching for their active centers. In this review, we summarized the recent developments of various quinones with the continuous simplified π-conjugated cores in necrotic imaging and speculated their possible molecular mechanisms might be attributed to their intercalations with exposed DNA in necrotic tissues. We discussed their clinical challenges of necrotic imaging with quinones and their future translation studies deserved to be explored in personalized patient treatment.
The use of Guedel Airway for Naso-Orogastric tube insertion in patients with COVID-19. A way to minimize aerosol generation
Authors: Shafiq Faraz , Kumar Dileep
Published: May 2020

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2765

How to cite this:Shafiq F, Kumar D. The use of Guedel Airway for Naso-Orogastric tube insertion in patients with COVID-19. A way to minimize aerosol generation. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(COVID19-S4):COVID19-S141. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2765

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Using Risk-Based Security to Quantify the Number of Firearms Missed at Airport Security Checkpoints
Authors: Jacobson Sheldon H.
Published: May 2020

The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) is responsible for protecting the nation's air transportation system. Risk-based security is a paradigm for aligning security resources (i.e., personnel, technology, and time) with security risks. PreCheck is one approach that the TSA uses to implement this strategy. Given that passengers enrolled in PreCheck undergo background checks and fingerprinting, they experience expedited screening at airport security checkpoints, with standard screening lanes dedicated to passengers not enrolled in PreCheck. This difference can favorably impact the TSA’s ability to detect threat items like firearms. This paper uses publicly available data on firearm detection, number of passengers screened, and the fraction of passenger screenings in PreCheck lanes to estimate the number of firearms missed at airport security checkpoints in the United States. To achieve this, it defines risky firearms as firearms carried by passengers not enrolled in PreCheck and assumes that only standard screening lanes are where such firearms are brought to checkpoints. Under this assumption, the number of risky firearms missed in the recent past is estimated, given more current risky firearm detection rates. This analysis suggests that increasing the number of PreCheck passenger screenings may reduce the number of undetected risky firearms passing through security checkpoints.
Expression profile of matrix metalloproteinases in the labrum of femoroacetabular impingement
Authors: Schon Jason , Chahla Jorge , Paudel Sharada , Manandhar Lumanti , Feltham Tyler , Huard Johnny , Philippon Marc , Zhang Zijun
Published: May 2020

Aims

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a potential cause of hip osteoarthritis (OA). The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression profile of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the labral tissue with FAI pathology.

Methods

In this study, labral tissues were collected from four FAI patients arthroscopically and from three normal hips of deceased donors. Proteins extracted from the FAI and normal labrums were separately applied for MMP array to screen the expression of seven MMPs and three tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). The expression of individual MMPs and TIMPs was quantified by densitometry and compared between the FAI and normal labral groups. The expression of selected MMPs and TIMPs was validated and localized in the labrum with immunohistochemistry.

Results

On MMP arrays, most of the targeted MMPs and TIMPs were detected in the FAI and normal labral proteins. After data normalization, in comparison with the normal labral proteins, expression of MMP-1 and MMP-2 in the FAI group was increased and expression of TIMP-1 reduced. The histology of the FAI labrum showed disorderly cell distribution and altered composition of thick and thin collagen fibres. The labral cells expressing MMP-1 and MMP-2 were localized and their percentages were increased in the FAI labrum. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that the percentage of TIMP-1 positive cells was reduced in the FAI labrum.

Conclusion

This study established an expression profile of MMPs and TIMPs in the FAI labrum. The increased expression of MMP-1 and MMP-2 and reduced expression of TIMP-1 in the FAI labrum are indicative of a pathogenic role of FAI in hip OA development. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res. 2020;9(4):173–181.
Intestinal methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureuscauses prosthetic infection via ‘Trojan Horse’ mechanism: Evidence from a rat model
Authors: Zhu Hongyi , Jin Hanqiang , Zhang Changqing , Yuan Ting
Published: May 2020

Aims

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can cause wound infections via a ‘Trojan Horse’ mechanism, in which neutrophils engulf intestinal MRSA and travel to the wound, releasing MRSA after apoptosis. The possible role of intestinal MRSA in prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is unknown.

Methods

Rats underwent intestinal colonization with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged MRSA by gavage and an intra-articular wire was then surgically implanted. After ten days, the presence of PJI was determined by bacterial cultures of the distal femur, joint capsule, and implant. We excluded several other possibilities for PJI development. Intraoperative contamination was excluded by culturing the specimen obtained from surgical site. Extracellular bacteraemia-associated PJI was excluded by comparing with the infection rate after intravenous injection of MRSA or MRSA-carrying neutrophils. To further support this theory, we tested the efficacy of prophylactic membrane-permeable and non-membrane-permeable antibiotics in this model.

Results

After undergoing knee surgery eight or 72 hours after colonization, five out of 20 rats (25.0%) and two out of 20 rats (10.0%) developed PJI, respectively. Strikingly, 11 out of 20 rats (55.0%) developed PJI after intravenous injection of MRSA-carrying neutrophils that were isolated from rats with intestinal MRSA colonization. None of the rats receiving intravenous injections of MRSA developed PJI. These results suggest that intestinal MRSA carried by neutrophils could cause PJI in our rat model. Ten out of 20 (50.0%) rats treated with non-membrane-permeable gentamicin developed PJI, whereas only one out of 20 (5.0%) rats treated with membrane-permeable linezolid developed PJI.

Conclusion

Neutrophils as carriers of intestinal MRSA may play an important role in PJI development. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res. 2020;9(4):152–161.
Metaphyseal cones in revision total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Xie Shuqiao , Conlisk Noel , Hamilton David , Scott Chloe , Burnett Richard , Pankaj Pankaj
Published: May 2020

Aims

Metaphyseal tritanium cones can be used to manage the tibial bone loss commonly encountered at revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA). Tibial stems provide additional fixation and are generally used in combination with cones. The aim of this study was to examine the role of the stems in the overall stability of tibial implants when metaphyseal cones are used for rTKA.

Methods

This computational study investigates whether stems are required to augment metaphyseal cones at rTKA. Three cemented stem scenarios (no stem, 50 mm stem, and 100 mm stem) were investigated with 10 mm-deep uncontained posterior and medial tibial defects using four loading scenarios designed to mimic activities of daily living.

Results

Small micromotions (mean < 12 µm) were found to occur at the bone-implant interface for all loading cases with or without a stem. Stem inclusion was associated with lower micromotion, however these reductions were too small to have any clinical significance. Peak interface micromotion, even when the cone is used without a stem, was too small to effect osseointegration. The maximum difference occurred with stair descent loading. Stress concentrations in the bone occurred around the inferior aspect of each implant, with the largest occurring at the end of the long stem; these may lead to end-of-stem pain. Stem use is also found to result in stress shielding in the bone along the stem.

Conclusion

When a metaphyseal cone is used at rTKA to manage uncontained posterior or medial defects of up to 10 mm depth, stem use may not be necessary. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res. 2020;9(4):162–172.
The combination of silver-containing hydroxyapatite coating and vancomycin has a synergistic antibacterial effect on methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusbiofilm formation
Authors: Hashimoto Akira , Miyamoto Hiroshi , Kobatake Tomoki , Nakashima Takema , Shobuike Takeo , Ueno Masaya , Murakami Takayuki , Noda Iwao , Sonohata Motoki , Mawatari Masaaki
Published: May 2020

Aims

Biofilm formation is intrinsic to prosthetic joint infection (PJI). In the current study, we evaluated the effects of silver-containing hydroxyapatite (Ag-HA) coating and vancomycin (VCM) on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilm formation.

Methods

Pure titanium discs (Ti discs), Ti discs coated with HA (HA discs), and 3% Ag-HA discs developed using a thermal spraying were inoculated with MRSA suspensions containing a mean in vitro 4.3 (SD 0.8) x 106or 43.0 (SD 8.4) x 105colony-forming units (CFUs). Immediately after MRSA inoculation, sterile phosphate-buffered saline or VCM (20 µg/ml) was added, and the discs were incubated for 24 hours at 37°C. Viable cell counting, 3D confocal laser scanning microscopy with Airyscan, and scanning electron microscopy were then performed. HA discs and Ag HA discs were implanted subcutaneously in vivo in the dorsum of rats, and MRSA suspensions containing a mean in vivo 7.2 (SD 0.4) x 106  or 72.0 (SD 4.2) x 105  CFUs were inoculated on the discs. VCM was injected subcutaneously daily every 12 hours followed by viable cell counting.

Results

Biofilms that formed on HA discs were thicker and larger than those on Ti discs, whereas those on Ag-HA discs were thinner and smaller than those on Ti discs. Viable bacterial counts in vivo revealed that Ag-HA combined with VCM was the most effective treatment.

Conclusion

Ag-HA with VCM has a potential synergistic effect in reducing MRSA biofilm formation and can thus be useful for preventing and treating PJI. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res. 2020;9(5):211–218.
Learning-based denoising for polarimetric images
Authors: Li Xiaobo , Li Haiyu , Lin Yang , Guo Jianhua , Yang Jingyu , Yue Huanjing , Li Kun , Li Chuan , Cheng Zhenzhou , Hu Haofeng , Liu Tiegen
Published: May 2020

Based on measuring the polarimetric parameters which contain specific physical information, polarimetric imaging has been widely applied to various fields. However, in practice, the noise during image acquisition could lead to the output of noisy polarimetric images. In this paper, we propose, for the first time to our knowledge, a learning-based method for polarimetric image denoising. This method is based on the residual dense network and can significantly suppress the noise in polarimetric images. The experimental results show that the proposed method has an evident performance on the noise suppression and outperforms other existing methods. Especially for the images of the degree of polarization and the angle of polarization, which are quite sensitive to the noise, the proposed learning-based method can well reconstruct the details flooded in strong noise.
Design of ghost-free floating 3D display with narrow thickness using offset lens and dihedral corner reflector arrays
Authors: Choi Sungwon , Park Sungwoong , Min Sung-Wook
Published: May 2020

A floating 3D display with a dihedral corner reflector array (DCRA) is presented to improve space efficiency and eliminate ghost images. Floating displays using a DCRA have the space efficiency problem of having a system thickness equal to the height of the floating image and the problem of a ghost image interrupting the visibility of the floating display. The DCRA is analyzed to find the ghost image region. Based on the analysis, an off-axis integral floating display is placed outside the ghost image region to avoid the ghost image. To increase space efficiency, the optical path is folded using a mirror. In addition, the off-axis integral floating display is used to create a tilt angle for projecting the input image onto the DCRA in a proposed confined and narrow system to observe the complete 3D image. The effectiveness of the system was verified through simulations and experiments.
Tilted black-Si: ∼0.45 form-birefringence from sub-wavelength needles
Authors: Gailevičius Darius , Ryu Meguya , Honda Reo , Lundgaard Stefan , Suzuki Tai , Maksimovic Jovan , Hu Jingwen , Linklater Denver P. , Ivanova Elena P. , Katkus Tomas , Anand Vijayakumar , Malinauskas Mangirdas , Nishijima Yoshiaki , Hock Ng Soon , Staliūnas Kȩstutis , Morikawa Junko , Juodkazis Saulius
Published: May 2020

The self-organised conical needles produced by plasma etching of silicon (Si), known as black silicon (b-Si), create a form-birefringent surface texture when etching of Si orientated at angles of θ
i
 < 50 − 70° (angle between the Si surface and vertical plasma E-field). The height of the needles in the form-birefringent region following 15 min etching was d ∼ 200 nm and had a 100 μm width of the optical retardance/birefringence, characterised using polariscopy. The height of the b-Si needles corresponds closely to the skin-depth of Si ∼λ/4 for the visible spectral range. Reflection-type polariscope with a voltage-controlled liquid-crystal retarder is proposed to directly measure the retardance Δn × d/λ ≈ 0.15 of the region with tilted b-Si needles. The quantified form birefringence of Δn = −0.45 over λ = 400 − 700 nm spectral window was obtained. Such high values of Δn at visible wavelengths can only be observed in the most birefringence calcite or barium borate as well as in liquid crystals. The replication of b-Si into Ni-shim with high fidelity was also demonstrated and can be used for imprinting of the b-Si nanopattern into other materials.
Absorption characteristics of a metal-insulator-metal nanodisk for solar thermal applications
Authors: Qin Caiyan , Guo Yanming , Seo Junyong , Shuai Yong , Lee Jungchul , Lee Bong Jae
Published: May 2020

Due to their ability to confine light in a sub-wavelength scale and achieve coherent absorption, plasmonic nanostructures have been intensively studied for solar energy harvesting. Although nanoparticles generating localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) have been thoroughly studied for application in a direct absorption solar collector (DASC), nanoparticles exciting magnetic polaritons (MP) for use in a DASC have not drawn much attention. In this work, we report a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) nanodisk that can excite MP peaks apart from the LSPR in the solar spectrum. It was found that the MIM nanodisk generates a broader and relatively more uniform absorption band compared to a pure metallic nanodisk. The MP peaks were also found to cause less significant scattering compared to those associated with the LSPR. We finally showed that the peaks induced by the MIM nanodisk are highly tunable by varying the particle dimensions, making the proposed MIM nanodisk a potential candidate for solar thermal applications.
Layer-by-layer spray coating of a stacked perovskite absorber for perovskite solar cells with better performance and stability under a humid environment
Authors: Amratisha Koth , Ponchai Jitprabhat , Kaewurai Paphada , Pansa-ngat Pimsuda , Pinsuwan Kusuma , Kumnorkaew Pisist , Ruankham Pipat , Kanjanaboos Pongsakorn
Published: May 2020

Perovskite is an emerging material for high performance solar cell application with low-cost solution-processable fabrication. As an ink, perovskite composition can be easily modified to create semi-transparent solar cells for window replacement. To enable scalable large-scale production, the spray process is one of the major candidates. In this work, we developed sequential spray deposition (SSD) to create double layer absorbers from different dimensional perovskites. SSD, for the first time, achieves layer-by-layer deposition of different perovskite materials for stacked architecture. To demonstrate the benefits, we spray-coated lower dimension, more stable perovskite onto high performance yet sensitive 3D semi-transparent perovskite. SSD performed under a humid environment (40 - 50% RH) brings about better film stability and retains good performance of 3D perovskite. Sequential spray deposition opens new routes for various stacking designs and large-scale production under economical ambient conditions.
Enhanced one- and two-photon pumped amplified spontaneous emissions of Ag-SiO2 core-shell nanowire composite embedded CH3NH3PbBr3 in SiO2 mesopores
Authors: Zou Qiaojiao , Zhan Zijun , Cheng Chen , Li Jianfei , Gu Manna , Chen Duo , Yuan Yi , Zhou Yuxiang , Yang Cheng , Gui Weiling , Cheng Chuanfu
Published: May 2020

Benefiting from high-performance of photoelectric, hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite shows great development potential. We introduce a composite nanostructure of monolayer well-organized mesoporous silica, with a wrapped silver nanowire as a core. A gain material, methyl ammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) was embedded in mesoporous silica (mSiO2). Using 400-nm and 800-nm femtosecond lasers for pumping, which were corresponding to one-photon and two-photon regimes, the laser sign peaks appeared at 549 nm and 546 nm. The amplified spontaneous emissions (ASE) were observed, as well, giant enhancements of ASE can be obtained due to the localized field of surface plasmon resonance caused by silver-core. Compared with composites without silver nanowire cores to enhance the field distribution, the thresholds are significantly down to ∼62% and 32% of original values under 400-nm and 800-nm femtosecond lasers pump, respectively.
Pompeu Fabra i els escriptors
Authors: Francés-Díez M. Àngels
Published: May 2020

L’objectiu d’aquest article, fruit de la meua intervenció a una taula redona de balanç sobre la vigència de l’obra de Pompeu Fabra (en el context de la Jornada Internacional «100 anys de l’obra de Pompeu Fabra», que va tenir lloc a la Universitat d’Alacant el 27 de març de 2019), és dibuixar algunes pinzellades sobre la recepció de la reforma fabriana entre els escriptors de l’època. Així doncs, dedicaré un primer apartat a relatar les reaccions dels escriptors vuitcentistes a les noves convencions, parant atenció en la visió del mateix Fabra sobre l’assumpte i les resistències d’alguns autors consagrats a sotmetre’s als canvis; en segon lloc, dedicaré unes pàgines a examinar la situació al País Valencià i, per últim, en faré un balanç breu, que col·labore en la visió col·lectiva de l’home i l’obra que ofereix aquest volum de la revista Ítaca. Al final de l’article podreu trobar un annex amb alguns textos literaris d’homenatge al mestre Fabra, precedits d’un comentari general; concretament, el retrat que hi va dedicar Josep Pla en el seu recull Homenots (1969), i tres poemes de tres referents de la nostra literatura contemporània: «El meu poble i jo», de Salvador Espriu (1968), «Jaculatòries del centenari», de Pere Quart (1968), i «Entreacte», de Joan Brossa (1961).
Innovació lèxica i diccionari: la funció dels neologismes com a criteri per l’actualització lexicogràfica?
Authors: Llopart Saumell Elisabet
Published: May 2020

Aquest article es proposa estudiar la utilitat de la funció comunicativa dels neologismes a l’hora d’actualitzar el diccionari, ja que tenim en compte que, d’entre les paraules noves no recollides a les obres lexicogràfiques, no totes presenten els criteris necessaris per a la seva inclusió. En aquest sentit, prenem en consideració que la major part de paraules que conformen els diccionaris generals són paraules amb una funció principalment denominativa. Per aquest motiu, volem diferenciar els neologismes prototípics de la funció denominativa dels neologismes prototípics de la funció estilística a partir dels criteris descrits per Llopart-Saumell (2016). Els resultats obtinguts permeten, per una banda, diferenciar un i altre tipus d’unitats lèxiques i, de l’altra, valorar les característiques funcionals, sociolingüístiques, pragmaticodiscursives i morfosemàntiques que demostren que els neologismes classificats com a prototípics de la funció denominativa es defineixen com a bons candidats per ser incorporats al diccionari mentre que els neologismes prototípics de la funció estilística no compleixen aquests requisits.
Microbial risk assessment of ready-to-eat fast foods from different street-vended restaurants
Authors: Sabuj Abdullah Al Momen , Haque Zobayda Farzana , Younus Md. Iftekhar , Pondit Amrita , Barua Nanda , Hossain Md. Golzar , Islam Md. Alimul , Saha Sukumar
Published: May 2020

Aim: Microbiological risk analysis of ready-to-eat fast foods for sale on the campus of Bangladesh Agricultural University was undertaken to understand the contribution of such foods to foodborne disease.

Materials and Methods: From each of 10 randomly selected fast food outlets, a total of 120 samples of six food items were collected to assess common microbial load. In parallel, vendors were asked about their food production and selling practices, while consumers (n=200) were asked about their consumption of fast foods and whether they had experienced symptoms of foodborne disease.

Results: Aerobic plate count (APC) varied from 6.92 to 7.24 log colony-forming unit (cfu)/g, Staphylococcus spp. 4.67 to 5.15 log cfu/g, Salmonella spp. 3.67 to 4.22 log cfu/g, and Escherichia coli 4.10 to 4.58 log cfu/g. Microbial risk assessment of Staphylococcus spp., Salmonella spp., and E. coli for daily, weekly, or monthly consumption was estimated by Monte Carlo simulation (10,000 iterations). The consumer survey showed 57% chance of being infected by ready-to-eat fast food samples. The calculated mean annual risks of Staphylococcus spp., Salmonella spp., and E. coli infection were about 100% in all cases.

Conclusion: Thus, the study revealed high risk of infection associated with the consumption of ready-to-eat fast foods.
O povo Rikbatksa e a busca pela escola fora da aldeia
Authors: Zadoreski Junior Miguel Julio , Schwertner Suzana Feldens
Published: May 2020

Este trabalho apresenta parte dos resultados de uma pesquisa de mestrado, desenvolvida na Escola Municipal Rural Vinícius de Moraes, em Juína-MT, Brasil. A escola fica localizada na margem esquerda do Rio Juruena, margem oposta onde localizam-se algumas aldeias da etnia Rikbaktsa. Nas escolas das aldeias os professores são, na sua maioria, indígenas e seguem um currículo específico orientado por legislação nacional. Mesmo assim, alguns pais Rikbaktsa preferem que os estudos se efetivem na escola rural. A pesquisa pergunta: por que alguns pais de estudantes Rikbaktsa procuram escolas não indígenas para seus filhos estudarem? O objetivo da investigação foi identificar os motivos dos pais Rikbaktsa optarem por uma escola não indígena para a formação de seus filhos. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e organizados utilizando a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados demonstram que os pais dos alunos compreendem que a escola não indígena ajuda o jovem Rikbaktsa a entender a sociedade não indígena e os prepara para uma profissão. De acordo com a análise, a profissionalização pelo estudo é um caminho seguro, por meio da qual possam ter uma renda financeira para atender suas necessidades e, também, com novos conhecimentos, melhorar a vida da comunidade indígena.
Trajetórias indígenas na universidade: O direito ao ensino superior no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Russo Kelly , Diniz Edson Araújo
Published: May 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir o acesso e a permanência de estudantes indígenas no ensino superior, a partir de um trabalho de campo realizado com jovens de diferentes etnias, universitários de instituições públicas e privadas no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Através de um trabalho de revisão histórica sobre o direito à educação das populações indígenas no país, da análise de documentos e de entrevistas realizadas aos estudantes, constatamos a necessidade de se aprimorar o processo de ingresso e as condições de permanência desses estudantes, executando e viabilizando uma ampliação das políticas públicas de ação afirmativa voltada para a inclusão das populações indígenas no ensino superior no estado do Rio de Janeiro.
A representação dos povos indígenas contemporâneos nos livros didáticos
Authors: Gomes Luana Barth , Da Silva Denise Regina Quaresma , Casagrande Cledes Antonio
Published: May 2020

Este artigo apresenta dados de uma pesquisa que objetiva refletir sobre o modo como os povos indígenas são representados imageticamente nos livros didáticos atuais. Trata-se de um estudo de caráter qualitativo com ênfase exploratória, baseado na análise documental, no estudo de imagens e dados coletados em manuais educativos brasileiros. A análise e a interpretação dos dados embasam-se na hermenêutica filosófica. A investigação evidenciou que embora haja avanços nas políticas públicas que visibilizam o indígena na sociedade brasileira, ainda há muito a ser melhorado na retratação dos ameríndios nos livros didáticos, visando a constituição de sua identidade na contemporaneidade livre de estereótipos, invisibilidades e eurocentrismos existentes na sociedade e reiterado nos livros didáticos. A imagem dos povos indígenas advém de ideias distorcidas que desde crianças aprendemos na escola, a seu respeito. Essa projeção estereotipada permanece por não se ter contato com materiais que retratem esses povos de forma correta, mas também por concepções prévias equivocadas de quem produz esses artefatos culturais.
Educação escolar diferenciada indígena: Análise das publicações científicas entre 2012 e 2018
Authors: Aquino Pereira Marcos José de
Published: May 2020

Este artigo de revisão reflete sobre no que tem consistido e como vem sendo realizada a aplicação do direito a uma educação diferenciada aos povos originários nas escolas indígenas, através de uma revisão bibliográfica de dissertações e teses publicadas entre 2012 a 2018, disponíveis no banco de dados BDT CAPES, sendo nosso objetivo identificar a sua implantação ou não, buscando observar a presença de elementos culturais tradicionais de cada etnia nos conteúdos e nas práticas educativas realizadas nessas escolas. Feita a análise do material selecionado buscamos refletir sobre o que ele desvela sobre as realidades estudadas oferecendo um panorama sobre como a educação diferenciada tem sido entendida e implementada nas escolas indígenas, bem como as dificuldades ali identificadas, refletindo sobre a proposição de novas perspectivas para tornar a construção de uma educação escolar indígena diferenciada mais efetiva.
Pueblos indígenas, estado y universidad: Tensiones, oportunidades y desafíos. El caso de la Escuela de Idiomas Indígenas (Región Metropolitana, Chile)
Authors: Sánchez Silvia Castillo , Bustos Reyes Carlos , Mayo Simona , Soto Jorge , Vargas Paillahueque Cristian
Published: May 2020

Este trabajo problematiza la relación entre Universidad, Pueblos Indígenas y Estado a partir de una experiencia comunitaria orientada a revitalizar las cuatro lenguas indígenas con mayor vitalidad en Chile (aymara, quechua, rapa nui y mapudungun).  Las voces de estudiantes y docentes indígenas, funcionarios(as) del Estado y académicos(as), en esta oportunidad, se reúnen y encuentran desde su diferencia, tensiones y aproximaciones en un proyecto colaborativo, que recoge las reflexiones y aprendizajes en torno a esta experiencia educativa. El objetivo principal de este artículo es analizar las percepciones de los tres actores mencionados sobre esta iniciativa conjunta, enfatizando en las siguientes dimensiones: a) propósitos y sentidos; y b) características de la relación entre actores. Los principales hallazgos explicitan nudos problemáticos y aspectos claves respecto de la acción conjunta, en particular, oportunidades y desafíos para la configuración de nuevos espacios relacionales.
Reconhecer e valorizar os saberes e práticas indígenas
Authors: Beltrao Kaizo Iwakami , Angnes Juliane Sachser
Published: May 2020

Este dossiê apresenta resultados de estudos que vislumbram experiências dos povos indígenas na tarefa de satisfazer suas necessidades específicas na educação escolar indígena e da educação indígena, incorporando a partir disso, sua história, crenças, sistema de valores e cultura organizacional. A trajetória sócio-histórica para que os povos indígenas possam conquistar sua autonomia pedagógica envolve a apropriação dos processos educativos que se encontram vinculados tanto a educação escolar indígena, quanto a educação indígena (processos próprios de aprendizagem). Para os povos indígenas, este caminho poderia parecer simples, em um primeiro momento, em razão do novo paradigma da educação escolar indígena que privilegia a diversidade cultural. Entretanto, à medida que os indígenas avançam em direção à consecução dos seus próprios projetos de conquista esbarram em várias questões de ordem burocráticas e dificultosas. Neste sentido, as orientações aqui apresentadas não traduzem toda a complexidade dos cenários em que se encontram as populações indígenas do Brasil e da América Latina, tampouco as múltiplas facetas que podem assumir. Todavia, esperamos que os estudos aqui socializados possam auxiliar e ampliar as reflexões, além de servir como um convite para que cada vez mais as populações indígenas tenham visibilidade nos meios acadêmicos científicos.
Pengaruh pemberian asi eksklusif dan non eksklusif terhadap mental emosional anak usia 3-4 tahun
Authors: Setyarini Any , Mexitalia Maria , Margawati Ani
Published: May 2020

Background: Breastmilk is the best food contains all the elements of required nutrients for infant aged 0-6 months, and the attachment of the breastfeeding process give better of growth and mental emotional development of the infant. Less attachment between mother and infant caused mental emotional disorders, that affect to the next period of child’s development..Objective : The objective of this research was to analyze the differences of influence of exclusive breastfeeding and non exclusive brestfeeding history on child’s emotional mental age of 3-4 years as well as analyze the most dominant variables. Method: This was an observational analitic research with cross sectional approach. The subjects consisted of 84 children aged 3-4 years, living Banyumanik subdistrict Semarang, taken by purposive sampling and grouped into exclusive and non-exclusive breastfeeding. The data was collected by questionnaire, and the analysis using chi square and logistic regression.Result: The study showed that most of children with exclusively breastfed had good mental emotional (76.2%), while children who did not get exclusively breastfed had a mental emotional problem (64.3%). There were relations between breastfeeding (p=0,001), mother’s knowledge (p=0,001), mother’s attitude (p=0,001), and mother’s education level (p=0,029) to children’s mental emotional. Education level of mother was the most influence variable for child’s emotional mental after addjusted with mother’s knowledge, mother’s attitude,  mother’s education level, and birth weight of children.Conclusion: Breastfeeding history, mother’s knowledge, mother’s attitude, and mother’s education level were factors that influencing to children’s mental emotional
Efek pemberian ekstrak klorofil daun pepaya (carica papaya, linn.) terhadap kadar ast dan alt serum
Authors: Damayanti Kusmadewi Eka , Wijayahadi Noor , Puruhita Niken
Published: May 2020

Background: Pharmacological therapy is one of the therapy modalities which carries the hepatic injury as one of its side effects. Nowadays, curcuma tablets has become choice of hepatoprotector. Other substance which has the possibilities of hepatoprotection activities is chlorophyll. The study is aimed to investigate the effect of papaya leaves chlorophyll extracts towards the serum AST and serum ALT levels on high-dose-paracetamol-induced Wistar rats. Materials and methods: This was an experimental study applying pretest-posttest controlled group design. Twenty eight Wistar rats 8-12 weeks age and weighted 185-220 grams assigned into four groups, namely group I (control), group II (paracetamol 750 mg/kg bw + no hepatoprotector agent), group III (paracetamol 750 mg/kg bw + curcuma 100 mg/kg bw), and group IV (paracetamol 750 mg/kg bw + papaya leaves chlorophyll extracts 300 mg/kg bw). The hepatoprotector agents were administered for a week, while the high dose paracetamol was administered for three consecutive days (day 5, 6, and 7). The pretest samples were drawn on the fifth day before the administration of high dose paracetamol, and the posttest samples were drawn on eightth day. Results: There were no difference among four groups on serum AST and serum ALT levels before the administration of high dose paracetamol, p=0.522 dan p=0.682, respectively. After the administration of high dose paracetamol, there were differences among four groups on both variables, both p=0.000. The post-hoc test showed that differences happened on all four groups (p<0.05).Conclusion: Chlorophyll extract of papaya leaves can inhibit liver injury on high-dose-paracetamol-induced-Wistar rats.
Protective effect of Specnuezhenide on islet Î² cell of rats with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Yang Jing , Jia Jian , Yang Yongkang , Zhao Yaning , Li Qin
Published: May 2020

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) refers to diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance first diagnosed during pregnancy without previous history of the disease. Usually, GDM has a high risk of inducing type 2 diabetes mellitus. The incidence of GDM is increasing year by year worldwide, and it seriously affects the quality of life of patients, and increases the risk to pregnancy. Specnuezhenide (SPZ) is a characteristic active component of Ligustrum lucidum, a plant which exerts a variety of pharmacological effects. In this study, the protective effect of SPZ on Î² cells in gestational diabetes mellitus rats was investigated in a rat model of gestational diabetes. Based on oral glucose tolerance test, ELISA, qRT-PCR and western blotting assays, It was found that SPZ effectively improved blood sugar control and glucose tolerance in gestational diabetic rats, inhibited inflammation in islet tissue, and reduced inflammation-mediated insulin resistance.
Oxidative stress and apoptosis in electromagnetic waves exposed Zebrafish embryos and protective effects of conductive nonwoven fabric
Authors: íœstündağ íœnsal Veli , í–zen Mustafa Sabri , íœnal ć°smail , Ateş Perihan Seda , Alturfan Ahmet Ata , Akalın Mehmet , Sancak Erhan , Emekli-Alturfan Ebru
Published: May 2020

The amount of technological products including television, radio transmitters, and mobile phone that have entered our daily life has increased in recent years. But these devices may cause adverse effects on human health. Electromagnetic shielding fabrics may limit and inhibit electromagnetic waves. Aim of our study was to evaluate electromagnetic wave blocking performance of nonwoven textile surfaces on zebrafish embryos that were exposed to electromagnetic waves at specific frequencies. Oxidant-antioxidant system parameters were evaluated spectrophotometrically. The expressions of tp53 and casp3a were evaluated by RT-PCR. Results showed that electromagnetic shielding fabrics produced as conductive nonwoven textile surfaces improved oxidant-antioxidant status and tp53 expression that were impaired in electromagnetic waves exposed zebrafish embryos. Also, electromagnetic shielding fabrics decreased casp3a expression responsible for the execution phase of apoptosis that increased in electromagnetic waves exposed zebrafish embryos.
Effects of Silymarin on milk production, liver enzymes, oxidative status and HSP70 gene expression in postparturient Sanjabi ewes
Authors: Khamisabadi Hassan
Published: May 2020

In the sheep farming industry, breeders need suitable strategies in order to improve milk yields. Meanwhile, silymarin (a natural hepatoprotector substance) has beneficial effects on common oxidative stress at the beginning of lactation. This study was the first research to evaluate the effect of silymarin on milk production, liver enzymes, oxidative and HSP70 responses in the postpartum period. Total 20 Sanjabi ewes were divided into two groups: control (group C: no addition) and treated (group T: received a diet supplemented with silymarin at 2000 mg/kg feed for 15 d after lambing). Data indicated that silymarin reduced postpartum body weight(BW) loss. At the same time, the feed intake (FI) rate increased. In addition, the peaks of milk yields could be achieved earlier compared with control ewes (P< 0.05). Treatment decreased milk compositions (fat and protein) on days 10 and 15. Furthermore, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in group T were significantly lower than group C (P< 0.05). Also, the activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes (Glutathione peroxidase, Superoxide dismutase, and Catalase) were increased. Silymarin remarkable increased the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values (P< 0.05). Meanwhile, an increasing trend in the total protein levels was recorded in group T as compared to group C (P> 0.05). The QRT-PCR analysis showed that silymarin supplemental reduced expression of HSP70 gene in blood serum (P< 0.05). It means that changing the diet can affect the activity of heat shock proteins that consequently changes the quality of animal products. In conclusion, our observation relieved that silymarin treatment in the puerperium periodis potentially an effective strategy to improve milk quality via dual hep at oprotective and antioxidant functions.
Distribution of blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaOXA, and blaDHA in Proteus mirabilis Isolated from Diabetic Foot Infections in Erbil, Iraq
Authors: Fattah Hamid Samira , Bahadeen Taha Aza , Jamel Abdulwahid Muhsin
Published: May 2020

Diabetic foot infection is considered to be one of the most important medical, economic, and social problems and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Proteus mirabilis is a common etiologic agent of diabetic foot infections. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of beta-lactamase genes in P. mirabilis recovered from patients with diabetic foot wounds in Erbil, Iraq. Eighteen P. mirabilis isolated from 84 patients with diabetic foot ulcers were first phenotypically examined for the existence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases by combined disc method and double-disc synergy method that all isolates showed positive results by both methods. The results were confirmed genetically by PCR to detect beta-lactamase-encoding genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaOXA, and blaDHA). The results revealed that all isolates contained extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and that 80% of the P. mirabilis isolates contained blaDHA, 60% had blaTEM, 53.3% had blaOXA, and 26.7% had blaCTX-M, whereas no isolates harbored blaSHV. The coexistence of two or more beta-lactamase genes in one isolate was observed. The existence of four genes (blaTEM + blaCTX-M + blaOXA + blaDHA) in the same isolate was documented in two isolates. In conclusion, this is the first study that reports a high prevalence of blaDHA and the coexistence of four resistance genes in the same organism in P. mirabilis isolated from diabetic foot patients in Iraq.
MicroRNA-92a promotes proliferation and invasiveness of gastric cancer cell by targeting FOXO1 gene
Authors: Yu Jiawei , Ni Qingfeng , Zhang Shu , Hua Ruheng , Tao Ran , Tang Chong , Feng Shichun
Published: May 2020

The aim of this study is to   investigate the effect of miRNA-92a on GC cell proliferation, migration and invasiveness, and the mechanism(s) involved.  Four GC cell lines (SGC-7901, BGC-823, MKN45 and HGC-27) and normal human gastric epithelial cells (GES1) were used in this study. MicroRNA-92a mimics or inhibitor were transfected into the cells. The results of transfection were assessed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell proliferation, migration, invasiveness and apoptosis were determined using cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8), scratch test, Transwell invasion assay, and flow cytometric analysis, respectively. The protein target of miRNA-92a was predicted using Bioinformatics. The expression of FOXO1 protein was measured using Western blotting. The expression of miRNA-92a was significantly upregulated in GC cells, relative to normal gastric epithelial cells (p < 0.05). Overexpression of miRNA-92a significantly promoted the proliferation, migration and invasiveness of GC cells, but significantly inhibited their apoptosis (p < 0.05). MicroRNA-92a directly targeted FOXO1 gene, and significantly reduced its protein expression. Overexpression of miRNA-92a promotes the proliferation, migration and invasiveness of GC cells, and plays a role similar to that of oncogene. It directly targets FOXO1 gene by inhibiting its protein expression.
Effects of Qing Qiao Capsule in the treatment of chronic secretory otitis media and the levels of serum inflammatory factors
Authors: Zhong Lunkun , Tan Minhua , Hu Wenjian , Lv Caifeng , Zhu Jiali , Liu Jing , Zhou Xingwei
Published: May 2020

To explore the effects of Qing Qiao Capsule in the treatment of chronic secretory otitis media and the levels of serum inflammatory factors, a total of 50 chronic secretory otitis media patients in the control group were subjected to caefaclor capsule, while the total of 50 cases in the observation group were treated with Qing Qiao Capsule. The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome scores, therapeutic effects, and the levels of inflammatory factors were evaluated. After treatment, the scores of deafness, hearing loss, dizziness, soreness and weakness of the waist and knees, and fever is hens in palms and soles were significantly decreased in both groups (all P value <0.05). However, each score in the observation group was markedly less than that of the control group (all P value <0.05). Moreover, the C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT) and tumor necrosis factor-Î± (TNF-Î±) levels measured after treatment were significantly lowered than those before treatment (all P value <0.05). Also, the levels of CRP, PCT and TNF-Î± in the observation group were obviously less than that of the control group (all P value <0.05). And the total therapeutic efficacy of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). But no significant difference was observed in the rates of adverse reactions between both groups (P>0.05). Application of Qing Qiao Capsule in the treatment of chronic secretory otitis media yields better results, lowers TCM syndrome scores, and alleviates the body's inflammatory response, which is a safe drug in clinical use.
Intra-ovarian stem cell transplantation in management of premature ovarian insufficiency: towards the induced Oogonial Stem Cell (iOSC)
Authors: Celik Onder , Ak Mehmet , Sahin Erdem , Senturk Senol , Ugur Kader , Celik Sudenaz , Celik Nilufer , Cengiz Ferhat , Muderris Iptisam ć°pek , Capar Metin , Sahin ć°brahim , Aydin Suleyman
Published: May 2020

The specialized resident-stem cells in gonads are tasked with restorating damaged ovarian cells following injury to maintain sequential reproductive events. When we talk about premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) we accept the existence of decreased stem cell and their regenerative abilities. The present study was to explain how restorating damaged ovarian cells following injury to maintain sequential reproductive events in evidence-based medicine indexed in PubMed and Web of Science. The exact mechanism is unclear stem cells transfer may improve compromised ovarian function and fertility outcome in women with POI. Soluble factors secreted by stem cell may rescue impaired mitochondrial function in oogonial stem cells, enhance metabolic capacity of resident stem cells, induce local neovascularization in the ovary, and activate gene shifting between transferred stem cells and germ cell precursors. This review may provide insight into how stem cells show some of their beneficial effects on compromised ovarian microenvironment and germ cell niche and paves the way for clinical trials for improving ovarian function of women with POI. We also had the opportunity to share our hypothesis about the design and development of induced oogonial stem cell (iOSC) and its use in POI.