bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Coagulation Mechanism in the Development of Acute Thrombosed Hemorrhoidal Disease
Authors: ALKAN Selman , ÇAKIR Murat , VARMAN Alper , SENTÜRK Mustafa , KİSİ Omer , TOPAL Ahmet
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Background Hemorrhoidal disease is a common benign anorectal disease. Acute thrombosis that occurs during the course of hemorrhoidal disease is a painful complication. Factors affecting its etiopathogenesis are not known definitively. The aim of this study, therefore, was to assess predisposition to coagulation during the development of the disease.

Method 30 patients with acute thrombosed hemorrhoidal disease and 30 other patients with hemorrhoidal disease but no thromboses were included in the study. Samples collected from

these patients were analyzed with thromboelastography machines. The results were compared

with patients’ demographic data.

Results No statistically significant difference was found between the groups as per age, sex, diarrhea, history of a similar attack, history of surgical treatment, spicy food consumption, fibrous food consumption, and regular exercise. The results of our study revealed that the alpha angle was smaller in patients with acute

thrombosed hemorrhoidal disease.

Conclusion Hypercoagulability does not occur in patients with acute thrombosed hemorrhoidal disease
Historia de los pronombres de tratamiento iberorromances : Península Ibérica, América, África y Filipinas
Authors: Lara Bermejo Víctor
Published: November 2022

Los pronombres de tratamiento en el espectro iberorromance son uno de los fenómenos más complejos que históricamente se han dado en estas lenguas, sobre todo en español y portugués. En este libro, se explica la diacronía de la cortesía y los pronombres de tratamiento bajo una perspectiva global que permite entender las razones que han llevado a tamaña complejidad y a la enorme variación actual. Así, no solo se establecen las relaciones geolingüísticas, sociolingüísticas, históricas y pragmáticas, sino que se argumentan los condicionantes gramaticales que están detrás del tuteo, voseo, ustedeo, sumercedeo, voceamento y tuteamento, y sus múltiples concordancias, teniendo en cuenta además el contacto lingüístico y los procesos de migración. Gracias a este monográfico, podremos comprender por qué existen distintas zonas en la Península Ibérica y en Iberoamérica, y qué recorrido han experimentado África y Filipinas en cuanto a sus pronombres de tratamiento.
Vol. 15 Núm. 2 (2022): Social anxiety disorder, social phobia, and psychoeducational
Authors: Annette M. La Greca Annette M. , Candido J. Ingles Candido J.
Published: November 2022

no aplica
A qualitative study of social anxiety and impairment amid the COVID-19 pandemic for adolescents and young adults in Portugal and the US
Authors: Coyle Samantha , agos Paula , Masia Carrie , Silva Joana , Xavier Ana , Martin Grace , Wimmer Jessica , Kalvera Avi , Jeyanayagam Britney , Lekas Helen-Maria , Ganho-Ávila Ana , Lima Luiza
Published: November 2022

This qualitative investigation explored the social and academic experiences of socially anxious adolescents and young adults in Portugal and the US as they lived through the restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were 10 Portuguese adolescents (mean age = 16.9 years; 50% female) and 7 young adults in the US (mean age = 19.67 years; 71% female; racially/ethnically diverse). Participants completed a semi-structured interview evaluating how the pandemic and social restrictions impacted social anxiety symptoms and associated functional impairment in social and academic domains. Thematic analysis was used to categorize responses across developmental stages and countries. Findings show consistent patterns across cultures, with symptoms of SAD extending to virtual contexts. Participants reported avoidance behaviors that were reinforced by social distancing mandates and declines in academic engagement during remote learning. Anticipatory anxiety about the return to normal social routines was also evident. Schools should be aware of the impact of social confinement on socially anxious students as they return to in person school schedules and social demands.
The predictive ability of school refusal on high social anxiety in Chilean adolescents
Authors: Giménez-Miralles Mariola , Lagos-San Martín Nelly , Gonzálvez Carolina
Published: November 2022

There is a growing interest in quantifying the risk of presenting maladaptive behaviors through the use of multivariate prediction algorithms such as logistic regressions. The objective of this study was to analyze the predictive capacity of school refusal behavior on high levels of social anxiety. The study used a sample of 895 Chilean adolescents (54.3% girls) aged between 14 and 17 years. The School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised (SRAS-R) and the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A) were administered. The results revealed that adolescents with school refusal presented significantly higher scores in social anxiety than their peers with low scores in school refusal. This is due to feelings of social aversion, negative affectivity, fear of evaluation, or the use of this behavior to pursue the attention of significant others. This type of school refusal was found to be a positive and statistically significant predictor of high scores for social anxiety. On the contrary, when school refusal is based on obtaining tangible reinforcement outside the school, this factor acts as a negative and statistically significant predictor of high scores for social anxiety. These findings are discussed with reference to the differences found according to the type of school refusal behavior and its impact on the appearance of high levels of social anxiety.
Recrutamento e seleção: novas tendências
Authors: Pinto Karla Beatriz Lima , Natividade Denner Matos , Florêncio Diego Gean Castro , Roberto José Carlos Alves , Pinto Junior José Roberto Lira
Published: November 2022

O presente trabalho visa demonstrar as novas práticas nos processos de recrutamento, seleção e capacitação de novos talentos em meio ao atual cenário caracterizado pelas transformações tecnológicas. Nesse contexto, indaga-se: quais são, de acordo com a literatura já publicada, as novas tendências de recrutamento e seleção? Desta forma, objetiva-se demonstrar as novas práticas utilizadas nos processos de recrutamento e seleção que podem promover a eficiência e eficácia na gestão dos recursos humanos. Para isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica. Como resultados, constata-se que a utilização de ferramentas tecnológicas junto às práticas de recrutamento e seleção dentro das organizações, promovem o contato de forma virtual pela internet, proporcionando um processo dinâmico, eficiente e que garante os resultados esperados.
A estratégia de comunicação através do marketing invisível na moderna sociedade tecnológica
Authors: Gomes Beatriz Gama , Sousa Suellen Castro de , Roberto José Carlos Alves , Pinto Junior José Roberto Lira
Published: November 2022

O marketing é essencial para as unidades de negócio que esperam alcançar o seu mercado-alvo. Trata-se de uma estratégia de comunicação que estabelece uma relação entre os consumidores e as empresas para o benefício de ambos. Assim sendo, a fim de abordar sobre uma de suas vertentes, este artigo se propôs a investigar: de que forma o marketing invisível pode contribuir para o alcance dos consumidores, enquanto uma estratégia de comunicação? Logo, definiu-se como objetivo geral apresentar o marketing invisível como meio para atrair a atenção dos consumidores de forma satisfatória. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica, de natureza qualitativa e caráter exploratório, de modo que se chegou à conclusão de que o marketing invisível contribui com a fase de divulgação dos produtos ou serviços de forma mais assertiva, servindo, ainda, de parâmetro para o ver a reação desses consumidores na hora da efetivação da compra.
A contabilidade de custo na formação do preço de venda
Authors: Costa Emynne dos Santos , Souza Janaina de Souza e , Santigo Luana Pires , Roberto José Carlos Alves , Cavalcante Zuila Paulino
Published: November 2022

Este estudo apresenta a contabilidade de custos e métodos, objetivando gerar suporte na identificação de custos, considerando as eventuais despesas, para a formação do preço de venda. Tal estratégia faz-se fundamental para a tomada de decisão na escolha das melhores estratégias de precificação, possibilitando, assim, o crescimento e maior lucratividade da entidade. Nesse contexto, tem-se como questão norteadora: como a contabilidade de custo pode auxiliar na formação do preço de venda? Tão logo, o objetivo geral firma-se em destacar os principais métodos de custeio, apresentando a contabilidade de custo na formulação de preço de venda. Metodologicamente, utilizou-se uma abordagem quantitativa para seleção e delimitação de estudos bibliográficos. Como resultados, a presente pesquisa destaca a importância do conhecimento da contabilidade de custo, para que haja uma tomada de decisão correta e eficaz, cuja finalidade é prestar auxílio às entidades, selecionando métodos lucrativos para a formulação do preço de seus produtos.
Book Review: Farah Karim-Cooper and Tiffany Stern, eds. Shakespeare’s Theatre and the Effects of Performance. London: Bloomsbury Arden Shakespeare, 2012. xix + 296 pp. $85. ISBN: 978-1-40814-692-7.
Authors: Malone Toby
Published: November 2022

"A new collection of essays on stage effects in the early modern theater, this is an important and at times indispensable work. Facsimile Renaissance playhouses including Shakespeare’s Globe and Virginia’s Blackfriars Playhouse have long approximated the experience of Elizabethan playgoing, but neither venue suggests true authenticity, a fact comprehensively emphasized in this new publication from Bloomsbury’s Arden imprint. Through a series of eleven essays from internationally renowned scholars, this collection explores the physical and material experience of performing in, writing for, and attending London’s early modern theaters. The collection is split into three distinct parts, with essays on the physical playhouse buildings (“The Fabric of Early Modern Theatres”), properties and movables (“Technologies of the Body”), and the role of human senses in playhouse contexts (“The Sensory Stage”)." - p728
An Evaluation of Potential Unintended Consequences of a Nicotine Product Standard: A Focus on Drinking History and Outcomes
Authors: Dermody Sarah , Tessier Katelyn M. , Meier Ellen , Al’Absi Mustafa , Denlinger-Apte Rachel L. , Drobes David J. , Jensen Joni , Koopmeiners Joseph S. , Pacek Lauren R. , Tidey Jennifer W. , Vandrey Ryan , Donny Eric C. , Hatsukami Dorothy
Published: November 2022

Background. A nicotine product standard reducing the nicotine content in cigarettes could improve public health by reducing smoking. This study evaluated the potential unintended consequences of a reduced-nicotine product standard by examining its effects on (1) smoking behaviors based on drinking history; (2) drinking behavior; and (3) daily associations between smoking and drinking. Methods. Adults who smoke daily (n=752) in the United States were randomly assigned to smoke very low nicotine content (VLNC) versus normal nicotine content (NNC; control) cigarettes for 20 weeks. Linear mixed models determined if baseline drinking moderated the effects of VLNC versus NNC cigarettes on Week 20 smoking outcomes. Time-varying effect models estimated the daily association between smoking VLNC cigarettes and drinking outcomes. Results. Higher baseline alcohol use (versus no-use or lower use) was associated with a smaller effect of VLNC on Week 20 urinary total nicotine equivalents (ps<.05). No additional moderation was supported (ps>.05). In the subsample who drank (n=415), in the VLNC versus NNC condition, daily alcohol use was significantly reduced from Week 17-20 and odds of binge drinking were significantly reduced from Week 9-17. By Week 7 in the VLNC cigarette condition (n=272), smoking no longer predicted alcohol use but remained associated with binge drinking. Conclusions. We did not support negative unintended consequences of a nicotine product standard. Nicotine reduction in cigarettes generally impacted smoking behavior for individuals who do not drink or drink light-to-moderate amounts in similar ways. Extended VLNC cigarette use may improve public health by reducing drinking behavior.
The Means of Managing the Logistics Component of the Economic Security of Enterprise
Authors:   Volodymyr Vynnychenko Central Ukrainian State Pedagogical University, Panchenko Volodymyr A.
Published: November 2022

The conceptual provisions and relevance of the issues of separation, along with the management of the logistics component of the economic security of enterprises are substantiated. It is shown that in a highly competitive environment, when in order to ensure the survival of enterprises, it is necessary to constantly promote products to the market, business success largely depends on the ability of the enterprise to effectively manage relations with suppliers in a system of simultaneous minimization of risks and threats to the logistics security of enterprises. In turn, the dependence of enterprises on suppliers of raw and other materials, subcontractors and partners requires the skills to quickly find reliable suppliers (able to meet the needs of production) and establish effective working relationships with them. A comparative characterization of the components of supplier management according to two directions has been developed: (1) long-term relationships; (2) strategic partnerships. The scheme of strategic management instruments in the context of managing the strategic partnership of an enterprise with suppliers in the system of strengthening the logistics component of its economic security is generalized. Four types of relationships with suppliers are allocated that an enterprise must adhere to in order to ensure the logistic component of its economic security in a strategic vertical type interaction (with suppliers and consumers). The economic risks within the logistics component of the enterprise in the supply system are summarized. It is stated that in the conditions of war and critical instability, logistics becomes one of the key components of ensuring the economic security of enterprises. Its formation requires the introduction at enterprises of a mechanism for guaranteeing the logistics component of security, aimed at forming its proper level in the course of financial-economic activities both in the current period and in the future. It is proved that the strengthening of the logistics security of enterprises will contribute to the achievement of a number of parameters of technical-technological development, namely the creation of new organizational and production structures, the use of leasing, active participation in promotional and communication activities, the introduction of the best practices and technologies of logistics.
The Conception of Competitive Electric Energy Market in Ukraine on a Postliberal Basis
Authors:   Research Centre of Industrial Problems of Development of NAS of Ukraine, Salashenko Tetiana I.
Published: November 2022

The formation of a competitive electric energy market is an international obligation of Ukraine and the national interest of its society. Currently, the European model of the electric energy market is being implemented in Ukraine, but in the EU the process of its revision is also underway to accelerate the «green» energy transition. The article expounds that the neoliberal economic paradigm that has dominated the world for the past 90 years needs to be revised to enhance interaction in the interests of society and the environment. The new economic paradigm is recognized as post-neoliberalism, which implies a strategic partnership between the State and business in the interests of society and the environment. The formation of a competitive electric energy market on a post-neoliberal basis is able to ensure the effectiveness of its functioning, prevent electric energy crises and promote sustainable adequate development. The theoretical basis for the formation of a competitive electric energy market should be the theory of the sectoral market, synergetics and the theory of economic mechanisms, the principles of which should constitute the basis of a competitive electric energy market. The electric energy market on a post-liberal basis is based on 3 functions: market effectiveness, electric energy safety, and adequacy of development – and also provides for the introduction of 2 direct economic mechanisms: the commodity market, the market of capacities (mechanisms of the market of ancillary services and throughput capacities are subsidiary to them). The article proposes a conceptual model of a competitive electric energy market on a post-neoliberal basis, highlighting the principles, tasks; defining the roles of participants; formulating a system of hypotheses and provisions for its implementation. The operating model for the introduction of a competitive electric energy market consists of four stages: its identification by key determinants, analysis of development tendencies, construction of an economic mechanism, selection of diagnostic tools.
New stage in evolution of drug treatment of pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Barbolina T. D. , Bagrova S. G.
Published: November 2022

For a long time, cytostatic therapy practically does not increase life expectancy than up to 18 months. The article describes the latest advances in the development of drug treatment of pleural mesothelioma and the results of the CheckMate‑743 trial, which are a turning point in the development of drug treatment for malignant unresectable pleural mesothelioma.
Minimal residual disease in B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Clinical significance on post-induction treatment
Authors: Shervashidze M. A. , Valiev T. T. , Palladina A. D. , Kirgizov K. I. , Tupitsyn N. N.
Published: November 2022

Minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) became an integral part of total evaluation of chemotherapy efficacy. No doubt, that it is necessary to evaluate MRD at remission induction and before allogenic stem cell transplantation, but MRD prognostic role at post-induction treatment is on-study.

Aim. To evaluate a prognostic significance of MRD at post-induction treatment in pediatric patients with ALL.

Materials and methods. From October 2010 to September 2022, there were 142 pediatric patients with primary diagnosed B-precursor ALL enrolled the study. All the patients were treated by ALL–IC BFM 2009 protocol.

Results. 6-year overall survival (OS) for patients with MRD-positive status at post-induction treatment (78th day of therapy) was 90.8 ± 4.0 %, with MRD-negative – 91,1 ± 3.9 % (р = 0,8). Relapse-free survival (RFS) for MRD-positive – 67.4 ± 11.6 %, MRD-negative – 88.9 ± 4.3 % (р = 0,03). Event-free survival for MRD-positive – 67.4 ± 11.6 %, MRD-negative – 87,5 ± 4.5 % (р = 0,06).

Conclusion. MRD level at induction remission treatment is an important risk-stratified factor in pediatric patients with ALL, but prognostic significance of MRD at post-induction therapy is under investigation. Presented our data showed increased relapse incidence on 21.5 % in patients with MRDpositive status at 78th day of therapy. OS was the same and not depended on post-induction MRD-level.
Analysis of resource base of medical organizations in Saint Petersburg for patients with malignant tumors in 2014–2019
Authors: Moiseenko V. E. , Ророv S. A. , Pavlovsky A. V. , Granov D. A. , Vishnyakov N. I. , Kochorova L. V. , Dodonova I. V. , Khizha V. V. , Yazenok A. V. , Yakovenko T. V.
Published: November 2022

In developed countries, there is a steady increase in the incidence of malignant neoplasms. The health care system of St. Petersburg is tasked with improving the rates of treatment of malignant neoplasms. The main tasks for achieving the goals are to increase the availability of personnel at different levels of the health care system, as well as the staffing of specialized medical institutions that provide care to patients with malignant neoplasms. The purpose of this study is to assess the resource base of medical organizations in St. Petersburg as part of the provision of specialized inpatient care for patients suffering from malignant neoplasms. The data of the resource base of the system for the provision of specialized oncological care in St. Petersburg were studied for the period from 2014 to 2019. The indicator of the staffing of oncologist posts in the inpatient link with individuals had a significant increase over the analyzed period, a decrease in the number of employees was also noted, and an increase in the number of oncological beds in St. Petersburg.
Re-characterization of Potential Zoonotic Trematode Parasite Parasitizing Intestine of Snakehead Fish, (Channa striata) Utilizing Multiple Sequence Alignment Tools (MSA)
Authors: Bhumika Chauhan , Monica Misra , Bindu Sharma
Published: November 2022

Metacercariae of Clinostomum Leidy, 1856 are frequently encountered in freshwater fish. The species configuration and taxonomic antiquity of the genus Clinostomum has been very unsteady and under discussion. Two species, i.e. Clinostomum complanatum Rudolphi, 1814 and Clinostomum marginatum Rudolphi, 1819, have been specifically troublesome and their taxonomic validation has been debated. 19 human incidences of Clinostomum complanatum have been reported to cause pharyngitis and lacramalitis from Japan, Thailand and Korea. Clinostomum marginatum is commonly known as yellow grub as it causes pinhead sized lumps in fishes that are white to yellow or black. In the present communication, we have made use of cytochrome oxidase c subunit 1 gene as DNA barcode for validating the taxonomy of C. complanatum and C. marginatum harboring phylogenetic studies and multiple sequence alignment tools. Currently, in India species of this group are distinguished mainly on the basis of morphological characters that underlie possible confusions. Therefore, we disinterred the species through molecular analysis. The current findings are salient to authenticate the phylogenetic place and relationship among two trematode spp. and bypass misidentification regarding their validation, as it is more necessary in that case when many species harbours the same host and are of zoonotic importance.
Melatonin Alleviates Constant Light Induced Oxidative Stress Damages of Kidney and Spleen of Female Rat
Authors: Seema Rai , Premlata Banjare , Renu Naik , Adyasha Purohit , Sunita Patel , Kshipra Xaxa , Gunja Roy
Published: November 2022

Photoperiod refers to the relative duration of light and dark that an animal experiences over the course of a 24 h period. Light is the principal stimulus that causes profound physiological and behavioural changes in all living organism. By manipulating photoperiod, melatonin production changes and its secretion drives enduring changes in many physiological systems of our body. Taking into consideration that light can affect pineal function and melatonin can be used as reactive oxygen species scavenger, act as a potent antioxidant and immunomodulator in mammals, the present experiment was designed and conducted to explore the consequences of constant light exposure on oxidative stress and antioxidant status on kidney and spleen of rat. 16 young adult female rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. The 4 rats of first group were employed as Control. These animals were kept under a 12 h light (600 lux, 60 days)/12 h dark cycle. The 8 rats of second group were maintained under constant light condition (600 lux, 60 days). After 60 days of constant light exposure second group of rats were randomly divided into two. One of these group of rats were designated as constant light exposed rats (LL) and another group of rats exposed to constant light is treated with melatonin (LL+MEL) for 21 days. The 4 rats of third group were only supplemented melatonin (MEL). The results showed that constant light exposure (60 days, 600 lux) resulted in an increased lipid peroxidation rate in kidney and spleen tissue and could effectively disturb the immune cells function through excessive generation of free radicals and decreased antioxidant enzymes activity (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) through physiological or functional pinealectomy. Exogenous melatonin administration (200 µg/100 g body weight/day) suppressed the constant light induced oxidative stress and increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes in kidney and spleen of rat. Hence, melatonin has a nephroprotective and immunoprotective effects following photoperiodic stress induced cellular damages in female rat model.
Studies on Natural and Experimental Nucleopolyhedrovirus Infection of the Silkworm, Bombyx mori (Race: PMCSR2(SL)) by PCR
Authors: Gnanavel Balasubramanian , Velu Vickram , Mohan Kannan , Durai Prabhu
Published: November 2022

The silkworm, Bombyx mori L. (Bombicidae: Lepidoptera), basically a nocturnal moth, is a native of China but has long been domesticated throughout the world. The life cycle of silkworms includes various stages, viz. eggs, larval instars, pupa within silky cocoons, and adult moths. Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV), one of the best characterized baculoviruses, is an important pathogen in silkworms. The viral diseases are difficult to manage due to the very short life cycle of silkworms. One of the most effective solutions is the timely detection of such infections so as to stop the spread of the viral disease. In the present study, we determined the specific nucleopolyhedrovirus ~738 base pair amplified from isolated viral DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique.
Studies on Ficus racemosa Fruit Extract: A Potent Antioxidant and Antibacterial Agent
Authors: D. Rajesh , R Saravanan , K Sonia
Published: November 2022

The antioxidant therapy has increased significantly in the treatment of such diseases associated with free radicals. In order to address metabolic disorders, the therapeutic properties of plants have been investigated and explored for their potent antioxidant activity. This research highlights the phytochemical composition, antioxidant potential and antimicrobial activity of Ficus racemosa fruit extract (methanol), which is extensively used in the preparation of traditional medications to treat various metabolic diseases. Phytochemical analysis revealed alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids, tannins and phenols that contributed for higher antioxidant and antibacterial activity. The methanolic extract showed a total phenolic and flavonoids content at 69 µg GAE/mg and 80 µg mg QE/g, respectively. Moreover, the antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH scavenging assay, ABTS assay and Ion chelating activity. In all the methods, the methanolic extract of fruit showed significant antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner and IC50 value was 73.7 μg/ml for DPPH, 72.75 μg/ml for ion chelating and 59.3 μg/ml for ABTS assay. The antibacterial activity was evaluated against five pathogenic bacteria. Antibacterial study revealed that fruit extract exhibited good inhibition activity against pathogenic isolates. Study of well diffusion assay of Ficus racemosa fruit extract revealed that 100 μg/ml concentration has significant control over pathogens. Highest inhibition was obtained for Streptococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. with a zone of inhibition of 21 ± 0.34 and 18 ± 0.15 mm, respectively at 100 μg/ml. Based on all these results we conclude that the methanolic extract of F. racemosa acts as a potent antioxidant and an antibacterial agent. From this we can suggest the plant as a natural source of antioxidants and phytochemicals with potent antimicrobial properties, hence, it can be used for therapeutic purpose.
Matricellular proteins in cutaneous wound healing
Authors: Cárdenas-León Claudia Griselda , Mäemets-Allas Kristina , Klaas Mariliis , Lagus Heli , Kankuri Esko , Jaks Viljar
Published: November 2022

Cutaneous wound healing is a complex process that encompasses alterations in all aspects of the skin including the extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM consist of large structural proteins such as collagens and elastin as well as smaller proteins with mainly regulative properties called matricellular proteins. Matricellular proteins bind to structural proteins and their functions include but are not limited to interaction with cell surface receptors, cytokines, or protease and evoking a cellular response. The signaling initiated by matricellular proteins modulates differentiation and proliferation of cells having an impact on the tissue regeneration. In this review we give an overview of the matricellular proteins that have been found to be involved in cutaneous wound healing and summarize the information known to date about their functions in this process.
The self-annealing phenomenon of electrodeposited nano-twin copper with high defect density
Authors: Han Haneul , Lee Chaerin , Kim Youjung , Lee Jinhyun , Yoon Sanghwa , Yoo Bongyoung
Published: November 2022

Electroplated copper was prepared under typical conditions and a high defect density to study the effect of the defects on its self-annealing phenomenon. Two conditions, grain growth and stress relaxation during self-annealing, were analyzed with electron backscattered diffraction and a high-resolution X-ray diffractometer. Abnormal grain growth was observed in both conditions; however, the grown crystal orientation differed. The direction and relative rate at which abnormal grain growth proceeds were specified through textured orientation, and the self-annealing mechanism was studied by observing the residual stress changes over time in the films using the sin2Ψ method.
Synthetic approaches to metal-coordination-directed macrocyclic complexes
Authors: Fang Qingqing , Xu Yan , Yan Xiaosheng , Jiang Tao , Jiang Yunbao
Published: November 2022

Metal-coordination-directed macrocyclic complexes, in which macrocyclic architectures are formed by metal-ligand coordination interactions, have emerged as attractive supramolecular scaffolds for the creation of materials for applications in biosensing and therapeutics. Despite recent progress, uncontrolled multicyclic cages and linear oligomers/polymers is the most likely outcome from metal-ligands assembly, representing a challenge to current synthetic methods. Herein we outlined the state-of-art synthetic approaches to the metal-coordination-directed macrocyclic complexes by using foldable ligands or through assembly of amphiphilic ligands. This mini-review offers a guideline for the efficient preparation of metal-coordination-directed macrocyclic complexes with predictable and controllable structures, which may find applications in many biology-related areas.
The detection of mixed tuberculosis infections using culture filtrate and resuscitation promoting factor deficient filtrate
Authors: Chengalroyen Melissa D. , Beukes Germar M. , Otwombe Kennedy , Gordhan Bhavna G. , Martinson Neil , Kana Bavesh
Published: November 2022

Tuberculosis (TB) infected individuals harbor a heterogenous population of differentially culturable tubercle bacilli (DCTB). Herein, we describe how DCTB assays using culture filtrate either containing or deficient in resuscitation promoting factors can uncover mixed infections. We demonstrate that Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strain genotypes can be separated in DCTB assays based on their selective requirement for growth stimulatory factors. Beijing mixed infections appear to be associated with a higher bacterial load and reduced reliance on growth stimulatory factors. These data have important implications for identifying mixed infections and hetero-resistance, which in turn can affect selection of treatment regimen and establishment of transmission links.
Prevention and treatment of human papillomavirus in men benefits both men and women
Authors: Zou Kangni , Huang Yue , Li Zhengyu
Published: November 2022

Men should not be overlooked in research on human papillomavirus (HPV) and its associated genital diseases. This is because men infected with HPV are not only at higher risk of genital cancers, but also increase their partners’ risk of HPV infection and reinfection through sexual contact. Herein, we summarized the state of knowledge regarding the prevention and treatment of HPV infection in men as well as the possible effects of the prevention and treatment of HPV in men on their female partners. Condom use, smoking cessation, male circumcision, and HPV vaccination for men each play an important role in preventing HPV infection within heterosexual couples. Additionally, men could choose to test for certain types of HPV, such as the oncogenic HPV16 or HPV18 strains, as part of a routine screening program when their partner is positive for HPV. Although there is no recognized treatment for HPV infection as of yet, immunotherapy drugs, such as toll-like receptor agonists, therapeutic HPV vaccines, and immune checkpoint inhibitors, have shown promising results in clinical trials and in actual clinical practice. HPV infection in men also increases the risk of cervical cancer in their female partners. Because of the high partner concordance for HPV demonstrated in prior research, the prevention and treatment of HPV in men should be explored more comprehensively in future research.
Association between migraine and cardiovascular disease: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Wang Kai , Mao Yukang , Lu Miao , Ding Yinzhang , Li Zhongming , Li Yansong , Liu Xianling , Sun Yan , Hong Jian , Xu Di , Wu Tingting
Published: November 2022

Background

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) poses a tremendous threat to global health, giving rise to exceedingly high morbidity and mortality among patients. A migraine is a common neurological disorder characterized by recurrent attacks of severe headache, while its cardiovascular burden remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether migraine is associated with CVD.

Methods

The cross-sectional data of 5,692 subjects aged 20 or above was obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2004. To determine whether migraine is associated with CVD, weighted logistic regression models were used. In a subsequent subgroup analysis, several confounding factors were also explored to investigate the association between migraine and CVD.

Results

In total, 5,692 subjects were enrolled in this study, with the prevalence of CVD being 13.3%. Participants with CVD tended to be older, male, non-Hispanic whites, more educated, former smokers, and alcohol drinkers, and had a higher waist circumference, less physical activity, a higher level of triglyceride and creatinine as well as a lower level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (all P < 0.05). Considering all potential confounders, migraine was associated with a higher risk of CVD [odds ratios (ORs) 2.77; 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 1.56–4.90]. Subgroup analysis showed a higher risk of CVD in females, those older than 60 years, with a lower body mass index (BMI) level (≤ 30 kg/m2), a higher level of eGFR (> 90 mL/min/1.73 m2), hypertension and hyperlipidemia and without diabetes.

Conclusion

In summary, our study revealed a positive association between migraine with CVD in a nationally representative US adult population. Our findings highlighted that migraine should be considered an important risk factor for CVD.
Temperature-controlled ablation of the mitral isthmus line using the novel DiamondTemp ablation system
Authors: Rottner Laura , My Ilaria , Schleberger Ruben , Moser Fabian , Moser Julia , Kirchhof Paulus , Ouyang Feifan , Rillig Andreas , Metzner Andreas , Reissmann Bruno
Published: November 2022

Background

The novel DiamondTemp™ (DT)-catheter (Medtronic®) was designed for high-power, short-duration ablation in a temperature-controlled mode.

Aim

To evaluate the performance of the DT-catheter for ablation of the mitral isthmus line (MIL) using two different energy dosing strategies.

Materials and methods

Twenty patients with recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and/or atrial tachycardia (AT) following pulmonary vein (PV) isolation were included. All patients underwent reisolation of PVs in case of electrical reconnection and ablation of a MIL using the DT-catheter. Application durations of 10 (group A, n = 10) or 20 s (group B, n = 10) were applied. If bidirectional block was not reached with endocardial ablation, additional ablation from within the coronary sinus (CS) was conducted.

Results

In 19/20 (95%) patients, DT ablation of the MIL resulted in bidirectional block. Mean procedure and fluoroscopy time, and dose area product did not differ significantly between the two groups. In group B, fewer radiofrequency applications were needed to achieve bidirectional block of the MIL when compared to group A (26 ± 12 vs. 42 ± 17, p = 0.04). Ablation from within the CS was performed in 8/10 patients (80%) of group A and in 5/10 (50%) patients of group B (p = 0.34). No major complication occurred.

Conclusion

Mitral isthmus line ablation with use of the DT-catheter is highly effective and safe. Longer radiofrequency-applications appear to be favorable without compromising safety.
Key questions about aortic insufficiency in patients with durable left ventricular assist devices
Authors: Calin Eliza , Ducharme Anique , Carrier Michel , Lamarche Yoan , Ben Ali Walid , Noly Pierre-Emmanuel
Published: November 2022

The development of the latest generation of durable left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) drastically decreased adverse events such as pump thrombosis or disabling strokes. However, time-related complications such as aortic insufficiency (AI) continue to impair outcomes following durable LVAD implantation, especially in the context of long-term therapy. Up to one-quarter of patients with durable LVAD develop moderate or severe AI at 1 year and its incidence increases with the duration of support. The continuous regurgitant flow within the left ventricle can compromise left ventricular unloading, increase filling pressures, decrease forward flow and can thus lead to organ hypoperfusion and heart failure. This review aims to give an overview of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical consequences of AI in patients with durable LVAD.
Endocytosis of insulin at the blood-brain barrier
Authors: Pemberton Sarah , Galindo Demi C. , Schwartz Michael W. , Banks William A. , Rhea Elizabeth M.
Published: November 2022

For insulin to act within the brain, it is primarily transported from the blood across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, the endocytic machinery necessary for delivering insulin to the brain remains unknown. Additionally, there are processes within the brain endothelial cell that are designed to respond to insulin binding and elicit intracellular signaling. Using pharmacological inhibitors of different types of endocytosis (clathrin-vs. caveolin-mediated), we investigated molecular mediators of both insulin BBB binding in isolated mouse brain microvessels and BBB insulin transport in mice studied by brain perfusion. We found clathrin-mediated mechanisms responsible for insulin surface binding in isolated brain microvessels while caveolin-mediated endocytosis may mediate BBB insulin transport specifically in the hypothalamus. These results further define the molecular machinery necessary for transporting insulin into the CNS and highlight the distinction between insulin internalization for transendothelial transport vs. intracellular signaling.
Scalable deep learning for watershed model calibration
Authors: Mudunuru Maruti K. , Son Kyongho , Jiang Peishi , Hammond Glenn , Chen Xingyuan
Published: November 2022

Watershed models such as the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) consist of high-dimensional physical and empirical parameters. These parameters often need to be estimated/calibrated through inverse modeling to produce reliable predictions on hydrological fluxes and states. Existing parameter estimation methods can be time consuming, inefficient, and computationally expensive for high-dimensional problems. In this paper, we present an accurate and robust method to calibrate the SWAT model (i.e., 20 parameters) using scalable deep learning (DL). We developed inverse models based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) to assimilate observed streamflow data and estimate the SWAT model parameters. Scalable hyperparameter tuning is performed using high-performance computing resources to identify the top 50 optimal neural network architectures. We used ensemble SWAT simulations to train, validate, and test the CNN models. We estimated the parameters of the SWAT model using observed streamflow data and assessed the impact of measurement errors on SWAT model calibration. We tested and validated the proposed scalable DL methodology on the American River Watershed, located in the Pacific Northwest-based Yakima River basin. Our results show that the CNN-based calibration is better than two popular parameter estimation methods (i.e., the generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation [GLUE] and the dynamically dimensioned search [DDS], which is a global optimization algorithm). For the set of parameters that are sensitive to the observations, our proposed method yields narrower ranges than the GLUE method but broader ranges than values produced using the DDS method within the sampling range even under high relative observational errors. The SWAT model calibration performance using the CNNs, GLUE, and DDS methods are compared using R2 and a set of efficiency metrics, including Nash-Sutcliffe, logarithmic Nash-Sutcliffe, Kling-Gupta, modified Kling-Gupta, and non-parametric Kling-Gupta scores, computed on the observed and simulated watershed responses. The best CNN-based calibrated set has scores of 0.71, 0.75, 0.85, 0.85, 0.86, and 0.91. The best DDS-based calibrated set has scores of 0.62, 0.69, 0.8, 0.77, 0.79, and 0.82. The best GLUE-based calibrated set has scores of 0.56, 0.58, 0.71, 0.7, 0.71, and 0.8. The scores above show that the CNN-based calibration leads to more accurate low and high streamflow predictions than the GLUE and DDS sets. Our research demonstrates that the proposed method has high potential to improve our current practice in calibrating large-scale integrated hydrologic models.
A web-based predictive model for overall survival of patients with cutaneous Merkel cell carcinoma: A population-based study
Authors: Xu Wen , Le Yijun , Zhang Jianzhong
Published: November 2022

Background

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma with a high mortality rate, so it is necessary to create models to predict overall survival of MCC. We developed an easy-to-use web-based calculator to predict the OS of MCC patients based on the nomogram.

Methods

MCC patients between 2004 and 2015 were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and randomly assigned to training and validation cohorts. Patients between 2016-2017 serve as the external validation cohort. Relevant risk factors were identified by univariate and multivariate COX hazards regression methods and combined to produce nomograms. The concordance index (C-index), area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve, and calibration plots have demonstrated the predictive power of the nomograms. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to measure nomograms in clinical practice. Patients were divided into three groups according to the scores of the nomogram.

Results

A total of 3480 patients were randomly assigned to the training group and validation group in this study. Meaningful prognostic factors were applied to the establishment of nomograms. The C-index for OS was 0.725 (95% CI: 0.706-0.741) in the training cohort and 0.710 (95% CI: 0.683-0.737) in the validation cohort. In the external validation cohort, C-index was 0.763 (95% CI: 0.734–0.792). The C-index of training cohort, validation cohort and external validation cohort for CSS were 0.743 (95% CI:0.725-0.761), 0.739(95%CI:0.712-0.766) and 0.774 (95%CI:0.735-0.813), respectively. The AUC and calibration plots of 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates showed that the nomogram had good predictive power. DCA demonstrated that the nomogram constructed in this study could provide a clinical net benefit. Our calculator demonstrated excellent predictive capabilities for better risk grouping of MCC patients.

Conclusion

We created novel nomograms of prognostic factors for MCC, which more accurately and comprehensively predicted 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS/CSS in MCC patients. We established a calculator which can easily and quickly calculate the risk grouping of MCC patients by inputting clinically relevant characteristics. This can help clinicians identify high-risk patients as early as possible, carry out personalized treatment, follow-up, and monitoring, and improve the survival rate of MCC patients.
Enhancing biomass utilization by combined pulp and fuel production
Authors: Granacher Julia , Nguyen Tuong-Van , Castro-Amoedo Rafael , McDonald Erina Clare , Maréchal François
Published: November 2022

A shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources is essential to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions and climate change effects. Biofuels represent a promising low-carbon alternative for sectors that are hard to electrify, such as freight transport or aviation. This work investigates possible pathways for increasing the value of biomass at a Kraft pulp mill, focusing on black liquor and bark streams. Mathematical programming is coupled with superstructure optimization and systematic solution exploration to identify meaningful process configurations. The analysis of solutions under market variations allows for the identification of robust and competitive configurations for the co-production of pulp and fossil fuel alternatives. The results show that the integration of biorefineries in pulp mills results in better resource use and higher energy efficiency - diversifying the product portfolio and providing bio-based fuel products to the market while being economically viable. By incorporating fuel production in the conventional Kraft process, the carbon conversion efficiency of the mill can be increased from 48% to up to 67%. Extending the analysis, up to 2% of the European road freight transportation fuel could be provided with combined pulp and fuel production, and 5% of the worldwide fuel demand for passenger aviation.
High-resolution synthetic population mapping for quantifying disparities in disaster impacts: An application in the Bangladesh Coastal Zone
Authors: Rubinyi Steven , Verschuur Jasper , Goldblatt Ran , Gussenbauer Johannes , Kowarik Alexander , Mannix Jenny , Bottoms Brad , Hall Jim
Published: November 2022

The impacts of natural disasters are often disproportionally borne by poor or otherwise marginalized groups. However, while disaster risk modelling studies have made progress in quantifying the exposure of populations, limited advances have been made in determining the socioeconomic characteristics of these exposed populations. Here, we generate synthetic structural and socioeconomic microdata for around 9.5 million persons for six districts in Bangladesh as vector points using a combination of spatial microsimulation techniques and dasymetric modelling. We overlay the dataset with satellite-derived flood extents of Cyclone Fani, affecting the region in 2019, quantifying the number of exposed households, their socioeconomic characteristics, and the exposure bias of certain household variables. We demonstrate how combining various modelling techniques could provide novel insights into the exposure of poor and vulnerable groups, which could help inform the emergency response after extreme events as well targeting adaptation options to those most in need of them.