bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The hearing hippocampus
Authors: Billig Alexander James , Lad Meher , Sedley William , Griffiths Timothy D.
Published: March 2022

The hippocampus has a well-established role in spatial and episodic memory but a broader function has been proposed including aspects of perception and relational processing. Neural bases of sound analysis have been described in the pathway to auditory cortex, but wider networks supporting auditory cognition are still being established. We review what is known about the role of the hippocampus in processing auditory information, and how the hippocampus itself is shaped by sound. In examining imaging, recording, and lesion studies in species from rodents to humans, we uncover a hierarchy of hippocampal responses to sound including during passive exposure, active listening, and the learning of associations between sounds and other stimuli. We describe how the hippocampus' connectivity and computational architecture allow it to track and manipulate auditory information – whether in the form of speech, music, or environmental, emotional, or phantom sounds. Functional and structural correlates of auditory experience are also identified. The extent of auditory-hippocampal interactions is consistent with the view that the hippocampus makes broad contributions to perception and cognition, beyond spatial and episodic memory. More deeply understanding these interactions may unlock applications including entraining hippocampal rhythms to support cognition, and intervening in links between hearing loss and dementia.
The Body in Spaces: Multimodal Tactile influences in the Experience of Architecture
Authors: Srivastava Siddharth , Lazar Leslee
Published: March 2022

Overemphasizing the primacy of visual perception has led to objectivity in the way our cities are now designed. The prevalent ideas of city and habitat design revolve around the principles of visual “order”. In most cases, city planners divide the cities between zones such as residential, commercial, educational, industrial, etc which gives a municipal advantage in terms of managing the city. This assumes a constancy in the affective qualities among the different visual orders. This oculocentric bias has persisted through the last few decades of architectural discourses, in practice and pedagogy leading to great difficulties when confronted with the challenges of articulating immersive and subjective spatial experiences. This bias towards vision has reduced the discourse on spaces as multi-sensorial entities especially when we experience our surroundings in an embodied and multisensory manner. It is important to realize that our bodies, through which this perception is grounded, are shaped by the city/neighborhood/community through its rituals, habits, faiths, and other forms of collective consciousness. Therefore, the physiological uniqueness finds an underlying homogeneity in the way human bodies are culturally rendered. It can therefore be said that the body stands as the common framework through which society and the city are connected.With that premise, we try to understand how the idea of multimodal perception with our bodies with encultured perceiving entities act as an important background to decipher how society and the bodies are products and producers of each other. We place these ideas to embolden Juhani Pallasmaa’s theory of hapticity along with evidence from ‘multimodal’ theories of brain function from neuroscience.
Testing beat perception without sensory cues to the beat: the Beat-Drop Alignment Test (BDAT)
Authors: Cinelyte Urte , Cannon Jonathan , Patel Aniruddh D. , Müllensiefen Daniel
Published: March 2022

Beat perception can serve as a window into internal time-keeping mechanisms, auditory-motor interactions, and aspects of cognition. A popular test of beat perception, the Beat Alignment Test (BAT), asks listeners to judge if metronomic probe sounds are on the beat of music or not. In theory, this judgment could be made based on an ongoing internal pulse or by comparing probe timing to local acoustic events like a bass drum. The current study proposes a new beat perception test that rules out the second possibility: The Beat-Drop Alignment Test (BDAT). In this test, participants must identify the beat in musical excerpts and then judge whether a single probe falls on or off the beat. The probe occurs during a short break in the rhythmic components of the music when no rhythmic events are present, forcing participants to judge beat alignment in the absence of local acoustic timing cues. Here we present two large (N>100) tests of the BDAT. In the first, we explore the effect of test item parameters (e.g., probe displacement) on performance. In the second, we correlate scores on an adaptive version of the BDAT with computerized adaptive BAT (CA-BAT) scores and indices of musical experience. Musical experience indices outperform CA-BAT score as a predictor of BDAT score, suggesting that the BDAT measures a distinct aspect of beat perception that is more experience-dependent. The BDAT may prove useful in future behavioral and neural research on beat perception, and all stimuli and code are freely available for download.
Weaker than you might imagine: Determining imageability effects on word recognition
Authors: Dymarska Agata , Connell Louise , Banks Briony
Published: March 2022

Imageability – the ease of generating a mental image for a word – has been commonly used as a predictor of word recognition but its effects are highly variable across the literature, raising questions about the robustness and stability of the construct. We compared six existing imageability norms in their ability to predict RT and accuracy in lexical decision and word naming across thousands of words. Results showed that, when lexical and sensorimotor sources of variance were partialled out, imageability predicted little unique variance in word recognition performance and effect sizes varied greatly between norms. Further analysis suggested that such heterogenous effect sizes are likely due to inconsistent strategies in how participants interpret and rate imageability in norming studies despite consistent instruction. Our findings suggest that the ease of generating a mental image for a word does not reliably facilitate word recognition and that imageability ratings should be used with caution in such research.
Measuring pro-environmental orientation: testing and building scales
Authors: Sparks Aaron , Ehret Phillip John , Brick Cameron
Published: March 2022

A pro-environmental orientation is theorized to be an important predictor of public and private pro-environmental behavior. As such, measuring pro-environmental orientation is an important component in environmental psychology and politics research. In this paper, we assess two well-established scales, the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) and the Connectedness to Nature Scale (CNS), on how well they measure the underlying construct of pro-environmental orientation. The items of these scales offer strong face validity, but mainly from a politically left tradition, which may reduce validity among political conservatives. Previous attempts at scale validation have mostly focused on predictive validity with pro-environmental behavior and have not tested how the items measure the latent construct itself. Additionally, we present a novel measure of environmental orientation using diverse moral language to avoid ideological framing: the Moral Environmentalism Scale (MES). The MES is validated here using MTurk workers (n=448), and a more representative sample from Survey Sampling International (n=499). In these validation studies, the MES moderated the relationship between party identification and behavior while CNS and NEP did not. Item-level analyses of the MES scale using two measurement periods revealed robust item characteristics. Seen together, all three scales offer a more complete picture of pro-environmental orientation measurement validity and inform scale selection for future research.
Means to valuable exploration - II. How to explore data to modify existing claims and create new ones (revised)
Authors: Höfler Michael , Scherbaum Stefan , Kanske Philipp , McDonald Brennan , Miller Robert
Published: March 2022

Transparent exploration in science invites novel discoveries by stimulating new or modified claims about hypotheses, models, and theories. In this second article of two consecutive parts, we outline how to explore data patterns that inform such claims. Transparent exploration should be guided by two contrasting goals: comprehensiveness and efficiency. Comprehensiveness calls for a thorough search across all variables and possible analyses as to not to miss anything that might be hidden in the data. Efficiency adds that new and modified claims should withstand severe testing with new data and give rise to relevant new knowledge. Efficiency aims to reduce false positive claims, which is better achieved if a bunch of results is reduced into a few claims. Means for increasing efficiency are methods for filtering local data patterns (e.g. only interpreting associations that pass statistical tests or using cross-validation) and for smoothing global data patterns (e.g. reducing associations to relations between a few latent variables). We suggest that researchers should condense their results with filtering and smoothing before publication. Coming up with just a few most promising claims saves resources for confirmation trials and keeps scientific communication lean. This should foster the acceptance of transparent exploration. We end with recommendations derived from the considerations in both parts: an exploratory research agenda and suggestions for stakeholders such as journal editors on how to implement more valuable exploration. These include special journal sections or entire journals dedicated to explorative research and a mandatory separate listing of the confirmed and new claims in a paper’s abstract.
“You did a great job building that!” Links between parent-child prosocial talk and spatial language
Authors: Hall LaTreese VeNaye , Rengel-Isea Melanie , Bowley Hannah , Alvarez-Vargas Daniela , Abad Carla , Overton Dyamond , Pruden Shannon M.
Published: March 2022

We investigated the extent to which variability in parent and child prosocial talk and negative talk relates to the quantity and diversity of their spatial language production. Participants included 51 four- to seven-year-old children and their parents. Most of the dyads included mothers and were Hispanic and bilingual. Dyads constructed a Lego house for 10 minutes. Sessions were transcribed and coded for instances of parent prosocial talk (praises, reflective statements, and behavior descriptions), child prosocial talk (all positive contributions to the interaction), and parent and child negative talk (criticisms and disapprovals) using the Dyadic Parent-Child Interaction Coding System. Transcripts were also coded for quantity and diversity of spatial language including shape terms (e.g., square), dimensional adjectives (e.g., little), orientations (e.g., turn), patterns (e.g., pattern), deictics (e.g., there), locations (e.g., middle), spatial features/properties (e.g., edge), and continuous amounts (e.g., space). Parent prosocial talk, but not negative talk, was significantly associated with the quantity and diversity of parent spatial language production and child prosocial talk, but not negative talk, was significantly associated with the quantity of child spatial language. Exploratory analyses also revealed significant associations between parent and child ‘what’ spatial types and tokens. Findings suggest that variability in parent-child prosocial and spatial talk during collaborative spatial play relates to aspects of their own, and each other’s spatial language production.
End of consensus? Ideology, partisan identity and affective polarization in Finland 2003–2019
Authors: Kawecki Daniel
Published: March 2022

Finland is traditionally associated with a consensus-like political culture, low partisan hostility and consistent levels of ideological polarization. Despite this, concerns about political polarization are widespread. A possible explanation is that affective polarization, a phenomenon characterized by increasing emotional distances between political groups, is increasing. This paper examines trends and individual level predictors of affective polarization in the Finnish electorate between 2003 and 2019, using survey data from five national election studies. Additionally, it contributes to the theoretical understanding of affective polarization in multiparty settings by introducing a measure based on the absence of neutrality towards parties. The results show a general increase in affective polarization over the period and identifies ideological extremity as the main predictor of the phenomenon. While the impact of ideological positions on the left–right scale didn’t change according to any discernible pattern over time, positions on the GAL–TAN scale begun driving affective polarization in 2011. The importance of sociocultural issues has since increased and having a strong TAN position became the strongest predictor of affective polarization in 2019. Feeling close to a party had a more consistent effect on affective polarization, albeit not as large as ideological extremity. Increasing affective polarization might undermine the prevailing consensus culture in Finnish politics. However, it might also have positive effects as a corrective to voter apathy, leading to increased participation. This makes Finland an interesting case for further studies of the causes and effects of affective polarization.
From New Town to 'Ghost Town': Lessons from the Cases in Yangtze River Delta
Authors: Li Meiqing
Published: March 2022

As the claim of many ‘ghost towns’ emerged in China since 2000s, it has aroused increasing social-economic concerns as well as governmental policy responses to ‘destock’ and refrain from the development of new towns and new districts at local level. This dissertation contains an exploratory study that aims to clarify the concept of ghost town by making typological generalization from historical cases. It then specifies the scope of China’s emerging ‘ghost towns’ as those originated from unsuccessful new town development projects featured by highly vacant properties. With a focus on cities in Yangtze River Delta region, it examines the general context of YRD in terms of population growth, urban and economic development. Illustrated by the empirical analysis of two representative cases of Wujin District in Changzhou and Tianducheng in Hangzhou, it argues that inappropriate development strategies as well as underlying institutional arrangement towards neoliberal capitalism fosters such ‘ghost town’ phenomenon. While the situation can possibly be rectified, lessons and implications are twofold: under decentralization, new town development strategy should be differentiated based on city positioning; and under privatization, mega city development is not going to work successfully by solely relying on the private sector.
Game Workers Unite Ireland 2021: Pay Transparency Report
Authors: Moody Joshua
Published: March 2022

This report summarises the findings of a game worker pay transparency survey in the games sector in Ireland. The survey was designed and administered by Game Workers Unite Ireland in affiliation with the Financial Services Union. The findings of this survey provide some initial insight into pay in the games sector based on occupational role, company size, work experience and gender among other indicators. The report is intended to be used as a resource for game workers and it accompanies the launch of a private GWUI pay transparency database which members can collectively build and use as a resource in the mapping of pay related work conditions across the sector.
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DESA PESISIR (PENDEKATAN, TEORI DAN KONSEP)
Authors: Didi La
Published: March 2022

Buku ini membahas tentang: Pertama pemberdayaan masyarakat desa pesisir melalui program manajemen rehabilitasi terumbu karang perspektif governance di Desa Bahari Kecamatan Sampolawa Kabupaten Buton Selatan, Kedua; peran stakeholder dalam program pemberdayaan masyarakat desa pesisir perspektif governance. Ketiga; dampak pemberdayaan terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat desa pesisir melalui program Coral Reff Rehabilitation and management program (COREMAP). Keempat; keberlanjutan program pemberdayaan masyarakat pesisir melalui program COREMAP.
Correlation between Cytology and Histology of Solitary Thyroid Nodule: Our Institutional Experience
Authors: Thakur R. , Thakur S.K.
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Thyroid swelling is one of the most common disease presenting to otorhinolaryngology out patient. Fine needle aspiration cytology is key point in planning the surgical management. The discrepancy between cytology and histology reported in wide range depending upon centres. We planned to conduct this study with aim of knowing the sensitivity of cytology which can guide the need of surgical or observational treatment.

Methods: Our study is prospective enrolling the patients with thyroid swelling who underwent surgical treatment between 1st October 2020 to 11th November 2021. Clinical, cytological and histological parameters were recorded. Accounting histology as gold standard, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of fine needle cytology were calculated. The correlation was evaluated by chi square test. The p value of ≤0.05 was considered significant.

Results: The most common age group reporting was 20-40 years accounting for 68.6% of cases with the female predominance (92.2%). The accuracy of fine needle cytology in detecting non neoplastic, neoplastic benign and neoplastic malignant lesion were 96.0%, 96.0% and 100.0 % respectively.

Conclusions: Fine needle cytology is good tool for deciding surgical management for thyroid nodule and recommended for all cases.
MODEL PROTOTYPE SEBAGAI METODE PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT LUNAK PADA SISTEM INFORMASI PENGADUAN UMUM (STUDI KASUS : DINAS PERHUBUNGAN PROVINSI KALIMANTAN BARAT)
Authors: Meilinda Eva , Sabaruddin Raja , Fitriani Dewi
Published: March 2022

Dinas Perhubung Kalimantan Barat adalah sebuah otonomi daerah yang terletak di jalan Adi sucipto No. 8a, Sungai Raya,  Kabupaten Kubu Raya, dipimpin oleh Drs. Manto, M.S.I sebagai direktur utama. Memiliki 1 sekretaris, 15 kasi, 2 Ka. TU. UPTD dan 153 karyawan. Saat ini dinas perhubungan memiliki 4 golongan karyawan dengan jumlah karyawan sebanyak 112. Berdasarkan dari hasil observasi, permasalahan yang terjadi di Dinas Perhubungan yaitu, sulitnya dalam melakukan pengaduan perbaikan jalan, perbaikan lampu lalu lintas dan taman kota, masyarakat harus datang langsung ke Dinas Perhubungan dan membuang waktu lama untuk menunggu tanggapan dari pihak kantor, hal ini tentunya dapat membuat pihak masyarakat akan merasa sangat sulit dan terlalu lama untuk menunggu perbaikan jalan. Dengan merancang Rancangan aplikasi Pengaduan umum berbasis website pada Dinas Perhubung Kalimantan Barat. Untuk pengggunaan metode pengembangan perangkat lunak penulis memanfaatkan model prototype. Rancangan ini diharapkan dapat memudahkan masyarakat dalam melakukan pengaduan dan pengajuan perbaikan jalan tanpa harus datang langsung ke dinas perhubungan dan rancangan sistem ini diharapkan meningkatkan kinerja dinas perhubungan dalam melakukan pelayanan untuk masyarakat.
SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMAN DATA SISWA PADA YAYASAN SUARA ALAM KABUPATEN KUBU RAYA BERBASIS WEBSITE
Authors: Jayanti Wanty Eka , Firmansyah Yoki
Published: March 2022

Seiring dengan pesatnya perkembangan internet,sebagai salah satu media informasi tentunya dapat memberikan kemudahan dalam mengakses informasi bagi suatu institusi pendidikan. Sebelum adanya internet, proses informasi yang diberikan ini tidak dapat berjalan dengan baik, efektif dan efisien. Dengan adanya sistem informasi monitoring berbasis website pada Yayasan Suara Alam Kabupaten Kubu Raya, dapat memberi kemudahan bagi orang tua siswa untuk pemaantauan akademik siswa disekolah yang meliputi absensi dan nilai akademik siswa sehingga informasi yang diberikan sekolah dapat diterima dengan baik bagi siswa orang tua. Sistem ini dirancang dengan metode Systems Development Life Cycle(SDLC) dengan model proses waterfall. Rancangan sistem menggunakan aplikasi Balsmiq Mockups sebagai media desain tampilan user interface, Apache sebagai server, serta Mysql sebagai media untuk menampung dan mengelolah data. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini, yaitu merancangan sistem informasi monitoring siswa sebagai media untuk memantau perkembangan anak secara real time yang dapat diakses kapan dan dimana saja.Berdasarkan hasil dari pengelolahan data yang dilakukan selama proses pengumpulan data maka dihasilkan perancangan sistem informasi monitoring siswa dengan harapan kedepannya sistem ini mampu melakukan kontrol secara penuh dalam proses monitoring akademik siswa.
Manajemen Teknomedia PAUD era Pandemi Covid 19
Authors: Elyana Luluk , Fitriati Radiana
Published: March 2022

Era pandemi covid 19  mengharuskan semua lembaga pendidikan melaksanakan Strategi – strategi pembelajaran khususnya Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini memerlukan spesifikasi khusus pada proses pembelajaran. Stimulasi penting anak pada lingkungannya salah satunya melalui penggunaan teknomedia sebagai media pembelajaran daring atau online. Teknomedia merupakan media pembelajaran berkonsep teknologi informasi. Teknologi  Informasi dan Komunikasi salah satu komponen yang tidak bisa dipisahkan dari aktivitas pendidikan dan pengajaran. Dalam situasi Pandemi Covid-19 sangat berdampak ke segala aspek tidak terlepas kepada aspek proses belajar mengajar, sehingga memaksa peserta didik untuk mengikuti proses belajar dari Rumah. Dunia teknologi terus berkembang dengan pesat. Prosesnya memperhatikan tumbuh kembang anak menyesuaikan tahapan usianya. Pengelolaan teknomedia AUD terdiri dari perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi
Efektivitas Dana Desa Terhadap Pembangunan Sumber Daya Manusia Pedesaan Melalui Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Pamungkas Nurtanggono
Published: March 2022

Desa memiliki peran strategis sebagai lokus pembangunan terkecil, atau dengan kata lain pembangunan nasional dimulai dari desa. Desa diindentikan sebagai ibu kandung suatu negara, yang berarti nuansa kehidupan masyarakat desa mencerminkan gambaran nyata kehidupan masyarakat pada suatu negara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan efektivitas Dana Desa terutama dalam bidang pembangunan sumber daya manusia pedesaan terutama bidang pendidikan melalui Program Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini sebagai salah satu aspek untuk mewujudkan pendidikan yang berkualitas dan berkelanjutan sebagaimana konsep SDGs Desa yang dicanangkan saat ini
Dampak Belajar Dari Rumah (BDR) pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 terhadap Kemampuan Literasi Membaca Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Muryani Arlis , Mubaroq Akhmad Khusni , Bekti Agustiningrum Maria Denok
Published: March 2022

Pandemi Covid-19 menjadi keadaan luar biasa yang menimbulkan dampak pada jenjang PAUD. Pelaksanaan pembelajaran yang awalnya menggunakan sistem tatap muka harus diubah menjadi pendidikan jarak jauh yang disebut Belajar Dari Rumah (BDR). Pelaksanaan BDR ini merupakan kebijakan pemerintah untuk mencegah penyebaran Covid-19. Pendekatan dan jenis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif desktiptif yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan sejumlah dampak BDR terhadap kemampuan literasi membaca Anak Usia Dini (AUD). Subjek penelitian ini adalah guru dan orang tua peserta didik kelas B di TK IT Al-Hikmah 2 Semarang. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa terdapat tiga temuan, yaitu (1) BDR yang berkualitas dipengaruhi oleh penguasaan guru dalam penggunaan teknologi dan kolaborasi yang baik antara peserta didik, guru, dan orang tua, (2) kemampuan literasi membaca AUD mengalami penurunan sebanyak 91,6% selama BDR, (3) BDR menimbulkan dampak negatif pada AUD antara lain (1) anak cepat marah dan bosan, (2) anak kecanduan hp, (3) anak merasa sendirian, (4) anak kurang disiplin, (5 ) penurunan kemampuan literasi membaca AUD, dan (6) belum tercapainya tujuan pembelajaran. Dengan demikian, adanya hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan kajian evaluasi dalam pelaksanaan BDR di PAUD.
Dosis equivalente ambiental H*(10) por neutrones producidos en un Varian Clinac 2300 mediante detectores tipo CR-39
Authors: Rodriguez B Juan J , Barrutia Israel
Published: March 2022

Mediante detectores de trazas tipo CR-39 se determinó la dosis equivalente ambiental H*(10) por neutrones rápidos y térmicos en un acelerador Varian Clinac 2300 que opera en el rango de 6-18 MV. Mediciones preliminares fueron efectuadas ante una fuente moderada de neutrones 252Cf para obtener la respuesta del detector según el rango de energía. Se obtuvieron valores de tasa de densidad de trazas, flujo y dosis equivalente ambiental H*(10) por neutrones rápidos y térmicos en la mesa de tratamiento del recinto. Se determinó que la dosis equivalente ambiental H*(10) por unidad de dosis Gy en el isocentro (IC) es de 162 ± 11 μSv/Gy a una distancia de 13 cm del IC. Se presentan igualmente valores de flujo y tasa de densidad de trazas en el cabezal del acelerador.
Synthesis and Characterization of 2(2-Tetrahydropyranylthio) methyl cyclopropylamine
Authors: A. Muhi-Eldeen Zuhair , F. Hassan Samira
Published: March 2022

2(2-Tetrahydropyranylthio) methyl cyclopropyl amines were synthesized from allylmercaptan through several steps. The structures of the intermediates and the final products where confirmed through IR, NMR and elemental analysis, these compounds may be of value in the treatment of diseases  where free radicals are implicated in their pathogensis, since the thio and the amino groups of the synthesized compounds may act as free radical scavengers.
Effects of Allopurinol on Ketone Body Metabolism and Tissue Lipid Peroxidation in Alloxan Diabetes in Rats
Authors: A. Wohaieb Saleh
Published: March 2022

The aim of the present study is to investigate whether or not xanthine oxidase (XO)â€“derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) may play a role in the pathogenesis of alloxan (ALX)â€“induced diabetes in rats using the specific XO inhibitor and hydroxyl radical scavenger, allopurinol

The involvement of oxidative stress in ALX â€“ diabetes was assessed by the measurement of plasma and various tissues lipid peroxides levels ( using thiobarbituric acid ( TBA ) reactive substances ). Furthermore, the ability of allopurinol to influence these and other biochemical parameters, including plasma and urine ketones levels were also investigated in diabetic rats.

Rats were divided into four groups: control, untreated diabetic, allopurinol â€“ treated diabetic, and insulin â€“ treated diabetics. At the end of the one week experimental period, blood and tissue samples were obtained from anesthesized animals for the measurement of the above â€“ mentioned parameters.

   Although the single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of allopurinol (25 mg/kg body wt.) 1h before or 1h after ALX injection (100 mg/kg body wt., i.p.) failed to prevent the induction of diabetes, it did lower ketonuria and the incidence of early ketosisâ€“associated mortality in diabetic animals in comparison with nonâ€“allopurinolâ€“treated diabetic rats. Subsequent administration of allopurinol (25 mg/kg body wt., i.p.) every 48 hr for 1wk (i.e., 3 additional doses) also decreased plasma ketone bodies levels as well as plasma and tissue (heart, liver, kidney, pancreas) lipid peroxides levels in comparison with nonâ€“allopurinolâ€“treated diabetic rats. Daily insulin injection (9â€“12 U/kg body wt., S.C.) for 1wk period normalized all of the aboveâ€“mentioned abnormalities.

The present results suggest that XOâ€“derived ROS play a minor role (if any) in the diabetogenic effect of ALX. On the other hand, although the mechanism (s) underlying the protective effects of allopurinol on the diabetic state is presently unknown, these effects may reflect a possible association between impaired ketone body metabolism and lipid peroxidation: and suggest an effect of allopurinol on ketone body metabolism.
Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Levels on Yield, Concentration, Physical and Chemical Properties of Dill Seed Oil
Authors: H Al-Sahaf Fadhil , H Al-Samaraâ€™i Madeha , J Al-Ndawi Muna
Published: March 2022

To test the effect of 4 levels of nitrogen (i.e. 0, 45, 90 and 135 Kg N ha-1) as urea (46% N) and 3 levels of phosphorus (i.e. 0, 17.5 and 35 Kg P ha-1) as triple superphosphate (21.8% P) on yield and concentration of dill (Anethum graveolens L. local cultivar) seed oil this experiment was carried out during winter season of 1999 - 2000 at the experimental field of Agriculture College, Abu-Ghraib.

 Both fertilizers were applied in two equal splits, first at seeds sowing and the second was added one month after emergence. Dried and ground seed samples were subjected to water distillation for extraction of volatile oils

 Result indicated that fertilization of dill plants with 90 Kg N + 35 Kg P ha-1 produced highest oil yield (32.19ha-1) and concentration (3.60%) with better quality. GLC analysis indicated that dill seed oil contain 27 volatile compounds, 15 were identified and the major constituents were Carvone, Limonene and Î±-Phellandrene. Nitrogen  and phosphorus fertilization increased the concentration of all identified constituents of dill seed oil.

 Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization increased yield and concentration of dill seed oil. Moreover, physical properties of the oil were also improved by N and P fertilization. GLC analysis showed that Carvone, Limonene and Î±-Phellandrene are the major constituents of dill seed oil and could be increased by N and P application .

Key words : Volatile compounds, Carvone, Limonene, Î±-Phellandrene.
Gender Differences of Serum Leptin Hormone Levels in Iraqi Population
Authors: I.Mustafa Besma
Published: March 2022

To evaluate and compare serum Leptin hormone level between Iraqi male & female and the relation between this hormone & BMI in these two groups.

A total of 44 normal male & female subjects were included in this study

{Group 1 : 22 female } , { Group 2 : 22 male}.

Serum Leptin hormone ,BMI &fasting blood glucose were measured for both groups.

   Serum Leptin level in group 1 was (8.82 + 2.9 Î¼g/L) where as in group 2 it was (4.65 + 3.2 Î¼g/L) . These changes were statistically significant. Fasting blood glucose levels were technically within the normal value (116.43 + 3.4mg /dl) for group 1 & (118.52 + 2.9 mg /dl) for group 2 . BMI levels were comparable in both groups during the study, with slight elevation in group 1  [ 24 + 1.73 kg /m2 for group 1 &  23 + 1.98 kg /m2for group 2 ] which within the  acceptable limit as far as safety concern.

  Leptin, an adipocyte-derived hormone known to play an important role in body-weight regulation, the result of this study shows that Leptin is presented differentially in Iraqi men and women ; in which it is significantly higher in women than in men serum . These observations are potentially important for the understanding of differences between men and women in regulation of food intake, weight gain, and body fat distribution.The relation between Leptin & the BMI in male and female in this study may open another approach for this hormone to be involved  in â€“fertility &  in pubertal development.
Synthesis of 3 - 3 - gem - di - C -Nitromethyl Nucleoside Analogues of Possible Biological Activity
Authors: A. Al-Ftahi Yousif , H.Al â€“ Jawad Fuad , F.Al â€“ Mejwel Nidhal
Published: March 2022

Synthesis of new nucleoside analogues of the type : 3Â¢ , 3Â¢ - gem â€“ di â€“ C â€“ nitromethly , expected to have useful application in the chemotherapeutic treatment of AIDS , cancer and microbial infections. The synthesis involved the condensation of the appropriate sugar derivative ( i.e . 3Â¢ , 3Â¢ â€“  gem â€“ di â€“ C â€“ nitromethly â€“ 1â€“  ribofuranose ) with nitrogen bases , such as , uracil and theophllin following a multi step scheme starting from diacetone golucose (1) (scheme 1) .The prepared compound were identified by spectroscopic methods ; ir , mass , 1H and 13C nmr.
Fórmulas y marcadores endógenos para la evaluación de la función renal en adultos mayores
Authors: Montero Valverde Danny , Abarca Brenes Ignacio , Chavarría Rojas Amanda
Published: March 2022

La tasa de filtración glomerular (TFG) es el producto del número de nefronas multiplicado por la tasa de filtración glomerular media de una sola nefrona. Esta medida en el adulto mayor, está condicionada por una serie de factores que conllevan al diagnóstico erróneo de la enfermedad renal, sin tomar en cuenta los cambios que sufre el riñón con el envejecimiento. El uso de diferentes marcadores endógenos como la creatinina está sujeta a la disminución de la masa muscular y la dieta, sin embargo, su facilidad de medición, su bajo costo y la amplia disponibilidad de análisis, la convierten en uno de los más utilizados en la práctica clínica. La cistatina C no se afectada por factores como la edad, el sexo, la raza y la masa muscular, por lo que se considera un mejor biomarcador en pacientes geriátricos, los cuales presentan mucha variabilidad en su composición muscular. Actualmente la fórmula Colaboración sobre Epidemiología de la Enfermedad Renal Crónica (CKD-EPI) es la recomendada por las últimas guías Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) del 2012 para estimar el filtrado glomerular. Además, se han desarrollado otras ecuaciones CKD-EPI con cistatina C y CKD-EPI con creatinina-cistatina.
Abordaje inicial de la diarrea crónica en el adulto
Authors: Troz Parra Ingrid Pamela , Pérez Fernández Tarsis , Agüero Moreira Melissa
Published: March 2022

La diarrea crónica es un síntoma frecuente, tanto en la consulta de medicina general como en la del gastroenterólogo. Se habla de diarrea crónica cuando esta se presenta por un periodo mayor a 4 semanas y existen diferentes mecanismos fisiopatológicos que incluyen múltiples causas asociadas. Se dividirá la diarrea crónica para mayor practicidad en 3 tipos importantes: inflamatoria, malabsortiva y funcional. Son tantos los diagnósticos diferenciales en relación a este síntoma, que lo importante será darle prioridad a una adecuada historia clínica y al uso racional y adecuado de los estudios de laboratorio y de imagen, para poder determinar si se trata de un problema funcional u orgánico y así llegar a un diagnóstico certero y adecuado, siempre en beneficio del paciente.
Análisis clínico y patológico del coriocarcinoma gestacional
Authors: Brenes Valverde Irene , Mora Morales Arianne , Prendas Navarro Karen
Published: March 2022

El coriocarcinoma es una patología infrecuente, pero potencialmente fatal si no se trata. Está incluida dentro de las Neoplasias Trofoblásticas Gestacionales (NTG), un grupo de tumores malignos altamente invasivos, metastásicos y vascularizados. Su presentación tras una gestación a término conlleva peor pronóstico que tras un aborto o una mola hidatiforme, porque refleja un retraso en el diagnóstico y tratamiento. Los elevados niveles de Gonadotropina Coriónica Humana beta (β-hCGesenciales su diagnóstico. El tratamiento debe de ser precoz, basado en quimioterapia con múltiples fármacos idealmente, aunque en ocasiones también se incluyen la cirugía y radioterapia.
Pemanfaatan Media Lingkungan untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Bercerita pada Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Waris Waris , Supatmi Supatmi
Published: March 2022

Peran pendidik (orang tua, guru, dan orang dewasa lain) sangat diperlukan dalam upaya pengembangan potensi anak usia 4-6 tahun. Perkembangan bahasa anak usia dini memang masih jauh dari sempurna, namun demikian potensinya dapat distimulasi lewat komunikasi yang aktif dengan menggunakan bahasa yang baik dan benar. Kualitas bahasa yang digunakan orang-orang yang dekat dengan anak akan mempengaruhi keterampilan bercerita pada anak. Pada proses pembelajaran, seorang guru sangat dituntut untuk selalu berinovasi dalam memilih dan menggunakan media pembelajaran, khususnya yang dapat meningkatkan kemampuan bercerita pada anak usia dini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan bercerita pada anak usia dini dengan mengimplementasikan media lingkungan. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelompok A di TK Al Furqon Maesan Bondowoso yang berjumlah 33 siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilakukan dalam 2 siklus, masing-masing siklus terdiri dari 4 tahap yaitu: perencanaan, tindakan/pelaksanaan, observasi, dan evaluasi/refleksi. Berdasarkan hasil observasi dan analisis hasil observasi pada siklus I diperoleh data bahwa 22 siswa (63,6%) masih belum bisa bercerita dengan baik dan 12 siswa (36,4%) sudah mampu bercerita dengan baik. Data pada siklus I belum sesuai dengan KKM (>80%), sehingga dilanjutkan ke siklus II. Berdasarkan hasil observasi dan analisis hasil observasi pada siklus II diperoleh bahwa 4 (13%) siswa masih belum bisa bercerita dengan baik dan 29 siswa (87%) sudah mampu bercerita dengan baik. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa implementasi media lingkungan dapat meningkatkan kemampuan bercerita pada anak usia dini.
Keanekaragaman Jenis Lumut (Bryophyta) di Daerah Aliran Sungai Bedadung Jember
Authors: Sukamto Dwi Sucianingtyas
Published: March 2022

Keanekaragaman tumbuhan lumut (Bryophyta) di wilayah Jember khususnya di daerah aliran sungai Bedadung belum banyak dipelajari. Sungai Bedadung merupakan sungai terbesar di Kabupaten Jember yang melintasi ibu kota Kabupaten dengan panjang 46.875 meter. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menginventaris keanekaragaman jenis tumbuhan lumut di kawasan Daerah Aliran Sungai Bedadung sebagai upaya pemanfaatan lingkungan untuk sumber belajar mata kuliah perkembangan tumbuhan. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 5 bulan yaitu dari bulan Januari 2015 sampai bulan Mei 2015. Metode pengoleksian tumbuhan lumut (Bryophyta) dilakukan dengan cara jelajah. Pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan plot 2 x 2 meter dipasang di sepanjang jalur yang hanya ditemukan tumbuhan lumut. Identifikasi dilakukan dengan melihat karakter morfologi tumbuhan lumut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan 6 spesies yang tergolong dalam 3 Kelas tumbuhan lumut yaitu: Hepaticopsida,  Anthocerotopsida dan Bryopsida. Spesies yang ditemukan adalah Anthoceros laevis, Lunularia cruciat, Riccia sp, Polytrichum commun, Dicranoweisia cirrata, Sphagnum sp.
Implementasi Kegiatan Pembelajaran Daring di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 untuk Menstimulasi Kemampuan Pra-Calistung Anak Usia 3 – 4 Tahun di Dikara Edu Center Kedamean – Gresik
Authors: Masturoh Umi , Wulandari Fitrianti
Published: March 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui implementasi kegiatan pembelajaran daring di masa pandemi covid-19 untuk menstimulasi kemampuan Pra-calistung (membaca, menulis dan berhitung) anak usia 3 – 4 tahun di Dikara Edu Center (DEC) Miru Banyuurip Kedamean Gresik. Jenis penelitian ini masuk dalam kategori penelitian lapangan (field research) sedangkan metode yang digunakannya adalah deskriptif. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini adalah implementasi kegiatan pembelajaran daring dalam menstimulasi kemampuan pra-calistung anak usia 3 – 4 tahun yang ada di Desa Banyuurip Kedamean Gresik, pada penerapan daring adalah dengan memanfaatkan aplikasi whatsapp, video call dan memanfaatkan worksheet yang relevan dengan materi yang akan disampaikan, stimulasi kemampuan pra-calistung anak usia 3 – 4 tahun di Dikara Edu Center (DEC) Miru Banyuurip Kedamean Gresik terhadap kemampuan pra membaca, menulis dan menghitungnya terbilang masih sangat rendah, baik dilihat dari sikap pada saat proses pembelajaran maupun hasil dalam pembelajaran yang disebabkan kurang efektifnyanya pendampingan dari guru secara langsung     karena kondisi pandemi Covid-19. Simpulan hasil dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa implementasi kegiatan pembelajaran daring di masa pandemi covid-19 untuk menstimulasi kemampuan Pra-calistung (membaca, menulis dan berhitung) anak usia 3 – 4 tahun di Dikara Edu Center (DEC) Miru Banyuurip Kedamean Gresik terhadap kemampuan pra calistung terbilang masih sangat rendah dibanding pada masa normal.
Pengembangan Media Papan Flanel Warna “Panelwa” untuk Mengenalkan Warna pada Anak Usia 4-5 Tahun di TK ABA Pringgokusuman
Authors: Indriyani Novi , Hastuti Dwi
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan langkah-langkah pengembangan produk alat peraga edukatif papan flanel warna “Panelwa” untuk mengenalkan warna pada anak usia 4-5 tahun di TK ABA Pringgokusuman. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Research & Development (R&D) menurut Sugiyono. Kelayakan produk didasarkan pada hasil penilaian ahli materi dan ahli media. Instrumen pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi dengan Kepala Sekolah. Teknik analisis data berupa data kualitatif dan data kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa media Papan Flanel Warna “Panelwa” yang telah dikembangkan melalui serangkaian uji coba serta validasi ahli dinyatakan layak dengan revisi. Hal ini didukung oleh penilaian ahli materi dengan prosentase skor 78,33% termasuk dalam kategori baik dan layak, penilaian ahli media dengan prosentase skor 87,14% termasuk kategori baik, layak dan perlu revisi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa media papan flanel warna “Panelwa” untuk mengenalkan warna pada anak usia dini usia 4-5 Tahun layak digunakan.
Restrukturisasi Sebagai Sarana Negosiasi pada Pembiayaan Macet Jual Beli Angsuran di BMT IKPM Ponorogo
Authors: Retnowati May Shinta , Azmi Muhammad Ulul , Munawaroh Hifdhotul
Published: March 2022

This study aims to analyze the efforts made by BMT IKPM Ponorogo to be able to save non -bank financial institutions from non -performing financing in the sale and purchase of installments and customers to settle its obligations. This study used qualitative descriptive with  the techniques of collection data through observations, interviews and documentation, then analyzed descriptively. The results of this study show that the settlement of non -performing financing on sale and purchase installment financing in BMT IKPM can be done by conducting negotiations to resolve non -performing financing disputes related to restructuring. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa upaya yang dilakukan oleh BMT IKPM Ponorogo untuk dapat menyelamatkan lembaga keuangan non bank dari pembiayaan macet pada jual beli angsuran dan nasabah agar dapat menyelesaikan kewajibannya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi, selanjutnya dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan penyelesaian pembiayaan macet pada pembiayaan jual beli angsuran di BMT IKPM dapat dilakukan dengan caranegosiasi untuk menyelesaikan perselisihan pembiayaan macet yang bersifat kekeluargaan pada restruksisasi.
Mekanisme Bagi Hasil pada Sistem Affiliate Marketing Taqychan Saffron
Authors: Misra Isra , Zakiah Zakiah , Sukmana Enriko Tedja
Published: March 2022

Affiliate marketing is a business model with a fee or commission system for someone's services, after that person has successfully sold goods or services through marketing on the Internet. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the profit-sharing mechanism for members of Taqychan Saffron in Palangka Raya. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach, with triangulation of sources as data validity. The research subjects are members of Taqychan Saffron who have been registered for more than 1 year with 5 research subjects. Data analysis was carried out by collecting data, collecting data, reducing data and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the profit sharing for Taqychan Saffron members was carried out using a commission and royalty system. Sales of each Taqychan Saffron product will get a 15% commission and 5% royalty bonus from members who have been recruited and they are actively selling. The contract uses a murabaha contract that is agreed upon online on the Taqychan Saffron website. This business pays for services by spreading a link or referral code from the company's website. Currently, many online business activities like this have been carried out and are in accordance with the MUI fatwa regarding the permissibility of conducting e-commerce transactions. Affiliate marketing adalah model bisnis dengan sistem pemberiaan fee atau komisi untuk jasa seseorang, setelah orang tersebut berhasil menjualkan barang atau jasa melalui pemasaran di Internet. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui dan menganalisis mekanisme bagi hasil pada member Taqychan Saffron di Palangka Raya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif, dengan triangulasi sumber sebagai validitas data. Subyek penelitian adalah member Taqychan Saffron yang telah terdaftar lebih dari 1 tahun dengan subyek penelitian sebanyak 5 orang. Analisis data dilakukan dengan pengumpulan data, koleksi data, reduksi data dan pengambilan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bagi hasil  pada member Taqychan Saffron dilakukan dengan system komisi dan royalty. penjualan setiap produk Taqychan Saffron akan mendapatkan komisi 15% dan 5% bonus royalti dari member yang telah direkrut dan mereka aktif berjualan. Akad menggunakan akad murabahah yang disepakati secara online pada website Taqychan Saffron. Bisnis ini membayar jasa  dengan cara menyebarkan link atau kode referral dari website perusahaan tersebut. Pada saat ini kegiatan bisnis online seperti ini telah banyak dilakukan dan sesuai dengan fatwa MUI tentang bolehnya melakukan kegiatan transaksi e-commerce.
Analisis Kesehatan Laporan Keuangan pada Bank Muamalat Indonesia dengan Menggunakan Metode RGEC Tahun 2016-2020
Authors: Husaein Nabilatul Mumtazah Putri , Pratikto Muhammad Iqbal Surya
Published: March 2022

This study aims to determine the health level of Bank Muamalat Indonesia in 2016-2020 using the RGEC method which consists of four components namely Risk Profile, GCG (Good Corporate Governance), Earnings, and Capital. The results of the research about the health level of Bank Muamalat Indonesia in 2016-2020 showed that the NPF ratio is good except in 2019 which was considered quite good because it was in quiet health condition. Then the bank’s FDR ratio showed good results except in 2016 because the result of the analysist was in quite good category. For the PDN ratio, the bank showed quite good. Meanwhile the ratio of ROA, ROE, and BOPO are considered less good because all of them are in the unhealthy category. Meanwhile, for the NI ratio in 2016-2018 is good, for 2019 is less good, and for 2020 is quite good. While in the CAR ratio, the bank is in the very healthy category so that it can be said to be very good condition. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kesehatan pada Bank Muamalat Indonesia periode tahun 2016-2020 dengan menggunakan metode RGEC yang meliputi empat komponen yakni Risk Profile (Profil Risiko), GCG (Good Corporate Governance), Earnings (Rentabilitas), dan Capital (Modal). Hasil penelitian selama periode 2016-2020 tercatat bahwa pada rasio NPF bank menunjukkan hasil yang baik kecuali untuk tahun 2019 yang termasuk cukup baik karena termasuk dalam kategori yang cukup sehat. Kemudian pada rasio FDR bank menunjukkan hasil yang baik kecuali di tahun 2016 karena hasil analisisnya berada dalam kategori cukup sehat. Untuk rasio PDN, bank dikatakan cukup baik. Sedangkan pada rasio ROA, ROE, dan BOPO kurang baik karena semuanya berada dalam kategori kurang sehat. Sementara itu, untuk rasio NI di tahun 2016-2018 bank dikatakan baik, tahun 2019 kurang baik, dan tahun 2020 cukup baik. Sedangkan pada rasio CAR, bank berada dalam kategori sangat sehat sehingga dapat dikatakan sangat baik.