bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pembinaan 8 Standar Pendidikan SD dengan Menggunakan Metode Sasambo dalam Mempersiapkan Akreditasi Sekolah di Kabupaten Sumbawa Barat Tahun 2018
Authors: Wahiddin Wahiddin
Published: January 2021

Latar belakang adanya kebijakan akreditasi sekolah di Indonesia adalah bahwa setiap warga negara berhak memperoleh pendidikan yang bermutu. Untuk dapat menyelenggarakan pendidikan yang bermutu, maka setiap satuan pendidikan harus memenuhi atau melampaui standar yang dilakukan melalui kegiatan akreditasi terhadap kelayakan setiap satuan pendidikan. Secara konsep, tujuan diselenggarakannya akredirasi sekolah/madrasah ialah: (1) memberikan informasi tentang kelayakan tentang sekolah/madrasah berdasarkan Standar Nasional Pendidikan; (2) memberikan pengakuan peringkat kelayakan; (3) memberikan rekomendasi tentang penjaminan mutu pendidika kepada satuan pendidikan yang diakreditasi dan pihak terkait (BAN-S/M,2019:6).

Istilah Sasambo untuk singkatan dari Seratus Sembilan Belas Map Bukti Otentik. Sejumlah map yang disiapkan oleh sekolah sebagai tempat menyimpan dokumen bukti administrati 119 indikator penilaian dalam akreditasi sekolah sesuai Permendikbud No 002/H/AK/2017.

Pembinaan sekolah dengan menggunakan Metode Sasambo sangat efektif dalam pembinaan delapan standar pendidkan untuk menghadapi akreditasi sekolah. Metode ini selain menertibkan administrasi sekolah juga bermanfaat untuk hal-hal sebagai berikut: 1)Metode sasambo memudahkan kepala sekolah dalam mendelegasikan tugas administrasi kepada guru dan stap kependidikan; 2)Tercipta suasana gotong royong dan kerja sama diantara warga sekolah. 3)Semua guru dan stap kependidikan akan memiliki pengalaman yang sama dalam hal administrasi pendidikan yang berhubungan dengan 8 standar. 4)Mempermudah tim penilai akreditasi sekolah dalam memperoleh data tentang kwalitas sekolah secara otentik. 5) Mempercepat waktu penilaian karena semua data sudah tersedia
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Cooperatif Learning dalam Meningkatkan Kompetensi Paedagogik Guru Matematika Kelas VI melalui Pembinaan Pengawasan di Kecamatan Sekongkang Tahun Pelajaran 2019-2020
Authors: Wahiddin
Published: January 2021

Penelitian tindakan kepengawasan ( PTKp ) ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauhmana pembinaan pengawas meningkatkan kemampuan guru dalam menerapkan model pembelajaran cooperatif learning pelajaran matematika kelas VI SD Binaan di Kecamatan Sekongkang. Dalam penelitian tindakan kepengawasan (PTKp) ini dilakukan dalam 3 siklus, dari hasil tindakan yang dilakukan terbukti dapat meningkatkan kinerja guru  dengan mencapai standar ideal. Dari 58,89 % pada siklus I, dapat meningkat menjadi 69,33  %  pada siklus II, dan siklus ke III  77,89  %. Hasil penelitian tindakan ini menunjukkan bahwa pembinaan pengawas dapat meningkatkan kinerja  guru dalam mengembangkan pembelajaran cooperatf learning  pelajaran matematika kelas VI SD dengan ketuntasan mencapai 100 %.
Partisipasi Orang Tua Murid dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Pendidikan MI Assa’adah Labuapi Kabupaten Lombok Barat Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat
Authors: Mastur
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui; 1). Bagaimana partisipasi orang tua murid dalam meningkatkan kualitas Pendidikan di MI Assa’adah Labuapi Kabupaten Lombok Barat Tahun Pelajaran 2019-2020, 2). Ingin mengetahui kendala-kendala apa yang dihadapi dalam meningkatkan kualitas Pendidikan di MI Assa’adah Labuapi Kabupaten Lombok Barat Tahun Pelajaran 2019-2020. Metode Pengumpulan Data yang penulis gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah, Metode Observasi (pengamatan), Metode Wawancara (Interview), dan Metode Dokumentasi. MI Assa’adah Labuapi Lombok Barat, dinilai cukup berhasil dalam menyadarkan masyarakat sebagaimana arti pentingnya berpartisipasi untuk melaksanakan pendidikan putra-putrinya mereka, dari hasil penelitian diperoleh 1). Partisipasi orang tua seperti membantu perbaikan madrasah, baik itu berupa bantuan tenaga, uang atau bahan-bahan bangunan lainnya, selain itu orang tua juga membantu anak-anak belajar di rumah dengan memenuhi kebutuhan anak-anak mereka serta membimbing belajar, 2). Kendala yang dihadapi oleh MI Assa’adah Labuapi Lombok Barat adalah jumlah guru yang tidak seimbang dengan jumlah murid karena guru negerinya hanya satu orang selainnya guru honorer, sarana dan prasarana kurang memadai seperti bangku sebagian ada yang rusak ringan dan keadaan ruangan belum tertata dengan baik mushalla dan aula masih bergabung dengan lembaga lainnya.
Penerapan Strategi Pembelajaran The Power Of Two sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Aktifitas dan Prestasi Belajar IPS Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 5 Seteluk
Authors: Jauhari Syamsul
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penerapan strategi the power of two dalam meningkatkan aktivitas siswa pada pembelajaran IPS, dan untuk mengetahui apakah penerapan strategi ini dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa, serta mengetahui respon siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 5 Seteluk terhadap pembelajaran IPS dengan strategi the power of two.

Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas yang dilakukan di kelas VIII SMP Negeri 5 Seteluk. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan lembar observasi, tes siklus, angket, dokumentasi dan wawancara. Data hasil prestasi belajar dan aktifitas siswa dalam pembelajaran dianalisis dengan menggunakan deskriptif komparatif.

Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa prestasi belajar siswa mengalami peningkatan. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari data hasil tes siklus yang mengalami peningkatan. Sebelum penelitian ketuntasan belajar klasikal hanya 31.81%, pada siklus I meningkat menjadi 59.09%, dan pada siklus II meningkat lagi menjadi 86.36%. Untuk aktifitas belajar siswa dalam proses pembelajaran rata-rata mengalami peningkatan 18.90%, sedangkan aktifitas belajar siswa dalam berpasangan rata-rata meningkat sampai 18.70%. Peningkatan prestasi belajar dan aktifitas belajar siswa juga diikuti dengan peningkatan kemampuan psikomotor yang ditunjukkan oleh peningkatan kemampuan siswa dalam persentasi
Kemampuan Guru Membangun Literasi Etnomatematika Anak di TK Al Hikmah Mujahidin dan TK Kartika XIX-3, Cimahi, Bandung
Authors: Komala Komala , Santana Fifiet Dwi Tresna , Hendriana Heris
Published: January 2021

The AUD study at Al Hikmah Mujahidin Kindergarten and TK Kartika XIX-3 applied a descriptive and quantitative research approach using quasi-experimental techniques. The design carried out has the consideration that, if random grouping is carried out, it will disrupt learning and programs at school. The experimental design used is the non-equivalent control group design. The purpose of the research is to find out and examine the teacher's ability to build ethnomatematic literacy at TK AL Wisdom of Mujahideen and TK Kartika XIX-3. The benefits of research are to help develop the repertoire of theories, knowledge and practices regarding the ability of teachers to develop ethnomatematic literacy. This study produced several findings related to child etnomatematics literacy. Based on the results of the study it was found that the average ethnomatematic literacy before learning did not differ significantly from the experimental-control class. That is, that before learning is carried out, the initial ability difference between the two classes is obtained. Furthermore, after the action was carried out, posttest was carried out to see the final results after being given treatment in both classes. The posttest results on ethnomatematics literacy prove that there is a greater increase in the experimental class compared to the control class. The average posttest of the experimental class is 125.43 with the percentage of achievement that is equal to 91% while for the control group the average is 105.95 with the percentage of achievement that is equal to 82%. Summary of the scores on children's ethnomatematic literacy in the control and experimental classes. The results of the study prove that the actions in the experimental class were able to improve children's ethnomatic literacy better than the control class.
Efektivitas Permainan Lompat Tali Karet untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Motorik Kasar pada Anak Tunagrahita Ringan di SLB Hikmah Reformasi, Padang
Authors: Auliani Niza Fitria , Ardisal Ardisal
Published: January 2021

This research reveals that the child is mental retardation in the SLB of Hikmah Reformasi Padang that has problems with the rough motor capability that is the balance of the body when jumping. The research is aimed at finding out if the elastic rope jumping game is effective for enhancing the rough motor skills in the child is mental retardation. The research method used is Single Subject Research using A-B-A design. Tests given in the form of action tests are performing a rubber rope jumping game starting with standing upright, jumping with two legs as a rejection, the movement hovering in the air with both legs slightly attached, regulating the balance of the body when And the flexibility of the child in the jumping movement. Then the researcher conducting data analysis ie at A1 the initial condition of the rough motor ability of the child to obtain the result 22.22%, on condition B given the child treatment through the game of rubber rope jump obtained yield 88.88%. Next on condition A2 observations of child ability after not given the game (treatment) obtained the result 88.88%. From these results known children's abilities have improved using a rubber dance jumping game.
Analysis of Anecdot Results to Improve the Writing Ability of PAUD Teachers
Authors: Widyastuti Ana
Published: January 2021

Abstrak: Anekdot merupakan alat perekam observasi secara berkala terhadap suatu peristiwa atau kejadian penting yang melukiskan perilaku anak yang teijadinya tidak umum atau kejadian khusus, yang diuraikan dalam bentuk pemyataan singkat dan obyektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penulisan anekdot untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menulis guru PAUD  di  kecamatan  Limo  Depok.  Metode  penelitian  ini menggunakan  penelitian  deskriptif  kualitaiif.  Subjek  penelitian  ini  adalah  hasil  catatan  anekdot  dari   25  orang guru di kecamaian Limo Depok. Penelitian dilakukan dengan melakukan observasi, wawancara dan dokunientasi, selanjutnya penulis mengumpulkan catatan anekdot guru-guru lalu menganalisis berdasarkan syarat anekdot yang baik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beberapa catatan anekdot berdasarkan fakta sangat  baik, spesifik, simpel dan ditulis  oleh  guru  sendiri.  Yang  perlu  perbaikan  adalah  catalan  anekdot  yang  belum lengkap, dan guru masih menafsirkan deskripsi kejadian atau tidak objektif.

Kata kunci: anekdotaI, keterampilan menulis, guru masa kanak-kanak
The New Student Activists: The Rise of Neoactivism on College Campuses
Authors: Chinn Sarah
Published: January 2021

A review of Jerusha O. Conner's The New Student Activists: The Rise of Neoactivism on College Campuses.
Say Their Names
Authors: Martin Joy
Published: January 2021

A poem by Joy Martin.
Catálogo de las localidades de plantas incluidas en la Flora española de Joseph Quer y Casimiro Gómez Ortega (1762 – 1784)
Authors: Medina Domingo Leopoldo , Fernández-Albert Marta , Aedo Pérez Carlos
Published: January 2021

Se ofrece el catálogo de las localidades mencionadas por J. Quer y C. Gómez Ortega en los 6 volúmenes de la Flora española
Resistir para existir: aportes freireanos para uma educação sexual transgressora e emancipadora
Authors: Sousa Fabiana Rodrigues de
Published: January 2021

his essay aims to reveal the resonances of Paulo Freire’s thought and the black feminist bell hooks for the proposition of a transgressive sexual education that promotes critical insertion in reality, questioning heteronormativity, appropriation of a language of resistance, to favor the construction of autonomy and the emancipation of dissident sexual subjects. Here, the relevance of the Freirean legacy is reaffirmed for the consolidation of an education as a practice of freedom. The emancipatory character of the Freirean educational project catalyzes the confrontation of reactionary strategies hidden in the bills proposed by the Escola Sem Partido program, which aim to undermine democracy, establish a gag school and criminalize educators who work in the perspective of social transformation.
EFL Teachers’ Challenges to Write Content and Language Objectives for CBI Lesson Plans at a Mexican University
Authors: Arias de la Cruz Andres
Published: January 2021

This study aims at documenting the challenges that three Mexican students participating in a Content-Based Instruction (CBI) module from a Master’s (MA) program in English Language Teaching (ELT) face when writing content and language objectives for CBI lessons. Through qualitative research based on a content analysis design, one lesson plan of each MA student (n=3) was analyzed using criteria proposed by well-known researchers. Results revealed that MA students wrote clear content objectives. The major challenge of content objectives was found in the observability of these objectives. Language objectives were less successful, as most of them were rated as not clear. Moreover, language objectives focused almost exclusively on language skills and grammar and language structures. Finally, the verbs used in the language objectives demanded a low-order cognitive category from students. Despite being EFL trained teachers, these MA students had more challenges in writing language objectives than content objectives. Thus, material, examples, and directions provided to students should explicitly draw students’ attention to the most common challenges to help overcome them.
English Medium Instruction and the Internationalization of Higher Education in Latin America: A Case Study from a Colombian University
Authors: Tejada-Sanchez Isabel , Molina-Naar Mario
Published: January 2021

This study discusses the implementation of English medium instruction (EMI) at a Colombian university. First, the paper reviews the rise of EMI in the internationalization of higher education. Second, it illustrates how one university incorporated EMI as part of an internationalization process. Third, it identifies the perceptions that a group of administrators, faculty, and students have regarding the EMI initiative. Questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis were conducted. Findings suggest that EMI is tied to the structuring of an internationalization office, curricular reforms, and English language learning support. Participants’ perceptions are associated with their imaginaries, identities, experiences, and obligations in relation to the English language. The study concludes that the implementation of EMI within the internationalization of universities is inevitable, yet a sustainable EMI strategy requires contextual awareness and articulation amongst its participants.
Non-timber Amazonian Forest Products and Their Valuable Edible Nuts: Cutia Nut, Egg Nut, Sapucaia Nut and Brazil Nut
Authors: Lopes Beatriz de Oliveira , Coelho Caroline Correa de Souza , Souza Aparecida das Graças Claret , Freitas-Silva Otniel
Published: January 2021

The Amazon region contains the world’s leading genetic reserve of native plants, with most of the area located in Brazil. This region is rich in species that little known or still unknown by the population at large, including species that produce non-timber forest products (NTFPs) such as edible nuts. The objective was to verify the occurrence of these edible nuts in Brazil, to evaluate their potential and the possibility of other uses, in addition to expanding the knowledge about them. A bibliographic review of the last 50 years was carried out, mainly using the descriptors the popular name and the scientific name of the four nut trees present in the Amazon and their respective families, namely: agouti nut (Acioa edulis Prance) and egg nut (Acioa longipendula Pilg.) From the Chrysobalanaceae family, and sapucaia nut (Lecythis Pisonis Miers) and Brazil nut (Bertholletia excels Bonpl.) From the Lecythidaceae family. The Chrysobalanaceae has 450 species and 17 genera of woody plants and shrubs, producing oilseeds by some species, including egg and agouti nuts. The Lecythidaceae, on the other hand, has approximately 17 genera and 300 species, and in Brazil it is possible to find 9 genera and 122 species, 54 of them endemic, some of which produce edible seeds such as sapucaia and Brazil nuts. Those species have a great nutritional potential, and the chemical composition of their nuts reveals a good amount of lipids and proteins, but more in-depth research on the subject is necessary, including on other biases for better knowledge of the species, discovery of other potential uses and benefits and, consequently, their valorization.
Young Adults’ Perceptions of Online Self-Disclosure
Authors: Edwards Megan A. , Howcroft John G. , Lambert Tania
Published: January 2021

Online communication has become the primary instrument utilised by many individuals to maintain and form relationships, and self-disclosure plays an important role in the formation of close relationships online. An extensive amount of research has investigated the experiences of adolescents online. However, available knowledge about the influence of social media on young adults within the South African context is limited. Consequently, exploring young adults’ perceptions of online self-disclosure becomes more relevant. The aim of this study was to explore and describe young adults’ perceptions of online self-disclosure, specifically exploring what young adults’ self-disclose online and what psychosocial factors impact thereupon. The present study utilised a qualitative approach and was exploratory and descriptive in design. The sample size of the present study was 13, and semi-structured interviews were utilised as the method of data collection. The data obtained was analysed using thematic analysis and six main themes were identified. This article highlights one of those themes, namely Online Self-disclosure, focusing specifically on the psychosocial factors impacting upon online self-disclosure.
Organspende in Deutschland: Höhere Spenderzahlen mithilfe der Disrupt-Then-Reframe-Technik?
Authors: Roos Marie , Weismann Paul
Published: January 2021

Um dem Organspendermangel in Deutschland zu begegnen, wurde zuletzt die Einführung der Widerspruchslösung diskutiert. Die zuständigen Behörden nehmen an, dass ein Mensch zur postmortalen Organspende bereit ist, wenn er zu Lebzeiten nicht ausdrücklich widersprochen hat. Die in Deutschland normierte Entscheidungslösung setzt auf eine bewusste, informierte Entscheidung jedes Einzelnen. Anhand der präsentierten Studie wird gezeigt, dass es mithilfe der sozialpsychologischen Disrupt-Then-Reframe-Technik möglich sein könnte, die Entscheidungslösung beizubehalten und dennoch deutlich höhere Spenderzahlen zu erreichen.
Radio Systems and Computing at the Edge for IoT Sensor Nodes
Authors: H. Smith Malcolm
Published: January 2021

Many Internet of Things (IoT) applications use wireless links to communicate data back. Wireless system performance limits data rates. This data rate limit is what ultimately drives the location of computing resources—on the edge or in the cloud. To understand the limits of performance, it is instructive to look at the evolution of cellular and other radio systems. The emphasis will be on the RF front-end architectures and requirements as well as the modulation schemes used. Wireless sensor nodes will often need to run off batteries and be low-cost, and this will constrain the choice of wireless communications system. Generally cheap and power efficient radio front ends will not support high data rates which will mean that more computing will need to move to the edge. We will look at some examples to understand the choice of radio system for communication. We will also consider the use of radio in the sensor itself with a radar sensor system.
Surgical Anatomy of the Tonsils
Authors: Açar Gülay
Published: January 2021

The tonsils represent a circular band of mucosa associated with lymphoid tissues, Waldeyer’s ring, which is located at the entrance of the upper aerodigestive tract, with a significant role in the immune defense system. Waldeyer’s ring is composed of the pharyngeal, tubal, palatine, and lingual tonsils acting as secondary lymphoid tissues. Particularly, the palatine tonsils are the largest of the tonsils with deep branching crypts and contain B and T lymphocytes and M cell which plays a role in the uptake and transport of antigens. Because of the tonsil enlargement during childhood, upper airway obstruction and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome are mostly seen. Knowledge of the surgical anatomy of the tonsils and variations of the neurovascular and muscular structures around it allows optimal choice of surgical technique to avoid iatrogenic complications during tonsillectomy. Recent medical studies reported that a detailed understanding of the anatomic risk factors in upper airway obstruction allows to predict treatment response to surgical intervention. Due to the penetration of benign or malign lesions of the tonsil into the lateral wall of the pharynx, transoral robotic approach to this region is necessary to identify the surgical anatomic landmarks which are required to perform safe and effective surgical intervention.
Host status of soybean genotypes to Meloidogyne arenaria and Meloidogyne morocciensis
Authors: Dalla Nora Daiane , Balardin Ricardo Rubin , Kaspary Tiago Edu , Souza Júnior Ismail Teodoro de , Bellé Cristiano
Published: January 2021

Soybean crop productivity is limited by several biotic factors, particularly plant-parasitic nematodes. Several species have been reported to cause crop damage, especially those of the genus Meloidogyne. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate, the reaction of 28 soybean genotypes to Meloidogyne arenaria and M. morocciensis in a greenhouse. The soybean genotypes were the same for experiments with different species of plant-parasitic nematodes and were individually inoculated with 5,000 eggs + second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne and kept in a greenhouse. After 60 days of inoculation, the roots of each plant were assessed for the number of galls, final population, and reproduction factor (RF = final population/initial population). The averages of the different variables were then compared to each other by the Scott-Knott cluster analysis at a significance level of 5%. All of the soybean genotypes in the study were susceptible to both nematodes, with RF ranging from 3.5 to 24.1 for M. arenaria and 5.3 to 37.5 for M. morocciensis.
Growth of Arbia goat kids in an intensive production system in Setif, Algeria
Authors: Sahraoui Hossem , Madani Toufik , Benmakhlouf Hamza , Bensalem Mounira , Fantazi Khaled , Gaouar Semir Bechir Suheil
Published: January 2021

The growth of 81 indigenous Arbia goat kids reared in an intensive system in Setif in northeastern Algeria was observed between birth and 70 days of age. The kids were dam-raised during the first month and then provided with 150 g/head/day of a total mixed ration and oat hay. The kids’ live weights were assessed at fasting and at different ages: 0, 10, 21, 30, 42, 60, and 70 days. The average daily gains (ADG) were also calculated. Growth results were presented for all kids by sex and litter size. The average birth weight was W0 = 2.53±0.19 kg, while the average weight at 70 days was W70 = 10.1±1.54 kg, which correspond to an overall daily weight gain of ADG0-70 = 108±21 g/day. The study showed that birth weight was affected by litter size, while growth after birth was mainly affected by sex. Birth weights were similar between males and females, but males grew faster (p<0.001) after birth. Single kids were heavier (p<0.05) than twins at 70 days of age, which is the consequence of a heavier birth weight and a faster growth rate in the first 10 days after birth (ADG0-10). After 10 days, litter size did not affect ADG. Compared to other indigenous populations, Arbia goat kids demonstrated valuable growth potential for meat production.
Equações hipsométricas, volumétricas e funções de afilamento para Pinus spp.
Authors: Nicoletti Marcos Felipe , Lambert Luciano , Soares Philipe Ricardo Caserimo , Cruz Girlene da Silva , Almeida Bruno Rafael Silva , Stepka Thiago Floriani
Published: January 2021

O emprego de ferramentas como a modelagem florestal torna-se cada vez mais importantes no planejamento florestal pois geram estimativas acuradas da produção dos povoamentos. O objetivo do estudo foi realizar o ajuste de modelos hipsométricos, volumétricos e de afilamento para quatro espécies de Pinus na Região Serrana de Santa Catarina. As espécies utilizadas foram Pinus taeda, Pinus elliottii, Pinus greggii e Pinus patula todas implantadas e conduzidas sobre o mesmo plano de manejo florestal. O povoamento está localizado no município de Correia Pinto, Santa Catarina, com 14 anos de idade. Para as análises foram ajustados modelos matemáticos com base nos dados do censo florestal. Para a escolha do melhor modelo utilizaram-se os critérios estatísticos: o coeficiente de determinação ajustado (R²aj), erro padrão da estimativa (Syx%), análise gráfica dos resíduos. As equações hipsométricas apresentaram R² ajustado relativamente baixos, com valores variando entre 0,14 e 0,35 para as espécies e Syx% variando entre 7,67% a 4,86%. Em relação as equações volumétricas, o R² ajustado ficou acima de 0,91 e o Syx% foi inferior a 10%. No que diz respeito as funções de afilamento o melhor modelo para descrever o perfil do fuste das espécies foi Hradetzky, com R² ajustado acima de 0,96 e Syx% inferior a 10%. Os modelos de Naslund, Spurr I e II e Naslund modificado foram selecionados para estimar a volumetria das espécies e; o modelo de afilamento de Hradetzky, foi superior aos demais, sendo selecionado para descrever o perfil do fuste das espécies na área de estudo.
Danza, lingua e potere: (s)cortesia ne La dodicesima notte di Shakespeare
Authors: Ciambella Fabio
Published: January 2021

Dance in Elizabethan and Jacobean England was a practice closely linked to the notion of power, understood both from a political point of view – especially in relation to courtly dances – and from a gender perspective – as regards popular dances in particular. The purpose of this article is to conduct a linguistic analysis of Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night 1.3, where two secondary characters, Sir Andrew Aguecheek and Sir Toby Belch, compete for the woman they both love – countess Olivia – by displaying absurd terpsichorean skills. With the support of conversation analysis and cognitive linguistics, this article underlines how the concept of power (intended both as man-man and man-woman relationship) is expressed at the linguistic level with a series of lexical and morphosyntactic strategies in the discourse about Renaissance dances.
Social Media as Valuable Anti-Corruption Assets in the Public Sphere in Nigeria
Authors: Babasanya B. , Ganiyu L. , Yahaya U. F. , Olagunju O. E. , Olafemi S. O. , Olorukooba Amamat A. , Ademola T. O. , Oladele G. O.
Published: January 2021

The issue of corruption in Nigeria has assumed a monumental dimension in such a way that it has become a household song and practice. Thus, adopting a rhetoric definition may not be appropriate instead a succinct description will suffice. The dimension of corruption is monumental because it started from pre-independence in the First republic with the first major political figure found culpable and investigated in 1944 and reach its peak recently with the evolvement of ‘godfatherism’ in the political landscape of the country. Therefore, corruption in Nigeria is more or less a household name. Using Social Responsibility Media Theory as a guide, this paper undertakes an examination of the right of the media to inform the public, serve the political system by making information, discussion and consideration of public affairs generally accessible, and to protect the rights of the individual by acting as watchdog over the governments. This discourse analysis is backed up with the presentation of documented materials on tracking corruption through the use of social media. Since the use of mainstream media only is disadvantageous owing to its demand-driven nature, social media stands as a veritable and result-orientated asset in tracking corruption across the public sphere. This paper found that complimented with mainstream media, social media and civic journalism have exposed corrupt tendencies of contractors and public office holders including the political class in the provision and handling of infrastructural development projects thereby make public officials accountable and create an open access to good governance.
Assessing the HIV Knowledge, Awareness, and Utilization of YFS among Undergraduates in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Ofurum Ifeoma Chinyere , Job Nneka Gabriel-
Published: January 2021

Background: The establishment of a Youth Friendly Centre (YFC) is to ensure that the reproductive and sexual health needs of young people are adequately met. However, data have shown that a number of them are not even aware of such Centres in their vicinities or the services they offer, how much more utilize them. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the level of HIV knowledge, awareness, and utilization of Youth Friendly Services (YFS) among undergraduates in Rivers State University, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Methods: A total of 520 students were given structured self-administered questionnaire which had been validated and pretested. Four hundred and forty-six questionnaires were returned properly filled. Information regarding knowledge of Human immunodeficiency virus/Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), awareness, and utilization of Youth Friendly Services were obtained from the students.

Results: Two hundred and nineteen (49.1%) of the students indicated HIV had no cure, while 73(16.4%) reported that there was a cure and 154 (34.5%) specified they were uncertain. The female respondents had a better knowledge compared to their male counterparts. The respondents exhibited a high knowledge of HIV preventive measures with the majority 357 (80%) indicating that abstinence was the best means. All the students agreed that everyone was at risk of HIV if they engaged in risky behaviors. In spite of this good knowledge on HIV, only 112 (25.1%) of the students were aware of a YFCs on campus.

Conclusion: The high knowledge level of HIV exhibited by the students did not translate to the awareness and utilization of the YFS. There is still so much to be done by health workers and the university committee if the students are to be encouraged to use the services offered at the Centre.
Reweigh Temperature as Estimator for Evaluation and Prediction
Authors: Awasthi M. K. , Patle Deepak
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to develop estimator for evaluation of reweigh temperature for prediction research extent. Research conducted in Jabalpur district of Madhya Pradesh, India, which comes under the humid subtropical climate region. Temperature recorded at one hour, two hour or three hour either side of maximum temperature may be averaged to get a plateaued value for that much time period. Hourly data on temperature recorded at Weather Underground site are regrouped into different temperature forms namely average of maximum and minimum temperature (Tav), weighted temperature (Twt), maximum temperature (Tmax), Temperature plateaued one hour, two hour and three hour either side of maximum temperature (Tp2, Tp4 and Tp6 respectively). These temperature forms are plotted for all twelve months. Integration of Tav and Tmax was done for estimation of weighted temperature. Values of coefficient of determination raised from fitting of linear regression between each of temperature form; Tmax, Tav, Twt, Tp2 Tp4 and Tp6 with actual pan evaporation. Data set comprises of daily records separately for all twelve months. Daily records are also regrouped into four more categories i.e. for whole year (365 days), hot months (April-May), cold months (December- January) and wet months (July-August). Though the r-squared values are found very low and explains that temperature alone cannot be taken as predictor of evaporation, which is a well comparative fact, but the purpose of presenting these values here to show the comparative effect of different temperature forms on evaporation. In hot months, the Twt with r-squared values of 0.49 seems to be more correlated than other temperature forms. But, in cold months Tmax, Tp2, Tp4 and Tp6 have more influence on evaporation than the Tav or Twt. The research outcome of the present study will be helpful to estimation of reweigh temperature rather average of maximum and minimum temperature for use in prediction research work.
Sorption Characteristics of Halogenated Acetonitriles (HANs) in Surface Water onto Activated Carbon Prepared from Walnut Shell
Authors: Okoya Aderonke Adetutu, , Alao Raliat Modupeola Anjous – , Awokoya Kehinde Nurudeen
Published: January 2021

Sorption efficiencies of activated carbon prepared from walnut shell for the removal of Halogenated Acetonitriles (HANs) from surface water was investigated in this study, as an ethically sound-way of utilizing this unexploited abundant natural resource, and was also compared with burgoyne commercial activated carbon (BCAC). Major HANs created during the disinfection process consist of dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) and bromoacetonitrile, (BCAN). Physicochemical properties of both raw and chlorinated water were determined using standard methods, and concentration of DCAN were determined from water treatment plant at different stages of treatment using High Performance liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Recovery experiments were carried out to validate experimental procedure. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out and different parameters such as adsorbent dosage (0.2, 0.4, 0.8 g), contact time (30, 60, 90 minutes), pH (5, 7, 9), and concentration (0.006 mg/L, 0.009 mg/L and 0.012 mg/L) were optimized for removal of DCAN using walnut shell activated carbon (WSAC). Experimental sorption data from different initial concentrations of DCAN were used to test conformity with Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms. Percentage recovery from experimental procedure is 86.01±0.62 to 100.0±0.00 for DCAN. Mean percentage adsorption efficiencies for simulation experiment is 16.670±0.467 to 41.67±1.103 for DCAN. Optimum conditions for DCAN were 0.8g adsorbent dosage, 60 minutes contact time, pH 9 and 0.012 mg/L initial concentration. Optimum values of theses parameters used for adsorption of DCAN in raw and chlorinated water serving the treatment plant gave an adsorption efficiency of 69.00±1.43% and 79.00±0.03 respectively. Adsorption efficiency of BCAC gave 94.4±0.42 and 98.00±1.41 for raw and chlorinated water respectively, with a total decrease in all physicochemical parameters examined after adsorption experiment. Adsorption isotherm studies indicated that Langmuir model was more suitable for the experimental data than Freundlich isotherm model. Conclusively, the effective adsorbent properties displayed by WSAC in the removal of DCAN indicate its potentials in treatment of water contaminations.
Incidence of Early Pregnancy Loss in Poly Cystic Ovary Syndrome Patients With /Without Metformin Therapy: A Comparative Study
Authors: Ibrahem Basma S. , Syokar Amal A. El , Ossman Ahmed M. , El-Saba Tarek M.
Published: January 2021

Background: The most prominent source of anovulatory infertility in the world is polycystic ovary syndrome. Getting pregnant these days has a larger risk of early maternal death than in the general population. It induces symptoms in about five and ten percent of women of reproductive age (12-45 years old). Women that are insulin tolerant are more prone to have Elevated Insulin levels, Polycystic OVARIES and Hyperandrogens. They are at risk for suboptimal reproductive activity attributable to compromising ovarian function and hormonal equilibrium. The aim of this research was to determine the prevalence of late pregnancy failure in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) taking metformin as compared to women who don't take it.

Materials and Methods: This case control-controlled study included 100 females and divided in to two groups. Each group composed of 50 patients and the patients were distributed   in each group by simple Randomization method.

Results: There was no significant difference between control and study group regarding todescriptive data. Association between rate of pregnancy loss and metformin treatment early pregnancy loss was significantly frequent in control group than in study group with metformin treatment. Gestational age (weeks)at which pregnancy loss occurred is significantly higher in study group than in control group. The rate of early pregnancy loss among studied groups is significantly lower than in control group.

Conclusion: Metformin therapy in pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome was associated with a significant reduction in the rate of early pregnancy loss. It was well tolerated by patients with a minimum of side effects. However, extended studies are required to evaluate its effect on further pregnancy complications and fetal outcomes.
The Rise of Fungi: Evidence on the Global Scale. Old Known Silences or Mysterious Threats to the Planet
Authors: Júnior Diniz Pereira Leite , Costa Gisela Lara da , Dantas Elisangela Santana de Oliveira , Nascimento Diana Costa , Moreira Debora , Pereira Ronaldo Sousa , Ramos Regina Teixeira Barbieri , Bonci Mário Mendes , Maia Margareth Léa da Silva , Gandra Rinaldo Ferreira , Auler Marcos Ereno , Melhem Marcia de Souza Carvalho , Paula Claudete Rodrigues
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Fungi are organisms that present themselves in multicellular macroscopic and unicellular microscopic forms. They are eukaryotic, heterotrophic, reproduce asexually/sexually, cosmopolitan, achlorophyllates and are present in various climatic conditions and found in a variety of species and forms in nature.

Aims: Present the emerging evolution of fungi, their underreporting, scale and parameters that show their potential as a heterotrophic organism, decomposer and pathogen.

Methodology: In this review, we conducted a search emphasizing themes about fungi using the available databases and based on the scientific literature, we discussed a series of recent issues involving this wide realm and the constant controversies and expectations that guide the existence of fungi on the planet.

Results: The results presented show an analysis of the action of these eukaryotic organisms and their interaction with other living beings, the constant changes in taxonomy, their pathogenic potential in plants and animals, issues related to the intrinsic resistance of some species to drugs and also the potential biotechnological for which these organisms demonstrate high plasticity.

Conclusion: The expansion of fungal diseases to the fauna and flora of the planet; leads us to believe that, unless measures are taken to reinforce biosafety issues, it will be increasingly necessary to take care of the health conditions of the planet to avoid a global collapse caused by microscopic beings.
The best and worst of 2020, hopes for 2021: Part 2
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: January 2021

In last week's issue, there wasn't room for all of the contributions for our traditional stakeholder reflections in the Preview Issue. Below are more.
Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma: Cytomorphologic features and diagnostic challenges
Authors: Asiry Saeed , Khader Samer N. , Villanueva‐Siles Esperanza , Hakima Laleh
Published: January 2021

Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) is a rare malignant neoplasm, which primarily arises in lymph nodes with occasional cases occurring in extranodal locations. The diagnosis is often challenging particularly on cytology fine needle aspiration due to overlapping morphologic and immunohistochemical features. We present a case of FDCS diagnosed in an otherwise asymptomatic 33‐year old male. The aim of our case report is to highlight the key cytomorphologic features and discuss various differential diagnoses of this unusual entity.
Extreme sensitivity of dye solar cells to UV‐induced degradation
Authors: Poskela Aapo , Miettunen Kati , Tiihonen Armi , Lund Peter D.
Published: January 2021

Present practice to avoid harmful effects of UV light on dye solar cells (DSC) is to use a UV filter. However, we show here that a standard 400 nm UV cutoff filter offers inadequate protection from UV‐induced degradation. DSCs that were exposed to only visible light by LED lamps maintained 100% of their initial efficiency after 3000 hours of exposure, whereas the efficiency of DSCs subjected to full light spectrum (Xenon arc lamp) with an efficient UV filter dropped down to 10% of their initial performance already after 1500 hours. Optical analysis of the UV filter confirmed that the amount of light transmitted below 400 nm was negligible. These observations indicate that (a) DSCs can be very sensitive to even minor amount of UV and (b) eliminating the effects of UV light on DSC stability cannot easily be avoided by a UV filter on top of the cell. A detailed analysis of the degradation mechanisms revealed that the culprit to loss of performance was accelerated loss of charge carriers in the electrolyte of the DSCs—a typical symptom of UV exposure. These results suggest that commonly used stability tests under LED illumination are insufficient in predicting the lifetime of DSCs in outdoor conditions. Instead, for such purpose, we recommend solar cell stability to be tested with a full light spectrum and with a suitable UV filter.
Noninvasive Detection of Ischemic Vascular Damage in a Pig Model of Liver Donation After Circulatory Death
Authors: Ember Katherine J.I. , Hunt Fiona , Jamieson Lauren E. , Hallett John M. , Esser Hannah , Kendall Timothy J. , Clutton R. Eddie , Gregson Rachael , Faulds Karen , Forbes Stuart J. , Oniscu Gabriel C. , Campbell Colin J.
Published: January 2021

Background and Aims

Liver graft quality is evaluated by visual inspection prior to transplantation, a process highly dependent on the surgeon’s experience. We present an objective, noninvasive, quantitative way of assessing liver quality in real time using Raman spectroscopy, a laser‐based tool for analyzing biomolecular composition.

Approach and Results

A porcine model of donation after circulatory death (DCD) with normothermic regional perfusion (NRP) allowed assessment of liver quality premortem, during warm ischemia (WI) and post‐NRP. Ten percent of circulating blood volume was removed in half of experiments to simulate blood recovery for DCD heart removal. Left median lobe biopsies were obtained before circulatory arrest, after 45 minutes of WI, and after 2 hours of NRP and analyzed using spontaneous Raman spectroscopy, stimulated Raman spectroscopy (SRS), and staining. Measurements were also taken in situ from the porcine liver using a handheld Raman spectrometer at these time points from left median and right lateral lobes. Raman microspectroscopy detected congestion during WI by measurement of the intrinsic Raman signal of hemoglobin in red blood cells (RBCs), eliminating the need for exogenous labels. Critically, this microvascular damage was not observed during WI when 10% of circulating blood was removed before cardiac arrest. Two hours of NRP effectively cleared RBCs from congested livers. Intact RBCs were visualized rapidly at high resolution using SRS. Optical properties of ischemic livers were significantly different from preischemic and post‐NRP livers as measured using a handheld Raman spectrometer.

Conclusions

Raman spectroscopy is an effective tool for detecting microvascular damage which could assist the decision to use marginal livers for transplantation. Reducing the volume of circulating blood before circulatory arrest in DCD may help reduce microvascular damage.
Decomposition of gendered socioeconomic‐related inequality in outpatient health care utilization: A cross‐sectional study from Iran
Authors: Vahedi Sajad , Ramezani‐Doroh Vajiheh , Shamsadiny Mohammad , Rezapour Aziz
Published: January 2021

Introduction

Unequal access to required health care services could deteriorate inequality in health outcomes and increase mortality and morbidity, especially among disadvantaged groups. One of the most debated factors in shaping health care inequalities is gender. This study aimed to measure and explains gendered socioeconomic‐related inequality in outpatient health care utilization in Iran.

Methods

This is a cross‐sectional research conducted at a national level in Iran. The required data was obtained from an Iranian health care utilization household survey conducted in 2015. Erreygers Concentration Index (ECI) was used to measure the socioeconomic inequality in outpatient health care utilization. A regression‐based decomposition analysis was also used to explain socioeconomic‐related inequalities.

Results

There was a significant pro‐rich inequality in outpatient health care utilization between males (ECI = 0.115, SE = 0.014) and females (ECI = 0.083 SE = 0.011) indicating that utilization of these services was concentrated on the better‐offs. The decomposition analysis revealed that economic status (males = 50.58%, females = 37.42%) was the main contributor to the observed inequality. Location of residence, health insurance and education were other main driver of these inequalities.

Conclusions

Different factors have different contribution to socioeconomic‐related inequality in utilization of outpatient health care services and these could be diversified considering gender. Hence, it seems that policy makers could be able to address these inequalities effectively through gender‐oriented policies.
A cross‐linguistic study of multisensory perceptual narrowing in German and Swedish infants during the first year of life
Authors: Dorn Katharina , Cauvet Elodie , Weinert Sabine
Published: January 2021

Four‐and‐a‐half‐month‐olds look longer at silent mouth movements corresponding to a language they previously listened to. The perceptual narrowing hypothesis suggests this general ability to decline as a consequence of experience with the infant's native language. We tracked eye‐gaze of German and Swedish infants longitudinally in an intersensory matching procedure at 4.5 and 6 months of age. Infants watched and listened sequentially to side‐by‐side presentations of visual and corresponding auditory fluent speech in their respective native or the non‐native language. Looking times indicated that 4.5‐month‐old infants preferred the respective language they previously listened to, either native or non‐native. However, at 6 months of age they only audio‐visually matched their native language and kept looking at chance level after listening to the non‐native language – suggesting that the intersensory perception of languages narrows down before 6 months of age even in same‐rhythm‐class languages. Intriguingly, the 6‐month‐old German and Swedish samples showed different patterns of preference after listening to their native language. Whereas the German infants looked significantly longer to the German visual speech, the Swedish infants looked significantly shorter to the Swedish visual speech. Different explanations and practical implications for early hearing aids are discussed within the frame of perceptual narrowing.

Highlights

First study to examine perceptual narrowing in same‐rhythm‐class languages.

In an intersensory matching procedure audio‐visual matching of languages narrows down before 6 months of age in same‐rhythm‐class languages.

The empirical findings might have crucial practical implications for early hearing aids.