bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
10-Year Results of Therapeutic Ratio by Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy Versus Two-Dimensional Radiotherapy in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Chen Lei , Zhang Yuan , Lai Shu-Zhen , Li Wen-Fei , Hu Wei-Han , Sun Rui , Liu Li-Zhi , Zhang Fan , Peng Hao , Du Xiao-Jing , Lin Ai-Hua , Sun Ying , Ma Jun
Published: August 2018

Background

The purpose of this study was to verify 10-year results of survival and late toxicities and assess the ultimate therapeutic ratio of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) versus two-dimensional radiotherapy (2DRT) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the data from 1,276 patients with nonmetastatic NPC who received IMRT or 2DRT from January 2003 to December 2006.

Results

Of the 1,276 patients, 512 were treated with IMRT and 764 with 2DRT. Median follow-up was 115 months. At 10 years, the IMRT group demonstrated significantly better results than the 2DRT group in local failure-free survival (L-FFS; 90% vs. 84%; hazard ratio [HR], 0.57, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.40–0.81; p = .001), failure-free survival (FFS; 69% vs. 58%; HR, 0.69, 95% CI, 0.57–0.83; p < .001), and overall survival (OS; 75% vs. 63%; HR, 0.62, 95% CI, 0.51–0.77; p < .001). Subgroup multivariate analyses showed that radiotherapeutic technique (IMRT vs. 2DRT) remained an independent prognostic factor for L-FFS in the T1 subgroup (HR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.11–0.80; p = .02); for FFS in the stage II subgroup (HR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.24–0.73; p = .002); and for OS in the stage I (HR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.04–0.96; p = .04), stage II (HR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.21–0.75; p = .004), and stage IVA–B (HR, 0.74, 95% CI, 0.56–0.98; p = .04) subgroups. The incidence of grade 3–4 temporal lobe necrosis, cranial neuropathy, eye damage, ear damage, neck soft tissue damage, trismus, and dry mouth was significantly lower in the IMRT group than in the 2DRT group.

Conclusion

IMRT demonstrated an improved ultimate therapeutic ratio compared with 2DRT in patients with NPC after a 10-year follow-up, with significant improvement of L-FFS, FFS, and OS and decrease in most late toxicities.

Implications for Practice

The ultimate therapeutic ratio of intensity-modulated radiotherapy versus two-dimensional radiotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma is unclear. In this retrospective study of 1,276 patients with nonmetastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma with a follow-up of 115 months, intensity-modulated radiotherapy demonstrated an improved ultimate therapeutic ratio compared with two-dimensional radiotherapy, with significant improvement of local failure-free survival, failure-free survival, and overall survival and decrease in most late toxicities and noncancer deaths. However, distant control remains insufficient with this treatment modality.
Integrative 3′ Untranslated Region-Based Model to Identify Patients with Low Risk of Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis in Operable Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Wang Lei , Hu Xin , Wang Peng , Shao Zhi-Ming
Published: August 2018

Background

Sentinel lymph node biopsy is the standard surgical staging approach for operable triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with clinically negative axillae. In this study, we sought to develop a model to predict TNBC patients with negative nodal involvement, who would benefit from the exemption of the axillary staging surgery.

Materials and Methods

We evaluated 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) profiles using microarray data of TNBC from two Gene Expression Omnibus datasets. Samples from GSE31519 were divided into training set (n = 164) and validation set (n = 163), and GSE76275 was used to construct testing set (n = 164). We built a six-member 3′UTR panel (ADD2, COL1A1, APOL2, IL21R, PKP2, and EIF4G3) using an elastic net model to estimate the risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM). Receiver operating characteristic and logistic analyses were used to assess the association between the panel and LNM status.

Results

The six-member 3′UTR-panel showed a high distinguishing power with an area under the curve of 0.712, 0.729, and 0.708 in the training, validation, and testing sets, respectively. After adjustment by tumor size, the 3′UTR panel retained significant predictive power in the training, validation, and testing sets (odds ratio = 4.93, 4.58, and 3.59, respectively; p < .05 for all). A combinatorial analysis of the 3′UTR panel and tumor size yielded an accuracy of 97.2%, 100%, and 100% in training, validation, and testing set, respectively.

Conclusion

This study established an integrative 3′UTR-based model as a promising predictor for nodal negativity in operable TNBC. Although a prospective study is needed to validate the model, our results may permit a no axillary surgery option for selected patients.

Implications for Practice

Currently, sentinel lymph node biopsy is the standard approach for surgical staging in breast cancer patients with negative axillae. Prediction estimation for lymph node metastasis of breast cancer relies on clinicopathological characteristics, which is unreliable, especially in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)—a highly heterogeneous disease. The authors developed and validated an effective prediction model for the lymph node status of patients with TNBC, which integrates 3′UTR markers and tumor size. This is the first 3′UTR-based model that will help identify TNBC patients with low risk of nodal involvement who are most likely to benefit from exemption axillary surgery.
Pretreatment 18F-FDG Uptake Heterogeneity Predicts Treatment Outcome of First-Line Chemotherapy in Patients with Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Gong Chengcheng , Ma Guang , Hu Xichun , Zhang Yingjian , Wang Zhonghua , Zhang Jian , Zhao Yannan , Li Yi , Xie Yizhao , Yang Zhongyi , Wang Biyun
Published: August 2018

Background

Intratumoral heterogeneity of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake in primary tumor has proven to be a surrogate marker for predicting treatment outcome in various tumors. However, the value of intraindividual heterogeneity in metastatic diseases remains unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate pretreatment positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) 18F-FDG-based heterogeneity for the prediction of first-line treatment outcome in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC).

Materials and Methods

mTNBC patients from three clinical trials (NCT00601159, NCT01287624, and NCT02341911) with whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT scan before first-line gemcitabine/platinum were included. Heterogeneity index (HI) and the maximum of FDG uptake (MAX) across total metastatic lesions (-T) on baseline PET/CT scans were assessed. HI was measured by MAX divided by the minimum FDG uptake across metastatic lesions. Optimal cutoffs were determined by time-dependent receiver operator characteristics (ROC) analysis. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method and compared by log-rank test.

Results

A total of 42 mTNBC patients were included in this study. The median PFS of patients with high HI-T (>1.9) and high MAX-T (>10.5) was significantly shorter than patients with low HI-T (<1.9; p = .049) and low MAX-T (<10.5; p = .001). In terms of OS, only high MAX-T was significant for poorer outcome (p = .013). ROC curve analysis confirmed the predictive value of MAX and HI in mTNBC patients. Area under the ROC curve for MAX-T and HI-T was 0.75 and 0.65, indicating a higher predictive accuracy than conventional clinical risk factors.

Conclusion

HI and MAX measured among metastatic lesions on pretreatment 18F-FDG PET/CT scans could be potential predicators for first-line treatment outcome in patients with mTNBC.

Implications for Practice

Intratumoral heterogeneity of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in primary tumor has proven to be a robust surrogate predictive marker. A novel positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) parameter-heterogeneity index (HI) to quantify the heterogeneous characteristics of metastatic disease is proposed. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly heterogeneous disease and remains a clinical challenge. The predictive performance of HI, along with the maximum FDG uptake (MAX), measured on pretreatment PET/CT scans in patients with metastatic TNBC was evaluated. Results indicate that HI and MAX may serve as applicable imaging predicators for treatment outcome of metastatic TNBC in clinical practice.
Strategies for Recognizing and Managing Immune-Mediated Adverse Events in the Treatment of Hodgkin Lymphoma with Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Vardhana Santosha , Cicero Kara , Velez Moises J. , Moskowitz Craig H.
Published: August 2018

The programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor checkpoint inhibitors nivolumab and pembrolizumab represent an important therapeutic advance in the treatment of relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). Clinical trials have shown substantial therapeutic activity and an acceptable safety profile in heavily pretreated patients, resulting in U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of nivolumab for the treatment of cHL that has relapsed or progressed after either autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (auto-HCT) and brentuximab vedotin treatment or three or more lines of systemic therapy (including auto-HCT), and of pembrolizumab for adult or pediatric patients with refractory cHL or cHL that has relapsed after three or more prior therapies. Mechanistically, anti-PD-1 therapy prevents inhibitory signaling through PD-1 receptors on T cells, thereby releasing a ‘block’ to antitumor T-cell responses. However, this disinhibition can also lead to inappropriate T-cell activation and responses against healthy tissues, resulting in immune-mediated adverse events (IMAEs) that affect a number of organ systems. The skin, gastrointestinal, hepatic, and endocrine systems are most commonly involved, typically resulting in rash, colitis, abnormal liver enzyme levels, and thyroiditis, respectively. Notably, pneumonitis is a potentially fatal complication of checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy. Hematologic oncologists who treat cHL with PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitors should monitor patients for IMAEs, as early recognition and treatment can rapidly reduce morbidity and mortality. This review focuses on IMAEs during the treatment of relapsed or refractory cHL with nivolumab and pembrolizumab.

Implications for Practice

This article highlights the importance of monitoring for immune-mediated adverse events (IMAEs) in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) who receive anti-programmed death-1 (anti-PD-1) therapy, with particular attention given to the recognition and management of such events. The risk of individual IMAEs differs between patients with HL and those with solid tumors, as prior treatments may predispose certain organ systems to specific IMAEs. Accurate and prompt diagnosis of IMAEs is essential for optimal management, allowing PD-1 inhibitor therapy to be restarted in order to maintain disease control. Potential difficulties, such as distinguishing disease progression from pneumonitis, or colitis from diarrhea, are highlighted to raise clinical awareness.
Hábitos de sueño, desempeño académico y comportamiento en niños de básica primaria
Authors: Muñoz Quintero Alejandro , Bianchi Susana Beatriz
Published: August 2018

Introducción: una reducción del tiempo de sueño o la presencia de alteraciones en el mismo, trae repercusiones negativas en el funcionamiento de cualquier persona durante la vigilia.Objetivos: el presente estudio tuvo como propósito identificar la relación de los hábitos de sueño con el desempeño académico y el comportamiento en niños de básica primaria.Metodología: los participantes fueron 405 niños y niñas matriculados en instituciones educativas oficiales y privadas. Los padres de familia respondieron la Encuesta de Hábitos de Sueño Infantil (CSHQ) y la Escala Multidimensional de la Conducta (BASC), mientras que los profesores evaluaron el desempeño de los alumnos a través de la Escalade Desempeño Académico (APRS).Resultados: los niños durmieron en promedio 8,75 horas, tiempo inferior al sugerido para estas edades y al encontrado en otros estudios. Los niños del colegio oficial tuvieron puntuaciones que indicaron mayores dificultades en distintas subescalas del sueño con respecto a los alumnos del colegio privado. Se observó una disminución significativa del tiempo de sueño nocturno en semana a medida que los niños avanzan en edad. Por otro lado, se pudo establecer una relación significativa de orden positivo entre el sueño y el comportamiento, y negativa entre este último y el desempeño académico.Conclusiones: la presencia de problemas en el sueño se asoció con alteraciones comportamentales en los niños, las que, a su vez, se asociaron con un menor rendimiento académico. Estos datos resaltan la importancia de dormir bien como una condición necesaria para alcanzar un óptimo funcionamiento en el ámbito escolar.
¿Rendimiento en exámenes o promedio general? Algunas cuestiones sobre la medición del rendimiento académico en investigación
Authors: Dominguez-Lara Sergio
Published: August 2018

Introducción: el rendimiento académico (RA) es un tema relevante en la investigación educativa, pero su operacionalización aún está sujeta a controversia, ya que no hay un criterio unificado sobre considerar el promedio ponderado (PP) o el rendimiento en los exámenes (RE) como medida de RA en investigación, sobre todo con constructos dependientes de la situación, como, por ejemplo, la ansiedad ante exámenes (AE).Objetivo: el objetivo fue analizar la equivalencia empírica entre el PP y el RE.Método: participaron 115 estudiantes de psicología de una universidad privada con edades entre los 18 y 31 años (M = 22,704; DE = 3,126), pertenecientes a tres ciclos académicos distintos. Fueron evaluados con el Inventario de Ansiedad ante Exámenes – Estado, considerando además las calificaciones de exámenes y promedios ponderados de cada estudiante. En cuanto al análisis de datos, fueron implementadas correlaciones bivariadas entre RE y PP (rRE-PP). Posteriormente, las rRE-PP observadas en diferentes ciclos fueron comparadas. Por último, se analizaron las diferencias entre las correlaciones de la AE con el RE (rAE-RE) y el PP (rAE-PP), observadas en cada ciclo. Todos los análisis fueron complementados con una medida de magnitud del efecto.Resultados: la correlación entre RE y PP es de magnitud baja, y las diferencias halladas entre correlaciones no fueron estadísticamente significativas.Conclusiones: no es conveniente considerar como equivalentes el RE y el PP en el marco de estudios con variables dependientes de la situación. Se sugirió la importancia de superar las limitaciones observadas en el presente estudio.
Eficiencia de la especie macrófita Eichhornia crassipes (Jacinto de agua) para la remoción de parámetros fisicoquímicos, metal pesado (Pb) y la evaluación de su crecimiento en función al tiempo y adopción al medio en una laguna experimental
Authors: Quispe Baldeón Lizbeth , Arias Chavez Jimena Betsy , Martinez Suarez Cristian Franco , Cruz Huaranga Milda
Published: August 2018

El objetivo del trabajo es evaluar la eficiencia en la remoción de los parámetros fisicoquímicos, metales pesados de la especie macrófita Eichhornia crassipes (Jacinto de Agua) y evaluar el crecimiento en función al tiempo y adopción al medio en la laguna de la Universidad Peruana Unión. Para insertar el Jacinto de agua a la laguna, se adaptó a la especie por 3 semanas hasta ver el crecimiento medio de éstas y luego se diseñaron los sistemas flotantes, que fueron realizados con tubos PVC de 2 pulgadas, mallas metálicas y mallas de tela, entre otros. Se hizo el muestreo por dos meses, en función al ingreso de agua a la laguna y el tiempo de retención que fue de 3 a 5 días. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que hubo mayor disminución en la conductividad, oxígeno disuelto y sólidos totales. En conclusión, se obtuvo una eficiencia del 31% en la remoción de parámetros fisicoquímicos (conductividad (Us/cm)), Oxígeno disuelto (mg/L), solidos totales ((mg/L), turbiedad (UNT), pH, temperatura (°C), DBO5 (mg/L), DQO (mg/L) y fosfato (mg/L)), asimismo, se obtuvieron resultados de eficiencia negativa en algunos parámetros. En cuanto al crecimiento de macrófitas flotantes, Jacinto de agua, en el monitoreo que se hizo durante dos meses, el crecimiento fue rápido; en 15 días se llegó a duplicar la cantidad de plantas y luego fue llenando al sistema flotante, esto debido a que hay suficientes nutrientes en la laguna de la Mansión.
Aplicación de un diseño factorial 2^4 en la remoción de turbiedad del Rio Rímac mediante la coagulación y floculación usando goma de tara
Authors: Perez Huachaca Wilber , López-Gonzales Javier Linkolk
Published: August 2018

Los coagulantes y floculantes se usan en el tratamiento de aguas para eliminar partículas en suspensión. Las plantas de tratamiento utilizan como coagulantes primarios el sulfato de aluminio o sales de hierro, estos pueden ser reemplazados por coagulantes naturales. El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar la eficiencia de remoción de la turbiedad del río Rímac, mediante la coagulación y floculación con goma de tara (Caesalpinia Spinosa). Para ello se utilizó un diseño Factorial de 24 que equivale a 16 experimentos, analizando cuatro factores: pH, dosis de coagulante, velocidad de mezcla rápida y velocidad de mezcla lenta, y una variable dependiente que es la turbiedad, la metodología empleada para determinar los valores óptimos es la prueba de jarras. Se pudo concluir que los variables significativos para la remoción de turbiedad son la dosis del coagulante, pH, mezcla rápida y lenta en las siguientes concentraciones, 2% de (Al2SO4)3, y una dosis óptima de 5 ml; la goma de tara a una concentración de 0.1% y una dosis de 10 ml. La aplicación del diseño factorial fue a un nivel de significancia del 5%.
Determinación geomorfológica de Choccoconniri – Puno
Authors: Poma Porras Alan Orlando , Roman Medrano Maria Alejandra , Zegarra López Zabdi Magdalena , Madrigal Perez Glen Bryan
Published: August 2018

El objetivo esta investigación es determinar la geomorfología de Choccocconiri para mostrar relaciones existentes entre los procesos de cambio de esta, además la influencia climática en la modificación del relieve. La metodología empleada fue la observación panorámica con el dron Phanton 4 pro que hizo tomas con una altura de 50 metros y mediante imágenes satelitales, también la observación compuesta que consistió en recorridos por sectores para registrar de cerca características del territorio. La geomorfología registrada en Choccocconiri es consecuencia de los grandes eventos formadores de relieve ocurridos en el departamento de Puno, asociados a eventos tectónicos, transporte y depósito de material litológico así mismo a las modificaciones biológicas y climáticas, se observó gran variedad de geoformas y que son parte de diferentes geopaisajes, que están influenciados por la erosión eólica, acción fluvial y procesos de disolución química. En chocco el perfil edáfico es poco profundo con tres notables capas el primero de origen glaciar aluvial y en Cconiri es origen eólico fluvial y horizonte cálcico. La percepción de la población a través de bioindicadores como aves emigrantes y disminución del caudal de agua es que se están dando cambios notables en su comunidad. En conclusión, se encontró una geomorfología atractiva paisajísticamente, además, Estos procesos son todavía activos en rocas blandas, en la que los escarpes actuales están bien desarrollados. geoformas y piedras laja que son recursos geológicos de gran valor para la comunidad que permitirán, con un buen manejo, el desarrollo de la misma a través del ecoturismo.
Evaluación de contaminación sonora vehicular en el centro de la ciudad de Tarapoto, San Martín, 2015
Authors: Delgadillo Mendoza Mary Cruz , Pérez Carpio Jackson Edgardo
Published: August 2018

El objetivo de este artículo es realizar una evaluación de la contaminación sonora vehicular en el centro de la Ciudad de Tarapoto, cuyas zonas consideradas fueron zona comercial y zona de protección especial. Se identificó siete puntos de monitoreo, en el horario diurno (7:00 am - 8:00 am, 12:30 pm – 1:30 pm y 5:00 pm - 6:00 pm), durante siete semanas. Los resultados obtenidos superan los Estándares de Calidad Ambiental para Ruido (D.S. N°085-2003-PCM), encontrándose que el punto 5 (P-5) ubicado en la intersección de Jr. Jiménez Pimentel con Jr. Shapaja perteneciente a la Zona Comercial, presenta los niveles de presión sonora  más altos en los tres períodos (80.4, 81.6, y 87.8 dB), en el análisis de varianza, en el periodo 1, el ANOVA indica que hay diferencia significativa y la prueba Tukey, donde confirma que el P-5, presenta nivel de presión sonora más alto. El flujo vehicular estuvo compuesto por moto lineal, motocarro y otros vehículos (autos, combis, camioneta, etc.), en la que el vehículo con mayor circulación durante la evaluación fue el motocarro.
Evaluación de la eficiencia en el tratamiento de aguas residuales para riego mediante humedales Artificiales de flujo libre superficial (FLS) con las especies Cyperus Papyrus y Phragmites Australis, en Carapongo-Lurigancho
Authors: Torres Guerra Jocelyn Dianella , Magno Vargas Jennifer Sheyla , Pineda Aguirre Raquel Rocio , Cruz Huaranga Milda Amparo
Published: August 2018

El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar la eficiencia de las especies Cyperus Papyrus y Phragmites Australis en el tratamiento de aguas residuales con Humedales Artificiales a escala piloto de flujo libre superficial (FLS) en el agua para riego de Carapongo-Lurigancho. Para su evaluación se midieron parámetros como: DBO (270 mg/l); Coliformes totales y Coliformes Termotolerantes (16x107 NMP/100ml), pH (7.8); Temperatura (21°C), Turbidez (130 UNT); los cálculos necesarios como las dimensiones, tiempo de retención hidráulica y velocidad de flujo del sistema son una adaptación de Crites yTchobanoglous, llamado Small Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Systems. De acuerdo a la Categoría 3: Riego de vegetales y bebida de animales de los ECA para agua D.S. 002-2001.MINAM, los parámetros deben ser: DBO (15ml/L), Coliformes totales (5 000 NMP/100ml) y Coliformes Termotolerantes (1000 NMP/100ml), pH (6.5-8.5). La efectividad del sistema de humedales un 80% de remoción, mientras que para a la determinación de eficiencia de las especies, Cyperus Papyrus tiene mayor remoción en la calidad de DBO y turbidez un 77% mayor a Phragmites Australis, mientras ésta un 30 % mayor en la remoción Coliformes totales y Coliformes Termotolerantes.
Indice de la calidad de aire en el distrito de Morales debido a la presencia de material particulado 2.5 microgramos
Authors: Guevara Reátegui Julio Rafael , Pérez Carpio Jackson Edgardo
Published: August 2018

El objetivo de la investigación es determinar la concentración de partículas menores de 2.5 microgramos para luego ser comparados con el índice y el estándar de calidad de aire (D.S. N° 003-2008-MINAM) de los sectores Jr. Alfonso Ugarte y Jr. Victoria Vásquez del Distrito de Morales Departamento de San Martin, los monitoreo se ha realizado teniendo en cuenta los procedimientos que nos indica el “Protocolo de monitoreo de calidad de aire y gestión de datos” elaborado por la DIGESA (2005). El equipo que se utilizó es un equipo Hivol PM2.5 de alto volumen el tipo de investigación es no experimental descriptivo comparativo de corte trassectorial porque determina el grado de relación de variables de estudio. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos la concentración de partículas PM2.5 registradas en los punto de monitoreo Jr. Alfonso Ugarte y Jr. Victoria Vásquez realizados del 03 al 14 de octubre del 2016  registraron concentraciones (12.8 μg/m3, 20.8 μg/m3, 14.2 μg/m3, 10.7 μg/m3 y 22.5 μg/m3, 18.4 μg/m3, 19.2 μg/m3, 12.7 μg/m3) estos valores no excedieron  al nivel de referencia 25 μg/m3 establecido por la normativa nacional de estándares de calidad de aire D.S N.° 003-2008 MINAM, también se han comparados con el índice de calidad de aire, teniendo como resultado el nivel de riesgo de color amarillo y color verde obteniendo una calificación moderada y buena, se puede interpretar que la calidad del aire es aceptable y cumple con el ECA, se puede realizar actividades al aire libre y con restricciones para los pobladores sensibles.
Using your cart in iMicrobe v1
Authors: J J. Ponsero Alise
Published: August 2018

Exploring the possibilities of cart saving, storing and retrieving in iMicrobe
Adaptif Öğrenme Sözlüğü Temelli Duygu Analiz Algoritması Önerisi
Authors: KARAÖZ Burcu , GÜRSOY U. Tuğba
Published: August 2018

Teknolojik ilerlemeler bilinen anlamdaki veri kavramını geliştirmekte ve
çeşitli tipte, büyük boyutlarda veri setlerini ulaşılabilir kılmaktadır.
Özellikle kişisel cihazların ve sosyal medya kanallarının yaygınlaşması ile
bireyler yaşamları ve duyguları hakkında çeşitli bilgiler paylaşmaktadırlar. Bu
da araştırmacılara anket gibi tekniklerle elde edilmesi güç boyutlarda veri
sağlayan kaynaklar oluşmasını sağlamaktadır. Metin verileri de hem sosyal medya
aracılığı ile en çok biriken veri çeşidinden biri olması hem de içerdiği
duygular bakımından önem taşımaktadır. Kişilerin duygularını ifade etmek veya
görüşlerini bildirmek amacıyla yazdıkları metinlerin analiz edilerek anlamlı
bilgilere dönüştürülmesi ve değer yaratılması veri analitiğinin amaçlarından birisidir.
Bu doğrultuda veri setinin analizi kadar çıktıların yorumlanarak değer
yaratılması da büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu amaçla çalışmada çıktıları
yorumlayabilecek fakat yazılım altyapısı güçlü olmayan araştırmacıların da
kolaylıkla faydalanabileceği bir model önerilmiştir. Böylece çıktıların değer
bulacağı işletme, ekonomi ve sosyoloji gibi sosyal bilimler alanlarından
araştırmacıların gelişen teknoloji ve veri setlerini değerlendirmesi
hedeflenmiştir. Yarı denetimli öğrenme ile pozitif ve negatif duygu sözlükleri
genişletilmiş sözlük temelli duygu analizi tekniği kullanılan ve performansı
yüksek, uygulama anlamında çeşitli düzeyde yazılım bilgisine sahip kişilere
hitap eden bir duygu analizi modeli sunulmuştur.
TBMM Genel Kurul Tutanaklarından Yakın Anlamlı Kavramların Çıkarılması
Authors: Polat Hüseyin , Körpe Mesut
Published: August 2018

Yakın anlamlı kavramların bulunması, kavramın
bir derlemdeki semantik anlamını yakalamamızı ve kavramın hangi bağlamda
kullanıldığını elde etmemizi sağlar. Kelime Uzayı Modeli; anlamsal olarak
benzer kelimeleri, vektör uzayında bir birine yakın dağılımla gösteren bir
modeldir. Her bir kelimenin bir vektörle temsil edildiği bu modelde oluşan
kelime vektörleri kelime yerleştirme (Word Embeddings) olarak adlandırılır. Kelime
vektörleri metin analizi gerçekleştiren özellikle yapay sinir ağlarını temel
alan Doğal Dil İşleme (DDİ) sistemlerinde girdi olarak kullanılır. Bu çalışmada,
veri seti olarak TBMM Genel Kurul görüşme tutanakları kullanılmış, Word2vec modeli ve GloVe modeli ile kelime
vektörleri çıkarılmıştır. Elde
edilen kelime vektörleri kullanılarak TBMM Genel Kurul tutanaklarında geçen
herhangi bir kavrama en yakın anlamlı kavramlar bulunmuştur. Literatürdeki
benzer çalışmalarda iki farklı kelime yerleştirme modellerinin bir kavramı
tamamen farklı bağlamda değerlendirdiği duruma rastlanılmamıştır. Bu çalışma
sonucunda, Word2vec ve GloVe modellerinin çıktılarının bir kavramın farklı
bağlamlarda kullanımını bulmak için değerlendirilebileceği görülmüştür. Çalışmada
derleme özgü analojilerin her iki modelde de bulunabildiği görülmüştür. Bu
çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar TBMM Genel Kurul tutanaklarında arama yaparken benzer kavramların
anahtar kelime olarak önerilmesi için kullanılacaktır.
REFLEXIVITY AS DETERMINANT OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF MAN’S INNER WORLD
Authors: KARPOV A. V. , BORONOVA T. A.
Published: August 2018

In the article, the property of reflexivity is regarded as a de- terminator of the structural organization of the inner world of man.  On the basis of the structuralpsychological analysis, differences in  the organization of the inner world in the groups of subjects with  high, low and medium levels of reflection are shown. It is established  that the differences in the structure of the inner world  at high, medium and low levels of reflection are qualitatively  original, characterized by heterogeneity, this is evidenced by  calculations of systemic divergence and convergence indices. It is shown, on the basis of the calculation of the organization's index  of organization, that the structure of the inner world, with a high  level of reflexivity, is more coherent and stable. It is ascertained that  the capacity of the system to tolerate the state of psychological  heterostasis, the emergence of its heterostasis  organization, is growing in proportion to the growth of reflectivity. It  is stated that, with a high level of reflection, the system of the inner  world gains the ability, while preserving the general stability and  stability to generate the systemic nature, and along with it,  independently enrich and structure itself, and generate systemic.
SEPARATED DAGHESTAN NATIONALITIES (THE LEZGINS, THE TSAKHURS, THE AVARS): POPULATION AND SETTLEMENT PATTERN IN THE END OF THE XIX CENTURY THE BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURIES
Authors: RAMAZANOVA D. Sh.
Published: August 2018

Being the part of Russia throughout different periods Daghestan had  various administrative and political status (as an oblast being the  part of the empire) an autonomous Republic of the RSFSR (USSR),  as a Republic of the Russian Federation. Upon that, the borders of  Russia as a state were set without regard for the interests of the  nationalities, populating it, but taking into account the interests of  the state exclusively. In the XIX century this policy gave birth to the problem of separation among daghestani nationalities (the  Lezgins, the Tsakhurs, the Avars, the Kumyks) and the Nogais as  well as in 1922-1923 their territory was included on the list of  nationalities – the members of the Daghestan Autonomous Soviet  Socialist Republic, but later it was the issue of exchanges between  the RSFSR subjects. If the problem under discussion was topical  within administrative and territorial borders of the Russian State,  then, by the end of the 20th century it had the status of interstate  problem – the first 3 of the enumerated nationalities were separated  by state borders with the neighboring states of Azerbaijan and the  Republic of Georgia. With the reference to the literary sources and  the results of the demographic census, the author of the article  shows the population changes and the settlement of the Lezgins, the Tsakhurs and the Avars in the Caucasian region in the end of the  20th the beginning of the 21st centuries, continuing the article  serves on the problem of separation among Daghestan nationalities.  In 2011 the problems of the Avars from the Kvarelski region in  Georgia were discussed in the article published in “Izvestya Daghestanskogo Pedagogicheskogo universiteta”, where as  in 2018 the problems of the Nogais, separated by administrative  borders of the Russian Federation subjects on the North Caucasus  were discussed on the pages of the magazine “Society: philosophy,  history, culture”. All the above mentioned ethnic communities are  officially labeled as “title (subject-forming) nationalities” in the  contemporary Republic of Daghestan.
PREPAREDNESS OF THE MOUNTAIN JEWS FOR INTER-ETHNIC COMMUNICATION: INTEGRATION POTENTIAL AND CONFLICT ZONES
Authors: SHAKHBANOVA M. M. , ZAGIROVA E. M. , SEYIDOVA G. N.
Published: August 2018

The results of a sociological study of the interethnic attitudes of  Mountain Jews are showed in this article. The process of ethnic- contacting was described. We considered attitudes towards  maintaining interethnic contact in their mass consciousness. It is  showed their cultural distance in various spheres of interethnic  communication. We showed the orientation of Mountain Jews on  interethnic communication through the establishment of the  frequency and intensity of ethnic-contacts, their evaluation by the  respondents themselves, the characteristics of the attractiveness of  spheres of interpersonal interaction by sociological analysis. We  established the contradictory nature of the interethnic interaction of  Mountain Jews on the basis of empirical information. There is the  orientation toward interethnic communication on the one hand and a certain degree of self-isolation on the other. It was revealed that  various factors influence the formation of institutions for  international communication. It should be to note the educational  process in the family, the level of education, social and ethnic space,  state national policy, the microenvironment in the working collective,   the ethnic stereotypes in the mass consciousness,  prejudices and personal life experience. The conducted study shows  positive perception and evaluation of interethnic communication, the  orientation towards maintaining ethnical contacts in the mass  consciousness of Mountain Jews. It is the basis for the formation of a  positive, normal ethnic identity, thanks to which interethnic tolerance and interethnic harmony in a multinational environment are formed.
GERMANY THROUGH THE PRISM OF RUSSIAN PROPAGANDA POSTCARDS FROM WORLD WAR I
Authors: MIRONOVA E. V.
Published: August 2018

Our perception of the world and current events is formed through  diverse and often contradictory sources. It is always amended and  augmented throughout the unceasing process of information  consumption. Since the beginning of the XX century this process has  been more and more governed by images. That is why the  great powers drawn in the Great War were actively using visual  materials for propaganda purposes: to steer their people towards  confrontation and to create “the image of the enemy”. The issue “construction of an enemy” does not lose its relevance due to  the fact that today’s media wars propaganda principles and  techniques are still the same as they were one hundred years ago.  The article describes the milestones of the enemy image creation  and gives a thorough analysis of Russian propaganda postcards from the World War I in order to outline the key features of German  enemy figure. The emphasis is made on the idea that the image of  Germany is ambivalent: the country and its citizens were pictured  differently. The postcards serve as sources of the current study since they were one of the main means of communication during the war  time and one of the most effective propaganda tools: people used to  distribute the postcards themselves, thus creating an emotional  bond between the recipient and the image on the front side. The  novelty of the research is attributable to the fact that this issue has  not been considered through the prism of historical imagology.
The experience of neural network prediction of the need for surgical treatment in patients with the diseases of hepatopancreatoduodenal zone
Authors: Lazarenko V A , Zarubina T V , Antonov A E , Sood S
Published: August 2018

Aim. Using multilayer perceptron artificial neural network, to develop a mathematical model for predicting the need for surgical intervention in patients admitted for hepatopancreatoduodenal zone diseases and to assess the capabilities for its clinical application.

Methods. The study was performed using the data of 488 patients with peptic ulcer, cholecystitis or pancreatitis, analyzed using multilayer perceptron artificial neural network, trained to distinguish vectors of data on risk factors of patients who did or did not require surgical intervention during current hospitalization.

Results. Patients in the training sample who had required surgical intervention during hospitalization were different from patients who had undergone conservative treatment by such characteristics as gender, age, duration of the disease, state on admission, and the structure of risk factors. The acquired data made it possible to train the artificial neural network. The ROC analysis of the mathematical model demonstrated the area under the curve (AUC) equal to 0.880 for the training group (n=385) and 0.739 for the clinical approbation group (n=103).

Conclusion. The AUC indicators of the created model can be characterized as very good in terms of predicting the need for surgical treatment in the training group and good for the clinical approbation group: sensitivity and specificity of the model exceed 80% in the training group and are highest in patients with peptic ulcer disease; in the clinical approbation group these parameters were lower as expected, however, remained at the level of 60-70%.
Enamel and dentin microhardness of deciduous and permanent teeth formed in fluoride-iodine deficiency
Authors: Akhmedbeyli R M
Published: August 2018

Aim. To study the microhardness of enamel and dentin of deciduous and permanent teeth formed in fluoride-iodine deficiency.

Methods. Enamel and dentin microhardness was examined on sections of 47 deciduous and 43 permanent teeth. Six topographic zones were examined on each tooth section, 24 imprints were performed. Enamel and dentin microhardness was determined on PMT-3M device and by Vicker’s Hardness Test with a load of 50 g for 5 seconds.

Results. Enamel and dentin microhardness of permanent teeth is higher than that of deciduous ones. In the surface layer of enamel the microhardness of permanent teeth is 2.33-2.09 times higher compared to deciduous teeth (in incisors - by 2.24 times, canines - by 2.09 times, molars - by 2.33 times); 2.25-1.94 times higher in the middle layer (in incisors - by 2.17 times, canines - by 1.94 times, molars - by 2.25 times); 2.15-1.89 times higher in the enamel layer at the enamel-dentine junction (in incisors - by 2.15 times, canines - by 1.89 times, molars - by 2.03 times). In the dentin layer at the enamel-dentin junction, dentin microhardness of permanent teeth is 1.90-1.71 times higher than of deciduous ones (in incisors - by 1.78 times, canines - by 1.71 times, molars - by 1.90 times); 2.14-2.0 times higher in the middle dentin layer (in incisors - by 2.08 times, canines - by 2.0 times, in molars - by 2.14 times); 2.05-1.71 times higher in the near-pulp layer (in incisors - by 2.05 times, canines - by 1.71 times, molars - by 1.87 times).

Conclusion. Enamel and dentin microhardness of deciduous and permanent teeth formed in fluoride-iodine deficiency varies considerably; microhardness of hard tissues of permanent teeth is approximately 2 times higher than that of deciduous teeth.
Issues of conservative treatment of patients with flatfoot
Authors: Sheveleva N I , Dubovikhin A A
Published: August 2018

Flatfoot is the most common foot disease, the prevalence of which is 30-70% according to many authors. Planovalgus foot deformity asymptomatically existing for a long time can further lead to pain syndrome and limping, sensitivity disorders, trophic disorders, limitation of foot joints mobility, development of arthritic changes with corresponding progression of the function impairment. Timely initiation of treatment, complex pathogenetic and symptomatic therapy as well as strict adherence to the doctor's recommendations help to achieve maximum effect. The aims of treatment of patients with flatfoot are posture stabilization and support of overloaded zones of the plantar surface, improvement of supply of the foot and musculoskeletal apparatus, as well as foot joints, and reduction of pain syndrome. Despite the prevalence of pathology, as well as a wide range of methods of treatment and rehabilitation, conservative treatment does not always lead to a positive result and the problem remains unresolved. This literature review describes the main directions of conservative therapy of patients with flatfoot from the view of evidence-based medicine. The data on the use of special ortheses and orthopedic shoes for correcting the foot deformities are discussed with a description of possible complications. The main forms of exercise therapy used to stabilize the foot muscles tonus, are analyzed. The application of physiotherapeutic factors aimed at improving trophic and blood supply of tissues, as well as strengthening of the musculoskeletal apparatus of the lower legs and feet, is described. Data on the use of complex conservative treatment of patients with flatfoot are presented. The article also focuses on the use of drug therapy as part of the complex treatment.
Clinical social characteristics of patients seeking psychotherapeutic care
Authors: Gatin F F , Orlov F V , Alexeeva I N
Published: August 2018

Aim. The study of social characteristics of patients seeking psychotherapeutic care as well as mental disorders and psychological problems that affected psychotherapeutic encounter.

Methods. 160 subjects (45 males and 115 females) aged 18 to 70 years were examined seeking psychotherapeutic care in Psychotherapeutic Center of Cheboksary. Using the method of continuous sampling by means of a questionnaire specially designed in the Psychotherapeutic Center of Cheboksary for collecting sociodemographic and ethno-cultural data, the social characteristics of patients who consulted a therapist were studied. Mental disorders and psychological problems that affected psychotherapeutic encounter were determined by outpatient records. Statistical processing was carried out using descriptive statistics (mean value - M, standard deviation - SD), χ2 distribution.

Results. Most of those seeking psychotherapeutic care were urban residents with higher and incomplete higher education aged 18 to 30 years, who considered Russian as their native language. Females seek care three times more often, they are mostly married, often divorced and widowed; among males bachelors prevail. About half of respondents sought therapists independently, more often they were healthy people with psychological problems. Only a fifth of respondents consulted a therapist according to the recommendation of a general practitioner, many of them had borderline mental disorders. Patients with schizophrenia and schizotypal disorder are often advised to consult a psychotherapist by relatives, friends and acquaintances. When consulting a therapist, about third of the respondents considered themselves as sick, while only one fifth of those who applied to solve psychological problems, were recognized as healthy by psychotherapists.

Conclusion. Patients seeking psychotherapeutic care differ by sex, marital status, age, level of education, place of residence, religion, employment, nationality; when applying for psychotherapeutic care many respondents were not prone to consider themselves as sick; in most cases psychotherapists qualified their condition as a mental disorder.
State of health of children in Russia, priorities of its preservation and improving
Authors: Baranov A A , Albitskiy V Yu
Published: August 2018

Aim. Analysis of the main tendencies in the state of health of children in Russia in 2011-2016 and representation of priorities in its preservation.

Methods. The official statistical data characterizing the state of health of the children’s population aged 0-17 years were used: birth rate, population of this age, physical development, incidence, disability, mortality.

Results. In general, positive tendencies in the state of health of children and teenagers are observed. The high ratio of children with normal level of physical development was noted. According to routine medical examinations, more than one third of the examined children are healthy. Growth of the general and primary incidence among children of all age groups has stopped. The incidence of socially important diseases (tuberculosis, syphilis, gonococcal infection, alcoholism, drug addiction and inhalant abuse) among children and teenagers is reducing, level of newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus infection has stabilized. Mortality from the majority of main causes among children of all age groups, especially during the first year of life, has significantly decreased. However, the level of primary and general disability of children aged 0-17 years remains stable.

Conclusion. The current priorities of children’s health care are health problems of teenagers, children’s disability, implementation of preventive medical care for children in primary care setting, improvement of medical rehabilitation, optimization of the system of medical social care to children’s population.
Clinical cases of surgical treatment of bowel infarction caused by acute mesenteric ischemia combined with colon cancer
Authors: Akhmetzyanov F Sh , Valiev N A , Egorov V I , Rozengarten M V , Burba D V
Published: August 2018

The article contains description of such serious pathology in emergency surgery as bowel infarction caused by acute mesenteric ischemia in two patients with colorectal cancer admitted to Tatarstan regional clinical cancer center. Patients were admitted for emergency indications with the clinic of an acute abdomen. Both patients underwent an emergency surgery of laparotomy, enterectomy with colon resection and anastomosis. Both patients had satisfactory immediate postoperative results. One patient died 8 months later due to the progression of the underlying disease, the second one is alive to the present day with a satisfactory quality of life and the only complain of frequent loose bowel movements. Most patients with acute mesenteric ischemia are operated on with trial diagnostic laparotomy, and mortality rate for this pathology reaches 90% or more. The presented clinical cases familiarize physicians with an opportunity of successful surgical treatment of patients with acute mesenteric ischemia combined with colon cancer and demonstate expediency and need for surgical interventions with extensive colon resection.
Our experience of ipsilateral lobar lymph node dissection in lung cancer
Authors: Gilmetdinov A F , Potanin V P
Published: August 2018

Aim. Development of the technique for performing ipsilateral lobar lymph node dissection.

Methods. Ipsilateral lobar lymph node dissection was performed in 40 patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer when performing radical surgical treatment (lung resection with systematic lymph node dissection). First of all, ipsilateral lobar lymph node dissection was performed on the lung sample after pneumonectomy. After having developed the technique, dissection was performed during lobectomy through thoracotomy access. After having mastered the technique of performing dissection through thoracotomy access, ipsilateral lobar lymph node dissection was performed during lobectomy through thoracoscopic access (initially double-port, then uniportal one). The lobar lymph nodes are located along lobar bronchi and are directly adjacent to them (in proximity to the vessels of the lung), most of them are surrounded by pulmonary tissue without surrounding fat and are covered with a thin fascial layer. The absence of surrounding fatty tissue and close proximity of vascular structures technically complicate lymph node dissection of this group. Due to the described features, ipsilateral lobar lymph node dissection was considered in two main aspects: from the point of view of access to this group of lymph nodes and the technique of their dissection.

Results. The technique of performing ipsilateral lobar lymph node dissection is similar to the stages of mobilization of bronchial structures in lobectomy and segmentectomy, however, it has a number of peculiarities associated first of all with the novelty of the proposed technique presented in this aspect for the first time. It is feasible for any lobar location, but is laborious in left-sided upper lobectomy. This technique is adapted for videothoracoscopy and can be successfully performed in both uniportal and double-port videothoracoscopic lobectomy.

Conclusion. The technique of performing ipsilateral lobar lymph node dissection was developed, which is reproducible in case of thoracotomy and videotoracoscopic access.