bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leading–Edge Portable Biosensors and Biomarkers Development for Raman Biospectroscopy and Imaging in Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Heidari Alireza , Torfeh Zahra , Iorgulescu Sophia , Robinson Olivia , Hu Lin , Vauclin Charlotte , Schiltz Ntalie , Sondermann Scarlett , MacLennan Lucy , Smith Julia , Williamson Lydia
Published: December 2022

Raman spectroscopy is an important method for identifying molecules, which is widely used in determining the chemical and structural characteristics of various substances. Many materials have a special Raman spectrum, so that this phenomenon has turned the Raman device into an efficient tool for studying the structural and chemical properties of molecules. Since it is possible to obtain detailed information about the chemical and structural characteristics of biological compounds from Raman spectroscopy, the use of this method is rapidly expanding in the field of life sciences, especially in biological and medical studies. There is no need for special, time–consuming and expensive preparations in the study of materials with the help of a Raman device. In the protein Raman spectrum, distinct bands arise from the vibrational states of the peptide backbone and amino acid side chains. Therefore, based on the position and intensity of the protein's Raman spectrum, it is possible to obtain valuable information about its second, third, and fourth structures. Also, the Raman spectrum of the protein contains information about the orientation and surrounding environment of the amino acid side chains. The correct formation of the disulfide bond in the protein structure can also be studied with the help of the Raman device. In general, the Raman spectrum of proteins contains multiple discrete bands that represent the vibrational states of the molecule and is used as a selective fingerprint to accurately determine the three–dimensional structure of proteins, intramolecular dynamics, and intermolecular interactions.
Dermatoscopic “Mimickers” of Basal Cell Carcinoma - Adnexal Skin Tumors
Authors: Berisha Reihane , Dzokic Djordje
Published: December 2022

Background: Adnexal skin tumors (AST) are numerous and various, and in their appearance give dermoscopic and clinical features similar to basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Differential diagnosis is difficult, as clinical alteration seems insufficient to distinguish between BCC and many skin lesions that mimic BCC. However, the validity and usefulness of dermatoscopic criteria enable differentiation between BCC and AST. The purpose of this paper was to present the basic dermatoscopic criteria for diagnosis of BCC as well as minimally invasive methods for treatment and clinical management, with a better aesthetic outcome. Methods and Results: This study consisted of a retrospective review of 50 skin lesions collected in our institution over a 3-year period. We analyzed the dermoscopic images of 29 skin lesions with a clinical diagnosis of BCC and 21 cases with a clinical diagnosis of AST. All lesions were assessed for the presence of various dermatoscopic criteria using a manual photo dermatoscopy system DermLite (DermLite 3, Gen). Each case was evaluated by the presence of dermatoscopic features. We compared dermatoscopic and clinical features between the BCC and AST groups. In the AST group, there were 5(23.8%) premalignant and 16(76.2%) benign lesions. Compared to the AST group, the BCC group had a significantly higher frequency of dermatoscopic features (vascular pattern, ulceration, and additional dermatoscopic features). All lesions included in this study showed more than one of the following characteristics of BCC: arborizing vessels, short fine telangiectasia, translucency, ulceration, blue-gray globules, flecked pigmentation, and rolled borders. Cutaneous lesions with 2 or fewer dermatoscopic features of BCC were much more likely to be an adnexal tumor. Conclusion: The results of this study could be valuable for the differential diagnosis of BCC and BCC-mimicking cutaneous lesions, because dermatoscopy can be especially helpful in better describing, recognizing, and differentiating these lesions.
Predicting Dynamic Effects of Large Earthquakes in Areas of Degrading Permafrost (Baikal-Mongolia Region)
Authors: Dzhurik V.I. , Bryzhak E.V. , Batsayhan Ts. , Serebrennikov S.P.
Published: December 2022

—The study addresses basic problems of modern geodynamics and seismicity of the Central Asian lithosphere. It aims at predicting dynamic effects of large earthquakes for seismic safety of the Baikal–Mongolia region. Special focus is made on the seismic behavior of areas where seismic risk zoning is problematic because of permafrost. The paper presents synthesis of previous and new data on ground responses to large earthquakes in specific territories of the Baikal–Mongolia region with complex cryological conditions. The results include shaking intensity patterns and predicted seismic parameter values for degraded permafrost in zones of different climates and seismicity levels. The obtained prediction maps can make reference in studies of variable permafrost responses to temperature, seismic, and mining-related impacts.
Global Hypertension Guidelines; Are Central Haemodynamics Critical and Neglected?
Authors: Phillips Robert , Carlier Stéphane , Scalia Alessandro , Brierley Joe
Published: December 2022

Background: Hypertension (HTN) is an elevated blood pressure (BP) compared to normative data. However, physiologically it is a product of the central haemodynamic variables of stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) (BP = (SV x HR) x SVR). Multiple global clinical guidelines recommend anti-hypertensive therapy to reduce BP, yet effective BP control of people diagnosed with HTN remains persistently dismal at ~25% while central haemodynamics are ignored. BP is a cornerstone of HTN practice, yet is an insensitive measure of circulation and sheds little light on the critical therapeutic central haemodynamic variables of SV, CO and SVR, and ultimately may limit our understanding of the pathophysiology of HTN and its management.
Methods: Word searches were conducted on Australian, Canadian, Chinese, European, Japanese, Singaporean, UK, US and International hypertension guidelines using the Adobe or Microsoft word count function, with specific searches made for BP, and central haemodynamic parameters, and the results tabulated.
Results: A total of 695 pages and 478,537 words were published in nine HTN guidelines by representative global organisations, with BP parameters mentioned 7,535 times, and central haemodynamic parameters mentioned 47 times. All guidelines recommended BP target values and pressure-led therapies, while no central haemodynamic targets were noted.
Conclusions: Although physiologically core to the aetiology and treatment of HTN, central haemodyanmic parameters are ignored in current practice guidelines. Poor global outcomes suggest the inclusion of central haemodynamics in everyday practice may improve our understanding of HTN and facilitate the delivery of precise anti-hypertensive therapy.
Recovery of proliferative fibroblast cells from refrigerated sheep skin after different postmortem time intervals and their characterization
Authors: Singh Mahipal , Ma Xiaoling
Published: December 2022

Background
Postmortem tissues are a potential source of stem/progenitor cells for cellular therapies, preservation of germplasm and revival of endangered and/or dead species by cloning. How long they can be recovered after animal death, however, is not known precisely. The objective of this study was to evaluate the window of postmortem interval (PMI) within which live and proliferative cells can be recovered from refrigerated sheep skin. Ear skin was procured from animals from slaughterhouse and stored at 4°C in the lab. Small explants (2–3 mm2) were then cultured in DMEM media supplemented with 10% FBS, 50 units/mL of penicillin, 50 µg/mL of streptomycin, and 2.5 µg/mL of fungizone after different PMI. Outgrowth of cells around the explants was scored after 10–12 days of culture at 37°C in a CO2 incubator and cells from selected PMI were sub-cultured for 3–5 times and characterized with respect to their growth profiles, genetic stability, cryopreservation ability and gene expression.
Results
A total of 474 explants adhered to dish surface, of which 369 (77.89%) exhibited outgrowth in various PMI including 34.79% of 65-days postmortem (dpm) interval. We observed recovery of proliferative cells up to a maximum of 65 days of PMI. Percent of explants exhibiting outgrowth as well as relative confluence of outgrowing cells decreased with increasing PMI. Comparative Growth Curves and GFP expression patterns, upon transfection with a GFP plasmid, were not significantly different in 0-dpm and 65-dpm cell populations (p < 0.05). Recovered cells cryopreserved with > 80% post-freezing cell-viability and were passaged up to 35 times in in vitro cultures. The cytogenetic analysis of 65-dpm tissue derived cells exhibited a normal female sheep karyotype without any genetic aberrations.
Conclusions
These results show that normal proliferative cells can be recovered from sheep skin up to about 2 months postmortem, if tissues are kept refrigerated. To our knowledge this is the first report of recovering proliferative cells from mammalian tissues up to such a long time of > 2 months after death. The discovery has potential applications in preserving veterinary and livestock germplasm after death to revive in future by cloning as well as in cellular therapies in human and veterinary medicine.
Association of prenatal exposure to opioids, cannabis, and polysubstance use with cord blood DNA methylation patterns in a multiancestry cohort
Authors: Garrison-Desany Henri , Howerton Ellen , Hong Xiumei , Maher Brion , Pearson Colleen , Zuckerman Barry , Wang Guoying , Fallin M. Daniele , Beaty Terri , Liang Liming , Wang Xiaobin , Ladd-Acosta Christine
Published: December 2022

Background: Blood DNA methylation patterns are highly predictive of prenatal exposure to smoking and differential methylation has been associated with maternal alcohol use. We extended this to determine whether DNA methylation patterns in cord blood are associated with prenatal exposure to opioid, cannabis, and polysubstance use. We also evaluated whether DNA methylation patterns have predictive utility.
Methods: We examined 932 mother-child pairs in the Boston Birth Cohort between 1998-2020 with cord blood DNA methylation and maternal substance use data. For each substance, we performed adjusted linear regression analysis at 865,859 CpG sites to identify related methylation changes. We generated scores using summary statistics for each exposure and assessed predictive ability using cross-validation and receiver operating characteristic curves. Specificity of methylation associations was evaluated by assessing overlap across exposure summary statistics, and using logistic regression for methylation scores, adjusted for concurrent use.
Results: We identified methylation changes at 72, 21, and 1 novel CpG associated with prenatal exposure to opioids, cannabis, and polysubstance use respectively, at epigenome-wide significance (P<1e-6). Comparing CpGs across exposure groups and with previous consortia-generated summary statistics for smoking and alcohol revealed few overlapping CpGs across exposures. Methylation scores were highly predictive and exposure-specific, with area under the curve accuracy of 91% for opioids, 90% for cannabis, and 93%-98% depending on polysubstance number.
Conclusion: We identified novel DNA methylation differences in cord blood associated with prenatal exposure and showed that methylation scores are highly predictive of substance exposures. These CpGs provide biologic insights for reducing the impact of substance exposure. These findings may serve as a biomarker of prenatal substance exposure for future studies and potential clinical utility.
Three Contactless Sleep Technologies Compared with Polysomnography and Actigraphy in a Heterogenous Group of Older Men and Women in a Model of Mild Sleep Disturbance
Authors: RAVINDRAN KIRAN KUMAR GURUSWAMY , Monica Ciro della , Atzori Giuseppe , Lambert Damion , Hassanin Hana , Revell Victoria , Dijk Derk-Jan
Published: December 2022

Contactless sleep technologies hold promise for longitudinal, unobtrusive sleep monitoring in health and disease at scale, but few have been evaluated in older people. The performance of three contactless sleep technologies (a bedside radar [Somnofy] and two under-mattress devices [Withings sleep analyser and Emfit-QS]) were compared to polysomnography and actigraphy [Actiwatch Spectrum] in a sleep laboratory study during a 10-hour time in bed period which induced mild sleep disturbance. The data were collected in a group of older men and women (n=35; 70.8±4.9 years; 14 women) several of whom had health problems and/or sleep apnoea. We conducted a comprehensive and rigorous evaluation of the devices involving estimation of robust performance metrics (both sleep summary and epoch by epoch concordance) for classification of sleep vs wake and NREM and REM sleep stages. All devices overestimated total sleep time and the sleep stage estimation was unsatisfactory in this group of older people in whom sleep efficiency was relatively low. Our findings indicate that even though these devices provide some useful information on sleep behaviour, the performance of contactless sleep technologies requires improvement before they can serve as an alternative to polysomnography and actigraphy for estimating most sleep variables in older individuals.
The Fall and Rise of Cosmic Dust in SN 2018evt
Authors: Wang Lingzhi , Hu Maokai , Wang Lifan , Yang Yi , Yang Jiawen , Gomez Haley , Chen Sijie , Hu Lei , Chen Ting-Wan , Mo Jun , Wang Xiaofeng , Baade Dietrich , Maund Justyn , Hoeflich Peter , Wheeler J. Craig , Pignata Giuliano , Burke Jamison , Hiramatsu Daichi , Howell D. Andrew , McCully Curtis , Pellegrino Craig , Galbany Lluís , Hsiao Eric , Sand David , Zhang Jujia , Uddin Syed , Anderson Joseph , Ashall chris , Cheng Cheng , Gromadzki Mariusz , Inserra Cosimo , Lin Han , Morrell Nidia , Morales-Garoffolo Antonia , M\”uller-Bravo Tom\’as , Nicholl Matt , Gonzalez Este Padilla , Phillips Mark , Pineda-Garcia J. , Sai Hanna , Smith Mat , Shahbandeh Melissa , Srivas Shubham , Stritzinger Maximilian , Yang Sheng , Young David , Yu Lixin , Zhang Xinhan
Published: December 2022

The amount of cosmic dust contributed by stellar sources in galaxies at all cosmic epochs remains a controversial topic, particularly whether or not supernovae (SNe) have an important role to play given the dust-hostile environments provided by SNe. To date, freshly-formed dust has been observed in a handful of core collapse (CC) SNe, both in the ejecta in-situ and in the interactions between the ejecta and circumstellar medium (CSM). As yet, there exists no clear observational evidence for dust formation in Type Ia SNe despite predictions of $3×10^{-4}$- $0.2$ Msun of dust forming per Ia. Here we report evidence of dust formation in the ejecta-CSM interaction in the Type Ia (SNIa) SN2018evt just three years after the explosion, characterized by a staggering rise in the mid-infrared (MIR) flux accompanied by an accelerated decline in the optical. This hypothesis is strengthened by the concurrent evolution of the profiles of the Hα emission lines. A preexisting hydrogen-rich torus which itself may be dusty before the SN explosion, provides a natural explanation of the observed data. SN 2018evt is the first SNIa with clear evidence of both dust destruction and formation in its ejecta and surroundings. The amount of the newly formed dust follows a steep power law rise of index 4 with time after the explosion. This steep rise indicates that the newly formed dust is formed in the SN ejecta, which is compressed by the shock interaction with the CSM.
High sensitivity of photodetection via fermion to boson condensation
Authors: Huang Zhiming , Wu Tuntan , Qiu Qinxi , Li Yongzhen , Zhou Qiangguo , Ma Wanli , Li Jingbo , Jiang Lin , Zhou Wei
Published: December 2022

Boson exhibits neutral charge property and negligible contribution to electrical transport. Therefore, it is very significant to enhance the electrical performance of optoelectronics. However, it is difficult to utilize the bosonic behaviors in photodetection due to its fermionic quantum statistical distribution, which is quite different to that of bosons. Herein, we realize a high sensitivity of photodetection via fermion to boson condensation in layered titanium selenide (TiSe2) under rapid and slow cooling procedures. The bosonic condensation, revealed by creative combination of the temperature-dependent electromagnetic induced well (EIW) effect and the resistance of TiSe2, obviously not only decreases the fermionic carrier concentration but also improves its mobility. The noise equivalent power NEP in terahertz waveband based on EIW effect is 35.45 fW·Hz-1/2, 4.53 fW·Hz-1/2 and 2.25 fW·Hz-1/2 at 0.252 THz, 0.14 THz and 0.027 THz, respectively, which shows one order of magnitude enhancement attributed to the excellent performance increase of electrical transport after bosonic condensation. Moreover, the detectivity D* in visible and infrared bands based on photoconductive effect has threefold improvement compared to no bosonic condensation. Our results provide an approach to realize low noise transport from fermion to boson condensation and pave a way for extremely sensitive photodetection in broad bands.
Are we really targeting and stimulating DLPFC by placing tES electrodes over F3/F4?
Authors: Ekhtiari Hamed , Soleimani Ghazaleh , Kuplicki Rayus , Camchong Jazmin , Opitz Alexander , Paulus Martin , Lim Kelvin
Published: December 2022

Background: Most transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) clinical trials place target electrodes over DLPFC based on the assumption that it would mainly stimulate the underlying brain region. Here, we assessed delivered electric fields (EF) using a symmetric and asymmetric DLPFC stimulation montage to identify additional prefrontal regions that are inadvertently targeted beyond DLPFC.
Methods: Head models were generated from the human connectome project database's T1+T2-weighted MRIs of 80 healthy adults. Two common DLPFC montages (symmetric: F4/F3, asymmetric: F4/Fp1 with 5×7cm electrodes, 2mA intensity) were simulated. Averaged EF was extracted from (1) the center of the target electrode (F4), and (2) the top 1% of voxels that showed the strongest EF in individualized EF maps. Inter-individual variabilities were quantified with standard deviation (SD) of EF peak location and value. These steps were replicated with 66 participants with methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) as an independent clinical population.
Results: In the healthy adults, EFs in the frontopolar area were significantly higher than EF “under” the target electrode in both symmetric (peak:0.41±0.06, F4:0.22±0.04) and asymmetric (peak:0.38±0.04, F4:0.2±0.04) montages (Heges’g>0.7). Group-level location for EF peaks in MNI space was located in the medial-frontopolar cortex, such that individualized EF peaks were placed in a cube with a volume of symmetric/asymmetric: 29cm3/46cm3. Similar results (with slight between-group differences) were found for MUDs that highlighted the role of the medial frontopolar cortex in both healthy and clinical populations.
Conclusions: We highlighted that in common DLPFC tES montages, DLPFC was not maximally targeted and the frontopolar area was the area that received the highest EFs. Considering inter-individual and inter-groups variability, we specifically recommended that the frontopolar role should be considered as a potential mechanism underlying the clinical efficacy of DLPFC stimulation.
Development and assessment of a nomogram for predicting the probability of achieving trifecta in patients with urolithiasis undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy
Authors: Luo Shuhang , Wusimanjiang Wumier , Li Pengju , Yang Rui , Huang Bin , Chen Junxing , Zeng Qinsong
Published: December 2022

Background: The trifecta standard is a newly proposed criteria for evaluating the outcome of percutaneous nephrolithotomy, which take into account the capability of different PCNL techniques to fully clear renal stones and patient comfort and quality of life. Our purpose was to develop a novel nomogram to preoperatively predict the outcomes of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) based on the new concept, trifecta.
Methods: A total of 201 patients who received PCNL between June 2021 and June 2022 were included. The least absolute shrinkage and section operator (LASSO) method was used to select the optimal predictive features, and multivariable logistic regression analysis was utilized to construct a predictive model by incorporating the factors selected with the LASSO regression model. Discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness of the predictive model were assessed using the C-index, calibration plot, and decision curve analysis. Internal validation was assessed using bootstrapping validation.
Result: Factors included in the nomogram were urine culture result, aciduria, maximum cross-sectional area (CSA) of stone, stone amount, stone density, number of affected calices, lower calyx affected, and hydronephrosis degree. The model exhibited promising discrimination with a C-index of 0.781, and internal validation exhibited a C-index value of 0.747. Decision curve analysis showed the nomogram was clinically useful when intervention was decided at the achieving trifecta possibility threshold of 14%.
Conclusion: The nomogram developed exhibits a satisfactory predictive value for predicting the probability of achieving trifecta in patients undergoing PCNL. It may also assist in preoperative management to increase the probability of achieving trifecta.
Trial registration: ChiCTR2200055385, June 2021, retrospectively registered.
Diabetes Mellitus Are Less Likely to Aortic Dissection: A 5-Year Single-Center Analysis on independent risk factors of Aortic Dissection in Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Yang Xi , Chen Ling , Wu Jiang-bin , Chen Ke-yuan , Li Yu-mei , Chen Liang-wan
Published: December 2022

Background
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a severe risk factor in most cardiovascular diseases, but is negatively associated with the incidence of acute aortic dissection (AAD). The purpose of this study was to explore the independent risk factors for DM patients who are still with AAD and to establish a nomogram model to predict the risk of AAD in DM patients.
Methods
Clinical data on 364 DM patients who got surgical indications was collected from January 2016 to December 2021. These patients were divided into negative and positive cohorts according to the diagnosis of AAD. The logistic proportional hazards model was used to find out the risk factors related to DM patients with AAD. A nomogram was generated based on the contribution weights of the independent risk factors. AD mice model was constructed to verify related risk factors in vivo.
Results
Among 364 patients, AAD occurred in 25 (6.87%) patients. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that, after adjusting for confounders, preoperative LDH, hypertension, BMI, and coronary heart disease (CHD) were all positively associated with the risk of AAD in DM patients. (LDH: OR:1.003, 95% Cl: 1.001–1005, p = 0.002; CHD: OR:3.591, 95% Cl: 1.142–11.289, p = 0.029; Hypertension: OR:2.854, 95% Cl: 1.087–7.494, p = 0.033; BMI: OR:1.184, 95% Cl: 1.029–1362, p = 0.018). Pharmacological inhibition of LDH in AAD mice was able to decrease the incidence of AAD from 43.75–13.33%.
Conclusion
DM patients were negatively associated with AAD, but dysregulated preoperative-LDH、BMI、hypertension and CHD are risk factors for AAD in DM patients.
Additive manufacturing of porous biominerals
Authors: Zhao Ran , Wittig Nina , de Angelis Gaia , Yuan Tianyu , Hirsch Matteo , Birkedal Henrik , Amstad Esther
Published: December 2022

Soft bodies of small creatures are frequently protected with hard shells whereas those of larger creatures are often supported with hard load-bearing structures. Nature usually fabricates these hard functional materials from soft organic scaffolds that are mineralized. To enable an energy-efficient locomotion of these creatures while maintaining the functionality of their protective or load-bearing components, nature minimizes the weight of these materials by making them porous. Unfortunately, methods that offer a similar degree of control over the nanometer up to the centimeter length scale structure of synthetic minerals remain elusive. Here we present a process that combines direct ink writing with emulsion templating to 3D print strong biominerals possessing pores whose diameters range from the 100s of nm up to the mm length scale at ambient temperature. After the structures have been stabilized through a second mineralization step, our samples encompass up to 80 wt% of CaCO3 and display a density and compressive strength close to those of human trabecular bones.
Exploring a new candidate gene, MSH6, related to hepatocellular carcinoma based on bioinformatics
Authors: Zhang Jiayan , Sun Mingbo , Chen Zhigang
Published: December 2022

Background: The expression of MSH6 is generally increased in many tumors, but its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of the DNA mismatch repair protein MSH6 in HCC and its impact on the prognosis of HCC patients and to clarify the mechanism by which MSH6 affects the malignant behavior of HCC.
Methods: R (4.2.1) software was used to obtain the expression level and clinical data of MSH6 mRNA in cancer tissues and adjacent tissues of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma from the Cancer Gene Atlas (TCGA) platform.The expression difference of MSH6 mRNA in normal and tumor tissues was compared, and GEO data were used to verify the above results. MSH6-related genes were analyzed by gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, and GSEA. Kaplan‒Meier survival analysis, receptor operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and nomograms confirmed the predictive value of MSH6 for the clinical outcome of patients with HCC.
Results: Compared with the adjacent tissues, the expression level of MSH6 mRNA in cancer tissues from HCC patients was significantly higher. MSH6 plays a role in pathways related to digestion, the antimicrobial humoral response, and the G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway. In HCC samples, high expression of MSH6 tended to have significant relationships with hormone activity, receptor-ligand activity, and G protein-coupled receptor binding. Kaplan‒Meier survival analysis showed that the prognosis of patients with lower MSH6 mRNA expression was significantly better than that of patients with higher MSH6 mRNA expression. The calibration plot shows that the MSH6 model has an effective performance for hepatocellular carcinoma prediction.
Conclusion: MSH6 plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of HCC and can be used as an indicator to evaluate and predict the prognosis and survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients.
Relationship between impacted lower third molars and the mandibular canal: A new classification for radiographic signs in orthopantomographs
Authors: Gomes Ana Cláudia Amorim , Nogueira Daniela Guimarães de Melo , Sales Pedro Henrique da Hora , Vasconcelos Belmiro Cavalcanti do Egito , Leão Jair Carneiro , Frazão Marco Antônio Gomes , Silva Emanuel Dias de Oliveira e
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate the increase in nerve damage after surgery of the lower third molar at different stages of rhizogenesis. The association between the existence or absence of a close relationship to the roots of the third molar and the mandibular canal was considered according to sex, age and complicated tooth, as well as the enshrining of a new classification of the types of radiographic signs, which allows to relate the tooth in rhizogenesis with the mandibular canal.
Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 150 lower third molars impacted in stages 6-10 of the Nolla Classification, with all teeth being fully impacted. In orthopantomography, the type of inclusion was evaluated according to the classification of Winter and Pell and Gregory, the degree of rhizogenesis according to Nolla (1960), the relationship between the roots and the mandibular canal and the type of radiographic signal. All cases were obtained by the same radiologist.
Results: The most frequently encountered types of radiographic sign were darkening of the roots (46%), rhizogenesis (39%) and interruption of the white lines (17%). The type of radiographic sign most frequently associated with nerve lesions was darkening of the roots.
Conclusion: The fact of extracting the impacted lower third molar, in close relationship with the mandibular canal, seems to have an increased risk of nerve damage in the last stages of risogenesis, that is, with fully formed roots. The presence of the closely related radiographic signal found in orthopantomography represents, in most cases, a true relationship, requiring the classification of the type of radiographic signal to avoid nerve damage.
Right atrial lipomatous hypertrophy: A Case Report
Authors: Frieda-Maria Kainz
Published: December 2022

Background
The lipomatous hypertrophy in the atrial septum (LHAS) is a separate non-neoplastic benign cardiac lesion. It presents as a non-encapsulated fat deposit in the epicardium of the septum secundum which spreads excessively in the intraartial septum except the fossa ovalis and shows the typical hourglass-shaped image, with a tendency to bulge into the right atrium which may be related with a thickening of crista terminalis. The septum thickness can reach more than 20 mm and also accumulate in the subepicardium, endocardium, mediastinum and crista terminalis. This is most frequently seen in obese, elderly female patients. Complications of LHAS are severe cardiac arrhythmias (sick sinus syndrome, arrhythmias, changes in P waveform morphology in electrocardiogram (ECG)), vena cava superior syndrome, heart failure, pericardial effusion and sudden cardiac death requiring an urgent cardiovascular surgery.
Case presentation
We report about a 78-year-old female patient with a two-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) with 50% of the circumflex artery (CX) and 60% stenosis of the right coronary artery (RCA) and a tumor mass in the right atrium with unclear dignity. Also, she had atrial fibrillation and massive supra ventricular extrasysoles.
She received a reduction of the tumor mass with an atrial xenopericardial patch plastic, an enlargement of the superior vena cava and an aorta coronary bypass (ACBP) to the RCA.
Conclusion
The LHAS is a rare and benign mass, possibly causing atrial arrhythmias depending of the location. It can also be quite challenging to access the heart cavities and can cause many complications, like mitral or tricuspid regurgitation, stenosis or septal defects.
Chemotherapy potentiates CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity through stimulating cancer cell-autonomous type I IFN induction via oxidized mtDNA sensing
Authors: Gui Jun , Qiao Wen , Hu Cegui , Ma Jiayi , Dong Xinrui , Dalangood Sumiya , Li Hanjun , Yuan Chenwei , Lu Binbin , Gao Wei-Qiang , Wen Zhenke , Yin Wenjin
Published: December 2022

In addition to the direct tumor cell cytotoxicity, chemotherapy also plays roles in modulating immune response. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Here we found that chemotherapy enhanced tumor cell antigen presentation to facilitate CD8+ T cell cytotoxic function. Cancer cell-autonomous type I IFN induction stimulated by chemotherapy was critical for CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity. Mechanistically, chemotherapy impaired mitochondrial function and anti-oxidant capacity, which increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. ROS triggered oxidized mtDNA accumulation in the cytosol of tumor cells and subsequently activated cGAS-STING signaling to drive type I IFN induction. cGAS-STING-IFN axis increased PD-L1 expression and predicted effective clinical responses to chemoimmunotherapy. Our findings highlight that a suitable dose of chemotherapy activates CD8+ T cell immunity instead of directly inducing intense tumor cell toxicity, which may alleviate the side effects of chemotherapy and potentiate the sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Screening chemotherapeutic drugs or developing new drugs which can stimulate type I IFN production in the tumor cells efficiently promote anti-tumor immunity and will be beneficial for chemoimmunotherapy. Conversely, antioxidants like N-acetylcysteine which impede type I IFN induction, attenuate the therapeutic efficacy and will be unfavorable for patients that are receiving chemoimmunotherapy.
UCHL1 inhibited by reactive astrocytes facilitates aggregates clearance to promote neural stem cell activation
Authors: Ding Lu , Chu Weiwei , Xia Yu , Shi Ming , Li Tian , Luo Liang , Zhou Feng-Quan , Deng David
Published: December 2022

Activation of the endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) is critically important for the adult neurogenesis. However, NSC activation is extremely limited in the non-neurogenic spinal cord after spinal cord injury (SCI). Recent evidence suggests that accumulation of protein aggregates impedes quiescent NSC activation. Here, we found that ubiquitin c-terminal hydrolase l-1 (UCHL1), an important deubiquitinating enzyme, functioned to facilitate NSC activation by clearing protein aggregations through ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Based on protein microarray analysis of SCI cerebrospinal fluid, it is further revealed that C3+ neurotoxic reactive astrocytes negatively regulated UCHL1 and the subsequent protein aggregations clearance to restrict NSC activation via C3/C3aR signaling. Upregulation of UCHL1 and blockade of reactive astrocytes or C3/C3aR pathway efficiently enhanced Nestin+ NSC activation after SCI. Together, this study elucidated a mechanism regulating NSC activation in the adult spinal cord involving the UCHL1-proteasome approach, providing a promising strategy and novel molecular targets for SCI repair.
Rating Wildfire Danger by Big Weather Data and Machine Learning: A Case Study in Eastern China
Authors: Gao Demin , He Cheng , Ma Yunfei , Chen Jie , Huang Xinyan
Published: December 2022

Wildfire, as a natural phenomenon, shapes global ecosystems and threatens human communities. The meteorological conditions of the forest environment is one of the critical factors, which exists obvious effect on the risk of wildfire for a given landscape and fuel type. It is high challenge to predict wildland fire risks owing to the huge amount of meteorological paramenters with volume,variety,value and velocity. Driven by the emerging Artificial Intelligence and Big Data analytics, this work proposes a machine learning model (Fuzzy C-Means algorithm) to assess the probability of wildland fire. By training the historical weather and fire data in Eastern China (Jiangsu Province), the complex relationships between the weather parameter and the rating of wildland fire danger are quantified. The Fire Weather Index system are applied to evaluate the accuracy of predictions and compare them with the standards in the literature. This system further reveals that the spring season is the peak period for wildland fires in Eastern China. Such a prediction is also in accordance with the practice of wildfire occurrence that, in practice, can provide early warning to local residences and forest services.
How Much Do Medical Students Know About Cancer Risk Factors?
Authors: Keten Hamit Sirri , Dogan Guler Gizem , Akbayram Hatice Tuba , Isik Oguz
Published: December 2022

Purpose
In this study, we aimed to determine the knowledge level of medical students regarding cancer risk factors (CRF).
Methods
This study was carried out in Gaziantep University (Gaziantep, Turkey) between February 10 and March 04 of 2022. A total of 532 students at Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine took part in the study.
Results
Of the students, 270 (50.8%) were female, 262 (49.2%) were male, and the mean age was 22.63 ± 2.66 years. The mean CRF knowledge score of the participants was 23.17 ± 7.20. Knowledge scores of women and men were similar (23.06 ± 7.35 vs 23.32 ± 7.08, respectively p = 0.674).
Conclusions
The most commonly known CRF was smoking and alcohol. It was determined that medical students had serious lack of knowledge about CRF.
Response to crizotinib + regorafenib + PD-1 inhibitor in a metastatic BRAF V600E MT colon cancer patients with acquired C-MET amplification and TPM4- ALK fusion: case report and review of literature
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Hu Xueqing , Wang Xiangyang , Zhao Yunbo , Li Zhongkang , Chen Xiaomin , Yuan Mingming , Yu Zicheng , Huang Yingying
Published: December 2022

Colorectal cancer (CRC) with BRAFV600E CRC had a relatively poor prognosis. We report the case of a 49-year-old Chinese male was diagnosed asascending colon adenocarcinoma (cT3N+?M1) with liver metastases. The patient performed next-generation sequencing(NGS) using tissue and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and the results showed a BRAFV600E mutation. He received an initial combination treatment with cetuximab, darafenib, and trametinib with a partial response (PR) assessment. We changed the therapy regimen on this patient several times because of the patient's intolerance to the drugs or the inefficacy of the treatment. During this period, we detected the c-MET amplification and TPM4-ALK fusion by NGS after triplet targeted therapy (tislelizumab, darafenib, and trametinib), thus he was finally treated with PD-1 inhibitor (Tislelizumab), MET/ALK inhibitor (Crozitinib) plus BRAF inhibitor (regorafenib). Imageological examinations showed that PR was achieved and ctDNA sequencing results indicated a significantly reduced BRAF mutation frequency, MET amplification and TPM4-ALK fusion were undetectable. This study reported a co-existence of a BRAFV600E mutation, c-MET amplification and TPM4-ALK fusion in a CRC patient. Administration of crizotinib combined with regorafenib and Tislelizumab obtained an obvious response. Furthermore, continuous ctDNA detection appears to be a promising technique to monitor tumor burden, which may provide better clinical decision support during the disease course.
Skin and ophthalmic complications of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematous
Authors: Zamani Batool , Hasan‑Abad Amin Moradi , Rafizadeh Seyed Mohsen , Akbari Hossein , Samaei Fateme , Motedayyen Hossein
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Immunosuppressive agents are routinely used to control autoimmunity. However, some adverse events are correlated to their clinical applications. The aim of this study was to study the clinical findings and ocular and cutaneous side effects of chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), as current immunosuppressive drugs, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematous (SLE).
Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was performed on 360 individuals referred to the Rheumatology clinic during 2003-2020. Demographic characteristics and other information were collected from patients with RA and SLE. Skin and ocular complications were evaluated in patients who were on treatment with CQ and HCQ.
Results: Study populations consisted of 199 subjects with RA and 161 cases with SLE. The frequencies of skin and ocular complications in all patients treated with CQ and HCQ were 42 (11.66%) and 97 (26.9%), respectively. The prevalence of skin complications in patients with RA and SLE was 20 (10.1%) and 22 (13.7%), respectively. The frequencies of ocular complications in patients with RA and SLE were, respectively, 60 (30.2%) and 37 (23%). The results showed that ocular complications in patients with RA were significantly associated with disease duration (p <0.05). Cutaneous and ocular complications in patients showed a significant difference with the cumulative dose of drug (p <0.05).
Conclusion:Based on these findings, treatment with CQ and HCQ participates in some skin and ocular complications in patients with RA and SLE which are largely associated with the duration of disease and treatment.
Experimental study on the effect of thermal-chemical coupling on tension-shear fracture characteristics of cracked Karst limestone
Authors: Zhang Yan , Guo Daojing , Wang Wei , Liu Fengtao , Zeng Jianbin
Published: December 2022

In the natural environment, the main control structural plane of dangerous rock in karst area is subjected to complex coupling effects of temperature, acid rain and tension-shear force. However, the multi-field coupling effect on the stability of dangerous rocks is still unclear. To further probe this issue, first, the chemical solution immersion tests were carried out at pH of 2, 3, 4, 5 and temperature of 20, 30, 40, 60℃ for pre-cracked limestone, and room temperature rock samples at pH of 7 were used as comparison samples. Second, the tension-shear test on the soaked rock samples were conducted using the self-developed tension-shear test device. The crack propagation and failure modes of tension-shear pre-cracked limestone with different temperatures and pH value solutions were analyzed. Finally, the mineral composition, microstructure and damage degree of different rock samples were tested and analyzed by X-ray diffraction test, SEM test and inductively coupled ion emission spectrometer. The test results show that the temperature and acidity are negatively correlated with the tension-shear strength of limestone. The higher the temperature or acidity, the smaller the ultimate tension-shear peak load. The main mineral composition of limestone is calcite, and the pore size on the rock surface reflects the variation trend of cracking under tension-shear loading. The rock mass loss rate is positively correlated with the temperature and negatively correlated with the pH value, both of which can affect the progress of water rock chemistry and have a certain impact on the degree of rock deterioration.
Relationship between gut microbiota and prognosis, clinical characteristics of colorectal cancer based on 16S rRNA sequencing
Authors: Huang Jiannan , Wang Yizhuo , Yuan Chaofeng , Jiang Yang , Chen Xianbin , Wang Mingchuan , Xiao Huijie
Published: December 2022

Purpose
Colorectal cancer is a high incidence tumor, immunotherapy has become a hot topic of research in recent years, at the same time, the dysregulation of intestinal microbiota is also gaining attention because it can lead to changes in body immunity. So, we want to explore the relationship between gut microbiota and colorectal cancer.
Methods
We performed 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing of tumors and paraneoplastic tissues from 30 patients, followed by at least 5 years of follow-up. Microbiome analysis, survival analysis, and then immunohistochemistry and its correlation with microbiota were performed in 19 of these patients.
Results
OTU13530 and OTU17086, both representing g_Sediminibacterium, showed significant differences in normalized abundance in tumor and paraneoplastic tissues (FDR < 0.05 and log2FC > 1). Both of them correlated with T-stage (p = 0.016, p = 0.024) and Her-2 expression (p = 0.034, p = 0.001). The former correlated with HIF expression (p = 0.017), and the latter with EGFR expression (p = 0.003). OTU3504, representing o_Myxococcales, had a correlation with patient survival (p = 0.015, HR = 28.5(1.9–425.0)), its abundance correlated with tumor neural invasion (p = 0.005) and vascular invasion (p = 0.005).
Conclusion
There is no statistical difference in the diversity and homogeneity of the microbiota between tumor and paraneoplastic tissues. But the abundance of some specific microbiota differed significantly between tumor and paraneoplastic tissues, and these microbiota correlated with patient survival, Her-2, HIF and other proteins expression, T-stage, neurovascular invasion and other clinical traits.
Glycaemic control and therapeutic inertia in patients with CAD and T2DM: a cross-sectional study in the Department of Cardiology
Authors: Zhang Weixia , Peng Qianwen , Zhang Xinle , Xia Qin
Published: December 2022

Background
The purpose of this study was to evaluate glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with coronary artery disease in China, as well as to look into therapeutic inertia among cardiologists.
Methods
From June 2021 to December 2021, a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Cardiology at Shanghai Ruijin Hospital in China. The method of convenience sampling was used. Patients with coronary artery disease (including acute and chronic coronary syndrome) and T2DM were included in the study. Patients with renal insufficiency (eGFR < 45 ml/min/1.73m2), heart failure (left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF < 40%), and absence of an HbA1c value during hospitalization were excluded. SPSS 18.0 was used for statistical analysis.
Results
The proportion of diabetic patients achieving the HbA1c target (< 7.0%) among 358 participants was 39.11% (140/358). Glycaemic control was worse in patients with acute coronary syndromes than in those with chronic coronary syndromes (34.63% vs. 45.10%, P < 0.05). The blood pressure control rate was 25.70% (92/358, cut-off 130/80 mmHg), and 41.06% (147/358) of participants had LDL-C levels of < 1.8 mmol/L (70 mg/dL). In the hypoglycemic regimen, therapeutic inertia was present in 55.96% of the study subjects. However, the therapeutic inertia rate varies greatly depending on HbA1c level. The therapeutic inertia rate among patients with HbA1c ≥ 9.0% was significantly lower than the rates in the 7.0-7.9% and 8.0-8.9% groups (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
The Department of Cardiology's glycemic control rate of hospitalized T2DM patients is low, and cardiologists exhibit therapeutic inertia in hypoglycemic regimens.
Investigating coping and stigma in people living with HIV through narrative medicine in the Italian multicentre non-interventional study DIAMANTE
Authors: Antinori Andrea , Vergori Alessandra , Ripamonti Diego , Valenti Daniela , Esposito Vincenzo , Carleo Aurora , Rusconi Stefano , Cascio Antonio , Manzillo Elio , Andreoni Massimo , Orofino Giancarlo , Cappuccio Antonietta , Reale Luigi , Marini Maria Giulia , Mancusi Daniela , Termini Roberta , Uglietti Alessia , Portaro Marianna
Published: December 2022

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) significantly reduced Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) morbidity and mortality; nevertheless, stigma still characterises the living with this condition. This study explored patients’ coping experience by integrating narrative medicine (NM) in a non-interventional clinical trial. From June 2018 to September 2020 the study involved 18 centres across Italy; enrolled patients were both D/C/F/TAF naïve and previously ART-treated. Narratives were collected at enrolment (V1) and last visit (V4) and then independently analysed by three NM specialist researchers through content analysis. One-hundred and fourteen patients completed both V1 and V4 narratives. Supportive relationships with clinicians and undetectable viral load facilitated coping. Conversely, lack of disclosure of HIV-positive status, HIV metaphors, and unwillingness to narrate the life before the diagnosis indicated internalised stigma. This is the first non-interventional study to include narratives as patient reported outcomes (PROs). Improving HIV awareness and reducing the sense of guilt experienced by patients helps to overcome stigma and foster coping.