bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised pharmaceutical polymorph identification and multicomponent particle mapping of ToF-SIMS data by non-negative matrix factorization
Authors: Forbes Thomas P. , Gillen Greg , Souna Amanda J. , Lawrence Jeffrey
Published: September 2022

Crystal polymorphism of pharmaceutical compounds directly impacts resulting physicochemical characteristics, a critical aspect in active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) production. Tools to characterize and chemically map these polymorphs at the single particle scale remain important to advancing directed manufacture of targeted polymorphs. Here, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) was employed for chemically imaging inkjet printed acetaminophen samples. ToF-SIMS generates large datasets of high spatial resolution images. Extracting relevant data and peaks of interest can be laborious for, and biased by, users. Advances in machine learning approaches have introduced many supervised and unsupervised methods for data analysis. In this study, we apply non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) for the unsupervised analysis of ToF-SIMS chemical image data. More specifically, an expanded variant of NMF, NMFk, was employed to determine the dataset’s latent dimensionality. NMFk combines the spectral unmixing of traditional NMF with k-means clustering of the resulting factors and an optimization of the reconstruction and clustering. The method was used to identify the number of polymorph phases – and their representative mass spectra – generated from inkjet printed acetaminophen samples. Amorphous, crystalline form I, and crystalline form II polymorphs were observed. The learned polymorph mass spectra were then used to map the learned polymorphs onto subsequent particle samples of acetaminophen. Finally, NMFk also enabled the decomposition of mixed particle samples (i.e., migraine medicine), learning the number of compounds and their composition. The extracted constituent phase mass spectra – representing single compounds – were searched against mass spectral libraries for identification.
Structural patterns enhancing the antibacterial activity of metallacarborane-based antibiotics
Authors: Cebula Jakub , Fink Krzysztof , Goldeman Waldemar , Szermer-Olearnik Bożena , Nasulewicz-Goldeman Anna , Psurski Mateusz , Cuprych Monika , Kędziora Anna , Dudek Bartłomiej , Bugla-Płoskońska Gabriela , Goszczyński Tomasz M.
Published: September 2022

Newly developed antibiotics are supposed to treat infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria. To increase the likelihood of overcoming resistance, antibiotic candidates should be based on structures that are unknown to bacteria. This is why boron-based antibiotics offer an interesting alternative to carbon-based drugs. This work is devoted to the development of a new group of antibiotics based on abiotic metallacarborane, cobalta bis(dicabrollide) (COSAN). We managed to identify the two most promising structural patterns that cause COSAN-based compounds to be selectively active toward S. aureus: the introduction of α-amino acid amide in the organic part of the molecule and the addition of iodine directly to the metallacarborane cage. The first modification provided selective activity of the tested compounds toward S. aureus over mammalian cells through proper hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance. The second modification increased all observed biological activities. The patterns proposed in this paper can be used in the development of metallacarborane-based antibiotics that have potent antibacterial properties and low cytotoxicity.
Confinement effect catalysis with covalent organic frameworks for highly efficient synthesis of lactide
Authors: Zhao Jinyu , Guo Guangming , Wang Danbo , Liu Hui , Zhang Zhenxiu , Sun Lishui , Ding Naixiu , Li Zhibo , Zhao Yingjie
Published: September 2022

The efficient synthesis of lactide with high purity is the key to poly-lactic acid (PLA) production. Here, we demonstrated a 2D COFs-based catalyst, which could convert L-lactic acid into L-lactide directly in an excellent yield (80%) under mild conditions. Similar to enzymatic catalysis in which the product selectivity is controlled by the enzyme pocket, the precision confinement effect of the highly ordered channels and adjustable structures with functional moieties of the COFs play key roles in converting the monomer to the cyclic dimer directly and avoiding oligomerization. This strategy is sharply different from the current two-stage process for synthesizing lactide and renders COFs materials as an ideal heterogeneous catalyst with confinement effect.
Solvent-free Route to High-performance Electrode Materials for Li/Na Storage from Mechanochemically Synthetised MOFs/MXene Composites
Authors: Shi Xiaoyan , Liang Weiquan , Lin Weikun , Chen Bin , Shao Lianyi , Sun Zhipeng , Garcia Felipe
Published: September 2022

The development of new energy-related materials is the pinnacle to attaining a sustainable society based on renewable energy. Over the past decades, plenty of electrode materials have been investigated seeking better energy storage properties. However, the often tedious synthetic procedures and large amounts of solvents utilized during their syntheses incur in high costs and severe environmental pollution. Here we present a solvent-free approach to metal-organic-frameworks/MXene-derived carbonaceous metal selenide/MXene composites with unique nanostructures rich in mesopores and macropores. These species can be readily transformed into high-performance electrode materials with enhanced Li/Na ion storage properties compared with their solution-based counterparts. Our results provide an environmentally benign production process of metal-organic framework/MXene-derived high-performance electrode materials for advanced lithium/sodium storage applications
Assessment of exo- and endocrine function of pancreas following distal pancreatectomy
Authors: Malykh Marina V. , Dubtsova Elena A. , Vinokurova Lyudmila V. , Les’ko Konstantin A. , Dorofeev Alexey S. , Kiryukova Maria A. , Savina Irina V. , Tsvirkun Victor V. , Bordin Dmitry S.
Published: September 2022

Aim. The assessment of pancreatic resection volume influence on exo- and endocrine pancreatic functions.
Materials and methods. The resected pancreatic volume influence was assessed in 47 patients: 31 (66%) patients after resections of pancreatic body and tail, and 16 (34%) patients after distal resections. The exocrine pancreatic function was assessed by pancreatic fecal elastase 1 as well as endocrine pancreatic function was assessed by C-peptide level measurement. Computed tomography with intravenous contrast enhancement and postprocessing was used for pre- and postoperative pancreatic volume assessment. All tests were performed before and 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery.
Results. Type of surgery had no influence on C-peptide and pancreatic fecal elastase 1 levels (p0.05). Exo- and endocrine pancreatic functions markers tended to decrease in 1st month after surgery with consequent functions restoration towards 6 months after surgery. There were 15 (35.7%) patients from 42 patients with normal exocrine pancreatic function with a fecal elastase 1 level decrease to 114.761.8 g/g; exocrine insuficiency remained only in 2 (4.8%) patients after 6 months after surgery. C-peptide concentration decrease before surgery to less than 1.1 ng/ml was noticed only in 8 (17%) patients. C-peptide concentration decreased in 30 (63.8%) patients in 1st month after surgery, but after 6 months after surgery, C-peptide level decrease was only in 7 (14.9%) patients.
Conclusion. The exo- and endocrine function of the pancreas is restored in more than 80% of patients after DR. Probably it could be associated with the activation of the pancreatic compensatory abilities.
Clinical-anthropometric and laboratory-instrumental characteristics of iron deficiency states in children with celiac disease
Authors: Ivenskaya Tatiana A. , Klimov Leonid Ya. , Kuryaninova Victoria A. , Yagupova Anastasya V. , Stoyan Marina V.
Published: September 2022

Aim. To increase detection frequency and reduce the risk of celiac disease complications based on a comprehensive analysis of patterns of iron deficiency states in the active period of celiac disease in children.
Materials and methods. 228 children diagnosed with celiac disease, aged 8 months to 18 years, were enrolled. Forms of iron deficiency (ID) were determined according to the complete blood count.
Results. The median age of onset was 1.0 [0.6; 2.6] years in children without ID; 1.0 [0.5; 2.1] years in the latent iron deficiency (LID) group and 1.2 [0.5; 3.0] years in children with iron deficiency anemia (IDA). The median age at diagnosis of celiac disease in the analyzed groups was years, respectively. Gastrointestinal symptoms of celiac disease were more common in children with IDA, who were diagnosed with total villous atrophy of the small intestinal mucosa (SIM) in 82.1% of cases, which was 5 times higher than in children with LID (p=0.001) and 2.5 times higher than in children without IDS (p=0.001).
Conclusion. Iron deficiency states in the active period of celiac disease have been diagnosed in 73.3% of patients, with the highest incidence observed in infants and older children.
Federal Shar¯ıah Court’s Judgment for Riba¯ Free Pakistan
Authors:   Editor, Journal of Islamic Business and Management, Ghafoor Zeeshan
Published: September 2022

The controversy of whether modern-day commercial interest falls under the purview of riba¯ and, therefore, prohibited or not was resolved globally by the end of the 1980s by resolutions, fatawa, and reports of various forums and committees. Accordingly, Islamic banking started evolving, and Pakistan was the pioneer in this regard. Yet, as the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan required elimination of riba¯ from the entire economy, certainly a difficult task, the controversy was re-initiated when an appeal was preferred by the government against the judgment of the Federal Shar¯ıat Court (FSC) of Pakistan declared in its of 14th November 1991. The FSC (1991) declared that the Non-Interest Based (NIB) system introduced by the SBP in 1985 was un-Islamic mainly due to the involvement of ‘Sell and Buy-Back’ and sale of debts/receivables and ordered that the whole system be Islamised in its true sense by the end of June 1992. The Shar¯ıat Appellate Bench (SAB) of the Supreme Court of Pakistan rejected the appeal against the FSC judgment (1991) in its verdict given on 23rd December 1999 and ordered that the laws involving interest Laws would cease to have effect finally by 30th June 2001. The government first got an extension of one year but then filed a review petition, and the newly constituted SAB remanded both earlier judgments back to the FSC in June 2002. In the FSC, the case remained pending for 2 decades till it was decided on 28th April 2022. The FSC (2022) again declared that all types of interest on loans and debts (either for commercial, production-related, or personal purposes) fall under the definition of riba¯. The FSC directed the government to complete the necessary legislative amendments by 31st December 2022 to replace the laws declared void due to involvement of interest and that the interest must be eliminated from the economy by the end of 2027.
Federal Shar¯ı‘ah Court’s Judgement on Riba¯: An Appraisal and Some Suggestions
Authors:   International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan, Mansoori M. Tahir , Ayub Muhammad
Published: September 2022

Purpose: This article aims at presenting an appraisal of the judgment of Pakistan’s Federal Shar¯ı‘at Court (2022). It is also to suggest steps for filling the gaps for transformation of the country’s economic and financial system to Islamic bases. Methodology: It is qualitative research that analyses the judgment based on its contents, various provisions of Pakistan’s Constitution, and the legal framework for the banking sector. Findings: There are some gaps in the judgment which the Court may like to fill. The riba¯ involved in delayed exchange of currencies or Forex exchange in present day finance may also be expressly declared as prohibited. Further, the FSC has not taken notice of such doubtful products and tools used by the Islamic banks that are increasingly deteriorating the integrity of Islamic banking among the public. Significance: It is the first ever academic study to analyze the judgment, and discuss its implications for banks, economy and the potential of Islamic banking in the country. Research Limitations/Implications: Because of paucity of data, it does not consider the implications of the judgment in case of transformation of the public sector financing or banks’ investment portfolio to Islamic principles. Practical and Social Implications: The article will enable the financial sector regulators and the managers of the economy to take proper and timely actions for smooth and effective transformation of the economy to Islamic principles.
Tawazun Social Innovation and Sustainable Organizational Performance
Authors:   Department of Management, Sultan Agung Islamic University, Semarang, Indonesia, Wibowo Mufti Agung , Widodo Widodo ,   Department of Management, Sultan Agung Islamic University, Semarang, Indonesia, Zulfa Moh ,   Department of Management, Sultan Agung Islamic University, Semarang, Indonesia
Published: September 2022

Purpose: This study aims to develop the strategy of tawazun social innovation and examine a new model that fills the research gap and limitations of previous studies between new learning organization that relies on the conception of tawazun social innovation. This study presents several new indicators, including organizational agility, institutional reflexivity, learning leadership, innovation performance, and tawazun social innovation to realize sustainable organizational performance based on empirical models. Methodology: This study uses a mixed-methodology, with 206 quantitative respondents and 7 qualitative respondents in Central Java, Indonesia. Data collection was carried out from July to October 2021. Findings: The important results of this study show that: (1) the realization of sustainable organizational performance is built through the tawazun social innovation supported by new learning organizations, consisting of three principles and practices: organizational agility, institutional reflexivity, and learning leadership (2) the improvement of tawazun social innovation is built by organizational agility, institutional reflexivity, and learning leadership (3) the improvement of innovation performance is built on learning leadership (4) the improvement of tawazun social innovation is built on innovation performance and (5) sustainable organizational performance is built by innovation performance. Practical Implications: The tawazun social innovation drives sustainable organizational performance. Management is encouraged to develop sustainable organizational strategic plans, instilling a tawazun social innovation. This is reflected through the implementation of the values of social responsibility balance, policy innovation balance, network balance, and balance of soul.
The Cost Effectiveness, Performance & Shar¯ı‘ah Supervisory Board Attributes in Islamic Banks
Authors:   Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan, Siraj Sehar , Naz Iram ,   Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan, Sheikh Rafiullah ,   Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan, Farooqi Mattiullah ,   Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Published: September 2022

Purpose: This study emphasis on cost, which is the most essential form of efficiency that can be attained when a company identifies inputs that allow it to get the required results at the lowest possible cost. This study concentrates only on the Islamic banking sector in Pakistan and aims to observe the impact of cost efficiency on Islamic banks performance with moderating role of Shar¯ı‘ah Supervisory Board (SSB) attributes such as size, qualification, cross membership, expertise and annual change in composition. Methodology: The study uses data envelopment analysis technique to measure the cost efficiency of Islamic banks. The data has been collected through 13 Islamic banks’ annual reports over the period of 2005 to 2018. Bank performance has been measured using two indicators: return on asset and return on equity and the panel data regression analysis is employed. Findings: The study reports a significant positive association among the cost efficiency and Islamic banks performance. Additionally, the study also establishes that SSB attributes such as size of board, qualification, expertise , and cross membership, annual change in composition moderates the significant association among cost efficiency and Islamic banks performance in Pakistan. Significance: This study has useful implications for managers and investors operating in international settings. In addition, they will act as a source of information for policy makers and the top management of Islamic banking sector. Academic researchers engaged in Islamic banking might get insight from this study by better understanding the importance of efficiency-enhancing components.
An overview of Bloom’s Taxonomy applied in Outcome Based Education for Effective Learning
Authors: Kurukwar Amardip
Published: September 2022

Bloom’s taxonomy benefits the teachers to think and analyse their teaching and student’s learning. The structure is used to state clear objectives which can assist the teachers to propose lessons accordingly. Moreover, it can provide a structure for cognitive behaviours which can be applied to comprehend the difficulty of tasks, conduct an assessment, and streamline or confound the activities.Bloom’s Taxonomy helps the teachers to comprehend the objectives of classroom teaching-learning. It guides them to transform the complexity of the questions and helps students to accomplish higher levels of hierarchy. It further helps to develop critical thinking among teachers.
An overview of Outcome Based Education, Graduates Attributes and Program Outcomes
Authors: Kurukwar Amardip
Published: September 2022

Outcome based Education is nothing but the outcome of the students i.e. what is the role of the students after completing their Programme. We should have the proper teaching learning methodology – what are the tools available for the course, Course objective, Program objectives of what we teach. Based Education (OBE) is an important demonstration Tool for student-centered instruction that focuses on measuring student performance through outcomes. The graduate attributes adopted by the Washington Accord signatories are generic to the education of professional engineers in all engineering disciplines. Programme Outcomes are narrow statements that describe what the students are expected to know and would be able to do upon the graduation. These relate to the skills, knowledge, and behaviour that students acquire through the programme.
Conditions for the formation of non-anticlinal hydrocarbon traps in zones around salt stocks of the south-eastern part of the Dnepr-Donetsk depression
Authors: Vysochanskiy Ilarion , Yakovlev Andriy , Samchuk Iryna , Volosnyk Yevhenii , Nekrasov Andrii , Kupchinska Mariia
Published: September 2022

Formulation of the problem. The southeastern part of the Dnieper-Donetsk depression has a large-scale formation of underground salt structures (stocks). The stocks are the reason for the formation of many layer structures. The authors divide these layer structures near the stocks into three types - above-stock, inter-stock, and near-stock.

The most promising targets for exploration drilling are anticlinal structures (of the first and second types). Many industrial accumulations of hydrocarbons (Shebelinskoe, West-Krestishchenskoe, Efremovskoe) were found in anticlinal structures.

The aim of the work is to determine the genetic relationship between lithological structures and hydrocarbon traps. This is the basis for the search for a non-anticlinal form of hydrocarbon traps.

Presentation of the main research material. On the territory of the Dnieper-Donetsk depression, different models of structure of salt stock zones were found. The most promising for the search for hydrocarbon deposits are areas with satellite blocks near the underground salt stock. These blocks were formed concurrently with the process of breaking through the rock stock.

In this study, salt stocks have been divided into activity types. Only active stocks have satellite blocks. This makes it possible to make predictions in trough zones (stock compensation troughs).

The authors have divided found traps for hydrocarbons into: plumes from salt stocks in P1sl - C33 rock formations; rocks raised by salt stocks at the time of formation P1 - C3; tectonic satellite blocks from rocks of age C3, C2b, C1s; carbonate structures of organisms P1. These structures can be hydrocarbon deposits themselves with personal water contact. Often these structures share a common water contact. This is the basis for the allocation of the entire area around the stock for hydrocarbon prospecting. To search for hydrocarbons near stocks, you need to use special techniques. The detailed description of the theory of the search method have been given in the work.

Conclusions. Prospective objects for the search for hydrocarbons are located near the salt shafts with the greatest activity. This conclusion was made on the basis of the reconstruction of salt tectonics in the research area. Hydrocarbon traps are non-vaulted forms near the salt object. The objects of the first rank for the search are uprooted blocks, satellite blocks and plume formations. The authors single out Novosanzharsk-Malopereshchepinska, Tarasivska, Elizavetivska, West-Chutivska, Lannivska, South-Khrestishchenska (Berestovenkivska), West-Efremivska, Oleksiivska, Kopylivska and some other areas as promising.
Alpine tectonic movements and salt tectonics of Eastern Ukraine
Authors: Goryainov Sergey
Published: September 2022

Within Eastern Ukraine, in the course of previous studies, neotectonic movements were established, caused by both salt tectonics and Attic (post-Miocene - pre-Pliocene) thrust dislocations of northeastern vergence. They are partially displayed in modern relief.

The aim of the study was to reveal the structural results of the interaction of post-Pliocene fold-thrust deformations and modern salt tectonics of Eastern Ukraine.

Research methodology. The base of the Cenozoic deposits of Eastern Ukraine was chosen as an indicator surface reflecting both those and other movements. Its initial orientation is horizontal. Deviations from the horizontal reflect the direction and amplitude of deformations. The morphology of this surface was depicted by isolines with a vertical step of 20 m. To build a map of the supporting surface, state geological maps and data from more than 2,100 wells drilled in this area were used.

Research results. A map of the shape of the Cenozoic base in tectonic blocks between the Attic thrusts and beyond their development has been constructed. Uplifts of this surface, which are not associated with thrust movements, have been revealed. The dimensions of such uplifts are 8÷30 × 6÷15 km with vertical amplitude of 40 - 100 m or more. The uplifts are usually contoured by ring or arc compensation troughs a few kilometers wide and 20-100 m deep. Some of these uplifts are associated with the known salt domes of the area. Other uplifts do not contain such domes. It is possible that they formed over salt "pillows", which did not have enough salt reserves to form salt diapirs. The area of distribution of such uplifts approximately corresponds to the area of distribution of Devonian salt deposits at a depth of 5-10 km or more.

Scientific novelty. Neotectonic uplifts were discovered, similar in shape and size to those caused by salt tectonics, but located outside the areas of distribution of known salt-bearing strata. It is hypothesized that this is related to the older Hercynian overthrusts. The uplifts are located above the hanging blocks of the Hercynian overthrusts in the north and south of the study area. These thrusts were formed on the northern and southern sides of the former Dnieper-Donetsk depression during its destruction by the Hercynian folding. It is possible that the nappes over thrusts the Devonian salt-bearing deposits with metamorphic rocks of the crystalline basement. The decrease in the level of the World Ocean in the Quaternary period further increased the lithostatic load on the salt-bearing strata. This activated the isostatic upwelling of salt and the formation of gently sloping neotectonic uplifts.

Practical significance. These results clarify the geological structure of the territory and make it possible to expand the area of hydrocarbon prospecting.
Methodology of human-geographical researches: contemporary approaches and methods
Authors: Niemets Kostiantyn , Sehida Kateryna , Niemets Liudmyla , Kravchenko Kateryna , Kobylin Pavlo , Telebienieva Ievgeniia , Kliuchko Liudmyla
Published: September 2022

Problem Statement. Human geography is a science that responds extremely quickly to the new today's demands and challenges. Thanks to the multiplier effect, it has the opportunity to be integrated into a powerful range of contemporary unresolved scientific issues and to propose its approaches to their study and solution based on the robust methodology and development of new research tools. A qualitative new development level of human geography as science in Ukraine and the world requires urgently general rethinking of the prerequisites, goals, and methods of scientific research, the question of the relationship between theoretical and empirical ones in scientific papers. The triune complex "society-nature-economy" and the study of the peculiarities of their interrelationships and contradictions form a wide range of opportunities for human-geographical research.

Research Methodology. The article uses the methods of analysis, synthesis, and dialectical method. The authors have summarized and described the set of original methods of human geography, revealed contemporary approaches and substantiated the peculiarities of the methods of researching the development trajectory of the human-geographical objects, multidimensional spatial analysis and multidimensional classification, spatial interaction of social and geographical objects (IFI modeling), developed and tested by the scientists of the Department of Human Geography and Regional Studies of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University.

This paper aims to highlight the methodological foundations of human-geographical research, reveal modern approaches and substantiate the human-geographical approach, and consider the content and features of the use of original methods of human-geographical research. In particular, the coverage of methodological approaches and justification of the human-geographical approach and disclosure of new methods of spatial analysis of the human-geographical process: the study of the spatial interaction of the human-geographical objects (IFI-modelling) and the study of social and geographical systems in the normalized multidimensional space.

Results. The paper describes in detail the possibilities of using original human-geographical methods to solve contemporary issues. A detailed analysis of the application of these methods allows scientists and researchers to use and solve similar or other types of problems effectively.

Scientific novelty and practical significance. The paper presents an exhaustive set of original methods for spatial analysis of the territory and provides an algorithm for their use. The authors provided various human-geographical research areas and tested the original methods.
Climate monitoring as an indicator of the hydrological condition of the Siversky Donets river basin
Authors: Reshetchenko Svitlana , Dmitriiev Sviatoslav , Cherkashyna Nadiia , Tkachenko Tetiana , Sych Vitaliy
Published: September 2022

Formulation of the problem. Today, in changing climate conditions, it is very relevant to study the impact of regional climate change on the regime of hydrological indicators and ecological status of the Siversky Donets river basin within Kharkiv region.

Analysis of recent research and publications. Hydrometeorological studies are complex and large-scale. In the late 20th - early 21st centuries, a number of articles studied annual runoff of the rivers of Ukraine under the influence of atmospheric processes. Present-day changes in temperature and humidity of the territory affect the hydrological conditions of the rivers.

The aim of the work is to assess the relationship between climatic and hydrological indicators (environmental dynamics) of the Siversky Donets basin against the background of regional climate change. In these conditions, monitoring of climate, hydrological and environmental indicators, allows us to make further management decisions on water resources management.

Research methods are presented by statistical and cartographic analysis. The source data are a number of climatological, hydrological and environmental observations within the state network of the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Center of the SES of Ukraine.

Problems of further research. Modern changes in climatic conditions in Ukraine are characterized by locality and rapidity. Considering the volume of water use from the river Siversky Donets, the question arises about the water supply of the region, optimization of its use and further rational management.

Presentation of the main research material. The dates of the ice cover have changed in recent years, and often ice phenomena may not occur at all. We can see significant warming in winter on the example of January air temperatures.

Summer temperatures are growing the fastest (by 0.37°C every 10 years), autumn temperatures are in the second place in terms of growth rate. which means that stable ice cover on most rivers of the Donets basin has been absent in recent decades, which clearly indicates a warming trend.

Practical value. Based on the main provisions of the national environmental policy of Ukraine on the use of water resources the study of changes in hydrological regime of rivers is of practical importance for sustainable management. Calculation of the IWP has revealed that most rivers belong to the third and fourth categories - "moderately polluted" and "polluted", but there are also absolutely catastrophic cases.

Research results. Heavy economic burden on the waterway will increase its over-regulation. In future, comprehensive assessment of climate change impact on the hydrological conditions of the rivers will determine the degree of change in the ecological state of the waterways, their rational use and protect.
Unregulated fishing on the high seas and the formation of customary international law
Authors:   , Urrutia Osvaldo
Published: September 2022

Custom is an essential source of international law. Yet the process of customary law formation has received much less attention than its identification. This thesis studies the rise of an obligation on third states to cooperate with regional fisheries management organisations (RFMOs) to manage high seas fishery resources and examines the evolution of this duty to contribute to understanding the formation of customary law.

The thesis examines whether the duty to cooperate is leading to the formation of a customary rule. It concludes that global practice through RFMOs, and their actions against unregulated fishing, suggests this obligation is emerging as custom, performing normative effects beyond treaty commitments. The interactions based on claim and acceptance, acquiescence or protest explain the legal consequences of emerging custom. The dynamics of the formation process challenge common criticisms of customary international law and demonstrate that developing states play a crucial role in custom development.

The success of RFMOs in confronting uncooperative non-member states illustrates the interplay of treaties, international organisations and non-binding instruments in custom formation. Customary law can indeed form around multilateral treaties and in a legal environment defined primarily by treaty obligations. The rise of the duty to cooperate through RFMOs suggests that international organisations contribute to custom formation both as catalysts and legal actors creating relevant practice. It also reveals the decisive role of non-binding instruments in sparking customary law development.
Analysis of the Results of Rectal Cancer Treatment via 3D Laparoscopic Natural Orifice Specimen Extraction Surgery (NOSES IV)
Authors: Ma Bei
Published: September 2022

Objective: To investigate the effect of 3D laparoscopic natural orifice specimen extraction surgery as rectal cancer treatment. Methods: The study was carried out in Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital from July 2021 to July 2022. 80 rectal cancer patients were selected and divided into two groups which are the experimental group and control group. The experimental group was given 3D laparoscopic surgery while the control group was given 2D laparoscopic surgery. The results were compared and analysed. Results: The patients in the experimental group had shorter operative and evacuation times, less intraoperative bleeding, and a lower rate of complications. Conclusion: The clinical application of 3D laparoscopic radical surgery for rectal cancer via natural lumen extraction is more effective, which can promote patients' recovery and reduce the incidence of adverse events.
Observations on the Effectiveness of Internet+ Nursing Practice in Promoting Exclusive Breastfeeding
Authors: Ren Duomei , Zhang Pei , Han Lei , Yang Chunrong
Published: September 2022

Objective: To analyze the effect of Internet+ nursing practice to promote exclusive breastfeeding. Methods: 60 new mothers were selected from our hospital between February 2021 and February 2022, randomly divided into two groups, the control group and the observation group. Conventional care was given to the control group and the Internet+ care was given to the observation group. The healing of perineal wounds, breastfeeding rate as well as the nursing satisfaction of both groups were compared with each other. Results: The perineal wound healing rate was 100.00% in the observation group and 83.33% in the control group, the healing rate was higher in the observation group (P < 0.05). 80.00%, with higher nursing satisfaction in the observation group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Internet+ nursing guidance during the perinatal care of mothers can improve the success rate of breastfeeding and achieve higher nursing satisfaction.
Good Knowledge and Attitude can Improve Nurse Compliance in Performing Wound Care Actions Using Moist Wound Healing Method in Accordance with Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)
Authors: Barus Mardiati , Derang Imelda , Tarigan Melina Cecilia
Published: September 2022

Moist wound healing is a method of treating moist and closed wounds to accelerate the healing process, the growth of new tissue and prevent infection. The survey results found that respondents know moist wound care 66.7%, rarely use the moist method of 53.4%, and use conventional techniques of 73.3%, therefore it takes knowledge, attitude, and a lot of experience to be able to achieve maximum wound care. This study aims to determine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes with the actions of nurses on wound care using the moist wound healing method at RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan in 2021. The study was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. The total population in the study was the same as the total sample size of 62 respondents who were obtained using the total sampling technique in-room RB 2B, RB 3, and the Burn Unit. The results showed that good knowledge was 66.1%, a positive attitude was 82.3%, and taking action according to the SOP was 83.9%. Based on the Fisher exact test, it was obtained a p-value for knowledge, and attitudes of 0.001 (p <0.05), which means that there is a relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and actions of nurses regarding wound care using moist wound healing method. It is hoped that the nurses can increase their knowledge and experience to create a positive attitude in carrying out wound care using the moist wound healing method to accelerate the healing of patients.
Determinant Factors That Influence Open Defecation Behavior In Rural Communities In Indonesia
Authors: Dzilfiyah Dzilfiyah , Melizza Nur , Kurnia Anggraini Dwi , Masruroh Nur Lailatul
Published: September 2022

The problem of sanitation development in Indonesia is a socio-cultural challenge. one of which is the behavior of people who are used to doing OD. OD behavior can be influenced by various factors, both internal and external, including education, occupation, income, knowledge, attitudes, and physical environment. The purpose of this study is to determine the determinant factors that influence the behavior of open defecation. This research uses a cross-sectional approach located in Kedawang Village, Nguling Village, Kedawang Village, Pasuruan Regency. This research was conducted from December 2020 – May 2021. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with a total sample of 126 people who were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS statistics 20 software with a significance level of 0.05. The majority of respondents, namely 64 people or 50.8% of respondents have attitudes with fewer categories. On average, respondents have less perception of 83 people or 65.9%, lack of knowledge (99.2%), and less physical environment (114%). Meanwhile, the open defecation behavior carried out by the community was in the frequent category (56.3%). The results show that from several factors analyzed, the factors that influence open defecation behavior are attitude (sig 0.000) and perception (sig 0.000). Factors that influence open defecation behavior are attitudes and perceptions. Poor attitudes and perceptions will result in people doing open defecation behavior.
A Dialogical Approach to the Teaching of Writing: The Perceptions and Experiences of Doctoral Students
Authors:   , Cecilio Jorge Manuel
Published: September 2022

This research focused on the experiences and perceptions of students as they participated in a dialogical approach to the teaching of writing in a doctoral program at a graduate school of education. This study sought to address existing gaps in the current literature related to how doctoral students acquire the writing practices and conventions of their discipline by exploring if a dialogically centered approach to the teaching of writing could facilitate the academic writing development of doctoral students. The researcher employed a Vygotskian sociocultural framework to writing development that placed dialogue and discussion at the core of classroom activity with the understanding that knowledge is dynamically constructed and constantly evolving through human interaction. The researcher adopted a case study research design combined with phenomenological elements to study how three students that self-identified as struggling with academic writing developed as they participated in semi-structured class discussions. Participants in the study perceived that engaging in dialogue with the professor and other students helped to develop their writing. Additionally, they were able to pinpoint refined elements of their writing as a result of participating in the discussions. Findings suggest that students may benefit from a multi-pronged dialogical approach to writing development where they are exposed to dialogue about writing in multiple settings and with multiple experts including professors, writing experts, and more capable peers.
Determination of seed yield, quality and fixed oil components of different basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) genotypes: Evaluation of fatty acid profile by PCA biplot analysis
Authors: Türkmen Musa , Eren Yılmaz , Aygün Yusuf Ziya , Ertekin Esra Nermin
Published: September 2022

Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants are generally grown for different properties and produce seed with a considerable amount at the end of the growing season. This study was carried out to determine the seed yield, quality and fixed oil components of eight different basil (B) genotypes with purple (PB) and green (GB) leaf color obtained from different countries. In other words, seed yield and quality, fixed oil components, the seed yield, 1000 seed weight, oil content, oil yield, crude protein, ash, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, hexadecatrienoic acid properties, ethyl linolate and trace oil contents were investigated. Seed yield, 1000 seeds weight and oil yield were significant statistically among the genotypes. While the best result in terms of seed and oil yield was obtained from GB1, the highest 1000 seeds weight was recorded in GB4. Palmitic acid and trace oil contents of genotypes were significant statistically. The highest palmitic acid content was detected in GB2, whereas the maximum trace oil contents were obtained from GB5. In results of principal components analysis (PCA) purple and green basil types demonstrated different features in terms of fixed oil components. GB2, GB4 and GB5 basil genotypes which have green leaf types were superior according to the PCA. GB2 genotype obtained from Hungary was the better in terms of seed yield and fixed oil components among the purple and green basil genotypes used in this research.
Secado de hojas de muña (minthostachys mollis): Modelado, cinética y propiedades termodinámicas
Authors: Silva Paz Reynaldo J. , Silva Paz Reynaldo J. , Mateo Mendoza Dante K. , Eccoña Sota Amparo , Della Rocca Patricia A.
Published: September 2022

La hoja de muña se utiliza como infusión, posee propiedades farmacológicas y se usa para aliviar los síntomas digestivos y respiratorios. Por lo que, el secado es importante para la conservación y almacenamiento hasta su uso o procesamiento. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la influencia de la temperatura de secado sobre la cinética, coeficiente de difusión y las propiedades termodinámicas. Se trabajó con hojas de muña sometidos a diferentes pretratamientos (blanqueado a 1% de ácido ascórbico, inmersión en agua a 60 °C y sin pre tratamiento) secados a tres temperaturas (40, 50 y 60 °C). Se determinó el coeficiente de difusión efectiva, energía de activación y se describió el proceso de secado mediante ocho modelos matemáticos para representar la curva de secado. El modelo Logarítmico fue seleccionado como el de mayor ajuste para representar la cinética de secado de la muña.  Los valores de energía de activación fueron similares entre los tratamientos. El aumento de la temperatura promueve: disminución de la entalpía y la entropía; aumento de la energía libre de Gibbs y coeficiente de difusión efectivo. Por lo tanto, es fundamental reducir el contenido de agua mediante el secado para mantener la calidad de las hojas de muña.
Condición física de futbolistas adultos y jóvenes de un equipo profesional de Nicaragua
Authors: Pérez-Contreras Jorge , Villaseca-Vicuña Rodrigo , Zapata-Huenullán Carolina , Benavides-Roca Luis , Merino-Muñoz Pablo , Vidal-Maturana Francisco
Published: September 2022

En la actualidad, el fútbol es un deporte que demanda un alto desempeño físico, por lo que conocer las características de la condición física en las distintas categorías de desarrollo se hace fundamental para conducir un óptimo proceso de entrenamiento, de modo que, el objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la condición física de futbolistas de un club profesional de Nicaragua, según la categoría de edad en las cuales se desempeñaban. El presente es un estudio de tipo descriptivo, comparativo, de la condición física de 187 futbolistas, de edades entre 13 y 31 años, distribuidos por categoría según año de nacimiento y plantel profesional. El grupo PRO presenta mayor rendimiento en comparación a las categorías U13, U15, U17 y U21 (p < 0,001) en tiempo sprint lineal 10 metros (F = 71 y TE = 0,71), 30 metros (F = 85 y TE = 0,70), velocidad de tiro (F = 171 y TE = 0,81), Tiempo en test agilidad de Illinois (F = 77 y TE = 0,72) y metros recorridos en Yo-Yo de recuperación intermitente nivel 1 (F = 121 y TE = 0,73). Se puede concluir que existe un mayor rendimiento de los aspectos físicos por parte de las categorías de mayor edad. Estos resultados pueden servir de referencia o de parámetros de comparación de rendimiento físico de jugadores jóvenes y adultos a nivel nacional de Nicaragua.
SWAMI: A SWARM-INTELLIGENT OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE FOR VOLTAGE COLLAPSE MITIGATION
Authors: NDIDI OSEGI EMMANUEL , ALEXANDER WOKOMA BIOBELE , OTONYE OJUKA , SA BRUCE-ALLISON , CHICHI CHUJOR CORNELIUS
Published: September 2022

In this paper, a voltage collapse optimization system based on comparative studies of swarm-intelligent techniques is proposed for voltage collapse mitigation in power system network. The approach draws inspiration from the idea of utilizing the intelligent behavior of swarm-based artificial machine intelligence technique coined SWAMI for voltage collapse minimization or prevention through dynamic shunt compensation of overloaded power network buses. Several simulation studies have been conducted considering three very popular and successful SWAMI agents – the PSOM, BCOM and ACOM on an IEEE benchmark power network with promising results. Simulation studies showed that the PSOM SWAMI exhibited the most stable response in terms of voltage profile collapse and recovery from voltage collapse state after voltage sensitivity studies. Safe margins of loading and optimal shunt compensations are determined based on the SWAMI techniques.
GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATION OF GROUNDWATER POTENTIALS USING RESISTIVITY METHOD: A CASE STUDY OF ABU PHASE II STUDENTS’ HOSTEL
Authors: OGBOZIGE FRANCIS JAMES , SANI SADIQ MUHAMMAD
Published: September 2022

Geophysical survey for groundwater was conducted in two newly built halls of residence (hostels) named Dangote and Shehu Idris at the second phase of Ahmadu Bello University (ABU), Zaria in Nigeria. The vertical electrical sounding (VES) technique of resistivity method was employed with Schlumberger array in seven VES points distributed within the two hostels. Results showed that 4 to 6 geoelectric layers exist within the study area for a spacing of at most 200 m between current electrodes. The resistivity values of the geoelectric layers in all the VES points ranged from 26.6 Ωm – 30342 Ωm while the thickness and depth ranged from 0.263 m – 40.34 m and 0.572 m – 50.66 m respectively. However, four VES points (two in each hostel) were identified to be suitable for borehole drilling though, three out of these four VES points have single aquifer in each with resistivity and thickness ranging from 34.4 Ωm – 40.57 Ωm and 2.02 m – 7.49 m respectively. Conversely, the fourth VES point has two aquifers positioned at the third and fifth layers with resistivity values ranging from 26.6 Ωm – 51.4 Ωm and thickness ranging from 1.93 m – 18.7 m. It was recommended that among the four VES points (two in each hostel) identified to contain aquifers, priority should be given to the ones with larger thickness in each hostel.
SOFTWARE INTEGRATION TYPE CAD-CAM-CAE IN PRODUCT LIFECYCLE MANAGEMENT
Authors: OLARU IONEL
Published: September 2022

Abstract: Using the CAD-CAM-CAE type programs, case studies can be carried out to analyze some industrial tasks that may occur in the realization, manufacture, and operation of certain industrial components, before they are manufactured and put into operation under normal conditions. operation. Computer programs that perform a virtual modeling and an analysis of them based on the finite element method, help reduce launch and production times, control, and review of industrial products, before making the physical model. All this information resulting from simulations with specialized programs will be analyzed in detail, and the design team within the company can take the right measures to improve the final product.