bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Rhizobium on Nodule Growth and Yield of Soybean (Glycine max L.)
Authors: Budiastuti M.T.S. , Setyaningrum D. , . Supriyono , Purnomo D.
Published: January 2025

Background: Soybean production in Indonesia needs to be improved to fulfill 9.15% of its needs. This causes the level of soybean imports in Indonesia to be very high. Production imbalances and needs encourage the intensification of soybean cultivation. Intensification efforts are carried out with appropriate fertilization. Soybeans are a plant from the Leguminaceae family so that they can have a symbiotic relationship with many microorganisms, including rhizobium. This research examines the effect of nitrogen fertilizer and rhizobium on nodule growth and soybean yield. Methods: The method used was a two-factor factorial completely randomized design. The first factor is the dose of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg.ha-1). The second factor was Rhizobium (control, inoculant, and soybean used soil). Data analysis was carried out by analysis of variance, if there is a significant difference, it was continued with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at the 5% level. Result: Nitrogen fertilizer reduces the number of effective root nodules. Still, it tends to increase the variables of plant height, number of leaves, root shoot ratio, plant biomass, number of pods per plant, and seed weight per plant. The optimum dose of nitrogen fertilizer to support soybean growth and yield is 95 kg.ha-1. Application of rhizobium can increase soybean yield. Application of rhizobium inoculation can increase the number of effective root nodules and seed weight per planting. The combination of nitrogen fertilizer and rhizobium inoculation can support the intensification of soybean cultivation in Indonesia.
Introduction: Universal Development – Research and Practice
Authors: Longhurst Richard
Published: January 2025

Development policy, practice and research have largely adhered to a North–South, geographic and aid-driven view of the world. Over the last ten years the approaches of South–South cooperation have also come to prominence. However, more attention is being paid to universal development based on the assumption that development challenges are as relevant for the North as for the South, with many common problems. More needs to be known about the nature of learning from South to North in order to complete the paradigm of universal development. The articles chosen for this Archive Collection are addressed to how South and North approaches to development can be interlinked: they show that this topic has been debated for many years. With the advent of the Sustainable Development Goals, there is now a framework in place with which to address a universal approach to development.
Social Network of Catfish Farming Entrepreneurs “Jaka Sura” in Tegal Regency
Authors: Inggit Rosama , Aji Gustaman Fulia
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyze the social network owned by the Jaka Sura catfish farming unit and the Jaka Sura unit utilizes the social network. The research used primary data and secondary data. Primary data obtained directly in the field are in the form of interview results, observation results, and documentation. Secondary data was obtained through study literature in the form of journals, and accreditation articles. The method used is qualitative using Marx Granovetter's social network theory. The validity of the data was tested using the triangulation technique method. The results of this study show that the social network owned by Jaka Sura is in the form of a production network and a distribution network. The production network includes seed suppliers, family labor and, non-family labor. Meanwhile, the distribution network includes wholesalers and collectors. The use of social networks provides convenience and benefits for actors and provides wider access to information for Jaka Sura to develop catfish farming.
Analisis Ekokritik dalam Peran Pandawara Group Tentang Sampah Melalui Media Tiktok
Authors: Alghony Ahmad Bustami
Published: January 2025

This research aims to analyze ecocriticism in the Pandawara Group's role regarding waste through the social media TikTok. as the main object in this study. Activities carried out by the Pandawara Group provide positive comments from various elements of society who use social media, especially TikTok. This research method uses a qualitative descriptive research method with data analysis techniques in this research, using data collection techniques that involve two interrelated components, namely Ecology and Literature. The results of the research in this study show that the ecological transformation in literary learning carried out by the Pandawara Group has been successful, but the awareness that exists among Indonesian society itself has made the ecological transformation uneven in several parts.
THE STATE, DEVELOPMENT, DEMOCRACY, AND PEACE IN UNRECOGNISED SOMALILAND
Authors: Siborutorop Jonathan
Published: January 2025

This study examines the national state-building experiment in Somaliland, an unrecognised state in the Horn of Africa, in the three decades after its independence from Somalia in 1991. There are three dimensions of national state-building in Somaliland discussed in this study, namely economic growth, political development (with a particular emphasis on democratisation), and peacebuilding. This study uses a qualitative-descriptive methodology, utilising previous studies and mass media publications to assess the role of the Somalilander state vis-à-vis those three dimensions. This study discovered that the Somalilander state and its government can be considered as a strong state. Furthermore, the Somalilander state has an instrumental role in encouraging economic growth by way of cooperation with national and foreign business interests, encouraging political development through a highly successful, novel method of democratisation and political institutionalisation through deliberation and consensus in cooperation with traditional and religious institutions present in the country’s territory, and encourages peacebuilding within the country’s territory by neutralising threats of terrorism and horizontal interclan conflict through inclusive state governance. This study also finds that the Somalilander government’s role is central in uniting the various clans and armed militia groups of the country into unified state institutions, in a way that is absent in southern Somalia. Therefore, this study finds that the “Somalilander Way” as practiced by the Somalilander government for the past three decades is a good example for other states in the world coming out from conflicts.
PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER BERBASIS INOVASI PADA SAAT BELAJAR DARING DI SDIT BANDAR LAMPUNG SELAMA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Ruswanto  , Kalsum Umi , Sunarto
Published: January 2025

Thei Covid-19 paindeimic hais haid ai significaint impaict on vairious aispeicts of lifei, including thei eiducaition seictor. Thei closurei of schools aind thei shift to distaincei leiairning preiseinteid maijor chailleingeis in deiveiloping chairaicteir eiducaition ait Inteigraiteid Islaimic Eileimeintairy Schools (SDIT). This study aiims to eixplorei thei chailleingeis aind innovaitions impleimeinteid in chairaicteir eiducaition ait Inteigraiteid Islaimic Eileimeintairy Schools (SDIT) Peirmaitai Bundai aind Inteigraiteid Islaimic Eileimeintairy Schools (SDIT) Peilitai Khoitul Ummaih in Baindair Laimpung during thei Covid-19 paindeimic. Thei reiseiairch meithod useid is quailitaitivei with ai caisei study aipproaich, involving in-deipth inteirvieiws with teiaicheirs, studeints, aind paireints, ais weill ais ainailysis of school prograim documeintaition. Thei reisults indicaitei thait Inteigraiteid Islaimic Eileimeintairy Schools (SDIT) Baindair Laimpung faiceid vairious chailleingeis, such ais limiteid sociail inteiraiction, difficultieis in aicceissing teichnology, aind thei disruption of sociail aind reiligious aictivitieis. Howeiveir, thei schools succeieideid in deiveiloping seiveirail innovaitions, such ais thei usei of teichnology in onlinei leiairning, projeict-baiseid leiairning, aind increiaiseid collaiboraition with paireints. Thei rolei of paireints wais ailso cruciail in supporting theiir childrein to einsurei thait chairaicteir eiducaition continueid eiffeictiveily, deispitei thei shift to onlinei leiairning. This study concludeis thait ailthough thei paindeimic poseid vairious chailleingeis, it ailso eincouraigeid thei creiaition of ai morei fleixiblei aind aidaiptivei chairaicteir eiducaition modeil thait cain bei aipplieid in thei futurei. Reicommeindaitions airei provideid to streingthein thei collaiboraition beitweiein schools aind paireints in supporting thei deiveilopmeint of studeints' chairaicteir in thei futurei.
Activités et réunions internationales. Projet d'accord international sur les bois tropicaux préparé par la CNUCED. (Conférence des Nations Unies pour le commerce et le développement)
Authors: Rédacteur de la revue Bois et Forêts des Tropiques
Published: January 2025

Pas de résumé
Fronteiras entre o espaço rural e o urbano
Authors: Ferrão André Munhoz de Argollo
Published: January 2025

A compreensão das fronteiras entre o espaço urbano e o espaço rural passa não só pelo Urbanismo ou pela Engenharia, mas também pela Arquitetura Rural – entendida como uma disciplina que abrange o contexto mais amplo dos processos que desenham a paisagem agrícola e a paisagem rural. Torna-se plena a partir de uma análise dos processos de desenvolvimento de um país cuja população, em sua grande maioria, vive nas cidades (espaços urbanos), porém, ainda na dependência dos produtos do campo (espaços rural e agrícola). Diversos autores ainda representam o rural como contraposto ao urbano, porém, em muitas regiões do Brasil e do mundo, embora esta contraposição ainda possa fazer algum sentido, o conceito contemporâneo de desenvolvimento baseado na resiliência dos territórios e na sustentabilidade dos processos que sobre eles se realizam, vem reforçar uma nítida distinção entre os meios urbano e rural, sem que necessariamente se caracterizem como contraposto um do outro. Este artigo apresenta uma discussão aprofundada sobre as fronteiras entre o espaço rural e o urbano.
Dívida pública e sovereign rating como limites ao corporate rating na União Europeia em crise
Authors: Firmino Ramos Maria Raquel
Published: January 2025

A influência da dívida pública no grau de fiabilidade e solvabilidade dos países representa grande impacto na emissão do sovereign rating pelas agências de classificação de risco. Essas agências foram postas em desconfiança, sobremaneira, após a crise do subprime. Sabe-se que o sovereign rating dos Estados-membros da União Europeia mais afetados pela crise apresenta nível alarmante, indicando um dos maiores fatores para que essas agências lhes atribuíssem junk ratings. Em razão dessa queda da confiança, até então inabalável dos investidores no mercado europeu, a atribuição desses ratings provoca spillover-effects em toda a União Europeia e no mundo. O presente artigo, então, objetiva verificar como as agências de risco são regulamentadas após a crise de 2007-2008. Ademais, visa analisar em que medida a relação entre dívida pública e sovereign rating configura um dos empecilhos para uma melhor classificação do corporate rating dos agentes econômicos do mercado comum europeu.
Direito à saúde, pedidos de patente e parcerias: o caso do Sofosbuvir no TCU
Authors: Chein Feres Marcos Vinício , Goretti Villa Verde Rômulo
Published: January 2025

A presente investigação visa a compreender como os pedidos de patente têm sido utilizados como instrumentos de oposição às Parcerias para o Desenvolvimento Produtivo no Brasil. Para tanto, a partir das diretrizes metodológicas apresentadas por Robert Yin e de uma perspectiva crítica sobre a propriedade intelectual, tal como proposto por Christopher May e Susan Sell, é realizado um estudo de caso único, holístico e descritivo sobre o caso do Sofosbuvir, analisado pelo Tribunal de Contas da União. Como resultado, corroborando-se a hipótese inicialmente proposta, foi possível inferir que os pedidos de patente pendentes no Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial, assim como as medidas TRIPS-plus existentes no ordenamento jurídico pátrio, estão sendo utilizados como uma tentativa de obstaculizar importantes políticas públicas e de expandir o monopólio de fato de sociedades empresárias transnacionais sobre tecnologias de saúde em território brasileiro.
Acumulación de doble sanción como forma de garantizar el control externo de la administración pública
Authors: Pedrolli Serretti André
Published: January 2025

Esta pesquisa analisa como o Supremo Tribunal Federal aborda a relação entre o direito penal e o direito administrativo,  especialmente nas situações em que ambos impõem sanções pelos mesmos fatos. Examina-se o fundamento constitucional do direito penal e seu controle de constitucionalidade, considerando que a Constituição é a referência legítima para a intervenção penal em um Estado Democrático de Direito, através de um método jurídico hermenêutico denominado ponderação. Investiga-se o princípio non bis in idem e sua presença na Constituição brasileira, bem como as condições para sua aplicação. Argumenta-se que permitir sanções criminais e administrativas para o mesmo ato é essencial para garantir a transparência no exercício das funções estatais, embora se reconheça que em outros países, como Espanha e Chile, esta acumulação nem sempre é considerada adequada. Isso engendra a necessidade de analisar sua aplicação no contexto brasileiro.
Factor Influencing Delayed Completion in Mathematics Students at Nusa Cendana University: A Factor Analysis Approach
Authors: Sinu Elisabeth Brielin , Atti Astri
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to identify and analyze factors contributing to the delay in the study period of students enrolled in the Mathematics Program at the Faculty of Science and Engineering (FST), Nusa Cendana University (UNDANA). The research employed a comprehensive analytical approach, starting with validity and reliability tests, followed by descriptive analysis, and culminating in factor analysis. Initially, 27 variables were considered; however, after conducting validity and reliability assessments, 18 variables were deemed suitable for further analysis. These 18 variables were subjected to factor analysis, revealing that they could be consolidated into four distinct factors, collectively accounting for 68.734% of the total variability observed among the students. The four identified factors influencing study delays are (1) student and supervisor commitment to completing the final project, (2) campus and peer support, (3) intelligence and discipline, and (4) motivation and relationships. Among these, the commitment of students and their supervisors to the timely completion of the final project emerged as the most dominant factor, demonstrating 43.417% of the total variance. The findings highlight the crucial role of both individual dedication and external support systems in ensuring timely academic progress, offering valuable insights for improving student outcomes in the Mathematics Program at UNDANA.
Indonesian Inflation Forecasting with Recurrent Neural Network Long Short-Term Memory (RNN-LSTM)
Authors: Hermansah  , Muhajir Muhammad , Canas Rodrigues Paulo
Published: January 2025

This study forecasted inflation in Indonesia using the Recurrent Neural Network Long Short-Term Memory (RNN-LSTM) model, ideal for nonlinear, complex time series data. It evaluated the effects of different activation functions, such as Logistic, Gompertz, and Hyperbolic Tangent (tanh); and weight update methods, such as Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) and Adaptive Gradient (AdaGrad) on RNN-LSTM performance. Monthly inflation data from January 2005 to December 2023 underwent preprocessing, including normalization and autoregressive lag-based input selection. Model accuracy was assessed with Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The findings indicated that the RNN-LSTM model with the logistic activation function and SGD optimization achieved the highest accuracy, outperforming traditional models such as Exponential Smoothing (ETS), Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Feedforward Neural Network (FFNN), and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). Additionally, optimal learning rate and epoch values were identified, enhancing model stability and precision. In conclusion, the study confirms that the RNN-LSTM model is effective for inflation forecasting when optimized with specific activation functions and optimization methods. It recommends further exploration of neuron configurations and alternative models, such as the Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), to improve forecast accuracy.
Increasing Revisit Intention Through Interpretation Media Design in Gunung Wayang Agrotourism
Authors: Silaningsih Endang , Magdalena Melani Maria , Budi Setiawan Ade , Luthfiany Delia , Hakim Luqman , Zidan Muhamad , Shabila Wenintias Siti
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this Community Partnership Program is to enhance the visitor experience at Gunung Wayang Agrotourism through the development of interpretation media. Interpretation connects visitors with attractions by providing essential information, particularly when direct communication is not feasible. Gunung Wayang Agrotourism, located in Gunung Endut Village, Sukabumi Regency,offers various facilities such as swimming pools, playgrounds, gazebos, coffee shops, exhibition stages, fruit gardens, traditional culinary experiences, and nature exploration. Despite its diverse attractions, the absence of effective interpretation media negatively affects visitor satisfaction, with approximately 40% of visitors expressing dissatisfaction due to limited informational tools, such as inadequate signage and information boards. The methods employed in this program include participatory and collaborative approaches, involving surveys, interviews, discussions, trials, and evaluations. The outcomes of the program include recommendations for improving interpretation facilities, such as creating a more detailed and visually informative 3D layout map and designing clearer directional signage to provide easy-to-follow guidance for visitors. These enhancements aim to improve visitors' understanding and enjoyment of the site, fostering a more engaging experience. With these improvements, it is anticipated that visitor satisfaction will increase, encouraging repeat visits and supporting the sustainable development of Gunung Wayang Agrotourism.
The Training on The Use of GeoGebra for Mathematics Teachers in Jayapura District
Authors: Ruru Yacob , Wahyudi Irfan , Mariati Hutabarat Ida
Published: January 2025

This community service activity aims to provide an understanding of mathematical concepts in plane geometry material, create plane geometry material modules and tutorials in using the Geogebra application, explain and demonstrate and provide tutorials for the GeoGebra application, and provide assistance to partners in terms of mathematical concepts and their use with the application. GeoGebra. The stages used in this trial consist of 3 stages, namely: 1) Preparation stage, namely compiling training material 2) Implementation stage, this aims to determine the effect of GeoGebra-assisted learning on understanding mathematical concepts in the material 3) Final stage. The methods used to support the success of this program are in the form of training, demonstrations and exercises/practice or tutorials. This PKM activity went well where the teachers gained new knowledge and skills in using the GeoGebra application in the learning process. It is recommended for teachers to further explore the use of the GeoGebra application, because there are many other GeoGebra application displays such as geometric shapes, statistics, functions and graphs, differentials and others.
Crafting Success: Amplifying Public Speaking and Personal Branding for Kinabalu High School Students, Malaysia
Authors: Herlitah  , Febrilia Ika , Febriantina Susan , Nindito Marsellisa , Zulaihati Sri , Dianta A Karuniana , Nurmalasari Dewi , Mundiharno
Published: January 2025

Public speaking is a critical component of strengthening personal branding, as it allows individuals to build credibility, connect authentically with their audience, and demonstrate their expertise. This article provides an overview of how public speaking and personal branding create success for high school students, along with effective strategies for leveraging these skills using descriptive analytical methods. The importance of public speaking in personal branding is highlighted, including its role in increasing visibility and credibility, enabling authentic connections, and positioning individuals as thought leaders. Strategies for effective public speaking are discussed, such as crafting a compelling narrative, knowing your audience, mastering non-verbal communication, leveraging technology and social media, and continuous improvement. Challenges in overcoming public speaking anxiety are discussed, with suggestions such as thorough preparation by mastering the material well, visualization techniques, and focusing on the value provided to the audience. The article concludes by emphasizing that mastering public speaking is a powerful tool for shaping and enhancing personal branding, and that by using effective strategies and continually refining skills, individuals can significantly enhance their professional identity and create lasting impressions that foster career growth.
Workshop on Developing Gamification Teaching Materials to Enhance Students' Literacy and Numeracy
Authors: Feriyanto F , Zahara Soffa , Afkar Taswirul , Istiqomah Oktavia , Sholikha Miftakhus
Published: January 2025

This community development program was conducted at SMPN 1 Gedeg, Mojokerto, East Java, to enhance students' literacy and numeracy skills through the development of gamification-based teaching materials integrated with local wisdom. The project, funded by the Ministry of Education, Research, and Technology, aimed to address gaps in digital learning resources and improve teacher competence in creating engaging and effective teaching tools. The methodology involved three phases: preparation, implementation, and evaluation. In the preparation stage, the needs of the school were identified through coordination with school administrators. The implementation phase included workshops and mentoring sessions, where teachers from both SMPN 1 Gedeg and affiliated schools were trained in developing digital learning materials using gamification techniques. Participants showed a significant increase in their knowledge and skills, as demonstrated by a 74.42% improvement in post-test scores. The evaluation phase revealed the program's effectiveness in improving both teachers’ digital competencies and students’ literacy and numeracy performance. However, challenges such as the technological proficiency of senior teachers were identified, highlighting areas for future improvements. Overall, this initiative successfully promoted innovative teaching practices aligned with the national curriculum.
Libraries On the Hill:
Authors: Carr-Wiggin Merran , Gareau-Brennan Céline , Carrier Hélène , McNally Michael
Published: January 2025

This exploratory study analyzes the advocacy practices and outputs of three national associations representing libraries and organizations of various types: the Canadian Association of Research Libraries (CARL), the Canadian Urban Libraries Council (CULC), and the Canadian Federation of Library Associations-Fédération canadienne des associations de bibliothèques (CFLA-FCAB). Data was collected from a variety of sources, including the associations’ websites, records of federal government consultations and lobbying activities. A thematic analysis was conducted using open coding and visual theme mapping, and the results analyzed using Schein’s model for understanding organizational culture. The results provide important insights into publicly available advocacy work by these associations since 2016. By providing the first step of quantifying advocacy work by Canadian library associations, this study lays the groundwork for further investigation to explore the impact of library association advocacy and to identify successful patterns and strategies for advocacy initiatives in the future.
Implementing and Learning from a Summer Research Data Management Training Program for Student Researchers
Authors: Read Kevin B. , Rutley Sarah
Published: January 2025

Background
This study explores a library-led research data management (RDM) training program at a Canadian post-secondary institution that targeted students participating in summer research assistantships as well as their faculty supervisors. This paper describes the program in detail and shares findings from a student reflection assignment about practicing RDM for the first time.
Methods
The RDM training program included four requirements: attending an introductory RDM session; attending a data management plan (DMP) workshop; submitting a DMP for feedback; and completing a reflection assignment. Where consent was obtained (n=19), reflection assignments were analyzed using a qualitative content analysis approach.  
Results
35 faculty supervisors registered 53 students to participate. 62.2% (n=33) of students completed all components of the program. Perceived benefits of completing a DMP included improved project planning, supporting best practices, potential for data reuse, and team communication. Perceived challenges included the inflexibility of DMPs, difficulty populating DMPs, demands on researchers’ time, and lack of long-term utility. 73.6% of students (n=14/19) reported that building a DMP helped them with their summer projects.
Conclusion
Through instruction, practical engagement, and reflection within the context of real-world research, the program supported participants in learning about and practicing RDM, and provided insights for academic librarians who wish to refine or develop training in their local contexts as they continue to navigate emerging expectations from funders and publishers.
Novel simultaneous oil-water separation strategy with Janus membrane via integrating two opposite wettability microfibers
Authors: Xia Yumin , Jin Wenbin , Wan Hai , Zhang Yao , Liang Yuan , Huang Shuohan , Chen Yuwei , Wei Peng , Wang Yanping , He Yong
Published: January 2025

In the realm of oil-water separation, a prevalent issue is the inherent limitation of most materials to exhibit either hydrophilicity or lipophilicity. This singular affinity impedes the seamless separation of light oil/water and water/heavy oil mixtures. Although some materials have been identified to exhibit Janus wettability—encompassing both lipophilic and hydrophilic properties—further refinement of experimental strategies is essential to accommodate the diverse requirements of separating these mixtures. Our research introduces an innovative approach by mechanically grinding fibers to create two microfibers with distinct wettabilities. Subsequently, an interdigital Janus microfiber membrane (IJMM) was crafted through a filtration process. This IJMM demonstrated exceptional efficiency in the continuous separation of the three-phase system involving light oil, water, and heavy oil, achieving average separation rates of 94% for light oil, 96.7% for water, and 93% for heavy oil. This development effectively addresses the challenge of needing to modify conditions for the separation of various oil/water mixtures. Moreover, we formulated a mixed oil (MO) with a density comparable to that of water for separation, which was designed to replicate the non-stratified conditions of oil and water in complex environments. The IJMM was capable of efficiently and simultaneously separating the MO/water mixtures, with average separation efficiencies of 98.7% for MO and 96.7% for water. Consequently, our membrane via integrating two opposite wettability microfibers presents a novel strategy for the continuous and simultaneous separation of light oil/water/heavy oil mixtures, offering promising prospects for oil-water separation in complex applications with non-stratified conditions.
MassCube: a Python framework for end-to-end metabolomics data processing from raw files to phenotype classifiers
Authors: Fiehn Oliver , Yu Huaxu , Ding Jun , Shen Tong , Liu Min , Li Yuanyue
Published: January 2025

Nontargeted peak detection in LC-MS-based metabolomics must become robust and benchmarked. We present MassCube, a Python-based open-source framework for MS data processing that we systematically benchmarked against other algorithms and different types of input data. From raw data, peaks are detected by constructing mass traces through signal clustering and Gaussian-filter assisted edge detection. Peaks are then grouped for adduct and in-source fragment detection, and compounds are annotated by both identity- and fuzzy searches. Final data tables undergo quality controls and can be used for metabolome-informed phenotype prediction. Peak detection in MassCube achieves 100% signal coverage with comprehensive reporting of chromatographic metadata for quality assurance. MassCube outperforms MS-DIAL, MZmine3 or XCMS for speed, isomer detection, and accuracy. It supports diverse numerical routines for MS data analysis while maintaining efficiency, capable for handling 105 GB of Astral MS data on a laptop within 64 minutes, while other programs took 8-24 times longer. MassCube automatically detected age, sex and regional differences when applied to the Metabolome Atlas of the Aging Mouse Brain data despite batch effects. MassCube is available at https://github.com/huaxuyu/masscube for direct use or implementation into larger applications in omics or biomedical research.
The role of unbalanced segmental duplication in sex chromosome evolution in Australian ridge-tailed goannas
Authors: Dobry Jason , Zhu Zexian , Zhou Qi , Wapstra Erik , Deakin Janine E. , Ezaz Tariq
Published: January 2025

Varanids are known for conserved sex chromosomes, but there are differences in the size of the W chromosome among species representing varying stages of sex chromosome evolution. We tested for homology of the ZW sex chromosome system with size differences in varanids among four species from two lineages in Australia, the Odatria and the Gouldii. We found that while DNA sequences of the sex chromosomes are conserved in the species we tested, we also identified a homologous region on an enlarged autosomal microchromosome that shares sequences with the W chromosome in some isolated populations of V. acanthurus and V. citrinus from the Odatria lineage. The enlarged microchromosome was unpaired in all individuals tested and is likely an unbalanced segmental duplication translocated between chromosome 1, the W, and another microchromosome. This suggests an ancient balanced duplication homologous to the W and the terminal region of the long arm of chromosome 1. The most parsimonious explanation is that the duplicated region likely originated on chromosome 1. We hypothesised in our reconstruction that genes and related DNA sequences associated with the sex-linkage group have likely originated on an autosome. Subsequently, the sequences may have undergone duplication and translocation to the W chromosome, followed by the accumulation of lineage specific repeat elements and amplifications on the W at different rates in various lineages. Lastly, these sequences are likely to have undergone duplication and translocation to another autosomal microchromosome. Given the role of segemental duplications and translocations as important evolutionary drivers of speciation in other taxa, our findings provide broader insight into the evolutionary pathway leading to rapid chromosomal and genic divergence of species.
Overcoming Activity/Stability Tradeoffs in CO Oxidation Catalysis by Pt/CeO2
Authors: Serna Pedro , Bohigues Benjamin , Rojas-Buzo Sergio , Salusso Davide , Xia Yu , Corma Avelino , Bordiga Silvia , Boronat Mercedes , Willhammar Tom , Moliner Manuel
Published: January 2025

The use of redox active metal oxides to support noble metals is critical in the design of highly-active CO oxidation catalysts for gas emissions control. Unfortunately, supports promoting the activity, such as CeO2, tend also to promote acute catalyst deactivation by turning highly-active metallic Pt clusters into less-active PtOx species, under practical reaction conditions (high-temperature and/or the excess of O2). This leads to a problematic activity/stability tradeoff where Pt/CeO2 catalysts, highly-active, and Pt on non-reducible supports, highly stable, are bookends.
Herein, we report a method to trap Pt at V-shaped pockets/stepped sites of CeO2 that break this undesired correlation by showing both high activity and stability in the CO oxidation reaction. O2-aged catalysts are ~3-times more active than state-of-the-art Pt/CeO2 catalysts under steady reaction conditions, and ~40-times more active than best Pt@zeolite catalysts. XAS, CO-DRIFT, XPS, HAADF-STEM, and DFT are used to infer that the generation of low order metallic Pt clusters connected to two crystallographic planes of the support is key to inhibit (deactivating) re-oxidation paths of the metal, as a result of the high-energy required to form disordered/distorted PtOx ensembles at these positions. This new material allows, thus, to operate outside the commonly observed, limiting, activity/stability tradeoff.
Reconfigurable azobenzene liquid crystal elastomers programming towards differentiated biomimetic actuations
Authors: Han Li , Liu Ting , Yang Jiaxin , Jiang Jie , Yin Lu , Bai Hongyuan , Ma Hongwei , Guo Tenglong , zhao yue , Li Yang
Published: January 2025

High value-added azobenzene liquid crystal elastomers (AZO-LCEs) derived from styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymer (SBS) are herein developed. The glassy polystyrene (PS) domains in SBS that spontaneously separate from LCEs can provide the self-supporting template during actuation and lock in the LC orientation, enabling reprogrammable, reshapable and recyclable AZO-LCE actuators. The decoupling effect between the oriented LC and the continuous polybutadiene (PB) phase in SBS leads to the arrangement of side-chain mesogens perpendicular to the main chain, and the simultaneous synergistic effect between them enables AZO-LCE actuators to exhibit differentiated auxetic behaviours as the temperature transition from LC to isotropic phase (TLC-I) varies. To achieve a large actuation strain, the bilayer “Janus” actuators with orthogonal LC actuation forces are designed to be driven synergistically by the angular forces of the cutting angles, enabling the bionic applications (like peasecod morphology and the flower blooming) with superior designability. Under the prestored stresses inside the aforementioned “Janus” actuators, the bionic athletes can perform vivid activities. By assembling right- and left-handed actuators sensitive to TLC-I, they exhibit selective and differentiated actions. Upon programming the microscopic and macroscopic behaviours, these easily implementable AZO-LCE actuators provide valuable insights for further development of soft robots.
Cluster trials inference with CARE
Authors: Alexeev Sergey , Morton Rachael
Published: January 2025

We show that public health cluster-randomised trials (CRTs) feature highly heterogeneous clusters — an underreported issue exacerbated by pragmatic design approaches. This heterogeneity is neglected in simulations and unacknowledged in practice, compromising the reliability of statistical inferences. Through simulations — both fully artificial and placebo regressions using real trial data — we demonstrate that, alarmingly, in the settings commonly used, up to 62% of CRTs report false-positive findings and that small-sample corrections deemed appropriate in the trial literature are not improving the quality of inference. To address this, we introduce the CARE (Clarify, Apply, Refine, Evaluate) protocol, which leverages partial identification principles to provide reliable statistical conclusions and a structured, assumption-aware framework for safe data exploration. The protocol preserves the convenience of pragmatic trial designs while ensuring their statistical validity and also maximises the scientific value of often costly trials by integrating robust, frequentist, and efficient (Bayesian) methods.
Role of Pediatric Nephrologist in Williams Syndrome: care from childhood to adulthood
Authors: Moroni Arianna , Rios Hector , Larramendi Carmen , Lasa Amaia , Valenzuela Irene , Roses Ferran , Dolader Paola , Iraola Maria Gema Ariceta
Published: January 2025

Williams syndrome is a relatively rare genetic disorder caused by the deletion of a segment of DNA on chromosome 7q11.23, which encodes the protein elastin. It is characterized by a distinctive clinical phenotype, with key features including cardiovascular abnormalities, facial features and intellectual disability, along with associated endocrine, urological and gastrointestinal manifestations. This retrospective observational study evaluates 68 individuals (15 children and 53 adults) diagnosed with Williams syndrome who are under follow-up at our center. The objectives of this study are to analyze the clinical manifestations, examine the natural history of the disease with potential differences between pediatric and adult presentations, and underscore the role of pediatric nephrology in the multidisciplinary management of these patients.
Renal involvement was assessed based on the presence or absence of arterial hypertension, hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, nephrocardiosis, urinary tract abnormalities, glomerular renal function, and symptoms such as enuresis. The rates of kidney involvement were generally similar between the two age groups in our sample, with the exception of hypertension, which affected nearly half of the children but only about 20% of adults. This study emphasizes the importance of including pediatric nephrologists as key members of the multidisciplinary team managing patients with Williams syndrome.
Evaluating Machine Learning Algorithms for Enhanced Prediction of Student Academic Performance
Authors: Kumar Prince
Published: January 2025

This study aims to evaluate and compare the predictive performance of decision trees, random forests, support vector machines, and neural networks in forecasting student academic outcomes based on academic and demographic factors. The research utilizes a dataset from the UCI Machine Learning Repository, encompassing student performance data from Portuguese secondary schools. The results indicate that neural networks and random forests achieved the highest accuracy rates of 87.4% and 85.6%, respectively, suggesting their potential for effective educational analytics and early intervention strategies. These findings underscore the importance of leveraging machine learning techniques to enhance educational outcomes through targeted support and resource allocation.
Technology-Based interventions to address internet addictive behaviors: systematic review
Authors: Mora Verónica Fernanda Peñafiel , Juca María Fernanda Granda , Gonzalez Luis Otto Parra
Published: January 2025

Objective
Internet addictive behaviors result from abnormal internet use, including neglecting responsibilities and experiencing anxiety when offline. This systematic review analyzes technology-based interventions addressing these behaviors, focusing on effectiveness and user interaction.
Methods
A literature search was conducted across three digital libraries and two high-impact journals, focusing on peer-reviewed articles published in Q1 or Q2 journals between January 2022 and June 2024. Studies evaluating digital addiction interventions and user interaction were included, while reviews, editorials, gray literature, and studies without clear intervention descriptions were excluded. The review covered randomized controlled trials, comparative studies, wearables, and mobile health apps. Five research questions were addressed using 17 evaluation criteria. Data extraction answered the sub-questions. The review followed Barbara Kitchenham's guidelines, applying a rigorous selection and quality assessment process. Primary inclusion was verified using the Kappa coefficient for inter-rater agreement, and article quality was evaluated with established criteria. The content adhered to PRISMA guidelines. In total, 11 articles were included.
Findings:
The review found variability in intervention effectiveness, with personalized, real-time feedback interventions having the greatest impact on reducing screen time and addiction symptoms. Less effective interventions lacked personalization.
Conclusions
The study highlighted the most commonly used technology-based interventions and their effectiveness in reducing symptoms and screen time, as well as improving user satisfaction and treatment adherence. Research gaps were identified, including the need for data on quality characteristics and software requirements for personalizing interventions using new technology.
Predicting Edema in Liver Cirrhosis Patients: Development and Validation of Multivariable Machine Learning Models
Authors: Mathew Helbi
Published: January 2025

Purpose: Edema is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal accumulation of fluid within body tissues, commonly affecting the extremities, such as legs and arms. It is a common complication of liver cirrhosis, a disease characterized by fibrosis and impaired liver function. Although edema may not pose an immediate threat to life, managing it is essential for reducing patient discomfort, keeping track of cirrhosis progression, and avoiding further complications. This study aims to construct machine learning models to predict the likelihood of edema in liver cirrhosis patients.
Methods: This research uses data from a Mayo Clinic trial on primary biliary cirrhosis (1974-1984) with 424 patients. Eight classification algorithms—logistic regression, decision trees, support vector machine, random forests, neural networks, XGBoost, AdaBoost, and k-nearest neighbors—were evaluated for predicting the probability of edema. Correlations between the decisive attributes were also analyzed. Risk stratification was performed based on predicted probabilities from the top performing model.
Results: Random Forest with 10-fold cross validation, exhibited better performance(accuracy > 90%) in identifying potential edema (precision > 80%), whereas neural network and logistic regression showcased better sensitivity (> 81%).
Conclusion: Random forest model is the most suitable model to identify potential edema in cirrhosis patients. Such a system can help physicians to mitigate the risk of fluid imbalance early on.
Infliximab and Adalimumab Monitoring versus Clinical Control during Maintenance Therapy in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: MUÑOZ-VILLAFRANCA MARIA DEL CARMEN , OCHOA OLGA MERINO , GÓMEZ TRINIDAD , HIGUERA REBECA , ARREBA PAZ , IBAÑEZ SYLVIA , NAGORE DANIEL , RUIZ BEGOÑA , GOROSTIZA IÑIGO , DE ZÁRATE JONE ORTIZ
Published: January 2025

Introduction & Aims
Although the serum levels of infliximab (IFX) and adalimumab (ADA) are correlated with the clinical response in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the optimal management strategy during maintenance therapy remains controversial. We performed a randomized trial to determine whether proactive monitoring drug in patients with inflammatory bowel disease is better than control clinical to keep clinical remission
Methods
We conducted a randomized, prospective, multicenter trial involving 209 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) who had been in clinical remission for at least 12 weeks. Patients were randomized into two groups: 104 in the TDM group and 105 in the clinical practice (CP) group. In the TDM group, the dosing and intervals of IFX and ADA were adjusted at each visit to maintain optimal serum concentrations (3–7 μg/mL for IFX and 5–8 μg/mL for ADA). The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients who remained in clinical remission at 12 months of follow-up. The secondary endpoints included the number of disease flares, duration of clinical remission, rate of hospital admissions related to IBD, and quality of life
Results
The primary endpoint of remission was achieved in 94 patients (90.3%) in the TDM group and 86 patients (81.9%) in the CP group, with a difference of 8.4%
between the groups (p = 0.079; 95% CI: –17.70.91). The mean duration of remission over the 12-month follow-up was significantly longer in the TDM group [48.04 ± 10.76 weeks] than in the CP group [45.69 ± 14.21 weeks] (p = 0.03). The number of disease flares was lower in the TDM group (15 flares) than inthe CP group (24 flares). At baseline, optimal IFX levels were present in 51 patients (48.5%), and optimal ADA levels were present in 36 patients (35.3%).
Conclusions
In this prospective randomized trial of patients with CD or UC in clinical remission receiving IFX or ADA, compared withstandard clinical management, proactive TDM did not significantly increase the overall remission rate at one year. However, patients in the TDM group remained in clinical remission for a significantly longer duration.
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06666569
Role of novel mutations in food vacuole transporters beyond K13-mediated artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Junaid Iqbal Taliy , Panda Ashutosh , Deshmukh Arunaditya , Sardar Rahila , Narwal Monika , Agrawal Prakhar , Prakash Neha , Akhtar Asif , Dey Amit Kumar , Singh Suneet Shekhar , Mridha Saptarshi , Mochi Jigneshkumar , Parveen Sadaf , Kumar Mohit , Nagar Rashi , Gaur Naseem , Gupta Dinesh , Mohmmed Asif , Kaur Inderjeet , Karmodiya Krishanpal , Malhotra Pawan
Published: January 2025

Malaria remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, mainly because of the emergence of drug resistance against current antimalarials. The Plasmodium falciparum food vacuole proteins PfCRT and PfMDR1 and the cytosolic protein PfKelch13 have been linked to chloroquine (CQ) and artemisinin resistance, respectively. Here, we aimed to identify the associations of these resistance markers with mutations in other food vacuole transporters in several field isolates. In this study, we isolated intact P. falciparum food vacuoles (FVs) and carried out detailed proteome analysis to identify new food vacuole transporters. Furthermore, we carried out coexisting mutational analysis for these newly identified transporters with known PfKelch13 and PfCRT polymorphisms via SNP data from the Pf3K and MalariaGEN databases. Proteome analysis identified 16 transporter proteins in Plasmodium FVs. Comparative amino acid analysis of these transporter proteins revealed a coassociation of mutations in several newly identified FV transporters with mutations in the PfKelch13, PfCRT and PfMDR1 proteins. SNP data analysis of the Pf3K and MalariaGEN databases for 2517 samples revealed the coassociation of 6 mutations in four transporter genes, PfCRT, PfNT1, PfCTR2 and PfMDR2, with the PfKelch13 polymorphisms (p<0.0001), suggesting the contribution of additional parasite transporters to the evolution of CQ and artemisinin resistance. Furthermore, functional complementation with the wild-type PfNT1 and PfMFR5 proteins and their mutant forms (F394L_PfNT1, S278T_PfMFR5 and Y570F_PfMFR5) in S. cerevisiae resulted in resistance to mutant phenotypes in the presence of dihydroartemisinin (DHA), suggesting a possible role of these mutations in the acquisition of drug resistance. Together, the genome sequence data from field isolates and yeast complementation analysis of the mutant phenotypes identified novel loci related to PfKelch13-mediated antimalarial resistance and revealed unexplored contributions of transporters to artemisinin resistance as well as food vacuole dynamics.