bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Connecting BIM and LCA: The Case Study of an Experimental Residential Building
Authors: Veselka J , Růžička J , Lupíšek A , Hájek P , Mančík Š , Žd’ára V , Široký M
Published: September 2019

The aim of this paper is to present application of BIM models for the complex quality assessment and environmental analysis based on LCA. An experimental two storey building of TiCo Project representing a full scale part of a real multi-storey residential building has been used for this case study. The presented BIM model contains all relevant environmental characteristics and it will be used for environmental analysis, coordination, and operation (e.g. real-time data analysis from the sensors). Theoretical part covers development of the methodology for data transfer from BIM model to assessment scheme based on SBToolCZ, which is a national tool for building sustainability certification in the Czech Republic. Next step will be focused on describing connection of LCA and the BIM model databases and mapping data between them. Case study is focused on utilisation of BIM model with all relevant environmental characteristics for LCA analysis. All changes during construction phase and their impact on environmental analysis and LCA will be monitored and assessed.
Computer-aided supporting tool for LCA evaluation of energy efficiency of the buildings – assessment method and case studies
Authors: Domjan S , Arkar C , Medved S
Published: September 2019

In the paper methods and the development of computer tool for the comprehensive life cycle assessment evaluation of the new or renovated buildings is presented. To support decision making process, computer tool was developed and consists of two computational units: the building description unit (BDU), and the life cycle assessment tool (Etool). BDU enables the determination of energy needs and final energy demand for the operation of EPBD systems. For the purpose of environment impact assessment, the life cycle inventory database is integrated into the BDU. Data are exported to LCA evaluation tool Etool that include two assessment modules: life cycle environmental impact module for mid-point and end-point assessment taking into account impact groups and damage factors from IMAPCT2002+ and ReCiPe methods and life cycle costs assessment module for evaluation of costs optimal values of energy efficiency measures for nearly zero energy buildings (nZEB). In the paper case studies are presented and discussed. The results show that energy use has dominant influence on buildings’ environment impacts and that life cycle cost analysis show optimal thermal insulation thickness higher than required in current regulative.
A design integrated parametric tool for real-time Life Cycle Assessment – Bombyx project
Authors: Basic S , Hollberg A , Galimshina A , Habert G
Published: September 2019

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has become a widely accepted method for environmental assessment of buildings, but is still not commonly applied in design practice. The biggest potential for optimization and reduction of GHG emissions lies in the early stages of the design process. Therefore, a design-integrated approach for LCA is needed. The goal of this paper is to describe the development of a parametric LCA tool for application in early design stages in the Swiss context. The envisioned users of the tool are primarily architecture and engineering students, but also practitioners. The integration of LCA throughout the design process is solved through a modular strategy. In the early stage, pre-defined components are selected to model a complete LCA. In the following design steps when more information is available, individual materials can be input with higher level of detail. The Bombyx tool is developed as a plugin for Grasshopper based on Rhinoceros3D and includes an SQL material and component database. Users are able to choose different materials and building systems and quickly modify the building’s geometry while continuously receiving the calculated environmental impact in real-time. Visualization of the results, e.g. colour code indicate how the design performs in relation to a benchmark or optimization potential. The project is developed in open source to broaden the user and developer community and foster new ideas, designs and implementations in Bombyx.
Multi-objective optimization of building’s life cycle performance in early design stages
Authors: Yu H , Yang W , Li Q
Published: September 2019

The early design stages of buildings have the highest potential for optimizing energy efficiency. From the aspect of architectural design, the architects can hardly make the best decisions of the complexed variables of geometries and materials. The choice and weighting of different optimization objectives also have no reference while considering the impacts from the whole view of the life cycle. In this paper, a simulation-based parametric approach through the use of multi-objective optimization method is framed. The extraction of geometry variables from the original design and the principles of explaining optimization results obtained from different objective combinations are discussed.

This process is carried out in Rhino and Grasshopper. To fully consider the aesthetic and building performance step by step in early design stages, the geometry and material parameters are tested simultaneously. The life cycle inventory data of materials and energy resources are imported by programming, and local data is partly used. Life cycle environmental impacts (PED and GWP), life cycle cost, and operating energy consumption are used as optimization objectives. A case study is verified on a project of a small campus museum building in northern China. The results indicate that the combination of geometry and material values in the optimal solution set is various and needs to be artificially selected according to actual needs. The optimization objectives should be considered comprehensively; an incomplete set may result in poorly behavior of the unselected objectives.
Early Design Stage Building LCA using The LCAbyg Tool: New Strategies For Bridging The Data Gap
Authors: Kanafani K , Kjær Zimmermann R , Nygaard Rasmussen F , Birgisdóttir H
Published: September 2019

There is an increasing demand for Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) as a method for environmental impact and resource assessments of buildings. At early design stages, where major design decisions are made, the potential for improving the environmental performance using LCA is greatest. However, detailed building information is usually not available at this time. This paper presents the recent extension of LCAbyg, the official Danish building LCA-tool, integrating an LCA approach for situations, where building design and material choices are not yet fully determined. The tool assists the user in establishing a complete building inventory by providing a default component library including building services and a guide for estimating quantities. Default components in the library are based on the integrated product database Ökobaudat. A convenient generation and comparison of variants improves usability, while a new LCA design guide shall increase the uptake of LCA in larger parts of the building industry. The methodological choices of the approach are laid out and discussed. The presented approach is not limited for use in early stages, but may improve feasibility in building LCA in general as default and estimated values may be refined towards more detail in later stages of the project.
An innovative user feedback system for sustainable buildings
Authors: Monsberger M , Koppelhuber D , Sabol V , Gursch H , Spataru A , Prentner O
Published: September 2019

A lot of research is currently focused on studying user behavior indirectly by analyzing sensor data. However, only little attention has been given to the systematic acquisition of immediate user feedback to study user behavior in buildings. In this paper, we present a novel user feedback system which allows building users to provide feedback on the perceived sense of personal comfort in a room. To this end, a dedicated easy-to-use mobile app has been developed; it is complemented by a supporting infrastructure, including a web page for an at-a-glance overview. The obtained user feedback is compared with sensor data to assess whether building services (e.g., heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems) are operated in accordance with user requirements. This serves as a basis to develop algorithms capable of optimizing building operation by providing recommendations to facility management staff or by automatic adjustment of operating points of building services. In this paper, we present the basic concept of the novel feedback system for building users and first results from an initial test phase. The results show that building users utilize the developed app to provide both, positive and negative feedback on room conditions. They also show that it is possible to identify rooms with non-ideal operating conditions and that reasonable measures to improve building operation can be derived from the gathered information. The results highlight the potential of the proposed system.
Image-obfuscation as a means for privacy-conscious visual data acquisition from building systems
Authors: Subramaniam S , Hoffmann S
Published: September 2019

In the last two decades, numerous studies have demonstrated the viability of using High Dynamic Range Imaging (HDRI) to quantify lighting conditions in the built environment. Several human factor studies have demonstrated correlation between visual comfort perceived by occupants and glare metrics calculated by analysing HDR images. However, the use of HDRI in real-world applications has been severely limited owing to privacy concerns. This research investigates the feasibility of employing obfuscated (i.e. deliberately distorted) HDR images for analysing glare. The authors present a pilot study where visual conditions inside an office-space were simulated and captured as HDR images using a validated, physically-based renderer. The images were then obfuscated to various degrees by application of blur filters. Glare metrics calculated for the obfuscated images, when compared with the metrics generated for the original HDR images, were found to be within 2%-12% relative error. The proof-of-concept demonstrated through this study provides the framework for field-testing of an HDR-based lighting control system in a real office space.
Modification on Recycled Aggregates and its Influence on Recycled Concrete
Authors: Huang K , Ding T , Xiao J , Singh A
Published: September 2019

Recycled aggregates produced from waste concrete are widely accepted as green building material. However, demolition processes will bring recycled aggregates with a lower apparent density, bulk density whereas a higher porosity, silt content, water absorption, crushing index value when compared with natural aggregates. So the strengthening and modification of recycled aggregates have become a prominent technological issue in the producing process.

This paper introduces current modification methods on the recycled aggregates, which mainly include: (1) physical technology, its basic idea is to remove the waste cement paste adhered to recycled aggregates, such processions as rubbing, heating, particle shaping, and micro-heating; (2) chemical technology, carried out by immersing recycled aggregates in different kinds of chemical grout, which can be mixed with additive Kim powder, silica fume, fly ash, and any other fine mineral powder or slag; (3) carbonation technology, when newly collected crushed aggregates are put into atmosphere with high CO2 concentration, the adhesive cement paste can react with CO2 and produce CaCO3 that will precipitate in the capillary pores or cracks, which will improve properties of recycled aggregates; (4) nano technology, the use of nanomaterials can promote the hydration reaction, react with cement based materials, fill pores and control the process of crystallization. Conclusions are put forward and several problems concerning modification need to be considered for further research and application are proposed and discussed. Compared with natural concrete, RAC is superior to environmental value in the reduction of CO2 emission in Life Cycle Assessment.
Parametric life cycle assessment of a reusable brick veneer
Authors: Vandervaeren C , Galle W , De Temmerman N
Published: September 2019

A possible design strategy to improve the sustainability of building products is facilitating their future reuse. This strategy inspires some manufacturers to design innovative products, such as reusable façade products. Although these products might have a higher environmental impact for production, their reusability could lead to an environmental saving from a life cycle perspective. A possible method to evaluate their environmental performance is life cycle assessment (LCA). Nevertheless, LCA studies of reusable products are still rare. Furthermore, although the general LCA frameworks is fixed by ISO and CEN standards, some methodological choices must still be made by LCA practitioners. This paper first presents a method (as four methodological choices) for a parametric life cycle assessment of reusable building elements. Then, this method is applied to a comparative LCA of reusable and brick-and-mortar veneers. With proposed method, the reusable brick veneer is environmentally advantageous if it is reused at least once and if it is properly recycled at its end-of-life. The parametric method also indicates the relative influence of various parameters such as reuse rate, number of interventions, transport distances and waste treatment. The manufacturers can use this LCA study as a retrospective assessment to validate the relevance of design choices, but also as target-driven product management support to know hot-spots in the product’ life cycle management. This study will hopefully inspire other designers and manufacturers and accelerate the transition towards a sustainable built environment.
Butt-joint bonding of timber as a key technology for point-supported, biaxial load bearing flat slabs made of cross-laminated timber
Authors: Zoellig S , Muster M , Themessl A
Published: September 2019

An efficient butt-joint bonding technology allows to build new types of timber structures. Under the name Timber Structures 3.0 a connection has been developed which connects timber elements with an end-grain to end-grain butt joint bonding. Therefore, it is now possible to build continuous, point supported flat slabs in cross laminated timber (CLT). Multiple CLT slabs are connected rigidly together and are only supported by columns. Some major challenges had to be solved in terms of bending strength of the glued connection and shear resistance of the part of the slab above the column. The research in both topics is successful and more projects were built in the last two years using this technology. Starting point was a real scale structure at ETH Zurich, followed by a working platform for a timber construction company and finally four three storey residential buildings. The research team is continuing to optimize the different elements of this innovative technology and will soon provide engineers with guidelines to design their own biaxial, point supported timber flat slabs.
Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) as a competitive parameter within sustainable buildings and building materials
Authors: Andersen S C , Larsen H F , Raffnsøe L , Melvang C
Published: September 2019

The demand for technical and verified documentation of buildings and building materials is growing, along with the increasing focus on sustainability in the built environment. However, despite a common wish to build sustainably, it is still found that EPDs and LCAs are not always similarly interpreted, leading to misunderstandings on how they should be used to quantify and verify sustainability along with being a competitive parameter when choosing materials.

To overcome this barrier this project seeks to discover:

1. How can EPDs be used as a competitive parameter within the sustainable built environment?

2. How can product specific EPDs, used as an input to building-level LCAs, help to quantify the concept of ‘circular economy’?

3. How do some countries seem to succeed in introducing EPDs to industry while others only succeed to a lesser extent?

By involving the Danish building-industry’s value-chain through qualitative interviews, workshops and reference groups, as well as by contacting EPD programme operators throughout Europe and USA, a mapping has been performed on the tendencies of how and to what extend EPDs are used to quantify and support material decision-making in buildings. Further, the drivers as to why EPDs are used in some countries is investigated along with suggestions on how to boost the development, use and integration of EPDs with the aim of quantifying and documenting sustainability in the built environment.
Roles of the reference service life (RSL) of buildings and the RSL of building components in the environmental impacts of buildings
Authors: Potrč Obrecht T , Kunič R , Jordan S , Legat A
Published: September 2019

The Life Cycle Assessment of a building is a complex analysis that also involves the use of the predicted Reference Service Life (RSL) of the building components and materials, as well as the predicted RSL of the whole building. The RSL values of individual materials and building components can be obtained from different sources and are not exactly comparable. In the present study, the influence of selected RLS values on an LCA assessment was evaluated. Three different RSL databases were used as the sources of the data to estimate the environmental impacts of selected building components (internal wooden door and external finishing coat). Two scenarios were presented. In the first scenario a building component can be reused in another building, while in the second scenario the reuse of the building component is not possible. The study showed that dependent on the selected RSL database, the results can differ by up to a factor of five. Therefore, it is very important to describe clearly the maintenance scenarios for a building in order to have a reliable comparison of the results of LCA assessments.
Economic valuation of life cycle environmental impacts of construction products - A critical analysis
Authors: Durão V , Silvestre J D , Mateus R , De Brito J
Published: September 2019

The aim of this paper is to identify existing methods for economic valuation or monetisation of life cycle environmental impacts and to assess its applicability in the broad European context. Although environmental awareness is more and more important in several industrial sectors, including the construction sector, easy to understand data are still missing for professionals to assess and manage impacts related to the whole life cycle of a building. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is one of the most commonly accepted methodologies to calculate potential life cycle environmental impacts of a product or service. However, the results of such method, even when published in an Environmental Product Declaration, meant for business to business communication, are not always comparable or easily understandable by non-practitioners. Economic valuation or monetisation of LCA results is a weighting step that can make it easier for non-practitioners to use LCA results to support decision-making. From the several monetisation methods analysed, it is discussed the one that is most suitable for use when LCA results already exist. It is concluded that further work is needed to improve such weighting methods or develop a common one that can be representative at a broader geographical level (for instance, Europe-wide).
Partially dynamic life cycle assessment of windows indicates potential thermal over-optimization
Authors: Horup L , Reymann M , Rørbech JT , Ryberg M , Birkved M
Published: September 2019

To reach the environmental goals set by EU, Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) and national building regulations will demand reductions in building’s energy consumption. Energy consumption goals for buildings are pursued through high thermal performance building components (HTPBC). Paradoxically, building regulations have no requirements regarding the embodied energy of buildings and components. To meet the requirements set by governments, HTPBCs in most cases require an increasing embodied energy (from insulation), assumed to be paid back during the service-life of HTPBCs. Accounting for decarbonization of the future energy supply, the expected payback might not be feasible in terms of total environmental footprint, since the future energy supplies are expected to be greener than the building’s embodied energy. Using roof windows as a case study, we assess if strict demands for building’s energy consumption, will lead to more sustainable buildings if all temporal variations in terms of global warming impacts across the service-life are taken into account. A comparison of double and tripple glazed windows reveals that the expected net energy savings obtained during the use phase are compromised by relatively higher impacts induced in the production stage. The case study indicates requirements of building’s energy performance might compromise the overall sustainability of building component solutions, as the additional embodied energy required to produce triple glazed windows most likely will not be compensated for by saved operational energy, when taking into account the forecasted decarbonatization of the building energy future supply.
Lifecycle analysis of finishing products enhanced with phase changing materials
Authors: Zhuk Petr
Published: September 2019

Applicability of phase changing materials (PCMs) in buildings by their integration into the structure of finishing materials structure in the form of particles is especially high as a mean of providing heat-insulation during summer. Materials containing particles with phase changing behaviour are successfully applied at objects with large daylight areas, focused on active utilization of sunlight energy, among others. Utilization of PCM components allows saving considerable amount of energy due to possible refusal of air-conditioning while providing heat-insulation during summer.

The paper deals with the lifecycle analysis of gypsum-based finishing products. Main challenges with respect to the lifecycle of products with PCM components are the preservation of their longevity as well as their potential for reuse/recycling. Through the example of PCM-enhanced plaster covering and gypsum plasterboard factors affecting the preservation of the advantageous thermal properties of PCMs over extended periods were studied, along with options of refining materials and products containing different amounts of PCM components.

The results of the research allow comparing similar materials with the use of PCM components and without them as well as analyzing the life cycle related environmental performance of PCM-enhanced finishing materials.
Designing a smart factory for mass retrofit of houses
Authors: Lange K , Kraemer U-B
Published: September 2019

The North Sea Region (NSR) contains 22 million houses built in 1950-1985 that cause 79 Mton CO2 emissions annually. Current deep retrofit home renovations are carried out on a limited-scale production and only in small projects. This results in the problem that nowadays renovation costs are way too high and the pace of renovation is far too low. Large scale renovations of existing homes towards energy-neutral are currently not addressed in the North Sea Region. Still, the retrofit of houses in the North Sea Region is essential to reach the European energy and climate objectives. However, the building sector in Europe is not creating the necessary production facilities. The target of the just started INTERREG project INDU-ZERO is to develop a blueprint for a production facility that can produce wide suitable renovation packages at a high volume and low cost.
Affordance-based Design Method: A Case Study of University Campus
Authors: Gupta D , Uma Maheswari J
Published: September 2019

Development of a built environment encompasses urban design, land use, transportation system, and accommodates patterns of human activity within the physical environment. Holistic development of built environment requires a multidisciplinary design team of urban planners, architects and sustainability advisors from an early design stage. Literature and industry-practices show growth of designer’s techniques and competencies, sustainable development capabilities, and user-centric prospective in the early design. However, there is a lack of systematic method and all-inclusive approach to design a built environment. Thus, proposed research aims to develop a design method which is user-inspired, stakeholder conducive and environmentally conscious from an early design stage. To achieve this aim, an affordance-based design method is proposed and demonstrated through a case study of university campus. Affordance-based design method has been used for design of complex systems by capturing user needs, stakeholder ideas and generating design options. The proposed design method provides decision-making guidelines to designers, design space to incorporate stakeholders, and affordances to achieve sustainability. The proposed design method has potential to shift design and development of built environment from designer-controlled process to systematically organized process.
A case-based study on the use of life cycle assessment and life cycle costing in the building industry
Authors: Collin C , Olesen G G H , Qvist Secher A
Published: September 2019

The environmental impact of human activities has been a concern for engineers and architects for centuries, from limitation of energy and raw materials to predicting future energy and resource demands. This review demonstrates how life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC) tools can be used to support design decisions in the building industry throughout the design process. The study is primarily based on DGNB certification projects in Denmark conducted by the engineering consultancy company Ramboll and focuses on how LCA and LCC tools can be used in the early design stages to quantify decision making and how tools are used in the final stages of a certification process to verify the building geometry with regard to life cycle costs and environmental impacts.
New business models to support sustainable development: The case of energy-efficiency measures in buildings
Authors: Honold A , Lützkendorf T
Published: September 2019

The German government has set ambitious climate-protection targets to limit global warming. The aim is to achieve an energy-efficient and almost climate-neutral building stock by 2050. This applies particularly to buildings, responsible for more than 20% of CO2 emissions. The aim is to reduce the primary energy demand of buildings by 80% by the end of 2050. Achieving a nearly climate-neutral building stock requires targeted modernization measures that contribute to increasing energy efficiency. Barriers confronting the implementation of energy-efficient measures include lack of knowledge due to inadequate provision of information, lack of trust, and problems regarding financing possibilities. Therefore, solutions are needed for holistic concepts that make energy-efficient building and modernization more attractive. In addition to traditional business models (BM), measures that accelerate the implementation of energy-efficiency and BM that support the sustainable development of potential customers are sought. Expert knowledge must be shared to close information gaps; savings guarantees must be considered to build trust, and finally, financing possibilities must be available to support implementing sustainable measures. The research focuses on a modification of BM under the aspect of increasing energy efficiency in buildings for customers. This approach considers specific functions, effects, and benefits of BM. The aim of this extension is to create a basis for systematizing existing BM on the one hand, and on the other, to extend the proposed methodology. Finally, the developed guide supports startups designing new BM.
Defining a framework to apply retrofitting optimisation models for long-term and step-by-step renovation approaches
Authors: Maia I , Kranzl L
Published: September 2019

The recast of Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) 2018/844/EU introduced in the article 19a the possibility of building renovation passports which provide a long-term and step-by-step deep renovation roadmap for a specific building. Preliminary results showed that optimisation models for deep renovation of existing building almost exclusively optimise single stage retrofitting. Different from the single stage approach, in the step-by-step approach the retrofitting measures are not performed at the same time. In the present study, we aim to understand how the methodological approach of optimisation models for single stage retrofitting can be adapted to a step-by-step renovation concept. For this, first, the existing optimisation models were compared in terms of integration with external tools for energy demand calculation, definition of the renovation measures, objective function, and the question to which extent they consider long-term dynamic aspects of step-wise retrofitting optimisation over several years or even decades. Second, after identifying possible obstacles for adapting existing optimisation approaches towards step-by-step renovation, a framework for a step by step renovation optimisation model was outlined. The framework defines how the single stage retrofitting measures could be broken down in different renovation steps over a period of several years or even decades and which criteria should determine the time-wise prioritisation of the retrofitting measures. With this approach, we prepare the ground for the development of innovative tools, supporting the provision of individual renovation roadmaps. Next steps of the present study are testing and improving the outlined optimisation approach, as well as, extending the results to a building stock scale. By that, we aim to develop a method for analysing possible impacts of step-by-step renovation measures on achieving building stock’s decarbonisation targets.
Mobilizing Low Carbon Transition: Transnational Practice of Energy Efficiency in the Urban Building Sector
Authors: Feng K , Schmidt J A
Published: September 2019

In many countries worldwide, low carbon sustainable transition has been planned and implemented through decoupling the economic growth from GHG emissions. Some nations are leading the scene by developing corresponding low carbon development strategies and policy measures to encourage socio-technical innovations. One of the key areas for low carbon urban development is the energy efficiency in buildings. The tendency of the rapidly growing population and urbanization asks for better narratives and practices improving the built environment. Cities and countries are keen on learning from best practice. Through international joint development projects, the “knowledge resources” - transnational, governmental, NGOs, practitioners, and academic actors - are disseminating the low carbon urban development ideas globally. What drives a successful translation of knowledge emerged from one social, economic, cultural, political, climatic and geographical context into a new one needs better clarification. This study explores the process of global circulation of sustainable innovation from a mobility and transition perspective. A conceptual framework is explored and tested through analysing the Passive House concept transferred from Germany to China. The study shows how the succinct form, co-evolving and re-contextualising attributes are key factors in circulating urban sustainability across context. Acknowledging the notion of adaptation and mutation in the translation process is a first step to address the discrepancies between the knowledge lending and receiving side, and further to foster the transformative learning.
A top-down approach for setting climate targets for buildings: the case of a New Zealand detached house
Authors: Chandrakumar C , McLaren S J , Dowdell D , Jaques R
Published: September 2019

Climate change mitigation requires the construction of low/zero-carbon buildings, and this is a challenge for designers. The use of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) provides useful information to support eco-efficiency improvements and therefore, to reduce the climate impacts of building designs. However, it does not provide information about whether a proposed design aligns with achieving the global climate target of limiting global warming to below 1.5°C or 2°C. This study, therefore, introduces an LCA-based top-down approach for setting climate targets for the whole life cycle of buildings in terms of greenhouse gas emissions. It involves assigning a share of the 2°C global carbon budget for 2018-2050 to a country, to the construction sector of the country, and finally to a building. The approach includes a stock model that accounts for the projected growth in the number of buildings and associated climate impacts in a country up to 2050. The proposed approach was applied to a detached house in New Zealand, the most common residential building type in the country; it was found that the climate target of a New Zealand detached house over a 90-year lifetime is 71 tCO2eq. This modelling approach has potential to guide designers and other interested stakeholders in development of building designs enabling the building sector to operate within a selected global climate target (such as the 1.5°C or 2°C target).
Analysing the impact of retrofitting and new construction through probabilistic life cycle assessment. A method applied to the environmental-economic payoff value of an intervention case in the Albanian building sector
Authors: Jorgji O , Di Bari R , Lenz K , Gantner J , Horn R
Published: September 2019

The EU building stock is relatively old with 40% of it built before 1960. In Albania the building sector accounts for 26, 9% of final energy consumption, offering high energy saving potentials due to the great number of old residential buildings. Intervention is not always possible and, in order to achieve significant environmental savings, the national action plans cannot rely only on the physical improvement of existing buildings. This paper proposes a probabilistic LCA and LCC evaluation model using MC simulation, for the prediction of intervention options in existing buildings. The potential environmental and economic impacts of three intervention options: standard, ambitious retrofitting and new construction during the whole life cycle of a building are analysed. A framework is defined, with the purpose of estimating the value of a building in a specific time during its life cycle. Comparing the generated values of potential environmental impacts and associating them with the changes on the buildings value enables the process of deciding upon the most desirable and/or agreed combination. The results of the SLED Study 2015 on Albanian building typology are used, while the new construction model is defined according to German EnEV2014 requirements. The GWP values from the LCA/LCC assessment of the intervention scenarios, done through the SBS tool of Fraunhofer IBP, are used to create a prediction model for future alternative solutions especially in early planning phase. Decision-making through this model can encourage a sustainability strategy for energy efficiency improvement in the building sector of Albania.
An Assesment of Sebelas Maret University Readiness to Establish Product Certification Bodies (LSPro) for Bottled Drinking Water (AMDK) Products Based on SNI ISO/IEC 17065:2012
Authors: Fauziyah S R , Fahma F , Zakaria R
Published: September 2019

Sebelas Maret University (UNS) is currently under development to become independent university based on revenue generating. UNS already has business activities such as testing services. Based on the potential of testing services and resources, encourage UNS to develop Product Certification Bodies (LSPro) which focuses on bottled drinking water (AMDK) products. This study aims to measure the level of readiness of UNS towards fulfilling the requirements for establishing LSPro AMDK based on SNI ISO/IEC 17065. This study uses questionnaire that made based on SNI ISO/IEC 17065. Then an assessment of readiness is done by using scores 1 to 4 to assess the availability of documents, understanding and implementation of requirements. The result of measuring the readiness level is interpreted descriptively by looking at the percentage of each condition of fulfillment. Obtained the fulfilment conditions that have implemented and documented or score 4, namely 39%, which is mostly filled by structural requirements, management system requirements and resource requirements. While the rest, which is equal to 61%, is on a score 1, 2 and 3 or conditions do not yet have documentation.
Sustainable Criteria in Supplier Evaluation of the Food Industry
Authors: Nugraha I , Hisjam M , Sutopo W
Published: September 2019

Sustainability is an important issue lately. In the current era of globalization, competition between companies is getting tighter. Supplier selection has been identified as one of the most important issues in a sustainable supply chain. Caused by environmental and social problems with suppliers, many companies have used sustainability criteria in the evaluation and selection of their supplier. This study aims to develop the most important and applicable criteria and sub-criteria suitable for sustainable supplier selection through literature review, and how alternative strategies for sustainable suppliers in supply chain management from the food industry. This research has contributed to the research on sustainable supply chain management, especially in the selection of sustainable supplier selection by developing a list of criteria and sub-criteria for sustainability and how the company can apply the criteria with three aspects, namely economic, environmental and social in supplier evaluation. So, alternative strategies for a sustainable supplier in supply chain management can be explained.
Analyzing Mental Workload of Remote Worker by Using SWAT Methodology (Case Study: Remote Software Engineer)
Authors: Zulfany A H , Dewi R S , Partiwi S G
Published: September 2019

Telecommuting or “working from home” is a new option for working systems that exists in the industrial era 4.0. Software Engineer is responsible for creating web-based applications using programming languages. Physical interaction at work is very minimal because the main key to the work of a Software Engineer is cognitive ability. Therefore, intellectual skills need to be considered as a tool for analyzing human performance. This study aims to measure the mental workload of remote workers by using SWAT method. SWAT will describe the multi-dimensional model of workload which consists of three elements, (1) Time Load, (2) Mental Effort Load, and (3) Psychological Stress Load. The objects observed were 54 Software Engineers with various fields. At first the determination of the value of mental workload was carried out, sorting 27 SWAT cards, and processing data using SWAT software. Validity and reliability tests were also conducted. From the measurement of mental workload using SWAT, it was found that 6 of 54 respondents have a maximum workload (value of 100). Development and Operations Engineer has the lowest mental workload value of 15.8.
Multiple Correspondence Analysis Using Burt Matrix: A Study of Bandung Institute of Technology student Characteristics
Authors: Mahdiyasa A W , Pasaribu U S
Published: September 2019

Student characteristics can provide important information for universities development. However, it is not easy to analyze or make interpretation related to student’s characteristic, because we have to deal with qualitative observation and large data set. This article recommends a new technique for Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) that is appropriate when the data is big. We propose Burt matrix that makes the calculation process simpler and take less time. The new technique will be applied to questionnaire data on the features of students at the Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), which is collected by The Students Loop (TSL) Company in 2017.
Seven Management and Planning Tools in Megaproject Management: A Literature Review
Authors: Damayanti R W , Subagyo  , Wijaya A R , Hartono B
Published: September 2019

The management of megaproject is an emerging-topics to be studied by researchers. As an established management theory, quality management has a potential role to support studies and implementation of megaprojects. This study aims to explore the potential of Seven Management and Planning Tools (SMPT) in supporting megaproject management. A literature review method was utilized to analyse pertinent literatures that used the SMPT in megaproject studies. Based on 28 published articles, it is concluded that SMPT have been widely applied by scholars to analyse megaproject’s study in various aspects. In addition, based on the project guideline PMBOK and the international standard project management ISO 21500:2012, the SMPT have opportunity to support the megaproject practice in each stage. This preliminary study gives the potential chance for further studies related to the use of SMPT in megaproject’s real case as well as the opportunity to develop megaproject management tools specifically. These issues become a research opportunity in the field of quality management and megaproject management in the future.
Value Chain Analysis to Implementation of Indonesian National Standard (SNI) Batik With ISO Methodology Approach
Authors: Fahma F , Pratiwi D , Zakaria R
Published: September 2019

In 2017 the value of batik exports increased from US $ 39 million to US $ 51.15 million where most of the exporters were SMEs. However, to be able to market their products, required product quality requirements that have been determined, in this case the standard has an important role in helping SMEs to improve product quality and can market their products abroad. At present there are only 8 SMEs from 47,775 SMEs that have implemented SNI batik. One way to improve the implementation of SNI batik in Indonesia is by knowing information about the benefits of the implementation of SNI so that this information is expected to increase the implementation of SNI batik. The ISO Methodology approach is used to find out the benefits of implementing standards based on the company’s value chain. The results show that the business functions of procurement and technology development have a more significant relationship with the benefits of standardization for SMEs according to ISO.
Procurement Strategy in Power Plant Companies (Case study in the supply of water generator engine parts)
Authors: Pujotomo D , Suliantoro H , Huseina A F
Published: September 2019

PT XYZ is one of the power generation companies that conduct electricity production process by utilizing energy coming from water to rotate turbine. The problem faced is about maintenance infrastructure that is delays procurement of spare parts item. One effort that can be done is to improve procurement efficiency. Procurement efficiency can be accomplished by designing a procurement strategy covering twenty-two important parts, by determining the type of relationship, contract type, contract term, operational strategy and employee characteristics of procurement of parts and helping to achieve efficiency in the procurement process of spare parts which often experience delays. The design is based on the coordinate point position of the spare parts item in Kraljic Portfolio Matrix consisting of supply risk dimension with 12 criteria and profit impact with 6 criteria. In the strategic quadrant, design is done by considering Supplier Perception Model consisting of dimension of level of attractiveness and value of business.
A Systematic Literature Review: Framework Design of Student Performance Monitoring System in Higher Education
Authors: Finata R A , Andrawina L
Published: September 2019

In many organizations and institution particularly college, monitoring of students is a very important factor especially in identifying every problem that faced student in college. Various kinds of problems faced by the student can cause a high number of students to retake courses. Because of the alarming situation of the quality in higher education caused some measure has to be taken. In this paper will be focused on student monitoring framework design in higher education. Systematic literature review (SLR) used as a methodology in reviewing literature. This paper will be classified of each research on primary studies by object of research, indicators, variables, and methods. From the literature review results it is known that student monitoring framework design in higher education can be explored further by considering their assignment point and quiz at each class meeting with the aim to reduce number of students to retake courses especially in freshman students.
The Assessment of College Students Knowledge and Practice Regarding the Application of Sustainable Consumption Patterns in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Purnomo H , Kurnia W I
Published: September 2019

The main principle of sustainable consumption is increasing the quality of life by considering environmental safety and security as well as the needs of future generations. This research assessed the level of knowledge and practice of college students about the patterns of sustainable consumption. It was conducted at one of the best private university in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Data retrieval in this study was by using a set of validated questionnaires distributed to 397 students in prevalent proportion across the faculties at the University. In analysing, the data was using SPSS 22. The results obtained showed that most students have high knowledge regarding sustainable consumption patterns even though the level of practice shown is average. It was found that there was no significant relationship between student’s level of knowledge and the practice towards sustainable consumption patterns which value is 0.330> 0.05 based on the Pearson Chi-square test. The results of this study are intended to provide a general depiction of knowledge and practices of sustainable consumption level among students and provide broad insight for stakeholders in developing policies to achieve sustainable development.
Comparative study of the performance and economic value of a small engine fueled with B20 and B20-LPG as an effort to reduce the operating cost of diesel engines in remote areas
Authors: Sinaga N , Mel M , Purba D , Syaiful  , Paridawati
Published: September 2019

Indonesia is an archipelagic country that has remote locations. In such areas, the price of diesel fuel might be very costly. Hence, it is very burdensome for the community because this type of fuel is needed by diesel engines to drive generator sets, agricultural and production purposes. The utilization of dual-fuel diesel-gas engine is expected as a solution to this problem. This experimental study was carried out to compare the performance and economic value of operating a small diesel engine both with B20 biodiesel fuel and B20-LPG dual-fuel, with a variation of engine operating parameters, namely engine speed, LPG fraction and engine throttle opening. The performance parameters observed were torque, power, brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency. Experiments were carried out in the laboratory at throttle openings of 50% and 100% with an LPG fraction of 10% to 70%. It was found that the best performance of the dual-fuel engine occurred at the throttle opening of 100% and an LPG fraction of 70%. In this condition, there was a 20% reduction in BSFC maximum, and a maximum power increase of 12%, compared to a single-fuel engine. The BTE increased by 9%, and the engine torque increased by nearly 5%. It is concluded that the performance of the dual-fuel engine generally increases compared to the single file mode. Another exciting conclusion is that the use of dual-fuel B20-LPG engines reduces operating costs by up to 40%.