bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial neural network weights-based new formula for solar power plant energy prediction
Authors: Salim Muhammed Sabri , Sabri Naseer , Dheyab Ali Abdul Rahman
Published: January 2025

Renewable energy, particularly solar power, is crucial for national development, but forecasting its electrical power output remains a challenge. Environmental parameters like irradiance, temperature, and wind speed impact photovoltaic systems' power. This research presents a unique approach using artificial neural network’s weights to compute the output power of a photovoltaic system across various operating situations. The study utilized an experimental dataset of 28296 samples to train an artificial neural network (ANN), with the output power of a photovoltaic station serving as the target parameter and irradiance, temperature, and wind speed as the input parameters. Next, utilize the ANN's weights to create a distinct model for predicting the production of electricity. The new formula's results were more accurate than the meteorological service's local measurement data for weather prediction, which showed mean square error, an average absolute percentage deviation, and linear correlation of 0.0592, 0.984%, and 0.9688, respectively. The acquired formula makes these results accessible and usable even in the absence of the relevant ANN software.
Influence of Leadership Behavior on Safety Culture Integration at PT Cipta Kridatama Site PT Borneo Indobara
Authors: Priambodo Yustinus Pramono
Published: January 2025

This study analyzes the interconnections among transformational leadership, safety culture, and safety behavior at PT Cipta Kridatama Site PT Borneo Indobara, a high-risk mining operation. The research, framed by theoretical views like the Theory of Planned Behavior and Hudson’s Safety Culture Maturity Model, underscores the pivotal role of leadership in cultivating a proactive safety culture and impacting safety behavior. This research aims to assess the direct and indirect impacts of transformational safety leadership on safety behavior, with safety culture serving as a mediating variable. The research used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to examine quantitative data obtained from employee surveys, assessing leadership techniques, cultural characteristics, and behavioral results. The results indicate that transformational safety leadership exerts a substantial and robust impact on safety culture, evidenced by a coefficient of 0.923, a t-statistic of 72.438, and an effect size of 5.765. The safety culture markedly affects safety behavior, evidenced by a coefficient of 0.495, a t-statistic of 5.920, and an effect size of 0.180. Transformational safety leadership has a moderate direct influence on safety behavior (coefficient: 0.417, t-statistic: 4.977, effect size: 0.127) in comparison to its effect on safety culture. Moreover, safety culture mediates the connection between transformational leadership and safety behavior, evidenced by a mediation coefficient of 0.457, a t-statistic of 5.863, and an impact size of 0.180, underscoring its crucial function in converting leadership into behavioral results. The research emphasizes the necessity of combining transformational leadership methods with initiatives to foster a strong safety culture. Recommendations involve augmenting leadership training to integrate safety-oriented practices and executing cultural alignment techniques to maintain proactive safety habits. These insights enhance safety management techniques in high-risk sectors, foster safer workplaces, and improve overall operational outcomes.
MathAR Book Technology Innovation: Effectiveness of Using Augmented Reality-Based Mathematics Books on Students' Mathematical Understanding Ability
Authors: Prihatini Atik , Dewi Utami , Pramuditya Surya Amami , Aminah Neneng
Published: January 2025

Educational innovation continues to develop with advances in digital technology, including the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in learning. This research aims to measure the effectiveness of AR-based mathematics books (MathAR Book) on students' mathematical understanding. MathAR Book integrates traditional learning content with AR elements such as 3D visualization and interactive animations to increase student interest and engagement in learning mathematics. This research methodology uses a quasi-experimental approach with a pretest-posttest design. The sample consisted of class XII students who were randomly selected and divided into an experimental group that used the MathAR Book and a control group that used conventional textbooks. The instruments used include tests of understanding mathematical concepts, learning motivation questionnaires, and in-depth interviews. The results showed a significant increase in students' mathematical understanding in the experimental group compared to the control group. MathAR Book students also showed increased learning motivation and concept visualization abilities. Student feedback indicates that AR creates a more engaging and effective learning environment. In conclusion, the MathAR Book effectively improves students' mathematical understanding.
Analysis of Student Perceptions on the Use of Interactive Mathematics Learning Media
Authors: Dewi Utami , Atik Prihatini  , Surya Amami Pramuditya  , Neneng Aminah
Published: January 2025

This study analyzes students' perceptions of using Quizizz as an interactive mathematics learning media in the classroom. Quizizz media was chosen because Quizizz is the most popular among teachers and students. Using a quantitative descriptive method, the study involved 60 grade X high school students who had used Quizizz. Data were collected through a Likert-scale-based closed questionnaire, measuring ease of use, learning benefits, and student engagement. The analysis showed that students had positive perceptions of Quizizz, with 80% stating that the platform was easy to use, 75% feeling that Quizizz helped them understand the material, and 70% feeling more motivated. Linear regression tests showed a significant relationship between ease of use, learning benefits, and student engagement in learning motivation. Most students felt more active and motivated while using Quizizz, most likely due to the competitive elements such as the leaderboard and point system. These elements not only boost students' intrinsic motivation but also generate extrinsic motivation through healthy competition among students. The more positive students' perceptions of Quizizz, especially in ease of use and learning benefits, the higher their motivation to participate in the learning process. This study concluded that Quizizz is an effective mathematics learning media, improves learning outcomes, and motivates students to be more actively involved in learning.
Dynamically Stable Evolution of Ideal Selves in Motivation of High School English Teachers in China
Authors: Zhang Xueshan
Published: January 2025

Given that few studies focus on the complex and dynamic nature of English teachers’ teaching motivation in China (Dörnyei & Ushioda, 2021), this study aims to explore English teachers’ teaching motivation development with the possible selves theory (Markus & Nurius, 1986), which offers the most comprehensive and versatile lens for the analysis of teachers’ teaching motivation. There were seven participants in this study, including English teachers at early, mid, and late stages of their careers from a public high school in northern China. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and teachers’ reflective journals. This study found that there was a dynamically stable evolution of participants’ ideal teacher selves. While the dynamics meant that there was continuous emergence of new ideal images, the stability meant that teachers’ ideal selves were static within a particular period. It is also true that the emergence of new ideal images did not mean that participants had discarded or fully realized prior ones. On the contrary, they preserved and adapted key components of previous ideal images while acquiring new ones. In effect, they formed a synthesized ideal teacher self with various components (i.e., key components of various ideal images emerging at different professional stages), which is susceptible to future changes. In addition, the agreement between ideal selves and the ought-to self enhanced participants’ motivation.
Reviewer acknowledgements for English Language Teaching, Vol. 18, No. 1, 2025
Authors: Yu Gavin
Published: January 2025

Reviewer acknowledgements for English Language Teaching, Vol. 18, No. 1, 2025
Unveiling The Burden of Anaemia: Socio-Demographic and Obstetric Determinants Among Pregnant Women in Mehsana District, Gujarat
Authors: Lodha Nitin , Bhabhor Hitesh , Bhabhor Ullas , Devalia Jayna , Chhaya Jatin
Published: January 2025

Background: Anemia is a leading contributor to maternal mortality in India. Early identification and timely intervention during pregnancy can help prevent adverse health outcomes. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women and identify associated socio-demographic and obstetric factors.
Methodology: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among pregnant women. Based on a reported prevalence of 62.6% from NFHS-5 data, a sample size of 239 was calculated. For simplicity and completeness, a total of 250 samples were included in the study. Participants were selected using systematic random sampling, and data were collected using a pretested proforma from Obstretic and Gynecology OPD. Descriptive statistics were applied to determine the prevalence and severity of anaemia, and statistical tests were conducted to assess associations.
Results: The prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women was 78.8%. Moderate anaemia was observed in 66.5% of cases, mild anaemia in 28.9%, and severe anaemia in 4.6%. Significant associations were found between anaemia and factors such as education level, locality, social class, husband’s education, pregnancy interval, and complications in previous pregnancies.
Conclusions: A high prevalence of anaemia was observed among pregnant women, with multiple contributing factors identified. Comprehensive interventions, including counselling, screening, and health education, are recommended to address and reduce the high burden of anaemia in this population.
A Study to Evaluate the Perception of Learning Outcomes Using Jigsaw Classroom Technique Among Medical Undergraduates
Authors: Gogia Taruna , Dutt Shishir
Published: January 2025

Background: With advancements in technology, active learning methods are being proposed in medical education. The jigsaw classroom method, a type of active learning method, has shown promising outcomes. This study was conducted to understand the effects of the jigsaw technique and learn students perceptions of the same.
Materials & Methods: A total of 150 students were included in the study. Each student was asked to prepare a subtopic, discuss internally with the students preparing same subtopic, and then taught the other students through seminars. At the end of these sessions, a questionnaire with likert scale was circulated to record the understanding of the topic in the students and their views on continuation of this technique for other important study topics.
Results: Students demonstrated proficiency in comprehending the subtopic assigned to them, but were not very successful in retaining the knowledge of topics taught to them by other students. The results also demonstrated that students were eager to engage in the jigsaw technique if supplemented with regular lectures of the syllabus.
Conclusion: Combining traditional lectures covering the entire topic and employing the jigsaw method can enhance students comprehensive understanding of the material.
The Role of Multimodal AI in Revolutionizing Healthcare: A Perspective
Authors: Chodvadiya Kalpesh
Published: January 2025

Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) are transforming the healthcare landscape. Multimodal AI, a paradigm that integrates diverse data types, holds the potential to address inefficiencies in healthcare delivery. This perspective explores the current applications and future promise of multimodal AI, emphasizing the need for trust, explainability, and rigorous clinical validation. Highlighting parallels between the detective work of data collection in healthcare and the problem-solving nature of AI, this article advocates for integrating AI to enhance efficiency, equity, and personalized care while maintaining the art of medicine.
A Review of Bacillus Species Alkaline Protease Production and Industrial Applications
Authors: Gautam Shilpa
Published: January 2025

Protein peptide linkages can be hydrolyzed by protease enzymes. They are present in every living thing. Because they are essential to many biological processes and the life cycle of many diseases, bacterial proteases are important medicinal ingredients. Enzyme delivery methods and new technology for rationally engineering proteases will considerably enhance the potential therapeutic applications of enzymes. Proteases are widely used agents in several pharmaceutical business industries. Proteases are present in every living thing. Because of their role in the life cycle of different pathogenic organisms, they could be targeted for the development of therapeutic drugs to treat serious illnesses such as AIDS, cancer, malaria, and bacterial infections. The uses of microbial proteases, including xiaflex, L-asparaginase, L-glutaminase, serrapeptase, serrazime, and L-asparaginase, are the primary emphasis of this review. These enzymes are being utilized to treat cancer, respiratory illnesses, cardiovascular disease, and inflammation. In microbial fermentations, Bacillus species remain the predominant bacterial workhorses. The primary microorganism involved in fermentation is Bacillus subtilis, or natto. Certain Bacillus species are included in the Food and Drug Administration's GRAS (generally regarded as safe) list. Some of the most significant commercial enzyme manufacturers are Bacillus strains that can synthesize and secrete high amounts of extracellular enzymes (20–25 g/L). To summarize the medicinal uses of Basillus protease enzymes in the biological sciences, this paper will discuss the biotechnological features of these enzymes.
An Investigation of Science Teachers' Self-Efficacy of Inquiry-Based Teaching Method
Authors: İnce Ayşe Elif , Genç Hayriye Nevin
Published: January 2025

With the impact of developing and changing science and technology, it is important to raise science literate individuals. It is important for teachers who will employ inquiry-based learning to feel sufficiently competent to cultivate individuals who investigate, question, and reach knowledge on their own. The aim of this study is to investigate science teachers' inquiry-based teaching self-efficacy in terms of gender variable. The study also examined the level of inquiry-based science teaching self-efficacy of science teachers and the relationship between inquiry-based science teaching self-efficacy and age variable. The sample of the study consisted of a total of 105 science teachers (79 female and 26 male). "Research-Based Science Teaching Scale" was used as a data collection tool. The data were analyzed using SPSS-22 program. As a result of the analysis, there was no significant difference between the gender variable and inquiry-based self-efficacy. No significant relationship was found between the age factor and the scale. When the distributions of each statement were analyzed, it was seen that disagreement or indecision was mostly in the statements of 'asking questions and making explanations'.
Investigating the Research Trends of Articles on Science Education and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Atmaca Aksoy Ayşe Ceren , Irmak Şeyma
Published: January 2025

In the current era, the integration of artificial intelligence applications into education systems is inevitable. One of the fields that is expected to be in contact with the concept of artificial intelligence the most is science education. This study was carried out with the aim of revealing the research trends of the articles on science education and artificial intelligence and bringing the bibliometric profile to the literature. Descriptive research design, one of the quantitative research models, was used in the study. In the analysis step, bibliometric analysis method was preferred. Web of Science Core Collection was used as the database and VOSviewer was used as the network analysis program. The findings of the study were obtained by analyzing 89 articles on science education and artificial intelligence. As a result of the research, the most productive author in the articles on the relevant subject area is Xiaoming Zhai, the journal is Frontiers in Education, the institution is University System of Georgia and the country is the USA.  In addition to these findings, it was determined that the most frequently used keyword in the articles in the related subject area was “artificial intelligence”.
Primary School Teachers‘ Self-efficacy and Difficulties in Implementing STEAM Education
Authors: Cibulskaitė Nijolė
Published: January 2025

Recently, many countries around the world have paid more attention to the quality of natural and exact sciences, technology and engineering education – STEM disciplines have become extremely important in order to develop economic innovations. Educational research shows that successful integration of STEM requires content and pedagogical knowledge of these subjects, but teachers admit that they feel unprepared to apply STEM methodology. The subject and methodical, reflection and self-improvement competences of the primary school teacher are extremely important when the integration of STEAM subjects appears in the general education programs of many countries. The goal of the pilot study presented in this article is to validate in the Lithuanian sample the questionnaire designed to assess the difficulties of primary school teachers in teaching STEAM and to highlight their self-efficacy features. Statistical data analysis using SPSS 27 revealed the lack of self-efficacy of primary school teachers in teaching subjects related to the fields of chemistry and physics, which is one of the main reasons why teachers have difficulties in implementing STEAM activities. It is expected that the questionnaire will allow assess the professional development needs of primary school teachers and will help higher education institutions to improve teacher training programs.
Advances in Wheat Rust Resistance: Challenges, and Management Strategies
Authors: Mushtaq Tayyaba , Afzal Amir , Ibrahim Asma , Mushtaq Sania , Abbas Ghulam , Batool Asima , Iqbal Javed , Ashraf Sharmin , Hussain Tamoor , Rabbani Ghulam
Published: January 2025

Breeding wheat for resistance to major rust diseases stem rust (Puccinia graminis), stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis), and leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) is a pivotal strategy for advancing sustainable agronomic systems, safeguarding yield potential, and reducing dependence on fungicides. This effort employs race-specific resistance genes, including Lr47, Lr52, Yr5, Yr10, Yr36, Sr31, and Sr24, which confer high efficacy against specific pathogen races but are vulnerable to evolving virulent strains. To complement this, durable adult plant resistance (APR) genes such as Lr34, Lr46, and Sr57 provide broad-spectrum and long-lasting defense by modulating systemic resistance pathways. These genes trigger mechanisms like enhanced signaling cascades and antimicrobial compound synthesis. Genetic introgression from wild relatives, such as Triticum turgidum and Aegilops spp., enriches the wheat gene pool with novel resistance alleles. Cutting-edge methodologies, including marker-assisted selection (MAS), genomic selection, and pathogen monitoring, accelerate the incorporation of resistance genes while mitigating risks posed by pathogen adaptation. Through the strategic integration of genetic resistance and molecular precision, this multidimensional approach forms the basis for the creation of durable resistant varieties. These varieties ensure agronomic sustainability and enhance crop defense against biotic stresses, accounting for the complexities of evolving agro-ecological and climatic dynamics.
Evaluating the Bread Wheat Germplasm for Yield and Adult Plant Resistance to Yellow Rust under Field conditions of Mansehra
Authors: Mujtaba Hassan , Saeed Wasiq , Shafqat Noshin , Khan Fahim Ullah , Jabeen Nadia , Younis Muhammad Adil , Iqbal Arshad , Sidduqe Umar , Ullah Rafi , Shahzad Zeeshan , Sajjid Malaika
Published: January 2025

Yellow rust (Puccinia Striiformis f. sp. tritici) is a major disease that significantly impacts wheat yield and grain quality. Yellow rust poses a serious threat to wheat production in cooler areas of Pakistan. To evaluate the resistance at adult plant stage against yellow rust a set of 47 wheat varieties alongside two checks i-e; Kohat-2000 and Kohat-2017 were planted during 2018–19 cropping season. Data were recorded on days to heading, days to maturity, plant height (cm), flag leaf area (cm2), tillers m-2, spike length (cm), grains spike-1 (no.), 1000-grain weight (g), grain yield (g plot-1) and yellow rust scoring. Significant differences were found between genotypes for days to heading and 1000-grain weight. According to adjusted mean data, Shahkar-2013 had the lowest ideal days to heading (112 days) and days to maturity (157 days), but TD-1's plant height (69 cm) was the highest. Pakistan-2013 had the highest results for flag leaf area (37.3 cm2), tillers m-2 for Frontana (172 m-2), grains spike-1 for Gold-2016 (60 grains), and spike length (12.5 cm), while NIFA-Lalma-2013 had the highest grain weight (70 g) and Pavan had the highest grain yield plot-1 (250 g). Pavan, Frontana, Wadaan-2017, Tatara-96, NIFA Aman, Parula, Fateh Jhang, Pirsabak-2013, Paseena-2017, Khushal-69, Gold-2016, Pirsabak-2005, Ujala, Khaista-2017, Kohat-2017, Pirsabak-2015, and Pakistan-2013 are among 17 genotypes that were found to be high yielding and disease resistant based on yield as well as resistant against yellow rust. These 17 genotypes should be promoted for widespread cultivation in the Mansehra region to enhance wheat productivity and ensure food security while minimizing the impact of yellow rust.
Dual Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase & Lipoxygenase by Natural Products
Authors: Shah Abdul Jabbar
Published: January 2025

Cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) are enzymes involved in the metabolism of arachidonic acid, a fatty acid present in cell membranes. COX enzymes convert arachidonic acid into prostaglandins and thromboxanes, which are involved in inflammation, pain, and other physiological processes. On the other hand, LOX enzymes convert arachidonic acid into leukotrienes, which also play a role in inflammation and immune responses.
Dual inhibition of COX and LOX pathways has therapeutic implications, especially in conditions characterized by inflammation. Several natural products have been found to possess the ability to inhibit both COX and LOX enzymes simultaneously.
Curcumin, a compound found in turmeric, has been shown to exhibit dual inhibitory effects on COX and LOX enzymes. It can suppress the activity of both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, reducing the production of prostaglandins. Additionally, curcumin inhibits LOX enzymes, thereby reducing the synthesis of leukotrienes. This dual inhibition contributes to the anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin.
Resveratrol is a polyphenol compound found in various plant sources, including grapes and berries. It has been reported to possess COX and LOX inhibitory activity. Resveratrol inhibits COX enzymes, leading to a decrease in prostaglandin production. It also inhibits the activity of LOX enzymes, reducing leukotriene synthesis. The anti-inflammatory properties of resveratrol have been studied in various inflammatory conditions.
Green tea catechins: Green tea catechins, such as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), are bioactive compounds present in green tea. EGCG has been shown to inhibit both COX and LOX enzymes. It inhibits COX-2 expression and suppresses prostaglandin production. Moreover, EGCG inhibits the activity of LOX enzymes, reducing the synthesis of leukotrienes. Green tea catechins have demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects in preclinical and clinical studies.
Gingerol is a bioactive compound found in ginger. It has been reported to possess dual inhibitory effects on COX and LOX enzymes. Gingerol inhibits COX-2 activity and decreases prostaglandin production. It also inhibits LOX enzymes, reducing the synthesis of leukotrienes. Gingerol's anti-inflammatory properties have been studied in various models of inflammation.
It is important to note that the effectiveness and specificity of natural products in inhibiting COX and LOX enzymes may vary. The bioavailability and metabolism of these compounds can also influence their overall impact. Further research is necessary to fully understand the mechanisms and therapeutic potential of natural products in dual COX-LOX inhibition.
Importance of turnip (Brassica rapa) and impact of different fertilizers on its growth
Authors: Bhatti Muneeb Hassan , Ahmad Tanvir , Hamzah Abdul Mannan , Iqbal Naeem , Hamza Ameer , Mahmood Muhammad , Ul Haq Ehsan , Shehzad Muhammad , Shoukat Usama
Published: January 2025

The turnip (Brassica rapa) is an important plant from genus Brassica which is mostly cultivated as a vegetable crop. Usually, it is grown in the season when the temperature is low. The current review focuses on the importance of turnip due to its pharmacological importance and high phytochemical profile. Using different types of fertilizers can directly affect the growth and production of turnip. While growing turnip, inorganic and organic fertilizers can be used for the sake of higher yields. Among organic fertilizers, well rotten farmyard manure, poultry manure, and peat moss can be used. Whereas, Nitrogen (urea), Phosphorus (DAP) and Potassium (SOP) can be used in combinations as inorganic fertilizers to obtain good results. While using the organic fertilizers higher growth rate, yield, improved soil structure, low erosion, lower soil temperatures, soil aeration, help in developing healthy roots, facilitation in seed germination and increased soil water retention capacity can be observed. However, through inorganic fertilizers fast growth and easy availability to the crop can be obtained; moreover, inorganic fertilizers are convenient, affordable and can be provided in ample amounts. Literature review has revealed that the application of organic or synthetic fertilizers is necessary for the better growth of turnip plants.
Response of Sitotroga cerealella and Trichogramma chilonis to gamma irradiation exposure
Authors: Sarwar Jawad , Zahid Muhammad , Salman Muhammad , Shah Syed Fahad , Shah Mukaram , Ihsan Adnan
Published: January 2025

The present study was carried out to evaluate the response of gamma irradiation on Sitotroga cerealella and Trichogramma chilnois under laboratory conditions. Two different egg stages of S. cerealella, aged 12 and 24 hours, were exposed to four levels of gamma radiation (35, 55, 75 and 95 Gy) and control (no dose). The result indicates that low irradiation doses egg viability compared to higher doses. Exposure to 35 Gy resulted in the hatching rate (55.3%) and prolonged incubation period (7.06 days) for S. cerealella eggs. In T. chilonis, parasitism percentage was significantly higher at 86%, with maximum adult emergence at 87.3% and adult longevity of 7.13 days; however, these values remain lower than those observed in the untreated (control), where maximum parasitism, adult emergence and longevity were observed. The treatment with 95 Gy resulted in the lowest values for incubation, adult emergence, parasitism, and adult longevity. Irradiation of pupae also yielded significantly higher adult emergence (86.66%) and longevity 7.46 days at 5 Gy, pupae irradiated at 20 Gy resulted in significantly lower adult emergence and adult longevity. Based on these findings, lower irradiation doses are recommended to increase shelf life of S. cerealella and T. chilonis without causing significant detrimental effects on the quality of parasitoid and its host. The approach ensures the year around availability of parasitoids in insectaries for research and field releases.
Morphological study of fish species belonging to the family Cyprinidae in Panjkora river, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Dad Omer , Khan Muhammad Fiaz , Rasool Akhtar , Attaullah Mohammad , Israr Muhammad , Noreen Shumaila , Yousaf Nayyer , Khan Sajjad , Bano Anita
Published: January 2025

The study evaluates the morphometric parameters of freshwater fish from the Cyprinidae family in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan at the Panjkora River. The ten species of the family Cyprinidae (Barilius pakistanicus, Barilius vagra, Carassius auratus, Cyprinus carpio, Tor putitora, Labeo rohita, Labeo diplocheilus, Schizothorax plagiostomus, Schizothorax esocinus, and Schizothorax labiatus) were identified from a total of 50 fish specimens collected from the study area. Seven morphometric parameters (Total length, fork length, standard length, head length, body depth, eye diameter, and snout length) were statistically analyzed using Excel and SPSS software. Ten species were categorized into four subfamilies within the family Cyprinidae. The two species belonging to the subfamily Cyprininae, three species to the subfamily Danioninae, two species to the subfamily Labeoninae, and three species to the subfamily Barbinae. This study serves as a baseline for future taxonomic studies on ichthyofauna.
An exploratory study on the insecticidal potential of various chemical agents against Bactrocera cucurbitae
Authors: Qureshi Muhammad Usama , Ahmad Munir , Habib Umer
Published: January 2025

Bactrocera cucurbitae is the most destructive species of fruit fly. It is a serious pest of several fruits in South Asian nations like as Pakistan, India, and Malaysia. During these studies, toxicity of fipronil, spinosad, emamectin-benzoate, bifenthrin, cypermethrin and deltamethrin was observed by two different methods i.e., diet incorporate method and contact method against laboratory reared population of B. cucurbitae. The culture was reared at 28±2°C temperature with 65±5% relative humidity and 12:12 (D/L) photoperiod in the laboratory. According to the results in diet incorporate method; spinosad was found as the most efficient insecticide against B. cucurbitae as it showed the least LC50 i.e., 2.86 after 72 hours. It was followed by emamactin-benzoate. The LC50 value of emamectin-benzoate was 2.98 after 72 hours against B. cucurbitae. The third most efficient LC50 was 4.95 of spinosad after 48 hours. According to the results in contact method; cypermethrin was found as most efficient insecticide against the B. cucurbitae as it showed least LC50 i.e., 0.62 after 72 hours. It was followed by insecticide of the same group, i.e., bifenthrin. The LC50 value of bifenthrin was 0.63 after 72 hours against B. cucurbitae and the third most efficient insecticide was deltamethrin which had 1.06 LC50 values after 72 hours. Hence, the results showed that LC50 values of contact method were lower than diet incorporate method; so it is the most efficient method to control melon fruit fly among the two tested methods and cypermethrin is the most effective insecticide.
Medicinal properties of honey: A review
Authors: Hanif Kanwal , Ali Qurban , Ul Hassan Muhammad Waqas , Aslam Asad , Shehzad Muhammad , Nazir Tamsila , Akhtar Muhammad Faheem , Malik Humaira , Iqbal Muhammad Bilal Bin
Published: January 2025

Honey has long been a valuable natural resource, used as a nutritional supplement and in traditional medicine to treat various ailments. Its antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative properties have been linked to treating wound healing, diabetes, cancer, asthma, neurological, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular disorders. Honey contains flavonoids and polyphenols, the primary bioactive chemicals with antioxidant qualities. It is commonly accepted as mostly food and traditional medicine by all generations, both ancient and modern. Honey and its byproducts are commonly used in Asian countries, such as China, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Pakistan, in their traditional medicinal systems. Modern scientific literature suggests that honey may be beneficial for treating various diseases, including cancer, and should be used in clinical wards. The objective of this study is to thoroughly review and synthesize existing literature on the medicinal properties of honey, focusing on its effectiveness in treating several diseases and its potential applications in modern clinical frameworks. By emphasizing on the bioactive compounds and their health benefits, this review seeks to encourage the integration of honey in therapeutic practices.
Toxic effect of Acacia nilotica and Bauhinia alba leaf extracts on the gut fauna of Heterotermes indicola (Wasmann)
Authors: Aihetasham Ayesha , Mujahid Ayesha , Chaudhary Asma , Tabassum Rafia , Iqbal Asma
Published: January 2025

The South Asian subterranean termite, Heterotermes indicola is a serious hazard to agriculture due to its destructive feeding habits and resistance to conventional pesticides. Toxic effects of Acacia nilotica and Bauhinia alba leaf extracts were investigated on the termite mortality and their impact on termite gut microbiota. Extracts were evaluated for their ability to influence protozoa counts and colony-forming unit (CFU) densities within H. indicola, indicating digestive disruption. Findings revealed that both extracts exhibit dose-dependent mortality effects on H. indicola with LC50 values of 153.61% and 65.27% respectively. Furthermore, higher concentrations of these extracts correlated with reduced protozoa counts and altered CFU densities, suggesting significant alterations in termite gut microbiota. The study underscores the biopesticidal potentials of A. nilotica and B. alba and highlights their ecological implications in termite management.
Efficacy of Citrullus colocynthis and Solanum surattense extracts against bacteria isolated from clinical environments
Authors: Suleman Iqra , Noreen Asma , Haq Zeenat , Idrees Muhammad , Naz Shumaila
Published: January 2025

Knowledge and awareness about the side effects of antibiotics have increased the use of traditional medicine. The search for new drugs with antimicrobial potential has increased the importance of medicinal plants worldwide. The present study investigated the antimicrobial potential of Solanum surattense (Spiny nightshade) and Citrullus colocynthis (Bitter apple) fruit extracts against the clinical isolates (n=50). The isolated bacteria were identified as Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus (14), Staphylococcus epidermidis (3), Bacillus subtilis (13), Micrococcus luteus (4), Streptococcus pyogenes (1), Enterococcus faecalis (1) and Gram negative (Escherichia coli (11), Klebsiella pneumoniae (3)) by Gram staining and standard biochemical tests. Selected pathogens were tested against nine selected antibiotics by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Increased antimicrobial resistance was observed against most of the antibiotics. 87.5% S. aureus and S. epidermidis were found resistant to methicillin. E. coli and K. pneumoniae showed resistivity of 71.42% against ampicillin and penicillin while all the isolates of Bacillus subtilis (100%) were susceptible against chloramphenicol. Bacterial sensitivity was also accessed using the disc diffusion method against methanolic, ethanolic, acetonic, chloroform and aqueous fruit extracts of Solanum surattense and Citrullus colocynthis. Significant antimicrobial activity was observed in the aqueous extract of the S. surattense i.e., 18% of inhibition zones were greater than 20 mm and the highest zone of inhibition obtained from aqueous fruit extract was 25 mm against S. aureus. The methanolic fruit extract of C. colocynthis showed the highest inhibition zone, 21 mm, against S. aureus. Our findings concluded that the pathogenic bacteria were mostly resistant to antibiotics. However, fruit extracts of Solanum surattense and Citrullus colocynthis exhibited notable antimicrobial activity. They may be explored for well-being and improved health standards by studying as an antimicrobial agent against various diseases like cold cough, diabetes, ulcer, respiratory and urinary diseases.
Evaluation of wheat genotypes for drought toleranceusing PEG-6000 at different phenological stages
Authors: Sabahat Sanjeela , Gohar Suleman , Ali Muhammad Usman , Javed Ahsan , Rana Rashid Mehmood , Ahmad Nadeem , Shah Kausar Nawaz , Abbasi Juliya , Ikram Rabia , Idrees Muhammad Qasim , Abdullah Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Drought stress significantly affects the growth and yield of wheat crop. However, tremendous variability exists amongst genotypes concerning their reaction to drought stress. Therefore, figuring out the effects of drought stress on yield and growth of crop plants might assist to select the superior genotypes. In the current study, forty wheat genotypes were assessed for drought tolerance using PEG-6000 at seedling, tillering, heading and maturity stage at PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan during 2022-23. ANOVA revealed significant variation (P≤0.05) among genotypes for all traits in all the growth stages in both conditions (drought and normal). Mean comparison analysis showed the genotypes LLR-25 (12.73g), Lasani-08 (12.69g) and WC-26 (12.57g) were high-yielding and also performed well in terms of root-shoot-related traits under drought condition. Correlation depicted the highly significant positive association of yield per plant with 1000 grain weight (0.85**) as well as positive association with traits i.e., root length at seedling (0.08), tillering (0.27) and heading (0.14) stage, no. of crown roots at tillering (0.13), no. of seminal roots at tillering (0.04) and heading (0.17) under drought condition. Moreover, spike length showed a positive highly significant association with root length (0.48**) at seedling and no. of seminal roots (0.4**) at heading stage under drought condition. PCA bi-plot analysis emphasized genotypes related to specific traits showing their importance under drought stress condition. Moreover, PCA bi-plot revealed the distinctness and strong association with key drought-resilient traits of genotype Chakwal-50.  Hence, this study identified the genotypes viz. Chakwal-50, LLR-25, Lasani-08 and WC-26 have desirable root parameters as well as found best regarding yield and related traits under water deficit condition. The selected genotypes can be sown directly under water-deficit condition and may be further utilized for drought-tolerance breeding programs for varietal improvements in the current scenario of the changing climate.
Statistical sucrolytic modeling for cane molasses-based ethanol optimization
Authors: Younas Samavia , Chaudhary Asma , Rehman Esha , Bilal Bushra , Aihetasham Ayesha , Tahira Syeda Anjum
Published: January 2025

To manage waste and address energy crises, the current study focuses on the concept of "Energy from waste. Molasses, a byproduct in sugar synthesis process, is one of the most prevalent types of organic waste. Due to excessive production and use in distilleries in Pakistan, the non-fermentable portion is drained in spent wash, and it is creating serious environmental problems viz soil acidification, manganese deficiency and inhibit seed germination. Effective conversion of non-fermentable sucrose portion of black strap molasses to bioethanol is the main purpose of this study. Bacillus cereus FA3s sucrolytic potential for bio-converting sucrose from molasses into reducing sugars for ethanologenesis was assessed. The Plackett-Burman model for hydrolytic screening and Central Composite Design for ethanologenic optimization parameters was employed. With corresponding F (9.53) and p values (0.0451), the model was significant for reducing sugars (75.52 ±0. 019 g/L) obtained via 12 IU of B. cereus FA3 crude enzyme dosage at 30°C in 5 days. The ethanologenic yield (g ethanol/g of consumed sugars) of standard Saccharomyces cerevisiae K7 (0.35±0.05) and experimental Metschnikowia cibodasensis Y34 yeasts 0.36 ± 0.09 were also examined from 75 mL molasses hydrolyzate at 32.5°C in 8 days. Significantly better response and positive waste management development was the outcome of this study, which will help improve ethanol production in the future.
Evaluation of genotoxicity (DNA damage and sperm head anomalies) of potentized homeopathic medicines, Chinchona and Arsenicum Album in laboratory mice
Authors: Yousaf Tanzeela , Bukhari Saha , Sheema Abra , Khanam Surrya
Published: January 2025

Homeopathic medicines face criticism from the scientific community due to the lack of a clearly defined mechanism of action. The healing process, diagnosis of disorders, and selection of appropriate remedies are often not explained by practitioners. Furthermore, a significant objection to alternative medicines, particularly homeopathy, revolves around the extreme dilution of remedies in water or alcohol, resulting in the absence of detectable active molecules. In the present study the in vivo toxicological consequences of mother tincture and 30C and 200C potency of Chinchona (Chin.) and Arsenicum Album (ars.alb.) was evaluated, using Balb/c mice as an animal model.  DNA damage in lymphocytes, bone marrow micronuclei formation, and sperm head anomalies were calculated to measure the potential drug-induced toxic effects of selected medicines. Data from the present study revealed a significant difference among the treatment groups. High damage was caused by positive control and 200C potency of both drugs showing 80.49±0.0 tail DNA % and high frequency of micronucleate bone marrow cells. Further study and research are needed to elucidate the mechanism of action of homeopathic medicines. The current data revealed that there is the least damage caused by negative control and mother tincture while notable damage is caused by positive control and 200C Potency which indicates that excess alcohol may act as a reason for damage.
Diagnostic characters of the immature stages of the desert locust, Locusta migratoria L. (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Oedipodinae)
Authors: Soomro Fakhra , Bano Shahr , Larik Sajjad Ali , Soomro Paras
Published: January 2025

This study examined the morphological variation of the nymphs of the desert locust, Locusta migratoria. Nymphs of various stages of Locusta migratoria were collected from agricultural and nonagricultural fields of Sindh, Pakistan. Insect culture was maintained under laboratory conditions and reared to maturity at temperature 28±2°C to 39±2°C, relative humidity 28-61% and photoperiod of 12:12 (L: D). Cautiously sorting of instars showed that L. migratoria comprises on 5thnymphal stages in both the sexes with the exception of morphometric and morphological differences in each stage. This manuscript recruits the comparative diagnostic features, identification key along with illustration. During the laboratory rearing, we examined that solitarious phase of L. migratoria usually has two generations per annum. However, field survey revealed that higher temperature (> k 42oC) in the desert three generation were usually captured. Furthermore, the sex ratio favored female instars only. Locust instars remain in groups after hatching and rush to fresh green foliage for feeding. Each stage of instars differentiated on the basis of wing pad development, along with significant increases in the size of the first abdominal segment. Fifth instar has thicker venation, usually cross the 4th abdominal segment and displayed distinct color variation.
ASSESSMENT OF GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE LEVELS IN OBESE WOMEN WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME
Authors:   Kut University College- Medical Laboratory Technologies ., Naser Maryam Mohsin , Turki Thualfiqar Ghalib ,   Al-Qassim Green University-Collage of Biotechnology-Department of Medical Biotechnology., kadhim Noor alhuda Ahmed ,   Al-Qadisiyah University -Collage of Medicine.
Published: January 2025

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is one of the major hormones affecting the reproductive system, and when elevated, it leads to polycystic ovarian syndrome. Obesity is a main cause of GnRH elevation. A current study was conducted from October to December 2024 and included 100 samples from Iraqi women diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), collected from the Infertility Center at Al-Sadder Medical City and Al-Zahraa Teaching Hospital, alongside 100 samples from healthy women. The concentration of GnRH was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit to evaluate variations in this biochemical parameter between healthy individuals and PCOS patients. Statistical analysis was performed using a P-value test (P < 0.05) to assess the significance of the study results. GnRH concentrations were elevated in PCOS patients compared to the control group. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed between the two groups, with a P-value of 0.0001. In conclusion, GnRH levels were elevated in PCOS patients when compared with healthy individuals, so GnRH highly associated with the occurrence of PCOS and contribute to hormonal disorders.
Correlation of Competency, Remuneration, Country Location and the Interest of Indonesian Nurses to Work Abroad
Authors: Sukartana Sukartana , Indasah Indasah
Published: January 2025

The nursing professional employment crisis in developed countries impacts the increasing demand for nurses in the largest nurse-producing countries. This study explores whether there is a correlation between competency, remuneration, and location on nurses' interest in working abroad.  This research used quantitative methods with a correlational design. The population is 132 nurses and nursing students. The instrument used was a questionnaire prepared with a Likert Scale. Cronbach alpha was used to measure its validity.  The dependent variables in this research were competence, remuneration, and location, while the independent variables were nurses' interests. The data processing used SPSS version 25 and was analyzed using Pearson's Correlation. The study shows The correlation coefficient values are 0.799; 0.850; and 0.863, which means the correlation between nurses' competencies, remuneration, and country location with the nurses' interest in working abroad is in the "Strong" category. Multivariate analysis shows a value of Fh 3.606 > Fα 3.21. This study recommends that competence, remuneration and country location are jointly related to nurses' interest in working abroad.
Gambaran Pengetahuan Remaja Putri Tentang Pernikahan Dini Di Desa Jrakah Dukuh Gesikan Kecamatan Selo Kabupaten Boyolali
Authors: Anggraini Intan , Nurrohmah Anjar
Published: January 2025

Latar Belakang: Pernikahan dini atau kawin muda bukanlah fenomena baru di Indonesia bahkan sudah lama ada, angka pernikahan dini di dunia sebanyak 14,2 juta. Indonesia menjadi salah satu negara pernikahan dini tertinggi keempat didunia pada tahun 2023. Desa Jrakah merupakan salah satu desa yang memiliki tingkat pernikahan dini yang tinggi, pada tahun 2023 sebanyak 166 kejadian. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan remaja  putri tentang pernikahan dini di Desa Jrakah Dukuh Gesikan Kecamatan Selo Boyolali. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan jumlah sampel 30 dan jumlah responden 62, menggunakan teknik total sampling.  Dengan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi tertentu. Hasil: Hasil penelitian karakteristik responden berdasarkan usia, remaja berusia 15-17 tahun dengan jumlah 31 responden (60.8%). Hasil penelitian karakteristik responden berdasarkan pendidikan remaja yaitu SMA dengan jumlah 33 responden (53.2%). Hasil penelitian  karakteristik responden berdasarkan sumber informasi remaja yaitu handphone dengan jumlah 33 responden (60.8%). Hasil penelitian tingkat pengetahuan responden menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan remaja putri yaitu cukup sebanyak 38 responden (61.2%). Kesimpulan: Tingkat pengetahuan remaja putri tentang pernikahan dini dalam kategori cukup.