bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bored Piles Imperfection Detection Using Optical Fibre Sensor: Laboratory Simulated
Authors: Beddelee A A A M , Mohamad H
Published: June 2020

Actual experimentation of the bored pile imperfection detection is infeasible to be conducted since the issues of limitation in imitating the actual bored pile construction and absent of practical observable condition during monitoring activity. Through this study, the bored pile is idealized to a reinforced concrete column (RC column) to ease the laboratory simulation and pile damage determination. Distributed Optical Fibre Strain Sensing (DOFSS) through Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Analysis (BOTDA) is used to detect the imperfection. The objectives of this study are to measure the effect of imperfection of bored pile through load column test and to compare the optical fibre sensor reading with conventional instruments. Firstly, the RC columns were designed and the sensors are embedded into the RC column which then loaded by few loading stages. Subsequently, the BOTDA analyser and the conventional sensors reading unit will read the strain of the RC column. After the experimentation conducted, it is proven that the fibre optic sensor is reliable and good in consistency for strain measurement compared to other conventional sensors, and the effect of imperfection of bored pile through load column test able to be measured.
Experimental testing and ultrasonic pulse transmission technique of granite for sustainable rock testing approach at Rawang, Selangor
Authors: Hamzah N , Yusof NA Mat , Abdul Rahman A S , Harun M A
Published: June 2020

Advanced characterization technique which is Non-destructive Testing (NDT) technique are required to monitor the testing for physical and mechanical properties of rock. Using Non-destructive Testing technique, the information gather are much faster and easier without any disturbance to the sample test. In rock engineering, the key role in the long term stability are depending on the characteristics of rock and the rock masses. Since the finding of strength parameter are time consuming and very expensive, this research is conducted to perform experimental testing and ultrasonic pulse transmission technique on granite for a sustainable rock testing approach. Through this study, it enables to identify a simple way to predict these strength parameters especially and specifically for Unconfined Compression Strength (UCS) by using Point Load Test (PLT) and Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) Test. From this study, the correlation can be made among UCS, point load index, and sound velocity which the empirical formula for point load and the ultrasonic pulse velocity test are UCS = 20.8(Is50) + 2.2 and UCS = 144.68Vp – 684.37 respectively. The ultrasonic pulse transmission technique methods can be used to predict the compressive strength of rock. It can be practically used in the field since the technique are portable and easy to use. By using the least-square regression method, the empirical formula formulated between UPV and UCS values signifies that the correlation coefficient (R2) obtained for the equation is 0.9692 and indicates that both variables have a good agreement relationship.
The Effect of Bioconc Against Compressive Strength of Paving Concrete Combining Natural Materials
Authors: Daniel Limantara Arthur , Gardjito Edy , Sudarmanto Hery Lilik , Arthur Limantara Vincentius , Situmorang Adolf , Mudjanarko Sri Wiwoho
Published: June 2020

The use of additive concrete mixtures is commonly used to increase the concrete compressive strength. This study aims to see the effect of using Bioconc additives in combination with natural ingredients in increasing concrete compressive strength and reducing the use of cement. Natural materials used in concrete mixtures are fibers and coconut shells, bamboo and snail shells. The specimens measuring 15 cm x 15 cm x 15 cm with the percentage composition of each natural ingredient is 10% in coarse aggregate substitution and the addition of 500 ml/m3 of the Bioconc concrete mixture to the target K300 (24.9 MPa). Reduction of cement use 10% (R10), 15% (R15), 25% (R25) as much as each percentage is 5 pcs and tested at 28 days. The compressive strength results obtained from testing the average specimen of each natural material and the optimum percentage of cement reduction for fibers and coconut shell R10 = 26.27 MPa, R15 = 23.92 MPa, R25 = 19.39 MPa, Roptimum = 13%; bamboo R10 = 26.83 MPa, R15 = 22.59 MPa, R25 = 16.52 MPa, Roptimum = 12%; Snail Shell R10 = 17.89 MPa, R15 = 14.68 MPa, R25 = 12.35 MPa, Roptimum = 9%. While for the absorption of the average of each natural material for fibers and coconut shell = 2.28%, bamboo = 2.67%, and Snail Shell = 1.71%. Based on the results obtained with the target of K300 concrete compressive strength it can be concluded that the optimum cement reduction with substitution of natural fibers and coconut shell material is equal to 13% and for the average absorption is bamboo natural material substitution of 2.67%.
Fresh State and Mechanical Properties of SCC-POFA-CF Mixture
Authors: Iman M.A. , Mohamad N. , Raain Fasya , Sofia Anis , Mydin Azree , Samad A.A.A.
Published: June 2020

This paper presents the fresh state and mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) with addition of coir fiber (CF) as filler in range of 0.2% to 0.6% and replacing the cement in 10% with palm oil fuel ash (POFA). The workability test such as slump flow and J-ring test were used on the fresh SCC-POFA-CF mixture. The mechanical properties of SCC- POFA-CF in form of compressive, tensile and flexural strength were determine using the compressive test on cube, split tensile test on cylinder and four-point bending test on prism respectively. The increasing amount of CF in mixture resulting the decreasing of workability of SCC-POFA-CF. The SCC mixture with 0.2% CF was selected as optimum as the strength reached the allowable limit of strength. The less crack was occurred on SCC-POFA-CF compared to the control specimen. Therefore, the propagation of crack in prism of SCC was control by coir fiber.
K-S Test for Crack Increment in Probabilistic Fracture Mechanics Analysis
Authors: Akramin M R M , Takahashi Akiyuki , Husnain M N M , Chuan Z L
Published: June 2020

Crack increment is a phenomenon in fracture mechanics. It is occurred due to the stress concentration at the imperfection material. Thus, it leads a crack to growth. Then, the crack will reach to a critical crack length before catastrophic failure could occur. Before the catastrophic failure occur, the cracked structure can be fully utilised until the crack reach to the critical crack length. Thus, it is crucial to investigate the behaviour of the crack increment in fracture mechanics. The main purpose of this paper is to model the crack increment in fracture mechanics analysis via Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The modelling requires a collection of crack data through experimental work. Then, the data was evaluated based on Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The results show that the crack increment can be modelled as a Gaussian distribution.
Effects of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag and Recycled Coarse Aggregates in Compressive Strength of Concrete
Authors: Subarkah M G , Sjah J , Maknun I J
Published: June 2020

Innovations in concrete technology are developing and increasing rapidly. Modifications were made in concrete research to produce concrete that is strong, economically valuable, and environmentally friendly. This can be done by using concrete waste as a concrete substitution material -which is coarse aggregate- and slag waste as a concrete substitution material for cement. In this research, the characteristic properties of these materials and the effects of their use on the strength of concrete will be studied. The compositions of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) varied by 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% with the coarse aggregate composition of 40% against natural aggregate. The use of 50% GGBFS gave the compressive strength of 24.8 MPa. The use of GGBFS will result the economic value of concrete and reduce CO2 emissions.
The Impact Influence of Highway Bridge due to Moving Vehicles
Authors: Lee Bo-Han , Yeh Fang-Yao , Chen Chun-Chung , Shiao Sheng-Yuan , Chang Kuo-Chun
Published: June 2020

In recent years, rapid urbanization associated with considerable urban population growth has placed significant demands on urban transport infrastructure. As a result, more and more elevated highways, usually long piers, have been erected in urban platforms to ease urban traffic pressures. However, the high traffic volume of such highway bridges can cause significant vibration. To study the effects of vibration caused by bridge traffic, this study monitored the acceleration due to moving vehicles of an isolated bridge for 24 hours. The fast Fourier transform method and the system implementation method are then used to analyse the acceleration measurements and thus to calibrate the system parameters of the bridge and the building. Besides, the displacement from the deck to the pier and the deck acceleration were measured to investigate how vehicle transport affects the structural performance of the deck and pier. The results can be used as a reference for improving vibration problems caused by bridge traffic in the future.
Behaviour of Circular RC Column Confined with Textile Reinforced Mortar under Compression Load
Authors: Mhd Haitham J , Kaish A B M A
Published: June 2020

The effectiveness of a new structural material, namely textile-reinforced mortar (TRM), was investigated experimentally in this study as a means of confining circular RC columns with two layers at different wrapping design. Four circular columns with size 600 mm height and 150 mm diameter were wrapped with glass fibre mesh at different types of wrapping design was prepared and tested under compression load. This study aims to establish an in- depth understanding on the effect of wrapping material and the design as a contributing factor in increment of load capacity. This research come into conclusion that wrapping the circular columns with TRM has increased the load capacity for the columns as compared to unwrapped columns, the best design is 100% wrapping with 14% increment in strength. Moreover, multiple researches have proven the efficacy of TRM wrapping design with different type of materials used in their studies. Based on the contemporaneity researches, this study was the first in term of studying the behaviour of circular RC column confined with various types of glass fibre design.
Effect of Calcined Ground Seashell Ash (GSA) in Concrete by Using Liquidation Technique
Authors: Ismail S , Abd Rahman M K , Muhammad Sidek M N
Published: June 2020

This research explores the potential of seashell being used in normal concrete. Experimental work has been carried out to determine the compressive strength of concrete by adding the calcined ground seashell ash (GSA). Liquidation technique was used to liquidise the GSA. A total of 4 mixes of GSA were prepared with different variation, which are 1%, 2%, 3% and 4%. All samples were water cured at 3, 7 and 28 days. The findings were yielded in good performance of compressive strength and specimen with 2% of GSA marked the highest strength of 59.77 N/mm2 compared to other specimen.
Performance in Thermal Conductivity of Bricks Containing Palm Oil Fuel Ash and Expanded Polystyrene Beads
Authors: Adnan S H , Zolkefli N K , Osman M H , Ahmad Jeni M L , Jamellodin Z , Abdul Hamid N A , Alisibramulisi A , Abdul Roni N , Nor Akasyah M N A
Published: June 2020

Sustainable development has encouraged us to sustain the balance between the development of the country and the biodiversity conservation. Productions of lightweight bricks with thermal conductivity and density that have acceptable compressive strength are accomplished. Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) was used as partial cement replacement and an expanded polystyrene (EPS) beads was used as sand replacement to manufacture of bricks. In this study, the control sample with a Cement: POFA: Sand: EPS ratio of 1.0: 0: 3.0: 0 were produce. The cement in the sample is replace by 25% of POFA and 0%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% of EPS. In this study, the test conducted was a thermal conductivity test and density test of the POFA, EPS beads and brick raw material. This sample was cured under full air-dry curing conditions were applied in this experiment. The density of bricks containing 0% of EPS Beads with 25% of POFA are higher than that of brick containing 50% of EPS Beads with 25% of POFA which are 1850 kg/m3 and 1357.14 kg/m3, respectively. The higher the percentage of EPS beads, the lower the brick’s density. The thermal conductivity of bricks containing 0%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% EPS with 25% POFA show that brick containing 50% EPS with 25% POFA have a lower thermal conductivity with 0.09 W/m°C due to the density of the sample.
Strength and Physical Properties of Concrete Brick at Elevated Temperature
Authors: Yassin N I M , Adnan S H , Shahidan S , Ayop S S
Published: June 2020

This paper discusses the strength and physical properties of lightweight concrete brick before and after being exposed to fire. For this study, lightweight concrete brick was made up of cement, sand, expanded polystyrene (EPS) and palm oil fuel ash (POFA). EPS and POFA are replacement materials used as sand and cement replacement respectively. The percentage of replacement materials was varied, which 0%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% for EPS and 0%, 10% and 25% for POFA. The strength and physical properties of bricks were observed and tested before and after being exposed to elevated temperature. Fire performance test of bricks was tested using electronic furnace where the temperature of fire was 300°C, 500°C and 700°C with heating rate 10°C/min. The duration of fire test was conducted for 2 hours. Among the physical properties that have been observed are deformation of shape, discolouration and surface cracking of brick samples. Generally, the brick strength were decreased as the percentage of materials replacement increase. The reduction of strength was continued when bricks were exposed to high temperature. However, the strength of the bricks was fluctuated when been exposed to different temperature.
Backwater Effect of Tidal Water Level Fluctuation and Riverine Discharge in An Idealized River
Authors: Awang Shariee A M S , Mohamad I N , Lee W K
Published: June 2020

Rivers debouching into the sea are subjected to tidal variation at the river mouth. Tide- river interaction can cause variations in discharge by giving an additional gradient in water level which known as a backwater effect and somehow can cause serious flood event. The main purposes for this paper are to determine the effect of backwater on the river under steady flow and flood condition. Hydrodynamic model was believed has the capabilities to simulate the behaviour of tide and flood coming from the river upstream. Numerical simulation of backwater effect due to riverine discharge into the open sea shows that significant backwater effect can be observed landward up to the point where the channel bed rises above the mean sea level. Tidal effect dominates in this lower reaches, whereas riverine peak discharge tends only to increase the water level in the upper reaches. The simple, idealized tide-river model reproduces the hydraulic of low land river well and can be extended to investigate the full range of tide and river flow to generalize the effect for backwater prediction.
Effect of Submerged Artificial Vegetation on Flow and Trapping Sediment
Authors: Nordila A , Syafiq K Y , Zuliziana S , Maidiana O
Published: June 2020

This study is about the effect of flow and trapping sediment using submerged artificial vegetation. The purpose of this study is to analyse the velocity of vegetation layer and upper layer, global flow resistance and determine the relationship between Total Suspended Solid (TSS) with flow velocity and vegetation density. Rigid cylinder model with diameter of 8 mm was used to simulate the artificial vegetation. The flow velocity on vegetation layer is found to be lowered compare to upper layer which result S-curve of vertical velocity profile. Besides, comparison of estimated and measured data of flow velocity and global flow resistance with previous researcher in term of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) also provided in this study. It is shown that at the lowest flow velocity, more sediment was trapped at the channel bed, where the TSS were increased from slow, moderate to fast velocity. The increment percentage of TSS value from slow to fast velocity were within 13.04% to 36.11% for vegetation density (m) of 1056 m−2. Next, for m of 1533 m−2, the increment percentage of TSS value from slow to fast velocity were within 5.55% to 5.26%. while m for 2756 m−2, the increment percentage of TSS value from slow to fast velocity were 6.67% and 6.25%. Slower flow velocity and higher vegetation density give the best performance in trapping sediment. It proves that the flow velocity and vegetation density play the key role for trapping sediment.
Effect of Different Aggregate Size on Sediment Concentration and Hydraulic Parameters in Overland Flow
Authors: Zuliziana S , Lathavikneswari S , Maidiana O , Nordila A , Mohd Asri M N
Published: June 2020

This study is about the impact of the rainfall on different aggregate size by using the rainfall simulator. The objectives of this study are to estimate the runoff, sediment concentration production, hydraulic parameters on different aggregate size and to investigate the relationship between sediment concentration and different hydraulic parameters. The hydraulic parameters including flow velocity, flow depth, shear stress and stream power. The different aggregate size, D0.6mm and D1.18mm, were set up under the rainfall simulator on a flat surface and slope angle 20°. The rainfall simulator was adjusted to the rainfall intensity 10 Lmin−1. The average rainfall intensity was a constant variable for this experiment. The runoff flow was collected at several intervals (30, 60, 90 and 120 min) for 2 hours. Then, the hydraulic parameters, runoff discharge and sediment concentration were measured. As the result, the average of sediment concentration increased as the slope also increased, from 335.667 to 1365.333 gm−3 and 173.767 to 555.333 gm−3 for aggregate size D0.6mm and Du8mm, respectively. The measured of sediment concentration was higher as the flow depth and shear stress was decreased. On the other hand, flow velocity and unit stream power were increased when directly relate between the sediment concentrations. In general, the precision of the hydraulic parameters in anticipating sediment concentration was: flow velocity > stream power > shear stress > unit stream power > flow depth.
Performance Efficiency of a Membrane-Type Floating Breakwater for Protection of Coastal and Offshore Facilities
Authors: Pereira E J , Teh H M , Chan W L , Silavaraj T
Published: June 2020

A flexible box-type floating breakwater composed of a number of membrane ballasts filled with air, water and sand has been developed for wave protection of various coastal and offshore applications. The combination of ballasts of different materials would eventually result in the same draft for all the tested models, and the performance efficiency of each breakwater model was ascertained by the means of physical modelling. A total of four rectangular breakwater models of different dynamic properties have been developed and tested in regular wave environment in a wave flume. The performance efficiency of the breakwater is determined by the wave transmission and energy dissipation characteristics. For comparison purposes, a control test model with similar dimensions is also tested in the similar test conditions. The proposed model with sand ballast at the bottom has been proven to have a higher wave attenuation capability than the other test models and the performance efficiency is comparable to that of the rigid box-type floating breakwater in some cases.
Bacteria Load Assessment at Sungai Benut in Simpang Renggam, Johor
Authors: Al-Gheethi Adel , Rahman Junita Ab. , Saphira Radin Mohamed Radin Maya , Talip Balkis , Ezree Abdullah Mohd
Published: June 2020

Bacteria load in Sungai Benut, Simpang Renggam Johor was assessed for its water quality index in this article. A total of 8 sampling stations at potential pollutant sources were analysed. These samples were tested for pH, temperature, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and Total coliform (TC) as well as Escherichia coli. A river that has TC more than 5000 CFU/100 ml was categorized in Class IIA which need conventional treatment and sensitive to aquatic species. Average pH of Sungai Benut was recorded as acidic with pH 5.95 ± 0.94 with temperature in the range of 23.03 – 31.04 °C. Three stations included SP3, SP8 and SP9 recorded high bacterial load on the second sampling which are 12000, 12000 and 25000 CFU/100 mL for TC. The stations SP3, SP7 and SP10 recorded 3000, 20000 and 70000 CFU/100 mL of E. coli respectively. The Water Quality Index (WQI) of 11.73 – 33.95 was recorded for first sampling which indicate that Sungai Benut is polluted, need extensive treatment and prompt action from the authority. However, WQI of 29.20 – 64.25 was recorded on third sampling showing improving of water quality in Sungai Benut. Overall, Sungai Benut was fall into Class IV on first sampling which need extensive treatment and improve its quality on third sampling. Further monitoring is needed as it is still consider as slightly polluted.
Energy Use and Corruption Mitigation: Implications for the Environmental Pollution
Authors: Lee H S , Lee S Y , Har W M , Low C W
Published: June 2020

Energy consumption is a main cause of environmental pollution emissions that dampens environmental performance. Furthermore, corruption may influence emissions unswervingly by reducing the stringency of environmental regulations which could increase environmental pollution emissions. Therefore, mitigation of corruption risks is a priority to tackle the problem of energy use that dampen environment. The objective of this study is to examine the impacts of energy use on environmental pollution and whether the corruption mitigation interact the relationship between energy use and environmental pollution. The sample includes thirteen selected Asia countries (Bangladesh, Brunei, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam) from year 1984 to 2017. Panel regression methods are employed to investigate the impacts of energy use, foreign direct investment, economic growth, population and control of corruption risk on carbon dioxide emissions. From the results, all of the models suggest that energy consumption does dampen environmental pollution. However, when energy use interacts with corruption mitigation, harmful effects that energy consumption have on environmental quality are minimised. It is concluded that increase in energy consumption will increase the pollution but this effect could be reduced with a better control on corruption. The implications of this study suggest that anticorruption strategies and effective environmental guidelines could limit the effects of energy use on environmental quality.
A Domestic Plastic Waste Recycling Procedure to Find the Optimal Heat Treatment for Better Hardness and Compression Properties
Authors: Al-Talib A M , Yong J C E , Yu L J , Choong J
Published: June 2020

The optimal recycling temperature and the time duration inside the oven to produce quality recycled plastic-waste has not been standardised. This research focuses on finding the optimal heat treatment procedures for the recycling of wasted plastics as a common guide for the recycling of wasted plastics by using basic domestic tools. Mechanical tests have been conducted on the recycled samples of HDPE and LDPE plastics to find the hardness and compression stress. It has been found that at oven temperature of 180°C, with a heating duration of 50 minutes inside the oven, yields an optimal hardness and compressive properties for LDPE. A temperature of 230° C, with a heating duration of 60 minutes, has been found to give the optimal properties for the HDPE.
Experimental Study for Determination of Bed Roughness in Open Rectangular Channel
Authors: Ahmad N A , Hadzim M F , Musa S
Published: June 2020

The experiments are carried out in a straight rectangular compound channel with fixed and nonaggregated bedding. The objectives of this study are to determine the bed roughness and flow characteristic in the open rectangular channel. This study was conducted in the hydrology and hydraulic lab at University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. Flume was divided into five parts starting from 1.25m to 6.25m. There are three parameters that tested in a flume with a clear channel, crushed and coarse aggregates. The flow rate was observed with three different values of 0.007m3/s, 0.011m3/s, and 0.015m3/s. The data collected was taken by three parameters that were clearly, crushed and coarse aggregate. From the study, the value derived from the bed acquired in the study was between 0.008 to 0.018 for a clear channel, 0.030-0.013 for the crushed aggregate and 0.016-0.041 which was crushed for coarse aggregate.
The performance of Pilot-scale Constructed Wetland for treating Stormwater
Authors: Othman M , Awang M , Samsudin N , Suif Z , Ahmad N , Nor M A Md
Published: June 2020

Constructed wetlands (CW) have been recognized as one of the environmental friendly technologies and successfully used for treating a diverse range of wastewaters. CW also suitable for native wetland plants and associated fauna habitat. In an urban environment likes university campus, a constructed wetland can provide as an educational and attractive green space for learning, teaching and research activities. This work focused on the performance of pilot-scale constructed wetlands as a sustainable wastewater treatment for treating and reusing the stormwater in the mini-reservoir situated in campus area. In this study, there were two tanks of pilot-scale CW with vertical subsurface flow (VSF) and horizontal subsurface flow (HSF) systems. Both was planted with the Cat-tail Typha Angustifolia and Tube Sedge in removal of total suspended solid (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and dissolved oxygen (DO) of the stormwater in the mini-reservoir in campus. The CW without any plants referred as a control system. The results show that the CW with vertical subsurface flow (VSF) system able to remove all parameters better that horizontal subsurface flow (HSF) system. The highest percentage of removal of all parameters was at hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 5 hours and percentage of removal increased with an increase in HRT. The percentage of removal for total suspended solid (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and dissolved oxygen (DO) approximately 85%, 70%, 68% and 25%. Thus, the constructed wetland had the potential to increase the waste water quality level.
Determination of Heavy Metal Concentration of Benut River at Simpang Renggam, Johor
Authors: Mohamed R M S R , Jais N M , Tajuddin S A M , Al-Gheethi A A S , Kassim A H M , Abdullah M E
Published: June 2020

The present study is aimed to determine heavy metal concentration in Benut River, Simpang Renggam, Johor. Heavy metals such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr) and Arsenic (As) were selected for the water quality assessment due to the potential sources from natural and anthropogenic sources at the case study. Sampling was conducted twice which was on April 2019 and July 2019 at eight (8) sampling points in Benut River. Eight (8) sampling points were chosen due high potential of pollutant at point sources include chicken farm, landfill, oil palm plantation and residential. Heavy metals were analysed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) followed the APHA (2012) standard. It can be concluded the Cu, Zn, Cd, Mn, Ni, Cr, As and Al are detected at Benut River and most of the heavy metals are within allowable standard by INWQS Class II and DWQS except for Al concentration. Therefore, concentration of heavy metals is low in Benut River for both sampling. However, continuous monitoring is needed to maintain the quality of Benut River and advance treatment could apply to the water treatment facility for this river water for household purpose.
Physico-Chemical Water Quality Parameters Analysis on Textile
Authors: Abu Bakar Norshila , Othman N. , Yunus Z. M. , Daud Zawawi , Salsabila Norisman Nur , Haziq Hisham Muhammad
Published: June 2020

The prevention of pollutants from textile wastewater is important to ensure a healthy life and sustainability of local development. This paper aims to determine the concentration of the physico-chemical water quality parameters in textile wastewater taken from a textile factory at Sri Sulong, Batu Pahat, Johor of Malaysia. The samples were directly brought to the laboratory for analysis, and the content of textile wastewater quality was characterized using physico-chemical analyses including temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), colour, alkalinity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and heavy metals (cadmium, copper, ferum, manganese, lead, and zinc). The results also indicated some of the parameters for final discharge textile wastewater could not be safely discharged because they did not comply with the standards of Standard B such as COD, BOD, colour, TSS, cadmium, and zinc. The results of this studies showed that the concentrations of COD, BOD, colour, TSS, cadmium, and zinc were between the range of 55 - 294 mg/L, 7.1 - 85 mg/L, 17 - 140 mg/L, 69 - 205 mg/L, 0.001 - 0.047 mg/L, and 0.488 - 2.220 mg/L respectively, higher than the values in Standard B. Textile wastewater is classified by pollution severity as strong wastewater. This study provides an understanding and assists in selecting suitable treatment for textile industrial wastewater prior to discharge to comply with the standard permissible of the environmental quality act.
Investigation of heavy metals pollution in Piyungan Landfill underground and surface water
Authors: Nursetiawan  , Shaylinda N M Z , Amani N F M K , Mohd-Salleh S N A , Shahar M S
Published: June 2020

Assessing the potential hazard to the groundwater resource and surface runoff from solid waste disposal activities is considered necessary. This study focused on the effect of the leachate produced from the Piyungan landfill to both groundwater resources and surface runoff water quality. Groundwater samples were taken from point W1 (control) and W26, leachate samples were taken from LP1 (before treatment) and LP5 (after treatment), and drain samples were taken from L6 and L14, respectively. Heavy metals in these samples were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). The results showed that leachate and drain samples had higher heavy metals content compared to groundwater samples. Leachate migration might happen in W26 since it located in the lower elevation of the landfill. For the leachate sample, the concentrations of Cr, Mn, Ni, As, and Se exceeded the allowable limit for raw water and leachate effluent. Deposition of heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Ni, As and Se) were also detected in W1 and W26 but still within the permissible limit. Continuous monitoring for heavy metals migration and the addition of leachate treatment processes in the landfill are suggested to avoid the occurrence of risky pollution to the surrounding area.
The Development of Healing Environment Concept: A review
Authors: Nor Hamzah Azi Izwani , Kuang LEE Chia , Kamaruzzaman Zetty Ain , Abdul Wahab Nubli
Published: June 2020

Good environment will reflect the user’s life in many aspects. Therefore, many concepts have been developed to produce such good and excellent environment. One of it is healing concept that have a positive effect based on previous research. Although this concept has been developed since many years ago but the understanding and implementation level are still low. Therefore, aim of this study was to explore the development of healing concept consist of several framework and can applied into comprehensive built environment design. Studies started from searching keyword that related with healing garden. The word healing has also substitute with other synonym words that reflect the same meaning. In general, healing can be defined as a good and positive effect of psychology. Finding shows that, healing concept can be applied in the building and landscape design. Healing garden is one of the implementations derive from healing concept. Research suggest for future, is to studies about benefits of healing or restorative concept and focus on specific user. Studies shows that this idea has brighter future to be explore especially for design and built environment specialist. Study contributes to the body of knowledge around practitioner and also researcher.
Integration of BIM and Archibus for Facility Management (FM) in FKAAS, UTHM Building
Authors: Solla M , Shaarani A S M , Mustaffa A A , Ismail L H
Published: June 2020

Building Information Modelling (BIM) can play a great role in improving the operation and maintenance (O&M) of building and facility management (FM) through the use of construction technology. BIM can be implemented in design, construction and facility management which provide a digital database of information management that can be easily shared between stakeholders. However, the use of BIM in O&M for FM is still limited in Malaysian construction. The aim of this study is to explore the integration of using BIM tools and FM software for space management as the primary key to facility management. FKAAS building located in UTHM has been used as the case study for this research. The main objective is to develop a 3D BIM model by using Revit Autodesk and integrate into ARCHIBUS software to manage spaces based on Sistem Kod Aset Tak Alih Kerajaan (SKATA). As a result, the data of the building can be used by the facility management to manage the building spaces in a more efficient way and enhance the building performance in future. This result can help the facility management of FKAAS building to manage spaces, space inventory and better performance and maintenance for FKAAS and other UTHM Buildings.
Implementation of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in Sarawak Construction Industry: A Review
Authors: Zaini N , Ahmad Zaini A , Tamjehi S D , Razali A W , Gui H C
Published: June 2020

The construction industry believes that Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a platform to transform the construction industry to a higher level by enhancing productivity and efficiency. It is proven that with BIM process execution, productivity can be enhanced through the effective collaboration process, increased return of investment, and reliable information to support the decision-making process. Efficiency can be enhanced through an integrated design process, reliable and accurate cost estimates, reduced financial risk, and reduced potential dispute. Thus, clients are gradually enforcing the use of BIM in their projects, resulting in many construction companies investing in BIM technology to fulfil clients’ needs. This paper presents a review of over recent research to identify the key of elements of awareness, benefits, strategies and implementation of BIM. The result reveals that the top ten (10) ranking of BIM awareness, BIM benefits, BIM challenges and BIM strategies for the industry player to implement and adopt BIM in Sarawak construction industry.
The Relationship between National Culture and Organizational Culture in Determining the Project Success Factors in the Perception of Project Professionals in Malaysia
Authors: Muthusamy Kanesan , Che Adnan Roslinda
Published: June 2020

Project success factors have become fundamental to project management practice in assuring successful projects. Yet, project failure has become common and a recurrent feature of infrastructure construction projects, not only in developing countries but also in most developed countries including Malaysia resulting in total abandonment of projects, prolonged project delay, cost overrun and client dissatisfaction. Researches on critical success factors impacting project results are important. Nevertheless, these researches are widely done in developed countries such as the USA and the UK under their culture orientation, while neglecting certain aspects, with limited evidence from developing countries such as Malaysia. This paper presents findings from a survey response from Malaysians who are project leaders, project management practitioners and project delivery team on their perception of project success factors. Selected literature review and survey questionnaire were used as data collection method for this study. Respondents’ national and organisational culture dimensions were analysed using Hofstede’s culture models and compared to the national and organisation culture dimensions of both the USA and the UK. The result of the analysis have suggested that that over and above age, and gender, individual perceptions of success factors varies with cultural differences. These findings have important implications for how companies can manage adaptation effectively to be able to achieve advantages in the various cultures where they operate while extending their main sources of advantage across borders, and in some cases even creating cultural diversity itself a supply of advantage.
The Adoption of Value Engineering Practices in the Libyan Construction Industry
Authors: Elsonoki M M , Yunus R , Yunus S R , Hamid A R A
Published: June 2020

Libya is a developing country that suffers from an acute shortage of appropriate infrastructure and buildings. The reconstruction of Libya, especially in the aftermath of the 2011 uprising and the subsequent conflicts, requires applying effective strategies to minimize waste of, and efficiently manage, available resources. It is suggested that the adoption of Value Engineering (VE) may improve efficiency in decision-making. The aim of this paper is to present the process of using the Delphi Method to develop a research instrument suitable for assessing current VE practices as well as the factors that could influence the adoption of VE in the Libyan construction industry. The development of this research instrument has passed through three major refining phases, namely: (i) Back Translation, (ii) Pilot Study and (iii) Delphi Method. By the end of the Delphi study, 12 factors, derived from the literature, have been rated as relevant to the research instrument and considered as factors that could influence the adoption of VE in the Libyan construction industry. These factors are as follows; 1) awareness, 2) knowledge, 3) adhocracy culture, 4) market orientation, 5) transformational leadership style, 6) organizational learning, 7) product innovativeness, 8) process innovativeness, 9) business innovativeness, 10) information technology, 11) government regulations and 12) readiness to adopt VE. This paper may complement the existing body of knowledge on using the Delphi Method to enhance research instrument.
Time-lag Analysis of Potential Waste Materials as Thermal Insulation in Tropical Climate: A Preliminary Investigation
Authors: Normaswanna Tawasil Dg , Aminudin Eeydzah , Shukor Lim Hasanah Abdul , Zakaria Rozana , bin Ahmad Hamdan , Pau Chung Leng , Wai Loan Liew , Abdul Hamid Abdul Rahim , Zaini Nik Soh Nik Mohd
Published: June 2020

Energy consumption has shown that residential building is among the main contributors of energy demand. Besides, the harsh climatic conditions have causes substantial amount of energy which contributes indirectly towards the impact on carbon emission to the nations. Hence, this research utilised the potential agricultural wastes materials that is potential for insulate the thermal building performance. The outer and inner surface temperature has been measured on selected seven (7) type of wastes material from agricultural and processing sector every 30 minutes from 0900hr to 1800hr for a day in order to determine the decrement factors (DF), average daily time-lag for heat transfer as one of the thermal insulation properties. Results on the time-lag for all selected potential waste materials as thermal insulation whereas sugarcane bagasse is the lowest 107.5 minutes, followed by both coffee grounds and coconut husk with 130 minutes and wood wool with 132.5 minutes. Meanwhile, empty fruit bunch, coconut fibre and pineapple leave with time-lag of 140 minutes, 142.5 minutes and 145 minutes respectively are the highest time-lag occurred. Generally, the lowest Tis is the better the thermal performance therefore, coconut fibre with smaller DF, larger LT but slightly higher Tis than EFB (32°C) which is 32.2 °C might be the suitable material use as thermal insulation.
Potential Review on Energy Analysis Attributes for in 6 Dimension Application in Building Information Modelling (BIM)
Authors: Hadi Ahamad Abdul , Aminudin Eeydzah , Zakaria Rozana , Ahamad Nurulhuda , Rahim A , Chung L P , Nisa Lau Santi Edra
Published: June 2020

Rapid advancement on digitalisation is changing the way buildings are planned, designed, built and managed nowadays. A collaborative computer-based environment known as Building Information Modelling (BIM) is one of the advancements introduced as a platform to boost up the efficiency of the construction industry. However, poorly designed, constructed and managed building or infrastructure contribute to environmental issues such as CO2 emissions and energy consumption. Thus, attachment of sustainability element in BIM not only increase the efficiency of the project but also can help to plan, design and construct in a more environmentally friendly way. A study on the overall energy use throughout the construction life cycle is needed to identify the most critical stages and to develop energy-reduction strategies via BIM. Thus, this paper provides an intensive review of BIM understanding, its energy analysis practices in the construction phase and existing building environmental assessment tools in BIM. To achieve this, an in-depth review was carried out focusing on the content analysis of a few journal articles related to BIM, energy analysis and sustainability assessment tool. Hence, this paper contributes by discussing the wide variety of building environmental assessment instruments and categorising existing tools to be used in the BIM.
Tenants’ office leasing motivators toward the tangible and symbolic aspects of office buildings: Between Green and Non-Green Buildings
Authors: Kim S , Lim B T H
Published: June 2020

Increasing interests in the sustainable development of the Australian building sector has resulted in a surge of green buildings across the country. Nonetheless, limited studies have been done to compare green and non-green building tenants’ leasing motivators. To address this gap, this study aims to examine tenants’ leasing motivators toward tangible and symbolic aspects of office buildings. To this, a questionnaire survey was conducted, and the obtained responses were analysed using the Mann-Whitney U test, followed by an examination on their effect sizes. The results show that green buildings tenants put more emphasis on certain tangible aspects of office buildings such as building sustainability ratings, building quality and energy efficiency. Likewise, green building tenants’ higher emphasis on several symbolic aspects of office buildings, including their attractiveness to future employees, was found. The results inform policymakers and building owners that understanding tenants’ leasing motivators and establish targeted strategy is important to provide adequate office spaces.
Commuting Accidents Within Construction Sectors: A Review of Case
Authors: Sukor E S A , Suratkon A , Mohammad H
Published: June 2020

Road traffic accidents are the leading cause of death in most countries, and the eighth leading cause of death worldwide. In Malaysia, this situation is particularly alarming when data obtained from the Road Safety Department shows an increase in the number of road accidents over time. Zooming in to accidents involving employees working in organizations, a major concern emerged since a recent statistic from the Social Security Organization (SOCSO) of Malaysia shows that accidents reported to SOCSO increased from 61,552 cases in 2012 to 69,980 cases in 2017. Although covering both industrial and commuting accidents, SOCSO’s data on the latter for the construction sector recorded a total of 1,913 accidents in 2012 and continues to increase dramatically to 3,386 accidents in 2016, which among the highest within all industry sector. Defined as an accident while travelling back and forth to official business (from or to the workplace), previous data on commuting accidents for one of the nation’s crucial sector are further dampened the existing negative image of safety in construction. Furthermore, this issue has resulted in an increase in mortality, an extensive compensation claims, and losing valuable talent. Thus, following the hard-cold data presented by the paper, an initiative for a full-fledge research undertaking are in the pipeline. This to ensure a holistic solution for the problem in hand and ensuring improvement for safety and health of construction personnel particularly during commuting.
Sustainable Mobility, Maritime, Airport, and Regional Government Revenue and Expenditure (APBD)
Authors: Ikhsan Setiawan Muhammad , Durrotun Nasihien Ronny , Mohammad Razi Mohd Adib , Ting I-Hsien
Published: June 2020

Commercial and development-centered airports, or aerotropolis, develop together that results in “economies of speed.” There are two-hundred ninety-six (296) official airports in Indonesia, which is the most in ASEAN. PT Angkasa Pura I and PT Angkasa Pura II each manages thirteen (13) airports; the National ARMY operates fifty-three (53) airports, the Ministry of Transportation Airport Operator Unit manages one-hundred seventy-eight (178) airports, and the Local Government UPT oversees thirty-nine (39) airports. The research aims to find factors that influence regional government revenues and expenditures. The analysis begins with the coefficient of determination, a measure of the total variation in non- independent variables that could be explained by its relationship with the independent variable. Then, multiple linear regression analysis is used to determine the effect of airport performance variables on regional government revenues and expenditures (APBD) variables, using the multiple linear regression formula. The conclusion is that the input variables that have the most influence on regional government revenues and expenditures (APBD) are: (1) number of passenger departures, (2) number of passenger arrivals, (3) unloading baggage, and (4) baggage loading.
On the Mechanical Recycling of Decommisioned Insulation Polymer Composite Components
Authors: Grammatikos Sotirios , Tsampas Spyros , Papatzani Styliani , Luping Tang , Löfgren Ingemar , Petterson Jocke
Published: June 2020

Fibre reinforced polymer composites (FRPs) are being increasingly used in aerospace and automotive applications due to their high specific mechanical properties. The construction industry has also started taking advantage of the potential of FRPs for both structural and non-structural purposes. The result of this remarkable absorption of FRPs within the worldwide production market, has led to an immense increase of decommissioned thermoset-matrix components. Nowadays, the majority of the decommissioned FRP components are recovered energy-wise through incineration or simply discarded in landfills around the globe. Within the framework of this paper, we present a solution for the extension of the service life of decommissioned FRP components. Decommissioned electrical insulation FRP pipes were granulated and incorporated as fillers within both cementitious and polymer matrix composites. The effect of FRP granulates on the mechanical performance of cementitious and polymer matrix composites is examined to determine the maximum granulate-filler fraction that can be recycled without compromising the mechanical performance and manufacturing process.