bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experience in Assessing Tax Policy Based on OLG Models of Overlapping Generations
Authors:   Financial University,  Moscow, Russia, Polyakova O. V.
Published: January 2025

In the context of the renewal of the tax system in the Russian Federation from 2025, the topic of assessing the impact of changes in the taxation procedure on the well-being of various groups of the population and society as a whole has become particularly relevant. The article examines the international experience of analyzing the effects of tax policy based on OLG models of overlapping generations, taking into account the level of labor productivity of individuals, their education, wealth and life expectancy. It is shown that the transition to a progressive scale of taxation of personal income necessitates a choice between reducing social inequality and economic growth. Progressive taxation reduces the incentives for high-paid workers to work. An increase in taxes on capital does not contribute to investment and accelerate economic growth, but it can reduce social inequality if the amounts received from additional tax collections are directed to social transfers. The values of the optimal marginal tax rates on income are given, depending on the specific parameters of the chosen taxation model. Taking into account the realities of recent years, it is concluded that the burden on the budget is increasing, forcing the leadership of countries to raise taxes. However, the effectiveness of implementing this measure largely depends on the structure of the redistribution of additional tax revenues, as evidenced by most studies: if in the short term the impact on economic growth from the transition to a progressive tax system is weakly negative, the effect of changing the taxation order in the long term depends entirely on the effectiveness of the redistribution of additional budget revenues.
The Financial Foundations of National and International Aspects of Governance in the Context of the Dysfunctionality of the Global Monetary and Financial System and the Growth of Hybrid Threats
Authors:   National Research of Nizhny Novgorod State University named after N. I. Loba-chevsky, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, Chernov V.A.
Published: January 2025

The relevance of the article is due to the aggravation of international rela-tions, the regulation of which is impossible without overcoming the global finan-cial crisis with financial policy instruments and mechanisms. The subject of the study is the financial aspects of national and international governance, leading to the dysfunctionality of the global monetary and financial system. The objectives of the work are to identify the components of the international monetary and fi-nancial system underlying the regulation of global finance, the mechanisms that generate crisis phenomena in the world, and to establish the role of individual components of the Main Directions of the unified state monetary policy of the Bank of Russia in terms of achieving economic growth. As a result of the study, the key components of the new monetary and financial system that determine the transformation of the global socio-economic paradigm are highlighted. The finan-cial and legal mechanism underlying unipolar dominance is revealed, and ways of its transition to a multipolar world and a growth economy are proposed through financial and legal instruments based on the application of a dialectical approach, methods of comparison, grouping, statistical, graphical methods, as well as de-scriptive analysis. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the key to solv-ing the problem of strengthening national sovereignty and partnerships between states on an equal and mutually beneficial basis lies in the field of financial policy and legal frameworks, as well as in the system of international monetary regula-tion.
Archipelagi Ostrowskiej. Proust, Kristeva i pejzaże "Czasu osobnego"
Authors: Dąbrowski Bartosz
Published: January 2025

In article Archipelagos of Róża Ostrowska. Proust, Kristeva and the landscapes of ‘A detached time’, I examine the issue of the literary representation of time in Ostrowska's prose in the perspective of Julia Kristeva's psychoanalytic concepts. I am primarily interested in the connections between gender, sexual difference and temporality, as well as the category of “intimate revolution”. The revolutionary (and at the same time subversive) act here consists in treating the categories of repetition, cycle and return differently, i.e. reinterpreting them as actions consisting in discovering the archaic temporality of chora mothers and utopian redefinition of nostalgia and memory. The key experience in such a case becomes the kairotic experience of the moment as stopping time and discovering a deep, feminine self. This type of subjective gesture is symbolized in Ostrowska’s prose by the phantasmatic landscape of the island and the category of intimate separate time.
Kobiece doświdczenie pracy z traumą transgeniczną w powieści "Gorzko, gorzko" Joanny Bator
Authors: Eron Katarzyna
Published: January 2025

The article is an attempt to reflect on the women’s experience of working on transgenerational trauma on example of the novel by Joanna Bator entitled Gorzko, gorzko. Due to the cultural marginalization and stigmatization, the process of understanding or interrupting intergenerational transmission of trauma costs women a lot of effort and sometimes do not succeed at all. The text analyses four generations mother-daughter (sometimes grandmother-granddaughter) relationships, in which the youngest family member tries to break the transgenerational transmissions to begin consciously creating her own future as free from the suffering of others.
GENETIC MARKING OF LIVE WEIGHT OF MEAT SHEEP AT AN EARLY AGE
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, SELIONOVA M.I.
Published: January 2025

The study analyzed the genetic diversity of polymorphism in the calpain (CAPN1) and leptin (LEP) genes in ewes and rams of the Kalmyk fat-tailed breed and the influence of different genotypes on their live weight and average daily gain. It was found that the proportion of the C allele 179 in the CAPN1 locus was higher in rams, while the T and C alleles were equally frequent in ewes. The T allele was more common in ewes and rams than in the parent stock. In the LEP locus, animals with the AG genotype were most common. No deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were found for either locus. Ewes and rams of different genotypes for the CAPN1 gene did not differ in live weight at birth, but by the age of weaning, both rams and ewes with the CC genotype outperformed the young animals of other genotypes. No reliable differences were found between the live weight and average daily gain in ewes and rams of different genotypes for the LEP gene, except that the rams of the AA genotype were characterized by a higher live weight at birth than their peers. It was found that stud rams with the AA genotype were significantly inferior in live weight to rams with other genotypes, while ewes with the AA genotype outperformed ewes of other groups in this trait.
AGRIBUSINESS DEVELOPMENT IN THE SARATOV REGION: PROSPECTS FOR IMPROVING THE ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY OF FARMS
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, KATKOVA E.A.
Published: January 2025

The article briefly reviews the state program ‘Development of Agriculture and Regulation of Agricultural Products, Raw Materials and Food in the Saratov Region’, on the basis of which current trends for improving the economic sustainability of farms in the short and long term are highlighted. It assesses the micro and macro environment of the agro-industrial sector and analyses the measures taken to implement the tasks of economic development of the agro-industrial sector in the region. Recommendations are made to improve the effectiveness of the municipal policy and to eliminate the identified shortcomings, among which agricultural insurance and the implementation of the EGS principles should be highlighted.
The concept of betrayal in the consciousness of the English: A psycholinguistic study
Authors: Ivanchenko Mariia , Kolegaeva Iryna
Published: January 2025

The study attempts to reveal verbal, that is, lexically materialised associative responses of English respondents to the word stimulus’ betrayal’. As the word association test is considered a reliable way of studying the content of the national mental image of a specific concept, the method allowed to receive a collective linguistic representation of the researched concept reflected in the consciousness of the tested participants. The association test was held with undergraduate and postgraduate students, respondents with bachelor’s and master’s degrees who were native speakers of English and residents of London (England), aged 18 to 25 (365 males, 411 females). The test results show that the English associate the concept of 'betrayal' with a traitor. They clearly identify the subjects of betrayal – specific persons (historical, public, political figures, heroes of cartoons and literary works) with whom the objects of betrayal were in a close, trusting relationship. The characteristic features of traitors are treachery, lack of empathy, and the desire to hurt deliberately. The motivations behind such persons’ behavioural scenarios are deception, fraud, and searching for personal gain. In the consciousness of English speakers, such behaviour is verbalised as a shameful act, a crime that must be punished. Betrayal causes negative emotions and is characterised as harmful, destructive, and disgusting.
Disclosure Statement
The authors reported no potential conflicts of interest.
A Study on the Effectiveness of Art Education Using VR 360 Camera - Focused on the Cultural Heritage Art
Authors:   Korean Industrial Technology Convergence Society, ZHU YUN , Kim Hyun-Tae
Published: January 2025

This study aims to design a dance lesson plan utilizing VR 360 cameras and apply it with actual dance class participants. An empirical analysis was conducted to measure the effectiveness of dance education using VR 360 cameras (student satisfaction and class efficiency). This quantitative evaluation assessed the impact of VR technology on dance learning outcomes. In analyzing the differences in class efficiency and satisfaction by gender, males scored significantly higher than females in both class efficiency and satisfaction. The analysis of differences by grade level showed significant variations in class efficiency and satisfaction, with higher grades generally reporting higher efficiency and satisfaction. Additionally, the analysis of differences based on the duration of instruction indicated that class efficiency varied depending on the duration of instruction, with those who had more than five years of instruction showing the highest satisfaction. There were also statistically significant differences in class satisfaction. These results provide important implications for the future of art education development, emphasizing the necessity of integrating various advanced technologies in convergence education.
The Structural Relationship Among Entrepreneurship, Occupational Future Time Perspective, and Behavioral Support for Organizational Change
Authors:   Korean Industrial Technology Convergence Society, Ju Haewon , Hong Ji-Woong
Published: January 2025

This study aims to test the effect of occupational future time perspective on the impact of entrepreneurship, which refers to the essential competency of organizational change, on behavioral support for organizational change. Thus, entrepreneurship, occupational future time perspective, and behavioral support for organizational change are surveyed among 366 workers at manufacturing companies, and the final 352 responses are used. Statistical analyses, including structural equation modeling, are performed on the mediation model. The result shows that entrepreneurship contribute positively to behavioral support for organizational change, and that the partial mediating effect of occupational future time perspective is supported in the relationship. Therefore, a method can be devised to increase behavioral support for organizational change among various solutions in a highly uncertain business environment. Additionally, practical implications are suggested.
PCA-Based Detection of Drone Landing Sites Using Normal Vector Estimation
Authors:   Korean Industrial Technology Convergence Society, Bae Gyeong-Min , Han Sang-Ik
Published: January 2025

This study proposes a principal component analysis (PCA)-based algorithm for the detection of drone landing sites, designed to be both simple and efficient while considering the hardware limitations inherent in drones. The algorithm utilizes point cloud data (PCD) to identify potential landing sites through PCA-based normal vector estimation, demonstrating its applicability even in resource-constrained systems. Experimental validation, utilizing data acquired from drones, confirmed that the proposed method identified safe landing sites more rapidly and reliably than algorithms presented in previous studies. The proposed approach ensures both efficiency and accuracy, rendering it a promising solution for resource-limited systems, such as drones.
La computación en la educación mexicana: un testimonio de medio siglo de evolución
Authors: Saldaña Aldana Héctor
Published: January 2025

El presente trabajo examina la evolución de la computación en la educación en México a lo largo de casi cinco décadas, desde los años setenta hasta la actualidad, a través de la experiencia personal y profesional del autor. Se abordan los inicios de la computación en el país, caracterizados por el acceso limitado a tecnologías como los mainframes, y su posterior expansión en las instituciones educativas con la llegada de las computadoras personales. Además se analiza la influencia de la computación en la formación docente y la innovación educativa, así como los desafíos actuales en la enseñanza de esta disciplina. Se ofrece una visión crítica sobre el impacto de la computación en la educación mexicana y reflexiona sobre su futuro, aportando un testimonio directo como fuente primaria que contribuye al entendimiento de la evolución tecnológica en el ámbito educativo.
Perancangan Visual Branding untuk Meningkatkan Identitas dan Daya Saing UMKM Binaan Otorita Ibu Kota Nusantara (IKN)
Authors: Sary Kezia Arum , Boer Kheyene Molekandella , Agustian Jaka Farih , Sanjaya Muhammad Nurdin , Maudi Muthia
Published: January 2025

Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan kontribusi nyata dalam pengembangan dan pemberdayaan Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) yang tergabung dalam program pembinaan Otorita Ibu Kota Nusantara (IKN) melalui perancangan visual branding. Fokus pengabdian ini adalah pada peningkatan identitas dan daya saing UMKM melalui elemen-elemen visual yang kuat dan memikat. Metode pengabdian akan melibatkan kolaborasi antara peneliti, desainer, dan pelaku UMKM Binaan Otorita IKN. Langkah-langkahnya mencakup analisis mendalam terhadap karakteristik bisnis dan nilai-nilai UMKM, serta pengembangan strategi visual branding yang sesuai dengan identitas lokal dan tujuan bisnis mereka. Selanjutnya, akan dilakukan pelatihan kepada pemilik UMKM terkait implementasi dan pemeliharaan identitas visual yang telah dirancang.
MAKNA DENOTATIF DAN KONOTATIF UANG PANAI’ DALAM TRADISI BUGIS BONE
Authors: Hamzah Nur Afifah , Alfikri Rausen Aditya  , Mashud Mashud
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this research is to reveral the meaning contained in the tradition of uang panai’ which is always viewed from a negative perspective, but there are positive meanings that can be propagated in the tradition. The research method used is a qualitative description with the type of research namely field research. The theory used is Roland Barthes’ semiotic theory which examines denotation and connotation meanings. The result of this study found that the denotative meaning of uang panai’ in Bugis society has been understood as money given to the bride for shopping purposes at the wedding. There are three connotative meanings, namely as a symbol of social strata, a symbol of binding and as a symbol of respect for women.
PENGARUH METODE PROJECT BASED LEARNING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MENULIS TEKS EKSPLANASI SISWA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 1 PENANGGALAN KOTA SUBULUSSALAM
Authors: Atmiarti Atmiarti , Padlurrahman Padlurrahman , Khaerul Wazni Muhammad
Published: January 2025

The aim of this research was to determine the effect of constructive play and linguistic intelligence on the beginning reading abilities of children aged 5-6 years at Pembina Kindergarten, Labuhan Haji District. The type of research used is quantitative research with an experimental research method with a 2 x 2 level treatment design. The population of this research is all 28 children in Kindergarten Pembina, the sampling technique is a multistage random sampling technique. Data analysis techniques use descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Meanwhile, inferential statistical analysis takes the form of a two-way ANOVA test and a Tukey test with a significance level of α=0.05. The results of this study show that there is an influence of constructive games and linguistic intelligence on initial reading ability with a two-way ANOVA test of fcount= 22,443 > ftable= 4.26. In addition, F (OAB) = 4.690> ftable = 4.26. There is an interaction between constructive play and cognitive style on children's beginning reading abilities with fcount = 300,171 > ftable = 4.26. Based on the results of the Tukey test, Qcount A1B1 = 22.07 > Qtable = 4.60. Tukey test results obtained Qcount A2B2 = 12.59 > Qtable = 4.60. This shows that the group of children who have linguistic intelligence, the beginning reading abilities of children who are given constructive play with image media, H1 in each hypothesis is accepted.
TINDAK TUTUR ILOKUSI DAN KESANTUNAN BERBAHASA PADA NOVEL ANDREA HIRATA
Authors: Ayu Purboningrum Indah , Sumarwati Sumarwati , Rohmadi Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Illocutionary speech acts are speech acts that are most often encountered in life to help the communication process between speakers and speech partners. Communication that is established usually needs to pay attention to the principles of language politeness. Both studies are not only found in life but can also be contained in novel literary works. This study aims to identify the form and function of illocutionary speech acts and language politeness in the interaction between teachers and students in Andrea Hirata's novel. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The data sources in this research are the novels Sang Pemimpi and Guru Aini by Andrea Hirata. The sampling technique is done by purposive sampling technique. This research concludes that there are five forms of illocutionary speech acts in Andrea Hirata's novel, namely assertive illocutionary speech acts, directive illocutionary speech acts, declarative illocutionary speech acts, expressive illocutionary speech acts, and commissive illocutionary speech acts. There are also six maxims based on Geoffrey Leech's theory, namely the maxim of wisdom, the maxim of generosity, the maxim of respect, the maxim of simplicity, the maxim of agreement, and the maxim of sympathy in Andrea Hirata's novel. This research provides a treasure of knowledge about illocutionary speech acts and language politeness in the study of pragmatics.
PENINGKATAN MENULIS ESAI TENAGA PENDIDIK UNTUK SELEKSI CALON GURU PENGGERAK (CGP) MENGGUNAKAN MODEL COOPERATIVE INTEGRATED READING AND CONVERSATIONS (CIRC) BERBASIS LIFE SKILLS
Authors: Fitri Aidi
Published: January 2025

The involvement of educators in the selection of Prospective Teacher Teachers (CGP) in the Junior Vocational Middle School 5 environment is very low. This is because educators' ability to write essays is very low. Therefore, appropriate learning techniques are needed to improve these skills. Therefore, the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composite (CIRC) technique can be used as the right solution to improve these skills. The method used in this research is descriptive and qualitative in the form of classroom action research. The research was conducted at SMP Negeri 5 Vocational Youth and the research subjects were educators who taught at the school. This research process was carried out in three cycles: pre-cycle, cycle I, and cycle II. The results of the research are as follows: The pre-cycle learning completion level was 12.50%, the first cycle was 56.25%, and the second cycle was 81.25%. The essay writing proficiency score increased from pre-cycle to cycle 1 and reached the index in cycle 2. Referring to the results of this research, the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composite (CIRC) technique was proven to improve educators' essay writing skills. This is also proven by the increase in the number of educators who have experienced an increase in class 10.
STRATEGI PENERJEMAHAN METAFORA KONSEPTUAL TENTANG CINTA DALAM LIRIK LAGU LANA DEL REY
Authors: Andini Arditya Sasmi Dwi , Yunita Tria , Rahma Fitzgelard Arsyita , Kusumastuti Fenty
Published: January 2025

This research discusses strategies for translating conceptual metaphors contained in Lana Del Rey's song lyrics. The aim of this research is to describe and analyze the translation strategies of conceptual metaphors contained in Lana Del Rey's song lyrics. This research uses qualitative methods with descriptive form. The data in this research are Lana Del Rey's song lyrics which contain conceptual metaphors about love. The data sources in this research are several Lana Del Rey songs. The data collection method in this research uses the lobservation method with note-taking techniques. This research uses data analysis methods by identifying and analyzing the meaning of conceptual metaphors about love contained in song lyrics based on Larson's theory about metaphor translation strategies and appropriate translations. The research results show that the use of translation strategies for conceptual metaphors about love in Lana Del Rey's songs is divided into three types, including (1) Translating metaphors from the source language into similes by adding the words "like" or "like", (2) Translating metaphors from the source language. the same source of metaphor in the target language, but accompanied by an explanation of its meaning, and (3) Translating the metaphor into a non-figurative expression. The most widely used translation strategy is to translate metaphors from the source language into similes by adding the words "like" or "like".
AN ANALYSIS OF FLOUTING MAXIM IN ANIMATED MOVIE THE EMPEROR’S NEW GROOVE: A PRAGMATIC APPROCH
Authors: Sitinjak Lasmaida , Saragi Christina Natalina , Manurung Lastri Wahyuni
Published: January 2025

This research discusses a pragmatic study, focusing on the film "Animated Movie The Emperor's New Groove" and its maxims violations. Knowing the types of maxims that are ignored and the dominant flouting     often committed by characters in films is the objective of this study. Grice's Theory (1975) is used in this research. Here, the researchers used a qualitative descriptive method. With observation, data is collected. These actions consist of watching the movie "Animated Movie the Emperor's New Groove" and then observing discussions where the maxims are violated.The research results show that there are four types of maxims found in the film. The total data is 80 data points that violate. 36 (45%) maximum violation data Quantity, 11 (14%) maximum violation data Quality, 12 (15%) data on maximum relationship violations, 9 (11%) data on maximum method violations. From the results found by the researchers, the maxim most frequently violated is the Maxim of Quantity, which was violated 36 times (45%). Violating a maxim means that the speaker cannot adhere to the maxim correctly. Maxim violations occur because the speaker deliberately does not adhere to the maxim. The reasons for using maxims violations in films also vary, such as ignoring the interlocutor's statements, providing excessive information, trying to change the topic of conversation to make it irrelevant, and causing the interlocutor to think ambiguously about what the speaker means.
KONSTRUKSI GENDER DALAM BAHASA SASAK: KAJIAN WACANA FUNGSIONAL SISTEMIK-KRITIS
Authors: Setiawan Irma , Susanti Pipit Aprilia , Agusman Agusman
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study is to determine the structure of gender-based violence in Sasak oral texts (BSas). Gender is the social role of an individual or group of individuals as perceived by society in social interactions. BS as an expression of gender has the function of updating roles that are considered appropriate or inappropriate for women and men. The study is based on the latest data from the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) which shows that 60% of gender construction is caused by verbal violence and 40% is caused by physical violence. Therefore, the research questions will focus on: 1) the ideational structure of the text: the text process system and (2) the ideological function of the BSas text. This research theory uses Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) which ideally displays text and context that considers the process, participants, and situations. Then, it is collaborates with the ideological analysis of the text from Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). This study uses a phenomenological approach and qualitative descriptive methods. Data collection uses listening and reflection methods with tapping techniques, including non-participatory listening strategies, speaking and taking notes. Data validation using ideal text tools in the form of diagrams/tables based on processes, participants, and facts. The data format is in the form of conversational text in daily interactions of the Sasak tribe. Data analysis using qualitative methods at the reduction, presentation, and validation stages. The results of the study indicate that the forms of gender-based violence that are constructed are: verbal violence reaches 37%, material violence contributes 19%, behavioral violence contributes 16%, and verbal and psychological gender-based violence. And a model of the formation of gender-based violence is presented. Preventing verbal violence in the TL language community through an ideal text map. The implications of these findings highlight the root causes of gender-based violence, patterns of gender-based violence pathways, and preventive efforts to prevent gender-based violence among TL speakers.
Relevance of Language Learning Evangelism and Education in the Spread of Christianity in Nigeria
Authors: Odey Elizabeth Akpanke , Edor John Edor , Ekpenyong Ekpenyong Obo , Edet Louis Ajom , Asuquo Offiong Offiong , Nwobu Emmanuel Nnadi , Eneji Gabriel Ajor , Bassey Inyang Etim
Published: January 2025

This study explores the significance of language learning evangelism and education in the dissemination of Christianity in Nigeria. With over 500 indigenous languages, Nigeria presents unique linguistic and cultural challenges for evangelism. This paper examines how language proficiency enhances effective communication of Christian teachings, fosters community engagement, and promotes cultural sensitivity. By analyzing existing literature, conducting surveys, and observing evangelistic practices in diverse communities, the research highlights the positive correlation between language learning and the successful spread of Christianity. The aim of this study was to investigate the relevance of language learning education in the spread and growth of Christianity in Nigeria. The sampled group consisted of 540 mainline Christian churches, Pentecostal/Neo-Pentecostal Movement and Christian religious leaders. The methodology adopted in this study is, survey research design. The population of the study consisted of 540 respondents comprising 313 Mainline Christian Church Members, 192 Pentecostal/Neo-Pentecostal Movement Members and 35 Christian Religious Leaders, from which 230 respondents was determined using YARO YAMENT formula and was sampled through stratified random sampling technique. A 30 item questionnaire was used in collecting data constructed, validated and its reliability of 0.84 determined by using CRONBACH alpha formula. The data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions; whereas the null hypothesis was tested with ANOVA. The study found that, language learning education is a necessary requirement for cross cultural evangelism as well as successful penetration of Christianity to all the ethnic groups available in Nigeria and the study found that the 15 factors identified, were relevance of language learning education and has immensely contributed to the growth and spread of Christianity in Nigeria. It was recommended that language is the life of every human group in the universe. Recommendations include integrating language education in evangelistic programs to enhance outreach efforts. More so, there was a positive relationship between the spread and growth of Christianity and language learning education in Nigeria.
Comparative assessment of costs of household trips to healthcare facilities in contiguous riverine regions in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Samuel, Dagogo  , Ogboeli, Goodluck Prince  , Ebere Patience Uwelegbewe
Published: January 2025

Physical access to neighbourhood facilities for utilization depends on distance, time and cost factors in relation to location characteristics. In this study the costs of accessing healthcare facilities in island riverine contiguous regions of Rivers State, Nigeria were considered. The study employed the survey research design following quantitative approach for data collection and analyses. Furthermore, the multistage sampling technique employed and 30% (66) communities of total communities of 223 in the study area was purposively determined. Also sample size of (56,131) households was obtained from total population of 305, 289 of the study area as provided by 1991 National Population Census data by application of Krejcie and Morgan Model (1970) principle and 5 persons average household considered. Finally, the random sampling technique was used in selection of communities for administration of questionnaires in the study area. A total of 382 respondents (household heads) were interviewed including key informants (government agencies and professionals). Other survey tools used were photographs, observations, Stock-watch and Geographic Positioning System (GPS) Speedometer. 328 questionnaires were retrieved from the field and considered valid for analysis with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Hypotheses were tested by the application of the multi regression model. It was found in traveling for healthcare, an aggregate of 21.4% of household members in the region monthly made trips in communities with and without PHC facilities with multi-modal transport systems at varied costs.
Juvenile resistance of zoned in the Russian Federation and promising triticale cultivars to leaf fungal diseases
Authors: Zuev E. V. , Lebedeva T. V. , Tyryshkin L. G.
Published: January 2025

Triticale is a grain crop developed by man as a result of crossing wheat and rye in order to combine the best traits of the parent species in a single organism. Fast introduction of triticale into practice and its wide spread cultivation is prevented by the fact that many commercial cultivars have high potential of productivity while varying in insufficient resistance to lodging and to a number of dangerous diseases. In 2023-2024 there was studied juvenile resistance to four fungal diseases (leaf rust, dark-brown leaf spot blotch, septoria blotch, powdery mildew) in 118 varieties from the register of the Russian Federation and promising triticale cultivars (winter and summer) included to the State Variety Testing over the past 5 years. The seedlings were infected with combined Puccinia triticina population, mixture of Bipolaris sorokiniana, Stagonospora nodorum and Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici isolates collected in North-Western region of the Russian Federation. Disease resistance was evaluated according to the VIR methodology. By the results of one experiment, 93 samples of 118 were evaluated as resistant to powdery mildew. But according to the results of three independent experiments among winter and summer hexaploid triticale only 27 and 12 cultivars, respectively, were characterized by high juvenile resistance to powdery mildew. According to the results of the first experiment 10 samples were included into the class of leaf rust resistant. Only Pakhar winter cultivar was resistant to the disease according to the results of three independent experiments. All the samples of the research were highly susceptible to dark brown leaf spot blotch and septoriosis. Thus, among the triticale cultivars 39 were marked as powdery mildew resistant and 1 – as leaf rust resistant. They are of certain interest for breeding. It was also shown that for selection of reliable sources of resistance the plant material should be studied in not less than three independent experiments.
The influence of agronomic factors on the productivity of emmer wheat in the conditions of the North-West of the Russian Federation
Authors: Shaykova T. V. , Dyatlova M. V. , Kuzmin A. A.
Published: January 2025

The article presents the results of studies on the influence of the main agricultural practices on the productivity, morphological characteristics, removal and balance of mineral nutrition elements of the Pskovityanka emmer wheat cultivar for the development of cultivation technology and subsequent introduction into agricultural production in the region. The studies were conducted in 2019–2023 in the conditions of the Pskov region. The field experiment studied the levels of mineral nutrition (without fertilizers, N60P60K60, N90P90K90, N120P120K120), seeding rates (4, 5 and 6 million viable seeds/ha) and sowing dates (first and second ten days of May). On average, over the years of research, the emmer wheat grain yield was obtained at the level of 2.2 t/ha. The application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N60P60K60 ensured the growth of grain productivity in comparison with the control variant at seeding rates of 5 and 6 million seeds/ha by 0.15 and 0.3 t/ha, respectively. Increasing the fertilizer dose to N90P90K90 contributed to obtaining an increase in the control of 0.33-0.34 t/ha of grain at seeding rates of 6 and 5 million pcs/ha, respectively. Decrease in yield at the norm of 6 million pcs/ha was due to the development of a smaller number of productive stems. The application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N120P120K120 was ineffective, the grain yield was obtained at the level of the variant with N90P90K90. The yield of the emmer wheat straw was from 3.22 to 3.47 t/ha. Analysis of plant samples shows that nitrogen and potassium accumulate in grain to a greater extent, phosphorus to a lesser extent. Emmer wheat straw contains the most potassium, nitrogen has an intermediate value, phosphorus is accumulated the least. On average, over the years of the research it has been established that when cultivating emmer wheat, from 65–72 kg of nitrogen, 27–28 kg of phosphorus, and 82–85 kg of potassium are removed with the yield from 1 ha with the control crop. Only when applying a dose of mineral fertilizers N90P90K90 the need of emmer wheat for nitrogen and potassium is fully covered, the removal of phosphorus with the yield is compensated by smaller doses in the N60P60K60 variant.
Influence of degree of cultivation of sod-podzolic soil on dynamics of content of soil organic carbon
Authors: Shikhova L. N.
Published: January 2025

In 1999–2001 on the fields of the Falenky Breeding Station (Kirov region), the dynamics of the content of soil organic carbon (Corg) and its labile part (Clab) in sod-podzolic arable soil of varying degrees of cultivation were studied. The arable layer of weakly cultivated variant of the soil was characterized by high acidity (pHKCl – 3.88) and low organic carbon content  (Corg – 0.91 %). The well cultivated variant had an acidity close to neutral in the arable horizon (pHKCl – 6.14) and a total carbon content at the average level for sod-podzolic loamy soils of the region (Corg – 1.10 %). Soil samples were taken during the growing season once a month in a sixfold repetition from the arable horizon and in a threefold repetition for horizons A2B and B. It was revealed that during all years of observation in the arable horizon of the soil of the cultivated variant, the Corg content was significantly higher (by 16–76 %). In the underlying horizons of soils of both variants, the carbon content was sharply reduced to 0.2–0.6 %. The content of labile part of organic carbon did not differ by variants and varied from 0.05 to 0.19 % depending on the horizon and observation period. However, in the arable horizon of weakly cultivated soil, the proportion of labile carbon in the composition of total organic carbon was significantly higher, which indicated less stability of the soil organic matter system. The content of both forms of soil organic matter varied significantly over the years and during the growing season. Maximum values of Corg content were noted at the beginning and at the end of the observation season. Minimum values were noted in July. Content of Clab was decreasing from the beginning to the end of the season.
The Three-days Battle of Warsaw 1656 in Russian Sources
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prudovsky Petr
Published: January 2025

The mechanisms of acquiring foreign news in the 17th-century Russia have been studied in general, but there is still lack of local studies on how specific news reached the Moscow government. However, it is the set of specific news that determined the information background of foreign policy decisions. While we are still far away from fully reconstructing this background, it is still possible to study its individual facets. The Battle of Warsaw of 1656, fought between Polish-Lithuanian and Crimean forces on the one side and Swedish and Brandenburg-Prussian armies on the other, being the largest field battle of the Second Northern War, offers a valuable opportunity for a case study on how the Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich and his counselors got news about a major European event. This paper discusses all known reports of the battle that reached the Russian government. Those are reports by diplomats from Poland-Lithuania, Brandenburg and Courland as well as by Lithuanian nobles both sworn to the Tsar and loyal to the Commonwealth, Lithuanian Jews and, of all people, by the Hetman Bogdan Khmelnitsky. We establish the chronology of these reports and trace the origin of their data and their political agenda. Only part of the information available to the Tsar could be cross-checked. Eventually it came down to the following three points (of which the first two were accurate). Firstly, the battle and its participants. Secondly, the outcome. Thirdly, that the main reason for the Polish defeat was the lack of cooperation between the Poles and the Lithuanians. This construct that appears in the reports by several Lithuanian nobles might well be a manifestation of anti-Polish sentiments in the public opinion of a part of Lithuanian nobility. It also represents a “Lithuanian” version of the Battle of Warsaw, as opposed to “Swedish”, “Polish” and “Prussian” versions hitherto studied by historians.
Language Game in in the Texts of Modern Croatian Banking Advertisements for Children
Authors:   University of Zadar, Hadžihalilović Sandra
Published: January 2025

This article analyzes a corpus of Croatian and Russian language banking advertisеments texts, analyzed from the point of view of comparing elements of literary-fictional functional style and language game. Particular attention is paid to advertisements aimed at children and their parents. The purpose of this article is to analyze the language of advertising, the function of language game in it, and to analyze the features of the literary-fictional functional style of the given advertising texts. The relevance of our article is due to the insufficient study of banking advertising language in Croatian and Russian. The article provides a comparative analyze of Russian and Croatian’s advertising texts and the study of their functional features, with special attention to the literary-fictional functional style, as a result of which their similarities and differences are established. In several examples, we find a complex interweaving of literary-artistic and colloquial styles, layering them on top of each other. In addition, the results of the study can be useful in the preparation of various scientific materials devoted to the study of advertising text. Also the results presented in our article will help in long-term research of comparative Linguo-culturology of Russian, Croatian and other Slavic languages and their development based on examples from the commonly used language.
Young Scholars Conference “Slavic World: Community and Diversity”. Moscow, 21–22 May 2024. Section “Literary Studies”
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Grasko Anna
Published: January 2025

The conference was attended by young scholars from Moscow (Russian State University for the Humanities, Russian State University named after A. N. Kosygin, Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences), Kaliningrad (IKBFU named after I. Kant), Nizhny Novgorod (N. I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod) Rostov-on-Don (Southern Federal University). The first session was devoted to examinations of Slavic literatures from the point of view of poetics. Within this framework three reports with a Polish theme were presented – the speakers addressed the works of B. Schulz and the works of the modern Polish author O. Tokarczuk; the focus of two speakers was on the works of the Czech classic socialist realist V. Řežač, as well as the modern poet R. Mały; one report was devoted to the Serbian poet J. Dučić. The second session included presentations on literary and cultural issues. Such topics as the formation and use of the Russian-Bulgarian parallel corpus of texts, allusions to the works of B. Okudzhava in the novel of the Serbian writer V. Ognenović, a comparative and contrastive analysis of the theme of death in the works of B. Milkovich and F. K. Sologub, the theme of tea in Czech travelogues about the USSR in the 1920s, the reflection of Soviet cinema of the 1920s–30s in the journalism of the Czech writer J. Weil. The subsections were moderated by employees of the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, specialists in Slavic literatures. Meeting participants and moderators actively engaged in scholarly dialogue, identified problematic issues, and outlined further prospects for research. In addition to the speakers who take part in the conference every year, new participants joined the conference this year, which indicates the continuing relevance of this regularly held scientific event.
Young Scholars Conference“Slavic World: Community and Diversity”. Moscow, 21–22 May 2024. Section “Linguistics”
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bereznev Vladislav
Published: January 2025

This year, young scholars from Moscow, St. Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Kaliningrad, Verona (Italy), Regensburg (Germany) took part in the work of the Linguistics section. Presentations on current issues of Slavic linguistics were divided into six thematic blocks. The first block was devoted to the study of the language of Slavic literature; the presentations touched upon issues of lexicology (in particular, lexical borrowings) and translation studies. The second session was devoted to the problems of grammar of modern Slavic languages. In the presentations, an attempt was made to compare the single mode of verbal action in Croatian and Russian, the issue of using the target infinitive in a simple sentence in modern Serbian was raised, the eventual possibility of counting indefinite pronouns was assessed, and the verbs of visual perception in the Serbian and Russian languages were compared. The third subsection addressed issues of Slavic dialectology and linguopragmatics: it was about full and short forms of personal pronouns in Slovenian dialects, contextual realizations of Czech and Slovak proverbs on the Internet, difficulties in translating varieties of the Russian language into other languages, and an overview of one Ukrainian dialect of the Voronezh region was presented. The fourth session was devoted to the problems of Slavic phraseology and onomastics. And the fifth thematic block included presentations on verbal and non-verbal communication. The conference was concluded with a subsection dedicated to the interaction of Slavic languages and cultures. The presentations covered the problems of socio- and ethnolinguistics. Discussion of the reports took place during the work of the sections and during breaks. The conference is impressive both in the large number of young scholars who take part in it every year and in the constantly growing number of new researchers not only from our country but also from abroad. All this testifies to the importance and significance of holding this scientific event.
NEUTRALITY: AN ASPECT OF THE UN CHARTER
Authors: Chandra Simran
Published: January 2025

“Any achievement cannot be higher than working cooperatively with other countries to maintain peace and stability and remove the burden of war from our shoulders.”Just after World War II, an international body known as the “United Nations (UN)” was established in 1945. Its principal objectives are to protect human rights, social progress, higher living standards, and greater freedom on a global scale. Since the UN has become more involved in humanitarian relief and peacekeeping, neutrality has been scrutinized. This paper examines the idea of neutrality and how it relates to the UN. It looks at the chances and problems when the organization tries to keep its ideals while simultaneously addressing the intricate reality of world politics.
Stop Splitting Hairs: The Problems with Dichotomizing Continuous Data in Language Research
Authors: Hemelstrand Shawn , Inoue Tomohiro
Published: January 2025

It is common in the language sciences to dichotomize continuous data in order to fit this data to statistical tests. However, several statisticians and methodologists have warned against this practice for years. Many in the language sciences seem unaware of this problem. Because of the lack of modern, robust, and open data simulations related to this issue in the language science literature, our paper provides an empirical investigation of this practice. Across six different simulations, our analysis shows that dichotomization almost universally increases the standard errors, and consequently leads to inaccuracy of tests of statistical significance. Furthermore, effect sizes like are often diminished by the reduction of available information in the data. Our paper concludes by providing suggestions and considerations for future empirical studies.