bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of cost-effectiveness of single-credit traffic safety course based on Kirkpatrick model: a case study of Iran
Authors: Golestani Mina , Sadeghi-bazargani Homayoun , Harzand-Jadidi Sepideh , Soori Hamid
Published: February 2024

Background

Training plays a role in reducing traffic accidents, and evaluating the effectiveness of training programs in managers’ decision-making for training continuation is important. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a single-credit traffic safety course based on the four levels of the Kirkpatrick model in all Iranian universities.

Methods

This interventional study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a single-credit traffic safety course based on the Kirkpatrick model from 2016 to 2020 in Iran. The data were collected in three stages: (1) calculating the costs of offering traffic safety courses, (2) determining the effectiveness of providing such courses based on the levels of the Kirkpatrick model, and (3) evaluating the cost-effectiveness of administering traffic safety courses. Data were collected through researcher-made and standardized questionnaires. The research population included traffic safety course instructors and university students who could take this course. Finally, the data were analyzed with SPSS v. 23 and also calculations related to ICER, which shows the cost effectiveness of providing single credit course.

Results

Scores of the students’ reaction level to the traffic safety course was 41.8% before the course; this score was estimated at 67% after the course. At the level of learning, students’ knowledge was 43.6% before the training course, which reached 73% after the course. At the level of behavior, the state of students’ desirable traffic behaviors was 54% before the course, which reached 66.1% after the course. The educational effectiveness of the course presentation at the level of results was 58.2% before and 74.8% after the course. While assuming that the weights of all model levels were constant, the cost of a 1% increase in the overall educational effectiveness by using the Kirkpatrick model, compared to not providing the course (not administering the intervention) was 486.46 USD.

Conclusion

The results showcased the effectiveness of the traffic safety course in all four levels of The Kirkpatrick model. Therefore, policy-makers and officials in charge of delivering this program should strengthen it and resolve its deficiencies to realize all its educational goals at the highest level.
Antimicrobial resistance survey and whole-genome analysis of nosocomial P. Aeruginosa isolated from eastern Province of China in 2016–2021
Authors: Hu Zimeng , Zhou Lu , Tao Xingyu , Li Pei , Zheng Xiangkuan , Zhang Wei , Tan Zhongming
Published: February 2024

Background

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major Gram-negative pathogen that can exacerbate lung infections in the patients with cystic fibrosis, which can ultimately lead to death.

Methods

From 2016 to 2021, 103 strains of P. aeruginosa were isolated from hospitals and 20 antibiotics were used for antimicrobial susceptibility determination. Using next-generation genome sequencing technology, these strains were sequenced and analyzed in terms of serotypes, ST types, and resistance genes for epidemiological investigation.

Results

The age distribution of patients ranged from 10 days to 94 years with a median age of 69 years old. The strains were mainly isolated from sputum (72 strains, 69.9%) and blood (14 strains, 13.6%). The size of these genomes ranged from 6.2 Mb to 7.4 Mb, with a mean value of 6.5 Mb. In addition to eight antibiotics that show inherent resistance to P. aeruginosa, the sensitivity rates for colistin, amikacin, gentamicin, ceftazidime, piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, ciprofloxacin, meropenem, aztreonam, imipenem, cefepime and levofloxacin were 100%, 95.15%, 86.41%, 72.82%, 71.84%, 69.90%, 55.34%, 52.43%, 50.49%, 50.49%, 49.51% and 47.57% respectively, and the carriage rate of MDR strains was 30.69% (31/101). Whole-genome analysis showed that a total of 50 ST types were identified, with ST244 (5/103) and ST1076 (4/103) having a more pronounced distribution advantage. Serotype predictions showed that O6 accounted for 29.13% (30/103), O11 for 23.30% (24/103), O2 for 18.45% (19/103), and O1 for 11.65% (12/103) of the highest proportions. Notably, we found a significantly higher proportion of ExoU in P. aeruginosa strains of serotype O11 than in other cytotoxic exoenzyme positive strains. In addition to this, a total of 47 crpP genes that mediate resistance to fluoroquinolones antibiotics were found distributed on 43 P. aeruginosa strains, and 10 new variants of CrpP were identified, named 1.33, 1.34, 1.35, 1.36, 1.37, 1.38, 1.39, 1.40, 1.41 and 7.1.

Conclusions

We investigated the antibiotic susceptibility of clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa and genomically enriched the diversity of P. aeruginosa for its prophylactic and therapeutic value.
Emotional labor and burnout among nurses in Iran: core self-evaluations as mediator and moderator
Authors: Saei Elham , Sarshar Soheil , Lee Raymond T.
Published: February 2024

Background

This study investigated the mediating and moderating impact of core self-evaluations in the path from emotional labor to burnout. Our hypothesized associations are based on Hobfoll (Rev Gen Psychol 6:307–24, 2002) conservation of resources theory.

Method

Three hundred nurses from four hospitals in Abadan, Iran, were invited to participate in our study. Of the 300, 255 completed all sections and questions in our survey for an 85% response rate. The posited direct and indirect effects were evaluated with structural equation modeling and the interaction effects were evaluated with hierarchical moderated regression and simple regression slope plots.

Result

Deep acting has indirect effects on burnout through core self-evaluations. Though unrelated to surface acting, core self-evaluations moderate its impact: under low core self-evaluations, surface acting is strongly related to emotional exhaustion and inversely related to personal accomplishment, whereas, under high core self-evaluations, surface acting is unrelated to these burnout dimensions.

Conclusion

Our findings reveal the dual functions of CSE as a psychological resource and buffer to offset the interpersonal demands of patient care. Limitations, directions for future research, and practical implications are discussed.
The paradox of pandemic mitigation? Moderating role of pandemic severity on the impact of social distancing policies: a cultural value perspective
Authors: Ma Xingyang , Chen Bing , Zhao Yufang
Published: February 2024

Background

Social distancing policies were of utmost importance during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. These policies aimed to mitigate the severity of local outbreaks by altering public behavior. However, if the severity of the pandemic reduces, the impact of these policies on actual behavior may decrease. This study aims to examine, from a global perspective, whether the impact of social distancing policies on actual mobility is moderated by local pandemic severity and whether this moderating effect varies across cultural value contexts.

Methods

We combined multiple publicly available global datasets for structural equation model analysis. 17,513 rows of data from 57 countries included in all databases were analyzed. Multilevel moderated moderation models were constructed to test the hypotheses.

Results

More stringent policies in a region mean less regional mobility (β = -0.572, p < 0.001). However, the severity of local outbreaks negatively moderated this effect (β = -0.114, p < 0.001). When the pandemic was not severe, the influence of policy intensity on mobility weakened. Furthermore, based on Schwartz’s cultural values theory, cultural values of autonomy (β = -0.109, p = 0.011), and egalitarianism (β = -0.108, p = 0.019) reinforced the moderating effect of pandemic severity. On the other hand, cultural values of embeddedness (β = 0.119, p = 0.006) and hierarchy (β = 0.096, p = 0.029) attenuated the moderating effect.

Conclusions

Social distancing policies aim to reduce the severity of local pandemics; however, the findings reveal that mitigating local pandemics may reduce their impact. Future policymakers should be alert to this phenomenon and introduce appropriate incentives to respond. The results also show that the moderating role of pandemic severity varies across cultures. When policies are promoted to deal with global crises, policymakers must seriously consider the resistance and potential incentives of cultural values.
Mental health integrated care models in primary care and factors that contribute to their effective implementation: a scoping review
Authors: Isaacs Anton N. , Mitchell Eleanor K. L.
Published: February 2024

Background

In the state of Victoria, Australia, the 111-day lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the population’s prevailing state of poor mental health. Of the 87% of Australians who visit their GP annually, 71% of health problems they discussed related to psychological issues. This review had two objectives: (1) To describe models of mental health integrated care within primary care settings that demonstrated improved mental health outcomes that were transferable to Australian settings, and (2) To outline the factors that contributed to the effective implementation of these models into routine practice.

Methods

A scoping review was undertaken to synthesise the evidence in order to inform practice, policymaking, and research. Data were obtained from PubMed, CINAHL and APA PsycINFO.

Results

Key elements of effective mental health integrated care models in primary care are: Co-location of mental health and substance abuse services in the primary care setting, presence of licensed mental health clinicians, a case management approach to patient care, ongoing depression monitoring for up to 24 months and other miscellaneous elements. Key factors that contributed to the effective implementation of mental health integrated care in routine practice are the willingness to accept and promote system change, integrated physical and mental clinical records, the presence of a care manager, adequate staff training, a healthy organisational culture, regular supervision and support, a standardised workflow plan and care pathways that included clear role boundaries and the use of outcome measures. The need to develop sustainable funding mechanisms has also been emphasized.

Conclusion

Integrated mental health care models typically have a co-located mental health clinician who works closely with the GP and the rest of the primary care team. Implementing mental health integrated care models in Australia requires a ‘whole of system’ change. Lessons learned from the Mental Health Nurse Incentive Program could form the foundation on which this model is implemented in Australia.
NOD1 deficiency ameliorates the progression of diabetic retinopathy by modulating bone marrow–retina crosstalk
Authors: Qiu Jingwen , Wu Jing , Chen Wenwen , Ruan Yu , Mao Jingning , Li Shue , Tang Xuan , Zhao Lei , Li Shengbing , Li Ke , Liu Dongfang , Duan Yaqian
Published: February 2024

Background

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1) plays a pivotal role in inducing metabolic inflammation in diabetes. Additionally, the NOD1 ligand disrupts the equilibrium of bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, a process that has immense significance in the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). We hypothesized that NOD1 depletion impedes the advancement of DR by resolving bone marrow dysfunction.

Methods

We generated NOD1−/−-Akita double-mutant mice and chimeric mice with hematopoietic-specific NOD1 depletion to study the role of NOD1 in the bone marrow–retina axis.

Results

Elevated circulating NOD1 activators were observed in Akita mice after 6 months of diabetes. NOD1 depletion partially restored diabetes-induced structural changes and retinal electrical responses in NOD1−/−-Akita mice. Loss of NOD1 significantly ameliorated the progression of diabetic retinal vascular degeneration, as determined by acellular capillary quantification. The preventive effect of NOD1 depletion on DR is linked to bone marrow phenotype alterations, including a restored HSC pool and a shift in hematopoiesis toward myelopoiesis. We also generated chimeric mice with hematopoietic-specific NOD1 ablation, and the results further indicated that NOD1 had a protective effect against DR. Mechanistically, loss of hematopoietic NOD1 resulted in reduced bone marrow-derived macrophage infiltration and decreased CXCL1 and CXCL2 secretion within the retina, subsequently leading to diminished neutrophil chemoattraction and NETosis.

Conclusions

The results of our study unveil, for the first time, the critical role of NOD1 as a trigger for a hematopoietic imbalance toward myelopoiesis and local retinal inflammation, culminating in DR progression. Targeting NOD1 in bone marrow may be a potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of DR.
Evaluation of AI tools for healthcare networks at the cloud-edge interaction to diagnose autism in educational environments
Authors: Pan Yue , Foroughi Andia
Published: February 2024

Physical, social, and routine environments can be challenging for learners with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD is a developmental disorder caused by neurological problems. In schools and educational environments, this disorder may not only hinder a child’s learning, but also lead to more crises and mental convulsions. In order to teach students with ASD, it is essential to understand the impact of their learning environment on their interaction and behavior. Different methods have been used to diagnose ASD in the past, each with their own strengths and weaknesses. Research into ASD diagnostics has largely focused on machine learning algorithms and strategies rather than diagnostic methods. This article discusses many diagnostic techniques used in the ASD literature, such as neuroimaging, speech recordings, facial features, and EEG signals. This has led us to conclude that in schools and educational settings, autism can be diagnosed cheaply, quickly, and accurately through face analysis. To facilitate and speed up the processing of facial information among children in educational settings, we applied the AlexNet architecture designed for edge computing. A fast method for detecting autism spectrum disorders from the face can be applied to educational settings using this structure. While we have investigated a variety of methods, the face can provide us with appropriate information about the disorder. In addition, it can produce more interpretive features. In order to help students in schools who are suffering from this disease, key factors must be considered: potential clinical and therapeutic situations, efficiency, predictability, privacy protection, accuracy, cost-effectiveness, and lack of methodological intervention. The diseases are troublesome, so they should be identified and treated.
Hedonic hunger, food addiction, and night eating syndrome triangle in adolescents and ıts relationship with body mass ındex
Authors: Yassıbaş Emine , Bölükbaşı Hatice , Turan İrem Efran , Demirel Ayşe Mine , Gürler Eray
Published: February 2024

Background

The relationship between adolescent obesity and eating disorders is an issue that needs urgent attention. Screening for eating disorders is as important as dietary interventions to treat obesity. This study aimed to determine the relationship between hedonic hunger, food addiction, and night eating syndrome, which are considered potential risk factors for obesity, and body mass index (BMI) in adolescents.

Methods

The data were collected through an online questionnaire. The “Power of Food Scale (PFS)” was used to assess hedonic hunger; the “Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children 2.0 (dYFAS-C 2.0)” was used to assess food addiction; and the “Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ)” was used to assess night eating syndrome (NES)”. BMI was calculated using self-reported height and weight values of adolescents. The mediated structural model analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of hedonic hunger on BMI z score via food addiction and NES.

Results

The study was conducted with 614 voluntary adolescents aged between 11 and 18 years. The dYFAS-C 2.0 and NEQ scores were found to be higher in adolescents with overweight and obesity, and the BMI z-score of the adolescents had significant positive correlation with their PFS scores (p < .001). Hedonic hunger has no direct effect on BMI independent of food addiction and NES (β = − 0.051, p = .468), but when the total indirect effect is evaluated with the bootstrap analysis, it was found that one-unit increase in hedonic hunger score increases BMI z-score by approximately 0.22 units (β = 0.223, SE = 0.046, 95% CI 0.131–0.313). Hedonic hunger, food addiction, and NES together explained 5.2% of the total variance in BMI z score.

Conclusion

This study showed that hedonic hunger significantly predicted BMI z-score in adolescents through food addiction and NES. This emphasizes the critical importance of evaluating adolescents in terms of hedonic hunger, food addiction, and NES in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of obesity.
New understandings meet old treatments: putting a contemporary face on established protocols
Authors: Byrne Susan M. , Fursland Anthea
Published: February 2024

In the twenty years since the publication of the most widely used treatment manuals describing evidence-based therapies for eating disorders, there have been some substantial advances in the field. New methods of delivering treatments have been trialled and our perception of mental health has advanced; significant cultural changes have led to shifts in our societal landscape; and new technologies have allowed for more in-depth research to be conducted. As a result, our understanding of eating disorders and their treatment has broadened considerably. However, these new insights have not necessarily been translated into improved clinical practice. This paper highlights the changes we consider to have had the greatest impact on our work as experienced clinical psychologists in the field and suggests a list of new learnings that might be incorporated into clinical practice and research design.
Mental Disorders Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Cancer: A Canadian Population–Based and Sibling Cohort Study
Authors: Oberoi Sapna , Garland Allan , Yan Adam P. , Lambert Pascal , Xue Lin , Decker Kathleen , Israels Sara J. , Banerji Shantanu , Bolton James M. , Deleemans Julie M. , Garand-Sheridan Bronwen , Louis Deepak , Lix Lisa M. , Mahar Alyson L.
Published: February 2024

PURPOSE

To compare the cumulative incidence of mental disorders among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) diagnosed with cancer with the general population and their unaffected siblings.

METHODS

A retrospective, population-based, matched cohort design was used to investigate the impact of cancer diagnosis on mental disorders among individuals age 15-39 diagnosed between 1989 and 2019. Two cancer-free cohorts were identified: matched population-based and sibling cohorts. Outcomes included incidence of mood and anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, suicide outcomes, psychotic disorders, and any of the preceding four categories within 5 years of cancer diagnosis. Competing risk regression was used to estimate adjusted subhazard ratios (aSHR) and 95% CIs.

RESULTS

Among 3,818 AYAs with cancer matched to the population-based cancer-free cohort, individuals with cancer were more likely to be diagnosed with incident mental disorders than those without cancer; the risk was highest immediately after a cancer diagnosis and decreased over time with aSHR [95% CI] for mood and anxiety disorders at 0-6 months (11.27 [95% CI, 6.69 to 18.97]), 6-12 months (2.35 [95% CI, 1.54 to 3.58]), and 12-24 months (2.06 [95% CI, 1.55 to 2.75]); for substance use disorders at 0-6 months (2.73 [95% CI, 1.90 to 3.92]); for psychotic disorders at 0-6 months (4.69 [95% CI, 2.07 to 10.65]); and for any mental disorder at 0-6 months (4.46 [95% CI, 3.41 to 5.85]), 6-12 months (1.56 [95% CI, 1.14 to 2.14]), and 12-24 months (1.7 [95% CI, 1.36 to 2.13]) postcancer diagnosis. In sibling comparison, cancer diagnosis was associated with a higher incidence of mood and anxiety and any mental disorder during first 6 months of cancer diagnosis.

CONCLUSION

AYAs with cancer experience a greater incidence of mental disorders after cancer diagnosis relative to population-based and sibling cohorts without cancer, primarily within first 2 years, underscoring the need to address mental health concerns during this period.
‘Jumping’ attack strikes by the predatory marine snail Agaronia propatula (Caenogastropoda: Olividae)
Authors: Dattilo Benjamin F. , Peters Winfried Stefan
Published: February 2024

The gastropod Agaronia propatula (Olividae) forages on the sandy beach intertidal of the central American Pacific coast. Agaronia resembles subtidal Oliva spp. morphologically and behaviourally. While both genera seize prey by rapid movements of the anterior foot, Agaronia sometimes performs ‘jumping’ attack strikes, bouncing onto its prey from above. During such strikes, the foot folds lengthwise, probably facilitating mechanical control of the erect body posture. We hypothesize that Agaronia’s behaviour may represent an adaptation to foraging on emerged tidal plains, where the medium (air) offers less mechanical resistance to rapid movements than the seawater in which subtidal Oliva species hunt.
Węgielnym szlakiem pod opieką Skarbka – analiza strukturalna górniczych górnośląskich legend
Authors: Stępień Patryk
Published: February 2024

Legendy jako pewien zasób kulturowy mogą zawierać informacje o wybranej grupie społecznej dotyczące jej funkcjonowania. W trakcie analizy treści i struktury mogą występować elementy imaginarium społecznego dotyczące aspektów własnego pochodzenia, tożsamości, struktury normatywnej, relacji z innymi. Z uwagi na to legendy mogą być interesującym źródłem wiedzy dla nauczycieli zajmujących się edukacją regionalną oraz międzykulturową, ponieważ przedstawiają to, co głęboko zakorzenione w społeczeństwie.W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono wyniki analizy strukturalnej górniczych legend górnośląskich, której celem jest wydobycie komponentów wspólnych pojawiających się w treści czterech różnych legend zawierających postać Skarbka. Zakłada się, że postacie występujące w legendach wzorowano na pewnym wzorze cech, który przypuszczalnie może oddawać aprobowanyarchetyp wzorowego mieszkańca Górnego Śląska. Do przeprowadzenia analizy wykorzystano metodę analizy strukturalnej zgodnie z myślą Claude’a Lévi-Straussa. Na podstawie wyników analizy podjęto próbę opisania aprobowanych cech charakteru archetypu Górnoślązaka oraz zidentyfikowano opozycyjne do nich, nieakceptowalne cechy. Legendy są niezwykle cennym źródłem wiedzy dotyczącej regionalizmu. W myśl edukacji międzykulturowej, odnoszącej się do poznawania tego, co własne, aby zrozumieć to, co inne, legendy mogą zawierać cenne wskazówki do poszukiwania i opracowywania matryc kompetencyjnych, charakterologicznych i innych związanych z kulturąregionalną.
Doświadczenia kynoterapii zdalnej w perspektywie osób prowadzących zajęcia. Studium przypadku
Authors: Stek-Łopatka Natalia
Published: February 2024

Pojawienie się wirusa SARS-CoV-2 zmusiło ludzi do przeniesienia wielu aspektów życia do Internetu. Jednym z nich była edukacja, która do tej pory – poza nielicznymi wyjątkami – niewiele miała wspólnego z technologiami. Na mocy Rozporządzenia Ministra Edukacji Narodowej z dnia 11 marca 2020 r. w sprawie czasowego ograniczenia funkcjonowania jednostek systemu oświatyw związku z zapobieganiem, przeciwdziałaniem i zwalczaniem COVID-19 przekształcona została nie tylko forma zajęć ogólnokształcących czy zawodowych, ale również tych o charakterze terapeutycznym, w tym kynoterapii. Brak dotychczasowych badań w zakresie kynoterapii prowadzonej w sposób zdalny przyczynił się do podjęcia tej problematyki w ramach niniejszego artykułu.Główne pytanie badawcze przybrało następującą formę: Jakie są doświadczenia badanych osób w prowadzeniu kynoterapii na odległość w czasie pierwszej fali pandemii w Polsce? Badanie przeprowadzone zostało w ramach studium przypadku z wykorzystaniem wywiadu indywidualnego, częściowo kierowanego, skoncentrowanego na problemie. Wyniki pokazały m.in., że kynoterapia realizowana w formie zdalnej była szansą na zapewnienie podopiecznym powrotu do codziennej rutyny, wsparcia emocjonalnego i zwiększenia świadomości na temat zajęć wśród rodziców i opiekunów, a jej perspektywy na przyszłość są niejednoznaczne.
Elements of care, part 2: maintaining a safe environment
Authors: Peate Ian
Published: February 2024

Maintaining a safe environment is one of the 12 activities of living identified in the Roper-Logan-Tierney model (2000) . Maintaining a safe environment is a basic survival skill, which involves managing our own safety and adapting our physical and intellectual abilities to manage risk.

This article focuses on the activity of maintaining a safe environment in health and illness for the duration of a person's lifespan. The person's dependence and independence in the activity are discussed, along with factors influencing the activity.

Understanding hazards in the care setting and how to promote patient safety effectively are key attributes of a safe and effective care provision.
Use of simple lymphatic drainage on truncal lymphoedema for a patient with diabetes and peripheral arterial disease
Authors: Yates Jennifer
Published: February 2024

Lymphoedema is the gradual, abnormal build-up of lymph fluid in the tissues resulting from a failure of the lymphatic system. The swelling impedes movement and is painful. Compression garments are contraindicated and not tolerated by patients with extensive peripheral arterial disease. In this case study, simple lymphatic drainage was therefore considered a safer treatment option to reduce oedema and to encourage proactive self-management for a patient with bilateral amputations, diabetes and peripheral arterial disease.
Loneliness and the COVID-19 pandemic: implications for practice
Authors: Makey Laura Michelle , Lewis Robin , Ashmore Russell , Wigfield Andrea
Published: February 2024

Loneliness is a complex universal human experience. A variety of evidence indicates that prolonged loneliness can have a negative effect on an individual's long-term physical and psychological outcomes. Empirical evidence and systematic reviews show strong links between loneliness and ill health, particularly cardiovascular disease and mental health. Loneliness is increasing in frequency and severity. The issue of loneliness has been part of UK Government mandates since 2018; however, evidence suggests that, due to the pandemic, the need to focus on the issue may be even more significant. Assessing for loneliness can be challenging and many people do not want to report their feelings of loneliness. Interventions should aim to be preventive and help people create meaningful interactions. Useful interventions include person-centred interventions, cognitive therapy and group intervention therapy. There is a need for more evidence-based loneliness interventions. A knowledge of local and voluntary sectors is vital so health professionals can effectively support their patients.
In-hospital end-of-life care: an appreciative analysis of bereaved family feedback
Authors: Walker Wendy , Jones Jennifer , Astley Melanie
Published: February 2024

Experience feedback data is increasingly recognised as being helpful in improving healthcare services, and in meeting patient and family needs. This end-of-life care project, based on the principles of appreciative inquiry, sought to learn from the experiences of bereaved people whose relative had died in an acute hospital setting. Informal feedback, offered during a routine telephone call, was thematically analysed and interpreted in an appreciative manner. Confirmatory representations of caring practices and behaviours were identified, categorised and disseminated in a way that enabled staff to come to know and understand end-of-life care at its best, rather than as a set of problematised events. The findings served as a benchmark for individuals and teams to assess and progress their practice reflectively. The authors conclude that staff receptiveness to informal bereaved family feedback may be enhanced by focusing on the positive qualities of end-of-life care within existing practices.
‘Put your tears away’: Supporting children with their feelings and emotions
Authors: Jewson Becky Poulter , Skinner Rebecca
Published: February 2024

In this second article in a series about the links between children's behaviour and their communication skills, Becky Poulter Jewson, director of early years at Thriving Language, and Rebecca Skinner, Speech and Language therapist at Thriving Language, discuss the importance of educators validating a child's feelings and achieving quality interactions with them.
Teaching life lessons: Providing the building blocks for change
Authors: Pandor Abeda
Published: February 2024

We caught up with Abeda Pandor, early years teacher at Broussa Day Nursery & Nursery School to find out more about the Think Equal programme her school is involved in. This aims to provide support for the emotional and social development and wellbeing of children aged three to six, and so prevent harmful behaviours in later life.
Reading with Powhatan Ancestral Remains in Robert Beverley's The History and Present State of Virginia
Authors: Takahata Kimberly
Published: February 2024

Abstract: This essay presents Robert Beverley's 1705 The History and Present State of Virginia as a case study of the role Indigenous ancestral remains serve for both colonial attempts at control and as teachers for current anticolonial scholarly approaches. Analyzing his depiction of Powhatan ancestral remains, this piece first argues that Beverley presents Powhatan ancestors as solely bones, that is, as transferable and general "objects" that serve as a synecdoche for removed Indigenous populations at large. However, despite Beverley's brief and abstracting descriptions, I argue that these moments continue to register the prolonged attention and ongoing care that Powhatan relations undertake for their ancestors, underscoring the presence of what I call testimonies of remaining care. These testimonies, I argue, break apart settler erasures by attesting to the kinship that always continues to surround Powhatan ancestors. Reframing texts like Beverley's as narratives that depend on Indigenous life rather than death, this article demonstrates how ancestral relations testify to the structural grounding of Indigenous communities and care work to narratives that seek to obscure them.
The impact of topography and rotation in shaping the basin-scale circulation in Lough Corrib, Ireland, under homogenous conditions
Authors: Cannaby Heather , White Martin
Published: February 2024

Abstract: The impact of the Earth's rotation on circulation patterns in homogenous basins has been well studied using numerical models. This contribution addresses the need for supporting observational studies. Bottom mounted acoustic doppler current (ADCP) velocity profiles are analysed alongside drifter tracks and numerical solutions in order to demonstrate how rotation modifies circulation patterns and horizontal velocity profiles in Lough Corrib, Ireland. The wind driven circulation in Lough Corrib forms a system of topographic gyres, shaped by the complex bathymetry of the basin. Surface and benthic frictional boundary layers are demonstrated to be closely described by classical Ekman theory, despite the system being constrained by shallow water depths (mean depth = 8.4m) and small horizontal dimensions (∼10km). Observed velocity profiles can be derived theoretically by summing the two driving forces of the flow (the barotropic pressure gradient force and the surface wind stress force) and their opposing forces (internal friction and Coriolis acceleration). Rotation introduces a significant cross-wind component to the flow, which is thus described as being quasi-geostrophic. The barotropic pressure gradient force is empirically quantified as a function of wind stress by relating surface set-up to the surface water shear velocity. The vertical eddy viscosity profile, derived from ADCP data, increases approximately linearly with increasing depth and is largest at the upper interface of the benthic boundary layer.
The distribution and engineering properties of interglacial deposits in Cork city and harbour
Authors: Curtis Stephen , Long Michael
Published: February 2024

Abstract: A reassessment of existing data and additional testing on sediment core samples from one site was used to study the extent, nature, composition and engineering properties of the Quaternary interglacial deposits in an area of Cork city and harbour where many future developments are planned. A clear link is apparent between rockhead elevation and the presence of the interglacial deposits. Well-defined pockets of the deposit were proven. These are found mostly on the southern side of the Cork buried valley axis and increase in thickness to the north. The base of the interglacial deposits appears to mirror that of the rock-head and the western extent of the former coincides with a steep drop off in the latter. Much of the deposit encountered in commercial investigations is a thick relatively uniform silt/clay consistent with that described in previous studies. The sediment is predominantly silt sized, but its behaviour and engineering properties are consistent with those of a stiff clay. Sample disturbance effects were found to be significant and these likely result in an underestimation of the preconsolidation stress and the undrained shear strength of the material. Future work would benefit from the use of in-situ site investigation and geophysical techniques.
Raven Evades the Anthropocene: Whiteness, Indigeneity, and Environmental Disaster
Authors: Allen Aandax̱joon Sabena
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Despite its desire for a planetary scale, the framework of the Anthropocene fails to account for non-Western epistemologies, including those of Indigenous peoples. Whiteness is thus a pervasive framework in discussions of the Anthropocene. While Indigenous knowledge is sometimes extracted to benefit White futures, these futures have no place for actual Indigenous peoples. Similarly, the Anthropocene insists on a human-centered approach that leaves no room for other-than-human beings and relationality with them. Despite its desire to implicate and represent all of humanity, the Anthropocene perpetuates these problematic approaches and ultimately takes Whiteness as its representation of universal humanity. Many Western conceptions of apocalypse, like the Anthropocene, stem from Christianity. Such beliefs also shape cultural responses to disasters as portrayed in more recent popular literature and media. Indigenous oral history begets entirely different responses to catastrophe. This article specifically explores Lingít (Tlingit) Raven stories and their ability to undermine Anthropocene logics. These stories are not a response to such thinking, but they do illustrate long-standing Lingít means of dealing with catastrophe that are still valuable today. As such, the article argues that Indigenous stories exceed Anthropocene thinking and represent an entirely different, and ultimately more generative, framework for considering climate change.
From the River to the Soul: Connections between From the River's Edge and Daughters of the Stone
Authors: Santiago Díaz Madyanis
Published: February 2024

Abstract: This reflective essay reveals the parallel experiences in the selected literary works of imposed colonial history and ancestral wounds borne over generations. Along with this is the sense of injustice committed by whites and the impact that injustice dictated as permitted in the name of the "God's chosen" settlers. Thus, the connections between the ancestors of African people in the Caribbean and Native Americans are intriguing and should be explored. Puerto Rican author Dahlma Llanos-Figueroa's work in Daughters of the Stone ties in harmoniously with Elizabeth Cook-Lynn's From the River's Edge and the struggles and the war that the characters go through against the ridicule and cruelty of the white colonizers or masters. This is done through a respectful journey of self-discovery and healing from the past.
The Responsibilities and Possibilities of Elizabeth Cook-Lynn
Authors: DeBoer Hannah
Published: February 2024

Abstract: In this short essay I utilize the work of Elizabeth Cook-Lynn's In Defense of Loose Translations: An Indian Life in an Academic World and her understanding of anger as a framework for the responsibility of individuals within academic institutions. I reflect upon the remembrance of Cook-Lynn and, in the framework of responsibility, the possibilities it presents.
Transgenerational Locusts: Writing as Aesthetic Refusal
Authors: Fremland Jessica
Published: February 2024

Abstract: This submission merges poetry with reflection to discuss the political and stylistic influence Elizabeth Cook-Lynn has had on the author's research and writing. Through an engagement with Cook-Lynn's publications and her papers donated to South Dakota State University's Archive and Special Collections, the author discusses Cook-Lynn's impact on academia and the ways her writing can facilitate support for Native students as they navigate the violence of academic spaces.
Professor Elizabeth Cook-Lynn: Reflections on a Dear Friend and Mentor
Authors: Hernandez Sarah
Published: February 2024

Abstract: In this essay, Sarah Hernandez reflects on her friendship with Dakota writer and scholar Elizabeth Cook-Lynn. Cook-Lynn, the author of fourteen Native American studies books and numerous articles, has mentored countless Native students over her long career. This personal reflection provides insight into Cook-Lynn's teaching methods and impact.
Fighting against the Colonial Snake in the Academic World of America
Authors: Istiak Ashik
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Dakota writer Elizabeth Cook-Lynn's memoir In Defense of Loose Translations: An Indian Life in an Academic World is an excellent source for those who are fairly new to Native/Indigenous studies and are enthusiastic to understand the basic concerns of Indigenous scholarship. American historiography demonstrates "a process of collective memory erasure" that denies the presence of the Native Nations. In her memoir, Cook-Lynn vehemently criticizes the colonial supremacy of American literary traditions that misrepresent Indigenous history, politics, and cultures as forms of ethnic cleansing, denials, and refusals of Indigenous claims to lands and territories.
Energy scaling of a narrowband, periodically poled LiNbO3, nanosecond, nonresonant optical parametric oscillator
Authors: Temel Tugba , Murray Robert T. , Wang Li , Chen Weidong , Schirrmacher André , Divliansky Ivan B. , Mhibik Oussama , Glebov Leonid B. , Petrov Valentin
Published: February 2024

We demonstrate that 3-mm-thick, periodically poled LiNbO3 enables energy scaling of a
nonresonant optical parametric oscillator operated in the narrowband
mode with a volume Bragg grating at the signal wavelength. Utilizing
the full available pump power at 1064 nm, we obtained maximum
average powers of 2.25 and 2.08 W for the signal
(1.922 µm) and idler (2.383 µm) pulses at 10 kHz,
at a total conversion efficiency of 32.8%, which represents a fourfold
increase in terms of peak powers over our previous work. The signal
and idler spectral linewidths were ∼1nm, with pulse lengths of ∼6ns and an idler beam propagation factor
of ∼5.
Dual modality intravascular catheter system combining pulse-sampling fluorescence lifetime imaging and polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography
Authors: Bec Julien , Zhou Xiangnan , Villiger Martin , Southard Jeffrey A. , Bouma Brett , Marcu Laura
Published: February 2024

The clinical management of coronary artery disease and the prevention of acute coronary syndromes require knowledge of the underlying atherosclerotic plaque pathobiology. Hybrid imaging modalities capable of comprehensive assessment of biochemical and morphological plaques features can address this need. Here we report the first implementation of an intravascular catheter system combining fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIm) with polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PSOCT). This system provides multi-scale assessment of plaque structure and composition via high spatial resolution morphology from OCT, polarimetry-derived tissue microstructure, and biochemical composition from FLIm, without requiring any molecular contrast agent. This result was achieved with a low profile (2.7 Fr) double-clad fiber (DCF) catheter and high speed (100 fps B-scan rate, 40 mm/s pullback speed) console. Use of a DCF and broadband rotary junction required extensive optimization to mitigate the reduction in OCT performance originating from additional reflections and multipath artifacts. This challenge was addressed by the development of a broad-band (UV-visible-IR), high return loss (47 dB) rotary junction. We demonstrate in phantoms, ex vivo swine coronary specimens and in vivo swine heart (percutaneous coronary access) that the FLIm-PSOCT catheter system can simultaneously acquire co-registered FLIm data over four distinct spectral bands (380/20 nm, 400/20 nm, 452/45 nm, 540/45 nm) and PSOCT backscattered intensity, birefringence, and depolarization. The unique ability to collect complementary information from tissue (e.g., morphology, extracellular matrix composition, inflammation) with a device suitable for percutaneous coronary intervention offers new opportunities for cardiovascular research and clinical diagnosis.
10-dB squeeze laser tuneable over half a nanometer around 1550 nm
Authors: Hagemann Malte , Zander Jascha , Schönbeck Axel , Schnabel Roman
Published: February 2024

Lasers for generating monochromatic light beams with sideband spectra in strongly squeezed vacuum states are the basis for aspired optical continuous-variable quantum computers. We have developed a "squeeze laser" that produces 10 dB squeezed vacuum states at a wavelength of 1550 nm, the latter being tunable by 0.5 nm without losing the high squeeze factor. Several identical squeeze lasers can thus be combined to realise wavelength-division multiplexing. Our squeeze laser uses the mature technology of parametric down-conversion in a periodically poled KTP crystal placed in a cavity that resonates both the squeezed field and the second harmonic pump field. Unlike previous realisations, we achieve the double resonance and phase matching by individually optimising and controlling the temperatures of two sections of the crystal body. The wavelength range is currently limited by the tuneability of the 1550 nm master laser.
Legget-Garg inequality for a two-mode entangled bosonic system
Authors: Kalaga Joanna K. , Kowalewska-Kudłaszyk Anna , Leoński Wiesław , Peřina Jan
Published: February 2024

We discuss a model of two nonlinear quantum oscillators mutually coupled by linear interaction and continuously driven by external coherent excitation. For such a system, we analyze temporal correlations. We examine the violation of the Leggett-Garg inequality analysing various scenarios of measurements. These scenarios are based on the projection onto different Bell states. We show that the possibility of violation of the Leggett-Garg inequalities is associated with the use of different projectors.
Fast surface signal extraction method for photon point clouds with strong background noise without prior altitude information
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Wang Fengxiang , Liu Xiangfeng , Zhai Jingsheng , Zhang Bingna , Huang Genghua , Shu Rong
Published: February 2024

It is extremely challenging to rapidly and accurately extract target echo photon signals from massive photon point clouds with strong background noise without any prior geographic information. Herein, we propose a fast surface detection method realized by combining the improved density-dimension algorithm (DDA) and Kalman filtering (KF), termed the DDA-KF algorithm, for photon signals with a high background noise rate (BNR) to improve the extraction of surface photon signals from spacecraft platforms. The results showed that the algorithm exhibited good adaptability to strong background noise and terrain slope variations, and had real-time processing capabilities for massive photon point clouds in large-scale detection range without prior altitude information of target. Our research provides a practical technical solution for single-photon lidar applications in deep space navigation and can help improve the performance in environments characterized by strong background noise.
Quantitative study on the photoemission of AlGaN nanoarrays based on the three-dimensional transportation within a four-step process
Authors: Shi Hongkai , Kan Caixia , Diao Yu , Wang Yuyan , Dai Yuting , Wu Xian , Xia Sihao
Published: February 2024

Photocathodes play a crucial role in photoelectronic imaging and vacuum electronic devices. The quantum efficiency of photocathodes, which determines their performance, can be enhanced through materials engineering. However, the quantum efficiency of conventional planar photocathodes remains consistently low, at around 25%. In this paper, we propose what we believe is a novel structure of AlGaN nanowire array to address this issue. We investigate the photoemission characteristics of the nanowire array using the "four-step" process, which takes into account optical absorption, electron transportation, electron emission, and electron collection. We compare the quantum efficiency of nanowire arrays with different structure sizes and Al components. After studying the effect of incident light at various angles on the nanowire array photocathode, we identify the optimal dimensional parameters: a height of 400∼500 nm and a wire width of 200∼300 nm. Furthermore, we improved the collection efficiency of the photocathode by introducing a built-in/external electric field, and obtained a 104.4% enhancement of the collection current with the built-in electric field, meanwhile the photocurrent was increased by 87% compared to the case without the external electric field. These findings demonstrate the potential of optimizing photocathode performance through the development of a novel model and adjustment of parameters, offering a promising approach for photocathode applications.
Low-noise co-arm differential sensor for an optical frequency comb sampling an E-field test system
Authors: Guo Zixian , Yang Yan , Tian Yumo , Zhang Shenda , Li Yuanyuan , Xie Shuguo
Published: February 2024

Optical frequency comb (OFC) technology can realize the rapid measurement of electric fields (E-fields) with large bandwidth. However, this technology suffers from the problem of high intensity noise, resulting in low sensitivity and a blind frequency region. In order to solve the above problems, a dual-path optical E-field sensor with a common reference arm based on a lithium niobate optical waveguide is proposed. The introduction of the reference arm improves the balance of optical paths and the degree of integration. A segmented electrode is also designed to ensure the generation of reverse electrical signals on two Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZIs). After exiting from the differential photodetector (PD), the intensity noise can be removed, and the sensitivity of the sensor can be improved. After testing, the maximum intensity noise reduction is about 37 dB, the average noise reduction is about 22.3 dB, and the blind frequency region can be eliminated with the co-arm differential optical E-field (CDOE) sensor in the process of measuring the signal. This sensor can be used in the 1 MHz–12 GHz bandwidth with a sensitivity better than 10 mV/m·√Hz.