bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Image Analysis of Particle Flow in Centrifugal Solar Particle Receiver
Authors: Hicdurmaz Serdar , Buck Reiner , Hoffschmidt Bernhard
Published: January 2022

Particle solar receivers promise economical and operational advantages compared to the molten salt-based solar receivers. In this study, an experiment is designed to observe the particle flow characteristics in the Centrifugal Particle Solar Receiver. A set of experiments for various receiver rotational speeds and particle mass flowrates is conducted, and experimentally obtained raw results are post-processed by means of an Image Processing Routine based on 4BestEstimate algorithm. The axial advance of the particles in one receiver rotation, the particle film thickness, and the ratio of the length of the stationary zone to the receiver circumference is measured to be later used in the validation study of the discrete element method-based numerical model.
The Contact Mechanics for Indentation of Single Asperity and Rough Surfaces
Authors: Sun Zhaoning , Li Xiaohai
Published: January 2022

A finite element analysis of a rigid sphere contact with a deformable elastic–plastic plat called indentation model is studied. The numerical results are applied on the rough surfaces contact of the Greenwood-Williamson (G-W) model. A series of the relationships of the rough surfaces contact parameters are obtained. The contact parameters of the indentation model and the flattening model are compared in detail, and the reasons for their differences are analyzed. In the case of single asperity contact, for ω/ωc > 1, the indentation model reaches the initial plastic yield while the flattening model is ω/ωc=1. In ω/ωc=10, the plastic yield reaches the contact surface for the first time, and the corresponding point of the flattening model is relatively earlier in ω/ωc=6. The contact parameters of the rough surface in different plasticity indexes are compared again. On the point of ψ = 0.5, the contact parameters of the flattening model and the indentation model coincide perfectly. For 0.5 < ψ < 4, the difference between the parameters curves become larger and larger. To the point of ψ = 4, when the distance difference reaches the maximum, it begins to decrease until the two curves are close to coincide again. The dimensionless elastic–plastic contact hardness is introduced. The relation between the real contact area and the contact pressure of the indentation model can be acquired quickly. The results show that the geometric shape of deformable contact parts has an important effect on the contact parameters, especially for the extension of the plastic deformation region within a specific range of plasticity index.
Contribution to the knowledge of the oribatid mite genus Tritegeus (Acari, Oribatida, Cepheidae), with description of a new species from Nepal
Authors: Ermilov Sergey G. , Martens Jochen
Published: January 2022

A new species of oribatid mites of the family Cepheidae (Oribatida)—Tritegeus janosbaloghi sp. nov.—is described based on adults from soil-litter in Nepalese forest. The generic diagnosis of Tritegeus is updated. An identification key and data on distribution of known species of Tritegeus are provided.
Effects of Cooperation and Competition on Performance, Emotion, and Effort: Goal and Means Interdependence
Authors: Ring Christopher , Kavussanu Maria , Cooke Andrew
Published: January 2022

Social interdependence theory proposes that task structure influences performance via social interaction. Using this framework, we examined sport performance. Fifty-six males performed a basketball task under four conditions: as an individual (individual, perform your best) and as a member of a team of two (cooperation, where teammates sought to better their individual performance; means independent competition, where two teams competed sequentially to outperform the other team; means interdependent competition, where two teams competed simultaneously to outperform the other team). Task performance (points) was better during means independent competition than other conditions. Anxiety and effort peaked during the competitions and enjoyment was greater during competition and cooperation than during the individual condition. Emotions, effort, and actions are discussed as explanations for the performance effects. Social interdependence theory provides a valuable framework to understand emotion, motivation, and performance. Team competition can be used to promote effort and enhance performance in sport.
The Influence of Social Contexts on Motor and Cognitive Performance: Performing Alone, in Front of Others, or Coacting With Others
Authors: Kaczmarek Christian , Schmidt Alexander , Emperle Anna Sophie , Schaefer Sabine
Published: January 2022

Group settings can help or hinder performances. We conducted two studies in a sporting context. Participants performed alone and in groups in which the other participants served as spectators or as coactors. In Study 1, 33 CrossFit athletes performed a timed fine motor task (stacking cups) and a gross motor task (planks). Plank performance increased in front of spectators and in the coacting condition as compared with the alone condition, whereas stacking performances were not affected by the social context. Study 2 assessed a working memory task (three-back) and a timed obstacle course requiring primarily motor speed. Subjects were 42 sports students. Spectators led to performance deteriorations in the complex cognitive task but to improved performances in the simple motor task, supporting the predictions formulated by Strauss. Future research should investigate whether the effects are mediated by the perception of one’s own performance compared with the group or by personality traits.
Measurement Properties of Clinically Accessible Movement Assessment Tools for Analyzing Single-Leg Squats and Step-Downs: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lally Erin M. , Ericksen Hayley , Earl-Boehm Jennifer
Published: January 2022

Context:Poor lower-extremity biomechanics are predictive of increased risk of injury. Clinicians analyze the single-leg squat (SLS) and step-down (SD) with rubrics and 2D assessments to identify these poor lower-extremity biomechanics. However, evidence on measurement properties of movement assessment tools is not strongly outlined. Measurement properties must be established before movement assessment tools are recommended for clinical use.Objective:The purpose of this study was to systematically review the evidence on measurement properties of rubrics and 2D assessments used to analyze an SLS and SD.Evidence Acquisition:The search strategy was developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines. The search was performed in PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases. The COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments multiphase procedure was used to extract relevant data, evaluate methodological quality of each study, score the results of each movement assessment, and synthesize the evidence.Evidence Synthesis:A total of 44 studies were included after applying eligibility criteria. Reliability and construct validity of knee frontal plane projection angle was acceptable, but criterion validity was unacceptable. Reliability of the Chmielewski rubric was unacceptable. Content validity of the knee-medial-foot and pelvic drop rubrics was acceptable. The remaining rubrics and 2D measurements had inconclusive or conflicting results regarding reliability and validity.Conclusions:Knee frontal plane projection angle is reliable for analyzing the SLS and SD; however, it does not serve as a substitute for 3D motion analysis. The Chmielewski rubric is not recommended for assessing the SLS or SD as it may be unreliable. Most movement assessment tools yield indeterminate results. Within the literature, standardized names, procedures, and reporting of movement assessment tool reliability and validity are inconsistent.
Soil drought can mitigate deadly heat stress thanks to a reduction of air humidity
Authors: Wouters Hendrik , Keune Jessica , Petrova Irina Y. , van Heerwaarden Chiel C. , Teuling Adriaan J. , Pal Jeremy S. , Vilà-Guerau de Arellano Jordi , Miralles Diego G.
Published: January 2022

Soil drought can mitigate deadly heat stress thanks to a reduction of air humidity.
Single-cell architecture and functional requirement of alternative splicing during hematopoietic stem cell formation
Authors: Wang Fang , Tan Puwen , Zhang Pengcheng , Ren Yue , Zhou Jie , Li Yunqiao , Hou Siyuan , Li Shuaili , Zhang Linlin , Ma Yanni , Wang Chaojie , Tang Wanbo , Wang Xiaoshuang , Huo Yue , Hu Yongfei , Cui Tianyu , Niu Chao , Wang Dong , Liu Bing , Lan Yu , Yu Jia
Published: January 2022

AS program is essential for HSC formation.
Noninvasive measurements of spin transport properties of an antiferromagnetic insulator
Authors: Wang Hailong , Zhang Shu , McLaughlin Nathan J. , Flebus Benedetta , Huang Mengqi , Xiao Yuxuan , Liu Chuanpu , Wu Mingzhong , Fullerton Eric E. , Tserkovnyak Yaroslav , Du Chunhui Rita
Published: January 2022

Nitrogen-vacancy centers offer an alternative way to detect spin diffusive transport in an antiferromagnet.
A lethal mouse model for evaluating vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease during SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Iwata-Yoshikawa Naoko , Shiwa Nozomi , Sekizuka Tsuyoshi , Sano Kaori , Ainai Akira , Hemmi Takuya , Kataoka Michiyo , Kuroda Makoto , Hasegawa Hideki , Suzuki Tadaki , Nagata Noriyo
Published: January 2022

Eosinophilic immunopathology was induced by T
H
2-shifted immune response and inadequate neutralizing antibody in BALB/c mice.
Toward wide-spectrum antivirals against coronaviruses: Molecular characterization of SARS-CoV-2 NSP13 helicase inhibitors
Authors: Perez-Lemus Gustavo R. , Menéndez Cintia A. , Alvarado Walter , Byléhn Fabian , de Pablo Juan J.
Published: January 2022

Molecular dynamics simulations are used to unravel the SARS-CoV-2 NSP13 behavior in interaction with natural ligands and inhibitors.
Ultrasound-mediated triboelectric nanogenerator for powering on-demand transient electronics
Authors: Lee Dong-Min , Rubab Najaf , Hyun Inah , Kang Wooseok , Kim Young-Jun , Kang Minki , Choi Byung Ok , Kim Sang-Woo
Published: January 2022

The ultrasound-mediated transient materials enable the management of biodegradation processes for implantable electronics.
In situ detection of water on the Moon by the Chang’E-5 lander
Authors: Lin Honglei , Li Shuai , Xu Rui , Liu Yang , Wu Xing , Yang Wei , Wei Yong , Lin Yangting , He Zhiping , Hui Hejiu , He Huaiyu , Hu Sen , Zhang Chi , Li Chunlai , Lv Gang , Yuan Liyin , Zou Yongliao , Wang Chi
Published: January 2022

Variations of total water contents were detected in situ from the lunar regolith and rock at the Chang’E-5 landing site.
Supervised learning model predicts protein adsorption to carbon nanotubes
Authors: Ouassil Nicholas , Pinals Rebecca L. , Del Bonis-O’Donnell Jackson Travis , Wang Jeffrey W. , Landry Markita P.
Published: January 2022

The developed classifier predicts what proteins adsorb to nanoparticles and what protein features drive these interactions.
Three tissue resident macrophage subsets coexist across organs with conserved origins and life cycles
Authors: Dick Sarah A. , Wong Anthony , Hamidzada Homaira , Nejat Sara , Nechanitzky Robert , Vohra Shabana , Mueller Brigitte , Zaman Rysa , Kantores Crystal , Aronoff Laura , Momen Abdul , Nechanitzky Duygu , Li Wanda Y. , Ramachandran Parameswaran , Crome Sarah Q. , Becher Burkhard , Cybulsky Myron I. , Billia Filio , Keshavjee Shaf , Mital Seema , Robbins Clint S. , Mak Tak W. , Epelman Slava
Published: January 2022

High-dimensional analysis reveals three macrophage subsets with common transcriptional and biological properties across organs.
A tumor-specific pro-IL-12 activates preexisting cytotoxic T cells to control established tumors
Authors: Xue Diyuan , Moon Benjamin , Liao Jing , Guo Jingya , Zou Zhuangzhi , Han Yanfei , Cao Shuaishuai , Wang Yang , Fu Yang-Xin , Peng Hua
Published: January 2022

A tumor-specific pro-IL-12 rejuvenated preexisting TILs to induce tumor growth delay without inducing systemic toxicity.
Innate immunological pathways in COVID-19 pathogenesis
Authors: Paludan Søren R. , Mogensen Trine H.
Published: January 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease characterized by a profound dysregulation of the innate immune system. This knowledge has emerged from the large body of single-cell omics studies of patients with COVID-19, which have provided one of the most detailed cellular atlases of a human disease ever. However, we are only beginning to understand the innate immunological pathways that govern host defense and immunopathology in COVID-19. In this review, we discuss the emerging understanding of how SARS-CoV-2 and host-derived molecules activate specific pattern recognition receptors to elicit protective interferon responses and pathological cytokine responses, with particular focus on acute infection of the lung and lung pathophysiology in critical COVID-19. In addition, we discuss how these pathways are modulated by virus-host interactions and host stress-sensing pathways. In-depth understanding of the disease mechanisms will likely uncover specific molecular targets for the treatment of COVID-19 and other emerging viral infections. In addition, it will reveal the fine balance between beneficial protective versus pathological disease causing immune responses.
CAR keys to unlock the intracellular immunopeptidome
Authors: Griffin Gabriel K.
Published: January 2022

MHC-peptides derived from intracellular oncoproteins represent novel CAR-T targets in pediatric neuroblastoma.
Tectonostratigraphy and major structures of the Georgian Greater Caucasus: Implications for structural architecture, along-strike continuity, and orogen evolution
Authors: Trexler Charles C. , Cowgill Eric , Niemi Nathan A. , Vasey Dylan A. , Godoladze Tea
Published: January 2022

Although the Greater Caucasus Mountains have played a central role in absorbing late Cenozoic convergence between the Arabian and Eurasian plates, the orogenic architecture and the ways in which it accommodates modern shortening remain debated. Here, we addressed this problem using geologic mapping along two transects across the southern half of the western Greater Caucasus to reveal a suite of regionally coherent stratigraphic packages that are juxtaposed across a series of thrust faults, which we call the North Georgia fault system. From south to north within this system, stratigraphically repeated ~5–10-km-thick thrust sheets show systematically increasing bedding dip angles (<30° in the south to subvertical in the core of the range). Likewise, exhumation depth increases toward the core of the range, based on low-temperature thermochronologic data and metamorphic grade of exposed rocks. In contrast, active shortening in the modern system is accommodated, at least in part, by thrust faults along the southern margin of the orogen. Facilitated by the North Georgia fault system, the western Greater Caucasus Mountains broadly behave as an in-sequence, southward-propagating imbricate thrust fan, with older faults within the range progressively abandoned and new structures forming to accommodate shortening as the thrust propagates southward. We suggest that the single-fault-centric “Main Caucasus thrust” paradigm is no longer appropriate, as it is a system of faults, the North Georgia fault system, that dominates the architecture of the western Greater Caucasus Mountains.
Geochemical indications for the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) and Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 (ETM-2) hyperthermals in terrestrial sediments of the Canadian Arctic
Authors: Reinhardt Lutz , von Gosen Werner , Lückge Andreas , Blumenberg Martin , Galloway Jennifer M. , West Christopher K. , Sudermann Markus , Dolezych Martina
Published: January 2022

During the late Paleocene to early Eocene, clastic fluvial sediments and coals were deposited in northern high latitudes as part of the Margaret Formation at Stenkul Fiord (Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada). Syn-sedimentary tectonic movements of the Eurekan deformation continuously affected these terrestrial sediments. Different volcanic ash layers occur, and unconformities subdivide the deposits into four sedimentary units. Rare vertebrate fossils indicate an early Eocene (Graybullian) age for the upper part of the Stenkul Fiord outcrop.

Here, we present carbon isotope data of bulk coal, related organic-rich mud and siltstones, a plant leaf wax-derived alkane, and additional plant remains. These data provide a complete carbon isotope record of one stratigraphic section with defined unconformity positions and in relation to other Eurekan deformation features. A previously dated ash layer MA-1 provided a U-Pb zircon age of 53.7 Ma and is used as a stratigraphic tie point, together with a discrete negative carbon isotope excursion found above MA-1 in a closely sampled coal seam. The excursion is identified as the likely expression of the I-1 hyperthermal event.

Based on our isotope data that reflect the early Eocene dynamics of the carbon cycle, this tie point, and previous paleontological constraints from vertebrate fossils, the locations of the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) and Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 (ETM-2) hyperthermals and their extent along the complete section are herein identified. Within the intervals of the PETM and ETM-2 hyperthermal events, increasing amounts of clastic sediments reached the site toward the respective end of the event. This is interpreted as a response of the fluvial depositional system to an intensified hydrological system during the hyperthermal events. Our study establishes an enhanced stratigraphic framework allowing for the calculation of average sedimentation rates of different intervals and considerations on the completeness of the stratigraphic record.

As one of the few high-latitude outcrops of early Eocene terrestrial sediments, the Stenkul Fiord location offers further possibilities to study the effects of extreme warming events in the Paleogene.
Symptomatic haemophilia A: management during pregnancy and the postpartum period
Authors: Rodrigues-Martins Diana , Buchner Graça , Braga Jorge Sousa
Published: January 2022

As an X linked disorder, the presence of severe symptomatic haemophilia A is an extremely rare disorder in women. Therefore there are no high-level evidence-based guidelines when it comes to pregnancy. Although there have been advances in the fields of prenatal counselling and maternal-fetal care, the management of these gestations continues to embody a challenge for any medical team. We report the successful management of a pregnant woman with symptomatic haemophilia A, from pregnancy to the postpartum period. Our aim is to enhance knowledge on this topic, and further improve outcomes for these mothers and their offspring.
Intraductal papillary neoplasm of bile duct with invasive carcinoma as an intrahepatic cystic lesion, with successful preoperative diagnosis
Authors: Takasaki Tetsuro , Sakamoto Takashi , Saito Akira , Motomura Yasuaki
Published: January 2022

An 82-year-old man presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain and febrile symptoms that had been present for 4 days. Blood tests showed elevated liver enzymes and white blood cell count, and abdominal contrast-enhanced CT revealed a 35 mm cystic lesion in the left lateral liver lobe. On closer examination, the cystic lesion was found to have contiguous bile duct dilatation and internal nodules. Furthermore, mucus production was observed during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, which led to the diagnosis of intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB), with cystic infection. Although the patient was an older adult, there was no background disease that would have prevented surgery, and resection was performed. Pathological examination revealed type 1 IPNB, with invasive carcinoma. The number of reports of IPNB is expected to increase with an increasing older population in Asia, and we report the findings of this case.
Bilateral renal metastases from extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of thigh
Authors: Pruthi Himanshu , Bhujade Harish , Kundu Reetu , GY Srinivasa
Published: January 2022

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (MC) is a rare cartilaginous tumour that occurs in the extraskeletal locations in about one-third of cases. It is aggressive in behaviour and may involve the lower extremities, central nervous system or spine. Mesenchymal tumours are known for distant metastasis; however, metastasis to bilateral kidneys after treatment has not been reported earlier. We present a case of a soft-tissue intramuscular MC of the thigh in a 38-year-old patient which had been surgically excised after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The patient presented with bilateral dense calcified renal masses after 6 years, which were cytologically proven as MC metastases. In the evaluation of bilateral calcified renal masses in patients with a history of MC, metastasis should be considered.
Proximal hamstring tendon avulsions: comparable clinical outcomes of operative and non-operative treatment at 1-year follow-up using a shared decision-making model
Authors: van der Made Anne D , Peters Rolf W , Verheul Claire , Smithuis Frank F , Reurink Gustaaf , Moen Maarten H , Tol Johannes L , Kerkhoffs Gino M M J
Published: January 2022

Objective

To prospectively evaluate 1-year clinical and radiological outcomes after operative and non-operative treatment of proximal hamstring tendon avulsions.

Methods

Patients with an MRI-confirmed proximal hamstring tendon avulsion were included. Operative or non-operative treatment was selected by a shared decision-making process. The primary outcome was the Perth Hamstring Assessment Tool (PHAT) score. Secondary outcome scores were Proximal Hamstring Injury Questionnaire, EQ-5D-3L, Tegner Activity Scale, return to sports, hamstring flexibility, isometric hamstring strength and MRI findings including proximal continuity.

Results

Twenty-six operative and 33 non-operative patients with a median age of 51 (IQR: 37–57) and 49 (IQR: 45–56) years were included. Median time between injury and initial visit was 12 (IQR 6–19) days for operative and 21 (IQR 12–48) days for non-operative patients (p=0.004). Baseline PHAT scores were significantly lower in the operative group (32±16 vs 45±17, p=0.003). There was no difference in mean PHAT score between groups at 1 year follow-up (80±19 vs 80±17, p=0.97). Mean PHAT score improved by 47 (95% CI 39 to 55, p<0.001) after operative and 34 (95% CI 27 to 41, p<0.001) after non-operative treatment. There were no relevant differences in secondary clinical outcome measures. Proximal continuity on MRI was present in 20 (95%, 1 recurrence) operative and 14 (52%, no recurrences) non-operative patients (p=0.008).

Conclusion

In a shared decision-making model of care, both operative and non-operative treatment of proximal hamstring tendon avulsions resulted in comparable clinical outcome at 1-year follow-up. Operative patients had lower pretreatment PHAT scores but improved substantially to reach comparable PHAT scores as non-operative patients. We recommend using this shared decision model of care until evidence-based indications in favour of either treatment option are available from high-level clinical trials.
Ethical health security in the age of antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Pahlman Kari , Fehross Anson , Fox Greg J , Silva Diego S
Published: January 2022

Objective

Owing to its potential human, social and economic costs, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is frequently referred to as a threat to health security. Simultaneously, health security and the preservation of antimicrobials are often described as a global public good. However, how the term ‘public good’ is used in the context of health security, and the values that underpin it, remains ambiguous. Policymaking is never value-free, and a better examination of such values is critical to understanding how issues such as AMR are problematised and how policy decisions are informed.

Design

We used McDougall’s version of critical interpretive synthesis to capture the recurring concepts and arguments within public policy, political science and applied ethics literature on AMR. Articles were analysed by identifying recurring ideas and developing themes across the literature.

Results

A total of 77 papers were included in our review. In the context of health security and AMR, the concept of ‘public good’ appears to be used interchangeably with ‘common good’, reflecting confusion, but sometimes meaningful differences, regarding how antimicrobials, as a good, are conceived. Main approaches to addressing AMR are statism, globalism and regionalism, which appeal to different values in guiding policymakers. Common justificatory values underpinning preservation of antimicrobials as a public good were prevention of harm, solidarity, justice and rights.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that within the literature there is a lack of conceptual clarity as to whether antimicrobials constitute a public good or a common good. Moreover, the way in which antimicrobials are conceived and the approaches through which AMR as a threat to health security is addressed appear to be grounded in values that are often implicit. Being explicit about the values that underpin AMR and health security is not simply an intellectual exercise but has very real policy and programmatic implications.
Cross-sectional study of nutritional intake among patients undergoing tuberculosis treatment along the Myanmar–Thailand border
Authors: Damji Karim , Hashmi Ahmar H , Kyi Lin Lin , Vincenti-Delmas Michele , Htun Win Pa Pa , Ko Ko Aung Htet , Brummaier Tobias , Angkurawaranon Chaisiri , Carrara Verena I , Nosten Francois
Published: January 2022

Objective

This study summarises nutritional intake among patients with tuberculosis (TB) along the Myanmar–Thailand border according to the local diet.

Setting

TB clinic along the Myanmar–Thailand border.

Participants

Cross-sectional surveys of 24-hour food recall were conducted with participants receiving anti-TB treatment. Participants were purposively selected to reflect proportion of age, sex and HIV co-infection based on historical patient records. Out of a total of 28 participants, 20 (71.4%) were men and 5 (17.9%) were co-infected with HIV.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The primary outcome compared actual recorded intake to recommended intake. Secondary outcomes compared weight gain and body mass index (BMI) from diagnosis to time of survey.

Results

There were no significant differences in macronutrient or micronutrient intake by sex or for patients supplementing their rations. Mean treatment length at time of survey was 20.7 weeks (95% CI: 16.5 to 24.8). A significantly higher proportion of women (8/8, 100%) met caloric requirements compared with men (9/20, 45.0%, p=0.010), but few participants met other macronutrient or micronutrient requirements, with no significant differences by sex or for patients supplementing their rations. From diagnosis to the time of the survey, participants averaged significant weight gain of 6.48 kg (95% CI: 3.87 to 9.10) and increased BMI of 2.47 kg/m2 (95% CI: 1.45 to 3.49; p=0.0001 for both). However, 50% (14/28) still had mild or more severe forms of malnutrition.

Conclusions

This cross-sectional survey of nutritional intake in patients undergoing TB treatment in a sanatorium setting demonstrates the difficulty in sufficiently meeting nutritional demands, even when providing nutritional support.
Effect of treatments on skin microbiota in patients with atopic dermatitis: a protocol for systematic review
Authors: Guo Yang , Dou Xia , Jian Xing-ling , Zhang Kao-yuan , Zheng Ying-jie , Yu Bo
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease and skin microbiota dysbiosis shows an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. Effects of treatment on skin microbiota for patients with AD have been evaluated in recent years; however, the results remained controversial across studies. This systematic review will summarise studies evaluating the effect of treatments on skin microbiota among patients with AD.

Methods and analysis

We will search PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov and Chinese Clinical Trial Registry in November 2021; other data sources will also be considered, including searching specific authors and screening references cited in the enrolled articles. Interventional studies, which enrolled patients with AD receiving treatments and reported treatment-related skin microbiota changes, will be included. Our primary outcomes include skin microbiota diversity and treatment-related differential microbes; the secondary outcomes include microbiota functions and microbial interactions. Risk of bias assessment will be performed using Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials, risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions and methodological index for non-randomised studies. Two researchers will independently perform study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment, with disagreements resolved by group discussions. Subgroup analyses will be performed according to different types of treatment for AD.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval is not required for this systematic review. Findings will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publication or conference proceedings.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021246566.
Moving from intention to behaviour: a randomised controlled trial protocol for an app-based physical activity intervention (i2be)
Authors: Kókai Lili L , Ó Ceallaigh Diarmaid T , Wijtzes Anne I , Roeters van Lennep Jeanine E , Hagger Martin S , Cawley John , Rohde Kirsten I M , van Kippersluis Hans , Burdorf Alex
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Efficacy tests of physical activity interventions indicate that many have limited or short-term efficacy, principally because they do not sufficiently build on theory-based processes that determine behaviour. The current study aims to address this limitation.

Methods and analysis

The efficacy of the 8-week intervention will be tested using a three-condition randomised controlled trial delivered through an app, in women with a prior hypertensive pregnancy disorder. The intervention is based on the integrated behaviour change model, which outlines the motivational, volitional and automatic processes that lead to physical activity. The mechanisms by which the behaviour change techniques lead to physical activity will be tested.

Following stratification on baseline factors, participants will be randomly allocated in-app to one of three conditions (1:1:1). The information condition will receive information, replicating usual care. Additionally to what the information condition receives, the motivation condition will receive content targeting motivational processes. Additionally to what the motivation condition receives, the action condition will receive content targeting volitional and automatic processes.

The primary outcome is weekly minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, as measured by an activity tracker (Fitbit Inspire 2). Secondary outcomes include weekly average of Fitbit-measured daily resting heart rate, and self-reported body mass index, waist-hip ratio, cardiorespiratory fitness and subjective well-being. Tertiary outcomes include self-reported variables representing motivational, volitional, and automatic processes. Outcome measures will be assessed at baseline, immediately post-intervention, and at 3 and 12 months post-intervention. Physical activity will also be investigated at intervention midpoint. Efficacy will be determined by available case analysis. A process evaluation will be performed based on programme fidelity and acceptability measures.

Ethics and dissemination

The Medical Ethics Committee of the Erasmus MC has approved this study (MEC-2020-0981). Results will be published in peer reviewed scientific journals and presented at scientific conferences.

Trial registration number

Netherlands trial register, NL9329.
Primary care doctor and nurse consultations among people who live in slums: a retrospective, cross-sectional survey in four countries
Authors:   Improving Health in Slums Collaborative
Published: January 2022

Objectives

To survey on the availability and use of primary care services in slum populations.

Design

Retrospective, cross-sectional, household, individual and healthcare provider surveys.

Setting

Seven slum sites in four countries (Nigeria, Kenya, Pakistan and Bangladesh).

Participants

Residents of slums and informal settlements.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Primary care consultation rates by type of provider and facility.

Results

We completed 7692 household, 7451 individual adult and 2633 individual child surveys across seven sites. The majority of consultations were to doctors/nurses (in clinics or hospitals) and pharmacies rather than single-handed providers or traditional healers. Consultation rates with a doctor or nurse varied from 0.2 to 1.5 visits per person-year, which was higher than visit rates to any other type of provider in all sites except Bangladesh, where pharmacies predominated. Approximately half the doctor/nurse visits were in hospital outpatient departments and most of the remainder were to clinics. Over 90% of visits across all sites were for acute symptoms rather than chronic disease. Median travel times were between 15 and 45 min and the median cost per visit was between 2% and 10% of a household’s monthly total expenditure. Medicines comprised most of the cost. More respondents reported proximity (54%–78%) and service quality (31%–95%) being a reason for choosing a provider than fees (23%–43%). Demand was relatively inelastic with respect to both price of consultation and travel time.

Conclusions

People in slums tend to live sufficiently close to formal doctor/nurse facilities for their health-seeking behaviour to be influenced by preference for provider type over distance and cost. However, costs, especially for medicines are high in relation to income and use rates remain significantly below those of high-income countries.
Associations of primary care structures with polypharmacy and patient-reported indicators in patients with complex multimorbidity: a multicentre cross-sectional study in Japan
Authors: Aoki Takuya , Fujinuma Yasuki , Matsushima Masato
Published: January 2022

Objectives

Evidence supporting the effects of primary care structures on the quality of care for patients with complex multimorbidity, which is one of the most important challenges facing primary care, is scarce internationally. This study aimed to examine the associations of the types of primary care facilities with polypharmacy and patient-reported indicators in patients with complex multimorbidity, with a focus on differences between community clinics and hospitals.

Design

Multicentre cross-sectional study.

Setting

A total of 25 primary care facilities (19 community clinics and 6 small- and medium-sized hospitals).

Participants

Adult outpatients with complex multimorbidity, which was defined as the co-occurrence of three or more chronic conditions affecting three or more different body systems within one person.

Primary outcome measure

Polypharmacy, the Patient-Reported Experience Measure using the Japanese version of Primary Care Assessment Tool Short Form (JPCAT-SF) and the Patient-Reported Outcome Measure using self-rated health status (SRH).

Results

Data were analysed for 492 patients with complex multimorbidity. After adjustment for possible confounders and clustering within facilities, clinic-based primary care practices were significantly associated with a lower prevalence of polypharmacy, higher JPCAT-SF scores in coordination and community orientation, and a lower prevalence of poor or fair SRH compared with hospital-based primary care practices. In contrast, the JPCAT-SF score in first contact was significantly lower in clinic-based practices. The associations between the types of primary care facilities and JPCAT-SF scores in longitudinality and comprehensiveness were not statistically significant.

Conclusions

Clinic-based primary care practices were associated with a lower prevalence of polypharmacy, better patient experience of coordination and community orientation, and better SRH in patients with complex multimorbidity compared with hospital-based primary care practices. In the primary care setting, small and tight teams may improve the quality of care for patients with complex multimorbidity.
Predicting transitions between longitudinal classes of post-traumatic stress disorder, adjustment disorder and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: protocol of a latent transition model in a general Dutch sample
Authors: Lenferink Lonneke , Mouthaan Joanne , Fritz Anna M , Soydas Suzan , Eidhof Marloes , van Hoof Marie-José , Groen Simon , Mooren Trudy
Published: January 2022

Background

A growing body of literature shows profound effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, among which increased rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and adjustment disorder (AD). However, current research efforts have largely been unilateral, focusing on psychopathology and not including well-being, and are dominated by examining average psychopathology levels or on disorder absence/presence, thereby ignoring individual differences in mental health. Knowledge on individual differences, as depicted by latent subgroups, in the full spectrum of mental health may provide valuable insights in how individuals transition between health states and factors that predict transitioning from resilient to symptomatic classes. Our aim is to (1) identify longitudinal classes (ie, subgroups of individuals) based on indicators of PTSD, AD and well-being in response to the pandemic and (2) examine predictors of transitioning between these subgroups.

Methods and analysis

We will conduct a three-wave longitudinal online survey study of n≥2000 adults from the general Dutch population. The first measurement occasion takes place 6 months after the start of the pandemic, followed by two follow-up measurements with 6 months of intervals. Latent transition analysis will be used for data analysis.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval has been obtained from four Dutch universities. Longitudinal study designs are vital to monitor mental health (and predictors thereof) in the pandemic to develop preventive and curative mental health interventions. This study is carried out by researchers who are board members of the Dutch Society for Traumatic Stress Studies and is part of a pan-European study (initiated by the European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies) examining the impact of the pandemic in 11 countries. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated at conferences, via newsletters, and media appearance among (psychotrauma) professionals and the general public.
Cross-sectional association between body fat percentage and arteriosclerosis assessed by Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index in a Chinese population: a retrospective observational study
Authors: He Linfeng , Bai Lijuan , Liu Lihua , Liu Yun , Wang Ruiyun , Wang Yaoling , Liao Man , Wan Yizhou , Qi Benling
Published: January 2022

Objective

To evaluate arteriosclerosis using Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI) and to explore the relation between the body fat percentage (BFP) and CAVI.

Design

A retrospective observational study.

Setting and participants

A total of 1152 patients admitted to a geriatric unit and general practice at a mega hospital in Wuhan, China, from November 2018 to November 2019 were included in this study.

Primary outcome

Association between BFP and CAVI.

Results

Multiple linear regression analysis showed that BFP was positively correlated with CAVI after correction for potential confounding variables (β=0.03; 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.05); this association persisted after BFP was treated by quartile categorical variables and the trend test was statistically significant (p for trend=0.002). Meanwhile, the generalised additive model showed a non-linear association between BFP and CAVI. When BFP<20.6%, BFP is not associated with CAVI for (β=−0.02; 95% CI: −0.06 to 0.03), but when BFP≥20.6%, there is a linear positive association between BFP and CAVI (β=0.05; 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.07). Subgroup analysis showed that there was an interaction between BFP and CAVI in the age stratification (p interaction=0.038).

Conclusion

BFP was non-linearly correlated with CAVI, with a 0.05 increase in CAVI for every 1% increase in BFP when BFP≥20.6% and a 0.03 increase in CAVI in those >65 years of age.
Healthcare professionals’ experience of using in situ simulation training in preparation for the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative focus group study from a Danish hospital
Authors: Juelsgaard Joachim , Løfgren Bo , Toxvig Neel , Eriksen Gitte Valsted , Ebdrup Lotte , Jensen Rune Dall
Published: January 2022

Objectives

The COVID-19 pandemic forced hospital organisation and healthcare professionals to prepare for large quantities of patients in isolation rooms. In situ simulation may seem promising in order to manage the organisational changes that the pandemic require. This study aims to investigate in situ simulations influence on healthcare professional’s self-perceived preparedness to face the pandemic.

Design

A qualitative focus group study.

Setting

We conducted full scale in situ simulations over a 3-week period in April 2020, including 277 healthcare professionals, at a Danish University Hospital. Subsequently, six semistructured focus group interviews, including 22 participants from the simulations, were conducted in May 2020.

Participants

22 healthcare professionals participated in the focus group interviews.

Methods

The simulations consisted of a briefing, two scenarios focusing on acute respiratory insufficiency and correct use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and a debriefing. We conducted six focus group interviews using comparable semistructured interview guides focusing on the organisational restructuring of the departments and outcomes of the needs-driven simulation-based programme. We used thematic analysis to identify main themes.

Results

The informants perceived that the simulations resulted in positive experiences for the healthcare professionals and perceived the organisational changes as effective. They highlighted that simulation enhanced teamwork, demystified the COVID-19 disease, and improved skills, in correct use of PPE and acute treatment of COVID-19 patients. Data revealed that a predefined simulation task force including both experienced simulators and medical experts for facilitation of in situ simulation would be beneficial.

Conclusion

In situ simulation may be useful to enhance learning on organisation and individual level during a pandemic. This educational activity could serve an important role in facilitating hospital preparation and education of large numbers of healthcare professionals during a healthcare crisis. Introduction of a simulation task force is suggested to handle coordination and rapid enrolment across the hospital.
Stakeholders’ perspectives on the provision of vocational training for youth with disabilities in Sri Lanka: protocol for a mixed-methods study
Authors: Colonne Uvini Tharumali , Dharmarathna Isuru , Siriwardhana Dhammika Deepani , Handy Tamara , Gamage Madhushika Harshani , Athawuda Nuwanda , Sumanasena Samanmali P
Published: January 2022

Introduction

The quality and the range of vocational training (VT) courses offered to youth with disabilities (YwD) in low-middle-income countries are underexplored. This protocol describes a study designed to gather perceptions of a range of stakeholders related to the quality and relevance of VT programmes conducted by the Department of Social Services in Sri Lanka. The purpose of this study is to communicate with authorities the ways in which they can improve their services by paying close attention to the needs and recommendations of all stakeholders.

Methods and analysis

A parallel mixed-methods study will be conducted at eight vocational training institutes (VTIs). A survey will be conducted with five participant groups; YwD presently enrolled in VTIs (n=358) and their caregivers (n=358), YwD who completed the VT (n=45) and their caregivers (n=45) and educators at VTIs (n=47). The qualitative component includes semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. The three groups of participants include: educators, caregivers of potential YwD for future VT (6–10 per group) and key informants from state, corporate and non-governmental sectors (a total of 20). Quantitative and qualitative data will be analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics and cross-thematic analysis, respectively.

Ethics and dissemination

This study received ethical clearance from the Ethics Review Committee, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya (Ref. No: P/15/02/2021). All data collection processes will abide by health and safety measures required by the national government. Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Results from this research will be disseminated, to local stakeholders and participants, via local and international conferences and publications in peer-reviewed journals.
Intermittent fasting: eating by the clock for health and exercise performance
Authors: Mandal Sumona , Simmons Niall , Awan Sidra , Chamari Karim , Ahmed Irfan
Published: January 2022

Intermittent fasting (IF) is an increasingly popular dietary practice, and its implementation is found throughout human civilisation in various cultural, spiritual and religious traditions. Emerging evidence has shown that the health benefits of IF stretch beyond calorie restriction and weight loss. These benefits include metabolic shifts in energy production, the optimisation of peripheral circadian clocks, and overall improvement in physiological markers of metabolic health. IF has been proposed to reduce systemic inflammation and have a role in the prevention and treatment of chronic disease. For the athlete, IF protocols offer a potential new frontier for maintaining performance in the fasted state. They may allow athletes to optimise training adaptions, while respecting individual cultural, religious, and/or spiritual preferences to fast and exercise. Below, we discuss the physiological impact of fasted exercise while highlighting areas for future work to improve our understanding and implementation of the practice for the benefit of both the active general community and sporting populations.
PERSISTE: a mixed methods protocol to identify barriers and levers to a sustainable physical activity practice among patients with chronic disease after physical activity resumption programs
Authors: Riquier Olivier , Vuillemin Anne , Van Hoye Aurélie
Published: January 2022

Physical activity (PA) has evidence-based benefits for physical, social and mental health, but investigation of how PA interventions for patients with chronic disease affects their PA practice up to 1 year after programmes are rare. Moreover, few studies document how the context and intervention mechanisms of PA programmes affect sustainable PA practice and its determinants. The present protocol describes a mixed methods study comparing the effectiveness and conditions for the effectiveness of two PA resumption programmes (a hospital-led and a community-based programme). Using a comparative longitudinal study, 60 patients (3-month duration) will be followed for 1 year though four data collections: before (T0) and at the end (T1) of the intervention, 6 months (T2) and 1 year (T3) after the start of the programme. The primary outcome will be PA practice in min/week and categorised as light, moderate or vigorous (using International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)), and secondary outcomes will include sedentary time in min/week (IPAQ), quality of life evaluated though the physical and mental composite scores (‘Medical Outcome Study Short Form 12’), and enjoyment using four statements rated from 1 to 5, a high score being synonymous of enjoyment (Intrinsic Motivation Inventory). Qualitative data on further determinants of PA practice and intervention mechanisms will be collected. The expected results will offer the opportunity to understand how the intervention context contributes to a more effective, sustainable PA practice. Trial registration number:NCT04954209.