bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FECHAMENTO PERCUTÂNEO VERSUS CIRÚRGICO DA COMUNICAÇÃO ATRIAL DO TIPO OSTIUM SECUNDUM: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Felici Rodrigo Moroni , Furukawa Suzane Costa , Martins Luciane Schadeck , Kerche Leandra Ernst
Published: April 2022

Atrial septal defect (ASD) represents about 5% to 10% of all diagnosed congenital heart diseases, it is more common in women, with a prevalence of 1.5 to 3.5 women for each man. Changes in the interatrial septum in the oval fossa are called ostium secundum interatrial communication, which correspond to 75% of all ASD cases. Half of the defects are resolved spontaneously while the other half requires surgical of percutaneous intervention. Although the surgical approach has been used for many years, the development of percutaneous techniques has allowed the transcatheter closure of the ASD ostium secundum with excellent results in short and long terms. However, the wide anatomical variation of ASD can compromise the results of percutaneous treatment. Therefore, an integrative review was carried out in order to compare the surgical and percutaneous closure of ASD ostium secundum pointing out the benefits and complications of both techniques. The results showed that as for effectiveness, safety and mortality, both techniques are equally comparable but the complication rates and reduced hospitalization of percutaneous treatment justifies its indication as the method of choice for the treatment of ASD ostium secundum.
The Risk and Severity of Food Insecurity in V4 Countries: Insight from the Fuzzy Approach
Authors: Dudek Hanna
Published: April 2022

Food Insecurity (FI) is a complex phenomenon, therefore the traditional approach to its analysis, based on the rigid dichotomization between the food-secure and the food-insecure can oversimplify the real picture. The study proposes to consider FI as a degree rather than as an attribute. To do this, it employs a fuzzy approach widely applied in multidimensional poverty analysis. The study aims to identify correlates of FI in the V4 countries using the zero-inflated beta regression model. This model enables to understand the mechanisms behind the risk and the severity of FI in V4. The analysis based on the FIES data collected in the Gallup World Poll for 2018 indicates the role of income, household composition, and social capital as important correlates of FI. The risk of FI was also affected by age, level of education, gender, marital and employment status. Moreover, the study finds that the food insecurity profile exhibits country-specific effects.
Market Segmentation in the Film Industry Based on Genre Preference: The Case of Millennials
Authors: Nikolic Dejana , Kostic-Stankovic Milica , Jeremic Veljko
Published: April 2022

One of the industries that has been hit the most by the Covid-19 is the film industry. Practitioners and experts in the field are in need to better understand the changed consumers and their new behaviour so that they can adequately communicate with them. The population segment which attracts the most attention are the Millennials due to the fact they have a high level of self-interest, they mix streaming services, and their purchase intention building is much slower compared to other generations. This study aimed to propose a segmentation approach in the film industry based on genre preference. To verify the proposed approach, an online survey on consumer habits and attitudes towards different elements of film marketing mix was conducted at the beginning of the Covid-19 lockdown in Serbia. Upon that, biclustering algorithm was employed to segment the respondents. Finally, similarities and differences between retained segments were explored, which provided insights on which elements of film (elements of product, Word of Mouth, Frequency of consumption, and elements of promotion) respondents pay attention to based on their genre preference. The observed similarities and differences led to the creation of tailored communication strategies for each segment, which could improve the effectiveness of marketing activities in the film industry during the Covid-19 era, and could be extended in the post-Covid era.
Comparison of Pressure and Volume-Controlled Mechanical Ventilation in Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery: A Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: Pournajafian Alireza , Sakhaeyan Elmira , Rokhtabnak Faranak , Alimian Mahzad , Ghodrati Amirhossein , Jolousi Minoo , Ghodraty Mohammad Reza
Published: April 2022

Background: The number of patients with obesity undergoing various surgeries is increasing annually, and ventilation problems are highly prevalent in these patients. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate ventilation effectiveness with pressure-controlled (PC) and volume-controlled (VC) ventilation modes during laparoscopic bariatric surgery. Methods: In this open-label randomized crossover clinical trial, 40 adult patients with morbid obesity candidates for laparoscopic bariatric surgery were assigned to VC-PC or PC-VC groups. Each patient received both ventilation modes sequentially for 15 min during laparoscopic surgery in a random sequence. Every 5 min, exhaled tidal volume, peak and mean airway pressure, oxygen saturation, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and end-tidal CO2 were recorded. Blood gas analysis was done at the end of 15 min. Dynamic compliance, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, P (A-a) O2 gradient, respiratory dead space, and PaCO2-ETCO2 gradient were calculated according to the obtained results. Results: The study included 40 patients with a mean age of 35.13 ± 9.06 years. There were no significant differences in peak and mean airway pressure, dynamic compliance, and hemodynamic parameters (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two ventilation modes in pH, PaCO2, PaO2, PaO2/FIO2, dead space volume, and D (A-a) O2 at different time intervals (P > 0.05). Conclusions: If low tidal volumes are used during adult laparoscopic bariatric surgery, mechanical ventilation with PC mode is not superior to VC mode.
Clinical Response to Treatment with Teriparatide in an Adolescent with Osteoporosis-Pseudoglioma Syndrome (OPPG): A Case Report
Authors: Homaei Ali , Chegini Victoria , Saffari Fatemeh
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome (OPPG) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe osteoporosis and eye abnormalities that leads to vision loss. In this study, we report the outcome of a short period of treatment with teriparatide in one patient with OPPG. Case Presentation: The patient was a 17-year-old girl who suffered a bone fracture at the age of two and was diagnosed with OPPG at the age of three. Genetic testing was performed for the patient, and a novel homozygous nonsense mutation (c.351G>A) in exon 2 of the LRP5 gene was reported. She was treated with pamidronate, but the bone fracture increased, and the disability progressed. Therefore, at the age of 11 years and nine months, teriparatide was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 20 micrograms per day for four consecutive months. After the treatment with teriparatide, physical activity was achieved, and no further fractures were observed besides the gradual rise in bone mineral density (BMD) (from 0.532 to 0.711 gr/cm2 in lumbar spine and 0.372 to 0.635 gr/cm2 in femur neck). Conclusions: In children and adolescents diagnosed with OPPG who do not respond to other conventional therapies, short courses of teriparatide therapy may be helpful.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Effects on the Occurrence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A Review
Authors: Mohammadi Mohammad Javad , Goudarzi Gholamreza , Fouladi Dehaghi Behzad , Zarea Kourosh , Hormati Maryam , Taherian Masoume , Kiani Fatemeh
Published: April 2022

Background: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the most important compounds that cause adverse health outcomes in humans, such as poor lung function, bronchitis, asthma, shortness of breath, circulatory disorders, lung cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and mortality. Objectives: This review aims to investigate the effects of PAHs on the occurrence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: A narrative review of the literature was done from 1979 to 2021 in various databases: Science Direct, PubMed, Web of Science, Springer, and Google Scholar. We found 76 and 14 articles by searching the databases and other sources, respectively. Twelve articles were included after screening. The literature indicates the significant adverse effect of PAHs on the occurrence of COPD. Results: Heavy industries (oil, steel, gas, and petroleum) are the primary sources of PAHs. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons induce respiratory diseases, as they are destructive to the lung, leading to COPD. Sex, age, nutritional status, health, duration of exposure to PAHs, and body response to the pollutants affect the complications. Conclusions: High PAH levels can increase the risk of COPD, respiratory diseases, and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR).
The NIST 20 MW Calorimetry Measurement System :
Authors: Bryant Rodney A
Published: April 2022

Exhaust flow measurements have been found to be a significant source of uncertainty for measurements of heat release rate in large-scale fire experiments. Asymmetric or skewed velocity distributions are often present in the exhaust ducts for open calorimetry systems used in large-fire research facilities, therefore making it difficult to measure exhaust flow accurately. Tracer gas dilution is a standard test method for determining volume flow in ducts. It is not sensitive to flow distribution and is derived from measurements independent of most flow monitoring techniques. Therefore, it is well suited for in-line calibrations of flow measurement devices in the exhaust ducts of facilities conducting large-scale fire experiments. For the first time, the method has been applied to calibrate the routine exhaust flow measurements at the National Fire Research Laboratory as a means to reduce the measurement uncertainty associated with open calorimetry systems. Measurement uncertainty for the calibration is estimated at 3 % and accounts for potential error due to incomplete mixing of the tracer. Multi-port sampling of the tracer, which is not part of the existing standard test method, is also demonstrated as a means to reduce the potential for measurement error due to incomplete mixing. Exhaust velocity and mass flow are necessary to compute heat release rate, and both are determined by averaging pitot probes installed in the exhaust ducts. An in-line calibration of the averaging pitot probes was conducted using tracer gas dilution. Measurement uncertainty for calibrated exhaust velocity and calibrated mass flow is estimated at 3 %. The in-line calibration of the exhaust flow measurement is an improvement over the accepted practice of comparing oxygen consumption calorimetry with heat release rate measured at a gas burner to develop a correction for the flow measurement. It is valid for a wide range of flow conditions and decouples measurement error between oxygen consumption calorimetry and fuel consumption calorimetry; therefore improving overall measurement accuracy for heat release rate.
Filosofiens kritiske, demokratiske og etiske dannelsespotentiale i skolen
Authors: Kristensen Lisa Rygaard Frost , Madsen Henrik
Published: April 2022

ResuméDenne artikel tematiserer filosofi med børn i skolen med særligt fokus på, hvilke potentialer filosofiundervisning kan have i forhold til dannelse. I den sammenhæng identificeres tre dannelsesområder, som filosofiundervisningen i særdeleshed kan understøtte, og som er til gavn på tværs af skolens fag: kritisk dannelse, demokratisk dannelse og etisk dannelse. Artiklen fungerer dels som en teoretisk indkredsning af disse dannelsespotentialer og er dels knyttet til praktiske eksemplificeringer fra filosofiundervisning i forbindelse med et aktionsforskningsforløb gennemført i den danske grundskole.

Abstract (UK)This article thematizes philosophy with children in school with special reference to the potentials which philosophy might have in terms of formation. In relation to this, we identify three specific areas of formation which philosophy may promote: critical formation, democratic formation, and ethical formation. These, we argue, are valuable across all subjects in school. This article presents a theoretical encirclement of these areas of formation and draws on empirical data from an action research project in the Danish primary school.
Clinical association between serum cholesterol level and the size of xanthelasma palpebrarum
Authors: Kim Young Geun , Oh Jae Wook , Lee Keun Cheol , Yoon Sung Ho
Published: April 2022

Background: Xanthelasma palpebrarum (XP) is a benign periorbital lesion. The relationship between xanthelasma lesion size and serum cholesterol levels has been poorly studied. In this study, we investigated this relationship in the context of the clinical etiology of XP. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records and pathology reports of all patients treated for XP at our hospital between June 2014 and June 2021; the data were used to analyze lesion size, underlying disease, serum cholesterol, and disease recurrence.Results: The mean values for patient age, serum cholesterol, and lesion size were 53.0 years, 235.0 mg/dL, and 69.2 mm2, respectively. XP mainly occurred in women (64.7%); furthermore, the incidence of XP and lesion size was greatest among patients in their 5th decade of life (41.2%). There was no statistically significant relationship between xanthelasma lesion size and serum cholesterol level.Conclusion: This study compared lesion size with various clinical features in XP patients. In patients who underwent surgery for XP, serum cholesterol levels tended to be higher than those in the general population. However, the trend between the size of XP and serum cholesterol level was unclear. Therefore, if a patient with XP visits the hospital for surgery, it is recommended to check the lipid profile to confirm underlying dyslipidemia regardless of the size.
Simmel, the Emotions and the Tragic Nature of the Love Bond
Authors: Cerulo Massimo
Published: April 2022

The aim of this essay is to analyze the sociological study of emotions produced by Georg Simmel, with specific attention to the concept of love. The article is structured as follows: in the first part, what could be defined as ‘Simmel's sociology of emotions’ is presented through a descriptive and interpretative analysis of the constructed social theory; in the second part, the focus shifts to love as emotion, emphasizing its tragic character within the construction and destruction of the social bond. Finally, in the third part, a comparison with the sociological analysis of love produced by two contemporary researchers such as Eva Illouz – love as a result of the dynamics conveyed by ‘emotional capitalism’ – and Danilo Martuccelli – love as an ‘emotional imperative’ of contemporary daily life - will be produced. The common thread of the entire essay is exactly the tragic character of the emotion of love, which allows both the construction and the destruction of the social bond, through an ambivalent interactional game that seems to have no end.
Simmel and Marx: Complementary Relational Approaches to Romantic Love. A Feminist Revisitation
Authors: Sabido Ramos Olga
Published: April 2022

The main purpose of this article is to re-examine the legacy of Marx and Simmel for the study of romantic love from a feminist perspective. I am interested in the relational legacy these two authors provide for the study of the affective sphere. Specifically, I am interested in highlighting how both offer analytical inputs to consider the relationships between love, power, and conflict. I attempt to answer the following questions: What do Marx and Simmel postulate when they talk about love? What is the complementary contribution of their proposals considering recent studies on love from a feminist perspective? While Marx allows us to incorporate the socio-structural and historical level – specifically the material dimension –, Simmel allows us to incorporate the social process and symbolic exchange – specifically the cultural dimension – to think about the affective dimension of social ties and love as social bond. I consider that from this analytical and political perspective, the Marxist-Simmelian legacy provides a thought-provoking program for the relational analysis of affects, emotions and love.
Simmel, Love and the Foreigner: Is Love Between Borders a Love Without Limits?
Authors: Zanini Maria Catarina Chitolina , Kessler Cláudia Samuel
Published: April 2022

In this article, we reflect on the importance of the work of the German sociologist and philosopher Georg Simmel (1858-1918). We focus on reflections about love in certain mobility processes. Starting from a theoretical discussion about love in the Simmelian work, we unfold it to think about love in contexts of broader mobility. The Simmelian love, therefore, serves as an analytical basis that articulates the experiences of people in different geographical areas. Starting from the idea of frontier and limitation, we situate this analytical reflection in the contemporary pandemic context, when mobility and the lack of it also became more complex. Reflecting on love, in the midst of this sanitary crisis context, this discussion becomes extremely necessary and, in this aspect, Simmel proves to be a revealing author when it comes to the existing possibilities. His work contributes to the understanding of certain processes of interaction and mobility. In addition, we aim to review the notion of foreigner developed by Simmel, and think, to what extent, it is applicable to understand the dynamics inherent in the crossings between love and mobility. In the scenario of contemporary affective relationships, it is emphasized how much Simmel’s work is still fertile to comprehend certain feelings, emotions and perspectives. In the transnational context, in which time and spaces are constantly resized through access to new information, communication technologies and possibilities for creating and maintaining diverse bonds, the Simmelian perspective can very much lead us to a better interpretive notion of love in a context of mobility and immobility.
Development and characterization of new tools for detecting poly(ADP-ribose) in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Challa Sridevi , Ryu Keun W , Whitaker Amy L , Abshier Jonathan C , Camacho Cristel V , Kraus W Lee
Published: April 2022

ADP-ribosylation (ADPRylation) is a reversible post-translation modification resulting in the covalent attachment of ADP-ribose (ADPR) moieties on substrate proteins. Naturally occurring protein motifs and domains, including WWEs, PBZs, and macrodomains, act as ‘readers’ for protein-linked ADPR. Although recombinant, antibody-like ADPR detection reagents containing these readers have facilitated the detection of ADPR, they are limited in their ability to capture the dynamic nature of ADPRylation. Herein, we describe and characterize a set of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) Trackers (PAR-Ts)—optimized dimerization-dependent or split-protein reassembly PAR sensors in which a naturally occurring PAR binding domain, WWE, was fused to both halves of dimerization-dependent GFP (ddGFP) or split Nano Luciferase (NanoLuc), respectively. We demonstrate that these new tools allow the detection and quantification of PAR levels in extracts, living cells, and living tissues with greater sensitivity, as well as temporal and spatial precision. Importantly, these sensors detect changes in cellular ADPR levels in response to physiological cues (e.g., hormone-dependent induction of adipogenesis without DNA damage), as well as xenograft tumor tissues in living mice. Our results indicate that PAR Trackers have broad utility for detecting ADPR in many different experimental and biological systems.
Reconstitution of surface lipoprotein translocation through the Slam translocon
Authors: Huynh Minh Sang , Hooda Yogesh , Li Yuzi Raina , Jagielnicki Maciej , Lai Christine Chieh-Lin , Moraes Trevor F
Published: April 2022

Surface lipoproteins (SLPs) are peripherally attached to the outer leaflet of the outer membrane in many Gram-negative bacteria, playing significant roles in nutrient acquisition and immune evasion in the host. While the factors that are involved in the synthesis and delivery of SLPs in the inner membrane are well characterized, the molecular machinery required for the movement of SLPs to the surface are still not fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the translocation of a SLP TbpB through a Slam1-dependent pathway. Using purified components, we developed an in vitro translocation assay where unfolded TbpB is transported through Slam1-containing proteoliposomes, confirming Slam1 as an outer membrane translocon. While looking to identify factors to increase translocation efficiency, we discovered the periplasmic chaperone Skp interacted with TbpB in the periplasm of Escherichia coli. The presence of Skp was found to increase the translocation efficiency of TbpB in the reconstituted translocation assays. A knockout of Skp in Neisseria meningitidis revealed that Skp is essential for functional translocation of TbpB to the bacterial surface. Taken together, we propose a pathway for surface destined lipoproteins, where Skp acts as a holdase for Slam-mediated TbpB translocation across the outer membrane.
Allosteric cooperation in β-lactam binding to a non-classical transpeptidase
Authors: Ahmad Nazia , Dugad Sanmati , Chauhan Varsha , Ahmed Shubbir , Sharma Kunal , Kachhap Sangita , Zaidi Rana , Bishai William R , Lamichhane Gyanu , Kumar Pankaj
Published: April 2022

L,D-transpeptidase function predominates in atypical 3 → 3 transpeptide networking of peptidoglycan (PG) layer in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Prior studies of L,D-transpeptidases have identified only the catalytic site that binds to peptide moiety of the PG substrate or β-lactam antibiotics. This insight was leveraged to develop mechanism of its activity and inhibition by β-lactams. Here, we report identification of an allosteric site at a distance of 21 Å from the catalytic site that binds the sugar moiety of PG substrates (hereafter referred to as the S-pocket). This site also binds a second β-lactam molecule and influences binding at the catalytic site. We provide evidence that two β-lactam molecules bind co-operatively to this enzyme, one non-covalently at the S-pocket and one covalently at the catalytic site. This dual β-lactam-binding phenomenon is previously unknown and is an observation that may offer novel approaches for the structure-based design of new drugs against M. tuberculosis.
The interferon-inducible GTPase MxB promotes capsid disassembly and genome release of herpesviruses
Authors: Serrero Manutea C , Girault Virginie , Weigang Sebastian , Greco Todd M , Ramos-Nascimento Ana , Anderson Fenja , Piras Antonio , Hickford Martinez Ana , Hertzog Jonny , Binz Anne , Pohlmann Anja , Prank Ute , Rehwinkel Jan , Bauerfeind Rudolf , Cristea Ileana M , Pichlmair Andreas , Kochs Georg , Sodeik Beate
Published: April 2022

Host proteins sense viral products and induce defence mechanisms, particularly in immune cells. Using cell-free assays and quantitative mass spectrometry, we determined the interactome of capsid-host protein complexes of herpes simplex virus and identified the large dynamin-like GTPase myxovirus resistance protein B (MxB) as an interferon-inducible protein interacting with capsids. Electron microscopy analyses showed that cytosols containing MxB had the remarkable capability to disassemble the icosahedral capsids of herpes simplex viruses and varicella zoster virus into flat sheets of connected triangular faces. In contrast, capsids remained intact in cytosols with MxB mutants unable to hydrolyse GTP or to dimerize. Our data suggest that MxB senses herpesviral capsids, mediates their disassembly, and thereby restricts the efficiency of nuclear targeting of incoming capsids and/or the assembly of progeny capsids. The resulting premature release of viral genomes from capsids may enhance the activation of DNA sensors, and thereby amplify the innate immune responses.
Skeletal variation in bird domestication: limb proportions and sternum in chicken, with comparisons to mallard ducks and Muscovy ducks
Authors: Herrera-Castillo Carlos Manuel , Geiger Madeleine , Núñez-León Daniel , Nagashima Hiroshi , Gebhardt-Henrich Sabine , Toscano Michael , Sanchez-Villagra Marcelo R.
Published: April 2022

Background

Domestication, including selective breeding, can lead to morphological changes of biomechanical relevance. In birds, limb proportions and sternum characteristics are of great importance and have been studied in the past for their relation with flight, terrestrial locomotion and animal welfare. In this work we studied the effects of domestication and breed formation in limb proportions and sternum characteristics in chicken (Gallus gallus), mallard ducks (Anas plathyrhynchos) and Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata).

Methods

First, we quantified the proportional length of three long bones of the forelimb (humerus, radius, and carpometacarpus) and the hind limb (femur, tibiotarsus, and tarsometatarsus) in domestic chickens, mallard ducks, and Muscovy ducks and their wild counterparts. For this, we took linear measurements of these bones and compared their proportions in the wildvs.the domestic group in each species. In chicken, these comparisons could also be conducted among different breeds. We then evaluated the proportional differences in the context of static and ontogenetic allometry. Further, we compared discrete sternum characteristics in red jungle fowl and chicken breeds. In total, we examined limb bones of 287 specimens and keel bones of 63 specimens.

Results

We found a lack of significant change in the proportions of limb bones of chicken and Muscovy duck due to domestication, but significant differences in the case of mallard ducks. Variation of evolvability, allometric scaling, and heterochrony may serve to describe some of the patterns of change we report. Flight capacity loss in mallard ducks resulting from domestication may have a relation with the difference in limb proportions. The lack of variation in proportions that could distinguish domestic from wild forms of chicken and Muscovy ducks may reflect no selection for flight capacity during the domestication process in these groups. In chicken, some of the differences identified in the traits discussed are breed-dependent. The study of the sternum revealed that the condition of crooked keel was not unique to domestic chicken, that some sternal characteristics were more frequent in certain chicken breeds than in others, and that overall there were no keel characteristics that are unique for certain chicken breeds. Despite some similar morphological changes identified across species, this study highlights the lack of universal patterns in domestication and breed formation.
Influence of Bio-fertilizers and Levels of Phosphorus on Growth and Yield of Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata L.)
Authors: Revathi Dasari , Singh Vikram , George Shruti Grace , Vivek .
Published: April 2022

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2021 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P). The soil of experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.1), low in organic carbon (0.36 %), available N (171.48 kg/ha), available P (15.2 kg/ha) and available K (232.5 kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with ten treatments each replicated thrice on the basis of one year experimentation. The treatments which are T1: Rhizobium + Phosphorous 30kg/ha, T2: Rhizobium + Phosphorous 40kg/ha, T3: Rhizobium + Phosphorous 50kg/ha, T4: PSB + Phosphorous 30kg/ha, T5: PSB + Phosphorous 40kg/ha, T6: PSB + Phosphorous 50kg/ha, T7: Rhizobium + PSB +Phosphorous 30kg/ha, T8: Rhizobium + PSB +Phosphorous 40kg/ha, T9: Rhizobium + PSB +Phosphorous 50kg/ha are used. The results showed that application of Rhizobium + PSB + Phosphorous 50kg/ha was recorded significantly Higher Plant height (83.89 cm), Nodules/Plant (24.84), Branches/plant (4.24), Plant dry weight (18.29 g/plant), Crop growth rate (5.78 g/m2/day), Relative growth rate (0.0106 g/g/day), No. of Pods/plant (9.24), No. of Seeds/pod (11.25), Test weight (131.36 g), Seed yield (828.65 kg/ha), Stover yield (1282.58 kg/ha) and Harvest index (39.64) as compared to other treatments.
Evaluation of Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids Under Agroclimatic Conditions of Prayagraj, U.P.
Authors: Begum Shaik Sharmila , Singh Vikram , George Shruti Grace , Vivek . , Sruthi Akkenapally
Published: April 2022

The field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2021 at Crop Research Farm Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P.). The experiment was carried out to find the performance of 10 hybrids, which laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) & replicated thrice. The soil of experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (PH 7.8), low in organic carbon (0.35%), available N (243.00 kg/ha), available P(20.10 kg/ha), available K(105.00 kg/ha). The hybrid UM-11 recorded significantly higher in plant height, number of leaves, dry weight. The hybrid UM-11 also recorded significantly higher in yield and yield attributes viz. cobs per plant (No.), cob length (cm), rows per cob (No.), grains per row (No.), seed yield and stover yield. Higher gross return, net return and B:C ratio was also observed in hybrid UM-11.
Internal Audit and its Role in Improving the Process the Banking Risk Managing: A Field Study
Authors: Abbas Zuhair Khudhair
Published: April 2022

The study deals with the role of internal audit in improving the process of banking risk managing. For the sake of meeting the objectives of the study, a questionnaire is prepared. The questionnaire includes the effectiveness of internal audit, as well as the reduction of banking risks, in terms of the research community as represented by private banks listed in the Iraqi Stock Exchange. There are (80) copies distributed to the chairmen and members of the board of directors, employees of the accounting departments and executives. About (69) copies are retrieved, (65) copies of which are valid for statistical analysis. The statistical analysis packages (SPSS) are used to analyze the data. The study reached several results, including: The internal auditor provides adequate services for the bank that contribute to the process of risk management, which leads to the improvement of indicators` performance in the bank. All employees in the bank have good experience and qualifications. The internal auditor works to develop and support the bank’s human resources. The study recommends: Encouraging the legal authorities’ which are interested in the internal audit profession in terms of its independence as well as the qualifications of employees. In addition to following up the technical developments that occur on international auditing standards and their relationship to risk management.
Development of a Fire Smoke Detector that Satisfies the UL 268 (7th Edition) Fire Sensitivity Tests
Authors: Jung Jongjin , Kim Chongtai
Published: April 2022

In this study, we developed a multi-sensor fire detector that satisfies the revised requirements of the cooking nuisance test, polyurethane foam fire test, and polyurethane foam smoldering smoke test of UL 268, and the special program, UL 268 (7th edition), at the Underwriters Laboratories (UL) headquarters in Northbrook, Illinois, United States. The fire detection algorithm was confirmed using the "Research Preliminary Test" program. Our fire detector was evaluated in a dark room with a smoke detector consisting of photoelectric, carbon monoxide, and ionization sensors, and was mounted on a board. In addition, the upper case of the detector is designed to have sufficient space on its top and side surfaces to allow the flow of air and combustion gases. As a result, in the polyurethane foam fire test, the detector triggered an alarm (within 3 min) before the smoke concentration reached 5%/ft (after 3-4 min); thus, satisfying the requirements of the UL 268 polyurethane foam fire test. In the polyurethane foam smoldering smoke test, the detector was operated for 22-26 min before the smoke concentration reached 12%/ft (after 26 min), thus satisfying the requirements of the UL 268 polyurethane foam smoldering smoke test. Lastly, in the cooking nuisance test, the detector was operated for 16-18 min before the smoke concentration reached 1.5%/ft (after 16 min), thus satisfying the requirements of the UL 268 cooking nuisance test. It can be concluded that the results of this study will be useful for the developers of similar products who want to obtain UL certification in the future.
Water Level Prediction of Small and Medium-Sized Rivers Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Lee Jeongha , Hwang Seokhwan
Published: April 2022

Typhoons and rainy seasons are typically a frequent occurrence in Korea’s summer climate (June to August); however, the frequency of local heavy rains has increased in recent years owing to climate change. These heavy rains are characterized by substantial rainfall within a short period of time, causing flash flooding. This in turn causes the water level of small and medium-sized rivers with a narrow river channel to increase rapidly, resulting in considerable damage. The rainfall-runoff model is a physical model that is used to predict the river level of most large rivers according to rainfall events, and damage is consequently minimized through flood forecasting and warning. However, data construction on small and medium-sized rivers is insufficient compared to that on large rivers, thereby leading to difficulties in accurate flood forecasting and warning through physical models. This study, therefore, attempts to predict the river level of small and medium-sized rivers using minimal information provided by the Ministry of Environment and artificial neural networks.
Production of Antibacterial Activity and Bone Cell Proliferation by Surface Engineering of Ga‐ or Mn‐Doped Ceria‐Coated Biomedical Titanium Alloy
Authors: Khosravanihaghighi Ayda , Koshy Pramod , Yasir Muhammad , Romanazzo Sara , Lovric Vedran , Kilian Kristopher Alan , Willcox Mark Duncan , Walsh William Robert , Sorrell Charles Christopher
Published: April 2022

The present work reports a detailed interpretation of the role of Ga and Mn dopants, solid solubility mechanisms, charge compensation mechanisms, intervalence charge transfer, antibacterial performance, and cell attachment and proliferation. Sol–gel undoped and doped (1, 5, and 9 mol%) CeO2films are spin‐coated on 3D printed Ti6Al4V biomedical alloy substrates and annealed at 650 °C for 2 h in air. Material characterization includes scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 3D scanning laser confocal microscopy, glancing angle X‐ray diffraction (GAXRD), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In vitro testing includes inhibition of bacterial growth, simulated body fluid (SBF) testing, and cell attachment and proliferation studies. The most significant outcome is that the bioactivity of ceria derives directly from the Ce3+concentration, which itself results from solid solubility (substitutional and interstitial) and charge compensation and redox. This challenges the common assumption of the dominance of oxygen vacancies in the performance of ceria. The antibacterial activity is dependent on the type, amount, and valence of the dopant, where opposite trends are observed for gram‐positiveStaphylococcus aureusand gram‐negativeEscherichia colibacteria. All of the doped samples result in enhanced cell proliferation, although this is greatest at the lowest dopant concentration. Surface hydroxyapatite formation on the samples is achieved by soaking in SBF at 2 weeks and 1 month.
Microstructures and Properties of In Situ (TiB2p+TiBw)/Cu Composites with Different Ce Content
Authors: Cao Fei , Zhang Xingde , Dong Gezhi , Jiang Yihui , Gao Fan , Cai Pengtao , Wang Tongmin , Liang Shuhua
Published: April 2022

(TiB2p + TiBw)/Cu composites are prepared by in situ reaction casting. The effect of Ce content on the microstructures, electrical conductivity, and tensile strength of (TiB2p + TiBw)/Cu composites are studied. The results show that the right amount of Ce can significantly refine the reinforcements and the copper matrix grains, and improve the morphology and distribution of the reinforcements. Correspondingly, the electrical conductivity and tensile strength of the composites also vary with the Ce contents, but the excess Ce can result in a deterioration of microstructures and properties, and the reasons are also discussed. Finally, a better comprehensive property (78.4 %IACS and 671 MPa) is obtained when the Ce content is 0.04 wt%, which is consistent with the microstructures.
Partial Sulfidation Strategy to NiFe‐LDH@FeNi2S4 Heterostructure Enable High‐Performance Water/Seawater Oxidation
Authors: Tan Lei , Yu Jiangtao , Wang Chao , Wang Haifeng , Liu Xien , Gao Hongtao , Xin Liantao , Liu Dongzheng , Hou Wanguo , Zhan Tianrong
Published: April 2022

The development of a high‐performance electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is imperative but challenging. Here, a partial sulfidation route to construct Ni2Fe‐LDH/FeNi2S4 heterostructure on nickel foam (Ni2Fe‐LDH/FeNi2S4/NF) by adjusting the hydrothermal duration is reported. The heterostructures afford abundant hydroxide/sulfide interfaces that offer plentiful active sites, rapid charge and mass transfer, favorable adsorption energy to oxygenated species (OH− and OOH) evidenced by the density functional theory calculations, which synergistically boost the alkaline water oxidation. In the 1.0 m KOH solution, Ni2Fe‐LDH/FeNi2S4/NF exhibits an excellent OER catalytic activity with a much smaller overpotential (240 mV) to reach the current density of 100 mA cm−2 than single‐phase Ni2Fe‐LDH/NF (279 mV) or FeNi2S4/NF (271 mV). More impressively, 2000 cycles of cyclic voltammetry scan for water oxidation results in the formation of a sulfate layer over the catalyst. The corresponding post‐catalyst demonstrates better OER activity and durability than the initial one in the alkaline simulated seawater electrolyte. The post‐Ni2Fe‐LDH/FeNi2S4/NF delivers smaller overpotential (250 mV) at 100 mA cm−2 and longer stability time than the original form (260 mV). The post‐formed sulfate passivating layer is responsible for the outstanding corrosion resistance of the salty‐water oxidation anode since it can effectively repel chloride.
Carbon Nitride Thin Film‐Sensitized Graphene Field‐Effect Transistor: A Visible‐Blind Ultraviolet Photodetector
Authors: Palanisamy Tamilarasan , Mitra Somak , Batra Nitinkumar , Smajic Jasmin , Emwas Abdul‐Hamid , Roqan Iman , Costa Pedro M. F. J.
Published: April 2022

Ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors often suffer from the lack of spectral selectivity due to strong interference from visible light. In this study, the exceptional electrical properties of graphene and the unique optical properties of carbon nitride thin films (CNTFs) are used to design visible‐blind UV photodetectors. First, polycrystalline CNTFs with different thicknesses (12–94 nm) are produced by thermal vapor condensation. Compared to the bulk carbon nitride powder, these films have a considerable sp2 nitrogen deficiency, which is thickness dependent. In addition to showing a wider bandgap than the bulk counterpart, their optical absorption profile (in the ultraviolet–visible range) is unique. Critically, the absorbance falls sharply above 400 nm, making the CNTFs suitable for ultraviolet photodetection. As a result, graphene field‐effect transistors (GFETs) sensitized with CNTFs show 103 A W−1 responsivity to UV radiation, a stark contrast to the negligible value obtained in the visible spectrum. The effect of film thickness on the photoresponse is determined, with the thinner CNTF leading to much better device performance. The CNTF/GFET photodetectors are also characterized by their fast response and recovery times, 0.5 and 2.0 s, respectively. These findings pave a simple route for the development of sensitive, visible‐blind UV photodetectors.
A Decreasing Scaling Transition Scheme from Adam to SGD
Authors: Zeng Kun , Liu Jinlan , Jiang Zhixia , Xu Dongpo
Published: April 2022

Adaptive gradient algorithm and its variants, such as RMSProp, Adam, AMSGrad, etc., have been widely used in deep learning. Although these algorithms are faster in the early phase of training, their generalization performance is often not as good as stochastic gradient descent (SGD). Hence, a trade‐off method of transforming Adam to SGD after a certain iteration to gain the merits of both algorithms is theoretically and practically significant. To that end, a decreasing scaling transition scheme to achieve a smooth and stable transition from Adam to SGD, which is called DSTAdam. The convergence of the proposed DSTAdam is also proved in an online convex setting. Finally, the effectiveness of the DSTAdam is verified on the different datasets. The implementation is available at: https://github.com/kunzeng/DSTAdam.
Governing food safety through meso‐institutions: A cross‐country analysis of the dairy sector
Authors: Ménard Claude , Martino Gaetano , de Oliveira Gustavo Magalhães , Royer Annie , Saes Maria Sylvia Macchione , Schnaider Paula Sarita Bigio
Published: April 2022

This article builds on new institutional economics to characterize the functions played by meso‐institutions in bridging the gap between the macro‐institutional layer at which general rules are established and the micro‐institutional layer within which transactions are organized. The argument is substantiated through a comparative analysis of the regulatory settings designed to secure the safety of raw milk in Brazil, Canada, and Italy. We show that similar rules may lead to very different operational impact, depending on the arrangements through which these rules are implemented. The analysis also points out some consequences for the organization of supply chains and public policies.
Modifying effects of race and ethnicity and APOE on the association of physical activity with risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias
Authors: Park Song‐Yi , Setiawan Veronica Wendy , White Lon R. , Wu Anna H. , Cheng Iona , Haiman Christopher A. , Wilkens Lynne R. , Le Marchand Loїc , Lim Unhee
Published: April 2022

Introduction

We investigated whether the protective association of physical activity with risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) has genetic or behavioral variations.

Methods

In the Multiethnic Cohort, we analyzed moderate or vigorous physical activity (MVPA) reported at ages 45 to 75 among 88,047 participants in relation to 13,039 incident diagnoses of late‐onset ADRD identified in Medicare claims (1999 to 2014), by five racial and ethnic groups, hours sitting, and in a subset (16%), apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype.

Results

MVPA was inversely associated with ADRD (hazard ratio for ≥14 vs <2.5 hours/week: 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76 to 0.90 in men; 0.88, 5% CI: 0.81 to 0.95 in women). The association was inverse in all racial and ethnic groups except Black participants (P‐heterogeneity = 0.52), but stronger in individuals with lower levels of sitting duration or those who do not carry the APOE e4 risk allele.

Discussion

The different effects of physical activity by sitting duration and APOE genotype warrant further research.
Catalyst‐Dependent Stereospecific [3,3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement of Sulfoxide‐Ynamides: Divergent Synthesis of Chiral Medium‐Sized N,S‐Heterocycles
Authors: Zhu Guang‐Yu , Zhou Ji‐Jia , Liu Li‐Gao , Li Xiao , Zhu Xin‐Qi , Lu Xin , Zhou Jin‐Mei , Ye Long‐Wu
Published: April 2022

Medium‐sized N,S‐heterocycles have received tremendous interest due to their biological activities and potential medical applications. However, asymmetric synthesis of these compounds are extremely rare. Described herein is a catalyst‐dependent [3,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement of sulfoxide‐ynamides, enabling divergent and atom‐economic synthesis of a series of valuable medium‐sized N,S‐heterocycles in moderate to good yields with broad substrate scope. Importantly, excellent enantioselectivities have been achieved via an unprecedented chirality‐transfer. Moreover, theoretical calculations are employed to elucidate the origins of the catalyst‐dependent stereospecific [3,3]‐rearrangement.
Guest Alignment and Defect Formation during Pore Filling in Metal–Organic Framework Films
Authors: Baumgartner Bettina , Mashita Risa , Fukatsu Arisa , Okada Kenji , Takahashi Masahide
Published: April 2022

The degree of pore filling is an important parameter for defining guest@MOF properties in applications including electronics, optics, and gas separation. However, the interplay of key aspects of host–guest interactions, such as a quantitative description of the guest alignment or the structural integrity of the host as function of pore filling are yet to be determined. Polarisation‐dependent infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflection configuration combined with gas sorption allowed to simultaneously study the orientation of the guest molecule and structural changes of the MOF framework during the pore filling process. Thereby we found, that initially randomly oriented guest molecules align with increasing pore filling during adsorption from the gas phase. At the same time, the framework itself undergoes a reversible, guest molecule‐dependent rotation of the aromatic linker and a linker detachment process, which induce defects.
Toward openness and transparency to better facilitate knowledge creation
Authors: Mahony Simon
Published: April 2022

Changes in modes of publication over recent decades and moves to publish material freely and openly have resulted in increased amounts of research and scholarly outputs being available online. These include teaching and other material but consist mostly of research publications. There have been significant UK and European initiatives as part of the Open Agenda that facilitate and indeed mandate the move to open whether that is for educational materials, research output and data, or the mechanisms for ensuring the quality of these materials. A significant issue is that although making research outputs freely available is praiseworthy, without the data on which that research is based, reproducibility and so verification, which are fundamental principles of scholarly methodology, are not possible. When discrete datasets are linked openly and freely, are able to interact by using common standards, they become more powerful with extended possibilities for research questions that cross disciplinary divides and knowledge domains. There are always objections and resistance to new innovations, and open publication is no exception; published research, nevertheless, indicates that publishing material openly is becoming considered to be “good research practice” and that the positives of “new collaborations and higher citation” outweigh any perceived negative effects.
An International Collaborative Animal Study of the Carcinogenicity of Mobile Phone Radiofrequency Radiation: Considerations for Preparation of a Global Project
Authors: Ahn Young Hwan , Imaida Katsumi , Kim Yong‐Bum , Han Kang‐Hyun , Pack Jeong‐Ki , Kim Nam , Jeon Sang Bong , Lee Ae‐Kyoung , Choi Hyung Do , Wang Jianqing , Kawabe Mayumi , Kim Hye Sun
Published: April 2022

Radiofrequency radiation (RFR) was classified as a “possible” human carcinogen in 2011, which caused great public concern. A carcinogenicity study by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) found Code Division Multiple Access—and Global System for Mobile Communications—modulated mobile phone RFR to be carcinogenic to the brain and heart of male rats. As part of an investigation of mobile phone carcinogenesis, and to verify the NTP study results, a 5‐year collaborative animal project was started in Korea and Japan in 2019. An international animal study of this type has two prerequisites: use of the same study protocol and the same RF‐exposure system. This article discusses our experience in the design of this global study on radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF‐EMFs). Bioelectromagnetics. 43:218–224, 2022. © 2022 The Authors. Bioelectromagnetics published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Bioelectromagnetics Society.