bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SMAD2/3-SMYD2 and developmental transcription factors form positive feedback loops with cell cycle inhibitors to guide tissue formation
Authors: Militi Stefania , Nibhani Reshma , Pook Martin , Pauklin Siim
Published: February 2024

Tissue formation and organ homeostasis is achieved by precise coordination of proliferation and differentiation of stem cells and progenitors. While deregulation of these processes can result in degenerative disease or cancer, their molecular interplays remain unclear. Here we show that the switch of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) self-renewal to differentiation is associated with the induction of distinct Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitors (CDKIs). In hPSCs, Activin/Nodal/TGFβ signalling maintains CDKIs in a poised state via SMAD2/3-NANOG-OCT4-EZH2-SNON transcriptional complex. Upon gradual differentiation, CDKIs are induced by successive transcriptional complexes between SMAD2/3-SMYD2 and developmental regulators such as EOMES, thereby lengthening the G1 phase. This, in turn, induces SMAD2/3 transcriptional activity by blocking its linker phosphorylation. Such SMAD2/3-CDKI positive feedback loops drive the exit from pluripotency and stepwise cell fate specification that could be harnessed for producing cells for therapeutic applications. Our study uncovers fundamental mechanisms how cell fate specification is interconnected to cell cycle dynamics and provides insight to autonomous circuitries governing tissue self-formation.
Structure and equation of state of Ti-bearing davemaoite: New insights into the chemical heterogeneity in the lower mantle
Authors: Chao Keng-Hsien , Berrada Meryem , Wang Siheng , Peckenpaugh Juliana , Zhang Dongzhou , Chariton Stella , Prakapenka Vitali , Chen Bin
Published: February 2024

Davemaoite (CaSiO3 perovskite) is considered the third most abundant phase in the pyrolytic lower mantle and the second most abundant phase in the subducted mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB). During the partial melting of the pyrolytic upper mantle, incompatible titanium (Ti) becomes enriched in the basaltic magma, forming Ti-rich MORB. Davemaoite is considered an important Ti-bearing mineral in subducted slabs by forming a Ca(Si,Ti)O3 solid solution. However, the crystal structure and compressibility of Ca(Si,Ti)O3 perovskite solid solution at relevant pressure and temperature conditions had not been systematically investigated. In this study, we investigated the structure and equations of state of Ca(Si0.83Ti0.17)O3 and Ca(Si0.75Ti0.25)O3 perovskites at room temperature up to 82 and 64 GPa, respectively, by synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD). We found that both Ca(Si0.83Ti0.17)O3 and Ca(Si0.75Ti0.25)O3 perovskites have a tetragonal structure up to the maximum pressures investigated. Based on the observed data and compared to pure CaSiO3 davemaoite, both Ca(Si0.83Ti0.17)O3 and Ca(Si0.75Ti0.25)O3 perovskites are expected to be less dense up to the core-mantle boundary (CMB), and specifically ~1–2% less dense than CaSiO3 davemaoite in the pressure range of the transition zone (15–25 GPa). Our results suggest that the presence of Ti-bearing davemaoite phases may result in a reduction in the average density of the subducting slabs, which in turn promotes their stagnation in the lower mantle. The presence of low-density Ti-bearing davemaoite phases and subduction of MORB in the lower mantle may also explain the seismic heterogeneity in the lower mantle, such as large low shear velocity provinces (LLSVPs).
Elastic anomalies across the P21nm→Pnnm structural phase transition in δ-(Al,Fe)OOH
Authors: Satta Niccolò , Criniti Giacomo , Kurnosov Alexander , Ballaran Tiziana Boffa , Ishii Takayuki , Marquardt Hauke
Published: February 2024

Hydrogen may be recycled into the Earth’s lower mantle by subduction and stabilized in solid solutions between phase H (MgSiO4H2), δ-AlOOH, ε-FeOOH, and SiO2 post-stishovite. In high-pressure oxyhydroxide phases, hydrogen is incorporated following the typical (OHO) sequence, adopting the asymmetric configuration O-H···O that evolves into a symmetric disordered state upon compression. Moreover, these iron-bearing aluminum oxyhydroxides [δ-(Al,Fe)OOH] present a structural phase transition from P21nm to Pnnm as pressure increases. Here, the single-crystal elasticity of the P21nm phase of δ-(Al0.97Fe0.03)OOH has been experimentally determined across the P21nm→Pnnm transition up to 7.94(2) GPa by simultaneous single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Brillouin scattering at high pressures. The transition appears to be continuous, and it can be described with a second-, fourth-, and sixth-order terms Landau potential. Our results reveal an enhanced unit-cell volume compressibility, which is linked to an increase of the b- and a-axes linear compressibility in the P21nm phase of δ-(Al0.97Fe0.03)OOH prior to the transition. In addition, we observed the presence of elastic softening in the P21nm phase that mostly impacts the elastic stiffness coefficients c12, c22, and c23. The observed elastic anomalies cause a significant change in the pressure dependence of the adiabatic bulk modulus (KS). These results provide a better understanding of the relation between elasticity, P21nm→Pnnm structural phase transition, and hydrogen dynamics in δ-(Al0.97Fe0.03)OOH, which may be applied to other O-H···O-bearing phases.
Boundary signature of singularity in the presence of a shock wave
Authors: Horowitz Gary T. , Leung Henry , Queimada Leonel , Zhao Ying
Published: February 2024

Matter falling into a Schwarzschild-AdS black hole from the left causes increased focussing of ingoing geodesics from the right, and, as a consequence, they reach the singularity sooner. In a standard Penrose diagram, the singularity “bends down”. We show how to detect this feature of the singularity holographically, using a boundary two-point function. We model the matter with a shock wave, and show that this bending down of the singularity can be read off from a novel analytic continuation of the boundary two-point function. Along the way, we obtain a generalization of the recently proposed thermal product formula for two-point correlators.
Reduce, reuse, reinterpret: An end-to-end pipeline for recycling particle physics results
Authors: Stark Giordon , Aristimuno Ots Camila , Hance Mike
Published: February 2024

Searches for new physics at the Large Hadron Collider have constrained many models of physics beyond the Standard Model. Many searches also provide resources that allow them to be reinterpreted in the context of other models. We describe a reinterpretation pipeline that examines previously untested models of new physics using supplementary information from ATLAS Supersymmetry (SUSY) searches in a way that provides accurate constraints even for models that differ meaningfully from the benchmark models of the original analysis. The public analysis information, such as public analysis routines and serialized probability models, is combined with common event generation and simulation toolkits MADGRAPH, PYTHIA8, and DELPHES into workflows steered by TOML configuration files, and bundled into the mapyde Python package. The use of mapyde is demonstrated by constraining previously untested SUSY models with compressed sleptons and electroweakinos using ATLAS results.
Goods Storage Rental Application (YourStorage) Using the React Native Framework
Authors: Hardjanto Farhan Rifanto , Nugroho Aldi , Hidayat Faridz , Zulfikar Muhammad Taufiq
Published: February 2024

The increase in online business today with quite high transactions means that business actors who sell their merchandise through marketplaces need temporary storage space that does not have a place to store goods. Based on this, the aim of this research is to build a goods storage rental application to make it easier for business actors to rent storage space online with flexible time periods. This type of research is quantitative research where the system development method uses SCRUM and the software architecture used is service-oriented (Microservice). The results of this research are in the form of an Android-based mobile application and as many as 75% of business respondents feel that the “YourStorage” application can help, 68.75% (22) of respondents stated that the application could help in controlling where goods are stored and 71.87% (23) of respondents stated that the application could make it easier to store goods according to required size
Two-Layer Shallow Water Equations with Momentum Conservative Scheme for Wave Propagation Simulation
Authors: Ginting Maria Artanta , Suandi Dani , Dani Yasi
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we discuss the implementation of momentum conservative scheme to shallow water equations (SWE). In shallow water model, the hydrodynamic pressure of the water is neglected. Here, the numerical calculation of mass and momentum conservation was applied on a staggered grid domain. The vertical interval was divided into two parts which made the computation quite efficient and accurate. Our focus is on the performance of the numerical scheme in simulating wave propagation and run-up phenomena, where the main challenge is to calculate the wave speed accurately and to count the non-linear term of the model. Here we also considered the wet and dry conditions of the topography. Three benchmark tests were picked out to validate the numerical scheme. A simulation of standing wave was carried out; the results were compared to the linear analytical solution and show a good fit. In addition, a simulation of harmonic wave propagation on a sloping beach was conducted, and the results closely align with the expected values from exact solution. Finally, we carried out a simulation of solitary wave with a sloping topography; and the results were compared to laboratory data. A good agreement was observed between the simulation results and experimental measurements.
A foreign body complicated by tracheal perforation in the esophagus of a two-year-old child (clinical observation)
Authors: Sagitova G. R. , Avedisyan V. E. , Kalyanin V. M. , Ugai M. S. , Faradzhova D. M.
Published: February 2024

Foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract remain one of the significant problems in pediatric practice. Ingestion of foreign bodies is typical for children of all ages, but especially for the first 5 years of life. Due to the anatomical features of children, foreign bodies are often located at the level of the first physiological narrowing – in 68% of cases. The mortality rate from foreign bodies is 1%, but with the development of severe complications, this figure increases to 45%. A disc-shaped battery is the most dangerous one for health, as it is capable of causing local infiltrative-necrotic changes, perforation of the esophagus. Disc-shaped batteries as FB (foreign body) form up to 10% of the total number of foreign bodies of the gastrointestinal tract in children. Unfortunately, parents do not immediately seek medical help, since the symptoms indicating the presence of FB are often absent or may manifest as non-specific symptoms. Endoscopic examination serves as a key method in the diagnosis of ingested FB among children and its removal less than 24 hours after ingestion, since any delay reduces the probability of successful intraluminal extraction. This article discusses the clinical observation of a prolonged presence of a foreign body in the esophagus of a toddler child. The clinical course manifested itself in the form of nonspecific symptoms, a foreign body was detected only after a number of studies and was removed by endoscopic method. During the examination of the patient, in addition to the chest X-ray, esophagogastroduodenoscopy and a number of bronchoscopies were performed. Accessible and highly informative methods of instrumental diagnostics available in each clinic of the regional scale, today remain the first stage of the diagnosis of foreign bodies.
Drug therapy possibilities for various forms of chronic rhinitis accompanied by dry nose syndrome
Authors: Ryazantsev S. V. , Zakharova G. P. , Ivanov N. I.
Published: February 2024

Introduction. Dry nose syndrome is a polyetiological condition that is common among patients of all age groups from infancy to profoundly old age. The low effectiveness of treatment is associated with the progression of atrophic mucous membrane degeneration, which also affects the cartilaginous and bony parts of the nasal cavity. Significant impairment of the protective, respiratory and olfactory function leads to decreased quality of life of patients, delayed adaptation, and arrested psychosomatic and physical development of children. Herbal medications refer to the agents that have minimal toxicity and side effects and effectively facilitate the restoration of functional integrity of the mucous membrane.

Aim. To discuss the results of studies on the effectiveness of natural medicines in the treatment of patients with dry nose syndrome.

Materials and methods. We conducted a literature search and studied publications (articles and relevant abstracts) containing information on various diseases that are accompanied by dry nose syndrome, as well as therapeutic options for this syndrome in Russian and foreign databases. The material was selected according to the following keywords: dry nose syndrome, atrophic rhinitis, mint essential oil, pine essential oil, eucalyptus essential oil. The study was conducted using the search engines Scopus, PubMed, CyberLeninka, Elibrary.ru, Google Scholar.

Results and discussion. The study results suggested the potential and benefits of the topical use of a combination medicine containing essential oils of eucalyptus, mint, and pine as a treatment and prophylactic medication in patients with dry nose syndrome.

Conclusion. Dyshesol, a herbal medicine that is an oil solution, meets the requirements for complex pathogenetic therapy in patients with dry nose syndrome of various etiologies, and can be recommended as a preventive and therapeutic medication for all age groups, and children from the age of two.
Risk factors for severe community-acquired pneumonia in infants and preschool children
Authors: Sedova A. Y. , Malakhov A. B. , Shakhnazarova M. D. , Kolosova N.  G. , Taran A. M. , Manukian A. V. , Megeryan M. M. , Shishova A. V. , Aleksakova N. V.
Published: February 2024

Introduction. The relevance of studying community-acquired pneumonia in children is associated with its high prevalence, despite timely prevention and effective approaches to the treatment of respiratory diseases. Factors influencing the severity of pneumonia are diverse and include comorbid pathology, early age of the child, the state of the immune system, etc.

Objective. To identify and rank risk factors for severe community-acquired pneumonia in infants and preschool children.

Materials and methods. This article presents the results of a retrospective analysis of 291 medical histories of children from 3 months to 7 years with community-acquired pneumonia. 83 children had severe CAP, of which 63 patients were hospitalized in the ICU.

Results and discussion. The average age of a patient with community-acquired pneumonia was 33 months. Children from families with two or more children fell ill more often. On average, children were hospitalized for 4–5 days of illness. Concomitant diseases in children with CAP were quite common and often complicated the course of pneumonia. According to the results of our study, more than 70% of children were not vaccinated against pneumococcus, Haemophilus influenzae and influenza. We established significant linear relationships between the presence of bronchial obstruction and complications of CAP such as respiratory failure and transfer to the ICU (odds ratio (OR) 7.1; Cramer coefficient 0.40; relationship 0.005). It was shown that patients who received outpatient antibiotic therapy were less likely to require transfer to the ICU.

Conclusion. Risk factors for severe community-acquired pneumonia and hospitalization in the ICU were: male gender, age under 2 years, lack of vaccination against pneumococcus, Haemophilus influenzae and influenza, combination of bronchial obstruction with CAP, presence of ENT pathology, lack of antibacterial therapy during prehospital stage, as well as the presence of a serious condition already upon admission.
Adapted goat’s milk formula as an alternative to standard cow’s milk formula in healthy infants and in the presence of symptoms of gastrointestinal discomfort
Authors: Bogdanova N. M.
Published: February 2024

If mothers eat a balanced diet, their breast milk provides their babies with the high-quality nutrients essential for their growth, development and preservation of health. However, the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation finds that the percentage of infants that are breastfed at 3 to 6 months of age is 43.9% and at 6 to 12 months is 39.2%. At the same time, the average duration of exclusive breastfeeding is only 1 month as compared to 6 months recommended by the World Health Organization, predominant breastfeeding duration is 4 months, and the total duration is 10.6 months. There are a number of reasons and circumstances why an infant is deprived of mother’s milk. But the introduction of supplementary feeding or transition of an infant fully to formula feeding should be rigorously justified. The review presents current data on the composition of goat’s milk formula line. It noted its unique physicochemical properties as compared to the standard cow’s milk formulas. The effectiveness and benefits of using a goat’s milk formula have been shown not only in healthy infants, but also in the presence of minimal functional gastrointestinal symptoms. It highlights the features of the unique fat component of the modern goat’s milk formula with DigestX® lipid complex based on a vegetable oil complex using triglycerides of specific structure, which brings the product composition closer to the fatty-acid profile of the breast milk. The article also speaks about the structural individualization of goat milk: the predominance of low-molecular-weight proteins, low or zero levels of αS1-casein, the absence of β-A1-casein, the presence of oligosaccharides and relatively high natural levels of some vitamins and minerals.
Montelukast: results and prospects for applications in pediatric practice
Authors: Mizernitskiy Yu. L. , Petrova A. I.
Published: February 2024

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that more than 4 million children have been diagnosed with asthma. Currently, there is no treatment that could prevent the development of asthma or change its natural course over long-term follow-up. However, the disease can be controlled using treatments used in clinical practice. For persistent asthma in children aged 5 years and younger, low doses of inhaled glucocorticosteroids are recommended, as well as the administration of montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist. In addition, montelukast is prescribed to patients with allergic rhinitis as an alternative to or in combination with oral antihistamines or nasal corticosteroids. Leukotrienes are lipid mediators that play a key role in acute and chronic inflammation and allergic diseases. They exhibit their biological effects by binding to specific G-protein-coupled receptors. Each subtype of the leukotriene receptor has unique functions and expression patterns. Leukotrienes play an important role in various allergic diseases, including bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis. Montelukast is a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor-1 antagonist widely used to suppress the inflammatory response in asthma and allergic rhinitis. This review briefly summarizes the biology of leukotrienes and their receptors, recent developments in the field of antileukotriene drugs and the prospects for their different therapeutic applications. The role of antileukotriene drugs and key indications for the use of montelukast in the complex therapy of asthma and allergic rhinitis in children have been determined.
Peculiarities of treatment of dermatitis in young children
Authors: Sharova N. M. , Kukalo S. V.
Published: February 2024

The skin of children of the first years of life has a number of structural and physiological features that determine the development of inflammatory process and clinical picture of the disease. Inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis are common in children in the first two years of life. Atopic dermatitis (AD) develops in individuals with hereditary predisposition, has a chronic recurrent course, is characterized by itching, typical morphology and localization of lesions. The prevalence of atopic dermatitis is up to 20%. Contact allergic dermatitis develops on the background of monovalent sensitization, the prevalence is about 16.5%. The clinical picture depends on the severity of the inflammatory reaction and the duration of the disease. The main goal of treatment of allergodermatoses is to stop the signs of inflammation, subjective symptoms. External therapy of inflammatory skin diseases consists in the prescription of topical glucocorticosteroids. When choosing the means of external therapy, it is necessary to take into account the age of the patient, the degree of severity of the inflammatory process, localization of lesions, pharmacokinetics of the active substance and other factors. The article describes clinical cases of treatment of atopic dermatitis, contact allergic dermatitis in patients of the first two years of life using methylprednisolone aceponate with ceramides in the form of cream, ointment. High efficacy and safety of topical corticosteroids in infants in combination with emollients has been shown to rapidly reduce the intensity of inflammation and subjective symptoms.
Assessment of specificity of immunologic tests for detection of tuberculosis infection in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Aksenova V. A. , Dementyeva E. K. , Kazakov A. V. , Klevno N.  I. , Snovskaya M. A. , Zhuzhula A.  A. , Alyabieva N. M. , Kudlay D. A.
Published: February 2024

Introduction. The use of genetic engineering biological agents (GEBA) in the treatment of rheumatic diseases over the past decades has led to a significant improvement in the prognosis in this group of patients. However, against the background of anti-tumor necrosis factor α therapy (anti TNF-α), the risk of developing tuberculosis increases tenfold.

Aim. To evaluate the specificity and safety of Mantoux test, recombinant tuberculosis allergen (RTA) test, IGRA tests: TB-Feron IGRA, T-SPOT.TB, QuantiFERON-TB GIT in patients from 5 to 18 years of age, who are at risk for the development of tuberculosis, due to the use of immunosuppressive therapy, including GEBP.

Materials and methods. This clinical trial is a prospective single-center open-label study with 120 patients under observation. Girls predominated among the patients – 71 (59.2%), the average age was 12 years (95% CI [5.2–17.4]). As part of the treatment of the underlying disease, patients in the vast majority of cases (78.3%) received iFNO-α drugs: etanercept (67 people), adalimumab (25 people), golimumab (2 people).

Results and discussion. According to the results of a comprehensive medical examination, including CT scan of the chest organs, the presence of active tuberculosis was not established in any of the patients. A positive result of the RTA sample was registered in 0.8% of the subjects, Mantoux test in 46.6%, T-SPOT.TB – 1.7%, TB-Feron IGRA and QuantiFERON-TB GIT – 0.8% each. During the safety assessment, it was noted that within 28 days after the study, none of the 120 patients had any adverse events. Patients need appropriate screening before starting treatment and regular follow-up examinations.

Conclusions. The Mantoux test with 2 TE has low specificity (0.49), and the sample with RTA (0.99), TB-Feron IGRA (0.99), T-SPOT.TB (0.98) and QuantiFERON-TB GIT (0.99) are highly specific and safe as tests for detecting tuberculosis infection in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
Modifying gas transfer membranes with nanoscale zero-valent iron: effects on membrane material properties, treatment performance, and biofilm thickness
Authors: Hanay Özge , Aksoy Yunus , Çelik Aytekin , Yegin Mustafa
Published: February 2024

Excessive membrane biofilm growth on membrane fibers depends on various factors, with membrane properties playing a pivotal role in influencing microbial affinity for the membrane. To investigate the antibacterial impact of nano-sized zero-valent iron (nZVI) on membrane biofilm structure, pristine (polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)) only: HF-0 (PVDF:20/nZVI:0 w/w) and four gas transfer membranes (PVDF:nZVI at different concentrations: HF-1 (PVDF:20/nZVI:0.25 w/w), HF-2 (PVDF:20/nZVI:0.50 w/w), HF-3 (PVDF:20/nZVI:0.75 w/w), HF-4 (PVDF:20/nZVI:1.0 w/w)) were produced. These membranes were assessed for surface morphology, porosity, gas permeability, and biofilm thickness, which ultimately affect biochemical reaction rates in membrane biofilm reactors (MBfRs). Various MBfRs utilizing these gas transfer membranes were operated at different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) and oxygen pressures to assess chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency and nitrification performance. Incorporating nZVI into the PVDF polymer solution increased surface hydrophilicity and porosity but reduced Young's Modulus and oxygen diffusion coefficients. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analysis revealed an average biofilm thickness of 700 μm in HF-0, HF-1, and HF-3, with a 100 μm decrease in HF-2, even though Escherichia coli growth was observed in HF-3 fibers. Regardless of nZVI dosage, a significant decline in COD removal and nitrification rates occurred at low HRTs and gas pressures.
A Combination of Magnoflorine and Spinosin Improves the Antidepressant
effects on CUMS Mouse Model
Authors: Bi Fenghe , Wang Zhihui , Guo Yijing , Xia Menglin , Zhu Xuehui , Qiao Wei
Published: February 2024

Background:

Depression is a common neuropsychiatric disease. As a famous traditional Chinese
medicine with significant anti-depressive and sleep-promoting effects, Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS) has attracted
the attention of many researchers. Although it is well known that Magnoflorine (MAG) and Spinosin
(SPI) were the main active components isolated from ZSS, there is a lack of research on the combined treatment
of depression with these two ingredients.

Methods:

The shaking bottle method was used to simulate the human environment for detecting the changes
in oil-water partition coefficient before and after the drug combination. Cell viability was evaluated by the
MTT assay. To establish a mouse model of depression and insomnia by CUMS method, and then to explore
the effect of combined administration of MAG and SPI on depression in CUMS model by observing behavior
and analyzing pharmacokinetics.

Results:

The change in LogP values affected the lipid solubility of MAG and increased the water solubility of
SPI, allowing them to penetrate more easily through the blood-brain barrier into the brain. Compared with the
model group, MAG-SPI with a concentration of 60 μM significantly increased cell survival rate. In both the
TST and FST experiments, the mice showed a decrease in immobilization time. Pharmacokinetic results
showed that the pharmacokinetic parameters, Cmax and AUC of MAG and SPI, were increased in the case of
combination, which resulted in enhancement of their relative bioavailability and improvement of in vivo effects.

Conclusions:

The present study demonstrated that a combination of MAG and SPI had a synergistic antidepressant
effect in CUMS mouse model.
An Updated Review on Nanoemulsion: Factory for Food and Drug Delivery
Authors: Kumar Virender , Garg Vandana , Saini Nakul , Aggarwal Navidha , Kumar Harsh , Kumar Davinder , Chopra Hitesh , Kamal Mohammad Amjad , Dureja Harish
Published: February 2024

Background:

A nanoemulsion is a colloidal system of small droplets dispersed in
another liquid. It has attracted considerable attention due to its unique properties and various
applications. Throughout this review, we provide an overview of nanoemulsions and how they
can be applied to various applications such as drug delivery, food applications, and pesticide
formulations.

Objective:

This updated review aims to comprehensively overview nanoemulsions and their
applications as a versatile platform for drug delivery, food applications, and pesticide formulations.

Methods:

Research relevant scientific literature across various databases, including PubMed,
Scopus, and Web of Science. Suitable keywords for this purpose include "nanoemulsion," "drug
delivery," and "food applications." Ensure the search criteria include recent publications to ensure
current knowledge is included.

Results:

Several benefits have been demonstrated in the delivery of drugs using nanoemulsions,
including improved solubility, increased bioavailability, and controlled delivery. Nanoemulsions
have improved some bioactive compounds in food applications, including vitamins and antioxidants.
At the same time, pesticide formulations based on nanoemulsions have also improved
solubility, shelf life, and effectiveness.

Conclusion:

The versatility of nanoemulsions makes them ideal for drug delivery, food, and
pesticide formulation applications. These products are highly soluble, bioavailable, and targeted,
providing significant advantages. More research and development are required to implement
nanoemulsion-based products on a commercial scale.
Assessment of the Characteristics of Patent Foramen Ovale Associated with
Cryptogenic Stroke
Authors: Pu Hong , Zhang Qing , Wu Jing , Zhang Yuan , Zhao Yaxi , Li Ling
Published: February 2024

Objective:

This study aims to comprehensively assess the characteristics of patent foramen ovale (PFO) in relation to Cryptogenic Strok (CS) by utilizing
transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and contrast transthoracic echocardiography (c-TTE) and to identify high-risk factors associated with
PFO-related CS.

Background:

Transcatheter PFO closure has demonstrated its effectiveness in preventing PFO-related CS. Therefore, understanding the specific structural
attributes of PFO associated with CS is imperative.

Methods:

Enrollment comprised 113 test patients who experienced CS in conjunction with PFO and 117 control patients diagnosed with migraine with PFO
but without a history of stroke. The characteristics of the PFO were observed by TEE and c-TTE. A comparative analysis was undertaken to assess
the variations in PFO characteristics between the test patients and controls, and to uncover the independent factors relevant to CS.

Results:

The patients in the test group were older than the controls. Both the height and length of the PFO during Valsalva exhibited greater dimensions in
the test group when contrasted with controls. Notably, the test group presented higher incidence rates of low-angle PFO (defined as an angle
between the inferior vena cava (IVC) and PFO ≤ 10°) and atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) as contrasted with the control group. Right-to-left shunt
(RLS) III during Valsalva demonstrated a significantly elevated occurrence within the test group as opposed to the controls. Conversely, RLS II
during Valsalva exhibited a significantly higher frequency in the controls in contrast to the tests. No significant disparities were observed between
the two groups with respect to RLS I during Valsalva and all grades of RLS at rest. Multivariate analysis revealed that the length of the PFO during
Valsalva, the presence of ASA, RLS III during Valsalva and low-angle PFO were independent relevant factors associated with CS.

Conclusions:

The length of the PFO tunnel, low-angle PFO, RLS III during Valsalva and the presence of ASA were independent risk factors for CS. The
combined utilization of TEE and c-TTE may prove valuable in identifying PFO patients at a heightened risk of CS and in facilitating the screening
process for transcatheter PFO closure.
Fallopian Tube Leiomyoma Presenting as a Huge Abdominopelvic Cystic Mass:
A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Wu Juan , Wang Xiaofeng , Ye Na , Yan Xueliang , Zeng Xiangting , Nie Fang
Published: February 2024

Introduction:

Fallopian tube leiomyoma is an uncommon, benign gynecologic tumor that originates from the smooth muscle of the fallopian tube or vascular
cells supplying the fallopian tube.

Case Presentation:

In this study, we report a case of a patient with fallopian tube leiomyoma. What makes this instance even more unique is the association of the
leiomyoma with cystic degeneration, manifesting as a large abdominopelvic cystic mass. CT scan suspected that the mass might be an ovarian
cystadenoma. However, ultrasonography, a widely used diagnostic tool, effectively assisted the clinicians in confidently ruling out the possibility
that the tumor was originating from the ovaries. Ultimately, the patient underwent exploratory laparoscopy and the pathologic diagnosis was
fallopian tube leiomyoma with cystic degeneration. To our knowledge, no instance of a fallopian tube leiomyoma of this size with cystic
degeneration has been reported. Thus, it is worth mentioning.

Conclusion:

In summary, fallopian tube leiomyomas are classified as uncommon benign gynecologic tumors, which pose challenges in clinical diagnosis. The
combined use of multiple imaging modalities may be more helpful in the proper diagnosis of this disease entity.
MRI Manifestations of Breast Cancer Stroma and their Role in Predicting
Molecular Subtype: A Case-control Study
Authors: Wang Lanyun , Li Wenjing , Yang Wenjun , Sun Xilin , Ding Yi , Zhao Qian , Liu Weiyan , Xie Xiaoli , Xu Jingjing , Wei Ran , Zhu Shizhen , Ge Yaqiong , Wu Pu-Yeh , Song Bin
Published: February 2024

Objective:

This study explored whether breast MRI manifestations could be used to predict the stroma distribution of breast cancer (BC) and the role of tumor
stroma-based MRI manifestations in molecular subtype prediction.

Methods:

57 patients with pathologically confirmed invasive BC (non-special type) who had lumpy BC on MRI within one week before surgery were
retrospectively collected in the study. Stroma distributions were classified according to their characteristics in the pathological sections. The
stromal distribution patterns among molecular subtypes were compared with the MRI manifestations of BC with different stroma distribution types
(SDTs).

Results:

SDTs were significantly different and depended on the BC hormone receptor (HR) (P<0.001). There were also significant differences among five
SDTs on T2WI, ADC map, internal delayed enhanced features (IDEF), marginal delayed enhanced features (MDEF), and time signal intensity
(TSI) curves. Spiculated margin and the absence of type-I TSI were independent predictors for BC with star grid type stroma. The appearance
frequency of hypo-intensity on T2WI in HR- BCs was significantly lower (P=0.043) than in HR+ BCs. Star grid stroma and spiculated margin
were key factors in predicting HR+ BCs, and the AUC was 0.927 (95% CI: 0.867-0.987).

Conclusion:

Breast MRI can be used to predict BC's stromal distribution and molecular subtypes.
mSegResRF-SPECT: A Novel Joint Classification Model of Whole Body Bone
Scan Images for Bone Metastasis Diagnosis
Authors: Ji Bangning , He Gang , Wen Jun , Chen Zhengguo , Zhao Ling
Published: February 2024

Background:

Whole-body bone scanning is a nuclear medicine technique with high sensitivity used for the diagnosis of bone-related diseases [e.g., bone
metastases] that can be obtained by positron emission tomography[PET] or single-photon emission computed tomography[SPECT] imaging,
depending on the different radiopharmaceuticals used. In contrast to the high sensitivity of the bone scan, it has low specificity, which leads to
misinterpretation, causing adverse effects of unwarranted intervention or interruption to timely treatment

Objective:

To address this problem, this paper proposes a joint model called mSegResRF-SPECT, which accomplishes for the first time the task of classifying
whole-body bone scan images on a public SPECT dataset [BS-80K] for the diagnosis of bone metastases.

Methods:

The mSegResRF-SPECT adopts a multi-bone region segmentation algorithm to segment the whole body image into 13 regions, ResNet34 as an
extractor to extract the regional features, and a random forest algorithm as a classifier.

Results:

The experimental results of the proposed model show that the average accuracy, sensitivity, and F1 score of the model on the BS-80K dataset
reached SOTA.

Conclusion:

The proposed method presents a promising solution for better bone scan classification methods.
Poly-Thionine/SWCNT Nanocomposite Coated Electrochemical Sensor for Determination of Vitamin C
Authors: Dhanapalan Sangeetha , Magesh Vasanth , Atchudan Raji , Arya Sandeep , Ganapathy Dhanraj , Nallaswamy Deepak , Sundramoorthy Ashok K.
Published: February 2024

Background:

The electrochemical sensors convert biological or chemical information,
such as analyte concentration or a biomolecular (biochemical receptor) interaction, into
electrical signals. In this paper, we describe the development of a poly-thionine/ single-walled
carbon nanotube (P-Th/SWCNT) composite for the electrochemical detection of ascorbic acid
(vitamin C).

Methods:

To improve electrochemical performance, we attempted to electro-polymerize the
thionine monomers, an essential chemical building block, directly on the surface of singlewalled
carbon nanotubes (SWCNT).

Results:

Field Emission Scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy
(EDS) results revealed that a complex structure of the P-Th/SWCNT was formed. The
presence of carbon (C), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) components was confirmed,
which indicated the effective fusion of poly-thionine onto SWCNT. Moreover, the X-ray diffraction
(XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the composite formation.
Utilizing cyclic voltammetry, the composite's electrochemical behavior was examined.

Conclusions:

Excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of ascorbic acid was
shown by the P-Th/SWCNT composite. The as-prepared P-Th/SWCNT composite-modified
sensor can detect ascorbic acid in food, medical, and pharmaceutical samples.
Exploring the Contribution of Traditional Medicinal Herbs in ManagingPolycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Mali Abhijeet Shivshankar , Arulmozhi S.
Published: February 2024

:

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a significant gynecological disorder that commonly affects women of reproductive age. Disturbances in the
production and metabolism of androgens and estrogens mark the condition. Due to the rising occurrence of PCOS and its related physical and
psychological issues, along with the role of sex hormone fluctuations in its development, the use of marketed drugs is effective in treating PCOS
but is accompanied by negative consequences. Consequently, a significant number of individuals with PCOS are opting for natural remedies due to
the positive therapeutic effects associated with natural medications and the constraints of allopathic treatments. This review aims to assess the
impact of different herbs on alterations in sex hormone levels in the bloodstream and ovarian tissue. By conducting a comprehensive literature
search utilizing databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Crossref, we have gathered and analyzed pertinent information regarding the
efficacy of herbal remedies in combating PCOS. Based on the available evidence, herbs consisting of phytoestrogens can potentially reduce insulin
resistance, hyperandrogenism, and ovarian weight while facilitating ovulation. This review explores the importance of herbal remedies in
addressing PCOS, elucidates their mechanisms of action, and examines the therapeutic uses of specific herbal medications to treat PCOS. Human
studies on medicinal herbs for managing Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) need extended durations for a comprehensive evaluation of both
safety and efficacy, emphasizing the necessity for more long-term research. It is anticipated that this comprehensive review will serve as a valuable
resource for researchers studying the effect of herbs on PCOS, providing them with valuable insights and information.
Computational Modelling of Heat Transfer through Aluminium Metal
Foams for LiFePO4 Battery Cooling
Authors: P S Arjun , Perumal D. Arumuga
Published: February 2024

Temperature is crucial for battery pack durability and power. Folded fin and serpentine
channel cooling methods are mostly used to cool the pack. However, fluid absorption during cooling
can reduce capacity and cause downstream temperatures to be higher than upstream. Consistent
cooling is vital to prevent temperature variation and increase battery pack lifespan. This work is
concerned with the computational study of heat dissipation from open-cell aluminium metal foam
for cooling LiFePO4 battery packs. The battery module consists of six pieces of pouch cell and
three pieces of the aluminium foam heat sink. In the present study, aluminium foams are positioned
between the LiFePO4 battery modules that are arranged in a vertical manner. Thermal interaction
between the battery module and aluminum foam was studied. The effect of pore density on heat
dissipation performance at different mass flow rates was explored. It has been discovered that aluminium
foam with suitable porosity and pore density can efficiently cool the LiFePO4 battery pack.
This paper provides a theoretical framework for designing a thermal management system for lithium-
ion batteries using aluminium foam.

Background:

Metal foam cooling is an established technique for thermal management of Lithiumion
batteries in electric vehicles.

Objective::

The present study aims to analyze heat transfer through aluminium metal foams for vertically
aligned LiFePO4 battery pack cooling.

Methods:

The Darcy extended Forchheimer (DEF) model examines fluid flow through metallic
foams, using the local thermal non-equilibrium model to determine heat transfer.

Results:

The impact of the density of pores in the aluminium foam on the average wall temperature
and temperature difference along the battery surface is determined. The variation of heat transfer of
lithium-ion battery modules for different mass flow rates is also studied.

Conclusion:

The results indicate that utilizing aluminium foam as a heat transfer medium for battery
modules significantly enhances their thermal management performance.
CAVE BATS (YANGOCHIROPTERA AND YINPTEROCHIROPTERA) IN GUNUNG SEWU GEOPARK: STUDY OF KARST CAVES IN WONOGIRI REGENCY
Authors: Az-Zahra Nabilah , Alifah Faidatun , Noorfamaza Aura , Nurrohimah Kholifah , Novitasari Nabila , Erindra Maharani Farella , Indira Oktaviani Vincentia , Cahya Jasinda Ridha , Arlianti Azzahra Sevina , Debora Aprillia Siagian Shella , Prakarsa Tatag Bagus Putra
Published: February 2024

Indonesia is a country rich in biodiversity including flora and fauna. One of the high fauna diversity in Indonesia is the mammal. Some of these bats use karst caves as their roosting habitat. One of the karst areas in Indonesia is Gunung Sewu Karst. This study aims to learn more about the various bats that live in caves in the Gunung Sewu Geopark Area. This research was conducted in March-May 2023, in several caves located in the Gunung Sewu Geopark Area. Bats are caught using misnets and handnets. After they were captured, the bats were identified using Morphometry and the Shannon-Wiener index. Through another index, the Margalef index, the bat diversity in the tree cave habitats was expressed, with a discovery that there are many different species. Based on the similarity index, bats were categorized again using cluster analysis and the unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA). The entire analysis was assisted with software PAST ver 4.13. The species recorded from the three caves in this study amounted to 8 species of bats belonging to 5 genera and 5 families. Sodong Cave is a habitat with the highest level of diversity and distribution of species. All three habitats have low similarity.  The existence of endemic and vulnerable species is a priority in protecting caves as their habitat and Gunung Sewu karst macroecosystems. By preserving the habitat, all biodiversity in it will be preserved.
Strengthened the Concept of Numerical Literacy for Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teachers Through Technical Guidance Follow-Up of Competency Assessment Results of Indonesian Students
Authors: Astari Tri
Published: February 2024

The description of AKMI results needs to be conveyed to MI teachers so they can be used as a reference in developing numeracy literacy learning in class. In developing numeracy literacy learning, teachers need a good understanding and skills about numeracy literacy. So that it is necessary to strengthen the concept of numeracy literacy for Madrasah Ibtidaiyah teachers through technical guidance following up on the results of the Indonesian Student Competency Assessment. This activity consists of lectures, discussions, questions and answers with teachers; collaboration and discussion between teachers and other teachers; and demonstration/practice. The partners involved in this activity were Madrasah Ibtidaiyah teachers in Magelang Regency, Central Java, totalling 31 people. This activity ran smoothly, was interactive, and the participants were enthusiastic. Many participants took the pre-test and post-test, as many as 29 people. There was an increase of 27 people, although it has yet to occur significantly. In contrast, as many as two people are still at the same value—as many as 29 people have done peer teaching. Thus, there was an increase in participants' knowledge and skills regarding numeracy literacy.
Pelatihan Pembuatan Aneka Produk Olahan Cabai dan Bawang Merah sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Nilai Jual Hasil Pertanian dan Pemberdayaan Ibu Rumah Tangga Di Kalurahan Bugel, Kapanewon Panjatan, Kulonprogo, DIY
Authors: Aminatun Tien , Rahmawati Fitri , Rakhmawati Anna , Putri Rizka Apriani , Budiwati Budiwati , Rahayu Tutiek
Published: February 2024

Bugel is one of districts in Kulon Progo Regency that uses Surjan Method in planting rice  as their local agricultural system. One of major problems faced by the farmer during harvest season is the drop of the yields’price which then lead to the financial loss for the farmers. In order to anticipate the same issue happens in the next harvest season, farmers in subdistrict Bugel, District of Panjaten, Kulon progo Regency want to have a training in regard to process the food such as Red Chilli and Shallot,   therefore rotten and damaged yields due to the longer time of storage can be reduced or even avoided. After being processed through the postharvest techniques, those yields are expected to increase in prices thus they will bring profit and more income for the citizens. This training aims to introduce postharvest techniques that can be used to store the yields longer and also to train citizens on food processing  which resulted in finer product and  ultimately can be sold in  higher price. Red Chilli and Shallots are the main yields harvested during the harvest season outside Rice. Two types of Sambal made from red Chilli and processed food of Shallots (Fried Shallot) are made during the practice. These products hopefully will last longer in storage and also can be sold in higher price compared to the fresh ones.Customer satisfactory surveys results showed that attendance were responded positively towards the training. Based on the evaluation, citizens wish for  similar training in the future with topic regarding the health and safety of the products as well as the marketing aspect of them.