bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent Progress and Applications of Advanced Nanomaterials in Solid‐Phase Extraction
Authors: Chen Pin , Zhang Qiuyue , Yin Hang , Di Siyuan , Liu Huan , Qin Hailan , Liu Ming , Liu Yunkang , Li Zihan , Zhu Shukui
Published: November 2024

Sample preparation maintains a key bottleneck in the whole analytical procedure. Solid‐phase sorbents (SPSs) have garnered increasing attention in sample preparation research due to their crucial roles in achieving high clean‐up and enrichment efficiency in the analysis of trace targets present in complex matrices. Novel nanoscale materials with improved characteristics have garnered considerable interest across different scientific disciplines due to the limited capabilities of traditional bulk‐scale materials. The purpose of this review is to offer a thorough summary of the latest developments and uses of SPSs in preparing samples for chromatographic analysis, focusing on the years 2020–2024. The techniques for preparing SPSs are examined, such as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), carbon nanoparticles (CNPs), molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), and metallic nanomaterials (MNs). Examining the pros and cons of different extraction methods, including solid‐phase extraction (SPE), magnetic SPE (MSPE), flow‐based SPE (FBA‐SPE), solid‐phase microextraction (SPME), stir‐bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), and dispersive SPE (DSPE), is the main focus. Furthermore, this article presents the utilization of SPE technology for isolating common contaminants in various environmental, biological, and food specimens. We highlight the persistent challenges in SPSs and anticipate future advancements and applications of novel SPSs.
Anti‐Inflammatory Action and Molecular Mechanism of Fucoidan Against Cystitis Glandularis
Authors: Chen Qingting , Mo Jie , Li Yu , Gao Li , Wu Ka
Published: November 2024

Cystitis glandularis (CG), known as a pre‐gradual lesion in the bladder, is the pathological changes in the vesical mucosa characterized by inflammatory invasion and chronic obstruction. Clinically, effective treatment against CG is prescribed only when using drug therapy. Fucoidan, the naturally extractive polysaccharide, is well‐reported bioactive compound with anti‐inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties. In this research, an emerging computational approach was applied to explicate anti‐CG actions and pharmacological targets exhibited by fucoidan in detail. Current network pharmacology data showed that 16 intersection genes of fucoidan and CG were identified, whereas all 6 core targets, including interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin‐1B (IL‐1B), matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9), interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2), biological processes, and signaling pathways of fucoidan against CG were characterized, respectively. As revealed in the underlying mechanism, the anti‐CG actions achieved by fucoidan were chiefly implicated in the reduction of inflammatory reactions and enhancement of immunoregulation. Taken together, these network bioinformatics findings may be used to reveal anti‐CG effects and the pharmacological mechanism of fucoidan before further experimental validation. Furthermore, those core genes identified may be therapeutic targets for research and development of fucoidan‐anti‐CG.
Charting a course: Use of Electronic Health Records in skills‐based pharmacy education
Authors: Ives Amy L. , Maes Marina L. , Sawyer Kathryn , Bergbaken Jessica M. , Van Hooser Jared , Fravel Michelle , Cook Kristen
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Competent navigation of an electronic health record (EHR) has become a critical skill for health professionals, and pharmacists need to be adept in EHR utilization given the extent of EHR involvement in routine medication management. Limited data exists related to current approaches to teaching EHR skills in pre‐Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences (pre‐APPE) pharmacy curricula.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to describe activities, utilization, and barriers to implementation of teaching EHRs (tEHRs) into pharmacy curricula in skills‐based courses.

Methods

Faculty members of the Big Ten Academic Alliance Skills‐Based Education and Assessment Collaborative (BTAA‐SBEAC) were surveyed. The questionnaire included open‐ended questions related to tEHR type, curriculum placement, and current use of tEHRs, as well as barriers to incorporation of tEHRs in the curriculum. Inductive content analysis was used to evaluate qualitative responses.

Results

A representative from all 10 colleges within the BTAA responded. Most programs focused on EHR teaching in the second and third years of the curriculum. All respondents reported having access to a tEHR for internal case building. The tEHR was used by all institutions to allow students to practice in gathering patient information as the first step in the Pharmacists' Patient Care Process. Other activities commonly performed using the tEHR included patient care documentation, medication order verification, prescription processing, and medication reconciliation. Faculty time and cost were barriers identified for successful tEHR implementation.

Conclusion

Multiple skills are taught through the utilization of a tEHR among the colleges within the BTAA. These activities vary between institutions, and barriers exist that limit expansion and consistent integration across a skills‐based curriculum. Recognition of EHR utilization as an essential pharmacy skill can allow for development of formalized learning outcomes, leading to better support and integration throughout skills‐based courses.
Theoretical investigation of Diels–Alder reaction mechanism and regioselectivity with functionalized fullerene derivatives
Authors: Makiabadi Batoul , Naderi Fereshteh , Zakarianezhad Mohammad
Published: November 2024

Density functional theory (DFT) was used to study the mechanism of Diels–Alder (DA) reaction between 2‐Methyl‐ 1,3 Butadiene (MBD) with B12N12, B6N6C12 and B6C12N6 fullerens in the gas phase. In this mechanism, B‐N bonds of four‐membered and six‐membered rings of nanocages were chosen to react with MBD. Due to the existence of two types of B‐N bonds, two competitive pathways (a and b) were investigated. The effect of the substitution of carbon atoms instead of boron and nitrogen atoms on the stability of the structures and the regioselectivity of the DA reaction was examined. The potential energy of all structures and the activation barrier for all reaction pathways was evaluated. The chemical reactivity of fullerens using the molecular quantum descriptors was assessed. To evaluate the global electron density transfer in transition states (TS) structures, the natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis was performed.
Parent experiences with genetic testing for pediatric hearing loss
Authors: Cejas Ivette , Coto Jennifer , Sarangoulis Christina M. , Yunis Valerie , Blanton Susan , Liu Xue Zhong
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the current study was to assess parent perceptions and experiences of genetic testing, as well as barriers for not undergoing testing in a sample of families of children with hearing loss. A 44‐item questionnaire, The Parent Perception of Genetic Testing Questionnaire developed by the research study team was administered. Participants were recruited from a pediatric otolaryngology/audiology practice and social media. A total of 146 parents of children with hearing loss participated. Approximately 47.6% of the children in our sample underwent genetic testing, 44.8% did not, and 7.6% of parents were unsure. For those that did not undergo testing, reasons included: unaware (6.2%), not interested (8.9%), cost (8.9%), time (3.4%), fearful of results (2.7%), and never offered (15.1%). For those that did undergo testing, over half of the parents reported that they did not receive counseling before (55.1%) and 41.7% reported they received counseling after the testing. Furthermore, parents were confused about the results with 18.3% reporting they were Very Confused, 28.3% Somewhat Confused, 20% A Little Confused, and 33.3% Not Confused at All about the variant of uncertain or unknown significance. Notably, less than half of parents (43.4%) remembered what they were told about the mode of inheritance. Overall, our study highlighted the low adoption rate of genetic testing and lack of integration into standard of care for otology/audiology practices. Collaboration between hearing healthcare professionals and geneticists is warranted to determine how to reduce barriers to access while improving pre‐ and post‐counseling.
The effect of symmetry‐preserving operations on 3‐connectivity
Authors: Van den Camp Heidi
Published: November 2024

In 2017, Brinkmann, Goetschalckx and Schein introduced a very general way of describing operations on embedded graphs that preserve all orientation‐preserving symmetries of the graph. This description includes all well‐known operations such as Dual, Truncation and Ambo. As these operations are applied locally, they are called local orientation‐preserving symmetry‐preserving operations (lopsp‐operations). In this text, we will use the general description of these operations to determine their effect on 3‐connectivity. Recently it was proved that all lopsp‐operations preserve 3‐connectivity of graphs that have face‐width at least three. We present a simple condition that characterises exactly which lopsp‐operations preserve 3‐connectivity for all embedded graphs, even for those with face‐width less than three.
High‐speed and contactless inspection of defective micro‐LEDs through the photovoltaic effect
Authors: Yasuda Toshiro , Sugawa Shigetoshi , Yokomichi Yayoi , Kobayashi Kazuhisa , Hamori Hiroshi , Teramoto Akinobu
Published: November 2024

The most significant challenge associated with micro‐light‐emitting‐diode (micro‐LED) displays, which are anticipated to be the next generation of display technology, is the high manufacturing cost. In order to reduce manufacturing costs, it is essential to improve yield. Improving the manufacturing yield of them necessitates the evaluation of micro‐LED chips prior to their installation onto substrates. However, the microsize and large quantity of these chips renders inspection difficult with conventional inspection methods. Herein, we propose a method for inspecting micro‐LED chips by measuring the voltage generated between the anode and cathode due to the photovoltaic effect using a developed proximity capacitance image sensor. As this inspection method does not require the use of probe pins to contact LED electrodes, it enables simultaneous inspection of multiple chips in a short time without causing any damage to the electrodes. In this paper, an experimental system equipped with this sensor was developed to demonstrate the basic measurement principle. Moreover, we demonstrated that more than 50,000 micro‐LED chips with a size of 60 μm × 34 μm can be simultaneously inspected in approximately 2 s.
How statistically fragile are randomized controlled trials comparing quadriceps tendon autografts with hamstring or bone‐patellar tendon‐bone autografts in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction?
Authors: Dworsky‐Fried Joshua , Bernardini Luca , Vivekanantha Prushoth , Gyemi Lauren , Meena Amit , Tapasvi Sachin , Fink Christian , de SA Darren
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To determine the statistical fragility of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which compare the use of quadriceps tendon (QT) autografts to either hamstring tendon (HT) or bone‐patellar tendon‐bone (BPTB) autografts in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).

Methods

A search was conducted across PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases for RCTs comparing QT autografts to HT or BPTB autografts in ACLR from inception to 21 April 2024. Studies that reported ≥1 statistically significant continuous outcome, statistically significant dichotomous outcome and/or nonsignificant dichotomous outcome were included for analysis. The fragility index (FI), continuous fragility index (CFI) and reverse fragility index (RFI) were calculated for significant dichotomous outcomes, significant continuous outcomes and nonsignificant dichotomous outcomes, respectively.

Results

A total of 11 RCTs comprising 716 patients were included. The mean sample size was 65.8 patients. The median FI among nine outcomes from four studies was 1.0 (interquartile range [IQR], 0.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.6–1.4; range 0.5–1.5). The number of patients lost to follow‐up at the final follow‐up period was more than the study‐specific FI in three (75%) studies. The median CFI among 30 outcomes from six studies was 4.9 (IQR, 10.1, 95% CI, 3.9–8.2; range 0–18.2). The number of patients lost to follow‐up at the final follow‐up period was more than the study‐specific CFI in four (66.7%) studies. The median RFI among 10 outcomes from five studies was 5.0 (IQR, 3.5; 95% CI, 3.4–6.6; range 1.0–9.0). The number of patients lost to follow‐up at the final follow‐up period was more than the study‐specific RFI in four (80%) studies.

Conclusion

This systematic review revealed that regardless of the metric used, RCTs comparing QT autografts to HT or BPTB autograft options in ACLR are statistically fragile. While the indices of statistical fragility evaluated in this study are important metrics of robustness to consider, their application in research and clinical practice needs to be further elucidated.

Level of Evidence

Level I.
Linked Flaps of the Thoracodorsal Vascular Tree for Correcting Extensive Post‐Burn Deformities and Achieving Optimal Reconstruction Outcomes
Authors: Ryoo Hyun Jung , Park Ji Hwan , Park Ji Ah. , Kim Youn Hwan , Shim Hyung‐Sup
Published: November 2024

Background

Autologous skin grafting has been the popular method for reconstructing post‐burn defects. However, this technique has limitations such as high contracture rates and inadequate volume coverage. This report aims to propose the principles and advantages of utilizing microsurgically linked perforator flaps for the reconstruction of extensive burn defects and associated post‐burn scar contracture in the lower and upper extremities and trunk.

Method

Patients who underwent free tissue transfer for primary and secondary burn wound reconstruction at a single institution between 2016 and 2023 were included in the study. Patients received thoracodorsal vascular tree‐linked flaps for the correction of post‐burn deformities. Postoperative results were evaluated, including flap survival, complications, and the DASH self‐report questionnaire for upper extremity reconstruction.

Result

Among the 20 patients, 12 required primary reconstruction, while 8 underwent secondary reconstruction using anastomotic chimeric free tissue transfer. The majority of burn injuries resulted from thermal contact (n = 8), followed by flames (n = 5), scalds (n = 4), electrical contact (n = 2), and friction (n = 1). The most frequently utilized combinations were the thoracodorsal artery perforator (TDAp) and anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap (11 cases). Additionally, four cases involved the pedicled TDAp flap in conjunction with the deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap. The average DASH score for upper extremity burn patients was 10.58.

Conclusions

Three‐dimensional tissue coverage achieved through the linkage of two or even three independent free flaps is increasingly utilized in post‐burn reconstruction. This approach offers multiple advantages and represents a viable option for burn reconstruction.
Diagnosis of incipient faults in wind turbine bearings based on ICEEMDAN–IMCKD
Authors: Li Yanjun , Han Ding
Published: November 2024

To address the difficulty in extracting early fault feature signals of rolling bearings, this paper proposes a novel weak fault diagnosis method for rolling bearings. This method combines the Improved Complementary Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (ICEEMDAN) and the Improved Maximum Correlated Kurtosis Deconvolution (IMCKD). Utilizing the kurtosis criterion, the intrinsic mode functions obtained through ICEEMDAN are reconstructed and denoised using IMCKD, which significantly reduces noise in the measured signal. This approach maximizes the energy amplitude at the fault characteristic frequency, facilitating fault feature identification. Experimental studies on two test benches demonstrate that this method effectively reduces noise interference and highlights the fault frequency components. Compared with traditional methods, it significantly improves the signal‐to‐noise ratio and more accurately identifies fault features, meeting the requirements for discriminating rolling bearing faults. The method proposed in this study was applied to the measured vibration signals of the gearbox bearings in the new high‐speed wire department of a Long Products Mill. It successfully extracted weak characteristic information of early bearing faults, achieving the expected diagnostic results. This further validates the effectiveness of the ICEEMDAN–IMCKD method in practical engineering applications, demonstrating significant engineering value for detecting and extracting weak impact characteristics in rolling bearings.
Optimal Bundling Cooperation Strategies for Online Paid Membership Programs
Authors: Du Shaofu , Li Zongyin , Choi Tsan‐Ming , Hu Li
Published: November 2024

Paid membership programs are popular in Internet firms, and “bundling cooperation for paid memberships” is trendy in their online operations. Unlike traditional product bundling problems, membership bundling between Internet firms presents new characteristics such as member sharing, which brings challenges to profit allocation and partner selection. Despite being a commonly seen business practice, little is known about the optimal bundling strategies and the cooperation mechanisms regarding firms' membership status. To fill this gap, we develop a stylized model that considers the potential added‐value income of membership to analyze the bundling problem between two firms. We show that the optimal bundling strategy depends on firms' original member bases and their ability to mine member value (i.e., value‐monetization ability). We discuss the allocation policy with Nash bargaining and find that the firm may entirely waive its bundled membership fee income and even compensate its partner to achieve cooperation. Surprisingly, a start‐up partner with no member base may be the optimal option. Nevertheless, if there is no such a partner in the market, forming a bundle with a well‐established partner is the right choice. Our findings provide novel managerial insights into bundled membership operations of Internet firms in practice.
The association of higher offspring early‐childhood weight gain with prepregnancy metabolic and bariatric surgery
Authors: Hilaire Maya‐Jean , Babcock Annelise , White Glenn , Masson Cynthia F. , Salem Rany M. , Reddy Uma M. , Gallagher Dympna , LeDuc Charles A. , Thaker Vidhu V.
Published: November 2024

Objective

The objective of this study was to assess maternal gestational outcomes and offspring growth trajectories following prepregnancy metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) compared with non‐MBS controls.

Methods

Single‐center deliveries between January 2020 and March 2023 with prepregnancy Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (herein referred to as “bypass”), sleeve gastrectomy (herein referred to as “sleeve”), and non‐MBS controls were included. Offspring growth trajectories were compared with the World Health Organization child growth standards. Linear mixed models assessed MBS‐bypass and MBS‐sleeve offspring weight, length, and BMI trajectories with a prepregnancy BMI 27 to 37 kg/m2 and propensity score‐matched controls.

Results

The study included 440 participants with prepregnancy MBS (MBS‐bypass, 185; MBS‐sleeve, 225; 76% Hispanic/Latino) and 13,434 non‐MBS controls. Gestational weight gain and gestational diabetes mellitus were similar, whereas hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were more common after MBS. The post‐MBS offspring had lower birth weight but higher weight gain at 24 months (sleeve, +1.4 kg [95% CI: 1.0–1.9]; bypass, +0.5–0.7 kg [95% CI: 0.0–1.2]) compared with non‐MBS groups. Male children had higher weight gain than females. The post‐MBS‐sleeve but not the post‐MBS‐bypass offspring had higher BMI z scores.

Conclusions

The higher early‐life weight gain and sex differences in the post‐MBS‐sleeve group compared with the post‐MBS‐bypass group provide a window toward elucidating pathways to mitigate intergenerational metabolic risk transfer.

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Electrospun Polylactic Acid/Polyethylene Glycol/ Silicate‐Chlorinated Bioactive Glass Composite Scaffolds for Potential Bone Regeneration
Authors: Souza Joyce R. de , Kukulka Elisa C. , Kito Letícia T. , de Sá Alves Mariana , dos Santos Verônica R. , Trichês Eliandra S. , Vasconcellos Luana M. R. , Thim Gilmar P. , Campos Tiago M. B. , Borges Alexandre L. S.
Published: November 2024

The integration of bioglass with polymers in tissue engineering scaffolds holds promise for enhancing bone regeneration. This study explores the fabrication and characterization of composite scaffolds comprising polylactic acid (PLA)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) fibers incorporated with silicate‐chlorinated bioglasses (45S5 and 58S). Electrospinning was utilized to produce the scaffolds, followed by physical–chemical and in vitro evaluations. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed uniform fiber formation, with bioglass incorporation observed in the composite groups. Bioglass incorporation led to a significant reduction in fiber diameter. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) estimated bioglass content, with 58S exhibiting the highest incorporation. Contact angle measurements indicated enhanced hydrophilicity in bioglass‐containing groups. In vitro, bioactivity assessment in simulated body fluid (SBF) demonstrated apatite formation potential and the pH variance indicates a slightly alkaline to neutral condition. Cell culture studies revealed robust cellular adhesion and metabolic activity across all groups, with no cytotoxic effects observed. Overall, these findings suggest the potential of PLA/PEG bioglass composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications.
Effect of multi‐angle lamination on mechanical properties and damages behavior of carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composites
Authors: Huang Zhiquan , Zhang Liangliang , Zheng Yonglin , Zou Jinchao , Gao Xiangyu , Wang Tao
Published: November 2024

Carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composites, when subjected to multi‐angle delamination during vacuum hot pressing, suffered from defects such as uneven fiber distribution, resin‐rich zones, and voids. These defects caused varied damage and failure behaviors in the composites, seriously affecting their mechanical properties. In this paper, the defect distribution, tensile and flexural properties, and damage behaviors of multi‐angle lay‐up specimens prepared in an autoclave were studied. The results indicated that irregularly shaped voids in laminates with a 0° angle difference primarily led to local stress concentration. Elliptical and elongated voids in laminates with a 90° angle difference were mainly susceptible to delamination. The [0/90]8 layer exhibited the best overall mechanical properties. The proportion of 0° laminates had a direct impact on the mechanical properties, with 0° contact laminates on the bending‐compression side capable of withstanding higher bending loads. The [+45/−45]8 plyer demonstrated pseudo‐delayed behavior, enabling the laminate to show better toughness under load. Variations in damage due to the proportions and positions of the laminates influenced the mechanical properties and damages behavior of multi‐angle laminates.

Highlights

Angular differences were observed to affect void and resin distribution.

The best overall mechanical properties were attributed to [0/90]8 laminates.

Pseudo‐delay behavior was exhibited by [+45/−45]8 laminates.

Proportion of 0° layers impacted mechanical properties.

Greater bending loads were withstood by the 0° contact layer.
A Horizontal Double‐Sided Copper Metallization Technology Designed for Solar Cell Mass‐Production
Authors: Wang Lu , Qin Yusen , Peng Meilin , Huang Meixian , Liu ZhiPeng , Lu Yibo , Zhou Guohua , Ji Jingjia
Published: November 2024

In the international photovoltaic market, the “carbon footprint” label has received great attention, and low‐carbon footprint products are widely popular. Compared with metallic silver, copper has the characteristics of low carbon emissions and low cost, which can effectively reduce the carbon footprint. Based on this, this article reports a horizontal double‐sided copper metallization technology. This technology can not only metalize the front and back sides of various types of silicon solar cells at the same time but also has fast speed, good uniformity, and simple process, making it suitable for the industrial mass production of solar cells. This article describes the structure and manufacturing process of TOPCon solar cells patterned with an ultrashort pulse laser and metalized using this novel horizontal double‐sided copper metallization technology. In this batch, average efficiency reached above 26%.
Synthesis and Application of Biodegradable Cellulose Hydrogels From Sunflower Husks as a Water‐Retaining Material in Agriculture
Authors: Battalova Ainur , Kabdrakhmanova Sana , Akatan Kydyrmolla , Shaimardan Esbol , Beisebekov Madiar , Karzhaubayeva Aktoty , Kantay Nurgamit , Ibraeva Zhanar , Thomas Sabu
Published: November 2024

The water shortage is currently a major problem for agriculture around the world, and this, in turn, can negatively impact food safety. Therefore, in this article, acrylamide monomer (AAm) was bound by the cross‐linking agent N, N′‐methylene‐bis‐acrylamide (MBA) in amounts of 10, 15, and 20 mg along with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) obtained from sunflower seed husk (SFH) and a biodegradable hydrogel in the soil layer with high sorption capacity was synthesized. As a result of the study, the AAm monomer found to be attached to the MCC matrix via intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The kinetics of swelling of the obtained hydrogels in aqueous, electrolytic and water‐ethanol, water‐acetone binary solutions at various amounts of cross‐linking agent were comparatively studied, and it was found that the water sorption potential of the natural polymer—MCC‐based hydrogel (MCC hydrogel)—is high at pH = 6.5 and corresponds to the pH of the soil environment. The study showed that the synthesized hydrogel is optimal when using 10 mg of a cross‐linking agent, has mechanical strength, withstands pressure up to 27 MPa, completely decomposes at 796°C, and has good thermal stability. It has been established that the pore sizes of hydrogel with 10 mg of cross‐linking agent lie within the range of 313.9 nm‐den 3.41 μm and belong to mesoporous materials, where the degree of swelling is 1176%. The MCC hydrogel was saturated with water from the soil within 5 days and collapsed within 35 days, releasing the absorbed water back into the soil, losing 66% of its mass and undergoing biological decomposition. These properties of MCC hydrogel allow it to be used as a “water‐retaining material” in agriculture.
Global sensitivity analysis of Open Systems Pharmacology Suite physiologically based pharmacokinetic models
Authors: Najjar Abdulkarim , Hamadeh Abdullah , Krause Sophia , Schepky Andreas , Edginton Andrea
Published: November 2024

Sensitivity analyses are important components of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model development and are required by regulatory agencies for PBPK submissions. They assess the impact of parametric uncertainty and variability on model estimates, aid model optimization by identifying parameters requiring calibration, and enable the testing of assumptions within PBPK models. One‐at‐a‐time (OAT) sensitivity analyses quantify the impact on a model output in response to changes in a single parameter while holding others fixed. Global sensitivity analysis (GSA) methods provide more comprehensive assessments by accounting for changes in all uncertain or variable parameters, though at a higher computational cost. This tutorial article presents a software package for conducting both OAT and GSA of PBPK models built in the Open Systems Pharmacology (OSP) Suite. The tool is accessible through either an R script or a graphical user interface, and the outputs consist of sensitivity metrics of pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters, such as Cmax and AUC, evaluated with respect to model input parameters. Results are formatted according to regulatory standards. The OAT analysis methods comprise two‐way local sensitivity analyses and probabilistic uncertainty analyses, whereas the GSA methods include the Morris, Sobol, and EFAST methods. These analyses can be conducted on single PBPK models or pairs of models for the evaluation of the sensitivity of PK parameter ratios in drug–drug interaction studies. The practical application of the package is demonstrated through three illustrative case studies.
Lasing Characteristics of GaInAsP Laser Diodes on Directly Bonded InP/Si Substrates with a Gas out Channel
Authors: Zhao Liang , Periyanayagam Gandhi Kallarasan , Yada Ryosuke , Zhang Junyu , Kuroi Mizuo , Shimomura Kazuhiko
Published: November 2024

In this study, the lasing characteristics of GaInAsP laser diodes (LDs) grown on directly bonded InP/Si substrates with a gas out channel (GOC) structure are investigated. GOC InP/Si substrates are fabricated using hydrophilic direct bonding and metal–organic vapor phase epitaxy growth methods and subsequently their surface conditions, bonding strength, and lasing performance are examined. Herein, it is observed that the introduction of a GOC substantially reduces void formation and improves the threshold current density of the LDs. In the results, it is demonstrated that the performance of the GOC InP/Si substrates is comparable to that of InP substrates, highlighting their potential for use in high‐performance optical devices.
Cyanate Ester/TiO2 Composites for High‐Temperature and Miniaturized Microwave Substrate Applications
Authors: Hunize Chuttam Veettil Muhammed , Azeem Vadakkathintakath Muhammed , Joseph Mangalam Antony , Murali Kodakkattumana Purushothaman
Published: November 2024

High‐temperature‐withstanding TiO2‐reinforced cyanate ester composites are developed by mechanical stirring, followed by curing at elevated temperatures. The uniform dispersion of the filler is confirmed using scanning electron microscopy and electron dispersive spectroscopy. All composites, up to a filler fraction of 30 vol%, exhibit a density of more than 90% while it reduces significantly after that. A high relative permittivity of 7.6 and a low loss tangent of 0.0112 are observed for the optimally filled 30 vol%. The addition of the filler further improves the temperature‐withstanding capability of the cyanate ester matrix. Moreover, a high thermal conductivity of 0.543 W mK−1, improved hardness of 24.88 HV, ultimate tensile strength of 11.68 MPa, and a low coefficient of thermal expansion of 36.44 ppm °C−1 are also shown by the optimally filled sample. A moisture absorption of 0.072 vol% observed for the optimal filled sample comes within the limit for microwave substrate applications. Thus, the developed composites are suitable candidates for high‐temperature microwave electronic applications.
Engineering Epitaxial Interfaces for Topological Insulator — Superconductor Hybrid Devices with Al Electrodes
Authors: Jalil Abdur Rehman , Schmitt Tobias W. , Rüßmann Philipp , Wei Xian‐Kui , Frohn Benedikt , Schleenvoigt Michael , Wittl Wilhelm , Hou Xiao , Schmidt Anne , Underwood Kaycee , Bihlmayer Gustav , Luysberg Martina , Mayer Joachim , Blügel Stefan , Grützmacher Detlev , Schüffelgen Peter
Published: November 2024

Proximity‐induced superconductivity in hybrid devices of topological insulators and superconductors offers a promising platform for the pursuit of elusive topological superconductivity and its anticipated applications, such as fault‐tolerant quantum computing. To study and harness such hybrid devices, a key challenge is the realization of highly functional material interfaces with a suitable superconductor featuring 2‐periodic parity‐conserving transport to ensure a superconducting hard‐gap free of unpaired electrons, which is important for Majorana physics. A superconductor well‐known for this characteristic is Al, however, its direct integration into devices based on tetradymite topological insulators has so far been found to yield non‐transparent interfaces. By focusing on Bi2Te3‐Al heterostructures, this study identifies detrimental interdiffusion processes at the interface through atomically resolved structural and chemical analysis, and showcases their mitigation by leveraging different interlayers – namely Nb, Ti, Pd, and Pt – between Bi2Te3 and Al. Through structural transformation of the interlayer materials (X) into their respective tellurides (XTe2) atomically‐sharp epitaxial interfaces are engineered and further characterized in low‐temperature transport experiments on Al‐X‐Bi2Te3‐X‐Al Josephson junctions and in complementary density functional theory calculations. By demonstrating functional interfaces between Bi2Te3 and Al, this work provides key insights and paves the way for the next generation of sophisticated topological devices.
Development of a Load‐Bearing, Terrain‐Adaptive Hexapod Robot With Chebyshev‐Linkage Legs
Authors: Ju Zhongjin , Wu Rui , Guo Dameng , Xu Yundou
Published: November 2024

This study introduces an exploratory design for a hexapod load‐carrying robot, aiming to address challenges commonly associated with quadruped robots, including limited load capacity and high control complexity. By leveraging a Chebyshev linkage‐based overconstrained leg‐foot architecture that combines high rigidity and low friction, along with a multi‐drive system for lateral movement, we propose a robot with improved adaptability to diverse terrains, such as snow, sand, puddles, ice, and deserts. This versatility suggests potential applications in areas such as factory inspection, field reconnaissance and transport, and desert exploration. Using static and dynamic analyses, we evaluated the leg structure's stress distribution and motion requirements, employing simulations in Workbench and Adams to cross‐validate our theoretical calculations. The development of a prototype and its subsequent testing under various environmental conditions aimed to demonstrate the design's practicality and the robot's operational capabilities in real‐world settings. Although the findings indicate progress toward enhancing load‐bearing capabilities and terrain adaptability with reduced control complexity, further research and development are necessary to fully realize the potential of such robotic systems in practical applications.
Microwave‐Assisted Fabrication of Copper Oxide/N‐Doped Carbon Nanocatalyst for Efficient Electrochemical CO2 Conversion to Liquid Fuels
Authors: Banerjee Anwesha , Jain Siddarth , Dastider Saptarshi Ghosh , Biswas Rathindranath , Das Srewashi , Mondal Krishnakanta , Vishal Vikram , Lahiri Goutam Kumar , Dutta Arnab
Published: November 2024

Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), which is driven by electricity generated from renewable energy sources, is a promising technology for sustainably producing carbon‐based chemicals or fuels. Several CO2RR catalysts have been explored to date, among which copper‐based electrocatalysts are the most widely known for electrochemical CO2RR and are extensively studied for their ability to generate an array of products. Their low selectivity, however, hinders their possibility of being used for practical purposes. In this work, a microwave‐assisted one‐pot synthesized CuxO/N‐doped carbon demonstrates the electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide into multiple C1 products (mainly formate and methanol), with a maximum Faradaic efficiency of 95% in 0.10 m KHCO3 aqueous solution at a moderately low applied potential of −0.55 V versus RHE (reversible hydrogen electrode). The in‐depth theoretical study reveals the key contribution of pyridinic N‐based N‐doped carbon sites and Cu2O clusters in CO2 adsorption and its subsequent conversion to formate and methanol via an energetically favorable formate pathway. The electrocatalyst continued to demonstrate CO2 reduction to valuable C1 products when a simulated flue gas stream containing 15% CO2 along with 500 ppm SOx and 200 ppm NOx is used as an inlet feed.
Development of Turbocharging‐Ability Hybrid Nanogenerators Comprising Bipolar PVDF‐HFP/MXene Electrospun Composites
Authors: Gajula Prasad , Yoon Jae Uk , Woo Insun , Bae Jin Woo
Published: November 2024

Coupling piezo‐active and triboelectric materials has recently emerged as an effective technique for developing high‐performance hybrid nanogenerators (HNGs). This is the first paper to report the fabrication of piezo‐active poly(vinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoropropylene)(PVDF‐HFP)/MXene‐based hybrid composite fibers through conventional electrospinning. Here, the effect of MXene content (1–5%) on the surface potential and electrical performance of the as‐synthesized composites is investigated and optimized. PVDF‐HFP/3% MXene (PHM3)/Nylon 12+A‐rGo (NY2)‐HNG, which contains the best‐performing composite (PMH3; containing 3% of MXene), exhibits turbocharging properties (charging a 10 µF capacitor with 16 V within 100 s) and can continuously operate low‐power electronics. Interestingly, PHM3 (with a negative surface potential) is transformed into PPHM3 (with a positive surface potential of +2190 V) via corona poling. This study proposes a new class of HNGs containing frictional layers comprising bipolar PVDF‐HFP/3% MXene composites (PHM3/PPHM3‐HNG) with an excellent output performance of 297 V and 5.1 µA that exhibit broad application prospects in energy harvesting.
Hypericum Perforatum Callus Extract‐Loaded Composite Hydrogel with Diverse Bioactivities for Enhanced Wound Healing and Fibrosis Prevention
Authors: Zivari‐Ghader Tayebeh , Shokouhi Behrooz , Kosari‐Nasab Morteza , Davaran Soodabeh , Hamishehkar Hamed , Farahpour Mohammad Reza , Rashidi Mohammad‐Reza , Mehrali Mehdi
Published: November 2024

Plant Callus are a valuable source of pluripotent stem cells and bioactive phytochemicals. Meanwhile, the Hypericum perforatum callus extract (HPCE) is particularly rich in compounds such as hyperforin, hypericin, quercetin, and other phenolic and flavonoid derivatives. These phytochemicals exhibit strong antibacterial, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐fibrotic properties, making them promising for wound healing. One of the most critical challenges following wound healing is the formation of fibrosis, which can compromise the complex structural integrity of skin. To address this issue, a poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan/alginate (PCA) wound dressing loaded with HPCE is developed. This hydrogel dressing features a porous structure with suitable mechanical properties and a high swelling capacity, potentially enhancing its effectiveness in promoting tissue regeneration and wound healing. In vitro studies have confirmed its biocompatibility, cell proliferation, and cell adhesion properties. Additionally, the dressing has demonstrated the ability to inhibit the proliferation of certain antibiotic‐resistant bacteria. The in vivo studies revealed the anti‐inflammatory properties, promotion of angiogenesis, facilitation of re‐epithelialization, and stimulation of collagen deposition of the dressing under investigation. Moreover, the immunohistochemistry analysis of the two key markers, p16 and p53, has shown that the application of the dressing helps prevent fibrosis after wound healing.
Construction of Ternary Zn0.5Cu0.5Co2O4 Spinel Structure on Nickel Foam: A Comprehensive Theoretical and Experimental Study from Single to Ternary Metal Oxides for High‐Energy‐Density Asymmetric Supercapacitor Application
Authors: Yesuraj Johnbosco , Senthamaraikannan Thillai Govindaraja , Lim Dong‐Hee , Kim Kibum
Published: November 2024

Developing nanostructured multi‐transition metal‐based spinel architectures represents a strategic approach for boosting the energy density of supercapacitors while preserving high power density. Here, the influence of incorporating Zn and Cu into Co3O4 spinel systems on supercapacitor performance is investigated by synthesizing single (ZnO, CuO, Co3O4), binary (ZnCo2O4, CuCo2O4), and ternary (Zn0.5Cu0.5Co2O4) oxides on nickel foam substrates. Theoretical and experimental analyses highlight that the flower‐like structures of Zn0.5Cu0.5Co2O4, comprising nanowires and nanoribbons, effectively reduced transport barriers and enhanced ion adsorption, thereby improving electron/ion reaction kinetics. Oxygen vacancies induced defect states in Zn0.5Cu0.5Co2O4, shifting the d‐ and p‐band center values closer to the Fermi level and enhancing electrochemical performance. The Zn0.5Cu0.5Co2O4 exhibits a specific capacity of 271 mA h g−1 (1776 F g−1) at 1 A g−1 with 97% capacity retention after 5 000 charge/discharge cycles. In a Zn0.5Cu0.5Co2O4//activated carbon configuration, the device demonstrates superior energy and power densities of 122.2 Wh kg−1 and 800 W kg−1, respectively, maintaining 91% capacitance after 10 000 cycles at 30 A g−1 with high coulombic efficiency. This study presents an effective strategy to enhance ion/charge transfer and adsorption in multi‐transition metal spinel architectures, advancing the development of supercapacitor electrodes.
The genus Derris Lour., a potential source of valuable biologically active ingredients
Authors: Nha Trang Bui Thi , Mai Nguyen Thi , Anh Bui Thi Mai , Dung Duong Thi , Tai Bui Huu , Kiem Phan Van
Published: November 2024

This article summarizes the recent reports on the chemical components and biological activities of the genus Derris Lour. There are about 240 compounds isolated from this genus, including 31 rotenoids, 146 flavones and their derivatives (flavans, isoflavones, chalcones), 7 triterpenoids, 23 pterocarpans, 10 coumarins, and 34 other compounds. Many compounds have unique structures and exhibit potential biological effects including insecticides, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, antihyperglycemic, and cytotoxic activities. This review aims to systematically provide research results on the chemical composition and biological activities of Derris species.
A Survey Study on Management Practices Associated With Voluntary Waiting Period and Its Effects on Reproductive Performance of dairy cows in Iranian Dairy Farms
Authors: Mirzaie Behnaz , Sadeghi‐Sefidmazgi Ali , Zhandi Mahdi
Published: November 2024

Background

Voluntary waiting period (VWP), housing systems and the presence of a veterinarian are effective factors on reproductive performance of a dairy farm.

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the management practices associated with VWP and its effects on reproductive performance.

Methods

A total of 136,943 records of 21,756 cows that calved between 1990 and 2013 were used. A questionnaire was also conducted with the farms involved to determine if they adjust the timing of insemination based on the body condition score (BCS) of the cows, postpartum health situation (PPHS) or environmental factors such as heat stress and season. The impact of changing the VWP selectively, the presence of a veterinarian and the type of barn on reproductive outcomes like days open (DO), number of services per conception (NSPC) and days to first service (DFS) was examined using a linear mixed model. This model considered animals and herds as random factors and management practices as fixed factors in the analysis.

Results

Among herds that reported altering the VWP based on heat stress, DFS significantly increased (61.68 ± 0.68 vs. 58.4 ± 0.83) while DO (119.70 ± 1.86 vs. 126.9 ± 2.29) and NSPC (1.98 ± 0.04 vs. 2.48 ± 0.05) reduced compared to herds that did not alter the VWP. Our results showed that farms with a full‐time veterinarian had a better reproductive performance than those with part‐time care (p < 0.05). Housing system was significantly associated with fertility traits, so that cows in free‐stall barns were more fertile than those kept in open‐shed barns.

Conclusions

The obtained results from this study indicated that management decisions to selectively altering the VWP led to difference in DFS and improved reproductive performance.
Positionspapier der DGKL und der DIVI zu den Anforderungen an die Laboratoriumsmedizin in der Intensiv- und Notfallmedizin
Authors: Waydhas Christian , Hermes Carsten , Kumpf Oliver , Mutlak Haitham , Spannagl Michael , Walcher Felix , Luppa Peter B. ,   DIVI,   DGKL
Published: November 2024

Hintergrund und Ziele

Die zeitgerechte Bestimmung und Bewertung von Laborparametern bei Patienten mit akuten lebens- oder organbedrohlichen Erkrankungen und Erkrankungszuständen in der Notaufnahme oder auf Intensivstationen kann für die Diagnosestellung, den Therapiebeginn und das Ergebnis essenziell sein. Ziel des Positionspapiers ist es, die zeitlichen Anforderungen an die Bereitstellung von labormedizinischen Ergebnissen in der Notfall- und Intensivmedizin zu definieren. Aus der Dringlichkeit lassen sich Anforderungen an Point-of-Care-Testung (POCT) und (zentrales) Labor ableiten.

Methodik

Expertengruppen aus der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsmedizin (DGKL) und der Deutschen Interdisziplinäre Vereinigung für Intensiv- und Notfallmedizin (DIVI) entwickelten unter Nutzung von nationalen und internationalen Leitlinien, Reviewartikeln und Originalarbeiten eine Einteilung zur Dringlichkeit von Laborbestimmungen sowie Empfehlungen zu den erforderlichen Rahmenbedingungen und zur Qualitätssicherung.

Ergebnisse

Es werden 3 Stufen der Dringlichkeit für die Bestimmung der gängigsten Laborparameter anhand der Turnaround Time definiert: Notfall 1, mit einer Turnaround Time von maximal 15 min; Notfall 2, mit einer Turnaround Time von maximal 60 min; dringlicher Fall, mit einer Turnaround Time innerhalb von 4 h. Zusätzlich wird eine Empfehlung zur Bereitstellung der Ergebnisse zur Hauptvisite auf der Intensivstation und der Notaufnahme gegeben.

Schlussfolgerungen

Die Empfehlungen erlauben, die organisatorischen und apparativen Regelungen für jedes Krankenhaus anhand der medizinischen Anforderungen an die Dringlichkeit auszurichten.
Algebraic cycles on hyper-Kähler varieties of generalized Kummer type
Authors: Floccari Salvatore , Varesco Mauro
Published: November 2024

We prove the conjectures of Hodge and Tate for any four-dimensional hyper-Kähler variety of generalized Kummer type. For an arbitrary variety X of generalized Kummer type, we show that all Hodge classes in the subalgebra of the rational cohomology generated by

$$H^2(X,\mathbb {Q})$$

H
2

(
X
,
Q
)

are algebraic.
On the moment measure conjecture
Authors: Heinloth Jochen , Zhang Xucheng
Published: November 2024

The moment measure conjecture of Białynicki-Birula and Sommese gives a combinatorial characterization of all open substacks of a global quotient stack for a torus action on a normal projective variety that admit a proper good moduli space, in other words it characterizes the invariant open subvarieties that admit a proper quotient. In this article we prove the conjecture for actions on smooth varieties. This gives an instance of stability conditions defined by cohomological invariants that are not given by Chern classes of line bundles.