bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Representation of Masculinity in the Hugo Boss Perfume Advertisement on Youtube.com
Authors: Marzuki La Ode Abdul Handoko , Amstrong Neil , Arman Arman
Published: June 2024

This study focuses on masculinity through power, image, ideal, and domination based on Connel’s masculinity theory displaying the symbol of masculinity in the Hugo Boss perfume advertisement. The Objective of the study in this research is to describe the representation of masculinity which is depicted in the Hugo Boss perfume advertisement on Youtube.com. The research method that the author uses is qualitative. The data source for this research is Hugo's perfume ad videos on YouTube. The data collection method used is proficient free listening and note-taking techniques. This method is used to remember that the data used is pausing and screenshotting the advertisement. As a result, there are 20 pieces of data found by a researcher from 5 advertisements that the researcher chose as the object. The researcher found that there is a unique new concept of masculinity or appearance in Hugo Boss perfume advertisements, the representation of masculinity in the Hugo Boss advertisement is divided into power, image, ideal, and dominance. Hugo Boss perfume advertisements continue to reinforce the ideology of masculinity where masculinity is the separation between men and women in terms of gender and masculinity represents the male gender. The strengthening of masculinity ideology in this advertisement is shown in the aspect of men who are macho and successful. This advertisement also dismantles the ideology of masculinity in the aspect of men having a nerd appearance and manipulative attitudes towards women, both of which are not stereotypical.
Radiomics analysis using magnetic resonance imaging of bone marrow edema for diagnosing knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Li Xuefei , Chen Wenhua , Liu Dan , Chen Pinghua , Li Pan , Li Fangfang , Yuan Weina , Wang Shiyun , Chen Chen , Chen Qian , Li Fangyu , Guo Suxia , Hu Zhijun
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to develop and validate a bone marrow edema model using a magnetic resonance imaging-based radiomics nomogram for the diagnosis of osteoarthritis. Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of 302 patients with and without osteoarthritis were retrospectively collected from April 2022 to October 2023 at Longhua Hospital affiliated with the Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The participants were randomly divided into two groups (a training group, n = 211 and a testing group, n = 91). We used logistic regression to analyze clinical characteristics and established a clinical model. Radiomics signatures were developed by extracting radiomic features from the bone marrow edema area using MRI. A nomogram was developed based on the rad-score and clinical characteristics. The diagnostic performance of the three models was compared using the receiver operating characteristic curve and Delong’s test. The accuracy and clinical application value of the nomogram were evaluated using calibration curve and decision curve analysis. Clinical characteristics such as age, radiographic grading, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index score, and radiological features were significantly correlated with the diagnosis of osteoarthritis. The Rad score was constructed from 11 radiological features. A clinical model was developed to diagnose osteoarthritis (training group: area under the curve [AUC], 0.819; testing group: AUC, 0.815). Radiomics models were used to effectively diagnose osteoarthritis (training group,: AUC, 0.901; testing group: AUC, 0.841). The nomogram model composed of Rad score and clinical characteristics had better diagnostic performance than a simple clinical model (training group: AUC, 0.906; testing group: AUC, 0.845; p < 0.01). Based on DCA, the nomogram model can provide better diagnostic performance in most cases. In conclusion, the MRI-bone marrow edema-based radiomics-clinical nomogram model showed good performance in diagnosing early osteoarthritis.
Novel indazolylchromones: synthesis, fungicidal evaluation, molecular docking and aquatic toxicity prediction
Authors: Kundu Riya , Shakil Najam Akhtar , Narayanan Neethu , Kamil Deeba , Rana Virendra Singh , Tripathi Kailash P. , Kaushik Parshant
Published: June 2024

Fungal diseases cause substantial loss to agricultural crops, affecting both quantities and quality. Although several methods are used for preventing disease incidence, fungicides remain crucial for higher yields and better quality. But in the past, the efficacy of several fungicides has decreased due to increased cases of fungicide resistant. In our pursuit of new effective fungicides, we synthesised a series of twenty 2-Indazol-1-yl-chromen-4-one derivatives (6a- 6t). The characterization of synthesized compounds was performed by several spectroscopic methods including Infrared, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H and 13C) and HRMS. Out of 20 synthesised compounds, 19 (6b- 6t) were found to be novel. All synthesised indazolylchromones showed very good antifungal activity against Sclerotium rolfsii and Fusarium oxysporum. Among the tested compounds, 6t and 6f exhibited very good fungicidal activity against S. rolfsii with an ED50 of 10.10 mg L-1 and 16.18 mg L-1, respectively. In case of Fusarium oxysporum compound 6f displayed good’ activity with an ED50 value of 27.82 mg L-1. Molecular docking study was done to predict the binding sites of most active compounds, 6t and 6f with Cytochrome P450 14alpha -sterol demethylase (CYP51) enzyme using molsoft software. The acute toxicity predictions the of synthesized compounds for fish (LC50,96 Hr), daphnid (LC50, 48 Hr) and green algae (EC50, 96Hr) and the chronic toxicity predictions (ChV) were assessed using Ecological Structure Activity Relationship (ECOSAR) model. As per ECOSAR prediction, all the chemicals are inside AD and not missing predictions.
Working with agile and crowd: human factors identified from the industry
Authors: Qayyum Shamaila , Imtiaz Salma , Hayat Khan Huma , Almadhor Ahmad , Karovic Vincent
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Crowdsourcing software development (CSSD) is an emerging technique in software development. It helps utilize the diversified skills of people from across the world. Similar to all emerging techniques, CSSD has its own benefits and challenges. Some unique challenges arise when CSSD is used with Agile methodology. This is because many characteristics of CSSD differ from Agile principles. CSSD is a distributed approach where workers are unknown to each other, whereas Agile advocates teamness and is mostly suitable for colocated teams. Many organizations are now combining crowdsourcing software development (CSSD) and Agile methodologies, yet there is limited understanding on the implications of this integration. It is crucial to emphasize the human factors at play when implementing Agile alongside CSSD. This involves considering how teams interact, communicate, and adapt within these frameworks. By recognizing these dynamics, organizations can better navigate the complexities of integrating CSSD and Agile, ultimately fostering more efficient and collaborative development processes.

Method

This study aimed to explore the human factors involved in the integration of CSSD with Agile, by identifying the challenges that practitioners face when they follow Agile with CSSD and the strategies they follow. The study contributes by providing an in-depth understanding of a new approach, CSSD, integrated with Agile. The study also explores the challenges faced by practitioners that are not already enlisted.

Results and discussion

These identified challenges are grouped into six different categories, which are trust-related challenges, coordination and communication challenges, organizational challenges, task-related challenges, project-related challenges, and some general challenges. Strategies for each of these categories of challenges are also identified. The list of challenges and strategies identified in this study can be helpful in further research on CSSD and Agile integration. The practitioners can also follow these strategies to reduce the impact of challenges they face while they perform CSSD along with Agile.
The interaction between oral microbiota and gut microbiota in atherosclerosis
Authors: Li Xinsi , Li Qian , Wang Li , Ding Huifen , Wang Yizhong , Liu Yunfei , Gong Ting
Published: June 2024

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a complex disease caused by multiple pathological factors threatening human health-the pathogenesis is yet to be fully elucidated. In recent years, studies have exhibited that the onset of AS is closely involved with oral and gut microbiota, which may initiate or worsen atherosclerotic processes through several mechanisms. As for how the two microbiomes affect AS, existing mechanisms include invading plaque, producing active metabolites, releasing lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and inducing elevated levels of inflammatory mediators. Considering the possible profound connection between oral and gut microbiota, the effect of the interaction between the two microbiomes on the initiation and progression of AS has been investigated. Findings are oral microbiota can lead to gut dysbiosis, and exacerbate intestinal inflammation. Nevertheless, relevant research is not commendably refined and a concrete review is needed. Hence, in this review, we summarize the most recent mechanisms of the oral microbiota and gut microbiota on AS, illustrate an overview of the current clinical and epidemiological evidence to support the bidirectional connection between the two microbiomes and AS.
Estimation of the dolomite content of carbonate rock outcrops based on spectral knowledge and machine learning
Authors: Wei Wei , Shao Yanlin , Hu Zhonggui , Wang Qing , Deng Fan , Huang Yu , Zhao Kunpeng
Published: June 2024

Accurately estimating the dolomite content in carbonate rocks is crucial for optimizing oil and gas exploration and production strategies. Hyperspectral techniques for estimating dolomite content have advantages in terms of efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and non-destructiveness compared with traditional laboratory methods. Despite the abundance of hyperspectral data, feature selection and extraction remain challenging. In this study, hyperspectral data collected from surface outcrop in the field using the analytical spectral device (ASD) were applied to construct model for estimating dolomite content. Firstly, the data were preprocessed via outlier analysis and continuum transformation. Next, a hybrid approach integrating spectral knowledge with machine learning was proposed and applied to facilitate efficient and precise feature selection of the hyperspectral data; in this approach, preliminary screening based on spectral knowledge is followed by further hyperspectral data feature selection using a random forest algorithm. The selected features were then combined using a support vector regression algorithm to obtain the estimation model. Finally, the accuracy of the model was evaluated using the hyperspectral data from field outcrop samples. To further verify the effectiveness of this method, various combinations of eight input variables and four machine learning algorithms were compared. Among all combinations, our model achieved the highest accuracy with a test R2 value of 0.91 and a root-mean-square error of only 0.122. The proposed method is practical and efficient and provides precise quantitative data for field geologists to identify the mineral distribution in outcrops. Thus, our method provides robust support for understanding reservoir characteristics and has significant practical value in geological surveys and mineral exploration.
Biomimetic Fe-bearing nanoparticles in hot spring: morphology, origin and potential bioavailable Fe
Authors: Chen Zhaoying , Liu Rui , Wang Yaqin , Lu Bo , Cui Yuxiang , Zuo Lei , Zhang Peng , Wang Yaqing , Cao Cong
Published: June 2024

Iron is a critical redox-active element in geothermal water, and the presence of nanoparticulate Fe is essential in comprehending the intricate cycling of iron and related elements within the natural geothermal ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the mineral properties of Fe-bearing nanoparticles in a hot spring located in Shanxi Province. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) is utilized for the examination of the morphology, chemical composition, and crystalline structure of Fe-bearing nanoparticles. The findings show that Fe-bearing nanoparticles can exist as single particles measuring 50–200 nm in size, as well as aggregate to form nanoparticle aggregations. The morphology of Fe-bearing nanoparticles mainly includes triangle, axiolitic, and irregular shapes. The selected area electron diffraction patterns reveal the crystal form, amorphous form, and the transition from amorphous to crystalline forms of these nanoparticles. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis indicates that these nanoparticles primarily consist of O and Fe in composition, along with various trace elements including N, Al, Si, Ca, Zn, Cr, Ni, and Mo. These results reveal that goethite and hematite can occur in hot spring. Various in size and modality, tend to cluster into each other, and multiple crystalline states indicate that these iron-bearing nanoparticles are formed through natural processes. In addition, the iron-bearing nanoparticles with biomimetic morphologies (cell-like or microorganism-like shapes) may be produced through microbial activity. The biomimetic properties also imply that these nanoparticles may be readily available for biological processes. Significantly, our findings further validate that the shape of iron oxide nanoparticles can serve as an indicator of pH and temperature of the hot spring.
Developing the skills for complex thinking research: a case study using social robotics to produce scientific papers
Authors: Lopez-Caudana Edgar Omar , George-Reyes Carlos Enrique , Avello-Martínez Raidell
Published: June 2024

The development of university students’ skills to successfully produce scientific documents has been a recurring topic of study in academia. This paper analyzes the implementation of a training experience using a digital environment mediated by video content materials starring humanoid robots. The research aimed to scale complex thinking and its sub-competencies as a hinge to strengthen basic academic research skills. Students from Colombia, Ecuador, and Mexico committed to preparing a scientific document as part of their professional training participated. A pretest to know their initial level of perception, a posttest to evaluate if there was a change, and a scientific document the students delivered at the end of the training experience comprised the methodology to demonstrate the improvement of their skills. The results indicated students’ perceived improvement in the sub-competencies of systemic, creative, scientific, and innovative thinking; however, their perceptions did not align with that of the tutor who reviewed the delivered scientific product. The conclusion was that although the training experience helped strengthen the students’ skills, variables that are determinants for a student to develop the knowledge necessary to prepare scientific documents and their derived products remain to be analyzed.
The contribution of psychological capital and parental age to job satisfaction: a comparison of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder and parents of typically developing children
Authors: Hazan-Liran Batel
Published: June 2024

Introduction

A recent concern is the frequency with which children are classified as having autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). Parents of children with ASD report difficulties in all areas of life, including the workplace. Previous studies show psychological capital (PsyCap), defined as a combination of hope, self-efficacy, optimism and resilience, is a key factor in job satisfaction and coping in numerous areas. I examined the relations of PsyCap with job satisfaction in parents of ASD children and parents of typically developing children.

Methods

The study involved 141 participants, 127 women, 14 men. About half (n = 69) had a child with ASD (mean age 41.41, SD 5.79), and about half (n = 72) had a typically developing child (mean age 43.65, SD 7.29). Measurements comprised the Job Satisfaction Questionnaire and the PsyCap questionnaire (PCQ). Data were collected online.

Results

Positive relations between PsyCap and job satisfaction was found for both groups. Parents of children with ASD had higher levels of resilience than their comparators. With increased age, parents of children with ASD reported decreased job satisfaction; parents of typically developing children reported increased job satisfaction.

Discussion

The study expands the understanding of how parents of children with ASD cope at the occupational level. Their job satisfaction decreases with age. Organizations who employ parents of children with special needs in general and ASD in particular should take this into account and discuss their employees' changing needs to maximize their job satisfaction and give them room for professional development under flexible conditions.
Association of circulating vitamin levels with thyroid diseases: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhang Wenke , Liu Erhao , Que Huafa
Published: June 2024

Background

Previous observational studies have shown conflicting results of vitamins supplementation for thyroid diseases. The causal relationships between vitamins and thyroid diseases are unclear. Therefore, we conducted a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study to explore association of circulating vitamin levels with thyroid diseases.

Methods

We performed a bidirectional MR analysis using genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. Genetic tool variables for circulating vitamin levels include vitamins A, B9, B12, C, D, and E, Genetic tool variables of thyroid diseases include autoimmune hyperthyroidism, autoimmune hypothyroidism, thyroid nodules (TNs), and Thyroid cancer (TC). Inverse-variance weighted multiplicative random effects (IVW-RE) was mainly used for MR Analysis, weighted median (WM) and MR Egger were used as supplementary methods to evaluate the relationships between circulating vitamin levels and thyroid diseases. Sensitivity and pluripotency were evaluated by Cochran’s Q test, MR-PRESSO, Radial MR, MR-Egger regression and leave-one-out analysis.

Results

Positive MR evidence suggested that circulating vitamin C level is a protective factor in autoimmune hypothyroidism (ORIVW-RE=0.69, 95%CI: 0.58-0.83, p = 1.05E-04). Reverse MR Evidence showed that genetic susceptibility to autoimmune hyperthyroidism is associated with reduced level of circulating vitamin A(ORIVW-RE = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95–1.00, p = 4.38E-02), genetic susceptibility of TNs was associated with an increased level of circulating vitamin D (ORIVW-RE = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00–1.03, p = 6.86E-03). No causal and reverse causal relationship was detected between other circulating vitamin levels and thyroid diseases.

Conclusion

Our findings provide genetic evidence supporting a bi-directional causal relationship between circulating vitamin levels and thyroid diseases. These findings provide information for the clinical application of vitamins prevention and treatment of thyroid diseases.
Confirmation of the power gain for solar photovoltaic systems in alpine areas and across scales
Authors: Frischholz Y. , Schilt U. , Sharma V. , Kahl A. , Strebel S. , Anderegg D. , Rohrer J. , Lehning M.
Published: June 2024

Introduction: High Alpine regions show a great potential for solar photovoltaic electricity production in winter due to the reflective properties of snow and the larger number of sun hours compared to lower urban and peri-urban regions. In countries with a pronounced deficit in domestic electricity production such as Switzerland, utility-scale projects of Alpine-PV power plants are now flourishing. The harsh environmental conditions and the complexity of the high-Alpine topography however challenge the conventional design practices. In this context, the main question the article addresses is the representation of test-scale measurement in the performances of Alpine-PV, utility-scale power plants.

Methods: This article focuses on the comparison between long term tests and the first Alpine-PV utility-scale power plant in Switzerland.

Results: The results show that the main performance indicators such as the Alpine-to-Midlands final yield ratio or the winter fraction, do scale. However, absolute final yield values are consistently lower at the utility scale.

Discussion: The paper discusses the possible impacts of the complex Alpine topography as constraint for the design of the larger extent of utility-scale power plants as well as the influence of scale on the snow induced losses.
Unveiling Immune-related feature genes for Alzheimer’s disease based on machine learning
Authors: Zhang Guimei , Sun Shuo , Wang Yingying , Zhao Yang , Sun Li
Published: June 2024

The identification of diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) remains a crucial area of research. In this study, utilizing the Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) algorithm, we identified RHBDF2 and TNFRSF10B as feature genes associated with AD pathogenesis. Analyzing data from the GSE33000 dataset, we revealed significant upregulation of RHBDF2 and TNFRSF10B in AD patients, with correlations to age and gender. Interestingly, their expression profile in AD differs notably from that of other neurodegenerative conditions. Functional analysis unveiled their involvement in immune response and various signaling pathways implicated in AD pathogenesis. Furthermore, our study demonstrated the potential of RHBDF2 and TNFRSF10B as diagnostic biomarkers, exhibiting high discrimination power in distinguishing AD from control samples. External validation across multiple datasets confirmed the robustness of the diagnostic model. Moreover, utilizing molecular docking analysis, we identified dinaciclib and tanespimycin as promising small molecule drugs targeting RHBDF2 and TNFRSF10B for potential AD treatment. Our findings highlight the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of RHBDF2 and TNFRSF10B in AD management, shedding light on novel strategies for precision medicine in AD.
Mechanism, structural and functional insights into nidovirus-induced double-membrane vesicles
Authors: Wang Xi , Chen Yiwu , Qi Chunyun , Li Feng , Zhang Yuanzhu , Zhou Jian , Wu Heyong , Zhang Tianyi , Qi Aosi , Ouyang Hongsheng , Xie Zicong , Pang Daxin
Published: June 2024

During infection, positive-stranded RNA causes a rearrangement of the host cell membrane, resulting in specialized membrane structure formation aiding viral genome replication. Double-membrane vesicles (DMVs), typical structures produced by virus-induced membrane rearrangements, are platforms for viral replication. Nidoviruses, one of the most complex positive-strand RNA viruses, have the ability to infect not only mammals and a few birds but also invertebrates. Nidoviruses possess a distinctive replication mechanism, wherein their nonstructural proteins (nsps) play a crucial role in DMV biogenesis. With the participation of host factors related to autophagy and lipid synthesis pathways, several viral nsps hijack the membrane rearrangement process of host endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, and other organelles to induce DMV formation. An understanding of the mechanisms of DMV formation and its structure and function in the infectious cycle of nidovirus may be essential for the development of new and effective antiviral strategies in the future.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors in colorectal cancer: limitation and challenges
Authors: Yan Suying , Wang Wanting , Feng Zhiqiang , Xue Jun , Liang Weizheng , Wu Xueliang , Tan Zhiquan , Zhang Xipeng , Zhang Shuai , Li Xichuan , Zhang Chunze
Published: June 2024

Colorectal cancer exhibits a notable prevalence and propensity for metastasis, but the current therapeutic interventions for metastatic colorectal cancer have yielded suboptimal results. ICIs can decrease tumor development by preventing the tumor’s immune evasion, presenting cancer patients with a new treatment alternative. The increased use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in CRC has brought several issues. In particular, ICIs have demonstrated significant clinical effectiveness in patients with MSI-H CRC, whereas their efficacy is limited in MSS. Acquired resistance can still occur in patients with a positive response to ICIs. This paper describes the efficacy of ICIs currently in the clinical treatment of CRC, discusses the mechanisms by which acquired resistance occurs, primarily related to loss and impaired presentation of tumor antigens, reduced response of IFN-λ and cytokine or metabolic dysregulation, and summarizes the incidence of adverse effects. We posit that the future of ICIs hinges upon the advancement of precise prediction biomarkers and the implementation of combination therapies. This study aims to elucidate the constraints associated with ICIs in CRC and foster targeted problem-solving approaches, thereby enhancing the potential benefits for more patients.
A physics-informed Bayesian data assimilation approach for real-time drilling tool lateral motion prediction
Authors: Song Fei , Shi Kevin , Li Ke , Mahjoub Amine , Ossia Sepand , Loretz Ives , Serafim Robson
Published: June 2024

In this study, a Bayesian data assimilation method that fuses physics with motion sensor data is demonstrated to infer the dynamic states at points of interest on the bottomhole assembly (BHA) with proper uncertainty quantification. A 4.75 inch-LWD (Logging-while-drilling) tool has been used as a use case, where the dynamic states at the formation evaluation sensor can be predicted in real time with the measurements at the motion sensor as the required inputs. This was achieved with a developed transfer function that utilizes unscented Kalman filtering technique. The robustness of the transfer function was evaluated with synthetic data obtained from finite element analysis (FEA) simulations for various BHA configurations and drilling conditions. It was found that the prediction by the transfer function agrees favorably well with the true states of motion at the formation evaluation sensor. Specifically, using the developed transfer function can help reduce the relative errors for the motion trajectories at the formation evaluation sensor by a factor of 3, and can significantly enhance measurement quality risk classification. The developed transfer function method was further assessed with experimental roll test data, which is considered as close to drilling conditions. The prediction by the transfer function was found consistently close to the ground truth in the presence of backward whirl. The developed modeling method can potentially have broader impacts by enabling fit-for-basin virtual V&V (Verification and Validation) to accelerate LWD tool development, or enabling future drilling optimization.
Causal associations between pediatric asthma and united airways disease: a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Gao Tongxun , Cai Qiuhan , Hu Siyuan , Zhu Rongxin , Wang Jixuan
Published: June 2024

Background

Prior observational research has indicated a potential link between pediatric asthma and united airways disease (UAD). However, these findings could be subject to confounding factors and reverse causation. Therefore, our study utilizes Mendelian randomization (MR) method to further investigate the causal relationship between pediatric asthma and UAD.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the association between pediatric asthma and seven groups of UAD, including chronic sinusitis, chronic rhinitis, nasopharyngitis and pharyngitis, chronic diseases of tonsils and adenoids, chronic laryngitis and laryngotracheitis, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The present study employed a range of methods for two-sample MR analysis, including inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression, Simple mode, weighted median, and weighted models. The conclusion of the MR analysis primarily relies on the IVW results, while other analytical methods are utilized as supplementary evidence to ensure result robustness in this MR analysis. And sensitivity analyses were conducted, including heterogeneity test, horizontal pleiotropy test, MR-PRESSO test, and leave-one-out analysis to validate the results.

Results

The results of the MR analysis indicate significant causal effects of pediatric asthma on chronic rhinitis, nasopharyngitis and pharyngitis (IVW: OR = 1.15, 95%CI: 1.05–1.26, p-value = 0.003), chronic diseases of tonsils and adenoids (IVW: OR = 1.07, 95%CI: 1.00–1.15, p-value = 0.038), chronic bronchitis (IVW: OR = 1.51, 95%CI: 1.42–1.62, p-value <0.001), bronchiectasis (IVW: OR = 1.51, 95%CI: (1.30–1.75), p-value <0.001), and COPD (IVW: OR = 1.43, 95%CI: 1.34–1.51, p-value <0.001). However, no significant causal association was observed between pediatric asthma and chronic sinusitis (IVW: OR = 1.00, 95%CI: 1.00–1.00, p-value = 0.085), chronic laryngitis and laryngotracheitis (IVW: OR = 1.05, 95%CI: 0.90–1.21, p-value = 0.558).

Conclusion

Our findings support a potential causal relationship between pediatric asthma and UAD, suggesting that pediatric asthma may be a potential risk factor for various UAD.
Clinical features, immunologic parameter and treatment outcome of Chinese tuberculosis patients with or without DM
Authors: Tong Fengjun , Lai Jie , Lu Zhenhui , Bao Zhijian , Cao Junyan
Published: June 2024

Background

The coexistence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) poses a significant health concern globally, with their convergence presenting a considerable challenge to healthcare systems. Previous research has highlighted that comorbidities can mutually influence and exacerbate immune disorders. However, there is a paucity of data on the impact of DM on immunological features and treatment responses in the TB population in China.

Methods

From January 2020 to June 2022, 264 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis patients (82 DM patients and 182 non-DM patients) hospitalized in our center were selected. 80 patients with TB with DM (TB-DM) and 80 patients with TB without DM (TB-NDM) were enrolled into the final analysis by propensity score matching for age, gender and involved lung field at a ratio of 1:1. The clinical characteristics, immunological features and treatment response were compared between the two groups.

Results

After propensity score matching, no differences in the general features such as age gender, involved lung field, the incidence of retreatment and WBC count were found between the two groups. Compared to TB-NDM group, the TB-DM group exhibited a higher positive rate of sputum smear and incidence of cavitary lesions. Immunological features analysis revealed that the TB-DM patients had higher levels of TNF-α [pg/ml; 8.56 (7.08–13.35) vs. 7.64 (6.38–10.14) p = 0.033] and IL-8 [pg/ml; 25.85 (11.63–58.40) vs. 17.56 (6.44–39.08) p = 0.003] but lower CD8+ T lymphocyte count [cells/mm3; 334.02 (249.35–420.71) VS 380.95 (291.73–471.25) p = 0.038]. However, there was no significant difference in serum IL-6 concentration and CD4+ T lymphocyte count between the two groups. After 2 months of anti-tuberculosis treatment, 39 (24.4%) cases had suboptimal treatment response, including 23 (28.7%) TB-DM patients and 16 (20%) TB-NDM patients. There was no difference in suboptimal response rate (SRR) was found between the two groups (p = 0.269). The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that retreatment for TB [AOR: 5.68 (95%CI: 2.01–16.08), p = 0.001], sputum smear positivity [AOR: 8.01 (95%CI: 2.62–24.50), p = 0.001] were associated with SRR in all participants, and in TB-DM group, only sputum smear positivity [AOR: 16.47 (1.75–155.12), p = 0.014] was positive with SRR.

Conclusion

DM is a risk factor for pulmonary cavity formation and sputum smear positivity in TB population. Additionally, TB-DM patients is characterized by enhanced cytokine responses and decreased CD8+ T lymphocytes. The retreatment for TB and sputum smear positivity were associated with the occurrence of suboptimal treatment response.
The impact of ketamine on pain-related outcomes after thoracotomy: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhaksylyk Aruzhan , Abdildin Yerkin G. , Sultangazin Suienish , Zhumakanova Aigerim , Viderman Dmitriy
Published: June 2024

Objective

This meta-analysis aims to examine how effective ketamine is in the management of acute and preventing chronic post-thoracotomy pain by synthesizing the available research.

Method

A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library till May 2023. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) examining the influence of ketamine on post-thoracotomy pain in adults were included. The intervention group included ketamine plus morphine, while the control group included morphine only. The outcome measures were opioid intake and pain scores at rest and on moving/coughing. Evidence quality was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias and GRADE assessment.

Results

Nine articles comprising 556 patients were selected for meta-analysis. The intervention group had a significant decrease in pain at rest (Std. Mean Difference (SMD = −0.60 with 95% CI [−0.83, −0.37]) and on movement/cough (SMD = −0.73 [−1.27, −0.18]) in the first postoperative days. Also, the ketamine group had lower opioid consumption (mg) in comparison with controls (SMD = −2.75 [−4.14, −1.36],p-value = 0.0001) in postoperative days 1-3. There was no data to assess the long-term effect of ketamine on chronic pain.

Conclusion

This meta-analysis shows that ketamine use can lower acute pain levels and morphine use after thoracotomy. In the future, larger RCTs using standardized methods and assessing both short-term and long-term analgesic effects of ketamine are necessary to deepen the understanding of the issue.
Case report: A healthy baby achieved after preimplantation genetic testing from an infertile woman with hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer syndrome
Authors: Hu Qianhui , Zhang Qing , Guo Mengxi , Ding Haixia , Xi Ji , Zhang Meiling , Wang Min , Zhang Lin , Li Shuyuan , Wu Dandan , Li Wen
Published: June 2024

Background

Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) is a rare autosomal dominant inheritable disease caused by Fumarate hydratase (FH) gene germline mutation. It is speculated that for HRLCC infertility women with multiple uterine leiomyomas, preimplantation genetic testing may help block transmission of mutated FH gene during pregnancy.

Case presentation

We present the case of a 26-year-old nulligravida with a history of early-onset uterine leiomyomatosis had a heterozygous nonsense mutation [NM_000143.4 (FH): c.1027C > T(p.Arg343Ter)] in the HRLLC gene. After ovulation induction and in vitro fertilization, preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders (PGT-M) on embryos revealed the absence of the pathogenic allele in two blastomeres. Uterine fibroids were identified before embryo transfer, leading to a submucosal myomectomy and long period of pituitary suppression by Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRHa). The patient achieved a healthy live birth after the second cycle of frozen–thawed embryo transfer.

Conclusion

This case details the successful treatment of an infertile patient with an HRLLC family history, resulting in a healthy birth through myomectomy and PGT-M selected embryo transplantation. Our literature search indicates the first reported live birth after HRLLC-PGT-M.
Clinical diagnosis and treatment of seven patients diagnosed pneumonia caused by Chlamydia abortus: a case series report
Authors: Wen Ya , Du Yanjia , Shi Xiaoyan , Zeng Zixiong
Published: June 2024

Background

Chlamydia abortus pneumonia is very rare in normal people. At present, there is a lack of clinical data on the clinical characteristics and diagnosis and treatment experience of patients with this type of infection. Our team had recently treated 7 cases of these patients. This study aims to comprehensively summarize and analyze the clinical characteristics and treatment methods of Chlamydia abortus pneumonia, and to provide clinical evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of Chlamydia abortus pneumonia.

Methods

Clinical data were retrospectively collected from patients diagnosed with Chlamydia abortus pneumonia through metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) at the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Meizhou People’s Hospital.

Results

Seven patients with Chlamydia abortus pneumonia reported a history of poultry exposure, experiencing fever alongside respiratory or digestive symptoms. Marked elevation of blood inflammation markers, accompanied by hypoproteinemia and liver damage, was observed. Chest CT scans revealed pneumonia and pleural effusion. Chlamydia abortus was detected in blood or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) through mNGS, often co-occurring with Chlamydia psittaci or other bacteria infections. Notably, Doxycycline demonstrated efficacy in treating Chlamydia abortus.

Conclusion

Chlamydia abortus infection is a zoonotic disease, particularly among individuals with a history of poultry exposure, and mNGS emerges as a reliable diagnostic tool for its detection. Chlamydia abortus infection manifests with systemic and lung inflammation, effectively addressed through Doxycycline therapy.
DRB1 locus alleles of HLA class II are associated with modulation of the immune response in different serological profiles of HIV-1/Epstein-Barr virus coinfection in the Brazilian Amazon region
Authors: Pereira Leonn Mendes Soares , dos Santos França Eliane , Costa Iran Barros , Lima Igor Tenório , Jorge Erika Vanessa Oliveira , de Souza Mendonça Mattos Patrícia Jeanne , Freire Amaury Bentes Cunha , de Paula Ramos Francisco Lúzio , Monteiro Talita Antonia Furtado , Macedo Olinda , Sousa Rita Catarina Medeiros , Freitas Felipe Bonfim , Costa Igor Brasil , Vallinoto Antonio Carlos Rosário
Published: June 2024

Background

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection involves distinct clinical and serological profiles. We evaluated the frequency of alleles of locus DRB1 of HLA class II in different serological profiles of EBV infection among HIV-1 infected patients.

Methods

We recruited 19 patients with primary infection, 90 with serological transition and 467 with past infection by EBV, HIV-1 co-infection was 100% in primary infection and approximately 70% in other serological profiles. EBV viral load was quantified by real-time PCR, T lymphocyte quantification and cytokine level analysis were performed by flow cytometry, and HLA locus genotyping was performed by PCR-SSO.

Results

The DRB1*09 allele was associated with primary infection (p: 0.0477), and carriers of the allele showed changes in EBV viral load (p: 0.0485), CD8(+) T lymphocyte counts (p: 0.0206), double-positive T lymphocyte counts (p: 0.0093), IL-4 levels (p: 0.0464) and TNF levels (p: 0.0161). This allele was also frequent in HIV-coinfected individuals (p: 0.0023) and was related to the log10 HIV viral load (p: 0.0176) and CD8(+) T lymphocyte count (p: 0.0285). In primary infection, the log10 HIV viral load was high (p: 0.0060) and directly proportional to the EBV viral load (p: 0.0412). The DRB1*03 allele correlated with serological transition (p: 0.0477), EBV viral load (p: 0.0015), CD4(+) T lymphocyte count (p: 0.0112), CD8(+) T lymphocyte count (p: 0.0260), double-negative T lymphocyte count (p: 0.0540), IL-4 levels (p: 0.0478) and IL-6 levels (p: 0.0175). In the serological transition group, the log10 HIV viral load was high (p: 0.0060), but it was not associated with the EBV viral load (p: 0.1214). Past infection was related to the DRB1*16 allele (p: 0.0477), with carriers displaying IgG levels (p: 0.0020), CD4(+) T lymphocyte counts (p: 0.0116) and suggestive CD8(+) T count alterations (p: 0.0602). The DRB01*16 allele was also common in HIV-1 patients with past EBV infection (p: 0.0192); however, the allele was not associated with clinical markers of HIV-1 infection.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that HLA class II alleles may be associated with the modulation of the serological profiles of the immune response to Epstein-Barr virus infection in patients coinfected with HIV-1.
Is the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio efficient in predicting adverse neonatal outcomes in small-for-gestational-age newborns? A prospective observational multicenter cohort study
Authors: Kosińska-Kaczyńska Katarzyna , Chaberek Katarzyna , Szymecka-Samaha Natalia , Brawura-Biskupski-Samaha Robert , Czapska Agnieszka , Żebrowska Kinga , Dera Norbert , Madzelewski Jan , Góra Jakub , Borawski Kacper , Włoch Weronika , Scholz Anna
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Fetuses with growth abnormalities are at an increased risk of adverse neonatal outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate if placental growth factor (PlGF), soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), or the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio were efficient predictive factors of adverse neonatal outcomes in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) newborns.

Methods

A prospective observational multicenter cohort study was performed between 2020 and 2023. At the time of the SGA fetus diagnosis, serum angiogenic biomarker measurements were performed. The primary outcome was an adverse neonatal outcome, diagnosed in the case of any of the following: <34 weeks of gestation: mechanical ventilation, sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage grade III or IV, and neonatal death before discharge; ≥34 weeks of gestation: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit hospitalization, mechanical ventilation, continuous positive airway pressure, sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage grade III or IV, and neonatal death before discharge.

Results

In total, 192 women who delivered SGA newborns were included in the study. The serum concentrations of PlGF were lower, leading to a higher sFlt-1/PlGF ratio in the adverse outcome group. No significant differences in sFlt-1 levels were observed between the groups. Both PlGF and sFlt-1 had a moderate correlation with adverse neonatal outcomes (PlGF: R − 0.5, p < 0.001; sFlt-1: 0.5, p < 0.001). The sFlt-1/PlGF ratio showed a correlation of 0.6 (p < 0.001) with adverse outcomes. The uterine artery pulsatility index (PI) and the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio were identified as the only independent risk factors for adverse outcomes. An sFlt-1/PlGF ratio of 19.1 exhibited high sensitivity (85.1%) but low specificity (35.9%) in predicting adverse outcomes and had the strongest correlation with them. This ratio allowed the risk of adverse outcomes to be assessed as low with approximately 80% certainty.

Discussion

The sFlt-1/PlGF ratio seems to be an efficient predictive tool in adverse outcome risk assessment. More studies on large cohorts of SGA-complicated pregnancies with and without preeclampsia are needed to develop an optimal and detailed formula for the risk assessment of adverse outcomes in SGA newborns.
Development of bedaquiline nanoemulsions intended for paediatric multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: excipient selection and preformulation studies
Authors: Ajayi Taiwo Oreoluwa , Poka Madan Sai , Witika Bwalya Angel
Published: June 2024

Preformulation investigations into the development of drug formulations, encompassing considerations related to the structure of the drug, excipients, composition, and physical attributes are crucial. This phase is pivotal in ensuring the ultimate success of nanoemulsion development. The objective of this study was to evaluate and define the properties of bedaquiline (BDQ) and the necessary excipients for the formulation of self-emulsifying BDQ-loaded nanoemulsions. To determine the saturation solubility of BDQ in various oils, an in-house validated HPLC method was used. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was utilised to identify and evaluate the compatibility between BDQ and the selected excipients. The water titration method was used to construct phase diagrams to identify the type of structure that resulted following emulsification and to characterise the behaviour of mixtures along dilution paths. The solubility studies revealed that BDQ exhibited the highest solubility in olive oil, with a solubility of 3.45 ± 0.041 mg/ml. The design space led to the formation of emulsions categorised as Winsor products. Importantly, the FTIR data indicated the absence of any potential interactions between BDQ and the chosen excipients. The preformulation studies were successful and facilitated the selection of compatible and suitable excipients for the formulation of BDQ-loaded nanoemulsions.
Pan-genome survey of Septoria pistaciarum, causal agent of Septoria leaf spot of pistachios, across three Aegean sub-regions of Greece
Authors: Zambounis Antonios , Boutsika Anastasia , Gray Naomi , Hossain Mohitul , Chatzidimopoulos Michael , Tsitsigiannis Dimitrios I. , Paplomatas Epaminondas , Hane James
Published: June 2024

Septoria pistaciarum, a causal agent of Septoria leaf spot disease of pistachio, is a fungal pathogen that causes substantial losses in the cultivation, worldwide. This study describes the first pan-genome-based survey of this phytopathogen—comprising a total of 27 isolates, with 9 isolates each from 3 regional units of Greece (Pieria, Larissa and Fthiotida). The reference isolate (SPF8) assembled into a total of 43.1 Mb, with 38.6% contained within AT-rich regions of approximately 37.5% G:C. The genomes of the 27 isolates exhibited on average 42% gene-coding and 20% repetitive regions. The genomes of isolates from the southern Fthiotida region appeared to more diverged from each other than the other regions based on SNP-derived trees, and also contained isolates similar to both the Pieria and Larissa regions. In contrast, isolates of the Pieria and Larissa were less diverse and distinct from one another. Asexual reproduction appeared to be typical, with no MAT1-2 locus detected in any isolate. Genome-based prediction of infection mode indicated hemibiotrophic and saprotrophic adaptations, consistent with its long latent phase. Gene prediction and orthology clustering generated a pan-genome-wide gene set of 21,174 loci. A total of 59 ortholog groups were predicted to contain candidate effector proteins, with 36 (61%) of these either having homologs to known effectors from other species or could be assigned predicted functions from matches to conserved domains. Overall, effector prediction suggests that S. pistaciarum employs a combination of defensive effectors with roles in suppression of host defenses, and offensive effectors with a range of cytotoxic activities. Some effector-like ortholog groups presented as divergent versions of the same protein, suggesting region-specific adaptations may have occurred. These findings provide insights and future research directions in uncovering the pathogenesis and population dynamics of S. pistaciarum toward the efficient management of Septoria leaf spot of pistachio.