bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sense of Competence as Mediator on Parenting Stress
Authors: Daulay Nurussakinah , Ramdhani Neila , Hadjam Noor Rochman
Published: November 2018

Background:

Mothers who have children with special needs are prone to parenting stress due to the limitations of the children.

Objectives:

This study aimed to test the contributions of hardiness, social support and child’s maladaptive behaviors as mediated by parenting sense of competence to parenting stress in mothers of children with special-need.

Methods:

The participants of this study were 256 mothers. Five variables used were hardiness, social support, child’s maladaptive behavior, parenting sense of competence, and parenting stress, which shaped the structural model of the study. The data of this study were analyzed in two stages, using a structural equation modeling to assess a full model and post-hoc analysis to assess the differences of parenting stress based on types of the children’s disabilities.

Results:

The results: 1) parenting stress was directly influenced by hardiness, social support, child’s maladaptive behavior, and parenting sense of competence; 2) The relationship between hardiness and parenting stress was mediated by parenting sense of competence; 3) the mothers having children with autism spectrum disorder went through parenting stress higher than those raising children with other types of special need.

Conclusion:

The importance of parenting sense of competence as the mediator variable is discussed The determinant of parenting stress is directly affected by a child’s maladaptive behavior that has a positive correlation with parenting stress. The hardiness and parenting sense of competence as mother’s internal strength has a negative correlation with parenting stress, and so do the social support as external strength.
Optimization of Itroconazole Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Topical Delivery
Authors: Chaudhari Pallavi M. , Patil Amruta R.
Published: November 2018

Introduction:

The objective of this study was to formulate water-insoluble drug Itraconazole
(ITZ) into Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) for topical delivery.

Methods:

The drug-loaded SLNs were prepared by Microemulsion method using cholesterol (CH)
and Lubritab (LU) and further characterized for different parameters like particle size, zeta potential,
drug entrapment efficiency etc. The mean particle size with Lubritab SLN was in the range
155.01-161.67 nm, whereas for Cholestrol SLN it was in the range of 218.87-230.16 nm. SEM
showed spherical nature of the SLNs.

Results:

The entrapment efficiency of SLN was found to be more for cholesterol as compared to
Lubritab. The crystalline properties of drug was reduced in SLNs as evaluated by X-ray diffraction
(XRD). Ex vivo study indicated the ITZ-SLN exhibited high concentration.

Conclusion:

The permeability of drug was studied by use of Franz-diffusion cell, and permeation
of drug through Lubritab SLN (ITZ LU) was higher than that of Cholesterol SLN (ITZ CH). The
formulated ITZ-SLNs exhibited clear zone.
Eccentric Methodology with Optimization to Unearth Hidden Facts of Search Engine Result Pages
Authors: Sethuraman Jayaraman , Alzubi Jafar A. , Manikandan Ramachandran , Gheisari Mehdi , Kumar Ambeshwar
Published: November 2018

Background:

The World Wide Web houses an abundance of information that is used every
day by billions of users across the world to find relevant data. Website owners employ
webmasters to ensure their pages are ranked top in search engine result pages. However, understanding
how the search engine ranks a website, which comprises numerous web pages, as the top ten or
twenty websites is a major challenge. Although systems have been developed to understand the
ranking process, a specialized tool based approach has not been tried.

Objective:

This paper develops a new framework and system that process website contents to determine
search engine optimization factors.

Methods:

To analyze the web page dynamically by assessing the web site content based on specific
keywords, elimination method was used in an attempt to reveal various search engine optimization
techniques.

Conclusion:

Our results lead to conclude that the developed system is able to perform a deeper
analysis and find factors which play a role in bringing the site on the top of the list.
The Trafficking Defence: A Proposed Model for the Non-Criminalisation of Trafficked Persons in International Law
Authors: Hoshi Bijan
Published: November 2018

Trafficked persons are often re-traumatised by being criminalised for offences that they have committed as a result of their status as trafficked persons. This paper argues that in the absence of a binding international law model for the non-criminalisation of trafficked persons, there is no unified vision of non-criminalisation to which regional and national legislators may (or must) adhere. As a result, the existing provisions giving effect to the noncriminalisation principle at the regional level in Europe and the national level in the United Kingdom are deficient in two significant respects: first, they require that the offence was committed under a high degree of pressure (rather than being a direct consequence of the trafficking situation); and, secondly, they are qualified (because non-criminalisation is discretionary). A model is proposed for the non-criminalisation of trafficked persons in international law to be incorporated into the international legal framework through an amendment to the Trafficking Protocol in the form of an additional clause empowering trafficked persons to protect themselves against criminalisation by way of a positive defence; the trafficking defence.
Bridging the gap between individual privacy and public security
Authors: Weber Rolf H. , Staiger Dominic N.
Published: November 2018

This article outlines the concept and origin of privacy law as it is applied today in various jurisdictions around the world. It then provides examples of governmental intervention affecting the privacy rights of individuals and critically examines their suitability and proportionality in light of the environment in which they operate. Balancing the interest of an individual’s privacy against the often legitimate concerns of a government for public order requires legislators to implement laws which provide an appropriate balance between these two competing interests. Throughout the article varying approaches in setting boundaries for privacy laws are analysed and improvements suggested. Furthermore the privacy challenges created in the online world are addressed and current developments highlighted.
Harnessing the Human Rights Reasonableness Principle for Access to Medicine
Authors: Zinzombe Shamiso
Published: November 2018

The reasonableness principle has come to the fore in human rights law with the entry into force of a much anticipated Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. While the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, monitoring implementation of the treaty, has maintained a similar principle in documents such as its statements, this is the first time that the reasonableness principle has been formally enumerated in human rights treaty law. The manner in which pharmaceutical corporations exploit patents in the context of the human right entitlement to access medicine is an interesting area to examine using this principle. The application of patents to medicine is controversial and rightly challenged for creating a system of innovation that prioritises profits over people. This unconscionable system is one for which activists, scholars and commentators are correctly calling for a human rights based open system of innovation that ensures access to medicine for all in need. This article, however, explores strategies that could be used in the meantime. These strategies speak to some causes of this problem related to decisions to use intellectual property in certain contexts. For example, the seizure of generic medicine en route from India to Brazil whilst in transit in Rotterdam, the use of multiple patents through strategies known as 'evergreening', patent 'thicketing' or 'clustering' to thwart the entry of generic medicine, or restrictions on voluntary licences such as geographic restrictions that prevent supply of medicine to certain territories. At the same time, it is worthwhile noting that the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property contains provisions which could work with the reasonableness principle. Thus, this article argues, in addition to other principles advanced in the human rights community in this area, it is also possible to apply a reasonableness principle to the use of intellectual property in the area of medicine. It does so by using seizure of in-transit generic medicine as a case study with which to extrapolate the potential application of the reasonableness principle. This paper sets out an introduction, explains the practice of intercepting or seizing generic medicine in-transit, discusses the reasonableness principle and explores the reasonableness principle as a mechanism to hold pharmaceutical corporations to account in order to promote, rather than hinder access to medicine.
Realising the Right to Health for Victims of International Crimes. The Case of Medical Rehabilitation Reparations Ordered by International Courts: Challenges, Possibilities and Ways of Improvement
Authors: Pérez-León Acevedo Juan Pablo
Published: November 2018

In the last few decades, international crimes, ie, serious human rights violations, have inflicted severe harm on both the physical and mental health of large numbers of victims around the world. In attempting to redress these damages, international courts, within their respective mandates, have issued reparations orders in favour of victims and their communities. Precisely, an important modality of reparations has consisted of rehabilitation which includes measures of a medical nature for victims. This means physical and psychological rehabilitation including treatment, care and support. At three international level courts, namely, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR), International Criminal Court (ICC), and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC), important developments in the field of medical rehabilitative reparations have taken place. This article critically analyses the practices on medical rehabilitation reparations at those courts, suggests which steps should be taken to improve those practices and proposes which actions States and other international community actors should adopt to better implement and/or contribute towards the implementation of orders on medical rehabilitation reparations. Attention is also given to international human rights law, particularly the obligation to cooperate and the right to health standards and principles.
ICC and Afrocentrism: The Laws, Politics and Biases in Global Criminal Justice
Authors: Ndubuisi Nwafor , Onoriode Mukoro Benjamin
Published: November 2018

The International Criminal Court (ICC) was established to prosecute the most serious crimes of concern to the international community as a whole. However, since its inception, the Court has been wholly focused on Africa in terms of indictments and trials. This has led many Africans, including state leaders, to question the integrity of the Court. While most explanations of the ICC’s focus on Africa have bordered on the political, this work attempts to find out the reason for the Court’s slant towards Africa in the very Statute by which it was established. Therefore, this paper finds that of the four broad crimes that the ICC has jurisdiction to try, three (crimes against humanity, war crimes and genocide) are more likely to occur in Africa, while the fourth (the crime of aggression), will more likely be perpetrated by or at the instigation of individuals in powerful States.
Feasibility, Acceptability, and Adoption of Digital Fingerprinting During Contact Investigation for Tuberculosis in Kampala, Uganda: A Parallel-Convergent Mixed-Methods Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: White Elizabeth B , Meyer Amanda J , Ggita Joseph M , Babirye Diana , Mark David , Ayakaka Irene , Haberer Jessica E , Katamba Achilles , Armstrong-Hough Mari , Davis John Lucian
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND

In resource-constrained settings, challenges with unique patient identification may limit continuity of care, monitoring and evaluation, and data integrity. Biometrics offers an appealing but understudied potential solution.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this mixed-methods study was to understand the feasibility, acceptability, and adoption of digital fingerprinting for patient identification in a study of household tuberculosis contact investigation in Kampala, Uganda.

METHODS

Digital fingerprinting was performed using multispectral fingerprint scanners. We tested associations between demographic, clinical, and temporal characteristics and failure to capture a digital fingerprint. We used generalized estimating equations and a robust covariance estimator to account for clustering. In addition, we evaluated the clustering of outcomes by household and community health workers (CHWs) by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). To understand the determinants of intended and actual use of fingerprinting technology, we conducted 15 in-depth interviews with CHWs and applied a widely used conceptual framework, the Technology Acceptance Model 2 (TAM2).

RESULTS

Digital fingerprints were captured for 75.5% (694/919) of participants, with extensive clustering by household (ICC=.99) arising from software (108/179, 60.3%) and hardware (65/179, 36.3%) failures. Clinical and demographic characteristics were not markedly associated with fingerprint capture. CHWs successfully fingerprinted all contacts in 70.1% (213/304) of households, with modest clustering of outcomes by CHWs (ICC=.18). The proportion of households in which all members were successfully fingerprinted declined over time (ρ=.30, P<.001). In interviews, CHWs reported that fingerprinting failures lowered their perceptions of the quality of the technology, threatened their social image as competent health workers, and made the technology more difficult to use.

CONCLUSIONS

We found that digital fingerprinting was feasible and acceptable for individual identification, but problems implementing the hardware and software lead to a high failure rate. Although CHWs found fingerprinting to be acceptable in principle, their intention to use the technology was tempered by perceptions that it was inconsistent and of questionable value. TAM2 provided a valuable framework for understanding the motivations behind CHWs’ intentions to use the technology. We emphasize the need for routine process evaluation of biometrics and other digital technologies in resource-constrained settings to assess implementation effectiveness and guide improvement of delivery.
A REVIEW ON OSMOTICALLY CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS
Authors: Sharma Amit , Kumar Damit , Painuly Neelam
Published: November 2018

Osmotically controlling drug delivery system is one of the best method of drug technology it is highly fruitful and effective. In this osmotic pressure is used to deliver drug properly as osmosis is the movement from lower concentration to the higher concentration. By this system we can release drug in proper manner as it is widely accepted technique with interesting facts and use. There are various drug delivery components like drugs. Osmotic agent and semi permeable membrane all are essential and have their own role to play, It is one of the best in best method used now a days to get best results.
Phytochemical screening, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Prunella vulgaris for oral thrush
Authors: Nayak Amit , Khan Mohammed Azaz , Sharma Poornima , Mishra RM
Published: November 2018

Plant imitative products have been used for medicinal purposes for centuries. In traditional Indian medicine or Ayurveda, Prunella Vulgaris and many other herbs have been used as medicine. Traditional uses of plants have led to investigating their bioactive compounds, which have resulted in the detection of a significant number of therapeutic properties. The aim of present investigation was carried out to evaluate the phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of chloroform and hydroalcoholic leaves extracts of Prunella Vulgaris against microbial strains causing oral infections. Both chloroform and hydroalcoholic extracts revealed the presence of carbohydrate, triterpenoids/ steroids, flavonoids, tannin, phenolic compound and saponins were absent in only the chloroform extract. The bioactivities of the leaf extracts were qualified to their phytochemical constituents. Quantitative analysis of phenolic and flavonoids was carried out by Folins Ciocalteau reagent method and aluminium chloride method respectively. The In vitro antioxidant activity of chloroform and hydroalcoholic leaves extracts of Prunella Vulgaris was assessed against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl- hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, reducing power assay using standard protocols. The antimicrobial activity of chloroform and hydroalcoholic extracts of medicinal plants was evaluated using well diffusion method against Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. The TPC in chloroform extract was higher than that of the hydroalcoholic extract with concentration being 0.443 mg/g equivalent to gallic acid. The TFC in hydroalcohoilc extract was higher than that of the chloroform extract with concentration being 0.358 mg/g equivalent to rutin.  The present study recognized leaves extract of Prunella vulgaris as a promising antioxidant and antimicrobial agent. However, further investigations are needed to understand the mechanistic basis of this effect of the extract and its chemical constituents thereof.

Keywords: Prunella vulgaris, Phytochemical, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial activity, Folins Ciocalteau reagent, Quantitative analysis
PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF FLAVONOID AND PHENOLIC CONTENTS OF THE ROOT, STEM AND LEAVES OF TEPHROSIA PURPUREA LINN
Authors: Nigam R , Arnold R
Published: November 2018

Herbal drugs are traditionally used in various parts of the world to cure different diseases. The purpose of present study is to characterize phytoconstituents in the various part of Tephrosia purpurea. The root, stem and leaves of Tephrosia purpurea were washed, air dried and then powdered. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of various part of Tephrosia purpurea were used for the phytochemical investigation to find out the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical constituents in the plant. The result of the phytochemical analysis of Tephrosia purpurea showed presence or absence in addition to quantitative (mg/100mg) contents of flavonoid and Phenol in the plant.Present study will help to identify the different parts of the plant from which higher quantities of the phytochemical can be derived and for the development of new herbal drugs from Tephrosia purpurea.

Keywords: Phytoconstituents, Phytochemical, Tephrosia purpurea, Aqueous ethanolic extract, Flavonoid, Phenol.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF GEL CONTAINING ETHOSOMES ENTRAPPED WITH TRETINOIN
Authors: Mishra Rakhi , Shende Shradha , Jain Prabhat Kumar , Jain Vivek
Published: November 2018

A skin disease, like acne, is very common and normally happens to everyone at least once in their lifetime. The structure of the stratum corneum is often compared with a brick wall, with corneocytes surrounded by the mortar of the intercellular lipid lamellae. One of the best options for successful drug delivery to the affected area of skin is the use of ethosomes which can be transported through the skin through channel-like structures. Tretinoin is a widely used retinoid for the topical treatment of acne, photo-aged skin, psoriasis and skin cancer which makes it a good candidate for topical formulation. Yet side effects, like redness, swelling, peeling, blistering and, erythema, in addition to its high lipophilicity make this challenging. Drug loaded ethosomes had been prepared using phospholipid and ethanol, were optimized and characterized for entrapment efficiency, vesicular size, shape, In-vitro skin permeation, skin retention, drug‐membrane component interaction and stability. The ethosomal formulation having 0.5 %w/v of phospholipid and 20 %v/v of ethanol (F2) showing the greatest entrapment efficiency (80.25±0.23) with small particle size (205.40±2.31nm) was selected for further skin permeation studies. The skin permeation and skin retention studies were performed on ethosomal formulation, liposomal formulation (0.5 %w/v of phospholipid without alcohol), hydroethanolic drug solution and phosphate buffer saline (pH7.4) drug solution. Among them, ethosomal formulation showed higher cumulative percentage of drug permeation (93.36±0.45%) and 8 hours than the other formulations. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the three dimensional nature of ethosomes. Dynamic light scattering technique proved that the ethosomes has smaller vesicular size than the liposomes prepared without alcohol. FT‐IR studies revealed no interaction between the drug and membrane components. The ethosomal vesicles were incorporated in carbopol gel base and its anti‐acne was compared with the marketed gel. Our results suggest that the ethosomes are an efficient carrier for dermal and transdermal delivery of tretinoin.

Keywords: Tretinoin, Ethosomes, Diffusion, Carbopol gels, Transdermal delivery.
DOCKING STUDIES OF AMINOHYDANTOIN DERIVATIVES AS ANTIMALARIAL AGENTS
Authors: Mali Pooja , Pratap Shourya , Badhauria Raghvendra S. , Gurjar Himanshu
Published: November 2018

Objective: Docking studies of aminohydantoin derivatives as antimalarial agents. A novel derivative of aminohydantoins was selected from the literature. Method: in-silco studies using docking methodology. The compounds were sketched and energy minimized using Chem draw ultra and Chem 3D ultra respectively. Further, the compounds were docked into Plasmodium falciparum transferase inhibitor (3L7) using Molegro Virtual Platform. Twenty eight compounds were docked into the active site of Pf-lactate dehydrogenase cavity and all of them found to have similar binding interactions of a co-crystalized ligand. Result: The compounds were showed good docking score like moldock score and re-rank score. The finding of docking studies shows a typical molecular interaction pattern with lactate dehydrogenase. The binding interaction information derived from these molecules will be useful in future antimalarial agent design. Conclusion: From the docking study, it was observed that ligands bind to the electrostatic, hydrophobic clamp formed by the residues Asp 76(B), Tyr 190(B), Tyr 80(B) and Lys 72(B) which play an important role for Plasmodium falciparum inhibition.   The binding affinity, grid calculation and RMSD percentage lower and upper   parameters were calculated.   Hence, the observable data indicated that, above compounds can serve as good leads for further modification and optimization in the of treatment malaria.

Keywords: Molegro, Chemdraw, aminohydantoins and docking, studies as Plasmodium falciparum, 4RAO, moldock score.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MATRIX TRANSDERMAL PATCHES OF GLIBENCLAMIDE
Authors: Rahman Syed Ata Ur , Sharma Neeraj
Published: November 2018

The present study deals with the formulation and evaluation of transdermal patches of Glibenclamide towards enhance its permeation through the skin and maintain the plasma level concentration. Transdermal patches were prepared by using polymers like Chitosan, HPMC 15cps and EC 20cpsat various concentrations by solvent casting technique employing dibutyl phthalate as plasticizer and iso-propylmyristate as permeation enhancer. The transdermal patches were evaluated for their physico-chemical properties and in-vitro drug release. The transdermal patches were found to be transparent and smooth in texture. Among the formulations studied, at the end of 12th hour, the minimum and maximum in-vitro drug release was observed for the formulations F12 and F4 i.e. 80.012 ± 2.012 % and 98.365±3.012% respectively. The mechanism of drug release was found to be Non-Fickian diffusion controlled. FT-IR studies revealed the integrity of the drug in the formulations.

Keywords: Transdermal Patches, Glibenclamide, Chitosan, HPMC 15cps, EC 20 cps, in-vitro diffusion studies.
PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF MODIFIED TAMARIND SEED GUM AS A NOVEL SUPERDISINTEGRANT
Authors: Dev Druv , Rehal Diksha Kumari , Prasad DN
Published: November 2018

The aim of present study was to preparation and evaluation of modified Tamarind seed as natural superdisintegrant. The extracted gum from the Tamarind seed was modified chemically by carboxymethylation of extracted gum was done to improve the hydrophilic nature of the gum. Futher, carboxymethylated gum was complexed by using calcium chloride to enhances  the wetting capacity of the gum. The modification in functional group of extracted gum, carboxymethyled gum, Calcium complexed gum was studied by FT-IR spectrophotometer. The DSC studies shows that the changes in melting point of the carboxymethyled gum and the calcium complexed gum as compared to the extracted gum without undergoing chemical modification. The modified gum was then subjected to different studies like color, pH of gum solution, swelling indexetc. The dummy tablet prepared with calcium complexed modified Tamarind seed gum to check its disintegration effect of the tablet. The various pre-compression parameters of the tablet blend was determined like bulk density, tapped density, Carr's index, angle of repose and Hausner's ratio. The disintegration time of these dummy tablet carry the calcium complexed tamarind seed gum was compared to formulate tablet with marketed superdisintegrant i.e. sodium starch glycolate . The disintegration time of calcium complexed Tamarind seed gum was observed to be 1 min. approx. 32.5 sec. -35.2 sec. showing good disintegrating property. It can be concluded that Fast disintegrating tablet using modified Tamarind seed gum as natural superdisintegrant improves the disintegration time of the tablet.

Keywords: FDT tablet, Tamarind seed gum, Sodium starch glycolate, Swelling time.
Identifikasi Penerapan Konsep Ruang Publik Terpadu Ramah Anak (RPTRA) Pada Taman Kambang Iwak Palembang
Authors: Rahmiati Desti , Prihastomo Bondan
Published: November 2018

Pengembangan kota berbasis Kota layak anak (KLA) merupakan isu penting dunia saat ini karena sudah banyak regulasi yang membahas persoalan tersebut. Salah satu strategi pengembangan yang sedang dijalankan di beberapa kota di Indonesia untuk mencapai predikat KLA adalah menyediakan ruang terbuka publik dengan konsep Ruang Publik Terpadu Ramah Anak (RPTRA) tidak terkecuali Kota Palembang. Di Kota Palembang telah tersedia taman kota termasuk taman Kambang Iwak (KI). Taman ini berada di tepi jalan arteri primer kota dan dilengkapi dengan danau buatan dan berbagai fasilitas serta dapat diakses oleh seluruh kalangan masyarakat termasuk anak-anak. Danau buatan di taman KI dan lokasi taman yang strategis tidak hanya memberikan dampak positif seperti kemudahan aksesibilitas dan daya tarik dalam kegiatan rekreasi, tetapi juga dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif seperti kecelakaan, tenggelam, terluka atau bahkan tindak kriminalitas seperti penculikan. Hal ini mengindikasikan perlunya perhatian lebih terhadap faktor-faktor perancangan yang dibutuhkan pengunjung terutama anak-anak. Untuk itu diperlukan kajian secara mendalam mengenai penerapan konsep RPTRA pada perancangan taman KI Palembang, serta persepsi masyarakat sebagai pengguna ruang terhadap kelayakan taman tersebut sebagai RPTRA. Kajian tersebut dilakukan untuk mengetahui penerapan konsep RPTRA pada Perancangan taman KI sebagai salah satu strategi untuk mencapai predikat KLA. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif rasionalistik yang bersifat deduktif, dengan alat bantu statistik tabel distribusi frekuensi. Dalam penelitian ini akan dilakukan analisis penerapan konsep RPTRA pada perancangan taman KI berdasarkan faktor-faktor/kriteria RPTRA. Hasil pembahasan menggambarkan bahwa taman KI belum sepenuhnya memenuhi kriteria RPTRA, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa perhatian dan upaya pemerintah/stakeholder setempat untuk memperbaiki dan meningkatkan kualitas taman tersebut masih diperlukan agar dapat memenuhi kriteria RPTRA.
THE STUDENTS’ MATHEMATICAL UNDERSTANDING ABILITY THROUGH SCIENTIFIC-ASSISTED APPROACH OF GEOGEBRA SOFTWARE
Authors: Rohaeti Euis Eti , Bernard Martin
Published: November 2018

This research is motivated by the low ability of mathematics understanding of junior high school students, with the aim of the study is to examine the achievement, improvement, implementation, and difficulty of mathematics understanding ability of junior high school students through learning using Geogebra-assisted scientific approach. The method of this research is an experimental method with two class groups namely experimental class and control class. The population of this research is all junior high school in West Bandung Regency, randomly selected and selected SMP Krida Utama Padalarang. Samples were taken randomly class VIII chosen D as an experimental class, and class VIII C as control class. The experimental level received learning with the Geogebra-assisted scientific approach, and the control class gained regular learning. The results showed that the achievement and improvement of the ability of mathematical understanding between students who received learning with scientific approach assisted Geogebra software better with students who get regular learning. Learning with Geogebra-assisted scientific approach can be implemented in the experimental class by the steps of the scientific method of observing, asking, exploring, associating, and communicating.
Transocean and the History of Tax Inversions
Authors: Albring Susan M. , Elder Randal J. , Franklin Mitchell A.
Published: November 2018

The first tax inversion in 1983 was followed by small waves of subsequent inversion activity, including two inversions completed by Transocean. Significant media and political attention focused on transactions made by U.S. multinational corporations that were primarily designed to reduce U.S. corporate income taxes. As a result, the U.S. government took several actions to limit inversion activity. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (TCJA) significantly lowered U.S. corporate tax rates and one expected impact of TCJA is a reduction of inversion activity. Students use the Transocean inversions to understand the reasons why companies complete a tax inversion and how the U.S. tax code affects inversion activity. Students also learn about the structure of inversion transactions and how they have changed over time as the U.S. government attempted to limit them. Students also assess the tax and economic impacts of inversion transactions to evaluate tax policy.
Influence of Omega-3 and Green Tea Extract on Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury in Rats
Authors: Hassan Hussein Ridha , Hassan Ibrahim Zana
Published: November 2018

Drinking alcoholic beverages recently is common in many parts of the world, liver is a principal organ that involved in toxic effects of alcohol and it remains a serious health problem globally. Fatty liver (steatosis) was induced in male albino rats by alcohol 40% orally (3.76gm/kgm BW/day) for the period of 4 weeks, then green tea extract (GTE) and omega-3 (OMG-3) fish oil were used as treatments for improvement and investigating their comparison potential role for the next 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the rats were fasted overnight, blood samples through the cardiac puncture and liver organ were collected for biochemical and histopathological analysis respectively. Biochemical parameters including: lipid profiles: (total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), serum malondialdehyde (MDA), liver function tests (LFT): (Serum albumin (ALB), serum total protein (TP), total serum bilirubin (TSB), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and finally hepatic histological changes were also investigated. Alcoholic rats were associated with significant elevation (P<0.05) in the levels of serum TC, TG, LDL-C, MDA, TSB, ALT, AST and ALP, whereas the levels of serum HDL-C and TP significantly (P<0.05) decreased with no significant change (P>0.05) of serum ALB level. treatment of alcohol-fed rats with GTE and OMG-3 oil either alone or in their combination have significant role (P<0.05) in lowering the injury effects of alcohol evidenced by reversing the results obtained on serum lipid profiles, MDA, LFTs and hepatic histological changes after their treatments during the amelioration study. Ethanol consumption impaired hepatic functions, disturbed lipid metabolism, induced hyperlipidemia and increased oxidative stress. Aqueous extracts of GT and OMG-3 oil significantly improved alcohol-induced liver injury through improvement of serum markers of hepatic injury, their hypolipidemic actions and hepatic histologic recovery. Co-treatments of GT+OMG-3 have more protective effect or faster progression against ALD than their treatments alone.
The Relationship Between Serum 25 hydroxy Vitamin D Deficiency and Dietary Pattern in Baxshin Hospital, Sulaimani City
Authors: I M Gubari Mohammed , Muhamad Abdul Aziz Jeza , Ahmed Mohialdeen Fadhil , Anwar Hama-Ghareeb Khalid , Kamal Muhamed Bakhtyar , Abdalla Omer Hemn
Published: November 2018

Vitamin D is one of the fat-soluble vitamins that have a great role in phosphate and calcium balance and bone structure. To our knowledge, there are limited data on the relation between dietary pattern and serum vitamin d concentration. Therefore, the aim of the current study is find out whether, there are any associations between serum vitamin D and with any specific dietary pattern. A cross sectional study was implemented in Baxshen hospital in order to find the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its relation with dietary pattern among healthy participants. 1131 participants were enrolled in the current study male and female with age 18 – 65 years old, living in Sulaimani city and its districts have not used any supplement in the past 6 months before enrolling the study.  Two questionnaires were used for collecting of data, the first one was included demographical data of the participants. Including their age, gender, marital status, educational level, address, and etc. The second one was data on dietary pattern; particularly we focused on some vitamin D dietary sources. A three-day dietary records estimate was taken from the patients and this data were coded and put in dietary software (windiet) and then analyzed. The age of the sample ranged from 18 to 65 years old with the mean of 34.34 years old with a standard deviation of 12.6. One hundred sixty-two (14.3%) of the 1131 participants were female, nine hundred sixty-nine (85.7%) of the participants were male. 65.5 % of them exposure to sun less than 30, 34.5% exposure to sun more than half hour. About 84.6% of participants had severe deficiency of vitamin D and 6.9% of participants had adequate vitamin D. Fish, eggs and yogurt conception was common among those participants whom their serum vitamin D was adequate, in contrary, there were less consumed among those who had vitamin D deficiency.  The percentage of obese (99.8%) was significantly higher than normal weight and overweight among severe deficiency Vitamin D. Furthermore, a highly percentage of adequate was (93.6%) in the normal weight. The mean of vitamin D intake was 761 ± 195.65 IU, in normal weight group, and the mean of vitamin d intake was 125.98 ± 53.15 IU, in obese group. This study has concluded that the reach Dietary sources of vitamin D is not enough to provide the body adequate amount of vitamin D, in addition, Obese and overweight individuals tend to have less serum vitamin D status compared to normal weight individuals and finally recommended daily amount of vitamin d intake should be established for Kurdistan people.
Total Colectomy with Subtotal Proctocolectomy of High Risk Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Ahmed Mohialdeen Fadhil
Published: November 2018

Lynch syndrome is known by an early incidence colorectal cancer and comparatively common synchronous and metachronous neoplastic polyps or cancer or both. The aim of the current study to explore the beneficial of prophylactic colectomy in high risk patients with colorectal cancer. The medical records of 42 colorectal patients whom underwent surgery between 2006 and 2017 of the above hospitals diagnosed as colorectal cancer diseases were retrospectively reviewed. A Structured interview questionnaire was used. The questionnaire was including information on Socio- demographic data such as; age, gender, address, occupation and marital status. In addition, data on the presentation of the disease was obtained and data on complications and post-operative outcomes were also recorded. 42 patients were studied and the mean age ±SD of their age were 49.5± (10.2), 52.4% were male and 47.6% were female.76.1 % of the patients present with a bleeding per-rectum,71.4, 66.6, 61.9 present with abdominal pain, change in bowel habit and abdominal pain respectively. Abdominal mass and rectal mass were 11.9 and 9.5, the most common site of cancer was sigmoid, rectum and caecum 26.19, 14.3 and 11.9 respectively. The post-operative outcome was very less among patients, wound infection, seroma, incisional hernia and chest infection (7%, 7%, 4% and 4% respectively. We concluded from the current study that colorectal cancer with the technique of prophylactic total colectomy with or without subtotal proctectomy that increase the survival, decrease the morbidity and make the endoscopic follow –up easier and more comfortable to the patients for short and long follow-up interval.
Cattle breeding and its development prospects in the Kyrgyz Republic (1990–2017)
Authors:   Naryn State University  (Kyrgyz Republic), Bektemirova Aynagul Kashkarbaevna
Published: November 2018

Cattle breeding plays an important role in the economy of the Kyrgyz Republic being the main source of income for the local population in many regions of the country. The study examines the changes in Kyrgyz cattle breeding in 1990–2017, describes its status, development prospects, and livestock production situation in the Kyrgyz Republic in the above-mentioned period. The research analyzes the productivity and output of cattle-breeding products in different categories of Kyrgyz farms by comparing data on state and collective farms with information on private households, including private farms and household plots. The study reveals the benefits of state and collective farms in cattle productivity. In the author’s opinion, the problems of the livestock industry resulted from miscalculations made during denationalization and privatization of collective and state farms in the Kyrgyz Republic. The recovery of cattle-breeding farms and their extensive development have been examined since 2000, and the reasons for the production collapses have been determined. The cattle identification system has been introduced in the Kyrgyz Republic within the EAEU; it has become an essential factor in improving food security. The analysis of the changes in the cattle-breeding farm development in Kyrgyzstan in 1990–2017 was based on the data of the National Statistical Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic and archives.
Gasprinsky Crimean Tatar Library as a multicultural center of the Crimean region: the historical background and development prospects
Authors:   Taurida Academy (Academic Unit) of  V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Latysheva Elena Vladimirovna , Nazarchuk Tatyana Borisovna ,   Taurida Academy (Academic Unit) of  V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Kadyrova Leylya Zeytulaevna ,   Gasprinsky Crimean Tatar Library
Published: November 2018

The study discusses the main development stages of Gasprinsky Crimean Tatar Library. The research demonstrates the background to the national Crimean Tatar library tradition as a consequence of emerging branches of education and book industry on the Crimean Peninsula. The study emphasized that the famous Crimean Tatar educator, publisher and politician Ismail Gasprinsky played a prominent role in the revival of the book industry. It reached full growth by establishing the Soviet regime on the peninsula and creating the Crimean ASSR. The paper presents the general description of the library: fund, staff, dealing with different library users, cooperation with other libraries, development and implementation of projects, publishing and research, and conference attendance. The main objectives and priorities of the institution are reviewed. The study identifies the significance of Gasprinsky Crimean Tatar Library as a multicultural center in the Crimean region characterized by the increasing problems of the intercultural dialogue, tolerance, promoting Russian national unity, ethnic and cultural development of the peoples of Russia.
The history of a wood collection in the National Museum of the Republic of Bashkortostan
Authors:   Bashkir State University, Suleymanova Margarita Nugmanovna , Nigmatullina Zilya Fasimovna ,   Bashkir State University
Published: November 2018

The study deals with the history of acquiring the wood collection in the National Museum of the Republic of Bashkortostan. An attempt is made to systematize this collection for further research. The acquisition of museum wooden items and building up the collection under review are closely related to the history of the National Museum. The first wooden pieces were exhibited in the museum in the second half of the 19th century. Nowadays, there are more than two thousand items in the wood collection. Wooden exhibits are grouped according to functions, materials, and manufacturing technology, i.e. based on the main classification criteria of museum collections. The research presents a detailed classification of wooden and wood-based museum items by a case study of household utensils that are the largest and most diverse components of the wooden collection.
The historical context for understanding and interpreting the historical records on the Mongol-Tatar Invasion and Yoke
Authors:   Perm Institute (branch) of  Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Nazipov Ilgiz Ildarovich
Published: November 2018

The contemporaries evaluated the Mongol-Tatar Invasion and Yoke within the framework of providentialism. They represented the Tatars either as an instrument of divine retribution or as an army of the devil, especially in the context of eschatological expectations. The works of medieval Russian scribes and chroniclers characterized the Tatars according to these two evaluation categories. People’s behavior depended on the assessment of the source of disasters: they chose either humble acceptance or active resistance. Medieval authors have expressed a theological evaluation of the events described that is not evident to the modern reader. The author suggests a scheme for understanding the theological semantics of narrative sources. The scheme finds parallels with the plots of the Bible, their source is available; includes the attitude of the attacking army to the churches and priests; encouraging victims of aggression by their actions to sinful behavior; implies falsity and flatter in the aggressors as features peculiar to the devil.
The origins of the concept of culture and the idea of education within the doctrine of musical ethos
Authors:   Taurida Academy (Academic Unit) of  V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Kazina Nina Viktorovna
Published: November 2018

The study deals with the primary meaning of the concept of culture as the cultivation of the human mind and the human soul. In this context, the idea of education appears as the deep meaning and purpose of culture. The relevance of the study is explained by the need to find a solution to the anthropological crisis which has become a focus of much research in this field. People are increasingly wasting their inner spiritual potential, and this possible loss of a human in a person can be regarded as a growing anthropological crisis. In recent decades, the concepts of training and education based on the principle of cultural conformity have been developed. The cultural approach to education is determined by the objective relationship of a person with a culture as a system of values. The research is based on a pivotal characteristic of education as a cultural process that is an axiological component. The role of music in the life of a person and society, the creation of value consciousness, and the spiritual development of the personality are exemplified by the ancient teaching of the musical ethos. The novelty of the paper lies in redefining and reviving the doctrine of the ethos of music resulted in such social and cultural project as the Temple of Wisdom, Harmony and Beauty.
Ortaokul öğrencilerinin Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Dersine yönelik değer düzeylerinin çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi: Batman il örneği
Authors: IŞIKGÖZ Mustafa Enes , ESENTAŞ Melike , IŞIKGÖZ Mahmut
Published: November 2018

Bu çalışmanın amacı ortaokul
öğrencilerinin beden eğitimi ve spor dersine yönelik değer düzeylerinin çeşitli
değişkenlere göre incelenmesidir. Tarama modelinde betimsel nitelikte
desenlenen bu araştırmanın çalışma grubunu; 2017-2018 eğitim öğretim yılı bahar
döneminde Batman İl Merkezi Ortaokullarında okuyan 373 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır.
Araştırmanın verileri “Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Dersi Değer Ölçeği” ile
toplanmıştır.

Ortaokul öğrencilerinin beden
eğitimi ve spor dersine ilişkin en yüksek değer düzeyini “Farkındalık”
(4,54±0,56), en düşük değer düzeyini ise “Milli Kültür ve Beraberlik”
(3,77±1,06) boyutunda sergiledikleri görülmüştür. Diğer alt boyutlar olan
“Saygı” (4,45±0,56) ikinci sırada, “Dayanışma” (4,29±0,61) üçüncü sırada,
“Sağlıklı Yaşam ve Beslenme” (4,25±0,71) ise dördüncü sırada öğrencilerin değer
düzeylerini belirlemektedir. Çalışmada ortaokul öğrencilerinin beden eğitimi ve
spor dersine ilişkin değerleri sıklıkla ve her zaman sergiledikleri ve bu
değerlerden haberdar oldukları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Filling the Gap: Infrastructure Investment in Brazil
Authors: Karpowicz Izabela , Góes Carlos , Garcia-Escribano Mercedes
Published: November 2018

Infrastructure bottlenecks have been identified as a key obstacle to growth affecting productivity and market efficiency, and hindering domestic integration and export performance. This paper assesses the state of Brazil’s infrastructure, in light of past investment trends and various quality and quantity indicators. Brazil’s infrastructure stock and its quality rank low in relation to that of comparator countries, chosen amongst main export competitors. We provide evidence that infrastructure affects domestic integration by analyzing price convergence of tradable goods across major cities. The government’s concession program will narrow part of the infrastructure gap, however, governance reforms will be crucial to improving investment efficiency.