bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accounting for uncertainties in modeling the impact of climate change on agriculture
Authors:   Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, Tao Fulu ,   Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Finland, Palosuo Taru ,   Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Finland, Rötter Reimund Paul ,   pical Plant Production and Agricultural Systems Modelling (TROPAGS), Germany,   University of Göttingen, Germany
Published: August 2023

Model-based climate change impact assessments involve uncertainties given the many physical, biological and socio-economic processes involved and their complexity. Among other things, uncertainties arise from unknown future development of greenhouse gas emissions and uncertainties in climate change scenarios, input data, model structures and parameters, human error, as well as how adaptations and socio-economic development are taken into account. This chapter reviews recent progress in quantifying or reducing these uncertainties.
Modelling climate change impacts on livestock production
Authors:   Queen’s University Belfast, UK, McGuire Ryan G. , McLaughlin Shannon M. ,   Queen’s University Belfast, UK, Waring Tanisha L. ,   Queen’s University Belfast, UK, Barnes Kayley D. ,   Queen’s University Belfast, UK, Huws Sharon A. ,   Queen’s University Belfast, UK, Scollan Nigel D. ,   Queen’s University Belfast, UK
Published: August 2023

As other sectors continue to decarbonise, achieving climate change targets is particularly challenging for agriculture. This is primarily the result of livestock production systems (LPS), namely intensive ruminant production systems. LPS account for ~14.5 percent of all anthropogenic GHG emissions, with cattle alone accounting for 62% of this total. After outlining their crucial role within global food security, economic growth, employment, and society, this chapter argues the need for rapid implementation of climate mitigations for LPS. More specifically, it places focus on two of the most crucial mitigation measures available for LPS, enteric methane mitigation (such as breeding and dietary interventions) and carbon sequestration and storage to deliver net zero LPS.
Modeling the impact of climate change on agriculture in the United States
Authors:   Michigan State University, USA, Basso Bruno , Millar Neville ,   Michigan State University, USA, Price Lydia ,   Michigan State University, USA
Published: August 2023

We divide our chapter into three major sections: 1) an overview of the recent past and predicted near future changes in climate at the national and regional scale in the U.S., and the impacts of this on crop-based agriculture, in particular the direct effect on soil, water, and major cash crops; 2) a case study that uses a crop and soil biogeochemical process-based model (SALUS; Basso et al. 2006, Basso & Ritchie 2015) to investigate potential responses of corn yield to continued trends in temperature and precipitation for the near future using adapted cultivar, and; 3) a summary of some of the incentives and payment mechanisms related to carbon markets, especially those that focus on agricultural product supply chains.
Modelling the impact of climate change on agriculture in East Asia
Authors:   Nanjing Agricultural University, China, Liu Bing , Ye Zi ,   Nanjing Agricultural University, China, Cao Yuan ,   Nanjing Agricultural University, China, Liu Bo ,   Nanjing Agricultural University, China, Zhu Yan ,   Nanjing Agricultural University, China
Published: August 2023

This chapter briefly summarizes the estimated impact of historical and future climate changes on major food crop production (e.g., rice, wheat, maize) across the primary production regions of East Asia.
Assessment of oil change intervals in urban buses based on the selected physicochemical properties of used engine oils
Authors: Gołębiowski Wojciech , Zając Grzegorz , Sejkorová Marie , Wolak Artur
Published: August 2023

The paper presents the results of the analysis of selected physicochemical parameters of engine oils after their use. The oils were obtained both from urban buses belonging to the fleet of a municipal transport company in Lublin, Poland but also from the city of Pardubice in the Czech Republic. Five samples of 10W/40 semi-synthetic oil and four samples of 5W/30 synthetic oil were tested. Kinematic viscosity at 40°C and 100°C, oxidation, nitration, sulfonation, total acid number (TAN), total base number (TBN), remaining antiwear additives, water content, and glycol content, were assessed using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The tests were performed on the basis of the ASTM E2412-10 standard. The article also presents the exceedance of the limit values results for the selected parameters. The results of the research can be used in optimizing the engine oil change interval so that the decision to replace the oil is justified both in economic and technical terms, taking into account the need to maintain the service life of the bus.
The Robustness of the cm-Rule for an Unreliable Single-Server Two-Class Queueing System with Constant Retrial Rates
Authors: Efrosinin Dmitry , Stepanova Natalia , Sztrik Janos
Published: August 2023

We study the robustness of the cμ-rule for the optimal allocation of a resource consisting of one unreliable server to parallel queues with two different classes of customers. The customers in queues can be served with respect to a FCFS retrial discipline, when the customers at the head of queues repeatedly tries to occupy the server in a random time. It is proved that for the scheduling problem in the system without arrivals the cμ-rule minimizes the total average cost. For the system with arrivals it is difficult directly to prove the optimality of the same policy with explicit relations. We derived for an infinite-buffer model a static control policy that also prescribes for the certain values of system parameters the service exclusively for the class-i customers if both of queues are not empty with the aim to minimize the average cost per unit of time. It is also shown that in a finite-buffer case the cμ-rule fails.
Energy Gap-Refractive Index Relations in Semiconductors − Using Wemple-DiDomenico model to unify Moss, Ravindra, and Herve-Vandamme Relationships
Authors: Lamichhane Aneer
Published: August 2023

The refractive index of solids guages their transparency to incident light, while the energy gap determines the threshold for light absorption. This paper provides a mathematical formulation for the relationship between refractive index and energy gap. It is also established that this formulation aided in the unification of the Moss, Ravindra, and Herve-Vandamme relationships.
Swiss ADME Predictions of Phytoconstituents Present in Ocimum sanctum Linn
Authors: Vamshidhar reddy Yenumala
Published: August 2023

The utilization of medicinal herbs has been steadily increasing globally since the Pandemic. The use of these medicinal plants helps minimize side effects and adverse consequences. As technology evolves, insilico analysis, such as screening, is often employed to figure out the mechanism of action of these medicinal plants. This method takes into account the pharmacokinetics and screening of medicinal plants. The main emphasis is on the profile of Ocimum sanctum Linn using insilico techniques like Swiss ADME. The results of these studies can be utilized to future studies involving in vivo and in vitro studies for establishing the particular activity of medicinal plants.
In Silico Drug Discovery: The Next Frontier in the Fight Against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Wei Calvin R. , Lang’at Godwin C.
Published: August 2023

Covid-19 is one of humanity’s biggest threat in the 21st century with WHO figures reporting 636 million cases and up to 6.6 million deaths globally. SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes the Covid-19 disease, is characterized by high mutation which contributes to its rapid spread. While several vaccines have been produced to minimize the severity of the coronavirus and diverse treatment regimens have been approved by the US FDA under Emergency Use Authorization (EUA), SARS-CoV-2 viral mutations continue to derail the efforts of scientists as the emerging variants evade the recommended therapies. Nonetheless, diverse computational models exist that offer an opportunity to overcome the barriers involved in developing new drugs. In this review, the focus is on the use of various virtual screening techniques like molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, QSAR, pharmacophore modeling, and homology modeling in repurposing SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics. The results have been promising from the computer-aided drug design (CADD) studies in suggesting potential compounds for treatment of Covid-19 and helping in bringing the pandemic under control.
Optimizing Inference Distribution for Efficient Kidney Tumor Segmentation using a UNet-PWP Deep Learning Model on CT Scan Images
Authors: Rao Patike Kiran , Chatterjee Dr Subarna , Janardhan Dr M , K Dr Nagaraju , Khan Dr. Surbhi Bhatia , Almusharraf Dr. Ahlam , Alharbe Abdullah I
Published: August 2023

Motivation: It is essential for the diagnosis and treatment of renal cancers to segment kidney tumours precisely and effectively. In medical image segmentation tasks, deep learning models have demonstrated promising results, and the UNet model is widely employed in this field. However, optimising the UNet model for kidney tumour segmentation further can improve its efficacy and deployment feasibility. Related Works: Previous works have explored various techniques to improve the efficiency of deep learning models in medical image segmentation. Image partitioning methods divides the input image into smaller regions, enabling parallel processing and reducing memory requirements. Pruning techniques eliminates redundant or insignificant weights, neurons and connections, resulting in a more compact and efficient model architecture. However, the UNet model architecture and its complexity in the context of kidney tumor segmentation using UNet remains unexplored. Methodology: The proposed methodology consists of adaptive partitioning and weight pruning. Adaptive partitioning divides the UNet model into smaller sub-models, facilitating parallel processing and accelerating inference without compromising segmentation accuracy. Weight pruning techniques remove redundant or less significant weights from the UNet-P model, reducing complexity and improving inference time by eliminating unnecessary computations. The adaptive partitioning and weight pruning processes are seamlessly integrated within the UNet-P architecture, resulting in an optimized model for kidney tumor segmentation. Results: We performed experiments utilising a dataset of KiT 23 CT scan images containing images of kidney malignancies. Compared to the standard UNet model, the optimised UNet-PWP model with adaptive partitioning and weight pruning obtained significant efficiency gains. The adaptive partitioning permitted parallel computation of sub-models, which accelerated inference times. Weight pruning decreased the UNet-PWP model’s complexity without compromising segmentation accuracy, thereby enhancing efficiency. The results of our experiments demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed method with 98% accuracy, demonstrating its potential for deployment in health sector.
Resilience in the Elderly: A Concept Analysis
Authors: Lima Gabriella Santos , Figueira Ana Laura Galhardo , Carvalho Emília Campos de , Kusumota Luciana , Caldeira Sílvia
Published: August 2023

(1) Background: Resilience has been presented as a potential protective factor to be promoted in difficult experiences in the elderly. However, further clarification of the concept of resilience is needed about this population, as this is of critical interest for nursing care. (2) Aim: To develop the concept of resilience in the elderly to establish the elements that refer to the nursing outcome Personal resilience (1309) from the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), specifically in the elderly. (3) Methods: Concept analysis using Beth Rodgers' evolutionary model. The attributes, antecedents, consequents and empirical elements were described in the integrative review, with searches in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, LILACS and Embase databases. A total of 2431 citations have been identified and 110 studies were included. (4) Results: The concept of “resilience in the elderly” is composed of two attributes: available resources and positive behaviours and is defined as positive attitudes of older people with the assistance of resources available from experiences of adversity. Conclusion: This analysis and concept development of resilience in the elderly provided sensitive indicators for nursing care in the context of adversity, considering available resources and with positive attitudes during this phase of life span.
Muonic Hyperfine Structure and the Bohr-Weisskopf Effect
Authors: Persson Jonas
Published: August 2023

A review is given of the experimental values of the magnetic hyperfine structure and the Bohr-Weisskopf effect in muonic atoms. The need for more measurements and systematic calculations is discussed in the light of distinguishing between different models of the Bohr-Weisskopf effect in nuclei.
Continuation of Radial Positive Definite Functions and Their Characterization
Authors: Bouzeffour Fethi
Published: August 2023

TThis paper delves into the extension and characterization of radial positive definite functions into non-integer dimensions. We provide a thorough investigation by employing the Riemann-Liouville fractional integral and fractional Caputo derivatives, enabling a comprehensive understanding of these functions. Additionally, we introduce a secondary characterization based on the Bernstein characterization of completely monotone functions. The practical significance of our study is showcased through an examination of the positivity of the fundamental solution of the space-fractional Bessel diffusion equation, highlighting the real-world applicability of the developed concepts. Through this work, we contribute to the broader understanding of radial positive definite functions and their utility in diverse mathematical and applied contexts.
A Review of Isolation and Mechanism of the Crude Enzyme Chi-Tosanase for Chitosan Hydrolysis in the Production of Chitosan Oligosaccharide (COS)
Authors: Munandar Aris , Rochima Emma , Panatarani Camellia , Khastini Rida Oktarida
Published: August 2023

COS production is carried out enzymatically using chitosanase, but this process is expensive. Production costs can be reduced by using crude enzyme chitosanase, and the resulting COS has depolymerization < 20 and molecular weight < 3900 Da. Sources of crude enzyme chitosanase come from the soil, sediment, and fishery waste. Chitosanase is produced from bacteria and molds isolated from the source or direct isolation process for extracellular enzymes, especially from fishery waste. Microorganisms in the soil produce chitosanase as a biocontrol and self-defense agent. Bacteria and molds have been isolated, including Bacillus cereus, Bacillus mycoides, Paenibacillus sp., and Penicillium janthinellum. Fishery waste, especially parts of the digestive tract, is a source of chitosanase because of its relation to its nature and food, such as small fish, frogs, and several types of crustaceans. In addition, fishery waste can be used as a carbon and nitrogen source (C/N) in microorganism culture media. The chitin content becomes a stimulant for the synthesis of chitosanase by microorganisms. Crude enzyme chitosanase has an active site that hydrolyzes chitosan by breaking glycosidic bonds and producing glucosamine units (GlcN) and N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc). This mechanism can take place through two events, namely inverting and retaining. Crude enzyme chitosanase can break glycosidic bonds, especially with the same groups, for example, bonds between glucosamine or N-acetyl glucosamine. The COS produced is of the partially acetylated COS (paCOS) type, which still contains an acetyl group. The degree of deacetylation is a significant factor in the resulting COS product, COS with the fully deacetylated COS (fdCOS) type of chitosan with a high degree of deacetylation. Other factors to consider are the raw material of chitosan, the incubation time, the screening process, and the production of microorganism cultures.
Investigating the Biochemical Stability and Kinetic Performances of SiO2@AuNPs Nanocomposite as High Throughput Peroxidase Alternatives
Authors: Hormozi Jangi Saeed Reza
Published: August 2023

In this study, considering the peroxidase-like activity of the SiO2@AuNPs nanocomposite, their biochemical properties including, pH stability, cycling stability, shelf stability, and kinetic parameters were investigated. The results revealed that the as-mentioned SiO2@AuNPs nanocomposite reveal its maximal activity at pH=4.0 along with saving 83.3% of its maximal activity at pH=5.0. Besides, the reusability and shelf-storage studies exhibited that the SiO2@AuNPs nanocomposite retained 90% and 100% of its initial activity after 5 operational cycles and 30 days of storage, in order. The kinetic parameters of the as-prepared nanozymes were calculated using Menten kinetic model, revealing a Vmax of 1.35 µM min-1 and a Km as low as 0.06 mM for the SiO2@AuNPs nanocomposite. Based on the results of this work, the as-prepared SiO2@AuNPs nanocomposite with intrinsic peroxidase-like activity shows high substrate affinity and catalytic efficiency along with excellent cycling- and shelf-stability, making them suitable for application in peroxidase-mediated reactions instead of the native enzyme.
New Thermodynamic Potential in Classical Thermodynamics
Authors: Rusanov Anatoly I. , Shchekin Alexander K.
Published: August 2023

The article introduces the reader to the new thermodynamic potential of classical thermodynamics, called the J-potential. For the case of a homogeneous system, it vanishes, but it perfectly serves multiphase (heterogeneous) systems. The J-potential is especially important for the thermodynamics of capillary systems in colloidal science. The J-potential simplifies the derivation of the Neumann and Young equations, and has found application in the thermodynamics of thin films and the theory of strength of materials. In this work, for example, it was used to study the dependence of the chemical potential of a substance of a small bubble on the bubble size.
Nutritional and Antinutritional Potentials of Sorghum: A Comparative Study among Different Sorghum Landraces of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Gebrelibanos Tesfakiros Semere , Bayratsiyon Yemane Tsehaye , Weldeabezgi Lijalem Tareke , Westengen Ola Tveitereid Tveitereid , Fjellheim Siri
Published: August 2023

Sorghum is one of the staple food crops in Tigray, northern Ethiopia. Despite this, limited research attention was given to nutritional and antinutritional profiling of sorghum. Thus, this research was investigated to profile and evaluate the variabilities in protein, starch, minerals, flavonoid, tannin, and antioxidant activities among sorghum landraces of Tigray, northern Ethiopia. Protein and starch were analyzed using near infrared spectrophotometer and whereas mineral elements were estimated using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Antioxidant activity was analyzed using DPPH free radical scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and phosphomolybdenum assays. The result revealed significant variation among the landraces for all the evaluated parameters. Protein and starch contents were ranged from 6.21 to 18% and 33.42 to 78.30%, respectively. Wider variations were observed for Fe (32-101), Zn (16.9-42.98), Cu (1.48-5.25), Mn (9.21-20.23), and Cr (0-1.5) as measured in mg/100g. The variabilities were high for total flavonoid (0-665 mgCE/g) and tannin (0.18-7.5 mgCE/100g). DPPH (EC50= 29.09-818.37 µg/ml), ferric reducing antioxidant power (17.85-334.81 mgAAE/g) and total antioxidant activity (1.71-63.88 mgBHTE/g) were also highly variable among the samples. Flavonoid and tannin were strongly correlated (r = 0.90) with antioxidant activity. The relationship between seed color and phenolics as well as antioxidant activities are discussed. Multivariate analysis revealed that the landraces were clustered in to four distinct groups. The rich genetic diversity in the nutritional and antinutritional attributes may be an opportunity for breeding for grain quality improvements of sorghum that in turn helps in addressing malnutrition.
Perkembangan Luas Areal dan Produksi Sawit serta Pengaruhnya Terhadap PDRB Sub Sektor Perkebunan Propinsi Bengkulu
Authors: Feni Rita , Marwan Edy
Published: August 2023

Kelapa sawit merupakan komoditi dari sub sektor perkebunan yang banyak ditanam oleh sebagian besar masyarakat petani di Propinsi Bengkulu. Luas areal dan produksi kelapa sawit terus bertambah dari tahun ke tahun di propinsi Bengkulu, ini menunjukkan bahwa minat petani untuk bertanam sawit cukup tinggi, dimana sawit dianggap  sebagai salah satu komoditi yang dapat mendatangkan pemasukan yang cukup menguntungkan bagi petani. Tujuan  penelitian ini  adalah untuk  mengetahui (1)mengetahui perkembangan luas areal dan produksi kelapa sawit di Propinsi Bengkulu dari  tahun ke tahun(2)mengetahui pengaruh luas areal dan produksi sawit terhadap PDRB sub sektor perkebunan di propinsi Bengkulu.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode menggunakan metode pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif. Dilihat dari sifatnya penelitian ini bersifat statistik deskriptif. Jenis data dalam penelitian ini adalah Data Sekunder. Analisa data menggunakan analisis trend dan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitin menunjukkan bahwa  perkembangan PDRB, luas lahan areal dan produksi kelapa sawit di Propinsi Bengkulu dari tahun 2009 sampai 2019 cenderung meningkat, luas areal lahan dan produksi kelapa sawit di Propinsi Bengkulu secara bersama-sama berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap  PDRB sub sektor perkebunan berdasarkan harga berlaku Propinsi Bengkulu, tetapi  secara parsial berpengaruh tidak  nyata terhadap  PDRB sub sektor perkebunan berdasarkan harga berlaku Propinsi Bengkulu.
Hubungan Glukosa Darah Admisi dan HbA1c dengan Kadar D-Dimer pada Pasien COVID-19 dengan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2
Authors: Ragil Rahma Nafila  , Tonang Dwi Ardyanto  , Berty Denny Hermawati
Published: August 2023

Pendahuluan: Pasien dengan komorbid diabetes melitus (DM) berisiko tinggi mengalami COVID-19 derajat berat bahkan kematian. Hiperglikemia pada pasien DM menyebabkan perubahan aktivitas dan konsentrasi faktor fibrinolitik dan prokoagulan sehingga terjadi peningkatan risiko trombosis. Pemeriksaan yang dapat digunakan sebagai marker hiperkoagulasi yaitu D-Dimer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan glukosa darah admisi dan HbA1c dengan kadar D-Dimer pada pasien COVID-19 dengan DM tipe 2 karena belum banyak penelitian mengenai hal ini.
Metode: Desain penelitian yang digunakan yaitu observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Penelitian menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dari data rekam medis pasien COVID-19 dengan DM tipe 2 di RS UNS pada rentang bulan Agustus 2020 hingga Agustus 2021 yang dirawat inap, dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar D-Dimer admisi, post prandial glucose, dan HbA1c dengan rentang usia ≥ 18 tahun dan < 60 tahun. Data dianalisis dengan Uji Korelasi Sprearman.  
Hasil: pasien memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Hasil uji korelasi menunjukkan nilai probabilitas (p) glukosa darah admisi dan HbA1c dengan kadar D-Dimer masing-masing 0,253 dan 0,236 (p > 0,05) dengan koefisien korelasi (r) glukosa darah admisi dan HbA1c secara berurutan 0,098 dan 0,106.
Kesimpulan: Penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan antara glukosa darah admisi dan HbA1c dengan kadar D-Dimer pada pasien Covid-19 dengan DM tipe 2.
Hubungan Indeks Massa Tubuh dengan Tingkat Kontrol Asma pada Pasien Asma Anak di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta
Authors: Fadhila Rahma Leilani  , Andarini Ismiranti , Nugroho Irfan Dzakir
Published: August 2023

Pendahuluan: Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) merupakan salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat kontrol asma yang dapat dimodifikasi karena bersifat reversible. Kontrol asma yang buruk umumnya ditemukan lebih sering terjadi pada penderita dengan obesitas. Namun demikian, sangat sedikit laporan yang diterbitkan tentang hubungan antara kekurangan berat badan dengan tingkat kontrol asma. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara IMT dengan tingkat kontrol asma pada pasien asma anak di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta.

Metode: Penelitian bersifat observasional analitik retrospektif dengan pendekatan cross sectional menggunakan data sekunder dari rekam medis. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik total sampling, dimana sampel penelitian adalah seluruh pasien asma anak di RSUD Dr. Moewardi selama 5 tahun terakhir yang memenuhi kriteria. Dari data yang terkumpul dilakukan analisis bivariat dengan uji chi square dengan derajat kepercayaan 95% (α=0,05) menggunakan aplikasi IBM SPSS Statistics 25 for Windows.

Hasil: Dari 45 subjek penelitian, mayoritas memiliki asma terkontrol penuh (60%), diikuti terkontrol sebagian (24,4%), dan tidak terkontrol (15,6%). Terdapat 68,9% subjek penelitian dengan IMT normal, 13,3% underweight, dan 17,8% overweight/obese. Secara statistik didapatkan hubungan yang signifikan antara IMT dengan tingkat kontrol asma (p=0,043). Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara usia (p=0,392), jenis kelamin (p=0,799), riwayat alergi (p=0,088), serta derajat berat asma (p=0,086) dengan tingkat kontrol asma.

Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara IMT dengan tingkat kontrol asma pada pasien asma anak di RSUD Dr. Moewardi.
Lung Damage Prevention of Ethanolic Extract of Propolis and Synbiotics in Inhalation Anthrax Model
Authors: Sanjaya Wisnu , Harioputro Dhani Redhono , Werdiningsih Yulyani
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Inflammatory response and oxidative stress can be found in inhalation anthrax characterized by the increased level of serum Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) and Malondialdehyde (MDA). Ethanolic Extract of Propolis (EEP) and synbiotics were known to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to determine the effects of EEP and synbiotics on the level of TNF-α and MDA in inhalation anthrax model.

Methods: This was an experimental study with post-test only control group design on 40 samples of Rattus norvegicus with inhalation anthrax. Samples were randomized into 5 groups: control (K), antibiotic and EEP (P1), antibiotic and synbiotic (P2), EEP (P3), and synbiotics(P4). The value of TNF-α and MDA were measured 7 days after the spore’s inhalation and 14th day since the given treatment. To compare the effects of EEP and synbiotics, we used the two-way ANOVA continued by the LSD post-hoc test (if the data normally distributed) or the Kruskal Wallis continued by the Mann Whitney test (if the data not normally distributed).

Results: EEP and synbiotics significantly reduced the level of TNF-α and MDA compared to control group. P2 showed the highest changes on TNF-α and MDA, which TNF-α was decreasing from 14.2825 ± 0.41623 to 8.4363 ± 0.44938 pg/ml and MDA changed from 14.2825 ± 0.41623 to 2.9638 ± 0.39885 nmol/ml. Followed by P4, P1, and P3 groups.

Conclusion: EEP and synbiotics have significant impacts on reducing TNF-α and MDA in model of inhalational anthrax.
FILM SEJARAH DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH DI SMA
Authors: Ayesma Pamela , Kurniawati  , Ibrahim Nurzengky
Published: August 2023

This study aims to find out about (1) the use of historical films as a source and alternative media in learning history (2) the responses of teachers and students when using film media in learning history. (3) Obstacles faced by teachers in utilizing historical films in learning activities. This research was conducted at SMA Negeri 12 Tangerang Selatan. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods, observation data collection techniques, and interviewing informants, namely students who follow history learning with historical film media and subject teachers who use historical film media. The results of this study indicate that: The implementation of history learning with film media at SMA Negeri 12 Tangerang Selatan has been well utilized by history teachers. (1) The use of films helps students understand historical stories, do assignments, foster students' interest in history lessons, and build students' imaginations with the art created by films. But the use of historical films as media must also be considered by the teacher because not all students have high imaginations, a deeper explanation is needed and the creativity of the teacher in creating learning media including films. (2) In the use of film media as learning media, some obstacles are felt by teachers when teaching, namely the adjustment of historical films with historical material, the duration of historical films that are not by the learning time, and the state of school infrastructure.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tentang (1) Penggunaan film sejarah sebagai sumber dan media alternatif dalam pembelajaran sejarah (2) tanggapan guru dan siswa ketika menggunakan media film dalam pembelajaran sejarah. (3) Kendala yang di hadapi oleh guru dalam memanfaatkan film sejarah dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Penelitian ini di lakukan di SMA Negeri 12 Tangerang Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, teknik pengumpulan data observasi, wawancara informan yaitu siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran sejarah dengan media film sejarah dan guru mata pelajaran yang menggunakan media film sejarah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: Pelaksanaan pembelajaran sejarah dengan media film di SMA Negeri 12 Tangerang Selatan telah dimanfaatkan baik oleh guru sejarah. (1) Penggunaan film sangat membantu siswa memahami cerita sejarah, mengerjakan tugas, menumbuhkan ketertarikan siswa dengan pelajaran sejarah, dan membangun imajinasi siswa dengan seni yang diciptakan film. Tetapi penggunaan film sejarah sebagai media juga harus diperhatikan oleh guru, karena tidak semua siswa memiliki imajinasi yang tinggi maka diperlukan Penjelasan lebih dalam dan kreativitas guru menciptakan media pembelajaran termasuk film. (2) Dalam pemanfaatan media film sebagai media pembelajaran, juga terdapat kendala yang dirasakan oleh guru saat mengajar yaitu penyesuaian film sejarah dengan materi sejarah, durasi film sejarah yang tidak sesuai dengan waktu pembelajaran, dan keadaan sarana prasarana sekolah.
The Ulama Writing: Books by Six Betawi Scholars (1869-2006)
Authors: Humaidi
Published: August 2023

Tulisan ini merupakan sebuah kajian sejarah atas tradisi menulis orang betawi yang seringkali dianggap tidak ada, karena kebudayaan orang betawi seringkali diidentikkan dengan kebudayaan bertutur. Kajian ini menekankan kepada aspek sejarah kebudayaan atau sejarah intelektual dengan fokus pembahasan kitab-kitab yang ditulis oleh enam ulama Betawi terkemuka, meliputi: Sayyid Usman bin Yahya, Guru Marzuki, Guru Manshur, KH. Abdullah Syafi’I, KH. Muhajirin Amsar dan KH. Syafi’i Hadzami.  Pembatasan kajian dimulai pada 1869 yang ditandai penulisan kitab oleh Sayyid Usman bin Yahya dan diakhiri tahun 2003 lewat penerbitan kitab mizbahuz zullam karya KH. Muhajirin Amsar. Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah metode sejarah, yang menghadirkan empat tahapan yakni: heuristic, kritik, interpretasi dan historiografi. Sumber atau bahan penelitian didapatkan lewat pengkajian dokumen di Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia, Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia serta kajian atas kitab-kitab yang dihasilkan ulama-ulama tersebut. Kajian ini menghasilkan sebuah temuan bahwa kitab yang ditulis oleh ulama betawi kebanyakan adalah kitab fiqih atau hukum islam yang berdasarkan mazhab Syafi’i, yang bertujuan menjawab kebutuhan praktik ibadah. Kitab yang ditulis juga sangat beragam, dari kitab ringan hingga kitab syarah ulama-ulama terkemuka. Keberadaan kitab yang ditulis dengan bahasa arab, menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan intelektual orang betawi berada pada taraf internasional.
15 éve az anyanyelv-pedagógia szolgálatában
Authors: Antalné Szabó Ágnes
Published: August 2023

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Több mint harminc éve az olvasás ügyéért. Bemutatkozik a Magyar Olvasástársaság
Authors: Pompor Zoltán
Published: August 2023

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Magyar–angol kétnyelvűek vizuális szófelismerési mintái
Authors: Ihász Petra , Benyhe András , Sáry Gyula , Juhász Zoltán , Navracsics Judit
Published: August 2023

Jelen tanulmány egy nagyobb kutatás részeként a két nyelvet beszélők írott nyelvi szófelismerésének agyi, eseményhez kötött potenciálkomponenseit (EKP) vizsgálja. Lexikaidöntés-teszt eredményeivel illusztrálja, hogy mi történik az agyban a szófelismerés ortográfiai, fonológiai és szemantikai szintjein. A kutatási kérdések a szavak vizuális felismerésének folyamataiban a két nyelv írott változatának temporális aspektusaira vonatkoznak, továbbá arra, hogy a fonológiának milyen szerepe van a szófelismerésben. 23 magyar–angol kétnyelvű egyént teszteltünk, akik mindannyian C1-es szintű angoltudással rendelkeznek, és napi szinten használják az angolt a munkahelyükön vagy az iskolájukban. Az eredmények eltérő feldolgozási mintákat mutatnak értelmes szavak és értelmetlen betűsorok azonosításakor a fali- és a tarkólebenyekben az N170 EKP komponens korai (150-200 ms) és kései (200-250 ms) szakaszában, amely a szófelismerés kezdeti szakasza. Ez azt jelenti, hogy a szószerűségről való döntés a stimulus megjelenését követően 200-250 ms környékén történik, ekkor zajlik az ortográfiai-fonológiai feldolgozás. Ezen a szinten azonban a résztvevők még csak azt tudják eldönteni, hogy a képernyőn látható betűsor szó-e, vagy nem. A szó nyelvi besorolása csak később történik meg.
Anyanyelvi nevelés digitális eszközökkel
Authors: Zs. Sejtes Györgyi
Published: August 2023

Több mint húsz éve jelentek meg az első számítógépek a hazai iskolákban, majd tíz évvel később az internet is hódítani kezdett. Azóta lehet tudni, hogy az új technika és a vele járó tartalom új módszereket, új pedagógiai szemléletet követel. Mára a köznevelés kiemelt feladatává vált az infokommunikációs technológiák használatának az elsajátíttatása, a tanulók felkészítése az információs társadalom lehetőségeinek a kihasználására. Az ok kettős. Az egyik, hogy az IKT-eszközök oktatási felhasználásának az alapja a munkaerőpiac azon elvárása, amelyet az ott már általánossá vált IKT-alkalmazások generálnak. A másik, hogy a PISA-mérés háttérkérdőíveinek elemzései rámutattak, hogy azok a tanulók érnek el jobb eredményt a méréseken, akik IKT-eszközöket használnak a tanulási folyamatukhoz. Jelen tanulmány úgy helyezi tágabb kontextusba a címben megjelölt témát, hogy közben konkrét fogódzókat nyújt a magyartanároknak az IKT-val támogatott osztálytermi gyakorlathoz.
Flume experiments in the development of crevasse-splay deposits: transition from asymmetric to symmetric geometry
Authors: Kato Taichi , Yamada Masaki , Naruse Hajime , Sakai Yuichi
Published: August 2023

Crevasse-splay deposits play an important role in the reconstruction of the magnitude of past flood events and in understanding the behavior of river systems. Despite the extensive studies conducted on the geometry and facies of crevasse-splay deposits, their spatiotemporal developmental processes have remained insufficiently understood. In this study, scaled flume experiments were conducted to study the relationship between the developmental processes of crevasse splays and their characteristics. An experimental flume was set up in a tank to simulate the 2019 Chikuma River flooding event in central Japan. To model the overbank flow, an opening was created on the side of the flume’s wall through which the flow flooded onto a horizontal acrylic plate. The sediment used in the experiments consisted of particles with grain sizes of approximately 0.3 and 0.1 mm, which were determined to be equivalent to bedload gravel and suspended sand in a real-scale river using dimensional analysis. The results of the experiments revealed three important findings: 1) Crevasse-splay deposits initially developed an asymmetric shape extending downstream of the main river channel but gradually showed a symmetric geometry. The river mainstream initially influenced the direction of the inundation flow, but channel bifurcations after the deposition of the sediment piles later changed the geometry of splays into a more symmetric shape. 2) Crevasse-splay deposits developed in two distinct regions (proximal and distal splay), corresponding to sediment transport by bedload and suspended load, respectively. These two regions are commonly observed in the actual field scale. 3) The original overbank flow was a sheet flow without channels, which caused coarse-grained sediments to be spread over a wide area. Subsequently, the accumulation of coarse sands in the developed channel interiors resulted in the buildup of finer-grained sediments upstream of the proximal splay. Thus, the proximal splay deposits became slightly coarse downstream, whereas they rapidly became fine at the boundary with the distal splay. These findings indicate that the characteristics of crevasse-splay deposits vary with the landform’s development stage, thus providing a basis for interpreting their depositional facies.
Technology Enhanced Learning: Applying Padlet, VoiceThread and Microsoft Teams in online university courses
Authors: Shoecraft Kelly
Published: August 2023

The use of technology in language teaching and learning has been rising in popularity with rapid developments in technology as well as increased need due to the recent coronavirus pandemic. Moreover, the sheer number of technologies available and the choices with how to implement them can be quite daunting for educators.

In this article, three technologies implemented in Master of TESOL university online courses are presented and explored with regards to their enhancement of learning: Padlet, VoiceThread (video recordings) and Microsoft Teams (chat forum). Firstly, the applications of these technologies were mapped to the TPACK framework (Mishra & Koehler, 2006) along with educator observations on their implementation. Secondly, data from surveys and interviews provided students’ perspectives on the use of technology and the benefits and challenges they experienced. Thematic analysis of this data revealed six themes: Engagement and interactivity, Peer learning, Flexibility, Record of work, Usability, and Challenges.

The findings of the study demonstrate how technologies can enhance learning through increased motivation and participation, shared learning and self-directed learning. The goal of this article is to inform TESOL educators on the potential of these technologies and inspire them to explore options for integrating technologies in their own classrooms and contexts.
Shifts in Care Utilization Patterns During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A High-Dimensional Study of Presentations for Ophthalmic Conditions in the US
Authors: Li Charles , Lum Flora , Chen Evan , Collender Philip , Head Jennifer , Khurana Rahul , Cunningham Emmett , Moorthy Ramana , Parke David , McLeod Stephen
Published: August 2023

Background: Healthcare restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in ophthalmology, resulted in a differential underutilization of care with potential long-term consequences. An analytic approach is needed to characterize pandemic health services usage across many conditions.
Methods: A common analytical framework identified pandemic care utilization patterns across 261 ophthalmic diagnoses. Using a United States eye care registry, predictions of utilization expected without the pandemic were established for each diagnosis via models trained on pre-pandemic data. Pandemic effects on utilization were estimated by calculating deviations between observed and expected patient volumes from January 2020 to December 2021. Two sub-periods of focus were defined: the hiatus (March-May 2020), when many clinical visits were curtailed, and post-hiatus (June 2020-December 2021). Characteristics of conditions with similar deviation patterns were ascertained from cluster analyses, data visualizations, and hypothesis testing.
Results: Analyzing records from 44.62 million patients and 2,455 practices, we observed lasting reductions in ophthalmic care utilization, including visits for leading causes of visual impairment (age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, cataract, glaucoma). Mean deviations among all diagnoses were 67% below expectation during the nadir of the hiatus (April 2020), and 13% post-hiatus. Less severe conditions experienced greater utilization reductions, with heterogeneities across diagnosis categories and pandemic phases. Intense post-hiatus utilization reductions occurred among non-vision-threatening conditions or asymptomatic precursors of vision-threatening diseases. Many conditions with above-average post-hiatus utilization posed a risk for irreversible morbidity, such as emergent pediatric, retinal, or uveitic diseases.
Conclusions: We derived high-resolution insights on pandemic care utilization from high-dimensional data using an analytical framework that can be applied to study healthcare disruptions in other settings and inform efforts to pinpoint unmet clinical needs.
Identification of Aberrant Plasma Exosomal Derived ceRNA Networks in Adolescent with Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Liu Zhifen , Xu Yifan , Zhang Rong , Du Xinzhe , Huang Yangxi , Gao Yao , Wen Yujiao , Qiao Dan , Sun Ning
Published: August 2023

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) during adolescence significantly jeopardizes both mental and physical well-being. However, the etiology underlying MDD in adolescents remains unclear. Our study enrolled a total of 114 adolescent participants who underwent comprehensive clinical and cognitive assessments. Differential expressions of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) within plasma exosomes were determined through microarray analysis. A total of 3752 dysregulated lncRNAs and 1789 dysregulated mRNAs were identified. Subsequently, two distinct sets of competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks were established. The candidate regulatory axes (AC156455.1/miR126-5p/AAK1 and CCDC18AS1/miR6835-5p/CCND2) were chosen from the ceRNA networks and subsequently validated within the cohort using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Our findings reveal that the candidate regulatory axes exhibit diverse expression patterns among both adolescents with MDD and healthy controls (HCs), both prior to and post-treatment in adolescents with MDD. Furthermore, the expression levels of AAK1, CCDC18AS1, and miR6835-5p exhibited significant differences between the response and non-response groups. Baseline expression level of CCDC18-AS1, miR-6835-5p and CCND2 could predict the therapeutic effect of sertraline, which may be achieved by reducing suicidal ideation and improving cognitive function. Our results may provide prospective insights into the underlying pathological mechanisms in adolescents with MDD.
Who is adapting and how? Identifying actors and roles in climate change adaptation
Authors: Petzold Jan , Hawxwell Tom , Jantke Kerstin , Gresse Eduardo Gonçalves , Mirbach Charlotta , Ajibade Idowu , Bhadwal Suruchi , Bowen Kathryn , Fischer Alexandra Paige , Joe Elphin Tom , Kirchhoff Christine , Mach Katharine J. , Reckien Diana , Segnon Alcade , Singh Chandni , Ulibarri Nicola , Campbell Donovan , Cremin Emilie , Färber Leonie , Hegde Greeshma , Jeong Jihye , Nunbogu Abraham M. , Schröder Lea S. , Shah Mohammad Aminur Rahman , Reese Pauline , Sultana Ferdous , Tello Carlos , Xu Jiren , Initiative The Global Adaptation Mapping , Garschagen Matthias
Published: August 2023

An assessment of the global progress in climate change adaptation is urgently needed. Despite a rising awareness that adaptation should involve diverse societal actors and a shared sense of responsibility, little is known about the types of actors involved and their roles—particularly between state and non-state actors and different regions. Based on a large n-structured analysis of case studies, we show that, although individuals or households are the most prominent actors implementing adaptation, they are the least involved in institutional responses, particularly in the Global South. Governments are most often involved in planning and civil society in coordinating responses. Our findings show that state actors often do not deliver the formal and institutional adaptation required to organise cross-actor collaboration and enable more transformative adaptation. Civil society organisations and individual actors may compensate for that lack, but with limited capacity. These findings should inform more effective future adaptation governance.
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Patterns of Left Ventricular Remodeling in Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis Referred to Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Santos Rita Reis , Abecasis João , Maltês Sérgio , Lopes Pedro , Oliveira Luís , Freitas Pedro , Ferreira António , Ribeiras Regina , Andrade Maria João , Uva Miguel Sousa , Neves José Pedro , Gil Victor , Cardim Nuno
Published: August 2023

PURPOSE: Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy is a common finding in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS). Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is the gold-standard technique to evaluate LV remodeling. Our aim was to assess the prevalence and describe the patterns of LV adaptation in AS patients before and after surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR).
METHODS: Prospective study of 130 consecutive patients (71y [IQR 68–77y], 48% men) with severe AS, referred for surgical AVR. Patterns of LV remodeling were assessed by CMR. Besides normal LV ventricular structure, four other patterns were considered: concentric remodeling, concentric hypertrophy, eccentric hypertrophy, and adverse remodeling.
RESULTS: At baseline CMR study: mean LV indexed mass: 81.8±26.7g/m2; mean end-diastolic LV indexed volume: 85.7±23.1mL/m2 and median geometric remodeling ratio: 0.96g/mL [IQR 0.82–1.08g/mL]. LV hypertrophy occurred in 49% of subjects (concentric 44%; eccentric 5%). Normal LV structure and concentric remodeling occurred in 25% of patients; one patient had an adverse remodeling pattern. Asymmetric LV wall thickening was present in 55% of the patients, with predominant septal involvement. AVR was performed in 119 patients. At 3-6 months after AVR, LV remodeling changed to: normal ventricular geometry in 60%, concentric remodeling in 27%, concentric hypertrophy in 10%, eccentric hypertrophy in 3% and adverse remodeling (one patient). Indexes of AS severity, LV systolic and diastolic function and NT-proBNP were significantly different among the distinct patterns of remodeling.
CONCLUSION: Several distinct patterns of LV remodelling beyond concentric hypertrophy occur in patients with classical severe AS. Asymmetric hypertrophy is a common finding and LV response after AVR is diverse.
The Decameter sky at sub-arcminute resolution
Authors: Groeneveld Christian , Weeren Reinout van , Osinga Erik , Williams Wendy , Callingham Joseph , de Gasperin Francesco , Botteon Andrea , Shimwell Timothy , Sweijen Frits , de Jong Jurjen , Miley George , Brunetti Gianfranco , Bruggen Marcus , Röttgering Huub
Published: August 2023

The largely unexplored decameter radio band (10-30 MHz) provides a unique window for studying a range of astronomical topics, such as auroral emission from exoplanets, low-energy cosmic ray electrons, and the physics of free-free absorption. The scarcity of low-frequency studies is mainly due to the severe perturbing effects of the ionosphere. Correcting for the ionosphere is challenging as it changes rapidly in time and across the sky at low frequencies. Building upon previous successes at higher frequencies, we present a calibration strategy that can correct for the ionosphere in the decameter band. To evade the majority of radio frequency interference, we apply this to a night-time observation from the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) between 16–30 MHz. This allows us to map a 305 square degrees region of sky at a resolution of 45", achieving a sensitivity of 12 mJy beam-1. This represents over an order of magnitude improvement in terms of sensitivity and resolution compared to previous decameter band observations, emphasising the large discovery potential of our data. Our work shows that sensitive sub-arcminute resolution decameter band surveys are possible with ground-based arrays.