bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Why Do Analysts Issue Sales Forecasts? Evidence from Mandatory IFRS Adoption
Authors: He Wen , Lu Chien-Ju
Published: October 2017

SYNOPSIS

This study uses mandatory adoption of IFRS as a setting to investigate why financial analysts issue supplementary sales forecasts. The demand explanation proposes that analysts issue supplementary forecasts if earnings are not informative and thus investors demand additional accounting information. The reputation explanation posits that analysts are more likely to issue sales forecasts if these forecasts are more accurate and will not cause reputation damage. Using mandatory IFRS adoption as an exogenous shock to analysts' information environment, we find that after firms mandatorily adopt IFRS, analysts are more likely to issue sales forecasts and analysts' sales forecasts become more accurate and less dispersed. The effect of mandatory IFRS adoption is stronger in countries with strong law enforcement and a large difference between local GAAP and IFRS. Further analysis shows that the IFRS effect concentrates on analysts with prior experience with IAS. Overall, the results provide support to the reputation explanation.

JEL Classifications: G15; G18; M41.
Impact of Lifestyle and Metformin Interventions on the Risk of Progression to Diabetes and Regression to Normal Glucose Regulation in Overweight or Obese People With Impaired Glucose Regulation
Authors: Herman William H. , Pan Qing , Edelstein Sharon L. , Mather Kieren J. , Perreault Leigh , Barrett-Connor Elizabeth , Dabelea Dana M. , Horton Edward , Kahn Steven E. , Knowler William C. , Lorenzo Carlos , Pi-Sunyer Xavier , Venditti Elizabeth , Ye Wen ,   for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVE

Both lifestyle and metformin interventions can delay or prevent progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in people with impaired glucose regulation, but there is considerable interindividual variation in the likelihood of receiving benefit. Understanding an individual’s 3-year risk of progressing to DM and regressing to normal glucose regulation (NGR) might facilitate benefit-based tailored treatment.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We used the values of 19 clinical variables measured at the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) baseline evaluation and Cox proportional hazards models to assess the 3-year risk of progression to DM and regression to NGR separately for DPP lifestyle, metformin, and placebo participants who were adherent to the interventions. Lifestyle participants who lost ≥5% of their initial body weight at 6 months and metformin and placebo participants who reported taking ≥80% of their prescribed medication at the 6-month follow-up were defined as adherent.

RESULTS

Eleven of 19 clinical variables measured at baseline predicted progression to DM, and 6 of 19 predicted regression to NGR. Compared with adherent placebo participants at lowest risk of developing diabetes, participants at lowest risk of developing diabetes who adhered to a lifestyle intervention had an 8% absolute risk reduction (ARR) of developing diabetes and a 35% greater absolute likelihood of reverting to NGR. Participants at lowest risk of developing diabetes who adhered to a metformin intervention had no reduction in their risk of developing diabetes and a 17% greater absolute likelihood of reverting to NGR. Participants at highest risk of developing DM who adhered to a lifestyle intervention had a 39% ARR of developing diabetes and a 24% greater absolute likelihood of reverting to NGR, whereas those who adhered to the metformin intervention had a 25% ARR of developing diabetes and an 11% greater absolute likelihood of reverting to NGR.

CONCLUSIONS

Unlike our previous analyses that sought to explain population risk, these analyses evaluate individual risk. The models can be used by overweight and obese adults with fasting hyperglycemia and impaired glucose tolerance to facilitate personalized decision-making by allowing them to explicitly weigh the benefits and feasibility of the lifestyle and metformin interventions.
Family Matters: High School Graduation and Sibling Influence
Authors: Wall-Wieler Elizabeth , Roos Leslie Leon
Published: October 2017

IntroductionEducational attainment is known to be related to family size, birth order, and the educational achievement of an older sibling.

ObjectiveThis study examines younger siblings in large families, exploring the extent to which each older sibling’s educational attainment is associated with attainment of the younger sibling.

MethodsLinkable administrative data were used to create a population-based cohort of third children in three child families born in Manitoba, Canada between April 1, 1984 and March 31, 1994, who stayed in the province until at least age 20 (n = 5,771). Logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between the youngest siblings’ educational achievement and that of their older two siblings, adjusting for a series of confounders.

ResultsYoungest siblings have the greatest odds of graduating from high school if both older siblings graduated. Females also had greater odds of graduating if only one of those older siblings had graduated; this did not increase the odds for males. Associations in educational attainment were stronger when siblings were born close together. For siblings born further apart, these associations were stronger if those siblings were of the same sex as the youngest sibling.

ConclusionsIn large families, the educational attainment of each older sibling is associated with the educational attainment of the younger sibling; associations differ depending on the birth order and sex of the older siblings. Families in which older siblings do not graduate from high school may be experiencing numerous challenges. Children with older siblings who fail to graduate may benefit from additional supports to increase their likelihood of graduation.
Validation of Method for Determining Alpha- Mangostin Level of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Mangosteen Rind Using TLCSpectrodensitometry
Authors: Wijayanti N. P. A. D. , Dewi L.P.M.K. , Astuti K.W.
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Objective: Mangosteen rind (Garcinia mangostana L.) contains secondary metabolites, namely alpha-mangostin which has

antioxidant activity, as well as antibacterial and anti-aging properties. In order to obtain a maximum amount of alpha-mangostin

compounds, the maceration method using ethyl acetate was used. To ensure the effectiveness of the mangosteen rind extraction

process, all of the processes and methods in preparing the extract should be properly controlled, particularly the analytical

method used in determining the alpha-mangostin level of the extract. The method used should be able to determine the alphamangosteen

level accurately. This study aimed to test the validation of the analytical method used.

Method: The parameters for the validation of the analytical method tested in this study include accuracy, precision, range and

linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ) and specificity. In this study, the level of alpha-mangostin in the

extract was determined using TLC-Spectrodensitometry with the stationary phase of the silica gel plate GF 254 and the mobile

phase of chloroform and methanol (10:0.1 v/v).

Result: The results of the study showed that this method has met the acceptance criteria for validation with the accuracy value in

the range of percent recovery, from 93.85 % to 111.16%; precision with KV <2%; specification with spectrum correlation >0.99;

linearity with r =0,99372; limit of detection (LOD) of 5.33 ng and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 11.43 ng.
STRUKTUR HISTOLOGI HATI MENCIT(Mus musculus L.) SETELAH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK DAUN EKOR NAGA (Rhapidhophora pinnata Schott)
Authors: Tia Pramesti Ni Komang , Wiratmini Ngurah Intan , AdrianiAstiti Ni Putu
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Rhapidhophora pinnata, Schott is a traditional medical plant that has been use remedy for treatment of hypertension, stroke. Aims of  this research is to determine the effect of Rhapidhophora pinnata Schott leaf extract toward  mouse (Mus musculus L) liverhistological structure. This research used completely randomized  design with 28 female mice that were divide into 4 groups of  P0 (control) received 0,9% NaCl, group P1, P2, and P3 received 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg bw respectively by oral administration. The treatment were given daily for 14 days. All of the mice were sacrificed by ether after 15 days. The liver were examined for their histopathological changes, namely fatty degeneration, hydropic degenaration and necrosis. Results were statistically analised by Kruskal-Wallis method. Treatment groups showed no significant differences with regard of liver histopatological changes, however hemorrhage, sinusoid congestion and inflamatory cell infiltration were found in liver.

 

Keyword : Rhapidhophora pinnata Schott, liver, mice
Dinamique des paysages ruraux et de l'habitat dans le Saafen: l'exemple du village de Paaki (Sénégal)
Authors: Ciss Ismaïla
Published: October 2017

Introduction: Le présent article est tiré d’un programme de recherche plus vaste qui porte sur l’évolution historique et les dynamiques récentes des terroirs du Saafeen dans le massif de Njas. Méthodologie: Nous avons combiné deux démarches pour arriver aux résultats que nous présentons ici : la recherche documentaire et les enquêtes de terrain. Sans négliger la littérature écrite, notre démarche s’appuie essentiellement sur les sources et les traditions orales recueillies auprès des agropasteurs après une série d’enquêtes effectuées dans le Saafeen, en particulier dans le village de Paaki. Résultats: Les matériaux collectés dans le village de Paaki renseignent sur l’évolution du site et l’originalité de la gestion des terroirs ruraux du massif de Njas par les populations locales. Autrefois très convoité par les royaumes environnants et le colonisateur, le pays Saafeen est aujourd’hui fortement menacé par l’urbanisation qui se développe à partir de trois fronts: Dakar, Mbour et Thiès. Discussion: Les stratégies de préservation des terroirs locaux et/ou d’adaptation aux agressions du monde extérieur trouvent leur originalité dans la valorisation de la culture locale.
АНАЛИЗ ТВЕРДОФАЗНОГО РЕАКЦИЙ В СИСТЕМЕ SrO-Al2O3-SiO2
Authors: Lisachuk H. V. , Kryvobok R. V. , Zakharov A. V.
Published: October 2017

В статье рассчитаны термодинамические константы (энтальпия, энтропия, уравнение зависимости теплоемкости от температуры) для SrAl2Si2O8. Приведены результаты расчета свободной энергии Гиббса для реакции образования SrAl2Si2O8 на основе природного и технического сырья.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ПСЕВДОЗРІДЖЕННЯ З ІНЕРТНИМ ШАРОМ МАТЕРІАЛУ ТА АНАЛІЗ ЙОГО ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ
Authors: Orishkevych S. O. , Sobchenko H. O.
Published: October 2017

Наведені основні області використання псевдозрідження з інертним шаром матеріалу, представлено аналіз досліджень процесів в псевдозрідженому шарі з інертним шаром матеріалу.
ВПЛИВ ПРОСТОРОВОЇ ІЗОМЕТРІЇ НАНОНАПОВНЮВАЧІВ НА ВЛАСТИВОСТІ НАНОКОМПОЗИТІВ НА ОСНОВІ ПОЛІСТИРОЛУ
Authors: Korskanov V. V. , Klepko V. V. , Karpova I. L. , Shantalii T. A. , Folher O. M. , Dolhoshei V. B. , Minenko M. M.
Published: October 2017

Методом диференційної скануючої калориметрії досліджені нанокомпозити (НК) на основі атактичного полістиролу (ПС) та карбонанотрубок (КНТ) та НК основі ПС та аеросилу (АЕ)з масовим вмістом нанонаповнювача w від 0,5% до 5,0%. Виявлено різний характер впливу високоанізометричних наночастинок КНТ та ізометричних сферичних наночастинок АЕ на теплофізичні, релаксаційні властивості та термодинаміку формування нанокомпозитів. Встановлено, що екстремальний характер поведінки теплофізичних та термодинамічних властивостей ПС/КНТ при w = 0,5…1,0% є результатом переходу ізольованих нанотрубок в агрегати частинок КНТ. Значна адгезія аеросилу до ПС приводить до монотонної зміни термодинамічних властивостей нанокомпозитів та збільшення характеристичних часів релаксації у всьому діапазоні складів.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ДОПУВАННЯ НАНОДИСПЕРСНОГО ПОРОШКУ ТИТАНАТУ БАРІЮ З МЕТОЮ ОТРИМАННЯ СЕГНЕТОЕЛЕКТРИКІВ-РЕЛАКСОРІВ З РОЗМИТИМ ФАЗОВИМ ПЕРЕХОДОМ
Authors: Kovalenko O. A. , Rahulia A. V.
Published: October 2017

Проведений огляд літератури допантів та методів допування нанодисперсного порошку титанату барію з метою отримання сегнетоелектричних матеріалів з релаксорною поведінкою і розмитим фазовим переходом, зокрема, досліджені елементи для згладження температурної залежності діелектричної проникності та визначений найбільш доцільний метод отримання стехіометричного допованого нанодисперсного титанату барію з високою продуктивністю і економічністю, а також з відсутністю вторинних фаз.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ НАНОЧАСТИЦ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ФАЗЫ РЕЗИСТИВНОГО СЛОЯ
Authors: Hrypas A. S.
Published: October 2017

Рассмотрены физико-химические основы формирования наноструктурных частиц на основе боридов металлов. Приведена оценка размеров наночастиц в зависимости от условий термообработки.
МЕТАЛЛОКЕРАМИЧЕСКИЕ РЕЗИСТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ ДЛЯ ТОЛСТОПЛЕНОЧНОЙ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ
Authors: Reva V. І.
Published: October 2017

В статье приведены результаты исследования металлокерамических резистивных композиционных материалов, прошедших термообработку в газопламенной конвейерной печи. Установлено, что продукты сгорания метана при температурах обжига паст существенно влияют на фазовый состав композиций, структуру и свойства получаемых толстопленочных элементов.
БУДІВЕЛЬНА ІНДУСТРІЯ: ВИРОБИ ДЛЯ ЛЮДЕЙ З ОСОБЛИВИМИ ПОТРЕБАМИ (ЧАСТИНА 1)
Authors: Zakharchenko P. V. , Reva V. I.
Published: October 2017

У статті наведені основні аспекти щодо вирішення проблем, з якими стикаються люди-інваліди під час життєдіяльності. Використання керамічних виробів спеціального призначення в певній мірі є допомогою для осіб з обмеженими фізичними можливостями.
ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПАРАМЕТРЫ ВОДЫ И ИХ ВЛИЯНИЕ НА КЕРАМИЧЕСКИЕ ПОВЕРХНОСТИ. ВОДА, ОБРАБОТАННАЯ МЕТОДОМ ДИСКРЕТНО- ИМПУЛЬСНОГО ВВОДА ЭНЕРГИИ
Authors: Konyk A. V.
Published: October 2017

В статье рассмотрены вопросы влияния технологических параметров воды на керамические покрытия. Предложен новый метод обработки воды дискретно-импульсным вводом энергии с целью улучшения физико-химических свойств водных систем, которые контактируют с керамическими поверхностями.
ОГРАЖДАЮЩИЕ КОНСТРУКЦИИ И ДЕГРАДАЦИЯ ТЕПЛОИЗОЛЯЦИОННЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ-УТЕПЛИТЕЛЕЙ В ОГРАЖДАЮЩИХ КОНСТРУКЦИЯХ ЗДАНИЯ
Authors: Bovtenko V. Y.
Published: October 2017

В статье представлен подробный анализ эксплуатационных характеристик современных строительных теплоизоляционных материалов, присутствующих на рынке Украины. При этом пенобетон и пеностекло рекомендованы к широкому применению на различных объектах, как оптимальные по ряду потребительских качеств.
КОМБИНИРОВАННЫЙ КАЛОРИМЕТРИЧЕСКИЙ МОДУЛЬ ДЛЯ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ТЕПЛОФИЗИЧЕСКИХ СВОЙСТВ КОМПОЗИЦИОННЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ
Authors: Korskanov V. V. , Karpova Y. L. , Rukhailo N. V. , Lobok S. Y. , Dolhoshei V. B.
Published: October 2017

Представлена конструкция и принцип работы комбинированного калориметрического модуля (ККМ) для комплексного исследования теплофизических свойств композиционных материалов в широком интервале температур. На основании полученных с помощью ККМ результатов описаны термодинамические свойства нанокомпозитов (НК) на основе эпоксидого полимера и карбонанотрубок (КНТ). Показано, что экстремальные изменения термодинамических свойств при массовом содержании КНТ в НК w = 0,3-0,4% являются результатом самоасоциации компонентов и приводят к образованию в полимерной матрице непрерывного теплопроводного кластера из наночастиц КНТ, который обусловливает резкое повышение теплопроводности и температуропроводности.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ ЗНАКОПЕРЕМЕННЫХ ИМПУЛЬСОВ ДАВЛЕНИЯ НА ПАРАМЕТРЫ ВОДНЫХ СИСТЕМ
Authors: Dolynskyi A. A. , Shurchkova Iu. A. , Dubovkyna Y. A.
Published: October 2017

Проведены исследования параметров активированных водных систем, полученных (обработанных) в условиях знакопеременных импульсов давления. Представлены результаты экспериментальных исследований водных систем при различных способах обработки. Обосновано использование безреагентного метода получения активированных систем.
Accuracy of diagnosis criteria in patients with suspected diagnosis of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and detection of 14-3-3 protein, France, 1992 to 2009
Authors: Peckeu Laurene , Delasnerie-Lauprètre Nicole , Brandel Jean-Philippe , Salomon Dominique , Sazdovitch Véronique , Laplanche Jean-Louis , Duyckaerts Charles , Seilhean Danielle , Haïk Stéphane , Hauw Jean-Jacques
Published: October 2017

Diagnostic criteria of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD), a rare and fatal transmissible nervous system disease with public health implications, are determined by clinical data, electroencephalogram (EEG), detection of 14-3-3 protein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), brain magnetic resonance imaging and prion protein gene examination. The specificity of protein 14-3-3 has been questioned. We reviewed data from 1,572 autopsied patients collected over an 18-year period (1992–2009) and assessed whether and how 14-3-3 detection impacted the diagnosis of sporadic CJD in France, and whether this led to the misdiagnosis of treatable disorders. 14-3-3 detection was introduced into diagnostic criteria for CJD in 1998. Diagnostic accuracy decreased from 92% for the 1992–1997 period to 85% for the 1998–2009 period. This was associated with positive detections of 14-3-3 in cases with negative EEG and alternative diagnosis at autopsy. Potentially treatable diseases were found in 163 patients (10.5%). This study confirms the usefulness of the recent modification of diagnosis criteria by the addition of the results of CSF real-time quaking-induced conversion, a method based on prion seed-induced misfolding and aggregation of recombinant prion protein substrate that has proven to be a highly specific test for diagnosis of sporadic CJD.
Fluctuation of seismic activity associated with 1999 Chamoli earthquake
Authors: Paudyal Harihar
Published: October 2017

The Chamoli earthquake of March 28, 1999 (Mb 6.6, Origin time: 19:05:12, epicenter at 30.5° N 79.4° E and Focal depth 23 km) occurred in the Himalayan front arc which caused severe damage in the region. Anomalous seismic activity associated with this recent devastating earthquake in the Central Himalaya region in an area bounded by 30.0°-31.0° N and 79.0°-80.0° E have been studied using seismicity data from 1980-2000. The preparatory zone is delineated using the temporal and the spatial distribution of earthquakes, considering the events with cutoff magnitude mb ≥ 4.3. Daily number of events as well as cumulative number of earthquake with time within the preparatory zone has been considered as basis for identification of anomalous seismicity. Accordingly four anomalous episodes: Normal/ background (N); Anomalous/ swarm (A); Precursory gap (G) and Mainshock sequence (M) are identified. It is observed that the event was preceded by well defined patterns of anomalous seismicity/ precursory swarm which was lasted for about seven month and had started about three years and four months prior to mainshock.Key words: Anomalous seismicity; Central Himalaya; Precursory swarm; Earthquake forecastThe Himalayan Physics Vol.2, No.2, May, 2011Page: 11-15Uploaded Date: 31 July, 2011
Stability of Nuclei
Authors: Mallik Arbind Kumar
Published: October 2017

Nucleus is composed of uncharged neutrons and charged protons, chiefly given the fact that the electrostatic repulsion of the protons tends to disrupt the nucleus? What is the nature of forces that ensure stability between charged and uncharged particles in the nucleus? Attempts have been made to solve this problem both on the experimental and theoretical sides. In this article, a brief statement of these investigations is described. Search for the causes of stability of nuclei have been made in the following four directions, Relative abundance of elements as well as of isotopes that occur in nature, the binding energy per nucleon curve, Decay constant of natural radioactive substances, Magic numbers.Keywords: Uncharged neutrons; Charged and uncharged particles; NucleiThe Himalayan PhysicsVol.2, No.2, May, 2011Page: 61-64Uploaded Date: 1 August, 2011
Effect of Presheath Current Density on the Sheath Structure of Plasma
Authors: Gurung S. J. B. , Khanal R.
Published: October 2017

A Kinetic Trajectory Simulation (KTS) model is used to study the effect of presheath current density on the sheath region. It has been observed that the plasma parameters in the sheath region and at the material wall are highly influenced by the presheath current density. Electron density at the wall is found to increase linearly and sharply, whereas ion density at the wall is found to be increasing nonlinearly and monotonically with respect to the presheath current density. Starting with the same density at the sheath entrance, i.e. 1018 m-3, the ion and electron densities at the wall change from 3.761 × 1017 m-3 to 4.436 × 1017 m-3 and 1.250 × 1016 m-3 to 5.156 × 1016 m-3 when the presheath current density increases from -3.507 × 103 Am-2 to 3.507 × 103 Am-2 respectively. The result obtained is expected to be useful in controlling the flow of particles at the wall.The Himalayan PhysicsVol. 3, No. 32012Page : 10-12
From Left Handed Materials to Invisible Cloak: Recent Advances
Authors: Paudyal Harihar , Johrib Manoj , Tiwari Akhilesh
Published: October 2017

Last decade has been increasing interest in metamaterial research, however metamaterials are sometimes regarded as left handed materials (LHM) or negative index materials but the recent progress in the field has shown that metamaterials are far beyond LHMs. In this paper we provide further advancement in the field of structured electromagnetic from LHM to invisible cloak.The Himalayan Physics Vol. 4, No. 4, 2013 Page: 18-26 Uploaded date: 12/22/2013
Anomalous Seismicity Patterns Study of Three Mainshocks Occurred in Arakan-yoma Region
Authors: Panthi Ananta
Published: October 2017

The anomalous seismic activity prior to three mainshocks occurred in Arakan-yoma region, within the area bounded by 20o-28o N and 92o-98o E, has been studied considering spatial distribution and temporal patterns of earthquakes. The anomalous seismic activity has been investigated in this region using the seismicity data for the period 1963 to 2008 with events having magnitude mb ≥ 4.3. From the study, it has been inferred that all three mainshocks occurred in Arakan-yoma region were well preceded by anomalous seismicity pattern.The Himalayan Physics Vol. 4, No. 4, 2013 Page: 34-39 Uploaded date: 12/23/2013
Microscopic and Surface Properties of K-Na Liquid Alloys
Authors: Koirala I. , Singh B. P. , Jha I. S.
Published: October 2017

The deviation from ideal mixture behavior and concentration dependent symmetry in the microscopic and surface properties of K-Na liquid alloy is investigated within a simple statistical model. The concentration dependent of microscopic functions(concentration fluctuation in the long wavelength limit, Warren-Cowley short range order parameter) and surface properties(surface concentration and surface tension) has got special attention to show a tendency of like atom pairing in the mixture. The theoretical analysis reveals that energy parameter is temperature dependent, K-Na alloys is of weakly interacting system and K-atoms segregates on the surface of K-Na liquid alloys at bulk concentration of Na.The Himalayan Physics Vol. 4, No. 4, 2013 Page: 40-45 Uploaded date: 12/23/2013
Flavor Oscillation of Neutrino with Mass Matrix
Authors: Powrel Jhulan
Published: October 2017

There is evidence that atmospheric, solar, accelerator, and reactor neutrinos changes from one flavor to another as observed in experiment.MiniBooNE and KamLAND are experimental set up used for their observations. Thus it is obvious that neutrino have mass hierarchy with changing flavor.The Himalayan Physics Vol. 4, No. 4, 2013 Page: 83-86 Uploaded date: 12/23/2013
Dark Energy and Dark Matter
Authors: Regmi Jeevan
Published: October 2017

The new discoveries and evidences in the field of astrophysics have explored new area of discussion each day. It provides an inspiration for the search of new laws and symmetries in nature. One of the interesting issues of the decade is the accelerating universe. Though much is known about universe, still a lot of mysteries are present about it. The new concepts of dark energy and dark matter are being explained to answer the mysterious facts. However it unfolds the rays of hope for solving the various properties and dimensions of space.The Himalayan Physics Vol. 4, No. 4, 2013 Page: 90-94 Uploaded date: 12/23/2013
Photodiode
Authors: Mallik Arbind Kumar
Published: October 2017

Light detection is important for many types of electronic instruments. One of the most important of these light detecting tools is the photodiode. These tools are present in dozens of electronic devices. Photodiodes are semi-conductors that convert light into electrical voltage. This turns light signals into electrical input instructions that the machine can understand. Infect photodiodes are optoelectronic devices, meaning that they create electricity when light shines on them, similar to photovoltaic cells. In this article a brief about photodiodes are discussed.The Himalayan Physics Vol. 4, No. 4, 2013 Page: 95-98 Uploaded date: 12/23/2013
Conversion of HI Molecule to H2 Molecule
Authors: Gautam Arjun Kumar
Published: October 2017

In this article I review the historical development and conversion of atomic to molecular hydrogen in astronomy. I discuss how the discoveries of HI and H2 in the interstellar medium were followed by studies of the relative abundance of atomic and molecular gas. Understanding this led to increasingly sophisticated theoretical models for H2 formation on the surface of interstellar dust grains. In certain situations, astronomical data can be used to constrain the formation rate of H2 molecules. Finally, I use the reasonably well-determined chemistry of HI and H2 to determine the overall timescale of star formation. The Himalayan Physics Vol. 5, No. 5, Nov. 2014 Page: 82-86
Dust Structure around two Asymptotic Giant Stars at Latitude 32° & 40.67°
Authors: Jha A. K. , Upadhyay D. R.
Published: October 2017

We studied the dust structures in 60μm and 100μm infrared image around the two asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. A systematic search of dust structure in the far infrared (100 μm and 60 μm) Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) survey was performed using Sky View Observatory. In order to find the possible candidate of cavity structure not yet studied, we used SIMBAD database to locate discrete sources in the region. A new relatively symmetric spherical cavity like structure (size: 1.354 pc × 0.971 pc) for candidate I and (size: 1.424 pc × 0.925pc) for candidate II at R.A.(J2000) =04h46m13.84s, Dec.(J2000) = +32°31’39.6’’ and 05h05m59.58s; +40°40’33.4’’ respectively was found at the distance of about 280 pc and 390 pc. In this present work we have calculated the dust color temperature, mass, outflow velocity, energy and size. We also studied the flux density variation and then calculated temperature and mass profile of the dust and outflow nature of AGB wind using data reduction software’s Aladin v2.5 and Aladinv8.0. Our aim was to test how outflow can be seen in this region. We have studied two cavity-like structures. The dust color temperature is found to lie in the range 21.7 K to 35.6 K for candidate I and 18.5 K to 19.3 K, with an offset of about 14 K and 0.8 K respectively. An offset of 14 K suggests that the AGB is hot in early AGB phase now in late AGB stage. We expect deviation from symmetrical outflow, i.e., AGB wind probably prefer polytropic behaviour implies bipolar type wind whereas the offset 0.8 K for candidate II suggests that the AGB is in the symmetric AGB phase, i.e., early AGB stage. The total mass of the dust in the cavity structure is found about 5.93×1025 Kg (0.00003Mʘ) for candidate I and 1.95×1027Kg (0.001 Mʘ) for candidate II. In addition we have calculated outflow energy of C-rich AGB star along ISM using outflow velocity of our candidates. It is found that the outflow velocities are 12.96 ms-1 and 10.71 ms-1 respectively. For this we have calculated the value of speed of sound (Cs) and escape velocity (uesc). In this way we have determined outflow energy, i.e., 1.173×1025J and 2.766 × 1027J respectively.The Himalayan Physics Vol. 6 & 7, April 2017 (41-47)
Dust Structure around AGB Star in 60μm and 100 μm IRAS Survey at Latitude 16.10°
Authors: Gautam Arjun Kumar
Published: October 2017

A systematic search in the range of J2000 coordinate system provided by K.W. Shu & Y.J. Kwon (2011) of dust structure in the far infrared (100 μm and 60 μm) IRAS (Infrared Astronomical Satellite) survey was performed using Sky View virtual Observatory (1) so that some interesting isolated cavity structures surrounding the cavity structure were expected. The FITS images downloaded from sky view (1) was processed using software Aladin v 2.5. A cavity like structure (major diameter ∼ 3.57 pc & minor diameter ∼ 1.19 pc) lies in the coordinate of R.A. (J2000) 06h 31m 05s and DEC (J2000) 16d 06m 00s was found at the distance ∼ 310 pc (5). We studied the flux density variation and the temperature variation about major diameter, minor diameter and the distance between minimum temperature and minimum flux within the structure. We observed the variation of the temperature is 20.53 K to 21.42 K, with the offset of about 0.89 K, which shows the cavity is independently evolved. The mass profile of each pixel of the structure was also calculated using these temperature.The Himalayan Physics Vol. 6 & 7, April 2017 (48-53)
Study of Far Infrared Nebula at Declination +53° (J2000) In Iras Map
Authors: Gautam Sabin , Gautam Suman , Poudel Parashu Ram
Published: October 2017

In this present work we studied the flux density variation, calculate temperature, dust mass and finally Jean’s mass of structure using data reduction software ALADIN2.5. Our aim was to test whether this region is star forming or not. Sky view observatory was used for the search of isolated nebular structure in the far infrared (100 μm and 60 μm) in IRAS (Infrared Astronomical Satellite) catalogue. Stellarium software was used to find coordinate of the structure. A far infrared dust structure (about ~ 11.99 × 3.14 pc.) at Right Ascension (J2000):01h 51m 56.02s Declination (J2000): +53deg 27m 39.0s found at the distance of about 550 pc. The dust color temperature was found to lie in the range 18.02 K to 39.56 K. An offset of about 21 K suggests that the structure is not independently evolved, discrete source may play significant role in structure formation mechanisms. The study of flux variation along major and minor axis of structure showed that mass is concentrate at the center of structure. The total mass of the gas structure was found to be about 1.1432× 1031Kg. The Jeans mass was found to be 1.17 x 1033Kg, more than that of the total mass of the structure, suggest no clue of star formation.The Himalayan Physics Vol. 6 & 7, April 2017 (76-79)
Topological Order in Physics
Authors: Karki Ravi Karki
Published: October 2017

In general, we know that there are four states of matter solid, liquid, gas and plasma. But there are much more states of matter. For e. g. there are ferromagnetic states of matter as revealed by the phenomenon of magnetization and superfluid states defined by the phenomenon of zero viscosity. The various phases in our colorful world are so rich that it is amazing that they can be understood systematically by the symmetry breaking theory of Landau. Topological phenomena define the topological order at macroscopic level. Topological order need new mathematical framework to describe it. More recently it is found that at microscopic level topological order is due to the long range quantum entanglement, just like the fermions fluid is due to the fermion-pair condensation. Long range quantum entanglement leads to many amazing emergent phenomena, such as fractional quantum numbers, non- Abelian statistics ad perfect conducting boundary channels. It can even provide a unified origin of light and electron i.e. gauge interactions and Fermi statistics. Light waves (gauge fields) are fluctuations of long range entanglement and electron (fermion) are defect of long range entanglements.The Himalayan Physics Vol. 6 & 7, April 2017 (108-111)
Interval and Speed of Convergence on Iterative Methods
Authors: Adhikari Iswarmani
Published: October 2017

The iterative method is a tool of solving the non-linear equations to get their approximate roots with some errors of tolerance. Repetition of the similar process is applied successively on such iterations to compute a sequence of increasingly accurate estimates of the roots. In this paper, the construction of an iterative method for solving an equation, its convergence and the determination of interval of convergence for the approximate choice of initial guess and the speed of convergence are highlighted.The Himalayan Physics Vol. 6 & 7, April 2017 (112-114)
Amount and Content of Sensorimotor Therapy Delivered in Three Stroke Rehabilitation Units in Quebec, Canada
Authors: Richards Carol L. , Malouin Francine , Nadeau Sylvie , Fung Joyce , D'Amours Line , Perez Claire , Durand Anne
Published: October 2017

Purpose: This study creates a baseline clinical portrait of sensorimotor rehabilitation in three stroke rehabilitation units (SRUs) as a first step in implementing a multi-centre clinical research platform. Method: Participants in this cross-sectional, descriptive study were the patients and rehabilitation teams in these SRUs. Prospective (recording of therapy time and content and a Web-based questionnaire) and retrospective (chart audit) methods were combined to characterize the practice of the rehabilitation professionals. Results: The 24- to 39-bed SRUs admitted 100–240 inpatients in the year audited. The mean combined duration of individual occupational and physical therapy was 6.3–7.5 hours/week/patient. When evening hours and the contributions of other professionals as well as group therapy and self-practice were included, the total amount of therapy was 13.0 (SD 3) hours/patient/week. Chart audit and questionnaire data revealed the Berg Balance Scale was the most often used outcome measure (98%–100%), and other outcome measure use varied. Clinicians favoured task-oriented therapy (35%–100%), and constraint-induced movement therapy (0%–15%), electrical stimulation of the tibialis anterior (0%–15%), and body weight–supported treadmill training (0%–1%) were less often used. Conclusions: This study is the first to provide objective data on therapy time and content of stroke rehabilitation in Quebec SRUs.
Ovarian cysts in post-menopausal women
Authors: Kabir Nazneen
Published: October 2017

Abstract not availableBangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2016; Vol. 31(1) : 1-2
Factors Associated with Maternal Deaths in District and Upazila Hospitals of Bangladesh
Authors: Halim Abdul , Biswas Animesh , Md Abdullah Abu Sayeed , Rahman Fazlur
Published: October 2017

Objective(s): Aim of the study was to use death review to explore medical causes and three delay causal factors responsible for maternal deaths in district or below level health facilities of Bangladesh.Methods: Government health workers conducted facility based death review in 56 maternal deaths occurred during 2010-2012 in four district and five upazila (EmONC) health facilities of Bangladesh. The data was analyzed to assess the causal relationship between the medical causes and the three delays factors in maternal mortality.Results: Majority of the mothers died was young (89.3%; below age 30 years) and died during first pregnancy (78.6%) and postpartum period (71.4%). Postpartum hemorrhage and preeclampsia-eclampsia were the foremost causes of maternal deaths at district level facilities of Bangladesh. Seventy two percent of them arrived the hospitals in a travel time <2 hour from home or first care-centre when 88% of cases had an unstable general condition. 72% of them received treatment within one hour of admission in the hospital. The patients records reflected that only a few patients received life-saving interventions like blood transfusion, fundal message, and/or oxytocic in postpartum haemorrhage or magnesium sulphate in eclampsia. The study also observed a poor documentation in all the facilities, which was a challenge for death review.Conclusions: The study suggested improving quality of care and increasing availability of skills to manage the complicated cases in district and below level EmONC hospitals with focused interventions for postpartum haemorrhage and preeclampsia-eclampsia. The facility death review will be useful in identifying causal factors, the third delay factors and service gaps and to respond accordingly to avert similar deaths.Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2016; Vol. 31(1) : 16-22
Low Serum Folate Level and Increased Risk of Invasive Cervical Cancer in Bangladeshi Women
Authors: Ferdous Jannatul , Khatun Sabera , Biswas Subrata Kumar , Pervin Shahana , Akter Latifa , Keya Kashfia Ahmed , Joarder Mita , Khan Jawad Mahruj
Published: October 2017

Objective(s): The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of cervical cancer in relation to serum concentrations of folate.Materials and methods: This case-control study was conducted in the Gynaecologic Oncology Division of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University from November 2015-October 2016. For this study 50 patients with invasive cervical cancer were taken as study population and 50 healthy women of VIA or paps negative were taken as control to observe and compare serum folate level. Exclusion criteria were women with conditions associated with low folate level. Outcome variable was serum folate level and a p value of < 0.05 was considered as significant.Results: Most of the participants belonged to age group 35 to 55 years in both the groups. Most of the study cases had low income status than the control group. Maximum patients with cervical cancer took OCP in comparison to control. Majority of the patients with cervical cancer had significantly low level of serum folate (<2.7ng/ml) than those in the control group (2.7-16.1ng/ml), p=000.Conclusion: A significantly low level of serum folate, was observed in patients with invasive cervical cancer. So dietary interventions with folate supplementation might have some role in prevention of cervical carcinoma.Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2016; Vol. 31(1) : 23-27
Recent Update on Management of Pregnancy with ZIKA Virus Infection
Authors: Haque FM Anamul , Tasnim Saria
Published: October 2017

Zika, an emerging Aedes-mosquito-borne virus are currently being identified with alarming outbreak is spreading throughout the America. Health expert warn that anytime virus could enter Bangladesh due to worldwide easy communication of the people. Concerns have grown even stronger in Bangladesh after news media in Thailand and Taiwan reported cases of the viral infection among locals. Both places are popular destinations for Bangladeshi travellers, increasing the risk of the virus also spreading here. Aedes aegypti, the carrier of the virus, is also responsible for spreading dengue fever throughout the Indian sub-continent region, especially in Bangladesh and India. Pregnant women are at increased risk of neonatal complication like microcephaly if infected with ZIKA virus. This review describes epidemiology, transmission of ZIKAV, clinical presentation and recommendations for pregnancy according to CDC, RCOG,SGOC and WHO guidelines.Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2016; Vol. 31(1) : 40-45
Morbidly Adherent Placenta in Mid Trimester Abortion - A Case Report
Authors: Nahar Kamrun , Farhad Quorrate Eynul , Apsara Suraiya , Afsana Jereen
Published: October 2017

Morbidly adherent placenta (MAP) occurs when there is abnormally firm attachment of placental villi to the uterine wall with the absence of the normal intervening decidua basalis and nitabuchs layer. There are several risk factors of this condition including previous uterine surgery like myomectomy, dilatation and curettage operation, placenta praevia following previous caesarean section, advanced maternal age, multiparity and tobacco use. A diagnosis of MAP can be confirmed with tissue histology; however, medical imaging can be effective diagnostic tool. USG can detect the presence of accreta (80% sensitivity) and absence of accreta (95% specificity). This condition is presented here as a 20 weeks pregnancy with missed abortion with morbid adherent placenta (MAP).Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2016; Vol. 31(1) : 50-53
Abstracts Vol.31(1)
Authors: Chowdhury Saleha Begum
Published: October 2017

Abstract not availableBangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2016; Vol. 31(1) : 57-59
Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) for Prenatal Diagnosis of Genetic Disorders in Bangladesh
Authors: Kazal Rezaul Karim , Chowdhury Saima Akhtar , Parveen Tabassum , Pervin Hasna Hena , Noor Farah , Akhter Nasreen
Published: October 2017

Objective(s): The aim of the study was to identify safety and outcome of trans abdominal Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) for prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders.Materials and methods: This is a retrospective analytical study on women who had undergone trans abdominal CVS. All CVS were done at Fetal medicine centre, Family Foundation, Green Road, Dhaka, from June 2013 to December 2016. A total of 286 couples, who were referred for prenatal diagnosis of various genetic disorders were studied. Trans abdominal CVS was done under local anesthesia and real-time ultrasound guidance. A 18G/88mm Spinal Needle (B Braun, Germany) was used. All CVS were performed with the 2 operators technique. The needle was introduced trans abdominally into the placenta in its longitudinal direction. Once the needle was adequately placed, the chorionic villi were aspirated with a to and fro jiggling movement of the aspiration needle and a suction force was applied through a syringe. Results were recorded and analyzed for descriptive statistics.Results: A total of 286 CVSs were performed as outdoor basis. The most common indication was detecting Beta-thalassaemia (82.5%). Other indications were for diagnosis of aneuploidy (9.7%), Hemophilia (3.1%), Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) (2.4%), Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) (2%). Most procedures were done between 11 and 13 weeks (range 11- 14 weeks). Most aspirations (95.1%) were easy; however, in 4.8% cases the aspiration was difficult due to a variety of factors. The overall success rate was 100%. Minor complications like placental hematoma and pervaginal (P/V) bleeding occurred in 2% and 1.3% respectively, which were subsided by conservative management. The procedure related miscarriage within three weeks not occurred in any cases.Conclusion: Trans abdominal CVS under real-time sonography is a useful outdoor procedure for prenatal diagnosis in early pregnancy without significant risk to the mother and the fetus.Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2016; Vol. 31(2) : 63-69
The Impact of Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure for Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia on Female Sexual Function
Authors: Rahman Mohammed Mizanur , Jahan Raunak , Ferdous Jannatul , Islam Ferdousi
Published: October 2017

Objective(s): Aim of the study was to find out the impact of LEEP (Loop Electrosurgical Excision) on overall sexual function in women with CIN.Materials and methods: This cross sectional study was performed at colposcopy clinic of Dhaka Medical College and Hospital from January 2016 to June 2016. Forty six women with CIN who underwent LEEP at least 6 months before were included in this study by purposive sampling. Face to face interview was taken with a preformed questionnaire on pre procedural sexual function and post-procedural sexual function.Results: Mean age of the women was 32.32 ±4.44 years (range 25 to 40 year). Time of resumption of sexual intercourse was 6.2 weeks on average. There was no change in coital frequency. About nine percent of women complaint of dyspareunia and vaginal dryness, 6.52% complaint of dissatisfaction to sexual intercourse, 10.87% felt lower abdominal pain after coitus and 13.1 % women felt decrease in sexual desire.Conclusion: LEEP for the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia doesnt significantly affect womens sexuality, when compared with sexual function before performing LEEP. Possible adverse effects may overcome by psychological counseling and healthy and hygienic life style.Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2016; Vol. 31(2) : 81-85
Thyroid status and Treatment Response of Hypothyroid Infertile Women in Tertiary Care Center of Bangladesh
Authors: Deeba Farzana , Fatima Parveen , Banu Jesmine , Ishrat Shakeela , Begum Nurjahan , Anwary Shaheen Ara
Published: October 2017

Objective(s): Aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of hypothyroidism in infertile women as well as to assess their response to treatment.Materials and methods: This descriptive study was conducted in Infertility unit of Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Bangladesh, a tertiary care centre from January 2014 to December 2014. Four hundred women who visited infertility clinic of the department for fertility treatment were the target population for this study. Routine investigations such as CBC, Blood sugar 2 hours postparandial or GTT, TSH and Prolactin was done. Subclinical hypothyroidism was diagnosed when there was increased TSH and normal FT4. Hypothyroid patients were given Levothyroxin depending upon TSH levels and continued until end of the study. Patients were followed up for six months even if pregnancy was attained.Results: Out of 400 women 55% were primary and 45% were secondary subfertility. Mean duration of infertility was 4.5 ± 1.2 years. Ninety two (23%) patients were hypothyroid. Among them 66 (16.5%) were subclinical hypothyroid and 26 (6.5%) were frank hypothyroid. The mean TSH levels were 7.34 ± 2.13 ìIU/ml, and the mean PRL levels were 52.46 ± 11.17 ng/ml. Out of 92 infertile women diagnosed as hypothyroidism 75 (81.52%) women conceived after treatment with drugs for hypothyroidism (dose depending upon severity of hypothyroidism, i.e. TSH levels). More than 90% women had regular ovulation for consecutive three cycles after initiation of treatment.Conclusion: The normal TSH levels are the pre-requisite for fertilization. The decision to initiate thyroid replacement therapy in both clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism at early stage is justified in infertile women.Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2016; Vol. 31(2) : 86-89
Updates in Cervical Cancer Prevention
Authors: Hussain Farhat
Published: October 2017

Cervical cancer is a totally preventable cancer in females. There is continuous effort ongoing to overcome the existing deficiencies in the screening and vaccination programme. The goal is to improve the situation so that maximum reduction in the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer can be achieved.Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2016; Vol. 31(2) : 94-96