bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In platform we trust(?) Concepts, problems and a case study about platform education
Authors: Cornali Federica
Published: June 2024

Digitation in education, where online platforms play a central role, has changed teaching and learning scenarios. In addition, it has brought an unprecedented array of public and private actors into the educational arena who provide schools with technological solutions for redesigning learning environments and practices. Though the arena is dominated by EdTech companies, non‐profit initiatives are not entirely absent. After a brief introduction to the main issues relating to the spread of educational platforms, this article will present a rare case of a non‐commercial educational platform developed, implemented and managed in complete autonomy by a community of university students.
Family‐centered profiles of mindful parenting: Longitudinal associations with negative parenting and youth emotional and behavioral problems
Authors: Larrucea‐Iruretagoyena Maite , Parent Justin , Orue Izaskun
Published: June 2024

There has been great interest in analyzing the potential of mindful parenting in promoting family well‐being. Studies indicated that there is a lack of research on the predictive relationship between parenting practice and youth emotional and behavioral problems analyzed from a multi‐informant perspective. This study evaluates the family‐centered profiles of mothers and fathers' mindful parenting and negative parenting and youth problems associated with those profiles. A total of 441 youths (aged 9–14 years), along with their parents, answered self‐report questionnaires in a three‐wave longitudinal study conducted over 1 year. A latent profile analysis was performed to examine the mindful parenting profiles and to identify their associations with youth emotional and behavioral problems and negative parenting as outcomes. The results of latent profile analyses supported a three‐profile solution: low mindful parenting family (35%), high maternal mindful parenting family (24%), and average mindful parenting family (41%). The low mindful parenting family profile showed the highest scores on negative parenting and youth emotional and behavioral problems. The high maternal mindful parenting family profile had the lowest scores on youth negative outcomes but demonstrated similar levels to those of the average mindful parenting family profile regarding negative parenting. Our findings highlight the importance of analyzing specific family profiles that help to develop personalized interventions with optimized treatments regarding family cohesion and environment.
The impact of divorce education programs on co‐parental conflict: Review of programs with parent follow‐up reports
Authors: Guyette Erin , Harris Steven M.
Published: June 2024

Divorce education programs are often required for divorcing or separating parents with minor children to aid in emotional and practical adjustment. However, there is very little consensus between programs or the evaluation process of programs to demonstrate effectiveness or long‐term outcomes. While some short‐term evaluations have shown significant results, the identification of programs that demonstrate long‐term effects on co‐parenting relationships is still missing. Identifying what programs exist with long‐term outcomes can help pinpoint what content or structure of programming is impactful on families in divorce transitions. To address this research gap, a systematic review of the literature was conducted using the PRISMA guidelines to identify what specific and existing divorce education programs have a follow‐up report of a minimum of 3 months and demonstrate a reduction of co‐parental conflict. Sixteen programs were identified that have at least a minimum 3‐month parent follow‐up report; only four of these programs demonstrated statistically significant reductions in co‐parental conflict. A discussion and critique of the program evaluation articles are within this review.
The effect of fiber bridging on mode I fatigue delamination propagation—part I: Testing
Authors: Banks‐Sills Leslie , Gur Hila Ben
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this investigation is to assess the effect of fiber bridging on fatigue delamination propagation. Fiber bridging occurs when testing beam type laminates specimens consisting of unidirectional plies. Unidirectional double cantilever beam specimens composed of the carbon fiber reinforced polymer prepreg AS4/8552 were tested by means of fatigue cycling. A Paris relation was determined based on these tests. Fiber bridging in beam specimens composed of unidirectional plies causes the apparent fatigue delamination curves to exhibit slower growth predicting overly conservative results. In Part I of this study, the effect of fiber bridging was eliminated experimentally from the results. In Part II of this study, a cohesive zone model is developed and used to carry out finite element analyses to simulate the experiments, as well as to eliminate the influence of fiber bridging.
A new perspective on rangelands and pastoralists to reverse their silent demise, which is impacting climate and food supply for billions
Authors: Herrera Calvo Pedro Maria , Alexander Sasha
Published: June 2024

The article summarizes the UNCCD's Global Land Outlook Thematic Report on Rangelands and Pastoralists, recently launched. The report outlines a conceptual framework for managing rangelands as social‐ecological systems and provides several recommendations for preserving, managing and restoring rangelands.
Sentencing individuals on cusp‐cases: The use of offenders’ backgrounds by Scottish Sheriffs
Authors: Velásquez‐Valenzuela Javier
Published: June 2024

To what extent are accused's backgrounds within the criminal justice system considered during the sentencing process, and if they are, how do judges make sense of them? To better understand this aspect of the sentencing process, this article examines data from interviews with, and observations of, 16 Sheriffs in 14 different Scottish Sheriff Courts. The accused persons’ backgrounds were indeed considered during the sentencing process. However, how Sheriffs constructed their role as sentencers seemed to directly affect how they acknowledged and took them into account.
Targeted metabolomics analysis approach to unravel the biofilm formation pathways of Enterococcus faecalis clinical isolates
Authors: Suriyanarayanan Tanujaa , Lee Lye Siang , Han Sharon Hong Yu , Ching Jianhong , Seneviratne Chaminda J.
Published: June 2024

Aim

(i) To characterize Enterococcus faecalis biofilm formation pathways by semi‐targeted metabolomics and targeted nitrogen panel analysis of strong (Ef63) and weak (Ef 64) biofilm forming E. faecalis clinical isolates and (ii) to validate the identified metabolic markers using targeted inhibitors.

Methodology

Previous proteomics profiling of E. faecalis clinical isolates with strong and weak biofilm formation revealed that differences in metabolic activity levels of small molecule, nucleotide and nitrogen compound metabolic processes and biosynthetic pathways, cofactor metabolic process, cellular amino acid and derivative metabolic process and lyase activity were associated with differences in biofilm formation. Hence, semi‐targeted analysis of Ef 63, Ef 64 and ATC control strain Ef 29212 was performed by selecting metabolites that were part of both the previously identified pathways and a curated library with confirmed physical and chemical identity, followed by confirmatory targeted nitrogen panel analysis. Significantly regulated metabolites (p < .05) were selected based on fold change cut‐offs of 1.2 and 0.8 for upregulation and downregulation, respectively, and subjected to pathway enrichment analysis. The identified metabolites and pathways were validated by minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) and colony forming unit (CFU) assays with targeted inhibitors.

Results

Metabolomics analysis showed upregulation of betaine, hypoxanthine, glycerophosphorylcholine, tyrosine, inosine, allantoin and citrulline in Ef 63 w.r.t Ef 64 and Ef 29212, and thesemetabolites mapped to purinemetabolism, urea cycle and aspartate metabolism pathways. MBIC and CFU assays using compounds against selected metabolites and metabolic pathways, namely glutathione against hypoxanthine and hydroxylamine against aspartate metabolism showed inhibitory effects against E. faecalis biofilm formation.

Conclusions

The study demonstrated the importance of oxidative stress inducers such as hypoxanthine and aspartate metabolism pathway in E. faecalis biofilm formation. Targeted therapeutics against these metabolic markers can reduce the healthcare burden associated with E. faecalis infections.
Stockpiling‐based pricing and its welfare effects
Authors: Li Ruochen
Published: June 2024

Consumer stockpiling involves the intertemporal demand substitution that allows the firm to differentiate stockpilers from others and employ varying pricing strategies. In this paper, I set up a two‐period monopoly model that incorporates consumer stockpiling behavior to investigate the effect of stockpiling‐based pricing. In equilibrium, I show that when the level of heterogeneity among consumers is high, consumer stockpiling can be used as a device for the firm to identify preferences and price discrimination. Welfare analysis suggests that consumer stockpiling improves consumer surplus and profit despite the associated stockpiling‐based pricing.
Uncovering Complexities in Reducing Aggression, Conflict and Restrictive Practices in Acute Mental Healthcare Settings: An Overview of Reviews
Authors: Daguman Esario IV , Hutchinson Marie , Lakeman Richard
Published: June 2024

Aggression, conflict and restrictive practices present complexities in acute mental health services, as do implementing service changes to reduce them. Existing published literature needs to offer more high‐level guidance on the effectiveness of these service changes and their associated implementation factors. As a result, an overview of systematic reviews was undertaken to identify (i) nonpharmacological interventions to reduce conflict, aggression and restrictive practices in acute mental health settings, and (ii) their effects across different clinical outcomes. A parallel re‐extraction from primary studies was then utilised (iii) to identify factors influencing successful intervention implementation. Of 124 articles sourced from nine databases and registries, four reviews were retained for the final analysis, using the direction of effect and tabular and narrative summaries. These reviews included programmes or interventions focused on inpatient adolescent, adult and older adult populations. They reported on alternative containment strategies, risk assessments, Safewards, sensory rooms and equipment, Six Core Strategy–based interventions and staff training. The overview found that a combination of interventions intended to improve relationships and reduce interpersonal conflict may help reduce aggression, conflict and restrictive practices. At the same time, stand‐alone staff training and sensory rooms and equipment may have mixed effects. The quality of the evidence linking these interventions to reductions in aggression, conflict and restrictive practices is limited. Successful implementation hinges on multiple factors: intervention characteristics, preparation and planning, evaluation and monitoring, outcome interpretation, stakeholder involvement/investment, staff‐related factors and contextual factors. Any implementation initiative may benefit from using pragmatic and complexity‐informed research methodologies, including integrating meaningful involvement with service users, peer workers and culturally diverse groups.
‘I've got to go in there with my armour on’: Adverse Childhood Experiences Among Adults Who Frequently Attend Emergency Departments
Authors: Binnie Vicki , Jessup Melanie , Le Brocque Robyne , Johnston Amy N. B.
Published: June 2024

Frequent presentations to emergency departments contribute to increased service demands and healthcare costs. Literature suggests these adult presentations may be influenced by childhood adversity. This qualitatively driven, mixed methods study explored the self‐perceived role of childhood adversity in the health of adults who frequently attended Australian Emergency Departments and their perceptions of the healthcare they received. Data were collected using validated instruments and semi‐structured interviews with 12 purposefully sampled adults who frequently attended emergency departments. Qualitative data were analysed using interpretive phenomenological analysis. Three major themes were identified—The experience of childhood adversity: articulating challenges related to childhood trauma, and the subsequent impacts on participants' health, behaviours, relationships and sense of control; Pursuing safety: exploring action participants took to keep themselves and others safe, with this requirement extending into adulthood and influencing Emergency Department presentations; and Seeking humanising healthcare: identifying challenges participants experienced while seeking care in the Emergency Department. Participants perceived their mental health to be profoundly affected by their past experiences of trauma, leaving them feeling vulnerable at times and more likely to experience re‐traumatisation in the Emergency Department. Feelings of stigmatisation during Emergency Department encounters led participants to employ self‐protection strategies creating further barriers to recovery. Participants described Emergency Departments as often failing to comprehensively address their healthcare needs. They offered suggestions for more effective care interventions. Findings highlight the need for further research to inform policy and practice when designing and implementing interventions for these adults. Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) guided study reporting.
A win‐win platform: Stabilized black phosphorous nanosheets loading gallium ions for enhancing the healing of bacterial‐infected wounds through synergistic antibacterial approaches
Authors: Li Zhiwei , Ren Jiwei , Sui Xin , Yang Nan , Li Sijia , Qi Le , Li Sining , Fan Yixin , Liu Zhihui
Published: June 2024

Bacterial infection is the most common complication in wound healing, highlighting an urgent need for the development of innovative antibacterial technologies and treatments to address the growing threats posed by bacterial infections. Black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNSs), as a promising two‐dimensional nanomaterial, have been utilized in treating infected wounds. However, BP's limited stability restricts its application. In this study, we enhance BP's stability and its antibacterial properties by anchoring gallium ions (Ga3+) onto BP's surface, creating a novel antibacterial platform. This modification reduces BP's electron density and enhances its antibacterial capabilities through a synergistic effect. Under near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation, the BP/Ga3+ combination exerts antibacterial effects via photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), while also releasing Ga3+. The Ga3+ employ a ‘Trojan horse strategy’ to disrupt iron metabolism, significantly boosting the antibacterial efficacy of the complex. This innovative material offers a viable alternative to antibiotics and holds significant promise for treating infected wounds and aiding skin reconstruction.
Dielectric properties of disordered A6B2O17 (A = Zr; B = Nb, Ta) phases
Authors: Spurling R. Jackson , Almishal Saeed S. I. , Casamento Joseph , Hayden John , Spangler Ryan , Marakovits Michael , Hossain Arafat , Lanagan Michael , Maria Jon‐Paul
Published: June 2024

We report on the structure and dielectric properties of ternary A6B2O17 (A = Zr; B = Nb, Ta) thin films and ceramics. Thin films are produced via sputter deposition from dense, phase‐homogenous bulk ceramic targets, which are synthesized through a reactive sintering process at 1500°C. Crystal structure, microstructure, chemistry, and dielectric properties are characterized by X‐ray diffraction and reflectivity, atomic force microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and capacitance analysis, respectively. We observe relative permittivities approaching 60 and loss tangents <1 × 10−2 across the 103–105 Hz frequency range in the Zr6Nb2O17 and Zr6Ta2O17 phases. These observations create an opportunity space for this novel class of disordered oxide electroceramics.
Step‐by‐step recommendations utilizing four‐dimensional intracardiac echocardiography in left atrial appendage procedures
Authors: Gidney Brett , Della Rocca Domenico G. , Horton Rodney , Hoffman Joel , Valderrábano Miguel , Natale Andrea , Garg Jalaj , Bhardwaj Rahul , Doshi Shephal
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Four‐dimensional (4D) intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) is a novel cardiac imaging modality that has been applied to various workflows, including catheter ablation, tricuspid valve repair, and left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO). The use of this type of advanced ICE imaging may ultimately allow for the replacement of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) for LAAO, providing comparable imaging quality while eliminating the need for general anesthesia.

Methods

Based on our initial clinical experience with 4D ICE in LAAO, we have developed an optimized workflow for the use of the NUVISION™ 4D ICE Catheter in conjunction with the GE E95 and S70N Ultrasound Systems in LAAO. In this manuscript, we provide a step‐by‐step guide to using 4D ICE in conjunction with compatible imaging consoles. We have also evaluated the performance of 4D ICE with the NUVISION Ultrasound Catheter versus TEE in one LAAO case and present those results here.

Results

In our comparison of 4D ICE using our optimized workflow with TEE in an LAAO case, ICE LAA measurements were similar to those from TEE. The best image resolution was seen via ICE in 2‐dimensional and multislice modes (triplane and biplane). The FlexiSlice multiplanar reconstruction tool, which creates an en‐face image derived from a 4D volume set, also provided valuable information but yielded slightly lower image quality, as expected for these volume‐derived images. For this case, comparable images were obtained with TEE and ICE but with less need to reposition the ICE catheter.

Conclusion

The use of optimized 4D ICE catheter workflow recommendations allows for efficient LAAO procedures, with higher resolution imaging, comparable to TEE.
Single‐cell combined with transcriptome sequencing to explore the molecular mechanism of cell communication in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Zhu Minggao , Yi Yuhu , Jiang Kui , Liang Yongzhi , Li Lijun , Zhang Feng , Zheng Xinglong , Yin Haiyan
Published: June 2024

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a common, chronic, and progressive lung disease that severely impacts human health and survival. However, the intricate molecular underpinnings of IPF remains elusive. This study aims to delve into the nuanced molecular interplay of cellular interactions in IPF, thereby laying the groundwork for innovative therapeutic approaches in the clinical field of IPF. Sophisticated bioinformatics methods were employed to identify crucial biomarkers essential for the progression of IPF. The GSE122960 single‐cell dataset was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) compendium, and intercellular communication potentialities were scrutinized via CellChat. The random survival forest paradigm was established using the GSE70866 dataset. Quintessential genes were selected through Kaplan–Meier (KM) curves, while immune infiltration examinations, functional enrichment critiques and nomogram paradigms were inaugurated. Analysis of intercellular communication revealed an intimate potential connections between macrophages and various cell types, pinpointing five cardinal genes influencing the trajectory and prognosis of IPF. The nomogram paradigm, sculpted from these seminal genes, exhibits superior predictive prowess. Our research meticulously identified five critical genes, confirming their intimate association with the prognosis, immune infiltration and transcriptional governance of IPF. Interestingly, we discerned these genes' engagement with the EPITHELIAL_MESENCHYMAL_TRANSITION signalling pathway, which may enhance our understanding of the molecular complexity of IPF.
Social connections and information leakage: Evidence from target stock price run‐up in takeovers
Authors: Hasan Iftekhar , Tong Lin , Yan An
Published: June 2024

Does information leakage in a target's social networks increase its stock price prior to a merger announcement? Evidence reveals that a target with more social connections indeed experiences a higher pre‐announcement price run‐up. This effect does not exist during or after the merger announcement, or in windows ending two months before the announcement. It is more pronounced among targets with severe asymmetric information, and weaker when the information about the upcoming merger is publicly available prior to the announcement. It is also weaker in expedited deals such as tender offers.
Microencapsulation of Rosa roxburghiiTratt with characterization of the powder and nutritional potential
Authors: Tang Jun , Gao Xuan , Yousaf Muhammad , Liu Dong‐Mei
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the freeze‐drying process of Rosa roxburghii Tratt powder and evaluate the bioactive compound and physicochemical properties of the powder produced under optimal conditions. The external properties of the three different encapsulating agents were compared. Based on this, we selected the appropriate enzyme and encapsulating agent and performed response surface process optimization. The thermodynamic analysis, particle size, ATR‐FTIR spectra, X‐ray diffraction, antioxidant properties, and inhibitory activity against pancreatic lipase of R. roxburghii Tratt powders were characterized using super‐fine grinding powder as a control. The results showed that vacuum freeze‐dried powder exhibited 78.05% ± 6.24% scavenging rate of DPPH at 0.5 mg/mL and the inhibition rate of pancreatic lipase at 10 mg/mL was 74.53% ± 0.87%, and possessed significant antioxidant and hypolipidemic activities in vitro. This study provides a reference to the application of R. roxburghii Tratt powder in food and agriculture.

Practical applications

As Rosa roxburghii Tratt juice is not easy to preserve and components with high nutritional value are easily lost during storage or transport, drying the fresh fruit is often used to extend shelf life and develop new products. Through the comparison and application of the encapsulating agents and enzymes, we successfully screened the suitable encapsulating agent and enzyme for the microencapsulation of R. roxburghii Tratt. After process optimization, powder characterization, antioxidant, and pancreatic lipase inhibition analyses, it was demonstrated that the R. roxburghii Tratt powder has a microencapsulation effect, a certain degree of crystallinity, exhibits excellent nutritional potential, and is stable to heat. This study provides a reference to the application of R. roxburghii Tratt powder in food and agriculture.
Association between gut microbiota and acute pancreatitis: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhou Feng , Liu Yang , Shi Yanqing , Wu Nanzhen , Xie Yong , Zhou Xiaojiang
Published: June 2024

Background and Aim

The dysbiosis of gut microbiota has been reported in acute pancreatitis. However, the direction and magnitude between host microbiota and pancreas remains to be established. This study investigated the association between gut microbiota and acute pancreatitis using Mendelian randomization (MR) methods.

Methods

Summary statistics of gut microbiota abundance and acute pancreatitis were extracted from genome‐wide association studies (GWAS). The two‐sample bidirectional MR design was employed to assess genetic association between the microbiota and pancreatitis, followed by a comprehensive sensitivity analysis to verify the robustness of the results.

Results

Seven microbiota taxa have been identified as significantly associated with the development of pancreatitis. Host genetic‐driven order Bacteroidales and class Bacteroidia are associated with an increased risk of pancreatitis. The genera Coprococcus and Eubacterium fissicatena group also exhibit a positive effect on the development of pancreatitis, while the genera Prevotella, Ruminiclostridium, and Ruminococcaceae act as protective factors against pancreatitis. In contrast, acute pancreatitis was positively correlated with phylum Proteobacteria and genus Lachnospiraceae and negatively correlated with genus Holdemania.

Conclusions

The bidirectional relationship between gut microbiota and acute pancreatitis suggests a critical role for host‐microbiota crosstalk in the development of the disease. Targeted modulation of specific gut microbiota enables the prevention and treatment of acute pancreatitis.
α1‐COP modulates plasmodesmata function through sphingolipid enzyme regulation
Authors: Iswanto Arya Bagus Boedi , Vu Minh Huy , Shon Jong Cheol , Kumar Ritesh , Wu Shuwei , Kang Hobin , Kim Da‐Ran , Son Geon Hui , Kim Woe Yoen , Kwak Youn‐Sig , Liu Kwang Hyeon , Kim Sang Hee , Kim Jae‐Yean
Published: June 2024

Callose, a β‐1,3‐glucan plant cell wall polymer, regulates symplasmic channel size at plasmodesmata (PD) and plays a crucial role in a variety of plant processes. However, elucidating the molecular mechanism of PD callose homeostasis is limited. We screened and identified an Arabidopsis mutant plant with excessive callose deposition at PD and found that the mutated gene was α1‐COP, a member of the coat protein I (COPI) coatomer complex. We report that loss of function of α1‐COP elevates the callose accumulation at PD by affecting subcellular protein localization of callose degradation enzyme PdBG2. This process is linked to the functions of ERH1, an inositol phosphoryl ceramide synthase, and glucosylceramide synthase through physical interactions with the α1‐COP protein. Additionally, the loss of function of α1‐COP alters the subcellular localization of ERH1 and GCS proteins, resulting in a reduction of GlcCers and GlcHCers molecules, which are key sphingolipid (SL) species for lipid raft formation. Our findings suggest that α1‐COP protein, together with SL modifiers controlling lipid raft compositions, regulates the subcellular localization of GPI‐anchored PDBG2 proteins, and hence the callose turnover at PD and symplasmic movement of biomolecules. Our findings provide the first key clue to link the COPI‐mediated intracellular trafficking pathway to the callose‐mediated intercellular signaling pathway through PD.
The regulatory mechanism of rapid lignification for timely anther dehiscence
Authors: Xue Jing‐Shi , Feng Yi‐Feng , Zhang Ming‐Qi , Xu Qin‐Lin , Xu Ya‐Min , Shi Jun‐Qin , Liu Li‐Fang , Wu Xiao‐Feng , Wang Shui , Yang Zhong‐Nan
Published: June 2024

Anther dehiscence is a crucial event in plant reproduction, tightly regulated and dependent on the lignification of the anther endothecium. In this study, we investigated the rapid lignification process that ensures timely anther dehiscence in Arabidopsis. Our findings reveal that endothecium lignification can be divided into two distinct phases. During Phase I, lignin precursors are synthesized without polymerization, while Phase II involves simultaneous synthesis of lignin precursors and polymerization. The transcription factors MYB26, NST1/2, and ARF17 specifically regulate the pathway responsible for the synthesis and polymerization of lignin monomers in Phase II. MYB26‐NST1/2 is the key regulatory pathway responsible for endothecium lignification, while ARF17 facilitates this process by interacting with MYB26. Interestingly, our results demonstrate that the lignification of the endothecium, which occurs within approximately 26 h, is much faster than that of the vascular tissue. These findings provide valuable insights into the regulation mechanism of rapid lignification in the endothecium, which enables timely anther dehiscence and successful pollen release during plant reproduction.
Applying the Rupture Resolution Rating System to emotion‐focused couple therapy
Authors: Sherlow‐Levin Avital , Shahar Ben , Goldman Rhonda , Bar‐Kalifa Eran
Published: June 2024

Alliance ruptures and their repair are robustly associated with outcomes in individual therapy. Little is known about these processes in couple therapy, despite the acknowledged challenges of nurturing the alliance when working with two parties in conflict. One factor contributing to this gap in the literature is the lack of an instrument to capture ruptures and repair in couple therapy. We adapted the Rupture Resolution Rating System (3RS) to identify ruptures and repairs in couple therapy at the within‐system (between the two partners) and the between‐system (between each partner and the therapist) levels. Sessions from one couple with good outcome and one couple with poor outcome were coded. Couples were in therapy to deal with emotional injury. Rupture‐repair events in both the within‐system and between‐system were common. The couple with the poor outcome showed greater levels of rupture with the therapist. The injured partners (vs. injurer partners) demonstrated higher frequencies of ruptures.
Predicting sepsis at emergency department triage: Implementing clinical and laboratory markers within the first nursing assessment to enhance diagnostic accuracy
Authors: Sisto Ugo Giulio , Di Bella Stefano , Porta Elisa , Franzoi Giorgia , Cominotto Franco , Guzzardi Elena , Artusi Nicola , Giudice Caterina Anna , Dal Bo Eugenia , Collot Nicholas , Sirianni Francesca , Russo Savino , Sanson Gianfranco
Published: June 2024

Background

Early identification of sepsis in the emergency department (ED) triage is both valuable and challenging. Numerous studies have endeavored to pinpoint clinical and biochemical criteria to assist clinicians in the prompt diagnosis of sepsis, but few studies have assessed the efficacy of these criteria in the ED triage setting. The aim of the study was to explore the accuracy of clinical and laboratory markers evaluated at the triage level in identifying patients with sepsis.

Methods

A prospective study was conducted in a large academic urban hospital, implementing a triage protocol aimed at early identification of septic patients based on clinical and laboratory markers. A multidisciplinary panel of experts reviewed cases to ensure accurate identification of septic patients. Variables analyzed included: Charlson comorbidity index, mean arterial pressure (MAP), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PetCO2), white cell count, eosinophil count, C‐reactive protein to albumin ratio, procalcitonin, and lactate.

Results

A total of 235 patients were included. Multivariable analysis identified procalcitonin ≥1 ng/mL (OR 5.2; p < 0.001); CRP‐to‐albumin ratio ≥32 (OR 6.6; p < 0.001); PetCO2 ≤ 28 mmHg (OR 2.7; p = 0.031), and MAP <85 mmHg (OR 7.5; p < 0.001) as independent predictors for sepsis. MAP ≥85 mmHg, CRP/albumin ratio <32, and procalcitonin <1 ng/mL demonstrated negative predictive values for sepsis of 90%, 89%, and 88%, respectively.

Conclusions

Our study underscores the significance of procalcitonin and mean arterial pressure, while introducing CRP/albumin ratio and PetCO2 as important variables to consider in the very initial assessment of patients with suspected sepsis in the ED.

Clinical Relevance

Early identification of sepsis since the emergency department (ED) triage is challenging

Implementing the ED triage protocol with simple clinical and laboratory markers allows to recognize patients with sepsis with a very good discriminatory power (AUC 0.88)
A scoping review of hospital to home transitional care programmes for stroke survivors
Authors: Xu Xuewei , Chen Huijie , Xu Dandan , Tan Fengying , Li Xiaohan
Published: June 2024

Aim

The study was aimed at exploring the current scope of hospital to home transitional care programmes for stroke survivors.

Background

Stroke survivors face the dilemma of solving many complex problems that leave survivors at high risk for readmission as they discharge from hospital. The transitional care model has proved to be effective in reducing readmissions and mortality, thereby improving health outcomes and enhancing patient satisfaction for survivors with stroke.

Design

A scoping review.

Methods

Conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Methodology for Scoping Reviews.

Data Sources

A comprehensive search was conducted in nine databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CINAHL, Medline, China Knowledge Net‐work, Wanfang Database and China Biomedical Literature Database (SinoMed) from January 2014 to June 2023.

Results

Title and abstract screening was performed on 10,171 articles resulting in 287 articles for full‐text screening. Full‐text screening yielded 49 articles that met inclusion criteria.

Conclusion

This study identified transitional care programmes for stroke survivors, as well as areas for future consideration to be explored in more depth to help improve transitional care for stroke survivors as they transition from hospital to home.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

This study demonstrates that multidisciplinary collaboration becomes an integral part of the transitional care model for stroke survivors, which provides comprehensive and precise medical care to them.

Reporting Method

PRISMA checklist for scoping reviews.

Patient and Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution was part of this study.
Patients in isolation, their physical, environmental and mental health: An exploratory study
Authors: Digby Robin , Kramer Sharon , Yuan Vicky , Ozavci Guncag , Bucknall Tracey K.
Published: June 2024

Background

Strict patient isolation in hospital is associated with adverse health outcomes. However, there is a lack of high‐quality evidence for effective interventions to improve safety and quality of care for these patients.

Aims

To identify patient reported areas for improvement in the care of patients in hospital isolation and to determine the feasibility of collecting patient reported outcomes using validated tools.

Methods

Design

An exploratory mixed methods study.

Setting

A major metropolitan teaching hospital in Melbourne, Australia.

Participants

Patients in hospital isolation for transmissible infections.

Data collection

Data were collected by (1) phone interviews with patients in isolation and (2) seven validated measurement tools to assess cognition, loneliness, nutritional status, quality of life, anxiety and depression and physical activity. Data were collected between September and December 2021.

Data analysis

Interviews were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively including participant characteristics and outcome data.

Results

Participants identified areas for improvement including activities to decrease boredom, more contact with staff to mitigate loneliness and increase comfort care, and formalised communication about clinical treatment and discharge plan. Patients with gastrointestinal symptoms were happier to be alone. There were operational challenges within the health service including delays and miscommunication. Only 70% of the participants completed all questionnaires.

Conclusion

This study identified areas for improvement in care of patients in isolation and demonstrated that collecting patient reported outcomes using validated tools was feasible. The results of this research will inform development of an intervention to manage adverse effects.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

Patients in hospital isolation require additional consideration to ensure that their needs are met to avoid adverse outcomes. The patient experience and comfort can be negatively affected when fundamental care is lacking.

Reporting Method (EQUATOR)

EQUATOR guidelines for Mixed Methods Reporting in Rehabilitation & Health Sciences (MMR‐RHS).

Patient or Public Contribution

Thirteen patients in hospital isolation agreed to participate in this study, sharing their experiences through interviews and assessment.
Becoming whole again—Caring for the self in chronic illness—A narrative review of qualitative empirical studies
Authors: Hajdarevic Senada , Norberg Astrid , Lundman Berit , Hörnsten Åsa
Published: June 2024

Aim and Objectives

To explore how chronic illness transforms the self when living with and managing chronic illness and what this means for their self and identity. We also discuss how people with chronic conditions could be supported by healthcare professionals to manage illness in daily life.

Background

Self‐management recommendations from health care are commonly based on a biomedical understanding of the disease. People's experiences of how a condition affects them and adequate support are crucial for their outcomes in daily self‐management.

Design

A narrative review.

Methods

A systematic search was undertaken during January 2021 across the databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Soc INDEX and Philosopher's Index. A quality appraisal of articles was performed. Our analysis was inspired by qualitative content analysis. The PRISMA Checklist 2020/EQUATOR guidelines was used to report the study.

Results

Twenty‐eight peer‐reviewed qualitative empirical articles focusing on self in a variety of chronic illnesses with relevance to nursing published from January 2010 to December 2020 were included. The main theme, Developing from an uncertain existence to meaning and wholeness, was built up by the five themes: Walking on an unstable ground; Being stalemated; Being involved with others for better or worse; Searching for meaning; and lastly, Modifying self and integrating a new way of living.

Conclusions

The results illuminate experiences that seldom are prioritized but need to be addressed by health professionals. Such experiences are oriented more towards the existential self rather than medical issues, why it is important to go beyond the medical lens.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

This is important knowledge for nurses aiming to support people with chronic illnesses. Nurses supporting people in self‐management need to be aware that by teaching and encouraging people to revise their daily habits, they also work on the boundaries of their self‐concept.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Understanding market sentiment analysis: A survey
Authors: Heydarian Peyman , Bifet Albert , Corbet Shaen
Published: June 2024

Market sentiment analysis (MSA) has evolved significantly over nearly four decades, growing in relevance and application in economics and finance. This paper extensively reviews MSA, encompassing methodologies ranging from lexicon‐based techniques to traditional Machine Learning (ML), Deep Learning (DL), and hybrid approaches. Emphasizing the transition from rudimentary word counters to sophisticated feature extraction from diverse sources such as news, social media, and share prices, the study presents an updated state‐of‐the‐art review of sentiment analysis. Furthermore, using network analysis, a bibliometric and scientometric lens is applied to map the expanding footprint of sentiment research within economics and finance, revealing key trends, dominant research hubs, and potential areas for interdisciplinary collaboration. This exploration consolidates the foundational and emerging methods in MSA and underscores its dynamic interplay with global financial ecosystems and the imperative for future integrative research trajectories.
Kierkegaard, Social Media, and Despair
Authors: Robinson Tekoa
Published: June 2024

This essay offers a Kierkegaardian analysis of and response to the harmful effects of destabilization that can be caused by engaging with certain technological media. It argues that the intellectual technological ethic that is at work in social media platforms reflects two types of despair discussed in Søren Kierkegaard's Sickness Unto Death. It advises using a Kierkegaard‐inspired Socratic rhetorical strategy of communication that ironically employs technology for depicting this despair and awakening individuals to its presence in their lives. Moreover, this essay suggests that the edifying themes of “misery” and “guilt” can be communicated indirectly and thereby offer one  intervention that could possibly help the current technological age move from the immediate aesthetic sphere of existence to the religious sphere. Considering the important role of upbuilding in Kierkegaard's oeuvre, the final portion explores how even someone who does not identify with a religious tradition or community may encounter what Kierkegaard terms the paradox of the eternal in time in ways that foster the development of authentic selfhood.
Quantifying the impacts of climate shocks in commercial real estate markets
Authors: Holtermans Rogier , Niu Dongxiao , Zheng Siqi
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the capitalization of climate shocks in commercial real estate owned and operated by professional investors. We focus on Hurricanes Harvey and Sandy to quantify the price impacts of climate shocks on commercial buildings in Texas and New York. We find clear evidence of a decline in transaction prices in hurricane‐damaged areas after the hurricanes made landfall, compared to unaffected areas. We also observe that the “new news” about climate risk is significantly priced in both states—assets in locations outside the FEMA floodplain (with a lower prior perception of flood risk) that were inundated by the hurricanes experienced larger price discounts, indicating that actual flooding updates investors' perception of flood risk. Moreover, we find that the hurricane discount is more pronounced among buyers with more transaction experience. The transaction price discount also increases with higher climate change beliefs in the local market and among investors. Our findings underline the role of information provision and environmental awareness in the materialization of climate risks' impact on commercial real estate values.
Pop‐Up Safety Town: Leveling the Playing Field for Children in Underserved Communities Through Injury Prevention Education
Authors: Boeke Sarah , Kim Erin , Ryan Charlotte , Hashikawa Andrew , Wendt Wendi‐Jo
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Unintentional injuries are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children and adolescents in the United States. Traditional injury education interventions for children often are inaccessible due to cost and logistics in underserved communities, exacerbating injury disparities. A new approach is needed to close this gap for families with preschool children.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THEORY

Collaborating with Head Start preschools optimizes engagement and accessibility to families in underserved communities. Involving caregivers and community organizations addresses the limitations of conventional interventions and community‐specific injury prevention concerns.

IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITY

Pop‐up Safety Town offers a more affordable model for injury prevention education, particularly in underserved regions. The model's approach, using adaptable education, mobile and reusable materials, and volunteer staffing, offers greater potential for achieving sustainable impact in these underserved communities.

CONCLUSIONS

Pop‐up Safety Town presents a novel upstream solution to address disparities in injury prevention education in underserved communities.
Intellectual disability: A potentially treatable condition
Authors: Donoghue Sarah E , Amor David J
Published: June 2024

The application of genomics has greatly increased the diagnosis of specific monogenic causes of intellectual disability and improved our understanding of the neuronal processes that result in cognitive impairment. Meanwhile, families are building rare disease communities and seeking disease‐specific treatments to change the trajectory of health and developmental outcomes for their children. To date, treatments for intellectual disability have focussed on metabolic disorders, where early treatment has improved cognition and neurodevelopmental outcomes. In this article, we discuss the treatment strategies that may be possible to change the neurodevelopmental outcome in a broader range of genetic forms of intellectual disability. These strategies include substrate modification, enzyme replacement therapy, gene therapy and molecular therapies. We argue that intellectual disability should now be considered a potentially treatable condition and a strong candidate for precision medicine.
Integration of dental therapists in safety net practice increases access to oral health care in Minnesota
Authors: Khan Mishal , Catalanotto Frank , Singhal Astha , Revere F. Lee
Published: June 2024

Objectives

This study evaluates the impact of introducing dental therapists (DTs) into Children's Dental Services (CDS), a large non‐profit organization in Minnesota. The aim is to assess the effect of DTs in improving access and reducing dental care costs in Minnesota by analyzing the trends in dental care delivery and procedures performed by CDS dentists and therapists.

Methods

Using 2009 to 2021 data from CDS, the study compares trends in patient volume, types of procedures, salary data and payments by dentists, DTs, and registered dental hygienists (RDH). Return on investment (ROI) trends are calculated using salary and revenues for each provider type.

Results

After introducing DTs at CDS and implementing mobile clinics, the number of patients served and volume increased steadily, demonstrating increased access. DTs provided an increasing proportion of fluorides, sealants, and extractions through 2020. Interestingly 2021, there was a decrease for DTs, possibly due to Covid related workforce shortages. ROI analysis showed that DTs' ROI dramatically rose, eventually surpassing dentists, while RDHs maintained a constant ROI. Dentists' ROI also initially increased after adopting DTs in the practice.

Conclusion

Integrating DTs at CDS improved access by expanding mobile clinics, increasing patient volume, and redistributing procedures, while demonstrating a positive return on investment. Results suggest that adopting the DT model may be a promising practice for other organizations seeking to improve access to dental care, increase operational efficiency, and boost the dental care team's ROI.
Educating long‐term care staff on older adult oral health: Maine's oral team‐based initiative vital access to education (MOTIVATE) program
Authors: Crittenden Jennifer A. , Nelligan Labrini I. , O'Connell Denise , Brennan Leonard
Published: June 2024

Introduction

The oral health status of older adults in the United States is a public health crisis and a silent epidemic. Maine's Oral Team‐Based Initiative Vital Access to Education (MOTIVATE) Program is an innovative interprofessional oral health program aimed at enhancing oral health education and practice of interprofessional health care teams in nursing homes. Using a blended learning model, a combination of in‐person and online learning, this program provides a foundation from which to implement evidenced based oral care in nursing homes.

Methods

Learning outcomes were assessed via a three‐part timed series survey. A set of self‐report assessment items measured skills implemented at baseline and post‐training.

Results

Learning domain scores increased over time from baseline to post‐training. Confidence in providing oral healthcare and role clarity in providing oral health care improved over time. Staff identified using new skills in daily oral care and communication across the interprofessional team.

Discussion

The MOTIVATE program is an effective collaborative‐based model for developing oral health competencies and promoting evidence‐based oral health care in nursing homes.