bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Religious Segregation in Rural Urban Community: The Experiences from Cihampelas District, Indonesia
Authors: Waluyajati Roro Sri Rejeki
Published: February 2023

This paper examines religious segregation in Desakota communities, especially in Cihampelas District, West Bandung Regency, West Java, Indonesia. The method used in this paper is a qualitative method through collecting data from literature review, observation, and interviews. The results of the research show that segregation of religious areas has taken place in this place from 1970 until now. The identity of religious organizations is essential for community members to determine where they will live and the social treatment they will receive. Conflicts and clashes became commonplace in the sacred pattern of the community in the Cihampelas District in the 1990s. Therefore, the social and economic changes that have occurred in society have changed many things, including the way of the religion of the people. In addition, there were significant changes in religious and religious patterns in the people in this region; before the 1990s, their sacred designs tended to be exclusive; meanwhile, after the 1990s, until now, the religious and religious patterns of society were more inclusive or characteristic types. This change in spiritual practice has created a neutral sacred zone with community members who are pluralist in faith in that area.
Validación de instrumentos para medir la autogestión del aprendizaje y competencias informacionales en un sistema de clases en línea
Authors: Albornoz - Ocampo Jorge Andrés
Published: February 2023

El objetivo de la presente investigación es validar instrumentos para medir la capacidad del estudiante para el logro de un aprendizaje autogestivo y el nivel de competencias informacionales que éste maneja, en un contexto de clases en línea, empleados en una muestra de 218 estudiantes de enseñanza media del Colegio Alberto Hurtado de la comuna de Villarrica. Se utilizó el programa SPSS v28.0 para comprobar la confiabilidad de los instrumentos mediante el coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach. El primer instrumento evaluó el aprendizaje autogestivo, compuesto por 34 indicadores, cuyo análisis arroja un resultado de .901. El segundo instrumento evaluó las competencias informacionales, compuesto por 18 indicadores, cuyo análisis arroja un resultado de .903. Cabe mencionar que, la validez de los dos instrumentos se realizó mediante un panel de expertos. Con los resultados mencionados, se concluye que ambos instrumentos son válidos y confiables para ser aplicados en Chile a un grupo de estudiantes con características similares.
Danish, Estonian, English: Variations on a theme
Authors: Pöchtrager Markus
Published: February 2023

Danish stød (a laryngealisation) is usually said to signal the second mora in odd-numbered syllables, counting from the right (Basbøll 1985; 1988; 2005). While descriptively adequate (with appropriate qualifications), such a statement leaves several questions unaddressed: Is that distribution an idiosyncratic quirk of Danish? What is special about the second mora? Why should ordinal numbering of syllables matter? This paper argues that the distributional pattern is neither restricted to Danish nor to stød. The same format of representation that can explain the distribution of length in Estonian and English lends itself to the analysis of the seemingly unrelated phenomenon of stød. Where the languages differ is in the exact nature of the relations contracted within those representations. This not only positions Danish within the larger context of phonological theory, but also explains why the distribution takes the form it does.
Multimodal cues to intonational categories: Gesture apex coordination with tonal events
Authors: Turk Olcay , Calhoun Sasha
Published: February 2023

This study argues for a multimodal view of the identification, representation, and implementation of intonational structure, with evidence from gesture apex-tone coordination in Turkish. Many studies have reported consistent synchronisation of atomic prominence markers across modalities (i.e., pitch accents and gesture apexes). This is prima facie evidence that gesture and prosody are implemented together, and therefore the former can play a role in the identification and perception of the latter through apex-tone synchronisation. However, only few studies considered the full intonational context when investigating synchronisation (e.g., potential alignment of apexes with boundary tones). This is particularly relevant for Turkish as there is disagreement in the literature about whether all words in Turkish bear a pitch accent. In this study, we test the synchronisation of apexes with all intonational events in Turkish natural speech data annotated for gesture and prosody, resulting in 820 gesture apex and 3697 tonal event annotations. The study uses syllable duration (160ms) to determine synchronisation between these anchors via equivalence tests while also integrating gestural and prosodic context as factors that can affect the temporal distance between these units through mixed-effects linear regression. The findings showed that apexes were chiefly synchronised with pitch accents (71%), indicating that prominence was the primary constraint for synchronisation. However, analysis of cases with no prosodic prominence provides the first evidence for a hierarchical constraint on synchronisation, since apexes were preferentially synchronised with the tones marking prosodic words (76%) and not with the markers of prosodic constituents higher in the hierarchy. This finding supports the claim that there may be accentless words in Turkish since the absence of prominence caused a systematic shift in the synchronisation behaviour of apexes. More generally, the study shows how multimodal evidence from gesture can be used in the identification of phonological categories, and that prosodic structure is likely to be expressed through multimodal cues as a composite signal.
Attributive hyphenated composites in the electoral speech creativity of American media: Objective and pragmatic causality
Authors:   Far Eastern Federal University, Nikolaeva Olga V.
Published: February 2023

The article discusses a two-level causal analysis of the attributive composite formation in the US electoral speech creativity. The research material included attributive hyphenated composites from American mass media sources that covered the US election campaigns of 2016 and 2020. The research methodology integrates the approaches of the functional word formation and morphopragmatics, which focus on the problems of wordproduction in real communication, in live speech, in context, and in discourse. It was proved that the occurrence of attributive hyphenated composites in the electoral discourse of American media could be the result of both objective and pragmatic factors. Objective causality lies in the diachronic typological constants of the English language, the ontological conditionality of the nomination by the hyphen complex, and in the features of modern communication. The reasons for the “contraction” of the polylexemic construction into a functional and structural-semantic whole should be sought in the spiral (bidirectional) model of analytic development of the English language, which was associated with semantic compression, “contraction” and inter-level rearrangement at each new turn. The continuous formation of hyphenated composites is the result of a typologically relevant dialectical interaction between analytic discreteness and a new analogical synthesis. Objective factors include, as well the properties of modern verbal communication with its tendency to spatial-temporal compression, the tendency to thicken and condense information. Pragmatic factors are realized on the basis of objective ones and are expressed in the pragmatically-appropriate compression techniques. Different types of compressive linguistic experimentation are in demand, including “continuum” units that border between different language levels. Attributive hyphenated composites represent the transition “lexeme - syntactic construction” in the structural aspect, and “lexeme - text” in the content aspect, being the content “staplers” of the entire US electoral macrodiscourse. An attributive hyphenated composite with a “language creativity charge” is a technique for realizing the persuasive potential of electoral discourse. The conciseness of hyphenated composites and their ability to convey many pragmatic meanings in a “condensed” form is considered as a manifestation of linguistic creative activity and increasing information capacity.
Strategies for conceptualizing historical responsibility in the context of modern media representations
Authors:   National Research Tomsk State University, Anikin Daniil A. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Linchenko Andrei A. ,   Lipetsk State Technical University; Lipetsk Branch of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Published: February 2023

The article analyzes theoretical models of historical responsibility and the peculiarities of their application in the context of modern media presentations. A comparative analysis of the models of historical responsibility in modern foreign philosophy and social and humanitarian knowledge clearly indicates the dominance of the universalist and constructivist approaches in understanding historical responsibility. In the latter case, it is viewed as a social practice that develops within a certain community and is focused on appropriation or participation in the distribution of symbolic capital. Historical responsibility is a “tense” relationship of the emerging sociocultural situation, where the discursive practices of historical responsibility (imparting guilt; identifying victims, criminals, participants, observers) turn out to be a kind of a mechanism of symbolic dominance in the political space. This state of affairs cannot escape the influence of, first of all, the media. They turn out to be an environment for the actualization and transformation of historical responsibility discourses that begin to obey the media's logic, goals and objectives. Based on the methodological ideas of Pierre Bourdieu's theory of symbolic struggle and sociophilosophical analysis, the scientist, instrumentalist and pluralistic media strategies in relation to the discourse of historical responsibility were identified and analyzed. The main criterion for highlighting these media strategies was the role of the history researchers' professional community. Each of them was presented in the context of opportunities and risks. The analysis shows that, in the modern symbolic space, these strategies are blended, as a result of which various subjects of historical responsibility not only contribute to the fragmentation of space, but also create potentially conflict-prone clusters. In the context of works by A. Rigney, A. Erll, M. Rothberg, L. Bond, and R. Crownshaw, the article demonstrates that the blending of media strategies is especially noticeable in the context of new transcultural and cross-border ways of collective memory dynamics, when the familiar images of the victim, the criminal, the participant, and the observer find themselves in new interpretative contexts of the host culture, the historical politics of the host society, and the dynamics of its transgenerational values.
A tool for the cultivation of culture. On the general method of cultural science
Authors:   National Pedagogical Dragomanov University, Volkov Pavel V.
Published: February 2023

As a result of many years of discussions about what exactly culturology studies and whether it is a separate science at all, it has become, by and large, the conventional agreement of scientists to consider, following the post-positivist Popper, that there are as many sciences as there are scientists. In a sense, this is convenient, since it allows any available methods to be used for the study of culture with an equal degree of acceptability. The problem is not that they cannot be applied at all, but in their equivalence, lack of causal subordination, hierarchy. It is this position that follows from the impossibility (or unwillingness) to strictly limit the subject of cultural studies because if culturology studies “... any types and forms of human life” (A. Flier), then any method for studying them can be chosen. After Hegel, attempts to comprehend the general laws of the development of culture (and this is the task of culturology as a science) become increasingly rare, and the work of a culturologist is reduced to a phenomenological description of individual cultural phenomena, which are essentially unknowable without their generalization. The substance of culture has dissolved in all the infinite variety of its accidents. Human activities depend on living conditions, but it also creates new conditions, a new “context”, which in turn mediates new forms of activity, and these create a new culture, a new social experience materialized in artifacts, norms of behavior and language and so on ad infinitum. A person constantly creates culture and a new oneself with it, he himself becomes the result of his creation. “The circle of culture”, its development from person to person, i.e. from oneself to oneself, with each circle at an ever-higher level of social progress - conceptually, such a movement can be comprehended only with the help of Hegelian dialectics. Logic reflects the movement of the world in the movement of concepts, thereby becoming a theoretical reflection of scientific thinking. The principle of the dialectical method lies in the identity of thinking and the thinkable, i.e. in that the movement of the scientist's thought coincides with the movement of the development of science. This conclusion does not imply that other methods are inapplicable in cultural studies. On the contrary, the diversity of different approaches to the study of culture is also objectively necessary, as is the objective existence of the diversity of cultural phenomena. But as an individual presupposes the universal, so the manifold presupposes the one. This connection is cognized with the help of Hegelian dialectics, dialectical monism, a universal method for social sciences, including cultural studies; universal, not in the sense of the only one, but in the sense of a single, systemically uniting various particular methods, a kind of logical “compass” that does not allow one to stray from the right direction of movement of any science - movement to truth.
Human biological insufficiency as limit and as stimulus: Ontological and anthropological dimensions
Authors:   Perm State University, Zhelnin Anton I.
Published: February 2023

The article deals with the phenomenon of human biological insufficiency, its essence, consequences and ways of overcoming. Research includes its ontological analysis (concept of bio-ontology is used because it is important to take into account a qualitive specifity of this phenomenon, its connection with biological reality). In modern situation, it is represented primarily by a large-scale epidemic of “diseases of civilization” and a global aging of human population. Due to their multifactorial complex nature, biological insufficiency, indicating the presence of limitations in human organic life, is a challenge for the entire building of biomedicine and, in a broader sense, of the whole technoscience. At the same time, the biological insufficiency of humans is a relative phenomenon in its nature, since it does not imply any fatal flaw in their biology: on the contrary, the latter is optimally developed and representative of the biological as such, and the insufficiency is balanced by its adaptive universality and extreme plasticity. Within the framework of biomedical progress and the broad medicalization of society, there is a gradual convergence of the meanings of “therapy” and “enhancement”, but, due to the relative nature of the insufficiency, the therapeutic vector, the core of which is both normalization and a gradual “evolutionary” expansion of the potential naturally laid down in human biology, should prevail. The radical morphological transformation of humans, advocated by transhumanism, is bio-ontologically not only redundant (due to the relative nature of insufficiency), but also unacceptable, since the biological remains in indissoluble unity with the highest, properly human and social qualities, so that a significant modification of the organic basis would lead to a deformation of the entire essence of a human as a holistic being. The alternative is a gradual, evolutionary improvement of the quality of human biological functioning, the transition of biomedicine to predictive and preventive forms, the rationalization of human lifestyle, the introduction of systems for predicting and planning of biological processes in society. The main conclusion is that the phenomenon of biological insufficiency, being the limit, is relative in its essence. Along with the negative side, it also has the positive one and is a stimulus for further progress. In the course of the progress, humanity will sooner or later move to a rational autopoietic management of its vital foundation without a radical transformation of the latter due to the bio-ontological redundancy and the anthropological danger of this scenario. However, even in the relative format, controlled evolution can create serious risks which will require strong regulators, and a complex anthropological and ontological (including bio-ontological) expertise.
PRC's digital media amid the trade war with the United States: Conditions within the country and prospects for expansion
Authors:   Baikal State University, Rinchinov Artem B.
Published: February 2023

The article aims to highlight some of the features of Chinese information policy and state regulation in order to survey the current state of Chinese media theory within the country. In the sphere of China's foreign relations, the aim was to find evidence that, under conditions of economic pressure, China is moving from a policy of “soft power” towards its partner countries to the practice of building direct economic and infrastructural dependence. The theoretical part of the article is mainly based on the materials of the Chinese Tsinghua Institute. When studying the situation abroad, data from the Australian Institute for Strategic Policy and similar think-tanks in North America were used. According to the current Chinese media theory, all information sources inside the country make up three major groups with more than six subdivisions inside each group. Another point of Chinese media theory, which includes the “six forces” concept, brings much more controversy. According to it, “government” and “party force” are different actors while “capital force” has only limited influence over media content. This concept may be disputed by example of “Southern Model”, when one of the Chinese provinces used a lot of autonomy in its broadcasting policy. The autonomy came to an end, when the state-owned company SMC gained control over the province's broadcasting in 2007. This is one of the examples of how party, state and capital forces' acts combined and merged into one. Correlation analysis shows the interdependence between capital and state forces within the country. The article examines activities of Chinese media, government-organized non-governmental organizations (GONGO), and communications corporations abroad. According to open-source data, the hugest economic intervention in media markets of developing countries made by China so far is united under the Digital Silk Road initiative. During the trade war, many Chinese companies, like Huawei, lost their western customers and markets access. By maintaining Chinese media market shut for foreign capital and by expanding own communication network beyond borders through the web of GONGO and favored contracts, Beijing gains an advantage in the ongoing trade war. Such impermanence shows the incompleteness of media theory in China. While being recent, it struggles to describe objective reality without notion that in highly monopolized and regulated spheres, like Chinese media market, the forces of national capital and government may act on behalf of each other. China, despite the lack of a sophisticated theoretical basis, gains control over the media policy in developing countries. The Chinese-built communication infrastructure, which allows controlling internet and mobile media, becomes fundamental for countries in Africa, South-East and Central Asia. Such a situation may lead these countries to fall into the Chinese sphere of influence.
The Soviet political science tradition in universities: Politics and political science in the works of Alexander Kovalev
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Sobolev Vladimir A. , Filimonov Kirill G. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: February 2023

In the contemporary history of Russian political science, there is a common view that the formation of the Soviet political scientific tradition and Russian political science occurs in the late 1980s - early 1990s. That was the time when Russian political science began to gain its subjectivity, borrowing its tools and agenda from the West: from an understanding of “politics” and “power” to the fashion to research some popular issues as democratization and modernization. One of the objectives of this article is to present an alternative point of view and draw some attention not only to the duration of the history of the Soviet political scientific tradition but also to the developments of domestic authors, demonstrating their intellectual connection with foreign colleagues even in conditions of ideological isolation. The literature review shows that the issue of the Soviet political scientific tradition developing, especially in universities, is given quite a little attention, especially against the background of the study of the institutional and organizational development of Soviet political science in academic institutes of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and, later, political science in Russian universities and analytical centers. The authors draw attention to this issue, following the formation of the Soviet political science tradition in universities with examples from the works of Professor of Moscow University Alexander Kovalev, considering his ideas on politics in the context of world political theory development, its history, and modern approaches. The intellectual legacy of Kovalev demonstrates the importance of such addressing to local subjects of the history of political science of Russia, where the gap between the Soviet and foreign research agenda is not as large as is generally believed. The Soviet political science tradition, including its university branch, reveals its connection with world research in many aspects related to raising the question of politics and the political, in studies of the functions and tasks of politics and political theory, in attention to human nature. The special emphasis on the regulatory and clarifying nature of the political, as shown in the article, brings the positions of Kovalev closer to the positions of modern constructivism and phenomenology in the sociology of knowledge, to the positions of institutionalism, which emphasizes the problem of uncertainty of political behavior. Today we see interest in such phenomena in sociocultural studies of human behavior and values that have a significant impact on public administration. However, it is also important to study how these research interests have historically developed, including within the framework of Soviet political science.
“Right to the city”: Political construction of the post-pandemic world order
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Shcherbinin Aleksey I. , Shcherbinina Nina G. ,   Tomsk State University
Published: February 2023

Lefebvre's statement that with the advent of capitalism the state and the city turned into abstractions, and that the rules for the cities are written by those who do not live in them, namely administrative powers and corporations, is legitimate. Informatization, the so-called “information society”, does not solve the socioeconomic problems of the disruption. The informatization of space does not solve the problem, but rather generates “cybernan-thropes” (Lefebvre), creating an illusion of prompt solution of complex management tasks. Without denying the successes of the information revolution, even agreeing conditionally with the concept of the “fourth industrial revolution”, we are forced to support infoskeptics who wrote that information discourse and information strategies in general resemble the manipulations of illusionists. Lefebvre's original triad, described in The Production of Space, encompasses firstly spatial practice, including everyday reality. Secondly, it encompasses the representation of space, as a product of intention of scientists and planners, loaded with meanings and signs dominating in a given society. Thirdly, it encompasses representational space, “lived through its associated images and symbols”, attempting to “appropriate the imagination”. Public spaces, including their projections on social networks, are necessary not only for the generation of conflicts, but also for the possibility of consolidation of spaces, which ensure the sustainability of the city in a rapidly changing world. Lefebvre, in his Right to the City, understood the latter as a creation, which gives a chance to reassemble the city on a new semantic basis, in fact, using political construction. And in this regard, we think the constructivist approach is the most productive one. In the conditions of the coronavirus crisis, the city is disenchanted, it ceases to feel like an abstraction controlled from the outside. It starts to understand that the abstract and anonymous space of administration is limited by cubicles. Having taken the position of political constructivism, we see through which communication mechanisms such right is established, how the goals of factual city owners are proclaimed and masked. For this purpose, we set a framework that will allow us to consider, from the perspective of the urban semiosphere, various episodes and cases described by a number of researchers of the changing “urban world”. Finally, taking as a model the Report on Smart Sustainable Cities, presented by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe in 2020, we conclude that it is difficult to solve global problems without the city as a subject of politics.
Historical portrait of Gavrila Nikiforov, a Yakut merchant of the 1 st guild
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Kushnareva Margarita D.
Published: February 2023

The article explores the economic, social and charitable activities of Gavrila Nikiforov, a Yakut merchant of the 1st guild. The aim of the publication is to recreate Nikiforov's historical portrait. Achieving this aim involves a wide use of archival sources, previously unpublished and not introduced into scholarly discourse. The topic has not been sufficiently studied in modern historiography of Siberia; it has scientific relevance and significance. The study of the key issue of the publication is based on the methodology of modernization and chronological, systemic, biographical methods. The author determined Nikiforov's origin, place of birth and initial sources of capital accumulation. The article states that Nikiforov established several enterprises with the aim of organizing fur trade in the northern districts of Yakutsk Oblast in 1900-1910. In 1906 Nikiforov's stores were opened in Verkhoyansk, Ko-lymsk, Bulun, Abye, and Kyusyur. In 1914 the merchant became a contributor to the Northern Commercial and Industrial Partnership, bought a trading business of fur traders and became the owner of one of the largest companies in North-East Siberia with a turnover of 1 million rubles a year. In 1914-1919, Nikiforov's annual turnover in fur trade exceeded 1 million rubles. In Yakutsk, Nikiforov conducted wholesale and retail trade in fur, groceries and consumer goods from stores. Nikiforov's supplies of furs to European and North American markets in 1914-1917 amounted to 800 thousand rubles a year. Nikiforov's public education activity was expressed in the construction and maintenance of schools for children, a museum, a library, and financial assistance to residents in paying taxes. During the First World War, Nikiforov was engaged in the procurement and dispatch of warm fur products to the front. Nikiforov enjoyed authority among the local population, was repeatedly elected councilor of the Yakutsk City Council, and was a member of charitable organizations. The merchant took part in meetings under Yakut Governor Ivan Kraft and decided on important strategic issues. In 1918-1919, Nikiforov organized the supply of needy population of Yakutsk Oblast with consumer goods and food products for 400 thousand rubles. For his services, he had state awards. He was an honorary “foreigner” of East-Kangalassky ulus of Yakutsk Oblast. The article defines the personal and business qualities of the Yakut merchant. The main conclusion of the article is that the reconstruction of Nikiforov's historical portrait allowed expanding the previously existing ideas about his contribution to the socioeconomic development of Yakutsk Oblast during the period of modernization of the Russian economy.
Japanese assimilation policy in colonial Korea in 1910-1945 on the example of educational reforms
Authors:   National Research Tomsk State University, Nazdryukhina Elizaveta V.
Published: February 2023

The aim of this study is to analyze the transformation of Japan's assimilation policy in occupied Korea in the period from 1910 to 1945 on the example of educational reforms. This topic is considered in studies of numerous researchers, Russian ones include works of D.A. Yakimova, T.F. Tertitsky, V.A. Gaikin, et al. Among foreign authors, the most famous researcher who deals with the issues of the colonial heritage of Korea is Mark E. Caprio. The article deals with the choice of the assimilation policy in the educational sphere, highlights the main directions and stages of its implementation. Japan was faced with a choice between the French and British style of conducting a colonial policy. These two styles differ in their attitude to subordinate territories. The British style of government involves intervention in the management of the colony only at the highest level; the French style involves the “equalization” of the colonies with the mother country. The choice of Japan fell on the French style of management, due to the common cultural heritage. The entire period of the occupation of Korea is conditionally divided into three periods, in accordance with the colonial policy pursued by the Governor-General at the direction of the mother country. Each of the three periods had its own management features, which can be clearly traced in the educational sphere. The first period was quite tough, it practically created the education system. A school system was created in accordance with the Japanese one, which assumed the study of Japanese as the state language, and the system itself was aimed at creating subjects of the emperor. The second period is characterized by its liberality in the ongoing educational reforms. The first university was founded, and the study of the Korean language and Korean culture was allowed. The third period can be called the most radical. During this period, the Japanese government made an attempt to completely replace Korean culture with Japanese, again it was forbidden to study the Korean language, the day of schoolchildren began with the recitation of the oath to the Emperor of Japan, and Korean names were to be replaced with Japanese. As a result, we can distinguish several main points. Firstly, the Japanese government quite successfully chose the option of assimilation colonization, a kind of incorporation of Korean culture into Japanese culture and further carrying out a course to replace it, given their common roots and similar cultural basis, which allowed a safe combination of the two cultures. Secondly, the policy of assimilation could have had more successful results if the colonial government had not sought to completely destroy ethnicity, but to preserve and multiply it through the fusion of Japanese and Korean cultures. Thirdly, the reform of the education system in accordance with modern standards made it possible to increase the level of literacy of the population.
The state regulation of the agrarian economy of Soviet Russia in the context of the social deviations of the new economic policy. The institutional aspect
Authors:   University of Tyumen, Nosova Natalia P.
Published: February 2023

This article studies the organization of managing the agrarian sector of the economy in the early years of the Soviet state, during the search for a new managerial algorithm and the foundation of state institutions, which later became the basis for a powerful state machine. In the framework of looking for a new concept of social management during the transition to a new economic policy, the author proposes defining the change in public administration as the formation of a new institutional design, which is based on political goal-setting (taking into account the interests of the power groups initiating this process) and implemented through a system of norms and institutions. The effectiveness of the changes in the institutional design depends on a number of issues: the development success of the transformations' program; the sequence of implementing actions by the power structures; and the reaction of the social environment (which is the target of the institutional changes), i.e., its support or rejection of introducing new institutions. In connection with the proposed research concept, this article considers the problem of the impact, which the Soviet state had on the peasantry and the agrarian economy, through the analysis of state institutions and the discourse of the state power organization during the whole historical period of the new economic policy. In addition, the author traces the ways and principles of forming the model (paradigm) of management, revealing the problems and paradoxes of implementing the emerging model. The results show that the construction of the state apparatus for agricultural management in the 1920s fully reflected the specifics of the Soviet power as a “party-state” system. The search for new governance structures was primarily in line with the tasks of stabilizing the new government. In the first half of the decade, these reasons led to the weakening of the centralization in agricultural management, which forced its intensification when the course of pluralism in the economy did not deliver the desired results in politics. By the mid-1920s, the agricultural management (along with the development of the new economic policy's principles) saw the predominance of new principles that went beyond the state regulation of production in individual peasant farming and then formed the foundation of its socialist restructuring. Certain changes happened in the system of the agricultural management bodies. Along with the existing ones, a system of new state institutions was created to manage the socialist sector of the agrarian economy.
Social and other guarantees for retired governors
Authors:   National Research University of Higher School of Economics, Bogolyubov Egor A.
Published: February 2023

The article examines the social and other guarantees that are provided to the highest officials of the subjects of the Russian Federation after their resignation. The aim of the article is to describe these guarantees. To reach the aim, regulatory legal acts containing provisions on the conditions for granting and terminating social and other guarantees were analyzed. The empirical basis of the study was the normative legal acts of the predominantly regional level. These acts contain a detailed list of guarantees of the governor in retirement. Material from the mass media was used to illustrate these guarantees. The article discusses the conditions for providing guarantees to governors after their resignation. It is noted that federal regulation of these conditions is scarce, while regional legislation significantly expands and clarifies the conditions for providing social guarantees. Depending on which regulatory legal act establishes the social guarantees of the retired governor, all acts were classified into seven groups. In the first case, social guarantees are fixed in a special law on the highest official of the subject of the Russian Federation. In the second case, they are established in the laws of the subjects of the Russian Federation on public positions. The third group is formed by the laws of the subjects of the Russian Federation on the government or on the system of executive authorities. The fourth group includes laws of the subjects of the Russian Federation dedicated exclusively to the guarantees of the highest official of the subject of the Russian Federation. The remaining three groups include one unique act (the Law on the People's Governor of Kemerovo Oblast, the Law on the State Adviser of the Republic of Tatarstan, the Decree of the Head of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic “On Guarantees to the President of the Kabardi-no-Balkar Republic”). Among the normative legal acts that establish guarantees for retired governors, depending on the time of their adoption, two groups of acts were distinguished: “acts of gratitude to another” and “acts of gratitude to oneself”. The content of each guarantee is analyzed. The study identified the following guarantees to the former governor: lump sum remuneration, payment of the monthly lifetime allowance, provision of medical treatment, spa care, protection, special communications, accommodation, transport, insurance, staff, office space, advisory vote, compensation of the costs of relocation and funeral, legal protection, participation in ceremonial events, guarantees related to the interaction with bodies of state power of the subject of the Russian Federation, creating a position with a special status. It is concluded that further federal regulation of these relations is impractical, since regional state authorities, together with the population of a particular subject of the Russian Federation, must independently regulate these relations.
The system of general and higher education in the Russian Empire: Principles and directions of public policy, regulation, and governing bodies (a historical and legal aspect)
Authors:   National Research Tomsk State University, Khaminov Dmitry V. ,   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics
Published: February 2023

The system of educational institutions of general and higher education, governing bodies, regulation by law of the educational sphere, and, in general, the directions of state educational policy are the most important sphere of any state. From this point of view, this study examines the history of the development of the educational sphere in the Russian Empire and analyzes the main stages and changes that took place in public policy, administration and regulation by law of these processes. Given the wide variety of groups of educational institutions in the country in the 18th - early 20th centuries, this work only considers issues related to the system of general and higher educational institutions, that is, institutions implementing primary public education, male and female secondary education, and universities. In this aspect, the author analyzes the guiding principles of organizing education at the central level - in institutions belonging to the Ministry of Public Education, because it was they who served, first of all, the goals of training a subject of the Russian Empire “in general”, as a basic element of the entire state and the system of public relations. Using the structural-functional and problem-chronological approaches, the author distinguished three periods (with internal stages) based on a general analysis of state policy in approaches to education and, as a consequence, analyzing the corresponding system of educational institutions, governing bodies and normative regulation of the educational sphere. The author concludes that the educational policy directly depended on the ideological views and directions of the domestic policy of the monarchs and the elite of Russia. In the system of organization and management of education, there was a constant struggle between two tendencies: liberal transformations (the beginning of the 19th century, the years of the Great Reforms and the short period of the bourgeois-democratic republic of the Provisional Government) and conservative-protective transformations (tendencies characteristic of a longer period of time throughout the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century) The first tendency was characterized by the all-class nature of education, the elimination of class restrictions, the autonomy of university management, etc. The second trend was characterized by the establishment of class barriers in order to restrict access to education (and therefore, in the future, to public service, to social elevators, etc.) of the lower strata of the country's population, the limitation of the autonomy of universities, the acquisition of a higher level of education by subjects who were considered as a support of the monarchical regime - by landowners, officials, the military, etc.
Features of professional and applied physical training of students of pedagogical specialties
Authors:   Omsk State Pedagogical University, Epp Tatyana I. , Safronova Ekaterina A. ,   Omsk State Pedagogical University
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the article is to determine the features of pedagogical personnel's professional activity that must be taken into account when planning the content of professionally applied physical training of students of pedagogical specialties. Professional applied physical training is one of the forms of students' physical culture. The content of such classes should be planned taking into account the specifics of the educational process and the characteristics of future professional activities. Factors such as the conditions and nature of the labor process, the alternation of the work and rest regimes, the specific features of the change in a person's working capacity during the working day determine the choice of appropriate methods, means and forms of professional applied physical training and ensure its effectiveness. The research was carried out using theoretical methods: the study of scientific and pedagogical literature, analysis and generalization. According to scientific literature, during the training, professional applied physical training forms not only applied knowledge in the studied area, but also professional skills, skills specific to a particular profession in each student. The effectiveness of the formation of a high professional level of a future teacher determines, among other things, the content of professional physical training, in the process of which educational tasks are solved taking into account the requirements of labor activity. As a result of the analysis of scientific literature, the specific features of the professional activity of pedagogical personnel from the point of view of professional applied physical training were determined. The article presents an approach to planning the content of professional applied physical training, taking into account the specific features of the professional activity of teaching staff, in the educational process of Omsk State Pedagogical University. The university's program involves the implementation of professional applied physical training in educational (theoretical and practical) and extracurricular activities (classes in applied sports, independent physical exercises in the daily routine, mass sports and physical culture, and recreation activities). During the training, the young specialist develops not only the necessary level of physical education and psychophysical readiness that contribute to the achievement of high performance and adherence to the principles of a healthy lifestyle, but also professional knowledge and skills specific to pedagogical activity. This approach plays a significant role in students' obtaining of special professional knowledge, skills and abilities in the field of physical culture and sports, and ensures the adaptation of a young specialist to professional activity.
CLIL and ESP at tertiary education: Perspectives of Russia and Lithuania
Authors:   Tomsk Polytechnic University, Sidorenko Tatyana V. , Rosanova Yanah V. ,   Tomsk Polytechnic University, Medvedeva Olga ,   Vilnius University, Eimuliene Vaiva ,   Vilnius University
Published: February 2023

Nowadays, ESP and CLIL are the two main players in the language teaching arena in global tertiary education. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the “strengths” and “weaknesses” of these two approaches and their methodologies. The data have been collected through interviews to trace: (a) factors that cause a university to adopt one language teaching methodology over the other; (b) advantages and disadvantages of each one; (c) level of teachers' professional satisfaction in using CLIL or ESP, and (d) availability of didactic tools and materials.
Pragmatic functions of discourse markers in Internet communication
Authors:   Severstal, Belova Valentina M. , Belov Vadim A. ,   Cherepovets State University
Published: February 2023

This work explores discourse markers (DMs), which assess the reported on the scale of reliability/uncertainty in various subgenres of the social network VKontakte. We analyzed more than 370 statements with DMs in messages and user comments in the official public page of Cherepovets (https://vk.com/cherinfo_ru) and news messages on the personal page of Cherepovets mayor V.E. Germanov (https://vk.com/germanovve). The aim of the work is to highlight the features of DMs' functioning in various subgenres of a social network. The hypothesis of the research is that DMs, as units devoid of denotative meaning, implement various pragmatic functions in Internet communication, e.g., explicate the constitutive features of Internet genres, contribute to a person's self-presentation and written text's discursivization, reduce emotional deficit and switch micro-topics. To identify DMs' functions, a four-stage technique was used: (1) determination and comparison of DMs' frequency in the analyzed subgenres and the Russian National Corpus; (2) based on the frequency, identification of nuclear and peripheral DMs, (3) analysis of DMs' context semantics in comparison with dictionary data. (4) revealing the specifics of DMs' use in different subgenres of the social network. The analysis confirmed the hypothesis. DMs implement pragmatic functions in various subgenres of a social network. The subgenre of the commentary is closest to oral discourse, emotional and subjective. DMs fully explicate these constitutive features of the commentary genre. In the hybrid subgenre of news messages on the personal page of the mayor, which bears the features of a personal blog, DMs are used to make the text dialogic, to interact with the reader, and to have a casual conversational style. In the subgenre of news in the official community of Cherepovets, DMs are used less often, which is due to the journalistic text's striving for objectivity and emotionlessness. However, DMs are used when reporting direct speech and also appear in creolized news, in the section from readers #cherinfo_proposal, and in reposts from other sources. As polyfunctional units, whose main purpose is to build interaction between the addresser and the addressee, DMs are used in contexts in various functions. Firstly, in addition to expressing confidence/uncertainty, they help to eliminate emotional deficit, realizing irony and aggression. Secondly, DMs allow the addresser to control the addressee's attention by including new micro-topics in the reported, focusing on what the communicant sees as important or significant. Finally, DMs also help communicants to add features of a conversational style, emotionality, and dialogization to written speech. We refer to this phenomenon as the discursivization of the text, by which we mean an unconscious or conscious attempt by an author to endow their text with an internal dialogization, to bring the written mode of discourse closer to the oral one.