bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The grammatical status of –eykey and its implications on the syntax of Korean morphological passives
Authors: Park Myung-Kwan
Published: March 2021

This study investigates the grammatical status of the so-called Dative particle –eykey and its implications on the syntax of Korean morphological/lexical passives. We first argue that this type of passive derives from causative/experiential constructions in this language. The former and the latter involve the same form of verb, but in the process of passivization the null passive morphology on the embedded transitive verb phrase selected by the matrix causative/experiential morpheme demotes the Dative –eykey-marked Causee in embedded [Spec, VoiceP] position from an argument to an adjunct, besides the embedded transitive lexical verb losing the ability to assign Accusative Case. The so-called animacy restriction on the Nom-marked subject a noun phrase (NP) in –eykey passives is ascribed to the requirement that it takes the Causer/Experiencer role in –eykey passives. In contrast, –ey uyhay passives are derived from the null passive morphology attached to the matrix causative verb complex, thus the matrix Causer/Experiencer subject being demoted and realized with the particle –ey uyhay.
Health protection messaging for populations susceptible to air pollution during landscape fire smoke events: an integrative review
Authors: Keegan Sheriden Amanda , Rahman Kazi Mizanur
Published: March 2021

Public health communication strategies to protect against the health impacts of air pollution due to landscape fire are becoming increasingly urgent in Australia. How well the public, particularly susceptible populations, are receiving, understanding and acting upon health protection messages related to smoke events is poorly understood. This integrative review sought literature relevant to health protection messaging for smoke events, including appropriate message content and suitable message delivery, with a focus on vulnerable and sensitive populations. Using an exhaustive search strategy of databases and grey literature, 26 relevant articles were identified and thematically analysed to produce a synthesis of findings on key themes. Findings indicated that a variety of traditional and modern communication channels are needed to ensure health messages are received by those most at-risk and should consider locally relevant information. A key theme to emerge in this review was the need for health messaging to susceptible populations to commence in advance of bushfire seasons to facilitate health protective actions being taken. During the acute-phase of smoke events, messages that were short with non-technical advice, were recalled and complied with more often. The need to improve the consistency of message content was a recurrent theme in the literature and suggested a need for greater interagency collaboration and communication. Preliminary evidence from smartphone app studies show promising results for targeted communication, however, more robust research is needed on the efficacy of these communication channels. Further research is also needed on the health impacts of smoke events, related compounding issues and strategies to reduce health risks, to better inform health protection messaging to susceptible populations.
Strategy of Aesthetic Laser Removal of Multiple Seborrheic Keratosis and Effects on Appearance’ Self- Esteem and Well-Being
Authors: Penev Julian , Balabanova Milla , Bakardzhiev Ilko
Published: March 2021

Individual well-being and self-esteem related to appearance of patients with multiple seborrheic keratoses (MSK), as well asan original strategy for complete removal of all lesions with CO2 laser are discussed. Presented are examples from our dermatological practice illustrating negative psycho-social impact of multiple SK on individual well-being. Seborrheic keratosis is considered a widespread dermatosis, as well as a cosmetic issue for its presence creates an overall impression of prematurely aged, and a “shabby” looking skin. Individuals with multiple SK often suffer low self-esteem in terms of their appearance which may improve after the aesthetic CO2 laser complete elimination of MSK lesions.
DEODORIZATION OF GARLIC ODOR BY FRESH AND DRIED HERBS USING SIFT-MS
Authors: ÖZCAN SİNİR Gülşah , BARRINGER Sheryl
Published: March 2021

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has a very strong odor, which lingers on the breath for approximately a day, after consumption. The deodorization mechanism for garlic odor has been associated with the phenolic content and enzymatic activity of the deodorizing food. In this study, the effectiveness of both fresh and dried form of the herbs (mint, oregano, rosemary and thyme) were examined to reduce the garlic volatile content of allyl mercaptan, allyl methyl disulfide, allyl methyl sulfide and diallyl disulfide. The concentration of garlic volatiles was measured in the headspace for 30 min by Selected Ion Flow Tube Mass Spectrometry (SIFT-MS). In general, dried herbs were found to be more effective at deodorizing selected volatiles than fresh herbs. Fresh rosemary had the strongest deodorization effect among the fresh herbs, while dried mint had the strongest effect among the dried herbs. Fresh thyme had the lowest effectiveness on deodorization of garlic volatiles
Missing the outbreak for the germs
Authors: Baur Patrick F.
Published: March 2021

Leafy greens cause a growing proportion of foodborne illness outbreaks despite heavy investment in surveillance technologies designed to control pathogenic hazards in agriculture. To understand how the governing regime maintains authority despite continual lapses in control, I examine a deadly 2018 outbreak of Escherichia coli O157: H7 linked to romaine lettuce. By comparing the outbreak investigation and regulatory response to the questions not asked and actions not taken, I show how the regime’s methods of understanding the outbreak also organized its ignorance of dangers outside its carefully constructed field of vision. Applying agnotology theory, I argue that the industrial organization of leafy greens agriculture and the institutionalized non-knowledge of emergent social–ecological vulnerabilities coproduce one another, allowing the industrial food regime to avoid fundamental reforms that might enhance resilience. This case demonstrates that critical examination of organized non-knowledge in complex environmental governance systems can reveal limits to institutional learning and systemic reflexivity that impede sustainability transitions.
Differentiated impacts of human interventions on nature
Authors: Heinemann Jack A. , Paull Deborah J. , Walker Sophie , Kurenbach Brigitta
Published: March 2021

Biotechnology describes a range of human activities in medicine, agriculture, and environmental management. One biotechnology in particular, gene technology, continues to evolve both in capacity and potential to benefit and harm society. The purpose of this article is to offer a policy bridge from unproductive descriptions of gene technology to useful methods for identifying sources of significant biological and socioeconomic risk in complex food systems. Farmers and the public could be voluntarily and involuntarily interacting with new techniques of genome editing and gene silencing in entirely new ways, limiting the usefulness of previous gene technology histories to predict safety. What we believe is a more consistent, verifiable, and practical approach is to identify the critical control points that emerge where the scale effects of a human activity diverge between risk and safety. These critical control points are where technical experts can collaborate with publics with different expertise to identify and manage the technology. The use of technical terminology describing biochemical-level phenomena discourages publics that are not technical experts from contesting the embedded cultural perspectives and uncertainty in “scientific” concepts and prejudice the risk discourse by ignoring other issues of significance to society. From our perspective as gene technologists, we confront the use of pseudo-scale language in risk discourse and propose an escape path from clashes over whether risks that arise spontaneously (from nature) can be perfectly mimicked by gene technology to a discussion on how to best control the risks created by human activity. Scale is conceptually implicit and explicit in gene technology regulation, but there is no agreement about what scales are most useful to managing risk and social expectations. Both differentiated governance (risk-tiered) and responsible research and innovation models could accommodate the critical control points mechanism that we describe.
Filozoficzne i polityczne milczenie Martina Heideggera
Authors:   Instytut Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa Uniwersytetu Śląskiego w Katowicach, Surzyn Jacek
Published: March 2021

This article discusses the problem of Martin Heidegger's famous involvement in Nazism. This problem has already been widely discussed in the literature, but it is worth re-thinking. The question of Heidegger's involvement and, above all, his post-war silence about Nazi crimes have been discussed basically from the perspective of his anti-Semitic attitude, personal ambitions or even as naive thinking. Perhaps there is worth looking at this problem from the point of view of Heidegger's philosophy and, above all, the role and meaning of language. Heidegger called for reaching the covered base – being itself. The key to this must be to reach the boundaries of language, that is, the transition from the language of everyday life, which is a consequence of an attitude oriented only to naive existence itself (or ontity), to the language of being. This path leads inevitably to the border of language, that is to the "place" where language balances between saying and silence (syge). Heidegger saw it as the proper (true) philosophical attitude, which is a discovery in the "event" of truth of being. The tragedy (meaning in Ancient Greek tradition) takes place here in the man's realization of his helplessness towards the truth of being, and thus of silence, which is a transition from the state of philosophical silence to political silence. The philosopher is probably "doomed" to political engagement (as said Slavoj Žižek), and a consequence of it could be the famous "Syracuse".
Koncepcja niezmienników interpretacyjnych Michała Hellera a zagadnienie wielości sformułowań teorii naukowych
Authors:   Zakład Filozofii Nauki, Instytut Filozofii, Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Luty Damian
Published: March 2021

In this paper I present, analyse, criticise and expand on the concept of interpretational invariants created by Michael Heller. I argue that Heller in fact holds two separate views of interpretational invariants and that in the context of his writings they should be, in fact, hold jointly. I propose a critique of one of those views, that in which one claims that there exist interpretational invariants across different mathematical representations of a theory. This leads me to propose a modified version of interpretational invariants, which are relativised, but not reduced, to mathematical formulations of a certain theory.
Zrewolucjonizowanie sposobu życia jako efekt problematyzacji filozoficznej
Authors:   Instytut Filozofii Uniwersytetu Śląskiego w Katowicach, Wesołowska Agnieszka
Published: March 2021

The aim of the article is establishing the link between philosophical problematization and the way of life of the man. This connection is becoming apparent in particular in Edmund Husserl’s analyses concerning issues of the crisis. Philosophical problematization is a kind of the new attitude and has its beginning in the appearance of the Greek philosophy. Conducting philosophical problematization, the man is gaining the real image of the world, of oneself; what is more, the man is attaining to a higher level of the humanity. The highest level of the humanity means in the light of the Husserlian phenomenology that the man is discovering in himself transcendental „I”.
Konserwatywna obrona nierówności i krytyka politycznych konsekwencji idei braterstwa w myśli politycznej Jamesa Fitzjamesa Stephena
Authors:   Wyższa Szkoła Finansów i Prawa w Bielsku-Białej, Wroński Lucjan
Published: March 2021

In his paper, the author analyses some premises of liberal concept of equality and its philosophical origins. He attempted to show affinities and differences between liberal and conservative approaches to legal equality. He argues that economic inequality is compatible with political and legal liberties within conservative political philosophy. Victorian lawyer James Fitzjames Stephen proved that fraternity is an ambiguous ideal conceived from utilitarian perspective mainly because that it would be political naïvete to expect love from our citizens instead of justice and respect.
Czy zdrada narodowa może być dopuszczalna w imię wartości wyższych?
Authors:   Studium Filozofii i Psychologii Uniwersytet Medyczny w Białymstoku, Breczko Jacek
Published: March 2021

In this article, I try to consider whether national treason can be morally (not legally) permissible. If there are values higher than the nation and homeland (the nation is not an absolute) and there is - in some case - conflict between them, to stand on the side of these higher values seems to be ethically and logically justified. I am considering various cases, taking into account the values from the highest Hegelian triad: art, religions, philosophy. I stress the questions, I do not give definitive answers, because I touch the real "moral dilemmas" connected with fidelity to the homeland and the national community. In the case of real moral dilemmas, there are no simple answers.
Czy praktyka transplantacyjna ex mortuo jest współczesną formą kanibalizmu?
Authors:   Akademii Ignatianum w Krakowie, Picewicz Joanna
Published: March 2021

Transplantation is defined by the opponents of this practice as neo-cannibalism, medical cannibalism or modern cannibalism due to the strictly utilitarian treatment of human corpses. It is claimed that the human body is brought into the role of a resource, raw material for further processing. The capabilities offered by medicine have contributed to changing the system of human values: the perception and understanding of human corporality. After death, the human body should be surrounded by a special piety, but it is treated in a purely utilitarian way in order to retrieve its pieces for a transplant. Some even see in transplantation practice a connection with cannibalism. The purpose and motivation of both practices is the same: a person, to save their life, assimilates a particular element of the human body by means of a medical transplant, whereas a person who is forced to consume the human body also does so to save their life.
Narodziny Witkacego z ducha Witkiewicza
Authors:   Zakład Estetyki i Filozofii Sztuki UG, Tarnowski Józef
Published: March 2021

Stanisław Witkiewicz (1851-1915) himself taught his son Stanisław Ignacy (1885-1939), known later as Witkacy, helped by his wife and friends, among whom there were scientists, artists and professional teachers. The results of such education were amazing. At the age of eight, the boy could paint using different techniques, play the piano and compose music. His father desired for him to become a naturalist painter like himself. At a young age Witkacy became an outstanding artist, not only a painter, but also a writer. However, in opposition to his father’s teaching, when he matured artistically, he rejected naturalism and joined the artistic avant-garde. Just after the first world war he published a long philosophical essay inspired probably by the work of his father’s great intellectual enemy – the Neo-Hegelian Polish philosopher Henryk Struve. Thus, Witkacy shaped himself, both in the respect of art and philosophy, in the opposition to his father, Stanisław Witkiewicz.
Relatywizm wyrażeń „autorytet niepodważalny” i „autorytet podważalny”
Authors:   Społeczna Akademia Nauk w Warszawie, Karaskiewicz Katarzyna
Published: March 2021

I will present my considerations in the context of classic bivalent modal logics, and on the direct basis I made two expressions “authority to challenge" and "authority of indisputable". From the point of view of semantics, they are least understood. The reason is that every external authority, regardless of how it will be called (eg tradition, person, institution, charismatic etc., etc.) a priori is a contestable or irrefutable authority. It results from time relativism, relativism of the place, relativism of language competence and relativism of knowledge. Therefore, I argue that all evaluation should be formulated in problematic sentences about the possibility of bilateral.
Idee antropologiczne i pedagogiczne w twórczości Sokratesa i Arystotelesa
Authors:   Wydział Pedagogiki i Psychologii, Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Harbatski Andrei
Published: March 2021

In the article an idea is conducted that practice of education goes away the roots to the deep layers of human civilization. The author of the article concentrated the attention on the analysis of work of Socrates and Aristotle. It is shown that Socrates first began consciously to use the bottom- up reasoning and give general determinations, work on concepts. On the initial stage of educating Socrates induced students the system of questions to find truth, that in modern pedagogical anthropology is one of main tasks in education. By means of the skilfully put questions Socrates tricked into a student to confession of those positions that are true. The author of the article pays attention to that Socrates used the new for that time methods of educating constantly, for example, conversation, unlike sophists that preferred to the lecture. The feature of conversations of Socrates consisted in that the simplest vital cases came into question at first, but after themes became complicated. Comparisons, metaphors, turns, satire, were thus used, that facilitated perception of sense of conversation to the students. In the article the analysis of anthropological and pedagogical ideas is given in labours of Aristotle. It is shown that Aristotle studying a man, his " nature" and " essence", did not stop thereon, and set by the question of improvement of human family by means of education. Aristotle considered that education must be under control the state, and nobody can doubt in that a legislator must belong with exceptional attention to education of young people, as in the states, where small attention is spared the questions of education, the political system suffers from it.
W poszukiwaniu niepodległości w sztuce: Pawilon polski na wystawie paryskiej 1925
Authors:   Muzeum Historii Polski, Dział Programowy Wystawy Stałej, Nowakowska-Sito Katarzyna
Published: March 2021

After reappearance of Poland on the map of Europe in 1918, the first major manifestation of the new country’s creative potential was at the 1925 International Exhibition of Applied Arts and Modern Industry in Paris. The Polish Pavilion, which had divided the opinion of critics at home, won the Grand Prix. The award of over 170 prizes to the Polish section in different areas and categories – from posters to art schools – gave ample reason to consider the exhibition an unquestionable success. The forms used in the architecture and interior design of the Polish Pavilion inspired various solutions applied in Polish public architecture of the 1920s. On the wave of the “Paris success” designers tried to translate the Polish variety of art deco into a type of national style which some scholars even came to refer to as the “style of regained independence” which manifested itself in architecture, particularly in interior design, bas reliefs, painted decorations textiles and furniture. Its emergence coincided with the introduction of new education methods in art and craft schools. The text discuss the Polish art deco style in context of two basic currents of interwar years: modernity and tradition. The problem of “Polishness” in art relates also to the concepts of interwar culture and visons of its progress or decadence.
Siris and Berkeley’s Late Social Philosophy
Authors:   Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Grzeliński Adam
Published: March 2021

In the present article, I aim at showing a shift in Berkeley’s understanding of society in the late Siris (1744). Although the work is primarily devoted to the curative qualities of tar-water and on the speculative level develops a new neoplatonic metaphysic of light, it should also be seen as a work in which Berkeley’s mature philosophy is expressed as a whole. Together with the fact that since the thirties Berkeley thought was more inclined towards practical, i.e. economic and social, issues, this might be a premise for interpreting the Siris as a work in which a vision of society is presented. The parallelism of nature and society, of macrocosm and microcosm, and the claim that nature is not perfect, but is a dynamic, developing whole, makes it possible to treat society as an imperfect whole developed and perfected by human activity. If such a reading is correct it evidences the fact that in his Siris Berkeley abandoned the religious radicalism typical for his early works.
Buddhist ethics of Pancha Shila: A Solution to the Present Day and Future Problems
Authors:   Delhi University, Riyaz Aamir
Published: March 2021

Most of the religions of the world are based on some fundamental moral principles of good conduct/virtues and prohibits its followers to do anything which is not good for the welfare of the society as a whole. This fundamental moral principal of good conduct, in Buddhism, is known as Pancha Shila (Five Precepts or Five Virtues). Pancha Shila is the basic assumption of moral activities for both households as well as for renunciates. It forms the actual practice of morality. Each time the precepts are upheld, the moral volitions are strengthened, until morality becomes a habitualtrait through the condition of repetition. For the smooth functioning of a society, every Buddhist has to follow the five moral precepts i.e. abstaining from killing, abstaining from stealing, abstaining from sexual misconduct, abstaining from falsehood, abstaining from taking intoxicants. Jainism, Christianity, Hinduism and Islam too accept such ethical codes with little modification. These are called cardinal virtues. Jaina concept of Pancha Mahavrata is very close to Buddhist concept of Pancha Shila. In Jainism these are; Ahimsa (Abstinence from all injury to life), Satyam (Abstinence from falsehood), Asteyam (Abstinence from stealing), Brahmacharyam (abstinence from self indulgence), Aparigraha (Abstinence from all attachment). Mahatma Gandhi too accepted these five cardinal virtues given by Jainism but he added two more in it which are; Fearlessness and Faith in God. The five precepts of Buddhism offers the moral conducts following which everyone can avoid evil deeds and can contribute in making this world a better world for present and future generations. The precept of abstaining from killing leads to the respect for other’s life. The precept of abstaining from stealing leads to the respect for other’s property. The precept of abstaining from sexual misconduct leads to the respect for one’s own dignity and dignity of other’s especially women. The precept of abstaining from falsehood leads to the respect for honesty. The precept of abstaining from taking alcohol leads to innumerable number of good qualities like respect for a clear mind, respect for modesty of other human beings, respect for money, respect for one’s own dignity, respect for other’s life and so on. The five precepts of Buddhism make a person disciplined, which is one of the most important ingredients for the development of overall personality of a person. A developing country cannot become a developed one unless its citizens are disciplined. If we analyze the five precepts given by Buddhism then, we find that the solution for most of world problems lies in it. If everyone follows five precepts then, I think this world will be transformed into a better place, a place where people have respects for other’s life and property, where everybody’s interest will be taken care of, where people will have an altruistic approach towards society. In short, this world can be transformed into a heaven.
Martin Luther King Jr: Non-violence resistance and the problem of terrorism in Africa
Authors:   Seminary Of All Saints, Uhiele-Ekpoma Edo State, Nigeria, Ogbenika Gregory Ebalu
Published: March 2021

Martin Luther King Jr. cannot be said to have addressed the problem of terrorism in general because he proposed his philosophy of non-violence resistance within the context of the oppression, injustice, segregation, violence and discrimination suffered by the African Americans. Nevertheless, his philosophy captured ways by which we can fittingly address the problem of terrorism. Many of the methods of non-violence given by Martin Luther King Jr. are of paramount importance in the face of terrorism. His philosophy is basically important today in Nigeria owing to the fact that our unity as a country is threatened by the recurring activities of terrorism and as such we are at a cross road in the history of our country, where drastic decisions have to be taken to address this perilous trend. The philosophy of non-violent resistance as proposed by Martin Luther King Jr. is a veritable step towards a working solution, as it is not only an outcry against terrorism of any sort, but also an ideology that frowns against any form of action that results in the taking of human life or the carnage that comes with violence. His non-violent resistance theory which he developed after a deep study of Mahatma Gandhi’s theory of non-violence, is a radical approach towards the fight against violence of any sort inflicted on the African Americans of his time, an action borne of a passionate fight against racism. So, to aptly address the problem of terrorism in Nigeria, it is necessary we consult and apply some principles of the philosophy of non-violence resistance as postulated by Martin Luther King Jr.
Problem systemu
Authors:   Instytut Filozofii Uniwersytetu Śląskiego w Katowicach, Noras Andrzej J.
Published: March 2021

Problem with understanding the system is subject to analysis, with particular emphasis on position presented by Franz Kröner. The article is an attempt to show that Kröner's work is in line with started in the beggining of 20th century tradition of critical thinking towards philosophical system.
Paweł z Tarsu w oczach Alaina Badiou i Slavoja Žižka
Authors:   Wydział Historyczno-Socjologiczny UwB, Sieradzan Jacek
Published: March 2021

The present text “Paul of Tarsus in the eyes of Alain Badiou and Slavoj Žižek” presents opinions of two philosophers, Alain Badiou and Slavoj Žižek, concerning founder of Christianity Paul of Tarsus. For Badiou Paul was theologian of universalism, for Žižek apostle of exclusion. But when their views are analyzed carefully, one can see that both skipped fragments of Paul’s letters which deny assumptions of their own theories. Badiou see in Paul spokesman of one and only truth. He does not want to see that such attitude leads to exclusion of those who reject his truth. At the same time Badiou sees in him precursor of modern society which guarantee laws to minorities, though Paul himself excluded it. Paul’s vision excludes voluntary choose and leads to coercion in religion. Žižek who stigmatize Paul’s intolerance, did not mention his tolerance concerning vegetarians (he himself ate meat) and sexual life of clergy (he lived in celibate).
Problem wolności jednostki w kontekście Idei Dobra w filozofii politycznej Platona
Authors:   Akademia Ignatianum w Krakowie, Filipczuk Michał
Published: March 2021

This article is a short presentation of the problem of individual liberty – as we understand it today – in the context of the problematic of Goodness in Plato’s philosophy of politics as presented in his two main political dialogues: the Republic and the Laws. The crucial distinction is for me dichotomy: negative vs. positive liberty as defined by Isaiah Berlin following Benjamin Constant. In this article I also consider to what extent justifiable is liberal critique of Plato as a totalitarian. At the end of the text I suggest that the best interpretation of Plato’s vision would be its treatment not so much as a strictly political one but rather as a program of education of the soul based on specific understanding of politics derived from Plato’s anthropology.
Podmiotowość państwa we współczesnym świecie. Globalizacja a sterowność
Authors:   Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Studiów Międzynarodowych, Uniwersytet Warszawski, Rutkowski Piotr
Published: March 2021

Paper examines place and role of states in the modern world. Firstly the concept of globalization will be shortly analyzed. It is a notion that, especially in the social sciences, has a lot of meanings, because it has many aspects and levels. Author will try to localize the main issues that makes globalization a complex notion. Secondly, problem of paradigm crisis in political science will be presented. Classic meanings of politics and power has been outdated, because of new phenomenons that are consequences of globalization. That means that we should try to look for notions and methods that will help us to understand surrounding world and socio-political sphere, especially when it comes to state, power, politics and international relations. Then the concept of “the art of rule” invented by Jadwiga Staniszkis will be presented. Author will emphasize that this theoretical concept will be helpful in analyzing subjectivity of states in the age of globalization. Then author, basing on this concept, will try to examine the subjectivity of state in modern world. An attempt will be also made to show what is network power and its consequences, point out the subjects that will replace state that is losing its position and think about the future of the states.
Dialectics of the Genius
Authors:   University of Lodz, Popek Katarzyna
Published: March 2021

A man tirelessly looks for answers to numerous questions about deep ontological problems concerning the meaning of life, fundamental reasons or the last things. The aim of the article is to build a theoretical base, on the basis of which one will have opportunity to ask yet further questions, which are relevant in relation to human existence especially for philosophers. The genius requires a huge commitment to get to it. It also involves an internal declaration of continuous self-improvement. Contrary to the philosophers of the era of modernism, I believe that to a greater or lesser extent, every person can potentially be genuine and great. After all in the mechanism and in the specific rhythm of tape improvement of the product as well as in the fiery ideas contemplated by the people of philosophy and art we can find passion for life and creativity People as such do not live in strictly defined internal boundaries and therefore they can constantly develop. If a wider group of philosophers can be interested in the concept of philosophy which is open to current human problems, interested primarily in other people (also in the sense of their huge diversity), then the goal of this essay will eventually be achieved. From the perspective of the possibility of a sense of job satisfaction it does not matter whether someone cooks well or paints beautifully. Everybody can equally develop in the essential sense of self-improvement. The scientific aspirations of the approach to this philosophical problem are fortunately unable to hide the values of human work in general, and especially the work done on oneself, overcoming one's own prejudices and going beyond the previously established conventions. It is only the acquisition of the ability to play freely with what is given to an existence that gives a man the chance to free himself from the shackles of restrictions existing on many levels of culture, religion or art.
(Im)Perfect memories in Jacqueline Woodson’s Another Brooklyn
Authors:   Faculty of Philology, University of Białystok, Łapińska Magdalena
Published: March 2021

The article entitled “(Im)Perfect Memories in Jacqueline Woodson’s Another Brooklyn” explores the fallibility of memory as presented in Another Brooklyn, a novel by an African American author Jacqueline Woodson. The text presents the idea that personal memories change due to the passage of time along with the new experiences of an individual, and relates it to the studied novel. Special attention is given to different dimensions of grief and loss presented in the analyzed story. The mourning after the loss of loved ones is explored through the use of concepts such as Elizabeth Kübler-Ross’ five stages of grief, the selective amnesia and the idea of continuing bonds. The process of growing up is also briefly considered as a mourning process over losing the innocence and safety provided by childhood. Further, the article presents the hardships of growing up without a mother in an unsafe neighbourhood, the loss of vital friendships and the search of a better life - all introduced through the recollections which occurred after a significant passage of time and the accumulation of experiences which lend themselves to the change of the mindset of the main character.
St Augustine’s interpretation of 1 Cor 7:1–6: An expository study
Authors: Ukaga Jude Chiedo , Inagbor Valentine A. ,   Department of Religions, Faculty of Arts, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
Published: March 2021

The various aspects of Christian Liberty and of the life of the Christian in the world are linked in a singular way in Paul’s pronouncements on marriage, as is found in 1 Cor 7:1–7 ff. Our choice of St. Augustine in the numerous contemporary scholarly attempted hermeneutics of 1 Cor 7:1–7 is that he adopts and elaborated an already existing tradition on sex and marriage. Moreover, this text in the New Testament is the only one that speaks explicitly of the significance of conjugal intercourse. The interpretation of this text or passage has to an extent determined the development of the church’s tradition. Thus, the importance of the passage has to be considered. In Cor 7:1, Paul starts answering the questions the Corinthians put to him. Verse 1 reads: “Now concerning the matters about which you wrote”. The first of these questions concerns marriage. According to the superscription of this work, Augustine’s interpretation of 1 Cor 7:1–7 has implications for Christians in the contemporary world. In as much as it raises numerous problems to our contemporary understanding of marriage and sexuality, the problem of sexuality characterized our society today.
Rewiry metafory. Między ozdobą dyskursu a zwierciadłem duszy
Authors: Popek Katarzyna
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the text is to make some reconnaissance in the area of title "districts of metaphor" (or hunting grounds of metaphor) as well as reference to the unsolvable problems which are implied by a metaphorical mystery of metaphysical expressions. Thy are the order of the day in the main currents of philosophy. Starting from the rhetorical tradition of metaphor (the Aristotelian attempts of definition of metaphor as such) and of terms additional related with it (Max Black), I gradually illustrate what involves its post-rhetorical tradition. I show that philosophical symbolism derives from Aristotle’s hermeneutics, which becomes a gateway for understanding the mystery of metaphor. Like browsing in themselves mirrors, it grows also from simple phrases in complex sentences. In semantic sense, while the symbol has many meanings, the metaphor has a double meaning. It is not however limited by this matter, because in some sense, it has broader content than a symbol, as it introduces into language meanings that in the symbol are only internal (Paul Ricoeur). We also encounter reflective metaphors in our everyday speech and in the attempts of associative penetration into other people's expression. Conceptual decoding of metaphors is common for users of language (George Lakoff, Mark Johnson). On the other hand, there are specific districts of metaphorical expressions, which are reserved for poetic metaphors (Donald Davidson). Noteworthy are also the very unobvious contexts of metaphor in which the authors do not talk about this linguistic phenomenon directly (eg. Gottlob Frege, Ernst Cassirer). Declarative answer to the question whether the metaphor is a simply ornament of discourse or rather a mirror of the soul, is not possible too. Perhaps the metaphor as such includes the both variants. One must consider that being an ornament of speech or writing does not rule out it is also something more than just decoration. It wonders, bothers, disquiet, returning us into our souls. It is also like the unifying soul of all people – in cognitive sense.
Być autentycznym – co to znaczy?
Authors: Skorupka Alfred
Published: March 2021

The article presents shortly views of American thinkers about authenticity according to The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy from Internet. Later, the author presents own theory on this topic. At last, in the conlusions of the work there are the most important statements of the article.
Bentuk Komposisi Musik Tradisional Balo-Balo Grup Kampung Tirang Di Kecamatan Tegal Barat Kota Tegal
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Nur , Aesijah Siti Aesijah , Rachman Abdul
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the composition of the traditional music Balo-balo group of Kampung Tirang in Tegal City. The research approach used by the author is descriptive qualitative. The research location is in Murareja Village, West Tegal District, Tegal City. Data collection techniques in this case use observation, interview and documentation techniques. The source of the data that is the focus of the author is the chairman and personnel of the Tirang Village group, who are then analyzed using analysis techniques according to the basic framework that has been prepared.

The results of the study indicate that the traditional Balo-balo music of the Kampung Tirang group is an art that uses a pitchbled membranophone musical instrument, namely kencer or tambourine, main drum, kempling, kempyang and gong tambourine. In the lyrics, the group uses the original Tegal language or deles dialect, for example in the song entitled "Balo-balo Pitutur". The song is a three part song. Whereas in the main elements of the music, the Kampung Tirang group emphasizes the rhythmic patterns of the game which are very visible but still form harmony. In the main melody, the song Balo-balo Pitutur uses the Tegalan style with elements of pentatonic scales. The songs of the Kampung Tirang group are packaged with a humorous or joking concept, so that the expression in the music is very active, energetic but still structured, even though the song structure does not use a symmetrical scheme in general, but uses a three-part symmetric theory.
Komposisi Musik Ilustrasi Pada Kelompok Teater Kembang SMA N 1 BREBES
Authors: Prabowo Anik , Utomo Udi , Sinaga Syahrul Syah
Published: March 2021

Theater is a performing art which in its performance brings a story that is delivered through acting on the stage. Theater performance is inseparable from music as supporting atmosphere. Based on that, this research aims to know the types of illustration music composition in “Kembang” Theater group from SMA N 1 Brebes. This study used qualitative method. To obtain the accurate data, this study used observation, interview, and documentation. This research consists of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The result shows that “Kembang” Theater always makes music composition that is suitable with the theme of the script on their performances. Illustrated music is always played live on stage with consideration of getting maximum results in every scene played. There are various types of illustration music composition in “Kembang” Theater group. They are opening music, happy music, wistful music, tense music, horror music, romantic music, comical music, sampakan music/convey music, transition music, and closing music. The types of script are divided into two types. There are tragedy script and comedy script. Not all types of Illustration music composition exists in all types of script. For example, sampakan music and comical music that only exist in comedy script.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Musik Vokal Berbasis Folk Song “Seu Azi” Untuk Mendukung Proses Internalisasi Nilai-nilai Luhur Budaya Pada Mahasiswa/I STKIP Citra Bakti, Ngada, Flores, NTT
Authors: Dopo Florentianus -
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this research is to develop a vocal music teaching material product based on the folk song (folk song) seu azi which is a folk song in the Ngada culture. This development research (R & D) follows the ADDIE research and development procedure which consists of 5 stages of teaching material development, namely 1) analyze, 2) design, 3) development, 4) implementation, and 5) evaluation. The results of this study were 1) the material expert trial obtained a score in good category (4.17), 2) lecturers who taught Vocals were also in the good category (3.88), and 3) students were in the very good category. (4.27), so that the average score is 4.10 (Good).

Based on the results of these trials, teaching material developed is suitable for use by students of the Music Education Study Program, STKIP Citra devotion for Vocal Music Courses.
Nilai Karakter Pada Lirik Lagu-Lagu Kids United
Authors: Purwani Neli , Sari Nindya Novita
Published: March 2021

Learning French in class always pays attention to 2 aspects namely cognitive and moral. Moral aspects also have a role in the development of students, so that they have good morals and personalities such as learning to adapt in the school environment to foster a sense of tolerance in order to be able to control their own emotions while also having high knowledge.

The purpose of this research is to describe the character value contained on the songs of Kids United and linguistics elements expressing the character value. This type of research is a descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Whereas the data collection methods used in this research are the listening method and the note technique. Then the results of data analysis in this research indicate that Kids United’s three songs contain 3 dominant character values ​​from eight national character values ​​according to IHF, such as (1) loving, caring and cooperate; (2) confident, creative, hard work and never give up; (3) responsibility, discipline and independent.
MACROECONOMETRIC STABILIZATION AND IMF POLICIES: A SURVEILLANCE OF INFLATION
Authors: WARBURTON Christopher E.S.
Published: March 2021

This paper uses time series data from 1960 to 2012 to evaluate the long-run relationshipbetween aggregate money supply and changes in the general price level (inflation) for aselected group of countries with historically stable prices and episodes of very high inflation.Recent paradigmatic shifts from exchange-rate-based stabilization policies toconditionalities involving price stability have greatly influenced the empirical work of thispaper. Empirical results indicate that the money supply and inflation are cointegrated insome countries with high spells of inflation, such as Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico, but thatthe variables may not be cointegrated with each other for countries with prices that aregenerally and historically stable, such as the UK and the US. The paper highlights the need forgood quality governance, employment, and productivity in surveillance measures that aredesigned to obtain external balance.
ASSESSMENT OF INTERNET AND VIRTUAL SPACE CAPABILITIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM AND TOURISM ATTRACTION IN THE CITY OF RASHT IN GUILAN PROVINCE, IRAN
Authors: ZALI NADER , KAMAL MOZHGAN KHADEMI , AZADEH SEYED REZA
Published: March 2021

The role and impact of ICT and tourism industry isn't secret to any one. By taking advantage of the Internet and the advent of electrical tourism, ICT is one of the essential elements of tourism industry and it has increased the efficiency of it. Estimates indicate that global industry of tourism has increased approximately 6.5 billion dollar in this current year (2013). With the growing trend of world tourism in 2013, World Travel and Tourism Council Report on projected earnings about 6 billion and $500 million from tourism industry. According to the World Tourism in this current year tourism industry, provides 260 million new jobs around the world. This trend also continued in 2012 with the Asian countries which are top countries with the highest growth in the tourism industry. The global tourism industry in 2012 was host to one billion and 35 million visitors this year the figure is expected to grow dramatically1. In this regard, the present study explores the role of information technology in all aspects of the tourism city of Rasht. For the study of field studies and questionnaire techniques are used. Hence according to the statistical community which are tourists of Rasht and according to the sample size, Which 200 were randomly selected to produce and distribute 200 questionnaires to both tourists and the tourism department personnel that among those who filled out 123 questionnaires, 101 were tourists and 22 were tourism department manager and staff. The results of this study show that due to poor infrastructure in terms of offering this technology, the contribution of tourism activities in the field of information technology, the contribution of tourism activities in the field of information technology of Rasht, is not justified. For example, the results of this questionnaire suggest that the amount of tourist' use of this technology in learning information and booking residential units are minimal. So that 8.9% of the research subjects had very little skill, 33.7% had lack of skill, 38.6% were average and 17.8% were skillful in using computer. Among were the managers of tourism, 45.5% of the research subjects had very little skill, 27.3% were average, 18.2% were skillful and 9.1% were very skillful in using computer.
Maniava Skete as a Citadel of the Christian Faith and Selflessness
Authors: Lytvyn Mykola , Tsependa Ihor
Published: March 2021

Review of the monograph “The Great Skete in the Carpathians. In three volumes.” / Ed. by M. V. Kuhutiak. Volume 1. Ivano-Frankivsk: Manuskrypt-Lviv, 2013. 728 p. Volume 2. Ivano-Frankivsk: Manuskrypt-Lviv, 2015. 514 p. Volume 3. Ivano-Frankivsk, 2017. 576 p.
A Discourse Analysis of Destructive Sociomental and Ethnocultural Constants in Taras Shevchenko’s Works (Based on “Kobzar”)
Authors: Melnyk Yaroslav
Published: March 2021

The article explores the constants in Taras Shevchenko’s poetry with a critical perspective on their functions in shaping a model of the world. The author attempts to give a systemic description of the constants and examines the poet’s interpretation of their characteristic features. In Taras Shevchenko’s poetic worldview, they gain systemic importance and are regarded as major obstacles to fostering national freedom, independence, and self-sufficiency. The approach allows for a somewhat different perspective not only on Taras Shevchenko’s oeuvre but also on Ukraine’s history and culture, as well as for new insights into the socio-cultural and political events of the last few decades. To date, linguists, literary critics, culturologists and other specialists have either regarded the categories under study as details of secondary importance or overlooked them altogether. This research project breaks some new ground in decoding Taras Shevchenko’s poetry