bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of a tilted thin accretion disk around a Kerr-Taub-NUT black hole
Authors: Sen Gargi , Chakraborty Chandrachur , Bhattacharyya Sudip , Maity Debaprasad , Chakrabarti Sayan , Das Santabrata
Published: December 2024

The accreting collapsed object GRO J1655-40 could contain the gravitomagnetic
monopole (GMM), and it was shown to be better described by the Kerr-Taub-NUT (KTN) spacetime
instead of the Kerr spacetime. The warped accretion disk has also been observed for the same
collapsed object. Motivated by these, we study a tilted thin inner accretion disk around a KTN
black hole. Such a tilting could have a significant effect on the X-ray spectral and timing
features via the Lense-Thirring effect. Taking into account the contribution from the inner
accretion disk for the KTN black hole, here we calculate the radial profile of a tilt
angle. Depending on the numerical values of the viscosity of the accreting material and Kerr
parameter, GMM tends the angular momentum of the disk to align along the black hole's spin axis,
or to make it more tilted. Our solution for the radial profile of the tilted disk around a KTN
black hole could be useful to probe the strong gravity regime, and could also give indirect
evidence for the existence of GMM in nature.
Length-preserving biconnection gravity and its cosmological implications
Authors: Csillag Lehel , Hama Rattanasak , Józsa Máté , Harko Tiberiu , Sabău Sorin V.
Published: December 2024

We consider a length preserving biconnection gravitational theory, inspired by information geometry, which extends general relativity, by using the mutual curvature as the fundamental object describing gravity. The two connections used to build up the theory are the Schrödinger connection, and its dual. In our geometric approach it can be seen that the dual of a non-metric Schrödinger connection possesses torsion, even if the Schrödinger connection itself does not, and consequently the pair (M,g,∇*) is a quasi-statistical manifold. The field equations are postulated to have the form of the standard Einstein equations, but with the Ricci tensor- and scalar replaced with the mutual curvature tensor, and the mutual curvature scalar, resulting in additional torsion-dependent terms. The covariant divergence of the matter energy-momentum does not vanish in this theory. We derive the equation of motion for massive particles, which shows the presence of an extra force, depending on the torsion vector. The Newtonian limit of the equations of motion is also considered. We explore the cosmological implications by deriving the generalized Friedmann equations for the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW geometry). They contain additional terms that can be interpreted as describing an effective, geometric type dark energy. We examine two cosmological models: one with conserved matter, and one where dark energy and pressure are related by a linear equation of state. The predictions of both models are compared with a set of observational values of the Hubble function, and with the standard ΛCDM model. Length-preserving biconnection gravity models fit well the observational data, and also align with ΛCDM at low redshifts (z < 3). The obtained results suggest that a modified biconnection geometry could explain the late-time acceleration through an effective geometric dark energy, as well as the formation of the supermassive black holes, as they predict a different age of our Universe as compared to standard cosmology.
Reheating and leptogenesis after vector inflation
Authors: Cléry Simon , Anastasopoulos Pascal , Mambrini Yann
Published: December 2024

We study the reheating and non-thermal leptogenesis in the case of a vector inflaton. We
concentrate on particle production during the phase of oscillating background, especially
gravitational production induced by the presence of non-minimal coupling imposed by an isotropic
and homogeneous Universe. Including processes involving the exchange of graviton, we then extend
our study to decay into fermions via direct or anomalous couplings. The necessity of non-minimal
gravitational coupling and the gauge nature of couplings to fermions implies a much richer
phenomenology than for a scalar inflaton.
Recognition of fractional vortex optical modes with a lightweight convolutional neural network
Authors: Xu Fei , Sheng Tianze , Liu Lifeng , Li Xiaolin , Qi Yihong , Qian Jun , Niu Yueping , Gong Shangqing
Published: December 2024

Structured light with orbital angular momentum (OAM) provides a theoretically infinite expansion dimension of optical signals, playing a crucial role in optical communications, imaging and information processing, etc. Its applications in these fields require accurate measurement and recognition of the OAM light of fine fractional topological charges. In this work, we develop a fractional OAM light recognition method based on deep learning, achieving accurate recognition of the fine fractional OAM light of a few-shot under low light intensity. We employ a lightweight convolution neural network MobileNetV2 to identify the fractional OAM pictures, which requires few computing resources and can be realized on mobile phones. The performance of our method has been validated by multiple rounds of testing, demonstrating high metrics including accuracy, precision, recall rate, and F1-score. Our work suggests a potential pathway for identifying the OAM light with simple devices and few resources, such as mobile phones and other edge computing devices.
Forces from coarse-graining non-equilibrium degrees of freedom: exact results
Authors: Santra Ion , Krüger Matthias
Published: December 2024

We explore the relaxation dynamics of a tracer in a harmonic trap coupled to a non-equilibrium bath particle in a stationary state, finding qualitative differences from the well-known equilibrium case. This can be attributed to an additional position- and time-dependent force acting on the tracer, emerging when averaging the bath degree in the non-equilibrium stationary state conditioned to a certain tracer position. Specifically, we provide analytical results for an overdamped tracer coupled linearly to a bath particle in different non-equilibrium scenarios; namely, subjected to a different temperature than the tracer or to active noise with Gaussian or non-Gaussian fluctuations. For the case of varying temperatures, the conditioned tracer–bath force can be as large in magnitude as the force from the trapping potential. For an active bath particle with memory, even the bath noise takes a finite average under conditioning of the tracer. Furthermore, if the noise of the bath particle is non-Gaussian, the relaxation function of the tracer can be non-monotonic as a function of time. We also compute the pinned relaxation, proposing that measurement and comparison of conditioned and pinned relaxation allows determination of the non-equilibrium forces in experiments.
Design of a Virtual Laboratory for Electrophoretic Separation Analysis
Authors: Situmorang Manihar , Munthe Lanita Bernadetta , Simanjuntak Hendra , Purba Jamalum , Sinaga Marudut , Sitorus Marham , Sudrajat Ajat
Published: December 2024

An experiment in Analytical Separation Chemistry is expensive because it uses expensive instrumentation, chemicals and involved skilled laboratory resources. The problem faced was that there was an experiment in a separation analysis that was not carried out due to limitation of laboratory resources. The virtual laboratory design is a good strategy for teaching the principles of separation analysis to overcome the problem in the laboratory facilities. This research aims to design a virtual laboratory to simulate electrophoretic separation analysis in Analytical Chemistry. The research was carried out by developing a virtual electrophoresis design which has the same working principle as real laboratory equipment. The research results show that virtual laboratory electrophoresis has been successfully developed and standardized. The virtual laboratory consists of learning resources containing the concept of electrophoretic separation, visualization of instrumentation work, the protocol of separation process, virtual display of electrophoretic separation results and problem solving on electrophoretic topic. A virtual laboratory product is suitable as learning media in providing knowledge of electrophoresis separation for users before carrying out actual experiments. This virtual design is a model for other virtual chemical separation laboratories, as a learning tool for users such as students, laboratory assistants and practitioners.
Study on Mangrove Land Coverage during 2013 and 2023 in Langkat Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Harefa Meilinda Suriani , Damanik Muhammad Ridha Syafii , Taufik Rahmadi M , Putra Mulhady , Hidayat Syukri , Irfansyah Dwi
Published: December 2024

The coastal area is a complex and interconnected network of various ecosystems, with mangrove ecosystems being highly productive in carbon absorption. Mangroves play a crucial role in capturing and storing atmospheric carbon dioxide, making them an essential component in climate change mitigation. This study aims to analyze the changes in mangrove land cover in Langkat Regency from 2013 to 2023. The research was conducted in the villages of Pulau Kampai, Pangkalan Siata, Halaban, and Salahaji in Langkat Regency. Data on mangrove cover changes for the years 2013, 2018, and 2023 were obtained using Landsat 8 OLI imagery. The method used in this study was the Supervised Maximum Likelihood Classification method with a composite of bands 8, 11, and 4. The results of the study showed that the area of mangrove forests was 3,696.97 hectares in 2013, 3,259.40 hectares in 2018, and 3,755.59 hectares in 2023. There was a decrease of 437.58 hectares between 2013 and 2018. Conversely, between 2018 and 2023, there was an increase of 496.19 hectares. Overall, mangrove land cover in Langkat Regency showed an increasing trend from 2013 to 2023, with the largest increase in Pulau Pulau Kampai village at 259.79 hectares, and the largest decrease in Pangkalan Siata village at 299.57 hectares.
Characteristic of Downstream Water Thrust in Pico-scale Hydropower Based on Screw Turbine
Authors: Eswanto  , Siman  , Pasaribu Muhammad Nuh Hudawi , Hamidi M.A
Published: December 2024

The aim of this research is to determine the characteristics of water flow that occurs on the downstream side.The abundance of water is an advantage that can be utilized by mankind and especially for living creatures to continue life. An energy source that is still abundant and can be profitable in helping human work is water which can be used in generators to produce electricity. Hydropower is a type of generator that is environmentally friendly and easy to manufacture, provided there is a continuous flowing water source. This research focuses on picohydro scale plants, where this hydropower model can produce electricity even if the water flow is small. The research method is by direct experimentation from a prototype device on pico-hydro hydropower. In the initial stage, all measuring instruments are installed as planned and after that they are calibrated before trials are carried out in data collection. The next stage continues with the testing and measurement process to obtain the desired data. The test model used uses a screw turbine with a total of 5 windings. The results of the research show that the water pressure that reaches the downstream part does not all go straight out and leave the turbine housing, this condition is because the water partially accumulates in the body of the turbine housing where it collides with each other on the right and left sides. turbine house. The characteristics of water thrust are influenced by a number of moments, water thrust force, water pressure and water speed, each of which depends on the flow of water entered into the turbine housing to push the screw turbine blades.
PIN-photodiodes array for beam diagnostics in accelerators
Authors: Arutunian S. , Margaryan A. , Mirzoyan G. , Lazarev L. , Chung M. , Vardanyan A. , Khachatryan V. , Davtyan A.
Published: December 2024

Due to the specific features of their structure, PIN-photodiodes are responsive to charged particles and neutrons in addition to being sensitive to visible radiation, and can be used as detectors of neutron, proton and electron beams. In this work, a device consisting of 64 PIN-photodiodes with photodiodes spacing of 10 mm is presented. Preliminary inter-calibration of the photodiodes was performed using light irradiation at different intensities. The first experiments were performed on the electron beam of the AREAL accelerator at the beam exit from the vacuum chamber at different distances from the exit window. The obtained data were compared with the results of measurements by a reference dosimeter. The possibilities of using the proton beam facilities of the Cyclotron 18 accelerator were discussed.
Modelling and measurement of structural changes in vibrating wire using high stresses and electrical pulse embrittlement procedure
Authors: Arutunian S. , Harutyunyan G. , Margaryan A. , Manukyan N. , Mirzoyan G. , Lazarev L. , Chung M.
Published: December 2024

The work aims to develop a monitor that tracks structural changes in materials as they occur. Long-term on-line measurement of such changes is useful in the nuclear power engineering, where reactor vessel materials are subjected to intense neutron irradiation and embrittle with prolonged irradiation. This paper describes studies where a tension of the order of tensile strength is applied to a wire-shaped specimen so that the wire material undergoes plastic deformation. A short current pulse is then applied through the wire, which causes embrittlement of the wire. Both processes are measured by means of changes in the natural frequency of a pre-tensioned wire, which serves as a test sample. Experimental results are presented for different ratios of wire pre-tension and short pulse energy, as well as for their cyclic repetition.
Experimental setup for precise measurement of thin film thickness
Authors: Kishin I.A. , Kidanova E.Yu.
Published: December 2024

The paper describes an experimental setup designed to measure the thickness of metal and organic foils with an accuracy close to 3 µm. The working principle of the setup is based on the interaction between X-ray radiation and matter, specifically the reduction in X-ray intensity as it passes through a material layer. The setup allows for the control of the energy of the incident X-ray radiation within the range of 5 to 30 keV. Additionally, it can detect inhomogeneities in the foil by analysing the recorded spectrum of the X-ray radiation that has passed through the foil. For organic foils such as carbon fiber or mylar, the setup operates in the soft X-ray range up to 10 keV, utilising energy dispersive analysis of the X-ray signal that is transmitted through and scattered by the object under study.
Glycinium tribromidoplumbate(II)
Authors: Tonoyan G.S. , Giester G. , Ghazaryan V.V. , Badalyan A.H. , Chilingaryan R.Yu. , Margaryan A.A. , Mkrtchyan A.H. , Petrosyan A.M.
Published: December 2024

In this paper the crystal structure of glycinium tribromidoplumbate(II) (GlyH)PbBr3 (I), where GlyH is a glycinium cation (NH3CH2COOH), is reported in the orthorhombic space group P212121. The tribromidoplumbate anion (PbBr3)− is located in a general position and forms a polymeric 1D-structure. Photoluminescence at ambient conditions using 405 nm laser excitation is observed in the crystal.
Hexahalogenobismuthates of Glycine
Authors: Ghazaryan Vahram V. , Giester Gerald , Zatikyan Ashkhen L. , Tonoyan Gayane S. , Petrosyan Aram M.
Published: December 2024

Five new glycine salts containing zero-dimensional BiX6
3− hexahalogeno-bismuthate anions were prepared: (GlyH)3(BiCl6)·2H2O (I) (space group Pna21, Z=4), (GlyH)3(BiBr6)·2H2O (II) (s.g. Cc, Z=4), (GlyH)3(BiBr6)·3H2O (III) (s.g. P21/n, Z=4), (GlyH)4(BiBr6)(Br)·H2O (IV) (s.g. P

1

¯

, Z=2) and (GlyH)3(BiI6)·2H2O (V) (s.g. P21/n, Z=4). The (Gly+···Gly+) type centrosymmetric dimeric cation of glycine was observed for the first time in the structures (IV) and (V). Infrared spectra were registered and discussed. The bandgap values were calculated and measured.
Interband and intraband optical transitions in asymmetric ellipsoidal quantum dot
Authors: Nahapetyan A A , Mkrtchyan M A , Sarkisyan H A
Published: December 2024

The theoretical investigation of interband and intraband transitions in asymmetric ellipsoidal InAs quantum dot have been considered. The interband absorption coefficient dependencies from quantum dot geometrical parameters have been calculated. Linear and nonlinear absorption spectra behaviors have been observed for different geometrical sizes. Also, the second and third harmonic generation coefficients have been studied.
X-ray Diffraction by Surface Acoustic Waves at the Laboratory X-ray Source
Authors: Roshchupkin D. , Irzhak D. , Pundikov K.
Published: December 2024

X-ray diffraction by surface acoustic waves is investigated by the method of triple-crystal X-ray diffractometer on the laboratory source of X-ray radiation. This approach allows to determine the amplitudes of the surface acoustic waves (SAW) and to study the features of the diffraction process for different materials, to study the characteristics of fabrication of the structures of the interdigital transducers (IDT) for SAW excitation. The influence of the metallization coefficient of the IDT on the SAW excitation process is considered.
Response of some varieties of corn (Zea mays L.) toward applying granular bio-fertilizer on dry land
Authors: Ikhwan Ali , Ishartati Erny , Pamungkas Ferdian Enggar , Raidiansyah Muhammad Rafi
Published: December 2024

Increasing the yield of corn production on dry land can be done by applying granular biological fertilizers. Rhizobacterial biological fertilizer (Biofertilizer) is a fertilizer that contains microorganisms whose presence can be either singly or in the form of a combination of several types, called a consortium. This research aims to obtain a combination of treatments between varieties and doses of granular biofertilizer. The research was designed using a split plot design with HSD 5%. The main plot uses 4 varieties: Bisi 99, Bisi 18, Pertiwi 6, and Pertiwi 3, while the subplots use 3 doses of granular biofertilizer: 50/100/150 g per plant. The research results show a real effect on growth and yield parameters, including plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, cob location, cob weight, cob length, cob weight without Cornhusk, cob length without Cornhusk, cob diameter, dry weight, 100-grain weight and several corn varieties. In the combination treatment of the Bisi 99 variety with 50g granule fertilizer treatment per plant, the best results reached 242.27g per cob (15.98 tons/ha).
Enhancing Shallot Growth and Yield in Ultisols through Coffee Husk Compost and Nitrogen Dosage Variations
Authors: Setyowati N , Anissa  , Fahrurrozi  , Muktamar Z
Published: December 2024

Fertilization is crucial for the growth and productivity of shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.). Both synthetic and organic fertilizers supply necessary nutrients for crop production. Coffee husk waste can be used to produce compost that provides both macro and micronutrients. This research aims to determine the optimal combination of synthetic fertilizer and coffee husk compost for shallot growth and yield. The study was conducted in Talang Kering, Kandang Limun Village, Muara Bangkahulu District, Bengkulu City, Indonesia. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with six treatments was used: no coffee husk compost + 92 kg N/ha; 5 tons/ha coffee husk compost + 73.6 kg N/ha; 10 tons/ha coffee husk compost + 55.2 kg N/ha; 15 tons/ha coffee husk compost + 36.8 kg N/ha; 20 tons/ha coffee husk compost + 18.4 kg N/ha; and 25 tons/ha coffee husk compost without N. Data were analyzed using the F test at a 5% significance level, with further analysis using LSD at 5%. The study found no significant differences among treatments in plant height and number of shallot leaves. Shallots fertilized solely with synthetic fertilizer without compost had lower shoot and bulb dry weights than those with coffee husk compost. Various combinations of coffee husk compost and N fertilizer produced similar shallot growth and yield. Thus, adding coffee husk compost improves shallot growth, which is promising for reducing synthetic fertilizer use and promoting sustainable agriculture.
Analysis of honey quantity and quality in Flora Nauli Beekeepers at Pematang Siantar, North Sumatra Province
Authors: Affandi Oding , Batubara Ridwanti , Wijayanti Amalia , Ulfa Mariah
Published: December 2024

The quantity and quality of honey produced from beekeeping can vary and depends on weather conditions and the availability of bee forage vegetation. This study aims to determine the quantity of honey production and the quality of honey produced at Flora Nauli Beekeeper Pemetang Siantar, North Sumatra Province. The calculation of honey quantity is done by calculating the amount of honey volume in each hive (stup) produced using the average formula. Meanwhile, the honey quality test was conducted at Sucofindo laboratory with the following parameters: diastase enzyme activity, hydroxymethylfurfural, moisture content, glucose, sucrose and acidity. The results showed that the amount of honey produced by Apis cerana bees reached an average of 397.66 ml/hive/month. The amount of honey produced by Heterotrigona itama bees averaged 187.06 ml/hive/month. While the amount of honey produced by Geniotrigona thoracica bees averaged 97.03 ml/hive/month. Meanwhile, in terms of quality, honey produced by Apis sp and Trigona sp bees is classified as good with the test results of six parameters that meet the requirements of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). In the future, it is expected to promote the growth of other beekeepers and increase the consumption of honey in order to improve health
Application of Chicken Feather Compost with Nano Biochar and Cocopeat Additives on Corn (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Mulyono  , Merliana Avida , Isnawan Bambang Heri , Hartanto Tri
Published: December 2024

Additives are one of the ingredients to speed up the composting process. If chicken feathers are composted, the N is easily lost. In the composting process, additives need to be added. The study aims to determine the best percentage of cocopeat and nano biochar (CNB)-enriched chicken feather compost (CFC) and urea in replacing urea fertilizer in corn growth and yield. This research was carried out using an experimental method with a single factor treatment design arranged in a Completely Randomized Environmental Design. The research was carried out using 3 treatments of combination CNB-CFC and Urea, as followed 75% Urea + 25% CNB-CFC (B), 50% Urea + 50% CNB-CFC (C), and 25% Urea + 75% CNB-CFC (D). These three treatments were compared with two treatments of controls, namely 100% Urea (A) and 100% CNB-CFC (E). The research showed that a combination of urea fertilizer and CNB-CFC could replace 25-100% of N Urea and increase the growth and yield of corn. Of all treatments tested, the best growth and yield of corn was recorded from the application of 100% CNB-CFC. This finding emphasized the potential of CNB-CFC as an eco-friendly substitute for Urea that can be used for corn cultivation.
Storage life estimation of ready-to-drink wedang uwuh with accelerated shelf-life testing method
Authors: Adhim Zidan Fauzan , Ushada Mirwan , Falah Mohammad Affan Fajar , Alfiani Ririn Nur
Published: December 2024

Ready-to-drink (RTD) wedang uwuh is herbal beverage product innovations that are practical and healthy but perishable because it is vulnerable to microorganisms. This research aim to determining the shelf-life of RTD wedang uwuh. Wedang Uwuh that has been brewed and packaged in 200mL glass bottles was used in this study. Product analysis was conducted on color, antioxidant activity, and total microbes quality parameters of RTD wedang uwuh. A complete randomized design was used as experimental design, with temperatures treatment of 5 ± 2°C, 25 ± 2°C, 45 ± 2°C for 28 days of storage and observations every 7 days. This study plays a crucial role in sustainable agriculture because wedang uwuh is a traditional Indonesian herbal drink. Research on its storage life helps in determining optimal preservation techniques and ensuring the beverage retains its nutritional. By extending the shelf life of wedang uwuh, producers can minimize spoilage, reducing the overall environmental impact and conserving resources. The estimated shelf-life of RTD wedang uwuh is calculated using the Accelerated Shelf-Life Testing measurement method. The shelf-life of RTD wedang uwuh based on the color–lightness (L*) parameter 30.143 days at 5°C; 29.892 days at 25°C; and 29.758 days at 45°C.
Consumer preference analysis of traditional spices beverages based on sensory responses
Authors: Alfiani Ririn Nur , Ushada Mirwan , Ainuri Makhmudun , Falah Mohammad Affan Fajar
Published: December 2024

Traditional spices beverages need to be developed to enhance the existency of local product. It is necessary to analyze consumer preference of spices beverage. Different type of spices product can affect different preference based on sensory responses. The objective of the study was to determine the sensory characterization of traditional spices-beverages products. Five commercial samples were used in this study. Data was collected by sensory testing on the attributes of color, aroma, viscosity, taste, aftertaste, and overall using 37 untrained panelists. Sensory testing was conducted to collect data on attributes such as color, aroma, viscosity, taste, aftertaste, and overall perception, involving 37 untrained panelists. Statistical processing of sensory test data involved the application of a normality test, followed by the Kruskal-Wallis test, due to the non-fulfillment of the normality assumption. The research revealed that there are significant differences in the color, taste, and overall liking among the spiced beverage samples. The formulation of ingredients in spiced beverages indicates that consumers tend to favor spice drinks with a red color and a mild taste, often combined with milk and sugar. These results can be used by local producers as a reference in the manufacture of spices beverages products that are in accordance with consumer preference to developed the new product. However, this study only focus on sensory responses. Therefore, future studies were advised to combined sensory attributes and other responses to understand comprehensively.
Developing an Automatic Tomato Ripeness Sorting Prototype to Enhance Post Harvest Efficiency
Authors: Hayati Nur , Mahendra Rafi Ihza , Putra Karisma Trinanda , Prasetyo Eko , Setiawan Chandra Kurnia
Published: December 2024

The tomato sorting process is essential to post-harvest management, which aims to classify tomatoes according to their ripeness level. Currently, the majority of traders in traditional markets sort the tomatoes manually. This manual sorting process has drawbacks, as human judgment can vary and be subjective, leading to errors in sorting. Moreover, the longer duration of the sorting process results in a decline in tomato quality. This research proposes an automatic sorting solution by designing a prototype for sorting tomato ripeness levels based on color. The prototype integrates the technology of a TCS34725 color sensor and a TCRT5000 infrared sensor. The system shows the ripeness levels of the detected tomatoes on the LCD screen. Afterward, it sorts the tomatoes into separate containers based on their ripeness levels: raw, half-ripe, and ripe. This method ensures that tomato ripeness information is displayed and allows for organized sorting to manage post-processing efficiently. The prototype test results show that the average time needed to detect a tomato is 50 milliseconds (ms). Then, the accuracy of the prototype to classify the ripeness level is 98.67%. However, the sorting accuracy depends on factors like the distance between the object and the sensor, as well as the lighting conditions. These variables notably impact sensor readings in the current system, posing a limitation in this research. Future studies should incorporate adaptive algorithms to improve the system’s performance under varying environmental conditions.
Food Loss and Waste in Potato Supply Chains: A Systematic Literature Review and Framework Development Approach
Authors: Rauf AR , Marimin M , Nurhayati P , Suprehatin S
Published: December 2024

The supply chain structure of the potato-based food industry in Indonesia is not yet optimal, characterized by problems with the continuity of processed potato production and limited supply of potatoes to certain varieties. Food Loss and Waste of potatoes tends to be high, while food loss and waste mapping along the potato supply chain in Indonesia are not yet available. This study aims to identify the research gap of food loss and waste in potato supply chain, to determine the future research position, and to develop the future research framework. Systematic literature review was conducted to identify the research gap. At first, bibliometric analysis was conducted using Harzing’s Publish or Perish and VOSviewer software to produce the network visualization of research keywords to identify the gaps. Secondly, the most frequent keywords were used as the basis to review the relevant previous studies to determine the future research position. “Sustainability” is the main keyword that appears which has a close relationship with “food supply chain”, “supply chain management”, and “food industry”, while “potato” is not the most frequent keyword. The gap identified is the absence of keywords related to “soft system dynamics”, “food loss”, “food waste”, “food loss and waste”, and “life cycle assessment” which could be a potential novelty. To connect the dots of previous studies and produce a novelty, the future research will be positioned around the topic of sustainable potato supply chain modelling to reduce food loss and waste.
Quality Attributes of Dark Chocolate Praline with Wedang Jahe (Zingiber officinale) Jelly Filling
Authors: Azhartuti V , Ariviani S , Sanjaya A P , Muhammad D R A , Putri S P , Praseptiangga D
Published: December 2024

Chocolate pralines are complex food products that contain a soft filling that interacts with the chocolate shell. The combination of dark chocolate and ginger used as praline is still not widely found in research and innovation trends in cocoa-derived products. This study can have several implications for sustainability. For instance, understanding the quality attributes of this dark chocolate praline with wedang jahe (ginger) jelly filling encourages the use of sustainably sourced ingredients, optimizes formulations, and minimizes waste in production. Dark chocolate is one type of chocolate that has the highest cocoa content and has a relatively high content of flavonoids and catechins that are rich in benefits. Ginger has an active ingredient of oleoresin, consisting of gingerol, paradol, shogaol, and zingerone, which can be antioxidants. Therefore, using ginger as a filling for dark chocolate pralines improves the functional properties of chocolate products. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the concentration of ginger (20, 50, 80%) and variations in the ratio of carrageenan and xanthan gum (1:1, 1:3, 3:1) on the quality attributes, which includes physical, chemical, and sensory properties of dark chocolate praline with wedang jahe (ginger) jelly filling applying a completely randomized design (CRD) with a combined factor treatment. Based on the research results, dark chocolate praline with wedang jahe jelly filling with a concentration of 80% ginger and a ratio of carrageenan and xanthan gum 3:1 is the best formula based on the compensatory model weighting method.
Effect of Sago Starch (Metroxylon rumphii) Edible Coating on the Shelf Life of Papaya (Carica papaya L.)
Authors: Dewi S S , Khoerunnisa Y F
Published: December 2024

California papaya fruit is included in the climatic fruit that experiences a respiration burst that accompanies or precedes ripening, through an increase in CO2 and ethylene so that California papaya tends to have a short shelf life. One of the postharvest handling efforts that can be done is to provide a protective layer or edible coating to extend the shelf life. This study aims to determine the effect of edible coating of sago starch on the shelf life of papaya fruit and to know the best treatment for the shelf life of papaya fruit. This research was conducted using experimental methods, with a single factor treatment design, arranged in a completely randomised design (CRD). This study was conducted with 4 treatments, namely Edible coating of sago starch with a concentration of 5% + Glycerol 5% + CMC 0.5%, Edible coating of sago starch with a concentration of 7.5% + Glycerol 5% + CMC 0.5%, Edible coating of sago starch with a concentration of 10% + Glycerol 5% + CMC 0.5%, Without coating or Control. The results showed that there was an effect of sago starch edible coating on the shelf life of papaya fruit on the parameters of weight loss, hardness, total soluble solids, total titratable acid and respiration rate. Sago starch edible coating treatment with 10% concentration + 5% Glycerol + 0.5% CMC was the best for papaya fruit shelf life. The use of natural edible coatings is expected to increase the shelf life of papaya fruit so that it can help improve food security.
Flower-visiting Insects of Oil Palm in Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Santi Idum Satia , Sholahuddin  , Supriyadi  , Wirianata Herry
Published: December 2024

Oil palm (Elaeis guinensis) is a plant originating from Africa and entered Indonesia in 1998. Most oil palm plantations are found in Sumatra and Kalimantan. However, oil palm plants can also grow in Java. The beetle Elaeidobius kamerunicus is considered the most effective pollinator in pollinating oil palm. So far, the existence of this insect has never been studied in the Central Java region. This study aimed to identify insects visiting oil palm flowers in Central Java. The study was conducted in the SEAT research plantation, Ungaran, Central Java for 3 months. The study used scan sampling techniques on anthesis male flowers and receptive females. Insects are caught using yellow sticky traps and also insect nets. The results showed that there are 6 orders of insects, with 10 families and 13 species as insects visiting oil palm flowers. Elaeidubius kamerunicus is the most abundant species and has developed well in research plantation in Central Java.
Impact of Glucomannan and Egg Flour Incorporation on the Textural Properties of Gluten-Free Noodles
Authors: Anggraeni D , Herawati H , Erwin  , Kusnandar F , Suparlan  , Agustinisari I , Arif A B , Bachtiar M , Budiyanto  , Widowati S , Sunarmani  , Zubaidi T , Suhirman S , Hamaisa A , Setyawan N
Published: December 2024

This consideration investigated the impact of including glucomannan flour and egg flour on the textural properties of gluten-free noodles. With the expanding request for gluten-free noodles, it is critical to understand how distinctive fixings influence the item’s surface. Different gluten-free noodle details are arranged with changing extents of glucomannan flour and egg flour. Surface investigation is utilized to clarify parameters such as firmness, hardness, and chewiness. The comes about of the think about appeared that the expansion of glucomannan flour and egg flour had a noteworthy impact on the surface properties of noodles, specifically in definition A with the expansion of 7% glucomannan flour, and egg flour (white egg flour and yellow egg flour each 4%) with normal values firmness 404.15 N, hardness 1886.46 N, and chewiness 1175.64 N. The next concentration of glucomannan flour contributed to expanded firmness and hardness, whereas the expansion of egg flour expanded chewiness. By deciding the ideal combination of these fixings, gluten-free noodles with wanted textural qualities, assembly buyer inclinations, and dietary necessities can be defined. This inquiry offers important bits of knowledge into the improvement of gluten-free nourishment items, especially in making strides in their textural quality.
The Role of Civil Society in Mangrove Utilisation for Renewable Energy Sustainability
Authors: Lestari Rina , Purnomo Eko Priyo , Prabawa Windhi Gita , Sohsan Imron
Published: December 2024

This study aims to determine the sustainability of renewable energy in utilising mangrove forests. Mangrove forests have great potential as a renewable energy source. In addition to functioning as a natural balancer and carbon store, mangrove forests can produce environmentally friendly electrical energy. This study uses a qualitative method to provide an overview of the development of scientific research on sustainable energy through mangrove utilisation. Data sources were obtained by accessing journals in the Scopus database from 2014 to 2024, with 398 articles. The data was then analysed with VOSviewer. The findings showed several dominant concept clusters: alternative energy, biomass, ecosystem function, environmental impact, and forest. Mangrove forests can provide benefits and have great potential as a renewable energy resource. Meanwhile, this research is limited because the articles used only come from Scopus. Future research needs a comparative analysis approach using the Web of Science (WoS) database.
Dynamics of the Abiotic Environment in Various Populations Proportions of Intercropping of Sweet Corn and Cowpea
Authors: Setiawan Agus Nugroho , Bintaro Bagas Tian
Published: December 2024

Sweet corn is a plant that is widely grown in Indonesia because it has advantages over corn in general. Sweet corn is generally grown in monoculture, which has several disadvantages. Sweet corn can be planted intercropping, and cowpea are one plant that can act as an intercrop. This research aims to determine the dynamics of environmental conditions in various proportions of sweet corn and cowpea intercropping populations. This research is an experimental study with a single factor arranged in a complete randomized block design with three blocks as replications. The treatment is the population proportion of sweet corn and cowpea, consisting of 3 proportions, namely 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3. Monoculture sweet corn and cowpea were also planted for comparison. Monoculture sweet corn is planted with a spacing of 75 cm × 25 cm; Cowpea are planted at 25 cm × 25 cm, while intercrops are planted at a spacing according to treatment. Observations were made on light intensity, extinction coefficient, air temperature, air humidity, wind speed, soil moisture, soil temperature, and water content. The results showed that intercropping sweet corn and cowpea with population proportions of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 caused a decrease in light intensity, a reduction in wind speed, a decrease in air temperature, and an increase in air temperature and humidity. The population proportion of sweet corn and cowpea 1:3 results in better abiotic environmental conditions. Farmers can use the results of this research if they want to plant sweet corn by intercropping with cowpea with a population proportion of 1:3.
Soil Characteristics in Tepus Sub-district, Gunungkidul Regency for Plant Cultivation
Authors: Budiyanto Gunawan
Published: December 2024

Tepus Sub-district is one of the sub-districts in Gunungkidul Regency. This sub-district is included in the Gunung Sewu Karst Physiographic Sub-Zone. In general, the morphology is in the form of small hills and basins between hills (dolina) with heights ranging from 0 – 400 m and slopes of 8% to 40%. The physiographical conditions of this area consist of expanses of dry land with various slopes because of the existing topographic configuration. The results of determining soil characteristics can be used to compile projections of existing land use in Tepus District, Gunungkidul Regency. Thus, the purpose of this research is to determine the potential of land in Tepus District for plant cultivation. This research was conducted using the observation method to obtain primary data (results of laboratory analysis) and secondary data from related agencies. The results showed that the Tepus district, Gunungkidul regency has soil that develops from lime parent material originating from the Gunung Sewu Karst Physiographic Sub-Zone and has good potential physical characteristics for agricultural development because the soil has good retention power and effective depth (greater than 75 cm.). Chemical characteristics with cation exchange capacity and base saturation indicating a high cation content, with a neutral soil pH, low C-organic content, high potential for phosphate nutrient content, but having limiting factors for nitrogen and potassium nutrients.
Land Characteristics for Gogo Rice Plants in Muntuk, Dlingo, Special Region of Yogyakarta
Authors: Aini Lis Noer , Rachma Afara Fadilla , Isnawan Bambang Heri
Published: December 2024

Food security is one of the government’s programs for alleviating poverty, which is found in the Decree of the Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture (2018) to develop Food Independent Areas in food-insecure areas. This program is needed because food security is an indicator of a country’s stability. Muntuk Village is an area located in the hills, so if a disaster occurs, there may be obstacles in the distribution of food supplies from the city center. To overcome this, the Muntuk Village government wants to develop agricultural land in Muntuk Village. On this occasion, research was conducted on upland rice, maize, and soybean commodities which are commodities in the Indonesian government program UPSUS PAJALE “Special Efforts to Accelerate Self-Sufficiency in Rice, Maize and Soybeans”. The purpose of this research is to map the land that can be planted with upland rice crops. This research uses a survey method. Location selection was carried out using a purposive method, while representative points were determined randomly based on the slope of the land that can be used for food crops, which is between 0-15%. Data derived from field observations, laboratory analysis, and data from related agencies, then matched the data obtained with the Land Suitability for upland rice soybean crop. For agricultural development of upland rice commodities are in Tangkil, Karangasem, and Seropan III hamlets. Improvements are needed in soil fertility sub-classes, especially increasing available Phosphorus and base saturation. In addition, vegetative and mechanical soil conservation techniques are needed to prevent erosion hazards on the land.
Smart farming for sustainable agriculture: systematic literature and mapping study approaches
Authors: Wiranatakusuma Dimas Bagus , Aprizal Anggi , Kamil Muhamad
Published: December 2024

This study analyzes the literature on sustainable smart farming using a systematic literature review (SLR) and mapping study, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework. A total of 26 articles from Scopus-indexed journals were examined, revealing a significant relationship between smart farming and sustainable development. Key trends identified include agricultural digitalization (35%), climate-friendly agricultural technologies (27%), and climate variability (23%). The overlay visualization highlights emerging issues such as digitalization and climate-friendly technologies, marked in yellow. Density analysis indicates that “smart farming” and “sustainability” are the most dominant topics, while “electric mobility” and “climate adaptation” are less prominent. Research on Smart Farming Sustainability peaked in 2021 with nine publications. India, Italy, and United States of America led with three articles each. Of the 26 articles, 42.31% used a qualitative approach, 34.62% quantitative, and 23.08% mixed methods. Additionally, the results show a significant link between smart farming and sustainable development, with major trends such as agricultural digitalization (35%), climate-friendly agricultural technologies (27%), and climate variability (23%). This study underscores the critical role of smart farming in advancing sustainable practices and offers valuable insights into current research trends.
Design and analysis of OAM based UCA for vehicular communications in 6G networks
Authors: Krishna Kishore G , Valli R
Published: December 2024

This article presents the design and experimental validation of a uniform circular array (UCA) of circularly polarized (CP) slot patch antennas for generating orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams at 2.4 GHz. The proposed UCA configuration enables high-purity OAM beam generation with azimuthal symmetry, which is critical for vehicular communication applications. Using left-hand circularly polarized elements and a series-fed network, the UCA achieves precise phase control and minimal side-lobe levels. The antenna was optimized to produce the OAM mode with a topological charge l = 1. Numerical simulations and experimental measurements show that the design offers strong impedance matching and high mode purity, making it suitable for applications requiring conical beam radiation, such as vehicle-to-vehicle communications. The 3D measurements further validate the prototype’s effectiveness in generating OAM beams with symmetric radiation patterns, demonstrating significant azimuthal symmetry and confirming its applicability for dynamic vehicular environments.
Effects of Co/Fe doping on the optical limiting behaviors of copper-based sulfides under low energy densities
Authors: Liu Yang , Shi Wei , Feng Zhiyan , Wang Jing , Yang Hao , Feng Hailong , Liang Chenglu , Chen Yukun
Published: December 2024

Copper-based sulfides have demonstrated excellent potential in optical fields due to their unique optical properties. In this work, heteroatom doping is conducted in copper-based sulfides to regulate their photo-physical properties. The average grain size of CuCo2S4/CuFeS2 is about 15 nm, whereas the average grain sizes of CuCo2S4 and CuFeS2 are 69 and 73 nm, respectively. The as-obtained derivations of CuCo2S4, CuFeS2, and the coprecipitated CuCo2S4/CuFeS2 are systematically characterized, and the nonlinear optical properties (NLO) of the copper-based sulfides are investigated via the Z-scan technique in the low-laser intensity range of 1–4 µJ to avoid the contribution of solvent scattering in nonlinear optical results. All copper-based sulfides exhibit optical limiting effects, and the open aperture Z-scan results suggested the coexistence of both nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refraction in the sulfides. Co or Fe doping can enhance the optical limiting effects of copper sulfides to some extent, and the normalized transmittances in CuCo2S4 and CuFeS2 are reduced to about 72% from the pristine Cu1.8S (85%) at the input energy of 4 µJ. Interestingly, the optical limiting performances of the coprecipitated CuCo2S4/CuFeS2 are enhanced significantly, and the normalized transmittance in CuCo2S4/CuFeS2 is reduced to about 59% at an input energy of 4 µJ, much lower than the counterpart of the physical mixture of CuCo2S4 and CuFeS2. The highest nonlinear absorption coefficient (β) value is achieved in CuCo2S4/CuFeS2, consistent with the Z-scan results. The NLO enhancement in CuCo2S4/CuFeS2 may derive from the more efficient interfacial charge transfer between coprecipitated CuCo2S4 and CuFeS2, which give a higher efficiency in the carrier mobility.
A short computation of the Rouquier dimension for a cycle of projective lines
Authors: Hanlon Andrew , Hicks Jeff
Published: December 2024

Given a dg category

C

\mathcal C

, we introduce a new class of objects (weakly product bimodules) in

C

o
p

⊗

C

\mathcal C^{op}\otimes \mathcal C

generalizing product bimodules. We show that the minimal generation time of the diagonal by weakly product bimodules provides an upper bound for the Rouquier dimension of

C

\mathcal C

. As an application, we give a purely algebro-geometric proof of a result of Burban and Drozd that the Rouquier dimension of the derived category of coherent sheaves on an

n
n

-cycle of projective lines is one. Our approach explicitly gives the generator realizing the minimal generation time.