bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Haematological cancers, they’re a funny bunch’: A qualitative study of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma patient experiences of unmet supportive care needs
Authors: Swash Brooke , Hulbert-Williams Nick , Bramwell Ros
Published: July 2016

Despite high levels of psychological distress, there is a scarcity of research on unmet supportive care needs in haematological cancer patients. This qualitative study used an in-depth interpretative phenomenological approach to investigate the needs reported by six non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients and explored how these needs consequently shaped the patient experience. Emergent themes included the following: concerns for family, information needs and the need for psychological support. Participants reported feeling different to other cancer patients. Lack of understanding of their diagnosis by friends and family and lack of access to relevant support services are notable unmet needs that differ from previous findings.
Political and economic transformations in Ukraine: The view from psychiatry
Authors: Yankovskyy Shelly
Published: July 2016

This article examines contemporary Ukrainian psychiatry through the voices of patients, practitioners, and advocates, focusing on shifting objects of knowledge, interventions, and institutional transitions. Currently, we are witnessing the reconfiguration of psychiatry on a global scale through neoliberal rhetoric combined with the call for global mental health. The goal of the movement for global mental health is to scale up psychiatric treatments through greater access to psychiatric drugs, justified through the framing of distress as an illness. Neoliberal rhetoric suggests that cutting social service expenditure through the privatization and decentralization of the health care system will stimulate economic growth and, in the long term, combat poverty. This paper traces how these dynamics are playing out in Ukraine, drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted at a psychiatric hospital in south-central Ukraine from 2008–2010, while working with a non-governmental organization.
Mobility, migration and new media: Manoeuvring through physical, digital and liminal spaces
Authors: Lim Sun Sun , Bork-Hüffer Tabea , Yeoh Brenda SA
Published: July 2016

This special section assembles perspectives on mobilities, migration and new media that emphasise mobile subjects’ multifarious involvements in overlapping digital spheres, which relate them socially and emotionally to both their home and destination countries. In this introduction, we identify two key themes that connect articles in this collection. First, authors accentuate migration and new media appropriation as a process involving liminal spaces characterized by transition, experimentation and tentativeness. Second, they analyse the subtle frictions that derive from migrants’ embeddedness in digital and offline social fields, shot through with power asymmetries that may simultaneously imply empowerment on one hand, and surveillance and control on the other. Authors draw on empirical case studies of transnational migration in foregrounding multiple mobilities within, to or from Asia.
‘Follow the closing of the campaign on streaming’: The use of Twitter by Spanish political parties during the 2014 European elections
Authors: Ramos-Serrano Marina , Fernández Gómez Jorge David , Pineda Antonio
Published: July 2016

The results of the elections to the European Parliament of 25 May 2014 marked a before and an after for Spanish politics. This influential European campaign took place at a moment when Internet use was well established as a tool, with political parties and candidates actively using social media. This article aims to research whether Spanish parties are using Twitter to develop interactive communication, or simply for broadcasting messages. Thus, the Twitter activity of various political parties during the 2014 European campaign is content-analysed. Results indicate that activity seems to depend on ideology, that parties are revealed to be committed to unidirectional communication/broadcasting, and that debate on Twitter is fundamentally between the politicians themselves. On a theoretical level, our data are in line with the idea that the normalisation hypothesis tends to prevail.
The self—harmed, visualized, and reblogged: Remaking of self-injury narratives on Tumblr
Authors: Seko Yukari , Lewis Stephen P
Published: July 2016

Images featuring self-injury (SI) have been proliferating on social media. This article reports the findings of a visual narrative analysis of 294 photo-based posts on Tumblr, exploring how SI is narrated through the interplay between image content, photographic composition, associated texts and tags, and reblogging. Findings reveal a shift in the iconography of SI from direct depictions of self-injured bodies to re-appropriations of popular media content that figuratively represent emotional struggles. Images of self-inflicted wounds received 10 times less reblogs than images without wounds, and media memes conveying hopeless moods were the most widely distributed. These memes represent SI as a form of life struggle virtually anyone can face while complicating conventional readings of SI as an individual pathologic experience. We discuss these findings in the context of an emergent online curation culture and how Tumblr’s unique affordances may both offer and limit possibilities for narrating SI.
Personal Reflections
Authors: McLean Gary N.
Published: July 2016

The Problem

In this issue, we have collectively attempted to capture a history of the Academy of Human Resource Development (AHRD or the Academy, used interchangeably). But is historical research important? Why have a history of AHRD now? What are the difficulties in doing historical research? And what does an historical history tell us about the changes to AHRD?

The Solution

In this article, I provide my reflections on the process that was used in putting this history together in light of commonly accepted criteria for a quality historical article. I chose reflection for this task consistent with Schön’s advice to use reflection to improve as a practitioner. I explored the difficulty in doing historical research, examined why it is so difficult to get historical research published, looked beyond the facts or events of AHRD’s history, and suggested areas that are still missing from this historical record.

The Stakeholders

Probably, those with the greatest interest in this article (and this issue) are those who are or have been members of the Academy. Others who might be interested are those who are involved in their own professional organization, other than AHRD. Those who are exploring the possibility of joining the Academy and those interested in the history of the broad scope of human resource development (HRD) are also likely to be interested.
Workplace Politics and Performance Appraisal
Authors: Rosen Christopher C. , Kacmar K. Michele , Harris Kenneth J. , Gavin Mark B. , Hochwarter Wayne A.
Published: July 2016

Drawing from Johns’s theory of self-serving behavior, we identified workplace politics as a contextual factor that affects the relative costs and benefits associated with supervisor rating behaviors. Our investigation tested these ideas by considering how politics influence the way in which raters combine information when evaluating subordinate performance. Specifically, we examined the three-way interaction of in-role behavior, extra-role behavior, and politics perceptions on overall ratings of performance in a two-study, multilevel investigation. Across two studies, results generally were consistent with the hypothesized three-way interaction, such that the joint effects of extra-role and in-role behavior on performance ratings varied across levels of politics. Implications of these findings and future research directions are discussed.
Electrophysiological Study on Cognitive Function in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients With Previous Neuropsychiatric Involvement
Authors: Gao Yang , Cheung Raymond Tak Fai , Gao Junling , Lau Esther Y. Y. , Wan Jacky Ho Yin , Mok Mo Yin
Published: July 2016

This study aimed to evaluate P300 as an electrophysiological marker of cognitive function in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who had previous neuropsychiatric (NPSLE) involvement and were diagnosed to have cognitive impairment by standard neuropsychological tests. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were assessed by the auditory and visual oddball paradigms. Amplitude and latency of P300 at the frontal (Fz), central (Cz), and parietal (Pz) regions were determined and compared with controls. P300 detection was performed in NPSLE patients with pre-diagnosed cognitive impairment (n = 9), matched SLE patients without previous NPSLE (non-NPSLE) (n = 9), and healthy controls (n = 15). Auditory oddball task did not show any P300 abnormality between groups. Visual oddball task revealed reduced amplitude of P300 over Fz ( P = .002) and Cz ( P = .009) electrodes in NPSLE patients compared with healthy controls and among those who had predominant memory deficit ( P = .01 at Fz). Abnormal P300 was also observed in non-NPSLE patients at Fz and Cz. Using visual oddball paradigm, abnormal P300 was found in NPSLE patients over frontal and parietal regions compared with normal controls but was not discriminative from possible subclinical disease in non-NPSLE patients. In conclusion, visual oddball paradigm was a more sensitive electrophysiological marker than auditory oddball paradigm for cognitive impairment in NPSLE patients.
Even energy consumption and backside routing: An improved routing protocol for effective data transmission in wireless body area networks
Authors: Ha Ilkyu
Published: July 2016

One of the core technologies of wireless body area networks (WBANs) is the routing technology. For effective routing in WBANs, various network operations such as lifetime extension and energy efficiency are required to be considered. However, the characteristics of the body serve as the most important management elements for stable operation and for guaranteeing effective WBAN management. Therefore, in this study, a routing protocol, even energy consumption and backside routing, is proposed and designed for stable operation of WBANs; it considers even energy consumption for the lifetime extension of the network and the path loss of the node located at the back of the body. For this study, the Mobile-ATTEMPT (M-ATTEMPT) as a recent routing technology is analysed, and an improved algorithm is proposed. Finally, the excellence of the proposed protocol is proved through a variety of experiments. The results show a significant improvement than previous routing technologies in terms of network lifetime, throughput and residual energy.
Exploiting channel and interface heterogeneity for rate separating channel assignment in IEEE 802.11 wireless multimedia sensor networks
Authors: Kim Tae-Sung , Kim Sok-Hyong , Kim Young-Yong
Published: July 2016

In wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs), disaster control and public safety are crucial issues that focus on emergency management, rescue, and emergency medical services. For high data rate requirement of WMSNs, the IEEE 802.11 specification can be used for the radio interface of sensor nodes, and the nodes can be equipped with multiple 802.11 radios to utilize multiple channels and link data rates. In practical IEEE 802.11 WMSNs, a link shows different link qualities depending on the operating channels and interfaces between two nodes, called channel and interface heterogeneity. In multirate WMSNs, low-rate links severely degrade the capacity of high-rate links, known as rate anomaly. In this article, we propose a novel channel assignment protocol, heterogeneity-aware mesh (HMesh), to address both rate anomaly mitigation and the channel and interface heterogeneity in real IEEE 802.11 WMSNs. HMesh constructs a tree-based WMSN using the proposed channel assignment and routing metric and the heuristic channel assignment algorithm. With the metric and heuristic algorithm, HMesh separates different data rate links by considering the channel and interface heterogeneity. Through extensive simulations and experiments on our IEEE 802.11 WMSN test bed, we demonstrate that HMesh significantly outperforms existing channel assignment protocols in IEEE 802.11 WMSNs.
Enhanced group-based wireless ad-hoc sensor network protocol
Authors: Khedher Marwa , Lloret Jaime , Douik Ali
Published: July 2016

Communication is the major energy consumption source in wireless ad-hoc sensor networks. Thus, an efficient trade-off between the energy cost of the communication and network’s performance is a key challenge in conceiving a wireless ad-hoc sensor network. In this article, we propose an improved group-based architecture for wireless ad-hoc sensor networks. An optimized group forming procedure and an efficient communication operation are introduced. In order to validate the proposed approach, we suggest a group-based strategy to monitor pharmaceutical drugs during transportation. Real measurements of temperature and vibration were performed to validate the effectiveness of our approach.
The Relationship Between the Intercrease Line and the A1 Digital Pulley: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Watkins Colyn J. , Zivaljevic Nikola , Eberlin Kyle R. , Rivlin Michael , Mudgal Chaitanya S.
Published: July 2016

Background: Accurate identification of surface anatomy is critical to identify the location of the A1 pulley. The intercrease line (ICL) describes a transverse line between the radial edge of the proximal palmar crease and the ulnar edge of the distal palmar crease. We hypothesize that this easily identifiable surface landmark approximates the location of the A1 pulley. Methods: The ICL was marked on 7 cadaver hands. We marked a point proximal to the proximal digital crease (PDC) equal to the distance between each digit’s proximal interphalangeal crease (PIC) and PDC (the PIC/PDC point). We calculated the distance between PIC/PDC points and proximal edge of the A1 pulleys. Results: The ICL was proximal to A1 in all digits. The PIC/PDC point was distal to A1 in the ring finger, and proximal to A1 in the index, middle, and small fingers. The PIC/PDC point was closer to the A1 pulley than the ICL in the middle and ring fingers. Conclusions: Despite less accuracy than the PIC/PDC point at approximating the location of the A1 pulley, the ICL is reliably proximal to the A1 pulley.
Endovascular management of ruptured basilar artery dissection with two overlapping Low-profile Visualized Intraluminal Support stents
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxi , Li Wenshuai , Lv Nan , Zhang Quanzhong , Huang Qinghai
Published: July 2016

The optimal endovascular treatment method of ruptured basilar artery dissection still remains controversial. We reported a case with ruptured basilar artery dissection involving the left anterior inferior cerebellar artery. The dissecting aneurysm was successfully treated with two overlapping Low-profile Visualized Intraluminal Support stents and the preservation of antegrade blood flow of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery was achieved. Three-month and six-month follow-ups revealed good clinical and angiographic results, although controversies regarding long-term stability remained to be addressed.
An Overly Permissive Extension
Authors: Kagan Jerome
Published: July 2016

In this article, I describe how the current practice of classifying as a stressor any event that is accompanied by a change in any of a number of biological or behavioral measures—even when it is not accompanied by a long-term compromise in an organism’s health or capacity to cope with daily challenges—has limited the utility of this concept. This permissive posture, which began with Selye’s writings more than 65 years ago, is sustained by the public’s desire for a simple term that might explain the tension generated by the threat of terrorists, growing economic inequality, increased competiveness in the workplace or for admission to the best universities, rogue nuclear bombs, and media reports of threats to health in food and water. I believe that the concept stress should be limited to select events that pose a serious threat to an organism’s well-being or discarded as too ambiguous to be theoretically useful.
Shared-Reality Development in Childhood
Authors: Higgins E. Tory
Published: July 2016

Many significant changes occur during human childhood, including cognitive, social-cognitive, and socioemotional changes. This article reviews some key phenomena associated with some of these changes and attempts to capture them within a single conceptual umbrella—changes in children’s shared realities with others. Shared reality is the experience that you have an inner state about something (e.g., a feeling or belief or concern about something) that is shared by others (a person or group). Four phases of shared-reality development are proposed: Phase 1 (6–12 months) shared feelings; Phase 2 (18–24 months) shared practices; Phase 3 (3–5 years) shared self-guides; Phase 4 (9–13 years) shared coordinated roles. In each phase, a new way that children interact with and relate to others emerges, and the emergence of each new shared-reality mode has significant self-regulatory and social consequences. These consequences include both major benefits for children and potential costs—trade-offs of being human.
Working Memory Training Does Not Improve Performance on Measures of Intelligence or Other Measures of “Far Transfer”
Authors: Melby-Lervåg Monica , Redick Thomas S. , Hulme Charles
Published: July 2016

It has been claimed that working memory training programs produce diverse beneficial effects. This article presents a meta-analysis of working memory training studies (with a pretest-posttest design and a control group) that have examined transfer to other measures (nonverbal ability, verbal ability, word decoding, reading comprehension, or arithmetic; 87 publications with 145 experimental comparisons). Immediately following training there were reliable improvements on measures of intermediate transfer (verbal and visuospatial working memory). For measures of far transfer (nonverbal ability, verbal ability, word decoding, reading comprehension, arithmetic) there was no convincing evidence of any reliable improvements when working memory training was compared with a treated control condition. Furthermore, mediation analyses indicated that across studies, the degree of improvement on working memory measures was not related to the magnitude of far-transfer effects found. Finally, analysis of publication bias shows that there is no evidential value from the studies of working memory training using treated controls. The authors conclude that working memory training programs appear to produce short-term, specific training effects that do not generalize to measures of “real-world” cognitive skills. These results seriously question the practical and theoretical importance of current computerized working memory programs as methods of training working memory skills.
Adaptive Memory
Authors: Nairne James S. , Pandeirada Josefa N. S.
Published: July 2016

A few seconds of survival processing, during which people assess the relevance of information to a survival situation, produces particularly good retention. One interpretation of this benefit is that our memory systems are optimized to process and retain fitness-relevant information. Such a “tuning” may exist, in part, because our memory systems were shaped by natural selection, using a fitness-based criterion. However, recent research suggests that traditional mnemonic processes, such as elaborative processing, may play an important role in producing the empirical benefit. Boundary conditions have been demonstrated as well, leading some to dismiss evolutionary interpretations of the phenomenon. In this article, we discuss the current state of the evolutionary account and provide a general framework for evaluating evolutionary and purportedly nonevolutionary interpretations of mnemonic phenomena. We suggest that survival processing effects are best viewed within the context of a general survival optimization system, designed by nature to help organisms deal with survival challenges. An important component of survival optimization is the ability to simulate activities that help to prevent or escape from future threats which, in turn, depends in an important way on accurate retrospective remembering of survival-relevant information.
Changing the Context Is Important and Necessary, but Not Sufficient, for Reducing Adolescent Risky Sexual Behavior
Authors: Bryan Angela D. , Gillman Arielle S. , Hansen Natasha S.
Published: July 2016

Starting school later, keeping adolescents busy with structured programming, and making free condoms available, as Steinberg (2015) suggests, are important and necessary steps, but they are simply not sufficient if the goal is reducing sexually transmitted infections and unplanned pregnancy. We agree that the current state of affairs, which in many schools involves sexuality education using programs that are not empirically supported, is unacceptable. However, abandoning sexuality education entirely would leave adolescents ill equipped to protect themselves. Despite the fact that current intervention technology is neither perfect nor optimally effective, there are empirically supported, school-based sexual risk reduction interventions that teach these skills and are readily available. In addition, even though we agree that structured afternoon programs for school-aged adolescents would reduce the opportunity for sexual risk behavior during the school years, such programs would not address the demographic reality of sexual risk that continues for adolescents and emerging adults far past the end of traditional secondary education. We believe Steinberg’s suggestions are an excellent start and ought to be implemented. But complementary to this approach should be the use of existing empirically supported sexual risk reduction interventions and research into the development of even more effective interventions.
A Stage Model of Stress and Disease
Authors: Cohen Sheldon , Gianaros Peter J. , Manuck Stephen B.
Published: July 2016

In this article, we argued that the term stress has served as a valuable heuristic, helping researchers to integrate traditions that illuminate different stages of the process linking stressful life events to disease. We provided a short history of three traditions in the study of stress: the epidemiological, psychological, and biological. The epidemiological tradition focuses on defining which circumstances and experiences are deemed stressful on the basis of consensual agreement that they constitute threats to social or physical well-being. The psychological tradition focuses on individuals’ perceptions of the stress presented by life events on the basis of their appraisals of the threats posed and the availability of effective coping resources. The biological tradition focuses on brain-based perturbations of physiological systems that are otherwise essential for normal homeostatic regulation and metabolic control. The foci of these three traditions have informed elements of a stage model of disease, wherein events appraised as stressful are viewed as triggering affective states that in turn engender behavioral and biological responses having possible downstream implications for disease.
What Should Researchers Expect When They Replicate Studies? A Statistical View of Replicability in Psychological Science
Authors: Patil Prasad , Peng Roger D. , Leek Jeffrey T.
Published: July 2016

A recent study of the replicability of key psychological findings is a major contribution toward understanding the human side of the scientific process. Despite the careful and nuanced analysis reported, the simple narrative disseminated by the mass, social, and scientific media was that in only 36% of the studies were the original results replicated. In the current study, however, we showed that 77% of the replication effect sizes reported were within a 95% prediction interval calculated using the original effect size. Our analysis suggests two critical issues in understanding replication of psychological studies. First, researchers’ intuitive expectations for what a replication should show do not always match with statistical estimates of replication. Second, when the results of original studies are very imprecise, they create wide prediction intervals—and a broad range of replication effects that are consistent with the original estimates. This may lead to effects that replicate successfully, in that replication results are consistent with statistical expectations, but do not provide much information about the size (or existence) of the true effect. In this light, the results of the Reproducibility Project: Psychology can be viewed as statistically consistent with what one might expect when performing a large-scale replication experiment.
Why Stress Remains an Ambiguous Concept
Authors: Kagan Jerome
Published: July 2016

This reply to the commentaries by Cohen, Giannaros, and Manuck (2016, this issue) and McEwen and McEwen (2016, this issue) acknowledges investigators’ reluctance to relinquish the term stress, despite the lack of agreement on its meaning and the evidence that is a sign of its presence. This brief reply urges scientists studying the exemplars of this ambiguous concept to search for robust relations that specify the type of event, the properties of the agent, the agent’s circumstances, and the behavioral or biological consequences. The accumulation of these relations will reveal that the word stress adds little to our understanding.
A Multilab Preregistered Replication of the Ego-Depletion Effect
Authors: Hagger M. S. , Chatzisarantis N. L. D. , Alberts H. , Anggono C. O. , Batailler C. , Birt A. R. , Brand R. , Brandt M. J. , Brewer G. , Bruyneel S. , Calvillo D. P. , Campbell W. K. , Cannon P. R. , Carlucci M. , Carruth N. P. , Cheung T. , Crowell A. , De Ridder D. T. D. , Dewitte S. , Elson M. , Evans J. R. , Fay B. A. , Fennis B. M. , Finley A. , Francis Z. , Heise E. , Hoemann H. , Inzlicht M. , Koole S. L. , Koppel L. , Kroese F. , Lange F. , Lau K. , Lynch B. P. , Martijn C. , Merckelbach H. , Mills N. V. , Michirev A. , Miyake A. , Mosser A. E. , Muise M. , Muller D. , Muzi M. , Nalis D. , Nurwanti R. , Otgaar H. , Philipp M. C. , Primoceri P. , Rentzsch K. , Ringos L. , Schlinkert C. , Schmeichel B. J. , Schoch S. F. , Schrama M. , Schütz A. , Stamos A. , Tinghög G. , Ullrich J. , vanDellen M. , Wimbarti S. , Wolff W. , Yusainy C. , Zerhouni O. , Zwienenberg M.
Published: July 2016

Good self-control has been linked to adaptive outcomes such as better health, cohesive personal relationships, success in the workplace and at school, and less susceptibility to crime and addictions. In contrast, self-control failure is linked to maladaptive outcomes. Understanding the mechanisms by which self-control predicts behavior may assist in promoting better regulation and outcomes. A popular approach to understanding self-control is the strength or resource depletion model. Self-control is conceptualized as a limited resource that becomes depleted after a period of exertion resulting in self-control failure. The model has typically been tested using a sequential-task experimental paradigm, in which people completing an initial self-control task have reduced self-control capacity and poorer performance on a subsequent task, a state known as ego depletion. Although a meta-analysis of ego-depletion experiments found a medium-sized effect, subsequent meta-analyses have questioned the size and existence of the effect and identified instances of possible bias. The analyses served as a catalyst for the current Registered Replication Report of the ego-depletion effect. Multiple laboratories ( k = 23, total N = 2,141) conducted replications of a standardized ego-depletion protocol based on a sequential-task paradigm by Sripada et al. Meta-analysis of the studies revealed that the size of the ego-depletion effect was small with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) that encompassed zero ( d = 0.04, 95% CI [−0.07, 0.15]. We discuss implications of the findings for the ego-depletion effect and the resource depletion model of self-control.
Moyamoya disease in pregnancy and delivery planning: A case series and literature review
Authors: Weston Erica , Mehta Niharika
Published: July 2016

Moyamoya disease is a rare condition characterized by stenosis or occlusion of the intracranial internal carotid arteries leading to the development of fragile collateral vessels. Disruption of these vessels can lead to both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. As such, these patients are sensitive to changes in intracranial pressure and pose a challenge in pregnancy and delivery planning. Two cases of a parturients with moyamoya disease are presented, and the literature regarding safe method of delivery in similar patients is reviewed. The available evidence suggests that adequate anesthesia, and maintenance of hemodynamic status, takes precedence over the exact method of delivery in these patients. Cesarean delivery under epidural anesthesia can be a safe option for parturients with moyamoya disease, but an uncomplicated vaginal delivery, most often assisted with either vacuum or forceps, has also been frequently reported.
Association between parent and child weight status among private school children in Delhi, India
Authors: Greene-Cramer Blanche , Harrell Melissa B. , Hoelscher Deanna M. , Sharma Shreela , Ranjit Nalini , Gupta Vinay , Nazar Gaurang , Arora Monika
Published: July 2016

Over the past three decades there has been a surge in the prevalence of overweight and obesity worldwide in both adults and children. To date few studies have examined obesity in India and most have only looked at prevalence estimates. While studies in Western countries have identified parent weight status as a predictor of child weight status, there have been no studies examining this association in India. This study examined the relationship between parent weight status and child weight status using an internationally representative growth reference for children and Asian-specific action points for adults.

Overall, this study found 29.6% of children and 77.7% of parents in a sample of private schools in Delhi, India were overweight/obese. Parent weight status was found to be associated with child weight status after controlling for child grade and sex. However, while maternal weight status was associated with child weight status (odds ratio=1.51, 95% confidence interval: 1.04–2.20), paternal weight status was not (odds ratio=1.10, 95% confidence interval: 0.81–1.48). The association was greatest between mothers and sons (odds ratio=2.13, 95% confidence interval: 1.39–3.27).

These results provide initial evidence that parent weight status is associated with child weight status in Delhi, India. Future research should continue to explore the relationship between parent, particularly maternal, and child weight status to better understand the nature of the relationship and the differences between male and female children. Interventions to address child overweight and obesity in India should include parents as direct targets.
Bolus Calculator Settings in Well-Controlled Prepubertal Children Using Insulin Pumps Are Characterized by Low Insulin to Carbohydrate Ratios and Short Duration of Insulin Action Time
Authors: Hanas Ragnar , Adolfsson Peter
Published: July 2016

Background:

The “500 rule” has been used extensively to find the insulin to carbohydrate ratio (ICR) for carbohydrate counting (CC). Duration of insulin action (DIA) is often recommended to be set to 4 hours. Data are lacking on validating these routines in young children.

Methods:

ICR was calculated by dividing carbohydrate grams by insulin units. Insulin sensitivity factor (ISF) was defined by the 100 rule (100 divided by total daily insulin dose [TDD]). DIA was set to 3 hours. ICR, ISF, and DIA were adjusted continuously. Data for this retrospective analysis were taken from pump downloads at a routine visit. ICR and ISF were recalculated to rules (ICR/ISF multiplied by TDD).

Results:

A total of 21 prepubertal children aged 7.0 ± 2.3 (mean ± SD), range 2-10 years, with diabetes duration 3.0 ± 1.9, range 0.5-7.7 years, used the pump bolus calculator for CC. HbA1c IFCC (NGSP) was 53 ± 6 mmol/mol (7.0 ± 0.5%). None had experienced severe hypoglycemia (unconsciousness/seizures) since diabetes diagnosis. TDD was 0.7 ± 0.1 U/kg/24 h (range 0.5-1.0), and the percentage basal insulin 38 ± 11%. Median breakfast rule was 211 (Q, quartiles 162;310), and for other meals 434 (Q 301;496). Median ISF rule was 113 (Q 100;128) in the morning, and 120 (Q 104;134) during the rest of the day. DIA was 2.6 ± 0.5 h (range 2-3) and target BG 5.3 ± 0.4 mmol/l (range 5.0-6.0).

Conclusions:

Prepubertal children seem to need more bolus insulin for meals than calculated from the 500 rule, especially at breakfast, but less insulin for corrections than calculated from the 100 rule. Two to 3 hours seems to be the appropriate range for DIA in this age group.
Treatment Outcomes and Tolerability Following Initiation of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Primary Care Practices in Germany
Authors: Qiao Qing , Johnsson Kristina , Grandy Susan , Kostev Karel
Published: July 2016

Background:

The aim was to investigate real-world treatment outcomes and tolerability of GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes in Germany.

Methods:

Patients from 323 primary care practices who started any GLP-1RA therapy (89 Byetta, 108 Bydureon, 347 Victoza patients) between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2013 (index date) were analyzed retrospectively (Disease Analyzer database, Germany). Changes from baseline in HbA1c, weight, and hypoglycemia were evaluated in 3 follow-up periods of 0-6, 7-12, and 13-18 months.

Results:

A total of 544 diabetes patients (mean age: 57.9 years; men: 54%) were eligible for the study. Mean (SD) HbA1c (%) decreased from 8.3 (1.4) at baseline to 7.4 (1.2) in 6 months, 7.6 (1.3) in 7-12 months and 7.6 (1.4) in 13-18 months, respectively ( P < .001 for all), while the proportion of patients with HbA1c <7% increased from 15% at baseline to 38%, 36% and 35% in the corresponding periods ( P < .0001 for all). Multivariate-adjusted beta coefficients corresponding to changes in HbA1c (%) from baseline were –.52, –.44, and –.44, respectively, in the follow-up periods for baseline HbA1c (%) ( P < .0001 for all). The prevalence of hypoglycemia at baseline was 0.7%; this did not change significantly after treatment.

Conclusions:

In clinical practice, GLP-1RA treatment was associated with improved glycemic control without increased hypoglycemia for up to 18 months. The higher the baseline HbA1c, the greater the HbA1c reduction recorded.
School Nurses on the Front Lines of Medicine
Authors: Olympia Robert P. , Brady Jodi
Published: July 2016

Abdominal pain is a common chief complaint encountered by school nurses. This article explains the etiology of abdominal pain in children and adolescents, describes the office assessment, and delineates life-threatening conditions associated with severe abdominal pain that may prompt the school nurse to transfer the student to a local emergency department.
Growth and subsequent disappearance of a ruptured small saccular intracranial aneurysm: A morphometric and flow-dynamic analysis
Authors: Peruvumba Jayakumar Narayan , Paul Divyan , Verghese Renjan
Published: July 2016

The growth of a ruptured small saccular aneurysm has rarely been documented. Also rare are reports of spontaneous thrombosis of ruptured small intracranial saccular aneurysms. However, there are no reported instances of ruptured small saccular aneurysms that have demonstrated an increase in size after rupture, subsequently thrombosed and disappeared from circulation. We report one such aneurysm in a patient who presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage from a ruptured small saccular aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery. The possible reasons for the initial growth and subsequent thrombosis of the aneurysm from morphometric and flow dynamic points of view are discussed.
Analysis of the blast wave decay coefficient using the Kingery–Bulmash data
Authors: Karlos Vasilis , Solomos George , Larcher Martin
Published: July 2016

A growing interest for the design of structures to sustain blast-induced loads has been observed in recent years as a result of the worldwide rise of terrorist bombing attacks. The blast loading is usually characterized by a sudden increase in the pressure followed by an exponential decay. The parameters of this pressure pulse are essential for design and can be found in various blast design manuals available in the open literature. One of the most widely used sources is a technical report by Kingery–Bulmash, which provides values for many blast parameters in diagrams and polynomial form. However, it does not include an equation for calculating the blast wave decay coefficient, necessary for constructing the pressure–time history of an explosion at a certain point. In this study, a review of the technical literature that contains expressions for the blast pressure decay coefficient is performed, and relevant comparisons have been made. New equations describing the decay coefficient of the Friedlander equation for both incident and reflected cases for free-air and surface bursts are proposed. These equations express the decay coefficient in terms of the scaled distance and are not valid for close-in detonations. They are entirely based on the Kingery–Bulmash data, and their accuracy is satisfactorily checked against new experimental results and their trends assessed through a sensitivity analysis. Accordingly, the positive phase of the pressure–time curve at a point can be reliably and efficiently generated.
A corny cause of cerebrospinal fluid ascites: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Jamal Hira , Abrams Gary
Published: July 2016

Objective:

To report a rare cause of cerebrospinal fluid ascites.

Methods:

A 37-year-old female with history of intracranial hypertension and a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt was referred to liver clinic for evaluation of newly developed ascites.

Results:

Initially, the cause of ascites was thought to be secondary to a liver etiology. However, this was excluded after a comprehensive evaluation including portal pressure measurements. We determined the ascites to be infected cerebrospinal fluid secondary to a rare commensal organism, Corynebacterium non-Jeikeium, which resolved after removing ventriculo-peritoneal shunt, appropriate antibiotics and conversion to a ventriculo-atrial shunt.

Conclusion:

Cerebrospinal fluid ascites is a rare complication of VP shunts and since 1976 only 8 cases of Corynebacterium non jk VP shunt infections have been reported in the literature but none associated with ascites. Also this report highlights the beneficial role of transjugular portal pressure measurements in the evaluation of ascites.
Development of the COMIC Model for the comprehensive evaluation of integrated care interventions
Authors: Busetto Loraine , Luijkx Katrien , Vrijhoef Hubertus Johannes Maria
Published: July 2016

Objective

To develop a model for the comprehensive evaluation of integrated care interventions that provides insights into when, why and how successful outcomes can be achieved.

Methods

A preliminary model was developed based on the Context + Mechanism + Outcome Model and further developed based on its application to a literature review, two case studies and an expert questionnaire. The COMIC Model for studying the Context, Outcomes and Mechanisms of Integrated Care interventions interventions assumes that an intervention is introduced using certain mechanisms (categorised according to the Chronic Care Model), which are met with particular context factors (described by barriers and facilitators and categorised according to the Implementation Model), which combined, contribute to specific outcomes (categorised by the WHO dimensions of quality of care).

Results

Application of the COMIC model to the literature review and expert questionnaires did not allow for statements to be made about the relationships between mechanisms, context and outcomes. Application to the two case studies made it possible to (1) comprehensively analyse the mechanisms, context and outcomes of the specific case, (2) to make the relationships between the mechanisms, context and outcomes within each case visible, and (3) to compare the two cases to each other in a systematic way that added value to the analysis.

Discussion

Using the COMIC Model makes it possible to comprehensively study the interplay of the mechanisms, context and outcomes of integrated care interventions and thereby provides insights into when, why and how integrated care contributes to improved outcomes.
Ethnic Identity and Familism Among Latino College Students
Authors: Stein Gabriela L. , Rivas-Drake Deborah , Camacho Tissyana C.
Published: July 2016

The present study examined the longitudinal associations among familism respect and obligations values, ethnic centrality and private regard, and ethnic self-identification. Data were drawn from a socioeconomically diverse sample of Latino students attending a predominantly White university. The selection of a White label was associated with less positive private regard, less ethnic centrality, and less strong endorsement of familism respect and obligation values at the start of the academic year compared to those students who selected a national origin label. There was a complex relationship between ethnic identity and familism values over time. Ethnic centrality supported the growth in familism respect values across time, but familism respect values also predicted later growth in ethnic private regard. Our results highlight the fact that ethnic identity processes and familial cultural values can mutually influence each other in emerging adulthood for Latinos.
A Surgical Model of Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis With Histological and Gait Validation
Authors: Zahoor Talal , Mitchell Reed , Bhasin Priya , Schon Lew , Zhang Zijun
Published: July 2016

Background:

Posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is secondary to an array of joint injuries. Animal models are useful tools for addressing the uniqueness of PTOA progression in each type of joint injury and developing strategies for PTOA prevention and treatment.

Hypothesis:

Intra-articular fracture induces PTOA pathology.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Through a parapatellar incision, the medial tibial plateau was exposed in the left knees of 8 Sprague-Dawley rats. Osteotomy at the midpoint between the tibial crest and the outermost portion of the medial tibial plateau, including the covering articular cartilage, was performed using a surgical blade. The fractured medial tibial plateau was fixed with 2 needles transversely. The fractured knees were not immobilized. Before and after surgery, rat gait was recorded. Rats were sacrificed at week 8, and their knees were harvested for histology.

Results:

After intra-articular fracture, the affected limbs altered gait from baseline (week 0). In the first 2 weeks, the gait of the operated limbs featured a reduced paw print intensity and stride length but increased maximal contact and stance time. Reduction of maximal and mean print area and duty cycle (the percentage of stance phase in a step) was present from week 1 to week 5. Only print length was reduced in weeks 7 and 8. At week 8, histology of the operated knees demonstrated osteoarthritic pathology. The severity of the PTOA pathology did not correlate with the changes of print length at week 8.

Conclusion:

Intra-articular fracture of the medial tibial plateau effectively induced PTOA in rat knees. During PTOA development, the injured limbs demonstrated characteristic gait.

Clinical Relevance:

Intra-articular fracture represents severe joint injury and associates with a high rate of PTOA. This animal model, with histologic and gait validations, can be useful for future studies of PTOA prevention and early diagnosis.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using a Combination of Autograft and Allograft Tendon
Authors: Darnley James E. , Léger-St-Jean Benjamin , Pedroza Angela D. , Flanigan David C. , Kaeding Christopher C. , Magnussen Robert A.
Published: July 2016

Background:

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with hamstring autografts less than 8.5 mm in diameter is associated with worse patient-reported outcome scores and increased risk of revision surgery compared with reconstructions performed with larger grafts. One proposed solution to small autograft harvest is to create a hybrid graft by augmenting autografts with allograft tissue to increase graft diameter.

Purpose:

To compare hybrid autograft/allograft ACL reconstruction to autograft ACL reconstruction, specifically analyzing the patient-reported outcome scores and the risk of revision surgery at 2 years postoperative.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

From the years 2002 to 2009, a total of 34 patients were identified from a prospectively collected database as having undergone hybrid ACL reconstruction. Twenty-seven of 34 (79.4%) patients had a 2-year follow-up. These 27 patients were matched by age (within 1 year) and sex to 27 patients who underwent hamstring autograft ACL reconstruction during the same period. At the 2-year mark, revision surgery risk and patient-reported outcome scores were compared between the 2 groups.

Results:

The mean age for the hybrid and matched groups (±SD) was 20.9 ± 7.0 years. Both the hybrid and control groups had 17 males and 10 females. There was no significant difference in preoperative patient-reported outcome scores, meniscus tears, or cartilage lesions between the 2 groups. Graft size was larger in the hybrid group (9.5 ± 0.6 mm) than in the autograft group (8.4 ± 0.9 mm) ( P < .001). At 2 years postoperative, patient-reported outcome scores were similar between the hybrid and autograft groups. Revision surgery was required in 5 (18.5%) patients who underwent hybrid reconstruction compared with 2 (7.4%) of those who underwent autograft reconstruction ( P = .26).

Conclusion:

Patients who undergo ACL reconstruction with hybrid hamstring grafts and hamstring autografts report similar patient-reported outcome scores at 2 years postoperative but may be at increased risk for revision ACL reconstruction.
INR Stability, Clinical Importance, and Predictors in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Venous Thromboembolism Receiving Vitamin K Antagonists
Authors: White C. Michael
Published: July 2016

Objective: Compare and contrast systematic reviews/meta-analyses assessing the time in the therapeutic range (TTR) for vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), clinical impact, and predictors. Data Sources: OVID MEDLINE search (1980-June 1, 2016) using the terms “vitamin K antagonist or warfarin” and “systematic review or meta-analysis” with backwards citation tracking from procured articles. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Search results were limited to systematic reviews assessing TTR with VKAs in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) or venous thromboembolism (VTE). Data Synthesis: Six systematic reviews assessed TTR (4 in AF, 2 in VTE), and 3 of those assessed control at the time of a thrombotic or bleeding event (2 in AF, 1 in VTE). In patients on VKAs, greater TTR is correlated with fewer thromboembolic events and bleeding complications. VKA naïve patients have a harder time maintaining TTR than those with a previous knowledge of the likely therapeutic dose. Patients in the United States spend less TTR than those in other countries. Randomized clinical trials and anticoagulation clinics achieve greater TTR than those treated outside of these settings. The overall TTR has not improved from the first systematic reviews to the newest ones even though they were conducted 10 years apart and contained many new studies. Also, TTR in AF and VTE is similar. Conclusions: TTR is an important metric of VKA efficacy and safety and needs to be optimized. Many factors such as being VKA naïve can compromise TTR, and the use of anticoagulation clinics to optimize therapy is an important approach.