bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Step Change in Drilling Efficiency Using Remote Operations
Authors: Mathur Rohit Kumar , Macpherson John , Krueger Sven , Goel Ashish
Published: April 2020

Rotary steerable drilling systems are highly automated with inclination and azimuthal hold modes. These systems require only sparse communication downlinks to hold to a well plan or to compensate for geological "drift". Mud pulse transmission is one of the most complex communications technologies in any industry, yet measurement-while-drilling (MWD) companies have developed reliable bi-directional telemetry systems. The focus here has been on pulse generation and sophisticated decoding systems, able to detect signals, automatically, at a very low signal-to-noise ratio.

Combining downhole automation and automatic mud pulse decoding with remote operations technologies delivers the technical-basis for unmanned MWD and directional drilling (DD) services. The infrastructure for unmanned services is a reliable surface communications network that connects the rig site with the remote operations center, and the realization that unmanned operations needs a new organizational structure for subject matter experts (SME's), in this case the MWD and DD engineers.

This paper describes the now mature unmanned MWD and DD services (remote operations) in the US Land arena. These unconventional wells can reach in excess of a mile a day (so-called, MAD wells) with record footage in excess of 9,000 feet in a single 24-hour period. It will also describe the SME structure to deliver remote operations, and the key-role SMEs play in realizing unmanned operations. For example, moving directional drillers from the wellsite and into operator offices greatly improves decision-making.

The paper will also examine the role of automation and digital technologies within this construct, especially how they will allow the unmanned model to migrate towards complex wells. Automated trajectory drilling systems, in which the rotary steerables can automatically correct for geologic drift, is the next step in downhole automation, soon to be followed by automated geosteering. Unmanned remote operations have only been around for a couple of years, but already operators are realizing efficiency and performance as they take advantage of a real-time digital infrastructure.
Vigdis Booster Station - Next Generation Booster Project
Authors: Helmers Per Bloch , Wadel-Andersen Fredrik , Langedal Terje , Melheim Trond
Published: April 2020

The Vigdis Booster station project was sanctioned in November 2018. It is the first project in Equinor’ s project portfolio which has implemented the standardization principles for subsea booster stations.

The Vigdis Subsea Bosting System (North Sea) is currently in execution. This will be the first multiphase boosting system with all electric control system and in addition we are also producing to and controlling the system from two different hosts. The pump is using the new HV motor, simplifying and reducing costs of the system.

The boosting system will comprise of a foundation structure with trawl protection, a manifold module for connection to flow lines, a boosting pump module and an umbilical termination assembly.

Production on the Vigdis Field is currently limited by the capacity in the production lines and pressure drop across the topside chokes. Reservoir deliverability is limited by low reservoir pressure in some parts of the field, together with increasing water cut, leading to reduced energy into the system i.e. dropping wellhead pressures. Pressure support for the reservoirs is provided by the aquifers and by water injection.

OneSubsea's scope is to engineer, procure and construct (EPC) a Pump Station including a Manifold Foundation and Protection structure and a Pump System including topside equipment, umbilical and the pump module. The Vigdis Booster Station (VBS) will be tied into the LP and HP-lines from Vigdis B template to Snorre A (SNA) unit. In addition, the production from H template will be tied in as well as provisions for tie-in of a future prospect.

Power to the booster station will be supplied from Snorre B (SNB) via an 18 km power umbilical being hung off from a slot on the existing riser balcony at the south east corner of installation.

The solution is based on an All-Electric control system eliminating need for hydraulic lines for control. Another feature in the Vigdis subsea pump solution is to apply an 8.7 KV HV motor and thereby eliminate the need for subsea transformer and reducing investment cost benchmarked to similar subsea projects.
Cemented Casings Collapse Resistance Enhancement: Full-Scale Experience
Authors: Zambetti Raffaello , Bianchini Luca Paolo , Parrozza Fabio , Gibilterra Valentina , Orlando Loredana , Malesani Simone , Codognotto Ivan , Novelli Paolo
Published: April 2020

Casing collapse resistance is one of the key factors in well integrity design especially for production casings and the aim of the current study is investigating the physical phenomena that define the mechanism of failure in presence of two concentric cemented casing strings.

Collapse load mode, especially in specific conditions, becomes the governing load of the well.

Typical examples are salt or other creeping formations, which represent the most difficult load combinations to design and analyze. Salt creeping movements create three loading mechanisms that may result in a production casing failure: uniform loading, non-uniform loading and shear loading. The current oil industry approach, to deal with salt formations, is using two casing strings or either an individual "high collapse" casing column.

This paper describes results of a joint activity between Eni and Tenaris aimed at evaluating on full field scale the combined collapse resistance of two casing strings in three different cementing configurations.

The experiment consists of two different laboratory test set-ups. The first set is a collapse test, performed in a high-pressure vessel under hydrostatic conditions, to reproduce salt distributed Uniform Loading. Meanwhile the second test set, which is one of the first worldwide experiments of its kind, reproduces punctual Non-Uniform and Shear Loading. This second test is conducted with a mechanical press equipped with an ad-hoc designed indenting tool. The scope of the tool is to reproduce the effect of hard formation inclusions, in salt layers, acting on the casing's external surface. Test set-up and specimen's geometric configuration are optimized by specifically developed FEA analyses. To simulate real stress conditions, as the ones found in the well, tests are performed on different specimen configurations.

The base configuration consists of perfectly concentric casings with standard cement slurry in the annulus. Moreover, a configuration with 10% stand-off is also tested. At last, a configuration simulating the effect of contaminated cement or poor cement job is evaluated. The latter allows a better cement contribution assessment to final collapse resistance.

The results of the first set of experiments allows empirically defining a coefficient, "K-value", used to define collapse resistance of the assembly; the second set provides an indication about the entire system resistance to punctual loads and cement sheath integrity. Purpose of these tests is to extend the outcomes to several casing sizes thru the utilization of FEA model.

The obtained result of full-scale experiments is the way forward to better understand the collapse phenomena and approach the casing design for "pipe in pipe" cemented strings, with a significant impacts on well final cost and integrity.
The Semisubmersible Floating Production System: From Argyll to Appomattox
Authors: D'Souza Richard B. , Basu Shiladitya , Bhaumik Tirtharaj
Published: April 2020

This paper is part of the special OTC session "Floating Memories-Look Back to Leap Forward" intended as a historic retrospective of the evolution of the four major types of floating production platforms: Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO), Semisubmersible (FPS), Tension Leg Platform (TLP) and Spar, from their inception to the present day. The session includes a look ahead to the future of these floating platforms and what it will take to sustain their commercial viability as they adapt to headwinds from continuous volatility of oil and gas prices and competition from onshore tight oil projects.

This paper's focus is the Semisubmersible Floating Production System (FPS). It chronicles the forty five year progression of FPS technology from its humble beginnings in 1975 as a converted Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit (MODU) deployed on the Argyll field in the North Sea in 80 m of water, to Appomattox, the most recent FPS, that began production in 2019 in 2250 m of water in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) . It also touches briefly on the evolution of the FPS hull, mooring and riser systems and addresses future trends and prospects.

From Argyll to Appomattox
Periocular basal cell carcinoma - clinical perspectives
Authors: Furdova Alena , Kapitanova Karolina , Kollarova Alexandra , Sekac Juraj
Published: April 2020

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) as a non-melanoma skin cancer type is the most common malignant tumor throughout the world. The incidence is higher in age over 60. The intense of exposure to ultraviolet radiation is one of the known risk factors. Over 50% of BCC of the periocular region initially occur on the lower lid and inner angle. Literature review of treatment options for basal cell carcinoma, which consist of surgery, or combined techniques plus vismodegib, radiotherapy and imiquimod. The first consideration for treatment of periocular BCC is radical surgical excision using Mohs micrographic technique. Functional and esthetic outcome in patients are important after clear excisions and reconstruction should be carefully considered. Radical exenteration is considered in the case of orbital invasion of high-risk aggressive BCC.
[First successful nesting of the Bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus) in Piedmont since the beginning of the reintroduction project in the Alps]
Authors: Chiereghin Maurizio , Sartirana Fabiano
Published: April 2020

[In 2019, 57 Bearded vulture territories (Gypaetus barbatus) were counted in the Alps, 15 of which in Italy: 9 in the Stelvio National Park and in the Venosta Valley, 5 in the Aosta Valley inside and close by the Gran Paradiso National Park and 1 in the Lanzo Valleys, in the Province of Turin (Piedmont). Here, we deal with the latter territory, where the local couple has successfully reproduced and one young fledged on 18th August 2019. This event represents the first successful reproduction of the species in Piedmont since the beginning of the international reintroduction project, undertaken in 1976 and from the first releases of animals born in captivity since 1986].

 

[Article in Italian]
Restraint of domestic animals
Authors: Williams J. H.
Published: April 2020

No abstract available.
Veterinary applied pharmacology and therapeutics
Authors: Immelman A.
Published: April 2020

No abstract available
Knowledge, pattern and determinants of the use of skin-lightening creams among University Undergraduates in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Adebimpe Wasiu Olalekan , Omobuwa Olubukunola , Ibirongbe Demilade , Efuntoye Adeola
Published: April 2020

Background:

Fair skin has been associated with beauty and sexual attraction. Aggressive marketing of skin-lightening products to unsuspecting members of the general population continues despite their numerous side effects.

Aim:

This study assessed the knowledge and pattern of the use of skin-lightening creams (SLCs) among undergraduates in Osun State, Southwestern Nigeria.

Methods:

This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study among University undergraduates. Three hundred undergraduates were selected using multistage sampling method. The research instrument used was a semi-structured, self-administered, pretested questionnaire. Data were analysed using the SPSS version 23.0 software.

Results:

The mean age of the students was 21.0 (±3.4) years. Most (283, i.e., 94.3%) of the students were aware of SLCs, with the Internet being the most common source of information. About 69.0% had good knowledge, while 67.0% had a poor attitude towards the use of SLC. Eighty-one (27.0%) respondents knew that SLC had side effects, 114 (38.0%) had ever used SLC, 69 (60.5%) still use SLC now, while 45 (39.5%) have stopped. Among those who had ever used, 108 (94.7%) said that they knew the chemical ingredient in SLC, 34 (29.8%) usually checked the label before use, 108 (94.7%) usually obtained SLC products from the supermarkets/shops. Predictors of the use of SLC in this study were female and age older than 19 years.

Conclusion:

Good knowledge but poor attitude characterised the significant proportion of SLC users under the study, and this underscored the need for improved public awareness in this regard and targeting this young, vulnerable population.
The Berenstein–Zelevinsky quantum cluster algebra conjecture
Authors: Goodearl Kenneth R. , Yakimov M. T.
Published: April 2020

We prove the Berenstein–Zelevinsky conjecture that the quantized coordinate rings of the double Bruhat cells of all finite-dimensional connected, simply connected simple algebraic groups admit quantum cluster algebra structures with initial seeds as specified by [5]. We furthermore prove that the corresponding upper quantum cluster algebras coincide with the constructed quantum cluster algebras and exhibit a large number of explicit quantum seeds. Along the way a detailed study of the properties of quantum double Bruhat cells from the viewpoint of noncommutative UFDs is carried out and a quantum analog of the Fomin–Zelevinsky twist map is constructed and investigated for all double Bruhat cells. The results are valid over base fields of arbitrary characteristic and the deformation parameter is only assumed to be a non-root-of-unity.
Преобразование рядов Фурье
с помощью обобщенно монотонных последовательностей
Authors: Jumabayeva Ainur Amangel'dyevna , Simonov Boris Vitalevich
Published: April 2020

Получены оценки норм и наилучших приближений
обобщенной производной Лиувилля-Вейля в двумерном случае.
Библиография: 34 названия.
О нильпотентной аппроксимируемости
групп с одним определяющим соотношением
Authors: Moldavanskii David Ionovich
Published: April 2020

Описаны все группы из семейства групп Баумслага-Солитэра, т.е. групп вида $G(m,n)=\langle a, b; a^{-1}b^ma=b^n \rangle$ (где $m$ и $n$ - ненулевые целые числа), для которых условие аппроксимируемости нильпотентными группами выполняется тогда и только тогда, когда для некоторого простого числа $p$ выполнено условие аппроксимируемости конечными $p$-группами. Оказалось, в частности, что группа $G(p^r,-p^r)$, где $p$ - нечетное простое число и $r\geqslant 1$, аппроксимируема нильпотентными группами и не является аппроксимируемой конечными $q$-группами ни для какого простого числа $q$. Тем самым, получен ответ на вопрос о существовании обладающих таким свойством нециклических групп с одним определяющим соотношением, сформулированный Мак-Кароном в работе 1996 года. Приведено также простое доказательство анонсированного там же утверждения об аппроксимируемости конечными $p$-группами для некоторого простого числа $p$ произвольной аппроксимируемой нильпотентными группами нециклической группы с одним определяющим соотношением, имеющей элементы конечного порядка.
Библиография: 11 названий.
Асимптотика спектра атома водорода
в ортогональных электрическом и магнитном полях
вблизи нижних границ спектральных кластеров
Authors: Migaeva A S , Pereskokov Alexandr Vadimovich
Published: April 2020

Рассматривается задача об эффекте Зеемана-Штарка для атома водорода
в электромагнитном поле с использованием неприводимых представлений
алгебры с квадратичными коммутационными соотношениями
Карасева-Новиковой. Найдена асимптотика
серии собственных значений и асимптотические собственные функции
вблизи нижних границ резонансных спектральных кластеров,
которые образуются около уровней энергии
невозмущенного атома водорода.
Библиография: 14 названий.
О сходимости предельно периодической непрерывной дроби Шура
Authors: Buslaev Viktor Ivanovich
Published: April 2020

В статье показано, что если параметры непрерывной дроби Шура
стремятся к нулю, то функции, к которым сходятся
внутри единичного круга подходящие дроби с четными номерами
и вне единичного круга подходящие дроби с нечетными номерами,
не допускают мероморфного продолжения друг в друга
ни через какую дугу единичной окружности. Этот результат получен
как следствие теоремы о сходимости
предельно периодической непрерывной дроби Шура.
Библиография: 13 названий.
İNSANİ YARDIM LOJİSTİĞİ FAALİYETLERİNDE İNSANSIZ HAVA ARAÇLARININ KULLANIM ALANLARI
Authors: YILMAZ Ümit
Published: April 2020

İster doğal ister insan kaynaklı olsun afet durumunda lojistik, kurtarma operasyonları ve önleyici tedbirler için oldukça önemlidir. İnsani yardım lojistiği; acil durum ve doğal veya insan kaynaklı afetlerden etkilenen ihtiyaç sahiplerine yardım etmek üzere gerekli malzeme, bilgi ve hizmetlerle ilgili lojistik faaliyetlerin etkin ve verimli bir şekilde yönetimidir. İnsani yardım lojistiği ile afet kaynaklı riskler her ne kadar tamamen ortadan kaldırılamasa da en aza indirilebilir. Bu bağlamda insansız hava araçları, afetle mücadele aşamasında etkin bir şekilde kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Günümüzde, insansız hava araçları yoğun olarak afetlerin etkilerini araştırmak, hayatta kalanları bulmak ve altyapı hasarlarını değerlendirmek amacıyla kullanılmaktadır. Çeşitli dar boğazları olsa da insansız hava araçları bunlara ek olarak afetlerde ihtiyaç değerlendirmelerinin yapılması ve değerlendirmeler sonucunda gereksinim duyulan tıbbi malzeme, yiyecek ve diğer insani eşyaların dağıtımının yapılması gibi faaliyetlerle de anılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, insani yardım lojistiği faaliyetlerinde insansız hava araçlarının kullanım alanlarının ve öneminin belirlenmesidir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda gerekli bilgi, alan yazın taraması yöntemi ile elde edilmiştir.
DISEÑO DE UN BIORREACTOR PARA LA PRODUCCIÓN INDUSTRIAL DE VINAGRE DE MANZANA
Authors: Brito-Terán Jorge , García Valery , Intriago-Intriago Lorena , Vélez Carla , Zambrano Génesis , Rosero Ernesto
Published: April 2020

El ácido acético tiene una gran importancia ya que se utiliza como aromatizante en ensaladas y otros alimentos, y debido a su acidez, también se emplea en la elaboración de encurtidos, por esta razón la presente investigación tiene como objetivo el diseño de un biorreactor para la producción industrial de vinagre de manzana, teniendo en cuenta las diversas variables que se puedan presentar, lo cual garantiza un mayor rendimiento de producción. El método empleado para el proceso de fermentación acética es el método Orleans, para poder así determinar los coeficientes de la ecuación de cultivo celular, los coeficientes de rendimientos del proceso, balance de materia y energía del proceso, y de esta forma desarrollar los cálculos para un diseño del biorreactor. Los resultados obtenidos fueron un YP/Smax=1,95 y un YB/Smax=5,342 con un diseño de biorreactor con 0,14 m3 y con una altura de 1 m, con lo que se pudo llegar a concluir que las bacterias transformaron el 60% del sustrato alcohólico, lo cual es referente para generar una propuesta del diseño de un biorreactor a escala industrial. Palabras clave: biorreactor, vinagre, fermentación, ácido acético.
Análisis de incertidumbre de las proyecciones climáticas en relación a las aportaciones históricas en la Cuenca del Júcar
Authors: Suárez-Almiñana S. , Solera A. , Andreu J. , García-Romero L.
Published: April 2020

En este estudio se pretende evaluar el efecto del cambio climático en las aportaciones futuras de la Cuenca del Júcar (este de España) y la incertidumbre asociada a ellas, entendiendo como tal la relacionada con la toma de decisiones en el manejo de las proyecciones climáticas durante todo el proceso evaluado. Para ello se seleccionaron variables meteorológicas de 9 proyecciones climáticas pertenecientes a los escenarios de emisión 4.5 y 8.5, se corrigió el sesgo y se introdujeron en un modelo hidrológico para la simulación de caudales. Finalmente, se evaluó el impacto mediante la comparación de los caudales futuros con el periodo histórico. Dependiendo de los datos históricos que manejemos, el cambio de los caudales futuros puede oscilar de media entre -8% y -28% para final de siglo. Sin embargo, si se tiene en cuenta la posibilidad de comparar con un periodo que represente la situación actual de la cuenca, este cambio se estima entre a un -8% y -13%, permitiendo así obtener conclusiones más concretas sobre el futuro de los recursos hídricos en esta cuenca.

 
La periferia en la ciudad alemana: de la ciudad-jardín a la Siedlung moderna
Authors: Bosch Abarca Jorge
Published: April 2020

This article examines how the most recognisable urban forms of the Siedlung in the first postwar period in Germany were influenced by previous experiences in the construction of the urban periphery involving the company town and the garden city. The adaptation of these peripheral settlements – in which the desired balance between the country house and the urban dwelling was achieved by introducing terraced housing – to meet certain requirements of sufficient density to satisfy the growing demand for small dwellings was to determine the final configuration of the “modern Siedlung,” the settlement characteristic of the expansion of the large German city in the 1920s. An urban form that was to combat the housing shortage problem by providing systematic, medium-density housing groups consisting mainly of linear buildings several storeys high integrated with the open space in a remarkable balance between building and nature. On the basis of original sources from that period, this text addresses noteworthy aspects of this evolution towards a spatial, functional and aesthetic shaping of the collective accommodation characteristic of a Modernist German urbanism which still deserves to be taken into consideration in the current discussion about urban density.
Bunshaft’s showcase: exploración sobre el edificio vitrina. Feria Mundial, 1939
Authors: Parga Andrea
Published: April 2020

The Venezuelan Pavilion was one of Gordon Bunshaft's first projects for Skidmore & Owings. It was a large showcase, an airy place, a rectangle with glass walls. The exhibition was ordered between the glass perimeter and the plane on which the map of Venezuelan geography was placed. The exhibition accompanied the passage to the restaurant terrace and the tropical garden. With the success of the setup, the author architect and his team recognized the need to keep the influence of this approach in the shops and lobbies of their future buildings. For this reason, it was sought to deepen on how glazed planes improve both the internal space and the surrounding environment. Attempts have been made to reveal what Bunshaft pursues by exploring the attributes of glass sheets in his projects and reflecting on the “visual display” involved in the role of glass curtains “in and from” the pavilion. The study showed that to take heed of what is known “will be visible,” has brought a renewed perspective on the opportunities offered by the use of glass in architecture.
España 92: arquitectura y ciudad. José Ramón Alonso Pereira (comp). Diseño Editorial
Authors: Alba Dorado María Isabel
Published: April 2020

En 1992, gracias a la confluencia de tres eventos de carácter internacional —la Exposición Universal de Sevilla, la Capitalidad Cultural Europea de Madrid y los Juegos Olímpicos de Barcelona— España se convirtió en centro del mundo. Estos acontecimientos provocaron que la arquitectura española se proyectara hacia el exterior y que se valorara fuera de nuestras fronteras. Así son presentados, desde distintas perspectivas críticas, los tres focos de la España 92, acompañándose de varios análisis transversales de diversos aspectos, desde el diseño hasta las grandes transformaciones urbanas, explicando cómo extendieron su influjo a la totalidad del territorio español, con el objetivo de mostrar las presencias y ausencias de su legado arquitectónico.
Scattered coal is the largest source of ambient volatile organic compounds during the heating season in Beijing
Authors: Shi Yuqi , Xi Ziyan , Simayi Maimaiti , Li Jing , Xie Shaodong
Published: April 2020

Abstract. We identified scattered coal burning as the largest contributor to ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs), exceeding traffic-related emissions, during the heating season in Beijing prior to the rigorous emission limitations enacted in 2017. However, scattered coal is underestimated in emission inventories generally, because the activity data are incompletely recorded in official energy statistics. Results of positive matrix factorization (PMF) models confirmed that coal burning was the largest contributor to VOC concentrations prior to the emission limitations of 2017, and a reduction in scattered coal combustion, especially in rural residential sector, was the primary factor in the observed decrease in ambient VOCs and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation potential in urban Beijing after 2017. Scattered coal burning was included in a corrected emission inventory and we obtained comparable results between this corrected inventory and PMF analyses, particularly for the non-control period. However, a refined source sub-classification showed that passenger car exhaust, petrochemical manufacturing, gas stations, traffic evaporation, traffic equipment manufacturing, painting, and electronics manufacturing are also contributors to ambient VOCs. These sources should focus on future emission reduction strategies and targets in Beijing. Moreover, in other region with scattered coal-based heating, scattered coal burning is still the key factor to improve the air quality in winter.
Probing key organic substances driving new particle growth initiated by iodine nucleation in coastal atmosphere
Authors: Wan Yibei , Huang Xiangpeng , Jiang Bin , Kuang Binyu , Lin Manfei , Xia Deming , Liao Yuhong , Chen Jingwen , Yu Jianzhen , Yu Huan
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Unlike the deep understanding of highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) driving continental new particle formation (NPF), little is known about the organics involved in coastal and open ocean NPF. On the coastline of China we observed intense coastal NPF events initiated by iodine nucleation, but particle growth to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) sizes was dominated by organic compounds. This article revealed a new group of C18,30HhOoNn and C20,24,28,33HhOo compounds with specific double bond equivalents and oxygen atom numbers in sub-20 nm coastal iodine new particles by using ultrahigh resolution Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS). We proposed these compounds are oxygenated or nitrated products of long chain unsaturated fatty acids, fatty alcohols, non-protein amino acids or amino alcohols emitted mutually with iodine from coastal biota or biological-active sea surface. Group contribution method estimated that the addition of −ONO2, −OH and −C = O groups to the precursors reduced their volatility of by 2~7 orders of magnitude and thus made their products condensable onto iodine new particles in the coastal atmosphere. Non-target MS analysis also provided a list of 440 formulas of iodinated organic compounds in size-resolved aerosol samples during the iodine NPF days, which facilitates the understanding of unknown aerosol chemistry of iodine.
Reconstructing the distribution of surface mass balance over East Antarctica (DML) from 1850 to present day
Authors: Ghilain Nicolas , Vannitsem Stéphane , Dalaiden Quentin , Goosse Hugues
Published: April 2020

Over recent decades, the Antarctic Ice Sheet has witnessed large spatial variations at its surface through the surface mass balance (SMB). Since the complex Antarctic topography, working at high resolution is crucial to represent accurately the dynamics of SMB. While ice cores provide a mean to infer the SMB over centuries, the view is very spatially constrained. Global Climate models estimate the spatial distribution of SMB over centuries, but with a too coarse resolution with regards to the large variations due to local orographic effects. We have therefore explored a methodology to statistically downscale the SMB components from the climate model historical simulations (1850-present day). An analogue method is set up over a period of 30 years with the ERA-Interim reanalysis (1979-2010 AD) and associated with SMB components from the Regional Atmospheric Climate Model (RACMO) at 5 km spatial resolution over Dronning Maud in East Antarctica. The same method is then applied to the period from 1850 to present days using an ensemble of 10 simulations from the CESM2 model. This method enables to derive a spatial distribution of SMB. In addition, the changes in precipitation delivery mechanisms can be unveiled.
Isotopic and chromatographic fingerprinting of the sources of dissolved organic carbon in a shallow coastal aquifer
Authors: Meredith Karina T. , Baker Andy , Andersen Martin S. , O'Carroll Denis M. , Rutlidge Helen , McDonough Liza K. , Oudone Phetdala , Bryan Eliza , Zainuddin Nur Syahiza
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The terrestrial subsurface is the largest source of
freshwater globally. The organic carbon contained within it and processes
controlling its concentration remain largely unknown. The global median
concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in groundwater is low
compared to surface waters, suggesting significant processing in the
subsurface. Yet the processes that remove this DOC in groundwater are not
fully understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the different
sources and processes influencing DOC in a shallow anoxic coastal aquifer.
Uniquely, this study combines liquid chromatography organic carbon detection
with organic (δ13CDOC) carbon isotope geochemical
analyses to fingerprint the various DOC sources that influence the
concentration, carbon isotopic composition, and character with respect to distance from
surface water sources, depth below surface, and inferred groundwater
residence time (using 3H activities) in groundwater. It was found that
the average groundwater DOC concentration was 5 times higher
(5 mg L−1) than the global median concentration and that the concentration doubled
with depth at our site, but the chromatographic character did not change
significantly. The anoxic saturated conditions of the aquifer limited the
rate of organic matter processing, leading to enhanced preservation and
storage of the DOC sources from peats and palaeosols contained within the
aquifer. All groundwater samples were more aromatic for their molecular
weight in comparison to other lakes, rivers and surface marine samples
studied. The destabilization or changes in hydrology, whether by
anthropogenic or natural processes, could lead to the flux of up to 10 times
more unreacted organic carbon from this coastal aquifer compared to
deeper inland aquifers.
Teaching Cultural Competency through Global Health Education at Weill Cornell Medicine
Authors: Norris Katharine-Grace , Noonan Caitlin , Ying Roger , Kenney Claire T. , Huang Jennifer , Lubor Brienne , Kopparam Rohini , Beideck Elena , Patel Priyanka , Finkel Madelon L.
Published: April 2020

Background: Educating medical students to better understand the complexities of cultural competence, the social determinants and environmental determinants of health that are important and integral components of the medical school curriculum.

Methods: In 2014, Weill Cornell Medicine (WCM) implemented a new curriculum, the adoption of which provided the means to enhance an existing global health program, informally introduced in 2009, and to address the issues of cultural competency. In this article, we share WCM’s experience in building and expanding its global health curriculum.

Results: A hallmark of our program is the successful collaboration between students and faculty to create a multi-disciplinary global health program that incorporates electives, clinical field placement, and collaborative research.

Conclusion: Key lessons learned through our experience include the necessity for strong faculty-student collaboration, full support from the administration, and building global partnerships. Our example could be a useful guide for other medical schools seeking to establish a global health education curriculum.
COVID-19 amongst the Pandemic of Medical Student Mental Health
Authors: Komer Leah
Published: April 2020

The medical community has been greatly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.  As medical students, we face unique challenges and uncertainty during this time.  While the world gears up to fight the battle with this physical illness, our battle with mental health should not be forgotten.  Medical students are disproportionately affected by mental health issues and psychological distress.  This experience piece aims to shed light on these challenges and provoke a discussion around mental health in medical students during these trying times.
The Utility of Online Resources in Times of COVID-19: A Mexican Medical Student Point of View
Authors: Pacheco Carrillo Aldo Mijail
Published: April 2020

We live in an unprecedented time, the covid19 outbreak has paralyzed the world including medical students. They remain in quarantine in the hope that the pandemic will end. The Latin America countries are particularly affected by their lack of resources and the time when medical students return to the universities is lengthening. Meanwhile the use of online platforms to resume the classes and the variety of online courses to complement the learning seems promising and should be more widely disseminated.
Being In-Between and Becoming Undone: Bardos, Heterotopias, and Nepantla
Authors: Locke Jessica
Published: April 2020

In this article I examine views of groundlessness that appear in three very different philosophical traditions: bardo teachings in Tibetan Buddhism, Michel Foucault's heterotopia, and Gloria Anzaldúa's nepantla. While each of these concepts is formulated in response to specific psychological, philosophical, and political questions, I argue that they each describe—in intimate, first-personal terms—experiences of rupture or dissolution of one's own selfhood and/or thought. Using this formulation of groundlessness as a lens for reading these three concepts alongside one another, I offer a descriptive analysis of each of them, drawing out the moral-psychological ramifications of the nonfoundationalist claim that there is no fundamental “ground” to subjectivity or thought. I argue that bardos, heterotopias, and nepantla each exemplify how the rupture of groundless experience can become a vehicle for moral-psychological transformation by serving as an opportunity to recognize the pliability and spaciousness of a dynamic and unfixed selfhood.
Demanding Existence: Dewey and Beauvoir on Habit, Institution, and Freedom
Authors: Bredlau Susan
Published: April 2020

Drawing on John Dewey's discussion of habit in Human Nature and Conduct and Simone de Beauvoir's discussion of the “adventurer” in The Ethics of Ambiguity, I argue that while some of our relations with things and people may very well be instrumental, many take a different form in which it is our very setting, and not merely our attainment, of ends that is at stake. Moreover, the fullest realization of our freedom requires us to recognize not only that this different form of relation, which is cooperative rather than controlling, exists but also that it is constitutive of, rather than in opposition to, our freedom. I conclude by briefly examining how our honest acknowledgment of a kind of powerlessness inherent to our powers, to our freedom, might change the way we interact with other things and other people.
Adorno, Benjamin, and Natural Beauty on “This Sad Earth”
Authors: Daniels Jordan
Published: April 2020

While Theodor Adorno is known for his philosophical reconstruction of aesthetic modernism, he also analyzes—and is critical of—the demotion of natural beauty in the hierarchy of aesthetic concerns following Kant. Recent scholars have acknowledged that natural beauty is important in Adornian aesthetics, but many do so in a manner that repeats the subordination of natural beauty and the aesthetic experience of nature to that of art. Against this tendency, in this article I demonstrate that not only does Adorno contest the inferiority of the aesthetic experience of nature but his unconventional description and theoretical articulation of natural beauty is especially pertinent for our time of climate crisis. By unpacking his endorsement of Walter Benjamin's casting both nature and history in terms of transience, I argue that Adorno proposes an experience of natural beauty that is expressive of social historical content, offers a vision of a different relationship with nature, and discloses ethical claims on us to act in this world.
Science-Fiction Films and “Love”: Toward a Critique of Regressive Social Relations
Authors: Dahms Harry F.
Published: April 2020

In the narrative structure of many science fiction films, “love” is an element whose importance frequently goes unrecognized, especially as far as the intended “message” of particular films as a form of social commentary is concerned. Typically, such messages pertain to troublesome trends in modern societies that have been shaping constellations of business, labor, and government, and which have resulted in the formation of peculiar systems of social relations. While the stability of any society depends on the existence of a specific system of social relations, in modern societies, such systems often are in conflict with the norms and values according to which individuals are expected to live their lives, and are thus, inherently regressive. Christopher Nolan’s Interstellar (2014) and Denis Villeneuve’s Arrival (2016) provide excellent foils for highlighting the workings of regressive social relations, and for the kind of price humans and humankind pay in the process.
The semantics of Spanish compounding: An analysis of NN compounds in the Parallel Architecture
Authors: Toquero-Pérez Luis Miguel
Published: April 2020

Noun-Noun compounds (NN) are a concatenation of two nouns that function as a single unit both morphosyntactically and semantically. Two main challenges that a study of NN compounding faces are (i) identifying the implied semantic relations that hold between the nouns and (ii) explaining why NN compounds are or not productive (i.e. not very frequent) and creative (i.e. impromptu creation) in certain languages. Jackendoff (2009, 2016) proposed a model which considers the semantic relation between the head and modifier as established by an external function F(X, Y). Since Spanish NN compounds are not creative, the aim is to demonstrate whether the model can be applied to Spanish, and if so, identify the most productive basic functions. This can help us determine whether the lack of creativity of NN compounds in Spanish is due to a restricted set of productive functions. Our hypothesis is that only those relations that are productive are creative and are able to satisfy the Principle of Generalized Modification (Snyder 2012, 2016) operating at the syntax-semantics interface. The study also provides a comparison with the semantic relations attested in Spanish N-de-N constructions (i.e. buque de guerra ‘ship of war’ = war ship). Since the latter are very productive and creative, I wonder how well our hypothesis would accommodate to the data. The results indicate that few semantic relations are productive which indicates that only those should be used to interpret novel NN compounds satisfying Generalized Modification. N-de-Ns show a larger amount of functions and although the data falls short to accommodate the hypothesis, impressionistic observations tell us otherwise. Given this asymmetry, our results provide important evidence for blocking effects at the interface: the availability of the NN form blocks the surfacing of the prepositional alternative and viceversa.
Subsurface automated samplers (SAS) for ocean acidification research
Authors: Enochs Ian C , Formel Nathan , Shea Lauren , Chomiak Leah , Piggot Alan , Kirkland Amanda , Manzello Derek
Published: April 2020

Ocean acidification (OA) is the process whereby anthropogenic carbon dioxide is absorbed into seawater, resulting in altered carbonate chemistry and a decline in pH. OA will negatively impact numerous marine organisms, altering the structure and function of entire ecosystems. The progression
of OA, while faster than has occurred in recent geological history, has been subtle and detection may be complicated by high variability in shallow-water environments. Nevertheless, comprehensive monitoring and characterization is important given the scale and severity of the problem. Presently,
technologies used to measure OA in the field are costly and limited by their detection of only one carbonate chemistry parameter, such as pH. Discrete water samples, by contrast, offer a means of measuring multiple components of the carbonate system, including parameters of particular explanatory
value (e.g., total alkalinity, dissolved inorganic carbon), for which field-based sensors do not presently exist. Here we describe the design, use, and performance of a low- cost (<$220 USD) subsurface automated sampler (SAS), suitable for the collection of water for carbonate chemistry
analysis. Each sampler is field-programmable using a remote control, performs in depths up to 55 m seawater, collects two separately preserved samples, and logs temperature at the time of collection. SAS are designed from the ground up to be open source with respect to physical design and
sampling components, electronic hardware, and software. Build instructions, parts lists, and printable 3D files are provided along with code to ultimately lower the cost of OA monitoring, facilitate further research, and encourage application-specific customization.
Strategies for Work-Life Balance for Women in the Academic Profession of Sri Lanka
Authors: Welmilla Indumathi
Published: April 2020

Most researchers are investigating work-life balance as a Human Resource Management tool used to attract, motivate and retain skilled employees rather than focusing on how individuals achieve work and personal life satisfaction when engaging work and family roles. This study shifts the focus from the engagement perspective that is highly beneficial for the organization to an enhancement perspective that increases the quality of personal life. This study aimed to explore and describe strategies for the work-family balance that can potentially contribute to the family wellbeing of women in the academic profession in Sri Lanka.

Semi-structured interviews exploring the experiences of work-life balance were undertaken with thirty women lecturers in state universities in Sri Lanka. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings suggest the following strategies: compartmentalizing and separating roles between work and life, fostering personal relationships, building a professional support system, a better plan schedule, and organization, self–care in terms of personal, physical, and mental health, learning and research-based work environment, effective communication in both domains, and utilization of technology and focus on sacrificing personal life for success. The identified strategies, specifically for the Sri Lankan context and that it does so from the perspective of Sri Lankan women academics.
A Spectral Gradient Projection Method for Sparse Signal Reconstruction in Compressive Sensing
Authors: Abubakar Auwal Bala , Muangchoo Kanikar , Muhammad Auwal , Ibrahim Abdulkarim Hassan
Published: April 2020

In this paper, a new spectral gradient direction is proposed to solve the l1 -regularized convex minimization problem. The spectral parameter of the proposed method is computed as a convex combination of two existing spectral parameters of some conjugate gradient method. Moreover, the spectral gradient method is applied to the resulting problem at each iteration without requiring the Jacobian matrix. Furthermore, the proposed method is shown to have converge globally under some assumptions. Numerically, the proposed method is efficient and robust in terms of its quality in reconstructing sparse signal and low computational cost compared to the existing methods.
Estimation of Diversity of Living Standards in Polish Voivodships in 2003–2013 Using Principal Components for Multidimensional Functional Data and Cluster Analysis
Authors: Krzyśko Mirosław , Majka Agnieszka , Wołyński Waldemar
Published: April 2020

The paper presents an estimation of life standard diversity for residents of Polish voivodships in 2003–2013. The principal component analysis was applied for multidimensional functional data and the dendrite method was used for cluster analysis. These methods made it possible to isolate relatively homogeneous groups of voivodships that had similar values of characteristics under consideration, for the whole period at issue.
“Strong” Turnpike Effect in the Non-Stationary Gale Economy with Limit Technology
Authors: Panek Emil
Published: April 2020

This article, in reference to Panek (2013a) presents proof of the “strong” turnpike theorem in the non-stationary Gale economy with changeable technology convergent to some limit technology. In the proof of the theorem assumption, that production processes efficiency in the economy is the lower the more the investment/input structure in such processes differs the optimum, play significant roles.The paper is part of trend of few works of mathematical economics containing proofs of the turnpike theorems in the non-stationary dynamic Neumann-Gale economic models.
Power Anaysis of Independence Testing for Two-Way Contingency Tables Bigger than 2×2
Authors: Sulewski Piotr
Published: April 2020

In the statistical literature there are many test measures to study the independence features in the two-way contingency tables. For statistical analysis, the family of six so-called “chi-squared statistic” was selected – including Pearson’s χ2 statistics – and the proposal of the author in the form of modu-lar statistics. In order to free themselves from the limitations of the applicability of the “chi-squared statisti c”, critical values for all analyzed statistics were determined by simulation methods of Monte Carlo. In order to compare the tests, the measure of untruthfulness of H0was proposed and calculated the power of the tests which is the ability of two-way contingency tables to reject null hypothesis which says that between features X and Y there is no relation.
Stability and Generalized Competitive Equilibria in a Many-to-Many Gale-Shapley Market Model
Authors: Świtalski Zbigniew
Published: April 2020

We define, for some variant of a many-to-many market model of Gale-Shapley type, a concept of generalized competitive equilibrium and show that, under suitable conditions, stable matchings in such a model can be represented as competitive equilibria allocations (and vice versa). Our results are far-reaching generalizations of the “discrete supply and demand lemma” of Azevedo, Leshno (2011) for the college admissions market.Using the results of Alkan, Gale (2003), we also prove a theorem on existence of generalized equilibria in our model.