bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agonistic behaviour in the long‐snout seahorse: A gentlemanly challenge
Authors: Freret‐Meurer Natalie Villar , Andreata José Vanderli , Alves Maria Alice S.
Published: August 2021

Territorial defence is a relatively common behaviour in reef fish. Aggression typically occurs between individuals of the same sex, given that members of the opposite sex may represent potential breeding partners. Seahorses are cryptic reef fish with typical sedentary behaviour, especially during the male pregnancy. In this context, we investigated the agonistic behaviour of pregnant seahorses, Hippocampus reidi, towards other males, pregnant or not, relating the duration of their interactions to the size and robustness of the resident and intruder. Robustness was measured as the circumference of the brood pouch divided by total body length. The study was based on four alternative treatments, which were monitored in situ: (i) a pregnant male in its home range was exposed to a pregnant intruder male; (ii) a non‐pregnant male in its home range was exposed to a pregnant intruder male; (iii) a pregnant male in its own home range was exposed to a non‐pregnant intruder male, and (iv) a non‐pregnant male in its home range was exposed to a non‐pregnant intruder male. The control to test for the effect of seahorse translocation on later displacement behaviour consisted of male seahorses translocated to an area of 60 m from the capture site and quantification of their displacement range. Low‐level aggressive behaviour was recorded in the trials, although the pregnant males presented dominance behaviour, both within and outside their own home ranges or territories, to expel intruders, while non‐pregnant males avoided interaction. No correlation was found between robustness and either the displacement of the intruder or the duration of the interaction.
Effective implementation of machine learning algorithms using3Dcolour texture feature for traffic sign detection for smart cities
Authors: Vashisht Manisha , Kumar Brijesh
Published: August 2021

In recent past, emerging technology, such as AI has revolutionized progress and advancement of traffic management solutions in context of smart cities. This paper describes a novel approach of using 3D colour‐texture based feature for image detection on public datasets of Chinese traffic sign research database (TSRD) and Mapillary image database. The implementation of 3D colour texture feature for traffic sign detection is evaluated using artificial neural network and multiple other machine learning algorithms as classifier for image detection purposes. Both datasets used in our experiments are considered among most diverse traffic signage datasets globally with annotations of almost all classes. Image datasets have been publicly made available to researchers for academic purposes. For classification of traffic sign images on Chinese TSRD and Mapillary datasets, the result outcome from back‐propagation neural network (NN) classifier outperforms all other and produced best results and under multiple ML algorithms, support vector machines (SVM) cubic has best results. For classification of traffic sign images on Mapillary dataset, the result outcome from rational quadratic Gaussian process regression has best results. Also, the comparisons of results with other similar novel works have also been discussed. The proposed approach outperformed the previous experiments as observed through comparative analysis performed on both datasets. The conclusion of the research work highlights that the image detection performance is noticeably improved by using the combined 3D colour‐texture feature based proposed approach.
Role of memantine in the prophylactic treatment of episodic migraine: A systematic review
Authors: Mistry Vinita M. , Morizio Paige L. , Pepin Marc J. , Bryan William E. , Brown Jamie N.
Published: August 2021

Objective

The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the efficacy and safety of memantine for the prophylactic treatment of episodic migraine.

Background

Migraine is a prevalent chronic disease with significant costs to the health care system. Although various prophylactic treatment options are available, these medications have limitations based on efficacy, potential side effects, and patient preference. Memantine is an N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor antagonist used in dementia treatment that may have potential benefit for migraine prophylaxis.

Methods

A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL databases was conducted to identify relevant published studies through December 2020 using the search terms: migraine disorders, migraine, headache disorders, or headache and memantine. Studies selected for the systematic review included prospective, interventional designs and evaluated memantine for prophylaxis of migraine. Animal studies, case reports, abstracts, review articles, protocols without results, and studies not written in English were excluded. Data were extracted using a standardized systematic process and included author, publication date, study design, sample size, patient characteristics, treatment regimen, clinical efficacy outcomes, and adverse drug effects.

Results

Four articles were identified for inclusion representing two prospective open‐label studies and two randomized, double‐blind trials, evaluating 183 patients on memantine overall. A reduction in number of migraine days and headache severity were shown in all four studies in the participants treated with memantine. The most common adverse effects included somnolence, sedation, and nausea, none of which were severe.

Conclusion

The studies in this review establish that memantine has the potential for use as a treatment option for episodic migraine. Additional long‐term studies using an active comparator would be useful to further elucidate its role.
The CORE study—An adapted mental health experience codesign intervention to improve psychosocial recovery for people with severe mental illness: A stepped wedge cluster randomized‐controlled trial
Authors: Palmer Victoria J. , Chondros Patty , Furler John , Herrman Helen , Pierce David , Godbee Kali , Densley Konstancja , Gunn Jane M.
Published: August 2021

Background

Mental health policies outline the need for codesign of services and quality improvement in partnership with service users and staff (and sometimes carers), and yet, evidence of systematic implementation and the impacts on healthcare outcomes is limited.

Objective

The aim of this study was to test whether an adapted mental health experience codesign intervention to improve recovery‐orientation of services led to greater psychosocial recovery outcomes for service users.

Design

A stepped wedge cluster randomized‐controlled trial was conducted.

Setting and Participants

Four Mental Health Community Support Services providers, 287 people living with severe mental illnesses, 61 carers and 120 staff were recruited across Victoria, Australia.

Main Outcome Measures

The 24‐item Revised Recovery Assessment Scale (RAS‐R) measured individual psychosocial recovery.

Results

A total of 841 observations were completed with 287 service users. The intention‐to‐treat analysis found RAS‐R scores to be similar between the intervention (mean = 84.7, SD= 15.6) and control (mean = 86.5, SD= 15.3) phases; the adjusted estimated difference in the mean RAS‐R score was −1.70 (95% confidence interval: −3.81 to 0.40; p = .11).

Discussion

This first trial of an adapted mental health experience codesign intervention for psychosocial recovery outcomes found no difference between the intervention and control arms.

Conclusions

More attention to the conditions that are required for eight essential mechanisms of change to support codesign processes and implementation is needed.

Patient and Public Involvement

The State consumer (Victorian Mental Illness Awareness Council) and carer peak bodies (Tandem representing mental health carers) codeveloped the intervention. The adapted intervention was facilitated by coinvestigators with lived‐experiences who were coauthors for the trial and process evaluation protocols, the engagement model and explanatory model of change for the trial.
Monitoring and conservation of cryophilous biodiversity: concerns when working with insect populations in vanishing glacial habitats
Authors: Lencioni Valeria , Gobbi Mauro
Published: August 2021

Understanding how insects may respond and adapt to global warming is a major challenge when predicting future biodiversity trends in glacial regions at high altitudes and latitudes of our planet. Hydrobiologists, ecologists, ecotoxicologists, molecular biologists, physiologists, and taxonomists are working together to understand the current changes in and foresee future scenarios of alpine insect populations and habitats.

Thousands of specimens have been collected from remote areas to study the community structure, species phenology and distribution, and the response to environmental changes. Many of these species are at risk of extinction.

In this essay, we raise some burning questions and concerns we would like to share with researchers operating in glacial habitats, in particular, and those working on insect conservation in disappearing habitats, in general: Must we collect many samples and kill many specimens to study spatiotemporal changes in community structure? What is the proportion of individuals captured relative to the actual population size of the species? What are the possible consequences of intensive sampling?

Starting from our experience as ecologists, we appeal to the entomological audience to share our concerns and open a constructive scientific debate on cryophilous insect conservation.
Acetic acid and the skin: a review of vinegar in dermatology
Authors: Elhage Kareem G. , St. Claire Kayla , Daveluy Steven
Published: August 2021

Vinegar is commonly used as a home remedy for many skin problems. It is important for dermatologists to understand the evidence supporting its use in skin disease, as well as potential adverse effects, so they can properly counsel patients on the safe use of this widely available treatment. Vinegar possesses antimicrobial and antioxidant properties that provide utility in wound care as well as bacterial and fungal infections. There is also evidence to support its use in pruritus, head lice removal, and treatment of striae gravidarum. While generally safe, inappropriate use can result in damage to the skin. In this review, we discuss the evidence supporting vinegar as a treatment for skin disease, as well as adverse events reported from misuse, to provide dermatologists the knowledge to counsel patients on the safe and appropriate use of vinegar.
A Review of Clean‐Label Approaches to Chilli Paste Processing
Authors: Jamaluddin Faathirah , Noranizan Mohd Adzahan , Mohamad Azman Ezzat , Mohamad Azizah , Yusof Noor Liyana , Sulaiman Alifdalino
Published: August 2021

Consumer demand for clean‐label food products is increasing. Moreover, the production of ready‐to‐cook products have begun to include clean‐label efforts. Dried chilli, the raw material for chilli paste, is susceptible to contaminants such as mould dirt and pesticides that must be removed to maintain the safety and quality of products. In this review, trends related to processes involved in chilli paste production are highlighted. Improvements in preservation technology and the potential for using a clean‐label approach to produce premium‐quality chilli pastes were explored. Ultrasound washing and high‐pressure processing could be combined as part of a hurdle technique for processing chilli pastes that align with consumer values. Ultrasound washing disinfects and removes dirt pesticides and chemical residues present on dried chillies. High‐pressure treatments inactivate microorganisms and enzymes, which could extend the shelf‐life of chilli pastes. Additionally, organic acid and garlic can be used as natural preservatives to improve the formulation without using artificial ingredients. This clean‐label concept can be integrated into the hurdle strategy to produce chilli paste that fulfils the consumer demand for a safe, naturally nutritional product with an extended shelf‐life.
Upsurge of human rhinovirus infection followed by a delayed seasonal respiratory syncytial virus infection in Thai children during the coronavirus pandemic
Authors: Thongpan Ilada , Vichaiwattana Preeyaporn , Vongpunsawad Sompong , Poovorawan Yong
Published: August 2021

Background

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human rhinovirus (HRV) commonly cause influenza‐like illness in young children. The global coronavirus pandemic beginning in 2020 altered the seasonality and prevalence of these respiratory infections in Thailand. We aimed to characterize the upsurge of HRV and the subsequent RSV infection observed among young children who sought medical care at a hospital in Bangkok.

Methods

From July to December 2020, nasopharyngeal swabs from children ≤5 years of age presented with influenza‐like illness were tested for RSV and HRV using reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction. Positive samples were Sanger sequenced. Genotyping was performed using sequence and phylogenetic analysis.

Results

Upsurge of HRV infection began in July and was subsequently replaced by a surge of RSV infection from September onward. In 6 months, HRV was detected in 27.5% (158/574) of the samples, of which 44% (69/158) were HRV‐A, 7% (11/158) were HRV‐B, and 36% (57/158) were HRV‐C. Meanwhile, RSV was detected in 40.4% (232/574) of the samples, of which 78% (181/232) were RSV‐A and 6% (14/232) were RSV‐B. RSV peaked in October 2020, approximately 2 months later than typically seen in previous years. All RSV‐A were of subgenotype ON1. Codetection of HRV and RSV was found in 5.1% (29/574).

Conclusions

HRV and RSV infection among young children coincided with relaxed local coronavirus public health measures, including the return to in‐class schooling. The delayed RSV season in 2020 was predominantly associated with RSV‐A.
‘Getting Hands On with Other Creative Minds’: Establishing a Community of Practice around Primary Art and Design at the Art Museum
Authors: Noble Kate
Published: August 2021

At a time of widespread concern over the decline of art teaching in schools, this article considers the findings of a practitioner led action research project exploring the potential of art museum and artist‐led CPD (Continued Professional Development) programmes to develop primary teacher knowledge, skills and confidence teaching in art and design. The project involved 68 teachers from over 40 primary schools who were introduced to a Renaissance painting of Cupid and Psyche in a series of training sessions at the museum in early 2019. Schools were then invited to submit art work to an end‐of‐project exhibition which opened in December. Over the course of the year, more than 500 children aged between 4 and 11 visited the museum to look at the painting and more than 3,800 studied it at school using specially created digital learning resources. We draw on survey and email feedback, interviews, blog posts, photographs and artwork collected during the project to discuss how the project provided expert training about art objects, materials and processes and brought teachers together to transform practice and extend pupil outcomes. We also consider how a constructivist pedagogy might encourage more participatory, open ended and playful approaches to teaching art and design to stimulate careful looking, deep thinking, and experimentation with materials and techniques. The article concludes with a discussion of the potential of communities of practice to bring together artists, teachers and art museum professionals to support the development of visual literacy and creativity in children and young people.
Hot air‐assisted continuous infrared dryer for anchovy fish drying
Authors: Aniesrani Delfiya D. S. , Sneha R. , Prashob K. , Murali S. , Alfiya P. V. , Samuel Manoj P.
Published: August 2021

This study was performed to assess the application of a hot air‐assisted continuous infrared dryer for anchovy drying and to examine the drying characteristics of small‐ and large‐sized anchovy fish. Experiments were carried out at the infrared radiation intensities of 1,000, 2,000, 3,000 W/m2 and IR source‐sample distances of 5, 10, 15 cm. The impact of IR intensity and distance between the IR source and sample on moisture content, drying efficiency, drying time, specific energy consumption, water activity, rehydration ratio, shrinkage, and surface color change were evaluated using statistical analysis. The most efficient drying parameters were observed at 2,000 W/m2, 10 cm, and 2,000 W/m2, 5 cm for small and large anchovy fish, respectively, based on the drying and quality characteristics of dried anchovy fish. This study ensured the potential application of a hot air‐assisted infrared drying system to acquire dried anchovy fish with increased shelf life.

Practical Applications

Anchovies are highly nutritious and possess a lot of health benefits. They are rich in minerals, vitamins, and omega‐3 fatty acids, which help to promote brain and heart health. However, they are highly perishable because of the high moisture content. Hence, the shelf life can be extended by preservation using drying techniques. Dried anchovy fish is one of the popular traditional fish products, which can be added in curries and pickles because of their strong flavor. A better drying process will be resulted in good quality dried product and fetch high demand in the market. One such better drying method is infrared radiation drying, which provides rapid heating and faster moisture removal than other drying methods. Thus, hot air‐assisted infrared drying was employed in this study to produce dried anchovy fish with increased shelf life and better quality characteristics.
Hybrid infrared with hot air drying of Pisang‐Awak banana: Kinetics and shrinkage quality
Authors: Puangsuwan Kritsada , Jumrat Saysunee , Muangprathub Jirapond , Punvichai Teerask , Karrila Seppo , Pianroj Yutthapong
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study was to develop the prototype drying system for drying the Pisang‐Awak (PA) banana. It was designed and implemented to study the drying kinetics in each drying mode: hot air drying (HA), infrared drying (IR), and hybrid drying (Hy). The experimental results were fit with simulation results from the finite element method (FEM). Two statistical parameters, the coefficient of determination and the root mean square error , were used to assess the fit between experimental results and simulation results, and their respective ranges were 0.960–0.997 and 0.014–0.050. For PA banana drying the most suitable drying mode is hybrid, combining 1.5 m/s flow of hot air and IR heating at 60°C drying temperature. The axial and radial shrinkages of PA banana were the largest in Hy mode at 60°C, namely 18.2 and 27.3%, respectively, and this choice gave the best/lowest specific energy consumption (SEC) for drying performance and the best final dried PA banana.

Practical Applications

The understanding of the drying kinetics and shrinkage properties of the dried PA banana is important for the choice of drying process because these reflect the quality of the dried product and help an engineer to design the drying system. Therefore, the empirical mathematical modeling of the drying process serves a crucial role in the food industry sector. These results can be used to quantify temperature and moisture content as functions of drying time to monitor the drying process of PA banana, saving energy and time.
The effect of real‐time monitoring of physical activity intensity in diabetic patients
Authors: Tanaka Rumi , Fujita Kimie , Maeno Satoko , Yakushiji Kanako , Tanaka Satomi , Ohnaka Keizo , Ashida Kenji , Sakamoto Shohei , Nomura Masatoshi
Published: August 2021

Aim

To evaluate the effects of an intensity display type accelerometer on diabetic patients' physical activity.

Methods

This was a two‐arm, non‐randomized controlled study. Both groups received information about the recommendation of 150 min/week moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The intervention group used an intensity display type accelerometer to monitor their physical activity intensity for 10 days at baseline and 3 months later. We compared intervention and control groups after 3 and 6 months. Primary outcomes were MVPA and number of steps over 7 days. Secondary outcomes were glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass index, and self‐management.

Results

Of 62 participants, 30 and 32 were included in the intervention and control groups, respectively. Mean age in each group was 59.7 ± 10.8 and 58.8 ± 10.2 years, and mean HbA1c was 6.9 ± 0.9% and 6.9 ± 0.8%, respectively. There were no significant differences between the intervention and control groups at either time point, and no outcomes showed significant changes. In a subgroup analysis by physical activity intensity, MVPA of active individuals in the control group significantly decreased at 6 months from baseline. MVPA and number of steps among inactive individuals in the intervention group significantly increased at 6 months from baseline. Self‐management of the intervention group showed a trend toward improvement, but HbA1c and body mass index showed no significant change.

Conclusions

Monitoring physical activity intensity led to increased MVPA of inactive patients and maintained MVPA of active patients with diabetes mellitus. This straightforward intervention could be applied in clinical practice.
Primary Health Care Nurses’ Perceptions of Risk During COVID‐19: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Ashley Christine , James Sharon , Stephen Catherine , Mursa Ruth , McInnes Susan , Williams Anna , Calma Kaara , Halcomb Elizabeth
Published: August 2021

Purpose

COVID‐19 has presented health care professionals with unprecedented challenges. Significant risks have emerged as nurses have continued to work in delivering frontline health care during the pandemic. Feeling “at risk” has significant deleterious effects on nurses. The study sought to explore the perceptions of risk by Australian primary health care nurses (PHC) during COVID‐19.

Methods

Twenty‐five Australian PHC nurses were purposively recruited from survey respondents who indicated a willingness to be interviewed. Phone interviews were undertaken between June and August 2020. Audio‐recordings were transcribed and analyzed thematically.

Findings

Participants shared concerns about risks in the workplace that emerged during COVID‐19 and described the strategies used to mitigate these identified risks. Three themes were identified: (a) Professional concerns, (b) Personal/family concerns, and (c) Patient needs.

Conclusions

Understanding PHC nurses’ perceptions of risk during COVID‐19 provides an important insight into how they can be better supported to manage the risks that they face and feel safer in their workplace. Ensuring that PHC nurses are well‐supported is important to optimize job satisfaction, reduce burnout and improve patient care.

Clinical Relevance

There is a need to ensure that nurses feel safe during crises such as pandemics to protect both individual nurses and the broader workforce. Protecting the health workforce is essential to optimizing service delivery and promoting health outcomes.
The effect of repeated video‐training session on metered doseinhaler skills among individuals with COPD: Prospective randomised controlled study
Authors: YILDIZ Ebru , ÇEÇEN Sultan , LAFCI Didem , EKER Aslı
Published: August 2021

Objective

This study was undertaken to assess the effect of repeated video‐training sessions on the adequacy of metered‐dose inhaler (MDI) among individuals with COPD.

Background

MDI devices facilitate the use of inhalation drugs in COPD patients and have become ever more important over the years. However, this device requires a certain level of hand‐to‐mouth coordination and cognitive ability. Since it has a high risk of application errors, training in its use is important to treatment success.

Design

Randomised controlled trial.

Methods

This study was carried out from 1 February to 1 July 2017 with the participation of 40 COPD patients. The data were collected using a ‘Patient Information Request Form’ and an ‘MDI Skill Evaluation Form’. CONSORT checklist was used to report the current study.

Results

It was found that there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of the mean scores of the 1st measurement (p > .05), though the mean scores of the 5th measurement were significantly higher in the experimental group (p < .001). In the 5th measurement, it was identified that the control group had ‘moderate’ adequacy (3.20 ± 1.6), while the experimental group had ‘satisfactory’ adequacy (8.70 ± 1.17), indicating that the patients in the experimental group made fewer mistakes and showed improved adequacy.

Conclusion

It was found that repeated video‐training sessions materially improved MDI skills.

Relevance to clinical practice.

Supporting the training on inhaler drug therapy with visual technological tools and regular checking of drug use will contribute to COPD management.
Immunity to SARS‐CoV‐2 induced by infection or vaccination
Authors: Castro Dopico Xaquin , Ols Sebastian , Loré Karin , Karlsson Hedestam Gunilla B.
Published: August 2021

Adaptive immune responses play critical roles in viral clearance and protection against re‐infection, and SARS‐CoV‐2 is no exception. What is exceptional is the rapid characterization of the immune response to the virus performed by researchers during the first 20 months of the pandemic. This has given us a more detailed understanding of SARS‐CoV‐2 compared to many viruses that have been with us for a long time. Furthermore, effective COVID‐19 vaccines were developed in record time, and their rollout worldwide is already making a significant difference, although major challenges remain in terms of equal access. The pandemic has engaged scientists and the public alike, and terms such as seroprevalence, neutralizing antibodies, antibody escape and vaccine certificates have become familiar to a broad community. Here, we review key findings concerning B cell and antibody (Ab) responses to SARS‐CoV‐2, focusing on non‐severe cases and anti‐spike (S) Ab responses in particular, the latter being central to protective immunity induced by infection or vaccination. The emergence of viral variants that have acquired mutations in S acutely highlights the need for continued characterization of both emerging variants and Ab responses against these during the evolving pathogen‐immune system arms race.
Frequency of protracted bacterial bronchitis and management pre‐respiratory referral
Authors: Lau Gloria T Y , Laird Pamela , Stevenson Paul G , Schultz Andre
Published: August 2021

Aim

To determine the frequency of protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) in children referred to tertiary care with chronic cough and describe management prior to referral.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of all new patients with a history of ≥4 weeks of cough seen at the only tertiary paediatric outpatient respiratory service in Western Australia between July 2018 and June 2019. Medical records were reviewed until a final diagnosis was documented or otherwise for a period of 18 months.

Results

PBB was the most common cause and comprised 37.9% of all children referred to tertiary respiratory care with chronic cough. In children with PBB, the median cough duration at the time of first specialist review was 5.1 months (IQR 2.1–12.0 months). The most common referral source of PBB was primary practice (40.9%) and the most common working diagnosis pre‐referral was asthma (15.9%). Seventy‐eight percent of children with PBB had an ongoing cough at their first respiratory review, and of these, only 13.5% had been prescribed 4 weeks of antibiotics prior to their respiratory review. Asthma treatment had been prescribed for 34.0% of children with PBB.

Conclusion

PBB is the most common cause of chronic cough in children referred to tertiary respiratory care and is frequently misdiagnosed and undertreated pre‐referral. There is a need to facilitate diagnosis and optimal management of PBB in primary care, which could result in earlier symptom resolution and potentially limit disease progression to bronchiectasis.
Reducing asthma hospitalisations in at‐risk children: A systematic review
Authors: Chen Katherine Y H , Saxon Leanne , Robertson Colin , Hiscock Harriet
Published: August 2021

Aim

To identify interventions that reduce hospitalisations and improve related outcomes in children at risk of asthma hospital admissions.

Methods

Medline, Embase, Pubmed and Cochrane Library search from January 2002 to April 2020. Inclusion criteria: randomised controlled trials of any intervention for children with asthma who are at risk of hospitalisations. Outcomes: hospitalisation (primary outcome), rescue oral corticosteroid use, school absences, quality of life and cost‐effectiveness.

Results

Twelve randomised controlled trials were conducted with 2719 participants. Due to heterogeneity of interventions and reporting of outcomes, a meta‐analysis was not conducted. Multi‐modal interventions comprising caregiver education, reduction of home environmental allergens and regular follow‐up reduced hospitalisations, rescue corticosteroid use and improved quality of life. Cost‐effectiveness was not reported. Three studies scored an overall low risk of bias, and nine had some concerns.

Conclusion

Multi‐modal interventions can be effective in reducing hospitalisations, rescue oral corticosteroid use and quality of life but cost‐effectiveness is unknown.
Depressed mood and repetitive negative thinking in Delayed Sleep–Wake Phase Disorder: Treatment effects and a comparison with good sleepers
Authors: Richardson Cele , Gradisar Michael
Published: August 2021

Circadian dysregulation and depressed mood commonly co‐occur in young people, yet mechanisms linking Delayed Sleep–Wake Phase disorder (DSWPD) with depression are poorly understood. The present study aimed to examine the role of repetitive negative thinking (RNT), by comparing sleep, RNT and depressive symptomology between 40 ‘good’ sleeping young people and 63 with DSWPD, with (n = 30) and without (n = 33) self‐reported doctor‐diagnosed depression. Secondary analysis from a randomised controlled trial was also undertaken to observe changes in depressive symptoms and RNT as a result of treatment for DSWPD. The 60 young people with DSWPD (mean [SD] age of 15.9 [2.2] years, 63% female) received either short (green) or long (red) wavelength bright light therapy (BLT) over 3 weeks. Cross‐sectional baseline comparisons revealed an escalating pattern of worse sleep, more RNT and higher depressed mood scores in the DSWPD young people compared to good sleepers. Across all participants, RNT accounted for the associations between sleep‐onset difficulties and depressed mood at baseline. Symptoms of depression, RNT and sleep onset difficulties in DSWPD individuals significantly improved after treatment (d = 0.47–0.65) and at the 1‐ (d = 0.43–1.00) and 3‐month follow‐up (d = 0.39–1.38), yet there were no differences between short‐ and long‐wavelength BLT. Results provide preliminary evidence that RNT may link delayed sleep phase with depression. BLT conferred sleep benefits, but also improvements in depressed mood and RNT, and thus represents a potentially cost‐effective strategy for young people experiencing delayed sleep phase and low mood.
COVID‐19 and the Liver: Lessons Learnt from the EAST and the WEST, A Year Later
Authors: Ekpanyapong Sirina , Bunchorntavakul Chalermrat , Reddy K. Rajender
Published: August 2021

Globally, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2 virus) has been a major cause for significant morbidity and mortality. Since the start of the pandemic, several hepato‐biliary manifestations in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) have been described and unique considerations raised. The review aims to summarize the pathogenesis and hepato‐biliary manifestations in COVID‐19 and discuss the similarities, contrasting features and disease‐specific management across a range of hepato‐biliary diseases from the EAST and the WEST. Published studies and regional society guidelines from the EAST and the WEST were comprehensively reviewed and summarized. A wide range of hepato‐biliary manifestations, including the infrequent and chronic manifestation of cholangiopathy, has been observed in COVID‐19. The pathogenesis of liver injury is multifactorial and with scant evidence for a direct SARS‐CoV‐2 infection of the liver. Patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer are potentially at increased risk for severe COVID‐19, and there are unique considerations in chronic hepatitis B or C, hepatocellular carcinoma, and in those immunosuppressed such as autoimmune hepatitis or liver transplant recipients. With the surges in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, liver transplant activity has variably been impacted. Preliminarily, SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines appear to be safe in those with chronic liver disease and in transplant recipients, while emerging data suggest the need for a third dose in immunosuppressed patients. In conclusion, patients with chronic liver disease, particularly cirrhosis, and liver transplant recipients, are vulnerable to severe COVID‐19. Over the past year, several unique considerations have been highlighted across a spectrum of hepato‐biliary diseases. Vaccination is strongly recommended for those with chronic liver disease and liver transplant recipients.
Evaluation of nutrient bioextraction by seaweed and shellfish aquaculture in Korea
Authors: Park Ji‐Sook , Shin Sook Kyung , Wu Hailong , Yarish Charles , Yoo Hyun Il , Kim Jang K.
Published: August 2021

Although Korea is third in seaweed production and second in shellfish production globally, this is the first study evaluating ecosystem services of seaweed and shellfish aquaculture in Korea. The objective of this study is to evaluate nutrient bioextraction capacities of major seaweed and shellfish species aquacultured in Korea. C (C) removal of three major aquacultured seaweed species, Neopyropia yezoensis, Saccharina japonica, and Undaria pinnatifida were 24,247, 8,423, and 12,758 tons, respectively, in 2016. N (N) removal of these species was 4,088, 732, and 1,244 tons, respectively. The C and N removal of the Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) were 14,693 and 1,050 tons, respectively. Manila clams (Venerupis philippinarum) removed 2,120 tons of C and 136.5 tons of N. Together, 161,846 tons of CO2 and 7,251 tons of N were removed by three major seaweed species and two shellfish species. These values are significant amounts, equivalent to 5.7% of CO2 and 8.6% of N discharged from all wastewater treatment plants in Korea. These results suggest that nutrient bioextraction by aquacultured seaweed and shellfish can be a cost efficient, affordable, and equitable solution for coastal nutrient management programs in Korea and elsewhere.
The Adc regulon mediates zinc homeostasis in Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Pan Yangyang , Chen Yang , Chen Jiamin , Ma Qizhao , Gong Tao , Yu Shuxing , Zhang Qiong , Zou Jing , Li Yuqing
Published: August 2021

Zinc (Zn2+) is an essential divalent trace metal for living cells. Intracellular zinc homeostasis is critical to the survival and virulence of bacteria. Thus, the frequent fluctuations of salivary zinc, caused by the low physiological level and the frequent exogenous zinc introduction, present a serious challenge for bacteria colonizing the oral cavity. However, the regulation strategies to keep intracellular Zn2+ homeostasis in Streptococcus mutans, an important causative pathogen of dental caries, are unknown. Because zinc uptake is primarily mediated by an ATP‐binding ABC transporter AdcABC in Streptococcus strains, we examined the function of AdcABC and transcription factor AdcR in S. mutans in this study. The results demonstrated that deletion of either adcA or adcCB gene impaired the growth but enhanced the extracellular polymeric matrix production in S. mutans, both of which could be relieved after excessive Zn2+ supplementation. Using RNA sequencing analysis, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction examination, LacZ‐reporter studies, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay, we showed that a MarR (multiple antibiotic resistance regulator) family transcription factor, AdcR, negatively regulates the expression of the genes adcR, adcC, adcB, and adcA by acting on the adcRCB and adcA promoters in response to Zn2+ concentration in their environmental niches. The deletion of adcR increases the sensitivity of S. mutans to excessive Zn2+ supply. Taken together, our findings suggest that Adc regulon, which consists of a Zn2+ uptake transporter AdcCBA and a Zn2+‐responsive repressor AdcR, plays a prominent role in the maintenance of intracellular zinc homeostasis of S. mutans.
Arthroscopic Hip Surgery versus Conservative Therapy on Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome: A Meta‐Analysis of RCTs
Authors: Mok Tsz‐Ngai , He Qi‐yu , Teng Qiang , Sin Tat‐Hang , Wang Hua‐jun , Zha Zhen‐gang , Zheng Xiao‐fei , Pan Jing‐hua , Hou Hui‐ge , Li Jie‐ruo
Published: August 2021

To determine the outcome and differences between arthroscopic hip surgery and conservative therapy in patients suffering from femoroacetabular impingement syndrome, we searched articles from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science and Clinicaltrials.gov using a Boolean search algorithm. Only randomized controlled trials comparing arthroscopic hip surgery and conservative therapy were included in this meta‐analysis of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome management. Two authors determined eligibility, extracted the needed data and assessed the risk of bias of eligible studies independently. Then we meta‐analyzed three articles to assess pooled estimate size (ES) and 95% confidence interval for Hip Outcome Score of activities of daily living (HOS ADL subscale), Hip Outcome Score sport (HOS sports subscale) and International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT‐33) analyses were performed by using STATA version 14.0 MP (STATA, College Station, TX, USA) with the principal summary measures are mean between group difference, sample size, and standard deviation. We collected 52 articles in total after removing duplicates and screened by titles and abstracts. A total of three RCTs were included finally. There was definite evidence of additional benefit of arthroscopic hip surgery against conservative therapy in the field of improving quality of life (three trials, 575 participants, ES = 2.109, 95% CI: 1.373 to 2.845, I2 = 42.8%, P = 0.000) and activity of daily living (two trials, 262 participants, ES = 9.220, 95% CI: 5.931 to 12.508, I2 = 16.5%, P = 0.000). However, no significant difference could be seen in sports function improvement (two trials, ES = 7.562, 95% CI: −2.957 to 18.082, I2 = 60.1%, P = 0.159). In conclusion, this meta‐analysis suggests that arthroscopic hip surgery provided essential benefit compared with conservative therapy in improving activity of daily living and quality of life.
Arthroscopic C‐Shaped Release Around the Greater Trochanter for Gluteal Muscle Contracture
Authors: Tang Xiangyu , Qi Wei , Liu Yujie , Xiang Yi , Zhang Baiqing , Li Haipeng , Li Zhongli , Wang Zhigang , Wang Dong , Li Chunbao
Published: August 2021

Objective

To investigate the outcomes of C‐shaped release around the greater trochanter in gluteal muscle contracture under arthroscopy.

Methods

From December 2016 to January 2018, 185 patients with gluteal muscle contracture who treated under arthroscopy were reviewed, including 69 males and 116 females. All patients had a history of repeated intramuscular injection into the buttocks. The follow signs were positive in all the patients before surgery: squatting and crouching disability, difficulty in crossing the leg, Ober's sign positive, clicking sound during rotation of the hip. The C‐shaped release around the greater trochanter under arthroscopy was performed in 96 cases (C‐shaped release group) with an average age of 24.6 ± 4.9 years old, and conventional gluteal muscle contracture release under arthroscopy was performed in 89 cases (conventional release group) with an average age of 25.1 ± 5.0 years. The released tissues in the C‐shaped release group: iliotibial band (ITB) about 5 cm distal to the proximal end of the greater trochanter, the contracture tissue near the posterior and superior of the greater trochanter, which depended on both intraoperative physical examination and arthroscopic observation. The released tissues in conventional release group: the contracture tissues in gluteal muscles according to observation under arthroscopy. The gluteal muscle contracture disability scale (GDS) and Visual analogue scale (VAS) were evaluated before surgery and at the last follow‐up.

Results

The average release time after making arthroscopic operation space for each lower limb were 12.2 ± 3.2 min in the C‐shaped release group, and 21.4 ± 6.1 min in the conventional release group (P = 0.000). All the patients were followed for at least of 2 years after operation. There was one case of wound hematoma in the C‐shaped release group and five cases in the conventional release group(P = 0.079), abductor weakness (IV level)occurred in two patients in the C‐shaped release group and five cases in the conventional release group (P = 0.208). GDS was 49.3 ± 17.3 (22 to 70) in theC‐shaped release group and 48.1 ± 15.6 (23 to 69) in the conventional release group before surgery (P = 0.622), 91.7 ± 5.2 (83 to 100) in the C‐shaped release group and 90.2 ± 6.1 (83 to 98) in the conventional release group (P = 0.073) with difference nearly significant at last follow‐up.

Conclusion

Arthroscopic C‐shaped release around the greater trochanter had less operation time, acceptable complication occurrence, and it has an optimistic outcome for gluteal muscle contracture under arthroscope.
Seeding the cloud: Consultancy services in the nascent field of cyber capacity building
Authors: Willers Johann Ole
Published: August 2021

Transnational issues in public administration are charged with coordination problems between public and private actors. This is especially true for nascent issue fields. The mitigation of global cyber risks represents one such emerging issue. International organizations have encouraged the development of cybersecurity strategies as an integral part of national security regimes and to strengthen the global security environment. Cyber capacity building (CCB) efforts respond to these calls and disseminate digital risk management to recipient states. At a time where public administrations have not determined a position on CCB, global professional service firms have affirmed the importance of external third‐party knowledge on cybersecurity issues. They are “seeding the cloud” to benefit from the field as it matures. Through the application of the Strategic Action Field framework, I highlight how field dynamics are shaped through framing contests and reflected in the practices of policy production.
Public sector creativity as the origin of public sector innovation: A taxonomy and future research agenda
Authors: Houtgraaf Glenn , Kruyen Peter M. , van Thiel Sandra
Published: August 2021

This systematic literature review analyses how public servants apply workplace creativity to come up with ideas for public sector innovations, defining public sector creativity and analyzing its practices, features, trends, and hiatuses in knowledge for which we provide a future research agenda. Creativity is the origin of innovation. Public sector creativity, however, is theoretically undefined and underexamined, resulting in unclarity on what constitutes public sector creativity. We define public sector creativity as “public servants coming up with novel and useful ideas through various practices.” Our findings indicate that public servants apply at least six taxonomically distinctive creative practices, and although they are involved to different extent in generating the initial idea and thus do not always generate ideas autonomously, they are creative in finding alternative ways to come up with ideas. However, our review indicates hiatuses in knowledge on public sector creativity, for which we provide a future research agenda.
An evaluation of impact factor bias of clinical trials published in pain journals
Authors: Mukhdomi Taif , Park James , Kendall Mark C. , Curran Sean , Apruzzese Patricia , De Oliveira Gildasio S.
Published: August 2021

Background and Objective

Studies with nonsignificant results are less likely to be published or published in lower impact factor journals. To determine whether a similar phenomenon occurs in pain literature, we explored impact factor bias in peer‐reviewed pain journals.

Methods

A PubMed search involving randomized controlled trials in pain journals during 2012 through 2018 was performed. The primary outcome was the publication impact factor. Exclusion criteria included commentaries, editorials, meta‐analyses, reviews, and animal studies. The average impact factor for each journal was determined. The primary independent variable was a study with a positive outcome.

Results

Of the 9 journals evaluated, 1108 articles met our inclusion criteria and were included in our analysis. The quartiles for the impact factor for the journals included were 2.5, 2.9, and 3.6. A multivariate analysis identified sample size greater than 100, description of a sample size calculation, presence of a stated hypothesis, and presence of sponsorship funding as independent predictors of publication in a journal with greater impact factor. In contrast, positive results were not associated with publication in a greater impact factor journal, even when forced into the model, P = 0.49.

Conclusions

After adjusting for study factors associated with publication, there is no evidence of impact factor bias within the pain literature. The lack of impact factor bias in the pain literature is a positive finding for the field and should benefit scientific development and the clinical care of patients.
Human papillomavirus—Inequalities in disease prevention and the impact on racial, ethnic, sexual, and gender minorities
Authors: Junejo Muhammad Hyder , Sheikh Umar Ahmad
Published: August 2021

HPV, a sexually transmitted viral infection, is the etiological agent of significant dermatologic disease including benign anogenital warts and invasive cancers. Sexual and gender minority individuals are particularly vulnerable to HPV‐associated disease due to reduced vaccination rates in these cohorts, low awareness of HPV, lack of provider recommendation, and inadequate consensus guidelines on screening and prevention in these individuals. A targeted approach is needed with regards to vaccination in all children —especially those from racial, ethnic, sexual, and gender minorities; provider recommendation, especially from pediatric dermatologists, is crucial. Effort must also be made to use transgender and non‐binary affirming language as dividing vaccination programs by anatomic sex and sexuality reinforces problematic notions of gender identity and sexuality, isolating the most vulnerable.