bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ameliorating Effects of Lithium on the Perinatal Ethanol-Induced Behavioral and Cognitive Dysfunction and Brain Oxidative Stress in Postnatal Developing Mice Pups
Authors: Ahmad Mohammad , Taweel Gasem M. Abu
Published: June 2020

Background:

Developmental ethanol (EtOH) exposure can cause lifelong behavioral hyperactivity, cognitive deficits, emotional dysregulation, and more. However, co-treatment with lithium (Li) on the day of EtOH exposure prevents many of the impairments.

Methods:

Experimental groups of pregnant mice were exposed to EtOH (20% v/v solution at a dose of 2.5 g/kg) in their drinking water and the animals were treated with Li (15 and 30 mg/kg) through IP injection on gestational days14, 16, 18, and 20, and post-natal days (PD) 3, 5, 7, and 9. All treatments with EtOH and exposure to Li doses to pregnant mice started on gestational day 14 and continued until post-natal day 9 (PD9). The effects on some developing morphological indices, nerve reflexes during weaning age, and various cognitive dysfunctions at adolescent ages and biochemical changes in the brain tissue indices of below-mentioned neurotransmitters and oxidative stress in post-natal developing offspring at adolescent age, were studied.

Results:

Perinatal exposure to EtOH in pregnant mice resulted in several postnatal developing and morphological indices in the developing male pups during their weaning period, like gain in their body weight, delay in appearance of their body hair fuzz and opening of their eyes, and disruptions in their developing motor reflexes.

Discussion:

During adolescent age, a significant deficit in their learning capability and cognitive behavior, decline in the neurochemical DA and 5-HT in their brain and some indices of oxidative stress TBARS, GSH, GST, CAT, and SOD was observed.

Conclusion:

These results indicate that Li ameliorates significantly and dose-dependently EtOH induced developmental toxicities like morphological developments and dysfunctions in cognitive retention and oxidative stress on a long-term basis in brain tissue. However, further detailed studies are required for the clinical use of as an ameliorating agent for perinatal EtOH induced dysfunctions.
Dissecting the Therapeutic Relevance of Gene Therapy in NeuroAIDS: An Evolving Epidemic
Authors: Nabi Bushra , Rehman Saleha , Pottoo Faheem Hyder , Baboota Sanjula , Ali Javed
Published: June 2020

:

NeuroAIDS, a disease incorporating both infectious and neurodegenerative pathways, is
still a formidable challenge for the researchers to deal with. The primary concern for the treatment of
neuroAIDS still remains the inaccessibility of the viral reservoir, making it indispensable for novel
techniques to be continuously innovated. Since the brain serves as a reservoir for viral replication, it is
pragmatic and a prerequisite to overcome the related barriers in order to improve the drug delivery to
the brain. The current treatment ideology is based on the combinatorial approach of a mocktail of antiretroviral
drugs. However, complete eradication of the disease could not be achieved. Thereby the
arena of gene-based cellular delivery is trending and has created a niche for itself in the present scenario.
To establish the supremacy of gene delivery, it is advisable to have a better understanding of the
molecular mechanism involved in the due process. The mechanism associated with the activity of the
anti-HIV gene lies in their intrinsic property to impart resistance to the HIV infection by targeting the
viral entry channels. This review principally emphasizes on different types of gene therapies explored
so far for the management of AIDS and its associated neurological conditions. Therefore it could
rightly be said that we are at the crossroad where the need of the hour is to develop novel strategies for
curbing AIDS and its associated neurological conditions.
Risk Minimization Measures in Off-Label Drug Use: A Survey of Community Pharmacists in Malaysia
Authors: Fatokun Omotayo
Published: June 2020

Background:

While off-label drug use is common and sometimes necessary, it also presents considerable risks. Therefore, measures intended to prevent or reduce the potential exposure to off-label risks have been recommended. However, little is known about community pharmacists’ beliefs regarding these measures in Malaysia.

Objectives:

This study examined community pharmacists’ beliefs towards risk minimization measures in off-label drug use in Malaysia and assessed the relationship between perceived risk of off-label drug use and beliefs towards risk minimization measures.

Methods:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 154 pharmacists practicing in randomly selected community pharmacies in Kuala Lumpur and the State of Selangor, Malaysia.

Results:

The majority agreed or strongly agreed that adverse drug events from the off-label drug should be reported to the regulatory authority (90.9%) and the off-label drug should only be used when the benefit outweighs potential risks (88.3%). Less than half (48.1%) agreed or strongly agreed that written informed consent should be obtained before dispensing off-label drugs and a majority (63.7%) agreed or strongly agreed that the informed consent process will be burdensome to healthcare professionals. Beliefs towards risk minimization measures were significantly associated with perceived risk of off-label drug use regarding efficacy (p = 0. 033), safety (p = 0.001), adverse drug rection (p = 0.001) and medication errors (p = 0.002).

Conclusion:

The community pharmacists have positive beliefs towards most of the risk minimization measures. However, beliefs towards written informed consent requirements are not encouraging. Enhancing risk perception may help influence positive beliefs towards risk minimization measures.
Synthesis, admetSAR Predictions, DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity, and Potent Anti-mycobacterial Studies of Hydrazones of Substituted 4-(anilino methyl) benzohydrazides (Part 2)
Authors: Desale Vijay J. , Mali Suraj N. , Thorat Bapu R. , Yamgar Ramesh S.
Published: June 2020

Background:

For the past several decades, the presence of tuberculosis (TB) is being
remarked as the most common infectious disease leading to mortality.

Objective:

Hydrazone containing azometine group (-NHN=CH-) compounds have been reported
for a broad range of bioactivities such as antiplatelet, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant,
antidepressant, antimalarial, vasodilator, antiviral, and antimicrobial, etc.

Methods:

For the synthesis of compounds (4a-4d) and (6a-6e), aromatic amines were treated with
methyl terephthalaldehydate in methanol, giving Schiff’s bases, followed by reductive amination
and further treatment with hydrazine hydrate gave acid hydrazides (4a-4d). These acid hydrazides
were then treated with different aromatic aldehydes to yield hydrazones (6a-6d). All the synthesized
compounds were subjected to FT-IR, NMR, and UV spectroscopic characterization.

Results:

Compounds (4a-4d) and (6a-6e) were found to have highly potent activity against Mycobacteria
tuberculosis (Vaccine strain, H37 RV strains): ATCC No- 27294 (MIC:1.6-6.25 μg/mL)
than standard anti-TB drugs. The compounds exhibited good radical scavenging potentials(0-
69.2%), as checked from DPPH protocol. All compounds also demonstrated good in-silico ADMET
results.

Conclusion:

The current study revealed promising in vitro anti-tuberculosis and anti-oxidant profiles
of hydrazide-hydrazone analogues.
Elevated O-GlcNAcylation Promotes Malignant Phenotypes of Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Stabilizing Nrf2 through Regulation of the PI3K/Akt Pathway
Authors: Dai Wencheng , Jin Xiaoxia , Jiang Bin , Chen Weixian , Ji Zhenhua , Xu Xinjiang , Tang Mingming , Dai Kui , Han Liang
Published: June 2020

Background and Purpose:

O-GlcNAcylation is a significant protein posttranslational modification
with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) for intracellular signaling. Elevated O-GlcNAcylation contributes
to cell proliferation, cell migration, cell apoptosis and signal transduction in various cancers. However, the
expression level and functional role of O-GlcNAcylation in Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
(HSCC) is not clearly elucidated. Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a master transcriptional
factor that has been found to be aberrantly activated in HSCC. Here, we provide a molecular rationale between
O-GlcNAcylation and Nrf2 in HSCC patients.

Methods::

The protein levels of O-GlcNAcylation and Nrf2 in HSCC tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry
technique and western blot analysis. Then, O‐GlcNAcylation knockdown HSCC cells were applied
in this study. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK8, colony-forming analysis, and cell cycle assays. Cell
migration and invasion ability was evaluated by transwell assays. Cell apoptosis was measured by TUNEL
analysis.

Results:

O-GlcNAcylation was obviously up-regulated in HSCC tissues, which correlated with tumor size and
lymph node metastasis. In addition, the protein level of Nrf2 was found to positively correlate with the expression
of O‐GlcNAcylation both in vivo and in vitro. Knockdown of O-GlcNAcylation significantly inhibited HSCC
cell growth, suppressed cell migration, and promoted cell apoptosis, whereas overexpression of Nrf2 reversed
these phenotypes. Mechanismly, the upregulation of O-GlcNAcylation promoted the phosphorylation of Akt,
leading to the stabilization of Nrf2; this could be attenuated by inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Conclusion:

Here, we provide a molecular association between O-GlcNAcylation and Nrf2 in HSCC patients,
thus providing valuable therapeutic targets for the disease.
A Preliminary Review on Novel Coronavirus Disease: COVID-19
Authors: Katta Miranji , Rapaka Satish , Adireddi Ramkumar , Emandi Jagadeeshwara Rao
Published: June 2020

Coronaviruses (CoV) are a large group of viruses that can cause health disorders ranging
from the usual cold to most severe diseases like Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV). These viruses are generally found among animals. In
atypical circumstances, these viruses can propagate to humans from animals. The spikes protruding from
the membrane of the virus look like the sun's corona, hence the name ‘coronavirus’ has been given.
Coronaviruses (CoV) belong to the species of Corona with a high mutation rate than the Coronaviridae.
The objective of this review article was to investigate good strategies of treatment and preliminary
analysis concerning the disease, and prevention in the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak.
Лазерная генерация перенесенных на кремний инжекционных микродисков с квантовыми точками InAs/InGaAs/GaAs
Authors: Жуков А.Е. , Моисеев Э.И. , Надточий А.М. , Драгунова А.C. , Крыжановская Н.В. , Кулагина М.М. , Можаров А.М. , Кадинская С.А. , Симчук О.И. , Зубов Ф.И. , Максимов М.В.
Published: June 2020

AlGaAs/GaAs microdisk lasers with InAs/InGaAs quantum dots region were transferred onto a silicon wafer using indium bonding. Microlasers have a joint electrical contact put over a residual n+ GaAs substrate, whereas their individual addressing is achieved by placing them p-contact down to separate contact pads. No effect of non-native substrate on electrical resistance, threshold current, thermal resistance, and spectral characteristics was revealed. Microdisks lase in continuous-wave mode without external cooling with the threshold current density of 0.7 kA/cm2. Lasing wavelength remains stable (<0.1 nm/mA) against injection current increment.
Потоки пылевых частиц в системе Марса
Authors: Попель С.И. , Голубь А.П. , Дольников Г.Г. , Захаров А.В. , Карташева А.А.
Published: June 2020

Fluxes of mass and dust particles are calculated, which appear in orbit around Mars due to collisions of meteoroids with Phobos and Deimos. Size distributions of dust particles captured in orbit around Mars are determined. Knowledge of parameters of these particles is important when planning the experimental studies on dust in the system of Mars within the framework of the future space missions.
Процессы возбуждения при столкновениях электронов с молекулами глутамина
Authors: Эрдевди Н.М. , Булгакова А.И. , Шпеник О.Б. , Завилопуло А.Н.
Published: June 2020

Excitation processes in collisions of low-energy electrons (1-100 eV) with glutamine molecules in the gas phase have been studied. The optical emission spectra were measured in the wavelength range from 250-520 nm and it was found that, as a result of the decomposition of glutamine molecules, OH molecular emissions and some other molecular fragments are most efficiently formed. And excited hydrogen atoms are also detected. It was found that the excitation thresholds of molecular emissions are 10–12 eV, while the atomic lines of hydrogen are 13–15 eV. The energy dependences of the excitation of individual emissions from a threshold to 50 eV are also presented.
School-Based Multicomponent Intervention to Promote Physical Activity and Reduce Sedentary Time of Disadvantaged Children Aged 6-10 Years: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bernal Caroline Maite Marie , Lhuisset Lena , Fabre Nicolas , Bois Julien
Published: June 2020

Background

In our modern society, physical activity (PA) is decreasing and sedentary time (ST) is increasing, especially for children from disadvantaged neighborhoods. School-based interventions to promote PA and decrease ST are therefore required among this population in order to change children’s lifestyle habits. Moreover, attentional capacities and academic achievement can be enhanced by chronic PA during childhood. The relationships between these variables have been poorly studied with this population.

Objective

The objective of this study is to present the rationale and methods for a randomized controlled trial among 6-10-year-old children with low socioeconomic status that will (1) evaluate the effectiveness of a school-based intervention designed to promote PA and reduce ST and (2) study the relationships between PA, ST, motor skills, attentional capacities, and academic achievement.

Methods

A randomized controlled trial was conducted in 2 eligible primary schools. During academic year 2016-2017, 1 school was randomly assigned as the experiment one and the other was assigned as the control one. Five assessments times were used: baseline (T1 [November 2016] to T2 [June 2017]), follow-up (T3 [November 2017] to T4 [June 2018]), and final assessment (T5 [June 2019]). The school-based intervention included various components on different levels of the socioecological model: (1) curriculum-based program for children; (2) sensitization workshops and newsletters for parents; (3) training workshops for teachers; (4) environmental adaptation of playgrounds and reorganization of recess time; (5) time adaptation of lunch breaks; and (6) collaboration with political groups. PA, ST, motor skills, and attentional capacities were evaluated and academic achievement was recorded.

Results

The presented intervention and its different assessments have been successfully implemented. In order to achieve the 2 objectives of this randomized controlled trial, data analyses are about to be completed.

Conclusions

The implementation of this randomized controlled trial can help to determine effective strategies to promote PA in the context of increasing prevalence of physical inactivity among children with sedentary lifestyle which will be useful for researchers, stakeholders, and public policy makers.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03983447; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03983447

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR1-10.2196/17815
Barriers and Facilitators to Implementing Web-Based Dementia Caregiver Education From the Clinician’s Perspective: Qualitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Levinson Anthony J , Ayers Stephanie , Butler Lianna , Papaioannou Alexandra , Marr Sharon , Sztramko Richard
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND

Internet-based dementia caregiver interventions have been shown to be effective for a range of caregiver outcomes; however, little is known about how to best implement them. We developed iGeriCare, an evidence-based, multimedia, web-based educational resource for family caregivers of people living with dementia.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to obtain feedback and opinions from experts and clinicians involved in dementia care and caregiver education about 1 iGeriCare and 2 barriers and facilitators to implementing a web-based caregiver program.

METHODS

We carried out semistructured interviews with individuals who had a role in dementia care and/or caregiver education in several key stakeholder settings in Southern Ontario, Canada. We queried participants’ perceptions of iGeriCare, caregiver education, the implementation process, and their experience with facilitators and barriers. Transcripts were coded and analyzed using a grounded theory approach. The themes that emerged were organized using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

RESULTS

A total of 12 participants from a range of disciplines described their perceptions of iGeriCare and identified barriers and facilitators to the implementation of the intervention. The intervention was generally perceived as a high-quality resource for caregiver education and support, with many stakeholders highlighting the relative advantage of a web-based format. The intervention was seen to meet dementia caregiver needs, partially because of its flexibility, accessibility, and compatibility within existing clinical workflows. In addition, the intervention helps to overcome time constraints for both caregivers and clinicians.

CONCLUSIONS

Study findings indicate a generally positive response to the use of internet-based interventions for dementia caregiver education. Results suggest that iGeriCare may be a useful clinical resource to complement traditional face-to-face and print material–based caregiver education. More comprehensive studies are required to identify the effectiveness and longevity of web-based caregiver education interventions and to better understand barriers and facilitators with regard to the implementation of technology-enhanced caregiver educational interventions in various health care settings.
Empirical Research of Business Development Potentiality of Cross Border E commerce between China and the Belt & Road Countries
Authors: SHEN Haohan , CHEN Jun
Published: June 2020

Since the financial crisis, the global economy has fallen into a trough and recovered slowly. Under the double impact of the “new normal” of the internal economy and shrinking external demand, the growth rate of China’s traditional foreign trade has shrunk dramatically. In contrast, cross-border e-commerce has become a key support point for China’s foreign trade. In addition, the “Belt and Road” strategy is proposed to provide good development conditions for cross-border e-commerce. This paper takes the “Belt and Road” cross-border e-commerce as the background, builds a systematic cross-border e-commerce impact mechanism evaluation system, and analyzes the potential of cross-border e-commerce export from China to the countries along the “Belt and Road” based on the stochastic frontier gravity model. The conclusion is that improving infrastructure and logistics construction, improving the development of e-commerce environment, strengthening financial services, and depreciating RMB can promote cross-border e-commerce export efficiency, and thereby tap the export potential of cross-border e-commerce. Finally, this essay puts forward specific policy recommendations to help the development of cross-border e-commerce, combining the actual conditions of China and the countries along the “Belt and Road”.
ANTI-ARTHRITIC ACTIVITY OF AMARANTHUS ROXBURGHIANUS NEVSKI HYDROALCOHOLIC AREAL PLANT EXTRACT IN ACUTE AND CHRONIC MODELS IN ALBINO WISTAR RATS
Authors: K SARAVANAKUMAR , CHIKATIPALLI RADHIKA , KOTHAPALLI BONNOTH CHANDRA SEKHAR
Published: June 2020

Objective: Evaluation of anti-arthritic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Amaranthus roxburghianus Nevski aerial parts in albino Wistar rats.

Materials and Methods: A. roxburghianus dried aerial parts were extracted with ethyl alcohol: water (70:30) ratio, respectively, by the hot Soxhlet method. Hydroalcoholic A. roxburghianus extract (HARE) was further concentrated to obtain a semisolid residue. Two doses 200 and 400 mg/kg of HARE were tested against formaldehyde-induced acute non-immunological and Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA)-induced chronic immunological arthritis in albino Wistar rats. Arthritis assessment was done by morphological studies (paw volume, paw diameter, and body wt.) and hematological parameters radiological, histopathological, and organ wt. studies were also done on the 28th day after animals were sacrificed.

Results: Dose-dependent and significant inhibition of edema were observed in both acute as well as chronic models. The extract at dose 400 mg/kg showed most potent and significant (p<0.05) paw edema inhibition which is supported by the results of paw volume and diameter, hematological parameters, in FCA-induced arthritis model. Treatment with HARE also decreased the histopathological alterations induced by FCA model.

Conclusion: HARE protects synovial membrane by improving the health status exhibits promising anti-arthritic activity. This finding thus supports the traditional use of A. roxburghianus for arthritis. However, further studies are needed to carry out the isolation of active constituents of the fraction responsible for the activity.
EVALUATION OF CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACT OF PIGMENT FROM PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA
Authors: R KAMBLE GEETANJALI , SV HIREMATH , MB HIREMATH
Published: June 2020

Objective: Bacterial pigments have promising applications in food, cosmetics, textile, and therapeutics. Pigments from microbial origin are stable, safer, cost effective, easy production, and extraction and thus preferred over other natural sources. Under this backdrop, isolation and characterization of pigment-producing bacteria and analysis of bioactivity of the pigment were the aim of the study. From the literature studies, the pigment production was found to be influenced by various physical factors which directed the study toward optimization of physical parameters for pigment production.

Methods: Isolation of pigment-producing bacteria from water sample, cultural, and microscopic identification was done as per the standard protocol. Extraction of pigment by solvent extraction was carried out and its antibacterial and cytotoxic activity was assayed.

Results: Molecular characterization of the bacteria resembled the query sequence of the isolate to 99% with Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain. Extraction of pigment by solvent extraction method resulted in crude pigment extract with antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria (17 mm zone of inhibition) at 100 μg/ml concentration. Pigment showed dose-dependent inhibition on proliferation of HeLa cells at the concentration of 345.83 μg/mL.

Conclusion: From the above results, it was evident that the pigment extracted from the bacterial isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain JBT18N was therapeutically potential.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF LIANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF LIANOID AND ARBOREAL SPECIES OF SCHEFFLERA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAANOID AND ARBOREAL SPECIES OF SCHEFFLERA FROM SOUTHERN INDIA
Authors: RAGHAVENDRA HEBBAR DEEPA , NALINI MONNANDA SOMAIAH
Published: June 2020

Objective: The genus Schefflera belongs to the family Araliaceae. The secondary metabolites of Schefflera include triterpene glycosides, oleanolic acid, and benzyl glycosides with proven biological activities. The objective of this study was to determine the antibacterial potentials of lianoid and arboreal Schefflera spp., from southern India.
Methods: Schefflera venulosa, Schefflera stellata, and Schefflera racemosa were collected from the natural forests of Kodagu and Mysore regions of southern Karnataka. The plant parts such as stem bark, leaves, and inflorescence were dried, powdered and known quantity was subjected to Soxhlet extraction based on the solvent polarity. The solvent extracts from each of the species were subjected to preliminary antibacterial screening against five test bacterial strains, namely, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Klebsiella pneumoniae by agar disc diffusion method and the inhibition zones were measured. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC’s) were calculated for the positive extracts and represented.
Results: Of the 30 solvent extracts tested, six solvent extracts showed antibacterial activity. The ethanol and ethyl acetate solvent extracts of all three plants showed positive results for antibacterial activity. The zone of inhibition against the bacterial test pathogens ranged from 6.00±0.00 to 15.00±0.00 mm against B. subtilis, E. aerogenes, S. pyogenes, and K. pneumoniae. The highest zones of inhibition were observed for S. racemosa leaf ethanol extract against B. subtilis, E. aerogenes, and S. pyogenes (10.00 mm to 15.00±0.00 mm). The MIC values of the positive extracts were 5.0 mg/ml in the leaf, flower ethanol, and stem bark ethyl acetate extracts of S. venulosa, leaf ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of S. stellata and the leaf ethanol extract from S. racemosa, respectively.
Conclusion: Schefflera spp. from southern India possesses antibacterial potentials, which can be exploited pharmaceutically for potential health benefits against bacterial infections.
A STUDY ON THE PRESCRIBING PATTERN OF ANTIMICOBIAL DRUGS IN PATIENTS ATTENDING THE EAR, NOSE, THROAT DEPARTMENT OF A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: PHUKAN SWOPNA , DAS SAHELI
Published: June 2020

Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the prescription pattern of antimicrobial drugs in the department of ear, nose, throat (ENT) of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Guwahati.

Methods: The present study was conducted in the department of ENT after getting approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee (No MC/190/2007/Pt – 11 December -18/18). It was a prospective observational study for a period of 6 months. Prescriptions were collected from the outdoor and indoor patients of ENT.

Results: In the present study, the majority of the patients were male (64.1%). Mostly, the patients belonged to the age group of 31–60 years (52%). Pharyngitis (20.8%) was the most commonly encountered disease which was reported followed by ear discharge (16.2%) and acute suppurative otitis media (15.8%). Total number of antimicrobial drugs prescribed for 240 patients was 303, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid being the most common (66%). About 89.4% of the drugs were included in the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, 2019. Majority of the patients were prescribed only one drug.

Conclusion: The drug prescribed commonly for ENT infections was amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combination. Around 71.6% of drugs were prescribed by their brand names. Intervention is needed to promote the use of generic drugs as these drugs are with the same composition and provide the same therapeutic benefit at reasonable price.
METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF LAMIVUDINE AND ZIDOVUDINE IN TABLET BY REVERSE-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: D PATEL BHOOMI , BHAVYA MEHTA , B CHAUDHARY ANKIT
Published: June 2020

Objective: The objective of the study was to develop and validate reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method and apply method to tablet dosage form.

Methods: A simple, rapid, economical, precise, and accurate RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of lamivudine and zidovudine in their combined dosage form has been developed.

Results: A RP-HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of lamivudine and zidovudine. In their combined dosage form has been developed. The separation was achieved by LC-C18 column (150 mm ×4.6 mm, 5 μm) and water: methanol (65:35v/v) as mobile phase, at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. Detection was carried out at 272 nm. Retention time of lamivudine and zidovudine was found to be 3.007 min and 4.647, respectively. The method has been validated for linearity, accuracy, and precision. The assay method was found to be linear from 50% to 150% for lamivudine and zidovudine.

Conclusion: Developed method was found to be accurate, precise, and rapid for simultaneous estimation of lamivudine and zidovudine in their combined dosage form.
EFFICACY OF EUPHORBIA HETEROPHYLLA LATEX AGAINST PATHOGENIC BACTERIA AND FUNGI
Authors: ML PRUTHVI , MK MAHESH , SAHAYA MARY ROHINI
Published: June 2020

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the antimicrobial activities of Euphorbia heterophylla latex.

Methods: The antibacterial and antifungal activities of acetone, chloroform, and diethyl ether extracts were assayed by disk diffusion method.

Results: The study of plant E. heterophylla latex revealed the presence of medically active metabolites. Bacterial strains such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus vulgaris, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibited a strong zone of inhibition. Acetone extract exerts a potent zone of inhibition against P. aeruginosa compared to tetracycline. Fungi, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, and Penicillium sp., were used for the antifungal activity. It was observed that the highest zone of inhibition was noticed against A. niger in all the extracts. Interestingly, F. oxysporum and Penicillium sp. showed no zone of inhibition and were resistant to standard drug, fluconazole which was used as a control.

Conclusion: E. heterophylla latex extract was found to be more potent than the standard drugs which were used against both the bacterial and fungal strains.
BACTERIAL DNA EXTRACTION METHOD FOR THE DETECTION OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI FROM HUMAN FECAL SAMPLES
Authors: GUAMÁN JHOAN , BAYAS-MOREJÓN FAVIAN , BRITO ELENA , PAREDES NORMA
Published: June 2020

Objective: The work proposed the implementation of a method of DNA extraction for the detection of the pathogen from 50 stool samples.

Methods: A method of DNA extraction with Chelex resin was applied and then detected by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results: By PCR, 11 samples were positive for Helicobacter pylori.

Conclusions: The Chelex extraction methodology allows obtaining DNA with quality necessary to be detected by PCR, making it a fast methodology for its diagnostic application.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT AND PERIODONTAL HEALTH
Authors: HALIM HIMAWAN
Published: June 2020

There is a need to consider numerous factors in orthodontic treatment, including diagnosis before and during treatment. This activity is necessary to prevent the incidence of periodontal abnormalities or the aggravation of existing ones, which is possibly overcome through orthodontic treatment under certain circumstances.
SELECTIVE TRACE LEVEL DETERMINATION OF 1,4-DIOXANE CONTENT IN SODIUM LAURETH SULFATE RAW MATERIAL BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC-FLAME IONIZATION DETECTION METHOD
Authors: RAO KATAKAM LAKSHMI NARASIMHA , DONGALA THIRUPATHI
Published: June 2020

Objective: The study spotlights on a new gas chromatographic (GC) method with flame ionization detection technique that has been developed and validated for the selective determination of 1,4-dioxane content in sodium laureth sulfate (SLS), raw material.

Methods: The method was developed using a Thermo Scientific TR-1 (30 m×0.25 mm×1.0 μm) column with a carrier gas used as helium. The diluent used as purified water and the flow pressure of the carrier gas is 9.0 psi with a split ratio of 1:5. The optimized method was validated as per the ICH Q2 guidelines.

Results: Regression analysis confers a correlation coefficient for the stated compounds that are found to be greater than 0.999. The limit of quantitation and limit of detection are established at a sensitive determination level of 9 ppm and 3 ppm, respectively.

Conclusion: The validated and rugged GC method developed for the determination of 1,4-dioxane using a specific GC method in the SLS raw material. The recovery results prove the sound judgment in the determination of accuracy toward its evaluation. Hence, the validated analytical method was specific, selective, economical, and accurate for the determination of 1,4-dioxane by gas chromatographic method with flame ionization detection technique.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF TRANSDERMAL FILMS CONTAINING CELECOXIB INCLUSIONS FOR TREATING PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS
Authors: J MANASA , G SAI KUMAR , IRIVENTI PADMINI
Published: June 2020

Objective: The main objective of the present work was to prepare and evaluate transdermal films and creams of celecoxib inclusions which are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug to treat psoriatic arthritis.

Methods: Celecoxib inclusions were prepared using β-cyclodextrin to increase the solubility. These inclusions were incorporated in transdermal films. Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC), dibutyl phthalate, propylene glycol, and glycerin were used to prepare the film. Fourier transform infrared and differential scanning calorimetry studies were carried out for pure celecoxib and inclusions. Morphological properties, weight variation, surface pH, percentage elongation, folding endurance, in vitro disintegration, and in vitro diffusion studies were carried out for films.

Results: All the results obtained were within the limits and confirmed the prolonged drug release and increased solubility of celecoxib inclusions.

Conclusion: From the results obtained, increase in solubility of celecoxib drug was confirmed by forming inclusions using β-CD as polymer.
PREFORMULATION STUDIES OF PILOCARPINE HYDROCHLORIDE AS NIOSOMAL GELS FOR OCULAR DRUG DELIVERY
Authors: JAIN NEELAM , VERMA ANURAG
Published: June 2020

Objective: Pilocarpine hydrochloride is a direct acting cholinergic parasympathomimetic agent which directly stimulates cholinergic receptor (M3). It is a drug used in the treatment of chronic open-angle glaucoma for over 100 years. Designing a new ophthalmic dosage form for pilocarpine hydrochloride compels performing preformulation studies for drug. Therefore, the current aim of the study was to investigate some of the important physicochemical properties of pilocarpine hydrochloride which can help to select subsequent approaches during the development of niosomal gel for ocular use.

Methods: Preformulation studies of drug were carried out for identification (physical appearance, melting point, and UV spectrophotometric analysis), solubility profile, lipophilicity (partition coefficient), compatibility studies by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and thermal behavior by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

Results: The melting point of pilocarpine hydrochloride was found to be 204 ± 3○C. The log P value was found to be 1.12 ± 0.02, from which it can be interpreted that drug is highly hydrophilic in nature. The scanned λmax was found to be 215 nm. No significant changes were found when FTIR spectra of physical mixture compared with FTIR spectra of pure drug and excipients. This indicates absence of any possible interaction between the drug and excipients which confirms the identity and purity of drug. DSC thermogram of pure drug showed a sharp exothermic peak at 191.923○C (area=68.890 mJ, delta H = 22.963 J/g), indicating the crystal melting point of the drug.

Conclusion: These results suggest that the pilocarpine hydrochloride serves as suitable candidate for ocular drug delivery system.
DYSMENORRHEA AMONG FEMALE MEDICAL SCIENCES STUDENTS IN MACHS: PREVALENCE, PREDICTORS AND OUTCOME
Authors: KANNAN LATHA S , EG HASSAN , Lewis Sharell , Sivapalan Nisha , CASINGAL BERNADETTE , RM PALANIVEL
Published: June 2020

Objective: This study intended to determine the prevalence, predictors, and outcome of dysmenorrhea among female medical sciences students at Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences (MACHS), Dammam, Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was adopted, and 292 female medical sciences students of MACHS were selected using stratified random sampling. A semi-structured and self- administrated questionnaire was used to collect personal and socio-demographic information from the selected female medical sciences students. The information about the menstrual history, stress, and smoking were also gathered. The data analysis was carried out using the descriptive statistics and Chi-square test.

Results: The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 73.28% among female medical sciences students. Concerning the signs and symptoms of dysmenorrhea, the abdominal pain was predominant symptoms among 73.28% of the respondents, and it was found to be statistically significant (p≤0.05). Sleep disturbance was observed as the prominent outcome of dysmenorrhea, as reported by 64% of the respondents.
¿Se pueden pagar los alimentos con los fondos previsionales en la justicia de familia chilena?
Authors: Larroucau Torres Jorge
Published: June 2020

El alimentario es un litigante privilegiado que a pesar de las múltiples reglas procesales a su favor no logra, en muchos casos, el pago de la deuda. Este análisis demuestra que de acuerdo con la legislación chilena vigente el juez de familia puede ordenar el pago de los alimentos con los fondos previsionales del alimentante. Para acudir a esta forma de pago es necesario, desde un punto de vista general, emplear la analogía y descartar que se trate de una sanción para el alimentante y, en concreto, realizar una serie de distinciones relevantes tanto en el ámbito de la regulación previsional como familiar para fijar los límites de esta forma de pago en el juicio de alimentos.
Las indicaciones de origen geográfico de vinos en la legislación argentina
Authors: Molina Marcela Sandra
Published: June 2020

En el presente trabajo analizamos las peculiaridades del sistema de indicaciones de origen geográfico de los vinos en la República Argentina, pensado por el legislador como un régimen especial de protección de vinos de calidad en el marco de la política vitivinícola dirigida hacia la reconversión hacia vides calificadas como finas. La legislación estuvo encaminada en pos de esos objetivos, dejando amplios vacíos.

Estas particularidades inciden en la metodología y estructura normativa, su fuerte sesgo de derecho público, las amplias atribuciones de la autoridad administrativa para su registro y fiscalización.
10-LB: Dasiglucagon Ameliorates Postprandial Hypoglycemia after Roux-en-y Gastric Bypass
Authors: NIELSEN CASPER K. , OEHRSTROEM CAROLINE , KIELGAST URD , HANSEN DORTE L. , LUND ASGER , VILSBØLL TINA , KNOP FILIP K.
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Postprandial hypoglycemia is a frequent and debilitating complication following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) without effective treatments. In a proof-of-concept study, we investigated the effects of dasiglucagon, a novel, stable glucagon analog, on postprandial hypoglycemia after RYGB.

Methods: Ten RYGB-operated individuals with confirmed symptomatic postprandial hypoglycemia (plasma glucose concentration (PG) <3.5 mmol×L-1) completed a randomized crossover study consisting of three study days each including a standardized liquid mixed meal test (25 kJ per kg body mass; 50% carbohydrates, 35% fat and 15% protein). A subcutaneous injection of either placebo, 80 or 200 µg dasiglucagon (D80µg and D200µg) was administered after the postprandial PG peak, ten minutes before the projected time point where PG returned to fasting levels, using a subject-specific linear regression model. Blood sampling and assessment of hypoglycemic symptoms (Edinburgh Hypoglycemia Symptom Scale) were performed at fixed time intervals. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models and Tuckey’s corrections model for multiple comparisons.

Results: Compared with placebo, treatment with both D80µg and D200µg significantly increased nadir PG (placebo: 3.0±0.2 mmol×L-1; D80µg: 3.9±0.3 mmol×L-1; D200µg: 4.5±0.2 mmol×L-1; P=0.002 and P=0.0002) and PG incremental area under the curve (iAUC70-240min) after drug administration (placebo: 752±19 mmol×L-1×min; D80µg: 917±22 mmol×L-1×min; D200µg: 992±28 mmol×L-1×min; P<0.0001 and P<0.0001). Moreover, both doses reduced time spent in hypoglycemia (<3.9 mmol×L-1) (placebo: 62.0±8 min; D80µg: 27.5±12 min; D200µg: 14.0±9 min; P=0.05 and P=0.003). There were no significant changes in hypoglycemic symptoms between the three study days.

Conclusion: Administration of dasiglucagon effectively ameliorates postprandial hypoglycemia representing a promising new therapeutic option for management of postprandial hypoglycemia after RYGB.

Disclosure

C.K. Nielsen: None. C. Oehrstroem: None. U. Kielgast: None. D.L. Hansen: None. A. Lund: Speaker’s Bureau; Self; AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk A/S, Sanofi. T. Vilsbøll: Advisory Panel; Self; AstraZeneca, Mundipharma International, Novo Nordisk A/S, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Consultant; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Lilly Diabetes, Medscape, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Sanofi. F.K. Knop: Advisory Panel; Self; AstraZeneca, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Mundipharma International, Novo Nordisk A/S, Sanofi. Consultant; Self; Carmot Therapeutics, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk A/S. Research Support; Self; AstraZeneca, Gubra, Novo Nordisk A/S, Sanofi, Zealand Pharma A/S. Speaker’s Bureau; Self; AstraZeneca, Lupin Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Norgine B.V., Novo Nordisk A/S.
10-OR: Implementing CGM with a Family Behavioral Intervention (FBI) Reduces Psychosocial Distress in Parents of Children 2-8 Y/O: A Pre–Post Comparison
Authors: COMMISSARIAT PERSIS V. , KANAPKA LAUREN , MILLER KELLEE , HILLIARD MARISA E. , ANDERSON BARBARA , DIMEGLIO LINDA , LAFFEL LORI M.
Published: June 2020

Parents of young children with T1D face daily psychosocial stressors that may be mitigated or worsened by the use of diabetes technologies. We assessed psychosocial functioning in parents before and after beginning CGM supported by a FBI in youth 2-<8 y/o in the Strategies to Enhance New CGM Use in Early Childhood (SENCE) Study. SENCE had three treatment arms: CGM + FBI, CGM alone, and standard BG monitoring (BGM). We analyzed data from 44 children in the BGM group (47% male, 63% non-Hispanic white, age 6.7±1.8 yrs, T1D duration 3.2±2.0 yrs; 43% pump-treated, A1c 8.1±0.8%) who initiated CGM (Dexcom G5™) with FBI (behavioral support of CGM use) after 6 months. Parents completed validated measures of diabetes family impact (DFIS), technology satisfaction (DTQ), fear of hypoglycemia (FOH), and diabetes distress (PAID) at 6 (CGM start) and 12 months. Longitudinal models assessed change in psychosocial functioning. After 6 months of CGM use, parents reported greater technology satisfaction, reduced FOH (total and worry), and decreased diabetes distress (all p≤0.003), with a trend towards reduced family impact (p=0.06) (Figure). Implementing CGM in young children within the context of a tailored FBI intervention was associated with improved psychosocial outcomes for parents, reaffirming primary results of the SENCE Study and benefits of supported technology use.

Disclosure

P.V. Commissariat: None. L. Kanapka: None. K. Miller: None. M.E. Hilliard: None. B. Anderson: None. L. DiMeglio: None. L.M. Laffel: Advisory Panel; Self; Roche Diabetes Care. Consultant; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., ConvaTec Inc., Dexcom, Inc., Insulet Corporation, Insulogic LLC, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Lilly Diabetes, Novo Nordisk Inc., Sanofi US.

Funding

The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust
1017-P: Effects of the T:slim X2 Insulin Pump with Basal-IQ Technology on Glycemic Control in a Pediatric Urban Academic Diabetes Practice
Authors: WEINER ALYSON , ROBINSON ELIZABETH , GANDICA RACHELLE
Published: June 2020

The predictive low glucose suspend (PLGS) algorithm of the t:slimx2 insulin pump with Basal-IQ technology, which is used with the Dexcom G6 continuous glucose monitor (CGM), has been shown to reduce hypoglycemia, though the effect on glucose variability longitudinally in a real-world pediatric population is unknown.

We hypothesized that children and adolescents who obtain their care at an urban, academic diabetes center and use the PLGS algorithm would have improved glycemic outcomes, compared to their previous method of diabetes care.

We recruited pediatric patients aged 6-18 years old with T1D for >1 year prior to starting the PLGS system. At baseline, glycemic control was assessed using CGM or fingerstick glucose metrics. For the 3 month timepoint, Tandem T:connect software was used.

Of the 97 pediatric patients at our center with T1D for >1 year using the PLGS system, 41 pediatric subjects (51.2% female) with a median age of 13.6 years (range 6.6-17.8) and 3 month follow-up data were eligible for analysis. Baseline CSII and CGM use were 87.8% and 92.7%, respectively. Subjects were using Basal-IQ for a median of 92% of the time with 6 suspensions per day in the 2 weeks prior to 3 month follow-up. HbA1c, mean glucose, and percent time in range improved from 7.5%, 186 mg/dl and 51.9% on their previous diabetes care to 7.35%, 171 mg/dl and 57% after 3 months of Basal-IQ use (p= 0.005, p=0.03 and p=0.001). Percent time glucose below 55 mg/dl was a median of 0% at baseline and also at follow-up. There were no significant differences in coefficient of variation, percent time glucose below 70 mg/dl, and percent time glucose above 180 mg/dl. There were also no episodes of DKA or severe hypoglycemia after initiation of Basal-IQ in this cohort.

The t:slim x2 insulin pump with Basal-IQ technology resulted in improved HbA1c, mean glucose, and percent time in range in pediatric patients after 3 months of use, without an increase in hypoglycemia or adverse events. 6 month data is being analyzed.

Disclosure

A. Weiner: None. E. Robinson: None. R. Gandica: None.

Funding

National Institutes of Health (T32DK065522-14)
103-OR: Change in Lifetime Risk for Diabetes in the United States, 1997-2015
Authors: CHENG YILING J. , GREGG EDWARD W. , BRINKS RALPH , SAYDAH SHARON H. , ALBRIGHT ANN L. , IMPERATORE GIUSEPPINA
Published: June 2020

Lifetime risk (LR), a cumulative incidence estimate, is a key metric of disease burden that reflects the impact of baseline prevalence, incidence, and mortality risk. Previous studies in developed countries estimated LR of diabetes (DM) to be ∼35%. Since 2008 both DM incidence and mortality in persons with DM have decreased. The impact of those changes on LR of DM and years of potential life lost (YPLL) to DM is not known. We used data from 558,225 participants aged ≥20 years from the National Health Interview Survey to estimate LRs and YPLLs up to age 80 years by period: 1997-2000, 2001-2005, 2006-2010, and 2011-2015. The age-specific incidence of diagnosed DM and mortality by DM were estimated using Poisson regression. Multistate difference equation accounting for competing risk was used to model LR and YPLL. Age-sex-race adjusted DM incidence (%) for the four periods was 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, and 0.7, respectively (overall P < .001). LR followed the change in incidence and decreased significantly during last period (Figure); YPLL steadily decreased from 12.0 (11.8-12.2) in 1997-2000 to 8.9 (8.7-9.1) in 2011-2015. In 2011-2015, LR (%) and YPLL (years) were 36.6 (95% CI 36.2-37.0) and 9.7 (9.5-9.9) for men, and 36.5 (36.0-36.9) and 8.2 (8.0-8.4) for women, 32.3 (32.0-32.8) and 8.4 (8.2-8.6) for whites, and 46.8 (46.1-47.4) and 10.6 (10.3-11.0) for blacks. In the United States, LR and YPLL have declined, but disparities still persist.

Disclosure

Y.J. Cheng: None. E.W. Gregg: None. R. Brinks: None. S.H. Saydah: None. A.L. Albright: None. G. Imperatore: None.