bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determining optimal follow‐up in the management of human papillomavirus‐positive oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Frakes Jessica M. , Naghavi Arash O. , Demetriou Stephanie K. , Strom Tobin J. , Russell Jeffery S. , Kish Julie A. , McCaffrey Judith C. , Otto Kristen J. , Padhya Tapan A. , Harrison Louis B. , Trotti Andy M. , Caudell Jimmy J.
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND

Determining the optimal follow‐up for patients can help maximize the use of health care resources. This is particularly true in a growing epidemic such as human papillomavirus‐positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV+OPSCC). The objective of the current study was to evaluate time to disease recurrence or late toxicity in this cohort of patients to optimize patient management.

METHODS

An institutional database identified 232 patients with biopsy‐proven, nonmetastatic HPV+OPSCC who were treated with radiotherapy. A retrospective review was conducted in patients who were followed every 3 months for the first year, every 4 months in year 2, and every 6 months in years 3 to 5. Late toxicity (grade ≥ 3; toxicity was scored based on National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [version 4]), locoregional control, distant control, and overall survival were assessed.

RESULTS

The median follow‐up was 33 months. Based on Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 0129 study risk groupings, patients were either considered to be at low (162 patients; 70%) or intermediate (70 patients; 30%) risk. Concurrent systemic therapy was used in 85% of patients (196 patients). The 3‐year locoregional control, distant control, and overall survival rates were 94%, 91%, and 91%, respectively. Late toxicity occurred in 9% of patients (21 patients). Overall, 64% of toxicity and failure events occurred within the first 6 months of follow‐up, with a < 2% event incidence noted at each subsequent follow‐up. Only 4 patients experienced their first event after 2 years.

CONCLUSIONS

HPV+OPSCC has a low risk of disease recurrence and late toxicity after treatment; approximately two‐thirds of events occur within the first 6 months of follow‐up. These data suggest that it may be reasonable to reduce follow‐up in patients with HPV+OPSCC to every 3 months for the first 6 months, every 6 months for the first 2 years, and annually thereafter. Cancer 2016;122:634–641. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Towards Carbon‐Neutral CO2 Conversion to Hydrocarbons
Authors: Mattia Davide , Jones Matthew D. , O'Byrne Justin P. , Griffiths Owen G. , Owen Rhodri E. , Sackville Emma , McManus Marcelle , Plucinski Pawel
Published: November 2015

With fossil fuels still predicted to contribute close to 80 % of the primary energy consumption by 2040, methods to limit further CO2 emissions in the atmosphere are urgently needed to avoid the catastrophic scenarios associated with global warming. In parallel with improvements in energy efficiency and CO2 storage, the conversion of CO2 has emerged as a complementary route with significant potential. In this work we present the direct thermo‐catalytic conversion of CO2 to hydrocarbons using a novel iron nanoparticle–carbon nanotube (Fe@CNT) catalyst. We adopted a holistic and systematic approach to CO2 conversion by integrating process optimization—identifying reaction conditions to maximize conversion and selectivity towards long chain hydrocarbons and/or short olefins—with catalyst optimization through the addition of promoters. The result is the production of valuable hydrocarbons in a manner that can approach carbon neutrality under realistic industrial process conditions.
Saturation monitoring of VX15/2503, a novel semaphorin 4D‐specific antibody, in clinical trials
Authors: Fisher Terrence L. , Seils Jennifer , Reilly Christine , Litwin Virginia , Green Lisa , Salkowitz‐Bokal Janelle , Walsh Robin , Harville Sarah , Leonard John E. , Smith Ernest , Zauderer Maurice
Published: November 2015

Background

Receptor occupancy, or saturation, assays are often utilized in preclinical and clinical development programs to evaluate the binding of a biologic to a cellular target. These assays provide critical information regarding the dose of drug required to “saturate” the target as well as important pharmacodymamic (PD) data. A flow cytometric method was developed to measure the degree of Semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D; CD100) saturation by VX15/2303, an investigational monoclonal antibody specific for SEMA4D.

Methods

The assay detects VX15/2503, a human IgG4 specific for SEMA4D, with an IgG4‐specific monoclonal antibody.

Results

Data generated allowed assessment of two related SEMA4D‐specific pharmacodynamic (PD) markers: (1) The measurement of cellular SEMA4D (cSEMA4D) saturation by VX15/2503, and (2) the cell membrane expression levels of cSEMA4D.

Conclusions

This assay specifically and reproducibly measured cSEMA4D saturation and expression levels. Evaluation of the SEMA4D‐specific PD markers were critical in determining the clinical saturation threshold of cSEMA4D by VX15/2503. © 2015 he Authors Cytometry Part B: Clinical Cytometry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Population genetic structure of the predatory, social wasp Vespula pensylvanica in its native and invasive range
Authors: Chau Linh M. , Hanna Cause , Jenkins Laurel T. , Kutner Rachel E. , Burns Elizabeth A. , Kremen Claire , Goodisman Michael A. D.
Published: November 2015

Invasive species cause extensive damage to their introduced ranges. Ocean archipelagos are particularly vulnerable to invasive taxa. In this study, we used polymorphic microsatellite markers to investigate the genetic structure of the social wasp Vespula pensylvanica in its native range of North America and its introduced range in the archipelago of Hawaii. Our goal was to gain a better understanding of the invasion dynamics of social species and the processes affecting biological invasions. We found that V. pensylvanica showed no significant genetic isolation by distance and little genetic structure over a span of 2000 km in its native range. This result suggests that V. pensylvanica can successfully disperse across large distances either through natural‐ or human‐mediated mechanisms. In contrast to the genetic patterns observed in the native range, we found substantial genetic structure in the invasive V. pensylvanica range in Hawaii. The strong patterns of genetic differentiation within and between the Hawaiian Islands may reflect the effects of geographic barriers and invasion history on gene flow. We also found some evidence for gene flow between the different islands of Hawaii which was likely mediated through human activity. Overall, this study provides insight on how geographic barriers, invasion history, and human activity can shape population genetic structure of invasive species.
Paternity analysis reveals significant isolation and near neighbor pollen dispersal in small Cariniana legalis Mart. Kuntze populations in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: Tambarussi Evandro V. , Boshier David , Vencovsky Roland , Freitas Miguel L. M. , Sebbenn Alexandre M.
Published: November 2015

Throughout the world, large trees are increasingly rare. Cariniana legalis is the tallest tree species of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, reaching up to 60 m in height. Due to extensive deforestation of the Atlantic Forest, remnant C. legalis populations are small and spatially isolated, requiring the development of strategies for their conservation. For in situ and ex situ genetic conservation to be effective, it is important to understand the levels and patterns of spatial genetic structure (SGS), and gene flow. We investigated SGS and pollen flow in three small, physically isolated C. legalis stands using microsatellite loci. We measured, mapped, and sampled all C. legalis trees in the three stands: 65 trees from Ibicatu population, 22 trees from MGI, and 4 trees from MGII. We also collected and genotyped 600 seeds from Ibicatu, 250 seeds from MGI, and 200 seeds from MGII. Significant SGS was detected in Ibicatu up to 150 m, but substantial levels of external pollen flow were also detected in Ibicatu (8%), although not in MGI (0.4%) or MGII (0%). Selfing was highest in MGII (18%), the smallest group of trees, compared to MGI (6.4%) and Ibicatu (6%). In MGI and MGII, there was a strong pattern of mating among near‐neighbors. Seed collection strategies for breeding, in situ and ex situ conservation and ecological restoration, must ensure collection from seed trees located at distances greater than 350 m and from several forest fragments.
A Modular Approach towards Meso­porous Silica Monoliths with Organically Modified Pore Walls: Nucleophilic Addition, Olefin Metathesis, and Cycloaddition
Authors: Göbel Ronald , Stoltenberg Marcus , Krehl Stefan , Biolley Christine , Rothe Regina , Schmidt Bernd , Hesemann Peter , Taubert Andreas
Published: November 2015

We have synthesized mesoporous silica (monoliths) with defined surface chemistry by means of a number of addition reactions: (i) coupling of an isocyanate to a surface‐immobilized thiol, (ii) addition of an epoxide to a surface‐immobilized thiol, (iii) cross‐metathesis between two olefins, and (iv) Huisgen [2+3] cycloaddition of an alkyne‐functionalized silica monolith with an azide. Functionalization of the mesopores was observed, but there are significant differences between individual approaches. Isocyanate and epoxide additions lead to high degrees of functionalization, whereas olefin metathesis and [2+3] cycloaddition are less effective. We further show that the efficiency of the modification is about twice as high in mesoporous silica particles than in macroscopic silica monoliths.
Optically Active P5‐Deltacyclenes: A Unique Cage‐Inversion Reaction and Some Transition‐Metal Complexes of the Rearranged Cage
Authors: Höhn Christine , Bauer Walter , Heinemann Frank W. , Huguet Torrell Sergi , Keller Irene C. , Rohwer Lars , Shubina Tatyana E. , Zenneck Ulrich
Published: November 2015

Cage‐chiral P5‐deltacyclene 1 is available as a pair of highly enriched P–C cage enantiomers 1′ and 1″, which exist as pairs of epimers a and b. Deprotonation of cage atom P1 initiates a rearrangement reaction, in which P1 and the neighboring carbon atom C4, together with its substituent, change places to form optically active iso‐P5‐deltacyclene enantiomers 6″ and 6′, again as pairs of epimers. The CD spectra of related pairs of optically active cages 1 and 6 consist of almost mirror‐symmetric curves, an indicator of mirror‐symmetric cage structures. This surprising result was verified by an absolute structure determination of the W(CO)5 complex 9a″. With the exception of the two cage nuclei that had changed places in relation to starting material 1′, all other cage nuclei of rearrangement product 6a″ occupy mirror‐symmetric positions. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first cage‐inversion reaction of an optically active compound. P1 is the only active donor center of 6 involved in the bonding of M(CO)5 fragments (M = Cr, Mo, W). The chiroptical properties of Cr(CO)5 complex 7a′ and W(CO)5 complex 9a″ are almost mirror‐symmetric and resemble those of the free cages 6′ and 6″, respectively. The coordinated transition‐metal complex fragments do not contribute significantly to the Cotton effects of the P–C cage. A DFT analysis of the deprotonated cage anions [1 – H]– and [6 – H]– predicts a driving force of –20.3 kcal mol–1 for the rearrangement reaction.
Macrocyclic Platinum(II) Complexes with a Bifunctional Diphosphine Ligand
Authors: Pascui Andrea E. , van Rees Karlotta , Zant Dirk W. , Broere Daniël L. J. , Siegler Maxime A. , van der Vlugt Jarl Ivar
Published: November 2015

The preparation and coordination chemistry of a ditopic ligand scaffold (1H2), containing both a phosphorus‐donor (P) and a nitrogen‐donor (N) binding pocket, is reported. The ligand was synthesized by reductive amination from 3‐(diphenylphosphino)benzaldehyde and N‐(2‐aminophenyl)‐N‐methylbenzene‐1,2‐diamine. Selective coordination in the P‐pocket was achieved for PtII, with careful control over the reaction conditions and precursor materials providing access to either the thermodynamic cis isomer, cis‐PtCl2(1H2) (2), or the kinetic trans isomer, trans‐PtCl2(1H2) (3). Both species have been fully characterized both in the solid state and in solution. Thermodynamic parameters for isomerization processes of 2 and 3 have been determined. Halide abstraction from 2 and 3 led to formation of cis‐[Pt(CH3CN)(Cl)(1H2)]BF4 and trans‐[Pt(CH3CN)(Cl)(1H2)]BF4.
Base‐Promoted Approach to Highly Functionalized Conjugated Dienes through Enamine Migration
Authors: Zhao Yulei , Zhang Fangfang , Yao Wenjun , Wang Chengyu , Liu Yuanyuan , Li Yanzhong
Published: November 2015

An efficient and chemoselective nitrogen nucleophilic addition/enamine migration cascade reaction was explored, in which a range of enaminones and propynyl carbonyl compounds were converted into highly functionalized conjugated diene derivatives in good to high yields. The mechanism of the intermolecular enamine migration pathway was proposed according to the results of a cross reaction. This method provides a new and direct approach for the synthesis of conjugated diene motifs.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed [4+3] Cycloaddition to Furans: Direct Access to Functionalized Bicyclo[5.3.0]decane Derivatives
Authors: Krainz Tanja , Chow Sharon , Korica Natasa , Bernhardt Paul V. , Boyle Glen M. , Parsons Peter G. , Davies Huw M. L. , Williams Craig M.
Published: November 2015

An efficient method to directly access the bicyclo[5.3.0]decane core was achieved by rhodium‐catalyzed reaction of a novel donor–acceptor cyclopentenyl diazocarboxylate with a variety of furans. As this motif is commonly found within bioactive antitumor natural products, selected systems were further manipulated and evaluated against cancer cell lines sensitive to protein kinase C (PKC) activation.
Electrochemical Activation of Graphite Nanosheets Decorated with Palladium Nanoparticles for High Performance Amperometric Hydrazine Sensor
Authors: Karuppiah Chelladurai , Velmurugan Murugan , Chen Shen‐Ming , Devasenathipathy Rajkumar , Karthik Raj , Wang Sea‐Fue
Published: November 2015

Herein, we have demonstrated a preparation of palladium nanoparticles on electroactivated graphite nanosheets modified screen printed carbon electrode (PdNPs‐EGNS/SPCE) by a simple electrochemical method. The well‐prepared electrocatalyst was potentially applied to the high performance electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrazine in neutral medium. The PdNPs‐EGNS novel composite was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the average diameter and thickness of PdNPs and EGNS were found to be ∼38 nm and 85 nm, respectively. The high performance electrocatalytic determination of hydrazine was performed by the amperometric i‐t method. The fabricated sensor displayed irreversible electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrazine with diffusion‐controlled electrode process. The oxidation of hydrazine at PdNPs‐EGNS/SPCE showed wider linear range 0.05–1415 µM and high sensitivity 4.382 µA µM−1 cm−2. The as‐prepared electrocatalyst achieved quick response towards hydrazine with a lower detection limit 4 nM.
(Bio)electroanalytical Applications of Carbon Nanoparticles
Authors: Szot Katarzyna , Opallo Marcin
Published: November 2015

Most recent application of carbon nanoparticles in electroanalysis are rewieved. After brief introduction on a variety of carbon nanomaterials, the methods of functionalisation or doping of carbon nanoparticles are presented. Next the techniques of their immobilization on the electrode surface are reviewed with special emphasis on layer‐by‐layer deposition and polymer film encapsulation. Then electrochemical properties of carbon nanoparticulate electrodes are presented with the emphasis on their electrocatalytic behavior. Finally the works on bioelectrocatalytic carbon nanoparticulate electrodes modified with enzymes or other biomaterial are reviewed.
A long-term assessment of pesticide mixture effects on aquatic invertebrate communities
Authors: Hasenbein Simone , Lawler Sharon P. , Geist Juergen , Connon Richard E.
Published: November 2015

To understand the potential effects of pesticide mixtures on aquatic ecosystems, studies that incorporate increased ecological relevance are crucial. Using outdoor mesocosms, the authors examined long-term effects on aquatic invertebrate communities of tertiary mixtures of commonly used pesticides: 2 pyrethroids (permethrin, λ-cyhalothrin) and an organophosphate (chlorpyrifos). Application scenarios were based on environmentally relevant concentrations and stepwise increases of lethal concentrations from 10% (LC10) to 50% (LC50) based on laboratory tests on Hyalella azteca and Chironomus dilutus; repeated applications were meant to generally reflect runoff events in a multiple-grower or homeowner watershed. Pyrethroids rapidly dissipated from the water column, whereas chlorpyrifos was detectable even 6 wk after application. Twelve of 15 macroinvertebrate and 10 of 16 zooplankton taxa responded to contaminant exposures. The most sensitive taxa were the snail Radix sp., the amphipod H. azteca, the water flea Daphnia magna, and copepods. Environmentally relevant concentrations had acute effects on D. magna and H. azteca (occurring 24 h after application), whereas lag times were more pronounced in Radix sp. snails and copepods, indicating chronic sublethal responses. Greatest effects on zooplankton communities were observed in environmentally relevant concentration treatments. The results indicate that insecticide mixtures continue to impact natural systems over multiple weeks, even when no longer detectable in water and bound to particles. Combinations of indirect and direct effects caused consequences across multiple trophic levels. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:218–232. © 2015 SETAC
Stability of methylation markers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Virani Shama , Light Emily , Peterson Lisa A. , Sartor Maureen A. , Taylor Jeremy M. G. , McHugh Jonathan B. , Wolf Gregory T. , Rozek Laura S. ,   and Investigators of the University of Michigan Head and Neck Specialized Programs of Research Excellence (SPORE) Program
Published: November 2015

Background

As cancer progresses, methylation patterns change to promote the tumorigenic phenotype. However, stability of methylation markers over time and the extent that biopsy samples are representative of larger tumor specimens are unknown. This information is critical for clinical use of such biomarkers.

Methods

Ninety‐eight patients with tumor specimens from 2 timepoints were measured for DNA methylation in the promoter regions across 4 genes.

Results

There were no significant differences in overall methylation of CCNA1 (cyclin A1), NDN (necdin), deleted in colorectal carcinoma (DCC), and cluster of differentiation 1a (CD1A) within paired specimens (p values = .56, .17, .66, and .58, respectively). All genes showed strong correlations between paired specimens across time. Methylation was most consistent for CCNA1 and NDN over time.

Conclusion

This report provides the first evidence that methylation markers measured in biopsy samples are representative of gene methylation in later specimens and suggests that biopsy markers could be representative biomarkers for use in defining personalized treatment utilizing epigenetic changes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Head Neck 38: E1325–E1331, 2016
Antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis B viral infection during pregnancy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Brown Robert S. , McMahon Brian J. , Lok Anna S.F. , Wong John B. , Ahmed Ahmed T. , Mouchli Mohamed A. , Wang Zhen , Prokop Larry J. , Murad Mohammad Hassan , Mohammed Khaled
Published: November 2015

Perinatal or mother‐to‐child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains the major risk factor for chronic HBV infection worldwide. In addition to hepatitis B immune globulin and vaccination, oral antiviral therapies in highly viremic mothers can further decrease MTCT of HBV. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to synthesize the evidence on the efficacy and maternal and fetal safety of antiviral therapy during pregnancy. A protocol was developed by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases guideline writing committee. We searched multiple databases for controlled studies that enrolled pregnant women with chronic HBV infection treated with antiviral therapy. Outcomes of interest were reduction of MTCT and adverse outcomes to mothers and newborns. Study selection and data extraction were done by pairs of independent reviewers. We included 26 studies that enrolled 3622 pregnant women. Antiviral therapy reduced MTCT, as defined by infant hepatitis B surface antigen seropositivity (risk ratio = 0.3, 95% confidence interval 0.2‐0.4) or infant HBV DNA seropositivity (risk ratio = 0.3, 95% confidence interval 0.2‐0.5) at 6‐12 months. No significant differences were found in the congenital malformation rate, prematurity rate, and Apgar scores. Compared to control, lamivudine or telbivudine improved maternal HBV DNA suppression at delivery and during 4‐8 weeks' postpartum follow‐up. Tenofovir showed improvement in HBV DNA suppression at delivery. No significant differences were found in postpartum hemorrhage, cesarean section, and elevated creatinine kinase rates. Conclusions: Antiviral therapy improves HBV suppression and reduces MTCT in women with chronic HBV infection with high viral load compared to the use of hepatitis B immunoglobulin and vaccination alone; the use of telbivudine, lamivudine, and tenofovir appears to be safe in pregnancy with no increased adverse maternal or fetal outcome. (Hepatology 2016;63:319–333)
Novel treatment for early‐stage nasal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma: intra‐maxillary arterial infusion chemotherapy with concomitant radiotherapy
Authors: Takahara Miki , Nagato Toshihiro , Kishibe Kan , Ueda Seigo , Komabayashi Yuki , Yamashina Masaaki , Takahashi Kouji , Harabuchi Yasuaki
Published: November 2015

Nasal natural killer (NK)/T‐cell lymphoma (NNKTL) displays unusual clinicopathological features, and the prognosis is very poor, even in the early stages of the disease. For early stage NNKTL, we have developed a novel chemoradiotherapy regimen incorporating arterial infusion chemotherapy, administered via the superficial temporal artery, in combination with radiotherapy. The novel arterial infusion regimen consists of ifosfamide, carboplatin, methotrexate, peplomycin, and etoposide (MPVIC‐P). From 2003 to 2011, 12 patients with early stage NNKTL were treated with the MPVIC‐P regimen via arterial infusion with concomitant radiotherapy (54 Gy). We have previously reported on the presence of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) genetic DNA in NNKTL. Therefore, the effect of the treatment was evaluated by using both clinical findings and serum EBV DNA copy number. The observation period ranged from 39 months to 111 months post‐treatment (median: 81 months). All 12 patients achieved and maintained complete remission and, to date, show no sign of relapse. Serum EBV DNA copy numbers decreased to below detectable levels in all 12 patients tested. Manageable mucositis was the most common grade 3–4 toxicity, and it was seen in 10 (83%) patients. However, grade 3–4 hematological toxicity was only seen in 4 (33%) patients. We conclude that our regimen of intra‐maxillary arterial chemotherapy with concomitant radiotherapy is an effective treatment with minimal toxicity for early stage NNKTL. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of Viscous Dissipation on non‐Darcy Mixed Convection Flow of Nanofluid
Authors: Marudappa Shekar , Jawali C. Umavathi
Published: November 2015

In this paper, the steady fully developed non‐Darcy mixed convection flow of a nanofluid in a vertical channel filled with a porous medium with different viscous dissipation models is analyzed. The Brinkman‐Forchheimer extended Darcy model is used to describe the fluid flow pattern in the channel. The transport equations for a nanofluid are solved analytically using the seminumerical‐analytical method known as differential transformation method, and numerically with the Runge‐Kutta shooting method. Finally, the influence of pertinent parameters, such as solid volume fraction, different nanoparticles, mixed convection parameter, Brinkman number, Darcy number, and inertial parameter on the velocity and temperature fields are shown graphically. The results show that velocity and temperature are enhanced when the mixed convection parameter, Brinkman number, and Darcy number increases whereas solid volume fraction and inertial parameter decreases the velocity and temperature fields. The obtained results show that the nanofluid enhances the heat transfer process significantly.
Impulsivity as a precedent factor for problematic Internet use: How can we be sure?
Authors: Chen Ssu‐Kuang , Lo Meng‐Ting , Lin Sunny S. J.
Published: November 2015

Previous research has suggested that problematic Internet use (PIU) is associated with impulse control disorder. Although researchers have suggested that impulsivity is a risk factor for PIU, the literature lacks longitudinal evidence on the relationship between impulsivity and PIU. We aimed to use a cross‐lagged analytic framework to identify temporal order effects and hypothesised that impulsivity was the precedent factor for PIU. In a panel sample of college students (N = 367), trait impulsivity and PIU were measured in the spring of freshman year and in their junior year. The measures included a self‐developed PIU Scale and the revised Impulsiveness Scale based on Barratt's concept. We found that “non‐planning impulsivity” was not associated with PIU. The “motor impulsivity” subfactor was thus adopted in the cross‐lagged model. The results suggest that motor impulsivity and PIU were stable across time. Motor impulsivity at Time 1 positively predicted PIU at Time 2, but PIU at Time 1 did not predict motor impulsivity at Time 2. A further investigation using gender as a moderator found a gender difference in the temporal relationship. Because motor impulsivity is a risk factor for PIU, potential prevention strategies based on this result are suggested.
Hybrid method of strain estimation in optical coherence elastography using combined sub‐wavelength phase measurements and supra‐pixel displacement tracking
Authors: Zaitsev Vladimir Y. , Matveyev Alexander L. , Matveev Lev A. , Gelikonov Grigory V. , Gubarkova Ekaterina V. , Gladkova Natalia D. , Vitkin Alex
Published: November 2015

A novel hybrid method which combines sub‐wavelength‐scale phase measurements and pixel‐scale displacement tracking for robust strain mapping in compressional optical coherence elastography is proposed. Unlike majority of OCE methods it does not rely on initial reconstruction of displacements and does not suffer from the phase‐wrapping problem for super‐wavelength displacements. Its robustness is enabled by direct fitting of local phase gradients obviating the necessity of phase unwrapping and error‐prone numerical differentiation. Furthermore, axial displacements significantly exceeding not only the optical wavelength, but pixel scales (i.e., multiple wavelengths) can be efficiently tracked and compensated. This feature strongly reduces errors in phase‐gradient estimation and ensures high robustness with respect to both additive and decorrelation noises.

Illustration of exceptionally high tolerance of the proposed method to noises: contrast of only 25% in the stiffness of the layers is clearly seen in the strain map even for equal intensities of the OCT signal and additive noise (SNR = 0 dB).

magnified image

Illustration of exceptionally high tolerance of the proposed method to noises: contrast of only 25% in the stiffness of the layers is clearly seen in the strain map even for equal intensities of the OCT signal and additive noise (SNR = 0 dB).
AKT as Locus of Cancer Unknown Primary Site
Authors: Radisavljevic Ziv
Published: November 2015

Cancer of unknown primary site is a metastasis developed by the positive feedback loops of primary cancer forming extreme cancer robustness. Such robustness occurs only in metastatic cancer or in relapsed lymphoma, myeloma, plasmocytoma, or leukemia. However, when it develops in primary cancer, hypoxic microenvironment generates positive feedback loops which hyperactivate AKT locus, forming extreme robustness that forcing cancer cells to migrate to the distant site, but primary cancer loosing that property or remains silent. Positive loops are the force and principal mechanism of metastasis development. A cancer cell is converted normal cell. Conversion occurs at the AKT genomic locus. Thus, cancer is genomic disease rather than disease of the specific organs. Targeting such locus by the locus chemotherapy (redox balance change) rather than by organ specific therapy results in conversion of positive loops into negative and disappearance of extreme robustness and malignant phenotype of the cancer unknown primary origin. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1066–1068, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Kallikrein Promotes Inflammation in Human Dental Pulp Cells Via Protease‐Activated Receptor‐1
Authors: Hayama Tomomi , Kamio Naoto , Okabe Tatsu , Muromachi Koichiro , Matsushima Kiyoshi
Published: November 2015

Plasma kallikrein (KLKB1), a serine protease, cleaves high‐molecular weight kininogen to produce bradykinin, a potent vasodilator and pro‐inflammatory peptide. In addition, KLKB1 activates plasminogen and other leukocyte and blood coagulation factors and processes pro‐enkephalin, prorenin, and C3. KLKB1 has also been shown to cleave protease‐activated receptors in vascular smooth muscle cells to regulate the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor. In this study, we investigated KLKB1‐dependent inflammation and activation of protease‐activated receptor‐1 in human dental pulp cells. These cells responded to KLKB1 stimulation by increasing intracellular Ca2+, upregulating cyclooxygenase‐2, and secreting prostaglandin E2. Remarkably, SCH79797, an antagonist of protease‐activated receptor‐1, blocked these effects. Thus, these data indicate that KLKB1 induces inflammatory reactions in human dental tissues via protease‐activated receptor 1. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1522–1528, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pomegranate peel extract decreases small intestine lipid peroxidation by enhancing activities of major antioxidant enzymes
Authors: Al‐Gubory Kaïs H , Blachier François , Faure Patrice , Garrel Catherine
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND

Pomegranate peel extract (PPE) contains several compounds with antioxidative properties. PPE added to foods may interact with endogenous antioxidants and promote health. However, little is known about the biochemical mechanisms by which PPE exerts their actions on tissues of biological systems in vivo. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of PPE on activities of antioxidant enzymes. Mice were used to investigate the effects of PPE on plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), tissue MDA content and activities of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), SOD2 and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in the small intestine, liver and skeletal muscle – different tissues involved in the digestion, absorption and metabolism of dietary nutrients. Control mice were fed a standard diet, whereas treated mice were fed for 40 days with the standard diet containing 5% or 10% PPE.

RESULTS

Mice fed the 10% PPE diet exhibited lower plasma MDA concentrations, reduced content of MDA in the small intestine and liver and higher levels of SOD1 and GPX activities in the small intestine compared to mice fed the control diet.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings demonstrate that intake of PPE in diet attenuates small intestine lipid peroxidation and strengthens the first line of small intestine antioxidant defense by enhancing enzymatic antioxidative pathways. PPE is worthy of further study as a therapeutic approach to prevent peroxidative stress‐induced gut pathogenesis. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Warmth and nociceptive evoked potentials in cold‐induced sweating syndrome type 1
Authors: Testani Elisa , Della Marca Giacomo , La Torraca Ilaria , Vollono Catello , Crisponi Giangiorgio , Zampino Giuseppe , Valeriani Massimiliano
Published: November 2015

Introduction

Cold‐induced sweating syndrome type 1 (CISS1), is a rare, severe, autosomal recessive disease. It is characterized by morphological alterations and profuse sweating when ambient temperature is <22 °C. Although some individuals with CISS1 have decreased pain perception, no study has been conducted to evaluate thermal and pain sensations in these patients. The aim of this study was to assess the function of the nociceptive Aδ‐fibers and warmth C‐fibers by using CO2 laser‐evoked potentials (LEPs) in patients affected by CISS1.

Methods

Four patients were studied. Laser pulses were applied to the skin of the right hand and the perioral region at painful intensity to record Aδ‐LEPs, and at non‐painful intensity to obtain C‐LEPs. Fifteen healthy subjects were studied for control purposes.

Results

No significant difference in latencies or amplitudes of either Aδ‐ or C‐LEPs was found between the 2 groups.

Conclusion

Cutaneous nociceptive and warmth pathway functions are normal in CISS1. Muscle Nerve 54: 100–103, 2016
COMPARING SCHOOL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY INTERNSHIP APPLICANT CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Mahoney Emery B. , Perfect Michelle M. , Edwinson Roxanne M.
Published: November 2015

The ratio of internship applicants to internship positions listed in the online directory of the Association of Psychology Postdoctoral and Internship Centers (APPIC) is estimated at 1.23:1. In , approximately 14% of all students who participated in the match were not placed. Although the internship crisis impacts students in clinical, counseling, and school psychology programs, school psychology applicants are least successful in matching to APPIC‐member and American Psychological Association (APA)‐accredited internship programs. Of the APA‐accredited internships that feature one of more child rotations, school psychology applicants are not permitted to apply to 51.21% of them. The purpose of the current study was to examine the pre‐internship experiences and qualifications of school and clinical psychology trainees applying to at least one child‐focused, APA‐accredited internship. Results showed that clinical students accumulated significantly more intervention hours with adults than children. School psychology students wrote significantly more integrated assessment reports. The implications of these findings in light of the ongoing internship crisis for school psychology trainees, doctoral training programs, and internship programs are discussed.
Weight fluctuation during adulthood and weight gain since breast cancer diagnosis predict multiple dimensions of body image among rural breast cancer survivors
Authors: Fazzino Tera L. , Hunter Rebecca Clausius , Sporn Nora , Christifano Danielle N. , Befort Christie A.
Published: November 2015

Objective

Obesity and weight gain after breast cancer treatment are common among survivors, yet the relationship between weight and body image has received little attention. The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationship between current body mass index, weight gain since diagnosis, and largest weight fluctuation in adulthood with six dimensions of body image among overweight/obese breast cancer survivors.

Methods

The current study used data obtained from a weight control trial with 210 rural overweight/obese breast cancer survivors. Using data collected at baseline, multiple regression models were constructed to examine the relative association of the three weight variables with breast cancer‐specific dimensions of body image while controlling for demographic characteristics and cancer treatment‐related variables.

Results

Largest weight fluctuation in adulthood significantly predicted overall body image (p = 0.01) and was associated with the three socially oriented dimensions of body image: social activity restriction, embarrassment about appearance, and sexuality (all ps = 0.01). Weight gain since diagnosis approached statistical significance in predicting overall body image (p = 0.05) and was associated with embarrassment about appearance (p = 0.03). Current body mass index was not significantly associated with overall body image when controlling for the other weight variables (p = 0.07) and was negatively associated with social activity restriction (p = 0.01) and sexuality (p = 0.01).

Conclusions

Obese breast cancer survivors with a history of a large weight fluctuation in adulthood may be prone to poorer breast cancer‐specific body image several years after treatment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changing Determinants of Low Fertility and Diffusion: a Spatial Analysis for Italy
Authors: Vitali Agnese , Billari Francesco C.
Published: November 2015

Italy is a case study in lowest‐low fertility. Its internal heterogeneity is substantial and changing over time. The paper has two main aims. First, it aims at investigating whether the theoretical framework offered by the diffusionist perspective to fertility transition could still be relevant in explaining fertility changes in contemporary advanced societies. Second, the paper aims at investigating if and how the associations between fertility and a series of indicators of secularisation, female occupation, contribution of fertility of immigrants, and economic development change across space and over time. We make use of geographically weighted regressions and spatial panel regressions to model explicitly spatial dependence in fertility among Italian provinces over the period between 1999 and 2010. Results show that spatial dependence in provincial fertility persists even after controlling for standard correlates of fertility, consistently with a diffusionist perspective. Further, the local association between fertility and its correlates is not homogeneous across provinces. The strength and in some cases also the direction of such associations vary spatially, suggesting that the determinants of low fertility change across space. Finally, the associations between fertility and its correlates change over time. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxidation effect of ammonium persulfate on the supercapacitive properties of β‐Ni(OH)2 nanosheets
Authors: Wang Minmin , Ma Wenle , Xue Junying , Zhang Fangming , Cui Hongtao
Published: November 2015

β‐Ni(OH)2 nanosheets with high electrochemical performance were synthesized under in situ oxidation of ammonium persulfate by a simple precipitation method. The synthetic procedure included a precipitation step using sodium hydroxides as precipitation agent and an oxidation step using ammonium persulfate as oxidant. Due to the increased overpotential and the reduced difference between anodic and cathodic potential, the as‐prepared material presented a high specific capacity of 999 C g−1 at current density of 1.7 A g−1, which is nearly equal to the theoretical value of β‐Ni(OH)2. It is worth noticing that the material kept a high capacity of 509 C g−1 at high current density of 33.9 A g−1. Combined with the advantage of high electrochemical stability, these results suggest that the material is a highly promising candidate for application in supercapacitor.
Multiple imputation and analysis for high‐dimensional incomplete proteomics data
Authors: Yin Xiaoyan , Levy Daniel , Willinger Christine , Adourian Aram , Larson Martin G.
Published: November 2015

Multivariable analysis of proteomics data using standard statistical models is hindered by the presence of incomplete data. We faced this issue in a nested case–control study of 135 incident cases of myocardial infarction and 135 pair‐matched controls from the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort. Plasma protein markers (K = 861) were measured on the case–control pairs (N = 135), and the majority of proteins had missing expression values for a subset of samples. In the setting of many more variables than observations (K ≫ N), we explored and documented the feasibility of multiple imputation approaches along with subsequent analysis of the imputed data sets. Initially, we selected proteins with complete expression data (K = 261) and randomly masked some values as the basis of simulation to tune the imputation and analysis process. We randomly shuffled proteins into several bins, performed multiple imputation within each bin, and followed up with stepwise selection using conditional logistic regression within each bin. This process was repeated hundreds of times. We determined the optimal method of multiple imputation, number of proteins per bin, and number of random shuffles using several performance statistics. We then applied this method to 544 proteins with incomplete expression data (≤40% missing values), from which we identified a panel of seven proteins that were jointly associated with myocardial infarction. © 2015 The Authors. Statistics in Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Modelling the catenary effect in the progressive collapse analysis of concrete structures
Authors: Naji Arash
Published: November 2015

Progressive collapse is a phenomenon in which local failure of a structural component due to a gas explosion or blast may lead to failure of the entire structure or a significant part of it. RC structures can resist progressive collapse through various mechanisms such as frame action and catenary action.

In this paper, the effect of catenary action on the resistance of concrete frame structures to progressive collapse is modelled using limit analysis. Non‐linear optimization is performed for this. It is observed that although frame action is known to be the main mechanism resisting progressive collapse, at the end of this action, after rupture of bottom bars, catenary effects may bring about a noticeable increase in the resistance of the structure. The results show good agreement with the experimental results of other researchers.
Time‐variant reliability analysis of RC bridge girders subjected to corrosion – shear limit state
Authors: Vatteri Ahsana Parammel , Balaji Rao K. , Bharathan Anoop M.
Published: November 2015

Chloride‐induced corrosion of reinforced concrete (RC) bridge girders has led to a huge loss of national resources. One of the important concerns affecting RC bridge girders is corrosion of the stirrups, which can even cause the failure mechanism to change from a ductile flexural mode to a brittle shear mode. Hence, analysis of the reduction in shear capacity overtime is essential in the reliability assessment of bridge girders, which is the topic of the paper. This paper proposes a stochastic modelling approach for estimating the time‐variant shear capacity and reliability within the framework of a Monte Carlo simulation, which assists in the sustainability‐based service life design of bridge girders. Such modern design concepts require methodologies for estimating whole life cost at the design stage itself. The development of such methodologies would provide the designer with various options for arriving at an optimum design having the desired performance level during the service life. The proposed approach takes into account: 1) the randomness in basic variables, 2) the effect of micro‐environments and the spatial variation of corrosion, 3) the number of stirrups resisting web shear failure, and 4) the ductile to brittle transition of stirrup steel as corrosion propagates. The incorporation of this transition is found to have a significant influence on the time‐variant reliability of the girder. Although PFA concrete is known to have better durability characteristics than OPC concrete, this paper gives a framework for its quantification in terms of time‐variant reliability.
Properties of stabilized recycled plastic concretes made with three types of cement
Authors: Shaikh Faiz Uddin Ahmed , Mali Sarvesh
Published: November 2015

The growing concern for the ready‐mixed concrete industry is the disposal of returned unused concrete. In its plastic state, the concrete is a perishable product and the disposal of any unused concrete presents a set of challenges. An increase in environmental regulations requires the industry to implement the best practices that effectively reduce the quantity of by‐product materials requiring disposal. This paper describes a preliminary experimental study on the effect of commercial stabilizer on the plastic and hardened properties of concretes made with three different types of cement commonly used in Australia, namely, general‐purpose Portland cement (GP) (100 % ordinary Portland cement (OPC)), general‐purpose blended (GB) cement (75 % OPC + 25 % class F fly ash (FA)) and low‐heat (LH) cement (35 % OPC + 65 % blast‐furnace slag). The effect of various stabilizer dosages on the efflux time (flow time) of GP, GB and LH cement grouts was studied in the initial phase. The results show that for a constant efflux time, the holding duration of the grouts increases with increasing stabilizer dosages (or amounts) and in the case of GB and LH cement grouts, the holding duration is longer than the GP cement grout for the same stabilizer dosage. In the next phase, the predicted stabilizer dosage was added to concretes made with the above three cements to evaluate the plastic and hardened properties of fresh concretes, stabilized concretes and blends of fresh concretes with 10, 25 and 50 % stabilized concretes. The results show that the initial slump values are within the tolerance, except they are higher when the stabilizer dosage is added after 1 h, but the final slump is within the tolerance of the control concrete. After stabilization of the concretes, the initial and final setting times of stabilized concretes increased to > 24 h. The initial and final setting times of the blended concrete containing fresh concrete and 10, 25 and 50 % stabilized concretes are similar to those of fresh concrete for all cement types. The stabilized concretes do not have any significant effect on the compressive strength and shrinkage compared with the control concrete.
The sweet side ofRNAregulation: glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase as a noncanonicalRNA‐binding protein
Authors: White Michael R. , Garcin Elsa D.
Published: November 2015

The glycolytic protein, glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), has a vast array of extraglycolytic cellular functions, including interactions with nucleic acids.GAPDHhas been implicated in the translocation of transfer RNA (tRNA), the regulation of cellular messenger RNA (mRNA) stability and translation, as well as the regulation of replication and gene expression of many single‐strandedRNAviruses. A growing body of evidence supportsGAPDH–RNAinteractions serving as part of a larger coordination between intermediary metabolism andRNAbiogenesis. Despite the established role ofGAPDHin nucleic acid regulation, it is still unclear how and whereGAPDHbinds to itsRNAtargets, highlighted by the absence of any conservedRNA‐binding sequences. This review will summarize our current understanding ofGAPDH‐mediated regulation ofRNAfunction.WIREs RNA2016, 7:53–70. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1315

This article is categorized under:

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Recognition

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA–Protein Complexes

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications