bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Policing and Crime in Contemporary London
Authors: Edwards Adam , Prins Ruth
Published: August 2022

Policing and Crime in Contemporary London: A developmental agenda?

In support of the Policing European Metropolises Project and as a starting point for investigating such a complex and challenging subject as policing the global city of London, the article provides an exposition of the current agenda for policing and crime as advanced by the London Mayor’s Office for Policing and Crime (MOPAC), which assumed responsibility for police governance in January 2012. To justify this focus, the article draws upon distinctions made in urban regime theory about governing arrangements that seek to maintain, develop, reform or transform public policy agendas in the governance of cities. It uses these to question prospects for the MOPAC Policing and Crime Plan for 2013-16 and to provoke questions for further research into the lessons that can be drawn from this case for comparisons of policing in other European metropolises. In this regard, it is argued that the concept of the ‘metropolis’ implies an understanding of contemporary urban phenomena, such as crime and policing, as social products that have an integral relationship to a ‘world urban system’ of political, economic and cultural relations.
Policing Barcelona
Authors: Recasens i Brunet Amadeu , Ponsaers Paul
Published: August 2022

Policing Barcelona

Many authors observe an increasing pluralisation of the police function. This pluralisation implies a growing dependency between different actors in the security domain, especially on the local level. The current theoretical insights from the sociology of urban governance of security were developed dominantly within an Anglo-American and British context. This article aims to test whether these Anglo-American underlying assumptions are recognisable in European local geographical settings, more precisely in Barcelona. The underlying question in this article is whether or not the local empirical situation in Barcelona differentiates along the same lines as the general theory suggests. The present article contributes to a European sociology of urban governance of security and our understanding of multi-layered social control theories (in)formalising in public space. The main questions we want to answer are consequently:

Can a pluralisation of policing be observed in the metropolis of Barcelona and if so, is it a consequence of European trends or because of local changes or both?

Do these changes suggest a growing attention towards public disorder (‘social disorder’, ‘incivilities’) maintenance, to the detriment of tackling (petty) crime?

Are certain (so-called ‘anti-social’) behaviours increasingly sanctioned in an exclusively local (more precisely municipal) context? Is this sanctioned administratively by means of ‘by-law’ and no longer by means of traditional penal law?

These questions follow the logic mostly developed in Anglo-American and British context. What is the role of specific socio-political circumstances of the city and its regional and state context in the development of its current police model?
Investigating decision-making mechanisms and biases in Dutch criminal investigation teams by using a serious game
Authors: Groenendaal Jelle , Helsloot Ira
Published: August 2022

Investigating decision-making mechanisms and biases in Dutch criminal investigation teams by using a serious game

In this article we examine by means of a serious game how ten teams of police leaders from major criminal investigation teams from five regional forces in the Netherlands, during criminal investigation, deal with tunnel vision and other potential causes of flawed decision-making, described according to Naturalistic Decision-Making models. Findings show that in the serious game, the danger of tunnel vision was widely acknowledged and that a great deal of energy was wasted as a result. In addition, the teams proved susceptible to other types of decision-making pitfalls. For example, the teams searched predominantly for confirmatory evidence, unconsciously used ingrained process-related rules of thumb, and there was evidence of a form of ‘information impulsion fallacy’. The present research is an elaboration on existing literature in that it attempts to shed light on decision-making practices during criminal investigations. The study shows that a serious game can be a useful tool to uncover decision-making behaviour.
The Policing of Public Space
Authors: Jones Trevor , Lister Stuart
Published: August 2022

The Policing of Public Space: Recent Developments in Plural Policing in England and Wales

This paper reviews contemporary plural policing developments in England and Wales with a focus on the local policing of public spaces. Based on a review of the existing research literature, it sets out developments in pluralization along some of the dimensions of plural policing elucidated by Loader (2000), namely, policing ‘by’, ‘through’, ‘beyond’ and ‘below’ government. This analysis suggests that policing in England and Wales has continued to become more pluralized during the 1990s and 2000s, with significant developments in policing ‘beyond’ government (commercial security) and ‘through’ government (out-sourcing of public policing functions). However, the austerity programme introduced by the Coalition Government since 2010 has seen a slowing of these developments, with an increased emphasis on pluralization ‘below’ government (informal voluntary or community-delivered policing). The paper goes on to consider the regulation and accountability of plural policing, and consider the impact of the introduction of elected Police and Crime Commissioners (PCCs). It suggests that whilst PCCs have yet to develop as an effective oversight of plural policing networks in local areas, the reforms may eventually contribute to further fragmentation and pluralization of the policing landscape in England and Wales.
Ethnic Minority Recruitment and Policing Ethnically Diverse Neighbourhoods in Germany
Authors: Hunold Daniela
Published: August 2022

Ethnic Minority Recruitment and Policing Ethnically Diverse Neighbourhoods in Germany

The purpose of the article is to discuss how ethnic minority recruitment could improve police-citizencontacts in socially disadvantaged neighborhoods in Germany. Therefore, research results concerning ethnic minority recruitment of German police forces as well as outcomes of an ethnographic study in one western German city focusing on police-juvenile relations in deprived neighborhoods are taken into account. The article details how the recruitment strategies of the German police prevent cultural diversity by targeting to the increase of police efficiency in ‘problematic’ neighborhoods using multicultural competences. In consequence, current recruitment strategies seem to result only in ethnic minority police officers that do not have these multicultural competences. The article further considers how socio-economic diversity and local experience could have a bigger positive impact on effective neighborhood policing than ethnic diversity. It concludes that these aspects should be taken into account for police recruitment and personnel strategies.
Problems of Framing and Implementing Multi-Ethnic Policing
Authors: Bredthauer Ruediger
Published: August 2022

Problems of Framing and Implementing Multi-Ethnic Policing

Despite all efforts to implement multi-ethnic policing, the under-representation of migrants as police officers is still a reality. The present paper questions the process to shape and proliferate multi-ethnic policing as well as the resulting effects of the first European transnational document – which covers almost all aspects of related policing – in order to gain further insights into the possibly disturbing or stimulating factors of implementation. One factor identified is ‘framing’, whose potential relevance is briefly evaluated using some recent examples concerning migration and policing. For the sake of this article, framing may be defined very basically as a well-directed multidimensional attempt to persuade relevant audiences of one’s own interests and may prove to be important in all fields of strategic action of policing. The winning or losing in budgetary competitions provides or diminishes resources for all kinds of police tasks and especially those targets who are marked as ‘unnecessary’ in the face of budgetary cuts. This is especially true concerning the transfer of social and democratic values into the police. Therefore ‘framing’ is probably one of the most essential strategic instruments for decision makers in the police to achieve their relevant goals in a dominantly neoliberal and increasingly populist environment.
‘Moral’ versus ‘Risk-based’ Policing of Cybercrime
Authors: Algarni Abdullah Faze
Published: August 2022

‘Moral’ versus ‘Risk-based’ Policing of Cybercrime: Insights from Police Response to Internet Fraud in Saudi Arabia’s Capital City, Riyadh

This paper contributes to current debates on the policing of Internet fraud by introducing the Saudi Arabian experience. Drawing on field research in the capital city, Riyadh, it explores how this new aspect of policing activity fits in with not only the existing organisational practices, but also the occupational and individual concerns of frontline officers. Moreover, the article considers the implications of the Saudi culture, social norms, and values for police responses to Internet fraud. It is argued that the policing of Internet fraud in Saudi Arabia, and the extent to which it fits with contemporary debates on risk-based policing of cybercrime, can only be understood by examining how new policing modes and cultural traditions merge and integrate to shape police response to this novel criminal phenomenon.
Europol’s Cybercrime Centre (EC3), its Agreements with Third Parties and the Growing Role of Law Enforcement on the European Security Scene
Authors: Vendius Trine Thygesen
Published: August 2022

Europol’s Cybercrime Centre (EC3), its Agreements with Third Parties and the Growing Role of Law Enforcement on the European Security Scene

The European Cyber Crime Centre, EC3, established under the umbrella of Europol, started operations on January 1 2013. It is to act as the focal point in the fight against cybercrime in the European Union. Using a “shared, cross-community approach” the EC3 is concluding partnerships with member states, European agencies, international partners and the private sector. This article describes the coming about of EC3 and its efforts to address cybercrime. Furthermore, the article is an attempt to assess the growing role of the European law enforcement community on the European security scene, this not least in view of the EC3’s mandate to conclude strategic agreements with a fairly high degree of autonomy.
On the Borders of Legitimacy
Authors: Litmanovitz Yael , Montgomery Paul
Published: August 2022

On the Borders of Legitimacy: Procedural Justice Training in the Israeli Border Police

The just behaviour of police officers in their interactions with citizens has been demonstrated as an antecedent of police legitimacy in Western democracies and beyond. As this paradigm gains prominence, the implementation of procedural justice interventions should be examined in order to better focus policy efforts in varied contexts. This article draws on a study of training in the Israeli Border Police to propose four factors that may influence the efficacy of procedural justice interventions in deeply divided societies: the perceptions of police officers regarding the minority group as deserving a relationship based on legitimacy; the depth of the existing deficit in legitimacy within that group; the paramilitary attributes of the police organisation; and high policing tasks, specifically protests, as discouraging dialogue. Highlighting these factors is of value to the successful delivery of interventions and advances understanding of police legitimacy in different contexts.
Inter-organisational Relationships Addressing Transnational Criminality: Suggested Benchmarks
Authors: Shortt Richard
Published: August 2022

Inter-organisational Relationships Addressing Transnational Criminality: Suggested Benchmarks. Intelligence and law enforcement inter-organisational relationship policy and practice benchmarks arising from case studies of Denmark, Finland and New Zealand

Following over a decade of focus on terrorism and transnational criminality, how have three ‘intermediate capacity’ countries (Denmark, Finland and New Zealand) structured their intelligence and law enforcement inter-organisational relationships to respond to such wicked problems? This article presents the results of case studies regarding Denmark, Finland and New Zealand that examined the inter-organisational arrangements between the countries intelligence and law enforcement agencies. The case studies used publicly available secondary sources from the period 1 January 2007–31 December 2012 to obtain data for analysis. The data was analysed using research that had established the types of inter-organisational relationships organisations can have to determine the relationships occurring in each of the countries. The results of the case studies establish that the three countries are committed to a variety of cooperative, coordinated and collaborative relationships.
Different ways of acting and different ways of knowing? The cultures of policeacademic partnerships in a multi-site and multi-force study
Authors: Greene Alan , Skinns Layla
Published: August 2022

Different ways of acting and different ways of knowing? The cultures of policeacademic partnerships in a multi-site and multi-force study

The purpose of this paper is to add to the growing body of literature on police-academic partnerships, which has emerged over the last thirty years. Using a multi-force and multi-site study of ‘good’ police custody practices, as a case study, we examine the cultures of police-academic partnerships through the concepts of “ways of acting” and “ways of knowing” (Canter, 2004). In terms of ways of acting, we examine differences that arose whilst forming police-academic relationships and accessing multiple forces and custody facilities. In terms of ways of knowing, we examine differences in academic and police theorization about police-citizen relationships. It is argued that different ways of acting – rooted in the cultural, but also organisational and structural contexts of policing and academia – created challenges for the research and for police-academic relationships. By contrast, different ways of knowing contributed to helpful synergies between the two authors, helping the police author to see his work anew and aiding the academic author with the theorization process. One of the key lessons from this case study is that theory development should be seen as foundational to, and as strengthening of, police-academic partnerships.
Recent developments in police governance and current issues surrounding police service delivery in England and Wales
Authors: Loveday Barry
Published: August 2022

Recent developments in police governance and current issues surrounding police service delivery in England and Wales

The article provides a critical assessment of the reformed structure of police governance in England and Wales. It considers the impact of directly elected Police and Crime Commissioners on the determination of local policing priorities and community interests and contrasts the powers exercised by PCC with that of the police authorities they replaced. It considers the limitations exhibited within the earlier ‘tripartite’ governance of the police in England and Wales and the implications of this for the accountability of the police service. It identifies the significance of the move from highly centralised policing to a fully devolved system which the arrival of PCCs represents. It draws attention to the continuing commitment by central government to devolution particularly in relation to the introduction of directly elected mayors to the Metro areas which are, in the near future, expected to take responsibility for the police service along with other strategic services. It thereafter considers current challenges to police delivery of service arising from both the significant increase in non-criminal incidents to which the police must now respond. It explores the ever increasing engagement of the police in response to mental health incidents in the community. It identifies in relation to this the remarkable increase in the roll out of tasers to the police and the implications of this for the protection of vulnerable members of the community.
Policing excellence and prevention first: A model for transforming police service delivery
Authors: den Heyer Garth
Published: August 2022

Policing excellence and prevention first: A model for transforming police service delivery

In response to the changing operating environment, the New Zealand Police established a change management program called the Comprehensive Approach to Police Excellence. This program became known as Policing Excellence and included eleven separate initiatives designed to facilitate the transfer of policing activities from reactive to preventative policing. It was intended that the implementation of the program would result in the reduction of victimization and offending and would improve community safety. The premise was that police would be better able to manage future demand through the reallocation of resources and the realization of the program’s benefits. By the middle of 2014, the program had achieved a 13 percent reduction in recorded crime and a 19 percent reduction in prosecutions. This article examines the impact that the program has had on the delivery of police services and the level of crime in New Zealand.
Changing stop and search in Scotland
Authors: O’Neill Megan , Aston Elizabeth
Published: August 2022

Changing stop and search in Scotland

Compared to other areas in the UK, stop and search in Scotland was on a disproportionately large scale prior to 2015 and targeted children and young people. Scottish police officers conducted more non-statutory searches than statutory, putting into question the legitimacy of this tactic. In response to external pressures, a revised approach to stop and search was developed and piloted in the Fife Division of Police Scotland from June 2014 to January 2015. Our evaluation of this pilot found that while some elements were an improvement on current practice, the use of non-statutory searches and disproportionate searches of children continued. Since our evaluation, practice in stop and search in Scotland has undergone dramatic change. This paper will discuss the contribution of the Fife Pilot and our evaluation to changes to stop and search in Scotland. It will consider the relevance of procedural justice to developments in this area of service delivery, which will be of benefit to practitioners and policy makers internationally.
Een onderzoek naar tip- en beloningsgelden
Authors: Brinkhoff Sven , Kolthoff Emile , Mensink Jeroen , Malsch Marijke
Published: August 2022

Motives to report serious crime to the police: what role does money play? A research into tip and reward money

When investigating serious crime, the police and the Public Prosecution Service (Openbaar Ministerie) may use information supplied to them by civilians.. These citizens can be run as informants by a police intelligence service or they provide information to the police in response to a promised reward. Following the discussion about a possible increase in tip and reward money, an exploratory study was conducted into the role of money in citizens‘ considerations in informing the police about serious crime. This contribution reports on this research. Based on the research, it is concluded that increasing tipping fees does not by definition lead to more and/or better information in concrete criminal investigations. On the other hand, increasing tip fees for intelligence information (information intended to obtain a more general picture of a certain crime phenomenon at regional and/or national level) will lead to more information.
Stand van zaken jurisprudentie Dienstenrichtlijn. En hoe straks onder de Omgevingswet?
Authors: de Vries H.J. (Henk)
Published: August 2022

Stand van zaken jurisprudentie Dienstenrichtlijn. En hoe straks onder de Omgevingswet?

Het redactioneel bespreekt de stand van zaken van de jurisprudentie over de Dienstenrichtlijn en de gevolgen van de inwerkingtreding van de Omgevingswet voor de Dienstenrichtlijn.
Omgevingswet en mobiliteit: verduurzaming van woon-werkverkeer en zakelijk verkeer door middel van het Besluit werkgebonden personenmobiliteit
Authors: van Angeren J.R. (Jan Reinier) , van ’t Lam V.M.Y. (Valérie)
Published: August 2022

Omgevingswet en mobiliteit: verduurzaming van woon-werkverkeer en zakelijk verkeer door middel van het Besluit werkgebonden personenmobiliteit

In dit artikel bespreken de auteurs de juridische grondslag van de verplichtingen van het Besluit werkgebonden personenmobiliteit en wat de consequenties zijn voor de praktijk. Dit besluit verplicht ondernemingen met meer dan honderd werknemers onder meer om gegevens aan te leveren over het woon-werkverkeer en zakelijke verkeer van werknemers. Ook komt er een gezamenlijk CO2-plafond voor werkgevers met honderd of meer werknemers.
The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on High Technology Product Exports: E7 Example
Authors: AKTAŞ Nur
Published: August 2022

This study examines the impact of foreign direct investment in developing countries on exports of high-tech products. Foreign direct investment in developing countries enables them to acquire technology, new production and management strategies that are not available in their own countries. Developing countries can contribute to economic growth by producing new goods with new technology. In the light of this information, it is aimed to determine the effects of foreign direct investments on exports of high-tech products with panel cointegration analysis using annual data for the period 2010-2020 for E7 countries, which are developing countries. As a result of the analysis, the countries in which foreign direct investments have the most impact on exports of high-tech products are China, Russia, Brazil, India, and Indonesia, respectively. The countries that saw the least impact were Turkey and Mexico, respectively. When the short-run coefficient values are examined, the effects are lower compared to the long-run. In this case, it has been determined that foreign direct investment, which affects the export of high-tech products, provides more significant outputs in the long run, and the effects are lower in the short run. It was determined that the foreign direct investment variable increased the export of high technology products by 12.9%.
INTERNATIONALIZATION AND VIRTUAL COLLABORATION: INSIGHTS FROM COIL EXPERIENCES
Authors: Hildeblando Júnior Carlos Alberto , Finardi Kyria Rebeca
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study is to analyze possibilities and limitations of the Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) approach to foster international collaboration between higher education institutions (HEIs) so as to boost their internationalization process. With that aim, a documental meta-analysis of twenty-three case studies carried out in 2012 by the Global Center of the State University of New York (SUNY) were reviewed and discussed in terms of the potential of COIL to foster the development of global learning, social capital, and international academic collaboration between international HEIs. Results of the analysis suggest that COIL is an approach that can promote online academic mobility and international collaboration as well as enhance intercultural competence when combined with the Intercomprehension Approach (IA)  to enable the use of different foreign languages.
Assessing Social Capital Indicators in Public Spaces in Central streets of the City of Sanandaj, Iran
Authors: Habibi Kyoumars , Taoshih Nina , Pira Milad
Published: August 2022

The social capital concept has been proposed alongside other capitals such as human capital, financial capital and economic capital. The aim of this research was to evaluate the social capital in streets, which are among the most dynamic urban public spaces. They provide physical connections for social interactions and consequently can enhance social capital. To this aim, four central crossroads of the city of Sanandaj, Iran were selected as a case study. This study is a descriptive analysis conducted by questioning 400 participants. The collected data were analyzed by using the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software at the inferential and statistical levels. The findings showed that effective elements of streets to improve social capital include the promotion of environmental qualities and mixed land use related to social trust, the feeling of belonging, identity and place related to social norms, face-to-face relationships, and social participation related to social networks.
Pengaruh Kompetensi, Pelatihan dan Motivasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Selama Masa Covid-19
Authors: Pratama Octavianus Sumardana , Riana Ni Luh Komang Mia Putri
Published: August 2022

Kinerja karyawan merupakan hal yang harus diperhatikan agar tercapainya tujuan suatu perusahaan. Kinerja dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor yang berasal dari dalam perusahaan seperti kompetensi, pelatihan dan motivasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh secara parsial dan simultan antara kompetensi, pelatihan, dan Motivasi terhadap kinerja karyawan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Hotel The Royal Pita Maha Ubud. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah karyawan Hotel The Royal Pita Maha yang bekerja di masa pandemi covid-19 sebanyak 70 orang. Penentuan jumlah sampel menggunakan teknik sampling jenuh. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kompetensi, pelatihan dan motivasi secara parsial dan simultan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan Hotel The Royal Pita Maha Ubud.
nbproject: Manage Jupyter notebooks
Authors:   Helmholtz Munich, Rybakov Sergei , Heumos Lukas ,   Helmholtz Munich, Wolf Alex ,   Lamin Labs, Munich
Published: August 2022

nbproject is an open-source Python tool to help manage Jupyter notebooks with metadata, dependency, and integrity tracking. A draft-to-publish workflow creates more reproducible notebooks with context. There are a number of approaches to address reproducibility & manageability problems of computational R&D projects. nbproject complements - and should be combined with - approaches that are based on modularizing notebooks into pipelines, containerizing compute environments, or managing notebooks on centralized platforms.
PHYSIOLOGICAL, VEGETATIVE, AND PRODUCTION RESPONSES OF PEACH TO SUSTAINED DEFICIT IRRIGATION
Authors: LAITA MERIAME , MESSAOUDI ZERHOUNE , BENKIRANE RACHID , AITHADDOU HOUSSAIN
Published: August 2022

Low rainfall and poor rainfall in recent years in Morocco, have led to a situation of water deficit throughout the cropping cycle, including stone fruits. The study was carried out to investigate the behavior of peach trees under sustained deficit irrigation (SDI) in the Sais plain as well as to determine the optimal irrigation dose that would guarantee an improvement in productivity and quality of the peach trees. This experiment used completely randomized design with 3 replications. The study was carried out (in two replications in 2017 and 2018) four water regimes throughout the whole development cycles of peach trees: T0 (equal to or greater than 100% of the crop's Evapotranspiration (ETc)), T1 (100% ETc), T2 (80% ETc) and T3 (60% ETc). The response of trees is presented for physiological indicators – vegetative development, production and quality parameters for the two years. The effect of SDI on peach trees showed that water restrictions varied according to the water regime. The decrease in irrigation rate negatively affected the main vegetative and production parameters. However, for the 20% decrease in irrigation rate, the effect on yield was not significant. Regarding vegetative growth, the T3 (60%ETc) water regime significantly affected the increase in length and diameter of the current year's shoots, while the T2 (80 % ETc) water regime did not affect leaf area. Trees from treatment T3 (60 % ETc) yielded fruits with the highest sugar content. This increase in sugar content was accompanied by a decrease in the total acidity of the fruit juice.
PREPARATION OF LEARNING OUTCOMES BASED ON THE PROTOTYPE CURRICULUM AT PAUD MUTIARA FOR THE 2022/2023 SCHOOL YEAR
Authors: Yustina Hasti , Agnafia Desi Nuzul , Normila Normila , Fataruba Iswandi
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
The new curriculum  is needed as a way out of the  learning process that is in line with the demands of the times and pandemic conditions, where changes in regulations and the learning process can occur at any time. This paper aims to explain the concept of the Prototype Curriculum at the PAUD level which is implemented in PAUD Mutiara Yogyakarta for the 2022/2023 Academic Year. This research uses a normative or literature approach, with primary data sources in the form of documents related to the research  focus.  The results  showed that through the Driving  School Program, a new curriculum concept called the Prototype Curriculum was obtained. At the PAUD level, the learning process is directed at 3 (three) Learning Outcomes (CP), namely: religious values and ethics; identity; the basis of STEAM literacy (science, technology, engineering, art, mathematics).  Learning Outcomes themselves have been previously known through the 2013 Curriculum with the terms Basic Competencies (KD) and Core Competencies (KI).
 
Abstrak
Kurikulum baru ini diperlukan sebagai jalan keluar dari proses pembelajaran yang sejalan dengan tuntutan zaman dan kondisi pandemi, dimana perubahan regulasi dan proses pembelajaran dapat terjadi sewaktu-waktu. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan konsep Kurikulum Prototipe di tingkat PAUD yang diterapkan di PAUD Mutiara Yogyakarta untuk Tahun Akademik 2022/2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan normatif atau literatur, dengan sumber data primer berupa dokumen yang berkaitan dengan fokus penelitian.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa melalui Program Driving School diperoleh konsep kurikulum baru yang disebut Kurikulum Prototipe. Pada tingkat PAUD, proses pembelajaran diarahkan pada 3 (tiga) Capaian Pembelajaran (CP), yaitu: nilai-nilai agama dan etika; identitas; dasar literasi STEAM (sains, teknologi, teknik, seni, matematika).  Capaian Pembelajaran sendiri sebelumnya telah dikenal melalui Kurikulum 2013 dengan istilah Kompetensi Dasar (KD) dan Kompetensi Inti (KI).
RECONSTRUCTION OF THE PESANTREN LAW IN THE FRAME OF PESANTREN INDEPENDENCE
Authors: Siraj Siraj , Prayogi Arditya , Rofiki Moh. , Kalbuana Nawang
Published: August 2022

Pesantren in the annals of history plays an important role in the world of education, economics and politics. The economy of pesantren has fundamentally prepared itself as an organizational independence in maintaining its existence. The MORA regulation hints at the independence of pesantren with a roadmap of independence as the main guideline. Meanwhile, the Pesantren Law has not specifically mentioned this. This paper seeks to explain the implementation of the independence of pesantren and the need for reconstruction of the Pesantren Law in the perspective of the pesantren m andirian. This research uses a literature approach. The results of the study show the need for a discourse on the reconstruction of articles in the Pesantren Law in line with the pesantren independence program and the programs or technical implementations under it, starting from the funding of pesantren, the roadmap for pesantren independence, to technical guidelines for pesantren business assistance.
 
Abstrak
Pesantren dalam catatan sejarah memainkan peran penting dalam dunia pendidikan, ekonomi dan politik. Ekonomi pesantren pada dasarnya telah mempersiapkan diri sebagai independensi organisasi dalam mempertahankan eksistensinya. Peraturan Kemenag mengisyaratkan independensi pesantren dengan roadmap kemerdekaan sebagai pedoman utama. Sementara itu, UU Pesantren belum secara spesifik menyebutkan hal tersebut. Tulisan ini berupaya menjelaskan pelaksanaan independensi pesantren dan perlunya rekonstruksi UU Pesantren dalam perspektif pesantren m andirian. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlunya wacana rekonstruksi pasal-pasal dalam UU Pesantren sejalan dengan program kemandirian pesantren dan program atau teknis pelaksanaan di bawahnya, mulai dari pendanaan pesantren, roadmap kemandirian pesantren, hingga petunjuk teknis bantuan usaha pesantren
NAQSABANDIYAH BANTUL IN THE DIARY OF PSYCHOLOGY
Authors: Samidi Samidi , Lukman Lukman , Dwi Mukti Fajar
Published: August 2022

Tarekat is an activity in an effort to draw closer to Allah through self-purification in accordance with the teachings exemplified by the Messenger of Allah the companions, and the tabii'n, who are guided by a mursyid. In the view of psychology, the psyche as the essence of man requires satisfaction, which in the concept of order can be obtained through closeness to the Creator. This paper aims to explain the activities of the naqsabandiyah order in religious activities, to be further seen in the perspective of psychology. This research is a type of field research. Data collection through interviews, observations and documentation. Data analysis is carried out descriptively by triangulation. The results showed that the dhikr carried out by the Naqsabandiyah order contains elements of catharsis (venting of hidden emotions) and insight (awareness of something that can happen). The harmony of human life psychologically can be achieved one of which is through maturity or spiritual intelligence. A new finding in this study is the conformity of the purpose of dhikr in the Naqsabandiyah order with the concept of existential psychology pioneered by Victor E Frankl, where basically humans need happiness and meaningfulness in their lives.
 
Abstrak
Tarekat merupakan kegiatan dalam upaya mendekatkan diri kepada Allah melalui penjernihan diri sesuai dengan ajaran yang dicontohkan oleh Rasulullah para sahabat, dan tabii'n, yang dibimbing oleh seorang mursyid. Dalam pandangan psikologi, jiwa sebagai esensi manusia membutuhkan kepuasan, yang dalam konsep keteraturan dapat diperoleh melalui kedekatan dengan Sang Pencipta. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan kegiatan ordo naqsabandiyah dalam kegiatan keagamaan, agar dapat dilihat lebih lanjut dalam perspektif psikologi. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian lapangan. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dengan triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dzikir yang dilakukan oleh ordo Naqsabandiyah mengandung unsur katarsis (pelampiasan emosi tersembunyi) dan wawasan (kesadaran akan sesuatu yang dapat terjadi). Keharmonisan kehidupan manusia secara psikologis dapat dicapai salah satunya melalui kedewasaan atau kecerdasan spiritual. Temuan baru dalam penelitian ini adalah kesesuaian tujuan dzikir dalam tatanan Naqsabandiyah dengan konsep psikologi eksistensial yang dipelopori oleh Victor E Frankl, dimana pada dasarnya manusia membutuhkan kebahagiaan dan kebermaknaan dalam hidupnya.
RISK OF HELMINTHIASIS IN PREGNANT WOMEN
Authors: Khoirudin Apriyadi Rio , Umasugi M Taufan , Fitriasari Endah
Published: August 2022

The helminthic disease is transmitted through the soil that causes the human body to become infected with worms. Worms can lead to a deterioration in the state of health, nutrition, intelligence, and productivity of the infected individual. This study aims to discover how worms affect pregnant women's condition of the child to be born or the baby. This research uses a normative or literature approach, with the primary data source as documents related to the research subject. Data analysis was carried out descriptively. The results showed that worms in pregnant women affect the condition of the child to be born or the baby, such as the risk of prematurity, low birth weight, and the risk of perinatal death because helminth infections can cause anemia due to the body losing iron deposits which will eventually interfere with the formation of hemoglobin which is due to a decrease in food intake and malabsorption of nutrients.
Abstrak
Pesantren dalam catatan sejarah memainkan peran penting dalam dunia pendidikan, ekonomi dan politik. Ekonomi pesantren pada dasarnya telah mempersiapkan diri sebagai independensi organisasi dalam mempertahankan eksistensinya. Peraturan Kemenag mengisyaratkan independensi pesantren dengan roadmap kemerdekaan sebagai pedoman utama. Sementara itu, UU Pesantren belum secara spesifik menyebutkan hal tersebut. Tulisan ini berupaya menjelaskan pelaksanaan independensi pesantren dan perlunya rekonstruksi UU Pesantren dalam perspektif pesantren m andirian. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlunya wacana rekonstruksi pasal-pasal dalam UU Pesantren sejalan dengan program kemandirian pesantren dan program atau teknis pelaksanaan di bawahnya, mulai dari pendanaan pesantren, roadmap kemandirian pesantren, hingga petunjuk teknis bantuan usaha pesantren.
KOMPLEKSY MIEDZI(II) ZASAD SCHIFFA - NOWE ZWIĄZKI O AKTYWNOŚCI PRZECIWDROBNOUSTROJOWEJ
Authors: Hejchman Elżbieta , Lewandowski Dominik
Published: August 2022

Zasady Schiffa stanowią produkty kondensacji amin pierwszorzędowych z aldehydami lub ketonami. Są trwałymi związkami o aktywności przeciwdrobnoustrojowej, antyproliferacyjnej i przeciwzapalnej. Zastosowanie ich jako ligandów do otrzymywania kompleksów miedzi(II) prowadzi do podwyższenia aktywności biologicznej. Niniejsza praca zawiera przegląd najnowszych doniesień literaturowych dotyczących aktywności przeciwdrobnoustrojowej zasad Schiffa, będących pochodnymi aldehydu salicylowego oraz 7-hydroksykumaryny zawierającej w pozycji 8 grupę formylową lub acetylową, a także kompleksów Cu(II) tych związków.
ROŚLINNE ZWIĄZKI BARWNE, ICH WŁAŚCIWOŚCI BIOLOGICZNE ORAZ MOŻLIWOŚCI WYTWARZANIA W KULTURACH IN VITRO
Authors: Bołonkowska Olga , Pietrosiuk Agnieszka , Sykłowska-Baranek Katarzyna
Published: August 2022

W pracy opisano występowanie, biosyntezę, budowę chemiczną, właściwości farmakologiczne, zastosowanie oraz biotechnologiczne wytwarzanie w kulturach in vitro najważniejszych barwników roślinnych.
Foreign Direct Divestment Phenomenon in Selected Sub-Saharan African Countries
Authors: Ralarala Ombeswa , Happiness Makwala Masenkane
Published: August 2022

Foreign direct divestment can occur for either external or internal factors. The determinants of FDI are also the same determinants for FDD. FDD might lead to numerous negative economic factors such as a decline in economic development, reduction in employment and might also cripple the facilitation in technology transfers. In this paper, the FDD concept in the Sub-Saharan African countries was investigated using annual data spanning from 1998 to 2018. The panel autoregressive distributive lag was used to develop the FDD model. The findings of the panel ARDL long run equation revealed that lending rates and urbanisation have a negative and significant influence on foreign direct investment. Further, the findings revealed an insignificant influence of real gross domestic product per capita on FDI. Finally, trade openness showed a positive significant impact on foreign direct investment. We recommend policies that increase FDI through the cost of borrowing since increasing this results in foreign direct divestment. Real gross domestic product per capita cannot be used for policy making purposes in the study. Trade openness makes a country more accessible on the world market and thus, policies that promote foreign trade such as exporting complex and sophisticated products, trade liberalisation, free trade agreements and open trade systems could help reduce the presence of foreign direct divestment in the selected countries. Finally, urbanisation deter foreign direct investment, therefore countries should invest more on infrastructure and reduce poverty in rural areas to transform them into urban areas to decrease urbanisation.
Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Resistance of E. coli
Authors: C. Jariremombe Rodney
Published: August 2022

Escherichia coli has become a major significant pathogen behind infections, many researches have been conducted on possible drugs that can successfully eradicate the pathogenic isolates. To ensure survival, E. coli strains improvised resistant mechanisms to allow them to maneuver through with life among bactericidal agents. The chapter gives an overview of the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms found in major groups of antimicrobial drugs. E. coli uses enzymes in defying drug susceptibility for example aminoglycoside modifying enzymes in modifying drug recognition sites, in cephalosporin, penicillin the pathogen indulged in the use of β-lactamases to break down the β-lactam ring on the structure of the drugs. In fluoroquinolones, the pathogen uses efflux pumps, DNA gyrase mutation as a mechanism of resistance. The continuous use of drugs induces resistance mechanisms to increase, there is a need for continuous researches on drugs effectivity and the discovery of new and better medication to fight against E. coli pathogens.
Precision Agriculture for Sustainable Soil and Crop Management
Authors: Rayhan Shaheb Md. , Sarker Ayesha , A. Shearer Scott
Published: August 2022

Precision agriculture (PA) transforms traditional practices into a new world of production of agriculture. It uses a range of technologies or diagnostic tools such as global navigation satellite system (GNSS), geographic information systems (GIS), yield monitors, near-infrared reflectance sensing, and remote sensing in collecting and analyzing the in-field spatial variability data, thereby enabling farmers to monitor and make site-specific management decisions for soils and crops. PA technology enables visualization of spatial and temporal variations of production resources and supports spatially varying treatments using variable rate application technologies installed on farm agricultural field machinery. The demand for PA is driven by recognition within-field variability and opportunities for treating areas within a field or production unit differently. PA can be applied to multiple cultural practices including tillage, precision seeding, variable rate fertilizer application, precision irrigation and selective pesticide application; and facilitates other management decisions making, for example, site-specific deep tillage to remove soil compaction. PA technology ensures optimal use of production inputs and contributes to a significant increase in farm profitability. By reducing crop production inputs and managing farmland in an environmentally sensible manner, PA technology plays a vital role in sustainable soil and crop management in modern agriculture.
Views of South Sudanese Secondary School Teachers about the Use of Humour in the Mathematics Classroom
Authors: Deng Tap William , Mark Bulbul Helicopter , Simon Ajang Biar
Published: August 2022

This chapter reports the views of South Sudanese secondary school teachers about the use of humour in the mathematics classroom as a teaching and learning tool. The use of humour as a pedagogical toolkit in a mathematics classroom is something that has not yet been seriously or widely considered and how the teachers, especially South Sudanese teachers, would react to the use of humour in the classroom was not yet known. An opinion survey containing six (6) close-ended questionnaire items or statements related to the use of humour in the classroom was distributed to ten (10) secondary schools located within and around Juba city. About sixty-five (65) South Sudanese secondary school teachers responded to the survey. Posed was a research question intended to explore the general views, attitudes, or opinions of South Sudanese secondary school teachers: What do South Sudanese secondary school teachers think about the use of Humour-Supported Instructional Approach (H-SIA), a proposed-alternative method of teaching and learning mathematics at secondary school level? Findings of this opinions survey indicate that South Sudanese secondary school teachers’ overall average views are positive toward the use of humour in the classroom setting. The average majority of the surveyed secondary school teachers appeared keen and seemed eager to welcome experimentation with new ways of teaching and learning in the classroom. Hence, it is recommended that classroom teachers be always encouraged and allowed a certain degree of freedom to explore and try out new ways of teaching and learning. It is suggested, however, that teachers be first provided with necessary proper training about how to use humour appropriately, effectively, and creatively in the classroom environments.
Robots, Everlasting? A Framework for Classifying CS Educational Robots
Authors: Iwasaki Ishin , Roszak Corben , Chaudhuri Parama , LaRue Katherine , D. Hardin Caroline
Published: August 2022

Educational robots are an exciting and growing field. While some (Lego Mindstorms, for example) have been around for decades, most are only a few years old and their durability is untested; exacerbating this are those only usable with apps, that may become suddenly unavailable. This has created a nascent but significant problem: schools investing significant time and money for educational robots with little ability to know if they will work for years or just days. Other fields in science, technology, education, and math (STEM) beyond computer science also encounter this issue as more educational robots and apps for those disciplines permeate the market. While this chapter analyzes this issue from a CS perspective, the lessons learned can be applied to other STEM areas. This chapter explores the history of the problem, documents several examples of devices that have succumbed, details the unique and specific needs of school customers, and introduces the Computer Science Risk Analysis Framework for Toys (CS RAFT) to help teachers and schools evaluate a device purchase based on a holistic understanding of device longevity. This study will also provide recommendations for CS and STEM educational robot designers.
Effect of Irrigation Depths and Salinity Levels on the Growth and Production of Forage Palm Orelha de Elefante Mexicana
Authors: de Oliveira Pereira Mariana , Garcia Ramos Jailton , Alberto Vieira de Azevedo Carlos , Alisson Rodrigues da Silva André , Soares de Lima Geovani , Marcelo Fallé Saboya Luciano , Ferreira da Silva Patrícia , Bastos Lyra Gustavo
Published: August 2022

Although the adaptation of forage palm to the Brazilian semi-arid, it may be influenced by soil and climatic conditions of this region, irregular rainy periods, high annual evapotranspiration and soils with a low water retention capacity. These factors may reduce crop production during dry seasons, including forage. The present research aimed at analyzing the effect of irrigation with different water depths and levels of salinity on Orelha de Elefante Mexicana cultivar. The study was carried out in pots in the Federal University of Campina Grande, from September 2017 to December 2018. Experimental design was randomized blocks in a factorial scheme 4 x 4, with 4 replications. Four irrigation water depths were applied (25, 50, 75, and 100%), as a function of water retention capacity of soil and four levels of electrical conductivity: 0.60; 3.00; 5.40 and 7.80 dS m−1. Morphometric and production variables were evaluated. Plant growth was not affected by irrigation water depth and levels of salinity, except the thickness of secondary cladode. Primary cladodes showed the greatest average values (4.03 cladodes) for 376.00 mm depth. The other variables evaluated did not present significant effects under treatments. Saline water did not affect the total production of the cultivar.