bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flouting Maxims by The Main Character in Money Monster Film
Authors: Alvino Richie
Published: September 2023

This study aims to analyze the flouting maxims contained in the Money Monster film. This study uses the qualitative method, and the unit of analysis is the utterances in the Money Monster film script. The writer is using Cutting and Fordyce's (2020) theory of flouting maxims. Flouting maxims can be divided into four categories: flouting the maxim of quantity, flouting the maxim of quality, flouting the maxim of relation, and flouting the maxim of manner. The results of this study indicate that there are all four types of flouting maxims found in the film. The total data is 11 of the flouting maxims; all of the flouting maxims are flouted by the main character in the film. Flouting maxims of quantity are flouted one-time, flouting maxims of quality are flouted two times, flouting maxims of relation are flouted five times, and flouting maxims of manner are flouted three times. The least flouted is the flouting maxim of quantity; it is only flouted once. The flouting maxim that appears the most is the flouting maxim of relation, which is flouted four times in the conversation.
Rhetorical Devices Used by Bill Gross in Presenting His Speech on Start-up Success
Authors: Lee Rieyan Dhitama
Published: September 2023

This study, using a qualitative approach, was conducted to find out the rhetorical devices used by Bill Gross when presenting his speech on start-up success, including the function of each of the devices used. The presentation was divided into three parts: introduction, body, and conclusion. In conducting the research, the writer used the theory proposed by Harris (2018). The findings showed that the speaker used all of the rhetorical devices under the three categories, namely: Emphasis, Transition, and Clarity. Each device also has different functions depending on the context of the presentation: to raise the topic’s importance, to provide emphasis, to provide clarity, to maintain the audience’ curiosity, to show the impression of spontaneity, to elaborate details, to help the audience understand better, to anticipate question, and to anticipate ambiguity. In conclusion, the rhetorical devices, particularly hypophora and amplification as the mostly used ones, were applied by Bill Gross to better deliver his presentation.
Code-Switching Used by Mrs. EE, the Owner of N Store, to Her In-Store Customers
Authors: Catherine Catherine , Floris Flora Debora
Published: September 2023

This study utilized the theoretical frameworks presented by Wardhaugh (2006) and Appel and Muysken (2005) to analyze the kinds and functions of code-switching utilized by Mrs. EE, the owner of N Store, when communicating with customers. This study utilized a qualitative approach that examined Mrs. EE’s use of code-switching in her speech. The study’s results showed that Mrs. EE utilized both situational and metaphorical kinds of code-switching. She utilized various code-switching functions namely referential, directive, expressive, phatic, metalinguistic, and poetic. The study has concluded that Mrs. EE’s use of code-switching may be influenced by various factors such as her linguistic background, the context of the conversations, and her relationship with her customers.
Not the Same Me: A Novella Exploring Self-acceptance from Experiencing Acquired Physical Disability
Authors: Suryani Yunita Anggreni
Published: September 2023

This creative work aspires to discuss the impact of acquiring a physical disability on self-acceptance in our society. As a result of the changing in the physical body, this thesis highlights the drastic shift in attitude from positive to negative self-values to the process of regaining autonomy over one’s life from ableism. These goals will be made into a story in a psychological realism novella supported by Michael Neenan's book, Developing Resilience, which explains resilience theory. Thomas is an acquired disabled man who struggles with his current life due to the pessimistic view and discrimination that control him. Seeing adversity with a negative mindset causes more severity to him and his family, together with self-rejection, which prevents the development of resilience. As his journey goes on, Thomas will have a chance to develop resilience by learning to accept his disability and helping him recover his self-value
Word Formation on Slang Words in Boost’s Instagram Captions and Posts Targeting Teenagers
Authors: Evangeline Michelle
Published: September 2023

The study analyzed captions and posts on Boost’s Instagram that utilizes English slang to communicate to the target market. It used the theories of types of word formation processes by Yule (2006) and that by Minkova and Stockwell (2009). The findings found only the following types of word formation processes: coinage, compounding, blending, clipping, conversion, acronym, derivation, other sources, and multiple processes, with acronym as the most commonly used. Obviously, borrowing and backformation are the types of word formation processes that were not found in the data. It may also be concluded that the targeted reader may influence the use of a certain type of word formation process.
LABORATORY STUDY OF WAVE HYDRODYNAMICS IN THE SURF ZONE IN PRESENCE OF ROUGHNESS
Authors: Dealbera Solène , Sous Damien , Michaud Héloïse , Morichon Denis
Published: September 2023

In the global context of increasing anthropic pressure on coastal environments, understanding and modelling the physical processes leading to submersion or erosion of the coastline are key factors in anticipating these risks. Many studies of nearshore wave transformation have been conducted mainly on sandy beaches or gentle slopes. On this type of beach, wave transformation models give generally satisfactory results (Thornton and Guza, 1983). Yet, the hydrodynamics of other types of bottoms, specifically rough and/or steep bottoms, are not fully understood and modelled, especially the effect of roughness on frictional dissipation (Péquignet et al, 2011; Monismith et al, 2015; Poate et al, 2018). Thus, a laboratory experiment, in the wave flume (6m long) of Seatech Engineering School, in Toulon, France was conducted both to improve the understanding of physical processes in controlled environment, and to connect the hydrodynamics to the seabed structure.
SWASH FLOWS GENERATED BY A TRAIN OF SOLITARY WAVES ON A PLANAR SLOPE
Authors: Sou In Mei , Wu Yun-Ta , Liu Philip L.-F.
Published: September 2023

The objective of this study is to gain insights of the swash flows generated by a train of solitary waves on a planar beach and the corresponding turbulence structure. Two dimensional velocity measurements are made using a 1000-Hz high speed particle image velocimetry (HSPIV). The turbulence characteristics in terms of the temporal and spatial evolution of the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), TKE spatial spectra, and turbulence length scales are examined.
INVESTIGATION OF DIRECTIONAL SPREADING EFFECT ON WAVE RUN-UP USING SWASH
Authors: Suzuki Tomohiro , Vasarmidis Panagiotis , Altomare Corrado , Roo Sieglien De , Zijlema Marcel
Published: September 2023

In order to keep optimal safety of coastal lines, it is necessary to maintain an appropriate crest level of coastal dikes. This is designed based on wave run-up height and/or wave overtopping discharge. Therefore, it is important to estimate wave run-up and overtopping as accurate as possible. However, the influence of directional spreading on wave run-up and overtopping has not been fully understood yet. In this study, non-hydrostatic model SWASH (Zijlema et al., 2011) is used. First, we implemented a wave run-up model in SWASH in 2DV (flume like) and 3D (basin like). Then wave run-up are simulated for some different cases and compared to the existing empirical wave run-up formulas in literature (e.g. Holman, 1986 and Mase, 1989).
QUANTIFYING RISKS FOR COASTAL LEVEE DESIGNS ALONG THE U.S. GULF COAST
Authors: Nelson Alexander , Arcement Brad , Burrows Brad , Hill Andrew
Published: September 2023

For all U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) dam and levee designs for new projects, modifications, improvements, rehabilitation, or repairs, a risk-informed design approach is taken (ECB 2019-15). Risk-informed design ensures that risks and uncertainties are evaluated and estimated to be tolerable. This approach occurs in parallel to the typical design approach, which primarily focuses on ensuring the project is commensurate with available policies, guidance, and criteria as specified in USACE publications (regulations, manuals, etc.) as well as project-specific criteria. These criteria result in designs that achieve adequate factors of safety for levees, floodwalls, or other structural features across a full range of hydraulic, seismic, and other types of hazards. The risk-informed design approach allows for adaptability to identify cases where a lesser factor of safety may still result in tolerable risks, or conversely, where proposed criteria may not be sufficient to reduce risks to an acceptable level. These type of assessments are performed while ensuring that the project holds life safety paramount, and the design and risk teams are open and transparent in their engagement with local partners.
EFFECTS OF ESTUARY’S GEOMETRY AND BATHYMETRY ON EXTREME WATER LEVELS, STUDY CASE: MANUKAU HARBOUR, NEW ZEALAND
Authors: L.L.Costa Wagner , Bryan Karin R. , Coco Giovanni
Published: September 2023

The present work aims to understand the potential effects of bathymetry and geometry on the total water level in Manukau Harbor in the present and future projections of sea-level rise. Our study site is in the southwest region of Auckland. The tide is mesotidal amplitude, and the estuary has a prismatic geometry, extensive tidal zone, and depths ranging from 30m (close to the estuary entrance) to 1m in the inner channels. We analyzed the observed total water level in 2 tide gauges. The first one, located outside the Harbor, is the Anawhata tide gauge — managed by the National Institute for Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) —; the second, located in the inner estuary, is the Onehunga tide gauge, managed by the Auckland Council. Our methods can be divided into two sessions, the data and numerical analysis.
MODELLED AND OBSERVED IMPACT OF THE APRIL 2021 SOUTHERN OCEAN STORM
Authors: Aldridge Joanna , Taylor David , Collier Louise , Thomson Rhys , Britton Greg , Davies Tom , Pearce Alix , Leplastrier Mark , Lyons Kate
Published: September 2023

Coastal hazards exacerbated by sea level rise present a growing protection gap to property owners and the wider community. ‘Actions of the Sea’ have been a traditional exclusion from insurance policies given their inevitable nature and this present a reputational risk to the industry. Insurance issues regarding coastal inundation and erosion are explored using a case study approach, investigating extreme events impacting Sydney, Australia. A novel multidisciplinary approach combining expertise of coastal hazard assessment and engineers, insurance professionals and urban planning was applied to unravel the deep complexities of the problem. National scale recommendations are formed from the technical findings. The case study focuses on the June 2016 storm event impacting Collaroy/Narrabeen.
EXTREME RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELING DURING REMNANTS OF IDA IN NEW YORK
Authors: Kurum Onur , Kelly Dave M. , J.Roberts Keith , Nairn Rob
Published: September 2023

While the effects of wind and pressure on coastal waters can generate large storm surges that lead to coastal flooding, storm surge represents only one driver of flooding. In reality, flooding is often driven by the combined action of several geophysical drivers (Couasnon et al., 2020; Zscheischler et al., 2018). Formally compound flooding is defined as the combined action of meteorological forces, tidal forces,, fluvial, and pluvial discharge (Zscheischler et al., 2018). Recent events such as the extreme rainfall associated with the remnants of Hurricane Ida in the Northeast United States have demonstrated the need to model the rainfall-runoff impact (i.e., pluvial flooding) and its downstream impact (i.e., fluvial flooding). In extreme rainfall cases in which large quantities of precipitation fall in short periods, urban environments often flood, and wastewater collection systems often exceed their design limit. In severe scenarios, surcharged sewer systems can significantly exacerbate urban flooding. While several existing flood risk methods consider storm surge in them approach, it remains active research topic concerning how and when rainfall-runoff processes should be incorporated in flooding models to assess site-specific flood risk. Often an approach is pursued that involves loosely coupling multiple numerical models each modeling a particular flood driver; however, this approach can become cumbersome. Instead in this work we pursue a different approach in which compound flooding can be resolved in a single numerical model (herein termed a monolithic approach).
SPECTRAL WAVE ENERGY DISSIPATION BY A SEAGRASS MEADOW: INTEGRATING ANALYTICAL AND EMPIRICAL MODELS
Authors: Neto Nery Contti , Lowe Ryan , Pomeroy Andrew , Ghisalberti Marco , Reidenbach Matthew , Conde-Frias Mario
Published: September 2023

Waves propagating across partially emerged and submerged vegetation (such as a seagrass meadow) gradually lose energy due dissipation generated by the drag forces exerted by the vegetation elements (e.g., stems, blades, etc.) (Mendez and Losada, 2004). How vegetation characteristics influence wave dissipation is important to quantify how a canopy affects the physical processes that ultimate lead to the attenuation of waves. However, field studies on wave dissipation in seagrass meadows have often not considered the impact of plant flexibility on both in-canopy flows and wave attenuation. In this study we aim to (1) understand how wave interactions with flexible seagrass canopies affect wave dissipation, (2) assess the role of flow modifications by canopies to explain frequency-dependent wave dissipation, and (3) evaluate the role of flexibility on wave attenuations relative to assuming rigid canopy flow theory.
BEHAVIOR OF VARIABLE DENSITY MUNITIONS UNDER DAM BREAK FORCING
Authors: Idowu Temitope , Gangadharan Manoj , Chapman Emily , Puleo Jack , Stolle Jacob , Bang Damien Pham van
Published: September 2023

Munitions or Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) are ammunitions belonging to a larger family of explosives from past military activities. Sea disposal of munitions was a common practice from the late 1800s to 1970 when international conventions put an end to the practice. The exact quantity of munitions dumped into the Oceans globally is unknown due to sparse documentation but conservative estimates of known records stand at 1.6 million tons (Wilkinson, 2017). After decades underwater, some munitions have resurfaced in the nearshore, presumably washed onshore or exhumed by high-energy wave action. Extreme events could be major causes of migration and exposure of UXO in the nearshore. The quantification of variable density munitions behavior in the swash zone remains poorly understood. Biofouling, encrustation, and corrosion can alter the density of the underwater munitions, which consequently impacts the behavior of the munitions in the swash zone. Hence, this experimental study aimed to quantify the behavior of variable density munitions in the swash zone under dam-break scenarios. The findings of the study create more insights into the behavior of variable density munitions in the swash zone and can also serve as validation data for probabilistic models on munitions behavior in the swash zone under extreme events.
WA’S FIRST LARGE SCALE BENEFICIAL USE BEACH NOURISHMENT PROJECT: LESSONS LEARNED
Authors: Hansen Demont , Costin Jake
Published: September 2023

Port Beach, a popular beach in the metro area of Perth, Western Australia, is the result of 130 years of development of Fremantle Port. During many stages of development, dredged material has been disposed of at Port Beach which has resulted in a source of sand as well as undesirable material on the beach as well and in the nearshore environment. Erosion of this beach became noticeable in the 1990s and a major storm in 2003 resulted in damage to infrastructure. In 2018 Port Beach was designated the highest erosion risk beach in the Assessment of Coastal Erosion Hotspots in Western Australia by DoT and the Department of Planning, Lands, and Heritage (DPLH). In 2017, the City of Fremantle completed a Coastal Hazard Risk Management and Adaptation Plan (CHRMAP) for the Port, Leighton and Mosman Beaches in partnership with the Town of Mosman Park. Through this process, Port Beach was identified as being at extreme risk from erosion in the short term to 2030, and it was recommended that the City implement either (i) a seawall and nourishment or (ii) dune stabilisation, revegetation, and nourishment. In the longer term to 2050 onward, protection or retreat was recommended.
METEOROLOGICAL TSUNAMIS FROM ATMOSPHERIC EFFECTS AND VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS – A HAZARD FOR COASTAL REGIONS AND PORTS
Authors: Pattiaratchi Charitha , Wijeratne Sarath
Published: September 2023

Meteorological tsunamis, or meteotsunamis, are similar to tsunami waves that are generated by seismic or volcanic activity, except they are forced through the atmospheric effects. The main forcing mechanism is an abrupt change in sea surface atmospheric pressure propagating over the ocean. These may be due to atmospheric effects or volcanic eruptions. Meteotsunamis are considered as a multiresonant phenomenon where destructive events occur only when a coincidence of several crucial factors takes place at the same time. These include (Pattiaratchi and Wijeratne, 2015): (1) the generating atmospheric system; (2) the continental shelf and slope topography; and, (3) the topography and geometry of the coastline (harbours, bays, river mouths etc.). All three of the conditions described above depend on the coastal topography and bathymetry as the speed of the shallow water waves is dependent on the water depths. Meteotsunamis are a global phenomenon with many regions have particular names that identify this phenomenon with different forcing mechanisms. In this paper, an overview of the occurrence of meteotsunamis in Australia will be provided through the analysis of sea level measurements and/or currents with an emphasis of their effects in ports and harbours.
TSUNAMI WAVE LOADING ON A STRUCTURAL ARRAY PARTIALLY SHELTERED BY A SEAWALL
Authors: Zhang Zhongduo , Kennedy Andrew , Moris Joaquin P.
Published: September 2023

In recent years tsunamis have been recognized as one of the most catastrophic natural disasters in the world, highlighted by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami. These countries affected by tsunamis like Indonesia, Thailand and Japan usually arm their coast with sea walls to provide protection for coastal urban regions; however, surveys have found during both tsunami events, several sections of breached sea walls had led to extensive damage in those coastal regions (Dalrymple and Kriebel, 2005; Sato, 2015). Previous studies have examined the sheltering effect by macroroughness to individual structures, but limited knowledge is available on the sheltering and flow concentration effect by a partially standing wall to a field of structural array. The result from this experiment will serve to provide a better understanding on the tsunami loading variation induced by different length of partial seawalls, and help prepare more accurate hazard maps for tsunami events.
ASSESSING SHORELINE EDGE DETECTION FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF COASTAL IMAGING TECHNIQUES
Authors: Nuyts Siegmund , Farrell Eugene , Fennell Sheena , Nash Stephen
Published: September 2023

Remote video imagery using shoreline edge detection is widely used in coastal monitoring in order to acquire measurements of nearshore and swash processes. Some of these systems have very limited flexibility due to their rigid structures and require considerable investment in hardware. As such, there is a need for an autonomous low-cost system that can be rapidly deployed in the field, while still producing the outcomes required for coastal monitoring. This research presents a sensitivity analysis of time-lapse intervals for two low-cost time-lapse cameras located in a remote coastal area, overlooking a dissipative beach-dune system. Surveyed beach profiles were used to assess changes in beach elevation from December 2021 to February 2022, and a coupled wave-morphology model was developed using SWAN and XBeach to simulate the observed changes.
PROPAGATION OF CARGO SHIP WAKE INTO SECONDARY CHANNELS
Authors: Muscalus Alexandra , Haas Kevin
Published: September 2023

Cargo ship wake can be a strong and frequent source of energy along shorelines in the vicinity of commercial shipping channels. Large vessels in narrow channels produce low-frequency wake that consists of a positive front wave at the bow of the vessel, a depression (drawdown) spanning the length of the vessel, and an upwards surge produced by the stern wave at the stern. This low-frequency wake is followed by high-frequency wedge-shaped Kelvin wake, as well as continued low-frequency oscillations that may persist in the channel more than 30 minutes after a vessel passage. Low-frequency cargo ship wake with wave heights up to 2.8 meters was identified as the dominant source of erosion at Bird/Long Islands in the Savannah River, Georgia, USA based on the analysis of one month of Aquadopp measurements that captured over 300 large vessel wake events. The islands divide the river into the Main Channel, which contains the shipping channel, and the South Channel, a shallow, sheltered secondary channel trafficked only by small craft. Cargo ship wake was the primary energy source in both channels. The dominance of cargo ship wake energy in the sheltered South Channel demonstrated that the effects of wake extend beyond the shipping channel shorelines. This finding motivated three follow-up studies to quantify the extent and significance of cargo ship wake in the far-field, secondary channels connected directly or indirectly to the shipping channel.
APPLICABILITY OF ATMOSPHERIC REANALYSIS DATA FOR THE REPRODUCTION OF TYPHOON-INDUCED STORM SURGE IN JAPAN
Authors: Amunugama Mangala , Ono Nobuyuki , Suzuyama Katsuyuki , Ogata Takehiko
Published: September 2023

The accurate estimation of a typhoon is a key to improving the reproducibility of typhoon-induced storm surges. The grid point value (GPV) data of Local Forecasting Model (LFM), which are provided by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), are shown to be the most accurate data to simulate typhoons in and around Japan. However, due to the limitations of LFM data (limited spatial and temporal coverage), the atmospheric reanalysis data, which are available for the global domain covering a long period, are commonly used in practical applications. According to previous researchers, it is expected to give a better representation of typhoons in terms of structure and intensity with reanalysis datasets although they are in too coarse resolutions to capture the internal dynamics (Malakar et al., 2020), and the reproducibility of typhoons with different reanalysis datasets varies over different oceanic basins (Schenkel and Hart, 2012). Hence, this paper analyses the two major atmospheric reanalysis datasets together with LFM dataset, and confirms their applicability to reproduce typhoon-induced storm surges in Japan.
PARAMETRIZING DUNE RESILIENCE FROM COLLISION THROUGH INUNDATION
Authors: Janssen Matthew S , Fanning Audrey , Miller Jon K , Lemke-Verderame Laura
Published: September 2023

Numerous studies have identified the protective benefit provided by dunes in shielding upland assets. However, dunes are susceptible to erosion. Breaches, overwash or significant overtopping of a dune are all associated with greater damages to upland infrastructure. Therefore, reliable tools are needed to efficiently assess the likelihood and magnitude of dune erosion during storm events. Existing methods rely on numerical modeling (extensive investment) or insufficiently parameterize the system. To fill this gap, a fragility model using a newly developed dune Engineering Demand Parameter (EDP) was introduced (Janssen and Miller 2022).
COASTAL MAREJADAS FORECAST SYSTEM, VALIDATION AND INSTITUTIONAL LINK IN CHILE
Authors: Molina Mauricio , Aguirre Catalina , Correa Sebastián , Quezada Matías , Manosalva Daniela , Vilches Pablo , Becerra Diego , Vargas Daphne
Published: September 2023

Marejadas, defined as the combination of waves and tides that affect the usual socio-economic activities on the coast and that can cause damage to its infrastructure (Molina, 2020), becomes relevant since the beginning of the past decade on the Chilean coast due to several events that occurred between 2013 and 2017. Considering that, a local wave forecast (MarejadasUV) was developed by Universidad de Valparaíso in Valparaíso bay, Chile (marejadas.uv.cl), to distinguish wave magnitude along the coast. Combined whit tide forecasting and coastal geometry, the forecast system was capable to evaluate hourly run-up and overtopping for the next seven days, which allows implementation of an impact scale for communication purposes (Molina, 2020).
APPLICATION OF VENTURI DIFFUSER DESIGN FOR HYPERSALINE WASTEWATER DISCHARGE INTO THE MARINE ENIVRONMENT
Authors: Wardley Rhian , Taylor David , Churchill Jim , Castro Miguel Ángel
Published: September 2023

The discharge of hypersaline wastewater into the marine environment can be a challenging problem with respect to balancing the minimisation of environmental impacts and maximising cost efficiency across the lifetime of a project. When the density gradient between the discharge water and the receiving water is large, this gradient can dominate the nearfield mixing regime and result in a high-density, hypersaline layer at the seabed forming in the nearfield, and extending into the farfield, mixing zone. This layer can remain virtually undiluted once it extends past the zone of turbulent mixing in the nearfield region. This problem can be enhanced at sites with variable seabed bathymetry, including where dredged navigation channels may be present, resulting in a seabed layer that maintains high salinity over large spatial and temporal scales. The analyses and diffuser design presented in the following sections are based on a project site located in the coastal waters off the Pilbara coastline in northwest Australia.
IMPACT OF INCLUDING OVERTOPPING IN HYDRODYNAMIC MODELLING FOR COASTAL INUNDATION IN PORT PHILLIP BAY
Authors: Cohen Raymond C. Z. , O’Grady Julian , Prakash Mahesh , McInnes Kathy
Published: September 2023

During 2019-2021 CSIRO led the Port Phillip Bay Coastal Hazard Assessment (PPBCHA) project, concerning the bay located in Victoria, Australia. This study looked into the three main hazards of inundation, erosion and groundwater. As part of the inundation hazard component, coastal inundation involving wave setup, seawall overtopping, drainage and urban flooding was considered. Computational modelling was the tool used to study these key elements, necessitating the development of a coupled hydrodynamic and overtopping model. This paper details the assessment of the overall flooding sensitivity to the inclusion of the overtopping modelling, surge (storm tide), rainfall, and drainage.
NATURE-BASED FLOOD RISK REDUCTION VIA MULTIPLE LINES OF DEFENSE
Authors: Vuik Vincent , Jansen Martijn
Published: September 2023

Sea level rise, land subsidence and population growth lead to steadily increasing flood risks in low-lying coastal areas. Hard flood defense structures such as dikes and dams should be regularly heightened and strengthened to sustain their protective function. Further, such hard structures can induce negative effects on the surrounding ecosystem. Therefore, nature-based approaches to flood risk reduction are increasingly promoted. Vegetated foreshores (such as salt marshes and mangrove forests) reduce wave loads on coastal dikes (Vuik et al., 2016). Furthermore, they are able to keep pace with sea level rise due to natural sediment accretion. However, foreshores cannot always exist in front of flood defenses, for example because of shipping lanes, protected habitats or harsh waves and currents. Even in such situations, coastal safety can be enhanced by creating salt marshes in between multiple lines of defense (double dikes). In this study, we investigate the effectiveness, costs and coastal protection benefits of nature-based flood risk reduction via multiple lines of defense.
A DEEP LEARNING MODEL TO PREDICT SHORELINE CHANGE
Authors: Peña Ernesto-Eduardo Gómez-de la , Coco Giovanni , Whittaker Colin , Montano Jennifer
Published: September 2023

As coastal population increases, so does the risk for social and economic losses under a changing climate. To assess future changes, much progress has been made towards developing shoreline numerical models, although producing reliable shoreline change predictions remains a challenge (Montaño 2020). Here we present a Deep Learning (DL) model to predict long-term shoreline evolution due to waves and large-scale atmospheric patterns. The model is based on two types of Artificial Neural Networks: Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) networks and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN).
ON-DEVICE MACHINE LEARNING FOR IDENTIFYING THE SPATIAL EXTENT OF CHRONIC COASTAL FLOODS
Authors: Anarde Katherine , Goldstein Evan , Bolewitz Joe , McCune Ryan , Gold Adam , Hino Miyuki
Published: September 2023

Coastal communities around the world are experiencing flooding due to sea level rise (SLR). At a local level, flood hot spots are often well known, but the causes and frequency of flooding are not well understood. This is in part because the floods are hyper-local and therefore difficult to monitor, and in part because there are many drivers that contribute to flooding. Data on flood incidence, spatial extent, and frequency are needed to better understand the causes and social consequences of chronic coastal flooding. The objective of this study is to develop smart, low-cost sensors with onboard machine learning (ML) for automated detection of flood incidence and spatial extent along roadways. By automating detection of flood incidence and extent, we will be able to gather fine-grained measures of human exposure to flooding at high spatial resolution.
UPDATE ON THE STABILITY OF FOUR ESTUARIES ON THE AUSTRALIAN SOUTH-EASTERN SEABOARD
Authors: Gordon Angus , Nielsen Alexander (Lex)
Published: September 2023

On the New South Wales, Australian east coast there are several estuaries with similar characteristics. Disconcertingly, the construction of training walls and jetties (breakwaters) at four of the medium-to-large sized estuaries have tripped their associated channel and lake (bay) systems from a long-term shoaling mode into an unstable scouring mode (Nielsen and Gordon 1980, 2008, 2017; Couriel et al. 2013. Field data and hydraulic theory confirm that such estuary entrance works have increased the tidal conveyance of entrance channels by modifying channel cross-sections, removing sand bars, extraneous littoral currents and associated sand movements that, previously, impeded ebb tide discharges and ocean tide forcing (Nielsen and Gordon 2017; Escoffier 1940).
DYNAMICS AND MANAGEMENT OF PELAGIC SARGASSUM SPP. IN THE MEXICAN CARIBBEAN
Authors: Chávez Valeria , Uribe-Martínez Abigail , Cuevas Eduardo , Tussenbroek Brigitta I. van , Silva Rodolfo
Published: September 2023

Sargassum fluitans and S. natans (sargasso) are species of brown floating algae. They are found in the Atlantic, concentrated the Sargasso Sea, and also, since 2011, in the Great Altantic Sargassum Belt (Wang et al., 2019). Floating masses of sargasso offer resting, reproduction and feeding areas for many species (some of economic interest), and serve as a biological connectivity vector. However, since late 2014, massive quantities of sargasso have appeared on the coasts of the Mexican Caribbean. This has brought serious negative impacts, such as mortality of nearshore benthic flora and fauna, beach erosion, pollution, a decrease in tourism and high costs in managing the impacts (Chavez et al., 2020). Depending on hydrodynamic conditions, sargasso is transported to the coasts (beaching) or remains offshore, carried away by the ocean currents of the Atlantic. One of the main challenges in understanding sargasso dynamics has been the unpredictability of the influx, as sargasso concentrations in the ocean vary seasonally and interannually, and the ocean concentrations of sargasso and the beached biomass do not always coincide. Field observations, satellite imaginary analysis and numerical modelling have been used in various studies to understand the dynamics of sargasso.
ANALYSIS OF VERTICAL LAND MOTIONS ALONG THE CHILEAN COAST CONSIDERING SEA LEVEL VARIABILITY, EARTHQUAKE AND CRUSTAL DEFORMATION OF SUBDUCTION ZONES
Authors: Molteni-Pérez Francisco , Miyashita Takuya , Shimura Tomoya , Nobuhito Mori
Published: September 2023

Chile is one of the most seismic countries world wide with approximately 86.000 km of coastline and a permanent need for development and management. Because of the Nazca plate subducting the South American plate, coastal evolution is modeled by oceanographic variables and plate tectonics Coastal towns are under permanent tsunami and storm risks unregulated real estate development and climate driven sea level rise (SLR) IPCC AR6 SSP5 8.5 scenario summarized future trend s in absolute mean sea level (AMSL) of ~ 0.1 m in the near term (2021 2040), 0.2 m in the medium term (2041 2060) and 0.6 m in the long term (2081 2100 ) along the coast . However, relative sea level is affected by large coseismic uplift and/or subsidence which may be comparable to or larger than SLR ( Montecino et al., 2017) The combination of SLR, earthquake and crustal deformation is important for long term development. Using satellite and tidal gauge data a comparison between the AMSL and relative mean sea level RMSL) was conducted for different locations along the Chilean coast between 1993 and 2020.
EXTREME STORM SURGES DUE TO GLOBAL WARMING IN EAST ASIA BASED ON A MAXIMUM POTENTIAL STORM SURGE MODEL
Authors: Mori Nobuhito , Mori Sotaro , Shimura Tomoya , Miyashita Takuya
Published: September 2023

Based on climate projections considering global warming, various impact assessments have been made for temperature, precipitation, water resources, and sea-level rise (e.g., IPCC AR6, 2021). In coastal areas, sea-level rise is mainly important as a gradual change in the coastal environment. At the same time, extreme events such as tropical cyclones (TC) are expected to significantly impact storm surges. Global warming is expected to affect the characteristics of TCs, such as frequency, intensity, and track path. However, future changes in TC characteristics are still uncertain on both regional and global scales. This study aims to estimate the maximum potential storm surge height (MPS) along bays in East Asia and Japan using data from the maximum potential intensity (MPI) of a TC.
THE EFFECT OF HARBOR DEVELOPMENTS ON HIGH-TIDE FLOODING IN MIAMI (FL)
Authors: Leo Francesco De , Talke Stefan Andreas , Orton Philip Mark , Wahl Thomas
Published: September 2023

We develop and validate a tidal-inference based methodology that leverages estimates of historical tidal ranges to obtain historical tidal predictions and constituents. Next, the method is applied to a case study in Miami (Florida), where mean tidal range has more than doubled since 1900, from 0.32 m to 0.66 m today. Water level predictions that represent historical and modern water level variations are projected forward in time using different sea level rise (SLR) scenarios, to see how the historical increase in tidal range affects the occurrence of present-day and future high-tide flooding. To this end, we apply the method of Li et al., (2021), which implies to remove tidal oscillations from present-day water levels and replace them with constant tidal prediction, obtained with tidal constituents representing historic conditions. This creates a synthetic time series that approximates what water levels would have been, had tides not evolved. Possible future water levels are estimated for each SLR scenario for (a) a “tide-only” scenario, using tidal oscillation on top of SLR and accounting for average seasonal cycle of mean sea level (MSL); and (b) a “total water level” approach that includes SLR, non-tidal fluctuations and seasonal sea level. While the first approach neglects relevant forcing (e.g., inter-annual to decadal MSL variability, river discharge, storm surge), it enables us to isolate the contribution of tides to HTF and provides useful metrics for quantifying the effects that tides and SLR have on coastal flooding.
NATURE-BASED SOLUTIONS ON MEGA-BIODIVERSE COASTS: EXPERIENCES AND CHALLENGES IN MEXICO
Authors: Silva Rodolfo , Chávez Valeria , Martínez M. Luisa , Odériz Itxaso
Published: September 2023

Coastal ecosystems in tropical areas have a very complex biodiversity where, in a small space, a large number of species is concentrated. The most common tropical ecosystems, coral reefs, seagrass beds, beaches, coastal dunes, coastal lagoons and mangrove forests, are found along the Mexican coast, the target of this analysis. Depending on geological, climatic, and nutrient conditions, some, or all of these ecosystems may be present in any one coastal unit. Within a very small distance, it is common to find several of these ecosystems which can be preserved or altered by human use. Based on the work by Silva et al., (2021), through the application of the DESCR framework (Drivers - Exchanges - State of environment – Consequences - Responses, Silva et al., (2020)) analyses were made of more than 20 Mexican case studies to assess the effectiveness of nature-based solutions.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF LAGRANGIAN MIXING IN WEAKLY DISSIPATIVE TIDAL CHANNELS
Authors: Leo Annalisa De , Stocchino Nicoletta Tambroni, Alessandro
Published: September 2023

Estuaries are extremely dynamic environments, allowing wildlife to grow in a wide variety of ecosystems because of the interaction of masses of water with different characteristics. In particular, coastal bays and estuaries are characterized by flows driven by hydraulic unbalance such as baroclinic pressure gradients, river inflows and wind stresses, and tidal waves. Here, following a reductionist approach, we examine dispersion processes in a physical model of a tidal channel bounded by an inlet mouth, with tides as the dominant forcing. The presence of a tidal inlet can generate macro-vortices that during a tidal cycle may influence the momentum and mass transport on relatively large distances (Awaji et al. (1980), Awaji (1982), Branyon et al. (2022)). Moreover, tides tend to produce non-monotonic particle velocity correlation leading to possible particle looping trajectories that also reflect on a looping character of the Lagrangian integral time scales, differently from the classical statistically steady or homogeneous turbulence (Enrile et al. (2019)). Our goal is to examine the dispersion regimes by means of two-dimensional velocity measurements at the free surface reproduced in a large-scale physical model as a starting point for Lagrangian analysis. We show how the presence of a tidal inlet generates complex flow patterns depending on the character of the forcing tides. Furthermore, the mixed nature of tides may be crucial to dispersion processes, as it enhances the ability of the flow to transport mass in the direction of the main flow.
STORM TIDE IN A DATA RICH COASTAL EMBAYMENT FINDING THE MISSING SURGE
Authors: Smith Mitchell , Couper Zachariah , Teakle Ian , Metters Daryl
Published: September 2023

Numerical modelling of storm tide within Moreton Bay has consistently underestimated peak tide gauge level observations by up to 40 percent during extreme events. This study tests "missing" contribution hypotheses by undertaking a series of integrated hydrodynamic and spectral wave modelling experiments, supported by high quality gridded wind, observed water level and wave data at sites throughout Moreton Bay and the Southeast Queensland coast. The case studies are the regional surge responses during the passages of Ex. Tropical Cyclone Oswald, Ex. Tropical Cyclone Debbie and Tropical Cyclone Oma. Testing of these hypotheses will contribute to an improved understanding of the key processes required to model storm surge accurately in other similar coastal embayments.
DEVELOPMENT OF MESHES FOR COMPOUND FLOOD SIMULATION FOR THE TEXAS COAST
Authors: Valseth Eirik , Vargas Maria Teresa Contreras , Wichitrnithed Chayanon , Westerink Joannes , Dawson Clint
Published: September 2023

The Texas coast is subjected to frequent storms leading to floods in the yearly hurricane season. To provide forecasts of hurricane storm surge, a shallow water equation solver, the Advanced CIRCulation model, Luettich (1992) is used. The current state-of-the-art ADCIRC meshes for the Texas coast used in forecasting were developed about a decade ago, see, Hope (2013). ADCIRC uses unstructured meshes that require significant tailoring to ensure accurate and physically relevant solutions. The current mesh used in forecasting has very high resolution on the Texas coast for accuracy and numerical stability, whereas areas far away from Texas are of low resolution for computational efficiency. The applicability and accuracy of these meshes is regularly verified to be used in operational storm surge forecasting.
SIMULATION OF CONTAINER DRIFT UNDER EXTREME HYDRODYNAMIC CONDITIONS
Authors: Yazaki Shin , Nakamura Ryota , Nistor Ioan , Stolle Jacob
Published: September 2023

In Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011, debris entrained within the incoming tsunami waves was responsible for widespread infrastructure damage (Chock et al., 2011). The presence of debris within the inundating wave needs to be taken into consideration; however, few methodologies and tools exist to estimate debris hazards. Therefore, one option to evaluate the behavior of drifting debris is using numerical models. Currently, the particle method, which is a meshless analysis method, is expected to be utilized for analyzing the behavior of drifting objects (Goaseberg et al., 2017). However, the ability of models to properly capture the interaction between multiple drifting objects has not yet been verified. This study will be among the first to model drift behavior of multiple debris under tsunami-like conditions, using the DualSPHysics model suite.
DEVELOPING LARGE SCALE AND FAST COMPOUND FLOOD MODELS FOR AUSTRALIAN COASTLINES
Authors: Leijnse Tim , Goede Roel de , Ormondt Maarten van , Lemans Matthijs , Hegnauer Mark , Eilander Dirk , Kleermaeker Simone De , Morales Yenory , Maguire Shoni
Published: September 2023

The recent 2022 large scale rainfall events in Australia’s east coast have put in evidence the region’s vulnerability to severe flooding events. In the future, climate change and sea level rise are expected to exacerbate these vulnerabilities. Accurate and reliable flood predictions are required to develop effective emergency management practices as well as appropriate adaptation and mitigation strategies. During events, detailed predictions of flooding can improve early warning systems and enhance the preparedness of relevant governments and communities. To this end, numerical models capable of simulating compound flooding produced by different drivers (e.g., marine, pluvial and riverine) are needed. These models must also be developed at an appropriate level of detail to produce accurate and relevant flood maps.
SUITABLE BOUNDARY LOCATION IDENTIFCATION FOR RAINFALL-RUNOFF AND SURGE MODEL COUPLING TO EVALUATE COMPOUND FLOOD HAZARDS IN COASTAL REGIONS
Authors: Islam Mohammad , Massey Chris , Bukhari Fatima , Ross Molly
Published: September 2023

Flooding in many coastal regions is exacerbated due to complex interactions of multiple flood drivers such as rainfall-runoff and coastal surge which can occur simultaneously or sequentially during storm events, leading to compound flooding hazards. The Texas Gulf Coasts (USA) are especially vulnerable from compound flooding due to frequent occurrence of tropical storms which bring strong winds to drive storm surge and heavy rainfall to generate inland flooding. Large scale studies {Coastal Texas Restoration and Protection Study (CTX, 2021), Texas General Land Office’s Texas River Basin Study, Base Level Engineering Study} are being conducted by state and federal agencies for flood hazard assessment and for development of mitigation and abatement strategies for reducing this risk and increasing community resilience. Traditionally, large scale storm surge models do not account for runoff contributions to water levels in the interior of their domain. Riverine models for their part use either normal depth or mean high water levels to assign downstream boundary conditions within tidally influenced area, thus ignoring effects of storm surge. In this Planning Assistance to States (PAS) study, located in the Lower Clear Creek and Dickinson Bayou watersheds (Texas, USA), we have evaluated rainfall-runoff and storm surge interactions to determine suitable locations to use as model boundary conditions for exchanging data between rainfall-runoff and surge models under compound flooding conditions.
WHAT DRIVES EXTREME EVENTS? EVALUATING THE MAJOR CONTRIBUTORS TO TOTAL WATER LEVELS ALONG THE U.S. ATLANTIC COAST
Authors: Quadrado Gabrielle P. , Serafin Katherine A.
Published: September 2023

The combination of waves, tides, and non-tidal residuals determines the magnitude of total water levels (TWLs) at the coast. As the magnitude of extreme TWLs dictates flooding and erosion potential, understanding the relative contribution of individual processes to these events can provide insights into how changes to the wave climate, sea level, and storminess may affect extreme TWLs now and in the future. Here we evaluate the relative contribution of hydrodynamic processes to extreme TWL events to better understand the spatiotemporal variability of coastal flooding and erosion drivers along the Atlantic coast of the United States (U.S.).
MONITORING OF THE COASTAL DYNAMICS ON THE SAND SPIT AT TORTUGUEROS BEACH, MEXICO
Authors: Escudero Mireille , Posada Gregorio , Vega Beatriz Edith , Mendoza Edgar
Published: September 2023

Sand spits occur worldwide in different shapes, from a single, relatively simple arc to an irregular, crenulated, and complex barrier. Cross-shore and longshore sediment transport often influence spit dynamics (Nagarajan et al., 2015), strongly linked to wave energy and sediment supply. The present analysis focuses on a dynamic and complex spit at Tortugueros beach, a re-entrant bay, 1 km in length, on the Gulf of Mexico. Tortugueros beach is a wave-dominated beach with very fine to fine sand that forms a fairly gentle sloping beach profile. The sediment sources are longshore sediment transport and onshore sandbar migration, while sediment loss is due to long- and cross shore (during storms) transport. The region is micro-tidal, with mean and maximum high tide levels of 0.18 m and 0.92 m above the mean sea level. Given the high dynamics of the Tortugueros beach spit system and the lack of data measured on the beach, a monitoring system was developed to collect field data regularly to help us improve the understanding of the functioning of the coast on this beach, and the international knowledge related to the formation and morphological evolution of this type of spits in other similar beaches around the world.