bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGGUNAAN HUKUM SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK DALAM PENGANGKUTAN LAUT NASIONAL
Authors: Kusnan Kusnan
Published: August 2021

Indonesia sebagai negara maritime dengan 67% wilayahnya merupakan perairan yang terdiri dari 17.000 pulau, memerlukan sebuah regulasi yang baik tentang sistem pengangkutan laut nasional. Untuk terciptanya sistem kelautan nasional yang mampu memenuhi kebutuhan pengangkutan  kelautan di Indonesia Hukum dapat menjadi sebuah instrument dalam menetapkan kebijakan public dalam pengangkutan laut nasional, karena mengenai pengangkutan nasional tidak diatur dalam Kitab undang – undang hukum dagang (KUHD) tetapi diatur dalam Peraturan Pemerintah (PP)  No. 17 Tahun 1988 Tentang Penyelenggaraan dan Pengusahaan Angkutan Laut . Yang menjadi permasalahan adalah 1) bagaimana hukum dapat menjadi instrument kebijakan publik dalam pengangkutan laut nasional dan, 2) apakah model kebijakan public yang digunakan dalam pengangkutan laut nasional ?Untuk menjawab hal tersebut menggunakan  metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang menjabarkan pola – pola untuk memahami fenomena tentang apa yang dialami oleh subjek penelitian. Sehingga diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa Penggunaan hukum sebagai instrumen kebijakan publik dalam pengangkutan laut nasional adalah sebagai payung hukum dari setiap tindakan pemerintah sehubungan dengan pengangkutan laut nasional dengan menerapkan model kebijakan publik kelompok dimana pemerintah menjadi penengah melalui kebijakan yang dikeluarkannya dari berbagai kelompok kepentingan yang menyelenggarakan jasa angkutan laut. Pemerintah perlu menetapkan aturan main guna kepentingan dari masing-masing pelaku usaha dan konsumen.
PELAKSANAAN ADMINISTRASI DAN POLA PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DALAM MENGHADAPI COVID 19
Authors: Sandiasa Gede , Sudianing Ni Ketut
Published: August 2021

Desa adat merupakan lembaga berbasis kearifan lokal, desa adat di Provinsi Bali sangat dihormati dan ditaati oleh masyarakat, yang sebagian besar beragama Hindu dan menjadi anggota desa adat. Pemerintah Provinsi Bali sangat mempercaya lembaga ini mampu mengayomi dan menuntun masyarakat adat menuju pembangunan dan pemberdayaan masyarakat lebih baik. Namun demikian desa adat tidak didukung oleh sumberdaya manusia yang mumpuni dibidangnya, sesuai dengan harapan pemerintah dalam rangka meningkatkan kemampuan desa adat untuk melibatkan diri pada sektor kemasyarakatan dan pelayanan publik yang lebih luas, selain berkaitan dengan keagamaan dan adat istiadat. Sarana dan prasarana, serta anggaran yang dimiliki desa adat sangat terbatas untuk melibatkan diri pada program-program yang lebih luas, yang diwajibkan oleh pemerintah melalui RPJMD Semesta Berencana Provinsi Bali tahun 2019-2023. Pemerintah Provinsi Bali berkomitmen untuk mendorong peranan dan eksistensi desa adat di Bali dengan menyalurkan bantuan operasional agar tetap mempertahankan adat dan tradisi Bali. Kemampuan Sumberdaya dan kelembagaan Desa Adat di Bali sangat bervariasi dalam mengimplementasi semua program pemerintah, sehingga dalam melakukan intervensi program terhadap desa adat, juga harus mempertimbangkan kemampuan dari masing-masing desa adat, dan sangat diperlukan kerjasama kemitraan dengan berbagai pihak, untuk terjadi kesamaan gerak dalam mewujudkan program pembangunan semesta berencana.
Permasalahan yang diajukan dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat adalah apakah 1) apakah desa adat dapat menyelenggarakan kegiatan administrasi secara baik menghadapi covid 19, 2) apakah memiliki kecukupan pengetahuan hukum dalam  penanganan covid 19 dan 3) bagaimana upaya desa adat memberdayakan masyarakat adat dalam masa pandemi covid 19. Untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut tim melaksanakan kegiatan ceramah, metode FGD dan penelusuran literasi yang terkait.
 

Berdasarkan temuan dapat disimpulkan: 1) Desa adat cukup mampu dalam menyelenggarakan administrasi secara baik, dengan pendampingan dari pihak-pihak terkait; 2) Pengetahuan administrasi dan pengetahuan hukum bagi para pemimpin dan tokoh adat, masih perlu ditingkatkan. Rekomendasi yang bisa diberikan adalah 1) perlunya peningkatan kerjasama dengan pihak-pihak untuk dapat memberikan solusi melalui penerapan IPTEK kepada masyarakat; dan 2) upaya edukasi, sosialisasi dan peningkatan keterampilan dan pengetahuan masyarakat secara berkesinambungan oleh berbagai pihak, baik pemerintah, swasta, LSM dan perguruan tinggi
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PERATURAN PEMERINTAH NOMOR 11 TAHUN 2017 TENTANG MANAJEMEN PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL (Studi Penelitian Mengenai Pejabat Fungsional Penyuluh Pertanian pada Dinas Pertanian dan Pangan Kabupaten Badung)
Authors: Mariani Putu , Sumada I Made
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Implementasi Kebijakan PP Nomor 11 Tahun 2017 tentang Manajemen PNS, khususnya terhadap Pejabat Fungsional Penyuluh Pertanian pada Diperpa Badung dan untuk mengetahui kendala-kendala yang dihadapi serta solusi dalam Implementasi Kebijakan PP Nomor 11 Tahun 2017 tentang Manajemen PNS, khususnya terhadap Pejabat Fungsional Penyuluh Pertanian pada Diperpa Badung. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Sampel diambil dengan menggunakan Teknik purposive sampling. Metode pengambilan data adalah dengan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Adapaun hasil penelitian adalah Implementasi PP Nomor 11 Tahun 2017 tentang Manajemen PNS, khususnya terhadap Pejabat Fungsional Penyuluh Pertanian pada Diperpa Badung, tidak sepenuhnya berjalan dengan baik terdapat karena ditemukan beberapa kendala/permasalahan. 2) Kendala dalam Implementasi PP Nomor 11 Tahun 2017 tentang Manajemen PNS, khususnya terhadap Pejabat Fungsional Penyuluh Pertanian pada Diperpa Badung, antara lain : Jumlah pejabat fungsional penyuluh pertanian  yang masih kurang; BUP Pejabat Fungsional banyak disalahtafsirkan; Kendala dalam proses kenaikan pangkat terkait nilai angka kredit; Kendala dalam proses alih jenjang; Mutasi PNS; Belum dibuat formasi JF Penyuluh Pertanian. 3) Solusi untuk mengatasi kendala dalam Implementasi PP Nomor 11 Tahun 2017 tentang Manajemen PNS, khususnya terhadap Pejabat Fungsional Penyuluh Pertanian pada Diperpa Badung, antara lain : mengangkat tenaga penyuluh pertanian kontrak;  koordinasi antar para pihak terkait, sehingga akan timbul satu penafsiran saja, mempercepat usulan penilaian angka kredit dengan tetap menjaga kuantitas dan kualitas kredit yang diajukan sehingga nilai yang ditetapkan oleh Tim Penilai Angka Kredit cukup untuk proses kenaikan pangkat; menyediakan anggaran pendidikan dan pelatihan alih jenjang bagi penyuluh pertanian yang dianggarkan melalui APBD Kabupaten Badung; jika akan melaksanakan mutasi PNS, BKPSDM Kabupaten Badung harus melakukan koordinasi terlebih dahulu dengan Diperpa Badung; segera menyusun formasi pada Diperpa Badung untuk kebutuhan pejabat fungsional penyuluh pertanian pada jenjang tersebut dan juga sekaligus menyusun  formasi pada Diperpa Badung untuk kebutuhan pejabat fungsional penyuluh pertanian secara lengkap.; (b) Kendala dari aaspek Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM); dan (c) Kendala dari aspek Disposisi.
PENGARUH DISIPLIN KERJA, MOTIVASI DAN KOMUNIKASI TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL PADA UNIT PELAKSANA TEKNIS MUSEUM BALI
Authors: Agus Suwiana Putra I Wayan
Published: August 2021

Unit Pelaksana Teknis (UPT) Museum Bali adalah salah satu museum di bali yang menyimpan peninggalan masa lampau manusia dan etnografi. Tujuan didirikannya museum bali adalah untuk menampung, menyimpan dan melestarikan benda-benda sejarah dari kebudayaan dan kearifan lokal bali di masa lampau agar dapat memberikan suluh bagi generasi sekarang dan mendatang. Sebagai salah satu organisasi yang memiliki misi melestarikan budaya dan kearifan lokal bali saat ini, museum bali diharapkan mampu meningkatkan kinerja untuk mengenalkan kebudayaan bali di lampau kepada masyarakat bali khususnya generasi muda saat ini agar tidak lupa dengan budaya lokal bali. Seperti yang kita ketahui bahwa kinerja suatu organisasi sangat di tentukan oleh kinerja dari pegawai di organisasi tersebut. Oleh sebab itu UPT. Museum Bali terus melakukan evaluasi khususnya terhadap sumber daya yang ada sehingga kinerja pegawai dapat meningkat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan antara variabel Disiplin Kerja, Motivasi dan Komunikasi dengan Kinerja Pegawai Negeri Sipil pada Unit Pelaksana Teknis Museum Bali serta untuk mengetahui variabel yang paling dominan mempengaruhi kinerja di instansi tersebut.
Dengan menggunakan metode Deskriptif Kuantitatif, sampel di ambil dengan cara teknik sampling jenuh yaitu seluruh pegawai negeri sipil di UPT. Museum bali yang berjumlah 33 orang. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil analisis dengan uji statistik memperlihatkan variabel disiplin kerja berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja pegawai. Hal ini terlihat dari nilai signifikannya sebesar 0,026 < 0,05 (nilai signifikan yang ditetapkan) serta hasil t-test sebesar 2,341. Demikian juga variabel motivasi mendapatkan hasil signifikan sebesar 0,020 dan nilai t-test sebesar 2,452 dapat di analisis bahwa motivasi berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja pegawai. Variabel komunikasi terhadap kinerja menunjukkan hasil signifikannya sebesar 0,001 dimana nilai r < 0,05 serta t-hitung sebesar 3,911. Jadi komunikasi juga berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja pegawai. Pengaruh disiplin kerja, motivasi dan komunikasi terhadap kinerja pegawai , didapatkan nilai signifikannya sebesar 0,000 (p ≤ 0,005), dan nilai F-test diperolah sebesar 133,540 lebih besar dari F-tabel sebesar 2,93 maka Ho di tolak, artinya ada pengaruh positif dari disiplin kerja, motivasi dan komunikasi terhadap kinerja pegawai, serta dari hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang paling dominan mempengaruhi kinerja adalah variabel komunikasi karena berdasarkan perhitungan analisis standardized coeffecients beta memiliki nilai terbesar yakni 0,430 (43%)  dibandingkan dengan variabel disiplin kerja 0,265 (26%) dan variabel motivasi sebesar 0,321 (32%).
IMPLEMENTASI PERATURAN DAERAH PROVINSI BALI NOMOR 3 TAHUN 2017 TENTANG LEMBAGA PERKREDITAN DESA (LPD) (Study Penelitian pada LPD Desa Pekraman Sesetan)
Authors: Adnjana Putri Kadek Swadewi , Raka Anak Agung Gede
Published: August 2021

Lembaga Perkreditan Desa (LPD) adalah salah satu lembaga keuangan desa yang ada di Bali. Sejak berdirinya, LPD telah berhasil mencapai kinerja dengan baik. Seiring berjalannya waktu, peraturan terkait LPD juga mengalami perkembangan. Perda No. 3 Tahun 2017 adalah perda terbaru tentang LPD. Tujuan pelaksanaan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui implementasi Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Bali Nomor 3 Tahun 2017. Metode yang digunakan penulis dalam penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif dengan metode kualitatif yang bertujuan membuat deskripsi, gambaran secara sistematis, faktual, akurat, mengenai fakta-fakta, sifat-sifat serta hubungan antara fenomena yang diselidiki yang pada akhirnya metode ini digunakan untuk mencari pemecahan atas masalah yang diteliti. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pelaksanaan implementasi Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Bali Nomor 3 Tahun 2017 terdapat beberapa hal belum diimplementasikan diantaranya pendidikan dan pelatihan yang telah diikuti oleh prajuru maupun karyawan LPD Desa Pakraman Sesetan belum berbasis kompetensi. Dalam hal struktur organisasi LPD Desa Pakraman Sesetan belum mengacu pada struktur organisasi yang tertuang dalam Peraturan Gubernur Bali  Nomor 44 Tahun 2017.
Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Çevrimiçi Öğrenme Ortamına İlişkin Memnuniyet Düzeylerinin Bazı Değişkenlere Göre İncelenmesi
Authors: DEMİR Sibel , EREN Esra
Published: August 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı; bir vakıf üniversitesinin meslek yüksekokulunda öğrenim gören öğrencilerin çevrimiçi öğrenme ortamına ilişkin memnuniyet düzeylerinin farklı değişkenlere göre incelenmesidir. Tarama modelinde desenlenen araştırmanın örneklemini 2020-2021 eğitim-öğretim yılı güz döneminde İngilizce I dersini alan birinci sınıf ön lisans öğrencileri (n=970) oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın verileri kişisel bilgi formu ve “E-Öğrenme Sürecine İlişkin Memnuniyet Ölçeği” ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde betimsel analizler ile bağımsız gruplar t-testi ve varyans analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada çevrimiçi öğrenme ortamına ilişkin öğrencilerin memnuniyet düzeylerinin ölçeğin geneli ile tüm alt boyutlarında yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Cinsiyete ve yaşa göre ölçeğin genelinde kadınların ve yaşı büyük olan öğrencilerin lehine farklılık göstermektedir. Derse erişim araçlarına göre ölçeğin genelinde farklılık bulunmamaktadır. Derste kullanılan iletişim kanallarına göre ölçeğin genelinde tartışma forumu ve çoklu iletişim kanalları kullanan öğrencilerin lehine anlamlı farklılık vardır. Son olarak öğrenme yönetim sisteminde geçirilen süreye göre ölçeğin genelinde sistemde daha fazla zaman geçiren öğrencilerin lehine anlamlı farklılık bulunmaktadır.
Phonological Oppositions of Unstressed Vowels in The Uzbek Language
Authors: Nasimovich Radjabov Nasir
Published: August 2021

The research deals with the simple classification of phonological oppositions in relation to the unstressed vowels and also, the complex classification of phonological oppositions concerning both the stressed and unstressed vowels in the Uzbek language. The purpose of this study is to explore the extent of forming phonological oppositions of Uzbek vowel phonemes in the unstressed position and to classify the identified phonological oppositions.  While carrying out of this study, a comparative method was used to compare vowel phonemes with each other, and a descriptive method was used to express their specific features. In the study, simple and complex classifications of phonological oppositions of Uzbek unstressed vowels have been developed. The study concludes that the phonological oppositions of vowels do not lose their significance in the unstressed positions and according to the simple classification, the unstressed vowels have 9 oppositions whose members are differentiated by one phonological feature, and 6 oppositions whose members are differentiated by two phonological features and according to the complex classification, unidimensional, pluridimensional, proportional, privative, gradual, equipolent and constant oppositions of unstressed vowels exist in modern Uzbek.
Developments in Multidisciplinary Research and Social Sciences
Authors: Editorial Technium Science
Published: August 2021

Developments in Multidisciplinary Research and Social Sciences
Volume contains chapters from various researchers in field of Multidisciplinary Research and Social Sciences
For citation purposes, cite as indicated below:
Developments in Multidisciplinary Research and Social Sciences; ISBN 978-606-95069-3-6, TECHNIUM PRESS:  Romania, 2021.
 
List of Authors

Živile Nemickiene - Vilnius University, Kauno kolegija / University of Applied Sciences Kaunas, Lithuania
Poenaru Valentina - Constanta Maritime University, Constanta, Romania
Novac Valerian - ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University, 47 Domneasca Str., Galati, Romania
Bazaitu Razvan - Academia de Politie A. I. Cuza - Bucuresti, Romania
Gassim H. Dohal - Gizan, Saudi Arabia
Andrei-Ionut Perdum- Polytechnic University of Bucharest, Romania.
Model for context-fitting mobile services for monitoring delivery of public health services
Authors: Mutungi Fredrick , Mutungi Fredrick , Baguma Rehema , Basaza-Ejiri Dr. Annabella
Published: August 2021

Purpose: The study aimed at establishing the contextual factors affecting performance of mobile services for monitoring delivery of public health services in Uganda.

Methodology: The study used a qualitative research design in an interpretivist paradigm where the identified factors were subjected to analysis using documentary evidence and qualitative data from interviews. Using purposive sampling, six case studies among institutions responsible for monitoring health service delivery in Uganda were selected. Data was categorized through creating code families, grouping codes with similar attributes into broad categories and represent a higher order grouping of data from which the researcher began to build conceptual model and categories continued until saturation point.

Findings: It was established that lack of power for charging mobile devices, limited content and coverage of data captured by mobile technologies, limited man power, knowledge and skills of using mobile technologies and poor attitude of health workers, general nature of some mobile technologies, language barrier, poor connectivity and reliability of mobile and internet networks,  insufficient supplies of health data collection and processing tools affect the performance of mobile services for monitoring delivery of public health services in Uganda.

Contribution to policy and practice: The study significantly contributes to a large body of knowledge in the adoption and use mobile technologies in monitoring delivery of public health services that has been less investigated in Uganda.
EFFECT OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT ON ORGANIZATION PERFORMANCE
Authors: Githii John
Published: August 2021

Purpose: The underlying rationale for learning organizations is that in circumstances of quick change just those that are adaptable, versatile and gainful will exceed expectations. For this to happen, it is contended, associations need to find how to tap individuals' responsibility and ability to learn at all levels. The general objective of the study was to evaluate effect of knowledge management on organization performance.

Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.

Findings: The study concludes that knowledge protection had the greatest effect on the performance of microfinance organizations, followed by knowledge acquisition, then knowledge conversion while knowledge application had the least effect to the performance. The study found out that the organizations have impressed attributes of knowledge applications such as individuals, organization culture, and identity, policies and documents in their organization which had resulted in improved performance. However, routines and systems were found to have less influence on the performance of these organizations.

Recommendations: There is a need for managers also need to take advantage of the technological capability to support knowledge application processes. In particular, organizations should use technology to map the location of specific types of knowledge, thereby facilitating the application and sharing of knowledge. Technology also should be connected to encourage individuals in different areas to take in as a gathering from a solitary or numerous assets and a single or various focuses in time. Thusly, social and specialized infrastructural components can supplement each other and meet up to improve learning focused procedures.
EFFECT KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND PERFORMANCE AT THE KENYA REVENUE AUTHORITY
Authors: Muturi Elizabeth
Published: August 2021

Purpose: The real challenge is the use of technology to continuously promote KM uptake in organizations with a different culture, more so government institutions, ensuring at the same time that knowledge creation, sharing and usage becomes more efficient and transparent.. The general objective of the study was to evaluate effect knowledge management and performance at the Kenya revenue authority.

Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.

Findings: The study concludes that, majority of the respondents agree that knowledge sharing through the KM portal reduces the knowledge accessibility process which saves on man-hour. It 66 also concludes that using the KM portal reduces the knowledge transfer rate within KRA. Also on-line KM sharing process improves efficiency in transferring critical knowledge within KRA and has improved knowledge creating and sharing levels. It is less expensive to do on-line knowledge sharing than the traditional methods. Finally, knowledge management has helped KRA in improving performance while also helping KRA to control of the knowledge management process. The study further concludes that indeed knowledge management leveraged on technology has a positive relationship with organizational performance. This implies that with the adoption of knowledge management based on technology, performance is likely to be enhanced.

Recommendations: There is a need for KRA Kenya Revenue Authority to sensitize the employees on the KM systems it has in place and how they will be of advantage to them in terms of increasing their output levels. Given the positive response from the employees that they are willing to embrace knowledge creation, sharing and usage in the long term, there is need for Kenya Revenue Authority to keep on developing new systems and improving on the existing ones on a need to need basis. The new systems and improved existing ones will ensure that KM leveraged on technology is sustainable and thus the performance levels will improve
INFLUENCE OF SOURCE OF DATA, INFORMATION FLOWS AND EXCHANGE PLATFORMS ON LEVEL OF HIS FEEDBACK IN PUBLIC HEALTH FACILITIES
Authors: Miningwa Alex
Published: August 2021

Purpose: Data collection is the first step of the information process within the health information system, so health information systems are often classified according to data collection method. The general objective of the study was to evaluate influence of source of data, information flows and exchange platforms on level of HIS feedback in public health facilities

Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.

Findings: The study concludes that there was feedback at all levels in the HIS. The feedback was on referrals, disease prevalence rates and policy implementation. The feedback was beneficial in terms of helping the health facilities improve data collection, information processing and general implementation of the Health policies. Feedback provided was relevant especially from the Ministry of Health.

Recommendations: There is need for Ministry of Health should to increase interaction (feedback) with the lower level health facilities. Ministry of Health should give priority to all health facilities in terms of processing information obtained and feedback given on timely basis. This will improve decision making in all facilities that share information through HIS. Moreover ministry of Health and Administrators of Health facilities should strengthen HIS for the benefit of improving service delivery in the Health Sector. This can be through increasing capacity of the HIS to satisfy needs of all stakeholders
EFFECT OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON PERFORMANCE OF MOBILE TELEPHONE COMPANIES
Authors: Kimani Elijah
Published: August 2021

Purpose: Knowledge management practices in general were found to influence organization performance as there is increased awareness of information that is critical to achieving the organization’s mission. The general objective of the study was to establish the effect of knowledge management practices on performance of mobile telephone companies.

Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.

Findings: The study concludes that knowledge management practices in general influences organization performance in various ways including, knowledgeable employees, better decision making in the organization, improved service offering to client, reduced operational costs, improved organizational competitiveness. This is mainly so because there is increased awareness of information that is critical to achieving the organization’s mission. The order of significance of the effect of knowledge management practices on performance of mobile telephone companies in starting with the most significant to the least is; knowledge creation, knowledge sharing, knowledge acquisition, knowledge implementation and knowledge storage respectively.

Recommendations: The study points out that for effective organization administration organizations need to create a central repository system to store and retrieve information on organization reports cards, feedback on student progression, coordination of organization schedules, organization suspension, finances and other professional development which will have an overall effect on organization performance. Organizations should also install internet services and computers in order to share knowledge and improve the organization’s efficiency, performance, and competitiveness
CAUSES OF UNDER-NUTRITION IN MUKURU AND VIWANDANI URBAN INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS
Authors: Wahome Mercy , Mbatia Prof. Paul
Published: August 2021

Purpose: The objective of the landscape analysis was to identify the causes of under-nutrition in mukuru and viwandani urban informal settlementsMethodology: The analysis was largely based on literature review from previous surveys, program reports and internet search on secondary information relating to the urban sector in Kenya having been undertaken to establish and collate a wide range of baseline facts on nutrition, poverty and vulnerability. In addition to a range of secondary sources, some primary data was collected through key informant interviews.Results: The study found out that  the main causes of Malnutrion in Mukuru: Lack of knowledge on child feeding practices , Poor weaning practices-Children refuses to eat due to lack of taste and diversity in food intake, Social economics problems- Most families don’t afford the necessary diet due to poverty, Poor health seeking behavior leading to late identification and diagonisation of malnourished children, Day cares-There is very minimal attachment between the mother and the child as most of the time the child is in the day care centre. In some cases children are locked in the house all day long, Diseases- Mukuru could be having high prevalence of diarrhea, pneumonia and ricketsUnique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Training should be extended to the care givers on child feeding practices. Emphasis on diversity of food intake so as improve on the children’s appetite. Lastly, encouraging maximum attachment between the mother and the child.Keywords: Nutrition, Malnutrion, Poverty, Diseases, Mukuru, Viwandani, mortality, morbidity
Global Domestic Workers
Authors: Marchetti Sabrina , Cherubini Daniela , Garofalo Geymonat Giulia
Published: August 2021

EPDF and EPUB available Open Access under CC-BY-NC licence. Drawing from the EU-funded DomEQUAL research project across nine countries in Europe, South America and Asia, this comparative study explores the conditions of domestic workers around the world and the campaigns they are conducting to improve their labour rights. The book showcases how domestic workers’ movements put ‘intersectionality in action’ in repre-senting the interest of various marginalized social groups from migrants and low-income groups to racialized and rural girls and women. This will be an invaluable for scholars, policy makers and activists alike.
HUKUM DAN MORAL: MENGULIK ULANG PERDEBATAN POSITIVISME HUKUM DAN TEORI HUKUM KODRAT H.L.A HART & LON F. FULLER
Authors: Rusydi Muhammad
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT

This paper explores the theoretical exchange between two influential legal thinkers, H.L.A. Hart and Lon F. Fuller. The first mentioned represent the school of legal positivism while the later known as the defender of natural law theory. This paper refers to their early works of Hart’s “Positivism and the Separation of Law and Morals” and Fuller’s “Positivism and Fidelity to Law-A Reply to Professor Hart” which both published in 1958.

Keywords: Legal Positivism, Natural Law Theory, H.L.A. Hart, Lon F. Fuller.
RULE OF LAW AND ITS EFFECT ON CHINESE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Roziqin Roziqin
Published: August 2021

China's economic growth during the Covid-19 pandemic was impressive because it did not fell into recession. China's government has become a role model for facing Covid-19 outbreaks. China is now the world's wealthiest country, if we see its Gross Domestic Product from Purchasing Power Parity (GDP-PPP). China's position as the number one globally is faster than Jacques's prediction in 2009 that it will happen in 2050. For China, which does not implement liberal democracy, the writer hypothesizes that the reasonable choice to develop the economy is state-driven development through the rule of law. At present, the rule of law has become a daily conversation of the Chinese people. However, there are still many outsiders who doubt China has and applies the rule of law. It happens because China implements the rule of law with Chinese characteristics. This research will study the rule of law with Chinese characteristics, China's effort to implement the rule of law, and the rule of law on China's economy. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach to explain the rule of law with Chinese characteristics.  It will analyze the rule of law concept and its effect on China's economy. China applies the rule of law with Chinese characteristics based on Chinese traditions, which are heavily influenced by Confucius's teachings and prioritize obligations rather than rights. China has done many reforms action to implement the rule of law. The implementation of the rule of law in china makes China become a prosperous country now.
AGRESIFITAS SUPIR BIS KOTA YANG BERETNIS BATAK DAN TINGKAT KAPATUHAN BERLALU LINTAS
Authors: Alatas Maryam
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat gambaran perilaku agresi supir bis kota dan mengetahui hal-hal yang memicu timbulnya perilaku agresi pada supir bis kota dan korelasinya terhadp kepatuhan hukum sopir bis kota dalam berlalu lintas. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini adalah wawancara dan observasi. Subjek penelitian pada penelitian ini adalah supir bis kota berusia sekitar 30-40 tahun yang telah bekerja sebagai supir bis minimal satu tahun dan beretnis Batak. Selain wawancara dengan subjek, peneliti juga melakukan wawancara dengan significant other yang merupakan kernet subjek. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa subjek melakukan perilaku agresi baik secara fisik, verbal, aktif, pasif dan secara langsung maupun tidak langsung, yang dipicu oleh beberapa faktor yaitu, frustrasi, stres, deindividuasi, kekuasaan dan kepatuhan, provokasi dan suhu udara. Hal tersebut yang menjadi faktor rendahnya tingkat kepatuhan hukum sopir bis dalam berlalu lintas.   

Kata Kunci : agresi, supir bis kota, kapatuhan, lalu lintas.
(Trans)Formative Power of Purpose and Projectivity
Authors: Fremstad Ester
Published: August 2021

The present study illustrates the educational power of purpose and projectivity if our aim is for students to become able to make socially responsible decisions and to act on their judgment. The study is based on interviews with academic teachers and analyses of course descriptions. Two empirical cases are analyzed through the lenses of ‘practical reasoning’ (Colby and Sullivan 2008) and ‘agency’ (Emirbayer and Mische 1998), and illustrate the formative and transformative potential of ‘purpose’ and ‘projectivity’ for students, disciplines, professions and society. The study contributes an empirical and conceptual basis for discussing what educating for social responsibility requires, and a framework for analysing and planning teaching.
From response and adaptation to learning, agency and contribution: making the theory of practice architectures dangerous
Authors: Hopwood Nick
Published: August 2021

What is higher education praxis in a world beset by crises? Sjølie et al. (2020) explore this in relation to academics’ learning during the, using the theory of practice architectures, to highlight key responses and adaptations to the Coronavirus pandemic. I offer a re-reading of their cases of changing practice, challenging a sense of being accepting of, resigned to, and unfolding ‘under’ given circumstances. Instead, I highlight agentic, transformative praxis, where people act individually and collectively towards alternative futures. Drawing on Stetsenko’s transformative activist stance, I point to ways the theory of practice architectures might be put to work ‘dangerously’, as part of a struggle for a better world. Envisioning a reinvigoration of a politically charged theory of practice architectures, I argue the it offers particular value through the concept of learning as coming to practise differently, sharpened through a notion of contribution rather than participation.
The period of mandatory on-line education in the spring of 2020
Authors: Garrote Jurado Ramon , Pettersson Tomas
Published: August 2021

This contribution to the “notes-from-the-field” section of the JPHE aims to outline the experiences of lecturers at the University of Borås, Sweden (here and after UB), who turned to on-line education as a response to the spread of Covid-19 during the 2020 spring semester.
 
To obtain a concise overview of lecturers’ reflections and experiences, an on-line survey was conducted between May 18 and May 31, 2020. A questionnaire consisting of 11 questions with multiple choice alternatives was used. Respondents were also encouraged to comment and develop their responses further, via email. Due to confidentiality, these comments are not explicitly reported in this text.
 
This text is not intended to present a deep analysis of events, nor an investigation into whatever theoretical framework one may find appropriate for this type of situation. Rather, our contribution alerts researchers in the field to a special situation many of us experienced, in order to provide opportunities to investigate pedagogical challenges in a time of distress, as well as stimulate further discussion about these matters
An Interview with Gerald Cupchik
Authors: Shaughnessy Michael
Published: August 2021

In this interview, a leading figure in the realm of aestheics, higher education and mentoring responds to some questions about mentoring, the mentoring relationship and the mentoring process.
Effects of Acetaminophen or Ibuprofen Monotherapy in Febrile Children: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Kuo Ning , Su Nien-Yin , Hou Sen-Kuang , Kang Yi-No
Published: August 2021

Introduction

When a child presents with fever in the clinical encounter, parents are usually concerned about alleviating the fever. However, the indications for selecting an appropriate drug from the most commonly used antipyretic drugs acetaminophen and ibuprofen remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of acetaminophen and ibuprofen in febrile children through a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Material and methods

Cochrane, Embase, and PubMed databases were searched for the relevant RCTs. Two authors individually extracted information on trial design, demography, rate of fever resolution, body temperature, and overall adverse event. Data were pooled mainly using random-effects model; however, because of some sparse data, Peto odds ratios (PORs) were used for outcomes of fever resolution and adverse event. 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were also presented.

Results

In total, 26 RCTs (n=4137) fulfilled eligibility criteria. Pooled estimates demonstrated that acetaminophen led to significantly lower fever resolution rates than ibuprofen did (POR=0.91, 95%CI: 0.84–0.98; I2=0%) in the subgroup of trials with a mean age of <2 years. However, the treatment–time interaction model for body temperature demonstrated that the fever resolution effect was mainly from the time factor based on the available data (effect size=−0.20; 95%CI: −0.30 to −0.11; I2=6.9%). Acetaminophen demonstrated a lower overall adverse event rates than ibuprofen (POR=0.71; 95%CI: 0.58–0.87; I2=0%).

Conclusions

The effects of ibuprofen are similar to acetaminophen even in children mean aged approximately 5 years old. Nevertheless, acetaminophen is safer than ibuprofen, particularly in children approximately 5 years old.
FLUORIDE CONTENT IN GROUNDWATER OF BAPOLI BLOCK OF PANIPAT (NCR) HARYANA, INDIA
Authors: Singh Bhupinder , Singh Anuradha
Published: August 2021

In India more than 70% population relay on ground water for their daily needs. Ground water may be contaminated from natural contaminants e.g. fluoride, iron, arsenic and salinity etc. It has been proved that more than 21 states of Indian Republic are suffering from fluoride problem in their ground water. It is pertinent to mention here that fluoride in water and diet has both i.e. positive as well as negative effects on animals including humans. Haryana is one of the states facing the problem of fluorosis hence; the study under reference was carried out to monitor the level of fluoride in groundwater of Bapoli block of Panipat district of Haryana. In Bapoli block fluoride content varied between 0.24 - 1.76 mg/l and mean fluoride content was 0.99 mg/l. Out of 40 samples analyzed from Bapoli block, 34 samples had fluoride content within permissible limit and 06 samples had fluoride content above the permissible limit. The different studies carried out globally have shown that underground water includes larger amount of fluoride. It may be due to dissolution of fluoride minerals from rocks laden with fluoride minerals.
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF LEAF EXTRACTS OF POLYALTHIA LONGIFOLIA (SONN.) BENTH. AND HOOK. F. AGAINST RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI
Authors: Meena Poonam , Jain Tripta , Sharma Kanika
Published: August 2021

Phytochemicals are chemical compounds which are also called as a secondary metabolite. Different types of secondary metabolites synthesized by plants which are play important role in biotechnological application and also in antimicrobial activity. In the present study were carried out to determine in vitro the antifungal activity of alcoholic, hydroalcoholic and aqueous crude extracts of Polyalthia longifolia leaf against Rhizoctonia solani fungus. All these extracts i.e., 100% aqueous, 100% alcohol and 50% hydro alcohol used as 10mg/ml concentration with acetone solvent to control of Rhizoctonia solani. The results revealed that the extract that most effectively inhibited growth was found to be 100% alcoholic leaf extract. Finding in this study confirmed that plant extracts can be used as to develop the plant extract-based bio-formulation to control plant pathogens to reduce the dependence on the synthetic fungicides which are ecological safe and cheap.
PATTERN AND PREDICTORS OF SUBSTANCE USE AMONG IN-SCHOOL ADOLESCENTS: A COMPARISON OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN GOMBE LGA, GOMBE STATE, NIGERIA.
Authors: Mohammed Amina , P Chingle Moses , Awazzi Envuladu Esther , Abubakar Difa Joshua , Onyi Okoh Elizabeth , Anuwolapo Osagie Ize , Aliu Abdulrazaak
Published: August 2021

Background: Substance use is a Public Health problem with significant negative consequences on the physical, psychological and mental health of individuals with worse effects among adolescents. The objective of this study was to determine and compare the pattern and predictors of substance use among in-school adolescents in Public and Private secondary schools in Gombe LGA, Gombe State. Methods: It was a comparative cross-sectional study. Multistage sampling technique was used to select participants from both comparison groups. Data was collected using a pretested self-administered questionnaire. All data generated were collated and analysed using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Results: The proportion of students engaged in substance use were 17.9% and 18.9% in private and public secondary schools respectively, this was not statistically significantly different (P-value 0.830). There was a statistically significant difference in the level of health risk associated with substance use among respondent in public and private schools (P value 0.008). Furthermore, respondents in public schools who almost never participated in religious activities and those who occasionally participated in religious activities had 4.2 and 3.5 times more odds respectively of using substances compared to those who almost always participated in religious activities p value 0.007 (CI 1.497-12.008) and p value 0.008 (CI 1.398-9.183) respectively. In both schools, those who had friends that used substances were more likely to use them p value <0.001(OR 0.99; CI 0.039-0.232) for private and p value <0.001 (OR 0.108; CI 0.048-0.245) for public schools. Conclusion: This study has therefore implied that there is no difference in the proportion and pattern of substance use by adolescents in both private and public secondary schools, however, the level of health risk is more among those in private schools.
Influence of Camel Milk on the Antibacterial Activity of Ciprofloxacin
Authors: Imam Tanko Abdulhamid , Olayiwola Jimoh Abdulgafar , Tukur Umar Muhammad , Abdullahi Hudu Shuaibu
Published: August 2021

Background: Despite the availability of more researched and formulated orthodox medicines, traditional medicines remain the main source of therapy for the majority of people worldwide with some patrons concurrently using both forms unaware of the unwanted effects that may occur. Camel milk is often used alone or in combination with other orthodox medications to treat diseases. The study aimed to investigate the influence of camel milk on the antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin. Materials and methods: The in vitro antibacterial activity of camel milk escalating doses (30μL, 100μL and 300μL) alone and in combination with Ciprofloxacin escalating doses (2mcg, 5mcg, 15mcg) against some clinical bacterial isolates (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia marcescens) was determined using the Agar-well diffusion method. Result: Camel milk escalating doses alone showed dose-dependent antibacterial effect against all the test bacteria. However, combinations of the camel milk escalating doses and ciprofloxacin escalating doses respectively produced an antagonistic effect against all the test organisms. Conclusion: Fresh camel milk possesses antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens and Staphylococcus aureus but is not recommended for combination with ciprofloxacin to treat infections caused by the above organisms.
APPLICATION FOR MEASURING REPRESENTATIVE VARIABLES OF COLLECTIVE SPACE INTELLIGENCE
Authors: Paiva C. A. , Campos R. G. , Camboim S. P.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The scarcity of metrics for analysing the quality of Voluntary Geographic Information without direct comparisons with reference data makes it impossible to use this information in many areas of society. Especially in developing countries, where collaborative data can help fill the deficit of official data, studies on intrinsic parameters of quality become an alternative to conventional comparative methods for evaluating spatial data. A recurring parameter in related research is Collective Spatial Intelligence. Seeking to offer researchers on the subject a tool capable of measuring the Collective Spatial Intelligence in predefined areas, we developed a Python application that counts representative values of this intelligence in political-administrative limits. Considering that, in general, the quality of spatial data is inferred on these limits, research that seeks to explain the VGI quality without using official data as a reference can be facilitated.
A protocol for oral myofunctional assessment: For application with children
Authors:   Medical School of University of Sao Paulo- ", Neiva Flavia ,   FMUSP", Wertzner Haydee
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this research was to compare Oral Myofunctional Disorder characteristics in subjects with Tongue Thrust and in subjects with no such disorder, and to suggest a protocol for Oral Myofunctional­Assessment, involving the most relevant characteristics for this diagnosis. The present study used 36 subjects with various disorders enrolled in the Speech-Language Pathology Department at Health Center "Escola Professor Samuel Barnsley Pessoa". Results showed that the main characteristics differentiating subjects with Oral Myofunctional Disorders from those without it and, therefore important diagnostic considerations, are: hole in the feeding-bottle, nipple used in the feeding-bottle, breathing deviations, lips rest posture (information obtained from a person responsible for the subject), lips and tongue resting posture (information obtained from assessment), lip tonus, hard palate, swallow, breathing and occlusion.
Digit-sucking: A review of literature, clinical observations and treatment recommendations
Authors: Van Norman Rosemarie
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this paper is to share information about the digit-(thumb/finger) sucking behavior including how it begins; the biological, psychological and physiological connections; how it becomes perpetuated; problems related to prolonged sucking activity; guidelines for referral; and considerations for appropriate patient selection to enhance successful therapy. The basis for this information is a combination of published research and 24 years of clinical experience working with approximately 1500 individuals with sucking habits. Data compiled on 723 individuals will be presented.
The effectiveness of orofacial myofunctional therapy in improving dental occlusion
Authors: Benkert Kimberly
Published: August 2021

Summary. The most significant findings of this study definitively establish the beneficial effects of orofacial myofunctional therapy on improving dental occlusion, decreasing dental open bite, and decreasing dental overjet. The results reported are actually quite conservative because of the method of measuring. Measuring and recording every tooth unquestionably dilutes the results which would have been achieved if only the anterior teeth had been used in the calculations. Some may question the small millimeter change as being significant. The change is reflective of the overall relative value change of incorporating all teeth within the dental arches and not limiting the analysis to only the anterior teeth. The secondary findings of the study confirm that age is not necessarily a factor in predicting success of a therapy program. Further, this study indicates that improvement of open bite and overjet can result from OMT without prior or concurrent orthodontic intervention.
Clinical exchange: lingual frenums and frenectomies
Authors: Wilder Trudy , Gelesko April
Published: August 2021

Clinical experience has taught the orofacial myologist that sometimes exercises can stretch restrictive lingual frenums; sometimes surgical intervention is necessary. The authors present two case studies to illustrate the different scenarios.
The effectiveness of orofacial myofunctional therapy in improving patients' ability to swallow pills
Authors: Pierce Roberta
Published: August 2021

The data in this report was obtained from the clinical charts of 100 patients who had orofacial myology evaluation/ consultation and subsequent therapy in the office of the author from January 1990 through June 1996. Of the 100 patient charts which were analyzed, 39 reported difficulty swallowing pills at the initial evaluation. All 100 patients were able to swallow pills easily at the conclusion of ten to twelve lessons of tongue thrust therapy. "Ability to swallow pills" is a "functional outcome" of tongue thrust therapy. [excerpts from article]