bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Free nonlinear vibration of the cable with external damper
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Guzeev R. N. , Koprov R. O. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Published: February 2021

The numerical analysis for cable nonlinear vibration with external viscous damper based on explicit integration equation of motion is proposed. The algorithm allows taking into account both the geometry non-linearity of the cable and the non-linearity associated with the damper. There has been made an analysis of free nonlinear vibration to determine the total vibration decrement of the system with damper. The optimal parameters for external viscous damper are determined. There have been obtained dependences for damping system optimal parameters in relation to the reduced damper coordinate.
Humidity deformation of concrete subjected to alkaline corrosion. The process model
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Korolev E. V. , Grishina A. N. ,   National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Mikheev A. V. ,   LLC "Transstroymekhanizaciya", Gladkikh V. A. ,   National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering
Published: February 2021

The article presents an analysis of works on alkaline corrosion of cement concrete. It is shown that of particular interest are works that analyze the effect of concrete cracks, which appeared during operation, on the intensity of such corrosion. A model of changes in volume deformations of concrete samples has been developed, which is based on the phenomenon of technogenic metasomatosis involving chemical and physical-chemical processes leading to the transformation of the parameters of the structure and composition of the material under the influence of the external environment. An analysis of the model is carried out and the consequences are formulated, the fixation of which in experimental studies will make it possible to identify the course of technogenic metasomatosis in concrete.
Determining the characteristics of a cellular humidifier depending on the depth of the irrigated nozzle by numerical modeling method
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Kryshkin N. M.
Published: February 2021

The results of numerical experiments of the air treatment process in conditioning systems using irrigated nozzles of various depths by means of the StarCCM+ program are presented. The results obtained can be used to build empirical dependencies of characteristics for devices with irrigated nozzles on the depth of the nozzles.
Analytical model for assessing the bus efficiency preservation factor
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Taysaev K. K. , Terent'ev A. V. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Published: February 2021

When evaluating the conditions under which decisions have to be made in the bus technical operation system, it is necessary to consider factors that were unknown at the time of the bus design preparation or uncertain factors of the external environment, which arise during operation of buses at different stages of its service life. These include the tightening of regulatory requirements for comfort, structure and environment safety. At present, as a result of the increased impact of the external social environment on the assessment of the bus operation quality and the need to implement the achievements of the scientific and technical process on timely basis in ensuring the passenger transport safety, the importance of these factors has significantly increased and is becoming apparent during one service life of buses. A comprehensive indicator for assessing the impact of environmental activity on the bus life is the efficiency preservation factor (EPF). Therefore, the development of methods and mathematical models that reliably determine and predict the value of the EPF of buses for different operating conditions is a pressing scientific and technical problem, and its solution is demanded by practice. The article presents a model for assessing the EPF of buses, which allows solving problems according to several relevant efficiency criteria, namely, reliability, structural and environmental safety, operating costs.
Approaches to preserving wooden religious temples in the XX-XXI centuries on the example of the Transfiguration Church of the Kizhi Pogost
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Nezvitskaya T. V.
Published: February 2021

The problem of the accelerated destruction rate of wooden architecture monuments in Russia requires searching for new approaches to conservation. In order to come to an unbiassed decision, specialists need a comprehensive and systematic approach, as well as a certain set of principles and criteria for choosing this approach. The article presents a review of the seventy-year period of preservation of the wooden Transfiguration Church of the Kizhi Pogost built in 1714. During this period, there was discovered the danger of the monument collapse and urgent measures were required to save it. This determined the tasks and methods of its restoration. Observing the continuity of restoration processes, there were revealed various approaches to the building preservation. The results obtained are recommended to be used when carrying out activities to preserve wooden religious monuments, taking into account the characteristics of a particular monument.
Information modeling technologies at design of hydraulic facilities
Authors:   LLC «Morstroytechnology», Kurilo E. Yu. , Nizhegorodtsev D. V. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Published: February 2021

There takes place an intensive integration of building information modeling (BIM) in the activities of design and construction companies of the Russian Federation, including the hydraulic engineering segment. Existing software systems for building information modeling are not adapted for the design of marine engineering. This article is devoted to the study of the problem and the development of specialized solutions in this area (new or based on the existing software).The process of creating a hydraulic engineering pilot project, including the necessary libraries of basic elements, is considered. An enlarged plan for the integration of BIM to the marine engineering is proposed.
Taking into consideration the progressive collapse of civil buildings in foreign and domestic standards
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Osykov S. V.
Published: February 2021

The paper presents a review of foreign and domestic design standards for progressive collapse resistant buildings. The development of methods for structural analysis of buildings under a sudden bearing element removal is shown. The main differences between Russian standards and foreign guidelines in terms of progressive collapse analysis of buildings are highlighted.
NEW DESIGN AND PROCESS SOLUTIONS FOR WATER INTAKE STRUCTURES OF RECLAMATION SYSTEMS IN FOOTHILL AREAS
Authors:   Kabardino-Balkarian State Agricultural University named after V. M. Kokov, Kurbanov S. O. , Sozaev A. A. ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State Agricultural University named after V. M. Kokov
Published: February 2021

Introduction. Efficient and reliable operation of water intake structures within reclamation systems in Southern Russia and the North Caucasus is a challenging issue. In this article, we address the operational reliability of reclamation water intakes in the foothill areas of small rivers. Many water intake structures built on small rivers are in poor operating condition and, therefore, need improvement and complete reconstruction. Methods. We performed analytical and field studies on the head structures of foothill reclamation systems. Based on the results, we identified the reasons for the low efficiency and reliability of old water intake structures. Since it is impossible to improve these water intake structures, new types and designs of high-performance water intakes are required. Therefore, we propose some original types of underground horizontal and underflow water intakes and determine corresponding technical parameters and performance criteria. Results. Due to low efficiency as well as high energy and material consumption of existing water intake structures, it is required to significantly reduce the cost of supplied irrigation water by introducing new types of high-performance water intake structures. Based on the studies of alluvial regimes of rivers and retention basins as well as hydraulic regimes of head water intake structures, we prepared design and process solutions that help control sediment effectively, increase the water intake coefficient, and regulate water supply to irrigation canals. The design features of new water intakes have a beneficial effect on river flows and the quality of irrigation water. Conclusion. The study results confirm the high performance and manufacturability of the proposed horizontal and underflow water intakes protected by patents for inventions. This year, our designs have been included in the state grant program for the development of standard hydraulic structures within reclamation systems.
IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE HYDRAULIC MODES OF OPERATION OF SURFACE RUNOFF DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
Authors:   Military Academy of Material and Technical Support named after General of the Army A. V. Khrulev, Ignatchik V. S. , Ignatchik S. Y. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Kuznetsova N. V. ,   Ltd. AW&W, Fes’kova A. Y. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Published: February 2021

Introduction. Based on Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 782 “On water supply and wastewater disposal plans”, the volume of generated wastewater should be forecast for a period of at least 10 years. Along with this, it is also necessary to assess the hydraulic modes of operation of networks and collectors, specified earlier. However, the existing regulatory literature lacks data on the dynamics of calculated rain intensities and their prospective values. The analysis of the subject area showed that it is possible to determine the climatic parameters of an area, and thus establish the values for the characteristics of calculated rain, based on the data of long-term observations (from 20 years) with one self-recording rain gauge, or with a network of similar rain gauges, with a duration of observations of 5 years or more. A similar network of rain gauges is available in St. Petersburg. It makes it possible to assess the actual values of climatic parameters, but due to the lack of statistical data does not allow for assessing the dynamics of their changes. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to roughly estimate the dynamics of changes in climatic parameters in St. Petersburg and the degree of their impact on the hydraulic modes of operation of surface runoff drainage networks and collectors. Methods. In the course of the study, we analyzed the dynamics of changes in the total annual precipitation H and rain force in St. Petersburg and examined the influence of the dynamics of rain force changes on the operation of surface runoff drainage networks and collectors. Results. At the first stage of the study, we obtained the results of linear approximation of the H data, the calculated values of rain force changes Δ, and the results of linear approximation of the Δ data. The second stage of the study resulted in changes in the hydraulic modes of runoff input during the design period and in 50 years. Conclusion. We experimentally substantiated the possibility to determine the dynamics of rain force changes (at P = 0.33 and with acceptable accuracy) depending on the dynamics of changes in the total annual precipitation. For networks designed and laid 50 years ago, the actual rain force changes will be 9 %. As a result of climate change, water consumption in the calculation periods increased by about 26% with an increase in the total volume of discharged water by 9–10 %.
The Effect of Fastener Type (Clamex P14 and Tenso P14) and Adhesive Type on Compression and Tension Performance
Authors: KARAMAN Abdurrahman
Published: February 2021

In this study, the effects of different fasteners (Clamex P14 and Tenso P14) for medium density fiberboard (MDFLamM) surfaced with synthetic resin sheet wood-based materials as well as several adhesives (PVAc-D4) and PU-D4) on diagonal tension and compression forces, were analysed. In the study, melamine coated medium density fiberboard (MDF-Lam) was used as wood-based material, Clamex P14 and Tenso P14 were used as fasteners and polyvinylacetate (PVAc-D4) and polyurethane (PU-D4) glues were used as adhesive agents. The diagonal tension and compression force tests were applied on 120 pieces of test samples prepared in this respect based on the principles of ASTM D 1037. As a result, The diagonal compression and tensile forces values were found in the highest Clamex P14 fastener and polyvinylacetate adhesive bond (PVAc-D4), the lowest was in the joint with Tenso P14 fastener without any adhesive agent. For L type corner-joints, it is suggested to use Clamex P14 as a fastener and polyvinylacetate adhesive (PVAc-D4) as the type of the adhesive agent.
Personalmanagement im Mittelstand
Authors: Schanz Günther , Strack Silvia
Published: February 2021

Der Mittelstand ist das Rückgrat unserer Wirtschaft. Mehr als die Hälfte der Deutschen arbeiten dort – vom Azubi, über Facharbeiter bis hin zum Akademiker. Doch welche Wege können Mittelständler gehen, um im Wettbewerb um Mitarbeiter attraktiv zu sein? Günther Schanz und Silvia Strack gehen dieser Frage in ihrem Buch auf den Grund. Dabei berücksichtigen sie die gesamte Bandbreite des personalwirtschaftlichen Handelns und Gestaltens – von der Mitarbeiterplanung bis zur Mitarbeiterführung. Sie berücksichtigen auch explizit die Rahmenbedingungen des mittelständischen Personalmanagements. Ferner werden die Besonderheiten des Arbeitsmarkts, des gesellschaftlichen Wertewandels und arbeitsrechtliche Aspekte berücksichtigt. Das Buch richtet sich in erster Linie an Personalverantwortliche, GeschäftsführerInnen und UnternehmerInnen im Mittelstand.
The features of HIV and SARS-CoV-2-coinfection in a pandemic
Authors: Oleynik AF , Revathy CG , Fazylov VH
Published: February 2021

COVID-19 is known to undertake a severe course in several groups of patients. The review presents the latest data on the main features of COVID-19 course in HIV patients. People living with HIV, have not been found to be at a higher risk for acquiring COVID-19 and the disease runs a similar course compared to the general population in HIV patients on continuous antiretroviral therapy (ART) with a suppressed viral load and CD4+-T-lymphocytes count > 200 cells/μl. Fewer than expected HIV patients have been reported to be hospitalised, this leads to hypothesize that infection may be majorly asymptomatic in this group of patients owing to their weak immune response. The patient’s use of ART might also explain the comparatively milder disease course of COVID-19 seen in patients with HIV/SARS-CoV-2 coinfection. While ART use cannot be considered to be a protective factor against contracting the SARS-CoV-2, researchers assume that the therapy could stabilize the immune response in coinfected patients and thus prevent progression of the disease to the severe forms.
ASSET BASED COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT DALAM PROGRAM CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR)
Authors: Riyanti Chika , Raharjo Santoso Tri
Published: February 2021

ABSTRAKKini mulai disadari oleh perusahaan-perusahaan yang mengembangkan program Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) bahwa partisipasi masyarakat dalam proses program CSR adalah sangat penting. Tujuan kemandirian dan kesinambungan dari program CSR merupakan salah satu indikator penting keberhasilan. Perspektif kekuatan (strenght perspective) merupakan cara pandang bahwa sesungguhnya kelompok sasaran dan masyarakatnya memiliki berbagai sumber dan potensi (asset) yang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam program CSR. Sejak tahap perencanaan program hingga pelaksanaan program, perusahaan bersama dengan masyarakat, terlibat bersama dalam menentukan dan memetakan (mapping) berbagai potensi dan sumber yang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam kegiatan CSR. Pendekatan asset based community development (ABCD) merupakan salah satu penerapan dari perspektif kekuatan dengan sasaran atau subyek kegiatan adalah masyarakat. Melalui metode penelitian kualitatif yaitu studi kepustakaan, artikel ini mencoba untuk menggambarkan pendekatan asset based community development dalam program CSR yang dapat dilakukan oleh perusahaan.
MODEL TATA KELOLA BADAN USAHA MILIK DESA (BUMDes) DI DESA LUMBUNGSARI KECAMATAN LUMBUNG KABUPATEN CIAMIS
Authors: Engkus Engkus , Suparman Nanang , Sakti Fadjar Tri
Published: February 2021

Pemerintah Desa Lumbungsari membentuk Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) Harapan Jaya dalam rangka meningkatkan Pendapatan Asli Desa (PADes) serta melakukan pemberdayaan masyarakat. Tetapi dalam pelaksanaannya masih terdapat beberapa masalah seperti pengaruhnya belum begitu terasa oleh masyarakat studi dokumentasi. Teknik pemilihan informan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi program BUMDes di Desa desa secara keseluruhan, dan kurangnya modal.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui implementasi program Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) di Desa Lumbungsari Kecamatan Lumbung Kabupaten Ciamis.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif, dengan menerapkan teori A Model of the Policy Implementation oleh Donald van Metter dan Carl van Horn. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara serta Lumbungsari Kecamatan Lumbung Kabupaten Ciamis secara umum bisa dikatakan sudah cukup baik. Karena dari awal pembentukkan hingga saat ini, BUMDes Harapan Jaya sedikit demi sedikit mengalami perkembangan, salah satunya bisa dilihat dari adanya pembangunan sebuah gedung kios desa yang diperuntukkan bagi masyarakat yang ingin menyewa untuk membuka usaha. Namun, masih terdapat hambatan dalam pelaksanaannya, seperti kurangnya sosialisasi kepada masyarakat secara menyeluruh, dan luasnya wilayah Desa Lumbungsari yang terlalu besar tidak disertai dengan agen pelaksana yang memadai bahkan bisa dikatakan personelnya masih sedikit.Kata kunci: Model Tata Kelola , kebijakan, BUMDes.
PENERAPAN KEARIFAN LOKAL DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMANDIRIAN HIDUP DAN PENGETAHUAN MATEMATIKA DI MASYARAKAT ASLI PAPUA
Authors: Meirista Etriana , Prasetia Andri
Published: February 2021

Pendidikan sangatlah penting dalam kehidupan manusia. Seseorang yang mempunyai pendidikan bagus, tidak dapat dibodohi dengan mudah. Namun kondisi perekonomian dan paradigma masyarakat berbanding terbalik dengan kebutuhan pendidikan yang seharusnya terpenuhi. Beberapa orang tua di kampung Tambat kabupaten Merauke lebih memilih anaknya membantu mencari ikan atau membantu memangkur sagu daripada harus pergi ke sekolah dari pagi sampai siang. Hal ini berakibat, anak usia sekolah sering terlihat berada di luar sekolah pada saat jam sekolah sehingga ilmu yang seharusnya diperoleh tidak didapatkan dengan baik. Mayoritas kegiatan masyarakat sehari-hari adalah bertani dan berburu. Namun untuk beberapa jenis sayuran dan bumbu dapur, masyarakat lebih memilih untuk membeli karena tidak mengetahui prosedur dan cara penanamannya. Pengabdian ini dilakukan untuk meningkatkan dan mengembangkan pemahaman pengetahuan matematika anak usia sekolah berbasis kearifan lokal Papua di kampung Tambat dan masyarakat yang mengikuti pelatihan menanam sayur dan bumbu dapur di halaman dapat menerapkannya dan merawat di halaman rumah masing-masing untuk meningkatkan kemandirian hidup masyarakat. Meskipun kegiatan ini dilaksanakan pada masa pandemi covid-19, namun antusias masyarakat sangat baik dalam menerima tim untuk melaksanakan kegiatan pengabdian ini yang dilakukan sesuai dengan protokol kesehatan yang telah ditetapkan pemerintah
PENGARUH MEDIA SOSIAL DALAM MEMBANGUN OPINI PUBLIK
Authors: Qadri Muhammad
Published: February 2021

This paper discusses how the influence of social media in building public opinion. The use of social media has a positive impact in the process of social, political and economic interactions. The use of social media also makes it easy to access various information needed, makes it easy to communicate rarely far away and social media can also be a tool to make new friends. Of the various positive impacts of social media, it turns out that it also has a negative impact if users cannot properly filter news or information that contains divisions, hoaxes or fake news, sara issues, religion and others that are carried out by people who are not responsible, then it can cause chaos which will certainly split the unity.
DAMPAK INTERVENSI AKTOR-AKTOR EKSTERNAL DALAM MEMPENGARUHI DURASI PERANG SIPIL DI SURIAH
Authors: Nur Kamrullah Muhammad Rizky , Rivai Aspin Nur Arifin
Published: February 2021

This research aims to further explore the civil war that is taking place in Syria. This paper questions fundamentally, why did the civil war in Syria become a prolonged armed conflict? Or are there other factors that strengthen the strength of their resistance? This research offers a novelty of research on the situation of this conflict, is that the prolonged civil war in Syria is not only caused by internal conditions, but also the involvement of external actors. As with the approach of David E. Cunningham (2010) that the involvement of external actors in civil war produces two possibilities, namely; become a negotiating facilitator and help one party win. This research reveals that the involvement of external actors interventions - regional, international and transnational – actually prolongs the conflict. This is because the involvement of external actors causes the addition of combatants in the conflict, so the preference in the conflict increases.  Keywords: Civil War, Assad Regime, Regional Actor, International Actor, and Transnational Actor.
Influence of cross diffusions on natural convection flow through annulus region with Navier slip and convective boundaries
Authors: Kaladhar Kolla , Komuraiah Eerala , Reddy Kothakapu Madhusudhan
Published: February 2021

In this manuscript we present the influence of cross diffusions on incompressible natural convection laminar flow between concentric cylinders with slip and convective boundaries. In addition, the first order chemical reaction is also considered. The governing equations with boundary conditions are transformed to a non - dimensional form with suitable transformations. Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM) is used to solve the system of equations. The influence of the various parameters like Slip, Dufour, Soret, chemical reaction parameters and the Biot number on velocity, temperature and concentration are investigated and presented through plots. It is found from this study that the influence of slip parameter and Biot number, the velocity and temperature profiles increase, while there is a reverse tendency under the effect of chemical reaction parameter.
Finite difference method for a nonlinear fractional Schrödinger equation with Neumann condition
Authors: Hicdurmaz Betul
Published: February 2021

In this paper, a special case of nonlinear fractional Schrödinger equation with Neumann boundary condition is considered. Finite difference method is implemented to solve the nonlinear fractional Schrödinger problem with Neumann boundary condition. Previous theoretical results for the abstract form of the nonlinear fractional Schrödinger equation are revisited to derive new applications of these theorems on the nonlinear fractional Schrödinger problems with Neumann boundary condition. Consequently, first and second order of accuracy difference schemes are constructed for the nonlinear fractional Schrödinger problem with Neumann boundary condition. Stability analysis show that the constructed difference schemes are stable. Stability theorems for the stability of the nonlinear fractional Schrödinger problem with Neumann boundary condition are presented. Additionally, applications of the new theoretical results are presented on a one dimensional nonlinear fractional Schrödinger problem and a multidimensional nonlinear fractional Schrödinger problem with Neumann boundary conditions. Numerical results are presented on one and multidimensional nonlinear fractional Schrödinger problems with Neumann boundary conditions and different orders of derivatives in fractional derivative term. Numerical results support the validity and applicability of the theoretical results. Numerical results present the convergence rates are appropriate with the theoretical findings and construction of the difference schemes for the nonlinear fractional Schrödinger problem with Neumann boundary condition.
Organizational and economic mechanism of risk management in urban underground construction
Authors: Kulikova E. Yu.
Published: February 2021

The quantitative measure of danger during any activity is risk. It is a component of technological and environmental safety, a vector value that includes: the amount of damage from the impact of a dangerous factor, the probability of occurrence of this factor and the uncertainty of these values. Analysis of world experience has shown that a large number of economic mechanisms can be used to solve the problem of risk reduction in urban underground construction, which differ from each other only in some modifications. To increase the technogenic and environmental safety, first of all, a general goal should be highlighted, such as optimizing the technology for ensure it compatibility with the environment, safety of personnel of underground facilities, maintaining the balance of the natural and technical geosystem «rock mass - technology - underground construction - environment», reducing the mathematical expectation of damage, etc . In addition to the general or main goal safety control, there are special goals of a directing and point (focused on achieving a specific result) nature. Together with the main goal, they are combined into a goal tree that has hierarchical levels. An important stage in risk control in urban underground construction is the development of alternative options for environmental and technological solutions. The task is to select the most appropriate option under the given conditions with regard of the dynamics of the environmental imbalance and potential limitations. While considering various scenarios of construction of the underground facility, each of which investigates the efficiency of organizational-economic mechanism of its implementation.
Best Available Techniques in mining industry: topical issues and solution methods
Authors: Zakondyrin A. E.
Published: February 2021

Extraction of mineral resources is one of the most profitable economic activities of the country, commanding a large part in Russian GDP. Nevertheless, precisely extractive industry is simultaneously leading in the level of Negative Environmental Impact. Adoption and application of BAT in mining sector companies requires essential changes in ecological policy of the Russian Federation. Although they were already started since 2014, there are still many unsolved problems in this area. It is emphasized within the article frame work, that one of the most topical issues is a long-standing need to develop more efficient methods and mechanisms of state support for technological and ecological changes. The ways of difficulties overcoming were considered, recommendations on enhancement of existing regulatory framework and standardisation documents in the area of research were made.
Science-based solutions on the development of instructions for an emergency response plan for open-pit mines
Authors: Kobylkin S. S. , Kobylkin A. S. , Balovtsev S. V. , Kharisov A. R.
Published: February 2021

At present, in the Russian Federation there are no legislatively approved recommendations on the procedure, structure and requirements for the design of an emergency response plan for coal open-pit mines. Therefore, the development of this document at the mining enterprises is carried out independently, coordinating it with emergency response services serving the hazardous production facility. The absence of regulatory documents forces the enterprise management to make decisions on the structure of the document, forms and its content. This can lead to errors in conducting mine rescue operations when attracting additional forces and means from other units of rescue units. The relevance of creating a single document for everyone to draw up a plan for the elimination of accidents at sections has been repeatedly noted at production meetings with the participation of scientists, specialists from surveillance services and representatives of rescue units. In order to increase the emergency preparedness of enterprises, on the basis of studies of the current regulatory documentation of Rostechnadzor, the EMERCOM of the Russian Federation, Mines Rescue Service and scientific literature, an algorithm was developed for compiling submarines for coal open-pit mines. The analysis of accidents at the coal open-pit mines of the country made it possible to create a list of types of accidents encountered. Based on this, instructions have been developed for the actions of all workers in the mine for the initial period in the event of an accident. Taking into account the existing standard forms for coal mines, the developed document forms for open pits were developed, this will make it possible to unify emergency rescue operations regarding the preparation of documents. Scientifically sound solutions can be used to develop a plan for the elimination of accidents in the future at all mining enterprises engaged in open mining. The results of the work expand knowledge in the field of safety of coal open pit mining.
Performance Analysis Of Solar Water Heating System With Plate Collector Integrated Pcm Storage
Authors: Syahruddin Andi Syahrinaldy , Jalaluddin Jalaluddin , Hayat Azwar
Published: February 2021

Availability of solar energy as a renewable energy source is very abundant and inexhaustible. Solar water heater is an equipment that utilizes solar energy as a source of energy. The thermal performance of a solar water heater system using absorber plate with phase change material (PCM) as thermal energy storage is presented in this study. Two design of solar water heater collectors with absorber plate variations, i.e. an absorber plate with PCM storage and absorber plate without PCM storage were investigated experimentally and numerically simulation. First, the material properties of paraffin wax as PCM storage was analized analyticaly. Every shape model of solar water heater systems were imported and simulated at three variations of constant solar radiation, i.e. 400  W/m2, 700 W/m2, and 1000 W/m2. The simulation using a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) fluent software. The results showed that the average collector efficiency between absorber plate with and without PCM storage is 70.98 % using experimental study and 67.73 % using numerical simulation study.
Apuntes para la gestión del turismo en España tras la crisis sanitaria de la Covid-19
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España), Arold Lario Patricia
Published: February 2021

The impact caused in the tourism sector by the public health crisis linked to coronavirus COVID‑19 and the need to protect the population from subsequent infection marks a necessary change in the model of tourism in coastal areas in Spain where mass tourism was the norm. Relevant reforms must be made to soften the economic effects of the drop in foreign tourism. In the case of cultural tourism in urban areas and inland, there is an en excellent opportunity to make structural changes in management that pre‑Covid was already experiencing serious problems. In this document we attempt to highlight the elements that may be key to future reform.
Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 no desencadeamento da Doença de Alzheimer
Authors: Da Silveira Alexsander Augusto , Nunes Aline da Silva , Sevilha Iânica Neves Correia , Nunes Ruth Thalita da Silva , Souza Álvaro Paulo Silva , Khouri Adibe Georges , De Morais Mariana Cristina , Oliveira Lucas Nojosa , Da Costa Adeliane Castro
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Descrever a relação da resistência periférica dos receptores para a insulina como promotora e prognóstico no desenvolvimento da Doença de Alzheimer (DA), assim como as novas tendências medicamentosas profiláticas as quais interrompem a progressão da DA. Revisão Bibliográfica: A insulina desempenha importantes funções como fator de crescimento e regulando o metabolismo da glicose, ácidos graxos e proteínas. Fatores como obesidade, inatividade física e dieta contendo alto teor de gordura e açúcar estão fortemente associados à resistência à insulina e ao diabetes mellitus do tipo 2. No cérebro, a insulina atua no crescimento e diferenciação dos neurônios, participa das funções cognitivas superiores, na formação de memória de longo prazo e tem efeito neuroprotetor. Considerações Finais: A hiperglicemia, peptídeos sinalizadores pró inflamatórios, o estresse oxidativo e a sinalização interrompida da insulina cerebral estão associados com a promoção ao desenvolvimento e a progressão da DA. A insulina pode ser efetivamente entregue diretamente ao cérebro por meio da via intranasal que permite ao hormônio ultrapassar a barreira hematoencefálica e modular as funções nervosas centrais.
The Molecular Basis of Sulfosugar Selectivity in Sulfoglycolysis
Authors: Sharma Mahima , Abayakoon Palika , Epa Ruwan , Jin Yi , Lingford James P. , Shimada Tomohiro , Nakano Masahiro , Mui Janice , Ishihama Akira , Goddard-Borger Ethan D. , Davies Gideon J. , Williams Spencer
Published: February 2021

The sulfosugar sulfoquinovose (SQ) is produced by essentially all photosynthetic organisms on earth and is metabolized by bacteria through the process of sulfoglycolysis. The sulfoglycolytic Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway metabolises SQ to produce dihydroxyacetone phosphate and sulfolactaldehyde and is analogous to the classical Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas glycolysis pathway for the metabolism of glucose-6-phosphate, though the former only provides one C3 fragment to central metabolism, with excretion of the other C3 fragment as dihydroxypropanesulfonate. Here, we report a comprehensive structural and biochemical analysis of the three core steps of sulfoglycolysis catalyzed by SQ isomerase, sulfofructose (SF) kinase and sulfofructose-1-phosphate (SFP) aldolase. Our data shows that despite the superficial similarity of this pathway to glycolysis, the sulfoglycolytic enzymes are specific for SQ metabolites and are not catalytically active on related metabolites from glycolytic pathways. This observation is rationalized by 3D structures of each enzyme, which reveal the presence of conserved sulfonate-binding pockets. We show that SQ isomerase acts preferentially on the β-anomer of SQ and reversibly produces both SF and sulforhamnose (SR), a previously unknown sugar that acts as a transcriptional regulator for the transcriptional repressor CsqR that regulates SQ-utilization. We also demonstrate that SF kinase is a key regulatory enzyme for the pathway that experiences complex modulation by the metabolites AMP, ADP, ATP, F6P, FBP, PEP, and citrate, and we show that SFP aldolase reversibly synthesizes SFP. This body of work provides fresh insights into the mechanism, specificity and regulation of sulfoglycolysis and has important implications for understanding how this biochemistry interfaces with central metabolism in prokaryotes to process this major repository of biogeochemical sulfur.
A Dynamic Substrate is Required for MhuD-catalyzed Degradation of Heme to Mycobilin
Authors: Thakuri Biswash , O'Rourke Bruce , Graves Amanda , Liptak Matthew
Published: February 2021

The non-canoncial heme oxygenase MhuD from Mycobacterium tuberculosis binds a heme substrate that adopts a dynamic equilibrium between planar and out-of-plane ruffled conformations. MhuD degrades this substrate to an unusual mycobilin product via successive monooxygenation and dioxygenation reactions. This article establishes a causal relationship between heme substrate dynamics and MhuD-catalyzed heme degradation resulting in a refined enzymatic mechanism. UV/Vis absorption (Abs) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) data demonstrated that a second-sphere substitution favoring population of the ruffled heme conformation changed the rate-limiting step of the reaction resulting in a measurable build-up of the monooxygenated meso-hydroxyheme intermediate. In addition, UV/Vis Abs and ESI-MS data for a second-sphere variant that favored the planar substrate conformation showed that this change altered the enzymatic mechanism resulting in an alpha-biliverdin product. Single-turnover kinetic analyses for three MhuD variants revealed that the rate of heme monooxygenation depends upon the population of the ruffled substrate conformation. These kinetic analyses also revealed that the rate of meso-hydroxyheme dioxygenation by MhuD depends upon the population of the planar substrate conformation. Thus, the ruffled haem conformation supports rapid heme monooxygenation by MhuD, but further oxygenation to the mycobilin product is inhibited. In contrast, the planar substrate conformation exhibits altered heme monooxygenation regiospecificity followed by rapid oxygenation of meso-hydroxyheme. Altogether, these data yielded a refined enzymatic mechanism for MhuD where access to both substrate conformations is needed for rapid incorporation of three oxygen atoms into heme yielding mycobilin.
Late-Stage Carbon Isotope Exchange of Aryl Nitriles through Ni-Catalyzed C–CN Bond Activation
Authors: Reilly Sean , Lam Yu-hong , Ren Sumei , Strotman Neil
Published: February 2021

A facile one-pot strategy for 13CN and 14CN exchange with aryl, heteroaryl, and vinyl nitriles using a Ni phosphine catalyst and BPh3 is described. This late-stage carbon isotope exchange (CIE) strategy employs labeled Zn(CN)2 to facilitate enrichment using the non-labeled parent compound as the starting material, eliminating de novo synthesis for precursor development. A broad substrate scope encompassing multiple pharmaceuticals is disclosed, including the preparation of [14C]belzutifan to illustrate the exceptional functional group tolerance and utility of this labeling approach. Preliminary experimental and computational studies suggest the Lewis acid BPh3 is not critical for the oxidative addition step and instead plays a role in facilitating CN exchange on Ni. This CIE method dramatically reduces the synthetic steps and radioactive waste involved in preparation of 14C labeled tracers for clinical development.
pH Dependent Mechanisms of Hydrolysis of 4-Nitrophenyl β-D-Glucoside
Authors: Alhifthi Amani , Williams Spencer
Published: February 2021

1,2-trans-Glycosides hydrolyze through a range of mechanisms under conditions of different pH, but systematic studies are lacking. Here we report the pH-rate constant profile for the hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl β-D-glucoside. An inverse kinetic isotope effect (k(H3O+)/k(D3O+) = 0.63) in the acidic region indicates that the mechanism requires the formation of the conjugate acid of the substrate for the reaction to proceed, with heterolytic cleavage of the glycosidic C-O bond. Reactions in the pH-independent region extrapolated to zero buffer concentration show a small inverse solvent isotope effect k(H2O)/k(D2O) = 1.1 and a positive entropy of activation (DS‡ = 3.07 cal mol–1 K–1), which is consistent with water attack through a dissociative mechanism. In the basic region, solvolysis in 18O-labelled water and H2O/MeOH mixtures allowed detection of bimolecular hydrolysis and neighboring group participation, and to a minor degree, nucleophilic aromatic substitution. Under mildly basic conditions, a bimolecular dissociative mechanism is implicated through a solvent isotope effect of k(HO-)/k(DO-) = 0.5 and a strongly negative entropy of activation (DS‡ = –13.6 cal mol–1 K–1). Finally, at high pH, an inverse solvent isotope effect of k(HO-)/k(DO-) = 0.6 and a weakly negative entropy of activation (DS‡ = –5.5 cal mol–1 K–1) indicates that the formation of 1,2-anhydrosugar is the rate determining step.
Electron Inventory of the Iron-Sulfur Scaffold Complex HypCD Essential in [NiFe]-Hydrogenase Cofactor Assembly
Authors: Stripp Sven T. , Oltmanns Jonathan , Müller Christina S. , Ehrenberg David , Schlesinger Ramona , Heberle Joachim , Adrian Lorenz , Schünemann Volker , Pierik Antonio J. , Soboh Basem
Published: February 2021

The [4Fe-4S] cluster containing scaffold complex HypCD is the central construction site for the assembly of the [Fe](CN)2CO cofactor precursor of [NiFe]-hydrogenase. While the importance of the HypCD complex is well established, not much is known about the mechanism by which the CN– and CO ligands are transferred and attached to the iron ion. We developed an efficient protocol for the production and isolation of the functional HypCD complex that facilitated detailed spectroscopic investigations. The results obtained by UV/Vis-, electron paramagnetic Resonance (EPR)-, Resonance Raman-, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and Mössbauer spectroscopy provide comprehensive evidence for an electron inventory fit to drive multi-electron redox reactions. We demonstrate the redox activity of the HypCD complex reporting the interconversion of the [4Fe-4S]2+/+ couple. Additionally, we observed a reversible redox conversion between the [4Fe-4S]2+ and a [3Fe-4S]+ cluster. MicroScale thermophoresis indicated preferable binding between the HypCD complex and its interaction partner HypEF under reducing conditions. Together, these results suggest a redox cascade involving the [4Fe-4S] cluster and a conserved disulﬁde bond of HypD that may facilitate the synthesis of the [Fe](CN)2CO cofactor precursor on the HypCD scaffold complex.
Machine Learning Classification of Disrotatory IRC and Conrotatory Non-IRC Trajectory Motion for Cyclopropyl Radical Ring Opening
Authors: Maley Steven , Melville Jesse , Yu Spencer , Hargis Cal , Hamilton Reid , Grant Benjamin , Teynor Matthew , Ess Daniel
Published: February 2021

Transition-state features from trajectories were used for supervised machine learning analysis of the cyclopropyl radical ring opening reaction. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of features controlling disrotatory IRC versus conrotatory non-IRC motion and revealed that there are two key vibrational modes where their directional combination provides prediction of pathway motion.
Development of an Acrylamide-Based Inhibitor of Protein S-Acylation
Authors: Azizi Saara-Anne , Lan Tong , Delalande Clémence , Kathayat Rahul , Dickinson Bryan
Published: February 2021

Protein S-acylation is a dynamic lipid post-translational modification that can modulate the localization and activity of target proteins. In humans, the installation of the lipid onto target proteins is catalyzed by a family of 23 Asp-His-His-Cys domain-containing protein acyltransferases (DHHC-PATs). DHHCs are increasingly recognized as critical players in cellular signaling events and in human disease. However, progress elucidating the functions and mechanisms of DHHC “writers” has been hampered by a lack of chemical tools to perturb their activity in live cells. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of PATi, a pan- DHHC inhibitor more potent than 2-bromopalmitate (2BP), the most commonly used DHHC inhibitor in the field. Possessing an acrylamide warhead, PATi pairs its gain in potency with decreases in both toxicity and inhibition of the S-acylation eraser enzymes – two of the major weaknesses of 2BP. Our studies show that PATi engages with DHHC family proteins in cells, inhibits protein S-acylation, and disrupts DHHC-regulated cellular events. PATi represents an improved chemical tool for untangling the complexities of DHHC-mediated cell signaling by protein S-acylation.
TrkB signaling regulates the cold-shock protein RBM3-mediated neuroprotection
Authors: Peretti Diego , Smith Heather L , Verity Nicholas , Humoud Ibrahim , de Weerd Lis , Swinden Dean P , Hayes Joseph , Mallucci Giovanna R
Published: February 2021

Increasing levels of the cold-shock protein, RNA-binding motif 3 (RBM3), either through cooling or by ectopic over-expression, prevents synapse and neuronal loss in mouse models of neurodegeneration. To exploit this process therapeutically requires an understanding of mechanisms controlling cold-induced RBM3 expression. Here, we show that cooling increases RBM3 through activation of TrkB via PLCγ1 and pCREB signaling. RBM3, in turn, has a hitherto unrecognized negative feedback on TrkB-induced ERK activation through induction of its specific phosphatase, DUSP6. Thus, RBM3 mediates structural plasticity through a distinct, non-canonical activation of TrkB signaling, which is abolished in RBM3-null neurons. Both genetic reduction and pharmacological antagonism of TrkB and its downstream mediators abrogate cooling-induced RBM3 induction and prevent structural plasticity, whereas TrkB inhibition similarly prevents RBM3 induction and the neuroprotective effects of cooling in prion-diseased mice. Conversely, TrkB agonism induces RBM3 without cooling, preventing synapse loss and neurodegeneration. TrkB signaling is, therefore, necessary for the induction of RBM3 and related neuroprotective effects and provides a target by which RBM3-mediated synapse-regenerative therapies in neurodegenerative disorders can be used therapeutically without the need for inducing hypothermia.
Variations in Seismogenic Thickness Along the Central Alpine Fault, New Zealand, Revealed by a Decade's Relocated Microseismicity
Authors: Michailos K , Smith EGC , Chamberlain Calum , Savage Martha , Townend John
Published: February 2021

©2018. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. The Alpine Fault is an oblique strike-slip fault that is known to fail in large magnitude (M7–8) earthquakes, yet it is currently seismically quiescent. We examine the low-magnitude earthquake activity occurring along the central portion of the Alpine Fault using seismic data from five temporary seismic networks deployed for various lengths of time between late 2008 and early 2017. Starting from continuous seismic data, we detect earthquake arrivals and construct the longest and most extensive microearthquake catalog for the central Alpine Fault region to date, containing 9,111 earthquakes. This enables us to study the distribution and characteristics of the seismicity in unprecedented detail. Earthquake locations are constrained by high-quality automatic and manual picks, and we perform relocations using waveform cross-correlation to better constrain hypocenters. We have derived a new local magnitude scale calibrated by M w values. Magnitudes range between M L −1.2 and 4.6, and our catalog is complete above M L 1.1. Earthquakes mainly occur southeast of the Alpine Fault (in the hanging wall) and exhibit low magnitudes. We observe a lack of seismicity beneath Aoraki/Mount Cook, which we associate with high uplift rates and high heat flow. Seismogenic cutoff depths vary along the strike of the Alpine Fault from 8 km, beneath the highest topography, to 20 km in the adjacent areas.