bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A case of right atrial thrombus in the Chiari network after blunt cardiac rupture
Authors: Oishi Takahiro , Tamagaki Keisuke , Maruyama Shuhei , Kanayama Shuji , Wada Daiki , Yoshihara Tomoyuki , Saito Fukuki , Yoshiya Kazuhisa , Nakamori Yasushi , Kuwagata Yasuyuki
Published: September 2024

Background

The Chiari network mostly causes no symptoms but may occasionally be involved in thrombus formation in the right atrium. We present a case of right atrial thrombus discovered in the postoperative course of blunt cardiac rupture.

Case Presentation

A 19‐year‐old female injured in a motor vehicle accident was transported to the hospital in a state of shock. Echocardiography revealed pericardial effusion. Cardiopulmonary arrest was imminent, so a clamshell thoracotomy was performed. A laceration at the right atrial junction of the superior vena cava was observed and sutured. Echocardiography on post‐injury day 6 showed a floating thrombus in the right atrium. Anticoagulation therapy was started, the thrombus was reduced, and the patient was discharged on day 27 without sequelae. Six months later, echocardiography showed a filamentous structure and the presence of the Chiari network.

Conclusion

Right intra‐atrial thrombi are rare and may warrant a search of the Chiari network in conditions where hypercoagulation is anticipated.
Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Aryl Ketones by a Cobalt‐Catalyzed Semipinacol Rearrangement
Authors: Kalomenopoulos Panagiotis G. , Emayavaramban Balakumar , Johnston Craig P.
Published: September 2024

A highly enantioselective cobalt‐catalyzed semipinacol rearrangement of symmetric α,α‐diarylallylic alcohols is disclosed. A chiral cobalt‐salen catalyst generates a highly electrophilic carbocation surrogate following hydrogen atom transfer and radical–polar crossover steps. This methodology provides access to enantioenriched α‐aryl ketones through invertive displacement of a cobalt(IV) complex during 1,2‐aryl migration. A combination of readily available reagents, silane and N‐fluoropyridinium oxidant, are used to confer this type of reactivity. An exploration into the effect of aryl substitution revealed the reaction tolerates para‐ and meta‐halogenated, mildly electron‐rich and electron‐poor aromatic rings with excellent enantioselectivities and yields. The yield of the rearrangement diminished with highly electron‐rich aryl rings whereas very electron‐deficient and ortho‐substituted arenes led to poor enantiocontrol. A Hammett analysis demonstrated the migratory preference for electron‐rich aromatic rings, which is consistent with the intermediacy of a phenonium cation.
Molecular Photoswitching Unlocks Glucose Oxidase for Synergistically Reinforcing Fenton Reactions for Antitumor Chemodynamic Therapy
Authors: Wang Zicheng , Bao Weier , Wujieti Baerlike , Liu Ming , Li Xiaojuan , Ma Zhecheng , Cui Wei , Tian Zhiyuan
Published: September 2024

We have developed a new type of nanoparticles with potent antitumor activity photoactivatable via the combination of molecular photoswitching of spiropyran (SP) and enzymatic reaction of glucose oxidase (GOx). As two key processes involved therein, Fe(III)‐to‐Fe(II) photoreduction in Fe(III) metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) brings about the release of free Fe2+/Fe3+ while the photoswitching of SP to merocyanine (MC) unlocks the enzymatic activity of GOx that was pre‐passivated by SP. The release of free Fe3+ boosts its hydrolysis and therefore enables the acidification of microenvironment, which is further reinforced by one of the products of the GOx‐mediated glucose oxidation reaction, gluconic acid (GlcA). Based on the generation of Fe2+ and acidic milieu together with another product of the oxidation reaction, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), these two processes jointly present triple enabling factors for generating lethal hydroxyl radicals (⋅OH) species via Fenton reactions and therefore oxidative stress capable of inhibiting tumor. The antitumor potency of such nanoparticle is verified in tumor‐bearing model mice in vivo, proclaiming its potential as a potent and safe agent based on the unique mechanism of optically manipulating enzyme activity for synergistic antitumor therapeutics with high spatial precision, enhanced efficacy and minimized side effects.
Na3.5(MnVFeTi)0.5(PO4)3: A Multi‐Transition‐Metal‐Ion‐Engineered NASICON‐Type Cathodes for Sodium Ion Batteries
Authors: Soundharrajan Vaiyapuri , Alfaza Ghalib , Arifiadi Anindityo , Feleke Demelash , Nithiananth Subramanian , Piao JunJi , Zeng Zhiyuan , Pham Duong Tung , Kim Chunjoong , Kim Jaekook
Published: September 2024

Electrochemically active Na‐superionic conductor (NASICON)‐type cathodes have the structural flexibility to include various transition elements, thus enabling high power outputs benefited by multi‐electron redox reactions. This study amalgamated multiple transition metal ions to construct a new NASICON‐type cathode i. e., carbon coated Na3.5(MnVFeTi)0.5(PO4)3 (NMVFTP/C) for Na‐ion batteries (NIBs). The NMVFTP/C cathode engineered in this study demonstrated stable Na+‐storage capacity, including long‐term cycling stability up to 4000 cycles at 3000 mA g−1 with 96 % capacity retention and a high‐rate output capacity of 85.16 mAh g−1 at 2500 mA g−1. To elucidate the ion transport process within the cathode, density functional theory modeling was employed. The low energy barrier for the diffusion of Na+ in the NMVFTP/C materials was proved to be a key factor supporting our material's superior electrochemical performances.
A Network‐Constrain Weibull AFT Model for Biomarkers Discovery
Authors: Angelini Claudia , De Canditiis Daniela , De Feis Italia , Iuliano Antonella
Published: September 2024

We propose AFTNet, a novel network‐constraint survival analysis method based on the Weibull accelerated failure time (AFT) model solved by a penalized likelihood approach for variable selection and estimation. When using the log‐linear representation, the inference problem becomes a structured sparse regression problem for which we explicitly incorporate the correlation patterns among predictors using a double penalty that promotes both sparsity and grouping effect. Moreover, we establish the theoretical consistency for the AFTNet estimator and present an efficient iterative computational algorithm based on the proximal gradient descent method. Finally, we evaluate AFTNet performance both on synthetic and real data examples.
Stakeholders' Perspectives on Current Issues in Data Monitoring Committees
Authors: Cartwright Michael J. , Friede Tim , Lawrence David , May Emma , Mütze Tobias , Roes Kit
Published: September 2024

Data Monitoring Committees (DMCs) are groups of experts that review accumulating data from one or more ongoing clinical studies and advise the Sponsor regarding the continuing safety of study subjects along with the continuing validity and scientific merit of the study. Although DMCs are widely used, considerable variability exists in their conduct. This paper offers recommendations, derived from sessions given at the 2023 Central European Network International Biometric and Statisticians in the Pharmaceutical Industry Conferences' and the authors' experiences. We focus on four topics that are part of the DMC process and where there is unclarity and inconsistency in current practices: (1) Communication with the DMC—We reflect on the importance of effective, proper communication channels between the DMC and relevant stakeholders to foster collaboration and exchange of critical information while retaining study integrity throughout. (2) Open sessions—We discuss the benefits of incorporating open sessions in DMC meetings to enhance transparency, inclusivity, and the consideration of diverse perspectives, as well as pitfalls of open sessions. (3) Access to efficacy data—We highlight the need for appropriate access to efficacy data by DMCs and discuss how to implement this in practice and how to address potential concerns regarding multiplicity. (4) Interactive data displays—We outline the utilization of interactive data displays to facilitate a more intuitive understanding of study results by the DMC. By addressing these topics, we aim to provide comprehensive practical recommendations that bridge the gap between current practices and optimal DMC functionality.
3D segmentation and quantitative analysis of age‐related changes in the Hoffa fat pad using MRI
Authors: Benady Amit , Sofer Summer , Gilad Roi' , Tzoran Liat , Efrima Ben , Dadia Solomon , Vidra Matias , Rath Ehud , Amar Eyal
Published: September 2024

The infrapatellar fat pad (IFP), also known as the Hoffa fat pad, is an essential structure in the knee joint with diverse functions and characteristics. Pathological changes in it can lead to anterior knee pain and impingement. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between age and Hoffa fat pad volume. A retrospective analysis was conducted on MRI scans of 100 individuals aged 10–80 years with no Hoffa fat pad pathology. The IFP was meticulously segmented on each sagittal and coronal MRI plane and its volume was calculated on the basis of the segmented boundaries. Correlation analysis was used to explore the relationships among age, sex, height, weight, and patella‐related variables. Contrary to the hypothesis, there was no significant correlation between age and Hoffa fat pad volume. However, there were strong positive correlations between Hoffa fat pad volume and individuals' height, patellar height, and patellar ligament length. Multivariable linear regression analysis revealed that height, weight, patellar height, and patellar ligament length collectively explained 67% of Hoffa fat pad volume variability. These findings suggest that the Hoffa fat pad adapts to accommodate morphological changes in the knee joint as individuals grow taller. In conclusion, our study examined Hoffa fat pad volume in individuals across the age spectrum, using advanced imaging techniques to reveal the importance of considering height and knee‐related variables for assessing Hoffa fat pad volume. This elucidates age‐related volume changes and highlights the need for further research to understand its functional implications and interactions within the knee joint, with the aim of improving orthopedic interventions.
Cohesive model of supervision: An empirically based approach
Authors: Kemer Gülşah
Published: September 2024

Supervision models are fundamental to our supervision practices and criticized for lacking empirical support. As a data‐driven approach based on research with expert supervisors, Cohesive Model of Supervision unifies existing models’ central premises in a meaningful manner and emphasizes the understated areas of supervision practice.
Doctoral‐level counselor educators and program experiences across Carnegie Classifications
Authors: Hatchett Gregory T.
Published: September 2024

Based on online survey data provided by 163 counselor educators associated with counselor education and supervision programs, this study examined the extent to which Carnegie Classifications were associated with counselor educators’ occupational experiences and their perceptions of doctoral‐level training. Implications for doctoral training in counselor education and supervision are discussed.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Aryl Ketones Involving Free Phenolic Hydroxyl Group(s)
Authors: Chang Kedi , Chou Ruilong , Yu Pinke , Zuo Linhong , Liu Qixing , Zhang Xumu , Yin Congcong , Zhou Haifeng
Published: September 2024

A straightforward asymmetric transfer hydrogenation for accessing enantiomerically enriched secondary benzyl alcohols involving free phenolic hydroxyl group(s) under mild conditions was developed. Various of optical pure aryl alcohols with a remarkable functional group compatibility were achieved with 78 %–97 % yields, 84 %–>99 % ee's and up to 10 000 TON. This rhodium‐catalyzed reaction could be performed in a gram‐scale without loss of the efficiency. Furthermore, the synthetic utility has also been demonstrated in the asymmetric synthesis of (S)‐adrenaline and (S)‐phenylephrine.
Pearl millet phenology assessment: An integration of field, a review, and in silico approach
Authors: Carcedo Ana , Maddonni Gustavo , Ramalingam Ajay Prasanth , Parray Sabreena A. , Tugoo Midhat Z. , Pereira Thatiane Alves , Perumal Ramasamy , Prasad P. V. Vara , Ciampitti Ignacio
Published: September 2024

Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.] is an essential subsistence cereal for food security in dryland farming systems of the semiarid tropics (e.g., in sub‐Saharan Africa) and has improved tolerance to drought, heat, and salinity stress compared to other domesticated cereals. Assessing the variation on phenology is critical toward devising effective adaptative management strategies for crop adaptation to current and future climate change. In this context, pearl millet presents a vast genetic diversity, exhibiting sensitivity to temperature and photoperiod. Hence, this study aims to describe the genotypic variability in the phenological responses of pearl millet to temperature and photoperiod, particularly affecting leaf number with implications on the overall total time to flowering. The dataset encompassed 21 publications from seven countries, with experiments conducted from 1965 to 2023, including three field studies from the United States. Broad variability has been reported for phyllochron values ranging from 45 to 111°Cd leaf−1, with a mean value of 67°Cd leaf−1. Thermal time to panicle initiation ranged from 340 to 594°C, but no response to photoperiod duration was found due to the nature of dataset. Maximum number of leaves per shoot ranged from 11 to 25, showing response (1.55–2.15 leaf h−1) to photoperiod due to variations in thermal time to flowering (from 875 to 1346°Cd). Thermal time to flowering increased ca. 323°Cd h−1 under day durations longer than 13.3 h, below which basic vegetative phase duration was close to 1033°Cd. Based on the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator simulations, different combinations of the above responses (in silico cultivars) generated a great range of times to flowering (44–120 days) for locations in Senegal, Brazil, India, and United States. The findings of this study can help breeders to explore the phenological genetic variability of pearl millet and provide inputs for crop growth models to evaluate future in silico scenarios.
The Research Advancement of High‐Temperature Dense Membrane Materials for Hydrogen Separation
Authors: Zhu Jianqiu , Huang Xurui , Lei Jinyong , Du Peng , Zhang Yuxuan , Hu Zhiwei , Zhao Xiangyong , Wang Jian‐Qiang , Zhang Linjuan
Published: September 2024

Hydrogen separation and purification technologies are crucial for hydrogen energy development. Dense membranes with efficient proton–electron conduction are notable for their effective hydrogen separation and purification from gas mixtures produced by large‐scale steam reforming. However, the limited understanding of the functions of various materials in hydrogen separation membranes has hindered their development. In this article, the physical and chemical properties of various materials are introduced, the impact of each on single–phase hydrogen separation membranes is analyzed, and the synergistic effects of multiple materials in two‐phase membranes are discussed. Herein, the mechanisms of hydrogen separation are elucidated and the proton and electron transfer within these membranes is described. Additionally, hydrogen transport in ceramic membranes is analyzed and the methods to prevent hydrogen leakage during separation are discussed. Finally, suggestions for the development of hydrogen separation membranes are proposed. In this review, it is aimed to summarize existing knowledge and promote innovation in this field.
Innovative method of environmental safety research of starch‐based films with silver nanoparticles
Authors: Dobrucka Renata , Urbaniak Mikołaj , Kozak Wojciech , Szymański Marcin
Published: September 2024

In this work, films based on three different starches have been developed and modified by adding silver nanoparticles. We examined the films in terms of their mechanical properties, barrier properties and environmental toxicity to plants and invertebrates. For the toxicity studies, we used the following seeds: Berny rapeseed, Brassica napus; Salvia hispanica—chia, Salvia hispanica; and Karo narrowleaf lupine, Lupinus angustifolius. The invertebrates used for toxicity studies were Daphnia pulex, Tubifex tubifex, Chaoborus sp. (larva), Chironomus aprilinus, and Artemia sp. The tests showed that KD, TD, and ZD films were the most phytotoxic, which was confirmed by the percentages of germination and growth inhibition calculated for all test plants. K2D, D2T, and Z2D films exhibited considerable toxicity to lupine and chia. The conducted biotoxicity tests concerning the modified films and their effect on the selected invertebrates showed that Daphnia pulex and Artemia were highly sensitive to the tested factors. Only Chaoborus sp. (larva) exhibited total resistance to the tested films, which did not cause death of the organism in any case. Biotests on invertebrates and plants developed and used in this research can be successfully used to determine the toxicity of other substances.
Leptin reduces LPS‐induced A1 reactive astrocyte activation and inflammation via inhibiting p38‐MAPK signaling pathway
Authors: Sun Meiqi , Song Yiqun , Hu Xiaoxuan , Zhang Zixuan , Tan Ruolan , Cai Zhenlu , Wang Xinyi , Fu Yali , You Hongli , Cui Simeng , Zhao Wanting , An Jing , Chen Xinlin , Lu Haixia
Published: September 2024

Neurotoxic A1 reactive astrocytes are induced by inflammatory stimuli. Leptin has been confirmed to have neuroprotective properties. However, its effect on the activation of A1 astrocytes in infectious inflammation is unclear. In the current study, astrocytes cultured from postnatal day 1 Sprague–Dawley rats were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce an acute in vitro inflammatory response. Leptin was applied 6 h later to observe its protective effects. The viability of the astrocytes was assessed. A1 astrocyte activation was determined by analyzing the gene expression of C3, H2‐D1, H2‐T23, and Serping 1 and secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐6 and TNF‐α. The levels of phospho‐p38 (pp38) and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) phosphor‐p65 (pp65) were measured to explore the possible signaling pathways. Additionally, an LPS‐induced inflammatory animal model was established to investigate the in vivo effects of leptin on A1 astrocytic activation. Results showed that in the in vitro culture system, LPS stimulation caused elevated expression of A1 astrocyte‐specific genes and the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, indicating the activation of A1 astrocytes. Leptin treatment significantly reversed the LPS induced upregulation in a dose‐dependent manner. Similarly, LPS upregulated pp38, NF‐κB pp65 protein and inflammatory cytokines were successfully reduced by leptin. In the LPS‐induced animal model, the amelioratory effect of leptin on A1 astrocyte activation and inflammation was further confirmed, showed by the reduced sickness behaviors, A1 astrocyte genesis and inflammatory cytokines in vivo. Our results demonstrate that leptin efficiently inhibits LPS‐induced neurotoxic activation of A1 astrocytes and neuroinflammation by suppressing p38‐MAPK signaling pathway.
Aberrant neurodevelopment in human iPS cell‐derived models of Alexander disease
Authors: Matusova Zuzana , Dykstra Werner , de Pablo Yolanda , Zetterdahl Oskar G. , Canals Isaac , van Gelder Charlotte A. G. H. , Vos Harmjan R. , Pérez‐Sala Dolores , Kubista Mikael , Abaffy Pavel , Ahlenius Henrik , Valihrach Lukas , Hol Elly M. , Pekny Milos
Published: September 2024

Alexander disease (AxD) is a rare and severe neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). While the exact disease mechanism remains unknown, previous studies suggest that mutant GFAP influences many cellular processes, including cytoskeleton stability, mechanosensing, metabolism, and proteasome function. While most studies have primarily focused on GFAP‐expressing astrocytes, GFAP is also expressed by radial glia and neural progenitor cells, prompting questions about the impact of GFAP mutations on central nervous system (CNS) development. In this study, we observed impaired differentiation of astrocytes and neurons in co‐cultures of astrocytes and neurons, as well as in neural organoids, both generated from AxD patient‐derived induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells with a GFAPR239C mutation. Leveraging single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq), we identified distinct cell populations and transcriptomic differences between the mutant GFAP cultures and a corrected isogenic control. These findings were supported by results obtained with immunocytochemistry and proteomics. In co‐cultures, the GFAPR239C mutation resulted in an increased abundance of immature cells, while in unguided neural organoids and cortical organoids, we observed altered lineage commitment and reduced abundance of astrocytes. Gene expression analysis revealed increased stress susceptibility, cytoskeletal abnormalities, and altered extracellular matrix and cell–cell communication patterns in the AxD cultures, which also exhibited higher cell death after stress. Overall, our results point to altered cell differentiation in AxD patient‐derived iPS‐cell models, opening new avenues for AxD research.
Unsteady MHD flow past an oscillating vertical plate with periodic temperature variation and exponential mass diffusion embedded in a porous medium with thermal and mass stratification effects
Authors: Das Pappu , Deka Rudra Kanta
Published: September 2024

The present study investigates the impacts of both mass and thermal stratification on unsteady magnetohydrodynamic flow past a plate swinging vertically on its own axis while entangled in a porous medium with periodic temperature variation and exponential mass diffusion. The technique of Laplace transform for the unitary Prandtl and Schmidt numbers is employed to obtain the closed‐form solution for the nondimensional system of partial differential equations that govern the system for velocity, temperature, and concentration fields. For various physical factors, such as stratification parameters, phase angle, thermal Grashof number, Darcy number, mass Grashof number, and time on velocity, temperature, concentration, skin‐friction, plate heat flux, and mass flux, numerical computations have been performed, and illustrated in graphs. It has been observed that the steady state is attained more swiftly when stratification is applied to the flow. The desire to enhance the knowledge of fluid flow in many technological as well as environmental circumstances, where such conditions are widely used could be the driving force behind this research. Significant results from the thermal and mass stratification are contrasted with the environment where stratification is absent. Understanding flow mechanisms in both naturally occurring and artificially created environments can be enriched by this innovative method.
Addressing social determinants of mental health through cognitive behavioral therapy
Authors: Gantt‐Howrey Alexandra , Brookover Dana L. , Robins Lauren B.
Published: September 2024

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a widely studied and implemented means of counseling. Researchers have emphasized the need for counselors to consider wider contextual factors that affect clients in their use of CBT, including the social determinants of mental health (SDMH). We conducted a concurrent nested mixed methods study to better understand the outcomes of a 3‐month CBT‐based SDMH training program for N = 8 professional counselors. We implemented a quasi‐experimental quantitative design and a phenomenological qualitative design. Results of Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests indicate statistically significant increases in participants’ SDMH and multicultural competence following completion of the training program. Thematic analysis findings suggest practical steps participants intend to take to address SDMH in their CBT practice with clients, including use of universal assessment tools and engagement in further training. Implications for counseling practice conclude.
Determination of Vatiquinone Drug‐Drug Interactions, as CYP450 Perpetrator and Victim, Using Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Modeling and Simulation
Authors: Lee Lucy , Okudaira Noriko , Murase Katsuyuki , Kong Ronald , Jones Hannah M.
Published: September 2024

Vatiquinone, a 15‐lipoxygenase inhibitor, is in development for patients with Friedreich's ataxia. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling addressed drug‐drug interaction gaps without additional studies. A PBPK model (Simcyp Simulator version 21, full model) was developed using parameters obtained from in vitro studies, in silico estimation and optimization, and two clinical studies. A venous blood dosing model best characterized vatiquinone lymphatic absorption. Apparent oral clearance (CL/F) was used to optimize intrinsic clearance (CLint). Intestinal availability (Fg) was estimated using the hybrid flow term (Qgut), unbound fraction in the enterocytes (fugut), and gut intrinsic metabolic clearance (CLuG,int). Renal clearance (CLR) was set to zero. Assuming an Fa of 1, CYP3A4 contribution (fmCYP3A4) was further optimized. The PBPK model was verified with two clinical studies and demonstrated that it adequately characterized vatiquinone PK. As a perpetrator, the model predicted no risk for vatiquinone to significantly alter the drug exposures of CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 substrates as evident bynegligible reduction in both midazolam and caffeine area under the curve (AUC)inf and Cmax. As a victim, the model predicted that vatiquinone exposures are weakly influenced by moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors and inducers. With fluconazole coadministration, vatiquinone AUCinf and Cmax increased by nearly 50% and 25%, respectively. With efavirenz coadministration, vatiquinone AUCinf and Cmax decreased by approximately 20% and 10%, respectively. Results suggested that vatiquinone does not significantly impact CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 substrates and that moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors and inducers weakly impact vatiquinone AUC.
Assessing adolescent gynecomastia: The role of shear wave ultrasound elastography
Authors: Parlak Ayşe Eda , Gok Ozlem Vardar , Toslak Iclal Erdem , Baran Riza Taner , Parlak Mesut
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Pubertal gynecomastia (PG) is defined as benign proliferation of male breast tissue. Ultrasonography is frequently used for follow‐up of symptomatic gynecomastia. Shear wave elastography (SWE) is an auxiliary tool for the diagnosis of breast disorders. Our aim is to evaluate SWE properties of breast tissue in PG.

Methods

Fifty consecutive adolescents, aged 10–18 with a diagnosis of gynecomastia were prospectively included in the study. Following clinical and laboratory evaluation, participants underwent B‐mode ultrasound and classified as nodular, dendritic, and diffuse pattern. SWE and hormonal values of all groups were recorded. Then, statistical analysis was performed.

Results

Briefly, 92 breasts (43 left and 49 right; 42 bilateral and 8 unilateral) were included in the analyses. There were no significant differences in clinical parameters including age, BMI‐SDS, estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), and E2/T levels within groups (p > 0.05). Breast volume and SWE levels were significantly different in all groups (p < 0.05). SWE values were significantly lower for those of dendritic pattern than in nodular pattern (p < 0.05). ROC analysis revealed that for the best the cut‐off value of 13.7 kPa, area under the curve value was 0.922 with 84% sensitivity and 87% specificity.

Conclusions

SWE values were significantly lower in patients with dendritic gynecomastia than those with nodular gynecomastia. Knowledge of the SWE values for the initial diagnosis and follow‐up values could help avoid unnecessary interventions.
Risk factors for post‐coronavirus disease condition in the Alpha‐, Delta‐, and Omicron‐dominant waves among adults in Japan: A population‐based matched case‐control study
Authors: Hori Miyuki , Hayama‐Terada Mina , Kitamura Akihiko , Hosozawa Mariko , Muto Yoko , Iba Arisa , Takayama Yoshihiro , Kimura Takashi , Iso Hiroyasu
Published: September 2024

Vaccination is associated with a reduced risk of post‐coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) condition (PCC). Here, risk factors including vaccination for PCC in the Omicron‐dominant waves among Japanese adults were investigated. This was a registry‐based matched case‐control study of individuals aged 18–79 years diagnosed with COVID‐19 registered in a National database between March 2021 and April 2022 and matched noninfected individuals living in Yao City, Japan. A self‐administered questionnaire was used to assess persistent symptoms and their risk factors. The COVID‐19 vaccination status was obtained from the Vaccination Registry. PCC risk factors were analyzed using logistic regression after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Overall, 4185 infected (cases) and 3382 noninfected (controls) individuals were included in the analysis. The mean ages and proportions of women were 44.7 years and 60.2% and 45.5 years and 60.7% for cases and controls, respectively. A total of 3805 (90.9%) participants had asymptomatic or mild acute symptoms at the median (range) follow‐up of 271 (185–605) days. The prevalence of PCC was 15.0% for cases while that of persistent symptoms was 4.4% for controls; among the cases, it was 27.0% in the Alpha‐ and Delta‐dominant waves and 12.8% in the Omicron‐dominant wave. Female sex, comorbidities, and hospitalization were positively associated with PCC. One or more vaccine doses of vaccination were inversely associated with PCC; the inverse association was stronger in the Alpha‐ and Delta‐dominant waves (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.29, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.12–0.73) than in the Omicron‐dominant wave (aOR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.59–1.07).
An indigenous microalgal pool containing Klebsormidium sp. K39 as a stable and efficacious biotechnological strategy for Escherichia coli removal in urban wastewater treatment
Authors: Occhipinti Paride Salvatore , Russo Nunziatina , Foti Paola , Pino Alessandra , Randazzo Cinzia L , Pollio Antonino , Caggia Cinzia
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

In recent decades the demand for freshwater has drastically increased as a consequence of population growth, economic development, climate change and pollution. Therefore, any strategy for wastewater treatment can play a role in alleviating the pressure on freshwater sources.

RESULTS

In the present study an autochthonous microalgal pool (MP), isolated from a constructed wetland, was proposed as an alternative to the secondary treatment of an urban wastewater treatment system. The MP removal efficacy was compared to those obtained using Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus quadricauda, against E. coli. Results exhibited a comparable removal efficacy and after 2 days, in samples inoculated with E. coli at lower density, S. quadricauda and C. vulgaris induced a decrease of 2.0 units Log and the autochthonous MP of 1.8 units Log, whereas in samples with E. coli at higher density the bacteria were reduced 2.8, 3.4 and 2.0 units Log by S. quadricauda, C. vulgaris and the autochthonous MP, respectively. Moreover, the identification of microalgal strains isolated from the MP revealed the presence of Klebsormidium sp. K39, C. vulgaris, Tetradesmus obliquus and S. quadricauda. Although the MP composition remained quite constant, at the end of the treatment, a different distribution among the microalgal species was observed with Klebsormidium sp. K39 found as dominant.

CONCLUSION

The microalgal‐based wastewater treatment appears as a valuable alternative, although further investigations, based on ‘omics’ approaches, could be applied to better explore any fluctuation within the MP species composition in an in situ trial. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Photo‐Mediated RAFT Step‐Growth Polymerization With Diacrylate Monomers: Investigating Versatility and Oxygen Tolerance
Authors: Clouthier Samantha Marie , Li Jiajia , Tanaka Joji , You Wei
Published: September 2024

Photomediated reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) step‐growth polymerization is performed using a trithiocarbonate‐based chain transfer agent (CTA) and acrylate‐based monomers both with and without a photocatalyst. The versatility of photo‐mediated RAFT step‐growth is demonstrated by one‐pot synthesis of a graft copolymer via sequential monomer addition. Furthermore, oxygen‐tolerant photo‐mediated RAFT step‐growth is demonstrated, facilitated by the appropriate selection of photocatalyst and solvent pair (zinc tetraphenyl porphyrin [ZnTPP] and dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO]), enabling ultralow volume polymerization under open‐air conditions.
Pulmonary fibrosis: pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies
Authors: Wang Jianhai , Li Kuan , Hao De , Li Xue , Zhu Yu , Yu Hongzhi , Chen Huaiyong
Published: September 2024

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic and progressive lung disease characterized by extensive alterations of cellular fate and function and excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix, leading to lung tissue scarring and impaired respiratory function. Although our understanding of its pathogenesis has increased, effective treatments remain scarce, and fibrotic progression is a major cause of mortality. Recent research has identified various etiological factors, including genetic predispositions, environmental exposures, and lifestyle factors, which contribute to the onset and progression of PF. Nonetheless, the precise mechanisms by which these factors interact to drive fibrosis are not yet fully elucidated. This review thoroughly examines the diverse etiological factors, cellular and molecular mechanisms, and key signaling pathways involved in PF, such as TGF‐β, WNT/β‐catenin, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR. It also discusses current therapeutic strategies, including antifibrotic agents like pirfenidone and nintedanib, and explores emerging treatments targeting fibrosis and cellular senescence. Emphasizing the need for omni‐target approaches to overcome the limitations of current therapies, this review integrates recent findings to enhance our understanding of PF and contribute to the development of more effective prevention and management strategies, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
In‐Home Remote Assessment of the MDS‐UPDRS Part III: Multi‐Cultural Development and Validation of a Guide for Patients
Authors: Tosin Michelle H.S. , Sanchez‐Ferro Alvaro , Wu Ruey‐Meei , de Oliveira Beatriz G.R.B. , Leite Marco Antonio A. , Suárez Pablo Rábano , Goetz Christopher G. , Martinez‐Martin Pablo , Stebbins Glenn T. , Mestre Tiago A.
Published: September 2024

Background

The shift toward virtualized care introduces challenges in assessing the motor severity of Parkinson's disease (PD). The Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS‐UPDRS) part III, the most used rating scale in PD, lacks validation for synchronous remote administration.

Objective

Our goal was to validate the usability of a patient guide to allow an accurate video‐based MDS‐UDPRS part III remote examination.

Methods

We conducted a multi‐stage mixed methods study that included a team consensus for the concept of the guide, cognitive pretesting, and usability (system usability scale, [SUS]) testing in five sites (total n = 25 participants) with distinct linguistic and cultural contexts.

Results

A multi‐language (English, Portuguese, Spanish, and traditional Chinese) largely pictograph guide of the MDS‐UPDRS part III remote examination reached benchmark for usability (SUS score ≥68) in 25 participants who completed the synchronous remote assessment.

Conclusions

The MDS‐UDPRS part III remote examination guide can be used remotely accurately, and facilitate clinical practice and research in a paradigm of telemedicine.
Single‐shot multi‐b‐value (SSMb) diffusion‐weighted MRI using spin echo and stimulated echoes with variable flip angles
Authors: Dan Guangyu , Sun Kaibao , Luo Qingfei , Zhou Xiaohong Joe
Published: September 2024

Conventional diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) sequences employing a spin echo or stimulated echo sensitize diffusion with a specific b‐value at a fixed diffusion direction and diffusion time (Δ). To compute apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and other diffusion parameters, the sequence needs to be repeated multiple times by varying the b‐value and/or gradient direction. In this study, we developed a single‐shot multi‐b‐value (SSMb) diffusion MRI technique, which combines a spin echo and a train of stimulated echoes produced with variable flip angles. The method involves a pair of 90° radio frequency (RF) pulses that straddle a diffusion gradient lobe (GD), to rephase the magnetization in the transverse plane, producing a diffusion‐weighted spin echo acquired by the first echo‐planar imaging (EPI) readout train. The magnetization stored along the longitudinal axis is successively re‐excited by a series of n variable‐flip‐angle pulses, each followed by a diffusion gradient lobe GD and a subsequent EPI readout train to sample n stimulated‐echo signals. As such, (n + 1) diffusion‐weighted images, each with a distinct b‐value, are acquired in a single shot. The SSMb sequence was demonstrated on a diffusion phantom and healthy human brain to produce diffusion‐weighted images, which were quantitative analyzed using a mono‐exponential model. In the phantom experiment, SSMb provided similar ADC values to those from a commercial spin‐echo EPI (SE‐EPI) sequence (r = 0.999). In the human brain experiment, SSMb enabled a fourfold scan time reduction and yielded slightly lower ADC values (0.83 ± 0.26 μm2/ms) than SE‐EPI (0.88 ± 0.29 μm2/ms) in all voxels excluding cerebrospinal fluid, likely due to the influence of varying diffusion times. The feasibility of using SSMb to acquire multiple images in a single shot for intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) analysis was also demonstrated. In conclusion, despite a relatively low signal‐to‐noise ratio, the proposed SSMb technique can substantially increase the data acquisition efficiency in DWI studies.
Modular test rig for a rotor supported by gas foil bearings
Authors: Sorgec Berk , Liebich Robert
Published: September 2024

Foil bearings for high speed turbomachinery are and have been studied in terms of load capacity and lift‐off speed, stability, thermal behaviour and manufacturing. This paper focuses on a modular rotor‐bearing test rig, with which design changes can easily be experimentally investigated. An exemplary design change is undertaken and its effects are studied. Furthermore, a simple procedure is introduced, with which rigid body modes of the rotor can be extracted from phase information derived from experimentally obtained time series data.
Numerical detection of suppression of quasi‐periodic solutions
Authors: Seifert Alexander , Hetzler Hartmut
Published: September 2024

Dynamical systems can show so‐called quasi‐periodic solutions, which are composed of two or more so‐called incommensurable frequencies. Solving these systems in the time‐domain is not favorable, due to the fact that quasi‐periodic solutions have no finite periodicity, thus it is unclear how long simulations must be carried out in order to capture all relevant information. The time‐solution however fills a toroidal manifold densely. To calculate the invariant manifold directly one can use the hyper‐time parametrization. One can easily extract maximum values from the hyper‐time solution. The trade‐off however is, that the parametrization loses its validity if the quasi‐periodic solution synchronizes. When continuing quasi‐periodic solution branches it is essential to detect an approach to such synchronization points. We present an algorithm, with which one can detect synchronization by suppression of quasi‐periodic solutions, on the basis of a solution in the hyper‐time parametrization.
UPLC‐MS/MS and chemometrics analyses reveal chemical profile and anti‐inflammatory activity of Bienertia cycloptera Bunge fractions
Authors: El‐Gazzar Nahla S. , Shawky Eman , Ghareeb Doaa A. , Mahmoud Fatma A. A. , Selim Dina A.
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Bienertia cycloptera is a species belonging to the Chenopodiaceae family. According to earlier reports, a unique research study on the phytochemistry and biological analysis of that species was conducted.

Objective

This study presents an integrated metabolomics investigation combined with multivariate analysis of various extractive fractions of B. cycloptera aerial parts. This study is the first attempt to explore the anti‐inflammatory metabolites from B. cycloptera, showing its significance as a valuable traditional medicine.

Methodology

By comparing retention times, quasi‐molecular ions, and MS/MS fragment ions with databases and literature references, metabolite annotation was accomplished using ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS). Moreover, the effects of the studied samples on the gene expression of the four pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, and INF‐γ) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and comparing their results by those caused by piroxicam were tested to determine their anti‐inflammatory efficacy.

Results

Chemical profiling revealed diverse metabolites, with 62 chromatographic peaks identified across various chemical classes. UPLC‐MS/MS of different B. cycloptera fractions unveiled distinct chemical profiles. Results showed distinct chemical compositions in each fraction, with petroleum ether fraction enriched in sterols and fatty acids; methylene chloride fraction in alkaloids, sterols, and cardenolides; ethyl acetate fraction in alkaloids, flavonoids, cardenolides, and phenolic acids; and n‐butanol fraction in flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenolic acids. Multivariate data analysis illustrated clustering patterns among petroleum ether, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, and n‐butanol fractions. OPLS‐DA models were constructed to discern inter‐class differences, identifying discriminatory metabolites. In vitro cytotoxicity and anti‐inflammatory assays demonstrated the safety and efficacy of B. cycloptera fractions, with significant downregulation of pro‐inflammatory markers. Further analysis revealed specific metabolites associated with anti‐inflammatory effects, such as p‐hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, tachioside, ferulic acid, staphylionoside D, humilixanthin, bergaptol, vulgaxanthin I, and portulacaxanthin III.

Conclusion

The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the chemical composition and bioactivity of B. cycloptera fractions, suggesting their potential as therapeutic agents and warranting further investigation.
An in vitro set‐up to study Pdr5‐mediated substrate translocation
Authors: Gala Marti Stefanie L. , Wagner Manuel , Nentwig Lea‐Marie , Smits Sander H. J. , Schmitt Lutz
Published: September 2024

Pdr5 is the most abundant ABC transporter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and plays a major role in the pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) network, which actively prevents cell entry of a large number of structurally unrelated compounds. Due to a high level of asymmetry in one of its nucleotide binding sites (NBS), Pdr5 serves as a perfect model system for asymmetric ABC transporter such as its medical relevant homologue Cdr1 from Candida albicans. In the past 30 years, this ABC transporter was intensively studied in vivo and in plasma membrane vesicles. Nevertheless, these studies were limited since it was not possible to isolate and reconstitute Pdr5 in a synthetic membrane system while maintaining its activity. Here, the functional reconstitution of Pdr5 in a native‐like environment in an almost unidirectional inside‐out orientation is described. We demonstrate that reconstituted Pdr5 is capable of translocating short‐chain fluorescent NBD lipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of the proteoliposomes. Moreover, this transporter revealed its ability to utilize other nucleotides to accomplish transport of substrates in a reconstituted system. Besides, we were also able to estimate the NTPase activity of reconstituted Pdr5 and determine the kinetic parameters for ATP, GTP, CTP, and UTP.
Oxygen Plasma‐Induced Modification of Structural and Electrical Properties of Pr0.5Sr0.5MnO3 Manganites
Authors: Chettri Pronita , Kunwar Bhakta , Bhatt Gurukrishna , Mangavati Suraj , Sarma Arun Kumar , Okram Gunadhor S. , Chinnappareddy Devaraja , Rao Ashok , Deka Utpal
Published: September 2024

Herein, the impact of exposing the perovskite compound Pr0.5Sr0.5MnO3 to oxygen plasma is explored by comparing the structural and transport properties of the exposed samples to those of the unexposed ones. The Pr is oxidized to PrO2 in the investigated samples due to plasma exposure. The alterations in the transport properties can be linked to the changes in MnOMn bond angle and MnO bond length due to plasma exposure, as indicated by X‐ray diffraction analysis. Additionally, exposure to oxygen plasma increases the conductivity by incorporating oxygen into the exposed samples, making them oxygen‐rich. Detailed analysis of the resistivity and thermoelectric power data indicates that small polarons are responsible for conduction at high temperatures, while at low temperatures, variable range polarons take over. The negative value of the thermopower at all temperatures proclaims that the electrons behave as the dominant charge carriers.
Spermatozoa from male mice with infertility due to Odf4 deficiency can fertilize oocytes by in vitro fertilization
Authors: Ito Chizuru , Mutoh Tohru , Toshimori Kiyotaka
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to confirm whether in vitro fertilization (IVF) with spermatozoa from Odf4‐deficient infertile males (Odf4−/− spermatozoa) can lead to the development of zygotes, which was reported in a previous in vivo study.

Methods

In vitro capacitation and IVF were performed using Odf4−/− spermatozoa in a small drop of TYH medium with pyruvate and glucose, for 60 min or up to 4 days. A capacitation test was performed by immunoblotting using an anti‐p‐Tyr antibody. A sperm movement test was performed using a computer‐assisted sperm motility analysis system (SMAS). An IVF fertilization test was also performed to evaluate zygote production. Videos were taken by a DMi8 stereomicroscope equipped with a high‐speed camera.

Results

In in vitro condition, Odf4−/− spermatozoa with hairpin flagella harboring large cytoplasmic droplets (CDs) underwent capacitation, about 30% of large CDs were removed from spermatozoa, and the flagella became straight (capacitation test). The Odf4−/− spermatozoa with straight flagella swam forward (movement test) and fertilized Odf4+/+ oocytes, which eventually developed into zygotes (fertilization test).

Conclusions

By conventional IVF, spermatozoa from Odf4‐deficient male mice can fertilize oocytes that then develop into zygotes. These findings can be translated to human males with infertility caused by ODF4 deficiency.