bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials: Synthesis and Applications: A Mini Review
Authors: Ahmad Waseem , Singh Ajay , Mishrwan Vikas Singh , Joshi Saloni , Rawat Ankita
Published: July 2023

The emergence of nanomaterials as an exciting class of materials is the main reason for the high demand for nanoparticle utility and practical applications in the modern era. At present, the green synthesis process has proved to be the most advanced method in the production of nanoparticles. In green synthetic method, plant or its part is used for bioreduction of metal ions to their elemental form. Nanoparticles manufactured by this method are simple, accessible, eco-friendly and available at low cost and can be easily scaled up for larger operations. For this reason, in the modern era, their application is being done in areas like biosensors, lithium ion batteries, water purification, electrocatalysis, coating, photo-thermal therapies, drug delivery, etc. Among the different metal and metal oxide nanoparticles TiO2 is one of the most promising nanoparticles due to their unique structural chemical and morphological properties. Green synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles by using extract of different biological agent is one of the most growing areas of research. Phytochemicals, enzymes, and proteins, all bioactive components, play an essential role in the production of nanoparticles. The potentiality of titania (TiO2) to operate as an antibacterial and photocatalytic agent is one of the topics that has garnered the most interest from the scientific community. This review provides an overview of different available green synthesis method for the fabrication of TiO2 nanoparticles and also highlighted the different industrial applications of TiO2.
Standardization and Surface Characterization Studies of a
Siddha Formulation: Chandamarutha centhuram
Authors: Sriram Sridharan , Vadivel Vellingiri , Rajalakshmi Perumal , Brindha Pemaiah
Published: July 2023

Chandamarutha centhuram is an important and popular metal-based Siddha preparation and mainly
used for all types of arthritis, lupus erythematosus, gout, infections, parkinsonism, hemiplegia, delirium,
throat infection and all types of fever. In present work, three batches of Chandamarutha centhuram
were procured from the same manufacturer and subjected to standardization and surface characterization
studies. Elemental analysis was performed using XRF and surface characterization studies were done
employing sophisticated instrumentation techniques like XRD and SEM, which revealed the size of
the particle ranging from 6.92 μm to 55.46 μm. The FTIR studies demonstrated peaks in the region at
3851.62 cm-1 to 592.50 cm-1. Particle size analysis and thermal stability studies were carried out using
zeta sizer and TG-DTA. Data of physico-chemical analysis revealed the total ash content of the samples
to be below 1.5%, which indicated purity of the sample. While Batch I of C. centhuram did not
contain acid insoluble and water soluble ash, Batch II and III contained negligible amounts. The
moisture content was below 3%. The XRF analysis showed the presence of mercury as the major
constitutent (72.63-76.4%). The current information may prove helpful in establishing the
physico-chemical criteria for the formulation and in deducing the surface characterisation of a chosen
Siddha formulation, which hints at its nano-structure and nature.
Synthesis, Characterization, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Studies of Acenaphthaquinone Based Schiff Base and Its Corresponding Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) Metal Complexes
Authors: Umasare Tushar S. , Patil Sanjay K.
Published: July 2023

A new series of transition metal ions viz. Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes in the 1:1, M:L ratio have been synthesized using 1,5-dimethyl-4-((2-oxoacenaphthylen-1(2H)-ylidene)amino)-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one, Schiff base as a ligand derived via condensation reaction between acenaphthaquinone and 4-aminoantipyrine in acetonitrile and characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, UV-VIS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, LC-MS, powder XRD, atomic absorption measurements and TGA-DSC. Based on magnetic and electronic data, it has been suggested that Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes have octahedral geometry, while zinc(II) complex has tetrahedral geometry. It has also been found that all these complexes except for [ZnLCl2] are paramagnetic. The molar conductance values indicated that Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes are electrolytic and Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes are non-electrolytic, respectively. The thermal analysis data confirmed the suggested formula, the presence of coordinated and lattice water molecules and the stability of metal(II) complexes. From powder XRD analysis, the average crystallite size of all the compounds was observed within the nanoscale. The DPPH antioxidant studies revealed that the metal(II) complexes showed better antioxidant activities than the ligand. The metal(II) complexes were found to be effective antimicrobial when they were tested in vitro against six bacteria (S. aureus, B. subtilis, Corynebacterium, E. coli, P. vulgaris and S. enterica) and three fungi (A. oryzae, A. niger and C. albicans).
Synthesis and Evaluation of Jatropha Oil Branched Esters as Potential Fire Resistant Hydraulic Fluids
Authors: Rajak Amit Kumar , Padmaja Korlipara V. , Vidavalur Siddaiah , Karuna Mallampalli S.L. , Deverapaga Madhu
Published: July 2023

Jatropha oil (Jatropha curcas L.), a non-edible oil with oleic acid (45.7%) and linoleic acid (33%) as major components, was used to prepare basestocks for biolubricants. The hydrolyzed fatty acids underwent reaction with two iso-alcohols, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (EH) and 3,5,5-trimethyl-1-hexanol (TMH) and 5 different polyols, namely neopentyl glycol (NPG), 2-methyl-2-propyl-1,3-propandiol (MPPD), trimethylolpropane (TMP), trimethylolethane (TME) and pentaerythritol (PE) at around 140 ºC in presence of catalyst p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TSA) and xylene as solvent. The yields for the branched mono- and polyol esters ranged from 90% to 97.5%. The physico-chemical, lubricant and tribological properties of these esters as well as their 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR and ESI-MS techniques were investigated. Among the products, polyol esters were found to possess good viscosity indices, good foam stability, higher thermal stability and higher flash and auto ignition points compared to branched mono esters. TMP and TME esters have matched the specifications of ISO VG 46 and PE esters match ISO VG 68 fire resistant hydraulic fluids, which are in high demand.
Serum Lipid Profile among Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Patients in a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Sharanya Sira Nagaraj  , Shetty Niharika Krishna
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

This study was conducted to evaluate the serum lipid profile in different grades of POAG patients and describe the demographic profile of POAG patients.

METHODS

This was a hospital based observational study comprising of 80 eyes of 40 POAG patients who visited OPD in the Department of Ophthalmology, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, B.G. Nagara, Mandya District, over a period of 18 months from March 2021 to August 2022 after obtaining clearance from the institutional ethics committee and written informed consent from the study participants.

RESULTS

Of the 40 study participants, males constituted 62.5% (n=25) and females 32.5% (n=13) in the age group of 70 to 80 years 30% of patients had normal vision; the rest had visual impairments ranging from mild to total blindness. High cholesterol levels were present in 27.5% (n=11), high triglyceride in 42.5% (n=17), low HDL levels were present in 40% (n=16), High LDL levels were observed among 30% (n=12) of participants and high VLDL in 57.5% (n=23). The differences in the distribution of different grades of POAG with respect to different levels of total cholesterol and LDL were not significant, with p-values of 0.202 and 0.123 respectively. However, it was statistically significant for low HDL, high triglycerides and high VLDL with p value of 0.004, 0.05 and 0.017 respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

In conclusion, this observational study discovered that there is a significant relationship between dyslipidaemia to POAG. Low levels of HDL, high triglycerides, and high VLDL have a significant relationship (p<0.05) to the occurrence of POAG. This lends credence to the idea that abnormal lipid levels increase the likelihood of developing glaucoma.
Estratégias Empresariais para Redução do Estresse no Ambiente de Trabalho
Authors: Falco Ariane Assunção de , Oliveira Diego Gonçalves Carneiro de , Dutra Júlio Afonso Alves
Published: July 2023

As céleres mudanças em torno do ambiente de trabalho têm sido pauta no mundo dos negócios. Paralelo às mudanças, a qualidade de vida no trabalho fica comprometida, desencadeando vários problemas generalizados, entre eles o estresse. Por conseguinte, o desempenho, a saúde e a qualidade de vida do trabalhador ficam à deriva de várias complicações. Assim, o estudo tem como objetivo traçar reflexões acerca do estresse ocupacional e a qualidade de vida, realçar os indicadores responsáveis pela construção do estresse ocupacional, elucidar sobre a importância da qualidade de vida no ambiente de trabalho e descrever a influência do estresse e suas consequências no ambiente de trabalho. Para isso, a pesquisa bibliográfica subsidiou na elaboração textual com busca a partir dos descritores “Qualidade de vida no trabalho”, “Estresse, “Indicadores estressantes”. É compreensível que o estresse no ambiente de trabalho, agrava a qualidade de vida comprometendo o engajamento no trabalho com grandes perdas tanto para o trabalhador quanto para a empresa. A maneira como o homem se sente e labora duas atividades, depende da sua cultura e do seu momento histórico.
Why Faculty Underestimate Low-Income Students’ Family Responsibilities
Authors: Pierce Elizabeth
Published: July 2023

Low-income college students face costly moral choices between pursuing their personal academic success and fulfilling their family responsibilities. They almost certainly face these choices more frequently and at a greater personal cost than many of their faculty recognize. This article explores the sources and nature of that professorial blind spot. This article argues that this moral blind spot results from the fact that middle-class people and low-income people practice family in markedly different ways. They uphold different moral norms (independence vs. mutual aid) which shape the qualitative nature of college students’ obligations within their families. They also tend to utilize different family structures (nuclear vs. complex and extended) which create quantitative differences in the number of people to whom family responsibilities can attach. The paper ends with a practical implications section that discusses ways to address this moral blind spot so instructors can more effectively collaborate with students as they navigate conflicts between family and academic responsibilities.
ANALISIS PENDUGAAN STOK KARBON VEGETASI DENGAN PENGINDERAAN JAUH MENGGUNAKAN METODE LIGHT USE EFFICIENCY DI HUTAN PENGGARON, KOTA UNGARAN KABUPATEN SEMARANG PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Fadillah Ma'ruf Arief , Bashit Nurhadi , Qoyimah Shofiyatul , Susilo Helik , Apriyanti Dessy
Published: July 2023

Efek rumah kaca merupakan masalah iklim yang menyebabkan munculnya fenomena pemanasan global. Stok karbon merupakan eksternalitas yang diperhatikan pada pencegahan pemanasan global. Sebagai salah satu kawasan hutan terluas di Kota Ungaran, Hutan Penggaron berperan penting dalam menjaga stok karbon. Oleh sebab itu, perlu adanya kajian terhadap stok karbon di Hutan Penggaron sebagai sebagai salah satu pilar pengendalian emisi karbon di Kota Ungaran. Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang pendugaan kelimpahan stok karbon Hutan Penggaron. Stok karbon diestimasi menggunakan penginderaan jauh dengan metode light use efficiency (LUE). Metode LUE memperoleh nilai estimasi biomassa vegetasi menggunakan 3 parameter antara lain fraksi radiasi aktif fotosintesis (fPAR) yang dimodelkan menggunakan NDVI, efisiensi penggunaan cahaya matahari maksimum, serta photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Berdasarkan hasil pemodelan, Hutan Penggaron dengan luas kawasan sebesar 9.183884 km2 memiliki total kandungan stok karbon sebesar 5953919,444 Ca. Total stok karbon per hektar adalah  5953,919 Ca/Ha. Lahan non-vegetasi memiliki kandungan stok karbon terendah sebesar -20,418 Ca, sementara kelas kerapatan sangat tinggi memiliki kandungan stok karbon tertinggi sebesar 2980908135,909 Ca. Pohon Mahoni merupakan jenis pohon dengan kemampuan serapan karbon terbesar dengan rata-rata diameter batang sebesar 46,921 cm. Hasil pemodelan stok karbon di Hutan Penggaron memiliki akurasi nilai RMSE sebesar 0,1844405. Uji korelasi menggunakan uji korelasi Pearson dengan hasil korelasi sebesar 0,0974. Nilai uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov pada tingkat kepercayaan 90% dan level signifikansi 10% adalah sebesar 0,2. Nilai uji statistik adalah sebesar 0,111. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya stok karbon dalam jumlah besar di Hutan Penggaron sehingga diharapkan adanya upaya pelestarian ekologis terhadap keberlansungan Hutan Penggaron.Kata kunci :  LUE, NDVI, PAR, Stok Karbon
Examination of the effect of xenogeneic mesenchymal stem cells and conditioned medium on cartilage graft viability: a rabbit model
Authors: Unlu Abdullah , Bulbul Muhammet Volkan , Erkan Bircan Kolbasi , Ozdemir İlkay , Keskin Ilknur , Sutcu Mustafa
Published: July 2023

Background Since cartilage, unlike skin, does not contain vessels, it obtains nutrition by diffusion. This reduces graft viability, resulting in problems such as reductions in size, changes in shape, and resorption of the cartilage graft in the late post-graft period. This study aimed to investigate the effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal cells and conditioned medium (CM) on cartilage graft viability.Methods Dissections were performed 4 months after the injection of 0.5 mL of CM or 2×106 mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in 0.5 mL after grafting into a control group and two experimental groups (n=21 rabbits in total). Chondrocyte viability and type II collagen expression in the grafted areas were analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical methods, respectively.Results In the MSC and CM groups, chondrocyte proliferation at the graft tissue incision margin (MSC: P<0.01, CM: P<0.0001), chondrocyte proliferation at the auricular cartilage incision margin (MSC: P<0.05, CM: P<0.0001), integration of the graft with the surrounding cartilage (MSC: P<0.001, CM: P<0.0001) and type II collagen expression levels (MSC: P=0.001, CM: P=0.0002) significantly increased.Conclusions Xenogenic injection of MSCs and CM contributed to new cartilage production without any tumoral effects or immune reactions. In particular, the cell-free nature of CM strengthened its potential for safe use. Since injections of MSC and CM can preserve cartilage graft viability, interest in this technique is expected to increase as long-term results from clinical studies on the subject become available.
Zakłócona alegoryzacja dzieciństwa w Szumie Magdaleny Tulli
Authors: Wądolny-Tatar Katarzyna
Published: July 2023

Zakłócona alegoryzacja dzieciństwa w powieści Szum Magdaleny Tulli wychodzi poza tropologię „ja”, zaproponowaną przez Ryszarda Nycza. Krystalizację obrazów dzieciństwa utrudnia epigenetyczny tryb dziedziczenia traumatycznych doświadczeń przez tzw. drugie pokolenie. Powtórzenie (nawet samej ramy wydarzenia) oznacza też powrót dziedziczonej traumy. Ograniczone udostępnianie trudnej przeszłości (również jako osobowy hermetyzm dorosłych) i tajemnica przeszłości ciążą ku apofatycznej reprezentacji rzeczywistości. W toku narracji ograniczone udostępnianie ma również związek z demencyjną chorobą matki, zyskuje więc motywacje biologiczne, psychologiczne, oprócz historycznych i politycznych. Alegoryzacja dzieciństwa nabiera charakteru substytucyjnego z uwagi na istnienie masek i kamuflaży, tzw. alegorii tożsamościowych (Marta Tomczok), oraz potrzebę afektywnej kompensacji poprzez zastępcze formy społecznych inkluzji. Odrzucona i samotna dziewczynka w fabule utworu Szum Tulli zawiera z matką i ciotką „przymierze wstydu” (Aleksandra Szczepan), żyje w świecie wyimaginowanych figur, funkcjonujących w jej umyśle i na dziecięcych rysunkach (lisa-przyjaciela, esesmana ze związanymi rękoma), stosuje mentalny eskapizm, konsekwentnie gra rolę trudnego i dziwnego dziecka. Na poziomie narracji Tulli sygnalizuje zakłóconą alegoryzację dzieciństwa, które literacko nie ustala się w jednolitym obrazie, poprzez endogeniczność świata wewnętrznego bohaterki, interlokację jej doświadczenia (postpamięciowo dziedziczoną przeszłość rodziców, polsko-włoskie pochodzenie, żydowskie korzenie matki), metafory zamknięcia, ironię jako parabazę alegorii, widmologie literackie, alegoryzację akustyczną, konstrukcję narratora jednocześnie afektującego i afektowanego (Justyna Tabaszewska). Zabiegi te umożliwiają separowanie się postaci od doświadczenia, przenikanie się poziomu autorskiej opowieści z poziomem opowiadanych zdarzeń, wytwarzają podmiot metaleptyczny (Tomasz Kunz).
Words of scents: a linguistic analysis of online perfume reviews
Authors: Nikitina Larisa , Furuoka Fumitaka
Published: July 2023

This study explored linguistic resources that people employ to express their perceptions and opinions of a fragrance. Several natural language processing (NLP) techniques were used, including sentiment analysis, topic modelling, and supervised classification. The data were collected from the website of Fragrantica, popular among perfume lovers, and the reviews pertained to a niche market fragrance. The findings from the sentiment analysis revealed that the positive reviews contained a greater percentage of lexis referring to the social world, social processes, sexuality, leisure, and mental states. In the negative reviews, the prevalent lexis concerned health, illness, and social conflict. The topic modelling analysis indicated that the positive reviews centred on issues related to the experience of wearing the perfume, its sensual character, and its olfactory qualities. The negative reviews focused on skin chemistry, the perfume notes, and physical reactions to the scent. The supervised classification analysis indicated notable differences in the frequency ratios of some lexical items in the positive and negative reviews.
On the stationarity and existence of moments of the periodic EGARCH process
Authors: Lescheb Ines , Slimani Walid
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we will consider periodicEGARCH⁡(p,p){\operatorname{EGARCH}(p,p)}(exponential generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic) processes denoted byPEGARCH⁡(p,p){\operatorname{PEGARCH}(p,p)}. These processes are similar to the standard EGARCH processes, but include seasonally varying coefficients. We examine the probabilistic structure of an EGARCH-type stochastic difference equation with periodically-varying parameters. We propose necessary and sufficient conditions ensuring the existence of stationary solutions (in a periodic sense) based on a Markovian representation. The closed forms of higher moments are, under these conditions, established. Furthermore, the expressions for the Kurtosis coefficient and the autocorrelations of squared observations are derived. The general theory is illustrated by considering special cases such as the symmetric and the asymmetric cases of the second order PEGARCH model.
Analysis of heroin effects on calcium channels in rat cardiomyocytes based on transcriptomics and metabolomics
Authors: Su Liping , Liu Li , Ji Min , Hu Xiayun , Liang Min , Lu Ziyang , Wang Zhiguo , Guan Yaling , Xiao Jinling , Zhuang Mengjie , Zhu Sensen , Yang Long , Pu Hongwei
Published: July 2023

Heroin can cause damage to many human organs, possibly leading to different types of arrhythmias and abnormal electrophysiological function of the heart muscle and the steady state of calcium-ion channels. We explored cardiomyocytes treated with heroin and the effect on calcium-ion channels. Transcriptomics and metabolomics were used to screen for differential genes and metabolite alterations after heroin administration to jointly analyze the effect of heroin on calcium channels in cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocytes from primary neonatal rats were cultured in vitro and were treated with different concentrations of heroin to observe the changes in morphology and spontaneous beat frequency and rhythm by a patch clamp technique. Transcriptomic studies selected a total of 1,432 differentially expressed genes, 941 upregulated and 491 downregulated genes in rat cardiomyocytes from the control and drug intervention groups. Gene Ontology functional enrichment showed that 1,432 differential genes selected by the two groups were mainly involved in the regulation of the multicellular organismal process, response to external stimulus, myofibril, inflammatory response, muscle system process, cardiac muscle contraction, etc. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis indicated that these genes were mainly concentrated in cardiac muscle contraction, osteoclast differentiation, adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes, dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and other important pathways. Metabolomic testing further suggested that cardiomyocyte metabolism was severely affected after heroin intervention. After the treatment with heroin, the L-type calcium channel current I–V curve was up-shifted, the peak value was significantly lower than that of the control group, action potential duration 90 was significantly increased in the action potential, resting potential negative value was lowered, and action potential amplitude was significantly decreased in cardiomyocytes. In this study, heroin could cause morphological changes in primary cardiomyocytes of neonatal rats and electrophysiological function. Heroin can cause myocardial contraction and calcium channel abnormalities, damage the myocardium, and change the action potential and L-type calcium channel.
The crystal structure of 4-(3-carboxy-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-8-methoxy-4-oxo-1,4- dihydroquinolin-7-yl)-2-methylpiperazin-1-ium 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate methanol solvate, C27H32FN3O9
Authors: Lin Shu-Ting , Lou Can , Jiang Cheng-Jun
Published: July 2023

C27H32FN3O9, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 8.0932(4) Å, b = 11.8392(7) Å, c = 14.6782(8) Å, α = 87.860(3)∘, β = 76.795(2)∘, γ = 78.317(2)°, V = 1340.81(13) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt (F) = 0.0559, wR
ref (F
2) = 0.1537, T = 170 K.
The crystal structure of 4-aminiumbiphenyl benzenesulfonate, C18H17NO3S
Authors: Shi Chengzhe , Chen Xinlei , Jin Shouwen , Chen Shiyi , Wang Daqi
Published: July 2023

C18H17NO3S, monoclinic, Cc (no. 9), a = 32.036(3) Å, b = 7.2154(7) Å, c = 7.4283(8) Å, β = 99.943(2)∘, V = 1691.3(3) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0343, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0821, T = 298 K.
Synthesis and crystal structure of 1-(7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromen-8-yl)-N,N-dimethylmethanaminiumnitrate, C18H17N3O9
Authors: Chen Hai-Lin , Yao Dong-Mei , Luo Ze-Ping , Wang Yan-Ping , Tang Yu-Mei
Published: July 2023

C18H17N3O9, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 15.3768(3) Å, b = 7.4510(2) Å, c = 15.6673(5) Å, β = 102.700(3)∘, V = 1751.13(8) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0405, wR

ref
(F

2
) = 0.1157, T = 100 K.
Bioconvection transport of upper convected Maxwell nanoliquid with gyrotactic microorganism, nonlinear thermal radiation, and chemical reaction
Authors: Li Shuguang , Nasir Muhammad , Waqas Muhammad , Abdelmohsen Shaimaa A. M. , Eldin Sayed M. , Abdullaev Sherzod Shukhratovich , Khan Waqar Azeem
Published: July 2023

The microorganisms’ concept has appealed substantial consideration of modern researchers because of its utilization in commercial and industrial products, for illustration, biofuel (prepared from the waste), drug delivery, and fertilizers. Keeping such utilizations of microorganisms in mind, an analysis based on gyrotactic microorganisms featuring the mixed convective nonlinear radiative Maxwell nanoliquid stagnation point flow configured by permeable stretching surface is presented. Boundary layer stretching flow subjected to transpiration effects is formulated. Modeling is based on Buongiorno’s nanoliquid model. This model captures Brownian diffusion along with thermophoresis aspects. Energy expression is formulated under nonlinear version of radiative heat-flux, heat source, thermal Robin conditions, and heat sink. Mass transport analysis is presented considering solutal Robin conditions and chemical reaction. In addition, the Robin conditions for motile microorganisms are also considered. The complex mathematical expressions of Maxwell liquid are simplified utilizing the Boundary layer concept and then suitable transformations assist to obtain the mathematical problems in ordinary differential forms. The analytical approach (that is homotopy analysis methodology) is utilized for computational analysis. The outcomes obtained are presented graphically and numerically. The detailed description of emerging physical non-dimensional parameters is included. Our findings indicate that the motile density field strongly boosted with the increment in Peclet number and microorganisms Biot number; however, they are suppressed with the increase in the values of bioconvection Schmidt number and motile microorganism concentration difference parameter.
3D printing of porous Ti6Al4V bone tissue engineering scaffold and surface anodization preparation of nanotubes to enhance its biological property
Authors: Fan Shiqi , Talha Mohd , Yu Xia , Lei Haoyuan , Tan Yi , Zhang Hui , Lin Yuanhua , Zhou Changchun , Fan Yujiang
Published: July 2023

Porous structures and surface morphology of bone tissue scaffolds play an important role in improving the biocompatibility and antibacterial properties for bone repair. In this study, we investigated the effect of different anodic oxidation parameters on the nanotubes morphology in 3D printed porous titanium scaffolds. Micron-scale pores were fabricated by 3D printing first, and then the nano-scale tubes were obtained via anodizing treatments. The results demonstrated that the morphology of the nanotubes depended on the anodic oxidation time and voltage, respectively. Longer anodic oxidation led to the formation of circle-like nanotubes, and the diameter of the nanotubes increased with the voltage. The scaffolds anodized at 30 V showed the best cell proliferation potential. The presence of nanotubes on the surface of scaffold altered the adhesion of bacteria so that it improved the antibacterial properties of scaffold. The formation of nanotubes improved the drug-loading ability of the scaffold, which are used for loading of minocycline antibacterial drugs. The proposed 3D printed porous Ti6Al4V scaffold with nanotubes surface modification showed obvious antibacterial effect, which is expected to have a promising application in antibacterial bone prosthesis.
Bioinspired ferromagnetic CoFe2O4 nanoparticles: Potential pharmaceutical and medical applications
Authors: Ansari Mohammad Azam , Govindasamy Rajakumar , Begum Mohammed Yasmin , Ghazwani Mohammed , Alqahtani Ali , Alomary Mohammad N. , Jamous Yahya F. , Alyahya Sami A. , Asiri Sarah , Khan Firdos Alam , Almessiere Munirah A. , Baykal Abdulhadi
Published: July 2023

The primary goal of this work was to develop a cost-effective, non-toxic, eco-friendly, and simple approach for the green synthesis of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) using Aloe vera leaf extract by the sol–gel auto-combustion method. In order to figure out their structural, morphological, and magnetic properties, the synthesized NPs were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscope (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, and vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM). XRD analysis showed that particles had a single-phase spinel crystalline structure with an average crystalline size of 33.5 nm. Under VSM studies, the produced NPs exhibit a soft ferromagnetic property. SEM revealed that the as-prepared NPs were agglomerated due to their magnetic behavior. To the best of our knowledge, the anticandidal, antibiofilm, antibacterial, and anticancer activities of CoFe2O4 NPs toward drug-resistant gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as fungal strains, have been comprehensively investigated for the first time. The synthesized NPs had a minimal inhibitory concentration of 0.25–0.75 mg/ml against the tested pathogens. CoFe2O4 NPs inhibited the biofilm formation by 37.3–61.8% in selected strains at concentrations of 0.125–0.5 mg/ml. It was observed that the NPs not only suppress biofilm formation but also eradicate established mature biofilms by 50.9–64.49% that was further supported by SEM. SEM analysis shows that NPs significantly inhibit the colonization and aggregation of tested biofilm strains. Light microscopic analysis revealed that NPs completely inhibit the development of hyphae and filaments in Candida albicans, which significantly attenuates their pathogenicity. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining demonstrate that NPs significantly inhibit the proliferation of HCT-116 and HeLa cells. Furthermore, the SEM images of treated cells showed wrinkled and damaged cell walls, indicating the disruption and disorganization of the membrane. This study showed that the synthesized NPs were effective in inhibiting the growth of drug-resistant bacteria, candida, and their preformed biofilms as well. Thus, these NPs with broad-spectrum applications could be exploited in medical settings to diminish biofilm-based infections caused by these pathogenic strains.
The production of English monophthong vowels by Saudi L2 speakers
Authors: Algethami Ghazi
Published: July 2023

This study aims to describe the production of English monophthongs by nonnative Saudi speakers. It acoustically examined the production of English monophthongal vowels by Saudi second language (L2) speakers. Sixteen L2 participants produced twelve English monophthongs in carrier words. Comparable data were obtained in native Saudi Arabic and native Southern Standard British English to aid interpreting the L2 results. Formant frequencies and durations were measured for all vowels. Similar to Saudi Arabic, the English vowels produced by the Saudi L2 speakers occupied a smaller vowel space than the vowels produced by the native English speakers. There was overlap between many of the English vowel categories produced by the L2 speakers. However, the L2 speakers were found to employ similar durational characteristics to those employed by the native English speakers. L1 influence seems to play a major role in the L2 learners’ production of English vowels. The limited vowel space of the L2 speakers’ L1 appears to have limited their ability to produce the more acoustically peripheral English vowels.
Caste-ing White Supremacy
Authors: Bakrania Falu
Published: July 2023

This paper examines the landmark 1923 Supreme Court case, United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind, alongside the Hindutva response to a 2020 landmark case, California Department of Fair Employment and Housing v. Cisco Systems Inc. These two cases are in many ways different: while Thind was confronting racial prerequisite laws concerning citizenship, the Hindu right (or Hindutva) is protesting the inclusion of caste in antidiscrimination laws. Yet, reading these together enables us to see how upper-caste South Asians have historically mobilized caste to uphold not only Brahminical, but also white supremacy. While much work on race and caste highlights the parallels between racism and casteism as descent-based discriminations, I illuminate how they intersect, shaping immigrant struggles to establish belonging and rights in the United States.

Caste served as a lynchpin for Thind’s case. Thind and his legal team used caste to prove the purity of Thind’s “Aryan blood” and therefore his whiteness and eligibility for citizenship. In doing so, they also reproduced anti-Blackness. Though the Supreme Court rejected Thind’s argument, it retained the idea that caste, race, and blood are linked. Nearly a century later, Hindutva’s response to Cisco appears to want to abolish caste by not naming it. Yet, read alongside the rise of the language of “merit” and “castelessness” in India, and the move to “colorblindness” and model minority racialization in the United States, their “caste-blind” agenda bolsters both Brahminical and white supremacy.
A non‐proteolytic release mechanism for HMCES‐DNA‐protein crosslinks
Authors: Donsbach Maximilian , Dürauer Sophie , Grünert Florian , Nguyen Kha T , Nigam Richa , Yaneva Denitsa , Weickert Pedro , Bezalel‐Buch Rachel , Semlow Daniel R , Stingele Julian
Published: July 2023

The conserved protein HMCES crosslinks to abasic (AP) sites in ssDNA to prevent strand scission and the formation of toxic dsDNA breaks during replication. Here, we report a non‐proteolytic release mechanism for HMCES‐DNA‐protein crosslinks (DPCs), which is regulated by DNA context. In ssDNA and at ssDNA‐dsDNA junctions, HMCES‐DPCs are stable, which efficiently protects AP sites against spontaneous incisions or cleavage by APE1 endonuclease. In contrast, HMCES‐DPCs are released in dsDNA, allowing APE1 to initiate downstream repair. Mechanistically, we show that release is governed by two components. First, a conserved glutamate residue, within HMCES' active site, catalyses reversal of the crosslink. Second, affinity to the underlying DNA structure determines whether HMCES re‐crosslinks or dissociates. Our study reveals that the protective role of HMCES‐DPCs involves their controlled release upon bypass by replication forks, which restricts DPC formation to a necessary minimum.
Descending dopaminergic pathway facilitates itch signal processing via activating spinal GRPR+ neurons
Authors: Zhang Zhi‐Jun , Shao Han‐Yu , Liu Chuan , Song Hao‐Lin , Wu Xiao‐Bo , Cao De‐Li , Zhu Meixuan , Fu Yuan‐Yuan , Wang Juan , Gao Yong‐Jing
Published: July 2023

A11 dopaminergic neurons regulate somatosensory transduction by projecting from the diencephalon to the spinal cord, but the function of this descending projection in itch remained elusive. Here, we report that dopaminergic projection neurons from the A11 nucleus to the spinal dorsal horn (dopaminergicA11‐SDH) are activated by pruritogens. Inhibition of these neurons alleviates itch‐induced scratching behaviors. Furthermore, chemogenetic inhibition of spinal dopamine receptor D1‐expressing (DRD1+) neurons decreases acute or chronic itch‐induced scratching. Mechanistically, spinal DRD1+ neurons are excitatory and mostly co‐localize with gastrin‐releasing peptide (GRP), an endogenous neuropeptide for itch. In addition, DRD1+ neurons form synapses with GRP receptor‐expressing (GRPR+) neurons and activate these neurons via AMPA receptor (AMPAR). Finally, spontaneous itch and enhanced acute itch induced by activating spinal DRD1+ neurons are relieved by antagonists against AMPAR and GRPR. Thus, the descending dopaminergic pathway facilitates spinal itch transmission via activating DRD1+ neurons and releasing glutamate and GRP, which directly augments GRPR signaling. Interruption of this descending pathway may be used to treat chronic itch.
Comparison Of Arbitration Dispute Resolution In Business Between Indonesia And United States Of America
Authors: Permatasari Adinda Destaloka Putri
Published: July 2023

AbstractBusiness activities always allow for a dispute between the parties involved. As a result of such disputes the parties always want a quick resolution Delays in resolving trade disputes will result in inefficient economic development, decreased productivity, and otherwise increased production costs. This not only hinders the improvement of health and progress of workers, but also harms consumers. To resolve business disputes, the parties have the freedom to choose what dispute resolution forum to choose. Business disputes that arise may not be left alone, but it is necessary to find an alternative solution appropriately so as not to be prolonged and cause substantial losses. Alternative dispute resolution is not only known in Indonesia but also in other countries, one of which is Indonesia, in this paper the author will discuss about alternative dispute resolution in the field of business between Indonesia and America. Â
Pilot study shows suppression of mineralocorticoid precursors under high-dose glucocorticoid therapy in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Holterhus Paul-Martin , Kulle Alexandra , Till Anne-Marie , Stille Caroline , Lamprecht Tabea , Vieth Simon , Lauten Melchior
Published: July 2023

Glucocorticoids represent a key element in the treatment of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and lead to adrenal suppression. We aimed to assess the differential response profile of adrenal steroids in children with ALL during BFM (Berlin–Frankfurt–Münster) induction treatment. Therefore, we performed liquid chromatography tandem–mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS)-based steroid profiling of up to seven consecutive leftover morning serum samples derived from 11 patients (pts) with ALL before (day 0) and during induction therapy at days 1–5, 6–12, 13–26, 27–29, 30–35 and 36–40. 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP), 11-deoxycortisol (11S), cortisol, 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC), corticosterone and aldosterone were determined in parallel. Subsequently, steroid concentrations were normalized by multiples of median (MOM) to adequately consider pediatric age- and sex-specific reference ranges. MOM-cortisol and its precursors MOM–11S and MOM–17OHP were significantly suppressed by glucocorticoid treatment until day 29 (P < 8.06 × 10−10, P < 5.102 × 10−5, P < 0.0076, respectively). Cortisol recovered in one of four pts at days 27–29 and in two of five pts at days 36–40. Among the mineralocorticoids, corticosterone was significantly suppressed (P < 3.115 × 10−6). Aldosterone and DOC showed no significant changes when comparing day 0 to the treatment time points. However, two ALL patients with ICU treatment due to the sepsis showed significantly lower MOM–DOC (P = 0.006436) during that time and almost always the lowest aldosterone compared to all other time points. Suppression of mineralocorticoid precursors under high-dose glucocorticoid therapy suggests a functional cross talk of central glucocorticoid regulation and adrenal mineralocorticoid synthesis. Our data should stimulate prospective investigation to assess potential clinical relevance.
Protective effect of GLP-1 analog liraglutide on podocytes in mice with diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Shi Shaomin , Chen Xinghua , Yu Wen , Ke Xiaolan , Ma Tean
Published: July 2023

Protection of podocytes is one of the important means to delay the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has been shown to have a protective effect on the kidney in DN models, but whether it has a protective effect on podocytes and the potential mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. In the present study, we established a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mouse model by high-fat diet feeding combined with streptozotocin (STZ) induction and administered the intervention for 14 weeks. We found that liraglutide significantly ameliorated podocyte injury in DN mice. Mechanistically, we detected glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) protein expression levels in kidney tissues by immunohistochemical staining, immunofluorescence staining, and western blotting and found that podocytes could express GLP-1R and liraglutide treatment could restore GLP-1R expression in the kidney tissues of DN mice. Furthermore, we found that NLRP3-induced inflammation and pyroptosis were positively correlated with podocyte injury in DN mice, and liraglutide inhibited the expression of NLRP3-induced inflammation and pyroptosis-related proteins. Our results suggest that liraglutide protects DN mouse podocytes by regulating GLP-1R in renal tissues and by regulating NLRP3-induced inflammation and pyroptosis.
Postmenopausal osteoporosis coexisting with sarcopenia: the role and mechanisms of estrogen
Authors: Lu Lingyun , Tian Li
Published: July 2023

Estrogens (estradiol, estriol, and estrone) are important hormones that directly and indirectly regulate the metabolism and function of bone and skeletal muscle via estrogen receptors. Menopause causes a dramatic reduction in the concentration of estrogen in the body. This contributes to a decline in bone and skeletal muscle function, thereby resulting in osteoporosis and sarcopenia. Menopausal women often experience osteoporosis and muscle wasting, and clinicians recognize estrogen as playing an important role in these conditions, particularly in women. Bone and muscle are closely related endocrine tissues that synthesize and produce various cytokines. These bone- and muscle-derived cytokines, including interleukin-6, irisin, β-aminoisobutyric acid, osteocalcin, fibroblast growth factor-23, and sclerostin, regulate both local and distant tissues, and they mediate the crosstalk between bone and skeletal muscle. This review examines the metabolic effects of estrogen on bone and skeletal muscle and describes cytokine-mediated bone–muscle crosstalk in conditions of estrogen deficiency.
Safeguarding the euro area: how politics of conditionality and financial markets affect crisis management roles of the ECB and the ECJ
Authors:   , Bernatavičius Marijus
Published: July 2023

Gelbėjant euro zoną: kaip sąlygų politika ir finansų rinkos veikė Europos centrinio banko ir Europos teisingumo teismo vaidmenis krizių valdyme
Q&A: Coding for Pediatric Echocardiography
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: July 2023

Current Procedural Terminology (CPT®) includes a variety of codes for reporting the performance and/or interpretation and report of echocardiography, including codes for different echocardiography procedures and add-on codes for imaging techniques that are separately reported, when performed. This article provides answers to common questions about code selection for these services. Topics include the following:

Professional and technical components of echocardiography Echocardiography and critical care services on the same date Echocardiography for congenital anomaly of the heart Complete versus limited echocardiography Stress echocardiography Documentation
Experiencia didáctica durante la guía de estudiantes en proceso de sus trabajos finales de graduación
Authors: Davis Sánchez Luis Alberto , Fallas Rodríguez Diana Elena
Published: July 2023

Objetivo: Se pretendió mostrar la experiencia docente durante la guía didáctica de estudiantes en proceso de desarrollo de sus trabajos finales de graduación en una licenciatura de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Metodología: Consistió en un diseño cualitativo descriptivo de la experiencia académica en cursos de investigación, correspondiente a Taller de graduación I y II, ambos con duración semestral. La población participante corresponde a estudiantes de dichos cursos durante los años 2020 y 2021. Se establecieron tres ejes para la recolección y análisis de los datos: a) modalidad de aprendizaje, b) abordaje teórico metodológico de los cursos y c) productos tácitos de la experiencia. Resultados: Aunque la virtualidad representó un reto para el cambio y logro de los aprendizajes, la metodología utilizada derivó en un proceso exitoso que consideró los principios generales de la pedagogía mediada por tecnología, según la Universidad de Costa Rica. El abordaje teórico metodológico permitió al estudiantado concluir sus propuestas con grado avanzado o superior en un 87.5 % y 65 % entre 2020 y 2021, respectivamente. Únicamente en el año 2020, el 62.5 % de las personas discentes tenían propuestas para someter a revisión por parte de la Comisión o aprobadas. Conclusión: Los talleres de graduación necesitan abordarse desde la metodología de investigación, en busca de claridad y secuencia en las etapas, lo cual permita verificar la viabilidad en las propuestas y priorizar el desarrollo de competencias en investigación sobre la complejidad del producto final del TFG. Aplicaciones: En cursos de guía de proyectos finales de graduación se deben establecer metas en diferentes plazos, para que el estudiantado avance de manera sostenida y consecuente. Recomendaciones: Para futuras prácticas docentes similares, se recomienda permitir a la población estudiantil egresada compartir sus experiencias con quienes apenas comienzan, y establecer cronogramas de trabajo propios para cada propuesta de investigación como herramienta de compromiso de trabajo.
Rendimiento académico y autorregulación del aprendizaje en estudiantado Secundario Técnico Profesional chileno durante el COVID-19
Authors: Sáez Delgado Fabiola , García Vásquez Héctor , Mella Norambuena Javier , López Angulo Yaranay , Olea González Constanza , Contreras Saavedra Carolina Noemí
Published: July 2023

El objetivo de este estudio fue describir el rendimiento académico y las estrategias de autorregulación del aprendizaje y estudiar la relación de estas variables utilizadas por estudiantes en el contexto de enseñanza remota de emergencia. El diseño fue descriptivo-correlacional y la muestra fue de 80 estudiantes pertenecientes a una escuela de secundaria Técnico Profesional. Para medir el rendimiento, se utilizaron los promedios de calificaciones finales de un semestre académico de cada participante y se usó un instrumento conformado por 5 escalas para medir las fases de autorregulación del aprendizaje. Los resultados evidenciaron que el estudiantado durante la enseñanza remota de emergencia: (1) se auto percibe algo capaz para disponerse al estudio, (2) considera que un mal rendimiento académico depende de factores externos, (3) solo a veces revisa el progreso de su estudio y (4) existe una relación significativa y positiva entre el rendimiento académico y las estrategias de autorregulación del aprendizaje. Se concluye que, durante la pandemia, el estudiantado en Chile, a medida que utilizó mayores estrategias, como identificar los contenidos que no entendían bien, realizó resúmenes de las ideas principales o estableció objetivos académicos a corto plazo, obtuvo mejores calificaciones. Se recomienda a las comunidades educativas desplegar esfuerzos para fomentar los procesos autorregulatorios como habilidad para enfrentar escenarios dinámicos y situaciones de crisis.