bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teachers' characteristics as factors of the school sport quality in the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Grbović Marija , Marković Srđan , Bogavac Dragana
Published: December 2020

Within the system of school sports, insufficient attention in the literature is paid to those who lead and carry out this process - physical education teachers. The aim of this paper is to examine the effects of teacher characteristics on the quality of school sports in the Republic of Serbia, as well as the importance and satisfaction of teachers with various organizational and management tools as agents of intrinsic motivation and their connection with the quality of school sports. For the purposes of the research, a questionnaire was constructed from which the variables of the general characteristics of teachers and the variables of the school sports quality were selected, as well as 12 variables which evaluated their satisfaction with certain aspects of motivation for the good quality work and commitment in school sports. It was observed that in 80% of cases the participation of students in sports competitions does not exceed 25%, while the principle of "all or no one" (25% or 100%) was observed among teachers. On the other hand, significant correlations were identified between the majority of the examined quality variables and the aspects of motivation, above all with the factors of teamwork, work autonomy, and school affirmation. In addition, our comparative analyses determined the influence of teachers' age and work experience on participation in sports programs. Based on all the above said, it can be concluded that the means of motivation of teachers, as well as their work experience, can be the basis for maintaining positive trends in the quality of school sports in Serbia.
Research on employer satisfaction concerning higher education quality
Authors: Janovac Tatjana , Virijević-Jovanović Saša
Published: December 2020

Education has a strategic importance for economic and social development, as well as a positive effect on the entire society. Therefore, the education system must be effective and efficient in order to create a knowledge-based society and a stable economic environment. An important indicator of education quality is the employer satisfaction, which therefore presents a topic of numerous studies around the world. In this regard, the aim of the research was to examine the satisfaction of employers as users of higher education services through scientific methods. The sample included 33 private and public sector entities from various industries, with different ownership structures and a different number of employees. The research was conducted in the Republic of Serbia from May to July 2019. The data were processed using SPSS 21.0. programme in order to conduct descriptive statistics and cross-tabulation. Finally, the research findings indicate the existence of employer dissatisfaction, resulting from the outcomes of certain study programs, i.e., competencies and skills related to occupational profiles.
Directions for the development of transport machines for open-pit mining
Authors: Yurievich Koptev , Vladimirovna Kopteva , Sergeevna Ivanova
Published: December 2020

The paper is devoted to the identification (in the form of an intermediate obtained result) of the main trends in the development of transport machines, their systematization, taking into account the current state of art, identification and assessment of the most significant trends in view of innovative prospects. The discussed technical solutions contribute to a significant modernization of transport systems of mining enterprises.
Dragutin Dimitrijević Apis as a symbol of the Serbian strategic culture
Authors: Blagojević Veljko
Published: December 2020

The paper is the analysis of the life and achievements of Colonel Dragutin Dimitrijević Apis, an army and intelligence officer, who significantly influenced the history of Serbs at the beginning of the 20th century. The turbulent, almost adventurous, life of Colonel Apis ended with the rigged trial in Thessaloniki in 1917. From then until the present day, Apis is used as a symbol of the Serbian strategic culture for the military involvement in politics, but also as a patriotic and self-sacrificing officer dependent on the needs of the ruling elite and the facts which subculture analysts belong to. The aim of this paper is to analyze the achievements of Colonel Apis in an analytical and objective way, to describe different strategic subcultures in Serbia on the example of the attitude towards the symbol of Apis and to remove certain misconceptions about the (mis)use of Colonel Apis and his legacy.
The geopolitical framework of the Serbian strategic culture
Authors: Gajić Aleksandar
Published: December 2020

Starting with the definition of the concept of strategic culture and its substantive extension and improvement, the paper examines the links between the geopolitical framework or the geopolitical determination of the state and its strategic culture, in this case - the Serbian state and the Serbian people. By observing the creation of the Serbian identity and the Serbian strategic culture from a historical perspective through the prism of the key geopolitical processes of "long duration" in the Balkans, we further study the specifics of the Serbian identity and the Serbian strategic culture in its contemporary major variants. The second part of the paper then examines the contemporary geopolitical processes in the Balkans and the position in which Serbia and the Serbian people are placed, as well as the perspectives to which they can lead. The final part of the paper, taking all this into account, looks at Serbian possibilities in contemporary geopolitical circumstances to achieve its vital general strategic goals that are in line with the basic features of the historically dominant Serbian strategic culture.
Personality Science: United in Diversity
Authors: Rauthmann John F.
Published: December 2020

Introducing the new journal Personality Science (PS) Online-only and full open-access, without author or reader fees Aims to provide a top-quality and multidisciplinary outlet for personality science Seeks to foster diversity and inclusion in the community of personality scientists Implements rigorous guidelines to ensure transparency, openness, and reproducibility Features exciting paper formats Journal website: ps.psychopen.eu
Transmedia y comunicación publicitaria: retos, narrativas y emociones
Authors: Gil Soldevilla Samuel , Miquel Segarra Susana
Published: December 2020

Introducción a la sección Informe del número 14.
Responsabilidad social corporativa. Nuevos retos, nuevas soluciones
Authors: Boldó Roda Maria Del Carmen
Published: December 2020

L'empresa ha d'acostar-se a la RSC com un element d'avantatge competitiu, com una eina capaç de generar valor en l'empresa i en la societat amb la qual conviu. Per açò, des de la UJI creiem oportú recolzar i divulgar la formació en aqueix sentit, en benefici dels nostres alumnes, d'empreses i el nostre entorn econòmic i social. Després de la seua celebració, aquest volum arreplega les ponències presentades en la jornada sobre les «Novetats legislatives entorn de la responsabilitat social corporativa: l'informe financer», que aglutina estudis no solament acadèmics, sinó també experiències pràctiques d'èxit en la implementació de polítiques de RSC en empreses rellevants del nostre territori, la qual cosa li confereix singularitat i gran interès.
Alternative Formula for Rigid Pavement Stress Calculation in Corner Load Conditions
Authors: Olita Saverio , Diomedi Maurizio , Ciampa Donato
Published: December 2020

The design of rigid pavements is historically based on the classical Theory of proposed by Westergaard in 1929, which considers the rigid pavement as a thin plate resting on an elastic ground with a Winkler reaction, imposing the congruence of vertical displacements at the points of contact between the pavement structure and the ground. Westergaard’s Theory provides expressions for the calculation of maximum stress in concrete slabs for interior, edge and corner load conditions. This work focuses on the development of a Finite Element model, implemented in the ANSYS® environment and calibrated on the basis of the results of the in-scale experimental model developed by Lall and Lees in 1983. The implementation of the FE model was performed through a set of steps capable of reproducing physical and mechanical conditions of the true model, which was further intended to be used for numerical analysis. After the FE model was developed, it was possible to carry out multiple simulations pursuing three main aims: to evaluate the effect of the variation of material properties on the slab stress state, to compare the maximum stresses for the interior and edge load conditions considering Westergaard’s Theory, the experimental data and the results of the numerical model, and to use the developed and calibrated model to formulate an alternative mathematical expression, which would allow calculating the stress in corner load conditions.
Challenges of Perceived Self‐Management in Lupus
Authors: Fortin Paul R. , Da Costa Deborah , Neville Carolyn , Julien Anne‐Sophie , Rahme Elham , Haroun Vinita , Singer Wendy , Nimigon‐Young Jodie , Morrison Anna‐Lisa , Eng Davy , Peschken Christine A. , Vinet Evelyne , Hudson Marie , Smith Doug , Matsos Mark , Pope Janet E. , Clarke Ann E. , Keeling Stephanie , Avina‐Zubieta J. Antonio , Rochon Murray
Published: December 2020

Objective

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disease with varied and unpredictable levels of disease activity. The ability to self‐manage lupus is important in controlling disease activity. Our objective was to determine levels of patient activation toward self‐management in lupus.

Methods

We used baseline results from the MyLupusGuide study, which had recruited 541 lupus patients from 10 lupus centers. We used the Patient Activation Measure (PAM), a validated self‐reported tool designed to measure activation toward self‐management ability, as our primary variable and examined its association with demographic, disease‐related, patient–provider communication and psychosocial variables captured in our study protocol. Univariable and multivariable linear regressions were performed using linear mixed models, with a random effect for centers.

Results

The mean ± SD age of participants was 50 ± 14 years, 93% were female, 74% were White, and the mean ± SD disease duration was 17 ± 12 years. The mean ± SD PAM score was 61.2 ± 13.5, with 36% of participants scoring in the 2 lower levels, indicating low activation. Variables associated with low activation included being single, having lower physical health status, lower self‐reported disease activity, lower self‐efficacy, use of more emotional coping and fewer distraction and instrumental coping strategies, and a perceived lack of clarity in patient–doctor communication.

Conclusion

Low patient activation was observed in more than one‐third of lupus patients, indicating that a large proportion of patients perceived that they are lacking in lupus self‐management skills. These results highlight a modifiable gap in perceived self‐management ability among patients with lupus.
Modeling coupled temperature and transport effects on biofilm growth using thermal lattice Boltzmann model
Authors: Delavar Mojtaba Aghajani , Wang Junye
Published: December 2020

This paper aims to develop an integrated thermal lattice Boltzmann model and cellular automata to investigate the effects of different temperatures and velocities on biofilm growth in a microbioreactor. Compared with previous studies this model accounted for direct effects of transient temperature on biofilm growth and indirect effects caused by changes of fluid properties. In addition, the algorithms have been improved on variations in solid boundary conditions, detachment and extra mass transport. Results showed that temperature affected both maximum biofilm concentration and growth rate. An increase of 10–75% in biofilm concentration was observed roughly due to increases in temperature. The time required to reach maximum concentration decreased from 30 days at a low temperature to 5 days at a high temperature. This demonstrates the capability of the present model to simulate biofilm behavior in the microbioreactor and its potential industrial and clinical applications.
Evaluating machine learning models for the fast identification of contingency cases
Authors: Schäfer Florian , Menke Jan‐Hendrik , Braun Martin
Published: December 2020

Fast approximations of power flow results are beneficial in power system planning and live operation. In planning, millions of power flow calculations are necessary if multiple years, different control strategies, or contingency policies are to be considered. In live operation, grid operators must assess if grid states comply with contingency requirements in a short time. In this paper, we compare regression and classification methods to either predict multivariable results, for example, bus voltage magnitudes and line loadings, or binary classifications of time steps to identify critical loading situations. We test the methods on three realistic power systems based on time series in 15 and 5 minutes resolution of 1 year. We compare different machine learning models, such as multilayer perceptrons (MLPs), decision trees, k‐nearest neighbors, gradient boosting, and evaluate the required training time and prediction times as well as the prediction errors. We additionally determine the amount of training data needed for each method and show results, including the approximation of untrained curtailment of generation. Regarding the compared methods, we identified the MLPs as most suitable for the task. The MLP‐based models can predict critical situations with an accuracy of 97% to 98% and a very low number of false negative predictions of 0.0% to 0.64%.
An online compendium of treatable genetic disorders
Authors: Bick David , Bick Sarah L. , Dimmock David P. , Fowler Tom A. , Caulfield Mark J. , Scott Richard H.
Published: December 2020

More than 4,000 genes have been associated with recognizable Mendelian/monogenic diseases. When faced with a new diagnosis of a rare genetic disorder, health care providers increasingly turn to internet resources for information to understand the disease and direct care. Unfortunately, it can be challenging to find information concerning treatment for rare diseases as key details are scattered across a number of authoritative websites and numerous journal articles. The website and associated mobile device application described in this article begin to address this challenge by providing a convenient, readily available starting point to find treatment information. The site, Rx-genes.com (https://www.rx-genes.com/), is focused on those conditions where the treatment is directed against the mechanism of the disease and thereby alters the natural history of the disease. The website currently contains 633 disease entries that include references to disease information and treatment guidance, a brief summary of treatments, the inheritance pattern, a disease frequency (if known), nonmolecular confirmatory testing (if available), and a link to experimental treatments. Existing entries are continuously updated, and new entries are added as novel treatments appear in the literature.
The Role of Metal Substitution in Tuning Anion Redox in Sodium Metal Layered Oxides Revealed by X‐Ray Spectroscopy and Theory
Authors: Abate Iwnetim , Kim Se Young , Pemmaraju C. Das , Toney Michael F. , Yang Wanli , Devereaux Thomas P. , Chueh William C. , Nazar Linda F.
Published: December 2020

We investigate high‐valent oxygen redox in the positive Na‐ion electrode P2‐Na0.67−x[Fe0.5Mn0.5]O2 (NMF) where Fe is partially substituted with Cu (P2‐Na0.67−x[Mn0.66Fe0.20Cu0.14]O2, NMFC) or Ni (P2‐Na0.67−x[Mn0.65Fe0.20Ni0.15]O2, NMFN). From combined analysis of resonant inelastic X‐ray scattering and X‐ray near‐edge structure with electrochemical voltage hysteresis and X‐ray pair distribution function profiles, we correlate structural disorder with high‐valent oxygen redox and its improvement by Ni or Cu substitution. Density of states calculations elaborate considerable anionic redox in NMF and NMFC without the widely accepted requirement of an A‐O‐A′ local configuration in the pristine materials (where A=Na and A′=Li, Mg, vacancy, etc.). We also show that the Jahn–Teller nature of Fe4+ and the stabilization mechanism of anionic redox could determine the extent of structural disorder in the materials. These findings shed light on the design principles in TM and anion redox for positive electrodes to improve the performance of Na‐ion batteries.
Ammonium‐Ion Storage Using Electrodeposited Manganese Oxides
Authors: Song Yu , Pan Qing , Lv Huizhen , Yang Duo , Qin Zengming , Zhang Ming‐Yue , Sun Xiaoqi , Liu Xiao‐Xia
Published: December 2020

NH4+ ions as charge carriers show potential for aqueous rechargeable batteries. Studied here for the first time is the NH4+‐storage chemistry using electrodeposited manganese oxide (MnOx). MnOx experiences morphology and phase transformations during charge/discharge in dilute ammonium acetate (NH4Ac) electrolyte. The NH4Ac concentration plays an important role in NH4+ storage for MnOx. The transformed MnOx with a layered structure delivers a high specific capacity (176 mAh g−1) at a current density of 0.5 A g−1, and exhibits good cycling stability over 10 000 cycles in 0.5 M NH4Ac, outperforming the state‐of‐the‐art NH4+ hosting materials. Experimental results suggest a solid‐solution behavior associated with NH4+ migration in layered MnOx. Spectroscopy studies and theoretical calculations show that the reversible NH4+ insertion/deinsertion is accompanied by hydrogen‐bond formation/breaking between NH4+ and the MnOx layers. These findings provide a new prototype (i.e., layered MnOx) for NH4+‐based energy storage and contributes to the fundamental understanding of the NH4+‐storage mechanism for metal oxides.
Tellur(II)/Tellur(III)‐katalysierte dehydrierende C‐N‐Bindungsbildung
Authors: Cremer Christopher , Goswami Monalisa , Rank Christian K. , de Bruin Bas , Patureau Frederic W.
Published: December 2020

Die in hohen Ausbeuten verlaufende, TeII/TeIII‐katalysierte dehydrierende C‐H‐Phenothiazinierung anspruchsvoller Phenole mit elektronenziehenden Substituenten unter milden, aeroben Bedingungen wird beschrieben. Diese unerwarteten TeII/TeIII‐radikalkatalytischen Eigenschaften wurden mithilfe von Cyclovoltammetrie, ESR‐Spektroskopie, kinetischen Experimenten und DFT‐Rechnungen untersucht.
An Efficient Photochemical Route Towards Triplet Ethynylphosphinidene, HCCP
Authors: Lawzer Arun‐Libertsen , Custer Thomas , Guillemin Jean‐Claude , Kołos Robert
Published: December 2020

While the archetypal free phosphinidene, H‐P, has been studied for over a century, reports on uncomplexed, univalent phosphorus compounds are very sparse. Here we demonstrate production of HCCP in solid argon through the UV‐induced rearrangement and subsequent dehydrogenation of phosphapropyne, CH3CP. Migration of H atoms along the CCP backbone of CH3CP resulted in production of the previously unobserved species 1‐phosphapropadiene, CH2=C=PH, followed by ethynylphosphine, HCCPH2.
Rational Fabrication of Crystalline Smart Materials for Rapid Detection and Efficient Removal of Ozone
Authors: Yan Dong , Wang Zhifang , Cheng Peng , Chen Yao , Zhang Zhenjie
Published: December 2020

Traditional ozone sensing and removal materials still suffer from high energy consumption and low efficiency. Thus, seeking new ozone‐responsive materials with high efficiency and broad working conditions is of great significance. Herein, we first developed covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for smart sensing and efficient removal of ozone. Notably, imine‐based COFs possess dramatically fast optical responses (<1 s) to ozone as low as 0.1 ppm under broad working conditions (e.g., in the presence or absence of moisture, room temperature). Moreover, we found that imine‐based COFs can also be applied as excellent ozone removers that can efficiently reduce the ozone concentration below the recommended safety limit (<0.1 ppm) for humans. The mechanism for the performance of imine‐based COFs was unveiled in‐depth by various characterization techniques and analyses. This study not only provides a new type of advanced materials for ozone sensing and removal but also broadens the application scope of COFs.
Structural Characterization of Two CO Molecules Bound to the Nitrogenase Active Site
Authors: Buscagan Trixia M. , Perez Kathryn A. , Maggiolo Ailiena O. , Rees Douglas C. , Spatzal Thomas
Published: December 2020

As an approach towards unraveling the nitrogenase mechanism, we have studied the binding of CO to the active‐site FeMo‐cofactor. CO is not only an inhibitor of nitrogenase, but it is also a substrate, undergoing reduction to hydrocarbons (Fischer–Tropsch‐type chemistry). The C−C bond forming capabilities of nitrogenase suggest that multiple CO or CO‐derived ligands bind to the active site. Herein, we report a crystal structure with two CO ligands coordinated to the FeMo‐cofactor of the molybdenum nitrogenase at 1.33 Å resolution. In addition to the previously observed bridging CO ligand between Fe2 and Fe6 of the FeMo‐cofactor, a new ligand binding mode is revealed through a second CO ligand coordinated terminally to Fe6. While the relevance of this state to nitrogenase‐catalyzed reactions remains to be established, it highlights the privileged roles for Fe2 and Fe6 in ligand binding, with multiple coordination modes available depending on the ligand and reaction conditions.
Boosting solubility performance of supercriticalCO2via ethanol toward fabrication of polyetherimide/carbon fiber composite foam with three‐dimensional geometry shape
Authors: Feng Dong , Liu Qi , Chen Shuo , Xie Yuhui , Hu Tianding
Published: December 2020

The demand for light‐weight, high‐performance polymeric foam material, and part soars to meet the requirements of the national economy and the high‐tech industries. Currently, foaming technologies are inadequate to fabricate these advanced materials. In this study, polyetherimide/carbon fiber (PEI/CF) foam was prepared by pressure‐induced batch foaming technology with the supercritical CO2(scCO2) and ethanol (EtOH) as the physical foaming agent and co‐foaming agent, respectively. The presence of EtOH was verified to enhance the solubility of scCO2and increase the interaction energies between PEI molecular chain and CO2/EtOH foaming agent, the expansion ratio of PEI pellets, as a result, was effectively improved from 1.3 to 7.5. Using the stainless mold‐assisted sinter molding, numerous PEI or PEI/CF pellets was simultaneously foamed and squeezed into three‐dimensional (3D) geometry shape. The cell morphology tests indicated that the CF, served as the nucleating agent, cannot only facilitate the formation of denser microcellular structure, but also improve the mechanical performance of the final foam product. As a model system, PEI/CF foam product with a density of 320 kg/m3was successfully obtained, the compression and tensile strength of which were 11.6 and 9.7 MPa, respectively, as proved by the mechanical performance measurements.
Tertiary‐amine‐terminated polybutadiene and butadiene acrylonitrile: Synthesis and application in the modification of epoxy resins
Authors: Gao Wentong , Cao Xiao , Chen Menghan , Chen Ke , Li Shuhang , Han Bing
Published: December 2020

Two tertiary‐amine‐terminated liquid rubbers (TATPB and TATBN) containing polybutadiene and butadiene acrylonitrile are successfully synthesized and used in the modification of epoxy networks. By taking advantage of the flexibility of rubbers, the toughness of epoxy resin has been significantly improved. The addition of 60 phr TATPB and TATBN increased the impact strength of epoxy resins from 12.2 to 59.8 and 92.0 KJ/m2, respectively. Meanwhile, due to the dual role of tertiary amine of TATPB and TATBN in catalysis and curing for epoxies, their Tg values shifted from 87.7 to 102.0 and 95.7°C, respectively. TATPB with a smaller polarity improves the toughness of the epoxy resin slightly less than TATBN with a larger polarity, but the former is more effective in increasing the Tg values. This study demonstrates a novel strategy to enhance the toughness of epoxy composites as well as improve the high temperature resistance by designing the end‐structure of toughening agents.
Polymeric nanoencapsulation of zaleplon into PLGA nanoparticles for enhanced pharmacokinetics and pharmacological activity
Authors: Haggag Yusuf A. , Abosalha Ahmed Kh. , Tambuwala Murtaza M. , Osman Enass Y. , El‐Gizawy Sanaa A. , Essa Ebtessam A. , Donia Ahmed A.
Published: December 2020

Zaleplon (ZP) is a sedative and hypnotic drug used for the treatment of insomnia. Despite its potent anticonvulsant activity, ZP is not commonly used for the treatment of convulsion since ZP is characterized by its low oral bioavailability as a result of poor solubility and extensive liver metabolism. The following study aimed to formulate specifically controlled release nano‐vehicles for oral and parenteral delivery of ZP to enhance its oral bioavailability and biological activity. A modified single emulsification–solvent evaporation method of sonication force was adopted to optimize the inclusion of ZP into biodegradable nanoparticles (NPs) using poly (dl‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA). The impacts of various formulation variables on the physicochemical characteristics of the ZP‐PLGA‐NPs and drug release profiles were investigated. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacological activity of ZP‐PLGA‐NPs were studied using experimental animals and were compared with generic ZP tablets. Assessment of gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) level in plasma after oral administration was conducted using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The maximal electroshock‐induced seizures model evaluated anticonvulsant activity after the parenteral administration of ZP‐loaded NPs. The prepared ZP‐PLGA NPs were negatively charged spherical particles with an average size of 120–300 nm. Optimized ZP‐PLGA NPs showed higher plasma GABA levels, longer sedative, hypnotic effects, and a 3.42‐fold augmentation in oral drug bioavailability in comparison to ZP‐marketed products. Moreover, parenteral administration of ZP‐NPs showed higher anticonvulsant activity compared to free drug. Oral administration of ZP‐PLGA NPs achieved a significant improvement in the drug bioavailability, and parenteral administration showed a pronounced anticonvulsant activity.
Fast thoughts and metacognitive feelings: The role of cognitive styles
Authors: Gambetti Elisa , Marinello Fabio , Zucchelli Micaela Maria , Nori Raffaella , Giusberti Fiorella
Published: December 2020

This study explores the features that characterize the rational or experiential thinking styles. Specifically, we examined whether these styles are linked to different response times, degrees of accuracy, and confidence in the solution of Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) problems, controlling for gender differences. Participants (N = 120) performed the Rational‐Experiential Multimodal Inventory, which measures the prevalent thinking style, and a modified version of the CRT designed to measure a person's tendency to override an incorrect intuitive response and engage in further reflection to find a correct answer. The results showed that higher preference for rationality was predictive of higher confidence as well as greater accuracy in solving CRT problems and shorter response times for incorrect answers. On the other hand, higher preference for experientiality was predictive of shorter response times and confidence for giving correct answers as well as lower accuracy in solving CRT problems. Moreover, confidence (higher in males than in females) fully mediated the relationship between thinking styles and performance in CRT problems. Collectively, these findings reveal pervasive differences between the two thinking styles at various levels of cognitive and metacognitive functioning and they were discussed considering the literature on dual‐process theories.
Intrasubject functional connectivity related to self‐generated thoughts
Authors: Brennan Daniel , Murrough James W. , Morris Laurel S.
Published: December 2020

Introduction

In psychiatric research, functional connectivity (FC) derived from resting‐state functional MRI (rsfMRI) is often used to investigate brain abnormalities in psychiatric disorders. This approach assumes implicitly that FC can recover reliable maps of the functional architecture of the brain and that these profiles of connectivity reflect trait differences underlying pathology. However, evidence of FC related to self‐generated thoughts (mind‐wandering) stands in contrast with these assumptions, as FC may reflect thought patterns rather than functional architecture.

Methods

Multi‐factor analysis (MFA) was used to investigate the reported content of self‐generated thoughts during high‐field (7T) rsfMRI in a repeated sample of 22 healthy individuals. To investigate the relationship between these experiences and FC, individual scores for each of these dimensions were compared with whole‐brain connectivity using the network‐based statistic (NBS) method.

Results

This analysis revealed three dimensions of thought content: self‐referential thought, negative thoughts about one's surroundings, and thoughts in the form of imagery. A network of connections within the sensorimotor cortices negatively correlated with self‐generated thoughts concerning the self was observed (p = .0081, .0486 FDR).

Conclusion

These results suggest a potentially confounding relationship between self‐generated thoughts and FC, and contribute to the body of research concerning the functional representation of mind‐wandering.
A systematic literature review to integrate lean, agile, resilient, green and sustainable paradigms in the supply chain management
Authors: Sharma Vikash , Raut Rakesh D. , Mangla Sachin Kumar , Narkhede Balkrishna E. , Luthra Sunil , Gokhale Ravindra
Published: December 2020

The main focus of this study is to conduct a systematic literature review to integrate lean, agile, resilient, green and sustainable (LARGS) paradigms in the supply chain (SC) domain. To achieve this aim, several research questions were designed: First, how to locate LARGS research in context of SC domain? For this, it is important to understand which types of research articles should be selected for the study? Further, where such studies were conducted (geographical location)? Second, what is the focus of research in LARGS paradigm in SCs? For this, it is important to study, which types of industries or sectors have been targeted in literature? In addition, which tools and techniques have been used mostly? Third, what are the current trends in the relationships of LARGS paradigms, among themselves, and with SC performance measures? Fourth, what are the emerging issues, unexplored areas in this field, based on these what could be future research avenues in this subject domain have been proposed? A total of 160 relevant articles published during 1999–2019 were used for analysis. Based on analysis, findings are summarised, and main research issues and possible future research directions in LARGS paradigms in SCs are highlighted.
Modeling of Slurry Bubble‐Column Reactors with Emphasis on the Importance of Bubble Size Estimation
Authors: Dorostkar Elham , Khademi Mohammad Hasan , Rahimi Amir
Published: December 2020

A mathematical model entitled varying‐bubble model (V‐BM) was adapted to simulate a slurry bubble‐column reactor, operating in a churn‐turbulent regime, based on an axial‐dispersion model. This model was theoretically able to estimate the size of forming bubbles at the sparger, variations of each chemical species and catalyst concentration, pressure drop in both gas and liquid phases, change in size and rising velocity of bubbles, as well as gas holdup and specific gas‐liquid interfacial area along the reactor axis. A comparison between the V‐BM and single‐bubble model (S‐BM) indicates that the V‐BM is better compatible with the experimental data. The results demonstrate that the contribution of mass transfer is much more than the pressure drop in increasing the size of the bubble along the reactor.
Power Consumption Prediction in a Viscous Liquid in Mechanically Agitated Gas‐Liquid Reactors
Authors: Kracík Tomáš , Moucha Tomáš , Petříček Radim
Published: December 2020

Mixing is one of the crucial unit operations adopted in various chemical, biochemical, and food processes. Power consumption plays a key role in the proper design and scale‐up of mixing apparatuses. The actual research goal is to establish suitable correlations for power consumption prediction in different types of liquid batches based on the broad experimental dataset. This work, broadening the database just being built, aims at the description of the effect of impeller type, gas superficial velocity, impeller diameter/tank diameter ratio, tank diameter, and impeller rotational frequency in the slightly viscous batch.
Experimental determination of gas diffusivity in liquids—A review
Authors: Upreti Simant R. , Mehrotra Anil K.
Published: December 2020

Unit operations and processes abound with gas diffusion in liquids, which is a sophisticated phenomenon in which mass transfer is characterized by diffusion coefficient or diffusivity. Compared to diffusion in gas phase, the closely packed liquid molecules strongly influence diffusive mass transfer to the extent that it is impossible to have a general theory for a reasonably accurate estimation of diffusivity in liquids. This situation is further compounded by the fact that diffusivity cannot be measured directly but can only be estimated indirectly with the help of a number of observable properties (eg, mass, volume, pressure, etc). This fact gives rise to a myriad of experimental methods for the determination of gas diffusivity in liquids. These methods report gas diffusivities over widely varying ranges of temperature, pressure, and liquid composition. To provide a state‐of‐the‐art knowledge base for such methods is the objective of this work. The focus is on gas diffusion in binary gas‐liquid systems. Starting with necessary theoretical foundations, we provide a systematic categorization of these methods based on the property change utilized for diffusivity determination. The methods are then concisely described, and the diffusivity data are summarized for over 160 gas‐liquid systems at different temperature and pressure conditions. Empirical correlations are provided for different gas‐liquid systems, which could be used for interpolating gas diffusivity as a function of temperature, pressure, and composition.
Improving communication in pediatric oncology: An interdisciplinary path forward
Authors: Sisk Bryan A.
Published: December 2020

Many communication deficiencies persist in pediatric oncology, but few interventions exist. With interdisciplinary collaboration, early stakeholder engagement, and rigorous methodology, this field can shift from characterizing problems to fixing them.
Perceptions of patients with early stage breast cancer toward research biopsies
Authors: Seah Davinia S. , Leone Jose Pablo , Openshaw Thomas H. , Scott Sarah M. , Tayob Nabihah , Hu Jiani , Lederman Ruth I. , Frank Elizabeth S. , Sohl Jessica J. , Stadler Zsofia K. , Erick Timothy K. , Silverman Stuart G. , Peppercorn Jeffrey M. , Winer Eric P. , Come Steven E. , Lin Nancy U.
Published: December 2020

Background

The objective of this study was to describe the perspective of patients with early breast cancer toward research biopsies. The authors hypothesized that more patients at academic sites than at community‐based sites would be willing to consider these procedures.

Methods

In total, 198 patients with early stage breast cancer were recruited from 3 academic centers (n = 102) and from 1 community oncology practice (n = 96). The primary objective was to compare the proportion of patients willing to consider donating excess tissue biospecimens from surgery, from a clinically indicated breast biopsy, or from a research purposes‐only biopsy (RPOB) between practice types.

Results

Most patients (93% at academic sites, 94% at the community oncology site) said they would consider donating excess tissue from surgery for research. One‐half of patients from academic or community sites would consider donating tissue from a clinically indicated breast biopsy. On univariate analysis, significantly fewer patients from academic sites would consider an RPOB (22% at academic sites, 42% at the community site; P = .003); however, this difference was no longer significant on multivariate analysis (P = .96). Longer transportation times and unfavorable prior experiences were associated with less willingness to consider an RPOB on multivariate analysis. Significantly fewer patients from academic sites (14%) than from the community site (35%) would consider a research biopsy in a clinical trial (P = .04). Contributing to scientific knowledge, return of results, and a personal request by their physician were the strongest factors influencing patients' willingness to undergo research biopsies.

Conclusions

The current results rejected the hypothesis that more patients with early breast cancer at academic sites would be willing to donate tissue biospecimens for research compared with those at community oncology sites. These findings identify modifiable factors to consider in biobanking studies and clinical trials.
De Novo Protein Design Using the Blueprint Builder in Rosetta
Authors: An Linna , Lee Gyu Rie
Published: December 2020

While native proteins cover diverse structural spaces and achieve various biological events, not many of them can directly serve human needs. One reason is that the native proteins usually contain idiosyncrasies evolved for their native functions but disfavoring engineering requirements. To overcome this issue, one strategy is to create de novo proteins which are designed to possess improved stability, high environmental tolerance, and enhanced engineering potential. Compared to other protein engineering strategies, in silico design of de novo proteins has significantly expanded the protein structural and sequence spaces, reduced wet lab workload, and incorporated engineered features in a guided and efficient manner. In the Baker laboratory we have been applying a design pipeline that uses the blueprint builder to design different folds of de novo proteins, and have successfully obtained libraries of de novo proteins with improved stability and engineering potential. In this article, we will use the design of de novo β‐barrel proteins as an example to describe the principles and basic procedures of the blueprint builder−based design pipeline. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: The construction of blueprints

Alternate Protocol: Build blueprints based on existing protein .pdb files

Basic Protocol 2: De novo protein design pipeline using the blueprint builder
Impact of Acute Inflammation on Cytochromes P450 Activity Assessed by the Geneva Cocktail
Authors: Lenoir Camille , Daali Youssef , Rollason Victoria , Curtin François , Gloor Yvonne , Bosilkovska Marija , Walder Bernhard , Gabay Cem , Nissen Michael John , Desmeules Jules Alexandre , Hannouche Didier , Samer Caroline Flora
Published: December 2020

Cytochromes P450 (CYP) are subject to important interindividual variability in their activity due to genetic and environmental factors and some diseases. Limited human data support the idea that inflammation downregulates CYP activities. Our study aimed to evaluate the impact of orthopedic surgery (acute inflammation model) on the activity of six human CYP. This prospective observational study was conducted in 30 patients who underwent elective hip surgery at the Geneva University Hospitals in Switzerland. The Geneva phenotyping cocktail containing caffeine, bupropion, flurbiprofen, omeprazole, dextromethorphan, and midazolam as probe drugs respectively assessing CYP1A2, 2B6, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A activities was administered orally before surgery, day 1 (D1) and 3 (D3) postsurgery and at discharge. Capillary blood samples were collected 2 hours after cocktail intake to assess metabolic ratios (MRs). Serum inflammatory markers (CRP, IL‐6, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and IFN‐γ) were also measured in blood. CYP1A2 MRs decreased by 53% (P < 0.0001) between baseline and the nadir at D1. CYP2C19 and CYP3A activities (MRs) decreased by 57% (P = 0.0002) and 61% (P < 0.0001), respectively, with the nadir at D3. CYP2B6 and CYP2C9 MRs increased by 120% (P < 0.0001) and 79% (P = 0.018), respectively, and peaked at D1. Surgery did not have a significant impact on CYP2D6 MR. Hip surgery was a good acute inflammation model as CRP, IL‐6, and TNF‐α peak levels were reached between D1 and day 2 (D2). Acute inflammation modulated CYP activity in an isoform‐specific manner, with different magnitudes and kinetics. Acute inflammation may thus have a clinically relevant impact on the pharmacokinetics of these CYP substrates.
Upgrading of Bio‐Oil Model Compounds and Bio‐Crude into Biofuel by Electrocatalysis: A Review
Authors: Chen Guanyi , Liang Lan , Li Ning , Lu Xukai , Yan Beibei , Cheng Zhanjun
Published: December 2020

Limited availability of fossil energy and serious environmental pollution have caused the emergence of bio‐oil, which can serve as an alternative and promising green energy source. However, bio‐oil generated from the rapid pyrolysis of biomass cannot be utilized immediately owing to its corrosivity, instability, and low heating value. Herein, the electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) process towards bio‐oil upgrading is reviewed. Specifically, the ECH integrates the advantages of mild operating conditions, no petrochemically derived hydrogen and good controllability. The influence of different factors on the conversion of bio‐oil components and product selectivity in the ECH process are presented comprehensively. In addition, various reaction mechanisms are discussed in the designed ECH systems. Finally, some challenges need to be further overcome for real bio‐oil reduction in the ECH process: exploration of efficient multifunctional electrocatalysts for specific bio‐oil components and determination of the dominant steps in the complicated reaction path network.
Origins and diversity of macrophages in health and disease
Authors: Sreejit Gopalkrishna , Fleetwood Andrew J , Murphy Andrew J , Nagareddy Prabhakara R
Published: December 2020

Macrophages are the first immune cells in the developing embryo and have a central role in organ development, homeostasis, immunity and repair. Over the last century, our understanding of these cells has evolved from being thought of as simple phagocytic cells to master regulators involved in governing a myriad of cellular processes. A better appreciation of macrophage biology has been matched with a clearer understanding of their diverse origins and the flexibility of their metabolic and transcriptional machinery. The understanding of the classical mononuclear phagocyte system in its original form has now been expanded to include the embryonic origin of tissue‐resident macrophages. A better knowledge of the intrinsic similarities and differences between macrophages of embryonic or monocyte origin has highlighted the importance of ontogeny in macrophage dysfunction in disease. In this review, we provide an update on origin and classification of tissue macrophages, the mechanisms of macrophage specialisation and their role in health and disease. The importance of the macrophage niche in providing trophic factors and a specialised environment for macrophage differentiation and specialisation is also discussed.
Ab initio spillover compensation in mass cytometry data
Authors: Miao Qi , Wang Fang , Dou Jinzhuang , Iqbal Ramiz , Muftuoglu Muharrem , Basar Rafet , Li Li , Rezvani Katy , Chen Ken
Published: December 2020

Signal intensity measured in a mass cytometry (CyTOF) channel can often be affected by the neighboring channels due to technological limitations. Such signal artifacts are known as spillover effects and can substantially limit the accuracy of cell population clustering. Current approaches reduce these effects by using additional beads for normalization purposes known as single‐stained controls. While effective in compensating for spillover effects, incorporating single‐stained controls can be costly and require customized panel design. This is especially evident when executing large‐scale immune profiling studies. We present a novel statistical method, named CytoSpill that independently quantifies and compensates the spillover effects in CyTOF data without requiring the use of single‐stained controls. Our method utilizes knowledge‐guided modeling and statistical techniques, such as finite mixture modeling and sequential quadratic programming, to achieve optimal error correction. We evaluated our method using five publicly available CyTOF datasets obtained from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), C57BL/6J mouse bone marrow, healthy human bone marrow, chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient, and healthy human cord blood samples. In the PBMCs with known ground truth, our method achieved comparable results to experiments that incorporated single‐stained controls. In datasets without ground‐truth, our method not only reduced spillover on likely affected markers, but also led to the discovery of potentially novel subpopulations expressing functionally meaningful, cluster‐specific markers. CytoSpill (developed in R) will greatly enhance the execution of large‐scale cellular profiling of tumor immune microenvironment, development of novel immunotherapy, and the discovery of immune‐specific biomarkers. The implementation of our method can be found at https://github.com/KChen-lab/CytoSpill.git.
Silver‐Catalyzed [3+1+1] Annulation of Nitrones with Isocyanoacetates as an Approach to 1,4,5‐Trisubstituted Imidazoles
Authors: Lv Lanlan , Chen Yan , Shatskiy Andrey , Liu Jian‐Quan , Liu Xiaoyi , Kärkäs Markus D. , Wang Xiang‐Shan
Published: December 2020

A silver‐catalyzed protocol for [3+1+1] annulation of nitrones and isocyanoacetates is reported. The reaction is proposed to proceed through sequential [3+2] cycloaddition, ring‐opening, cyclization‐oxidation, and dealkylation, allowing access to a broad scope of valuable polysubstituted imidazoles in high yields.