bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surgical treatment of acute cholecystitis in obese patients
Authors: Kebkalo Andrey , Tkachuk Olha , Reyti Andrian , Chanturidze Archil , Pashunskyi Yaroslav
Published: October 2020

Introduction: In today’s technological climate, science and medicine have entered a new era. At the level of technological progress, we have identified millennia of “new” problems and diseases. If earlier diseases had a certain individuality then, in the third millennium, we face compliance and synergistic influence of diseases. Obesity is a problem of the third millennium. It is known that obesity is the main factor in the development of various chronic diseases [1–3]. With excess weight and obesity, bile is oversaturated with cholesterol, resulting in an increase of its lipogenicity index. As a result, frequency of gallstone disease increases; findings from this study document an increase of disease frequency as high as 50% to 60% [4]. In 20% of patients, housing concerns are combined with obesity [5]. Thus, obesity is one of the factors in the development of cholelithiasis and cholecystitis [6]. The presence of acute cholecystitis represents the most difficult situation for patients with gallstones. When obesity is also present, the patient’s risk of surgical complications increases due to altered homeostasis and reduced reserve capacity [7]. A retrospective study of this issue [8] posed a number of questions about the possibility of influencing the course of disease in the preoperative period as well as the improvement and impact of surgical technicalities in patients with acute cholecystitis and obesity. Addressing these and additional questions is the main goal of this study.
Aim: The aim of the study was to study and select the optimal method of surgery in patients with acute cholecystitis and obesity.
Materials and methods: In our study, a prospective analysis was used. We analyzed 67 cases with diagnosis of acute cholecystitis and obesity; all were treated at Kyiv Regional Clinical Hospital in the period from September 2018 to March 2020. Patients with acute cholecystitis and obesity received either traditional or modified laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Results: Retrospective analysis indicates traditional laparoscopic cholecystectomy is technically difficult and costly in patients with acute cholecystitis and obesity. A modified laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been proposed to improve and enhance surgery in patients with acute cholecystitis and obesity. Surgical duration was shortened by 9.01 ± 0.41 minutes (p = 0.001; αα= 0.05) when a modified laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed.
Conclusions: Performing a modified laparoscopic cholecystectomy reduced the duration of surgery by 9.01 ± 0.41 minutes (p = 0.001; α = 0.05), prevents development of metabolic acidosis pH 7.39 ± 0.03 vs 7.30 ± 0.005 = 0.001; αα= 0.05, pCO2 5.05 ± 0.36 vs 6.03 ± 0.38 (p = 0.02; αα= 0.05), reducing the risk of hypercoagulation. Modified laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LHE) is effective in II and III degrees of obesity (p = 0.001; α = 0.05).
Implementation of extended prolonged venous thromboembolism prophylaxis with rivaroxaban after major abdominal and pelvic surgery safety and early outcomes.
Authors: Tyselskyi Volodymyr , Poylin Vitaliy , Wong Daniel , Tryliskyy Yegor , Kebkalo Andrey
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) after colorectal surgery is a well-documented complication, resulting in a general recommendation of extended post discharge prophylaxis. Rivaroxaban, a factor Xa inhibitor, is a daily tablet approved for treatment of VTE and prophylaxis after orthopedic surgery. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety of rivaroxaban for extended prophylaxis after major abdominal and pelvic surgery.
Methods:
This is a retrospective review of patients undergoing major colorectal surgery at a regional hospital in Kiev, Ukraine. Patients received peri-operative VTE prophylaxis with subcutaneous heparin and then transitioned to rivaroxaban for a total of 30 days. Occurrences of major or minor bleeding, blood transfusion, and a need for re-intervention were noted. Phone surveys were administered on post-operative day 30 to assess compliance and satisfaction with the regimen.

Results
A total of 51 patients were included in the study with an average age of 62.4 years old. Seventy-one percent of the cases were abdominal cases, 29% were pelvic cases and 59% were done laparoscopically. There was one episode of major intra-abdominal bleeding requiring return to the operating room. There were 2 minor bleeding episodes not requiring intervention. There were no VTE events in the group. The phone survey response rate was 100%. All but one patient reported completing the full course of rivaroxaban. Patients reported that oral prophylaxis was easy to adhere to and preferable compared to injections.
Conclusion
Implementation of extended prophylaxis with rivaroxaban is easy, safe and does not increase rates of post-operative bleeding.
Advantages of using composite alloys for internal combustion engine pistons
Authors: Kowalski Mirosław , Jankowski Antoni
Published: October 2020

Combustion engine pistons are subject to variable mechanical and thermal loads, and to variable deformations. The article presents the possibilities of using novel composite alloys for the construction of pistons for combustion engines. The novel alloys make it possible to meet high demands, especially for highly load designs, which practically cannot be met by conventional alloys used so far. These high requirements relate to the weight of the pistons, high temperature strength, alloy crystalline structure, abrasive wear resistance, dimensional stability. The requirements for pistons have an impact on the durability of the engine's operation, the level of noise emissions; exhaust gas blow-by into the crankcase, the level of emitted toxic exhaust components, mainly hydrocarbons. The research covered metallography (chemical composition, microstructure), material strength, abrasive wear, and thermal expansion. Investigations of the alloy crystallization process during casting were carried out using the Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) method. The castings were used for metallographic tests. The strength of the samples was tested at room temperature (20° C) and elevated temperature (up to 350° C) on a testing machine equipped with a special climatic chamber. In particular, the article presents Thermal Derivative Analysis curves and representative microstructures of conventional AlSi12 alloy and the novel composite alloy; dependence of the tensile strength versus temperature for the samples of the novel alloy with various nickel content 2% and 4 %; comparison of the tensile strength for conventional alloy and the novel alloy at ambient and 250° C temperature; comparison of abrasive wear of samples, made of novel aluminium alloy and different cast iron; course of the linear expansion coefficient versus temperature for the conventional AlSi12 alloy with incorrect heat treatment; course of the linear expansion coefficient versus temperature for one of tested silumin alloy which expansion coefficient during sample cooling is smaller than during sample heating; course of the linear expansion coefficient versus temperature for the novel composite silumin alloy, after correct heat treatment. The great benefits of using this novel alloy and the introduction of novel alloying elements (in-Situ) have been confirmed in engine research.
Mixed applied survey methodology for planning/enforcement of urban logistics delivery bays– An application to the Moroccan context
Authors: Moufad Imane , Jawab Fouad
Published: October 2020

Roads and parking areas represent a place of conflict between freight vehicles and other urban activities, especially on mixed residential and commercial streets. This conflict results in traffic congestion, illegal parking, pollution and road safety problems. The challenge is to allocate public space between the right operating activities, parking activities, public transport and so on. To address that, urban logistics delivery bays, also known as loading/unloading (L/U) zones, have become a real solution to facilitate the delivery and pick-up operations of urban freight vehicles, ensure accessibility for delivery drivers, reduce congestion and improve road safety. Therefore, this paper reports on planning and enforcement of urban delivery bays needs. It is part of the urban freight transport (UFT) surveys. This involves consolidating with new contribution the development, implementation and statistical analysis of a survey in order to quantify the need of delivery areas. Compared to the existing literature, this paper presents a mixed applied methodology which is divided into two parts : “Exploratory survey” and “Establishment-vehicle observation” survey. These two surveys techniques were conducted to offer an overview of the freight vehicle delivery and pick-up frequency according to the daytime and weekdays and the operations related to the loading/unloading activities. This makes it possible to estimate the delivery bays requirement in the study area. The findings from a methodological and practical angle are illustrated through a real case study in a commercial street in Morocco. The findings suggest that 60% of deliveries are made between 8:00 A.M and 12 A.M, and the movements generated by each establishment are 257 movements. For this, the study zone requires the development of three loading/unloading (L/U) bays. The main contribution is to propose an approach that urban authorities can use to estimate urban delivery areas efficiently and thus allow simple replication of the proposed framework in other cities.
Irilen på Øverby i Vingulmark
Authors: Iversen Frode , Kjesrud Karoline , Bjorvand Harald , Kimball Justin J. L. , Gundersen Sigrid Mannsåker
Published: October 2020

The iril at Øverby in Vingulmark This article presents the first interpretation of a 5th century proto-Norse runic inscription discovered in 2017 at Øverby, Østfold, Norway: "Cut runes in, skilled iril, for Isni”. The meaning of the word iril is discussed in light of the ten other proto-Norse inscriptions in Scandinavia where irils are mentioned. Through analysis of the language, history, archaeology and landscape context of all the iril inscriptions, we argue that the iril in the Roman and Migration period was a military leader, an earl, subordinate to a King. The iril at Øverby was Earl in the medieval shire of Vingulmark. The Earls in this period were located in strategic places in the outskirts of larger habitation areas close to the shire borders. The findings are set in context with among other Danish bog offering sites. We consider the iril a military leader for major warrior groups that fought in Scandinavia and on the continent 1500–1800 years ago.
BREVE PERCURSO HISTÓRICO ACERCA DA TRANSEXUALIDADE
Authors: Marcos Cristina Moreira , Moreira Euza Aparecida da Silva
Published: October 2020

Este estudo pretendeu investigar o fenômeno da transexualidade, por meio de registros históricos sobre as manifestações da sexualidade em diferentes épocas e como estas eram explicadas de forma naturalista. Intentamos estudar como eram concebidos o sexo e o gênero nos séculos XV a XIX, e como os discursos científicos vieram, por sua vez, ordenar e especificar o que era próprio ao masculino e ao feminino. Pretendemos averiguar como o aperfeiçoamento das técnicas cirúrgicas e hormonais contribuíram para elevar a transexualidade à categoria de fenômeno social. Apresentamos os estudos Queer com o intuito de compreendermos como se entende a constituição das identidades dentro de uma determinada estrutura social. Discutimos também o posicionamento de Judith Butler em relação aos constructos sexo e gênero fundados nas categorias binárias. Por fim, demonstramos de que modo o conceito de gênero foi introduzido e abordado na psicanálise pelo psicanalista/psiquiatra Robert Stoller.

Palavras-chave: Transexualidade. Sexualidade. Teoria Queer. Robert Stoller.
APOIO MATRICIAL DO NASF: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DE LITERATURA
Authors: Araújo Cristiane Belo de , Ferreira Neto João Leite
Published: October 2020

Este trabalho de revisão de literatura tem o objetivo de verificar como o apoio matricial tem sido descrito, no âmbito nacional, por pesquisas empíricas que envolvem os Núcleos de Apoio a Saúde da Família (NASF) e as Equipes de Saúde da Família (EqSF). Processou-se a revisão sistemática de literatura com a busca de artigos na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde/Brasil, entre outubro de 2016 e maio de 2017. Foram selecionadas doze pesquisas, com data de publicação entre 2013 e 2017, que trabalharam com dados empíricos no conteúdo. Evidenciou-se um NASF cercado por muitos desafios e entraves, tais como o grande número de EqSF para referenciar; a dificuldade na integração com as equipes de referência; a fragilidade dos vínculos de trabalho; e a carência de recursos materiais e humanos. O que se pode concluir é que existem modos plurais de apoio matricial, transpondo o que está prescrito no plano conceitual.

Palavras-chave: NASF. EqSF. Apoio matricial. Revisão sistemática de literatura.
A PESQUISA-INTERVENÇÃO COMO FORMA DE INSERÇÃO SOCIAL EM CONTEXTOS DE DESIGUALDADE: ARTE E IMAGINAÇÃO NA ESCOLA
Authors: Souza Vera Lucia Trevisan de
Published: October 2020

O presente artigo, de natureza teórico-reflexiva, tem como proposta refletir sobre a inserção social da pós-graduação em psicologia em contextos de desigualdade. Seu objetivo é partilhar conhecimento e refletir sobre os contextos de desigualdade em que vivem muitos brasileiros, sobretudo aqueles das periferias de grandes cidades, e seu impacto no desenvolvimento dos sujeitos. Defende-se a educação escolarizada como promotora do desenvolvimento das funções psicológicas superiores e, logo, da imaginação e do desenvolvimento humano, como possibilidade de superação das condições materiais de vida de adolescentes em situação precária de vida.  O texto se encerra com a apresentação de uma experiência desenvolvida com adolescentes pela via da arte, que mobilizou a expressão dos afetos e a reflexão, investiu-se nas significações construídas nos espaços intersubjetivos, em que concorrem os processos imaginativos e afetivos, favorecendo a potência de ação e a produção de novos horizontes.

Palavras-chave: pesquisa-intervenção; desigualdade; educação escolar; desenvolvimento humano; arte
PSICOLOGIA E A DESIGUALDADE SOCIAL NA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR: AS ARTIMANHAS DE (RE)PRODUÇÕES SÓCIO-HISTÓRICAS
Authors: Gomes Lucélia Maria Lima da Silva , Oliveira Adélia Augusta Souto de
Published: October 2020

A abordagem da permanência do estudante em situação de desigualdade social na educação superior associa-se às ações vinculadas aos programas para a redução dos índices de retenção e evasão.  Essas ações se fundamentam no Programa Nacional de Assistência Estudantil e partem dos setores de assistência estudantil das Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior, que possuem em sua composição profissionais da área de Psicologia. Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, a partir dos pressupostos da Psicologia Sócio-histórica, de caráter documental, sobre as ações desenvolvidas pela Psicologia nos contextos da assistência estudantil no Nordeste brasileiro. Para tanto, analisou-se 23 documentos provenientes dos sites institucionais da assistência estudantil de nove instituições. Os resultados indicaram que a Psicologia na Assistência estudantil é direcionada para uma atenção à saúde do estudante; prevalece uma concepção clínica da Psicologia Escolar e Educacional; ações inovadoras são coletivas e perspectivam o desempenho acadêmico e desenvolvimento psicossocial nos diversos âmbitos da vivência universitária.

Palavras-chave: Psicologia escolar; desigualdade; assistência estudantil; atuação profissional
SUBJETIVAÇÃO POLÍTICA E AUMENTO DA POTÊNCIA DE AÇÃO: QUEM SÃO OS USUÁRIOS DOS CRAS?
Authors: Maheirie Kátia , Gomes Marcela de Andrade , Tonial Felipe , Minchoni Tatiana , Arndt Andressa Dias , Corrêa Bruna
Published: October 2020

Este artigo é parte de uma pesquisa mais ampla, cujo objetivo geral foi identificar os discursos sobre as práticas de trabalho das equipes nos Centro de Referência em Assistência Social (CRAS) em diferentes municípios do Brasil, buscando problematizar os avanços no que se refere à promoção de experiências coletivas naquele contexto. Neste artigo, focamos no material de dois municípios da região sul do país, no que diz respeito a quem é o usuário na perspectiva dos trabalhadores da assistência social, por meio de entrevistas coletivas com cada equipe, em cada equipamento. A partir da psicologia sócio-histórica e das ideias de Jacques Rancière, analisamos os discursos, construímos cenas como material de pesquisa e com elas dialogamos categorias analíticas. Os resultados trouxeram duas categorias: a experiência da subjetivação política e a potência dos usuários da assistência social, apontando possibilidades para promoção da cidadania nos fazeres psicossociais.

Palavras-chave: subjetivação política; usuários da assistência social; identidade
EXPERIÊNCIA E (DES)IDENTIFICAÇÃO NO ENFRENTAMENTO DE DESIGUALDADES E PRECONCEITOS NA PERCEPÇÃO DOS AGENTES COMUNITÁRIOS DE SAÚDE
Authors: Machado Frederico Viana , Teixeira Luciana Barcellos , Possa Lisiane Boêr
Published: October 2020

Este artigo discute tematizações sobre o preconceito no discurso de trabalhadores da saúde que cursaram o Projeto Caminhos do Cuidado, identificando efeitos que colaboraram para a superação destas relações com relação a usuários de álcool e outras drogas. Utilizamos metodologia qualitativa, com análise de conteúdo. A análise se baseou em dados provenientes de 78 rodas de conversa e 39 registros etnográficos, ocorridas nas 27 Unidades Federativas do Brasil. Os dados descrevem movimentos reflexivos dos trabalhadores que possibilitaram o enquadramento de relações identitárias para além de crivos morais e da essencialização dos sujeitos. Nossos resultados apontam a importância da experiência para a desconstrução de estereótipos e preconceitos, por produzir processos de desidentificação necessários para a superação de preconceitos. Destaca-se a importância do Agente Comunitário de Saúde, como o profissional estratégico para o trabalho com a temática do preconceito nos territórios.

Palavras-chave: Desigualdade; Preconceito; Atenção Básica; Intervenção Psicossocial; Agentes Comunitários de Saúde;
O Estudo da Fragilidade Potencial e Emergente na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio das Antas, Noroeste do Paraná
Authors: Periçato André Jesus , Souza Marta Luzia de
Published: October 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo identificar os níveis de fragilidade ambiental para a bacia hidrográfica do rio das Antas. A bacia localiza-se na porção noroeste do Estado do Paraná. Para tanto, os procedimentos metodológicos se pautaram na análise da relação declividade-solo-uso e ocupação da terra. Com o propósito de se obter a fragilidade potencial, foi realizada o cruzamento entre o mapa de solos com os dados de declividade. Para a obtenção da fragilidade emergente, foi realizada a combinação do mapa de fragilidade potencial com a carta de uso e ocupação da terra. Os resultados demonstraram que, inicialmente a bacia hidrográfica apresentou (82 %) de fragilidade potencial moderada, associado principalmente às condições do solo. Contudo, ao aplicar a combinação do uso e ocupação da terra, os valores de fragilidade para área de estudo ficaram entre 25% para a classe moderada e 56% com grau fraco. Evidencia-se que embora em um primeiro momento a bacia tenha demonstrado predominância da fragilidade potencial, ao unir as informações quanto as formas de uso e ocupação, nota-se que há redução nos valores de fragilidade, passando predominar a classe fraca, destacando a importância em diagnosticar as principais vulnerabilidades da área de estudo.
O Estado da Arte das Pesquisas em Ensino de Geografia Publicadas em Periódicos Nacionais: perspectivas e tendências
Authors: Fonseca Ricardo Lopes
Published: October 2020

Neste artigo é apresentado o Estado da Arte das pesquisas em ensino de Geografia a partir da análise dos artigos publicados em periódicos nacionais, considerando toda a série histórica disponível de forma on line até o ano de 2016. O objetivo é investigar, a partir das publicações de artigos em periódicos nacionais on line, toda a série histórica destas publicações, possibilitando inferir acerca das perspectivas e das tendências das pesquisas no ensino de Geografia. As tabelas, gráficos e mapas estão inseridos para proporcionar ao leitor uma noção dos temas das pesquisas produzidas e sua espacialização no território nacional. Encontraram-se 1.458 artigos nesta temática, em 187 periódicos avaliados na área de Geografia, considerando-se o Qualis Periódicos quadriênio 2013-2016. Os resultados estão discutidos em dois momentos, o primeiro como um perfil quantitativo e o segundo a partir do tratamento qualitativo, por meio do método de Análise de Conteúdo, de Bardin (1977; 2011). Destacam-se categorias: políticas educacionais, processos de ensino e de aprendizagem, conteúdos da Geografia, ciência geográfica, formação de professores e sujeitos da educação. Por fim, por ser atividade árdua e complexa, o Estado da Arte desenvolve uma ação bastante difícil, especialmente em razão de sua retidão criteriosa e reflexiva, facilitando sempre o crescimento de estudos inovadores, visando ao aprimoramento dos conhecimentos do cidadão.
Estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem de escala cartográfica linear junto aos estudantes de Geografia da UFAL
Authors: Andrade Umbelino Oliveira de , De Biasi Mario
Published: October 2020

Parte significativa dos alunos de Geografia do IGDEMA/UFAL apresenta dificuldades na aprendizagem de escala cartográfica. Então lançou-se mão do desenvolvimento e implementação de alternativas de ensino-aprendizagem para essa superação junto a alunos do segundo período de 2013. Voltando-se ao socioconstrutivismo, aplicou-se o método de aula expositiva, considerando que o aprendizado ocorre com reconstrução interna de “instrumentos” e “signos” intermediado pelo professor. E também com base na andragogia, que considera o professor como facilitador da “aprendizagem útil” em prol da autonomia e da interação dos aprendizes com o seu ambiente de aprendizado, duas ações foram articuladas: a conscientização consistiu em expor que escala cartográfica tem importância específica, não sendo mera aritmética e sem clareza para a formação profissional; e a motivação envolveu a exposição da importância desse conteúdo respaldada em fundamentos legal, técnico e geográfico para sensibilizá-los também a se apossar afirmativamente de tal competência. Este processo envolveu as fases de avaliação prévia (exposição e prática de revisão) e avaliação definitiva (diálogos, exposições e práticas mais concentradas). No teste estatístico, após isso, para 1 grau de liberdade no nível de confiança de 95%, o valor do qui-quadrado a ser excedido é 3,84. Como se obteve 0,08, não há evidência de evolução das notas dos alunos, comparando as avaliações.
Sobre la particular devoció d’una ploma «desalinyada» per un «singular ingeni»: una lectura del «Cicle dels rams» de Francesc Fontanella
Authors: Sogues Marco Marc
Published: October 2020

El present treball representa la primera aproximació crítica monogràfica al Cicle dels rams, un conjunt de 29 cartes poètiques que Francesc Fontanella va escriure al Rosselló durant la seva etapa de maduresa. L'estudi es divideix en sis parts. La primera és dedicada a identificar i delimitar el cicle. La segona és una descripció sumària dels textos que explica tant els seus aspectes formals com el seu contingut, i assenyala els elements que confereixen sentit unitari al cicle. A la tercera part s'analitza el discurs amorós de les composicions, fent especial èmfasi en la seva singularitat dins la lírica amorosa fontanellana. La quarta part argumenta que els textos, partint d’una circumstància biogràfica probablement real —lla convalescència d’una dama— han de ser llegits com a peces literàries pensades per entretenir, i s’ocupa d’analitzar les diferents estratègies emprades amb aquest propòsit: la jocositat, la meravella i l’enigma. En el cinquè apartat s’elabora una proposta de datació del cicle fonamentada en un seguit d’indicis extrets dels mateixos textos i, finalment, s’empren les evidències presentades per construir una lectura de conjunt del cicle.
El «Llibre de les Bèsties» (1287-1289) de Ramon Llull: anàlisi d’adaptacions infantils i juvenils
Authors: Selfa Sastre Moisés , Falguera Garcia Enric
Published: October 2020

En aquest article presentem una anàlisi de les 6 adaptacions que del Llibre de les Bèsties (1287-1289) es van publicar per al públic infantil i juvenil amb motiu de l’Any Llull (2015-2016). Després de presentar la figura de Ramon Llull com a escriptor de referència en l’època medieval i de situar el Llibre de les Bèsties dins de la producció literària de Llull, analitzem els paratextos extratextuals i textuals de les 6 adaptacions aquí estudiades. La presentació i anàlisi d’aquests paratextos ens permet determinar, d’una banda, a quin tipus de nivell lector va adreçada cada adaptació i quin treball didàctic en pot resultar; i, d’altra banda, com el missatge que Llull transmet en aquesta obra literària pot ser copsat pel públic infantil i juvenil del segle XXI.
Laura Villalba, «Adelaida Ferré i Gomis, folklorista: l’art de brodar rondalles», Barcelona, Publicacions de l’Abadia de Montserrat, 2019, 209 p.
Authors: Vidal Vicent
Published: October 2020

Ressenya sobre el llibre de Laura Villalba, Adelaida Ferré i Gomis, folklorista: l’art de brodar rondalles, Barcelona, Publicacions de l’Abadia de Montserrat, 2019, 209 p., ISBN: 978-84-9191-049-7.
Carles Riba, «Llibres de poesia. Amb tots els comentaris del poeta», edició i textos establerts per Jordi Malé, Barcelona, Edicions 62, 2019, 568 p.
Authors: Veny Joan Ramon
Published: October 2020

Ressenya sobre el llibre de Carles Riba, Llibres de poesia. Amb tots els comentaris del poeta, edició i textos establerts per Jordi Malé, Barcelona, Edicions 62, 2019, 568 p., ISBN: 978-84-297-7774-1.
Joan Veny, «Un torrent de paraules. El lèxic de Joan Santamaria», Lleida, Institut d’Estudis Ilerdencs / Diputació de Lleida, 2019, 287 p.
Authors: Martí Mestre Joaquim
Published: October 2020

Ressenya sobre el llibre de Joan Veny, Un torrent de paraules. El lèxic de Joan Santamaria, Lleida, Institut d’Estudis Ilerdencs / Diputació de Lleida, 2019, 287 p., ISBN: 978-84-16452-58-3.
Exploration of ovine milk whey proteome during postnatal development using an iTRAQ approach
Authors: Zhang Xueying , Li Fadi , Qin Fang , Li Wanhong , Yue Xiangpeng
Published: October 2020

Background

Ovine milk is a rich source of bioactive proteins that supports the early growth and development of the newborn lambs. A large number of researches had targeted to the identification of ovine milk fat globule membrane proteins (MFGMPs), caseins (CNs), mastitis milk proteins in past years, but the dynamic change tendency of milk whey proteins during postnatal development has received limited attention. This research aimed to investigate the dynamic changes of ovine milk whey proteins after delivery, and explore the functions of whey proteins on early development of the newborns.

Methods

In this research, Hu sheep milk samples were collected from six individuals by manual milking manner, at 0 d, 3 d, 7 d, 14 d, 28 d and 56 d after delivery, respectively. The milk whey proteins were identified and quantified by the isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) coupled with liquid chromatography (LC)-electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem MS (MS/MS) methods. In addition, biological functions of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were annotated by Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis.

Results

A total of 310 proteins were identified , of which 121 were differentially expressed. In detail, 30 (10 up-regulated and 20 down-regulated), 22 (11 up-regulated and 11 down-regulated), 11 (four up-regulated and seven down-regulated), 11 (eight up-regulated and three down-regulated), 10 (six up-regulated and four down-regulated) DEPs were identified in 3 d vs. 0 d, 7 d vs. 3 d, 14 d vs. 7 d, 28 d vs. 14 d, 56 d vs. 28 d comparison groups, respectively. The GO annotation analysis revealed that biological process principally involved metabolic and biological regulation, the major cellular location were organelle, cell and extracellular region, and the mainly molecular function were binding and catalytic activity. Circadian rhythm, fatty acid biosynthesis and African trypanosomiasis were enriched by KEGG annotation analysis.

Conclusion

The study reveals a comprehensive understanding of Hu sheep milk proteome, suggesting whey proteins change dramatically in early development of newborn lambs, which provide a potential guidance for early weaning of lambs.
Adequacy of clinical information in X-ray referrals for traumatic ankle injury with reference to the Ottawa Ankle Rules—a retrospective clinical audit
Authors: Gomes Yolanda E. , Chau Minh , Banwell Helen A. , Davies Josephine , Causby Ryan S.
Published: October 2020

Study Objective

To assess the adequacy of clinical information with reference to the Ottawa Ankle Rules (OAR) in X-ray referrals for adults with traumatic ankle injury in the ED of a South Australian tertiary hospital and report upon referring trends between emergency department clinicians.

Methods

A retrospective clinical audit of adult ankle X-ray referrals in the emergency department was conducted. Eligible referrals were screened for their adherence to the OAR, patient details, clinical history and referrer. A logistic regression was used to determine the influence of these factors on the likelihood of being referred for X-rays despite not meeting the OAR criteria. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios and their associated confidence intervals were calculated to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the OAR for those referred.

Results

Out of the 262 eligible referrals, 163 were deemed to have met the criteria for the OAR. Physiotherapists showed the highest OAR compliance of 77.3% and were the most accurate in their use of the rules, with a sensitivity of 0.86. Medical officers, registrars and interns were 2.5 times more likely to still refer a patient for X-ray if they did not meet the OAR criteria, compared to physiotherapists as the baseline. Patient age, duration of injury etc. were not significantly associated with likelihood of referral (even when they did not meet OAR criteria). The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios of the OAR were 0.59 (95% CI [0.47–0.71]), 0.37 (95% CI [0.30–0.44]), 0.93 (95% CI [0.76–1.16]) and 1.10 (95% CI [0.82–1.48]) respectively.

Conclusion

The results of this audit demonstrated poor sensitivity and moderate compliance by referrers with the rule. Reasonable evidence exists for the implementation of individual and/or institutional-based change strategies to improve clinician compliance and accuracy with use of the OAR.
A glitch in the matrix: Age‐dependent changes in the extracellular matrix facilitate common sites of metastasis
Authors: Marino Gloria E. , Weeraratna Ashani T.
Published: October 2020

People over 55 years old represent the majority of cancer patients and suffer from increased metastatic burden compared to the younger patient population. As the aging population increases globally, it is prudent to understand how the intrinsic aging process contributes to cancer progression. As we age, we incur aberrant changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of our organs, which contribute to numerous pathologies, including cancer. Notably, the lung, liver, and bone represent the most common sites of distal metastasis for all cancer types. In this review, we describe how age‐dependent changes in the ECM of these organs influence cancer progression. Further, we outline how these alterations prime the premetastatic niche and why these may help explain the disparity in outcome for older cancer patients.
HLA‐B27 association of autoimmune encephalitis induced by PD‐L1 inhibitor
Authors: Chang Hyeyeon , Shin Yong‐Won , Keam Bhumsuk , Kim Miso , Im Seock‐Ah , Lee Soon‐Tae
Published: October 2020

Objective

While immune checkpoint inhibitors are increasingly used for various cancers, unpredictable immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) such as autoimmune encephalitis is life‐threatening. Here, we report an association between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and atezolizumab‐induced encephalitis.

Methods

From an institutional prospective cohort for encephalitis, we identified patients with autoimmune encephalitis after the use of atezolizumab, a PD‐L1 (programmed death‐ligand 1) inhibitor, from August 2016 to September 2019 and analyzed their HLA genotypes.

Results

A total of 290 patients received atezolizumab, and seven patients developed autoimmune encephalitis, and five of whom were enrolled for the analysis. The patients presented altered mentality, seizures, or myelitis. Three patients had the HLA‐B*27:05 genotype in common (60%), which is significantly frequent given its low frequency in the general population (2.5%). After Bonferroni correction, HLA‐B*27:05 was significantly associated with autoimmune encephalitis by atezolizumab (corrected P < 0.001, odds ratio 59, 95% CI = 9.0 ~ 386.9).

Interpretation

Here we found that three in five patients with autoimmune encephalitis associated with atezolizumab had the rare HLA‐B*27:05 genotype. Further systematic analyses in larger cohorts are necessary to investigate the value of HLA screening to prevent the life‐threatening adverse events.
Nanoscale Controlled Oxidation of Liquid Metals for Stretchable Electronics and Photonics
Authors: Martin‐Monier Louis , Gupta Tapajyoti Das , Yan Wei , Lacour Stéphanie , Sorin Fabien
Published: October 2020

Liquid metals based on gallium have attracted considerable attention for soft and bioelectronics, thanks to their excellent combination of stretchability and conductivity. Nevertheless, owing to their large surface tension, these materials are notoriously difficult to pattern and shape into thin continuous films, or nanoscale 2D architectures, hindering practical use in systems with reduced dimensions. Herein, thanks to fine control in both substrate surface state and oxidation dynamics, a process for producing stretchable gallium‐based conducting films with percolation down to 90 nm thickness is presented. By further combining this process with lithography, it is also demonstrated that the approach enables, for the first time, stable stretchable gallium‐based optical metasurfaces with tunable resonance in the infrared. It is shown that oxygen partial pressure during evaporation determines the initial film percolation via an interplay between oxidation and dewetting. With this approach, conducting films with relative resistance change as low as 3% over 50% strain, with an excellent stability over 15k cycles are also demonstrated. Tunable soft optical metasurfaces with sub‐micrometer feature sizes are also realized, paving the way toward a novel paradigm in soft electronics and photonics.
Structured Interfaces for Improving the Tensile Strength and Toughness of Stiff/Highly Stretchable Polymer Hybrids
Authors: Wu Dong , Zhao Zeang , Wang Panding , Pei Yongmao , Chen Haosen , Qi H. Jerry , Fang Daining
Published: October 2020

The stiff/highly stretchable polymer hybrids have a broad field of applications including robotics, electronic devices, and biomedical devices. However, poor interfacial bonding between chemically dissimilar polymers makes it difficult to achieve reliable structural performance. Building a robust interface within the polymer hybrids is one of the most important concerns. Here, the structured interface with different geometrical waveform patterns, including zigzag, buzzsaw, and strip shape is investigated for their effectiveness in improving mechanical properties of the interface. The enhancement effects of different geometries of the structured interfaces on both the tensile strength and tensile toughness are characterized by uniaxial tension tests. The finite element analysis simulations of the interface are implemented to investigate the enhancement mechanism, considering both the material nonlinearity under large deformation and the geometric nonlinearity derived from the high asymmetry in the interfacial configuration. Both the interfacial geometry and the intrinsic adhesive property of materials influence the load transfer mechanism at the interface and consequently determine the failure modes. Optimal geometrical designs of the interfacial geometries are proposed to achieve the best interfacial enhancement. The present study may provide guidance for designing the interfacial geometries in the polymer hybrids.
Artificial Neural Networks Based on Memristive Devices: From Device to System
Authors: Huang He-Ming , Wang Zhe , Wang Tong , Xiao Yu , Guo Xin
Published: October 2020

Memristive devices are essential for artificial neural networks (ANNs) due to their similarity to biological synapses and neurons in structure, dynamics, and electrical behaviors. By building a crossbar array, memristive devices can be used to conduct in‐memory computing efficiently. Herein, approaches to realize memristive neural networks (memNNs) from the device level to the system level are introduced with state‐of‐art experimental demonstrations. First, algorithm fundamentals for networks and device fundamentals for synapses and neurons are briefly given to provide guidance for developing ANNs based on memristive devices; second, recent advances in memristive synapses are discussed on the device level, including the optimization of device, the emulation of biological functions and the array integration; third, artificial neurons based on complement metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) transistors and memristive devices are described; then, systemic demonstrations and latest developments of memNNs are elaborated; finally, summary and perspective on memristive devices and memNNs are presented.
Leukoencephalopathy with calcifications and cysts: Genetic and phenotypic spectrum
Authors: Crow Yanick J , Marshall Heather , Rice Gillian I , Seabra Luis , Jenkinson Emma M , Baranano Kristin , Battini Roberta , Berger Andrea , Blair Edward , Blauwblomme Thomas , Bolduc Francois , Boddaert Natalie , Buckard Johannes , Burnett Heather , Calvert Sophie , Caumes Roseline , Ng Andy Cheuk‐Him , Chiang Diana , Clifford David B , Cordelli Duccio M , de Burca Anna , Demic Natasha , Desguerre Isabelle , De Waele Liesbeth , Di Fonzo Alessio , Dunham S. Richard , Dyack Sarah , Elmslie Frances , Ferrand Mickaël , Fisher Gemma , Karimiani Ehsan Ghayoor , Ghoumid Jamal , Gibbon Frances , Goel Himanshu , Hilmarsen Hilde T , Hughes Imelda , Jacob Anu , Jones Elizabeth A , Kumar Ram , Leventer Richard J , MacDonald Shelley , Maroofian Reza , Mehta Sarju G , Metz Imke , Monfrini Edoardo , Neumann Daniela , Noetzel Michael , O'Driscoll Mary , Õunap Katrin , Panzer Axel , Parikh Sumit , Prabhakar Prab , Ramond Francis , Sandford Richard , Saneto Russell , Soh Calvin , Stutterd Chloe A , Subramanian Gopinath M , Talbot Kevin , Thomas Rhys H , Toro Camilo , Touraine Renaud , Wakeling Emma , Wassmer Evangeline , Whitney Andrea , Livingston John H , O'Keefe Raymond T , Badrock Andrew P
Published: October 2020

Biallelic mutations in SNORD118, encoding the small nucleolar RNA U8, cause leukoencephalopathy with calcifications and cysts (LCC). Given the difficulty in interpreting the functional consequences of variants in nonprotein encoding genes, and the high allelic polymorphism across SNORD118 in controls, we set out to provide a description of the molecular pathology and clinical spectrum observed in a cohort of patients with LCC. We identified 64 affected individuals from 56 families. Age at presentation varied from 3 weeks to 67 years, with disease onset after age 40 years in eight patients. Ten patients had died. We recorded 44 distinct, likely pathogenic, variants in SNORD118. Fifty two of 56 probands were compound heterozygotes, with parental consanguinity reported in only three families. Forty nine of 56 probands were either heterozygous (46) or homozygous (three) for a mutation involving one of seven nucleotides that facilitate a novel intramolecular interaction between the 5′ end and 3′ extension of precursor‐U8. There was no obvious genotype–phenotype correlation to explain the marked variability in age at onset. Complementing recently published functional analyses in a zebrafish model, these data suggest that LCC most often occurs due to combinatorial severe and milder mutations, with the latter mostly affecting 3′ end processing of precursor‐U8.
Photoinduced Borylation Reactions: An Overview
Authors: Yadagiri B. , Daipule Komal , Singh Surya Prakash
Published: October 2020

The photochemical reactions perform a progressively important role in the field of green chemistry and organic synthesis from the last decades. It has always been considered as eco‐friendly, inexpensive, most abundant and endlessly renewable energy source. The organoboronic acids and esters occupy a central position in the field of chemistry so the development of novel methodology for the preparation of organoboron compounds is essential. In recent years, visible light‐induced photoredox catalysis has created a more influence on the preparation of different organoboron compounds using novel synthetic methodologies with very mild and eco‐friendly conditions. In this review, we have provided a brief overview of preparation of organoboronic acids or esters from aliphatic, aromatic C−H/C−X and other functional groups by photoredox methodology.
Study the synthesis and the properties of self‐crosslinking acrylic latex via a novel fluorescent labeling method
Authors: Qiu Zhenyu , Wang Lijun , Wu Jiming , Wang Lei , Li Zhaolei , Xu Zexiao , Li Weili , Gui Taijiang
Published: October 2020

To make waterborne painting be applied into metal protection area, the mechanical, water resistant, and anti‐corrosion properties of the dried coating based on it should be improved effectively. Among various methods, self‐crosslinking the latex during its drying process is thought to be an effective way. For example, the latex with DAAM/ADH (diacetoneacrylamide/adipoyl hydrazide) as the self‐crosslinker has attracted a lot of attention due to its excellent stability and coating performance. In this study, a kind of reactable AIEgen was used and taken part in synthesizing the self‐crosslinkable acrylic latex. Based on Aggregation Induced Emission(AIE) phenomenon, it is easy to real‐time trace the preparation and curing process of the obtained latexes. At the same time, the influence of DAAM/ADH on the properties of the cured coating was studied in detail. In addition, as AIEgen is knitted onto the polymer chains via chemical bonds, external stimulus might interfere the coating's fluorescent property. Based on this phenomenon, the cured coating was studied and explored the feasibility to be applied into gas sensing area via its fluorescent property.
Irradiation processing of immiscible PP/EOC blend: Morphology control and processability modification
Authors: Hassan Fatemeh , Entezam Mehdi
Published: October 2020

In this study, applying electron beam irradiation method at a relatively low‐irradiation dose (20 kGy) under the air atmosphere to prepare injectable polypropylene (PP)/ethylene‐octene copolymer (EOC) blends with fine morphology and appropriate performance was investigated. For this purpose, an extrusion PP grade with an EOC grade suitable to improve its impact resistance was melting blended. Gel content and rheological measurements revealed long‐chain branching is predominant phenomenon occurring during the irradiation process of EOC. Blend irradiation resulted in changing its melt flow index proper for injection molding. A fine morphology obtained for the unirradiated blend was preserved for the irradiated blend. Moreover, irradiation thermally stabilized the blend morphology. Blends linear viscoelastic behavior discussed by proper rheological models revealed the existence of interfacial interactions and a reduction of the interfacial tension between irradiated blend phases. No significant effect of irradiation on the crystallization characteristics of EOC and the blend was observed. The satisfying impact resistance of the irradiated blend was near to that of the unirradiated blend, although its tensile mechanical properties were less.
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of new 2‐piperazin‐1‐yl‐N‐1,3‐thiazol‐2‐ylacetamides of cyclopenta[c]pyridines and pyrano[3,4‐c]pyridines
Authors: Sirakanyan Samvel , Kartsev Victor , Spinelli Domenico , Geronikaki Athina , Petrou Anthi , Ivanov Marija , Glamoclija Jasmina , Sokovic Marina , Hakobyan Elmira , Hovakimyan Anush
Published: October 2020

In this study, we report the synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new disubstituted piperazines. Thus, 3‐chlorocyclopenta[c]pyridines and 6‐chloropyrano[3,4‐c]pyridine 1 under mild reaction conditions with piperazine gave the 3(6)‐piperazine‐substituted cyclopenta[c]pyridines and pyrano[3,4‐c]pyridine 2. Furthermore, the latter, by alkylation with 2‐chloro‐N‐1,3‐thiazol‐2‐ylacetamide, led to the formation of the target compounds. The evaluation of the antibacterial activity revealed that 3k was the most potent compound. The most sensitive bacterium was found to be Listeria monocytogenes, whereas Staphylococcus aureus was the most resistant one. Three compounds, 3d, 3g, and 3k, were tested also against the following resistant strains: methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All three compounds appeared to be more potent than ampicillin against MRSA. Moreover, compound 3d showed a better activity than the reference drug ampicillin against P. aeruginosa, whereas 3g was more efficient against E. coli. The best antifungal activity was observed again for compound 3k. The most resistant fungi appeared to be Aspergillus fumigatus, whereas Trichoderma viride seemed the most sensitive one toward the compounds tested. Molecular docking studies on E. coli MurB, as well as on Candida albicans CYP51 and dihydrofolate reductase, were used for the prediction of the mechanisms of the antibacterial and antifungal activities, confirming the experimental results.
Exploring the Utility and Student Perceptions of Synthetic Cadavers in an Undergraduate Human Anatomy Course
Authors: Richardson Nicolette S. , Zwambag Derek , McFall Kristen , Andrews David M. , Gregory Diane E.
Published: October 2020

The synthetic cadaver is a high‐fidelity model intended to replace or supplement other anatomy learning modalities. Academic attainment and student perceptions were examined in an undergraduate human anatomy course using a combination of plastic models and synthetic cadavers to learn lower body anatomy (“Experimental group”), compared to a Historical group who used only plastic models. Grades on an upper body test, for which both groups used only plastic models, were compared to ensure that no academic differences existed between groups (P = 0.7653). Students in the Experimental group performed better on the lower body test for which they used both plastic models and synthetic cadavers (median = 73.8% (95% CI: 72.0%‐75.0%) compared to the Historical group (70.1% (95% CI: 68.3%‐70.7%),P < 0.0001); however, less than half of students (49%) attributed this to the synthetic cadavers. Students' perception of laboratory resources (P < 0.0001) and learning experience (P < 0.0001) both improved with the addition of synthetic cadavers compared to using only plastic models, and 60% of students in the Experimental group agreed that the synthetic cadavers would be a key reason that they would choose that institution for undergraduate studies. This investigation showed improved student grades when plastic models and synthetic cadavers were combined, in addition to improved student perceptions of the learning experience. Results of the student questionnaires also suggested that although synthetic cadavers carry a notable up‐front cost, they may be a useful recruitment tool for institutions.