bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Testing versus estimation of graph properties, revisited
Authors: Shapira Asaf , Kushnir Nick , Gishboliner Lior
Published: April 2024

A graph on vertices is ‐far from property if one should add/delete at least edges to turn into a graph satisfying . A distance estimator for is an algorithm that given and distinguishes between the case that is ‐close to and the case that is ‐far from . If has a distance estimator whose query complexity depends only on , then is said to be estimable. Every estimable property is clearly also testable, since testing corresponds to estimating with . A central result in the area of property testing is the Fischer–Newman theorem, stating that an inverse statement also holds, that is, that every testable graph property is in fact estimable. The proof of Fischer and Newman was highly ineffective, since it incurred a tower‐type loss when transforming a testing algorithm for into a distance estimator. This raised the natural problem, studied recently by Fiat–Ron and by Hoppen–Kohayakawa–Lang–Lefmann–Stagni, whether one can find a transformation with a polynomial loss. We obtain the following results.

We show that if 𝒫 is hereditary, then one can turn a tester for 𝒫 into a distance estimator with an exponential loss. This is an exponential improvement over the result of Hoppen et al., who obtained a transformation with a double exponential loss.

We show that for every 𝒫, one can turn a testing algorithm for 𝒫 into a distance estimator with a double exponential loss. This improves over the transformation of Fischer–Newman that incurred a tower‐type loss.

Our main conceptual contribution in this work is that we manage to turn the approach of Fischer–Newman, which was inherently ineffective, into an efficient one. On the technical level, our main contribution is in establishing certain properties of Frieze–Kannan Weak Regular partitions that are of independent interest.
Investigation of short‐term effects of forage radish on water and solute transport through a tracer test and inverse modeling
Authors: Camarotto Carlo , Dal Ferro Nicola , Piccoli Ilaria , Longo Matteo , Duwig Celine , Oxarango Laurent , Morari Francesco
Published: April 2024

The benefits of using cover crops for improving soil and water quality are well known. Less clear is whether cover crops, especially those forming a taproot system, can favor solute transport down to the groundwater by modifying soil hydraulic properties and solute dynamics. In this study, we employed 12 lysimeters to conduct a comparative analysis between a taproot cover crop, specifically forage radish (FR), and bare soil (BS), under three water table management conditions. Our objective was to evaluate whether the enhancement of root‐derived macroporosity could have modified water and solute dynamics, and offset the benefits provided by FR that is commonly used to mitigate solute leaching. A tracer solution of bromide (Br−) was added to lysimeters, and solute flux concentrations were determined at different depths during a 25‐day test. Soil moisture and pressure heads were monitored. Water and solute transport parameters were estimated by inverse modeling using HYDRUS‐1D. A complementary laboratory experiment was performed to quantify the effect of FR root apparatus on the macropore structure by using noninvasive X‐ray microtomography (µCT). Results showed that the growth of FR within the lysimeters induced alterations in water and solute dynamics compared with BS. This is primarily attributed to its proficiency as solute scavenger, with an uptake capacity of up to 47% of the total injected tracer. Our comparative analysis instead revealed subtle differences in soil structure and hydraulic properties brought about by the presence of FR. Major changes were observed for the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), which increased from an average of 8.4–49.8 cm day−1 within the 20–45 cm layer in BS and FR, respectively. Additionally, there was a difference in immobile water content (θim), with the values in FR averaging 21% lower than those in BS. These modifications can be attributed to the formation of fissures and channels, primarily concentrated in the proximity of taproot development, without extending into deep preferential flow pathways. These structural changes were supported by the nondestructive µCT analyses. Upon aggregating the effects observed, solute movement to groundwater was not affected by FR compared to BS conditions.
Activating Ion Channels in Collapsed Hydrogel Derived Densified MXene Films with Cellulose Nanofibers to Overcome the Areal Versus Volumetric Capacitance Trade‐Off
Authors: Dutta Pronoy , Deb Sujit Kumar , Patra Amalika , Karim Golam Masud , Majumder Abhisek , Kumar Pradip , Iyer Parameswar Krishnan , Padma Narayanan , Maiti Uday Narayan
Published: April 2024

Concomitant achievement of all three performance pillars of a supercapacitor device, namely gravimetric, areal, and volumetric capacitance is a grand challenge. Nevertheless, its fulfilment is indispensable for commercial usage. Although, high compactness is the fundamental requirement to achieve high volumetric performance, it severely affects ion transportation in thick electrodes. Such trade‐off makes it extremely challenging to realize very high areal and volumetric performance simultaneously. Here, a collapsed hydrogel strategy is introduced to develop MXene/cellulose nanofiber (CNF) based densified electrodes that offer excellent ion transportation despite a massive increase in areal mass loading (>70 mg cm−2). Quasi‐oriented MXene/CNF (MXCF) hydrogels are produced through an electric field‐guided co‐assembly technique. Ambient dehydration of these hydrogels incorporates numerous pores in the resultant compact electrodes due to crumpling of the MXene sheets, while CNF ensures connectivity among the locally blocked pores in different length scales. The resultant collapsed MXCF densified electrode shows a remarkably high areal capacitance of 16 F cm−2 while simultaneously displaying a high volumetric capacitance of 849.8 F cm−3 at an ultrahigh mass loading of up to 73.4 mg cm−2. The universality of strategy, including the co‐assembly of hydrogel and its collapse, is further demonstrated to develop high‐performance asymmetric and wearable devices.
Polymerase‐Based Signal Delay for Temporally Regulating DNA Involved Reactions, Programming Dynamic Molecular Systems, and Biomimetic Sensing
Authors: Rong Qinze , Deng Yingnan , Chen Fangzhou , Yin Zhe , Hu Lingfei , Su Xin , Zhou Dongsheng
Published: April 2024

Complex temporal molecular signals play a pivotal role in the intricate biological pathways of living organisms, and cells exhibit the ability to transmit and receive information by intricately managing the temporal dynamics of their signaling molecules. Although biomimetic molecular networks are successfully engineered outside of cells, the capacity to precisely manipulate temporal behaviors remains limited. In this study, the catalysis activity of isothermal DNA polymerase (DNAP) through combined use of molecular dynamics simulation analysis and fluorescence assays is first characterized. DNAP‐driven delay in signal strand release ranged from 100 to 102 min, which is achieved through new strategies including the introduction of primer overhangs, utilization of inhibitory reagents, and alteration of DNA template lengths. The results provide a deeper insight into the underlying mechanisms of temporal control DNAP‐mediated primer extension and DNA strand displacement reactions. Then, the regulated DNAP catalysis reactions are applied in temporal modulation of downstream DNA‐involved reactions, the establishment of dynamic molecular signals, and the generation of barcodes for multiplexed detection of target genes. The utility of DNAP‐based signal delay as a dynamic DNA nanotechnology extends beyond theoretical concepts and achieves practical applications in the fields of cell‐free synthetic biology and bionic sensing.
Key Ingredients for the Screening of Single Atom Catalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction: The Case of Titanium Nitride
Authors: Saetta Clara , Barlocco Ilaria , Liberto Giovanni Di , Pacchioni Gianfranco
Published: April 2024

A computational screening of Single Atom Catalysts (SACs) bound to titanium nitride (TiN) is presented, for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER), based on density functional theory. The role of fundamental ingredients is explored to account for a reliable screening of SACs. Namely, the formation of H2‐complexes besides the classical H* one impacts the predicted HER activity, in line with previous studies on other SACs. Also, the results indicate that one needs to adopt self‐interaction‐corrected functionals. Finally, predicting an active catalyst is of little help without an assessment of its stability. Thus, it is included in the theoretical framework the analysis of the stability of the SACs in working conditions of pH and voltage. Once unconventional intermediates and stability are considered in a self‐interaction corrected scheme, the number of potential good catalysts for HER is strongly reduced since i) some potentially good catalysts are not stable against dissolution and ii) the formation of unconventional intermediates leads to thermodynamic barriers. This study highlights the importance of including ingredients for the prediction of new systems, such as the formation of unconventional intermediates, estimating the stability of SACs, and the adoption of self‐interaction corrected functionals. Also, this study highlights some interesting candidates deserving of dedicated work.
π–π Stacking at the Perovskite/C60 Interface Enables High‐Efficiency Wide‐Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Afei , Li Mingyu , Dong Chong , Ye Wenjiang , Yang Xuke , Shaker Ahmed , Salem Marwa S. , Li Zhaoyang , Yang Jiakuan , Li Xiong , Xu Ling , Song Haisheng , Chen Chao , Tang Jiang
Published: April 2024

Interface passivation is a key method for improving the efficiency of perovskite solar cells, and 2D/3D perovskite heterojunction is the mainstream passivation strategy. However, the passivation layer also produces a new interface between 2D perovskite and fullerene (C60), and the properties of this interface have received little attention before. Here, the underlying properties of the 2D perovskite/C60 interface by taking the 2D TEA2PbX4 (TEA = C6H10NS; X = I, Br, Cl) passivator as an example are systematically expounded. It is found that the 2D perovskite preferentially exhibits (002) orientation with the outermost surface featuring an oriented arrangement of TEACl, where the thiophene groups face outward. The outward thiophene groups further form a strong π–π stacking system with C60 molecule, strengthening the interaction force with C60 and facilitating the creation of a superior interface. Based on the vacuum‐assisted blade coating, wide‐bandgap (WBG, 1.77 eV) perovskite solar cells achieved impressive records of 19.28% (0.09 cm2) and 18.08% (1.0 cm2) inefficiency, respectively. This research not only provides a new understanding of interface processing for future perovskite solar cells but also lays a solid foundation for realizing efficient large‐area devices.
Synthesis of Double Trivalent Perovskite Quantum Dots Cs3BiSbX9 (X = Cl, Br, I) for Efficient CO2 Photoreduction Performance
Authors: Tian Jie , Wang Zhijian , Hou Yaqin , Yang Yatao , Chen Haijun , Huang Zhanggen
Published: April 2024

Non‐toxic Bi halides have great potential in the field of CO2 photoreduction, but strong charge localization limits their charge separation and transfer. In this study, a series of Cs3BiSbX9 (X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) are synthesized by antisolvent recrystallization at room temperature, in which Cs3BiSbBr9 PQDs has high selectivity (94.51%) and yield (15.32 µmol g−1 h−1) of CO2 to CO. In situ DRIFTS and theoretical calculations suggest that the surface charge can be tailored by halogen modulation, allowing for the customization of intermediate species. The Bi─Br─Sb symmetric charge distribution induced by the halogen Br promotes the formation of b─HCOO and reduces the reaction energy barrier of the rate‐limiting step, while the weak electronegativity of Cl and the high electronegativity of I leads to m─HCOO and ─COOH production, which are detrimental to CO generation. This work provides new insights into the design of halide alloy perovskites for CO2 photoreduction.
Mitigating Gas Evolution in Electron Beam‐Induced Gel Polymer Electrolytes Through Bi‐Functional Cross–Linkable Additives
Authors: Nam Seoha , Son Hye Bin , Song Chi Keung , Lee Chang‐Dae , Kim Yeongseok , Jeong Jin‐Hyeok , Song Woo‐Jin , Seo Dong‐Hwa , Ha Tae Sung , Park Soojin
Published: April 2024

The current high‐capacity lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), reliant on flammable liquid electrolytes (LEs) and nickel‐rich cathodes, are plagued by safety hazards, especially the risk of hazardous gas release stemming from internal side reactions. To address these safety concerns, an electron beam (E‐beam)‐induced gel polymer electrolyte (E‐Gel) is introduced, employing dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (DPH) as a bi‐functional cross–linkable additive (CIA). The dual roles of DPH are exploited through a strategically designed E‐beam irradiation process. Applying E‐beam irradiation on the pre‐cycled cells allows DPH to function as an additive during the initial cycle, establishing a protective layer on the surface of the anode and cathode and as a cross–linker during the E‐beam irradiation step, forming a polymer framework. The prepared E‐Gel with CIA has superior interfacial compatibility, facilitating lithium‐ion diffusion at the electrode/E‐Gel interface. The electrochemical assessment of 1.2 Ah pouch cells demonstrates that E‐Gel substantially reduces gas release by 2.5 times compared to commercial LEs during the initial formation stage and ensures superior reversible capacity retention even after prolonged cycling at 55 °C. The research underscores the synergy of bifunctional CIA with E‐beam technology, paving the way for large‐scale production of safe, high‐capacity, and commercially viable LIBs.
Interlayer Entropy Engineering Inducing the Symmetry‐Broken Layered Oxide Cathodes to Activate Reversible High‐Voltage Redox Reaction
Authors: Zhang Jianhua , Li Wenbin , Yang Jiayi , Wang Jingjing , Dong Qi , Wang Xiyu , Wu Yumei , Ren Yang , Li Xifei
Published: April 2024

The as‐reported doping entropy engineering of electrode materials that are usually realized by the sharing of multiple metal elements with the metal element from the lattice body, potentially has three shortages of stringent synthesis conditions, large active element loss, and serious lattice distortion. Herein, an interlayer entropy engineering of layered oxide cathodes is proposed, where the multiple metal ions are simultaneously intercalated into the same interlayer sites, thus avoiding the three shortages. Concretely, a novel interlayer medium‐entropy V2O5 ((MnCoNiMgZn)0.26V2O5∙0.84H2O) is successfully constructed by a one‐step hydrothermal method. The interlayer medium‐entropy effect is revealed to be that five metal ions pre‐intercalation induces the local symmetry‐broken [VO6] octahedra in bilayer V2O5, thus activating the reversible high‐voltage redox reaction, inhibiting the layer slip and following phase transformation by its pinning effect, and enhancing the charge transfer kinetics. As a result, the medium‐entropy cathode realizes the trade‐off between specific capacity and structural stability with a discharge capacity of 152 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 100 cycles, and a capacity retention rate of 98.7% at 0.5 A g−1 after 150 cycles for Li+ storage. This engineering provides a new guideline for the rational design of high‐performance layered oxide cathodes.
Themes on Black college males’ mental health and future directions for research in student services
Authors: McMickens Tryan L. , Palmer Robert T.
Published: April 2024

In this article, we discuss major themes on Black males’ mental health that have emerged from this monograph. We will also discuss and emphasize how various institutional agents such as student affairs practitioners, faculty, and administrators can use this information to better support Black males in higher education. Finally, we will also discuss implications for future research in student services.
Flexible Wood‐Based X‐Ray Scintillator Film Using Lead‐Free Cs3Cu2I5 Perovskite Nanoparticles
Authors: Moon In Kyu , Yoo Seungjun , Choi Jinwoo , Kim Ho Kyung , Kang Youngjong
Published: April 2024

The prevalent use of unsustainable polymers in current X‐ray scintillators poses a significant environmental concern. The advancement of biodegradable X‐ray scintillators holds promise in mitigating escalating environmental issues tied to electronic or medical waste and carbon footprints. Herein, a biodegradable and flexible X‐ray scintillation film is presented employing lead‐free 0D Cs3Cu2I5 perovskite nanoparticles integrated into densified‐delignified wood (Cs3Cu2I5@D‐Wood). The Cs3Cu2I5@D‐Wood film demonstrates precise and detailed X‐ray imaging capabilities, achieving a high spatial resolution of 10 line pairs per millimeter (lp·mm−1). To minimize the environmental impact associated with disposal, metal and halide ions (e.g., Cs+, Cu+, I−) from Cs3Cu2I5@D‐Wood can be easily retrieved by a simple solvent extraction process. The approach showcases the potential of biodegradable wood‐based X‐ray scintillation screens as alternatives to conventional, plastic‐based screens. This offers a significant contribution to environmental sustainability by reducing electronic or medical waste.
Post‐tension retrofitting of RC dapped‐end beams: A numerical investigation
Authors: Santarsiero Giuseppe , Picciano Valentina
Published: April 2024

Dapped‐end beams are frequently used in roofing and flooring systems of precast reinforced concrete buildings as well as in bridge constructions. Due to design flaws, deterioration, and construction mistakes, they may have unsatisfactory structural performance. Past experimental studies investigated the effectiveness of post‐tension strengthening techniques applied to dapped‐end beams, revealing them as effective solutions, even though a limited range of influencing parameters were considered. This paper numerically investigates the performance improvement provided by post‐tension interventions applied to dapped‐end beams. Numerical models were built through a refined FEM software simulating two experimental tests found in the literature. After the models' calibration, a post‐tension intervention was designed and implemented in the models, considering the level of prestressing as the main intervention's parameter. Afterwards, the behavior in the post‐intervention condition was analyzed to find changes in the failure modes and highlight the performance improvement concerning cracking phenomena and ultimate load‐bearing capacity. It is found that the level of tendons' prestress significantly improves the cracking load, which increases almost linearly with respect to it. Conversely, the significant gain in terms of ultimate load‐bearing capacity (up to 53%) shows only slight variations when the prestress level changes. Finally, accounting also for the reduction of deformation capacity for high prestressing levels, practical suggestions are provided regarding the optimal post‐tension choice.
Saponins from seeds of Zizyphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa exhibit vasorelaxant effects on rat isolated aorta
Authors: Iizuka Toru , Enomoto Ryohei , Yu Jing
Published: April 2024

Aim

The vasorelaxant saponins jujuboside A(1), A1(2), B(3), and acetyljujuboside B(4) were isolated from 50% MeOH extracts of seeds of Zizyphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa Hu ex H.F. Chou (Rhamnaceae), and their effects were studied using isolated rat aortic rings.

Method

Dried jujube seeds were crushed and extracted with 50% MeOH, and the extracts were concentrated under reduced pressure. Vasorelaxant effects of this extracts were assessed on rat isolated aorta rings. The aorta rings were placed in a well‐oxygenated bath of modified Krebs–Henseleit solution and the mechanical tension was measured isometrically.

Results

The crude extract was fractionated by chromatographic methods with the guidance of vasorelaxant activity, and four saponins (1~4) were isolated. These compounds were identified using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies. Compounds 1~4 showed slow relaxation activity against norepinephrine (NE)‐induced contractions of rat aorta with/without endothelium. Treatment with 1~4 did not significantly inhibit NE‐induced vasoconstrictions. Compounds 1~4 inhibited vasoconstriction induced by high‐concentration potassium (60 mM) and NE in the presence of nicardipine but did not affect phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate‐induced vasoconstriction.

Conclusion

These results suggest that inhibition of NE‐induced vasoconstriction by 1~4 is due to the inhibition of receptor‐operated Ca2+ channels and voltage‐dependent Ca2+ channels or inhibition of intracellular calcium modulations.
Technological progression associated with monitoring and management of indoor air pollution and associated health risks: A comprehensive review
Authors: Tanveer Shahla , Ahmad Mohammad Imran , Khan Tahmeena
Published: April 2024

Indoor air pollution (IAP) is a prevalent issue, and in the absence of any concrete and stringent guidelines, particularly in developing countries the concern becomes graver. Technological strategies like the use of the Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing have been explored for real‐time monitoring and these interventions may be investigated to improve indoor air quality (IAQ) and human health. This review article explores the prospects of IoT and smart environments for the improvement of indoor living conditions through automation. Some specific interference like sensors, air pollution simulations and modeling, the concept of smart ventilation, and fuzzy logic controllers (FLC) have been elaborated with pieces of evidence taken from previously published studies in leading indexing databases. Furthermore, some automated health risk assessment tools like the Human exposure model (HEM), Integrated Fuzzy‐stochastic modeling (IFSM), and proximity and interpolation models have also been described. The findings suggested that IoT‐based gadgets require ambient intelligence capabilities for ambient assisted living (AAL). The studies showed that innovations in technology like sensors and modeling techniques may yield crucial information on pollution exposure enabling long‐term and sustainable predictions. However, efficient AAL systems may also face challenges in designing interfaces, usability, and accessibility. Although IoT can aid in mimicking real‐world scenarios, nevertheless its‐micro spatial scale application requires thorough investigation for reliable information extraction.
Wastewater remediation and bioelectricity generation in dual chambered salt bridge microbial fuel cell: A mini‐review
Authors: Iberahim Nur Izzati , Lutpi Nabilah Aminah , Ho Li‐Ngee , Wong Yee‐Shian , Ong Soon‐An , Dahalan Farrah Aini
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this article is to assess the feasibility analysis of microbial fuel cells (MFCs), particularly in the configuration of dual chamber salt bridge microbial fuel cell (DCSB‐MFC), as a promising approach for simultaneous bioelectricity generation and wastewater remediation. The application of a salt bridge presents an economically viable alternative to the use of a proton exchange membrane, which is known for its high cost, in the construction of MFCs. This arrangement has been demonstrated to offer significant benefits in terms of enhancing the performance of new elements and evaluating operational parameters. However, it also encounters issues related to the total internal resistance (Rint) of the MFCs as well as power density (P). In addition, it has been found that traditional packing materials such activated carbon and gravel demonstrate poor permeability, internal resistance, and slow biofilm growth. Furthermore, there is a necessity to search for electrodes that possess high resistance to corrosion and are cost‐effective to achieve optimal bioelectricity generation. Therefore, this article aims to emphasize the research areas that require attention. By addressing these areas, the actual implementation of this configuration can be brought closer to practical implementation.
Facile synthesis and grafting of N2O2‐Cu(II) Schiff base complex onto graphene oxide surface: Aspects of its antimicrobial, anticancer, antiCOVID‐19 and photodegradation of methylene blue
Authors: Abdel‐Rahman Laila H. , Shehata Mohamed R. , Ahmed Ebtehal Abdel‐Hameed , Mohammed Khaled M. H. , Nafady Ayman
Published: April 2024

In this study, a facile synthesis and grafting method is reported for tetradentate Cu(II) Schiff base complex onto the surface of graphene oxide (GO). The Schiff base Cu‐complex was synthesized through the condensation reaction between 2,3‐diamino pyridine and 2‐hydroxy‐1‐naphthaldehyde, followed by the addition of Cu(II) ion to afford N2O2‐Cu(II) complex. The GO was prepared through a modified Hummers’ method and characterized using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The Schiff base Cu‐complex was then grafted onto the surface of GO via a simple solution‐phase reaction, resulting in the formation of N2O2‐Cu(II) Schiff base/GO composite. The fabricated composite was characterized using FTIR spectroscopy, UV–vis, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Importantly, the prepared N2O2‐Cu(II) Schiff base complex exhibited excellent DNA interaction as well as efficient antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Additionally, it demonstrated potent anticancer activity against hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG‐2), and colon cancer cells (HCT‐116) and exhibited promising activity against the COVID‐19 receptor (PDB ID: 6LU7) along with the human DNA receptor (PDB ID: 1BNA). Furthermore, this fabricated heterogeneous catalyst showed enhanced photodegradation of MB with ≈92% conversion and four times recyclability. The overall results suggest that the Cu(II) Schiff base/GO composite has potential applications in various medical and environmental fields, including photodegradation/elimination of harmful organic dyes for water treatment applications.
Physicochemical properties and biological efficacy of 30 DYRK2 Inhibitors for the treatment of prostate cancer
Authors: Joshi Sravani , Srivastava Ruby
Published: April 2024

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men which has major diagnosis in the United States in 2017. Among DYRK class II members, dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation‐regulated kinase 2 (DYRK2) is the functional target for prostate cancer treatment. Studies show that subfamilies of DYRKs are also capable to phosphorylate (tyrosine, serine, and threonine) residues, yet little research has been carried out for its inhibitors. In this article, conceptual density theory is used to estimate the physicochemical properties of 30 experimentally synthesized inhibitors targeting DYRK2. The HOMO–LUMO gap showed low reactivity and high chemical activity for the inhibitors. The biological efficacy of these 30 inhibitors is predicted by bioavailability, mutagenicity, and cardiotoxicity measures. The inhibitors showed low toxicity and no blood brain barrier permeability. Results indicated that the physiological actions of these inhibitors involve multiple target interactions. Since the experimental results of the DYRK2 protein showed great water solubility, favorable safety properties, and potential anti‐prostate cancer activities for ligand 24, docking and molecular dynamics simulations from the Galaxy webserver using Gromacs open‐source tools are also performed for (DYRK2‐24) complex (PDB: 7EJV). (DYRK2‐24) showed strong binding affinity and noncovalent interactions.
Within‐field soil moisture variability and time‐invariant spatial structures of agricultural fields in the US Midwest
Authors: Yang Yi , Peng Bin , Guan Kaiyu , Pan Ming , Franz Trenton. E. , Cosh Michael H. , Bernacchi Carl J.
Published: April 2024

Understanding soil moisture variability and estimating high‐resolution soil moisture at subfield to field scales is critical for agricultural research and applications. However, systematic investigation of subfield scale soil moisture variability over cropland is still lacking from both measurement and satellite remote sensing. In this study, we aim to investigate (1) the characteristics of within‐field soil moisture distribution over typical cropland in the US Midwest and (2) the capabilities of satellite remote sensing in capturing the spatiotemporal variabilities of soil moisture at subfield scale. Specifically, we conducted soil moisture field experiments in three typical commercial agricultural fields (∼85 acres per field) in central Illinois, representing typical commercial farmlands in the US Midwest, and compared the soil moisture measurements with satellite remote sensing data from optical and active microwave sensors. In each field, dense soil moisture samples (spaced at 50–60 m) were obtained for two dry down events in May and July 2021, and multiple long‐term soil moisture stations were installed. We found prominent time‐invariant spatial structures of soil moisture at within‐field scales both during the dry down period and over longer time scales, and the stability is minimally affected by plant water use during the growing season. Comparing the field campaign measurements with satellite remote sensing data, we found that surface reflectance of shortwave infrared bands, such as SWIR1 (1610 nm) from Sentinel‐2, can capture relative surface soil moisture patterns at within‐field scales, but their relationships with soil moisture are field specific. These findings and the improved understanding of within‐field soil moisture dynamics could potentially help future research on high‐resolution soil moisture estimation with multi‐source remote sensing data.
Vulnerability and Leaving No One Behind in Research: The Recommendations
Authors: Schroeder Doris , Chatfield Kate , Chennells Roger , Partington Hazel , Kimani Joshua , Thomson Gillian , Odhiambo Joyce Adhiambo , Snyders Leana , Louw Collin
Published: April 2024

This concluding chapter summarises how we challenged the protection-inclusion dilemma in order to avoid leaving people behind in research unnecessarily. The fact remains that individuals from highly impoverished, stigmatised groups in lower-income settings face a high likelihood of being harmed and exploited in research. However, excluding them from research is not the answer and can also be seen as a patronising interference in the lives of people who might benefit from research and might welcome long-term relationships of trust with researchers. Achieving long-term relationships of trust requires research methods that strive to be minimally burdensome and minimally risky. In the context of working with the South African San and the Nairobi sex workers, this means that we had to avoid all personal data collection. It also required community involvement at all stages of the research. A key consideration, often lacking from the wider literature, is how community researchers are identified, trained and supported. In our work, this involved trusted community members leading the training, and the use of storytelling, humour and Socratic methods to encourage reflexivity, compassion and sensitivity. Notable findings generated from our work include that ‘vulnerability’ is not lost in translation, even though the English term is not readily translatable into relevant other languages, or where the main stressors—such as the stigmatisation, discrimination, marginalisation and abuse besetting the sex worker community—cannot simply be subsumed under “vulnerability”, because they involve specific individual actors who bring about hardship. Our work identifies an approach for leaving no one behind in research that can stimulate a deeper understanding of how equitable research partnerships with highly marginalised groups can be achieved.
Einführung: Wie Fab Cities zu einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung beitragen
Authors: Moritz Manuel , Redlich Tobias , Buxbaum-Conradi Sonja
Published: April 2024

Unsere weltweit verteilten hocheffizienten Produktionsnetzwerke und Lieferketten werden durch multiple Krisen in Frage gestellt. Neben rein ökonomischen Aspekten wird zunehmend auch die ökologische und soziale Nachhaltigkeit unserer Produktionsweise in die Zielfunktion einbezogen. Das Fab City-Konzept, wonach Wissen, Designs und Dokumentationen zu physischen Produkten weltweit in der digitalen Sphäre in kollaborativer Weise entstehen und zirkulieren, Materialien, Komponenten und Rohstoffe hingegen auf lokaler Ebene in möglichst geschlossenen Stoffkreisläufen verbleiben, bietet in diesem Zusammenhang große Potenziale zur Förderung der Transformation hin zu einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung und Produktionsweise. Die lokale und zugleich globale Perspektive sowie die unterschiedlichen Ebenen (digital/physisch) eines entsprechenden offenen und partizipativen Wertschöpfungssystems erfordern eine interdisziplinäre Herangehensweise bei der Analyse und Gestaltung desselben. Das vorliegende Werk gibt einen Überblick über aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse und offene Fragen.
Barriers to Widespread Adoption of Fab City Products
Authors: Klein Marvin , Lüthje Christian
Published: April 2024

For the Fab City Initiative to be a success story, many citizens must internalize its vision. Thus, a key success factor is the widespread adoption of user-generated Fab Lab products. However, user innovators have currently little incentive to bear the cost of active diffusion efforts which leads to welfare losses. To overcome this so-called diffusion shortfall, we present promising voluntary payment mechanisms that could act as a decisive incentive for user innovators without losing the idea of an open community and give respective research directions. Moreover, we discuss potential adoption barriers of end users (e.g., safety or quality concerns) and suggest how a trusted Fab City seal might be helpful in overcoming them.
What Kind of City is the Fab City?
Authors: Buxbaum-Conradi Sonja
Published: April 2024

This contribution analyzes the rationale behind the Fab City Project as well as the mobilizations that it has created and grounds it in prior theoretical work and related imaginations of cities in the field of urban anthropology and urban transformation. The main aim is to provide a more consistent and scientifically profound integrative framework to which future research from different disciplines can relate serving as a common ground of what can be understood as a Fab City. The focus is predominantly set on the alternative model of urban functioning that the Fab City project introduces. This model suggests the rethinking and reorganization of production and consumption processes – or the reorganization of flows – in a cosmo-local urban space.
Creative Flows
Authors: Roio Denis , Salomone Micol , Lucarelli Stefano
Published: April 2024

We envision a scalable economic model based on participatory economic theories that can sustain the distributed design and production of software and hardware based on the free and open-source ethos. Beyond licensing, we imagine a model that rewards people making contributions to projects for which free markets have a demand. The underpinnings of our model are abundance and shared information, whereas we see scarcity and accumulation of knowledge as the shortcomings of economic models currently applied to most free markets. We name this model Creative Flows, and we propose it for adoption in the Fab City network through the implementation of Fab City OS.
BtB-Marketing als eigenständige Teildisziplin des Marketings
Authors: Laschet Fabio-Yannick
Published: April 2024

Obgleich das BtB-Marketing einen originären Vermarktungsansatz erfordert, ist es zugleich als eine Teildisziplin des allgemeinen Marketings einzuordnen. Für ein grundlegendes Verständnis des BtB-Marketings bedarf es somit zunächst einer Reflexion des Grundverständnisses des Marketings. Die weithin etablierte und dieser Arbeit zugrundeliegende Auffassung definiert Marketing als Konzept der marktorientierten Unternehmensführung.
Empirische Studien zu Noncomplainern im BtB-Kontext
Authors: Laschet Fabio-Yannick
Published: April 2024

In den vorangegangenen zwei Kapiteln wurden die begrifflichen und theoretischen Grundlagen – einerseits bezüglich des BtB-Marketings sowie des organisationalen Beschaffungsverhaltens und andererseits des Beschwerdemanagements und insb. des Noncomplainings – dargestellt und die mit der vorliegenden Arbeit in Zusammenhang stehenden Forschungsdefizite angestoßen. Hierauf aufbauend setzt das folgende Kapitel das fokale Anliegen dieser Arbeit in den Vordergrund: die empirische Untersuchung der bisher aufgeworfenen und andiskutierten Fragestellungen.
Diskussion der Ergebnisse und Handlungsimplikationen für Theorie und Praxis
Authors: Laschet Fabio-Yannick
Published: April 2024

Die übergeordnete Zielsetzung der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, Noncomplainer im BtB-Bereich vor dem Hintergrund der marktorientierten Unternehmensführung und damit verbundener, ausgewählter Einflussfaktoren zu untersuchen. Konkret sollten zunächst angesichts der vorherrschenden Besonderheiten des BtB-Marketings Antezedenzien des organisationalen Noncomplainings identifiziert werden. Hierbei wurde im Anschluss an eine qualitative Pilotstudie in den quantitativen Erhebungen eins und 2a die Koexistenz individueller bzw. persönlichkeits- und gruppenstrukturbezogener Variablen fokussiert.
Schlussbetrachtung
Authors: Laschet Fabio-Yannick
Published: April 2024

Der Wandel, in dem sich nicht nur Konsumgüter-, sondern auch BtB-Märkte befinden, stellt Anbieter angesichts sich verändernder Kundenerwartungen vor neue Herausforderungen. Eine Möglichkeit, um diesen entgegnen zu können, stellt ein ausgeprägtes Wissen über aktuelle und potenzielle Kunden dar. Vor diesem Hintergrund können Noncomplainer, die ihre Unzufriedenheit nicht unmittelbar an den Anbieter artikulieren, als eine wertvolle Informationsquelle gesehen werden. Zudem können Noncomplainer die Erreichung psychografischer und ökonomischer Zielgrößen massiv gefährden.
Natur und ihre Erkenntnis
Authors: Marzi Thomas , Renner Manfred
Published: April 2024

Wie das vorangehende Kapitel gezeigt hat, wird sowohl in der Bioökonomie wie in Teilen der Circular Economy auf die Natur Bezug genommen und mit ihr argumentiert. Bevor wir untersuchen, welche Vorstellungen hierzu herangezogen werden, müssen wir uns zunächst allgemein mit den Themen Natur und Naturerkenntnis auseinandersetzen. Wissen wir überhaupt, was Natur eigentlich ist?
Institutionen und Kritiken
Authors: Grüny Christian
Published: April 2024

In einem programmatischen Text von 1970 bringt Daniel Buren die Ambivalenz der Institutionenkritik auf den Punkt: „Dieser Kontext gilt als neutral, weil man nicht an ihn denkt; und doch löst sich jedes Werk als Werk in nichts auf, wenn es ohne ihn erscheint, also zeitlos und unbegrenzt, ja rein und neutral ist.“ Die Rahmungen oder Institutionen, in denen künstlerische Arbeiten erscheinen, sind alles andere als neutral, sie sind aber auch nicht einfach Verzerrungen künstlerischer Gestaltungen, die ohne sie (je nach Vorliebe) besser, reiner, authentischer, kritischer wären. Sich von ihnen vollständig zu befreien, liefe auf eine Auflösung der Sache heraus, auf die Unmöglichkeit, überhaupt noch etwas als Kunst zu produzieren oder zu rezipieren. Wenn es aber keine reine, rahmen- und institutionslose Kunst gibt, kann ihre Institutionen kritisieren nur bedeuten, sie umzubauen. Eine Voraussetzung dafür ist es, sie erst einmal künstlerisch sichtbar zu machen – ohne dass vorweg klar wäre, welcher Art diese Sichtbarkeit sein könnte, und ohne dass es irgendeine Garantie dafür gäbe, dass sie zu tatsächlichen Veränderungen führt.
Bewegung im Museum
Authors: Grüny Christian
Published: April 2024

Die vorigen beiden Kapitel sind vergleichend vorgegangen, indem sie zur gleichen Zeit entstandene, inhaltlich affine Arbeiten aus verschiedenen Disziplinen unter dem Stichwort der Institutionenkritik nebeneinandergelegt bzw. die verschlungenen Wege der medialen Formation des score in und durch verschiedene künstlerische Disziplinen nachgezeichnet haben. Beide legten ihren Fokus auf die 1960er- und 70er-Jahre. In diesem Kapitel soll es nun um die Gegenwart gehen, und zwar um den Wechsel einzelner Künstler*innen oder ganzer künstlerischer Bewegungen an andere disziplinäre Orte. Man könnte hier allgemein zwischen Touristen, Überläufern und Nomaden unterscheiden: Manche kommen als Gäste, andere richten sich auf Dauer ein; einige wenige führen eine nomadische Existenz, die sich keinem Ort wirklich zuordnen lässt und so den immer wieder neu zu kalibrierenden Umgang mit den unterschiedlichen Vorstellungen, Normen und Genealogien zur eigenen Normalität gemacht hat.
Bounding the Dimension-5 Seesaw Portal with non-pointing photon searches
Authors: Duarte L. , Jones-Pérez J. , Manrique-Chavil C.
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The addition of d = 5 operators to the Seesaw model leads to the Dimension-5 Seesaw Portal. Here, two new operators provide interactions for the heavy sterile neutrinos. In particular, the Higgs boson can have a large branching ratio into two heavy neutrinos, meaning that these states can be searched for at the LHC. Moreover, the heavy neutrinos can now decay dominantly into light neutrinos and photons. If the heavy neutrinos are long-lived, then searches for delayed, non-pointing photons can constrain the model. In this work, we carry out a detailed recast of an ATLAS search for such displaced photons, triggered by a charged lepton produced in association to the Higgs, placing bounds on the branching ratio for Higgs decay into two heavy neutrinos as low as 2%.
On string theory on deformed BTZ and $$ \textrm{T}\overline{\textrm{T}} $$
Authors: Chakraborty Soumangsu , Giveon Amit , Hashimoto Akikazu
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Aspects of superstring theory on deformed BTZ black holes, formed near k NS5 branes by p fundamental strings, and single-trace $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

holography, are presented. The excitation energy of a singly wound long string plus its contribution to the energy of the black hole, 1/p fraction of the black-hole energy, is the same as that in $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

deformed CFT2 with c = 6k. This supports the claim that the black hole can be thought of as a state in a symmetric product of p CFT2’s of central charge 6k, where the black-hole energy is split equally among all p factors. A comment on superstring theory on deformed global AdS3 is also presented.
Supersymmetric index for small black holes
Authors: Chowdhury Chandramouli , Sen Ashoke , Shanmugapriya P. , Virmani Amitabh
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Supersymmetric elementary string states in the compactified heterotic string theory are described by small black holes that have zero area event horizon. In this paper we compute the supersymmetric index of such elementary string states using gravitational path integral. The dominant contribution to the path integral comes from an Euclidean rotating black hole solution of the supergravity theory with a finite area event horizon, but the logarithm of the index, computed from the saddle point, vanishes. Nevertheless we show that the solution is singular on certain subspaces of the horizon where higher derivative corrections can be important, and once the higher derivative corrections are taken into account the solution could yield a finite result for the logarithm of the index whose form agrees with the microscopic results up to an overall numerical constant. While the numerical constant is not determined in our analysis, we show that it is independent of the details of the compactification and even the number of non-compact dimensions, in agreement with the microscopic results.
Searching for minicharged particles at the energy frontier with the MoEDAL-MAPP experiment at the LHC
Authors: Kalliokoski Matti , Mitsou Vasiliki A. , de Montigny Marc , Mukhopadhyay Abhinab , Ouimet Pierre-Philippe A. , Pinfold James , Shaa Ameir , Staelens Michael
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The MoEDAL’s Apparatus for Penetrating Particles (MAPP) Experiment is designed to expand the search for new physics at the LHC, significantly extending the physics program of the baseline MoEDAL Experiment. The Phase-1 MAPP detector (MAPP-1) is currently undergoing installation at the LHC’s UA83 gallery adjacent to the LHCb/MoEDAL region at Interaction Point 8 and will begin data-taking in early 2024. The focus of the MAPP experiment is on the quest for new feebly interacting particles — avatars of new physics with extremely small Standard Model couplings, such as minicharged particles (mCPs). In this study, we present the results of a comprehensive analysis of MAPP-1’s sensitivity to mCPs arising in the canonical model involving the kinetic mixing of a massless dark U(1) gauge field with the Standard Model hypercharge gauge field. We focus on several dominant production mechanisms of mCPs at the LHC across the mass-mixing parameter space of interest to MAPP: Drell-Yan pair production, direct decays of heavy quarkonia and light vector mesons, and single Dalitz decays of pseudoscalar mesons. The 95% confidence level background-free sensitivity of MAPP-1 for mCPs produced at the LHC’s Run 3 and the HL-LHC through these mechanisms, along with projected constraints on the minicharged strongly interacting dark matter window, are reported. Our results indicate that MAPP-1 exhibits sensitivity to sizable regions of unconstrained parameter space and can probe effective charges as low as 8 × 10−4e and 6 × 10−4e for Run 3 and the HL-LHC, respectively.
Convolutional double copy in (anti) de Sitter space
Authors: Liang Qiuyue , Nagy Silvia
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The double copy is a remarkable relationship between gauge theory and gravity that has been explored in a number of contexts, most notably scattering amplitudes and classical solutions. The convolutional double copy provides a straightforward method to bridge the two theories via a precise map for the fields and symmetries at the linearised level. This method has been thoroughly investigated in flat space, offering a comprehensive dictionary both with and without fixing the gauge degrees of freedom. In this paper, we extend this to curved space with an (anti) de Sitter background metric. We work in the temporal gauge, and employ a modified convolution that involves the Mellin transformation in the time direction. As an example, we show that the point-like charge in gauge theory double copies to the (dS-) Schwarzschild black hole solution.
Approximation by Modified Generalized Sampling Series
Authors: Turgay Metin , Acar Tuncer
Published: April 2024

In the present paper, we introduce a new family of sampling operators, so-called “modified sampling operators”, by taking a function $$\rho $$
ρ
that satisfies the suitable conditions, and we study pointwise and uniform convergence of the family of newly introduced operators. We give the rate of convergence of the family of operators via classical modulus of continuity. We also obtain an asymptotic formula in the sense of Voronovskaja. Moreover, we investigate the approximation properties of modified sampling operators in weighted spaces of continuous functions characterized by $$\rho $$
ρ
function. Finally, we present examples of some kernels that satisfy the appropriate assumptions. At the end, we present some graphical and numerical representations by comparing the modified sampling operators and the classical sampling operators.
Convergence of solutions of a one-phase Stefan problem with Neumann boundary data to a self-similar profile
Authors: Hilhorst Danielle , Roscani Sabrina , Rybka Piotr
Published: April 2024

We study a one-dimensional one-phase Stefan problem with a Neumann boundary condition on the fixed part of the boundary. We construct the unique self-similar solution, and show that starting from arbitrary initial data, solution orbits converge to the self-similar solution.