bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN GURU PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI (PAUD) DALAM DETEKSI DINI STUNTING DI PG/TK AL AZAM KELURAHAN JATISARI KECAMATAN MIJEN KOTA SEMARANG
Authors: Rochmayani Dewi Sari Sari , Zulaika Chuznul , Budiono Irwan
Published: November 2020

Saat ini belum semua institusi pendidikan anak usia dini (PAUD) melaksankan deteksi dini stunting, termasuk di PAUD Al Azzam Kelurahan Jatisari Kecamatan Mijen Kota Semarang. Studi pendahuluan di PAUD Al Azzam menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan guru PAUD tentang stunting termasuk dalam katergori kurang. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan guru PAUD tentang deteksi dini stunting.

Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilakkukan dengan metode ceramah, diskusi, tanya jawab, demonstrasi, dan kerja kelompok. Sasaran pengabdian adalah guru PAUD di KB/TK Al Azam Jatisari Mijen Semarang. Pengetahuan tentang stunting diukur dengan kuesioner yang memuat 10 parameter tentang stunting. Pre test dan post test dilakukan untuk mengetahui peningkatan pengetahuan guru PAUD tentang stunting.

Hasil pengabdian kepada masyarakat  menunjukkan rata- rata skor pengetahuan subyek tentang stunting sebelum dilaksanakan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat adalah 6,5 meningkat menjadi 9,5 setelah pengabdian. Hal ini menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan skor pengetahuan subyek tentang stunting secara signifikan setelah dilaksanakan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat.

Berdasarkan hasil pengabdian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian komunikasi informasi dan edukasi (KIE) gizi pada guru PAUD dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan guru PAUD tentang deteksi dini masalah stunting.
HEALTH PROMOTION FAKTOR RISIKO SINDROM METABOLIK DI POSBINDU MARGAMULYA KECAMATAN SINGAPARNA TAHUN 2018
Authors: Hidayani Wuri Ratna
Published: November 2020

Sindrom metabolik merupakan kelompok abnormalitas metabolik pada seorang individu yang dihubungkan dengan risiko yang meningkat dari penyakit kardiovaskuler (Soleha, et al, 2016). Sindrom metabolik adalah kumpulan gangguan metabolisme seperti obesitas sentral, hipertensi, intoleransi glukosa dan dislipidemia yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya berbagai penyakit degeneratif seperti penyakit kardiovaskuler (PKV), stroke, diabetes melitus tipe 2 (Sihombing, et al, 2015). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian Hidayani (2017) pada penelitian kasus kontrol di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Singaparna menyatakan bahwa jenis kelamin pendidikan, pekerjaan, kebiasaan merokok, dan aktivitas fisik tidak berhubungan dengan sindrom metabolik (p>0,05). Ada hubungan antara umur (OR=3,33;p=0,0071) dan pola makan (OR=2,70;p=0,027)dengan sindrom metabolik pada orang dewasa di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Singaparna Tahun 2017. Hasil analisis regresi logistik diketahui pola makan merupakan faktor dominan sindrom metabolik (Hidayani, 2017). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, penulis tertarik untuk melakukan pengabdian masyarakat “Health Promotion Faktor Risiko Sindrom Metabolik di Posbindu Margamulya Kecamatan Singaparna Tahun 2018
KEGIATAN PENYULUHAN PADA IBU BALITA TENTANG PENTINGNYA IMUNISASI BAGI BATITA DI Kp MARGAMULYA DESA CIKUNIR KECAMATAN SINGAPARNA TASIKMALAYA TAHUN 2018
Authors: Rahmidini Annisa , Yunie Chanty
Published: November 2020

Imunisasi dalam sistem kesehatan nasional adalah salah satu bentuk intervensi kesehatan yang sangat efektif dalam upaya menurunkan angka kematian bayi dan balita. Dasar utama pelayanan kesehatan, bidang preventif merupakan prioritas utama, dengan melakukan imunisasi terhadap seorang anak atau balita, tidak hanya memberikan perlindungan pada anak lainnya, karena terjadi tingkat imunitas umum yang meningkat dan mengurangi penyebaran infeksi (Ranuh dkk, 2011).

Imunisasi dasar adalah pemberian imunisasi awal pada bayi untuk mencapai kadar kekebalan di atas ambang perlindungan (Depkes RI, 2012). Jenis- jenis imunisasi dasar, yaitu: BCG, yaitu imunisasi dasar yang diberikan untuk mencegah penyakit TBC. Kemudian imunisasi dasar Hepatitis B, yang diberikan untuk mencegah penyakit hepatitis B. Selanjutnya DPT, yaitu imunisasi dasar yang diberikan untuk mencegah penyakit difteri, pertusis, dan tetanus. Kemudian imunisasi dasar Campak, yang diberikan untuk mencegah penyakit campak dan yang terakhir imunisasi dasar Polio, yang diberikan untuk mencegah penyakit polio (IDAI, 2014).

Salah satu dari 8 tujuan MDGs pada poin keempat adalah menurunkan angka kematian bayi dengan meningkatkan status imunisasi terutama imunisasi dasar lengkap pada bayi karena imunisasi merupakan hal yang wajib untuk melindungi bayi dari penyakit yang kerap menyerang. Namun, cakupan imunisasi dasar masih di bawah target (Priyono, 2010).

 

 

Cakupan imunisasi dasar di Desa Cikunir sudah mencapai angkat 80-90%, akan tetapi target cakupan imunisasi dasar yaitu 100% sehingga seluruh batita yang ada di Desa Cikunir mendapatkan imunisasi dasar. Untuk meningkatkan cakupan target tersebut perlu adanya kesadaran dari ibu yang memiliki batita untuk dapat membawa batitanya ke posyandu sehingga mendapatkan imunisasi dasar sesuai dengan jadwal pemberiannya.

Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka perlunya dilakukan penyuluhan kepada ibu yang memiliki batita tentang pentingnya imunisasi dasar dan jadwal imunisasi, sehingga setiap batita mendapatkan imunisasi dasar lengkap.
FAKTOR STATUS GIZI BALITA DI DESA CIMANGGUNG KECAMATAN CIMANGGUNG KABUPATEN SUMEDANG TAHUN 2012
Authors: Khodijah, S.ST., M.Kes Upus Piatun , Nur’aini, Amd.Keb Neni
Published: November 2020

Masalah gizi anak balita sudah saatnya ditangani dengan lebih terintegrasi, melibatkan unsur masyarakat dan organisasi setempat, dengan meningkatkan kesadaran pentingnya pemantauan tumbuh kembang balita untuk mendeteksi kemungkinan adanya gangguan pertumbuhan yang akan menjadi tanda awal terjadinya masalah gizi . Masalah gizi pada anak jika tidak mendapatkan penanganan yang baik dapat berkontribusi terhadap angka kematian balita. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui  faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan status gizi balita di Desa Cimanggung Kecamatan Cimanggung Kabupaten Sumedang Tahun 2012 .  Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan desain cross sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu yang mempunyai balita di Desa Cihanjuang Kecamatan Cimanggung dengan sebanyak 88 orang dengan teknik simple random sampling. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis univariat dan bivariat. Hasil penelitian sebagian besar pengetahuan responden tentang gizi balita cukup baik (56,8%), sebagian besar ber pendapatan keluarga rendah (71,6%), sebagian besar kecukupan energi defisit (73,9%), sebagian besar kecukupan protein defisit (58,0%), sebagian besar status gizi pada balita cukup baik (58,0%), tidak ada hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu tentang gizi balita, pendapatan keluarga dan konsumsi pangan dengan status gizi balita di Desa Cimanggung Kecamatan Cimanggung Kabupaten Sumedang. Diharapkan petugas kesehatan lebih meningkatkan upaya promosi kesehatan melalui penyuluhan dan pemberian informasi untuk mencegah kejadian gizi kurang dan buruk, serta keaktifan ibu balita lebih dalam mencari informasi dan juga menghadiri kegiatan di posyandu agar ibu lebih memahami perkembangan gizi pada balita.

 

Kata Kunci : Status Gizi, Gizi Buruk, Balita,
GAMBARAN JENIS JAMBAN DAN TEMPAT SAMPAH DI DUSUN GUNUNG KAWUNG DESA CIKUNIR KECAMATAN SINGAPARNA TAHUN 2019
Authors: Yasin, M.Kes Drs. Ade
Published: November 2020

ABSTRAK

Sanitasi merupakan salah satu komponen dari kesehatan lingkungan yaitu perilaku yang disengaja untuk membudayakan hidup bersih untuk mencegah manusia bersentuhan langsung dengan kotoran dan bahan buangan berbahaya lainnya, dengan harapan dapat menjaga dan meningkatkan kesehaan manusia (Suprihatin, 2015). Upaya sanitasi dasar pada masyarakat diantaranya jamban sehat dan pengelolaan sampah (Celesta dan Fitriyah, 2019). Tujuan Penelitian : Untuk mengetahui gambaran jenis jamban dan tempat sampah di Dusun Gunung Kawung, Desa Cikunir Kecamatan Singaparna 2019.

           Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan desain deskriptif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh kepala keluarga di wilayah Dusun Gunung Kawung sebanyak 948 orang. Tehnik samping adalah total sampling. Variabel yang diteliti adalah Jenis jamban  dan ketersediaan tempat sampah. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah pedoman wawancara dan lembar observasi.

Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa mayoritas tempat sampah terbanyak yaitu menggunakan tempat sampah terbuka yaitu sebanyak 602 orang (63,6%). Serta mayoritas jenis jamban yang banyak digunakan yaitu leher angsa sebanyak 234 orang (40.8 %)

Rekomendasi peneliti adalah Mengadakan penyebaran informasi kesehatan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai tempat sampah dan jenis jamban yang memenuhi syarat kesehatan

 

     Kata kunci : Jenis Jamban. Tempat sampah
GAMBARAN FAKTOR RESIKO PARTUS PRETERM DI RS SMC KABUPATEN TASIKMALAYA TAHUN 2016
Authors: Endah D.S., A.Md.Keb Novi , Susanti, S.SiT, M.Kes Santi
Published: November 2020

Persalinan prematur merupakan penyebab utama terjadinya AKB yaitu sebesar 60-80% morbiditas dan mortalitas neonatal di seluruh dunia. Beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi terhadap kejadian persalinan prematur adalah usia ibu, pekerjaan ibu, status gizi, kondisi sosio-ekonomi, riwayat persalinan sebelumnya, paritas, jarak kelahiran, antenatal care, dan penyakit kehamilan. Penelitian yang dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Singaparna Medika Citra Utama (RS SMC) diperoleh kasus kejadian partus preterm pada tahun 2016 sebanyak 506 orang (25,20%) dari jumlah ibu yang melahirkan sebanyak 2008. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan gambaran faktor resiko partus preterm di RS SMC Singaparna Kabupaten Tasikmalaya tahun 2016.

Metode penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif dengan pendekatan restrospektif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu yang melahirkan partus premature tahun 2016 sebanyak 506 orang dengan sampel menggunakan simple random sampling sebanyak 84 orang. Teknik analisa data menggunakan analisis univariat.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persalinan prematur pada ibu bersalin ada pada kategori preterm yaitu sebesar 63,1%, rata-rata umur ibu 28 tahun, paritas ada pada kategori multipara sebesar 53,6%, KPSW ada pada kategori tidak terjadi KPSW sebesar 69,0%, tidak terjadi gemeli sebesar 86,9%, tidak terjadi preeklamsia sebesar 69,0%, tidak terjadi ekslamsia sebesar 95,2%, tidak terjadi plasenta previa sebesar 86,9%, tidak terdapat penyakit yang menyertai sebesar 94,0%, tidak mempunyai riwayat persalinan preterm sebesar 77,4%.

Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa faktor penyebab terjadinya persalinan adalah umur, paritas, KPSW, gameli, preeklamsia, eklamsia, plasenta previa, penyakit yang menyertai, dan riwayat persalinan prematur. Hendaknya bidan memberikan pelayanan ANC secara terpadu sesuai dengan pedoman agar dapat mendeteksi secara dini faktor resiko terjadinya partus preterm.
GAMBARAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENYEBAB KEMATIAN BAYI 0-12 BULAN DI RSUD SMC KABUPATEN TASIKMALAYATAHUN 2016
Authors: Nuraeni, Am.Keb Neni , Hartiningrum, SST, M.Kes Chanty Yunie
Published: November 2020

Angka kematian bayi di Indonesia masih cukup tinggi.Tedapat banyak faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap tinginya angka kematian ibu dan angka kematian bayi.Diantaranya faktor langsung dan faktor tidak langsung.Data yang diperoleh dari RSUD SMC Kabupaten Tasikmalaya. Jumlah kematian bayi tahun 2015 mencapai 186 kematian bayi (16.1%) dari 1.158 kelahiran, sedangkan pada tahun 2016 kasus kematian bayi menjadi 236 kasus (19.0%) dari 1.240 ibu melahirkan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran faktor-faktor penyebab kematian bayi 0-12 bulan di RSUD SMC Kabupaten Tasikmalaya pada tahun 2016.Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptifretrospektif.sampel dalam penelitian ini seluruh bayi yang meninggal sebanyak 171 kasus diperoleh dengan teknik total sampling.Data diperoleh dengan menggunakan format isian yang berisikan tentang penyebab kematian bayi.

Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa Faktor kematian bayi pada tahun 2016 disebabkan karena faktor asfiksia (50.9%), prematur (8.8%), BBLR (57.3%), sepsis (7.0%), pneumonia (3.5%) dan aspirasi (2.3%), karena komplikasi persalinan berupa KPD (5.8%), prematur (8.8%), jenis  persalinan pontan (74.9%),SC (25.1%), anemia (8.8%), preklampsia/eklampsia (2.9%) dan hipertensi (1.2%), usia resiko tinggi (22.2%), dan grandepara  (8.2%)

Kesimpulan dari penelitian bahwa penyebab kematian bayi tertinggi yaitu disebabkan oleh BBLR, asfiksia, bayi yang dilahirkan secara spontan dan ibu hamil dengan resiko tinggi. Oleh karena itu bidan disarankan memberikan pendekatan dan penyuluhan kepada ibu yang mempunyai resiko terhadap kematian bayi agar kematian bayi dapat dicegah sedini mungkin.
GAMBARAN PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN ANAK USIA 12 BULAN YANG DIBERI ASI EKSKLUSIF DAN YANG TIDAK DIBERI ASI EKSKLUSIF DI DESA BARUMEKAR KECAMATAN PARUNGPONTENG KABUPATEN TASIKMALAYA TAHUN 2017
Authors: AMd.Keb Mutiah , Apriasih, SST, M.Kes Hapi
Published: November 2020

Pemberian ASI Eksklusif sangatlah penting bagi bayi karena nutrisi yang baik pada masa bayi, dapat menyebabkan kesehatan yang baik, pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang optimal selama beberapa bulan pertama kehidupan. Hasil studi pendahuluan yang peneliti lakukan di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya tahun 2016 cakupan ASI Eksklusif adalah 33,71 % dari target sebesar 65,5%, dan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Parungponteng Kabupaten Tasikmalaya merupakan puskesmas ke-1 terendah masalah cakupan ASI Eksklusif sebesar 8,1%. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran pertumbuhan dan perkembangan Anak Usia 12 bulan yang diberi ASI Eksklusif dan yang tidak diberi ASI Eksklusif. Penelitian ini bermanfaat sebagai masukkan bagi ibu untuk meningkatkan kesadaran pentingnya pemberian ASI Eksklusif.

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan observasional. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Barumekar Kecamatan Parungponteng dengan waktu penelitian bulan Maret-April 2017. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling, dengan jumlah responden anak usia 12 bulan yang diberi ASI Eksklusif sebanyak 11 orang, dan yang tidak diberi ASI Eksklusif sebanyak 19. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi, KMS dan KPSP. Analisa data menggunakan analisa univariat dengan menggunakan rumus persentase.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan anak usia 12 bulan yang diberikan ASI Eksklusif ada pada kategori normal (100%), sedangkan yang tidak diberi ASI Eksklusif ada pada kategori tidak normal (36,8%). Perkembangan anak usia 12 bulan yang diberi ASI Eksklusif ada pada kategori sesuai (100%), sedangkan yang tidak diberi ASI Eksklusif hanya beberapa orang yang meragukan (15,8%).

Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bayi usia 12 bulan dapat dipengaruhi oleh pemberian ASI Eksklusif. Disarankan masyarakat/ ibu yang mempunyai anak usia 12 bulan untuk memperdalam mengenai manfaat ASI Eksklusif, dan harus memberikan ASI Eksklusif minimal 6 bulan setelah bayi baru lahir, agar pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak optimal
GAMBARAN KEMATIAN IBU DI WILAYAH KABUPATEN TASIKMALAYA TAHUN 2014
Authors: Nursalam, SKM,M.Mkes Aam , Supriyani, S.KM,M.KM Teni
Published: November 2020

Berdasarkan data hasil Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) tahun 2012, Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) di Indonesia mencapai 359 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup dan Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB) mencapai 32 per 1000 kelahiran hidup. Sedangkan di wilayah Provinsi Jawa Barat data kematian ibu di Jawa Barat pada 2013 adalah 781 kasus dan pada tahun 2014 turun menjadi 747 kasus. Di wilayah Kabupaten Tasikmalaya pada tahun 2014 jumlah kematian ibu adalah 31 orang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui gambaran jumlah kematian ibu berdasarkan tahahapan dan usia di wilayah Kabupaten Tasikmalaya tahun 2014.

Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu yang meninggal pada saat hamil, melahirkan dan nifas di wilayah Kabupaten Tasikmalaya tahun 2014. Tehnik pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara total sampling. Tehnik pengambilan data dilakukan dengan cara studi data sekunder laporan Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten tasikmalaya Tahun 2015. Tehnik analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat.

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa  didapatkan bahwa kematian ibu pada tahun 2014 di wilayah Kabupaten Tasikmalaya adalah 31 orang. Distribusi kematian ibu berdasarkan kecamatan yang paling banyak yaitu Kecamatan Cikalong dan Salopa yaitu 3 orang atau 0.96%. Kematian ibu di wilayah Kabupaten Tasikmalaya tahun  paling banyak terjadi pada tahapan bersalin yaitu 13 orang atau 41,96%. Serta  kematian ibu di wilayah Kabupaten Tasikmalaya tahun 2014 paling banyak terjadi pada usia 20 – 35 tahun  yaitu 24 orang atau 77.4 %.

Disarankan instansi kesehatan dapat meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan ibu dan anak dimulai dari ANC, APN dan asuhan masa nifas.
PENGARUH HYPNOBREASTFEEDING PADA IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER III TERHADAP KECUKUPAN ASI PADA BAYI DI PUSKESMAS KAHURIPAN KECAMATAN TAWANG KOTA TASIKMALAYA TAHUN 2018
Authors: Napilah Igna Siti , Yulia Hj. , Astiriyani Endang
Published: November 2020

Menyusui adalah proses pemberian ASI kepada bayi sejak lahir oleh ibu setelah melahirkan. Beberapa faktor bisa menghambat ketersediaan ASI sehingga menyebabkan bayi tidak cukup ASI, salah satunya adalah faktor psikologis ibu. Hypnobreastfeeding dapat membantu ibu meningkatkan produksi ASI dan mengurangi stress laktasi dengan cara menanamkan afirmasi positif ke dalam pikiran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Hypnobreastfeeding terhadap kecukupan ASI pada bayi.

Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian quasi experiment design dengan rancangan penelitian postest only control group design. Populasi yaitu 50 orang ibu hamil multigravida di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kahuripan. Teknik pengambilan sampling yaitu total sampling dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, terdiri dari 25 orang dengan perlakuan Hypnobreastfeeding, dan 25 orang sebagai kelompok kontrol. Analisis univariat dan bivariat dengan menggunakan uji Mann Withney U Test.

Kecukupan ASI dengan kategori cukup diperoleh hasil sebesar 52% pada kelompok intervensi dan sebesar 24% pada kelompok kontrol. Hasil uji Mann Withney U Test diperoleh hasil dengan (ρvalue) 0,020 kurang dari α (0,05) sehingga H0 ditolak atau terdapat pengaruh hypnobreastfeeding terhadap kecukupan ASI pada bayi.

Terdapat pengaruh hypnobreastfeeding terhadap kecukupan ASI pada bayi. Diharapkan bidan terus memberikan pelayanan maksimal untuk keberhasilan ibu menyusui khususnya dengan melakukan Hypnobreastfeeding ini.
PENGARUH KOMPRES AIR HANGAT DAN AIR DINGIN TERHADAP NYERI TULANG BELAKANG IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER III DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS RAJAPOLAH TAHUN 2018
Authors: Yuspina Aulia , Mulyani Nunung , Silalahi Uly Artha
Published: November 2020

Penatalaksanaannyeripadapunggung saat kehamilan bervariatif seperti penatalaksanaan farmakologimaupunnon farmakologis, Efek fisiologis kompres hangat dapat meredakan nyeri dengan merileksasi otot, memiliki efek sedatif dan meredakan nyeri dan kompres dingin dapat membuat area menjadi mati rasa, memperlambat kecepatan hantaran syaraf sehingga memperlambat aliran impuls nyeri. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan tingkat nyeri punggung ibu hamil trimester 3 setelah dilakukan  kompres air hangat dan air dingin.

Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi eksperimen tipe  non-equivalent  control  group design. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah ibu hamil trimester 3 yang memeriksakan kandungannya di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Rajapolah dan mengeluh sakit punggung dengan teknik accidental sampling jumlah sampel sebesar 56 orang.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai intensitas nyeri punggung pada perlakukan kompres hangat sebesar 1.61 sementara intensitas nyeri punggung pada perlakukan kompres dingin sebesar 0.57. Maka dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa kompres dingin lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kompres hangat karena nilai rata-rata turunnya rasa sakit pada punggung sebesar 0.57.

Kesimpulannya yaitu ada perbedaan tingkat nyeri sebelum dan setelah dilakukan kompres air hangat dan dingin di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Rajapolah, dan kompres dingin lebih baik dalam penurunan nyerinya dibandingkan dengan kompres hangat.

Sarannya agar kompres dingin ini dapat diterapkan dan diajarkan kepada ibu hamil  sehingga dapat membantu ibu dalam mengatasi nyeri punggungnya
Tradição e novidade na técnica lexicográfica de Raphael Bluteau no Vocabulário Portuguez E Latino (1712-1721)
Authors: Santana Messias dos Santos
Published: November 2020

A lexicografia de língua portuguesa inicia-se de forma muito tímida na seguda metade do século XVI e somente no século XVIII terá a sua primeira grande obra, o Vocabulario Portuguez e Latino, de Raphael Bluteau. Desse modo, este estudo analisou os oito primeiros volumes desta obra, objetivando identificar algumas das marcas que a caracterizam em relação à produção lexicográfica de língua portuguesa anterior, sob as perspectivas da História das Ideias Linguísticas, com Auroux e Colombat (1999) e Verdelho (1995, 2002), e da História das Ciências, com Fleck (1986). Os resultados indicam que a obra de Bluteau introduz técnicas ainda não adotadas (ou adotadas de forma não-sistemática) pelos primeiros dicionários, destacando-se: uso de letra maiúscula nas entradas; indicação detalhada das fontes das entradas e dos exemplos apresentados; definições amplas e exemplificação com palavras que não pertencem ao uso culto; e emprego de acento nas palavras portuguesas para indicar ao leitor como pronunciá-las.
Costa Rica Central Valley gastronomic lexicon structuring from an ontological arrangement
Authors: Lázaro Jorge , Gamboa Hazel Barahona , Martínez Gerardo Sierra
Published: November 2020

This paper describes how terminology and ontologies interact in a coherent and exhaustive manner, and how the neological appearance is obtained from the derivation of the specificity and functionality of a specific corpus. This research shows categories that do not exist either in the Glossary of Costa Rican popular cuisine (SEDÓ MASÍS, 2008), or in the Dictionary of Costarriquenismos (QUESADA PACHECO, 2012). The omission of some of these categories clearly shows that the terms have been historically organized taking into account only the lexical factor, but not the conceptual organization. Therefore, this study intends to play with the "disagreement" between speakers and specialists to show that a reorganization of the terms of an area is possible. For this, a corpus of 596 recipes and 4652 ingredients for ontological representation was compiled. Each ontological class was defined by means of its functionality in the recipes. The ontological architecture is formalized through the postulates of Basic Formal Ontology (SMITH, 2014) and is schematized by means of Protégé. In addition, the terminological theories of Cabré (1999), Fedor de Diego (1995) and Roche (2007, 2009) are used.
NEUROREFLEX MECHANISMS OF ACTION AS PART OF PHYSIOTHERAPY IN DISTAL HUMERUS FRACTURES IN THE EARLY POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD
Authors:   Department of Public Health and Health Care, Faculty of Public Health and Social Activity, University of Ruse Angel Kanchev - Ruse, Bulgaria, Mindova Stefka , Koev Nikolai ,   Nikolai Koev, physiotherapist – master’s degree in physical therapy, Varna, Bulgaria.
Published: November 2020

Of the large joints in the human body, the elbow joint is the most complicated from an anatomical and functional point of view. Its structure and function are such that they make it particularly sensitive to injuries, after which in many cases there is a permanent loss of movement. Elbow fractures rate is about 5.5% of all musculoskeletal system fractures. The most common are fractures of the radial head (2.8%), followed by those of olecranon (1%) and the distal part of the humerus (0.5%). Elbow fractures are one of the most difficult injuries to the upper limb to treat and physiotherapy. There are a number of contradictions regarding the most accurate method of treatment and model of recovery, because unlike the shoulder, in the elbow joint even the smallest incongruity in the joint surfaces lead to loss of movement, and prolonged immobilization - to joint contractures. The functional insufficiency of the elbow complex leads to the impossibility of self-service and work. One-third of the fractures of the elbow joint affect the distal humerus. The mechanism of injury is a fall on a stretched upper limb or a direct blow to the elbow.
Corn Agronomic Attributes in Succession of Leguminous Cover Crops and Nitrogen Doses
Authors: Cieslik Laures Francisco , Conceição Paulo Cesar , Machado de Oliveira Jaqueline Pereira , Dahlem Ziech Ana Regina , Stumpf Lizete , De Freitas Leandro Alves
Published: November 2020

This study aimed to determine the dry biomass and nitrogen accumulation, the height and stem diameter of corn crop preceded by different leguminous cover crops, under different nitrogen doses. The study was conducted in the experimental area of Federal Technology University of Paraná, in Dois Vizinhos. The eigth cover crops consisted on: Sunn hemp; Crotalaria spectabilis; Jackbean; Cajanus cajan; Dolichos lablab; Velvet beans; Black velvet beans and Spontaneous species. The two dose nitrogen fertilization included: zero kg N ha-1; 180 kg N ha-1 applied in a single dose, under conditions of adequate humidity, 47 days after corn seeding. Were evaluated the height, dry biomass and basal stem diameter corn and the decomposition and release of N from the cover plants. The use of leguminous before corn crop is a good option for the southwest region of Paraná because it promotes soil protection and can promote increased carbon stock in the environment. The leguminous cover crop should be used like green manure, making them important species in the Brazilian agriculture sustainability context, once there are evidence of reducing or even not using mineral nitrogen fertilization in the subsequent agricultural crops, mainly the Jackbean.
Reflections on German and Polish Historical Policies of Holocaust Memory
Authors: Hudzik Jan P.
Published: November 2020

The aim of these reflections is to confront the German and Polish historical policies concerning the Holocaust. The author outlines their different historical backgrounds, and takes note of the most heated debate of recent times on this subject that revolved around the amendment to the Act on the Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) from January 2018. He ends with a case study analysis of the ways in which historians behave in the public sphere: the case of the researchers belonging to the so-called New Polish School of the Holocaust. Historical or memory policy is understood as the image of a society or a country as a whole, a certain hypostasis created by public discourses of political actors, intellectuals, and media people. This image plays an important role in international relations. Taking the perspective of critical theory, in particular an analysis of the status of knowledge/truth and its political role the author also explores media releases made by professional historians as well as political statements and actions directly pertinent to historical policy.
Earthquake strengthening of old masonry with reference to the Auckland Ferry Building
Authors: Gurley C. R. , Nicholls J. S. F.
Published: November 2020

The paper describes Auckland's seismicity and the history of the Auckland Ferry Building completed in 1912. Strengthening of the structures foundation as well as non-structural components is described with emphasis on internal drilling and steel placement techniques. Fire and Egress requirements are also considered.
Automated structural dynamic modelling using model-free health monitoring results
Authors: Tondut Jeanne , Chase J Geoffrey , Zhou Cong
Published: November 2020

Structural health monitoring (SHM) methods provide damage metrics and localisation, but not a means of answering subsequent questions concerning immediate or long-term damage mitigation, risk, or safety in re-occupancy. Models based on the SHM results would provide a means to test these issues, but typically require extensive human input, which is not available immediately after an event to enhance and optimise immediate decision-making. This work presents a simple, readily automated modelling approach to translate SHM results from the proven hysteresis loop analysis (HLA) method into foundation models for immediate use. Experimental data from a 3-storey structure tested at the E-Defense facility in Japan are used to assess model performance. The model’s ability to capture the essential dynamics is assessed by comparing peak dynamic displacement and cross correlation coefficient (Rcoeff). For all 6 events, 3 storeys, and 2 directions, median (5-95% Range) of peak displacement error was 0.82 (0.17, 4.09) mm, and average Rcoeff = 0.82, all of which were significantly improved if the worst event was excluded. Overall, accurate nonlinear, time-varying baseline models were created using data from SHM damage identification and localisation methods using relatively quite simple model structures. The method is readily automated via algorithm, and the models were suitable for initial investigation and analysis on safety, damage mitigation, and thus re-occupancy. Such models could take SHM from being a tool for damage identification and extend it into further decision-making, creating far greater utility for engineers and owners, which could further spur impetus for investment in monitoring.
Religious Education in the Arab World: Saudi Arabia, Sudan and Egypt as Models
Authors: Omar Mona Taha Muhammad
Published: November 2020

The study explored religious education (RE), Islamic and Christian, in the Arab world and its role in qualifying students to university education, taking Saudi Arabia, Sudan and Egypt as models. A controversy about the validity of RE as a bridge to university education in the Arab world provided the impetus to carry out the present study. Using the descriptive analytical method, the author studied the reality of RE with its different types in the selected countries and the extent to which these experiences are successful. The results revealed that the three RE experiences are successful. RE was found to have many educational and behavioral effects, e.g., elimination of religious extremism, alleviation of oppression experienced by religious minorities and acquisition of good behavior. It also proved to furnish students with many important skills such as co-existence and respect for others. Students of religious schools in the three countries were found to achieve good results that qualified them to all branches of knowledge, applied and theoretical, in university education. They even excelled their counterparts in general education schools. Recommendations and suggestions for further research are offered.
Analysis of regulations concerning IFR flights of RPAS unmanned systems in controlled airspace
Authors: Lichoń Daniel
Published: November 2020

Aerial vehicles class of RPAS (Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems) is a group of unmanned flying vehicles performing non-autonomous flights, controlled by a ground operator. The civil market of RPAS applications is a dynamically growing part of the industry. European strategy establishes to create the environment for performing RPAS civil operations in common airspace (by the 2024-2028 years). Currently, in Europe, the dominant model for RPAS flights is airspace segregation. The aim of this paper is the identification of the fields in regulations that need to be developed towards fulfilling the requirements of RPAS flight integration in common airspace. The attention was focused on the unmanned aircraft operations on controlled airports and within controlled airports airspaces. The analysis of current RPAS regulations was performed with relation to the classification, safety of flights, certification and existing IFR RPAS procedures. The dependence between mass categorization of RPAS and the level of allowed air operations was considered. Selected regulations of international institutions (ICAO, EASA) and national authorities (EU members and outside EU countries) were used. The performed analysis allowed to identify the advance of existing regulations, indicate the advantageous rules for RPAS flights and find the fields in which the further development or modifications are required towards the integration of RPAS IFR flights in common airspace.
Mathematical model of an inadvertent stall
Authors: Pacak Patrycja
Published: November 2020

This paper contains the mathematical model of an inadvertent stall as the incipient phase of a spin. Some further simplifications were included. Representation of a rigid plane was modeled as the three-dimensional movement of center of gravity. The equations of motion were presented, as well as the basic equations for the LLT method. The aerodynamic stall as the specific flight phase and the Loss of Control in Flight cause of aircraft accident sets the global safety concern that needs further actions. The created mathematical model shall be used for creating simulation algorithms for an inadvertent stall.
Human Rights Defenders under Pressure
Authors: Kleemann Steven
Published: November 2020

2018 marked both the 70th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the 20th anniversary of the Declaration on Human Rights Defenders. However, Human Rights Defenders have quickly become a target for authoritarian and illiberal regimes around the world.

To make things worse, in recent years Human Rights Defenders and civil society have also been strong-armed, restricted in their work or even exposed to violence by democratic states increasingly. Steven Kleemann therefore examines this so-called “shrinking spaces” phenomenon in a European context and takes into account the international legal framework.
Not the Same Old Chestnut
Authors: Brister Evelyn , Newhouse Andrew E. ,   Center for Environmental Philosophy, The University of North Texas
Published: November 2020

We argue that the wild release of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) can be justified as a way of preserving species and ecosystems. We look at the case of a genetically modified American chestnut (Castanea dentata) that is currently undergoing regulatory review. Because American chestnuts are functionally extinct, a genetically modified replacement has significant conservation value. In addition, many of the arguments used against GMOs, especially GMO crops, do not hold for American chestnut trees. Finally, we show how GMOs such as the American chestnut support a reorientation of conservation values away from restoration as it has historically been interpreted, and toward an alternative framework known as rewilding.
The respiration muscles recovery tangent after the breath holding: The study of affirmation of methods of knowledge
Authors: Ostojić Mirko , Stefanović Đorđe
Published: November 2020

The subject of this research is the individual respiration constant calculated based on the respiratory musculature breathing equation. This non-experimental observation conducted on a sample of students from the Faculty of Sports and Physical Education in Belgrade (N=30). The measurement aimed at the acquisition and analysis of the average power of the surface electromyography signal (sEMG) in the protocols before and after prolonged respiratory retention. The results of the research showed that the individual coefficient of control break (Cp) represents a unique characteristic of the respiratory muscles of the subjects. In a relatively trained sample of young people of both sexes, it determined that after holding their breath, until the moment of the so-called "stroke" (progression of respiration to adapt to a stressful situation), recovery time has a linear course and is directly related to the engagement of the monitored respiratory muscles of the subjects, i.e., indirectly the capacity of the individual to assimilate O2 from the inhaled air. In the practical meaning of this research, we emphasize that individual results can be correlated with the equation of respiration of respiratory muscles, to find out and approach the original method for the presented personal respirational constant.
Corporate governance and privatization in selected countries in transition
Authors: Marin Slobodan , Šušić Milan , Nikolić Nikola
Published: November 2020

Research on improvements effectiveness of corporate governance mechanisms is a very complex research topic in the field of corporate governance, as well as strategic management. Different theoretical models and empirical results indicate the interdependence of corporate governance mechanisms and procedures within strategic decision-making. However, tradition and research to date indicate that a range of different approaches to corporate governance are evolving around the world. In practice, it is known that there is no single and always optimal choice of corporate governance model, as it depends on legal regulations, institutional frameworks and traditions of the country. However, all of them have in common that there is a high priority that works to increase the interest of shareholders in company, that the shareholders' funds can be used efficiently and wisely. Practice has shown that the regulatory and legal framework of most countries in transition did not have enough time to develop and adapt to the needs of privatization, which significantly affected its course and results. With progress in implementing reform processes, transition countries have constantly innovated privatization models. At the same time, each of them has developed a relatively specific model of property transformation, in accordance with the characteristics of the economy and the political situation. The importance of the privatization process in transition countries is reflected in increasing the efficiency of the economy, building the foundations for the introduction of a market economy and increasing government revenues. The main goal of the research, in this paper, is to analyze the results of the privatization process so far, emphasizing the advantages and disadvantages of this process, ie pointing out the positive experiences and key limitations with which countries in transition were faced during the implementation of the privatization process, which influenced the profiling of their business environment.
Stakeholder Engagement and Financial Performance of Firms Listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE)
Authors:   Department of Business Management, Turfloop Campus, University of Limpopo, Limpopo Province, South Africa, Dzomonda Obey
Published: November 2020

Attaining sustainable development will remain an elusive agenda if there is no effective stakeholder engagement. All stakeholders need to come on board to share and collaborate on environmental sustainability initiatives. This study investigated the relationship between stakeholder engagement and financial performance. The study area of this study was all FTSE/JSE listed firms. The researcher opted for a quantitative research approach and used a case study research design. The longitudinal design was adopted where the researcher collected panel data from 2011-2018. The sample of this study was 32 firms listed on the FTSE/JSE Responsible Investment Index. This resulted in 256 observations for the period under consideration. This study utilised secondary data, which is annual financial statements of firms listed on the JSE. Stakeholder engagement was the independent variable while the financial performance as measured by the Tobin’s Q was the dependent variable. Quantitative content analysis was used to collect data related to stakeholder engagement. Data was analysed using Panel regression analysis model. The Fixed and Random effects models were used to analyse data. The Hausman test was used to evaluate the appropriate model. The findings showed a positive but insignificant relationship between stakeholder engagement and financial performance as measured by Tobin’s Q. This suggested that stakeholder engagement does not predict market valuation of the firm. It was deduced that probably the concerned firms are sending weak signals to key stakeholders regarding their genuine commitment towards environmental sustainability initiatives. Recommendations were made for firms to send strong signals to investors which clearly show that they are genuinely committed towards environmental sustainability initiatives.
Development of Innovative Polyol Systems From Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate and Renewable Raw Materials for Rigid Polyurethane Foams
Authors:   , Ivdre Aiga
Published: November 2020

The Thesis aims to develop innovative polyols suitable for the production of rigid PU foam from recycled PET flakes and renewable raw material resources (rapeseed oil and tall oil) and to evaluate the effect of polyols on the most important properties of rigid PU foams as a thermal insulation material.
THE FREQUENCY RESPONSE FUNCTION IN A COHERENT OPTICAL SYSTEM AND ITS FREQUENCY SELECTION CHARACTERISTICS IN TRANSMITTING OPTICAL INFORMATION
Authors: TAN WEI-HAN
Published: November 2020

This paper gives an expression of the optical frequency response function suitable for both the incoherent and the coherent optical system. Its physical aspect reveals that the frequency response function plays the role of an information selector.The Becke phenomenon for detesting small refractive index difference between object and its surrounding medium by observing the apparent movement of the diffractional border line (Becke line) on defocusing the optical system has been explained.
THEORY OF COUPLED WAVEGUIDES
Authors: HUANG HUNG-CHIA
Published: November 2020

In this paper, the author endeavors to study the diffraction of electromagnetic wave by a long slot with conducting environment on opposite sides (i.e., a slot-coupled system of arbitrary shapes) from the viewpoint of coupled waves. A novel theory, which is justified by clear physical reasoning, is presented for a practical solution of the relevant boundary-value problem. In the light of this theory, problems of coupled waveguides, like problems of a single waveguide structure, are attacked by the same mathematical approach, namely, the theories of development in the orthogonal functions. Thus, two types of problems heretofore treated diferently are brought under a unified and coherent point of view. To illustrate the applicability of the present theory, the author solves the problem of a long slot directional coupler, whose usefulness in the development of long-distance waveguide transmission is well-known, and derives a set of original formulas for computing the coupler parameters. As concluding remarks, some further appliations of the theory are freely discussed.
Modulating chronic stress
Authors: Bangasser Debra A , Sanchez Evelyn Ordoñes
Published: November 2020

Social rank differentially influences how male and female mice respond to chronic stress.
Identification of hub genes associated with the pathogenesis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma subtype one characterized by host response via integrated bioinformatic analyses
Authors: Zhou Lingna , Ding Liya , Gong Yuqi , Zhao Jing , Xin Gong , Zhou Ren , Zhang Wei
Published: November 2020

Background

Host response diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (HR DLBCL) shares features of histologically defined T-cell/histiocyte-rich B-cell lymphoma, including fewer genetic abnormalities, frequent splenic and bone marrow involvement, and younger age at presentation. HR DLBCL is inherently less responsive to the standard treatment for DLBCL. Moreover, the mechanism of infiltration of HR DLBCL with preexisting abundant T-cells and dendritic cells is unknown, and their associated underlying immune responses incompletely defined. Here, hub genes and pathogenesis associated with HR DLBCL were explored to reveal molecular mechanisms and treatment targets.

Methods

Differentially expressed genes were identified in three datasets (GSE25638, GSE44337, GSE56315). The expression profile of the genes in the GSE53786 dataset was used to constructed a co-expression network. Protein-protein interactions analysis in the modules of interest identified candidate hub genes. Then screening of real hub genes was carried out by survival analysis within the GSE53786 and GSE10846 datasets. Expression of hub genes was validated in the Gene expression profiling interactive analysis, Oncomine databases and human tissue specimens. Functional enrichment analysis and Gene set enrichment analysis were utilized to investigate the potential mechanisms. Tumor Immune Estimation Resource and The Cancer Genome Atlas were used to mine the association of the hub gene with tumor immunity, potential upstream regulators were predicted using bioinformatics tools.

Results

A total of 274 common differentially expressed genes were identified. Within the key module, we identified CXCL10 as a real hub gene. The validation of upregulated expression level of CXCL10 was consistent with our study. CXCL10 might have a regulatory effect on tumor immunity. The predicted miRNA (hsa-mir-6849-3p) and transcription factor (IRF9) might regulate gene expression in the hub module.
Self-organization Simulation Applied to Migration across a Peaceful Border
Authors: Oldham William J. B.
Published: November 2020

Self-organization using simple dynamic laws has been applied to migration across a common border between two entities, states or countries. The motion of the migrants and their final positions are presented.  In the system there were two sets of objects. One set is on a side of the boundary. One side, the right side, is considered to be the better entity.  That is it has a good government and the economy is strong.  On the left side the entity is decidedly different with respect to the governance and the economy.  Each side's objects are further divided into two groups.  The two groups are referred to as strong and weak. The strong represent the governance, rich or elite and weak refers to the general population. Initially the objects are randomly distributed in this two dimensional square bounded region, and then allowed to dynamically interact for a number of iterations. The forces among all of the particles as groups can be defined to be attractive or repulsive and can be adjusted to study the resulting configuration from the dynamics. Four experiments were conducted to see how self-organization applies for these scenarios. In Experiment 1 the migration takes place with only the object-to-object forces active. In Experiment 2 the concept of employment was introduced. An unemployed object was allowed to move faster than an employed object thus giving the unemployed greater mobility. The employment rate on right side is considerably higher than on the left side.   Experiment 3 explores changing one of the forces from repelling to attract. Experiment 3 is the same as Experiment 2 except for this and it went for twice as many iterations. Experiment 4 created employment centers on the right side. These centers provided jobs to left side migrants that came close enough to a center. If the left side object got a center job then that migrant did not move for the remainder of the simulation. In Experiments 1 and 2 there was no incentive for a migrant to remain so the migrant traveled back and forth across the border.  In Experiment 4 it was assumed that the job provided incentive for the migrant to remain at a fixed location. Thus clusters of migrants formed around the job centers.
Application of Adomian Decomposition Method to Solving Higher Order Singular Value Problems for Ordinary Differential Equations
Authors: Hasan Yahya Qaid , Alaqel Somaia Ali
Published: November 2020

This paper is an attempt to solve singular value problems for higher order ordinary differential equation by using new modification of Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM). Convergent series solution of considered problem have been obtained. Three numerical examples are discussed to validate the strength and ease of the method used.