bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modern approaches in the creation of high-entropy and medium-entropy cast aluminum alloys
Authors: Likhatskyi Ivan , Voron Mykhailo
Published: December 2022

The work is devoted to the review of basics of creating high-entropy and medium-entropy alloys (HEAs and MEAs, respectively) and factors that affect on their structural and phase characteristics. The advantages of this type of materials over structural alloys are shown, which is expressed in higher specific values of mechanical properties, heat resistance and other characteristics that are important for work in extreme conditions. Despite the advantages of high-entropy alloys, their industrial production does not have a wide commercial implementation due to the complexity of the production processes. Such a situation encourages the development of HEAs and MEAs that could be produced on an industrial scale. It is shown that highentropy aluminum-based casting alloys have the highest potential for this, as they are the most suitable for obtaining finished products by using foundry technologies. Analysis of modern researches has shown that development of aluminum-based high-entropy and medium-entropy casting alloys, needs to use components that have an eutectic transformation with aluminum and with each other or which do not form high-temperature intermetallics at low concentrations up to 5 % at. The most suitable components for this are Si, Mg, Zn, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ti and V. It gives possibility and rises chances to obtain alloys with a relatively low melting point and high casting properties. Preparation of Al-based HEA melts should be based on the use of concentrated and multicomponent master alloys.
Influence of aromatic substances on locomotor activity of Deroceras agreste slugs
Authors: Remezok M. , Kolombar T. M. , Parhomenko O. V. , Brygadyrenko V. V.
Published: December 2022

The global climate changes are causing an increase in the number and harmfulness of slugs. Deroceras agreste (Linnaeus, 1758) (Stylommatophora, Agriolimacidae) is a polyphagous phytophage that damages over 150 species of plants, including many vegetables, cultivated berries and grasses. Other than decrease in yield, slugs cause deterioration of consumer qualities of the products, promote infections of plants, and are intermediate hosts of some parasites of mammals and birds. Thus, slugs impose great losses on agricultural farming, and therefore the objective of our study was determining the variability of locomotor activity of D. agreste slugs in reaction to aromatic substances. We determined repellent or attractive effects of those substances for the purpose of further using the obtained data for plant protection. We tested 52 substances and their mixtures, which were conditionally divided into the following groups: chemical solvents, plant extracts, aromatizers, organic acids and synthetic cosmetic additives. Only dimethyl sulfoxide could be identified as an attractant. All the rest of the substances increased the speed of the slugs to various degrees, but had no significant effect on the direction of the animals’ movement. Gasoline increased the speed of the slugs’ movement by 3.20 times, xylene by 4.56. The most effective organic acids and aromatizers to increase the moving speed of slugs were avobenzone and formic acid: the first caused a 2.83-fold increase in the moving speed, the other a 3.16-fold increase. Only one of 13 aromatic substances changed the direction of the slugs’ movement during the experiment – β-ionone. As with the plant extracts, the highest effect on locomotor activity of slugs was exerted by tree bark of Quillaja saponaria (3.64-fold) and Aesculus hippocastanum extract (4.33-fold). Furthermore, together with Capsicum frutescens, they changed the direction the mollusks were moving in, and therefore could be used as repellents. Synthetic cosmetic additives hydrolyzed silk and chrysalide oil exerted the greatest effects on the lcomotor activity of slugs (3.16 and 3.20 times, respectively). A total of 78.6% of the slugs moved away from chrysalide oil, and thus this oil may be suggested as a repellent, as well as mousse de babassu and cocamidopropyl betaine (84.6% and 78.6%, respectively). Therefore, a large amount of the tested substances to one or another extent made the slugs move faster, but most of them did not alter the direction in which the slugs were moving.
Assessment of the allelopathic potential of some naturalized tree and shrubby introducents under conditions of the northern steppe Dnieper region
Authors: Ivanko I. A. , Kulik A. F. , Nikolaieva V. V.
Published: December 2022

Nowadays, introduced alien tree and shrubby species have become integral components of the green infrastructure in cities and suburban artificial forest plantations around the world, and their participation in regional dendroflora is steadily increasing. Along with autochthonous species, tree and shrubby introducents perform a wide range of ecological functions and ecosystem services, but, with successful naturalization and increased invasive activity, they can cause negative biological, environmental, social, and economic consequences. The potential for the evolution of adventive species in secondary habitats in the direction of increasing allelopathic activity and competitiveness compared with native species determines the need for assessment of allelopathic potential as a possible predictor of their successful invasive activity. The allelopathic activity of the species was determined by the bioassay method based on the effect of water extracts of different concentrations obtained from dry biomass of leaves on the germination of testing culture seeds of Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus (L.) Domin and biometric indicators of seedlings of Lepidium sativum L. It was determined that in the conditions of the northern steppe Dnieper region, naturalized tree and shrubby introducents Celtis occidentalis L., Morus alba L., Lonicera tatarica L., Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt., Prunus virginiana L., Prunus serotina Ehrh., Rhus typhina L. have significant allelopathic potential, which can be a predictor of increasing their competitiveness compared with native species and increasing invasive activity within the region. Water extracts from dry leaves of the studied tree and shrubby species had an inhibitory effect on seed germination and biometric indicators of testing cultures seedlings; the intensity of this effect varied depending on the plant species and extract concentration. Assessment of the allelopathic potential of the alien tree and shrubby species used in urban and suburban green planting is a necessary measure for preliminary identification of potentially invasive species, which will contribute to the increase of efficiency of green infrastructure management.
The influence of trees and shrubs vegetation of sheltered forest strips on the characteristics of the steppe soil cover
Authors: Yakuba M. S.
Published: December 2022

The soil in forest plantations is in constant close interaction with woody and shrubby plants. It acts as a determining factor in creating optimal conditions for the existence of natural and artificially created forest communities. Modern steppe afforestation has a number of unresolved questions regarding the nature and degree of influence of tree-shrub vegetation on the soil typical for the steppe zone – ordinary chernozem, and the feasibility of creating tree-shrub ecosystems of various practical importance in the steppe conditions of Ukraine. The paper presents the results of the study of the impact of tree and shrub vegetation of forest strips on their soil cover. The content of humus, exchangeable and hydrolytic acidity of soils, acidity of salt extract from the soil in the soils of forest belts were determined іn the edaphotops of five forest strips created on the territory of the Prysamarsky International Biosphere Reserve, located in the village of Andriivka, Novomoskovsk district, Dnipropetrovsk region. The obtained data were compared with the similar results of measurements of the soil indicators of a typical for the study region of the site of the variegated-grassy-grassy-cobaceous steppe. A comparison of the humus content in the soil under tree plantations of forest strips and steppe virgin lands confirms the theory of a positive relevant effect of the forest on steppe soils and the formation of forest-improved chernozems under tree plantations in steppe conditions. The exchangeable acidity of the soils of the forest strips ranged from 0.2 to 0.8 mg-eq. per 100 g of soil, and the value of hydrolytic acidity was from 0.52 to 2.11 mg-eq. per 100 g of soil, and the maximum values ​​of both types of acidity were noted in the 20–50 cm horizon of the PP 224 oak plantation. The obtained characteristics of the soil cover of forest strips will be useful for clarifying the directions and features of the influence of tree-shrub vegetation on ordinary chernozem in the conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine and can serve as valid arguments in making decisions regarding the creation of field-protective tree-shrub plantations within the steppe zone of Ukraine.
Comparison of rosulate and short-stemed species of Gesneriaceae Dumort., introduced into the botanical garden of Oles Honchar Dnipro National University
Authors: Domnytska I. L. , Lykholat Y. V. , Naumova T. O. , Boroday E. S.
Published: December 2022

Now conservation of biodiversity is a relevat topic aimed at increasing phytodiversity in both open and closed ground conditions on the basis of botanical gardens The study of the botanical gardens collections is associated with the investigation of new plants that can be used as a new source of antioxidants and objects of hobby and relaxation for the ever-intense nervous system of modern people.  Family Gesneriaceae Dumort. is an inexhaustible source of such objects. The study purpose is comparison of the family representatives that are similar in terms of morphological features and ecological needs, and differ in geographical origin, analyzing their adaptive capabilities and identifying the most resistant species and varieties. Observations of representatives of Gesneriaceae were carried out from 2019 to 2022 on the basis of the collection of the stock greenhouse of the Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Plants of the Botanical Garden of DNU (48°26'7" N, 35°2'34" E, Dnipro, Ukraine). The research objects were 2 species and 22 varieties of Streptocarpus Lindl., 4 species and 2 varieties of Primulina Hance. The qualitative state and development phases were observed in protected soil conditions. Life forms are listed according to the Catalog of Plants of the Botanical Garden of the National University of Ukraine [12]. The systematic position was determined according to the APG IV classification [13]. The taxonomy and names of plant species are given according to the Catalog of life checklist [12]. According to new taxonomy, the genus Saintpaulia H. Wendl. now joined the genus Streptocarpus Lindl. As a result of the research, it was revealed that among the most decorative representatives of the Gesneriaceae family in the collection of the botanical garden of the DNU, grassy perennials with a short stem or rosette occupy a significant place. Namely, species and varieties from the genus Streptocarpus and the genus Primulina Hance. Plants have similar life forms and ecological needs, occupy the same ecological niches in Africa and Madagascar (Streptocarpus ) and Southeast Asia (Primulina). The greatest resistance to modern conditions of keeping plants of protected soil while maintaining maximum decorativeness is demonstrated by species and varieties from the genus Primulina – representatives of the flora of Southeast Asia. Thus, the adaptive capabilities of 4 species and 2 varieties of Primulina turned out to be better than those of other representatives of the Gesneriaceae collection in general and in particular among rosette and short-stem species.
Content of phenolic compounds in leaves of trees growing on devastated lands at iron waste rock dump
Authors: Bielyk Y. V. , Savosko V. M. , Lykholat Y. V. , Izhboldin O. O. , Lykholat T. Y.
Published: December 2022

Knowledge about the content of phenolic compounds in tree leaves growing on devastated lands may be important for foresting of the post-mining landscapes and for improving environmental quality in industrial areas. The object of this study was on standpoint of an ecosystem approach to determine the phenolic compounds concentrations in the leaves of the trees that grow naturally on the devastated lands at iron waste rock dump. Petrovsky waste rock dump areas at Kryvyi Rih Iron Ore Mining & Metallurgical District (central part of Ukraine) were chosen for the present research. During 2017–2021, the 5 research plots in the dump’s area and 1 research plot in the background area (natural ecosystems of the Hurivskyi forest, Kirovohradska oblast) were established. The content of phenolic compounds was investigated in the leaves of three woody plants species: silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.), ashleaf maple (Acer negundo L.) and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.). The extracts of leaves were prepared by extraction of 80% isopropanol. The phenols concentration was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The absorbance was measured by spectrophotometer at wavelength of 725 nm. The calibration curve was constructed using standard solutions of gallic acid. The phenols concentration was expressed as gallic acid equivalents in milligrams per gram dry weight of plant material (mg GAE * g-1 dw). The results showed that in background area the values for phenolic compounds content vary within minimal limits: from 26,90 to 27,49 mg GAE * g-1 dw in leaves of silver birch, from 17,53 to 18,11 mg GAE * g-1 dw in leaves of ashleaf maple and from 10,98 to 11,65 mg GAE * g-1 dw in leaves of black locust. In all the samples, the concentrations of phenolic in the leaves of silver birch and black locust were generally within natural limits. The concentrations of phenolic in the leaves of ashleaf maple were below the natural levels. According to the leaves analyses, the phenolic compounds content in all woody plants species from all research plots on the devastated lands were statistical significant differences than the reference samples (P < 0,05). The levels of phenolic in samples of ashleaf maple and black locust were found to be greater (P < 0,05) than the background values about 15–65% and 115–165%, respectively. The concentration of phenolic in leaves of silver birch was lower (about 10–28%, P < 0,05) than those values recorded as control. The woody plants species according to resistance to the devastated lands of the Petrovsky waste rock dump were in the following decreasing order: silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) > ashleaf maple (Acer negundo L.) > black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.).
Gambaran Kekuatan Karakter Perantau Etnis Madura yang Sukses
Authors: Masluhah Masluhah , Suryani Suryani
Published: December 2022

This study aims to describe the strength of the character of the Madurese ethnic nomads and the factors that trigger the emergence of these character strengths. This research is a type of qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The participants were collected using purposive sampling technique with a total of 4 Madurese. Data collection techniques were in-depth interviews, documentation, and audiovisual. The interview guide is based on the aspects and indicators of each virtue of the character strength variable. The results of the study show that there is a typology of character strength possessed by successful Madurese ethnic immigrants, including: creativity, open-mindedness, love of learning, courage, love, justice and equality, spirituality, morals or adab, humility, and self-regulation. In addition, character strength is also triggered by several factors such as culture, social environment, past experiences, and economic factors.
Kesejahteraan Psikologis Mahasiswa Hafiz Alquran
Authors: Sari Novita , Abidin Zainal
Published: December 2022

This study aims to explore the psychological well-being of hafiz Qur'an students. Psychological well-being is an individual's psychological health condition that has optimal positive psychological function. The positive psychological function refers to six dimensions, namely: self-acceptance, positive relationships with others, autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life and self-growth. This research used a phenomenological qualitative method with thematic analysis. Participants were five hafiz students who were selected through snowball sampling. The results of the study show that the motivation of hafiz students in memorizing the Qur'an is to give a crown of glory to their parents in the afterlife. This shows the direction and purpose of life that is oriented towards happiness in the hereafter. The representation of other psychological functions is also seen as a desire to continue to grow to become a better person, accept strengths, weaknesses and the past, manage daily activities, have self-autonomy and establish positive relationships with others. In addition, doing murojaah can provide peace.
Pemaknaan Kesejahteraan pada Dosen Perguruan Tinggi Islam Berdasarkan Perspektif Psikologi dan Islam
Authors: Wangi Eneng Nurlaili
Published: December 2022

Working at certain times sometimes drained the mind and physical condition. Also, work situations that are not appreciative can affect their work well-being. The concept of well-being in Western and Islamic are both aim to fulfill enjoyment. However, well-being in an Islamic perspective is based on faith and piety and the goal of the afterlife. This study aims to describe work well-being which is based on faith and devotion at work. This research used qualitative method with a descriptive phenomenological approach, through interviews and observation methods. Participants were 2 lecturers of Islamic Higher Education (PTI) in the city of Bandung. The results of the study show that respondents have five aspects of well-being, that are positive emotions, involvement, relationships, meaning, and achievements which are motivated by strong faith.
The Concept of Legal Equality of States and the Social Force of Law in the Context of Double Standards Diplomacy
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Inshakova Agnessa
Published: December 2022

The paper is devoted to highlighting the key issues of the cover theme of the issue of the journal “Legal Concept” = “Pravovaya paradigma” entitled “Law as a key regulator of ensuring sovereign identity, unity and security of the state”. The main purpose of the paper is the study and analysis of the scientific papers that have made up the heading “The cover theme of the issue” for the guidance of the journal’s reader in a comprehensive collective intersectoral research and the outline of the range of theoretical and legal, and law enforcement issues that determined its concept and title. The author substantiates the relevance of studying the category of state sovereignty both in theoretical and practical aspects, refracted through the prism of objective and subjective factors of modern reality, such as: globalization, the aggravation of issues of geopolitics and national security, the sanctions policy of the West as a conscious long-term strategy of economic and personal restrictive measures against Russia, as well as the need to help forward Industry 4.0 on a growth trajectory and accelerated recovery of industry and import substitution due to the Coronavirus Pandemic in 2020–2021. The reader’s attention is focused on the key elements of the structure of the theoretical and practical concept of national security - technological, natural, humanitarian, social, economic and military-political security, without which it is impossible to ensure state sovereignty and the realization of sovereign rights of the state. Lastly, it is concluded that the state sovereignty should be ensured by the unity of national, regional and international security.
The Soviet Union as an Empire: On the Issue of the Political and Legal Nature of the Territorial Structure of the USSR
Authors:   Volgograd Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, Grachev Nicolay
Published: December 2022

Introduction: despite the fact that the modern Russian Federation is the legal successor of the USSR and historically has grown out of it, the necessary theoretical analysis of the Soviet statehood does not occur in modern social sciences. This also applies to the problem of the political and territorial structure of the Soviet Union, about the form of which there is a significant range of opinions in the literature, often diametrically opposed. The subject of the paper is to find the most accurate methods of studying the nature of the territorial organization of the Soviet state, and its purpose is to determine on this basis an adequate state form of the USSR. Methods: the methodological framework for the work is a set of methods of scientific cognition, among which the dialectical and historical-legal methods and the civilizational approach are of key importance in the systematic analysis of the basic conditions of education and trends in the evolution of the Soviet statehood. The results of the study show that when searching for the optimal model of the state form, especially in a revolutionary situation, it is impossible to dogmatically oppose democracy to dictatorship, unitarianism to federalism, centralization to autonomy, etc., which was well demonstrated by the leadership of the Bolshevik Party by creating an updated version of the giant Eurasian (Russian) continental empire of the socialist type. Conclusions: the Soviet Union possessed a sufficient set of political and legal features that allow it to be attributed to empires. Therefore, looking in many external parameters as a historical break with the St. Petersburg Empire, the Soviet state that replaced it, from the point of view of the logic of Russian history and its political and legal content, was a necessary link in the evolution of the Russian statehood, representing a completely natural phase of its development and having at its core an imperial geopolitical nature, genetically characteristic of the Russian civilization.
GovTech as a New Stage in the Development of E-Government
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Kononenko Danil
Published: December 2022

Introduction: in recent years, there has been a rapid change in the paradigm of the development of state-legal relations concerning new technological solutions. At the present stage, researchers use the term GovTech, giving an assessment of the current social state. The scientific characteristic of the category “GovTech” (GOSTECH) and the identification of its correlation with the category “electronic government” are required. Purpose: to give an overview of the category “GovTech” (GOSTECH), to determine the degree of correlation with the category “electronic government”, to identify the examples of the implementation of GovTech in Russia. Methods: the methodological framework for the research is made up of the general scientific methods – analysis and synthesis, as well as the specific scientific methods – formal legal and comparative legal. Results: the term GovTech is quite new to the legal scientific discourse and at the moment there are no definitions formed within scientific discussion. However, the context of using this term refers to the transformation of state-legal reality primarily in the context of interaction between public authorities and the population, increasing convenience, openness and increasing opportunities to influence decision-making. Conclusions: the category GovTech (GOSTECH) has been introduced into scientific use and is used in regulatory legal acts. At the same time, the question of the essential content of the term remains open. Due to the examples given in the Russian Federation, it can be concluded that at the moment GovTech is a qualitatively new stage in the development of electronic government.
Wind Currents Effects Numerical Simulation on the Coastal Zone of Large Reservoirs
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Sukhinov Alexander , Sidoryakina Valentina ,   Don State Technical University, Protsenko Elena ,   Chekhov Taganrog Institute (branch) Rostov State University of Economics, Protsenko Sofya ,   Chekhov Taganrog Institute (branch) Rostov State University of Economics
Published: December 2022

Calculation and evaluation of wind currents hydrophysical characteristics of large reservoirs is the purpose of this work. Adequate dynamic mathematical models are necessary for conducting these studies and constructing appropriate algorithms implemented on supercomputers. The shallow water reservoirs hydrodynamic model is developed on the basis of three-dimensional mathematical model that includes the Navier — Stokes equations of motion in three coordinate directions, the equations of continuity of an incompressible fluid, the equations of heat transport and the equations of state or the density dependence of the aqueous medium on temperature. The discretization of the hydrodynamic equations is carried out by the pressure correction method. The developed numerical algorithms and the software package that implements them are used to study the pressure field and the aquatic medium velocity vector field the for a given section of the reservoir water area. The practical significance lies in the possibility of their application for studying the hydrophysical processes of these territories, assessing the hydrodynamic impact on the large reservoirs’ coastal zone.
Divergence times of the Rhoadsia clade (Characiformes: Characidae)
Authors: Cucalón Roberto V. , Tan Milton
Published: December 2022

Abstract The family Characidae is the most diverse group of fishes in the Neotropics with challenging systematics. The three genera Carlana, Parastremma, and Rhoadsia, formerly considered the subfamily Rhoadsiinae, are now included in the subfamily Stethaprioninae. Previous phylogenetic analyses did not include all genera of Rhoadsiinae, specifically Parastremma. Here, we estimated the phylogenetic relationships and divergence times of the genera of Rhoadsiinae (the Rhoadsia clade) relative to the most representative genera of the Characidae. We used six molecular markers from the mitochondrial and nuclear genome to estimate the phylogeny and divergence times. We confirmed the monophyly of the Rhoadsia clade. Furthermore, we estimated that the Central American genus Carlana and the western Colombian genus Parastremma diverged approximately 13 Mya (95% HPD 8.36–18.11), consistent with the early-closure estimates of the Isthmus of Panama (~15 Mya). The genus Rhoadsia, endemic to Western Ecuador and Northern Peru, was estimated to originate at around 20 Mya (95% HPD 14.35–25.43), consistent with the Andean uplift (~20 Mya).
O financiamento dos serviços de água e esgoto: análise do passado recente (2016-2019) e desafios da diversificação de fontes para chegar à universalização
Authors: Pimentel Letícia Barbosa , Miterhof Marcelo Trindade
Published: December 2022

Resumo O artigo analisa como os principais prestadores dos serviços de água e esgoto se financiam, usando informações das demonstrações financeiras de 2016 e 2019. A caracterização das diferentes fontes de recursos junto com a comparação de sua participação nas dívidas das empresas entre os períodos tem como objetivo explicitar como os prestadores têm se financiado e identificar estratégias, bem como apontar desafios para a alavancagem futura dos investimentos. As emissões de debêntures, que no período se elevaram significativamente, foram especificamente analisadas. Diante da necessidade de mais do que dobrar a média dos investimentos realizados de 2007 a 2019 para que seja possível universalizar os serviços no país até 2033, como prevê o Plano Nacional de Saneamento Básico e o novo marco legal do saneamento, o artigo busca compreender qual o tipo de fonte de recurso é mais adequada a cada tipo de investimento dentro do setor, defendendo sua complementaridade na consecução dos investimentos para universalização. Por fim, aponta-se algumas perspectivas e desafios para a elevação dos investimentos com vistas à universalização.
Modelling the methane generation potential and decay constant for a tropical landfill
Authors: Santos Renan Rodrigues Alves , São Mateus Maria do Socorro Costa , Gadéa Anderson de Souza Matos
Published: December 2022

This study modelled the methane (CH4) generation for a landfill in a tropical climate in Brazil, adjusting the values of the parameters of methane generation potential (Lo) and decay constant (k), using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change numerical model and LandGEM and Biogas (CETESB) software. Adopting published data from cell 6 (C6) of the Metropolitan Center Sanitary Landfill, 15 combinations of k and Lo were carried out to determine the range of values that best represented the generation of methane. The results of the study allowed to conclude that values of k between 0.1 and 0.15 year, and Lo between 60 and 70 m3/t, resulted in simulations with good capacity to predict methane for the chosen landfill, obtaining errors lower than 30%. Furthermore, these intervals identified a better representation of methane generation for values of k equal to 0.15/year and Lo equal to 60 m3/t. This combination showed estimation errors smaller than 6% when compared to methane measured at C6 between 2004 and 2009, showing the importance of having experimental values of k and Lo to adjust the simulations and calibrate the used tools.
Гендерные стереотипы и женские стратегии в высшемSTEM-образовании: обзор междисциплинарного поля
Authors: Савинская Ольга , Лебедева Наталия , Вилкова Ксения
Published: December 2022

В статье представлен обзор публикаций об измерении и анализе гендерных стереотипов в высшем образовании, опубликованных в международных журналах за последние тридцать лет (1990–2020) с целью систематизировать теоретико-­методологические подходы к определению гендерных стереотипов в STEM-образовании и обозначить их роль в трансформационных процессах современного высшего образования и развитии социокультурной открытости современных университетских сред. Для достижения цели использованы как открытые (Google Scholar), так и закрытые (JSTOR, EBSCO, Scopus, Web of Science, American Psychological Association) базы научных публикаций. В результате отбора для анализа использована 61 статья, посвященная следующим темам: способность и уверенность в своих способностях в STEM-предметах, самооценка, настойчивость, гендерные роли, мотивация, ценности, социальный дискомфорт, низкая доля девушек в технических специальностях, гендерный разрыв в достижениях, неравномерный отсев студентов, разные карьерные планы. Одним из критериев отбора и фактором измерения послужили гендерные стереотипы в высшем образовании. На основе проанализированных статей предлагается определение гендерных стереотипов, выделяются позитивные и негативные стереотипы и их значение для формирования неравенства, подробно описываются популярные психологические теории гендерных стереотипов – угроза подтверждения стереотипа и имплицитные теории, описываются методики их измерения. Раскрывается, как гендерные стереотипы позволяют изучить основные аспекты гендерного неравенства в высшем образовании: статус меньшинства в академической среде, связь гендерной и профессиональной идентичности, мотивация, настойчивость и студенческий отсев, устойчивость в получении STEM-профессии. Обозначается необходимость дальнейшего межстранового исследования и развития методик измерения гендерного неравенства. Ставится вопрос о возможности осознанного выбора профессионального пути в современном высшем образовании.
YÜZ GÖRÜNTÜLERİNE AYRIK KOSİNÜS DÖNÜŞÜMÜ UYGULANARAK GÖRÜNTÜ SINIFLANDIRMA SONUÇLARININ İYİLEŞTİRİLMESİ
Authors: ŞENER Abdullah , ERGEN Burhan
Published: December 2022

Günümüzde teknolojinin gelişmesi yapay zekâ çalışmalarının da hızlı bir şekilde gelişmesine olarak sağlamaktadır. Gelişen yapay zekâ çalışmaları arasında son zamanlarda popülerliği yüksek olan konulardan birisi sanal ortamlarda gerçekçi sahte yüzlerin oluşturulması ve kullanılmasıdır. Yapılan çalışmada içerisinde sahte ve gerçek yüzlerin yer aldığı görüntüler kullanılarak yüzlerin sahte/gerçek olduğunu ayırt etmek için bir dizi çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmada iki farklı sınıflandırma modeli (VGG, Xception) ve görüntüler üzerinde üç faklı yöntem (normal görüntü, Fourier dönüşümlü görüntü, Ayrık Kosinüs dönüşümlü görüntü) uygulanarak ayrı ayrı sınıflandırma işlemleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar karşılaştırılarak araştırmacılara kaynak olarak sunulmuştur.
Sistema endocannabinoide y el rol del cannabis medicinal en el tratamiento de la espasticidad: una revisión narrativa
Authors: Navarro Cristian Eduardo
Published: December 2022

Hasta la fecha se han identificado más de 500 fitocannabinnoides derivados de la planta de Cannabis sativa, entre los cuales los más importantes son el ∆9-tetra-hidrocannabinol (THC) y el cannabidiol (CBD). Ambas moléculas interactúan con el sistema endocannabinoide y generan un efecto terapéutico en diferentes desórdenes neurológicos, dentro de los cuales se incluye la espasticidad. El mecanismo de acción postulado considera que el THC modula la hiperexcitabilidad de la neurona motora inferior, lo que provoca una disminución en el tono muscular, mientras que el CBD genera un efecto antiinflamatorio que contribuye a reducir el dolor. El uso terapéutico de estas moléculas en sujetos con espasticidad refractaria causada por diferentes etiologías ha permitido la mejoría de síntomas como los calambres, el dolor y el insomnio, lo que a su vez ha llevado a disminuir la dosis de fármacos antiespásticos y analgésicos.
Esta revisión narrativa pretende ilustrar brevemente a la comunidad hispanohablante la fisiología del sistema endocannabinoide, la farmacología de los cannabinoides y su forma de uso, y sintetiza la información más relevante de los estudios que sugieren que estas moléculas son una potencial terapia en espasticidad refractaria.
Seismic vulnerability assessment of bridges. The case of the Oran region, Algeria
Authors: Baba Hamed Fatima Zohra , Rahal Farid , Guenanou Farida
Published: December 2022

The recent devastating earthquakes have revealed that bridges are one of the most vulnerable components of transportation systems. These seismic events highlighted the need to mitigate the risk resulting from the failure of bridges. This study aims to consider the seismic risk of an extensive heritage of existing civil engineering structures proceeding with prioritization. This imposes the need to consider the design of a geographic information system (GIS) based on the analysis of the different components of risk: hazard, vulnerability, and risk. The assessment of the seismic vulnerability of bridges integrates the various structural and non-structural components of bridges, taking into account their specificities in Algeria. The application of this approach to the Oran region has resulted in the development of a tool using a database to process as much geolocated information as possible, thus contributing to more efficient crisis management, and making it possible to avoid bridge damage and failures that can result in loss of life and monetary losses. This tool could also be used for the inspection of bridges as well as the optimal prioritization of preventive and corrective measures necessary before a major earthquake hits the bridge network in the Oran Region.
Geotechnical Review for Gypseous Soils: Properties and Stabilization
Authors:   College of Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Iraq, Al-Yasir Abdullah Talib , Al-Taie Abbas Jawad ,   College of Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Iraq
Published: December 2022

In many arid and semi-arid regions, collapsible soils are well-known to be problematic in nature and negatively affect the performance of engineering structures. Gypseous soil considers one of the well-known types of collapsible soil. It represents a real challenge to engineers due to different problems encountered by engineering projects implemented in this soil. The mineralogy, composition, and fabric of gypseous soil affect its ability to deform when subjected to wetting (due to changing the whole structure soil particles). Numerous studies considered the problems of gypseous soils and their treatment with different additives and using different methods. In this paper, the properties of gypsum (physical appearances, hardness, density, chemical structure), gypsum effect on soil properties (specific gravity, compaction properties, shear strength), main geotechnical properties of gypseous soils, their problems, and different important additives (traditional and non-traditional) and methods used in gypseous soils problems mitigation have been discussed. Gypsum is one of unpredictable materials that have different forms, low hardness, and low density. Gypsum is the main occurring source of sulphate in soils, it affects their geotechnical properties to different degrees depending on its content, the presence of the other salts (than gypsum), soil gradation and type, and organic matters. There is a critical gypsum content beyond which gypsum negatively affects the shear strength of soils, this content is (10-20)%. Finally, although there are many additives used in the treatment of gypsum soil, the use of some additives should be done with caution to avoid destructive results, especially with clay gypseous soil.
Simulation Analysis of Graphene Addition on Polymeric Composite
Authors:   Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Khalid Nisa Naima , Mohd Radzuan Nabilah Afiqah ,   Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Sulong Abu Bakar ,   Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Mohd Foudzi Farhana ,   Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Gunasegran Mihirssen ,   Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: December 2022

Natural fibres in composite materials, such as kenaf fibres, are used to reinforce polypropylene (PP) due to their light weight and high mechanical performance required in various applications, such as automotive. Although natural fibres seem to be the most promising material, manufacturing parameters and material composition are crucial to determining balanced output performance. Therefore, this study provides essential knowledge on defining the parameters and the effect of addition of graphene content to kenaf fibres composites using computer simulation via Abaqus CAE software. Detailed analyses were compared with the experimental data of Young’s modulus and tensile strength. General static and dynamic explicit analyses were conducted using Abaqus CAE simulations, and set at 40 wt. % kenaf fibres, 0, 1, 3, and 5 wt. % graphene. Short kenaf fibres were utilised together with graphene nanoplatelets and prepared using a hot-pressing technique with the temperature set at 190 °C and pressure of 5 MPa for 5 min. The findings indicated that the simulation and experimental data from previous studies data congruent which is Young’s modulus and tensile strength increased with addition of graphene content. Thus, the simulated data could predict the experimental mechanical performance, in which 24 MPa of tensile strength was recorded for 3 wt. % of graphene additions.
Anomaly Gait Detection in ASD Children based on Markerless-based Gait Features
Authors:   College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia, Zakaria Nur Khalidah , Md Tahir Nooritawati ,   College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia, Jailani Rozita ,   College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia, M Taher Mayada ,   Laser and Optoelectronics Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: December 2022

Children with autism are known for their difficulties in social interaction, communication, and behaviour characteristics. Hence, this study proposed to develop a markerless-based gait method for anomaly gait detection in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Firstly, a depth sensor is used during walking gait data collection of the 23 ASD children and 30 typical healthy developing (TD) children. Further, these walking gait data are divided into the Reference Joint (REF) and Direct Joint (DIR) features. For each type, five sets of features are derived that represents the whole body, upper body, lower body, the right and left side of the body. The three classifiers used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method are Naïve Bayes (NB), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Results showed that the highest accuracy, precisely 94.22%, is achieved using the ANN classifier with DIR1 gait features representing the whole body. The highest sensitivity and specificity obtained are 94.49% and 93.93% accordingly. In addition, the proposed markerless model using the DIR1 gait features and the ANN as classifier also outperformed previous studies that have utilised the marker-based model. This promising result showed that the proposed method could be used for early intervention for the ASD group. The markerless-based gait technique also has fewer experiment protocols, thus causing the ASD children to feel more comfortable.
New records of the introduced gecko Lepidodactylus lugubris (Duméril & Bibron, 1836) (Squamata: Gekkonidae) in Colombia and update of its geographic range in the country
Authors: Collazos-Astudillo Cristian Andres , Navarro-Morales Alejandro , Ruiz - Valderrama Diego Huseth , Ramírez Juan P. , Caicedo-Portilla José Rancés
Published: December 2022

El geco enlutado (Lepidodactylus lugubris) es una de las especies de lagartijas más ampliamente distribuidas en el mundo por la frecuente expansión de su área de distribución debida a su translocación accidental por parte del ser humano. La mayor capacidad de dispersión de L. lugubris por medios antrópicos se ve facilitada por su reproducción unisexual (partenogénesis) y sus huevos resistentes al agua salada. La especie ha sido registrada en varias localidades del occidente y centro de Colombia, extendiéndose a 12 de los 32 departamentos del país. En este estudio resumimos y actualizamos la distribución de L. lugubris en Colombia basándonos tanto en registros publicados como en las nuevas localidades determinadas a partir de evidencias fotográficas que obtuvimos o que fueron depositadas previamente en la base de datos de iNaturalist. Además, obtuvimos registros adicionales tras la revisión de varias colecciones herpetológicas. Nuestras nuevas localidades llenan vacíos en la distribución de la especie y la amplían a las laderas occidentales de la cordillera Oriental y el límite noroeste de la región amazónica del país. Asimismo, los nuevos registros representan los primeros de L. lugubris en cinco departamentos de Colombia. Discutimos sus posibles rutas de dispersión y presentamos observaciones anecdóticas sobre su interacción con otras especies de gecos introducidos. Nuestro trabajo también pone de manifiesto la importancia de plataformas como iNaturalist para precisar la distribución de las especies introducidas, especialmente para taxones y regiones geográficas menos conocidas.
Óptica y fotónica: ciencia y tecnología de la luz
Authors: Guzmán Hernández Angela María
Published: December 2022

Este artículo de revisión presenta el panorama actual de las múltiples tecnologías basadas en la luz que se han hecho indispensables en nuestra vida diaria y que seguirán teniendo impacto en ella y en la economía mundial. Con el objetivo de motivar la formulación de un plan nacional de desarrollo de la investigación y apropiación de la tecnología fotónica en Colombia, se presentan los propósitos generales de algunas iniciativas regionales y nacionales de investigación y desarrollo en óptica y fotónica.
Reservas de carbono en un ecosistema del desierto sudamericano: El caso de las Lomas de Amancaes (Lima, Perú)
Authors: Guerrero-Palomino Victor H. , Malca-Rodríguez Diego , Aponte Héctor
Published: December 2022

La captura de carbono es un proceso fundamental que regula el clima y permite contrarrestar el calentamiento global. Este estudio estimó las reservas de carbono en las Lomas de Amancaes, un ecosistema del desierto sudamericano en Lima (Perú). Se tomaron muestras de la biomasa vegetal aérea y del suelo (0 - 20 cm de profundidad), midiendo el carbono almacenado en ambos compartimentos. Los resultados indicaron que la cantidad de carbono almacenado (CA) es de 8 593,97 tC (39,29 tC/ha); el CA fue mayor en el suelo (37,85 tC/ha) que en la biomasa aérea (1,44 tC/ha); al comparar el CA entre rangos altitudinales (300 - 750 m s.n.m.), no se encontraron diferencias significativas (p>0,05). Al compararlo con otros ecosistemas del desierto costero peruano, el CA de las Lomas de Amancaes es mayor a lo encontrado en tillandsiales (3,6 tC/ha), pero fue menor a los reportado para algunos humedales (38,47-305,37 tC/ha). El CA del área de estudio se asemeja a las reservas de varios ecosistemas desérticos del mundo (el valor oscila entre 0,15 - 45,55 tC/ha en desiertos de África, Zona de transición Sahel, Desierto de Negev, Desiertos en China, Desierto Mojave, Cuenca de La Paz y Los Planes) con algunas excepciones (como los desiertos templados de Asia Central, Sabana de Acacia y Túnez que cuentan con un CA = 40,40 -159,2 tC/ha). Estos resultados representan una de las primeras estimaciones de las reservas de carbono en las lomas del desierto del Pacífico Sudamericano y brindan datos valiosos para su conservación.
Comparación de la riqueza de insectos utilizando dos métodos de recolección en un humedal costero del Pacífico suramericano
Authors: Rossi-La Torre Cristhian Raúl
Published: December 2022

Se comparó la capacidad de captura de trampas de caída y bandejas amarillas para así determinar si el esfuerzo de muestreo empleado sería el adecuado al emplear las dos metodologías a la vez. El muestreo se hizo en los humedales del distrito de Ventanilla, provincia constitucional del Callao, departamento de Lima, Perú, donde se establecieron ocho estaciones en febrero, julio y diciembre del 2016. En cada estación se ubicaron diez trampas de caída sin cebo y cinco bandejas amarillas. Se recolectaron 160 morfoespecies, distribuidas en 68 familias y ocho órdenes, de las que 138 se recolectaron en bandejas amarillas y 78 en trampas de caída, con una similitud de 0,31 según el índice de Jaccard. Hubo una diferencia significativa en la riqueza entre los dos métodos y la diversidad de Shannon-Wiener fue superior a 3,5 utilizando las bandejas amarillas en febrero y diciembre; no hubo una diferencia significativa entre los métodos en los índices de diversidad y dominancia, excepto en diciembre. Según los estimadores no paramétricos, la riqueza de la recolección en las bandejas amarillas fluctuó entre el 62,7 y el 72,3 %, y en las trampas de caída, entre el 63,9 y el 74,3 %. La curva de acumulación reflejó un mejor desempeño con las bandejas amarillas. El uso de una menor cantidad de bandejas amarillas que de trampas de caída permitió recolectar una cantidad mayor de insectos. Su empleo combinado es fundamental para obtener una muestra representativa de la riqueza al mantenerse la proporción mencionada para evitar un registro muy elevado de algunos taxones.