bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Photophysical Studies on N1‐(Coumarin‐4′′′‐yl)‐C4‐(2′,3′‐dideoxyuridin‐3′‐yl/3′‐deoxythymidin‐3′‐yl)‐oxymethyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles
Authors: Singla Harbansh , Kumar Sandeep , Maikhuri Vipin K. , Kavita Kavita , Prasad Ashok K.
Published: January 2023

A click chemistry‐based protocol has been utilized for the synthesis of a series of twelve novel tert‐butyldiphenylsilylated N1‐(coumarin‐4′′′‐yl)‐C4‐(2′,3′‐di‐deoxyuridin‐3′‐yl)‐oxymethyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles and N1‐(coumarin‐4′′′‐yl)‐C4‐(3′‐deoxythymin‐3′‐yl)‐oxymethyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles by utilising Cu(I)‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition reaction of 4‐azidocoumarins and 3′‐O‐(prop‐1‐yn‐3‐yl)‐5′‐O‐(tert‐butyldiphenylsilyl)‐2′,3′‐dideoxyuridin or 3′‐O‐(prop‐1‐yn‐3‐yl)‐5′‐O‐(tert‐butyldiphenylsilyl)‐3′‐deoxythymidin in 70–82 % and 68–82 % yields, respectively. The deprotection of resulted silylated uridine and thymidine conjugate with TBAF afforded title compounds in 81–91 % yield. The photophysical studies have been carried out on the synthesized coumarin‐triazolylmethyl nucleoside conjugates which revealed a very high Stokes shift value ranging from 82–215 nm.
Electrospinning Triboelectric Laminates: A Pathway for Scaling Energy Harvesters
Authors: Linarts Artis , Sherrell Peter C. , Mālnieks Kaspars , Ellis Amanda V. , Šutka Andris
Published: January 2023

Herein, a new paradigm of triboelectric polymers—the triboelectric laminate—a volumetric material with electromechanical response comparable to the benchmark soft piezoelectric material polyvinylidene difluoride is reported. The electromechanical response in the triboelectric laminate arises from aligned dipoles, generated from the orientation of contact electrification in the laminates bulk volume. The dipoles form between sequential bilayers consisting of two different electrospun polymer fibers of different diameter. The loose interface between the fiber bilayers ensures friction and triboelectric charging between two polymers. The electric output from the electrospun triboelectric laminate increases with increasing density of the bilayers. This system design has clear benefits over other flexible devices for mechanical energy harvesting as it does not require any poling procedures, and the electromechanical response is stable over 24 h of continuous operation. Moreover, the electromechanically responsive electrospun laminate can be made from all types of polymers, thus providing ample room for further improvements or functionalities such as stretchability, biodegradability, or biocompatibility. The concept of a triboelectric laminate can be introduced into existing triboelectric nanogenerator form factors, to dramatically increase charge harvesting of a variety of devices.
Polydopamine‐Decorated PLCL Conduit to Induce Synergetic Effect of Electrical Stimulation and Topological Morphology for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Lu Shunyi , Chen Wen , Wang Jiayi , Guo Zilong , Xiao Lan , Wei Lingyu , Yu Jieqin , Yuan Ya , Chen Weisin , Bian Mengxuan , Huang Lei , Liu Yuanyuan , Zhang Jian , Li Yu‐Lin , Jiang Li‐Bo
Published: January 2023

Due to the limited self‐repairing capacity after peripheral nerve injuries (PNI), artificial nerve conduits are widely applied to facilitate neural regeneration. Exogenous electrical stimulation (ES) that is carried out by the conductive conduit regulates the biological behavior of Schwann cells (SCs). Meanwhile, a longitudinal surface structure counts to guide axonal growth to accelerate the end‐to‐end connection. Currently, there are no conduits equipped with both electrical conduction and axon‐guiding surface structure. Herein, a biodegradable, conductive poly(l‐lactide‐co‐caprolactone)/graphene (PLCL/GN) composite conduit is designed. The conduit with 20.96 ± 1.26 MPa tensile strength has a micropatterned surface of 20 µm groove fabricated by microimprint technology and self‐assembled polydopamine (PDA). In vitro evaluation shows that the conduits with ES effectively stimulate the directional cell migration, adhesion, and elongation, and enhance neuronal expression of SCs. The rat sciatic nerve crush model demonstrates that the conductive micropatterned conduit with ES promotes the growth of myelin sheath, faster nerve regeneration, and 20‐fold functional recovery in vivo. These discoveries prove that the PLCL(G)/PDA/GN composite conduit is a promising tool for PNI treatment by providing the functional integration of physical guidance, biomimetic biological regulation, and bioelectrical stimulation, which inspires a novel therapeutic approach for nerve regeneration in the future.
Pt Atomically Dispersed in Black TiO2−x/CuxO with Chiral‐Like Nanostructure for Visible‐Light H2 Generation
Authors: Wang Cong , Li Jingwei , Paineau Erwan , Remita Hynd , Ghazzal Mohamed Nawfal
Published: January 2023

Material design is one of the major driving forces to enhance the intrinsic light harvesting ability of a photocatalyst. Herein, the design of black TiO2−x/CuxO with chiral‐like structures where Pt single atom (SA) is successfully deposited on both black TiO2−x and CuxO for visible‐light H2 generation is reported. Pt is well dispersed not only in the TiO2−x surface but also at the surface of CuxO, forming single‐atom alloys. Oxygen defects stabilize the Pt SAs deposition, which significantly enlarge the space charge layer, facilitating both the separation and transfer of photogenerated charge carriers. This structural optimization endows the black TiO2−x/CuxO/Pt film excellent light harvesting ability in the visible region, making it a promising visible‐light‐responsive photocatalyst. This work is expected to provide insights into the rational construction of nanostructured materials with chiral nematic structure exhibiting improved light harvesting ability.
Correlating Heteroatoms Doping, Electronic Structures, and Photocatalytic Activities of Single‐Atom‐Doped Ag25(SR)18 Nanoclusters
Authors: Liu Ye , Long Deng , Springer Andreas , Wang Rongbin , Koch Norbert , Schwalbe Matthias , Pinna Nicola , Wang Yu
Published: January 2023

Atomic‐level manipulation of catalysts is important for both fundamental studies and practical applications. Here, the central metal atom in an atomically precise Ag25 nanocluster (NC) is replaced with a single Pd, Pt, and Au atom, respectively, and employed as a model system to study the structure–property–activity relationship at the atomic level. While the geometric structures are well‐preserved after doping, the electronic structures of Ag25 NCs are significantly altered. The combination of Ag25 and TiO2 enhances the charge separation at the interface, exhibiting a 10 times higher hydrogen production rate in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction compared to bare TiO2. Further results show that heteroatoms doping has a negative impact on performance, particularly in the cases of Pd and Au doping. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurements and density functional theory calculations suggest that the lower activities are due to an energy mismatch between the levels of doped NCs and TiO2. These findings not only reveal the impact of heteroatoms doping on the electronic properties and photocatalytic activities of NCs, but can also guide the design of heterometallic NCs for photocatalytic applications.
Project management and system dynamics modelling: Time to connect with innovation and sustainability
Authors: Calderon‐Tellez Javier Andres , Bell Gary , Herrera Milton M. , Sato Carlos
Published: January 2023

This paper argues that there is a requirement to connect project management (PM) with innovation and sustainability to address new societal needs. Societal demands have facilitated further complexity and uncertainty within the PM discipline and have led to both theoretical and practical evolutions. Key evolutions are identified, which suggests that PM is becoming more holistic and interdisciplinary in nature so it can successfully deal with this complexity and uncertainty. Furthermore, holistic thinking naturally connects with systemic thinking, which justifies the selection of system dynamics (SD) to support PM decision‐making. An extensive critical review of SD modelling with respect to identified evolutions within the PM discipline is undertaken. The contribution of this paper connects innovation and sustainability to the PM discipline by the initial development of a causal loop diagram (CLD).
Test environments for large‐scale software systems—An industrial study of intrinsic and extrinsic success factors
Authors: Mårtensson Torvald , Ancher Göran , Ståhl Daniel
Published: January 2023

The characteristics of the test environment are of vital importance to its ability to support the organizations testing objectives. This paper seeks to address the need for a structured and reliable approach, which can be used by companies and other organizations to optimize their test environments in each individual case. The reported study included a series of interviews with 30 individuals, a series of focus groups with in total 31 individuals and a cross‐company workshop with 30 participants from five large‐scale companies, operating in different industry segments. The study resulted in a list of success factors, including not only characteristics and capabilities existing within a test environment (intrinsic success factors) but also properties not inherent to the test environment, but still vital for a successfully implemented test environment (extrinsic success factors). This distinction is important, as the root causes differ and as addressing them requires distinct approaches—not only of technology but also of organization, communication and collaboration. We find that successful implementations of test environments for large‐scale software systems depend primarily on how they support the company's business strategy, test organization and product testability (extrinsic success factors). Based on this, test environments can then be optimized to improve test environment capabilities, usability and stability (intrinsic success factors). The list of intrinsic and extrinsic success factors was well received by all five companies included in the study, supporting that the intrinsic and extrinsic success factors for test environments can be applied to a large segment of the software industry.
Implementation of Floating‐Point Arithmetic Processing on Content Addressable Memory‐Based Massive‐ParallelSIMDmatriX Core
Authors: Kageyama Kyosuke , Arai Sota , Hamano Hajime , Kong Xiangbo , Koide Tetsushi , Kumaki Takeshi
Published: January 2023

Several multimedia applications have recently been implemented on mobile devices, including digital image compression, video compression, and audio processing. Furthermore, Artificial Intelligence (AI) processing has grown in popularity, necessitating the execution of large amounts of data in mobile devices. Therefore, the processing core in a mobile device requires high performance, programmability, and versatility. Multimedia apps for mobile devices typically comprise repeated arithmetic and table‐lookup coding operations. A Content Addressable Memory‐based massive‐parallel SIMD matriX core (CAMX) is presented to increase the processing speed of both operations on a processing core. The CAMX serves as a CPU core accelerator for mobile devices. The CAMX supports high‐parallel processing and is equipped with two CAM modules for high‐speed repeated arithmetic and table‐lookup coding operations. The CAMX has great performance, programmability, and versatility on mobile devices because it can handle logical, arithmetic, search, and shift operations in parallel. This paper shows that the CAMX can process parallel repeated arithmetic and table‐lookup coding operations; single‐precision floating‐point arithmetic can calculate 1024 entries in 5613 clock cycles in parallel without embedding a dedicated floating‐point arithmetic unit. This clock cycle using two's complement‐reduced floating‐point addition implementation decreases 59% than the implementation of straight‐forward floating‐point addition. The implementation of straight‐forward floating‐point additions is improved as two's complement instruction reduced algorithms. Thus, this paper proposes an instruction reduction architecture by modulating the CAMX to directly access the data in the left and right CAM modules from the preserve register. The CAMX has achieved high performance, programmability, and versatility by not embedding a dedicated processing unit. Moreover, assuming the CAMX processes at an operating frequency of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 GHz, it can process floating‐point additions above approximately 4500 parallelized data, with better performance than an ARM core using NEON and Vector Floating‐Point (VFP). In addition, related works executed by software instruction, dedicated floating‐point arithmetic unit, or both and the CAMX are compared while assuming the same operation frequency. From this result, the CAMX which has 128‐bit and 1024‐entry CAM modules achieves higher performance than the related works executed by only software instructions and by combining software instructions and a dedicated floating‐point arithmetic unit. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Climate change impacts on immovable cultural heritage in polar regions: A systematic bibliometric review
Authors: Nicu Ionut Cristi , Fatorić Sandra
Published: January 2023

Over the past decade, research on the impacts of climate change on immovable cultural heritage (ICH) in the polar regions (Arctic and Antarctica) has slowly increased. This article offers a systematic review and synthesis of the publications about climate change impacts on the diverse ICH and climate change adaptation in the polar regions. Gray literature was not included in the study. Arctic countries like Sweden, Finland, Iceland, and Russia, and their associated research organizations, are under‐represented in this literature when compared with the USA, Canada, Denmark, and Norway. More than half of the analyzed literature is published in the last 3 years (2019, 2020, and 2021) with a focus on coastal erosion and ICH degradation (cryospheric hazards). ICH is at risk from biological degradation, coastal erosion, debris flow, and thaw slumping. Nearly half of the studies report on the need for climate change adaptation planning and implementation for ICH. This study shows that advances in research on climate change impacts and adaptation responses are needed to improve decision‐ and policy‐maker capacity to support effective adaptation policies and to contribute to the achievement of SDGs in polar regions. The polar regions' vulnerable landscapes and ICH sites can be used to communicate a larger message about the climate change challenges and adaptation measures.

This article is categorized under:

Assessing Impacts of Climate Change > Observed Impacts of Climate Change

Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Learning from Cases and Analogies

Climate and Development > Sustainability and Human Well‐Being
Biblical Aniconism? Representing the Gods of Ancient Israel and Judah
Authors: Römer Thomas
Published: January 2023

This paper argues that one should not speak of an “original aniconism” in the cult of Yhwh, the god of Israel. In the Northern kingdom and in the first temple of Jerusalem, this god was represented in a theriomorphic and anthropomorphic way. The prohibitions of images of the god of Israel in the Decalogue and other texts were written after the Babylonian exile and are related to the rise of monotheism. During the Persian period Yhwh became the “only” and transcendent god who could no longer be represented by statues or other symbols as were the Mesopotamian gods. However, the Menorah, the candelabra, which was placed in the Second Temple is, in a way, a representation of the divine presence. Aniconism is, however, not a pure invention of nascent Judaism. There are apparently in the Ancient Near East aniconic tendencies that are, nevertheless, compatible with iconic representations of the deities. This may be explained by the facts that ancient people were aware that statues and other images should not be identified with the deities.
Integrative Model of Children’s Representations of God in Drawings
Authors: Brandt Pierre-Yves , Dandarova-Robert Zhargalma , Dessart Grégory , Muthert Hanneke , Schaap-Jonker Hanneke
Published: January 2023

When confronted with being asked to “draw god”, children have to solve a problem; they are being asked to produce a visual representation of an entity that they have never seen. Resources for solving this problem are available within the child’s cultural context: The shape of the figure itself may be based on various religious representations of gods, iconic figurations of supernatural agents in fictional artefacts (paintings, movies, cartoons even in advertisement), various valences may be attributed to colours or to different parts of an image composition, etc. The drawings produced by children depend also on their cognitive abilities to grasp the concept of god, their emotional abilities to express the accompanying feelings, their creativity and artistic skills. In representing god, children have to solve additional problems. For example, connotations of the concept of god can awaken attachment bonds to parental figures; religious prohibitions against representations of god can be in conflict with the task of drawing god. The purpose of this work is to integrate the results presented in parts II-V of this book, and to articulate the different factors in an integrated model that outlines possible strategies used to carry out the project of drawing god.
Interdisciplinary Approaches to Children’s Drawings of Gods: Challenges, Achievements and Perspectives
Authors: Brandt Pierre-Yves , Dandarova-Robert Zhargalma , Cocco Christelle , Vinck Dominique , Darbellay Frédéric
Published: January 2023

To conclude this stage of research on the representations of supernatural agents in children’s drawings, this chapter summarizes some of the main results of the works collected in this volume. The use of drawings to study children’s representations is not a classic methodology in child psychology. Analysing images is challenging on different levels: content analysis, material features of the drawings, and the development of technical tools needed for the analysis. This chapter discusses the benefits and the limitations of this methodology, as well as those of interdisciplinary approaches that try to combine computer vision methods with studies on child and adolescent development. It ends with the presentation of specific research ideas generated by this first stage of investigation, ideas which we propose as a program for a second stage of research.
Automated Colour Identification and Quantification in Children’s Drawings of God
Authors: Cocco Christelle , Dandarova-Robert Zhargalma , Brandt Pierre-Yves
Published: January 2023

Colour is still a relatively neglected aspect in the study both of religious art and of children’s artistic expression of the divine. Our research addresses this important gap and adds to psychological research on religious representations and conceptualization of the divine. From drawings collected in four different cultural and religious environments: Japanese (Buddhism and Shinto), Russian-Buryat (Buddhism, Shamanism), Russian-Slavic (Christian Orthodoxy) and French-speaking Swiss (Catholic and reformed Christianity) we show that children often imagine and depict god using the same colours: primarily yellow and blue. Apparently, god is often imagined by children as light or in light (yellow) and dwelling in the sky (blue). These results parallel historical and religious studies showing that the light enjoys prominent and most powerful symbolism and association with the divine. Complementary analysis of possible effect of child’s age, gender, and schooling (religious or regular) did not affect the main result. This research also introduced a novel approach to data analysis by using computer vision in psychological studies of children’s drawings. The automated colour identification method was developed to extract colours from scans of drawings. Despite some difficulties, this new methodology opens an interesting avenue for future research in children’s drawings and visual art.
The Taxonomy of ‘Race’ and the Anthropology of Sex: Conceptual Determination and Social Presumption in Kant
Authors: Sandford Stella
Published: January 2023

This chapter argues that the different treatment of the concepts of; ‘race’ and ‘sex’ in Kant’s philosophy shows how the first was a philosophical problem that required justification while the latter was—and usually still is—taken for granted. It shows how, through his writings on race, Kant defended an historical conception of the natural genus. Refusing the natural distinction between ‘genus’ and ‘species’, Kant’s philosophical determination of the concept of ‘race’ then attempts to introduce, below these, a new terminal category in zoological taxonomy that justified, for him, the positing of significant classificatory differences between the human ‘races’ even if they all belonged to the same natural genus/species. In contrast, the concept of sex or gender (Geschlecht) is never subject to any philosophical determination but treated as an unquestioned basis for the justification of social and political differences between men and women.
What Happens When Festivals Can’t Happen?
Authors: Damiens Antoine , de Valck Marijke
Published: January 2023

Covid-19 marked a historic moment in the film festival world. The pandemic outbreak fundamentally impacted the geographic organization and calendar of the film industry with strings of film festivals unable to take place in their regular live-event form. This book aims to document and think through an ongoing crisis: looking at a wide variety of international festivals, the contributors use adaptive approaches that both connect to earlier models and methods and search for new frames and tools to understand what happens when festivals can’t happen. Co-editors Antoine Damiens and Marijke de Valck underscore how contributors have worked from a set of shared conceptual entry points, acknowledging the global nature of the festival phenomenon as well as seeing different local responses and effects and pushing against linear understandings of crisis management by connecting the various “make do” and innovative solutions to earlier experiments and practices.
Cinephilia, Publics, Cinegoraphilia: Surveying the Short-Term Effects of Covid-19 on Community-Based Festivals in Toronto
Authors: Petrychyn Jonathan
Published: January 2023

This chapter documents and theorizes community-based film festival programming and organizing tactics during the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic between March and September 2020. Drawing from autoethnographic experience and personal conversations with organizers of the Toronto Queer Film Festival (TQFF) and Toronto Outdoor Picture Show (TOPS), I offer the neologism “cinegoraphilia”—a portmanteau of cinephilia and the Ancient Greek agora—to theorize both festival’s strategies to capture the love of watching cinema in public together. As a theory that centers the communal, public features of cinemagoing, cinegoraphilia orients us toward the ways community-based film festivals creatively tried to retain and engage their audiences. I situate TOPS’s and TQFF’s efforts to capture cinegoraphilia within the broader context of public health restrictions in the Canadian province of Ontario, as well as changes to the arts funding ecosystem and funding policy locally in Toronto, provincially in Ontario, and nationally across Canada.
Film Festivals in Taiwan: Lurking on the Periphery
Authors: Tsai Beth
Published: January 2023

This chapter investigates an ongoing geopolitical shift concerning the status of festivals in Taiwan—exemplified by the Taipei Film Festival and the Taipei Golden Horse Film Festival and Awards—and their future challenges instigated by the global pandemic. I consider film festivals in Taiwan to be lurking on the “periphery” and argue they should not be prescribed as secondary and unnoticed (in terms of prestige and influences). Instead, we need to identify the center (Western Europe and wealthy North America) versus the periphery paradigm in which the global festival circuit continued to reinforce power relations where mid- or lower-ranking film festivals had to wrestle with the hierarchy of status. This chapter begins by tracing how the pandemic preparedness in Taiwan allowed most Taiwanese film festivals to conduct business as usual. Yet this local advantage—abetted by the country’s history and political dissension with the People’s Republic of China (PRC)—is impeded by the collateral implications from disrupted festivals worldwide. The impacts of Covid-19 continue to further expose the unequal power relations within the globalized festival network, despite the survival and strife for the success of mid-level and regional film festivals.
Precarity, Innovation, and Survival in the Indian Film Festival Sector
Authors: Karlekar Tilottama
Published: January 2023

Despite the vast expansion in the film festival sector in India since the early 2000s, most festivals have remained financially precarious. This is true of more mainstream festivals with industry support as well as of myriad activist and “alternative” festivals on the margins. In addition, the country’s Hindu nationalist government has subjected all cultural spaces to increased scrutiny and policing. As the virus affected India and the Indian government enforced a national lockdown, festival organizers had to adapt rapidly. In order to survive, they looked both to global strategies and specific local histories of exhibition and circulation. In this chapter, I map the festival sector in India in the midst of crisis and explore the divergent strategies for survival adopted by festival organizers. I focus closely on the “frontline” strategies implemented by two community-based, activist film festivals that have adopted distinct, yet successful, models for navigating the pandemic. Already adept at negotiating multiple forms of precarity, they connected with new global audiences while redefining ideals of “community.” This chapter explores what these festival experiments tell us about how the festival as medium might change politically, economically, and cinematically, even beyond the pandemic.
Curating as Care: La Semaine de la Critique and the Marrakech International Film Festival in the Age of Covid-19
Authors: Dramani-Issifou Farah Clémentine
Published: January 2023

The health crisis caused by Covid-19 has changed the organization of film festivals around the world. Some festivals have chosen to maintain their event by creating online platforms for the distribution of films and professional meetings; others have simply canceled their physical editions. Although they were canceled, Cannes Critics’ Week and the Marrakech International Film Festival made specific arrangements to support the local, regional, and international film industry. The pandemic fundamentally impacted festivals’ programming strategies. As such, Covid-19 redefined the work of selection committees: it created what I call “flexi-programmers.” What strategies have been adopted by Cannes Critics’ Week and Marrakech International Film Festival to deal with this crisis? How could film curating be the future of film programming?
Locating Buzz and Liveness: The Role of Geoblocking and Co-presence in Virtual Film Festivals
Authors: Burgess Diane , Stevens Kirsten
Published: January 2023

The sudden and near-complete move of festivals into the online space in 2020 complicated our understanding of the “there” and “then” involved in film festival participation. Experiencing festivals in lockdown (often from domestic spaces), “taking part” in these virtual events had the potential to dramatically expand the points of access. Although this approach was taken early with the YouTube-based We Are One global film festival, for the vast majority of single-festival-run online events access was limited to specific geographic areas through geoblocking technology. This chapter examines the function of geofenced access in virtual and hybrid virtual/real-world film festivals. It poses the question: what are the benefits for festivals in enforcing territoriality and place-boundedness in the de-territorialized world of online media? Looking to the importance of embodied co-presence and networked publics in existing understandings of liveness, buzz, and value creation at festivals, we interrogate the role of “place” in defining festival prestige and influence. We ask, if the mechanisms of value creation linked to the physical spectacle and viral spread of buzz at festivals are disrupted, will the film festival experience still be seen as valuable? And what might that mean for the future of festivals and their study?
Film Festivals on the Small Screen: Audiences, Domestic Space, and Everyday Media
Authors: Vail James , Heath Theresa , Dickson Lesley-Ann , Finkel Rebecca
Published: January 2023

Since March 2020 in the UK, film festivals have moved to a variety of broadcast, video-on-demand (VOD), and VOD-like forms of film exhibition. Film viewing takes place on home television sets, laptops, and mobile devices and, due to the often-flexible form of film scheduling, the film festival comes to sit within and against the rhythms of everyday media use. This chapter provides a conceptual framework to theorize film festival audiences in this context. We argue that any account of online film festival audiences should take into consideration the relationship between film festival viewing and other media practices. Specifically, we draw attention to the ways in which film festival viewing practices are framed as distinct from other domestic media practices in the context of everyday life. We outline three main “sites” in which this framing occurs. The first site relates to the spaces of media consumption. The second relates to the temporal rhythms of media use. The third encompasses the forms of social interaction between different audience members. We argue that it is within these three sites that the frame of the online film festival is performed, negotiated, or felt to be missing.
Chilean Film Festivals and Local Audiences: Going Online?
Authors: Peirano María Paz , Ramírez Gonzalo
Published: January 2023

This chapter reviews the impact of the global pandemic of Covid-19 on Chilean film festivals and how this affected their relationship with local audiences. Chilean festivals are small events that exist under precarious conditions, facing different economic and cultural challenges that complicate their stability. After the Chilean estallido (a social outburst in 2019), the current health crisis has further affected their position, due to their cancelation and/or postponement, and most of them have temporarily transformed into online events to ensure their survival. We provide an overview on how Covid-19 has affected festivals in Chile as well as their responses to this crisis, which we understand within a particular context that has been pressuring onsite exhibitions and collective viewing. We mapped and tracked the festivals’ activities throughout 2020 and 2021 and used online ethnographic methods to observe some cases more closely, conducting participant observation of online activities and interviewing festival organizers. As such, the chapter addresses some of the new ways in which film festivals developed to engage with their audiences during the pandemic. We conclude with an emphasis on festivals’ responses as adaptive strategies and poses some questions on the future developments of these events.
The impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms on return-to-work after taxane-based chemotherapy in breast cancer
Authors: Hjorth Cathrine F. , Damkier Per , Stage Tore B. , Feddersen Søren , Hamilton-Dutoit Stephen , Ejlertsen Bent , Lash Timothy L. , Bøggild Henrik , Sørensen Henrik T. , Cronin-Fenton Deirdre
Published: January 2023

Purpose

Breast cancer treatment is associated with adverse effects, which may delay return-to-work. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may influence the risk and severity of treatment toxicities, which in turn could delay return-to-work. We examined the association of 26 SNPs with return-to-work in premenopausal women with breast cancer.

Methods

Using Danish registries, we identified premenopausal women diagnosed with non-distant metastatic breast cancer during 2007‒2011, assigned adjuvant combination chemotherapy including cyclophosphamide and docetaxel. We genotyped 26 SNPs in 20 genes (ABCB1, ABCC2, ABCG2, CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYP3A, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, GSTP1, SLCO1B1, SLCO1B3, ARHGEF10, EPHA4, EPHA5, EPHA6, EPHA8, ERCC1, ERCC2, FGD4 and TRPV1) using TaqMan assays. We computed the cumulative incidence of return-to-work (defined as 4 consecutive weeks of work) up to 10 years after surgery, treating death and retirement as competing events and fitted cause-specific Cox regression models to estimate crude hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of return-to-work. We also examined stable labor market attachment (defined as 12 consecutive weeks of work).

Results

We included 1,964 women. No associations were found for 25 SNPs. The cumulative incidence of return-to-work varied by CYP3A5 rs776746 genotype. From 6 months to 10 years after surgery, return-to-work increased from 25 to 94% in wildtypes (n = 1600), from 17 to 94% in heterozygotes (n = 249), and from 7 to 82% in homozygotes (n = 15). The HR showed delayed return-to-work in CYP3A5 rs776746 homozygotes throughout follow-up (0.48, 95% CI 0.26, 0.86), compared with wildtypes. Estimates were similar for stable labor market attachment.

Conclusion

Overall, the SNPs examined in the study did not influence return-to-work or stable labor market attachment after breast cancer in premenopausal women. Our findings did suggest that the outcomes were delayed in homozygote carriers of CYP3A5 rs776746, though the number of homozygotes was low.
Single-cell high-dimensional imaging mass cytometry: one step beyond in oncology
Authors: Glasson Yaël , Chépeaux Laure-Agnès , Dumé Anne-Sophie , Lafont Virginie , Faget Julien , Bonnefoy Nathalie , Michaud Henri-Alexandre
Published: January 2023

Solid tumors have a dynamic ecosystem in which malignant and non-malignant (endothelial, stromal, and immune) cell types constantly interact. Importantly, the abundance, localization, and functional orientation of each cell component within the tumor microenvironment vary significantly over time and in response to treatment. Such intratumoral heterogeneity influences the tumor course and its sensitivity to treatments. Recently, high-dimensional imaging mass cytometry (IMC) has been developed to explore the tumor ecosystem at the single-cell level. In the last years, several studies demonstrated that IMC is a powerful tool to decipher the tumor complexity. In this review, we summarize the potential of this technology and how it may be useful for cancer research (from preclinical to clinical studies).
Proteomics to study cancer immunity and improve treatment
Authors: Franciosa Giulia , Kverneland Anders H. , Jensen Agnete W. P. , Donia Marco , Olsen Jesper V.
Published: January 2023

Cancer survival and progression depend on the ability of tumor cells to avoid immune recognition. Advances in the understanding of cancer immunity and tumor immune escape mechanisms enabled the development of immunotherapeutic approaches. In patients with otherwise incurable metastatic cancers, immunotherapy resulted in unprecedented response rates with the potential for durable complete responses. However, primary and acquired resistance mechanisms limit the efficacy of immunotherapy. Further therapeutic advances require a deeper understanding of the interplay between immune cells and tumors. Most high-throughput studies within the past decade focused on an omics characterization at DNA and RNA level. However, proteins are the molecular effectors of genomic information; therefore, the study of proteins provides deeper understanding of cellular functions. Recent advances in mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics at a system-wide scale may allow translational and clinical discoveries by enabling the analysis of understudied post-translational modifications, subcellular protein localization, cell signaling, and protein–protein interactions. In this review, we discuss the potential contribution of MS-based proteomics to preclinical and clinical research findings in the context of tumor immunity and cancer immunotherapies.
Undecidable Translational Tilings with Only Two Tiles, or One Nonabelian Tile
Authors: Greenfeld Rachel , Tao Terence
Published: January 2023

We construct an example of a group$$G = \mathbb {Z}^2 \times G_0$$G=Z2×G0for a finite abelian group $$G_0$$G0, a subsetEof $$G_0$$G0, and two finite subsets$$F_1,F_2$$F1,F2of G, such that it is undecidable in ZFC whether$$\mathbb {Z}^2\times E$$Z2×Ecan be tiled by translations of$$F_1,F_2$$F1,F2. In particular, this implies that this tiling problem isaperiodic, in the sense that (in the standard universe of ZFC) there exist translational tilings ofEby the tiles$$F_1,F_2$$F1,F2, but no periodic tilings. Previously, such aperiodic or undecidable translational tilings were only constructed for sets of eleven or more tiles (mostly in $$\mathbb {Z}^2$$Z2). A similar construction also applies for$$G=\mathbb {Z}^d$$G=Zdfor sufficiently large d. If one allows the group$$G_0$$G0to be non-abelian, a variant of the construction produces an undecidable translational tiling with only one tile F. The argument proceeds by first observing that a single tiling equation is able to encode an arbitrary system of tiling equations, which in turn can encode an arbitrary system of certain functional equations once one has two or more tiles. In particular, one can use two tiles to encode tiling problems for an arbitrary number of tiles.
Zwischen Bagatellisierung und Pathologisierung: Gesundheitsversorgung im Alter und die Zeitstruktur guten Lebens
Authors: Schweda Mark , Hummers Eva , Kleinert Evelyn
Published: January 2023

Steigende Lebenserwartung, sozialer Wandel und medizinische Innovationen fordern traditionelle Sichtweisen auf das Alter(n) heraus. Was einst als eine „normale“ Alterserscheinung galt, wird heute im Lichte veränderter Lebensentwürfe und neuartiger Interventionsmöglichkeiten oft schon als Erkrankung aufgefasst und behandelt. Altersbezogene Gesundheitsstandards und Behandlungsziele geraten in Bewegung. Es eröffnet sich ein Spannungsfeld zwischen Bagatellisierung und Pathologisierung von Alterungsprozessen, das der ethischen Reflexion bedarf. Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, wie individuelle und gesellschaftliche Vorstellungen des Alter(n)s im Kontext der modernen Medizin ethisch zu verstehen sind. Dazu geben wir zunächst einen Überblick zur Rolle von Altersbildern in der medizinischen und pflegerischen Versorgung älterer Menschen. Anschließend werden begrifflich-theoretische Perspektiven umrissen, die solche Bilder des Alter(n)s einer strebensethischen Analyse zugänglich machen. Welche Formen der Gesundheitsversorgung im höheren Alter als sinnvoll und angemessen zu gelten haben, ist demnach nicht zuletzt im Licht der Frage nach der Zeitstruktur guten Lebens zu diskutieren.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob-Krankheit – eine mögliche Differentialdiagnose an einer Psychiatrie
Authors: Wimmer Romana , Steiner Milena , Matz Karl , Stöger Peter
Published: January 2023

Prionenerkrankungen sind letale neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, die durch eine Konformationsänderung des physiologischen Prionproteins in eine pathologische Variante ausgelöst werden. Dieses physiologische Prionprotein lagert sich in den Nervenzellen ab, wodurch es zum Zelltod kommt. Von der sporadisch auftretenden Variante der Creutzfeldt-Jakob-Krankheit (CJK), die 90 % der Fälle ausmacht, gibt es in Österreich 14–18 Fälle pro Jahr. Die häufigste Form der sporadischen CJK geht mit den klassischen Symptomen einer raschen dementiellen Entwicklung, einer kortikalen Sehstörung und Myoklonien einher. Je nach neurologischer Verteilung der neuropathologischen Veränderungen können auch andere Symptome im Vordergrund stehen, wie zum Beispiel Schlafstörungen, Ataxie, Pyramidenbahnzeichen oder epileptische Anfälle.

Bei der MV2K-Untervariante der CJK, die in 10 % der sporadischen Fälle vorkommt, also 1,4–1,8 Mal im Jahr in Österreich, steht allerdings die psychiatrische Symptomatik im Vordergrund. Eine Patientin mit ebendieser Variante und unklarer, neu aufgetretener, psychiatrischer Symptomatik wurde an unserer psychiatrischen Abteilung aufgenommen und erhielt während ihres stationären psychiatrischen Aufenthalts, in enger Zusammenarbeit mit der Neurologie, erstmals die Diagnose CJK. Ein Wissen um die möglichen psychiatrischen und neurologischen Symptome ist also auch für Psychiater*innen von Bedeutung.
Optimization of the regioselective synthesis of mixed cellulose 3,5-dimethylphenyl and α-phenylethyl carbamate selectors as separation phases for chiral HPLC
Authors: Bui Cuong Viet , Rosenau Thomas , Hettegger Hubert
Published: January 2023

Regioselective tritylation and carbonate aminolysis were employed in this work to synthesize cellulose 2,3-bis(3,5-dimethylphenyl carbamate)-6-(α-phenylethyl carbamate)-type chiral selectors. We evaluated and optimized the critical aspects of regioselective tritylation and detritylation at C6 of the glucopyranose units of the polysaccharide backbone. The advantage of using cellulose II in comparison to cellulose I for tritylation was analyzed and the detritylation time was determined by a fast and simple thin-layer chromatography method. Optimization of both tritylation and detritylation was accompanied by a combination of analytical techniques. Oxycarbonylation with phenyl chloroformate was used to introduce a reactive phenyl carbonate moiety at C6 of the intermediate cellulose 2,3-bis(3,5-dimethylphenyl carbamate), which was subsequently converted to the respective cellulose 6-(α-phenylethyl carbamate) derivative by aminolysis with enantiopure (R)- or (S)-α-phenylethylamine. The starting material, intermediates, and target cellulose derivatives were comprehensively analytically characterized by ATR-FTIR, solid- and liquid-state13C NMR, GPC, and elemental analysis. With the optimized protocol, it became possible to obtain cellulose carbamate-type chiral selectors through carbonate aminolysis with simple and commercially available primary amines instead of reaction with isocyanate reagents. The enantioseparation performance of the obtained chiral selectors was evaluated against cellulosetris(3,5-dimethylphenyl carbamate) as a reference selector with a selection of chiral analytes.

Graphical abstract
The relation between attitudes towards mathematics and dropout from university mathematics—the mediating role of satisfaction and achievement
Authors: Geisler Sebastian , Rach Stefanie , Rolka Katrin
Published: January 2023

The transition from school to university mathematics is a challenging process for many students, which is reflected in high dropout rates during the first year at university. Using mediation analysis, we want to shed light on the role of students’ attitudes towards mathematics—especially their interest in mathematics and their mathematical self-concept—for early dropout and investigate the underlying mechanisms for the relations between attitudes and dropout. Informed by frameworks of person-environment-fit and results from educational psychology, we consider satisfaction with one’s studies and achievement as potential mediators, influencing the relations between attitudes and early dropout. Our results within a sample of 274 first-year students, enrolled in a pure mathematics or a teacher education program at a German university, show that interest in university mathematics and mathematical self-concept are associated with less risk to drop out. In the case of interest, this relation is mediated by students’ satisfaction, and in the case of self-concept, this relation is mediated by satisfaction and achievement. Based on these results, we discuss how to support students during the transition from school to university mathematics in order to prevent early dropout.
Analysis of safety and efficacy of proton radiotherapy for IDH-mutated glioma WHO grade 2 and 3
Authors: Eichkorn Tanja , Lischalk Jonathan W. , Hörner-Rieber Juliane , Deng Maximilian , Meixner Eva , Krämer Anna , Hoegen Philipp , Sandrini Elisabetta , Regnery Sebastian , Held Thomas , Harrabi Semi , Jungk Christine , Herfarth Klaus , Debus Jürgen , König Laila
Published: January 2023

Purpose

Proton beam radiotherapy (PRT) has been demonstrated to improve neurocognitive sequelae particularly. Nevertheless, following PRT, increased rates of radiation-induced contrast enhancements (RICE) are feared. How safe and effective is PRT for IDH-mutated glioma WHO grade 2 and 3?

Methods

We analyzed 194 patients diagnosed with IDH-mutated WHO grade 2 (n = 128) and WHO grade 3 (n = 66) glioma who were treated with PRT from 2010 to 2020. Serial clinical and imaging follow-up was performed for a median of 5.1 years.

Results

For WHO grade 2, 61% were astrocytoma and 39% oligodendroglioma while for WHO grade 3, 55% were astrocytoma and 45% oligodendroglioma. Median dose for IDH-mutated glioma was 54 Gy(RBE) [range 50.4–60 Gy(RBE)] for WHO grade 2 and 60 Gy(RBE) [range 54–60 Gy(RBE)] for WHO grade 3. Five year overall survival was 85% in patients with WHO grade 2 and 67% in patients with WHO grade 3 tumors. Overall RICE risk was 25%, being higher in patients with WHO grade 2 (29%) versus in patients with WHO grade 3 (17%, p = 0.13). RICE risk increased independent of tumor characteristics with older age (p = 0.017). Overall RICE was symptomatic in 31% of patients with corresponding CTCAE grades as follows: 80% grade 1, 7% grade 2, 13% grade 3, and 0% grade 3 + . Overall need for RICE-directed therapy was 35%.

Conclusion

These data demonstrate the effectiveness of PRT for IDH-mutated glioma WHO grade 2 and 3. The RICE risk differs with WHO grading and is higher in older patients with IDH-mutated Glioma WHO grade 2 and 3.
AdaLip: An Adaptive Learning Rate Method per Layer for Stochastic Optimization
Authors: Ioannou George , Tagaris Thanos , Stafylopatis Andreas
Published: January 2023

Various works have been published around the optimization of Neural Networks that emphasize the significance of the learning rate. In this study we analyze the need for a different treatment for each layer and how this affects training. We propose a novel optimization technique, called AdaLip, that utilizes an estimation of the Lipschitz constant of the gradients in order to construct an adaptive learning rate per layer that can work on top of already existing optimizers, like SGD or Adam. A detailed experimental framework was used to prove the usefulness of the optimizer on three benchmark datasets. It showed that AdaLip improves the training performance and the convergence speed, but also made the training process more robust to the selection of the initial global learning rate.