bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cyclic behavior of the reinforced concrete shear walls with opening retrofitted with steel plate
Authors: Abdoos Fatemeh , Gholhaki Majid , Kheyroddin Ali
Published: May 2024

The reinforced concrete (RC) shear walls are widely used as the lateral load‐resisting system due to their adequate ductility and great energy dissipation capacity. On the other hand, use of these walls can reduce the size of the beams and columns and also, decreases the lateral displacements. However, presence of the openings in the shear walls alters the behavior of the wall and therefore, the dimensions and position of the opening play a key role in the performance of this structural system. In this study, an RC shear wall with eccentric opening was verified using ABAQUS software. This model, which is called the reference model, a wall and a pier have been created according to aspect ratios given by ACI318‐14. This model was retrofitted with the steel plates arranged in various patterns and effect of each pattern on the system's performance was investigated and the best one was selected. The best steel plate arrangement increased the ultimate strength, maximum strength, cracking strength, and energy dissipation capacity by 127.3%, 13.42%, 22.53%, and 16.8%, respectively. To practically use this retrofit technique, three low, mid, and high‐rise buildings designed based on the old and new versions of the Iranian Code of Practice for Seismic Resistant Design of Buildings (Standard 2800) were upgraded with this technique and their performance was evaluated and performance of the substandard and standard buildings were compared with each other. The research results showed the ST52 steel plates do not considerably increase the maximum and cracking strength and could enhance the ultimate strength insignificantly. By retrofitting the edges of the openings by the diagonal steel plates and preventing spread of the cracks at the edges and corners, satisfactory results could be attained. Simultaneous use of the vertical and horizontal plates is an effective solution to increase the flexural and shear capacity of the structure.
Optimization of steam curing process for Chinese Western and Northeast regions' high‐speed railway concrete prefabricated components
Authors: Xiang Yu , Duan Peilun , Wang Jilin , Jiang Guokang , Hu Zuhao , Xiao Qiyuan , Zeng Xiaohui
Published: May 2024

This article aims to address the issues of high curing temperatures and thermal damage in the production of prefabricated concrete components for high‐speed railways in high‐altitude and high‐latitude cold regions of China. Various steam‐curing processes for concrete are designed to optimize the high‐quality preparation process of steam‐cured concrete prefabricated components in cold environments. With the goal of controlling the residual expansion deformation and considering the overall impact of curing process on the mechanics, durability, and interface transition zone of steam‐cured concrete, the main conclusions obtained in this study are as follows. Within a pre‐curing time of 3–6 h, when the curing temperature is maintained at 45–60°C, the final residual expansion deformation can be controlled below 300 με. The compressive strength, dynamic elastic modulus, peak stress, water absorption and Chloride ion resistance of steam‐cured concrete show the great improvement under above curing processes. Curing at 80°C should be actively avoided, and it is recommended to adopt a 6 h pre‐curing time with a maximum curing temperature of 45°C, especially for cold regions in China. This study can serve as a valuable reference and provide support for the preparation of prefabricated concrete components in Chinese high‐altitude and high‐latitude areas.
Ultimate torsional moment of dry horizontal joint for prefabricated concrete tower
Authors: Chen Junling , Lin Wenmin , Li Jinwei
Published: May 2024

More and more prefabricated steel–concrete hybrid wind turbine towers have been built because of their better lateral stiffness than those of the full steel towers, in which epoxy resin joints are commonly adopted at the horizontal joint between two ring units for improving the erection speed. In fact, epoxy resin joints are designed in the same way as dry joints due to the very thin thickness of epoxy resin layer, in which epoxy resin only acts as a leveling blanket and sealer for jointing and compensates for the unevenness of the contact surface between two ring units. The current design method for the resistance to torsional moment at the horizontal joint is not reasonable because of the unreasonable assumption of Saint‐Venant's torsional theory. The integral expressions of the ultimate torsional moment at the horizontal joint with and without shear force are derived, respectively. The solution of the integral expressions for the ultimate torsional moment is realized by Python programming. The refined finite element analyses of two cases are compared with the existing small‐scale tests with segmental aluminum tubes, which verifies the calculation accuracy of the proposed integral method. In the modified integral model of the ultimate torsional moment, a correction term of the resistance to torsional moment and a more suitable distribution of shear stress under the action of horizontal shear force are proposed to obtain a more accurate ultimate torsional moment. Finally, 36 sets of cases with typical dimensions and axial forces in practical engineering are analyzed by the proposed integral model in the absence of horizontal shear force. One six‐parameter model for calculating the ultimate torsional moment is fitted by the least square method. A discount factor is proposed to consider the influence of the horizontal shear force on the ultimate torsional moment.
A microendemic and enigmatic new cactus species from the campo rupestre of Minas Gerais, Brazil: Uebelmannia nuda (Cactaceae, Cactoideae)
Authors: Zappi Daniela C. , Taylor Nigel P. , Costa Fabiane Nepomuceno , Fonseca Simone Nunes , Ferreira Paula Leão , Romeiro‐Brito Monique , Telhe Milena C. , Köhler Matias , Franco Fernando F. , Moraes Evandro M.
Published: May 2024

A phylogenetic study of Uebelmannia investigates the relationships of a newly discovered taxon in this enigmatic, early‐diverging genus that is sister to all the other c. 460 species of tribe Cereeae. Here we present a coalescent‐based phylogenetic tree inferred with nuclear genes captured by the Cactaceae591 probe set encompassing all Uebelmannia species. The new taxon U. nuda is sister to U. pectinifera, while U. gummifera and U. buiningii form another pair of closely related species. The unusual characteristics of the new cactus (semi‐subterranean/geophytic habit, turbinate stem, naked areoles) distinguish it from all other Uebelmannia species. The definition of the relationships within this early‐derived genus endemic to the campo rupestre of Minas Gerais State became more evident, and this new find adds to the importance of this biogeographic province for the evolution of tribe Cereeae. The new species is described, and a preliminary conservation assessment is presented. Additionally, a key for all taxa of the genus is provided.
EmoBone: A Multinational Audio Dataset of Emotional Bone Conducted Speech
Authors: Hosain Md. Sarwar , Sugiura Yosuke , Rahman M. Shahidur , Shimamura Tetsuya
Published: May 2024

This paper introduces EmoBone, a comprehensive audio‐only emotional bone‐conducted speech dataset featuring speakers from various countries. The dataset comprises speeches from 28 individuals representing 10 different nations, with each participant delivering 10 sentences designed to evoke distinct emotions. In addition to an air‐conducted microphone, the recordings utilized bone conduction technology, transmitting sound directly to the speakers' inner ears, ensuring high‐quality emotional speech recordings. To assess the validity of the dataset, 80 university students from Bangladesh listened to the recordings and successfully identified the expressed emotions with an accuracy exceeding 76%. Statistical methods were also employed to evaluate the reliability of the dataset, revealing a high level of agreement among raters. EmoBone, with a cumulative duration surpassing 19 h and 15 680 unique utterances, stands as the most extensive emotional speech dataset available. This makes it a valuable tool for studying how emotional speech varies across cultures. Furthermore, due to its utilization of bone conduction technology, EmoBone facilitates the study of acoustic features in emotional speech from diverse dimensions. The data that supports the findings of this study is available upon reasonable request. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Research on Evaluation and Prediction Method of Electrical Life of Contactor Individual
Authors: Sun Shuguang , Liu Jinfa , Wang Jingqin , Shao Xu , Zhao Yaohua
Published: May 2024

Aiming at the problem of electrical life prediction of AC contactor individual, considering that characteristic information and degradation trend of different life stages are different, a comprehensive electrical life analysis method is proposed. First, based on uncertainty reasoning, initial electrical life is qualitatively evaluated to realize an early warning for contactor with poor performance. Secondly, real‐time monitoring of performance degradation inflection point is used to realize the determination of degradation stage. With degradation stage matching mechanism, the quantitative prediction of remaining useful electrical life is realized based on performance inflection point and Elman neural network, thus forming an effective monitoring of the operation state in full life cycle. It is verified by experiment that the proposed method can accurately evaluate initial life grade and predict remaining useful life after performance inflection point. Compared with other methods, the information of electrical life for contactor individual can be accurately and comprehensively obtained. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
An Effective Fuel Cost‐Less Bus Driver Allocation Scheme by Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Miura Riku , Mizutani Kimihiro
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we propose a cost‐effective driver allocation scheme based on the Genetic Algorithm (GA) aimed at improving fuel efficiency for bus companies. With our evaluations using real bus sensing data, our scheme has demonstrated a significant reduction in running resistance, achieving a 20%–26% decrease compared to current real‐world allocations. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Toward an evidence‐informed, responsible, and inclusive debate on solar geoengineering: A response to the proposed non‐use agreement
Authors: Parson Edward A. , Buck Holly J. , Jinnah Sikina , Moreno‐Cruz Juan , Nicholson Simon
Published: May 2024

A prominent recent perspective article in this journal and accompanying open letter propose a broad international “non‐use agreement” (NUA) on activities related to solar geoengineering (SG). The NUA calls on governments to renounce large‐scale use of SG, and also to refuse to fund SG research, ban outdoor experiments, decline to grant IP rights, and reject discussions of SG in international organizations. We argue that such pre‐emptive rejection of public research and consultation would deprive future policy‐makers of knowledge and capability that would support informed decisions to safely and equitably limit climate risk, sustain human welfare, and protect threatened ecosystems. In contrast to the broad prohibitions of the NUA, we propose an alternative near‐term pathway with five elements: assess SG risks and benefits in the context of related climate risks and responses; distinguish the risks and governance needs of SG research and deployment; pursue research that treats uncertainties and divergent results even‐handedly; harness normalization of SG as a path to effective assessment and governance; and build a more globally inclusive conversation on SG and its governance. These principles would support a more informed, responsible, and inclusive approach to limiting climate risks, including judgments on the potential role or rejection of SG, than the prohibitory approach of the NUA.

This article is categorized under:

Climate and Development > Social Justice and the Politics of Development

Policy and Governance > Multilevel and Transnational Climate Change Governance

Policy and Governance > National Climate Change Policy
Current state of minimally invasive general surgical practice in Africa: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the laparoscopic procedures performed and outcomes
Authors: Falola Adebayo Feranmi , Fadairo Rhoda Tolulope , Dada Oluwasina Samuel , Adenikinju Joseph Sanmi , Ogbodu Emmanuella , Effiong‐John Blessing , Akande Damilola Grace , Okere Madeleine Oluomachi , Adelotan Anuoluwapo , Ndong Abdourahmane
Published: May 2024

Background

Minimally invasive surgery, including laparoscopy and robotics, has significantly improved general surgical (GS) practice globally. While robot‐assisted GS practice is yet to be adopted in the majority of Africa, laparoscopy has been utilized to improve surgical outcomes. This study aims to review the laparoscopic GS procedures (LGSPs) performed and evaluate outcomes such as conversion to open surgery, morbidity, and mortality in Africa.

Methods

Four databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, WoS, and AJOL) were searched, identifying 8022 publications. Following screening, 40 studies across Africa that reported LGSPs (n ≥ 2) performed and outcomes met the inclusion criteria. A meta‐analysis conducted using R statistical software estimated the pooled prevalences with the 95% CI of conversion, morbidity, and mortality.

Results

A total of 6381 procedures performed in 15 African countries were analyzed in this study. Majority, 72.89%, of the procedures were performed in Senegal, South Africa, and Nigeria. The major procedures performed were cholecystectomy (37.09%), appendicectomy (33.36%), and diagnostic laparoscopy (9.98%). The meta‐analysis revealed a conversion rate of 5% [95% CI: 4, 7]. Adhesion (28.13%), hemorrhage (16.67%), technical difficultly (12.50%), and equipment failure (11.46%) were the predominant indications for conversion. Surgical site infection (42.75%) was the major cause of morbidity. The prevalences of morbidity and mortality were 7% [95% CI: 5, 10] and 0.12% [95% CI: 0, 0.29], respectively.

Conclusion

A wide range of basic and advanced LGSPs were performed. The outcomes obtained indicate successful implementation of the laparoscopic approach. Importantly, this study serves as a foundational work for further research on minimally invasive surgery in Africa.
Race Equity and Inclusive Curriculum: Diversity Mark and Making a Lasting Impression on the Institution
Authors: Adewumi Barbara
Published: May 2024

This chapter discusses practical approaches towards developing and sustaining transformative conversations towards decolonising university curricula. A student–staff collaborative research initiative reviewed module reading lists in several academic schools within the University of Kent to explore the benefits of broadening perspectives in pedagogy. The aim was to encourage teaching staff to include authors from the global South often marginalised or effaced from historical texts (Olusoga,  2021). Critical race theory’s method of storytelling was applied to demonstrate the value of the voices and scholarship of people of colour. Findings from the Diversity Mark initiative reveal that reading lists are overwhelmingly comprised of white, European, male authors, indicating ‘apartheid of knowledge’ (Bernal and Villalpando,  2002) which reproduces epistemic inequality. This chapter draws on postcolonial theory and further examines legacies of structural inequalities permeating university’s curricula. Diversity Mark findings have led to a Diversity Mark toolkit used to improve belonging and inclusion within the curricula.
Cutkosky representation and direct integration
Authors: Vergu C.
Published: May 2024

Abstract

We present a new method of direct integration of Feynman integrals based on the Cutkosky representation of the integrals. In this representation we are able to explicitly compute the integrals which yield square root singularities and leave only the integrals which yield logarithmic singularities, thus making the transcendentality weight manifest. The method is elementary, algorithmic, does not introduce spurious non-physical singularities and does not require a reduction to a basis of pure integrals.
Discrete global symmetries: gauging and twisted compactification
Authors: Giacomelli Simone , Harding William , Mekareeya Noppadol , Mininno Alessandro
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Discrete global symmetries of 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SCFTs are studied via two operations: gauging and twisted compactification. We consider gauging of discrete symmetries in several well-known 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SCFTs, including SU(n) SQCD with 2n flavors, theories of class $$ \mathcal{S} $$
S
of type A2n−1, and Argyres-Douglas theories of type (AN, AN), as well as propose new 4d SCFTs as a result. The wreathing technique, which involves gauging a subgroup of the automorphism group of the quiver diagram of the corresponding 3d mirror theory, is exploited. This allows us to understand several properties of discretely gauged theories, including moduli spaces and how discrete gauging affects the mixed ’t Hooft anomaly between the 1-form symmetry and the 0-form flavor symmetry. Many examples are viewed through the lens of the Argyres-Seiberg duality and its generalization. We also examine discrete gauging of SU(2) SQCD with 4 flavors by various ℤ2 and ℤ2 × ℤ2 subgroups of the permutation group S4 using the superconformal index. Regarding compactification, we propose a magnetic quiver for 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SU(n) SQCD with 2n flavors compactified on a circle with a ℤ2 twist. The twisted compactification by non-invertible symmetries of the 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM theory with gauge group SU(N) is revisited. The non-invertible symmetry naturally gives rise to a ℤk action on the scalar fields parametrizing the moduli space. Upon examining the ℤk invariant chiral ring of the Higgs branch, we find that, in addition to the largest branch of the moduli space that is expected to be captured by the ABJ(M) theory, there exist in general nilpotent operators that lead to a branch of the moduli space which is a radical ideal.
The AdS Veneziano amplitude at small curvature
Authors: Alday Luis F. , Chester Shai M. , Hansen Tobias , Zhong De-liang
Published: May 2024

Abstract

We compute the AdS Veneziano amplitude for type IIB gluon scattering in AdS5 × S3 to all orders in α′ in a small curvature expansion. This is achieved by combining a dispersion relation in the dual 4d$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SCFT with an ansatz for the amplitude as a worldsheet integral in terms of multiple polylogarithms. The first curvature correction is fully fixed in this way and satisfies consistency checks in the high energy limit, the low energy expansion as previously fixed using supersymmetric localisation, and for the energy of massive string operators, which we independently compute using a semiclassical expansion. We also combine localisation with this first curvature correction to fix the unprotected D4F4 correction to the amplitude at finite curvature.
Sylow intersections and Frobenius ratios
Authors: Knapp Wolfgang , Schmid Peter
Published: May 2024

Let G be a finite group and p a prime dividing its order |G|, with p-part $$|G|_p$$

|
G
|

p

, and let $$G_p$$

G
p

denote the set of all p-elements in G. A well known theorem of Frobenius tells us that $$f_p(G)=|G_p|/|G|_p$$

f
p

(
G
)

=
|

G
p

|
/
|
G
|

p

is an integer. As $$G_p$$

G
p

is the union of the Sylow p-subgroups of G, this Frobenius ratio$$f_p(G)$$

f
p

(
G
)

evidently depends on the number $$s_p(G)=|\textrm{Syl}_p(G)|$$

s
p

(
G
)

=

|

Syl
p

(
G
)

|

of Sylow p-subgroups of G and on Sylow intersections. One knows that $$s_p(G)=1+kp$$

s
p

(
G
)

=
1
+
k
p

and $$f_p(G)=1+\ell (p-1)$$

f
p

(
G
)

=
1
+
ℓ

(
p
-
1
)

for nonnegative integers $$k, \ell $$

k
,
ℓ

, and that $$f_p(G)<s_p(G)$$

f
p

(
G
)

<

s
p

(
G
)

unless G has a normal Sylow p-subgroup. In order to get lower bounds for $$f_p(G)$$

f
p

(
G
)

we, study the permutation character $${\pi }={\pi }_p(G)$$

π
=

π
p

(
G
)

of G in its transitive action on $$\textrm{Syl}_p(G)$$

Syl
p

(
G
)

via conjugation (Sylow character). We will get, in particular, that $$f_p(G)\ge s_p(G)/r_p(G)$$

f
p

(
G
)

≥

s
p

(
G
)

/

r
p

(
G
)

where $$r_p(G)$$

r
p

(
G
)

denotes the number of P-orbits on $$\textrm{Syl}_p(G)$$

Syl
p

(
G
)

for any fixed $$P\in \textrm{Syl}_p(G)$$

P
∈

Syl
p

(
G
)

. One can have $$\ell \ge k\ge 1$$

ℓ
≥
k
≥
1

only when P is irredundant for $$G_p$$

G
p

, that is, when P is not contained in the union of the $$Q\ne P$$

Q
≠
P

in $$\textrm{Syl}_p(G)$$

Syl
p

(
G
)

and so $$\widehat{P}=\bigcup _{Q\ne P}(P\cap Q)$$

P
^

=

⋃

Q
≠
P

(
P
∩
Q
)

a proper subset of P. We prove that $$\ell \ge k$$

ℓ
≥
k

when $$|\widehat{P}|\le |P|/p$$

|

P
^

|
≤
|
P
|
/
p

.
Glucose and HODEs regulate Aspergillus ochraceus quorum sensing through the GprC-AcyA pathway
Authors: Gao Jing , Liu Huiqing , Jin Yuxin , Luo Yunbo , Huang Kunlun , Liang Zhihong
Published: May 2024

Aspergillus ochraceus is the traditional ochratoxin A (OTA)-producing fungus with density-dependent behaviors, which is known as quorum sensing (QS) that is mediated by signaling molecules. Individual cells trend to adapt environmental changes in a “whole” flora through communications, allowing fungus to occupy an important ecological niche. Signals perception, transmission, and feedback are all rely on a signal network that constituted by membrane receptors and intracellular effectors. However, the interference of density information in signal transduction, which regulates most life activities of Aspergillus, have yet to be elucidated. Here we show that the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) to cAMP pathway is responsible for transmitting density information, and regulates the key point in life cycle of A. ochraceus. Firstly, the quorum sensing phenomenon of A. ochraceus is confirmed, and identified the density threshold is 103 spores/mL, which represents the low density that produces the most OTA in a series quorum density. Moreover, the GprC that classified as sugar sensor, and intracellular adenylate cyclase (AcyA)-cAMP-PKA pathway that in response to ligands glucose and HODEs are verified. Furthermore, GprC and AcyA regulate the primary metabolism as well as secondary metabolism, and further affects the growth of A. ochraceus during the entire life cycle. These studies highlight a crucial G protein signaling pathway for cell communication that is mediated by carbohydrate and oxylipins, and clarified a comprehensive effect of fungal development, which include the direct gene regulation and indirect substrate or energy supply. Our work revealed more signal molecules that mediated density information and connected effects on important adaptive behaviors of Aspergillus ochraceus, hoping to achieve comprehensive prevention and control of mycotoxin pollution from interrupting cell communication.
Algebraic Global Gadgetry for Surjective Constraint Satisfaction
Authors: Chen Hubie
Published: May 2024

The constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) on a finite relational
structure B is to decide, given a set of constraints on variables
where the relations come from B, whether or not there is an assignment
to the variables satisfying all of the constraints; the surjective
CSP is the variant where one decides the existence of a surjective satisfying
assignment onto the universe of B. We present an algebraic
framework for proving hardness results on surjective CSPs; essentially,
this framework computes global gadgetry that permits one to present
a reduction from a classical CSP to a surjective CSP. We show how to
derive a number of hardness results for surjective CSP in this framework,
including the hardness of the disconnected cut problem, of the
no-rainbow three-coloring problem, and of the surjective CSP on all
two-element structures known to be intractable (in this setting). Our
framework thus allows us to unify these hardness results and reveal
common structure among them; we believe that our hardness proof for
the disconnected cut problem is more succinct than the original. In
our view, the framework also makes very transparent a way in which
classical CSPs can be reduced to surjective CSPs.
Strukturelle Versorgungssituation der operativen Therapie bei männlicher Belastungsinkontinenz in Deutschland
Authors: Menzel Viktoria , Bauer Ricarda M. , Grabbert Markus , Putz Juliane , Eisenmenger Nicole , Flegar Luka , Borkowetz Angelika , Huber Johannes , Thomas Christian , Baunacke Martin
Published: May 2024

Hintergrund

Die Belastungsinkontinenz des Mannes ist überwiegend iatrogen bedingt. Aktuelle Studien zeigen nicht nur in Deutschland ein Versorgungsdefizit in der operativen Therapie. Ziel ist es, die strukturelle Versorgung der operativen Therapie der männlichen Belastungsinkontinenz in Deutschland detaillierter zu untersuchen.

Material und Methoden

Die Auswertung der strukturellen Versorgung durch Belastungsinkontinenzoperationen des Mannes in Deutschland erfolgt anhand von OPS-Codes der Qualitätsberichte der Krankenhäuser von 2011 bis 2019.

Ergebnisse

Von 2012 bis 2019 zeigt sich ein Rückgang der Inkontinenzoperationen beim Mann von 2191 auf 1445. Die Zahl der Kliniken, die Inkontinenzoperationen durchführen, fiel von 275 auf 244. In der multivariaten Analyse ist eine hohe Zahl (n ≥ 50) an radikalen Prostatektomien/Jahr (RPE/Jahr) ein unabhängiger Prädiktor für eine High-volume-Klinik (≥ 10 Eingriffe/Jahr: Odds Ratio [OR] 6,4 [2,3–17,6]; p < 0,001). Ein deutlicher Rückgang ist bei Schlingenoperationen (von n = 1091 auf 410; p < 0,001) zu verzeichnen. Hier sank besonders die Fallzahl in Kliniken, die eine hohe Zahl an Schlingen implantierten (≥ 10 Schlingen/Jahr; −69 %; −62,4 ± 15,5 Operationen/Jahr; p = 0,007). Diese haben sich auch in ihrer Anzahl verringert (von n = 34 auf 10; p < 0,001). Dies betraf insbesondere Klinken, die auch eine geringe Zahl an RPE/Jahr aufwiesen (Zahl der Kliniken von 9 auf 0 gefallen [−100 %]).

Schlussfolgerung

Die Versorgungssituation der operativen Therapie der männlichen Belastungsinkontinenz in Deutschland zeigt einen deutlichen Rückgang der Schlingenimplantation, insbesondere in kleinen Kliniken. Auf der einen Seite reflektiert dies die zunehmend differenzierte Indikationsstellung der Schlingenimplantation. Auf der anderen Seite ergibt sich der Verdacht auf eine entstandene Versorgungslücke, da eine Kompensation durch andere operative Verfahren nicht ersichtlich ist.
Expectile regression averaging method for probabilistic forecasting of electricity prices
Authors: Janczura Joanna
Published: May 2024

In this paper we propose a new method for probabilistic forecasting of electricity prices. It is based on averaging point forecasts from different models combined with expectile regression. We show that deriving the predicted distribution in terms of expectiles, might be in some cases advantageous to the commonly used quantiles. We apply the proposed method to the day-ahead electricity prices from the German market and compare its accuracy with the Quantile Regression Averaging method and quantile- as well as expectile-based historical simulation. The obtained results indicate that using the expectile regression improves the accuracy of the probabilistic forecasts of electricity prices, but a variance stabilizing transformation should be applied prior to modelling.
A modular strategy for the testing and assessment of non-genotoxic carcinogens
Authors: Louekari Kimmo , Jacobs Miriam N.
Published: May 2024

A modular strategy is described for the testing and assessment (MoSt) of non-genotoxic carcinogenicity (NGTxC) that is suitable for regulatory applications. It utilizes and builds upon work conducted by the OECD expert group on NGTxC. The approach integrates relevant test methods from the molecular- to cellular- and further to tissue level, many of which have been recently reviewed. Six progressive modules are included in the strategy. Advice is provided for the iterative selection of the next appropriate test method within each step of the strategy. Assessment is completed by a weight of evidence conclusion, which integrates the different streams of modular information. The assessment method gives higher weight to findings that are mechanistically linked with biological relevance to carcinogenesis. With a focus on EU-REACH, and pending upon successful test method validation and acceptance, this will also enable the MoSt for NGTxC to be applied for regulatory purposes across different regulatory jurisdictions.
On the largest product-free subsets of the alternating groups
Authors: Keevash Peter , Lifshitz Noam , Minzer Dor
Published: May 2024

A subset $A$
A
of a group $G$
G
is called product-free if there is no solution to $a=bc$
a
=
b
c
with $a,b,c$
a
,
b
,
c
all in $A$
A
. It is easy to see that the largest product-free subset of the symmetric group $S_{n}$

S
n

is obtained by taking the set of all odd permutations, i.e. $S_{n} \backslash A_{n}$

S
n

∖

A
n

, where $A_{n}$

A
n

is the alternating group. In 1985 Babai and Sós (Eur. J. Comb. 6(2):101–114, 1985) conjectured that the group $A_{n}$

A
n

also contains a product-free set of constant density. This conjecture was refuted by Gowers (whose result was subsequently improved by Eberhard), still leaving the long-standing problem of determining the largest product-free subset of $A_{n}$

A
n

wide open. We solve this problem for large $n$
n
, showing that the maximum size is achieved by the previously conjectured extremal examples, namely families of the form $\left \{ \pi :\,\pi (x)\in I, \pi (I)\cap I=\varnothing \right \} $

{
π
:

π
(
x
)
∈
I
,
π
(
I
)
∩
I
=
∅
}

and their inverses. Moreover, we show that the maximum size is only achieved by these extremal examples, and we have stability: any product-free subset of $A_{n}$

A
n

of nearly maximum size is structurally close to an extremal example. Our proof uses a combination of tools from Combinatorics and Non-abelian Fourier Analysis, including a crucial new ingredient exploiting some recent theory developed by Filmus, Kindler, Lifshitz and Minzer for global hypercontractivity on the symmetric group.
Glass bead system to study mycotoxin production of Aspergillus spp. on corn and rice starches
Authors: Inotai Katalin , Bata-Vidács Ildikó , Tóth Ákos , Kosztik Judit , Varga Mónika , Szekeres András , Nagy István , Nagy István , Dobolyi Csaba , Mörtl Mária , Székács András , Kukolya József
Published: May 2024

Mycotoxin production by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) -producing Aspergillus flavus Zt41 and sterigmatocystin (ST) -hyperproducer Aspergillus creber 2663 mold strains on corn and rice starch, both of high purity and nearly identical amylose-amylopectin composition, as the only source of carbon, was studied. Scanning electron microscopy revealed average starch particle sizes of 4.54 ± 0.635 µm and 10.9 ± 2.78 µm, corresponding to surface area to volume ratios of 127 1/µm for rice starch and 0.49 1/µm for corn starch. Thus, a 2.5-fold difference in particle size correlated to a larger, 259-fold difference in surface area. To allow starch, a water-absorbing powder, to be used as a sole food source for Aspergillus strains, a special glass bead system was applied. AFB1 production of A. flavus Zt41 was determined to be 437.6 ± 128.4 ng/g and 90.0 ± 44.8 ng/g on rice and corn starch, respectively, while corresponding ST production levels by A. creber 2663 were 72.8 ± 10.0 µg/g and 26.8 ± 11.6 µg/g, indicating 3–fivefold higher mycotoxin levels on rice starch than on corn starch as sole carbon and energy sources.

Key points

• A glass bead system ensuring the flow of air when studying powders was developed.

• AFB1 and ST production of A. flavus and A. creber on rice and corn starches were studied.

• 3–fivefold higher mycotoxin levels on rice starch than on corn starch were detected.
Preoperative evaluation of femoral and tibial sagittal alignment in robotic-assisted and conventional total knee arthroplasty and consequences for practice
Authors: Peng Yue , Ding Ran , Li Ming , Wang Guangxue , Zhong Zikang , Wei Lingbo , Huang Cheng , Zhang Nianfei , Hernigou Philippe , Wang Weiguo
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty (TKA) was developed to improve the precision and accuracy of implant placement in conventional TKA. However, the angular differences between referenced axes in robot-assisted TKA and conventional TKA remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the angular differences in sagittal alignment between robot-assisted TKA and conventional TKA for both the femur and the tibia and to discuss their clinical implications.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of data from 100 patients (97 patients) who underwent computed tomography (CT) for Mako TKA. We measured the angle between the robot femoral axis (RFA) and conventional femoral axis (CFA) in the sagittal plane and the angle between the robot tibial axis (RTA) and the conventional tibial axis (CTA). Angles were compared between the sexes. Correlation analysis was conducted between the angles and height.

Results

In the sagittal plane, the mean RFA-CFA angle was 2.2° ± 1.6°, and the mean RTA-CTA angle was 2.3° ± 1.6°. There were no significant differences between the two angles among males and females (p > 0.05). There was a correlation between the RFA-CFA angle and RTA-CTA angle (p < 0.001, r = 0.33), and there was a correlation between height and the combination of the RFA-CFA angle and RTA-CTA angle (p = 0.03, r = 0.22).

Conclusion

There are angular differences between the axes referenced by robot-assisted TKA and those referenced by conventional TKA, which may be influenced by patient height. Correctly understanding these differences is crucial when evaluating the implant position and surgical outcomes after robot-assisted TKA. Furthermore, caution should be taken when assessing the flexion–extension angle of the knee since the angles displayed in the Mako system are different from the angles measured with intramedullary anatomical axes. After all, sagittal alignment principles differ between robot-assisted and conventional TKA; however, further studies are required to determine which principle is more appropriate or to modify these principles.
Data Scaling: Implications for Climate Action and Governance in the UK
Authors: Sudmant Andrew
Published: May 2024

Local actors have growing prominence in climate governance but key capacities and powers remain with national policymakers. Coordination between national and local climate action is therefore of increasing importance. Underappreciated in existing academic and policy literature, coordination between actors at different scales can be affected not only by politics and institutional arrangements, but also by methods of data analysis. Exploring two datasets of GHG emissions by local area in England—one of consumption-based emissions and the other of territorial emissions—this paper shows the potential for a data scaling problem known as the modifiable areal unit problem and its possible consequences for the efficacy and equity implications of climate action. While this analysis is conceptual and does not identify specific instances of the modifiable areal unit problem or its consequences, it calls attention to methods of data analysis as possible contributors to climate governance challenges. Among other areas, future analysis is needed to explore how data scaling and other aspects of data processing and analysis may affect our understanding of non-state actors’ contribution to climate action.
Platelet-rich plasma therapy in erectile dysfunction and Peyronie’s disease: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Asmundo Maria Giovanna , Durukan Emil , von Rohden Elena , Thy Sandra Amalie , Jensen Christian Fuglesang Skjødt , Fode Mikkel
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as a regenerative therapy has gained interest in the field of andrology for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) and Peyronie’s disease (PD). This systematic review aims to critically evaluate the current evidence on the use of PRP for these conditions.

Methods

We performed a systematic literature search according to the PRISMA guidelines using PubMed and Scopus databases in December 2023. Studies were included if they evaluated the effect of PRP therapy for ED or PD in humans.

Results

We identified 164 articles, 17 of which were included, consisting of 11 studies on ED, 5 studies on PD, and 1 study on both. We included four randomized controlled trials, 11 prospective cohort studies, and three retrospective cohort studies including a total of 1099 patients. The studies on ED and PD generally showed small to moderate benefits with mild and transient side effects and no major adverse events were reported. General limitations included variations in PRP protocols, small sample sizes, short follow-up periods, and lack of control groups except in the three randomized trials on ED and the one on PD.

Conclusion

The literature on PRP therapy in andrology is limited and difficult to interpret due to variations in protocols and methodological drawbacks. Further research is necessary to determine the optimal preparation and treatment protocols for PRP therapy and clarify its effectiveness in andrology.
Evolution of publicly available large language models for complex decision-making in breast cancer care
Authors: Griewing Sebastian , Knitza Johannes , Boekhoff Jelena , Hillen Christoph , Lechner Fabian , Wagner Uwe , Wallwiener Markus , Kuhn Sebastian
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study investigated the concordance of five different publicly available Large Language Models (LLM) with the recommendations of a multidisciplinary tumor board regarding treatment recommendations for complex breast cancer patient profiles.

Methods

Five LLM, including three versions of ChatGPT (version 4 and 3.5, with data access until September 3021 and January 2022), Llama2, and Bard were prompted to produce treatment recommendations for 20 complex breast cancer patient profiles. LLM recommendations were compared to the recommendations of a multidisciplinary tumor board (gold standard), including surgical, endocrine and systemic treatment, radiotherapy, and genetic testing therapy options.

Results

GPT4 demonstrated the highest concordance (70.6%) for invasive breast cancer patient profiles, followed by GPT3.5 September 2021 (58.8%), GPT3.5 January 2022 (41.2%), Llama2 (35.3%) and Bard (23.5%). Including precancerous lesions of ductal carcinoma in situ, the identical ranking was reached with lower overall concordance for each LLM (GPT4 60.0%, GPT3.5 September 2021 50.0%, GPT3.5 January 2022 35.0%, Llama2 30.0%, Bard 20.0%). GPT4 achieved full concordance (100%) for radiotherapy. Lowest alignment was reached in recommending genetic testing, demonstrating a varying concordance (55.0% for GPT3.5 January 2022, Llama2 and Bard up to 85.0% for GPT4).

Conclusion

This early feasibility study is the first to compare different LLM in breast cancer care with regard to changes in accuracy over time, i.e., with access to more data or through technological upgrades. Methodological advancement, i.e., the optimization of prompting techniques, and technological development, i.e., enabling data input control and secure data processing, are necessary in the preparation of large-scale and multicenter studies to provide evidence on their safe and reliable clinical application. At present, safe and evidenced use of LLM in clinical breast cancer care is not yet feasible.
Dating prograde metamorphism: U–Pb geochronology of allanite and REE-rich epidote in the Eastern Alps
Authors: Stumpf S. , Skrzypek E. , Stüwe K.
Published: May 2024

We use U–Pb dating of allanite and REE-rich epidote in three polymetamorphosed units from the Eastern Alps to constrain the timing of prograde metamorphism. All three units (Ennstal, Wölz and Rappold Complex) record several metamorphic cycles (Variscan, Permian and Eoalpine) and presently define an Eoalpine (Cretaceous) metamorphic field gradient from lower greenschist to amphibolite facies. For U–Pb data, a method is introduced to test the magnitude of 230Th disequilibrium and potentially approximate the Th/U ratio of the reservoir out of which allanite and REE-rich epidote grew. We also show that the modelled stability of epidote-group minerals in the REE-free MnNCKFMASH and MnNCKFMASHTO systems and REE-bearing systems is nearly identical. By combining the stability fields of (clino-)zoisite and epidote modelled in REE-free systems with known geothermal gradients for the region, REE-rich epidote growth is constrained to 200–450 °C and 0.2–0.8 GPa during prograde metamorphism. In the Rappold Complex, allanite cores yield a Variscan age of ca. 327 Ma. In the Ennstal and Wölz Complex, allanite growth during the Permian event occurred at ca. 279–286 Ma. Importantly, recrystallized allanite laths and REE-rich epidote overgrowths in samples from all three units yield prograde Eoalpine ages of ca. 100 Ma, even though these units subsequently reached different peak conditions, most likely at different times. This suggests that all units were buried roughly at the same time during the onset of Eoalpine continental subduction. This interpretation leaves room for the model proposing that diachronous peak metamorphic conditions reported for the field gradient may be related to the inertia of thermal equilibration rather than tectonic processes.
The multiple roles of nerve biopsy in the diagnosis and prognosis of suspected immune neuropathies
Authors: Klimas Rafael , Kordes Anna , Huckemann Sophie , Gasz Zornitsa , Philipps Jörg , Sgodzai Melissa , Grüter Thomas , Sevindik Melis , Schneider-Gold Christiane , Gold Ralf , Keyvani Kathy , Yoon Min-Suk , Fisse Anna Lena , Pitarokoili Kalliopi , Motte Jeremias
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The value of a sural nerve biopsy for the diagnosis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is controversial. Evidence-based recommendations for its implementation are lacking. We investigated factors leading to biopsy and analyzed biopsy outcomes and consequences, assessed the predictability of biopsy outcomes through clinical parameters to avoid unnecessary biopsies, and compared results with electrophysiological and clinical severity to determine their prognostic value.

Methods

190 sural nerve biopsies were analyzed in two cohorts. One consisted of 163 biopsies and the second of 72 biopsies from the prospective Immune-mediated Neuropathies Biomaterial and Data registry (INHIBIT). Both have an intersection of 45 patients. 75 data sets from patients without biopsy were used. Analysis of nerve conduction studies, treatment, overall disability sum score (ODSS), biopsy outcomes, and diagnosis was performed.

Results

51% of biopsied patients received the diagnosis CIDP (77% fulfilled EFNS/PNS criteria), 21% were not CIDP typical, and 27% were unspecific. Biopsied patients responded less frequently to immunotherapies at time of biopsy than non-biopsied patients (p = 0.003). Immunotherapy was initiated more frequently after biopsy (p < 0.001) and more often with intravenous immunoglobulins (p < 0.0001). 76% of all biopsied patients met the electrophysiological criteria for CIDP. Sensory nerve action potential amplitudes of 0 µV still provide 73% of histological diagnostic value. Histologic signs of degeneration predicted ODSS worsening after 1 year (p = 0.028) but disease severity did not correlate with histological damage severity.

Discussion

The main indication for nerve biopsy was the treatment of refractory cases of autoimmune neuropathies with the therapeutic consequence of treatment initiation or escalation. Sural biopsy also provided prognostic information. Even with extinguished sural SNAP, the biopsy can still have diagnostic value.
Energy availability modulates regional blood flow via estrogen-independent pathways in regularly menstruating young women
Authors: Hutson Mark J. , O’Donnell Emma , McConnell Kyle , Chauntry Aiden J. , Blagrove Richard C.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the impact of short-term low energy availability (LEA) on vascular function in young, regularly menstruating women.

Methods

Participants were 19 women, aged 22.9 ± 4.2 years, with body mass index 18–30 kg·m2. They were divided into two groups and completed two conditions in a crossover design: a 3-day control condition (CON) with an energy availability of 45 kcals·kgFFM−1·day−1 and a 3-day LEA condition of 15 kcals·kgFFM−1 day–1. Assessments were conducted during the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Outcome measures included forearm blood flow (FBF), heart rate, blood pressure, arterial stiffness, resting energy expenditure (REE), metabolic blood markers and body composition.

Results

Significant time-by-condition interactions were found for resting FBF (p = .004), REE (p = .042), triiodothyronine (p = .006), β-hydroxybutyrate (p = .002) and body mass (p < .001). Resting FBF was 1.43 ± 1.01 and 1.31 ± 0.61 (arbitrary units) at pre and post, respectively, in LEA and 1.52 ± 0.7 and 1.76 ± 0.57 at pre and post in CON. The LEA condition led to a decrease in triiodothyronine (pre: 1.54 ± 0.28, post: 1.29 ± 0.27 ng ml−1), REE (pre: 1588 ± 165, post: 1487 ± 160 kcals day−1) and body mass (pre: 61.4 ± 7.5, post: 59.6 ± 7.3 kg). Changes in resting FBF were significantly correlated with changes in REE in the LEA condition (r = 0.53; p = 0.02).

Conclusion

Short-term LEA modifies regional blood flow and this might contribute to the observed decreased in REE. Findings emphasize the need for careful management of energy availability in populations at risk of LEA.
New Algorithms for Steiner Tree Reoptimization
Authors: Bilò Davide
Published: May 2024

Reoptimization is a setting in which we are given a good approximate solution of an optimization problem instance and a local modification that slightly changes the instance. The main goal is that of finding a good approximate solution of the modified instance. We investigate one of the most studied scenarios in reoptimization known as Steiner tree reoptimization. Steiner tree reoptimization is a collection of strongly $$\textsf {NP}$$
NP
-hard optimization problems that are defined on top of the classical Steiner tree problem and for which several constant-factor approximation algorithms have been designed in the last decades. In this paper we improve upon all these results by developing a novel technique that allows us to design polynomial-time approximation schemes. Remarkably, prior to this paper, no approximation algorithm better than recomputing a solution from scratch was known for the elusive scenario in which the cost of a single edge decreases. Our results are best possible since none of the problems addressed in this paper admits a fully polynomial-time approximation scheme, unless $$\textsf {P}=\textsf {NP}$$

P
=
NP