bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MATHEMATICAL AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF SIQR EPIDEMIC MODEL OF MEASLES DISEASE DYNAMICS
Authors: REHMAN MUHAMMAD AZIZ-UR , RANA ANUM FAROOQ , AHMED NAUMAN , RAZA ALI , AL-JOHANI AMNAH S. , MOHAMED ABDULLAH , IQBAL MUHAMMAD SAJID , RAFIQ MUHAMMAD , KHAN ILYAS
Published: April 2022

Measles is a highly transmissible disease in children around the world. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 73% of deaths of children were due to measles in 2018. This study describes the physical solution of the SIQR model for measles spread under the effect of natural delay amongst different compartments. By three different numerical techniques, the efficacies of solutions of the underlying system have been compared and a clear preference of nonstandard finite-difference (NSFD) scheme over the rest has been established. It has also been observed, on principle, that the NSFD formulation recovers all the essential traits of a continuous model namely the boundedness, positivity and stability of equilibriums of populations. The numerical results have also been supported by a very strong classical analysis of the model where the existence of a solution vector in explicit subsets of the function spaces has been guaranteed which leads to optimization of fixed-point methods.
DOUBLE DIFFUSIVE MAGNETO-FREE CONVECTION FLOW OF A MAXWELL FLUID OVER A VERTICAL PLATE: SPECIAL FUNCTIONS BASED ANALYSIS USING LOCAL AND NONLOCAL KERNELS TO HEAT AND MASS FLUX SUBJECT TO EXPONENTIAL HEATING
Authors: RIAZ MUHAMMAD BILAL , REHMAN AZIZ UR , AWREJCEWICZ JAN
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this research is to analyze the general equations of double diffusive magneto-free convection in a rate type fluid presented in non-dimensional form, and apply to a moving heated vertical plate as in the boundary layer flow up, with existence of externally magnetic fields which are either moving or fixed consistent with the plate. Thermal transport phenomenon is discussed in the presence of constant concentration coupled with first-order chemical reaction with exponential heating. An innovative definition in power law (CF) and Mittag-Leffler (ABC) kernels form time fractional operators are implemented to hypothecate the constitutive mass, heat and momentum equations. The results based on special functions are obtained by using the technique of Laplace transformation to tackle the non-dimensional equations for velocity, mass and energy. The contribution of mass, thermal and mechanical components on the dynamics of fluid is presented and discussed independently. An interesting property regarding the behavior of the fluid velocity is found when the movement is observed in the magnetic intensity along with the plate. In that situation, the fluid velocity is not to be zero when it is far and away from the plate. Moreover, the heat transfer aspects, flow dynamics and their credence on the parameters are drawn out by graphical illustrations along with some special cases for the movement of the plate which are also studied.
A REVIEW OF THE MINIATURIZATION OF MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA BASED ON FRACTAL SHAPES
Authors: FROUMSIA DOKROM , YAO SHAO-WEN , JEAN-FRANÇOIS ESSIBEN DIKOUNDOU , ALPHONSE HOUWE , KOLYANG  , INC MUSTAFA
Published: April 2022

Wireless communication has become ubiquitous in almost every sector, both in military and commercial systems. Communicating objects are getting smaller and smaller. Therefore, the antennae which are the fundamental elements of this circuit must meet the requirements of their integrating environment in terms of bandwidth, multiple frequencies, smaller size and affordability. Microstrip patch antenna (MPA), a priori, should have been the preferred candidate, but the narrowness of its bandwidth is a limitation. Therefore, many techniques have been explored including the use of fractal shapes for improving the performance of this type of antenna. Multiform fractal shapes have been used in various works to achieve the results expected in specific cases to effectively meet the requirements of wireless communication. In this paper, we will do an overview by highlighting the various kinds of fractal geometries which have been the most used in recent years by clearly specifying that the options of miniaturization of microstrip antennae by the theories of Sierpinski and Minkowski are ideal methods and therefore, will drive our future work on miniaturized antenna designs.
FORECASTING STOCK MARKET CRASHES VIA REAL-TIME RECESSION PROBABILITIES: A QUANTUM COMPUTING APPROACH
Authors: ALAMINOS DAVID , BELÉN SALAS M. , FERNÁNDEZ-GÁMEZ MANUEL A.
Published: April 2022

A fast and precise prediction of stock market crashes is an important aspect of economic growth, fiscal and monetary systems because it facilitates the government in the application of suitable policies. Many works have examined the behavior of the fall of stock markets and have built models to predict them. Nevertheless, there are limitations to the available research, and the literature calls for more investigation on the topic, as currently the accuracy of the models remains low and they have only been extended for the largest economies. This study provides a comparison of quantum forecast methods and stock market declines and, therefore, a new prediction model of stock market crashes via real-time recession probabilities with the power to accurately estimate future global stock market downturn scenarios is achieved. A 104-country sample has been used, allowing the sample compositions to take into account the regional diversity of the alert warning indicators. To obtain a robust model, several alternative techniques have been employed on the sample under study, being Quantum Boltzmann Machines, which have obtained very good prediction results due to their ability to remember features and develop long-term dependencies from time series and sequential data. Our model has large policy implications for the appropriate macroeconomic policy response to downside risks, offering tools to help achieve financial stability at the international level.
DETERMINISTIC AND STOCHASTIC ANALYSIS OF A COVID-19 SPREAD MODEL
Authors: ZEB ANWAR , ATANGANA ABDON , KHAN ZAREEN A.
Published: April 2022

This paper deals with the global dynamics of deterministic-stochastic COVID-19 mathematical model with quarantine class and incorporating a preventive vaccination. Lyapunov functions are utilized for the global stability of disease free equilibrium point and the graph theoretic method is used for the construction of Lyapunov function for positive equilibrium point. The stability of model is discussed regarding the reproductive number. Utilizing the non-standard finite difference scheme for the numerical solution of the deterministic model, the obtained results are shown graphically. Further, environmental noises are added to the model for description of stochastic model. Then we take out the existence and uniqueness of positive solution with extinction for infection. Finally, we solve numerically the stochastic model using Newton Polynomial scheme and present the results graphically.
GLOBAL STABILITY ANALYSIS AND HOPF BIFURCATION OF A DELAYED REVERSION CLASS SMOKING MODEL
Authors: LI XUHUI , UPADHYAY RANJIT KUMAR , ZEB ANWAR , ZHANG ZIZHEN
Published: April 2022

Smoking poses an enormous threat to public health in the globe and continues to be one of the main cause of health problems. In this paper, a delayed smoking model with reversion class is proposed. Local stability of the smoking equilibrium and Hopf bifurcation is analyzed by taking the time delay as the bifurcation parameter. In particular, global exponential stability is proved by using the linear matrix inequality method. The theoretical results obtained are validated numerically and graphically.
PRICING EUROPEAN TWO-ASSET OPTION USING THE SPECTRAL METHOD WITH SECOND-KIND CHEBYSHEV POLYNOMIALS
Authors: XU XIANHUA , AGHDAM YONES ESMAEELZADE , FARNAM BEHNAZ , JAFARI HOSSEIN , MASETSHABA MANTEPU TSHEPO , ÜNLÜ CANAN
Published: April 2022

The path of the Lévy process can be considered for prices of options such as a Rainbow or Basket option on two assets which leads to a 2D Black–Scholes model. The generalized model of this type of equation can be referred to as a 2D spatial-fractional Black–Scholes equation. The analytical solution of this kind is very complex and difficult and can even be said to be unattainable. For this reason, a numerical method has been proposed to solve it via the collocation method based on the Chebyshev orthogonal basis. Moreover, based on the derivatives in the called model, we approximated the derivative operator by using this type of base. Then we first obtained the temporal discrete form and finally the full-discrete form and turned it into a system of linear equations with the help of Chebyshev base roots.
PREDICTION OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES AND HYPERTENSION BASED ON PREGNANCY EXAMINATION DATA
Authors: LU XINXI , WANG JIKAI , CAI JUNXIA , XING ZHIHUAN , HUANG JIAN
Published: April 2022

Gestational diabetes mellitus and hypertension are two common pregnancy complications, which seriously threaten the life safety of pregnant women and adversely affect the growth and development of the fetus. Therefore, it is of great significance to detect and prevent hypertension and diabetes at an early stage of pregnancy. Each pregnant woman will undergo multiple tests at different gestational weeks. This progress produces lots of pregnancy examination data. These data can reflect the dynamic changes of pregnant women’s health indicators during pregnancy. This study aims to establish gestational diabetes and hypertension prediction model with a machine learning method based on real pregnancy examination data from the hospital. We use Logistic Regression, XGBoost, LightGBM, and Neural Network Model based on LSTM to do the prediction, respectively, and compare the performance. We check the prediction accuracy at different stages of pregnancy. We found that with pregnancy examination data at all gestational weeks, the predictive AUCs for diabetes and hypertension can reach 0.92 and 0.87, respectively. At 16th gestational week, the AUCs are 0.68 for diabetes and 0.70 for hypertension. We extract the checking items which are most important and get a simplified model with a modest reduction in predictive accuracy. This study demonstrates that based on several routine pregnancy examination items we can establish a machine learning model to detect and predict gestational diabetes and hypertension. This can be used as a diagnostic aid and is conducive to early prevention and treatment.
Electrocatalytic Behavior of TiO2/MWCNTs Nanocomposite Decorated on Glassy Carbon Electrode for Individual and Simultaneous Voltammetric Determination of Adenine and Guanine in Real Samples
Authors: Asl Azam Zolfaghari , Rafati Amir Abbas , Khazalpour Sadegh
Published: April 2022

An electrochemical sensor based on titanium dioxide (TiO2) and multi-walled carbon (MWCNTs) nanocomposite was fabricated to simultaneous detection of guanine (GU) and Adenine (AD). Nanocomposite was dispersed in water/ethanol with a certain aspect ratio and drop cast onto a glassy carbon electrode. FT-IR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and EDX methods as well as electrochemical technique, such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were performed to characterize the TiO2−MWCNTs nanocomposite and describe the electrochemical oxidation process. Fabricated sensor shows separate and well-defined peaks for AD and GU, by which one can determine these purine bases individually or simultaneously. Response to GU and AD are linear in the 2.84 to 125 μM concentration range, and the detection limits are 0.97 and 0.4 μM for GU and AD, respectively. The sensor was successfully utilized for the measurement of GU and AD in a diluted human serum sample. The fabricated sensor exhibited high sensitivity, good reproducibility, long-term stability and could be used to quantify of GU and AD in real samples sample successfully
Porous Spinel Magnesium Manganese Oxide/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Composite Synthesized by Electrochemical Conversion as High-Performance Cathode for Aqueous Magnesium Ion Battery
Authors: Zhang Daile , Du Daoguang , Zhang Jianghua , Feng Zhongmin , Sun Ting
Published: April 2022

Aqueous magnesium ion batteries (AMIBs) have attracted great interest due to the low manufacture cost and eco-friendliness, but the lack of suitable cathodes with good electrochemical performance obstructs their development. Here, a composite of spinel magnesium manganese oxide (MgMn2O4) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with a porous structure is synthesized by electrochemical conversion method and used as the cathode for the AMIB, which improves the inherent low conductivity for MgMn2O4 and enhanced its specific capacity. The electrochemical conversion method helps preserve the surface integrity and structure stability of the electrode, and the MWCNTs network provides the pathway of Mg ion migration among the MgMn2O4 particles. The obtained MgMn2O4/MWCNTs displays a discharge capacity of 322.3 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1, and the capacity retention is 81.8% after 2000 iterations at 1000 mA g−1. Further, the MgMn2O4/MWCNTs//VO2 system is assembled, which displays a capacity retention rate of near 100%. The electrochemical mechanism of Mg ion insertion/extraction is investigated though the ex situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. This paper extends synthesis method of the high performance cathode material for AIMB system.
Doubling Micropore of Carbon Skeleton via Regulating Molecular Structure of Carbohydrate for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Hao Jiayu , Wang Yanqiu , Sheng Kuang , Li Wenzhang , Liu Yang , Tian Zhongliang , Yang Yahui , Li Jie
Published: April 2022

Functional carbon materials prepared from biomass-derived carbohydrates have attracted extensive interests due to their low cost and high catalytic potential for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In this work, the pyranose ring, which is the basic repeating unit in lignocellulosic biomass, can be easily converted into micropore-riched carbon skeleton via regulating the side chain C-containing group. In striking contrast to glucopyranose, the simple pyranose ring (xylopyranose) exhibits outstanding nitrogen fixation ability. But higher N content in the carbon skeleton can lead to a decrease in C content, which is detrimental to the graphitization and pore-forming of carbon product. Benefiting from abundant micropore structures (volume increases from 0.22 cm3 g−1 to 0.50 cm3 g−1), the electrochemical surface area of Glu-SSC-950 is much larger than that of Xyl-SSC-950. Concretely, the double layer capacitance of Glu-SSC-950 (14.9 mF cm−2) is more than twice that of Xyl-SSC-950 (6.4 mF cm−2). Furthermore, the Glu-SSC-950 displays a more positive half-wave potential (0.84 V) and higher peak power density of Al-air battery (467.8 mW cm−2) compared with Xyl-SSC-950 (0.76 V and 373.6 mW cm−2). In general, it compensates for the shortcomings of the screening of carbohydrate precursors for preparing ORR carbonaceous electrocatalysts.
Exposure to the heated tobacco product IQOS generates apoptosis-mediated pulmonary emphysema in murine lungs
Authors: Nitta Naoko Arano , Sato Tadashi , Komura Moegi , Yoshikawa Hitomi , Suzuki Yohei , Mitsui Aki , Kuwasaki Eriko , Takahashi Fumiyuki , Kodama Yuzo , Seyama Kuniaki , Takahashi Kazuhisa
Published: April 2022

Pulmonary emphysema is predominantly caused by chronic exposure to cigarette smoke (CS). Novel tobacco substitutes, such as heated tobacco products (HTPs), have emerged as healthier alternatives to cigarettes. IQOS, the most popular HTP in Japan, is advertised as harmless compared with conventional cigarettes. Although some studies have reported its toxicity, few in vivo studies have been conducted. Here, 12-wk-old C57BL6/J male mice were divided into three groups and exposed to air (as control), IQOS aerosol, or CS for 6 mo. After exposure, the weight gain was significantly suppressed in the IQOS and CS groups compared with the control (−4.93 g; IQOS vs. air and −5.504 g; CS vs. air). The serum cotinine level was significantly higher in the IQOS group than in the control group. The neutrophils and lymphocyte count increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the IQOS and CS groups compared with those in the control group. Chronic IQOS exposure induced pulmonary emphysema similar to that observed in the CS group. Furthermore, expression levels of the genes involved in the apoptosis-related pathways were significantly upregulated in the lungs of the IQOS-exposed mice. Cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 were overexpressed in the IQOS group compared with the control. Single-stranded DNA and TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive alveolar septal cell count significantly increased in the IQOS group compared with the control. In conclusion, chronic exposure to IQOS aerosol induces pulmonary emphysema predominantly via apoptosis-related pathways. This suggests that HTPs are not completely safe tobacco products.
Orexin facilitates the ventilatory and behavioral responses of rats to hypoxia
Authors: Spinieli Richard L. , Ben Musa Ruwaida , Cornelius-Green Jennifer , Hasser Eileen M. , Cummings Kevin J.
Published: April 2022

Orexin neurons are sensitive to CO2 and contribute to cardiorespiratory homeostasis as well as sensorimotor control. Whether orexin facilitates respiratory and behavioral responses to acute hypoxia is unclear. We hypothesized that orexin neurons are activated by acute hypoxia and that orexin facilitates the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR), as well as the arterial blood pressure (ABP) and behavioral (movement) responses to acute hypoxia. We further hypothesized that orexin has greater effects in the active phase of the rat circadian cycle, when orexin neurons have high activity. Using whole body plethysmography with EEG, EMG, and the dual-orexin receptor (OxR) antagonist suvorexant (20 mg/kg ip), we determined the effect of OxR blockade on the respiratory, ABP, and behavioral responses of adult rats to acute, graded hypoxia ([Formula: see text]= 0.15, 0.13, 0.11, and 0.09) and hyperoxic hypercapnia ([Formula: see text]= 0.05; [Formula: see text]= 0.95). OxR blockade had no effect on eupnea. OxR blockade significantly reduced the HVR in both inactive and active phases, with a stronger effect in the active phase. OxR blockade reduced the behavioral response to acute hypoxia in the active phase. The central component of the ventilatory and the ABP responses to hypercapnia were reduced by OxR blockade solely in the inactive phase. In the inactive phase, hypoxia activated ∼10% of orexin neurons in the perifornical hypothalamus. These data suggest that orexin neurons participate in the peripheral chemoreflex to facilitate the ventilatory and behavioral responses to acute hypoxia in rats, particularly in the active phase. Orexin also facilitates central chemoreflex responses to CO2 in the inactive phase.
Physiology assays in human kidney organoids
Authors: Freedman Benjamin S.
Published: April 2022

Kidney organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells constitute a novel model of disease, development, and regenerative therapy. Organoids are human, experimentally accessible, high throughput, and enable reconstitution of tissue-scale biology in a petri dish. Although gene expression patterns in organoid cells have been analyzed extensively, less is known about the functionality of these structures. Here, we review assays of physiological function in human kidney organoids, including best practices for quality control, and future applications. Tubular structures in organoids accumulate specific molecules through active transport, including dextran and organic anions, and swell with fluid in response to cAMP stimulation. When engrafted into animal models in vivo, organoids form vascularized glomerulus-like structures capable of size-selective filtration. Organoids exhibit metabolic, endocrine, injury, and infection phenotypes, although their specificity is not yet fully clear. To properly interpret organoid physiology assays, it is important to incorporate appropriate negative and positive controls, statistical methods, data presentation, molecular mechanisms, and clinical data sets. Improvements in organoid perfusion, patterning, and maturation are needed to enable branching morphogenesis, urine production, and renal replacement. Reconstituting renal physiology with kidney organoids is a new field with potential to provide fresh insights into classical phenomena.
Robot Path Planning Using Improved Ant Colony Algorithm in the Environment of Internet of Things
Authors: Huang Hongliu , Tan Guo , Jiang Linli
Published: April 2022

It is a research topic of practical significance to study the path planning technology of mobile robot navigation technology. Aiming at the problems of slow convergence speed, redundant planning path, and easy to fall into local optimal value of ant colony algorithm in a complex environment, a robot path planning based on improved ant colony algorithm is proposed. First, the grid method is used to model the path environment, which marks each grid to make the ant colony move from the initial grid to the target grid for path search. Second, the ant colony is divided according to different planning tasks. Let some ants explore the way first, and carry out basic optimization planning for the map environment. The antecedent ants mark the basic advantage on a target value of the path with pheromone concentration so as to guide the subsequent route-finding operation of the main ant colony. Finally, in order to avoid the individual ants falling into a deadlock state in the early search, the obstacle avoidance factor is increased, the transition probability is improved, and the amount of information on each path is dynamically adjusted according to the local path information, so as to avoid the excessive concentration of pheromones. Experimental results show that the algorithm has high global search ability, significantly speeds up the convergence speed, and can effectively improve the efficiency of mobile robot in path planning.
Concept Refinement, Factor Symbiosis, and Innovation Activity Efficiency Analysis of Innovation Ecosystem
Authors: Chen Wan-Ming , Wang Sheng-Yuan , Wu Xiao-Lan
Published: April 2022

This paper makes a comprehensive description of the innovation ecosystem from three perspectives, the concept refinement of the innovation ecosystem, factor symbiosis, and system efficiency, since the traditional definition of innovation ecosystem is not sufficient to fully describe the innovation ecosystem. With grounded theory for reference, the concept of innovation ecosystem is reconstructed, and it is discovered that the conceptual model of innovation ecosystem is composed of main categories and subcategories. The main category is the innovation population and innovation habitat category in the innovation ecosystem, and the subcategory is the input and output activities of the innovation subjects in the innovation ecosystem. The concept refinement of the innovation ecosystem based on the Chinese scenario reflects the characteristics of the innovation ecosystem in a specific context. It has been found that, under the Chinese scenario, there is an asymmetric symbiotic relationship between populations and habitats in the innovation ecosystem. The input-output total factor productivity of the entire innovation ecosystem is in a state of decline, and this decline in total factor productivity is mainly due to the decline in technological change. China’s innovation ecosystem is an asymmetric symbiosis system that relies on factor inputs. Due to insufficient technological innovation, the total factor productivity of the innovation ecosystem has declined.
Experimental Investigation on the Effects of Exhaust Emission Reduction in a Single Cylinder CI Engine Fuelled with Diesel and Diesel Plastic Pyrolysis Oil with Zeolite Nanomaterials
Authors: Jacob S. , Karikalan L. , Bhowmick Anirudh
Published: April 2022

The steady-state activity of zeolite 4A and 5A has been investigated experimentally for nitrous oxide and other emission gases in highly oxidizing conditions, typical for lean-burn engine exhaust. Zeolite has been characterized by XRD and FTIR. The CAD model is designed which shows the layout and basic mounting points of the catalytic converter on the Kirloskar TVI engine. Zeolite 4A and 5A substrate has been made using simple molding techniques, further heating it in an electric heater at 650°C for 6 hours. Several fuels such as plastic pyrolysis oil and diesel oil have been used to investigate the effect of NO on zeolite 4A and 5A substrate. The NO conversion has been found to be decreased by 40% using plastic pyrolysis oil. The zeolite powder has been added with 8% of bentonite clay and 5% of carboxymethyl cellulose powder, and 34% distilled water was stirred constantly to form like molding sand. The applied torque was monitored during stirring, signifying even mixing. The mixture has been kept in the prearranged mold design, and uniform pressure has been applied to guarantee no air holes in the shape. The hole pattern has been made using SOLIDWORKS and has been printed to get reliable openings (10 mm) with the assistance of wooden bars; the prearranged mold has been dried for 92 h in the immediate daylight; thereafter, dry pipes have been taken out from the mold. The subsequent form has been kept in the furnace at first at 150°C. Carboxymethyl cellulose is utilized as a fastener which assists with shaping the mold since it has great binding properties. Significant NOx reduction of 45~50% using zeolite 5A and 27~30% using zeolite 4A mold structure with diesel fuel was observed. Reduction of 35~40% using zeolite 5A and 13~16% using zeolite 4A mold structure with

PPO
+
diesel
 
fuel

was observed.
A Triple-Band Microstrip Antenna with a Monopole Impedance Converter for WLAN and 5G Applications
Authors: Zhuang Huawei , Li Fei , Ding Wei , Tan Honghao , Zhuang Junjie , Liu Changyong , Tian Changbin , Wang Shiquan , Kong Fanmin , Li Kang
Published: April 2022

In this study, a triple-band microstrip antenna with compact size and simple structure is proposed for WLAN and 5G applications. The radiating element consists of a circular patch, a Y-shaped patch, and a monopole impedance converter. In order to obtain the desired operating bands, the monopole impedance converter is inserted between the circular patch and Y-shaped patch. The proposed antenna can work in the frequency range of 2.38∼2.53 GHz, 3.29∼4.11 GHz, and 4.72∼5.01 GHz, with the corresponding peak gains of 4.09 dBi (2.4 GHz), 2.95 dBi (3.5 GHz), and 4.01 dBi (4.9 GHz), respectively. The measures’ results are in approximate agreement with the simulated values, which shows that the proposed compact antenna can offer omnidirectional radiation, appropriate gains, and sufficient bandwidths.
Preventive Effect of Hippocampal Sparing on Cognitive Dysfunction of Patients Undergoing Whole‐Brain Radiotherapy and Imaging Assessment of Hippocampal Volume Changes
Authors: Shang Weijie , Yao Hongmin , Sun Ying , Mu Anna , Zhu Li , Li Xia
Published: April 2022

Objective. Preventive effect of hippocampal sparing on cognitive dysfunction of patients undergoing whole‐brain radiotherapy and imaging assessment of hippocampal volume changes. Methods. Forty patients with brain metastases who attended Liaoning Cancer Hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 were identified as research subjects and were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group, with 20 cases in each group. The control group was treated with whole‐brain radiotherapy (WBRT), and the experimental group was treated with hippocampal sparing‐WBRT (HS‐WBRT). The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score, cancer quality‐of‐life questionnaire (QLQ‐C3O) score, hippocampal volume changes, and prognosis of the two groups were compared. Results. The MoCA scores decreased in both groups at 3, 6, and 12 months after radiotherapy, with significantly higher scores in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.05). After radiotherapy, both groups had lower ECOG scores, with those in the experimental group being significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). After radiotherapy, the QLQ‐C30 score was elevated in both groups, and that of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The experimental group outperformed the control group in terms of the prognosis (P < 0.05). The hippocampal volume of the control group was significantly smaller than that of the experimental group (P < 0.05). Conclusion. The application of hippocampal sparing in patients receiving whole‐brain radiotherapy is effective in preventing cognitive dysfunction, improving the quality of life and prognosis of patients, and avoiding shrinkage of hippocampal volume.
Research on Innovation Ecosystem of Dairy Industry Cluster Based on Machine Learning and Improved Neural Network
Authors: Hui Yang , Jiao Yanni , Cui Can , Ma Ke
Published: April 2022

With the rapid development of global economy, the industrial cluster has become the new trend of world economic development. So far, the industrial cluster mode with space as the main division has been formed. The cooperation of industrial clusters is dynamic. The industries in the cluster cooperate with each other for mutual benefit and win-win, occupying a place in the fierce market competition. In addition, the industrial cluster is also conducive to strengthen the international economic division of labor and points out the direction of regional industrial transfer. China is now in a critical period of economic development; the industrial cluster plays an important role in China's industrial transformation and economic development. At present, the most common regional development mode in China is industrial cluster. The emergence of industrial cluster accelerates the development of industrial regional economy and the balance of industrial layout. Industrial clusters occupy a key position in China's economic industry chain, and the development and change in industrial clusters will directly affect the development of the entire industrial chain. This study first simulates the evolution path of industrial cluster and then establishes the relevant data model. Finally, through repast simulation, it puts forward conclusions and suggestions according to the verification results. The construction of dynamic model can realize the simulation of industrial cluster theory. According to the simulation results, we can find that the ecosystem in different stages will produce different characteristics; the formation and evolution of industrial clusters are actually the epitome of market development. In this process, the government guidance and market regulation are needed to accelerate the formation of industrial cluster ecosystem and increase the scale of industrial cluster.
An External Selection Mechanism for Differential Evolution Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Haigang , Wang Da
Published: April 2022

The procedures of differential evolution algorithm can be summarized as population initialization, mutation, crossover, and selection. However, successful solutions generated by each iteration have not been fully utilized to our best knowledge. In this study, an external selection mechanism (ESM) is presented to improve differential evolution (DE) algorithm performance. The proposed method stores successful solutions of each iteration into an archive. When the individual is in a state of stagnation, the parents for mutation operation are selected from the archive to restore the algorithm’s search. Most significant of all, a crowding entropy diversity measurement in fitness landscape is proposed, cooperated with fitness rank, to preserve the diversity and superiority of the archive. The ESM can be integrated into existing algorithms to improve the algorithm’s ability to escape the situation of stagnation. CEC2017 benchmark functions are used for verification of the proposed mechanism’s performance. Experimental results show that the ESM is universal, which can improve the accuracy of DE and its variant algorithms simultaneously.
Leveraging Data Mining Technique to Enhancing Online Education and Its Efficiency Study
Authors: Zhao Xiaoli
Published: April 2022

The previously conducted assessment of university education facilitated an evaluation model depending on small-scale data mining. A cloud-platform-based data mining algorithm was constructed for university education informatization to handle. Hence, we established an evaluation index system, integrated the global evaluation perspective, and subsequently obtained the three-dimensional structure of the evaluation index. The criterion was calculated by the postmining probability of the data, which was further leveraged to score each index in the evaluation system, and finally, the original index data matrix was constructed. Afterward, the membership degree vector of the index was calculated concerning which type of benefit of education informatization is evaluated. We investigated the online university education mechanism based on educational data mining. According to the computer-aided learning platform, we collected information and data related to the situation and resource browsing of students on the platform. We preprocessed these H log data. Then, the statistics of the students’ login information and resource browsing were collected. Hence, we analyzed the influencing factors through the decision tree that enabled instructors to effectively grasp the students’ learning conditions based on the mining results. The above integration of teaching content and the construction of a teaching model could substantially improve the quality of online learning. Experimental results showed that our data-mining-based evaluation model exhibited a much higher accuracy when the university evaluation was compared with the conventional model. This observation claimed that the university education evaluation by leveraging bulk data was quite useful. Besides, the cost consumption of the proposed method was superior to its competitors.
Deep Learning Enabled Diagnosis of Children’s ADHD Based on the Big Data of Video Screen Long-Range EEG
Authors: Zhou Dingfu , Liao Zhihang , Chen Rong
Published: April 2022

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children. At the same time, ADHD is prone to coexist with other mental disorders, so the diagnosis of ADHD in children is very important. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is the sum of the electrical activity of local neurons recorded from the extracranial scalp or intracranial. At present, there are two main methods of long-range EEG monitoring commonly used in clinical practice: one is ambulatory EEG monitoring, and the other is long-range video EEG monitoring. The purpose of this study is to summarize the brain electrical activity and clinical characteristics of children with ADHD through the video long-range computer graphics data of children with ADHD and to explore the clinical significance of video long-range EEG in the diagnosis of children with ADHD. For a more effective analysis, this study further processed the video data of long-range computer graphics of children with ADHD and constructed several neural network algorithm models based on deep learning, mainly including fully connected neural network models and two-dimensional convolutional neural networks. Model and long- and short-term memory neural network model. By comparing the recognition effects of these several algorithms, find the appropriate recognition algorithm to improve the accuracy and then establish a recognition method for the diagnosis of children’s ADHD based on deep learning long-range EEG big data. Finally, it is concluded that long-term video EEG can analyze the EEG relationship of children with ADHD and provide a diagnostic basis for the diagnosis of ADHD.
Delay-Driven Opportunistic Routing with Multichannel Cooperative Neighbor Discovery for Industry 4.0 Wireless Networks Based on Power and Load Awareness
Authors: Pai H. Aditya , Almuzaini Khalid K. , Ali Liaqat , Javeed Ashir , Pant Bhasker , Pareek Piyush Kumar , Akwafo Reynah
Published: April 2022

During data transmission, a decentralised Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) might result in high Energy Consumption (EC) and a short Network Lifetime (NLife). To address these difficulties, an on-demand Power and Load-Aware multipath node-disjoint source routing is presented based on the Enhanced Opportunistic Routing (PLAEOR) protocol. This unique protocol aims at using power, load, and latency to manage routing costs depending on control packet flooding from the destination node. However, the exchange of control packets from the target to all nodes may impact network efficiency. As a result, the PLAEOR is designed with a Multichannel Cooperative Neighbor Discovery (MCND) protocol to locate the nearby cooperative nodes for each node in the routing path during control packet transmission. Furthermore, when the packet rate of CBR is 20 packets/sec, the simulated results show that the PLAEOR-MCND achieves 120 sec of NLife and 20 J of EC than the state-of-the-art protocols.
Research on Natural Foundation Bearing Capacity and Foundation Pit Settlement of Prefabricated Utility Tunnel
Authors: Wang Zengshan , Wang Yanying , Huang Weike , Shan Hongwei , Zhu Li
Published: April 2022

Prefabricated assembled integrated pipe corridor has the significant advantages of fast assembly, controlled quality of factory prefabricated forming, short construction period, energy saving and environmental protection compared with on‐site casting. In this paper, a shallow plate load field test was carried out to test the bearing capacity of the natural foundation of the assembled pipe corridor and a numerical simulation analysis of the settlement of the substrate was carried out in combination with the typical local soft soil geological conditions, using the JXSG‐6 beam making site in Gu'an South of the Beijing‐Xiong Intercity Railway in Xiong’an New Area as the test site. The results of the study show that: during the vertical loading to 320 kPa, the overall displacement settlement of the foundation soil of each experimental group is small, mainly elastic deformation, and the final settlement of each test group is 6.68 mm, 10.89 mm and 5.38 mm respectively, with no cracks and no damage to the foundation soil. According to the calculation of the straight line section of the load settlement data, the average value of the foundation soil bearing capacity deformation modulus is 43.1 MPa, and the average value of the foundation stiffness of the 0.8 m diameter circular bearing plate is 78.2 MPa/m, which can provide a parameter basis for the structural design of the pipe corridor and the subsequent superstructure test calculation. However, due to the large stiffness difference between the structure of the pipe gallery and the soil, the soil settlement deformation process and the pipe gallery relative displacement, the shear effect on both sides of the pipe gallery; differential settlement under the influence of the local surface of the pipe gallery may occur tensile damage, the maximum displacement concentrated on both sides of the pit reached 0.6 mm, in the acceptable range. Therefore, the lower base of the pipe corridor has good bearing capacity and can meet the construction requirements of the installation stage of the integrated pipe corridor sections.
Fuzzy Set Theoretic Approach to Generalized Ideals in BCK/BCI-Algebras
Authors: Muhiuddin G. , Alam N. , Obeidat S. , Khan N. M. , Zaidi H. N. , Kirmani S. A. K. , Altaleb A. , Aqib J. M.
Published: April 2022

This paper deals with the study of generalizations of fuzzy subalgebras and fuzzy ideals in BCK/BCI-algebras. In fact, the notions of

∈

,

∈

∨

κ
~

∗

,

q

κ
~

-fuzzy subalgebras,

∈

,

∈

∨

κ
~

∗

,

q

κ
~

-fuzzy ideals, and

∈

∨

κ
~

∗

,

q

κ
~

,

∈

∨

κ
~

∗

,

q

κ
~

-fuzzy ideals in BCK/BCI-algebras are introduced. Some examples are provided to demonstrate the logic of the concepts used in this paper. Moreover, some characterizations of these notions are discussed. In addition, the concept of

∈

,

∈

∨

κ
~

∗

,

q

κ
~

-fuzzy commutative ideals is introduced, and several significant characteristics are discussed. It is shown that for a BCK-algebra

A

, every

∈

,

∈

∨

κ
~

∗

,

q

κ
~

-commutative ideal of a BCK-algebra is an

∈

,

∈

∨

κ
~

∗

,

q

κ
~

-fuzzy ideal, but the converse does not hold in general; a counter example is constructed.
The Involvement of WDHD1 in the Occurrence of Esophageal Cancer as a Downstream Target of PI3K/AKT Pathway
Authors: Xian Qingying , Zhu Danxia
Published: April 2022

Esophageal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, which is characterized by high incidence, strong invasiveness, high mortality, and poor prognosis. At present, the therapies include surgery, endoscopic resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. The five-year survival rate of esophageal cancer has not been significantly improved, although the medical level has been continuously improved and the management and application of different therapies have been improved day by day. At present, an abnormal gene expression is still regarded as an important factor in the occurrence and development of esophageal cancer. WD repeat and HMG-box DNA binding protein 1(WDHD1), as a key gene, plays an important role in the occurrence of esophageal cancer. It is known that the protein encoded by WDHD1 is the downstream target of the PI3K/AKT pathway. When PI3Ks is activated by extracellular signals, PI(4,5)P2 on the inner side of the plasma membrane will be converted into PI(3,4,5)P3. Then, PI(3,4,5)P3 can be converted into PI(3,4)P2,PI(4)P and PI(3)P by dephosphorylation of some regulatory factors. PI(3,4,5)P3 recruited AKT to the plasma membrane and combined with its pH domain, resulting in conformational change of AKT. Subsequently, AKT was completely activated by PDK1 and PDK2 and begins to move to the cytoplasm and nucleus. In this process, AKT continuously phosphorylates downstream substrates. WDHD1, as a downstream target of AKT, is also phosphorylated and induces DNA replication. Besides the abnormal regulation of cells by other downstream targets of AKT, it also becomes a potential pathway that may eventually lead to the occurrence of esophageal cancer.
Photoabsorption Enhancement in Synthetic-Natural Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Using Bilayer TiO2 Deposition and Separated Sensitization
Authors: Nakhaei Roohollah , Razeghizadeh Alireza , Shabani Pejman , Ganji Jabbar , Tabatabaee Seyed Sajjad
Published: April 2022

In this study, a new methodology is proposed for the cosensitization of dye-sensitized solar cells by synthetic and natural dyes to increase their optical absorption. Synthetic dyes are efficient but expensive. In contrast, natural dyes are cheap but have a low adsorption rate in competition with synthetic dyes. Therefore, the conventional cosensitization method which is based on dye mixing prevents complete adsorption of natural dyes. In this work, a bilayer deposition of TiO2 and separated sensitization of each layer by one type of dye was performed. The N719 was used as a synthetic dye and betanin, crocin, acacetin, and indigo were used as natural dyes, which are extracted from plants inexpensively. The dyes were evaluated by UV-visible and FT-IR analyses. The results showed that a broad spectrum can be achieved due to different peaks in the photoabsorption spectra of these dyes. The bottom layer was sensitized by natural dyes while the top layer was sensitized by N719. Due to the effect of temperature on dyes, a low-temperature method based on acid-assistant sintering has been used for the top layer. The results of XRD and FESEM analyses indicated that a layer with proper crystalline phase, acceptable morphology, and good porosity can be achieved in the low-temperature process by tunning the acid concentration. The electrical properties of the fabricated solar cells were investigated by EIS analysis and J-V characteristics. The results showed that charge injection and transportation were improved via the ability of the proposed approach in separated dye adsorption. An efficiency of 3.48% was provided by the proposed method which demonstrates its better performance in comparison with the cocktail and sequential methods that showed efficiencies of 1.88% and 2.29%, respectively. The results indicated that separated sensitization of each layer can improve the dye loading leading to spectral expansion.
Construction of a Joint Prediction Model for the Occurrence of Ischemic Stroke and Acute Myocardial Infarction Based on Bioinformatic Analysis
Authors: Ma Zhaolei , Chu Lan , Liu Chun-Feng , Liu Wupeng , Wei Jing
Published: April 2022

Ischemic stroke (IS) has imposed significant threat to both middle-aged and elderly people worldwide. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a rare but serious complication following IS, which can further increase patient disability and mortality rates. With the development of intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular treatment, the prognosis of IS has been greatly improved. However, the pathogenesis of IS complicated with AMI is still unclear. To fill this gap, this work uses bioinformatic analysis, where IS and AMI datasets were combined for differential gene analysis, and then, a ROC prediction model for target gene analysis was constructed. It is found that OSM gene has the highest prediction accuracy (

AUC
=
0.793

), followed by IL6ST, IL6, JAK1, IL6R, and JAK2 genes. Joint prediction model showed higher accuracy in predicting the outcome of control and case (

AUC
=
0.918

). The etiology of ischemic stroke and acute myocardial infarction is complicated. Their cooccurring pathological mechanisms and the conversion between the two diseases could not be explained by a single gene. Therefore, the joint prediction model in this work can provide a better prediction accuracy for research purpose.
Mechanical Behavior and Microstructural Study of Biocemented Sand under Various Treatment Methods
Authors: Gao Xuecheng , Han Shaokang , Yang Yang , Zhang Wengang , Zou Tan , Cheng Liang
Published: April 2022

Biocementation mainly relies on the formation of calcium carbonate to bind soil particles. This paper investigates the effectiveness of biocementation in terms of treatment methods. The previously established two-phase methods are compared with newly developed one-phase-low-pH methods on their mechanical behavior and microstructure. The one-phase-low-pH methods present a higher urease fixation rate than two-phase methods, highlighting the cost-effectiveness of this method. A modified one-phase-low-pH using CH3COOH is also compared with HCl-based one-phase-low-pH method. The results show that the morphology and size of precipitated crystals have a great influence on strength development. An optimized treatment method based on the one-phase-low-pH method is also established, which is accomplished via the injection of 5 U/ml of bacterial culture together with 2 M of cementation solution during each treatment. After four times of treatments, a total of 7% cumulative calcium carbonate content can be obtained with an unconfined compressive strength of 2.15 MPa.