bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Cross-Sectional Validation of Horos and CoreSlicer Software Programs for Body Composition Analysis in Abdominal Computed Tomography Scans in Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Jiménez-Sánchez Andrés , Soriano-Redondo María Elisa , Pereira-Cunill José Luis , Martínez-Ortega Antonio Jesús , Rodríguez-Mowbray José Ramón , Ramallo-Solís Irene María , García-Luna Pedro Pablo
Published: August 2024

Background: Body composition assessment using computed tomography (CT) scans may be hampered by software costs. To facilitate its implementation in resource-limited settings, two open-source segmentation programs (Horos and CoreSlicer) were transversally validated in colorectal cancer patients. Methods: Contrast-enhanced abdominal CT scans were analyzed following the Alberta protocol. The Cross-Sectional Area (CSA) and intensities of skeletal muscle tissue (MT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) were measured. The Skeletal Muscle Index (SMI) was calculated. Cutoff points were applied to the SMI, MT intensity, and VAT CSA to define muscle atrophy, myosteatosis, and abdominal obesity. The inter-software agreement was evaluated using different statistical tools. Results: A total of 68 participants were measured. The MT CSA and SMI displayed no differences. The MT CSA agreement was excellent, and both programs provided equal muscle atrophy prevalences. CoreSlicer underestimated the MT intensity, with a non-significant myosteatosis prevalence increase (+5.88% and +8.82%) using two different operative definitions. CoreSlicer overestimated the CSA and intensity in both VAT and SAT, with a non-significant increase (+2.94%) in the abdominal obesity prevalence. Conclusions: Both software programs were feasible tools in the study group. The MT CSA showed great inter-software agreement and no muscle atrophy misdiagnosis. Segmentation differences in the MT intensity and VAT CSA caused limited diagnostic misclassification in the study sample.
Enhancing Veress Needle Entry with Proximal Vibroacoustic Sensing for Automatic Identification of Peritoneum Puncture
Authors: Spiller Moritz , Esmaeili Nazila , Sühn Thomas , Boese Axel , Turial Salmai , Gumbs Andrew A. , Croner Roland , Friebe Michael , Illanes Alfredo
Published: August 2024

Laparoscopic access, a critical yet challenging step in surgical procedures, often leads to complications. Existing systems, such as improved Veress needles and optical trocars, offer limited safety benefits but come with elevated costs. In this study, a prototype of a novel technology for guiding needle interventions based on vibroacoustic signals is evaluated in porcine cadavers. The prototype consistently detected successful abdominal cavity entry in 100% of cases during 193 insertions across eight porcine cadavers. The high signal quality allowed for the precise identification of all Veress needle insertion phases, including peritoneum puncture. The findings suggest that this vibroacoustic-based guidance technology could enhance surgeons’ situational awareness and provide valuable support during laparoscopic access. Unlike existing solutions, this technology does not require sensing elements in the instrument’s tip and remains compatible with medical instruments from various manufacturers.
Optimizing Contact Network Topological Parameters of Urban Populations Using the Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Sergio Abimael R. , Schimit Pedro H. T.
Published: August 2024

This paper explores the application of complex network models and genetic algorithms in epidemiological modeling. By considering the small-world and Barabási–Albert network models, we aim to replicate the dynamics of disease spread in urban environments. This study emphasizes the importance of accurately mapping individual contacts and social networks to forecast disease progression. Using a genetic algorithm, we estimate the input parameters for network construction, thereby simulating disease transmission within these networks. Our results demonstrate the networks’ resemblance to real social interactions, highlighting their potential in predicting disease spread. This study underscores the significance of complex network models and genetic algorithms in understanding and managing public health crises.
Assessment of Fractal Synchronization during an Epileptic Seizure
Authors: Gorshkov Oleg , Ombao Hernando
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we define fractal synchronization (FS) based on the idea of stochastic synchronization and propose a mathematical apparatus for estimating FS. One major advantage of our proposed approach is that fractal synchronization makes it possible to estimate the aggregate strength of the connection on multiple time scales between two projections of the attractor, which are time series with a fractal structure. We believe that one of the promising uses of FS is the assessment of the interdependence of encephalograms. To demonstrate this approach in evaluating the cross-dependence between channels in a network of electroencephalograms, we evaluated the FS of encephalograms during an epileptic seizure. Fractal synchronization demonstrates the presence of desynchronization during an epileptic seizure.
A Higher Performance Data Backup Scheme Based on Multi-Factor Authentication
Authors: Wu Lingfeng , Wen Yunhua , Yi Jinghai
Published: August 2024

Remote data backup technology avoids the risk of data loss and tampering, and has higher security compared to local data backup solutions. However, the data transmission channel for remote data backup is not secure, and the backup server cannot be fully trusted, so users usually encrypt the data before uploading it to the remote server. As a result, how to protect this encryption key is crucial. We design a User-Centric Design (UCD) data backup scheme based on multi-factor authentication to protect this encryption key. Our scheme utilizes a secret sharing scheme to divide the encryption key into three parts, which are stored in the laptop, the smart card, and the server. The encryption key can be easily reconstructed from any two parts with user’s private information password, identity and biometrics. As long as the biometrics has enough entropy, our scheme can resist replay attacks, impersonation user attacks, impersonation server attacks, malicious servers and offline password guessing attacks.
Elementary Teacher Candidates’ Views of Children’s Literature on Climate Change
Authors: Lammert Catherine
Published: August 2024

In today’s elementary classrooms, students face an uncertain future, standing to inherit a world characterized by environmental unsustainability. Therefore, elementary teachers must educate their students on anthropogenic climate change to increase the likelihood that future generations will mitigate its risks. This article documents the perspectives on children’s literature depicting climate change held by 27 Teacher Candidates in a conservative, oil-producing region of a U.S. state. The results show a low likelihood of participants self-censoring the topic of climate change compared with other frequently censored topics (i.e., gender, sexuality, and race). However, they report accepting others’ views on climate change even when those views contradict settled climate science. This implies a need for more directed preparation for elementary teachers to actively negotiate with their students to ensure they develop research-aligned perspectives on climate change.
Evaluating the Impact of the Language Mindset Toolkit among Thai Undergraduate Students
Authors: Wilang Jeffrey Dawala
Published: August 2024

This study reports the impact of a language mindset toolkit in influencing the language mindsets of Thai undergraduate students. An explanatory sequential mixed method design was used to determine how language mindset changes and know the students’ language learning insights through a focused mindset intervention. Data from 67 students chosen from convenience sampling completed language mindset surveys, journal entries, and semi-structured interviews were analyzed. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the survey data, while thematic and content analyses were utilized for journal entries and interview data. Key findings revealed a notable shift from a fixed to a growth mindset, particularly in language learning abilities. While mindsets related to intelligence and age sensitivity remained relatively stable, there was a marked change in participants’ belief in the malleability of their language learning abilities, underpinned by the principles of effort and persistence. Thematic analysis of journals supports these findings, with themes such as knowing about language mindset in learning, putting effort into language learning, setting goals in language learning, using strategies in language learning, and regulating emotions in language learning. Meanwhile, the content analysis of individual interviews revealed insights such as appreciating self, motivating self in language learning, and gaining self-efficacy. Growth mindset-oriented interventions could transform the students’ beliefs in language learning.
StarCAN-PFD: An Efficient and Simplified Multi-Scale Feature Detection Network for Small Objects in Complex Scenarios
Authors: Chai Zongxuan , Zheng Tingting , Lu Feixiang
Published: August 2024

Small object detection in traffic sign applications often faces challenges like complex backgrounds, blurry samples, and multi-scale variations. Existing solutions tend to complicate the algorithms. In this study, we designed an efficient and simple algorithm network called StarCAN-PFD, based on the single-stage YOLOv8 framework, to accurately recognize small objects in complex scenarios. We proposed the StarCAN feature extraction network, which was enhanced with the Context Anchor Attention (CAA). We designed the Pyramid Focus and Diffusion Network (PFDNet) to address multi-scale information loss and developed the Detail-Enhanced Conv Shared Detect (DESDetect) module to improve the recognition of complex samples while keeping the network lightweight. Experiments on the CCTSDB dataset validated the effectiveness of each module. Compared to YOLOv8, our algorithm improved mAP@0.5 by 4%, reduced the model size to less than half, and demonstrated better performance on different traffic sign datasets. It excels at detecting small traffic sign targets in complex scenes, including challenging samples such as blurry, low-light night, occluded, and overexposed conditions, showcasing strong generalization ability.
Bidirectional Efficient Attention Parallel Network for Segmentation of 3D Medical Imaging
Authors: Wang Dongsheng , Xv Tiezhen , Liu Jiehui , Li Jianshen , Yang Lijie , Guo Jinxi
Published: August 2024

Currently, although semi-supervised image segmentation has achieved significant success in many aspects, further improvement in segmentation accuracy is necessary for practical applications. Additionally, there are fewer networks specifically designed for segmenting 3D images compared to those for 2D images, and their performance is notably inferior. To enhance the efficiency of network training, various attention mechanisms have been integrated into network models. However, these networks have not effectively extracted all the useful spatial or channel information. Particularly for 3D medical images, which contain rich spatial and channel information with tightly interconnected relationships between them, there remains a wealth of spatial and channel-specific information waiting to be explored and utilized. This paper proposes a bidirectional and efficient attention parallel network (BEAP-Net). Specifically, we introduce two modules: Supreme Channel Attention (SCA) and Parallel Spatial Attention (PSA). These modules aim to extract more spatial and channel-specific feature information and effectively utilize it. We combine the principles of consistency training and entropy regularization to enable mutual learning among sub-models. We evaluate the proposed BEAP-Net on two public 3D medical datasets, LA and Pancreas. The network outperforms the current state of the art in eight algorithms and is better suited for 3D medical images. It achieves the new best semi-supervised segmentation performance on the LA database. Ablation studies further validate the effectiveness of each component of the proposed model. Moreover, the SCA and PSA modules proposed can be seamlessly integrated into other 3D medical image segmentation networks to yield significant performance gains.
GAN-Based High-Quality Face-Swapping Composite Network
Authors: Man Qiaoyue , Cho Young-Im , Gee Seok-Jeong , Kim Woo-Je , Jang Kyoung-Ae
Published: August 2024

Face swapping or face replacement is a challenging task that involves transferring a source face to a target face while maintaining the target’s facial motion and expression. Although many studies have made a lot of encouraging progress, we have noticed that most of the current solutions have the problem of blurred images, abnormal features, and unnatural pictures after face swapping. To solve these problems, in this paper, we proposed a composite face-swapping generation network, which includes a face extraction module and a feature fusion generation module. This model retains the original facial expression features, as well as the background and lighting of the image while performing face swapping, making the image more realistic and natural. Compared with other excellent models, our model is more robust in terms of face identity, posture verification, and image quality.
Frequency Shift in Microwave Circuits Manufactured with Circuit Board Plotters: Case Study of a Parallel Coupled Lines Filter
Authors: Ferro Luigi , Cardillo Emanuele
Published: August 2024

Board milling is one of the most widespread methods for manufacturing printed circuit boards from low frequencies to the microwave and millimeter wave range. In this contribution, the detrimental effect of defects typical of printed circuit board plotters has been investigated. In detail, a systematic frequency shift in the circuit performance has been observed both in terms of S21 and S11 parameters. The performance degradation has been analyzed and attributed to the inaccurate milling depth, which is typical of many plotters, particularly for less recent models. After the conductor removal step, the unwanted milling of dielectric material changes the electrical properties of the microstrip structure, in turn affecting the circuit performance. This circumstance has been investigated by means of electromagnetic simulations performed on the real case study of a parallel coupled lines filter. Therefore, a filter prototype has been realized and measured to confirm the simulated results. This study can be beneficial to those professionals involved in the design and realization of microwave and millimeter waves circuits with board milling machines.
Study of a Numerical Integral Interpolation Method for Electromagnetic Transient Simulations
Authors: Sun Kaiyuan , Chen Kun , Cen Haifeng , Tan Fucheng , Ye Xiaohui
Published: August 2024

In the fixed time-step electromagnetic transient (EMT)-type program, an interpolation process is applied to deal with switching events. The interpolation method frequently reduces the algorithm’s accuracy when dealing with power electronics. In this study, we use the Butcher tableau to analyze the defects of linear interpolation. Then, based on the theories of Runge–Kutta integration, we propose two three-stage diagonally implicit Runge–Kutta (3S-DIRK) algorithms combined with the trapezoidal rule (TR) and backward Euler (BE), respectively, with TR-3S-DIRK and BE2-3S-DIRK for the interpolation and synchronization processes. The proposed numerical integral interpolation scheme has second-order accuracy and does not produce spurious oscillations due to the size change in the time step. The proposed method is compared with the critical damping adjustment method (CDA) and the trapezoidal method, showing that it does not produce spurious numerical oscillations or first-order errors.
Textile-Integrated Conductive Layers for Flexible Semiconductor-Based Photovoltaic Structures
Authors: Czarnecki Przemysław , Szudziel Bartosz , Janczak Daniel , Ruta Łukasz , Sibiński Maciej , Znajdek Katarzyna
Published: August 2024

This paper presents the results of research on conductive layers dedicated to flexible photovoltaic cells based on semiconductors integrated with a textile substrate. The presented work is part of a broader project aimed at producing flexible solar cells based on the CdTe semiconductor component and manufactured directly on textiles. The research focuses on the selection of textile substrates and contact materials, as well as the methods of their application. This study compares three types of fabrics (basalt, glass, and silicone fibers) and three metals (copper, molybdenum, and silver), evaluating their mechanical and electrical properties. During the experiments, flexible metallic layers with a thickness ranging from 160 to 415 nm were obtained. Preliminary experiments indicated that metallic layers deposited directly on textiles do not provide adequate conductivity, reaching the levels of several hundred Ω/sq and necessitating the introduction of intermediate layers, such as screen-printed graphite. The results show that molybdenum layers on basalt fabrics exhibit the lowest increase in resistance after dynamic bending tests. The obtained relative resistance changes in Mo layers varied from 50% to as low as 5% after a complete set of 200 bending cycles. This article also discusses current challenges and future research directions in the field of textile-integrated photovoltaics, emphasizing the importance of further technological development to improve the energy efficiency and durability of such solutions.
Discovering the Properties of a Problem of Scheduling Battery Charging Jobs to Minimize the Total Time with the Use of Harmonic Numbers
Authors: Różycki Rafał , Walczak Zofia , Waligóra Grzegorz
Published: August 2024

In this work, we consider a problem from the field of power-aware scheduling in which a fleet of electric vehicles have to be charged in a minimum time. Each vehicle is equipped with a lithium-ion battery of a given capacity. The initial power used for charging each battery is known, whereas it is assumed that the power drops to zero at the moment when the battery gets fully loaded. The power usage function is linear and decreasing. The charging jobs are nonpreemptable and independent, whereas the total available amount of power is limited. The objective is to minimize the schedule length. In this paper, we analyze the case of a problem with identical jobs that already cover a wide variety of practical situations. By employing inverses of natural numbers, similar to harmonic series, we prove two properties of this case, and we also discuss the phenomenon of the stabilization of the difference between the start times of two successive jobs in a schedule. We also take under examination a few special cases of the problem. Some conclusions and directions for future research are given.
The Influence of Cyclic Loading on the Mechanical Properties of Well Cement
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Yuan Zhongtao , Ye Sutao , Li Yang , Yang Lvchao , Pang Xueyu , Lv Kaihe , Sun Jinsheng
Published: August 2024

The cyclic loading generated by injection and production operations in underground gas storage facilities can lead to fatigue damage to cement sheaths and compromise the integrity of wellbores. To investigate the influence of cyclic loading on the fatigue damage of well cement, uniaxial and triaxial loading tests were conducted at different temperatures, with maximum cyclic loading intensity ranging from 60% to 90% of the ultimate strength. Test results indicate that the compressive strength and elastic modulus of well cement subjected to monotonic loading under high-temperature and high-pressure (HTHP) testing conditions were 14–21% lower than those obtained under ambient testing conditions. The stress–strain curve exhibits stress–strain hysteresis loops during cyclic loading tests, and the plastic deformation capacity is enhanced at HTHP conditions. Notably, a higher intensity of cyclic loading results in more significant plastic strain in oil-well cement, leading to the conversion of more input energy into dissipative energy. Furthermore, the secant modulus of well cement decreased with cycle number, which is especially significant under ambient test conditions with high loading intensity. Within 20 cycles of cyclic loading tests, only the sample tested at a loading intensity of 90% ultimate strength under an ambient environment failed. For samples that remained intact after 20 cycles of cyclic loading, the compressive strength and stress–strain behavior were similar to those obtained before cyclic loading. Only a slight decrease in the elastic modulus is observed in samples cycled with high loading intensity. Overall, oil-well cement has a longer fatigue life when subjected to HTHP testing conditions compared to that tested under ambient conditions. The fatigue life of well cement increases significantly with a decrease in loading intensity and can be predicted based on the plastic strain evolution rate.
TRUST-ME: Trust-Based Resource Allocation and Server Selection in Multi-Access Edge Computing
Authors: Tsikteris Sean , Rahman Aisha B , Siraj Md. Sadman , Tsiropoulou Eirini Eleni
Published: August 2024

Multi-access edge computing (MEC) has attracted the interest of the research and industrial community to support Internet of things (IoT) applications by enabling efficient data processing and minimizing latency. This paper presents significant contributions toward optimizing the resource allocation and enhancing the decision-making process in edge computing environments. Specifically, the TRUST-ME model is introduced, which consists of multiple edge servers and IoT devices, i.e., users, with varied computing tasks offloaded to the MEC servers. A utility function was designed to quantify the benefits in terms of latency and cost for the IoT device while utilizing the MEC servers’ computing capacities. The core innovation of our work is a novel trust model that was designed to evaluate the IoT devices’ confidence in MEC servers. This model integrates both direct and indirect trust and reflects the trustworthiness of the servers based on the direct interactions and social feedback from other devices using the same servers. This dual trust approach helps with accurately gauging the reliability of MEC services and ensuring more informed decision making. A reinforcement learning framework based on the optimistic Q-learning with an upper confidence bounds action selection algorithm enables the IoT devices to autonomously select a MEC server to process their computing tasks. Also, a multilateral bargaining model is proposed for fair resource allocation of the MEC servers’ computing resources to the users while accounting for their computing demands. Numerical simulations demonstrated the operational effectiveness, convergence, and scalability of the TRUST-ME model, which was validated through real-world scenarios and comprehensive comparative evaluations against existing approaches.
Influence of the Culture Conditions on Camellia sinensis Cell Cultures
Authors: Esteban-Campos Pilar , Vela Pilar , Rodríguez-Solana Raquel , López-Sánchez José Ignacio , Salinero Carmen , Pérez-Santín Efrén
Published: August 2024

Since the last century, it has been shown that dedifferentiated cells of Camellia sinensis can produce catechins and other secondary metabolites under in vitro conditions, with potential applications in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industries. In this work, cell suspension cultures of a C. sinensis cell line (LSC-5Y) were established in a liquid medium in order to optimize the biomass productivity, catechin monomer (GC, EGC, C, EC, CG, and ECG) and alkaloid (TB and CAF) productivity. The following factors were evaluated: concentration of growth regulators (BA and IBA), inoculum size, age of the cell line, light exposure, and effect of biotic elicitors (MeJA and extracts of Ciborinia camelliae). GC, EGC, and ECG increased approximately 1.80-fold when the auxin IBA concentration was increased from 0.1 to 2.0 mg/L. In addition, better productivity of EGC, C, EC, and CAF was achieved by using inoculum densities between 50 and 100 g/L. Although lower inoculum densities (25 g/L) showed a higher growth rate (0.20 d−1), the use of inoculum densities higher than 25 g/L favors a 2–4-fold increase in total catechin (TC) productivity, with maximum productivity being reached after 21 days of culture. However, the cell line showed instability in TC productivity: in the short term (in three successive subcultures), the coefficient of variation was 32.80%, and catechin production capacity was 2.5 years with maximum productivity at 0.5 years. Finally, it was observed that ethanol, used as an elicitor solvent, has a strong elicitor effect capable of increasing the accumulation of catechins up to 5.24 times compared to the treatment without an elicitor.
Antioxidant and Anti-Atherosclerosis Activities of Hydrolyzed Jellyfish Collagen and Its Conjugate with Black Jelly Mushroom Extract
Authors: Binlateh Thunwa , Hutamekalin Pilaiwanwadee , Benjakul Soottawat , Chotphruethipong Lalita
Published: August 2024

Atherosclerosis, a noncommunicable disease caused by cholesterol plaque, can cause chronic diseases. The antiplatelet medicines used in its treatment can cause complications. Marine collagen peptides can be used as a natural atherosclerosis remedy. The present study investigated the preparation and characterization of hydrolyzed collagen (HC) from jellyfish and its conjugation with black jelly mushroom extract (BJME). Their cytotoxicity and ability to prevent cholesterol-induced endothelial cell injury were also examined. HC was prepared using Alcalase or papain hydrolysis (0.2–0.4 units/g of dry matter (DM)). Higher yield, degree of hydrolysis, and antioxidant activities (AAs) were found in the HC obtained from Alcalase, especially at 0.4 units/g DM (A-0.4), compared to other processes (p < 0.05). Thus, A-0.4 was further conjugated with BJME (1–4%, w/w of HC). The HC-2%BJME conjugate showed the highest surface hydrophobicity and AAs compared to other samples. The FTIR spectra and size distribution also confirmed the conjugation between HC and BJME. When EA.hy926 endothelial cells were treated with HC or HC-2%BJME (25–1000 µg/mL), HC-2%BJME had no cytotoxicity, whereas HC at 1000 µg/mL induced cytotoxicity (p < 0.05). Both samples also exhibited protective ability against cholesterol-induced apoptosis and VE-cadherin downregulation of cells. Therefore, HC and conjugate could be natural agents for preventing atherosclerosis.
Correction: Liu et al. Glucoraphanin Accumulation via Glucoraphanin Synthesis Promotion during Broccoli Germination. Foods 2024, 13, 41
Authors: Liu Guangmin , He Hongju , Wang Pengjie , Zhao Xirui , Ren Fazheng
Published: August 2024

In the original publication [...]
Protective Effects of an Octapeptide Identified from Riceberry™ (Oryza sativa) Protein Hydrolysate on Oxidative and Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress in L929 Cells
Authors: Krobthong Sucheewin , Jaroenchuensiri Theeranuch , Yingchutrakul Yodying , Sukmak Pichayapa , Visessanguan Wonnop , Pongkorpsakol Pawin , Tulyananda Tatpong , Aonbangkhen Chanat
Published: August 2024

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a critical role in oxidative stress and cellular damage, underscoring the importance of identifying potent antioxidants. This research focuses on the antioxidant capabilities of Riceberry™-derived peptides and their protective effects against oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in L929 cells. By simulating human digestion, Riceberry™ protein hydrolysate was generated, from which antioxidant peptides were isolated using OFFGEL electrophoresis and LC-MS/MS. Notably, an octapeptide (VPAGVAHW) from the hydrolysate demonstrated significant antioxidant activity, particularly against oxidative stress induced by iodoacetic acid (IAA) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ER stress caused by tunicamycin (TM) in L929 cells. This peptide’s effectiveness was evident in its dose-dependent ability to enhance cell viability and mitigate stress effects, although its efficiency varied with the stress inducer. Our study suggests that Riceberry™-derived peptides could serve as a promising natural antioxidant with potential benefits for health promotion and applications in the food industry, offering an environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic antioxidants.
Effects of High-Hydrostatic-Pressure Treatment on Polyphenols and Volatile Aromatic Compounds in Marselan Wine
Authors: Yi Zicheng , Zhao Danqing , Chang Tengwen , Chen Xiang , Kai Jianrong , Luo Yang , Peng Bangzhu , Yang Binkun , Ge Qian
Published: August 2024

This study investigated the effects of high-hydrostatic-pressure (HHP) treatment of varying intensity (100–600 MPa) and duration (10–30 min) on polyphenols and volatile aromatic compounds in Marselan red wine. The types and concentrations of polyphenols and volatile aromatic compounds were compared before and after HHP treatment; the results indicated that HHP treatment at 300 MPa for 20 min significantly increased the total polyphenol content to 369.70 mg/L, a rise of 35.82%. The contents of key polyphenols, such as resveratrol and protocatechuic acid, were significantly enhanced. Furthermore, while the total content of volatile aromatic compounds did not change significantly under this condition compared to the untreated samples, the concentration of ester compounds significantly increased to 1.81 times that of the untreated group, thereby enriching the floral and fruity aromas of the wine and effectively improving its aromatic profile and sensory quality. Principal component analysis (PCA) further validated the positive impact of HHP treatment on the flavor characteristics of Marselan red wine. These findings provide technical support for the use of HHP in improving wine quality.
Level of Adoption of Hygiene Practices in Small-Scale Dairy Plants in Serbia
Authors: Djekić Ilija , Smigic Nada , Miloradovic Zorana , Aleksic Biljana , Maslovarić Marijana , Jovanović Rade , Tolimir Nataša , Pudja Predrag , Miocinovic Jelena
Published: August 2024

The main aim of this study was to analyze hygiene practices in small-scale dairy plants (SSDPs) in Serbia. A total of 60 plants were included in the research. A survey questionnaire used for SSDPs was designed to obtain the main information about hygiene practices they perform, as well as the data about the SSDPs, their production portfolio, and improvement plans. For the purpose of this study, a good hygiene practice score (GHPS) was calculated showing that the average score is 75%, spanning from 71.4% to 80.3% depending on the type of dairy plant. This study showed that the biggest challenges for small-scale dairy plants are associated with adequate labeling and external analysis of their dairy products, followed by record keeping and use of appropriate food contact materials. As expected, registered and approved SSDPs had higher GHPS scores and more information on their labels than those still in the approval or registration process. This study confirms the need for supporting this type of dairy producer to improve two main pillars of their business—the infrastructure for where they produce dairy products and awareness/knowledge of food safety legislative requirements. At the same time, approved processors are significantly underutilizing their processing capacity, which implies the need for both policy change consideration and educational initiatives. The policy changes should aim to align regulations with small-scale dairy processing realities.
A Dust-Scattering Model for M1-92: A Revised Estimate of the Mass Distribution and Inclination
Authors: Li Yun Qi , Morris Mark R. , Sahai Raghvendra
Published: August 2024

Preplanetary nebulae (PPNe) are formed from mass-ejecting late-stage AGB stars. Much of the light from the star gets scattered or absorbed by dust particles, giving rise to the observed reflection nebula seen at visible and near-IR wavelengths. Precursors to planetary nebulae (PNe), PPNe generally have not yet undergone any ionization by UV radiation from the still-buried stellar core. Bipolar PPNe are a common form of observed PPNe. This study lays the groundwork for future dynamical studies by reconstructing the dust density distribution of a particularly symmetric bipolar PPN, M1-92 (Minkowski’s Footprint, IRAS 19343+2926). For this purpose, we develop an efficient single-scattering radiative transfer model with corrections for double-scattering. Using a V-band image from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), we infer the dust density profile and orientation of M1-92. These results indicate that M1-92’s slowly expanding equatorial torus exhibits an outer radial cutoff in its density, which implicates the influence of a binary companion during the formation of the nebula.
Assessing the Efficiency of Fully Two-Dimensional Hydraulic HEC-RAS Models in Rivers of Cyprus
Authors: Siakara Georgia , Gourgouletis Nikolaos , Baltas Evangelos
Published: August 2024

Floods are among the most widespread and recurrent natural disasters globally. In the European region, climate change leads to an increase in the incidence and intensity of flooding. For effective management of the phenomenon, the European Union instituted Directive 2007/60/EC for the assessment and management of flood risks in order to reduce the negative consequences of flooding on human health, economic activities, the environment, and cultural heritage. Cyprus, as a member of the European Union, had to comply with the provisions of the directive. Within the second implementation of the directive, combined 1D/2D hydraulic models were conducted. These data served as a benchmark for the present research, in which the differences in the inundated area, depths, and simulation time are investigated using a full 2D hydraulic simulation. The present research examines two Areas of Potentially Significant Flood Risk, one in an urban and one in a rural area. Overall, the proposed 2D methodology was found to represent inundated areas to a good extent with almost zero deviation in comparison to the 1D/2D method. This study demonstrated the adequacy of the 2D hydraulic simulation method, which offers greater flexibility in modeling a variety of hydraulic scenarios, enabling planning and flood risk management that is vital for protecting communities, infrastructure and the environment from the devastating impacts of floods.
Asbestos Hazard in Serpentinite Rocks: Influence of Mineralogical and Structural Characteristics on Fiber Potential Release
Authors: Marzini Lorenzo , Iannini Marco , Giorgetti Giovanna , Bonciani Filippo , Conti Paolo , Salvini Riccardo , Viti Cecilia
Published: August 2024

Naturally occurring asbestos (NOA) represents a matter of social and environmental concern due to its potential release in the atmosphere during rock excavation and grinding in quarry and road tunnel activities. In most cases, NOA occurs in serpentinites, i.e., rocks deriving from low-grade metamorphic hydration of mantle peridotites. The potential release of asbestos fibers from serpentinite outcrops depends on several features, such as serpentinization degree, rock deformation, weathering, and abundance of fibrous veins. In this study, we selected a set of serpentinite samples from a representative outcrop in Tuscany (Italy), and we analyzed them by Optical, Scanning, and Transmission Electron Microscopies. The samples were treated by grinding tests following the Italian guidelines Decrees 14/5/96 and 152/2006 for the determination of the Release Index (RI), i.e., the fiber amount released through controlled crushing tests. The fine-grained powder released during the tests was analyzed by quantitative Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to determine the variety and the amount of released fibers and to assess the potential hazard of the different serpentinite samples. Results indicate that the amount of released fibers is mostly related to serpentinite deformation, with the highest RI values for cataclastic and foliated samples, typically characterized by widespread occurrence of fibrous veins. Conversely, massive pseudomorphic serpentinite revealed a very low RI, even if their actual chrysotile content is up to 20–25%. Based on our original findings from the RI results, a preliminary investigation of the outcrop at the mesoscale would be of primary importance to obtain a reliable hazard assessment of NOA sites, allowing the primary distinction among the different serpentinites lithotypes and the effective fiber release.
Effects of a Multifactorial Program with Case Management for Falls Prevention on Functional Outcomes in Community-Dwelling Older People: A Randomized Clinical Study
Authors: Novaes Areta Dames Cachapuz , Ansai Juliana Hotta , Alberto Silsam Napolitano , Caetano Maria Joana Duarte , Rossi Paulo Giusti , de Melo Mariana Luiz , Gramani-Say Karina
Published: August 2024

Falls are among the top 10 causes of years lived with disability in people aged 75 and over. Preventive programs like case management (CM) are crucial. Objectives: To evaluate the effects of a multifactorial fall prevention program based on CM on physical performance, the presence of pain, and the risk of falls and fractures in older people who have suffered falls. Methods: This randomized, single-blind clinical trial with parallel groups, Intervention Group (IG) and Control Group (CG), was composed of 55 older people with a history of falling, living in the community. All participants underwent an initial assessment via video call (containing anamnesis, timed up-and-go test, falls risk score, short physical performance battery, and clinical frax). The IG underwent CM, the physical exercise protocol, and the cognitive stimulation protocol. The CG was monitored through telephone calls and received general health and fall guidance. Results: No significant results were found in the physical capacity, the presence of pain, the risk of falls, or the fractures between the Intervention and Control Groups and between assessments. Conclusion: This program was not effective in improving functional performance, but it was important for characterizing pain and the probability of fracture in the next 10 years in this population.
Post-COVID-19 Condition: How Sociodemographic Factors, Physical Well-Being and Functionality Influence Quality of Life and Mental Health Symptoms
Authors: Rodríguez-Pérez Mᵃ Pilar , Pérez-de-Heredia-Torres Marta , Rodríguez-Ledo Pilar , Fernández-Gómez Gemma , García-Bravo Cristina , Cano-de-la-Cuerda Roberto , Sánchez-Herrera-Baeza Patricia
Published: August 2024

Background: Long COVID-19 syndrome remains a global public health problem, with more than 145 million people affected with multisystemic symptoms. Addressing the requirements of individuals impacted by a syndrome characterised by a complex and variable clinical presentation is of utmost importance. Identifying the variables that can exert influence and understanding their progression is essential for directing treatment strategies aimed at enhancing both independence and quality of life. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the influence of sociodemographic and clinical variables on existence and their relationship with asthenia, anxiety symptoms and low mood. Methods: An analytical study secondary to an observational cross-sectional descriptive study. Results: Logistic regression showed significant univariate effects on asthenia [sex (p = 0.034); age (p = 0.042); Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire [ADQL (p = 0.002)] [physical functioning (p < 0.001) and general health (p = 0.014)] and multivariate [sex (p = 0.019), adult age (p = 0.01) and physical functioning (p = 0.04)]]; low mood [time of evolution (p = 0.028) and multivariate [time course (p = 0.007), ADLQ (p = 0.011), role physical (p = 0.013) and general health (p = 0.001)]] and anxiety [physical functioning (p = 0.046) and multivariate [physical functioning (p = 0.034), age (p = 0.011), time of evolution (p = 0.001) and ADQL (p = 0.011)]]. Conclusions: Increased age, gender and longer evolution time seem to favour the prevalence and occurrence of mental health symptoms; greater independence and good physical functioning are protective factors with respect to the occurrence of mental health-related symptoms in patients affected by post-COVID-19 condition.
Brain, Metabolic, and RPE Responses during a Free-Pace Marathon: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Palacin Florent , Poinsard Luc , Mattei Julien , Berthomier Christian , Billat Véronique
Published: August 2024

The concept of the “central governor” in exercise physiology suggests the brain plays a key role in regulating exercise performance by continuously monitoring physiological and psychological factors. In this case report, we monitored, for the first time, a marathon runner using a metabolic portable system and an EEG wireless device during an entire marathon to understand the influence of brain activity on performance, particularly the phenomenon known as “hitting the wall”. The results showed significant early modification in brain activity between the 10th and 15th kilometers, while the RPE remained low and cardiorespiratory responses were in a steady state. Thereafter, EEG responses decreased after kilometer 15, increased briefly between kilometers 20 and 25, then continued at a slower pace. After kilometer 30, both speed and respiration values dropped, along with the respiratory exchange ratio, indicating a shift from carbohydrate to fat metabolism, reflecting glycogen depletion. The runner concluded the race with a lower speed, higher RPE (above 15/20 on the Borg RPE scale), and reduced brain activity, suggesting mental exhaustion. The findings suggest that training strategies focused on recognizing and responding to brain signals could allow runners to optimize performance and pacing strategies, preventing premature exhaustion and improving overall race outcomes.
Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Ambulatory Self-Confidence Questionnaire (ASCQ), Portuguese (European) Version
Authors: Teixeira Maria , Luís Mónica , Reis Magda , Carvão Carlota , Martins Anabela Correia
Published: August 2024

In a world where physical activity and social participation are fundamental pillars of a full and healthy life, confidence in walking has emerged as a fundamental aspect to assess, especially for older adults. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a Portuguese (European) version of the Ambulatory Self-Confidence Questionnaire (ASCQ) that was both linguistically and psychometrically adapted. To do so, a translation method was used, followed by an assessment of its validity and reliability. The Portuguese version was completed by 173 older adults. To assess reliability, Cronbach’s alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used. For sociodemographic and clinical characterization, as well as questionnaire scoring, descriptive statistical analysis was used. Pearson’s correlation (r), Student’s t-test, and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze criterion and construction validity. The Portuguese interactions with ASCQ were effectively translated and adjusted, revealing exceptional internal consistency and test–retest reliability, as reflected in Cronbach’s alpha and ICC values of 0.95. No floor effect was observed; however, a ceiling effect was identified (3.5%). The criterion and construct validity were verified as all the correlations established were statistically significant. The adaptation of the ASCQ to Portuguese culture is adequate, making it valid for use within the Portuguese population.
Correlational Insights into Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Lebanon
Authors: Assaf Melyssa , Rouphael Melissa , Bou Sader Nehme Sarah , Soufia Michel , Alameddine Abbas , Hallit Souheil , Landry Marc , Bitar Tania , Hleihel Walid
Published: August 2024

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), a prevalent childhood neurodevelopmental disorder with complex etiology involving genetic and environmental factors, causes impairments across various life domains and substantial social and economic burden. Identifying correlates to prevent its onset and decrease its incidence is crucial. To our knowledge, our study represents the first case–control investigation of Lebanese ADHD patients to explore potential correlations between familial, maternal, and child health variables and ADHD to enhance understanding of its etiology and aid in prevention efforts. We recruited 61 Lebanese ADHD patients and 58 matched controls aged 6–24 years from all districts of Lebanon. The data to analyze were collected using a questionnaire. We employed statistical tests, including the independent samples t-test and the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. We conducted a multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify the statistically significant factors explaining ADHD likelihood. We observed male predominance (68.9%) among patients. Maternal anemia during pregnancy (OR = 3.654; 95% CI [1.158–11.529]), maternal self-reported stress during pregnancy (OR = 3.268; 95% CI [1.263–8.456]), neonatal jaundice (OR = 5.020; 95% CI [1.438–17.532]), and familial history of ADHD (OR = 12.033; 95% CI [2.950–49.072]) were significantly associated with increased odds of the disorder. On the other hand, breastfeeding (OR = 0.263; 95% CI [0.092–0.757]) was identified as a protective factor against ADHD. This pilot study shed light on risk and protective factors associated with ADHD in the Lebanese population. The results are relevant, as some identified correlates could be avoidable. Further rigorous investigation is required to expand upon the observed correlations and to assist in early detection, prevention, and intervention strategies targeting ADHD.
Correction: Reco, M.d.O.N.; Soares-Marangoni, D.A. Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol on the Effects of a Sensory Motor Intervention Associated with Kangaroo Skin-to-Skin Contact in Preterm Newborns. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21, 538
Authors: Reco Mariane de Oliveira Nunes , Soares-Marangoni Daniele Almeida
Published: August 2024

In the original publication [...]
What Interventions Work to Reduce Cost Barriers to Primary Healthcare in High-Income Countries? A Systematic Review
Authors: Yee Bailey , Mohan Nisa , McKenzie Fiona , Jeffreys Mona
Published: August 2024

High-income countries like Aotearoa New Zealand are grappling with inequitable access to healthcare services. Out-of-pocket payments can lead to the reduced use of appropriate healthcare services, poorer health outcomes, and catastrophic health expenses. To advance our knowledge, this systematic review asks, “What interventions aim to reduce cost barriers for health users when accessing primary healthcare in high-income countries?” The search strategy comprised three bibliographic databases (Dimensions, Embase, and Medline Web of Science). Two authors selected studies for inclusion; discrepancies were resolved by a third reviewer. All articles published in English from 2000 to May 2022 and that reported on outcomes of interventions that aimed to reduce cost barriers for health users to access primary healthcare in high-income countries were eligible for inclusion. Two blinded authors independently assessed article quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program. Relevant data were extracted and analyzed in a narrative synthesis. Forty-three publications involving 18,861,890 participants and 6831 practices (or physicians) met the inclusion criteria. Interventions reported in the literature included removing out-of-pocket costs, implementing nonprofit organizations and community programs, additional workforce, and alternative payment methods. Interventions that involved eliminating or reducing out-of-pocket costs substantially increased healthcare utilization. Where reported, initiatives generally found financial savings at the system level. Health system initiatives generally, but not consistently, were associated with improved access to healthcare services.