bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Curriculum Assessment Reform for Convention and Exhibition English
Authors: Zou Fang
Published: November 2024

Convention and Exhibition English is a typical course in English for Specific Purposes (ESP). With Chinese business activities increasing, there is a growing demand for convention and exhibition-related talents, since most businesses are in connection with these events. To cultivate competent graduates, Guangdong Technology College has tried replacing traditional written test with a video in the assessment of students’ performance after their learning of this course to stimulate practice and self-exploring. Role play in the videos can inspire students’ interest in this field and build up their confidence in English. This article will introduce the background information on the development of the course, the necessity of its reform, and how it has been implemented. This paper aims to attract attention to the creative reform of teachers and hopes to contribute to more studies on ESP teaching for the better cultivation of English talents that the growing Chinese economy requires.
Why We Committed Murder: Views from Convicted Prisoners in Niger State, Nigeria
Authors: Ndashiru Usman Isah Ndashiru A. , Dalhatu Bala Muhammad Dalhatu
Published: November 2024

The killing of a human being by his or her fellow beats rational imagination. It becomes extremely difficult to comprehend the rationale that makes individuals become deliberately responsible for the death of their kind. Murder is a baffling issue that poses a significant threat to humanity and highlights the challenges to civilization and societal development. Its ongoing presence questions the overall health of any society. This paper examines the reasons murderers in prisons provide for their actions, using strain and social disorganization theories as a framework. Semi-structured questionnaires were given to 615 convicted violent offenders in four Niger State prisons, selected through a multi-stage sampling technique. Additionally, sixteen prison warders were interviewed for further insights. The findings indicate that low income (P= .934) was not statistically significant at (P= 0.05) level of significance for the explanation of murder unless redolent with peer pressure (p= 0.02). Special loan packages and partnerships for and between members of the community are suggested to be instituted and encouraged to reduce the pangs of hard economic situations and lack of social capital, which are also potent factors for the explanation of murder.
An Audiences’ Perception of Ghanaian Television Drama Series on National Values
Authors: Aketema Joseph , Nana Beyin Kwaku Ofori Emmanuel , Tetteyfio Manu Sylvia
Published: November 2024

This paper examines students’ views regarding television series in line with the cultural and ideological broadcasting of Ghana’s regulations. With the main objective of evaluating the effects and influences of Ghana’s television series on audiences lived experiences, both qualitative and quantitative methodological approaches were used to evaluate a purposively sampled University of Ghana’s student body on their perception of Ghana’s television content. Key findings indicates that there is an -increasing enculturation of Ghanaian culture by Euro-American media products. This has proven to have serious effects on the local content producers and consumers alike.  The study recommends an enforcement of regulatory body of foreign content while encouraging indigenous content production and exhibition.
Exploring Anthropometric Correlates of Performance Across Playing Positions in Youth Male Water Polo
Authors:   University of Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik, Croatia, Kontic Dean , Liposek Silvester ,   University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia, Geets Kesic Marijana ,   University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Split, Croatia
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to identify position-specific anthropometric differences in anthropometric status and to evaluate anthropometric predictors of performance level in youth male water polo players. The participants were youth male water polo players (n = 104, age: 17-19 years) from Croatia and Montenegro. In addition to playing position (goalkeeper, outer player, inner player/center) and performance level (high-level group vs. top-level group/members of National team), 21 anthropometric variables were included. Analysis of variance and discriminant canonical analyses were performed to define differences among playing positions in terms of anthropometric status. Logistic regressions with performance-level as a criterion (outcome) was performed to identify associations between anthropometric variables and outcome for each playing position. Centers who were taller (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.04--1.45), had lower subscapular skinfold (OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.67--0.98), and had larger chest circumferences were more likely to be grouped in top-level group (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.03--1.31). The greater likelihood for being grouped into top-level group was evidenced for those outer players who were taller (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.04--1.41), had longer arms (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.01--1.44), and had lower values of chest skinfold (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.32--0.83), triceps skinfold (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.66--0.98), and subscapular skinfold (OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.47--0.89). Anthropometric variables were not significantly associated with performance level in goalkeepers. Talent, skill, and tactical awareness remains essential for all water polo players, but identified anthropometric attributes should be considered when selecting players for successful performance at each playing position.
The Impact of E-books on Thai EFL Undergraduates' Acquisition of Affixes and their Contentment with This Medium
Authors: Duklim Bunyarat , Hasan Md. Kamrul
Published: November 2024

The learning of affixes (prefixes and suffixes) by English as a Foreign Language (EFL) undergraduates is paramount since it enhances their vocabulary and helps them achieve fluency and proficiency in the English language. This paper aims to evaluate students’ command of affixes by using an electronic book (e-book) as a teaching method and examining students’ level of satisfaction regarding the learning of affixes through the e-book. The study employed a mixed-methods research design and included a sample of 50 first-year English for Communication students from Rajamangala University of Technology, Srivijaya. The research instruments used in this study included the pre-test, post-test, and an e-book satisfaction questionnaire, respectively. An interview was also used as a data-gathering tool in this research work. The findings indicated that the post-test results (26.40) yielded a superior outcome compared to the pre-test results (17.80). Furthermore, the e-book had an overall satisfaction rating of 4.57. In conclusion, the study found that students can significantly enhance their understanding of affixes, specifically prefixes and suffixes, by using unique e-books. For English teachers who encourage the use of e-books, the study's findings will have important implications since they will be able to use e-books for various uses in their respective classes when teaching EFL students.
Length–weight relationships and condition factors of several endemic and native species of the genera Alburnoides, Alburnus and Squalius
Authors: Kurtul Irmak , Kaya Cüneyt , Onay Hatice , Bayçelebi Esra , Turan Davut
Published: November 2024

The present study examined for the first time both length–to–weight relationships and condition factors of ten species belonging to three endemically rich genera: Alburnoides (nspecimens = 361), Alburnus (nspecimens = 36), and Squalius (nspecimens = 205). Fish were sampled in several lakes and streams using electroshocking. Fish samples ranged from 3.60 cm to 27.40 cm in total length and from 38.00 g to 250.02 g in total weight. The coefficient of determination for all populations was R2 ≥ 0.95, while the b value varied between 3.0158 and 3.4957 for all sampling locations. The latter ranged from 3.0158 to 3.4957 for Alburnoides, from 3.0357 to 3.2327 for Alburnus, and from 3.0743 to 3.2143 for Squalius populations. Fulton’s condition factor was calculated for all populations. The research presented here focused on data-deficient endemic and native species of Anatolian freshwater resources, and the results obtained may prove useful in biodiversity management strategies.
Crustacean species off the coast of Kıyıköy (Black Sea, Türkiye) with a new record
Authors: Özgen Özge , Açık Şermin
Published: November 2024

Examination of hard- and soft-bottom samples collected off the coast of Kıyıköy (Black Sea, Türkiye) using grabs, quadrats and trawls revealed a total of 39 crustaceans belonging to eight orders. Among the species, Medorippe lanata was recorded in the Black Sea for the first time. Amphipoda dominated on hard and soft substrates in terms of the number of species and individuals. A total of 898 individuals belonging to 27 species were identified on the hard bottom, of which Ampithoe ramondi was the most dominant species (47.4%). On the other hand, a total of 123 individuals belonging to 16 species were recorded on the soft bottom, with Diogenes pugilator (21.1%) being the most dominant species (21.1%). A total of 441 individuals belonging to nine species were found following bottom and beam trawl hauls, with Liocarcinus navigator and L. depurator being the most frequent species. Community parameters were estimated in both hard- and soft-bottom samples.
Environmental impact of potentially toxic elements accumulated in surface sediments of the Erikli Lagoon, Black Sea coast (Türkiye)
Authors: Kükrer Serkan , Uludağ Musa , Erginal Gülsen , Erginal Ahmet Evren
Published: November 2024

This study aims to (a) determine the concentration and distribution of elements in the surface sediments of the Erikli Lagoon, which are under natural and anthropogenic pressure, (b) determine possible effects on the environment using ecological indices, and (c) reveal possible sources. Multiple elements, total organic carbon and chlorophyll degradation products were analyzed in sediment samples. Enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), and geoaccumulation index (Igeo) were calculated to determine the sources of the elements. Modified hazard quotient (mHQ), ecological contamination index (ECI), contamination severity index (CSI) and potential ecological risk index (PERI) were calculated to determine ecological risks. It was found that Mn, Hg, As, Fe and Cd entering the lake are of anthropogenic origin. These elements pose a low to moderate ecological threat to the lake. Agricultural and domestic discharges and atmospheric deposition are the main sources of these elements. A moderate ecological risk with an average value of 194.89 was determined in the lagoon based on PERI and contamination levels of metals. The elements that pose this risk are Hg and Cd, due to their high toxicity. According to ECI and CSI, the ecological risk is low, with average values of 0.99 and 0.30, respectively.
A cluster of Mayaro virus infections in a film team returning from Suriname, February 2024
Authors: Orth Hans Martin , Pfau Stefanie , Gabriel Martin , Günther Stephan , Tappe Dennis , Hornuss Daniel , Müller-Stöver Irmela , Holtfreter Martha Charlotte , Luedde Tom , Schmidt-Chanasit Jonas , Feldt Torsten
Published: November 2024

Mayaro virus is endemic to the tropical Americas, where the incidence is currently increasing. Like other viruses of the Semliki Forest virus serocomplex, such as Alphavirus chikungunya, symptomatic infections are typically characterised by an acute febrile disease followed by long-lasting arthralgia. Cases in travellers are rarely reported but may be underdiagnosed. We report on four people who diagnosed with Mayaro fever after working in remote areas of Suriname as members of a film team.
Analysis of field monitoring of precipitation and pore pressure over seven years at Morro do Boi of Serra do Mar/Brazil
Authors: Domingues Giancarlo , Faro Vítor Pereira , Mazzutti Elisangela Aparecida
Published: November 2024

The stability of slopes or the occurrence of mass movements is directly related to the incidence of rainfall. In this work a qualitative analysis of the historical series was made for the period between May 2012 and February 2019, where the development of pore pressures was evaluated, analyzing the behaviors of the instruments, correlating their readings with precipitation and with variations in the water table. Pore pressure was measured using vibrating wire piezometers, and precipitation data was collected using pluviometers with tipper buckets, whose readings were obtained by a datalogger model ML1-FL. From the data collected, it was possible to estimate the duration of a rainfall event for the soil, as that time interval between the occurrence of rain and the dissipation of excess pore pressure. These intervals are between 3 and 26 days in duration. The main results were: the period between the end of June and August is the driest and the highest precipitation occurs from December to early June; Precipitation of up to 100 mm of daily accumulation is well distributed throughout the year and occurs in all seasons. The pore pressure values developed were low, with a maximum of 9.3 kPa for the deepest piezometer on elevation 92.40 m. There is a delay between the occurrence of precipitation and the recording of the peak pore pressure. The in-depth knowledge of variations in precipitation and pore pressure can support the development of more robust geotechnical engineering projects. This preventive approach, based on concrete data and correlations, offers a more reliable strategy for mitigating the risks associated with landslides, directly contributing to the safety and continuous operation of the BR-101/SC highway.
Scientific opinion on the extension of the authorisation of use of the food additive steviol glycosides (E 960a–d) and the modification of the acceptable daily intake (ADI) for steviol
Authors:   EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF), Castle Laurence , Andreassen Monica , Aquilina Gabriele , Bastos Maria Lourdes , Boon Polly , Fallico Biagio , FitzGerald Reginald , Frutos Fernandez Maria Jose , Grasl‐Kraupp Bettina , Gundert‐Remy Ursula , Gürtler Rainer , Houdeau Eric , Kurek Marcin , Louro Henriqueta , Morales Patricia , Passamonti Sabina , Barat Baviera José Manuel , Degen Gisela , Gott David , Herman Lieve , Leblanc Jean‐Charles , Moldeus Peter , Waalkens‐Berendsen Ine , Wölfle Detlef , Civitella Consuelo , Ruggeri Laura , Tard Alexandra , Dino Borana , Vermeiren Sam
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The EFSA Panel on Food Additive and Flavourings (FAF Panel) evaluated the safety of proposed changes to the currently permitted uses of the food additive steviol glycosides (E 960a–d) and of a proposed modification of the current acceptable daily intake (ADI) from 4 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day to 6 or 16 mg/kg bw per day, expressed as steviol equivalents. Currently, steviol glycosides (E 960a–d) are authorised in the EU in 32 different food categories (FCs). An extension of use was proposed for four new uses within FC 7.2 ‘Fine bakery wares’. In addition, an increase of the maximum permitted levels (MPLs) for FC 14.1.3 ‘Fruit nectars’ and for three uses within FC 14.1.4 ‘Flavoured drinks’ was requested. Consequently, the Panel updated the exposure estimates using the protocol for assessing exposure to sweeteners, developed to consider the specificities related to consumers' exposure to this functional class of food additives. Considering the proposed extension of use and increase of the MPLs, together with the currently authorised uses (at the MPLs) of E 960a–d, the highest 95th percentiles of exposure are 4.1 and 6.9 mg/kg bw per day for infants and toddlers, respectively. Based on the currently available absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) dataset for steviol glycosides (E 960a–d), the Panel concluded that that there is insufficient justification to increase the current ADI of 4 mg/kg bw per day, expressed as steviol equivalents. With respect to the proposed extension of use and increase of the MPLs, the Panel concluded that the calculated, conservative, dietary exposure would result in an increased exceedance of the ADI for toddlers at the 95th percentile.
Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance fludioxonil
Authors:   European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Álvarez Fernando , Arena Maria , Auteri Domenica , Leite Sofia Batista , Binaglia Marco , Castoldi Anna Federica , Chiusolo Arianna , Colagiorgi Angelo , Colas Mathilde , Crivellente Federica , De Lentdecker Chloe , De Magistris Isabella , Egsmose Mark , Fait Gabriella , Ferilli Franco , Giner Santonja German , Gouliarmou Varvara , Halling Katrin , Nogareda Laia Herrero , Ippolito Alessio , Istace Frederique , Jarrah Samira , Kardassi Dimitra , Kienzler Aude , Lanzoni Anna , Lava Roberto , Leuschner Renata , Linguadoca Alberto , Louisse Jochem , Lythgo Christopher , Magrans Oriol , Mangas Iris , Mavriou Galini , Mioč Andrea , Miron Ileana , Molnar Tunde , Padovani Laura , Padricello Vincenzo , Panzarea Martina , Parra Morte Juan Manuel , Rizzuto Simone , Romac Anamarija , Rortais Agnès , Santos Miguel , Serafimova Rositsa , Sharp Rachel , Szentes Csaba , Terron Andrea , Theobald Anne , Tiramani Manuela , Vianello Giorgia , Villamar‐Bouza Laura
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The conclusions of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State France and co‐rapporteur Member State Spain for the pesticide active substance fludioxonil are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012, as amended by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2018/1659. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative use of fludioxonil as a fungicide on wheat, oats, grapes, pome fruit and strawberry. The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are reported where identified.
REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AS PEACE-BUILDERS: A LIBERAL APPROACH TO CONFLICT MITIGATION
Authors: Gourav  , Pardeep Kumar
Published: November 2024

The article focuses on the role regional organizations play in regional peace-building within the theoretical framework of liberalism. Using a critical analysis of some of the key organizations, including but not limited to, the United Nations, European Union, African Union, and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, this study looks at how liberal cooperation, multilateralism, and institutional governance help in efforts to prevent regional conflicts. The performance of these organizations in managing conflicts in the diverse regional context identifies their successes and shortcomings. The region of study particularly shines the light on how challenges have arisen from applying Western liberal frameworks in regions that were supposed to be non-Western and takes into consideration historical, cultural, and political conditions that require more adaptability and inclusiveness in peace-building interventions. This article argues that though liberalism remains the most significant tool in contemporary peace building, however its future requires a more fluid and multilevel engagement aimed at bringing local, national, and regional actors together in work toward sustainable peace.
EXPLORING THE MYTHS AND REALITY OF SALASAR BALAJI
Authors: Yadav Manisha , Rekha Rani
Published: November 2024

Oral stories/folk narratives have been passed on from generation to generations in order to preserve culture and history. Myth and mythology have always been at the heart of India’s culture. In this process of passing on traditions, the myths originated in particular time periods have changed their forms and are being moulded according to contemporary needs and demands. The paper focuses on one such site of cultural and historical significance in the northern part of India– Salasar. It has now become one of the most popular religious and cultural sites. The place has rich oral history and is surrounded by various myths associated with Balaji in Salasar. The present paper aims to explore the prevalent myths enveloping this site and to analyse that how this place has acclimatised in accordance with the contemporary times and culture and thrive as popular mythical and miracle place.
FEATURES INVOLVED IN MARKETING THE “PEN” DIGITALLY
Authors: Prasanth V Sai , Kathik Mogalapalle V , Vardhan P Vishnu , Kumar Ravupalli Prasanna , Venkataswamy Galla
Published: November 2024

This study examines the digital marketing strategies and features involved in effectively promoting the “PEN” to online consumers. Key features include targeted social media advertising, search engine optimization (SEO), and influencer partnerships, all of which contribute to increasing visibility and engagement for this simple yet essential product. Personalization techniques allow brands to tailor messaging to specific audiences, while e-commerce integration facilitates a seamless path from discovery to purchase. Additionally, user-generated content and reviews build trust and authenticity, enhancing the pen's appeal. By leveraging data analytics, brands can monitor trends, optimize campaigns, and measure customer response in real-time, ultimately refining strategies to boost conversions and brand loyalty in a competitive digital market.
Fostering interdisciplinary intercultural citizenship with virtual reality in a world language virtual exchange project
Authors: Gruber Alice , Wagner Manuela
Published: November 2024

Intercultural dialogue is an essential component of intercultural citizenship, i.e., students’ ability to  address complex societal issues. With more interconnected problems comes an increased need for students to communicate and collaborate with people from differing backgrounds. This preliminary study combined the framework of Intercultural Citizenship (ICit) and the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) with Virtual Reality (VR) and Virtual Exchange (VE) to investigate the students’ development of ICit. Fifteen learners of German, consisting of university students of German in the United States and students studying at a German university, met in dyads or triads in VR over six weeks and worked on their independent projects in which they each addressed a societal environmental problem of their choice. Analyses of the data (pre-project and post-project surveys, weekly journal entries, project presentations) revealed that participants developed their intercultural competence and enhanced their critical language awareness. Some students showed a shift of emphasis: While at the beginning they were more concerned with linguistic elements of the German language toward the end of the project they were focused on the topic of their project. Finally, participants appreciated the VR setting for building relationships, communicating, and developing intercultural competence in an authentic setting.
This study underscores the potential of advancing ICit and intercultural communicative competence (ICC) through a VR-VE format, emphasizing VR-VE’s potential in fostering relationships-building between students. It also offers students practical experience in navigating and appreciating the complexities of intercultural communication.
A készülő Dunántúli történeti családnévtárról
Authors: Hauber Kitti
Published: November 2024

This paper aims to present the Database of the Historical Surnames of Transdanubia in its current state. This database showcases new, innovative trends in onomastics that ensure the versatile, interdisciplinary usability of linguistic resources. The database is designed to facilitate the geographical and typological analysis of the family names of the Carpathian Basin in the second half of the eighteenth century, with a particular emphasis on functional-motivationalaspects. It also aims to explore the linguistic and onomastic consequences of the great migration waves of that century. The data originate from the name tables of the 1767-1774 tax unification of Maria Theresa and complement the material of the Atlas of Historical Surnames of Hungary, which shows the situation before the migration processes with data from the beginning of the century. The second half of the paper presents an analysis of the Hungarian and German family name data from Győr County in the Database of the Historical Surnames of Transdanubia and of the entire Hungarian family name data and the German family name data from the Transylvanian Saxon territories in the Atlas of Historical Surnames of Hungary. This analysis reveals the similarities and differences between the name stocks, emphasising routinised name patterns and their socio-cultural and historical background.
A tulajdonnevek műfajépítő szerepe a Sorsod Borsod című regionális krimiben
Authors: Kecskés Judit
Published: November 2024

The paper aims to show the role of proper names in defining the novel Sorsod Borsod [‘Borsod is Your Fate’] as a regional crime novel. A further objective is to demonstrate how proper names are used to connect the text of this literary work to the elements of reality and to examine the role played by the reader’s competence in naming practices when distinguishing between fictional and real-life names. The paper provides a brief overview of the source text, outlining the genre-specific characteristics of regional crime fiction. It presents the framework in which the proper names of the novel are analysed. Then, it examines the relationship between the fictional names and the genre-specific characteristics of the novel (representations of topographical features, stereotypes, local spaces and persons). The comprehensive analysis of names encompasses place names, institutional names, personal names, animal names, and other types of names of the region depicted in this crime fiction. The paper examines the presence of ethno-stereotypes in personal names and suggests that proper names may serve as regional labels. The analysis concludes that the novel is dominated by fictional place names that link the textual world to the real world. Moreover, a significant proportion of the surnames in the novel are fictional names reflecting the settlement names of the real-world region. The author has clearly made an effort to follow real-world name patterns in all types of names. The paper states that proper names in this work play an important role in building up the genre of the regional crime novel, as they contribute to the representation of regional particularities rather than to the plot, period or characterisation in the novel.
Pesty Frigyes Nógrád vármegyei helynévgyűjtésének nyelvjárástörténeti és szociolingvisztikai hasznosításáról
Authors: Gréczi-Zsoldos Enikő
Published: November 2024

This paper examines the historical dialectological and sociolinguistic use of the Nógrád County place-name compilation collected between 1863 and 1865 at Frigyes Pesty’s initiative. Frigyes Pesty, a pioneer in historical name geography, toponomastics and name etymologies, organised a collection of place names covering all settlements of Hungary. This manuscript of names constitutes a particularly rich database of geographical names of mid-19th-century Hungary. Hungarian National Toponym Registry Programme researchers have started publishing the manuscript based on standardised principles. During the philological work on the press publication of the place names of Nógrád County, a microlinguistic analysis was conducted. The results of this analysis are presented in this paper. On the one hand, the author discusses the connection of the scriptors to the Palóc dialect area and the possibility of reconstructing the former colloquial language use with the help of the registered toponyms. On the other hand, the author explores the bilingualism of the multi-ethnic (mostly Hungarian-Slovakian) villages of Nógrád County, as reflected in the place names.
The growth of oncoplastic breast surgery in northern Peru. Experience of tertiary institute
Authors: Trujillo Gustavo Adolfo Flores , Otiniano Raquel Sanchez , Murillo Elki Pedemonte , Ruiz Sairah Alarcon , Mejia Omar Medina , Lozano Franklin Soriano , Lazaro Andy Pantoja
Published: November 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the oncoplastic management of breast cancer in northern Peru. Methodology: We analyzed 26 patients with diagnosis of breast cancer at the “Instituto Regional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas del Norte del Peru” between 2012 and 2020. Our institute oversees oncology patients from the northwestern of Peru. Clinical features such as the timing of the disease and age were collected. As well data related to the neoplasm included tumor location, size, pathology, clinical stage, as well as oncoplastic techniques, and management of axilla disease. Categorical and continuous variables were expressed as percentages and means, respectively. Results: A total of 26 patients were included in this research. The mean age was 57 years, with a mean time of disease of 9 months. The mean tumor size was 2 cm. Most of the tumors were found in the upper outer quadrant and the right breast as well. The main histopathology was invasive ductal carcinoma. Notably, 62% of the molecular profiles were luminal followed by 19% luminal with overexpressed HER2. Clinical stage II was found in half of the patients. The main oncoplastic technique was a lateral pattern followed by a round block. For axillary disease management, we used mainly sentinel node lymph dissection (46%). The overall survival was 102 months. There were no differences in clinical stage or molecular pattern over overall survival. Conclusion: The oncoplastic breast techniques are reliable management, especially lateral patterns mostly for lower clinical stages.
Half-moon technique: a new option for breast reconstruction of central tumors or tumors with central extension
Authors: Vieira René Aloisio da Costa , Oliveira Luiz Carlos Navarro de
Published: November 2024

Objective: This study aimed to describe and evaluate the indications and results of a new surgical technique for use in the breast-conservative treatment of tumors in the central quadrants or central extension. Methodology: This study was approved by the UniFaminas – Muriaé Ethics Committee (CAAE Project 68787623.8.0000.5105, dated 05/03/2023). The new technique, called “half-moon,” consists of creating a circular island of skin in areas close to the central region, in patients undergoing areolar resection. To do this, an island of skin is created from neighboring semicircles created horizontally or vertically. It is indicated for breasts with small and medium volume, absent or small ptosis, aiming to create a central area, with minimal loss of volume and volume projection. The characteristics of the patients were evaluated, as well as the results of this new technique. Results: From February 2022 to January 2024, 14 patients underwent the half-moon technique. The median age was 45 years (31–67 years). Given the indication, the majority had small and medium breast volume (11), with absent or grade 1 ptosis (9). In the majority, surgery occurred after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (8), with partial response. Regarding the technique, the surgery was vertical in 11 cases and vertical in 3 cases, being associated with breast explantation and geometric compensation in 2 cases. Of the eight patients who completed the initial treatment, three underwent symmetrization, and five refused symmetrization, considering the acceptable results. Conclusion: The half- -moon flap constitutes a new safe reconstruction option to be performed in central tumors, with areolar resection being easy to perform and providing acceptable cosmetic results.
Pembelajaran dengan Model Cooferatif Integrated Reading and Composition Terhadap Hasil Belajar IPA di MTs Riyadlusshibyan Batulayar
Authors: Zulpiani Ira , Muhlis Muhlis , Merta I Wayan
Published: November 2024

Model Cooperatif Integrated reading and Composition merupakan model pembelajaran terpadu yang melibatkan keaktifan siswa dalam meningkatkan kemampuan membaca dan menulis agar siswa mampu memberikan solusi dari masalah yang ditemukan secara berkelompok. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Cooperatif Integrated reading and Composition terhadap hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas VII. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode yang digunakan adalah Quasi Experimen. Populasi penelitian ini adalah kelas VII MTs Riyadlusshibyan Batulayar, sampel penelitian terdiri dari kelas VII A dan VII B dengan tehnik sampling jenuh. Desain penelitian menggunakan nonequivalent control group. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes pilihan ganda sebanyak 20 butir soal. Tekhnik pengolahan dan analisis data menggunakan uji prasyarat yang terdiri dari uji normalitas dan uji homogenitas, untuk uji hipotesis menggunakan anacova (Analysis of Covariance). Berdasarkan hasil analisis data didapatkan nilai posstest kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi dibanding kelas kontrol dengan rata-rata kelas eksperimen 73 dan kelas kontrol 61. Berdasarkan hasil uji hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa nilai signifikasi  sebesar 0,003 yang berarti lebih kecil dari 0,05, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan pada model Cooperatif Integrated reading and Composition terhadap hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas VII di MTs Riyadlusshibyan Batulayar.
The Effect of Using Virtual Laboratories Using the Guided Discovery Learning Model on Students' Conceptual Understanding of Static Electricity Material
Authors: Haeratunisah  , Doyan Aris , Taufik Muhammad
Published: November 2024

This study aims to test or examine the effect of the use of virtual laboratories using the Guided Discovery Learning model on students' conceptual understanding abilities in static electricity material. This type of research is a quasi-experimental study with a nonequivalent control group research design. The population in this study were all students of class XII of SMAN 1 Monta. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling with class XII MIPA 2 consisting of 28 students as the experimental class and class XII MIPA 1 consisting of 28 students as the control class. Before and after the treatment, both classes were given a conceptual understanding ability test in the form of essay questions that had previously been tested for their feasibility with validity, reliability, difficulty level of questions, and discriminatory power. The results of the initial test (Pretest) and final test (Posttest) of conceptual understanding ability were analyzed for homogeneity and normality to conduct a hypothesis test. The analysis of the hypothesis test using the t-test obtained a t_count of 3.49 and a t_table of 2.00. Thus, the calculated t_value is greater than the t_table, so H_0 is rejected and H_a is accepted, so it can be concluded that there is an influence of the use of virtual laboratories using the Guided Discovery Learning model on students' conceptual understanding abilities in static electricity material.
Glycemic control and risk factors of mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus and COVID-19: A single center experience from Pakistan.
Authors: Jawahar Lal Langhani  , Zaheer Udin Babar  , Sunil Kumar Dodani  , Fakhir Raza Haidri  , Maryam Mushtaq  , Asma Nasim
Published: November 2024

Objective: To highlight the effect of COVID-19 and DM on each other by studying glycemic control and risk factors for mortality. Study Design: Retrospective Observational Review. Setting: Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation Karachi Pakistan. Period: March 2020 till March 2021. Methods: Covid-19 diagnosed patients admitted were enrolled. They were divided into DM and non-DM. Demographics, clinical variables and outcome were compared. Glycemic control during hospitalization was noted. Fasting glucose level >120 mg/dl, and random >200 mg/dl were considered as poor glycemic control. Survivors and non- survivors among DM patients were compared. Results: A total of 366 patients were included, 113(30.87%) DM and 253(69.12%) non-DM. Mean age was higher in DM group (58yrs vs 49.6yrs p <0.001). Significantly more patients with hypertension (p <0.001) and ischemic heart disease (p=0.001) developed Covid-19 in DM group. There was no difference in mortality (p = 0.295). In DM patients, the significant risk factors for mortality were age >60years, hypertension and chronic kidney disease. The mean high fasting and pre-dinner blood glucose levels at admission and day 5 were significantly associated with mortality. Conclusion: Diabetic patients with advanced age, hypertension and chronic kidney disease were associated with increased risk of death. More attention should be focused on dynamic monitoring and strict glycemic control as uncontrolled diabetes is associated with severe infection and mortality.
Comparison of mean postoperative decrease in hemoglobin level in patients undergoing transurethral resection of prostate with and without preoperative intraprostatic epinephrine.
Authors: Hafeez Sohaib Ahmad Warraich  , Muhammad Akmal  , Muhammad Tahir Bashir Malik  , Muhammad Saifullah  , Muhammad Sheraz Javed  , Suaiba Ali
Published: November 2024

Objective: To determine and compare the mean decrease in hemoglobin level from the baseline value in patients undergoing TURP with and without preoperative intraprostatic epinephrine injection. Study Design: Analytical Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Urology, Allied Hospital, Faisalabad. Period: Nov 2023 to Feb 2024. Methods: After ERC approval and taking informed consent a total of 40 patients with enlarged prostate and scheduled for TURP, having comparable baseline clinical and laboratory characteristics such as age, preoperative prostate size and baseline hemoglobin were enrolled in the study & were divided in two equal numbered groups called group A and group B, each having 20 patients in it. Before performing monopolar TURP group A patients were given 200mcg of intraprostatic epinephrine injection diluted in 20ml of normal saline (10ml in each right & left lobe) under transrectal ultrasonic guidance via the transperineal route, while no such intervention was done before TURP in group B patients. One pint of whole blood was transfused to the patients of both the groups intraoperatively and blood samples were sent to laboratory on 1st post-operative day to determine the postoperative hemoglobin levels of patients of both the groups. Data was entered on the designated pro forma for analysis. Results: Postoperative hemoglobin levels were significantly higher in group A patients (mean and S.D 11.83 ±1.01 g/dl) as compared to the group B patients (mean and S.D 11.00 ± 1.06 g/dl) with a p value of 0.015, and hence drop of hemoglobin levels from the baseline values were lower in group A patients (mean and S.D 1.28 ± 0.89 g/dl) as compared to the group B patients (mean and S.D 2.31 ± 0.98 g/dl), confirming a statistically significant difference with p value of 0.001. Conclusion: The hemorrhage associated with TURP can be decreased significantly by giving preoperative intraprostatic epinephrine injection. This is a clinically safe technique that can not only reduce the postoperative blood transfusion requirements but can also allow the operating surgeon to resect more tissue within the desired time thus increasing the efficacy of TURP.
Extent of iron induced organ damage in patients with hematological disorders.
Authors: Syeda Azka Waqar  , Mona Aziz  , Yumna Ather  , Amna Shoukat  , Rabia Butt  , Ghazal Usman
Published: November 2024

Objective: To determine the extent of iron induced organ damage in patients of Haematological disorders who are transfusion dependent, presenting in the emergency department of SZH, Lahore. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Emergency, Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore. Period: December 25, 2020 to June 24, 2021. Methods: A total of 100 patients aged 10-60 years, of both genders, diagnosed with haematological disorders, and receiving multiple blood transfusions were included in this study. Demographic details were noted including name, age, sex, diagnosis, duration of receiving transfusions and number of transfusions received per month. Patients were evaluated clinically for organ damage including pulmonary, hepatic, renal, and cardiac organs using Denver MOF score. Results: Mean age of patients was 35.33±14.27 years. Mean duration of receiving transfusion was 6.69±2.71 months. There were 67 (67%) males and 33 (33%) female patients. Primary diagnosis was Autoimmune Haemolytic Anemia (AIHA) in 18 (18.00%) patients, Aplastic anemia in 34 (34%) patients, Thalassemia in 37 (37%) patients and Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in 11 (11%) patients. Multiple organ damage was found in 23 (23%) patients. Pulmonary damage was diagnosed in 21 (21%) patients, hepatic damage in 21 (21 %) patients, renal damage in 20 (20%) patients and cardiac damage in 15 (15%) patients. Conclusion: There is a high frequency of multi-organ damage in patients of Haematological disorders requiring chronic blood transfusions. In this study, multi-organ damage was diagnosed in 23% patients requiring chronic blood transfusion.
Comparison of outcomes of index and interval laparoscopic cholecystectomy in mild biliary pancreatitis.
Authors: Hamza Babar  , Faiza Firdous  , Gohar Rasheed  , Sarmad Arslan  , Sumaira Ashraf  , Sara Malik  , Syed Waqas Hassan  , Rubina Shehzad  , Jahangir Sarwar Khan
Published: November 2024

Objective: To compare the outcomes of index and interval laparoscopic cholecystectomy in mild biliary pancreatitis in terms of duration of hospital stay. Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Setting: Surgical Unit 1, Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi. Period: January 2023 till June 2023. Methods: Patients were being admitted with acute biliary pancreatitis and undergoing either index or interval cholecystectomy. BISAP scoring system was used for severity of ABP and mild cases were included. Study outcomes in both groups (index and interval cholecystectomy) were determined. For quantitative variables mean and standard deviation were calculated. Frequency and percentages were used to describe qualitative variables. Results: Total of 70 patients divided into two groups were included in this study. Mean age of the study population was 40.44+/-7.90 years. Fifty-three percent of the population had BMI in the overweight category. Mean BISAP score was 1.11+/-0.80. All of the patients included in the study had mild acute pancreatitis. The length of hospital stay was significantly associated with timing of surgery with p-values 0.045. Conclusion: The surgical outcomes of index and interval cholecystectomy in acute mild biliary pancreatitis are comparable. However, early cholecystectomy has shorter duration of hospital stay.
Association of breastfeeding and early cereal introduction with development of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children in Pakistan: Case study.
Authors: Ali Asghar Taseer  , Tahir Mahmood  , Sidra Sehrish  , Hina Ayesha  , Ubaid Ullaha
Published: November 2024

Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the association between type 1 diabetes mellitus development, breastfeeding and early cereal introduction in Pakistani children. Study Design: Case-control study. Setting: Allied Hospital in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Period: November 2023 to February 2024. Methods: Involving 220 children ranged from 2 to 10 years were selected for case (diagnosed with type 1 diabetes) and Control group (without diagnosed with type 1 diabetes). Researchers developed a questionnaire based on information about breastfeeding, cereal introduction and other factors associated with type 1 diabetes. Parents were requested to complete the questionnaire regarding their child, mother, and family. Results: The mean ages of children were slightly higher in the control group (6.2±5.5 years) compared to the case group (5.67±7.4 years). This research determined that a one-month cumulative increase in exclusive breastfeeding for the duration of the breastfeeding period decreased the individual risk by 47.8% to 13.9% less probability in type 1 DM case. Among cases, 47.8% of the children were exclusively breastfed for less than one month, which was very low, while in the control group, this proportion was lower at 30. 6%. Furthermore, more cases (22.6%) were exclusively breastfed for 6 months compared to controls (13.9%). Among cases, 45.5% of children did not consume formula, whereas in the control group, this percentage was lower at 54.2%. Additionally, a higher proportion of controls (39.8%) were introduced to the formula before 6 months compared to cases (30.0%). Cereals were introduced to 5.55% of cases and 3.12% of controls prior to six months of age. Conclusion: Children who were breastfed for a longer period of time had a lower chance of type 1 diabetes, while children who were introduced to cereal and other food at an early age had a higher risk of the disease. Extended breastfeeding lowers the risk of diabetes by offering important protective effects from birth.
Correlation between MRI and conventional radiographic findings in evaluation of osteoarthritis.
Authors: Aneeqa Noor  , Shaista Nayyar  , Salman Azhar  , Marryum Mukhtar  , Amna Khalid  , Huma Khaliq  , Muhammad Ahsan
Published: November 2024

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of X-rays in detecting osteoarthritis (OA) in comparison to MRI. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: The Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi. Period: August, 2023 to March, 2024. Methods: Total 350 patients consented to clinical interviews, physical examinations, standing radiographs, and MRIs. Standing, semi-flexed posteroanterior radiographs of the knees were obtained with proper alignment to accurately detect joint space narrowing. Manual measurements of joint space width were conducted by a blinded orthopedic surgeon using the Kellgren-Lawrence grading system. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 23, with frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations calculated for relevant variables. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed using a 2x2 table. Results: Of the 350 patients, 61.1% were up to 60 years old, and 38.9% were over 60 years old. Among those with positive MRI results, 70.1% also had a positive X-ray, while 29.6% did not. Cohen's Kappa was 0.377, indicating fair to moderate agreement. Sensitivity was 54.3%, specificity 82.4%, positive predictive value 70.1%, and negative predictive value 70.4%, with an overall diagnostic accuracy of 70.3%. Conclusion: X-rays demonstrated high specificity and moderate predictive values, but low sensitivity, suggesting that some OA cases may be missed if relying solely on X-rays.
Post operative outcomes of del-nido cardioplegia in adult cardiac surgery.
Authors: Ajab Khan  , Adnan Shah  , Attiya Hameed Khan
Published: November 2024

Objective: To evaluate the post-operative results for defibrillator use, length of hospital stay, and ionotropic support in adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery in Del-Nido Cardioplegia. Cardiac enzymes and potassium levels are measured before and after surgery in adult cardiac surgery patients in order to look for arrhythmias. Study Design: Observational Cross-sectional study. Setting: Afridi Medical Complex, Peshawar. Period: October 2022 to March 2023. Methods: 50 Patients were selected randomly by using Non-Probability Convenient sampling method technique. Results: In our study the mean age of patients was (50.92 ±9.429). Cardiac enzyme level post-op after 24 hours (67.3540±23.21292). Potassium level post-op group (4.5590± .65033), and length of hospital stay (8.58±1.486). Post operative outcomes shows significant association p value <0.05. Conclusion: This study concluded that Del Nido Cardioplegia is an intented and brief arrest of heart function, especially in cardiopulmonary Bypass surgery. Better myocardial protection is provided by Del-Nido Cardioplegia and it is very safe and effective process. It Provide good post operative outcome as are available in different literature reviews preceding our study.