bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rekayasa Pewarna Makanan Alami Dari Limbah Kulit Buah Naga, Untuk Mengurangi Beban Lingkungan Natural Food Coloring Manipulation From Dragon Fruit Skin Waste, To Reduce Environmental Burden
Authors: Ni  Komang Ayu Artiningsih
Published: October 2022

Dalam pengelohan makanan untuk Teknologi Pangan perlu dan dibutuhkan pewarna alami karena pewarna sintesis sangat berbahaya bagi tubuh kita, maka paling tepat dalam penggunaan pewarna adalah pewarna alami. Makanan yang kita lihat dan kita sering beli dipasaran tradisional dan mall-mall adalah membutuhkan zat pewarna,  tanpa pewarna maka segala jenis makanan maupun minuman tidak akan punya daya tarik bagi konsumen, karena dengan pewarna maka produk akan manaikkan harga jual disamping eksotik dan daya tarik dari makanan tersebut. Buah Naga dari warna kulit kemerahan yang menarik  dan jarang di manfaatkan, biasanya banyak yang dimanfaatkan adalah isi dari buah naga tersebut, sehingga kulitnya menjagadi limbah yang tentu mengganngu lingkungan dan pandangan kita. Lingkungan saat ini banyak sekali kendala yang di hadapi, salah satunya adalah sampah yang menumpuk dan berkepanjangan,  masalah itu menjadi delema dalam kehidupan masyarakat, maupun pemerintah dalam pengelolaannya. Karena dengan jumlah penduduk yang selalu berkembang  maka sampah juga akan semakin banyak dan secara otomatis membutuhkan penangan yang baik pula. Dengan adanya beban lingkungan  yang semakin kedepan semakin rumit ditanggulangi, dan setiap saat semakin menumpuk, maka penulis mengangkat salah satu limbah lingkungan yaitu limbah kulit buah naga, untuk di manfaatkan menjadi zat pewarna  alami makanan. Penelitian yang dilaksanakan menggunakan kulit buahn naga (hylocereus Undatus)yang berwarna merah merona, dengan metode ekstraksi dan hasil ekstraksi di uji laboratorium, dengan pengujian pH, uji sinar, stabilitas zat warna antosianin kulit buah naga. Hasil uji yang diperoleh adalah : pH 6 dan tingkat absorbennya  0.5445, sedangkan uji sinar UV pada hari ke6 menghasilkan 1.5566 nm (nanometer). Jadi kesimpulannya adalah pengguanaan zat warna alami dari limbah kulit buah naga bagus digunakan untuk pewarna alami makanan.
Pengaruh Elemen Ekuitas Merek Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Di Kedai Kopi “Gula Pahit” Kabupaten Rejang Lebong
Authors: Efrita Fitriyanti  , Dwita Prisdinawati  , Mira Yanuarti
Published: October 2022

Analisis Elemen Ekuitas Merek Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian di Kedai Kopi “Gula Pahit” Kabupaten Rejang Lebong (Oleh : Efrita Fitriyanti, NPM. 201802031, Dibawah Bimbingan Dwita Prisdinawati, S.P.,M.Si dan Mira Yanuarti, S.P.,M.P). Penelitian Analisis Elemen Ekuitas Merek Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian di Kedai Kopi “Gula Pahit” Kabupaten Rejang Lebong, bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh Elemen Ekuitas Merek yang terdiri dari kesadaran merek, asosiasi merek, persepsi kualitas dan loyalitas merek terhadap keputusan pembelian di kedai kopi “Gula Pahit” Kabupaten Rejang Lebong. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Februari 2022 sampai dengan Maret 2022 di Kedai Kopi “Gula Pahit” di Kabupaten Rejang Lebong dengan pertimbangan bahwa Kedai Kopi “Gula Pahit” menggunakan mesin terbaik kedua di dunia yang berasal dari Taiwan. Analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah uji Regresi Linear Berganda uji T dan uji F terhadap 30 konsumen Kedai Kopi “Gula Pahit” di Kabupaten Rejang Lebong. Berdasarkan output “Test Statistic”, diketahui Asymp. Sig (2-tailed) X1 bernilai 0,014,X2 bernilai 0,034,X3 bernilai 0,025 dan X4 bernilai 0,000 lebih kecil dari < 0,05, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Kesadaran Merek,Asosiasi Merek,Persepsi Kualitas dan Loyalitas Merek mempunyai pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian pada Kedai Kopi “Gula Pahit”, maka dapat disimpulkan H0 ditolak dan H1,H2,H3 dan H4 diterima. Pada tabel statistic didapat nilai F hitung adalah 1115,656 sedangkan nilai F tabel dengan alpha 5% atau 0,05 nilainya 2,76. Sedangkan pada nilai Asymp. Sig (2 tailed) diperoleh 0,000 dikarenakan F hitung > F tabel yaitu 1115,656 > 2,76 atau nilai signifikasi 0,000 < 0,05 sesuai dengan pengujian statistik yang digunakan maka H0 ditolak dan H5 diterima.
Analisa Perbandingan Perencanaan Tebal Perkerasan Lentur Metode AASHTO 1993 Dan Tebal Perkerasan Lentur Metode Bina Marga 2017
Authors: Aris Krisdiyanto  , Kemmala Dewi  , Moh .Arif Wijayanto
Published: October 2022

Metode perhitungan merupakan salah satu faktor dalam mendesain tebal perkerasan lentur jalan baru. Ada beberapa metode mendesain tebal perkerasan lentur jalan, namun untuk penelitian ini digunakan dua metode mendesain tebal perkerasan lentur yaitu metode yang disediakan oleh American Association of State Highway Traffic Officials (AASHTO) dan metode untuk Indonesia sendiri ditetapkan oleh Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum melalui Direktorat Jendral Bina Marga. Kedua metode tersebut memiliki parameter-parameter data yang sama yaitu beban lalu lintas, CBR tanah dasar, R, ZR, S0, IP0, IPt, ΔPsi, koefisien drainase dan material lapis perkerasan. Akan tetapi kedua metode ini memiliki perbedaan dalam teknis perhitungan tebal perkerasan lentur jalan. Hasil yang didapat berupa perbedaan tebal perkerasan lentur dimana metode AASHTO 1993 mendapatkan nilai tebal perkerasan yaitu: lapis permukaan (Laston MS 590) 5 cm, lapis pondasi atas (Agregat Kelas A) 15 cm, lapis pondasi bawah (Sirtu Kelas B) 15 cm. Sedangkan untuk metode Bina Marga 2017 mendapatkan nilai tebal perkerasan yaitu: AC-WC 5 cm, AC-BC 6 cm, AC Base 16 cm, CTB 15 cm dan lapis pondasi Agregat Kelas A 15 cm. Dengan hasil tebal perkerasan lentur yang berbeda, didapatkan juga perbedaan biaya Rencana Anggaran Biaya, dimana metode AASHTO 1993 mengeluarkan biaya sebesar Rp 23.796.382.000,00 sedangkan metode Bina Marga 2017 mengeluarkan biaya sebesar Rp 51.289.817.000,00. Selisih dari kedua metode tersebut adalah Rp 27.493.435.000,00.
Entre réseau et territoire. Passages clandestins à travers la frontière franco-espagnole dans les années 1870
Authors: Dupont Alexandre
Published: October 2022

Entre réseau et territoire. Passages clandestins à travers la frontière franco-espagnole dans les années 1870 — En se penchant sur l’acheminement de combattants français et espagnols pour rejoindre l’armée carliste en Espagne pendant la guerre civile de 1872-1876, cet article réfléchit aux différentes modalités, échelles et significations du passage clandestin de la frontière pour raisons politiques au XIXe siècle. L’objectif est de montrer comment cette traversée de la frontière acquiert une importance cruciale dans le fonctionnement d’un mouvement de solidarité transnationale, ce qui exige la mise en place de filières de passage efficaces, qui constituent le point de confluence entre des espaces sociaux et des échelles du politique très différentes. En dernier lieu, la réflexion se penche aussi sur l’articulation entre ces différentes échelles politiques de la frontière.
Des tueries horribles ? Les violences religieuses dans la France du XVIe siècle selon les mémorialistes
Authors: Ropp Laurent
Published: October 2022

Des tueries horribles ? Les violences religieuses dans la France du XVIe siècle selon les mémorialistes – Les mémoires rédigés par des témoins des affrontements confessionnels du XVIe siècle français constituent des sources particulièrement adaptées pour saisir les seuils de tolérances de contemporains aux massacres religieux. Ils livrent un large éventail de réactions, de la ferme condamnation d’abus à la justification de violences, en passant par un certain malaise vis-à-vis des tueries. Lorsque celles-ci sont dénoncées, les narrateurs mettent en valeur leur caractère extrême et la malheureuse rupture de la paix que les actes de brutalité engendrent. Mais les réactions différenciées des mémorialistes face à des massacres commis dans des circonstances similaires suggère l’existence d’autres facteurs permettant d’expliquer pourquoi ces gestes apparaissent comme des horreurs. L’étude comparative des mémoires révèle le rôle de l’identité religieuse de l’auteur, plus ou moins affirmée, et de la période de rédaction : les textes qui expriment un dépassement du seuil de tolérance directement lié à la confession des victimes sont rédigés pendant les affrontements et marqués par la piété de leurs auteurs tandis que les mémoires plus tardifs et composés par des individus dont l’ardeur religieuse paraît plus faible livrent des condamnations de tueries qui ne sont pas orientées par une logique confessionnelle.
Du noble incestueux à l’honneur bafoué de toute une famille : les rebondissements des crimes de Claude de Tance au XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Delaporte Adèle
Published: October 2022

Du noble incestueux à l’honneur bafoué de toute une famille : les rebondissements des crimes de Claude de Tance au XVIIIe siècle – L’affaire criminelle de Claude de Tance écuyer sieur de Villaubois comprend une multitude de facettes et de violences. L’inceste, de première importance, marque l’histoire et l’honneur de la famille : en 1719, Claude de Tance est condamné à mort par le parlement de Paris et sa fille Marguerite à l’enfermement à perpétuité. Les biens sont confisqués et une grande partie de la seigneurie de Villaubois finit par être récupérée par les sieurs de Saint-Vincent, des cousins. La procédure criminelle permet de saisir la perception de ce crime insupportable, ainsi que son traitement par la justice d’Ancien Régime. De nombreuses autres charges sont portées contre l’incestueux : débauche, blasphème, avortement, violences et voies de fait, homicide... Criminel de haute envergure, ses fautes sont telles qu’il faut le faire disparaître. Mais le mal est fait : son honneur, ainsi que celui de sa famille, sont entachés et bafoués. En 1739, Louis Delanoue, gendre de Claude de Tance, et les sieurs de Saint-Vincent s’opposent devant le Tribunal des Maréchaux à propos de la possession de ladite seigneurie : ce conflit reprend à charge le crime de 1719 pour justifier les possessions, mais aussi accabler l’adversaire. Cette affaire sordide n’avait pas fini de faire parler d’elle. Elle permet ainsi de saisir les mentalités de la société du XVIIIe siècle face à une affaire monstrueuse, ainsi que les conceptions d’honneur, de dignité et de vertu définies par la noblesse elle-même.
Dans la tête du curé Bennenot. Le suicide du curé de Pompierre en Franche-Comté en 1689
Authors: Lemaire Élodie
Published: October 2022

Dans la tête du curé Bennenot. Le suicide du curé de Pompierre en Franche-Comté en 1689 – Sébastien Bennenot, curé de Pompierre, un village de Franche-Comté, se suicide le 10 janvier 1689. De cet événement ne subsiste que le dossier du procès fait à son cadavre. Notre principale question porte sur les motifs de son acte. Si nous ne parviendrons jamais à connaître les véritables raisons de son geste, cette affaire nous renseigne sur les perceptions de la folie et notamment de la mélancolie et de ses différentes formes. Elles constituaient pour la période des maux suffisamment importants et connus de tous pour expliquer l’acte le plus extrême qui soit. Nous les avons perçues et étudiées à l’aide d’une méthode bien spécifique du fait de l’isolement de notre source : la lexicométrie. Cet article propose ainsi son application sur un dossier isolé et sur un corpus réduit, prouvant son utilité pour la recherche historique.
Entre région et nation. Le développement de l’enseignement de l’architecture à Strasbourg (1880-1930)
Authors: Châtelet Anne-Marie
Published: October 2022

Entre région et nation. Le développement de l’enseignement de l’architecture à Strasbourg (1880-1930) — L’enseignement de l’architecture a connu deux formes différentes, l’une artistique, proposée par l’École des beaux-arts à Paris vers laquelle convergeaient des étudiants de tous les pays, l’autre scientifique, dispensée par les écoles polytechniques qui se sont largement répandues en Allemagne. Toutes deux ont pris pied à Strasbourg entre 1880 et 1930 par les créations successives d’une école technique par l’Empire allemand, puis d’une école des beaux-arts par l’État français. Les modes pédagogiques ont été utilisés comme arguments politiques, faisant de l’enseignement, et plus largement de l’architecture, un enjeu tout aussi national que régional.
Françoise de Motteville, une expertise indéfinie ou comment ne pas être théologienne. Autour d’une « dissertation » féminine sur la divinité du Christ
Authors: Gay Jean-Pascal
Published: October 2022

Françoise de Motteville, une expertise indéfinie ou comment ne pas être théologienne. Autour d’une « dissertation » féminine sur la divinité du Christ — Ce texte entend revenir sur la manière dont l’écriture et une compétence théologienne contribuent à la construction de la nouvelle agency religieuse féminine caractéristique du catholicisme français du XVIIe siècle. Il le fait en partant du cas de Françoise de Motteville, auteure d’un recueil de preuves sur la Divinité du Christ qui n’a jusqu’à présent pas fait l’objet d’étude spécifique. Le parcours de Madame de Motteville n’est pas celui d’une femme hors norme. Malgré son refus très net de l’état de mariage, elle habite les normes de genre comme les normes sociales et religieuses de son temps. Le Recueil qu’elle a laissé signale pourtant la manière dont son conformisme est précisément ce qui fonde ce qu’il y a de subversif dans son écriture et dans son rapport au savoir. C’est dans une performance conjointe de compétence et d’incompétence qui joue en permanence avec les limites qui s’imposent à elle, que le Recueil peut être une prise de position à la fois radicale et efficace – parce qu’orthodoxe et autorisée – dans les débats du XVIIe siècle sur le rôle et le savoir religieux des femmes.
Le voyage de Flohr (1780-1783) : à la croisée des mondes, des identités et des souvenirs
Authors: Hirstein Edern
Published: October 2022

Le voyage de Flohr (1780-1783) : à la croisée des mondes, des identités et des souvenirs — Manuscrit inédit rapportant d’importants événements, la Description du voyage de l’acclamé régiment Royal-Deux-Ponts en Amérique sur terre et sur mer de 1780 à 1784 offre un regard original sur la relation entre individu et voyage au XVIIIe siècle. Georg Daniel Flohr, son auteur, jeune soldat d’origine modeste, a produit une œuvre qui met en lumière une pratique inhabituelle exprimant le rapport des « anonymes » au dépaysement et à la mobilité. Le voyage de Flohr et son écriture sont deux moments distincts, qui marquent deux étapes dans le processus d’individuation de l’auteur. Membre d’un régiment caractérisé par sa germanité, l’empreinte de l’auteur est très légère au sein de son texte. Elle s’affirme en fait aux marges de son projet littéraire destiné à la relation d’une aventure collective. Ce texte, redécouvert récemment, offre nombre d’extraits fleuris permettant d’exposer certains mécanismes spécifiques de ce processus d’individuation, qui de prime abord, n’a rien d’évident. Le présent article prend en compte les ambiguïtés du récit, mais aussi son exotisme et sa candeur, pour mettre en évidence la prise de conscience de soi via l’écriture, grâce aux souvenirs.
La croisière d’Edith Wharton en Méditerranée (1888) : un avènement à soi ?
Authors: Bourguinat Nicolas
Published: October 2022

La croisière d’Edith Wharton en Méditerranée (1888) : un avènement à soi ? — Jeune mariée, Edith Wharton effectua une longue navigation en Méditerranée en 1888, parcourant en particulier la mer Égée. Le journal tenu à cette occasion resta longtemps inconnu des chercheurs et précède de près de vingt ans ses premières tentatives littéraires de récit de voyage comme Italian Backgrounds. Dans cet article, on cherche à reconstituer la logique de la venue à l’écriture de cette représentante de la grande bourgeoisie cultivée de la Nouvelle Angleterre. La volonté de dresser un mémorial de ce voyage voisine avec l’effort pour exister indépendamment de ses deux compagnons de route et pour s’affirmer sinon en tant que femme, du moins dans une forme de différence. Sans laisser apparaître une voix vraiment originale par rapport à la littérature de voyage existante sur la Grèce et ses habitants, le journal d’Edith Wharton témoigne de l’émergence d’un « je » et d’une prise de conscience de soi.
Construire À Strasbourg : architectes et avatars (1824-1914)
Authors: Hosseinabadi Shahram
Published: October 2022

Construire à Strasbourg : architectes et avatars (1824-1914) – Du milieu du XIXe siècle à la Seconde Guerre mondiale, Strasbourg a connu un développement urbain considérable alors même que l’Alsace oscillait de part et d’autre de la frontière franco-allemande. Ce fut un immense chantier aussi bien sur le plan architectural que politique. Quels en furent les bâtisseurs ? Cet article vise, d’abord, à offrir un aperçu statistique de ce millier d’architectes et d’entrepreneurs qui ont œuvré à Strasbourg pendant cette période. Il esquissera, ensuite, des profils-types de ces constructeurs, tantôt bien connus comme Gustave Krafft ou Fritz Beblo, tantôt moins, tel Paul Dürr, proposant ainsi une « typologie » des professionnels du bâtiment en fonction de leur origine et leur formation, et s’interrogeant sur l’éventuel impact qu’ont eu les « annexions » ou « rattachements ». Enfin, il tentera de brosser un tableau du milieu professionnel des architectes dont la corporation était alors, justement, en voie de construction. L’étude est sous-tendue par des recherches en cours dans le cadre du projet métacult dont l’objectif est de mettre en évidence des figures et les protagonistes des transferts culturels, en architecture et urbanisme, entre la France et l’Allemagne. S’appuyant principalement sur les annuaires d’adresses (Adressbücher), elle essaiera, nonobstant, de croiser les informations issues de ces publications avec la littérature existante sur les architectes de Strasbourg et sur le développement de la profession à cette époque.
Les Trente Glorieuses à Strasbourg à travers les revues d’architecture et d’urbanisme
Authors: Bolle Gauthier
Published: October 2022

Les Trente Glorieuses à Strasbourg à travers les revues d’architecture et d’urbanisme – À partir d’articles consacrés à des projets strasbourgeois dans les revues d’architecture et d’urbanisme entre 1945 et 1978, l’attachement des architectes aux traditions locales apparaît nettement. Celles-ci sont néanmoins bousculées au début des années 1950, par d’autres impératifs, notamment la nécessité de construire pour le plus grand nombre. Se dessine aussi, dès le sortir de la guerre, une scène architecturale monopolisée par quelques mandarins confortés plus tard par un pouvoir municipal fort et volontaire en matière de construction. Puis, ces hégémonies locales laissent place à un renouvellement idéologique et générationnel qui s’opère au tournant des années 1970. La diversité du tableau dressé interroge l’historiographie existante concentrée sur quelques projets exceptionnels, laissant dans l’ombre une grande partie de la production bâtie de cette époque exceptionnelle.
Mandalika Special Economic Zone and the Potential for Regional Economic Development of Central Lombok Regency through Investment
Authors: Alfian Alfian Eikman , Hadi Sulhan , Ismail
Published: October 2022

This study attempts to explain the various economic potentials created as a result of the domino effect of the development and development of the Mandalika Special Economic Zone in Central Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province by mapping regional potentials whose development can be accelerated with capital assistance from foreign and domestic investment processes ( PMA and/or PMDN), which consists of data on several potential sectors that can be developed and built by expecting funding sources from investment or investment from outside. This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection methods using literature studies and interviews. The results show that there are several sectors that have the potential to support the development of the Mandalika Special Economic Zone in Central Lombok Regency. These sectors include tourism, agriculture, marine and fishing, where the agricultural, marine, and fishing sectors are the buffers of the tourism sector in the supply of raw materials for the food and beverage industry. The findings also explain that, although developing quite rapidly, tourism-supporting industries such as accommodation and F&B have not been able to meet the needs of the tourism sector in Central Lombok, so the potential for economic development is still very wide open. Therefore, the right strategy by utilizing economic network incentives from the existence of SEZs in attracting investment can be relied upon to accelerate the development of existing economic potential.
Speech Recognition Based on Statistical Features
Authors: Hussein Jabbar
Published: October 2022

The requisition of intelligent devices that might classify a vocalized utterance have been skippering utterance research. The challenging task with utterance recognition models given for the language nature whereby there’re nope apparent limits among words, an acoustic start with ending are impacted through the neighboring words, also, with various talkers utterance: female/male, senior/young, low/loud utterance, read/spontaneous, fast/slow vocalizing proportion and the utterance sign could be influenced by ambient noise. Accordingly, utterance recognition was exceeding abound of such challenges. To avert particular problems, information steered statistical curriculum built on considerable amounts of vocalized data has been utilized. With this itemize, the aim is to reconnoiter creativity that has making these implements plausible. Utterance recognition and language comprehension have been two important reconnoitering antes thereupon has normally been logged nearer as matters with indicatively and audio vocal, whereby the domain for audio vocal data have stayed introduced as robust impact to the matter thru drib accomplishment. Hence, we amid about determinate methods to utterances and language manipulating, whereby a data around a talking sign and a language that it converses, adjoining thru valuable utilized of information, is established come from inherent recognition of utterance data thru an understandable math-statistical formality.
Spinal Cord Stimulation for Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Isagulyan Emil , Mikhailova Valentina , Ilyinski Nikita
Published: October 2022

Spinal cord injury is a medically complex and life-disrupting condition, associated with very high mortality rates (early death rates after admission range from 4 to 20%). In addition, it’s complicated subsequent severe disability due to the development of early or late complications. Today, in high-income countries, SCI can be viewed less as the end of a worthwhile or productive life and more as a personal and social challenge that can be successfully overcome. SCI can be divided into two types of injury on the basis of severity: complete and incomplete injury. Damage to the spinal cord may be traumatic (falls, road traffic injuries, occupational and sports injuries, violence) or non-traumatic (infectious disease, tumor, musculoskeletal disease, congenital problems such as spina bifid).
Perspective Chapter: Phenomenology and Legal Framework for Recognition and Responding to Prison Discrimination
Authors: Matijašević Martin , Radovanović Radovan
Published: October 2022

The paper analyzes the phenomenology and the international legal framework for recognizing and responding to discrimination. Members of the Security Service in prisons must know the legal framework for the exercise of official powers, but at the same time understand their rights and obligations, as well as the human rights of persons deprived of their liberty.
Contributions in Early Intervention Programs: The Case of Vision Community-Based Rehabilitation Association in Ambo, Ethiopia
Authors: Tola Bonsa , Negassa Golga Dawit
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study was to explore the contributions of the vision community-based rehabilitation association (VCBRA) in early intervention programs in Ambo, Ethiopia. In this case study, a total of 18 respondents, consisting of the VCBRAs’ staff, such as the program director, the manager, social workers, beneficiaries, and participants from partners’ institutions, such as Ambo branch organizations of persons with disabilities, Ambo University, Ambo town social affairs office, were participated in the study as sources of data. Data were collected through document analysis, interview, and close-ended questionnaire. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, such as frequency, percentage, and mean. In addition, data from document analysis and interviews were analyzed thematically and supplemented by narrative descriptions and verbatim quotations. The effectiveness of VCBRA intervention programs were assessed using a CBR matrix, and the finding uncovered that VCBRA intervention programs were found to be effective in general. Specifically, VCBRA seems to be more effective in the three intervention areas, such as health, education, and livelihood components, while empowerment and social components of rehabilitation programs were less focused. In addition, children and youths with different disabilities, parents of children with disabilities, and poor families were beneficiaries of VCBRA intervention programs. Further, lack of trained and diversified staff, lack of financial resources, low parent involvements, and the negative impact of COVID-19 were identified as the main challenges hindering the implementation of early intervention programs provided by the VCBRA.
Perspective Chapter: Having Heart – The Different Facets of Empathy
Authors: W. Newton Bruce
Published: October 2022

This chapter discusses the history of the various definitions of empathy and states two widely accepted current definitions for affective and cognitive empathy. The neural basis of different or overlapping cortical regions used by affective or cognitive empathy as well as sympathy/compassion are summarized, with the ventromedial prefrontal cortex as a probable common denominator for these emotions. Longitudinal studies of allopathic and osteopathic medical students confirm that women have higher affective and cognitive empathy scores than men, via the use of the Balanced Emotional Empathy Scale (BEES) and the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE), respectively. During undergraduate medical education, BEES and JSE scores drop after the completion of the first basic science year and after the first year of clinical rotations. Students with higher empathy scores tend to enter primary care residencies, whereas students with lower scores are more likely to enter technical or procedure-oriented specialties. The ability to partially blunt an affective empathic response to an emotionally charged patient situation helps to ensure the health care provider can devote all their attention to the patient vs. the provider being caught up in their own emotions. Affective blunting may also be helpful in preventing burnout, especially among women health care workers.
ICT as the New Age of Development of HR Management
Authors: Anguelov Kiril
Published: October 2022

Information and communication technologies are becoming increasingly important for the development of corporate management. This fully corresponds to the human resources management. Integrating various HR information systems with other information systems in the company (ERP, CRM, PLM, etc.), we expect a serious increase in efficiency of company results, which could lead us for a new age in HR management. The more and more elements of artificial intelligence we include in these systems, the more real this conclusion becomes. In this chapter, after the general review of the main achievements in the field, we analyze various issues related to the direction of development of information systems for human resources in terms of their applicability in the enterprises of the future (ENTERPRISE 5.0); the limit of the effective application of artificial intelligence in HR management; the main difficulties faced by human resources departments in implementing and using such systems.
Risk Perceptions Following a Substandard Vaccine Crisis in China: An Exploratory Approach to Substantiating the Tripartite Model
Authors: Wu Qiudi , Wang Xiao , Christine Huang Yi-Hui
Published: October 2022

Understanding the risk perception is essential to explaining people’s judgment and decisions during drug safety crises. In addition to affective and cognitive components, the experiential facet of risk perception captures “gut-level” reactions in heuristic-based risk judgments. However, few empirical studies have explicated the validity of the tripartite approach to analyzing risk perception or examined whether experiential risk perception is a conceptually sound construct distinct from the well-established dual-factor model. Building upon the tripartite model of risk perception, this study acknowledges the current research gap and compares three fundamental components of risk perception as well as their relative capabilities to predict individuals’ behavioral intention. Results of an online survey conducted shortly after a substandard vaccine crisis in China empirically support the discriminant validity of the tripartite model, which exhibits significantly better model fit than either single-factor or dual-factor models. A pretest-posttest analysis has further identified a highly controversial gap between experiential and affective risk perceptions: instructional risk message stimuli have provoked a significant change in participants’ experiential risk perception but not in the other two components. Moreover, three dimensions of risk perception reveal different patterns of association with behavioral intention. Implications for risk and crisis management are further discussed.
Integrated Lean Safety Model to Develop Organizational Safety Culture
Authors: Pandi Ammavasi Pal , Arumugam Kallarpiran , Meenakshi Sundram Anbu
Published: October 2022

The basic purpose of any business organization is to operate it with minimum risks and accidents. These contexts maintain safety culture in the organization in order to improve performance. The integration of Lean and Six Sigma along with existing safety practice may build a more effective safety culture, which may engage the entire workforce proactively seeking a healthy and hassle-free work environment considerably and notably reducing risks and accidents and mitigate the stress of workforce. This prompted the present authors to develop an integrated Lean Safety Management model (ILSM) for improving safety in workplaces. ILSM is an integration of Lean Thinking, Six-Sigma (DMAIC) and Behaviour Based Safety Management. The purpose of this chapter is to bring out the salient features of ILSM through SMILE approach and its credibility in meeting out the needs of the stakeholders regarding industrial safety and occupational health aspect.
Modelling and Dynamic Analysis of a Vehicle
Authors: Can Çiçek Burak
Published: October 2022

In this topic, modelling of vehicles, dynamic analysis and verification of both vehicle model and dynamic analysis will be elaborated. Vehicle modelling can be performed by either using simple discrete models, finite element models or rigid bodies that are connected with elastic elements. Element types of each modelling method and in which circumstances can be used will be explained. Advantages and disadvantages will be encompassed. After that, vehicle model will be evaluated in terms of dynamic behaviours such as mode shapes and natural frequencies. Moreover, damping parameter selection methodology will be elaborated. Consequently, model verification methodologies will be handled such as modal tests and dynamic load tests. How the model can be updated according to the tests will be briefly explained.
Aerobiology in the Clinics of Pollen Allergy
Authors: Zemmer Franziska , Ozkaragoz Fatih
Published: October 2022

Diagnosis and treatment of pollen allergies is facilitated by the cooperation between the allergist and the aerobiologist. The selection of relevant allergens for in vivo diagnosis, the interpretation of results, the timing of trials, and treatments should be related to the local pollen season, abiotic variables, and the patient history. Meteorological aspects and flowering dynamics of plants condition the course of the pollen season each year. Pollen forecasting integrates weather data with long- and short-term pollen data. Crowdsourced patient symptoms are used to delineate pollen threshold loads in the forecast. Integrating aerobiological expertise warrants the success of allergy diagnostics and treatment.
Extended Lattice Light-Sheet with Incoherent Holography
Authors: Potcoava Mariana , Mann Christopher , Art Jonathan , Alford Simon
Published: October 2022

Recently, lattice light-sheet instruments and imaging technology have shown a great improvement in exploring the dynamics of life at subcellular resolution. However, to reconstruct 3-dimensional structures the objective lens or the sample stage are invariably moved. Invention of incoherent holography lattice light-sheet (IHLLS) using FINCH provides quantitative information on the state and size of subcellular changes of neurons over the visible spectrum. The technique allows both faster three-dimensional amplitude as well as phase imaging without moving either sample stage or the detection objective. Amplitude and phase measurements provide intrinsic instrumental simplicity, larger scanning area, and higher resolution when compared to the original LLS schemes. IHLLS is built as an additional detection arm of an original lattice light-sheet (LLS) system. In this chapter, we review the evolution of IHLLS to address its feasibility and limitations.
Evaluation of Recycled Carbon Black (r-CB) Based on Styrene Butadiene Rubber, Natural Rubber and Nitrile Rubber Compounds
Authors: bin Samsuri Azemi
Published: October 2022

The enormous accumulation of used tyres has long been a threat to the environment. Pyrolysis is a process of chemically decomposing organic materials at elevated temperatures above 430°C in the absence of oxygen. Pyrolysis can be used to reprocess the tyres into fuel gas, oils, solid residue (char) and low-grade carbon black, which cannot be used in tyre manufacture. Rubber compounds containing r-CB were prepared based on Styrene Butadiene Rubber, Natural Rubber and Nitrile Rubber. Specific formulations were selected for each of the rubber. Natural Rubber was mixed with r-CB to produce pre-cured tread compound for retreading, Nitrile Rubber was mixed with r-CB to produce hose and seals compounds, and finally, r-CB was compounded in accordance to the Standard Test Methods for Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Recipe and Evaluation Procedures. The quality and performance of r-CB in these rubber compounds were compared with the commercial virgin carbon black. The results show that r-CB matches the quality of virgin carbon black such as High Abrasion Furnace (N330) and Fast Extrusion Furnace (FEF, N550) in terms of hardness, tensile strength, abrasion resistance and other relevant physical properties. The prospects of r-CB are very bright and promising. The challenges ahead are to maintain high quality of r-CB, to be competitive in cost in relation to virgin carbon black.
Oriented Attachment Crystal Growth Dynamics of Anisotropic One-dimensional Metal/Metal Oxide Nanostructures: Mechanism, Evidence, and Challenges
Authors: Pathiraja Gayani , Obare Sherine , Rathnayake Hemali
Published: October 2022

One-dimensional (1D) inorganic metal/metal oxide nanostructures are of significant interest due to their distinctive physical and chemical properties that are beneficial for various applications. A fundamental understanding of the guiding principles that control the anisotropy and the size of the nanostructures is essential toward developing the building blocks for the fabrication of leading-edge miniaturized devices. Oriented attachment (OA) crystal growth mechanism has been recognized as an effective mechanism for producing 1D anisotropic nanostructures. However, a limited understanding of the OA mechanism could impede the controlled fabrication of 1D nanostructures. This chapter provides a comprehensive summary on recent advances of the OA mechanism and the current state of the art on various in-situ, ex-situ, and theoretical investigations of OA-based crystal growth dynamics as well as the shape and size-controlled kinetics. Other competing crystal growth mechanisms, including seed-mediated growth and Ostwald ripening (OR), are also described. Further, we thoroughly discuss the knowledge gap in current OA kinetic models and the necessity of new kinetic models to elucidate the elongation growth of anisotropic nanostructures. Finally, we provide the current limitations, challenges for the understanding of crystal growth dynamics, and future perspectives to amplify the contributions for the controlled self-assembled 1D nanostructures. This chapter will lay the foundation toward designing novel complex anisotropic materials for future smart devices.
Updates to Thoracic Procedures: Perioperative Care and Anesthetic Considerations
Authors: Pellechi James , DuBois Sean , Harrison Meredith
Published: October 2022

Thoracic surgery is a rapidly evolving field, as is the perioperative and anesthetic care of patients undergoing major thoracic surgery. As surgical techniques continue to evolve, new guidelines are needed to help standardize patient care. To this end, Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols were created and have seen increasingly widespread adoption within the field of thoracic surgery. Despite their name, the scope of these protocols includes not only the postoperative period, but also helps guide care in the preoperative and intraoperative periods. Thus, ERAS pathways are relevant to both thoracic surgeons and anesthesiologists. This chapter aims to summarize current guidelines for managing patients undergoing thoracic surgery (from the preoperative period all the way through to postoperative care) by discussing recent updates within the field as well as some more well established tenets that remain relevant to the topic.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Beyond Conventional Indications
Authors: M. Zaaqoq Akram , Gabrial Mariam , J. Dalton Heidi
Published: October 2022

Over the last several years, the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has exponentially increased. As the technology advanced, the rate of devastating complications has decreased somewhat, and the utility of ECMO has expanded beyond its conventional uses in cardiogenic shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Currently, ECMO can be deployed in the perioperative period with high-risk surgeries where cardiac or respiratory compromise is anticipated. Moreover, it can be utilized in difficult airway patients or patients undergoing airway surgeries, thoracic surgery patients, trauma victims and many other conditions previously excluded. The aim of this review is to highlight the ECMO-patient interaction, the indications for ECMO in the non-cardiac surgery population, ECMO management and potential complications.
The Insulin Journey in the Human Body
Authors: Infante Marco
Published: October 2022

Insulin represents the paramount anabolic hormone and the master regulator of glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism. This chapter describes the sequential stages of the physiologic journey of insulin in the human body, from its synthesis/secretion to its action in peripheral tissues and, ultimately, to its clearance and degradation. These stages include i) insulin synthesis and release from pancreatic beta cells; ii) insulin first-pass metabolism and partial clearance in the liver; iii) insulin action on the vasculature and exit from the capillary beds; iv) insulin action in peripheral and central target tissues (skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, liver, and central nervous system); and v) final insulin degradation in the kidney. Each of these stages is regulated by complex intracellular mechanisms that take place in different tissues and allow for the anabolic actions of insulin. Understanding the abovementioned stages is pivotal to comprehending the clinical consequences of impaired insulin secretion and action, as defects in one or more of these stages can be associated with the development of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Additionally, a thorough knowledge of the insulin bodily journey can assist clinicians in therapeutic decision-making for diabetic patients on exogenous insulin therapy in different clinical settings.
Trend Analysis of Streamflow and Rainfall in the Kosi River Basin of Mid-Himalaya of Kumaon Region, Uttarakhand
Authors: Kumar Utkarsh , Rashmi  , Kumar Singh Dhirendra , Chandra Panday Suresh , Parihar Manoj , Kumar Bisht Jaideep , Kant Lakshmi
Published: October 2022

Due to climate change phenomenon and substantial decrease in water resources, analyzing the streamflow trend is of significant importance. In the present study, investigation was carried out to find rainfall and streamflow trends in the Kosi river watershed at different timescales from 1986 to 2016. Kosi river is one of the principal rivers in the Kumaon region. The different methods employed for trend detection of streamflow and rainfall were the Mann–Kendall (MK) test and the Sen’s slope (SS) estimator. Results showed a statistically significant decreasing trend in pre-monsoonal and annual rainfall with a Sen’s slope of -2.27 and -1.49 mm/year, respectively. The decreasing trends in pre-monsoon, post-monsoon, and winter streamflow were found during 1986–2016, which were not statistically significant. The results of the study help in understanding the variation and availability of rainfall and streamflow in different seasons of the year and motivate to adopt effective water management and agricultural practices for rainfed hills.
Degradation Analysis of Silicone as Encapsulation and Molding Material in High Power LEDs
Authors: Shabir Abdul , Ming Tan Cher
Published: October 2022

Applications of LEDs have increased significantly, and increasing outdoor applications are observed. Some outdoor applications require high reliability as their failure can lead to hazardous consequences. Examples are their applications in automotive, street lamp lighting etc. To ensure the reliability of LEDs in outdoor applications, reliability test that include humidity on the LEDs must be done. However, it is found that accelerated life test of LEDs at high humidity level cannot be extrapolated to standard condition of lower humidity as the mechanism of degradation depends critically on humidity level. In fact, the degradation of LEDs in outdoor applications is mainly due to the degradation of their encapsulation and housing materials (or called packaging material as a whole) instead of the semiconductor chip itself. The decrease in lumen is the results of crack and discoloration of the LED packaging material. Detail understanding of the failure physics of the packaging material for LED under humidity is needed for extrapolation performed at accelerated stress condition so that LED luminary reliability can be predicted. This chapter reviews the different types of degradation physics of the packaging material using ab-initio simulation with excellent verification from experiments. The method of extrapolation is therefore derived from the physics-based model after detailed understanding of the degradation physics of LEDs. The model also provides strategy for industry to prolong the usage of LEDs in outdoor applications, either through materials or operating conditions selection.
Principles of Biophysical and Biochemical Characterization of Root Vegetables’ Bioactive Proteins
Authors: Onisuru Olalekan , Racheal Onisuru Oluwatayo
Published: October 2022

The characterization of root vegetables’ bioactive proteins biophysically and biochemically becomes imperative as they play an incredibly important role in the discovery, development, and formulation of bioactive proteins as biopharmaceutical products. This is because bioactive proteins differ in terms of size, molecular weights, structures, and physicochemical properties. Biophysical and biochemical characterization employs several techniques ranging from simple to complex procedures to give insight into proteins’ high-order structures, functions, and biochemical activities. Owing to the increasing awareness and acceptance of the use of peptides and proteins of root vegetable origin as treatment agents against some debilitatingly chronic diseases, researchers are now exploring an eco-innovative approach to reduce their loss by getting to structurally and functionally characterizing them. Several biophysical and biochemical tools are employed routinely for protein characterization and some of which are ultraviolet-visual (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), circular dichroism (CD), intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence (ITF), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal shift assay (TSA), among others.
The Sustainability of Sugarcane Ethanol in Brazil: Perspective and Challenges
Authors: Henrique Dario Capitani Daniel
Published: October 2022

The chapter proposes to illustrate the challenges, concerns, and perspectives of ethanol production in Brazil. First, to give an overall of the sugarcane production and market conjecture, taking into account issues such as the public policies to promote biofuels improvement as well as those applied to energy markets and their connection (implications) with (into) sugar-ethanol market. Then, we propose the discussion of the challenges derived from sugarcane expansion from a sustainability perspective, as the environmental impacts, land use change and their impacts on crop productions and regional socioeconomics indicators, and the risk management strategies and tradeoffs between sugar-ethanol and second-generation ethanol-electricity cogeneration. Lastly, we bring a debate over the concerns and perspectives that are related to the development of this market, pointing out institutional risks that can affect strategies and competition in the production chain, such as policies to energy production, taxes changes, the increase in corn and sugarcane second generation ethanol production, and international trade agreements. Overall, there is an understanding that Brazilian ethanol production is following sustainable patterns. Currently, major challenges are related to the improvement of risk management strategies, as well as to create a more predictable scenario on the direction of public policies to the energy market.
Catalytic Conversion of Glycerol to Bio-Based Aromatics
Authors: U. Okoye Patrick , Duque-Brito Estefania , R. Lobata-Peralta Diego , A. Okolie Jude , M. Arias Dulce , P. Sebastian Joseph
Published: October 2022

Green application of biodiesel-derived glycerol will boost biodiesel production in terms of sustainability and economics. The glycerol to liquid fuels is a promising route that provides an additional energy source, which contributes significantly to energy transition besides biodiesel. This pathway could generate alkyl-aromatic hydrocarbons with a yield of ∼60%, oxygenates, and gases. MFI Zeolites (H-ZSM-5) catalysts are mainly used to propagate the aromatization pathway. This chapter presents the pathways, challenges, catalytic design, influences of catalyst acidity, metal addition, reaction condition, and catalysts deactivation on glycerol conversion to hydrocarbon fuels and aromatics. Studies revealed that time on stream, temperature, and weight hourly space velocity (range of 0.1–1 h−1) influences the benzene, toluene, and xylene BTX and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene BTEX yield. Acidity of the H-ZSM-5 could be tailored by metals, additives, and binders. Bronsted acidity promotes coke formation which results in reversible deactivation of the H-ZSM-5 catalyst. It is hoped that this study will promote intensified research on the use of glycerol for purposes of fuel generating and valuable products.