bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dropouts in Longitudinal Surveys
Authors: de Leeuw Edith D. , Lugtig Peter
Published: December 2015

Different types of nonresponse threaten the validity of longitudinal studies: first, initial nonresponse during the recruitment in the baseline survey and second, successive dropout at each time point. Dropout in longitudinal surveys has three separate sources: failure to locate research participants, failure to contact participants, and failure to achieve cooperation. In this entry, specific attention is given to existing knowledge on the correlates of dropout and strategies to limit the problem. To limit nonresponse, a total design approach is advocated with specific attention to each source. That is to limit both noncontact (i.e., failure to locate and subsequent failure to contact a located research participant) and noncooperation.
The
M
etropolis–
H
astings Algorithm
Authors: Robert Christian P.
Published: December 2015

This article is a self‐contained introduction to the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm, the ubiquitous tool for producing dependent simulations from an arbitrary distribution. The document illustrates the principles of the methodology on simple examples with R codes and provides entries to the recent extensions of the method.
Bayesian Inference ofMarkov Processes
Authors: Gómez‐Corral A. , Insua D. Ríos , Ruggeri F. , Wiper M.
Published: December 2015

Bayesian inference methods are illustrated for the most relevant Markovian processes: discrete and continuous time Markov chains, Poisson processes, discrete time continuous space Markov processes, and diffusion processes. Examples from biology, ecology, finance, and queueing motivate the discussion.
Initial Testing Does Not Necessarily Affect Eyewitness Recall Assessed by Specific Questioning
Authors: Migueles Malen , García‐Bajos Elvira , Aizpurua Alaitz
Published: December 2015

In eyewitness situations, open recall is followed by specific questioning about the witnessed event. We examined whether initial testing affects later recall of actions and specific details. After watching a video of a bank robbery, participants completed an initial testing phase that involved free recall, specific questions about the actions or details of the event or a control condition with no initial testing. In the final test, correct and incorrect answers, accuracy and response confidence for actions and details were analysed. Initial testing affected neither recall nor confidence. The participants were more accurate for actions than details. Response confidence was higher for correct than incorrect answers and higher for details than actions in correct answers. The results showed that specific questioning affects differently the recall of event actions and details and that remembering details increased confidence. Investigative interviewers can use this evidence when questioning information not reported in initial testing.Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The biochemical signatures of stress: A preliminary analysis of osteocalcin concentrations and macroscopic skeletal changes associated with stress in the 13th ‐ 17th centuries black friars population
Authors: Scott A.B. , Choi K.Y. , Mookherjee N. , Hoppa R.D. , Larcombe L.A.
Published: December 2015

Objective

As a chemical precursor to the hard tissue changes well‐studied in bioarchaeological research, osteocalcin provides a unique opportunity to assess stress via fluctuations in bone metabolism. The main objectives of this research were 1) to successfully extract osteocalcin from the Black Friars skeletal population; 2) to assess the diagenetic change between individual bone samples; and 3) to compare osteocalcin concentrations across sex, age, time period and macroscopic indicators of stress.

Methods

Twenty adult individuals were selected from the 13th–17th centuries Black Friars skeletal population with bone samples taken from the clavicle and femur. Total protein was assessed through a MicroBCA analysis with osteocalcin quantified using a Human Quantikine ELISA kit. Diagenetic change was assessed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the attenuated total reflectance method.

Results

Osteocalcin concentrations showed no significant differences between sex or age groups; however, between time period the post‐medieval individuals showed a significant reduction of osteocalcin in both the clavicle and the femur. There were no significant differences in osteocalcin concentrations between those with and without past stress indicators and only one significant difference among the chronic indicators. The diagenetic results demonstrated a similar degree of crystallinity between all samples.

Conclusions

While preliminary in nature, this study was successful in demonstrating the potential use of osteocalcin in future health‐related research and how the study of osteocalcin may contribute to a better understanding of how and when stress begins to affect the skeletal tissues. Am J Phys Anthropol 159:596–606, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Size Effect on Heat Capacity and Phase Transitions in Cu6PS5I Superionic Conductors.
Authors: Studenyak I. P. , Demko P. Yu. , Studenyak V. I. , Maior M. M. , Il'kovic S. , Reiffers M. , Timko M.
Published: December 2015

Polycrystalline Cu6PS5I is obtained by solid state reaction of Cu, S, P, and CuI in stoichiometric quantities (evacuated quartz tubes, 1.
ChemInform Abstract: Na4MgM2Se6 (M: Si, Ge): The First Noncentrosymmetric Compounds with Special Ethane‐Like [M2Se6]6‐ Units Exhibiting Large Laser‐Damage Thresholds.
Authors: Wu Kui , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie
Published: December 2015

Yellow transparent single crystals of Na4MgM2Se6 (M: Si, Ge) are prepared by sintering stoichiometric amounts of the elements (carbon crucible, 973 K, 50 h; cooling to 573 K within 5 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure and Photoluminescence Properties of a Novel Color‐Tunable Si1.92Al0.08O1.08N1.92:Eu 2+,Tb3+,Sm2+ Phosphor for Ultraviolet White Light‐Emitting Diodes.
Authors: Wang Yichao , Ding Jianyan , Li Yanyan , Wang Yuhua
Published: December 2015

Title phosphors with different doping levels are prepared by sintering appropriate mixtures of Si, SiO2, Al(OH)3, Eu2O3, Tb4O7, and Sm2O3 under a 20% H2/N2 atmosphere (BN crucible, 1.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Characteristic Properties of Superparamagnetic La0.67Sr0.33‐xKxMnO3 Nanoparticles.
Authors: Keshri Sunita , Biswas Sonali , Wisniewski Piotr
Published: December 2015

La0.67Sr0.33‐xKxMnO3 (x = 0‐0.15) nanoparticles (NPs) are prepared by sol gel reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of the metal nitrates in H2O and citric acid at pH 7 (adjusted with aq.
ChemInform Abstract: New Ternary Hafniumhalides: Cs[Hf2Br9] and Rb[Hf2Br9].
Authors: Jablonski Jonas , Koeckerling Martin
Published: December 2015

The title compounds are prepared in high yield by solid state reaction of 2:1 molar mixtures of HfBr4 and CsBr or RbBr, resp., in the presence of a small amount of Al (evacuated silica tubes, 450 °C, 2 d).
ChemInform Abstract: K2Pb3(CO3)3F2 and KCdCO3F: Novel Fluoride Carbonates with Layered and 3D Framework Structures.
Authors: Lin Yuan , Hu Chun‐Li , Mao Jiang‐Gao
Published: December 2015

KCdCO3F (I) is prepared by solvothermal reaction of Cd(OAc)2, KF, and TFA in MeOH (Cd:K = 1:16; autoclave, 180 °C, 48 h; cooling to 20 °C at a rate of 2 °C/h, 63% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Base‐Promoted Enantioselective Electrophilic Cyanation of β‐Keto Esters by Using Chiral Phase‐Transfer Catalysts.
Authors: Chen Min , Huang Zhi‐Tang , Zheng Qi‐Yu
Published: December 2015

Highly enantioselective cyanation of β‐keto esters such as (I), (IV), and (VI) is achieved using hypervalent iodine reagent (II) as electrophilic cyanating reagent and a cinchona alkaloid‐based chiral quaternary ammonium salt as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Fluorinated Tetrahydropyrans and Piperidines Using a New Nucleophilic Fluorination Reagent DMPU/HF.
Authors: Okoromoba Otome E. , Hammond Gerald B. , Xu Bo
Published: December 2015

Compared to established nucleophilic fluorination reagents such as Py/HF, the newly introduced DMPU/HF gives both higher yields and diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Benzo[d]azol‐2(3H)‐ones Using 2‐Phenoxycarbonyl‐4,5‐dichloropyridazin‐3(2H)‐one as Green CO Source.
Authors: Ryu Ki Eun , Kim Bo Ram , Sung Gi Hyeon , Yoon Hyo Jae , Yoon Yong‐Jin
Published: December 2015

Using title reagent (II), a number of benzo[d]oxazolones (III), ‐imidazolones (V) and ‐thiazolones (VII) and (IX) are easily prepared from 2‐aminophenols (I), ortho‐phenylenediamines (IV) and 2‐aminothiophenols (VI) and (VIII) in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Cyclopropanation with NMe4OTf and nBuLi.
Authors: Kuenzi Stefan A. , Sarria Toro Juan Manuel , den Hartog Tim , Chen Peter
Published: December 2015

The title reaction is performed on unactivated alkenes, including cycloalkenes and 1‐substituted alkenes, but fails using α‐pinene or 3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐pyrane.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzyl(triphenyl)phosphonium Dichloroiodate: A New Reagent for Coiodination of Alkenes.
Authors: Alikarami Mohammad , Farhadi Mansoureh
Published: December 2015

The title reagent is utilized as iodine source in the efficient, regio‐ and stereoselective iodoalkoxylation and iodohydroxylation of olefins.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric γ‐Allylation of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes by Combined Organocatalysis and Transition‐Metal Catalysis.
Authors: Naesborg Line , Halskov Kim Soeholm , Tur Fernando , Moensted Sofie M. N. , Joergensen Karl Anker
Published: December 2015

Branched and linear allylation products are obtained with excellent regio‐ and stereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzylic C(sp3)—H Perfluoroalkylation of Six‐Membered Heteroaromatic Compounds.
Authors: Kuninobu Yoichiro , Nagase Masahiro , Kanai Motomu
Published: December 2015

In this perfluoroalkylation reaction borane moieties function as both a Lewis acid to activate the benzylic position of heteroaromatic substrates, and a source of perfluoroalkyl groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling of Sulfonylhydrazones with Heteroaromatic 2‐Amino‐halides (Barluenga Reaction): Exploring the Electronics of the Sulfonylhydrazone.
Authors: Tan Hongyu , Houpis Ioannis , Liu Renmao , Wang Youchu , Chen Zhilong , Fleming Matthew J.
Published: December 2015

Novel reaction conditions are developed for the Barluenga reaction of ortho‐bromoanilines (I) and (IV) with sulfonylhydrazones to give ortho‐aminostyrene derivatives in good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Acetamidoarenediazonium Salts: Opportunities for Multiple Arene Functionalization.
Authors: Schmidt Bernd , Elizarov Nelli , Riemer Nastja , Hoelter Frank
Published: December 2015

Meta‐ and para‐ acetamido title salts are synthesized and undergo Pd‐catalyzed coupling and cross‐coupling reactions leading to various cinnamates, stilbenes, and biaryls.
ChemInform Abstract: A Heterogeneous Niobium(V) Oxide Catalyst for the Direct Amidation of Esters.
Authors: Ali Md. Ayub , Siddiki S. M. A. Hakim , Kon Kenichi , Shimizu Ken‐ichi
Published: December 2015

The first example of a heterogeneously catalyzed direct amidation of esters with amines is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: A Remarkably Simple Hybrid Surfactant‐NHC Ligand, Its Gold‐Complex, and Application in Micellar Catalysis.
Authors: Ruehling Andreas , Galla Hans‐Joachim , Glorius Frank
Published: December 2015

A combination of a NHC ligand and a structurally simple surfactant allows efficient Au‐Catalyzed hydration of alkenes in water.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogenation of Allyl Alcohols Catalyzed by Aqueous Palladium and Platinum Nanoparticles.
Authors: Di Pietrantonio Krystel , Coccia Francesca , Tonucci Lucia , d'Alessandro Nicola , Bressan Mario
Published: December 2015

Six different platinum nanoparticles and six different palladium nanoparticles are prepared and screened as catalysts for the hydrogenation of allylic alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu‐Catalyzed Direct Cyanation of Terminal Alkynes with AMBN or AIBN as the Cyanation Reagent.
Authors: Rong Guangwei , Mao Jincheng , Zheng Yang , Yao Ruwei , Xu Xinfang
Published: December 2015

The title reaction has a broad substrate scope, thus providing aryl, hetaryl, and alkylpropionitriles, and is applicable to diynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of (1E)‐Buta‐1,3‐dien‐1‐yl Acetate with Diazocarbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Nur Kubilay Hatice , Seyma Gungor Fusun , Anac Olcay
Published: December 2015

Novel cyclopropane derivatives are obtained by carbenoid reactions from the title acetate and diazocarbonyl compounds in the presence of two different catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Lithiation in the Absence of Aromatic Electron Carriers. A Steric Effect Manifested on the Surface of Lithium Metal Leads to a Difference in Relative Reactivity Depending on Whether the Aromatic Electron Carrier Is Present or Absent.
Authors: Kennedy Nicole , Lu Gang , Liu Peng , Cohen Theodore
Published: December 2015

The lithium dispersion reductive lithiation of phenyl thioethers, alkyl chlorides, acrolein diethyl acetal, and isochroman is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Arylation of Tertiary Benzamides: para‐Selectivity of Monosubstituted Arenes.
Authors: Yang Ze , Qiu Fang‐Cheng , Gao Juan , Li Zeng‐Wen , Guan Bing‐Tao
Published: December 2015

A highly para‐selective oxidative coupling of monosubstituted arenes with benzamides affords biaryl carboxamides efficiently under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of CF3‐Enones with Arenes under Superelectrophilic Activation: A Pathway to trans‐1,3‐Diaryl‐1‐CF3‐indanes, New Cannabinoid Receptor Ligands.
Authors: Vasilyev Aleksander V. , et al.
Published: December 2015

Title compounds (I), (IV), (VI), and (IX) react with arenes (II) in the presence of an excess of Broensted superacids to give chemo,‐ regio‐, and stereoselectively indane derivatives (III), (V), and (VIII), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper Catalyzed Enantioselective Alkylation of Pyrrole with β,γ‐Unsaturated α‐Ketoesters: Application to One‐Pot Construction of the Seven‐Membered Ring by Merging a Gold Catalysis.
Authors: Hu Yanbin , Li Yanan , Zhang Sheng , Li Chong , Li Lijun , Zha Zhenggen , Wang Zhiyong
Published: December 2015

In the presence of a chiral copper complex, the highly enantioselective Friedel—Crafts alkylation of pyrrole with β,γ‐unsaturated α‐ketoesters is realized.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective α‐Indolylation of Enals via an Organocatalytic Formal Cross‐Coupling with Indoles.
Authors: Hu Yang , Ju Lei , Lu Lin , Ma Hongmei , Yu Xinhong
Published: December 2015

An organocatalytic cascade process for the direct functionalization of indoles (I) with enals (II) in good yields and with high (E)‐stereoselectivity is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(I)/Copper(II)‐Assisted Tandem Catalysis: The Case Study of Ullmann/Chan—Evans—Lam N1,N3‐Diarylation of 3‐Aminopyrazole.
Authors: Beyer Astrid , Castanheiro Thomas , Busca Patricia , Prestat Guillaume
Published: December 2015

Regioselective Cu‐catalyzed Ullmann‐type N‐arylation of 3‐aminopyrazoles (I) with aryl iodides and the Chan—Evans‐type coupling of 3‐amino‐1‐aryl‐pyrazole (IIIb) with arylboronic acids proceed with good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Substituted Indazoles via Nucleophilic Substitution of Hydrogen (SNH).
Authors: Kouakou Assoman , Abbassi Najat , Chicha Hakima , Ammari Lahcen El , Saadi Mohamed , Rakib El Mostapha
Published: December 2015

The reaction of N‐alkyl‐7‐nitroindazoles with arylacetonitriles in basic media is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst‐Controlled Divergence in Cycloisomerization Reactions of N‐Propargyl‐N‐vinyl Sulfonamides: Gold‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 2‐Sulfonylmethyl Pyrroles and Dihydropyridines.
Authors: Undeela Sridhar , Thadkapally Srinivas , Nanubolu Jagadeesh Babu , Singarapu Kiran Kumar , Menon Rajeev S.
Published: December 2015

Starting from propargyl sulfonamides and 2‐bromoallenes an efficient preparation of N‐propargyl‐N‐vinyl sulfonamides is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of 3‐ and 4‐Iodopiperidines with Grignard Reagents.
Authors: Gonnard Laurine , Guerinot Amandine , Cossy Janine
Published: December 2015

A wide range of functionalized piperidines is efficiently and chemoselectively obtained using various aryl, alkenyl‐, and allyl Grignard reagents.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and General Aerobic Oxidative Cross‐Coupling of THIQs with Organozinc Reagents Catalyzed by CuCl2: Proof of a Radical Intermediate.
Authors: Wang Tongtong , Schrempp Michael , Berndhaeuser Andreas , Schiemann Olav , Menche Dirk
Published: December 2015

A new and general method for the concise C‐1 alkylation of tetrahydroisoquinolines is described.
ChemInform Abstract: First Synthesis of Novel 3,3′‐Bipyridazine Derivatives as New Potent Antihepatocellular Carcinoma Agents.
Authors: Yue Qiming , Zhao Yi , Hai Li , Zhang Tao , Guo Li , Wu Yong
Published: December 2015

Starting from 3,6‐dichloropyridazine an eight‐step synthesis of substrate (I) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐(Arylmethylene)‐1,4‐benzoxazin‐3‐one by One‐Pot Sonogashira and 6‐exo‐dig Cyclization.
Authors: Seo Jae Hong , Lee Dahye , Park Sunhwa , Yu Yosep , Shin Kye Jung
Published: December 2015

The novel method effectively combines Sonogashira reaction of electron‐deficient propiolamide (I) and successive 6‐exo‐dig cyclization to selectively provide (Z)‐isomers of 2‐(arylmethylene)‐1,4‐benzoxazine derivatives in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Access to Polycyclic Fused Azo[2,1‐b][1,3]‐benzothiazinone via Iron‐Catalyzed Cascade Reaction.
Authors: Huang Ling , Yang Jianguo , Xu Linzhen , Wu Xiaohui , Yu Lian , Bao Weiliang , Chen Dingben
Published: December 2015

The title benzothiazinones are obtained by reaction of various iodobenzoic acids with mercaptoazoles through C—S coupling and a subsequent in situ acidic amidation.
ChemInform Abstract: Negishi Cross‐Coupling Is Compatible with a Reactive B—Cl Bond: Development of a Versatile Late‐Stage Functionalization of 1,2‐Azaborines and Its Application to the Synthesis of New BN Isosteres of Naphthalene and Indenyl.
Authors: Brown Alec N. , Li Bo , Liu Shih‐Yuan
Published: December 2015

The regioselective Negishi cross‐coupling of the dihalogenated azaborines (I) followed by coupling with alkylmagnesium reagents is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Coleifolides A and B, Two New Sesterterpenoids from the Aerial Parts of Scutellaria coleifolia H.LEV
Authors: Kurimoto Shin‐ichiro , Pu Jian‐Xin , Sun Han‐Dong , Takaishi Yoshihisa , Kashiwada Yoshiki
Published: December 2015

isolation and structure elucidation of the title terpenoids (I), which show moderate cytotoxicity against a panel of cancer cell lines
ChemInform Abstract: Kororamide B, a Brominated Alkaloid from the Bryozoan Amathia tortuosa and Its Effects on Parkinson′s Disease Cells
Authors: Dashti Yousef , Vial Marie‐Laure , Wood Stephen A. , Mellick George D. , Roullier Catherine , Quinn Ronald J.
Published: December 2015

isolation and structure elucidation of kororamide B (I)
ChemInform Abstract: Achaetolide‐II Isolated from Helminthosporium velutinum TS28.
Authors: Arayama Miki , Maeda Hayato , Tanaka Kazuaki , Takada Noboru , Nehira Tatsuo , Hashimoto Masaru
Published: December 2015

isolation and structure elucidation of Achaetolide‐II (I)
ChemInform Abstract: Exotines A and B, Two Heterodimers of Isopentenyl‐Substituted Indole and Coumarin Derivatives from Murraya exotica.
Authors: Liu Bing‐Yu , Zhang Chen , Zeng Ke‐Wu , Li Jun , Guo Xiao‐Yu , Zhao Ming‐Bo , Tu Peng‐Fei , Jiang Yong
Published: December 2015

The title compounds show inhibition of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide‐induced BV‐2 microglial cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Vapor Deposition and Atomic Layer Deposition for Advanced Lithium Ion Batteries and Supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Xinran , Yushin Gleb
Published: December 2015

Review: 225 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzymatic Approaches to the Preparation of Chiral Epichlorohydrin
Authors: Jin Huo‐Xi , OuYang Xiao‐Kun
Published: December 2015

Review: 82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Tutorial on Oxidative Addition
Authors: Labinger Jay A.
Published: December 2015

Review: 31 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Industrial Age of Biocatalytic Transamination
Authors: Fuchs Michael , Farnberger Judith E. , Kroutil Wolfgang
Published: December 2015

Review: [81 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Application of Total Scattering Methods to Functional Materials
Authors: Mancini Alessandro , Malavasi Lorenzo
Published: December 2015

Review: 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanoparticles Made of π‐Conjugated Compounds Targeted for Chemical and Biological Applications
Authors: Xu Xinjun , Liu Ronghua , Li Lidong
Published: December 2015

Review: 125 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Emergence of Copper(I)‐Based Dye Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Housecroft Catherine E. , Constable Edwin C.
Published: December 2015

Review: 54 refs.
Slurry reactor system with inertial separation for Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis and other three‐phase hydrogenation processes
Authors: Savchenko Valery I. , Dorokhov Viktor G. , Makaryan Iren A. , Sedov Igor V. , Arutyunov Vladimir S.
Published: December 2015

An original inertial principle of solid and liquid phase separation and the construction of a slurry reactor system on this basis are investigated. A continuous operation reactor system ensures the presence of catalyst in the reaction mixture stays nearly constant while a minimum is withdrawn with the reaction products. The results of hydraulic tests on the developed system, consisting of reactors with volumes of 0.02 and 1.0 m3and equipped with mechanical agitators, are discussed. The effect of agitation velocity on the velocity of slurry moving in the circulation loop, as well as the extent of withdrawal of solid particles with the clarified liquid stream leaving the reaction system, are investigated in detail. Technical characteristics of the developed reactor system for industrial‐scale Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis, hydrogenation, and other three‐phase processes are discussed.
GPUSGD: A GPU‐accelerated stochastic gradient descent algorithm for matrix factorization
Authors: Jin Jing , Lai Siyan , Hu Su , Lin Jing , Lin Xiaola
Published: December 2015

Matrix factorization is one of the leading techniques for many applications such as social network‐based recommendation systems. As of today, many parallel stochastic gradient descent (SGD) methods have been proposed to address the matrix factorization issue on shared‐memory (multi‐core) systems and distributed systems. However, these methods cannot be improved significantly on graphics processing unit (GPU) because the serious over‐writing problem and thread divergence may occur. The fundamental reason for such undesired results is that GPU is a parallel single instruction multiple data device, which only can greatly improve the applications with fine‐grained parallelism. In this paper, we propose an efficient GPU algorithm, named GPUSGD, to solve the matrix factorization problem based on SGD method. The major advantage of the proposed GPUSGD is that such method not only can handle the over‐writing problem but also can avoid the performance loss caused by the thread divergence. The experimental results show that GPUSGD performs much better in accelerating the matrix factorization compared with the existing state‐of‐the‐art parallel methods. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that develops a parallel SGD method to improve the matrix factorization on GPU. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Aggression Regulation on Eating Disorder Pathology: RCT of a Brief Body and Movement Oriented Intervention
Authors: Boerhout Cees , Swart Marte , Van Busschbach Jooske T. , Hoek Hans W.
Published: December 2015

Objective

The objective of the study is to evaluate the effect of a brief body and movement oriented intervention on aggression regulation and eating disorder pathology for individuals with eating disorders.

Method

In a first randomized controlled trial, 40 women were allocated to either the aggression regulation intervention plus supportive contact or a control condition of supportive contact only. The intervention was delivered by a psychomotor therapist. Participants completed questionnaires on anger coping and eating disorder pathology. Independent samples t‐tests were performed on the difference between pre‐treatment and post‐treatment scores.

Results

Twenty‐nine participants completed questionnaires at pre‐intervention and post‐intervention. The intervention resulted in a significantly greater improvement of anger coping, as well as of eating disorder pathology.

Discussion

Results indicate that body and movement‐oriented aggression regulation may be a viable add‐on for treating eating disorders. It tackles a difficult to treat emotion which may have a role in blocking the entire process of treating eating disorders. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Effect of diet quality on chronic toxicity of aqueous lead to the amphipod Hyalella azteca
Authors: Besser John M. , Ivey Chris D. , Brumbaugh William G. , Ingersoll Christopher G.
Published: December 2015

The authors investigated the chronic toxicity of aqueous Pb to the amphipod Hyalella azteca (Hyalella) in 42-d tests using 2 different diets: 1) the yeast + cereal leaf + trout pellet (YCT) diet, fed at the uniform low ration used in standard methods for sediment toxicity tests; and 2) a new diet of diatoms + TetraMin flakes (DT), fed at increasing rations over time, that has been optimized for use in Hyalella water-only tests. Test endpoints included survival, weight, biomass, fecundity, and total young. Lethal effects of Pb were similar for the DT and YCT tests (20% lethal concentration [LC20] = 13 μg/L and 15 μg/L, respectively, as filterable Pb). In contrast, weight and fecundity endpoints were not significantly affected in the DT test at Pb concentrations up to 63 µg/L, but these endpoints were significantly reduced by Pb in the YCT test—and in a 2005 test in the same laboratory with a diet of conditioned Rabbit Chow (RC-2005). The fecundity and total young endpoints from the YCT and RC-2005 tests were considered unreliable because fecundity in controls did not meet test acceptability criteria, but both of these tests still produced lower Pb effect concentrations (for weight or biomass) than the test with the DT diet. The lowest biotic ligand model–normalized effect concentrations for the 3 tests ranged from 3.7 μg/L (weight 20% effect concentration [EC20] for the RC-2005 test) to 8.2 μg/L (total young EC20 for the DT test), values that would rank Hyalella as the second or third most sensitive of 13 genera in a species sensitivity distribution for chronic Pb toxicity. These results demonstrate that toxicity tests with Hyalella fed optimal diets can meet more stringent test acceptability criteria for control performance, but suggest that results of these tests may underestimate sublethal toxic effects of Pb to Hyalella under suboptimal feeding regimes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1825–1834. Published 2015 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US Government work and as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
A test of the additivity of acute toxicity of binary-metal mixtures of ni with Cd, Cu, and Zn to Daphnia magna, using the inflection point of the concentration–response curves
Authors: Traudt Elizabeth M. , Ranville James F. , Smith Samantha A. , Meyer Joseph S.
Published: December 2015

Mixtures of metals are often present in surface waters, leading to toxicity that is difficult to predict. To provide data for development of multimetal toxicity models, Daphnia magna neonates were exposed to individual metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn) and to binary combinations of those metals in standard 48-h lethality tests conducted in US Environmental Protection Agency moderately hard reconstituted water with 3 mg dissolved organic carbon (DOC)/L added as Suwannee River fulvic acid. Toxicity tests were performed with mixtures of Ni and 1) Cd, which is considerably more toxic than Ni; 2) Cu, which is less toxic than Cd but more toxic than Ni; and 3) Zn, which has a toxicity threshold similar to Ni. For each combination of metals in the binary mixtures, the concentration of 1 metal was held constant while the second metal was varied through a series that ranged from nonlethal to lethal concentrations; then the roles of the metals were reversed. Inflection points of the concentration–response curves were compared to test for additivity of toxicity. Sublethal concentrations of Ni caused less-than-additive toxicity with Cd, slightly less-than-additive toxicity with Zn, and greater-than-additive toxicity with Cu. One explanation of these results might be competition among the metals for binding to biological ligands and/or dissolved organic matter. Therefore, models might have to incorporate sometimes competing chemical interactions to accurately predict metal-mixture toxicity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1843–1851. © 2015 SETAC
Isotopic exchange on solid-phase micro extraction fiber in sediment under stagnant conditions: Implications for field application of performance reference compound calibration
Authors: Bao Lian-Jun , Wu Xiaoqin , Jia Fang , Zeng Eddy Y. , Gan Jay
Published: December 2015

An overlooked issue for field application of in situ performance reference compound (PRC) calibration methods is the validity of the assumption that both the sorption of a target compound and desorption of its corresponding PRC follow the first-order kinetics with the same rate constants under stagnant conditions. In the present study, disposable polydimethylsiloxane fibers of 2 sizes (7 and 35 µm) impregnated with 8 13C-labeled or deuterated PRCs were statically deployed into different marine sediments, from which the kinetics for sorption of the target compounds and desorption of the PRCs were characterized. Nonsymmetrical profiles were observed for exchange of the target analytes and their corresponding PRCs in sediment under stagnant conditions. The hysteretic desorption of PRCs in the kinetic regime may be ascribed to the low chemical potential between the fiber and sediment porewater, which reflects the inability of water molecules to rapidly diffuse through sediment to solvate the PRCs in the aqueous layer around the fiber surface. A moderate correlation (r = 0.77 and r = 0.57, p < 0.05 for both regressions) between the PRC-calibrated equilibrium concentrations of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis-(chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p′-DDE) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-153 and the lipid normalized levels in worms (Neanthes arenaceodentata) was obtained in co-exposure tests under simulating field conditions, probably resulting from slightly overestimated bioavailability because of the hysteretic desorption of PRCs and toxic effects. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1978–1985. © 2015 SETAC
Factors related to prevalence, persistence, and incidence of depressive symptoms in mild cognitive impairment: vascular depression construct
Authors: Kim Sangha , Woo Sook Young , Kang Hyo Shin , Lim Shin Won , Choi Seong Hye , Myung Woojae , Jeong Jee Hyang , Lee Yunhwan , Hong Chang Hyung , Kim Jong Hun , Na HaeRi , Carroll Bernard J. , Kim Doh Kwan
Published: December 2015

Objective

Depression is prevalent among elders with cognitive impairment. Cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMH) have consistently been implicated in late‐life depression and in cognitive impairment. This study aims to clarify the factors related to prevalence, persistence, and new onset of depressive symptoms in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods

As part of a multicenter prospective study, the Clinical Research Center for Dementia of South Korea (CREDOS) Study, we enrolled 590 subjects diagnosed with MCI and with no prior history of depression. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Korean version of the Geriatric Depression Scale short form (SGDS‐K) at baseline and at follow‐up visits. Brain magnetic resonance imaging was performed at baseline to quantify WMH using a visual rating scale.

Results

The baseline prevalence of clinically significant depressive symptoms (SGDS‐K ≥5) was 51.4%, and this feature was associated with younger age, lower educational achievement, and higher Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (CDR‐SB) scores. Persistence of depressive symptoms across the study period was significantly associated with baseline CDR‐SB and depression scores. New onset of depression (SGDS‐K ≥8; incidence 15.7%) among subjects free of depressive symptoms (SGDS‐K <5) at baseline was associated with severe deep subcortical, but not periventricular, WMH.

Conclusions

In patients with MCI aged 50 years or older, depressive symptoms were highly prevalent. Cognitive status was closely related to both prevalence and persistence of depressive symptoms, while new onset of depression was associated with deep subcortical WMH severity in this MCI cohort. Our findings provide prospective evidence consistent with the vascular depression hypothesis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of a Sublethal and Transient Stress of the Endoplasmic Reticulum on the Mitochondrial Population
Authors: Vannuvel Kayleen , Van Steenbrugge Martine , Demazy Catherine , Ninane Noëlle , Fattaccioli Antoine , Fransolet Maude , Renard Patricia , Raes Martine , Arnould Thierry
Published: December 2015

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are not discrete intracellular organelles but establish close physical and functional interactions involved in several biological processes including mitochondrial bioenergetics, calcium homeostasis, lipid synthesis, and the regulation of apoptotic cell death pathways. As many cell types might face a transient and sublethal ER stress during their lifetime, it is thus likely that the adaptive UPR response might affect the mitochondrial population. The aim of this work was to study the putative effects of a non‐lethal and transient endoplasmic reticulum stress on the mitochondrial population in HepG2 cells. The results show that thapsigargin and brefeldin A, used to induce a transient and sublethal ER stress, rapidly lead to the fragmentation of the mitochondrial network associated with a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, O2•− production and less efficient respiration. These changes in mitochondrial function are transient and preceded by the phosphorylation of JNK. Inhibition of JNK activation by SP600125 prevents the decrease in O2•− production and the mitochondrial network fragmentation observed in cells exposed to the ER stress but has no impact on the reduction of the mitochondrial membrane potential. In conclusion, our data show that a non‐lethal and transient ER stress triggers a rapid activation of JNK without inducing apoptosis, leading to the fragmentation of the mitochondrial network and a reduction of O2•− production. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 1913–1931, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Use of TachoSil® patches to prevent pancreatic leaks after distal pancreatectomy: a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled study
Authors: Park Joon Seong , Lee Doo‐ho , Jang Jin‐Young , Han Youngmin , Yoon Dong Sup , Kim Jae Keun , Han Ho‐Seong , Yoon YooSeok , Hwang DaeWook , Kang Chang Moo , Hwang Ho Kyoung , Lee Woo Jung , Heo JinSeok , Chang Ye Rim , Kang Mee Joo , Shin Yong Chan , Chang Jihoon , Kim Hongbeom , Jung Woohyun , Kim Sun‐Whe
Published: December 2015

Background

We performed a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled study to investigate the clinical outcomes, including postoperative pancreatic fistulas (POPF), after using the TachoSil® patch in distal pancreatectomy (NCT01550406).

Methods

Between June 2012 and September 2014, 101 patients at five centers were randomized into Control (n = 53) and TachoSil (n = 48) groups. In all patients, the pancreas was resected using a stapler with Endo‐GIA™ staples. The TachoSil patch was wrapped around the pancreatic stump only in the TachoSil group, not in Control group.

Results

The patient characteristics, including age and diagnosis, were comparable in both groups. The mean operation time (159.4 vs. 172.3 min, P = 0.081) and postoperative hospital stay (10.0 vs. 9.7 days, P = 0.279) were similar in the Control and TachoSil groups, respectively. The overall incidence of POPF was 62.4% (n = 63). The distribution of grades A, B, and C POPF was similar in the Control (n = 14/14/1) and TachoSil (n = 23/11/0) groups, as were the overall incidence (54.7% vs. 70.8%, P = 0.095) and the incidence of grade B and C POPF (28.3% vs. 22.9%, P = 0.536).

Conclusion

This study showed that the TachoSil® patch did not reduce the incidence of POPF after distal pancreatectomy.
BMP‐2 delivered via sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) improves bone repair in a rat open fracture model
Authors: Cheng Tegan L. , Schindeler Aaron , Little David G.
Published: December 2015

Human bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are an alternative to bone graft for the treatment of high‐energy open fractures. The standard delivery system for BMP‐2 is a porous collagen sponge, but we have previously found that the biocompatible, high viscosity carrier, Sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) is an effective and potentially less invasive alternative. The efficacy of SAIB as a BMP‐2 delivery system was examined in an open fracture model featuring a femoral osteotomy with periosteal stripping in 9‐week‐old male Sprague Dawley rats. SAIB containing BMP‐2 (SAIB/BMP‐2) was delivered into the fracture site during surgery and an additional group was further co‐treated with zoledronic acid and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (SAIB/BMP‐2/HA/ZA). These were compared to untreated fractures and SAIB carrier alone (negative controls), and BMP‐2 loaded collagen sponge (positive control). The rate of radiographic union and the biomechanical properties of the healed fractures were compared after 6–week. Untreated and SAIB‐treated fractures showed poor repair, with 53% and 64%, respectively, not bridged at 6 week. In contrast, collagen/BMP‐2, SAIB/BMP‐2, and SAIB/BMP‐2/HA/ZA showed significantly increased union (100%, 100%, and 94%, respectively, p < 0.05). Four‐point bend testing revealed that collagen/BMP‐2 and SAIB/BMP‐2/HA/ZA restored the strength of fractured femora to that of intact femora by 6 week, whereas untreated and SAIB remained less than intact controls by 60% and 67%, respectively (p < 0.05). Overall, the SAIB/BMP‐2/HA/ZA formulation was comparable to BMP‐2 infused collagen sponge in terms of promoting open fractures repair, but with the additional potential for less invasive delivery. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1168–1176, 2016.
Phytase‐mediated mineral solubilization from cereals under in vitro gastric conditions
Authors: Nielsen Anne VF , Meyer Anne S
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUND

Enzymatic dephosphorylation of phytic acid (inositol hexakisphosphate) in cereals may improve mineral bioavailability in humans. This study quantified enzymatic dephosphorylation of phytic acid by measuring inositol tri‐ to hexakisphosphate (InsP3–6) degradation and iron and zinc release during microbial phytase action on wheat bran, rice bran and sorghum under simulated gastric conditions.

RESULTS

InsP3–6 was depleted within 15–30 min of incubation using an Aspergillus niger phytase or Escherichia coli phytase under simulated gastric conditions, with the two enzymes dephosphorylating cereal phytic acid at similar rates and to similar extents. Microbial phytase‐catalyzed phytate dephosphorylation was accompanied by increased iron and zinc release from the cereal substrates. However, for wheat bran at pH 5, the endogenous wheat phytase activity produced mineral release equal to or better than that of the microbial phytases. No increases in soluble cadmium, lead or arsenic were observed with microbial phytase‐catalyzed phytate dephosphorylation.

CONCLUSION

Microbial phytase treatment abated phytate chelation hence enhanced the release of iron and zinc from phytate‐rich cereals under simulated gastric conditions. The data infer that acid‐stable microbial phytases can help improve iron bioavailability from phytate‐rich cereal substrates via post‐ingestion activity. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Simple and rapid determination of phthalates using microextraction by packed sorbent and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry quantification in cold drink and cosmetic samples
Authors: Kaur Ramandeep ,   Heena , Kaur Ripneel , Rani Susheela , Malik Ashok Kumar
Published: December 2015

A simple and rapid method using microextraction by packed sorbent coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry has been developed for the analysis of five phthalates, namely, diethyl phthalate, benzyl‐n‐butyl phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate, di‐n‐butyl phthalate, and di‐n‐propyl phthalate, in cold drink and cosmetic samples. The various parameters that influence the microextraction by packed sorbent performance such as extraction cycle (extract–discard), type and amount of solvent, washing solvent, and pH have been studied. The optimal conditions of microextraction using C18 as the packed sorbent were 15 extraction cycles with water as washing solvent and 3 × 10 μL of ethyl acetate as the eluting solvent. Chromatographic separation was also optimized for injection temperature, flow rate, ion source, interface temperature, column temperature gradient and mass spectrometry was evaluated using the scan and selected ion monitoring data acquisition mode. Satisfactory results were obtained in terms of linearity with R2 >0.9992 within the established concentration range. The limit of detection was 0.003–0.015 ng/mL, and the limit of quantification was 0.009–0.049 ng/mL. The recoveries were in the range of 92.35–98.90% for cold drink, 88.23–169.20% for perfume, and 88.90–184.40% for cream. Analysis by microextraction by packed sorbent promises to be a rapid method for the determination of these phthalates in cold drink and cosmetic samples, reducing the amount of sample, solvent, time and cost.
Comparison of the Performance of Two Bifunctional Curing Agents for the Photopolymerization of Epoxy Resins and the Study of the Mechanical Properties of the Obtained Polymers
Authors: Acosta Ortiz Ricardo , García Valdez Aída E. , Sangermano Marco , Hilario de la Cruz Adrián A. , Aguirre Flores Rafael , Espinoza Muñoz Jorge Félix
Published: December 2015

This work presents a new method for photocuring epoxy resins using bifunctional curing agents. These curing agents are tertiary amines functionalized with allyl groups. The tertiary amines can cure the epoxy resins by anionic ring opening polymerization of the oxirane groups while the allyl groups react with an added multifunctional thiol by the thiol–ene mechanism. The results showed that the produced polythioethers enhanced the toughness of the obtained polyethers. The kinetics of photopolymerization and the analysis of mechanical properties of the polymers are presented.
Influence of Novel Crosslinker on the Properties of the Degradable Thermosensitive Hydrogels
Authors: Lee Wen‐Fu , Lu Ying‐Yi
Published: December 2015

A novel degradable crosslinker, N, N′‐bis(acryloyl) cystamine (BACy), was synthesized with cystamine dihydrochloride (Cy) and acryloyl chloride. Then three series of degradable thermosensitive hydrogels with different crosslinker contents were prepared from N‐isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAAm), BACy (Bx‐series) or N, N′‐methylene‐bis‐acrylamide (NMBA)(Nx‐series) or equimolar BACy and NMBA (BNx‐series) as crosslinker, and diethoxyacetophenone (DEAP) as photoinitiator under UV‐irradiation polymerization. The effect of crosslinker content on the properties of the hydrogels such as swelling behavior and mechanical properties was investigated. At the same time, their degradabilities were investigated by dissolving them into different concentrations of cysteine solution. The results show that the swelling ratios for the Bx‐series hydrogels are lower than those for the Nx‐series hydrogels. But, after degradation in the cysteine solution, the swelling ratios for the Bx‐series hydrogels were greater than those for the Nx‐series hydrogels. When the crosslinker content was increased, all values of shear stress (τ), shear modulus (G), and effective crosslinking density (ρX) increased. But, the ρX values for the reduced Bx series and BNx series hydrogels were lower than those for original hydrogels. Results also showed that the ρX values for the Nx series hydrogel were not affected by cysteine. The disulfide bonds of BACy in these novel hydrogels were decomposed (reduced) in the cysteine solution and converted into thiol group. These thiol groups could be used to absorb some metal ions such as silver ion. Hence, the absorption of silver ion for the hydrogel with thiol group was also investigated in this research.
Implementation of regularized isogeometric boundary element methods for gradient‐based shape optimization in two‐dimensional linear elasticity
Authors: Lian Haojie , Kerfriden Pierre , Bordas Stéphane P. A.
Published: December 2015

The present work addresses shape sensitivity analysis and optimization in two‐dimensional elasticity with a regularized isogeometric boundary element method (IGABEM). Non‐uniform rational B‐splines are used both for the geometry and the basis functions to discretize the regularized boundary integral equations. With the advantage of tight integration of design and analysis, the application of IGABEM in shape optimization reduces the mesh generation/regeneration burden greatly. The work is distinct from the previous literatures in IGABEM shape optimization mainly in two aspects: (1) the structural and sensitivity analysis takes advantage of the regularized form of the boundary integral equations, eliminating completely the need of evaluating strongly singular integrals and jump terms and their shape derivatives, which were the main implementation difficulty in IGABEM, and (2) although based on the same Computer Aided Design (CAD) model, the mesh for structural and shape sensitivity analysis is separated from the geometrical design mesh, thus achieving a balance between less design variables for efficiency and refined mesh for accuracy. This technique was initially used in isogeometric finite element method and was incorporated into the present IGABEM implementation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The crystal structure of Z‐(Aib)10‐OH at 0.65 Å resolution: three complete turns of 310‐helix
Authors: Gessmann Renate , Brückner Hans , Petratos Kyriacos
Published: December 2015

The synthetic peptide Z‐(Aib)10‐OH was crystallized from hot methanol by slow evaporation. The crystal used for data collection reflected synchrotron radiation to sub‐atomic resolution, where the bonding electron density becomes visible between the non‐hydrogen atoms. Crystals belong to the centrosymmetric space group P
. Both molecules in the asymmetric unit form regular 310‐helices. All residues in each molecule possess the same handedness, which is in contrast to all other crystal structure determined to date of longer Aib‐homopeptides. These other peptides are C‐terminal protected by OtBu or OMe. In these cases, because of the missing ability of the C‐terminal protection group to form a hydrogen bond to the residue i‐3, the sense of the helix is reversed in the last residue. Here, the C‐terminal OH‐groups form hydrogen bonds to the residues i‐3, in part mediated by water molecules. This makes Z‐(Aib)10‐OH an Aib‐homopeptide with three complete 310‐helical turns in spite of the shorter length it has compared with Z‐(Aib)11‐OtBu, the only homopeptide to date with three complete turns.