bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Covid-19 on International Trade in China- Industry Review in the YRD and the PRD
Authors: Xu Han , Zhang Duoling , Zhang Zhenling
Published: February 2023

Since the Covid-19 pandemic raged on a global scale, the trade of various countries has been affected to varying degrees. China faces significant challenges as one of the top countries in international trade. Although the epidemic situation in most countries around the world has improved significantly and trade levels are gradually resuming, China's trade is still affected by the domestic ‘Dynamic Covid-Zero’ policy and cannot return to pre-epidemic levels. The Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta are the most representative economic zones in China, their import and export trade are greatly influenced. The authors examine various facts and information in order to solve concerns produced by Covid-19 and Chinese policy in a variety of industries in international trade, and they also give some solutions. In this paper, the authors focus on (1) the overall current state of international trade in China; (2) Chinese policy of the government responses to the Covid-19 (3) the current state of the textile industry in the Yangtze River Delta, data analysis, and internal and external challenges; (4) the current situation of the Pearl River Delta's electronics manufacturing business, data analysis, and internal and external challenges; and (5) possible solutions from the government perspective.
The Effect of Parenting Styles on Development of Adolescent’s Social Anxiety
Authors: Choong MinJun
Published: February 2023

Numerous researches suggest that parenting style has a significant impact on adolescents’ development risk behavior. The purpose of this study is to review papers that mention parenting style and social anxiety. The review supports the stand that authoritative parenting provides better influence on children than authoritarian and permissive parenting, which decreases the prevalence of social anxiety among adolescents. There is also a tonne of research to support the idea that parental actions and styles, including warmth, communication, and disciplinary techniques, are key mediators of outcomes like academic success and psychosocial adjustment.
Peer influence on prosocial behavior in adolescence
Authors: Feng Xueqiao , Han Ziwen , Zheng Siyuan
Published: February 2023

Peer relationships are crucial for the formation and development of prosocial behavior among adolescents. However, most studies have focused on harmful behaviors and risky behaviors of adolescence, and previous verifiable work has often focused on peer relationship influences for antisocial behavior in adolescents. The research on the influence of adolescent peer relationship on prosocial behavior is relatively insufficient, especially the lack of systematic reviewing articles. This article presents peer influence can affect the prosocial behavior by demonstrating social and prosocial behavior in adolescent stage, exploring the importance of peer relationship, decision information of peers and peer intimacy. Moreover, this paper reviews recent experiential studies to explain the mechanism of peer influence on adolescent prosocial behavior from the perspectives of social learning and conformity theory and gender differences. This paper builds a higher study basement for future prosocial behavior field. Limitations of differences between different prosocial behaviors, and the influence level from peers are also worth investigating in the future.
The Impact of COVID-19 on The Development of Online Education in Higher Education
Authors: Wang Qihang
Published: February 2023

Online education is an important research topic in the education field during the covid-19 pandemic era and post-pandemic era. Many researchers have researched online education through how teachers choose their platform, teachers' perspectives of the experience of online education, and students' perspectives of their experience with online education. However, how online education develops in colleges and universities using in covid-19 has not been studied much. Therefore, the topic of this article is to research how online education develops in colleges and universities during using covid-19. This article chooses data and literal from other papers and analyzes it to support it. This article shows that online education could become a regular choice for more schools in higher education.
Study on the Practice and Problems of Performance Pay in Chinese Universities
Authors: An Suchao , Yang Jingjing , Liu Jun
Published: February 2023

The implementation subject of performance pay consists of three levels: school, college and individual teacher. The research finds that the construction path of performance pay has some problems, such as complexity in control, extensiveness in connection and lag in incentive, due to the diversity of the subject's demands. Through the empirical study on the practice of performance pay in a university in Tianjin, this paper tries to put forward some suggestions for optimization and adjustment, so as to improve the efficiency of university governance.
A case study on gender stereotypes in a primary schools in Henan Province, China
Authors: Han Kang
Published: February 2023

With the development of The Times, gender education of students has been paid more and more attention. Good gender education also helps students to view themselves and treat others more perfectly. In order to improve the gender education consciousness of teachers and students in a primary school in Henan Province and promote the development of gender education in Henan Province, the author used an offline questionnaire survey and literature review to investigate the cognition of fifth and sixth-grade primary school students on gender stereotypes. From four points of view, the questionnaire content includes gender stereotypes on appearance, personality, career choice and function distribution in the family for males and females. The study found that some of the gender stereotyping tendencies of the participants were related to the participants’ own gender, while the binary gender stereotypes on family duties and responsibilities influenced each other. The findings revealed that participants who had stereotyped biases about the roles of men and women in the household influenced their perceptions of the responsibilities of the opposite gender.
Exploring Mobile Apps in English Learning
Authors: Fan Xiaoyu , Liu Ketong , Wang Xiangwen , Yu Jiawei
Published: February 2023

With the gradual integration of information technology in education, mobile devices have been critical tools to achieve informal learning in the domain of language. The application software uploaded to mobile devices with its characteristics of intelligence, personalization, game, and sociability, breaks the limitations of traditional learning methods in time and space and has been of great help to learning languages. In China, English as an International language is a compulsory course in elementary and secondary education, which is also important for college students who are required to pass English-level exams CET-4 and CET-6. Therefore, based on the literature research in the past ten years, this paper attempts to fully reveal the advantages and disadvantages of mobile apps for English learning and explore the challenges they face. Studies have shown that language learning apps have incomparable advantages: 1) user-friendly design, 2) wide-range available learning materials, 3) effectiveness in improving English skills and learning motivation, 4) effectiveness in aiding traditional English teaching. However, it still has some defects in its own design and practical use: 1) the under-improved feedback and connects functions, 2) the low-efficient Internet connection, 3) the not-so-good external environment for its use, and the insufficient utilization. This paper proposes that it is necessary for teachers, educators, and developers to make a joint effort in order to design more engaging and effective apps for English learning. It is also key to give guidance to students and teachers in order to achieve the full utilization of apps.
A Review of the Relationship between Internationalization and Corporate Social Responsibility in Business Operations
Authors: Yu Qi
Published: February 2023

In the course of internationalizing business operations, alterations in business strategies and deviations in the execution of corporate social responsibility may occur. Scholars both domestically and internationally have conducted investigations into the correlation between internationalization and corporate social responsibility, resulting in a range of theoretical outcomes. Grounded in the context of globalization, this paper provides a comprehensive and multidimensional summary of existing research by synthesizing relevant literature. Lastly, this paper suggests avenues for future research in light of current research limitations, and reflects upon and anticipates the developmental trajectory of the study of the relationship between internationalization and corporate social responsibility.
3.	Nowe kryteria oceny zagrożenia promieniowaniem widzialnym i podczerwonym
Authors:   Agnieszka Wolska, Kubica Jacek
Published: February 2023

Stanowisko Międzynarodowej Komisji ds. Ochrony przed Promieniowaniem Niejonizującym (ICNIRP) w sprawie zmiany wartości maksymalnych dopuszczalnych ekspozycji (MDE) dla niespójnego promieniowania widzialnego i podczerwonego, opublikowane w 2013 roku, wprowadza szereg zmian w zakresie kryteriów oceny zagrożenia tym promieniowaniem w porównaniu z obecnie obowiązującymi przepisami, które nie uwzględniają tego stanowiska. W zależności od rodzaju zagrożenia zmiany te dotyczą krzywych skuteczności rozkładu widmowego natężenia napromienienia oraz sposobów wyznaczania wartości MDE dla rożnych zakresów czasu ekspozycji i wymiarów kątowych źródła. Celem pracy jest analiza proponowanych zmian i wynikających z nich różnic w ocenie zagrożenia na stanowiskach pracy. Dodatkowo zaproponowano szereg modyfikacji w zakresie metod pomiaru promieniowania IR i VIS określonych w normie przedmiotowej PN-EN 14255-2:2010.
Podstawy oceny zagrożeń elektromagnetycznych podczas pomiarów pola elektromagnetycznego emitowanego przez diatermie chirurgiczne
Authors:   Krzysztof Gryz, Karpowicz Jolanta ,   Patryk Zradziński
Published: February 2023

Ochrona przed zagrożeniami elektromagnetycznymi powinna dotyczyć również prac podczas ich oceny, traktowanych jako jeden z przejawów użytkowania źródła pola elektromagnetycznego (pola-EM). Diatermie chirurgiczne zaliczają się do najliczniejszych źródeł pola-EM, które wymaga oceny w środowisku pracy. Przy takich urządzeniach charakterystyka zagrożeń elektromagnetycznych jest podobna podczas wykonywania ich oceny i podczas zabiegów medycznych – jest uzależniona od konfi guracji przestrzennej wyposażenia technicznego w sali operacyjnej (lub zabiegowej) oraz organizacji pracy zespołu pomiarowego/(zabiegowego). Jednakże warunki narażenia zespołu zabiegowego są determinowane w pierwszym rzędzie stanem zdrowia pacjenta, ale również wiedzą i umiejętnościami pracowników organizujących lub przeprowadzających zabiegi. Narażenie na pole-EM jest nieuniknione podczas wykorzystywania diatermii chirurgicznych w zabiegach ratujących zdrowie i życie pacjentów, natomiast podczas pomiarów przy takich urządzeniach można w znacznym stopniu je ograniczyć, opracowując procedury wykonywania pomiarów w optymalnym zakresie i warunkach technicznych – o ile pomiary takie są niezbędne do właściwego rozpoznania i ograniczenia zagrożeń dotyczących pracowników ochrony zdrowia. W artykule przeanalizowano wybrane aspekty tego problemu w kontekście wymagań prawa pracy dotyczących m.in. oceny i ograniczania oddziaływania pola-EM emitowanego przez diatermie chirurgiczne na pracowników, w tym oceny narażenia kończyn. Pomiary pola-EM powinny być zorganizowane w taki sposób, aby miarodajnie ocenić parametry narażenia zespołu zabiegowego (przy wielu urządzeniach osiągającego poziom narażenia niebezpiecznego), ale przy zapewnieniu bezwarunkowej tymczasowości narażenia zespołu pomiarowego, ponieważ prace pomiarowe nie spełniają kryteriów dotyczących warunkowej akceptowalności narażenia niebezpiecznego na pole-EM pracownika (jak określono w rozporządzeniu ministra ds. pracy: DzU 2018, poz. 331). W załączniku artykułu scharakteryzowano ramowe zasady organizowania takich pomiarów i zasady oceny zagrożeń elektromagnetycznych (występujących w różnych warunkach użytkowania diatermii chirurgicznych), obejmującej wykorzystanie danych poza-pomiarowych.
7.	Podstawy oceny i ograniczania elektromagnetycznego oddziaływania infrastruktury elektroenergetycznej do ładowania pojazdów samochodowych o napędzie elektrycznym. Program stosowania środków ochronnych. Metoda rekomendowana pomiaru pola elektromagnetycznego in situ – wymagania szczegółowe
Authors:   Huber Śmietanka, Gryz Krzysztof
Published: February 2023

Rozwój elektromobilności, czyli wykorzystania pojazdów samochodowych o napędzie elektrycznym, a także infrastruktury technicznej zapewniającej energię do poruszania się takich pojazdów po drogach (stacji ładowania), wiąże się z emisją pola elektromagnetycznego (pola-EM). Zgodnie z wymaganiami prawa pracy, pole-EM jest oceniane i ograniczane w środowisku pracy ze względu na zagrożenia bezpieczeństwa i zdrowia, jakie mogą być związane ze skutkami ich bezpośredniego i pośredniego oddziaływania na człowieka i obiekty materialne podczas zróżnicowanych warunków użytkowania jego źródeł (obejmującego m.in. rutynową eksploatację, kontrolę i serwisowanie), (rozporządzenie ministra ds. pracy: DzU 2018, poz. 331 (t.j.)). Omówiono rodzaje typowych stacji ładowania pojazdów samochodowych o napędzie elektrycznym oraz charakterystykę pola-EM występującego w otoczeniu stacji podczas ich użytkowania. Z uwagi na rozpoznaną możliwość występowania w otoczeniu stacji ładownia pojazdów o napędzie elektrycznym pola-EM wymagającego oceny ze względu na wymagania prawa pracy, opracowano rekomendowaną metodę pomiaru parametrów pola-EM in situ w przestrzeni pracy podczas użytkowania tego rodzaju urządzeń, spełniającą wymagania prawa pracy (rozporządzenia ministra ds. pracy: DzU 2018, poz. 331 (t.j.) i poz. 1286). Zaprezentowano również kluczowe elementy programu stosowania środków ochronnych dotyczących ograniczania zagrożeń elektromagnetycznych podczas użytkowania infrastruktury elektroenergetycznej ładowania pojazdów samochodowych o napędzie elektrycznym, wymaganych do zapewnienia pracownikom bezpiecznych i higienicznych warunków pracy w otoczeniu takich źródeł pola-EM.
Manufacturing of High-Pressure Temperature Composite Tube using Filament Winding
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed Abdelgadir Abdalla , Elsheikh Mohamed Talballa
Published: February 2023

In this study, a winding process for sixteen E-fiberglass composite tube was made. Before the processing, fiber had been tested for tensile strength for E-fiberglass and carbon fiber. Nine polymer matrix laboratory scale were made and analyzed using thermal gravimetric analysis (TG), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Fourteen wounded tubes were tested for burst pressure using hydrostatic test, to measure the performance winding process, matrix material, and winding angle patterns. The pattern (±45)6, 90, with resins EPN 1338 and E44, with curing agent DJ651 gives the best burst pressure, which was 11.3 MPa. The two last tubes were tested for high temperature using 85g black powder for the first tube, and 250g for the second one, producing pressure about 1.38 MPa, and 5.23 MPa for the first and the second tube respectively. Even with increasing black powder amount three times, the yielding pressure increased about 3.8 times in the second tube, while the composite tube outer temperature for the first and the second one was 48°C, and 71°C respectively, which just increased about one-half times.
Product improvement by cycle time reduction through Lean Methodology (Product Sh-3 as Case Study)
Authors: Hassan Hassan Abdo , Merghni Ibrahim , Elemam Mahmoud
Published: February 2023

This paper aims to determine and study the effect of applying a lean manufacturing approach on reducing cycle time in producing tube cases of the product Sh-3 missile. Since the tube case is the critical part of the sh-3 missiles set and it represents the bottleneck of a Sh-3 missile, the overall cycle time & increasing productivity is depending on it. Lean  manufacturing is used to obtain the best resource utilization in various fields, in military manufacturing case, there are special conditions of operation and manufacturing which need a special deal and solutions, using the same tools of approach. In this article, waste analysis,waste identification, and waste elimination were applied using (PDSA approach, 5s, 8 wastes, PokaYoka, visual management, Kaizen, SMED) tools, the optimum cycle time will be determined after applying this study and will be presented in terms of hours and percentage of the previous situation. Generally, the current situation shows that the tube case of the product sh-3 missile is produced in 51 working days with 8 working days between each product and other. The predicted results of this study giving about 10% reduction in the cycle time of the target product.
Efficacy Of Shleshmatakadhya Agad Ghanvati on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease(NAFLD): A Case Study
Authors: Gupta Vanya , Sharma Dr , Tiwari Dr , Dikshit Dr , Mittal Dr
Published: February 2023

Background: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is an emerging disease associated with metabolic dysfunction. The term Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) refers to a broad spectrum of conditions characterized by fatty infiltration of the liver, steatosis, steatohepatitis, and cirrhosis. Epidemiological studies suggest prevalence of NAFLD in around 9% to 32% of the general population in India with a higher prevalence in those with obesity and diabetes. Shleshmatakadhya Agad ghanvati is a classical preparation mentioned in Yogratnakara as a Sarva Vishani. Although specific mention has not been given about neither NAFLD nor of this preparation in Ayurveda, yet we have correlated it with Aamvishjanya yakrit vikaras regarding the same. Ghana (solidified aqueous extract) tablets were prepared for the easy usage and dispensing of drug. In the present study, an effort was made to evaluate the effect of Shleshmatakadhya agad Ghanavati, diet and lifestyle modification on NAFLD. Combined therapy of Shleshmatakadhya Agad Ghanavati along with diet and lifestyle changes led to the relief of most of the symptoms, with no adverse sign and symptom observed. Shleshmatakadhya Agad Ghanavati along with diet and lifestyle modifications was observed to be effective in management of NAFLD which was confirmed through Haematological profile and USG of the patient .
Materials and methods: Subject were a pre-diagnosed case of NAFLD and were administered Shleshmatakadhya Agad Ghnavati in Adhobhugta kala for 3 months along with pathya-apathya ahara vihara. Subjects were assessed every 15 days for a period of 3 months and with 1 month of follow up with no medications in that duration. The progress was assessed through blood tests and USG of the subject after the full completion of treatment.
Results: It was detected that almost all of the clinical symptoms of the subject were reduced slowly during the duration of treatment. By the completion of the treatment ,the symptoms were lessened entirely with the blood investigations and sonography report affirming the improvement.
Clinical, Hematological, and Biochemical Alterations Associated With Early and Late Infection of Lumpy Skin Disease in Cattle in Egypt
Authors: Saleh Asmaa , Badr Yassien , Abasc Osama , Aamerd Waleed , Inoshimab Yasuo , Rahmanb Md , Mokhlisf Hamada , Abdullazizc Ibrahim
Published: February 2023

This study aimed to investigate clinical, hematological, and biochemical alterations associated with early (during the first week.) and late (after one month) of lumpy skin disease (LSD) infection in cattle infected during an outbreak of LSD in Egypt. Animals which were clinically examined directly after the clinical onset of LSD showed, firm elevated skin nodules that were distributed all over the body, fever (more than 40℃) associated with anorexia, general weakness, reduced milk yield, enlargement of superficial lymph nodes, and edema in the brisket and/or limbs. Examination of the affected animals one month after the disease onset revealed marked weight loss, shrunk of skin nodules and formation of sit fast. There were significant increases in body temperature, pulse and respiratory rate in all animals infected with LSD with significant decrease of ruminal movement compared to control group. DNA extracted from skin samples collected from LSD infected animals showed bands at the expected size (172 base pairs) by partial amplification of viral attachment protein using PCR. Reduced RBCS count, Hb content, HCT, and MCHC values with a significant increase in MCV in all LSD infected cows compared to the control group, while leukogram analysis revealed leucopenia and lymphopenia during the 1st week. Post-infection, however, one month post-infection revealed granulocytic leukocytosis. In addition, all LSD infected cows showed inflammatory thrombocytopenia. Animals during early LSD infection showed significant reduction in total protein, albumin, glucose and TAC and significant increase in ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, CPK, C-troponin-1, total and direct bilirubin, creatinine, K and MDA levels compared to the control group. While animals during late infection showed significant decrease in glucose, ALT, AST, LDH, CPK, C-troponin-1, direct bilirubin, K and MDA levels and significant increase in total protein, albumin and TAC compared to the early infection group. It can be concluded that, LSD infection in cattle revealed critical alterations in some hematological and serum biochemical parameters during both early and late stages of infection with negative impact on different organ functions including skin, muscle, liver, kidney and heart.
Investigation of Parasitic Crustacean in the Culture Management of Clarias Gariepinus in Lagos Fish Farms
Authors: A Okunade , K Ajani , O Adejinmi , A Oladosu , A Adeogun
Published: February 2023

The major parasitic crustaceans infecting cultured fish species comprise Branchiurans, Leaneids, Ergasilids and Isopods causing wounds that serve as portal entry for bacterial, fungi and viral infections eventually result to morbidity, mortality and economic loss thereby necessitating investigation on prevalence and effects on predilection site of Clarias gariepinus in this study. Four hundred and eighty four fish samples of Clarias gariepinus at various developmental stages were randomly selected from fish farms across the three agro – ecological zones in Lagos Stata, Nigeria. The samples collection lasted eighteen months covering both wet and dry season while parasitology and histology examinations were carried out in a laboratory using standard methods.. The wet mounts were prepared for skin and gills. Water quality parameters monitored were pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, nitrite, iron concentration, alkalinity, hardness and turbidity according to respective manual guidelines. Descriptive statistics such as frequency count, percentages, standard deviation were used to determine the level of prevalence, occurrence and distribution of the parasites. Argulus species (Branchiuran) was the only parasitic crustacean observed in this study with low prevalence and intensity of infection of 1.05% and 2 respectively found on the gills of fingerlings during the rainy season. The histological examination on infected gill revealed no alteration. The water parameters were within the acceptable limit for fish survival. The low prevalence and loads of Argulus sp indicated good management practices which possibly suppress the propagation of the parasites despite the expected influence of optimum temperature and low dissolved oxygen in favour of the parasites. Therefore, good management practices should be encouraged to reduce rate of parasitic infection that often being a primary pathway to secondary infections.
Probiotic Effects on Behavior, Stress Indicators and Antioxidant Activity of Transported Broiler Chicken
Authors: Negm Eman , Sayed Mona , Abdelrahman Moataz , Mohammed Ahmed , Darwish Madeha
Published: February 2023

Transportation before slaughtering causes bad effects on chicken welfare and health, but little is known about the effect of probiotic dietary fed in broiler chickens having transport stress. So, this study was designed to detect the effects of two doses of a probiotic (Bacillus subtilis) on some stress indicators, antioxidant activity and fear response of broiler chickens exposed to transportation stress.
Two hundred and ten broiler chicks were distributed among 21 floor pens (10 chicks in each pen), each pen was exposed to one of three diet treatments containing a probiotic at 0 (control), 0.25 (0.25X), and 0.5 (0.5X) g/kg. At 35 days old, birds were exposed to transportation and then blood samples were collected for measuring stress and antioxidant markers.
The serum corticosterone and cholesterol levels were decreased in probiotic fed birds in comparison with controls (P < 0.05). Compared to control broiler chickens, 0.5X birds had higher levels of catalase and serum superoxide dismutase (P < 0.05). In addition, the 0.5X birds spent less time in the tonic immobility test (P = 0.0427). The results suggest that the probiotic supplement may prove to be an important management tool for the broiler industry to diminish the negative effects of transport stress, potentially safeguarding the welfare and health of broiler chickens.
Discriminant Analysis (DA) Technique for Identification Sex and Breed of Rabbits Depending on Morphological Traits
Authors: Abdallah Fatma
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Rabbits are a basic source of protein in many areas around the world. Rabbits are characterized by meat of good quality and high protein source. It is of importance to study and predict different rabbit characters. A total of 720 data values of three different breeds of rabbits (NewZeland White, Californian, and Rex) and both sexes were used. Discriminant analysis (DA) was used to classify the three rabbit breeds and genders based on the morphological characters (body length (BL), chest circumference (CHC), abdominal circumference (ABDC), thigh circumference (THC), ear length (EL) and ear width (EW)). Data were analyzed using the procedures of DA on SPSS 23 statistical package. The results were that ear width showed a strong participation (0.646) in discriminating the three breeds and explained most of the variance while body length (-0.608) was next in importance as a predictor followed by abdominal circumference (0.531) and the other variables were less contribution. Abdominal circumference is the most significant morphological trait as a discriminating variable (0.695) in discrimination between male and female and explained most of the variance followed by ear width (0.560) then the body length (-0.531). It is found that 59.2 % correct classification of the rabbit breeds using the discriminant functions was achieved and 70.8 % correct classification of the rabbit sexes using the discriminant functions was achieved.
Intestinal Parasites among Asymptomatic Food Handlers in a Tertiary Institution in Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Bolaji Oloyede , Adekunle Olutoyin , Adebayo Teslim , Ajayi Akindele , Dada Busayomi
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Incidence of intestinal parasites has been described as one of the most common problems of developing countries like Nigeria. This study was carried out to determine the possible presence of parasites amongst asymptomatic food handlers in tertiary institution in Owo. One hundred and twenty three (123) stool samples were randomly collected from food vendors in Achievers University, Owo. Also, questionnaires were administered and collated. The samples were transported to the University Parasitology Laboratory within 1 hour of production and examined microscopically using physiological saline and iodine direct mount and formal ether concentration techniques. Out of the 123 stool samples analyzed, 20 were infected with gastrointestinal parasitic organisms, giving a prevalence of 16.26%. Three different parasites were identified: Ascaris lumbricoides (12.20%), Giardia lambia (5.67%), and Entamoeba histolytica (3.25%). The prevalence with respect to gender showed that parasitic infestation was higher in females (9.76%) than in males (6.50%). The parasitic infestation was higher in age groups 36–45 years (7.32%), followed by age groups 18–25 years (5.69) and least in age group 26–35 years (3.25%). The parasitic infestation was higher among subjects who sell cooked food and snacks (6.50%), followed by those who sell cooked food only (4.88%), and lastly 2.44% among those that sell snacks and roasted meat respectively. In conclusion, this study confirmed the presence of intestinal parasitic infection among food handlers in Achievers University Owo, Ondo State. Good hygiene and safe food-handling should be exercised by food handlers.
Genotyping of Salmonella isolates from chickens and ducks and sequence analysis of two chicken isolates of Salmonella Enterica serovar Enteritidis
Authors: Abdallah Enas , Sorour Hend , Hussien Alaa , Elsayed Mohamed
Published: February 2023

Salmonella causes drastic losses in chicken and duck farms and is considered a major food-borne pathogen with public health concern. Out of 400 chicken and duck samples distributed as follows: (260 samples were collected from native species and 140 from imported species). Salmonella infection in local species represented 5.4% (14/260) and 3.6% (5/140) in imported poultry.
A total seven Salmonella serotypes were obtained as follows: S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurum, S. Kentuky, S. Virchow, S. Infantis, S. Remo, and S. Seremban by serotyping using the (Kauffmann–White scheme).
In the same time, all the isolates were subjected to molecular identification by using five primers targeting (sefA, STM4495, ISR2-ISR3, ORF, and Hypothertical protein) which were specific for S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurum, S. Infantis, S. Kentuky, and S. Virchow, respectively. Genotyping provided rapid, sensitive, and accurate method for Salmonella classification.
Phylogenetic analysis was performed onto 2 strains of isolated Salmonella enteritidis (one isolated from imported chicks and the other one from local chicks based on sequencing of the PCR product of the sefA gene. The sequences showed close identity of local and imported isolates with other Salmonella reference strains in different countries. On conclusion, it is important to implement strict monitoring policy of Salmonella in imported and local poultry for prevention and control of Salmonella and formulation of effective vaccines to protect the poultry industry.
Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in the City of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Drino Vernesa , Bejdic Nita , Salkica Ajla , Mehmedovic Azra , Pjano Melisa , Biscevic Alma
Published: February 2023

Background: The main causes of severe vision loss and blindness in Europe are age-related retinal diseases, particularly age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic eye disease (DED), and a host of vascular conditions. Both the prevalence and incidence of severe vision loss are expected to increase in territories where life expectancy is increasing. Objective: The aim of this study is to estimate the current prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and the most common risks for its development in the city of Sarajevo, a Capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methods: This retrospective single center study included 205 diabetic patients from the city of Sarajevo who attended the regular ophthalmological examination at the Specialty Eye Hospital Svjetlost, in a branch located in the city center, from August 2021 to August 2022. Patients underwent a complete medical assessment by ophthalmology specialists. The retinal examination included an evaluation of the presence of diabetic retinopathy. Any retinopathy present was graded as mild non-proliferative retinopathy, moderate-severe non-proliferative retinopathy, or proliferative retinopathy (PDR). Results: Retinopathy was present in 40.49 % of patients included in this study; 13.17 % had the mild form of diabetic retinopathy, 7.80 % had the moderate-severe form, and 19.51 % had a proliferative form of diabetic retinopathy. The mean duration of diabetes diagnosis was 11.12 years overall, 11.74 years in men, and 10.22 in women. Macular edema was present in 38.55% of patients with retinopathy, 6.02 % in patients with mild form, 8.43 % in patients with moderate-severe form, and 24.09 % in patients with PDR. Conclusion: The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in Sarajevo is relatively high, and the most common is a severe form of the disease. Regular diabetic retinopathy screening in primary healthcare services and hospital eye services is highly recommended for the timely prevention of visual impairment and blindness.
Gastric Trichobezoar Mimicking a Large Abdominal Tumour: Case report
Authors: Imsirovic Bilal , Abdelhakim Gouda , Djedovic Muhamed , Tawil Amina , Zerem Enver
Published: February 2023

Background: A bezoar is a collection of indigestible substances that, after swallowing, form a mass in the gastrointestinal tract, most often in the stomach. A trichobezoar is a mass made of ingested, undigested hairs and food remains, while ingestion of hair is called trichophagia. This is an extremely rare condition, with 90% of cases occurring among women, out of which 80% are under the age of 30. The diagnosis is based on clinical examination, findings obtained through radiological modalities (ultrasound and computed tomography) and endoscopy. Objective: The aim of this article is to present the case of a 17-year-old female patient who visited the doctor due to abdominal pain and a visible mass in the projection of the stomach. Case presentation: The patient, accompanied by her parents, and following the instructions of a general practitioner who suspected the presence of a tumour in the abdomen, reported to the surgical clinic. The US examination revealed the presence of a heteroechoic mass in the stomach area, but it could not be determined with certainty where it belonged (Samsung Medison V8 ultrasound system). The CT scans revealed the presence of an inhomogeneous structure in the stomach area occupying the entire volume of the stomach. The mentioned structure included the presence of internal air particles and marginal imbibition of the orally applied contrast agent. The described structure did not infiltrate the stomach wall and, based on the CT scan, the diagnosis established was a bezoar. Under general anaesthesia, a laparotomy with a gastrotomy was performed, and a hard hook shaped mass composed of hair and remains of undigested food was removed from the stomach. Conclusion: A mobile, palpable mass located in the abdomen of younger female patients accompanied by abdominal symptoms, especially in patients where there is information about hair pulling and swallowing, may suggest trichobezoar. The golden standard for trichobezoar presentation is upper endoscopy. If unavailable, the diagnosis is established by a CT scan, preferably with oral application of a contrast agent. Treatment of larger trichobezoars is surgical, while endoscopic and laparoscopic removal is possible only in the case of small trichobezoars.
Acute necrotizing pancreatitis and Diabetes Mellitus: about a clinical case
Authors: Igreja Ana , Ferreira Sofia , Silva Rita , Costa Carla , Correia C
Published: February 2023

The diagnosis of persistent DM in the context of acute pancreatitis (AP) in pediatric age is extremely rare. We present the clinical case of a 16-year-old obese boy admitted in the Emergency Department due to intense epigastric abdominal pain. Laboratory findings and imaging exams helped establishing the acute necrohemorrhagic pancreatitis diagnosis. The clinical evolution was favorable, although persistent hyperglicemia was documented. The patient is now on a regimen of multiple insulin administrations with a globally controlled glycemic profile. Although AP is an uncommon cause of persistent DM in pediatric disease spectrum, we must be aware of the existence of this clinical association to better understand and manage our patients.
A Review of the Antidiabetic, Antihyperlipidemic, and Related Metabolic Disorder Documented Activities of Emblic Fruits (Phyllanthus emblica L.)
Authors: Mansoury Manal
Published: February 2023

Diabetes is a risky metabolic chronic sickness that threatens the lives and health of individuals, families, and communities
everywhere. Management of diabetes and related metabolic syndrome (MS) relies heavily on diet. There are reports of
folk plants showing varying levels of antihyperglycemic activity. Phyllanthus emblica Linn (syn. Emblica officinalis)
(often referred to Emblic, Indian gooseberry, or amla) is a perennial tree in the Euphorbiaceae family. Due to the
high concentration of phenolic compounds, Emblic fruit may be considered a plant source of natural antioxidants.
Numerous studies have demonstrated Emblic fruit’s benefits on humans and animals that are antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, antihyperlipidemic, antibacterial, analgesic and antipyretic, adaptogenic, hepatoprotective, anticancer,
antiulcerogenic, and antioxidant. This review provided an overview of the published scientific studies (experimental and
clinical) that documented the potential antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic benefits associated with consuming Emblic
fruits. In addition, the possible activity regarding related metabolic syndrome and diabetes complications was assessed.
Is Contraception Usage Affected During Corona Virus Disease 2019 Pandemic Among Women in Saudi Arabia?
Authors: Tahir Dr
Published: February 2023

Background: Contraception has many benefits beside improvimg women health such as increasing child survival and
improving perinatal outcomes due to interpregnancy interval regulation.
Objectives: to assess the knowledge and attitude of Saudi women regarding the use of contraceptives, to measure
the prevalence of contraception use, and to highlight factors affecting the use of contraception among women in the
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during covid 19 pandemic.
Methods: This is a comparative cross-sectional descriptive study involving 432 saudi arabian women during the period
from July 2021 to July 2022. Data was collected through an online questionnaire formulated to survey saudi women due
to covid 19 pandemics measures.
Results: Overall knowledge was good among 48% of participants. Regarding attitude towards contraception use. About
77.8% agreed to use contraception while only 3% disagreed. 90.7% had an experience with contraceptive methods either
currently or previously. Coitus interruption was the commonest method used by about 20%, followed by COC (18%), then
condom (12.5%). Predictors for higher use were husband higher education, gravidity of two to four and previous one to
two cesarean section (AOR=10.048,283,20.047 respectively).
Conclusion: Participants had good contraceptive knowledge and positive attitude towards contraception use. Proportion
of contraceptive methods use was high among participants. We recommend more health education campaigns about the
importance of contraception especially during the COVID 19 pandemic and among women who had previous cesarean
section. We also recommend more research involving a representative sample from all regions of the kingdom.
Surgical Prevention of Thrombosis in Modern Condition
Authors: Borzdova Anastasiya , Bekova Diana , Alieva Niqar , Ochirov Vladimir , Soliev Rashid
Published: February 2023

The article discusses the features of surgical prevention of thrombosis in modern conditions. The author notes that due
to the high risk of death, thrombosis that occurs during surgical interventions of various types have a significant impact
on the quality of medical care in the surgical environment. Accordingly, it is very important to determine the risk of
postoperative venous thromboembolism and evaluate the features of its prevention. A particular risk is the development
of venous thromboembolism (VTE), which combines deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Experts
call it a multifactorial and serious disease. Accordingly, it is very important to study theoretical and practical approaches
to the organization of prevention of thrombosis in particular and VTE in general in surgical practice, since even a
competently and effectively performed operation can cause the death of a patient.
Accordingly, the purpose of this work is to identify the features of surgical prevention of thrombosis and VTE in modern
conditions.
One year into online classes, a comparison with conventional classroom teaching – A survey in North Kerala
Authors: Valambath Smruthi , Hiremath Leena
Published: February 2023

Background: In the early 2020, COVID was declared as a pandemic and then on all the educational institutions were forced to close down for regular classes. Almost all the previous studies were done comparing different groups of students or different academic year. However, our study was done on the same set of students and in the same academic year itself with the same teaching faculty, where students underwent 8 months of online classes followed by 2 months of classroom teaching.

Aims and Objectives: This study was done to know the effectiveness of e-classes in comparison to conventional classroom teaching among professional students in north Kerala in terms of gaining knowledge, balance between the practical and theoretical experiences, and availability of e-resources.

Materials and Methods: One thousand medical college students from three different medical colleges in north Kerala voluntarily participated in the study which was on an online questionnaire-based survey. The questionnaire was self-made and based on Likert five point scale.

Results: The study included both boys and girls. In most of the fields such as effective communication, interaction, effective teaching methodology, and understanding the topic and providing feedback, students found classroom learning much better than online learning only advantage of online learning that they found was the convenience as it could be taken from home without having to travel and without facing the hostel-related adjustment issues.

Conclusion: To make online methods more acceptable, we will have to bring in various changes and modifications in our way of teaching. More animations and smaller groups may be needed. Individual attention will be possible with smaller groups per class and feedbacks can be taken with ease. With these changes in teaching methods, online mode can be made more effective in reaching to students and making it acceptable by them.
Effect of obesity on cardiovascular sympathetic parameters: A comparative study
Authors: Agrawala Manju , Naik Samira , M Shehin , Rath Bhabagrahi
Published: February 2023

Background: Obesity is a global health burden. Accumulation of fat in body is associated with cardiovascular abnormalities. It is the need of the hour to conduct various autonomic function tests among obese subjects and create awareness of the drawback of obesity as it is a reversible lifestyle disorder.

Aim and Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the autonomic cardiovascular parameters in obese adult males and females and compare the result with controls.

Materials and Methods: Sympathetic cardiovascular parameters of both healthy obese and non-obese subjects were compared and correlated in a tertiary medical college and hospital. Criteria for obesity were according to the WHO criteria of body mass index. The tests were carried out with Mercury Sphygmomanometer. The data were collected; statistically analyzed and valid conclusions were drawn.

Results: The baseline diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and the change in DBP after isometric exercise and cold pressure test when compared between obese and non-obese subjects found to be significant.

Conclusions: Obesity by causing instability in autonomic function makes disorder in cardiovascular system which may lead to disease like hypertension in later life.
Clinico-cytomorphological features and thyroid function tests of different thyroid lesions – A hospital-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Mishra Shree , Kar Sushree , Behera Debasis
Published: February 2023

Background: Thyroid gland is an endocrine organ. The non-neoplastic and neoplastic conditions affecting the gland can manifest as the swelling of the gland with thyroid dysfunction. Based on cytology, the diseases can be categorized into non-neoplastic, benign neoplastic, and malignant neoplastic conditions and according to hormone status, the lesions of thyroid can be categorized in hypothyroid, euthyroid, or hyperthyroid condition.

Aims and Objectives: Our study was done to find out the various cytomorphological spectrum of thyroid diseases and to record their common clinical presentation along with hormonal status in a tertiary care hospital in Northern Odisha.

Materials and Methods: A total of 220 cases of thyroid disorder were taken for analysis over a period of 2 years. Patients demographic data, brief clinical features, finding on FNAC (cytomorphology), and thyroid function status were analyzed with appropriate statistical method.

Results: The predominant age group affected was 21–40 years and total female to male patient ratio was 5.5:1. Most common presentations were heat intolerance (22.27%), cold intolerance (28.63%), and tachycardia (27.72%) apart from thyroid enlargement. Most common non-neoplastic lesion were multinodular and colloid goiter constituting 38.18% of total cases and most common neoplastic lesion was papillary carcinoma constituting 14.55% of total cases. Thyroid function test showed predominantly euthyroid states for all conditions.

Conclusion: As the rest part of India, this part of Odisha also showed that thyroid disorders are more common in females and the most affected age group is 21–40 years. Multinodular and colloid goiter are the most common thyroid lesions. Most of the cases present with euthyroid state.
A study of self-medication practices among 1st-year MBBS students aged 19–21 years at Sri Siddhartha Medical College and Hospital, Tumkur
Authors: P Deepali , Gowda Kushal , K Arifuddin
Published: February 2023

Background: Self-medication (SM) is practiced throughout the world and although it has known benefits, it is being abused mostly by the medical students community. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the knowledge of 1st-year MBBS regarding various aspects of SM such as the most commonly used drugs and its side effects.

Aim and Objective: The aim of the study was to study the pattern of SM among 1st-year medical students and to improve pharmacovigilace and drug safety.

Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study done among 1st-year MBBS students aged 19–21 years of Sri Siddartha Medical College and Hospital, Tumkur. This was carried out after the approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee. A modified questionnaire was circulated to 150 1st-year MBBS students who voluntarily participated and who’s consent was taken to carry out this study, through Google Forms.

Results: Results show that 61% of self-medicate with the major reason being previous exposure. About 51% are fully aware of the medication and its side effects while 44% are partly aware. About 37% have reported that they do not self-medicate due to risk of adverse effects and 25% do not self-medicate due to reasons such as lack of knowledge, awareness, and risk of using the incorrect drugs.

Conclusions: This shows that SM is prevalent among 1st-year medical students and more insight and clinical exposure regarding the drugs is needed for cautious practice. Hence, SM is an essential part of self-care as per the WHO but more knowledge and awareness is needed which is acquired through the MBBS course. This can help reduce the risk of experiencing adverse effects.