bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A systematic literature review on uncertainties in cross-docking operations
Authors: Ardakani Allahyar (Arsalan) , Fei Jiangang
Published: January 2020

Purpose

The technique of cross-docking is attractive to organisations because of the lower warehousing and transportation (consolidated shipments) costs. This concept is based on the fast movement of products. Accordingly, cross-docking operations should be monitored carefully and accurately. Several factors in cross-docking operations can be impacted by uncertain sources that can lead to inaccuracy and inefficiency of this process. Although many papers have been published on different aspects of cross-docking, there is a need for a comprehensive review to investigate the sources of uncertainties in cross-docking. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analyse and categorise sources of uncertainty in cross-docking operations. A systematic review has been undertaken to analyse methods and techniques used in cross-docking research.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic review has been undertaken to analyse methods and techniques used in cross-docking research.

Findings

The findings show that existing research has limitations on the applicability of the models developed to solve problems due to unrealistic or impractical assumption. Further research directions have been discussed to fill the gaps identified in the literature review.

Originality/value

There has been an increasing number of papers about cross-docking since 2010, among which three are literature reviews on cross-docking from 2013 to 2016. There is an absence of study in the current literature to critically review and identify the sources of uncertainty related to cross-docking operations. Without the proper identification and discussion of these uncertainties, the optimisation models developed to improve cross-docking operations may be inherently impractical and unrealistic.
A positive spiral of self-efficacy among public employees
Authors: Mañas Rodríguez Miguel Ángel , Estreder Yolanda , Martinez-Tur Vicente , Díaz-Fúnez Pedro Antonio , Pecino-Medina Vicente
Published: January 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to test a positive spiral of self-efficacy among public employees. The spiral proposes that self-efficacy is positively related to extra-role behaviors. These behaviors in turn are positively related to subsequent self-efficacy.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 260 public employees participated in three waves of data collection: self-efficacy (T1); extra-role behaviors (T2); self-efficacy (T3).

Findings

The results confirmed the existence of a positive spiral of self-efficacy. There was a positive and significant link from self-efficacy of employees (T1) to extra-role behaviors (T2). In addition, it was found a positive and significant relationship between extra-role behaviors (T2) and subsequent self-efficacy (T3) once the link from self-efficacy in T1 and T3 was controlled for. The mediation role of extra-role behaviors was also confirmed.

Originality/value

The examination of positive spirals is one of the critical challenges of the investigation of personal resources. In the current research study, the authors test the positive spiral of a critical personal resource such as self-efficacy. Additionally, the lagged design permits a solid test of the aforementioned spiral.
Intelligent agent-assisted organizational memory in knowledge management systems
Authors: Alstete Jeffrey W. , Meyer John P.
Published: January 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the application of intelligent agents (IAs) in organizational memory systems within the larger schema of knowledge management (KM) strategies. This includes targeted roles of IAs in relation to institutional memory approaches.

Design/methodology/approach

A conceptual exploration of related sections of the Grundspenkis seven-layer intelligent enterprise memory framework that serves to identify, retain, deliver and reuse information for future utilization is conducted. Applications of IAs in multiple industries are presented to illustrate the conceptual model in practice.

Findings

This paper identifies arising roles that IAs perform in information search, retrieval and analysis in the organizational memory formation process and extensions that have emerged in a non-linear bi-directional form. These layered roles include obtaining and reapplying important information as part of extended human–machine cognition.

Research limitations/implications

While exploratory and conceptual in nature, this research paper discusses IAs as possible components in the advancement of organization memory.

Practical implications

By analyzing the application of IAs in different industries, across select layers of a KM structure, groundwork is laid for both descriptive research (i.e. where and how artificial intelligence is being used in those industries) and prescriptive practice (i.e. how other industries can benefit from such assistance and what patterns of implementation to expect).

Originality/value

This study explores the role IAs play in helping knowledge workers gather, retain and find relevant information and how KM strategies may assist organizational memory.
Comparative analysis into mechanical properties and microstructural attributes of quenched and tempered 0.2%-C steel
Authors: Dewangan Saurabh , Behera Sarmistha , Chowrasia Mukesh Kr.
Published: January 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to critically analyze the properties of quenched and tempered steel samples. Austenite to martensite transformation of steel is a common process in any steel industry. Water quenching is the best suited technique to convert the steel into martensitic structure. Although quenched products are very hard, yet they possess brittleness. Due to which, their industrial applications become very limited. To avoid this problem, tempering of the martensite is usually done to achieve the required combination of hardness and toughness.

Design/methodology/approach

The present work deals with comparative analysis of mechanical properties and microstructural behavior of quenched and tempered steel samples. For the purpose, a low carbon steel (0.2%-C) was taken under study. Quenching was done in water, and tempering was done in atmospheric air. Four different mechanical properties such as tensile strength, toughness, hardness and shear strength were analyzed on steel samples that underwent through two different above-mentioned heat treatment processes.

Findings

An improvement in all the four mechanical properties was reported after tempering the quenched products. Also, the microstructural images of quenched and tempered specimens showed a good corroboration with mechanical properties.

Originality/value

A significant improvement in mechanical properties was reported in tempered specimens. Also, there was a strong corroboration between mechanical properties and microstructural attributes. A clear view of needle-shaped martensite and lamellar-shaped pearlite was observed in water-quenched and tempered specimens, respectively.
Real‐world efficacy and safety of interleukin‐17 inhibitors for psoriasis: A single‐center experience
Authors: Ohata Chika , Ohyama Bungo , Katayama Eri , Nakama Takekuni
Published: January 2020

We evaluated the efficacy and safety of interleukin (IL)‐17 inhibitors (IL‐17i) by analyzing 66 patients with psoriasis treated with secukinumab (n = 25), ixekizumab (n = 17) and brodalumab (n = 24) at Kurume University Hospital between December 2014 and June 2019. The mean Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores at baseline were 12.9, 13.4 and 9.9 in the secukinumab, ixekizumab and brodalumab groups (SECg, IXEg and BROg), respectively. At the 6‐month evaluation, the mean PASI scores were 1.7, 1.1 and 0.5 in SECg, IXEg and BROg, respectively. The proportion of patients achieving PASI of 3.0 or less was significantly lower in SECg. Drug survivals showed no significant difference among the groups. Although one patient in IXEg died due to an unknown cause, no serious IL‐17i‐associated adverse event was observed. This study showed high efficacy and relatively low risk of the treatment with IL‐17i.
Parasympathetic nervous activity is associated with oxytocin in multiparous, but not primiparous, women during the perinatal period
Authors: Washio Hiroe , Takeshita Daisuke , Sakata Susumu
Published: January 2020

Oxytocin (OXT) is thought to have antidepressant/anxiolytic effects in postpartum women. Primiparous women tend toward an attenuated lactation compared with multiparous women. However, so far, little is known about the relationship between OXT and autonomic nervous activity (ANA) in perinatal women and whether it may be different in primiparous and multiparous women. Therefore, the objective of this study was to answer this question by determining both ANA and salivary OXT levels in primiparous and multiparous perinatal women. In 18 primiparous and 18 multiparous women, who underwent a physical and physiological examination, ANA measurement by heart rate variability and saliva sampling were performed during the perinatal period. Saliva OXT concentration was determined by a highly sensitive ELISA. OXT release into saliva was obtained from multiplying saliva OXT concentration by saliva flow rate. In the postpartum period, multiparous women had higher parasympathetic nervous activity (PNA) and lower physical stress index (PSI) compared with primiparous women. Furthermore, multiparous postpartal women had higher OXT compared with primiparous or multiparous prepartal women. In addition, in multiparous perinatal women, OXT correlated positively with PNA, but negatively with PSI. These results suggest that after parturition, multiparous mothers may switch over to the "feed and breed" system more quickly due to increased OXT compared with primiparous mothers. Our findings support antidepressant/anxiolytic and anti‐stress effects of OXT. In postpartal women exposed to synthetic OXT, ANA measurement may provide a clue to clarify the effects of exogenous OXT on postpartum psychiatric disorders.
Wage premium of Communist Party membership: Evidence from China
Authors: Nikolov Plamen , Wang Hongjian , Acker Kevin
Published: January 2020

Social status and political connections may confer large economic benefits on an individual. Previous studies focused on China have examined the relationship between Communist Party membership and earnings and have revealed a positive correlation. However, the correlation could be partly or totally spurious. Using data from three surveys spanning three decades, we estimate the causal effect of Chinese Communist Party membership on monthly earnings in China. We find that, on average, membership in the Communist Party of China increases monthly earnings and the wage premium has grown in the last three decades. We explore potential causes and discover evidence that improvements in social networks and social rank, acquisition of job‐related qualifications and greater life satisfaction play important roles in increased earnings.
MicroRNA‐based biomarkers for diagnosis of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: Liao Jipei , Shen Jun , Leng Qixin , Qin Meng , Zhan Min , Jiang Feng
Published: January 2020

Background

The development of biomarkers for the early detection of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is clinically important. We have developed miRNA biomarkers in sputum and plasma, respectively, for NSCLC. Herein, we evaluate whether integrated analysis of the miRNAs across the different types of specimens could improve the early detection of NSCLC.

Methods

Using reverse transcription PCR, we determined expressions of two miRNAs (miRs‐31‐5p and 210‐3p) in sputum and three miRNAs (miRs‐21‐5p, 210‐3p, and 486‐5p) in plasma of a training cohort of 76 NSCLC patients and 72 cancer‐free smokers. The results were validated in a testing cohort of 56 NSCLC patients and 55 cancer‐free smokers.

Results

The panels of two sputum miRNAs and three plasma miRNAs had 65.8–75.0% sensitivities and 83.3–87.5% specificities for diagnosis of NSCLC in the training cohort. The individual sputum or plasma miRNA panel had a higher sensitivity for squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma of the lung, respectively. From the miRNAs, we optimized an integrated panel of biomarkers consisting of two sputum miRNAs (miRs‐31‐5p and 210‐3p) and one plasma miRNA (miR‐21‐5p) that had higher sensitivity (85.5%) and specificity (91.7%) for diagnosis of NSCLC compared with the individual panels alone. Furthermore, the performance of the integrated panel of biomarkers was independent of histology and stage of NSCLC, and patients' age, sex, and ethnicity. The performance of the integrated panel of biomarkers was confirmed in the testing cohort.

Conclusions

Integrating biomarkers across different body fluids would synergistically improve the early detection of NSCLC.

Key points

Lung cancer is a heterogeneous disease and develops from complex aberrations.

Integrating sputum and plasma miRNAs has higher accuracy than when they are used alone
Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans elicits acute stress response in spotted salamanders but not infection or mortality
Authors: Barnhart K. , Bletz M. C. , LaBumbard B. , Tokash‐Peters A. , Gabor C. R. , Woodhams D. C.
Published: January 2020

The emerging fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) is a major threat to amphibian species worldwide with potential to infect many species if it invades salamander biodiversity hotspots in the Americas. Bsal can cause the disease chytridiomycosis, and it is important to assess the risk of Bsal‐induced chytridiomycosis to species in North America. We evaluated the susceptibility to Bsal of the common and widespread spotted salamander, Ambystoma maculatum, across life‐history stages and monitored the effect of Bsal exposure on growth rate and response of the stress hormone, corticosterone. We conclude that spotted salamanders appear resistant to Bsal because they showed no indication of disease or infection, and experienced minor effects on growth upon exposure. While we focused on a single population for this study, results were consistent across conditions of exposure including high or repeated doses of Bsal, life‐stage at exposure, environmental conditions including two temperatures and two substrates, and promoting pathogen infectivity by conditioning Bsal cultures with thyroid hormone. Exposure to high levels of Bsal elicited an acute but not chronic increase in corticosterone in spotted salamanders, and reduced growth. We hypothesize that the early acute increase in corticosterone facilitated mounting an immune response to the pathogen, perhaps through immunoredistribution to the skin, but further study is needed to determine immune responses to Bsal. These results will contribute to development of appropriate Bsal management plans to conserve species at risk of emerging disease.
Birthweight determines intestinal microvasculature development and alters endothelial nitric oxide synthase density in young piglets
Authors: Ayuso Miriam , Van Cruchten Steven , Van Ginneken Chris
Published: January 2020

Blood supply to enterocytes dictates intestinal health and nutrient absorption. These two aspects are impaired in low birthweight (LBW) piglets, but whether the perfusion to intestinal tissues is implicated as well is still unknown. Thus, structural changes in the microvasculature of LBW and normal birthweight (NBW) piglets were investigated during early postnatal development. Additionally, the presence of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the intestinal mucosa was assessed given its important role to assure perfusion. A total of 22 pigs (11 LBW and 11 NBW) were sacrificed at days 0, 3, 8 and 19 of life. Body weight and intestinal length were recorded and a piece of the small intestine was sampled for immunohistochemical analysis of von Willebrand Factor (vWF, an endothelial cell marker) and eNOS. LBW piglets had a relatively (to body weight) longer intestine than their NBW counterparts. Age did not affect microvasculature, which was more abundant (85% larger vWF‐positive area) in NBW than LBW pigs. However, an interaction age*BW was observed for eNOS‐IR, showing that eNOS presence peaked in NBW piglets on the first day of life and subsequently decreased. This pattern was not observed in LBW piglets. The less abundant intestinal endothelial mass and the different pattern of eNOS expression observed in LBW piglets suggests microcirculation as a contributing factor in the impaired digestive functioning and gut health of LBW pigs. However, revealing whether the origin of this alteration is prenatal or postnatal, for example due to a lower milk intake, needs further study.
Multimedia in improving informed consent for caesarean section: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Truong Alice , Ellett Lenore , Hicks Lauren , Pell Gabrielle , Walker Susan P.
Published: January 2020

Background

Multimedia modules have been used as an adjunct to improve patient knowledge and recall for various elective surgical procedures, but have been incompletely evaluated in patients undergoing caesarean section.

Aims

To compare the use of a supplementary multimedia module with written information in improving the informed consent process prior to elective caesarean section.

Materials and methods

This was a prospective randomised controlled trial (ACTRN12616000430437). Primary outcomes were knowledge and anxiety scores immediately following the intervention and on the day of surgery. Secondary outcomes were patient satisfaction, length of stay, time to cessation of analgesia, and patient assessment of the consent types.

Results

Seventy‐five patients completed the study. Both multimedia module and written information groups demonstrated a significant increase in knowledge scores with no difference between the groups. In the multimedia‐assisted consent group, scores improved from baseline by +2.31 (P < 0.001) immediately after watching the multimedia module and by +2.41 (P < 0.001) on the day of surgery. In the written information group, scores improved by +1.76 (P < <0.001), and +2.31 (P < 0.001) respectively. There was no adverse impact on anxiety in either group. Patient‐reported understanding (92.4% vs 78.5%, P = 0.001), and helpfulness (90.1% vs 73.3%, P = 0.001) was significantly higher in the multimedia module group than in the written information group. The multimedia module was assessed as ‘slightly too long’ and provided ‘slightly too much information’.

Conclusions

Multimedia modules are a valuable adjunct to traditional processes of obtaining informed consent for elective caesarean section and should be offered and made available to patients prior to surgery.
Need for pacing in patients who qualify for an implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator: Clinical implications for the subcutaneous ICD
Authors: Kutyifa Valentina , Rosero Spencer Z. , McNitt Scott , Polonsky Bronislava , Brown Mary W. , Zareba Wojciech , Goldenberg Ilan
Published: January 2020

Background

Implantation of the subcutaneous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (S‐ICD) is spreading and has been shown to be safe and effective; however, it does not provide brady‐pacing. Currently, data on the need for brady‐pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) implantation in patients with ICD indication are limited.

Methods

The Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial (MADIT)‐II enrolled post‐MI patients with reduced ejection fraction (EF ≤ 35%), randomized to either an implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) or conventional medical therapy. Kaplan–Meier analyses and multivariate Cox models were performed to assess the incidence and predictors of pacemaker (PM), or CRT implantation in the conventional arm of MADIT‐II, after excluding 32 patients (6.5%) with a previously implanted PM.

Results

During the median follow‐up of 20 months, 24 of 458 patients (5.2%) were implanted with a PM or a CRT (19 PM, 5 CRT). Symptomatic sinus bradycardia was the primary indication for PM implantation (n = 9, 37%), followed by AV block (n = 5, 21%), tachy‐brady syndrome (n = 4, 17%), and carotid sinus hypersensitivity (n = 1, 4%). Baseline PR interval >200 ms (HR = 3.07, 95% CI: 1.24–7.57, p = .02), and CABG before enrollment (HR = 6.88, 95% CI: 1.58–29.84, p = .01) predicted subsequent PM/CRT implantation. Patients with PM/CRT implantation had a significantly higher risk for heart failure (HR = 2.67, 95% CI = 1.38–5.14, p = .003), but no increased mortality risk (HR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.46–2.46, p = .89).

Conclusion

The short‐term need for ventricular pacing or CRT implantation in patients with MADIT‐II ICD indication was low, especially in those with a normal baseline PR interval, and such patients are appropriate candidates for the subcutaneous ICD.
Characteristics of testicular cell development of 5‐day‐old mice in culture in vitro
Authors: Prasetyaningtyas Wahono Esthi , Karja Ni Wayan Kurniani , Agungpriyono Srihadi , Fahrudin Mokhamad
Published: January 2020

The crude testicular cells (CTCs) contain many cell types, such as Sertoli cells, leydig cells, spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), spermatocytes, and other somatic testicular cells, that secrete various growth factors needed in spermatogenesis. The objective of this study was to characterize development of 5‐day‐old mice testicular cells cultured. Crude testicular cells prepared from the testes of 5‐day‐old male mice were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium and incubated at 37°C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere for 6 days. The results demonstrated that the testicular cells developed rapidly with a population doubling time (PDT) of 0.63 days and more than 90% of cells were viable after being cultured for 3 days. The number of Sertoli‐like cells increased significantly over days 1, 3, and 6 to 22.1%, 34.6%, and 50.1%, respectively. A significant increase was also observed in fibroblast‐like cells (15.5% on day 1 to 28.8% on day 3 and to 26.6% on day 6). In contrast, the number of spermatogonia‐like cells decreased significantly (54.3%, 30.4%, and 18.7%, on days 1, 3, and 6, respectively). These data indicated that the developmental pattern of the testicular cell in this study might be affected by the niche provided by the cultured testicular cells.
Constructions and their Amendments in the Supervisory Process
Authors: Yerushalmi Hanoch
Published: January 2020

Similarly to therapists' interpretations, supervisors' constructions of their supervisees' therapeutic narratives emanate initially from complex internal processes which, during and after their articulation, undergo a sequence of amendments. These amendments occur in supervision when supervisors respond to validating responses of both the supervisees and the absent–present patients. Ogden (2005; International Journal of Psychoanalysis 86(5): 1265–80) recommends that supervisors develop tolerance toward ambiguity and doubts about the meaning of their supervisees' therapeutic narratives. I suggest that, in parallel, they need to develop tolerance toward ambiguity and doubts about formulating their constructions before and while articulating them. Such tolerance helps supervisors to bring their constructions closer to the supervisees' self‐experiences and to strengthen the sense of partnership with their supervisees in their struggle to understand patients' experiences and therapeutic processes.
Using Winnicott or Finding Winnicott?
Authors: Casement Patrick
Published: January 2020

The author suggests, in the title, a difference between using Winnicott's ideas, as in applying them, and finding Winnicott in clinical work. It is in finding examples that resonate to his ideas that we can see most directly what Winnicott had been writing about. And it is at those times of finding Winnicott that his ideas most vividly come alive.
MIS 3 sediment stratigraphy in southern Sweden sheds new light on the complex glacial history and dynamics across southern Scandinavia
Authors: Möller Per , Alexanderson Helena , Anjar Johanna , Björck Svante
Published: January 2020

Recent studies have revealed that areas with sediments pre‐dating the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) are more common in southern Scandinavia than previously thought. To describe and date these sediments, four deep core drillings were made in the province of Småland and one in the province of Skåne, southern Sweden, and an existing sediment core drilled in the 1960s from western Skåne was re‐examined and re‐dated, all resulting in a total of 22 AMS 14C ages and 19 OSL ages. With some variation, the Småland cores revealed a stratigraphy consisting of two tills separated by proglacial glacifluvial and glaciolacustrine sediments, dated to between 46 and 25 ka BP (Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 to 2). We suggest that these sediments were deposited during the ice retreat of the MIS 3 Ristinge glaciation over southern Scandinavia and the subsequent re‐advance over the area in late MIS 3 and the transition to MIS 2, when the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet advanced towards its LGM marginal positions. This contrasts with the glacial history of southernmost Skåne, where an additional MIS 3 glacial advance through the Baltic Basin is suggested by the occurrence of a till named Allarp Till. New ages from sediments under‐ and overlying this till suggest that it was deposited by the same Baltic ice advance that deposited the Klintholm till in Denmark (Klintholm Advance, c. 34–30 ka).
Challenges in the development and exploitation of new therapeutic options targeting the histaminergic system
Authors: Chazot Paul L. , Tiligada Ekaterini
Published: January 2020

LINKED ARTICLES

This article is part of a themed section on New Uses for 21st Century Antihistamines. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.3/issuetoc
Interventional endoscopic ultrasound for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms
Authors: Rimbaş Mihai , Horumbă Mihaela , Rizzatti Gianenrico , Crinò Stefano Francesco , Gasbarrini Antonio , Costamagna Guido , Larghi Alberto
Published: January 2020

The proximity of the endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) transducer to the pancreas and the possibility to place needles or other accessories into a target located adjacent to the wall of the GI tract have encouraged researchers to develop various EUS‐guided local treatments directed towards pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs). The use of pre‐operative EUS‐guided tattooing or fiducial marker placement to facilitate intraoperative tumor localization has proven effective in reducing operative time of laparoscopic surgeries. To reduce the mortality and morbidity rates of surgical resection, which is presently the mainstay treatment of PanNENs. EUS‐guided loco‐regional treatments, such as injection of alcohol and radiofrequency ablation have been proposed and results are hitherto promising. The present paper summarizes currently available data in the field of EUS‐guided interventions to pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, as well as possible future applications.
Short educational video to improve the accuracy of colorectal polyp size estimation: Multicenter prospective study
Authors: Utsumi Takahiro , Horimatsu Takahiro , Nishikawa Yoshitaka , Teramoto Akira , Hirata Daizen , Iwatate Mineo , Sano Yasushi , Seno Hiroshi
Published: January 2020

Background and Aim

Accurate polyp size estimation is necessary for appropriate management of colorectal polyps. Polyp size is often determined by subjective visual estimation in clinical situations; however, it is inaccurate, especially for beginner endoscopists. We aimed to clarify the usefulness of our short training video, available on the Internet, for accurate polyp size estimation.

Methods

We conducted a multicenter prospective controlled study in Japan. After completing a pretest composed of near and far images of 30 polyps, participants received the educational video lecture (<10 min long). The educational content included the knowledge of strategies based on polyp size and criteria for size estimation including the endoscopic equipment size and videos of polyps in vivo. After one month, the participants undertook a posttest. The primary outcome was a change in the accuracy of polyp size visual estimation between the pretest and posttest in beginners.

Results

Participants including 111 beginners, 52 intermediates, and 97 experts from 51 institutions completed both tests. Accuracy of polyp size estimation in the beginners showed a significant increase after the video lecture [54.1% (51.3–57.0%) to 59.0% (56.5–61.5%), P = 0.003]. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the category of beginners and a low score on pretest (P = 0.020 and <0.001, respectively) were the factors that contributed to an increase of ≥10% in the accuracy.

Conclusion

Our educational video led to an improvement in polyp size estimation in beginners. Furthermore, this video may be useful for non‐beginners with insufficient polyp size estimation accuracy.
Time‐dependent incidence and risk for myocardial infarction in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis
Authors: Deleuran Thomas , Schmidt Morten , Vilstrup Hendrik , Jepsen Peter
Published: January 2020

Background

It remains unsettled whether alcoholic cirrhosis is a risk factor for myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods

We used data from nationwide healthcare registries to study all Danes diagnosed with alcoholic cirrhosis in 1996‐2014, and five controls were matched to each of them on gender and age. We excluded everyone with ischaemic heart disease and used Cox regression to estimate the incidence rate ratio of MI adjusted for potential cardiovascular confounders. Further, we described the MI‐risk with non‐MI death as a competing risk.

Results

We included 22 867 patients (67% men) with a median age of 57 years. During the first year of follow‐up, their incidence rate ratio of MI was increased to 1.24 (95% CI: 0.94‐1.62), driven by the effect among women (2.13, 95% CI: 1.17‐3.87) and those with most severe cirrhosis (1.32, 95% CI: 0.91‐1.90). After the first year, the overall incidence rate ratio fell to (0.89, 95% CI: 0.76‐1.05). Patients were more likely to die from non‐MI causes (33.7% vs 1.0%), which protected them against MI. The overall 1‐year MI‐risk was similar in patients and controls: 0.38% (95% CI: 0.30‐0.47%) vs 0.34% (95% CI: 0.31‐0.38%). After five years of follow‐up, male patients had lower MI‐risk than their controls, whereas women with cirrhosis had an increased MI‐risk throughout follow‐up.

Conclusions

The incidence rate of MI was increased the first year following a diagnosis of alcoholic cirrhosis, in particular in women and those with most severe liver disease. Due to the competing risk of non‐MI mortality, the MI‐risk was not increased.
Should Anger Be Encouraged in the Classroom? Political Education, Closed‐Mindedness, and Civic Epiphany
Authors: Yacek Douglas
Published: January 2020

In light of recent political developments in Western democracies, several political commentators and theorists have argued that encouraging anger in citizens may contribute to social justice and should therefore constitute an aim of civic education. In this article, Douglas Yacek investigates these claims in depth. In doing so, he expands on previous work on the political and educational significance of anger — particularly by critical and “agonistic” theorists of civic education — in two distinct ways. First, Yacek explores the psychological costs and benefits of cultivating student anger. Second, he examines the potential cultural effects of anger in Western democratic societies. While sympathetic to the defenses of anger that have been recently offered in political and educational theory, Yacek concludes that we should be cautious about embracing anger in civic education. In particular, he argues that anger involves serious psychological risk, may exacerbate the social problems that it sets out to solve, and can lead to a disposition of adversarial and politically counterproductive closed‐mindedness. In the closing sections, Yacek suggests that experiences he calls “civic epiphanies” are central to cultivating a politically beneficial form of open‐mindedness, and argues that such experiences should therefore be encouraged in civic education.
Teaching for Open‐Mindedness: A Justice‐Oriented Approach
Authors: Dozono Tadashi , Taylor Rebecca M.
Published: January 2020

Abstract

This article explores the pedagogical virtue of open‐mindedness in practice and its relationship to epistemic justice through analysis of a fictional, narrative case. The case focuses on a young white woman who attempts to implement a pedagogy of open‐mindedness as she teaches a unit on the civil rights movement. After presenting the case scenario, Tadashi Dozono and Rebecca Taylor examine three tensions that arise for teachers as they seek to enact a pedagogy of open‐mindedness. First, what form of open‐mindedness should guide them? Second, how should they respond to limits in their own knowledge and understanding? And finally, how should teachers exercise authority within a pedagogy of open‐mindedness? Their analysis confronts the tension between the teacher's own open‐mindedness, on the one hand, and the teacher's subject position, on the other. Through this exploration of open‐mindedness, Dozono and Taylor argue that, in practice, teachers must counteract legacies of epistemic injustice as a necessary part of cultivating their own and their students' access to open‐mindedness.
The Arts and Open‐Mindedness
Authors: Verducci Susan
Published: January 2020

Open‐mindedness is typically considered an intellectual virtue that brings humans into (closer) contact with reality and its complexities. In this essay, Susan Verducci expands the ways we typically think of cultivating open‐mindedness in classrooms to include the practice of engagement with the visual and performing arts. Working with the arts allows students and teachers to perceive and embody realities they would not normally experience. Specifically, the arts enable the drawing forth and exploration of multiple and subjective interpretations; the arts can therefore be uniquely productive in opening minds by helping one negotiate human perceptual constraints, by providing opportunities to enter standpoints other than one's own, and by encouraging the practice of living with uncertainty and ambiguity.
Proximity‐based cloud resource provisioning for deep learning applications in smart healthcare
Authors: Sivan Durga , Sellappa Mohan , J Dinesh Peter
Published: January 2020

Deep learning is a powerful technology that enables intelligent data processing in the smart healthcare domain. Inspired by the tremendous processing power of cloud computing, the training process and the model repository of deep learning are moved to the cloud. Cloud‐assisted deep learning applications enable smart mobile users to experience quick predictive results. Health professionals use smart mobile devices to convey recordings of the patient and to receive the best inference results. The mobility of these devices causes severe performance degradation as it increases the distance between its current location and the edge cloud where the virtual machines are provisioned. Therefore, mobility‐based resource provisioning to identify a suitable server based on deadline constraints, available resources, and cost metrics is crucial. This paper proposes a proximity‐based resource provisioning technique that guarantees minimal delay in obtaining inference results with a local mobile cloud system. The proposed technique comprises two algorithms (a) deadline‐based initial resource provisioning and (b) resource migration and provisioning at suitable cloudlet during location change. The proposed technique is implemented in a mobile cloud platform running the inference method of a smart mobile healthcare application. The performance results show that the proposed technique outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art techniques in terms of the response time, deadline meeting percentage, and system utilization.
A novel completeness definition of event logs and corresponding generation algorithm
Authors: Li Chuanyi , Ge Jidong , Wen Lijie , Kong Li , Chang Victor , Huang Liguo , Luo Bin
Published: January 2020

As the promotion of technologies and applications of Big Data, the research of business process management (BPM) has gradually deepened to consider the impacts and challenges of big business data on existing BPM technologies. Recently, parallel business process mining (e.g. discovering business models from business visual data, integrating runtime business data with interactive business process monitoring visualisation systems and summarising and visualising historical business data for further analysis, etc.) and multi‐perspective business data analytics (e.g. pattern detecting, decision‐making and process behaviour predicting, etc.) have been intensively studied considering the steep increase in business data size and type. However, comprehensive and in‐depth testing is needed to ensure their quality. Testing based solely on existing business processes and their system logs is far from sufficient. Large‐scale randomly generated models and corresponding complete logs should be used in testing. To test parallel algorithms for discovering process models, different log completeness and generation algorithms were proposed. However, they suffer from either state space explosion or non‐full‐covering task dependencies problem. Besides, most existing generation algorithms rely on random executing strategy, which leads to low and unstable efficiency. In this paper, we propose a novel log completeness type, that is, #TAR completeness, as well as its generation algorithm. The experimental results based on a series of randomly generated process models show that the #TAR complete logs outperform the state‐of‐the‐art ones with lower capacity, fuller dependencies covering and higher generating efficiency.
Elevated levels of tumour apolipoprotein D independently predict poor outcome in breast cancer patients
Authors: Jankovic‐Karasoulos Tanja , Bianco‐Miotto Tina , Butler Miriam S , Butler Lisa M , McNeil Catriona M , O’Toole Sandra A , Millar Ewan K A , Sakko Andrew J , Ruiz Alexandra I , Birrell Stephen N , Sutherland Robert L , Hickey Theresa E , Tilley Wayne D , Ricciardelli Carmela
Published: January 2020

Aims

Apolipoprotein D (ApoD) is a protein that is regulated by androgen and oestrogen, and is a major constituent of breast cysts. Although ApoD has been reported to be a marker of breast cancer, its prognostic importance in invasive breast cancer is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between ApoD protein expression, oestrogen receptor‐α (ERα) expression and androgen receptor (AR) expression in predicting breast cancer outcome.

Methods and results

ApoD levels were measured by the use of immunohistochemistry and video image analysis on tissue sections from a breast cancer cohort (n = 214). We assessed the associations of ApoD expression with disease‐free survival (DFS), metastasis‐free survival (MFS), and overall survival (OS). We also assessed the relationship between ApoD expression, AR expression and ERα expression in predicting OS. ApoD expression (>1% ApoD positivity) was found in 72% (154/214) of tissues. High ApoD positivity (≥20.7%, fourth quartile) was an independent predictor of MFS and OS, and conferred a 2.2‐fold increased risk of developing metastatic disease and a 2.1‐fold increased risk of breast cancer‐related death. ApoD positivity was not associated with AR or ERα nuclear positivity. However, patients with (≥1%) ERα‐positive cancers with low (<20.7%) ApoD positivity, or those showing high (≥78%) AR positivity and low (<20.7%) ApoD positivity had better OS than other patient groups.

Conclusions

ApoD expression could be used to predict breast cancer prognosis independently of ERα and AR expression.
Study of effects of fipronil and fipronil sulphone on meat nutritional quality and validation of confirmatory GC‐MS/MS method for their analysis
Authors: Nardelli Valeria , Albenzio Marzia , Gesualdo Giuseppe , d’Angelo Francesca , della Malva Antonella , Della Rovere Ines , Scarpiello Alessandro , Casamassima Francesco , Marino Rosaria
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study was to validate the method for detection and quantification of fipronil and fipronil sulphone in meat products and study the effects of these pollutants on meat nutritional quality. The determination coefficients (R2) of the analytes were 0.999, while intra‐laboratory CV% for repeatability and reproducibility ranged from 0.83% to 19.19%. Meat nutritional quality was assessed before and after the addition of analytes in meat samples. Both total and essential amino acids in meat decreased (P < 0.001) with increasing levels of added analytes, suggesting their detrimental effect on meat amino acid composition. The amino acid composition of meat did not show an univocal behaviour as consequence of fipronil and fipronil sulphone addition. In particular, aspartate, glutamate, arginine (P < 0.05), threonine, alanine, lysine and proline (P < 0.001) showed a significant decrease with increasing levels of added analytes, while serine (P < 0.001) evidenced an opposite trend.
Temporomandibular dysfunction assessment in children treated with the Hall Technique: A pilot study
Authors: Kaya Mustafa Sarp , Kınay Taran Pınar , Bakkal Meltem
Published: January 2020

Background

The Hall technique (HT) involves the placement of stainless steel crowns for treating asymptomatic carious primary teeth without tooth preparation or caries excavation.

Aim

To investigate whether temporomandibular dysfunction (TM‐D) manifests in children after HT.

Design

Healthy children (age: 5‐9 years) with dentin caries were treated with HT in a university clinic, and TM‐D signs and symptoms were monitored in this cohort clinical trial. The primary outcome was TM‐D signs recorded using the clinical dysfunction index (Di) at pre‐treatment: 0‐, 1‐, 3‐, 6‐, and 12‐month follow‐up visits. The secondary outcome was TM‐D symptoms recorded using a questionnaire. The Di and symptoms were compared over time using McNemar's tests.

Results

Thirty‐nine children were followed for 12 months after HT treatment. Four children were detected as having dysfunction signs throughout the study: muscle pain on palpation and clicking. The symptoms ‘hearing a sound within the jaw joint’ or ‘bite felt uncomfortable or unusual’ were reported by another four children. The Di and TM‐D symptoms were not significantly different between pre‐treatment and follow‐up visits (P > .05).

Conclusions

The HT does not seem to be connected to TM‐D. Alternative TM‐D assessment tools for studying non‐persistent symptoms more comprehensively might be useful for future studies.
An integrated experimental‐computational study of the microclimate under dressings applied to intact weight‐bearing skin
Authors: Schwartz Dafna , Gefen Amit
Published: January 2020

Pressure ulcers (PUs) are one of the most prevalent adverse events in acute and chronic care. The root aetiological cause of PUs is sustained cell and tissue deformations, which triggers a synergistic tissue damage cascade that accelerates over relatively short time periods. Changes in skin microclimate conditions are known to indirectly contribute to PU‐risk levels or to exacerbation of existing wounds. It is therefore surprising that information concerning heat accumulation under dressings is poor. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of dressings on the microclimate of weight‐bearing buttocks skin in 1‐hour supine lying sessions. Using a novel and originally developed experimental‐computational approach, we compared the combined influence of the mechanical and thermal properties of a polymeric membrane dressing (PolyMem, Ferris Mfg. Corp., Fort Worth, TX) on skin microclimate under and near the dressings with those of a standard placebo foam dressing. We specifically identified the thermal conductivity properties of dressings as being highly important in the context of protective dressing performances, given its association with potential heat accumulation under dressings. Accordingly, this article highlights, for the first time in the literature, the relevance of thermal properties of a dressing in effectively mitigating the risk of developing PUs or aggravating an injury, and offers a systematic, methodological bioengineering process for assessing the thermal performances of dressings.
Market Analysis, Technical Change and Income Distribution in Semi‐Subsistence Agriculture: the Case of Bangladesh
Authors: Alauddin Mohammad , Tisdell Clem
Published: January 2020

For the first time, the model developed by Hayami and Herdt is applied to determine gains from modern varieties of rice in Bangladesh and the distribution of these gains between consumers and producers. The results suggest that consumers' surplus is much greater than it would have been had the high yielding crop varieties (HYVs) not been introduced. By keeping the real price lower than it would have been otherwise, the modern varieties have tended to be income equalizing for urban consumers. The Hayami‐Herdt partial model even suggests that, given the relatively inelastic demand for rice in Bangladesh, the real cash income of producers has risen slightly as a result of these new technologies. In reality, however, the impact of these changes on incomes of farmers and the distribution of income between those involved in production is more complex. It is suggested that if a less partial view is taken and if account is taken of lower cost of obtaining home‐consumed produce, the increase in income may be greater. In any event, there are dangers in using such a partial model to predict the developmental consequences of technological changes affecting a staple crop, and attention needs also to be given to the possibility that the supply curve may not have the simple form and pivot in the way supposed by Hayami and Herdt. While the Hayami‐Herdt model is simple to apply, it is best used as a first approximation or starting point rather than a final solution. It ignores a number of criteria that could be important in assessing new agricultural technologies, such as their impact on the variability of benefits to producers and consumers and their consequences for sustainability of production. Furthermore, the Hayami‐Herdt model does not deal specifically with changes in factor shares in farm production. Nor does it consider the impact on income distribution of the ownership and control of critical input like irrigation and imperfection in the rural credit market. It is pointed out in our paper that the adoption of HYVs has been associated with important variations in factor shares in Bangladeshi rice production. Analysis of available farm level data indicates that the relative share of labour has fallen, suggesting an uneven distribution of gains from technological changes between the owners of non‐labour resources and those of labour resources. However, the absolute share of labour has increased, and it seems that rural employment has risen as result of the new technologies.
Risk‐Taking Preferences of Farmers in Northern Thailand: Measurements and Implications
Authors: Grisley William , Kellog Earl
Published: January 2020

Risk‐taking preferences were elicited from small semi‐commercial farmers in Northern Thailand using an experimental procedure that included real monetary payoffs of meaningful magnitudes. A total of five sets of lotteries with increasing payoffs were offered. The farmers were found to be risk averters, and their preferences conformed to the hypothesis of increasing (nondecreasing) partial relative risk aversion. Using regression analysis, farmers' expected variation of rice yields and farm size were found to be directly related to a decrease in risk aversion, while the extent of multiple cropping, availability of non‐land household assets, and tested mathematical ability were found to be indirectly related to a decrease in risk aversion. The variables expected variation of rice prices, farmers' age, and tested abstract ability scores were not related to risk‐taking preferences.