bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The radion as a dark matter candidate
Authors: Abu-Ajamieh Fayez
Published: August 2018

I study a class of Randall–Sundrum (RS) models with Spontaneous Breaking of Scale Invariance (SBSI). This class of models implements the Contino–Pomarol–Rattazzi (CPR) mechanism to achieve SBSI through the small running of an external close-to-marginal scale-breaking operator that leads to a light dilaton/radion with couplings to matter suppressed by the small running. I show that for radion masses [Formula: see text] KeV, it can serve as a dark matter (DM) candidate, with a lifetime longer than the age of the universe, and show that the experimental bounds from LHC, non-Newtonian gravity and Axion-Like Particle (ALP) searches allow for the existence of such a radion. In spite of the small relic abundance of the light radion produced in this model, we show that it could be possible to obtain the required abundance through additional assumptions, an issue we postpone to the future.
Design and Analysis of a Novel Low-Power Exclusive-OR Gate Based on Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata
Authors: Chen Haotian , Lv Hongjun , Zhang Zhang , Cheng Xin , Xie Guangjun
Published: August 2018

Recently reported quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) exclusive-OR gate designs are usually made with the AND–OR–INVERTER method in which it is difficult to optimize the XOR gate. This paper presents a novel low-power exclusive-OR (XOR) gate which is mainly based on cell-level format. Compared with the previous XOR gates, the proposed XOR gate performs in a different manner. This XOR gate design is accomplished by the intercellular effects method. For better performance comparison with previous relevant works, 4-, 8-, 16- and 32-bit parity generators are implemented in this paper. The simulation results show that there is a reduction of 32.5% cell count and 21.5% area in comparison with the existing advanced 32-bit parity generator. Especially in the aspect of clock cycle, the proposed design reduces the delay by 50% compared to the previous design. For simulation analysis, QCADesigner tool is used to verify the correctness of the proposed design. QCApro tool is used to evaluate the power dissipation of this design.
Feature Selection Method Based on Weighted Mutual Information for Imbalanced Data
Authors: Li Kewen , Yu Mingxiao , Liu Lu , Li Timing , Zhai Jiannan
Published: August 2018

The class imbalance problem has negative effects on the performance of feature selection in imbalanced data. Traditional feature selection algorithms always study on the balanced class distribution of the data and improve the overall classification accuracy for the optimization goal, which tends to be overwhelmed by the large classes, ignoring the small ones. This paper proposes a novel feature selection method based on the weighted mutual information (WMI) for the imbalanced data, defined as WMI algorithm. The WMI algorithm assigns different weights to the samples based on the fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering algorithm and then calculates the mutual information based on the weight of each sample. This paper used the AUC as the evaluation criterion of the selected feature. At last, four unbalanced datasets from NASA software defect datasets are used to validate the proposed approach. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves higher prediction accuracy of both minority class and majority class.
OVERALL PSD AND FRACTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TIGHT OIL RESERVOIRS: A CASE STUDY OF LUCAOGOU FORMATION IN JUNGGAR BASIN, CHINA
Authors: WANG XIXIN , HOU JIAGEN , LIU YUMING , ZHAO PEIQIANG , MA KE , WANG DONGMEI , REN XIAOXU , YAN LIN
Published: August 2018

Lucaogou tight oil reservoir, located in the Junggar Basin, Northwest of China, is one of the typical tight oil reservoirs. Complex lithology leads to a wide pore size distribution (PSD), ranging from several nanometers to hundreds of micrometers. To better understand PSD and fractal features of Lucaogou tight oil reservoir, the experiment methods including scanning electron microscope (SEM), rate-controlled mercury injection (RMI) and pressure-controlled mercury injection (PMI) were performed on the six samples with different lithology. The results indicate that four types of pores exist in Lucaogou tight oil reservoir, including dissolution pores, clay dominated pores, microfractures and inter-granular pores. A combination of PMI and RMI was proposed to calculate the overall PSD of tight oil reservoirs, the overall pore radius of Lucaogou tight oil reservoir ranges from 3.6[Formula: see text]nm to 500[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m. The fractal analysis was carried out based on the PMI data. Fractal dimension (Fd) values varied between 2.843 and 2.913 with a mean value of 2.88. Fd increases with a decrease of quartz content and an increase of clay mineral content. Samples from tight oil reservoirs with smaller average pore radius have stronger complexity of pore structure. Fractal dimension shows negative correlations with porosity and permeability. In addition, fractal characteristics of different tight reservoirs were compared and analyzed.
Cubic spline wavelets with four vanishing moments on the interval and their applications to option pricing under Kou model
Authors: Černá Dana
Published: August 2018

The paper is concerned with the construction of a cubic spline wavelet basis on the unit interval and an adaptation of this basis to the first-order homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. The wavelets have four vanishing moments and they have the shortest possible support among all cubic spline wavelets with four vanishing moments corresponding to B-spline scaling functions. We provide a rigorous proof of the stability of the basis in the space [Formula: see text] or its subspace incorporating boundary conditions. To illustrate the applicability of the constructed bases, we apply the wavelet-Galerkin method to option pricing under the double exponential jump-diffusion model and we compare the results with other cubic spline wavelet bases and with other methods.
Offset surface pencil with a common asymptotic curve
Authors: Güler Fatma , Bayram Ergi̇n , Kasap Emi̇n
Published: August 2018

Let [Formula: see text] be a parameter and an asymptotic curve on a surface [Formula: see text] We obtain conditions for offsets [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] such that the image [Formula: see text] of the curve [Formula: see text] is a common asymptotic on each offset. We illustrate the method with an example.
WHAT DRIVES ENTERPRISE PRODUCT INNOVATION? ASSESSING HOW REGIONAL, NATIONAL, AND INTERNATIONAL INTER-FIRM COLLABORATION COMPLEMENT OR SUBSTITUTE FOR R&D INVESTMENTS
Authors: AARSTAD JARLE , KVITASTEIN OLAV ANDREAS , JAKOBSEN STIG-ERIK
Published: August 2018

We study whether regional, national, and international inter-firm collaboration complement or substitute for enterprise R&D investments as drivers of product innovation. Analysing a large-scale dataset of 6,584 Norwegian enterprises, we find that for enterprises without R&D investments, regional collaboration, in particular, has a positive innovation effect. Unsurprisingly, R&D investments also have a positive innovation effect, but more interestingly; for enterprises with R&D investments, international collaboration has an additive effect, whereas regional and national collaboration have no effect. The findings imply that regional collaboration, in particular, substitutes for enterprise R&D investments as a driver of product innovation, whereas international collaboration has an additive and complementary effect. We moreover find that in particular enterprises with R&D investments, but without international collaboration, are more innovative the smaller they are. Conversely, enterprises with R&D investments have a stronger innovation effect from international collaboration the larger they are.
Spatially Referenced Decision Analysis of Long-Term Forest Management Scenarios in Southwestern Finland
Authors: Sironen Susanna , Mononen Laura
Published: August 2018

Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) of regional level long-term forest management scenarios was conducted by applying spatially explicit information to examine the trade-offs between ecological, economic and social impacts. Interval scale judgements were applied to mapped and numerical information jointly, while assessing the performance of alternative scenarios. The experts relied mostly on the numerical information, with which they might have been more confident and familiar. The weight elicitation was based on SMART using Swings (SMARTS) and SMART Exploiting Ranks (SMARTER). SMARTS resulted in two scenarios being quite equal either due to experts truly considering them equally important or being unconfident to express their weights applying SMARTS. SMARTER was considered more understandable, but lead to total utilities having wider range. However, impact information had a greater effect on the overall utility than the weighting. Future insights include use of dynamic approach, considering the issue more from ecosystem services point of view and tighter integration of participatory MCDA and geographic information systems (GIS).
An Energy–Capacity inequality for Legendrian submanifolds
Authors: Dimitroglou Rizell Georgios , Sullivan Michael G.
Published: August 2018

We prove that the number of Reeb chords between a Legendrian submanifold and its contact Hamiltonian push-off is at least the sum of the [Formula: see text]-Betti numbers of the submanifold, provided that the contact isotopy is sufficiently small when compared to the smallest Reeb chord on the Legendrian. Moreover, the established invariance enables us to use two different contact forms: one for the count of Reeb chords and another for the measure of the smallest length, under the assumption that there is a suitable symplectic cobordism from the latter to the former. The size of the contact isotopy is measured in terms of the oscillation of the contact Hamiltonian, together with the maximal factor by which the contact form is shrunk during the isotopy. The main tool used is a Mayer–Vietoris sequence for Lagrangian Floer homology, obtained by “neck-stretching” and “splashing”.
Interdependent Hegemony: China’s Rise Under the Emerging New World Order
Authors: Li Xing , Zhang Shengjun
Published: August 2018

To better assess the global impact of the ascendance of emerging powers brought about by globalization, this paper attempts to provide a conceptual framework of “interdependent hegemony,” which can serve as an alternative conceptual tool for analyzing the dynamics between the role of emerging powers as a counter-hegemonic, socio-political force and the hegemonic resilience of the existing international order. The paper also regards the capitalist world economy as a dynamic system which is under constant changes over time, whereas certain basic features of the system remain in place. It is argued that despite the rise of emerging powers, the functioning of the world economy will always generate inequalities with positional changes in the stratification of the core-semiperiphery-periphery structure. In this context, the rise of China as both a recipient and provider of global production and investment is fundamentally a positive driving force behind the evolution of the world system.
Geikielite: an illustrated account of the co-type specimens
Authors: Betterton John
Published: August 2018

The co-type and other examples of the rare mineral geikielite housed in the Natural History Museum, London are described. The history of the specimens is traced from 1892 and illustrated. A short review of geikielite is provided, together with notes on its occurrence.
HER2/EGFR–AKT Signaling Switches TGFβ from Inhibiting Cell Proliferation to Promoting Cell Migration in Breast Cancer
Authors: Huang Fei , Shi Qiaoni , Li Yuzhen , Xu Linlin , Xu Chi , Chen Fenfang , Wang Hai , Liao Hongwei , Chang Zai , Liu Fang , Zhang Xiang H.-F. , Feng Xin-Hua , Han Jing-Dong J. , Luo Shiwen , Chen Ye-Guang
Published: August 2018

TGFβ signaling inhibits cell proliferation to block cancer initiation, yet it also enhances metastasis to promote malignancy during breast cancer development. The mechanisms underlying these differential effects are still unclear. Here, we report that HER2/EGFR signaling switches TGFβ function in breast cancer cells from antiproliferation to cancer promotion. Inhibition of HER2/EGFR activity attenuated TGFβ–induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition and migration but enhanced the antiproliferative activity of TGFβ. Activation of HER2/EGFR induced phosphorylation of Smad3 at Ser208 of the linker region through AKT, which promoted the nuclear accumulation of Smad3 and subsequent expression of the genes related to EMT and cell migration. In contrast, HER2/EGFR signaling had no effects on the nuclear localization of Smad2. Knockdown of Smad3, but not Smad2, blocked TGFβ–induced breast cancer cell migration. We observed a positive correlation between the nuclear localization of Smad3 and HER2 activation in advanced human breast cancers. Our results demonstrate a key role for HER2/EGFR in differential regulation of Smad3 activity to shift TGFβ function from antitumorigenic to protumorigenic during breast cancer development.

Significance: TGFβ signaling can shift from inhibiting to promoting breast cancer development via HER2/EGFR AKT-mediated phosphorylation of Smad3 at S208, enhancing its nuclear accumulation and upregulation of EMT-related genes.

Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/21/6073/F1.large.jpg. Cancer Res; 78(21); 6073–85. ©2018 AACR.
Consecutive Day HSP90 Inhibitor Administration Improves Efficacy in Murine Models of KIT-Driven Malignancies and Canine Mast Cell Tumors
Authors: London Cheryl A. , Acquaviva Jaime , Smith Donald L. , Sequeira Manuel , Ogawa Luisa Shin , Gardner Heather L. , Bernabe Louis Feo , Bear Misty D. , Bechtel Sandra A. , Proia David A.
Published: August 2018

Purpose:

STA-1474, prodrug of the heat shock protein 90 inhibitor (HSP90i) ganetespib, previously demonstrated activity in canine preclinical models of cancer; interestingly, prolonged infusions were associated with improved biologic activity. The purpose of this study was to identify the ideal treatment schedule for HSP90i in preclinical models of KIT-driven malignancies and in dogs with spontaneous mast cell tumors (MCT), where KIT is a known driver.

Experimental Design:

In vitro and murine xenograft experiments and clinical studies in dogs with MCTs were used to define the effects of HSP90i-dosing regimen on client protein downregulation and antitumor activity.

Results:

Continuous HSP90 inhibition led to durable destabilization of client proteins in vitro; however, transient exposure required >10× drug for comparable effects. In vivo, KIT was rapidly degraded following a single dose of HSP90i but returned to baseline levels within a day. HSP90 levels increased and stabilized 16 hours after HSP90i and were not elevated following a subsequent near-term exposure, providing a functional pool of chaperone to stabilize proteins and a means for greater therapeutic activity upon HSP90i reexposure. HSP90i administered on days 1 and 2 (D1/D2) demonstrated increased biologic activity compared with D1 treatment in KIT or EGFR-driven murine tumor models. In a trial of dogs with MCT, D1/D2 dosing of HSP90i was associated with sustained KIT downregulation, 50% objective response rate and 100% clinical benefit rate compared with D1 and D1/D4 schedules.

Conclusions:

These data provide further evidence that prolonged HSP90i exposure improves biologic activity through sustained downregulation of client proteins.
A Leukocyte Infiltration Score Defined by a Gene Signature Predicts Melanoma Patient Prognosis
Authors: Zhao Yanding , Schaafsma Evelien , Gorlov Ivan P. , Hernando Eva , Thomas Nancy E. , Shen Ronglai , Turk Mary Jo , Berwick Marianne , Amos Christopher I. , Cheng Chao
Published: August 2018

Melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer in the United States with an increasing incidence. Melanoma lesions often exhibit high immunogenicity, with infiltrating immune cells playing important roles in regression of tumors occurring spontaneously or caused by therapeutic treatment. Computational and experimental methods have been used to estimate the abundance of immune cells in tumors, but their applications are limited by the requirement of large gene sets or multiple antibodies. Although the prognostic role of immune cells has been appreciated, a systematic investigation of their association with clinical factors, genomic features, prognosis and treatment response in melanoma is still lacking. This study, identifies a 25-gene signature based on RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)—Skin Cutaneous Melanoma (TCGA-SKCM) dataset. This signature was used to calculate sample-specific Leukocyte Infiltration Scores (LIS) in six independent melanoma microarray datasets and scores were found to vary substantially between different melanoma lesion sites and molecular subtypes. For metastatic melanoma, LIS was prognostic in all datasets with high LIS being associated with good survival. The current approach provided additional prognostic information over established clinical factors, including age, tumor stage, and gender. In addition, LIS was predictive of patient survival in stage III melanoma, and treatment efficacy of tumor-specific antigen vaccine.

Implications:

This study identifies a 25-gene signature that effectively estimates the level of immune cell infiltration in melanoma, which provides a robust biomarker for predicting patient prognosis.
2D Parametric Parenchymal Blood Flow as a Predictor of the Hemorrhagic Events after Endovascular Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Elsaid Nada , Saied Ahmed , Joshi Krishna , Nelson Jessica , Baumgart John , Lopes Demetrius
Published: August 2018

Background and Purpose: Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the major adverse events related to the endovascular management of acute ischemic stroke. It is important to evaluate the risk of ICH as it may result in clinical deterioration of the patients. Development of tools which can predict the risk of ICH after thrombectomy can reduce the procedure-related morbidity and mortality. 2D parenchymal blood flow could potentially act as an indicator for ICH. Methods: 2D parenchymal blood flow was used to evaluate pre- and postthrombectomy digital subtraction angiography series of patients with acute ischemic stroke in the anterior circulation. A recently developed software allows the separation of the vascular filling and parenchymal blush signals using band-pass and band-reject filtering to allow for greater visibility of the parenchyma offering a better visual indicator of the effect of treatment. The “wash-in rate” was selected as the parameter of interest to predict ICH. Results: According to the presence or absence of signs of intracranial parenchymal hemorrhage in the follow-up dual-energy CT brain scans, the patients were classified into a hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic group (15 patients each). The only significant difference between the groups is the calculated wash-in rate after thrombectomy (p = 0.024). The cutoff value of the wash-in rate after thrombectomy was suggested to be 11,925.0, with 60% sensitivity to predict the hemorrhage and 93.3% specificity. Conclusions: Elevated parametric parenchymal blood flow wash-in rates after thrombectomy may be associated with increased risk of hemorrhagic events.
Colorectal Cancer in People with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Willis Diane , Samalin Emmanuelle , Satgé Daniel
Published: August 2018

People with intellectual disabilities (PWIDs) are now living longer; thus, the incidence of cancer within this population is increasing. Available data indicate an excess of digestive tract cancers in PWIDs, but colorectal cancer has rarely been specifically studied and has not been extensively reviewed. This is despite risk factors such as being overweight, obesity, and lack of exercise being more frequent in PWIDs. In this article, we examine the literature on the frequency, screening, and treatment of colorectal cancer in PWIDs by as sessing 4 databases, Medline, EBSCO-CINHL, ASSIA, and PsychLIT, from 1970 to February 2017. Findings indicate that the frequency trends slightly higher than that found in the general population. Screening presents a unique opportunity to discover early colorectal cancer, but is underused in PWIDs compared to the general population. Furthermore, the clinical presentation is frequently masked, particularly by challenging behaviours, and colorectal cancer is therefore often diagnosed late, making treatment difficult due to the advanced stage of these tumours. To improve the care of PWIDs, we need more resources to support them and their caregivers, and to increase awareness of the risk factors and signs and symptoms of colorectal cancer.
Safety and Potential Therapeutic Effect of Two Intracavernous Autologous Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells injections in Diabetic Patients with Erectile Dysfunction: An Open Label Phase I Clinical Trial
Authors: Al Demour Saddam , Jafar Hanan , Adwan Sofia , AlSharif Abedallatif , Alhawari Hussam , Alrabadi Adel , Zayed Ayman , Jaradat Ahmad , Awidi Abdalla
Published: August 2018

Objectives: This open label, phase I clinical trial (NCT02945462) using 2 consecutive intracavernous autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) for the first time in the treatment of diabetic patients with erectile dysfunction (ED). The primary outcome is to assess the safety and tolerability of intracavernous autologous BM-MSCs, the secondary outcome is to assess efficacy of the procedure. Patients and Methods: Four diabetic patients with refractory ED were included. Two consecutive intracavernous autologous BM-MSC injections were performed. Tolerability was assessed immediately and at 24 h, safety was evaluated for 2 years. Efficacy was assessed using International Index of Erectile Function-15 (IIEF-15) and Erection Hardness Score (EHS) for 12 months. Results: procedure was well tolerated and no patients reported significant adverse effects. There was significant improvement of IIEF-15 and EHS; IIEF-15 (p = 0.04), Erectile Function (p = 0.03), Sexual Desire (p = 0.04), Intercourse Satisfaction (p = 0.04), and Overall Satisfaction (p = 0.04). Conclusion: This is the first human study with proven tolerability, safety and efficacy of intracavernous autologous BM-MSC injections for treatment of diabetic patients with ED.
Accelerated Pubertal Tempo in a 46,XY Aromatase-Deficient Patient
Authors: Costanzo Mariana , Garcia-Feyling José , Saraco Nora , Marino Roxana , Pérez Garrido Natalia , Touzon Maria Sol , Viterbo Gisela , Lazzati Juan Manuel , Patiño Hellem Carolina , Mattone Celeste , Maceiras Mercedes , Belgorosky Alicia , Guercio Gabriela
Published: August 2018

Background: Aromatase deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. 46,XY-affected patients often remain undiagnosed until late puberty. Only 2 pediatric cases have been reported. Data on pubertal development in affected males are scarce. Aim: To report the clinical phenotype and hormonal studies of an aromatase-deficient boy during the prepubertal and early pubertal period. Results: The patient was the older brother of a 46,XX girl with aromatase deficiency. Molecular analysis revealed a previously reported homozygous mutation (Arg192Cys) in the CYP19A1 gene. Pubertal onset was at 9.8 years. At 11.3 years of age, signs of rapidly progressive puberty were seen. Laboratory tests revealed normal pubertal basal and GnRH-stimulated gonadotropin levels, normal Sertoli cell markers, and increased testosterone. The prepubertal lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) was normal but pubertal bone mineral accrual was incomplete, leading to osteopenia. Conclusion: Estrogen restraint on gonadotropin secretion has been demonstrated in animal and human models. Interestingly, our patient presented with accelerated puberty and apparently normal pituitary gonadal function. These findings suggest that aromatase activity may be required to define pubertal progression in boys. Estrogen deficiency due to aromatase deficiency is responsible for insufficient bone mineral accrual during puberty.
Case Study of Onychomycosis Patients Treated with 1,064-nm Nd:YAG Laser
Authors: Espírito Santo Rachel Bertolani do , Deps Patrícia Duarte
Published: August 2018

Onychomycosis is the most frequent nail disease, with an estimated prevalence of 2–8%. Current treatment strategies include the use of oral and topical antifungals, despite low cure rates following these treatments. The objectives of this study were to assess the therapeutic response of patients with onychomycosis to 1,064-nm Nd:YAG laser treatment, the clinical evaluation method available for this therapy, and the possible side effects of this treatment. Twenty patients with onychomycosis underwent laser therapy. A total of 34 nails with onychomycosis were assessed according to the Onychomycosis Severity Index (OSI). This index generates scores that classify onychomycosis as mild, moderate, or severe. The OSI was determined before treatment and after a mean follow-up period of 8 months. The comparison between the initial and the final OSI for all 34 nails treated with laser therapy showed a significant difference; however, a low association was shown between these variables. A general reduction in the area of involvement and in the OSI numerical scores was observed. These data show a trend toward improvement in onychomycosis treated with 1,064-nm Nd:YAG laser. The OSI allowed an adequate clinical assessment of the response to laser therapy. Laser treatment did not cause marked discomfort in most patients, indicating that laser is a well-tolerated procedure.
Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome Relapse after 52 Years of Remission: A Case Report
Authors: Yamabe Hideaki , Kaizuka Mitsuaki , Tsunoda Satoru , Shimada Michiko
Published: August 2018

Minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children and can also present in adults. Corticosteroids generally induce remission of MCNS, and relapses are common after reduction or discontinuation of corticosteroids. We experienced a rare case of steroid-sensitive MCNS where the patient relapsed after 52 years of remission. The patient was a 61-year-old Japanese male who visited our clinic for an edema of the lower extremities which had already persisted for a few days. Laboratory testing showed massive urinary protein and low serum total protein and albumin levels. Therefore, he was diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. He had a history of nephrotic syndrome that initially developed when he was 5 years old. Although corticosteroids reduced the urinary protein level, frequent relapses occurred when their doses were reduced, or when they were discontinued. He had previously experienced a relapse when he was 9 years old. For his current condition, treatment with corticosteroids and diuretics for 1 week reduced his edema and proteinuria. We suspected that this is a case of MCNS and that the present event is a relapse. Thus, we concluded that this is a very rare case of steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome that relapsed after 52 years of remission.
Resiliência em crianças e adolescentes vítimas de estresse precoce e maus-tratos na infância
Authors: Camargo Isabela Masucci de Lima , Fernandes Maria Neyrian De Fátima , Yakuwa Marina Sayuri , Carvalho Ana Maria Pimenta , Santos Patricia Leila dos , Gherardi-Donato Edilaine Cristina  Silva , Mello Débora Falleiros de
Published: August 2018

Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a resiliência em crianças e adolescentes que sofreram abusos na infância a partir de revisão da literatura científica. Revisão integrativa com evidências da literatura, nas bases de dados Web of Science, PubMed/Medline e PsycInfo, com os descritores resilience, psychological e child abuse. Foram encontrados 17 artigos, no período de 2011 e 2015. De acordo com a produção científica analisada, encontrou-se que os abusos na infância têm relação negativa com o desenvolvimento da resiliência e favorável ao surgimento de sintomatologia depressiva e ansiosa. Fatores como o apoio social e familiar apresentam relação positiva com a resiliência. Conclui-se que o desenvolvimento da resiliência em crianças e adolescentes vítimas de abuso pode atuar como fator protetor para estes indivíduos.
Four new species of Hexactinellida (Porifera) and a name replacement from the NE Pacific
Authors: REISWIG HENRY M.
Published: August 2018

Four new species of Hexactinellida are described from the northwest coast of North America. Two northern ones from bottom longline sablefish traps set on Bowie Seamount off northwest Canada are Pinulasma bowiensis and Rhabdocalyptus trichotis. Two southern forms picked by ROV from the wreck of USS Independence off San Francisco, California are Staurocalyptus pamelaturnerae and Hyalascus farallonensis. A fifth specimen from the southern site is considered conspecific with the junior homonym Farrea aculeata Schulze, and allowed renaming of that species as Farrea schulzei. These additions bring the number of Hexactinellida known from the area (30º–90º N) to 62 species.
Abyssocladia vaceleti (Porifera, Cladorhizidae): a new deep-sea carnivorous sponge from Patagonia
Authors: RÍOS PILAR , CRISTOBO JAVIER
Published: August 2018

This study describes a new species of carnivorous sponge (Family Cladorhizidae) collected in Patagonia, SW Atlantic, off Argentinean waters and the North of the Falkland Islands (Malvinas). The species described here, belongs to the genus Abyssocladia and was collected by dredging and trawling during IEO (Spanish Institute of Oceanography) cruises in the South West Atlantic Ocean from 2007 to 2010 under the Atlantis Project. Abyssocladia vaceleti sp. nov. is characterised by the possession of a long peduncle and flat body with bilaterally symmetrical and apical filaments with a skeleton of tornotes (often polytylotes), styles, abyssochelae, arcuate chelae, sigmancistras and acanthotylostrongyles. This species lives at depths of 901–1547 m.
New Poecilosclerida from mesophotic coral reefs and the deep-sea escarpment in the Pulley Ridge region, eastern Gulf of Mexico: Discorhabdella ruetzleri n.sp. (Crambeidae) and Hymedesmia (Hymedesmia) vaceleti n.sp. (Hymedesmiidae)
Authors: DÍAZ M. CRISTINA , POMPONI SHIRLEY A.
Published: August 2018

Pulley Ridge, a limestone ridge that extends nearly 300 km along the southwestern Florida shelf in the eastern Gulf of Mexico, supports a mesophotic coral ecosystem (59 to 94 m deep), surrounded by deeper waters. An ongoing evaluation of Porifera biodiversity observed and collected during expeditions by Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute (2003–2015) have shown the existence of approximately 102 sponge species, with at least 20 species new to science. The present paper describes two novel Poecilosclerida from mesophotic reefs and deep escarpments in the Pulley Ridge Region, Eastern Gulf of Mexico, namely Discorhabdella ruetzleri n.sp. (Crambeidae, Poecilosclerida) and Hymedesmia (Hymedesmia) vaceleti n. sp. (Hymedesmiidae, Poecilosclerida). This is the first record of Discorhabdella for the greater Caribbean and the Central West Atlantic. The skeleton of D. ruetzleri n.sp. includes the unique pseudoastrose acanthostyles of the genus, and it is distinct from congeners in the size ranges of the megascleres and in the occurrence of predominantly smooth instead of tuberose choanosomal and ectosomal subtylostyles. The intense blue color and the spicule combination of Hymesdesmia (H.) vaceleti n.sp. makes this species unique among other Hymedesmia spp. from the western Atlantic. The discovery represents a considerable expansion in the known biogeographical distribution of the genus Discorhabdella which is represented now by six species with a discrete geographic distribution (New Zealand, Azores, Western Mediterranean Sea, Eastern Pacific in Panama). This work is the first contribution to an ongoing effort to discover and document the importance of sponge biodiversity on mesophotic reefs and associated deep-water habitats in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean.
A Report on the Difference Between the Precipitation Records as Taken on the Standard Canadian and United States Rain-gauges
Authors: Denison F. Napier
Published: August 2018

Synopsis

This describes a comparison of rainfall observations as taken at the Victoria College on the Canadian standard rain gauge of 3.57 inch diameter, and the standard U. S. 8 inch gauge, and a similar comparison made at Seattle Weather Bureau. The results appear to show that the small gauge records more rainfall than the larger gauge, but the difference is less during windy weather. No cause for this difference is given at the present time. It is also pointed out that the cedar stick causes a displacement of .01 inch per inch in the 8 inch gauge.
Two Winter Storms Encountered by Columbus in 1493 Near the Azores*
Authors: Brooks Charles F.
Published: August 2018

Synopsis

The two severe storms that overtook Columbus on the return portion of his first voyage, when examined in the light of modern frontal theory, do not appear to have been simple circular storms, as previously thought, but disturbances marked by well developed fronts. The centers of both passed north of Columbus; he apparently experienced the warm sectors of both. The February storm seems to have had two cold fronts, and the March one a very sharp cold front. Storms of both kinds have been observed in the same portion of the Atlantic in recent years.
The Winds over New England in Relation to Topography*
Authors: Eustis Richard S.
Published: August 2018

Synopsis

When wind velocities obtained by pilot balloons are compared with those by kites and with observations on mountains, it is found that the speeds by pilot balloons, and to a lesser extent by kites, are quite deficient above 3 km, and to a lesser extent above 2 km, and even above 1 km, in the strongest winds. The ratios of mountain-top to free-air velocities in summer are approximately 1.2 at 1 km and 1.35 at 2 km; and in winter, 1.5 and 1.75, resp. Extreme velocities are estimated as essentially the observed balloon values of 40 m/s at ½ km, 50 m/s, slightly greater than by balloon, at 1 km, and 62, 74 and 88 m/s, up to double the greatest observed balloon, at 1½, 2, and 2½ km.—C. F. B.
Tropopause Disappearance During the Antarctic Winter*
Authors: Court Arnold
Published: August 2018

Tropopause disappearance during the final months of the Antarctic winter, and the large annual range (35°C at 15 km.) of stratosphere temperatures, as revealed by 190 radiosonde ascents during 1940–1 at Littie America III, the West Base of the U. S. Antarctic Service, are not paralleled in the Northern Hemisphere and indicate that the Antarctic atmosphere has little exchange of air with the rest of the world.

Other evidences of divorce from the world circulation are the coldness of the Antarctic troposphere compared to the Arctic, lower oxygen content of the Antarctic air than that of the rest of the world, asymmetry in world ozone distribution, and the general low pressure prevailing throughout the Antarctic.
Influence of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation on the Northern Hemisphere Surface Temperature Response to Radiative Forcing
Authors: Maroon Elizabeth A. , Kay Jennifer E. , Karnauskas Kristopher B.
Published: August 2018

Many modeling studies have shown that the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) will weaken under increased greenhouse gas forcing, but the influence of AMOC internal variability on climate change in the context of a large initial condition ensemble has received less attention. Here, the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble (CESM LE) is used to separate the AMOC-forced response from AMOC internal variability, and then assess their joint influence on surface warming. Similar to other models, the CESM LE projects a weakening AMOC in response to increased greenhouse gas forcing caused by freshening and decreased buoyancy fluxes in the North Atlantic. Yet if this forced response is removed using the ensemble mean, there is a positive relationship between global surface warming and AMOC strength. In other words, when the AMOC strengthens relative to the ensemble mean (i.e., weakens less), global surface warming increases relative to the ensemble mean response. This unforced surface warming occurs in northern Eurasia and in the Nordic and Barents Seas near the sea ice edge. Comparison of CESM simulations with and without a dynamic ocean shows that the unforced surface warming in the Nordic and Barents Seas results from both ocean and atmospheric circulation variability. In contrast, this comparison suggests that AMOC-associated Eurasian warming results from atmospheric circulation variability alone. In sum, the AMOC-forced response and AMOC internal variability have distinct relationships with surface temperature. Forced AMOC weakening decreases with surface warming, while unforced AMOC strengthening leads to surface warming.
Assessments of Surface Winds and Waves from the NCEP Ensemble Forecast System
Authors: Campos Ricardo Martins , Alves Jose-Henrique G. M. , Penny Stephen G. , Krasnopolsky Vladimir
Published: August 2018

The error characteristics of surface waves and winds produced by ensemble forecasts issued by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction are analyzed as a function of forecast range and severity. Eight error metrics are compared, separating the scatter component of the error from the systematic bias. Ensemble forecasts of extreme winds and extreme waves are compared to deterministic forecasts for long lead times, up to 10 days. A total of 29 metocean buoys is used to assess 1 year of forecasts (2016). The Global Wave Ensemble Forecast System (GWES) performs 10-day forecasts four times per day, with a spatial resolution of 0.5° and a temporal resolution of 3 h, using a 20-member ensemble plus a control member (deterministic) forecast. The largest errors in GWES, beyond forecast day 3, are found to be associated with winds above 14 m s−1 and waves above 5 m. Extreme percentiles after the day-8 forecast reach 30% of underestimation for both 10-m-height wind (U10) and significant wave height (Hs). The comparison of probabilistic wave forecasts with deterministic runs shows an impressive improvement of predictability on the scatter component of the errors. The error for surface winds drops from 5 m s−1 in the deterministic runs, associated with extreme events at longer forecast ranges, to values around 3 m s−1 using the ensemble approach. As a result, GWES waves are better predicted, with a reduction in error from 2 m to less than 1.5 m for Hs. Nevertheless, under extreme conditions, critical systematic and scatter errors are identified beyond the day-6 and day-3 forecasts, respectively.
Seismic tomography as an interpretation tool
Authors: Trinchero Eduardo , Vernengo Luis , Profeta Mario , Roizman Marcelo
Published: August 2018

An innovative tomogram processing method is presented, the interpretation of which can complement the static-model workflow. The process, in which a cube of tomographic velocities is generated and then tomograms are derived, will add to the information coming from the seismic data. The processed tomographic model provides interpretable information from the topographic surface and is an important tool for seismic characterization because, through the design processes, the resultant seismic character yields a set of interpretable data. In zones of dramatic topography, and in general with complex geology, it is possible to more reliably correlate the outcrops with the seismic data and in this way refine the final model of the area. These data can be used for the shallow exploration of hydrocarbon reservoirs or, for example, for the identification and structural monitoring of sweet-water aquifers that should be protected behind pipes in the design of well casing. Two case histories will be presented and commented on in the final section of this paper. Teamwork should improve when new technologies and new challenges are addressed collaboratively by people engaged in different disciplines related to geologic and geophysical activities.
Use of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Surgical Risk Calculator During Preoperative Risk Discussion: The Patient Perspective
Authors: Raymond Britany L. , Wanderer Jonathan P. , Hawkins Alexander T. , Geiger Timothy M. , Ehrenfeld Jesse M. , Stokes John W. , McEvoy Matthew D.
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND:

The American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Surgical Risk Calculator (ACS Calculator) provides empirically derived, patient-specific risks for common adverse perioperative outcomes. The ACS Calculator is promoted as a tool to improve shared decision-making and informed consent for patients undergoing elective operations. However, to our knowledge, no data exist regarding the use of this tool in actual preoperative risk discussions with patients. Accordingly, we performed a survey to assess (1) whether patients find the tool easy to interpret, (2) how accurately patients can predict their surgical risks, and (3) the impact of risk disclosure on levels of anxiety and future motivations to decrease personal risk.

METHODS:

Patients (N = 150) recruited from a preoperative clinic completed an initial survey where they estimated their hospital length of stay and personal perioperative risks of the 12 clinical complications analyzed by the ACS Calculator. Next, risk calculation was performed by entering participants’ demographics into the ACS Calculator. Participants reviewed their individualized risk reports in detail and then completed a follow-up survey to evaluate their perceptions.

RESULTS:

Nearly 90% of participants desire to review their ACS Calculator report before future surgical consents. High-risk patients were 3 times more likely to underestimate their risk of any complication, serious complication, and length of stay compared to low-risk patients (P < .001). After reviewing their calculated risks, 70% stated that they would consider participating in prehabilitation to decrease perioperative risk, and nearly 40% would delay their surgery to do so. Knowledge of personal ACS risk calculations had no effect on anxiety in 20% and decreased anxiety in 71% of participants.

CONCLUSIONS:

The ACS Calculator may be of particular benefit to high-risk surgical populations by providing realistic expectations of outcomes and recovery. Use of this tool may also provide motivation for patients to participate in risk reduction strategies.
Anticipated Rates and Costs of Guideline-Concordant Preoperative Stress Testing
Authors: Pappas Matthew A. , Sessler Daniel I. , Rothberg Michael B.
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND:

Current guidelines recommend that patients have preoperative assessment of cardiac risk and functional status, and that patients at “elevated” cardiac risk with poor or unknown functional status be referred for preoperative stress testing. Little is known about current rates of testing or resultant medical costs. We set out to estimate the expected rates of preoperative stress testing and resultant costs if physicians in the United States were to follow current guidelines and to investigate differences that would arise from 2 risk prediction methods included in current guidelines.

METHODS:

We applied 2 risk prediction tools (Revised Cardiac Risk Index and Myocardial Infarction or Cardiac Arrest) included in current American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines to a multicenter prospective registry of patients undergoing surgery in the United States in 2009. We then calculated expected rates of preoperative cardiac stress testing if physicians were to follow American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines, expected nationwide direct medical expenditures that would result (in 2017 US dollars), and agreement beyond chance between the 2 risk prediction tools.

RESULTS:

Current guidelines recommend considerable spending on preoperative stress testing. Guideline-recommended spending would differ substantially depending on the risk prediction tool used and the reliability of the functional status assessment. Rates of testing and resultant spending are likely much greater among patients at “elevated” risk, compared with patients at “low” risk. Two guideline-recommended risk assessment tools, Revised Cardiac Risk Index and Myocardial Infarction or Cardiac Arrest, have poor agreement beyond chance across the currently recommended risk threshold.

CONCLUSIONS:

Preoperative stress testing is likely a considerable source of medical spending, despite unproven benefit. Which perioperative risk assessment tool clinicians should use, what risk thresholds are appropriate for patient selection, and the reliability of the functional status assessment all warrant further attention.
Applying Performance Frontiers in Operating Room Management: A Tutorial Using Data From an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Tsai Mitchell H. , Breidenstein Max W. , Flanagan Timothy F. , Seong Andrew , Kadry Bassam , Rizzo Donna M. , Urman Richard D.
Published: August 2018

Although the primary goal of operating room (OR) management is to minimize inefficiencies, it may be difficult for OR managers to track metrics when one extrapolates possible scenarios across every OR on a daily basis. With the ability to visualize the statistical relationships to help simplify the analysis of large datasets, a more elaborate efficiency framework can be established using Pareto optimality (or performance frontiers), a multicriteria framework that includes variables that serve as proxies for a variety of outcomes. Applied to OR management, performance frontiers allow for the evaluation of common and well-understood issues of under- and over-utilized time.
Laparoscopic Surgery in Infants Under Spinal Anesthesia Block: A Case Report of 3 Cases
Authors: Chiao Franklin , Boretsky Karen
Published: August 2018

Spinal anesthesia (SA) is a valuable alternative to general anesthesia in infants, but laparoscopic surgery is considered a contraindication in this age group. We report 3 cases of SA for inguinal hernia repairs. The contralateral inguinal region was explored by laparoscopic port placement and pneumoperitoneum through the surgical site. Ages ranged from 5 to 15 weeks, postconceptual age from 46 to 55 weeks, and weights from 4.0 to 6.6 kg. Spinal anesthetics were supplemented with intravenous dexmedetomidine. One patient experienced hypertension and tachycardia during insufflation with brief supplemental use of sevoflurane. Opioids were spared in 2 patients. Pain scores were low throughout. SA as a primary anesthetic may be used in pediatric laparoscopic procedures.
Neutron Diffraction Study on Partial Pair Correlation Functions of Water at Ambient Temperature
Authors: Kameda Yasuo , Amo Yuko , Usuki Takeshi , Umebayashi Yasuhiro , Ikeda Kazutaka , Otomo Toshiya
Published: August 2018

A new determination is presented for the intermolecular partial pair correlation functions of liquid water at ambient temperature. Time-of-flight (TOF) neutron diffraction measurements with excellent statistical accuracies have been carried out for liquid H2O, HDO, and D2O at 25 °C employing a high performance total scattering spectrometer installed at a high-power pulsed spallation neutron source. The intermolecular partial pair correlation functions, gHHinter(r), gOHinter(r), and gOOinter(r), have successfully been deduced from direct Fourier transformation of observed intermolecular interference terms. The nearest neighbor intermolecular H⋯H, O⋯H, and O⋯O distances are determined to be 2.44, 1.84, and 2.86 Å, respectively. These values are significantly longer than those predicted by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies employing classical water-water potentials. Evidence on the deviation of the electron distribution from the spherical one around atoms in the liquid water has been experimentally derived from the combination of the present partial structure functions and high precision X-ray data of water obtained from synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction.