bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of improved satellite retrievals on estimates of biospheric carbon balance
Authors: Miller Scot M. , Michalak Anna M.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) is NASA's first satellite dedicated to monitoring CO2 from space and could provide novel insight into CO2 fluxes across the globe. However, one continuing challenge is the development of a robust retrieval algorithm: an estimate of atmospheric CO2 from satellite observations of near infrared radiation. The OCO-2 retrievals have undergone multiple updates since the satellite's launch, and the retrieval algorithm is now on its ninth version. Some of these retrieval updates, particularly version 8, led to marked changes in the CO2 observations, changes of 0.5 ppm or more. In this study, we evaluate the extent to which current OCO-2 observations can constrain monthly CO2 sources and sinks from the biosphere, and we particularly focus on how this constraint has evolved with improvements to the OCO-2 retrieval algorithm. We find that improvements in the CO2 retrieval are having a potentially transformative effect on satellite-based estimates of the global biospheric carbon balance. The version 7 OCO-2 retrievals formed the basis of early inverse modeling studies using OCO-2 data; these observations are best-equipped to constrain the biospheric carbon balance across only continental or hemispheric regions. By contrast, newer versions of the retrieval algorithm yield a far more detailed constraint, and we are able to constrain CO2 budgets for seven global biome-based regions, particularly during the Northern Hemisphere summer when biospheric CO2 uptake is greatest. Improvements to the OCO-2 observations have had the largest impact on glint mode observations, and we also find the largest improvements in the terrestrial CO2 flux constraint when we include both nadir and glint data.
ATTILA 4.0: Lagrangian advective and convective transport of passive tracers within the ECHAM5/MESSy (2.53.0) chemistry–climate model
Authors: Brinkop Sabine , Jöckel Patrick
Published: May 2019

Abstract. We have extended ATTILA (Atmospheric Tracer Transport in a LAgrangian model),
a Lagrangian tracer transport scheme, which is online coupled to the global
ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model, with a combination of newly
developed and modified physical routines and new diagnostic and
infrastructure submodels. The new physical routines comprise a
parameterisation for Lagrangian convection, a formulation of diabatic
vertical velocity, and the new grid-point submodel LGTMIX to calculate the
mixing of compounds in Lagrangian representation. The new infrastructure
routines simplify the transformation between grid-point (GP) and Lagrangian
(LG) space in a parallel computing environment. The new submodel LGVFLUX is a
useful diagnostic tool to calculate online vertical mass fluxes through
horizontal surfaces. The submodel DRADON was extended to account for
emissions and changes of 222Rn on Lagrangian parcels. To evaluate the
new physical routines, two simulations in free-running mode with prescribed
sea surface temperatures were performed with EMAC–ATTILA in T42L47MA
resolution from 1950 to 2010. The results show an improvement of the tracer
transport into and within the stratosphere when the diabatic vertical
velocity is used for vertical advection in ATTILA instead of the standard
kinematic vertical velocity. In particular, the age-of-air distribution is
more in
accordance with observations. The global tropospheric distribution of
222Rn, however, is simulated in agreement with available observations
and with the results from EMAC in grid space for both Lagrangian systems.
Additional sensitivity studies reveal an effect of inter-parcel mixing on the
age of air in the tropopause region and the stratosphere, but there is no
significant effect for the troposphere.
A partially coupled hydro-mechanical analysis of the Bengal Aquifer System under hydrological loading
Authors: Woodman Nicholas D. , Burgess William G. , Ahmed Kazi Matin , Zahid Anwar
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The coupled poro-mechanical behaviour of geologic-fluid systems is
fundamental to numerous processes in structural geology, seismology, and
geotechnics, but is frequently overlooked in hydrogeology. Substantial
poro-mechanical influences on groundwater head have recently been highlighted
in the Bengal Aquifer System, however, driven by terrestrial water loading
across the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna floodplains. Groundwater management in
this strategically important fluvio-deltaic aquifer, the largest in southern
Asia, requires a coupled hydro-mechanical approach which acknowledges
poroelasticity. We present a simple partially coupled,
1-D poroelastic model of the
Bengal Aquifer System, and explore the poro-mechanical responses of the
aquifer to surface boundary conditions representing hydraulic head and
mechanical load under three modes of terrestrial water variation. The
characteristic responses, shown as amplitude and phase of hydraulic head in
depth profile and of ground
surface deflection, demonstrate (i) the limits to using water levels in
piezometers to indicate groundwater recharge, as conventionally applied in
groundwater resources management; (ii) the conditions under which piezometer
water levels respond primarily to changes in the mass of terrestrial water
storage, as applied in geological weighing lysimetry; (iii) the
relationship of ground surface vertical
deflection with changes in groundwater storage; and (iv) errors of attribution
that could result from ignoring the poroelastic behaviour of the aquifer.
These concepts are illustrated through application of the partially coupled
model to interpret multi-level piezometer data at two sites in southern
Bangladesh. There is a need for further research into the coupled responses
of the aquifer due to more complex forms of surface loading, particularly
from rivers.
A review of wind turbine main-bearings: design, operation, modelling, damage mechanisms and fault detection
Authors: Hart Edward , Clarke Benjamin , Nicholas Gary , Kazemi Amiri Abbas , Stirling James , Carroll James , Dwyer-Joyce Rob , McDonald Alasdair , Long Hui
Published: May 2019

Abstract. This paper presents a review of existing theory and practice relating to main-bearings for wind turbines. The mainbearing performs the critical role of supporting the turbine rotor, with replacements typically requiring its complete removal. The operational conditions and loading for wind turbine main-bearings deviate significantly from those of more conventional power plants and other bearings present in the wind turbine power-train, i.e. those in the gearbox and generator. This work seeks to thoroughly document current main-bearing theory in order to allow for appraisal of existing design and analysis practices, while also seeking to form a solid foundation for future research in this area. The most common main-bearing setups are presented along with standards for bearing selection and rating. Typical loads generated by a wind turbine rotor, and subsequently reacted at the main-bearing, are discussed. This is followed by the related tribological theories of lubrication, wear and associated failure mechanisms. Finally, existing techniques for bearing modeling, fault diagnosis and prognosis relevant to the main-bearing are presented.
Transcoding the I Ching as Composition Techniques in Chou Wen Chung, Zhao Xiaosheng and Chung Yiu Kwong
Authors: Xue Ke , Loo Fung Ying
Published: May 2019

This article examined into three Chinese composers’ compositional method based on the ancient Chinese philosophy I Ching. Transcoding the 64 hexagrams of the I Ching in the piano solo works of Chou Wen Chung, Zhao Xiao Sheng and Chung Yiu Kwong display new representative of Chinese New Music. The analysis shows Chou and Chung’s creations that emphasize the use of the 64 hexagrams within a Westernized context, while Zhao brought out a new and individual compositional method based on the Chinese ancient philosophy that shows a complete departure from the West.
Estética e poética na música de Salvatore Sciarrino
Authors: Kafejian Sergio
Published: May 2019

A obra de Salvatore Sciarrino se institui a partir do uso de técnicas instrumentais particulares aliado a novos modelos de agenciamento do material sonoro. Suas composições exploram sonoridades que, transitando entre o icônico e o abstrato, inauguraram novos paradigmas de organização musical. Paralelo à sua produção composicional, Sciarrino produziu textos nos quais expõe suas reflexões acerca do artesanato musical. Neste artigo abordaremos conceitos estéticos e filosóficos propostos pelo compositor e, posteriormente, abordaremos a obra Come vengono prodotti gli inca incantesimi?. Escrita para flauta solo, esta composição evidencia como as ferramentas conceituais de Sciarrino dão origem a um discurso musical de expressividade e originalidade inéditas.
El arte contemporáneo: un arte de razones
Authors: Díaz Sebastián , Gallo Ugarte María
Published: May 2019

La historia del arte presupuso distintas formas de comprensión. Con el arte moderno y aún más con el arte contemporáneo se profundizó la grieta en la relación del arte con sus razones, una grieta cada vez mayor entre percepción y juicio estético; por ello es que las producciones que se ubican en lo que se denomina ‘arte contemporáneo’ exigen que se atienda no sólo a los estímulos perceptuales que nos puede provocar la obra sino, sobre todo, a sus razones. El objetivo del trabajo es hacer un análisis de la tensión resultante entre los defensores de la estética tradicional y quienes producen (artistas), exhiben (galeristas, curadores, etc.), consumen (espectadores) o defienden (teóricos del arte, críticos, estetas) obras que se ubican fuera de la lógica desplegada por aquella estética. El presente análisis lo llevaremos a cabo a partir de los aportes del segundo período de la filosofía de Wittgenstein, nociones como las de juego de lenguaje, formas de vida, apreciación, etc., son algunas de las herramientas para pasar la discusión por el tamiz. Esperamos con ello contribuir a enriquecer algunas discusiones que se desprenden en torno a la problemática del arte contemporáneo. La hipótesis es que la estética actual puede valerse de este renovado aparato conceptual desplegado por la filosofía wittgensteniana a partir de la década del 30´.
Maatwerk in contact: vragen om verschillen bij complexe opgaven
Authors: van der Pool Els , Rijnja Guido
Published: May 2019

Tailor-made contact: asking for differences in complex assignments

Governance is a human activity and is therefore unquestionably about relationships. Relationships between public and private parties. Relationships in existing steering-oriented structures (the political administrator as guardian, magistrate) and also relationships in new forms of cooperation that are often focused on good relationships (government participation). Public-private partnerships are inevitably accompanied by conflicting interests that place different demands on interactions. One-size-fits-all does not fit there, but customization is required, with constant alignment with what is – and what is not (yet). And so the ability to make contact requires much more attention, and from there to explore and grasp perspectives. How do you work on the tensions that you find on your way? It is there that the method of communication influences how the process of cooperation and steering proceeds. This is not a matter of whether-or, but and-and. Both perspectives are characterized by a different relationship with those involved and a different way of contact and interaction. This article focuses on contact from a collaborative perspective. The classical administrative side already has a rich history, while the cooperation side is often still an unknown and unexplored territory. The central question is: how can you, as a director and public professional, deliver tailor-made solutions and therefore adapt to complex tasks? The authors look at complex situations from a communicative perspective and they introduce ‘appreciative communication’ as the art of aligning with what really moves people, as a frame of view of the inconvenience caused by the differences present. They highlight a number of generic tensions that can arise in cooperation situations. A case study into the approach to regional innovation in the field of mobility serves as an illustration.
Een inkijk in het leiderschap van Cannabis Social Clubs in België: criminelen, activisten, modelburgers?
Authors: Pardal Mafalda
Published: May 2019

The leadership of Cannabis Social Clubs in Belgium: criminals, activists or model citizens?

In this article, Cannabis Social Clubs (CSCs) are understood as being social movement organizations advocating for the legalization of a closed, cooperative and non-profit model for cannabis supply among adult users. Drawing on qualitative data collected in Belgium, this paper analyses how one becomes a leader of a CSC as well as the functional role assumed by those individuals. It further unveils how Belgian CSC leaders’ engagement in those organizations and in the wider cannabis movement is perceived. We identify and discuss the techniques employed by those key activists to manage cannabis-related stigma drawing on a framework developed by Lindblom and Jacobsson’s (2014). While CSCs might contribute to normalizing cannabis use and supply, our analysis suggests that CSC leaders face some degree of stigmatization, shifting between conformist and confrontational techniques to manage the perceived cannabis-related stigma. Building on the case of Belgian CSC leaders, this paper makes a contribution to the understanding of an under-researched movement, and the role of the leaders within it, expanding also the application of Lindblom and Jacobsson’s (2014) framework to a novel area of activism.
On the intrinsic Deszcz symmetries and the extrinsic Chen character of Wintgen ideal submanifolds
Authors: Decu S. , Petrovic-Torgasev M. , Sebekovic A. , Verstraelen L.
Published: May 2019

In this paper it is shown that all Wintgen ideal submanifolds in ambient real space forms are Chen submanifolds. It is also shown that the Wintgen ideal submanifolds of dimension $ >3 $ in real space forms do intrinsically enjoy some curvature symmetries in the sense of Deszcz of their Riemann--Christoffel curvature tensor, of their Ricci curvature tensor and of their Weyl conformal curvature tensor.
Differentials in certain classes of graphs
Authors: Pushpam P. Roushini Leely , Yokesh D.
Published: May 2019

Let $X subset V$ be a set of vertices in a graph $G = (V, E)$. The boundary $B(X)$ of $X$ is defined to be the set of vertices in $V-X$ dominated by vertices in $X$, that is, $B(X) = (V-X) cap N(X)$. The differential $ partial(X)$ of $X$ equals the value $ partial(X) = |B(X)| - |X|$. The differential of a graph $G$ is defined as $ partial(G) = max { partial(X) | X subset V }$. It is easy to see that for any graph $G$ having vertices of maximum degree $ Delta(G)$, $ partial(G) geq Delta (G) -1$. In this paper we characterize the classes of unicyclic graphs, split graphs, grid graphs, $k$-regular graphs, for $k leq 4$, and bipartite graphs for which $ partial(G) = Delta(G)-1$. We also determine the value of $ partial(T)$ for any complete binary tree $T$.
The general $ \Gamma -$ compatible rook length polynomials
Authors: Arroyo Edward , Arroyo Fangjun
Published: May 2019

Rook placements and rook polynomials have been studied by mathematicians since the early 1970's. Since then many relationships between rook placements and other subjects have been discovered (cf. [1], [6-15]). In [2] and [3], K. Ding introduced the rook length polynomials and the $ \gamma - $compatible rook length polynomials. In [3] and [4], he used these polynomials to establish a connection between rook placements and algebraic geometry for the first time. In this paper, we give explicit formulas for the $ \gamma - $compatible rook length polynomials in more general cases than considered in [3]. In particular, we generalize the formula for the rook length polynomial in the parabolic case in [2] to the $ \gamma -$compatible rook length polynomial.
Approximating common fixed points of two asymptotically quasi-nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces
Authors: Yildirim Isa , Özdemir Murat
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we consider a composite iterative algorithm for approximating common fixed points of two nonself asymptotically quasi-nonexpansive mappings and we prove some strong and weak convergence theorems for such mappings in uniformly convex Banach spaces.
Inverse problem on the semi-axis: local approach
Authors: Avdonin S. A. , Belinskiy B. P. , Matthews John V.
Published: May 2019

We consider the problem of reconstruction of the potential for the wave equation on the semi-axis. We use the local versions of the Gelfand-Levitan and Krein equations, and the linear version of Simon's approach. For all methods, we reduce the problem of reconstruction to a second kind Fredholm integral equation, the kernel and the right-hand-side of which arise from an auxiliary second kind Volterra integral equation. A second-order accurate numerical method for the equations is described and implemented. Then several numerical examples verify that the algorithms can be used to reconstruct an unknown potential accurately. The practicality of each approach is briefly discussed. Accurate data preparation is described and implemented.
Post-entry strategic significance of export market: how does psychic distance work? The evidence from European SMEs
Authors: Ciszewska-Mlinaric Mariola , Obloj Krzysztof , Hülsdau Marcus
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study is to broaden our understanding of the post-entry effects of psychic distance by asking what markets - psychically close or distant - became over time the most strategically significant for European SMEs. Specifically, we analyse whether psychic distance is a valid predictor of the strategic significance of foreign market, as well as whether and how this relationship is moderated by export diversification. Contrary to expectations, the study findings reveal that psychic distance to the foreign market actually increases its post-entry strategic significance, providing support for the phenomenon of PD paradox.
Kontext
Authors: Burs Gerhard Martin
Published: May 2019

In der globalisierten Gegenwart überlagern sich Realität und Medienwirklichkeit. Durch das Zusammenwirken von Simulation und Imagination manifestieren sich in permanent wandelnden virtuellen Bilderwelten immer neue Sinnbezüge. Verbindende Relationen sind so zunehmend auf den Moment der Rezeption beschränkt und der menschliche Raum scheint sich in immer kleinere Einheiten der individuellen Erfahrung zu parzellieren. Eine umfassende Systematik dieser sich in stetig verändernden Relationen von Subjekt und Objekt fragmentierten Welterschließung muss im Zeitalter der Virtualität neu definiert werden.

Das vorliegende Buch untersucht die neuen Strukturen der Diskursräume einer massenmedialen und globalisierten Gesellschaft. Hierzu wird der Fragestellung nachgegangen, wie Sinn anhand intermedialer Strukturen entsteht und wie die gegenstandslosen Räume einer virtuellen Existenz zu kartographieren sind. In einem transdisziplinären Ansatz sowie der Synthese von medientheoretischer Perspektive und praktischer Methodenkenntnis wird hierbei ein Modell zur Erfassung virtueller Sinnrelationen vorgestellt.

Gebunden in einer auf Prozessanalysen basierenden Theorie zur Metakontextualisierung werden die Erscheinungsräume der Medien und ihre sinnstiftende Transformation in mentale Prozesse anhand einer übergreifenden Symboltheorie beschrieben. Traditionelle Raumverständnisse und objektivistische Weltbilder werden dabei durch die synergetischen Strukturen einer virtuellen Kultur, in der sich Kontexte als eine umfassende Relation zum Sein strukturieren, hinterfragt.

Kontext zeigt nicht nur Mittel der Schaffung und Analyse virtueller Sinnbezüge auf, sondern perspektiviert ein erweitertes Raum- und Gesellschaftsbild für das digitale Zeitalter.
Francesco Piccolomini’s Christian-Neoplatonic Reading of Aristotle’s Theory of Friendship
Authors: Guldentops Guy ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2019

Francesco Piccolomini (1523–1607) interprets Aristotle’s theory of friendship from a Christian-Neoplatonic perspective. This paper focuses on the various (ancient, medieval, and Renaissance) sources of Piccolomini’s interpretation and shows that he succeeds in expounding a coherent doctrine in which the Aristotelian ideal of civic friendship is integrated into a theocentric ethics of spiritual love.
From the Archives: William Richardson’s Questions for Martin Heidegger’s “Preface”
Authors: Richardson William J. , Capobianco Richard , Moore Ian Alexander ,   The Heidegger Circle
Published: May 2019

Martin Heidegger wrote one and only one preface for a scholarly work on his thinking, and it was for William J. Richardson’s study Heidegger: Through Phenomenology to Thought, first published in 1963. Ever since, both Heidegger’s Preface and Richardson’s groundbreaking book have played an important role in Heidegger scholarship. Much has been discussed about these texts over the decades, but what has not been available to students and scholars up to this point is Richardson’s original comments and questions to Heidegger that led to the famous Preface. These are published here for the first time both in the German original and in our English translation. In our commentary we 1) discuss how Heidegger’s Preface came about, 2) explain the source and status of the materials published here, and 3) pair selected passages from Richardson’s text with Heidegger’s reply in his Preface to highlight the consonance of their thinking.
Heidegger’s Epicureanism
Authors: Gyllenhammer Paul ,   The Heidegger Circle
Published: May 2019

Heidegger and Epicurus seem to be separated by a great divide. Where Epicurus seeks ataraxia by minimizing anxiety and our concern with death, Heidegger describes how anxiety and death are factored into authentic living. But looks can be deceiving. A close study of Heidegger’s critique of das Man reveals a distinctly Epicurean line of thinking. His account of curiosity, in particular, parallels Epicurus’s own criticism of normal life as being mired in unnatural/empty desires due to an unconscious fear of death. Despite this similarity, Heidegger’s interest in ontological anxiety, i.e., homelessness, contrasts deeply with Epicurus’s goal of mental tranquility. Yet this difference is overcome, in part, in Heidegger’s turn to peaceful dwelling as an expression of authentic Being-in-the-world. Indeed, Heidegger’s account of the fourfold as the essence of dwelling can be seen as an Epicurean four-part cure to suffering (tetrapharmakos), bringing Heidegger into dialogue with the tradition of philosophical therapy.
The Place-Being of the Clearing and Language
Authors: Karamercan Onur ,   The Heidegger Circle
Published: May 2019

I elucidate Heidegger’s understanding of the “place-being” of the “question of being.” My premises are: 1) Heidegger’s “question of being” can be appropriately made sense of as the “question of language.” 2) The “question of language” requires a topological approach that looks into the link between the place-nature of language and the open-bounded essence of human existence. First, I explain the topological underpinnings of Heidegger’s later thought of being as the clearing and language; second, I examine Sheehan’s phenomenological reading of Heidegger by focusing on the relationship between alētheia and appropriation (Ereignis). In the first section, I explain the correlation between place and language within the context of the “question of being” and display how understanding the former is crucial in having a more complete perspective for the latter. In the second section, I examine Sheehan’s acknowledgment of Heidegger’s idea of place (topos) in his understanding of the nature of human existence in relation to Ereignis, while criticizing the “metaphorical” reading of the “placebeing” of the clearing.
From Matter to Earth
Authors: Kerimov Khafiz ,   The Heidegger Circle
Published: May 2019

This article focuses on Heidegger’s engagement with the distinction between form and matter in the 1935 essay “The Origin of the Work of Art.” This distinction is articulated by Aristotle in the context of production (of useful equipment), which is taken to be finished once a certain matter (potentiality) is subjected to a certain form or shape (actuality). Insofar as Aristotle takes actuality to have primacy over potentiality, he is unable to think material potentiality as such (save in the paradoxical idea of “prime matter”). Against the Aristotelian thinking of hylomorphism, however, Heidegger takes art as an instance of the reversal of the traditional relationship between form and matter. By appealing to artworks, Heidegger shows an excess of material potentiality over form and function, which he calls “earth.”
Resisting the Creativity Narrative
Authors: Telios Thomas ,   Canadian Society for Continental Philosophy
Published: May 2019

After its proliferation as a primarily psychological term in the literature of the late 1960s, creativity has since advanced to a core notion also for sociology. The first part of the paper tackles “the creativity narrative” according to three paradigmatic readings brought forward by Luc Boltanski and Ève Chiapello, Maurizio Lazzarato, and most recently Andreas Reckwitz. Despite the insightful accounts that those readings provide concerning the entanglement of creativity to capitalist ways of production, the practical consequences they offer regarding how to contest this entanglement are debatable. Therefore, in the second part of the article a fourth understanding of creativity is invoked that was proposed by Cornelius Castoriadis. As argued, the radicality of this concept lies in defining creativity as a mode of production of the subject’s psyche as a collective co-existence from which broader, necessarily collective practices can be derived.Après sa prolifération en tant que notion psychologique dans la littérature des années 1960, la créativité est aussi devenue une notion fondamentale pour la sociologie. La première partie de l’article aborde le « récit de la créativité » à partir des trois lectures paradigmatiques proposées par Luc Boltanski et Ève Chiapello, Maurizio Lazzarato et, plus récemment, par Andreas Reckwitz. Malgré le fait qu’elles éclairent de manière signi􀏔icative l’enchevêtrement de la créativité aux modes capitalistes de production, les conséquences pratiques que ces lectures tirent sur les contestations possibles de cet enchevêtrement sont sujettes au débat. C’est pourquoi, dans la deuxième partie de ce texte, une quatrième compréhension de la créativité est proposée à partir de Cornelius Castoriadis. La radicalité de ce concept repose sur sa dé􀏔inition en tant que mode de production du psychisme du sujet compris en tant que co-existence collective, à partir de laquelle des pratiques plus larges et nécessairement collectives peuvent découler.
Sujet, narcissisme et infini
Authors: Cavazzini Andrea , Matthys Jean ,   Canadian Society for Continental Philosophy
Published: May 2019

Cet article discute, à travers le parcours critique d’un récent ouvrage d’Anselm Jappe, la thèse d’une illimitation « narcissique » constitutive de la forme subjective propre aux rapports de production capitalistes contemporains. Montrant que cette perspective est fondée sur une conception monolithique et unilatérale de l’histoire du capital et de ses sujets, ainsi que sur une réduction illégitime de toute forme d’in􀏔inité au « mauvais in􀏔ini » de l’illimitation, nous soutenons la nécessité de penser un infini positif irréductible tant à l’illimitation abstraite de la valorisation qu’aux dispositifs capitalistes qui limitent les puissances d’autodétermination et d’autoactivation des individus.This article critically discusses the thesis, recently developed by Anselm Jappe, of a “narcissistic” illimitation constitutive of the subjective form typical of contemporary capitalist relations of production. By showing that this perspective is grounded on a monolithic and one-sided conception of the history of capital and its subjects, as well as on an illegitimate reduction of every form of infinity to the “bad infinity” of illimitation, we defend the necessity to conceive a positive form of infinity, irreducible to both the abstract illimitation of valorization and the capitalist apparatuses that limit the individual power of self-determination and self-activity.
Microglandular Adenosis and Associated Invasive Carcinoma
Authors: Kravtsov Oleksandr , Jorns Julie M.
Published: May 2019

Context.—

Microglandular adenosis is a rare borderline neoplastic lesion of the breast composed of haphazardly located small, round tubules with a single cell layer interspersed within breast stroma and/or adipose tissue. Microglandular adenosis is devoid of a myoepithelial cell layer, and has a characteristic immunophenotype, being positive for S100 and negative for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2/neu. When associated with cancer, microglandular adenosis and associated invasive carcinoma share the same molecular alterations, including TP53 mutation; therefore, microglandular adenosis is considered a nonobligate precursor of triple (HER2/neu, estrogen and progesterone receptors)–negative breast carcinoma. Microglandular adenosis is an important diagnostic pitfall as it can be easily mistaken for a low-grade invasive carcinoma.

Objective.—

To provide a review of the clinicopathologic features of microglandular adenosis and associated invasive carcinoma, with emphasis on key features separating entities in the differential diagnosis.

Data Sources.—

Review of current literature on microglandular adenosis and associated invasive carcinoma and personal experience of authors.

Conclusions.—

Microglandular adenosis can mimic breast carcinoma; attention to key features, including morphologic-immunophenotypic correlation, is essential in establishing the diagnosis.
Comparative Effectiveness of Carboplatin/Pemetrexed With Versus Without Bevacizumab for Advanced Nonsquamous Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Bagley Stephen J. , Talento Suzanna , Mitra Nandita , Meropol Neal J. , Cohen Roger B. , Langer Corey J. , Vachani Anil
Published: May 2019

Background: Despite recent advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy for advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), carboplatin/pemetrexed/bevacizumab remains a commonly used first-line regimen. However, it is unknown whether the addition of bevacizumab to carboplatin/pemetrexed improves overall survival (OS). Materials and Methods: Using nationally representative curated electronic health record data from Flatiron Health, we performed a retrospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with advanced nonsquamous NSCLC who received ≥1 cycle of carboplatin/pemetrexed ± bevacizumab as initial systemic therapy for stage IV or metastatic/recurrent disease. The OS impact of adding bevacizumab to carboplatin/pemetrexed was assessed using a Cox proportional hazards model to adjust for age, sex, race, original tumor stage, time between diagnosis of metastatic disease and start of chemotherapy, and performance status. In a secondary analysis of patients at a single academic institution, we also adjusted for the presence of brain metastases, hemoptysis, and anticoagulation. Results: A total of 4,724 patients were included, of which 2,759 patients (58%) received carboplatin/pemetrexed and 1,965 (42%) received carboplatin/pemetrexed/bevacizumab. Median OS was 12.1 months (95% CI, 11.2–12.9 months) in the carboplatin/pemetrexed/bevacizumab group compared with 8.6 months (95% CI, 8.1–9.1 months) in the carboplatin/pemetrexed group (P<.001). Bevacizumab use remained associated with improved OS in a multivariate model (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.75–0.86; P<.001). In the secondary, institutional analysis (N=539), the effect of bevacizumab was unchanged (hazard ratio, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.59–0.96; P=.02). Conclusions: In this large, real-world dataset, the addition of bevacizumab to first-line carboplatin/pemetrexed for metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC was associated with improved OS.
Adverse Health Outcomes in Relationship to Hypogonadism After Chemotherapy: A Multicenter Study of Testicular Cancer Survivors
Authors: Abu Zaid Mohammad , Dinh Paul C. , Monahan Patrick O. , Fung Chunkit , El-Charif Omar , Feldman Darren R. , Hamilton Robert J. , Vaughn David J. , Beard Clair J. , Cook Ryan , Althouse Sandra , Ardeshir-Rouhani-Fard Shirin , Sesso Howard D. , Huddart Robert , Mushiroda Taisei , Kubo Michiaki , Dolan M. Eileen , Einhorn Lawrence H. , Fossa Sophie D. , Travis Lois B. , _ _
Published: May 2019

Background: This study examined the prevalence of hypogonadism, its clinical and genetic risk factors, and its relationship to adverse health outcomes (AHOs) in North American testicular cancer survivors (TCS) after modern platinum-based chemotherapy. Patients and Methods: Eligible TCS were <55 years of age at diagnosis and treated with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. Participants underwent physical examinations and completed questionnaires regarding 15 AHOs and health behaviors. Hypogonadism was defined as serum testosterone levels ≤3.0 ng/mL or use of testosterone replacement therapy. We investigated the role of 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs6258 and rs12150660) in the sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) locus implicated in increased hypogonadism risk in the general population. Results: Of 491 TCS (median age at assessment, 38.2 years; range, 18.7–68.4 years), 38.5% had hypogonadism. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis identified hypogonadism risk factors, including age at clinical evaluation (odds ratio [OR], 1.42 per 10-year increase; P= .006) and body mass index of 25 to <30 kg/m2 (OR, 2.08; P= .011) or ≥30 kg/m2 (OR, 2.36; P= .005) compared with <25 kg/m2. TCS with ≥2 risk alleles for the SHBG SNPs had a marginally significant increased hypogonadism risk (OR, 1.45; P= .09). Vigorous-intensity physical activity appeared protective (OR, 0.66; P= .07). Type of cisplatin-based chemotherapy regimen and socioeconomic factors did not correlate with hypogonadism. Compared with TCS without hypogonadism, those with hypogonadism were more likely to report ≥2 AHOs (65% vs 51%; P= .003), to take medications for hypercholesterolemia (20.1% vs 6.0%; P<.001) or hypertension (18.5% vs 10.6%; P= .013), and to report erectile dysfunction (19.6% vs 11.9%; P= .018) or peripheral neuropathy (30.7% vs 22.5%; P= .041). A marginally significant trend for increased use of prescription medications for either diabetes (5.8% vs 2.6%; P= .07) or anxiety/depression (14.8% vs 9.3%; P= .06) was observed. Conclusions: At a relatively young median age, more than one-third of TCS have hypogonadism, which is significantly associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk factors, and erectile dysfunction. Providers should screen TCS for hypogonadism and treat symptomatic patients.
Germline and Somatic Mutations in Prostate Cancer for the Clinician
Authors: Cheng Heather H. , Sokolova Alexandra O. , Schaeffer Edward M. , Small Eric J. , Higano Celestia S.
Published: May 2019

It is increasingly important for clinicians involved in the management of prostate cancer to understand the relevance of heritable (germline) mutations that, for select patients, affect prostate cancer risk and cancer biology, and acquired (somatic) mutations that occur in prostate cancer cells. In the advanced disease setting, mutations in homologous recombination repair genes (eg, BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM, CHEK2, PALB2) suggest candidacy for platinum chemotherapy and PARP inhibitor trials. Similarly, microsatellite instability and mismatch repair deficiency, which may arise in the setting of MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 mutations, suggest potential vulnerability to PD-1 inhibitors. Germline genetic testing has potential importance in the treatment and assessment of familial risk, and tumor-directed somatic sequencing may guide treatment decision-making. This review provides clinicians with knowledge of basic genetic terminology, awareness of the importance of family history of cancer (not limited to prostate cancer), contrasts between the different but potentially related objectives of germline versus somatic testing of tumor tissue, and indications for genetic counseling. Specific clinical scenarios, objectives of testing, and nature of the assays are reviewed. Germline and somatic mutations of known and potential relevance to prostate cancer are discussed in the context of treatment options, and algorithms to assist clinicians in approaching this area are proposed.
FUTURE OF CRYPTOCURRENCIES AND BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY IN FINANCIAL MARKETS
Authors: Radivojac Goran , Grujić Miloš
Published: May 2019

In this paper we are presenting scopeand restrictions on the use of cryptocurrencies in internationalbusiness, banking and in financial marketsThe subject of this research is to analyzeutilization of cryptocurrencies in the internationalbusiness. The goals of the research are to provide tothe researchers and to practitioners and to the scientificand professional public, an overview of currentresearch on blockchain technology in the economyand to determine the impact of the wider use of cryptocurrenciesin international business and their impacton the future of financial markets..The researchwas realized by the method description, literatureanalysis and conducted research. The selected examplesare presenting the possibility of earning, buyingand storing cryptocurrencies, paying with cryptomoneyand invest in them. In the paper we aresearching for an answer to the question “What arethe advantages and disadvantages of using cryptocurrenciesin international payment and what is the securityof using cryptocurrencies in the future?” In theanswer, this paper will present in what direction theuse of crypts will develop in the future. Results arepresenting the blockchain technology, though backgroundtechnology, which would not be known thatcryptocurrencies did not gain popularity, has a brightperspective. Conclusion presents that as long as thetransaction costs are lower than the cost of paymenttransactions, the rational behavior of legal and naturalpersons requires that they should encourage the useof cryptocurrencies among themselves in order to reducethe costs of the transactions when paying and toovercome the existence of an intermediary.
Transferring multilingual humour intralingually: the case of “Big Night”
Authors: Magazzù Giulia
Published: May 2019

Multilingual films usually tackle significant social and political issues. Sometimes, these films adopt linguistic diversity to create confusion and to trigger humour, accomplishing a comic effect. Normally, films about migration and diaspora are multilingual, as they want to recreate the linguistic diversity that exists in reality. There are many cases though in which the translator/adapter faces the struggle of translating into his/her own language. In this paper, we will analyse the Italian dubbing of Big Night, to see how the dialogues have been conveyed and especially how verbally expressed humour and stereotypes from the Italian language and culture are transferred intralingually and to what effect.
Crossmodal congruency effect scores decrease with repeat test exposure
Authors: Blustein Daniel , Gill Satinder , Wilson Adam , Sensinger Jon
Published: May 2019

The incorporation of feedback into a person’s body schema is well established. The crossmodal congruency task (CCT) is used to objectively quantify incorporation without being susceptible to experimenter biases. This visual-tactile interference task is used to calculate the crossmodal congruency effect (CCE) score as a difference in response time between incongruent and congruent trials. Here we show that this metric is susceptible to a learning effect that causes attenuation of the CCE score due to repeated task exposure sessions. We demonstrate that this learning effect is persistent, even after a 6 month hiatus in testing. Two mitigation strategies are proposed: 1. Only use CCE scores that are taken after learning has stabilized, or 2. Use a modified CCT protocol that decreases the task exposure time. We show that the modified and shortened CCT protocol, which may be required to meet time or logistical constraints in laboratory or clinical settings, reduced the impact of the learning effect on CCT results. Importantly, the CCE scores from the modified protocol were not significantly more variable than results obtained with the original protocol. This study highlights the importance of considering exposure time to the CCT when designing experiments and suggests two mitigation strategies to improve the utility of this psychophysical assessment.
Plant Hybridization as an Alternative Technique in Plant Breeding Improvement
Authors: Mwangangi Immaculate Mueni , Kiilu Muli Joshua , Neondo Johnstone Omukhulu
Published: May 2019

For ages, plant breeders have relied on the genetic variability that results from sexually crossing plants within the same species. However, the variability that exists within species populations is inadequate, hence the need to exploit desirable traits of interest in distantly related or even unrelated plants through hybridization techniques. Hybridization can be categorized into two; sexual and somatic. Sexual hybridization, also referred to as wide or distant hybridization involves combining two genomes from different parental taxa through pollination, either naturally or by induction. Somatic hybridization involves the fusion of somatic cells instead of gametes, which highly depends on the ability to obtain viable protoplasts and eventually differentiate them to whole plants in vitro. The impacts of hybrids can either be positive or negative. Among the positive attributes of hybrids that have been exploited is heterosis, which results either from dominance, over-dominance or epistasis. Negative ones include sterility, arrested growth of the pollen tube and embryo abortion. To overcome these problems, chromosome doubling, the use of hormones such as 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) and embryo rescue have been employed to overcome sterility, arrested growth of pollen tubes and embryo abortion respectively. After the development of hybrids, different hybrid identification techniques have been used to test them such as the use of molecular and morphological markers, cytogenetic analysis and fluorescent in situ hybridization. The use of hybridization techniques in plant improvement remains a vital tool to cross species barriers and utilization of important attributes in unrelated crop plants which could not have been achieved through conventional techniques of plant breeding.
Technical Feasibility Study of the Use of Softwoods in Lattice Structure “Howe” Type for Roofing (Gaps between 8-18 Meters)
Authors: Oliveira Gabriel Oberon Bertoldi , Pinheiro Roberto Vasconcelos , Arroyo Felipe Nascimento , Almeida Diego Henrique de , Almeida Tiago Hendrigo de , Silva Diogo Aparecido Lopes , Christoforo André Luis , Lahr Francisco Antonio Rocco
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Wood is a material of biological origin widely used in construction, and its mechanical properties allow the material to form the lattice structure of roofs used in warehouses of industrial use, however, the paradigm as to the behaviour of the material makes the design decision less susceptible.

Aims: This work intends to verify the feasibility and optimize the use of unconventional wood in triangular roof truss structures in regions of flat topography, with a characteristic wind speed of 30 m/s.

Methods: The design methodology was fully based on the recommendations of ABNT NBR 7190

For the elements dimensioning, it was necessary to define the geometric and structural parameters that directly influence the actions and loads, as well as the behaviour of the structural elements.

Results: The choice of wood in this context, it was proposed the elaboration of projects of roofing structures with the following characteristics: "Howe" latticework (inclination of 10º - steel roof tile); Spans of 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 meters (ratio width: length, in plan, environment of 1: 3); Typology of the lateral openings of the building - (relationships between main opening area: other openings) 1:1, 2:1, 6:1 and insulated coverings (coverage on a medium of reduced dimensions).

Conclusion: The ratio of the volume of wood per floor area (m³.m-²) for C20 and C30 grade timber was determined, as well as the consumption of metallic pins per floor area, following the requirements of Brazilian standards, proving the technical feasibility.
Detection of Adulteration in Edible Oil Using FT-IR Spectroscopy and Machine Learning
Authors: Antora S. A. , Hossain M. N. , Rahman M. M. , Alim M. A. , Kamruzzaman M.
Published: May 2019

Aims: To detect the adulterant in edible oil rapidly.

Study Design: Authenticity and adulteration detection in edible oils are the increasing challenges for researchers, consumers, industries and regulatory agencies. Traditional approaches may not be the most effective option to combat against adulteration in edible oils as that’s are complex, laborious, expensive, require a high degree of technical knowledge when interpreting data and produce hazardous chemical. Consequently, a cost effective, rapid and reliable method is required.

Place and Duration of the Study: The experiment was conducted jointly in the laboratory of the Department of Food Technology and Rural Industries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh and the Institute of Food Science and Technology, BCSIR, Dhaka.

Methods: In this study, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy coupled with multivariate analysis was used for adulteration detection in sunflower and rice bran oil. Sunflower oil was adulterated with soybean oil in the range of 10-50% (v/v) and rice bran oil was adulterated with palm oil in the range of 4-40% (v/v) at approximately 10% and 5% increments respectively. FTIR spectra were recorded in the wavenumber range of 4000-650cm-1.

Results: FTIR spectra data in the whole spectral range and reduced spectral range were used to develop a partial least square regression (PLSR) model to predict the level of adulteration in sunflower and palm oils. Good prediction model was obtained for all PLSR models with a coefficient of determination (R2) of >= 0.985 and root mean square errors of calibration (RMSEC) in the range of 0-1.7325%.

Conclusion: The result suggested that FTIR spectroscopy associated with multivariate analysis has the great potential for a rapid and non-destructive detection of adulteration in edible oils laborious conventional analytical techniques.