bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-assembled Fluorescent Hybrid Nanoparticles-mediated Collaborative Lncrna CCAT1 Silencing and Curcumin Delivery for Synchronous Colorectal Cancer Theranostics
Authors: Jia Fan , Li Yunhao , Deng Xiongwei , Wang Xuan , Cui Xinyue , Lu Jianqing , Pan Zian , Wu Yan
Published: April 2021

Background: Cancer synergistic therapy strategy in combination with therapeutic gene and small molecule drug offers the possibility to amplify anticancer efficiency. Colon cancer-associated transcript-1 (CCAT1) is a well identified oncogenic long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) exerting tumorigenic effects in a variety of cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC). Results: In the present work, small interfering RNA targeting lncRNA CCAT1(siCCAT1) and curcumin (Cur) were co-incorporated into polymeric hybrid nanoparticles (CSNP), which was constructed based on self-assembling method with two amphiphilic copolymers, polyethyleneimine-poly (D, L- lactide) (PEI-PDLLA) and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy (polyethylene glycol) (DSPE-mPEG). Owing to the multicolor fluorescence characteristics of PEI-PDLLA, the constructed CSNP could be served as a theranostic nanomedicine for synchronous therapy and imaging both in vitro and in vivo. Resultantly, proliferation and migration of HT-29 cells were efficiently inhibited, and the highest apoptosis ratio was induced by CSNP with coordination patterns. Effective knockdown of lncRNA CCAT1 and concurrent regulation of relevant downstream genes could be observed. Furthermore, CSNP triggered conspicuous anti-tumor efficacy in the HT-29 subcutaneous xenografts model with a good biosafety and biocompatibility. Conclusion: On the whole, our studies demonstrated that the collaborative lncRNA CCAT1 silencing and Cur delivery based on CSNP might emerge as a preferable and promising strategy for synergetic anti-CRC therapy.
A Predictive Model for Dilated Cardiomyopathy With Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Liang Jiahua , Zhu Ruochen , Yang Yi , Li Rong , Hong Chuangxiong , Luo Chuanjin
Published: April 2021

Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is defined as a serious cardiac disorder caused by the presence of left ventricular dilatation and contractile dysfunction in the absence of severe coronary artery disease and abnormal loading conditions. The incidence of cardiac death is markedly higher in patients with DCM with pulmonary hypertension (PH) than in DCM patients without PH. However, no previous studies have constructed a predictive model to predict PH in patients with DCM.Methods: Data from 218 DCM patients were collected. The diagnostic criterion for PH by echocardiography was a pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) ≥ 40 mmHg. Basic information, vital signs, comorbidities and biochemical data of each patient were determined. The impact of each parameter on PH was analysed by univariable and multivariable analyses, the data from which were employed to establish a predictive model. Finally, the discriminability, calibration ability, and clinical efficacy of the model were verified for both the modelling group and the external validation group.Results: We successfully applied a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or chronic bronchitis, systolic murmur (SM) at the tricuspid area, SM at the apex and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level to establish a model for predicting PH in DCM. The model was proven to have high accuracy and good discriminability, calibration ability, and clinical application value.Conclusions: A model for predicting PH in patients with DCM was successfully established. The new model is reliable for predicting DCM with PH and has good clinical applicability.
Experimental procedure for studying the degradation and alteration of limestone slabs applied on exterior cladding
Authors: Pires Vera , Amaral P. M. , Simão J. A. R.
Published: April 2021

The studied limestone is a well known Portuguese natural stone that occurs in Valverde – Alcanede region, located in the Maciço Calcário Estremenho (centre of Portugal). This stone is used in several exterior and interior applications such as paving, cladding, masonry and decorations. Slabs made of the studied limestone were installed in ventilated facade with a “kerf” anchoring system in a building located in Valencia (Spain). After approximately five years, signs of degradation were detected on the facades through changes in color, cracks and fissures that caused instability and collapse on several slabs. Limestone slabs comprise irregular patterns due to rock cutting across stylolites. These features represent ideal paths for fluid circulation through the slab and can be identify as vulnerability zones for exterior applications. Experimental procedure included several laboratory analyses in order to study clays and the iron oxide contents. Microscopic petrography, XRD and SEM observations were important to identify the interaction of the clay material in stylolites and fossil contours. Results show the importance of establishing standard methods for selecting stone on cladding applications. From the results, it is possible to understand that clay minerals have a strong influence on the mechanical performance of this stone. Among other important remarks, results show the importance of the development of standard procedures that acknowledge the structure and mineral composition before setting these natural products as construction materials. Proper stone selection was found important to avoid facade degradation, and hence contribute to prevent accidents and promote user safety as well as economic impacts.
Effect of Lighting Illuminance and Color Temperature on Mental Workload in Office Setting
Authors: Bao Jiayi , Song Xinbo , Li Yan , Bai Yinjie , Zhou Qianxiang
Published: April 2021

The mental workload of subjects was tested in different lighting conditions, with color temperature ranging from 3000K to 6500K and illuminance 300 lx to 1000 lx. We used both psychological and physiological responses for evaluation. The former was based on the NASA-TLX scores, and the latter was based on EEG P3b analysis of event-related potentials with the “oddball” paradigm experimental task. Results show that the P3b amplitudes are significantly affected by color temperature (P = 0.009) and illuminance (P = 0.038) levels. Office environment with 3000K color temperature and 750 lx illumination, which exerts the lowest mental workload, is the most suitable for working. However, the interaction between color temperature and illuminance in affecting the mental workload of participants is not clear. This work provides more appropriate lighting choices with color temperature and illuminance in order to reduce people’s mental workload in office setting.
How much tumor volume is responsible for development of clinical symptoms in patients with convexity, parasagittal, and falx meningiomas?
Authors: Yamada Shuhei , Kijima Noriyuki , Nakagawa Tomoyoshi , Hirayama Ryuichi , Kinoshita Manabu , Kagawa Naoki , Kishima Haruhiko
Published: April 2021

Purpose
Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial neoplasms. Their volume and location are important factors related to the appearance of clinical symptoms. This study aimed to identify factors that influence clinical symptoms and to determine a specific threshold tumor volume for the prediction of symptomatic progression in patients with convexity, parasagittal, and falx meningiomas.
Methods
We retrospectively studied patients with radiologically suspected convexity, parasagittal, or falx meningiomas at our institution.
Results
The data of three hundred thirty-three patients were analyzed. We further divided patients into two groups based on clinical symptoms: as asymptomatic group (250 cases) and a symptomatic group (83 cases). Univariate analysis revealed significant differences between the groups in terms of sex (p = 0.002), age at the time of volumetric analysis (p < 0.001), hyperintense lesions on T2-weighted images (p = 0.029), peritumoral edema (p < 0.001), maximum tumor diameter (p < 0.001), and tumor volume (p < 0.001). Further multivariate analysis revealed significant differences between the groups in terms of age at the time of volumetric analysis (p = 0.002), peritumoral edema (p < 0.001), and tumor volume (p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve revealed a threshold tumor volume of 21.1 ml for predicting whether a patient would develop symptoms (sensitivity 0.843, specificity 0.880, an area under the curve 0.919 [95% confidence interval: 0.887–0.951]).
Conclusion
We identified factors predictive of clinical symptoms in patients with convexity, parasagittal, and falx meningiomas and determined the first-ever threshold tumor volume for predicting symptomatic progression in such patients.
Strongly correlated excitonic insulator in atomic double layers
Authors: Mak Kin Fai , Ma Liguo , Nguyen Phuong , Wang Zefang , Zeng Yongxin , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , MacDonald Allan , Shan Jie
Published: April 2021

Excitonic insulators (EIs) arise from the formation of bound electron-hole pairs (excitons) in semiconductors and provide a solid-state platform for quantum many-boson physics. Strong exciton-exciton repulsion is expected to stabilize condensed superfluid and crystalline phases by suppressing both density and phase fluctuations. Although spectroscopic signatures of EIs have been reported, conclusive evidence for strongly correlated EI states has remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate a strongly correlated spatially indirect two-dimensional (2D) EI ground state formed in transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) semiconductor double layers. An equilibrium interlayer exciton fluid is formed when the bias voltage applied between the two electrically isolated TMD layers, is tuned to a range that populates bound electron-hole pairs, but not free electrons or holes. Capacitance measurements show that the fluid is exciton-compressible but charge-incompressible – direct thermodynamic evidence of the EI. The fluid is also strongly correlated with a dimensionless exciton coupling constant exceeding 10. We further construct an exciton phase diagram that reveals both the Mott transition and interaction-stabilized quasi-condensation. Our experiment paves the path for realizing the exotic quantum phases of excitons, as well as multi-terminal exciton circuitry for applications.
Layering contrasting photoselective filters improves the simulation of foliar shade
Authors: Petrella Dominic , Breuillin-Sessoms Florence , Watkins Eric
Published: April 2021

Background
Neutral density shade cloth is commonly used for simulating foliar shade, in which it reduces light intensity without altering spectral quality. However, foliar shade also alters spectral quality, reducing the ratio of red to far-red (R:FR) light and altering the ratio of blue to green (B:G) light. Unlike shade cloth, photoselective filters can alter spectral quality, but the filters used have not simulated foliar shade well. We examined the spectral quality of sunlight under color temperature blue (CTB), plus green (PG), and neutral density (ND) filters from LEE Filters, Rosco e-colour+, and Rosco Cinegel brands either alone or layered, hypothesizing that the contrasting qualities of the different filters would improve simulations. As a proof-of-concept, we collected spectral data under foliar shade to compare to data collected under photoselective filters.
Results
Under foliar shade reductions in the R:FR ratio ranged from 0.11–0.54 (~ 1.18 in full sun), while reductions in the B:G ratio (~ 0.87 in full sun) were as low as 0.53 (deep shade), or were as high as 1.11 (moderate shade). Neutral density filters led to near-neutral reductions in photosynthetically active radiation and reduced the R:FR ratio similar to foliar shade. Color temperature blue filters simulated the increased B:G ratio observed under moderate foliar shade; however, these filters did not reduce the R:FR ratio low enough. On their own, PG filters did not simulate any type of foliar shade. Different brands of the same filter type also had disparate effects on spectral quality. Layered CTB and ND filters improved the accuracy of moderate foliar shade simulations, and layering CTB, PG, and ND filters led to accurate simulations of deep foliar shade.
Conclusions
Layering photoselective filters with contrasting effects on the spectral quality of sunlight results in more accurate simulations of foliar shade compared to when these filters are used separately. Layered filters can re-create the spectral motifs of moderate and foliar shade, and could be used to simulate shade scenarios found in different cropping systems. Photoselective filters offer numerous advantages over neutral density shade cloth, and could be a direct replacement for researchers using neutral density shade cloth in their experiments.
Parametric Excitation and Mode Control Using an Oersted Field in a NiFe Nanowire
Authors: Hwang S. , Yoon Seungha , Seo D. P. , Cho B. K.
Published: April 2021

Parametric pumping is a nonlinear wave phenomenon and a promising technique for electronic devices based on spin waves, so-called “magnonics”. For parametric excitation, a magnetic nanowire system that has a built-in dc current line to produce an Oersted field is designed, and for spin wave detection, a micro-Brillouin light scattering (μ-BLS) system is used. A spin wave with a frequency of fsw = 5.6 GHz is observed when a pumping microwave with a frequency of fmw = 11.2 GHz is applied. The wave is found to be of the n = 1 width mode (n is the antinode number), and its mode changes to an edge-localized (or possibly n > 1) mode when the Oersted field (or current) varies. Joule heating effects are not observed in the pumping process. Thus, spin wave mode control by the built-in current would be a convenient and useful method to enhance the efficiency and compatibility in applications of spin-based electronics.
Temperature-Dependent Functional Response of Harmonia Axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Preying on Acyrthosiphon Pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Nymphs
Authors: Islam Yasir , Shah Farhan Mahmood , Rubing Xu , Razaq Muhammad , Yabo Miao , Xihong Li , Zhou Xingmiao
Published: April 2021

Functional response models are often used to understand the foraging interactions and determine the suitable biocontrol agents. We determined the functional response of Harmonia axyridis to nymph Acyrthosiphon pisum at different but constant temperatures (between 15 and 35 °C) and prey densities. Logistic regression and Roger’s random predator models were employed to determine the type and parameters of functional response. Harmonia axyridis larvae and adults exhibited Type II functional responses to different densities of A. pisum. Warming increased both the predation activity and host aphid control mortality. The 4th instar and female H. axyridis consumed the most aphids. Warming contributed markedly in accelerating the predator action. For fourth instar larvae and female H. axyridis adult, the successful attack rates were 0.234 ± 0.014 h−1 and 0.247 ± 0.015 h−1; the handling times were 0.132 ± 0.005 h and 0.156 ± 0.004 h; and the estimated maximum predation rates were 181.28 ± 14.54 and 153.85 ± 4.06, respectively. These findings accentuate the high performance of 4th instar and female H. axyridis and the role of temperature in their efficiency. Further studies exploring intraguild predation and mutual interference will be required to conclude the biocontrol potential of H. axyridis to A. pisum.
Resonator-free tunable sub-MHz spectral dip in the Brillouin gain using spun birefringent fibers
Authors: Choksi Neel , Liu Yi , Ghasemi Rojina , Qian Li
Published: April 2021

Ultra-narrow spectral features are desirable for a broad range of applications, and they are conventionally realized using ultrahigh Q resonant structures. These structures typically require precision fabrication processes, and moreover, since they are passive, they suffer from signal loss. Here, we demonstrate a novel way to achieve sub-MHz tunable spectral dip in the Brillouin gain spectrum of a spun birefringent fiber (SBF) without loss, and without using a resonator. We show that this dip is unique to SBF, where its polarization eigenmodes are elliptical and frequency-dependent, and the dip only occurs when these orthogonal polarization eigenmodes of the SBF (at the respective pump and signal frequencies) are launched in counter-propagating directions. We experimentally demonstrate a 0.72 MHz spectral dip in the Brillouin gain spectrum of a commercial SBF which is to our knowledge, the narrowest SBS spectral feature ever reported. Furthermore, the linewidth, depth, and spectral location of this dip are tunable on demand by controlling the pump frequency, pump power, and the input polarization of the signal. Its simplicity in implementation, its ultra-narrow linewidth, and its tunability can have a wide range of potential applications, from slow-light to microwave photonics.
How to really help bees: nutrient demand and supply in a changing environment
Authors: Filipiak Zuzanna , Denisow Bozena , Stawiarz Ernest , Filipiak Michał
Published: April 2021

Local and global changes affect which pollen varieties are available to bees in the environment. Therefore, wild bees cannot always access the optimally balanced diet required for their survival. Our feeding experiment showed that the nutritional quality of the pollen diet eaten by bee larvae is shaped not by pollen diversity but by a specific pollen species composition that results in specific nutrients being scarce or sufficient; this species composition influences bee survivability, development and mass. We proposed that the functioning of bee populations and communities may depend on the floral diversity of the local habitat, which determines whether a nutritionally balanced pollen diet obtained from specific species can be provided to bee larvae. Holistically considering wild bee fitness and health and the different characteristics of the food base at both the ecosystem and bee biology levels can provide new, important knowledge for conserving bees and their critical ecological roles.
Therapeutic Penetrating Keratoplasty using Full-Thickness Gamma Irradiated Corneal Tissue
Authors: Corrales Gustavo , Sabet Sina , Kallakury Bhaskar , Rusnock Eileen , Sabet Cameron , Akpek Esen
Published: April 2021

Purpose: This paper is intended to report the ultrastructural and biological features of VisionGraft®, a commercially available acellular gamma-irradiated sterile cornea. This is the first known ultrastructural examination of the VisionGraft® with electron microscopy after in-vivo explanation. Observations: This graft was initially placed for tectonic purposes in a non-responsive culture positive Aspergillus keratitis in a 50 year-old diabetic male, unresponsive to maximal medical therapy. Five months later, a second penetrating keratoplasty with fresh tissue was performed and the Visiongraft® was submitted for histopathologic evaluation. This study reports that there is minimal regrowth of nerves and endothelial cells into the graft, and corneal clarity appears to be preserved even in the absence of endothelium. Conclusions and Importance: Examination of the acellular cornea showed no significant epithelial regrowth, no nerve regeneration, no infiltration by leukocytes or antigen presenting cells, no significant endothelial regrowth, and yet, surprisingly, no interstitial edema. We offer some hypotheses for these observations based on the histopathologic evaluation and offer some suggestions for future avenues of research.
Deep learning in geodesy
Authors: Sorkhabi Omid Memarian
Published: April 2021

Deep learning (DL) can be a way to automate the analysis of predictions. DL algorithms are in the hierarchy of increasing complexity and abstraction while traditional machine learning is linear. In this study, the downscaling of the GRACE-FO satellite was investigated using a convolutional neural network (CNN). Three solutions were used for downscaling with CNN. Down-scaling accuracy is estimated to be 0.1 degree and its absolute error is 1 mm. The results show that this method can improve the GRACE-FO spatial resolution problem with higher efficiency and make it easier to analyze the results. Also, DL can solve many geodesy problems.
Unconventional reconciliation path for quantum mechanics and general relativity
Authors: Yuguru Samuel
Published: April 2021

Physics in general is successfully governed by quantum mechanics at the microscale and principles of relativity at the macroscale. Any attempts to unify them using conventional methods have somewhat remained elusive for nearly a century up to the present stage. Here in this study, a classical gedanken experiment of electron-wave diffraction of a single slit is intuitively examined for its quantized states. A unidirectional monopole field as quanta of the electric field is pictorially conceptualized. Its application towards quantum mechanics and general relativity in accordance with existing knowledge in physics paves an alternative path towards their reconciliation process. This assumes a multiverse at a hierarchy of scales with gravity localized to a body into space. Such an outcome provides an approximate intuitive guide to examine physics in general from alternative perspectives using conventional methods.
Meta-analysis in management and quality sciences
Authors: Dzwigol Henryk
Published: April 2021

This study on the methodology of conducting the research process indicates the scarcity of an empirical approach to a problem of quality of the research process. In this paper, the determinants of the quality of the research process in the management sciences were examined. The authors employed the commonly used principal component analysis (PCA), also known as factor analysis. Furthermore, the article presents a holistic, structured and configurable framework that would result in the construction of an appropriate research methodology. The research work carried out within the discipline of management sciences must be embedded both in terms of theory and practice. Although the management sciences are most often treated as applied or practical sciences, they also undertake theoretical research in their scope, because no science can develop without theoretical research. This paper aims to identify the factors influencing the quality of the research process as the complementary elements to the contemporary methodological approaches. The analysis of the domestic and foreign scientific background, as well as the drawn conclusions, turned on the modifications introduced over the years in the management methods. The management methodology is constantly expanding by new methods, the latter being of diverse cognitive and practical effectiveness. The constant growth of diagnostic instruments has been dependent, mainly, on changes occurring in the environment. Moreover, it is connected to the need to make use of more sophisticated and effective tools. The article focused on meta-analysis as a research process and qualitative approach to the research process on the example of research results. Empirical research confirms the existence of factors that constitute a criterion supporting the assessment of the quality of the conducted research process. In the management sciences, the quality of the research process is defined as verifying the degree of implementation and consistency of the objectives of the work following the research problem and conclusions.
Digital paradigm of economy and management in the conditions of global human transformation
Authors: Voronkova Valentyna , Nikitenko Vìtalina , Oleksenko Roman , Cherep Oleksandr , Andriukaitiene Regina , Briki Islam
Published: April 2021

Modern paradigm of society digitalization, based on the introduction of digital economy and management, on new information and computer technologies is considered. The example of the European Union and Morocco in the context of cross-cultural analysis shows how to form a similar paradigm in order to bring the country to the level of an advanced one. At the heart of the digital economy and digital management is the introduction of innovations in various sectors of national economy. The European Union has focused on four key areas: 1) skills; 2) infrastructure; 3) public services; 4) digitalization of business, which contributes to the digital revolution. By increasing their capacity, countries have been able to steer the digital transformation of the world for the better by expanding international technological cooperation. At the same time, three main principles should be followed: 1) equal“playing field” in digital markets; 2) security in cyberspace; 3) freedom online. The example of Morocco as a developing country shows that the country has chosen a scenario for the development of digital technologies and this logic has led to the current development of modern ICT and to the absence of a gap in the mentioned sector. In order to remain competitive in 10 years (as Morocco does), it is necessary to begin digital transformation today and change must affect not only the IT system, but also the people and leaders, their consciousness and culture, the formation of algorithmic thinking in the organization, for which the state should regulate this sector and develop the infrastructure of organizations and advanced innovative thinking.
Rare Pulmonary Tumors and Carcinoma Mimickers; Experience from an Interventional Radiology Unit with Radiologic-pathologic Correlation- A Pictoral Essay
Authors: Ünal Emre , Arslan Sevtap , Aghayeva Gulnar , Sarıkaya Yasin , Çifti Türkmen , Önder Sevgen , Akıncı Devrim , Akhan Okan
Published: April 2021

Background:

Although imaging findings along with patients’ clinical history may give
a clue for the etiology of a pulmonary lesion, the differentiation of benign pulmonary lesions from
lung cancer could be challenging.

Objective:

The aim of this review article was to increase the awareness of carcinoma mimicking
lung lesions.

Methods:

This paper was designed to illustrate rare pulmonary tumors and carcinoma mimickers
with emphasis on radiologic-pathologic correlation. Pitfalls encountered on CT images and also
false positivity of PET-CT scans were also presented.

Conclusion:

Several benign pulmonary lesions may grow in size on follow-up and some may
show pathologic FDG (18F-fluorodeoxyglucose) uptake, which makes them indistinguishable from
lung carcinoma by imaging. In addition, some slow-growing malignant lesions, such as carcinoid,
may be false-negative on PET/CT scans.
Effect of Visual Cognition on the Measurement of Particle Size Using ImageJ Software
Authors: Debut Alexis , Vizuete Karla , Pazmiño Katherine , Calderón Janyna , Gallegos Camila , Gaona Vanessa
Published: April 2021

Background:

Nanoparticles are structures up to 100 nm in size. Estimation of their
size is usually determined by assessing of images obtained from scanning electron microscopy
(SEM) and/or transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. Studies on the effect of visual
cognition on the analysis of these types of images are limited.

Objective:

The aim of the research was to determine whether students’ visual cognition influences
the identification, analysis, and measurement of nanoparticle size through SEM and TEM
imaging using ImageJ software.

Methods:

The visual cognition of each participant was evaluated by recognizing individual nanoparticles
and measuring their diameter using ImageJ software. Finally, the Kruskal Wallis test
was performed for statistical analysis.

Results:

Participants applied or not four main identification criteria in order to identify individual
nanoparticles: shape, high contrast, defined edges, and presence/absence of agglomerates,
being “shape” the predominant parameter taken into account to measure the diameter using ImageJ.
Average diameters, number of measured nanoparticles, and standard errors of measurements
varied between groups in all analyzed images, evidencing the influence of visual cognition
on the measurements.

Conclusion:

We conclude that there is an effect of visual cognition in the identification of nanoparticles
and their diameter estimation. The user’s training, background, experience, perspective,
and operational conditions of SEM/TEM play a fundamental role in estimating the size of
nanoparticles measured in microphotographs using ImageJ.
Data Analytics and Public Safety
Authors: Masongsong Mark
Published: April 2021

On November 27, 2020, UrbanLogiq CEO Mark Masongsong spoke on the topic of Data Analytics and Public Safety at the 2020 CASIS West Coast Security Conference. The key points of discussion focused on the challenges of artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies and their utility towards public safety.
Radicalization in the Age of Social Media: Mass Identity Manipulations (MIMs)
Authors: Moskalenko Sophia
Published: April 2021

On November 25, 2020, Dr. Sophia Moskalenko presented on Radicalization in the Age of Social Media: Mass Identity Manipulations (MIMs) at the 2020 CASIS West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a panel discussion for questions & answers, and breakout rooms for further discussion before closing off the day. The key topics of Dr. Moskalenko’s presentation included social media’s role in mass radicalization, MIMs, and the impact of MIMs in radicalization and de-radicalization efforts.
Artificial Intelligence and Police Decision Making Processes
Authors: Palmer Adam
Published: April 2021

On November 26, 2020, Chief Constable Adam Palmer of the Vancouver Police Department (VPD) presented Artificial Intelligence and Police Decision Making Processes at the 2020 CASIS West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a group panel for questions & answers. Main discussion topics included the integration of data and information sharing systems between BC policing services at all levels, the integration of geospatial technologies into policing in BC, the benefits of introducing better business analytics into policing, and better policing for situations involving mental health issues.
New Stakeholders Changing Europe
Authors: Aleksandrova Olena
Published: April 2021

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the stakeholders’ impact on the development of the European Union and identifies prospects for the stakeholders’ development and building out appropriate institutions for Ukraine. Globalization, transition of a number of Western countries to the initial stage of an information society, formation of the world economic system, formation of a "risk society" - all these and other factors have led to the transformation of stakeholders in the European Union. The new stakeholders, namely, the global civil society, the transnational capitalist class, the blurred middle class and the precariat, the knowledge-class, the under-class are changing the foundations of the modern world order. Against the background of globalization, the global economic crisis of 2008-2013, many countries are trying to avoid considerable shocks by deepening cooperation, participation in certain integration processes, coordination with other countries or international organizations to address issues of stabilizing their own socio-economic situation. Ukraine has also chosen this strategy by signing and ratifying the Association Agreement with the EU in 2014. For Ukraine, the example of the enlargement of the European Union in 2004 is a heuristic, because the mechanism of admission of new participants is still relevant today. The key components of the country's preparation algorithm were economic transformations, democratization of the country's governance, increase of energy efficiency, and synchronization of legal norms with the EU.
Metaphor as a development factor of the network society
Authors: Schnitzer Maria
Published: April 2021

The formation of the methodological apparatus of network theory has been shown and the role of metaphor in the network society has been investigated to identify changes in reality and the emergence of new knowledge or a new variant of knowledge. It has been determined that thanks to metaphors, the paradigm of description of contemporary society has changed, which is now characterized as “network” or “web”, “flowing”, “dynamic”, “uneven” etc. The most famous attempts of such a description are the concept of new sociality by Z. Bauman and the actor-network theory by B. Latour. The latter allows considering the metaphor at the epistemological level of knowledge, i.e. in the processes of social construction. In this case, metaphors are used to build various kinds of metatheories that combine ways of substantiating and structuring knowledge about society, as well as determine the logical correlation of the main elements of analysis. An analysis of R. Haeussling’s network concept is given as an illustration of such possibilities of metaphor.
ontologia humana enquanto referência para uma educação popular emancipatória
Authors: Bomfim Luciano Sérgio Ventin
Published: April 2021

Este ensaio partiu de uma questão aparentemente resolvida, qual seja, a de que todos têm clareza do que seja o ser humano, já que os textos educacionais raramente colocam em questão a necessidade de fazer este esclarecimento. O objetivo deste ensaio é explicitar a assunção dos atributos humanos em Marx enquanto princípios didáticopedagógicos na perspectiva de uma concepção de Educação Popular emancipatória. Partimos da tese de que a assunção da ontologia humana como pilar para se desenvolver e afirmar as diversas referências identitárias livra o ser humano da possibilidade de reproduzir em sua práxis social a lógica reificante do Capital. Assumir a ontologia humana como referência para o estabelecimento de uma práxis social e educacional emancipatória implica na assunção dos atributos humanos como princípios didáticopedagógicos, quais sejam, o trabalho, a consciência, a universalidade, a sociabilidade e a liberdade. Esta decisão exigirá uma atitude de reconhecimento humano do educando, bem como do acolhimento de suas referências identitárias e modos de interpretar o real como necessários e legítimos à formação humana do educando e de si mesmo.
Território e currículo: relações interdisciplinares entre estudos territoriais e educação social
Authors: Souza Maria , Meireles ludmylla , Bicalho Maria
Published: April 2021

As discussões apresentadas neste artigo se sustentam nos resultados de uma investigação, de cunho bibliográfico, que buscou estabelecer conexão interdisciplinar entre o campo da geografia, no qual os estudos territoriais se estabelecem, e o campo da educação social. O objetivo dessas discussões é propor reflexões sobre o território e a educação social, e suas contribuições para as práticas curriculares em espaços não escolares. Sob a ótica das teorias críticas, que negam a neutralidade do currículo, busca-se explicitar os vínculos que se estabelecem entre conhecimento, relações (sociais e de poder) e conscientização, considerando a espacialidade como constitutivas dessas relações. Nas experiências de educação que se constituem em espaços não escolares (e escolares), os sujeitos são os atores centrais para a construção do currículo, como portadores, nas práticas educativas, de vividos territoriais. As conclusões do estudo apontam para a importância de se considerar o território como constituinte dos sujeitos e, portanto, como constituinte das práticas educativas e elemento a se considerar no campo da pesquisa em educação, especialmente na educação social
mundo da rua educa
Authors: Almeida Sara Ferreira de , Oliveira Maria Waldenez
Published: April 2021

O artigo traz resultados de pesquisa acerca dos processos educativos vivenciados por pessoas adultas que vivem na rua na cidade de São Carlos–SP. O desvelamento dos saberes dessa população foi feito a partir de metodologia, cujo aporte freireano e dusseliano privilegiou a participação dos sujeitos. Foram realizadas rodas de conversa, entrevistas para levantamento de temas geradores e da análise dos dados emergiram categorias que possibilitaram compreensão mais detida sobre a realidade investigada, a saber: 1) “As pessoas que estão na rua não são os lixos que a sociedade joga fora”; 2) “Viver é saber viver. Morar é lavar, passar, cozinhar”; 3) “Viver na rua é muito difícil, mas é alegre também, sabia?”; 4) “A rua é um mundo”; 5) “Na rua eu aprendi muito, experiências que eu jamais vou esquecer”. Foi possível apreender processos educativos consolidados na rua, como a busca por sobrevivência material e simbólica, proteção do grupo e resistência dentro da lógica que oprime aqueles e aquelas que vivem as complexas dimensões da vida humana nessas condições. Espera-se contribuir com a problematização de visões distorcidas de que na rua nada se ensina e pouco se aprende, além de colaborar no debate acerca das pedagogias dos grupos populares.
Educação popular e pedagogia social:diálogo singular e experiência plural
Authors: Leiro Augusto , Moraes Cândida , Santos Vanessa
Published: April 2021

Considerando o contexto contemporâneo brasileiro, propício a diferentes e novas práticas de educação social, este artigo busca refletir sobre a relevância histórica e política da educação popular e seu entrecruzamento teórico com a pedagogia social. Neste sentido, são apresentadas singularidades da educação socialmente referenciada, tomando duas experiências investigativas de abordagem qualitativa como inspiração. O estudo de caso na perspectiva contrastiva presidiu a metodologia das experiências em tela e a análise de conteúdo, a partir das entrevistas com educadores sociais, constituiu-se em fonte empírica privilegiada. A pedagogia social é abordada como um constructo teórico e como categoria substantiva no campo da educação. A influência da educação popular nas práticas produzidas nos contextos da pedagogia social evidenciam uma estreita relação e favorecem o reconhecimento do legado freireano; as relações entre educadores e educandos; a construção de práxis educativas implicadas às comunidades; a formação continuada comprometida com a emancipação dos sujeitos e a superação das desigualdades sociais. A presente escrita edifica uma nova síntese dos estudos desenvolvidos, em que a educação popular e a pedagogia social promovem experiências formativas significativas, no âmbito da educação social, e expressa o relevo desse campo de estudo como dimensão fundante de uma educação que acolhe os sujeitos na sua diferença
Offline Writer Recognition for Kurdish Handwritten Text Document Based on Proposed Codebook
Authors: Mohammed Twana Latif , Ahmed Ahmed Abdullah
Published: April 2021

Handwritten text recognition has been an ongoing attractive task to research in the field of document analysis and recognition with applications in handwriting forensics, paleography, document examination, and handwriting recognition. In the present research, an automatic method of writer recognition is presented using digitized images of unconstrained texts. Despite the increasing efforts by prior literature on the different methods used for the same purpose, such methods performance, particularly their accuracy, has not been promising, leaving plenty of room for improvements. This method made use of codebook-based writer characterization, with each writing sample represented by a group of computed features from a primary and secondary codebook. The writings were then represented through the computation of the probability of codebook patterns occurrence, and the probability distribution was employed for each writer’s characterization. Writer identification process involved comparing two writings through the computation of the distances between their respective probability distribution. The study carried out experiments to determine the performance of the implemented method in light of rates of identification with the help of standard datasets, namely, KRDOH and IAM, the former being the most current and largest Kurdish handwritten datasets with 1076 writers, and the latter being a dataset containing 650 writers. The outcome of the experiments was promising with a rate of identification of 94.3%, with the proposed method outperforming the state-of-the-art methods by 2–3%.
Shared Decision-Making With a Virtual Patient in Medical Education: Mixed Methods Evaluation Study
Authors: Jacklin Simon , Maskrey Neal , Chapman Stephen
Published: April 2021

Background

Shared decision-making (SDM) is a process in which clinicians and patients work together to select tests, treatments, management, or support packages based on clinical evidence and the patient’s informed preferences. Similar to any skill, SDM requires practice to improve. Virtual patients (VPs) are simulations that allow one to practice a variety of clinical skills, including communication. VPs can be used to help professionals and students practice communication skills required to engage in SDM; however, this specific focus has not received much attention within the literature. A multiple-choice VP was developed to allow students the opportunity to practice SDM. To interact with the VP, users chose what they wanted to say to the VP by choosing from multiple predefined options, rather than typing in what they wanted to say.

Objective

This study aims to evaluate a VP workshop for medical students aimed at developing the communication skills required for SDM.

Methods

Preintervention and postintervention questionnaires were administered, followed by semistructured interviews. The questionnaires provided cohort-level data on the participants’ views of the VP and helped to inform the interview guide; the interviews were used to explore some of the data from the questionnaire in more depth, including the participants’ experience of using the VP.

Results

The interviews and questionnaires suggested that the VP was enjoyable and easy to use. When the participants were asked to rank their priorities in both pre- and post-VP consultations, there was a change in the rank position of respecting patient choices, with the median rank changing from second to first. Owing to the small sample size, this was not analyzed for statistical significance. The VP allowed the participants to explore a consultation in a way that they could not with simulated or real patients, which may be part of the reason that the VP was suggested as a useful intervention for bridging from the early, theory-focused years of the curriculum to the more patient-focused ones later.

Conclusions

The VP was well accepted by the participants. The multiple-choice system of interaction was reported to be both useful and restrictive. Future work should look at further developing the mode of interaction and explore whether the VP results in any changes in observed behavior or practice.
Social Media Content of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Groups and Pages on Facebook: Cross-sectional Analysis
Authors: Kochan Andrew , Ong Shaun , Guler Sabina , Johannson Kerri A , Ryerson Christopher J , Goobie Gillian C
Published: April 2021

Background

Patients use Facebook as a resource for medical information. We analyzed posts on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)-related Facebook groups and pages for the presence of guideline content, user engagement, and usefulness.

Objective

The objective of this study was to describe and analyze posts from Facebook groups and pages that primarily focus on IPF-related content.

Methods

Cross-sectional analysis was performed on a single date, identifying Facebook groups and pages resulting from separately searching “IPF” and “idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.” For inclusion, groups and pages needed to meet either search term and be in English, publicly available, and relevant to IPF. Every 10th post was assessed for general characteristics, source, focus, and user engagement metrics. Posts were analyzed for presence of IPF guideline content, useful scientific information (eg, scientific publications), useful support information (eg, information about support groups), and potentially harmful information.

Results

Eligibility criteria were met by 12 groups and 27 pages, leading to analysis of 523 posts. Of these, 42% contained guideline content, 24% provided useful support, 20% provided useful scientific information, and 5% contained potentially harmful information. The most common post source was nonmedical users (85%). Posts most frequently focused on IPF-related news (29%). Posts containing any guideline content had fewer likes or comments and a higher likelihood of containing potentially harmful content. Posts containing useful supportive information had more likes, shares, and comments.

Conclusions

Facebook contains useful information about IPF, but posts with misinformation and less guideline content have higher user engagement, making them more visible. Identifying ways to help patients with IPF discriminate between useful and harmful information on Facebook and other social media platforms is an important task for health care professionals.
Impact of Facilities and Service Quality on Patient Relatives Satisfaction and Patronage in University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Borno State, Nigeria
Authors:   Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Mammadi Abubakar , Funtua Hussaini Alhassan ,   The Federal Polytechnic Damaturu, Muktar Usman Alhaji ,   The Federal Polytechnic Damaturu,   Bilyaminu Othman College of Education Das
Published: April 2021

The study aimed at evaluating the impact of facilities and service quality in the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital. The study assesses the level of service quality and facilities provided to the patient's relative satisfaction and patronage. The study adopted a quantitative approach, and data were collected through a questionnaire survey from 225 patients relative to the UMTH proportionately selected from the target population in the Borno metropolis. The data collected were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics with mean ranking, frequency distribution and Partial Least Square – Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) to achieve the research aim. The study indicated that service quality has the most potent effect on patronage, followed by satisfaction with a significant effect and facilities provided with a small size effect. The study also indicated hypothesised path relationship between service quality and patronage is statistically significant. The study reported that hypothesised path relationship between satisfaction and patronage is statistically significant. The study demonstrated that hypothesised path relationship between facilities provision and patronage is not statistically significant. It can be depicted that service quality and satisfaction are both moderately strong predictors of patronage, but facilities provision does not predict patronage directly. The study finally recommended that management intervenes through the provision of maintenance culture, enhancing the quality of services and facilities for satisfaction and patronage.
Pursuing National Security by Iran is Not Equal to Being Paranoid about the USA
Authors:   Kenyatta University, Mutonyi Gerald Peter
Published: April 2021

In most countries of the world where there is a strong western influence, there has been a persistent narrative that Iran is paranoid about the United States of America. It will not spare any grain to ensure the destruction of the mighty American nation. But according to the leaders of Iran, their actions are about the safeguarding of their country national security interest. Yet, there have been limited studies to respond to whether Iran is paranoid about the USA or if it is all about national security. Hence this study sought to illustrate the dangers of appeasing the USA when your national policies are in contract. The study selected a few countries and scenarios: Vietnam, Afghanistan, Iraq-Iran war, the Axil of Evil phrase, Iraq, and Syria for the illustration. The study has shown that the USA will not relent to pursue its national interest against those opposing it, notwithstanding the consequences on the recipients. This USA trend will continue to manifest to the unforeseeable, thereby putting Iran in danger that befell other nations who had opposed the USA. Based on the findings, the study concludes that Iran is not paranoid about the USA but is concerned with preserving its national security and interests.