bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Source and mask optimizing with a defocus antagonism for process window enhancement
Authors: Peng Fei , Xu Yiduo , Song Yi , Gui Chengqun , Zhao Yan
Published: September 2022

With the continuous reduction of critical dimension (CD) of integrated circuits, inverse lithography technology (ILT) is widely adopted for the resolution enhancement to ensure the fidelity of photolithography, and for the process window (PW) improvement to enlarge the depth of focus (DOF) and exposure latitude (EL). In the photolithography, DOF is a critical specification which plays a vital role for the robustness of a lithographical process. DOF has been investigated to evaluate the optimization quality of ILT, but there is not a clear scenario to optimize the DOF directly. In this paper, the source and mask optimization (SMO) based on defocus generative and adversarial method (DGASMO) is proposed, which takes the source, mask and defocus as variables, and the inverse imaging framework employs the Adam algorithm to accelerate the optimization. In the optimization process, the penalty term constantly pushes the defocus outward, while the pattern fidelity pushes the defocus term inward, and the optimal source and mask are constantly searched in the confrontation process to realize the control of DOF. Compared to SMO with the Adam method (SMO-Adam), the PW and DOF (EL = 15%) in DGASMO maximally increased 29.12% and 44.09% at 85 nm technology node, and the PW and DOF (EL = 2%) at 55 nm technology node maximally increased 190.2% and 118.42%. Simulation results confirm the superiority of the proposed DGASMO approach in DOF improvement, process robustness, and process window.
Multi-frame multi-exposure shock wave imaging and pressure measurements
Authors: Mur Jaka , Reuter Fabian , Kočica Jernej Jan , Lokar Žiga , Petelin Jaka , Agrež Vid , Ohl Claus-Dieter , Petkovšek Rok
Published: September 2022

Shock wave visual detection was traditionally performed using streak cameras, limited to homogeneous shock wave emission, with the corresponding shock wave pressure measurements available at rather large distances or numerically estimated through equation of state for water. We demonstrate a multi-frame multi-exposure shock wave velocity measurement technique for all in-plane directions of propagation, based on custom-built illumination system allowing multiple illumination pulses within each frame at multi-MHz frame rates and at up to 200 MHz illumination pulse repetition frequency at sub-nanosecond pulse durations. The measurements are combined and verified using a fiber-optic probe hydrophone, providing independent shock wave pressure and time-of-flight measurements, creating a novel all-optical measurement setup. The measured pressures at distances around 100 µm from the plasma center exceed 500 MPa, while camera-based measurements at even shorter distances indicate pressures above 1 GPa.
Analysis on image quality of a holographic lens with a non-converging signal wave for compact near-eye displays
Authors: Yeom Jiwoon , Jeong Jinsoo , Hong Jisoo , Choi Kwang-soon
Published: September 2022

We analyze an image quality of a holographic lens (HL) in order to implement compact near-eye displays using a flat-panel-type micro-display panel. The proposed method utilizes a non-converging signal wave in a fabrication process of the HL, so that it provides affordable eye-box size with minimizing the aberration due to rays in the off-Bragg condition. For analyzing and optimizing the HL based on the non-converging signal wave, we introduce a comprehensive analysis model for an assessment of the image quality in the HL. The analysis model, inspired from the conventional lens design strategy for near-eye displays, evaluates the focal spot quality for incident rays forming each pixel with considering the on- and off-Bragg diffraction. The theoretical analysis is validated by simulation results using a volume hologram model in Zemax OpticStudio. As experimental verifications, we realize a prototype system using photopolymer-based HLs in a green color with the high transmittance of 89.3%. The image quality of the HLs is analyzed, which coincides well with the proposed analysis and assessment metric. By building a compact experimental setup employing the HL and a micro-organic light emitting diode display, we present see-through images with 8.0 mm of eye-box with reduced aberrations.
Nanometer-scale displacement measurement using a simple diffraction grating with a quadrature detection technique
Authors: Nuntakulkaisak T. , Bavontaweepanya R. , Infahsaeng Y. , Wongjom P. , Pijitrojana W. , Suwanna S. , Pongophas E.
Published: September 2022

A phase-sensitive transparent grating interferometer is proposed to measure small displacements. A transparent grating is inserted between a light source and a reflective mirror. The diffracted light beams of the forward and backward propagation are superposed to form the interference pattern. When two detectors are placed at two different positions of the interference fringe in such a way that the signals have quadrature phase difference, the phase variation can infer the displacement of the reflected mirror. This simple setup can measure the displacement of the mirror at nanometer scale with 98.2% accuracy, high precision with 10 nm in standard deviation, and lowest bound of 0.4 nm resolution.
Distinguishing shadows from surface boundaries using local achromatic cues
Authors: DiMattina Christopher , Burnham Josiah J. , Guner Betul N. , Yerxa Haley B.
Published: September 2022

In order to accurately parse the visual scene into distinct surfaces, it is essential to determine whether a local luminance edge is caused by a boundary between two surfaces or a shadow cast across a single surface. Previous studies have demonstrated that local chromatic cues may help to distinguish edges caused by shadows from those caused by surface boundaries, but the information potentially available in local achromatic cues like contrast, texture, and penumbral blur remains poorly understood. In this study, we develop and analyze a large database of hand-labeled achromatic shadow edges to better understand what image properties distinguish them from occlusion edges. We find that both the highest contrast as well as the lowest contrast edges are more likely to be occlusions than shadows, extending previous observations based on a more limited image set. We also find that contrast cues alone can reliably distinguish the two edge categories with nearly 70% accuracy at 40x40 resolution. Logistic regression on a Gabor Filter bank (GFB) modeling a population of V1 simple cells separates the categories with nearly 80% accuracy, and furthermore exhibits tuning to penumbral blur. A Filter-Rectify Filter (FRF) style neural network extending the GFB model performed at better than 80% accuracy, and exhibited blur tuning and greater sensitivity to texture differences. We compare human performance on our edge classification task to that of the FRF and GFB models, finding the best human observers attaining the same performance as the machine classifiers. Several analyses demonstrate both classifiers exhibit significant positive correlation with human behavior, although we find a slightly better agreement on an image-by-image basis between human performance and the FRF model than the GFB model, suggesting an important role for texture.
Systematic review of food insecurity and violence against women and girls: Mixed methods findings from low- and middle-income settings
Authors: Hatcher Abigail M. , Page Sabrina , Aletta van Eck Lele , Pearson Isabelle , Fielding-Miller Rebecca , Mazars Celine , Stöckl Heidi
Published: September 2022

Violence against women and girls (VAWG) is a global human rights and public health concern. Food insecurity is a sign of severe poverty, and likely to heighten women’s vulnerability to VAWG and men’s perpetration of it. However, the extent of the association and the multiple pathways between food insecurity and VAWG are not well understood. We systematically assessed peer reviewed quantitative and qualitative literature to explore this in low- and middle-income countries. Fixed effects meta-analysis was used to synthesize quantitative evidence. Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis. From a search of 732 titles, we identified 23 quantitative and 19 qualitative or mixed-methods peer-reviewed manuscripts. In a meta-analysis of 21 cross-sectional studies with 20,378 participants, food insecurity was associated with doubled odds of reported VAWG (odds ratio [OR] = 2.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.82–3.10). This finding was consistent for both women’s experience or male perpetration of VAWG. Qualitative and mixed-methods papers offered insight that underlying conditions of inequitable gender norms, economic deprivation, and social isolation frame both food insecurity and VAWG. Food insecurity may trigger survival behaviors due to household stress and lack of meeting expected gender roles, which leads to VAWG. VAWG exposure may lead to food insecurity if women are more impoverished after leaving a violent household. Potential protective factors include financial stability, the involvement of men in VAWG programming, transformation of gender norms, and supporting women to develop new networks and social ties. Strong evidence exists for a relationship between food security and VAWG. Future funding should target causal directions and preventive options through longitudinal and interventional research. Strategies to ensure households have access to sufficient food and safe relationships are urgently needed to prevent VAWG.
Sequence characterization of eccDNA content in glyphosate sensitive and resistant Palmer amaranth from geographically distant populations
Authors: Spier Camposano Hailey , Molin William T. , Saski Christopher A.
Published: September 2022

The discovery of non-chromosomal circular DNA offers new directions in linking genome structure with function in plant biology. Glyphosate resistance through EPSPS gene copy amplification in Palmer amaranth was due to an autonomously replicating extra-chromosomal circular DNA mechanism (eccDNA). CIDER-Seq analysis of geographically distant glyphosate sensitive (GS) and resistant (GR) Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) revealed the presence of numerous small extra-chromosomal circular DNAs varying in size and with degrees of repetitive content, coding sequence, and motifs associated with autonomous replication. In GS biotypes, only a small portion of these aligned to the 399 kb eccDNA replicon, the vehicle underlying gene amplification and genetic resistance to the herbicide glyphosate. The aligned eccDNAs from GS were separated from one another by large gaps in sequence. In GR biotypes, the eccDNAs were present in both abundance and diversity to assemble into a nearly complete eccDNA replicon. Mean sizes of eccDNAs were similar in both biotypes and were around 5kb with larger eccDNAs near 25kb. Gene content for eccDNAs ranged from 0 to 3 with functions that include ribosomal proteins, transport, metabolism, and general stress response genetic elements. Repeat content among smaller eccDNAs indicate a potential for recombination into larger structures. Genomic hotspots were also identified in the Palmer amaranth genome with a disposition for gene focal amplifications as eccDNA. The presence of eccDNA may serve as a reservoir of genetic heterogeneity in this species and may be functionally important for survival.
Epipalaeolithic animal tending to Neolithic herding at Abu Hureyra, Syria (12,800–7,800 calBP): Deciphering dung spherulites
Authors: Smith Alexia , Oechsner Amy , Rowley-Conwy Peter , Moore Andrew M. T.
Published: September 2022

Excavations at Abu Hureyra, Syria, during the 1970s exposed a long sequence of occupation spanning the transition from hunting-and-gathering to agriculture. Dung spherulites preserved within curated flotation samples from Epipalaeolithic (ca. 13,300–11,400 calBP) and Neolithic (ca. 10,600–7,800 calBP) occupations are examined here alongside archaeological, archaeobotanical, and zooarchaeological data to consider animal management, fuel selection, and various uses of dung. Spherulites were present throughout the entire sequence in varying concentrations. Using a new method to quantify spherulites, exclusion criteria were developed to eliminate samples possibly contaminated with modern dung, strengthening observations of ancient human behavior. Darkened spherulites within an Epipalaeolithic 1B firepit (12,800–12,300 calBP) indicate burning between 500–700°C, documenting early use of dung fuel by hunter-gatherers as a supplement to wood, coeval with a dramatic shift to rectilinear architecture, increasing proportions of wild sheep and aurochsen, reduced emphasis on small game, and elevated dung concentrations immediately outside the 1B dwelling. Combined, these observations suggest that small numbers of live animals (possibly wild sheep) were tended on-site by Epipalaeolithic hunter-gatherers to supplement gazelle hunting, raising the question of whether early experiments in animal management emerged contemporaneously with, or pre-date, cultivation. Dung was used to prepare plaster floors during the Neolithic and continued to be burned as a supplemental fuel, indicating that spherulites were deposited via multiple human- and animal-related pathways. This has important implications for interpretations of archaeobotanical assemblages across the region. Spherulite concentrations dropped abruptly during Neolithic 2B (9,300–8,000 calBP) and 2C (8,000–7,800 calBP), when sheep/goat herding surpassed gazelle hunting, possibly corresponding with movement of animals away from the site as herd sizes increased. As hunter-gatherers at Abu Hureyra began interacting with wild taxa in different ways, they set in motion a remarkable transformation in the ways people interacted with animals, plants, and their environment.
Seeing and looking: Evidence for developmental and stimulus-dependent changes in infant scanning efficiency
Authors: Ross-Sheehy Shannon , Eschman Bret , Reynolds Esther E.
Published: September 2022

Though previous work has examined infant attention across a variety of tasks, less is known about the individual saccades and fixations that make up each bout of attention, and how individual differences in saccade and fixation patterns (i.e., scanning efficiency) change with development, scene content and perceptual load. To address this, infants between the ages of 5 and 11 months were assessed longitudinally (Experiment 1) and cross-sectionally (Experiment 2). Scanning efficiency (fixation duration, saccade rate, saccade amplitude, and saccade velocity) was assessed while infants viewed six quasi-naturalistic scenes that varied in content (social or non-social) and scene complexity (3, 6 or 9 people/objects). Results from Experiment 1 revealed moderate to strong stability of individual differences in saccade rate, mean fixation duration, and saccade amplitude, and both experiments revealed 5-month-old infants to make larger, faster, and more frequent saccades than older infants. Scanning efficiency was assessed as the relation between fixation duration and saccade amplitude, and results revealed 11-month-olds to have high scanning efficiency across all scenes. However, scanning efficiency also varied with scene content, such that all infants showing higher scanning efficiency when viewing social scenes, and more complex scenes. These results suggest both developmental and stimulus-dependent changes in scanning efficiency, and further highlight the use of saccade and fixation metrics as a sensitive indicator of cognitive processing.
Longitudinal study of the immune response and memory following natural bovine respiratory syncytial virus infections in cattle of different age
Authors: Hägglund Sara , Näslund Katarina , Svensson Anna , Lefverman Cecilia , Enül Hakan , Pascal Leonore , Siltenius Jari , Holzhauer Menno , Delabouglise Alexis , Österberg Julia , Alvåsen Karin , Olsson Ulf , Eléouët Jean-François , Riffault Sabine , Taylor Geraldine , Rodriguez María Jose , Garcia Duran Marga , Valarcher Jean François
Published: September 2022

Human and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV and BRSV) are closely genetically related and cause respiratory disease in their respective host. Whereas HRSV vaccines are still under development, a multitude of BRSV vaccines are used to reduce clinical signs. To enable the design of vaccination protocols to entirely stop virus circulation, we aimed to investigate the duration, character and efficacy of the immune responses induced by natural infections. The systemic humoral immunity was monitored every two months during two years in 33 dairy cattle in different age cohorts following a natural BRSV outbreak, and again in selected individuals before and after a second outbreak, four years later. Local humoral and systemic cellular responses were also monitored, although less extensively. Based on clinical observations and economic losses linked to decreased milk production, the outbreaks were classified as moderate. Following the first outbreak, most but not all animals developed neutralising antibody responses, BRSV-specific IgG1, IgG2 and HRSV F- and HRSV N-reactive responses that lasted at least two years, and in some cases at least four years. In contrast, no systemic T cell responses were detected and only weak IgA responses were detected in some animals. Seronegative sentinels remained negative, inferring that no new infections occurred between the outbreaks. During the second outbreak, reinfections with clinical signs and virus shedding occurred, but the signs were milder, and the virus shedding was significantly lower than in naïve animals. Whereas the primary infection induced similar antibody titres against the prefusion and the post fusion form of the BRSV F protein, memory responses were significantly stronger against prefusion F. In conclusion, even if natural infections induce a long-lasting immunity, it would probably be necessary to boost memory responses between outbreaks, to stop the circulation of the virus and limit the potential role of previously infected adult cattle in the chain of BRSV transmission.
Knockout of Trpa1 accelerates age-related cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction
Authors: Ma Shuangtao , Wang Donna H.
Published: September 2022

Age-related cardiac fibrosis contributes to the development of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction which lacks ideal treatment. Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is an oxidative stress sensor and could attenuate age-related pathologies in invertebrates. The present study aimed to test whether TRPA1 plays a role in age-related cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. The cardiac function and pathology of 12-week-old (young) and 52-week-old (older) Trpa1-/- mice and wild-type (WT) littermates were evaluated by echocardiography and histologic analyses. The expression levels of 84 fibrosis-related genes in the heart were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction array. Young Trpa1-/- and WT mice had similar left ventricular wall thickness, volume, and systolic and diastolic function. Older Trpa1-/- mice had significantly increased left ventricular internal diameter and volume and impaired systolic (lower left ventricular ejection fraction) and diastolic (higher E/A ratio and isovolumetric relaxation time) functions compared with older WT mice (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Importantly, older Trpa1-/- mice had enhanced cardiac fibrosis than older WT mice (P<0.05) while the two strains had similar degree of cardiac hypertrophy. Among the 84 fibrosis-related genes, Acta2, Inhbe, Ifng, and Ccl11 were significantly upregulated, while Timp3, Stat6, and Ilk were significantly downregulated in the heart of older Trpa1-/- mice compared with older WT mice. Taken together, we found that knocking out Trpa1 accelerated age-related myocardial fibrosis, ventricular dilation, and cardiac dysfunction. These findings suggest that TRPA1 may become a therapeutic target for preventing and/or treating cardiac fibrosis and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in the elderly.
Comparing acute effects of extra virgin coconut oil and extra virgin olive oil consumption on appetite and food intake in normal-weight and obese male subjects
Authors: Metin Ziya Erokay , Bilgic Pelin , Tengilimoğlu Metin Mercan Merve , Akkoca Muzaffer
Published: September 2022

Objectives

The aim of this study is to compare acute effects of consuming extra virgin coconut oil (EVCO) as a source of medium chain fatty acids and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) as a source of long chain fatty acids in normal weight and obese subjects.

Design

Randomised, crossover design.

Participants

Metabolically healthy twenty male subjects (10 normal weight; 10 obese) aged 19–40 years.

Intervention

Subjects consumed breakfast meals containing skimmed milk, fat-free white cheese, bread and EVCO (25 g) or EVOO (25 g).

Outcome measures

Visual analog scale evaluations, resting metabolic rate measurements and selected blood parameters analysis (glucose, triglyceride, insulin and plasma peptide YY) were performed before and after the test breakfast meals. In addition, energy intakes were evaluated by ad libitum lunch meal at 180 min.

Results

Visual analogue scale values of hunger and desire to eat decreased significantly after EVCO consumption than EVOO consumption in normal weight subjects at 180 min. There was an increase trend in plasma PYY at 30 and 180 min after EVCO breakfast compared to EVOO breakfast. Ad libitum energy intakes after EVCO and EVOO consumption in normal weight subjects were 924 ± 302; 845 ± 158 kcal (p = 0.272), respectively whereas in obese subjects were 859 ± 238; 994 ± 265 kcal (p = 0.069) respectively.

Conclusion

The results of this study shows that consumption of EVCO compared to EVOO may have suppressive effect on hunger and desire to eat, may affect postprandial PYY levels differently and have no effect on postprandial energy expenditure.

Trial registration

Clinical Trials NCT04738929.
Transformative learning of medical trainees during the COVID-19 pandemic: A mixed methods study
Authors: Vipler Benjamin , Snyder Bethany , McCall-Hosenfeld Jennifer , Haidet Paul , Peyrot Mark , Stuckey Heather
Published: September 2022

Background

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a transformative effect on individuals across the world, including those in healthcare. Transformative learning is an educational theory in which an individual’s worldview is fundamentally altered through conscious reflection (Cognitive Rational), insights (Extrarational), or social reform (Social Critique). We utilized transformative learning theory to characterize the experiences of medical trainees during the pandemic.

Methods

We used the Transformative Learning Survey in September and October 2020 to evaluate the processes and outcomes of transformative learning in health professions students and housestaff at an academic medical center during the pandemic. We analyzed survey scores for three process domains and four outcome subdomains. We inductively coded the survey’s two open-ended questions and performed qualitative and mixed-methods analyses.

Results

The most prominent TL outcome was Self-Awareness, Acting Differently was intermediate, and Openness and Worldview Shifts were lowest. Cognitive Rational and Social Critique processes were more prominent than Extrarational processes. Students were more likely than housestaff to undergo transformative learning through the Social Critique process (p = 0.025), in particular the sub-processes of Social Action (p = 0.023) and Ideology Critique (p = 0.010). Qualitative analysis via the aggregation of codes identified four responses to the pandemic: negative change, positive change, existential change, or no change. Negative changes (67.7%) were most common, with students reporting more of these changes than housestaff (74.8% vs 53.6%; p < 0.01). Only 8.4% of reported changes could be defined as transformative

Conclusions

Through the theoretical lens of transformative learning, our study provides insight into the lives of learners during the pandemic. Our finding that medical students were more likely to use Social Critique processes has multiple parallels in the literature. If leaders in academic medicine desire to create enlightened change agents through transformative learning, such education must continue throughout graduate medical education and beyond.
Associations of four indexes of social determinants of health and two community typologies with new onset type 2 diabetes across a diverse geography in Pennsylvania
Authors: Schwartz Brian S. , Kolak Marynia , Pollak Jonathan S. , Poulsen Melissa N. , Bandeen-Roche Karen , Moon Katherine A. , DeWalle Joseph , Siegel Karen R. , Mercado Carla I. , Imperatore Giuseppina , Hirsch Annemarie G.
Published: September 2022

Evaluation of geographic disparities in type 2 diabetes (T2D) onset requires multidimensional approaches at a relevant spatial scale to characterize community types and features that could influence this health outcome. Using Geisinger electronic health records (2008–2016), we conducted a nested case-control study of new onset T2D in a 37-county area of Pennsylvania. The study included 15,888 incident T2D cases and 79,435 controls without diabetes, frequency-matched 1:5 on age, sex, and year of diagnosis or encounter. We characterized patients’ residential census tracts by four dimensions of social determinants of health (SDOH) and into a 7-category SDOH census tract typology previously generated for the entire United States by dimension reduction techniques. Finally, because the SDOH census tract typology classified 83% of the study region’s census tracts into two heterogeneous categories, termed rural affordable-like and suburban affluent-like, to further delineate geographies relevant to T2D, we subdivided these two typology categories by administrative community types (U.S. Census Bureau minor civil divisions of township, borough, city). We used generalized estimating equations to examine associations of 1) four SDOH indexes, 2) SDOH census tract typology, and 3) modified typology, with odds of new onset T2D, controlling for individual-level confounding variables. Two SDOH dimensions, higher socioeconomic advantage and higher mobility (tracts with fewer seniors and disabled adults) were independently associated with lower odds of T2D. Compared to rural affordable-like as the reference group, residence in tracts categorized as extreme poverty (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.11 [1.02, 1.21]) or multilingual working (1.07 [1.03, 1.23]) were associated with higher odds of new onset T2D. Suburban affluent-like was associated with lower odds of T2D (0.92 [0.87, 0.97]). With the modified typology, the strongest association (1.37 [1.15, 1.63]) was observed in cities in the suburban affluent-like category (vs. rural affordable-like–township), followed by cities in the rural affordable-like category (1.20 [1.05, 1.36]). We conclude that in evaluating geographic disparities in T2D onset, it is beneficial to conduct simultaneous evaluation of SDOH in multiple dimensions. Associations with the modified typology showed the importance of incorporating governmentally, behaviorally, and experientially relevant community definitions when evaluating geographic health disparities.
Effect of lateral wedge-shaped orthopedic insole on patients with genu varus: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Deng Zhongyi , Yang Xinwei , Li Xiaochuan , Xue Xiali , Luo Huiqiang , Wu Gaitian , Zeng Luyuan , Qi Yun , Li Ning
Published: September 2022

Background

Genu varus (GV) is a common deformity characterized by leg bending, which seriously threatens human health. At present, there is no definite conclusion to explain the cause of genu varus. The purpose of this study is to systematically review and meta-analysis the effectiveness and scientific basis of the clinical efficacy of customized orthopedic insoles on genu varus and hope to provide a reference for future research in this field.

Methods

The following electronic databases will be searched from inception to January 2022: Pubmed, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Weipu, Wanfang Data, and CNKI. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were collected to examine the effect of lateral wedge-shaped orthopedic insole on patients with genu varus. We will consider inclusion, select high-quality articles for data extraction and analysis, and summarize the intervention effect of lateral wedge orthotic insoles on patients with genu varus. Two reviewers will screen titles, abstracts, and full texts independently according to inclusion criteria; Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed in the included studies. We will use a hierarchy of recommended assessment, development, and assessment methods to assess the overall certainty of the evidence and report findings accordingly. Endnote X8 will be applied in selecting the study, Review Manager 5.3 will be applied in analyzing and synthesizing.

Results

The results will provide evidence for judging the effect of lateral wedge-shaped orthopedic insole on patients with genu varus.

Conclusion

Our study will provide reliable evidence for the effect of lateral wedge-shaped orthopedic insole on patients with genu varus.

Trail registration

INPLASY registration number: INPLASY202190002 https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-d&q=INPLASY202190002.
Comprehensive analysis of the GALACTINOL SYNTHASE (GolS) gene family in citrus and the function of CsGolS6 in stress tolerance
Authors: Martins Cristina P. S. , Fernandes Denise , Guimarães Valéria M. , Du Dongliang , Silva Delmira C. , Almeida Alex-Alan F. , Gmitter Frederick G. , Otoni Wagner C. , Costa Marcio G. C.
Published: September 2022

Galactinol synthase (GolS) catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in the synthesis of raffinose family of oligosaccharides (RFOs), which serve as storage and transport sugars, signal transducers, compatible solutes and antioxidants in higher plants. The present work aimed to assess the potential functions of citrus GolS in mechanisms of stress response and tolerance. By homology searches, eight GolS genes were found in the genomes of Citrus sinensis and C. clementina. Phylogenetic analysis showed that there is a GolS ortholog in C. clementina for each C. sinensis GolS, which have evolved differently from those of Arabidopsis thaliana. Transcriptional analysis indicated that most C. sinensis GolS (CsGolS) genes show a low-level tissue-specific and stress-inducible expression in response to drought and salt stress treatments, as well as to ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ infection. CsGolS6 overexpression resulted in improved tobacco tolerance to drought and salt stresses, contributing to an increased mesophyll cell expansion, photosynthesis and plant growth. Primary metabolite profiling revealed no significant changes in endogenous galactinol, but different extents of reduction of raffinose in the transgenic plants. On the other hand, a significant increase in the levels of metabolites with antioxidant properties, such as ascorbate, dehydroascorbate, alfa-tocopherol and spermidine, was observed in the transgenic plants. These results bring evidence that CsGolS6 is a potential candidate for improving stress tolerance in citrus and other plants.
High visibility colored fabrics for normal trichromats and individuals with color vision defects in a sunset-simulated environment
Authors: Iizuka Tatsuya , Kawamorita Takushi , Tsuji Hajime , Kanai Hiroyuki , Hirai Toshihiro , Suzuki Hiroo , Handa Tomoya , Ishikawa Hitoshi
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to investigate the visibility of colors in congenitally color vision defect people using general and fluorescent colors in an environment simulating sunset to examine the standards for high-visibility safety clothing for general users. Twenty participants with normal trichromats, seven protanopes, and five deuteranopes were included, with mean ages (± standard deviation) of 21.0±1.0, 46,7±16.1, and 56.6±6.9 years, respectively. Dyed fabrics were used to evaluate visibility. We evaluated brightness and conspicuousness sensitivity by combining red, yellow-red, yellow, green, red-purple, blue, white, black, fluorescent yellow, and fluorescent orange. For brightness sensitivity, the combination of fluorescent yellow and white/yellow stripes was highly visible and significantly different from all other samples (p < 0.05). For conspicuousness sensitivity, the combinations of black/fluorescent yellow, black/yellow, black/white, black/yellow-red, and white/red-purple stripes were highly visible and significantly different from all the other samples (p < 0.05). Yellow light is most visible and even better when fluorescent. They are based on specific spectral sensitivity, and yellow is the most visible, even for congenitally colorblind individuals. Furthermore, with regard to color combinations, it was found that the contrast between two distinct light or dark colors, such as black, yellow, black, and white, is perceived to be equally noticeable by congenital color vision defect individuals. This suggests the possible further applications of safety clothing.
GAPDH mediates drug resistance and metabolism in Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites
Authors: Jezewski Andrew J. , Guggisberg Ann M. , Hodge Dana M. , Ghebremichael Naomi , John Gavin Nicholas , McLellan Lisa K. , Odom John Audrey Ragan
Published: September 2022

Efforts to control the global malaria health crisis are undermined by antimalarial resistance. Identifying mechanisms of resistance will uncover the underlying biology of the Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites that allow evasion of our most promising therapeutics and may reveal new drug targets. We utilized fosmidomycin (FSM) as a chemical inhibitor of plastidial isoprenoid biosynthesis through the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway. We have thus identified an unusual metabolic regulation scheme in the malaria parasite through the essential glycolytic enzyme, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Two parallel genetic screens converged on independent but functionally analogous resistance alleles in GAPDH. Metabolic profiling of FSM-resistant gapdh mutant parasites indicates that neither of these mutations disrupt overall glycolytic output. While FSM-resistant GAPDH variant proteins are catalytically active, they have reduced assembly into the homotetrameric state favored by wild-type GAPDH. Disrupted oligomerization of FSM-resistant GAPDH variant proteins is accompanied by altered enzymatic cooperativity and reduced susceptibility to inhibition by free heme. Together, our data identifies a new genetic biomarker of FSM-resistance and reveals the central role of GAPDH in MEP pathway control and antimalarial sensitivity.
Tecnologías (escritas) del yo
Authors: Díez Gómez Alberto
Published: September 2022

El propósito de este artículo es realizar un acercamiento al género literario de la confesión, que desde algunos lugares de la tradición filosófica occidental se ha propuesto como una forma de pensamiento no sistemático y como una escritura de experiencia subjetiva. Revisaremos algunas de las nociones que la reflexión filosófica ha dejado para este género en relación con el sujeto ―principalmente de la mano de María Zambrano (1904-1991)―; y el reconocimiento de la confesión escrita como tecnología del yo en el pensamiento de Michel Foucault (1926-1984). El objetivo es que, en cuanto a tecnología del yo, la escritura confesional pueda aportar un marco teórico-práctico en el que el arte o la actitud artística ―y eso que tan particularmente llamamos escritura en arte, como parte de las prácticas de las artes plásticas y visuales― pueda reconocerse como trabajo subjetivo y de the self que es.
Eremu ez konbentzionaletan buruturiko praktika eszenikoa idazkera dramatikoa oinarritzat hartuta
Authors: Urretabizkaia Zabaleta Itziar
Published: September 2022

Idazkera dramatikoa eta eremu ez konbentzionaletan aurrera eramandako praktika eszenikoa batzen dituen proiektu profesional ezberdinak biltzen dira hemen. Hauetako batzuk Donostia / San Sebastian 2016 Europako Kultur Hiriburua programaren babesean egindako egitasmo ezberdinen barruan eginikoak dira. Besteak, Dbus Donostiako Tranbia Konpainiak eskatutakoak izan dira. Guztiek helburu bera dute amankomunean: momentu eta leku horretan dagoen ikuslegoari informazio jakin bat ematea.
Documentar la experiencia cultural
Authors: Gómez-Urda Félix
Published: September 2022

Comprender la experiencia cultural de la comunidad que se estudia es uno de los objetivos fundacionales de la investigación social. La descripción de tal experiencia puede tomar diferentes formas narrativas dentro de la etnografía. Es el caso de la autoetnografía, narrativa para la investigación cualitativa donde el investigador, como participante activo, documenta y analiza su propia experiencia personal en relación con el sujeto o la comunidad estudiados. Este enfoque refleja la subjetividad y la sensibilidad del investigador en su respuesta al tema y ofrece una explicación clara del compromiso político que adquiere. El artículo sitúa teóricamente a la autoetnografía y la propone como técnica de escritura para cuestionar la posición del investigador en dos proyectos de investigación-creación en artes escénicas: 'Todas las santas' (2021) y 'Transmigrarts' (2022). Ambos se realizaron de manera presencial, en plena pandemia, en las ciudades españolas de Madrid y Granada, respectivamente. En el texto el autor explora las tensiones encarnadas y existenciales que surgieron en ambas experiencias, desde su posición ambivalente como investigador-dramaturgo, a la hora de crear e incitar al juego, pero también al observar y analizar lo que allí sucedió.
Redes que crean arte
Authors: Robles Mateo Elena
Published: September 2022

Con la aparición de las comunidades virtuales en Internet se dieron lugar espacios de comunicación remota, así como la generación de contenido teórico sobre arte digital. Este artículo presenta los primeros espacios virtuales formados por artistas digitales en Estados Unidos de América y en Europa a lo largo de los años 80 y 90. El trabajo se basa en el concepto de red como arte, redes que crean arte, profundizando en la relevancia del contenido generado en estos canales de comunicación para la historia del arte. A través de métodos de arqueología de los medios, se estudia el contexto en el cual surgieron estas plataformas digitales de comunicación y la forma en la que los participantes generaron contenido de archivo artístico e histórico a través de conversaciones privadas de email, debates en foros, conferencias y exposiciones virtuales.
'CEL', conversaciones en cursiva
Authors: Barriere Figueroa Lali , Agustí Camí Eugènia , Pastó Aguilà Cristina
Published: September 2022

'CEL' (2022) es una conversación a tres bandas que se plasma en el trazado de tres curvas que transcurren entrelazándose. Transita entre la escritura del código en lenguaje de programación que genera la imagen y la escritura manual. Cuestiona, con la ayuda de Vera Molnar y Mirtha Dermisache, el soporte página, el contenedor tipográfico y la legibilidad de la escritura.
Argumentos ad hominem y epistemología de las virtudes: Cómo atacar a la persona sin cometer una falla lógica o moral en el intento
Authors: Rivera-Novoa Angel
Published: September 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es  ofrecer una explicación de la legitimidad de ciertos argumentos ad hominem acudiendo a la epistemología de las virtudes. La tesis central es que hay argumentos ad hominem que son aceptables si se conciben como argumentos inductivos cuya fuerza está determinada por una apelación justa a los vicios epistémicos del interlocutor. Se argumenta que algunos argumentos ad hominem abusivos son aceptables si descansan en un señalamiento justo de la carencia de virtudes epistémicas confiabilistas por parte del interlocutor. Así mismo, algunos argumentos ad hominem circunstanciales serían aceptables si descansan en un señalamiento justo de la carencia de virtudes responabilistas por parte del interlocutor. El artículo también expone cómo otros intentos de reivindicación de los argumentos ad hominem adolecen de algunos problemas.
Relatív hatékonysági eredmények empirikus érzékenységvizsgálata az államigazgatásban = Empirical sensitivity analysis of relative efficiency scores in public administration
Authors: Tamás Alexandra , Koltai Tamás
Published: September 2022

Az államigazgatás feladatellátásának teljesítménymérése és a hatékonyság növelése a közszféra szervezeteinek működtetésében fontos feladatként jelenik meg. Jelen cikk a szervezeti működés sajátosságainak figyelembevételét biztosító, komplex hatékonyságelemzésre lehetőséget adó relatív hatékonyságvizsgálat (DEA) módszerét ismerteti a Magyar Államkincstár (MÁK) illetményszámfejtési tevékenységét ellátó megyei igazgatóságainak példáján keresztül. A hatékonyságelemzés során a MÁK megyei igazgatóságainak munkaerő és számfejtett tételszámadatait felhasználva történik a szervezeti egységek relatív hatékonyságának meghatározása egy inputorientált állandó skálahatékonyságú radiális DEA-modell segítségével. A hatékonyságvizsgálati eredmények helytállóságának és az alkalmazott modell robusztusságának elemzése empirikus érzékenységvizsgálat segítségével történik. A tanulmány célja, a MÁK vezetői számára megfogalmazott javaslatok bemutatásán túl annak illusztrálása, hogy miként alkalmazható a relatív hatékonyságvizsgálat államigazgatási feladatok hatékonyságvizsgálatára. A bemutatott empirikus érzékenységvizsgálat pedig a paraméterek robusztusságával kapcsolatos kutatások egy lehetséges irányára világít rá.
Consumo de leche entera de vaca y pérdida de masa grasa en pacientes ambulatorios con obesidad o sobrepeso en el estado de México
Authors: Merchant Careaga Daniela , Guerrero Ligia Stella
Published: September 2022

Introducción: La grasa es uno de los macronutrientes de la leche entera de vaca (LEV) más controversiales por su papel en el desarrollo de la obesidad y sobrepeso. Sin embargo, existe suficiente evidencia que contradice que la leche entera de vaca tenga responsabilidad en el desarrollo de obesidad o sobrepeso. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de LEV dentro de una intervención dietética para la pérdida de masa grasa en adultos con obesidad o sobrepeso.
Metodología: Estudio semi experimental, no aleatorio, con diseño paralelo de 40 pacientes a quienes se les prescribió el mismo esquema de dietoterapia, diferenciado por el tipo de leche que habitualmente consumían; 10 por cada tipo de leche: entera (LE), semidescremada (LS), descremada (LD), sin leche (SL). Cada sujeto fue evaluado durante tres meses. Se comparó la pérdida de kilos de grasa entre los 4 grupos.
Resultados: La probabilidad de perder 4 kg de grasa para LE fue 20 veces mayor que para SL (OR = 21), cinco veces mayor que para LD (OR = 6), y ocho veces mayor que para LS (OR = 9). No se encontraron diferencias significativas al comparar la actividad física basal y final (p = 0.197).
Conclusiones: Este estudio arrojó evidencia de que las personas que consumen LE registran mayor pérdida de grasa que quienes consumen otro tipo de leche o que no consumen leche, independientemente de la actividad física.
CIRCULATING BILE ACIDS AND ADENOMA RECURRENCE IN THE CONTEXT OF ADHERENCE TO A HIGH-FIBER, HIGH-FRUIT AND -VEGETABLE, AND LOW-FAT DIETARY INTERVENTION
Authors: Byrd Doratha A. , Gomez Maria , Hogue Stephanie , Murphy Gwen , Sampson Joshua N. , Vogtmann Emily , Albert Paul , Freedman Neal D. , Sinha Rashmi , Loftfield Erikka
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND:

Diet may affect bile acid (BA) metabolism and signaling. In turn, BA concentrations may be associated with cancer risk. We investigated 1) associations of BA concentrations with adenoma recurrence; and 2) the effect of a high-fiber, high-fruit and -vegetable, low-fat dietary intervention on serum BA concentrations.

METHODS:

The Polyp Prevention Trial is a 4-year randomized, controlled trial that investigated the effect of a high-fiber, high-fruit and vegetable, and low-fat diet on colorectal adenoma recurrence. Among 170 participants who reported adhering to the intervention and 198 comparable control arm participants, we measured 15 BAs in baseline, year-2, and year-3 serum using targeted, quantitative liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. We estimated associations of BAs with adenoma recurrence using multivariable logistic regression and the effect of the dietary intervention on BA concentrations using repeated-measures linear mixed-effects models. In a subset (N=65), we investigated associations of BAs with 16S rRNA gene sequenced rectal tissue microbiome characteristics.

RESULTS:

Baseline total BA concentrations were positively associated with adenoma recurrence (Odds ratioQ3 vs. Q1=2.17; 95% confidence interval=1.19-4.04; P

trend
=0.03). Though we found no effect of the diet intervention on BA concentrations, pre-trial dietary fiber intake was inversely associated with total baseline BAs (Spearman=-0.15; P

FDR
=0.02). BA concentrations were associated with potential colorectal neoplasm-related microbiome features (lower alpha diversity and higher Bacteroides abundance). CONCLUSIONS: Baseline circulating BAs were positively associated with adenoma recurrence. Though the dietary intervention did not modify BA concentrations, long-term fiber intake may be associated with lower concentrations of BAs that are associated with higher risk of adenoma recurrence.
Estudo em tempo aparente e em tempo real do uso do sujeito nulo na fala de Belo Horizonte
Authors: Cabana Nasle Maria
Published: September 2022

Neste artigo, analisa-se o comportamento do sujeito pronominal lexical e sujeito pronominal nulo no português falado em Belo Horizonte/MG, utilizando dois corpora constituídos de falas obtidas por meio de entrevistas sociolingÃ¼ísticas realizadas na década de 1980 e ano de 2004 e considerado o grupo de fatores idade. Os dados foram submetidos à análise quantitativa e análise qualitativa, tendo-se em vista a evidência de Tempo Aparente e a realização de uma abordagem em Tempo Real de curta duração cf. LABOV: 1972,1994. De acordo com os resultados encontrados, o uso do sujeito pronominal nulo mostra-se sensível ao grupo de fatores idade e constitui evidência de mudança em progresso na direção de seu uso.
Considerações sobre a Análise Crítica do Discurso no ensino de Português Língua Estrangeira
Authors: Silva Sérgio Sérgio Duarte Julião da
Published: September 2022

Uma análise do material de ensino de Português-Língua Estrangeira (PLE) ora existente no mercado revelará que as situações de conversação a que são expostos os alunos prendem-se, em sua maioria, paradoxalmente apenas à sintaxe do português culto escrito. Tal modalidade da língua acaba por distanciar-se do português oral utilizado pelos brasileiros em sua prática cotidiana. A sintaxe do português falado, essencial para a comunicação, é pouco explorada no material didático de PLE. Levando-se em conta a proposta da Análise Crítica do Discurso de estudar a linguagem como prática social e, para tal, considerar o papel crucial do contexto, a relação entre linguagem e poder e respectivas marcas ideológicas, investigamos até que ponto isso poderia ser útil nos materiais de PLE, haja vista o forte viés intercultural naturalmente presente no ensino de língua estrangeira.
Dos chamados verbos "reflexivos e pronominais"
Authors: Marçalo Maria João
Published: September 2022

A conjugação dita reflexiva, a que alguns autores chamam Voz Reflexa, terá a sua origem, como se sabe, na voz média presente na língua grega. Defendemos que existe um tipo de verbos comummente confundido no seio dos chamados verbos reflexos e pronominais. Trata-se, como demonstraremos, de verbos sintemáticos. Falaremos de sintema verbal em -se ( VSE ) para designar todos os sintemas verbais cuja constituição implica a presença de um segmento de aparência pronominal, átono, cuja forma /me, te, se, nos, vos/, é variável de acordo com o monema de pessoa que preencha F1. Ou seja, não há, na verdade, uma escolha da forma se integrante do sintema verbal independentemente da pessoa do functivo que assume o espaço sintáctico F1.