bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential Pathways from Child Maltreatment Types to Insecure Adult Attachment Styles via Psychological and Social Resources: A Bayesian Network Analysis
Authors: Höltge Jan , Rohner Shauna L. , Heim Eva M. , Nater Urs , Thoma Myriam V.
Published: December 2022

Child maltreatment has been linked to insecure adult attachment. However, it is not yet clear how different child maltreatment types are associated with attachment-related anxiety and avoidance in adulthood; and whether resilience against these insecure attachment styles is dependent on risk-specific resources. Therefore, this study explored differential pathways from child maltreatment types to attachment-related anxiety and avoidance in adulthood and examined whether psychological resources (self-esteem) and social resources (perceived social support) show risk-specific effects. An online survey retrospectively assessed experiences of child maltreatment, the level of attachment-related anxiety and avoidance in adulthood, self-esteem, and perceived social support in N = 604 former members of fundamentalist Christian faith communities (mean age = 41.27 years, SD = 12.50; 65.90% female). Cross-sectional data was analyzed using Bayesian network analysis. Only emotional child maltreatment showed direct relationships to insecure adult attachment. Specifically, emotional abuse and emotional neglect were associated with anxious and avoidant adult attachment, respectively. The effects of other child abuse types on adult attachment were mediated through emotional abuse, which indicated patterns of complex traumatization. Self-esteem mediated the effect of emotional abuse on anxious attachment, while perceived social support mediated the effect of emotional neglect on avoidant attachment. Social support was also linked to self-esteem and was therefore also important for individuals with experiences of emotional abuse. This study showed that child maltreatment types and their interactions are meaningfully linked to attachment-related anxiety and avoidance in adulthood. Interventions for survivors of child maltreatment should focus on risk-specific resources to support their resilience.
Shame and Self-Compassion Connect Childhood Experience of Adversity With Harm Inflicted on the Self and Others
Authors: Garbutt Kerri , Rennoldson Mike , Gregson Mick
Published: December 2022

Self-harm, suicide, and harm inflicted on others (e.g., victimization) remain key areas of public concern. Past research has explored the link between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and later self-harming and offending behaviors. However, research has not fully explored the interplay between ACEs and modifiable psychological factors, such as shame and self-compassion, that could be targeted to reduce the risk of harm and increase resilience and capacity for post-traumatic growth. The present study explored the relationship between ACEs, harm, shame, and self-compassion. A total of 1,111 adults participated. Approximately 49% were female, 45% male, and 2% nonbinary. Just under a third of the sample were incarcerated. We adopted a cross-sectional survey design and included current and retrospective data. The relationship between the variables was analyzed using Pearson product-moment correlation, and structural equation modeling was applied to explore the potential psychological pathways of causation. The model predicted just under 50% of the harm to self (i.e., self-harm) variance and just over a third (35%) of the harm to others (i.e., psychological and physical aggression) variance. ACEs, shame, and self-compassion had varying roles in mediating the relationship between ACEs and harm. The study increases our understanding of modifiable causal pathways between ACEs and later harming behaviors. Additionally, it indicates the importance of understanding the different dimensions of shame when considering ways to reduce the potential long-term negative consequences of ACEs.
Mapping Individual, Relational, and Contextual Factors onto Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Resilience
Authors: Thomsen Kari N. , Howell Kathryn H. , Gilliam Hannah C. , Wamser-Nanney Rachel
Published: December 2022

Posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and resilience are two well-established outcomes following trauma exposure, but little work has examined the unique associations between these outcomes and factors across the social ecology. This theoretically grounded study assessed how individual, relational, and contextual social ecological factors relate to PTSS and resilience. Participants included 606 college students (18–25 years, Mage = 20.79, SD = 1.86; 82.51% Female; 56.60% White, 29.37% Black or African American, 5.78% Asian, 8.25% Other races) with exposure to at least one traumatic event. Two hierarchical linear regression models examined associations between individual (i.e., emotion dysregulation, anger severity), relational (i.e., family support, friend support), and contextual (i.e., community cohesion, community disorder) factors, and PTSS and resilience. At the individual level, higher emotion dysregulation was associated with higher PTSS and lower resilience; anger severity was not related to either outcome. At the relational level, more friend support was negatively associated with PTSS. Friend and family support were positively related to resilience. At the contextual level, community cohesion was positively associated with resilience, but not PTSS, and community disorder was unrelated to both outcomes. Findings demonstrate unique factors across the social ecology that differentially relate to PTSS and resilience. Variables at all three ecological levels were associated with resilience, whereas only individual and relational variables were related to PTSS. Replication with longitudinal data could inform treatments for trauma-exposed individuals that may mitigate PTSS and bolster resilience.
How Can One Assess the Level of Party Newness, Continuity, and Change? Some Examples from Poland
Authors: Kosowska-Gąstoł Beata , Sobolewska-Myślik Katarzyna
Published: December 2022

Even if political parties have new labels, they often can be perceived as a continuation of an earlier existing grouping. The main goal of this article is to discuss how to assess party novelty and congruence (similarity with a previously existing party) and, in particular, to present the framework for analysis of party continuity and newness. Some Polish political parties (Law and Justice [PiS], Civic Platform [PO], Confederation Liberty and Independence [K WiN]) are used to illustrate the approach. We aim to answer the question of whether they were genuinely new when they entered the parliament for the first time or whether they could be considered as a continuation of previously existing groupings in terms of ideological identity, candidates, leadership, and their political elites. The research also encompasses analyses of further party development in these areas to demonstrate that our framework can also be used to measure changes occurring within existing parties. We go beyond researching newness as a dichotomous variable, outline the areas in which party newness can be measured, define indicators of novelty and congruence, and operationalize them given the conditions in Central and East European countries. Then we measure the level of party newness in each of these areas, using ranges from being a genuinely new party to a perfect congruence with an earlier existing grouping.
Development of PP/EPDM thermoplastic elastomer by doped with 2-hydroxypropyl- 3-piperazinyl-quinoline carboxylic acid methacrylate based neusilin® for sanitary applications
Authors: Songprasob Suphitcha , Wimolmala Ekachai , Taptim Kulnida , Sombatsompop Narongrit
Published: December 2022

The effect of the addition of 2-Hydroxypropyl-3-Piperazinyl-Quinoline carboxylic acid Methacrylate (HPQM) in Neusilin® into thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPV) Polypropylene/ethylene propylene diene monomer (PP/EPDM) type on the mechanical and antibacterial properties were studied. Ethylene propylene diene monomer compounds were mixed with Zinc dimethacrylate (ZDMA), Dicumyl peroxide (DCP), and paraffin oil by a two-roll mill machine. Polypropylene and HPQM in Neusilin® were extruded by varies HPQM content 0, 1250, 2500, 3750 and 5000 ppm. Polypropylene added antibacterial agent and EPDM compounds were mixed by twin-screw extruded weight ratios of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, and 25:75 w/w with varied screw speeds of 60, 80, and 100 r/min. Polypropylene/Ethylene propylene diene monomer compounds were produced by compression moulding to form specimens. The mechanical properties were tested by tensile test and hardness test. It was found that screw speed did not affect the mechanical properties. Disk diffusion test and plate count agar (PCA) method were used for antibacterial properties. For both methods, the specimens contained an antibacterial agent against Escherichia coli ( E. coli ATCC 25922) and Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ATCC 25923). The result of the disk diffusion test suggests that the more HPQM in Neusilin® content, the more the inhibition radius of only E. Coli bacteria. Plate count agar method proceeded by varying the contact time at 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 h. Viable cell counts of E. coli decreased significantly at HPQM content 2500 ppm, while the viable cell count of S. aureus remained unchanged at 3750 ppm. Moreover, the rubber ingredients in EPDM, which are DCP and ZDMA, affect the release of antibacterial agents by hydrophobic characteristics and compatible conditions.
Comparative strength and stability analysis of conventional and lighter composite flexible risers in ultra-deep water subsea environment
Authors: Nammi Sathish K , Gupta Ranjeetkumar , Pancholi Ketan
Published: December 2022

The hybrid flexible risers have a multi-layered structure and use thermoplastic composite for the pressure and tensile armour. In contrast, a conventional flexible riser uses heavier carbon steel as armour which significantly contributes to its weight. For shallow-water applications, the conventional risers are widely used in offshore oil and gas industry due to their corrosion resistance properties and low transportation costs. However, the weight of conventional risers is a key limitation in ultra-deep-water applications. This shortcoming can be addressed by including a lightweight carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite as one of the individual layers. The use of CFRP reduces the effective tension at the hang off point which is a key limitation in extending the range of flexible risers. Here, the dynamic stability and functional load interactions of both risers (viz: a thermoplastic CFRP riser and a conventional flexible riser) at a water depth of 3000 m were studied. A global analysis was performed considering the onerous 1000-year hurricane wave with 100-year currents. The investigation considered ±150 m vessel offsets, three vessel headings (viz: 135, 180, 225°) and three vessel draughts (ballasted, empty, loaded). Additionally, a numerical model with a variable bending stiffness was used to capture the orthotropic material behaviour of a flexible riser. Results showed that the buoyancy requirement and effective tension were 2.1 times greater and 2% higher for the conventional riser compared to its composite counterpart. The most onerous case for a conventional riser was at zero offset whereas for its composite counterpart was at –150 m along the length of a riser. It was observed that the heavier masses of a conventional riser aid in aligning the weight vector with the upward direction of the buoyancy force. Contrarily, the composite risers undergo large displacements leading to misalignments and instability. Furthermore, the observed bending radius of the flexible riser was found to be within the allowable minimum bend radius at the hog bend location.
Challenges and future opportunities of nanoparticle applications to various biofuel generation processes – a review
Authors: Negi Prateek , Singh Yashvir , Yadav Avinash , Singh Nishant Kumar , Sharma Abhishek , Singh Rahul
Published: December 2022

Due to their non-polluting characteristics and cost-competitiveness compared to fossil fuels, biofuels are rapidly gaining traction as alternative sources of renewable energy. However, to accelerate their development, the attention is unstable on the deployment of technology that will enhance their production. Nanoparticles are attracting popularity among researchers due to their unique qualities, which allow them to be used in various industries, including agriculture, electronics, pharmaceuticals, and the food industry. To improve the performance of these bioprocesses, they are also being investigated in biofuels. This study critically evaluates the studies available in the literature that have investigated nanoparticles in biofuel production processes to improve process yields. It also assesses the impact of immobilized nanoparticles on biofuels like biodiesel and nanoparticles capability to conquer inhibitory chemicals under precise circumstances efficiently. A brief section on the parameters determining nanoparticle performance in biofuels production processes is presented. Our article aims to determine how nanoparticles play a significant role in the creation of various biofuels at each stage of the production process as well as the technical challenges that the researchers confront throughout the manufacturing processes. At last, the study accomplishes recommendations for developments and prospective future research into these nanoparticle based bioprocesses.
Flexural waves analysis and enhancement of bandgap properties of a periodic track structure
Authors: Iqbal Mohd , Kumar Anil
Published: December 2022

Periodic structures possess frequency bandgaps wherein the waves cannot pass through. Here, the propagation behaviour of vertical and lateral flexural waves and its control in a railway track supported on periodic sleeper blocks connected using fasteners is investigated. The dispersion relationships for two kinds of waves are derived through Floquet–Bloch theorem, and the ensuing band structures are validated from finite element (FE) models. The results demonstrate that a Bragg and a locally resonant (LR) bandgap evolve in the track for both types of waves in the examined frequency range. However, the bandwidth of these bandgaps is found to be very small. Thus, waves can freely propagate in the track for a large frequency range, causing vibration and noise. Subsequently, the dependence of transmission properties of waves on the number of unit cells is studied. It is observed that the attenuation in the bandgap is significantly improved on increasing the number of unit cells. Further, to tune the bandgap properties, a single-degree-of-freedom resonator (SDoF) is used in the middle of each unit cell of the track. Afterwards, the parametric influence of resonator properties, that is, mass, stiffness and damping, on bandgaps is investigated in depth. Moreover, the phenomenon of bandgaps coupling is demonstrated when the resonator is tuned near the Bragg bandgap. The results provided herein are promising to realize the characteristics of flexural waves and to design resonators for track structures.
2020 BASHH national clinical audit: Management of infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Authors: Phyu Khine , Curtis Hilary , Wallace Harriet , Goodall Lisa , Apea Vanessa , Iveson Helen ,   on behalf of the members of the British Association for Sexual Health and HIV National Audit Group
Published: December 2022

This audit assessed adherence to standards specified in the BASHH national guidance for management of infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae (2018). All UK GUM/Integrated Sexual Health Services (Level 3 STI services) were invited to complete a brief survey of clinic service arrangements and case note review of the 40 individuals per clinic diagnosed with gonorrhoea via microscopy, nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) and/or culture up to the end of 2019. Data collection was between 30/01/2020 and 27/03/2020 using an online survey. There was no case of possible treatment failure with ceftriaxone having been reported to PHE. The standard for receiving first line treatment was narrowly missed. The other five national audit standards were not met. Based on the results, the following recommendations were made: individual sexual health service to identify areas for improvement in performance or documentation for key outcomes; adhere carefully to treatment guidelines; encourage all individuals with gonorrhoea to accept testing for syphilis, HIV as well as chlamydia, and to engage in partner notification.
Patient-reported disease impact of systemic lupus erythematosus with active joint symptoms: Results from the systemic lupus erythematosus-update survey
Authors: Kamen Diane L , Birt Julie A , Hadi Monica A , Gibbons Elizabeth , Bushnell Donald M , Yu Ren , Delbecque Laure A , Griffing Kirstin , Askanase Anca
Published: December 2022

Background

Many people with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) experience joint pain, swelling, and stiffness. These joint symptoms are associated with problems in physical functioning and work disability. We used survey data from adults with SLE to explore the burden and impact of joint symptoms.

Methods

SLE-UPDATE was a 2019 cross-sectional US survey of adults with SLE. We compared respondents with “currently active” joint symptoms’ and those “without currently active” joint symptoms. The active joint cohort comprised survey respondents who self-reported current “stiffness in joints” or “pain/swelling in joints” and who had moderate to severe joint pain (Worst Joint Pain Numeric Rating Scale [NRS] score ≥ 4). Respondents not fulfilling these criteria were included in the non-active joint cohort. Outcomes included frequency and severity of pain, patient-reported outcomes (LupusPRO™ and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment: Lupus [WPAI-Lupus]), satisfaction with current treatments, and importance of different treatment goals.

Results

More respondents in the active joint cohort (N = 285) than in the non-active joint cohort (N = 215) reported pain most or all the time over the preceding 7 days (77.5% vs. 32.1%, p < .0001), fibromyalgia (45% vs. 12%, p < .0001), and higher (worse) mean scores on the Worst Pain NRS (6.5 vs. 4.8, p < .0001) and Worst Joint Pain NRS (6.7 vs. 4.5, p < .0001). Mean Lupus PRO health-related quality of life (HRQoL) total score was lower (worse) in the active joint cohort (48.9 vs. 64.1, p < .0001). WPAI-Lupus scores indicated greater work productivity losses and activity impairment in the active joint cohort. More respondents in the active joint cohort than in the non-active joint cohort were neutral or not satisfied with current treatments and rated reducing pain as a “very important” treatment goal (26.7% vs. 18.1%).

Conclusions

Respondents with SLE and active joint manifestations in addition to having more pain report lower HRQoL and were less satisfied with their current treatments. Comorbid fibromyalgia may play a role in joint symptoms in patient with SLE joint manifestations. There is an unmet need for new therapeutic options to reduce joint symptom burden among patients with SLE.
“It's cancer screening after all”. Barriers to cervical and colorectal cancer screening and attitudes to promotion of self-sampling kits upon attendance for breast cancer screening
Authors: Kirkegaard Pia , Larsen Mette Bach , Andersen Berit
Published: December 2022

Objectives

To explore barriers to cervical and colorectal cancer screening and attitudes to promotion of self-sampling kits upon attendance for breast cancer screening.

Methods

Interview study with women who had not responded to one or more invitations to cervical or colorectal cancer screening. A semi-structured interview guide was used and interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Concepts from Temporal Motivation Theory were used to structure and analyse the data.

Results

Twenty-two women were interviewed. Screening was highly valued but the women perceived screening for cervical cancer and colorectal cancer as more troublesome to participate in, compared with participation in breast cancer screening. The lack of a pre-booked appointment or a suggested deadline attenuated the perceived value of cervical and colorectal cancer screening and this further increased procrastination. Promotion of self-sampling kits for cervical and colorectal cancer screening upon attendance for breast cancer screening was considered a feasible way to increase salience of both types of screening.

Conclusion

A high number of micro steps and absence of a deadline in cervical and colorectal cancer screening diverted attention away from screening participation in cervical and colorectal cancer screening. The main facilitator could be reduction of micro actions, proposing a suggested deadline, and promotion of self-sampling kits when attending breast cancer screening to increase salience and a renewed attention to all three screening programmes.
Neonatal Hemodynamics: Relevance to Research and Clinical Comprehension Review
Authors: Kalal Nipin , Sharma Suresh K. , Yadav Sonam , Choudhary Bharat
Published: December 2022

The intricate and immature physiological structures of cardiovascular system in neonates often leads to hemodynamic instability among normal or sick neonates; therefore, their organs are inadequately supplied with oxygen. The hemodynamic monitoring enlightens the dynamic changes that occurs in the systemic and regional perfusions of neonates. It aids in comprehensive neonatal assessment and creates countless opportunities for clinical as well as research applications. The hemodynamic alterations are helpful in formulating diagnosis in early compensatory phase during cardiovascular compromise and therefore help in preventing the escalation of the disease to the decompensatory phase of low cardiac output syndrome. The assessment of blood pressure measurements, systemic flow, systemic vascular resistance, oxygen delivery, oxygen consumption, myocardial perfusion, contractility, and cardiac output are considered as vital parameters to be obtained in order to manage the hemodynamically sick neonates. Various assessment and monitoring methods are available to keep an eye over the fluctuations. Such methods can help in preventing delay in the implementation of care to further minimize the chances of poor neonatal outcomes. Beyond clinical assessment, the advancements include the ability of hemodynamic monitoring devices to collect, store, and analyze the complex physio metric data to formulate the diagnosis and to manage the sick neonates. The application of emerging advancements paves a way that opens an entirely unique and new era in hemodynamic research by monitoring and acquiring data for neonates.
An Examination of the 4 Rs 2 Ss for Problem Behaviors: A Preventive Approach
Authors: Acri Mary , Falek Idan , Hamovitch Emily , Gopalan Geetha , Bornheimer Lindsay , McKay Mary
Published: December 2022

Early treatment of behavioral problems can prevent their progression into intractable disorders. This study examined the impact of a multiple family group (MFG) intervention for children with behavior symptoms and their families. Fifty-four ( n = 54) caregiver/child dyads with sub-clinical levels of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) participated in a 16-week MFG. Child, caregiver, and family outcomes were assessed at baseline, post-treatment, and at 6 months follow-up. Significant decreases in impairment with parents, family members, and peers, and improvements in child self-esteem were found from baseline to follow-up. Caregiver stress increased; no significant changes in depression or perceived social support were found over time. The effectiveness of MFG as a preventive approach and areas of future research are discussed.
COPD-Related Fatigue: A Scoping Review
Authors: Clark Lindsey A. , Reed Robert , Corazzini Kirsten N. , Zhu Shijun , Renn Cynthia , Jennifer Klinedinst N.
Published: December 2022

Millions of people worldwide have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and one of the most common and troublesome symptoms that must be managed is fatigue. While there are existing interventions to address COPD-related fatigue, not all patients experience benefit. A better understanding of the factors associated with COPD-fatigue could elucidate new approaches to address COPD-related fatigue, thereby offering relief to a greater number of patients. The purpose of this review was to identify the physiologic, psychologic, and situational factors associated with COPD-related fatigue. A total of four databases, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Google Scholar, were searched. Those that were peer reviewed, in English, and published between 2000 and 2021, were included in the review. A total of 25 articles were included in this scoping review. The following factors were related to fatigue in COPD: dyspnea, pain, anxiety, depression, and sleep. Fatigue is a debilitating symptom with factors influential to the symptom and outcomes. Research is indicated to explore targeted and personalized interventions addressing the factors related to fatigue to mitigate this widespread symptom.
Pediatric Orthognathic Surgery: A NSQIP-P Comparison of Peri-Operative Factors and Outcome Differences Between Cleft and Noncleft Patients
Authors: Zeyl Victoria G. , Lopez Christopher D. , Yoon Joshua , Rivera Perla Krissia M. , Shakoori Pasha , Girard Alisa O. , Hopkins Elizabeth , Redett Richard J. , Yang Robin S.
Published: December 2022

Objective

The present study aimed to investigate the risk factors, complication profiles, and clinical outcomes of cleft and noncleft patients undergoing single jaw (mandibular or LeFort 1) and bimaxillary (BSSO + LeFort 1).

Design

Retrospective Cross-sectional Study Setting: National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database 2018–2019

Patients

Pediatric patients

Interventions

Outcomes for mandibular, LeFort 1, and bimaxillary osteotomy were retrospectively evaluated for cleft and noncleft patients.

Main Outcome Measures

Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the odds of complications and length of stay for cleft and noncleft patients undergoing single jaw and double jaw surgery.

Results

669 pediatric patient underwent orthognathic surgery in the study period; the majority received LF1 only (n = 385; 58.3%), followed by mandible only (n = 179; 27.1%), and bimaxillary (n = 105; 15.9%%). Cleft differences were present in 56% of LFI patients, 32% of mandibular patients, and 22% of bimaxillary patients. After multivariate adjustment, ASA class III was associated with nearly 400% increased odds of any complication including readmission and reoperation (OR = 5.99; CI [[1.54−23.32]], p < 0.01, and 65% increased LOS (β-coefficient = 1.65, CI [1.37−1.99], p < 0.01). Presence of cleft was not significantly associated with odds of any complication (p = 0.69) nor increased LOS (p = 0.46) in this population.

Conclusion

Complications remained low between surgery types among cleft and noncleft patients. The most significant risk factor in pediatric orthognathic surgery was not the presence of cleft but rather increased ASA class. Though common in patients seeking orthognathic surgery, cleft differences did not cause additional risk after adjustment for other variables.
The Effect of the Drug-Related Problems Prevention Bundle on Early Readmissions in Patients From the Emergency Department: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Juanes Ana , Ruíz Jesús , Puig Mireia , Blázquez Marta , Gilabert Antoni , López Laia , Baena M. Isabel , Guiu Josep M. , Antònia Mangues Maria
Published: December 2022

Background:

Drug-related problems (DRPs) are prevalent and avoidable disease that patients experience due to drug use or nonuse. However, secondary prevention policies have not yet been systematized.

Objective:

To assess the clinical impact of a secondary prevention bundle for DRPs in patients who visited the emergency department (ED) for medicine-related problems.

Methods:

A single-center randomized clinical trial was conducted from August 28, 2019, to January 28, 2021, with 1-month follow-up. We included 769 adult patients who visited ED with a DRP associated with cardiovascular, alimentary tract, and metabolic system medications. For the intervention group, a DRP prevention bundle, consisting of a combined strategy initiated in the ED was applied. Patients in the control group received standard pharmaceutical care. Intervention was evaluated in terms of 30-day hospital readmission due to any cause.

Results:

Final analysis included 769 patients, of which 68 (8.8%) were readmitted within 30 days (control group, 40 of 386 [cumulative incidence: 10.4%]; intervention group, 28 of 383 [cumulative incidence, 7.3%]). After adjustment of the model for chronic heart failure, there was a lower incidence of hospital readmission among patients in the intervention group compared with those in the control group, odds ratio: 0.59 [95% confidence interval: 0.37-0.97]; number needed to treat (NNT) = 32. No significant differences in other outcomes were observed.

Conclusion and Relevance:

In this clinical trial, DRP prevention bundle in adjusted analysis decreased the rate of 30-day hospital readmission for any cause in patients who visited ED for a DRP.

Trial registration:

ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT03607097)
Interrogating White Men’s Allyship: Implications of Performativity for Qualitative Methodologies
Authors: Halvorsen Jeff
Published: December 2022

In recent years, social movements have drawn attention to injustices and demanded action. In response, some White men have come to activism as allies. However, activists and scholars have problematized allyship by highlighting performative allies who claim the identity, but continue to replicate racist, sexist, homophobic, or colonial oppressive practices. To examine the methodological implications of this tension, I used a meta-methodology approach to select and analyze 13 qualitative allyship studies that drew on phenomenology, grounded theory, and critical theories/methodologies. I appraised the recruitment methods, data analysis, and trustworthiness procedures, and I assessed how the voice of the target group was integrated in each methodological genre. As a White male doctoral candidate in social work, I was drawn to critical ethnography’s focus on historicized power relations, the practice of co-implication, nomination procedures, member checking with minoritized groups, and other research practices that begin to address the tensions of performativity in allyship.
Disclosing and Reporting of Consent Violations Among Kink Practitioners in the United States
Authors: Bowling Jessamyn , Wright Susan , Benson J. Kevin , McCabe Sean , Mennicke Annelise , Willard Jessica , Kissler Neha , Good Haley , Moody Brianna , Stambaugh Russell , Cramer Robert J.
Published: December 2022

Kink practitioners are marginalized and experience adverse health and social outcomes, which are exacerbated by consent violations. This study aims to understand experiences of reporting consent violations within a kink context. Kink practitioners ( N = 2,888) completed a survey focused on consent violations, reporting, and recommendations, with 767 (25.56%) of them reporting consent violations in the kink context. The type of consent violation (sexual assault or kink-related behaviors), disclosure, and reporting significantly differed based on gender, sexual orientation, and injury status, but not age. Additionally, recommended steps included avoidance of police and others in positions of power and increased accountability.
The Process of Applying Principles-Focused Evaluation to the Sexual Violence Prevention Field: Implications for Practice in Other Social Services Fields
Authors: Casey Erin A. , Vanslyke Jan , Beadnell Blair , Tatiana Masters N. , McFarland Kirstin
Published: December 2022

Principles focused evaluation (PFE) can complement existing formative and outcome evaluation plans by identifying Effectiveness Principles (EPs), an operationalization of values and standards that guide practitioners during program implementation. To date, however, few examples of PFE are available in the literature. This description of the application of PFE to the Washington State Rape Prevention and Education (RPE) sexual violence prevention program provides an example of how this flexible approach can augment an existing evaluation plan to distill shared evaluation components across different organizations implementing diverse prevention programming. Specifically, we describe the process used by a team of practitioners, funders, evaluation consultants and state-level sexual violence prevention technical assistance providers to identify EPs, operationalize indicators for each EP, and develop and test an EP measurement approach. In this process, the seven very different RPE-funded organizations, each serving a unique community, were able to identify and endorse shared, core EPs. This description illustrates PFE's promise for augmenting a shared evaluation approach and identifying common guiding tenets across uniquely situated organizations in a larger community of practice.
How to Train Better in Evaluation: Teaching Landscape and Lessons Learned From Latin America
Authors: Arévalo Gross Cinthia Josette , Rodríguez-Bilella Pablo , Olavarría Claudia
Published: December 2022

Evaluation has been expanding as an important discipline in Latin America, yet there are significant challenges regarding capacity development through educational and training initiatives in the region. This paper first analyzes the evolution and state of the field in terms of the teaching of, and training in evaluation in Latin America, with a special focus on young and emerging evaluators. The paper then draws on published literature, interviews with evaluation experts, and the results of a survey with VOPE leaders and a survey focused on young and emerging evaluators to illustrate Latin American evaluators’ challenges and needs in terms of capacity building and training in evaluation. Lastly, this paper provides some examples of innovative activities and strategies that are being put in place by different actors to address training and teaching needs of Latin American evaluators.
A Look at Power Issues in Collaborative Program Evaluations Under Michel Foucault´s Conception of Power-Knowledge
Authors: Torres-Cuello Maria Alejandra , Pinzon-Salcedo Luis Arturo
Published: December 2022

Power has always been an element of the program evaluation field, however, it has traditionally been attributed a negative connotation. With that in mind, power is seen as a force possessed to some extent by different stakeholders that can be imposed over others, and by which certain views, ideas, and decisions can be adopted. Given that program evaluation has a political character in which power is always present, we seek to explore a different notion of this concept. In this paper, we intend to take advantage of Michel Foucault's ideas to explore power in the program evaluation field. We illustrate the introduction of these concepts in collaborative evaluations and in doing so, we also explore power as well as power-knowledge relations, adopting a transformative perspective on power. The introduction of these concepts in collaborative evaluation is useful in illustrating how they can be used in non-collaborative evaluations.
Evaluation Quality Assessment Frameworks: A Comparative Assessment of Their Strengths and Weaknesses
Authors: Pollard Alison , Forss Kim
Published: December 2022

Quality Assessment Frameworks (QAFs) are standardized templates that include pre-defined criteria, open questions, or a combination to assess the quality of evaluations. They support organizations to limit risks associated with poor-quality evaluation. Qualitative research focused on four QAFs shows that five dimensions of quality are assessed within the frameworks that include pre-defined criteria. These are aligned with the criteria that audiences of evaluation identify as important to assessing quality: substantive findings, robust and appropriate methodology, accessibility, inclusive processes and analysis of wider systems. Consequently, these QAFs are likely to support critical assessment of the main dimensions of quality that are relevant to audiences of evaluation. Audiences also note synergies between these five dimensions of quality and appropriate contextualization as crucial to assessing quality. Consequently, the structure and categorization of quality within QAFs which only include pre-defined criteria risks limiting reviewers’ ability to reflect on these synergies and contextualize assessments.
Integrative Evaluation
Authors: Feinstein Osvaldo
Published: December 2022

“Integrative evaluation” is an approach with two main phases: identification of plausible rival hypotheses and integration of rival hypotheses. The first phase may correspond to traditional adversary evaluation, whereas the second phase, that is not included in adversary evaluation, requires integrative thinking which can be applied when they are compatible and complementary. Integrative evaluation may facilitate “evaluative thinking” and contribute to deliberative or integrative democracy.
Translating Evaluation Policy Into Practice in Government Organizations
Authors: Bourgeois Isabelle , Maltais Stéphanie
Published: December 2022

Organizational evaluation policies describe how evaluation practices should be structured and implemented. As such, they provide key insights into organizational priorities and values regarding evaluation. However, the link between evaluation policies and how evaluation policies translate into concrete practices has seldom been explored until now. Our study examines the implementation of two Canadian federal government evaluation policies over a 10-year timespan, through the secondary analysis of reports produced on behalf of governmental evaluation functions. Our findings show that some policy elements have been fully implemented, but the way in which these have been implemented varies between organizations. Further, we observed that the level of control of various organizational members responsible for implementing policy elements, as well as time, can influence implementation of certain policy requirements. We conclude by proposing further directions for research to examine the policy-practice link.
Mid-term results of the treatment of complex acetabular fractures with combined acute fixation and total hip replacement in the older patient
Authors: Bassett James W , Diamond Owen J , Spence David J , Ward Anthony J , Acharya Mehool R , Chesser Tim JS
Published: December 2022

Introduction:

The incidence of acetabular fractures in older patients is increasing. The management of these patients is evolving due to the recognition of risks associated with prolonged immobility with conservative treatment.

Materials and methods:

Consecutive patients undergoing fixation and total hip replacement (THR) for displaced acetabular fractures undergoing single operation with acetabular fixation and THR were identified. Outcomes were assessed using radiographs, clinical notes, Oxford Hip Score and EuroQol-5L.

Results:

77 patients were identified with 51 completing outcome scores. Mean age 68 years at time of injury. Mean follow-up 5 (2–12) years, OHS 40, EQ-5D 0.78. Revision surgery performed in 7 patients (9%).

Discussion:

Acute fixation combined with THR for acetabular fractures in the elderly patient, offers good functional outcomes and a low complication rate in the mid-term.
Diversity in Expression Biases of Lineage-Specific Genes During Development and Anhydrobiosis Among Tardigrade Species
Authors: Metivier Jean-Christophe , Chain Frédéric J J
Published: December 2022

Lineage-specific genes can contribute to the emergence and evolution of novel traits and adaptations. Tardigrades are animals that have adapted to tolerate extreme conditions by undergoing a form of cryptobiosis called anhydrobiosis, a physical transformation to an inactive desiccated state. While studies to understand the genetics underlying the interspecies diversity in anhydrobiotic transitions have identified tardigrade-specific genes and family expansions involved in this process, the contributions of species-specific genes to the variation in tardigrade development and cryptobiosis are less clear. We used previously published transcriptomes throughout development and anhydrobiosis (5 embryonic stages, 7 juvenile stages, active adults, and tun adults) to assess the transcriptional biases of different classes of genes between 2 tardigrade species, Hypsibius exemplaris and Ramazzottius varieornatus. We also used the transcriptomes of 2 other tardigrades, Echiniscoides sigismundi and Richtersius coronifer, and data from 3 non-tardigrade species ( Adenita vaga, Drosophila melanogaster, and Caenorhabditis elegans) to help identify lineage-specific genes. We found that lineage-specific genes have generally low and narrow expression but are enriched among biased genes in different stages of development depending on the species. Biased genes tend to be specific to early and late development, but there is little overlap in functional enrichment of biased genes between species. Gene expansions in the 2 tardigrades also involve families with different functions despite homologous genes being expressed during anhydrobiosis in both species. Our results demonstrate the interspecific variation in transcriptional contributions and biases of lineage-specific genes during development and anhydrobiosis in 2 tardigrades.
Assessment of Staffing Needs for Frontline Health Workers in Selected Maternal and Child Health Services in 3 Countries of Sub-Saharan West Africa: Cote d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, and Niger
Authors: Kpebo Denise , Ly Antarou , Yameogo Wambi Maurice Evariste , Bijou Sujata , Bertrand Ivlabèhirè Meda , Tougri Halima , Ndour Marguerite , Tetchi Orsot , Sablé Stéphane Parfait , Kouanda Seni
Published: December 2022

Sub-Saharan African countries health systems are generally faced with shortages and inequitable distribution of qualified health workers. The application of provider-population ratio or fixed staff establishments, not considering variation in workload, given contextual variations in service utilization rates, cannot adequately match the human resource needs of different health facilities. The Workload Indicators of Staffing Need (WISN) method uses workload to determine staffing needs in a given facility. The aim of this study was to assess the current workload and staffing needs of maternal and child health services in 12 primary healthcare facilities from Burkina Faso, Niger, and Cote d’Ivoire. We employed the WISN methodology, using document reviews, in-depth interviews with health providers, and observations, to obtain the data needed for estimating the required number of staff in a given facility. Then, we calculated both the WISN difference (current−required staff), and the WISN ratio (current staff/required staff). Using the WISN ratio, we assessed the work pressure that health workers experience. The results showed a shortage of health workers in most services in Cote d’Ivoire and Niger (WISN ratio <1), in contrast to Burkina Faso where services were either adequately staffed or overstaffed (WISN ratio ⩾1). The workload pressure was generally high or very high in Cote d’Ivoire, while in Niger, it was very high in maternity services but rather low in dispensary ones. There was also a geographic discrepancy in health workers staffing, rural areas services being more understaffed, with a higher workload pressure as compared to urban areas ones. This study results strengthens the body of knowledge on the shortage of health workforce in sub-Saharan Africa French speaking countries. Policies and strategies to increase students training capacities and the application of regular WISN studies for a better staff distribution are necessary to address the human resource needs of health facilities in these countries.
Investigating metaverse marketing for travel and tourism
Authors: Tsai Shu-pei
Published: December 2022

The metaverse, defined as an interoperated persistent network of shared virtual environments, engenders perception of holistic presence for audiences through avatar embodiment as well as psychological and physiological immersion in synchronous interaction with other agents and objects. Metaverse tours is a newly emerged phenomenon requiring deepened understanding in the travel and tourism industry. The current study, applying pertinent concepts of enactive cognition and positive psychology, proposes and verifies a theoretical framework. As the research result suggests, concomitant effect exercised by perception of holistic presence containing subdimensions of spatial-presence, social-presence, and self-presence alongside holistic happiness comprising hedonia and eudaimonia serves to reinforce actual visit intention towards a tourism destination in the metaverse context. The current study contributes to explicating an effective avenue conducive to bringing out optimal impact of metaverse tours for travel and tourism marketing.
Continuing professional development in the last decade – A scoping review
Authors: Magwenya Rodney H , Ross Andrew John , Ngatiane Logic S
Published: December 2022

Background: Continuing professional development (CPD) provides support to healthcare workers to keep up to date with best practices and addresses deficits in their knowledge and practice. Aim: The purpose of this scoping review is to summarise data from the past decade on CPD models. Method: For this scoping review, we searched PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases and conducted a grey literature search for studies/documents describing models of CPD. We limited our search to those written in English and published since 2010. Results: 74 references were included. These were grouped under two main questions: (1) What CPD models are available in various settings globally? (2) What are the perceptions and views of medical practitioners towards these? Under the first question, they were grouped into six categories: (a) Legislation, theoretical framework/learning theories, (b) CME credit systems, revalidation/recertification and maintenance of certification, (c) content delivery (choice of format), (d) quality standards, monitoring and evaluation, (e) funding and (f) country/region CPD models. Conclusions: CPD should be supported by appropriate legislation and policy, be directed at the needs of practitioners, and based on adult learning theory, have a mechanism in place for evaluation and improvement and have sustainable funding.