bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impactos económicos del cambio climático en Colombia: Costos económicos de los eventos extremos asociados al clima
Authors: Jaramillo Fernando , Ludeña Carlos E. , Álvarez Andrés , Calderón Silvia , Romero Germán , Ordóñez Daniel A. , Sanchez-Aragon Leonardo , Gómez Mónica A.
Published: March 2024

Esta infografía resume los resultados del estudio "Impactos económicos del cambio climático en Colombia: costos económicos de los eventos extremos" el cual analiza las interrelaciones entre el crecimiento económico y los desastres naturales, desde un punto de vista eminentemente macroeconómico. Para el estudio de dichas interrelaciones, se utilizaron cuatro instrumentos diferentes: regresiones con un panel de datos departamental, regresiones con un panel de datos municipal, un modelo dinámico con un modelo de gestión de riesgo con expectativas racionales y, finalmente, un modelo recursivo de equilibrio general muy detallado de la economía colombiana. Tanto en análisis a nivel departamental, como el análisis con el modelo de equilibrio general recursivo (MEGDES) estiman que un incremento permanente de 20% en el componente exógeno de los desastres naturales genera una caída de 1.5% en el PIB de largo plazo. Estos resultados evidencian un efecto significativo de los desastres sobre el PIB de largo plazo, y viceversa.
ALAS IDB Awards 2013-2014
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

Segunda convocatoria de los premios ALAS-BID para el desarrollo infantil temprano.
América Latina y el Caribe: agua y saneamiento (género)
Authors: Núñez Anamaría , Subiza Dolores , Monje Silva Andrea
Published: March 2024

INFOGRAFÍA: En las últimas dos décadas, la región de América Latina y el Caribe ha estado a la altura de los desafíos en términos de acceso a servicios de agua y saneamiento: entre 1990 y el 2015, más de 220 millones de personas (de un total de 600 millones) se incorporaron a los servicios de agua y saneamiento. El porcentaje de personas con acceso a mejores servicios de agua pasó del 85% al 95% y en saneamiento adecuado el porcentaje aumentó del 67% al 83%. Pero no podemos quedarnos ahí. Hoy todavía quedan 34 millones de personas sin acceso a agua, y las cifras son más alarmantes para saneamiento: 106 millones no cuentan con acceso a uno adecuado y 19 millones defecan al aire libre. Como es de esperar, las estadísticas son aún más alarmantes para los más vulnerables y las zonas más remotas del continente. La gran disparidad urbana-rural, se traduce en una cobertura de los servicios de agua y saneamiento rural en el 2015 (84% y 64%, respectivamente) semejante a la cobertura del sector urbano 25 años atrás.
Envios de Dineiro a casa: Maximizar o impacto das remessas para a América Latina e o Caribe
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

Brochure sobre uma conferência em Washington, DC 2004
The Multilateral Investment Fund: Lessons Learned: Building a Local Venture Capital Industry in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Garcia-Robles Maria Susana
Published: March 2024

Established in 1993 as part of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) Group, the Multilateral Investment Fund (MIF) was created to develop effective approaches to advance private sector development, improve the business environment and support micro and small enterprises in order to promote economic growth and poverty reduction in the Latin American and Caribbean regions (LAC) exclusively.
Comprehensive Solid Waste Management
Authors: Paredes Juan Roberto , Ramos María Clara , Robles Marina , Näslund-Hadley Emma
Published: March 2024

Take a look at the garbage bin in your school or home. Have you ever wondered what makes its content garbage? If you look inside, you may see that the waste at the bottom of the bin is made up of items that are no longer of use and therefore have been tossed out. You may also find materials that are of mixed composition (made of glass, paper, metal, organics, and the like). Breathe in deeply, and you may notice an unpleasant odor. This is a sample of our consumption. We disregard the origin and history of these items, their ultimate destiny, and the consequence of their disposal for the environment and human beings. And this disregard is, without a doubt, what turns waste into a problem.
Managing Risk in the School
Authors: Paredes Juan Roberto , Ramos María Clara , Robles Marina , Näslund-Hadley Emma
Published: March 2024

Climate change poses new hazards to schools and heightens preexisting ones. Every day we hear news of some community in the world being adversely affected by natural phenomena such as excess water (floods, landslides), extreme winds, or drought. Such events may leave communities without access to a reliable supply of drinking water, create conditions conducive to the spread of fires, force school closures, and affect the economy. Schools mirror their communities. Just as they face the same risks, they can implement some of the same strategies to counteract the factors that generate those risks lowering them and mitigating the possibility of disaster.
Public-Private Partnership for Low-Cost Housing Investments
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

El Salvador has developed a unique and sustainable financial business model that enables low-income consumers to improve and expand their homes by mobilizing resources from both the public and private sectors, including commercial banks and multilateral institutions. These resources are subsequently channeled to microfinance institutions around the country, serving a market of low-income borrowers and homeowners who otherwise would be without access to credit.Central to this financing model is FONAVIPO, the state-owned National Low-Income Housing Fund. It acts as a second-tier financial lender to 55 microfinance institutions, including cooperatives and other nongovernmental organizations, which operate under a different set of rules compared with regulated, commercial banks. FONAVIPO also administers a government subsidy program that provides homeowners with grants of up to $3,000 to enable less affluent consumers to participate in the housing market.
Better Access to Low-Income Homes through Innovative Lending in Antioquia, Colombia
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

The Caja de Compensación Familiar de Antioquia, Comfama, is part of a national Colombian network of private, non-profit entities funded by a 4% public and private sector payroll contribution with a mandate to provide its affiliated employees with social benefits like healthcare, housing, and financial services. It has the largest membership of Colombia's 43 cajas, with 700,000 employee affiliates and over 3 million beneficiaries through 47,000 affiliated companies.
Trailblazing Credit Program Provides Financing for Microentrepreneurs in Brazil
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

Banco de Desenvolvimento de Minas Gerais (BDMG) is the development bank of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. BDMG will offer the new credit product "Acredita" or "Believe" to high potential microenterprises and individual micro entrepreneurs from the base of the pyramid (BOP) that have recently formalized their company and officially started doing business.
Financial Services for Paraguay's Informal Workers
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

Banco Familiar, S.A.E.C.A. is the third largest bank in Paraguay and focuses on the base of the pyramid (BOP), a segment with whom traditional banks generally do not do business. With 15 years of experience developing ways to analyze creditworthiness, Banco Familiar has designed the first credit scoring system for low-income self-employed workers. Banco Familiar has 58 branches throughout the country, and as of end-2012 had more than 300,000 clients.
Building Better Homes through Market Synergy in Peru
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

Financiera Edyficar S.A. is a financial institution established by CARE Peru in 1997 with the mission of providing access and financial services to low-income individuals, especially microenterprise and small business owners. In 2009 it was acquired by Banco de Crédito del Perú (BCP), the country¿s largest financial institution. Edyficar has nationwide coverage, with a presence in 21 of Peru's 24 departments. Around 75% of Edyficar's clients are BOP with monthly per capita incomes under US$198.
Learning in Twenty-First Century Schools: Note 1: Series Introduction
Authors: Gargiulo Carlos
Published: March 2024

This series of notes summarizes work performed by the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean under the Project on Learning in Twenty-First Century Schools, a Technical Cooperation on Regional Public Goods funded by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). The project's main aim was to study, jointly with the countries of the region, the states and challenges of schools infrastructure, to suggest solutions, and to encourage the adoption of subregional building standards. The Caribbean countries were particularly interested in possibilities for public-private partnerships for financing schools infrastructure, and the countries of Central America and the Andean region were keen on the prevention of natural disasters. In general, all recognized the need to have a workable system for school maintenance and a flexible, real-time way of keeping track of the state of the stock of educational infrastructure.
Learning in Twenty-First Century Schools: Note 4: Public-Private Partneships in School Infrastructure in the Caribbean
Authors: Livingston Nicholas
Published: March 2024

Several Caribbean countries are now considering the use of PPPs to modernize their infrastructure and improve the delivery of public services, with Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago currently providing the most advanced examples in terms of the institutional arrangements that have been put in place (PPIAF 2014). Trinidad and Tobago is currently undertaking preliminary detailed analysis to determine the potential value for money of two pilot projects involving, among other things, the PPP-based procurement of 10 early-childhoods education centers and 10 primary schools.
Learning in Twenty-First Century Schools: Note 7: Maintenance of School Buildings
Authors: Treves Alberto
Published: March 2024

This chapter contains information, criteria, and ideas compiled during direct interactions with public officials working in the fields of education and school building in Argentina, Barbados, the City of Bogotá, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, and the Province of Buenos Aires. It also includes the results of the author's own observations made during visits to a large number of educational institutions in those countries and from reading official technical and strategic documents available on the subject.
Ensuring Healthy Environments
Authors: Bolivar Ángela , Paredes Juan Roberto , Ramos María Clara , Näslund-Hadley Emma , Wilches-Chaux Gustavo
Published: March 2024

A healthy environment is made up of many elements that are indispensable for our physical and spiritual health, our cultural wellbeing, and our happiness. Among these are, of course, breatheable air, drinkable water, and enough food to feed the community all of which can become contaminated. A healthy environment also includes factors that we don't often think about. Pollution from noise and light (excessive lighting where there should be shadows or darkness), as well as "visual pollution" (from fences, billboards, tall buildings, and other objects that obstruct visibility), may not harm us as quickly as toxins in our food, water, or air, but, over time, they erode our physical and mental health.
Brief: Comparative Case Studies: Review of IDB Institutional Support to the Conditional Cash Transfer in Three Lower-Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Tetreault Alayna , Maciel Odette , Azuara Herrera Oliver
Published: March 2024

This document presents a summary of the Comparative Case Study: Review of IDB Institutional Support to the Conditional Cash Transfer in Three Lower-Middle-Income Countries developed by the Office of Evaluation and Oversight at the Inter-American Development Bank.
How Agricultural Policies Skew Pork Domestic Prices for Consumers
Authors: Del Río Paracolls Carmen , Boyce Rachel
Published: March 2024

Around the world, government agricultural policies often make the prices paid by consumers much higher or lower than they would be withoutpolicy interventions. This infographic shows the latest available data for the three-year average price of pork in Latin America and the Caribbean compared to international prices (prices not affected by domestic policy).
Coastal Resilience in the Caribbean
Authors: Del Río Paracolls Carmen , Cotta Jamie , Lemay Michele H.
Published: March 2024

Communities which are heavily dependent on coastal ecosystems will suffer catastrophic effects from climate change. Can we reduce these impacts by enhancing the resilience of coastal and marine ecosystems in order to stabilize shorelines, reduce flooding and improve public access?
You Are What You Eat
Authors: Bolivar Ángela , Paredes Juan Roberto , Ramos María Clara , Näslund-Hadley Emma , Wilches-Chaux Gustavo
Published: March 2024

"You are what you eat." It's a familiar expression, but do youhave any idea how true it is? Food does a lot more than simply nourish our bodies; it's an essential part of who we are. When we gather together to produce, prepare, and consume food, we are part of a community. The passing down of food traditions from generation to generation helps form our very identity. One of the best ways to learn about the history of different places and cultures is to eat the local food. How people eat shows us how they've adapted to the geographical and climatic conditions in their region. The same food may have different names, uses, and methods of preparation in different places, depending on local traditions and needs as well as local geography and agricultural practices. Over the centuries, these differences have given rise to a wide range of traditional regional dishes, recipes, and cooking styles, some of which remain favorites.
Sustainable Cities for Smart Urban Growth
Authors: Bolivar Ángela , Paredes Juan Roberto , Ramos María Clara , Näslund-Hadley Emma , Wilches-Chaux Gustavo
Published: March 2024

Once upon a time, there was a place with good soil for plants and good sources of water for wild animals. Many, many plants grew there, and many wild animals made it their home. People liked it too. In fact, so many people wanted it to be their home, they built a city. The world's big cities -that are now full of skyscrapers and wide concrete avenues, and where the only wild animals live in zoos- once looked very different. Many were farms. A few were jungles or swamps. A handful were desert oases. Even today, cities cannot be separated from the natural environment. Natural ecosystems provide the resources that cities need to develop and grow, including water, clean air, soil, food, and energy.
Protecting the Land
Authors: Bolivar Ángela , Paredes Juan Roberto , Ramos María Clara , Näslund-Hadley Emma , Wilches-Chaux Gustavo
Published: March 2024

We do not live in a vacuum. Instead, we are connected to innumerable other living entities, and our individual vantage point is only one among many. When we hear people talk about protecting the land and the landscape that we enjoy, it may be helpful to consider that each of us has a personal environment, experienced from a particular point of view. This personal environment, the landscape that we see, is made up of and affected by everything we can perceive using our senses -immobile mountains, buildings, and trees; moving animals, cars, and people; changes in light, humidity, and temperatureas well as the interactions among these things. As we observe and influence these interactions, we participate in the process of creating the landscape we experience.
Development Effectiveness Overview 2015: Summary
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

The summary of the Development Effectiveness Overview (DEO) presents the main takeaways of the DEO, which is the Inter-American Development Bank's annual report about the results and impact of its work in Latin America and the Caribbean. The DEO reports on the IDB's contributions towards the development of its 26 borrowing member countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, holding the IDB accountable to its shareholders, partners and beneficiaries.
Latin America and the Caribbean in PISA 2015: How Much Did the Region Improve?
Authors: Zoido Pablo , Elías Alison , Bos María Soledad , Vegas Emiliana
Published: March 2024

Although several countries in the region improved their results, they must all accelerate their rate of improvement to achieve higher performance levels.
Latin America and the Caribbean in PISA 2015: How Do Boys and Girls Perform?
Authors: Zoido Pablo , Elías Alison , Bos María Soledad , Vegas Emiliana
Published: March 2024

Gender gaps are more pronounced in the region than in other parts of the world. Boys in the region perform better than girls in science and mathematics, while girls outperform boys in reading.
Latin America and the Caribbean in PISA 2015: What is the Relationship Between Student Performance and Teaching Resources?
Authors: Zoido Pablo , Moffa Nicholas Dominic , Bos María Soledad , Vegas Emiliana
Published: March 2024

The lack of high-quality professional training and development and the unequal distribution of human resources suggests there is a need for a greater focus on how to better recruit, train, and retain excellent teachers.
Evaluation of Smart Water Infrastructure Technologies (SWIT)
Authors: Arniella Elio F.
Published: March 2024

The objective of this document is to present an assessment of the current situation in the application of Smart Water Infrastructure Technologies (SWIT) and to provide a summary of potential key recommendations for the integration of such technologies by water service providers in the Latin American and Caribbean region. Smart Water Infrastructure Technologies (SWIT) have the potential to contribute considerably to improved service delivery and efficiency. Those technologies include:Smart Metering (AMR/AMI), District Metered Areas (DMAs), Pressure Management, Active Leak Detection, Management Information Systems (MIS), Customer Relations Management Systems (CRM), Geographical Information Systems (GIS), Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA), Hydraulic Modeling And are described in this document, which also presents: a case study of their application by the Barbados Water Authority; a survey of the level of implementation in representative water utilities of the Caribbean region, and recommendations derived from lessons learned.
Red PLAC: Network for Pensions in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

Social security systems in Latin America and the Caribbean face important challenges. Achieving universal coverage requires rethinking the pension systems in the region and establishing solid institutions that can promote and implement the necessary changes for an effective social security. The IDB created Red PLAC in 2015 to support the efforts of Latin American and Caribbean countries in improving the institutional and technical capacity of pension institutions. In this way we seek to contribute to the strengthening of pension systems in the region, with a special focus on their sustainability, adequacy, equity, and efficiency.
Better Jobs Index - Ecuador
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

The Better Jobs Index measures jobs in countries based on two dimensions: quantity and quality. The quantity dimension is composed of two indicators: the labor participation rate and the employment rate. Quality, on the other hand, consists of the formality rate and living wage sufficient to overcome poverty. Thus, the index is the weighted average of these four indicators, and their scores range from 0 to 100. For a country to get 100 points, all people who participate in the labor force must be employed with a formal job that provides them with a living wage.
Better Jobs Index - Honduras
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

The Better Jobs Index measures jobs in countries based on two dimensions: quantity and quality. The quantity dimension is composed of two indicators: the labor participation rate and the employment rate. Quality, on the other hand, consists of the formality rate and living wage sufficient to overcome poverty. Thus, the index is the weighted average of these four indicators*, and their scores range from 0 to 100. For a country to get 100 points, all people who participate in the labor force must be employed with a formal job that provides them with a living wage.* Indicators are calculated using the population aged 15-64, excluding those who are studying and who, therefore, are not working or looking for work. If you want to know more, consult the methodology document.
Better Jobs Index - Dominican Republic
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

The Better Jobs Index measures jobs in countries based on two dimensions: quantity and quality. The quantity dimension is composed of two indicators: the labor participation rate and the employment rate. Quality, on the other hand, consists of the formality rate and living wage sufficient to overcome poverty. Thus, the index is the weighted average of these four indicators*, and their scores range from 0 to 100. For a country to get 100 points, all people who participate in the labor force must be employed with a formal job that provides them with a living wage.* Indicators are calculated using the population aged 15-64, excluding those who are studying and who, therefore, are not working or looking for work. If you want to know more, consult the methodology document.
Better Jobs Index - Costa Rica
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

The Better Jobs Index measures jobs in countries based on two dimensions: quantity and quality. The quantity dimension is composed of two indicators: the labor participation rate and the employment rate. Quality, on the other hand, consists of the formality rate and living wage sufficient to overcome poverty. Thus, the index is the weighted average of these four indicators, and their scores range from 0 to 100. For a country to get 100 points, all people who participate in the labor force must be employed with a formal job that provides them with a living wage.
Evaluation of Public-Private Partnerships Evaluation in Infrastructure: Executive Summary
Authors: Michelitsch Roland , Szwedzki Roni , Sembler Jose Ignacio , Haarsager Ulrike , Carbajo José , Murcia Juan Felipe , Seiwald Raphael , Oliveira Patricia , Funes Aguilera Rocio , Cabrera Maria , Sadeghi Patricia
Published: March 2024

Executive Summary of the evaluation that assesses the work done by the Inter-American Development Bank Group (IDBG) on public-private partnerships (PPPs) in infrastructure in Evaluation of Public-Private Partnerships in Infrastructure Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). The evaluation comes at a unique time for IDBG given the recent merge-out of private sector operations into the Inter-American Investment Corporation. The change in strategic focus of the Multilateral Investment Fund, which used to have a PPP focus area, may also create new opportunities and challenges in terms of skills, organization, and coordination among different parts of the IDBG.
América Latina y el Caribe: Agua y saneamiento (empleo)
Authors: Núñez Anamaría , Subiza Dolores
Published: March 2024

INFOGRAFIA: En las últimas dos décadas, la región de América Latina y el Caribe ha estado a la altura de los desafíos en términos de acceso a servicios de agua y saneamiento: entre 1990 y el 2015, más de 220 millones de personas (de un total de 600 millones) se incorporaron a los servicios de agua y saneamiento. El porcentaje de personas con acceso a mejores servicios de agua pasó del 85% al 95% y en saneamiento adecuado el porcentaje aumentó del 67% al 83%. Pero no podemos quedarnos ahí. Hoy todavía quedan 34 millones de personas sin acceso a agua, y las cifras son más alarmantes para saneamiento: 106 millones no cuentan con acceso a uno adecuado y 19 millones defecan al aire libre. Como es de esperar, las estadísticas son aún más alarmantes para los más vulnerables y las zonas más remotas del continente. La gran disparidad urbana-rural, se traduce en una cobertura de los servicios de agua y saneamiento rural en el 2015 (84% y 64%, respectivamente) semejante a la cobertura del sector urbano 25 años atrás.
¿Cuántas vidas tiene tu basura?: Reciclaje en América Latina y el Caribe
Authors: Núñez Anamaría , Rodríguez Diana , Subiza Dolores
Published: March 2024

INFOGRAFÍA. En el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo tenemos la visión de una región con ciudades limpias, capaces de proveer servicios integrales para el manejo de los residuos sólidos a la totalidad de la población, adaptados a las realidades locales, que sean sostenibles desde el punto de vista sanitario-ambiental y económico, y que sean socialmente inclusivos.
Journey to Modernism: Costa Rican Painting and Sculpture from 1864 - 1959
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

Nineteen artworks from the Central Bank of Costa Rica, the National Museum of Costa Rica, the Costa Rican Museum of Art, and several other state and private collections.
Medellín: Art and Development
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

An exhibition exploring the development of the City of Medellín, Colombia, and the connections that may exist between art and development. Medellín is the city selected by the IDB for the 2009 Annual Meeting of IDB Governors in March of this year. The exhibit is one of the events celebrating the 50th Anniversary of the Inter-American Development Bank and was organized in close collaboration with the Antioquia Museum, Casa Museo Pedro Nel Gómez, Biblioteca Pública Piloto, and Embassy of Colombia in Washington, DC.
The Art of Belize, Then and Now
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

The exhibition gives an overview of contemporary visual arts in Belize, and features works representing Belize City and the country¿s Mayan past, with artifacts and photographs documenting the Mayan sites of Lamanai, Xunantunich and Caracol. The exhibition was organized with logistical support from the IDB Country Office in Belize and its Representative Mr. Hugo Souza, and the collaboration of the Museums of Belize, the Image Factory Foundation, and the Craig Family Collection. Artists such as Gilvano Swasey, Michael Gordon, Jeannie Shaw, Yasser Musa, Mercy Sabal, Jules Vásquez, Ivan Duran, Damian Perdomo, Benjamin Nicholas, and George Gabb are included.
Investing in Gender Equality: 2002-2003
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

This third edition of Investing in Gender Equality presents IDB projects that exemplify good work in the integration of gender considerations in their design. The 18 projects included in this edition have been identified through a system that ranks projects according to how comprehensively gender issues have been incorporated in their design. These projects achieved the highest rankings of a total of 146 projects approved by the Board between 2002 and 2003.
Global Microscope on the Microfinance Business Environment 2009: A Pilot Index and Study by the Economist Intelligence Unit
Authors:   Economist Intelligence Unit
Published: March 2024

This report outlines the findings of the Economist Intelligence Unit¿s in-depth analysis of the microfinance business environment in 55 countries. The index that underlies this report allows countries and regions to be compared across three broad categories: regulatory framework, investment climate and institutional development. This study uses a methodology that has been employed for the last two years in a microfinance report on Latin America and the Caribbean, and is being piloted for the first time on a global basis.
Comparative Perspectives on Trans-Pacific Trade, Integration, and Development
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank,   Asian Development Bank
Published: March 2024

Latin America and the Caribbean (Latin America for short) and Asia and the Pacific (Asia for short) are dynamic and diverse emerging markets in the global economy. Collectively, they constitute a quarter of the global GDP. Both regions hold immense potential for growth, trade, and development; both are also under the pressures of global competition and vulnerable to external shocks such as global economic downturns and volatile capital flows. Both regions are also undertaking the hard work of reducing poverty and inequality, streamlining institutions, fostering private sector competitiveness, and nurturing regional cooperation and integration. Much of the future of Latin America and Asia depends on how they carve their destinies today.
Progress Report (2013-2014) of the MDB Working Group on Sustainable Transport
Authors:   African Development Bank,   Asian Development Bank,   Development Bank of Latin America,   European Bank for Reconstruction and Development,   European Investment Bank,   Inter American Development Bank,   Islamic Development Bank,   World Bank
Published: March 2024

1. In June 2012, at the Rio+20 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, our eight Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) delivered a joint statement Commitment to Sustainable Transport (hereafter the Rio+20 Commitment). The aim was to draw attention to the critical role that transport plays in sustainable development, and to make clear our commitment to increase support for more sustainable transport in developing countries. 2. Building on our collective history of support for transport, the Rio+20 Commitment outlined our expectation to provide more than $175 billion of loans and grants for transport in developing countries over the coming decade (2012-2022). Increasingly, this funding will support more sustainable transport projects transport that is accessible, affordable, efficient, financially sustainable, environmentally friendly, and safe. 3. In the second year of the Rio+20 Commitment (2013), our eight MDBs approved approximately $25 billion for transport projects. Combined with the $20 billion approved in the first year of our Commitment (2012), we are on target to meet our goal of $175 billion in support for more sustainable transport in developing countries over the ten-year commitment period. 4. This $25 billion in funding represented more than 200 approvals, including: 115 for roads; 39 for urban transport; 24 for rail; 13 for airports; 5 for inland waterway and maritime projects. 5. In addition, more than 90 technical assistance projects were approved. These efforts seek to support policy development, research, and capacity building efforts. 6. The Rio+20 Commitment includes a commitment to report annually on our sustainable transport-related lending. Under a common reporting framework, our institutions have made progress in assessing the sustainability of our transport lending, in economic, social and environmental terms. 7. For 2013, four of our eight MDBs have completed the assessment of the sustainability of their entire transport lending, up from two in the year before. Other MDBs have conducted sustainability assessments for a number of projects, in preparation for wider application in subsequent years. 8. 2015 marks several important milestones in international processes, which are directly relevant to sustainable transport. These include completion of the Post-2015 Development Agenda, the 21st Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, and the Second Global Ministerial Conference on Road Safety to mark the mid-year of the United Nations Decade of Action on Road Safety. Our MDBs, in close coordination with our client countries and development partners, will work further in support of these processes.
A Partnership with Purpose: The Inter-American Development Bank and PepsiCo
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

This publication tells the story of the collaboration between the Inter-American Development Bank, PepsiCo, and the PepsiCo Foundation. At a February 2011 ceremony in Mexico City, a five-year Memorandum of Understanding was signed by IDB President Luis Alberto Moreno and PepsiCo Chairman and CEO Indra Nooyi, laying the groundwork for a partnership that would go on to promote sustainable growth, access to services, and social inclusion for underserved communities. Through this partnership, PepsiCo and the PepsiCo Foundation have leveraged the IDB's technical and financialstrengths to maximize their development impact and achieve scale, while the IDB has leveraged PepsiCo and the PepsiCo Foundation's resources and skills for innovation to enhance its interventions and better serve those most in need.
Joint Report on MDB Climate Finance 2013
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank,   African Development Bank,   Asian Development Bank,   European Bank for Reconstruction and Development,   European Investment Bank,   International Finance Corporation,   World Bank
Published: March 2024

This is the third edition of the joint MDB Report on Climate Finance and the information provided has been expanded to include a better sectoral breakdown, and split by public and private operations. Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) provided USD 23.8 billion in financing in 2013 to address the challenges of climate change and, since 2011, have provided over USD 75 billion in climate finance to developing and emerging economies. Of the total USD 23.8 billion in climate finance, 80%, or USD 18.9 billion, was dedicated to mitigation and 20%, or USD 4.8 billion, to adaptation. Of the total commitments, 9%, or USD 2.2 billion, came from external resources, such as bilateral or multilateral donors, including the Global Environment Facility and the Climate Investment Funds. This report covers finance for mitigation, adaptation and projects with dual adaptation and mitigation benefits. As in previous years, the calculation of mitigation finance is based on a common list of activities at the intersection of what all MDBs consider mitigation. Adaptation finance is calculated using the joint MDB methodology based on a context- and location-specific approach. Data reported in both cases corresponds to the financing of those components and/or sub-components or elements/proportions of projects that providemitigation and/or adaptation benefits (rather than the entire project cost). Some MDBs have different internal accounting approaches for mitigation. In such cases, the volume of each MDB's climate finance mitigation calculated using their internal methodologies is separately reported. The regional coverage for 2013 is quite balanced with two regions (East Asia and Pacific, Non-EU Europe and Central Asia) each receiving roughly 20% of total climate finance provided and four regions (South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and Caribbean, EU New Member States) 10-15% each. In regards to sector coverage, 22% of adaptation finance went to "Coastal and riverine infrastructure (including built flood protection infrastructure)" and 30% to the category comprising "Energy, transport, and other built environment and infrastructure". In mitigation finance, renewable energy still takes by far the largest share, with 25% of the total.
Slum Upgrading and Housing in Latin America
Authors: Acosta Restrepo Patricia , Lonardoni Fernanda , Magalhães Fernanda , Moris Roberto
Published: March 2024

The Latin American and Caribbean region has pursued a variety of policies with respect to slum upgrading and prevention, but the available literature does not provide a description of these experiences and their outcomes. This book examines the policies of three countries in the region, Brazil, Chile, and Colombia, which are notable for the breadth of their policy interventions and their diversity. These three countries have taken different routes but together provide a strong representation of the panoply of choices. The policies share a common feature of emphasizing access to housing of slum residents, but de-emphasizing other key issues related to slums, including fundamental issues of urban development. While this characterization of the region's policies is well known, the design and diversity of the policies that led to these outcomes are not. A key lesson of this book is that there are many methods to upgrade slums by improving the supply of housing for the poor, including slum clearance combined with resettlement and new housing developments without slum clearance. However, by failing to address broader issues that promote the emergence of slums, they may not leave slum residents any better off than they were before.
Sistemas de transferencias subnacionales: Lecciones para una reforma en Colombia: Memorias del seminario internacional: ¿Cómo va el Sistema General de Participaciones?
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

Desde la Constitución Nacional de 1991, el Estado Colombiano profundizó la descentralización política, administrativa y fiscal. El proceso se consolidó con dos reformas integrales a las reglas de las transferencias de recursos entre los distintos niveles de gobierno. El esquema vigente del Sistema General de Participaciones (SGP) tiene un régimen transitorio hasta 2017. La eliminación de la transitoriedad traerá importantes implicancias fiscales tanto para el nivel central como para los gobiernos subnacionales. Este libro analiza la evolución del SGP, al tiempo que recoge experiencias de sistemas de trasferencias de otros países de la región para aportar elementos a la discusión de política pública sobre la descentralización en Colombia y la potencial reforma al sistema de transferencias.
¡A todo pedal!: Guía para construir ciudades ciclo-inclusivas en América Latina y el Caribe
Authors: Westermark Ewa , Lew Sebastian , Madriz Mayra , Terraza Horacio , Ye Qianqian , Uniman David , Taddia Alejandro Pablo , Jones Tyler , Ríos Flores Ramiro Alberto
Published: March 2024

Esta guía se propone brindar un instrumento de conocimiento práctico y accesible que ayude a las ciudades y a sus habitantes a promover mejores condiciones para la movilidad en bicicleta. El objetivo es integrar a la bicicleta en el sistema de la movilidad urbana para que cada vez sean más las personas que la elijan como modo de transporte para ir a sus trabajos, centros educativos u otros destinos. Para ello necesitamos verdaderas ciudades ciclo-inclusivas, que brinden condiciones adecuadas para que las personas de todas las edades y niveles de ingreso puedan desplazarse en bicicleta por la ciudad de manera segura y agradable.
La economía del cambio climático en el Perú: Resultados y conclusiones
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank,   Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
Published: March 2024

Este estudio aborda cómo el cambio climático afectaría la actividad económica nacional, evaluando las potenciales modificaciones en la disponibilidad de los recursos naturales y las actividades productivas más sensibles a cambios en el clima (agricultura, ganadería altoandina, minería, energía hidroeléctrica, turismo y pesca), tanto en términos físicos como sociales. También se analizan dos sectores transversales, la infraestructura y la salud, que son condicionantes para el desempeño productivo. El citado documento es resultado de una investigación a nivel de país basada en la metodología establecida en el Informe Stern (2007). Así, mediante el uso de escenarios y modelos climáticos globales, los impactos económicos del calentamiento global en la economía del Perú se calculan como la diferencia entre el PBI con ausencia y presencia del cambio climático, en un periodo de análisis que se extiende hasta el año 2100. Además de caracterizar los principales impactos sectoriales, se identifican opciones de adaptación y mitigación que contribuyan al desarrollo sostenible del país.
La economía del cambio climático en el Perú: Impactos en el sector pesca
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank,   Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
Published: March 2024

La pesca marítima juega un rol fundamental en el suministro de alimentos, tanto a nivel local como mundial. Los alimentos acuáticos aportan en promedio un 20 por ciento o más de la ingesta de proteínas animales per cápita. El área marina de la costa peruana es una de las más ricas delmundo en términos de biomasa y diversidad, sin embargo está dominada por la producción de una sola especie, la anchoveta peruana. Observaciones empíricas y el uso de modelos climáticos desarrollados por IPCC indican que las temperaturas medias globales han aumentado en los últimos 100 años y se estima que la temperature superficial del mar seguirá aumentando a un ritmo de alrededor de 0,13 °C por década. Este incremento de temperatura repercutirá ampliamente en los ecosistemas. Se han realizado varios estudios relacionados con el impacto del cambio climático sobre la pesca mayormente a nivel global y solo unos pocos estudios modelan los cambios a nivel local o regional. En este informe se reportan los cambios en las capturas de anchoveta, obtenidos usando diferentes escenarios climáticos y la información biológica y oceanográfica disponible. Estos resultados servirán de base para predecir los impactos económicos y proponer algunas medidas de adaptación para el sector pesca.
Empezando por casa: El liderazgo femenino en las entidades de microfinanzas en América Latina y el Caribe
Authors: Burgess Elizabeth , Martínez Mariana , Magnoni Barbara , Carballo Ignacio E. , Hainze Anna
Published: March 2024

Durante los últimos 15 años, el sector de las microfinanzas y las instituciones de microfinanzas (IMF) que lo componen en América Latina y el Caribe (ALC), han pasado por un proceso de maduración progresiva, el cual ha llevado consigo una tendencia hacia la transformación de las ONG y pequeñas entidades financieras hacia modelos más sostenibles, escalables y con un mayor nivel de regulación. Para enfrentar los retos de la enorme demanda de servicios financieros del segmento de bajos ingresos, se han adoptado estrategias, metodologías y prácticas relativamente estandarizadas, muchas de ellas ampliamente utilizadas en la banca. Los nuevos retos de las microfinanzas, sin embargo requieren nuevas ideas y colaboraciones, y es importante que las entidades enfrenten su futuro tomando en cuenta la importancia que tendrá la diferenciación de sus productos y servicios. Antes de diferenciarse hacia fuera, las IMF tendrán que empezar "por la casa", apostando, entre otras cosas, por incrementar la heterogeneidad de suliderazgo e incorporando, nuevas perspectivas e ideas al negocio tradicional de las microfinanzas. Pese a que históricamente la industria de las microfinanzas, ha contado con muchas fundadoras mujeres y ha tenido un enfoque tradicional en la clientele femenina, las mujeres se han quedado atrás de los hombres en el liderazgo de las IMF de la región. Este estudio, financiado por el Fondo Multilateral de Inversiones (FOMIN), miembro del Grupo Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID), con una contribución de la Fundación Calmeadow, recopila datos de 136 instituciones, incluyendo las 85 de las 100 mejores entidades de microfinanzas en ALC, destaca que las mujeres están mucho menos representadas que los hombres en el liderazgo. El presente estudio revela los resultados de una encuesta que abarca 136 IMF de la región, en donde se encontró que solamente el 28% de los gerentes generales (CEO) y el 18% de los presidentes de directorio de las IMF son mujeres. Además, las mujeres solo ocupan el 31% de los puestos de director en las juntas directivas y el 39% de los integrantes de las altas gerencias.
Agricultural Research in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Cross-Country Analysis of Institutions, Investment, and Capacities
Authors: Pérez Sandra , Flaherty Kathleen , Falconi César , Beintema Nienke M. , Stads Gert-Jan
Published: March 2024

This report assesses trends in investments, human resource capacity, andresearch outputs in agricultural R&D -excluding the private (for-profit) sector- in LAC. It is an update of Stads and Beintema (2009), covering a more complete set of countries and focusing primarily on developments during 2006-2012/2013. The analysis draws largely from a set of country factsheets prepared by Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI), which is led by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), using comprehensive datasets derived from primary surveys and additional secondary sources targeting close to 700 agencies in 27 LAC countries.
Revenue Statistics in Latin America and the Caribbean 1990-2015
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank,   Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC),   Inter American Center of Tax Administrations,   Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
Published: March 2024

The Revenue Statistics in Latin America and the Caribbean publication compiles comparable tax revenue statistics for a number of Latin American and Caribbean economies, the majority of which are not OECD member countries. The model is the OECD Revenue Statistics database which is a fundamental reference, backed by a well-established methodology, for OECD member countries. Extending the OECD methodology to Latin American and Caribbean countries enables comparisons about tax levels and tax structures on a consistent basis, both among Latin American and Caribbean economies and between OECD and Latin American and Caribbean economies. This publication is jointly undertaken by the OECD Centre for Tax Policy and Administration, the OECD Development Centre, the Inter-American Center of Tax Administrations (CIAT), the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) and the Inter-American Development bank (IDB).
Broadband Policies for Latin America and the Caribbean: A Digital Economy Toolkit
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank,   Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
Published: March 2024

This joint initiative by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and the OECD seeks to encourage the expansion of broadband networks and services in the region, supporting a coherent and cross-sectorial approach, to maximise their benefits for economic and social development. Drawing on a wealth of experience from LAC and OECD countries, the Toolkit outlines the main policy objectives in this area and provides guidance for their measurement, an overview of developments in the region, and a compilation of good practices in several areas related to broadband policy making. This comprehensive volume encompasses a wealth of areas including digital strategies, regulatory frameworks, spectrum management, competition and infrastructure bottlenecks, broadband access, affordability, sector taxation, inclusion, convergence, regional integration, education, skills, business uptake, entrepreneurship, local content, e-health, digital government, consumer policy, and digital security and privacy.
The 2017 Infrascope: Evaluating the Environment for Public-Private Partnerships in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank,   Economist Intelligence Unit
Published: March 2024

This document is the fifth edition of an informational tool and benchmarking index that assesses the capacity of countries in Latin America and the Caribbean to carry out sustainable public-private partnerships (PPPs) in infrastructure.
Remittances to Latin America and the Caribbean: Goals and Recommendations
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

Efforts by transnational families, money transfer and financial institutions, public authorities, civil society, and international organizations to improve regulatory and institutional frameworks are necessary to unleash the full development potential of remittances.
Managing Migration: The Brazilian Case
Authors: Rios-Neto Eduardo L.G.
Published: March 2024

This paper reviews some basic facts regarding Brazilian immigration and emigration, as well as looking at some policy and legal issues affecting migration management in Brazil. Based on this context, it addresses the issues required for the seminar.