bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Енерго- та ресурсоощадні установки
Authors: Шевчук Степан , Попович Олександр , Бойченко Сергій , Головань Іван , Лістовщик Леонід , Мейта Олександр , Городецький В.Г
Published: December 2024

У підручнику викладено основи теорії турбомашин та принципи влаштування машин і установок для напірного переміщення рідин та газів – нагнітачів, що використовуються в галузях енергетики, видобутку та переробки корисних копалин, транспорту, виробництв нафтогазового комплексу. Наведені інженерні методи розрахунку параметрів і вибору основного електротехнічного обладнання установок, методики їх проєктування та оптимізації експлуатаційних режимів функціонування. Запропонована комплексна методологія проєктування машин і установок за узагальненим показником оцінки їх енерго- та ресурсоощадності на етапах проєктування, монтажу та експлуатації.
Підручник призначений для здобувачів освітнього ступеня “Бакалавр” за спеціальністю 141 - Електроенергетика, електротехніка та електромеханіка, а також буде корисним для ступеня “Магістр”, зокрема, які вивчають освітні компоненти за сертифікатними програмами «Інженерне проектування електротехнічних та мехатронних систем», «Інжиніринг та автоматизація водневих енергетичних систем і технологій», «Інжиніринг та автоматизація паливно-енергетичних систем і біоенергетичних технологій», а також для аспірантів та інженерно-технічних працівників галузей енергетики, енергетичного та галузевого машинобудування
COGNITIVE-PRAGMATIC MOTIVATION OF RECURRENT CONTACT-ESTABLISHING GESTURES IN MULTIMODAL DIALOGUE
Authors:   Institute of Linguistics RAS, Kiose M.I. , Leonteva A.V. ,   Moscow State Linguistic University, Agafonova O.V. ,   Moscow State Linguistic University, Petrov A.A. ,   Moscow State Linguistic University
Published: December 2024

The study elaborates a cognitive-pragmatic approach towards establishing contact manifested in speech, gesture and gaze in expository dialogue. We presume that cognitive dimension of contact-establishing gestures expressed in mimetic schemas underlies the pragmatic dimension demonstrating communicative and interactional potential. To verify the hypothesis, we conduct the multimodal experiment to collect the expository dialogical behavior of participants using contact-establishing gestures. We explored as cognitive coordinates two frequently appearing mimetic schema groups, SHOW in palm-up-open-hand gestures and RESTRAIN in palm-down-open-hand gestures. Communicative potential of gestures is assessed via a contingent speech mode in the communicative moves: Request, Response, Novel and Common Topic elaboration, while interactional potential is explored via contingent gaze behavior in Face-oriented and Face-averted gaze. In terms of communicative potential, the study identifies two communicative moves, Novel and Common Topic elaboration which are significantly more frequently mediated by SHOW schemas. Additionally, we reveal several single mimetic schemas which show different distribution with communicative moves, Request vs. Response, Novel vs. Common Topic elaboration. The interactional potential of mimetic schemas expressed in contact-establishing gestures is revealed in the direction of interaction (Face-oriented vs. Face-averted gaze) and it is higher with SHOW schema group; however, we did not find the differences in single mimetic schemas, which means that irrespective of mimetic schema group, gaze behavior is mostly mediated by the interactive regime of dialogue. Consequently, the results reveal that while communicative potential of contact-establishing gestures is largely dependent on their cognitive nature, the interactional potential is less directly dependent on it, being mediated by the communicative nature of gaze behavior during expository dialogue.
Artificial Intelligence-Driven Translation Tool in Intensive Care Unit (AITIC) for Enhancing Communication and Research
Authors: Bahrami Sahar , Rubulotta Francesca
Published: December 2024

There is a need to improve communication for patients and family members who belong to cultural minority communities in the Intensive Care units (ICU). As a matter of fact, language barriers negatively impact patient safety, family participation in the care of the critically ill patients as well as recruitment in clinical trial. Recent studies indicate that Google translate and ChatGPT are not accurate enough for advanced medical terminology. Therefore, developing and implementing an Artificial Intelligence-driven language translation tool is essential for bridging language barriers. This tool will enable language minority communities to access advanced healthcare facilities and innovative research in a timely and effective manner, ensuring they receive the comprehensive care and information they need. Method: Key factors that facilitate access to advanced health services, in particular ICUs for language minority communities are reviewed. Results: The existing digital communication tools in emergency and the ICU are reviewed. To the best of our knowledge, no Al translation app has been developed for deployment in ICUs. Patient privacy and data confidentiality are other important issues that should be addressed. Conclusions: Developing AITC which uses language models trained with medical/ICU terminology dataset could offer fast and accurate real-time translation. AITIC could support communication, consolidate and expand original research involving language minority communities.
Review of the Potential Mechanism of Ginger in Alleviating Osteoporosis
Authors: Luo Miao , Li Ning , Deng Li , Pei Huan , Wang Funeng , Ma Cong , Yang Pengyi , Wu2 Yueying , Li1,3 Lvyu , Qing2 Dongdong
Published: December 2024

Osteoporosis is a prevalent systemic metabolic disease primarily treated by supplementing calcium and increasing vitamin D intake to promote bone formation over resorption. However, prolonged drug use often leads to resistance and adverse effects. Natural medicines, with their multi-target mechanisms, diverse pathways, and minimal side effects, offer a promising alternative. Among these, ginger—a widely used dual-purpose plant—stands out due to its broad applications and low toxicity. Modern pharmacological studies highlight ginger's antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging properties, yet systematic reports on its role in mitigating osteoporosis are scarce. This review integrates clinical and experimental research, demonstrating that ginger and its active components can enhance bone density. The mechanism likely involves the synergistic regulation of multiple signaling pathways, reduction of oxidative stress, and suppression of inflammatory factor expression. These findings provide a novel perspective on the potential of ginger in preventing and treating osteoporosis.
Influence of Proximal-Cervical Undermined Enamel Areas on Marginal Quality and Enamel Integrity of Laboratory and CAD/CAM Ceramic Inlays and Partial Crowns
Authors: Frankenberger Roland , Friedrich Katharina , Dudek Marie-Christine , Winter Julia , Krämer Norbert , Roggendorf Matthias J.
Published: December 2024

(1) Aim of this in-vitro study was to investigate the handling of proximal-cervical undermined enamel margins on adhesive performance of differently fabricated and differently cemented ceramic inlays and partial crowns (2) Methods: 192 extracted third molars received mod (n=96) and partial crown (n=96) preparations. A mesial 2x2x4 mm cervical groove was created in dentin to simulate a deeper (dentin) caries excavation. This dentin groove was either left (G/groove), filled with composite (F/filling) or completely removed (D/dentin). Labside (e.max Press) and chairside (e.max CAD) inlays and partial crowns were adhesively luted with Syntac/Variolink Esthetic (SV) or Adhese Universal/Variolink Esthetic (AV). Initially, and again after thermomechanical loading (TMB: 1 million cycles at 50 N, 25,000 thermocycles at 5°C/55°C), epoxy replicas were examined for marginal gaps using scanning electron microscopy (200x magnification). Light microscopy (10x magnification) was used to evaluate proximal cervical crack propagation. (3) Results: Regardless of the adhesive system, D groups generally showed significantly lower marginal quality (p<0.05), with the universal adhesive performing better than the multi-step adhesive system (p<0.05). Subgroups G and F were similar in marginal quality (p>0.05) and not worse than the controls (p>0.05) regardless of the adhesive system, but showed less cracking in F than in G (p<0.05). In general, fewer cracks were observed in CAD/CAM restorations than in laboratory-fabricated restorations (p<0.05). Partial crowns showed better marginal quality and less cracking than inlays (p<0.05). (4) Conclusions: If the dentin level is lower than the enamel level in ceramic preparations after caries excavation in the proximal box, the resulting undermined enamel should not be removed.
Appraisal of Fluoride Removal Capability of Al-Fe Oxide-Infused Diatomaceous Earth in a Continuous Flow Fixed-Bed Column
Authors: Izuagie Anthony A. , Gitari Wilson M.
Published: December 2024

This study was carried out to appraise the groundwater fluoride removal effectiveness of Al-Fe oxide-infused diatomaceous earth (DE) in a continuous flow fixed-bed column. The adsorbent was optimally synthesized and then characterized. A glass column designed for the experiment was packed with the test adsorbent at specific doses. The effects of flow rate, influent fluoride concentration and bed height (adsorbent dose) on fluoride removal were evaluated by fixing the value of a parameter while varying the other. The breakthrough volume was the volume of treated water obtained until the concentration of fluoride in treated was 1.5 mg/L, being the World Health Organization (WHO, 2017) maximum limit of fluoride in drinking water. The maximum breakthrough volume obtained in the study was 118.2 mL at the optimum conditions of influent F- concentration = 5 mg/L, 1–g adsorbent giving an initial bed height = 7.5 cm, and flow rate = 1.97 mL/min. Channeling and co-existing anions were limiting factors for the attainment of breakthrough volume for groundwater defluoridation. Further work using granulated adsorbent may probably improve the rigidity of adsorbent and reduce channeling effect.
Humour Detection in Text; Developing an Automated System to Detect Humour in Text Using Machine Learning, Deep Learning and Large Language Models
Authors: Owero-ozeze Precious , Cashmore Claire , Okorie Okechukwu
Published: December 2024

This research investigates the automatic detection of humour. The basic structure of humor consists in the punchline and contextual meaning leading to the joke. Although a joke's pith lies in the punch line, it would be difficult to interpret one that doesn't have enough context. One of the biggest obstacles to humour recognition is that it is subjective. As a result, difficulties arise because it can be difficult to determine whether something should be considered humourous or not. Nonetheless, humour undoubtedly becomes easier to understand when this aspect of everyday communication is incorporated into machines. To investigate the automatic detection of humour, this research was carried out on 200k samples and uses deep learning architecture; RNN(LSTM) in conjunction with two pre-trained embeddings; GLOVE and FASTTEXT, BERT, DistilBERT and a machine learning classifier Naïve Bayes to classify and predict humour. The experimental findings suggest all models are effective for humour detection in text, with BERT achieving the highest accuracy of 97% as a result, explains the importance of contextual approach in detecting humour.
The Optimization of River Network Water Pollution Control Based on Hydrological Connectivity Measures
Authors: Bu Jiuhe , Li Chunhui , Xu Tian , Wang Tao , Da Jinrong , Li Xiaoyun , Chen Hao , Song Weixin , Sun Mengjia
Published: December 2024

Urbanization, driven by socio-economic development, has significantly impacted river ecosystems, particularly in plain city regions, leading to disruptions in river network structure and function. These changes have exacerbated hydrological fluctuations and ecological degradation. This study focuses on the central urban area of Changzhou, using a MIKE11 model to assess the effects of four hydrological connectivity strategies—water diversion scheduling, river connectivity, river dredging, and sluice connectivity—across 13 different scenarios. Results show that water diversion, river dredging, and sluice connectivity scenarios provide the greatest improvements in water environmental capacity, with maximum increases of 54.76%, 41.97%, and 25.62%, respectively. The spatial distribution of improvements reveals significant regional variation, with some areas, particularly in Tianning and Zhonglou districts, experiencing declines in environmental capacity under sluice diversion and river connectivity scenarios. In addition, the Lao Zaogang river is identified as crucial for improving the overall water quality in the network. Based on a multi-objective evaluation combining environmental and economic factors, the study recommends optimizing water diversion scheduling at sluices (Weicun, Zaogang, and Xiaohe) with flow rates between 20-40 m³/s, enhancing connectivity at key river hubs, and focusing management efforts on the Lao Zaogang and Xinmeng rivers to strengthen hydrological and water quality linkages within the network.
Fault Diagnostics of Synchronous Motor-Based on Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Abood Samir , Annamalai Annamalai , Chouikha Mohamed , Nejress Turk
Published: December 2024

Electrical motors and drives are the unseen forces driving our modern world, powering everything from electric vehicles to industrial machinery. The efficiency, precision, and sustainability of these systems are very important. Unexpected motor failures can cause major disruptions, risk human lives, and cause costly downtime. This research aims to improve the efficiency and performance of three-phase synchronous machines using Artificial Intelligence (AI) strategies. This research uses real-time data and optimization techniques to explore advanced diagnostic techniques, fault diagnosis, fault tolerance, and condition monitoring schemes to enhance safety, reliability, and performance in electric synchronous operations.
A Review of Deep Learning Applications in Intrusion Detection Systems: Overcoming Challenges in Spatiotemporal Feature Extraction and Data Imbalance
Authors: Zhang Ya , Muniyandi Ravie Chandren , Qamar Faizan
Published: December 2024

In the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) and large-scale distributed networks, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) face significant challenges in handling complex spatiotemporal features and addressing data imbalance issues. This article systematically reviews recent advancements in applying deep learning techniques in IDS, focusing on the core challenges of spatiotemporal feature extraction and data imbalance. First, this article analyzes the spatiotemporal dependencies of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) in network traffic feature extraction and examines the main methods these models use to solve this problem. Next, the impact of data imbalance on IDS performance is explored, and the effectiveness of various data augmentation and handling techniques, including Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and resampling methods, in improving the detection of minority class attacks is assessed. Finally, the paper highlights the current research gaps and proposes future research directions to optimize deep learning models further to enhance the detection capabilities and robustness of IDS in complex network environments. This review provides researchers with a comprehensive perspective, helping them identify the challenges in the current field and laying a foundation for future research efforts.
Enhanced Properties of Cryptomeria japonica from the Azores Through Heat-Treatment
Authors: Esteves Bruno , Nunes Lina , Lopes Rogério , Cruz-Lopes Luísa
Published: December 2024

This study evaluates the chemical, physical, mechanical, and biological properties of untreated and heat-treated Cryptomeria japonica wood from the Azores, Portugal. Heat treatment was performed at 212°C for 2 hours following the Thermo-D class protocol. Chemical analysis revealed an increase in ethanol extractives and lignin content after heat treatment, attributed to hemicellulose degradation and condensation reactions. Dimensional stability improved significantly, as indicated by reduced swelling coefficients and higher anti-swelling efficiency (ASE), particularly in the tangential direction. Heat-treated wood demonstrated reduced water absorption and increased density, enhancing its suitability for applications requiring dimensional stability. Mechanical tests showed a decrease in bending strength by 19.6% but an increase in the modulus of elasticity (MOE) by 49%, reflecting changes in the wood's structural integrity. Surface analysis revealed significant color changes, with darkening, reddening and yellowing, aligning with trends observed in other heat-treated woods. Biological durability tests indicated that both untreated and treated samples were susceptible to subterranean termite attack, although heat-treated wood exhibited a higher termite mortality rate, suggesting potential long-term advantages. This study highlights the impact of heat treatment on Cryptomeria japonica wood, emphasizing its potential for enhanced stability and durability in various applications.
Enhancing HDAC Inhibitors Screening: Addressing Zinc Parameterization and Ligand Protonation in Docking Studies
Authors: Buccheri Rocco , Coco Alessandro , Pasquinucci Lorella , Amata Emanuele , Marrazzo Agostino , Rescifina Antonio
Published: December 2024

Precise binding free energy predictions for ligands targeting metalloproteins, especially zinc-containing histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes, require specialized computational approaches due to the unique interactions at metal-binding sites. This study evaluated a docking algorithm optimized for zinc coordination to determine whether it could accurately differentiate between protonated and deprotonated states of hydroxamic acid ligands, a key functional group in HDAC inhibitors. By systematically analyzing both protonation states, we sought to identify which state produced docking poses and binding energy estimates most closely aligned with experimental values. The docking algorithm was applied across HDAC 2, 4, and 8, comparing protonated and deprotonated ligand correlations to experimental data. Results demonstrated that the deprotonated state consistently yielded stronger correlations with experimental data, with R² values for deprotonated ligands outperforming protonated counterparts in all HDAC targets (average R2 = 0.80 compared to the protonated form where R2 = 0.67). These findings emphasize the significance of proper ligand protonation in molecular docking studies of zinc-binding enzymes, particularly HDACs, and suggest that deprotonation enhances predictive accuracy. The study’s methodology provides a robust foundation for improved virtual screening protocols to evaluate large ligand libraries efficiently. This approach supports the streamlined discovery of high-affinity, zinc-binding HDAC inhibitors, advancing therapeutic exploration of metalloprotein targets. A comprehensive, step-by-step tutorial has been provided to facilitate a thorough understanding of the methodology and enable reproducibility of the results.
Assessing Pedestrian-Friendly Infrastructure: A Walkability Index Analysis of Kalaburagi Railway Station and Its Surroundings
Authors: C Sharanabasappa , Punaker Anwar , Kolekar Shreedhar , Degoan Prerana , Mitte Sudarshan
Published: December 2024

The study focuses on analyzing the Walkability Index of Kalaburagi Railway Station’s surrounding area, experiences significant pedestrian activity. This research employs the Walkability Index as a framework to assess the safety, comfort, and convenience of walking in specific areas. The objective of the study extends beyond merely quantifying walkability; it also seeks to pinpoint critical areas that require enhancement, thereby offering practical recommendations for urban planners and policymakers to improve pedestrian infrastructure. The calculation of the Walkability Index utilized the "Ministry of Urban Development (MOUD) Method," which is particularly applicable to the Indian context. The analysis determined that the walkability score for the vicinity of Kalaburagi railway station is 0.389, reflecting moderate walking conditions. Nonetheless, various challenges remain, including narrow, congested, and obstructed sidewalks, the current safety provisions are inadequate; rendering pedestrians susceptible to various potential dangers that detract from the overall pedestrian experience. The study underscores the importance of addressing these challenges to foster a more pedestrian-friendly environment. Improving walkability can facilitate sustainable and healthy transportation alternatives, alleviate traffic congestion and pollution, and enhance safety. The results offer a comparative framework for assessing other cities and developing strategies to prioritize walkability in urban planning.
EGFR Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells-Derived Exosomal miR-651-5p Induces CD8+ T Cell Apoptosis via Downregulating BCL2 Expression
Authors: Zhao Chao , Cheng Lei , Li Aiwu , Wang Haowei , Li Xuefei , Xu Jun
Published: December 2024

Background: The efficacy of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) or ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients is not satisfactory. Studies have indicated that the ratio of CD8+ tumor infiltration lymphocytes (TILs) was associated with immunotherapy efficacy, however, it was significantly lower in EGFR mutant than wild-type patients. The underlying mechanisms need to be studied. Methods: Database analysis, clinical specimens, small RNA sequencing, and single-cell sequencing were used to analyze miRNA expression and immune cell infiltration. Cell co-culture and flow cytometry were conducted to detect immune cell apoptosis. The mouse model was performed to analyze the influence of miR-651-5p antagomir on the tumor microenvironment. Results: The miR-651-5p was found to be highly expressed in EGFR mutant lung adenocarcinoma cell-derived exosomes which could promote CD8+ T cell apoptosis, while miR-651-5p inhibitor decreased the ratio of PC9 secreted exosomes induced apoptosis. Mechanistically, the EGFR signaling pathway promoted the expression of miR-651-5p by activating the transcription factor FOS in EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. BCL2 was identified as the target of miR-651-5p, and miR-651-5p could promote T cell apoptosis by inhibiting BCL2 expression. Besides, miR-651-5p antagomir increased T cells infiltration and enhanced the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitor treating EGFR mutant lung adenocarcinoma in a humanized mouse model. Conclusions: EGFR mutant lung adenocarcinoma promotes T cell apoptosis through exosomal miR-651-5p. miR-651-5p antagonists increase immune cell infiltration and enhance the anti-tumor effect of PD-1 inhibitor, suggesting a potential mechanism to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in this group.
Development, Current Status and Remaining Challenges for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines
Authors: Anastassopoulou Cleo , Medić Snežana , Ferous Stefanos , Boufidou Fotini , Tsakris Athanasios
Published: December 2024

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes significant morbidity and mortality, especially in young children and the elderly. RSV vaccine development puzzled vaccinologists for years. Safety concerns of initial formulations, the lack of an absolute correlate of protection, as well as the need for selection of appropriate virus attenuation and antigen-adjuvant combination, contributed to delayed vaccine production. The recent stabilization of the RSV-F glycoprotein in the prefusion (preF) conformation that constitutes the primary target of RSV-neutralizing antibodies, was key for efficient vaccine design. Two protein subunit (GSK’s Arexvy and Pfizer’s Abrysvo) and one mRNA RSV vaccine (Moderna’s mRESVIA) are now available. RSV vaccines are approved for the prevention of RSV-lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) in adults 60 years of age and older, with updated recommendations calling for the expansion of vaccination to all adults at increased risk for severe RSV disease. Abrysvo is the only vaccine indicated for use in pregnancy to prevent RSV-LRTD in infants from birth through 6 months of age. We provide a comparative assessment of the efficacy of approved RSV vaccines over a maximum of three seasons, summarizing currently available data. Despite the decreasing vaccine efficacy over time, which should be anticipated for a virus that is characterized by short-term immunity, efficacy was clinically meaningful over placebo. However, due to the recent vaccination approval, RSV vaccine efficacy data, particularly in specific subpopulations not represented in pivotal clinical trials, are lacking. Ongoing vaccine surveillance and further evaluation, particularly among immunocompromised patients, frail elderly subjects and young infants, is necessary. As in the success story of combined pediatric vaccines, combination vaccines, conferring protection against several respiratory illnesses in one dose, could help improve vaccine acceptance and coverage rates in older adults.
Base-Load Nuclear Reactors for Fully Dispatchable Electricity: Nuclear Air-Brayton Combined Cycles, Firebrick Heat Storage, Hydrogen Storage and Hydrocarbon Bio-Fuels
Authors: Forsberg Charles
Published: December 2024

We describe three partly-coupled integrated nuclear energy systems enabling base-load nuclear reactors to provide fully dispatchable electricity without greenhouse-gas emissions—replacing gas turbines burning natural gas and batteries storing electricity. First, electricity-to-high-temperature (1800˚C) gigawatt-hour firebrick heat storage converts low-price electricity to high-temperature stored heat to provide dispatchable heat for industry and power generation. Second, Nuclear Air-Brayton Combined Cycles (NACC) with thermodynamic toping cycles using high-temperature stored heat or combustible fuel provide dispatchable electricity. Peak power output can be 2 to 5 times base-load electricity production. The heat-to-electricity efficiency of the thermodynamic topping cycles exceeds 70%. Third, nuclear hydrogen production for industrial markets enables production of dispatchable electricity where hydrogen is used for energy storage but not for the production of heat and electricity. Base-load nuclear reactors send electricity to the grid and/or electrolyzers for hydrogen production depending upon electricity prices. Low-cost hydrogen storage enables meeting steady-state industrial hydrogen demand while hydrogen and grid electricity production are varied. Hydrogen production for industrial uses (ammonia fertilizer, direct reduction of iron ore to iron replacing coke, cellulosic liquid hydrocarbon biofuels replacing crude oil) may exceed 20% of total energy demand. Consequently, this option may become a major source of dispatchable electricity.
Examining Socio-Cultural Influences on Breastfeeding Attitudes Among Syrian and Hungarian Female Students
Authors: Kamsheh Manar Al , Bornemissza Krisztina Antónia , Zimonyi-Bakó Alexandra Vivien , Feith Helga Judit
Published: December 2024

Breastfeeding in Syria is fraught with many challenges due to the ongoing war. In Hungary, recent statistics show that exclusive breastfeeding is significantly lower than the recommendation of the World Health Organization. Understanding the perspectives of educated young ladies is crucial for discovering the difficulties of breastfeeding practices within Syrian and Hungarian societies. This study explores the socio-cultural factors and their impact on breastfeeding behaviours among female students in Syria and Hungary. A comprehensive, multi-section questionnaire was administered to 317 students from Damascus University and 303 from Hungarian universities, designed to assess breastfeeding behaviours evaluated through The Breastfeeding Behaviour Questionnaire (BBQ). The results in both societies showed remarkable awareness and understanding among participants regarding breastfeeding. Traditions and religion affect Syrian society more than Hungarian society; the two societies have restricted responses toward breastfeeding in public and different reactions to breastfeeding in front of males or females. Most students disagree with preferring formula feeding to breastfeeding when it is related to the family or the husband’s desire only. At the same time, agreement with choosing the bottle when the mother returns to work instead of exclusively breastfeeding is valued differently in the two societies. This study shows essential socio-cultural factors influencing breastfeeding attitudes among Syrian and Hungarian female students, highlighting the need for culturally suitable strategies to improve breastfeeding practices in both countries.
Innovative PLM Methodology Framework for Bionics with Built-in Reverse Biomimetics for Innovative Product Development: From Inception to Proof-of-Concept and Clinical Validation of Large-Scale, Human Skeletal Systems
Authors: Alemzadeh Kazem
Published: December 2024

This study uses bionics as an enabling methodology to bridge the gap between biology and engineering for generating innovative design and implementation into a methodology to develop novel technologies. The study proposes an innovative product lifecycle management (PLM) methodology framework that uses bionics as a technical discipline, aiming at analysing and revealing the constructional design and working principles of large-scale, human skeletal biological systems in nature. A novel, reverse biomimetics approach presented as the key engineering factor to maintain design and manufacturing anthropomorphic properties necessary for scientists and engineers with associated methods and processes using commercial software for investigating, analysing, and illustrating different stages of product development. The novel reverse engineering methodology addresses the abstraction issues in two-phase, double symmetrical abstraction-specification cycles which have been identified as the most difficult steps in Fayemi’s eight-step framework. The novel methodology uses functional modelling to support analogy categories with pictorial and virtual knowledge transfer from biology to engineering, removing the limitations of the biomimetic processes facing engineering. The study presents comprehensive processes of bionic design and biomimetic modelling, simulation, optimisation and validation techniques necessary for a drug-releasing chewing robot and an anthropometric prosthetic hand.
Investigating the Measurement Precision of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) for Cognitive Screening in Parkinson's Disease Through Item Response Theory
Authors: Brandão Pedro Renato de Paula , Pereira Danilo Assis , Koshimoto Brenda Hanae Bentes , Borges Vanderci , Ferraz Henrique Ballalai , Schumacher-Schuh Artur Francisco , Rieder Carlos Roberto de Mello , Olchik Maira Rozenfeld , Mata Ignacio F. , Tumas Vitor , Santos-Lobato Bruno Lopes
Published: December 2024

Background: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is widely used to evaluate global cognitive function in older Brazilian adults. However, concerns persist regarding its applicability in non-homogeneous socio-demographic groups. This study scrutinizes the Brazilian version of the MoCA, focusing on its measurement properties in a diverse cohort of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).
Purpose: This study examined the psychometric properties of the Brazilian Portuguese MoCA in a heterogeneous sample of PD patients using item response theory (IRT) methods.
Material and Methods: In a multicenter cross-sectional study, 484 PD patients aged 26-90 years (mean ± SD, 59.9 ± 11.1 years), with disease durations ranging from 1 to 35 years (mean ± SD, 8.7 ± 5.4 years), underwent MoCA testing. IRT analyses, including the Graded Response Model, evaluated item parameters, such as difficulty (location) and discrimination. Differential item functioning was analyzed vis-à-vis age and education using multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) modeling.
Results: The MoCA exhibited essential unidimensionality and satisfactory model fit. Attention and naming demonstrated high discrimination. Orientation and naming items were less challenging. Multiple domains showed differential item functioning related to age and education, underscoring the necessity of considering background characteristics when interpreting total scores.
Conclusion: This study enriches validity evidence for the MoCA in PD by providing a detailed analysis of its measurement properties and sources of score bias. Tailoring test content and norms based on education and establishing computerized scoring algorithms leveraging item parameters may optimize the tool’s reliability and fairness. Refinements to mitigate differential item functioning could enable precise cognitive screening across diverse socio-demographic backgrounds.
Extraction, Isolation, and TEMPO-NaBr Oxidation Modification of Cellulose from Coffee Grounds
Authors: Ouhammou Mourad , Mourak Abdelah , Ait karra Aziz Ait , Jaouad Abderahim , Elhadiri Najat , Mahrouz Mostafa
Published: December 2024

Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world. It is grown in more than 70 countries, with Brazil and Colombia being the two leading global producers. The average coffee consumer drinks three cups per day. Contrary to common belief, coffee contains vitamins and minerals, as well as antioxidant compounds such as caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and other phenolic acids, including lignans, which are converted into enterolignans by intestinal bacteria before entering the bloodstream. Lignans act as antioxidants and are thought to be associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases and certain cancers in humans. Coffee also contains diterpenoid alcohols, such as cafestol and kahweol, carbohydrates, including approximately 30% polysaccharides (both soluble and insoluble), and sugars like arabinose, fructose, glucose, and sucrose. It also contains proteins (around 10%), water, and cellulose, which is its most abundant structural component.
Cellulose is the most abundant material on Earth, and its interest and applications in various fields drive its extraction. These include native cellulose (cotton), the transformation of cellulose into sheets (paper and filter paper), cupric cellulose, zinc cellulose (industrial applications), and the functionalization of cellulosic materials in the fields of printed electronics, textiles, processing, medicine, and the food industry.
The objective of this study is the extraction of cellulose in multiple stages from coffee grounds and its valorization through oxidation using the TEMPO oxidant. The oxidation targets the alcohol groups in the cellulose contained within the carbohydrates. The main goal is to convert the hy-droxyl groups into carboxyl groups (-COOH) or to introduce other oxygenated functionalities onto the cellulose chain. This approach has attracted considerable interest in recent years, partly due to the interesting characteristics of these oxidized polysaccharides, as well as the potential to further chemically modify the oxidized polysaccharide substrate using a wide range of products, including esterifications and amidations. The aim is to chemically modify cellulose, starting with oxidation and followed by amidation of the carboxyl groups thus formed.
Concurrent Genetic Disorders in Gaucher Disease: Insights into Complex Phenotypes, Genetic Modifiers, and Targeted Therapies
Authors: Saith Armaan , Ruan Jiapeng , Ain Noor Ul , Kasaiyan Maniya , Jain Dhanpat , Israel Gary , Mehta Sameet , Bamford Nigel S. , Nair Shiny , Mistry Pramod K.
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Gaucher disease (GD) is characterized by significant phenotypic heterogeneity, even among patients with identical GBA1 genotypes, suggesting the role of genetic and/or epigenetic modifiers. The enzymatic defect and pathological accumulation of glucosylceramide (GlcCer) lead to chronic metabolic inflammation, potentially interacting with other biological pathways to influence disease expression. Methods: This study leveraged one of the world’s most deeply phenotyped cohorts of GD patients, drawn from a major tertiary referral center, with prolonged longitudinal follow-up. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was conducted on 275 extensively characterized patients, focusing on those exhibiting complex phenotypes. Results: Eighteen patients (6.5%) presented with atypical manifestations not fully explained by GD. WES revealed additional genetic diagnoses, including hereditary hemochromatosis (n=5), Familial Mediterranean Fever (n=4), homozygous MSH6 mutation-associated hereditary cancer predisposition (n=2), and others. These concurrent genetic diseases can modify GD presentation and complicate clinical management. Conclusions: This work underscores the importance of recognizing complex phenotypes in GD, identifying modifier genes, and informing precision medicine strategies for improved patient outcomes.
Experiences in Assessing the Impact of Circular Economy Interventions in Agrifood Systems – a Review
Authors: Hermans Thirze , Beintema Nienke , Brazao Vieira Alho Carlos , van der Poel Mark
Published: December 2024

The circular economy (CE) offers a promising model for sustainable resource management, yet assessing its performance remains challenging. In agrifood systems, circularity can enhance resource efficiency, reduce waste, and support food security, but few studies have examined CE implementation in this unique context, highlighting a need for tailored assessment tools. This study aims to provide insights and recommendations for advancing CE interventions and their performance assessment within agrifood systems. We conducted a realist literature review to examine the approaches and dimensions used, followed by a discussion on insights from agrifood system assessments to help address identified knowledge gaps. Our review highlighted a significant lack of widely accepted methodologies and metrics for performance evaluation. Most existing frameworks focus narrowly on technical or environmental dimensions, with few tools addressing multiple aspects. This trend is likely due to the predominance of lab-based research, underscoring the need for a stronger emphasis on social assessments in real-world contexts. We identify three key aspects to improve CE intervention assessments: i) using systems approaches to highlight multiple dimensions and their interactions; ii) considering scale and local adaptability for context-specific performance metrics; and iii) involving stakeholders in the assessment process to ensure practicality and facilitate improvement.
Akash Convolution Distribution with Applications
Authors: Firinguetti-Limone Luis , Olmos Neveka M. , Venegas Osvaldo , Gómez Héctor W.
Published: December 2024

In this article, we propose a new distribution based on the convolution of two independent Akash (AK) random variables with the same parameter, which we call the Akash convolution (AKC) distribution. We study its density and some basic properties, and perform parameter estimation using the methods of moments and maximum likelihood (ML), along with the Fisher information. We evaluate the performance of the ML estimator through a simulation study. Additionally, we present two applications with real data, demonstrating a better performance of the AKC distribution compared to two other distributions.
Screening of Pharmaceuticals in Surface Waters from Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Nibamureke Uwineza Marie Clémentine , Barnhoorn Irene Ellen Jane
Published: December 2024

Pharmaceutical pollution of surface waters has emerged as a significant environmental health concern worldwide. In this study, we investigated the presence and concentration of pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments within Vhembe District Municipality, South Africa. To achieve this, grab samples of water were collected from various locations across the Thulamela Local Municipality, encompassing rivers, streams, and dams. A targeted solid-phase extraction method with ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLCQTOF) was used to screen, detect, and quantify 99 pharmaceutical compounds in the collected water samples. The findings revealed the presence of a range of pharmaceutical compounds, including the antiretrovirals nevirapine and lopinavir, the anticonvulsant/anti-epileptic carbamazepine, and the analgesic and antipyretic acetaminophen. The central nervous system stimulant caffeine was also detected in various water bodies across the region. The presence and concentrations of the pharmaceuticals varied across different water bodies, with nevirapine present at nine sites out of 21 (up to 166 ng/L), lopinavir at two sites (up to 42 ng/L), carbamazepine at one site (21 ng/L) and acetaminophen at two sites with the highest concentration of 427 ng/L. Caffeine was present at 15 sites (up to 975 ng/L). This study provides valuable insights into pharmaceutical pollution in surface water resources from one of South Africa's rural areas, Vhembe District Municipality in Limpopo Province.
Theoretical Analysis and Modelling of LNG Reforming to Hydrogen Marine Fuel for FLNG Applications
Authors: Chan We Lin , Tam Ivan C. K. , Dev Arun
Published: December 2024

The LNG maritime industry started to anticipate offshore LNG production in tandem with increasing demand for FLNG platforms as offshore gas resources were developed further. The rapid expansion of FLNG deployment demands equipment and procedures that handle challenges associated with weight and space constraints. The chemical composition of LNG will result in slightly less CO2 emissions. While not significant, another crucial aspect is that LNG predominantly comprises methane, acknowledged as a greenhouse gas and is more harmful than CO2.
This requires investigation into clean energy fuel supply for power generation systems, carbon emissions from the process, and thermodynamic analysis and optimization. Focus on supplying fuel for FLNG power generation to reduce the essential management of boil-off fuel gas, which can be researched on the direct reforming method of hydrogen as a marine fuel gas to support the power generation system.
The principal reason for choosing hydrogen over other energy sources is its exceptional energy-to-mass ratio (H/C ratio). The most effective method for hydrogen production is the methane reforming process, which is recognized for generating significant quantities of hydrogen. To optimize the small-scale plant with a carbon capture system (CCS) as an integrated reforming process to produce green hydrogen fuel with zero carbon emissions, this research selection focuses on two alternative processes: steam methane reforming (SMR) and autothermal reforming (ATR).
Furthermore, the research article will contribute to other floating production platforms, such as FPSOs and FSRUs, and will be committed to clean energy policies that mandate the support of green alternatives in substitution of hydrocarbon fuel utilization.
Detection and Control of Mycotoxins in Food Products: Current Trends and Challenges
Authors: Maurya Urwashi
Published: December 2024

Mycotoxins, the invisible yet potent toxins produced by fungi like Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium, represent a serious threat to food safety worldwide. These microscopic contaminants silently infiltrate grains, fruits, nuts, and dairy, wreaking havoc on both human and animal health, with long-term consequences such as cancer, liver damage, and immune suppression. The economic impact is equally devastating, affecting crop yields, livestock health, and trade. This review explores the diverse types of mycotoxins, from carcinogenic aflatoxins to hormone-disrupting zearalenone, and examines the latest detection technologies—from traditional chromatography to cutting-edge biosensors. It also delves into control strategies, from pre-harvest crop management to innovative biological interventions. As challenges persist in ensuring food safety, the article highlights emerging solutions driven by AI, nanotechnology, and molecular methods, offering hope for a future where food safety is no longer a risk but a global standard.
Prediction of Bladder Outlet Obstruction in Male Patients with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Based on Symptom Scores and Noninvasive Office-Based Diagnostic Tools
Authors: Liu Min-Ching , Jiang Yuan-Hong , Kuo Hann-Chorng
Published: December 2024

Purpose: To investigate predictive values of combining symptom scores, prostatic parameters, uroflowmetry parameters, intravesical prostatic protrusion, and prostatic urethral angle for the establishment of a bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) risk score for diagnosing BOO in men with lower urinary tract symptoms.

Materials and Methods: A total of 355 men with lower urinary tract symptoms were enrolled and divided into a training set (N = 285) and validation set (N = 70). Videourodynamic studies were used to diagnose lower urinary tract dysfunction subtypes, which were subdivided into a non-BOO and BOO group, which included bladder neck dysfunction and benign prostate obstruction. The parameters were categorized as 0, 1, 2, or 3 according to their cutoff value regarding the specificity of predicting BOO. The BOO risk score was constructed by summing scores of seven variables of symptoms and prostate and uroflowmetry parameters. The area under the curve (AUC) was used to select appropriate cutoff values for predicting lower urinary tract dysfunctions.

Results: Among the 355 men examined, 234 (65.9%) had BOO, including 136 (38.3%) with bladder neck dysfunction and 98 (27.6%) with benign prostate obstruction. Other lower urinary tract dysfunctions included detrusor overactivity in 37 (10.4%), dysfunctional voiding in 28 (7.9%), poor relaxation of external sphincter in 26 (7.3%), detrusor underactivity in 14 (3.9%), stable bladder in 9 (2.5%), and hypersensitive bladder in 7 (2%). With the summation of the BOO risk scores from each variable, a BOO risk score of ≥10 could yield a sensitivity of 0.822 and specificity of 0.656 for benign prostate obstruction in the training set [AUC = 0.800 (0.741–0.859)] and a sensitivity of 0.80 and specificity of 0.64 in the validation set [AUC = 0.813 (0.701–0.925)].

Conclusions: With office-based diagnostic tools, including symptom scores and uroflowmetry and prostate parameters, a BOO risk score was established. A BOO risk score of ≥10 can predict the presence of benign prostate obstruction in >80% of men with lower urinary tract symptoms.