bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frequencies of the Common Mefv Gene Mutations in Adiyaman, Southeast Anatolia, Turkey
Authors: Korkmaz D. T. , Atak P. G. , Çelik Ç.
Published: April 2015

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by fever and serosal inflammation. The reasons for the disorder are mutations in the Mediterranean fever (MEFV) gene; the most common of which are M694V, M680I, M694I and V726A. In this study, we aimed to screen these common mutations of the MEFV gene and then determine the prevalence of FMF according to these mutations in Adıyaman, Southeast Anatolia, Turkey. Seven hundred and sixty-seven healthy individuals from the region of Adıyaman participated in the study. Polymerase chain reaction-amplification refractory mutation system (PCR-ARMS) methods were used to determine the common mutations of the MEFV gene. Twenty-six (3.9%) individuals had only one mutation in the MEFV gene, 25 individuals were heterozygous and one person was homozygous for the V726A mutation (0.15%). In the present study, the V726A mutation (50.0%) was the most frequent, followed by M694V (38.5%), M680I (7.7%) and M694I (3.8%). It was seen that the carrier rate was very low and the prevalence of FMF was 0.15%, according to the common mutations of the MEFV gene in Adıyaman, Southeast Anatolia, Turkey.
The Reliability Firing Tests of the Special Ammunition for 98 Mm Mortar M-98 / Badania Niezawodnościowe Amunicji Specjalnej Do 98 Mm Moździerza M-98
Authors: Magier Mariusz , Ruliński Piotr
Published: April 2015

In this paper, we present the constructions and reliability firing tests of the special ammunition for M-98 mortar. The research and development works was being carried out as part of the projects No. 347 / BO/B and 348 / BO/B. Qualification firing tests was carried out in 2009 on the training ground in Nowa Dęba. Cartridges with the smoke projectile are intended for filling the area with smoke, indicating targets, protection of the maneuvers of own troops. Cartridges with the illuminating projectile are intended for lighting the area and indicating targets. Reliability firing tests was carried in November 2014 on the training ground in Nowa Dęba
Research Access Barriers as Reputational Risk Management: A Case Study of Censorship in Corrections
Authors: Watson Tara Marie
Published: April 2015

Many criminal justice organizations, including the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC), grant research access through their own research branches. I attempted to interview CSC employees for research about programming and policy in relation to in-prison substance abuse, but access was denied. I have turned my experience into a case study, where I treat my correspondence with CSC as a unique source of data. Although access-denied case studies have appeared in the literature on conducting prison research, I apply a novel lens, reputational risk management, to expand the conceptual toolkit for future researchers. I also use interview data from a sample of 16 participants – former CSC senior administrative officials, former CSC front line staff, and external stakeholders – to supplement my analysis. The case study and interviews reveal new insights regarding access barriers, censorship, and the insular character of CSC research. These restrictions can lead to adverse consequences such as the (re)production of limited knowledge about corrections and the curtailment of innovative solutions to problems. I thus encourage researchers to further refine the application of reputational risk to criminal justice settings and to be persistent in their efforts to access correctional organizations.
Comparative Study of Three Different Personal Response Systems with Fourth-Year Undergraduate Veterinary Students
Authors: Duret Denis , Senior Avril
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this study was to compare three different Personal Response Systems that have been used in recent years at the School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool: a technology-free system (Communicubes), a handset delivery device (TurningPoint), and a cloud-based technology (Poll Everywhere) that allows students to use a range of personal computing devices to register their answer. All three systems offer a method to promote active learning, and lecturers were encouraged to use them. However, there are cost and logistical implications for each. The authors found that both staff and students did have particular preferences for a specific system. This preference was not the same for both groups. The outcome of the comparison is that further research is needed into cloud-based technology as it offers benefits to the students but is also a distraction.
Microsurgical anatomy of the inferior limiting insular sulcus and the temporal stem
Authors: Ribas Eduardo Carvalhal , Yagmurlu Kaan , Wen Hung Tzu , Rhoton Albert L.
Published: April 2015

OBJECT

The purpose of this study was to describe the location of each white matter pathway in the area between the inferior limiting insular sulcus (ILS) and temporal horn that may be crossed in approaches through the temporal stem to the medial temporal lobe.

METHODS

The fiber tracts in 14 adult cadaveric cerebral hemispheres were examined using the Klingler technique. The fiber dissections were completed in a stepwise manner, identifying each white matter pathway in different planes and describing its position in relation to the anterior end of the ILS.

RESULTS

The short-association fibers from the extreme capsule, which continue toward the operculae, are the most superficial subcortical layer deep to the ILS. The external capsule fibers are found deeper at an intermediate layer and are formed by the uncinate fasciculus, inferior frontooccipital fasciculus, and claustrocortical fibers in a sequential anteroposterior disposition. The anterior commissure forms the next deeper layer, and the optic radiations in the sublenticular part of the internal capsule represent the deepest layer. The uncinate fasciculus is found deep to the anterior third of the ILS, whereas the inferior frontooccipital fasciculus and optic radiations are found superficial and deep, respectively, at the posterior two-thirds of this length.

CONCLUSIONS

The authors' findings suggest that in the transsylvian approach, a 6-mm incision beginning just posterior to the limen insula through the ILS will cross the uncinate fasciculus but not the inferior frontooccipital fasciculus or optic radiations, but that longer incisions carry a risk to language and visual functions.
Vascular consequences of operculoinsular corticectomy for refractory epilepsy
Authors: Finet Patrice , Nguyen Dang Khoa , Bouthillier Alain
Published: April 2015

OBJECT

Surgery in the insular region is considered challenging because of its vascular relationships, the proximity of functional structures, and its deep location in the sylvian fissure. The authors report the incidence and consequences of ischemic lesions after operculoinsular corticectomy for refractory epilepsy.

METHODS

The authors retrospectively reviewed the data of all patients who underwent an insular resection with or without an opercular resection for refractory epilepsy at their center. All patients underwent postoperative MRI, enabling a radiological analysis of the ischemic lesions as a result of the corticectomies. The resections were classified according to the location and extent of the insular corticectomy and the type of operculectomy. Each patient underwent clinical follow-up.

RESULTS

Twenty patients underwent surgery. All patients underwent insular corticectomy with or without an operculectomy. Ischemic lesions were identified in 12 patients (60%). In these patients, 11 ischemic lesions (55%) were related to the insular corticectomy, and 1 was related to the associated periinsular resection. The ischemic lesions associated with the insulectomies were typically located in the corona radiata running from the insula to the periventricular region. Nine patients (45%) developed a postoperative neurological deficit, among whom 6 (67%) had an insular corticectomy–related ischemic lesion. All reported neurological deficits were transient. Five patients (25%) had ischemic lesions without neurological deficit.

CONCLUSIONS

Operculoinsular corticectomies are associated with ischemic lesions in approximately 60% of patients. However, given that no patient had a definitive postoperative deficit, these ischemic lesions have few clinical consequences. Therefore, this surgical procedure can be considered reasonably safe for the treatment of refractory epilepsy.
Apoplexy of pituitary adenomas: the perfect storm
Authors: Oldfield Edward H. , Merrill Marsha J.
Published: April 2015

OBJECT

Pituitary adenomas occasionally undergo infarction, apoplexy, which often destroys much of the tumor. It is well known that apoplexy can be precipitated by several acute factors, including cardiac surgery, other types of surgery, trauma, insulin infusion, and stimulation with administration of hypothalamic releasing factors.

METHODS

The prior focus on mechanisms underlying pituitary apoplexy has been on these acute events. Less attention has been given to the endogenous features of pituitary tumors that make them susceptible to spontaneous infarction, despite that most pituitary apoplexy occurs in the absence of a recognized precipitating event. The authors examine intrinsic features of pituitary adenomas that render them vulnerable to apoplexy—features such as high metabolic demand, paucity of angiogenesis, and sparse vascularity, qualities that have previously not been linked with apoplexy—and argue that it is these features of adenomas that underlie their susceptibility to spontaneous infarction. The sensitivity of freshly cultured pituitary adenomas to hypoglycemia is assessed.

RESULTS

Adenomas have high metabolic demand, limited angiogenesis, and reduced vessel density compared with the normal gland. Pituitary adenoma cells do not survive in the presence of reduced or absent concentrations of glucose.

CONCLUSIONS

The authors propose that the frequent ischemic infarction of pituitary adenomas is the product of intrinsic features of these tumors. These endogenous qualities create a tenuous balance between high metabolic demand and marginal tissue perfusion. Thus, the tumor is vulnerable to spontaneous infarction or to acute ischemia by any event that acutely alters the balance between tumor perfusion and tumor metabolism, events such as acute systemic hypotension, abruptly decreased supply of nutrients, hypoglycemia with insulin administration, or increase in the tumor's metabolic demand due to administration of hypothalamic releasing factors. It may be possible to take advantage of these intrinsic features of pituitary adenomas by using aspects of this vulnerability for development of new approaches for treatment.
Cerebrospinal fluid reconstitution via a perfusion-based cadaveric model: feasibility study demonstrating surgical simulation of neuroendoscopic procedures
Authors: Winer Jesse L. , Kramer Daniel R. , Robison Richard A. , Ohiorhenuan Ifije , Minneti Michael , Giannotta Steven , Zada Gabriel
Published: April 2015

Cadaveric surgical simulation carries the advantage of realistic anatomy and haptic feedback but has been historically difficult to model for intraventricular approaches given the need for active flow of CSF. This feasibility study was designed to simulate intraventricular neuroendoscopic approaches and techniques by reconstituting natural CSF flow in a cadaveric model. In 10 fresh human cadavers, a simple cervical laminectomy and dural opening were made, and a 12-gauge arterial catheter was introduced. Saline was continuously perfused at physiological CSF pressures to reconstitute the subarachnoid space and ventricles. A neuroendoscope was subsequently inserted via a standard right frontal bur hole. In 8 of the 10 cadavers, adequate reconstitution and endoscopic access of the lateral and third ventricles were achieved. In 2 cadavers, ventricular access was not feasible, perhaps because of a small ventricle size and/or deteriorated tissue quality. In all 8 cadavers with successful CSF flow reconstitution and endoscopic access, identifying the foramen of Monro was possible, as was performing septum pellucidotomy and endoscopic third ventriculostomy. Furthermore, navigation of the cerebral aqueduct, fourth ventricle, prepontine cistern, and suprasellar cistern via the lamina terminalis was possible, providing a complementary educational paradigm for resident education that cannot typically be performed in live surgery. Surgical simulation plays a critical and increasingly prominent role in surgical education, particularly for techniques with steep learning curves including intraventricular neuroendoscopic procedures. This novel model provides feasible and realistic surgical simulation of neuroendoscopic intraventricular procedures and approaches.
Osteoporosis in acute fractures of the cervical spine: the role of opportunistic CT screening
Authors: Emohare Osa , Dittmer Alison , Morgan Robert A. , Switzer Julie A. , Polly David W.
Published: April 2015

OBJECT

Recently published data make it possible to generate estimates of bone mineral density (BMD) by using CT attenuation; this innovation can save time and reduce costs. Although advanced age is associated with reduced BMD, especially in patients with a fracture of C-2, relatively few patients ever undergo formal dual x-ray absorptiometry studies. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to assess the utility of this technique in elucidating BMD in patients with an acute fracture of the cervical spine.

METHODS

Patients who presented to a Level I trauma center with an acute fracture of the cervical spine and underwent abdominal (or L-1) CT scanning either at admission or in the 6 months before or after the injury were evaluated. Using a picture-archiving and communication system, the authors generated regions of interest of similar size in the body of L-1 (excluding the cortex) and computed mean values for CT attenuation. The values derived were compared with threshold values, which differentiate between osteoporotic and nonosteoporotic states; age-stratified groups were also compared.

RESULTS

Of the 91 patients whose data were reviewed, 51 were < 65 years old (mean 43.2 years) and 40 were ≥ 65 years old (mean 80.9 years). The overall mean CT attenuation values (in Hounsfield units [HU]), stratified according to age, were 193.85 HU for the younger cohort and 117.39 HU for the older cohort; the result of a comparison between these two values was significant (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Using opportunistic CT scanning, this study demonstrates the relative frequency of osteoporosis in acute fractures of the cervical spine. It also objectively correlates overall BMD with the known higher frequency of C-2 fractures in older patients. This technique harnesses the presence of opportunistic CT scans of the abdomen, which potentially reduces the need for the extra time and cost that may be associated with dual x-ray absorptiometry scanning.
Application of xCELLigence RTCA Biosensor Technology for Revealing the Profile and Window of Drug Responsiveness in Real Time
Authors: Kho Dan , MacDonald Christa , Johnson Rebecca , Unsworth Charles , O'Carroll Simon , Mez Elyce , Angel Catherine , Graham E.
Published: April 2015

The xCELLigence technology is a real-time cellular biosensor, which measures the net adhesion of cells to high-density gold electrode arrays printed on custom-designed E-plates. The strength of cellular adhesion is influenced by a myriad of factors that include cell type, cell viability, growth, migration, spreading and proliferation. We therefore hypothesised that xCELLigence biosensor technology would provide a valuable platform for the measurement of drug responses in a multitude of different experimental, clinical or pharmacological contexts. In this manuscript, we demonstrate how xCELLigence technology has been invaluable in the identification of (1) not only if cells respond to a particular drug, but (2) the window of drug responsiveness. The latter aspect is often left to educated guess work in classical end-point assays, whereas biosensor technology reveals the temporal profile of the response in real time, which enables both acute responses and longer term responses to be profiled within the same assay. In our experience, the xCELLigence biosensor technology is suitable for highly targeted drug assessment and also low to medium throughput drug screening, which produces high content temporal data in real time.
An International Assessment of Mangrove Management: Incorporation in Integrated Coastal Zone Management
Authors: Carter Haille , Schmidt Steffen , Hirons Amy
Published: April 2015

Due to increasing recognition of the benefits provided by mangrove ecosystems, protection policies have emerged under both wetland and forestry programs. However, little consistency remains among these programs and inadequate coordination exists among sectors of government. With approximately 123 countries containing mangroves, the need for global management of these ecosystems is crucial to sustain the industries (i.e., fisheries, timber, and tourism) and coastal communities that mangroves support and protect. To determine the most effective form of mangrove management, this review examines management guidelines, particularly those associated with Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM). Five case studies were reviewed to further explore the fundamentals of mangrove management. The management methodologies of two developed nations as well as three developing nations were assessed to encompass comprehensive influences on mangrove management, such as socioeconomics, politics, and land-use regulations. Based on this review, successful mangrove management will require a blend of forestry, wetland, and ICZM programs in addition to the cooperation of all levels of government. Legally binding policies, particularly at the international level, will be essential to successful mangrove management, which must include the preservation of existing mangrove habitat and restoration of damaged mangroves.
Growth Hormone Therapy in Adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome
Authors: Vogt Karen , Emerick Jill
Published: April 2015

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is characterized by hyperphagia, obesity if food intake is not strictly controlled, abnormal body composition with decreased lean body mass and increased fat mass, decreased basal metabolic rate, short stature, low muscle tone, cognitive disability, and hypogonadism. In addition to improvements in linear growth, the benefits of growth hormone therapy on body composition and motor function in children with PWS are well established. Evidence is now emerging on the benefits of growth hormone therapy in adults with PWS. This review summarizes the current literature on growth hormone status and the use of growth hormone therapy in adults with PWS. The benefits of growth hormone therapy on body composition, muscle strength, exercise capacity, certain measures of sleep-disordered breathing, metabolic parameters, quality of life, and cognition are covered in detail along with potential adverse effects and guidelines for initiating and monitoring therapy.
Multi-Objective Optimization Design for a Hybrid Energy System Using the Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Ko Myeong , Kim Yong , Chung Min , Jeon Hung
Published: April 2015

To secure a stable energy supply and bring renewable energy to buildings within a reasonable cost range, a hybrid energy system (HES) that integrates both fossil fuel energy systems (FFESs) and new and renewable energy systems (NRESs) needs to be designed and applied. This paper presents a methodology to optimize a HES consisting of three types of NRESs and six types of FFESs while simultaneously minimizing life cycle cost (LCC), maximizing penetration of renewable energy and minimizing annual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. An elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm is utilized for multi-objective optimization. As an example, we have designed the optimal configuration and sizing for a HES in an elementary school. The evolution of Pareto-optimal solutions according to the variation in the economic, technical and environmental objective functions through generations is discussed. The pair wise trade-offs among the three objectives are also examined.
Decisive Interactions between the Heterocyclic Moiety and the Cluster Observed in Polyoxometalate-Surfactant Hybrid Crystals
Authors: Otobe Saki , Fujioka Natsumi , Hirano Takuro , Ishikawa Eri , Naruke Haruo , Fujio Katsuhiko , Ito Takeru
Published: April 2015

Inorganic-organic hybrid crystals were successfully obtained as single crystals by using polyoxotungstate anion and cationic dodecylpyridazinium (C12pda) and dodecylpyridinium (C12py) surfactants. The decatungstate (W10) anion was used as the inorganic component, and the crystal structures were compared. In the crystal comprising C12pda (C12pda-W10), the heterocyclic moiety directly interacted with W10, which contributed to a build-up of the crystal structure. On the other hand, the crystal consisting of C12py (C12py-W10) had similar crystal packing and molecular arrangement to those in the W10 crystal hybridized with other pyridinium surfactants. These results indicate the significance of the heterocyclic moiety of the surfactant to construct hybrid crystals with polyoxometalate anions.
Potential Biological Applications of Bio-Based Anacardic Acids and Their Derivatives
Authors: Hamad Fatma , Mubofu Egid
Published: April 2015

Cashew nut shells (CNS), which are agro wastes from cashew nut processing factories, have proven to be among the most versatile bio-based renewable materials in the search for functional materials and chemicals from renewable resources. CNS are produced in the cashew nut processing process as waste, but they contain cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) up to about 30–35 wt. % of the nut shell weight depending on the method of extraction. CNSL is a mixture of anacardic acid, cardanol, cardol, and methyl cardol, and the structures of these phenols offer opportunities for the development of diverse products. For anacardic acid, the combination of phenolic, carboxylic, and a 15-carbon alkyl side chain functional group makes it attractive in biological applications or as a synthon for the synthesis of a multitude of bioactive compounds. Anacardic acid, which is about 65% of a CNSL mixture, can be extracted from the agro waste. This shows that CNS waste can be used to extract useful chemicals and thus provide alternative green sources of chemicals, apart from relying only on the otherwise declining petroleum based sources. This paper reviews the potential of anacardic acids and their semi-synthetic derivatives for antibacterial, antitumor, and antioxidant activities. The review focuses on natural anacardic acids from CNS and other plants and their semi-synthetic derivatives as possible lead compounds in medicine. In addition, the use of anacardic acid as a starting material for the synthesis of various biologically active compounds and complexes is reported.
Accumulation of GD1α Ganglioside in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells Expressing ST6GalNAc V
Authors: Vandermeersch Sandy , Vanbeselaere Jorick , Delannoy Clément , Drolez Aurore , Mysiorek Caroline , Guérardel Yann , Delannoy Philippe , Julien Sylvain
Published: April 2015

α-Series gangliosides define a particular sub-class of glycosphingolipids containing sialic acid α2,6-linked to GalNAc residue that was isolated as a minor compound from the brain. The sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc V was cloned from mouse brain and showed α2,6-sialyltransferase activity almost exclusively for GM1b, to form GD1α and is considered as the main enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of α-series gangliosides. Recently, ST6GALNAC5 was identified as one of the genes over-expressed in breast cancer cell populations selected for their ability to produce brain metastasis. However, the capacity of human breast cancer cells to produce α-series gangliosides has never been clearly demonstrated. Here, we show by stable transfection and MS-MS analysis of total glycosphingolipids that ST6GALNAC5 expressing MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells accumulate GD1α ganglioside (IV3Neu5Ac1, III6Neu5Ac1Gg4-Cer).
Sensitivity Enhancement for Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors by Four Wave Mixing
Authors: Du Jiangbing , Li Lu , Fan Xinyu , Liu Qingwen , He Zuyuan
Published: April 2015

All-optical signal processing based on four wave mixing (FWM) in a highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) to enhance the sensitivity of a fiber sensor is demonstrated and comprehensively reviewed in this paper. The principle is based on the frequency chirp magnification (FCM) by FWM. Degenerated FWM, cascaded two-stage FWM and pump-pulsed FWM with optical parametric amplification (OPA) are experimentally utilized for magnifying the frequency chirp. By using the pump pulse modulation to increase the peak power, OPA can be induced with the use of a dispersion-optimized HNLF. Therefore, ultra-highly efficient FWM can be realized due to the high peak power and OPA. By using the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) laser as the FWM pump, the wavelength drift of the FBG can thus be magnified due to the FCM. We obtain a sensing performance of 13.3 pm/με strain sensitivity and 141.2 pm/°C temperature sensitivity for a conventional FBG, which has an intrinsic strain sensitivity of only ~1 pm/με and an intrinsic temperature sensitivity of only ~10 pm/°C, respectively.
Optimization of Capacitive Acoustic Resonant Sensor Using Numerical Simulation and Design of Experiment
Authors: Haque Rubaiyet , Loussert Christophe , Sergent Michelle , Benaben Patrick , Boddaert Xavier
Published: April 2015

Optimization of the acoustic resonant sensor requires a clear understanding of how the output responses of the sensor are affected by the variation of different factors. During this work, output responses of a capacitive acoustic transducer, such as membrane displacement, quality factor, and capacitance variation, are considered to evaluate the sensor design. The six device parameters taken into consideration are membrane radius, backplate radius, cavity height, air gap, membrane tension, and membrane thickness. The effects of factors on the output responses of the transducer are investigated using an integrated methodology that combines numerical simulation and design of experiments (DOE). A series of numerical experiments are conducted to obtain output responses for different combinations of device parameters using finite element methods (FEM). Response surface method is used to identify the significant factors and to develop the empirical models for the output responses. Finally, these results are utilized to calculate the optimum device parameters using multi-criteria optimization with desirability function. Thereafter, the validating experiments are designed and deployed using the numerical simulation to crosscheck the responses.
Determination of Zinc, Cadmium and Lead Bioavailability in Contaminated Soils at the Single-Cell Level by a Combination of Whole-Cell Biosensors and Flow Cytometry
Authors: Hurdebise Quentin , Tarayre Cédric , Fischer Christophe , Colinet Gilles , Hiligsmann Serge , Delvigne Frank
Published: April 2015

Zinc, lead and cadmium are metallic trace elements (MTEs) that are widespread in the environment and tend to accumulate in soils because of their low mobility and non-degradability. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the applicability of biosensors as tools able to provide data about the bioavailability of such MTEs in contaminated soils. Here, we tested the genetically-engineered strain Escherichia coli pPZntAgfp as a biosensor applicable to the detection of zinc, lead and cadmium by the biosynthesis of green fluorescent protein (GFP) accumulating inside the cells. Flow cytometry was used to investigate the fluorescence induced by the MTEs. A curvilinear response to zinc between 0 and 25 mg/L and another curvilinear response to cadmium between 0 and 1.5 mg/L were highlighted in liquid media, while lead did not produce exploitable results. The response relating to a Zn2+/Cd2+ ratio of 10 was further investigated. In these conditions, E. coli pPZntAgfp responded to cadmium only. Several contaminated soils with a Zn2+/Cd2+ ratio of 10 were analyzed with the biosensor, and the metallic concentrations were also measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Our results showed that E. coli pPZntAgfp could be used as a monitoring tool for contaminated soils being processed.
An Ultrasonic Sensor System Based on a Two-Dimensional State Method for Highway Vehicle Violation Detection Applications
Authors: Liu Jun , Han Jiuqiang , Lv Hongqiang , Li Bing
Published: April 2015

With the continuing growth of highway construction and vehicle use expansion all over the world, highway vehicle traffic rule violation (TRV) detection has become more and more important so as to avoid traffic accidents and injuries in intelligent transportation systems (ITS) and vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). Since very few works have contributed to solve the TRV detection problem by moving vehicle measurements and surveillance devices, this paper develops a novel parallel ultrasonic sensor system that can be used to identify the TRV behavior of a host vehicle in real-time. Then a two-dimensional state method is proposed, utilizing the spacial state and time sequential states from the data of two parallel ultrasonic sensors to detect and count the highway vehicle violations. Finally, the theoretical TRV identification probability is analyzed, and actual experiments are conducted on different highway segments with various driving speeds, which indicates that the identification accuracy of the proposed method can reach about 90.97%.
Territorial Analysis of the Agricultural Terraced Landscapes of Tuscany (Italy): Preliminary Results
Authors: Agnoletti Mauro , Conti Leonardo , Frezza Lorenza , Santoro Antonio
Published: April 2015

Terraced areas have existed in Italy since ancient times, and they continue to be characteristic elements of the cultural identity of the country. The progressive abandonment of rural areas and farmland that began in the 1960s has led to the disintegration and disappearance of many terraces, representing one of the problems connected with the deterioration of the historic Tuscan agricultural landscape. This research aims to provide a contribution to the territorial analysis of the agricultural terraced landscapes at a regional scale. The preliminary phase of the study involved setting up a working method in Geographic Information System (GIS) for the quantitative definition of the population. Afterwards, for the territorial analysis at a more detailed scale, a method was devised to identify the areas of greater significance in terms of a terracing intensity index. The final results concerned considerations on the distribution of the terraced landscapes and analyses related to land use and the main environmental parameters of the most representative terraced systems.
Characterization of nanostructured ZnO thin films deposited through vacuum evaporation
Authors: Alvarado Jose Alberto , Maldonado Arturo , Juarez Héctor , Pacio Mauricio , Perez Rene
Published: April 2015

This work presents a novel technique to deposit ZnO thin films through a metal vacuum evaporation technique using colloidal nanoparticles (average size of 30 nm), which were synthesized by our research group, as source. These thin films had a thickness between 45 and 123 nm as measured by profilometry. XRD patterns of the deposited thin films were obtained. According to the HRSEM micrographs worm-shaped nanostructures are observed in samples annealed at 600 °C and this characteristic disappears as the annealing temperature increases. The films obtained were annealed from 25 to 1000 °C, showing a gradual increase in transmittance spectra up to 85%. The optical band gaps obtained for these films are about 3.22 eV. The PL measurement shows an emission in the red and in the violet region and there is a correlation with the annealing process.
L’ amoris officium à l’égard des prêtres et évêques d’âge avancé
Authors: Bamberg Anne
Published: April 2015

Partant de documents récents sur le ministère épiscopal, l’étude traite des responsabilités de l’évêque diocésain à l’égard des prêtres et évêques âgés. Les questions de subsistance et de protection sociale étant situées dans le contexte à la fois de l’Église particulière et universelle, il apparaît que les problèmes liés au grand âge exigent solidarité et créativité pour arriver à promouvoir la « bien-traitance » des clercs avancés en âge. Une lecture généreuse des canons et textes normatifs s’impose tout particulièrement à l’exercice de la charité pastorale pour l’évêque émérite.
La Prophétie des Psaumes selon saint Augustin
Authors: Fabre Véronique
Published: April 2015

Le Psautier est, pour Augustin, prophétie de l’union du Christ et de l’Église. L’article cherche à percevoir la signification théologique de ce statut prophétique, en examinant de près l’interprétation augustinienne du verset liminaire du livre (Ps 1,1), déjà représentative de la façon dont l’évêque d’Hippone commente les psaumes. Les prophéties psalmiques du Christ et de l’Église déjà accomplies par le Christ en sa Pâque, restent pour nous des prophéties. En effet, le temps de l’Église, entre accomplissement et attente, est celui du déploiement de l’intimité du Christ-époux et de l’Église-épouse, du Christ-tête et de l’Église-corps.
SciPro Matching: ICT Support to Start a Quality Thesis
Authors: Hansson Henrik , Moberg Jan , Peiris Colombage Ranil
Published: April 2015

This article focuses on how to empower the initiation stage in the thesis supervision process with information and communication technology. Starting a large number of theses with available resources based on creative ideas is a challenging task. Another challenge is to connect student’s theses with industry's interests. The SciPro ICT support system for thesis supervision was developed over a five-year period. The most important task in the thesis initiation stage is matching students, supervisors, and ideas. Business partners and administrative staff are other stakeholders who should interact in this process. Although the choice of an idea is the responsibility of students, and seems simple, it in fact requires a series of academic and administrative support processes. There is a lack of IT systems specifically address thesis supervision, especially the initiation stage. The SciPro system was constructed to bridge this gap. The initiation stage is the foundation of a quality thesis, and it highly affects the quality of a thesis. The research approach was based on a design science method. Prototyping, testing, demonstrations, and user evaluations were conducted throughout. Data collection methods for user evaluations included interviews, observations, focus-group discussions, and log data. This paper presents the SciPro IT system, which was developed to support the start of quality theses. This system adds value, saves time and increases the quality of the thesis initiation stage. The process implemented rewards supervisors and students by providing a high degree of freedom, control, and selection of relevant topics. It enables both automatic processes for previously time-consuming work and qualified manual operations which can be controlled by administrators according to their needs. SciPro can also be used to improve industry-university collaboration on thesis production.International Journal on Advances in ICT for Emerging Regions 2014 07 (03)DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/icter.v7i3.7158
The Role and Effects of Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper in the Context of Inflammation Resolution
Authors: Vago Juliana P. , Tavares Luciana P. , Garcia Cristiana C. , Lima Kátia M. , Perucci Luiza O. , Vieira Érica L. , Nogueira Camila R. C. , Soriani Frederico M. , Martins Joilson O. , Silva Patrícia M. R. , Gomes Karina B. , Pinho Vanessa , Bruscoli Stefano , Riccardi Carlo , Beaulieu Elaine , Morand Eric F. , Teixeira Mauro M. , Sousa Lirlândia P.
Published: April 2015

Glucocorticoid (GC)-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) has been shown to mediate or mimic several actions of GC. This study assessed the role of GILZ in self-resolving and GC-induced resolution of neutrophilic inflammation induced by LPS in mice. GILZ expression was increased during the resolution phase of LPS-induced pleurisy, especially in macrophages with resolving phenotypes. Pretreating LPS-injected mice with trans-activator of transcription peptide (TAT)–GILZ, a cell-permeable GILZ fusion protein, shortened resolution intervals and improved resolution indices. Therapeutic administration of TAT-GILZ induced inflammation resolution, decreased cytokine levels, and promoted caspase-dependent neutrophil apoptosis. TAT-GILZ also modulated the activation of the survival-controlling proteins ERK1/2, NF-κB and Mcl-1. GILZ deficiency was associated with an early increase of annexin A1 (AnxA1) and did not modify the course of neutrophil influx induced by LPS. Dexamethasone treatment resolved inflammation and induced GILZ expression that was dependent on AnxA1. Dexamethasone-induced resolution was not altered in GILZ−/− mice due to compensatory expression and action of AnxA1. Our results show that therapeutic administration of GILZ efficiently induces a proapoptotic program that promotes resolution of neutrophilic inflammation induced by LPS. Alternatively, a lack of endogenous GILZ during the resolution of inflammation is compensated by AnxA1 overexpression.
Intestinal Epithelial TLR-4 Activation Is Required for the Development of Acute Lung Injury after Trauma/Hemorrhagic Shock via the Release of HMGB1 from the Gut
Authors: Sodhi Chhinder P. , Jia Hongpeng , Yamaguchi Yukihiro , Lu Peng , Good Misty , Egan Charlotte , Ozolek John , Zhu Xiaorong , Billiar Timothy R. , Hackam David J.
Published: April 2015

The mechanisms that lead to the development of remote lung injury after trauma remain unknown, although a central role for the gut in the induction of lung injury has been postulated. We hypothesized that the development of remote lung injury after trauma/hemorrhagic shock requires activation of TLR4 in the intestinal epithelium, and we sought to determine the mechanisms involved. We show that trauma/hemorrhagic shock caused lung injury in wild-type mice, but not in mice that lack TLR4 in the intestinal epithelium, confirming the importance of intestinal TLR4 activation in the process. Activation of intestinal TLR4 after trauma led to increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, enterocyte apoptosis, and the release of circulating HMGB1, whereas inhibition of ER stress attenuated apoptosis, reduced circulating HMGB1, and decreased lung injury severity. Neutralization of circulating HMGB1 led to reduced severity of lung injury after trauma, and mice that lack HMGB1 in the intestinal epithelium were protected from the development of lung injury, confirming the importance of the intestine as the source of HMGB1, whose release of HMGB1 induced a rapid protein kinase C ζ–mediated internalization of surface tight junctions in the pulmonary epithelium. Strikingly, the use of a novel small-molecule TLR4 inhibitor reduced intestinal ER stress, decreased circulating HMGB1, and preserved lung architecture after trauma. Thus, intestinal epithelial TLR4 activation leads to HMGB1 release from the gut and the development of lung injury, whereas strategies that block upstream TLR4 signaling may offer pulmonary protective strategies after trauma.
Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 Confers BRG1 Dependency on the CIITA Locus
Authors: Abou El Hassan Mohamed , Yu Tao , Song Lan , Bremner Rod
Published: April 2015

CIITA (or MHC2TA) coordinates constitutive and IFN-γ–induced expression of MHC class II genes. IFN-γ responsiveness of CIITA requires BRG1 (SMARCA4), the ATPase engine of the chromatin remodeling SWI/SNF complex (also called BAF). SWI/SNF is defective in many human cancers, providing a mechanism to explain IFN-γ resistance. BRG1 dependency is mediated through remote elements. Short CIITA reporters lacking these elements respond to IFN-γ, even in BRG1-deficient cells, suggesting that BRG1 counters a remote repressive influence. The nature of this distal repressor is unknown, but it would represent a valuable therapeutic target to reactivate IFN-γ responsiveness in cancer. In this article, we show that the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) components EZH2 and SUZ12, as well as the associated histone mark H3K27me3, are codetected at interenhancer regions across the CIITA locus. IFN-γ caused a BRG1-dependent reduction in H3K27me3, associated with nucleosome displacement. SUZ12 knockdown restored IFN-γ responsiveness in BRG1-null cells, and it mimicked the ability of BRG1 to induce active histone modifications (H3K27ac, H3K4me) at the −50-kb enhancer. Thus, PRC2 confers BRG1 dependency on the CIITA locus. Our data suggest that, in addition to its known roles in promoting stemness and proliferation, PRC2 may inhibit immune surveillance, and it could be targeted to reactivate CIITA expression in SWI/SNF deficient cancers.
A survey of the causes of cattle organs and/or carcass condemnation, financial losses and magnitude of foetal wastage at an abattoir in Dodoma, Tanzania
Authors: Tembo Wilfred , Nonga Hezron E.
Published: April 2015

Slaughterhouses provide a safeguard that prevents the public from consuming meat of poor quality or meat which may be infected with zoonotic diseases. This work reviews a 3-year database of cattle that were slaughtered and inspected between 2010 and 2012 at Dodoma abattoir, Tanzania. In addition, meat inspection was undertaken for 1 month (December 2013). The aim of this study was to establish causes of organ and carcass condemnations and their financial implications as well as the magnitude of slaughter of pregnant cows at Dodoma abattoir. During retrospective study, it was found that a total of 9015 (10.5%) lungs, 6276 (7.3%) intestines, 5402 (6.3%) livers, 3291 (3.8%) kidneys and 41 (0.05%) carcasses were condemned. Pulmonary emphysema (3.4%), fasciolosis (4.5%), pimply gut (5.7%), kidney congenital cysts (1.9%) and hydatidosis (3.1%) were major causes of organ condemnations. This large number of condemned edible organs and/or carcasses implies that public health considerations result in deprivation of valuable protein. Occurrence of hydatidosis, cysticercosis, fasciolosis and tuberculosis illustrates the possible public health problem and presence of environmental infections. Of the 794 cows slaughtered in December 2013, 46% were pregnant. Financial loss as a result of organ and/or carcass condemnations was estimated at $9892. Condemnation of organs and/or carcasses and indiscriminate slaughter of pregnant cows represent a significant loss of meat and revenue and a reduction in growth of future herds, which has a negative effect on the livestock industry. This justifies appropriate surveillance and disease control programmes coupled with strict enforcement of legislation governing animal welfare to curb the slaughter of pregnant animals.
Comparative study of Mirs’(Mushtaq and Shabir) technique of prepuce preserving minimally invasive urethroplasty with Snodgrass urethroplasty for repair of distal hypospadias without chordee…A prospective study
Authors: Mir Mushtaq , Mir Shabir Ahmad , Shahdhar Muddassir , Wani Mumtazdin , Moheen Hakim Adil , Bhat Jahangeer Ahmad
Published: April 2015

Background: There is no single, universally applicable technique for hypospadias repair and numerous techniques have been practised from time to time. We compare the results of our new technique (Mirs’ technique also called Mush & Shab’s technique) to Snodgross urethroplasty. Mirs’ technique is a modified version of Thiersch-Duplay urethroplasty. Material and Methods: This prospective comparative study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital of Northern India over a period of 3 years from March 2010 to March 2013 and included 120 patients of anterior (distal penile, subcoronal, coronal and glanular) hypospadias without chordee. They underwent either Mirs’ technique (group 1 n = 60) or Snodgrass technique (group 2 n = 60). Follow-up was at 1-week, 1-month, 3 months and 6 months. Results: The mean operative time was 55 min (range: 43-70 min) in group 1 and 71.9 min (range: 60-81 min) in group 2 (P & 0.001). Urethrocutaneous fistula developed in two and four patients in group 1 and 2, respectively. Fistula closure was done at least 3 months postoperatively, and there was no significant difference in success rate between the two groups. Three cases of glanular dehiscence were detected (one in group 1 and two in group 2); the patient from group 1 had a successful repair using the already preserved prepuce. Conclusion: Mirs’ modification of Thiersch-Duplay technique for distal hypospadias is a time saving procedure with a lower overall complication rate. Valuable local tissue is preserved to deal with any complication that may occur. Analgesic requirement was significantly lower in this minimally traumatic technique. As it is less time consuming, simple and easy to learn with a short learning curve, this technique deserves application in cases of distal hypospadias.
Innovative technique: Distal venous cannulation for salvaging free flap venous thrombosis by heparinised saline irrigation
Authors: Kalra G. D. S. , Mohanty Devidutta , Jain Ritesh
Published: April 2015

Introduction: Successful free tissue transfer depends on a multitude of factors, and adequate drainage of venous blood is one of the most critical part of successful free tissue transfers. Material and Methods: We report 6 cases of microvascular free flaps used for covering various defects, which developed venous congestion, that were salvaged with heparinised saline irrigation through the distal end of the congested vein by the help of an intravenous cannula. The irrigation was continued for 5 days. Results: All the flaps were successfully salvaged. Conclusion: This method has potential applications in situations for successful salvage of free tissue transfer particularly due to venous thrombosis.
Evaluation of the GEM-AQ model in the context of the AQMEII Phase 1 project
Authors: Struzewska J. , Zdunek M. , Kaminski J. W. , Łobocki L. , Porebska M. , Jefimow M. , Gawuc L.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. In the scope of the AQMEII Phase 1 project the GEM-AQ model was run over Europe for the year 2006. The modelling domain was defined using a global variable resolution grid with a rotated equator and uniform resolution of 0.2° × 0.2° over the European continent. Spatial distribution and temporal variability of the GEM-AQ model results were analysed for surface ozone and PM10 concentrations. Model results were compared with measurements available in the ENSEMBLE database. Statistical measures were used to evaluate performance of the GEM-AQ model. The mean bias error, the mean absolute gross error and the Pearson correlation coefficient were calculated for the maximum 8 h running average ozone concentrations and daily mean PM10 concentrations. The GEM-AQ model performance was characterized for station types, European climatic regions and seasons. The best performance for ozone was obtained at suburban stations, and the worst performance was obtained for rural stations where the model tends to underestimate. The best results for PM10 were calculated for urban stations, while over most of Europe concentrations at rural sites were too high. Discrepancies between modelled and observed concentrations were discussed in the context of emission data uncertainty as well as the impact of large-scale dynamics and circulation of air masses. Presented analyses suggest that interpretation of modelling results is enhanced when regional climate characteristics are taken into consideration.