bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aspergillus-Specific IgG Antibodies are Associated With Fungal-Related Complications and Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction After Lung Transplantation
Authors: Beeckmans Hanne , Van Roy Elfri , Kaes Janne , Sacreas Annelore , Geudens Vincent , Vermaut Astrid , Willems Lynn , Jin Xin , Bos Saskia , Vanstapel Arno , Van Slambrouck Jan , Orlitova Michaela , Vanaudenaerde Bart , Ceulemans Laurens J. , Van Raemdonck Dirk , Neyrinck Arne P. , Godinas Laurent , Dupont Lieven J. , Verleden Geert M. , Vos Robin
Published: February 2023

Fungal exposure and sensitization negatively affect outcomes in various respiratory diseases, however, the effect of fungal sensitization in lung transplant (LTx) recipients is still unknown. We performed a retrospective cohort study of prospectively collected data on circulating fungal specific IgG/IgE antibodies, and their correlation with fungal isolation, chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) and overall survival after LTx. 311 patients transplanted between 2014 and 2019 were included. Patients with elevated Aspergillus fumigatus or Aspergillus flavus IgG (10%) had more mold and Aspergillus species isolation (p = 0.0068 and p = 0.0047). Aspergillus fumigatus IgG was specifically associated with Aspergillus fumigatus isolation in the previous or consecutive year (AUC 0.60, p = 0.004 and AUC 0.63, p = 0.022, respectively). Elevated Aspergillus fumigatus or Aspergillus flavus IgG was associated with CLAD (p = 0.0355), but not with death. Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus or Aspergillus niger IgE was elevated in 19.3% of patients, but not associated with fungal isolation, CLAD or death. Mold isolation and Aspergillus species isolation from respiratory cultures were associated with CLAD occurrence (p = 0.0011 and p = 0.0005, respectively), and Aspergillus species isolation was also associated with impaired survival (p = 0.0424). Fungus-specific IgG could be useful in long-term follow-up post-LTx, as a non-invasive marker for fungal exposure, and thus a diagnostic tool for identifying patients at risk for fungal-related complications and CLAD.
Research on the Residual Vibration Suppression of Delta Robots Based on the Dual-Modal Input Shaping Method
Authors: Guo Zhongfeng , Zhang Jianqiang , Zhang Peisen
Published: February 2023

The Delta robot is a high-speed and high-precision parallel robot. When it is in function, the end effector generates residual vibration, which reduces the repeat positioning accuracy and positioning efficiency. The input shaping method has previously been shown to suppress the residual vibration of the robot, but the vibration suppression effect of the single-modal input shaper is not good for the delta robot, which has multiple dominant modes for the residual vibration. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an effective method for residual vibration suppression of Delta robots based on dual-modal input shaping technology. Firstly, the modal analysis of the Delta robot is performed using finite element software, and the dominant modal of its residual vibration is determined. Secondly, six dual-modal input shapers are designed according to the obtained modal parameters. Finally, Simulink is used for simulation analysis to verify the robustness and vibration suppression performance of the designed six dual-modal input shapers and traditional single-modal input shapers. The simulation results show that the designed ZVD-EI dual-modal input shaper has good robustness, can effectively suppress the residual vibration of the Delta robot, and can effectively improve the repetitive positioning accuracy and work efficiency of the Delta robot when it is running at high speed.
A Novel Ultra-Low Power Consumption Electromagnetic Actuator Based on Potential Magnetic Energy: Theoretical and Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Albertos-Cabanas M. , Lopez-Pascual D. , Valiente-Blanco I. , Villalba-Alumbreros G. , Fernandez-Munoz M.
Published: February 2023

A novel concept of a rotary electromagnetic actuator for positioning with ultra-low power consumption is presented. The device is based on harnessing potential magnetic energy stored between permanent magnets facing each other with opposing magnetization polarities. When combined with an active electromagnetic control and passive stabilization system, the rotor of the device can switch between stable equilibrium positions in a fast way with a minimal fraction of the power and energy consumption of a traditional electromagnetic actuator. In this paper, a theoretical model, supported by finite element analysis results, is presented. The actuator has been designed in detail to operate as an optical filter wheel actuator. Calculations demonstrate that the device has the potential to provide a power-consumption saving of up to 86.6% and an energy consumption reduction of up to 58.6% with respect to a traditional filter wheel actuator.
Effect of Blade Tip Configurations on the Performance and Vibration of a Lift-Offset Coaxial Rotor
Authors: Lee Yu-Been , Park Jae-Sang
Published: February 2023

This present study investigates the effect of blade tip configurations, such as the sweepback angle and anhedral angle, on the performance and hub vibratory loads for the lift-offset coaxial rotor of a 30,000-pound-class high-speed long-range utility helicopter. The rotorcraft comprehensive analysis code, CAMRAD II, is utilized to conduct the performance and hub vibratory load analyses for the present lift-offset coaxial rotor. The total rotor thrust, torque, and individual rotor’s hub pitch moment and hub roll moment are considered the trim targets. The general properties for the lift-offset coaxial rotor are designed from the X2TD, S-97 Raider, and SB > 1 Defiant, which are lift-offset compound helicopters. The rotor performance and hub vibratory loads are studied with the various blade tip configurations including the sweepback angle and anhedral angle. The rotor power when the rotor blade tip considers only the sweepback angle (20°) is lower than the baseline rotor model by 41.25% at 170 knots. The maximum rotor effective lift-to-drag ratio (L/De) for the lift-offset coaxial rotor using only the sweepback angle and the rotor with both sweepback (20°) and anhedral angles (10°) at 170 knots increase by 10.82% and 5.02%, respectively, compared with the baseline rotor model without both sweepback and anhedral angles. The vibration index (VI) for the rotor with only the sweepback angle is higher than that for the baseline rotor model without both sweepback and anhedral angles by 37.14%. Furthermore, when the rotor blade tip has the anhedral angle, the magnitude of the Blade Vortex Interaction (BVI) decreases compared with the rotor without the sweepback and anhedral angles.
Labor Endowment Change, Regional Difference, and Agricultural Production Location Adjustment: Evidence from China
Authors: Yan Zhoufu , Zhang Shurui , Wu Fangwei
Published: February 2023

The outflow of the rural labor force has a great impact on the location distribution of agricultural production, which has not attracted enough attention in existing studies. This article describes the mechanism of agricultural production location adjustment and further studies the influence of a regional difference in labor endowment on agricultural production location adjustment. Based on commodity and province-level panel data calculation, the results show that the agricultural production location in China has been adjusted from the East to the Central and then to the West with accelerating transfer speed. Furthermore, it is found that the regional differences in labor endowment are the main driving force for the shift of low alternative crop production. The more labor-intensive the crop varieties are, the more obvious the influence of the regional differences in labor endowment is on the crop production location adjustment. Moreover, regional differences in labor endowment have little effect on the location adjustment of vegetable production, as expanding the vegetable market demand may offset the effect of labor supply shortage on the adjustment of vegetable production location. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate a regional industrial development plan consistent with the trend of agricultural production location adjustment, as well as promote the construction of agricultural circulation facilities and socialized services in less developed areas.
Seed Morphology and Germination of Native Tulipa Species
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhao Jun , Xue Li , Dai Hanping , Lei Jiajun
Published: February 2023

Seeds are important for the preservation and reproduction of wild tulips in situ, but only a few studies have been carried out on their seed morphology and germination characteristics. In this study, the eight wild tulip species native to China were used. Their seed morphology and superficial ornamentation, the relationship between seed morphology and germination, and the effects of manipulating incubation temperature, seed coat, and gibberellin (GA3) application were studied. The seeds are diverse in shape, size, color, weight, and superficial ornamentation, as observed by stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Tulipa edulis (Miq.) Baker had a half-moon-shaped seed with the embryo invisible and irregular striped ornamentation, which was different from the other seven species that had sector-shaped seeds with the embryo visible and irregular reticulate ornamentation. Especially, the muri feature and the decorative pattern in meshes were highly variable and decisive at both section and species levels of Tulipa L. We also classified the seed dormancy type of the eight wild tulip species as nondeep complex (MPD). Embryo length, embryo/seed length ratio, and seed coat color were correlated with germination (T50), while the T50 of eight wild tulip species was still mainly affected by optimized temperatures of 4 °C and/or 4/16 °C. Gibberellin (GA3) has a positive regulating effect on the T50 of tulip species, and 100 μM gibberellin was considered the most effective concentration. These results highlight the taxonomic significance of the genus Tulipa based on seed testa morphology, and we support the notion that T. edulis should be regarded as an independent genus—Amana. Meanwhile, our study provided a way that the seed germination of wild tulip species could be shortened within 2 months under the experimental conditions, which will help to rapidly multiply and utilize wild tulip resources.
Effect of Plant Seed Mixture on Overwintering and Floristic Attractiveness of the Flower Strip in Western Poland
Authors: Kowalska Jolanta , Antkowiak Małgorzata , Tymoszuk Alicja
Published: February 2023

In order to increase biodiversity in cultivated areas, the implementation of agri-environmental programs is proposed, including interventions and eco-schemes. Flower strips are one such proposal. In order to achieve satisfactory results, the appropriate selection of plants is crucial. In flower strips, the number and diversification of overwintering plant species are important. Our observations suggest that the species diversity observed in the second year of the strip’s presence in western Poland composed of mostly annual 14 plant species did not overlap in the next year. The flower strip was established on soils in a very good rye complex. The average monthly air temperature in both seasons was similar. In the winter months after the establishment of the flower strip, the lowest temperature at the ground level and the lowest air temperature were recorded in December (−5.4 °C and −13.7 °C, respectively). Hydrological conditions were not favorable, including a very dry March. Wild species originally from the soil seed bank were dominant. The selection of the appropriate species composition of mixtures intended for flower strips should take into account not only the preferences of beneficial insects but also environmental conditions. The possibilities of the selected plant species are important. A large variety of spontaneously emerging species (considered weeds) can also successfully colonize existing gaps in the flower strips, providing an increase in biodiversity. From the beginning of June to the end of July, the share of flowering plants from the seed bank ranged from 42.59% to 88.19%, while among originally intended plant species, it was only 11.81–57.41%. In May and at the beginning of June, two intended species that were intensively flowering, Trifolium incarnatum L. (over 70.5%) and Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth. (26.47%), were definitely dominant. In later observations, it was noted that, unfortunately, the sown plants had a low level of flowering compared to the wild plants found in the flower strip. It is very important that flower strips include species that also bloom in July and August, and wildflower plants can highlight the attractiveness of the flower strip to beneficial insects and are a valuable addition. This paper evaluates the suitability of a commercially available seed mixture in terms of the floristic attractiveness and overwintering potential of annual plants.
Morphological Characterization of Metamorphosis in Stamens of Anemone barbulata Turcz. (Ranunculaceae)
Authors: Chang Hongli , Ji Weihong , Xie Yule , He Shujun , Xie Zhenfeng , Sun Fengjie
Published: February 2023

The morphological characteristics of metamorphosis in stamens of Anemone barbulata Turcz. were investigated using morphological and histological analyses. The results showed that stamens were transformed into either white sepaloid organs or more frequently green leaflike structures with successive variations. The extreme metamorphic stamen was represented as a three-lobed leaflike structure with a long stalk, highly consistent with the morphological characters of the normal leaves of the plant. It was hypothesized that the connective and two pollen sacs of the anther were transformed into the three lobes of the metamorphosed stamen, respectively. The depression and circinate stages were identified as the important and necessary processes in the transformation of stamens from axial to foliar organs, suggesting probably the alternative evolutionary process of the formation of anthers derived from foliar organs. The morphological traces of leaf, sepal, and carpel observed in the metamorphosed stamens suggested the homeotic transformations among these organs. The foliar stage in the ancestral stamens of angiosperms was reflected ontogenically in the metamorphosed stamens of A. barbulata. Our findings of a series of metamorphic stamens probably represent the morphological evidence to support the hypothesis that the flowers of angiosperms were derived from metamorphic leaves with the progressive development mode in the evolution of floral organs.
Evaluation of Methanotroph (Methylococcus capsulatus, Bath) Bacteria Protein as an Alternative to Fish Meal in the Diet of Juvenile American Eel (Anguilla rostrata)
Authors: Lu Wenqi , Yu Haixia , Liang Ying , Zhai Shaowei
Published: February 2023

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing fish meal (FM) with methanotroph (Methylococcus capsulatus, Bath) bacteria protein (MBP) in the diets of the juvenile American eel (Anguilla rostrata). Trial fish were randomly divided into the MBP0 group, MBP6 group, MBP12 group, and MBP18 group fed the diets with MBP replacing FM at levels of 0, 6%, 12%, and 18%, respectively. The trial lasted for ten weeks. There were no significant differences in weight gain or feed utilization among the MBP0, MBP6, and MBP12 groups (except for the feeding rate in the MBP12 group). Compared with the MBP0 group, the D-lactate level and diamine oxidase activity in the serum were significantly elevated in the MBP12 and MBP18 groups. In terms of non-specific immunity parameters in serum, the alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly decreased in the MBP18 group, and the complement 3 level was significantly elevated in the MBP12 and MBP18 groups. The activities of lipase and protease in the intestine were significantly decreased in the MBP12 and MBP18 groups. Compared with the MBP0 group, the total antioxidant capacity and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the intestine were significantly decreased in the MBP18 group, while the malondialdehyde level was significantly increased. The villus height, muscular thickness, and microvillus density were significantly decreased in the MBP12 and MBP18 groups. There were no significant differences in the foresaid parameters between the MBP0 group and the MBP6 group. The intestinal microbiota of the MBP6 group was beneficially regulated to maintain similar growth and health status with the MBP0 group. The adverse effects on the intestinal microbiota were reflected in the MBP18 group. In conclusion, MBP could successfully replace 6% of FM in the diet without adversely affecting the growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, and intestinal health of juvenile American eels.
Environmental and Nesting Variables Associated with Atlantic Leatherback Sea Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) Embryonic and Hatching Success Rates in Grenada, West Indies
Authors: Charles Kate E. , Morrall Clare E. , Edwards Jonnel J. , Carter Kenrith D. , Afema Josephine A. , Butler Brian P. , Marancik David P.
Published: February 2023

Annual monitoring of leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) nesting grounds in Grenada, West Indies has identified relatively low hatch rates compared to worldwide trends. This study investigated the impact of selected environmental variables on leatherback sea turtle embryonic development and hatching success rates on Levera Beach in Grenada between 2015–2019. The mean number of nests per year and eggs per nest were 667.6 ± 361.6 and 80.7 ± 23.0 sd, respectively. Within excavated nests, 35.6% ± 22.0 sd of eggs successfully developed embryos and 30.6% ± 22.6 sd of eggs successfully hatched. The number of eggs per nest, along with embryo and hatching success rates, differed by nesting year. Embryo development success rate was associated with nest location, and both embryo development and hatching success rates were positively associated with nest depth and negatively associated with the percentage of eggs exhibiting microbial growth and with the presence of inspissated yolk. There was no embryo development or hatchling success association with month of the nesting season, distance from the high-water mark, distance from vegetation, nor maternal carapace length. The mean nest temperature was 31.7 °C ± 1.64 sd and mean temperatures during the middle third of egg incubation suggest clutches are highly skewed towards a preponderance of female hatchlings. Histopathologic findings in hatchling mortalities included severe, acute, multifocal, heterophilic bronchopneumonia with intralesional bacteria in 4/50 (8%) hatchlings. Data from this study guide conservation strategies by identifying risk factors and further avenues of research needed to support reproductive success of leatherback sea turtles in Grenada and the greater Caribbean region.
Acoustic Monitoring Confirms Significant Poaching Pressure of European Turtle Doves (Streptopelia turtur) during Spring Migration across the Ionian Islands, Greece
Authors: Astaras Christos , Sideri-Manoka Zoi-Antigoni , Vougioukalou Manolia , Migli Despina , Vasiliadis Ioakim , Sidiropoulos Sotirios , Barboutis Christos , Manolopoulos Aris , Vafeiadis Michalis , Kazantzidis Savas
Published: February 2023

The European turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur) is an Afro-Palearctic migrant whose populations have declined by 79% from 1980 to 2014. In 2018, the International Single Species Action Plan for the Turtle Dove (ISSAP) was developed with the goal of enabling, by 2028, an increase in turtle dove numbers along each of the three migration flyways (western, central, eastern). To achieve this, the illegal killing of turtle doves, a critical threat to the species, has to be eradicated. The Ionian Islands off the west coast of Greece lie on the eastern flyway and are considered a major turtle dove poaching hot-spot during spring migration. Quantifying wildlife crime, however, is challenging. In the absence of a reliable protocol for monitoring spring poaching levels, the agencies tasked with tackling the problem have no means of assessing the effectiveness of the anti-poaching measures and adapting them if required. Using passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) methods, we recorded gun hunting intensity at known turtle dove poaching sites during the 2019–2022 spring migrations (2–10 sites/season) with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. Based on published gunshot to killed/injured bird ratio for similar species (corroborated with discussions with local hunters) and an estimate of the proportion of hunting sites monitored by our PAM grid (using gunshot detection range estimates from control gunshots), we estimated that in 2021, up to 57,095 turtle doves were killed or injured across five Ionian Islands (Zakynthos, Paxi, Antipaxi, Othoni, and Mathraki). The 2022 estimate was almost half, but it is unclear as to whether the change is due to a decline in poachers or turtle doves. We propose ways of improving confidence in future estimates, and call for a temporary moratorium of autumn turtle dove hunting in Greece—as per ISSAP recommendation—until spring poaching is eradicated and the eastern flyway population shows signs of a full recovery. Finally, we hope our findings will pave the way for the development of PAM grids at turtle dove poaching hot-spots across all migration flyways, contributing to the global conservation of the species.
Cotinine as a Sentinel of Canine Exposure to Tobacco Smoke
Authors: Groppetti Debora , Pizzi Giulia , Pecile Alessandro , Bronzo Valerio , Mazzola Silvia Michela
Published: February 2023

The adverse health effects of both active and passive tobacco smoke have been well-known in humans for a long time. It is presumable that even pets, which intimately share the owner’s lifestyle, may be exposed to the same risks. This study aimed to detect and quantify cotinine (a metabolite of nicotine) in the serum and hair of dogs using a specific commercial ELISA immunoassay kit. A total of 32 dogs, 16 exposed and 16 unexposed to the owner’s smoke, were enrolled. The cotinine concentration was higher in the exposed than the unexposed group in both matrices (p < 0.001), with greater values in serum than in hair (p < 0.001). Exposed bitches had higher hair cotinine than male dogs (p < 0.001). Conversely, serum and fur cotinine concentrations were lower in female than male dogs of the unexposed group (p < 0.01). The exposure intensity, age, and weight of the dogs did not affect cotinine concentrations. A cut-off value of 2.78 ng/mL and 1.13 ng/mL cotinine concentration in serum and fur, respectively, was estimated to distinguish between the exposed and unexposed dogs. Cotinine was confirmed as a valuable marker of passive smoking also in dogs. Although owners do not perceive secondhand smoke as a risk for their dogs, greater awareness should be advisable, especially in pregnant animals.
Emergence and Evolution of OXA-23-Producing ST46Pas-ST462Oxf-KL28-OCL1 Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Mediated by a Novel ISAba1-Based Tn7534 Transposon
Authors: Liu Haiyang , Liu Xiaochen , He Jintao , Zhang Linghong , Zhao Feng , Zhou Zhihui , Hua Xiaoting , Yu Yunsong
Published: February 2023

Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) isolates of global clone 1 (GC1) and global clone 2 (GC2) have been widely reported. Nevertheless, non-GC1 and non-GC2 CRAB strains have been studied less. In particular, no reports concerning sequence type 46 (ST46Pas) CRAB strains have been described thus far. In this work, the genomic features and possible evolution mechanism of ST46Pas OXA-23-producing CRAB isolates from clinical specimens are reported for the first time. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of three ST46Pas strains revealed identical resistance profiles (resistance to imipenem, meropenem, ciprofloxacin and the combination of cefoperazone/sulbactam at a 2:1 ratio). They were found to belong to ST46Pas and ST462Oxf with capsular polysaccharide 28 (KL28) and lipooligosaccharide 1 (OCL1), respectively. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) revealed that all contained one copy of chromosomal blaOXA-23, which was located in a novel ISAba1-based Tn7534 composite transposon. In particular, another copy of the Tn7534 composite transposon was identified in an Hgz_103-type plasmid with 9 bp target site duplications (TSDs, ACAACATGC) in the A. baumannii ZHOU strain. As the strains originated from two neighboring intensive care units (ICUs), ST46Pas OXA-23-producing CRAB strains may have evolved via transposition events or a pdif module. Based on the GenBank database, ST46Pas strains were collected from various sources; however, most were collected in Hangzhou (China) from 2014 to 2021. Pan-genome analysis revealed 3276 core genes, 0 soft-core genes, 768 shell genes and 443 cloud genes shared among all ST46Pas strains. In conclusion, the emergence of ST46Pas CRAB strains might present a new threat to healthcare settings; therefore, effective surveillance is required to prevent further dissemination.
Stable Isotope Ratio Analysis for the Authentication of Natural Antioxidant Curcuminoids from Curcuma longa (Turmeric)
Authors: Perini Matteo , Pianezze Silvia , Ziller Luca , Larcher Roberto , Pace Roberto
Published: February 2023

Curcuminoid complex, a mixture of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and didemethoxycurcumin, is one of the most popular antioxidants of natural origin, and it has a multitude of other health benefits. It is threatened by the proliferation of counterfeit products on the market containing synthetic curcuminoids whose addition is difficult to identify as they present the three curcuminoid forms in the correct ratios. Consequently, the necessity to detect this fraudulent practice is escalating. Carbon-14 analysis is the most effective available method, but it is also expensive and difficult to implement. This paper describes the first attempt to characterize natural curcuminoids and their synthetic form, used as an adulterant, through the analysis of stable isotope ratios of carbon and hydrogen (expressed as δ13C and δ2H). Carbon values greater than −28.6‰ and hydrogen values greater than −71‰ may indicate the addition of synthetic curcuminoids to the natural ones.
State-of-the-Art Review of Utilization of Microbial-Induced Calcite Precipitation for Improving Moisture-Dependent Properties of Unsaturated Soils
Authors: Li Jue , Bi Wenwei , Yao Yongsheng , Liu Zhengnan
Published: February 2023

Unsaturated soil is a form of natural soil whose pores are filled by air and water. Different from saturated soil, the microstructure of unsaturated soil consists of three phases, namely, the solid phase (soil particle), vapor phase, and liquid phase. Due to the matric suction of soil pores, the hydraulic and mechanical behaviors of unsaturated soils present a significant dependence on the moisture condition, which usually results in a series of unpredictable risks, including foundation settlement, landslide, and dam collapse. Microbial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP) is a novel and environmentally friendly technology that can improve the water stability of unsaturated soft or expansive soils. This paper reviews the microscopic mechanisms of MICP and its effect on the mechanical properties of unsaturated soils. The MICP process is mainly affected by the concentration of calcium ions and urea, apart from the concentration of bacteria. The moisture-dependent properties were comparatively analyzed through mechanical models and influence factors on the experimental data among various unsaturated soils. It suggests that the variations in resilient modulus and permanent deformation are strongly related to the extent of MICP applied on unsaturated soils. Finally, the problems in the MICP application, environmental challenges, and further research directions are suggested.
Learning Form Closure Grasping with a Four-Pin Parallel Gripper
Authors: Li Rui , Liu Shimin , Su Xiaojie
Published: February 2023

Being able to stably grasp with generalization is one of the distinguished capabilities for building a generic grasping system for robots. In this work, we propose a stable grasping method for four-pin parallel grippers within a reinforcement learning framework. First, a reinforcement learning problem is constructed on the basis of the improved four-pin gripper. Then, the learning policy and the reward function are constructed in consideration of the knowledge of environmental constraint and form closure. Finally, the effectiveness of the designed grasping method is validated in a simulated environment, and the results demonstrate that a safe and stable grasp can be planned for given 2.5D objects.
Secure Data Distribution Architecture in IoT Using MQTT
Authors: Azzedin Farag , Alhazmi Turki
Published: February 2023

Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) is one of the standard application layer protocols for the Internet of Things. It uses a publish/subscribe mechanism which organizes a set of clients around a server called the broker, which delivers published data to its intended recipients. This article proposes an architecture that allows MQTT brokers to cooperate and share their data with other interested MQTT brokers. It is a service-oriented architecture that wraps an MQTT broker with a well defined WebSockets-based interface which allows it to offer its topic space and published data to other MQTT brokers. The wrapped MQTT broker is called a broker service, and it discovers other broker services through a discovery service. Each broker service only connects to services that have data its clients are interested. Furthermore, these services are authenticated by obtaining tokens from an authentication service that registers and issues JSON Web Tokens for them. These tokens contain the identity and claims of their owners and they can be verified without contacting the authentication service. The proposed architecture simplifies data sharing and improves the security in scenarios with multiple MQTT brokers where clients can move between them. In these scenarios, the MQTT brokers need to obtain data based on their clients interests, which are constantly changing. It does so by isolating MQTT brokers into services that can be discovered and consumed over well-defined interfaces. The architecture was implemented in javascript using MQTT 3.1.1 standard complaint library. We demonstrate the performance characteristics of our architecture using our implementation through three scenarios, which are designed to compare the delay from publisher to subscriber when they operate within the same MQTT broker and different MQTT brokers. The results show that the overhead of our architecture is around 50% in two synthetic scenarios (performed on a single machine) and around 27% in a third scenario performed on the cloud with multiple virtual machines hosting the broker services and simulated clients.
Analytical and Experimental Investigation of the Rotary Inertia Effects of Unequal End Masses on Transverse Vibration of Beams
Authors: Bilge Habibullah , Morgül Ömer Kadir
Published: February 2023

In this study, the transverse vibration of free–free slender beams with two unequal end masses attached were studied. The effects of the rotary inertia of the end masses on the free vibration of the beam were investigated. An exact frequency equation and the boundary conditions were obtained by using the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory and Hamilton’s principle. Natural frequencies and mode shapes of the beams in transverse vibrations were calculated for various combinations of physical and geometrical parameters, such as mass ratios, the distances between the attachment point and the center of the masses, etc. The effects of an increase in the rotational inertia of the end masses and different mass ratios on the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the beam are presented. It is shown that the increase in the rotational inertia of the end masses had a greater effect at low frequencies of the beam. In addition, experimental tests were performed to validate the obtained analytical results. A good agreement was obtained between the analytical and experimental results. The main scope of this study was to reveal the effects of the rotary inertia of the end masses on the dynamic behavior of the beam. Thus, the aim is to contribute to the understanding of the properties of the end mass and the effect of rotary inertia on the dynamics of end-mass-attached structures. Furthermore, the results obtained from this research are helpful for designing end-mass-attached structures, such as micromechanical sensors, energy harvesters, and Stockbridge-type dynamic absorbers.
Reconstructing Polarization Multiplexing Terahertz Holographic Images with Transmissive Metasurface
Authors: Wang Xiaosai , Wu Jinlei , Wang Ruoxing , Li Li , Jiang Yongyuan
Published: February 2023

There is a growing trend towards the development of high resolution and multiplexing metasurface holograms. In this paper, we propose the reconstruction of polarization multiplexing terahertz (THz) holographic images based on transmissive metasurface. The metasurface composed of all-dielectric meta-atoms is designed as a multi-foci metalens and the focal points of the metalens are utilized as the pixels of a reconstructed image. We analyze the effects of focal length and phase pixel number of the metalens on focal point to achieve high-resolution holographic images. In addition, by switching the polarization of incident lights, holographic images with different patterns are reconstructed on its focal plane. Such high-resolution and polarization multiplexing metasurface holograms is promising for applications in THz communications, information engineering, and encryption.
Efficient Reachable Workspace Division under Concurrent Task for Human-Robot Collaboration Systems
Authors: Liu Yuan , Zhang Wenxuan , Cheng Qian , Ming Dong
Published: February 2023

Division of the reachable workspace of upper limbs under different visual and physical conditions, finding the efficient reachable area under concurrent task conditions, and using it as a basis to divide the incorporation boundaries that require robot assistance are the focus of this paper. These could be used to rationalize the allocation of human and robot workspaces to maximize the efficiency of multitask completion, which has significant applications in the enhancement of human–robot collaboration (HRC) capabilities. However, research on this has rarely been conducted due to the complexity and diversity of arm movements. In this paper, we considered the physical and visual restrictions of the human operator, extracted the movement data of 10 participants while completing the reaching task, and divided the workspace into five areas (their angles are 0°~44.761°, 44.761°~67.578°, 67.578°~81.108°, 81.108°~153.173°, and 153.173°~180°). Measuring the concurrent task completion times when the target object is in each area, respectively, we demonstrated that areas I~II are efficient, reachable workspaces for the human. In the non-efficient reachable workspaces, the average completion times for HRC were 86.7% for human operators (in area III) and 70.1% (in area IV), with the average number of warnings reduced from 2.5 to 0.4. The average completion time for HRC in area V was 59.3% for the human operator, and the average number of warnings was reduced from 3.5 to 0.5. Adding robotic assistance in this area could improve the efficiency of the HRC systems. This study provided a quantitative evaluation of human concurrent task completion capabilities and the incorporation boundaries of robots, which is a useful reference for achieving efficient HRC.
Sparse Parabolic Radon Transform with Nonconvex Mixed Regularization for Multiple Attenuation
Authors: Wu Qiuying , Hu Bin , Liu Cai , Zhang Junming
Published: February 2023

The existence of multiple reflections brings difficulty to seismic data processing and interpretation in seismic reflection exploration. Parabolic Radon transform is widely used in multiple attenuation because it is easily implemented, highly robust and efficient. However, finite seismic acquisition aperture of seismic data causes energy diffusion in the Radon domain, which leads to multiple residuals. In this paper, we propose a sparse parabolic Radon transform with the nonconvex Lq1-Lq2(0<q1,q2<1) mixed regularization (SPRTLq1-Lq2) that constrains the sparsity of primary and multiple reflections to overcome the energy diffusion and improve the effect of multiple attenuation, respectively. This nonconvex mixed regularization problem is solved approximately by the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm, and we give the convergence conditions of the ADMM algorithm. The proposed method is compared with least squares parabolic Radon transform (LSPRT) and sparse parabolic Radon transform based on L1 regularization (SPRTL1) for multiple attenuation in the synthetic data and field data. We demonstrate that it improves the sparsity and resolution of the Radon domain data, and better results are obtained.
Dispersion Curve Interpolation Based on Kriging Method
Authors: Zhang Han , Tian You , Zhao Pengfei
Published: February 2023

Volcanic eruptions significantly impact human life. However, real-time high-precision imaging in this context still has limitations. Spatial–temporal interpolation can replace real-time data imaging, in order to obtain the state of a given volcano at any moment. The dispersion curve is interpolated in space as a foreshadowing for subsequent temporal interpolation. In this paper, kriging is applied for the interpolation of dispersion curves, and the feasibility of the process is verified through several tests. Through cross-validation, the “spherical” variogram model and universal kriging were determined. The mean relative error of the predicted dispersion curve is less than 10%, and the mean root mean square error of each predicted dispersion curve is less than 0.1. The results show that the interpolation of dispersion curves based on the kriging method is feasible. In addition, the application of kriging interpolation in ambient noise tomography can expand the imaging area, as well as complement the low ray density area. Taking the ambient noise tomography of the Changbai volcano as an example, in the deep area, the expansion multiple can reach 2.4.
User Experience of a Digital Fashion Show: Exploring the Effectiveness of Interactivity in Virtual Reality
Authors: Ahn Duck-Ki , Bae Byung-Chull , Kim Yejin
Published: February 2023

A virtual reality (VR) environment is different from the generally produced video-based experience, as it creates an interactive user experience (UX) by allowing the users to respond to operations or commands using various input devices. In particular, as existing analog-type fashion shows that have limitations in space and time have evolved into digital fashion shows that include interaction, the importance of the naturalness of interaction and visual expression is being emphasized in UX research. However, study cases that maximize user immersion through the interaction of visual changes in the stage and clothes of a digital fashion show are scarce. As such, this study introduces an interactive VR fashion show to analyze the impact of interaction on the UX in a VR environment. In the design of the interactive VR fashion show, various interaction elements that affect the UX are selected and the scope of UX application is suggested. In addition, by utilizing a commercial game engine, the production process necessary to simulate an existing fashion show is shown step-by-step. The user test in this study is examined in-depth by dividing the evaluation of the user into a two-step survey, and the results are objectively verified through a statistical analysis.
Comparative Analysis of Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Properties of Borage Oil (Borago officinalis L.) and Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum Gaertn)
Authors: Kachel Magdalena , Krajewska Marta , Stryjecka Małgorzata , Ślusarczyk Lidia , Matwijczuk Arkadiusz , Rudy Stanisław , Domin Marek
Published: February 2023

There is currently a growing interest in oils characterised by specific medicinal, cosmetic, or dietary properties. For this reason, the seeds of two plants, milk thistle (Silybum marianum Gaertn) and borage (Borago officinalis L.), were studied by subjecting them to the process of cold pressing. The extracted oils were then examined in terms of their chemical composition and biological activity, and qualitatively analysed with the use of FTIR spectroscopy. The oils contained linoleic and octadecenoic acids in amounts of 47.84%, 35.31% (milk thistle oil) and 35.43%, 25.18% (borage oil). They were characterised by low water content, roughly 0.088% for thistle and 0.075% for borage, and simultaneously relatively high phosphorus content, reaching, respectively, 47.7 and 33.1 mg·kg−1. The mean peroxide value was 4.22 for milk thistle and 2.83 mmolO2·kg−1 for borage, and the acid number was 5.17 and 3.9 mgKOH·g−1, respectively. FTIR spectroscopy was used to conduct a qualitative analysis, which revealed slight discrepancies in intensity at 3005 cm−1, which confirmed differences in the content of fatty acids and oil pigments between the oils. The obtained results provided information on the applicability of the studied seeds and oils obtained therefrom as basic components of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products with potential health benefits.
Approximating the Moments of Generalized Gaussian Distributions via Bell’s Polynomials
Authors: Caratelli Diego , Sabbadini Ruben , Ricci Paolo Emilio
Published: February 2023

Bell’s polynomials are used in many different fields of mathematics, ranging from number theory to operator theory. This paper shows a relevant application in probability theory aimed at computing the moments of generalized Gaussian distributions. To this end, a table containing the first values of the complete Bell’s polynomials is provided. Furthermore, a dedicated code for approximating the moments of the general distributions in terms of complete Bell’s polynomials is detailed. Several test cases concerning different nested functions are discussed.
Applying the Fuzzy BWM to Determine the Cryptocurrency Trading System under Uncertain Decision Process
Authors: Yang Yeh-Cheng , Shieh Wen-Sheng , Lin Chun-Yueh
Published: February 2023

The crypto and digital assets ecosystems have attracted investment, regulators, and speculators to their environment. As the blockchain-based framework can reduce transaction costs, generate distributed trust, and enable decentralized platforms, it has become a potential new base for decentralized business models. Previous studies have highlighted the advantages and drawbacks of each platform, such as interest rates, cost concerns, transparency issues, hacking issues, and hazards. Consequently, it is challenging for investors to evaluate the cryptocurrency trading system which determines the optimum exchanges and crucial aspects. Therefore, in order to rank the optimal digital token trading system, this paper develops an evaluation architecture to determine the various token trading systems. The developed architecture integrates fuzzy theory and the best-worst method (BWM) into the decision-making process to assess decision behaviors regarding preference for digital token trading systems in investors in Taiwan. First, this work establishes the views and parameters by modifying the Delphi method based on a literature review and survey. Second, the fuzzy-BWM is applied to obtain the fuzzy weights of the views and parameters. Then, defuzzification and BWM are used to rank the optimal alternatives of the digital token trading systems for investors. The results indicate that the optimal digital token trading system is the decentralized platform, and the critical parameters are gas fees, interest rates, and the mechanism of savings under fuzzy uncertain scenarios. This means that when considering the uncertain and ambiguous characteristics of the expert decision process in digital token trading systems, the evaluation is decentralized and the gas fees are the most important parameter in the digital token investment platform. Academically, the fuzzy BWM-based decision-making architecture can provide corporations and investors with valuable guidance to rank the optimal digital token trading systems based on fuzzy uncertain scenarios. Commercially, the proposed architecture could provide corporations and investors with a useful model to measure the optimal digital token trading system.
Protective Role and Functional Engineering of Neuropeptides in Depression and Anxiety: An Overview
Authors: Okdeh Nathalie , Mahfouz Georges , Harb Julien , Sabatier Jean-Marc , Roufayel Rabih , Gazo Hanna Eddie , Kovacic Hervé , Fajloun Ziad
Published: February 2023

Behavioral disorders, such as anxiety and depression, are prevalent globally and touch children and adults on a regular basis. Therefore, it is critical to comprehend how these disorders are affected. It has been demonstrated that neuropeptides can influence behavior, emotional reactions, and behavioral disorders. This review highlights the majority of the findings demonstrating neuropeptides’ behavioral role and functional engineering in depression and anxiety. Gut–brain peptides, hypothalamic releasing hormone peptides, opioid peptides, and pituitary hormone peptides are the four major groups of neuropeptides discussed. Some neuropeptides appear to promote depression and anxiety-like symptoms, whereas others seem to reduce it, all depending on the receptors they are acting on and on the brain region they are localized in. The data supplied here are an excellent starting point for future therapy interventions aimed at treating anxiety and depression.
Spatial Scattering Radiation to the Radiological Technologist during Medical Mobile Radiography
Authors: Otomo Kazuki , Inaba Yohei , Abe Keisuke , Onodera Mana , Suzuki Tomohiro , Sota Masahiro , Haga Yoshihiro , Suzuki Masatoshi , Zuguchi Masayuki , Chida Koichi
Published: February 2023

Mobile radiography allows for the diagnostic imaging of patients who cannot move to the X-ray examination room. Therefore, mobile X-ray equipment is useful for patients who have difficulty with movement. However, staff are exposed to scattered radiation from the patient, and they can receive potentially harmful radiation doses during radiography. We estimated occupational exposure during mobile radiography using phantom measurements. Scattered radiation distribution during mobile radiography was investigated using a radiation survey meter. The efficacy of radiation-reducing methods for mobile radiography was also evaluated. The dose decreased as the distance from the X-ray center increased. When the distance was more than 150 cm, the dose decreased to less than 1 μSv. It is extremely important for radiological technologists (RTs) to maintain a sufficient distance from the patient to reduce radiation exposure. The spatial dose at eye-lens height increases when the bed height is high, and when the RT is short in stature and abdominal imaging is performed. Maintaining sufficient distance from the patient is also particularly effective in limiting radiation exposure of the eye lens. Our results suggest that the doses of radiation received by staff during mobile radiography are not significant when appropriate radiation protection is used. To reduce exposure, it is important to maintain a sufficient distance from the patient. Therefore, RTs should bear this is mind during mobile radiography.