bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beneficial Effects of Probiotic Treatment on Gut Microbiota in Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Li Yue-feng , Zhu Chuan-rui , Gong Xue-lei , Li Hui-ling , Xiong Li-kuan , Wang Ke-jian , Liu Guo-Sheng
Published: October 2019

The very low birth weight (VLBW) infant is at great risk for marked dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. In the present study, a total of 36 VLBW infants were randomly divided into two groups, who were treated with combined probiotics and placebo, and 72 fecal specimens on days 14 and 28 of life were collected from them. Finally, 32 fecal specimens extracted from 16 preterm VLBW infants were qualified and analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The primary outcome was to evaluate the change of gut microbiota in VLBW infants after combined probiotic supplement. The secondary outcome was to analyze the correlation gut microbial composition and levels of cytokines. We found that probiotic treatment, but not placebo, decreased the α-diversity of gut microbiota in VLBW infants. At the phylum level, probiotic treatment strongly increased the abundance of Firmicutes, whereas that of Proteobacteria was significantly reduced. At the family level, Streptococcaceae and Lactobacillaceae became prevalent after probiotic treatment, while the relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae was reduced in the meantime. Most notably, significant correlations were observed between Lactobacillaceae abundance and serum cytokine levels. Further studies are required to shed more light on the characteristics of gut microbiota of VLBW neonates. And the modulation of microbiota should be considered to improve the survival rate of VLBW infants.
Preparation of Carbon Dots with High-Fluorescence Quantum Yield and Their Application in Dopamine Fluorescence Probe and Cellular Imaging
Authors: Lin Haitao , Huang Jun , Ding Liyun
Published: October 2019

Carbon dots represent a kind of fluorescent nanomaterial and have broad application prospects in the field of biosensing and optoelectronics. Here, we explored carbon dots with a high-fluorescence quantum yield rate synthesized from L-cysteine and citric acid by the microwave-assisted method. The characteristics of the carbon dots were studied using a transmission electron microscope, an X-ray diffractometer, X-ray photoelectron spectra, a UV-Vis absorption spectrometer, a FTIR spectrometer, and a fluorescence spectrophotometer. The obtained carbon dots exhibited a high-fluorescence quantum yield (up to 85%), which is due to the combination of amidogens and sulfydryl with carbon dots, and hence bring the improved fluorescence property. We used carbon dots for in vitro imaging of CRL-5822 cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells, which showed the low inhibitory rate (0.8%) of cells for 48 h with good biocompatibility demonstrated by the cell viability assay. The image of cells can be observed clearly under UV light. The Stern-Volmer equation was introduced to describe the quenching effect between the fluorescence intensity of carbon dots and the concentration of aqueous dopamine (DA).
Spectral Discrimination of Archaeological Sites Previously Occupied by Farming Communities Using In Situ Hyperspectral Data
Authors: Thabeng Olaotse Lokwalo , Adam Elhadi , Merlo Stefania
Published: October 2019

This study investigates the ability of field spectra measurements to discriminate between soils from non-sites (natural soils) and from archaeological sites, such as middens (rubbish-dumping areas) and animal byres. First, we tested whether there is a difference in the concentration of elements between different soil types using analysis of variance while random forest (RF) and forward variable selection (FVS) methods were used to select important soil elements for the classification of the archaeological sites. In the second approach, we evaluated the ability of field spectroscopy reflectance measurements to discriminate among nonsites, middens, vitrified dung, and nonvitrified dung byres. The guided regularised random forest (GRRF) was used to identify important wavelengths for the discrimination of abovementioned archaeological and nonarchaeological soils. Thereafter, the selected soil elements and wavelengths were used as input variables in the RF classification algorithm to classify the nonsites, middens, vitrified dung, and nonvitrified dung. The findings reveal that there is a significant difference in the composition of chemical elements and spectral signatures of nonsites, middens, vitrified dung, and nonvitrified dung. In summary, high classification accuracies achieved when using field spectroscopy data prove that remote sensing techniques can be used to exploit the spectral differences among the abovementioned soil types in mapping archaeological feature characteristics of farming communities’ settlements.
Effect of Silicone Oil on Dispersion and Low-Temperature Fracture Performance of Crumb Rubber Asphalt
Authors: Lushinga Nonde , Cao Liping , Dong Zejiao
Published: October 2019

Low-temperature cracking is one of the major pavement distresses in cold regions. To reduce the prevalence of such cracks, crumb rubber modified asphalt (CRMA) has been applied for a long time. However, CRMA experiences compatibility and segregation problems with asphalt. Silicone oil has long been seen to improve compatibility and segregation problems of polymers in asphalt, but its benefits on low temperature performance of crumb rubber asphalt have not been explored. Furthermore, silicone oil can be obtained as virgin or recycled from industrial transformers; however, the recycled silicone oil’s influence on low-temperature crack performance of asphalt has also not been explored. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of recycled silicone oil (SO) on dispersion and low-temperature fracture performance of crumb rubber asphalt. The fracture mechanics-based single-edge notch beam (SENB) test was performed at temperatures of −12°C, −18°C, and −24°C. In addition, fluorescence microscopy (FM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) experiments were also conducted. Results show that the addition of SO to CRMA increases displacement, fracture energy, and fracture toughness at low temperature while it decreases stiffness which reduces cracking. In addition, AFM results show that surface roughness increases with the addition of SO which indicates that bonding of asphalt and rubber particles had also improved. FM also confirmed that dispersion of rubber particles had improved with addition of silicone oil. FTIR results revealed that asphalt samples with SO treatment were hydrophobic which potentially repels water ingress and delays the freezing of asphalt. Lastly, statistical analysis revealed that the influence of silicone oil on low-temperature performance of rubber asphalt was significant. Therefore, the study concluded that fracture cracking resistance is improved by addition of silicone oil to crumb rubber asphalt.
Pilot Trial AMC-063: Safety and Efficacy of Bortezomib in AIDS-associated Kaposi Sarcoma
Authors: Reid Erin G. , Suazo Adrienne , Lensing Shelly Y. , Dittmer Dirk P. , Ambinder Richard F. , Maldarelli Frank , Gorelick Robert J. , Aboulafia David , Mitsuyasu Ronald , Dickson Mark A. , Wachsman William
Published: October 2019

Purpose:

AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma is often incompletely controlled, requiring serial therapies. Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) induces transformation of endothelial cells, where it resides in a predominately latent state. We hypothesized proteasome inhibition would have direct antitumor activity, induce lytic activation of KSHV, and inhibit HIV infectivity, improving control of both Kaposi sarcoma and HIV. The primary objective was determining the MTD of bortezomib in AIDS-Kaposi sarcoma. Secondary objectives included estimating the impact of bortezomib on Kaposi sarcoma response, KSHV plasma DNA copy number (PDCN), and HIV viral loads (VL).

Patients and Methods:

A 3+3 dose escalation design was employed evaluating four dose levels of bortezomib (0.75, 1, 1.2, or 1.6 mg/m2) administered intravenously on days 1, 8, and 15 of 28-day cycles in patients with relapsed/refractory (r/r) AIDS-Kaposi sarcoma taking antiretroviral therapy.

Results:

Seventeen patients enrolled. No dose-limiting toxicities occurred and the MTD was not reached. The most common adverse events included diarrhea, fatigue and nausea. Among 15 evaluable patients, partial response (PR) occurred in nine (60%), with a PR rate of 83% in the 1.6 mg/m2 cohort; the remainder had stable disease (SD). Median time to response was 2.1 months. Median change in KSHV PDCN was significantly different between those with PR versus SD. During cycle 1, seven of 11 evaluable patients had decreases in HIV VL.

Conclusions:

Bortezomib is well-tolerated and active in AIDS-Kaposi sarcoma. The 60% PR rate is notable given the dose-finding nature of the study in a r/r population. Changes in KSHV PDCN and HIV VL trended as hypothesized.
ELF4 Is a Target of miR-124 and Promotes Neuroblastoma Proliferation and Undifferentiated State
Authors: Kosti Adam , Du Liqin , Shivram Haridha , Qiao Mei , Burns Suzanne , Garcia Juan Gabriel , Pertsemlidis Alexander , Iyer Vishwanath R. , Kokovay Erzsebet , Penalva Luiz O.F.
Published: October 2019

13-Cis-retinoic acid (RA) is typically used in postremission maintenance therapy in patients with neuroblastoma. However, side effects and recurrence are often observed. We investigated the use of miRNAs as a strategy to replace RA as promoters of differentiation. miR-124 was identified as the top candidate in a functional screen. Genomic target analysis indicated that repression of a network of transcription factors (TF) could be mediating most of miR-124's effect in driving differentiation. To advance miR-124 mimic use in therapy and better define its mechanism of action, a high-throughput siRNA morphologic screen focusing on its TF targets was conducted and ELF4 was identified as a leading candidate for miR-124 repression. By altering its expression levels, we showed that ELF4 maintains neuroblastoma in an undifferentiated state and promotes proliferation. Moreover, ELF4 transgenic expression was able to counteract the neurogenic effect of miR-124 in neuroblastoma cells. With RNA sequencing, we established the main role of ELF4 to be regulation of cell-cycle progression, specifically through the DREAM complex. Interestingly, several cell-cycle genes activated by ELF4 are repressed by miR-124, suggesting that they might form a TF–miRNA regulatory loop. Finally, we showed that high ELF4 expression is often observed in neuroblastomas and is associated with poor survival.

Implications:

miR-124 induces neuroblastoma differentiation partially through the downregulation of TF ELF4, which drives neuroblastoma proliferation and its undifferentiated phenotype.
Head and Neck Cancers Promote an Inflammatory Transcriptome through Coactivation of Classic and Alternative NF-κB Pathways
Authors: Yang Xinping , Cheng Hui , Chen Jianhong , Wang Ru , Saleh Anthony , Si Han , Lee Steven , Guven-Maiorov Emine , Keskin Ozlem , Gursoy Attila , Nussinov Ruth , Fang Jugao , Van Waes Carter , Chen Zhong
Published: October 2019

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) promote inflammation in the tumor microenvironment through aberrant NF-κB activation, but the genomic alterations and pathway networks that modulate NF-κB signaling have not been fully dissected. Here, we analyzed genome and transcriptome alterations of 279 HNSCC specimens from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort and identified 61 genes involved in NF-κB and inflammatory pathways. The top 30 altered genes were distributed across 96% of HNSCC samples, and their expression was often correlated with genomic copy-number alterations (CNA). Ten of the amplified genes were associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) status. We sequenced 15 HPV− and 11 HPV+ human HNSCC cell lines, and three oral mucosa keratinocyte lines, and supervised clustering revealed that 28 of 61 genes exhibit altered expression patterns concordant with HNSCC tissues and distinct signatures related to their HPV status. RNAi screening using an NF-κB reporter line identified 16 genes that are induced by TNFα or Lymphotoxin-β (LTβ) and implicated in the classic and/or alternative NF-κB pathways. Knockdown of TNFR, LTBR, or selected downstream signaling components established cross-talk between the classic and alternative NF-κB pathways. TNFα and LTβ induced differential gene expression involving the NF-κB, IFNγ, and STAT pathways, inflammatory cytokines, and metastasis-related genes. Improved survival was observed in HNSCC patients with elevated gene expression in T-cell activation, immune checkpoints, and IFNγ and STAT pathways. These gene signatures of NF-κB activation, which modulate inflammation and responses to the immune therapy, could serve as potential biomarkers in future clinical trials.
Natriuretic Peptides Attenuate Retinal Pathological Neovascularization Via Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate Signaling in Pericytes and Astrocytes
Authors: Špiranec Spes Katarina , Hupp Sabrina , Werner Franziska , Koch Franziska , Völker Katharina , Krebes Lisa , Kämmerer Ulrike , Heinze Katrin G. , Braunger Barbara M. , Kuhn Michaela
Published: October 2019

Objective:

In proliferative retinopathies, complications derived from neovascularization cause blindness. During early disease, pericyte’s apoptosis contributes to endothelial dysfunction and leakage. Hypoxia then drives VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) secretion and pathological neoangiogenesis. Cardiac ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) contributes to systemic microcirculatory homeostasis. ANP is also formed in the retina, with unclear functions. Here, we characterized whether endogenously formed ANP regulates retinal (neo)angiogenesis.

Approach and Results:

Retinal vascular development and ischemia-driven neovascularization were studied in mice with global deletion of GC-A (guanylyl cyclase-A), the cGMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate)-forming ANP receptor. Mice with a floxed GC-A gene were interbred with
Tie2-Cre, GFAP-Cre, or PDGF-Rβ-Cre

ERT2

lines to dissect the endothelial, astrocyte versus pericyte-mediated actions of ANP in vivo. In neonates with global GC-A deletion (KO), vascular development was mildly delayed. Moreover, such KO mice showed augmented vascular regression and exacerbated ischemia-driven neovascularization in the model of oxygen-induced retinopathy. Notably, absence of GC-A in endothelial cells did not impact retinal vascular development or pathological neovascularization. In vitro ANP/GC-A/cGMP signaling, via activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase I, inhibited hypoxia-driven astrocyte’s VEGF secretion and TGF-β (transforming growth factor beta)–induced pericyte apoptosis. In neonates lacking ANP/GC-A signaling in astrocytes, vascular development and hyperoxia-driven vascular regression were unaltered; ischemia-induced neovascularization was modestly increased. Remarkably, inactivation of GC-A in pericytes retarded physiological retinal vascularization and markedly enhanced cell apoptosis, vascular regression, and subsequent neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy.

Conclusions:

Protective pericyte effects of the ANP/GC-A/cGMP pathway counterregulate the initiation and progression of experimental proliferative retinopathy. Our observations indicate augmentation of endogenous pericyte ANP signaling as target for treatment of retinopathies associated with neovascularization.
THE EFFECT OF LEADERSHIP TYPES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE AND THE MEDIATING ROLE OF MANAGEMENT STYLE
Authors: YILMAZ Cengiz , YÖRÜK KARAKILIÇ Nilüfer
Published: October 2019

The aim of
the study is to determine the impact of leadership types on the organizational
performance and the mediating role of the management style in this effect. In
order to complete the study, questionnaires applied to thermal hotel managers
in Afyonkarahisar. The Bass & Avolio Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire
(MLQ), 34 questions, was used to determine the leadership styles. In order to
measure organizational performance, 15 questions, from Kaplan and Norton's
Balanced Scorecard measurement technique, and the management style; traditional
or modern, 8 questions were used in the study.

In the
survey, 166 healthy data were obtained from 250 questionnaires applied to hotel
managers operating in Afyonkarahisar. Data is processed by AMOS 19 and a
Structural Equation Model evaluated which has been represented the structural
relationships.
OPTİMAL PORTFÖY SEÇİMİNDE BULANIK ORTALAMA MUTLAK SAPMA MODELİ VE BİST 30 UYGULAMASI
Authors: ÜNAL Hüseyin
Published: October 2019

Tasarruflarını menkul kıymet
araçlarında değerlendirmek isteyen yatırımcılar, hangi yatırım aracına, ne
oranda yatırım yapmaları gerektiğine yönelik karar almada minimum risk ile
maksimum getiri sağlayan menkul kıymetlerden oluşan portföyü hazırlamak istemektedirler.
Bu çalışmada Konno-Yamazaki tarafından geliştirilen, ortalama mutlak sapma
modeline dayalı klasik ve bulanık doğrusal programlama modelleri
kullanılmıştır. Ocak 2010 - Aralık 2018
tarihleri arasında BIST- 30 endeksinde sürekli işlem gören 26 adet hisse
senedine ait aylık getiri oranları kullanılarak optimal portföyler
oluşturulmuştur. Yapılan analiz sonucunda, bulanık ortalama mutlak sapma modeli
ile farklı yatırımcı tiplerine göre farklı portföy önerilerinde bulunulmuştur.
Elde edilen portföyler değerlendirildiğinde, beklenen getiri oranı arttıkça
yatırım yapılacak hisse senedi sayısının da arttığı görülmüştür. Böylece
çalışmada önerilen portföy çeşitlendirmesinin riski azaltarak, yatırımcıya daha
güvenilir yerel optimum sunulmasına katkı sağladığı yorumu yapılabilmektedir.
TOPLUMSAL KİMLİK OKURYAZARLIĞI
Authors: YURTTAŞ Süleyman
Published: October 2019

Bu çalışma modern ya da postmodern dönem olarak kabul edilen günümüz
dünyasında yaşayan bireylerin toplumsal kimliklerini konu edinmektedir.
Çalışma, toplumsal kimlik konusunu teorik ve kavramsal bir perspektiften ele
almaktadır. Çalışma, Lévi-Strauss’un bricolage (yaptakçılık) kavramına atıfta
bulunarak kimlikleri, kimlik yaptakçılığı üzerinden ele alıp günümüz dünyasında
kimlik oluşturma ve dönüşüm süreçlerinde, aktörlerin sahip oldukları bilgi,
beceri ve yeterliliklerin önemine vurgu yapmaktadır. Buradan hareketle çalışma,
toplumsal kimlik okuryazarlığı olarak kavramsallaştırılan bir kavramı
literatüre kazandırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada, toplumsal kimlik
okuryazarlığı, toplumsal kimlikleri; tanıma, anlama, çözümleme; kimlikler
arasındaki farklılıkları, uyuşmazlıkları ve benzerlikleri fark etme ve bunları
kabullenme, diğer kimliklerle sağlıklı ilişkiler yürütebilme, kendi kimliğini
oluşturma ve dönüştürme noktasında karşılaştığı sorunlarla baş edebilme ve
sorunları çözebilme yeterliliği olarak tanımlanmıştır. Yapılan çalışma, kimlik
ile yeterlilik, farkındalık, bilgi ve beceri arasında bir bağ kurması açısından
öneme sahiptir.
EKONOMİK BÜYÜME VE NİTELİK UYARLANMIŞ BEŞERÎ SERMAYE İLİŞKİSİ: 1976-2013 PANEL VERİ ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: ŞANLI Devran
Published: October 2019

Çalışmada nitelik uyarlanmış
beşeri sermayenin işgücü başına düşen gelir düzeyi üzerindeki etkileri uzun
dönemde analiz edilmektedir. Kullanılan yöntem yatay kesit bağımlılığı ve
heterojenlik koşullarını dikkate alan CCEMG ve AMG tahmincileridir. Çalışma 80
ülkeyi ve 1976-2013 dönemini kapsamaktadır. Sağlıklı sonuçlar alabilmek için
petrol zengini ülkeler veri setine dahil edilmemiştir. Her iki yöntemden elde
edilen katsayılara göre uzun dönemde nitelik uyarlanmış beşeri sermaye işgücü
başına düşen gelir üzerinde pozitif ve anlamlı bir etkiye sahiptir.
Karşılaştırmalı sonuçlara göre nitelik uyarlaması yapılmadan beşeri sermayenin
gelir üzerindeki etkisini ölçmeye çalışmak, değişkenin gerçek etki gücünden
abartılı değerler elde edilmesine yol açmaktadır.
Dōgen and Continental Philosophy
Authors: Wirth Jason M.
Published: October 2019

Continental philosophy, beginning with Kant, has found itself exposed to the abyss of reason. This crisis makes it a more ready dialogue partner with some of the Zen tradition. I explore this opening by bringing Eihei Dōgen (1200–1253) into an encounter with Continental thought, broadly construed. Rather than demonstrate how Dōgen already fits within Continental thought or re-engineering the latter so that he can fit, I argue that this encounter, already precipitated by Continental philosophy’s own acknowledgement of the felix culpa of Western philosophy’s otherwise indefensible overreach, transforms and expands the manners in which thinking counts as philosophical. This is no less than to recover a sense of philosophy as genetic and creative, rather than a shopworn tool kit of universal insights.
Knowing Limits
Authors: Davis Bret W.
Published: October 2019

This essay is about “knowing limits,” both in the sense of acknowledging the inevitable perspectival limits of our knowledge, and in the sense in which the act of knowing delimits the parameters of that which is known. Moreover, it aims to cultivate a versatile perspectivism that is ethically oriented by a capacity for ecstatic empathy rather than an egocentric will to power. The essay begins with an examination of the mind/body problem as a paradigmatic case of perspectival ambiguity, making reference to a wide range of authors. The focus of the central sections of the essay is on Nietzsche and Heidegger, while the final sections are devoted to developing a phenomenological reading of Zhuangzi and Zen. At issue throughout is the articulation of a versatile perspectivism responsive to both the demarcative and disclosive senses of knowing limits.
Wer Griechisch lernt, hat mehr vom Leben!
Authors: Litwan Peter
Published: October 2019

So far the Elegia in commendationem Homeri by Simon Lemnius (1511–1550) has only been edited in an incomplete form (Daphnis 17 (2), 1988, 205 ff.), because the ending of the only known printing at that time was mould-infested and thus illegible. Due to the discovery of an undamaged printing from Wittenberg, the ending is legible as well and the text can now be edited in full, so that the meaning of the title is intelligible at last. Due to other texts bound in the same volume with the two printings, the place of storage and an indication of ownership, maybe even the as yet unknown place of printing, Wittenberg, can be presumed.
The Second Part of the Ideal Theory of John Rawls in The Law of Peoples Transplanted and Revisited
Authors: Varaki Maria
Published: October 2019

John Rawls in the second part of his Ideal Theory as it is developed in the Law of the Peoples, argues that both liberal and non-liberal but decent people can still be considered to be people in good standing in a reasonable society of people and proposes the toleration of non-liberal but decent societies by the liberal ones. Within this framework, the current proposal will focus on the relationship between the ‘West’ and the Russian Federation as it has evolved after the collapse of the Soviet regime through recent developments on human rights protection and the regulation of the use of force or the “law of peace” as Rawls claims. The aim of this endeavor is twofold. First, to provide a critical assessment of liberal theories such as cosmopolitan constitutionalism, which promote a particular liberal understanding of global governance based on common values and universal goals. Second, to examine the potential but also limits of the Rawlsian theory of toleration towards the development of a more pluralistic normative analysis of the global order which will be neither utopian nor apologetic but one that will contribute into the realization of a “realistic utopia” between pure liberal and non-pure liberal states.
The Non-Native Speakers of International Law: The Case of Russia
Authors: Dolidze Anna
Published: October 2019

This article presents a metaphor that might explain Russia’s approach to international law. Drawing on linguistics, the article proposes that Russia has been a non-native speaker of international law. A non-native speaker’s experiences range from estrangement and disengagement from the foreign language and its speech community to that of empowerment and inspiration nurtured by the acquisition of a new language and a new multilingual identity. Thus, as a non-native speaker, Russia has approached international law with two rhetorical moves: as a disaffected foreigner and as an empowered multilingual subject who aspires to uphold and interpret the rules of the language recently acquired. As a multilingual speaker fluent in the language of international law, Russia has asserted control over judgments of grammaticality and has disagreed with previously determined linguistic rules established by the native-speaking community.

The notion of a non-native speaker of international law can apply to states other than Russia. Policymakers and intellectual leaders of other countries, including China, might perceive themselves as non-native speakers in their encounters with the western European foundations of the language of international law. Finally, the article explores the future of international law by asking whether non-native speakers who have been gaining fluency in the parlance of international law will continue to develop their own linguistic repertoire, build their own vocabularies, and advance their own assertions regarding rules of grammar. The future of international law might be diglossic, as two varieties of its language, shared by different speech communities and practiced in different contexts, may be established.
Jesuits and Social Justice
Authors: Cosacchi Daniel
Published: October 2019

This article examines the history of social justice ministries within the Society of Jesus. Despite the fact that the term is fraught by a great disagreement both about its meaning and its place within Jesuit apostolates, successive Jesuit general congregations have upheld its importance over the last five decades. Even though what we now consider to be social justice has been a part of Jesuit life since the order’s founding, this paper primarily considers the period 1974–present, so as to coincide with GC 32 (1974–75). Social justice has taken many forms, based both on geography and personal interests of the particular Jesuit in question. The broad term covers issues such as the Jesuit Refugee Service, the Plowshares Movement, justice in higher education, and Homeboy Industries. Finally, the paper concludes by considering two growing edges for the order regarding social justice: the role of women in Jesuit apostolates, and the ecological question.
The MILAN Campaign: Studying Diel Light Effects on the Air–Sea Interface
Authors: Stolle Christian , Ribas-Ribas Mariana , Badewien Thomas H. , Barnes Jonathan , Carpenter Lucy J. , Chance Rosie , Damgaard Lars Riis , Durán Quesada Ana María , Engel Anja , Frka Sanja , Galgani Luisa , Gašparović Blaženka , Gerriets Michaela , Hamizah Mustaffa Nur Ili , Herrmann Hartmut , Kallajoki Liisa , Pereira Ryan , Radach Franziska , Revsbech Niels Peter , Rickard Philippa , Saint Adam , Salter Matthew , Striebel Maren , Triesch Nadja , Uher Guenther , Upstill-Goddard Robert C. , van Pinxteren Manuela , Zäncker Birthe , Zieger Paul , Wurl Oliver
Published: October 2019

The sea surface microlayer (SML) at the air–sea interface is <1 mm thick, but it is physically, chemically, and biologically distinct from the underlying water and the atmosphere above. Wind-driven turbulence and solar radiation are important drivers of SML physical and biogeochemical properties. Given that the SML is involved in all air–sea exchanges of mass and energy, its response to solar radiation, especially in relation to how it regulates the air–sea exchange of climate-relevant gases and aerosols, is surprisingly poorly characterized. MILAN (Sea Surface Microlayer at Night) was an international, multidisciplinary campaign designed to specifically address this issue. In spring 2017, we deployed diverse sampling platforms (research vessels, radio-controlled catamaran, free-drifting buoy) to study full diel cycles in the coastal North Sea SML and in underlying water, and installed a land-based aerosol sampler. We also carried out concurrent ex situ experiments using several microsensors, a laboratory gas exchange tank, a solar simulator, and a sea spray simulation chamber. In this paper we outline the diversity of approaches employed and some initial results obtained during MILAN. Our observations of diel SML variability show, for example, an influence of (i) changing solar radiation on the quantity and quality of organic material and (ii) diel changes in wind intensity primarily forcing air–sea CO2 exchange. Thus, MILAN underlines the value and the need of multidiciplinary campaigns for integrating SML complexity into the context of air–sea interaction.
Landfalling Tropical Cyclone Research Project (LTCRP) in China
Authors: Duan Yihong , Wan Qilin , Huang Jian , Zhao Kun , Yu Hui , Wang Yuqing , Zhao Dajun , Feng Jianing , Tang Jie , Chen Peiyan , Lu Xiaoqin , Wang Yuan , Liang Jianyin , Wu Liguang , Cui Xiaopeng , Xu Jing , Chan Pak-Wai
Published: October 2019

Landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) often experience drastic changes in their motion, intensity, and structure due to complex multiscale interactions among atmospheric processes and among the coastal ocean, land, and atmosphere. Because of the lack of comprehensive data and low capability of numerical models, understanding of and ability to predict landfalling TCs are still limited. A 10-yr key research project on landfalling TCs was initiated and launched in 2009 in China. The project has been jointly supported by the China Ministry of Science and Technology, China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Ministry of Education, and Chinese Academy of Sciences. Its mission is to enhance understanding of landfalling TC processes and improve forecasting skills on track, intensity, and distributions of strong winds and precipitation in landfalling TCs. This article provides an overview of the project, together with highlights of some new findings and new technical developments, as well as planned future efforts.
The Dilemma of Dissent: Split Judicial Decisions and Compliance With Judgments From the International Human Rights Judiciary
Authors: Naurin Daniel , Stiansen Øyvind
Published: October 2019

The mutual dependence between courts and their compliance constituencies is a fundamental feature of judicial power. Actors whose rights and interests are reinforced by court decisions may use these as legal ammunitions while contributing to ensuring that court decisions are effectively implemented. We argue that judgments that contain dissenting opinions are less powerful in this regard, compared with unanimous decisions. The reason is that dissent reduces the perceived legal authority of the judgment. Using data from the international human rights judiciaries in Europe and the Americas, we provide evidence of a negative relationship between judicial dissent and compliance. Our findings have important implications for questions relating to the institutional design of courts, for courts’ ability to manage compliance problems, and for understanding the conditions for effective international judicial protection of human rights.
Clinical Analysis and CT 3D-Mediated Precise Internal Fixation in Maxillofacial Fracture
Authors: Wubulihasimu Zainure , Tuerhong Meiheriban , Zhang Zhifei , Li Huilin , Kadir Nurahmat , Xie Maxian , Abulaiti Maiheba , Abulaiti Aerzigu , Tulamaiti Nuermaimaiti , Maimaitiming Baikeri , Aili Wurelika , Ni Yusu
Published: October 2019

Background/Purpose:

To retrospectively analyze the epidemiological features, clinical diagnosis, and treatment of 610 patients with maxillofacial fractures, while providing a reference for the prevention and optimized treatment of maxillofacial fractures.

Methods:

Data of patients with maxillofacial fractures who were treated and followed up at the Second People’s Hospital of Kashi Prefecture from June 2012 to April 2018 were summarized. The epidemiological features, clinical manifestations, fracture sites, treatment methods, and results were analyzed.

Results:

The highest incidence was in the age range of 20 to 49 years. The main cause of fracture was traffic injury. Mandibular fractures accounted for 37.77%, zygoma and zygomatic arch fractures for 37.00%, and maxillary fractures for 21.19%. Atypical zygomatic arch fractures were more common in the maxilla, followed by Le Fort I and II fractures. Closed fractures accounted for 85.97%. Many (73.39%) patients were treated with computed tomography 3-dimensional (3D)-mediated precision modified incision internal fixation with satisfactory results.

Conclusions:

There is a high incidence of maxillofacial fractures among young men, especially in summer, with the most common injuries being traffic-related injuries. The most common site is the mandible, followed by the zygomatic arch, zygomatic complex, and maxilla. Computed tomography 3D-mediated precision modified incision internal fixation can achieve satisfactory results.
Teaching for Change: Identities and the Work of Educators of Elementary Children
Authors: Prewitt Dana
Published: October 2019

While extant work demonstrates the impact of teacher and student identities on student achievement, less attention has been directed to how educators situate themselves with their identities and their work. Drawing from in-depth interviews with 21 elementary educators, I argue that educators’ approaches to their students may be partially a reflection of their identities, students’ identities, and their organizational and professional contexts. When drawing upon identities, their actions sought to combat inequalities, issues, and stereotypes confronting their students. The results offer insight on educators’ rationale in interactions with children and suggest that it is worthwhile to further examine educators’ self-reflections about their identities.
Societal coercion and path-dependence: Punishment and Puritanism in contemporary societies
Authors: Zafirovski Milan
Published: October 2019

The article analyzes the connections between societal coercion and punishment in contemporary Western and related societies and a particular form of religion, namely Puritanism and its theocracy. It argues that Puritanism and its theocracy tend to determine the level of coercion and punishment in the US and hence make the latter path-dependent on the former. It traces the historical path from Puritanism in the past to coercion and punishment in the US in later eras and today. It adopts the concept and outlines the model of coercive theocracy represented in a functionalist scheme. It first re-examines the Puritan theocracy in early America, in particular its pervasive use and prescription of capital and harsh punishment and the reign of state terror overall. It then focuses on coercion and punishment in Western and other contemporary societies positing that Puritan theocracy or Puritanism has left an enduring legacy in these practices.
Culture and Love of Money: Evidence From the Iberian Peninsula and U.S. Hispanic Residents
Authors: Marques Tânia M. G. , Crespo Cátia , Menon Sanjay T. , Gomes Jorge F. S. , Gilmartin Sonia R.
Published: October 2019

Money has become a key element in any kind of relationship, both within and outside national borders. However, different cultures may give money a distinct role in society. Hence, the current study investigated the relationship between cultural values and the love of money. A survey was carried out to collect data from 813 individuals in total, 613 Spanish and Portuguese and 200 U.S. Hispanic. The hypotheses were tested through structural equation modeling (SEM) with partial least squares (PLS). Despite several differences in the results of both samples, Iberian and North American Hispanic samples have in common the fact that long-term orientation and indulgence positively influence the love of money budget factor. This study presents new evidence and reinforces fresh insights for managers to better understand their staff worldwide. Furthermore, organizational policies and practices related to ethics and organizational behavior should be adequately implemented, according to the love of money perception of members of their teams.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of specimens produced using the wire-arc additive manufacturing process
Authors: Astarita A , Campatelli G , Corigliano P , Epasto G , Montevecchi F , Scherillo F , Venturini G
Published: October 2019

The additive manufacturing technique is becoming popular and promising in recent years. Some steel ER70S-6 specimens were produced by wire arc additive manufacturing. Before the tensile tests, 3D X-ray computed tomography was applied to detect the presence of internal defects due to the production process. Static tensile tests were performed in order to analyze the influence of the different directions (deposition and layer stacking directions) on the mechanical properties. The digital image correlation technique was applied during the tests for detecting the displacement and strain fields, while infrared thermography was applied for detecting the temperature field of the specimen surface. After the mechanical tests, scanning electron microscopy was employed to analyze the fracture surfaces of the specimens. The results showed the presence of small defects that did not affect the mechanical properties of the specimens and no significant anisotropy was detected in the two directions (deposition and layer stacking directions).
Waiting: Migrant nurses in Norway
Authors: Vaughn Taylor , Seeberg Marie Louise , Gotehus Aslaug
Published: October 2019

Theories of waiting have created interest and discussion among migration scholars and especially in studies of asylum seekers, where imposed waiting is a key part of the experiences studied. ‘Skilled labour migrants’ such as nurses are privileged in many ways, and their migration-induced waiting, although significant, may be less evident to others. This paper uses waiting as a lens to help understand the experiences of nurses coming to Norway for work. We wish to contribute to the discussion about waiting by showing how experiences of waiting in migration may be less determined by structural conditions than has been suggested by the evidence so far. We argue that the experience of waiting arises at the intersection of politically imposed structural conditions and the messiness or complexity of individual, ordinary human lives. For nurses educated in Sweden, the process of registration is straightforward and takes little time. Nurses educated in the Philippines, on the other hand, meet major obstacles in the process, slowing down and sometimes permanently blocking their access to nursing jobs. While one might imagine an ideal, linear career that nurses could be expected to follow or want to follow, real life is not necessarily lived in a linear fashion. We use our material in this article to show how life happens and which role different forms of waiting may play in the deviations from any expected linear career. Viewing individuals from the two groups through the lens of waiting, we find similarities in the complexities of their lives, experiences, and reflections that it would otherwise have been easy to overlook or dismiss.
Managing the Anthropocene: Relational Agency and Power to Respect Planetary Boundaries
Authors: Heikkurinen Pasi , Clegg Stewart , Pinnington Ashly H. , Nicolopoulou Katerina , Alcaraz Jose M.
Published: October 2019

This article examines how agency should be conceptualized to manage the pressing problems of the Anthropocene in support of sustainable change. The article reviews and analyzes literature on agency in relation to planetary boundaries, advancing the relational view of agency in which no actors are granted a primary ontological status, and agency is not limited to humans but may be attributed to other actors. This understanding of agency can effectively contribute to sustainable organizations; on the one hand, it enables non-anthropocentrism and on the other hand, admits that networks bind actors. We conclude that boundary blurring (between actors) and boundary formation (between actors and networks) are complementary processes. Consequently, relationality is proposed as an applicable means of respecting planetary boundaries, while recognizing that all action flows through circuits of power whose obligatory passage points are the major conduits for intervention. Intervention occurs through regulation and nudging action such as ecotaxation.
Wilhelm Uhthoff and Uhthoff’s phenomenon
Authors: Jain Aarushi , Rosso Mattia , Santoro Jonathan D
Published: October 2019

Wilhelm Uhthoff, known for his contributions to both neurology and neuro-ophthalmology, was a German ophthalmologist who specialized in neurologic disorders. The eponym “Uhthoff’s phenomenon” was first used to describe the reversible, transient blurring of vision in patients with multiple sclerosis during exercise. Subsequently, it was discovered that this neurologic sign not only was triggered by physical exertion but also by other homeostatic disruptions such as hot baths, menstruation, and high external temperatures. Here, we take a look at the life and career of Wilhelm Uhthoff and discuss the basis behind this phenomenon.
Data journalism’s many futures: Diagrammatic displays and prospective probabilities in data-driven news predictions
Authors: Pentzold Christian , Fechner Denise
Published: October 2019

This article explores how newsmakers exploit numeric records in order to anticipate the future. As this nascent area of data journalism experiments with predictive analytics, we examine its reports and computer-generated presentations, often infographics and data visualizations, and ask what time frames and topics are covered by these diagrammatic displays. We also interrogate the strategies that are employed in order to modulate the uncertainty involved in calculating for more than one possible outlook. Based on a comprehensive sample of projects, our analysis shows how data journalism seeks accuracy but has to cope with a number of different prospective probabilities and the puzzle of how to address this multiplicity of futures. Despite their predictive ambition, these forecasts are inherently grounded in the past because they are based on archival data. We conclude that this form of quantified premediation limits the range of imaginable future thoughts to one preferred mode, namely extrapolation.
The lived experience of Buddhist-oriented religious coping in late life: Buddhism as a cognitive schema
Authors: Xu Jianbin
Published: October 2019

This article explores how older Buddhists in Singapore use Buddhist beliefs and practices to cope with stress. Semi-structured interviews with six older Buddhists were conducted. Interview transcripts were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Data analysis identified three ways of Buddhist-oriented religious coping: meaning-making coping, meditative coping, and ego-transcendence coping. In meaning-making coping, participants employed the notions of karma and duḥkha to make sense of stress. Participants’ meditative coping methods included visualization and mantra meditation. During ego-transcendence coping, participants drew on the notion of non-attachment to the ego. The three ways of Buddhist-oriented religious coping can be examined in a Buddhism-as-cognitive-schema perspective.
Trajectory analysis for postoperative pain using electronic health records: A nonparametric method with robust linear regression and K-medians cluster analysis
Authors: Weng Yingjie , Tian Lu , Tedesco Dario , Desai Karishma , Asch Steven M , Carroll Ian , Curtin Catherine , McDonald Kathryn M , Hernandez-Boussard Tina
Published: October 2019

Postoperative pain scores are widely monitored and collected in the electronic health record, yet current methods fail to fully leverage the data with fast implementation. A robust linear regression was fitted to describe the association between the log-scaled pain score and time from discharge after total knee replacement. The estimated trajectories were used for a subsequent K-medians cluster analysis to categorize the longitudinal pain score patterns into distinct clusters. For each cluster, a mixture regression model estimated the association between pain score and time to discharge adjusting for confounding. The fitted regression model generated the pain trajectory pattern for given cluster. Finally, regression analyses examined the association between pain trajectories and patient outcomes. A total of 3442 surgeries were identified with a median of 22 pain scores at an academic hospital during 2009–2016. Four pain trajectory patterns were identified and one was associated with higher rates of outcomes. In conclusion, we described a novel approach with fast implementation to model patients’ pain experience using electronic health records. In the era of big data science, clinical research should be learning from all available data regarding a patient’s episode of care instead of focusing on the “average” patient outcomes.
Mythmaking as a feminist strategy: Rosi Braidotti’s political myth
Authors: Kjellgren Adam
Published: October 2019

This article makes visible some of the premises that underlie Rosi Braidotti’s use of (political) myth. Focusing on some well-known characteristics of postmodernity, as well as the development of a new philosophy of subjectivity, I account for the divergence between Simone de Beauvoir, who thought of myth as a severe hindrance to the subject-becoming of women, and postmodern feminists, such as Donna Haraway and Braidotti, who represent a more affirmative stance. Through pinning down both similarities and differences between Haraway and Braidotti, I demonstrate that postmodern feminists might still promote mythmaking for dissimilar reasons. I argue that Braidotti, in contrast to Haraway, approaches myth from a horizon partly shaped by an anti-rationalist or ‘demonic’ philosophical tradition, whose chief representative is Friedrich Nietzsche. By studying the argument delivered by the latter in defence of myth, I extract a conceptual distinction between the ‘Apolline’ and the ‘Dionysiac’ aspects of mythmaking, by which it becomes possible to further qualify Braidotti’s philosophy of political myth.
Green Consumer Behavior: The Case of Czech Consumers of Generation Y
Authors: Průša Přemysl , Sadílek Tomáš
Published: October 2019

The aim of this article is to reveal the perception of green marketing by young consumers from Generation Y and present a research model with variables that influence green consumer behavior (GCB). As the main method, we used a questionnaire survey with a sample of 520 respondents, mainly students at the University of Economics in Prague. Results were subjected to exploratory factor analysis, which examined convergent and discriminant validity. Finally, a model with four variables (Environmentalism, Preference, Payment, Tolerance) that influence GCB was confirmed. Recommendations of the research enable us to better understand the reasons why consumers from Generation Y do, or do not, buy green products. Firms can better focus their marketing strategies and communications with respect to variables that influence GCB. This research uncovers Generation Y consumers’ distinct preferences toward GCB. It also contributes to theoretical and practical aspects of GCB and has implications for research and practice, as green marketing continues to be an important issue. In terms of practical application in industry, the research’s outcomes are essential to promote better market demand, segmentation, targeting, and positioning of green products for Generation Y consumers.