bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Critical food guidance for tackling food waste in Canada
Authors: Soma Tammara
Published: April 2022

Food waste is a complex problem with far reaching negative environmental, social, and economic impacts. To identify appropriate solutions to address food waste, the food recovery hierarchy developed by the Environmental Protection Agency is currently the most popular guiding framework in food waste prevention and reduction. However, this paper found that the application and the interpretation of the guide is quite problematic due to its lack of consideration of scale in efforts to prevent and reduce food loss and waste. Furthermore, the food recovery hierarchy is premised on a linear food supply chain instead of a circular approach. Although the hierarchy recommends prevention as the most preferred approach, it still provides the option (albeit less preferred) to landfill food waste. Based on values and worldviews that potentially serve as better tools for food waste prevention and reduction, this paper explores the tensions within the food recovery hierarchy framework and identifies alternative critical food guidance developed in a Canadian social innovation lab.
food charter as a critical food guidance tool in a rural area
Authors: Cole Donald , Needham Laura , Markowitz Philly
Published: April 2022

Food charters have been one means of mobilizing critical food guidance relevant discussions among stakeholders and policy makers in rural areas.  As actors in the rural food system of Grey and Bruce counties, we describe the counties' charter development led by the Food Security Action Group.  We deepen discussion of each of the six domains (health, social justice, culture, education, sustainable economic development, and environment) through examples of alternative food initiatives and practices, which both informed the charter and were supported by it.  We emphasize the cross-domain synergies realized as examples of critical food guidance, while cautioning about the constraints facing county efforts in the face of ongoing changes at provincial to global levels that are not consonant with the Food Charter vision.
How to enhance the good health and well-being of Canadians:
Authors: Moubarac Jean-Claude , Polsky Jane Y. , Nardocci Milena , Cannon Geoffrey
Published: April 2022

Diet-related diseases and disorders in Canada are a national public health emergency, now and as projected. One main reason is that the national food supply has become increasingly dominated by ultra-processed food and drink products, mostly snacks, that displace dietary patterns based on fresh meals. Policies and practices that will enhance the good health and well-being of Canadians of all ages, regions, classes, and social and ethnic groups, and that will benefit society, the economy, and the environment forever, are immediate and imperative priorities. Current programs, including the 2019 Canada’s Food Guide, are moving in the right direction, but are too slow and have notable limitations. Compelling and consistent evidence from studies conducted in Canada and by independent research teams all over the world shows that the main issue with food, nutrition, and health is not nutrients, as has been assumed, but the nature, purpose, and degree of food processing. This is already recognized by UN agencies and an increasing number of national governments. This review examines the evidence on the impact of diets high in ultra-processed food on human and planetary health. It also comments on recent Canadian food guidance. It then introduces the NOVA classification, which takes food processing into account, and analyzes the recent Canadian diet in terms of food processing. Finally, this review proposes healthy eating and policy recommendations that strengthen the 2019 Food Guide, so as to reduce the burden of diet-related disease and enhance the health and well-being of the Canadian people.
Reframing food as a commons in Canada
Authors: Koberinski Jodi , Vivero-Pol Jose Luis , LeBlanc Joseph
Published: April 2022

This paper interrogates the role of the dominant narrative of “food-as-commodity” in framing food systems policy in Canada. Human values shape policies, usually privileging those policies that are aligned with dominant values and neglecting others that confront dominant values. In that sense, valuing food as a commodity privileges specific market-based policy goals, regulations, and public subsidies that aim to enlarge market coverage. This prioritizes both corporate profit over societies´ common good and private enclosures of commons resources over universal access to food for all. Conversely, the normative shift this paper proposes—valuing and governing food as a commons—could enable socio-ecologically based policy goals and regulations, and redirect public subsidies to support customary and contemporary practices that produce and distribute food differently. Such a normative shift, scholars have argued, is a prerequisite for developing legal frameworks that lead to more and better 1) self-production; 2) stewardship of natural commons; and 3) civic participation in the governance of a resource that is essential for everybody´s survival. Valuing food as a commons can provide a complementary narrative to alternative civic claims such as food sovereignty, agro-ecology, or food justice.
In this paper, we begin by outlining the theoretical basis for our investigation into the role of food valuation in the critical food guidance shaping public policy. Next, we provide an overview of the concept of food as commons through the multidimensional food values framework and offer a tri-centric governance model to frame the analysis. Following a brief policy context for Indigenous food initiatives in Canada, we then provide three case studies involving Anishnaabek food systems to explore valuation of food beyond commodity in customary and contemporary food systems. Finally, we discuss how valuing food as a commons offers critical food guidance for addressing multiple socio-ecological issues connected with food systems policy in the Canadian settler colonial context.
Critical perspectives on food guidance
Authors: Sumner Jennifer , Desjardins Ellen
Published: April 2022

Critical food guidance began as an inspiration, blossomed into a concept and then became a focal point for thinking about food system change. It will continue to evolve as we grapple with the complexities of the industrial food system and work toward alternative approaches.
            As a step in the evolution of a multi-dimensional approach to food, this themed issue asks three basic questions: critical guidance for what, for whom, and by whom? While engaging with these questions, the authors have put forward critical concepts, proposed mindful decision-making, provided contexts for transformation, and presented innovative applications—all with the purpose of spurring broader thinking about food choices that can benefit both food system sustainability and human health
Environmental Factors Affecting Prevalence of Allergic Diseases in Elementary School Children in a Province
Authors: Kim Hyun
Published: April 2022

Background: The aim of the study was to investigate the association between allergic diseases and their relating factors in elementary school children living in an urban area.Methods: A self-reported International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire survey for allergic diseases was conducted for students aged 8-10 years enrolled in 31 elementary schools in Korea. The questionnaire contained children’s disease history, parent’s history, and environmental risk factors. The total of 3,554 children participated in the study from April to May in 2017. The data were analyzed using a chi-square test and logistic regression with SPSS 22.0.Results: Allergic diseases' relating factors were fur toys, indoor chemical products, humid indoor environment, use of humidifier, and mold experience.Conclusions: Based on the research results, research and education plans to improve the indoor environment were discussed.
Metacognição em um jogo educativo orientado pelo processo de enfermagem sobre distúrbios eletrolíticos
Authors: Peixoto Mauricio Abreu Pinto , Brandão Marcos Antônio Gomes , Saraiva Débora Lucy Santos , Souto Jaqueline da Silva Soares , Xavier César Silva , Santos Luciana Rocha dos
Published: April 2022

Resumo Objetivos Descrever os eventos metacognitivos contidos nos relatos de alunos de enfermagem após participação em jogo educativo e identificar as operações metacognitivas presentes nos relatos de alunos de enfermagem após participação no jogo educativo. Método Estudo qualitativo para a compreensão de eventos e processos metacognitivos de vinte e seis estudantes engajados na solução de um caso de distúrbios eletrolíticos, orientados pelo processo de enfermagem. Dados coletados por entrevista semiestruturada. Análise de conteúdo com categorias teóricas da metacognição para procedimentos dedutivos e classificatórios. Resultados Foram identificadas quinze características do processo e do controle durante o jogo, com operações metacognitivas a partir de eventos metacognitivos presentes nas falas dos participantes do jogo. As fases de antecipação, de controle da performance e de autorregulação reflexiva foram utilizadas para classificar as quinze características emergentes da tarefa. Conclusão A participação em um jogo educacional orientado à aprendizagem do processo de enfermagem pode evidenciar descrições de eventos metacognitivos, clarificando processos mentais. Implicações para a prática Conhecer as características de um trajeto metacognitivo mais comum pode facilitar a atuação do professor como mediador e facilitador da aprendizagem em aspectos específicos.
Assistência de enfermagem ao paciente com sepse: análise à luz do modelo conceitual de Myra Levine
Authors: Moreira Déborah Albuquerque Alves , Braga Douglas Vieira , Viana Maria Corina Amaral , Oliveira Dayanne Rakelly de , Oliveira Célida Juliana de , Cavalcante Edilma Gomes Rocha
Published: April 2022

RESUMO Objetivo estimular a reflexão acerca da assistência de enfermagem ao paciente com sepse a partir dos quatro princípios de conservação propostos pelo modelo conceitual de Myra Levine. Método estudo teórico-reflexivo sobre a relação existente entre os princípios de conservação de Levine e o paciente com sepse. Resultados vigilância aos princípios da conservação da energia observando oferta do oxigênio, idade dos pacientes e os parâmetros energéticos (sinais vitais); da integridade estrutural ao reconhecer precocemente às disfunções orgânicas no pacote hora-1; da integridade pessoal ao preservar a identidade do cliente com dificuldade de verbalizar ou outra condição e da integridade social ao relacionar-se com o paciente e família incluindo-os no processo de cuidado. Conclusão e implicações para a prática os princípios de conservação do modelo proposto apresentam relação com a assistência realizada pela equipe de enfermagem na manutenção do equilíbrio físico, pessoal e social do paciente com sepse. Espera-se que os enfermeiros articulem o conhecimento científico geral da assistência ao paciente com sepse ao seu conhecimento específico, por meio de um referencial teórico, para a promoção da adaptação, conservação e integridade do indivíduo.
Vigilância Epidemiológica: breve histórico e a experiência dos Estados Unidos e do estado de São Paulo
Authors: Barata Rita Barradas
Published: April 2022

Objetivo: O objetivo desta revisão narrativa foi elencar alguns aspectos históricos da constituição desse modelo tecnológico de intervenção, inicialmente desenhado para auxiliar no controle das doenças transmissíveis, no último século. Métodos: Narrativa construída a partir de textos selecionados, para registrar o desenvolvimento da vigilância epidemiológica nos Estados Unidos e no estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Resultados: São apresentadas as origens de algumas das ações componentes do repertório da vigilância epidemiológica, e uma breve história da construção do originalmente nomeado Center for Disease Control, agência norte-americana exemplar na forma como se faz vigilância em praticamente todo o mundo. Do mesmo modo, são delineados os caminhos que levaram à organização do sistema de vigilância no estado paulista, traçando alguns paralelos com o sistema nacional. Conclusão: A narrativa é concluída com uma diferenciação conceitual entre vigilância epidemiológica, monitoramento e vigilância em saúde.
PODCAST COMO FERRAMENTA EDUCACIONAL NA PANDEMIA DE COVID-19
Authors: Rodrigues Caio Henrique Pinke , Ferreira-Júnior Angelo Alves , Cintra Álefe Saloum , Luiz Alan Vinícius Assunção , Fernandes Ana Paula Morais , Bruni Aline Thais , Nascimento Ana Carolina Dalbó do
Published: April 2022

Neste trabalho, objetivou-se identificar podcasts aplicados à educação ou que pudessem ser utilizados com esta finalidade, que tivessem a pandemia da COVID-19 como temática central ou que englobassem o assunto em seus conteúdos, com vistas a sugerir o uso desta ferramenta como metodologia complementar no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Foram identificados e avaliados 36 podcasts conforme a taxonomia proposta. Destes, 19 compuseram a amostra final. Observou-se que os conteúdos abrangiam diversos níveis de ensino, o que demonstra potencial aplicação frente aos novos desafios educacionais. Não obstante, os podcasts atravessam diferentes áreas do conhecimento permitindo uma interdisciplinaridade mais efetiva. Entende-se assim que os podcasts podem ser utilizados em diferentes momentos e com diferentes metodologias de ensino. Além disso, a ferramenta possibilita a inclusão de diferentes peculiaridades no processo de ensino-aprendizagem e torna o processo pedagógico plural.
ANOS POTENCIAIS DE VIDA PERDIDOS POR AIDS ENTRE MULHERES VIVENDO COM HIV NO SUL DO BRASIL
Authors: Bernardelli Maiton , Stahnke Douglas Nunes , Pattussi Marcos Pascoal , López Laura Cecilia , Gonçalves Tonantzin Ribeiro
Published: April 2022

Objetivo: investigar a mortalidade por HIV/aids entre mulheres de Porto Alegre/RS utilizando o índice de Anos Potenciais de Vida Perdidos e identificar associações com vulnerabilidade social. Metodologia: Estudo ecológico considerando óbitos por HIV/aids de mulheres entre 15 a 75 anos de idade (CID- B20-24) entre 2007 a 2017. Foram calculados valores brutos e taxas de APVP/1.000 óbitos considerando os distritos sanitários e a raça/cor. Realizou-se correlação de Pearson para aferir associações. Resultados: Entre 1.539 óbitos por HIV/aids identificados, houve 51,075 APVP, o que representou 86,52 anos perdidos para cada 1000 mulheres, com média de 32,53 APVP por óbito. Identificou-se maior percentual de óbitos em mulheres de raça/cor branca (53,44%), mas maior taxa de APVP entre as mulheres negras (200,36 APVP/1000), com média de 33,38 anos perdidos. Conclusão: Mulheres vivendo com HIV negras e em maior vulnerabilidade social tiveram maiores taxas de APVP, revelando o impacto de desigualdades raciais na mortalidade.
Crisis Liquidity Facilities with Nonbank Counterparties: Lessons from the Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility
Authors: Pence Karen M. , Meisenzahl Ralf R.
Published: April 2022

In response to immense strains in the asset-backed securities market in 2008 and 2020, the Federal Reserve and the U.S. Treasury twice launched the Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility (TALF). TALF was an unusual crisis facility because it provided loans to a wide range of nonbank financial institutions. Using detailed loan-level data unexplored by previous researchers, we study the behavior of nonbank borrowers in TALF. We find the extent to which the actions of these borrowers supported key program goals--stabilizing markets quickly, winding down the program when it was no longer needed, providing liquidity to a wide range of assets, and having borrowers internalize credit risk rather than shift it to the government--were related to institutional differences across nonbanks. Since all TALF borrowers faced the same program terms and conditions, our study is able to highlight the role of these institutional constraints.
[RETRACTED] Pure Botanical CBD Gummies - Well Known At This Point? v1
Authors: Alon Assaf
Published: April 2022

[RETRACTED]

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[RETRACTED] Hazel Hills CBD Gummies It Reduces All Chronic Pain & Anxiety *Buy Now* v1
Authors: cbd Gummies Natures
Published: April 2022

[RETRACTED]

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Natural hypothetic oligonucleotide modifiers, activity regulators and theoretical minimal RNA rings ordering processes of expression and modification of genes / genome
Authors: Deichman A. M.
Published: April 2022

A special hypothetical mechanism of variable Individual Epitope Reverse Translation (at least 2 types) of eukaryotic cell is probably capable of reproducing primary linear (sens- / antisense-, CRISPR-, repeat-like, etc.) and secondary conformational (similar to quadruplexs, RNA-hairpins, RNA-ring-structures; etc.) oligonucleotide structures formed in the mitochondrial membrane-bound supramolecular and containing nanomolecular inclusions hypothetical particle of the retranslosome. This is the so-called nucleic acid equivalents of protein epitope, oligo-NEs, monomeric in ~15–30 and oligomeric in ~(15–30)n nucleotides, potentially capable of participating in the regulation of expression (activation, termination, switching) and modification of genes / genome, as well as in the creation protein / enzyme-containing nucleoprotein platform- / module- / complex-like formations in normal, pathologically altered (in particular, tumor) and virus-infected cells. Recently, in the GenBank databases, they are shown realistically and built / calculated bioinformatically in silico so-called minimum theoretical of 22 nucleotides and longer RNAring (stem-loop) structures, the composition of which depends, firstly, on constantly occurring chemical and enzymatic processes (including deamination mutations), and the properties of which, secondly, link, respectively, with the early (era of the so-called circular code) and later (era of modern universal coding, including the circular code as a component) evolutionary periods of the formation of the whole genetic code. It is generally accepted that the emergence and formation, respectively, of early evolutionary (proto-tRNA, proto-rRNA) and modern variants of molecules of the translational machine of mitochondria and cytoplasm is associated with stem-loop RNA-ring structures, similar to independently proposed oligo-NEs, such as tRNA, rRNA and gene products of ribosomal and other proteins.
Possibilities of immunotropic drugs of thymic origin in cancer patients
Authors: Pasova I. A. , Grivtsova L. Yu. , Mushkarina T. Yu. , Gelm Yu. V. , Ivanov S. A.
Published: April 2022

Introduction. At present, in the light of impressive scientific achievements in tumor immunology, the question of the need for immunotherapeutic support in the treatment of cancer patients is especially relevant. Increasing attention is paid to the quality of life of patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy. However, the standards of immunotropic therapy in the complex and combined treatment of an oncological patient have not yet been developed. In the Russian Federation, more than 30 years ago, Timalin, a complex of peptides of thymic origin, was registered and approved for use in cancer patients.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential of Timalin to improve the quality of life of cancer patients during standard therapy.

Materials and methods. The study included 20 cancer patients, mostly with III–IV stages of the disease. All patients underwent a study of immunological status indicators before the start of therapy. The main indicators of cellular and humoral immunity were assessed: T-cells, B-cells, NKT-cells, activation markers, NK-cells, immunoregulatory index. All patients received Timalin. To assess the quality of life of patients, a questionnaire was used: EQ-5D before the start of Timalin immunotherapy, then once a week for one course lasting 1 month.

Results. After 1 month 9 patients responded that their health status increased by 20 points (on a 100‑point scale), 3 patients by 15 points, and 8 patients by 10 points. Against the background of immunotherapeutic support, all patients noted a decrease in the level of side effects in the process of special treatment for the underlying disease.

Conclusion. The article shows that before treatment, the indicators of the immune status and the condition of patients required immunocorrective therapy. Substantiated conclusions were made about the need to consider the inclusion of thymic peptides in the standards of care for cancer patients.
Antitumor efficiency of sonodynamic therapy in combination with chlorine-based photosensitizer in experiments
Authors: Protopovich E. L. , Tzerkovsky D. A.
Published: April 2022

Introduction. Sonodynamic therapy is a topical research area in experimental oncology. The method is based on the combined use of photosensitizing agents with ultrasonic radiation with certain parameters. The result of this interaction is the induction of sonochemical reactions and the effect of cavitation in the tumor cell. The consequence is its death (apoptosis, autophagy).

The study objective is to investigate the antitumor efficacy of sonodynamic therapy with a chlorine-based photosensitizer (PS) in an experiments on laboratory animals with transplantable tumors.

Materials and methods. The experimental study was performed on 50 white outbred rats weighing 250 ± 50 grams. Subcutaneously transplanted Pliss lymphosarcoma (PLS) and alveolar liver cancer RS1 (RS1) were used as tumor models. Chlorine-based PS (Belmedpreparaty, Republic Belarus) was injected intravenously at a dose of 2.5 mg / kg. The ultrasound sessions (US) were carried out 2.5–4 hours (depending on the tumor strain) after the administration of the PS using the device Phyaction U (Gymna Yniphy, Belgium) with frequencies of 1.04 and 3 MHz, intensity of 2 W / cm2 and duration of 10 minutes in continuous mode. For each of the tumor model the study was performed on 25 laboratory animals subdivided into groups of 5 individuals: intact control, US 1.04 MHz; US 3 MHz; PS + US 1.04 MHz and PS + US 3 MHz. The criteria for assessing the antitumor efficacy were indicators of the dynamics of the growth of transplanted tumors: аverage volume of tumors (Vav, cm3), the coefficient of tumor growth inhibition (TGI, %), coefficient of absolute growth of tumors (K) and the frequency of complete regressions 60 days after treatment (%).

Results. For PLS Vav in groups were 32.72 ± 7.23; 26.81 ± 1.06; 14.80 ± 5.08; 9.37 ± 6.05 and 22.25 ± 4.91 cm3, respectively (p ˂0.05). The coefficients TGI in the experimental groups were 20.27; 54.77; 71.36 and 31.99 %, respectively. Indicators K in groups were 21.64; 14.52; 6.12; 4.91 and 15.34, respectively. The frequency of complete tumor regressions 60 days after the start of the experiment was 0, 20, 20, 40 and 0 %, respectively. For RS1 Vav in groups were 23.29 ± 5.11; 6.22 ± 2.22; 11.78 ± 4.57; 6.38 ± 2.57 and 13.06 ± 3.53 cm3, respectively (p ˂0.05). The coefficient of TGI in the experimental groups were 73.25; 49.42; 72.60 and 43.92 %, respectively. Indicators K in groups were: 8.34; 1.11; 3.39; 2.91 and 5.05, respectively. The frequency of complete tumor regressions 60 days after the start of the experiment was 0, 0, 0, 40 and 0 %, respectively.

Conclusions. The data obtained indicate a trend towards an increase in the antitumor effectiveness of the combined use of PS and sonodynamic therapy on various histological structures and growth patterns of transplanted tumors, as well as the prospects for further studies of the sonosensitizing properties of photosensitizing agents.
Efficiency of use of machine and tractor units operating with elastic damping drives of driving wheels
Authors: Polivaev Oleg I. , Pilyaev Sergei N. , Bolotov Dmitry B.
Published: April 2022

Nowadays an urgent direction in agriculture is the issue of increasing the volume of production. In order to do this, it is necessary to have powerful energy facilities operating at high speed modes. But at the same time, the increased vibrations appear in the tractor transmission, which are transmitted from the soil. These fluctuations negatively affect the units and assemblies of the mobile power plant, lead to an increase in the consumption of fuel and lubricants, a deterioration in the ride smoothness, and also have a negative effect on the health of the vehicle operator. For this reason, it is necessary to improve the design of modern mobile power tools.

Analysis of works on this topic has shown that the most effective way to protect against dynamic loads from external influences is the setting of elastic elements in the final link of the transmission. The paper analyzes various designs of elastic damping drives (EDD). The design of the EDD of driving wheels was proposed (utility model patent of the Russian Federation No. 203460). The proposed blade EDD is rigidly fixed on the wheel disk and has two cavities. The forward stroke cavity is connected to two gas-hydraulic accumulators, one of which has an adjustable throttle, and the second cavity of the return stroke is connected to one gas-hydraulic accumulator. Both cavities of the damper are filled with a magneto-rheological fluid, which viscosity changes by electromagnetic coils, depending on changes in the oscillations of the moment on the semi-axes. The drives were installed on the MTZ-80.1 tractor. The studies were carried out as part of transport and arable units. When working with a transport unit on a dirt road due to the EDD the slipping of the propellers is reduced and the speed of movement is increased by 69 %. When the tractor is plowing, the skidding of the propellers is reduced by 1016 %, and the speed of movement is increased by 712 %. This increases the productivity of the tractor unit by 612 %.
Optimization of regional analgesia after total knee arthroplasty based on ipack-block
Authors: Ezhevskaya Anna A. , Zhulina Eugenia A. , Andrianova Tatyana O. , Morunova Anna Yu.
Published: April 2022

AIM: To study the efficacy and safety of a combination of the IPACK and the adductor canal blocks (ACB) and compare with the femoral nerve block after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Double-blind, prospective, randomized, controlled trial with 101 patients. Three groups were distinguished, differing in the chosen method of regional anesthesia. Group 1 included patients with a combination of afferent canal block and IPACK block, group 2 included patients with femoral nerve block, and group 3 included patients with femoral nerve block and IPACK block. Pain at rest and during movement, the need for opioid analgesics in the postoperative period, and the possibility of early activation of patients after knee arthroplasty were assessed on a visual analog scale. The incidence of side effects associated with regional anesthesia was also noted.
RESULTS: The study showed that the combination of adductor canal blockade and IPACK blockade showed the best effectiveness of pain syndrome control. Patients were less likely to need narcotic analgesics, there was no development of motor block and, as a result, patients were more satisfied with anesthesia. The combination of blockades made it possible to accelerate the rehabilitation of patients in the postoperative period, due to a decrease in pain and the absence of a motor block.
CONCLUSIONS: The use of IPACK blockade in combination with adductor canal blockade provides effective analgesia and reduces the use of analgesics, as well as increases the patient's rehabilitation potential.
Is wound catheter needed for local high-volume infiltration anesthesia in total knee replacement?
Authors: Tarasov Dmitry A. , Bagdasarov Pavel S. , Yavorovskiy Andrey G. , Lychagin Alexey V.
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: The use of local high-volume infiltration anesthesia (LHVIA) is becoming increasingly popular for postoperative analgesia in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, one of the elements of the technique is the use of an intraarticular or wound catheter to prolong the analgesic effect.
AIM: Therefore, the investigation aimed to estimate wound catheter use as a component of LHVIA in TKA.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 102 patients who underwent primary TKA for stage 3 gonarthrosis under spinal anesthesia with intravenous sedation. Two groups were formed by envelope randomization: the LHVIAc group (n=51) in which the wound catheter was placed at the end of the operation and followed by the infusion of the local anesthetic solution for 24 h; and the LHVIA group (n=51) in which the patients were treated without a catheter.
RESULTS: The groups were comparable in terms of sex, age, and the nature of the pathology. The LHVIAc group showed a significantly decreased severity of pain in 46 h after surgery, both at rest and during flexion of the knee (p=0.001 and p=0.003). On postoperative day 1, the use of the wound catheter contributed to a significantly decreased severity of pain syndrome when flexing the knee (p=0.002). No infectious complications or significant adverse reactions were recorded in the groups.
CONCLUSION: 1) LHVIA is an effective method of postoperative analgesia in TKA; 2) the use of the catheter in the early postoperative period increased the analgesic effect of LHVIA without increasing the frequency of infectious and other complications; 3) the use of the wound catheter reduced the severity of pain syndrome in postoperative day 1 during activation, which facilitates postoperative rehabilitation of patients with TKA.
Method for assessing the degree of external dislocation of an epidural catheter when carrying out a combined two-level spinal-epidural anesthesia
Authors: Yamshchikov Oleg N. , Marchenko Alexander P. , Emelyanov Sergei A. , Cherkaeva Alexandra V. , Ignatova Marina A. , Marchenko Ruslan A.
Published: April 2022

AIM: To present the practical importance of the proposed method for assessing the degree of external dislocation of an epidural catheter in the daily work of an anesthesiologist-resuscitator, with which a doctor can assess the risk of deterioration in the quality of anesthesia and, using the developed algorithm, take measures to prevent epidural catheter loss and epidural analgesia termination.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study selected 62 patients who underwent the two-level combined spinal-epidural anesthesia with fixation of an epidural catheter in the subcutaneous canal during operations of lower limbs fractures. All patients underwent postoperative epidural analgesia.
A method for assessing the degree of external dislocation of an epidural catheter and an algorithm of actions when detecting a dislocation of an epidural catheter has been developed. The degree of dislocation of the epidural catheter was assessed when changing the fixing aseptic sticker and additional measures were taken to enhance the fixation of the epidural catheter when a pronounced dislocation was detected.
RESULTS: The use of the method for assessing the degree of external dislocation of the epidural catheter and the implementation of the algorithm of actions upon the detection of the epidural catheter dislocation made the conduction of high-quality postoperative anesthesia in 61 patients possible. In 10 patients, when a pronounced dislocation was detected and the threat of the epidural catheter was loss (dislocation of 45 degrees, 1530 mm), special fixation devices Epi-Fix were used for additional fixation, which made the continuation of the epidural analgesia possible.
In the first case (1.61%), wherein epidural analgesia had to be discontinued after 48 h, the 6th degree of dislocation of the epidural catheter (33 mm) was established and the catheter was removed. Postoperative pain relief was continued with the introduction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
CONCLUSIONS: Using the method for assessing the degree of external dislocation of an epidural catheter in the daily practice of an anesthesiologist-resuscitator assessed the risk of deterioration and termination of epidural anesthesia possible, thus prevention measures were performed.
Erector spinae plane blockade in the complex of anesthesia support of aldosteroma surgery
Authors: Neymark Mikhail I. , Kiselev Roman V. , Goncharov Evgeniy V.
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: The only radical method of treatment of hormonally active adrenal tumors is retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy. The modern approach dictates the principles of multimodal analgesia, and avoidance of narcotic analgesics. On the other hand, early activation of such patients in the postoperative period entails a more pronounced postoperative pain syndrome. The relevance of these problems makes us think about better tactics of perioperative management of such patients.
AIM: Feasibility of ESP blockade as a component of analgesia during retroperitoneoscopic surgeries for aldosteroma.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomized study was conducted in 41 patients who underwent retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy for aldosteroma. The patients were divided into 2 groups. In the 1st group the operation was carried out under combined anesthesia with Desflurane inhalation and perioperative analgesia by systemic injection of opioids; in the 2nd group the operation was carried out under combined anesthesia with Desflurane inhalation in combination with fascial blockade of the rectifying spine muscle at the operation site by 0.35% Ropivacaine solution.
RESULTS: The use of ESP blockade as an analgesic component of combined anesthesia is indicated for retroperitoneoscopic surgeries for aldosteroma. Firstly, its implementation excludes the use of opioids during anesthesia, which allows to implement the principles of accelerated rehabilitation surgery (ERAS). Secondly, low-flow Desflurane inhalation combined with ESP blockade provides adequate anesthesia during unilateral adrenalectomy for aldosteroma. Thirdly, the analgesic effect of ESP blockade extends to the early postoperative period.
CONCLUSIONS:
The use of ESP block in combination with low flow Desflurane inhalation can be considered as the anesthesia method of choice for retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy for aldosteroma.
This technology allows to implement ERAS principles.
The use of ESP block reduces the number of postoperative complications associated with the use of narcotic analgesics.
To the problem of death of children from closure of respiratory tract by foreign object: expert observation
Authors: Lavrukova Olga S. , Polyakov Аleksei Yu. , Beraya Roman F. , Popov Vyacheslav L.
Published: April 2022

In the special forensic literature, information on the deaths of children from mechanical asphyxiation as a result of closure of the airways by foreign objects is small and fragmentary, a small number of works are devoted to them, despite the fact that the social significance of this problem is great.
An expert observation of a case of asphyxia developed in a child as a result of closure of the upper respiratory tract by a foreign object is given. The child played for 1.5 years and suddenly began to choke. A forensic examination of the corpse revealed the presence of a foreign body (part of a childs toy) in the area of the vocal cords, completely covering the lumen of the entrance to the larynx; acute pulmonary bloating, hemorrhages in soft tissues from the area of entrance to the larynx, foci of acute pulmonary alveoli emphysema, hemorrhages in pulmonary tissue, signs of rapid death.
Forensic medical diagnosis: mechanical asphyxia from closing the lumen of the respiratory tract with a foreign body (the presence of a foreign body in the vocal cords, completely blocking the lumen of the entrance to the larynx; acute swelling of the lungs, hemorrhages in the soft tissues from the entrance to the larynx, foci of acute emphysema of the pulmonary alveoli, hemorrhages in the lung tissue, signs of rapid death).
The work of a forensic medical expert is often hampered by the lack of clinical data and the circumstances of the incident, as well as difficulties in interpreting the results of the study. In cases where adults are present during the aspiration of a foreign body by a child, respiratory failure is recorded with cyanosis of the face, breath holding, followed by paroxysmal unproductive cough, which indicates an existing threat of asphyxia. In this expert observation, the detailed circumstances of the incident provided by law enforcement agencies and the asphyxic alertness of the expert helped to establish the cause of death and formulate a forensic diagnosis and conclusions. However, it is important to understand that cases of death of children from obstructive asphyxia are potentially preventable and require targeted preventive work.
Features of gunshot bullet injuries resulting from ricochet when firing from smooth-bore weapons, depending on pre-barrier distance
Authors: Gusentsov Alexandr O.
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: According to the literature, the speed and kinetic energy of the bullet within 100 m of flight varies slightly, on the basis of which we put forward a scientific hypothesis that there were no significant changes in the picture of gunshot injuries formed when firing a hunting rifle and subsequent ricochet, when changing the values of pre-grade distance.
AIMS: Determining the effect of the pre-barrier distance on the characteristic of gunshot injuries resulting from a bullet ricochet when fired from a smooth-bore weapon.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A ballistic experiment was conducted to model the ricochet of a bullet and the formation of gunshot damage to stray targets when fired from a 12-caliber IZh-27 M hunting rifle using 12/70 Gold hunting bullet cartridges with a 32 gr Gualandi bullet, at a barrier of steel brand St45, at a meeting angle of 30 degrees, from the pre-barrier distance values 12346810 m. The formed damage was subjected to visual examination, measurement, microscopic, photographic, research in ultraviolet and infrared rays, contact-diffusion, mathematical-statistical methods.
RESULTS: The study demonstrated that the change in the pre-barrier distance values within these limits does not lead to the formation of statistically significant differences in the main parameters characterizing gunshot injuries: shape, presence of a tissue defect, dimensions of injuries, coincidence of the orientation of the longitudinal axis of the damage with the longitudinal axis of the barrier, the presence and dimensions of additional damage, the dimensions of wiping areas in the area of additional damage, the sizes of products of the shot deposition areas on the target surface (p 0,050).
CONCLUSION: Established patterns can be used in conducting ballistic experiments to model a bullet ricochet, as well as for reconstructing the circumstances of the incident during a situational examination in cases of gunshot injuries formed as a result of a ricochet when firing from a smooth-bore weapon.
Forensic evaluation of ankle injury sustained as a result of a hoverboard impact: case from practice
Authors: Siedin Maxim S. , Plis Semyon S. , Klevno Vladimir A.
Published: April 2022

Currently, the so-called means of individual mobility are gaining high popularity. Their use naturally entailed an increase in the number of road incidents, as well as the number of examinations carried out. The question of the most traumatic parts of the human body, the type volume of injuries in this type of injury in the domestic forensic medical literature has not been studied to date.
A description of the case from practice is given: citizen A. received an isolated injury to the right ankle joint when a person driving a hoverboard hit her. Citizen A. was hospitalized in the surgical department of the district hospital, where she underwent inpatient treatment and was discharged on the 16th day after the grass. The patient was examined by doctors, she underwent radiography of the right tibia. During the commission forensic medical examination on the case file with the examination of the victim, with the involvement of a radiologist as an expert and a detailed description of the radiographs, conclusions were made about the localization, nature, amount of damage, as well as the severity of the harm caused to health.
Analysis of foreign studies suggests that injuries associated with the participation of gyroscooters occur mainly when falling with the formation of fractures of the bones of the upper limbs. However, some authors cite cases of lower limb injuries with ankle injury. This case confirms the research of some foreign authors. In addition, this case clearly illustrates the role and significance of an additional instrumental method of research (radiography) and objective examination of the injured of the expert commission.
The problems of determining of the age of bruises by modern diagnostic methods. Literature review
Authors: Pligin Anatoly V. , Kislov Maxim A. , Maksimov Aleksandr V. , Klevno Vladimir A.
Published: April 2022

Determination of the age of bruises is an important task forensic medicine. The article provide a review of the literature concerning the state of the study of this problem.
Traumatic hemorrhages, the most frequent injuries encountered in practice by a forensic medical expert, are formed as a result of accumulation of blood in the lesion due to rupture of blood vessels. Traditionally, the leading methods for determining the age of traumatic effects are macroscopy, colorimetry, radiography, impedance measurement, ultrasonography, infrared thermometry, spectrophotometry, etc. The difficulties of using instrumental methods are associated with the operation of devices, the high cost of equipment, and often with the contradictory opinion of the authors, which does not allow choosing a certain method.
In various publications, the advantage is given to those methods that analyze color as the main characteristic of a bruise. In order to objectify this characteristic, is actively underway on the development of spectroscopy technologies capable of determining the spectrum of substances beyond the control of the human eye. A promising approach to establish the prescription of traumatic hemorrhages can be the method of hyperspectral spectroscopy by simultaneously capturing the image of a bruise and obtaining spectral, including spatial data of the studied skin area. The expediency of using hyperspectral technologies in forensic medical practice lies in the non-invasiveness of the study, harmlessness to living persons, compactness of the device, as well as the prospects of studying the lifetime of bruises in corpses.
The conducted analysis of the literature creates the need to explore the possibilities of this method.
Wavelet-Based Stochastic Model for Jointly Simulating Three-Component Ground Motions
Authors: Huang Duruo , Wang Zhuo
Published: April 2022

A large number of ground motions are needed in performance-based earthquake engineering. To date, most existing stochastic models are limited to simulating a single horizontal component of earthquake motions. This study proposes a wavelet-based stochastic method for jointly simulating three-component accelerograms using earthquake magnitudes, source-to-site distances, and site conditions as input. Based on the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center Next Generation Attenuation (NGA)-West2 database, prediction equations are developed for wavelet-packet parameters of two horizontal and one vertical components. Correlations among these components are obtained to jointly simulate three-component motions based on earthquake scenarios. The simulated ground motions are systematically compared with existing ground-motion attenuation equations. The model has the capability to simulate the different frequency content of horizontal and vertical motions. The simulated vertical-to-horizontal spectral ratios are found to be consistent with observed strong-motion data. The model is applicable to shallow crustal earthquakes in an active tectonic region with a moment magnitude between 5 and 8, source-to-site distance from 0 to 100 km, and shear-wave velocity in the top 30 m (VS30) in the range of 150–1000 m/s. It can find important applications in 3D time-history analyses in performance-based earthquake engineering.
Characterization of working and mobile phone usage distances in common users of electronic devices and computers
Authors:   Innova Ocular Clinica Dr Soler, Elche 03202, Spain; Dr Soler Foundation of the Valencian Community, Elche 03202, Spain, Soler Fernando , Molina-Martin Ainhoa ,   Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, Alicante 03690, Spain, Fez Dolores de ,   Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, Alicante 03690, Spain, Díaz Valentín ,   Innova Ocular Clinica Dr Soler, Elche 03202, Spain; Dr Soler Foundation of the Valencian Community, Elche 03202, Spain, Pinero David P ,   Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, Alicante 03690, Spain
Published: April 2022

AIM: To analyse and characterize the pattern of working and mobile phone usage distances for common users of electronic devices and computers.
METHODS: Transversal descriptive study consisting of a screening campaign evaluating the visual status of different professionals working with computers or electronic devices more than 2h per day. A total of 100 healthy patients with a mean age of 41.2 (range: 20-62) years were revised and subdivided according to job subgroups. A battery of screening tests was performed to all participants in a single session at the working environment of each of them, including measurement of the working distance (WD), arm length, and mobile phone usage distances (MPUD).
RESULTS: The WD was significantly longer than MPUD (61.22±12.35 vs 32.22±6.35 cm; P<0.001). Likewise, MPUD was significantly shorter than the arm length (74.44±4.65 cm; P<0.001). A total of 4% (4/100) and 91% (91/100) of patients had a WD and MPUD of 40 cm or below, respectively. A weak although statistically significant correlation was found between WD and MPUD (r=0.387, P<0.001) as well as between WD and arm length (r=0.260, P=0.009). Statistically significant differences were detected among job subgroups in WD (P=0.021), being longer for militaries compared to university researchers and lecturers (P=0.025).
CONCLUSION: Working and mobile phone usage distances vary significantly among common users of computers and digital devices, although the use of mobile phones tends to be performed at significantly closer distances. This parameter should be considered when planning any type of optical correction, especially for presbyopia.