bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The association of anti‐gliadin and anti‐transglutaminase antibodies and chronic plaque psoriasis in Indian patients: Preliminary results of a descriptive cross‐sectional study
Authors: Dhattarwal Niharika , Mahajan Vikram K. , Mehta Karaninder S. , Chauhan Pushpinder S. , Yadav Rajinder S. , Sharma Satya Bhushan , Sharma Anuj , Sharma Reena , Rana Ashwani , Sondhi Megha
Published: May 2020

Background

Gluten sensitivity among psoriasis patients and its association with gender, age, disease duration and severity of psoriasis are under studied in Indians.

Objective

To examine association among serum levels of anti‐tTG and anti‐gliadin antibodies and clinical features including gender, age, duration and severity of psoriasis.

Methods

Serum levels of anti‐transglutaminase and anti‐gliadin antibodies were measured quantitatively in 80 (M:F 57:23) psoriasis patients aged 15 to 83 years and matched healthy subjects.

Results

Forty‐five (56.3%) patients were aged ≥41years, duration of disease was >5years in 43(53.8%) patients, and 22 (27.5%) patients had moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis. Two (2.5%) patients had arthritis and elevated serum anti‐gliadin antibody. Significantly more patients than controls had elevated serum anti‐gliadin antibody (67.5% vs. 2.5%) and anti‐transglutaminase antibody levels (62.5% vs. 0%). Two patients, each with mild and moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis, had highly elevated serum anti‐gliadin antibody and symptoms akin to coeliac disease. Except for a longer duration of psoriasis in patients with elevated anti‐gliadin antibodies, there was no statistically significant difference in gender, age, and severity of psoriasis when compared with patients having normal levels.

Conclusion

Significant elevation of serum anti‐transglutaminase and anti‐gliadin antibodies levels is noted in psoriasis patients reflecting a possible link. However, results need careful interpretation for any significance of gluten sensitivity in pathogenesis of psoriasis/arthritis or as a stand‐alone risk factor for chronicity/severity of psoriasis or whether gluten‐free diet will be ameliorating. Small number of subjects, cross‐sectional study design, lack of pathological/endoscopic diagnosis and follow‐up are study limitations.
State Visits and Leader Survival
Authors: Malis Matt , Smith Alastair
Published: May 2020

Why do political leaders travel abroad? In this article, we propose an informational mechanism linking in‐person diplomacy to leader survival. A foreign power visits an incumbent in order to reap a future policy concession; the visit is only worth the effort if the incumbent remains in power long enough to deliver on the deal. A diplomatic visit thus provides a visible and credible signal of the visitor's high confidence in the incumbent's stability in office. Domestic opponents, facing incomplete information as to the incumbent's strength, observe the signal and are deterred from mounting a challenge. Using data on U.S. diplomatic visits from 1960 to 2013, we find strong empirical support for our predictions: A visit with the U.S. president substantially reduces the risk of a leader's removal from office.
The aerosol box for intubation in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: an in‐situ simulation crossover study
Authors: Begley J. L. , Lavery K. E. , Nickson C. P. , Brewster D. J.
Published: May 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has led to the manufacturing of novel devices to protect clinicians from the risk of transmission, including the aerosol box for use during tracheal intubation. We evaluated the impact of two aerosol boxes (an early‐generation box and a latest‐generation box) on intubations in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 with an in‐situ simulation crossover study. The simulated process complied with the Safe Airway Society coronavirus disease 2019 airway management guidelines. The primary outcome was intubation time; secondary outcomes included first‐pass success and breaches to personal protective equipment. All intubations were performed by specialist (consultant) anaesthetists and video recorded. Twelve anaesthetists performed 36 intubations. Intubation time with no aerosol box was significantly shorter than with the early‐generation box (median (IQR [range]) 42.9 (32.9–46.9 [30.9–57.6])s vs. 82.1 (45.1–98.3 [30.8–180.0])s p = 0.002) and the latest‐generation box (52.4 (43.1–70.3 [35.7–169.2])s, p = 0.008). No intubations without a box took more than 1 min, whereas 14 (58%) intubations with a box took over 1 min and 4 (17%) took over 2 min (including one failure). Without an aerosol box, all anaesthetists obtained first‐pass success. With the early‐generation and latest‐generation boxes, 9 (75%) and 10 (83%) participants obtained first‐pass success, respectively. One breach of personal protective equipment occurred using the early‐generation box and seven breaches occurred using the latest‐generation box. Aerosol boxes may increase intubation times and therefore expose patients to the risk of hypoxia. They may cause damage to conventional personal protective equipment and therefore place clinicians at risk of infection. Further research is required before these devices can be considered safe for clinical use.
Voices from War’s Legacies: Reconciliation and Violence in Inter‐Korean Family Reunions
Authors: Park Joowon
Published: May 2020

Can political violence of national division and war be overcome through family bonds and reunion? This paper addresses this question through an examination of two Korean siblings—a North Korean sister and a South Korean brother separated in the aftermath of the Korean War, 1950‐1953. Over half a century later, the sister escaped North Korea wishing to contact and reunite with her long‐lost brother, and asked for my help. In my efforts to make their reunion possible, I encountered thorny issues about desire, separation, and kinship. I argue that the affective glow of national reunification and reconciliation symbolized by inter‐Korean family reunions obscure the deeper impediments to overcoming war’s legacies and its enduring violence.
Accuracy of estimation of polyp size at colonoscopy
Authors: Tang Linda , Di Re Angelina , El‐Khoury Toufic
Published: May 2020

Background

The Cancer Council posits that the size of adenomas is a more robust marker of risk than histological characteristics. The purpose of our study is to assess the accuracy of estimation of polyp size at colonoscopy amongst different levels of endoscopists and compare this with histopathological size.

Methods

A retrospective review of prospectively collected data was performed. Specimens were included if they were (i) from patients aged 18 years or older, (ii) polyp obtained at colonoscopy, (iii) measured in quantitative units and (iv) the largest eligible polyp per patient.

Results

A total of 92 patients were included. Our results demonstrate that the relationship between the histological size of a polyp and an endoscopist's estimate depended upon seniority level (P = 0.001). Senior consultants tended to overestimate lesion size (P < 0.001), fellows/junior consultants tended to underestimate size (P = 0.010), whilst registrars' estimates demonstrated no systematic difference from histological size (P = 0.518). The ratio of a senior consultant's estimate of polyp size to histological size was on average 74% with their estimates ranging from 31% to 173%. The corresponding estimates are 123% (32–470%) for fellows/junior consultants and 107% (35–334%) for registrars.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates that senior consultants are more precise with more junior endoscopists having a great degree of variability in their practice. It is evident that there is a relationship between proceduralist experience and polyp size estimation. It is, therefore, important to consider the ways in which we can mitigate this learning curve and continue to develop technology to improve our accuracy.
Writing Political Forests
Authors: Peluso Nancy Lee , Vandergeest Peter
Published: May 2020

In this essay, we highlight the intellectual context that shaped our initial conceptualisation of political forests as dynamic spaces and political ecologies, and how our fieldwork and comparative approach shaped our subsequent elaboration of the concept and its empirical manifestations. Of particular significance was our emphasis on incorporated/relational comparison and our multiscale analysis. These approaches allowed us to locate subjects and processes in specific field sites within an emergent global forestry network produced through multiscale interactions and movements within and among colonial and FAO forestry empires. We revisit the key processes through which we learned to see common and contrasting mechanisms that have made forests inherently political in our six research sites in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand, linking these “classic” mechanisms to concepts in wide use today. These concepts include understanding political forests as co‐produced, the significance of expertise in their reproduction, and the interactions between politics and the lively materialities of political forests. Among other conclusions, we suggest that the political forest is being replaced by what could be called “political conservation”, which has its own knowledge networks and expertise that displace but also build on political forestry. Finally, we reflect on how these ideas are being further developed by the authors in this symposium, whom we gratefully acknowledge for demonstrating that the politicisation of forests continues to be significant today.
Novel strategies in immune checkpoint inhibitor drug development: How far are we from the paradigm shift?
Authors: Watson Geoffrey Alan , Doi Jeffrey , Hansen Aaron Richard , Spreafico Anna
Published: May 2020

The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) represents a major milestone in immune‐oncology. Over the years these agents have demonstrated efficacy in an increasing array of malignancies. Despite this success however, significant challenges remain. Novel approaches to both drug development and trial design are required to incorporate the unique pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of ICIs. Further, it has also been established that the benefit of ICIs is limited to only a subset of patients. The molecular interactions between native immune cells and tumorigenesis and progression represent an active area of biomarker research, and elucidating the mechanisms of response and resistance is crucial to develop rational trial designs for the next wave of immune‐oncology (IO) clinical trials, particularly in patients with primary and/or acquired resistance. Efforts are now being made to integrate both biological and clinical information using novel multi‐omic approaches which are now being developed to further elucidate the molecular signatures associated with IO treatment response and resistance and enable rational drug development and trial design processes. As such, precision IO and the ability to deliver patient‐specific choices for ICI monotherapies or combination therapies has become an increasingly tangible goal. We herein describe the current landscape in ICI drug development and discuss the challenges and future directions in this exciting and evolving era in immune‐oncology.
Anticoagulation prophylaxis reduces venous thromboembolism rate in adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia treated with asparaginase‐based therapy
Authors: Sibai Hassan , Chen Ruiqi , Liu Xing , Falcone Umberto , Schimmer Aaron , Schuh Andre , Law Arjun , McNamara Caroline , Maze Dawn , Yee Karen , Minden Mark , Chan Steven M. , Gupta Vikas , Murphy Tracy , Sakurai Naoko , Atenafu Eshetu G. , Brandwein Joseph M. , Seki Jack T.
Published: May 2020

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a well‐known complication in adults receiving asparaginase (ASNase)‐based intensification chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). The optimal preventative strategy is unclear. Our objective is to determine the effects of low‐molecular‐weight heparin (LMWH) as primary VTE prophylaxis. A single‐centred retrospective cohort study of adult patients with Philadelphia chromosome negative (Ph−) ALL who received ASNase‐based intensification from 2001 to 2017, with prophylaxis given from 2011 to 2017. In all, 214 patients were included in this study with 99 in the historical control group and 125 in the prophylaxis group. The mean (range) enoxaparin dose was 0·79 (0·39–1·2) mg/kg. Of the 125 patients in the prophylaxis group 17 (13·6%) developed VTE during the intensification phase, while 27/99 patients (27·3%) in the control cohort experienced at least one thrombotic event (odds ratio [OR] 0·42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0·21–0·83). Overall, the main sites of VTE incidences included deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremity (54·6%), pulmonary embolism (13·6%) and catheter‐related thrombosis (22·7%). In addition, we found that after adjusting for age, T‐phenotype ALL was associated with VTE development (OR 3·07, 95% CI 1·04–9·08). There was no documented major bleeding in the prophylaxis group. LMWH prophylaxis reduced the incidence of symptomatic VTE in adult patients with ALL receiving intensification chemotherapy with ASNase.
Ethical consumption? There's an app for that. Digital technologies and everyday consumption practices
Authors: Hawkins Roberta , Horst Naomi
Published: May 2020

Ethical consumption mobile phone apps are increasingly popular. These apps allow consumers to scan the barcodes of products they are considering purchasing and determine whether or not they align with their ethics. App technologies are often applauded for their potential to provide consumers with targeted, crowd‐sourced information about products while shopping and to foster more political, and less individualistic, consumption practices by connecting users to one another and to campaigns. There is a growing field of scholarship conceptually examining the role of information and digital technologies in ethical consumption. However, there is little empirical research on how consumers engage with ethical consumption apps in everyday ways. Drawing on an in‐depth study with 21 participants, this paper explores how app use mediates people's experiences of ethical consumption. We contend that the app design structures and limits how individuals engage in ethically motivated consumption and influences their conceptualizations of ethical consumption as a political practice. We conclude by illustrating that critically examining what it means to be “ethical” in a digital world is a crucial area of research for geographers, particularly as these ethics play out through the everyday use of mobile technologies.
Self‐stigma and its associations with stress and quality of life among Malaysian parents of children with autism
Authors: Chu Shin Ying , Park Hyeran , Lee Jaehoon , Shaharuddin Khadijah Kamil binti , Gan Chun Hong
Published: May 2020

Background

This study explored the relationship between self‐perceived stigmatization (affiliate stigma), stress and quality of life among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Method

Participants (N = 110) filled‐in the Affiliate Stigma Scale, the Caregiver Burden Inventory and the CarerQOL scale.

Results

Parents reported low scores on stigma and fair levels of stress and quality of life, indicating that parents do not feel stigmatized by affiliation with a child with ASD nor are they stressed from affiliate stigma. After controlling for demographic factors, both the relationships of affiliate stigma with stress and with quality of life were weak, indicating that stigma may have little to no effect on stress and quality of life.

Conclusion

Cultural and religious beliefs may play a part in the acceptance of a child's condition, resulting in less impact of stigma on the parents.
Diagnostic and treatment challenges of eating disorders after adolescent bariatric surgery: A case report
Authors: Williams Dominique , Chaves Eileen , McKnight Erin , Eneli Ihuoma
Published: May 2020

It is increasingly evident that bariatric surgery is an effective treatment option to manage severe obesity and its comorbidities in adolescent patients. This case report follows an adolescent who developed a restrictive eating disorder within months after bariatric surgery. Identifying and treating eating disorders after bariatric surgery can be difficult due to the conflicting goals of weight loss after surgery and weight gain in treatment of a restrictive eating disorder. Moreover, treating older adolescents can be challenging when they refuse treatment or go against medical advice. As more adolescents choose bariatric surgery, it is imperative that clinicians remain sensitive to weight‐related outcomes, possible eating disorders and adolescent autonomy. Early collaboration between weight management and eating disorder programs is essential.
Metastatic aneurysmal fibrous histiocytoma in a 20‐year‐old woman: A rare case report with review of the literature and discussion of its genomic features
Authors: Wood Kimberly A. , Easson Alexandra M. , Ghazarian Danny , Saeed Kamil Zaid
Published: May 2020

Aneurysmal fibrous histiocytoma is an uncommon variant of cutaneous fibrous histiocytomas with a local recurrence rate of 19%. We present a case of aneurysmal fibrous histiocytoma in a 20‐year‐old female with a regional lymph node metastasis and subsequent satellite nodule. The patient initially presented with a 1‐month history of two palpable nodules in left lower anterior shoulder and left axilla. Needle core biopsies from both lesions revealed an atypical spindle cell neoplasm with a differential diagnosis of aneurysmal fibrous histiocytoma and angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma. The axillary dissection confirmed a metastatic deposit in 1 out of 22 lymph nodes. At 6 months a satellite nodule arose between the resection scar and the axilla histopathologically demonstrating a cellular spindle cell nodule at the dermis subcutaneous junction with large, blood‐filled pseudovascular spaces lined by histiocytes. The periphery of the lesion showed collagen trapping without a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. The lesional cells were diffusely positive for CD10 and focally for CD68 and Illumina RNA fusion panel sequencing was negative. Herein we present this case of metastatic aneurysmal fibrous histiocytoma with review of the literature and discussion of biology, cytogenetic alterations, and differential diagnosis.
Prevalence of residual inflammatory risk and associated clinical variables in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Prattichizzo Francesco , Giuliani Angelica , Sabbatinelli Jacopo , Matacchione Giulia , Ramini Deborah , Bonfigli Anna Rita , Rippo Maria Rita , de Candia Paola , Procopio Antonio Domenico , Olivieri Fabiola , Ceriello Antonio
Published: May 2020

Residual inflammatory risk (RIR) is defined as persistent circulating levels of high sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) >2 mg/L despite an optimal (<70 mg/dL) control of LDL‐cholesterol (LDL‐C) and represents an emerging risk factor for the development of cardiovascular events in patients at high risk of atherosclerosis. Sparse data are available regarding the prevalence of RIR in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the clinical variables associated with hs‐CRP elevation. Here, we report data from a well‐characterized cohort of patients with T2D (n = 511) stratified for statins use, LDL‐C goal attainment and prevalent T2D complications. Statins use and having at‐target LDL‐C partially affect the number of patients with inflammatory risk when compared with the whole T2D population, with an RIR prevalence of 39.2%. Among the spectra of complications, only patients with nephropathy had a higher prevalence of inflammatory risk. Total cholesterol, non‐HDL‐cholesterol, triglycerides, body mass index and waist‐hip ratio were associated with hs‐CRP, with an increased magnitude in at‐target patients. Conversely, glucose‐related variables were strongly associated with hs‐CRP only in at‐target patients, overall suggesting glycaemic control, insulin resistance, non‐LDL‐C lipid variables and especially central obesity as possible contributors to RIR in patients with T2D and LDL‐C <70 mg/dL.
A 5‐HT1D‐receptor agonist protects Dravet syndrome mice from seizure and early death
Authors: Hatini Paul G. , Commons Kathryn G.
Published: May 2020

Mutations in the SCN1A gene encoding the Nav1.1 sodium channel cause several forms of epilepsy, the most severe is Dravet syndrome (DS). DS patients are at high risk for sudden death and seizures are often triggered by fever or hyperthermia. To improve understanding of how serotonergic ligands might influence DS in this study, we tested several drugs for their effect on hyperthermia‐induced seizure using a mouse model of DS consisting of a heterozygous loss of function of Scn1A. We found that a mixed 5‐HT2A/2C receptor agonist had no effect while a mixed 5‐HT1B/D receptor agonist had a modest effect reducing the severity of seizures. Hypothesizing selective agonists may be more effective, we tested selective 5‐HT1B and 5‐HT1D receptor agonists, CP‐93129 and GR‐46611, respectively. Of these GR‐46611 significantly increased the threshold of hyperthermia‐induced seizure and lowered seizure severity. Given chronically at 1 mg kg−1 day−1, GR‐46611 also significantly improved survival of DS mice. Thus, 5‐HT1D‐receptors may represent a meaningful target for pharmacotherapy for DS with potential relevance for related forms of epilepsy, particularly those with a known sensory trigger such as heat.
Is there evidence of bradykinesia in essential tremor?
Authors: Bologna M. , Paparella G. , Colella D. , Cannavacciuolo A. , Angelini L. , Alunni‐Fegatelli D. , Guerra A. , Berardelli A.
Published: May 2020

Background and purpose

Essential tremor (ET) is a movement disorder primarily characterized by upper limb postural and kinetic tremor. Although still under‐investigated, bradykinesia may be part of the phenotypic spectrum of ET. The aim was to evaluate bradykinesia features in ET through clinical examination and kinematic analysis of repetitive finger movements. Data collected in ET patients were compared with those recorded in Parkinson’s disease patients and healthy controls.

Methods

Overall, 258 subjects participated in the study (90 ET patients, 84 Parkinson’s disease patients and 84 healthy controls). Repetitive finger tapping was kinematically recorded using a motion analysis system. Movement velocity, amplitude and decrement (sequence effect) were measured. The three groups were first compared by one‐way analysis of variance. A cluster analysis was also performed to better address the data variability observed in ET patients. Possible relationships between kinematic and clinical data were assessed in ET patients.

Results

Essential tremor patients were slower than healthy controls. Movement slowness in ET did not correlate with postural or kinetic tremor severity. It was also found that movement slowness in ET was not associated with a sequence effect, which instead is a common feature in Parkinson’s disease. Cluster analysis showed that a proportion of ET patients may have movement abnormalities similar to those observed in Parkinson’s disease.

Conclusions

Movement slowness without sequence effect is a common feature in ET patients. The present findings are relevant when interpreted in the context of the new tremor classification system and in the development of a more accurate bradykinesia definition.
Religion and venture investing: A cross‐country analysis
Authors: Maung Min , Tang Zhenyang , Xu Xiaowei
Published: May 2020

Using a sample of 56 countries over the 2000–2016 period, we document lower levels of venture capital investments in more religious countries. These results are not specific to any primary religion. Furthermore, we show that the negative relation between religiosity and venture investing mainly stems from risk aversion inherent in religiosity. Our results are unlikely driven by economic clout, as we show more religious countries in fact have higher levels of domestic credit or nonfinancial investments, despite lower levels of venture investments. We also present several findings consistent with risk aversion. Venture investments in more religious countries are more likely to have successful exits and are less likely to be foreign or early‐stage deals. Our results are robust to different measures of venture investments and religiosity, and to alternative specifications that account for endogeneity.
Cross‐cultural adaptation and validation of Haem‐A‐QoL in Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Lambert Catherine , Meité N'Dogomo , Sanogo Ibrahima , Lobet Sébastien , von Mackensen Sylvia , Hermans Cedric
Published: May 2020

Introduction

Health‐related quality (HRQoL) evaluations are considered essential outcomes in the assessment of people with haemophilia. In developing countries, reliable HRQoL data are even more critical whilst enabling government agencies to develop national haemophilia care programmes. However, validated tools are not yet available in sub‐Saharan African countries.

Aims

This study sought to perform a cultural adaptation and validation of the Haemophilia Quality of Life Questionnaire for Adults (Haem‐A‐QoL) in Côte d'Ivoire.

Methods

The process comprised several steps, such as linguistic adaptation, cognitive debriefing interviews with adult haemophilia patients and psychometric testing, including reliability (internal consistency, test‐retest reliability) and validity assessments (convergent with EQ‐5D‐5L, criterion with HJHS 2.1, known‐groups).

Results

The final Ivoirian Haem‐A‐QoL version was obtained in December 2017 following linguistic adaptation and cognitive debriefings with six participants. The validation process included 25 patients, mainly haemophilia A patients (88%) with severe forms (80%). All participants received on‐demand treatment, with joint impairment observed in 92%. Internal consistency and test‐retest reliability of the Ivoirian Haem‐A‐QoL were very good. A Pearson correlation analysis revealed a moderate negative correlation between EQ‐VAS and total Haem‐A‐QoL scores and a moderate positive correlation between HJHS 2.1 and total Haem‐A‐QoL scores.

Conclusions

A cross‐culturally adapted and validated Haem‐A‐QoL version in Côte d'Ivoire is now available, enabling measurement of intervention outcomes in the targeted population and Ivorian participation to multisite international trials. However, further work is needed to ensure optimal understanding of HRQoL questionnaires, previously developed in culturally distinct countries, with almost unlimited access to different treatment regimens.
Invitation to trusteeship rather than treat? Higher Education, human rights and student litigation: A response to Fulford (2020)
Authors: Diver Alice
Published: May 2020

This article argues that, as tutors, we are bound not only by the rules of contract law (i.e., to avoid breaching the terms of that which was agreed to), but also by our duty of care, and the principles of human rights law that protect the right to education. We must strive to avoid negligent acts and any potentially harmful practices or policies. Looking to recent litigation, we are bound also to provide useful, meaningful guidance on how learners might best achieve—and subsequently evidence—high levels of intellectual attainment and wider ‘learning gains.’. The concepts of fairness and equitable treatment are key, especially where universities have agreed to widen access and improve opportunities. With the protection of vulnerable learners increasingly leaning towards the provisions—and promises—of human rights law, a sort of estoppel‐led ‘trusteeship’ (over shared knowledge and learning processes) can perhaps also be inferred.
Influence of microwave heating and time on functional, pasting and thermal properties of cassava starch
Authors: Oyeyinka Samson A. , Akinware Ruth O. , Bankole Aishat T. , Njobeh Patrick B. , Kayitesi Eugénie
Published: May 2020

The effect microwaving power and time on the functional, pasting and thermal properties of cassava starch was investigated. Cassava starch at a moisture content of 30% was microwaved at 600 and 700 W for 0, 5, 15, 30 and 60 s following a preliminary study. Microwaving power and time did not alter the crystalline pattern of the starch, but there were obvious changes in the starch morphology. Starch colour was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) altered by microwave heating, with the total colour difference increasing from 4.85 to 43.01. Microwave treatment increased starch gelatinisation temperatures but decreased the swelling power, water absorption capacity and the relative crystallinity. These changes were influenced by microwave heating power and time. The results further revealed that the peak viscosity (3714.00–1947.00 cP) and setback ratio (1.70–1.49) decreased with increasing microwave heating time. However, breakdown viscosity (322.67–897.63 cP) and pasting temperature (1947.00–3714.00 °C) increased.
Hyperspectral imaging for discrimination of Keemun black tea quality categories: Multivariate calibration analysis and data fusion
Authors: Ren Guangxin , Liu Ying , Ning Jingming , Zhang Zhengzhu
Published: May 2020

Food fraud causes significant economic losses for the industry and generates distrust between the consumers and traders. Tea is one of the most valued beverages throughout the world, being vulnerable to economically motivated cheat. The objective of the study was to develop the potential of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) allying multivariate analysis and data fusion to identify the authenticity of Keemun black tea quality categories. Data fusion that integrated of texture characteristics based on grey level co‐occurrence matrix and visible and near‐infrared spectral features via competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) was as the target data for modelling. Support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF) were utilised for the classification of tea samples of seven grades. The RF model using fused data gave the best performance with the correct discriminant rate of 92.70% for the prediction set. This study demonstrated that HSI coupled with RF was effective in identifying tea sample rank.
The Double Face of Christian Mission and Education in India from Dalit and Decolonial Perspectives
Authors: Sigamoney Shakespeare
Published: May 2020

Missionaries from Europe came to India starting in the 15th century to preach the gospel. Their mission works have both intended and unintended consequences that affect people even today. Missionaries brought modern education to India and gave Western education to Dalits, leading to the social uplifting of Dalits, who were denied education by the oppressive caste system. Some missionaries also spoke against the social evils during their time. On the other hand, some missionaries’ work at times highlighted the Brahmanic religion as a pan‐India religion which placed popular religions in a disadvantaged position. Furthermore, their work also helped the British colonial government to maintain control and become powerful. The translation work of the missionaries and the educational institutions helped the colonial government to strengthen its control over the local population. This article discusses the mission work of Robert de Nobili, Bartholomew Ziegenbalg, and William Carey and evaluates their mission works from Dalit and decolonial perspectives.
“Together towards a Banquet”: The Feast as Promise and Resistance in Together Towards Life and Contemporary Theological Discourse
Authors: Bargár Pavol
Published: May 2020

This article explores the symbol of the feast, as proposed by the 2012 World Council of Churches’ affirmation Together towards Life: Mission and Evangelism in Changing Landscapes (TTL). The feast is introduced as an appropriate hermeneutic tool to account for the multi‐layered and dynamic reality of human life in the presence of others and in the presence of God. Interpreting the feast, together with TTL, as a symbol of the liberation and reconciliation of the whole creation and of the celebration of life in response to the outreaching love of God, the article reflects on some contemporary theological voices arguing that God’s invitation to the feast of God’s kingdom is a central element of Christian existence. Such feasting is, among other things, characterized by the dynamics of facing, the presence of the other, the awareness of human corporeality, and the particularization of the other that can overcome the idolatrous power of death. Entering this conversation, the present article will argue that the symbol of the feast can helpfully be understood in its two‐fold dynamics of promise and resistance. While giving assurance about the transformation of all reality in the coming reign of justice and peace, the symbol of the feast, with its emphasis on inclusiveness and equality, also empowers people to resist all life‐denying forces. Walking with the rest of the creation “together towards a banquet,” Christians are thus enabled, it will be asserted, to discern and actively live their vocation.
The prevalence, characteristics, and related factors of pressure injury in medical staff wearing personal protective equipment against COVID‐19 in China: A multicentre cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Jiang Qixia , Liu Yuxiu , Wei Wei , Zhu Dongmei , Chen Aihua , Liu Haiying , Wang Jing , Jiang Zhixia , Han Qiuying , Bai Yuxuan , Hua Jiao , Zhang Yanhong , Guo Jinli , Li Li , Li Juan
Published: May 2020

Since December 2019, the medical staff fighting against COVID‐19 frequently reported the device‐related pressure injury (DRPI) caused by personal protective equipment (PPE). We conducted a cross‐sectional survey online to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of DRPI among medical staff. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to explore the risk factors associated with DRPI. A total of 4308 participants were collected and 4306 participants were valid from 161 hospitals in China. The overall prevalence of DRPI caused by PPE among medical staff was 30.03% (95% CI 28.69%‐31.41%). The prevalence of male was more than that of female (42.25%, 95% CI 37.99‐46.51% vs 26.36%, 95% CI 26.93‐29.80%, P < .001).The categories were mainly stages 1 and 2, and the common anatomical locations were nose bridge, cheeks, ears, and forehead. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk factors were sweating (OR = 43.99, 95% CI 34.46‐56.17), male (OR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.12‐1.99), level 3 PPE (OR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.14‐1.83), and longer wearing time (OR = 1.28, 95% CI 0.97‐1.68). The prevalence of DRPI was high among medical staff wearing PPE against COVID‐19, and the risk factors were sweating, male, wearing level 3 PPE, and longer wearing time. Comprehensive preventive interventions should be taken.
Diagnostic classification of irritability and oppositionality in youth: a global field study comparing ICD‐11 with ICD‐10 and DSM‐5
Authors: Evans Spencer C. , Roberts Michael C. , Keeley Jared W. , Rebello Tahilia J. , de la Peña Francisco , Lochman John E. , Burke Jeffrey D. , Fite Paula J. , Ezpeleta Lourdes , Matthys Walter , Youngstrom Eric A. , Matsumoto Chihiro , Andrews Howard F. , Elena Medina‐Mora María , Ayuso‐Mateos José L. , Khoury Brigitte , Kulygina Mayya , Robles Rebeca , Sharan Pratap , Zhao Min , Reed Geoffrey M.
Published: May 2020

Background

Severe irritability has become an important topic in child and adolescent mental health. Based on the available evidence and on public health considerations, WHO classified chronic irritability within oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in ICD‐11, a solution markedly different from DSM‐5’s (i.e. the new childhood mood diagnosis, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder [DMDD]) and from ICD‐10’s (i.e. ODD as one of several conduct disorders without attention to irritability). In this study, we tested the accuracy with which a global, multilingual, multidisciplinary sample of clinicians were able to use the ICD‐11 classification of chronic irritability and oppositionality as compared to the ICD‐10 and DSM‐5 approaches.

Methods

Clinicians (N = 196) from 48 countries participated in an Internet‐based field study in English, Spanish, or Japanese and were randomized to review and use one of the three diagnostic systems. Through experimental manipulation of validated clinical vignettes, we evaluated how well clinicians in each condition could identify chronic irritability versus nonirritable oppositionality, episodic bipolar disorder, dysthymic depression, and normative irritability.

Results

Compared to ICD‐10 and DSM‐5, ICD‐11 led to more accurate identification of severe irritability and better differentiation from boundary presentations. Participants using DSM‐5 largely failed to apply the DMDD diagnosis when it was appropriate, and they more often applied psychopathological diagnoses to developmentally normative irritability.

Conclusions

The formulation of irritability and oppositionality put forth in ICD‐11 shows evidence of clinical utility, supporting accurate diagnosis. Global mental health clinicians can readily identify ODD both with and without chronic irritability.
FHA2 is a plant‐specific ISWI subunit responsible for stamen development and plant fertility
Authors: Gu Bo‐Wen , Tan Lian‐Mei , Zhang Cui‐Jun , Hou Xiao‐Mei , Cai Xue‐Wei , Chen She , He Xin‐Jian
Published: May 2020

Imitation Switch (ISWI) chromatin remodelers are known to function in diverse multi‐subunit complexes in yeast and animals. However, the constitution and function of ISWI complexes in Arabidopsis thaliana remain unclear. In this study, we identified forkhead‐associated domain 2 (FHA2) as a plant‐specific subunit of an ISWI chromatin‐remodeling complex in Arabidopsis. By in vivo and in vitro analyses, we demonstrated that FHA2 directly binds to RLT1 and RLT2, two redundant subunits of the ISWI complex in Arabidopsis. The stamen filament is shorter in the fha2 and rlt1/2 mutants than in the wild type, whereas their pistil lengths are comparable. The shorter filament, which is due to reduced cell size, results in insufficient pollination and reduced fertility. The rlt1/2 mutant shows an early‐flowering phenotype, whereas the phenotype is not shared by the fha2 mutant. Consistent with the functional specificity of FHA2, our RNA‐seq analysis indicated that the fha2 mutant affects a subset of RLT1/2‐regulated genes that does not include genes involved in the regulation of flowering time. This study demonstrates that FHA2 functions as a previously uncharacterized subunit of the Arabidopsis ISWI complex and is exclusively involved in regulating stamen development and plant fertility.
Vermilionectomy followed by reconstruction of the vermilion mucosa using allograft dermal matrix in patients with actinic cheilitis of the lower lip
Authors: Chang Shao‐hai , Huang Zhuo‐shan , Chen Wei‐liang , Zhou Bin , Zhong Jiang‐long
Published: May 2020

Background

When treating actinic cheilitis (AC), it is essential to minimize the risk of malignant transformation (MT) and maintain lip functionality and cosmesis.

Aims

We evaluated the outcomes of vermilionectomy followed by reconstruction of the vermilion mucosa using allograft dermal matrix (ADM) in patients with AC of the lower lip.

Materials and methods

We evaluated eight patients with lower lip AC who underwent vermilion mucosa reconstruction using ADM after vermilionectomy. We enrolled five males and three females ranging in age from 55 to 70 years (mean, 62.1 years). The ADM ranged in area from 1.3 × 5.0 to 1.7 × 5.8 cm (median, 1.6 × 5.5 cm). All patients were followed up for at least 3 months postoperatively by a panel of three surgeons who assessed the esthetic results, and orbicularis oris and speech functions.

Results

All patients underwent successful reconstruction of the vermilion mucosa using ADM after vermilionectomy, without complications. The postoperative esthetic results, and the orbicularis oris and speech functions, were satisfactory to excellent in all patients. Patients were followed up for 18‐38 months (median, 26.1 months). No MT or recurrence was noted.

Conclusions

Vermilionectomy followed by reconstruction of the vermilion mucosa with ADM is safe and feasible for AC patients.
Rattlesnake colouration affects detection by predators
Authors: Harmel M. V. , Crowell H. L. , Whelan J. M. , Taylor E. N.
Published: May 2020

Crypsis, or the ability of an animal to avoid detection by other animals, is strongly impacted by an animal’s colouration and pattern. Crypsis may be especially important for ambush foragers, which spend much of their time above ground and therefore benefit from being inconspicuous to predators and prey. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of rattlesnake skin colouration on the likelihood of it being detected and attacked by a predator, on the latency (time) to attack, and on the attack frequency on each physical body section of the models. Clay models representing four commonly observed rattlesnake colour morphs (light, dark and two intermediate colour patterns) were deployed in two different habitat types (wooded area and open field), and the marks made on the models by predators were quantified over time. We found that light snake models, which have little contrast with substrate, were less likely to be attacked and were attacked later than darker model types, which have higher contrast with substrate. Predators attacked the various body segments of the models at similar frequencies. Our data suggest dark‐coloured rattlesnakes, which have the most contrast with the golden‐coloured grasses and therefore have the lowest crypsis, are most at risk from predation.
Adult tinea capitis in China: A retrospective analysis from 2000 to 2019
Authors: Liang Guanzhao , Zheng Xiaoli , Song Ge , Zhang Meijie , Liu Jia , Zang Xiaohui , Fu Meihua , Liu Weida
Published: May 2020

Background

Tinea capitis (TC) is an infection of the scalp hair due to dermatophytes. Most commonly seen in prepubescent children, but data of adults tinea capitis (ATC) in China mainland are limited.

Objectives

We aimed to evaluate epidemiological, clinical and mycological characteristics of ATC in China from 2000 to 2019.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed all ATC reported cases in China mainland, confirmed by mycological examination, by searching PubMed, Wanfang, Weipu and CNKI database.

Results

In sum, 40 papers involving 269 clinical cases were included. The average morbidity of ATC was calculated as 9.04% after standardisation. The sex ratio is 1:5.2 (31 male, 163 female); 76 people between 18 and 44 age level and 137 people between 45 and 89 age level were diagnosed as ATC. Culture or ITS sequencing identified Trichophyton violaceum in 70 cases (35.2%), Microsporum canis in 42 cases (21.1%), Trichophyton mentagrophyte in 32 cases (16.1%), Trichophyton rubrum in 23 cases (11.5%), Microsporum gypseum in 18 cases (9.0%), Trichophyton tonsurans in 6 cases (3.0%), Trichophyton schoenleini in 4 cases (2.0%), Epidermophyton floccosum in 2 cases (1.0%), Trichophyton verrucosum and Microsporum ferrugineum in one case (0.5%). ATC was easily to be diagnosed as furfur, seborrhoeic dermatitis (13%) or pustular and dermatocellulitis (11.15%).Six immunocompromised persons were recorded (2.2%).

Conclusions

ATC mainly involves postmenopausal women. Trichophyton violaceum, M canis, T mentagrophyte remain the most common aetiological agent of ATC in China. Trichophyton rubrum own the much higher frequency in ATC than in children. For diversified clinical manifestations, recognising ATC profiles will help clinicians avoid misdiagnosis.
A dimensional analysis of inner strength in people ageing with serious illness
Authors: Morgan Brianna E.
Published: May 2020

Nursing models of care show promise in addressing the needs of older adults facing serious illness through supporting inner strength. However, previous conceptual and theoretical models of inner strength are limited. This concept analysis used dimensional analysis methods to explore inner strength in people ageing with serious illness to address limitations by defining a pragmatic, data‐driven model. This study analyzed published literature of adults with serious illness that describes inner strength. Thirty articles were selected after review. The result was an explanatory matrix that describes inner strength from the perspective of where have I been, where am I going? within the context of being a person who is living and dies and you have a serious illness. The conditions spotlighting by actors around me and taking stock of others and ideas lead to processes of looking in/looking out and seeing me as I’m seen. The final consequence of this process is meeting me. This updated concept analysis of inner strength improves upon previous models by providing a clinically relevant situation‐specific model of inner strength for people with serious illness. Implications for nursing scholarship and practice are described including exploration of person‐centered care, relational practice, and health communication.
Ineffective esophageal motility and bolus clearance. A study with combined high‐resolution manometry and impedance in asymptomatic controls and patients
Authors: Zerbib Frank , Marin Ingrid , Cisternas Daniel , Abrahao Luiz , Hani Albis , Leguizamo Ana M. , Remes‐Troche José M. , Perez de la Serna Julio , Ruiz de Leon Antonio , Serra Jordi
Published: May 2020

Background

The definition and relevance of ineffective esophageal motility (IEM) remains debated. Our aim was to determine motility patterns and symptoms associated with IEM defined as impaired bolus clearance.

Methods

To define altered bolus clearance, normal range of swallows with complete bolus transit (CBT) on high‐resolution impedance manometry (HRIM) was determined in 44 asymptomatic controls. The results were then applied to a cohort of 81 patients with esophageal symptoms to determine the motility patterns which best predicted altered bolus clearance. Subsequently, in a cohort of 281 consecutive patients the identified motility patterns were compared with patients’ customary symptoms.

Key Results

In asymptomatic controls, the normal range of swallows with CBT was 50%‐100%. In patients, altered bolus transit (<50% CBT) was only associated with 30% or more failed contractions (P < .001). Neither weak peristalsis nor absence of contraction reserve (CR) was associated with altered bolus clearance. The patterns which best predicted altered bolus clearance were failed contractions ≥30% (specificity 88.2% and sensitivity of 84.6%), and ≥70% ineffective (failed + weak) contractions (sensitivity 84.6% and specificity 80.9%). No motility pattern was correlated to symptom scores.

Conclusions and Inferences

Based on bolus clearance assessed by HRIM, ≥30% failed contractions and ≥70% ineffective contractions have the best sensitivity and specificity to predict altered bolus clearance. Weak contractions and absence of CR are not relevant with respect to bolus clearance.
Exploring food security and nutrition among young women in the formally regulated garment sector of Myanmar
Authors: Goudet Sophie , Hlaing Lwin Mar , Griffiths Paula L.
Published: May 2020

Malnutrition can adversely influence women's overall health and development and that of their children. In the Yangon region of Myanmar, young women aged 15–19 years can be excessively thin, overweight, or anemic. A significant proportion of these young women working within the formal sector are employed in the garment industry. This study used a mixed‐method approach to generate robust evidence on food security and nutrition in young female garment workers. The research revealed that women have poor quality of nutrition, restricted their food intake, and ate less preferred food. The risk factors for not meeting the minimum dietary diversity were related to migration patterns, employment, food security level, and living conditions. This study offers recommendations and identifies areas for interventions that are either wanted by consulted stakeholders and/or for which there is an evidence basis for their recommendation: (1) promote food‐ and nutrition‐specific programming, (2) increase healthy food access, and (3) improve employment conditions. These future interventions should generate comprehensive research, data, and benefits to fill in the evidence gaps identified and provide guidance on how to promote nutrition in the workplace for this vulnerable group of workers.