bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Term intensity in linguistic studies
Authors: Didun Liliia
Published: March 2020

The article deals with the term intensity in linguistic research. The universality of the term emphasizes the fact that it is used in many fields of science and technology, when they talk about the intensity of the process, colour, light, sound. It is fixed in many special dictionaries. The term intensity is actively used in the field of linguistics. The study of intensity is an important aspect of linguistic research. This indicates the relevance of considering this term in linguistics.
A circle of terms is outlined, which denotes the concept of intensity in linguistics. The terms intensity, amplification, intensity, intensifier, category of intensity is considered. The peculiarities of studying the studied terms in works on linguistics are shown.
Interest in the notion of intensity in linguistics has been observed since the early 60’s of the XX century. But the term began to be actively used since the late 70’s of XX century. Intensity is interpreted as a component of semantics, in particular phraseological units. The category of intensity is general, open, and anthropocentric. It does not belong to a particular functional style. Scientists emphasize the ambiguous interpretation of this term. Researchers determine intensity as a category that represents the quantitative indicator of a qualitative attribute.
Intensifiers are explicit means of amplification. Scientists call a large number of intensifiers. The intensities implicitly contain, in their significance, this amplification. Researchers also use the term intensive. A further study of terminology, which outlines the specificity of the identification of intensity at all levels of the language system, is promising.
A QUADRATIC C0 INTERIOR PENALTY METHOD FOR THE QUAD-CURL PROBLEM
Authors: Sun Zhengjia , Gao Fuzheng , Wang Chao , Zhang Yi
Published: March 2020

In this paper we study the C0 interior penalty method for a quad-curl problem arising
from magnetohydrodynamics model on bounded polygons or polyhedrons. We prove the well-posedness of the numerical
scheme and then derive the optimal error estimates in a discrete energy norm. A post-processing procedure that
can produce C1 approximations is also presented. The performance of the method is illustrated by numerical experiments.
A NEW SECOND-ORDER DIFFERENCE APPROXIMATION FOR NONLOCAL BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM WITH BOUNDARY LAYERS
Authors: Arslan Derya
Published: March 2020

The aim of this paper is to present finite difference method for numerical solution of singularly perturbed linear differential equation with nonlocal boundary condition. Initially, the nature of the solution of the presented problem for the numerical solution is discussed. Subsequently, the difference scheme is established on Bakhvalov-Shishkin mesh. Uniform convergence in the second-order is proven with respect to the ε− perturbation parameter in the discrete maximum norm. Finally, an example is provided to demonstrate the success of the presented numerical method. Thus, it is shown that indicated numerical results support theoretical results.
Additional Calibration of the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope on Board AstroSat
Authors: Tandon S. N. , Postma J. , Joseph P. , Devaraj A. , Subramaniam A , Barve I. V. , George K. , Ghosh S. K. , Girish V. , Hutchings J. B. , Kamath P. U. , Kathiravan S. , Kumar A. , Lancelot J. P. , Leahy D. , Mahesh P. K. , Mohan R. , Nagabhushana S. , Pati A. K. , Rao N. Kameswara , Sankarasubramanian K. , Sriram S. , Stalin C. S.
Published: March 2020

Results of the initial calibration of the Ultra-Violet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) were reported earlier by Tandon et al. The results reported earlier were based on the ground calibration as well as the first observations in orbit. Some additional data from the ground calibration and data from more in-orbit observations have been used to improve the results. In particular, extensive new data from in-orbit observations have been used to obtain (a) new photometric calibration that includes (i) zero points, (ii) flat fields, and (iii) saturation; (b) sensitivity variations; (c) spectral calibration for the near ultraviolet (NUV; 2000–3000 Å) and far ultraviolet (FUV; 1300–1800 Å) gratings; (d) point-spread function; and (e) astrometric calibration including distortion. Data acquired over the last three years show continued good performance of UVIT with no reduction in sensitivity in both UV channels.
The Leoncino Dwarf Galaxy: Exploring the Low-metallicity End of the Luminosity–Metallicity and Mass–Metallicity Relations*
Authors: McQuinn Kristen. B. W. , Berg Danielle A. , Skillman Evan D. , Adams Elizabeth A. K. , Cannon John M. , Dolphin Andrew E. , Salzer John J. , Giovanelli Riccardo , Haynes Martha P. , Hirschauer Alec S. , Janoweicki Steven , Klapkowski Myles , Rhode Katherine L.
Published: March 2020

Extremely metal-poor (XMP) galaxies are low-mass, star-forming galaxies with gas-phase oxygen abundances below 12 + log(O/H) = 7.35 (

Z

). Galaxy evolution scenarios suggest three pathways to form an XMP: (1) secular evolution at low galaxy masses, (2) slow evolution in voids, or (3) dilution of measured abundances from infall of pristine gas. The recently discovered XMP galaxy Leoncino, with an oxygen abundance below 3% Z

, provides an opportunity to explore these different scenarios. Using Hubble Space Telescope imaging of the resolved stellar populations of Leoncino, we measure the distance to the galaxy to be

Mpc and find that Leoncino is located in an underdense environment. Leoncino has a compact morphology, hosts a population of young, massive stars, has a high gas-to-star mass ratio, and shows signs of interaction with a galaxy nearby on the sky, UGC 5186. Similar to nearly all XMP galaxies known in the nearby universe, Leoncino is offset from the Luminosity–Metallicity (LZ) relation. However, Leoncino is consistent with the stellar Mass–Metallicity (MZ) relation defined by Local Volume galaxies. Thus, our results suggest that the offset from the LZ relation is due to higher recent star formation, likely triggered by a minor interaction, while the low oxygen abundance is consistent with the expectation that low-mass galaxies will undergo secular evolution marked by inefficient star formation and metal loss via galactic winds. This is in contrast to XMP galaxies that are outliers in both the LZ and MZ relations; in such cases, the low oxygen abundances are best explained by dilution due to the infall of pristine gas. We also discuss why quiescent XMP galaxies are underrepresented in current surveys.
Environmental stress in Parnassius apollo reflected through wing geometric morphometrics in a historical collection with a possible connection to habitat degradation
Authors: Štefánik Martin , Fedor Peter
Published: March 2020

Monitoring climate changes and habitat degradation in threatened species without negative impact to the populations can pose a considerable challenge. A rare chance to test the morphological response of wing shape and size to environmental factors on the mountain Apollo (Parnassius apollo) collected from 1938 to 1968 at a single location – Strečno mountain pass, N Slovakia presented itself in a historical collection. The canonical variate analysis showed a significant shift from a narrower to broader forewing, with more extremes in either extra broad or narrow forewings in the post- 1960 population. Analysis of existing data was conducted to determine the possible factors affecting this change. Generally, the comparative statistics of temperature and precipitation to morphology of individuals and their fluctuating asymmetry showed no, or weak, correlations. Two extreme weather events (ECEs), identified using the historical weather data, show no correlation of wing morphology to these events. Although no strong correlations can be drawn in case of the available weather data and morphology, the results of this study can be connected to strong anthropogenic effects of a large-scale road development project taking place in the vicinity of the collection site starting in November 1959 causing changes in the available habitat and therefore a shift in the wing morphology.
Les répercussions des génocides sur les générations et leurs modes de transmission
Authors: Papazian Berdj
Published: March 2020

L’auteur se propose de décrypter les modalités de passage de contenus traumatiques d’un psychisme à l’autre et d’une génération à l’autre. Sous cet angle, la différence d’échelle entre les violences de masse et les drames intrafamiliaux est réduite mais c’est au niveau individuel que l’examen peut être poussé le plus loin. La pulsion de mort est agissante dès les commencements, sous forme de frustration, angoisse et destructivité ; elle sévit au point de devoir être expulsée sans délais. Un exemple clinique est donné dont le noyau mélancolique sous-tend les développements théoriques. L’identification projective qui suppose un objet récepteur et au mieux transformateur est au cœur de la transmission involontaire et salutaire mais inconsciente. En ces cas pathologiques, le contenu n’en est justement pas transformé et c’est ce qui le rend toxique pour la génération suivante. L’identification projective peut être essentiellement intrapsychique, ou intersubjective, voire trans-subjective. L’hypothèse est avancée et argumentée d’un fonds psychique universel qui permet aux contenus, notamment traumatiques, de passer d’un psychisme à l’autre en dépit de la distance interpersonnelle, qu’elle soit spatiale ou temporelle.
Comment un jeu concours peut modifier l’attitude de lycéens vis-à-vis de l’entrepreneuriat
Authors: Krémer Florence , Jouison Estèle
Published: March 2020

Cette recherche démontre l’intérêt de donner une place centrale au concept d’attitude pour évaluer un dispositif pédagogique en entrepreneuriat. L’attitude vis-à-vis de l’entrepreneuriat se définit comme le jugement qu’un individu porte sur cet objet. Elle est conceptualisée à travers trois dimensions (cognitive, affective et comportementale) et testée ici empiriquement auprès d’un public d’élèves de l’enseignement secondaire participant à un jeu concours à la création d’entreprise. L’étude révèle que le dispositif pédagogique agit sur les trois dimensions de l’attitude : les élèves, conscients d’avoir vécu une expérience entrepreneuriale, disent mieux connaître l’entrepreneuriat qui leur inspire des émotions plus positives.
Entreprendre maintenant ou plus tard ?
Authors: Gabay-Mariani Laëtitia , Boissin Jean-Pierre
Published: March 2020

Face à la nécessité d’individualiser les pratiques d’accompagnement à la création d’entreprise, être en mesure de caractériser des profils d’entrepreneurs est devenu aujourd’hui fondamental pour les acteurs de l’écosystème entrepreneurial. Dans la continuité des efforts destinés à mieux comprendre les étudiants-entrepreneurs, notre recherche questionne les profils d’engagement les plus à même de favoriser un investissement personnel dans leur projet. Une enquête a été réalisée en juillet 2018 auprès de 139 individus détenteurs du statut national étudiant-entrepreneur (SNEE). Elle vise à comprendre quelles logiques d’engagement découlent respectivement d’une intention d’entreprendre à l’issue de ses études ou à plus long terme dans sa carrière professionnelle, et si elle mène à l’investissement personnel effectif du porteur dans son projet. Ces profils d’engagement ont été établis à partir du modèle d’Allen et Meyer, qui différencie l’engagement affectif, normatif et calculé. Les résultats mettent en valeur les logiques d’engagement favorisant l’investissement de l’étudiant-entrepreneur dans la création d’entreprise. Leur identification peut permettre aux professionnels de l’accompagnement d’adapter leur offre à la diversité des trajectoires, mais également de prévenir les risques liés à un engagement déséquilibré.
Les économies du Golfe et la transition énergétique. Vers une ère post-pétrolière ?
Authors: Le Picard Hugo
Published: March 2020

Les économies des pays du golfe Arabo-Persique sont très dépendantes du pétrole qu’elles exportent surtout vers l’Asie. Cette source d’énergie – considérée comme partiellement responsable du réchauffement climatique – est amenée à être de moins en moins demandée. Les États de la région anticipent les conséquences de cette baisse de la demande en cherchant à diversifier leur économie. Ils investissent dans les énergies moins polluantes comme le gaz et les centrales solaires.
Une politique russe à la française pour l’Europe ? Irréaliste et contradictoire
Authors: Adomeit Hannes , Cadenza Academic translations
Published: March 2020

Emmanuel Macron s’est prononcé en faveur d’une redéfinition des relations avec Moscou. Ses déclarations ont provoqué des remous en Allemagne. La chancelière et son ministre des Affaires étrangères sont partisans d’une ligne dure face à Vladimir Poutine, même si les coopérations germano-russes sont nombreuses. Une partie de l’élite politique et économique allemande conteste la politique russe d’Angela Merkel et souhaiterait que l’Allemagne se montre plus conciliante à l’égard de la Russie.
Sur la Russie : penser européen
Authors: Kuźniar Roman , Philolingua
Published: March 2020

Il faut entretenir un dialogue avec la Russie. Mais en sachant qu’elle hérite d’une culture politique différente de celle des pays occidentaux ; et que son dirigeant actuel a des objectifs de puissance peu compatibles avec les nôtres. Il serait utile de redécouvrir le concept de la CSCE, c’est-à-dire d’échanges sur l’ensemble des domaines qui nous concernent, avec une Union européenne délaissant les logiques bilatérales pour manœuvrer solidairement, sur des perspectives définies en commun.
La Chine, championne technologique ou géant empêtré ?
Authors: Allard Patrick
Published: March 2020

La Chine est-elle le chef de file de l’innovation mondiale, et donc le premier concurrent technologique des économies occidentales ? La réalité est plus ambiguë. Les responsables chinois diagnostiquent au contraire un retard notable du pays, auquel est censé remédier le plan Made in China . Le succès est incertain, à la fois du fait de l’ambiguïté des rapports entre politiques publiques et dynamiques privées, et de l’absence de réformes favorables à l’innovation et aux progrès de productivité.
Tunisie, 2011-2020 : la démocratie contre l’efficience de l’action publique ?
Authors: Ayari Michaël
Published: March 2020

Après le renversement du régime de Ben Ali en 2011, la Tunisie a mis en place un système politique visant à éviter une trop forte concentration du pouvoir. Toutefois, ce nouveau système n’est pas satisfaisant : il a abouti à une telle dispersion du pouvoir que l’action publique en devient inefficace et minée par le clientélisme. De profondes réformes doivent être conduites pour rendre les gouvernements plus efficaces et légitimes. Sinon, la tentation autoritaire pourrait faire son retour.
À Vintimille, des médiateurs entre contrôle et solidarité
Authors: Trucco Daniela
Published: March 2020

Depuis juin 2013, Vintimille, à la frontière franco-italienne, est devenu l’un des lieux symboliques du retour des frontières en Europe et de la remise en question de l’espace Schengen. Des milliers de personnes, non ressortissantes de l’UE y ont été immobilisées. Avec l’arrivée d’organisations non gouvernementales et l’ouverture d’un camp de transit, le rôle de médiateur linguistique et culturel s’est institutionnalisé et un certain nombre d’exilé·es se sont progressivement formé·es à ce rôle. Assumer cette fonction à la frontière peut pourtant être douloureux.
Menace sur l’aide médicale d’État
Authors: Izambert Caroline
Published: March 2020

À l’automne 2019, à l’approche du vote du budget, l’aide médicale d’État, dispositif de couverture maladie des personnes en situation irrégulière, a été au centre de tous les débats. Alors qu’Emmanuel Macron s’était engagé à préserver le dispositif pendant la campagne présidentielle, son gouvernement n’a pas résisté à la tentation de réformer l’accès aux soins des étrangers, malgré les vives protestations des associations et du monde médical 1 . Il a en outre mis en place un délai de carence pour l’accès à l’assurance maladie des demandeurs et demandeuses d’asile. Autant de mesures qui invitent à revenir sur l’histoire d’un dispositif – l’AME – écartelé entre politique migratoire, combat pour les droits, et santé publique.
Nicolas Poussin, ou la destitution de Narcisse
Authors: Bouchilloux Hélène
Published: March 2020

On analyse deux tableaux fameux de Poussin – Paysage avec un homme tué par un serpent (National Gallery) et Apollon amoureux de Daphné (Louvre) – avant de confronter Poussin au Caravage. La thèse défendue est que les deux tableaux analysés illustrent la destitution de Narcisse, et que ce thème a, dans l’œuvre de Poussin, une signification non seulement psychologique et morale, mais encore proprement esthétique. C’est en effectuant une minutieuse et savante enquête qu’on résout de manière inédite l’élément énigmatique contenu dans les deux tableaux et que, en suivant Louis Marin, on approfondit la comparaison de deux conceptions antagonistes de la représentation picturale.
Cataract and Ocular Hypertension in Children on Inhaled Corticosteroid Therapy
Authors: Behbehani Abdulmutalib H. , Owayed Abdulla F. , Hijazi Zeinat M. , Eslah Esmail A. , Al-Jazzaf Adel M.
Published: March 2020

Purpose:

To ascertain the incidence of posterior subcapsular cataract and ocular hypertension in a cohort of children ⩽ 12 years on inhaled steroid therapy.

Patients and Methods:

In this prospective study, a detailed history regarding corticosteroid therapy was obtained for children attending an asthma clinic. The presence and type of lens changes (cataract) was recorded and intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured. The children underwent another eye examination 2 years later.

Results:

Ninety-five patients were enrolled in the study. Mean patient age was 7±3 years, and mean duration of inhaled steroid therapy was 2±1 years. Thirty-six percent of patients received inhaled steroids exclusively, 61% received inhaled steroids with a short course of oral steroids, and 3% received inhaled steroids with a long course of oral steroids. Only 3 (3%) patients had cortical changes that were not visually significant, and none had posterior subcapsular or nuclear cataract. There was no significant differences between children with cataract and those without cataract with respect to age; duration of asthma; and duration, average daily dose, and cumulative dose of inhaled steroids. IOP ranged from 11 to 20 mm Hg (mean, 16±3 mm Hg). None of the children had ocular hypertension or glaucoma. Ninety patients underwent eye examination 2 years later; none was found to develop posterior subcapsular cataract or increased IOP.

Conclusion:

This study indicates the use of inhaled steroids in children with asthma is probably safe as far as not inducing posterior subcapsular cataract or ocular hypertension.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2005;42:23–27.
Corneal Transplants for the Treatment of Congenital Corneal Opacities
Authors: Michaeli Adi , Markovich Aryeh , Rootman David S.
Published: March 2020

Purpose:

To describe the results of corneal transplants in infants and young children with congenital corneal disorders.

Methods:

The charts of 38 children who underwent corneal transplantation for congenital corneal opacities from 1988 to 1999 at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, were reviewed. Parameters reviewed included indication, age at diagnosis and surgery, graft size, graft clarity, repeat surgery, glaucoma pre- and post-surgery, visual acuity, and refraction.

Results:

Thirty-eight children (63 eyes) underwent 86 corneal transplants. The four most common indications for surgery included posterior polymorphous dystrophy, Peters anomaly, congenital glaucoma, and sclerocornea. Mean follow-up was 40.4±30.2 months (range, 2–111 months). Seventy-eight percent of the grafts were clear at the final follow-up visit. There were 23 repeat grafts in the entire group.

Conclusions:

The overall success rate of graft clarity was 78% for children undergoing corneal transplantation for congenitally opaque corneas. Best results were achieved in patients with posterior polymorphous dystrophy, followed by patients with Peters anomaly. Sclerocornea and congenital glaucoma carried a 50% chance of success, with repeated transplants needed for many of the eyes.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2005;42:34–44.
Ophthalmologic Findings in Cerebrofaciothoracic Dysplasia
Authors: Bouzas Evrydiki A. , Karadimas Panagiotis , Kanaka-Gantenbein Christina , Papastathopoulos Constantinos , Dimitrakos Stavros , Mastorakos George
Published: March 2020

We describe the ophthalmologic findings in two cases of cerebrofaciothoracic dysplasia, a rare syndrome characterized by facial dysmorphism, multiple malformations of the vertebrae and ribs, and significant mental retardation. Both affected individuals are members of the same family and have epicanthal folds and hypertelorism. In addition, one patient has bilateral bull's eye maculopathy, which may represent an additional severe manifestation of cerebrofaciothoracic dysplasia syndrome.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2005;42:47–51.
Severe Amblyopia of the Sound Eye Resulting From Atropine Therapy Combined With Optical Penalization
Authors: Morrison David G. , Palmer Neva J. , Sinatra Robbin B. , Donahue Sean
Published: March 2020

The potential amblyogenic effect to the sound eye of atropine combined with optical penalization is powerful, and frequent patient monitoring is necessary when using this therapy. We report two cases of amblyopia developing in the previously sound eye as a result of noncompliance during atropine therapy combined with optical penalization. Both cases required active treatment to correct the reverse amblyopia. Vision returned to normal in one patient, while the second patient was lost to follow-up with poor acuity.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2005;42:52–53.
Pediatric Ophthalmologic Findings of Cohen Syndrome in Twins
Authors: Mrugacz Malgorzata , Sredzinska-Kita Dorota , Bakunowicz-Lazarczyk Alina
Published: March 2020

We present the clinical findings and follow-up data of male twins with Cohen syndrome. The most characteristic ophthalmologic findings were down-slanting eyelids, lens opacities, chorioretinal dystrophy, pigmentary retinal deposits, pale disk, and bull's eye maculae.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2005;42:54–56.
The SCFβ-TrCP E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Regulates Immune Receptor Signaling by Targeting the Negative Regulatory Protein TIPE2
Authors: Lou Yunwei , Han Meijuan , Song Yaru , Zhong Jiateng , Zhang Wen , Chen Youhai H. , Wang Hui
Published: March 2020

TNFAIP8-like 2 (TIPE2) is a negative regulator of immune receptor signaling that maintains immune homeostasis. Dysregulated TIPE2 expression has been observed in several types of human immunological disorders. However, how TIPE2 expression is regulated remains to be determined. We report in this study that the SCFβ-TrCP E3 ubiquitin ligase regulates TIPE2 protein abundance by targeting it for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation via the 26S proteasome. Silencing of either cullin-1 or β-TrCP1 resulted in increased levels of TIPE2 in immune cells. TAK1 phosphorylated the Ser3 in the noncanonical degron motif of TIPE2 to trigger its interaction with β-TrCP for subsequent ubiquitination and degradation. Importantly, the amount of TIPE2 protein in immune cells determined the strength of TLR 4–induced signaling and downstream gene expression. Thus, our study has uncovered a mechanism by which SCFβ-TrCP E3 ubiquitin ligase regulates TLR responses.
Homeostatic Milieu Induces Production of Deoxyribonuclease 1–like 3 from Myeloid Cells
Authors: Inokuchi Shoichiro , Mitoma Hiroki , Kawano Shotaro , Nakano Shota , Ayano Masahiro , Kimoto Yasutaka , Akahoshi Mitsuteru , Arinobu Yojiro , Tsukamoto Hiroshi , Akashi Koichi , Horiuchi Takahiko , Niiro Hiroaki
Published: March 2020

DNase 1–like 3 (DNase1L3), which belongs to DNase1 family, was originally identified as one of apoptosis- and necrosis-related endonucleases that fragmentate intranucleosomal DNA. A loss-of-function mutation has been reported in murine models of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and in familial SLE patients. These reports suggest DNase1L3 plays an important role in the prevention of developing SLE; however, expression and function of DNase1L3 in human immune systems have been largely unclarified. As previous reports showed DNase1L3 is expressed in hematopoietic organs, we first analyzed expression levels of DNase1L3 in each subset of human peripheral blood cells by quantitative real-time PCR. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells showed the highest expression levels of DNase1L3 mRNA among peripheral blood cells. IL-4 enhanced DNase1L3 expression in monocytes, monocyte-derived dendritic cells, and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), but not in T cells, B cells, or plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Together with IL-4, all-trans retinoic acid and apoptotic cells efficiently upregulated expression of DNalse1L3 in MDMs. As a result of intracellular signaling analysis, Jak1-IRS2-ERK/PI3K pathway was essential for IL-4–induced DNase1L3 expression. IL-4–treated monocyte-derived dendritic cells and MDMs secreted active DNase1L3 protein that could degrade liposome–DNA complexes, which were resistant to DNase1. Our results indicate DNase1L3 is secreted by innate immune cells and may play a critical role in the tissue homeostasis and on prevention of developing autoimmunity by degrading self-DNA.
Diaphragm paralysis: a case report
Authors: Viccaro Fausta , Sotgiu Antonella , Flores Krisstopher Richard , Di Biase Ernesto Maria , D’Antoni Letizia , Palange Paolo
Published: March 2020

Introduction. Bilateral paralysis of the diaphragm may be an idiopathic clinical condition or associated with several diseases such as trauma, surgery, viral infections, neurologic disorders. The diaphragm is the main respiratory muscle. It is a cupoliform muscle-tendon structure, innervated bilaterally by phrenic nerve, which originates from C3-C5 nerve roots. Diaphragmatic paralysis is a clinical disorder that generates hypoventilation and basal pulmonary atelectasis, predisposing to hypercapnic respiratory failure. The clinic manifestations mimic cardio-respiratory pathologies, therefore often misdiagnosticated. Case presentation. A 55-year-old man with a previous C6-7 traumatic fracture, referred multiple accesses to the emergency room for acute nocturnal dyspnoea, treated with antibiotic therapy, diuretic therapy and long-term oxygen therapy, without beneficial effects. He referred to our pulmonary clinic for evaluation of persistent and worsening orthopnoea due to unknown cause for about 2 years. Clinical examination, respiratory functional tests and diaphragm ultrasound revealed a strong suspicion of diaphragmatic deficit, confirmed by electromyography. Conclusions. The patient accesses to the emergency room numerous times and the clinical frame have been always oriented towards a cardio-respiratory origin. From the onset of the symptom to the respiratory evaluation, about 2.5 years have passed. The manifestation of clear orthopnoea has addressed the functional respiratory study towards a more thorough diaphragmatic evaluation assessed by ultrasound.
Periodontitis and oral cancer - current concepts of the etiopathogenesis
Authors: Irani Soussan , Barati Iman , Badiei Mohammadreza
Published: March 2020

Gingival tissues are attacked by oral pathogens which can induce inflammatory reactions. The immune-inflammatory responses play essential roles in the patient susceptibility to periodontal diseases. There is a wealth of evidence indicating a link between chronic inflammation and risk of malignant transformation of the affected oral epithelium. Periodontitis is associated with an increased risk of developing chronic systemic conditions including autoimmune diseases and different types of cancers. Besides, some risk factors such as smoking , alcohol consumption and human papilloma virus have been found to be associated with both periodontitis and oral cancer. This review article aimed to study the current concepts in pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis and oral cancer by reviewing the related articles.
A profile of patients presenting at a low vision clinic in a resource-limited setting
Authors: Xulu-Kasaba Zamadonda N.Q. , Mashige Khathutshelo P. , Mthembu Mawande G. , Mazibuko Nkululeko S. , Mabunda Ntombi A. , Randeree Ahmed S. , Parsad Asharia
Published: March 2020

Background: The university-based low vision clinic is one of the few low vision clinics in South Africa.Aim: To describe demographic and clinical profiles of patients who attended this clinic from 2010 to 2017.Setting: The university low vision clinic, South Africa.Methods: The record cards of all patients seen at the low vision clinic over 8 years were examined and the following information was extracted: age, gender, presenting visual acuity (VA), VA following low vision assessment, cause of visual impairment and types of low vision devices recommended.Results: A total of 621 patients were examined, comprising 45.1% males and 55.9% females aged 36.0 ± 18.2 years (range: 4–93 years). Many of these patients (33.7%) had presenting VA worse than 1.3 logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution (logMAR) ( 6/120) at 4 m in the better eye, and 196 (31.6%) had presenting VA of worse than 1.3 logMAR at near distance. Following optical low vision assessment, 62.4% had distance VA of 0.9 LogMAR (6/48) to −0.2 logMAR (6/3.8) and 58.4% had near VA of 0.9 logMAR (6/48) to −0.2 logMAR (6/3.8). Albinism (22.7%), unknown causes (18.2%), cataract (15.5%) and macular diseases (12.2%) were the most common causes of low vision. Amblyopia (80.7%) was the most common cause of low vision in patients aged 20 years and younger, followed by albinism (68.1%) and corneal diseases (41%). Cataract (78.1%), macular diseases (64.4%) and glaucoma (55.9%) were the most common causes of low vision in patients aged more than 60 years. Telescopes (33.8%) were the most commonly recommended form of intervention, followed by magnifiers (29.6%) and protective measures (24.5%).Conclusion: Albinism, cataract and macular diseases are the predominant causes of low vision in patients attending this low vision clinic. There was a significant improvement in VA after low-vision assessment, particularly for patients with presenting VA of better than 1.3 logMAR (6/120).
Reasons women terminate their pregnancies legally and their contraceptive practices at Soshanguve 3 Community Health Centre, Tshwane district, South Africa
Authors: Masanabo David K.K. , Govender Indiran , Bongongo Tombo
Published: March 2020

Background: Various reasons have been cited in studies conducted in South Africa on why women legally terminate their pregnancies. We sought to determine the reasons for women to terminate their pregnancies legally and their contraceptive practices. This study was conducted at Soshanguve 3 Community Health Centre (CHC), located in a semi-rural zone in the north-west of Pretoria, Gauteng province of South Africa.Method: A cross-sectional study design was adopted in this study.Results: Of the 250 respondents, high participation (23.2%) was noted amongst women aged 18–20 years. Eighty-three (33.2%) respondents did not have children, 108 (43.2%) had completed their secondary school education and 226 (90.4%) were Christian. Of the participants, 80% were single and 62.8% were unemployed. About 85.6% (214) of respondents had not had a previous abortion. A total of 24% of respondents requested abortion because they wanted to focus on their education, while 23.1% were not ready to be parents and 21.7% experienced financial difficulties. With regard to practice, all respondents had already used contraception and the most used contraceptive was the male condom (43.5%), followed by an injectable contraceptive (7.1%).Conclusion: While academic reasons, not being ready to be a parent and financial difficulties were named as the main reasons for terminating a pregnancy legally, the selected pregnant women at Soshanguve 3 CHC demonstrated an unsatisfactory practice of contraceptive measures.
Elliptic fibrations on K3 surfaces with a non-symplectic involution fixing rational curves and a curve of positive genus
Authors: Garbagnati Alice , Salgado Cecília
Published: March 2020

In this paper we complete the classification of the elliptic fibrations on K3 surfaces which admit a non-symplectic involution acting trivially on the Néron–Severi group. We use the geometric method introduced by Oguiso and moreover we provide a geometric construction of the fibrations classified. If the non-symplectic involution fixes at least one curve of genus 1, we relate all the elliptic fibrations on the K3 surface with either elliptic fibrations or generalized conic bundles on rational elliptic surfaces. This description allows us to write the Weierstrass equations of the elliptic fibrations on the K3 surfaces explicitly and to study their specializations.
Supports and extreme points in Lipschitz-free spaces
Authors: Aliaga Ramón J. , Pernecká Eva
Published: March 2020

For a complete metric space

M

, we prove that the finitely supported extreme points of the unit ball of the Lipschitz-free space

\mathcal{F}{M}

are precisely the elementary molecules

(\delta(p)-\delta(q))/d(p,q)

defined by pairs of points

p,q

in

M

such that the triangle inequality

d(p,q) < d(p,r)+d(q,r)

is strict for any

r\in M

different from

p

and

q

. To this end, we show that the class of Lipschitz-free spaces over closed subsets of

M

is closed under arbitrary intersections when

M

has finite diameter, and that this allows a natural definition of the support of elements of

\mathcal{F}{M}

.
A Survey of Railway Track Modelling
Authors: Bhardawaj Sono , Chandmal Sharma Rakesh , Kumar Sharma Sunil
Published: March 2020

Railway vehicle is a complex system comprises of several components and has several degrees of freedom. The railway vehicle moves over the system called railway track which is consisted of different components i.e. rail, rail pad, sleeper, fastening elements, ballast, soil and subsoil etc. Modelling of the track is initiated in year 1860. Since then researchers have formulated different models of track components and track systems to analyse the vehicle behaviour, dynamic interaction at the wheel-rail interface and between the track components itself. This paper reviews the investigations carried out in last 50 years and provides a thorough understanding on dynamic behaviour of different track components.
Effective Design of Active Suspension System using Fuzzy Logic Control Approach
Authors: Avesh Mohd , Srivastava Rajeev , Chandmal Sharma Rakesh , Sharma Neeraj
Published: March 2020

The study deals with the light passenger vehicle suspension system design to improve the ride quality. The fuzzy logic control approach is applied to the half car suspension system model by adjusting the control parameters and properties using online adaptation with a minimized cost function and reduced hardware complexity. The performance of resulting model is tested under the influence of trapezoidal and triangular membership functions using the 9, 25 and 49 rules-set. The controller robustness is observed at different performance indices. Road excitations in the form of disturbance input are modelled as the sinusoidal function of a speed bump to reveal the transient response of the automotive body. Ultimately, the performance of active suspension system has been improved in terms of displacement and acceleration of seat, heave, pitch, and roll by the application of proposed fuzzy logic controller. Results reported that the trapezoidal shape 25 rules set membership function based fuzzy logic controller gives the best performance between the investigated systems.
Clarifying the Role of Mg2Si and Si in Localized Corrosion of Aluminum Alloys by Quasi In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Kairy Shravan K. , Birbilis Nick
Published: March 2020

The role of magnesium silicide (Mg2Si) and silicon (Si) particles in the localized corrosion of aluminum (Al) alloys was investigated herein. Sub-micrometer-sized Mg2Si and Si particles were grown in the Al matrix of Al-Mg-Si and Al-Si alloys, respectively, and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A quasi in situ TEM technique was used to study an identical location containing Mg2Si or Si particle in the Al matrix, prior to and following a period of immersion in 0.1 M NaCl at pH 6, 2, and 12. At pH 6 and 2, Mg2Si was initially “anodic,” preferentially dealloying via selective dissolution of Mg, resulting in the development of SiO-rich remnants that are electrochemically inert. The SiO-rich remnants at pH 2 physically detached from the Al matrix. Silicon particles were electrochemically inert at pH 6, while “cathodic” at pH 2, dissolving the Al matrix at their periphery. It was observed that copper (Cu) was redeposited on Si particles at pH 2. At pH 12, Mg2Si and Si were “cathodic” to the Al matrix. This study clarifies, and provides new insights into, the characteristics of Al alloy physical manifestation of corrosion associated with Mg2Si and Si at the nanoscale.
Effect of a Circular Ring on the Side Force of a Cone-Cylinder Body
Authors: Gaurav Shashank , Das Sudip , Kumar Priyank
Published: March 2020

This paper aims to investigate the side force on a cone-cylinder geometry at different angles of attack (α) by adopting experiments and computations. The cone-cylinder configuration had a length to diameter ratio (L/D) of 10, and a base diameter (D) of 25 mm. The nose shape had a fineness ratio of approximately 3. Results indicated that the side force increases with the increasing of the angle of attack. A circular ring was used to reduce the side force at different angles of attack. Using a smaller height ring (2% of local diameter) in the initial portion of the body did not reduce the side force significantly at lower angles of attack. However, a ring with larger height (5% of local diameter) placed at 2.5 times the diameter of the body from the tip reduced the side force at almost all the angles of attack.
Local Circulation Features in the Eastern Amazon: High-resolution Simulation
Authors: Fontenelle Germano Michell , Daisuke Oyama Marcos
Published: March 2020

A high-resolution simulation of a real case is carried out in Eastern Amazon (Northeastern coast of State of Pará) with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in order to analyze/detect local circulation features in the region. To this end, we simulated a case with low interference of synoptic weather systems and precipitation aiming to eliminate the effects of convective systems in local circulations. The performance of the model for the day studied was evaluated and the existence of circulations found in the simulation was confirmed through observational data. The model performance evaluation showed that the model was able to capture most of the patterns for the studied area. The simulation captured the presence of three main circulations: the Sea Breeze (SB), on the coast; the Land Breeze (LB), also on the coast; and the Bay Breeze (BB), which forms on both banks of Marajó Bay. In addition to these three major circulations, the high-resolution simulations also revealed the presence of a river breeze (RB) from Guamá River and a fan-shaped circulation on the entrance of Guajará Bay. The observational data confirmed the presence of Guamá River breeze from the Southeast, which is more active from July to September.
Aromatherapy as an adjunctive therapy for neonatal abstinence syndrome: A pilot study
Authors: Daniel, IV, MD, MS John M. , Davidson, MD, MS Lesley N. , Havens, PhD, MPH Jennifer R. , Bauer, PhD John A. , Shook, MD Lori A.
Published: March 2020

Objective: To determine if aromatherapy added to the current standard of care for opioid withdrawal syndrome decreases hospitalization and need for opioid replacement in neonates.Design: Nonblinded, randomized control trial. Setting: Level 4 neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).Patients and participants: Thirty eight patients met inclusion criteria of greater than or equal to 36 weeks of gestation, history of intrauterine opioid exposure, primary diagnosis of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), and parental permission to participate.Interventions: Infants were randomized to either a standard therapy group or a standard therapy plus aromatherapy.Main outcome measure(s): Duration of therapy and length of stay.Results: Our pilot study showed that the use of aromatherapy in conjunction with standard therapy reduced the duration of medication treatment by 41 percent and hospital length of stay in the NICU by 36 percent.Conclusions: The use of aromatherapy appears to help mitigate symptoms of NAS and offers to be a viable treatment modality when used with conventional therapy.
Opioid overdoses: Emerging clinical challenges
Authors: Ramos, BSN, RN, MSPH Andrea , Sarmiento, RN Lina , Dietz, PhD Noella , Cordero, MD Nelson , Levy, MD-MPH Ximena , Hennekens, MD, DrPH Charles H.
Published: March 2020

Objective: Analysis of a large consecutive case series of cases brought to an Emergency Department (ED).Design: Retrospective chart review.Setting: Emergency Department in Broward County, Florida.Patients: Medical records of patients with registered diagnoses of opioid overdose in 2016 and 2017.Outcomes: Demographics, toxicology results, mental-health comorbidities, use/response to naloxone, and hospital disposition.Results: Seven hundred and seventy nine opioid-overdose cases were identified (35 percent female, 65 percent male; age 36.2). Heroin intoxication was registered in 77 percent of discharge diagnoses, and 17.7 percent were prescription pain medications. Urine samples were collected in 39 percent and 81.5 percent of patients received naloxone (mean dose 4.0 mg ± 2.2). Sixty-five percent of cases were discharged home, 17.5 percent left the ED against medical advice, and 17.5 percent were admitted to the hospital/intensive care unit/behavioral unit.Conclusion: There is an alarming number of visits to the ED due to opioid overdoses with differences in age and gender. Clinicians are facing diagnostic, treatment and follow-up challenges for the management of these cases.
Is the watching-eye effect a fluke?
Authors: Oda Ryo
Published: March 2020

The watching-eye effect is a phenomenon wherein artificial surveillance cues enhance prosocial behavior toward strangers. Two meta-analyses on the effect, which focused on generosity measured by donations and economic games, suggest that artificial surveillance cues do not influence the donation amount. However, the factors possibly affecting the watching-eye effect should be examined more carefully. The most important factor that can bias results is the number of people around when the participants make a donation decision.
Comparison of HiL Control Methods for
Wind Turbine System Test Benches
Authors: Kaven Lennard , Leisten Christian , Basler Maximilian , Schlösser Moritz , Jassmann Uwe , Abel Dirk
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The current test process in design and certification of wind turbines (WTs) is time and cost intensive, as it depends on the wind conditions and requires the setup of the WT in the field. Efforts are made to transfer the test process to a system test bench (STB) whereby an easier installation is enabled and the load can be arbitrarily applied. However, on a STB the WT is installed without rotor and tower and the remaining drive train behaviour acts differently to the WT drive train in the field. The original behaviour must be restored by incorporating a Hardware-in.the-Loop (HiL) simulation into the operation of the STB. The HiL simulation consists of the virtual rotor and wind and the control of the applied loads. Furthermore, sensors as the wind vane and actors as the pitch drives, which are not present at the STB, are substituted by simulation models. This contribution investigates suitable HiL control methods of the applied torque. Herein, we survey three methods of different complexity and compare them in terms of performance, actuator requirements and robustness. The simplest method emulates the divergent inertia by classical control. A more complex method based on a reference model also considers the alternated dynamic behaviour of the drive train. Model predictive control (MPC) currently constitutes the most complex HiL method, as the MPC also includes future predictions of the driving torque behaviour. Our comparison identifies that increased complexity of the control method ensures enhanced preformance. WT drive train dynamics can be reproduced up to 1, 6, and 10 Hz for IE, MRC and MPC, respectively. Yet, for higher control complexity, the requirements for the dynamic torque proliferate and the controllers robustness to model deviations decreases.
Development of new strategies for optimized structural monitoring of wind farms: description of the experimental field
Authors: Pacheco João , Guimarães Silvina , Moutinho Carlos , Marques Miguel , Matos José Carlos , Magalhães Filipe
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The main goal of the recently started WindFarmSHM research project is the development, validation and optimization of monitoring strategies to be applied at the level of the wind farm, which should be able to evaluate the structural condition of a set of wind turbines and their consumed fatigue life, using the response to operation loads. In this context, a quite extensive experimental campaign is being performed in Tocha wind farm, an onshore wind farm located in Portugal, which includes the simultaneous instrumentation of several wind turbines adoting strain gages, clinometers and accelerometers distributed in the tower and blades. This paper introduces the Tocha wind farm, presents the different layouts adopted in the instrumentation of the wind turbines and shows some initial results from the already fully instrumented wind turbine. At this preliminary stage, the capabilities of the very extensive monitoring layout will be demonstrated and it will be evaluated the ability of the different monitoring components to track the modal parameters of the system composed by tower and rotor.
The Impact of Customer Value Management on Potential Profits - A Proposed Management Accounting Framework
Authors: Mohamed Abeer
Published: March 2020

Purpose- The purpose of this study is to propose a customer value management framework to improve the potential profits using the Management accounting techniques.Design/methodology/approach- Based on the literature, this study identifies and adapts the most appropriate management accounting techniques to manage the customer value and hence improve potential profits. It also tests the perceptions of managers and management accountants of the Egyptian service sector concerning the relative merits of such a framework.Findings- The most significant finding is that the current study accepted the revised model because it provided better fit indices compared with the fit indices of the hypothesized model. A key finding in the current study that has not been investigated in previous studies is that the customer value analysis has a positive and significant impact on companies’ profitability. The study also found that there is an indirect relationship between customer profitability analysis and companies’ profitability. Other factors in the proposed framework have significant positive relationships.Originality/value- This paper contributes to management accounting literature by proposing a framework for managing customer value for the potential profits improvement purpose, using customer profitability analysis; customer value analysis; and value add-costing techniques together with the proposed sequences. It is also a practical contribution to improving the potential profits of the Egyptian service sector.