bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainable policy performance and types of governance: Is there a trade‐off between consensus and efficiency?
Authors: Jahn Detlef , Suda Sophie
Published: April 2022

We use the Bertelsmann Foundation's Sustainable Government Indicators (SGI) to find out how executive efficiency and consensus capacity influence sustainable policy performance. Although those two concepts are often seen as opposites, we show that this is not the case and that they can actually complement each other: separately as well as together, an efficient executive and consensus capacity support more sustainable policy performance. However, government efficiency is a double‐edged sword. Depending on the policy positions governments take, outcomes vary. In this respect, efficient government structures are an amplifier of policy outcomes. In the case of sustainable policy performance, left‐leaning governments increase sustainable policy performance, while right‐leaning governments do not.
User relay‐aided energy‐efficient resource allocation in heterogeneous cloud radio access network
Authors: Shirmohamadi Mahdi , Bakhshi Hamidreza , Dosaranian‐Moghadam Mohamad
Published: April 2022

In this article, we consider a user relay‐aided resource allocation problem for femtocell access points (FAPs) and macrocells to improve energy efficiency in heterogeneous cloud radio access networks. The formulated optimization problem is NP‐hard and mixed‐integer non‐linear programming due to the incredibly complex relation between different optimization variables and their impacts on each other. To solve this non‐convex and NP‐hard optimization problem in an effective and distributed method, we propose an efficient three‐step iterative algorithm. The solution approaches are derived from successive convex approximation and complementary geometric programming by considering maximum power, front‐haul link and baseband unit (BBU) capacity, Jain's fairness index, and quality of service constraints of macro and femtocell users. The simulation results depict that the proposed algorithm can effectively decrease the energy consumption of BBUs by switching off under‐utilized BBUs and offloading the traffic from remote radio heads and macro‐cell to FAPs.
RETRACTED: Design and implementation of network‐on‐chip router using multi‐priority based iterative round‐robin matching with slip
Authors: Singh Sangeeta , Ravindra J. V. R. , Naik B. Rajendra
Published: April 2022

Nowadays, network‐on‐chip (NoC) routers become important in several applications including mobile technology and digital communication. Multiple cores/processors are typically coupled using NoC routers, which considerably improve integrated circuit performance in terms of power, latency, throughput, and area. So, a novel 4 × 4 topology‐based NoC router using multi‐priority based iterative round‐robin matching with slip (MPiSLIP) routing algorithm is implemented in this work. The proposed work contains different operational blocks classification such as route computation using static straight allocator, route controlling using MPiSLIP arbiter, a crossbar switch, combined parallel virtual channel and switch allocation unit, look ahead bypass route computation (LBRC), and input‐output ports. The MPiSLIP routing mechanism also determines the priorities necessary for route development. Finally, by bypassing the switches and fulfilling all of the priories in a look‐ahead manner, LBRC is employed to establish the effective path between input ports and output ports. The simulation results show that the proposed MPiSLIP‐based NoC routing method resulted in a reduced area, power, and latency as compared to the open‐source NoCs, multi‐processor NoCs, multi‐core NoCs, and conventional routing algorithms.
What’s in a Fish Species Name and When to Change It?
Authors: Tracy Bryn H
Published: April 2022

Honorific scientific names have recently received intense scrutiny because societal values have changed. Across disciplines groundswells of support for renaming species have occurred; specifically those named after dishonorable people or with culturally inappropriate common names. Fishes have not been immune to this attention, but changes have come slowly. Now is the time for AFS to confront this controversial topic. The renaming processes can be aided by examining what other organizations have done. First, AFS should develop procedures for renaming species epithets and common names for species named after people who advocated racist and/or sexist views, used derogatory names in their writings, or did reprehensible things. Second, this process should include input from fisheries professionals who have to work with these names within the context of fisheries management, the AFS Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Committee, and Indigenous peoples. Third, ichthyologists should change how their newly described species are named. As descriptions are written, an opportunity presents itself to name species with names of Indigenous peoples or after people that more closely represent the value sets of our society and profession. North Carolina, with its specious freshwater fish fauna, can serve as an illustrative case study of controversial fish names that warrant this discussion.
Physicochemical characteristics and immunoregulatory activities of polysaccharides from five cultivars of Chrysanthemi Flos
Authors: Wang Ying , Chen Xuetao , Zhao Ping , Ren Lu , Li Xia , Gao Wenyuan
Published: April 2022

This study compared the physicochemical characteristics and immunomodulatory activities of chrysanthemums’ polysaccharides (JPs) from five cultivars. Significant differences were found in the molecular weights, the ratios of monosaccharide compositions, and morphological properties. Polysaccharides of Gongju (GJP) had the lowest molecular weight populations and polysaccharides of Boju (BJP) had the highest. SEM showed that GJP and polysaccharides of Qiju had looser and uniform surface structures, which are beneficial for being developed into instant products. Immunoregulatory assay revealed that JPs enhanced the phagocytosis and proliferation of RAW264.7 cells without obvious cytotoxicity, and upregulated the release level of TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, and NO. Immune‐enhancing activity correlated with their molecular weights, the contents of glucuronic acid and arabinose, and microstructure, which performed differently according to different cultivars. The results suggested that BJP and polysaccharides of Hangbaiju are more suitable to be developed as new functional foods for enhancing immunity, and provided a reference for selection based on the immunization requirements.
Three types of Triassic granitoids in Changning‐Menglian suture zone: Petrological, geochemical, and geochronological constraints for source characteristics and petrogenesis
Authors: Zhao Feng , Xue Shengchao , Li Gongjian , Sun Zaibo , Hu Xinwei , Tang Xin , Wang Zhenchao
Published: April 2022

The Triassic granitoids are widely exposed along the Changning‐Menglian suture zone (CMSZ) in SW China, which are the products of Palaeo‐Tethyan closure and are characterized by highly variable geochemical compositions. However, details of the implied source heterogeneity and magma genesis have not been well constrained. In this study, we present zircon U–Pb isotopes and trace elements, whole‐rock major and trace element compositions and Sr–Nd isotopes of Triassic granitoids from the giant Yunling and Lincang plutons developed in the CMSZ. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry zircon U–Pb dating indicates that they were emplaced at ca. 227–216 Ma. Geochemically, these Triassic granitoids can be classified into three types. The Yunling low‐silica granodiorites (Type 1) are characterized by the presence of amphibole‐bearing mineral assemblages, high TiO2 and FeOT + MgO, belonging to I‐type granite and calc‐alkaline series. The Lincang low‐silica granodiorites (Type 2) are metaluminous to peraluminous with the occurrence of amphibole, consistent with transitional I‐S‐type granites. Compared to Type 1 and 2, the Lincang high‐silica (SiO2 > 70%) alkali feldspar granites and syenogranites (Type 3) display lower CaO, TiO2, P2O5, MgO + FeOT, Eu, Sr, and Zr contents, belonging to fractionated‐type granites. Three types of granitoids collectively show enriched Rb, Th, K, and Pb, depleted Ba, Sr, Ti, and Eu, negative whole‐rock εNd(t) (−11.0 to −10.7) and old TDM2 ages of 1,886–1,855 Ma, indicating the affinity of middle‐upper crustal derivation. New zircon U–Pb dating yields an age range of 2,391–322 Ma for inherited zircons with two clusters at ca. 460 and 956 Ma, suggesting that their crustal source might be the basement of the Simao Block rather than the basement of the Proterozoic Lancang Group. Diverse geochemical compositions indicate that the parental magma of the Triassic granitoids in the CMSZ originated from the partial melting of a heterogeneous source, and experienced magma mixing, assimilation with Lancang Group meta‐sandstone and fractional crystallization. Considering the exhumation of the high‐pressure metamorphic rocks in the CMSZ at Triassic, the upwelling of the asthenosphere after the Palaeo‐Tethyan closure increased the geothermal gradient of the lithosphere and triggered extensive crust melting in a post‐collisional setting.
Petrogenesis of Miocene igneous rocks in the Tafresh area (central Urumieh‐Dokhtar magmatic arc, Iran): Insights into mantle sources and geodynamic processes
Authors: Babazadeh Shahrouz , Raeisi Davood , D'Antonio Massimo , Zhao Miao , Long Leon E. , Cottle John M. , Modabberi Soroush
Published: April 2022

Cenozoic tectono‐magmatism in Iran is widely considered to be related to subduction of the Neo‐Tethys Ocean. We employed whole‐rock and mineral geochemistry and isotopic data of intrusive rocks from Tafresh, central Urumieh‐Dokhtar magmatic arc, to evaluate the role of the mantle in magmatism, to assess the timing of emplacement, and to interpret the tectonic setting. Rock compositions range from gabbro or gabbro‐diorite (plagioclase + pyroxene ± olivine), to diorite (plagioclase + amphibole ± pyroxene), to granodiorite (quartz + plagioclase + K‐feldspar + amphibole + biotite), exhibiting high‐alumina calc‐alkaline affinity. Major oxide and trace element variations vary systematically from less to more evolved rocks suggesting a major role for fractional crystallization processes. Zircon LA‐ICP‐MS U–Pb ages of major rock types are in the range of 24–19 Ma, whereas those of gabbroic dikes are ~17.5 Ma. ԐNd values range between −1.8 and 3.7, and (87Sr/86Sr)i is narrowly restricted to 0.705–0.706, suggesting a common mantle source. The enrichment in light rare earth element (REE) enrichment and flat heavy REE patterns couple depletion of Nb–Ta–Ti indicate that subducting oceanic crust had interacted with the overlying mantle wedge. High‐alumina, mid‐Mg# Tafresh plutonic rocks formed from hydrous melts from which Ca‐pyroxene and magnetite crystallized earlier than plagioclase, whereas late‐crystallizing zircon nucleated while magma traversed through lithospheric mantle and Cadomian crust. Modelling of isotope and incompatible‐element patterns suggests the contribution of no more than ~5% molten sediment or other crustal components in Tafresh magma, at a developmental stage before most plagioclase and amphibole had crystallized. The Miocene Tafresh plutons originated during the final stages of subduction, before the collision between the Arabian and Eurasian plates.
Astrocyte regulation of neural circuit activity and network states
Authors: Oliveira João Filipe , Araque Alfonso
Published: April 2022

Astrocytes are known to influence neuronal activity through different mechanisms, including the homeostatic control of extracellular levels of ions and neurotransmitters and the exchange of signaling molecules that regulate synaptic formation, structure, and function. While a great effort done in the past has defined many molecular mechanisms and cellular processes involved in astrocyte‐neuron interactions at the cellular level, the consequences of these interactions at the network level in vivo have only relatively recently been identified. This review describes and discusses recent findings on the regulatory effects of astrocytes on the activity of neuronal networks in vivo. Accumulating but still limited, evidence indicates that astrocytes regulate neuronal network rhythmic activity and synchronization as well as brain states. These studies demonstrate a critical contribution of astrocytes to brain activity and are paving the way for a more thorough understanding of the cellular bases of brain function.
Sex‐ and age‐specific associations between cardiometabolic risk and white matter brain age in the UK Biobank cohort
Authors: Subramaniapillai Sivaniya , Suri Sana , Barth Claudia , Maximov Ivan I. , Voldsbekk Irene , van der Meer Dennis , Gurholt Tiril P. , Beck Dani , Draganski Bogdan , Andreassen Ole A. , Ebmeier Klaus P. , Westlye Lars T. , de Lange Ann‐Marie G.
Published: April 2022

Cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors are associated with accelerated brain aging and increased risk for sex‐dimorphic illnesses such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Yet, it is unknown how CMRs interact with sex and apolipoprotein E‐ϵ4 (APOE4), a known genetic risk factor for AD, to influence brain age across different life stages. Using age prediction based on multi‐shell diffusion‐weighted imaging data in 21,308 UK Biobank participants, we investigated whether associations between white matter Brain Age Gap (BAG) and body mass index (BMI), waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR), body fat percentage (BF%), and APOE4 status varied (i) between males and females, (ii) according to age at menopause in females, and (iii) across different age groups in males and females. We report sex differences in associations between BAG and all three CMRs, with stronger positive associations among males compared to females. Independent of APOE4 status, higher BAG (older brain age relative to chronological age) was associated with greater BMI, WHR, and BF% in males, whereas in females, higher BAG was associated with greater WHR, but not BMI and BF%. These divergent associations were most prominent within the oldest group of females (66–81 years), where greater BF% was linked to lower BAG. Earlier menopause transition was associated with higher BAG, but no interactions were found with CMRs. In conclusion, the findings point to sex‐ and age‐specific associations between CMRs and brain age. Incorporating sex as a factor of interest in studies addressing CMR may promote sex‐specific precision medicine, consequently improving health care for both males and females.
Hospital‐physician integration and risk‐coding intensity
Authors: Post Brady , Norton Edward C. , Hollenbeck Brent K. , Ryan Andrew M.
Published: April 2022

Hospital‐physician integration has surged in recent years. Integration may allow hospitals to share resources and management practices with their integrated physicians that increase the reported diagnostic severity of their patients. Greater diagnostic severity will increase practices' payment under risk‐based arrangements. We offer the first analysis of whether hospital‐physician integration affects providers' coding of patient severity. Using a two‐way fixed effects model, an event study, and a stacked difference‐in‐differences analysis of 5 million patient‐year observations from 2010 to 2015, we find that the integration of a patient's primary care doctor is associated with a robust 2%–4% increase in coded severity, the risk‐score equivalent of aging a physician's patients by 4–8 months. This effect was not driven by physicians treating different patients nor by physicians seeing patients more often. Our evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that hospitals share organizational resources with acquired physician practices to increase the measured clinical severity of patients. Increases in the intensity of coding will improve vertically‐integrated practices' performance in alternative payment models and pay‐for‐performance programs while raising overall health care spending.
Identification of the regulatory role of the circ_0004788/miR‐515‐5p/FGF2 network in nasopharyngeal carcinoma development
Authors: Li Dajun , Li Xianzhe , Fan Gai , Bian Guiqin
Published: April 2022

Background

CircularRNAs (circRNAs) played vital roles in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, the impacts of circ_0004788 on the development of NPC have not been explored.

Methods

Cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8), 5‐Ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU) and colony formation assays were applied to determine cell proliferation. Wound healing, transwell invasion assay, tube formation assay, and flow cytometry were employed for the detection of cell migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and apoptosis, respectively. Xenograft tumor experiment was used to explore the biological role of circ_0004788 in NPC in vivo.

Results

Circ_0004788 and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) were significantly elevated, and microRNA‐515‐5p (miR‐515‐5p) was dramatically decreased in NPC tissues and cells. The impacts of circ_0004788 knockdown on cell progression in NPC cells were reversed by miR‐515‐5p inhibitor, and FGF2 overexpression could block the suppressive effect of miR‐515‐5p on cell progression in NPC cells.

Conclusion

Circ_0004788 knockdown restrained the progression of NPC via the miR‐515‐5p/FGF2 axis.
Clustering assisted artificial neural network for handling noisy big data: An application for estimation of parameter in combined mode conduction and radiation heat transfer
Authors: Mishra Vijay K. , Anand Kshitij , Bhardwaj Abhishek
Published: April 2022

A pattern net assisted mapping artificial neural network (PAMANN) model for estimation of parameters in problem with large data (1300 × 121 matrix size) is reported. A pattern net‐based multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPNN) model for clustering the data, followed by mapping MLPNN model for mapping the target with the input, is developed as PAMANN model. A heat transfer problem with combined mode conduction and radiation in porous medium is solved numerically, and is called direct model. In the inverse model, a PAMANN model is developed by using data generated through the direct model. The PAMANN model is able to estimate two parameters (extinction coefficient β and convective coupling P2) after taking temperature profile as input. The model is tested for different number of neurons in hidden layer, and different levels of noise in input data. Twelve different algorithms are explored in training of mapping MLPNN, and compared for performance. Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm is found to estimate the parameters with high accuracy, but took high CPU time. Bayesian regularization is found to consume very high CPU time with moderate accuracy in estimation of parameters. Variations in hidden layer neuron number and noise in input data, were done to analyze the performance of mapping MLPNN with different training algorithms. Algorithms O‐Step Secant, conjugate gradient with Polak‐Ribiére updates, and conjugate gradient with Fletcher‐Reeves updates are able to handle all variations of noise and number of neurons in hidden layer, with good accuracy of estimation and low CPU time consumption. Under high computational resource LM algorithm can be used for all cases. Up to 0.99132 value of regression coefficient is obtained in mapping MLPNN model with 15 hidden neurons, indicating the high accuracy of the model. With the help of PAMANN model, highly accurate (absolute error 1.78%) estimation of parameters is obtained. The model can handle upto 1% noise in input data, while giving accurate results.
Flow due to a porous stretching/shrinking sheet with thermal radiation and mass transpiration
Authors: Mahabaleshwar Ulavathi Shettar , Sneha Kolkar Nanjappa , Souayeh Basma
Published: April 2022

This study investigates the behavior of carbon nanotubes (CNT) approaching an unsteady flow of a Newtonian fluid over a stagnation point on a stretching surface employing porous media. It flows when the liquid begins to move with the progression of time. Heat exchange with the environment has an impact on the flow. The implicitly limited component technique is used to solve the nondimensional partial differential equation with an associated boundary layer, which is an unstable system. Analytically, the solutions, as well as the required boundary conditions, are obtained. The effects of mass transpiration, volume fraction, and heat radiation on Newtonian fluid flow through porous media are explored. Single‐ and multi‐walled CNTs are used as well as water, as base fluids in the experiment. The impact of thermal radiation and heat source/sink is shown in the energy equation, which is solved under four different cases: uniform heat flux case, constant wall temperature case, general power‐law wall heat flux case, and general power‐law wall temperature case. By supplying distinct physical characteristics, a theoretical analysis of the existence and nonexistence of unique and dual solutions may be explored. These physical parameters determine the velocity distribution and temperature distribution. Prescribed surface temperature (PST) and prescribed wall heat flux (PHF) heat transfer solutions can be written using confluent hypergeometric equations, and generic power‐law PST and PHF situations can also be expressed using confluent hypergeometric equations. The graphical representations assist in the discussion of the current study's findings.
Design and simulation of water‐cooled dehumidifier for HDH desalination plant
Authors: Shaik Vajeer Baba , Tangellapalli Srinivas
Published: April 2022

Condensers are widely used in thermal applications to transfer the maximum heat between the working fluids and change the phase of vapor. In basic thermal‐based humidification–dehumidification (HDH) desalination, a condenser is used as a water‐cooled dehumidifier for improving freshwater production within the minimum area. In this thermal‐based HDH system, desalinated water production is the major output. The simulation tool is used to analyze the thermohydraulic performance of a water‐cooled dehumidifier. In this thermohydraulic analysis, variables, like, airflow rate, tube diameter, and longitudinal pitch are thoroughly investigated to identify the optimum parameters for improving the performance of the water‐cooled dehumidifier. The obtained results indicate that the heat transfer area and performance index are increased when the airflow rate and tube diameter change. But at 8 and 10 mm tube diameter, the surface area and performance index are contradictory in nature while longitudinal pitch varies from 30 to 45 mm. At 12.5 mm tube diameter, surface area and performance index decrease gradually but the certain period of pitch limit performance increases markedly. In addition, the yield of HDH desalination has been investigated. When the mass flow rate changed from 100 to 500 kg/h, it was 0.667–3.32 L/h.
Adapting open science and pre‐registration to longitudinal research
Authors: Petersen Isaac T. , Apfelbaum Keith S. , McMurray Bob
Published: April 2022

Open science practices, such as pre‐registration and data sharing, increase transparency and may improve the replicability of developmental science. However, developmental science has lagged behind other fields in implementing open science practices. This lag may arise from unique challenges and considerations of longitudinal research. In this paper, preliminary guidelines are provided for adapting open science practices to longitudinal research to facilitate researchers' use of these practices. The guidelines propose a serial and modular approach to registration that includes an initial pre‐registration of the methods and focal hypotheses of the longitudinal study, along with subsequent pre‐ or co‐registered questions, hypotheses, and analysis plans associated with specific papers. Researchers are encouraged to share their research materials and relevant data with associated papers and to report sufficient information for replicability. In addition, there should be careful consideration of requirements regarding the timing of data sharing, to avoid disincentivizing longitudinal research.
The role and mechanism of noncoding RNAs in regulation of metabolic reprogramming in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Liao Wenwei , Du Jinpeng , Wang Zhen , Feng Qingbo , Liao Mingheng , Liu Huixian , Yuan Kefei , Zeng Yong
Published: April 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer. Metabolic reprogramming is considered to be an important hallmark of cancer. Emerging studies have demonstrated that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are closely associated with metabolic reprogramming of HCC. NcRNAs can directly regulate the expressions or functions of metabolic enzymes or indirectly regulate the metabolism of HCC cells through some vital signaling pathways. Until now, the mechanisms of HCC development and progression remain largely unclear, and understanding the regulatory mechanism of ncRNAs on metabolic reprogramming of HCC may provide an important basis for breakthrough progress in the treatment of HCC. In this review, we summarize the ncRNAs involved in regulating metabolic reprogramming of HCC. Specifically, the regulatory roles of ncRNAs in glucose, lipid and amino acid metabolism are elaborated. In addition, we discuss the molecular mechanism of ncRNAs in regulation of metabolic reprogramming and possible therapeutic strategies that target the metabolism of cancer cells by modulating the expressions of specific ncRNAs.
Triage performance and predictive value of the human gene methylation panel among women positive on self‐collected HPV test: Results from a prospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhao Xuelian , Hu Shangying , Chen Shimin , Zhao Shuang , Dong Li , Carvalho André L. , Muwonge Richard , Zhao Fanghui , Basu Partha
Published: April 2022

Triaging of women positive for high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) on self‐collected samples requires a molecular reflex test to avoid recall for cytology or visual tests. We assessed triage performance and predictive value of human gene methylation panel (ZNF671/ASTN1/ITGA4/RXFP3/SOX17/DLX1) alone and with combination of HPV16/18 genotyping in a longitudinal screening study. Out of 9526 women at baseline, 1758 women positive for hrHPV on self‐collected samples followed up yearly were included in the current analysis. Satisfactory risk stratification to detect cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) was demonstrated by the methylation panel with an odds ratio (OR) of 11.3 among methylation‐positive women compared to methylation‐negative counterparts. Triaging with methylation panel reduced colposcopy referral rate by 67.2% with sensitivity and specificity of 83.0% and 69.9% to detect CIN2+. The corresponding values for the combining methylation and HPV 16/18 were 96.6% and 58.3%. The cumulative 3‐year incident CIN2+ risk was 6.8% (95% CI: 4.9%‐8.6%) for hrHPV positive women, which was reduced to 4.5% (95% CI: 2.7%‐6.3%) and 2.9% (95% CI: 1.2%‐4.5%) for women negative on methylation triaging alone and negative on the combined strategy. The corresponding risk for women positive for both methylation and HPV 16/18 reached 33.7% (95% CI: 19.0%‐45.8%). Our study demonstrated the satisfactory triage performance and predictive value of the methylation panel, especially in combination with HPV 16/18 genotyping. The substantially lower risk of CIN2+ among the triage negative women over the next 3 years suggests that the interval for repeat HPV test can be safely extended to at least 2 years.
Reduced phosphorus fertilization on golf courses: A comparison of three fertilizer recommendations for putting greens
Authors: Hesselsøe Karin Juul , Borchert Anne Friederike , Øgaard Anne Falk , Krogstad Tore , Chen Yajun , Prämaßing Wolfgang , Aamlid Trygve S.
Published: April 2022

Sustainable phosphorus use is essential in golf course management to prevent eutrophication and overconsumption. The study aimed to investigate if phosphorus fertilization can be reduced without negative effects on turf quality. We compared two P fertilization recommendations based on soil analyses, one based on the annual nitrogen rate, and a zero‐P control. The recommendations were the “minimum level of sustainable nutrition” (MLSN), which aims to keep treatment soil levels above 18 mg P kg–1 dry soil (Mehlich‐3); the “sufficiency level of available nutrition” (SLAN), in which the threshold for excluding P fertilization is >54 mg P kg–1 dry soil (Mehlich‐3); and “Scandinavian precision fertilization” (SPF), which recommends applying P at 12% of the annual N rate. The treatments were compared via monthly assessments of turf quality and the coverage of sown species and annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) from 2017 to 2020 on five golf courses from Germany, Sweden, China, Norway, and the Netherlands. MLSN and SPF significantly reduced soil P at all sites compared with SLAN recommendations. Turf quality showed no significant differences. The results from the mixed creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.)–annual bluegrass green showed a 2 to 4% increase in annual bluegrass coverage with P fertilization over the zero‐P treatments. The MLSN guideline is recommended for sustainable P fertilization on established greens with low P sorption capacity under diverse climatic and management conditions. The SPF may result in application of excess P to soils with high Mehlich‐3 values, as soil analyses are not considered.
TUPÃ: Electric field analyses for molecular simulations
Authors: Polêto Marcelo D. , Lemkul Justin A.
Published: April 2022

We introduce TUPÃ, a Python‐based algorithm to calculate and analyze electric fields in molecular simulations. To demonstrate the features in TUPÃ, we present three test cases in which the orientation and magnitude of the electric field exerted by biomolecules help explain biological phenomena or observed kinetics. As part of TUPÃ, we also provide a PyMOL plugin to help researchers visualize how electric fields are organized within the simulation system. The code is freely available and can be obtained athttps://mdpoleto.github.io/tupa/.
Effects of Fe doping on the electrochemical performance of LiV1−xFexPO4F/C (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04) cathode materials for lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Xinyi , Di Yuli , Jiang Fayou , Jiang Ao , Deng Lin , Li Taishan , Dong Qi , Chen Shanhua
Published: April 2022

The Fe‐doped LiVPO4F/C cathode material was synthesized by a one‐step solid‐state reaction method. The effects of Fe doping content on the structure and electrochemical performance of LiVPO4F/C were investigated. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analyses demonstrated that the appropriate addition of Fe3+ did not destroy the lattice structure of LiVPO4F/C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the surface of LiVPO4F/C is covered by a carbon film. The decreased grain size of the Fe‐doped LiVPO4F/C could shorten the ion transport path and thus improve the migration rate of lithium ions. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that the Fe ion exists in the Fe‐doped LiVPO4F/C as Fe3+ ion. At the discharge rate of 1 C, the initial discharge capacity and capacity retention rate of the LiV0.98Fe0.02PO4F/C after 500 cycles were 123.5 mAh/g and 88.6%, respectively.
Piperlongumine increases the sensitivity of bladder cancer to cisplatin by mitochondrial ROS
Authors: Pan Xiaobo , Chen Guangyao , Hu Wenhao
Published: April 2022

Background

The development of cisplatin resistance often results in cisplatin inefficacy in advanced or recurrent bladder cancer. However, effective treatment strategies for cisplatin resistance have not been well established.

Methods

Gene expression was measured by qRT‐PCR and Western blotting. CCK‐8 assay was performed to detect cell survival. The number of apoptotic cells was determined using the Annexin V‐PI double‐staining assay. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured using 2’,7'‐dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate fluorescent dye, and the ATP level was detected using an ATP measurement kit.

Results

The expression of receptor‐interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), a key regulator of necroptosis, gradually decreased during cisplatin resistance. We first used piperlongumine (PL) in combination with cisplatin to act on cisplatin‐resistant BC cells and found that PL‐induced activation of RIPK1 increased the sensitivity of T24 resistant cells to cisplatin treatment. Furthermore, we revealed that PL killed T24 cisplatin‐resistant cells by triggering necroptosis, because cell death could be rescued by the mixed lineage kinase domain‐like (MLKL) protein inhibitor necrotic sulfonamide or MLKL siRNA, but could not be suppressed by the apoptosis inhibitor z‐VAD. We further explored the specific mechanism and found that PL activated RIPK1 to induce necroptosis in cisplatin‐resistant cells by stimulating mitochondrial fission to produce excessive ROS.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrated the role of RIPK1 in cisplatin‐resistant cells and the sensitization effect of the natural drug PL on bladder cancer. These may provide a new treatment strategy for overcoming cisplatin resistance in bladder cancer.
Racial disparity in ART adherence is closed in states with high social trust: Results from the Medical Monitoring Project (MMP), 2015
Authors: Ransome Yusuf , Kershaw Trace , Kawachi Ichiro , Nash Denis , Mayer Kenneth H.
Published: April 2022

Racial/ethnic disparities persist in antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and viral suppression. We examined associations between state‐level social trust and individual‐level ART adherence and viral suppression and assessed whether these relationships varied by race/ethnicity. The Medical Monitoring Project (MMP) annually reports nationally representative estimates of the behavioral and clinical characteristics of HIV‐positive adults in primary care. A total of 3298 adults diagnosed with HIV between 2015 and 2016 from 16 US states were included. We used weighted logistic regression to model the association between state‐level social trust, race/ethnicity (Non‐Hispanic Black, White, and Hispanic/Latino), and cross‐product interactions with ART adherence (a binary measure derived from three self‐reported questions), and viral suppression (a binary measure corresponding to plasma HIV RNA < 200 copies/ml). Social trust was the percentage of people in each state who agreed that most people in their neighborhood could be trusted. A high level of social trust was associated with a higher likelihood of ART adherence (PR [prevalence ratio] = 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–1.30). In covariate‐adjusted analyses, the association between state‐level social trust and individual‐level ART adherence significantly varied by race/ethnicity (Wald χ2 F = 9.8 [df = 4], p = 0.044). Social trust was positively associated with ART, but the effect was smaller for Blacks than for Whites (PR = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.57–0.82) in states with the lowest social trust. Black–White differences were closed and no longer significant above mean social trust (PP [predicted probability] = 0.50 vs. 0.53, at two standard deviations). Racial/ethnic disparities in ART adherence were closed among individuals living in states with high social trust. Understanding the mechanisms that promote social trust among neighbors may have downstream impacts on reducing disparities in ART adherence among people with HIV (PWH).
Rates and correlates of well‐being among youth experiencing homelessness
Authors: Straka Kelci , Blacketer Alexis R. , Martinez Ramona L. , Glover Angela , Winiarski Dominika A. , Karnik Niranjan S. , Schueller Stephen M. , Zalta Alyson K.
Published: April 2022

Mental health concerns have been well studied among youth experiencing homelessness, yet few studies have explored factors that contribute to well‐being in this population. The current cross‐sectional study examined rates and correlates of well‐being among youth experiencing homelessness. This is a descriptive, secondary analysis of the baseline data from a clinical intervention study. Ninety‐nine youth (aged 16−25) who were experiencing homelessness were recruited in Chicago. Approximately 40% of the sample reported average or above average well‐being relative to existing benchmarks. Having medical insurance, a mobile phone, and a history of more severe childhood trauma were unique cross‐sectional predictors of worse well‐being (all ps < 0.034). A significant portion of our sample experienced well‐being. Having access to certain resources may be counterintuitive indicators of poorer well‐being among youth experiencing homelessness, perhaps because they are indicators of greater need or increased social comparison among these youth.
A novel role for ATP2B in ascidians: Ascidian‐specific mutations in ATP2B contribute to sperm chemotaxis
Authors: Ikenaga Jumpei , Aratake Satoe , Yoshida Kaoru , Yoshida Manabu
Published: April 2022

Sperm chemotaxis, in which sperms are attracted to conspecific eggs via species‐specific attractants, plays an important role in fertilization. This phenomenon has been observed in various animals and species‐specific sperm attractants have been reported in some species. However, the mechanisms involved in the reception and recognition of the species‐specific attractant by the sperms is poorly studied. Previously, we found that the plasma membrane‐type Ca2+/ATPase (PMCA) is the receptor for the sperm‐activating and ‐attracting factor (SAAF) in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis. To determine the role of PMCA in species‐specific sperm chemotaxis, we identified the amino acid sequences of PMCAs derived from six Phlebobranchia species. The testis‐specific splice variant of PMCA was found to be present in all the species investigated and the ascidian‐specific sequence was detected near the 3′‐terminus. Moreover, dN/dS analysis revealed that the extracellular loops 1, 2, and 4 in ascidian PMCA underwent a positive selection. These findings suggest that PMCA recognizes the species‐specific structure of SAAF at the extracellular loops 1, 2, and 4, and its testis‐specific C‐terminal region is involved in the activation and chemotaxis of ascidian sperms.
Giant cutaneous metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Morishita Asahiro , Tani Joji , Oura Kyoko , Tadokoro Tomoko , Fujita Koji , Masaki Tsutomu
Published: April 2022

Cutaneous metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are rare and mostly occur on the face, scalp, chest, and shoulders, often with rapid growth. We report the case of an 86‐year‐old man who presented to our hospital with a mass, 5 cm in diameter, on the left side of his nose. His past history included a partial hepatectomy for HCC, 3 years previously, and a subsequent diagnosis of lung metastases. Skin and gingival biopsies confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic HCC and he was treated with immunotherapy followed by transarterial embolization (TAE). The latter resulted in a significant reduction in the cutaneous tumour mass.
Development of an automated production process of [64Cu][Cu (ATSM)] for positron emission tomography imaging and theranostic applications
Authors: Liu Tengzhi , Redalen Kathrine Røe , Karlsen Morten
Published: April 2022

Cyclotron‐produced copper‐64 radioisotope tracers offer the possibility to perform both diagnostic investigation by positron emission tomography (PET) and radiotherapy by a theranostic approach with bifunctional chelators. The versatile chemical properties of copper add to the importance of this isotope in medicinal investigation. [64Cu][Cu (ATSM)] has shown to be a viable candidate for imaging of tumor hypoxia; a critical tumor microenvironment characteristic that typically signifies tumor progression and resistance to chemo‐radiotherapy. Various production and radiosynthesis methods of [64Cu][Cu (ATSM)] exist in labs, but usually involved non‐standardized equipment with varying production qualities and may not be easily implemented in wider hospital settings. [64Cu][Cu (ATSM)] was synthesized on a modified GE TRACERlab FXN automated synthesis module. End‐of‐synthesis (EOS) molar activity of [64Cu][Cu (ATSM)] was 2.2–5.5 Ci/μmol (HPLC), 2.2–2.6 Ci/μmol (ATSM‐titration), and 3.0–4.4 Ci/μmol (ICP‐MS). Radiochemical purity was determined to be >99% based on radio‐HPLC. The final product maintained radiochemical purity after 20 h. We demonstrated a simple and feasible process development and quality control protocols for automated cyclotron production and synthesis of [64Cu][Cu (ATSM)] based on commercially distributed standardized synthesis modules suitable for PET imaging and theranostic studies.
Weakened influence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation on the zonal shift of the South Asian High after the early 1980s
Authors: Cen Sixian , Chen Wen , Chen Shangfeng , Wang Lin , Liu Yuyun , Huangfu Jingliang
Published: April 2022

Previous studies indicated that El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) significantly impacts the zonal shift of the South Asian High (SAH) in boreal summer. This analysis reveals that the influence of ENSO on the zonal shift of the SAH has experienced a significant interdecadal weakening around the early 1980s. Specifically, ENSO has a significant relation with the SAH's zonal shift before the early 1980s. However, after the early 1980s, the impact of the ENSO on the SAH is weak. We further examined the physical processes for the interdecadal change of the ENSO–SAH relation. It is indicated that interdecadal change of relationship between ENSO and SAH zonal shift is attributable to change in the connection between ENSO and Indian summer monsoon (ISM). Before the early 1980s, ENSO could exert significant impacts on the ISM and lead to significant condensational latent heating anomalies around the northern Indian Peninsula. The atmospheric heating anomalies around the northern Indian Peninsula trigger an atmospheric wave train extending eastward from North Africa toward the Iranian Plateau (IP), which further leads to changes in the zonal location of the SAH. Hence, the ENSO exerts significant impacts on the summer SAH zonal shift. By contrast, after the early 1980s, ENSO had a weak impact on the ISM and could not lead to apparent atmospheric heating anomalies over IP. As such, ENSO has a weak effect on the SAH zonal shift. Further analysis indicates that interannual variation of the SAH zonal shift is related to an atmospheric wave train over mid–high latitudes of Eurasia after the early 1980s.
Valorization of mushroom by‐products: a review
Authors: Guo Jia , Zhang Min , Fang Zhongxiang
Published: April 2022

With the rapid growth of the global economy and the global population, the production of solid waste has increased remarkably. Mushrooms are gaining popularity among researchers for their ability to turn waste into nutrients. However, a large number of by‐products are produced during the industrial processing of mushrooms. Traditional waste management, focusing on the utilization and disposal of mushroom by‐products, has attracted the attention of researchers. Meanwhile, the circular economy has become a multidisciplinary research field, and the valorization of mushroom by‐products is a very important part of circular economy research. Various mushroom by‐products of mushroom are reviewed in this paper. By‐products are used in food as raw materials or functional components, in livestock and poultry feed after grinding/fermentation, and as electrochemical materials and papermaking materials. The by‐products can also be used to produce ethanol and other biological sources of energy, as absorbing substances in sewage treatment, and as fertilizer in soil amendment. Mushroom processing by‐products can be applied in various fields. To improve production efficiency, new extraction technology (including supercritical fluid technology and microwave extraction technology) can be adopted to increase the bioactive substance content in the by‐products. Choosing appropriate processing temperature, time, and other processing conditions can also enhance product quality. Finally, more research is needed on the cost‐effective utilization of the by‐products and the feasibility of industrialization. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
The effects of polyphenols on fresh quality and the mechanism of partial freezing of tilapia fillets
Authors: Shao Fanghui , Ma Xiaoye , Wei Peiyu , Cao Jun , He Yanfu , Feng Aiguo , Dong Xiuping , Zhou Dayong , Li Chuan
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Fish is one of the most popular foods for consumers because of its abundant nutrition, tenderness and delicious taste. With increasing demand for tilapia fillets, practical preservation is widely used to maintain quality and safety during long‐distance transportation and storage. Thus the effects of polyphenols (2 g L−1) on color, flavor quality and mechanism of tilapia fillets were studied during 49 days of partial freezing (−4 °C).

RESULTS

Treatment with carnosic acid (CA), procyanidin (PA), quercetin (QE) and resveratrol (RSV) inhibited water migration, myoglobin oxidation and psychrophilic bacteria stability during partial freezing storage. Aeromonas and Acinetobacter were the dominant bacteria of tilapia fillets during −4 °C storage. The relative abundance of aromatic substances (T70/2) in the polyphenol groups (>20%) was richer than in the control (CON) group (17%). Partial least squares discriminant analysis results showed that the different odors of the control and polyphenol groups were completely separated. Moreover, 35 fatty acids were identified by gas chromatographic analysis. On 49 days, the ratios of unsaturated fatty acids in the PA group (58.64%), QE group (57.70%) and RSV group (57.25%) were higher than in the control group (57.19%), and the PA group was the highest.

CONCLUSION

Polyphenol treatment effectively maintained freshness and improved the quality of tilapia fillets during partial freezing. The polyphenol treatment comprehensively sustained the color and flavor quality of tilapia fillets found in the proposed mechanism. In particular, PA treatment was considered a potential method for preserving the freshness of fillets. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on care delivery and quality of life in lung cancer surgery
Authors: Teteh Dede K. , Barajas Jovani , Ferrell Betty , Zhou Ziaoke , Erhunmwunsee Loretta , Raz Dan J. , Kim Jae Y. , Sun Virginia
Published: April 2022

Background

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) (COVID‐19) pandemic and associated restrictions have altered the delivery of surgical care. The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of COVID‐19 on care delivery and quality of life (QOL) from the perspectives of lung cancer surgery patients, family caregivers (FCGs), and thoracic surgery teams.

Methods

Patients/FCGs enrolled in a randomized trial of a self‐management intervention for lung cancer surgery preparation/recovery were invited to participate in this qualitative study. Patients/FCGs data were collected separately 1‐month postdischarge. Interviews were also conducted with thoracic surgery team members. Content analysis approaches were used to develop themes.

Results

Forty‐one respondents including 19 patients, 18 FCGs, three thoracic surgeons, and one nurse practitioner participated in the study. Patient themes included isolation, psychological distress, delayed/impacted care, and financial impact. FCGs themes included caregiving challenges, worry about COVID‐19, financial hardship, isolation, and physical activity limitations. Surgical team themes included witnessing patient/FCG's distress, challenges with telehealth, communication/educational challenges, and delays in treatment.

Conclusions

COVID‐19 had a varied impact on care delivery and QOL for lung cancer surgery dyads. Some dyads reported minimal impact, while others experienced added psychological distress, isolation, and caregiving challenges. Surgical teams also experienced challenges in the approach used to provide care.