bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The potential of Nephrolepis biserrata fern as ground cover vegetation in oil palm plantation
Authors: Satriawan Halus , FUADY ZAHRUL , ERNAWITA ERNAWITA
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Satriawan H, Fuady Z, Ernawita. 2021. The potential of Nephrolepis biserrata fern as ground cover vegetation in oil palm plantation. Biodiversitas 22: 4808-4817. Nuisance plants or weeds are commonly found in agricultural landscapes including in oil palm plantations. Despite being considered as weeds, several of them have the potential to be used as ground cover vegetation including Nephrolepis biserrata (Sw). Schott. This fern species exhibits beneficial characteristic as ground cover plant especially in terms of the contribution of organic matter and soil moisture through the prevention of evapotranspiration. The objective of this research is to explore the potential of N.biserrata as ground cover vegetation in oil palm plantations based on the assessment of its ecological characteristics regarding the growth and decomposition rate, tolerance to shade, organic contents and carbon accumulation. The split plot experimental design was used with the age of oil palm plants was used as main plot while in the sub-plots the spacing of N. biserrata was used at three varying distances 10x10cm, 20x20 cm, and 30x30 cm, each treatment had three replicates. Nine parameters observed were the percentage of growth, the percentage of ground cover, plant height, fronds number per plant, leaves number per plant, Leaf Area Index, dry weight (g), nutrient content in plant tissue, and potential carbon stock. Results showed that N. biserrata showed rapid growth in covering the ground surface (8-12 weeks after planting), had rapid decomposition rate (30-60 days), tolerant to shading which was characterized by the highest percentage of growth up to 81.16% and covering area up to 95.9%, accumulated organic contents of N (1.23-1.53%), P (0.18-0.22%), and K (1.4-1.67%), respectively. In addition, total dry weight biomass obtained was 27.1 ton/ha, accumulated carbon in plant of 0.9 tons C/ha/year, and amount of soil carbon stock 76.4-97.4 tonnes/ha/year. The results of this study suggest that Nephrolepis biserrata is a potential plant to be utilized as a ground cover plant in oil palm plantations.
Plant diversity in logged over forest in Mahakam Ulu, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Setiawan Adhy widya , TJIU ALBERTUS , MEIDIDIT ARI , ISWINANTO ISWINANTO , GINANJAR AMMAR , ATUT YOHANES , AGUSTI RANDI
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Setiawan AW, Tjiu A, Meididit A, Iswinanto, Ginanjar A, Atut Y, Agusti R. 2021. Plant diversity in logged over forest in Mahakam Ulu, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4829-4838. A study of flora was conducted in the Ratah Timber concession area. Objectives of this study was to calculate the Importance Value Index (IVI) and identify species diversity in Mahakam Ulu, East Kalimantan. A survey was carried out in 128 plots within 13 transects placed purposively. Vegetation sampling was conducted using line transect and a quadrat method. As many as 530 species belonging to 79 families were found. Of these species, 420 species were found in observation plots with 374 of the species being tree. The most dominant tree species were Endertia spectabilis, Shorea pinanga and Shorea leprosula with IVI of 10.24%, 8.25%, and 6.96%, respectively. In total, 114 species or 21.5% are endemic species of Borneo. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index at tree level was 5.51 and at seedling level was 4.95. The highest Similarity Index was found between transects 23 and 21, meanwhile the lowest was between transects 05 and 15. This study found 61 species which are classified on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List (2020-1) as critically endangered (16), endangered (11), and vulnerable (34) species.
Diversity, structure and composition of pteridophyte in varying habitats in Karimun Besar Island, Riau Islands Province, Indonesia
Authors: Sofiyanti Nery , Iriani Dyah , Taufiq Ikhwan , Sari Maya , Irawan Andre , M. Syauqi Farid
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Sofiyanti N, Iriani D, Taufik I, Sari M, Irawan A, Syauqi FM. 2021. Diversity, structure and composition of pteridophyte in varying habitats in Karimun Besar Island, Riau Islands Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4847-4856. Biodiversity of small islands, particularly in tropical region, always encourages scientific curiosity. Such curiosity is much greater when the small island of interest has been through various land use changes, such as in Karimun Besar Island. This island is one of thousand islands in Riau Islands Province, Indonesia and poses different land uses. However, studies on the biodiversity of flora in this island have not been recorded, including for pteridophyte or fern members. This study aimed to examine the diversity, floristic structure and composition of pteridophyte at six different study sites in Karimun Besar Island representing varying habitat conditions (i.e., primary forest, secondary forest, rubber plantation, road side, coastal area and mined land. The sampling was collected by using transect method to measure density, dominance and frequency. A total of 32 species of pteridophytes were recorded from the six study sites that belong to two divisions, Polypodiophyta (31 species) and Lycophyta (1 species). The number of species of pteridophyte varied across the six habitats. The highest number of species (21) was found in primary forest, while the lowest (9 species) was found in rubber plantation. The dominant species for each study site were Taenitis blechnoides (Pteridaceae) (rubber plantation), Dicranopteris linearis (Gleicheniaceae) (secondary forest), Sticherus truncates (Gleicheniaceae) (primary forest), Pteridium caudatum (Dennstaedtiaceae) (road side), Achrosticum aureum (Pteridaceae) (coastal area) and Nephrolepis hirsutula (Nephrolepidaceae) (mined land). The result of this study provides the first data of fern in Karimun Besar Island that support pivotal information on the biodiversity of small islands in tropical region.
Morphological and molecular identifications of three native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi isolated from the rhizosphere of Elaeis guineensis and Jatropha curcas in Indonesia
Authors: Viva Rini Maria , Yelli Fitri , Tambunan Darwin Leonardo , Damayanti Inggar
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Rini MV, Yelli F, Tambunan DL, Damayanti I. 2021. Morphological and molecular identifications of three native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi isolated from the rhizosphere of Elaeis guineensis and Jatropha curcas in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4940-4947. Molecular analysis has been widely used to provide more accurate identification within arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species than identification based on morphology. However, morphological analysis is essential for a basic preliminary of classification studies. Therefore, a study is needed to complete the identification of AMF isolates through morphological and molecular analyses. This research used three AMF isolates, namely MV 5, MV 17, and MV 18, which were isolated from Indonesian agricultural land. Spore-based taxonomy (shape, size, color, ornamentation, PVLG, and Melzer’s reaction) and fungal colonization on roots of maize trap plants were employed for the morphological studies. AMF species identification was performed using molecular analysis through nested-Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to amplify a fragment of SSU rRNA followed by sequencing and phylogenetic tree construction. Morphological analysis showed that MV 5 had spores borne from the neck of the sporiferous saccule, MV 17 was found to have a bulbous suspensor without a germination shield, and MV 18 had spores borne from subtending hyphae. The SSUR rRNA analysis revealed that MV 5, MV 15, and MV 18 were identified as Acaulospora longula, Gigaspora margarita, and Glomus etunicatum, respectively. Both morphological and molecular methods demonstrated reliable and consistent results that complement AMF taxonomy studies.
Microclimatic factors and soil characteristics of Arroceros Forest Park in the City of Manila, Philippines
Authors: Berame Julie , ELAZEGUI ERWIN P. , ARENAS MINERVA C. , OROZCO JASON A.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Berame JS, Elazegui EP, Arenas MC, Orozco JA. 2021. 2021. Microclimatic factors and soil characteristics of Arroceros Forest Park in the City of Manila, Philippines. Biodiversitas 22: 4956-4962. Microclimatic factors affect many ecosystem functions. However, the challenge of acquiring consistent data has impeded the quantitative assessment of the spatial heterogeneity of soil-climate in Arroceros Forest Park as an artificial urban forest park known as the last lung of the City of Manila. With this unassisted urban forest park, this study aims to determine the microclimatic factors such as light intensity, air temperature, air humidity, wind speed and direction, soil temperature, soil pH, percent organic matter, percent soil moisture and soil texture by using a sieve analysis and textural triangle method to know the status of the forest park. These procedures reveal the soil type available in the park to be clay and loam suitable for growing plants abundantly. Results showed that four microclimate factors viz. air temperature, air humidity, percent organic matter, and soil texture, were highly significant (p<0.000). Additionally, it further revealed that microclimatic factors such as light intensity, wind speed, and soil pH are essential in an ecosystem. It also found that soil size is a significant parameter for soil characterizations in this kind of study. Finally, the division of soil microsites into different positions based on prevailing light or shade conditions helped assess the significant variations of soil characteristics and conditions within the study area.
Short Communication: Isolation and screening of polyhydroxylalkanoates producing microorganisms from Thailand
Authors: Pungsungvorn Nuntaporn , Wisetsing Anussorn
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Pungsungvorn N, Wisetsing A. 2021. Short Communication: Isolation and screening of polyhydroxylalkanoates producing microorganisms from Thailand. Biodiversitas 22: 4963-4967. Polyhydroxylalkanotes (PHAs) are polyesters produced in nature by numerous microorganisms. They are biodegradable and are used in the production of bioplastics. In this study, one hundred twenty samples from different regions of Thailand were collected and screened for polyhydroxylalkanoates (PHAs) producing microorganisms. The samples were screened on YM agar containing 0.5 µg Nile-red/mL (YM-NR). Only one isolate of yeast (Y1) gave a positive result on PHA accumulation. The yeast isolate (Y1) was identified as Candida tropicalis by API 20C AUX kit and 18S rRNA nucleotide comparison. The yeast isolate Y1 produced 2.62% PHA   when grown in synthetic N-limiting medium using rice straw hydrolysate as carbon source. The selected four bacteria (B1, B2, B3 and B4) were identified by BlastN of 16S rRNA as Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter carcerogenus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia, respectively. The selected yeast and bacterial strains gave PHA content of 2.62, 2.76, 5.38, 3.66 and 0.44%, respectively, in synthetic N-limiting medium using rice straw hydrolysate. Hence, these microorganisms could be used in PHA production from biomass in the future.
Short Communication: A new primer set in CHD1 gene for bird sex identification
Authors: Vera Febriyanti , WAJJWALKU WORAWIDH , YUDA PRAMANA , DARYONO BUDI SETIADI
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Vera F, Wajjwalku W, Yuda P, Daryono BS. 2021. Short Communication: A new primer set in CHD1 gene for bird sex identification. Biodiversitas 22: 4977-4982. Determine sex is difficult for many bird species that are sexually monomorphic or only dimorphic in the adult stage. Many molecular markers have been developed for DNA sexing, which were mostly based on identifying Z and W chromosomes of avians. The sex determination of birds was mostly applied universal primer set such as P2/P8 or 2550F/2718R. However, those universal primers that were designed sometimes could not good result consistency in non-ratite birds or ratite birds. Therefore, we improved a specific primer design with deletion site in W chromosome to amplify the female-specific segments on Chromodomain-helicase DNA binding protein-1 (CHD1) gene from alignment sequences CHD1-Z and CHD1-W of Macrocephalon maleo S. Müller, 1846. This study aims to design a new pair of primer targeting a section of the CHD1 gene that can be amplified in non-ratite birds, the name of a new primer is In-Sex F/In-Sex R. A new primer set amplified DNA fragments in around 650 or 550 base pairs of CHD1-Z and also, 350 base pairs of CHD1-W. The result has successfully amplified the sex of multiple species on orders Galliformes, Passeriformes, Accipitriformes, and Strigiformes. This analysis can be helpful to the effort of in-situ or ex-situ management and conservation programs e.g the mating system in birds. And also, the analysis can be helpful for sexing data in the case of captive birds before releasing in natural habitat or reintroduction programs.
Physicochemical characteristics of promising soybean lines adapted to acid soil and the tofu produced
Authors: Ginting Erliana , UTOMO JOKO SUSILO , KUSWANTORO HERU , HAN WONG-YOUNG
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Ginting E, Utomo JS, Kuswantoro H, Han W-Y. Physicochemical characteristics of promising soybean lines adapted to acid soil and the tofu produced. Biodiversitas 22: 5012-5022. Breeding of soybean varieties adapted to different agro-ecological conditions in Indonesia is essential in terms of increasing domestic production through extensification. About 20 promising soybean lines adapted/tolerant to acid soil have been available, thus it is necessary to study their physical and chemical characteristics as well as the suitability as ingredients for tofu products. Four improved varieties (Grobogan, Tanggamus, Anjasmoro, and Wilis) were used as the checks. The results showed that one line belonged to large-seeded, namely Tgm/Anj-995 (15.13 g/100 seeds), slightly smaller than Grobogan (16.26 g/100 seeds). Eighteen lines were medium (similar to Anjasmoro and Tanggamus varieties), while one line was small-seeded (similar to Wilis variety). Five lines contained higher protein (40.35–41.80% dw) relative to four check varieties (36.03–38.18% dw). Tofu prepared from Tgm/Anj-908 and Tgm/Anj-991 lines had the highest scores for color, aroma, and taste acceptances; however, the texture was slightly firm, followed by the Tgm/Anj-932, Tgm/Anj-995, Tgm/Anj-862, and Tgm/Anj-888 lines, which had a softer texture. Their scores were slightly higher than those of Anjasmoro. This suggests that selected soybean promising lines tolerant to acid soil have better physical and nutritional performances relative to their check varieties, with six lines suitable for tofu ingredients.
Butterfly communities (Insecta: Lepidoptera) at two recreational areas in Sungai Petani, Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: BASRI NUR IZZAH ATHIRAH , Zakaria Nurulhuda
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Basri NIA, Zakaria N. 2021. Butterfly communities (Insecta: Lepidoptera) at two recreational areas in Sungai Petani, Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia. Biodiversitas 22: 5039-5047. The knowledge on the butterfly diversity, especially in various habitats in Kedah is still poor. A study was conducted to determine and compare the diversity of butterflies at two recreational areas in Sungai Petani, Kedah, namely Bukit H and Taman Jubli Perak. This study was carried out starting from January 2021 until March 2021 with a total of nine sampling occasions at each site. Visual Encounter Survey (VES) was chosen as a sampling method. The butterflies were captured using a sweep net from 9am to 11am and 12pm to 2pm for each sampling site. A total of 145 individuals from 13 species from four families of butterflies were recorded. The most abundant species were recorded from the family Nymphalidae. Chilades pandava was the most abundant species obtained from the two recreational areas. From the t-test analysis, there was no significant difference between the diversity of Bukit H and Taman Jubli Perak. Shannon and Simpson's diversity indices showed both sites were interpreted as moderately low in diversity. This may be due to the different types of vegetation that exist at both sampling sites. This study will contribute to the first record of butterflies in Sungai Petani, Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia.
Influence of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 13 on upper respiratory tract microbial biodiversity in infants
Authors: Kozhakhmetov Samat , Aitenov Yermek , Ramazanova Bakhyt , Koloskova Yekaterina , Burkutbayeva Tatyana , Yeraliyeva Lyazzat , Mustafina Kamilya , Beglarova Gulshakhar , Yergazina Maral , Kushugulova Аlmagul
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Kozhakhmetov S, Aitenov Y, Ramazanova B, Koloskova Y, Burkutbayeva T, Yeraliyeva L, Mustafina K, Beglarova G, Yergazina M, Kushugulova A. 2021. Influence of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 13 on upper respiratory tract microbial biodiversity in infants. Biodiversitas 22: 5055-5060. Pneumococcal disease and its associated mortality are burdens on the healthcare system. The intensive introduction of pneumococcal vaccines has provided robust control and infection management worldwide. The Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) has been successfully employed in the national programs of many countries. However, no studies have yet analyzed the effect of pneumococcal vaccines on Central Asian populations. We investigated the effect of the pneumococcal vaccine on the nasopharyngeal microbiome of infants under the age of two years. Samples were collected from healthy patients as part of routine hospital check-ups, then subjected to high-throughput sequencing of the V1–V3 region of 16S rRNA for bioinformatics analysis. The obtained data were combined with the results of a previously published study (with matching criteria) to increase statistical power. No significant differences were found in vaccination status, sex or age. Nevertheless, the results demonstrated structural changes in the microbiome of the upper respiratory tract under the influence of the PCV13 vaccine. The results of beta-diversity unweighted UniFrac distance measuring showed that the experimental groups differed in their qualitative (taxonomic) structure (p < 0.1). In the vaccinated group, the abundance of several symbiotic taxa was significantly decreased, including Streptococcus pneumonia.
Diversity and abundance of arbuscular fungi mycorrhizal (AMF) in rhizosphere Zea mays in tidal swamp
Authors: Sefrila Marlin , GHULAMAHDI MUNIF , PURWONO PURWONO , MELATI MAYA , MANSUR IRDIKA
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Sefrila M, Ghulamahdi M, Purwono Melati M, Mansur I. 2021. Diversity and abundance of arbuscular fungi mycorrhizal (AMF) in rhizosphere Zea mays in tidal swamp. Biodiversitas 22: 5071-5076. This study aims to find out the diversity and dominance of AMF spores and look at the morphology of fungi mycorrhizal arbuscular fungi that exist in the rooting area of corn (Zea mays L.) crops in the tidal swamp. The study was conducted in September 2020. Soil sampling at the tidal swamp village of Mulyasari Tanjung Lago District, Banyuasin, South Sumatra, Indonesia randomly sampling the corn root zone method. The research stages are soil sampling, soil chemistry analysis, AMF isolation and trapping, and morphological identification of AMF spores. The results showed the number of spores found in soil samples in the corn crop rhizosphere before trapping was less when compared to after trapping. The spores' shape is round, oblong, and oval, with colors ranging from clear, yellow, to brown. AMF spores found come from 2 genera namely (Acaulospora scrobiculata, A. bireticulata, A. mellea, A. laevis) and Glomus (Glomus monosporum, G. constrictum, G. manihotis).
Pikas and People: Human-Pika (Ochotona) interaction in the Himalaya of Nepal
Authors: Koju Narayan , Kumar Chalise Mukesh , C Kyes Randall
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Koju NP, Chalise MK, Kyes RC. 2021. Pikas and People: Human-Pika (Ochotona) interaction in the Himalaya of Nepal. Biodiversitas 22: 5085-5091. This study examined human-pika (Ochotona) interaction in two protected areas of Nepal: Lamtang National Park (LNP) and Api Nampa Conservation Area (ACNA). We conducted the study between 2012 and 2017 and employed a combination of three qualitative sampling methods: observation of behavior (both humans and pikas), practices, and rituals of the local residents, pilgrims, tourists, and Yarsagumba (Ophiocordyceps sinesis) collectors; collection of folk stories; and focus group discussions with local residents to investigate the nature of human-pika interaction. Based on the collective data, three general themes relating to human-pika interaction emerged: 1) the perception of pikas as a respected entity; 2) effects of anthropogenic pollution on pikas, and 3) pikas as a traditional medicine. In LNP, the pika was respected as symbol of the Buddhist monk ‘Lama’. In contrast, at ANCA, the dried meat of pika was used by local people for traditional medicine. At both locations, there is an increasing human presence resulting in increased anthropogenic pollution. This, in turn, may present a potential risk to the pikas over the long term. Further investigation is needed to address the effects of anthropogenic activities on the pika and to ensure the health and viability of the pika population.
Disturbances-based plan of delineating protected area’s buffer zone: A case study in Masigit Kareumbi Mountain, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Sumarga Elham , Suwandhi Ichsan , HAIRATUNNISA Hairatunnisa , Susilowardani Dwi , Nurrahman Adenna Yuska , Sadida Ashma
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Sumarga E, Swandhi I, Hairatunnisa, Susilowardani D, Nurrahman AY, Sadida A. 2021. Disturbances-based plan of delineating protected area’s buffer zone: A case study in Masigit Kareumbi Mountain, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5115-5122. The harmony between ecosystems and people, particularly those who live around and inside protected areas, is a key factor for the success of ecosystem protection. This subsequently will ensure the maintenance of ecosystem capacity in providing different types of services. Unfortunately, human activities are still commonly linked to different types of disturbances inside protected areas. This study aims to spatially analyze the anthropogenic disturbances inside a protected area, with a case study in Mount Masigit Kareumbi Protected Area, Indonesia. Two types of disturbances, which can be directly and indirectly related to human intervention, are analyzed, i.e., fires and encroachment for agricultural purposes. This study used Maximum Enthropy (MaxEnt) to analyze the risk of forest fire, while the encroachment was analyzed based on a combination of satellite image interpretation and direct field observation. Fire risk modeling performed well with a mean AUC of 0.98, estimating high fire risk (fire probability more than 0.5) distributed in about 109 ha area inside the Mount Masigit Kareumbi Protected Area. This study also identified about 428 ha of forest encroachment inside the protected area. This study further used the spatial information of the disturbances to determine the priority for selecting and designing areas for buffer zone development.
Molecular identification and morphological description of Theloderma albopunctatum tadpoles from the Phu Khiao-Nam Nao Forest Complex, northeastern Thailand
Authors: Chunskul Jidapa , Thongproh Prapaiporn , Simmasian Wanchai , Arkajag Jirachai , Thongpun Sataphon , Kanishthajata Permsak , Prompalad Suthin , Duangjai Sutee , Duengkae Prateep , Phochayavanich Ratchata , Chuaynkern Chantip , Chuaynkern Yodchaiy
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Chunskul J, Thongproh P, Simmasian W, Arkajag J, Tongpun S, Kanishthajata P, Prompalad S, Duangjai S, Duengkae P, Phochayavanich R, Chuaynkern C, Chuaynkern Y. 2021. Molecular identification and morphological description of Theloderma albopunctatum tadpoles from the Phu Khiao-Nam Nao Forest Complex, northeastern Thailand. Biodiversitas 22: 5145-5161. Presently, tadpole description of an external morphology and internal oral features of Theloderma albopunctatum (Anura, Rhacophoridae) is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to describe tadpoles of T. albopunctatum from the Phu Khiao-Nam Nao Forest Complex in northeastern Thailand based molecular and morphological characters. Tadpole identification was based on molecular analyses. The 16S and COI sequences of the T. albopunctutatum tadpole had a genetic distance of 0% and 0.15% with the adults from Phu Luang Wildlife Sanctuary and Nam Nao National Park, respectively. Bayesian inference analyses of 16S, 16S+COI, and BDNF + SIA + RHO + TYR strongly supported the identity of tadpole and adults T. albopunctatum tadpoles are of medium size, with a black to ashy gray body that turns dark brown in preservative, they also exhibit elliptical body depressions and follow the keratodont row formula 1:2+2/1+1:2 or 1:1+1/1+1:1. T. albopunctatum tadpoles are generally similar to T. asperum.
Accelerated growth of Kappaphycus alvarezii using Sargassum aquifolium extract and its anatomical characteristics
Authors: Cokrowati Nunik , RISJANI YENNY , FIRDAUS MUHAMAD , ANDAYANI SRI
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Cokrowati N, Risjani Y, Firdaus M, Andayani S. 2021. Accelerated growth of Kappaphycus alvarezii using Sargassum aquifolium extract and its anatomical characteristics. Biodiversitas 22: 5195-5202. Cultivation of Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed has been carried out in Ekas Bay of Jerowaru Sub-district, East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia but its production has decreased in the last three years due to its slow growth. In 2014, seaweed production was 1,882,875.50 tons and in 2017 it was 1,037,000 tons. Efforts are needed to increase growth by providing growth triggers from marine natural ingredients, namely Sargassum aquifolium. These brown algae can be found in the waters of Ekas Bay, the numbers are abundant and untapped. The purpose of this study was to analyze the growth of K. alvarezii given S. aquifolium extract. This research was conducted in the waters of Ekas Bay. The method used is experimental. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design with different treatments of K. alvarezii soaking time using S. aquifolium extract. The results showed that the growth of K. alvarezii given S. aquifolium extract increased and was significantly different between treatments. The highest absolute weight was 479 g in treatment A (soaking for 2 hours) and the lowest absolute weight was 181.25 g in treatment K (control). The highest growth rate occurred on the 18th day, namely 9.24% and the lowest was in the K treatment (control) which was 1.3%.
Honey sugars profile of stingless bee Tetragonula laeviceps (Hymenoptera: Meliponinae)
Authors: Agus Ali , Agussalim Agussalim , Sahlan Muhamad , Sabir Ardo
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Agus A, Agussalim, Sahlan M, Sabir A. 2021. Honey sugars profile of stingless bee Tetragonula laeviceps (Hymenoptera: Meliponinae). Biodiversitas 22: 5205-5210. Honey was a functional food to improve human health, but irresponsible people used this circumstance to make fake honey. This study aimed to evaluate the profile of the sugar of stingless bee honey [Tetragonula laeviceps (Smith, 1857)] from different geographical origins in Indonesia. Honey, three samples were directly collected from three other sources for meliponiculture of T. laeviceps in Indonesia: Sleman, Klaten, and Gunungkidul. The honey sugars profile was analyzed: glucose, fructose, sucrose, reducing sugar, the sum of fructose and glucose, glucose to moisture ratio, fructose to glucose ratio, and honey pH. Glucose and fructose were analyzed by HPLC, sucrose by Luff Schoorl, reducing the sugar by Layne-Enyon, and pH by a pH meter. The current findings revealed that the geographical origins had a highly significant effect on glucose, fructose, the sum of fructose and glucose, glucose to moisture ratio, fructose to glucose ratio, and honey pH (P<0.01) and significant effect on reducing sugar (P<0.05), but not on sucrose content. Thus, it can be concluded that the origins were affecting the honey sugars profile and honey from Sleman has the highest sugars content, followed by honey from Klaten and the lower was honey from Gunungkidul.
Genome analysis of Lysinibacillus sphaericus isolate 6.2 pathogenic to Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Viersanova Afiannisa , Purwanto Hari
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Viersanova A, Purwanto H. 2021. Genome analysis of Lysinibacillus sphaericus isolate 6.2 pathogenic to Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 (Diptera: Culicidae). Biodiversitas 22: 5211-5222. Lysinibacillus sphaericus is an entomopathogenic bacteria that is specific to vector mosquitoes, especially Culex spp., and Anopheles spp., so it has been widely used as a bioinsecticide. L. sphaericus has a wide variation of toxicity efficiencies, which have led to continuous exploration of new isolates with higher toxicity and a new toxin to deal with resistance problems. This study aimed to identify the genomic characteristics and toxin characteristics of isolate 6.2 based on whole genome analysis and analyze the identification of isolate 6.2. Isolate 6.2 was previously obtained from rhizosphere in Yogyakarta. To analyze the genome and toxins, the NGS technique was used and then the analysis was carried out using a couple of freely available bioinformatics tools. Molecular identification was carried out with the 16SrRNA gene and the relationship was analyzed by reconstructing the phylogenetic tree using Neighbours-Joining. The genomic analysis of isolate 6.2 showed good results with G+C content and genome size that matched the reference genome of L. sphaericus. The result of the 16SrRNA gene blasting showed that the closest related gene of isolate 6.2 is L. fusiformis (NR_042072.1). However, the reconstructed phylogenetic tree did not show the formation of clusters according to the species. Toxin analysis indicates that isolate 6.2 has Mtx, s-layer protein, hemolysin, and chitin-binding protein genes. All of which are known to be associated with the toxicity of L. sphaericus to binary toxin resistant population of Culex quinquefasciatus.
Community awareness and participation in biodiversity conservation at Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, Vietnam
Authors: TRUONG DINH DUC
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Truong DD. 2021. Community awareness and participation in biodiversity conservation at Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, Vietnam. Biodiversitas 23: 583-594. Local community's perception and attitude towards biodiversity conservation are essential to the sustainable management of national parks in Vietnam. The conservation of biodiversity in national parks is facing pressures from economic development activities, which has led to the degradation of the ecological values ??of the national parks. People's awareness and their participation in conservation management are crucial to the sustainable management of national parks. This study examined the awareness and participation of local people in biodiversity conservation at Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park (PN-KBNP), Vietnam. PN-KB is one of the national parks with the highest biodiversity values ??in Vietnam and is recognized by UNESCO as a world heritage site. To assess participation in conservation management, the study implemented a Contingent Valuation Method for estimating the willingness to pay of households in the buffer zone for biodiversity conservation in PN-KBNP. A survey was implemented to 358 households randomly selected in five communes adjacent to the park. Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with selected key informants were also practiced for the management of insight information. The result showed that local villagers generally hold a fairly high perception of biodiversity values and positive attitudes towards biodiversity conservation at PN-KBNP. This positive perception comes from the close interaction between household livelihoods and the national park on a daily basis. However, awareness of national park management rules are not high. In addition, local people are willing to sacrifice part of their income to conserve biodiversity for current and future generations. On an average, each household was willing to pay 297,000 VND/year for biodiversity conservation. Payment levels, age, length of residency and education were observed to significantly impact on villagers' participation in biodiversity conservation initiatives. The balance between development and conservation was found to be the key in Park management, where communities need to be given more power to plan, monitor and implement conservation activities while establishing clear forest land user right for households and communities.
Fiber-based sources of quantum light for quantum information processing
Authors: Li Xiaoying , Cui Liang , Guo Xueshi , Ou Z. Y. , Vasilyev Michael
Published: January 2022

Using the parametric process of four-wave mixing in silica core fibers, we demonstrate the generation of various kinds of quantum states, including the pure state single photons and spatially entangled photon pairs in telecom band.
Spatiotemporal Sculpturing of Ultrashort Pulses [Invited]
Authors: Zhan Qiwen
Published: January 2022

We present a pulse shaping technique that enables directly imprinting a spatial modulation to the spatiotemporal domain through taking advantage of the relationship between frequency and time of chirped pulses.
Fault Detection of Few Mode Fiber Based on Spatial Mode Transmission Reflection Analysis
Authors: Zhang Wenping , Liu Feng , He Zhenxing , Hu Guijun
Published: January 2022

This paper proposes a fast and simple monitoring technique based on spatial mode transmission-reflection analysis for long-reach FMF-based mode division multiplexing system. Results shows that the proposed method can achieve high fault localization accuracy.
The OpenQKD Testbed in Berlin
Authors: Braun Ralf-Peter , Geitz Marc
Published: January 2022

The Berlin OpenQKD Testbed demonstrates the integration of QKD technology into a field installed network infrastructure using a PQC secured key management system and hybrid key exchange protocols to secure communication applications.
Time-Window based Key Provisioning in Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution Secured Optical Access Networks
Authors: Liu Yuhang , Yu Xiaosong , Zhao Yongli , Li Yajie , Zhang Jie
Published: January 2022

This paper introduces a time-window based key provisioning scheme in measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution secured optical access networks. Simulation shows it achieves good performance in terms of key utilization rate.
Multi-Hop-based Routing and Time-Slot Assignment in Centralized Quantum Entanglement Distribution Networks
Authors: Wang Yazi , Yu Xiaosong , Zhao Yongli , Zhang Jie
Published: January 2022

A multi-hop-based routing and time-slot assignment algorithm is proposed in centralized quantum entanglement distribution networks. Simulation results show that it can achieve good performance.
Multimodal Tissue Imaging Supported by Optical Clearing
Authors: Tuchin Valery V.
Published: January 2022

The main mechanisms of optical clearing in living tissues are described. A significant improvement in optical imaging, the effectiveness of laser therapy, the introduction of medical multimodal and theranostic approaches are shown.
Deep Filtered Back Projection for Photoacoustic Image Reconstruction
Authors: Shen Kang , Tian Chao
Published: January 2022

We develop a filtered back projection based deep learning image reconstruction technique for photoacoustic tomography (PAT), called DeepFBP. This algorithm is implemented by mapping the conventional filtered back-projection (FBP) algorithm into a deep neural network. The performance of the DeepFBP technique was evaluated using numerical simulation.
Proposal of a Hybrid Optical Double Ring Resonator for Cancer Biosensing
Authors: Shawky Sherine , Abd El-Malek Ahmed H. , Allam Ahmed , Shalaby Hossam M. H.
Published: January 2022

A new design for a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) optical biosensor is proposed in the form of a hybrid double-ring resonator. The proposed device improves the sensitivity by 2.4 times compared with the traditional devices.
High-speed Secure Key Distribution with Polarization Modulation Boosted by Broadband Optical Chaos
Authors: Shao Weidong , Cheng Mengfan , Luo Hanwen , Deng Lei , Yang Qi , Liu Deming
Published: January 2022

We report a secure key distribution (SKD) scheme based on broadband opto-electronic Boolean chaos and polarization modulation for higher secure key generation rate (KGR). An error-free SKD with KGR of 3.6 Gb/s is experimentally demonstrated.
3 Gbit/s Wide Field-of-View Visible Light Communication System based on White Laser Diode
Authors: Hou Yuqi , Ma Chicheng , Li Dong , Hu Fangchen , Li Guoqiang , Shen Chao , Chi Nan
Published: January 2022

A high-speed laser-based white light visible light communication (VLC) system with wide field-of-view (FOV) of 34°has been demonstrated, enabling a data transmission rate exceeding 3 Gbit/s.
Hybrid FSO/MMW Communication System with Active Link Switching based on Weather Conditions
Authors: Zhao Lun , Zhang Shuai , Pan Xuanmin , Liu Yejun , Guo Lei
Published: January 2022

This paper proposes a hybrid FSO/MMW communication system that can switch freely according to monitored weather conditions. The proposed system can improve system performance in different weather conditions.
Service Chaining in Filterless Optical Metro-Aggregation Networks (Invited Paper)
Authors: Ayoub Omran , Ibrahimi Memedhe , Karandin Oleg , Askari Leila , Musumeci Francesco
Published: January 2022

We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the deployment of Filterless Optical Networks (FONs) in metro-aggregation networks. In particular, we focus on the use case of service chaining under a filterless metro-aggregation network.
Thermal Dynamic Performance and Integrated Optoelectronic System with InGaP / GaAs Quantum Well Light-Emitting Transistors (LETs)
Authors: Hsueh Lu-Ching , Lin Hsin-Yu , Kumar Mukul , Wu Chao-Hsin
Published: January 2022

The study investigates the DC characteristics and the optical output from room temperature to 358K. The current gain of the LET with triple QWs improves 146.62% which is desired for high resolution temperature sensor.
High-power, single-mode, multi-aperture VCSELs for long-reach optical interconnects
Authors: Tian Si-Cong , Mansoor Ahamed , Lindner Julian , Larisch Gunter , Bimberg Dieter
Published: January 2022

Adapting photon lifetimes of VCSELs allows to increase their power efficiency/bit and cut-off frequency. Single-mode multi-aperture VCSELs, will lead to additional enormous improvements of temperature stability, larger roll-over current and increased output power.
High-Speed and High-Resolution Raman Imaging of Biological Molecule Using Line Illumination
Authors: Fujita Katsumasa
Published: January 2022

We have developed a Raman imaging technique that can visualize biological events in living cells using vibrational fingerprints of molecules. Using the resonance Raman effect, we specifically observed the intracellular activities of heme proteins such as cytochrome c without labeling. The sensitivity of Raman scattering to the redox state of heme proteins provides additional insight into the role of proteins from a chemical perspective.
A Ditherless Bias Control Technique for IQ Mach-Zehnder Modulator Based on Partial Derivative and Neural Network
Authors: Wu Jinyang , Huang Jiaqi , Dai Xiaoxiao , Yang Qi , Cheng Mengfan , Deng Lei , Liu Deming
Published: January 2022

We proposed a ditherless automatic bias control algorithm based on partial derivative estimation and neural network. Simulation results show the precision for bias IQ and P can achieve 0.5% and 0.1% of 21Vπ respectively.
A Grey-box Model for Estimating Nonlinear SNR in Optical Networks Based on Physics-guided Neural Networks
Authors: Liu Xiaomin , Liu Lei , Lun Huazhi , Zhang Yihao , Yi Lilin , Hu Weisheng , Zhuge Qunbi
Published: January 2022

Based on physics-guided neural network, we design the features and loss function for estimating nonlinear SNR. With 1603 examples from simulations, a shallow neural network can have a higher accuracy and a better physical consistency.
Wideband-tunable integrated microwave photonic filter based on an ultra-high-Q resonator
Authors: Yan Hao , Xie Yiwei , Zhang Long , Xiang Yuluan , Dai Daoxin
Published: January 2022

A silicon integrated microwave photonic filter (IMPF) is demonstrated by utilizing a high-Q Euler-curve resonator with a large free-spectra range. The IMPF has a passband of 320 MHz and a tunable range of 8-27 GHz.
High Sensitivity Refractive Index Sensor Based on the Cascaded Long-Period Fiber Grating near the Dispersion Turning Point
Authors: Lu Kangkang , Jiang Chen , Liao Dandan , Liu Yunqi
Published: January 2022

We demonstrate the fabrication of refractive index sensor based on the cascaded long- period fiber grating near dispersion turning point. The measured refractive index sensitivity is up to 2095.9 nm/RIU in the RI range of 1.333-1.395.
Low-noise amplification and equalization of dissipative Kerr soliton microcomb lines via laser injection locking
Authors: Liu Boyuan , Zhang Qiang , Han Xinjie , Geng Yong , Qiu Kun , Zhou Heng
Published: January 2022

We demonstrate optical injection locking to amplify Kerr soliton comb lines for high speed optical communications, excellent results are achieved regarding comb power amplification, signal- to-noise ratio enhancement and bit-error rate, outperforming conventional fiber amplifier.
High-performance waveguide Ge/Si avalanche photodiode with simplified fabrication processes
Authors: Xiang Yuluan , Cao Hengzhen , Liu Chaoyue , Dai Daoxin
Published: January 2022

A high-performance waveguide Ge/Si avalanche photodiode is designed and fabricated with simplified processes, showing a high primary responsivity of 0.96 A/W, a 3dB bandwidth of 27 GHz. A 50 Gbps data transmission is also demonstrated.
Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with Improved Efficiency and Stability
Authors: Chen Wei
Published: January 2022

Our research group dedicated efforts to scale-up fabrication of large-area perovskite films, efficiency optimization of large-area module, and resolving stability issues of inverted PSCs. These solidly increase the PSC's industrilization feasiblity.
Large Capacity, High Spectral Efficiency and Long Distance Optical Transmission Based on High-Order QAM
Authors: Yu Jianjun , Kong Miao , Wang Kaihui , Ding Junjie , Wei Yi
Published: January 2022

We summarized our recent research results and achieved high-level QAM-based large-capacity, high-spectrum efficiency, and long-distance transmission through advanced digital signal processing.
16-Tb/s (80×200-Gb/s) Nyquist DP-QPSK Transmission Over 10,000-km G.654E Fiber using Silicon-based integrated coherent transceiver
Authors: Yang Chao , Luo Ming , He Zhixue , Wang Lei , Xiao Xi , Yu Shaohua
Published: January 2022

We use a high-bandwidth silicon-based integrated coherent transceiver in the long-haul fiber transmission systems. 16-Tb/s (80×200-Gb/s) Nyquist DP-QPSK transmission over 10,000-km G.654E fiber with Raman amplification is experimentally demonstrated.
New-generation ultra-low loss silicon photonic waveguide and devices
Authors: Zhang Long , Hong Shihan , Xie Yiwei , Dai Daoxin
Published: January 2022

We propose the concept of silicon photonics beyond the singlemode regime with ultra- low-loss propagation of 0.065 dB/cm. The state-of-art micro-racetrack resonator, high-resolution microwave filter and 100-cm-long delayline are demonstrated with standard 220-nm-SOI (silicon- on-insulator) MPW-foundry processes.
The Consecutive Generation of the +1st and −1st Order Orbital Angular Momentum Modes Based on a Chiral Long-Period Fiber Grating Cascaded with Opposite Helicities
Authors: Rao Xiongfeng , Ban Qiming , Deng Xu , Yang Li
Published: January 2022

We propose and fabricate a novel chiral long-period fiber grating cascaded with opposite helicities (CLPG-OH) for the consecutive generation of the +1st and −1st order orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes in a specific wavelength range.
Machine learning Assisted Accurate Estimation of QoT Impairments of Photonics Switching System on 400ZR
Authors: Khan Ihtesham , Tunesi Lorenzo , Masood M Umar , Ghillino Enrico , Bardella Paolo , Carena Andrea , Curri Vittorio
Published: January 2022

We propose a machine learning-based technique that accurately estimates quality-of-transmission (QoT) impairments of an optical switch on 400ZR. The proposed scheme works in an entirely agnostic way reduces inaccuracy in QoT impairments estima­tion by 1.5 dB.
Excellent Performance Robustness of Flexible Drop Operations of DSP-Switched ROADMs Excluding Optical Filters and O-E-O Conversions
Authors: Deng M. L. , Luo Z. R. , Xing Z. B. , Mamadou T. , Shi J. W. , Qing L. , Bai J. C.
Published: January 2022

DSP-Switched ROADM drop operation performances are extensively explored against variations in MZM operating characteristics. Numerical results indicate that the drop operations have excellent performance robustness, which can be further improved with longer digital filter lengths.
Ultra-fast silicon optical modulators and photodetectors operating beyond 100 Gbaud
Authors: Xiao Xi , Zhang Yuguang , Hu Xiao , Zhang Hongguang , Chen Daigao , Wang Lei , Yu Shaohua
Published: January 2022

We demonstrated several novel silicon optical modulators and photodetectors, such as 67 GHz Si3N4-coupled Ge photodetector, 90 GHz microring modulator and et. al. Silicon-based optical link operating >100 Gbaud will also be presented.
Super-resolution fluorescence polarization microscopy and its biological applications
Authors: Zhanghao Karl , Xi Peng , Jin Dayong
Published: January 2022

Fluorescent dipoles reflect the spatial orientation of the fluorophores, which indicates structural information of the targeted proteins. Imaging of fluorescent dipoles has been widely applied in structural research of cell membranes, biological filaments, and macromolecules. However, it suffers from the Abbe's diffraction limit, which deteriorates the imaging accuracy of both position and orientation of the fluorescent dipoles. Recently we developed several super-resolution tools to image the molecular orientation of fluorophores, including super-resolution dipole orientation mapping (SDOM) [1] and polarized structured illumination microscopy (pSIM) [2]. Our techniques model the fluorophores in the spatio-angular domain, describing both their position and orientation, which adds not only further super-resolution but also valuable biological insights. For the first time, our technique revealed the “side-by­side” organization the actin filaments in the “actin ring” structure of Membrane- associated Periodic Structure (MPS) in hippocampal neurons. Together with spectral detection, we also uncover the lipid heterogeneities of ten subcellular compartments [3], during different developmental stages of organelles, and even within the same organelle. The versatile applications of our technique suggest the broad application of super-resolution fluorescence polarization in future biological research.
Silicon DC Kerr modulator enhanced by slow light for 112 Gbit/s PAM4
Authors: Xia Penghui , Yu Hui , Zhang Qiang , Wang Xiaofei , Fu Zhilei , Huang Qikai , Jiang Xiaoqing , Yang Jianyi
Published: January 2022

We demonstrate a silicon modulator based on DC Kerr effect enhanced by slow light. The measured modulation efficiency, 3 dB electro-optic bandwidth and data rate are 0.85 V*cm, 30 GHz and 112 Gbit/s PAM4, respectively.
Multi-channel quasi-distributed acoustic sensing based on spatial division multiplexing and time-gated OFDR
Authors: Deng Yuanpeng , Liu Qingwen , Chang Yanming , He Zuyuan
Published: January 2022

In this work, two weak reflector arrays are interrogated simultaneously using spatial division multiplexing and TGD-OFDR techniques. Vibrations on the two channels are detected with ignorable cross-talk.