bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interest of therapeutic plasmapheresis in a chronic hemodialysis patient with severe bullous pemphigoid
Authors: Ahmadpoor Pedram , Beck Mathilde , Michel Moise , Pambrun Emilie , Stoebner Pierre , Moranne Olivier
Published: June 2024

Bullous pemphigoid is the most common autoimmune blistering disease induced by autoantibodies against basement membrane anchoring proteins (anti‐BP‐180 and anti‐BP‐230). The disease generally appears after the age of 70 and is associated with a 23.5% 1‐year mortality, especially in diabetics, or in the presence of ischemic heart disease and high anti‐BP‐180. Treatment starts with topical steroids but some patients may require oral steroids and systemic immunosuppression. We, hereby, discuss a diabetic patient on chronic hemodialysis, with severely relapsed bullous pemphigoid under biotherapy with omalizumab, who was successfully treated with five sessions of double filtration plasmapheresis, thus avoiding the need for systemic steroids.
ChatGPT can yield valuable responses in the context of orthopaedic trauma surgery
Authors: Kaarre Janina , Feldt Robert , Zsidai Bálint , Senorski Eric Hamrin , Rydberg Emilia Möller , Wolf Olof , Mukka Sebastian , Möller Michael , Samuelsson Kristian
Published: June 2024

Purpose

To assess the possibility of using Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT) specifically in the context of orthopaedic trauma surgery by questions posed to ChatGPT and to evaluate responses (correctness, completeness and adaptiveness) by orthopaedic trauma surgeons.

Methods

ChatGPT (GPT‐4 of 12 May 2023) was asked to address 34 common orthopaedic trauma surgery‐related questions and generate responses suited to three target groups: patient, nonorthopaedic medical doctor and expert orthopaedic surgeon. Three orthopaedic trauma surgeons independently assessed ChatGPT's responses by using a three‐point response scale with a response range between 0 and 2, where a higher number indicates better performance (correctness, completeness and adaptiveness).

Results

A total of 18 (52.9%) of all responses were assessed to be correct (2.0) for the patient target group, while 22 (64.7%) and 24 (70.5%) of the responses were determined to be correct for nonorthopaedic medical doctors and expert orthopaedic surgeons, respectively. Moreover, a total of 18 (52.9%), 25 (73.5%) and 28 (82.4%) of the responses were assessed to be complete (2.0) for patients, nonorthopaedic medical doctors and expert orthopaedic surgeons, respectively. The average adaptiveness was 1.93, 1.95 and 1.97 for patients, nonorthopaedic medical doctors and expert orthopaedic surgeons, respectively.

Conclusion

The study results indicate that ChatGPT can yield valuable and overall correct responses in the context of orthopaedic trauma surgery across different target groups, which encompassed patients, nonorthopaedic medical surgeons and expert orthopaedic surgeons. The average correctness scores, completeness levels and adaptiveness values indicated the ability of ChatGPT to generate overall correct and complete responses adapted to the target group.

Level of Evidence

Not applicable.
A tight upper bound on the average order of dominating sets of a graph
Authors: Beaton Iain , Cameron Ben
Published: June 2024

In this paper we study the average order of dominating sets in a graph, . Like other average graph parameters, the extremal graphs are of interest. Beaton and Brown conjectured that for all graphs of order without isolated vertices, . Recently, Erey proved the conjecture for forests without isolated vertices. In this paper we prove the conjecture and classify which graphs have . We also use our bounds to prove an average version of Vizing's conjecture.
An unusual case of pediatric granulomatosis with polyangiitis complicated by splenic infarction presenting as inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Pathania Shivany , Rehman Rahiya , Ward Madeleine , Yalcindag Ali , Ross Albert , Herzlinger Michael , Gorbounova Irina
Published: June 2024

We describe a case of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) in a 7‐year‐old‐male who initially presented with symptoms concerning for Inflammatory bowel disease. GPA is a rare, multisystemic necrotizing vasculitis involving small arteries and veins. The clinical presentation can be variable given its multisystemic involvement but more commonly involves the upper and lower airways and kidneys. This case highlights rare gastrointestinal symptoms of GPA, further complicated by an additional unique finding of splenic infarction. We hope to raise awareness for this rare illness to assist in diagnosis and treatment, as timely induction of remission can reduce significant morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population.
Temporary abdominal closure in oncological patients: Surgical characteristics and implications
Authors: Szor Daniel José , Pinto Rodrigo Ambar , Obregon Carlos de Almeida , Tustumi Francisco , Perazzo Fernando , Stolzemburg Lucas Catapreta , Silveira Sérgio , Júnior Ulysses Ribeiro
Published: June 2024

Background and Objectives

In critically ill patients, temporary abdominal closure (TAC) is utilized for conditions like abdominal compartment syndrome risk, gross abdominal contamination, and intestinal loop viability doubts. TAC techniques aim to safeguard abdominal contents, drain intraperitoneal fluids, and minimize fascia and skin damage. Our goal is to outline clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes in oncological patients undergoing peritoneostomy.

Methods

Patients undergoing TAC with vacuum therapy at a tertiary oncological center were studied, with data sourced from an institutional database.

Results

Forty‐seven patients (54.3% female), with an average age of 63.1 ± 12.3 years, were included in the study. The primary tumor site was predominantly gastrointestinal (78.2%). Patients presented systemic signs of chronic disease, reflected by a mean body mass index of 18.2 ± 7.6 kg/m², hemoglobin level of 9.2 ± 1.8 g/dL, and albumin level of 2.3 ± 0.6 g/dL. Additionally, most patients had a low‐performance status (53% Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 1/2, 44.8% Karnofsky score ≤80, and 61.2% Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥6). Emergency surgical complications were the main reasons for initial surgery (68%), with the majority attributed to fecal peritonitis (65.9%). Only 14.8% of patients achieved complete abdominal closure with an average of 24.8 days until closure. The in‐hospital mortality rate was 85.2%.

Conclusion

TAC is an alternative for oncological patients with surgical complications, but it carries a high mortality rate due to the compromised conditions of the patients.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Umbilical Cord Angiomyxoma
Authors: Grossi Alexandra Pires , Astori Adriane Fischer , Nakatani Edson Tetsuya , Jure Ricardo , Salazar Deyana , Tonni Gabriele , Sepulveda Waldo
Published: June 2024

We describe two cases of umbilical cord (UC) angiomyxoma diagnosed prenatally by sonography in the second trimester of pregnancy. In both cases, a complex mass was detected at the placental insertion site, characterized by an echoic nodule surrounding the umbilical vessels and distal edematous Wharton's jelly. Follow‐up scans showed that the mass grew mainly at the expense of its edematous component, with normal uteroplacental Dopplers throughout the remaining of the pregnancy. However, late‐onset fetal growth restriction complicated the progress of pregnancy, requiring delivery by Cesarean section at 37 weeks' gestation in both cases. Neonatal courses were unremarkable. An extensive review of the English literature was also performed, collecting 45 similar cases including ours. Our experience as well as the review of the literature confirms that UC angiomyxoma is an uncommon, sporadic condition that is usually detected incidentally during prenatal sonography and presents as an isolated finding. Nevertheless, it represents a high‐risk condition for pregnancy complications including prematurity, fetal growth restriction, and fetal demise.
Three different patellar fixation techniques yield similar clinical and radiological outcomes in recurrent patellar dislocation undergoing medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction
Authors: Huo Zhenhui , Niu Yingzhen , Kang Huijun , Hao Kuo , Fan Chongyi , Li Kehan , Wang Fei
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of three different patellar fixation techniques on medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFLR) in the treatment of patellar dislocation (PD).

Methods

Between 2015 and 2020, 130 patients with recurrent PD who underwent surgical reconstruction were eligible for this retrospective study: 48 patients were treated with the semi‐tunnel bone bridge fixation technique (Group A), 42 patients were treated with the suture anchor fixation technique (Group B) and 40 patients were treated with the transpatellar tunnel fixation technique (Group C). Clinical outcomes included functional outcomes (Kujala, Lysholm and International Knee Documentation Committee scores), activity levels (Tegner activity score and return to sports), physical examinations, patellar re‐dislocation rate and complications. Radiological outcomes included patellar congruence angle, patellar tilt angle, lateral patellar translation and lateral patellar angle.

Results

All clinical and radiological outcomes improved significantly in all groups, without any significant difference among these three groups. At the final follow‐up, no re‐dislocation occurred, and all groups achieved a successful return to sports. However, the semi‐tunnel bone bridge and suture anchor fixation techniques showed statistically higher Tegner activity scores (p = 0.004) and shorter time from surgery to return to sports (p = 0.007) than the transpatellar tunnel fixation technique.

Conclusion

The three MPFLR patellar fixation techniques achieved favourable and comparable clinical and radiological outcomes in the treatment of PD. Compared with the transpatellar tunnel fixation technique, the semi‐tunnel bone bridge and suture anchor fixation techniques may be more effective with higher activity levels.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
Plasmonic Toroidal Vortices
Authors: Yang Da‐Jie , Li Yang , Zhang Ye‐Qi , Liu Lu , Xie Yuan‐Hao , Fu Xingqiu , Liu Ji‐Cai , Wang Qu‐Quan
Published: June 2024

Toroidal vortices, or vortex rings, are torus‐shaped vortices observed in various fluid systems. Recently, optical toroidal vortices, novel solutions to Maxwell's equations, have been experimentally observed (Nat. Photonics, 2022, 16, 519). Thus, their nanoplasmonic counterparts, namely plasmonic toroidal vortices, are highly anticipated. This study aims to elucidate the generation and manifestation of plasmonic toroidal vortices. To achieve this, a technique involving the illumination of a gold nanotorus with a radially‐polarized beam is employed. Notably, the plasmonic toroidal vortices exhibit a distinct photon flow trajectory along the minor radius of a nanotorus. This work presents an advancement in toroidal vortices within the plasmonic regime.
Enhancing the accuracy of register‐based metrics: Comparing methods for handling overlapping psychiatric register entries in Finnish healthcare registers
Authors: Suokas Kimmo , Gutvilig Mai , Lumme Sonja , Pirkola Sami , Hakulinen Christian
Published: June 2024

Objectives

Healthcare registers are invaluable resources for research. Partly overlapping register entries and preliminary diagnoses may introduce bias. We compare various methods to address this issue and provide fully reproducible open‐source R scripts.

Methods

We used all Finnish healthcare registers 1969–2020, including inpatient, outpatient and primary care. Four distinct models were formulated based on previous reports to identify actual admissions, discharges, and discharge diagnoses. We calculated the annual number of treatment events and patients, and the median length of hospital stay (LOS). We compared these metrics to non‐processed data. Additionally, we analyzed the lifetime number of individuals with registered mental disorders.

Results

Overall, 2,130,468 individuals had a registered medical contact related to mental disorders. After processing, the annual number of inpatient episodes decreased by 5.85%–10.87% and LOS increased by up to 3 days (27.27%) in years 2011–2020. The number of individuals with lifetime diagnoses reduced by more than 1 percent point (pp) in two categories: schizophrenia spectrum (3.69–3.81pp) and organic mental disorders (1.2–1.27pp).

Conclusions

The methods employed in pre‐processing register data significantly impact the number of inpatient episodes and LOS. Regarding lifetime incidence of mental disorders, schizophrenia spectrum disorders require a particular focus on data pre‐processing.
A dual‐mode integration framework and application to agile feedback design of launch vehicles
Authors: Zhang Wenfeng , Cai Xiaoshuang , Liu Zhendong , Luo Shan , Yu Rendong
Published: June 2024

In recent decades, the design of complex systems like launch vehicles in the aerospace industry has presented engineers with challenges that go beyond system complexity. Issues such as time‐to‐market pressures and intricate industrial processes have underscored the increasing significance of agile design methodologies. Agile design is derived from the simplification of the design process and enhancing cross‐domain data transmission and feedback. While methods based on model‐based system engineering have improved iteration times in system architecture design, challenges persist in cross‐domain data transmission. Due to the diversity of complex system models and data, a single‐mode integration method is difficult to realize the data link construction of all tools used. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a dual‐mode data integration framework with expansibility, universality, and cost‐efficiency which leverages the benefits of Remote Procedure Call and Intermediate Exchange Module, addressing the challenge of constructing cross‐domain data links under single‐mode integration. In this study, two critical requirements of the first‐ and second‐stage separation systems, namely, weight and minimum separation gap, are selected for data feedback. A Modelica‐based multiphysics simulation model is developed in MWorks; visualization and computation of the minimum gap are carried out in CoppeliaSim. To bridge the gap between domain‐specific tools, Matlab and Functional Mock‐up Unit modules are introduced as middleware, facilitating data feedback linkage. The entire simulation process is orchestrated using activity diagrams in the MagicDraw tool. The study delves into the influence of critical design parameters, such as the initial angular velocity of separation and the thrust of the retro rocket, on the minimum separation gap. It provides an analysis of minimum separation gap variations under uncertain operating conditions and examines design margins. Significantly, the paper highlights the significance of controlling the initial angular velocity during separation and the reliability of the retro rocket, providing essential decision supports and valuable insights to agile the process of system design.
Resilience in children of parents with mental illness, alcohol or substance misuse—An integrative review
Authors: Ahlborg Mikael Gunnar , Nygren Jens Martin , Svedberg Petra , Regber Susann
Published: June 2024

Aim

The aim of this integrative review was to investigate how resilience has been researched and explore experiences of resilience, in children of parents with mental illness or alcohol or substance misuse.

Design

An integrative review.

Method

The search included three major electronic databases, PubMed, Scopus and PsycINFO with the aim of identifying peer‐reviewed studies where the concept of resilience was explored as resilience, coping, adaptation or protective factors.

Results

Out of 4016 studies, 14 were included after meeting predetermined criteria and methodological quality evaluation. The findings are presented in five categories: characteristics of the studies, operationalization and interpretation of resilience, individual resources, family resources and resources outside the family.

Patient or public contribution

Resilience in children of parents with mental illness or substance misuse refers to coping strategies, protective factors and absence of symptoms or risk behaviour despite being exposed to risk. We suggest a three‐level approach for mapping of resilience resources in the target group: the individual level, family level and outside of the family that includes both non‐professionals and professionals. The use of disengagement or avoidance strategies implies poor resilience but may be necessary in absence of support, as acts of self‐preservation during chaotic periods or harmful situations.
The Complications of Osseous Reconstruction in the Head and Neck: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Khan Usman , Hathi Kalpesh , MacKay Colin , Corsten Martin
Published: June 2024

Objective

To compare the postoperative complications of the fibular free flap (FFF), scapula free flap (SFF), and osteocutaneous radial forearm free flap (OCRFFF) following osseous reconstruction in the head and neck.

Data Sources

PUBMED, EMBASE, Cochrane.

Review Methods

A literature search and systematic review were performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analysis guidelines. A meta‐analysis of proportions was conducted using a random effects model to compare operative time and postoperative complications.

Results

The systematic review identified 26 studies comparing at least 1 variable of interest. The odds ratio estimates favored reduced rates of flap failure with the OCRFFF when compared to FFF (0.7, confidence interval [CI]: 0.29‐1.11, P < .001), while FFF and SFF were similar. The mean difference estimates for operative time significantly favored FFF over SFF (−51.04 minutes, CI: −92.73 to −9.35, P = .016) and OCRFFF over FFF (66.77 minutes, CI: 52.74‐80.8, P < .001). The FFF was more prone to hardware exposure, longer hospital stays, and donor site complications. Recipient wound complications and fistula rates were similar for all flap types.

Conclusion

Depending on the clinical context, the OCRFFF, FFF, and SFF are all robust options for reconstruction in the head and neck. The OCRFFF is associated with a reduced rate of flap failure and shorter operative times. The SFF requires longer operative times, although significant variation was observed between institutions. The FFF has broad reconstructive indications but is associated with more perioperative and long‐term complications.
Pharyngeal Mucosal Margin Vessel Counts Predict Pharyngocutaneous Fistula in Salvage Laryngectomy
Authors: Prince Andrew D.P. , Heft Neal Molly E. , Buchakjian Marisa R. , Chinn Steven B. , Stucken Chaz L. , Casper Keith A. , Malloy Kelly M. , Prince Mark E.P. , Rosko Andrew J. , McHugh Jonathan B. , Spector Matthew E.
Published: June 2024

Objective

We evaluated vessel counts in the pharyngeal mucosal margins of patients who underwent salvage laryngectomy to establish whether mucosal vascularity might predict fistula risk.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort.

Setting

Tertiary Medical Center.

Methods

Patients who underwent salvage total laryngectomy at our institution between 1999 and 2015 were identified. Pharyngeal mucosal margins from laryngectomy specimens were evaluated histologically for each patient, and vessel counts were performed on 5 ×10 images. The primary outcome measure was fistula within 30 days of surgery and mean vessel counts were assessed as the principle explanatory variable.

Results

Seventy patients were included and 40% developed a postoperative fistula. There was a large difference in the mean vessel count in patients who did develop fistula (48.6 vessels/×10 field) compared to those who did not (34.7 vessels/×10 field). A receiver operative characteristic curve found that a cutoff value of 33.9 vessels/×10 field provided a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 62% to predict the likelihood of fistula occurrence (area under the curve = 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.59‐0.83). In a binary logistic regression, patients with vessel counts greater than 33.9 had a 5‐fold increased risk of developing fistula (95% CI: 1.8‐16.45). Histologically, vessels in the pharyngeal mucosa of patients who developed fistulas were more disorganized.

Conclusion

After salvage laryngectomy, patients with higher mean mucosal margin vessel counts are at increased risk of fistula. The mechanism is unknown, but the disorganization of the vasculature may contribute to poor wound healing. Vessel counting may allow for fistula risk stratification and guide postoperative care.
Study on the Mass Spectrometry Cleavage Pattern of Quinolone Antibiotics
Authors: Fan Susu , Lu Hui , Li Chunjian , Cai Meng , Shi Jian
Published: June 2024

Rationale: Quinolone antibiotics are extensively used clinically for human treatment and in agriculture. However, improper and excessive use can lead to the persistence of quinolone residues in animal tissues, potentially accumulating in the human body and posing health risks. Investigating the correlation between mass spectrometry cleavage patterns and molecular structural features enhances the analytical framework for detecting trace or unknown impurities in quinolones. Methods: To collect data, we employed triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry in electrospray positive ion mode. Primary mass spectrometry scanning was utilized to confirm parent ions, while secondary mass spectrometry scanning enabled the observation of fragment ions. The cleavage characteristics and pathways of the compounds were inferred from accurate mass‐to‐charge ratios obtained from both primary and secondary mass spectrometry. Results: Under soft ionization conditions, the compounds generally exhibited characteristic fragment ions of [M+H−H2O]+, [M+H−CO]+, and [M+H−H2O−CO]+. Additionally, subtle variations were observed in each compound due to differences in modifying groups. For instance, upon deacidification, the piperazine ring structure underwent breakage and rearrangement, yielding fragment ion peaks devoid of neutral molecules such as C2H5N, C3H7N, or C4H8N. Notably, compounds featuring a cyclopropyl substituent group at the N‐1 position typically exhibited characteristic fragments resulting from the loss of the cyclopropyl radical (⋅C3H5). Moreover, substituents at the N‐1 and C‐8 positions, when linked to form a six‐membered carbocyclic ring, were prone to cleavage, releasing the neutral C3H6 molecule. Conclusion: Quinolone antibiotics share structural similarities in their parent nuclei, leading to partially similar cleavage pathways. Nevertheless, distinct cleavage patterns emerge due to variations in functional groups. According to the difference of mass spectrometry cleavage patterns, it can provide an identification basis for the measured detection of antibiotics.
Flexible, wearable and sensitive laser‐induced graphene sensors for human health monitoring
Authors: Huang Qiaoling , Dai Xinming , Guo Shuang , Ma Shuning , Zhao Changlin , Su Weiguo
Published: June 2024

Bio‐compatible strain sensors are indispensable for human monitoring devices, requiring a delicate balance of robustness, flexibility, and sensitivity. However, achieving these attributes concurrently remains a formidable challenge. This article presents a pioneering approach to fabricate three‐dimensional flexible strain sensors using laser‐induced graphene (LIG) on polyimide (PI) substrates. Through a one‐step laser direct writing (LDW) technique, durable LIG/CuSO4 composites with closed‐pore porous structures are synthesized. The integration of copper sulfate within the closed‐cell architecture of LIG establishes a resilient conducting pathway, enhancing sensitivity to deformation under tensile stress. The resulting sensor exhibits exceptional performance in monitoring a wide range of human movements, from vigorous activities to subtle oscillations and physiological signals. Notably, the sensor boasts a remarkable sensing range of up to 25% strain, coupled with a high sensitivity characterized by a gauge factor of approximately 597. Rapid response times of 175 ms and quick recovery times of 200 ms further underscore its efficiency. Moreover, the sensor demonstrates outstanding stability and durability, maintaining consistent performance over 5600 cyclic experiments. This innovative approach represents a significant advancement in bio‐compatible strain sensor technology, offering a versatile solution for diverse monitoring applications.
Feasibility of a clinic‐based, multicomponent hydroxyurea adherence intervention for adolescents and young adults with sickle cell disease
Authors: Murphy Bridget N. , Keenan‐Pfeiffer Mary E. , Lane Adam , Crosby Lori E. , Walsh Kathleen E.
Published: June 2024

Despite the effectiveness of hydroxyurea, adherence remains low for adolescents and young adults (AYA) living with sickle cell disease (SCD). This study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and initial efficacy of a clinic‐based, multicomponent (e.g., storytelling, problem solving) intervention with 20 AYA living with SCD. Results found that adherence significantly improved from intervention to follow‐up 1 [t(19) = −2.213, p = .039]. AYA also were generally satisfied with the intervention. These findings, although promising, should be replicated on a larger scale.
Tumor budding is a meaningful prognostic marker in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after curative hepatectomy
Authors: Yang Kaibo , Wu Kunjin , Lei Zitong , Liu Tong , Zhang Xing , Li Jing , Yang Kun , Peng Qiuting , Lin Ting , Liu Chang , Qu Kai
Published: June 2024

Aim

Tumor budding (TB) has excellent prognostic value in many solid tumors, but there is little research on it in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study assessed the prognostic value of TB in patients with HCC who received hepatectomy.

Methods

This retrospective study included 210 patients with HCC who received curative hepatectomy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, between 2016 and 2018. TB was evaluated on hematoxylin‐ and eosin‐stained slides according to the criteria established by the 2016 International Tumor Budding Consensus Conference. t‐tests, Chi‐squared tests, and rank‐sum tests were used to correlate the extent of TB with clinicopathological parameters. Prognostic analysis was performed using Cox regression models and the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results

The positive detection rate of TB was 45.2% (95/210) in 210 patients with HCC. Patients positive for TB always exhibit lower tumor differentiation, higher hepatitis B virus DNA levels, and more severe liver fibrosis. Multivariate Cox analysis identified TB (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.232, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.479–3.368, p < 0.001) as an independent prognostic factor for patients' recurrence‐free survival (RFS), similar to tumor size (HR: 1.070, 95% CI: 1.070–1.142, p = 0.042) and satellite nodule (HR: 2.266, 95% CI: 1.298–3.956, p = 0.004). Kaplan–Meier analysis also demonstrated that TB‐positive patients had a significantly worse RFS. Interestingly, subgroup analysis revealed that among HCC patients with negative microvascular invasion (MVI), TB was also strongly associated with RFS (HR: 3.206, 95% CI: 1.667–6.168, p < 0.001). These findings suggest that TB may serve as a supplemental prognostic biomarker for HCC‐negative MVI.

Conclusions

TB is an adverse prognostic biomarker for HCC, particularly in patients negative for MVI. TB evaluation should be considered in the postoperative pathological examination of HCC in clinical practice.
Pyroelectric Thermal Energy Harvester Based on Sol‐Gel‐Derived PLZT Films
Authors: Mahlawat Vandana , Tomar Monika , Gupta Reema
Published: June 2024

The present work focuses on studying the pyroelectric properties of chemical solution deposition‐grown Pb1−xLax(Zr0.4Ti0.6)O3 films on nickel substrate which are annealed at constant temperature of 650 °C with lanthanum concentrations ranging from x = 2–8% respectively. Structural studies reveal polycrystalline nature in all the PLZT films. The dielectric constant values rise from 497 to 1048 as La doping concentration rises from 2% to 6% at a constant frequency of 1 MHz, reaching a maximum value of 1048 for 6% La doping with little variation in dielectric loss between 0.03 and 0.05. As La doping level increases from 2% to 6%, the remnant (Pr) and saturation (Ps) polarization values increase from 12 to 47 μC cm−2 and 18 to 53 μC cm−2 respectively. The leakage current is found to be 2.68 × 10−8 A for 2%‐doped PZT film and it reduces to 2.94 × 10−10 A for PLZT (6% doping) film. The influence of lanthanum doping on the pyroelectric properties has been studied in detail. The value of pyroelectric coefficient (p) is varied from 240 × 10−3 to 980 × 10−3 Cm−2 K−1 and current responsivity is varied from 960 × 10−10 to 3920 × 10−10 mV−1 with the variation in lanthanum content from 2% to 6%, respectively. The promising pyroelectric results found in PLZT films encourage these films in energy applications field.
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing and the 2022 definition of pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Habedank Dirk , Ittermann Till , Kaczmarek Sabine , Stubbe Beate , Heine Alexander , Obst Anne , Ewert Ralf
Published: June 2024

Parameters of cardiopulmonary exercise testing significantly discriminate between healthy subjects and patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH), also according to the new 2022 definition of pulmonary hypertension (mean pulmonary arterial pressure mPAP > 20 mmHg). The cut‐offs indicating on PH were peakVO2 ≤ 16.7 mL/min/kg (Youden‐Index YI = 0.79), petCO2@AT ≤ 34 mmHg (YI = 0.67), and VE/VCO2@AT ≤ 30 (YI = 0.76).
Shallow cumulus cloud fields are optically thicker when they are more clustered
Authors: Alinaghi Pouriya , Janssens Martin , Choudhury Goutam , Goren Tom , Siebesma A. Pier , Glassmeier Franziska
Published: June 2024

Shallow trade cumuli over subtropical oceans are a persistent source of uncertainty in climate projections. Mesoscale organization of trade cumulus clouds has been shown to influence their cloud radiative effect (CRE) through cloud cover. We investigate whether organization can explain CRE variability independently of cloud‐cover variability. By analyzing satellite observations and high‐resolution simulations, we show that more clustered cloud fields feature geometrically thicker clouds with larger domain‐averaged liquid water paths, smaller cloud droplets, and consequently larger cloud optical depths. The relationships between these variables are shaped by the mixture of deep cloud cores and shallower interstitial clouds or anvils that characterize cloud organization. Eliminating cloud‐cover effects, more clustered clouds reflect up to 20 W/m more instantaneous shortwave radiation back to space.
Assurance methods for designing a clinical trial with a delayed treatment effect
Authors: Salsbury James A. , Oakley Jeremy E. , Julious Steven A. , Hampson Lisa V.
Published: June 2024

An assurance calculation is a Bayesian alternative to a power calculation. One may be performed to aid the planning of a clinical trial, specifically setting the sample size or to support decisions about whether or not to perform a study. Immuno‐oncology is a rapidly evolving area in the development of anticancer drugs. A common phenomenon that arises in trials of such drugs is one of delayed treatment effects, that is, there is a delay in the separation of the survival curves. To calculate assurance for a trial in which a delayed treatment effect is likely to be present, uncertainty about key parameters needs to be considered. If uncertainty is not considered, the number of patients recruited may not be enough to ensure we have adequate statistical power to detect a clinically relevant treatment effect and the risk of an unsuccessful trial is increased. We present a new elicitation technique for when a delayed treatment effect is likely and show how to compute assurance using these elicited prior distributions. We provide an example to illustrate how this can be used in practice and develop open‐source software to implement our methods. Our methodology has the potential to improve the success rate and efficiency of Phase III trials in immuno‐oncology and for other treatments where a delayed treatment effect is expected to occur.
Rb‐Doped Perovskite Oxides: Surface Enrichment and Structural Reconstruction During the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Xie Huachao , Zhang Yuxuan , Liu Panpan , Duo Xuyao , Hu Zhonghui , Yu Jia , Wang Zihan , Yao Guodong , Feng Lingyan , Huang Xing , Ouyang Runhai , Wang Yuanqing
Published: June 2024

Alkali‐metal doped perovskite oxides have emerged as promising materials due to their unique properties and broad applications in various fields, including photovoltaics and catalysis. Understanding the complex interplay between alkali metal doping, structural modifications, and their impact on performance remains a crucial challenge. In this study, this challenge is addressed by investigating the synthesis and properties of Rb‐doped perovskite oxides. These results reveal that the doping of Rb into perovskite oxides function as a structural modifier in the as‐synthesized samples and during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) as well. Electron microscopy and first‐principles calculations confirm the enrichment of Rb on the surface of the as‐synthesized sample. Further investigations into the electrocatalytic reaction revealed that the Rb‐doped perovskite underwent drastic restructuring with Rb leaching and formation of strontium oxide.
Biologically Active Micropatterns of Biomolecules and Living Matter Using Microbubble Lithography
Authors: Ranjan Anand Dev , Bhowmick Sucharita , Gupta Arnab , Mallick Amirul Islam , Banerjee Ayan
Published: June 2024

In situ patterning of biomolecules and living organisms while retaining their biological activity is extremely challenging, primarily because such patterning typically involves thermal stresses that could be substantially higher than the physiological thermal or stress tolerance level. Top‐down patterning approaches are especially prone to these issues, while bottom‐up approaches suffer from a lack of control in developing defined structures and the time required for patterning. A microbubble generated and manipulated by optical tweezers (microbubble lithography) is used to self‐assemble and pattern living organisms in continuous microscopic structures in real‐time, where the material thus patterned remains biologically active due to their ability to withstand elevated temperatures for short exposures. Successful patterns of microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Lactococcus. lactis and the Type A influenza virus) are demonstrated, as well as reporter proteins such as green fluorescent protein (GFP) on functionalized substrates with high signal‐to‐noise ratio and selectivity. Together, the data presented herein may open up fascinating possibilities in rapid in situ parallelized diagnostics of multiple pathogens and bioelectronics.
NaBix/NaVyOz Hybrid Interfacial Layer Enables Stable and Dendrite‐Free Sodium Anodes
Authors: Shi Daowushuang , Lv Xiang , Yang Yang , Zhang Xianghua , Tao Zetian , Xu Chen , Rui Xianhong
Published: June 2024

The challenges of sodium metal anodes, including formation of an unstable solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) and uncontrolled growth of sodium dendrites during charge–discharge cycles, impact the stability and safety of sodium metal batteries. Motivated by the promising commercialization potential of sodium metal batteries, it becomes imperative to systematically explore innovative protective interlayers specifically tailored for sodium metal anodes. In this work, a NaBix/NaVyOz hybrid and porous interfacial layer on sodium anode is successfully fabricated via pretreating sodium with bismuth vanadate. The hybrid interlayer effectively combines the advantages of sodium vanadates and alloys, raising a synergistic effect in facilitating sodium deposition kinetics and inhibiting the growth of sodium dendrites. As a result, the modified sodium electrodes (BVO‐Na) can stably cycle for 2000 h at 0.5 mA cm−2 with a fixed capacity of 1 mAh cm−2, and the BVO‐Na||Na3V2(PO4)3 full cell sustains a high capacity of 94 mAh g−1 after 600 cycles at 5 C. This work demonstrates that constructing an artificial hybrid interlayer is a practical solution to obtain high performance anodes in sodium metal batteries.
Tuning Crystal Phase of Palladium–Selenium Nanowires for Enhanced Ethylene Glycol Electrocatalytic Oxidation
Authors: Wang Liping , Yan Wei , Yu Qingping , Liu Liangbin , Kao Cheng‐Wei , Huang Yu‐Cheng , Chan Ting‐Shan , Hu Zhiwei , Lin Haixin , Shen Dazhi , Huang Xiaoqing , Li Yunhua
Published: June 2024

Alcohol electrooxidation is pivotal for a sustainable energy economy. However, designing efficient electrocatalysts for this process is still a formidable challenge. Herein, palladium–selenium nanowires featuring distinct crystal phases: monoclinic Pd7Se2 and tetragonal Pd4.5Se for ethylene glycol electrooxidation reaction (EGOR) are synthesized. Notably, the supported monoclinic Pd7Se2 nanowires (m‐Pd7Se2 NWs/C) exhibit superior EGOR activity, achieving a mass activity (MA) and specific activity (SA) of 10.4 A mgPd−1 (18.7 mA cm−2), which are 8.0 (6.7) and 10.4 (8.2) times versus the tetragonal Pd4.5Se and commercial Pd/C and surpass those reported in the literature. Furthermore, m‐Pd7Se2 NWs/C displays robust catalytic activity for other alcohol electrooxidation. Comprehensive characterization and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the enhanced electrocatalytic performance is attributed to the increased formation of Pd0 on the high‐index facets of the m‐Pd7Se2 NWs, which lowers the energy barriers for the C─C bond dissociation in CHOHCHOH* and the CO* oxidation to CO2*. This study provides palladium‐based alloy electrocatalysts exhibiting the highest mass activity reported to date for the electrooxidation of ethylene glycol, achieved through the crystalline phase engineering strategy.
Montageeinflüsse auf die Langzeittragfähigkeit von Glas/PTFE‐Geweben
Authors: Stranghöner Natalie , Uhlemann Jörg
Published: June 2024

Membrantragwerke werden für eine Lebensdauer zwischen 20 und 25 Jahren ausgelegt. Hierzu ist in Deutschland für jedes Tragwerk – ob klein oder groß – bislang eine kombinierte ZiE/vBG erforderlich, die auf Grundlage von Festigkeits‐ und Steifigkeitskennwerten beruht, die am Neumaterial chargenabhängig ermittelt werden. Festigkeitsabmindernde Einflüsse werden über Abminderungsfaktoren durchaus berücksichtigt, allerdings finden Effekte aus der Montage hierbei nur unzureichend Eingang. Gerade Glas/PTFE‐Gewebe sind sensibel gegenüber Montageeinflüssen wie Handling während des Transports, Handling und Temperatur während des Auslegens der Gewebe und Bewitterung, sodass es immer wieder zu Langzeitschäden in Form von Rissen in Glas/PTFE‐Membranüberdachungen kommt, die einen frühzeitigen Austausch der Gesamteindeckung zur Folge haben (können). Untersuchungen zum Einfluss der Bewitterung in Kombination mit handling‐/montagebedingten Knicken in Glas/PTFE‐Geweben haben gezeigt, dass bestimmte Arten von Knicken in Glas/PTFE‐Geweben zwingend zu vermeiden sind, andere sich allerdings nicht nachteilig auf die Langzeittragfähigkeit auswirken (müssen). Der Beitrag gibt sowohl einen Überblick über den aktuellen Kenntnisstand zum Einfluss von Bewitterung und Knicken auf die Langzeittragfähigkeit von Glas/PTFE‐Geweben als auch Empfehlungen zur montagegerechten Ausführung solcher Membrantragwerke, um langfristige Schäden zu vermeiden.
Logistics Supply Chain Management and Control Based on Mobile Communication Technology
Authors: Wang Jisheng , Luo Lingling , Wang Jipeng
Published: June 2024

With the development and application of 5G technology, more efficient and faster mobile communication has become an essential tool in logistics transportation and warehousing processes. Logistics supply chain management (SCM) is a logistics management system centered around the core products or business of the supply chain, as well as a logistics management system organized around the core logistics business. As an important part of logistics SCM, logistics control requires real‐time monitoring and adjustment of transportation, warehousing, distribution, and other links. Mobile communication technology can provide real‐time positioning, tracking, monitoring, and data transmission functions, which provides strong technical support for logistics control. It can also optimize logistics scheduling and improve logistics efficiency and accuracy, thereby reducing transportation costs and improving logistics quality and efficiency. This article aimed to explore the relationship between mobile communication technology and logistics SCM and control, and to use Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for research. The research results indicated that under the same other conditions, 38 and 37 people rated the X system as liked by companies A and B, accounting for 95% and 92.5% respectively; only 4 and 1 people rated the Y system as liked, accounting for 10% and 2.5% respectively; the likes and dislikes of the X system were much higher than those of the Y system. This indicated a positive relationship between mobile communication technology and logistics SCM and control systems. Logistics SCM and control based on mobile communication technology has become an important direction and development trend in current research on logistics SCM and control. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
CircIQCH Contributes to the Progression of Breast Cancer by Elevating NFIB Through Decoying miR‐139‐5p
Authors: Shang Yi , Li Xiaolong , Du Qianqian , Zhao Yang , Li Ying
Published: June 2024

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are implicated in the progression of breast cancer (BC). However, the explorations on circRNA IQ motif containing H (circIQCH) in BC progression remain limited. Functional experiments were conducted using in vitro and murine xenograft model assays, respectively. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay and RIP assay detected the associations among circIQCH, miR‐139‐5p, and nuclear factor IB (NFIB). CircIQCH was upregulated in BC, and the silencing of circIQCH repressed BC cell growth, metastasis, and autophagy, arrested cell cycle, promoted cell apoptosis in vitro, and blocked tumor growth in vivo. CircIQCH positively modulated NFIB expression by sponging miR‐139‐5p. Moreover, the deletion of miR‐139‐5p abated the action of circIQCH deficiency on BC cell malignant behaviors. Overexpression of miR‐139‐5p repressed the malignant characteristics of BC cells, while these impacts were abolished by elevating NFIB. Collectively, CircIQCH functioned as an oncogene in BC through upregulating NFIB expression by sponging miR‐139‐5p.
Genome‐wide association study for yield and quality of granulated cassava processed product
Authors: Aghogho Cynthia Idhigu , Kayondo Siraj Ismail , Eleblu Saviour J. Y. , Ige Adenike , Asante Isaac , Offei Samuel K. , Parkes Elizabeth , Egesi Chiedozie , Mbanjo Edwige Gaby Nkouaya , Shah Trushar , Kulakow Peter , Rabbi Ismail Y.
Published: June 2024

The starchy storage roots of cassava are commonly processed into a variety of products, including cassava granulated processed products (gari). The commercial value of cassava roots depends on the yield and quality of processed products, directly influencing the acceptance of new varieties by farmers, processors, and consumers. This study aims to estimate genetic advance through phenotypic selection and identify genomic regions associated and candidate genes linked with gari yield and quality. Higher single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐based heritability estimates compared to broad‐sense heritability estimates were observed for most traits highlighting the influence of genetic factors on observed variation. Using genome‐wide association analysis of 188 clones, genotyped using 53,150 genome‐wide SNPs, nine SNPs located on seven chromosomes were significantly associated with peel loss, gari yield, color parameters for gari and eba, bulk density, swelling index, and textural properties of eba. Future research will focus on validating and understanding the functions of identified genes and their influence on gari yield and quality traits.
Use of recycled rubber in carbon black as a filler in ternary blends of NR/BR/SBR for the automotive tire industry
Authors: Jovanović Slaviša , Samaržija‐Jovanović Suzana , Jovanović Vojislav , Marković Gordana , Vujaković Jelena , Marinović‐Cincović Milena
Published: June 2024

This work aims to find the optimal ratio of recycled rubber (RR) in carbon black (CB)/RR filler and determine its influence on the mechanical properties, thermal behavior, and activation energy of ternary rubber based on polyisoprene (natural rubber [NR]), polybutadiene (butadiene rubber [BR]), and styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) with a constant ratio of 40/40/20 parts per 100 of rubber (phr). The filler used was N330 (60 phr) and a mixture of CB/RR filler in the following proportions: 55/5, 50/10, and 40/20 phr. The activation energy of the examined samples was determined by the rheometric method. The samples were subjected to thermo‐oxidative (at 100°C after 168 h) and γ‐radiation aging (200 kGy). Hardness, tensile strength, and elongation at break were evaluated before and after thermo‐oxidative and γ‐radiation aging. SEM, attenuated total reflectance fourier‐transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR), and TG/DTG techniques were used to characterize NR/BR/SBR composites.

The results show that the most optimal CB/RR ratio is 55/5 phr, which is confirmed by the mechanical properties before and after aging and the results for the activation energies of cross‐linking and reversion. The thermal stability of the composite containing 60 phr of the CB and the composite reinforced with 5 phr of the RR in CB/RR filler is almost the same.

The results of this research may be applicable in the automotive tire industry since NR/BR/SBR composites are used for automotive tire treads. Another benefit of this research is that the partial replacement of CB with RR contributes to the reduction of tire waste, and thus to the preservation of environmental protection.

Highlights

Rubber composite NR/BR/SBR = 40/40/20 phr reinforced with CB/RR filler

The amount of RR in the CB/RR filler has been changed to 5, 10 and 20 phr

The lowest value for Eac has the sample containing filler CB/RR = 55/5 phr

The most thermally stable sample is the sample with 5 phr RR in CB/RR filler

RR (5 phr) can be applied in CB/RR filler to reinforce NR/BR/SBR composites
Clinical outcome of permanent femoral artery ligation in four dogs
Authors: Sprocatti Mara , Grassato Lisa , Whittaker Danielle E. , Solano Miguel
Published: June 2024

Four dogs experienced intraoperative iatrogenic arterial injury during orthopaedic surgeries of the pelvic limb. After various haemostatic techniques failed, intraoperative haemostasis was achieved only by permanent ligation of the femoral artery. All dogs were re‐examined clinically and radiographically between 6 and 26 weeks postoperatively (short‐term follow‐ups). For the purpose of this study, three dogs were contacted for a long‐term re‐examination (orthopaedic and neurological) more than 2 years postoperatively (24–39 months), and their owners completed the Liverpool osteoarthritis in dog questionnaire. Visual gait analysis was scored subjectively (n = 3), and was recorded objectively using a pressure‐sensitive walkway (n = 2). No short‐ or long‐term complications related to the permanent femoral artery ligation were encountered, and limb function was normal for the dogs rechecked long‐term. Femoral artery ligation can be considered a last resort but safe salvage procedure in dogs with intraoperative arterial bleeding of the pelvic limb when standard haemostatic techniques have failed.