bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UAS ILMU POLITIK DAN PENDIDIKAN IPS
Authors: Ulfah Dhini Yatol
Published: June 2023

Mengapa kekuasaan diperlukan untuk mempengaruhi kebijakan politik. Uraikan bagaimana pendapat Anda.Jawaban: Menurut saya, kekuasaan adalah wewenang yang utama yang harus dikuasai dan dimiliki oleh setiap politik, Karena kekuasaan dapat mengubah pemerintahan yang ada. Kekuasaan harus jatuh ketangan yang tepat agar masyarakat dapat kesejahteraan.Politik kekuasaan adalah kemampuan individu atau kelompok untuk memanfaatkan sumber kekuatan, yang dapat mendukung kekuatan dalam untuk mencapai suatu tujuan tertentu. penggunaan kekuasaan dalam kebijakan politik bertujuan untuk mengatur kepentingan semua orang yang terlibat organisasi, bukan untuk kepentingan individu atau kelompok.Jelaskan menurut pandangan anda tentang perkembangan Dinamika Demokrasi yang ada di Indonesia. Jawaban : Sejak kemerdekaan hingga saat ini, Indonesia merupakan negara yang menerapkan sistem demokrasi. Hal ini diawali dengan adanya demokrasi yang dipimpin oleh Soekarno yang kemudian dilanjutkan dengan demokrasi Pancasila yang digunakan pada era kepemimpinan Soeharto. Dia adalah presiden Indonesia selama beberapa dekade. Dan kemudian demokrasi yang sesungguhnya muncul pada saat jatuhnya rezim Soeharto pada tahun 1998. Dimulai dengan pemilihan kepala daerah atau presiden yang melibatkan masyarakat secara adil dan bersama-sama. Demokrasi sudah berlangsung lama di negeri ini. Dan tentunya banyak tantangan didalamnya , namun karena bangsa ini adalah bangsa yang gigih maka berbagai tantangan yang nantinya menghambat demokrasi dapat diatasi. Tentu tidak salah jika beberapa lembaga penelitian di Amerika yang dikenal dengan nama Freedom House kebetulan memberikan bahwa Indonesia termasuk negara berkembang yang paling berhasil menerapkan sistem demokrasi. Demokrasi dibangun dan dikembangkan sesuai dengan zamannya dan tetap berpegang pada UUD 1945, karena pada dasarnya demokrasi merupakan perwujudan dari pelaksanaan UUD 1945 itu sendiri. Dalam era Globalisasi dan Modernitas ini diperlukan partisipasi dalam pembangunan demokrasi sesuai dengan kebutuhan nyata, agar sistem pemerintahan berjalan sesuai dengan hati nurani rakyat, dari rakyat, oleh rakyat dan untuk rakyat. Sebab, terjadi karena pengalaman masa lalu ketika banyak sistem pemerintahan yang mempersulit rakyat bahkan tidak dianggap sama sekali mendukung suatu sistem pemerintahan. Namun hari ini sejarah mencatat bahwa demokrasi kini menjadi sistem politik yang banyak diterapkan di berbagai negara di dunia. Hal itu karena demokrasi menawarkan konsep sistem yang adil dan transparan. Bahkan dari waktu ke waktu, semakin banyak negara yang mengubah sistem pemerintahannya menjadi sistem demokrasi.
UAS ILMU POLITIK
Authors: Ramadhani M. Ammar
Published: June 2023

Kekuasaan adalah cara membina hubungan-hubungan antara masyarakat awam dan masyarakat politik. Kekuasaan harus membawa kesejahteraan bagi masyarakat awam dan bukan mendatangkan dominasi yang mengakibatkan ketidakadilan dan diskriminasi politik bagi masyarakat awam.
KESEIMBANGAN PASAR UANG DAN PASAR BARANG DALAM EKONOMI MAKRO ISLA
Authors: Khaerul
Published: June 2023

KESEIMBANGAN PASAR UANG DAN PASAR BARANG DALAM EKONOMI MAKRO ISLAM
PENGARUH KURS RUPIAH, INFLASI, SUKU BUNGA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DAN KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT DI INDONESIA
Authors: Ulhaq Dea Fitrianingka , Kurniawati  , Padillah Anissa , Hasan Muhamad Arif , Qothrunnada Rofidah , Purba Andry Maulana , jamal Muhammad iqbal amirul , Ziyany Ahmad Nadvy , Sihabuddin Ahmad
Published: June 2023

The Indonesian capital market is a highly developed capital market in recent years. As the world of investment and finance develops in other countries, both the stock index and its economic indicators affect the Indonesian economy, and the country’s economy affects the welfare of its people. Can be seen from the human development index. The purpose of this study was to determine the Structural Model of the Influence of the Rupiah Exchange Rate, Inflation, Interest Rates, on Indonesia’s Economic Growth and People’s Welfare in Indonesia. The results of the study show that the Rupiah Exchange Rate, Inflation, Interest Rates have a significant effect on Community Welfare. Based on the results of the analysis in this study, it can be concluded that in order to improve people’s welfare, the rupiah exchange rate, inflation and interest rates must be controlled by the government so that investors’ investment in Indonesia increases, export products need to be increased to suppress imported products because they greatly affect economic growth. Directly impact on the Welfare of the Indonesian People.
Assessing two methods of webcam-based eye-tracking for child language research
Authors: Kandel Margaret , Snedeker Jesse
Published: June 2023

We assess the feasibility of conducting web-based eye-tracking experiments with children using two methods of webcam-based eye-tracking: automatic gaze estimation with the WebGazer.js algorithm and hand annotation of gaze direction from recorded webcam videos. Experiment 1 directly compares the two methods in a visual-world language task with five to six year-old children. Experiment 2 more precisely investigates WebGazer.js’ spatiotemporal resolution with four to twelve year-old children in a visual-fixation task. We find that it is possible to conduct web-based eye-tracking experiments with children in both supervised (Experiment 1) and unsupervised (Experiment 2) settings, however the webcam eye-tracking methods differ in their sensitivity and accuracy. Webcam video annotation is well-suited to detecting fine-grained looking effects relevant to child language researchers. In contrast, WebGazer.js gaze estimates appear noisier and less temporally precise. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method and provide recommendations for researchers conducting child eye-tracking studies online.
UAS Ilmu Politik dan Pendidikan IPS_Siti Aminah_2210128220002
Authors: Aminah Siti
Published: June 2023

Ilmu politik dan Pendidikan IPS_Dr. M. Zainal Arifin Anis, M. Hum & M. Adhitya Hidayat Putra, M.Pd_SitiAminah_2210128220002
Addressing the elephant in the middle: Implications of the midscale disagreement problem through the lens of Body-Object Interaction ratings
Authors: Paisios Dimitri , Nathalie HUET , Labeye Elodie
Published: June 2023

When participants disagree about their judgments on a Likert-type scale, the average rating will be naturally drawn towards its middle. The present work’s goal is to explore the implications of this midscale disagreement problem for psycholinguistic norms by using the literature on Body-Object Interaction (BOI) ratings as a case study. Through a series of graphical analyses, we argue that (i) the average rating of most midscale items cannot be interpreted as their true position on the variable’s continuum; (ii) other variables driving the disagreement in judgements can introduce an independent midscale effect in word processing performances; (iii) the typical sample sizes used by norming studies are likely insufficient to reliably detect disagreements and can lead to significant measurement error. A methodological review of studies on BOI’s effect in word processing reveals that most of them suffer from the midscale disagreement problem, either because of inadequate word sampling or statistical modelling. Whereas these observations provide initial clues for the interpretation and use of the ratings, it remains difficult to determine the full scope of the disagreement problem based only on the summary statistics reported by rating studies. To address this point, we present new BOI ratings for a set of 1019 French words which we use to perform item-level descriptive and exploratory analyses. Overall, the results confirm that unipolar Likert-type scale ratings such as BOI capture the dimension of interest mainly at the two ends of the scale, while they represent increasing disagreement among participants as they approach the middle. These observations provide initial best-practice recommendations for the use and interpretation of subjective variables. Our analyses can additionally serve as general guidelines to interpret similar ratings and to assess the validity of previous findings in the literature based on standard summary statics.
Metacognitive Monitoring and Control Processes Underlying Generation-Potentiated Learning
Authors: Alakbarova Durna , Peper Philip , Ball Hunter
Published: June 2023

The generation effect refers to the finding that self-generated material (e.g. h_rse) is better remembered than material that is passively read (e.g. horse). Using a two-block mixed-list paradigm, we replicate previous research showing that the recall advantage for generated words in the first block is attenuated in the second block (Experiment 1), suggesting that participants change processing strategies for read words in the second block (i.e., generation-potentiated learning). To assess metacognitive awareness of this effect, we measured immediate versus delayed judgments of learning (Experiment 2), restudy decisions (Experiments 3A and 3B), and study duration (Experiments 4A and 4B). The results showed a dissociable pattern, such that immediate measures were influenced by ease of processing (i.e., read items were given higher judgments of learning, chosen to restudy less often, and studied for less time) while delayed measures were influenced by ease of retrieval (i.e., generated items were given higher JOLs, chosen to restudy less often, and studied for less time). However, additional study of read words in the delayed condition did not eliminate the generation advantage in the first block, suggesting a labor-in-vain. These findings suggest that control decisions are more effective when based on information diagnostic of subsequent memory (i.e., ease of retrieval), but that generation-potentiated learning may not occur until after the first test.
No evidence that mental health problems in youth are due to disruption of the default mode network
Authors: Fried Eiko I
Published: June 2023

This is a commentary on a recent editorial in Current Psychiatry in with the editor makes a number of incorrect assertions regarding the default mode network and mental health in youth. The present commentary corrects these false claims.
REFORMA AGRÁRIA NO BRASIL: PROEMINÊNCIA DO MST NA MITIGAÇÃO DAS DISPARIDADES SOCIAIS NO CAMPO
Authors: de Oliveira Andrade Emanuel , da Silva Breno Nery
Published: June 2023

O presente estudo tem por finalidade elencar a significância da reforma agrária na atual conjuntura brasileira, tendo em vista a ótica plural a que essa sistemática pressupõe atrelada aos movimentos sociais que lutam pelo direito à terra. Dentre esses movimentos, o MST surge como peça fundamental que pavimenta a dissolução das injustiças sociais no campo, ou seja, esse grupo assume a prerrogativa de obtenção e divisão de terras que não cumprem a função social do solo, visando assim a conquista e a redistribuição dessas áreas que, por muito tempo, permanecem com débitos especulando apenas o valor financeiro de valia ao passar os anos contra os integrantes deste e demais siglas que batalham pela condição de produzir, comercializar e subsistir através do plantio. Além disso, cabe destacar que o MST possui uma agenda socioafirmativa, em que, as mulheres, negros e pessoas de diferentes sexualidades assumem postos de liderança, dialogo e prestigio, ou seja, o movimento é plural, progressista e tende a romper os padrões patriarcais ainda presentes na contemporaneidade.
Rozwiązywanie sporów z zakresu prawa własności intelektualnej na drodze mediacji i koncyliacji
Authors: Grzybczyk Katarzyna
Published: June 2023

Mediacje i koncyliacje, podobnie jak arbitraż, należą do alternatywnych metod rozwiązywania sporów, są jednak bardziej wymagające, gdyż zakładają współpracę skonfliktowanych stron w wypracowywaniu porozumienia. Zasadniczo metody te mogą znaleźć zastosowanie do rozwiązywania sporów w niemal każdym obszarze, jednak w niniejszym opracowaniu skupiono się jedynie na sporach z zakresu prawa własności intelektualnej z dwóch powodów. Po pierwsze jest to obszar, w którym stosunkowo rzadko sięga się po metody alternatywne przynajmniej w Polsce, choć są one promowane i zalecane przez World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) oraz Urząd Unii Europejskiej ds. Własności Intelektualnej (EUIPO). Być może przyczyną jest niska świadomość istnienia takich możliwości. Po drugie, planowana nowelizacja ustawy prawo własności przemysłowej wprowadza nowy instrument – koncyliację, warto więc nie tylko go opisać, ale także dokonać porównania z już uregulowanymi mediacjami. Wydaje się, że wybór metody rozstrzygania sporów dokonany przez ustawodawcę jest uzasadniony, chociaż bowiem używa się ogólnego sformułowania prawo własności intelektualnej, to różnice istniejące między prawem autorskim a prawem własności intelektualnej są ogromne. Z punktu widzenia tematu opracowania najważniejszy jest sposób powstania ochrony, który determinuje także swobodę stron w zakresie pozasądowego rozwiązywania sporów. Tam, gdzie prawo powstaje czy wygasa w drodze decyzji Urzędu Patentowego, ta swoboda jest mniejsza. Koncyliacje z udziałem specjalisty mają pomóc stronom w takim rozwiązaniu konfliktu, który uwzględnia te ograniczenia.
Heredamiento – umowa dziedziczenia czy hybryda umowy prawa spadkowego i rodzinnego
Authors: Lubaś Natalia
Published: June 2023

This article addresses the issues related to heredamiento - an agreement as to succession, characteristic of the Catalan legal system (Spain), the centuries-long functioning of which may be an inspiration for other legislators. The paper first attempts to locate this institution in the context of history and terminology. Further, it explains and describes the functioning of heredamiento in the provisions of Catalan law currently in force. The article then discusses the centuries-old location of this institution at the junction of succession law and family law. The paper also presents issues relating to the conflict of laws rules of private international law and the conflict of law rules of interregional law that are characteristic of the Spanish legal system. Therefore, introducing the reader to the institution of heredamiento, the author suggests that the Polish legislator should not cease looking for legal instruments adjusted and adapted to social realities, which would adequately protect the interests of both future decedents and heirs.
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM START ENGINE PADA SEPEDA MOTOR DENGAN METODE SIDIK JARI
Authors: Nugraha Eka Ria , Purnama Rachmat Adi , Setiawan Ade
Published: June 2023

Dalam perkembangan teknologi yang sangat pesat di zaman sekarang ini sangat dituntut untuk dapat memiliki kreatifitas dan inovasi yang tinggi. Kebutuhan manusia akan teknologi sudah sangat meningkat dan sangat ketergantungan. Teknologi yang di butuhkan harus mempunyai kecanggihan dan kemudahan. kriminalitas terhadap pencurian  kendaraan bermotor di Depok pada tahun 2020 hingga 2021 tercatat 310 kasus pencurian. Untuk mengurangi resiko terjadi nya kejahatan khususnya pada Sepeda motor di perlukan peningkatan keamanan pada kendaraan bermotor. Seiring dengan kemajuan teknologi terutama di bidang elektronika maka dirancang sebuah alat keamanan sepeda motor dimana alat tersebut akan dirancang menggunakan fingerprint agar tingkat keamanannya lebih tinggi. Sistem yang dibuat menggunakan fingerprint sebagai input untuk mendeteksi sidik jari dari pengguna sepeda motor.Sistem ini juga didukung dengan mikrokontroler sebagai otak untuk mengolah data dari fingerprint.Dan dari hasil yang didapat alat ini kemungkinan besar bisa mengurangi pencurian kendaraan bermotor.
An update on Nanoparticle Formulation Design of Piperine to Improve its Oral bioavailability: A Review
Authors: Nugroho Akhmad Kharis , Kusumorini Nindya , Pramono Suwijiyo , Martien Ronny
Published: June 2023

Piperine, a crystalline alkaloid compound isolated from Piper nigrum, piper longum, and other types of piper, has had many fabulous pharmacological advantages for preventing and treating some specific diseases, such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antimetastatic, antithyroid, immunomodulatory, antitumor, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, Alzheimer's, and improving the bioavailability of other drugs. However, its potential for clinical use through oral usage is hindered by water solubility and poor bioavailability. The low level of oral bioavailability is caused by low solubility in water and is photosensitive, susceptible to isomerization by UV light, which causes piperine concentration to decrease. Many different formulation approaches have been applied to improve the poor oral bioavailability of piperine. There have been oral formulation strategies that have been successfully implemented in increasing the solubility and bioavailability of piperine within the body, such as the formulation of nanoparticles, nanosuspensions, salt formation, liposomes, complexation using polymers, micro/nano-emulsions, and solid dispersions. This review presents a summary of piperine biopharmaceuticals, new formulation design approaches to improve oral bioavailability of piperine, and several techniques and methods for conducting selective and sensitive analysis of piperine in biological fluids.
Formulation and Assessment of Delayed/Slow-Release Diclofenac Sodium Edible Organogel Utilizing Low Molecular Weight Organogelators
Authors: Aziz Zahraa Yhaya , Mohsin Masar Basim , Jasim Marwa Hazim
Published: June 2023

Organogel as a system was to estimate its capacity to delay and slow the drug release in the duodenum. The gelators, 12HSA (12-hydroxystearic acid), span 60. span 40 were used; the castor oil (CO) and anise oil (AO) also represented the liquid phase. To achieve the goal of this work was by using diclofenac sodium (DS). Organogels specifications were by estimating thermal attitude using tabletop rheology and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The organogel strength study was by applying oscillatory rheology tests the amplitude sweep and the frequency sweep. Realizing the morphology of the organogel was done utilizing an optical microscope. CO and AO binding capacity was also manifested. The transition temperatures for all organogels were reversible. Imaging demonstrated spherulites aggregates for organogels of 12HSA and span 40 in CO and AO while span 60 organogels in both oils existed as fibers aggregates. Furthermore, organogels exhibited viscoelastic characteristics as 20 wt% 12HSA in both oils were frequency-independent. The results revealed that the HPMC capsule containing the organogel resisted the dissolution in the acidic media for two hours. Moreover, organogels slowed the release of DS for 24 hours in an alkaline medium. Finally, all the selected organogel in CO exhibited a high oil binding capacity.
Colorimetric Determination of Salbutamol Sulfate using Spectrophotometry-Continuous Flow Injection Technique in Pure and Pharmaceutical Forms
Authors: Al-Uzri Wasan Abdulamir , Mariam Jamal  , Hind Hadi
Published: June 2023

Simple, precise and economic batch and flow injection analysis (FIA)-spectrophotometric methods have been established for simultaneous determination of salbutamol sulfate (SLB) in bulk powder and pharmaceutical forms. Both methods based on diazotization coupling reaction of SLB with another drug compound (sulfadimidine) as a safe and green diazotization agent in alkaline medium. At 444 nm, the maximum absorption of the orange azo-dye product was observed. A thorough investigation of all chemical and physical factors was conducted for batch and FIA procedures to achieve high sensitivity. Under the optimized experimental variables, SLB obeys Beer’s law in the concentration range of 0.25-4 and 10-100 μg/mL with limits of detection of 0.09 and 2.51 μg/mL for batch and FIA procedures respectively. The low percentage relative standard deviation of less than 1% (n=5) for both methods confirmed the applicability of these methods. Using F and t tests, a statistical comparison of the recommended approaches with the standard spectrophotometric method revealed no significant differences in accuracy or precision.
Impact of omega 3 alone or in combination with irinotecan on bone marrow and spleen of rats: in vivo study
Authors: Radhi Alaa , Al-Shawi Nada , Hassan Ali
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objectives: The present study designed to explore the genotoxicity through measurement of Mitotic index in bone marrow and the spleen cells, as possible mechanism of bone marrow and spleen toxicity that induced by irinotecan; and to describe the protective actions of omega 3 against irinotecan induced genotoxicity in bone marrow and the spleen of rats.

Methods: Twenty four (24) rats (Sprague-Dawley) were randomly divided into four groups: Group Ӏ, rats  received single oral daily dose of distilled water (2 ml/kg) for 25 days (negative control group); Group ӀӀ (irinotecan-treated), received single daily oral dose of (2 ml/kg) distilled water for 25 days by the oral gavage and subsequently received irinotecan (50mg/kg) on days: 5, 10, 15 (total dose=150 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection; Group ӀӀӀ, received oral dose of Omega-3 fish oil (600mg/kg/day) daily for 25 successive days by oral gavage (Omega-3 fish oil-treated); Group ӀV (Omega-3 fish oil + irinotecan), received oral dose of Omega-3 fish oil (600mg/ kg/ day) given daily for 25 successive days by oral gavage, and received subsequently irinotecan (50mg / kg body weight) on days: 5, 10, 15 (total dose=150 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection.

Results: Mitotic index in the Bone Marrow and in the Spleen Cells were shown to be significantly decreased (p<0.05) in rats treated with irinotecan (group ІІ) compared to corresponding levels in the negative control group (Group I) of the rats; Orally administered Omega-3 fish oil with total cumulative dose of irinotecan (Group IV), resulted in significant elevation (P<0.05) of the Mitotic index in bone marrow and the spleen cells compared to corresponding levels in rats treated with irinotecan (group ІІ).

Conclusion: Results of current study suggested that the administration of Omega-3 fish oil could be useful supplements that may alleviate irinotecan induced genotoxicity through the elevation of mitotic indices in bone marrow and the spleen cells of the rats; but, in mild level.
Covid-19 Control Measures by some community Pharmacies in Sulaimani City/Iraq
Authors: Kawa A. Obeid
Published: June 2023

Background: Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has enormously affected various healthcare services including the one of community pharmacy. The ramifications of these effects on Iraqi community pharmacies and the measures they have taken to tackle the spread of COVID-19  is yet to be explored. In this cross sectional survey, infection control measures by community pharmacies in Sulaimani city/Iraq has been investigated.        
Methods: Community pharmacists were randomly allocated  to participate in a cross-sectional survey via visiting their pharmacies and filling up the questionnaire form.
 
Results and discussion: A total of 50 pharmacies responded to the survey. Results showed that large numbers of community pharmacies (50%) have started to implement infection control measures during May 2020, three months after reporting the first COVID-29 cases in Iraq. The data shows that wearing face masks and washing hands frequently were among the most common personal measures to curb the spread of the virus with 33% each. Results reveal that 70% of the pharmacies sanitized customer’s space on a daily base and more than half of the participants install 1 meter distance measures between the customers. Meanwhile, almost half of the community pharmacies reduced the number of front line staff into one, minimising the risk of contact with infectious customers. Upon having a staff member testing positive, testing or self-isolation on all other staff members were imposed by the participants.
Conclusion: Community pharmacists in Iraq were facing unprecedented challenge when coronavirus hit the country. Taking control measures by community pharmacies were of paramount significance to curb the spread of the virus in their working place and the community as well all these need a sophisticated plan in the future.
Evaluation the Effect of Phytosterol Fraction of Chenopodium Murale in Comparison with Tacrolimus on Mice Induced Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Hassan Zahra , Hassan Tuka , Abu- Raghif Ahmed
Published: June 2023

Atopic dermatitis (atopic eczema), is a common familial chronic inflammatory skin disease, determined by xerosis, itching, scaly and erythematous skin lesions, and high serum levels of IgE. Between 10 to 20% of children and 1 to 3% of adults worldwide affected by it and has negative medical and social effect on patients and their families. To evaluate the effectiveness of Phytosterol Fraction of Chenopodium Murale on induced atopic dermatitis (AD) of mice; Forty mice were included in the study, divided in to four groups (10 mice/group): apparently healthy, induced AD without treatment, induced AD treated with Tacrolimus 0.1% ointment, and induced AD treated with Phytosterol Fraction of Chenopodium Murale cream 3% topically. Examination of histopathology was done and skin homogenates levels also measured using Mann Whitney U test to determine meanSD. Levels of WBC, Eosinophil, skin tissue homogenate of IL-13 and IL-4, serum IgE, and histopathological scores were significantly increased among induced non treated AD group in comparison with control group. Comparisons of non-treated induced AD group with Chenopodium Murale or Tacrolimus treated groups; shows a significant reduction in the levels of all studied parameters’ (WBC, Eosinophil, skin tissue homogenate of IL4- and IL-13, serum IgE, observational severity score, and histopathological scores) after the application of Tacrolimus 0.1% ointment or Chenopodium Murale cream 3% topically. The comparison between the effect of topical application of tacrolimus and Phytosterol Fraction on the studied variables shows that the level of WBC and thickness of epidermis and inflammatory cells were significantly lower after tacrolimus treatment, while high significant reduction was founded in parakeratosis and score of observational severity among Chenopodium murale treated group in comparison with Tacrolimus treated group. In conclusion, the use of these therapeutic agents that target IgE, IL-4 and IL-13 could be promising in the treatment of AD.
Angélique
Authors: Gale Lorena
Published: June 2023

Caution: Copyright Lorena Gale 1999. This script is protected under the copyright laws of Canada and all other countries of the Copyright Union. Changes to the script are forbidden without the written consent of the author. Rights to produce, film or record in any medium, in any language, by any group, are retained by the author. The moral right of the author has been asserted. For copyright information contact Lorena Gale, 1855 Venables St., Vancouver, BC V5L 2H6. E-mail: lgale@intergate.bc.ca
Translating Metaphors from Québec to Kansas
Authors: Klein Jeanne
Published: June 2023

As a child growing up in Detroit, I always viewed (English) Canada more as a close, next door neighbour than as a distant, “foreign” country. So when I saw the Théâtre de la Marmaille (now Le Théâtre des Deux Mondes) perform Crying to Laugh at their us debut in my home town in 1984, I felt an immediate closeness. This is what children’s theatre ought to be, I thought, for they had captured the essence of what it means to be a child in an adult culture (see Klein, “Le Théâtre”). The fact that Monique Rioux played Mea (a linguistic play on the word “me”) only added to my feelings of intracultural connectedness, since Rioux is my Québec-born mother’s maiden name. When I visited Montreal for the first time the following year to explore my dormant Québécois roots through theatre, I felt an overwhelming, yet inexplicable, sensation of having arrived “home.” How could this be – moi, the incompetent French-speaking “foreigner” in this “separate and distinct society”?
The Political Spaces of Open City
Authors: Vachon Wolfgang
Published: June 2023

Open City Productions 2002 (OCP), founded in 1991, is a community arts organization based in Montreal. Initially doing cabarets for/by/with homeless people (mostly older men), OCP has evolved over the years into a multidisciplinary cross-cultural organization working increasingly with/by/for younger people. Our primary focus is encouraging the creative process of youth, often with people in transition, many of whom have been labelled – at risk, marginalized, street identified, displaced – and thus denied access to resources. The politics of change to which we subscribe is about creating access to resources – it is about demanding, and receiving, resources for people who are poor, who are living on the streets, who are in jails, hospitals, schools and elsewhere. We make spaces for expression, spaces that support the transformation process, allowing one to manifest the self in a non-judgmental environment. We do not direct, nor do we dictate – we facilitate. The art of which OCP is a part is not always pretty, is rarely seen on gallery walls and is usually done by people with little or no training; it does not fetch a huge price in the market. Our art is about change, about living inclusively, not making art about inclusivity.
Uncertain Sacrifice: Then and Now>
Authors: Crowder Eleanor
Published: June 2023

When we made it in 1992-1993, we thought of Uncertain Sacrifice as the start of something, a work in progress towards a really functioning youth theatre. From the vantage point of seven years, I’m now inclined to consider it a sort of golden age. Not only the show but Salamander Theatre came into being during the project, the culmination of an idea first sparked a decade earlier.
Uncertain Sacrifice
Authors: Burns Darwin , Ehrenworth Jessica , Green Cameron , Harper Rebecca , Hopkins Zoe , Langevin Marnie , Legris Shaune , Neufeld Eric , Pagani Justin , Tansey Claire , Wilcox Simon , Crowder Eleanor
Published: June 2023

Caution: Copyright Salamander Theatre. This script is protected under the copyright laws of Canada and all other countries of the Copyright Union. Changes to the script are forbidden without the written consent of the authors. Rights to produce, film or record in any medium, in any language, by any group, are retained by the authors. The moral right of the authors has been asserted. For copyright information and permissions please contact Salamander Theatre, 2 Daly Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1N 6E2.
The Economy versus God (Everything Comes with Fries)
Authors: Alcorn Emmy
Published: June 2023

Snow is forming in the air and flying into the windshield in front of me. Perhaps the snow is just drifting gently downward and the speed of my vehicle creates the illusion that the snow is involved in a frontal attack on my car. Nevertheless it is creating some visibility and traction challenges. Sometimes I think it waits until I am driving down Route 16 on my way from Guysborough to Halifax. I could predict the weather by the schedule in my day-timer. My bi-weekly three-hour trips (each way) to Halifax wreak havoc with storm systems. On one particular occasion, when I was running late, I brought on the storm of the century. That six-hour round trip turned out to be a two-day journey. And here I am again, three years before the end of the century, thinking I just might break that record.
RADIO :30
Authors: Earle Chris
Published: June 2023

Caution: Copyright Chris Earle. This script is protected under the copyright laws of Canada and all other countries of the Copyright Union. Changes to the script are forbidden without the written consent of the author. Rights to produce, film or record in any medium, in any language, by any group, are retained by the author. The moral right of the author has been asserted. For performance rights, contact the author c/o the night kitchen, 33 Hampton Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4K 2Y5.
Editorial
Authors: Knowles Ric , Shand Skip
Published: June 2023

Tours, remounts and co-productions constitute an increasing percentage of theatrical activity in Canada, cutting across traditional distinctions between commercial and not-for-profit theatre, professional, educational and “community” theatre, even regional, Regional, national and international theatrical production. At one end of the scale, large-scale commercial producers such as David Mirvish are remounting, co-producing and touring such successful shows as The Drawer Boy, Two Pianos, Four Hands and Zaidie’s Shoes, shows that have emerged from small, not-for-profit play-development houses such as Theatre Passe Muraille and Tarragon, or are arranging co-productions in advance with subsidized classical rep companies such as Soulpepper. In the mid-range, branch-plant “Regional” theatres such as the Vancouver Playhouse, Manitoba Theatre Centre and the National Arts Centre are meeting their budgets and fulfilling their mandates by collaborating on productions that are too big for one theatre to take on alone. From another angle, independent not-for-profit production companies such as Autumn Leaf Performance, da da kamera and Ex Machina are funding their work in advance by soliciting co-productions (leading to international tours) with companies, conglomerates and festivals across the country and overseas. Even small-scale, lowercase “regional” companies such as Nova Scotia’s Mulgrave Road Theatre and Theatre Antigonish are getting into the act by providing development opportunities to artists from elsewhere for the creation of new work while simultaneously enhancing the range of experiences available to their own audiences. Community theatres and summer festivals have also hopped on the co-production bandwagon: if you missed the show last week in Port Dover, you might catch it next week at another port down the road.
Views & Reviews
Authors: Graham Catherine
Published: June 2023

I’m pleased to start this section of Views and Reviews with a very strong statement that directly relates to the theme of this issue. Joanne Buckley, an avid theatre fan who is confined to a wheelchair as a result of cerebral palsy, has a lot to say about bodies on stage – both the super-abled and the disabled. Her comments remind us that the notion of “ability,” when applied to the body, must really be viewed as a continuum. Few of us in the audience are as able-bodied as the performers we see on stage, yet most of us revel in watching how performers use their bodies. Buckley helps us think through what may be going on here and asks all of us to think again about how audience members’ bodies are themselves engaged in the making of great theatre experiences.
The Ethnic Playwright’s Challenge
Authors: Chan Marty
Published: June 2023

Years ago, I remember the Pepsi challenge. This blind taste test asked Coke drinkers to distinguish their favourite pop from its arch-rival, Pepsi. Most times people couldn’t tell the difference. Without the benefit of labels, people thought the two colas tasted the same.
Simon Johnston: Two Cultures, One Vision
Authors: Lau Doretta , Wong-Chu Jim
Published: June 2023

“If you know two languages, then you have two truths because you have two ways of saying the same thing,” says Gateway Theatre’s Artistic Producer and General Manager Simon Johnston late in the interview. This astute point becomes more pertinent upon closer examination of Johnston’s personal experience and character. Johnston’s abridged biographical notes span a page; his career is long and storied. In addition to the theatre, where he has served as actor, director, playwright, producer and artistic director, he has taught at the University of Toronto, York University, Ryerson University, Sheridan College, Dalhousie University and the University of Waterloo. As well, he has written for CBC Television, CBC Radio, History Television and Vision TV. He estimates that he has directed 150 or 160 professional productions across Canada. Between dramatic projects, he completed a novel, Lion Dance (which he describes as “an early and very angry attempt at writing”), and a children’s book, A Song For Harmonica. He has written fourteen plays for stage and radio. As he puts it, the “Reader’s Digest” version of his biography is first and foremost a journey, chronicling the movement from his birthplace, Hong Kong, to Canada, down to the United States, back through Canada, with a return trip to Hong Kong before settling in Richmond, British Columbia, to helm the Gateway Theatre. It is a job that he refers to as “the best artistic director job in the country” because it allows him the freedom to explore issues relevant to himself and the surrounding community.
Kate Lynch’s All-Woman Dream
Authors: Mirrlees Tanner
Published: June 2023

In November 2001, I had the pleasure of seeing director Kate Lynch’s highly energetic production of Theatre Passe Muraille’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream. Lynch turned the performance convention of the Elizabethan stage (where men typically “played” women) upside down by staging her production of Shakespeare’s romantic comedy with a highly talented all-woman group of actors including Catherine Fitch, Diane Flacks, Ruth Madoc-Jones, Karen Robinsoon, Waneta Storms, Camille Stubel and Kristen Thompson.
« Dis, Blaise …» :The poème simultané according to Cartier
Authors: Arroyas Frédérique
Published: June 2023

Jazz musicians crossing boundaries between music, theatre and spoken word are rare. In general, musicians tend to shy away from speaking and acting. Apart from isolated incidents like New York pianist Cecil Taylor’s engagement in dance and poetic recitation during concerts or the antics of the Dutch ICP orchestra, most performers believe that on stage their music is sufficient. In Québec, the musicians grouped under the collective umbrella of musique actuelle, however, explicitly search out means to overstep the boundaries of traditional jazz in order to bring to the stage new intersections between creative sound and non-musical art forms. The very nature of musique actuelle is to maintain an open format in terms of musical genre (integrating jazz, electronics, noise etc.), instruments (traditional, forged or found objects) and creative process (composed or improvised music) with the implied objective that this music is actuelle (at the cutting-edge of culture in a general sense). Listening, reacting to their own social experiences, these musicians, over the years, have set out to redefine contemporary jazz. One of the ways they have done so is through a cross-fertilization with other art forms such as film, theatre, cabaret and dance.
Urjo Kareda and Emerging Playwrights: Seeding the Field, Cultivating the Roots
Authors: Rudakoff Judith
Published: June 2023

My first encounter with Urjo Kareda came just after I graduated from University of Toronto’s Graduate Centre for the Study of Drama with a PhD. My special field of study was contemporary Canadian theatre. Having spent the better part of the previous few years writing a dissertation about David French, Michel Tremblay, David Freeman and David Fennario, I decided that a logical career progression was for me to find work at Tarragon Theatre, given the involvement of Bill Glassco, the former Artistic Director of Tarragon, in the careers of three of these playwrights and their ongoing relationship with the theatre.
Our Man at the Star
Authors: Johnston Denis
Published: June 2023

Because of Urjo Kareda’s achievements as Artistic Director of Tarragon Theatre over the past twenty years, his earlier achievements as a critic have been almost forgotten. Younger members of the Canadian theatre community might be surprised to learn that Urjo first rose to public prominence through his position as lead theatre critic at The Toronto Star in the early seventies. By the time he was thirty, in fact, he had become perhaps the country’s most important cultural commentator, and his four-year reign at Canada’s largest newspaper, from 1971 to 1975, coincided with one of the most exciting growth spurts in the history of Canadian theatre.
Playwriting in Canadian Popular Theatre: Developing Plays with Actors and Ν on-actors
Authors: Jordão Ada
Published: June 2023

Playwriting in Canadian Popular Theatre“ is a sweeping title that immediately brings into question the term ”popular theatre“ and its elusive definition. I have to begin by agreeing with Raymond Williams that ”popular“ may be the most ”difficult term in cultural studies“ (Merkin). In this paper I do not seek a definition, but rather, to ”facilitate“ the term by discussing and documenting popular theatre creations that I have participated in as an actor and/or playwright and/or director. My subtitle, ”Developing Plays with Actors and Non-Actors,“ pays homage to the work of Augusto Boal, to his invaluable compendium of popular theatre games, and to the influence of Theatre of the Oppressed techniques in popular theatre playwriting (Boal). It also anticipates the actor/playwright duality that is predominant in popular theatre methodology, and the creation and development of plays.
Views & Reviews
Authors: Houston Andrew
Published: June 2023

In keeping with a central question in this issue concerning how new forms of theatre are developed in Canada, the following writings offer a glimpse of various strategies; some historical, relating to the body; some from outside theatre buildings and practices, yet entirely applicable to theatrical spectacle and a revision of narrative and documentation; some concerning racial identity and the question of dramaturgical form. Connecting this issue to the last, which started us down the path of examining Canadian plays, playwrights and ultimately the evolution of a good deal of contemporary dramaturgy in our country, Rachel Ditor’s view of the current scene in Vancouver is testimony to how a particular community is at its prime when infused with invention from many perspectives all at once. Overall it would seem that the recent publications, performances and even playwrights’ festivals reviewed here all demonstrate that there is a shift of focus in the new work, away from what might be considered the primacy of “text” toward something that might best be described as “experience.” The term “experience” is crucial because, as theorist David George reminds us, the word is etymologically derived from the French “to put to the test” (23). Thus, experience is an experiment, and the work discussed in the following pages affirm this; theatre can be more than just forms of representation attempting to depict a single reality – experienced as a reality in and of itself – theatre can be a series of experiments in creating alternative realities.
Afterword: The Uses of Theatrical Photographs
Authors: Lane Harry
Published: June 2023

In a forthcoming study of the relationship between theatrical photographs and the construction of theatre history, Barbara Hodgdon observes that
A Small Essay on the Largeness of Light
Authors: Moses Daniel David
Published: June 2023

We spend so much of our lives in darkness, we’re comfortable there, kids under covers. Even more so in the kind we create for the audience. And though lights may rise
Struggle to Success: Collective Drama on Anti-Bullying
Authors: Belliveau George
Published: June 2023

Bullying in schools continues to be a prevalent and complex challenge for administrators, teachers, parents and students. In her recent book The Bully, the Bullied, and the Bystander, Barbara Coloroso claims that “[t]housands of children go to school every day filled with fear and trepidation; others feign illness to avoid being taunted or attacked on the way to school or in the school yard, hallways, and bathrooms” (xvi). The consequences of bullying have led a number of victims to extreme measures, including suicide. To address the severity of bullying, a number of dramatic productions that deal with the issue have been produced, in different places in Canada, for school-aged audiences. A few recent examples include Don’t Say a Word, a collective drama on bullying, written by Vancouver teenagers and facilitated by David Diamond, at Headlines Theatre, in 2003; Theatre Direct Canada’s Ontario school tour, in 2003, of Maureen Hunter and Martha Brookes’ I met a Bully on the Hill; and Joan MacLeod’s The Shape of a Girl, which toured several Canadian cities between 2001 and 2003, with a number of performances attended by school groups. These represent but a few samples of the various Canadian productions addressing the issue of bullying.
Dramatic Instabilities: Diasporic Aesthetics as a Question for and about Nation
Authors: Walcott Rinaldo
Published: June 2023

Let’s begin with a major claim. Black Canadian theatre is forged and performed within the context of a diasporic sensibility and or consciousness. Thus, Black Canadian theatre sits somewhere between addressing its “nationally local” contexts and engaging in a much wider context: That wider context is the basis of what constitutes its diasporic aesthetics. So let’s make one further claim: Black Canadian theatre is centrally concerned with piecing together all of the ways in which diasporic expressions of Blackness can fashion a commentary on nationally local and global conditions. What I mean by this is that the form, the performance, the texture, the content, the gesture of Black Canadian theatre engages its nationally local and its wider context. In this essay I will probe a number of Black Canadian plays to demonstrate how the execution of those plays produce a diasporic sensibility and consciousness, and thus a diasporic aesthetic, and how those plays represent a dramatic instability for nationally local concerns by reaching beyond the nationally local, as well as speaking specifically and directly to the nationally local context in uncompromising fashion. The various moves or aesthetic practices that I attempt to map from these plays are what I call dramatic instabilities. These are not negative consequences of the plays; rather, they are dramatic in their demands for a more ethical constitution of the nationally local scene and of the conditions for making a life that is Black and liveable, both nationally and internationally.
Deep Dramaturgy: Excavating the Architecture of the Site-Specific Performance
Authors: Taylor Heidi
Published: June 2023

Four-hundred-and-fifty people have gathered in a sculpture court. Small folding stools on the perimeter of the spacefill quickly. I am whispering requests to the artistic staff and catching the cast’s eyes to let them know we are ready. H and Shannon are tied together with rope, back-to-back on a six-foot high platform. They are both tall, and one faint moment could send them both crashing into the marble floor. I check that the safety ladder is close to them and give the go to Joe and Jeff on sound and lights. Images floating around me cohere and break apart, like clouds or nebulae. The sinking of the Titanic is buoyed up by a tap dancer in flapper garb, glowing at the audience as she spins in double time. We are wrenched back into the modem world with a pulsating dance that all thirty-seven actors whip into, an accumulating, repetitive movement that surges through the space, till the fragile wooden plinths look in danger of toppling. After the frenzy, a meditative text on the idea of home, and a grand finale of Vegas dancers, who break down like wind-up toys, littering the stage with their peacock feathers as they die in a parody of Swan Lake. The final text – echoing over the dancers’ bodies, the stilled tableaux – is doubly resonant for the company members who know it is their last performance together.
Pure Research
Authors: Quirt Brian
Published: June 2023

Pure Research1 came out of a conversation I had with former Theatre Centre Artistic Director David Duclos in 1997. At the time, the Theatre Centre operated a program called R & D – research and development – which successfully generated a wide range of innovative new works. But the title was inaccurate. We did a lot of development, but did not really do any research; product was the goal of every process. So I asked how the program could accommodate the sort of research, for example, that a high-tech company conducts, which may or may not result in a new item on the shelves. What would a program dedicated solely to theatre research look like?