bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrating Microbiology into the Drigg Post-Closure Radiological Safety Assessment
Authors: Beadle I. , Humphreys P. N. , Pettit C. , Small J.
Published: May 2011

BNFL owns and operates the UK's principal solid Low Level Radioactive Waste disposal site at Drigg in Cumbria, north west England. Drigg has been receiving waste since 1959 with approximately 900,000 m3of waste disposed of to date. Waste accepted for disposal at Drigg comes in a variety of forms including rubble, spoil, redundant equipment, scrap and process waste, and typically contains significant metallic and cellulosic components. The organic content of the waste means that microbial activity plays a significant role in the development of the repository environment. Consequently, microbial processes are integrated into many aspects of the Drigg Post-Closure Radiological Safety Assessment (PCRSA). This begins with the identification and screening of relevant features, events and processes, through supporting research, engineering designs and finally integration into radiological safety assessment modelling. This paper outlines how and where microbiology is integrated into the Drigg PCRSA and indicates areas of active research.
A Study on Conditions for Microbial Transport through Compacted Buffer Material
Authors: Fukunaga  , Honya M. , Yokoyama E. , Arai K. , Mine T. , Mihara M. , Senju T.
Published: May 2011

In order to assess microbial transport through compacted buffer material consisting of bentonite and silica sand with a density of 1.2, 1.6 or 1.8 g/cm3, sterilized test pieces with the diameter of 50 mm and the depth of 25 mm were fed with bacteria, Escherichia coli. The bacteria freely diffused when the proportion of Na-bentonite was 20 wt% or that of Ca-bentonite was 50 wt%. Bacterial movement was less than 5 mm in three weeks when the proportion of Na-bentonite was 70-100 wt% or that of Ca-bentonite was 100 wt%. A high proportion of bentonite is essential to slow down microbial entrance to the surface of a nuclear-waste container.
Effects of Lichens on Uranium Migration
Authors: Kasama Takeshi , Murakami Takashi , Ohnuki Toshihiko , Purvis O. William
Published: May 2011

The lichenTrapelia involutafrom uraniferous spoil heaps in Cornwall, England, growing directly on the secondary uranium minerals, metazeunerite and metatorbernite, was examined by field-emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy to assess the effect ofTrapeliaon uranium migration. We observed metazeunerite, sericite and scorodite as well as unidentified Fe-, Pb/As-, Fe/As-, Al/P-, Pb-bearing minerals concentrated in the lichen exciple and medulla. In addition, metazeunerite also occurred in the epithecium. The chemistries, sizes, and occurrences of the above minerals in the lichen suggest that fixation of U as well as Pb, As, Fe, and Al is dependent on lichen physiological processes. We suggestTrapeliaaccumulates these elements from groundwater and precipitates the above minerals within specific tissues. Our results indicate that some lichens retard uranium migration by accumulating uranium from groundwater and forming uranium-bearing minerals within their tissues.
Enthalpies of Formation of Gd2(Ti2-xZrx)O7 Pyrochlores
Authors: Helean K.B. , Begg B.D. , Navrotsky A. , Ebbinghaus B. , Weber W.J. , Ewing R.C.
Published: May 2011

A calorimetric investigation of the enthalpies of formation of Gd2(Ti2-xZrx)O7, where 0≤ × ≤ 2 is underway. All samples exhibit pyrochlore (Fd3m) peaks in their XRD patterns. However, where x=2 significant local disorder is observed in the Raman spectra. Preliminary data for the enthalpies of formation from the oxides in kJ/mol are: x=0, ΔHf = -113.4±2.7; x=0.5, ΔHf = -94.0±3.0; x=1.0, ΔHf = -74.2±4.9; x=1.5, ΔHf = -64.5±2.0; x=2, ΔHf = -52.2±4.8. Two additional samples, Gd1.80Zr2.15O7.00 (pyrochlore) and Gd2.15Zr1.87O7.00 (fluorite), were also studied. Their enthalpies of formation from the oxides in kJ/mole are -50.9±3.3 and -46.4±3.4 respectively. Replacing Ti with Zr, i.e. when x=2, destabilizes the pyrochlore in enthalpy by approximately 60 kJ/mol. The ΔHmix for the Gd2(Ti2-xZrx)O7 solid-solution series is positive and can be described by a regular solution formalism with an estimated interaction parameter, ŝ = +20 kJ/mol. The results of this study suggest that the pyrochlore to fluorite transition enthalpy in Gd2Zr2O7 is small, of the order of the configurational entropy contribution due to cation disorder at the transition temperature, TΔSconf. ≍ 10 kJ/mol.
SR 97: Post-Closure Safety for a KBS 3 Deep Repository for Spent Nuclear Fuel - Overview -
Authors: Hedin Allan , Kautsky Ulrik , Morén Lena , Selroos Jan-Olof , Sellin Patrik , Ström Anders , Papp Tönis
Published: May 2011

In preparation for coming site investigations for siting of a deep repository for spent nuclear fuel, the Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company, SKB has carried out the long- term safety assessment SR 97, requested by the Swedish Government. The repository is of the KBS-3 type, where the fuel is placed in isolating copper canisters with a high-strength cast iron insert. The canisters are surrounded by bentonite clay in individual deposition holes at a depth of 500 m in granitic bedrock. Geological data are taken from three sites in Sweden to shed light on different conditions in Swedish granitic bedrock.

The future evolution of the repository system is analyzed in the form of five scenarios. The first is a base scenario where the repository is postulated to be built entirely according to specifications and where present-day conditions in the surroundings, including climate, persist. The four other scenarios show the evolution if the repository contains a few initially defective canisters, in the event of climate change, in the event of earthquakes, and in the event of future inadvertent human intrusion.

The principal conclusion of the assessment is that the prospects of building a safe deep repository for spent nuclear fuel in Swedish granitic bedrock are very good. The results of the assessment also serve as a basis for formulating requirements and preferences regarding the bedrock in site investigations, for designing a program for site investigations, for formulating functional requirements on the repository's barriers, and for prioritization of research.
SR 97: Hydromechanical Evolution in a Defective Canister
Authors: Sellin Patrik
Published: May 2011

This paper describes the modelling of the hydromechanical evolution of a nuclear waste canister with an initial defect. The waste canister in the Swedish concept consists of a corrosion- resistant copper shell that covers a cast iron insert that provides mechanical strength.

If there is an initial penetrating defect in the copper shell, water will be able to contact the insert. Ingress of water is a prerequisite for corrosion of the iron insert, which in turn gives rise to production of hydrogen gas. Water is also a prerequisite for corrosion of the fuel assembly's metal parts, fuel dissolution and radionuclide transport. Due to the fact that the corrosion processes both consume water and generate hydrogen, strong couplings exist between the chemical and the hydraulic evolution, which must therefore be described in a coupled context. Certain aspects of the mechanical evolution must also be dealt with in parallel with the hydrochemical processes.
Thermal Considerations in a Very Deep Borehole Nuclear Waste Repository for Synroc
Authors: Sizgek G.D.
Published: May 2011

A study of heat propagation in a very deep borehole radioactive waste repository for Synroc is presented. The deep borehole modeled for the high level wastes is hypothetically sited at approximately 4 km below ground level in a granite host rock. The high level waste containers are placed in the lower section of the borehole to within 1.5 km of the surface and backfilled. A geothermal gradient of 0.03°C/m is assumed. Transient temperature field calculations are carried out for both 20 wt% and 10 wt% high level radioactive waste (HLW) bearing Synroc, for cooling periods between reactor discharge and geological disposal varying from 5 years to 50 years. The temperatures in the borehole repository were found to be very sensitive to the surface cooling period as well as the waste loading. The initial heat input of the waste may be controlled by cooling in an interim storage until the total heat output is reduced to a suitably low level. Therefore, surface cooling of at least 15 years for 20 wt% HLW containing Synroc is necessary for the given deep bore hole configuration to avoid the centerline temperatures that might affect durability of Synroc if ground water obtained access to the waste form. On the other hand the corresponding minimum surface cooling period for 10 wt% HLW containing Synroc is predicted to be about 5 years to produce similar temperature profiles in the borehole to those of 20 wt% HLW bearing Synroc with a 15-year cooling period before disposal. A variation in the borehole diameter has also been performed to elucidate the sensitivity of the temperature field of the repository.
Progress in the Geomicrobiology of Radioactive Waste Disposal
Authors: West J. M. , McKinley I. G.
Published: May 2011

Over the past 20 years, radioactive waste microbiology has included a variety of analyses of disposal options for High Level (HLW) and Low/Intermediate Level (L/ILW) waste. Projects have covered a wide range of areas including: fundamental microbiology of geological formations; microbial tolerance to extreme conditions; biodegradation of repository materials and the interaction of radionuclides with microbes and their by-products. The work has included field sampling, laboratory studies, natural analogue investigations and development of mathematical models. Progress in the topic is considered by evaluating each part of the repository system in terms of microbial presence, possible microbial influence on the performance of the engineered and natural barriers, and how such influences can be quantified. From this perspective, priorities for future work in this area are identified.
Repository Design Optimization for Long-Lived ILW
Authors: McKinley I.G. , Kawamura H. , Neall F.B. , Ando K.
Published: May 2011

From the point of view of clear demonstration of long-term safety, some of the long-lived intermediate-level wastes (ILW) are probably the most challenging of all waste types. Repository concepts for such wastes are reviewed with respect to optimization of operational procedures, post-closure performance, ease of making the safety case and costs. In particular, the advantages of designs incorporating a hydraulic cage and partitioning of wastes with different properties are discussed.
Grimsel 2000 – Status of International Projects at the Grimsel Test Site (GTS)
Authors: Kickmaier W. , Alexander W. R. , Vomvoris S. , McKinley I.G.
Published: May 2011

During 17 years of cooperation, the Grimsel underground test site in the Swiss Alps has become established as a major center for study of the deep geological environment. The present Phase V of operation involves collaboration of 15 organizations from 9 countries.

The 7 major projects currently running can be divided into 3 areas:

- Confirmation of fundamental understanding and testing of models of processes identified to be significant in integrated performance assessment

- Demonstration and optimization of site characterization technology

- Demonstration of the technology for constructing and operating a deep repository in an efficient and quality assured manner.

This sub-division of projects is somewhat simplistic as, wherever possible, large, long- running experiments are designed to achieve a number of goals. The paper will provide a summary of some projects running at Grimsel, an overview of the rationale behind the experimental concepts and a perspective on possible future work.
Alteration Features in Natural Zirconolite from Carbonatites
Authors: Williams C.T. , Bulakh A.G. , Gieré R. , Lumpkin G.R. , Mariano A.N.
Published: May 2011

In nature, zirconolite occurs as an accessory mineral in many different rock types, but the majority of reported occurrences are from carbonatites (magmatic carbonates) of geological age varying from a few million years to 2 billion years old. Within these 19 carbonatite occurrences, of which 15 have been studied in some detail, zirconolite displays varying degrees of alteration in six samples. This alteration ranges from incipient minor effects to major corrosion, recrystallization and complete replacement by secondary phases. The degree of alteration broadly correlates with either the age, or actinide content of the zirconolite (or both), and thus the extent and degree of metamictization. Changes in zirconolite composition with alteration include an increase in hydration (H2O), Si, Ba and Pb (possibly radiogenic in origin), and a decrease primarily in Ca and Fe. Th can be remobilized, and of the rare earth elements (REE), there is evidence that the heavy-REE are mobilized more readily than the light-REE. Using backscattered electron images and electron microprobe analyses, this study documents and illustrates the range of alteration features observed in zirconolite from several carbonatites, in terms of both compositional and textural changes, and provides some physico-chemical information on the fluids responsible for the alteration.
Galena Crystallization and the Origin of Sulfur in the Oklo and Bangombé Natural Reactors: The Effects of a ca. 900 Ma Thermal Event
Authors: Zetterström Lena , Sunde Torbjörn
Published: May 2011

Galena in the ca. 1950 Ma old natural fossil fission reactors in Gabon crystallized sometime between 980 Ma and 750 Ma during a period of regional extension and the intrusion of a dolerite dyke swarm. The S isotopic composition of galena, containing radiogenic Pb from uraninite, gives information about the origin of the S. Results from ion microprobe analyses of galena from the reactor zones indicate that S mainly originates from the surrounding sediment. Galena in a thin, altered dolerite dyke also contains non-magmatic S. The presented data gives no positive evidence for the involvement of magmatic S during the ca. 900 Ma galena crystallisation, however, the possibility cannot be ruled out.
Sorption Behavior of Radionuclides on Calcium-Leached Mortar
Authors: Ashikawa Nobuo , Tajima Takatoshi , Saito Hiroshi , Fujiwara Ai
Published: May 2011

Low-level radioactive waste (LLRW) is disposed of by shallow land burial. Reinforced concrete is used as the radioactive waste repository. However, the concrete structure is in contact with water and will gradually degrade over an extended period of time due to leaching.

It is important to investigate the interaction between radionuclides and degraded concrete in the safety assessment of nuclear waste disposal. The authors measured the distribution coefficients (Kd) of various radionuclides for calcium-leached mortars. The calcium-leached mortars were prepared by an accelerated leaching test for mortar based on the electrical potential gradient. These degraded conditions are similar to that of degraded concrete in contact with water for a long period of time. The degradation degree of calcium-leached mortar is evaluated by the CaO/SiO2molarratio (Ca/Si ratio) of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H).

As a result, the relationship between Kd and the Ca/Si ratio in C-S-H can be roughly grouped into the following three types:

1.137Cs and85Sr – Kd decreases with an increase in the Ca/Si ratio.

2.95mTc and110mAg – There is no correlation between Kd and the Ca/Si ratio.

3.14C,241Am and125I – Kd increases with an increase in the Ca/Si ratio.
The Labor Supply Consequences of Employment-Limiting Social Insurance Benefits: New Tests for Income Effects
Authors: Hyatt Henry R
Published: May 2011

Studies of moral hazard in employment-limiting social insurance programs such as Unemployment Insurance or Workers Compensation have demonstrated that higher benefits discourage work, emphasizing the price distortion inherent in benefit provision. Utilizing administrative data linking Workers’ Compensation claim records to wage records from an Unemployment Insurance payroll tax database, I explore a different explanation and implement tests for “income effects” that exploit the fact that claimants no longer experience a distorted price of non-employment after an employment-limiting benefit ends. A pair of legislative changes to a Workers’ Compensation benefit rate show little or no evidence of income effects and moderate evidence of income effects, respectively.
Small Fish Become Big Fish: Mergers in Stackelberg Markets Revisited
Authors: Brito Duarte , Catalão-Lopes Margarida
Published: May 2011

This paper analyzes, under convex costs, the price effects of mergers involving two Stackelberg followers that together become a leader and revisits the “merger paradox” and the insiders' dilemma. Contrary to what might be expected, prices are more likely to increase with cost convexity than with linear costs. Also, the incentive to free-ride may reappear.
Effects of heat transfer and viscous dissipation on MHD free convection flow past an exponentially accelerated vertical plate with variable temperature
Authors: Kishore Perugu Mohana , Rajesh Vemula , Varma S.V.K.
Published: May 2011

The unsteady free convection flow of an incompressible viscous fluid past an exponentially accelerated vertical plate is analyzed by taking into an account the heat due to viscous dissipation under the influence of a uniform transverse magnetic field. The problem is governed by coupled non-linear partial differential equations. Dimensionless equations of the problem have been solved numerically by the implicit finite difference method of Crank – Nicolson’s type. The effect of magnetic parameter M, Grashof number Gr, Eckert number E, time and an acceleration parameter a on velocity and temperature fields are investigated through graphs. Skin friction coefficient is derived, discussed numerically and presented through a table.DOI: 10.3329/jname.v7i2.4370
Induced magnetic field with radiating fluid over a porous vertical plate: analytical study
Authors: Ahmed Sahin
Published: May 2011

The objective of this investigation is to study the influence of thermal radiation and magnetic Prandtl number on the steady MHD heat and mass transfer by mixed convection flow of a viscous, incompressible, electrically-conducting, Newtonian fluid which is an optically thin gray gas over a vertical porous plate taking into account the induced magnetic field. The similarity solutions of the transformed dimensionless governing equations are obtained by series solution. It is found that, velocity is reduced considerably with a rise in conduction-radiation parameter (R) or Hartmann number (M) whereas the skin friction is found to be markedly boosted with an increase in M or Magnetic Prandtl number (Pm). An increase in magnetic body parameter (M) or Magnetic Prandtl number (Pm) is found to escalate induced magnetic field whereas an increase in R is shown to exert the opposite effect. Applications of the study include laminar magneto-aerodynamics, materials processing and MHD propulsion thermo-fluid dynamics.DOI: 10.3329/jname.v7i2.5662
Biological Activity Study on a Malvaceae Plant: Bombax ceiba
Authors: Islam M. K. , Chowdhury J. A. , Eti I. Z.
Published: May 2011

The work described in this paper details the biological investigation on Bombax ceiba, species of Malvaceae. The methanol crude extract of Bombax ceiba was fractionated with kupchan method and n-hexane, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform fraction were made for  screening the antimicrobial and antitumor potentials using disc diffusion method and brine shrimp lethality bioassay respectively. An established antibiotic (kanamycin, 30µg/disc) and cytotoxic agent (vincristine sulphate) were used to compare the results. From the graphs the concentration of methanolic crude extract give LC50 (50% mortality) value of 3.90mg/ml. LC90 was also determined from the graph to establish the therapeutic index and the value was found 150.0mg/ml. The four fractions were assayed for antimicrobial screening and the carbon tetrachloride fraction showed most prominent zone of inhibition against a number of bacterial and fungal strains.Keywords: Bombax ceiba; Brine shrimp lethality bioassay; Disc diffusion method.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i2.5162                J. Sci. Res. 3 (2), 445-450 (2011)
Simulation of a Heavy Rainfall Event on 14 September 2004 over Dhaka, Bangladesh Using MM5 Model
Authors: Ahasan M. N. , Chowdhury Dr. M. A. M. , Quadir D. A.
Published: May 2011

An attempt has been made to simulate a heavy rainfall event on 14 September 2004 over Dhaka, Bangladesh using the fifth-generation PSU/NCAR Mesoscale model (MM5). This was an extraordinary rainfall event and recorded 341 mm rainfall in 24-h which was the highest ever recorded. The MM5 model was run on triple-nested domains at 45, 15, 5 km horizontal resolutions using Anthes-Kuo cumulus  scheme. The model performance was evaluated by examining the different predicted parameters like mean sea level pressure, upper and lower level circulations, moisture, windshear, vorticity, convergence and rainfall. The model derived rainfall was compared with TRMM rainfall. The present results indicate that the MM5 model with the right combination of the nesting domain, horizontal resolution and cumulus scheme was able to simulate the heavy rainfall event, and associated dynamical and thermo-dynamical features reasonably well. The MM5 model suggested that the highly localized heavy rain over Dhaka was the result of an interaction of the monsoon land depression with southwest summer monsoon weather systems. The analysis shows that the depression almost remains stationary over southwest Bangladesh and zone of heavy rain was laid over Dhaka, and required moisture have been supplied from the Bay of Bengal.Keywords: Depression; Heavy rainfall; TRMM; MM5 model; High resolution.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i2.6656                 J. Sci. Res. 3 (2), 261-270 (2011)
Fabrication and Characterization of Jute Fiber Reinforced Low Density Polyethylene Based Composites: Effects of Chemical Treatment
Authors: Miah M. J. , Khan M. A. , Khan R. A.
Published: May 2011

Jute fiber reinforced low density polyethylene (LDPE) composites (10-30% fiber, by weight) are prepared by compression molding. Tensile strength (TS), bending strength (BS) and bending elongation (BE) of the composites are increased over LDPE.  Jute fiber is treated with monomer (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, HEMA) along with two different initiators in methanol solvent. Jute fibers are soaked with 10% HEMA+2% Irgacure-184 (F1-Formulation) and 3% HEMA+2% benzol peroxide (F2-Formulation) and dried at 80ºC for 2 hours then composites are fabricated by compression molding. It is found that due to chemical treatment of the jute fibers, a significant improvement of the mechanical properties of the composites are happened (56% TS, 30% BS and 35% BE) compared to the LDPE. 3%HEMA+2% benzol peroxide treated jute composites found better mechanical properties compared to 10%HEMA+2% Irgacure-184 treated jute composites. Dielectric constant and loss tangent of the composites are increased with increasing temperature up to a transition temperature and then decreased, finally reached to plateau. Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) analysis of the fracture side of the composites are carried out and supported better fiber-matrix adhesion due to the chemical treatment.Keywords: Jute fiber; Polyethylene; Composite; Tensile strength; Bending strength; Dielectric constant; Loss tangent.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i2.6763               J. Sci. Res. 3 (2), 249-259 (2011)
Antitumor Activity of Diospyros peregrina on Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma in Mice
Authors: Raju A. B. , Y Venu Gopal , A Ravindranath , G Kalpana , V Prabhakar Reddy
Published: May 2011

The methanol extract of Diospyros peregrina (Ebenaceae) bark (MEDP) were evaluated for antitumor activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)-bearing swiss albino mice. The extract was administered at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight per day for 14 days after 24 h of tumor inoculation. After the last dose and 18 h fasting, the mice were sacrificed. The present study deals with the effect of MEDP on the growth of transplantable murine tumor, life span of EAC-bearing hosts and hematological profile  MEDP caused significant (P < 0.01) decrease in tumor volume, packed cell volume, and viable cell count; and it prolonged the life span of EAC-tumor bearing mice. Hematological profile converted to more or less normal levels in extract-treated mice. The results indicate that MEDP exhibited significant antitumor activity in EAC-bearing mice. Keywords: Diospyros peregrina; Ehrlich ascites carcinoma; Antitumor. © 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i2.6787                J. Sci. Res. 3 (2), 413-419 (2011)
Prediction Models for the Elastic Modulus of Fiber-reinforced Polymer Composites: An Analysis
Authors: Islam M. A. , Begum K.
Published: May 2011

An analysis has been done on the existing models for the prediction of the elastic modulus of fiber-reinforced polymer composites (FRPC). The experimental data reported in different specialized research journals have been fitted to the models. It is found the theoretical models such as the Parallel, Series and Halpin-Tsai model, by no means, predict the modulus within an acceptable deviation factor of 0.1. The semi-empirical models such as modified Halpin-Tsai and Bowyer-Bader model, which have one adjustable parameter, and are expressed in terms of volume fraction describe the modulus satisfactorily. In this paper, a mass fraction based model with one adjustable parameter is proposed, which also describe the modulus successfully. The proposed model, being mass fraction-based, is more convenient to work with than any volume-fraction based model, and unlike all other models (theoretical and semi-empirical), it has the potentials to have practical applications in structural material design.Keywords: Fibers; Polymer-matrix composites (PMCs); Short-fiber composites; Mechanical properties;   Prediction model.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i2.6881                J. Sci. Res. 3 (2), 225-238 (2011)
Variation in intra‐annual radial growth (xylem formation) of Picea mariana (Pinaceae) along a latitudinal gradient in western Quebec, Canada
Authors: Huang Jian‐Guo , Bergeron Yves , Zhai Lihong , Denneler Bernhard
Published: May 2011

• Premise of the study: Climate warming might have resulted in altered initiation and termination dates of stem xylem growth in boreal stands. A systematic understanding of intra‐annual xylem formation is thus needed for precise simulation of future growth in the context of sustainable forest management.

• Methods: A recently developed novel microsampling approach was employed over two growing seasons (2005–2006) to investigate the intra‐annual stem xylem formation of Picea mariana at three sites along a latitudinal gradient (approximately 47.5–50°N) in western Quebec, Canada. The critical timings of xylem cell formation were determined and compared among sites/years. The relationships between xylem cell formation and meteorological variables were examined.

• Key results: From south to north, the onset of xylem cell production was detected on 20 May (SD ±3) at Angliers, 24 May (SD ±3) at Chicobi and 24 May (SD±4) at Muskuchii in 2005, and on 12 May (SD ±4) at Angliers, 14 May (SD ±3) at Chicobi and 20 May (SD ±3) at Muskuchii in 2006, respectively. Xylem cell production at each respective site terminated on 11 August (SD ±4), 7 August (SD ±3), and 7 August (SD ±4) in 2005, and on 8 August (SD ±4), 4 August (SD ±4), and 4 August (SD ±4) in 2006, respectively.

• Conclusion: Our study implies that despite the expected occurrence of earlier phenological development due to early spring climate warming, boreal trees like P. mariana might not be producing wider rings if cold temperatures occur later in the growing season in June to August. These results may challenge the view that boreal trees could be benefiting from spring warming to enhance growth.
Inferring microhabitat preferences ofLilium catesbaei(Liliaceae)
Authors: Sommers Kristen Penney , Elswick Michael , Herrick Gabriel I. , Fox Gordon A.
Published: May 2011

•Premise of the study:Microhabitat studies use varied statistical methods, some treating site occupancy as a dependent and others as an independent variable. Using the rareLilium catesbaeias an example, we show why approaches to testing hypotheses of differences between occupied and unoccupied sites can lead to erroneous conclusions about habitat preferences. Predictive approaches like logistic regression can better lead to understanding of habitat requirements.

•Methods:Using 32 lily locations and 30 random locations >2 m from a lily (complete data: 31 lily and 28 random spots), we measured physical conditions—photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), canopy cover, litter depth, distance to and height of nearest shrub, and soil moisture—and number and identity of neighboring plants. Twelve lilies were used to estimate a photosynthetic assimilation curve. Analyses used logistic regression, discriminant function analysis (DFA), (multivariate) analysis of variance, and resampled Wilcoxon tests.

•Key results:Logistic regression and DFA found identical predictors of presence (PAR, canopy cover, distance to shrub, litter), but hypothesis tests pointed to a different set (PAR, litter, canopy cover, height of nearest shrub). Lilies are mainly in high‐PAR spots, often close to light saturation. By contrast, PAR in random spots was often near the lily light compensation point. Lilies were nearSerenoa repensless than at random; otherwise, neighbor identity had no significant effect.

•Conclusions:Predictive methods are more useful in this context than the hypothesis tests. Light availability plays a big role in lily presence, which may help to explain increases in flowering and emergence after fire and roller‐chopping.
Microsatellite markers of an important medicinal plant, Eurycoma longifolia (Simaroubaceae), for DNA profiling
Authors: Tnah Lee Hong , Lee Chai Ting , Lee Soon Leong , Ng Kevin Kit Siong , Ng Chin Hong , Hwang Siaw San
Published: May 2011

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers of an important medicinal plant, Eurycoma longifolia (Simaroubaceae), were developed for DNA profiling and genetic diversity studies.

• Methods and Results: Eighteen polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed for E. longifolia. The primers were designed from a genomic library enriched for dinucleotide (CT) repeats and screened on 32 samples from a natural population. The number of alleles detected per locus ranged from four to 16, while the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.097 to 0.938. No significant deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was detected in all the 18 loci, and no linkage disequilibrium was found between these loci after conservative Bonferroni correction.

• Conclusions: The 18 microsatellite markers of E. longifolia are highly polymorphic and informative. These markers would serve as an important tool for DNA profiling and genetic diversity studies.
Le travail de composition dans les consultations avec des adolescents
Authors: Melo Ignacio
Published: May 2011

Résumé Je décris dans cet article ma pratique de la consultation thérapeutique avec les adolescents, l’explicitant à travers quatre extraits d’entretiens, après une réflexion de certains auteurs qui m’ont aidé à la penser. Je parle des conditions qui président la communication avec mon patient, particulièrement l’identification narcissique. Le point central de ma technique est ce que j’appelle le travail de composition, ainsi défini : Le travail de composition est une mise en récit d’éléments divers, parfois inconscients, le plus souvent préconscients et manifestes. Il met en lien, aussi, les différents régimes de fonctionnement. Création de la séance, ses constituants viennent indistinctement de la présentation du patient ou de la pensée de l’analyste. Ce dernier prend en charge la narration sur un mode propositionnel, dit la souffrance autrement que de manière symptomatique et ne vise pas une vérité profonde. Sur un plan concret cela signifie qu’il doit être prêt à l’abandonner, si le patient la juge déplacée ou inutile. Son caractère explicatif est porteur de sens, mais n’est pas nécessairement une hypothèse causale et peut prendre la forme de la mise en scène d’un conflit, ou de la formulation d’un paradoxe. La composition est un récit qu’on peut réécrire à l’infini, si besoin. Elle est aussi une proposition d’un mode de fonctionnement : des expériences variées, source de douleur ou de joie, parfois contradictoires, voire paradoxales, peuvent se dire à travers une narration. Et l’analyste invite le patient à devenir lui-même compositeur , et, ce faisant, en éprouver un soulagement ou, même, du plaisir. Dans ce sens, la composition est un instrument de transformation. Je termine en précisant que ce travail doit conduire à une déconstruction des fonctionnements gênants, source de souffrance et empêchant le développement psychique.
L'adolescent a-t-il changé ? Nous avons changé
Authors: Richard François
Published: May 2011

Résumé Cet article envisage la spécificité des actuelles pathologies adolescentes (fonctionnements en processus primaires sans limites, externalisation des conflits intrapsychiques, recours à l’agir, à la violence et à l’excitation auto-calmante) du point de vue de la complexité de la Psyché , susceptible de combiner conflit pulsionnel œdipien et problématique de l’archaïque. Ce sont les modalités du travail analytique qui doivent être interrogées. Des hypothèses sur la rencontre intersubjective en séance, ainsi que sur un nécessaire dépassement de l’opposition narcissisme/relation d’objet, sont proposées en direction d’une pensée de l’altérité.
Thomas et l'infini
Authors: Imhof Anouk
Published: May 2011

Résumé L’adolescence, période propice aux passages à l’acte du fait des remaniements internes et externes du sujet, est une période de paradoxes : besoin d’autonomie et de dépendance, activité et passivité. Il est ainsi difficile pour certains adolescents d’être à l’origine d’une demande de soin qui les place dans une position de dépendance envers l’adulte-thérapeute. Les traitements ordonnés de justice, l’une des mesures protectrices à la disposition des juges pour mineurs, permettent d’obliger l’adolescent à suivre un traitement psychique. L’article discute la place de cette mesure dans les prises en soins à l’aide d’une vignette clinique qui concerne un adolescent de quinze ans, pris dans une relation symbiotique à sa mère, victime de violences physiques de la part de son père dans son enfance et qui, après s’être montré violent à l’égard de sa mère, menace de tuer l’assistante sociale qui a ordonné son placement dans un foyer. Le traitement ordonné de justice à l’adolescence : entre contrainte et étayage ?
Comprendre la vie et la mort
Authors: Monniello Gianluigi
Published: May 2011

Résumé L’auteur propose quelques pistes de réflexion sur le mystère et le phénomène de la mort. Il convient en effet de distinguer, comme l’auraient fait les Romains, le mortalis , le moribundus , le morien s et le mortuus . Cette distinction est essentielle pour permettre d’organiser la recherche sur le lien intime entre la conception, l’originaire et « la peur antique ». Se fondant également sur une expérience clinique, l’auteur signale que le concept d’identification primaire est essentiel pour lire analytiquement l’activité psychique spécifique que l’on appelle travail du trépas. Le mourant tend en effet à former avec la personne qui prend soin de lui, dernier dépositaire du transfert, une dernière dyade, dans le sillage de la relation précoce avec sa mère.
Paradoxes en métamorphose
Authors: Gutton Philippe
Published: May 2011

Résumé La métamorphose instaure une contradiction paradoxale entre originalité et programme, « hasard et nécessité », désordre et ordre, différence et similitude, sujet et assujettissement, ouvrant une réflexion entre sublimation et emprise. Paradoxal est également son déroulement dans le temps , car l’illusion pubertaire est créatrice dans la mesure de son oscillation avec la désillusion. Reprenant l’adage fondamental de R. Kaës dont on ne saurait négliger la paradoxalité : « Le sujet est d’abord un inter-sujet », la métamorphose pubertaire est de façon exemplaire celle de l’inter-sujet, elle inclut en sa procédure même l’autre. Pas de changement structural solitaire. Le pubertaire n’est pas une (re)trouvaille de l’objet mais une révélation de l’altérité génitale. Le « contrat métamorphosique » s’élargit singulièrement lorsqu’il désigne la création en mouvement d’un lien entre sujet et société, individu et ensemble, discours singulier et référent culturel.
Création, sublimation, idéalisation
Authors: Lekeuche Philippe
Published: May 2011

Résumé Dans le présent article, l’auteur examine ce qu’il en est du processus de création (poétique) du point de vue de la psychanalyse (des pulsions, donc), de la phénoménologie et de l’esthétique. Il délimite et différencie trois notions que l’on retrouve souvent à propos de l’art : la sublimation, la création et l’idéalisation. Trop souvent l’on identifie création et sublimation alors que ces deux notions peuvent être antithétiques ; quant à l’idéalisation, elle se révèle être un danger pour la création véritable. L’auteur souligne combien, au-delà de la dimension psychologique, la création mobilise une autre dimension, pour ainsi dire « transcendantale », la dimension esthétique proprement dite, par laquelle l’œuvre dépasse ses déterminations psychiques tout en les assumant par ailleurs.
Icare et le père
Authors: Lippi Silvia
Published: May 2011

Résumé À travers l’analyse du rapport entre Icare et Dédale et entre Thalos et Dédale, il sera montré comment l’indifférence et la jalousie du père envers le fils peuvent casser le désir meurtrier de ce dernier à l’égard du père, désir salutaire, indispensable pour que le fils puisse accomplir des actes en son nom. Sera ensuite analysé le rapport triangulaire entre acte, père et nom. Sera aussi démontré que le père qui se prend pour un père, c’est-à-dire qui reste dans la position d’idéal, occupe en réalité la position de fils, fils empêtré dans les méandres de l’Œdipe. Dans la dernière partie, à travers la relation entre Sonny Rollins et John Coltrane, sera déplié de quelle façon la rivalité père-fils conditionne et inspire la production artistique.
Forclusion. Thèses, histoires, cliniques
Authors: Prado de Oliveira Luiz Eduardo
Published: May 2011

Résumé L’oubli de l’histoire, son refoulement, est le premier pas vers l’idéologisation. Les psychanalystes oublient souvent la leur et celle de leurs concepts. Ainsi pour celui de forclusion, qui devait expliquer les psychoses. Depuis un demi-siècle, s’il éclaire certains de leurs aspects, il en laisse d’autres dans l’obscurité. Cet article vise à raconter l’histoire de ce concept, rappeler d’autres qui ont la même visée, proposer leur articulation et souligner les perspectives innovatrices dans l’approche de la forclusion, amorcées déjà par Lacan.
La vieille dame indigne. Idéaux et vieillissement
Authors: Talpin Jean-Marc
Published: May 2011

Résumé La vieillesse fait l’objet de représentations et d’idéalisation, souvent dans le sens de la disparition de la pulsionnalité. À partir d’une situation clinique et de la littérature sera explorée la figure de « la vieille dame indigne » (B. Brecht). Cette figure sera analysé : 1) comme affirmation du self dans le vieillissement, après le veuvage ; 2) comme manifestation tardive de l’agressivité vis-à-vis des enfants. Ceci sera enfin particulièrement interrogé quant au féminin dans la vieillesse et à son idéalisation.
De flammes et de cendres : genèse et déclin des héros sportifs
Authors: Mazoyer Anne-Valérie , Martineau Jean-Pierre
Published: May 2011

Résumé La trajectoire des sportifs d’élite considérés comme des héros en raison de leurs exploits ou d’une « belle mort » se prête à une étude métapsychologique de la genèse et du déclin de l’idéal (grandiose). Ceci en rapprochant la carrière brève des sportifs, de la création artistique de la jeunesse et de la représentation antique du héros. Comment sauver le bébé « idéal » de l’Esprit sportif des eaux sales que laisse échapper parfois le « système » sportif ? Cela revient à ne pas dénier la réserve d’idéal que constitue l’Infantile en cet âge de grâce de la pré-puberté où se repèrent les fils de ce qui fera l’étoffe des héros. La distanciation entre Moi et idéal après les temps glorieux où le Moi fusionnait avec l’Idéal (Moi idéal) est considérée à partir d’une catégorisation et des cas illustrant les issues constructrices ou destructrices : reconversion, disparition, dégradation, retrait, éclatement.
De la normalité comme idéal à la potentialité psychotique
Authors: Flémal Simon
Published: May 2011

Résumé En se basant sur les théorisations de Joyce McDougall et de Piera Aulagnier sur le processus identificatoire, cet article questionne l’idée d’une normalité psychique érigée en idéal comme conditionnant l’établissement d’une potentialité psychotique. Pour ce faire, l’auteur propose de différencier d’une part, le concept de « normalisation » psychique comme résultant de l’identification primaire du sujet au désir de la mère et, d’autre part, la notion de « normativation » comme procédant à l’intégration secondaire du discours parental. Dans cette perspective, la potentialité psychotique s’originerait d’une normalisation idéale à un non-désir maternel. À partir d’une vignette clinique, il s’agira dès lors de spécifier cette identification idéale du sujet au non-désir de la mère ainsi que de développer certaines modalités d’intervention clinique en lien avec cette problématique.
Métiers et compétences
Authors: Couzinet Viviane , Lebigre Loïc
Published: May 2011

Résumé Deux articles composent cette rubrique : - un hommage à Jean Meyriat, décédé fin décembre 2010, par plusieurs personnes qui l’ont approché dans l’une ou l’autre de ses multiples activités (Viviane Couzinet, Martine Prévot-Hubert, Paul-Dominique Pomart, Regina Marteleto, Bernard Miège) ; - et une analyse succincte des résultats de l’enquête sur le métier et les salaires des professionnels de l’information-documentation menée en novembre 2010 par l’ADBS (Loïc Lebigre).
Fondements et enjeux
Authors: Noailles Patrice , Garel Gilles , Moinet Nicolas , Daniel Hervé , Diallo Alpha , Dupin Corinne
Published: May 2011

Résumé Le premier pôle de ce dossier dresse un panorama de la situation, en présentant les fondements et les enjeux de la veille pour l’innovation, en précisant quelques définitions nécessaires et en donnant quelques repères historiques. Contributions de Patrice Noailles (Seillans Investissement) : Quatre approches de l’innovation ; de Gilles Garel (CNAM-Lirsa) : Les défis de l'innovation contemporaine pour les entreprises ; de Hervé Daniel (Créativ) et Nicolas Moinet (IAE Poitiers) : Architecture d’un plan de veille au service d'une vision systémique de l'innovation ; et de Corinne Dupin et Alpha Diallo (Help management) : L’entreprise innovante : un espace privilégié de veille… et d’intelligence.
Innover, oui mais comment?
Authors: Libmann François , Breesé Pierre , Versailles David W. , Mérindol Valérie
Published: May 2011

Résumé Le deuxième pôle présente les outils de la veille et la façon dont ils sont utilisés pour l’innovation. Ainsi est présentée la façon dont ces outils interviennent dans les processus de décision et expliquée la manière dont ils vont évoluer avec les nouvelles technologies de l’information, en particulier le Web 2.0. Contributions de François Libmann (FLA Consultants) : La veille, outil de l'innovation ; de Pierre Breesé (conseil) : Les outils 2.0 de la veille ; et de Valérie Mérindol (OST ) et David Versailles (I-Space Institute) : Les outils de veille technologique au service de la décision stratégique dans les organisations.
Les collégiens et la recherche d'information sur Internet : entre imaginaires, pratiques et prescriptions
Authors: Cordier Anne
Published: May 2011

Résumé Considérant que l’acculturation à Internet est intimement liée au contexte dans lequel est utilisé ce médium de recherche d’information, Anne Cordier adopte une approche « écologique » pour mettre en lumière une opposition entre les recherches menées dans un cadre formel et prescriptif et celles effectuées dans un cadre non formel et familier. Elle insiste sur les dangers qu’il y aurait à creuser l’écart constaté entre la recherche d’information opérée à l’école et chez soi. Appuyé sur une minutieuse étude de terrain, cet article sur les pratiques informationnelles des élèves de collège aborde plus largement la question de l’appropriation de la culture numérique et celle de la fonction des professionnels de l’information en milieu scolaire. Au-delà de cet environnement particulier, il intéressera l’ensemble des médiateurs confrontés à l’évolution des outils, des références et des pratiques.
Adolescents dits difficiles et illettrisme
Authors: Violet-Chartier Laetitia
Published: May 2011

Résumé Pour les adolescents difficiles, dits caractériels, en situation d’échec scolaire, voire d’illettrisme, le principe de réalité de l’obligation scolaire ne représente aucune utilité pour construire l’avenir. Il s’agit de comprendre les mécanismes inconscients sous-jacents, d’en repérer l’origine et de se servir, comme d’un tremplin, de la capacité à surmonter les événements traumatiques. C’est par les avancées relationnelles, dans un environnement « suffisamment bon », que va se restaurer l’estime de soi et, par là même, s’ouvrir la possibilité d’une demande, le droit d’imaginer, d’inventer et de se servir des mots.
Un seul bras ne fait pas le tour du baobab…
Authors: Salvat Françoise
Published: May 2011

Résumé L’auteur évoque dans cet article les stratégies pédagogiques mobilisées pour redonner le goût d’apprendre à des adolescents en échec scolaire. Trois témoignages appréhendent la complexité des besoins des publics mais aussi la diversité des approches pédagogiques développées par les équipes de defi Insertion 31 et du cfas . De fait, se pose la question de savoir comment, et à quelles conditions particulières, pour une majorité des adolescents des quartiers difficiles, l’accès au savoir, à la citoyenneté et, ultérieurement, au monde du travail, est possible.
Un rempart contre le vide ?
Authors: Meunier Alexandre
Published: May 2011

Résumé À l’heure où plus aucun débat ne se fait jour sur la question du sens d’un placement sous main de justice, cet article présente la manière dont la programmation d’actions culturelles et artistiques en prison peut être un levier de réinsertion et d’enrichissement personnel à travers un certain nombre d’effets induits.
La perception du risque par les usagers
Authors: Ratier Francis
Published: May 2011

Résumé Désormais sans extérieur, la société du risque hisse la santé de chacun à la dimension d’un fait politique, d’un fait pour la biopolitique. Le risque divise le sujet entre son bien – la conservation de sa vie – et ce que Freud désigne comme son au-delà. Dès lors, la réduction de cette division devient la « nouvelle frontière » qu’il s’agit de faire reculer.
La rage d'exister
Authors: Bourdin Dominique
Published: May 2011

Résumé Comment entendre le cri qui surgit des actes de violence et d’incivilité, le désir et même la rage d’exister qui tentent de se manifester, à défaut de se faire entendre, pour que la vie ne soit plus seulement une survie ? L’article, au croisement entre souffrance psychique et crise sociale, notamment dans les banlieues populaires, décrit sans complaisance le désarroi actuel, qui reste le plus souvent en deçà de la révolte, et explore les voies possibles pour que chacun puisse accéder à une existence individualisée et à une parole personnelle.