bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Translating Research Into Practice
Authors: Foster Margaret , Shurtz Suzanne , Smith Matthew Lee
Published: December 2013

Evidence-based practices in the fields of health education and health promotion require evaluating the validity and reliability of relevant and timely research. Skills associated with effectively assessing and applying research findings are essential when researchers and practitioners are developing a new program, writing a grant, or completing a research project. This Tool outlines steps and resources with which health educators and health promotion specialists can critically appraise the literature before deciding to apply a concept or practice. It also includes descriptions of “levels of evidence” for determining level of academic rigor, and questions to guide critical appraisals of published literature and other resources for determining their relevance to the work at hand. Assessing the evidence involves two steps: synthesizing selected articles and then applying their content to a certain situation, population, or need. This Tool is intended to advance the profession by offering tips for assessing and applying the results of literature searches, which involves evaluating the quality of the articles and determining how to best put the research into practice.
New approaches towards chronic pain: patient experiences of a solution-focused pain management programme
Authors: Dargan Peter J , Simm Rebecca , Murray Craig
Published: December 2013

Research has suggested that Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) may be effective in facilitating meaningful change for those living with chronic pain. This study aimed to further this understanding through exploring the experiences of people living with chronic pain, who had attended an 8-week solution-focused pain management programme. The design of this study was conducted in consultation with a service-user advisory group, and employed a qualitative and interpretative design rooted in critical community psychology, participatory research frameworks and emancipatory disability research. Five participants opted-in to the study following an opportunity sampling method of persons who had attended a programme in the last 18 months. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Five main themes were identified: ‘Accessing the pain management programme’, ‘A solution-focused group’, ‘The solution-focused clinician’, ‘Solutions and changes’ and ‘Challenges and improvements’. Clinical and research implications of the findings are discussed.

Summary points

There has been an international proliferation of pain management programmes (PMPs) aimed at helping those with chronic pain to live well, despite an unremitting condition. Arguably, the most popular psychological approaches used within PMPs are informed by cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). Despite a supportive evidence base for psychological approaches in pain management, there is a recognised need for further research into alternative approaches and their effectiveness. Emerging research and policy recommendations are beginning to value the expertise of those living with chronic conditions, particularly how these perspectives can be used to develop effective treatments and services. SFBT is an approach aimed at achieving a patient’s goals or ‘preferred future’ through identifying and utilising their expertise. SFBT may have significant efficacy in helping those with chronic conditions to live improved, meaningful lives.
Evaluating the Effects of a Video Prompt in a System of Least Prompts Procedure
Authors: Smith Katie A. , Ayres Kevin M. , Mechling Linda C. , Alexander Jennifer L. , Mataras Theologia K. , Shepley Sally B.
Published: December 2013

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a system of least prompts procedure with a video prompt serving as the model in teaching office tasks to three high school students with moderate intellectual disability. A multiple probe across behaviors design replicated across participants was used to evaluate the intervention. The dependent variable was percentage of steps completed independently on collating and stapling papers, organizing a binder, and preparing a letter. Generalization was assessed across materials for each participant in a pre-/post-test format. Results indicated the three participants learned all three skills after the introduction of intervention and generalized the majority of steps to novel materials.
Determinants of Survival in Adult HIV Clients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Lawra and Jirapa Districts of Upper West Region, Ghana
Authors: Okyere Gabriel Asare , Alalbil Paul Awinbil , Ping-Naah Henry , Tifere Yakubu
Published: December 2013

We describe the rate of death and identify the determinants of survival in a cohort of adults starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 2 hospitals in Upper West Region, Ghana. Kaplan-Meier model was used to estimate the survival probability after ART initiation and Cox proportional hazard model used to assess the relationship between baseline variables and mortality. A total of 91 clients who were initiated on ART in both hospitals participated in the study. Clients staged in the World Health Organization (WHO) clinical stage III/IV had a higher risk of mortality than those staging I/II (hazard ratio [HR] of 3.93). Hemoglobin value at baseline with a cutoff ≥12 g/dL for women (and ≥13 for men) was strongly associated with mortality in participants with an HR of 3.87 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71-21.19) for severe anemia, 2.11 (95% CI: 0.45-9.93) for moderate anemia, and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.16-4.82) for mild anemia. Anemia and WHO staging were independent predictors of mortality.
A ventilation intervention study in classrooms to improve indoor air quality: the FRESH study
Authors: Rosbach Jeannette TM , Vonk Machiel , Duijm Frans , van Ginkel Jan T , Gehring Ulrike , Brunekreef Bert
Published: December 2013

Background

Classroom ventilation rates often do not meet building standards, although it is considered to be important to improve indoor air quality. Poor indoor air quality is thought to influence both children’s health and performance. Poor ventilation in The Netherlands most often occurs in the heating season. To improve classroom ventilation a tailor made mechanical ventilation device was developed to improve outdoor air supply. This paper studies the effect of this intervention.

Methods

The FRESH study (Forced-ventilation Related Environmental School Health) was designed to investigate the effect of a CO2 controlled mechanical ventilation intervention on classroom CO2 levels using a longitudinal cross-over design. Target CO2 concentrations were 800 and 1200 parts per million (ppm), respectively. The study included 18 classrooms from 17 schools from the north-eastern part of The Netherlands, 12 experimental classrooms and 6 control classrooms. Data on indoor levels of CO2, temperature and relative humidity were collected during three consecutive weeks per school during the heating seasons of 2010–2012. Associations between the intervention and weekly average indoor CO2 levels, classroom temperature and relative humidity were assessed by means of mixed models with random school-effects.

Results

At baseline, mean CO2 concentration for all schools was 1335 ppm (range: 763–2000 ppm). The intervention was able to significantly decrease CO2 levels in the intervention classrooms (F (2,10) = 17.59, p < 0.001), with a mean decrease of 491 ppm. With the target set at 800 ppm, mean CO2 was 841 ppm (range: 743–925 ppm); with the target set at 1200 ppm, mean CO2 was 975 ppm (range: 887–1077 ppm).

Conclusions

Although the device was not capable of precisely achieving the two predefined levels of CO2, our study showed that classroom CO2 levels can be reduced by intervening on classroom ventilation using a CO2 controlled mechanical ventilation system.
A mandatory modification in extracorporeal biventricular assist device (BIVAD) implantation: intercostal tunnel application: a case report
Authors: Oto Oztekin , Albayrak Gokhan , Ugurlu Baran , Kuserli Yusuf , Ozpelit Ebru , Guneri Sema
Published: December 2013

In this case, our patient was a heart transplant candidate connected to a respiratory system. An extracorporeal biventricular assist device (BIVAD) was the only option in order to bridge to transplantation. In routine procedures, it is recommended that Berlin Heart Excor cannulas be removed through the subfascial subcostal tunnel. As the severely dilated right ventricle compressed the apex of the left ventricle, which was also dilated to the mid-back zone of the left hemithorax, the whole length of the Extracorporeal BIVAD apical cannula had to remain within the thorax; however, the cannula was removed from the body by creating a tunnel at the 7th intercostal space. In the long-term follow-up, this compulsory modification has proven to be safe and effective.
Evaluation of culture media for the production of secondary metabolites in a natural products screening program
Authors: VanderMolen Karen M , Raja Huzefa A , El-Elimat Tamam , Oberlies Nicholas H
Published: December 2013

Variation in the growing environment can have significant impacts on the quantity and diversity of fungal secondary metabolites. In the industrial setting, optimization of growing conditions can lead to significantly increased production of a compound of interest. Such optimization becomes challenging in a drug-discovery screening situation, as the ideal conditions for one organism may induce poor metabolic diversity for a different organism. Here, the impact of different media types, including six liquid media and five solid media, on the secondary metabolite production of three fungal strains was examined in the context of the drug-discovery screening process. The relative production of marker compounds was used to evaluate the usefulness and reliability of each medium for the purpose of producing secondary metabolites.
Investigation of heavy metals in frequently utilized medicinal plants collected from environmentally diverse locations of north western India
Authors: Kulhari Alpana , Sheorayan Arun , Bajar Somvir , Sarkar Susheel , Chaudhury Ashok , Kalia Rajwant K.
Published: December 2013

The increasing prevalence of environmental pollution, especially soil contamination with heavy metals has led to their uptake in the human food chains through plant parts. Accumulation and magnification of heavy metals in human tissues through consumption of herbal remedies can cause hazardous impacts on health. Therefore, chemical profiling of nine heavy metals (Mn, Cr, Pb, Fe, Cd, Co, Zn, Ni and Hg) was undertaken in stem and leaf samples of ten medicinal plants (Acacia nilotica, Bacopa monnieri, Commiphora wightii, Ficus religiosa, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Hemidesmus indicus, Salvadora oleoides, Terminalia bellirica, Terminalia chebula and Withania somnifera) collected from environmentally diverse regions of Haryana and Rajasthan states in North-Western India. Concentration of all heavy metals, except Cr, was within permissible limits in the tested stem and leaf samples. Leaf samples had consistently more Cr compared to respective stem samples with highest concentration in leaf samples of Bacopa monnieri (13.19 ± 0.0480 ppm) and stem samples of Withania somnifera (4.93 ± 0.0185 ppm) both collected from Bahadurgarh (heavy industrial area), Haryana. This amount was beyond the permissible limit of 2.0 ppm defined by WHO for raw herbal material. Other two most perilous metals Pb (2.64 ± 0.0260) and Cd (0.04 ± 0.0274) were also recorded in Bahadurgarh region, although below permissible limits. Concentration of Hg remained below detectable levels in all the leaf and stem samples tested. These results suggested that cultivation of medicinal plants and other dietary herbs should be curtailed near environmentally polluted especially industrial areas for avoidance of health hazards.
Next generation sequencing-based expression profiling identifies signatures from benign stromal proliferations that define stromal components of breast cancer
Authors: Guo Xiangqian , Zhu Shirley X , Brunner Alayne L , van de Rijn Matt , West Robert B
Published: December 2013

Introduction

Multiple studies have shown that the tumor microenvironment (TME) of carcinomas can play an important role in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of cancer. Here we test the hypothesis that specific benign fibrous soft tissue tumor gene expression profiles may represent distinct stromal fibroblastic reaction types that occur in different breast cancers. The discovered stromal profiles could classify breast cancer based on the type of stromal reaction patterns in the TME.

Methods

Next generation sequencing-based gene expression profiling (3SEQ) was performed on formalin fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) samples of 10 types of fibrous soft tissue tumors. We determined the extent to which these signatures could identify distinct subsets of breast cancers in four publicly available breast cancer datasets.

Results

A total of 53 fibrous tumors were sequenced by 3SEQ with an average of 29 million reads per sample. Both the gene signatures derived from elastofibroma (EF) and fibroma of tendon sheath (FOTS) demonstrated robust outcome results for survival in the four breast cancer datasets. The breast cancers positive for the EF signature (20-33% of the cohort) demonstrated significantly better outcome for survival. In contrast, the FOTS signature-positive breast cancers (11-35% of the cohort) had a worse outcome.

Conclusions

We defined and validated two new stromal signatures in breast cancer (EF and FOTS), which are significantly associated with prognosis. Our group has previously identified novel cancer stromal gene expression signatures associated with outcome differences in breast cancer by gene expression profiling of three soft tissue tumors, desmoid-type fibromatosis (DTF), solitary fibrous tumor (SFT), and tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT/CSF1), as surrogates for stromal expression patterns. By combining the stromal signatures of EF and FOTS, with our previously identified DTF and TGCT/CSF1 signatures we can now characterize clinically relevant stromal expression profiles in the TME for between 74% to 90% of all breast cancers.
Sustained Complete Responses in Patients With Lymphoma Receiving Autologous Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Targeting Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Membrane Proteins
Authors: Bollard Catherine M. , Gottschalk Stephen , Torrano Vicky , Diouf Oumar , Ku Stephanie , Hazrat Yasmin , Carrum George , Ramos Carlos , Fayad Luis , Shpall Elizabeth J. , Pro Barbara , Liu Hao , Wu Meng-Fen , Lee Daniel , Sheehan Andrea M. , Zu Youli , Gee Adrian P. , Brenner Malcolm K. , Heslop Helen E. , Rooney Cliona M.
Published: December 2013

Purpose

Tumor cells from approximately 40% of patients with Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin lymphoma express the type II latency Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antigens latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) and LMP2, which represent attractive targets for immunotherapy. Because T cells specific for these antigens are present with low frequency and may be rendered anergic by the tumors that express them, we expanded LMP–cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) from patients with lymphoma using autologous dendritic cells and EBV-transformed B–lymphoblastoid cell lines transduced with an adenoviral vector expressing either LMP2 alone (n = 17) or both LMP2 and ΔLMP1 (n = 33).

Patients and Methods

These genetically modified antigen-presenting cells expanded CTLs that were enriched for specificity against type II latency LMP antigens. When infused into 50 patients with EBV-associated lymphoma, the expanded CTLs did not produce infusional toxicities.

Results

Twenty-eight of 29 high-risk or multiple-relapse patients receiving LMP-CTLs as adjuvant therapy remained in remission at a median of 3.1 years after CTL infusion. None subsequently died as a result of lymphoma, but nine succumbed to complications associated with extensive prior chemoradiotherapy, including myocardial infarction and secondary malignancies. Of 21 patients with relapsed or resistant disease at the time of CTL infusion, 13 had clinical responses, including 11 complete responses. T cells specific for LMP as well as nonviral tumor-associated antigens (epitope spreading) could be detected in the peripheral blood within 2 months after CTL infusion, but this evidence for epitope spreading was seen only in patients achieving clinical responses.

Conclusion

Autologous T cells directed to the LMP2 or LMP1 and LMP2 antigens can induce durable complete responses without significant toxicity. Their earlier use in the disease course may reduce delayed treatment-related mortality.
Massive Solitary Fibrous Tumor (SFT) of the infratemporal and pterygomaxillary fossa treated by combined endoscopic approach
Authors: Cloutier François , Lapointe Geneviève , Nadeau Sylvie
Published: December 2013

Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) were first described as spindle-cell tumors originating from the pleura. Until recently, there was some debate with regards to the name and origin of these tumors and the distinctions with the term haemangiopericytomas (HPCs), a rare type of vascular tumor.

Morphological, immunohistochemical and clinical features of HPCs were not specific for one entity. With the exception of myopericytoma, infantile myofibromatosis and HPC-like lesions of the sinonasal tract showing myoid differentiation, all other HPC-like lesions are best considered as subtypes of SFT. Due to their mesenchymal origin, we are now aware that SFTs may involve several extrapleural sites including soft tissues or meninges. When SFTs involve the skull base and show malignant histological characteristics, they can be an important challenge for the surgical team.

We report a case of a 54-year-old man complaining of poor vision and facial pain that had worsened over the last year. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging indicated a large mass, involving the right infratemporal and pterygomaxillary fossa. A biopsy proved positive for a solitary fibrous tumor with malignant features. Surgery was performed using a combined approach of frontotemporal craniotomy and nasal endoscopy. The subtotal resection, conducted due to nodularity on the dura mater, was a success and was complemented by postoperative radiation therapy. Follow-up MRIs showed no recurrence of the tumor.

To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of a massive SFT involving this region, treated with minimal invasive surgery without any facial osteotomies.
Pass-through information support of order industrial production of furniture
Authors: Стариков  , Starikov Aleksandr , Брыкин  , Brykin Aleksey
Published: December 2013

The advantages of using light CAD system in the production of furniture are investigated. They allow providing rapid product develop-ment, as well as carrying out all necessary engineering calculations. In addition, it is possible efficiently and as quickly as possible to prepare the product for production. The basic stages of informational support through the product life cycle with reference to automated systems are described. There are the advantages of the use of transparent information to support the product in the conditions of order manufacturing.
Reducing dynamic loading of mobile power equipment from external impacts and increase of their traction and dynamic parameters
Authors: Астанин  , Astanin Vladimir , Поливаев  , Polivaev Oleg , Бабанин  , Babanin Nikolay
Published: December 2013

Increasing energy saturation of modern mobile power equipment (MPE) is accom-panied by an increase in their dynamic loading of the external influences that have an oscillatory character with variable frequency and amplitude, it causes higher vibration processes in the system soil – propelling device – engine and transmission installation, which leads to lower traction qualities, and hence performance deterioration of techno-logical parameters of tillage and destruction of its structure.
Questions of thermoregulation in heatstressed composite systems with mesh screens
Authors: Ерин  , Erin Oleg , Попов  , Popov Viktor , Кондратенко  , Kondratenko Irina
Published: December 2013

In connection with the intensive development of new areas of technology, where heat-stressed systems are widely represented, there is urgent need of directed thermoregulation. To control the thermal conditions in composite systems it is required, in particular, to create connections with good insulation. The problem of increasing contact thermal resistance between the metal surfaces by introducing of mesh screens made of metal wire into the zone section is examined on condition the application of small loads not exceeding 1 MPa.
Establishment of a joint production within regional furniture clusters
Authors: Петровский  , Petrovskiy Vladislav , Данилов  , Danilov Aleksandr , Афоничев  , Afonichev Dmitriy
Published: December 2013

The aspects of the creation of regional furniture clusters in order to consolidate all of the organizations that are members of such joint structures are considered. Effective strategy for the combined furniture production requires new internal business processes in the direction of increasing the degree of cooperation and collaboration than in a situation of traditional processes. Information systems need to be integrated and group information for all companies.
Current status of ungulates community in the Central Russian forest steppe
Authors: Семёнов  , Semenov Mikhail , Харченко  , Kharchenko Nikolay
Published: December 2013

Under the article, criterion for assessing the sustainability of biological systems is ungu-late animals’ abundance. On the example of the Voronezh region the task how to modify the composition of the community of ungulates in the region over the past 5 years was examined. It is concluded that changes in the number of super species community of ungulates give an idea of the stability of biological systems as a whole.
Examining Bonding and Bridging Activities in the Context of a Common Spaces Approach to Integration
Authors: Enns Richard , Kirova Anna , Connolly David
Published: December 2013

Cet article porte sur les relations dans les activités qui favorisent l’affectif et le relationnel pour les groupes d’immigrés et de non-immigrés identifiés par le dossier analytique de l’Enquête sur la diversité ethnique (EDE 2002) sur lequel il s’appuie, et sur les variables sélectionnées pour mesurer leur intégration par la création d’espaces communs. À partir du modèle d’Ager et Strang (2004, 2008), nous avons posé l’hypothèse que ces deux activités suscitent et reflètent bien davantage de tels espaces toujours plus liés à l’intégration en question. Dans presque tous les cas, celles à caractère relationnel ont été associées à l’établissement de terrains communs qui servent de marqueurs d’insertion, tandis que celles à caractère affectif n’ont eu qu’un effet d’inclusion dans certaines circonstances, mais pas dans toutes. Notre analyse soutient un modèle conceptuel d’intégration qui met en lumière le développement d’espaces communs en expansion à partir de groupes se définissant comme ethniques, à la fois comme facteur et comme marqueur inclusifs.
Measuring the Welcoming Capacities of Host Urban and Rural Communities
Authors: Lund Darren E. , Hira-Friesen Parvinder
Published: December 2013

Cet article est une partie d’une étude multidisciplinaire où nous tentons d’évaluer la notion de «communautés accueillantes» au Canada. La recherche s’est servie jusqu’à présent des micro-données de l’Enquête sur la diversité ethnique (EDE). À partir de méthodes statistiques descriptives et de tests d’importance à variable simple sur celles qui traitaient des répondants individuels à l’EDE, les chercheurs tentent de comprendre les informations recueillies dans les parties pertinentes du questionnaire. Plus précisément, ils ont examiné comment les réponses aux questions individuelles varient au sein des sous-populations identifiées comme ayant participé à l’enquête. Celles-ci sont au nombre de quatre et se combinent selon deux catégories binaires: soit statut d’immigrant et de non-immigrant d’une part, et, d’autre part, appartenance à une minorité, visible et non-visible. D’autres distinctions sont apparues, comme celle sur les variations des réponses selon qu’il s’agit d’un milieu urbain ou rural. Le grand nombre de petits échantillons a bridé les comparaisons entre certaines catégories de répondants. Une deuxième série d’analyses a donc eu lieu afin de relever et de mettre en pratique des stratifications théoriquement solides de la population, qui soient aussi statistiquement plus prudentes pour les buts de cette étude. L’identification d’importantes différences dans les réponses de ces sous-populations à un niveau de variable simple a aidé – et continuera à le faire – à comprendre comment on peut utiliser les données de l’EDE pour décrire la réalité des communautés d’accueil au Canada.
Decomposing Immigrants’ Economic Integration in Earnings Disparity: Racial Variations in Unexpected Returns
Authors: Li Peter S. , Li Eva Xiaoling
Published: December 2013

Le discours sur l’intégration économique des immigrés prend souvent pour acquis que le capital humain de ces derniers détermine le succès de leur intégration, tel que comparé aux revenus de la population d’origine. Dans cet article, nous décomposons les salaires des uns et des autres au Canada pour voir à quel point on peut attribuer la disparité de gains au capital humain en question ou à d’autres facteurs. Selon nos résultats, les immigrés avaient à leur arrivée une formation et une expérience de haut niveau, souvent supérieures à celles des Canadiens de naissance, mais ils ont été sous-rétribués à cause de l’absence d’autres bénéfices non expliqués. Ceci suggère que la politique de sélection des immigrants a des limites, et qu’il faudrait reconsidérer d’autres stratégies pour infléchir la manière dont le marché du travail les traite, surtout ceux d’origine minoritaire, afin de combler cette inégalité de revenu.
Economic Integration of Recent Chinese Immigrants in Canada’s Second-Tier Cities: The Triple Glass Effect and Immigrants’ Downward Social Mobility
Authors: Guo Shibao
Published: December 2013

Un examen de l’intégration économique des immigrés chinois à Calgary et à Edmonton révèle dans cette étude que ceux qui sont arrivés récemment se heurtent à des obstacles sur plusieurs fronts, en particulier en ce qui concerne la langue et l’emploi. De plus, suite à leur immigration au Canada, ils ont vécu une déqualification et une dévaluation de leur éducation et de leur expérience professionnelle passées. En conséquence, beaucoup d’entre eux ont subi le chômage et le sous-emploi, des mécomptes sur le plan financier et une mobilité sociale vers le bas qui ont nui à leur processus d’intégration. On peut attribuer l’expérience négative des immigrés à l’effet d’une triple barrière invisible , à savoir une entrée , une porte et un plafond de verre . Alors que la première refuse aux immigrés l’accession à des communautés professionnelles tenues comme des chasses gardées, la deuxième bloque l’accès à une situation dans des firmes à hauts revenus. Mais c’est le troisième qui empêche les immigrés d’atteindre des postes de cadres, du fait de leurs différences ethniques et culturelles. Cette étude est un appel pour l’adoption d’un cadre de travail inclusif qui montre la voie vers une justice recognitive faisant la part entre liberté de mobilité et appartenance pleine et entière au Canada.
Integration of Minority Migrant Workers in Lanzhou, China
Authors: Li Eva Xiaoling , Li Peter S. , Zong Li , Hua Wen , Rong Wen , Abuduhade Abuduhade
Published: December 2013

La recherche sur les travailleurs migrants chinois - ceux qui ont été officiellement inscrits dans des familles d’agriculteurs, mais qui travaillaient en ville - a montré que le système chinois hukou , ou système d’enregistrement, limitait leur capacité à obtenir l’immatriculation dans des familles urbaines, indispensable pour avoir accès à la sécurité sociale. Il y a eu peu de recherche sur l’intégration de travailleurs migrants d’origine minoritaire. À partir de l’enquête de 2011 sur 1.090 d’entre eux à Lanshou, une ville du Nord de la Chine, cet article porte sur deux aspects de leur intégration : l’un, objectif, mesure leur accès aux bénéfices de la sécurité sociale, l’autre, subjectif, évalue à quel point ils voient de l’iniquité dans leurs perspectives d’emploi. Nous défendons ici le fait que l’intégration de travailleurs migrants appartenant à des minorités chinoises comprend le fait d’être traité comme les autres sur la base de bénéfices en tant qu’urbains, et que ceci affecte leur sens d’équité dans le marché du travail. Nos conclusions donnent à penser que l’intégration de ces travailleurs ne se résume pas à des facteurs culturels et économiques, mais comprend aussi des questions sur les droits et un sens de l’inégalité.
Lectures, Evaluations, and Diapers: Navigating the Terrains of Chicana Single Motherhood in the Academy
Authors: Téllez Michelle
Published: December 2013

Using the personal experience of a junior faculty member in a women’s studies program as testimony, the article explores the numerous penalties that women of color in the academy endure during pregnancy, childbirth, and early child-rearing years. It highlights the sacrifices paid as a result of motherhood not being closeted. Based on gendered, racialized, and classed assumptions of who belongs in the academy, it argues that family-friendly policies that allow for faculty members to choose having both family and career are largely insufficient, nonexistent, or unmonitored. The article centers the lives and stories of the often invisible mothers of color in the academy to critique the misaligned rhetoric for diversity that exists within the universities they serve. It seeks to facilitate the inclusion of their voices and experiences in the reimagining and transformation of university culture, while focusing on several practices that could help shape this vision.
Abstracting Academic Feminist Aspirations: What Do Doctoral Dissertation Abstracts (1995–2010) Say About an Emergent Interdisciplinary Field?
Authors: Chakravarty Debjani , Frank Elena
Published: December 2013

The article analyzes the abstracts of women’s studies doctoral dissertations produced in the United States between 1995 and 2010 in order to develop an understanding of the nature of new scholarship produced in women’s studies, and the potential of this knowledge to move the field forward. It examines 116 abstracts in an attempt to take the pulse of the field, to explore how the interdisciplinary field of women’s studies is both widening and specializing in terms of scope and scale, and to illuminate some of the challenges that arise when writing research abstracts for a nonconventional field. The article discusses how these difficulties reflect the contestations and contradictions in the field of women’s studies, testifying to the epistemic processes that envision social transformation and gender justice. In addition to considering the topic and methodological trends that these abstracts embody and how they relate to the future directions of women’s studies, it examines the abstract as an independent genre of academic writing, evaluating its limitations and possibilities as a tool for facilitating knowledge production and dissemination in a burgeoning interdisciplinary field.
Toward a Feminist Theory of Justice for the Disappeared: Ana Castillo’s Creative Writing and the Case of Sister Dianna Ortiz
Authors: Esparza Araceli
Published: December 2013

Ana Castillo’s poem “Like the people of Guatemala, I want to be free of these memories” (2000), her collection of plays Psst … I Have Something to Tell You, Mi Amor (2005a), and Sister Dianna Ortiz’s testimonio The Blindfold’s Eyes (2002) narrate the details of Sister Dianna’s 1989 disappearance by Guatemalan military forces. The article argues that, together, these texts reveal the complexities of justice for the disappeared and work toward a feminist theory of justice that goes beyond appeals to the state for punishment and reparation. By decentering the very state formations that perpetrate and sanction human rights violations as the privileged arbiters of justice, Castillo imagines the disappeared and their allies as essential to processes of justice-making. This leads Castillo to conceptualize a more localized and comprehensive feminist model of justice that requires constructing and allowing for community-based responses to injury through collective action, accountability, advocacy, agency, consciousness-raising, and healing. The discussion is contextualized within the history of torture and impunity in Guatemala and the United States during the 1980s and into the present, as well as locating Castillo’s work within the genealogy of Chicana/o theater and testimonio.
The Anti-Hero in Modernist Fiction: From Irony to Cultural Renewal
Authors: Neimneh Shadi
Published: December 2013

This essay considers anti-heroism as a response to modern man’s uncertainties about traditional values and as a feature of modernity’s zeitgeist. Modern anti-heroism captures the sensibility associated with modernism, with its attempts at cultural renewal, and it ranges between the low mimetic and the ironic mode.
Stalking the Gaps: The Biopoetics of Haiku
Authors: Marshall Ian
Published: December 2013

Examined through the lens of evolutionary literary criticism, or “biopoetics,” haiku exemplifies several evocritical ideas about the adaptive functions of art. It is an exercise in “making special,” or marking significant rituals, a means of promoting social bonding, and a kind of cognitive play that exercises our abilities in symbolic thought.
The Limits of the Story: Reading the Castaway Narrative in A Strange Manuscript Found in a Copper Cylinder and Life of Pi
Authors: Janes Daniela
Published: December 2013

Both Life of Pi and A Strange Manuscript Found in a Copper Cylinder juxtapose the narrative of a castaway’s experiences with the later telling of the tale. Exploring the limits of “story,” they present fantastic narratives that trespass upon credulity and that require—but do not always receive—a leap of narrative faith.
Feeling, Affect, Exposure: Ethical (In)capacity, the Sympathetic Imagination, and J.M. Coetzee’s Disgrace
Authors: Dickinson Philip
Published: December 2013

This essay considers the role of feeling and affect in theories of the sympathetic imagination through readings of Martha Nussbaum, Geoffrey Hartman, and J.M. Coetzee’s Disgrace . I explore how the sympathetic imagination is irreducibly contaminated by unstable affective states that threaten its viability as a humanist ethic.
Embodying the In-Between: Theresa Hak Kyung Cha's Dictee
Authors: Kim Hyo K.
Published: December 2013

Aligning Dictee with its historical author Theresa Hak Kyung Cha has been at once theoretically vexing and pivotal to the formation of Asian American studies. This essay reprises that topic by exploring an under-theorized dimension of Dictee’s formal experimentation, which involves how affect embodies the relation between self and world.
Social Commentary in Coline Serreau’s Saint-Jacques… La Mecque
Authors: Signori Lisa F.
Published: December 2013

In Saint-Jacques. . . La Mecque , Coline Serreau uses medieval pilgrimage to shed new light on social issues in contemporary French society. This essay examines the motivations and experiences of nine modern pilgrims who walk to Compostela and learn to overcome barriers of race, gender, and intolerance.
The Chinese Stereotypical Signification in Ah Sin
Authors: Ou Hsin-Yun
Published: December 2013

This essay examines the racial ideology exemplified in Ah Sin as it played out in multiple venues, particularly the Gilded Age economy and the conventions of yellowface performance. Highlighting the ambivalence of the Chinese title character, the play marks an emphatic step toward disrupting what Homi Bhabha defines as the “fixity” of racialized stereotypes.
Rhetoric of the Network: Toward a New Metaphor
Authors: Kilgore Christopher D.
Published: December 2013

The “network” has become a dominant metaphor in contemporary thought. By analyzing its history, this essay argues that this metaphor has evolved through re-projection, and that several literary texts also suggest that an imminent paradigm shift may address longstanding interdisciplinary concerns with the network-concept’s adequacy.
Medusa as Female Eye or Icon in Atwood, Murdoch, Carter, and Plath
Authors: Alban Gillian M.E.
Published: December 2013

This essay explores the mythic Medusa archetype, used as a symbol of female psychic power in the writings of Angela Carter, Margaret Atwood, Iris Murdoch, and Sylvia Plath.
Wallace Thurman’s The Blacker the Berry and the Question of the Emancipatory City
Authors: Rottenberg Catherine
Published: December 2013

Focusing on the representation of Harlem, I examine how Wallace Thurman’s 1929 The Blacker the Berry explicitly challenges the notion of “the emancipatory city” while emphasizing the spatial aspect of subject formation. Thurman underscores both the city’s liberating potential and its simultaneous tendency to reinforce dominant normative schemes.
How Do Deployed Health Care Providers Experience Moral Injury?
Authors: Gibbons Susanne W. , Shafer Michaela , Hickling Edward J. , Ramsey Gloria
Published: December 2013

Combat deployments put health care providers in ethically compromising and morally challenging situations. A sample of recently deployed nurses and physicians provided narratives that were analyzed to better appreciate individual perceptions of moral dilemmas that arise in combat. Specific questions to be answered by this inquiry are: 1) How do combat deployed nurses and physicians make sense of morally injurious traumatic exposures? and 2) What are the possible psychosocial consequences of these and other deployment stressors? This narrative inquiry involves analysis of ten deployed military nurses’ and physicians’ aversive or traumatic experiences. Burke’s dramatist pentad is used for structural narrative analysis of stories that confirm and illuminate the impact of war zone events such as betrayal, disproportionate violence, incidents involving civilians, and within-rank violence on military health care provider narrators. Results indicate cognitive dissonance and psychosocial sequelae related to moral and psychological stressors faced by military medical personnel. Discussion addresses where healing efforts should be focused.
Do Everything
Authors: Greene H. Rex
Published: December 2013

A 57–year–old with an incurable cancer suffered an abdominal catastrophe, putting him in the ICU, comatose with no chance of survival. His attending oncologist had only met him once and had no knowledge of his goals of care. Lacking an advance directive the staff turned to his family, who said, “Do everything.” This loaded statement was thought to be a demand for futile care even though it ultimately proved a reflection of their emotional response to a terrible, unanticipated event, not an irrational demand for useless care. A sympathetic exploration of the patient’s goals and expectations with his family using Buckman’s SPIKES format disclosed that their major concern was that he not die on his wife’s birthday. The family agreed to withdraw him from ventilator support the following day. Unraveling a medical conflict requires a sensitive process of shared decision–making based on a transparent process of clinical reasoning that synthesizes patient and family values with medical knowledge and ethical duties. Properly done, the outcome usually is a satisfactory experience for all concerned.
In Media Res : Commenting on the Trajectory of Lives
Authors: Bishop Jeffery , Barina Rachelle , Stahl Devan
Published: December 2013

The stories in this issue of Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics demonstrate two important things. First these stories explore the space between bodily impairment and the social structures that both enable and constrain the flourishing of those who are differently embodied. The authors of these narratives resist the dominant biomedical interpretation of their impairments, but also demonstrate their dependency upon others—social, medical, or familial others. Second, in writing these narratives, the authors are also engaged in an act of identity formation, which sometimes challenge and sometimes embrace the label of disability. By telling their stories in the middle of the action of their lives— in media res , taking up or resisting the label of disability—they also demonstrate the way in which lives can be lived open to new possibilities and interpretations.
Living With the Label “Disability”: Personal Narrative as a Resource for Responsive and Informed Practice in Biomedicine and Bioethics
Authors: Bishop Jeffery , Sunderland Naomi
Published: December 2013

What is it like to live with the label “Disability?” NIB editorial staff and narrative symposium editors, Jeffery Bishop and Naomi Sunderland developed a call for stories, which was sent to several list serves, shared with the 1000 Voices Project community and posted on Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics ’ website. The request for personal stories from people who identify with the label “disabled” asked them to: consider how the label “disability” interacts with other aspects of their life in health care settings; does the term “disability” reflect their actual embodied experiences of impairment or does it fail to do justice to their particular experience of impairment; describe the kind of experiences that are possible because of the impairment(s); discuss how the label has affected their “authentic voice”; and many other concepts about what effects the label has on their lives. These authors share deeply personal experiences that will help readers understand their world, challenges, and joys. Thirteen stories are found in the print version of the journal and an additional five supplemental stories are published online only through Project MUSE. The stories are complemented by four commentary articles by Elizabeth R. Schiltz; Lorna Hallahan; Nicole Matthews, Kathleen Ellem, and Lesley Chenoweth; and Jeffery Bishop, Rachelle Barina, and Devan Stahl. These scholars come from the disciplines of law, social work, media studies, medicine, and bioethics from Australia and the United States. Together, the symposium’s storytellers and commentators offer striking and informative insights into the everydayness of living with disabilities.
Down the Rabbit Hole: Reflections on Thirteen Narratives of Living with the “Disabled” Label
Authors: Hallahan Lorna
Published: December 2013

These accounts are astonishing in their shared concerns and beautiful in their variety of styles and language. This paper employs a hermeneutic spiral to ask a series of related questions in seeking a deeper understanding of the writers’ accounts of what Inga Clendinnen has called “falling down the rabbit–hole”—experiences of existential discontinuity born of illness and disability. . . . The narratives of the thirteen authors are shown to address ways of exploring intersubjectivity and situation; affliction and respect; and refusal, resistance and solidarity. In conclusion, the paper identifies five lessons that can inform the thought and actions of all those who seek an ethical response to people living with chronic illness and impairment.
Crafting and Retelling Everyday Lives—: Disabled People’s Contribution to Bioethical Concerns
Authors: Matthews Nicole , Ellem Kathleen , Chenoweth Lesley
Published: December 2013

This commentary draws out themes from the narrative symposium on “living with the label “disability”” from the perspective of auto/biography and critical disability studies in the humanities. It notes the disconnect between the experiences discussed in the stories and the preoccupations of bioethicists. Referencing Rosemarie Garland-Thompson’s recent work, it suggests that life stories by people usually described as “disabled” offer narrative, epistemic and ethical resources for bioethics. The commentary suggests that the symposium offers valuable conceptual tools and critiques of taken-for-granted terms like “dependency”. It notes that these narrators do not un–problematically embrace the term “disability”, but emphasize the need to redefine, strategically deploy or reject this term. Some accounts are explicitly critical of medical practitioners while others redefine health and wellbeing, emphasizing the need for reciprocity and respect for the knowledge of people with disability, including knowledge from their experience of “the variant body” (Leach Scully, 2008).
Navigating Ambivalence
Authors: Schiltz Elizabeth R.
Published: December 2013

This commentary explores the sometimes uncomfortable ambivalence that colors most people’s experience of disability, either as an aspect of a person’s own identity, or as an aspect of a person’s interactions with a person with a disability. Disabilities are experienced by many as both a positive and a negative aspect of a person’s identity. The commentary describes the work of two disability scholars who have recently explored how this ambivalence affects both legal schemes and parenting decisions, and argue for a ‘destigmatizing’ of this ambivalence. The framework provided by these scholars illuminates ways in which ambivalence about the experience of disability is revealed by many of the contributors to this collection of essays, and suggests that an open confrontation with this ambivalence may facilitate more satisfactory relationships between people with and people without disabilities.
The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary: A Work in Progress
Authors: Blust Robert , Trussel Stephen
Published: December 2013

The Austronesian comparative dictionary (ACD) is an open-access online resource that currently (June 2013) includes 4,837 sets of reconstructions for nine hierarchically ordered protolanguages. Of these, 3,805 sets consist of single bases, and the remaining 1,032 sets contain 1,032 bases plus 1,781 derivatives, including affixed forms, reduplications, and compounds. Historical inferences are based on material drawn from more than 700 attested languages, some of which are cited only sparingly, while others appear in over 1,500 entries. In addition to its main features, the ACD contains supplementary sections on widely distributed loanwords that could potentially lead to erroneous protoforms, submorphemic “roots,” and “noise” (in the information-theoretic sense of random lexical similarity that arises from historically independent processes). Although the matter is difficult to judge, the ACD, which prints out to somewhat over 3,000 single-spaced pages, now appears to be about half complete.
Pure Possibility and Pure Necessity Modals in Paciran Javanese
Authors: Klok Jozina Vander
Published: December 2013

This paper provides a first complete description of pure possibility and pure necessity modals in the Paciran dialect of Javanese, based on a wide variety of fieldwork tools such as elicitation, storyboards ( www.storyboards.org ), interviews, and a questionnaire on modality that I designed. To best understand their semantics, I present a theoretically informed approach to describing modality, focusing on both modal force and modal flavor. I then present a formal semantic analysis of these modals in Paciran Javanese within the standard Kratzerian theory, explicitly showing how modals with fixed flavor and fixed force can be captured.