bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hacia una crítica a la sociología de la transición: reflexiones sobre la paradoja de la desinstitucionalización en el análisis de las trayectorias de jóvenes vulnerables en Argentina
Authors: Roberti Eugenia
Published: July 2017

El artículo reconstruye las trayectorias de jóvenes de un barrio periférico, analizando las prácticas y las valoraciones subjetivas en torno a la escuela, el trabajo y la familia. En un contexto de profundas transformaciones en la condición juvenil, la investigación analiza el resquebrajamiento del modelo lineal de transición a la vida adulta. Asimismo, plantea el carácter paradójico del proceso de desinstitucionalización del curso de vida, al vislumbrar la relevancia que adquieren nuevos soportes relacionales en la configuración de las trayectorias juveniles.
A new Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) line construction and housing wealth: Evidence from the Circle Line
Authors: Diao Mi , Fan Yi , Sing Tien Foo
Published: July 2017

This study uses the opening of the new Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) in stages between 2010 and 2012 in Singapore as the exogenous event to empirically test the impact of the new Circle Line (CL) on housing wealth. Applying a "differences-in-differences" approach to the non-landed private housing transaction data covering the period from 2009 to 2013, we find that the average housing prices increase by 1.6% in the post-opening of the CL. We find significant capitalization of the new CL into housing prices, especially households living within a 400-meter radius (the treatment zone) from the closest MRT stations on the CL. The treatment effects that are measured by the “marginalwillingness to pay” for houses located within the treatment zone is 13.2% relative to houses located outside the treatment zone. The new CL opening creates an estimated S$1.23 billion housing wealth effects for households living in close proximity to the CL MRT stations. However, we do not find significant "anticipative" effects on house prices in the six-month window prior to the opening of CL. The strongest treatment effect is found after the opening of the phase 1 of CL, and the treatment intensity declines in phases 2 and 3 of the CL opening.
Luật tố tụng quốc tế và thủ tục tố tụng quốc tế
Authors: Lê Văn Bính
Published: July 2017

Bài viết nghiên cứu về luật tố tụng quốc tế và các quan hệ tố tụng liên quan đến thủ tục tố tụng quốc tế, minh chứng thủ tục tố tụng quốc tế có xuất phát điểm dựa trên các quy phạm giống nhau về nội dung, được áp dụng trước hết trong thủ tục tố tụng quốc gia và dần dần trở thành một lĩnh vực hợp tác quốc tế độc lập, được điều chỉnh bằng các quy phạm luật tố tụng quốc tế; nghiên cứu vấn đề pháp điển hóa các quy phạm điều chỉnh các quan hệ tố tụng; làm rõ hơn thẩm quyền siêu quốc gia của các tòa án quốc tế, сó cân nhắc đến quan điểm thẩm quyền không thể tách rời, thẩm quyền đương nhiên cùng với sự phát triển trong thực tiễn tư pháp; tính siêu quốc gia và tính bổ trợ được xem là những hiện tượng pháp luật có liên quan đến nhau, biểu hiện nào trong thủ tục tố tụng quốc tế là những sự kiện pháp lý, vì nó mà xuất hiện, thay đổi hoặc chấm dứt các quan hệ pháp luật tố tụng.
Nguyên tắc bồi thường thiệt hại do vi phạm hợp đồng
Authors: Bùi Thị Thanh Hằng
Published: July 2017

Nguyên tắc bồi thường toàn bộ là nguyên tắc được khoa học pháp lý thế giới cũng như Việt Nam thừa nhận. Nguyên tắc này là hệ luận của nguyên tắc “pacta sunt servanda”, theo đó, bên có quyền phải được bồi thường toàn bộ những thiệt hại mà bên này phải gánh chịu. Trong phạm vi bài viết này, tác giả sẽ đề cập đến nguyên tắc bồi thường toàn bộ và các trường hợp ngoại lệ của nguyên tắc bồi thường toàn bộ
PERILAKU PEMBELIAN PRODUK FASHION DIDASARKAN PADA KEPERCAYAAN MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA SOSIAL
Authors: Purwanto Sugeng
Published: July 2017

Penelitian ini membahas tentang pengaruh penggunaan sosial media pada perilaku pembelian berdasarkan kepercayaan mereka dalam membeli di Kota Surabaya. Penelitian ini mengusulkan dan menguji model lima variabel yang mempengaruhi keyakinannya dalam membeli serta perilaku pembelian. Faktor-faktor yang diuji terdiri dari variabel bebas yaitu pada penggunaan media sosial, antara lain keterhubungan, keterbukaan, kecepatan, aksesibilitas, dan partisipasi, sedangkan variabel terikat adalah keyakinan membeli dan perilaku pembelian. Dalam rangka untuk mengeksplorasi masalah ini, metode kuantitatif menggunakan software partial least square dengan melakukan penyebaran kuesioner di kota Surabaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan 250 responden yang representatif. Hasil mengkonfirmasi adanya pengaruh yang signifikan antara faktor penggunaan media sosial terhadap kepercayaan membeli dan minat pembelian.
Discourse as Social Practice on Abdul Qodir Jaelani (AQJ) Case
Authors: Syukri Suhartini , Humaerah Isna
Published: July 2017

This study aims at describing social practices and explaining social agents’thought and belief in the discourse of Abdul QodirJaelani (AQJ). It uses a descriptivequalitative approach in the form of discourse analysis, by utilizing the CriticalDiscourse Analysis (CDA) and appraisal devices as instruments. The data obtainedwere 10 written newspaper textsof AQJ case taken from the Jakarta Post onlinenewspaper. The units of analyses of the study are the whole texts in general and theclauses in particular. The results show that in situational level, the news productionsare based on the continuity of situational development of AQJ case; in institutionallevel, the economic media of the Jakarta Post is more stable and the politics mediainvolves the journalists’ ideology stance in which represent readers’ ideology; in thesocial level, the news attempt to attract readers’ critical thinking of the AQJ case.Moreover, the social agents employed all three resources of attitudes that tend to benegative in terms of judgment, appreciation and affect. In sum, this study shows thatmeanings were realized through the representation of social agents and social events,afterwards the evaluation of kinds of attitudes were also negotiated in the news texts ofAQJ.Keywords : appraisal system, discourse analysis, news articles, social agents, socialpractice
Surrendered and Stray Dogs in Australia—Estimation of Numbers Entering Municipal Pounds, Shelters and Rescue Groups and Their Outcomes
Authors: Chua Diana , Rand Jacquie , Morton John
Published: July 2017

There is no national system for monitoring numbers of dogs entering municipal council pounds and shelters in Australia, or their outcomes. This limits understanding of the surrendered and stray dog issue, and prevents the evaluation of management strategies. We aimed to estimate these in 2012–2013. Dog intake and outcome data were collected for municipal councils and animal welfare organizations using annual reports, publications, primary peer-reviewed journal articles, websites and direct correspondence. More comprehensive data were obtained for New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Australian Capital Territory, whereas it was necessary to impute some or all data for Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland and Tasmania, as data were incomplete/unavailable. A refined methodology was developed to address the numerous limitations of the available data. An estimated national total of 211,655 dog admissions (9.3 admissions/1000 residents) occurred in 2012–2013. Of these admissions, the numbers where the dog was reclaimed, rehomed or euthanized were estimated as 4.4, 2.9 and 1.9/1000 residents, respectively. Differences in outcomes were evident between states, and between municipal councils, welfare organizations and rescue groups. This study emphasizes the need for an ongoing standardized monitoring system with appropriate data routinely collected from all municipal councils, animal welfare organizations and rescue groups in Australia. Such a system would only require data that are easily collected by all relevant organizations and could be implemented at relatively low cost. This could facilitate ongoing evaluation of the magnitude of the surrendered and stray dog problem, and allow assessment of strategies aiming to reduce numbers of admissions and euthanasia.
NADPH Oxidases, Angiogenesis, and Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Manuneedhi Cholan Pradeep , Cartland Siân , Kavurma Mary
Published: July 2017

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is caused by narrowing of arteries in the limbs, normally occurring in the lower extremities, with severe cases resulting in amputation of the foot or leg. A potential approach for treatment is to stimulate the formation of new blood vessels to restore blood flow to limb tissues. This is a process called angiogenesis and involves the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of endothelial cells. Angiogenesis can be stimulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), with NADPH oxidases (NOX) being a major source of ROS in endothelial cells. This review summarizes the recent evidence implicating NOX isoforms in their ability to regulate angiogenesis in vascular endothelial cells in vitro, and in PAD in vivo. Increasing our understanding of the involvement of the NOX isoforms in promoting therapeutic angiogenesis may lead to new treatment options to slow or reverse PAD.
A Label-Free and Ultrasensitive Immunosensor for Detection of Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin Based on Graphene FETs
Authors: Islam Kamrul , Suhail Ahmed , Pan Genhua
Published: July 2017

We report on a label-free immunosensor based on graphene field effect transistors (G-FETs) for the ultrasensitive detection of Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (hCG), as an indicator of pregnancy and related disorders, such as actopic pregnancy, choriocarcinoma and orchic teratoma. Pyrene based bioactive ester was non-covalently anchored onto the graphene channel in order to retain the sp2 lattice. The G-FET transfer characteristics showed repeatable and reliable responses in all surface modifying steps using a direct current (DC) readout system. The hCG concentration gradient showed a detection limit of ~1 pg·mL−1. The proposed method facilitates the cost-effective and viable production of graphene point-of-care devices for clinical diagnosis.
Evidences from Rewarding System, FRN and P300 Effect in Internet-Addiction in Young People
Authors: Balconi Michela , Venturella Irene , Finocchiaro Roberta
Published: July 2017

The present research explored rewarding bias and attentional deficits in Internet addiction (IA) based on the IAT (Internet Addiction Test) construct, during an attentional inhibitory task (Go/NoGo task). Event-related Potentials (ERPs) effects (Feedback Related Negativity (FRN) and P300) were monitored in concomitance with Behavioral Activation System (BAS) modulation. High-IAT young participants showed specific responses to IA-related cues (videos representing online gambling and videogames) in terms of cognitive performance (decreased Response Times, RTs; and Error Rates, ERs) and ERPs modulation (decreased FRN and increased P300). Consistent reward and attentional biases was adduced to explain the cognitive “gain” effect and the anomalous response in terms of both feedback behavior (FRN) and attentional (P300) mechanisms in high-IAT. In addition, BAS and BAS-Reward subscales measures were correlated with both IAT and ERPs variations. Therefore, high sensitivity to IAT may be considered as a marker of dysfunctional reward processing (reduction of monitoring) and cognitive control (higher attentional values) for specific IA-related cues. More generally, a direct relationship among reward-related behavior, Internet addiction and BAS attitude was suggested.
The Role of Radiation Induced Injury on Lung Cancer
Authors: Puukila Stephanie , Thome Christopher , Brooks Antone , Woloschak Gayle , Boreham Douglas
Published: July 2017

This manuscript evaluates the role of cell killing, tissue disorganization, and tissue damage on the induction of lung cancer following low dose rate radiation exposures from internally deposited radioactive materials. Beagle dogs were exposed by inhalation to 90Y, 91Y, 144Ce, or 90Sr in fused clay particles. Dogs lived out their life span with complete pathology conducted at the time of death. The radiation dose per cell turnover was characterized and related to the cause of death for each animal. Large doses per cell turnover resulted in acute death from lung damage with extensive cell killing, tissue disorganization, chronic inflammatory disease, fibrosis, and pneumonitis. Dogs with lower doses per cell turnover developed a very high frequency of lung cancer. As the dose per cell turnover was further decreased, no marked tissue damage and no significant change in either life span or lung cancer frequency was observed. Radiation induced tissue damage and chronic inflammatory disease results in high cancer frequencies in the lung. At doses where a high frequency of chromosome damage and mutations would be predicted to occur there was no decrease in life span or increase in lung cancer. Such research suggests that cell killing and tissue damage and the physiological responses to that damage are important mechanisms in radiation induced lung cancer.
Exploring Autophagy in Drosophila
Authors: Lőrincz Péter , Mauvezin Caroline , Juhász Gábor
Published: July 2017

Autophagy is a catabolic process in eukaryotic cells promoting bulk or selective degradation of cellular components within lysosomes. In recent decades, several model systems were utilized to dissect the molecular machinery of autophagy and to identify the impact of this cellular “self-eating” process on various physiological and pathological processes. Here we briefly discuss the advantages and limitations of using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, a popular model in cell and developmental biology, to apprehend the main pathway of autophagy in a complete animal.
vQRS Based on Hybrids of CNT with PMMA-POSS and PS-POSS Copolymers to Reach the Sub-PPM Detection of Ammonia and Formaldehyde at Room Temperature Despite Moisture
Authors: Sachan Abhishek , Castro Mickael , Choudhary Veena , Feller Jean-François
Published: July 2017

Nanocomposite-based quantum resistive vapour sensors (vQRS) have been developed from the assembly of hybrid copolymers of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or poly(styrene) (PS) with carbon nanotubes (CNT). The originality of the resulting conducting architecture is expected to be responsible for the ability of the transducer to detect sub-ppm concentrations of ammonia and formaldehyde at room temperature despite the presence of humidity. In particular, the boosting effect of POSS is evidenced in CNT-based nanocomposite vQRS. The additive fabrication by spraying layer-by-layer provides (sLbL) is an effective method to control the reproducibility of the transducers’ chemo-resistive responses. In dry atmosphere, the two types of sensors showed a high sensitivity towards both hazardous gases, as they were able to detect 300 ppb of formaldehyde and 500 ppb of ammonia with a sufficiently good signal to noise ratio (SNR > 10). They also exhibited a quick response times less than 5 s for both vapours and, even in the presence of 100 ppm of water, they were able to detect small amounts of gases (1.5 ppm of NH3 and 9 ppm of CH2O). The results suggest promising applications of POSS-based vQRS for air quality or volatolome monitoring.
The Raspberry Pi: A Technology Disrupter, and the Enabler of Dreams
Authors: Johnston Steven , Cox Simon
Published: July 2017

The Raspberry Pi Foundation aims to promote the teaching of Computer Science and is inspired by devices such as the ZX81 and Spectrum [1], the first home computers from the 1980s, and government backed in-school devices such as the BBC Acorn [2].[...]
Trends in CO2 Emissions from China-Oriented International Marine Transportation Activities and Policy Implications
Authors: Yang Hualong , Ma Xuefei , Xing Yuwei
Published: July 2017

The demand for marine transportation and its associated CO2 emissions are growing rapidly as a result of increasing international trade and economic growth. An activity-based approach is developed for forecasting CO2 emissions from the China-oriented international seaborne trade sector. To accurately estimate the aggregated emissions, CO2 emissions are calculated individually for five categories of vessels: crude oil tanker, product tanker, chemical tanker, bulk carrier, and container. A business-as-usual (BAU) scenario was developed to describe the current situation without additional mitigation policies, whilst three alternative scenarios were developed to describe scenarios with various accelerated improvements of the key factors. The aggregated CO2 emissions are predicted to reach 419.97 Mt under the BAU scenario, and 258.47 Mt under the optimal case, AD3. These predictions are 4.5 times and 2.8 times that of the aggregated emissions in 2007. Our analysis suggests that regulations for monitoring, reporting, and verifying the activities of vessels should be proposed, in order to quantify the CO2 emissions of marine transportation activities in Chinese territorial waters. In the long-term future, mitigation policies should be employed to reduce CO2 emissions from the marine trade sector and to address the climatic impact of shipping.
System-Level Value of a Gas Engine Power Plant in Electricity and Reserve Production
Authors: Alahäivälä Antti , Kiviluoma Juha , Leino Jyrki , Lehtonen Matti
Published: July 2017

Power systems require a certain amount of flexibility to meet varying demand and to be able to cope with unexpected events, and this requirement is expected to increase with the emergence of variable power generation. In this paper, we focus on gas engine power plant technology and the beneficial influence its flexible operation can have on a power system. The study introduces the concept of a combined-cycle gas engine power plant (CCGE), which comprises a combination of several gas-fired combustion engines and a steam turbine. The operation of CCGE is then comprehensively analyzed in electricity and reserve production in the South African power system and compared with combined-cycle gas turbine (CCGT) technology. Even though CCGE is a form of technology that has already been commercialized, it is rarely considered as a source of flexibility in the academic research. That is the notion providing the motivation for this study. Our core contribution is to show that the flexibility of CCGE can be valuable in power systems. The methodology is based on the unit-level model of the studied system and the solving of a day-ahead unit commitment problem for each day of the simulated 11-year period. The simulation studies reveal how a CCGE is able to offer system flexibility to follow hourly load variations and capacity to provide reserve power effectively.
Effectiveness of Polyacrylamide, Wood Shred Mulch, and Pine Needle Mulch as Post-Fire Hillslope Stabilization Treatments in Two Contrasting Volcanic Soils
Authors: Neris Jonay , Doerr Stefan , Notario del Pino Jesús , Arbelo Carmen , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Antonio
Published: July 2017

Post-fire hillslope stabilization treatments aim to reduce runoff-erosion risks following forest fires by counteracting the impact of fire on key soil and hillslope properties. Here we evaluate the effectiveness of wood shred mulch, long-leaved pine needle mulch, and polyacrylamide (PAM) in reducing post-fire runoff and erosion in two volcanic soil types of contrasting wettability using rainfall simulations (55 mm h−1 for 30 min) at the microplot (0.25 m2) scale. The cover provided by the wood shreds and pine needles led to a reduction of runoff and erosion in both the wettable—(62% and 92%, respectively, for wood shreds, and 55% and 87%, respectively, for needle mulch) and the extremely water-repellent soils (44% and 61%, respectively, for wood shreds). In contrast to what might be expected, PAM did not reduce runoff or erosion when applied to the extremely water-repellent soils, suggesting that PAM should not be applied in this terrain type. Although more research is needed to determine whether the high effectiveness of pine needle mulch and wood shred mulch fully translates to coarser scales, the results are encouraging in terms of these materials’ ability to provide effective and relatively economic mitigation treatments for fire-induced runoff-erosion risks in volcanic soils.
Response to Comment on Giuseppe Genchi et al. Mercury Exposure and Heart Diseases. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 74
Authors: Genchi Giuseppe , Sinicropi Maria , Carocci Alessia , Lauria Graziantonio , Catalano Alessia
Published: July 2017

We are grateful to Paknahad and coauthors for giving us the opportunity to consider the interesting papers by Kursun et al., Mortazavi S.M.J. et al., Mortazavi G. et al., Shahidi et al., Yilmaz et al., about the effects of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) produced by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or those generated by other sources such as mobile phones, mobile base stations, cordless phones, Wi-Fi routers, radio and TV broadcasting, and X-rays which can increase the mercury release from amalgam fillings [1,2,3,4,5,6].[...]
Constancy and Change: Key Issues in Housing and Health Research, 1987–2017
Authors: Lawrence Roderick
Published: July 2017

The low impact of scientific research on the relations between housing and health during the last 30 years can be attributed to a number of reasons. First, statistical analyses have meant to improve understanding of the relations between what are interpreted and measured as causal factors. However, any single statistical approach fails to account for the dynamic non-linear relations between multiple factors and therefore cannot analyze systemic complexity. Second, there has been too little accumulation and validation of knowledge from scientific research owing to the dominance of cross-sectional studies, and the lack of coordinated research agendas using these approaches in order to confirm empirical findings. Hence, there is little evidence indicating that public policies in both the housing and the public health sectors in specific localities have benefited from the accumulated evidence of empirical research. Third, the findings from empirical studies have been published in academic journals and monographs but rarely disseminated to actors and institutions in the public and private sectors. Hence housing and health research and policy formulation have not been consolidated during the last three decades. The author of this communication argues for a radical shift from conventional disciplinary and multi-disciplinary contributions to transdisciplinary research programmes and projects that formulate and apply innovative approaches founded on conceptual frameworks that apply systems thinking for the integration of knowledge and know-how of researchers, policy makers, and professional practitioners in precise localities.
Day-Ahead PM2.5 Concentration Forecasting Using WT-VMD Based Decomposition Method and Back Propagation Neural Network Improved by Differential Evolution
Authors: Wang Deyun , Liu Yanling , Luo Hongyuan , Yue Chenqiang , Cheng Sheng
Published: July 2017

Accurate PM2.5 concentration forecasting is crucial for protecting public health and atmospheric environment. However, the intermittent and unstable nature of PM2.5 concentration series makes its forecasting become a very difficult task. In order to improve the forecast accuracy of PM2.5 concentration, this paper proposes a hybrid model based on wavelet transform (WT), variational mode decomposition (VMD) and back propagation (BP) neural network optimized by differential evolution (DE) algorithm. Firstly, WT is employed to disassemble the PM2.5 concentration series into a number of subsets with different frequencies. Secondly, VMD is applied to decompose each subset into a set of variational modes (VMs). Thirdly, DE-BP model is utilized to forecast all the VMs. Fourthly, the forecast value of each subset is obtained through aggregating the forecast results of all the VMs obtained from VMD decomposition of this subset. Finally, the final forecast series of PM2.5 concentration is obtained by adding up the forecast values of all subsets. Two PM2.5 concentration series collected from Wuhan and Tianjin, respectively, located in China are used to test the effectiveness of the proposed model. The results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms all the other considered models in this paper.
Urban Green Space Perception and Its Contribution to Well-Being
Authors: Kothencz Gyula , Kolcsár Ronald , Cabrera-Barona Pablo , Szilassi Péter
Published: July 2017

Individual perceptions are essential when evaluating the well-being benefits from urban green spaces. This study predicted the influence of perceived green space characteristics in the city of Szeged, Hungary, on two well-being variables: the green space visitors’ level of satisfaction and the self-reported quality of life. The applied logistic regression analysis used nine predictors: seven perceived green space characteristics from a questionnaire survey among visitors of five urban green spaces of Szeged; and the frequency of green space visitors’ crowd-sourced recreational running paths and photographs picturing green space aesthetics. Results revealed that perceived green space characteristics with direct well-being benefits were strong predictors of both dependent variables. Perceived green space characteristics with indirect, yet fundamental, well-being benefits, namely, regulating ecosystem services had minor influence on the dependent variables. The crowd-sourced geo-tagged data predicted only the perceived quality of life contributions; but revealed spatial patterns of recreational green space use and aesthetics. This study recommends that regulating ecosystem services should be planned with a focus on residents’ aesthetic and recreational needs. Further research on the combination of green space visitors´ perceptions and crowd-sourced geo-tagged data is suggested to promote planning for well-being and health benefits of urban green spaces.
Three-Dimensional Modeling and Indoor Positioning for Urban Emergency Response
Authors: Zhang Xin , Chen Yongxin , Yu Linjun , Wang Weisheng , Wu Qianyu
Published: July 2017

Three-dimensional modeling of building environments and indoor positioning is essential for emergency response in cities. Traditional ground-based measurement methods, such as geodetic astronomy, total stations, and global positioning system (GPS) receivers, cannot meet the demand for high precision positioning and it is therefore essential to conduct multiple-angle data-acquisition and establish three-dimensional spatial models. In this paper, a rapid modeling technology is introduced, which includes multiple-angle remote sensing image acquisition based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), an algorithm to remove linear and planar foregrounds before reconstructing the backgrounds, and a three-dimensional modeling (3DM) framework. Additionally, an indoor 3DM technology is introduced based on building design drawings, and an indoor positioning technology is developed using iBeacon technology. Finally, a prototype system of the indoor and outdoor positioning-service system in an urban firefighting rescue scenario is introduced to demonstrate the value of the method proposed in this paper.
Effects of a New Nutraceutical Formulation (Berberine, Red Yeast Rice and Chitosan) on Non-HDL Cholesterol Levels in Individuals with Dyslipidemia: Results from a Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Spigoni Valentina , Aldigeri Raffaella , Antonini Monica , Micheli Maria , Fantuzzi Federica , Fratter Andrea , Pellizzato Marzia , Derlindati Eleonora , Zavaroni Ivana , Bonadonna Riccardo , Dei Cas Alessandra
Published: July 2017

Increased non high-density lipoprotein (HDL)/low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels are independent risk factors for cardiovascular (CV) mortality with no documented threshold. A new combination of nutraceuticals (berberine 200 mg, monacolin K 3 mg, chitosan 10 mg and coenzyme Q 10 mg) with additive lipid-lowering properties has become available. The aim of the study is to test the efficacy of the nutraceutical formulation (one daily) in lowering non-HDL cholesterol vs. placebo at 12 weeks in individuals with non-HDL-cholesterol levels ≥160 mg/dL. 39 subjects (age 52 ± 11 years; 54% females; body mass index 27 ± 4 kg/m2) were randomized (3:1) in a double blind phase II placebo-controlled study. At baseline, 4 and 12 weeks main clinical/biohumoral parameters, pro-inflammatory cytokines, (gut)-hormones, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) levels and endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) number were assessed. Baseline characteristics were comparable in the two groups. The intervention significantly decreased non-HDL cholesterol (−30 ± 20 mg/dL; p = 0.012), LDL cholesterol (−31 ± 18 mg/dL, p = 0.011) and apolipoprotein (Apo) B (−14 ± 12 mg/dL, p = 0.030) levels compared to the placebo. Pro-inflammatory, hormonal, PCSK9 and EPC levels remained stable throughout the study in both groups. The intervention was well tolerated. Three adverse events occurred: Epstein Barr virus infection, duodenitis and asymptomatic but significant increase in creatine phosphokinase (following intense physical exercise) which required hospitalization. The tested nutraceutical formulation may represent a possible therapeutic strategy in dyslipidemic individuals in primary prevention.
Effects of Protein-Iron Complex Concentrate Supplementation on Iron Metabolism, Oxidative and Immune Status in Preweaning Calves
Authors: Kupczyński Robert , Bednarski Michał , Śpitalniak Kinga , Pogoda-Sewerniak Krystyna
Published: July 2017

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of feeding protein-iron complex (PIC) on productive performance and indicators of iron metabolism, hematology parameters, antioxidant and immune status during first 35 days of a calf’s life. Preparation of the complex involved enzymatic hydrolysis of milk casein (serine protease from Yarrowia lipolytica yeast). Iron chloride was then added to the hydrolyzate and lyophilizate. Calves were divided into treated groups: LFe (low iron dose) 10 g/day calf of protein-iron complex, HFe (height iron dose) 20 g/day calf, and control group. Dietary supplements containing the lower dose of concentrate had a significant positive effect on iron metabolism, while the higher dose of concentrate resulted in increase of total iron binding capacity (TIBC), saturation of transferrin and decrease of and unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC), which suggest iron overload. Additionally, treatment with the lower dose of iron remarkably increased the antioxidant parameters, mainly total antioxidant (TAS) and glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx). Higher doses of PIC were related to lower total antioxidant status. IgG, IgM, insulin, glucose, TNFα and IGF-1 concentration did not change significantly in either group after supplementation. In practice, the use of protein-iron complex concentrate requires taking into account the iron content in milk replacers and other feedstuffs.
Functional Hybrid Materials Based on Manganese Dioxide and Lignin Activated by Ionic Liquids and Their Application in the Production of Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Klapiszewski Łukasz , Szalaty Tadeusz J. , Kurc Beata , Stanisz Małgorzata , Skrzypczak Andrzej , Jesionowski Teofil
Published: July 2017

Kraft lignin (KL) was activated using selected ionic liquids (ILs). The activated form of the biopolymer, due to the presence of carbonyl groups, can be used in electrochemical tests. To increase the application potential of the system in electrochemistry, activated lignin forms were combined with manganese dioxide, and the most important physicochemical and morphological-microstructural properties of the novel, functional hybrid systems were determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental analysis (EA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta potential analysis, thermal stability (TGA/DTG) and porous structure analysis. An investigation was also made of the practical application of the hybrid materials in the production of lithium ion batteries. The capacity of the anode (MnO2/activated lignin), working at a low current regime of 50 mA·g−1, was ca. 610 mAh·g−1, while a current of 1000 mA·g−1 resulted in a capacity of 570 mAh·g−1. Superior cyclic stability and rate capability indicate that this may be a promising electrode material for use in high-performance lithium ion batteries.
Using Biotechnology to Solve Engineering Problems: Non-Destructive Testing of Microfabrication Components
Authors: De Carvalho Carla , Inácio Patrick , Miranda Rosa , Santos Telmo
Published: July 2017

In an increasingly miniaturised technological world, non-destructive testing (NDT) methodologies able to detect defects at the micro scale are necessary to prevent failures. Although several existing methods allow the detection of defects at that scale, their application may be hindered by the small size of the samples to examine. In this study, the application of bacterial cells to help the detection of fissures, cracks, and voids on the surface of metals is proposed. The application of magnetic and electric fields after deposition of the cells ensured the distribution of the cells over the entire surfaces and helped the penetration of the cells inside the defects. The use of fluorophores to stain the cells allowed their visualisation and the identification of the defects. Furthermore, the size and zeta potential of the cells and their production of siderophores and biosurfactants could be influenced to detect smaller defects. Micro and nano surface defects made in aluminium, steel, and copper alloys could be readily identified by two Staphylococcus strains and Rhodococcus erythropolis cells.
Effect of Preservative Pretreatment on the Biological Durability of Corn Straw Fiber/HDPE Composites
Authors: Xuan Lihui , Hui Dongxue , Cheng Wanli , Wong Andrew H. H. , Han Guangping , Tan Wei Khong , Tawi Carlson A. D.
Published: July 2017

The effects of alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ) and zinc borate (ZB) on the resistance of corn stalk fiber (CSF)-reinforced high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites to biodegradation were examined. Both biocides could inhibit termites, mold fungi, and wood-decay fungi, even at high CSF formulations (i.e., 60%). Additionally, ACQ enhanced the resistance of the composite materials to certain biotic stresses better than ZB. The CSF/HDPE composites treated with ACQ at the 3.0% level exhibited a superior performance against termites, white rot fungi, and brown rot fungi. ACQ treatment at the 1% level was optimal for inhibiting soft rot fungi. Furthermore, mold growth was not observed on ACQ-treated CSF/HDPE samples. The untreated CSF/HDPE composites were more susceptible to mold infections and decay than the untreated poplar/HDPE composites, likely because of an incomplete removal of the pith. The chemical features of the corn stalk may also have influenced these differences, but this possibility will need to be explored in future investigations. Furthermore, the CSF component of CSF/HDPE composites is highly susceptible to fungal attacks, with the soft rot fungus inducing the largest mass losses, followed by the white rot fungus, and then the brown rot fungus.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti6Al4V Alloy Modified and Reinforced by In Situ Ti5Si3/Ti Composite Ribbon Inoculants
Authors: Li Nuo , Cui Chunxiang , Liu Shuangjin , Liu Shuiqing , Cui Sen , Wang Qian
Published: July 2017

This paper deals with a novel fabrication method (a vacuum rapid solidification technique) to prepare in situ Ti5Si3/Ti composite ribbon as inoculants to modify Ti6Al4V alloy to obtain titanium matrix composites (TMCs). Microstructure and morphology observations showed that the grain size of the TMCs was refined as the volume fraction of inoculants increased. The grain size of the TMCs can be refined from a grade of 650 μm to about 110 μm with a very small refiner adding ratio of 0.6% in weight. Thereafter, the mechanical properties of the TMCs, including their tensile strength, microhardness, impact properties, and resistant properties were improved obviously by adding the ribbon inoculants. The excellent grain refining and reinforcement effect can be attributed to the nano-sized Ti5Si3 refiner particles distributed homogeneously in the matrix, the well-banded particle/matrix interface, and the good wettability between the Ti5Si3 particles in inoculants and the Ti6Al4V alloy melt, which are benefit for the heterogeneous nucleation of the TMCs during solidification.
Coffee Consumption and Heart Rate Variability: The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) Cohort Study
Authors: De Oliveira Rackel , Araújo Larissa , De Figueiredo Roberta , Goulart Alessandra , Schmidt Maria , Barreto Sandhi , Ribeiro Antonio
Published: July 2017

Studies have shown that acute coffee ingestion can affect cardiovascular autonomic activity, although the chronic effects on heart rate variability (HRV) remain controversial. Method: A cross-sectional study with baseline data (2008–2010) from ELSA-Brasil cohort of 15,105 (aged 35–74), based in six Brazilian states. Coffee consumption in the previous 12 months was measured using the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and HRV was obtained through electrocardiographic tracings during 10 min at rest. Independent association between the frequency of coffee consumption “never or almost never”, “≤1 cup/day”, “2–3 cups/day”, “≥3 cups/day”, and HRV was estimated using generalized linear regression, adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics, health-related behavior, markers of abnormal metabolism, and the presence of coronary artery disease. Further, we applied Bonferroni correction in the full models. Results: The mean age was 52 years (standard deviation (SD) = 9.1), and 52% was female; 9.5% never/almost never consumed coffee. In univariate analysis, coffee consumers had reduced values of HRV indexes, but after full adjustments and correction for multiple comparisons, these associations disappeared. A trend of reduction in HRV vagal indexes was observed in those that consumed ≥3 cups of coffee/day. Conclusion: Most of the effects attributed to the chronic use of coffee on the HRV indexes is related to the higher prevalence of unhealthy habits in coffee users, such as smoking and alcohol use. Adjustment for confounding factors weaken this association, making it non-significant. The effect of higher daily doses of coffee on the autonomic system should be evaluated in further studies.
Sphenostylis stenocarpa (ex. A. Rich.) Harms., a Fading Genetic Resource in a Changing Climate: Prerequisite for Conservation and Sustainability
Authors: Nnamani Catherine , Ajayi Sunday , Oselebe Happiness , Atkinson Christopher , Igboabuchi Anastasia , Ezigbo Eucharia
Published: July 2017

The southeastern part of Nigeria is one of the major hotspots of useful plant genetic resources. These endemic species are associated with a rich indigenous knowledge and cultural diversity in relation to their use and conservation. Sphenostylis stenocarpa (ex. A. Rich.) Harms., (African Yam Bean (AYB)), is one such crop within the family of Fabaceae. Its nutritional and eco-friendly characteristics have value in ameliorating malnutrition, hidden hunger and environmental degradation inherent in resource-poor rural and semi-rural communities throughout Africa. However, lack of information from the custodians of this crop is limiting its sustainable development. Therefore, ethnobotanical surveys on the diversity, uses, and constraints limiting the cultivation and use of the crop in southeastern Nigeria were carried out. Five-hundred respondents were randomly selected and data collected through oral interviews and focused group discussion (FGD). Semi-structured questionnaires (SSQ) were also used to elicit information from a spectrum of AYB users comprising community leaders, farmers, market women and consumers in five States. Results showed that the majority of the respondents lacked formal education and were of the age group of 40–50 years, while the female gender dominated with limited access to land and extension officers. Seed coat colour largely determined utilization. Long cooking time, requirement for staking materials, aging of farmers and low market demand were among the major constraints limiting further cultivation and utilization of AYB. In-situ conservation was by hanging dried fruits by the fireside, beside the house, storing in earthenware, calabash gourds, cans and bottles. It is concluded that there is urgent need to scale up conservation through robust linkages between contemporary scientific domains and indigenous peoples in order to harness and incorporate the rich indigenous knowledge in local communities for enhanced scientific knowledge, biodiversity conservation and its sustainable utilization for food security.
Hydrogenolysis and Activation of Soda Lignin Using [BMIM]Cl as a Catalyst and Solvent
Authors: Zhang Shengming , Liu Liang , Fang Guizhen , Yan Ning , Ren Shixue , Ma Yanli
Published: July 2017

To improve the reactivity of the soda lignin, an acid ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-mthylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) was used as the catalyst and solvent to degrade the soda lignin through hydrogenolysis. Structural elucidation of the lignin samples was conducted by using a combination of analytical methods including chemical analysis, ultraviolet spectrophotometry (UV spectrophotometry), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR spectra), two-dimensional heteronuclear single quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-HSQC NMR) techniques, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The antioxidant activities of the lignin samples were evaluated using the diammonium 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS+) radical scavenging and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging methods. The degradation mechanism was proposed based on the characterization results. The optimal reaction condition was as follows: the concentration of [BMIM]Cl in the solution was 10 wt %, the hydrogen initial pressure was 3 MPa, and the solution was heated for 4 h at 90 °C. After the reaction, the total hydroxyl content of the soda lignin increased by 81.3%, while the phenolic hydroxyl content increased by 23.1%. At the same time, the weight-average molar mass of the soda lignin sample decreased from 8220 to 6450 g/mol with an improved antioxidant activity. In addition, approximately 56.7% of the β-O-4 linkages were degraded in the lreaction. The main effect of the acid ionic liquid [BMIM]C1 was related to the cleavage of β-O-4 linkages. This study has shown the potential of using the catalyzed soda lignin as a natural polymer antioxidant.
Vesicles from Amphiphilic Dumbbells and Janus Dendrimers: Bioinspired Self-Assembled Structures for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Taabache Soraya , Bertin Annabelle
Published: July 2017

The current review focuses on vesicles obtained from the self-assembly of two types of dendritic macromolecules, namely amphiphilic Janus dendrimers (forming dendrimersomes) and amphiphilic dumbbells. In the first part, we will present some synthetic strategies and the various building blocks that can be used to obtain dendritic-based macromolecules, thereby showing their structural versatility. We put our focus on amphiphilic Janus dendrimers and amphiphilic dumbbells that form vesicles in water but we also encompass vesicles formed thereof in organic solvents. The second part of this review deals with the production methods of these vesicles at the nanoscale but also at the microscale. Furthermore, the influence of various parameters (intrinsic to the amphiphilic JD and extrinsic—from the environment) on the type of vesicle formed will be discussed. In the third part, we will review the numerous biomedical applications of these vesicles of nano- or micron-size.
Assessing the Value of UAV Photogrammetry for Characterizing Terrain in Complex Peatlands
Authors: Lovitt Julie , Rahman Mir , McDermid Gregory
Published: July 2017

Microtopographic variability in peatlands has a strong influence on greenhouse gas fluxes, but we lack the ability to characterize terrain in these environments efficiently over large areas. To address this, we assessed the capacity of photogrammetric data acquired from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV or drone) to reproduce ground elevations measured in the field. In particular, we set out to evaluate the role of (i) vegetation/surface complexity and (ii) supplementary LiDAR data on results. We compared remote-sensing observations to reference measurements acquired with survey grade GPS equipment at 678 sample points, distributed across a 61-hectare treed bog in northwestern Alberta, Canada. UAV photogrammetric data were found to capture elevation with accuracies, by root mean squares error, ranging from 14–42 cm, depending on the state of vegetation/surface complexity. We judge the technology to perform well under all but the most-complex conditions, where ground visibility is hindered by thick vegetation. Supplementary LiDAR data did not improve results significantly, nor did it perform well as a stand-alone technology at the low densities typically available to researchers.
Stem Measurements and Taper Modeling Using Photogrammetric Point Clouds
Authors: Fang Rong , Strimbu Bogdan
Published: July 2017

The estimation of tree biomass and the products that can be obtained from a tree stem have focused forest research for more than two centuries. Traditionally, measurements of the entire tree bole were expensive or inaccurate, even when sophisticated remote sensing techniques were used. We propose a fast and accurate procedure for measuring diameters along the merchantable portion of the stem at any given height. The procedure uses unreferenced photos captured with a consumer grade camera. A photogrammetric point cloud (PPC) is produced from the acquired images using structure from motion, which is a computer vision range imaging technique. A set of 18 loblolly pines (Pinus taeda Lindl.) from east Louisiana, USA, were photographed, subsequently cut, and the diameter measured every meter. The same diameters were measured on the point cloud with AutoCAD Civil3D. The ground point cloud reconstruction provided useful information for at most 13 m along the stem. The PPC measurements are biased, overestimating real diameters by 17.2 mm, but with a reduced standard deviation (8.2%). A linear equation with parameters of the error at a diameter at breast height (d1.3) and the error of photogrammetric rendering reduced the bias to 1.4 mm. The usability of the PPC measurements in taper modeling was assessed with four models: Max and Burkhart [1], Baldwin and Feduccia [2], Lenhart et al. [3], and Kozak [4]. The evaluation revealed that the data fit well with all the models (R2 ≥ 0.97), with the Kozak and the Baldwin and Feduccia performing the best. The results support the replacement of taper with PPC, as faster, and more accurate and precise product estimations are expected.