bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Income Tax and VAT Review as Evaluation of Tax Obligations
Authors:   Politeknik Negeri Bali, Sanjaya I Kadek Yoga , Darmayasa I N ,   Politeknik Negeri Bali, Mandia I N ,   Politeknik Negeri Bali
Published: November 2020

This research aims to provide a further understanding on the matter of (1) the condition of tax compliance of income tax and VAT on foreign services, (2) contingent liabilities arising after a review of tax obligations. The data used in this research are primary data such as interviews about the general description of the company and tax obligations, while secondary data in the form of general ledgers, commercial financial reports, reported tax return and other tax supporting documents. The method used for this research is qualitative method as a case study. The tax review performed is a review of the income tax article 21, income tax article 23, income tax article 4 paragraph 2, income tax article 26, corporate income tax and VAT on foreign services. The conclusion of this research are (1) the condition of tax compliance on PT BCL was still classified as under comply both in accordance with national and international assessment standards; (2) contingent liabilities arise marked by a discrepancy between the value of the reported tax object and the value of the tax object based on the review until the delay in payment and reporting tax obligations.
Accounting Analysis in Accounts Receivable Management to Minimize the Risk of Uncollectible Receivables at ALS Hotel and Resort
Authors:   Politeknik Negeri Bali, Suwantari N L M Puri , Ariana I M ,   Politeknik Negeri Bali, Suprapto P Adi ,   Politeknik Negeri Bali
Published: November 2020

ALS Hotel and Resort applies a credit policy in its operations. The high level of credit sales owned by the hotel, which is followed by the high number of delinquent receivables, has the potential to become uncollectible accounts. Therefore, proper management of accounts receivable is required. This research aims to determine the effect of the application of accounts receivable accounting treatment on the effectiveness of accounts receivable management in minimizing the risk of uncollectible receivables at ALS Hotels and Resort. This research used data obtained through unstructured interviews, observation, and documentation. The data analysis technique used was descriptive qualitative analysis technique and quantitative descriptive. The results of this research showed that the accounting treatment for ALS Hotel and Resort accounts receivable was following the Financial Accounting Standards. Accounts receivable management effectiveness was not yet effective because hotel management has not considered all 5C principles. The receivables collection policy has not been optimal due to the receivable turnover ratio and average collection period that show sub-standard results and impact on the arrears and billing ratios. The suitability of accounting treatment for accounts receivable provides relevant information that the management of accounts receivable to minimize uncollectible receivables has not been effective.
The Effect of Budget Participation, Budget Emphasis, and Compensation on Budget Slack at Le Grande Bali
Authors:   Politeknik Negeri Bali, Dewi Anak Agung Istri Indah Utari , Putrayasa I M A ,   Politeknik Negeri Bali, Suarjana A A G M ,   Politeknik Negeri Bali
Published: November 2020

Managers and supervisors at Le Grande Bali participate in preparing company budgets and pressured to be able to achieve budget targets, so managers and supervisors make it easier to achieve budget targets through budgetary slack to get compensation in the form of bonuses but also offset by penalties to managers and supervisors and all existing employees at Le Grande Bali a truth inducing system. This study aims to determine the effect of budget participation, budget emphasis, and compensation on budgetary slack both partially and simultaneously on Le Grande Bali. The type of data used in this study is primary data obtained by distributing questionnaires to respondents. The questionnaire was distributed to the Head of Department and supervisors of each section department and subordinates who were involved in the budgeting process at Le Grande Bali. The sampling method in this study uses saturated samples using multiple linear regression analysis techniques. The results of this study indicate that: (1) Budget participation does not affect budgetary slack. (2) Budget emphasis has a significant positive effect on budgetary slack. (3) Compensation has no effect on budgetary slack. (4) Budget participation, budget emphasis, and compensation simultaneously have a significant positive effect on budgetary slack.
Problems of using active-recuperative suspension and ways to solve them
Authors: Zamyslov V. M , Yesakov A. E
Published: November 2020

The aim of the work is to reveal the unobvious disadvantages of active-recuperative suspension, as well as to identify possible options for dealing with them. Such problems are the danger of suspension breakdown in the active mode, the impossibility of operating in the regenerative mode when the suspension deformation rate is below the threshold, and the system operation in swing mode. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that these aspects of the functioning of the active-recuperative suspension system were not previously considered. The problem of the increased risk of suspension breakdown is that in the active mode, the deformation of the elastic device occurs not only due to the work of external disturbance (road irregularities), but also due to the work performed by the actuator. The following solutions are offered: correct selection of system parameters; collection of additional information about the roughness profile; introduction of preventive measures into the control algorithm. The problem of the impossibility of operating in a regenerative mode at a suspension deformation rate below the threshold is that the electromotive force of induction on the rotor winding at low speeds may be lower than the threshold charging voltage at the terminals of the energy storage device. The following solutions are offered: dry friction in the suspension; introduction of a shock absorber with a pronounced degressive characteristic into the suspension structure; lowering the charging threshold voltage by separating the supply and charging circuits using a voltage converter; introduction of a “scattering chain” into the armature chain; optimal control of the excitation circuit. The problem of the system operation in the swing mode is that, under certain conditions, energy is supplied to the oscillatory system through the actuator, resulting in a gradual increase in the oscillation amplitude. The following solutions are proposed: the introduction of an additional damper or regenerative connection on the deformation rate of the suspension.
Methodology for conducting climatic tests in cabins and habitable compartments of wheeled and tracked vehicles
Authors: Vereshchagin S. B
Published: November 2020

In the course of many years of climate research and analysis of research works by other authors, a number of methodological errors were identified that did not allow obtaining objective and reliable research results in some cases. As a result of evaluating a number of research materials of domestic and foreign researchers, it was revealed that the real temperature and humidity characteristics are hidden inside the habitable compartments. This was done, most likely due to a commercial interest in distorted research results. Since the beginning of the 90s of the twentieth century, the author often had to take part in works of improving the climatic characteristics inside the inhabited compartments of special wheeled and tracked vehicles, but the vehicles were completely unsuitable for installing climate control systems by their design and did not have free power to ensure their mechanical and electrical drive. It is especially difficult to provide the required climatic characteristics in the habitable compartments at high temperatures. This is due to the fact that the cost of cold in the habitable compartment is 5-7 times higher than the cost of heat, besides, the units used to generate cold require greater precision and quality of manufacture compared to other units, and large vibration and shock loads lead to damage system parts and assemblies and refrigerant leaks. The studies were carried out to objectively assess the heat fluxes entering the cabins and habitable compartments. The results were compared with previous methodological developments. In the process of research it was determined that the main heat load of the cabins and habitable compartments is borne by solar radiation, penetrating into the habitable compartment through transparent fences. The recommendations for climatic testing of full-size vehicles and cabin prototypes based on the results of field studies were given. Full-scale climatic tests are inherently the most difficult, since they depend on changeable weather, and in many cases cannot be objectively reproduced in a climatic chamber.
Mobility of aggregates of promising missile systems based on road trains with an active trailed link
Authors: Berdnikov A. A , Strel'tsov R. V , Dyunov V. A , Zol'nikov I. V
Published: November 2020

The aggregates of advanced missile systems (AAMS) include autonomous launchers of a mobile ground missile complex, transport-and-installation, refueling, maintenance and auxiliary technical means of technological equipment, which must have operational, tactical and strategic mobility. Operationaland tactical mobility is understood as the ability of the AAMS to move from one point to another in a certain time. Strategic mobility is characterized by the adaptability of the AAMS to its loading and transporting by other types of transport, including rail, air, water. The average speed of movement is taken as a measure of mobility, which should be developed by AAMS in order to ensure the timeliness, efficiency and safety of performing the assigned tasks, as well as the possibility of getting out of the influence of the damaging factors of a nuclear explosion, primarily from excess pressure in the front of the shock blast wave. It is possible to increase the mobility of the AAMS by locating it on the basis of road trains, however, the existing designs of aggregates of road trains have disadvantages that reduce the flotation and, as a result, the average speed of movement, these include low support and geometric flotation. The geometric flotation is influenced by design factors. For example, an increase in overall width is typical for a road train, as the trailing link under the influence of lateral reactions of the supporting surface relative to the tractor track is shifted towards the instantaneous turning center. This displacement causes an increase in resistance to movement on deformable soils, and, consequently, a deterioration in flotation and a decrease in a number of other operational properties of the road train. It is possible to increase the mobility of the AAMS by placing them on the basis of a road train with an active trailed link, controlling the distribution of power flows supplied to the wheels of an all-wheel drive road train depending on the possibility of realizing free traction by each wheel, changing the position of the road train center of inflexions depending on the steering wheel angle and maneuver.
Entropy-statistical analysis of the air conditioning cycle of an aircraft
Authors: Merkulov V. I , Tishchenko I. V , Abalakin S. A
Published: November 2020

Most modern aircrafts widely use air conditioning systems in order to ensure comfortable flight conditions for passengers and crew, as well as to cool the equipment of the aircraft. The aircraft industry is developing every year and the requirements for such systems are growing. Preliminary calculations and analysis of such systems are of key importance in their development. Such calculations will help to determine the entire further path of system development and prevent many errors. They also help to regularly improve the performance of systems, in particular, their energy characteristics. The main requirements for systems are reliability, energy efficiency, and weight-and-dimensional characteristicss. The paper is devoted to analysis of the efficiency of the system and its individual units. In addition, there is considered separately the influence of third-party factors on the efficiency of the system, in particular, the presence of moisture in the working air flow. This article discusses the results of thermodynamic calculation and analysis by the entropy-statistical method of the air conditioning system in various operating modes. The efficiency of the system as a whole is considered and the influence of imperfection of each of its units in particular is analyzed. The standard parameters of the operation of such systems on airplanes were taken as the initial parameters for calculating the systems. For the analysis, a system with a two-wheel turbo-cooling unit with moisture removal on the high-pressure path was selected. A schematic diagram of the system is given, formulas for calculating the minimum required work to compensate the production of entropy for the units of the system are presented. To ensure the calculations, the software complexes MathCAD, Coolprop and Matlab were used.
Increase of strength of cast-iron cylinder liners of engines of road construction vehicles
Authors: Ovsyannikov V. E , Shpitko G. N , Nekrasov R. Yu , Vas'kov D. E
Published: November 2020

Cylinder liners made of gray cast iron are quite widespread in the design of engines of road construction vehicles. The negative properties of this structural material include relatively low strength and high fragility. This increases the probability of both manufacturing and operational defects. Therefore, improving the performance of the considered parts is an urgent problem. A promising direction in this case is the use of chemical-and-thermal treatment. The aim of the work is to study the effect of chemical-and-thermal treatment of gray cast iron on strength. The paper investigates the strength of cast iron subjected to chemical-and-thermal treatment (thermal diffusion surface alloying). On the basis of experimental studies, the effect of the thickness of the hardened layer on the strength was studied. A numerical model is created in the Ansys software. The effect of the hardened layer on the strength of cylinder liners of engines of road-building vehicles is investigated.
Optimization of the ethanol-fuel emulsion composition for use in diesel engines
Authors: Plotnikov S. A , Kartashevich A. N , Plyago A. V , Pachurin G. V
Published: November 2020

The use of alternative fuels of biological origin, in particular, alcohols, should be considered as a matter for the very near future. Scientists around the world are exploring more and more concentrated compositions of ethanol-fuel emulsions with various additives. However, to date, the reasonable limits of substitution of diesel fuel with ethanol have not been determined. Taking into account the depth of the problem, first of all, it is necessary to consider the creation of ethanol-fuel emulsions with a number of necessary properties, which is possible only if additives are used. The analysis of the additives used in the fuel showed that the directional effect of the additives is usually very narrow. Accordingly, a complex action additive is required to ensure a number of necessary properties of ethanol-fuel emulsions. The tests were carried out in several stages. The stability of the new fuel composition was investigated using various additives. The additive with the best performance was determined and adopted for further use in experiments. Further, the comparative tests of the operation of the fuel supply equipment, both on the basic fuel and on new fuel compositions, were carried out. The final stage of the research was to check the parameters of the engine operability as a whole when working at the main load and speed modes. The article considers a possible variant of the action of a complex additive based on molybdenum disulfide MoS2 as a combustion ignibitor. A hypothetical type and mechanism of reactions occurring in the combustion chamber of a diesel engine is presented. The results of experiments on the performance of injectors 455.1112010-50 on various compositions of new fuels and under changing conditions are shown. Environmental performance indicators of the 4ChN 11.0 / 12.5 engine are considered when operating according to the external speed characteristic on various fuel compositions. Based on the results of the data analysis, conclusions were drawn about the limitation of the presence of ethanol in the mixture and the substitution limit for the main fuel was justified.
Overview of approaches to driver fatigue recognition and existing technical solutions
Authors: Saprykin Ya. D , Ryazantsev V. I , Smirnov A. A
Published: November 2020

The article analyzes the existing methods for determining the driver's condition. Driving in a state of fatigue, according to various statistics, is the cause of a large number of road traffic accidents (RTA). The percentage of accidents in Russia associated with the driver falling asleep while driving in 2018 is about 20%, in the USA the number of accidents for the same reason reaches 100,000 per year. The aim of the work is to review existing approaches to recognizing driver fatigue and existing technical solutions in this area. The article discusses such approaches as fatigue recognition based on the physiological state of the driver, recognition based on the driver's behavior, namely his speech and visual signs while driving, fatigue determination based on the nature of the vehicle's movement on the road and based on the driver's actions on the controls, the approaches based on the subjective assessment of the driver's condition. The advantages and disadvantages of each of the approaches were analyzed. The paper also provides an overview of existing fatigue recognition systems from various manufacturers that are currently used on vehicles and are designed to warn the driver of impending fatigue. It was revealed that in modern conditions of road transport operation, the most optimal approaches to fatigue recognition are based on an assessment of the driver's impact on the steering wheel, visual signs of driver fatigue and the nature of the vehicle's movement on the road, therefore, it is proposed to further focus on these methods.
Experimental evaluation of the load capacity of the rollers of gravity conveyors for pallets
Authors: Safronov Ye. V , Nosko A. L
Published: November 2020

The main approaches to calculating the load capacity of the carrying rollers of gravity conveyors are presented. It is shown that in practice, in the designs of modern non-driven conveyors for pallets, the priority when choosing the pitch of the carrier rollers is the stability of the movement of the load, rather than minimizing the number of rollers. In connection with the urgent task of reducing the metal consumption and the cost of gravity roller conveyors for pallets, the purpose of the work is to experimentally determine the load capacity of the rollers of gravity conveyors for pallets with plastic bearing housings. The experimental studies were carried out in the laboratory of the Department of Applied Mechanics on a Galdabini Quasar 50 universal testing machine using a special roller support for two roller designs - with a solid axis and on half-axles. The test results showed that the stiffness of a roller with a solid axis in the load range up to 670 N is about 1358.4 N / mm, and in the load range from 670 to 1500 N - 2229.9 N / mm. The rigidity of the roller on the axle shafts in the entire load range is 2048.0 N / mm. The analysis of the obtained results showed that for loads over 670N the use of the axle slightly increases the stiffness coefficient, and, on the contrary, it decreases in the load range up to 670N. In order to reduce the cost of carrying rollers with plastic bearing housings, it is advisable to use a design on semi-axles.
Simulation of vehicle tires based on the finite element method
Authors: Tomashevskiy S. B
Published: November 2020

Modeling of wheeled vehicles is one of the main directions of development and practical application of software systems based on modeling the dynamics of body systems. In this paper, a technique for analyzing a vehicle tire by the finite element method under various types of loading is considered in order to identify the parameters of its simplified dynamic models. Based on the finite element method, a refined tire model is created. It takes into account the complex geometric shape of various tire parts, their material properties, as well as the contact interaction of the tire with the support. The efficiency of this model was tested, both when performing static calculations of the stress-strain state of the tire from the action of an external load, and when solving the generalized eigenvalue problem. The great influence of external load on the natural frequencies and vibration modes of the tire is confirmed. One of the possible applications of the considered method of finite element modeling of a tire is the performance of refined calculations of the dynamics of wheeled vehicles in the “Universal Mechanism” software package. There are several variants of dynamic tire models that can be used to study the dynamics of off-road wheeled vehicles, including a model based on the method of discrete elements and a model based on the method of coupled substructures. A model based on the method of discrete elements represents a number of absolutely solid bodies-particles, connected to each other and by a wheel disk by a set of elastic-dissipative elements. Each particle of this model has three linear degrees of freedom relative to the wheel disk. The results of calculations of the refined finite element model of the tire are necessary to identify the mass and elastic-dissipative properties of this dynamic tire model. In the model based on the method of connected substructures, the elastic displacements of the tire are represented as the sum of the admissible shapes of the elastic body. Static and natural vibration modes are used as permissible forms of an elastic body, calculated using a refined finite element model of the tire.
Comparative characteristics of diesel engines and gas turbine power plants for mobile vehicles
Authors: Gusarov V. A , Godzhaev Z. A
Published: November 2020

The paper considers the use of diesel-electric power plants on mobile vehicles, analyzes their use and application. Comparative power and mass characteristics of diesel and gas turbine power units are given; the positive and negative aspects of their use are shown. The efficiency of the introduction of gas turbine engines on tractors of various traction classes for agricultural purposes has been determined and a new kinematic diagram of the power plant of a mobile vehicle has been developed. An analysis was carried out and it was established that gas turbine agricultural equipment was never produced in Russia. There were carried out the individual experimental studies of not of a systemic nature, which were terminated for reasons independent of the result. The aim of the work is to develop an innovative kinematic diagram with an electric drive and a power unit based on a gas turbine engine for a mobile agricultural vehicle, using the latest advances in science and technology in terms of the development of gas turbine technologies. It has been established that the mass-energy characteristics of gas turbine plants are much better than diesel ones: the level of vibration is significantly lower, the torque of the power plant at low speeds is higher, the operation of the tractor is simpler. All these open up wide prospects for their use on mobile agricultural vehicles. Experimental studies on the processing of 1 hectare of area in terms of economic efficiency have shown the indisputable advantage of an almost laboratory model of a tractor with a gas turbine engine, relative to the same tractor with a diesel engine, which has been produced for many years, expressed, despite a slightly higher fuel consumption, in the use of cheaper kerosene.
Mathematical modeling of the functioning process of a single-cylinder air-cooled diesel engine taking into account the consumption of crankcase gases
Authors: Pavlov D. V , Platonov K. Yu , Khmelev R. N
Published: November 2020

At present, the most effective method for studying internal combustion engines (ICE) is mathematical modeling and computational experiment. The use of a computational experiment can significantly reduce material and time costs in the research, design and refinement of the internal combustion engine. At the same time, despite the high level of the applied mathematical models, there are practically no studies aimed at establishing the regularities of the influence of the state of the cylinder-piston group (CPG) on the crankcase gas consumption and other indicators of engine operation at steady-state and transient modes. This article is devoted to solving an urgent problem associated with the development of a theoretical base that provides a comprehensive simulation of steady-state and transient modes of diesel engine operation, taking into account the consumption of crankcase gases. The article presents a mathematical model of a diesel engine based on thermal mechanics, which reflects the main features of the engine as a system that converts energy in time. The system of equations of the mathematical model is based on the laws of conservation of energy, mass, equations of motion of solid links and includes differential equations for the rates of change in the temperature and density of the working fluid in the cylinder and in the crankcase of the internal combustion engine, the ideal gas equation of state, as well as differential equations for the change in the angular speed and angle of motor shaft rotation. The mathematical model is tested on the example of a small-sized single-cylinder diesel engine 1Ch9.5 / 8.0 with air cooling. This type of engine is widely used for small-scale mechanization in agriculture, generator sets, etc. The article presents the results of calculations of a number of engine operating modes in comparison with the results of field tests carried out at the test bench.
Technical and economic analysis of the efficiency of a low-power wind farm in the climatic conditions of the center of the European part of Russia
Authors: Jinov A. A , Shevelev D. V , Metlitsky N. E
Published: November 2020

Nowadays, the world is actively developing alternative energy based on solar energy and wind energy. The reason for this is the obvious signs of global warming, probably caused by the emissions of greenhouse gases - products of combustion of fossil fuels. The production of electrical energy at solar and wind power plants, unlike traditional thermal power plants, does not lead to the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. This article examines the potential of wind power plants in the central zone of the European part of Russia, using the example of the Kaluga region. The open climatic data METAR of the meteorological station of the Kaluga International Aerodrome named after Konstantin E. Tsiolkovsky (KLF) was used when writing the paper. Authors used data on the average wind speed for three-hour intervals over one year. An analysis of the wind speed was carried out and a graph of the probability of observing one or another wind speed was built. The graph showed that the average wind speed in the Kaluga region is about 2 ... 4 m / s. The calculation of the generation of electrical energy by a serial low-power wind generator was made, the coefficient of utilization of the installed capacity of the ICUM = 7% was determined. It has been established that the Kaluga region has a low wind energy potential. It is possible to obtain electricity from wind in the Kaluga Region, but calculations shown that the payback period for such power plants under these conditions, even without taking into account the costs of installation, auxiliary equipment and maintenance of the wind generator, is about 30 years. As a result of the study, it was concluded that there is no economic feasibility of operating low-power wind power plants in the central zone of the European part of Russia.
La néocolonialité des curricula du primaire au Cameroun: 1963-2001
Authors: Nna Emmanuel Thiery
Published: November 2020

Cette réflexion vise à démontrer qu’en dépit de l’accession du Cameroun à l’indépendance, en 1960, l’influence française se perpétue insidieusement sur les programmes de formation primaire de ce pays, de 1963 à 2001. Cela est dû à l’héritage d’une école primaire conçue pour garantir les intérêts coloniaux français; l’incapacité du Cameroun à refonder librement son école et, par ricochet, la sollicitation des ressources de la France à cet effet. Ainsi, la prééminence de celle-ci sur les curricula est tangible à travers la forte présence des données européennes et notamment françaises, l’absence et l’évocation vague des réalités endogènes. Ce qui entrave l’enracinement des enseignements; favorise l’acculturation des Camerounais et défavorise leur insertion dans le système productif national et au final, freine la marche du pays vers le développement économique et socioculturel.
Façonner l’âme d’une nation par l’histoire : La vulgarisation historique, selon Marie-Claire Daveluy (1880–1968)
Authors: Bienvenue Louise
Published: November 2020

Évanescente par nature, la culture historique des sociétés n’est pas une chose facile à saisir. C’est pourquoi il convient de prêter attention aux divers canaux par lesquels se forgent, se renforcent et se transforment les grandes narrations historiques, y compris les circuits apparemment moins nobles que l’on dit, précisément, vulgarisés. Dans cet article, on s’intéressera aux efforts déployés par la femme de lettres et historienne, Marie-Claire Daveluy (1880–1968), pour diffuser ses connaissances en marge et en complément du système scolaire officiel. Première membre féminine de la Société historique de Montréal, Daveluy était une savante, ainsi qu’une passionnée d’archives. Pour autant, elle n’a jamais cessé d’œuvrer comme une éducatrice populaire auprès de plusieurs publics qui ont semblé l’apprécier. Pendant au moins quatre décennies, en effet, elle a multiplié les efforts pour diffuser l’histoire auprès du plus grand nombre. Multiforme, son œuvre de vulgarisation historique — conférences, articles de revues et d’almanachs, cérémonies commémoratives, théâtre, radio, contes et romans pour enfants — témoigne d’un engagement soutenu en faveur de la démocratisation des connaissances à une époque où les Canadiens français étaient sous-scolarisés. Loin d’être désintéressé, le savoir historique valorisé par Daveluy était conçu comme un important vecteur de vertus civiques ainsi qu’un réservoir de motifs pour la survivance du Canada français.
Constitutional Rights at the Kitchen Table: British Columbia Francophones and the Making of a Minority-Language Educational System
Authors: Kenny Nicolas
Published: November 2020

In a recent landmark decision, the Supreme Court of Canada confirmed that the underfunding of British Columbia’s Conseil scolaire francophone constitutes a breach of Charter of Rights and Freedoms guarantees in matters of minority-language education. While this marked the end of a decade of judicial proceedings, this article situates the decision in a broader historical context by examining the struggle to develop French-language educational programs in BC. If the province did not experience the education crises that tore through other parts of Canada in the decades following Confederation, BC francophones seized on the growing acceptance of bilingualism in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s to fight for an education system catering to their linguistic and cultural aspirations. Shifting the scholarly focus from the constitutional negotiating tables at which sat politicians and high-level bureaucrats to the kitchen tables around which parent groups gathered to formulate their demands, this article traces the grassroots battle to bring French-language schools to the province with Canada’s highest rate of linguistic assimilation.
Eckhardt Fuchs and Eugenia Roldán Vera, eds., The Transnational in the History of Education: Concepts and Perspectives
Authors: Töpper Daniel
Published: November 2020

Review of "Eckhardt Fuchs and Eugenia Roldán Vera: The Transnational in the History of Education – Concepts and Perspectives." Cham: Palgrave Macmillan 2019. ISBN 978-3-030-17167-4; XXV, 317 p.
Encounters with Sexuality: The Management of Inappropriate Body Behaviour and Body Talk in Late Nineteenth-Century British Columbia Schools
Authors: Barman Jean
Published: November 2020

Of all the issues that students, parents, teachers, and schools encounter, few are as difficult to manage as sexuality. We persist in believing that the body does not belong in the classroom except as an object of study or improvement. Inappropriate body behaviour and body talk with a sexual edge intimidates us, so much so that accounts tend to be oblique or non-existent. Their scarcity makes particularly valuable a set of records that survive from British Columbia in the late nineteenth century. Even though public education was then becoming centralized, a general unwillingness to face up to issues of sexuality caused almost all of the thirty allegations that were located in the superintendent of education’s correspondence to be resolved at the local level. The most frequent tactic used was parental boycott of the school. The allegations are divided between those against teachers and those against students. Regardless of who was implicated, the teacher was almost always caught in the middle and ended up resigning.
Interrelationship between thermal conditions and indoor pollutants in primary schools of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Shree Venu , Marwaha Bhanu M , Awasthi Pamita
Published: November 2020

Thermal conditions in primary school buildings are very important to ensure healthy aproductive learning environment in primary classrooms. In addition to thermal conditions, poor indoor air quality (IAQ) may decrease productivity, reduced ability of learning, health threats, lack of attentiveness etc. This study is an attempt to discover the interrelationship of the thermal conditions with indoor pollutants in primary schools of Himachal Pradesh, India. The study summarizes the investigation of eight naturally ventilated schools in Hamirpur city of Himachal Pradesh (India). The on-site investigation was performed to monitor the concentration of Carbon monoxide (CO), Carbon dioxide (CO2), Particulate Matter (PM2.5) as indoor pollutants and Indoor Temperature, Humidity and Ventilation rate for thermal conditions. The Higher concentration of indoor Particulate Matter (PM2.5) has found associated with humidity and ventilation rate. However, the CO2 concentration has found directly associated with temperature and ventilation rate. Indoor pollutants were also found associated with some building design parameters of the primary school building. Based on the data analysis, some recommendations are made to reduce the exposure of pollutants to the occupants in the conclusion.
Environment impact of nitrogen losses from agriculture under different management practices
Authors: LR Pooja , Singh Renu , Shrivastava Manoj , Das Ruma , Sangwan Seema , Misra Shivdhar
Published: November 2020

Nitrogen (N) fertilization is playing a vital role in increasing crop production and ensuring food security. The global population which is growing exponentially has reached nearly 7.5 billion in 2015 (from 1.65 billion in 1900).The sole reason behind this is synthetic nitrogen fertilizer, it alone supported 3.5 billion people otherwise it would be somewhere around 3.5-4 billion. Imbalanced use of N fertilizer leads to N deficient condition which affects plants growth and development also in N surplus condition it has a huge negative impact on environment and human welfare. It includes negative effects on biodiversity, eutrophication, nitrate accumulation in waters, acidification of soil and water bodies, nitrous oxide emissions and risks to human health due to exposure to ozone and particulate matter. In agricultural systems, when fertilizer is applied to crop is mainly prone to losses through ammonia (NH3) volatilisation, nitrate (NO3-) leaching and denitriﬁcation. Loss of N in the form of NH3 and NO3- mainly depends on various factors like temperature, soil pH, soil moisture, soil properties, plant characteristics, seasonal fluctuations. An integrated approach is must to minimize N losses and increase crop yield. In broader sense, options to minimize NH3 volatilization and NO3 leaching are fertilizer, soil and irrigation based management strategies. Fertilizer management options like 4R nutrient stewardship concept applying the Right Source of nutrients, at the Right Rate, at the Right Time and in the Right Place. Managing soil by practicing conservational tillage with crop based scheduled irrigation. This small change in nutrient, soil and irrigation management find way to make improvements in the nutrient use efficiency, profitability in farming, environmental safety and sustainable ecosystem with fertilizers in the developing world.
The Relationship Between Communication Skills and Early Maladaptive Schemas in Pediatric Nurses
Authors: Mohammadi Golnaz , Sheikholeslami Farzaneh , Chehrzad MinooMitra , Kazemnezhad Leili Ehsan
Published: November 2020

Abstract Introduction: In nursing, the communication between the nurse and the child is the core of child care. Some barriers can affect the nurse-patient relationship to have proper communication skills for child care. Objective: This study aimed to examine the correlation between communication skills and early maladaptive schemas in nurses working in pediatric wards. Materials and Methods: This is an analytical and correlational study. The participants were 178 nurses working in a children’s hospital in Rasht City, Iran in 2016. The data collection tool was a three-part questionnaire: A demographic form, the interpersonal communication skills scale (ASMA), and the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF). The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Friedman and Spearman tests. Results: The majority of nurses were younger than 30 years (80.8%), had a bachelor’s degree in nursing (89.0%), were married (65.1%), had children (54.8%), were living in urban areas (95.2%), had employment status (63.3%) and less than 15 years of work experience (46.5%). The highest mean scores of ASMA (44.12±0.53) and YSQ-SF tools (2.65±1.04) were related to general communication skills and then disconnection and rejection, respectively. The results of the Spearman correlation test showed that the overall ASMA score had significant negative correlations with early maladaptive schemas of impaired autonomy and performance (r= -0.283), impaired limits (r= -0.421), other-directedness (r= -0.303), and disconnection and rejection (r= -0.302) (P=0.0001). Conclusion: Nurses who have a higher level of early maladaptive schemas showed poorer communication skills. Examining maladaptive schemas in nurses may provide appropriate strategies to improve their communication skills.
Health Literacy and Its Related Factors in Non-Medical College Students
Authors: Namazi Asiyeh
Published: November 2020

Abstract Introduction: Health literacy plays a vital role in health education and health promotion and has received increasing attention as a means to improve health outcomes and reduce health inequality. The students’ awareness of health literacy and their weaknesses in this area are essential for educational planning. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the health literacy of non-medical college students and it’s affecting factors. Materials and Methods: This is a correlational study conducted on 250 non-medical students at the Islamic Azad University of Rasht branch, Rasht City, Iran in the academic year 2018-2019. They were selected using a random sampling method. The data collection tool was the Health Literacy For Iranian Adults (HELIA) questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using the descriptive and analytical statistics (t-test, the Pearson correlation test, and the Chi-square test). Results: The Mean±SD of the HELIA score was 68.44±12.72 (out of 100). About 6.8% of students had inadequate health literacy, 29.6% problematic health literacy, 54.4% adequate health literacy, and 9.2% excellent health literacy. Students had the highest score in the dimensions of understanding Mean±SD (77.11±15.82) and access Mean±SD (72.35±16.73), while in decision-making and applying health information Mean±SD (55.62±15.01) they had the lowest score. There was no statistically significant correlation between students’ age and health literacy scores, but a statistically significant relationship was reported between their gender and health literacy levels (P=0.049). The Internet (54.8%) and physicians and health workers (27.2%) were the most important sources of information about health for students. Conclusion:  Many students lacked sufficient health literacy. Since most of them received information about health issues through the Internet, educational health programs and contents can be provided to them through the Internet and social networks.
Relationship of Humidity and Atmospheric Pressure With the Risk of Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Borghei Yasaman , Moghadamnia Mohammad Taghi , Emami Sigaroudi Abdolhossein , Kazemnezhad Leili Ehsan
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Climate change, which affects human health, is one of the most important public health concerns. Few studies have examined the effects of humidity and atmospheric pressure as risk factors on the cardiac system and Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest. Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between climatic variables (humidity and atmospheric pressure) with Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest , and its outcome over 3 years (2016-2018). Materials and Methods: This is an ecological time-series study. Participants were 392 patients with Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest referred to Hospital in Rasht City, Iran from 2016 to 2018. Meteorological data and information related to Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest and its consequences were collected from reliable resources and were analyzed in R software. Results: Low humidity increased the relative risk of Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest (OR=1.54, 95%CI: 1.001-2.69, P=0.001) and failed cardiopulmonary resuscitation (OR=1.76, 95% CI; 1.006-3.79, P=0.001). Higher atmospheric pressure was associated with increased risk of Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest (OR=1.16, 95%CI; 1.001-1.78, P=0.001) and unsuccessful cardiopulmonary resuscitation (OR=1.039, 95% CI; 1.005-1.91, P=0.001). Conclusion: Decreased humidity and increased atmospheric pressure are associated with an increased number of Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest cases and failure of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Informing people with cardiovascular disease to avoid such weather conditions, as well as preparing the medical care team and designing early warning systems, can reduce the adverse effects of climate change on the heart.
The Mediating Role of Defensive Mechanisms in the Relationship between Social Phobia and Alexithymia in University Students
Authors: Nasiri Mansour , Donyavi Reza , Dousti Yarali
Published: November 2020

Abstract Introduction: Psychological factors play a key role in people's emotional responses to different social situations.  Objective: This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of defense mechanisms in the relationship between social phobia and alexithymia, in the students of Farhangian University, Sari City, Iran.     Materials and Methods: This was an analytical, correlational study that specifically used structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all students of the Farhangian University of Sari city, Iran, in the academic year of 2019-2020. A sample of 234 people was recruited with the available sampling method. The social phobia inventory, defense mechanism questionnaire, and Toronto alexithymia scale were used to measure the research variables. Finally, the proposed model was evaluated using structural equation modeling.   Results: The results showed that social phobia variables, undeveloped defensive mechanisms, and psychotic defensive mechanisms are positively correlated with alexithymia. Also, there is a significant negative correlation between developed defensive style and alexithymia (P = 0.001). The results indicated significant correlations of social phobia (r = 0.28), undeveloped defensive style (r = 0.31), psychotic defensive style (r = 0.28), and developed defensive style (r = -0.30) with alexithymia (P = 0.001). Moreover, the research model was approved: defensive mechanisms mediate the relationship between social phobia and alexithymia in the students. The defensive mechanisms and social phobia affect 48% of the alexithymia variable.    Conclusion: The students with adaptive defensive mechanisms experience lower social phobia and alexithymia symptoms. Also, social phobia indirectly affects alexithymia through the mediating role of defense mechanisms.
PRODUKSI SABUN CUCI PIRING DAN SABUN MANDI RUMAH TANGGA SEBAGAI UPAYA PENINGKATAN KEMANDIRIAN MASYARAKAT
Authors: Purwaniati  , Emma Emawati  , Anne Yuliantini  , Winasih Rahmawati  , Idar
Published: November 2020

Sabun cuci piring dan sabun mandi merupakan perbekalan kesehatan rumah tangga (PKRT) yang hampir pasti dibutuhkan oleh setiap rumah tangga. Pada sebagian rumah tangga, pengeluaran untuk kedua jenis produk tersebut cukup memberatkan secara ekonomi. Produksi sabun mandi dan sabun cuci piring yang relatif sederhana prosesnya dengan bahan-bahan yang relatif mudah didapat, diharapkan berdampak positif terhadap perekonomian mereka. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dilingkungan masyarakat Babakan Baru, kelurahan Sukapada, kecamatan Cibeunying Kidul, Kota Bandung. Kegiatan terdiri dari ; pretest, penyuluhan tentang sabun mandi dan sabun cuci piring, produksi dan pengemasan sabun cuci piring dan sabun mandi, dan diakhiri dengan posttest. Masyarakat peserta umumnya menyatakan senang dan merasa terbantu dengan adanya kegiatan ini.
PENGGUNAAN BAHAN TAMBAHAN PANGAN ALAMI SEBAGAI PANGAN SEHAT PADA “LAUK TULANG LUNAK ISLAMI” HALALAN THAYYIBAN
Authors: Anny Sartika Daulay  , Muhammad Hizbullah
Published: November 2020

Ibu-ibu Muallaf di sekitar Desa Amplas Kecamatan Percut Sei Tuan Kabupaten Deli Serdang merupakan bagian daripada ibu rumah tangga yang tergolong dalam perempuan dengan emansipasi wanita. Kelompok Ibu-ibu Muallaf ini terdiri dari 1 (satu) Ketua dan 2 (dua) orang anggota. Permasalahan yang dihadapi mitra kelompok ibu-ibu muallaf ini adalah kurangnya kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap produk makanan yang dihasilkan. Hal ini tercermin dari pelanggan pecal ulek ibu tersebut merupakan komunitas masyarakat agama lain. Maka keadaan ekonomi keluarga ibu-ibu ini tetap dalam ekonomi lemah. Produk Lauk Tulang Lunak Mix Sayur Pecal Ulek Islami Halalan dan Thayyiban yang dihasilkan harus memenuhi parameter kelayakan makanan sebagai minuman yang halal dan menyehatkan sesuai persyaratan yang ditentukan. Produksi usaha ini direncanakan dilakukan setiap hari. Lauk yang digunakan dapat berupa ayam, ikan lele atau ikan nila. Semua bahan lauk yang digunakan dalam keadaan segar. Lauk dan sayuran diolah dengan bumbu penyedap, pengawet, pewarna yang alami. Makanan yang dihasilkan dalam pengabdian ini halal dan menyehatkan. Hasil pengabdian PKM ini yang secara langsung dapat diterima oleh masyarakat adalah penambahan modal usaha dalam bentuk bahan dasar usaha pecel ulek dengan lauk ayam tulang lunak. Nilai penjualan yang dimulai dari Rp. 3000,- sekarang menjadi Rp. 10.000,- Penghasilan ibu muallaf ini dapat ditingkatkan menjadi Rp. 5000,- untuk tiap porsinya. Jika pada awal penjualan yang terjual sekitar 20 porsi, maka hasil yang merupakan keuntungan berkisar Rp. 100.000,- perharinya. Diharapkan usaha ini dapat berjalan dan terus berkembang sehingga penghasilan mitra dapat meningkat seiring dengan berjalannya waktu.