bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Repeated ketamine administration redeems the time lag for citalopram's antidepressant-like effects
Authors: Zhang G.-F. , Liu W.-X. , Qiu L.-L. , Guo J. , Wang X.-M. , Sun H.-L. , Yang J.-J. , Zhou Z.-Q.
Published: March 2015

Current available antidepressants exhibit low remission rate with a long response lag time. Growing evidence has demonstrated acute sub-anesthetic dose of ketamine exerts rapid, robust, and lasting antidepressant effects. However, a long term use of ketamine tends to elicit its adverse reactions. The present study aimed to investigate the antidepressant-like effects of intermittent and consecutive administrations of ketamine on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rats, and to determine whether ketamine can redeem the time lag for treatment response of classic antidepressants. The behavioral responses were assessed by the sucrose preference test, forced swimming test, and open field test. In the first stage of experiments, all the four treatment regimens of ketamine (10 mg/kg ip, once daily for 3 or 7 consecutive days, or once every 7 or 3 days, in a total 21 days) showed robust antidepressant-like effects, with no significant influence on locomotor activity and stereotype behavior in the CUMS rats. The intermittent administration regimens produced longer antidepressant-like effects than the consecutive administration regimens and the administration every 7 days presented similar antidepressant-like effects with less administration times compared with the administration every 3 days. In the second stage of experiments, the combination of ketamine (10 mg/kg ip, once every 7 days) and citalopram (20 mg/kg po, once daily) for 21 days caused more rapid and sustained antidepressant-like effects than citalopram administered alone. In summary, repeated sub-anesthestic doses of ketamine can redeem the time lag for the antidepressant-like effects of citalopram, suggesting the combination of ketamine and classic antidepressants is a promising regimen for depression with quick onset time and stable and lasting effects.
Effects of control on the performance of information systems projects: The moderating role of complexity risk
Authors: Liu Shan
Published: March 2015

Highlights

Control modes are positively associated with the system performance of projects.

Complexity risk differentially moderates the effectiveness of control.

Behavior and self‐control are ineffective under high complexity risk.

Outcome and clan control are highly effective under high complexity risk.
Saskatchewan Movement Disorders Program
Authors: Rajput Ali H. , Rajput Alex
Published: March 2015

We review the Saskatchewan Movement Disorders Program, which started in 1968 and has had the dual goals of patient care and research. The clinics are structured to collect research-worthy data including videos, longitudinal follow-up, and autopsy studies of patients seen in the clinics. At every clinic visit, the patient is evaluated by one or both authors. A total of 25% to 30% of the deceased come to autopsy. Frozen half-brain and formalin-fixed remnants from autopsy are preserved in our laboratories. Patients not seen in our clinic are not included in research, which makes it different from brain banks. So far, 515 cases have come to autopsy. So far, there have been 17 collaborating scientific teams from Canada, the United States, Europe, and Japan. The collaborators are not charged for access to our resources. This program offers a unique opportunity to study multiple aspects of movement disorder patients seen in clinical practice.
Performance of rapid-grown KDP crystals with continuous filtration
Authors: Hu Guohang , Wang Yueliang , Chang Junxiu , Xie Xiaoyi , Zhao Yuanan , Qi Hongji , Shao Jianda
Published: March 2015

Rapid growth processing of KDP crystals was improved by employing continuous filtration to eliminate bulk defects. The performances of the KDP crystals, including scattering defects, laser damage resistance and transmittance, were measured and analyzed. Compared with rapid-grown KDP without continuous filtration, the transmittance in the near-infrared was increased by at least 2%, almost all of ‘micron size’ defects were eliminated and ‘sub-micron size’ defects were decreased by approximately 90%. Laser damage testing revealed that the laser-induced damage thresholds (LIDTs), as well as the consistency of the LIDTs from sample to sample, were improved greatly. Moreover, it identified that ‘micron size’ defects were the precursors which initiated laser damage at relative lower laser fluence (4–6 J cm−2), and there was a lower correlation between smaller size scattering defects and laser damage initiation. The improved consistency in the LIDTs, attributed to elimination of ‘micron size’ defects, and LIDT enhancement originated from the decreased absorption of the KDP crystals.
An entomological review of invasive mosquitoes in Europe
Authors: Medlock J.M. , Hansford K.M. , Versteirt V. , Cull B. , Kampen H. , Fontenille D. , Hendrickx G. , Zeller H. , Van Bortel W. , Schaffner F.
Published: March 2015

Among the invasive mosquitoes registered all over the world,Aedesspecies are particularly frequent and important. As several of them are potential vectors of disease, they present significant health concerns for 21st century Europe. Five species have established in mainland Europe, with two (Aedes albopictusandAedes japonicus) becoming widespread and two (Ae. albopictusandAedes aegypti) implicated in disease transmission to humans in Europe. The routes of importation and spread are often enigmatic, the ability to adapt to local environments and climates are rapid, and the biting nuisance and vector potential are both an ecomonic and public health concern. Europeans are used to cases of dengue and chikungunya in travellers returning from the tropics, but the threat to health and tourism in mainland Europe is substantive. Coupled to that are the emerging issues in the European overseas territorities and this paper is the first to consider the impacts in the remoter outposts of Europe. If entomologists and public health authorities are to address the spread of these mosquitoes and mitigate their health risks they must first be prepared to share information to better understand their biology and ecology, and share data on their distribution and control successes. This paper focusses in greater detail on the entomological and ecological aspects of these mosquitoes to assist with the risk assessment process, bringing together a large amount of information gathered through the ECDC VBORNET project.
Using comparative genomics to develop a molecular diagnostic for the identification of an emerging pest Drosophila suzukii
Authors: Murphy K.A. , Unruh T.R. , Zhou L.M. , Zalom F.G. , Shearer P.W. , Beers E.H. , Walton V.M. , Miller B. , Chiu J.C.
Published: March 2015

Drosophila suzukii (Spotted Wing Drosophila) has recently become a serious invasive pest of fruit crops in the USA, Canada, and Europe, leading to substantial economic losses. D. suzukii is a direct pest, ovipositing directly into ripe or ripening fruits; in contrast, other Drosophilids utilize decaying or blemished fruits and are nuisance pests at worst. Immature stages of D. suzukii are difficult to differentiate from other Drosophilids, posing problems for research and for meeting quarantine restrictions designed to prevent the spread of this pest in fruit exports. Here we used a combined phylogenetic and bioinformatic approach to discover genetic markers suitable for a species diagnostic protocol of this agricultural pest. We describe a molecular diagnostic for rapid identification of single D. suzukii larva using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Our molecular diagnostic was validated using nine different species of Drosophila for specificity and 19 populations of D. suzukii from different geographical regions to ensure utility within species.
Greek Literature
Authors: Heath Malcolm
Published: March 2015

When I started writing these reviews I presaged aggravated grumpiness in reaction to proliferating guides, handbooks and companions (G&R52 [2005], 250). Subsequent experience has disconfirmed that prediction. I am not quite megalomaniac enough to believe that my threat cowed editors into raising their standards, nor modest enough to believe that my own standards have been subverted by mere habituation. Perhaps, then, proliferation itself has raised standards by increasing competition. However that may be, the current crop illustrates two ways in which specimens of the genre can earn their keep. TheCambridge Companion to Greek Comedyachieves success by combining consistent excellence on the part of the contributors with a well-conceived and well-executed editorial plan. Martin Revermann's introduction is a model of how it should be done: he sets out the agenda (approaching the Greek comic tradition as a continuum, and moderating as far as possible the Aristophano-, Menandro-, and Athenocentricity of our evidence) and provides an overview, giving lucid summaries of individual chapters that also highlight their interconnections and their contributions to the overall structure (‘Setting the Stage’, ‘Comic Theatre’, ‘Central Themes’ ‘Politics, Law and Social History’, ‘Reception’). Andreas Willi, on ‘The Language(s) of Comedy’, does an especially fine job on a difficult brief; I was also impressed by Ralph Rosen's thoughtful essay on the ‘comic hero’ (a category with which I feel uncomfortable). But, in singling out those two for mention, I do not mean to detract from the high quality sustained throughout.
Making business scents: how to harvest incense sustainably from the globally threatened lansan treeProtium attenuatum
Authors: Daltry Jennifer C. , Prospere Alfred , Toussaint Adams , Gengelbach Jana , Morton Matthew N.
Published: March 2015

Wild tree resins generate billions of dollars in revenue annually but many species face extinction. The lansan treeProtium attenuatumhas disappeared across most of its range as a result of overexploitation for its valuable oleoresin, which is used as incense. This study in Saint Lucia aimed to determine whether lansan resin could be harvested sustainably. Over 34 months, 298 trees were tapped using 10 experimental methods, and compared with 74 controls. Significantly more resin was produced by tapping the same trees repeatedly, tapping trees with a wider girth, cutting the same part of the trunk repeatedly, and, in particular, spraying diluted sulphuric acid on the cut. Applying 5 and 30% sulphuric acid boosted yields by 58 and 134%, respectively, without negative impacts on tree growth, condition or mortality. In contrast, traditional methods used by local tappers were destructive, causing greater decay and infection, slower growth rates and increased mortality. Results show tappers can obtain more resin and maintain healthy populations by tapping mature trees of ≥ 20 cm diameter at breast height, using only one shallow cut per tree (refreshed every 2 weeks) and applying weak sulphuric acid solution. A blind survey found consumers could not distinguish between incense produced with or without this stimulant. A national management plan has been devised whereby tappers will be licensed and trained in the optimal method and granted their own forest coupes to manage under Forestry Department supervision. The methods and findings may guide the sustainable use and conservation of other resin-producing trees.
A review of the nest protection hypothesis: does inclusion of fresh green plant material in birds’ nests reduce parasite infestation?
Authors: SCOTT-BAUMANN JAMES F. , MORGAN ERIC R.
Published: March 2015

The use of aromatic plants and their essential oils for ectoparasite treatment is a field of growing interest. Several species of birds regularly introduce aromatic herbs into their nests putatively to reduce parasites. The behaviour is most often seen in cavity nesting birds and after nest building has finished. The plants are included in a non-structural manner and are often strongly aromatic. Various different hypotheses have been proposed regarding the function of this behaviour; from the plants altering some non-living factor in the nest (crypsis, water loss and insulation hypotheses) to them being involved in mate selection (mate hypothesis) or even having a beneficial effect, direct or indirect, on chicks (drug or nest protection hypothesis, NPH). Many studies have been carried out over the years observing and experimentally testing these hypotheses. This review focuses on studies involving the most popular of these hypotheses, the NPH: that plants decrease nest parasites or pathogens, thereby conveying positive effects to the chicks, allowing the behaviour to evolve. Studies providing observational evidence towards this hypothesis and those experimentally testing it are discussed.
Altered mesocorticolimbic functional connectivity in psychotic disorder: an analysis of proxy genetic and environmental effects
Authors: Peeters S. C. T. , Gronenschild E. H. B. M. , van de Ven V. , Habets P. , Goebel R. , van Os J. , Marcelis M. ,   for Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (G.R.O.U.P.)
Published: March 2015

Background

Altered dopaminergic neurotransmission in the mesocorticolimbic (MCL) system may mediate psychotic symptoms. In addition, pharmacological dopaminergic manipulation may coincide with altered functional connectivity (fc) ‘in rest’. We set out to test whether MCL-fc is conditional on (familial risk for) psychotic disorder and/or interactions with environmental exposures.

Method

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were obtained from 63 patients with psychotic disorder, 73 non-psychotic siblings of patients with psychotic disorder and 59 healthy controls. With the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) as seed region, fc within the MCL system was estimated. Regression analyses adjusting for a priori hypothesized confounders were used to assess group differences in MCL connectivity as well as gene (group) × environmental exposure interactions (G × E) (i.e. to cannabis, developmental trauma and urbanicity).

Results

Compared with controls, patients and siblings had decreased fc between the right NAcc seed and the right orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) as well as the left middle cingulate cortex (MCC). Siblings showed decreased connectivity between the NAcc seed and lentiform nucleus compared with patients and controls. In addition, patients had decreased left NAcc connectivity compared with siblings in the left middle frontal gyrus. There was no evidence for a significant interaction between group and the three environmental exposures in the model of MCL-fc.

Conclusions

Reduced NAcc–OFC/MCC connectivity was seen in patients and siblings, suggesting that altered OFC connectivity and MCC connectivity are vulnerability markers for psychotic disorder. Differential exposure to environmental risk factors did not make an impact on the association between familial risk and MCL connectivity.
Psychological treatments for early psychosis can be beneficial or harmful, depending on the therapeutic alliance: an instrumental variable analysis
Authors: Goldsmith L. P. , Lewis S. W. , Dunn G. , Bentall R. P.
Published: March 2015

Background

The quality of the therapeutic alliance (TA) has been invoked to explain the equal effectiveness of different psychotherapies, but prior research is correlational, and does not address the possibility that individuals who form good alliances may have good outcomes without therapy.

Method

We evaluated the causal effect of TA using instrumental variable (structural equation) modelling on data from a three-arm, randomized controlled trial of 308 people in an acute first or second episode of a non-affective psychosis. The trial compared cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) over 6 weeks plus routine care (RC) v. supportive counselling (SC) plus RC v. RC alone. We examined the effect of TA, as measured by the client-rated CALPAS, on the primary trial 18-month outcome of symptom severity (PANSS), which was assessed blind to treatment allocation.

Results

Both adjunctive CBT and SC improved 18-month outcomes, compared to RC. We showed that, for both psychological treatments, improving TA improves symptomatic outcome. With a good TA, attending more sessions causes a significantly better outcome on PANSS total score [effect size −2.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.90 to −4.91]. With a poor TA, attending more sessions is detrimental (effect size +7.74, 95% CI +1.03 to +14.45).

Conclusions

This is the first ever demonstration that TA has a causal effect on symptomatic outcome of a psychological treatment, and that poor TA is actively detrimental. These effects may extend to other therapeutic modalities and disorders.
Exploring the underlying structure of mental disorders: cross-diagnostic differences and similarities from a network perspective using both a top-down and a bottom-up approach
Authors: Wigman J. T. W. , van Os J. , Borsboom D. , Wardenaar K. J. , Epskamp S. , Klippel A. ,   MERGE, Viechtbauer W. , Myin-Germeys I. , Wichers M.
Published: March 2015

Background

It has been suggested that the structure of psychopathology is best described as a complex network of components that interact in dynamic ways. The goal of the present paper was to examine the concept of psychopathology from a network perspective, combining complementary top-down and bottom-up approaches using momentary assessment techniques.

Method

A pooled Experience Sampling Method (ESM) dataset of three groups (individuals with a diagnosis of depression, psychotic disorder or no diagnosis) was used (pooledN= 599). The top-down approach explored the network structure of mental states across different diagnostic categories. For this purpose, networks of five momentary mental states (‘cheerful’, ‘content’, ‘down’, ‘insecure’ and ‘suspicious’) were compared between the three groups. The complementary bottom-up approach used principal component analysis to explore whether empirically derived network structures yield meaningful higher order clusters.

Results

Individuals with a clinical diagnosis had more strongly connected moment-to-moment network structures, especially the depressed group. This group also showed more interconnections specifically between positive and negative mental states than the psychotic group. In the bottom-up approach, all possible connections between mental states were clustered into seven main components that together captured the main characteristics of the network dynamics.

Conclusions

Our combination of (i) comparing network structure of mental states across three diagnostically different groups and (ii) searching for trans-diagnostic network components across all pooled individuals showed that these two approaches yield different, complementary perspectives in the field of psychopathology. The network paradigm therefore may be useful to map transdiagnostic processes.
A pragmatic randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a facilitated exercise intervention as a treatment for postnatal depression: the PAM-PeRS trial
Authors: Daley A. J. , Blamey R. V. , Jolly K. , Roalfe A. K. , Turner K. M. , Coleman S. , McGuinness M. , Jones I. , Sharp D. J. , MacArthur C.
Published: March 2015

Background

Postnatal depression affects about 10–15% of women in the year after giving birth. Many women and healthcare professionals would like an effective and accessible non-pharmacological treatment for postnatal depression.

Method

Women who fulfilled the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 criteria for major depression in the first 6 months postnatally were randomized to receive usual care plus a facilitated exercise intervention or usual care only. The intervention involved two face-to-face consultations and two telephone support calls with a physical activity facilitator over 6 months to support participants to engage in regular exercise. The primary outcome was symptoms of depression using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at 6 months post-randomization. Secondary outcomes included EPDS score as a binary variable (recovered and improved) at 6 and 12 months post-randomization.

Results

A total of 146 women were potentially eligible and 94 were randomized. Of these, 34% reported thoughts of self-harming at baseline. After adjusting for baseline EPDS, analyses revealed a −2.04 mean difference in EPDS score, favouring the exercise group [95% confidence interval (CI) −4.11 to 0.03, p = 0.05]. When also adjusting for pre-specified demographic variables the effect was larger and statistically significant (mean difference = −2.26, 95% CI −4.36 to −0.16, p = 0.03). Based on EPDS score a larger proportion of the intervention group was recovered (46.5% v. 23.8%, p = 0.03) compared with usual care at 6 months follow-up.

Conclusions

This trial shows that an exercise intervention that involved encouragement to exercise and to seek out social support to exercise may be an effective treatment for women with postnatal depression, including those with thoughts of self-harming.
Biometric sensors rapid prototyping on field-programmable gate arrays
Authors: Conti Vincenzo , Militello Carmelo , Sorbello Filippo , Vitabile Salvatore
Published: March 2015

Biometric user authentication in large-scale distributed systems involves passive scanners and networked workstations and databases for user data acquisition, processing, and encryption. Unfortunately, traditional biometric authentication systems are prone to several attacks, such as Replay Attacks, Communication Attacks, and Database Attacks. Embedded biometric sensors overcome security limits of conventional software recognition systems, hiding its common attack points. The availability of mature reconfigurable hardware technology, such as field-programmable gate arrays, allows the developers to design and prototype the whole embedded biometric sensors. In this work, two strong and invasive biometric traits, such as fingerprint and iris, have been considered, analyzed, and combined in unimodal and multimodal biometric sensors. Biometric sensor performance has been evaluated using the well-known FVC2002, CASIA, and BATH databases.
The Dialectic of Recognition and the Rediscovery of China: After Orientalism
Authors: Tsui Chiann Karen , Berman Russell A.
Published: March 2015

The cultural relationship between China and the West, including the hypothesis of a rediscovery, does not fit neatly into the binary pattern implied by the model of Orientalism associated with post-colonial theory. Even in the era of high imperialism, the Sino-Western relationship involved complexities for which the paradigm of colonizer and colonized is too simplistic and therefore requires a theorization of a post-Orientalism. As evidence, the narrative fragment ‘The Boxer Rebellion’, by the Austrian author Arthur Schnitzler, published posthumously in 1957, explores the psychological dynamic between a European soldier and a Chinese prisoner in order to demonstrate the immanent ambivalence of imperialism and its Orientalist categories.
The Beijing 2008 Olympics: Examining the Interrelations of China, Globalization, and Soft Power
Authors: Giulianotti Richard
Published: March 2015

This article explores the national and global significance and impact of Beijing’s hosting of the 2008 summer Olympic Games. The discussion is organized into four main parts. First, I locate the 2008 Beijing Olympics in the context of wider processes of globalization; in particular, I explore how China ‘glocalized’ the Olympics, by giving the event distinctive meanings that were then experienced by global television audiences. Second, I employ the concept of ‘soft power’ to explore how, in hosting the event, China sought to advance its international influence and appeal; I introduce the concept of ‘soft disempowerment’ to examine how there may have been some negative impacts for China in staging the Olympics. Third, I discuss issues of security surrounding the Beijing Olympics, given the growing focus on such questions for sport mega-events in general following the 9/11 attacks in 2001. Fourth, I outline some of the key issues regarding sporting legacies for China, following the 2008 Olympics, with particular reference to Chinese football.
Interests, Values, and Geopolitics: The Global Public Opinion on China
Authors: Kang Liu
Published: March 2015

The essay discusses the public opinion surveys on the rise of China in the United States, Asia and Latin America since 2010, conducted by Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Duke University’s collaborative research team headed by the author. It examines the world public recognition of China’s growing influence, their attitudes toward China’s influence, and reactions to the ‘China Model’ and impressions of China’s political, economic, social, and cultural development. These assessments of China’s domestic issues or internal behavior show not only the amount of information and knowledge that the people in various countries know about China, but the intrinsic value judgments and ideological biases that influence their perceptions of China. The essay argues that the rise of China is a complicated phenomenon with a multifarious nature, including material dimensions, such as military power, economic development, and technological innovation, as well as ideational dimensions, such as perception, understanding, or prejudice. Public opinion, attitudes and perceptions of China’s rise are the outcome of dynamic interactions and assemblage of factors, a synergy of material interests, ideational and emotional reactions, and values, ideologies, principles, unraveling themselves against a highly volatile, precarious and contentious geopolitical backdrop, in which the interests of nation-states and individuals became all intertwined and inseparable.
Re-conceptualizing China in our Time: From a Chinese Perspective
Authors: Longxi Zhang
Published: March 2015

China as a concept had not been put under much scrutiny and challenge until the recent postmodern and postcolonial theoretical discourse on nation and nationhood, and the radical scepticism about tradition and homogeneity. Some scholars have questioned whether China could have been a nation state before there was any nation state in Europe, and others have challenged the very notions of China and Chineseness. How do the Chinese themselves respond to such scepticism and challenge? How does one re-conceptualize China at the present time? By drawing on recent debates on such important issues, this essay tries to find some answers and offers some views from a Chinese perspective, while fully engaging Western theoretical discourses, to attempt an international dialogue and meaningful exchange.
Trends in consumption of ultra-processed foods and obesity in Sweden between 1960 and 2010
Authors: Juul Filippa , Hemmingsson Erik
Published: March 2015

Objective

To investigate how consumption of ultra-processed foods has changed in Sweden in relation to obesity.

Design

Nationwide ecological analysis of changes in processed foods along with corresponding changes in obesity. Trends in per capita food consumption during 1960–2010 were investigated using data from the Swedish Board of Agriculture. Food items were classified as group 1 (unprocessed/minimally processed), group 2 (processed culinary ingredients) or group 3 (3·1, processed food products; and 3·2, ultra-processed products). Obesity prevalence data were pooled from the peer-reviewed literature, Statistics Sweden and the WHO Global Health Observatory.

Setting

Nationwide analysis in Sweden, 1960–2010.

Subjects

Swedish nationals aged 18 years and older.

Results

During the study period consumption of group 1 foods (minimal processing) decreased by 2 %, while consumption of group 2 foods (processed ingredients) decreased by 34 %. Consumption of group 3·1 foods (processed food products) increased by 116 % and group 3·2 foods (ultra-processed products) increased by 142 %. Among ultra-processed products, there were particularly large increases in soda (315 %; 22v. 92 litres/capita per annum) and snack foods such as crisps and candies (367 %; 7v. 34 kg/capita per annum). In parallel to these changes in ultra-processed products, rates of adult obesity increased from 5 % in 1980 to over 11 % in 2010.

Conclusions

The consumption of ultra-processed products (i.e. foods with low nutritional value but high energy density) has increased dramatically in Sweden since 1960, which mirrors the increased prevalence of obesity. Future research should clarify the potential causal role of ultra-processed products in weight gain and obesity.
Adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research cancer prevention recommendations and breast cancer risk in the Cancer de Màma (CAMA) study
Authors: Fanidi Anouar , Ferrari Pietro , Biessy Carine , Ortega Carolina , Angeles-Llerenas Angélica , Torres-Mejia Gabriella , Romieu Isabelle
Published: March 2015

Objective

We investigated the association between adherence to the recommendations of the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) and breast cancer (BC) risk in the Cancer de Màma (CAMA) study in a Mexican population.

Design

Population-based case–control study.

Subjects

Incident BC cases (n1000) and controls (n1074) matched on age, region and health-care system were recruited.

Setting

In-person interviews were conducted to assess BC risk factors and habitual diet was assessed with an FFQ. Conformity to the WCRF/AICR recommendations was evaluated through a score incorporating seven WCRF/AICR components (body fatness, physical activity, foods and drinks that promote weight gain, plant foods, animal foods, alcoholic drinks and breast-feeding), with high scores indicating adherence to the WCRF/AICR recommendations.

Results

No statistically significant associations between WCRF/AICR score and risk of BC were observed. After excluding BMI from the WCRF/AICR score, the top quartile was associated with a decreased BC risk overall, with ORQ4–Q1=0·68 (95 % CI 0·49, 0·92,Ptrend=0·03), and among postmenopausal women, with ORQ4–Q1=0·60 (95 % CI 0·39, 0·94,Ptrend=0·03). Inverse associations were observed between BMI and risk of BC overall and among premenopausal women, with OR=0·57 (95 % CI 0·42, 0·76,Ptrend<0·01) and 0·48 (95 % CI 0·31, 0·73,Ptrend<0·01), respectively. Physical activity level was inversely associated with BC risk.

Conclusions

The WCRF/AICR index was not related with BC risk in the CAMA study. A combination of six components excluding BMI showed strong protective associations, particularly in postmenopausal women. Further prospective studies are required to clarify the role of adherence to WCRF/AICR recommendations, particularly with respect to BMI, in the Mexican population.
ON POWER MOMENTS OF THE HECKE MULTIPLICATIVE FUNCTIONS
Authors: CHAKRABORTY KALYAN , MINAMIDE MAKOTO
Published: March 2015

In a recent paper, Soundararajan has proved the quantum unique ergodicity conjecture by getting a suitable estimate for the second order moment of the so-called ‘Hecke multiplicative’ functions. In the process of proving this he has developed many beautiful ideas. In this paper we generalize his arguments to a general$k$th power and provide an analogous estimate for the$k$th power moment of the Hecke multiplicative functions. This may be of general interest.
Divergent Trends in Legal Recognition of Religious Entities in Europe: The Cases of Slovenia and Hungary
Authors: Lavrič Miran , Flere Sergej
Published: March 2015

Religious dynamics in Europe, especially regarding religious pluralism, are largely affected by the characteristics of legal recognition of religious entities in individual countries. The implementation of the European Convention of Human Rights by the European Court of Human Rights clearly points to democratic pluralism as the essential principle in treating religious entities by the state. On the other hand, the situation in European countries is very complex and certain tendencies opposite to the European Convention of Human Rights directions, particularly in terms of privileging of traditional entities, are still deeply entrenched. Recent changes in Slovenia, where two essentially parody religions have been registered, and in Hungary, where registration and recognition of previously registered churches have been annulled, are considered. It is argued that the implementation of the liberal course set by the Council of Europe is (still) largely dependent on the political situation in individual countries.
L'insuffisance rénale chronique: quelle est la diète optimale?
Authors: Lu Yimin , Vakilzadeh Nima , Teta Daniel
Published: March 2015

Patienten mit chronischer Niereninsuffizienz und deren Angehörige fragen häufig nach der optimalen Ernährung. Eine reduzierte Proteinzufuhr von 0,6 g/kg Idealgewicht pro Tag wird bei nicht-unterernährten und motivierten Patienten empfohlen, sofern sie von einem erfahrenen interdisziplinären Team unterstützt werden. Um eine neutrale Stickstoffbilanz aufrechtzuerhalten sowie eine Unterernährung im Rahmen einer proteinarmen Ernährung zu verhindern, wird eine Kalorienzufuhr von 30 bis 35 kcal/Tag empfohlen. Zusätzlich sollte die Salzzufuhr in Anbetracht der häufig komorbiden Hypertonie 5–6 g/Tag nicht überschreiten, was zusätzlich die Natrium-Wasserretention beschränkt. Bei fortgeschrittener Niereninsuffizienz sollte auch empfohlen werden, die Phosphatzufuhr und manchmal auch die Kaliumzufuhr zu limitieren. In Anbetracht der Komplexität der optimalen Ernährung bei Niereninsuffizienz ist eine Koordination zwischen Klinikern, Nephrologen und Ernährungswissenschaftlern unabdingbar.
Diagnostic et prise en charge de l'hyponatrémie: revue des recommandations actuelles
Authors: Berchtold Lena , Martin Pierre-Yves , Ponte Belen
Published: March 2015

Hyponaträmie ist eine Abnahme der Plasmanatriumkonzentration auf Werte <135 mmol/l und ist die häufigste Elektrolytstörung. Sie kann sich klinisch sehr variabel präsentieren und ist mit einem deutlich erhöhten Morbiditäts- und Mortalitätsrisiko verbunden. Die zugrundeliegenden Ursachen können vielfältig sein, deren Identifizierung jedoch ist wichtig für eine adäquate symptomatische und kausale Therapie. Für die Differenzialdiagnose und Therapie der Hyponaträmie ist neben der Erhebung des Volumenstatus auch eine Analyse der renalen Wasserausscheidung (Osmolalität im Plasma, Osmolalität im Urin und Natrium im Urin) wichtig. Um die Entwicklung einer zerebralen Komplikation zu vermeiden, sollte der Natriumwert besonders vorsichtig angehoben werden und die Korrektur nicht eine bestimmte Grenze überschreiten. Dieser Artikel fasst die Empfehlungen für die adäquate Therapie der Hyponaträmie zusammen.
Distractor Locations Influence Multiple Object Tracking Beyond Interobject Spacing
Authors: Meyerhoff Hauke S. , Papenmeier Frank , Jahn Georg , Huff Markus
Published: March 2015

Human observers are able to keep track of several independently moving objects among other objects. Within theories of multiple object tracking (MOT), distractors are assumed to influence tracking performance only by their distance toward the next target. In order to test this assumption, we designed a variant of the MOT paradigm that involved spatially arranged target-distractor pairs and sudden displacements of distractors during a brief flash. Critically, these displacements maintained target-distractor spacing. Our results show that displacing distractors hurts tracking performance (Experiment 1). Importantly, target-distractor confusions occur within target-distractor pairs with displaced distractors (Experiment 2). This displacement effect increases with an increasing displacement angle (Experiment 3) but is equal at different distances between target and distractor (Experiment 4). This finding illustrates that distractors influence tracking performance beyond pure interobject spacing. We discuss how inhibitory processes as well as relations between targets and distractors might interfere with target tracking.
The Role of Shape in Semantic Memory Organization of Objects
Authors: van Weelden Lisanne , Schilperoord Joost , Swerts Marc , Pecher Diane
Published: March 2015

Visual information contributes fundamentally to the process of object categorization. The present study investigated whether the degree of activation of visual information in this process is dependent on the contextual relevance of this information. We used the Proactive Interference (PI-release) paradigm. In four experiments, we manipulated the information by which objects could be categorized and subsequently be retrieved from memory. The pattern of PI-release showed that if objects could be stored and retrieved both by (non-perceptual) semantic and (perceptual) shape information, then shape information was overruled by semantic information. If, however, semantic information could not be (satisfactorily) used to store and retrieve objects, then objects were stored in memory in terms of their shape. The latter effect was found to be strongest for objects from identical semantic categories.
Hierarchical Multinomial Modeling Approaches
Authors: Arnold Nina R. , Bayen Ute J. , Smith Rebekah E.
Published: March 2015

Hierarchical extensions of multinomial processing tree (MPT) models have been developed to deal with heterogeneity in participants or items. In this study, the beta-MPT model ( J. B. Smith & Batchelder, 2010 ) and the latent-trait approach ( Klauer, 2010 ) were used to estimate individual model parameters for prospective and retrospective components of prospective memory (PM), which requires remembering to perform an action in the future. The data from two experiments investigating the relationship between PM and working memory ( R. E. Smith & Bayen, 2005 , Experiment 1; R. E. Smith, Persyn, & Butler, 2011 ) were reanalyzed using the two hierarchical modeling approaches, both of which provide parameter estimates for individual participants. The results showed a positive correlation of the prospective component of PM with working-memory span and provide the first direct comparisons of the two hierarchical extensions of an MPT model.
Heritage Identity and Maintenance Enhance Well-Being of Turkish-Bulgarian and Turkish-German Adolescents
Authors: Dimitrova Radosveta , Aydinli Arzu , Chasiotis Athanasios , Bender Michael , van de Vijver Fons J. R.
Published: March 2015

This study compares Turkish minority youth in Bulgaria and Germany by examining differences in ethnic identity (heritage and mainstream), acculturation (host culture adoption and heritage culture maintenance), and their influence on psychological and sociocultural outcomes. Participants were 178 Turkish-Bulgarian and 166 Turkish-German youth (mean age of 15.96 years). Youth in both cultural contexts regarded their Turkish identity and culture maintenance as more relevant than their mainstream identity and culture adoption. Turkish-Bulgarians also reported higher scores on host culture adoption than Turkish-Germans. A multigroup path model showed that Turkish identity and maintenance were positively related to well-being and adjustment to both cultures, whereas mainstream identity and adoption were positively associated with adjustment to the host culture only.
Cerebrovascular Reactivity is Increased with Acclimatization to 3,454 M Altitude
Authors: Flück Daniela , Siebenmann Christoph , Keiser Stefanie , Cathomen Adrian , Lundby Carsten
Published: March 2015

Controversy exists regarding the effect of high-altitude exposure on cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity (CVR). Confounding factors in previous studies include the use of different experimental approaches, ascent profiles, duration and severity of exposure and plausibly environmental factors associated with altitude exposure. One aim of the present study was to determine CVR throughout acclimatization to high altitude when controlling for these. Middle cerebral artery mean velocity (MCAvmean) CVR was assessed during hyperventilation (hypocapnia) and CO2 administration (hypercapnia) with background normoxia (sea level (SL)) and hypoxia (3,454 m) in nine healthy volunteers (26 ± 4 years (mean ± s.d.)) at SL, and after 30 minutes (HA0), 3 (HA3) and 22 (HA22) days of high-altitude (3,454 m) exposure. At altitude, ventilation was increased whereas MCAvmean was not altered. Hypercapnic CVR was decreased at HA0 (1.16% ± 0.16%/mm Hg, mean ± s.e.m.), whereas both hyper- and hypocapnic CVR were increased at HA3 (3.13% ± 0.18% and 2.96% ± 0.10%/mm Hg) and HA22 (3.32% ± 0.12% and 3.24% ± 0.14%/mm Hg) compared with SL (1.98% ± 0.22% and 2.38% ± 0.10%/mm Hg; P < 0.01) regardless of background oxygenation. Cerebrovascular conductance (MCAvmean/mean arterial pressure) CVR was determined to account for blood pressure changes and revealed an attenuated response. Collectively our results show that hypocapnic and hypercapnic CVR are both elevated with acclimatization to high altitude.
Dynamic control of chirality in phosphine ligands for enantioselective catalysis
Authors: Zhao Depeng , Neubauer Thomas M. , Feringa Ben L.
Published: March 2015

Chirality plays a fundamental role in biology and chemistry and the precise control of chirality in a catalytic conversion is a key to modern synthesis most prominently seen in the production of pharmaceuticals. In enantioselective metal-based catalysis, access to each product enantiomer is commonly achieved through ligand design with chiral bisphosphines being widely applied as privileged ligands. Switchable phosphine ligands, in which chirality is modulated through an external trigger signal, might offer attractive possibilities to change enantioselectivity in a catalytic process in a non-invasive manner avoiding renewed ligand synthesis. Here we demonstrate that a photoswitchable chiral bisphosphine based on a unidirectional light-driven molecular motor, can be used to invert the stereoselectivity of a palladium-catalysed asymmetric transformation. It is shown that light-induced changes in geometry and helicity of the switchable ligand enable excellent selectivity towards the racemic or individual enantiomers of the product in a Pd-catalysed desymmetrization reaction.
OsKinesin-13A Is an Active Microtubule Depolymerase Involved in Glume Length Regulation via Affecting Cell Elongation
Authors: Deng Zhu Yun , Liu Ling Tong , Li Tang , Yan Song , Kuang Bai Jian , Huang Shan Jin , Yan Chang Jie , Wang Tai
Published: March 2015

Grain size is an important trait influencing both the yield and quality of rice and its major determinant is glume size. However, how glume size is regulated remains largely unknown. Here, we report the characterization of OsKinesin-13A, which regulates cell elongation and glume length in rice. The mutant of OsKinesin-13A, sar1, displayed length reduction in grains and other organs including internodes, leaves and roots. The grain phenotype in sar1 was directly caused by reduction in glume length, which in turn restricted caryopsis size. Histological results revealed that length decrease in sar1 organs resulted from abnormalities in cell elongation. The orientation of cellulose microfibrils was defective in sar1. Consistently, sar1 showed reduced transverse orientation of cortical microtubules. Further observations demonstrated that microtubule turnover was decreased in sar1. OsKinesin-13A was shown to be an active microtubule depolymerase and mainly distributed on vesicles derived from the Golgi apparatus and destined for the cell surface. Thus, our results suggest that OsKinesin-13A utilizes its microtubule depolymerization activity to promote microtubule turnover, which may not only influence transverse orientation of cortical microtubules but also facilitate vesicle transport from the Golgi apparatus to the cell surface and thus affects cellulose microfibril orientation and cell elongation.
Reassortant Highly Pathogenic Influenza A H5N2 Virus Containing Gene Segments Related to Eurasian H5N8 in British Columbia, Canada, 2014
Authors: Pasick John , Berhane Yohannes , Joseph Tomy , Bowes Victoria , Hisanaga Tamiko , Handel Katherine , Alexandersen Soren
Published: March 2015

In late November 2014 higher than normal death losses in a meat turkey and chicken broiler breeder farm in the Fraser Valley of British Columbia initiated a diagnostic investigation that led to the discovery of a novel reassortant highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N2 virus. This virus, composed of 5 gene segments (PB2, PA, HA, M and NS) related to Eurasian HPAI H5N8 and the remaining gene segments (PB1, NP and NA) related to North American lineage waterfowl viruses, represents the first HPAI outbreak in North American poultry due to a virus with Eurasian lineage genes. Since its first appearance in Korea in January 2014, HPAI H5N8 spread to Western Europe in November 2014. These European outbreaks happened to temporally coincide with migratory waterfowl movements. The fact that the British Columbia outbreaks also occurred at a time associated with increased migratory waterfowl activity along with reports by the USA of a wholly Eurasian H5N8 virus detected in wild birds in Washington State, strongly suggest that migratory waterfowl were responsible for bringing Eurasian H5N8 to North America where it subsequently reassorted with indigenous viruses.
Functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles for controlling the movement of immune cells
Authors: White Ethan E. , Pai Alex , Weng Yiming , Suresh Anil K. , Van Haute Desiree , Pailevanian Torkom , Alizadeh Darya , Hajimiri Ali , Badie Behnam , Berlin Jacob M.
Published: March 2015

Coating super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with an immunostimulant, CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, dramatically increases their uptake by microglia cells. Once loaded with the nanoparticles, the microglia cells can be manipulated with magnets.
Identification of metabolites of AHTN in rat urine and feces by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Yang Yi , Zhang Yin , Zhang Jing , Shao Bing
Published: March 2015

Metabolites of AHTN in rat urine and feces were identified by UPLC-QTof-MS. Three hydroxylation metabolites and three carboxyl metabolites were found.
3D Hetero-architecture of GdB6 nanoparticles on lessened cubic Cu2O nanowires: enhanced field emission behaviour
Authors: Suryawanshi Sachin R. , Singh Anil K. , Deo Meenal , Late Dattatray J. , Sinha Sucharita , More Mahendra A.
Published: March 2015

The simplicity of the synthesis route coupled with better field emission properties of the GdB6/Cu2O hetero-architecture makes it a promising cathode for high current density applications.
Charge transfer vs. dimensionality: what affects the transport properties of ferecrystals?
Authors: Alemayehu Matti B. , Ta Kim , Falmbigl Matthias , Johnson David C.
Published: March 2015

Charge transfer rather than dimensionality governs the transport properties of the ferecrystalline compounds ([SnSe]1+δ)m(NbSe2)2.
Microwave synthesis of LTN framework zeolite with no organic structure directing agents
Authors: Leung Ka Ming , Edwards Peter P. , Jones Emyr , Sartbaeva Asel
Published: March 2015

We present a new microwave synthesis method of Linde Type N zeolite without organic structure directing agents (OSDAs).
Synthesis of α-Fe2−xAgxO3nanocrystals and study of their optical, magnetic and antibacterial properties
Authors: Bhushan Mayank , Muthukamalam S. , Sudharani S. , Viswanath Annamraju Kasi
Published: March 2015

To be an implicit disinfectant, inorganic nanoparticles have to show chemical stability, minimum cytotoxicity and effective bactericidal activity.
DESI MS based screening method for phthalates in consumer goods
Authors: Schulz Sabine , Wagner Sebastian , Gerbig Stefanie , Wächter Herbert , Sielaff Detlef , Bohn Dieter , Spengler Bernhard
Published: March 2015

Identification and quantification of phthalates in consumer goods in less than three minutes using desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.
A shotgun metalloproteomic approach enables identification of proteins involved in the speciation of a ruthenium anticancer drug in the cytosol of cancer cells
Authors: Matczuk Magdalena , Kupiec Monika , Legat Joanna , Pawlak Katarzyna , Timerbaev Andrei R. , Jarosz Maciej
Published: March 2015

Development of a versatile analytical methodology for characterization of the cancer cytosol species formed between ruthenium originating from a Ru(iii) drug and cellular proteins.