bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sawn timber and rotary veneer processing and grade recovery investigation of northern Australian plantation grown African mahogany
Authors: McGavin Robert L. , McGrath John , Fitzgerald Chris , Kumar Chandan , Oliver Chris , Lindsay Alex
Published: May 2021

Over half of the large African mahogany plantation estate in northern Australia has reached the mid-point of the target rotation length of 20 to 25 years. As such, there is increasing interest in understanding the potential volume and grade qualities recovered from these young trees using different processing methods. The objective of this study was to compare the recovery rates and product grade quality for rotary veneer using spindleless lathe technology and sawn boards using traditional sawing techniques. Net veneer recovery ranged between 42% and 55% of log volume, with most veneers being limited to D-grade. Compression, surface roughness, and grain breakout were the most prominent defects limiting veneer grade. The sawn-dried-dressed recovery was low, with less than 20% of the log volume representing a potential saleable product. The small log diameter combined with defects including wane, heart shake, pith, and knots reduced the potential recovery. A high presence of sawn board distortion was observed that negatively impacted the efficiency of sawn timber processing along with product recovery. While low, the recovery of veneers and sawn timber from young African mahogany was like other young plantation grown hardwoods.
Fiscal Policy, Monetary Policy and Price Volatility: Evidence from an Emerging Economy
Authors: Tung Le Thanh
Published: May 2021

Vietnam is an Asian emerging country, which now is ranked in the group of the fastest-gro- wing economies worldwide. However, this economy has faced galloping inflation in recent years. So the Vietnamese experience is a valuable reference for the policymakers in the developing world in order to successfully control price volatility. Our study applies the Vector autoregressive method, the Johansen cointegration test, and the Granger causality test to examine the impact of fiscal and monetary policy on price volatility in Vietnam with a quarterly data sample collected over the period from 2004 to 2018. The study results confirm the existence of a long-term cointegration relationship between these policies and price volatility in Vietnam. Besides, the variance decomposition and impulse response function also show that the impact of these policies on inflation is clear, however, the fiscal policy more strongly affects inflation than the monetary policy. Finally, the Granger causality test also indicates one-way causality relationships from the government expenditure as well as the exchange rate to price volatility in the study period.
Current aspects of hydrogen and oxygen content in aluminum alloys
Authors: Gnatush Vitaly , Voron Mykhailo
Published: May 2021

The analysis of the scientific researches devoted to questions of influence of the content of hydrogen and oxide inclusions in aluminum alloys in the context of these impurities interaction of with various components of material is presented. Based on the published results of experiments in scientific works, aluminum alloys depending on their hydrogen content can be divided into the following four groups: aluminum alloys with nominal hydrogen content; aluminum alloys containing hydride-forming additives; aluminum alloys with high hydrogen content; aluminum alloys with excess hydrogen content (gas). Information on single- and multistage methods of aluminum melt refining, as well as classification of quality control methods for aluminum alloy refining is presented. Some features of properties of aluminum alloys which contain hydride-forming additives are considered. The results of the study of high hydrogen content on the mechanical characteristics of aluminum alloys are traced. Features of technologies of creation of aluminum alloys with ultrahigh content of gases (foam aluminum) are considered. Information on the content of non-metallic inclusions in aluminum and aluminum alloys and methods for determining their content in the melt is presented. Based on the review and analysis, the need for comprehensive studies of the system hydrogen – oxide – alloying/modifying metals in aluminum alloys is shown to clarify the mechanisms of physicochemical and metallophysical processes that are realized in the crystallization of aluminum melts. There is a need to use experimental planning to build mathematical models of the relationship between hydrogen/oxide content, process parameters and properties of samples and products made of aluminum alloys.
Comparing Pediatric Gastroenteritis Emergency Department Care in Canada and the United States
Authors: Freedman Stephen B. , Roskind Cindy G. , Schuh Suzanne , VanBuren John M. , Norris Jesse G. , Tarr Phillip I. , Hurley Katrina , Levine Adam C. , Rogers Alexander , Bhatt Seema , Gouin Serge , Mahajan Prashant , Vance Cheryl , Powell Elizabeth C. , Farion Ken J. , Sapien Robert , O’Connell Karen , Poonai Naveen , Schnadower David
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND:

Between-country variation in health care resource use and its impact on outcomes in acute care settings have been challenging to disentangle from illness severity by using administrative data.

METHODS:

We conducted a preplanned analysis employing patient-level emergency department (ED) data from children enrolled in 2 previously conducted clinical trials. Participants aged 3 to <48 months with <72 hours of gastroenteritis were recruited in pediatric EDs in the United States (N = 10 sites; 588 participants) and Canada (N = 6 sites; 827 participants). The primary outcome was an unscheduled health care provider visit within 7 days; the secondary outcomes were intravenous fluid administration and hospitalization at or within 7 days of the index visit.

RESULTS:

In adjusted analysis, unscheduled revisits within 7 days did not differ (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.72; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.50 to 1.02). At the index ED visit, although participants in Canada were assessed as being more dehydrated, intravenous fluids were administered more frequently in the United States (aOR: 4.6; 95% CI: 2.9 to 7.1). Intravenous fluid administration rates did not differ after enrollment (aOR: 1.4; 95% CI: 0.7 to 2.8; US cohort with Canadian as referent). Overall, intravenous rehydration was higher in the United States (aOR: 3.8; 95% CI: 2.5 to 5.7). Although hospitalization rates during the 7 days after enrollment (aOR: 1.1; 95% CI: 0.4 to 2.6) did not differ, hospitalization at the index visit was more common in the United States (3.9% vs 2.3%; aOR: 3.2; 95% CI: 1.6 to 6.8).

CONCLUSIONS:

Among children with gastroenteritis and similar disease severity, revisit rates were similar in our 2 study cohorts, despite lower rates of intravenous rehydration and hospitalization in Canadian-based EDs.
LA AMENAZA DEL CÓLERA EN DANLÍ, HONDURAS (1867): XENOFOBIA, CONTROL SOCIAL Y OPOSICIÓN CIVIL
Authors: Cardona Amaya José Manuel , Sevilla Galeano Julio José
Published: May 2021

En este artículo se discuten las acciones tomadas por la Corporación Municipal de Danlí, Honduras, ante la amenaza de un brote de cólera que se esperaba que llegase de Nicaragua en 1867. El problema es abordado desde la propuesta del control social de Michel Foucault, mientras que la técnica principal de análisis ha sido la problematización. Los datos han sido extraídos de fuentes primarias, en específico, de las actas municipales de la alcaldía. Se concluyó que las autoridades de Danlí aplicaron políticas excesivamente estrictas para aumentar su control sobre la población.
The Comparison of Outcome in Treating Proximal Ureteric Stones of Size 10 mm to 15 mm Using Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy as Compared to Ureterorenoscopic Manipulation Using Holmium Laser
Authors: Bangash Kashif , Riaz Arsalan , Mumtaz Hassan , Zaman Farrukh , Ali Fayyaz Haider , Anwar Khursheed , Malkani Inam , Qureshi Muhammad Danish
Published: May 2021

Urinary stone disease or nephrolithiasis, the third most common disease of the urinary tract, is a major health issue due to its high prevalence, occurrence, and recurrence. The hallmark of a stone that obstructs the ureter or renal pelvis is excruciating, intermittent pain that radiates from the flank to the groin or to the inner thigh. Stone size influences the rate of spontaneous stone passage.Our aim was to compare the efficacy & the frequency of stone-free patients after intervention at 1 week after extracorporeal shock wave litho-tripsy (ESWL) and ureterorenoscopic (URS) manipulation for proximal ureteric stone (10–15 mm size).This randomized control trial was done in the department of Urology, KRL Hospital Islamabad from 18th Nov 2019 to 18th May 2020. After meeting the inclusion criteria, 100 patients were enrolled and were divided into two groups. The first group was treated with ESWL and the other with URS. Then, procedures were done. Follow-up was noted after 1 week in the stone clinic.The average age of the patients was 39.71 ± 10.17 years. Efficacy in the ESWL group was found in 68% cases while in the URS group, efficacy was noticed in 76% cases (P > 0.05). Male patients were three times at a higher risk of recurrence as compared to females.This study concluded that both ESWL and URS are equally effective statistically in terms of the frequency of stone-free patients at 1 week for proximal ureteric stone (10–15 mm size).
As políticas públicas para educação infantil em um município do sudeste goiano: análise do desenvolvimento e da aprendizagem
Authors: Ferreira Elaine Lara , Silva Janaína Cassiano
Published: May 2021

Acreditamos na concepção de educação infantil promotora do desenvolvimento e da aprendizagem infantil integral. Uma educação que compreenda a criança de 0 a 6 anos de idade contemplando aspectos históricos e sociais, no processo histórico e dialético. Ademais, ressaltamos o ensino de qualidade, crítico, intencional, rompendo assim com o modelo assistencialista. Nesse sentido, o objetivo geral deste estudo foi identificar e analisar as concepções de desenvolvimento e aprendizagem presentes na Proposta Pedagógica de um município do sudeste goiano para a Educação Infantil à luz da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural. Foram objeto de estudo três documentos obtidos junto a Secretária Municipal de Educação. Os dados coletados foram analisados utilizando os núcleos de significação à luz da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural. Os resultados possibilitaram afirmar que a concepção de desenvolvimento e aprendizagem ainda está pautada em um modelo estigmatizado, linear e adaptativo do sujeito. As políticas públicas no município são norteadas pelos documentos oficiais, Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional, o Referencial Curricular Nacional para a Educação Infantil e as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação Infantil, os quais necessitam ainda de uma compreensão integral, que potencialize a Educação Infantil no processo de formação da criança.
A percepção de egressos/as do sistema de cotas raciais da Universidade Estadual de Londrina quanto às políticas de permanência
Authors: Campos Margarida Cassia , Brandão Jessica Justino
Published: May 2021

O presente artigo teve como objetivo investigar a percepção dos egressos do sistema de cotas da Universidade Estadual de Londrina sobre as políticas de permanência desta instituição. Na primeira parte são discutidas as políticas de ações afirmativas no ensino superior no Brasil e na UEL; para tanto, utilizaram-se as obras de: Silva e Pacheco (2012), Silva (2014), Feres Junior et al. (2017) e Souza (2018), entre outros. Na segunda parte, abordam-se as políticas de permanência instituídas no Brasil nas Universidades Federais e Estaduais e, posteriormente, o contexto das políticas de cotas e de permanência na universidade estudada. Por fim, apresentou-se um levantamento realizado por meio de questionário online com 200 egressos cotistas raciais da UEL, que se formaram entre 2010 e 2016. As perguntas investigadas neste artigo dizem respeito especificamente à questão da permanência desses estudantes e perpassaram assuntos como dificuldades enfrentadas, racismo, auxílios estudantis e possíveis sugestões de melhorias das políticas de permanência desta universidade. Constatou-se que tais políticas são necessárias para que estudantes negros consigam concluir o curso; no entanto, precisam ser ampliadas e, principalmente, mais bem divulgadas, para que atinjam uma quantidade maior de estudantes.
O poder de uma educação libertária na derribada de paradigmas repressivos: contribuições marxistas para a emancipação do trabalhador
Authors: Barcelos Débora De Jesus Rezende , Gomes Teixeira Carolina De Souza Novaes , Rocha Scarlat Horrara
Published: May 2021

O presente ensaio busca na educação um antídoto contra o retrocesso do Direito do Trabalho. Para tanto, parte de uma série de reflexões marxistas de cunho educacional que encontram na educação libertária uma forma de emancipar o trabalhador e retirá-lo dos grilhões da alienação mediante métodos que propiciem a recuperação da até então perdida consciência de classe, bem como a formação de um olhar crítico sobre a atual organização societária e a reconscientização do poder de luta do explorado para garantir melhores condições de labor e de vida. A fim de alcançar esses e outros objetivos, o método utilizado passará pela técnica da pesquisa histórica associada ao uso de material doutrinário e outras formas de levantamento bibliográfico.
Editorial
Authors: Nunes Nancy Alfieri
Published: May 2021

The history of Dentistry, much has been observed of the development of dental materials and innovations in many areas of specialties. From toothless to osseoimplanted prostheses, to bone grafts in implant dentistry, innovative materials that favor aesthetics, new procedures techniques. The use of a microscope in dental offices and a lot of technology.
Percepção da doença e o recebimento do diagnóstico de câncer: relato de caso
Authors: Carvalho Adriana Assis , Costa Aline Carvalho , Miranda Carla Silva Siqueira , Silva Cristiane Oliveira , Fonseca Daniel José Rocha , Farias Jidleiny Gomes , Costa Lázara Raquel Silva , Costa Letícia Carvalho , Lima Polyanne Rezende
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Descrever a experiência do acompanhamento psicológico de um paciente durante o ato de recebimento do diagnóstico de câncer de boca no projeto de atendimento ambulatorial de estomatologia do sudoeste goiano. Relato de Caso: Foi realizado um estudo de caso com um paciente do sexo masculino, 66 anos de idade, encaminhado, em setembro de 2018, pela Unidade de Pronto Atendimento para o Ambulatório de Diagnóstico Estomatológico do Sudoeste Goiano devido à dor intensa na cavidade oral provocada por uma lesão. Duas entrevistas semiestruturadas foram elaboradas buscando compreender a percepção da lesão de boca pelo paciente quanto o impacto do diagnóstico na vida do próprio, principalmente em se tratando de câncer de boca. Ambas as entrevistas foram gravadas para posterior análise das falas. Conclusão: A equipe multiprofissional, incluindo o profissional da psicologia, ofereceu suporte emocional para o paciente exteriorizar os sentimentos diante da doença e buscou ampliar a consciência do mesmo sobre a sua participação ativa no processo saúde-doença.
Evaluation of the Duration of Peripheral Venous Catheter in Vein in Hospitalized Children
Authors: DEMİR ACAR Mukaddes , ÇEVİK GÜNER Ümran , YILMAZ Gülçin
Published: May 2021

Aim:This study was conducted to evaluate the duration of the peripheral venous catheter in vein, which is widely employed in the treatment of children who are hospitalized in pediatric clinics.

Materials and Methods: The study was conducted as a prospective and observational-descriptive study. The sampling of the study consisted of the parents/children (N=249), who were admitted to the pediatric clinic, who underwent peripheral venous catheter insertion, and who agreed to participate in the study. Institution and ethics committee permission was obtained for the study. The data were collected with the “Peripheral Venous Catheter Monitoring Form” and “Phlebitis Scale”, which were prepared according to the literature by the research nurse.

Results: It was determined that a total of 57.8% of the children who were included in the study were 1-36 months old, 42.2% were older than 37 months and 60.6% were male. It was also determined that the duration of the catheter in children was 58.76±28.07 hours and catheter was inserted 3,61±1,68 times during hospitalization. The negative correlation between “durations of peripheral ıntravenous catheters in veins" and "number of peripheral ıntravenous catheters inserted from hospitalization to discharge” was found to be statistically significant. It was determined that 73.5% of the catheters were removed because of the obstruction.

Conclusion: As a result of the present study, it was determined that the peripheral venous catheter in children under three years of age had a shorter duration of remaining in the veins, and these children were subjected to repeated peripheral venous catheter attempts because of obstructions before their treatments were completed.
Montessori Education at a Distance, Part 2
Authors: Murray Angela K. , Brown Katie , Barton Patricia
Published: May 2021

This study offers a contextualized understanding of the distance-learning experiences of Montessori educators and students in the spring of 2020 in the wake of the COVID-19 global pandemic. In this article, we build on results reported in a separate article published in this issue of the Journal of Montessori Research. First, we analyzed qualitative data from social media and national virtual gatherings designed to support teachers as they faced the challenges created by the abrupt shift to distance learning. Second, we employed a convergent mixed-methods design to integrate these qualitative findings with the survey results reported in the previous article to provide a richer and more complete perspective on the situation. In our results, we found substantial evidence to support the resilience and durability of the Montessori Method, even in the face of adverse conditions created by a global pandemic. Despite the challenges of adaptation, Montessori educators demonstrated a commitment to the key tenets of Montessori philosophy, such as following the child and employing a holistic perspective on learning and development. While serving the whole child’s growth and development remained front and center, Montessori teachers’ approach to academics looked very different under distance learning. Still, the ongoing attention to children’s social-emotional needs will benefit both teachers and children when they return to the classroom, undoubtedly with lasting effects from pandemic-related isolation and hardship.
Egyetemünk Régészeti Tanszékeinek kialakulása és története
Authors: Oroszlán Zoltán
Published: May 2021

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Biological reconstruction of the Late Neolithic Lengyel Culture
Authors: Köhler Kitti
Published: May 2021

Abstract of PhD thesis submitted in 2013 to the Doctoral School of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest under the supervision of Gyula Gyenis.

Between 2006 and 2009 rescue excavations preceding the construction of M6 Motorway were carried out, in the course of which a settlement and a related cemetery of more than two thousand graves of the Late Neo­lithic-Early Copper Age Lengyel culture have been excavated at the site of Alsónyék-Bátaszék, in Southeastern Transdanubia (Tolna county). Present study considers the northern, so-called 010/B part of the site (cemetery), comprising 862 graves. According to the current archaeological consensus earlier Central European Linearbandkeramik culture (LBK) played a crucial role in the formation of the Lengyel culture, but an infiltration or migration of new populations during this time period cannot be excluded. Present dissertation has been designed to investigate this fundamental question. In addition, I completed a detailed demographic analysis and published the frequency data of several pathological and dental alterations. In the course of the still ongoing investigation a case showing the classic symptoms of tuberculosis had been found.
Hellenistic grotesque terracotta figurines. Problems of iconographical interpretation
Authors: Süvegh Eszter
Published: May 2021

In the study of grotesque terracotta statuettes from the Hellenistic Age many questions are yet to be answered, including the ‘identity’ of these figurines. This article aims at giving reference points for the iconographical interpretation of the grotesques. In the first part of the article I collected some circumstances hindering the decipherment of the grotesque terracottas. Then, as the majority of these objects are head fragments broken from the bodies of statuettes, I tried to present details and attributes that may hint at the original meaning of the figurines, even without any knowledge of the missing parts of their bodies. These details include hairstyle and headwear, facial features typical of certain ethnic groups, signs of medical condition, characteristic injuries and features known from the sphere of the theatre.
Bibliography of the excavations in Brigetio (1992–2014)
Authors: Borhy László
Published: May 2021

The following list is the complete bibliography of the excavations and research in Brigetio from the beginning of the fieldwork at the site “Szőny-Vásártér” in 1992, until the end of 2014.
The iconography of the Roman province personifications and their role in the imperial propaganda
Authors: Juhász Lajos
Published: May 2021

Abstract of PhD thesis submitted in 2015 to the Archaeology Doctoral Programme, Doctoral School of History, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest under the supervision of Miklós Szabó.
The secondary glass workshop in the civil town of Brigetio
Authors: Dévai Kata
Published: May 2021

In 2006 the Klapka György Museum of Komárom together with the Institute of Archaeological Sciences at Eötvös Loránd University carried out an excavation in the less researched area of the civil town of Brigetio, at 13 Vásártér, Komárom/Szőny. The conductors were Á. Gelencsér and E. Számadó. During the excavation of an area of 153 m², the living quarters of a striphouse constructed in different time periods, and a glass workshop related to one of these periods were discovered. The building had a five constructions period and a secondary glass workshop related to one of these. Some remains of two kilns were found in the workshop. One of them was rectangular with an apsis on one side and it was divided into two separate parts. The other kiln was circular, which must have been the melting furnace, while the rectangular one was the annealing furnace and they might have been connected to each other. In the courtyard of the striphouse four big rubbish pits consisting of cylindrical moiles, spoiled pieces, raw materials as chunks, additives used for coloring, almost the whole amount of the spoiled glass beads, glass rods, glass trails and glass drops with tool-marks on them were found. One hundred and twenty-one partly fragmentary and partly complete beads were uncovered in the pits. Spherical, cylindrical, biconical, shape of forms are represented among the glass beads. Our glass workshop operated within the limits of the civil town just in a short period in the first half of the 3rd century AD.
Examination of the teachers’ board meeting decisions: Trabzon High School sample between 1934-1971
Authors: AKPINAR Mehmet
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the present research is to reveal in which areas decisions were taken in the teachers’ board meetings in Trabzon High School between 1934-1971 years and to examine and evaluate the decisions. The research was prepared in accordance with the document analysis method, one of the qualitative research designs. In the study, the minutes of the teachers’ board meetings held between 1934-1971 years of Trabzon High School, which was established in 1885 and is one of the oldest high schools in our country, was discussed. The research was limited between the years 1934-1971, as the minutes of the teachers’ board meetings after 1971 could not be reached regularly. The data obtained from the research were analyzed by content analysis technique. These data were brought together within the framework of certain concepts and themes, organized in an understandable way, and interpreted in tables. As a result of the research, problems related to teachers, out-of-school education, discipline problems, training of teachers, educational tools, general education problems, how to conduct exams, and physical facilities of the school were determined in the meeting minutes of the teachers' board.
Topic Modeling of the Research Papers' Citation Contexts: a Structure of an Author's Research Consumption
Authors:   Central Economics and Mathematics Institute of RAS (CEMI RAS), Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Moscow, 117418, Russian Federation, Parinov S. I.
Published: May 2021

Citation contexts from research papers, as a rule, contain information about the reasons and the character of using the cited research outputs. By extracting this information from the citation contexts, one can create different data sets for scientometric studies. The paper systematizes general possibilities of using data from the citation contexts for the development of the author-citation network analysis. As one of applications, the paper presents an approach to constructing the thematic structure of a research consumption based on topic modelling of the citation contexts from researchers papers. The thematic structure features built in the forms of a "word tree" and a flowchart are discussed. Possible directions of development of this approach are considered. The proposed thematic structure of the research consumption is a promising new data source for both scientometric studies and creation of new research services.
Core Invariants of the Mathematical Model of an Intelligent System
Authors:   Kuban State University, Krasnodar, 350040, Russian Federation, Kostenko K. I.
Published: May 2021

A holistic description of a universal mathematical model for the concept of an intelligent system is given. It is based on formalized invariants associated with the processes of creating and applying such systems. The core of the model is formed by consistent descriptions for sections of knowledge formalisms, components of multidimensional architecture and knowledge flows processes within it, as well as cybernetic hierarchical multi agents systems that control the intelligent systems subjective existence. The fundamental invariants of the knowledge presentation and processing are directly implemented by these main sections basic elements. Invariants form unified set of intelligent systems general attributes. This set allows carrying out comprehensive formal modelling of the intelligence. These invariants are associated with knowledge aspects. They are developed and used at knowledge areas that deal with exploring the memory structural organization and thinking processes models. The tools for transforming the proposed abstract model into the models of specific intelligent systems are morphisms of homomorphic expansion. These morphisms concretize the content of the main structural and functional elements of the intelligent system fundamental model. At the same time, the varieties of entities implemented by model elements are narrowed to the families of objects that make up applied intelligent systems. These systems inherit the properties of fundamental model common elements. Intermediate models of the processes of converting the original model into applied ones allow studying these models properties by mathematical tools. Intermediate models form the basis for the subsequent development of the technology of creating and applying multilevel intelligent systems.
Application of the Digital Adaptive Platform for Learning Programming with the Teamwork Skills Forming Function
Authors: Popkov S.I.
Published: May 2021

Research is carried out on approaches for the digital adaptive platform for learning programming with the teamwork skills forming function application. The work environment interface and key components that make the platform adaptable are demonstrated. The platform services responsible for information security functions are detailed. An example of the presented task is given.
A High Secured Ecc Based Iot Audiometric System For Cloud Based Dynamic Sensor Domain Environment
Authors: Et. al. N.Bhaskar,
Published: May 2021

This paper is made based on the requirement of different domain users for effective hearing system. The system uses different devices to enhance the audio capability of different users at different application environment. The system uses IoT devices, sensors and different gateways for effective use of IoT based systems.  The system will enhance the hearing capability of all users at different conference or personal or professional environments for the effective hearing capability among different hearing capabilities. It provides the environment to increase or decrease the volume of the source system based on the hearing capability of participants in the hearing environment. It can be used in any domain like conferences, home environment, education institutions and at public locations.  It also adopts a security algorithm to protect the customer’s data in encrypted format at cloud system.  It recognizes the candidate at any time based on the ID assigned to an individual.
Optimal Performance for Intrusion Detection in WirelessLan Network Using Data MiningTechniques
Authors: Et. al. K. Raja,
Published: May 2021

The objective of this paper is to identify the intruder of the wireless local area network based on the network and transport layer while accessing the internet within organizations and industries. The Intrusion detection system is the security that attempts to identify anomalies attributes who are trying to misuse a network without authorization and those who have legitimate access to the system but are abusing their privileges. The fact of the existing system deals with a firewall to protect and detect the unauthorized person using Wireless Local Area Network. Since the administrator may block or unblock the intruder based on the priority. This paper presents an enhanced framework, to detect and monitor the anomalies in the wireless sensor networks in an organization or an institution. The proposed approach to detect and filter the intruder in the wireless local area networks. Hence optimize the intrusion detection system in the particular organization or industries. The proposed IDS results are compared with the existing Decision Tree, Naive Bayes, and Random Forest algorithms.
Halkla İlişkiler Lisans Eğitiminde Sivil Toplum Kuruluşları ile İş Birliği
Authors: BIÇAKÇI Ayşe Banu
Published: May 2021

Sivil Toplum Kuruluşları (STK’lar), demokratik toplumların belkemiğidir. Farklı alanlarda, bağımsız
olarak sivil toplumun faydası için çalışan bu kuruluşlar Halkla İlişkiler yönetim ve uygulamaları
açısından da önemli merkezlerdir. Ancak Halkla İlişkilerin toplumsal dönüşüme katkı sağlayabilmesi
için kurum merkezli bir kavramsallaştırmanın dışına çıkılmalıdır. Alan yazında eleştirel ve kültürel
yaklaşımlar ekseninde; postmodernizm, aktivizm gibi konularla bağlantılı, yeni bir Halkla İlişkiler
kavrayışı ortaya çıkmaktadır. Halkla İlişkilerin bu tanımının işlevsel hale gelmesi, alandaki öğrencilerin
eğitimlerinde sivil toplum konusunda bilinçlenmelerinin desteklenmesiyle mümkündür. Bu bağlamda
çalışmada Halkla İlişkiler lisans eğitiminde mesleğin “kamu yararı” boyutuna dair öğrencide nasıl
bir anlayış geliştirildiğinin bölüm-STK iş birliklerine dayanarak sorgulanması ve bu yönde öneriler
getirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmada Türkiye’deki Devlet ve Vakıf üniversitelerinde Halkla
İlişkiler eğitimi verilen lisans programları incelenmiştir. STK’larla olası iş birliklerinin varlığı ve
niteliği yapılandırılmış görüşme yöntemi ile sorgulanmış ve yüzde 43 oranında katılım sağlanmıştır.
Araştırmada sonuç olarak ülkemizdeki Halkla İlişkiler bölümlerinin STK iş birliklerinin ulusal
düzeyde, kısa süreli ve sürdürülebilirlikten uzak olduğu, farklı sınıf seviyelerindeki dersler kapsamında
konuya yer verildiği ve en çok sağlık alanında çalışmaların yapıldığı belirlenmiştir.
Travel times of principal P and S phases over small distances in southern California*
Authors: Gutenberg B.
Published: May 2021

Study of arrival times of the principal phases in fifty of the larger and better recorded earthquakes in southern California resulted in the following travel times t (seconds) and apparent velocities V (km/sec.): Pt = 0.1793DV = 5.577St = −0.5 + 0.3066DV = 3.26Pyt = 1.2+0.1654ΔV = 6.047Syt = 2.1 + 0.274ΔV = 3.65Pnt = x + 0.124ΔV = 8.06Snt = y + 0.225ΔV = 4.45 Δ = epicentral distance, D2 = Δ2 + h2, h = focal depth. x and y depend on the region; the following are characteristic values Coastal areas,Mountain areas,NorthernSierralow valleyssoutheastern Calif.Owens ValleyNevadax67910±sec.y8½9½12½14±sec. The average true velocities of Py and Sy are about one-third of one per cent, those of Pn and Sn about one-half of one per cent, smaller than the corresponding apparent velocities. In the uppermost 50 km. the velocity increases with depth. The order of magnitude of this increase is roughly 1 per cent per 10 kilometers, but larger in the uppermost one or two kilometers. It can be found from a study of amplitudes (Gutenberg, 1943c); its effect on the travel times exceeds the limits of error by too small an amount to be ascertained beyond doubt from the data of the present paper. The curvature of the earth can be disregarded within the range of distances used (in general not exceeding 800 km.). The effect of “mountain roots” on the travel times of Pn and Sn is investigated.

Reproduction of travel-time curves and recalculation of the thickness of the various layers must wait until a study of other (especially reflected) recorded phases now under way is finished. Preliminary values are 18 km. for the thickness of the granitic layer with small local variations, and about 35 km. for the total of the crustal layers in the coastal areas of southern California with an increase inland approaching twice that amount under the Sierra Nevada.
Earthquake magnitudes, efficiency of stations, and perceptibility of local earthquakes in the Lake Mead area*
Authors: Jones Austin E.
Published: May 2021

About a quarter of the local earthquakes recorded at Boulder City are from focal distances of five miles or less, and approximately another quarter are from distances between five and ten miles. As these earthquakes are so close to the Lake Mead stations, they are studied in somewhat different fashion from those which are so far away that focal depth of ten miles becomes negligible. It has been possible with a new formula to make an extrapolation of the Gutenberg-Richter Magnitude Scale down to one mile focal distance. With this extended scale the magnitudes of more than 1,000 local earthquakes are collected into frequency distribution tables and frequency polygons for the years 1941–1942. These tables show increase of efficiency or locating power of the Lake Mead seismograph system with better coverage and decrease of distance between stations when a fourth station is added. They show the increase of efficiency with an increase of instrumental magnification. The mode or the magnitude of the most frequently located shocks dropped from magnitude 3.0 in early 1941 to magnitude 2.5 when distances were cut between stations and probable epicenters by the station added at Boulder Dam. The magnitude dropped to 2.0 in the last half of 1942 after Benioff seismographs were placed in operation at the three other stations.

More than half the total local energy released annually is in the largest shock or group of shocks of maximum magnitude. The energy released in 1942 by local earthquakes is approximately equal to that released in 1941. The magnitude and perceptibility range of small shocks appears to be a linear function at local distances. Under exceptional circumstances, very small shocks are felt, apparently following the equation Δ=6M−2 where M is the magnitude and Δ the distance in miles. More generally, there is an equal chance that an earthquake will be felt and reported if the following equation is used: Δ=8M−11 This holds for local shocks of less than destructive magnitude. To extend approximately to earthquakes of large magnitude the following equation is derived: logΔ=0.5+0.25M−1/M

This is for earthquakes of shallow focus.
Amplitudes of surface waves and magnitudes of shallow earthquakes*
Authors: Gutenberg B.
Published: May 2021

A study of amplitudes of surface waves having periods of about 20 seconds is employed to improve the calculation of magnitudes of distant shallow earthquakes. Table 3 gives station corrections; table 4, revised figures for the effect of epicentral distance. It is found that for epicentral distances between about 20° and 175° the average observed amplitudes correspond closely to those calculated with an absorption coefficient k = 0.0003 per km. For paths completely outside or inside the Pacific Basin, k = 0.0002± per km., while for paths tangent to its boundary the amplitudes of surface waves with periods of about 20 seconds may be reduced by two-thirds or more (in extreme cases by almost nine-tenths) through reflection or refraction of energy; such seismograms of shallow shocks may be taken as indicating intermediate depth of focus.
A note on the Charleston earthquake*
Authors: Wood Harry O.
Published: May 2021

Data of observation presented in Dutton's report upon the Charleston earthquake are tested with formulas extracted from the paper by Gutenberg and Richter on “Earthquake Magnitude, Energy, Intensity, and Acceleration,” with the resulting suggestions that the depth of focus may have been near 40 kilometers (25 miles) and the shock magnitude a little less than 8 on the Richter scale. Definite conclusions cannot be reached with the inadequate data now available, but this would explain the large area of perceptibility of the Charleston shock as compared, for example, with those of earthquakes in California.
Amplitudes of P, PP, and S and magnitude of shallow earthquakes*
Authors: Gutenberg B.
Published: May 2021

It is found that the absorption coefficient for longitudinal and transverse waves in the mantle of the earth as well as for longitudinal waves through the core is 0.00012 per km. In the average shallow earthquake about equal amounts of energy go into longitudinal and transverse waves. Equation (18), together with tables 2 and 4, permits the calculation of the magnitude of a shallow earthquake from the amplitudes of P, PP, or S.
Seismic investigations in the Boulder Dam area, 1940-1944, and the influence of reservoir loading on local earthquake activity*
Authors: Carder D. S.
Published: May 2021

Recapitulation

An upward thrusting of masses of granitic rocks with accompanying slumping and partial upending of intermediary sedimentary and volcanic rocks has formed some of the ranges and intermontaine valleys of the Colorado River region westward from the mouth of the Grand Canyon. The Hemenway-Las Vegas-Callville Wash valley now occupied in part by the Callville basin of Lake Mead, a few miles north of Boulder Dam, is one of these intermontaine valleys, which has settled on faults separating this valley from the Black Mountains to the east and southeast, and on suspected faults which possibly are buried under detrital material along the southwest margin of the valley. These faults probably have been quiescent during Pleistocene and Recent times. However, we have strong evidence that this activity is being revived under the weight of the recently created Lake Mead. This lake has caused the underlying crustal blocks to be depressed probably several inches. In particular, the lower basin of the lake, which contains nearly one-third of the water load, has caused the block thereunder to undergo a downward movement along the above-mentioned faults, while the granitic masses on the opposite sides of the faults have remained relatively stationary. The semimountainous country several miles north of the lake probably is being affected in the downward movement. Evidence to support this belief is based in part on the following observations:

Location of local earthquake epicenters has been possible by the employment of three seismological stations using temporary equipment and, later, small-model Benioff seismographs, placed in a triangular net about Lake Mead, and a fourth supplementary station at Boulder Dam. Seismological work is carried on by means of a coöperative program between the Bureau of Reclamation and the Coast and Geodetic Survey with the assistance of the National Park Service.
A seismic investigation of the Witwatersrand earth tremors*
Authors: Gane P. G. , Hales A. L. , Oliver H. A.
Published: May 2021

The results are presented of an investigation of the foci of Witwatersrand earth tremors by means of 5 small mechanical seismographs. Timing accuracy of about 0.05 sec. was obtained by the use of synchronous electric clocks at each station, the time marks from which were correlated daily by means of radio time signals. The instruments are described, and an account of the locating procedure is given. The average velocities for the area were found to be Vp = 5.40 ± .07 km/sec., Vs = 3.19 ± .03 km/sec. The energy in a large tremor was estimated to be of the order of 1018 ergs.
Earthquakes in Southern California with geologic relations*
Authors: Wood Harry O.
Published: May 2021

A brief historical outline concerning the investigation is followed by description of the geologic faulting in the region. Data of the instrumentally recorded earthquakes of recent years, giving shock magnitudes and the location of epicenters, are tabulated, with notes, comments, and discussion of the quality of the location of the shocks and the incompleteness of the information. Summaries of the tabulation are made in different ways. Maps show the geographic interrelationships of the shocks tabulated, and the faults. These relationships are also discussed in the text. Earthquake magnitude is discussed with relation to the method used in mapping the epicenters, and its energy equivalence is considered. A table shows the geographic distribution of the seismic energy and the corresponding variation in the “density” of activity as well as the corresponding number of shocks. The correlation of the earthquake origins with the faulting is discussed. The prevailing depth of the origins is considered and, based upon the findings, a hypothesis is advanced to account for the random, or scatter, distribution of many small shocks away from the mapped faults—i.e., repeated, migrating slips of small area on nearly horizontal planes at or near the depth of origin, with resultant growth of regional strain. As yet this is only a hypothesis, but the importance of continuing consideration of it is emphasized. The possibility of such action elsewhere, with the production of great earthquakes having large areas of high intensity, is suggested. No basis for earthquake prediction has resulted from the investigation. Future needs are discussed briefly.
The Manix (California) earthquake of April 10, 1947*
Authors: Richter C. F.
Published: May 2021

Instrumental epicenter and origin time for the Manix earthquake are 34°58′ N, 116° 32′ W., 07:58:04 P.S.T. (15:58:04 G.C.T.), April 10, 1947. The probable error of location does not exceed a few kilometers. Certain aftershocks originated south of the main shock. Initial recorded compressions and dilatations are consistent with left-hand strike-slip on a previously identified fault which trends about N 70° E. Trace phenomena, to be reported later, were produced. Other effects, including damage, in the heavily shaken area are described.
Earthquakes in Southern California with geologic relations
Authors: Wood Harry O.
Published: May 2021

Summary and Conclusions

The contents of the paper have been summarized in the Abstract. There is needed only a brief résumé of the gist of the study and its conclusions.

Only tentative conclusions are warranted. The earthquakes instrumentally registered in the Southern California region over a span of less than twenty years, with several interruptions (especially in the earlier years), exhibit a very uneven geographic distribution with respect to number, and also to size (and strength) and thus to total energy.

The larger shocks appear definitely to be associated with the major geologic faults (and so do many of the smaller shocks as well), and this relation is considered causal, slipping along these faults giving rise to the vibration in such earthquakes.

However, a great many others of the smaller shocks do not cluster along any of the mapped faults, but exhibit a random distribution, singly or in groups.

There is strong suggestion that most of all the shocks, both large and small, originate within a narrow range of depth at about 18 kilometers beneath the surface, and this is considered to be near the base of the “granitic” layer here (except in some parts of the region beneath the higher mountains). Though the evidence for this suggestion is strong it cannot be considered sufficient for proof. Notwithstanding this, such a concentration of the places of origin at such a depth appears so probable that it has led the writer to the hypothesis that many of the small shocks originate there as a result of small slips over small areas along nearly horizontal planes with migration of the successive slippings from one small area to another and another neighboring one, with resulting transfer of rock material at depth in such a way as to build up compression and shear along the major faults. With such a mechanism the small shocks in question need have no relation of clustering to these major faults, or to any of the mapped faults.

In order to test either this hypothesis, or other or earlier views, the need is clearly indicated or still more intensive investigation with seismologic stations spaced more closely.
Seismic activity and topography of the sea floor off southern California*
Authors: Clements Thomas , Emery K. O.
Published: May 2021

The positions of submarine epicenters of seismic shocks occurring during a twelve and one-quarter year period were plotted on a bathymetric chart of the area off southern California. The data show: (1) that the sea floor is active seismically, and (2) that the seismic activity and the topography are related. It appears that the major topographic features are of tectonic origin and that the forces which brought them about are still active.
Minimal recorded earthquakes*
Authors: Richter C. F. , Nordquist J. M.
Published: May 2021

Small earthquakes near Riverside have been identified with magnitudes as low as 0.4. The corresponding energy is of the order of 1012 ergs. The number of shocks increases regularly with decreasing magnitude.
Impulsive hydrodynamics of fluid inside a cylindrical tank and of fluid surrounding a cylindrical pier*
Authors: Jacobsen Lydik S.
Published: May 2021

Effective hydrodynamic masses and mass moments have been calculated for the fluid inside a cylindrical tank and outside a cylindrical pier when the base of the tank or pier experiences an impulsive, horizontal translation.

The impulsive velocities set up in the tank have been studied with a view to extending the analysis beyond the impulsive time interval.

Application of the analysis to a specific example has been made.
The scattering of a tsunami by a cylindrical island*
Authors: Omer Guy C. , Hall Harold H.
Published: May 2021

The theoretical scattering of a plane ocean wave of great wave length by a cylindrical island is developed. The pattern of the predicted maximum wave heights about the periphery of the island is found to be approximately that observed around the island of Kauai during the tsunami of April 1, 1946.