bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Micropaleontology in Multi-Disciplinary Research: Applications to OAE2 and KTB
Authors: Keller Gerta
Published: June 2015

Today, it is virtually unthinkable to solve almost any geologic problem without microfossils, whether in terms of age control or environmental proxies. Perhaps the turning point came in 1980 with the impact hypothesis as cause for the end-Cretaceous mass extinction. Although this hypothesis initiated one of the longest running and most acrimonious scientific debates, its most lasting and positive effects include the introduction of really high-resolution biostratigraphy at the cm-scale and the beginning of truly interdisciplinary and multi-disciplinary studies. Rarely has there been a topic so popular, albeit contentious, that it attracted interest and attention by disciplines across the spectrum of earth sciences and beyond. This report highlights advances in high-resolution biostratigraphy and environmental studies based on major events in Earth’s history, such as the Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE2) and the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary (KTB) mass extinction. It illustrates current age control, biostratigraphic resolution, stable isotope records with characteristic δ13C excursions and integration with other disciplines to derive environmental interpretations.
Effect of Temperature and Salinity on Stable Isotopic Composition of Shallow Water Benthic Foraminifera: A Laboratory Culture Study
Authors: Kurtarkar Sujata R. , Linshy V.N. , Saraswat Rajeev , Nigam Rajiv
Published: June 2015

Quantitative estimation of past climatic parameters from stable isotopic composition of foraminifera relies on estimating the precise relationship between stable isotopic composition of the species analyzed and the physico-chemical factors of the seawater. This relationship can be established either on species collected from surface sediments or in plankton tows. Another method to establish such relationships is by subjecting the foraminiferal species to known physico-chemical parameters in the laboratory. In the present work, shallow water benthic foraminiferal species, Rosalina sp. and Pararotalia nipponica were subjected to different combinations of seawater temperature (25°C to 35°C) and salinity (25 psu to 37 psu) in the laboratory to assess their stable oxygen isotopic composition and its applicability in determining seawater temperature and salinity. The stable isotopic ratio of the species shows no consistent relationship with salinity. The relationship between δ18O foraminifera and seawater temperature is more consistent for P. nipponica than for Rosalina sp. Salinity appears to have less control on δ18O foraminifera as compared to the seawater temperature, within the studied salinity and temperature range. The study shows that the changes in δ18O of P. nipponica can be used effectively to infer past seawater temperature changes.
Sequence Stratigraphy of Late Cretaceous Successions in the Ramnad Sub-basin, Cauvery Basin, India
Authors: Nallapa Reddy A. , Jaiprakash B.C. , Rao M.V. , Chidambaram L. , Bhaktavatsala K.V.
Published: June 2015

We interpret the subsurface distribution pattern of Late Cretaceous sandstone reservoirs in the Ramnad sub-basin within the framework of sequence stratigraphy via biostratigraphic and lithostratigraphic correlation with outcrop sections in the Ariyalur area of the Cauvery basin. The sequence stratigraphic surfaces recognized in outcrop sections can be correlated to subsurface sections by using biostratigraphic datum markers. By this method five 2nd and 3rd order sequences can be recognized in outcrops of the Ariyalur area based on sequence boundaries (SB): 1) the top of the Terani Formation (latest Aptian-earliest Albian SB1), 2) the Karai Formation (middle Turonian Marginotruncana sigali Zone SB2), 3) the Anaipadi member of Garudamangalam Formation (late Santonian Dicarinella asymetrica Zone SB3), 4) the Sillakudi Formation (late Campanian Globotruncanita calcarata Zone SB4), 5) the Ottakovil Formation (early late Maastrichtian Gansserina gansseri Zone SB5), and 6) the Kallamedu Formation (late Maastrichtian Abathomphalus mayaroensis Zone SB6). Examination of log profiles of the Koluvur, Ramnad, Perungulam, Chumaitangi, Kanjirangudi, Periapattinam, Ramanavalasai and Uchipuli structures show that sea level lowstands at the end of the middle Turonian, late Santonian and late Maastrichtian are associated with coarser clastic sediments in deeper parts of the basin. This suggests that low sea levels are associated with bypass of coarser clastics in shelf areas and deposition as fan deposits in the deeper parts of the basin. Major sea level falls thus significantly influence the distribution of coarser clastic sediments and the application of sequence stratigraphic concepts aids the understanding of sandstone reservoirs in the Ramnad sub-basin.
Sequence Stratigraphic Analysis of the Mixed Siliciclastic-Carbonate Sediments (Middle Jurassic) of the Patcham Island, Kachchh, Western India: An Ichnological Approach
Authors: Patel Satish J. , Joseph Jaquilin K. , Bhatt Nishith Y.
Published: June 2015

The Middle Jurassic (Bajocian to Callovian) sequence of the Patcham Island, Kachchh, comprises mixed siliciclastic-carbonate sediments displaying transgressive-regressive cycles that record changes in the relative sea level condition. These mixed siliciclastic carbonate sediments are of varying composition representing six sedimentary facies namely, micritic sandstone, allochemic sandstone, sandy allochem limestone, sandy micrite, muddy micrite, and micritic mudrock along with the grey shale, allochemic limestone and ferruginous sandstone facies. These sedimentary facies are bioturbated with a total of 65 ichnospecies of 42 ichnogenera which are recurring throughout the sequence. The trace fossils are further grouped into nine trace fossil assemblages based on environmentally related traces based on diversity, frequency and preservational aspects (viz., Arenicolites, Asterosoma, Gyrochorte, Ophiomorpha, Planolites/Palaeophycus, Phycodes, Rhizocorallium, Skolithos and Thalassinoides assemblages). The sedimentary units (packages) coupled with ichnoassemblages reveal three transgressive system tracts (TST) and four regressive system tracts (RST) separated by flooding surfaces representing 3rd order transgressive-regressive (T-R) cycles bounded by regressive surfaces. In the T-R cycle, presence of the Rhizocorallium ichnoassemblage (TRC-II) and Arenicolites, Thalassinoides with Planolites-Palaeophycus assemblages (TRC-III) mark the flooding surfaces while the Skolithos assemblage with the Planolites-Palaeophycus assemblage (TRC-I), Arenicolites assemblage (TRC-II) and Planolites-Palaeophycus assemblage (TRC-III) mark the regressive surfaces. These soft ground ichnoassemblages mark the Skolithos and Cruziana ichnofacies conditions developed in progradational and retrogradational sequences and indicate cyclic changes in bathymetry within shoreface-offshore settings. An integrated sedimentological and ichnological approach has allowed the recognition of the internal organization of the sequence in absence of significant physical expressions of discontinuity surfaces at the T-R cycle scale.
Distribution of Benthic Ostracoda in surface and subsurface backwater sediments of Ernakulam, Kerala, Southwest coast of India: Microenvironmental Implications
Authors: Hussain S.M. , Kuleen E.C. , Jisha K. , Elumalai K. , Ravi G.
Published: June 2015

Fourteen surface and two core sediment samples were collected from the backwaters of Cochin, Kerala, southwest coast of India, in order to study the systematics and distribution of Recent Ostracoda. The ostracod taxa were separated from the sediments applying standard micropaleontological techniques. A total of 20 Ostracod species belonging to 17 genera and 8 families were identified. Sediment parameters such as CaCO3, organic matter and sand-silt-clay ratio were estimated for the surface as well as core samples in order to determine the relationship between substrate and Ostracoda populations, and to evaluate the favoured substrate of dominant species populations. The down core distribution of sediment parameters and ostracod assemblages is presented. Based on this data we determine that ostracods favour silty-sandy substrate environments. The rate of sedimentation was determined based on the ratio between the carapace and open valves of Ostracoda. The benthic ostracod fauna recorded is characteristic of a tropical, brackish to epi-neritic environment and few warm, shallow marine species occur in the backwaters of Cochin, may be due to the tidal influence.
Paleoclimate and Paleoenvironment of the Naredi Formation (Early Eocene), Kutch, Gujarat, India
Authors: Khozyem Hassan , Adatte Thierry , Keller Gerta , Spangenberg Jorge E. , Saravanan N. , Bajpai Sunil
Published: June 2015

The Naredi Formation of Kutch, Gujarat, India, is early Eocene in age and marks the first marine transgression above the last Deccan traps. Sediment deposition occurred in a shallow inner shelf environment that varied from a brackish lagoon to brackish, normal inner shelf and to marginal marine environments. The section can be divided into 2 main transgressive cycles interrupted by a regression phase that is marked by a well-defined sequence boundary marked by a root-bearing paleosoil. Three intervals yielded common to abundant benthic foraminiferal assemblages. Planktic foraminifera are few to rare and restricted to the top of the section, except for Chiloguembelina trinitatensis. An early Eocene age can be attributed to the Naredi section based primarily on larger benthic foraminifera (SBZ8 to SBZ11, equivalent to planktic foraminiferal biozones E4 to E6), rare planktic foraminifera, the stable isotope curve and its correlation with marine sections and sequence stratigraphy. Sediments of the transgression/regression cycles were derived from physical and chemical-weathering processes of basaltic rocks as indicated by the different geochemical proxies. Carbon isotope analyses of bivalve shells and organic matter reveal a negative excursion that is correlative with the global Early Eocene excursion. The presence of fish bones, fish teeth and organic matter can be related to the Early Eocene climatic optimum. Clay mineral data from the Naredi Formation indicate variably hot humid to arid climate conditions.
Strontium Isotope Stratigraphy of the Naredi Formation, Kutch Basin, India
Authors: Anwar Danish , Choudhary A.K. , Saraswati P.K.
Published: June 2015

The Naredi Formation records the first marine transgression of the Cenozoic era in Kutch. Its age has remained equivocal and various workers have assigned different ages ranging from Late Palaeocene to Early and Middle Eocene. In this study we carried out strontium isotopic analysis of the foraminiferal shells of the Naredi Formation to determine its numerical age in order to resolve this controversy. The measured 87Sr/86Sr ratios, lying between 0.707727 and 0.707816, have been compared with the standard strontium isotope variation curve for the Cenozoic. Biostratigraphically, the formation ranges from shallow benthic zone SBZ 6 to SBZ 11 corresponding to planktonic foraminiferal zones P5 to P9 (Serra-Kiel et al., 1998). The biostratigraphically constrained Sr isotopic values indicate that the Naredi Formation is of Early Eocene age spanning from 50 to 55Ma.
Palaeoenvironmental Significance of Rectilinear Benthic Foraminifera in the Middle Eocene section of Matanomadh Sub-basin, Kutch
Authors: Khanolkar Sonal , Kumar Saraswati Pratul
Published: June 2015

A lignite-bearing section at Matanomadh (N23°30′; E68°55′) in Kutch was examined for its foraminiferal assemblage. The section consists of lignite and carbonaceous shale in the lower part and mudstone in the upper part. The mudstone is characterized by a low diversity and moderate abundance of dwarf foraminifera. The presence of Halkyardia minima, Linderina kutchensis and Lockhartia alveolata suggests its correlation with Fulra Limestone exposed in the adjoining regions of Kutch. The smaller benthic foraminifera mainly include the species of Brizalina, Bulimina, Trifarina, Cibicides, Discorbis and Guttulina. The Rectilinear Benthic Foraminifera morphogroup (RBF) constituting up to 60% of the foraminiferal assemblage are characterized by large pores. These are typical characteristics of foraminiferal assemblages from low oxygen environment. The peak abundance of RBF occurs consistently at co-eval levels in several sections of Kutch. It is suggestive of dysoxic conditions in late Middle Eocene, corresponding to planktonic foraminiferal zone P13.
Early Paleocene Planktic Foraminifers and Stratigraphy, Jaisalmer Basin, Rajasthan
Authors: Kalia Prabha , Rabha Swapna , Kintso Rokosuno
Published: June 2015

Early Paleocene planktic foraminifera (Zones P1c to P4) from well sections (Sanu, Sam, Tanot, Ram-1, GTF-1) are reported from the Jaisalmer Basin. The Subzone P1c is characterized by the hemipelagic early Danian species Globoconusa daubjergensis, Eoglobigerina edita, Praemurica pseudoinconstans, P. inconstans, Parasubbotina pseudobulloides, Subbotina triloculinoides and Globanomalina compressa. Zone P2 is identified by the total range of Praemurica uncinata and Eoglobigerina spiralis and Zone P3 by the occurrence of Igorina pusilla in association of Morozovella angulata and M. conicotruncata. Larger benthic foraminiferal species, such as Assilina dandotica, are abundant in the interval identified as Zone P4 characterized by Globanomalina pseudomenardii, Morozovella velascoensis, Igorina albeari, I. tadjikistanensis, Subbotina velascoensis, S. triangularis, Acarinina soldadoensis, and Parasubbotina varianta. This indicates a lower P4 stratigraphic range for Assilina dandotica, which was assumed to appear in Zone P5 (= Standard benthic foraminiferal Zone 5). The Paleocene-Eocene boundary was identified based on Acarinina africana and A. sibaiyaensis marking the Zones P5 to E1 interval.
Multiproxy Evidence of Main Deccan Traps Pulse near the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary
Authors: Adatte Thierry , Keller Gerta
Published: June 2015

Recent studies indicate that the bulk (80%) of Deccan trap eruptions occurred over a relatively short time interval in magnetic polarity C29r, whereas multiproxy studies from central and southeastern India place the Cretaceous-Tertiary (KT) mass extinction near the end of this main phase of Deccan volcanism suggesting a cause-and-effect relationship. Beyond India multiproxy studies also place the main Deccan phase in the uppermost Maastrichtian C29r below the KTB (planktic foraminiferal zones CF2-CF1), as indicated by a rapid shift in 187Os/188Os ratios in deep-sea sections from the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans, coincident with rapid climate warming, coeval increase in weathering, a significant decrease in bulk carbonate indicative of acidification due to volcanic SO2, and major biotic stress conditions expressed in species dwarfing and decreased abundance in calcareous microfossils (planktic foraminifera and nannofossils). These observations indicate that Deccan volcanism played a key role in increasing atmospheric CO2 and SO2 levels that resulted in global warming and acidified oceans, respectively, increasing biotic stress that predisposed faunas to eventual extinction at the KTB.
Late Permian Palynofossils from the Pali Formation, South Rewa Basin, Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Ram-Awatar  , Gautam Saurabh
Published: June 2015

The present paper deals with the palynological analysis of the Middle Pali sediments exposed along the Murna Nala section, Sohagpur coalfield, South Rewa Basin, Madhya Pradesh. Quantitative and qualitative analyses reveal the Dominance Datum (DODs) of Faunipollenites, Striatopodocarpites and Crescentipollenites in association with Rhizomaspora, Distriatites, Dicappipollenites, Gondisporites, Scheuringipollenites, Densipollenites, Sahnites, Parasaccites, Platysaccus, Plicatipollenites and Potonieisporites. The First Appearance Datum (FADs) of key taxa (e.g., Arcuatipollenites ovatus, Lundbladispora brevicula, Alisporites asanolensis, Goubinispora morondavensis and Weylandites circularis) suggest conclusive evidence for a Late Permian age. The present palynoassemblage of Pali Formation is indicative of palynozone R-1B of Raniganj Formation in Damodar Basin (Tiwari and Singh, 1986). Hence, the Murna Nala sediments have been dated Late Permian in age, which correlates with the Pali Formation (Middle Member) in the South Rewa Basin.
An Evaluation of Carbonaceous Metaphytic remains from the Proterozoic Singhora Group of Chhattisgarh Supergroup, India
Authors: Babu Rupendra , Kant Singh Veeru
Published: June 2015

Proterozoic grey to khaki grey shales of three localities from the Saraipali and Chhuipali Formations of the Singhora Group, Chhattisgarh Basin, contain diversified, exceptionally well preserved compressions and impressions of planktic and benthic meso-megascopic uni-multicellular eukaryotic metaphytes and rare prokaryotic thin films. These vegetative forms are millimeter-centimeters in size and varied shapes viz. straight to curve leafy-discoidal-palmate with and without parastem=holdfasts. A few are dichotomously branched and compactly entangled with numerous filaments. The present enigmatic remarkable thalloid fossil assemblage includes 19 taxa (viz. Beltina danai, Changchengia stipitata, Chuaria circularis, Enteromorphytes siniansis, Eopalmaria prinstina, Longfengshania fusiformis, L. ovalis, L. spheria, Palaeochorda vindhyansis, Phascolites imparilis, Proterotaenia montana, Siphonophycus solidum, Sitaulia minor, Tawuia dalensis, Tuanshanzia fasciaria, T. lanceolata, T. platyphylla, Tyrasotaenia podolica and Leiospheridia sp.) belonging to Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta, Rhodophyta and Xanthophyta algae. The morphology and associated characters of these diversified new fossils indicate the advent of eukaryotic multicellularity in the latest Palaeoproterozoic and polybiont algal diversity or paraphylly probably at two age intervals (1750 Ma and 1400 Ma), which mark evolutionary trends in Proterozoic life. The assemblage reveals an oscillating theromcline, congenial environment and subtidal-intertidal conditions within a photic zone for the two facies deposits in the Singhora Group.
Boa comida em banquetes como razão para arriscar a vida: o discurso de Sarpédon a Glauco
Authors: Assunção Teodoro Rennó
Published: June 2015

Bref commentaire sur le fameux discours de Sarpédon à Glaucus dans l’Iliade (XII 310-328), visant à esquisser une proposition de lecture matérialiste de ce discours où l’objectif déclaré de l’acte de risquer la vie au combat (dont le présupposé est évidemment la mortalité) serait non pas la gloire (le kléos )

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
LEITE, L. R. Marcial e o livro. Vitória: EDUFES, 2011. (135 p.) ISBN 9788577720767
Authors: Borges Joana Junqueira , Vieira Brunno Vinicius Gonçalves
Published: June 2015

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Demódoco e as lágrimas de Odisseu
Authors: Caetano Andreza
Published: June 2015

We seek in this paper to discourse about how the Greek poet was seen in ancient times, focusing especially on Demodocus and on the tears shed by Odysseus when he was listening to the first and the third song of the bard, in Book VIII of the Odyssey, establishing a relationship among other weeping situations in the epic and, eventually, in the Iliad. We intend to approach the possibility of defining the emotions of the hero, through the support that the text gives us, including, for instance, the situations of occurrence of the word λείβων juxtaposed against δάκρυον and εἶβον and the use of a simile after weeping as a figure used to shape the sound and not the feeling of the hero.
Salvando a vida ou a si próprio: um comentário crítico ao fragmento 5 West, de Arquíloco
Authors: Dutra Luiza Monteiro de Castro Silva
Published: June 2015

This paper tries to enrich a philological discussion regarding Archilocus' fragment 5 West. Textual criticism tradition has been arguing whether psykhén or autón should be taken into account in the beginning of the fragment's third line. Since our aim is to decide which term is more appropriate, relevant modern commentaries related to the subject and some Homeric passages have been consulted in order to support our arguments.
Aspectos da lógica estoica e da lógica em Sêneca
Authors: Bregalda Maíra Meyer
Published: June 2015

RÉSUMÉ: La logique, dans l’Antiquité, comportait un champ beaucoup plus vaste que celui qu’on attribue aujourd’hui à ce terme e à ses implications. On sait que la logique moderne, contemplée à partir des études actuelles sur le langage, comme la sémantique, a pour objectif de vérifier la validité des divers modes de raisonnement. Cependant, les aspects privilégiés par la logique antique, y compris par la logique stoïcienne, concernent la relation entre les mots et la structure même du langage. La logique stoïcienne est surtout propositionnelle; il s’agit dês relations entre des items (axiomes) qui ont une structure de proposition. Notre but, dans cet article, sera d’examiner ces aspects de la logique stoïcienne et de les confronter au traitement de cette partie de la philosophie chez Sénèque. Nous soulignerons, bien que brièvement, lês différences entre la logique stoïcienne et celle d’Aristote, en présentant des extraits d’ouvrages qui soient capables d’éclairer les oppositions entre les deux.

MOTS-CLÉS: Sénèque; logique stoïcienne; logique péripathéticienne; philosophie ancienne; sémantique.
O Outro Mundo dos celtas atlânticos e a mítica Brasil, ilha dos afortunados: primeiras abordagens
Authors: Donnard Anna
Published: June 2015

À l’Ouest de l’Europe, dans la mer celtique et plus loin dans l’Atlantique, une géographie celte de l’Autre Monde peut être identifiée. Dans cette géographie l’île Brasil est un élément de mythologie celte passé à un folklore chrétien. Nous essayons de comprendre comment le mythe d’une île de la mythologie celte, en l’occurrence l’île Brasil, ait passé, probablement, d’une littérature orale ou écrite perdue à la littérature et à la cartographie médiévales. Pour cela il nous faut travailler dans le champ difficile de l’hagiographie celtique et celto-latine en ayant aussi comme matériau d’analyse et comparaison les récits mythologiques, plus particulièrement les mmarama: narratives de circunavegation des héros celtiques.

 

 
Estratégias de marcação temporal nas Cantigas de Santa Maria
Authors: Ribeiro Andrea Lourdes
Published: June 2015

Considering the conception of language as an intersubjective activity, this work intends to develop a study concerning the linguistic expression of a given time, in a synchronic period corresponding to the first phase of the Archaic Period of the Portuguese language. Taking a corpus formed by ballads of miracles of the major “troubadourbook” of the Medieval Iberia as reference, the Cantigas de Santa Maria (Saint Mary’s Ballads), by D. Afonso X, the various resources used by the author(s) to landmark such temporal category are highlighted and analyzed, taking two main aspects into consideration: the narrative production and the world which is being narrated.
Recepção da poesia erótica latina no séc. XIX: José Feliciano de Castilho e sua edição dos Amores, de Ovídio
Authors: Vieira Brunno Vinicius Gonçalves
Published: June 2015

This paper presents some results of the research project “José Feliciano de Castilho and classical tradition in the 19th Century”, financed by FAPESP. My aim is to offer a presentation to the “Grinalda Ovidiana”, a large commentary to Ovid’s Amores that ends up the paraphrastic translation of romantic poet Antônio Feliciano de Castilho published in Rio de Janeiro in 1858. The wise comments of José Feliciano de Castilho constitute a concrete evidence of the reception of ancient Latin Literature during the “Segundo Reinado”. Some considerations about how Castilho Antônio and Castilho José read and translated erotic classical poetry will be made too.
Diktyoulkoí – um drama satírico de Ésquilo
Authors: Aun Ana Luiza Gontijo
Published: June 2015

The satyr play was a small, comic play that closed a Greek tragic trilogy, placing the characters of the tragedy on a different setting where they meet satyrs and are mocked by them. The tragic tetralogy was common during the 5th and 4th centuries b.C., and all major tragedians such as Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides wrote satyr plays, being Aeschylus considered the best of them in this genre. Unfortunately, there are only fragments of his satyr plays and the Diktyoulkoi is the one with the largest numbers of verses preserved. The fragments were discovered separately and put together later. The main ones are the P.S.I. 1209a and P.Oxy.18 2161. They contain enough information about the plot, allusion to the myth of Danae and Perseus to which it is related and typical linguistic characteristics of the satyr play.
O estatuto do narrador e da matéria narrada no Satyricon de Petrônio
Authors: Bianchet Sandra Maria Gualberto Braga
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT: The Satyricon of Petronius (first century a.D.) is taken as a literary work of which there is no precedent; compared to all other known works produced up to its time, it has unique characteristics. Nevertheless it reshapes many literary genres, either in prose or in verse, by means of parody, and restates a new way of making fiction: independent from inspiration by Muses, dependent on first-person narrator. It is intended here to focus on some traces of this new modus narrandi found in Petronius’ Satyricon.

KEYWORDS: Satyricon; Petronius; Latin novel; parody; first-person narration.
 
Do poder que se impõe e se afronta
Authors: Souza Pedro De
Published: June 2015

RÉSUMÉ: La question de cet article est de proposer des élémentspour répondre quelle est la nature des relations impliquant lephénomène du pouvoir chez Michel Foucault. Mon idée est dedévelopper un compte rendu analytique du pouvoir, ce qui signifienon pas d’une définition a-priori, mais de prendre le pouvoir en tantque la réalité des évenements et l’effet d’une manière de penser. Lescript pour mon exposition prend comme principe directeur l’idéeque le pouvoir, en fait, n’est rien que des relations, y compris lesforces de domination et les forces de liberté, des forces imposanteset des forces d’affrontement.

MOTS-CLÉS: rélations de force; pouvoir; résistance; discours;subjectivité.
MAFRA, J. J. Cultura clássica grega e latina. Belo Horizonte: PUC Minas, 2010. (211 p.) ISBN 8560778543
Authors: Almeida Priscilla Adriane Ferreira
Published: June 2015

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Tramas de Afrodite e Eros: sedução e capitulação na mélica grega arcaica
Authors: Ragusa Giuliana
Published: June 2015

This article presents a study of Aphrodite’s and Eros’s images in archaic Greek melic poetry, in some fragments where the “I”, as a result of their divine action, becomes a helpless victim of the power of erotic desire and/or a seducer/seductress in pursuit of the beloved one. These are the melic poets and fragments herein commented: Alcman (Fr. 59(a) Dav.), Sappho (Frs. 1, 102 Voigt), Ibycus (Frs. 286, 288, 287 Dav.).
Homero brasileiro: Odorico Mendes traduz a épica clássica
Authors: Oliveira José Quintão de
Published: June 2015

Manuel Odorico Mendes wrote a few verses from his own craft wich survived and reached the present time as À tarde (To the Evening), but got his place on Literary Companions as a translator, converting into the Portuguese language the Classical Epic (The Iliad, The Odissey, The Aeneid) and other works including a modern writer (Voltaire). His effort was well received for some of his contemporaries as João Francisco Lisboa, but later encountered a strong oposition from critics as Silvio Romero, and after him Antonio Candido. Recently some critics atained to the Concret Poetry and others try to recover Odorico translating works, sometimes confering him distinguished offspring as Sousândrade and Guimarães Rosa. This paper intents to analyse Odorico poetry as well as what say his critics aiming to contribute to verify his place on the Brazilian Classical Poetry and consequently on the Literature itself.
Imagens da ruralidade no Cato Maior, de Cícero, e no De Re Rustica, de Varrão Reatino: questões preliminares
Authors: Trevizam Matheus
Published: June 2015

Nous avons pour but, dans cet article, d’établir des comparaisons entre le traitement du thème de la ruralité dans le De re rustica, de Varron, et le Cato Maior, de Cicéron. Le premier texte nous présente une image de la vie et des pratiques rurales qui permet de l’inclure légitimement dans la catégorie de la littérature technique ancienne; il nous montre aussi, clairement, que les Romains du temps de l’auteur ne se consacraient pas toujours en “honnêtes paysans” aux activités de la vie rurale. On peut, en effet, y trouver beaucoup de concessions au luxe, ou à l’amour excessif du gain. Dans le Cato Maior de Cicéron, en revanche, la nature même d’un petit ouvrage qui appartient au groupe des écrits philosophiques de l’auteur et comporte de probables connotations consolatoires pour ceux qui redoutent les douleurs de la vieillesse, contribue à confiner la ruralité dans un rôle qui, quoique n’étant pas mineur, est assurément moins central que celui constaté dans le De re rustica. Pour ce qui est du dialogue cicéronien, en effet, les activités ou plaisirs (uoluptates) de la ruralité constituent, avec autres arguments possibles, la réponse aux griefs de l’inaction et de l’absence de toute jouissance, considérées comme le lot d’une vieillesse difficile: un sage (sapiens) vieillard ne cesse jamais de s’occuper de travailler la terre, dans un souci de production. Ils’engage dans cette activité avec joie, pour son bonheur même. En dernier lieu, nous essayons de montrer brièvementque la structure du Cato Maior, avec, fondamentalement, la partitio exposant d’abord les griefs contre la vieillesse (15), puis les réfutations de ces arguments (15ss.), et ne permettant pas de privilégier les aspects les moins riants de la ruralité: pour cette raison, Cicéron ne fait voir dans cette œuvre, par la “voix” littéraire du personnage de Caton l’Ancien, que les honnêtes et honorables bonheurs qu’est censée procurer l’agriculture.
O estilo em Como se Deve Escrever a História, de Luciano
Authors: Sinkevisque Eduardo
Published: June 2015

Although mixed, The way to write history is a document written mostly in middle style. Even though Lucian uses metaphors in the letter to Philo among other tropes and figures, comparison is one of the style resources most present in the text, maybe the main resource used. Not all cases of comparison used in The way to write history were presented, but when discussing some of them it is considered that comparison is a characteristic resource of the style Lucian uses. That is, according to the decorum of a treatise-moral demonstrative-deliberative letter of the vituperative kind. In order to make the text effective, the didactic and vice correcting functions demand imitation ways using a middle/ low style.
Le virtù e le imprese di Menippo e dei suoi colleghi nella Satira di Luciano
Authors: Camerotto Alberto
Published: June 2015

As personagens que, na obra de Luciano de Samósata, representam a voz da sátira têm virtudes especiais do ser, do fazer, do ver e do dizer. Para a sátira, essas são virtudes indispensáveis, que as personagens herdam, em particular, de Sócrates, dos heróis da comédia, como Trigeu e Diceópolis, bem como dos filósofos cínicos: mas o resultado é algo de novo, que define a figura do herói satírico. A essas virtudes, une-se o riso, que, como uma marca, cumpre a ação da sátira.
Constructing Cicero
Authors: Martins Paulo
Published: June 2015

Este artigo ocupa-se da construção da imagem de Cícero, ligada ao êthos do rétor Cícero. Estudei esta questão baseado na ideia de homologia, já que tal procedimento é muito utilizado por poetas e rétores antigos como recurso para consolidar suas argumentações. Como exemplo, observei como essa é construída por Simônides de Céos e em Aristóteles. Daí, para trabalhar com a função da homologia, desenvolvi o mesmo conceito no tratado Sobre a Invenção de Cícero, no livro II, em que encontrei a construção do êthos ou da auctoritas de Cícero como rétor. A fim de iluminar o tema, usei um fragmento de Dionísio de Halicarnasso do Sobre a Imitação, uma vez que Cícero compara sua própria obra retórica à pintura de Zêuxis (Helena) e Dionísio usa a mesma pintura para explorar o conceito de imitação.
Advances in the Understanding of Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency Syndrome – Diagnosis, Epidemiology and Management
Authors: Laursen Torben ,   Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, University of Aarhus, and Consultant, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital
Published: June 2015

In patients with hypopituitarism, growth hormone (GH) deficiency is almost always present. Lack of other pituitary hormones may require prompt replacement, but lack of GH is also associated with several abnormalities, which can be improved by GH treatment. The aberrations include low bone mass and increased risk of fractures, abnormal body composition, e.g. increased fat mass and reduced lean body mass resulting in reduced muscle mass and strength. Decreased exercise capacity may be influenced by impaired cardiac performance and heat intolerance. Increased abdominal fat results in metabolic disturbancies, such as reduced insulin sensitivity and hyperlipidaemia, increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Patients with hypopituitarism replaced with relevant hormones except GH have increased mortality due to cardiovascular diseases and increased morbidity. Thus, it is important to diagnose GH deficiency, which requires precise diagnostic criteria and methods. Dynamic testing of GH secretion with an insulin tolerance test or arginine plus GH-releasing hormone can be used.
The Hypothalamo–Pituitary–Adrenocortical Axis – An Overview of the Role of Glucocorticoids in the Pathophysiology of Endocrine Disorders and Perspectives for the Future
Authors: John Christopher D , Buckingham Julia C ,   Senior Lecturer in Pharmacology,   Pro-Rector for Education and Academic Affairs and Professor of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London
Published: June 2015

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are the end products of the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenocortical axis (HPA) and, via activation of the ubiquitously expressed GC receptor, influence numerous physiological processes. GCs are also involved in the regulation of basal homeostasis as well as mediating adaptive responses to stress that act to restore homeostasis. This article discusses the various factors that are important in regulating plasma and intracellular GC concentrations and describes the genomic and non-genomic mechanisms used by GCs to influence cellular processes. We describe the concept of allostatic overload associated with chronic HPA activation and the subsequent development of tissue dysfunction and disease. While allostasis is associated with acute stress and a restoration of homeostasis, chronic stress is likely to induce allostatic overload owing to the sustained activation of adaptive processes. Increased wear and tear in GC-sensitive tissues can eventually lead to tissue dysfunction and disease. Chronic elevations in GCs can also induce dysfunction or disease associated with decreased tissue function owing to the prolonged inhibitory effects of GCs or the redistribution of metabolic resource away from physiological systems not involved in restoring homeostasis. Numerous endocrine-related disorders are associated with aberrant GC levels and in terms of pathophysiology may be linked with chronic tissue-specific alterations in GC actions.
Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Cardiovascular Risk – An Overview of Current Understanding
Authors: Rasmussen Ulla Feldt ,   Professor and Chief, Department of Medical Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, National University Hospital, Copenhagen
Published: June 2015

Subclinical or mild hypothyroidism is often associated with adverse cardiovascular risk factors, such as high cholesterol, together with hypertension, endothelial dysfunction and other atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk factors. The ischaemic abnormalities are probably related to long-term consequences of a slowly progressing development of hypothyroidism. In recent years, it has become evident that a consensus on the exact limits for cut-off between normal and subclinically hypothyroid individuals is not currently possible. The main reasons for this are differences for measurement of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), that reference populations are very different and that a person’s intra-individual variability is much narrower than any population-based interval. Finally, the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism varies from 4 to 17% in different normal populations. Available evidence indicates that patients with subclinical hypothyroidism have developed or are at risk of developing an adverse cardiovascular profile and subclinical hypothyroidism is most likely a mild variant of overt hypothyroidism. There is currently no evidence for a treatment benefit, but studies to demonstrate the expected minor improvements have not been performed on a sufficiently large scale. Patients should be informed about the disease and based on a combined clinical and laboratory judgement, should be offered a therapeutic trial in case of even vague symptoms.
Growth Hormone Deficiency During the Transition Phase
Authors: Radicioni Antonio F , Spaziani Matteo , Ruga Gilda , Granato Simona , Tahani Natascia , Papi Giorgio , Isidori Andrea M , Lenzi Andrea ,   Professor,   Medical Assistant,   Medical Assistant,   Medical Assistant,   Medical Assistant,   Student,   Professor,   Professor and Chairman, Section of Medical Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
Published: June 2015

The growth hormone (GH)-insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis has several roles. While achievement of a satisfactory height is probably the most important and well-known, it is now clear that it also affects body composition, metabolism, muscle mass and bone density during the transition period. Recombinant-growth hormone (Rec-GH) therapy is normally administered to GH-deficient children to achieve a reasonable final height. Retesting with a provocative test (insulin tolerance test or growth-hormone-releasing hormone + arginine test) is necessary during the transition period, after measuring IGF-1 levels. If the patient is still GH-deficient, rec-GH therapy should be restarted at 0.2–0.5 mg/day up to a final dosage of 0.8–1.0 mg/day (albeit there is no general consensus on the dosage). In fact, there is widespread literature evidence of the negative impact of GH-deficiency during the transition period, which provokes increased visceral fat and waist/hip ratio, decreased muscle mass and bone density and increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
The Treatment of Diabetes after an Acute Ischaemic Stroke
Authors: Biessels Geert Jan ,   Professor of Neurology, Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Stroke Centre and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Published: June 2015

People with diabetes are at increased risk of ischaemic stroke and outcome after stroke is worse. This paper reviews the treatment of patients with diabetes after ischaemic stroke. First, management of hyperglycaemia in the acute stage will be addressed. We will make the point that, despite the fact that admission hyperglycaemia is a common risk factor for poor outcome after ischaemic stroke, there is still much uncertainty about whether intensive glucose-lowering therapy after stroke benefits clinical outcome. Secondary prevention of further cardiovascular events after stroke is the other main topic of this review. We will show that there are important opportunities for the reduction of stroke risk in diabetes, through a rigorous evaluation and treatment of associated risk factors.
Antitumour Effects of Somatostatin Analogues in the Treatment of Neuroendocrine Tumours
Authors: Bastos Diogo Assed , Gumz Brenda , Costa Frederico ,   Haematologist,   Physician,   Medical Oncologist, Oncology Center, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
Published: June 2015

Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are rare and heterogeneous neoplasms that can present with functional syndromes due to the hypersecretion of peptides. Somatostatin analogues (SSAs) have been used since the 1980s for the treatment of neuroendocrine tumours, with the aim of controlling the symptoms of functioning tumours and improving patients’ quality of life. Data from preclinical studies offer evidence of both direct and indirect mechanisms by which SSAs can exert antitumour effects. The activation of somatostatin receptors by SSAs leads to the activation of phosphotyrosine phosphatases, which control downstream apoptotic and antiproliferation signalling pathways. Also, the suppression of secretion of several growth factors and inhibition of antiangiogenic activity by SSAs indirectly inhibits tumour cell proliferationin vitro. Previous uncontrolled studies had shown tumour shrinkage and disappearance in response to the SSA octreotide. Recent results from the randomised and placebo-controlled PROMID trial have demonstrated that octreotide has antitumour activity in patients with metastatic mid-gut NETs. This article examines recent data providing evidence of the antitumour activity of somatostatin analogues.
Benefits and Consequences of Testosterone Replacement Therapy: A Review
Authors: AS Polackwich , NN Tadros , KA Ostrowski ,   Urology Resident,   Urology Resident,   Assistant Professor, Department of Urology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
Published: June 2015

Late onset hypogonadism (LOH) is an issue of increasing concern. Studies have shown the importance of testosterone in the maintenance of homeostasis, especially with respect to bone health, sexual function, diabetes, cardiovascular risk, mental health and cognition. Much of the dysfunction in hypogonadism can be reversed or improved with testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). Physicians worry about the possible consequences of TRT, especially regarding the prostate. By reviewing the literature, we have found there are significant benefits to TRT, and fears of adverse effects on the prostate are largely unfounded, though there is a great need for larger studies with longer periods of follow-up, especially to evaluate adverse events.
EPODE – A Model for Reducing the Incidence of Obesity and Weight-related Comorbidities
Authors: Borys J-M , Valdeyron L , Levy E , Vinck J , Edell D , Walter L , Plessis H Ruault du , Harper P , Richard P , Barriguettezx A ,   EPODE European Network Coordinating Team, Proteines, Paris, France,   EPODE European Network Coordinating Team, Proteines, Paris, France,   Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada,   University of Hasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium,   EPODE International Network, Brussels, Belgium,   EPODE European Network Coordinating Team, Proteines, Paris, France,   EPODE European Network Coordinating Team, Proteines, Paris, France,   EPODE European Network Coordinating Team, Proteines, Paris, France,   EPODE European Network Coordinating Team, Proteines, Paris, France,   EPODE International Network, Brussels, Belgium
Published: June 2015

Obesity is a global epidemic: it is estimated that the majority of the world’s adults will be overweight or obese by 2030. It is therefore important to reverse trends towards increasing childhood obesity by interventions at the community level. Ensemble Prévenons l’Obésité Des Enfants (EPODE, Together Let’s Prevent Childhood Obesity) is a large-scale, coordinated, capacity-building approach for communities to implement effective and sustainable strategies to address this challenge. EPODE comprises four critical components: political commitment, public and private partnerships, community-based actions, and evaluation. The multi-stakeholder approach promoted through the EPODE methodology has already shown encouraging results in preventing childhood obesity in France and Belgium and has reduced the socioeconomic gap in obesity prevalence in France. The EPODE methodology has now been implemented in a number of countries worldwide, and provides a valuable model that may be applicable to other lifestyle-related diseases.
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea in Pregnancy – More Questions than Answers
Authors: Patel Soha , Louis Judette M ,   Resident,   Assistant Professor, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, US
Published: June 2015

The role of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in pregnancy is not well studied, but an increasing body of literature appears to indicate that there may be adverse maternal and foetal health effects of the disease. OSA is associated with a twofold risk of pre-eclampsia. The small size of the existing investigations still leave unanswered questions about the consequences of OSA as it relates to some other clinically relevant outcomes such as eclampsia, stillbirth and maternal mortality. A consistent body of literature has emerged demonstrating an increased risk of insulin resistance and diabetes associated with OSA. However, among pregnant women, the association appears to be related to short sleep duration. Well-designed and adequately powered studies are needed to further delineate the role of OSA and sleep duration on pregnancy outcome and the mechanisms of those effects.
Congenital Growth Hormone Deficiency – A Review with a Focus on Neuroimaging
Authors: Tsai Sarah L , Laffan Eoghan ,   Paediatric Endocrinologist and Assistant Professor of Paediatrics, Section of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Mercy Hospital and Clinics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, US,   Consultant Paediatric Radiologist, Children’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
Published: June 2015

Growth hormone deficiency is an important cause of short stature in childhood. It is characterised by low growth velocity in childhood and is diagnosed by stimulation testing. Individuals with growth hormone deficiency may have other pituitary hormone deficits in addition to growth hormone deficiency. When multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies are present, abnormal pituitary anatomy, as visualised on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is a frequent finding. The classic triad (ectopic posterior pituitary, hypoplastic or aplastic anterior pituitary and absent/thin pituitary stalk) or variants of the classic triad are commonly seen in these patients. Volumetric sequencing allows all three planes of visualisation to be reconstructed in post-processing, allowing the radiologist to more fully evaluate pituitary anatomy. The normal dimensions of the pituitary gland vary by age and precise definitions of what constitutes a hypoplastic gland are not clearly defined in the medical literature. Having an experienced neuroradiologist interpret the MRI in patients with pituitary dysfunction is very important.
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Tahrani Abd A , Ali Asad ,   NIHR Clinician Scientist, Centre of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham and Honorary Consultant Physician, Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK,   Consultant Respiratory Physician, Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, UK
Published: June 2015

With the growing prevalence of obesity, the burden of type 2 diabetes is increasing. Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a very common medical condition that is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Obesity is a common risk factor for OSA and type 2 diabetes and hence it is not surprising that OSA and type 2 diabetes are interlinked. OSA has been shown to be an independent risk factor for the development of incident pre-diabetes/type 2 diabetes. OSA is also associated with worse glycaemic control and vascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, evidence for the benefits of OSA treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes is still lacking. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of OSA, the relationships between OSA and dysglycaemia and the impact of OSA in patients with type 2 diabetes, highlighting recent advances in the field.