bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Chatbots on the Relationship between Integrated Marketing Communication and Online Purchasing Behavior in The Frontier Market
Authors: Khoa Bui Thanh
Published: September 2021

Artificial Intelligence (AI), applied in many fields, is the core of the fourth technological revolution. In business, AI is used for customer relationship management as applied in the autoresponder systems, i.e., chatbot. Chatbots were an essential tool in the marketing relationship as many companies applied this function to their website; hence, this study analyzed the influence of chatbots on the enterprise's integrated marketing communication (IMC) activities, resulting in impulse purchase behavior and repurchase intention behavior. The mixed research method was used, particularly the in-depth interview and the survey with 886 online consumers, who shop from the online websites with chatbots system in Vietnam as Tiki, Lazada, Sendo, excetera. The research results showed that the perceived usefulness and ease of use of chatbots have positively affected the attitude of online consumers to the IMC activities of businesses. Simultaneously, IMC leads to impulse buying as well as the repurchase intention behavior of customers. The study proposed some managerial implications for an online business to enhance the chatbot functions to consumer behaviors in the website.  
Rheumatic heart disease among Omani schoolchildren
Authors: Hasab Aly A. , Jaffer Ali , Riyami Abdulla M.
Published: September 2021

Screening of 9904 Omani schoolchildren from different regions in Oman gave a prevalence rate of rheumatic heart disease of 8 per 10 000 with no significant difference by sex or level of education. Follow-up of the sample for three months gave an estimated annual incidence of rheumatic fever of 4 per 10 000. The positive predictive value of definite murmurs for diagnosis of cardiovascular disease was 35.21% for school health physicians and 86.67% for regional physicians. The results show that rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease are not major public health problems in Oman. The study recommends integration of the management and control of the diseases within the primary health care system
Distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups in Nepalese medical students: a report
Authors: Pramanik T. , Pramanik S.
Published: September 2021

The frequencies of ABO and rhesus blood groups vary from one population to another. We studied blood group distribution in 120 Nepalese students; 34% were blood group A, 29% group B, 4% group AB and 32.5% group O. The frequency of Rh-negative blood was 3.33% and Rh-positive 96.66%
Reasons for tooth extraction among patients in Sebha, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya: a pilot study
Authors: Hassan A. K.
Published: September 2021

We investigated the causes of tooth extraction among patients in Sebha in southern Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. A total of 600 patients who had undergone tooth extraction were surveyed. We found more males [68%]than females had tadle etti extracted and also patients with no education [53%]. Caries and periodontal disease were the main causes of tooth extraction. For those patients who opted for tooth extraction over other treatment, they mostly did so for financial reasons. There was generally poor oral hygiene and oral knowledge, which should be tackled
Caesarean sections at Queen Alia Military Hospital, Jordan: a six-year review
Authors: Akasheh H. F. , Amarin V.
Published: September 2021

In the 6-year period from 1 August 1991 to 31 July 1997, at Queen Alia Military Hospital, Amman, Jordan, 1339 caesarean sections were performed out of a total 17 392 deliveries, representing an overall incidence of 7.7%. Indications for the caesarean sections were variable. Whether the operation was a primary or repeat procedure was often a major consideration. Efforts to prevent unnecessary caesarean sections should focus on reducing the frequency of first-time procedures
Management of decompression sickness in Jordan
Authors: El Refaei J. M.
Published: September 2021

This study, conducted at Princess Haya Hussein Hospital Hyperbaric Department, examined 23 cases [22 males, 1 female], diagnosed with decompression sickness [types I and II] and treated with hyperbaric therapy. The results showed 61% of dive accidents were decompression sickness type II; 26% of treated patients had residual symptoms after the first session of recompression treatment and 74% made a full recovery. There were no deaths and no complications were observed. The study concludes that decompression sickness type II is the most common type, found mainly in sports divers. Early recognition of symptoms and commencement of treatment lead to a much better outcome
ENSURING PUBLIC ORDER AND SAFETY IS A PRIOR TASKTODAY
Authors:   National Guard of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Gaipov Ravshan
Published: September 2021

Measures to ensure public order and security are an urgent task today. The article proposes to improve the mechanism of work in this area, to develop a "conceptof public safety", and also, the author's definitions of the concepts of "public order" and "public safety" have been developed by studying the views of scientists who have conducted research in this area. Along with this, it was noted the need to involvelaw enforcement agencies and the public in the prevention of offenses and crimes, and the use of effective methods of combating them
THE CONCEPT OF REHABILITATION: EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Academy of General Prosecutor`s Office of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Shodiyev Gulom
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the issue of the rehabilitation in the criminal process in the Republic of the Uzbekistan. The most constructive theories about the content of the considered institution are considered, their advantages and disadvantages are highlighted. Rehabilitation is a process in front of which the goal is to return a person tothe original state, a certain way of life, in which he was before criminal prosecution was carried out in relation to him. The victimhas the inalienable right to compensation for the harm caused by the crime, which is one of the main indicators of justice. This makes it necessary to include in the concept of “rehabilitation” an element of compensation forharm. In the science of the criminal process, there was no consensus either on the procedure for compensation for harm to the victim, or on the content of the concept of “rehabilitation”. At the moment, the problem of maintenance of rehabilitation also worries many scientists and society. The first theory is that the content of “rehabilitation” includes the fact of justifying a person or stopping a criminal case and criminal prosecution on rehabilitating grounds. In accordance with the second theory, the content of “rehabilitation” isthe fact of the restoration of violated rights and legitimate interests of citizens who have been convicted and unreasonably subjected to criminal prosecution, the content of this institution is associated with the legal consequences of the rehabilitationdecision
CRIMINALISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CRIMEOF LARCENY BY EMBEZZLEMENT
Authors:   General Prosecutor's Office of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tuychiev Abdullo
Published: September 2021

The article deals with some problems of criminological characteristics of the crime of мastering or looting by rastrata. The article analyzes the criminalistic forms of investigation of the crime of мastering or looting by rastrata: methods of private investigation, investigation algorithms, tactics of individual investigative actions. The article also examines the criminological concept of the crime of мastering or looting by rastrata, based on the ideas of foreign scientists. In addition, the features of the subjects of the crime of мastering or looting by rastrataare discussed. At the same time, the reasons for the crime of мasteringor looting by rastratawill be discussed. Various optimal solutions to the problems discussed are also considered. The article discusses ways to distinguish the crime of мastering or looting by rastratafrom other crimes by its criminological characteristics. The article deals with the peculiarities of mastering the methods of investigation of similar crimes based on their criminological characteristics and their application in the investigation of the crime of мastering or looting by rastrata
FEATURES OF THE THEORY OF THE ORGANIZATION OF INVESTIGATION IN THE INVESTIGATION OF THE CRIME OF TAX EVASION OR OTHER MANDATORY PAYMENTS
Authors:   he Prosecutor's Office of the Pastdargom district of the Samarkand region of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Mardanov Jasurbek
Published: September 2021

The article discusses some of the problems that arise when investigating a crime of tax evasion or other mandatory payments. The article analyzes the forms of forensic support for the investigation of a crime of tax evasion or other mandatory payments:private investigation methods, investigation algorithms, tactics of individual investigative actions. The article discusses ways to distinguish the The article discusses ways to distinguish the crime of embezzlement by embezzlement or embezzlement from other crimes by its criminological characteristics. from other crimes by its criminological characteristics
ACTUALITY OF THE SIMPLE PARTNERSHIP AS A FORM OF CARRYING OUT JOINT ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Erkabaeva Shakhnoza
Published: September 2021

This article carefully analyzes the actual problems related to attracting investment and optimal ways of carrying out entrepreneurial activity. Moreover, the article presents the ground of ineffectiveness of the legal basis of simple partnership as well as the comparative-legal analysis of limited partnerships according to thelegislation of the United Kingdom and the USA. Furthermore, this article contains proposals for reforming the legal status of a simple partnership based on the experience of the UK and the US in regulating limited partnerships
ROLE AND FEATURES OF INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION IN INVESTMENT DISPUTES RESOLUTION
Authors:   Divisionof the Transport Prosecutor's Officeof the Republic of Uzbekistan, Mukhtorov Saidkamol
Published: September 2021

This article analyzes the issues of increasing the role of international commercial arbitration in the consideration of investment disputes and the decision to international commercial arbitration by agreement of the parties, disputes arising from all commercial relations, both contractual and non-contractual in the country, can be transferred. It is also emphasized, unless otherwise agreed by the parties, the arbitration proceedings and all documents prepared for and during the arbitration proceedings are confidential
SOME ASPECTS OF THE LEGAL REGULATION OF THE CONDUCT OF OPERATIONAL-SEARCH MEASURES BY THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS BODIES
Authors:   Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Rakhimkhujaev Rustam
Published: September 2021

The article deals with the actual problems of legal regulation of the conduct of operational-search measures by the internal affairs bodies. The author proposes to make amendments and additions to article 15 of the Law «On the operational-search activity» related to the basics of conducting operational-search activities. The article examines the current problems of legal regulation of the conduct of operational-search activities by the internal affairs bodies, in particular, the grounds in the Law «On operational-search activities» state that in the practice of operational-search activities, the possibility of performing the task of detecting crimes is somewhat limited. The author calls Article 15 of the Law «On Operational-Search Activity» «the reasons and grounds for conducting operational-search measures», in the text it is necessary to separately indicate the «reasons» and «grounds». Also in the first part,he proposed to introduce a clause «on the need to identify hidden (latent) crimes that are planned, prepared and committed»
NECESSITY FOR COMMERCIALIZATION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND ITS CONTRACTUAL LEGAL FORMS
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Egamova Dilrabo
Published: September 2021

The article analyzes the methods and forms of commercialization of the results of intellectual activity. Possibilities of solvingthe problem of commercialization of intellectual property as an independent direction of entrepreneurial activity in relation to industrial and scientific organizations are proposed. Describes the main contractual relationship in the commercialization of intellectual property, as well as the conditions for concluding a license agreement and successful sale through it. Other legal forms are also considered. The development of this sector in our country is also analyzed. The article analyzes the methods and forms of commercialization of the results of intellectual activity````
ACTUALPROBLEMSOF THELEGALREGULATION OF SPORTCONTRACTS
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Musaev Elbek
Published: September 2021

The article considers the legal aspects of labor relations in sports, examines the legal nature of sports contracts, as well as the issues of improving the norms governing relations related to sports contracts. The issue of registration of relations between the employer and the athlete, coach is widely discussed in foreign legal science. In the light of the latest legal acts adopted in our country in the field of physical culture and sports, it is becoming more and more relevant for Uzbekistan.
Balance of photosynthetically active radiation by remote sensing in a seasonally dry tropical forest in Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Fernandes Gabriel Siqueira Tavares , Lopes Pabrício Marcos Oliveira , Moura Geber Barbosa de Albuquerque , Da Silva Marcos Vinícius , Galvíncio Josiclêda Domiciano , Dos Santos Anderson
Published: September 2021

The objective of this work was to characterize the fractionation of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) and its interaction with the vegetation cover of a portion of Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest at the end of the rainy season in Northeast Brazil. The leaf area index was correlated with each component of the PAR radiation balance to find the best fit models. Second-order polynomial models were used to identify the relationship between the PAR components and the LAI. It was observed that the fractionation of the PAR radiation reflected, absorbed, transmitted, and reflected by the soil and absorbed by the canopy varied according to the class of use and vegetation cover. Besides, as the density of vegetation increased, there was a decrease in the PAR transmitted and reflected, and an increase in the PAR absorbed and, in the PAR, reflected by the soil and absorbed by the canopy, on all the analyzed dates. It was also found that vegetated areas showed greater use of PAR radiation compared to other areas such as urban infrastructure. The vegetation of the São Francisco Valley has great heterogeneity and, consequently, there is a complex relationship with the distribution of photosynthetically active radiation on the surface.
Narrative Interfaces, Identity of The Game and The Integrity of The Interfaces
Authors: Kubiak Adam
Published: September 2021

The paper aims to address an issue of the game’s identity in the context of narrative interfaces and their integrity. Following the approach of Jenkins (2002), Bizzocchi (2007, 2011) and Koenitz (2015, 2018) I propose there to address said topic by attention paid to the integrity of the narrative interfaces design and their role in the presentation and experience of “the game” as particular “that game”. Especially in the context of attempts to recreate specific experience (re­make/revival, sequel and sibling identity), for which main example is the game Planescape Torment and its revival (Enhanced Edition) and “spiritual successor” Tides of Numenera. The short study on said example, as I argue, shows that the main issue has a multilayered nature (including technology, studio politics, artistic design, license legal limitations and such), and the integrity of the inter­faces, especially these which may be identified as the “core” ones, is an important part of them and seemingly small and mere changes, may break it completely. And while the storytelling may deliver literally “the same” story, a changed (or broken) integrity of narrative interface’s design cannot be restored. Creating in effect a different experience, and in essence: a different game. However, keeping said core integrity intact allows to sustain the game identity (and its experience) allowing extending existing mechanics, additional layers of gameplay etc.
Audiosfery lochów, poetyki krajobrazu. Ślady estetyk romantyzmu w grach cRPG
Authors: Felczak Mateusz
Published: September 2021

The aim of this text is to discern and analyze aesthetic tropes in selected fantasy cRPG games in the areas of visual arts and music. The analysis is con­ducted in the context of American romanticism, especially Hudson River School of painting, and musical works belonging to the dungeon synth genre. Through the enumeration and close reading of the elements pertaining both gameplay and digital landscapes, it is argued that the specific type of romantic imagery and its philosophical underpinnings may have influenced the recurring themes in cRPG games, including character development, avatar’s agency and player’s projected disposition towards the game world.
La distribución tradicional del agua del río Turia entre las acequias de la Huerta de Valencia: Un sistema de origen bajomedieval
Authors: Esquilache Ferran
Published: September 2021

The water of the Turia river has been traditionally distributed in the Huerta of Valencia among eight irrigation canals through a system of 138 filas, a measure of water capacity which nature is not clear. It is also unknown what is the historical origin of this system of water division and this is what we study in this article. Thomas F. Glick defended that it was a system of Andalusi origin, and proposed a reconstruction of the original system based on time shifts, but we try to demonstrate that this proposal cannot be correct, especially because it is based on a wrong interpretation of the nature of the row. Subsequently, we provide an alternative proposal on the origin of the distribution system in 138 filas that is based on the proportionality between the amount of water that each irrigation canal has and the amount of land irrigated by each hydraulic system, concluding that the distribution system of the Huerta de Valencia can only have been established shortly after the Christian conquest of the thirteenth century, when the Huerta was greatly expanded and rebuilt. Finally, we conclude that this is another evidence of the great changes that took place in irrigated cultivation spaces of Andalusi origin after the Christian conquests, contrary to what had been said so far.
Effect of Vitamin C on Cadmium Depending Growth and Vitamin C Contents of Citrobacter Freundii
Authors: Ibrahim Muhammad Salihu , Çakmak Meltem , Özer Dursun , Karataş Fikret , Saydam Sinan
Published: September 2021

Citrobacter freundii bacteria were grown in LB medium containing cadmium ion. In order to reduce adverse effect caused by cadmium, different concentrations of vitamin C, were added to the growth medium. While the concentration of bacteria grown was determined by spectrophotometer, the amounts of water and fat-soluble vitamins were also determined by HPLC. The cadmium concentration varied from 0 (control), to 10, 20, 40, 60, 75, 100, 125 ppm in LB growth medium. The effect of cadmium has not been observed on the growth of bacteria, up to 40 ppm, on the other hand no significant microorganism growth was observed over 150 ppm cadmium. Significant change of bacteria concentration was observed in the medium containing 75, 100 and 125 ppm Cd. Microorganism concentrations decreased 18.8, 40.5 and 45.5 percent in the growth medium containing 75, 100 and 125 ppm Cadmium respectively. With the addition of 75 ppm vitamin C to the same growth medium, microorganism concentration was decreased about 2.0, 28.0 and 31.0 percent, respectively compared to the control. In addition, fat and water-soluble vitamins in bacteria grown in cadmium-containing medium was decreased in comparison to the control (p<0.05). With the addition of 25, 50 and 75 ppm vitamin C to cadmium-containing medium, fat and water soluble vitamin concentrations were increased. As a result, it can be said that the negative effects of cadmium on bacterial growth and vitamin content can be reversed by the addition of vitamin C in to the growth medium of bacteria.
Redesain Layanan Bebas Pinjam Selama Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Perpustakaan Uin Sunan Ampel Surabaya
Authors: Supriyatno Hary
Published: September 2021

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui redesain layanan bebas pinjam dan perbedaannya dengan layanan bebas pinjam konvensional yang ada di Perpustakaan UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya dikarenakan pandemic Covid-19. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus, yakni memahami dan meneliti fenomena tertentu yang terjadi secara mendalam didasarkan pada data-data yang terkumpul untuk selanjutnya dilakukan pengolahan dan analisa agar diperoleh pemecahannya. Hasil analisa menyimpulkan bahwa redesain layanan bebas pinjam adalah perubahan prosedur dari konvensional ke online. Ada dua hal yang membedakan keduanya, yakni (1) prosedur layanan yang biasanya manual dengan kunjungan langsung di gedung perpustakaan digantikan dengan pemanfaatan media sosial dan (2) jumlah file upload yang semakin banyak pada layanan bebas pinjam online. Untuk perbedaan layanan pada bebas pinjam konvensional dan online, ditemukan tujuh hal yang ada pada prosedur pelunasan tunggakan pinjaman buku, prosedur pelunasan hutang dan administrasi lainnya, file upload mandiri, proses verifikasi, penerbitan surat keterangan bebas pinjam, prosedur layanan, dan waktu layanan.
Pustakawan Menghadapi Perubahan Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Arlan Arlan
Published: September 2021

Tulisan ini mendeskripsikan tentang bagaimana pustakawan harus menyikapi perubahan akibat pandemi COVID-19 yang memaksa kita untuk mengubah cara pandang tentang interaksi dengan pemustaka dan layanan perpustakaan serta beradaptasi dan berinovasi menciptakan layanan perpustakaan dengan pendekatan berbeda. Prinsip Five Laws of Library Science  yang dikemukakan oleh Rangganathan (1931) dan dimodifikasi oleh Michael Gorman dalam New Five Laws of Library Science  (1998) hendaknya menjadi panduan pustakawan. dalam berinovasi yang didukung oleh upaya terus menerus dalam peningkatan kualifikasi dan kompetensinya melalui pendidikan dan pelatihan, baik dalam ilmu perpustakaan maupun ilmu penunjang lainnya. Nirliterasi pada generasi muda sebagai salah satu dampak pandemi covid-19 yang paling dikhawatirkan akibat kurangnya akses, keterbatasan koleksi, informasi, dan teknologi, serta rendahnya tingkat pendidikan, dapat menjadi celah inovasi pustakawan yang hendaknya dilakukan dengan semangat kolaboratif dengan institusi perpustakaan, organisasi profesi, pemerintah (daerah, provinsi, nasional) atau bersama komunitas masyarakat secara umum, karena permasalahan yang dihadapi skalanya cukup luas. Inovasi hendaknya didahului dengan pemetaan secara kongkrit mengenai permasalahan yang ada di sekitar sehingga hasil inovasi dapat diterapkan secara terstruktur, bertahap, dan terukur. Karenanya, organisasi profesi pustakawan dapat mengambil peran lebih besar untuk berkontribusi memetakan masalah dan membuat sumbang saran mengenai strategi perbaikan literasi ke depan.Kata kunci: COVID-19, perubahan, inovasi, kolaboratif, nirliterasi.
Perilaku Pencarian Informasi Mahasiswa Universitas Islam Indonesia
Authors: Bachtiar Arif Cahyo
Published: September 2021

Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana perilaku pencarian informasi mahasiswa di Universitas Islam Indonesia (UII). Metode yang digunakan ialah deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Teori yang digunakan untuk membangun indikator pada penelitian ini ialah teori dari David Ellis yang berisi karakteristik perilaku seseorang sebelum,saat, dan setelah pencarian informasi. Subjek penelitian ialah mahasiswa UII sebanyak 100 mahasiswa yang merupakan sampel dari seluruh mahasiswa aktif di UII. Hasil yang akan dicapai dalam penelitian ini ialah pola atau karakteristik perilaku mahasiswa UII dalam pencarian informasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini ialah Perilaku pencarian informasi mahasiswa Universitas Islam Indonesia sebelum proses pencarian informasi ialah positif. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan skor rata - rata yang di dapat pada tahap ini yaitu 2,95. Perilaku pencarian informasi mahasiswa Universitas Islam Indonesia saat proses pencarian informasi ialah positif. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan skor rata - rata yang di dapat pada tahap ini yaitu 2,65. Perilaku pencarian informasi mahasiswa Universitas Islam Indonesia setelah proses pencarian informasi juga positif. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan skor rata - rata yang di dapat pada tahap ini yaitu 3,08. Secara keseluruhan, perilaku pencarian informasi mahasiswa Universitas Islam Indonesia menunjukkan ke arah yang positif. Ini ditunjukkan dengan skor rata-rata keseluruhan dari proses sebelum, saat, dan setelah pencarian informasi adalah 2,89. skor ini masuk pada interval 2,52-3,27.
Dampak Ideologi Organisasi Terhadap Keberadaan Koleksi di Perpustakaan Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
Authors: Suryanto Suryanto
Published: September 2021

Perpustakaan dapat dipahami sebagai situs ideologis. Perpustakaan UMY merupakan lembaga yang berada di bawah naungan organisasi keagamaan Muhammadiyah. Sehingga setiap keputusan pemimpin akan berdampak pada keberadaan koleksi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian studi literature terhadap konsep keilmuan bidang perpustakaan dan informasi. Studi literatur atau studi pustaka yang terkait dalam kajian layanan perpustakaan dan menganalisis beberapa  koleksi yang ditemukan menggunakan kata kunci tertentu pada OPAC. Kata kunci yang digunakan adalah “muhammadiyah”, “nahdatul ulama”, “salafi”, dan “hizbut tahrir”. Data diperoleh dari hasil penelusuran koleksi pada OPAC menggunakan kata kunci tertentu. Data diolah dan disajikan secara deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Ideologi organisasi, dalam hal ini Muhammadiyah, ternyata memberikan dampak terhadap keberadaan koleksi di perpustakaan UMY. Dampak tersebut dapat dilihat dari keberadaan muhammadiyah corner yang menunjukkan bahwa koleksi yang ada merupakan koleksi yang berhubungan dengan ke-muhammadiyah-an. Jumlah Judul koleksi dengan kata kunci “muhammadiyah” yang memiliki perbandingan sebanyak 98,37%. Begitu juga dengan penambahan koleksi dari tanggal 16 Desember 2016 sampai 17 November 2020 yang menunjukkan bahwa judul koleksi dengan kata kunci “muhammadiyah” bertambah sebanyak 311 judul.
ESWL;
Authors: Sarwar Bhatti Wasim , Memon Aijaz Hussain , Khalid Nauman
Published: September 2021

Objectives: Objectives of the study are to evaluate extracorporeal shock waveslithotripsy (ESWL) with and without double-J-ureteric stent in 2-3 cm renal stone. Study Design:Comparative study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was out conducted at LithotripsyCenter, Department of Urology & Renal Transplantation, KEMU/ Mayo Hospital, Lahore, fromJune 2015to May 2016.”Methodology: This study consisted of 60 patients admitted. Allpatients were divided into two equal groups. Thirty patients of kidney stones were included ingroup A, who were treated by ESWL without double-j-ureteric stent. Group B, who were treatedby ESWL with prior double-j-ureteric stent insertion. Detailed History was taken from all thepatients with special regard to the renal stone pain. Detailed Clinical examination of the patientwas done and recorded in proforma. Systemic review was also done to see any co-morbidity.All patients underwent for base line and specific investigations” like Urinalysis Pre-ESWL andat monthly intervals post ESWL, mid-stream urine examination for Gram’s staining; culture andsensitivity were performed in selected patients, renal ultrasonography, Plain X-Ray KUB andintravenous Urography. Inclusion criteria were that all patients from both sexes between theages of 15-45 years suffering from renal stones 2-3cm will be included in the study. In Exclusioncriteria; patients are unfit for general anesthesia, advance cardiac diseases, bleeding disorders,pregnant women, lower ureteral stones, malignancy and severe urinary infection. Results: 60patients, there were 40 males and 20 females, with male to female ratio of 2:1. Minimum of 15year to 45 years in both group. Mean age was 32+ 2.1years. 38(63.33%) of patients has 2.5-3 cm stone and 22(36.66%) patients has 2-2.5cm stone. Commonest location of stone was34(57%) cases were lying in calyces followed by pelvis stones which accounted for 26(43%)stones. The average number of retreatment sessions was 2 to 3 sessions, ranged 1 to 5sessions. The majority 39 (65%) patients needed one & two sessions. Three & four sessionswere used in 17 (28.33%) and in five session 04(06%) cases needed. Stone clearance observed5 to 45days in 2 to 2.5 cm stone. Means clearance were seen 35+4.6 days in without Double-J-Ureteric Stent while 29+3.8 days in with Double-J-Ureteric Stent. Conclusion: In conclusionour study revealed that The extra corporeal shock waves lithotripsy with double-j-ureteric stentis safe, effective and with less complication rate then without double-j-ureteric stent.
INFORMED CONSENT;
Authors: Lal Ramesh , Pal Vikram , Kumar Punjabi Suneel , Khawaja Naveen , Shoro Mehwish
Published: September 2021

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge andpractice of informed consent among dental practitioners in Hyderabad city, Pakistan. StudyDesign: Descriptive cross sectional survey. Setting: Liaquat University of Medical and HealthSciences, Isra University and Dental practitioners working at private Dental clinics in Hyderabadcity. Period: This study was conducted over period of six months from November 2015 toApril 2016. Material and Method: This study used self-administered structured questionnaire,consist of ten questions to assess the knowledge and practice of dental practitioners towardsinformed consent. Data was collected by visiting offices of the study participants at their workplace or through email and courier with prepaid envelope where needed. The participants weresent two reminders at the interval of fifteen days to return the filled survey form. The responseswere represented in form of percentages. The t-test was used to determine the associationbetween the knowledge and qualification, clinical experience, and age. A significance level ofp<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Our response rate was 86% (103).Majority of the dentist merely knows the meaning of informed consent and overall had poorknowledge (mean score 7.84 + 2.44). The analysis showed that years of clinical practice andqualification was statistically significant with mean knowledge score (p < 0.01). The verbal formof consent was most preferred method of obtaining informed consent that accounted for 82%of study participants. 89% of dentist obtained informed consent from parents when treatingtheir children. Conclusions: From this study, it can be concluded that vast majority of dentistare unaware of informed consent process and their basic requirement. Although majority ofdentist believe that informed consent play an important role in routine dental practice yet manyof them did not use written form of informed consent. Our results would help the educatorsand policy makers to develop educational instruction on bioethics with special emphasis oninformed consent.
VASCULAR SURGERY;
Authors: E-Ali Ahsan Zil- , Rashid Anam
Published: September 2021

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CHOLECYSTECTOMY;
Authors: Ali Memon Gulshan , Ahmed Bilal , Ali Shah Syed Kashif
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Gallstones patients are mostly asymptomatic, but yet, it addsconsiderable burden to health care system as only in United States more than 600000laparoscopic cholecystectomies are performed annually. The introduction of day care withlaparoscopic (LC) surgery in the late 1980s increased the rate of cholecystectomy for about20%. This new intervention introduced changes in indications of cholecystectomy and putfurther impact on health care system. After the introduction of LC, many studies have highlightedand discussed the importance of adequate surgical skills in order to improve the timing andoutcome of surgery. The aim of this study was to see the conversion from laparoscopic to opensurgery in symptomatic patients. Study Design: Descriptive Cross Sectional Study. Period:January 2013 to 2015. Setting: Surgical unit I of Peoples Medical College Hospital Nawabshah.Methods: Study population consists of two hundred cases having non probability consecutivepatients of cholelithiasis who were eligible on inclusion criteria. Results: The conversion ratewas 10 %, seven (3.5%) patients had biliary injury, six (3%) had adhesions, four (2%) patienthad vascular injury, two (1%) patients had gut injury, one (0.5%) patient had dilated commonbile duct. Conclusion: Proper pre-operative assessment and proper anatomical recognition ofCalot’s triangle reduce the rates in conversion from laparoscopic to open surgery.
URINARY INCONTINENCE;
Authors: Amna Ambreen , Nadeem Farkhunda , Srichand Pushpa
Published: September 2021

Background: Genitourinary fistula remains a major cause of morbidity worldwide.Approximately 2 million of women suffer from urinary leakage. Since the establishment ofGenito urinary Fistula center at Isra University Hospital –Hyderabad Sindh. We are able to shareour experience of fistulous women at the time of admission and at follow up visit. Objectives:To determine the different types of urinary incontinence in a woman after genitourinary fistularepair. Study Design: A Follow-up Descriptive study. Study Setting: This Study was done atFistula center Isra University Hospital Hyderabad GU – 11 from January 2011 to December2013. All the women who were admitted with true incontinence followed by Obstetrical andmajor gynecological surgeries were included. However women with stress incontinence andurge incontinence and women who are not willing to include in the study were excluded.Result: Out of one hundred and ten (110) women included in this study, 59 (53.6%) were foundto have obstetrical fistula, while 43 (39%) were suffering from Iatrogenic fistula. Continencestatus were explored at follow up visit. Out of 110 women, 108 (98.18%) & 96 (87.27 %) werehaving no signs of incontinence on examination at first visit and after six week and secondvisit after three month respectively. Only 7 % women fell into incontinence grade 2 at six weekfollow up and only one percent had persistent symptoms of stress incontinence at 3 monthrespectively. Women fall on incontinence grade 3, 4 and 5 were completely cured at 3 month.Conclusion: Success rate of genitor- urinary fistula repair is 98 %. Majority of women (96 %)on short term follow up at 6 weeks showed improved urinary symptoms. Moreover on follow upvisit at 3 months, these women reported improved quality of life and social reintegration afterfistula closure.
PERIODONTAL TISSUE;
Authors: Naz Irum , Mehmood Butt Aamir , Bashir Uzma , Memon Hina
Published: September 2021

Objectives: Object of present study is to determine the effect of fix orthodonticstreatment on supporting tissues. Study Design: Observational study. Place and Duration ofStudy: This study was conducted at department of orthodontics, Liaquat University HospitalJamshoro, from January 2015 to December 2015. Methodology: 60 hundred were selectedfrom orthodontic clinic opd. Inclusion criteria were to select patients with complete dentitionsapart from third molars. Pts with compromise periodontal tissue condition are excluded. All thepatients underwent oral prophylaxes and were given oral hygiene instructions at the start oforthodontic treatment. The patients were examined before the start of orthodontic treatment,after 10 months to 12 months of treatment and the periodontal health was assessed by usingCPITN (community periodontal index for treatment need) around the index teeth using WHOprobe. Results: 22(36.7%) cases out of 60 subjects were males and rest were females 38(63.3%)cases, male to female ratio 1:1.7. Means age was 20.11+1.1 years. In this study CPITN Score-0were observed in 19(31.66%) cases, Score-I in 21(35%) cases, Score-II in 14(23.33%) cases,Score-III in 5(8.33%) cases and Score-IV in 1(1.66%) case. Conclusion: Regular assessmentduring and after completion of orthodontic therapy plays big time role.
PLASMAPHERESIS;
Authors: Qureshi Hamida , Khan Hamzullah
Published: September 2021

Objectives: To determine the frequency of major indications requireplasmapheresis in blood bank of Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar. Study Design: Crosssectional study. Setting: Blood bank of Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar. Period: June 2010to June 2012. Material and methods: Relevant information’s were recorded on a pre-designedquestionnaire prepared in accordance with the objectives of the study. Results: A total of 54patients were enrolled in the trial. 23 (42.59%) were females, and 31(57.41%) were males. Malesto females ration was 1.4:1. We received patients for plasmaphersis in age ranging from 15 to74 years. Majority were young patients in age range 15 to 34 years age. We received majorityof the patients for the subject procedure from ICU (Intensive care unit) 20(73%), followed bycardiothoracic unit 17(31.48%). We also receive two volunteers during study. The frequencyof various indications for plasmapheresis were; myasthenia gravis 29(53.7%), Guillen barresyndrome 20(37.04%) and thrombocytopenic purpura 3(5.56%). Conclusion. From thisstudy we concluded that that autoimmune diseases are common in younger age which is avery serious concern for our society. Plasmapheresis is a therapeutic procedure as well andpatients with autoimmune disorders get relieved with it symptomatically as autoimmuneantibodies are removed. Myasthenia gravis was counted as major disease followed by GBSand thrombocytopenic purpura in our population.
Development of Soil Test Based Fertilizer Prescription Equations for Chrysanthemum on Alfisol
Authors:   Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, J Balamurugan , R Santhi ,   2Directorate of Natural Resource Management, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore – 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India., S Maragatham ,   Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, M Gopalakrishnan ,   Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Dey Pradip ,   Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
Published: September 2021

Field experiments were conducted during 2017 – 2018 to develop fertiliser prescriptions equations (FPEs) through IPNS for the desired yield targets of Chrysanthemum on Udic Haplustalf . The fertilisers prescription equations (FPEs) were developed under NPK alone and under IPNS for the desired yield target of Chrysanthemum by using the basic parameters. The variation observed in the achievement of targets was within the range of ± 10 per cent (90 – 110%) proving the validity of FPEs. Hence, the Inductive cum Targeted yield approach applied to develop fertiliser equations provides a strong basis for maintenance of soil fertility with high productivity and efficient nutrient management in “Precision Farming” for sustainable and enduring Agriculture.
An algorithm to safely manage oral food challenge in an office-based setting for children with multiple food allergies
Authors: Nathalie Cottel , Aïcha Dieme , Véronique Orcel , Yannick Chantran , Mélisande Bourgoin-Heck , Jocelyne Just
Published: September 2021

Background: In France, from 30% to 35% of children suffer from multiple food allergies (MFA). The gold standard to diagnosis a food allergy is the oral food challenge (OFC) which is conducted in a hospital setting due to risk of anaphylaxis. The aim of this study was to evaluate an algorithm to predict OFCs at low risk of anaphylaxis that could safely be performed in an office-based setting. Methods: Children with MFA and at least one open OFC reactive or non-reactive to other allergens were included. The algorithm was based on multiple clinical and biological parameters related to food allergens, and designed mainly to predict “low-risk” OFCs i.e., practicable in an office-based setting. The algorithm was secondarily tested in a validation cohort. Results: Ninety-one children (median age 9 years) were included; 94% had at least one allergic comorbidity with an average of three OFCs per child. Of the 261 OFCs analyzed, most (192/261, 74%) were non-reactive. The algorithm failed to correctly predict 32 OFCs with a potentially detrimental consequence but among these only three children had severe symptoms. One hundred eighty-four of the 212 “low-risk” OFCs, (88%) were correctly predicted with a high positive predictive value (87%) and low negative predictive value (44%). These results were confirmed with a validation cohort giving a specificity of 98% and negative predictive value of 100%. Conclusion: This study suggests that the algorithm we present here can predict “low-risk” OFCs in children with MFA which could be safely conducted in an office-based setting. Our results must be confirmed with an algorithm-based machine-learning approach.
Lexical density and variation in Indonesian folklores in English student textbooks: an SFL study
Authors: Sujatna Eva Tuckyta Sari , Heriyanto H , Andri Setiadi
Published: September 2021

This study aims to study the lexical density and lexical variation in Indonesian folklore narrative texts in English textbooks for grade X which were published by the Ministry of Education and Culture of The Republic of Indonesia. This study uses qualitative method since this study focuses on lexical density and lexical variation in the texts from the textbooks. This study applies the theory of Systemic Functional Linguistics based on lexical density theory of Ure (1971) which was refined by Halliday (1985) and the theory of lexical variation of Castello (2008). In addition, Gunning Fog Index and Estimated Reading Grades by Heydari (2012) are also applied to help measure suggested reading grades of the texts. The data are three narrative texts about Indonesian folklore from Bahasa Inggris: third edition (2017) and Interlanguage (2008) textbooks. This study revealed that the texts vary in terms of their lexical density and lexical variation. Moreover, in some of the texts, their lexical variation does not go in line with their lexical density and affect the difficulty level of the texts to be comprehended. This study also revealed that the texts vary in terms of Gunning Fog Index and many of the texts are suggested for lower graders.
Factors Associated With Health-Related Quality of Life Among Older People Exposed to the Jeju 4·3 Incident
Authors: Kim Moon-Doo , Jung Young-Eun
Published: September 2021

Objective We explored factors associated with health-related quality of life (HRQOL), including socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, in among older people exposed to the Jeju 4·3 incident, and aimed to determine the effects of depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and perceived social support on HRQOL.Methods We obtained data from 110 survivors and 1,011 immediate family members of the victims of the Jeju April 3 incident (mean age, 75.1 years), and evaluated the relationships of HRQOL with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics including posttraumatic and depressive symptoms, and perceived social support.Results Poorer physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment HRQOL domain scores were strongly associated with older age, being a woman, poor socioeconomic status, and symptoms of depression and PTSD. The regression analyses indicated that, when relevant factors were controlled for, perceived social support moderated the negative association between HRQOL and psychiatric symptoms.Conclusion Our results suggest the importance of sociodemographic characteristics, in addition to psychiatric symptoms, for understanding HRQOL in older people exposed to the Jeju 4·3 incident. These results have important implications for interventions aiming to improve the HRQOL of the victims of the Jeju 4·3 incident.
Cortical Thickness and Surface Area Abnormalities in Bipolar I and II Disorders
Authors: Woo Yoonmi , Kang Wooyoung , Kang Youbin , Kim Aram , Han Kyu-Man , Tae Woo-Suk , Ham Byung-Joo
Published: September 2021

Objective Although bipolar II disorder (BD II) is not simply a mitigated form of bipolar I disorder (BD I), their neurobiological differences have not been elucidated. The present study aimed to explore cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA) in patients with BD I and BD II and healthy controls (HCs) to investigate the shared and unique neurobiological mechanisms of BD subtypes.Methods We enrolled 30 and 44 patients with BD I and BD II, respectively, and 100 HCs. We evaluated CT and SA using FreeSurfer and estimated differences in CT and SA among the three groups (BD I vs. BD II vs. HC). We adjusted for age, sex, educational level, and intracranial volume as confounding factors.Results We found widespread cortical thinning in the bilateral frontal, temporal, and occipital regions; cingulate gyrus; and insula in patients with BD. Alterations in SA, including increased SA of the pars triangularis and decreased SA of the insula, were noted in patients with BD. Overall, we found BD II patients demonstrated decreased SA in the right long insula compared to BD I patients.Conclusion Our results suggest that decreased SA in the right long insula is crucial for differentiating BD subtypes.
Factors Associated With a Negative Emotional Response to News Media and Nationwide Emergency Text Alerts During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Korea
Authors: Lee Ju-Yeon , Kim Mina , Jhon Min , Kim Ju-Wan , Ryu Seunghyong , Kim Jae-Min , Kim Sung-Wan
Published: September 2021

Objective To prevent the spread of infection in Korea during the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, real-time warnings have been sent to all residents via mobile phones. This study examined the factors associated with the negative emotional response to media news and emergency text alerts in the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods A survey was completed by 1,500 adults from an online public panel in three regions. We used Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10) to assess the level of depression, anxiety and stress, respectively. Questionnaires related to COVID-19 included fear of infection, and fear of disclose of contact-tracing information.Results The negative emotional response on both news media information and emergency alert text messages about COVID-19 was associated with fear of COVID-19 infection and high anxiety. The biggest outbreak city, Daegu was associated with the less negative emotional response on emergency alert text messages. Fear of disclose of contact-tracing information was significantly associated with negative emotional perception on emergency alter text messages.Conclusion Our results suggest that effective information providing services with considering vulnerable groups are needed to promote acceptance and eliminate negative emotion for disease related information.