bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seismic Upgradation of Building Using Shear Wall and Bracing
Authors: Sagar Sunil Kumar
Published: July 2024

Abstract: The seismic assessment prepare comprises of exploring in case the structure meets the defined target structural performance levels. The main goal during earthquakes is to assure to people is minimized and beyond that to satisfy postearthquake performance level for defined range of seismic hazards. Rehabilitation prepares points to progress seismic execution and adjust the lacks by increasing quality, firmness or distortion capacity and making strides associations. Hence, a proposed retrofit execution can be said to be fruitful in the event that it comes about an increment in strength and ductility capacity of the structure which is more noteworthy than the requests forced by earthquakes. Seismic force, predominantly being an inertia force depends on the mass of the structure. As the mass of the structure increases the seismic forces also increase causing the requirement of even heavier sections to counter that heavy forces. And these heavy sections further increase the mass of the structure leading to even heavier seismic forces. Structural designers are met with huge challenge to balance these contradictory physical phenomena to make the structure safe. The structure no more can afford to be rigid. This introduces the concept of ductility. The structures are made ductile, allowing it yield in order to dissipate the seismic forces. A framed structure can be easily made ductile by properly detailing of the reinforcement. But again, as the building height goes beyond a certain limit, these framed structure sections (columns) get larger and larger to the extent that they are no more practically feasible in a structure. There comes the role of shear walls. Shear walls provide ample amount of stiffness to the building frame resisting loads through in plane bending. But they inherently make the structure stiffer. So, there must be a balance between the amount of shear walls and frame elements present in a structure for safe and economic design of high-rise structures
At War with the Machine: Canadian Workers' Resistance to Taylorism in the Early 20th Century
Authors: Antaya Sean
Published: July 2024

This essay looks at the ways Frederick Winslow Taylor’s modern theories of scientific management (Taylorism) transformed Canadian workplaces in the early 20th century. In particular, it shows how Taylorism negatively impacted Canadian workers’ lives,and examines the various ways that workers consequently resisted Taylorist methods. The essay argues that although workers were unable to stop the widespread implementation of Taylorism in Canadian workplaces, their resistance to Taylorism still played an important role in unionist and radical political movements that gradually gained important concessions for Canadian workers during the first half of the 20th century. Additionally, the essay argues that resistance was significant as an outlet for workers to retain bodily autonomy in work environments that increasingly aimed to make workers more automated. Ultimately, the essay highlights important ways that the Canadian working classes have exercised agency via solidarity and perseverance.
Placing "Rights and Liberties In Pawn Until The Defeat of Hitlerism": Canadian Intelligence Gathering In The Second World War
Authors: Williams Austin M. H.
Published: July 2024

Williams examines RCMP intelligence Bulletins drafted during World War Two that have been declassified under the Access to Information Act. Williams’ Analysis of the Bulletins suggests that the Canadian intelligence gathering apparatus underwent a massive expansion during the war. The RCMP began investigating people and organizations based upon their race, religion, political affiliation or nationalist beliefs. Ultimately, Williams suggests that contemporary tactics mobilized against perceived terrorist threats parallel tactics used during the Second World War
Cesarean Section and Religious Hierarchies in Fifteenth- Century Europe
Authors: Mouat Isobel
Published: July 2024

In the late fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries, Cesarean section, the medical procedure whereby a child is delivered by cutting through the wall of the mother’s abdomen, was an extremely taut subject. More often that not Cesarean sections were performed as acts of desperation to save the child following the mother’s death, and as such, the procedure was embedded in the popular imagination and imbued with symbolic power. While it was promoted by the Catholic Church to save the souls of the infants through baptism, Jewish communities viewed the procedure with wariness due to its perceived unnaturalness. The coupling of divergent religious views on the procedure, a strained religious environment, and changes in the occupational landscape of obstetrics resulted in the utilization of Cesarean section by Christians as a means to demonstrate the corporeal and occupational inferiority of Jews. Mouat uses the Cesarean section as a springboard into the history of the religious tensions and hierarchies that came to define early modern obstretics.
Muzzles and Mixed Messages: Issues Between Science and the Federal Government In Canada’s Past and Present
Authors: Richter Katherine
Published: July 2024

Richter examines the historical relationship between the federal government of Canada and the scientists it has employed over the past few decades. She compares science policy and practices from leaders such as Diefenbaker and Trudeau to the policies currently followed by Stephen Harper’s government. Richter asks what might be achieved by following those policies, despite the criticism received by the science community. The paper will ultimately argue that the federal government and scientists have often had a contentious relationship, and the often criticized policies of the current Conservative government are not at all novel. Ultimately, she argues that these Conservative policies are intended to present a unified political front to the broader Canadian public and to the world.
Comfort Women: The 1946-1948 Tokyo War Crimes Trials and Historical Blindness
Authors: Witt Kathryn J.
Published: July 2024

In this essay Kathryn Witt critically explores the little-known Japanese “comfort women” system — a system that forced women and girls into sexual slavery during and preceding the second World War. The essay starts with an overview of Japan’s colonization and formation of the comfort women system. Subsequently, it compares the Japanese system to the Korean and Dutch comfort women systems, before turning to the Tokyo War Crimes Trials. Witt argues that the United States government, through their representatives, manipulated the aforementioned trials to gain an ally in the Far East. Ultimately, Witt argues that this manipulation facilitated the historical blindness that is associated with the Japanese comfort women system during the second World War.
The 1934 Chatham Colored All-Stars: Barnstorming to Championships
Authors: Miceli Lauren
Published: July 2024

This essay looks at the Chatham All-Stars, an all-black baseball team from Chatham, Ontario that won the Ontario Baseball Association championship in 1934. In particular, this essay investigates the practice of barnstorming, which was significant in showcasing teams like the All-Stars and increasing their revenues. The essay argues that barnstorming was important in the All-Stars success in the Ontario Baseball Association, and that barnstorming also secured financial opportunities for many of the All-Star players. In addition, barnstorming was crucial not only to entertain communities at this time, but also to tighten relationships amongst communities. This essay highlights the widespread racism that the All-Stars, and teams similar to the All-Stars, faced at this time.
Ulu al-Albab in the Qur'an: Meaning, Characteristics, and Role in Social Change
Authors: Zaini Muhammad
Published: July 2024

This study aims to examine the Qur'anic verses that mention "ulū al-albāb." Using a qualitative research design and content analysis, the primary data were sourced from the Qur'an, while secondary data were collected from tafsir texts and scholarly articles. The findings reveal that "ulū al-albāb" possess profound intellectual and spiritual insight, characterized by knowledge, adherence to divine covenants, maintaining family ties, fear of God, patience, prayer, altruism, and repelling evil with good. These attributes distinguish them from ordinary intelligent individuals. "Ulū al-albāb" are well-suited to lead and implement "dakwah" (Islamic propagation), especially in methods requiring deep understanding and strategic implementation. They are expected to serve as agents of social change by occupying significant positions in societal institutions, leveraging their influence to drive positive transformations. This study highlights the importance of integrating textual and contextual approaches in understanding "dakwah" and the critical role of "ulū al-albāb" in Islamic thought and social change.
Recycling of lead from spent batteries in the Trepça complex in Mitrovica,Kosovo
Authors: OSMANI Afrim , Muharrem ZABALI  , Bastri ZEKA
Published: July 2024

In this paper, research has been done on the possibilities of recycling lead from secondary materials, with special emphasis from spent batteries and that through pyrometallurgical processes. The recycling of lead from spent batteries is different in different countries, for example. in America it is 85%, while in Germany, France, Italy it is about 90%, and Japan with 95%, but there are also companies that base their production mainly from secondary lead materials and from spent batteries, pipes, plates, rods, etc. Such a process is designed for the recycling of spent batteries in the former Mining and Metallurgical Combine "Trepça" in Mitrovica, where the production rate was about 15,000t/y, but the max. capacity. of production was up to 20,000 t/y spent batteries. The battery plant is in good condition, but the rotary furnace and connected off-gas treatment systems are not operating and the old refinery is in a poorer condition, so the design is done for all operations in the new refinery. Mass and heat balance was also done. For the purpose of defining the demands of the unit for the bag filter, in the rotary furnace. The work is reasonable not only from the economic aspect of the exploitation of useful metals, but also from the environmental aspect, due to the fact that the toxicity of such a material is even wider.
PSICOLOGIA HISTÓRICO-CULTURAL: ASPECTOS DE UM CAMINHO A PERCORRER PARA O ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS
Authors: Pinheiro Adriana Ramos , Cardoso Sheila Pressentin
Published: July 2024

O artigo apresenta uma pesquisa bibliográfica envolvendo a psicologia histórico-cultural, com o objetivo de auxiliar aquele que deseja se familiarizar com este arcabouço teórico a dele se aproximar, e a continuar percorrendo esse caminho de conhecimento, a fim de desenvolver práticas pedagógicas no ensino de ciências que tenham como compromisso favorecer a atribuição de sentido às aprendizagens dos estudantes, garantindo a eles o seu protagonismo, além de promover uma aprendizagem colaborativa e a desenvolver nos estudantes a capacidade de aprender com seus pares. Ao longo do texto são apresentadas as origens da psicologia histórico-cultural com foco na vida de Vigotski, seguida de alguns pressupostos básicos sobre os quais ela se assenta, apontando e discutindo as funções psicológicas elementares e as funções psicológicas superiores e, por fim, as concepções de Vigotski no que concerne a aprendizagem, o desenvolvimento e a atividade, aspectos importantes no que diz respeito à dinâmica entre o processo de apropriação da cultura e o desenvolvimento dos processos funcionais. Tendo em vista a importância da psicologia histórico-cultural no processo de aprendizagem, e a complexidade dos textos de Vigotski, identificamos a necessidade de constantes investidas na divulgação e análise de seus estudos, inclusive porque alguns deles não são do conhecimento de muitos professores.
PENGGUNAAN PROGRAM ENDNOTE UNTUK MEMPERMUDAH PENULISAN KARYA ILMIAH GURU SMA NEGERI 3 KABUPATEN MUARO
Authors: Ernawati Dwi Wiwik , Minarni Minarni , Yusnaidar Yusnaidar , Yusnelti Yusnelti , Hasibuan Haris Effendi
Published: July 2024

Tugas guru disamping membelajarkan siswanya di kelas, juga dituntut untuk terus berkaryasesuai dengan bidang studinya masing-masing, salah satunya adalah menghasilkan karya ilmiah,terutama karya tulis yang dihasilkan dari penelitian tindakan kelas pada kelas yangdibelajarkannya sehari-hari. Program Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk menyampaikan salah satusoftware informasi teknologi informasi yakni endnote yang dapat mempermudah para guru,khususnya guru-guru di SMA Negeri 3 Kabupaten Muaro Jambi dalam menyusun referensi yangdigunakan untuk menyusun karya ilmiah. Luaran dari kegiatan ini adalah: 1) Guru-guru di SMANegeri 3 Kabupaten Muaro Jambi memperoleh informasi bahwa endnote sebagai salah satusoftware yang dapat mempermudah penyusunan referensi karya tulis ilmiah; 2) Guru-guru SMANegeri 3 Kabupaten Muaro Jambi terampil dalam menggunakan software endnote untukmenyusun referensi karya ilmiahnya. Kegiatan pengadian ini dilaksanakan dalam rentang waktuenam bulan pada SMA Negeri 3 Kabupaten Muaro Jambi yang terletak di Kecamatan Mestong.Metode pengabdian ini menggunakan metode pendidikan penyuluhan, pelatihan dan demonstrasiyang melibatkan guru-guru SMA Negeri 3 Kabupaten Muaro Jambi. Guru-guru sudah mulaimemahami teknik penggunaan endnote serta sudah ada yang mencoba penggunaan endnote,walaupun masih belum maksimal. Selanjutnya dibutuhkan latihan yang terus menerus untukpenggunaan endnote, agar bisa dimanfaatkan guru-guru SMA Negeri 3 Kabupaten Muaro Jambidalam mempermudah pengutipan dan penyusunan referensi karya tulis ilmiahnya termasuk hasilpenelitian tindakan kelas (PTK).
Penerapan Limbah Nenas Fermentasi Untuk Pengembangan Ayam Kampung Di Desa Tangkit Baru Kabupaten Muaro Jambi
Authors: Noferdiman Noferdiman , Suryono Suryono , Jahidin Jaya Putra
Published: July 2024

The objectives of this community service (PPM) are as follows: (1) the application of pineapple waste fermentation technology with Trichoderma viride fungi for kampung chicken feed, (2) improving the knowledge and skills of poultry farmers in formulating cost-effective rations, (3) enhancing the knowledge and skills of poultry farmers in more efficient management and better production. The implementation method of community service involves active interaction between the project team and the target groups, which include 40 community members and farmer groups. The key stages in the implementation of the PPM are as follows: (1) dissemination and training, (2) active participation of farmer group members with the establishment of a Technical Consultation Service (TCS) forum for consultation and dialogue between the project team and poultry farmers, (3) hands-on practice in kampung chicken production management and pineapple waste processing using fermentation technology, (4) monitoring and evaluation (Monev) of the community service program in the farmer groups of Tangkit Baru, Muaro Jambi. The results of the community service activities are as follows: (1) the dissemination and training sessions have successfully increased the knowledge and skills of the participants, with the dissemination being rated as good, (2) the application of fermented pineapple waste as kampung chicken feed has been well-received by the farmer groups and the community in Tangkit Baru, Muaro Jambi  (3) the implementation of this PPM program has proven highly beneficial for poultry farmers and implementing institutions, as it serves as a platform for the transfer of knowledge and technology, particularly in the traditional and non-business-oriented kampung chicken farming practices, thus optimizing the outcomes of these practices and facilitating the development of kampung chicken farming businesses.
Konflik Mangkubumi Wargadireja dengan Daendels Dalam Pembangunan Pangkalan Armada Perang di Teluk Meeuwen Banten Tahun 1808
Authors: Sunandar Muhamad Nandang , Didin Saepudin  , Yasmin Ikhdan Safitri
Published: July 2024

Kajian ini membahas tentang konflik Mangkubumi Wargadireja yang berkonflik dengan Daendels dalam pembangunan pangkalan perang di Teluk Meeuwen tahun 1808-1809. Konflik ini sebagai salah satu penyebab yang timbul karena adanya tuntutan kepada Sultan Banten untuk menyediakan pekerja sebanyak 1500 orang tiap harinya untuk dipekerjakan di pembangunan benteng, Mangkubumi Wargadireja menyatakan tidak mungkin mengabulkan hal itu, namun Mangkubumi dianggap telah membangkang. Berdasarkan kajian lebih lanjut dari beberapa sumber yang relevan. Berdasarkan gerak sejarah menurut Braudelian politik Braudel menyebutnya sejarah peristiwa yang cenderung mengalami perubahan atau berfluktuasi secara cepat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah dengan empat tahapan meliputi heuristik, verifikasi sumber sejarah, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Dengan demikian, Wargadireja merupakan patih dari Kesultanan Banten pada masa pemerintahan Sultan Abul Mafakhir, Wargadireja merupakan paman dari Sultan Muhammad Ishak. Alasan dibangun pangkalan armada perang adalah karena upaya Daendels dalam menjaga Pulau Jawa dari serangan Inggris. Konflik Wargadireja terhadap Daendels disebabkan oleh pertentangan antara Banten dan Batavia untuk membangun kompleks pertahanan yang strategis di Teluk Meeuween, sultan ingin mengakhiri pengiriman pekerja, sehingga Daendels marah dan menyerang Keraton Surosowan. Banten harus menerima tuntutan dari penguasa kolonial yaitu ekonomi dan politik. Hal ini menjadi tugas Wargadireja untuk menyelesaikannya dengan tujuan akhir menjaga kehormatan dan kebebasan rakyat Banten.
Kata Kunci: Armada Perang; Konflik; Mangkubumi; Politik
FAKTOR MIGRASI ORANG MADURA KE KALIBARU WETAN TAHUN 1968-2000AN
Authors: - Hervina Nurullita , Iqomatur Risalatil Mu'awanah
Published: July 2024

Migrasi yang dilakukan oleh Orang Madura tersebar di salah satu wilayah yang ada di Banyuwangi, yaitu Desa Kalibaru Wetan Kecamatan Kalibaru. Migrasi tersebut telah berlangsung sejak lama dan hingga saat ini para migran masih bertahan di wilayah Kalibaru Wetan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap faktor apa saja yang menyebabkan terjadinya migrasi Orang Madura ke Kalibaru Wetan. Guna mengungkan hal tersebut penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah. Ada 4 faktor penyebab terjadinya migrasi tersebut, yakni (1) memperbaiki taraf kehidupan, dari yang sebelumnya tidak memiliki pekerjaan dan pendapatan kini mampu mencukupi kebutuhan keluarga dan juga berkecukupan (2) tidak tersedianya lapangan pekerjaan, sempitnya lapangan kerja menyebabkan banyak masyarakat Madura memilih bermigrasi untuk menemukan pekerjaan (3) pernikahan, banyak sekali migrasi karena alasan pernikahan sebagai alasan seseorang berpindah tempat tinggal (4) hubungan sosial dengan masyarakat sekitar yang kurang baik, lingkungan yang toxic menyebabkan seseorang melakukan migrasi untuk memperoleh kenyamanan.
 
Kata Kunci: Faktor; Migrasi; Madura
Una revisión breve del Índice h y su impacto
Authors: Cortés Osorio Jimy Alexander
Published: July 2024

El índice h cambió la forma en que se mide el impacto de la investigación científica al intentar equilibrar la cantidad de publicaciones de un investigador y las citas que sus publicaciones reciben. Aunque es ampliamente aceptado, también genera discusiones sobre su aplicación y uso justo.
First Order Differential Equations with Applications to Security Service Companies
Authors: Akinmuyise M. F. ,   Department of Mathematics, Adeyemi University of Education, Ondo, Longe O.B.
Published: July 2024

First order differential equations is of interest to Every sectors because of the possibility in it to investigate a wide variety of problems in the physical, biological and social sciences. First order differential equations are powerful tools in Sciences and engineering, such that if carefully and effectively applied to real life problems will yield good estimate results for prediction. The problem of a company engaging in security services is modeled into a first order differential equation and the resulting simplified mathematical equation is then solved. The company expected rate of decay (death, retirement etc.) is then substituted and estimated years of expansion is determined, this form the list of some tested years. It was discovered that the result obtained is a good estimation for prediction. This paper also gives room for any other rate of decay to be tested and expected number of years to be determined.. Keywords: First Order Differential Equations, Applications, Security Service Companies, Predictions Omorogiuwa, O. & Gbadegesin, D.B. (2023): First Order Differential Equations with Applications to Security Service Companies Journal of Advances in Mathematical & Computational Science. Vol. 11, No. 2. Pp 1-10 dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/MATHS/V11N2P1x. Available online at www.isteams.net/mathematics-computationaljournal.
INFLATION VS INFLATION EXPECTATIONS IN 2020–2021 – THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Dunin-Wąsowicz Maria
Published: July 2024

Aim: During the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020–2021, there was a significant increase in inflation and inflation expectations due to the government policies of the United States (US) and the European Union (EU), including the Euro Area (EA). With that being said, the evolving situation within these three po­litical-economic areas highlights the importance of understanding the relationship between inflation and inflation expectations, as perceived by both consumers and professional forecasters. The purpose of this article is to analyze the changes in these phenomena, using descriptive survey’ data analysis and a hybrid model of inflation expectations. Methods: The research methods refer to the descriptive survey data anal­ysis that provides evidence on the long-term courses of inflation in the US, the EU, and the EA, as well as the consumers’ and professional forecasters’ inflation expectations within the period 1999–2019. A hybrid model of inflation expectations has been used to estimate this data during the period of 2021. The study correlates and compares the findings of both types of research. Results: The results demonstrate that dur­ing the pandemic, the evidence supports the occurrence of periodic medium-high inflation in the studied economic areas. Inflation expectations in the US and the EU were periodically weakly anchored, although they were stabilized in the EA. Conclusions: The research, conducted by analyzing price trends and their expected trajectories over various timeframes, revealed consistent patterns. These patterns highlighted similarities in anticipated price changes before and during the pandemic.
Sustainable management of urban forest "Kosutnjak"
Authors: Vracar Mirjana , Djordjevic Kristina , Borovicanin Teodora , Petrovic Ana , Bjedov Ivana , Nesic Marija , Tomicevic-Dubljevic Jelena
Published: July 2024

Urban forests represent networks, that is systems, that include forests,
groups of trees, and individual trees in urban and peri-urban areas. They
are one of the primary types of green infrastructure in cities, enhancing
living conditions for residents and providing a wide range of ecosystem
services. This paper analyzes the urban forest of Kosutnjak, whose area
extends into the urban core of Belgrade. The needs of its users have been
analyzed, as well as the current management practices, all with the aim of
formulating proposals for measures to achieve a resilient ecosystem and
establish sustainable management of this protected area. Additionally, the
goal of the conducted research is to raise awareness among residents about
the benefits provided by this urban forest, as well as its cultural and
historical significance, which gives this area national importance.
A search for suitable mother wavelet in discrete wavelet transform based analysis of acoustic emission partial discharge signals
Authors: Vippala Shanmukha , Punekar Gururaj , Chemmangat Krishnan , Tangella Bhavanishanker
Published: July 2024

Signal processing helps monitor the condition of power equipment. Partial
discharge (PD) signals used in condition-based maintenance give crucial
information in the diagnosis of degradation of insulation. The acoustic
emission technique (AET) is one of the most widely used techniques in PD
signal analysis due to its inherent advantages. Analyzing acoustic emission
partial discharge (AEPD) signals in the wavelet-domain provides critical
insights into the location and type of the sources of PD. Selection of the
most suitable mother wavelet in applying discrete wavelet transform (DWT) on
AEPD signals is important as it will directly impact the outcome. For this
selection, 36 wavelets belonging to the Daubechies, Symlets, Coiflets, and
Bi-orthogonal families are investigated. For this purpose, five
experimentally collected AEPD test signals are used. The selection is based
on the ?accuracy of wavelet decomposition results? in this work, probably
for the first time. One mother wavelet from each family is individually
shortlisted for all three performances, namely (a) reconstruction, (b)
denoising, and (c) compression, by computing and comparing their commonly
used metrics. Further, based on percentage energy criteria, the most
suitable mother wavelets are identified as coif3, coif4, and coif5,
respectively, for the three performances.
Improved cuckoo search optimization for production inventory control systems
Authors: Al-Khazraji Huthaifa , Guo William , Humaidi Amjad
Published: July 2024

The efficient use of the production-inventory control system is of great
importance in the industry. In this paper, an investigation study of the
impact of an optimal Integral minus Proportional Derivative (I-PD)
controller on the dynamic behavior of the production-inventory system is
given. The differential equations of the system are first formulated. Then,
the I-PD controller is proposed to enhance the responsiveness of the
inventory performance. Two swarm optimization techniques, Cuckoo Search
Optimization (CSO) and an Improved CSO (ICSO), are employed to tune the
adjustable design parameters of the I-PD controller. In order to represent a
realistic environment, two simulations are conducted. The first one is when
the system is subject to a unit step change in the demand and second is when
the demand is randomly. In a comparative performance study for both tuning
schemes, the Integral of Time Absolute Error (ITAE) and the Integral of
Square Error (ISE) indices were used as evaluation measures. The simulation
outcomes using MATLshow the superiority of the ICSO to tune the I-PD
controller in terms of reducing the ITAE and ISE indices in comparison with
the result obtained from traditional CSO. The result of this improvement
indicates that the I-PD controller tuned by ICSO looks likely to better in
terms of improving the performance of the system, particularly, by
significantly reducing the inventory cost .
A Randomized Comparison of Post-prandial Glucose Excursion Using Inhaled Insulin Versus Rapid-acting Analogue Insulin in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Using Multiple Daily Injections of Insulin or Automated Insulin Delivery
Authors: B. Hirsch Irl , W. Beck Roy , Chase Marak Martin , Calhoun Peter , Mottalib Adham , Salhin Amna , Manessis Anastasios , D. Coviello Andrea , Bhargava Anuj , Thorsell Ashley , Atakov-Castillo Astrid , W Bode Bruce , Levister Camilla , J. Levy Carol , Donahue Cassandra , Cordero Christian , Beatson Christie , R. Langel Christine , Jacobson Christopher , Kurek Corey , Pickering David , Cruse Dana , Tamarez Denisa , W. Steenkamp Devin , Desjardins Donna , Aleppo Grazia , O’Malley Grenye , K. Akturk Halis , Diner Jamie , D. Baran Jesica , B. Buse John , Ruedy Katrina , R. Klein Klara , Castorino Kristin , Fan Jordan Lin , Kipnes Mark , Mei Church Mei , Hamdy Osama , Raskin Philip , T. Nguyen Quang , S. Weinstock Ruth , Lee Scott , Rizvi Shafaq , Bzdick Suzan , Ghorbani Rodiguez Tahereh , Salah Tareq , Blevins Thomas , C. Kudva Yogish , Haider Zehra
Published: July 2024

Objective: To compare post-prandial glucose excursions following a bolus with inhaled technosphere insulin (TI) or subcutaneous rapid-acting analogue (RAA) insulin.

Research Design and Methods: A meal challenge was completed by 122 adults with type 1 diabetes using multiple daily injections (MDI), a non-automated pump, or automated insulin delivery (AID) who were randomized to bolus with their usual RAA insulin (N=61) or TI (N=61).

Results: The primary outcome, the treatment group difference in area under the curve for glucose >180mg/dL over 2 hours, was less with TI versus RAA (adjusted difference,

-12mg/dL, 95% CI -22 to -2, P=0.02). With TI, the glucose excursion was smaller (P=0.01), peak glucose lower (P=0.01), and time to peak glucose shorter (P=0.006). Blood glucose <70mg/dL occurred in one participant in each group.

Conclusions: Post-meal glucose excursion was smaller with TI than with RAA insulin in a cohort that included both AID and MDI users.
Energy Intake and Dietary Glycemic Load in Late Morning and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, a Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Dai Jin , Nianogo Roch , D. Wong Nathan , Moin Tannaz , C. McClain Amanda , Alver Sarah , Cordero Christina , L. Daviglus Martha , Qi Qibin , Sotres-Alvarez Daniela , Chen Liwei
Published: July 2024

Objective: To evaluate the association between meal timing and type 2 diabetes risk in U.S. Hispanic/Latino adults.

Research Design and Methods: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) is a multicenter, community-based, prospective cohort study. This study included 8,868 HCHS/SOL adults without diabetes at baseline (2008-2011) and attending visit 2 examination (2014-2017). Energy intake and glycemic load (GL) in each meal timing were assessed at baseline using two 24-hour dietary recalls. Incident diabetes was identified through annual follow-up calls or at visit 2. Hazard ratios (HRs) for incident diabetes were estimated using Cox models, accounting for complex survey design.

Results: The study population (50.9% female) had a baseline mean age of 39.0 (95% CI, 38.4-39.5) years. Over a median (range) follow-up of 5.8 (0.8-9.6) years, 1,262 incident diabetes cases were documented. Greater energy intake and GL in late morning (9:00-11:59 AM) were associated with lower diabetes risk, whereas greater energy intake and GL in other meal timings were not. After accounting for diet quantity and quality, sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and chronic conditions, the HRs were 0.94 (95% CI, 0.91¬-0.97) per 100-kcal energy intake increment and 0.93 (0.89-¬¬0.97) per 10-unit GL increment in late morning. Replacing energy intake or GL, from early morning (6:00-8:59 AM), afternoon (12:00-5:59 PM), or evening (6:00-11:59 PM) with late morning equivalents was associated with comparably lower diabetes risk.

Conclusions: This study identified late morning as a favorable meal timing in Hispanic/Latino adults, providing a novel perspective on type 2 diabetes prevention that warrants confirmation.
Perinatal outcomes associated with metformin use during pregnancy among women with pregestational type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: J. Yland Jennifer , F. Huybrechts Krista , K. Wesselink Amelia , Straub Loreen , Chiu Yu-Han , W. Seely Ellen , Patorno Elisabetta , T. Bateman Brian , Mogun Helen , A. Wise Lauren , Hernández-Díaz Sonia
Published: July 2024

Objective: We emulated a modified randomized trial (MiTy) to compare the perinatal outcomes among those continuing versus discontinuing metformin during pregnancy for women with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin plus insulin before pregnancy.

Research Design and Methods: This study used two healthcare claims databases (United States, 2000-2020). Pregnant women aged 18-45 years with type 2 diabetes who were treated with metformin plus insulin at conception were eligible. The primary outcome was a composite of preterm birth, birth injury, neonatal respiratory distress, neonatal hypoglycemia, or neonatal intensive care unit admission. Secondary outcomes included the components of the primary composite outcome, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, maternal hypoglycemia, cesarean delivery, large-for-gestational-age infants, small-for-gestational-age infants (SGA), sepsis, and hyperbilirubinemia. We adjusted for potential baseline confounders including demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and proxies for diabetes progression.

Results: Of 2,983 eligible patients, 72% discontinued use of metformin during pregnancy. The average age at conception was 32 years and the prevalence of several comorbidities was higher among continuers. The risk of the composite outcome was 46% for continuers and 48% for discontinuers. The adjusted risk ratio was 0.92 (95% CI: 0.81, 1.03). Risks were similar between treatments and consistent between databases for most secondary outcomes except for SGA, which was elevated among continuers only in the commercially insured population.

Conclusions: Our findings were consistent with those reported in the MiTy randomized trial. Continuing metformin during pregnancy was not associated with increased risk of a neonatal composite adverse outcome. However, a possible metformin-associated risk of SGA warrants further consideration.
Large-Scale Proteomics Improve Prediction of Chronic Kidney Disease in People with Diabetes
Authors: Ye Ziliang , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhang Yanjun , Yang Sisi , He Panpan , Liu Mengyi , Zhou Chun , Gan Xiaoqin , Huang Yu , Xiang Hao , Fan Hou Fan , Qin Xianhui
Published: July 2024

Objective

To develop and validate a protein risk score for predicting chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with diabetes and compare its predictive performance with a validated clinical risk model (CKD Prediction Consortium [CKD-PC]) and CKD polygenic risk score.

Research Design and Methods

This cohort study included 2,094 patients with diabetes who had proteomics and genetic information and no history of CKD at baseline from the UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project. Based on nearly 3000 plasma proteins, a CKD protein risk score including 11 proteins was constructed in the training set (including 1,047 participants; 117 CKD events).

Results

The median follow-up duration was 12.1 years. In the test set (including 1,047 participants; 112 CKD events), CKD protein risk score was positively associated with incident CKD (per SD increment, HR, 1.78; 95%CI: 1.44,2.20). Compared with the basic model (age+ sex+ race, C-index,0.627; 95%CI: 0.578,0.675), CKD protein risk score(C-index increase, 0.122, 95%CI: 0.071, 0.177) and CKD-PC risk factors(C-index increase, 0.175, 95%CI: 0.126, 0.217) significantly improved the prediction performance of incident CKD, but CKD polygenic risk score(C-index increase,0.007, 95%CI: -0.016,0.025) had no significant improvement. Adding CKD protein risk score into CKD-PC risk factors had the largest C-index of 0.825 (C-index from 0.802 to 0.825; difference, 0.023; 95%CI: 0.006,0.044), and significantly improved the continuous 10-year net reclassification (0.199; 95%CI: 0.059,0.299) and 10-year integrated discrimination index (0.041; 95%CI: 0.007,0.083).

Conclusions

Adding the CKD protein risk score to a validated clinical risk model significantly improved the discrimination and reclassification of CKD risk in patients with diabetes.
Mediumship and stylometry: Exploring a new way of attributing authorship to mediumistic writings
Authors: Weibel Adrian
Published: July 2024

Stylometry is still largely unexplored for applications in attributing authorship to mediumistic writings, as outlined in the subsequent literature review. Stylometry is a statistical method for analyzing authorship with a history to detect anonymous authors, e. g., J. K. Rowling as the real author of The Cuckoo’s Calling. Modern stylometry transcends literature analysis, applying to forensic inquiries, such as plagiarism detection, online security, and group identity characteristics. Historically, stylometric research unfolds in three phases: focusing on single numerical functions, statistical methods based on word frequencies, and contemporary use of machine learning. Authorship analysis includes three primary objectives: authorship attribution, verification, and characterization. It uses mathematical linguistics, information theory, and linguistic features like vocabulary richness, word frequency, and syntactic structures. Stylometric methods reliably detect authorship in imitation scenarios (pastiche) and have now also led to adversarial stylometry, which facilitates and identifies attempts at anonymization. Distribution patterns of features such as function words or punctuation can only be detected with high computing power and appear to contain too little content or emotion to be recognized by psi abilities of mediums. Imitation on a stylometric level has not yet been achieved by professional writers and does not appear to be one of the abilities of savants either, whose left hemisphere, including speech and language, is the least developed, which is why such genuine talent cannot be assumed in mediums either. Due to its undeniable successes, its quantitative and computational approach, and its potential to investigate a wide range of research questions, stylometry therefore appears to be a desirable auxiliary science for mediumship research.
Unreliability of the gas discharge visualization (GDV) device and the Bio-Well for biofield science: Kirlian photography revisited and investigated. Part II
Authors: Miraglia Federico E.
Published: July 2024

This is the second part of a research work to study the reliability of the Gas Discharge Visualization (GDV) device and the Bio-Well: These biofield machines, which are based on the Kirlian effect, were put to test in a Pranic Healing experiment. In the first part, the literature on Pranic Healing and Kirlian photography, as well as the functioning of the devices, were reviewed. In this second part, previous reliability studies on Kirlian photography devices are reported, explaining their negative results, and an original experiment is presented. The measurement variability and working of these technologies were investigated, evaluating their capacity to assess the energetic status of human beings and water. The experiment involved 40 participants: 20 Pranic healers and 20 non-healers. Healers performed a treatment on water, while non-healers simulated it; both groups were measured repeatedly before and after their real or sham performance; their water was measured as well and compared with controls. In the analysis, it was evaluated whether these Kirlian photography devices could return accurate, repeatable, and consistent information about the participants’ and water energy fields, allowing to detect potential subtle energy changes in the healer group compared to the non-healer one. The GDV-device and Bio-Well parameters showed large measurement variability and/or poor informative value, resulting inconsistent at detecting possible subtle energy variations in human beings and water. The findings of this research indicate that the GDV device and the Bio-Well may not be reliable tools for biofield science, and suggest that the literature related to these technologies should be revised and questioned.
Control de gestión social para dirigir los resultados socioeconómicos: El caso de los hospitales públicos marroquíes en zonas rurales
Authors: Lahlimi Youssef-Karim ,   Université Cadi Ayyad, NPG, Maroc, Messaoudi Abderrahman ,   Université Cadi Ayyad, NPG, Maroc
Published: July 2024

Public hospitals in rural areas of Morocco present, in their daily organization, a series of significant dysfunctions. These establishments accumulate imperfections that obstruct their hospital performance, directly impacting the quality of care offered to patients. It is from this perspective that we will refer to the literature to address both the concepts of socio-economic management and dysfunctions, as well as socio-economic performance. By exploring these domains, we will seek to understand how interactions between organizational structures and individual behaviors can generate inefficiencies and hidden costs, thus hindering the overall performance of hospitals. The aim of this study is to propose some recommendations that can mitigate the consequences arising from these dysfunctions. By adopting an approach based on practical solutions adapted to the realities on the ground, we seek to improve operational efficiency and strengthen the quality of care provided in rural hospitals. Our recommendations will include strategies aimed at optimizing internal coordination and communication, modernizing equipment and infrastructure, developing continuous training programs, and promoting an organizational culture that fosters innovation and continuous improvement.
Cooperação em segurança e defesa cibernética e a proteção das democracias sul-americanas
Authors: Grassi Jéssica Maria , Jacon Ayres Pinto Danielle , de Conti Pagliari Graciela
Published: July 2024

The last decade has shown the global society, especially South American society, the great challenges that democracies will face in the 21st century. Among the various threats observed in cyberspace are the so-called disinformation campaigns and hybrid interference. As a result, this new digital means of information socialization has caused serious damage to the democratic pillars of states, as disinformation and false information have become a feature of political debate. Based on this, the article seeks to analyze how South American countries are building cooperation in cybersecurity and cyber defense between 2012 and 2020, and what the implications are for the protection of democracy and the rule of law. It is argued that, due to the transnational dynamics of the digital world and the wide reach of its actions and consequences, the search for a solution to these demands goes through a process of deepening state cooperation, in which the foreign policy strategies of states are fundamental for building an effective response to this type of threat to democracy at the international level. From this perspective, we understand the interdependence between States in this sphere and adopt a cooperative conception to reflect on the obstacles South American countries face.
Proteção de dados: experiência internacional e o caso brasileiro – relação com a segurança da informação e a governança cibernética
Authors: Maia Arruda Constança Maria , Linhares Lima Pedro Arthur
Published: July 2024

This article presents an analysis of the main aspects related to privacy in the digital environment and the regulations that deal with the subject and its evolution, highlighting the issue of data protection both in Brazil and in other countries and blocs. In relation to the General Data Protection Law in Brazil, a detailed study has been carried out on the evolution of the issue in the country and the repercussions that the law has caused, especially in relation to the need to expand information security and cyber governance. Also reviewed are events that occurred, such as the episode of Edward Snowden’s accusations, which, together with the advent of the General Data Protection Law, led to the need to expand the Brazilian regulation that deals with cybersecurity, thus bringing the aspects that led to the elaboration and publication of a National Cybersecurity Policy in Brazil. Aspects related to surveys and audits carried out by the Federal Audit Court, the country’s external control body, are also covered, with the aim of evaluating the actions and risks related to the protection of personal data, in terms of government actions, which raises the need to issue new regulations and, once they are in force, to know data on their implementation.
Defesa cibernética na guerra russo-ucraniana: um mapeamento dos ataques cibernéticos às infraestruturas críticas da Ucrânia
Authors: Felipe David de Oliveira Thays , Lira Brito Renato Victor , de Souza Lippo Priscylla Cristina
Published: July 2024

What cyberattacks did Ukraine’s critical infrastructure experience between February 2022 and February 2023 during the Russo-Ukrainian war? In recent months, Ukraine has experienced a significant increase in cyberattacks on its critical infrastructure. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the cyberattacks suffered by Ukraine’s critical infrastructure within the selected cutout. A mixed method research approach was used, operationalized through descriptive statistics, documentary analysis, and a systematic literature review. Based on the analyzed data from the CyberPeace Institute, the sector most affected was public administration (66), with the Disruption attack category being the most utilized (139). The types of cyberattacks were also evaluated, with the DDoS type being the most common (135). The collective (124), especially the People’s CyberArmy (48), was the most common in the actor category. In conclusion, we can say that attacks on critical infrastructure are a matter of national defense, which requires a revision of legislation on this issue and ensuring that the responsible bodies are prepared for future challenges.
Marco zero: as origens da guerra cibernética orquestrada pelos Estados Unidos para atingir a República Islâmica do Irã (2007-2010)
Authors: H. Casalunga Fernando , Munhoz Svartman Eduardo , Cardoso Reis Bruno
Published: July 2024

In this article, we conduct a single-case study of the conflict between the United States and the Islamic Republic of Iran (2007–10), from the perspective of the strategic returns obtained through the use of information technology to achieve criticism of infrastructure sectors. Our analysis highlights the conditions that allowed the North Americans to expand their power projection capabilities over their adversary, significant factors in explaining the origin and impact of cyber warfare today. By collecting evidence that reveals the functioning of the operational mechanism orchestrated by state and non-state actors to contain the Iranian nuclear program, we verify how cyberspace has become a key domain for achieving national strategic objectives. From this perspective, based on primary and secondary sources, we use qualitative analysis techniques to answer the following question: how did the United States use cyberspace to target the Iranian nuclear program?
La formación del arquitecto nicolaíta en los primeros años del siglo XXI
Authors: Aguilar Hernández Elsa Anaid , Ramírez Herrejón Nora Janette
Published: July 2024

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar los resultados obtenidos mediante el análisis de frecuencias de variables con el fin de determinar el comportamiento en el mercado laboral de egresados de la carrera de Arquitectura de la Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. En tal sentido, se destacan las fortalezas y la versatilidad de los planes de estudios anteriores al actual, así como del plan vigente en la facultad con el propósito de actualizar los contenidos para asegurar la pertinencia de nuestros egresados en un mercado laboral en constante evolución. Los interrogantes fundamentales para este estudio incluyen la pertinencia del programa educativo, la transformación de la profesión y la competencia en el contexto contemporáneo, así como las expectativas y la capacidad de los egresados para integrarse en el mercado laboral. La metodología empleada se sustentó en el enfoque exploratorio, pues se efectuó el análisis de la información proveniente de encuestas realizadas en la facultad y en la propia institución. En las conclusiones se reflexiona sobre la relevancia de estos hallazgos y se ofrece un panorama de las preferencias laborales de los egresados y su posible impacto en la adaptación de los programas académicos a las demandas del mercado laboral.