bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amygdala EphB2 Signaling Regulates Glutamatergic Neuron Maturation and Innate Fear
Authors: Zhu Xiao-Na , Liu Xian-Dong , Zhuang Hanyi , Henkemeyer Mark , Yang Jing-Yu , Xu Nan-Jie
Published: September 2016

The amygdala serves as emotional center to mediate innate fear behaviors that are reflected through neuronal responses to environmental aversive cues. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the initial neuron responses is poorly understood. In this study, we monitored the innate defensive responses to aversive stimuli of either elevated plus maze or predator odor in juvenile mice and found that glutamatergic neurons were activated in amygdala. Loss of EphB2, a receptor tyrosine kinase expressed in amygdala neurons, suppressed the reactions and led to defects in spine morphogenesis and fear behaviors. We further found a coupling of spinogenesis with these threat cues induced neuron activation in developing amygdala that was controlled by EphB2. A constitutively active form of EphB2 was sufficient to rescue the behavioral and morphological defects caused by ablation of ephrin-B3, a brain-enriched ligand to EphB2. These data suggest that kinase-dependent EphB2 intracellular signaling plays a major role for innate fear responses during the critical developing period, in which spinogenesis in amygdala glutamatergic neurons was involved.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTGeneration of innate fear responses to threat as an evolutionally conserved brain feature relies on development of functional neural circuit in amygdala, but the molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. We here identify that EphB2 receptor tyrosine kinase, which is specifically expressed in glutamatergic neurons, is required for the innate fear responses in the neonatal brain. We further reveal that EphB2 mediates coordination of spinogenesis and neuron activation in amygdala during the critical period for the innate fear. EphB2 catalytic activity plays a major role for the behavior upon EphB–ephrin-B3 binding and transnucleus neuronal connections. Our work thus indicates an essential synaptic molecular signaling within amygdala that controls synapse development and helps bring about innate fear emotions in the postnatal developing brain.
A Critical Period in Purkinje Cell Development Is Mediated by Local Estradiol Synthesis, Disrupted by Inflammation, and Has Enduring Consequences Only for Males
Authors: Hoffman Jessica F. , Wright Christopher L. , McCarthy Margaret M.
Published: September 2016

Identifying and understanding critical periods in brain development is essential to decoding the long-term impact of widespread, poorly defined, and frequently occurring insults such as inflammation. Using the laboratory ratRattus norvegicus, we have discovered a narrowly constrained critical period in Purkinje neuron development subject to dysregulation by inflammation. The onset and offset of heightened vulnerability are attributed to a tightly orchestrated gene expression profile present only during the second postnatal week and not the first or third weeks. Genes expressed during this time code for enzymes and receptors which are critical not only for prostaglandin production and activity but also for estradiol production via the aromatase enzyme and estradiol action via the α isoform of the estrogen receptor. The two synthetic pathways are connected by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) activation of the aromatase enzyme, as we reported previously (Dean et al., 2012b) and confirm here. Dysregulation of the PGE2–estradiol pathway during the second week by treatment with PGE2 or lipopolysaccharides produces enduring consequences as a result of reduced growth of Purkinje dendritic trees and impaired juvenile social play behavior, but only in males. The deleterious consequences of inflammation locally in the cerebellum are prevented by peripheral treatment with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor nimesulide or the aromatase inhibitor formestane. These findings highlight a novel regulatory pathway that creates a critical period in brain development vulnerable to dysregulation by inflammation.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe cerebellum is increasingly appreciated for its role in social, emotional, and cognitive behaviors. It is consistently and severely affected in neuropsychiatric disorders originating during development, such as autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. We have identified a critical period in rat development during the second week of life that is dysregulated by inflammatory insults. An intrinsic program of gene expression determines the critical period. The enduring consequences of inflammation during the second postnatal week are stunted dendrites of the cerebellum's principal neurons, Purkinje cells, and impairments in later social behavior. These changes are not evident if inflammation occurs during the first or third week, highlighting the importance of fine-grained analyses of developmental processes and the factors that influence them.
Dissociable Changes of Frontal and Parietal Cortices in Inherent Functional Flexibility across the Human Life Span
Authors: Yin Dazhi , Liu Wenjing , Zeljic Kristina , Wang Zhiwei , Lv Qian , Fan Mingxia , Cheng Wenhong , Wang Zheng
Published: September 2016

Extensive evidence suggests that frontoparietal regions can dynamically update their pattern of functional connectivity, supporting cognitive control and adaptive implementation of task demands. However, it is largely unknown whether this flexibly functional reconfiguration is intrinsic and occurs even in the absence of overt tasks. Based on recent advances in dynamics of resting-state functional resonance imaging (fMRI), we propose a probabilistic framework in which dynamic reconfiguration of intrinsic functional connectivity between each brain region and others can be represented as a probability distribution. A complexity measurement (i.e., entropy) was used to quantify functional flexibility, which characterizes heterogeneous connectivity between a particular region and others over time. Following this framework, we identified both functionally flexible and specialized regions over the human life span (112 healthy subjects from 13 to 76 years old). Across brainwide regions, we found regions showing high flexibility mainly in the higher-order association cortex, such as the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC), lateral parietal cortex, and lateral temporal lobules. In contrast, visual, auditory, and sensory areas exhibited low flexibility. Furthermore, we observed that flexibility of the right LPFC improved during maturation and reduced due to normal aging, with the opposite occurring for the left lateral parietal cortex. Our findings reveal dissociable changes of frontal and parietal cortices over the life span in terms of inherent functional flexibility. This study not only provides a new framework to quantify the spatiotemporal behavior of spontaneous brain activity, but also sheds light on the organizational principle behind changes in brain function across the human life span.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRecent neuroscientific research has demonstrated that the human capability of adaptive task control is primarily the result of the flexible operation of frontal brain networks. However, it remains unclear whether this flexibly functional reconfiguration is intrinsic and occurs in the absence of an overt task. In this study, we propose a probabilistic framework to quantify the functional flexibility of each brain region using resting-state fMRI. We identify regions showing high flexibility mainly in the higher-order association cortex. In contrast, primary and unimodal visual and sensory areas show low flexibility. On the other hand, our findings reveal dissociable changes of frontal and parietal cortices in terms of inherent functional flexibility over the life span.
VIDURIO IR RYTŲ EUROPOS GEROVĖS REŽIMŲ ORIENTACIJA Į AMŽIŲ: LENKIJOS IR VENGRIJOS ATVEJŲ LYGINAMOJI ANALIZĖ
Authors: Mackevičiūtė Raimonda
Published: September 2016

Straipsnyje nagrinėjamos Vidurio ir Rytų Europos gerovės režimų orientacijos į amžių skirtumų priežastys. Ieškoma atsakymo į klausimą, ko­dėl vienų Vidurio ir Rytų Europos (VRE) valstybių socialinė politika yra palankesnė vyresnio amžiaus piliečiams, o kitų – jaunesniems. Gerovės re­žimo orientacija į amžių nustatoma apskaičiuojant vyresniems / jaunesniems piliečiams skiriamų socialinių išlaidų santykį (VJIS indeksą). Pagrindiniais analizės objektais pasirinktos dvi VRE valstybės, kurios gerovės režimų tyri­muose įprastai apibrėžiamos kaip tuo požiūriu panašios, tačiau jų orientacija į amžių labai skiriasi. Tai Vengrija, kurios gerovės režimas orientuotas į jau­nesnius, ir Lenkija, itin didelę savo socialinių išlaidų dalį skirianti pensinin­kų gerovei užtikrinti. Atliekant sisteminę šių valstybių orientacijos į amžių kaitos procesų analizę, išryškėja, kad dabartinė Vengrijos ir Lenkijos gerovės režimų orientacija į amžių yra nulemta dviejų istorinių kritinių lūžių, įvyku­sių septintu–aštuntu dešimtmečiais ir pokomunistinio laikotarpio pradžioje. Remiantis istorinio institucionalizmo koncepcija, identifikuojami procesai, kaip dvi institucijos – socialinės sistemos fragmentacijos laipsnis ir partinės konkurencijos pobūdis – bei jų sąveika bėgant laikui lėmė Vengrijos ir Len­kijos gerovės režimų orientacijos į amžių skirtumų atsiradimą.
Nebūties būtinybė. Apie Platono Sofistą
Authors: Chiurazzi Gaetano
Published: September 2016

Straipsnyje teigiama, kad esama santykio tarp būties kaip dynamis pibrėžimo Platono Sofiste ir jo amžininkų diskusijos apie nebendramačius dydžius. Tai įrodoma aiškinant, jog kai kurie Platono argumentai, pasitelkiami teigiant kiekybinio būties apibrėžimo (vienis, daugis) nepagrįstumą, grąžina persvarstyti lyginių ir nelyginių skaičių skaidymo įrodymą, kuriuo pademonstruojamas kvadrato įstrižainės iracionalumas. Tuo remiantis, straipsnyje siekiama parodyti, jog būties kaip dynamis apibrėžimas yra būtinas siekiant „išsaugoti skirtumus“, t. y. neleisti, kad vienetas būtų lygus dvejetui, o taip atsitinka, pasak Platono, monistinės ir pliuralistinės mokyklų teorijose. Ši loginė ir ontologinė griūtis yra ir įstrižainės iracionalumo neigimo pasekmė. Tokiu atveju dynamis (šiuo vardu Teaitetas vadino iracionaliuosius skaičius), kaip vidurinis terminas tarp būties ir nebūties, tai yra kaip modalinis neigimas (skirtumas), yra reikalingas siekiant išlaikyti pačią bet kokio kito skirtumo galimybę.
Nihilizmas ir naũjosios įsivaizduojamybės formos modernybės pabaigoje
Authors: Vercellone Federico
Published: September 2016

Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas (at)vaizdų įsiveržimas į mūsų pasaulį, sukėlęs estetinės patirties revoliuciją. (At)vaizdai jau nebelaikomi priklausančiais visatai, skirtingai nei realus pasaulis, aiškiai „suspenduotai“ kaip opozicija realybei. Jie gali net įtraukti mediją. Būtent medija paverčia (at)vaizdą atpažįstamu. Ji padaro jį suvokiamą kaip (at)vaizdą ir leidžia mums nesupainioti jo su realybe. Tačiau ši užtvara buvo griaunama, ne tik šiandien, bet labai dažnai (at)vaizdo istorijoje, pradedant Zeuksidu ir Parazijumi, o baigiant XVIII a. fantasmagorija ir 3D šiandien. Būtent šia užtvara naudodamiesi nuo XVIII a. iki šių dienų apibrėžiame nihilizmą. Žinoma, visa tai sukuria teorinių ir etinių problemų. Mat dabar, skaitmeninių medijų atveju, susiduriame su tokia medija, su kuria sueiname į mainų santykį, su medija, kurioje esame. Autoriaus teigimu, ją galėtume apibūdinti kaip „gyvą“ mediją, taip sugriaudami tradiciškai XX a. filosofijoje įsitvirtinusį technikos / subjektyvybės santykį, kai technika dominuoja žmonijos atžvilgiu, o ne atvirkščiai. Be to, tai naratyvi medija. Ji veikia tik interaktyviame mainų santykyje ir dialoge su ja besinaudojančiu subjektu. Šis santykis labai reikšmingas, kai susiduriame su (at)vaizdais: pavyzdžiui, kai turime reikalą su pasakojimu, skirtis tarp žodinės ir vaizdinės komunikacijos tampa taki. Šis interaktyvus santykis su (at)vaizdu išryškina jo performatyvų virtualumą ir primygtinai reikalauja plėtoti (at)vaizdų ir naujųjų technologijų etiką. Remdamiesi šiuo „gyvu“ santykiu su (at)vaizdu, galime tvirtinti, kad šiandieną turime reikalą su „sekuliaria“ mitologija, mitologija be dievų. Kitaip sakant, „pasaulio vėl užkerėjimo“ problematika.
Išreiškiantis mąstymas ir apreiškiantis mąstymas
Authors: Pareyson Luigi
Published: September 2016

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Types of gambling and levels of harm: A UK study to assess severity of presentation in a treatment-seeking population
Authors: Ronzitti Silvia , Soldini Emiliano , Lutri Vittorio , Smith Neil , Clerici Massimo , Bowden-Jones Henrietta
Published: September 2016

Background and aim

Previous international research emphasized that some forms of gambling are more “addictive” than others. More recently, research has shown that we should shift our attention from the type of gambling activity to the level of involvement in a number of different gambling activities. The aim of our study was to verify whether a higher Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) score was associated with particular gambling activities and evaluate the impact of involvement on gambling behavior.

Methods

A total of 736 treatment-seeking individuals with gambling disorder were assessed at the National Problem Gambling Clinic in London. First, the independent two-sample t-test and the Mann–Whitney test were used to verify if the PGSI score changed significantly according to the gambling activity at a bivariate level. Second, we conducted a cluster analysis and finally, we fitted a linear regression model in order to verify if some variables are useful to predict gambling addiction severity.

Results

The PGSI score was significantly higher for lower stakes gaming machine gamblers (1% significance level) and for fixed-odds betting terminal (FOBT) gamblers (5% significance level) at a bivariate level. Moreover, such finding was confirmed by cluster and linear regression analyses.

Conclusions

The results of this study indicated that gambling addiction severity was related to gambling involvement and, for a given level of gambling involvement, gambling addiction severity may vary according to gambling type, with a particularly significant increase for FOBT and gaming machine gambling.
Response to Cognitive impulsivity and the behavioral addiction model of obsessive–compulsive disorder: Abramovitch and McKay (2016)
Authors: Grassi Giacomo , Figee Martjin , Stratta Paolo , Rossi Alessandro , Pallanti Stefano
Published: September 2016

In our recently published article, we investigated the behavioral addiction model of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), by assessing three core dimensions of addiction in patients with OCD healthy participants. Similar to the common findings in addiction, OCD patients demonstrated increased impulsivity, risky decision-making, and biased probabilistic reasoning compared to healthy controls. Thus, we concluded that these results support the conceptualization of OCD as a disorder of behavioral addiction. Here, we answer to Abramovitch and McKay (2016) commentary on our paper and we support our conclusions by explaining how cognitive impulsivity is also a typical feature of addiction and how our results on decision-making and probabilistic reasoning tasks reflect cognitive impulsivity facets that are consistently replicated in OCD and addiction.
GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION AMONG POPULATIONS OF Chromobotia macracanthus BLEEKER FROM SUMATRA AND KALIMANTAN BASED ON SEQUENCING GENE OF MTDNA CYTOCHROME B AND NUCLEUS DNA RAG2
Authors: Sudarto Sudarto , Hidonis Kafi , Paradis Emmanuel
Published: October 2016

Research on genetic differentiation among populations of Chromobotia macracanthus Bleeker from Sumatra, based on sequencing gene of mtDNA Cytochrome b and nucleus DNA RAG2 has been done. The objectives of the study were to obtain the representation of genetic differentiation among population of clown loach fishes or botia (Chromobotia macracanthus) from Sumatra and Kalimantan and to estimate the time divergence of both population group of botia. Samples of botia population were taken from 3 rivers in Sumatra namely Batanghari, Musi, and Tulang Bawang and one river from Kalimantan namely Kapuas. The genetic analysis was based on the sequencing of mtDNA Cytochrome b and nucleus DNA RAG2. The statistical analysis was done by using APE package on R language. The parameters observed were: nucleotide diversity, genetic distance, and neighbor-joining tree. The result showed that the highest nucleotide diversity was fish population of Musi, while the other two populations, Tulang Bawang (Sumatra) and Kapuas (Kalimantan), were considered as the lowest genetic diversity especially based on nucleus DNA RAG2 sequencing. Based on mtDNA Cytochrome-b sequencing, the most distinct population among those populations based on genetic distance were fish populations of Musi and Kapuas. According to the result of neighbor-joining tree analysis, the populations of botia were classified into two groups namely group of Sumatra and group of Kalimantan. The estimation of time divergence among group of population of Sumatra and Kalimantan based on mtDNA Cytochrome b was about 9.25—9.46 million years (Miocene era). The high genetic differences between groups of Sumatra and Kalimantan suggested that the effort of restocking botia from Sumatra into Kalimantan has to be done carefully, because it may disturb the gene originality of both botia populations.
UTILITY OF FISHERY HIGH SCHOOL DATA IN EXAMINING SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL CATCH AND EFFORT TRENDS IN THE INDONESIAN LONGLINE TUNA FISHERY
Authors: Sadiyah Lilis , Dowling Natalie , Prisantoso Budi Iskandar , Andamari Retno , Proctor Craig
Published: September 2016

One of the endeavours to address the shortage of catch per unit effort (CPUE) information from the Indonesian Indian Ocean tuna fishery is the collation of a large amount of catch and effort data collected by Indonesian Fisheries High School students (“FHS data”). This paper attempts to investigate spatial-temporal patterns of catch and effort of the FHS data for the main tuna species caught by the fishery: bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus - BET), yellowfin tuna (T. albacares - YFT), albacore (T. alalunga - ALB) and southern bluefin tuna (T.maccoyii - SBT). Reported sets occurred in the Eastern Indian Ocean, north and south of 20°S. Recorded effort from the FHS data set was concentrated within the only known SBT spawning ground. However, within this data set, SBT were recorded in the lowest catch proportion relative to BET, YFT and ALB. The catch composition data suggested that YFT and ALB were predominantly targeted by the fishery, with ALB and SBT most predominantly recorded south of 20°S, whereas BET and YFT were mostly recorded north of 20°S. Unfortunately, there was no strong information on targeting practices reported by this data set, limiting any attempts to understand the factors that influenced those results. As the sampling predominantly occurred in between July and December, the data are not representative of fishing activities throughout the entire year, and any seasonal patterns from the FHS data set are biased. In addition, the FHS data set is prone to observation error and uncertainty in terms of fish identification and fishing location. Therefore, the FHS data set needs to be interpreted with caution.
KOMPARASI HASIL TANGKAPAN NELAYAN TRADISIONAL WILAYAH PESISIR PANTAI BARAT KABUPATEN BARRU
Authors: Rahim Abd.
Published: September 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap hasiltangkapan ikan oleh nelayan tradisional berdasarkan perbedaan wilayah penangkapan ikan. Metodeanalisis regresi berganda digunakan dalam penelitian ini.Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa hasiltangkapan nelayan perahu motor tempel tertinggi terdapat di Kecamatan Balusu dan terendah diKecamtan Soppeng Riaja pada Wilayah Pesisir Pantai Barat Kabupaten Barru. Hasil tangkapannelayan perahu tanpa motor tertinggi terdapat di Kecamatan Tanete Rilau dan terendah di KecamatanSoppeng Riaja. Variabel lama melaut, kekuatan mesin tempel, dummy perbedaan wilayah KecamatanSoppeng Riaja berpengaruh positif serta variabel volume bensin, pendidikan formal, dan tanggungankeluarga berpengaruh negatif berpengaruh terhadap perubahan (naik/turun) produksi hasil tangkapannelayan perahu motor tempel, sedangkan volume minyak tanah, jumlah alat tangkap, umur nelayan,dummy Kecamatan Tanete Rilau dan Kecamatan Barru tidak berpengaruh nyata.Lain halnya produksihasil tangkapan nelayan perahu tanpa motor, ditemukan bahwa jumlah tanggungan keluarga dummyKecamatan Tanete Rilau dan Kecamatan Barru berpengaruh positif serta lama melaut dan umur nelayanberpengaruh negatif terhadap perubahan produksi hasil tangkapan nelayan perahu tanpa motor,sedangkan yang tidak berpengaruh nyata adalah jumlah alat tangkap, pengalaman melaut, pendidikanformal, dummy Kecamatan Soppeng Riaja dan Kecamatan Balusu.Title: Fish Production Comparison of Traditional Fishers in WestCoast of Barru RegencyThis study aimed to analyze factors that affect fish caught by traditional fisher based on fishingregion. Multiple regression analysis method was used in this study. Results found that the highestnumber of fish production caught by outboard fishers was in the Balusu District and lowest production inSoppeng Riaja DIstrict on the West Coast of Barru District. Fish production of fishers with boat withouta motor was highest in the Tanete Rilau District and the lowest in the Soppeng Riaja District. Variable offishing day and outboard engines power, the difference fishing ground dummy of Soppeng Riaja Districtshowed positive effect. Variable of gasoline volume, formal education, and number of family negativelyeffect to fish production change (up/down) of outboard fishers. While the volume of kerosene, numberof fishing gear, fishers ages, dummy of Tanete Rilau and Barru District showed there were no significanteffect. In contrast to fish production of fishers with boat without a motor, it was found that the numberof family dependents give a positive effect, this condition based on dummy of Tanete and Barru RilauDistrict. Fishing day and fishers age negatively affected to change of fish production of fishers with a boatwithout a motor, whereas no significant effect was the number of fishing gear, fishing experience, formaleducation,it shown on dummy of Soppeng Riaja and Balusu District.
RANCANG BANGUN KEBIJAKAN PENGEMBANGN BUDIDAYA LELE MELALUI PENDEKATAN MODEL DINAMIK
Authors: Wardono Budi , Utomo Prayudi Budi
Published: September 2016

Lele merupakan salah satu komoditas perikanan ekonomis penting yang mendapat prioritasdalam Program Minapolitan Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan, terutama di Kabupaten Gunungkidul.Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tahun 2011 yang berlokasi di Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta.Tujuan penelitian adalah menyusun model kebijakan pengembangan perikanan budidaya Ikan Leleuntukmendukung produksi perikanan budidaya melalui pendekatan model dinamik. Teknik analisisini berasumsi bahwa apabila sistem perikanan dipertahankan, permintaan Ikan Lele akan mengalamikenaikan. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa permintaan meningkat dan puncaknya terjadi pada tahunke 4. Sementara itu, pasokan dari luar daerah terus meningkat pada tahun ke 4 hingga ke 10. Fluktuasiharga terjadi, tahun ke 3 hHarga lele mengalami penurunan akibat banyaknya produksi lokal terjadi padatahun ke-3., namun pPada tahun ke 5 harga mengalami kenaikan akibat kekurangan pasokan. Olehkarena itu, diperlukan kebijakan peningkatan produktivitas dan pendapatan usaha budidaya lele denganmemanfaatkan lahan-lahan potensial maupun meningkatan produktifitas usaha.Title: Constructive Design for Catfish Aquaculture DevelopmentPolicy Through Dynamic Model ApproachCatfish is one of the priority product of fisheries commodity in “Minapolitan” Program introducedby the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, particularly in Gunungkidul District, Yogyakarta Province.The study was conducted during 2011 to 2012. .This study aimed to construct the policy model for Catfishaquaculture development to support aquaculture production by using dynamic modelling approache.Technique analysis assumed that Catfish demand will increase when existing fisheries system could bemaintained. Finding shows that the demand sharply increased on the fourth year of project. Meanwhile,Catfish supply from other region would be increase on the fourth year and tenth year. Catfish price hasdecreased on the third year due to over supply of local production. However, Catfish price increasedon the fifth year due to less supply of the local product. Therefore, appropriate strategies needed toencourage increased productivity and farmers income by revitalize the potential land and increasebusiness productivity.
SISTEM PEREKRUTAN PEKERJA DAN HUBUNGAN KERJA PADA USAHA PERIKANAN TUNA
Authors: Wijaya Rizki Aprilian , Firdaus Maulana
Published: September 2016

Ketersediaan tenaga kerja perikanan yang semakin langka, dan timpangnya sistem bagi hasil merupakan salah satu isu strategis dalam memetakan permasalahan tenaga kerja pada usaha perikanan tuna. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sistem perekrutan pekerja dan ketersediaan tenaga kerja serta menganalisis hubungan kerja antara pemilik kapal dan tenaga kerjanya pada usaha perikanan tuna di Kota Bitung. Penelitian dilakukan melalui pendekatan kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam (In-depth Interviews) kepada 30 orang informan dengan status sebagai pemilik kapal, nahkoda dan anak buah kapal (ABK). Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil kajian menunjukan bahwa sistem perekrutan tenaga kerja terjadi melalui jalur informal. Ketersediaan tenaga kerja ABK lebih mudah dicari dibandingkan dengan tenaga kerja nahkoda. Hubungan kerja antara pemilik kapal dan pekerjanya merupakan sebuah hubungan kerjasama dalam mencapai tujuan keberlanjutan usaha perikanan. Hambatan untuk peningkatan usaha terdapat pada proses penjualan ikan. Peningkatan posisi tawar pelaku usaha dapat dijadikan sebagai jalan keluar pemecahan masalah.Title: Worker Recruitment System and Working - Relationship on Tuna Fisheries The more scarce labor availability and disparity of sharing system was one of the strategies issues problem in tuna fisheries business. This paper aimed to analyzing the system of recruitment and labor supply, as well as analyzing the working relationship between the owners and workers at the business of tuna fisheries in Bitung City. The study was conducted using a survey method through a qualitative approach.  Data  collected  through  in-depth  interviews   to  30  informants  with  status  as  ship  owners, captains and crew (ABK). Data analyzed used descriptive qualitative. Result showed that the system of labor recruitment occurs through informal channels. The crew labor availability relatively easy compared to the captain labor. The working relationships between ship owners and workers is a relationship of cooperation in achieving sustainable fisheries.Barriers to business improve are in the process of selling fish. Increase the bargaining position of fisher could be used as a way out to solving problems.
EVALUASI AWIK-AWIK PENGELOLAAN SUMBER DAYA PERIKANAN PANTAI LOMBOK TIMUR
Authors: Ayunda Nisa , Anna Zuzy
Published: September 2016

Sumber daya perikanan sebagai sumber daya alam yang memiliki sifat common-pool resources(CPR), yakni suatu pihak sangat sulit mencegah pihak lain untuk tidak masuk ke suatu wilayah perairan(low exclusion) dan adanya persaingan yang tinggi dalam memanfaatkan sumber daya alam yang sama(high substractability), sehingga pemanfaatannya cenderung secara open access yang mengakibatkanpenurunan produksi. Beberapa model pengelolaan dikembangkan untuk mengatur kegiatan pemanfaatansumber daya perikanan sehingga berkelanjutan baik secara ekonomi dan ekologi, salah satunya melaluipenguatan kelembagaan lokal seperti awik-awik di Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Penelitian ini bertujuanuntuk mengevaluasi awik-awik pengelolaan sumber daya perikanan pantai di Lombok Timur. Evaluasipada penelitian ini dilakukan melalui analisis aktor, dan analisis peraturan yang disepakati. Hasil analisismenunjukkan bahwa awik-awik pengelolaan sumber daya perikanan pantai di Lombok Timur belumberjalan dengan efektif, yang ditandai dengan pemahaman kondisi sumber daya perikanan dan awikawikmasih kurang, dan peran serta dalam melaksanakan tugas dan kewenangan dari aktor yang terlibatdalam awik-awik; dan peraturan yang disepakati dalam awik-awik masih lemah dalam mengelola sumberdaya perikanan.Title: Evaluation of Awik-Awik Fishery Management ResourcesEast Coast LombokFisheries as a common-pool resources (CPR) has characteristic low exclusion (a party difficult toban others to enter a fishing ground) and high substractability (If a fisherman catch one ton of fish, so thisfish is not available for another fisherman). So, fisheries used is under open access threat, and its impactin decline fish production every year. Many management are developed to govern the fisheries used, soit could be bring benefit ecologically and economically, such as developing the local institution to managethe coastal area, for example awik-awik in East Lombok. The purpose of this research is to evaluateawik-awik in managing coastal resources in East Lombok. This research analyzed actors and rule in usein awik-awik. The result showed awik-awik was still not efficient to manage the coastal resources in EastLombok. The understanding of coastal resources and awik-awik from the actors were still low; supportfrom the actors were lower year by year; and rule in used in awik-awik were still weak in managing thecoastal resources in East Lombok.
ADOPSI TEKNOLOGI BUDIDAYA UDANG SECARA INTENSIF DI KOLAM TAMBAK
Authors: Nasution Zahri , Yanti Bayu Vita Indah
Published: September 2016

Tulisan ini merupakan hasil penelitian terkait gambaran penerimaan teknologi yang diterapkan pada demfarm oleh pengguna dilihat dari tingkat adopsi teknologi yang diintroduksi oleh kelompok penerima program demfarm. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan analisis kebijakan. Teknologi yang dievaluasi adalah teknologi yang diperkenalkan pada demfarm budidaya udang di kolam tambak secara intensif. Verifikasi lapang ke lokasi percontohan di wilayah Kabupaten Karawang, Jawa Barat dilakukan pada bulan Mei 2014. Analisis dan interpretasi data dilakukan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa petambak penerima program dapat mengadopsi sebesar 92% darikeseluruhan teknologi yang dianjurkan pada usaha budidaya udang secara intensif. Teknologi yang diterapkan pada demfarm ini belum diadopsi oleh petambak di sekitarnya, sehingga belum terjadi difusi teknologi budidaya udang vaname yang dilaksanakan melalui demfarm. Alasan utama yang dikemukakan oleh para petambak disekitar area demfarm adalah keterbatasan modal dan pembiayaan usaha untuk pelaksanaan operasional budidaya udang vaname di kolam tambak yang mereka miliki, mengingat berdasarkan hasil penghitungan untuk biaya pembukaan tambak udang yang ada di sekitar lokasi demfarm cukup mahal yaitu mencapai Rp.750 juta per hektar.Title: Adoption Rate of Tiger Prawn Cultured on Brackiswater Fish PondThis paper is an overview of the research results related to the extent of acceptance of the technology applied to demfarm by the user, in terms of the rate of adoption of technology is being introduced by the receiver group demfarm program. The study was conducted using a policy analysisapproach. Technology being evaluated is a technology that was introduced in demfarm shrimp farming in an intensive pond. Field verification to the pilot sites in Karawang regency, West Java, conducted in May 2014. Analysis and interpretation of the data was done descriptively. The results showed that farmers can adopt a program recipient of 92% of the overall technology that is recommended in intensive shrimp farming. The technology applied to this demfarm not been adopted by farmers in the vicinity, so it has not happened shrimp farming technology diffusion vaname implemented through demfarm. The main reason put forward by the farmers around the area demfarm is limited capital and business financing for the operational implementation of shrimp culture ponds vaname at their disposal, given based on the results of the calculation for the cost of the opening of shrimp ponds in the vicinity of demfarm quite expensive, reaching Rp. 750 million per hectare.
EFEKTIVITAS LAMA PERENDAMAN BAKTERIN Vibrio harveyi TERHADAP SINTASAN DAN PERTUMBUHAN UDANG WINDU (Penaeus monodon Fabr)
Authors: Tompo Arifuddin , Susianingsih Endang , Risal Muhammad
Published: October 2016

Penyakit pada budidaya udang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan produksi bahkan kematian pada usaha budidaya tersebut. Alternatif pencegahan yang saat ini banyak dilakukan adalah melalui immunoprofilaksis yaitu meningkatkan kekebalan udang terhadap serangan penyakit dengan pemberian imunostimulan seperti vaksin bakterin maupun vaksin rekombinan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas lama perendaman bakterin terhadap sintasan dan pertumbuhan pada udang windu (Penaeus monodon Fabr). Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 5 perlakuan lama perendaman dan 4 ulangan yaitu A = kontrol (tanpa bakterin), B = Lama perendaman dengan bakterin 15 menit, C = 30 menit, D = 45 menit dan E = 60 menit dengan hewan uji benur PL-17 yang telah diperiksa bebas Vibrio dan WSSV dan padat penebaran 20 ekor/2 L air laut yang telah disterilkan. Bakterin yang digunakan dari Vibrio harveyi dengan dosis 0,2 mL/L. Uji tantang setelah pemberian bakterin dengan metode perendaman dilakukan menggunakan beberapa konsentrasi bakteri Vibrio harveyidengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan : A = penambahan bakteri 0.02 mL/L, B = penambahan bakterin 0,2 mL/L, C = penambahan bakterin 2,0 mL/L dan D = kontrol (tanpa penambahan bakteri). Peubah yang diamati adalah sintasan udang uji pada akhir penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lama waktu perendaman menggunakan bakterin selama 45 menit dan 60 menit lebih baik jika dibandingkan dengan perendaman selama 15 dan 30 menit dengan sintasan yang dihasilkan sebesar 86,25% dan 73,75%.
STRATEGI KEBIJAKAN PENGELOLAAN NELAYAN ANDON SEBAGAI UPAYA PELESTARIAN SUMBERDAYA IKAN DI KOTA TEGAL
Authors: Sujiyanto Sujiyanto
Published: September 2016

Penelitian ini memiliki focus terhadap strategi kebijakan pengelolaan nelayan andon sebagai upaya pelestarian sumberdaya ikan di Kota Tegal. Oleh karenanya terdapat dua permasalahan utama yang diangkat pertama : Bagaimana strategi kebijakan pengelolaan nelayan andon terhadap pelestarian sumberdaya ikan di Kota Tegal; kedua, Bagaimana prioritas konsep kebijakan pengelolaan nelayan andon terhadap pelestarian sumberdaya ikan di Tegalsari Kota Tegal. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis (SWOT) dan (AHP). Analisis SWOT adalah suatu analisis yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor internal dan eksternal dalam merumuskan strategi yang efektif yaitu dengan memaksimalkan kekuatan (Strengths) dan Peluang (Opportunities), namun secara bersamaan dapat diminimalkan Kelemahan (Weaknesses) dan Ancaman (Threats). Analisis AHP digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi masalah dengan teknik pengambilan keputusan/optimasi multivariate yang digunakan dalam analisis kebijakan dan untuk mengetahui tingkat keterkaitannya, sehingga dapat membuat perkiraan prioritas konsep kebijakan. Hasil analisis SWOT menunjukkan bahwa strategi pengelolaan nelayan andon di Kota Tegal memiliki nilai total skor matrik IFAS = 0.73 dan EFAS = 0,78 sehingga berada pada kuadran I (satu). Hal ini memiliki arti bahwa strategi tersebut cocok digunakan dalam pengelolaan nelayan andon sebagai upaya pelestarian sumberdaya ikan. Hasil analisis AHP sementara, menunjukkan bahwa alternatif strategi kebijakan yang dianggap paling sesuai adalah Pertama Kemudahan fasilitasi perijinan nelayan andon untuk menarik minat nelayan melakukan andon dengan nilai prioritas tertinggi (28,1 %); Kedua Penerapan teknologi penangkapan ikan (27,6 %); ketiga Pembatasan jumlah nelayan andon di perairan Kota Tegal (17,0 %); keempat Pemberian sosialisasi tentang batasan dan zonasi penangkapan ikan (14,9 %) dan (5) Pemberian sosialisasi tentang Permen KP No. 36/Permen-KP/2014 tentang andon penangkapan ikan sebagai upaya peningkatan ekonomi sekaligus pelestarian sumberdaya ikan dengan nilai (12,4 %).
KERAGAAN TEKNOLOGI GARAM PADA BEBERAPA KAWASAN SENTRA PRODUKSI DI KABUPATEN LAMONGAN
Authors: Wardono Budi , Istiana Istiana
Published: September 2016

Kabupten Lamongan mempunyai potensi tambak garam yang tergolong luas (350 ha). Untuk mencapai hasil produksi garam yang optimal, pemerintah telah mengimplementasikan berbagai program, seperti: PNPM Mandiri KP (Pemberdayaan Usaha Garam Rakyat/PUGAR), Iptekmas Garam, Teknologi Tepat Guna (TTG) garam Arifin Sedayu Lawas yang tumbuh dimasyarakat. Dalam pelaksanaannya, dalam program PUGAR dilakukan bantuan pengembangan usaha dan perberdayaan masyarakat dalam menumbuh kembangkan usaha garam rakyat sesuai dengan potensi, dan diharapkan mampu meningkatkan produktifitas dan nilai tambah usaha garam. Penelitian mengenai keragaan teknologi garam pada beberapa kawasan sentra produksi di Kabupaten Lamongan telah dilakukan pada tahun 2013. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keragaan teknologi garam yang ada dimasyarakat dan peluang pengembangannya. Data yang digunakan merupakan data primer yang diperoleh dari hasil obeservasi dan wawancara di lapang. Data dianalisis dengan pendekatan deskriptif-kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan produktifitas dapat dilakukan melalui program PUGAR, terutama dengan adanya bantuan paket yang disertai pendampingan oleh PPTK, dan upaya peningkatan produktifitas garam dihasilkan dari TTG Garam Arifin Sedayu Lawas serta upaya peningkatan kualitas garam rakyat dilakukan melalui proses pencucian yang dihasilkan dari rekayasa teknologi sederhana hasil P3SDLP yang mampu menghasilkan garam dengan kualitas garam konsumsi. Untuk mendukung peningkatan produktifitas tambak garam di Kabupaten Lamongan, perlu dilakukan peningkatan kapasitas kelembagaan khususnya melalui pembentukan kelembagaan koperasi sebagai wadah usaha yang menaungi kepentingan anggota kelompok terutama dalam hal menjaga stabiltas harga produksi garam.
PEMANFAATAN DAN PENGELOLAAN SITU PANJALU Di CIAMIS, JAWA BARAT
Authors: Nasution Zahri , Indah Yanti Bayu Vita
Published: September 2016

Situ Panjalu merupakan situ alam yang dimanfaatkan untuk penangkapan ikan oleh masyarakat sekitar. Alat tangkap yang digunakan berupa alat tangkap jala tebar, gill net, sirib (anco) dan pancing. Ikan yang tertangkap sebagian dibudidayakan di karamba jaring apung (KJA). Situ Panjalu juga dimanfaatkan sebagai kawasan wisata budaya dengan memanfaatkan Nusa Gede sebagai lokasi ziarah. Meskipun pengelolaan Situ Panjalu untuk perikanan belum diatur secara formal. Pengaturan terkait dengan penggunaan alat tangkap, mesh size dan kawasan restocking dilakukan secara informal melalui himbauan dari aparat desa. Sementara itu, pemerintah desa dan Yayasan Borosngora yang mempunyai wewenang mengelola Situ Panjalu masih sebatas pada pengaturan kegiatan pariwisata.
PERSEPSI PELAKU USAHA TAMBAK TERHADAP PENANGGULANGAN BENCANA BANJIR DI PANTAI UTARA JAWA BARAT
Authors: Lindawati Lindawati , Kurniasari Nendah
Published: September 2016

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana persepsi pembudidaya tambak terhadap penanggulangan bencana banjir. Penelitian ini dilakukan di pantai Utara Jawa Barat, tepatnya di Kabupaten Subang dan Karawang. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dan sekunder. Data primer diperoleh melalui pendekatan survey dengan melakukan wawancara kepada pembudidaya tambak, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Kabupaten Subang dan Karawang. Pengambilan responden dilakukan secara purposive sampling dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 17 orang pembudidaya tambak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persepsi pembudidaya tambak terhadap ketepatan, kecepatan dan efektifitas penanggulangan bencana banjir masih rendah, baik pada saat situasi tanggap darurat maupun saat rehabilitasi usaha. Oleh karena itu, untuk mengantisipasi terjadinya banjir serta kerusakan dan kerugian yang lebih besar, pembudidaya tambak melakukan beberapa langkah yaitu membuat jaring atau waring yang dipasang di sepanjang kolam dan pintu air tambak untuk menghalangi ikan berpindah dari kolam ketika air tambak menjadi luber akibat banjir, membuat alat dari pipa paralon yang digunakan untuk membuka saluran air yang menghubungkan sungai dengan tambak ketika surut dan menutupnya ketika pasang sehingga air tambak tidak meluap, memperbaiki tambak menjadi lebih tinggi dan mengeruk lahan tambak lebih dalam dari sebelumnya, penanaman pohon mangrove yang berfungsi sebagai “rumah ikan” (fish apartement) pada saat terjadi banjir serta melakukan panen lebih awal untuk menghindari kerugian yang lebih besar.
The Technology of Happiness: Philosophy, the Body, and Ghaz?l?’s K?m?y?-yi sa??dat
Authors: Ames Robert Landau
Published: September 2016

This article suggests a repositioning of philosophy’s disciplinary boundaries in terms of the analyses of ancient Greek philosophy carried out late in the career of Michel Foucault, which, under the influence of Pierre Hadot’s conception of philosophy as a way of life, set out to highlight "the care of the self" as the practical core of the Ancient philosophical enterprise. In light of this shift in disciplinary boundaries, the article seeks to deepen the ongoing reconsideration of Ab? H?mid Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Ghaz?l?’s position vis-à-vis philosophy by highlighting the role of the body and self-care in his ethical writing. Though recent scholarship has come to reject the notion that Ghaz?l? simply did away with philosophy in Islam, even the studies of his constructive incorporation of Avicennan thought have stopped short of highlighting bodily discipline as a central feature of spiritual exercise across these categories.
Defining, delivering and measuring effective and excellent teaching
Authors: Roberts Trudie
Published: October 2016

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. The importance of teaching is increasingly being recognised globally. In the UK there are plans to measure teaching excellence. This an opportunity to redress the teaching - research imbalance. How to define, deliver and measure excellent teaching is a challenge which medical education needs to address.
MICRONUTRIENTS DEFICIENCY ON THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF BANANA PRATA SEEDLINGS
Authors: SOUZA BRUNA PEREIRA DE , SILVA ENILSON DE BARROS , CRUZ MARIA DO CÉU MONTEIRO DA , AMORIM EDSON PERITO , DONATO SÉRGIO LUIZ RODRIGUES
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT The knowledge of the requirements and micronutrients efficiency in banana is relevant to the development of fertilizer recommendations. This study aimed to evaluated requirements and nutritional efficiencies of banana seedlings submitted to omission of micronutrients in nutritive solution. Treatments were complete nutritive solution and solution with individual omission of B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn, and two Prata-Anã and BRS Platina hybrid genotypes. Leaf area, dry matter of leaves, rhizome, roots and total and micronutrient contents were determined. With results, the following indexes were calculated: uptake, transport and micronutrient utilization efficiency. B deficiency effected more intensely the growth of both banana genotypes. The nutrient uptake corresponded to the following sequence: Fe > Mn > Zn > B > Cu, which reflects the plant requirements. The BRS Platina hybrid showed higher B, Fe and Zn absorption efficiency in relation to Prata Anã cultivar, which had higher Cu absorption efficiency. BRS Platina hybrid showed higher efficiency in the transport of Fe and Mn, while Prata Anã only for Cu. Prata Anã cultivar showed higher micronutrient utilization efficiency in complete treatment and treatment with omission of micronutrients.
Argumentos Máximamente Específicos en Argumentación Rebatible
Authors: Alessio Cláudio Andrés
Published: September 2016

Resumen DeLP (Defeasible Logic Programming) is a defeasible argumentation system that captures common sense reasoning features. Examples proposed in the literature show that DeLP gets counterintuitive results. We suggest a possible cause of this problem and we propose an approach to neutralize it. The approach is based on the pre-selection criterion of arguments, called maximal specificity. The criterion establishes that an argument will be considered like maximally specific only if, for every argument based on more specific evidence which does not explain the same conclusion, it explains neither the contrary nor something more general.
Detecção de Tendências Monotônicas Temporais e Relação com Erros dos Tipos I e II: Estudo de Caso em Séries de Precipitações Diárias Máximas Anuais do Estado do Acre
Authors: Moreira José Genivaldo do Vale , Naghettini Mauro
Published: September 2016

Resumo Atualmente, é quase consenso que mudanças climáticas estão acontecendo e, provavelmente, se intensificarão no futuro. Com isso, os testes estatísticos para detecção de tendências em séries de observações de variáveis hidrológicas tornaram-se ferramentas importantes para a construção e melhoramento dos modelos de predição e de planos de preparação da sociedade para os possíveis impactos causados por eventos extremos. Sob este foco, o presente artigo busca discutir uma metodologia proposta recentemente para a detecção de tendências, à luz dos erros do tipo I e II associados a testes de significância estatística, e comparar com o teste não paramétrico de Mann-Kendall, complementado pelo estimador de declive de Sen. Contempla, ainda, um estudo de caso nas três principais séries de precipitações diárias máximas anuais do estado do Acre, Brasil. Os resultados evidenciaram tendência significativamente crescente apenas para a série de observações localizada em Tarauacá, um dos municípios do estado em questão, e que dispõe de uma estação meteorológica de referência.
Análise do Desempenho do Modelo Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) com Diferentes Esquemas de Microfísica e Camada Limite Planetária na Ilha Deception, Antártica
Authors: Comin Alcimoni Nelci , Souza Ronald Buss de , Acevedo Otávio Costa , Anabor Vagner
Published: September 2016

Resumo Diferentes esquemas de CLP e microfísica do modelo WRF são comparados em uma pequena ilha na Antártica com um lago com atividade geotermal em seu interior. Dados coletados em uma torre micrometeorológica são comparados com o modelo para 3 dias de situações atmosféricas distintas: nebulosidade baixa, céu relativamente claro e a passagem de um ciclone sobre a ilha.Para a temperatura do ar, osdiferentes experimentos resultam num ciclo diário de menor amplitude que os observados. A variabilidade entre os esquemas é menor que 1 °C, devido à influência da TSM e à sua diferente capacidade em reproduzir nebulosidade. Para o dia de céu claro, a previsão de radiação de onda curta depende fortemente do esquema microfísico utilizado e pouco dos esquemas de CLP. Para a radiação de onda longa os esquemas produzem resultados semelhantes, porém quando há ciclone atuando o esquema THOMPSON tem melhor desempenho que o WSM3.Para o vento zonal, a variabilidade entre os esquemas de CLP é geralmente maior (1 a 3 m/s) que entre os de microfísica (menor que 1 m/s). O esquema WSM3 é, em geral, mais indicado para as previsões nos dias de ciclone. Para a componente meridional do vento observa-se pouca diferença entre os esquemas microfísicos e CLP.