bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Incremental Sampling Methodology for subsurface sampling
Authors: Corriveau Elizabeth , Clausen Jay
Published: May 2021

Historically, researchers studying contaminated sites have used grab sampling to collect soil samples. However, this methodology can introduce error in the analysis because it does not account for the wide variations of contaminant concentrations in soil. An alternative method is the Incremental Sampling Methodology (ISM), which previous studies have shown more accurately captures the true concentration of contaminants over an area, even in heterogeneous soils. This report describes the methods and materials used with ISM to collect soil samples, specifically for the purpose of mapping subsurface contamination from site activities. The field data presented indicates that ISM is a promising methodology for collecting subsurface soil samples containing contaminants of concern, including metals and semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs), for analysis. Ultimately, this study found ISM to be useful for supplying information to assist in the decisions needed for remediation activities.
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC FORMATION
Authors: Solodovnikov S.
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the content of the socio-economic formation. The main functional meaning of the socio-economic formation as a special way of life of individuals is to provide and expanded reproduction of their comprehensive coexistence, the structure of the formation is characterized by its functional purpose, on the one hand, as well as specific human needs, needs, abilities and material living conditions, on the other. The production of society and social relations is the initial premise of all production. Material, spiritual, social production, the production of a social person form four separate spheres of aggregate social production, which as a whole create a single integrated production sphere.
CREATING A CONVEYOR OF INNOVATIONS IN AN INNOVATIVE ENVIRONMENT: THE ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF A MODERN ENGINEERING COMPANY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF ENCATA LTD)
Authors: Lapko B. , Kondrashov O. , Tianhua Qiao
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to topical problems of introducing innovations into production, developing and bringing new products to the market. It is shown that it is possible to realize the conveyor nature of the production of innovations only in a developed innovative environment in the presence of engineering companies with the functions of a business accelerator, capable not only of catalyzing developments, but also providing financial and expert support for a startup. A model for the development of an ecosystem of engineering startups, developed by EnCata, is proposed, which includes a number of tools that ensure the implementation of the main functions of an engineering company in an innovative environment.
PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION OF THE EAEU MEMBER COUNTRIES IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL CHANGES IN THE WORLD ECONOMY
Authors: Hursky V.
Published: May 2021

The article contains a phenomenological analysis of the institute of harmonization of the industrial policies of EAUE member countries. This institute implies voluntary interstate coordination of partnership between EAEU member countries in the sphere of industrial policies, which aims to full using of the advantages of international division and cooperation of labor in order to reduce uncertainty in the system of international interaction. Also, such institute can be considered as a mechanism for a combination of the interests of economic entities from different countries related to industrial production. It is an alternative to the interstate competition for better business conditions for their economic entities. The harmonization of the industrial policies of EAUE member countries shouldn’t consider as an instrument of state pressure on each other. On the contrary, this harmonization should become a way of the industrial cooperation of economic entities.
The expansion of the Universe may be an illusion created by Compton scattering of free electrons
Authors: Cheng GuanFeng
Published: May 2021

The high-precision measurements of the Hubble parameter make the theory of cosmic expansion more and more confusing, which bolster the idea that new physics may be needed to explain the mismatch. The cosmological redshift may not only be related to distance but also to other factors. The expansion of the Universe may be just an illusion. The Compton effect of free electrons and low energy photons has been observed in the laboratory. This article proposes a theory: Free electron Compton scattering (FEC) produce the illusion of the Universe exponential expansion: FEC causes photons to redshift (FEC redshift), and the photon beam expands along the propagation direction, that is, the redshift factor is (1 + z); the beam length stretch factor (time dilation of the supernova curve) is (1 + z); the expansion factor of the beam volume is (1 + z)3, and FEC will not be blurred Distant galaxy. The reason for rejecting the “tired light” does not hold in FEC.
Long-term colonisation and propagule pressure of fish assemblages in a Neotropical floodplain
Authors: Bezerra Luis Artur Valões , Libralato Simone , Kubecka Jan , Padial Andre
Published: May 2021

Biological invasions are a major threat to biodiversity in the Neotropical region. However, few studies have evaluated the mechanisms underlying the long-term establishment of fish propagules in aquatic environments. Here, we associated fish biomass, species richness, and proportion of non-native species (contamination index) to quantify propagule and colonisation pressures, and fish biodiversity (measured by the Kempton’s index) in lakes and rivers of the Parana River floodplain. We organised species into native and non-native assemblages sampled by gillnetting and beach seining in spatio-temporal gradients, seasonally, from 2000 to 2017. Native and non-native Kempton’s indices were inversely correlated, native extinctions occurred locally with non-native biotic differentiation in lakes, rivers, and ecosystem contamination. A constant propagule pressure resulted in an overwhelming biodiversity of non-natives at the end of the evaluated time series. Biotic resistance to introduction was not evidenced in our deterministic trends. The observed patterns agreed with previous studies highlighting native biotic homogenisation and species extinctions, depending on biological invasions, landscape connectivity, and riverine impoundments. Long-term propagule pressure and non-native fish colonisation were the drivers of biodiversity that led to the predominance of non-native over native assemblages in the Parana River floodplain.
A study on orderings based on fuzzy quasi- order relations
Authors: Chai Zhonglin
Published: May 2021

This paper further studies orderings based on fuzzy quasi-order relations using fuzzy graph. Firstly, a fuzzy relation on a finite set is represented equivalently by a fuzzy graph. Using the graph, some new results on fuzzy relations are derived. In ranking those alternatives, we usually obtain a quasi-order relation, which often has inconsistencies, so it cannot be used for orderings directly. We need to remake it into a reasonable partial order relation for orderings. This paper studies these inconsistencies, and divides them into two types: framework inconsistencies and degree inconsistencies. For the former, a reasonable and feasible method is presented to eliminate them. To eliminate the latter, the concept of complete partial order relation is presented, which is more suitable than partial order relation to rank the alternatives. A method to obtain a reasonable complete partial order relation for a quasi-order relation is given also. An example is given as well to illustrate these discussions. Lastly, the paper discusses the connection between quasi-order relations and preference relations for orderings and some other related problems.
Complex Picture Fuzzy N-Soft Sets and Their Decision Making Algorithm
Authors: Mahmood Tahir , Rehman Ubaid ur , Ahmmad Jabbar
Published: May 2021

We establish in this manuscript a new model complex picture fuzzy N-soft sets (CPFN-SSs) which is the fusion of complex picture fuzzy sets (CPFSs) along with N-soft sets (N-SSs) and a novel definition of CPFSs which is a mixture of complex fuzzy sets (CFSs) and picture fuzzy sets (PFSs). In CPFN-SS notions of N-SSs, fuzzy N-SSs (FN-SSs), intuitionistic FN-SSs (IFN-SSs), picture FN-SSs (PFN-SSs) complex FN-SSs (CFN-SS), complex IFN-SSs (CIFN-SSs) are generalized. We also talk about few basic operations on CPFN-SSs with the assistance of examples. Additionally, we establish two kinds of union (extended and restricted) and intersection (extended and restricted) of CPFN-SSs and illustrate them through examples. We also establish a complement of CPFN-SSs along with an example. Furthermore, we define an algorithm to solve the data in the environment of CPFN-SSs, and then we represent two real-world applications (performance assessment of e-waste recycling program and predication about the champions of FIFA world cup 2022 through audience poll) of our established model in decision-making (DM) to show the advantages and usefulness of the CPFN-SSs. In the end, we represent a comparison of our established model with some existing methods which shows that our established model is more general than existing ones.
The aesthetic evaluation of forest landscape in four urban forest parks: A case study of Nanjing hilly areas, China
Authors: Yang Yang , Tang Xiaolan
Published: May 2021

In recent years, the construction of urban forest parks has run into the fast lane in China. As an indispensable natural landscape resource for urban forest parks, forest landscape has been paid increasing attentions by the public, in contrast, less effort has been made in the field of aesthetic evaluation of forest landscape. Based on the theories of landscape esthetics and psychology, this paper aims to present methods for the aesthetic evaluation, and understand citizen’s aesthetic perceptions of forest landscape using Semantic Differential (SD) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) methods. Moreover, further suggestions will be put forward for a better development of the forest landscape, thereby giving full play to their landscape and recreation functions. As per the findings of this paper, the vegetation element diversity (PC 1 ), the magnificent feel (PC 2 ), the nature-pastoral feel (PC 3 ) and the sense of space (PC 4 ) present the critical comprehensive indexes affecting the aesthetic values of the forest landscape. The relationship between the comprehensive indexes and the landscape aesthetic value is revealed by multiple regression analyses. PC 3 and PC 4 are found to be less influencing on aesthetic values than PC 1 and PC 2 . At last, three suggestions for the construction and protection of forest landscape are put forward. The results of this study will contribute to the preservation of the forest landscape aesthetic, and the integration of these conclusions into the sustainable development strategies of urban forest parks.
Upstream region of OprD mutations in imipenem-resistant and imipenem-sensitive Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates
Authors: Kiani Masoumeh , Astani Akram , Khozani Nahid Rezaei , Khaledi Mansoor , Afkhami Hamed , Rostami Soodabeh , Zarei Mohadeseh , Zandi Hengameh
Published: May 2021

The current study was aimed at investigating the prevalence of the mutations upstream of the oprD coding region and its promoters among imipenem-resistant and sensitive Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from educational hospitals in Yazd City, Iran. All isolates were identified by the conventional biochemical tests. Then, the antibiotic resistance of these isolates was determined using the disk diffusion method according to the CLSI guidelines. Also, the E.test was performed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of imipenem. The mutations of this gene were recognized by the amplification of this region and subsequently sequenced. Sequencing of the genomic region upstream of oprD these regions were done in the 29 clinical strains. Statistical analysis was done by the statistical software SPSS-18. Seventy (77.7%) of isolates had MIC ≥ 16 and were resistant to imipenem. Mutations of the upstream of the oprD gene and its promoters were seen in 25 (86.2%) isolates and 4 isolates had no mutation. One isolate had a base substitution A→Cat nt 25 in the coding region and this isolate had a point mutation leading to an amino acid change at positions 9 (I→L). Our study results indicated that none of the strains had mutation in Shine-Dalgarno and the point mutations were the most common mutations upstream of the oprD coding region among P. aeruginosa isolates. Mutations were observed in imipenem-resistant isolates and it seems this mechanism is effective in resistance of isolates to imipenem and this confirmed that the indiscriminate use of antibiotic should be controlled.
Multi-attribute group decision-making method based on weighted partitioned Maclaurin symmetric mean operator and a novel score function under neutrosophic cubic environment
Authors: Fan Jianping , Zhai Shanshan , Wu Meiqin
Published: May 2021

Neutrosophic cubic set (NCS) is the generalized version of neutrosophic sets and interval neutrosophic sets. It can deal with the complex information by combining the neutrosophic set (NS) and cubic set (CS). The partitioned Maclaurin symmetric mean (PMSM) operator can reflect the interrelationships among attributes where there are interrelationships among attributes in the same partition, but the attributes in different partitions are irrelevant. To effectively gather neutrosophic cubic information, we extend the PMSM operator to neutrosophic cubic environment and define the neutrosophic cubic partitioned Maclaurin symmetric mean (NCPMSM) operator and neutrosophic cubic weighted partitioned Maclaurin symmetric mean (NCWPMSM) operator. Later, we define a novel score function of NCS which overcome the drawbacks of the existing score functions. Next, based on NCWPMSM operator and the novel score function, we develop a multi-attribute group decision-making method. Finally, we give an example of supplier selection to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed multi-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) method. At the same time, a comparative analysis is to show the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method compared with the existing methods
RNA-sequencing reveals the expression profiles of tsRNAs and their potential carcinogenic role in cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Yan Li-rong , Wang Ang , Xu Qian , Wang Ben-gang
Published: May 2021

Background

Recently, the incidence of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) has gradually increased. As CCA has a poor prognosis, the ideal survival rate is scarce for patients. The abnormal expressed tsRNAs may regulate the progression of a variety of tumors, and tsRNAs is expected to become a new diagnostic biomarker of cancer. However, the expression of tsRNAs is obscure and should be elucidated in CCA.
Methods

High-throughput RNA sequencing technology (RNA-seq) was utilized to determine the overall expression profiles of tsRNAs in 3 pairs CCA and adjacent normal tissues and to screen the tsRNAs that were differentially expressed. The target genes of dysregulated tsRNAs were predicted and the biological effects and potential signaling pathways of these target genes were explored by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to validate 11 differentially expressed tRFs with 12 pairs CCA and adjacent normal tissues.
Results

High-throughput RNA-seq totally demonstrated 535 dysregulated tsRNAs, of which 241 tsRNAs were upregulated and 294 tsRNAs were downregulated in CCA compared with adjacent normal tissues (|log2 (fold change) |≥1 and P value < 0.05). GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that the target genes of dysregulated tRFs (tRF-34-JJ6RRNLIK898HR, tRF-38-0668K87SERM492V and tRF-39-0668K87SERM492E2) were mainly enriched in the Notch signaling pathway, Hippo signaling pathway, cAMP signaling pathway and in growth hormone synthesis, secretion and action, etc. qRT-PCR result showed that tRF-34-JJ6RRNLIK898HR/tRF-38-0668K87SERM492V/tRF-39-0668K87SERM492E2 was down-regulated (P = 0.021) and tRF-20-LE2WMK81 was up-regulated in CCA (P = 0.033).
Conclusion

Differentially expressed tRFs in CCA are enriched in many pathways associated with neoplasms, which may impact the tumor progression and have potential to be diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets of CCA.
A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Study for the Efficacy and Safety of the Substitution of Pyrazinamide and Ethambutol With Moxifloxacin During the Intensive Phase of Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Shang Yuqi , Liu Xi , Chen Yuanli , Luo Xiaoqing , Zhu Hongqiong , Xia Jinyu , Ding Li
Published: May 2021

Background: Moxifloxacin (MFX, M) is currently a second-line antituberculosis drug as initial therapy of pulmonary tuberculosis and one of the main anti-TB drugs in drug-resistant TB, which can kill both intracellular and extracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We started a trial to study the efficacy and safety of the substitution of pyrazinamide and ethambutol with moxifloxacin during the intensive phase of treatment of newly diagnosed susceptive pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods/design: This is a prospective, open, randomized, parallel-controlled, single-center clinical study. The study consists of three phases: a screening period, a treatment period of 6 (or 7) months, and a follow-up period of 1 year. Patients selected for the study will be allocated to the trial group or the control group randomly. The control group will be given six months of a standard regimen(2HRZE/4HR). The trial group will be given a total of six months of treatment with substitution of pyrazinamide and ethambutol with moxifloxacin during the intensive phase(2HRM/4HR). The primary outcome is the rate of adverse outcomes within one year of completion of therapy. The Secondary outcomes include the rate of treatment success at the 2nd, 3rd, 5th and 6th months, the rate of sputum Mtb(Mycobacterium tuberculosis) negative conversion at the 2nd, 3rd, 5th and 6th months, the time of sputum Mtb negative conversion at the 2nd, 3rd, 5th and 6th months, and the number of patients with adverse events within one year of completion of therapy. Comparisons will be performed using two-sided tests with a statistical significance level of 5%.Discussion: This trial will reveal the effectiveness and safety of 2months of use of moxifloxacin instead of pyrazinamide and ethambutol during the intensive phase of treatment for newly diagnosed susceptive pulmonary tuberculosis. If the new regimen including isoniazid, rifampicin and moxifloxacin during the intensive phase of treatment (2HRM/4HR) is no less effective and safe than the standard regimen(2HRZE/4HR), it could be a new alternative treatment for newly diagnosed susceptive pulmonary tuberculosis in the future. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04187469. Registered on 5 December 2019.
Efficacy of conventional fluoridated toothpastes containing arginine and high-fluoride toothpastes on the control of root caries in patients undergone radiotherapy of head-and-neck: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Velo Marilia , Giacominni Marina , Brianezzi Leticia , Gonçalves Rafael , Zabeu Giovanna , Santos Paulo , Ishikiriama Sergio , Honório Heitor , Wang Linda
Published: May 2021

This parallel, triple-blind RCT evaluated the restorative performance of a resin-modified glass-ionomer-cement (RMGIC) in irradiated patients and the prevention of root caries lesions adjacent to restoration, comparing the effect of conventional (control) concentration, high-fluoride (F) containing fTCP and arginine-based toothpastes. A total of 63 lesions was screened and 60 were included into randomized distribution into three groups (N- participants in baseline/n- root caries lesions): G1 = 1,450 ppm F (N = 10/n = 17); G2 = 5,000 ppm F + fTCP (N = 7/n = 18) and G3 = 1,450 ppm F + arginine + CaCO3 (N = 6/n = 25). Based on eligibility criteria, all patients were mandatory enrolled after completed 3-month of radiotherapy of head-and-neck. Two calibrated operators performed the restorative procedures (RMGIC - Vitremer) and two calibrated examiners (Kappa = 0.94) evaluated the restorations based on modified USPHS criteria at baseline, 1, 3 and 6-month follow-up. Data was collected and statistically assessed with Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significance differences among the performance of the restoration among the three groups regarding the criteria retention, marginal adaptation, marginal staining, post-operative sensitivity, adjacent caries, color alteration, anatomic form and surface texture (p > 0.05). Even with oral complications caused by radiation-therapy, if the restorations are properly performed and patients are under professional supervision, high-F presented similar efficacy of arginine and conventional-containing toothpastes to prevent secondary caries. Clinical relevance: This clinical trial brings new evidences about the regular use of high-F, arginine-based and conventional-F containing toothpastes in irradiated patients under supervision of a multidisciplinary team and the encouragement of self-cooperation.
A qualitative study to define meaningful change in physical function after weight-loss.
Authors: Poon Jiat Ling , Marshall Chris , Johnson Chloe , Pegram Hannah , Hunter Maile , Kan Hongjun , Ahmad Nadia
Published: May 2021

Purpose
This study explored perceptions of meaningful weight-loss and the level of change on two patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures, the 36-item Short Form Health Survey® [SF-36v2®] and Impact of Weight on Quality of Life Lite-Clinical Trials © [IWQOL-Lite-CT © ], that individuals living with overweight or obesity consider to be meaningful and indicative of treatment success.
Methods
Thirty-three qualitative interviews were conducted in the US with adults living with overweight or obesity. Concept elicitation explored perceptions of minimally important/meaningful weight-loss using open-ended questions. Cognitive debriefing was used to understand thresholds for meaningful change on both measures.
Results
Most participants (n=23/33) expected a 5% total body weight-loss to yield some benefit in physical functioning, while all participants expected a 10% weight-loss to provide a meaningful and noticeable improvement in their physical functioning.
Participants indicated that an item-level 1-point score change on each measure would represent a noticeable improvement in physical functioning and indicate treatment success.
Conclusions
Participants expected moderate weight losses to be noticeable, with ≥10% weight-loss yielding the most consistent results. The findings suggested that both measures provide strong opportunity to demonstrate treatment benefit in relation to physical functioning as a small change on the response scale would represent a noticeable improvement in participants’ daily lives.
Community Needs Assessment of Ten Rural Villages in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Bhuiya Tanzim , Thakker Krima , Hyacinthe Julia , Cioe-Pena Eric
Published: May 2021

Background: India’s health disparities are clearly visible in the southern state of Karnataka. A community needs assessment, one of the first done in this area in over a decade, was conducted to identify unsatisfied needs. The Northwell Center for Global Health worked alongside a local boarding school, Shanti Bhavan, to conduct a needs assessment using the Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response tool. Methods: A community based cross-sectional survey design was implemented in ten rural villages in Karnataka throughout February 2019. The target population for this study included people that earned less than US$2 / day. The survey instrument consisted of a questionnaire and tracking form. Results: 197 of 359 households participated in the survey which encompassed a total of 1023 individuals. Proper housing structure was the most common need (27.7 %) followed by access to transportation (16.1 %) and access to healthcare (15.2 %). Agitated behavior, sad mood, and frequent worries were the most experienced behavioral health concerns with 47.7%, 41.6% and 41.1 % prevalence respectively. Chronic diseases (i.e. high blood pressure, diabetes, asthma) were prevalent in 35 of the households (9.7%). The major disease concern in relation to mosquito borne illness was Dengue (36.0 %). Access to healthcare was an issue in 44 of the 197 households (22.3%) with financial reasons being the most common barrier. Conclusions: Notably, there were no expressed needs for basic necessities such as food, water and medication. This may be due to the help of state programs or a limitation of the survey format. Respondents were most concerned with Dengue but are also at risk for other vector diseases such as Malaria and Chikungunya, highlighting the need to increase awareness and safety measures. Additionally, mental health problems represented a significant burden of disease.
MiR-92a-3p promote s invasion and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by targeting PTEN
Authors: Hu Yilin , Sun Huiling , Lu Qiping , Mei Hongliang , Liu Rong
Published: May 2021

Background

MiR-92a-3p has been reported to play a part in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a leading type of lethal cancer around the world. In this study, we explored the function and mechanism of miR-92a-3p in HCC.
Methods

Firstly, the expression of miR-92a-3p in HCC along with its relationship with PTEN was analyzed through biological information. To investigate the impact of miR-92a-3p on the migration and invasion of HCC cells, we performed scratch wound healing and transwell assays. Next, RT-qPCR, western blot and dual luciferase reporter gene assays were conducted to determine whether PTEN is targeted by miR-92a-3p, which was then verified through rescue assays. Afterwards, in vivo animal experiments were carried out to determine the function of miR-92a-3p in HCC tissues. As an established fact, PETN is an anti-oncogene with frequent mutation inactivation in human cancers. Thus, we used the database to predict the mutation of PETN and its mutation frequency. Finally, CRISPR-cas12a was applied to detect the R130Q mutation on PETN in HCC clinical samples.
Results

This study found that the migration and invasion of HCC could be suppressed by inhibiting miR-92a-3p, which regulates the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC through the regulation of PETN. The bioinformatics analysis indicated higher mutation frequency of R130Q/G/L* site on the PETN gene, and greater impact of R130Q site mutation on the progression of HCC. CRISPR-cas12a detected 26 cases of R130Q mutations on PTEN in 40 HCC clinical samples
Conclusion

Collectively, this study revealed that miR-92a-3p promoted the invasion and migration of HCC by targeting PTEN, and that the stability of PETN also affected the development of HCC, which may enrich and deepen our knowledge on the progression of HCC.
Characterization and toxicity effect of leachate from municipality landfill
Authors: Sisay Elias Jigar , Sahai Shivraj , Tesfay Teame
Published: May 2021

Leachate from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) landfill has long known to be an environmental concern worldwide. The composition of landfill leachate may contain metals, ammonia, organics, other toxicants and carcinogens, having major environmental concern, with implications for plant, animal and human health. The pollution of soil, surface and ground water is also some of the major immediate concern related to leachate. This problem is growing at alarming rate in some of the developing countries including Ethiopia, and Adigrat happens to one such fast growing small city Ethiopia. However, in the absence of any significant relevant study for Adigrat City MSW leachate, the present work was undertaken to study the physico-chemical characterization of leachate from the Adigrat MSW leachate and investigate its toxicity effect on pea seed germination (Pisum sativum). The characterization was performed on the leachate from Adigrat MSW landfill. Subsequently, the leachate toxicity assessment on pea seed germination was also carried out. The result shows presence of several unacceptable components in the leachate that in some instance was detected at such levels that may pose environmental risk. It was also found that the low pH may add corrosiveness to any contaminated environmental components. Anions (like Cl−) and heavy metals (like Pb, Zn and Cd) detected in the leachate may also be concern for any possible environmental exposure. Additionally, the pea seed germination experiment suggests existence of such components in the leachate that possibly mask its nutritional property during germination.
Fear of Coronavirus, Stress and Fear of Childbirth in Polish Pregnant Women During SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
Authors: Dymecka Joanna , Gerymski Rafał , Iszczuk Adrianna , Bidzan Mariola
Published: May 2021

Background: COVID-19 pandemic is the largest pandemic of aggressive coronavirus in the human population in the 21st century. The pandemic may have a negative emotional impact on pregnant women, causing fear and stress. Negative feelings during pregnancy affect the later fear of childbirth. Objective: Out study aimed to determine the relationship between fear of COVID-19, stress and fear of childbirth. We assume that fear of COVID-19 will be a mediator of the relationship between perceived stress and fear of childbirth. Methods: 262 Polish pregnant women participated in this study. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FOC-6), and Labour Anxiety Questionnaire (KLP II) were used in the study. Results: There was a statistically significant, moderate, and positive relationship between perceived stress, fear of COVID-19, and fear of childbirth. Fear of COVID-19 was a statistically significant mediator in the relationship between perceived stress and fear of childbirth Conclusions: The COVID-19 epidemic may have a negative emotional impact on pregnant women, causing fear, stress, and increased fear of childbirth. Childbirth during the COVID-19 pandemic is perceived by women as a threat to their well-being and health. Therefore, it is especially important to support a woman in the perinatal period and to enable her to give birth to a companion.
Giant excitonic upconverted emission of two-dimensional semiconductor in doubly resonant plasmonic nanocavity
Authors: Qi Pengfei , Dai Yuchen , Yang Luo , Tao Guangyi , Zheng Liheng , Zhang Tianhao , Shen Bo , Lin Feng , Fang Zheyu
Published: May 2021

Phonon-assisted upconverted emission lies at the heart of energy harvesting, bioimaging, optical cryptography and optical refrigeration. It has been demonstrated that the emerging two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors can provide a great platform for efficient phonon-assisted upconversion due to the enhanced optical transition strength and phonon-exciton interaction of 2D excitons. However, the research on the further enhancement of excitonic upconverted emission in 2D semiconductors is almost blank. Here we report the enhanced multiphoton upconverted emission of 2D excitons in doubly resonant plasmonic nanocavity. Owing to the enhanced light collection, enhanced excitation rate and quantum efficiency enhancement arising from Purcell effect, the upconverted emission amplification of > 1000 folds and the decrease of 2 ~ 3 orders of magnitude for saturated excitation energy density are achieved. These findings pave the way to the development of excitonic upconversion lasing, nanoscopic thermometry and sensing, and open up the possibility of optical refrigeration in future 2D electronic or excitonic devices.
Buccal Fat Pad- Stromal Vascular Fraction as a New Regenerative Source in Treatment of Maxillofacial Bone Defects: A Case Series Study
Authors: Bohlouli Mahboubeh , Bastami Farshid , Nadjmi Nasser , Nokhbatolfoghahei Hanieh , Khojasteh Arash
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to evaluate the biological properties of the buccal fat pad (BPF) derived tissue stromal vascular fractions (tSVF) using a mechanical device (Minceolip®), compared to BFP- cellular SVF (cSVF) in vitro. Also, the efficiency, safety, and feasibility of the BFP-tSVF were assessed in patients with various maxillofacial defects. Isolation of cSVF and-tSVF from BFP was performed through enzymatic and Mechanical devices. They were evaluated in terms of cell counting and viability, expression surface markers, kinetic growth, and tri-lineage differentiation. Ten patients with jaw bone defects received the BFP- tSVF along with an absorbable gelatin sponge in the clinical stage. Effectiveness and safety were measured by computed tomography. The BFP- tSVF showed high cell viability and cell surface markers, specifically CD45, CD31, and CD34. There was no difference in their kinetic growth and multi-lineage differentiation potential between enzymatic and mechanical approaches. Bone regeneration was significantly enhanced in the patients who received BFP- tSVF than control groups in both segmental (33.50%±4.95 vs. 5.00%±7.07, P-value: 0.042) and partial resection (89.33%±2.08 vs. 10.33%±10.02, P-value: 0.000). There were no intervention-related adverse events reported in the patients. These results confirmed that the BFP- tSVF is effective, safe, and feasible for maxillofacial bone defects patients. It will be necessary to evaluate of clinical efficiency of BFP- tSVF for improving bone regeneration in future studies.
Synergistic Inhibitory Effect of Human Umbilical Cord Matrix Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Conditioned Medium and Atorvastatin on MCF7 Cancer Cells Viablity and Migration
Authors: Abolghasemi Reyhaneh , Ebrahimi-barough Somayeh , Ai Jafar
Published: May 2021

Background: Tumor growth and metastasis eventuate from an interaction between cancer cells and the surrounding extracellular matrix. Recent studies demonstrated inhibitory effects of mesenchymal stem cells on breast tumors. Likewise, the emerging interest in statins as anticancer agents is based on their pleiotropic effects. In the present study, we investigated whether atorvastatin and umbilical cord matrix derived mesenchymal stem cells-conditioned medium alone and combined with each other affect the MCF7 cancer cells viability and interactions.Methods: We measured the viability, apoptosis, and necrosis of MCF7 by MTT assay, Annexin-V/PI staining by flow cytometry, and quantitative real-time PCR. Two-dimensional culture and hanging drop aggregation assay illustrated the morphological changes in single cancer cells and spheroid configuration respectively. We traced the MCF7 migration via scratch-wound healing and trans-well assays. Results: The results showed inhibition of cancer cell viability in all treated groups compared with the control group, but the effect of atorvastatin and conditioned medium combination was further than each one alone. Cancer cells shrinkage and chromatin condensation in the inverted light microscopy and fluorescent staining microscopy indicated apoptosis in treated cells. The annexin V/PI analysis especially in the combination-treated group displayed decreasing in DNA synthesis and cell cycle arrest. The mRNA expressions of caspases 3, 8, 9, and Bcl-2 genes were along with extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways. Conditioned medium disrupts the connections between cancer cells in the three-dimensional spheroids configuration. The migration of treated cells across the wound area and trans-well diminished, particularly in the combination-treated group. Conclusions: For the first time, the synergistic anti-proliferative and anti-motility effect of atorvastatin along with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells-derived conditioned medium on MCF7 breast cancer cells have been proved. These findings point to some new therapeutic strategies with a focus on the crosstalk between breast cancer cells and microenvironment.
Comparative study on the effectiveness of virtual simulation and jaw model for undergraduate periodontal teaching
Authors: Zhang Jie , Xing Jiawei , Zheng Min , Sheng Jie , Zhang Kailiang , Zhang Baoping
Published: May 2021

Background

To compare the effect of virtual simulation and jaw model on the development of pre-clinical periodontal skills in undergraduate students and to improve future pre-clinical training strategies.
Methods

Sixty volunteer sophomores and juniors from the stomatology at Lanzhou University were enrolled in the current study and randomly divided into four groups: Jaw model (Group J, the control group), Virtual reality (Group V), Virtual-Jaw (Group V-J), and Jaw-Virtual (Group J-V). All of the participants received training on uniform basic periodontal knowledge before completing the first theoretical assessment. Then, they obtained total 8 hours of operation training and completed a second theoretical assessment. Their performance was evaluated using the supragingival scaling processes, and clinical operation scores were graded by a blinded professional using an established standard scoring system.
Results

There was no significant difference in the first theoretical outcomes between the four groups (P > 0.05). The second theoretical scores of the V-J and J-V group (60.00 ± 4.47, 58.33 ± 4.35) were significantly improved as compared with the first theoretical scores (49.67 ± 4.81, 48.00 ± 4.93, P < 0.05). The operation process scores of students in Group V-J and J-V (72.00 ± 5.92; 70.00 ± 3.05) were higher than those in the other two groups (V: 61.67 ± 7.85; J: 60.67 ± 2.58). Additionally, the scaling process performance of students in Group V-J and J-V (53.00 ± 3.05; 63.40 ± 4.39) was improved as compared with that of students in the other two groups (V: 41.90 ± 5.23; J: 47.40 ± 4.31).
Conclusion

The combination of virtual reality and jaw model during periodontal pre-clinical training may improve students’ grades and help them develop professional skill. More importantly, we suggest that the jaw model should be applied prior to virtual reality.
Morphological, Biochemical and Molecular Characterization of Indigenous Aromatic Rice of Assam
Authors: Bordoloi Dibosh , Sarma Debojit , Barua Nagendra Sarma , Das Bikram Kishore
Published: May 2021

We carried out the morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization of 20 indigenous Joha (aromatic) rice cultivars of Assam. Distinctiveness, Uniformity and Stability (DUS) characterization of the cultivars revealed polymorphism in thirty-seven traits, establishing distinctiveness for their utilization in breeding programmes. Unweighted Neighbour Joining (UNJ) clustering based on usual Euclidean distances for the polymorphic markers grouped the cultivars into three multi-genotypic clusters. The Joha rice cultivars showed highly significant differences for all the quantitative traits except for panicle length. The genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variability (GCV & PCV) were high for grain yield ha− 1 (24.62 & 24.85%) and filled grains panicle− 1 (23.69 & 25.02%). All the traits except days to flowering and maturity, flag leaf breadth and spikelet fertility exhibited high heritability along with high to moderate genetic advance, indicating the predominant role of additive gene action. Mahalanobis D2 analysis revealed three multi-genotypic and four mono-genotypic clusters of the cultivars. The cultivars' average polyunsaturated fatty acids were 37.9% oleic acid, 39.22% linoleic acid and 0.5% linolenic acid. The fatty acid profile of Local Joha was superior to the other cultivars as it showed a high level of linoleic and linolenic acid and low saturated fatty acid content. Kon Joha 4 and Ronga Joha contained the highest iron (82.88 mg kg− 1) and zinc (47.39 mg kg− 1), respectively, while protein content of Kon Joha-1 and amylose content of Harinarayan were the highest. Joha-Bihpuria showed the highest gel consistency of 140.50 mm. Kalijeera, Kunkuni Joha, Kon Joha-5, Manimuni Joha and Kon Joha-2 accorded a strong aroma. PCR amplified 174 alleles with a mean value of 2.64 across the 66 polymorphic SSR markers. PIC values ranged from 0.091 to 0.698, with an average of 0.326. The highly informative (PIC > 0.50) markers were RM316, RM283, RM585, RM1388, RM3562, RM171, R1M30, RM118, RM11and RM29 for identification of the twenty aromatic rice cultivars. The UNJ clustering based on Jaccard's coefficients classified the 20 cultivars into three distinct clusters with eight, ten and two entries.
IFI35 is involved in the regulation of the radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Hu Yan , Wang Bing , Yi Ke , Lei Qingjun , Wang Guanghui , Xu Xiaohui
Published: May 2021

Background: Interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF1) affects the proliferation of colorectal cancer (CRC). Recombinant interferon inducible protein 35 (IFI35) participates in immune regulation and cell proliferation. The aim of the study was to examine whether IRF1 affects the radiation sensitivity of CRC by regulating IFI35.Methods: CCL244 and SW480 cells were divided into five groups: blank control, IFI35 upregulation, IFI35 upregulation control, IFI35 downregulation, and IFI35 downregulation control. All groups were treated with X-rays (6 Gy). IFI35 activation by IRF1 was detected by luciferase reporter assay. The GEPIA database was used to examine IRF1 and IFI35 in CRC. The cells were characterized using CCK-8, EdU, cell cycle, clone formation, flow cytometry, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial membrane potential. Nude mouse animal models were used to detect the effect of IFI35 on CRC.Results: IRF1 can bind to the IFI35 promoter and promote the expression of IFI35. The expression consistency of IRF1 and IFI35 in CRC, according to GEPIA (R = 0.68, p < 0.0001). After irradiation, the upregulation of IFI35 inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation and promoted apoptosis and ROS, while IFI35 downregulation promoted proliferation and colony formation and reduced apoptosis, ROS, and mitochondrial membrane potential were also reduced. The in vivo experiments supported the in vitro ones, with smaller tumors and fewer liver metastases with IFI35 upregulation.Conclusions: IRF1 can promote IFI35 expression in CRC cells. IFI35 is involved in the regulation of radiosensitivity of CRC cells and might be a target for CRC radiosensitization.
In-Silico Studies on Selected Active Constituents of Corbichonia decumbens Against Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis
Authors: S Sreeram , A Arunprasath , P Revathi
Published: May 2021

Herbs have been employed in the treatment of various diseases and other medicinal purposes for a long time and they’ve been the zest of our life. Corbichonia decumbens an erect, short-lived succulent herb is found to possess zenith medicinal properties. At a first, the in-silico activity of the plant has been determined to carry out a modification in the Surfactant Protein-D (SP-D) which plays a pivotal role in defense against the Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA). The SP-D protein has been modified using in-silico tools thus making it more robust in containing ABPA. The protein SP-D when combined with the plant compound 1-methyl-3,5-dinitro-1,2,4-triazole had binding energy of -6.98 and interactions with active site residue ASN-236, LYS-246, GLU-232, PHE-234 and, GLN-236. Being one of the first in-silico works carried out in this plant species it aims to provide a substantial base for future works and unwrap the potential of this herb in all aspects of medicinal plant science.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Sudan (#CCG)
Authors: Cannone Carla , Allington Lucy , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Walker Miriam Zachau , Ahsan Aniq , Charbonnier Flora , Halloran Claire , Hirmer Stephanie , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger , Cronin Jen
Published: May 2021

Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Sudan, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and three stylized scenarios (Fossil Future, Least Cost and Net Zero by 2050) for 2020-2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Senegal (#CCG)
Authors: Allington Lucy , Cannone Carla , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Walker Miriam Zachau , Ahsan Aniq , Charbonnier Flora , Halloran Claire , Hirmer Stephanie , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger
Published: May 2021

Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Senegal, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and three stylized scenarios (Fossil Future, Least Cost and Net Zero by 2050) for 2020-2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.