bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combining X-ray Nano-CT and XANES Techniques for 3D Operando Monitoring of Lithiation
Spatial Composition evolution in NMC Electrode
Authors: Demortiere arnaud , Nguyen Tuan-Tu , Xu Jiahui , Su Zeliang , De Andrade Vincent , Franco Alejandro , Delobel Bruno , Delacourt Charles
Published: October 2023

In this study, we present a well-defined methodology for conducting Operando X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy (XANES) in conjunction with transmission X-ray nano computed tomography (TXM-nanoCT) experiments on the LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC) cathode electrode. To minimize radiation-induced damage to the sample during charge and discharge cycles and to gain a comprehensive 3D perspective of the (de)lithiation process of the active material, we propose a novel approach that relies on employing only three energy levels, strategically positioned at pre-edge, edge, and post-edge. By adopting this technique, we successfully track the various (de)lithiation states within the three-dimensional space during partial cycling. Furthermore, we are able to extract the nanoscale lithium distribution within individual secondary particles. Our observations reveal the formation of a core-shell structure during lithiation and we also identify that not all surface areas of the particles exhibit activity during the process. Notably, lithium intercalation exhibits a distinct preference, leading to non-uniform lithiation degrees across different electrode locations. The proposed methodology is not limited to the NMC cathode electrode but can be extended to study realistic dedicated electrodes with high active material (AM) density, facilitating exploration and quantification of heterogeneities and inhomogeneous lithiation within such electrodes. This multi-scale insight into the (de)lithiation process and lithiation heterogeneities within the electrodes is expected to provide valuable knowledge for optimizing electrode design and ultimately enhancing electrode performance in the context of material science and battery materials research.
Engineering students’ challenges and coping strategies in English-medium instruction: a Q methodology study
Authors: Charoenpornsook Vararin , Thumvichit Athip
Published: October 2023

Using Q methodology, this study examines the challenges in English-medium instruction (EMI) and corresponding coping strategies among engineering students. The participants included 47 current and former undergraduate engineering students at a Thai university. The findings revealed three factors, each representing a distinct combination of challenges and coping strategies. The first factor represents students who encountered unfamiliar characteristics of instructors, yet they adopted an emotion-focused approach, treating these unfamiliarities as opportunities. The second factor pertains to the complexity of writing tasks due to limited vocabulary and grammar deficiencies, which were addressed by using various learning resources to enhance their writing skills. The third factor highlights the limited opportunities for spoken English communication within the programs, yet students remained positive, acknowledging the overall benefits of their participation. The findings offer valuable insights for the development of EMI engineering programs that cater to the unique needs of students.
Longitudinal adaptive immune profiling of vaccinated children reveals correlates of protection against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Youjia Zhong , Kang Alicia , Tay Carina , Li Hui’ En , Elyana Nurul , Lim Joey , Bert Nina Le , Chan Kuan Rong , Ong Eugenia , Low Jenny , Shek Lynette , Tham Elizabeth , Ooi Eng Eong
Published: October 2023

The development of evidence-based COVID-19 vaccination policies for new birth cohorts is hindered by the lack of systematic examination of the protective capacity of elements of adaptive immunity besides neutralising antibodies. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a longitudinal cohort study of healthy 5- to 12-year-olds vaccinated with BNT162b2. We serially measured binding and neutralising antibody titres, Spike (S)-specific memory B cell (MBC) and S-reactive T cell responses over 1 year; SARS-CoV-2 infections were ascertained using antigen rapid tests, and serological and cellular responses against nucleocapsid. We found that children mounted antibody, MBC and T cell responses after 2 doses, with continual expansion of SARS-CoV-2 variant neutralising capacity up to 1 year in the absence of wild-type infection. A booster (third) dose only improved neutralising antibody titres without impacting MBC and T cell responses. Hybrid immunity was greater in those infected after 2 vaccine doses than those infected before dose 2. Binding IgG titres, MBC and T cell responses were predictive of protection against symptomatic infection prior to attaining hybrid immunity; neutralising antibody titres only correlated with protection after hybrid immunity. The stable MBC and T cell responses over time suggest sustained protection against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, even when antibody levels wane.
Comparative Analysis of Viral Load Quantification Using RT-PCR and Digital Droplet PCR
Authors: Cabral Paula Gebe Abreu , de Souza Sávio Bastos , Arruda Raul Ferraz , Cabral Sheila Passos de Figueiredo , de Assis Arícia Leone Evangelista Monteiro , Junior Antônio Brazil Viana , Silva Renato Martins da
Published: October 2023

In the year 2019, a highly virulent coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged, precipitating the outbreak of the illness known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The commonly employed reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methodology serves to estimate the viral load in each patient's sample by employing a standard curve. However, it is imperative to recognize that this technique exhibits limitations with respect to clinical diagnosis and therapeutic applications, since an advancement of the conventional polymerase chain reaction methods, digital polymerase chain reaction (digital PCR or ddPCR), enables the direct quantification and clonal amplification of nucleic acid strands. The primary divergence between dPCR and traditional PCR resides in their approaches to measuring nucleic acid quantities. In this study, we investigated the viral loads of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) within 461 participants. By employing both RT-qPCR and ddPCR techniques, we established a comparison between the quantification methodologies of the two approaches. Our findings illustrate that the quantification through ddPCR affords a superior means of monitoring viral load within lower respiratory tract samples, thus enhancing the assessment of disease progression, particularly in scenarios characterized by low viral loads.
Relationship of valproic acid, hepatosteatosis and serum betatrophin
Authors: Cetin Huriye , Cokyaman Turgay , Ertem Şenay Bengin , Şehitoğlu Hilal , Doğan Durmuş
Published: October 2023

Purpose:With weight gain and/or obesity, adipocytokine levels in the blood change and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) develops. In this study, we aimed to evaluate how serum betatrophin and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) are affected in children receiving valproic acid (VPA) monotherapy and whether shear wave elastography (SWE) accurately detects NAFLD in these patients.
Methods:Children aged 8-18 years with a diagnosis of epilepsy who received VPA monotherapy for at least 6 months (A group) and overweight and/or obese children (B group) in the similar age range were included in the study. Demographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI), epilepsy type, VPA dose-blood level and duration of use, HOMA-IR, serum lipid and betatrophin levels and liver SWE measurements were made.
Results:In our study, there were 36 cases in group A and 40 cases in group B. In the A group, 60% of the patients were diagnosed with generalized epilepsy and the mean VPA exposure time was 4 years. Body weight, BMI, insulin, ALT, HOMA-IR and lipids were found to be statistically significantly higher in group B.Interestingly, serum betatrophin was found to be high in group A. Hepatomegaly and hepatosteatosis were more common in group B, but SWE measurements were not different between the two groups.
Conclusion:VPA is still a reliable antiseizure drug in children in relatively low doses and long-term use. Serum betatrophin can be used together with SWE in the follow-up of weight gain and for early detection in those with the potential to develop NAFLD.
Small Body Precise Orbit Determination Toolkit（SPOT） and its application
Authors: Jianguo Yan , Wutong Gao , Bo Wang , Shangbiao Sun , Wanling Yang , Barriot Jean-Pierre
Published: October 2023

The orbiting and positioning of probes in deep-space exploration missions cannot be separated from the support of a software platform for precise orbit determination. The development of a software platform is essential in engineering and scientific applications. Thus, the Wuhan University planetary geodesy group has independently developed a software platform, called Small Body Precise Orbit Determination Toolkit (SPOT), in response to the demand for spacecraft precise orbit determination. Moreover, based on the goal of serving the first asteroid exploration mission to be implemented in China will enrich China's scientific radio science outputs. This paper briefly introduces the design concept, core structure, and main functions of SPOT, and subsequently focuses on some simulation experiments and real tracking data analysis based on SPOT. The functionality and self-consistency of the SPOT were verified through simulation experiments, and construction of some new measurement models and inversions of small body gravity fields. The reliability of the software platform was further verified from the processing of radio tracking data and landmark data from the Rosetta mission, as well as from the Neptunian gravity estimated from the motion of Triton based on astrometric observations. The computational efficiency and accuracy of SPOT have reached international equivalent level.
Plasmon-Enhanced Deep-Subwavelength Lateral Nanowire Solar Cells
Authors: Li Yao , Zha Chaofei , Yan Xin , Yuan Xueguang , Zhang Yangan , Zhang Jinnan , Zhang Xia
Published: October 2023

High performance deep-subwavelength lateral GaAs nanowire solar cells decorated with Au nanoblocks are proposed and studied through coupled three-dimensional optoelectronic simulations. The results show that Au nanoblocks significantly improve the absorption for TE polarized light mainly due to the excitation of localized surface plasmon. Surface local and near-field enhancement are two unique properties of surface plasmon, which concentrate light and transfer energy to nanowires. In addition, the absorption cutoff wavelength is remarkably extended due to the effect of localized surface plasmon resonance which enhances the confinement of long-wavelength modes for deep-subwavelength nanowires. For the nanowire with diameter less than 150 nm, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved by 37%~43% after introducing Au nanoblocks, which can reach 12% for 90 nm-diameter nanowire. This work provides a feasible way for the advancement of high-performance deep-subwavelength nanoscale solar cells.
Factors contributing to antibiotic misuse among parents of school-going children in Dhaka City, Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md. Wahidul , Shahjahan Muhibullah , Azad Abul Kalam , Hossain Md. Jubayer
Published: October 2023

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a pressing global health concern, especially in constrained-resource countries such as Bangladesh. This study aimed to identify the factors contributing to antibiotic misuse by assessing knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP). A cross-sectional study was conducted from August 20 to August 30, 2022, among 704 parents of school-going children in Dhaka South City. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze KAP, and multivariate models, including linear and ordinal logistic regression, were used to explore the associations between these factors. The findings revealed that approximately 22% of the participants were male and 78% were female. Most parents (58%) had completed higher secondary education. Approximately 45% of respondents demonstrated moderate knowledge, 53% held uncertain attitudes, and 64% exhibited antibiotic misuse. Factors such as parental age, educational level, employment status, income, child's age, and family type significantly influenced KAP. These findings emphasize the importance of targeted education and awareness initiatives to enhance knowledge and responsible antibiotic use among parents, contributing to global efforts against antibiotic resistance. The government should enforce laws and regulations regarding antibiotic misuse.
Transition from natal downs to juvenile feathers: conserved regulatory switches in Neoaves
Authors: Li Wen-Hsiung , Chuong Cheng Ming , Chen Chih-Kuan , Wu Ping , Jiang Ting-Xin , Harn Hans I-Chen , Liu Tzu-Yu , Yu Zhou , Lu Jiayi , Chang Yao-Ming , Yue Zhicao , Lin Jinnjy , Vu Trieu-Duc , Huang Tao-Yu , Ng Chen Siang
Published: October 2023

The transition from natal downs for heat conservation to juvenile feathers for simple flight is a remarkable environmental adaptation process in avian evolution. However, the underlying epigenetic mechanism for this primary feather transition is mostly unknown. Here we conducted time-ordered gene co-expression network construction, epigenetic analysis, and functional perturbations in developing feather follicles to elucidate four downy-juvenile feather transition events. We discovered that LEF1 works as a key hub of Wnt signaling to build rachis and converts radial downy to bilateral symmetry. Extracellular matrix reorganization leads to peripheral pulp formation, which mediates epithelial - mesenchymal interactions for branching morphogenesis. ACTA2 compartments dermal papilla stem cells for feather cycling. Novel usage of scale keratins strengthens feather sheath with SOX14 as the epigenetic regulator. We found this primary feather transition largely conserved in chicken (precocious) and zebra finch (altricial) and discussed the possibility that this evolutionary adaptation process started in feathered dinosaurs.
mid-DeepLabv3+ : A Novel Approach for Image Semantic Segmentation applied to African Food Dietary Assessment
Authors: EREP Thierry Roland BABAN A , CHAARI Lotfi , ELE Pierre , SOBNGWI Eugene
Published: October 2023

Recent decades have seen the development of vision-based dietary assessment systems (VBDA). These systems generally consist of three main stages: food image analysis, portion estimation and nutrient derivation. The effectiveness of the initial step is highly dependent on the use of accurate segmentation and image recognition models, and the availability of high-quality training datasets. Food image segmentation still faces various challenges, while most existing research has focused mainly on Asian and Western food images. For this reason, this study is based on food images from sub-Saharan Africa, which pose their own problems, such as inter-class similarity and dishes presentation with mixed-class food. This work focuses on the first stage of VBDA, where we introduce two notable contributions. Firstly, we propose mid-DeepLabv3+, an enhanced food image segmentation model based on DeepLabv3+ with a ResNet50 backbone. Our approach involves adding a middle layer in the decoder path and SimAM attention mechanism after each extracted backbone features layers. Secondly, we present CamerFood10, the first food images dataset specifically designed for sub-Saharan African food segmentation. It includes 10 classes of most consumed food items in Cameroon. On our dataset, mid-DeepLabv3+ outperforms existing image segmentation benchmark models with an mIoU (mean Intersection over Union) of 65.20\%, representing more than +10.74\% improvement over the DeepLabv3+ with the same backbone.
Study of failure consequences and visualization of buried gas pipelines
Authors: Kang Yong , Ma Shuye , Wu Zhuang , Zhao Mengmeng , Xia Xiaoxue
Published: October 2023

In recent years, accidents on buried gas pipelines have happened often in China's cities, mostly when moving natural gas. Natural gas is primarily transported by buried gas pipeline networks, and natural gas pipeline leakage has explosive and flammable properties. It can cause environmental pollution and resource loss, and even cause serious harm to people's lives and a lot of property damage. This paper presents a method for visualizing the consequences of buried gas pipeline accidents based on FLACS software and applies the method to the "7.4" gas pipeline leakage and explosion accident in Songyuan, Jilin. The accident was studied by numerical simulation and visualization of its consequences. The method combines numerical simulation data with mapping software to more precisely recreate the explosion's danger zone and use visualization to analyze the consequences of the gas pipeline network accident. Therefore, the method has some theoretical and practical significance for the risk prevention and accident consequences of urban buried gas pipelines.
Utilizing Deep Learning Algorithm and Image Processing Techniques for the Localization and Quantitative Analysis of Infographics in Resumes
Authors: Nazar Talha , Kausar Shujaat Hussain
Published: October 2023

Infographics have proven to be more effective than traditional prose in conveying complex subjects. In recent years deep learning approaches have demonstrated their capability in an array of applications, including image identification, which encompasses pattern recognition and the application of artificial intelligence. A variety of infographics are employed in order to gauge skills in resumes. The aim of this study is to identify the existing infographics present in resume, locate the associated text pertaining to each infographic, and subsequently quantify each infographic with numerical values. For the purpose of detecting infographics, the You Only Look Once (YOLO) algorithm was utilized, while the Optical Character Recognition (OCR) was applied for detecting the associated text. The differentiation between the filled and empty sections of the infographic was accomplished through the implementation of image intensity histogram analysis, thresholding, and contouring.
Integrated using UMI-77 and Curcumin Synergistic Treating Osteosarcoma by Targeting a Cuproptosis-Related Prognostic Model
Authors: Fu Zhaoyu , Wang Nan , Ren Jia , Kong Yuanhang , Yang Jihao , Su Gao , Yang Guohui
Published: October 2023

Background
Among malignant bone sarcomas, osteosarcoma (OS) is the most frequent among young people. In recent studies, cuproptosis has been shown to play an important role in tumor progression. Evidence demonstrates that the combinatorial treatment with traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine improves the therapeutic effect on cancer, including OS. However, the combinatorial treatment targeting cuproptosis for OS remains elusive.
Materials and Methods
LASSO regression analysis was employed to establish and evaluate a cuproptosis-related prognostic model. The CIBERSORT algorithm was performed to demonstrate the significant differences in immune cell infiltration between low- and high-risk groups. Next, the CellMiner database was used to obtain potential drugs which target the risk score-related genes. Finally, we performed the network pharmacology and molecular docking studies to explore the combination of Chinese and western medicine on treatment of osteosarcoma.
Results
We found that the Chinese medicine, curcumin, and the western medicine, UMI-77 synergistic treating OS both in vivo and vitro. LASSO regression analysis was employed to establish and evaluate a cuproptosis-related prognostic model. Moreover, the CIBERSORT algorithm was performed to demonstrate the significant differences in immune cell infiltration between low- and high-risk groups. Notably, prognostic genes were related to 106 drugs obtained from the CellMiner database. Network pharmacology and molecular docking studies demonstrated that curcumin, the main active ingredient of curcumaelongae Rhizoma, targeted the suppressor gene, CLTC.
Conclusion
Our findings demonstrated that the combination of curcumin and UMI possess certain effect on osteosarcoma. And this study provides a theoretical framework for the integration of traditional Chinese medicine with western medicine for treating OS.
A Sustainable Energy Approach for Pumping and Irrigation in the Barind Region of Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Md. Sanowar , Chowdhury Miftahul Mobin , Das Barun K. , Islam Mohammad Rofiqul , Kibria Md. Golam , Banik Sujan
Published: October 2023

The continuous use of fossil fuels has prompted scientists and researchers to convert to renewable sources for powering water pumps. By converting sunlight into electrical energy, the photovoltaic (PV) panels are able to drive the water pump or produce electricity through an inverter. Over the past few years, scientists have been working on developing more efficient solar-powered water pumps. A summary of existing research and development activities for developing a dependable and cost-effective solar irrigation system is described in this study. The paper outlines Bangladesh's present irrigation scenario, the problems associated with solar irrigation systems, and government policies and actions promoting solar irrigation. The main objectives and aims of the proposed project are to develop an efficient standalone hybrid solar PV-pyro-oil generator-based water pumping system for the Barind tract and off-grid remote areas. Moreover, the techno-econo-environmental feasibility of the proposed project has also been evaluated. The total life cycle cost and investment payback period of the 20-year project were found to be 14,377.32 dollars and 7.04 years, respectively. Moreover, the project's internal rate of return and CO2 reduction potential were found to be 21% and 197.1 tons, respectively. Therefore, the project is sustainable and feasible, which provides a guideline for researchers and investors.
Inductive nanopore synapse element for iontronic neuromorphic computing
Authors: Bisquert Juan , Ramirez Patricio , Bou Agustin , Cervera Javier
Published: October 2023

The rapid expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies necessitates the resolution of data handling and storage limitations inherent in the von Neumann computer architecture. Drawing inspiration from biology, which initially sparked the development of artificial neural networks, we explore a new avenue in computer architecture known as neuromorphic computing. Based on the emergence of iontronic fluidic ionic/electronic components, here we show the application of a nanopore ionic rectifier as a synapse element that exhibits conductance modulation in response to a train of voltage impulses, producing programmable resistive states. The memristive properties and their connection to hysteresis phenomena are elucidated by the combined analysis in time and frequency domains. Notably, our findings underscore the prevalence of an inductor mechanism, which arises from the interplay between fast and slow conduction modes. The activation time of this mechanism governs the biomimetic attributes of synaptic conductance potentiation, depression, and paired pulse facilitation. This innovative approach enables the creation of high-fidelity memory elements reminiscent of biological systems and holds promise for significantly enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of AI systems.
Accessing Eye-level Greenness Visibility from Open-Source Street View Images: A methodological development and implementation in multi-city and multi-country contexts
Authors: Sánchez Ilse Abril Vázquez , Labib SM
Published: October 2023

The urban natural environment provides numerous benefits, including augmenting the aesthetic appeal of urban landscapes and improving mental wellbeing. While diverse methods have been used to evaluate urban greenery, the assessment of eye-level greenness visibility using street-view level images is emerging due to its greater compatibility with human perception. Many existing studies predominantly rely on proprietary street view images provider such as Google Street View (GSV) data; the usage restrictions and lack of alignment with FAIR (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability) principles present challenges in using proprietary images at scale. Therefore, incorporating Volunteered Street View Imagery (VSVI) platforms, such as Mapillary, is emerging as a promising alternative. In this study, we present a scalable and reproducible methodological framework for utilising Mapillary images for Green View Index (GVI) assessment using image segmentation approach and evaluate the completeness and usefulness of such data in diverse geographical contexts, including seven cities (i.e., Amsterdam, City of Melbourne, Dhaka, Kampala, Mexico City, Seattle, and Tel Aviv). We also evaluate the use of globally available satellite-based vegetation indices (e.g., Normalised Difference Vegetation Index-NDVI) to estimate GVI in locations where street-view images are unavailable. Our approach demonstrates the applicability of Mapillary data for GVI assessments, although revelling considerable disparities in image availability and usability between cities located in developed and developing countries. We also identified that the NDVI could be used effectively to estimate GVI values in locations where direct street-level imagery is limited. Additionally, the analysis reveals notable differences in greenness visibility across cities, particularly in high-density, lower-income cities in Africa and South Asia, compared to low-density, high-income cities in the USA and Europe.
Radon Concentration Potential and Radiological Health Risks in Benue South Groundwater Sources
Authors: Ichoja Andrew , Agboola Oludare , Danladi Eli , Hashim Suhairul , Nuhu Habila , Emmanuel Adejo O. , Onoja Emmanuel Daniel , Onwoke Elijah E.
Published: October 2023

The attendant health consequences arising from both the consumption of thawed radon and the inhalation of released radon air and its progenies emanating from the various drinking water sources in our community underscores the relevance of the current research. This pioneering study attempts to evaluate the Rn-222 concentration, the annual committed effective dose (ACED) and the related health risk factors of randomly selected 26 water samples from Apa and Agatu Local Government Areas (LGAs), Benue South, Nigeria. The results of the analysis via liquid scintillation counter, revealed the highest radon values of 13.365±1.065 Bq/l and 18.248±1.740 Bq/l for well water samples higher than the action level of 11.1 Bq/l by USEPA were found in the villages of Apa and Agatu LGAs respectively, while 5.551±0.479 Bq/l lower than the tolerance limit was recorded for the surface water samples. The annual committed effective doses estimated for the different ICRP age groups (3 months, 1 year, 5 years, 10 years, 15 years and above 17 years) were below the acceptable 1 mSv/y baseline but displayed a significant and consistent rise with the age and water consumption frequency of the populace. Excess life cancer risks (ELCR) and the induced lung cancer cases per year per million persons (LCC) for ingestion and inhalation of radon by the inhabitants of the study areas were calculated. ELCRing and ELCRinh mean values of the radionuclide showed different variations below the standard reference line. The average values recorded for the lung cancer cases due to ingestion and inhalation of radon (LCCing) and (LCCinh) and the probability of an individual developing cancer over a lifetime exposure to radioactive element (ELCR) were found to be significantly lower than the suggested 170–230 per year per million persons and 0.29 mSv/y global mean value respectively. This implies that the evaluated radon parameters for ingestion and inhalation in the study areas do not pose any immediate radiological health effects to members of the public but periodic monitoring of the quality of the groundwater sources should be encouraged.
Neutronic Chain Reactions for Polonium-210 Production
Authors: Lim Solomon
Published: October 2023

The production of the industrially significant radionuclide polonium-210 from the neutron irradiation of bismuth metal and the subsequent beta decay of bismuth-210 is highly inefficient due to the small neutron capture cross section of bismuth-209. In this paper, we report a previously undescribed self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction involving self-propagating neutron multiplication in bismuth salts that allow for rapid and cost-effective production of polonium-210. The reaction proceeds in a cycle of three alternating elementary steps – the capture of neutrons by bismuth-209 and the subsequent formation of polonium-210, the emission of high-energy alpha particles by polonium-210, and the production of more neutrons from (α,n) and (n,2n) reactions on light element and bismuth-209 nuclei respectively. Furthermore, the high hydrogen density of the compound also confers it intrinsic neutron moderation properties, increasing the neutron capture cross section of bismuth-209 at thermal neutron energies. The chain reaction was proven to have successfully occurred by irradiating a sample of the bismuth salt with a 80 µCi neutron source and monitoring the activity levels of the reaction. It was found that the activity of the reaction increased exponentially after an initial stable period following a derived formula for polonium production trends for the reaction, thus validating the occurrence of the reaction. Furthermore, alpha spectroscopy confirmed that polonium-210 had been produced by characterising the 5.30 MeV alpha emission peak of the reaction in addition to using beta spectroscopy to identify the parent nuclide bismuth-210, further proving that the reaction was successful. Hence, this paper reports the successful initiation and characterisation of a novel nuclear chain reaction, and its potential applications offered by a method of rapidly producing large quantities of polonium-210.
Green Energy Transition Using Torrefied and Treated Biomass in Indian Thermal Power Plants
Authors: Kulshreshtha Amit , Mallik Shuvadip , Saxena Kanchan , Dhakate Sanjay
Published: October 2023

The present work examines the prospects of using biomass-based fuels for the complete replacement of coal in Indian pulverized coal thermal power plants (PC-TPPs) without substantial plant modifications. Replacing coal with biomass-based fuel is the fastest way to green energy transition with several associated benefits like air quality improvement, waste elimination, and reduction of other harmful emissions. It also avoids the need for storage peculiar to high levels of renewable grid integration using solar and wind. However, substituting biomass-based fuels for coal requires them to have similar properties. We investigated torrefaction and washing of biomass wastes with parameter and treatment variations. Results indicate that the fuel properties of rice straw after torrefaction and washing resemble domestic Indian coal, and it can potentially replace the coal completely in large thermal power plants. Similarly, other biomasses studied, viz. Lantana camara, grass and tree leaf litter can replace imported coal.
Innovations in a Modern Engineering Enterprise in the Context of Industry 4.0 Strategy
Authors: Hricová Romana , Madzinová Renáta
Published: October 2023

Innovations are an essential part of business management in modern society. In addition to large enterprises and research and development centers, small and medium-sized enterprises also hide great innovative potential. Moreover, it is precisely the innovations that lead businesses to permanent growth and prosperity. In addition, from the point of view of Industry 4.0, innovation must be considered as an essential part of the functioning of a modern enterprise, regardless of its size. The article compares statistical indicators that capture enterprises’ innovative activity or inactivity in the Slovak Republic. Enterprises that want to define themselves as innovative should have a suitably prepared and functioning environment, while internal and external conditions are essential. However, it turns out that Slovakian companies have not created suitable conditions for innovation, and in the long term, their interest in innovation is declining. At the same time, because of the industrial revolution, many professions are also changing, and the demands for specific knowledge are not only growing for the newly created ones, but they will also require an active approach to changes, i.e., innovations. Companies must introduce an innovative approach in the education process itself, and as it shows, it will not be possible without a systemic approach.
Comparing Blended E-Learning and Conventional Classroom Methods in Teaching the Basic Statistics Subject
Authors:   Institut Latihan Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia Sultan Azlan Shah, Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia, Perak, Malaysia, Tan King Fang , Ahmad Sabari Marziyana ,   Institut Latihan Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia Sultan Azlan Shah, Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia, Perak, Malaysia, Osran Shamatul Aida ,   Institut Latihan Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia Sultan Azlan Shah, Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia, Perak, Malaysia, Noh Nurulhuda ,   Institut Latihan Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia Sultan Azlan Shah, Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia, Perak, Malaysia, Ahmad Fuad Azizul Amir ,   Institut Latihan Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia Sultan Azlan Shah, Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia, Perak, Malaysia
Published: October 2023

Blended e-learning is a highly interactive approach. This study explores the effectiveness of blended e-learning in teaching statistics compared to the conventional classroom. A retrospective record review using the final assessment score data was conducted. A total of 111 students from the advanced diploma programmes who attended the Basic Statistics class from the blended e-learning group and conventional classroom were recruited by universal sampling. Descriptive data were presented in mean (standard deviation) and frequency (percentage). Univariable analyses used the independent samples t-test and Pearson’s chi-squared test. Factors influencing the final assessment score were analysed using simple and multiple linear regression. A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The finding showed that students who underwent blended e-learning teaching methods had a significantly higher assessment score than conventional classroom methods—88.78% and 81.90%, respectively. The assessment score was significantly reduced by 1.14 with an increase in age in this study. The multiple linear regression showed that age and teaching methods were the significant predictive factors of the assessment scores. Students in the blended e-learning group had a seven times higher assessment score compared to the conventional classroom (with a regression coefficient of 7.43 [95% confidence interval 3.61, 11.25]; p < 0.001). In conclusion, the blended e-learning method was shown to be more effective in teaching and learning the Basic Statistics subject, with its ability to cater to students with different learning speeds. Transformation in teaching methods is crucial to improving the teaching and learning experience and quality of education.
Medical Student’s Experiences of Training on Simulated and Real Patients in Education: A Qualitative Exploration
Authors:   Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka, Kodikara Kaumudee , Senaviratne Thilanka ,   Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, Premaratna Ranjan ,   Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
Published: October 2023

Patient interaction is a key learning experience in undergraduate medical education. An actual or simulated/standardised patient (SP) can be used for this purpose. Although both real patients and SPs have inherent advantages and disadvantages, the value of SPs, as opposed to real patients, is recognised as an important area warranting research. The objective of this study was to explore the students’ perception of using real patients and SPs in their education. Six focus group interviews were conducted using medical undergraduates in the third, fourth, and fifth (final) year batches of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, from July to October 2020. The interviews were thematically analysed. All the participants considered real patient encounters more authentic than SP encounters. The students identified many strengths of SP interactions. SP encounters enabled them to prepare for real patient encounters. In particular, the participants appreciated the opportunity to practice communication skills with SPs. Students valued the feedback provided by SPs. The students identified real patient encounters enabled learning physical examination skills and procedural skills. Interestingly, most identified real patient encounters as more instructive, and some students identified that “the nervousness and anxiety” associated with real patient encounters helps improve selfconfidence. Students identified specific strengths and weaknesses in both real patient encounters and SP encounters. Participants appreciated SP encounters explicitly for learning communication skills and preparing for real patient encounters. Real patient encounters were valued for learning and improving clinical skills. The findings of the study support harnessing these specific strengths of each encounter and, thus, incorporating both in undergraduate medical education.
„Der Geist erhebt nicht, sondern zerfleischt.“ – E. M. Ciorans Klages-Rezeption
Authors: Reschika Richard
Published: October 2023

É. M. Cioran (1911. – 1995.) je kao mladi rumunjski stipendist zaklade Alexandera von Humboldta krajem 1933. imao priliku poslušati gostujuće predavanje Ludwiga Klagesa (1872. – 1956.) na sveučilištu Friedricha Wilhelma u Berlinu. Klagesova životna filozofija, prije svega njegova biocentrička metafizika, naročito kako se o njoj raspravlja u njegovom, tada tek objavljenom, glavnom djelu Duh kao protivnik duše (1929/1932), kod Ciorana je ostavila duboke tragove. Klagesovi se središnji filozofemi kroz Cioranova djela protežu poput crvene niti: od prodiranja duha u život, poput demona, u davnim vremenima, i s njim povezanim nastankom bolne, zato što izolirajuće svijesti, preko razvoja racionalno-logično-kauzalnog razmišljanja i stvaranja volje, sve do zaluđenosti izvedivošću i čovjekovim napretkom, koja pomoću znanosti i tehnike neminovno vodi k apokaliptičnom uništenju. Tumači Cioranova stvaralaštva jesu zapazili opći utjecaj Klagesove filozofije, no razmjer i domet ove posebne povijesti recepcije dosad su bili neotkriveni.
Reconceiving the Conceivability Argument for Dualism in the Philosophy of Mind
Authors: Maung Hane Htut
Published: October 2023

U filozofskoj literaturi o svijesti i problemu odnosa uma i tijela, argument pojmljivosti protiv fizikalizma obično se uzima kao podrška obliku dualizma između fizikalnosti i fenomenalnosti. Obično se rasprava usredotočuje na kvalitativni karakter iskustva, što je fenomenalni osjećaj određenog iskustva. Nasuprot tome, subjektivni karakter iskustva – tj. njegova individuacija danom subjektu u prvom licu – nastoji se ostaviti po strani. Cilj je ovog rada predstaviti novu i snažniju verziju argumenta pojmljivosti za dualizam koji se poziva na subjektivni karakter iskustva. Oslanjajući se na uvide filozofa u fenomenološkoj tradiciji, konceptualiziram subjektivni karakter iskustva u prvom licu kao transcendentalni uvjet mogućnosti fenomenalnosti koji se ne može svesti na činjenice trećeg lica o fizičkom svijetu. S obzirom na to, problem uma i tijela koji se odnosi na svijest ne tiče se samo nemogućnosti skupa fizičkih činjenica o stanju mozga da uhvati kvalitativni karakter iskustva nego i egzistencijalnog pitanja o tome zašto je to stanje mozga uopće popraćeno subjektivnošću prvog lica. To nam omogućuje da ponovno zamislimo argument pojmljivosti na način koji predstavlja jaču argumentaciju za dualizam od tradicionalne verzije argumenta.
Changes in anthocyanins, total phenolics, total flavonoid, and antioxidant activity of Karanda fruit at different stages of maturity
Authors: Boontang Surasak , Simla Sakunkan
Published: October 2023

Karanda (Carissa carandas L.) is mostly eaten raw and contains numerous phytochemicals and high antioxidant capacity. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the Karanda fruit’s developmental stages on its phytochemical contents, antioxidant capacity, and volatile compounds. The study herein examined three developmental stages; unripe, semi-ripe, and ripe, based on their stage of maturity as observed in their color and texture. Phytochemical properties; including pH, titratable acidity, vitamin C contents, total soluble solid, total phenolic contents, total flavonoid content, anthocyanin contents, and antioxidant capacity (determined through FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS) were measured. Our results found significant differences in the phytochemical properties in each stage of development. Ripe fruits had the highest pH, total soluble solid, anthocyanin content, and antioxidant capacity determined by FRAP. Thirteen volatile compounds were identified in the fruit samples: eight compounds within the unripe fruits, nine within the semi-ripe fruits, and seven compounds were present in the fully ripe fruits. Alanine ethyl amide and acetic acid were major volatile compounds found in unripe and semi-ripe fruits, whereas tartronic acid was present in the fully ripe fruit. We may conclude that the ripe stage of development, having the highest phytochemical contents and antioxidant activity, is most suitable for harvest and most beneficial for human health. The information obtained in this study will be useful for the efficient utilization of Karanda fruit
Do Stimulate® and Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed promote the morphophysiological characteristics of Cordia alliodora seedlings?
Authors: Souza Aline das Graças , Smiderle Oscar José , Maia Sonicley da Silva
Published: October 2023

Biostimulants in native forest seedlings, when absorbed and assimilated by plants, can function as activators or inhibitors of their metabolic and physiological processes. In view of the above, the present study establishes the following research problem: Can doses of Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed extract and Stimulate® be effective in the promotion of initial growth and morphophysiological indices of Cordia alliodora seedlings? The experimental design used was completely randomized, in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme, corresponding to four doses (0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 ml L-1) and two hormones (Ascophyllum nodosum and Stimulate®), with five replicates, each of which composed of five seedlings (one in each container). The morphological variables evaluated were shoot height (H), stem diameter (SD), increments in stem diameter (ΔSD) and shoot height (ΔH), shoot dry mass (SDM, g plant-1), root dry mass (RDM, g plant-1), total dry mass (TDM, g plant-1), and Dickson Quality Index (DQI). Physiological variables were: net assimilation rate (EA, g.m-2.day-1), leaf relative growth rate (RA, g.m-2.day-1), leaf area ratio (FA, m2.g-1), specific leaf area (SA, cm2.g-1) and leaf mass ratio (Fw, g.g-1). The bioregulator Ascophyllum nodosum at dose of 0.2 ml L-1 promotes increments in height (ΔH) and stem diameter (ΔSD) of Cordia alliodora seedlings. Ascophyllum nodosum at dose of 0.2 ml L-1 has positive influence on the physiological indices studied in Cordia alliodora seedlings at 120 days after transplanting. The bioregulator Stimulate® at dose of 0.6 ml L-1 is not indicated to obtain Cordia alliodora seedlings with better quality and sturdiness and shorter nursery time. The bioregulator Ascophyllum nodosum at dose of 0.2 ml L-1 is recommended to obtain increments in height (ΔH) and stem diameter (ΔSD) in Cordia alliodora seedlings
Income diversification strategies of rubber farmers in Southern Thailand: an empirical study
Authors: Longpichai Onanong , Ahmed Ferdoushi , kongmanee Chaiya
Published: October 2023

In Thailand, rubber is a very important cash crop of which nearly 95% is produced by smallholders. This study aims to investigate the income diversification strategies adopted by rubber farmers in Southern Thailand. Primary data was collected through a cross-sectional survey conducted in 12 sub-districts under six districts of three provinces (namely, Songkhla, Surat Thani and Trang) in Southern Thailand. A standardized questionnaire was used to receive responses from a total of 398 rubber smallholders selected randomly in the chosen areas (i.e. 12 sub-districts) for this study. The findings revealed that three income strategies, namely, rubber farm income only (R), rubber farm and non-farm income (RN), and combination of rubber farm, other farm, and non-farm income (RAN) were the dominant income strategies adopted by rubber farmers in Thailand. The study identified seven factors namely, age and education of household head, family size, land size holding, access to credit, land right and access to cooperative that had significant influence on income diversification strategies of the households. It was also revealed that rubber farmers with large household size are more likely to pursue all choices of income diversification strategies to increase their income. This might be due to the relation between larger family size and household labor or corresponding higher expenditure in the household. The study findings might be useful for policymakers to design and implement more effective policies to provide more income-generating ventures for rubber farmers in Thailand
Salvaging early generation seeds and enriching germplasm collection at the Genetic Resources Research Institute in Kenya
Authors: Muthoni Jane , Shimelis Hussein , Wasike Victor W. , Nyamongo D. O. , Kamau J.I. , Muchira D.K.
Published: October 2023

In Kenya, plant genetic resources are mainly conserved by Genetic Resources Research Institute (GeRRI). The institute (formerly known as the National Genebank of Kenya) has to date amassed slightly over 51,000 (fifty-one thousand) accessions. Recently, GeRRI sought to forestall loss of germplasm in the hands of plant breeders/researchers from various local institutions. This was achieved by reaching out to these researchers and securing genetic materials i.e. advanced selections, breeder, pre-basic or basic seeds that need conservation. In addition, GeRRI sensitized the researchers on the existence of its conservation facilities which can be utilized to safeguard research materials. Visits were made to KALRO centres and local universities to enlighten the researchers/lecturers on availability of conservation facilities at GeRRI and to develop terms of engagement concerning depositing of seeds for safe custody. During the visits, a short questionnaire was administered to researchers by the GeRRI team. The questionnaire helped in gathering information about the various activities the researchers were engaged in, their understanding of GeRRI and her facilities as well as the services she offers. Only about 28 % of KALRO respondents have ever requested seeds from GeRRI compared to 42 % from the universities. These low percentages could be due to the fact that some researchers are not aware of the germplasm holdings at GeRRI and/or the process of requesting for the seeds. In addition, fewer respondents (about 17 % from universities and 8 % from KALRO centres) have ever deposited their seeds with GeRRI previously. Most local researchers keep their orthodox seeds in stores in paper bags/gunny bags/plastic bottles at room temperature. This leads to rapid seed degeneration and increases the need for frequent regeneration. Both KALRO and university researchers lauded GeRRI for organising collection of these early generation seeds and also requested the institute to undertake similar activities regularly