bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MATLAB‐based educational software for exploratory data analysis (EDA toolkit)
Authors: Carrasco Fernández Juan José , Soria Olivas Emilio , Gómez Sanchis Juan , Serrano Antonio José , Soriano‐Asensi Antonio , Guerrero Martínez Juan F.
Published: November 2009

This article presents an educational software developed in order to enable engineering students to gain insight into data sets via the exploratory data analysis (EDA). This software has been developed using the MATLAB GUIDE tool. This article shows the program suitability for learning EDA in different engineering courses related to data analysis such as data mining or data processing courses. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 20: 313–320, 2012
A transparent and ubiquitous access framework for networking and embedded system laboratories
Authors: Li Yi‐Hsung , Dow Chyi‐Ren , Lin Cheng‐Min , Lin Pei‐Jung
Published: November 2009

With the advances in network technology and development of an e‐learning population, using the Internet to realize a distance laboratory has become prevalent and the distance laboratory can be accessed anytime from anywhere. However, it is difficult to present a seamless environment from the traditional physical laboratory into a distance laboratory. Practical devices in the traditional laboratory rarely supported distance access functions, and thus, constructing distance laboratories is difficult and time consuming. Hence, this work presents a distance laboratory framework with transparent and ubiquitous access platforms for various console‐based experiments, especially for networking and embedded system laboratories. The proposed system can support multiple users to access a device at the same time. Thus, students can easily share their experiences with each other to increase cooperative learning chances. Moreover, the proposed framework can be integrated to various distance laboratories and the user can access multiple platforms in one or several distance laboratories at the same time. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework can effectively improve the learning effect and the access platform can be used to increase the utilization of system resources. It can also reduce the cost of conducting laboratories and enhance student learning interest. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 20: 321–331, 2012
The SYNTAX score revisited: A reassessment of the SYNTAX score reproducibility
Authors: Garg Scot , Girasis Chrysafios , Sarno Giovanna , Goedhart Dick , Morel Marie‐Angèle , Garcia‐Garcia Hector M. , Bressers Marco , Es Gerrit‐Anne van , Serruys Patrick W.
Published: November 2009

Objectives: To reassess the reproducibility of the SYNTAX score. Background: The SYNTAX score appears to have an important role to play in the evaluation of patients with complex coronary artery disease undergoing revascularisation. However, the calculation of the SYNTAX score relies on the subjective assessment of lesions using coronary angiography, and therefore is subject to intra‐and inter‐observer variability. Methods: The SYNTAX score was calculated in 100 patients randomly selected from the SYNTAX trial, on two occasions 8 weeks apart, by a team made up of three interventional cardiologists. The weighted kappa values were compared with values obtained 1 year previously, when core lab analysts assessed the intra‐observer reproducibility amongst the same patient cohort. Results: The mean ± standard deviation difference in SYNTAX score was 2.1 ± 7.6. The respective weighted kappa values for the number of lesions, bifurcation lesions, ostial lesions, and total occlusions were 0.62, 0.36, 0.66, and 0.91 compared with 0.59, 0.41, 0.63, and 0.82 in the previous core lab assessment. The weighted kappa for the intra‐observer reproducibility of the SYNTAX score grouped into deciles was 0.54, and according to the terciles ≤22, >22–≤32, >32 was 0.51 both indicating a moderate level of agreement beyond the level of chance. In the previous assessment, the comparative kappa values were 0.45 and 0.53. Conclusions: The SYNTAX score has moderate intra‐observer reproducibility when assessed by a team of three interventional cardiologists, which is consistent with a prior evaluation performed by core lab analysts. The scoring of bifurcation lesions remains the main source of inconsistency. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Arterial access and door‐to‐balloon times for primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients presenting with acute ST‐elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Weaver Aaron N. , Henderson Rick A. , Gilchrist Ian C. , Ettinger Steven M.
Published: November 2009

Objectives: This study compares the transradial versus the transfemoral approach for time to intervention for patients presenting with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Background: Survival following STEMI is associated with reperfusion times (door‐to‐balloon; D2B). For patients undergoing primary PCI for acute STEMI, potential effects of transradial approach (r‐PCI) as compared with the femoral artery approach (f‐PCI) on D2B times have not been extensively studied. Methods: Consecutive patients presenting with STEMI at a tertiary care medical center were enrolled in a comprehensive—Heart Alert program (HA) and included in this analysis. Time parameters measured included: door‐to‐ECG, ECG‐to‐HA activation, HA activation‐to‐cath lab team arrival, patient arrival in cath lab to arterial access, and arterial access‐to‐balloon inflation. Results: Of 240 total patients, 205 underwent successful PCI (n = 124 r‐PCI; n = 116 f‐PCI). No significant difference was observed in the pre‐cath lab times. Mean case start times for r‐PCI took significantly longer (12.5 ± 5.4 min vs. 10.5 ± 5.7 min, P = 0.005) due to patient preparation. Once arterial access was obtained, balloon inflation occurred faster in the r‐PCI group (18.3 vs. 24.1 min; P < 0.001). Total time from patient arrival to the cardiac cath lab to PCI was reduced in the r‐PCI as compared to the f‐PCI group (28.4 vs. 32.7 min, P = 0.01). There was a small but statistical difference in D2B time (r‐PCI 76.4 min vs. f‐PCI 86.5 min P = 0.008). Conclusions: Patients presenting with STEMI can undergo successful PCI via radial artery approach without compromise in D2B times as compared to femoral artery approach. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Percutaneous therapy of acute on chronic lower extremity venous occlusive disease
Authors: Sharifi Mohsen , Mehdipour Mahshid
Published: November 2009

Venous thromboembolic disease is an underdiagnosed disease spectrum with a high mortality and morbidity. Despite significant advances in cardiovascular interventions, venous occlusive disease has not received the attention it deserves from the interventional cardiology community. We describe an 82‐year‐old man with massive left lower extremity DVT who underwent successful percutaneous endovenous intervention (PEVI) with rapid resolution of symptoms. We like to use this case as a call to action and raise awareness of the importance of PEVI in the treatment of extensive venous occlusive disease. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transaortic transcatheter aortic valve implantation: A novel approach for the truly “no‐access option” patients
Authors: Latsios George , Gerckens Ulrich , Grube Eberhard
Published: November 2009

Objectives: The aim of this study was to test the safety and efficacy of the retrograde, minimally invasive, “transaortic” approach of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) using the Medtronic CoreValve prosthesis (Medtronic, Minneapolis) as an alternative minimally invasive surgical access route. Background: TAVI is today recognized as an established percutaneous technique for patients with severe aortic valve stenosis (AS). However, as the number of patients screened for TAVI increases, many are found with absolutely no option for peripheral artery access. Methods: A new method of TAVI access, described as “transaortic” was performed in two patients A CoreValve prosthesis was implanted via the “transaortic” route. The patients were a 93‐ and a 84‐year‐old woman, both with severe PAOD. After a ministernotomy the ascending aorta was directly punctured. At the end, the access site was surgically sutured with the prepositioned sutures. The patients were at all times “off‐pump” (beating heart procedure) and without IABP. Results: TAVI was successful in both cases, leading to a fall in the transvalvular gradient and there were no cases of mortality, stroke or myocardial infarction. The patients were extubated directly after the procedure, mobilized after 4 days, and were discharged home after 7 and 9 days. Conclusions: In the rare occasion, where due to anatomical reasons transfemoral TAVI is not feasible, a minimally invasive “transaortic” approach, as described, provides an alternative option. This is especially true when the transapical route is not suitable (annulus >25 mm or contraindication to lateral thoracotomy). © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Percutaneous coronary intervention using a virtual 3‐Fr guiding catheter
Authors: Mizuno Shingo , Takeshita Satoshi , Taketani Yoshio , Saito Shigeru
Published: November 2009

Background: We have recently reported a novel percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) system using a hydrophilic‐coated sheathless guiding catheter (Virtual 3‐Fr, Medikit, Tokyo, Japan), which provides us with less invasive angioplasty and a puncture site injury equivalent to a conventional 3‐Fr introducer sheath. Here, we report the initial results of PCI using this novel system. Methods: A total of 36 coronary artery lesions of 27 patients were treated by using a virtual 3‐Fr PCI system. Procedural outcomes of virtual 3‐Fr PCI were retrospectively evaluated. Results: The mean age was 73.0 ± 8.7 years (range, 46–84 years), and 15 were men (56%). Access sites included the radial artery in 18 patients (67%), the brachial artery in eight patients (30%), and the femoral artery in 1 patients (4%). Among 36 lesions, seven were chronic total occlusions, and a virtual 3‐Fr PCI was successful in 33 lesions (92%). Among the successfully treated 33 lesions, coronary stents were deployed in 32 (97%), and intravascular ultrasound examination was performed in 19 (58%). Hemostasis was achieved immediately after PCIs in all cases. No access‐site related complications including radial artery occlusion were observed. Conclusions: The performance of a virtual 3‐Fr PCI system appears to be comparable to one using a regular 5‐Fr guiding catheter while the puncture‐site damage remains equivalent to that of a 3‐Fr introducer sheath. Virtual 3‐Fr PCI may have a potential to serve as a minimally invasive strategy for the treatment of coronary artery diseases. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Safety of drug eluting stents in patients on chronic anticoagulation using long‐term single antiplatelet treatment with clopidogrel
Authors: Pasceri Vincenzo , Patti Giuseppe , Pristipino Christian , Pelliccia Francesco , Irini Diego , Varveri Antonio , Roncella Adriana , Di Sciascio Germano , Speciale Giulio
Published: November 2009

Background: Use of triple therapy with aspirin, clopidogrel, and anticoagulants significantly increases bleeding, thus drug eluting stents (DES) are usually avoided in patients requiring anticoagulation. We tested use of DES vs. BMS using a long‐term therapy with clopidogrel only and anticoagulants in this group of patients. Methods: We enrolled 165 consecutive patients, 79 receiving DES (age 67 ± 9 years, 84% with atrial fibrillation) and 86 receiving bare metal stents (BMS) (age 70 ± 11 years, 71% with atrial fibrillation). All patients received aspirin + clopidogrel + oral anticoagulants for 4 weeks, then aspirin was stopped and clopidogrel was continued during the 12‐month follow‐up. Primary end point was the combined incidence of major adverse coronary events and major bleedings. Results: Incidence of the primary endpoint was 10.1% in patients with DES and 26.7% in patients with BMS (P = 0.01). There was a large difference in incidence of target vessel revascularization (8.1% for DES, 23.3% for BMS, P = 0.01), whereas incidence of myocardial infarction (3.8% in DES vs. 8.1% in BMS) and major bleeding (1.3% vs. 2.3%, respectively) were not significantly different. There were no cases of stent thrombosis. On multivariate Cox regression analysis, the only factor associated with a reduced risk of the primary endpoint was use of DES (hazard ratio 0.35 with 95% confidence interval 0.14–0.85, P = 0.02). Conclusions: Results of our cohort study suggest that use of DES associated with a treatment with clopidogrel only may be safe and significantly reduce the need for new revascularization in patients requiring chronic anticoagulation.© 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of trellis thrombectomy system in acute aortofemoral graft occlusion
Authors: Hanna Elias B. , Gupta Raghav , Hennebry Thomas A.
Published: November 2009

Acute aortofemoral graft occlusion is often effectively treated with endovascular therapy but a substantial proportion of patients experience failure or complications of this therapy, and most of them require definitive surgery for the underlying inflow, outflow, or graft disease. We describe a case of an aortofemoral graft occlusion that was successfully treated with the Trellis thrombectomy–thrombolysis system (Covidien, Dublin, Ireland). Subsequent stenting of the graft obviated the need for a definitive graft revision surgery. The Trellis system combines mechanical and local pharmacologic lysis of the thrombus, with more rapid and more effective thrombus dissolution and theoretically less risk of systemic dispersion of the thrombolytic agent and less bleeding. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In situ Monitoring of Coke Deposits during Coking and Regeneration of Solid Catalysts by Electrical Impedance‐based Sensors
Authors: Müller N. , Moos R. , Jess A.
Published: November 2009

The activity of solid catalysts is often substantially reduced by the formation of coke. The in situ monitoring of the coke load of catalyst particles could therefore be a controlling instrument of high value. Such sensors could be useful to measure the axial coke profile in a fixed bed reactor, both during coke formation and regeneration by coke burn‐off. As a contribution to the development of such sensors, single particles of an alumina oxide catalyst were used as a model system. The particles were electrically contacted and characterized by electrical impedance spectroscopy. The coke formation/burn‐off and the impedance were simultaneously measured in a magnetic suspension balance. A clear relationship between the coke loading and the respective electrical impedance signal could be observed, both during coke formation and during the regeneration by coke burn‐off. Kinetic studies were conducted to verify the influence of mass transfer limitations on the impedance signal.
A chemometric approach to the environmental problem of predicting toxicity in contaminated sediments
Authors: Alvarez‐Guerra Manuel , Ballabio Davide , Amigo José Manuel , Viguri Javier R. , Bro Rasmus
Published: November 2009

Sediments can act as sinks of multiple chemicals that accumulate over time and could represent a potentially significant hazard to the ecosystem and human health. The assessment of sediment quality, which is a complex task, usually involves, in its initial steps, the measurement of sediment contamination, followed by tests for assessing toxicity. This work presents a chemometric approach to tackle the challenging issue of linking concentrations of chemicals to the potential for observing toxicity in sediments. Various methods were applied to large databases of field‐collected chemical and biological effects data, including linear and quadratic discriminant analysis (LDA and QDA), partial least squares‐discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA), extended canonical variates analysis (ECVA), classification and regression trees (CART) and counter‐propagation artificial neural networks (CP‐ANN). LDA, QDA, PLS‐DA and ECVA showed very similar and satisfactory performances, but the best results were obtained with CP‐ANNs and CART. In any case, the developed models for predicting toxicity improved the classification performance compared to previous approaches, giving non‐error rates (NERs) in the range of 76.0–97.4. Moreover, the exploration of the internal structure of the models, jointly with the application of variable selection techniques, allowed the study of the importance of the 16 chemical contaminants considered, emphasizing Cu, followed by Zn, as the most discriminating variables for predicting toxicity in the developed models. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preterm labour and clinical hypnosis
Authors: Reinhard Joscha , Huesken‐Janßen Helga , Hatzmann Hendrike , Schiermeier Sven
Published: November 2009

Hypnosis may play an important role in reducing preterm labour for patients who have higher levels of psychosocial stress. This study examines the rate of late‐preterm birth in a hypnosis group (directed to all women) and a historical control group. From July 2007 all women (n = 64), who were in their 28th to 34th weeks' gestation, were offered self‐hypnosis training using the hypnoreflexogenous protocol after Hüsken‐Janßen and Schauble. Expectant mothers with uncertain anticipated days of delivery were excluded. All women who delivered after 31 weeks' gestation served as a control group (n = 2135) from January 2006 till June 2007. In the hypnosis group there were three preterm deliveries (4.7%) (before 37 + 0 weeks' gestation) whereas in the control group there were 220 preterm deliveries (10.3%) (p = 0.01). Average cigarette usage during the current pregnancy was lower in the hypnosis group (p = 0.02). Higher work‐educated employments (p = 0.01), higher age of the mother (p < 0.001) and fewer previous pregnancies (p < 0.03) were found in the hypnosis group. Preterm birth correlated with the number of previous pregnancies (−0.38; p < 0.001) but not with smoking. Hypnosis was shown to be effective therapy without side‐effects, which can reduce preterm delivery. This clinical study showed a significant prevention of preterm delivery. Prospective randomized controlled studies are required to evaluate fully the preventive value of clinical hypnosis. Copyright © 2009 British Society of Experimental & Clinical Hypnosis. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spiritual‐transpersonal hypnosis
Authors: Zahi Arnon
Published: November 2009

The field of spiritual and transpersonal psychotherapy and hypnotherapy can be divided into three major categories: research of near‐death and out‐of‐body experiences; past life experiences; and spiritual interpretations in accordance with the patient's beliefs. The present article suggests a fourth category, spiritual interpretations not in accordance with the patient's beliefs. Three cases are reported, and the curative force of the interpretations is discussed. Copyright © 2009 British Society of Experimental & Clinical Hypnosis. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alternatives Verfahren zur Racemattrennung verbindungsbildender Systeme mittels Kristallisation
Authors: Kaemmerer H. , Seidel‐Morgenstern A. , Lorenz H.
Published: November 2009

Vielfach sind Strategien zur optimierten Verschaltung von Methoden zur Racematspaltung vorgestellt worden. Diese kombinieren chirale Selektoren, etwa chromatographische Trennsäulen oder chirale Membranen, mit einer nachgeschalteten selektiven Kristallisation. Eine effektive Schnittstelle beider Trennverfahren ist über die eutektische Zusammensetzung des chiralen Systems definiert und der Grad der Synergie somit substanzspezifisch. In diesem Beitrag wird ein alternatives Trennverfahren vorgestellt, das diese Limitierung nicht aufweist und geeignet ist, aus beliebig angereicherten Lösungen das Zielenantiomer selektiv auszukristallisieren. Hierbei wird die Verschiebung der eutektischen Zusammensetzung in Lösung, analog einer Azeotropdestillation, gezielt zur Trennung einer Mischung von Enantiomeren ausgenutzt. Anhand eines experimentellen Beispiels wird gezeigt, dass sich mittels einer zyklischen Fahrweise die Ausbeute pro Kristallisationsbatch deutlich steigern lässt.
Steam methane reforming in a Ni/Al2O3 catalyst: Kinetics and diffusional limitations in extrudates
Authors: Oliveira Eduardo L. G. , Grande Carlos A. , Rodrigues Alírio E.
Published: November 2009

The true kinetics of methane steam reforming was measured in powder of Ni/Al2O3 catalyst (“Octolyst 1001” from Degussa) at different temperatures (733–890 K) for several operating conditions. New reaction rate constants were determined for this catalyst. The observed reaction rate was measured on catalyst extrudates to determine diffusion effects within the porous structure of the particle. A non‐isothermal model with diffusion was used to determine effectiveness factors for each reaction. The objective was to measure all necessary data to model the performance of the catalyst in a Sorption Enhanced Reaction Process (SERP) for H2 production with in situ CO2 capture.
A novel equation of state (EOS) for prediction of solute solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide: Experimental determination and correlation
Authors: Nejad Sh. Jafari , Mohammadikhah R. , Abolghasemi H. , Moosavian M. A. , Maragheh M. G.
Published: November 2009

Solubility data of organophosphorous metal extractants in supercritical fluids (SCF) are crucial for designing metal extraction processes. We have developed a new equation of state (EOS) based on virial equation including an untypical parameter as BP/RT, reduced temperature and pressure for prediction of solute solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO2). Solubility experimental data (solubility of tributylphosphate in SC CO2) were correlated with the two cubic equations of state (EOS) models, namely the Peng–Robinson EOS (PR‐EOS) and the Soave–Redlich–Kwong EOS (SRK‐EOS), together with two adjustable parameter van der Waals mixing and combining rules and our proposed EOS. The AARD of our EOS is significantly lower than that obtained from the other EOS models. The proposed EOS presented more accurate correlation for solubility data in SC CO2. It can be employed to speed up the process of SCF applications in industry.
Electric‐oxidation kinetics of molybdenite concentrate in acidic NaCl solution
Authors: Zhan‐fang Cao , Hong Zhong , Guang‐yi Liu , Jian‐gang Fu , Shuai Wang , Yun‐ren Qiu
Published: November 2009

The electric‐oxidation kinetics of molybdenite concentrate in NaCl electrolyte was investigated in this study. The effects of liquid‐to‐solid ratio, stirring speed, and concentration of NaCl on the dissolution rate were determined. It was found that the dissolution rate increases with increase in liquid‐to‐solid ratio, stirring speed, and concentration of NaCl. A shrinking particle model is presented to describe the dissolution and to analyse the data. The apparent activation energy of this dissolution process was found to be 8.2 kJ/mol; it was established that the leaching process is mainly controlled by diffusion, and the kinetics formula of this research system can be expressed as: $k = 0.0207{\rm C}_{{\rm NaCl}}^{1.04} {\rm exp}( - 8200/RT)$.
Absorption of ethylene from ethylene‐ethane gaseous mixture by AgNO3 solution in a semi‐continuous process
Authors: Mortaheb H. R. , Mafi M. , Zolfaghari A. , Mokhtarani B. , Khodapanah N. , Ghaemmaghami F.
Published: November 2009

Ethylene absorption from an ethylene–ethane gaseous mixture in the silver nitrate solution is studied at different temperatures and concentrations. Unlike the previous studies, in which the absorption was studied by batch processes, a semi‐continuous process is applied in the present research. The results show that increase in temperature reduces the amount of absorbed ethylene and absorption time. The amount of absorbed ethylene is increased in solutions with higher concentrations of AgNO3, whereas the mole ratio of absorbed ethylene per silver nitrate is decreased by increasing the AgNO3 concentration. Total absorption is modelled as a function of the temperature and concentration of absorbing solution. The estimated values from the model are in good agreement with the experimental data.
A new efficient technique for finding the solution of initial‐value problems using He's variational iteration method
Authors: Tatari Mehdi
Published: November 2009

The well‐known He's variational iteration method has been implemented by researchers for solving various kinds of problems. Although it is a very efficient method for solving problems, the approximation is not accurate in large regions. In this work a new technique based on the successive use of the He's variational iteration method in smaller regions has been presented. The new method has been named as local He's variational iteration method. By applying the new technique, an accurate approximation provided in large domains in a shorter time and less computations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving understanding, learning, and performances of novices in dynamic managerial simulation games
Authors: Yasarcan Hakan
Published: November 2009

Simulations are increasingly used in training and education because of their success and their advantages as a learning method. However, it has also been observed that the dynamic complexity of simulations creates learning difficulties, and that performance tends to plateau quickly at a level well below benchmark performance. To overcome this difficulty, a gradual‐increase‐in‐complexity approach is proposed, which suggests developing simpler versions of a simulation game that can be used as part of the training. Accordingly, the authors developed a series of inventory‐management simulations and conducted an experiment. The results indicate an improvement in the success of the inventory‐management simulation as a training tool. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2010
Toward a semantic general theory of everything
Authors: Samsonovich Alexei V. , Goldin Rebecca F. , Ascoli Giorgio A.
Published: November 2009

The notion of a universal semantic cognitive map is introduced as a general indexing space for semantics, useful to reduce semantic relations to geometric and topological relations. As a first step in designing the concept, the notion of semantics is operationalized in terms of human subjective experience and is related to the concept of spatial position. Then synonymy and antonymy are introduced in geometrical terms. Further analysis building on previous studies of the authors indicates that the universal semantic cognitive map should be locally low‐dimensional. This essay ends with a proposal to develop a metric system for subjective experiences based on the outlined approach. We conclude that a computationally defined universal semantic cognitive map is a necessary tool for the emerging new science of the mind: a scientific paradigm that includes subjective experience as an object of study. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2010
Collective increase of first impression bias
Authors: Deffuant Guillaume , Huet Sylvie
Published: November 2009

We propose a simple model of first impression bias (FIB), where agents tend to ignore features which contradict their initial view. We consider a population of agents which are all in contact with a media, communicating randomly chosen features of an object. In some cases, we observe on simulations that FIB is significantly more frequent when the agents interact with each other than when they are only in contact with the media. We design an analytical aggregated model of the global agent‐based model behavior, which helps to explain the higher number of FIB due to the interactions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2010
A genetic algorithm with local search strategy for improved detection of community structure
Authors: Li Shuzhuo , Chen Yinghui , Du Haifeng , Feldman Marcus W.
Published: November 2009

On the basis of modularity optimization, a genetic algorithm is proposed to detect community structure in networks by defining a local search operator. The local search operator emphasizes two features: one is that the connected nodes in a network should be located in the same community, while the other is “local selection” inspired by the mechanisms of efficient message delivery underlying the small‐world phenomenon. The results of community detection for some classic networks, such as Ucinet and Pajek networks, indicate that our algorithm achieves better community structure than other methodologies based on modularity optimization, such as the algorithms based on betweenness analysis, simulated annealing, or Tasgin and Bingol's genetic algorithm. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2010
Design and implementation of ARIP for efficient handovers
Authors: Kwon Dong‐Hee , Kim Yong‐Sung , Suh Young‐Joo
Published: November 2009

Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6), which is a protocol being standardized by Internet Engineering Task Force for global IP mobility support, is expected to have a key role for future All‐IP wireless networks. As the demands for delay sensitive multimedia applications increase, the handover latency and packet losses of MIPv6 become inadequate for these applications. Fast Handovers for Mobile IPv6 (FMIPv6) has been proposed to tackle the problem. However, FMIPv6 cannot work solely since it needs access router information for its fast handover operation. In this paper, we propose Access Router Information Protocol (ARIP), which performs a candidate access router discovery and a radio access network discovery in one protocol suite, to provide an efficient handover framework for MIPv6 and FMIPv6. ARIP is designed to cope with heterogeneous networks as well as homogeneous networks and to be closely coupled with FMIPv6 to provide the efficient handover performance. The performance evaluation of MIPv6, FMIPv6, and FMIPv6 with ARIP is performed in an actual network environment. The performance results show that FMIPv6 with ARIP can significantly improve the handover performance compared to the conventional handover approaches. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anal–rectal cytology: A review
Authors: Bean Sarah M. , Chhieng David C.
Published: November 2009

The incidence of invasive anal squamous cell carcinoma, a human papilloma virus (HPV) related cancer, is on the rise, especially in HIV positive men who have sex with men (MSM). Like cervical cancer, anal cancer is associated with precursor lesions detectable on exfoliative cytology as squamous intraepithelial lesions and on biopsy as intraepithelial neoplasia. Anal–rectal cytology screening programs, similar to cervical cytology screening programs, have been developed in an effort to detect and to eradicate precursor lesions prior to progression to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Either conventional or liquid‐based anal–rectal cytology specimens are acceptable, but liquid‐based specimens are preferred. Specimens may be collected by health care professionals or by patients. A minimum of 2,000–3,000 nucleate squamous cells should comprise adequate specimens. Diagnostic terminology as defined by the Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology (TBS 2001) should be used. Sensitivity and specificity of a single anal–rectal cytology specimen is comparable with that of a single cervical cytology test, but cytological interpretations do not always correlate with lesion severity. Patients with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC‐US) or worse should be referred for anoscopy. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytologic detection of concurrent infectious agents in urines from renal transplant patients
Authors: Selvaggi Suzanne M.
Published: November 2009

Cytology is a well recognized and utilized method for the detection of polyomavirus in urine specimens from renal transplant patients. The purpose of this 5 year 6 month retrospective study (January 1, 2003–June 30, 2008) was to report on the additional infectious agents detected in these specimens. Of the 7,116 urine samples from renal transplant patients that were processed for the detection of polyoma (BK) virus, 1,399 (19.7%) were positive for BK viral inclusions and 5,717 (80.3%) were negative. In addition, 347 specimens (4.8%) contained infectious agents including HPV (1.6%), Candida (3.2%), Herpes virocytes (0.03%), cytomegalovirus (CMV; 0.03%), and trichomonads (0.03%) either alone or in combination. Follow‐up cervical, vaginal, and/or vulvar biopsies were available in six (5%) of the 115 specimens with cellular changes consistent with low‐grade HPV infection: three showed high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, two showed low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, and one showed both types of lesions. Urinary cytology plays a role not only in the detection of BK virus but also other infectious agents, which have an impact on follow‐up patient management. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010;38:549–550. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ThinPrep Pap test of endocervical adenocarcinoma with lymph node metastasis: Report of a case in a 17‐year‐old woman
Authors: Wagner David G. , Weisensel Joseph , Mentrikoski Mark J. , Leo Sharon D. , Bonfiglio Thomas A. , Hoda Rana S.
Published: November 2009

Endocervical adenocarcinoma is an uncommon malignancy that is composed of multiple subtypes and accounts for ∼15% of all cervical cancers. In this article, we describe the cytomorphology and differential diagnosis of an AJCC clinical stage IIIb, FIGO IB2 endocervical adenocarcinoma in a 17‐year‐old woman in a ThinPrep Pap test.

The patient was a 17‐year‐old G0P0 white woman with no significant past medical history and no prior history of cervical dysplasia. She presented to her physician with a putrid vaginal discharge. A sample was sent to cytology that was interpreted as atypical endocervical cells, favor neoplasia. A subsequent cervical biopsy was diagnosed as endocervical adenocarcinoma with villoglandular features and ultimately, a hysterectomy with lymph node dissection was performed. The final diagnosis was endocervical adenocarcinoma with metastasis to three pelvic lymph nodes.

The cytomorphology of endocervical adenocarcinoma on ThinPrep Pap test is similar to that described for conventionally‐processed Pap smears. This difficult diagnosis should be considered on a ThinPrep Pap test, regardless of age when the characteristic cytomorphology is observed. On a cytology sample, it is advisable to state atypical endocervical cells, adenocarcinoma in situ, or endocervical adenocarcinoma without providing a specific subtype even if there is a predominance of features for a particular subtype. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010;38:633–638. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Significance of incidental detection of filariasis on aspiration smears: A case series
Authors: Gupta Sampada , Gupta Ruchika , Bansal Bhawna , Singh Sompal , Gupta Kusum , Kudesia Madhur
Published: November 2009

Filariasis is a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries including India. Although there are reports of incidentally diagnosed cases of lymphatic filariasis in the existing literature, the significance of this finding needs to be summarised in one place. The association of filariasis with neoplasms is still debatable.

For this series, cases diagnosed as filariasis on aspiration cytology (with or without coexistent pathology) over a period of 1 year were retrieved. The cases with a clinical suspicion of filariasis were excluded. Hence, five cases with incidental diagnosis of filariasis on aspiration cytology were included. The site of aspiration included one case each of thyroid, breast, bone marrow, cervical lymph node, and subcutaneous nodule. Of these, three cases showed microfilariae, one showed only adult female worm while one showed both microfilariae and adult worm. Two cases did not show any inflammatory response while three cases showed a variable inflammatory reaction. Only one case (thyroid aspirate) had a coexistent pathology (colloid goitre). Filariasis may be detected in a clinically unsuspected case, especially in an endemic zone. The spectrum of host response may vary from no reaction to a marked inflammatory response. The entire spectrum of changes should be kept in mind while practicing cytopathology in an endemic area. In such situations, a high index of suspicion and careful screening of cytology smears are keys to a correct diagnosis. At the same time, keen search for a coexisting pathology, benign or malignant, is also mandatory. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytologic features and frequency of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the lymph nodes of patients with histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (Kikuchi‐Fujimoto disease)
Authors: Kishimoto Koji , Tate Genshu , Kitamura Takashi , Kojima Masaru , Mitsuya Toshiyuki
Published: November 2009

Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (HNL), also known as Kikuchi‐Fujimoto disease, is a benign and self‐limiting disease. It is histologically characterized by nodal lesions that show the infiltration of histiocytes, lymphoid cells, myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs), and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), along with either apoptotic or karyorrhexic nuclear debris. pDCs have been proposed to be lymphoid early‐committed immature DCs which are positive for CD123, CD303, CD68, and HLA‐DR but negative for fascin, a mature DC marker, as well as CD13 and CD33,which are mDC markers. In the present study, we analyzed the cytomorphologic features and frequency of pDCs in the lymph nodes of HNL patients. Because the cytologic apprearance of pDCs with Papanicolau staining was quite similar to that of large lymphocytes, immunocytochemistry against CD123 was necessary for the distinction of pDCs. Counting the number of CD123‐positive pDCs in the HNL lymph nodes revealed that pDCs more frequently infiltrated the lymph nodes in the setting of HNL than in either reactive lymphadenitis or T and B cell lymphoma. In addition, interestingly, the numberof pDCs did not depend on the age of the HNL lesion, thus suggesting that pDCs are excellent indicators for the cytologic diagnosis of HNL. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rosette forming glioneuronal tumor pineal gland and tectum: An intraoperative diagnosis on smear Preparation
Authors: Ghosal Nandita , Furtado Sunil V. , Hegde A. S.
Published: November 2009

We present an extremely rare case of newly described entity called rosette forming glioneuronal tumor (RGNT), involving the pineal gland, tectum, and the adjacent thalamus in a 22‐year‐old male. Interestingly, the ventricular system was not involved in this case. The tumor was diagnosed intraoperatively on smear preparation on cytomorphology. If sampled adequately, it is fairly easy to diagnose RGNT on smear preparation as it has a very distinctive cytomorphology of being composed of two population of cell. One of the components is pilocytic astrocytoma and the other is composed of small cells with scant cytoplasm, vesicular nuclei, arranged around neuropil‐like material forming “neurocytic rosettes.” To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of RGNT in this rare location being diagnosed intraoperatively on smear preparation. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010;38:590–593. 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional biomarkers in cervical precancer: An overview
Authors: Gupta Nalini , Srinivasan Radhika , Rajwanshi Arvind
Published: November 2009

Cervical cancer develops over a long time through precursor lesions that can be detected by cytological screening. Majority of these lesions regress spontaneously. Therefore, the challenge of cervical cancer screening is to detect the lesions that have a high risk of progression. Several promising biomarkers have been described that may improve screening of cervical cancer, but to date, new biomarkers have not been thoroughly validated in high‐quality studies.

The knowledge about human papillomavirus as a causative agent of cervical cancer has accumulated over the last decades has opened the possibility to improve the existing prevention strategies and screening practices. p16 has amply been applied on cytologic samples and has been shown to be a promising marker especially in identification of high‐grade dysplasia. ProEx C, a replication marker, has also been recently shown to be a good marker for identification of high‐grade dysplasia and has been used on cytologic samples. Proliferation markers such as MYC, Ki67, telomerase, MCM, topoisomerase 2A and 3q amplification by in situ hybridization technique are other methods being employed in identification of high‐grade dysplasia. However, currently available data on most of the biomarkers does not warrant their routine use yet. This review highlights the major findings of previous studies on cervical cancer biomarkers. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010;38:618–623. 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rhabdoid meningioma: Rapid intraoperative diagnosis on squash smears
Authors: Bansal M. , Pathak V. P. , Kishore S. , Bansal K. K.
Published: November 2009

Rhabdoid morphology in tumors refers to resemblance of the cells to rhabdomyoblasts without true skeletal muscle differentiation. The cytological features include abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, eccentric nuclei, and intracytoplasmic hyaline inclusions. Besides the rhabdoid morphology, cytoarchitectural features of atypical meningioma (four or more mitoses per 10 high‐power fields, high cellularity, sheeting architecture, nuclear atypia, and necrosis) are seen in most cases. A case is presented here to highlight the appearance of rhabdoid cells on intraoperative squash smears, for most accurate treatment and close follow‐up, as rhabdoid morphology is related to aggressive behavior and poor outcomes. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010;38:594–596. 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hair cortisol predicts object permanence performance in infant rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Dettmer Amanda M. , Novak Matthew F.S.X. , Novak Melinda A. , Meyer Jerrold S. , Suomi Stephen J.
Published: November 2009

Although high circulating levels of glucocorticoids are associated with impaired cognitive performance in adults, less is known about this relationship in infancy. Furthermore, because studies have relied on acute cortisol measures in blood plasma or saliva, interpretation of the results may be difficult as acute measures may in part reflect emotional responses to testing procedures. In this study we examined whether hair cortisol, an integrated measure of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis functioning, predicted performance of nursery‐reared (NR) infant rhesus monkeys (n = 32) on Piagetian object permanence tasks. Testing of NR infants began at 19.8 ± 2.2 (mean ± SE) days of age and continued for the next several months. Hair cortisol concentrations from the 32 NR monkeys were compared to those of 20 mother–peer‐reared (MPR) infants. Hair was shaved at Day 14, allowed to regrow, and obtained again at month 6, thus representing integrated cortisol over a 5.5‐month period of time. NR and MPR infants did not differ in month 6 hair cortisol values (t(50) = 0.02, p = 0.98). Linear regression revealed that hair cortisol predicted object permanence performance in the NR infants. Infants with higher hair cortisol reached criterion at later ages on the well (p < 0.01), screen (p < 0.05), and A‐not‐B (p < 0.05) tasks and required more test sessions to complete the well (p < 0.01) and screen tasks (p < 0.05). These data are the first to implicate hair cortisol as a reliable predictor of early cognitive performance in infant macaque monkeys. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 51: 706–713, 2009
Whole genome microarray analysis of chicken embryo facial prominences
Authors: Buchtová Marcela , Kuo Winston Patrick , Nimmagadda Suresh , Benson Shari L. , Geetha‐Loganathan Poongodi , Logan Cairine , Au‐Yeung Timothy , Chiang Eric , Fu Katherine , Richman Joy M.
Published: November 2009

The face is one of the three regions most frequently affected by congenital defects in humans. To understand the molecular mechanisms involved, it is necessary to have a more complete picture of gene expression in the embryo. Here, we use microarrays to profile expression in chicken facial prominences, post neural crest migration and before differentiation of mesenchymal cells. Chip‐wide analysis revealed that maxillary and mandibular prominences had similar expression profiles while the frontonasal mass chips were distinct. Of the 3094 genes that were differentially expressed in one or more regions of the face, a group of 56 genes was subsequently validated with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) and a subset examined with in situ hybridization. Microarrays trends were consistent with the QPCR data for the majority of genes (81%). On the basis of QPCR and microarray data, groups of genes that characterize each of the facial prominences can be determined. Developmental Dynamics 239:574–591, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Androgenic regulation of ventral epithelial bud number and pattern in mouse urogenital sinus
Authors: Allgeier Sarah H. , Lin Tien‐Min , Moore Robert W. , Vezina Chad M. , Abler Lisa L. , Peterson Richard E.
Published: November 2009

The ventral urogenital sinus (UGS) of control male mice has two rows of 3–4 prostatic buds at birth, but how androgens regulate ventral bud (VB) number and patterning is unclear. VBs in both sexes appeared to be a mixture of prostatic and urethral buds. UGSs from Tfm male and antiandrogen (flutamide)‐exposed mice had small VBs, suggesting that initiation of some VBs is androgen independent. Tfm male mice are widely considered completely androgen insensitive yet their UGSs were 5α‐dihydrotestosterone (DHT)‐ responsive. VBs (6–8) were generally distributed bimodally on the left‐right axis at both minimal and normal male androgen signaling. Yet control females and DHT‐exposed Tfm males had 13–14 VBs, whose left‐right distribution was fairly uniform. These results suggest that VB number and distribution respond biphasically as androgen signaling increases from minimal, and that androgens regulate bud specification. Complete VB agenesis by the selective budding inhibitor 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD) required high androgen signaling. Developmental Dynamics 239:373–385, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative evaluation of human embryonic stem cell lines derived from zygotes with normal and abnormal pronuclei
Authors: Huan Qing , Gao Xuan , Wang Yan , Shen Yun , Ma Wu , Chen Zi‐Jiang
Published: November 2009

Human embryonic stem (hES) cell lines have been derived from normally or abnormally fertilized zygotes. However, the similar and different properties of these two types of hES cell lines are not well‐known. To address this question, we generated nine hES cell lines from zygotes containing normal (2PN) and abnormal (0PN, 1PN, 3PN) pronuclei. A side‐by‐side comparison showed that all cell lines exhibited distinct identity and karyotypical stability. They expressed similar “stemness” markers and alkaline phosphatase activity and differentiated into three embryonic germ lineages in embryoid bodies and teratomas. Under neural differentiation‐promoting conditions, they were directed into neural progenitors and neurons. However, a variation in cell cycle and the relative abundance of gene expression of undifferentiated and differentiated markers were observed. These variations were also seen among individually derived normal hES cell lines. Thus, normal hES cell lines can be developed from fertilized zygotes with abnormal pronuclei usually excluded from clinical use. Developmental Dynamics 239:425–438, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.