bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On combating deep fades due to ground reflection in point‐to‐point WiMAX communications
Authors: Serhal Dina , Reynaud Sébastien , Chantalat Régis , Hajj Mohamad , Jecko Bernard , Mońedìere Thierry
Published: April 2011

In point‐to‐point wireless communications, the re‐ ceived signal may experience deep fading due to different propa‐ gation phenomena. In this paper, we deal specifically with ground reflection and show how it affects the system communication. As application, we consider the example of point‐to‐point WiMAX communications between base stations (BSs) and trains. The fading problem is mainly due to the fact that both direct and reflected rays are located in the main lobe of the base station antenna and then the correspondant fields have almost the same amplitude. In this paper, we propose several efficient solutions in order to overcome the fading problem. These solutions perform different techniques based, first, on modifying the shape of the main lobe of the BS antenna in order to decrease the magnitude of the ground reflected field, and second, on modifying the antennas polarization. In order to support our propositions, a large set of simulation results is reported and discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26063
A 0.35‐μm CMOS frequency divider implemented with the waffle injection MOSFET
Authors: Jang Sheng‐Lyang , Cheng Ching‐Lun , Chang Chia‐Wei , Juang Miin‐Horng
Published: April 2011

This letter proposes a CMOS injection‐locked frequency divider (ILFD) fabricated in a 0.35‐μm CMOS process.The ILFD circuit is realized with a cross‐coupled CMOS LC‐tank oscillator, and the external injection is carried out through the gate of a waffle MOSFET. The self‐oscillating ILFD is injection‐locked by second‐/fourth‐harmonic input to obtain the division order of two/four. Measurement results show that at the supply voltage of 0.9 V and at the incident power of 0 dBm, the locking range is from the incident frequency 4.25 to 6.35 GHz in the divide‐by‐2 mode. The locking range is from the incident frequency 10.75 to 11.25 GHz in the divide‐by‐4 mode. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26064
Cost‐effective all‐semiconductor 4 × 40 Gbit/s transmission in the 1310‐nm wavelength domain
Authors: Turkiewicz Jaroslaw
Published: April 2011

Error‐free transmission of 4 × 40 Gbit/s over 50 km of standard single mode fiber in the 1310‐nm wavelength domain is demonstrated. The obtained results prove applicability of the 1310‐nm wavelength domain to support the cost‐effective medium range high capacity transmission systems, e.g., future 400 Gbit/s Ethernet standard. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26065
Bandwidth enhancement of a U‐slot patch antenna using dual‐band frequency‐selective surface with double rectangular ring elements
Authors: Chen Hsing‐Yi , Tao Yu
Published: April 2011

A design strategy using a dual‐band frequency‐selective surface (FSS) consisting of double rectangular ring elements to improve the bandwidth and gain and to optimize the onsets of two operating frequencies for a U‐slot patch antenna is presented.After implanting the FSS in the U‐slot patch antenna, it was found that the bandwidths have been improved from 3.14% to 5.51% and 5.48% to 7.48% at resonant frequencies 2.45 and 5.8 GHz, respectively. It was also found that the antenna gain and the onset of operating frequency have been improved for Bluetooth and wireless local area network (WLAN) applications. The U‐slot patch antenna implanted with a FSS consisting of double rectangular ring elements is capable of dual‐band operations at 2.45 and 5.8 GHz. The radiation patterns are satisfied at these dual bands. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26066
Active V‐band modulated backscatter tag
Authors: Cantú Horacio I. , Cumming David R. S. , Drysdale Timothy D.
Published: April 2011

We report the measurement of modulated backscatter produced by a Schottky diode and a printed patch antenna array at V‐band (58.75 GHz). The tag was fabricated on a liquid crystalline polymer substrate that is used as the dielectric film and as a carrier for the diode that is wire bonded to the surface of the array. An inexpensive commercial V‐band transceiver chipset was successfully used to detect modulated backscatter when the diode was switched at kHz frequencies, demonstrating that the effect is strong enough to be used in commercial applications requiring lightweight, wearable transponders. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26067
Simultaneous measurement of force and temperature with a single FBG partially encapsulated with a metal cannula
Authors: Yang Zhangcheng , Xu Hanfeng , Ni Kai , Dong Xingyong
Published: April 2011

A simple sensor head based on a single fiber Bragg grating (FBG), which was partially encapsulated by using a metal cannula, has been proposed and demonstrated for simultaneous measurement of force and temperature.Because of the partial encapsulation, the reflection peak of the FBG split into two, corresponding to the two grating halves, when the grating was stretched or the temperature was changed. The two peaks respond differently to force and temperature change so that simultaneous measurement of force and temperature has been realized by measuring wavelengths of the two peaks. Experimental results show that the achieved resolutions, limited by the wavelength resolution, 0.01 nm, of the used optical spectrum analyzer, are 0.007 N and 0.45°C for force and temperature measurements, respectively. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26069
Study on UWB and SWB planar slot antennas with different stub shapes
Authors: Barbarino Sebastiano , Consoli Fabrizio
Published: April 2011

The detailed study of UWB and SWB planar circular slot antennas is here described. They are realized on a εr = 2.33 substrate, and have stub of different shapes. The comparison among the structures is performed in terms of both impedance matching and radiation features at different frequencies. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26076
Impedance and complex power of radiating elements under electromagnetic source transformation
Authors: Allen Jeffery W. , Steyskal Hans , Smith David R.
Published: April 2011

Transformation optics is a methodology that has proven useful in the design of complex media used to alter and control electromagnetic waves in either passive space or regions that contain source distributions. Recently it has been shown that the application of source transformations can reshape field radiation patterns corresponding to arbitrarily shaped sources. In the accompanying numerical confirmations, the effect of source transformations on fundamental quantities that are critical to the design and evaluation of antenna based systems‐‐such as complex power and impedance, remain unexplored. In this paper, we present results of theoretical analysis as well as full wave finite element simulations, proving that the complex power and impedance associated with an electromagnetic source are not changed by source transformation methods. These results open the door to the application of source transformations for the design of practical antenna based systems, such as conformal and phased array antenna design. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26077
The tunable defect modes in the comb‐like photonic crystals
Authors: Tong Yuanwei , Zhang Yewen
Published: April 2011

A tunable defect mode with a voltage tuning mechanical is demonstrated. A varactor has been introduced into a 1D comb‐like photonic crystal and a defect mode occurs in the band gap. Frequency of the defect modes are controlled by the reverse bias voltage applied to the varactor. The defect peak in the transmission spectrum shifts towards high frequency as the reverse bias voltage increases. The simulating results agree well with the experimental results. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26080
Modified LINC transmitter using efficient parallel amplification scheme
Authors: Liu Rui , Schreurs Dominique , De Raedt Walter , Mertens Robert
Published: April 2011

A modified linear amplification with nonlinear component (LINC) transmitter is presented using a novel power combination scheme.By using multiple LINC sections in parallel with a compact adaptive power combining network, the output power of power amplifiers can be boosted, together with obtaining higher efficiency over a large power back‐off region. Compared to existing designs, no gate bias adaptation is needed and efficiency can be further improved. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26086
Fiber length compensated transmission of 2998.01 MHz RF signal with femtosecond precision
Authors: Tratnik Jurij , Pavlovic Leon , Batagelj Bostjan , Lemut Primoz , Ritosa Patrik , Ferianis Mario , Vidmar Matjaz
Published: April 2011

An electro‐optical RF‐clock‐distribution system for 2998.01 MHz is presented. An added timing jitter of 5 fsRMS and a clock drift of 9.5 fsRMS over 24 h have been measured. The RF signal is distributed through a transmitter–receiver topology as intensity modulation on a CW laser at 1550 nm. Temperature‐induced fiber group‐delay variations are compensated by adjusting the wavelength of the laser and making use of the fiber chromatic dispersion. The system uses standard, commercially‐available telecommunication optical components. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26087
Lasing wavelength shift of ASE‐injected wavelength‐locked F‐P LD in WDM‐PON
Authors: Meng Hongyun , Zhang Guanbin , Wang Wei , Lee Chang‐Hee
Published: April 2011

The lasing wavelength shift characteristics of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE)‐injected wavelength‐locked Fabry‐Perot laser‐diodes used in the wavelength division multiplexed passive optical network are studied. The lasing wavelength shift at different injected‐ASE powers and different bias currents are experimentally evaluated. The saturation effect has been found as the bias current increases. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26088
Higher order reconstruction for MRI in the presence of spatiotemporal field perturbations
Authors: Wilm Bertram J. , Barmet Christoph , Pavan Matteo , Pruessmann Klaas P.
Published: April 2011

Despite continuous hardware advances, MRI is frequently subject to field perturbations that are of higher than first order in space and thus violate the traditional k‐space picture of spatial encoding. Sources of higher order perturbations include eddy currents, concomitant fields, thermal drifts, and imperfections of higher order shim systems. In conventional MRI with Fourier reconstruction, they give rise to geometric distortions, blurring, artifacts, and error in quantitative data. This work describes an alternative approach in which the entire field evolution, including higher order effects, is accounted for by viewing image reconstruction as a generic inverse problem. The relevant field evolutions are measured with a third‐order NMR field camera. Algebraic reconstruction is then formulated such as to jointly minimize artifacts and noise in the resulting image. It is solved by an iterative conjugate‐gradient algorithm that uses explicit matrix‐vector multiplication to accommodate arbitrary net encoding. The feasibility and benefits of this approach are demonstrated by examples of diffusion imaging. In a phantom study, it is shown that higher order reconstruction largely overcomes variable image distortions that diffusion gradients induce in EPI data. In vivo experiments then demonstrate that the resulting geometric consistency permits straightforward tensor analysis without coregistration. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Matching preclusion and conditional matching preclusion for bipartite interconnection networks II: Cayley graphs generated by transposition trees and hyper‐stars
Authors: Cheng Eddie , Hu Philip , Jia Roger , Lipták László
Published: April 2011

The matching preclusion number of a graph with an even number of vertices is the minimum number of edges whose deletion results in a graph that has no perfect matchings. For many interconnection networks, the optimal sets are precisely those induced by a single vertex. It is natural to look for obstruction sets beyond those induced by a single vertex. The conditional matching preclusion number of a graph is the minimum number of edges whose deletion results in a graph with no isolated vertices that has no perfect matchings. In this companion paper of Cheng et al. (Networks (NET 1554)), we find these numbers for a number of popular interconnection networks including hypercubes, star graphs, Cayley graphs generated by transposition trees and hyper‐stars. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2011
TiO2 nanotube supported metallocene catalysts for the preparation of nanofiber, nanosheet, and floccule of polyethylene
Authors: Hu Zhang , Liu Chengbin , Wu Yulin , Liu Ronghua , He Yejuan , Luo Shenglian
Published: April 2011

Ethylene polymerization was performed with the TiO2 nanotube supported metallocene catalytic system. The effects of Al/Zr molar ratio and time in polymerization on the catalytic behavior of the catalysts and the morphologies of the polyethylene were investigated. The nanofibers, floccules and nanosheets of polyethylene were obtained by controlling the polymerization conditions. Because the nanotubes confined the direction of propagation of the polyethylene chains, nanofibers were attained by extrusion polymerization, while the amount of floccules increased with extended polymerization time and nanosheets were mainly produced at high Al/Zr molar ratios. The possible correlation between the polymerization conditions and polyethylene morphologies was elucidated. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011.
Backside illuminated AlGaN‐on‐Si UV detectors integrated by high density flip‐chip bonding
Authors: Malinowski Pawel E. , Duboz Jean‐Yves , De Moor Piet , John Joachim , Minoglou Kyriaki , Srivastava Puneet , Abdul Hameed , Patel Manojkumar , Osman Haris , Semond Fabrice , Frayssinet Eric , Hochedez Jean‐Francois , Giordanengo Boris , Van Hoof Chris , Mertens Robert
Published: April 2011

We report on the fabrication of integrated AlGaN‐on‐Si‐based ultraviolet photodetectors. Devices were interconnected with dedicated Si‐based fanout structures using flip‐chip bonding. The interconnects were In solder bumps with a 20 µm pitch. Backside illumination was enabled by removing the Si substrate over the active area, leaving an ultrathin AlGaN membrane with the thickness of 400 nm and the area of 4x4 mm2 supported by an array of In bumps. The presented devices act as a test vehicle for the 10 µm pitch hybrid AlGaN Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) imagers and prove the feasibility of backside illumination in an integrated device. The use of AlGaN as the active layer provides intrinsic solar blindness with a high rejection ratio of visible and infrared spectra, which is one of the most critical limitations of the commonly used Si‐based devices. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A bayesian strategy for screening cancer treatments prior to phase ii clinical evaluation
Authors: Thall Peter F. , Estey Elihu H.
Published: April 2011

We address the problem of selecting a treatment for phase II evaluation when several candidate treatments emerging from phase I testing are available. A pre‐phase II Bayesian selection design which randomizes patients among treatments is proposed. The patient group in the trial has prognosis more favourable than that of phase I patients but less favourable than the target group of the subsequent phase II trial. The patient response rate distribution in each treatment arm is continually updated during the trial for comparison with early termination cutoffs, and the best final treatment must satisfy a minimal posterior efficacy criterion. The primary aim is to replace the usual informal treatment selection process with a fair comparison formally based on a combination of prior opinion and clinical data.
A comparison of the power of two tests for qualitative interactions
Authors: Piantadosi S. , Gail M. H.
Published: April 2011

‘Qualitative’ or ‘crossover’ interactions arise when a new treatment, compared with a control treatment, is beneficial in some subsets of patients and harmful in other subsets. We present a new range test for crossover interactions and compare it with the likelihood ratio test developed by Gail and Simon. The range test has greater power when the new treatment is harmful in only a few subsets, whereas the likelihood ratio test has greater power when the new treatment is harmful in several subsets. We provide power tables for both tests to facilitate sample size calculations for designing experiments to detect qualitative interactions and for interpreting the results of clinical trials.
Homing‐associated molecules CD73 and VAP‐1 as targets to prevent harmful inflammations and cancer spread
Authors: Salmi Marko , Jalkanen Sirpa
Published: April 2011

Homing‐associated molecules are of fundamental importance for proper functioning of our immune system as they direct the cells to sites of inflammation to create an immune response. However, they are also responsible for harmful cell trafficking, which takes place in acute and chronic inflammations as well as in tumor progression and metastatic spread of cancer. Therefore, these molecules are potential targets for developing drugs to prevent harmful inflammation and metastases of cancer. In this review, we will discuss about the most recent advances in studies elucidating the role of two homing‐associated ecto‐enzymes in physiological and pathological cell trafficking and their use as drug targets.
NAD+‐metabolizing ecto‐enzymes shape tumor–host interactions: The chronic lymphocytic leukemia model
Authors: Vaisitti Tiziana , Audrito Valentina , Serra Sara , Bologna Cinzia , Brusa Davide , Malavasi Fabio , Deaglio Silvia
Published: April 2011

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential co‐enzyme that can be released in the extracellular milieu. Here, it may elicit signals through binding purinergic receptors. Alternatively, NAD+ may be dismantled to adenosine, up‐taken by cells and transformed to reconstitute the intracellular nucleotide pool. An articulated ecto‐enzyme network is responsible for the nucleotide–nucleoside conversion. CD38 is the main mammalian enzyme that hydrolyzes NAD+, generating Ca2+‐active metabolites. Evidence suggests that this extracellular network may be altered or used by tumor cells to (i) nestle in protected areas, and (ii) evade the immune response. We have exploited chronic lymphocytic leukemia as a model to test the role of the ecto‐enzyme network, starting by analyzing the individual elements that make up the whole picture.
Introduction to the recommendations from the National Institute on Aging‐Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Jack Clifford R. , Albert Marilyn S. , Knopman David S. , McKhann Guy M. , Sperling Reisa A. , Carrillo Maria C. , Thies Bill , Phelps Creighton H.
Published: April 2011

Background

Criteria for the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) were established in 1984. A broad consensus now exists that these criteria should be revised to incorporate state‐of‐the‐art scientific knowledge.

Methods

The National Institute on Aging (NIA) and the Alzheimer's Association sponsored a series of advisory round table meetings in 2009 whose purpose was to establish a process for revising diagnostic and research criteria for AD. The recommendation from these advisory meetings was that three separate work groups should be formed with each assigned the task of formulating diagnostic criteria for one phase of the disease: the dementia phase; the symptomatic, pre‐dementia phase; and the asymptomatic, preclinical phase of AD.

Results

Two notable differences from the AD criteria published in 1984 are incorporation of biomarkers of the underlying disease state and formalization of different stages of disease in the diagnostic criteria. There was a broad consensus within all three workgroups that much additional work is needed to validate the application of biomarkers for diagnostic purposes. In the revised NIA‐Alzheimer's Association criteria, a semantic and conceptual distinction is made between AD pathophysiological processes and clinically observable syndromes that result, whereas this distinction was blurred in the 1984 criteria.

Conclusions

The new criteria for AD are presented in three documents. The core clinical criteria of the recommendations regarding AD dementia and MCI due to AD are intended to guide diagnosis in the clinical setting. However, the recommendations of the preclinical AD workgroup are intended purely for research purposes.
Renal function in patients with urinary stones of varying compositions
Authors: Chou Yii‐Her , Li Ching‐Chia , Hsu Hsing , Chang Wei‐Chiao , Liu Chia‐Chu , Li Wei‐Ming , Ke Hung‐Lung , Lee Mei‐Hui , Liu Mu‐En , Pan Shu‐Ching , Wang Hsun‐Shuan
Published: April 2011

Kidney stones are a potential risk factor for chronic kidney disease. The impact of different urinary stone components on renal function is unknown. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed 1,918 medical records of patients with urolithiasis. The renal function was evaluated as estimated glomerular filtration rate. All the stones were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The patients were divided into five groups according to the stone components. Statistical analysis was performed with analysis of variance. All the patients with stones had Stage 2–3 chronic kidney disease. The patients with uric acid and struvite stones had significantly lower estimated glomerular filtration rate compared with those having other stone components (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the patients with calcium‐containing stones (calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate) had significantly better renal function than those with non‐calcium‐containing stones (struvite and uric acid, p < 0.01). Patients with urolithiasis had decreased renal function, and the impact of renal function varied depending on the stone components. We conclude that stone analysis is important in predicting the change in renal function in patients with urolithiasis. Moreover, the patients with non‐calcium‐containing stones, such as struvite and uric acid stones, should be carefully evaluated and treated to preserve their renal function.
The age of carbonatites and mafic rocks (SHRIMP II and Rb-Sr dating) from the Oshurkovo apatite-bearing pluton (western Transbaikalia)
Authors: Ripp G.S. , Doroshkevich A.G. , Posokhov V.F. , Izbrodin I.A. , Konopel’ko D.L. , Sergeev S.A.
Published: April 2011

The paper presents geochronological data on silicate and endogenic carbonate rocks from the Oshurkovo apatite-bearing pluton, namely, the U-Pb and Rb-Sr isochron ages of gabbros and carbonatites.

The U-Pb age of the carbonatites from this pluton (126.55 ± 0.85 Ma) is close to that of the other carbonatite occurrences in southwestern Transbaikalia. Also, its similarity to the age of the gabbro (125.4 ± 2 Ma), which makes up the bulk of the pluton, suggests that these rocks are comagmatic.
The Villa of Cardinal Alessandro Albani, Hon.F.S.A.
Authors: Collier W.O.
Published: April 2011

Cardinal Alessandro Albani was probably the most renowned collector of antiquities in eighteenth century Italy. His Roman villa, planned to display them, was built at various dates here discussed in the light of Albani's antedecents, upbringing and career as diplomatist, antiquary and amateur architect. The stylistic origins of the villa are considered together with its influence on later architects, notably Percier and Fontaine and the brothers Adam. Excerpts are given from the course of visits to Roman sites by the cicerone James Byres which illustrate the climate of informed opinion on architecture in late eighteenth-century Rome, where the works of the Cardinal's painter Mengs and librarian Winckelmann were receiving wide acclaim.
Iron Age and Roman Quern Production at Lodsworth, West Sussex
Authors: Peacock D. P. S.
Published: April 2011

This paper describes the discovery, by geological and archaeological fieldwork, of a major Iron Age and Roman quern quarry which was supplying much of south-east and south-midland England. The debitage from the site is described and the chronological development of querns from the quarry assessed in the light of material found on habitation sites. It is argued that production reached a peak the first century A.D. The broad distribution of Lodsworth products during the Iron Age, and to a lesser extent during the Roman period, is discussed.
The Harefield Entertainment and the Cult of Elizabeth I
Authors: Wilson Jean
Published: April 2011

In the summer of 1602 at Harefield Elizabeth I was presented with the last great country-house Entertainment of her reign. Although it survives in fragments, it is possible to see that the Entertainment both adheres to the traditions of the court cult of the Queen and develops and adds variety to them. Pastoral is tamed into the world of Home Counties farming. The identification of the Queen with the Queen of the Fairies, instead of being that of a romantic heroine, is domesticated into the folk tradition of the fairies who reward good housewives. Other personifications of the Queen as good housewife are remarked. The entertainment has an elegiac tone, appropriate to the sense that the Queen's age must make her death increasingly possible.
Symbolism and Survival: Medieval Horns of Tenure
Authors: Cherry John
Published: April 2011

Horns were often preserved not for their aesthetic qualities but for their significance as symbols of either office or tenure. This article discusses horns associated with forests and shows how their symbolic interest led to their preservation and study by antiquaries.
The Maternal Ancestry of Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753), and the Household of Ann Hamilton (c 1612–89), Countess of Clanbrassil
Authors: Crossley Evans M J
Published: April 2011

The uncertainty about Sir Hans Sloane's maternal family already existed in his own lifetime, and it is clear that both Sir Hans, and his brother William Sloane of Chelsea, had hazy knowledge of their mother's family. In 1726, both brothers applied for a grant of arms, almost thirty-five years after their mother's death. Sir Hans's scholarly biographer, Dr E St John Brooks, states that the associated pedigree records Sir Hans's mother as one Sarah Hickes, daughter of ‘Dr Hickes, an eminent divine, prebendary of the cathedral church of Winchester, and chaplain to Dr Laud, archbishop of Canterbury; and accompanying to Ireland Anne, the eldest daughter of Henry, earl of Monmouth, and wife of James Hamilton, Lord Viscount Claneboy and earl of Clanbrazil.
The Kirtle, or Surcoat, and Mantle of the Most Noble Order of the Garter Worn by Christian IV, King of Denmark and Norway
Authors: Arnold Janet
Published: April 2011

Christian IV, King of Denmark and Norway, was appointed to the Most Noble Order of the Garter in 1603, after his brother-in-law, James VI of Scotland, had succeeded to the English throne. A copy of a warrant dated 28 September 1603 lists the work of the tailor, John Danson, and the embroiderers John Parr and William Broderick (fig. 1), preparing a set of Garter robes for him. John Danson made a purple velvet mantle (fig. 2), a crimson velvet kirtle, or surcoat (fig. 3), and a crimson velvet tippet and hood, all lined with white taffeta.
The Architecture of St Davids Cathedral: Chronology, Catastrophe and Design
Authors: Stalley Roger
Published: April 2011

This article reassesses the design of the nave of St Davids Cathedral in the light of modern scholarship, arguing that the cathedral has been a victim of an overly historicist approach to architectural writing. New documentary evidence is presented, including information about the existence of two churches on the site. Anomalies in the west bay are defined and some of the explanations offered by Lovegrove (1922, 1926) are rejected. Following an analysis of the design, the background of the scheme is firmly located in an English west-country environment and suggestions of French influence are dismissed. Although a vault may have been envisaged when the nave was first begun, it is unlikely that a stone vault was ever erected. Nonetheless, the design of the nave emerges as a more significant and creative piece of architecture than is generally realized.
Robert Reid and the Early Involvement of the State in the Care of Scottish Ecclesiastical Buildings and Sites
Authors: Fawcett Richard
Published: April 2011

As a result of the Act of Annexation of 1587, and the removal of bishops from the Scottish church in 1689, the Crown in Scotland incidentally acquired ownership of a large number of monastic and cathedral churches. By the late eighteenth century, as interest in medieval architecture grew, occasional grants were made towards their maintenance; but between 1827 and 1839, when a Scottish Office of Works was established under the architect Robert Reid, major efforts began to be made to stabilise considerable numbers of those buildings. The approaches to this work are of interest for what they tell us about emerging attitudes to architectural conservation.
The Remedius and Maximus Reliquary
Authors: Bertram Jerome , Goodall John A
Published: April 2011

The Carmelite monastery of Hoogstraat, like many English communities on the Continent, acquired a considerable number of treasures over the centuries, many of which were somehow smuggled into England when the nuns fled the Revolution, remaining at Chichester until the community was finally dissolved in 1994. Although much was sold, the major Carmelite relics went to Rome and the remaining relics were given to the Oxford Oratory. Among those now in Oxford is an important medieval silver-gilt reliquary, which has been deposited at the Ashmolean Museum.
VI. Count Amadeus of Savoy's Visit to England in 1292
Authors: Taylor A. J.
Published: April 2011

Amongst the records of the house of Savoy preserved in the Archivio di Stato at Turin, in the repository known as the Sezioni Riunite, there are to be found what are probably some of the earliest quasi-royal household accounts now surviving outside this country. Dating from 1269 onwards, they include nine rolls of the years of Count Philip of Savoy (1268–85) and some twenty-five of his nephew Amadeus the Great (Count Amadeus V, 1285–1325). Five of the earlier group were printed by Mario Chiaudano before the Second World War, but so far as is known none of Amadeus's accounts are available for study except in the original. They are, however, of great interest, and by reason of the closeness of the Anglo-Savoyard relationship in the time of Edward I especially deserve the attention of English scholars. They record journeyings of the counts that add up to an itinerary second only to that of that much-travelled king himself, and the details of guests and messengers constantly underline the links between the two courts. Sometimes they help to fill in the background of diplomacy, as for instance when they tell us that amongst those dining with Count Amadeus at Cambrai on 27th December 1296 were the bishop of Chester, Sir Otto de Grandison, Master John of Berwick, and Sir Hugh le Despenser; sometimes they leave us guessing at lesser matters, for example, as to what construction should be placed on the payment, a few weeks later, of 13s. 10d. to a little Englishman (parvo Anglico) who carried the ‘moulds for the bells’ (aportanti modulos campanarum)—if that is indeed the meaning—from St. Quentin to Cambrai, and thence on from Cambrai to Chambéry. One of the longest and, from the point of view of its English content, most important of these accounts is that covering a period of more than a year in 1302–3, during which Amadeus crossed twice into England, spending liberally, on each occasion, on London-made purchases to send or take home to Savoy. Amongst them we find such choice acquisitions as nineteen gold rings bought for 76s. sterling by the count at Odiham on New Year's day (‘… in xix. anulis auri emptis per dominum apud Odiham die Martis anni novi’ (1st January 1303)) perhaps for immediate dispatch as seasonable gifts to friends at home, the very next entry being a sum of 50s. sterling paid to send a courier, Raymond de Festerna, from Farnham to Savoy and Geneva; or a gold private seal and chain (‘… in sigillo domini Comitis secreto aureo et cathena ipsius aurea et factura ipsius sigilli et cathene preter partem auri quod tradidit dominus… 31s. 3d. sterl' ’); or two paintings of the Trois Vifs et Trois Marts (‘… in duabus tabulis depictis trium mortuorum et vivorum emptis per dominum, 40s. 6d.’).
VII. The Glazing of the Collegiate Church of the Holy Trinity, Tattershall (Lincs.): a Study of Late Fifteenth-century Glass-Painting Workshops
Authors: Marks Richard
Published: April 2011

Royal assent to the foundation in the parish church of Tattershall (Lincs.) of a college dedicated to the Holy Trinity, the Virgin, and SS. Peter, John the Baptist, and John the Evangelist was granted on 14th July 1439. The establishment was to consist of a Master or Warden, six priests, six clerks, and six choristers, and with an almshouse for thirteen paupers attached to the college, under the charge of the Master or Warden. The main purpose of the college was to pray for the souls of King Henry VI, Ralph, Lord Cromwell (the founder), and his parents, friends, and benefactors, and especially for the soul of his grandmother Maud Cromwell.
VII. Ightham Mote: Politics and Architecture in Early Tudor England
Authors: Starkey David
Published: April 2011

Ightham Mote in Kent is one of the most beautiful of English country houses; it is also one of the most important. It stands at the foot of a steep hill, four-square and surrounded by the moat that gives it its name. Directly from the water rises the picturesquely irregular exterior. Most of the lower courses and the whole west or gatehouse front are of Kentish ragstone; much of the upper storey, however, is half-timbered. This mixture reveals the chief fact in the history of the house. It is a late medieval building, extensively remodelled in the early sixteenth century (pl. LII).

The works were carried out by Sir Richard Clement, a minor Tudor courtier (pl. LIII a), and they embody his political and social ambitions with remarkable faithfulness. At the same time, the clarity of Clement's statement reflects back on his own society and raises important questions about the nature of both early Tudor art and politics and the relationship between them. I begin by tracing Clement's career to the time of his purchase of Ightham Mote; then the rebuilding of the house is described and its decorations placed within the context of the early Tudor court style; finally, the possible political significance of the style is explored, partly in terms of its origins and partly through an account of Clement's later career as a Kentish gentleman.
I. The Roman Silver Cups from Hockwold, Norfolk
Authors: Johns Catherine
Published: April 2011

On 2nd February 1962, a group of crushed silver objects was found by Mr. W. F. Curtis at Blackdyke Farm, Hockwold-cum-Wilton, on the south-eastern edge of the Fens (TL 687883, see fig. 1). Though severely damaged and fragmented by deliberate breakage in antiquity and by the effects of burial, the objects were recognizable as Roman silver drinking-cups, some elaborately decorated. They were declared Treasure Trove on 20th February 1962, and were subsequently acquired by the British Museum.
III.—An Unrecorded Map of London
Authors: Holmes Martin
Published: April 2011

The story of the Tower of Babel appears to have been a popular subject with the sixteenth-century Flemish painter Martin van Valckenborgh. He painted it on wood, he painted it on copper, he painted it on a large scale, as in a version at Budapest, he painted it on a small scale, as in a little copper version once in the collection of Charles I. William Beckford had one in his collection at Lansdown Tower, and it was described in such detail when his daughter sold the Tower and its contents in 1845 that it can be almost certainly identified with one that came up in a sale in Vienna nearly sixty years ago, and yet another version, also on copper, was recently acquired by the London Museum (pl. xxxvii).
VI.—Recent Discoveries in the Bodleian Library
Authors: Myres J. N. L.
Published: April 2011

The group of medieval and seventeenth-century buildings which forms the subject of this paper lies in the centre of academic Oxford, between the site of the city wall on the north, Exeter College and its garden on the west and south, and the old Schools Quadrangle on the east. It constitutes indeed the heart of the medieval university. In writing to Humphrey, duke of Gloucester, on 14th July 1444 the authorities described the site as eminently suitable for a library because it was somewhat remote from secular noises. In spite of a marked increase in secular noises over the past 500 years in traffic-ridden Oxford, this description remains substantially true today. The buildings, erected then and later, remain in external appearance almost exactly as they are depicted in David Loggan's Oxonia Illustrate. of 1675 (pl. xxvii). They comprise the Divinity School, for which the university was already collecting money and laying the foundations in 1423 ; Duke Humphrey's Library, built over it in the forty-five years following the letter to Duke Humphrey of 1444; Arts End and the Proscholium added at right angles to the east by Sir Thomas Bodley in 1610–12; and Selden End with the Convocation House below, attached similarly to the west in 1637–40. The three upper rooms, Duke Humphrey, Selden End, Arts End, form the core of the ancient buildings of the Bodleian Library: they have been continuously in use for library purposes for between 320 and 360 years.
Image analysis of expanding laser-produced lithium plasma plume in variable transverse magnetic field
Authors: Kumar Ajai , George Sony , Singh R.K. , Joshi Hem , Nampoori V.P.N.
Published: April 2011

Using fast imaging technique, the effect of transverse magnetic field on the shape and dynamics of the lithium plasma plume has been studied. Enhancement in the overall emission intensity as well as appearance of distinct structures (lobes) in the plasma plume in the presence of magnetic field has been observed. By introducing a variable magnetic field, the influence of J × B force in expanding plasma plume across the transverse magnetic field has been explored. It appears that J × B force does not has a substantial role in the observed structures in the present case rather different atomic processes, which get affected due to change in plasma parameters, are responsible for appearance of these structures.
Enhanced Manual and Oral Motor Reaction Time in Young Adult Female Fragile X Premutation Carriers
Authors: Goodrich-Hunsaker Naomi J. , Wong Ling M. , McLennan Yingratana , Tassone Flora , Harvey Danielle , Rivera Susan M. , Simon Tony J.
Published: April 2011

A previous study reported preliminary results of enhanced processing of simple visual information in the form of faster reaction times, in female fragile X premutation carriers (fXPCs). In this study, we assessed manual and oral motor reaction times in 30 female fXPCs and 20 neurotypical (NT) controls. Participants completed two versions of the reaction time task; one version required a manual motor response and the other version required an oral motor response. Results revealed that the female fXPCs displayed faster reaction times for both manual and oral motor responses relative to NT controls. Molecular measures including CGG repeat length, FMR1 mRNA levels, and age were not associated with performance in either group. Given previously reported age and CGG repeat modulated performance on a magnitude comparison task in this same group of premutation carriers, results from the current study seem to suggest that female fXPCs may have spared basic psychomotor functionality. (JINS, 2011, 17, 746–750)
Still not digging, much
Authors: Cherry John F.
Published: April 2011

The impulse to keep excavating, set against widespread failures to publish in a timely manner, has created a crisis of confidence for archaeology. This is especially so in Europe and North America, where contract archaeology has witnessed dramatic growth in recent decades, but it is not universally the case. Far from being the defining practice of the discipline, excavation is not the only technique for generating data relevant to archaeological problems and, ideally, should be deployed as one element in multi-stage, multi-scalar fieldwork strategies. In any given situation in different parts of the world, many locally specific factors affect the role and relative importance of excavation. Examples are given from the author's recent fieldwork in Greece, southern Armenia and the eastern Caribbean.
MULTIPLE-CONCLUSION LP AND DEFAULT CLASSICALITY
Authors: BEALL JC
Published: April 2011

Philosophical applications of familiar paracomplete and paraconsistent logics often rely on an idea of ‘default classicality’. With respect to the paraconsistent logic LP (the dual of Strong Kleene or K3), such ‘default classicality’ is standardly cashed out via an LP-based nonmonotonic logic due to Priest (1991, 2006a). In this paper, I offer an alternative approach via a monotonic multiple-conclusion version of LP.
Process‐based, morphodynamic hindcast of decadal deposition patterns in San Pablo Bay, California, 1856–1887
Authors: van der Wegen M. , Jaffe B. E. , Roelvink J. A.
Published: April 2011

This study investigates the possibility of hindcasting‐observed decadal‐scale morphologic change in San Pablo Bay, a subembayment of the San Francisco Estuary, California, USA, by means of a 3‐D numerical model (Delft3D). The hindcast period, 1856–1887, is characterized by upstream hydraulic mining that resulted in a high sediment input to the estuary. The model includes wind waves, salt water and fresh water interactions, and graded sediment transport, among others. Simplified initial conditions and hydrodynamic forcing were necessary because detailed historic descriptions were lacking. Model results show significant skill. The river discharge and sediment concentration have a strong positive influence on deposition volumes. Waves decrease deposition rates and have, together with tidal movement, the greatest effect on sediment distribution within San Pablo Bay. The applied process‐based (or reductionist) modeling approach is valuable once reasonable values for model parameters and hydrodynamic forcing are obtained. Sensitivity analysis reveals the dominant forcing of the system and suggests that the model planform plays a dominant role in the morphodynamic development. A detailed physical explanation of the model outcomes is difficult because of the high nonlinearity of the processes. Process formulation refinement, a more detailed description of the forcing, or further model parameter variations may lead to an enhanced model performance, albeit to a limited extent. The approach potentially provides a sound basis for prediction of future developments. Parallel use of highly schematized box models and a process‐based approach as described in the present work is probably the most valuable method to assess decadal morphodynamic development.
MiD49 and MiD51, new components of the mitochondrial fission machinery
Authors: Palmer Catherine S , Osellame Laura D , Laine David , Koutsopoulos Olga S , Frazier Ann E , Ryan Michael T
Published: April 2011

Mitochondria form intricate networks through fission and fusion events. Here, we identify mitochondrial dynamics proteins of 49 and 51 kDa (MiD49 and MiD51, respectively) anchored in the mitochondrial outer membrane. MiD49/51 form foci and rings around mitochondria similar to the fission mediator dynamin‐related protein 1 (Drp1). MiD49/51 directly recruit Drp1 to the mitochondrial surface, whereas their knockdown reduces Drp1 association, leading to unopposed fusion. Overexpression of MiD49/51 seems to sequester Drp1 from functioning at mitochondria and cause fused tubules to associate with actin. Thus, MiD49/51 are new mediators of mitochondrial division affecting Drp1 action at mitochondria.
Replication and Extension of Association Between Common Genetic Variants in SIM1 and Human Adiposity
Authors: Swarbrick Michael M. , Evans Daniel S. , Valle Maria. I. , Favre Hélène , Wu Shi‐Hsuan , Njajou Omer T. , Li Rongling , Zmuda Joseph M. , Miljkovic Iva , Harris Tamara B. , Kwok Pui‐Yan , Vaisse Christian , Hsueh Wen‐Chi
Published: April 2011

Haplo‐insufficiency of the bHLH (basic helix‐loop‐helix) transcription factor single‐minded 1 (SIM1) causes severe obesity in mice and humans. We hypothesized that common genetic variations in/near SIM1 could exert more subtle effects on its function and associate with human adiposity. First, SIM1 coding regions were sequenced in severely obese subjects, and two common nonsynonymous single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in complete linkage disequilibrium (LD) were identified: Pro352Thr (rs3734354) and Ala371Val (rs3734355). We next carried out a SNP association study of five adiposity traits (BMI, % body fat, abdominal visceral and subcutaneous fat, and leptin concentrations) in 1,699 whites and 1,173 blacks. TagSNPs covering SIM1 and nearby conserved regions, and the only common nsSNP in SIM1's binding partner aryl‐hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator 2 (ARNT2) (Gly679Ser/rs4072568), were investigated. The effects of rs3734355/4 on SIM1 activity were tested using an in vitro reporter assay. We replicated previous observations that homozygosity for the 371Val allele was associated with higher BMI in white males (P = 0.003). Together with previous findings in white males (combined n = 3,479), BMI was increased by 1.10 kg/m2 in 371Val homozygotes (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.25–1.95 kg/m2, P = 0.01). In vitro, the 352Thr‐371Val haplotype impaired SIM1 transcriptional activity by 22% (P < 0.0001). TagSNP analysis of SIM1 revealed two SNPs in the 3′ region (rs9390322 and rs7746743) and another in intron 5 (rs3734353) to be significantly associated with various adiposity measures in ethnicity‐ and sex‐specific manners after multiple testing correction. In white males, rs4072568 in ARNT2 was also associated with BMI (P = 9 × 10−4) and % body fat (P = 0.001). Our findings implicate heritable defects of the SIM1‐ARNT2 axis in the predisposition to human obesity.