bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BAG SKÆRMEN PÅ EN DIGITAL PLATFORM
Authors: Felding Simone Anna , Schwennesen Nete
Published: December 2021

I denne artikel undersøges det manuelle og algoritmiske arbejde, der foregår bag skærmen på en digital platform, som er designet til at afhjælpe og forebygge ensomhed. Platformen udbydes til kommuner af en privat virksomhed og finansieres af kommunerne via et abonnement, som giver kommunens borgere fuld adgang til at oprette sig som brugere og benytte platformen gratis. Baseret på en etnografisk undersøgelse af virksomheden, kommuner og brugere ser vi nærmere på det omfattende og usynlige arbejde, der foregår bag skærmen på Venskabsportalens brugergrænseflade og viser, hvordan dette arbejde artikuleres og mobiliseres manuelt såvel som digitalt via algoritmer. Konkret viser dette arbejde sig gennem et omfattende manuelt og digitalt screeningsarbejde samt online og offline promoveringen af platformen. Vi viser, hvordan det er en krævende og omfattende proces, som er rettet mod, at brugere er aktive på platformen, at de får svar, at de har tillid til den, samt at kommunerne forbliver tilfredse med samarbejdet. Hermed udfordres forståelsen af platformen som neutral, automatisk og teknisk, og den fremstår i stedet som en skrøbelig anordning af forbindelser mellem mennesker og teknologi, som kontinuerligt skal vedligeholdes for ikke at bryde sammen. Vi viser, hvordan der opstår et paradoksalt forhold til teknologien, når Venskabsportalen på den ene side mobiliserer en forestilling om platformen som en teknologi, der er i stand til at fungere automatisk, og på den anden side må indgå i et krævende usynligt integrationsarbejde for at få den til at indfri de forventninger, kommunerne har til platformen. Hermed opretholdes forestillingen om teknologien som et teknisk og neutralt værktøj, som på ironisk vis både udgør en forudsætning og en mulig trussel for virksomhedens forretningsmodel. Herudover peger vi på, at der er et tillidsparadoks iboende i platformen, hvor screening og justering af indhold på en og samme tid er afgørende for at opretholde platformen som et trygt rum, hvor brugerne ikke oplever negative reaktioner på deres sårbarhed og åbenhed, men at virksomheden samtidig risikerer at bryde den tillid ved at redigere for meget i indholdet og hermed blive for synlig over for brugere og kommuner.

Søgeord: privat-offentligt samarbejde, digitale platforme, ensomhed, digital etnografi, digital infrastruktur, kunstfærdigt integrationsarbejde
VÆRKTØJ TIL FÆLLESSKAB
Authors: Mortensen Sophia Forchhammer
Published: December 2021

Artiklen omhandler et makerspace i Vancouver, Canada. Gennem empiriske eksempler fra eget feltarbejde i efteråret 2017 udforsker jeg, hvilke betydninger værktøj har for brugere af Vancouver Tool Library. Jeg argumenterer for, at værktøj foruden at være en fysisk teknologi også fremstår som en social teknologi, idet brugerne anvender det til at skabe mening og selverkendelse. Jeg konkluderer, at værktøjet, der lånes i Vancouver Tool Library, bliver tillagt særlig værdi, fordi det har forbindelse til makerspacet, og at dette har indflydelse på, hvordan brugerne forstår det. Værktøjet indgår herigennem i et hverdagspolitisk projekt, som brugerne løbende engagerer sig i gennem deres engagement i makerspacet.

Søgeord: værktøjsbibliotek, makerspace, social teknologi, Nordamerika, adgangsbaseret forbrug
Sofie Danneskiold-Samsøe, Yvonne Mørck & Bo Wagner Sørensen: Æresrelateret social kontrol: teori og praksis i socialt arbejde
Authors: Grüner Jeppe Schmidt
Published: December 2021

Sofie Danneskiold-Samsøe, Yvonne Mørck & Bo Wagner Sørensen: Æresrelateret social kontrol: teori og praksis i socialt arbejde

Anmeldes af Jeppe Schmidt Grüner
ENGLISH SUMMARIES
Authors: Tidsskriftet Antropologi
Published: December 2021

English summaries
Arternes ambassadører
Authors: Hansen Nina Tofte
Published: December 2021

Artstale: Arternes ambassadører
METODER FOR EN FLERARTSANTROPOLOGI
Authors: Swanson Heather Anne
Published: December 2021

Denne artikel argumenterer for, at flerartsantropologiens fokus på ikke-mennesker udgør en „mindre antropologi“, som udfordrer eksisterende antropologiske kategorier, men også disciplinens metoder. Med reference til mit studie af stillehavslaks undersøger jeg, hvordan og hvorfor antropologer kan og bør udforske de måder, hvorpå laks i samarbejde med naturvidenskabelige forskere „konstituerer“ verdener. I samarbejde med biologer undersøger jeg både lakseskæl og otolitter (øresten), hvis krystalliseringsmønstre fungerer som en slags dagbog, der materialiserer laksens vandringer og relationer. Med et antropologisk blik spørger jeg til, hvordan man kan bruge analysen af fiskeskæl og otolitter til at lære om, hvordan forskellige arter mødes på måder, som den klassiske etnografi ofte overser. Endelig viser jeg, hvordan antropologer kan engagere sig med naturvidenskabelige metodiske værktøjer, samtidig med at de bevarer en kritisk indstilling til, hvad disse værktøjer betyder for vores måder at skabe viden på.

Søgeord: dyrestudier, videnspraksisser, mindre antropologier, flerartsetnografi, laks, samfundsvidenskabelige metoder
En rejse i det antropocæne
Authors: Vintov Katrine
Published: December 2021

Rejsebeskrivelser fra Feral Atlas: En rejse i det antropocæne
MINDEORD: NIELS FOCK (1927-2020)
Authors: Hastrup Kirsten
Published: December 2021

Mindeord: Niels Fock (1927-2020)
MINDEORD: ET PERSONLIGT MINDEORD OM NIELS FOCK
Authors: Kvaale Katja
Published: December 2021

Mindeord: Et personligt mindeord om Niels Fock
Georg Simmel’s Social Aesthetics and the Digital Public Sphere
Authors: Serafini Luca
Published: December 2021

In this paper I use concepts of Georg Simmel’s social aesthetics to investigate and describe several relational and communicative dynamics that occur in the digital public sphere—where the aesthetic dimension has now assumed great importance. Specifically, Simmel’s work proves to be more suited than Habermas’s for understanding the mechanisms of “typification” and “gamification” found in online interactions between individuals. I further argue that, on the Web, these mechanisms in particular are responsible for blocking the exchange of opinions and meanings on subjects of public interest, thereby betraying the universal, societal outcomes of Simmel’s social aesthetics.
NOVEL NANOSIZED FRICTION MODIFIERS FOR ENGINE, GEARBOX AND ROLLING BEARINGS LUBRICANTS
Authors: Senatore Adolfo , Sarno Maria , Ciambelli Paolo
Published: December 2021

In this paper the tribological performances of graphene oxide nanosheets in mineral oil under wide spectrum of conditions, from boundary and mixed lubrication to elastohydrodynamic regimes, are reported. Nanosheets of graphene oxide prepared by a modified Hummer method have been dispersed in Group I mineral oil. The formulated lubricant has been tested through a ball on disc setup tribometer to quantify the friction reduction with respect to the base mineral oil. The good friction and anti-wear properties of the graphene-oil mixture may possibly be attributed to the small structure of the nanosheets and their extremely thin laminated structure, which offer lower shear stress and prevent direct interaction between metal asperities in engine applications as well as gearbox environment. The results clearly prove that graphene platelets in oil easily form protective film to prevent the direct contact between steel surfaces and, thereby, improve the frictional behaviour of the base oil. This evidence is also related to the frictional coefficient trend in the boundary regime. Furthermore, hybrid organic–inorganic nanocomposites with different composition were successfully tested as antifriction and antiwear additives for grease lubricants as potential breakthrough media in rolling bearings applications.
IMPROVING PERFORMANCE AND APPLICABILITY OF GREEN COMPOSITE MATERIALS BY HYBRIDIZATION
Authors: Fragassa Cristiano , Santulli Carlo , Pavlović Ana , Šljivić Milan
Published: December 2021

A growing concern over environmental issues and the common interest to find a viable alternative to the use of glass or carbon composite reinforcements has led to an increased attention in ecologically sustainable polymer composites. These „green” materials are made by natural fibers, as reinforcement, filled with natural-organic fillers, i.e. derived from renewable or biodegradable sources. At the same time, this relatively new class of materials faces several limits in comparison to traditional composites especially regarding the properties of resistance. This paper investigates the advantages of use of combination of natural fibers for improving mechanical proprieties of „green” composite materials. At the moment, the prevailing opinion is that green composites are not usable in structural applications, and, as a consequence, have to be relegated to unworthy applications (as fillers). On the contrary, there are several evidences that mixing different natural fibers (in practice usually called „hybridization”) leads to an improvement of these material properties. Although usually quite limited in terms of percentage, these improvements from time to time allow a new enlargement in the fields of applications for green composites. Following a large state-of-the-art on green composites, including potential benefits and limits of these materials, the paper proposes several examples of hybridization showing its effect on mechanical proprieties.
DETERMINATION OF WORKING INTERVALS OF POWER DENSITY FOR LASER MARKING OF 50ChN STEEL
Authors: Angelov Nikolay
Published: December 2021

Studies relate to two basic methods of steel marking − by melting and by evaporation. Based on theoretical considerations, preliminary intervals of power density for laser marking of 50 ChN steel are determined. Experiments are carried out with fiber laser, operating in the near infrared area. Graphics on the dependence of contrast of marking from the power density of laser radiation for two methods of marking were developed. Working intervals of the power density for marking by melting and by evaporation for visual perception of marking and using the readers were defined.
INVESTIGATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON SOLAR MODULES IN RELATION TO THEIR GEOGRAPHICAL ORIENTATION AND TILT ANGLE
Authors: Mirjanić Dragoljub , Maksimović Siniša , Divnić Darko , Pavlović Tomislav , Pantić Lana , Milosavljević Dragana
Published: December 2021

Investigation of the polycrystalline solar modules energy efficiency in relation to their tilt angle and geographical orientation in the real meteorological conditions are presented in this paper. The experimental system comprises five polycrystalline silicon modules, with single power 50 Wp, three of which are placed vertically and oriented towards the East, South and West, respectively, the fourth is horizontal, while the fifth is oriented toward the South at the angle of 33º (optimally inclined solar module). The measurement period was from 01 August to 01 December, 2014. The optimally inclined solar module generated the most of total monthly energy for all four months. The most of total monthly energy was generated in August, by the optimally inclined solar module (6.07 kWh), horizontal solar module (5.69 kWh), the vertical solar module oriented toward the East (2.42 kWh) and the vertical solar module oriented toward the West (2.52 kWh), respectively. Energy efficiency of optimally inclined solar module for the entire measurement period was 14.27%, 11.41% for the horizontal, 10.37% for the South, 5.79% for the East and 5.23% for the West module. The obtained results can be used in modern architecture, for the application of the solar modules as roof and façade elements.
POSSIBLE APPROACHES TO LCA METHODOLOGY FOR NANOMATERIALS IN SUSTAINABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION
Authors: Perić Milica , Hut Igor , Pelemiš Svetlana , Matija Lidija
Published: December 2021

Nano-engineered materials are playing an ever growing role in the rapidly developing field of sustainable energy production. Besides providing numerous opportuni-ties for innovations in this domain, utilisation of nanostructured materials raises numerous doubts regarding their impact on the environment and possible adverse effects on human health. Providing reliable methods for analysis, evaluation and dealing with the environ-mental and health effects of nanotechnology is therefore crucial. In this article we will try to give an outline of possible approaches to deployment of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tools to nanomaterials used in certain applications for sustainable energy production. Use of such methods should also provide the possibility of comparing these new, emerging, technologies with that of already existing conventional ones in terms of their environmental, health and safety impacts.
ENERGY EFFICIENCY, RENEWABLES AND ECONOMY
Authors: Đurović Momir
Published: December 2021

The paper gives results of the investigation of the impact of energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy sources on the economy in the world. In relation to this, it is also noted that energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy sources play a vital role in meeting the needs for energy and global climate changes worldwide. Furthermore, a survey is presented of the measures that are being taken in promoting the use of renewable energy sources and the increase of the energy efficiency in Europe and other countries in the world.
Loomislugu filosoofias: hr Berkeley vastus Lady Percivalile
Authors:   University of Tartu, Estonia, Jakapi Roomet
Published: December 2021

The paper discusses George Berkeley’s metaphysical account of the Creation in his work Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous (1713). As we know from Berkeley’s correspondence, his detailed attempt to show that his immaterialist philosophy is compatible with the Mosaic description of the Creation was occasioned by an objection from the wife of his friend Sir John Percival. According to Berkeley’s philosophy, only minds and ideas exist. Physical things such as books and trees are mere collections of ideas in human minds. No thing can exist unless there is a mind to perceive it. Yet the Mosaic story states that many things were created and existed before humans came into being. Lady Percival pointed out that Berkeley’s view makes it hard to understand how things could be created if there were no human beings around to perceive them. In response, Berkeley offered a sophisticated metaphysical construct in which the creation of the physical world is interpreted as God’s decree to produce certain kinds of ideas in potential perceivers. The paper aims to show how Berkeley’s response to Lady Percival’s objection reflects the complicated relationship between philosophy and revealed religion in the early 18th century. Berkeley’s commitment to biblical truth sets significant limits to his philosophical speculation.
Õpimustritest muusikateose omandamisel klaveri algõppes
Authors:   Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre, Kala Veeda , Ross Jaan ,   Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre
Published: December 2021

This article was inspired by the first author’s observations in the teaching process, which refer to different learning patterns in studying a piece of music. I have noticed that although I teach all the students by using quite the same methods, part of them remember the pieces rather quickly and they prefer to play and practise them from memory. Some others, on the other hand, prefer to play from notes, and they continue doing it during the whole learning process. The aim of this article is to find, by an evidence-based method, the occurrence of the abovementioned learning patterns and describe their characteristic features. In case peculiarities occur, which can be projected against the typology of different learning patterns, it is possible to study connections with the earlier learning styles and learning and information processing theories. It also enables us to offer applications for a more person-centred approach in piano pedagogy to enhance both the learning process, student-teacher collaboration, and the student’s development as well as make them subjectively more pleasant for both parties. To investigate the learning patterns in basic piano studies, I video-recorded the classes with students of possibly similar backgrounds, giving them tasks testing their memory and note-reading skills. Based on the analysis of the collected information, I made conclusions about the existence and nature of hypothetical intuitive learning patterns. The interesting observations made by formal and non-formal examination add material for future in-depth studies, as the described phenomenon should be approached, above all, as a continuum, which enables us to estimate students’ inclination towards one or the other side to a greater or lesser extent, and consequently, the application of a better adapted teaching strategies.
Macrobenthic community responses to multiple environmental stressors in a subtropical estuary
Authors: Souza Fernanda M. , Gilbert Eliandro R. , Brauko Kalina M. , Lorenzi Luciano , Machado Eunice , Camargo Mauricio G.
Published: December 2021

We assessed how multi- and univariate models reflect marine environmental health based on macrobenthic community responses to three environmental stressor categories: hydrodynamics, organic enrichment and metal contamination. We then compared the models with the benthic index AMBI (AZTI Marine Biotic Index). Macrobenthic community and physicochemical variables were sampled at 35 sites along Babitonga Bay, a subtropical estuary in Southern Brazil. Distance-based linear modelling identified depth, grain size and organic matter as well as Cu and Zn as key stressors affecting the macrobenthos. Using canonical analysis of principal coordinates (CAP), we developed three multivariate models based on the variability in community composition, creating stress gradients. The metal gradient showed better correlation with the benthic community. Sediment quality indices (Geoaccumulation Index and Contamination Factor) showed a low to moderate contamination status, with higher concentrations for Cr, Ni and Zn at the inner areas of the bay. According to AMBI, Babitonga Bay has a “good” environmental health status, and the AMBI values show stronger correlations with the hydrodynamic and organic enrichment gradients (r = 0.50 and r = 0.47) rather than the metal gradient (r = 0.29). Lumbrineridae polychaetes (not included in the AMBI list) and Scoloplos sp. were negatively related to the metal contamination gradient and were considered sensitive, while Sigambra sp., Magelona papillicornis, the gastropod Heleobia australis and species of the crustacean order Mysida were positively related to the gradient and considered tolerant to higher concentrations of metals in the sediment. Despite the inconsistency in the ecological classification provided by AMBI and its relationship with the metal gradient, our results suggest that the environmental quality was satisfactory for the studied gradients. The metal gradient showed the weakest correlation to AMBI. In such cases, the ecological classification of taxa by the index should be evaluated under the perspective of the action of inorganic genotoxic contaminants represented by metals.
Mitochondrial sequence diversity reveals the hybrid origin of invasive gibel carp (Carassius gibelio) populations in Hungary
Authors: Keszte Szilvia , Ferincz Arpad , Tóth-Ihász Katalin , Balogh Réka Enikő , Staszny Ádám , Hegyi Árpád , Takács Péter , Urbanyi Bela , Kovács Balázs
Published: December 2021

Background

Invasive gibel carp, Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) has become well-established in the Hungarian waters and now are spreading in the European waters. On major concern now is the potential hybridization between gibel carp and the other invasive species in the Carassius auratus complex (CAC), which may further accelerate the spread of the whole invasive species complex. The identification of gibel carp and their hybrids is difficult because of its morphological similarity to the other species in CAC. Here we carry out a genomic assessment to understand the history of gibel carp invasion and its phylogenetic relationship with the other species in CAC. Three loci of the mitochondrial genome (D-loop, CoI, Cytb) were used to determine the phylogenetic origin of individuals and relarionship among six gibel carp populations and the other species in the CAC.

Methodolgy

A total of 132 gibel carp samples from six locations in Southern Transdanubia (Hungary) were collected after phenotypic identification to measure the genetic diversity within and among gibel carp populations of Southern Transdanubia (Hungary). The genetic background was examined by the sequences of the mitochondrial genome: D-loop, Cytochrome c oxidase I (CoI) and Cytochrome b (Cytb). Mitochondrial genetic markers are excellent tools for phylogenetic studies because they are maternally inherited. Successfully identified haplotypes were aligned and with reference sequences in nucleotide databases (i.e., NCBI-BLAST: National Centre for Biotechnology Information and BOLD: Barcode of Life Data System). The phylogenetic relationships among gibel carp populations were then analyzed together with the reference sequences to understand the relationship and the level of hybridization with the species in CAC.

Results

Among the 132 aligned D-loop sequences 22 haplotypes were identified. Further examination of representative individuals of the 22 haplotypes, six Cytb and four CoI sequences were detected. The largest number of haplotypes of all three loci were found in Lake Balaton, the largest shallow lake in Central Europe. Based on the NCBI-BLAST alignment of the D-loop, haplotypes of Carassius auratus auratus and Carassius a. buergeri in CAC were identified in the C. gibelio samples. Further analysis of haplotypes with the other two mitochondrial markers confirmed the occurrence of intragenus hybridization of C. gibelio in the Hungarian waters.

Conclusion

By using three mitochondrial markers (D-loop, Cytb, CoI), we genomically characterized a gibel carp-complex in Hungarian waters and assessed the C. gibelio phylogenetic status between them. Hybrid origin of locally invasive Carassius taxon was detected in Hungary. It points out that invasive species are not only present in Hungary but reproduce with each other in the waters, further accelerating their spread.
Factors associated with psychosocial problems in Korean nursing and non-nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ha Jeongmin , Park Dahye
Published: December 2021

Background

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has changed our lives in many ways, including school closures and social distancing practices. These abrupt life changes may have led to psychosocial problems in college students. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with psychosocial problems in South Korean nursing and non-nursing students.

Methods

This descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted with 139 nursing and 147 non-nursing students (N = 286) between August 6 and October 30, 2020. We investigated participants’ general characteristics (that is, sociodemographic and health-promoting behaviors), sensitivity to COVID-19 infection, COVID-19 pandemic response indicators, and psychosocial problems. The factors associated with psychosocial problems were determined using multiple regression analysis.

Results

Among the COVID-19 pandemic response indicators, perceived health status during the COVID-19 pandemic was verified as a factor associated with psychosocial problems in nursing (β =  − 5.831, p < .001) and non-nursing students (β =  − 8.513, p < .001). Perceived stress (β = 1.263, p = .045), trust in policy (β = .892, p < .001), and religion (β =  − 1.424, p = .004) were verified as correlates of psychosocial problems in non-nursing students.

Conclusion

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, the stakeholders can use our study results to identify students experiencing psychosocial problems and subsequently as a theoretical background for developing intervention programs for those at a high risk of psychosocial problems. Additionally, it can be used as primary data for future research and practice regarding COVID-19 guidelines among students.
Leaf spot of Hosta ventricosa caused by Fusarium oxysporum in China
Authors: Wang Chunxia , Zhang Hulei , Wang Shenhai , Mao Shengfeng
Published: December 2021

Leaf spot of Hosta ventricosa is a new disease in China. This disease seriously affects the ornamental value and greening function of H. ventricosa. Identification of the causal agent can prevent and control leaf spot in H. ventricosa and promote the healthy development of the H. ventricosa industry. Known incidents of leaf spot of H. ventricosa occurred in three places, and samples were collected. After the fungus were isolated, its pathogenicity was tested according to Koch’s postulates. Isolates ZE-1b and ZE-2b were identified as Fusarium oxysporum based on morphological features and multigene phylogenetic analyses of calmodulin (CMDA), RNA polymerase II subunit A (RPB1), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1). These results provide a theoretical basis for the control of this disease of H. ventricosa.
Increased Risk of COVID‐19 in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A General Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Yilun , D'Silva Kristin M. , Jorge April M. , Li Xiaoxiao , Lyv Houchen , Wei Jie , Zeng Chao , Lei Guanghua , Zhang Yuqing
Published: December 2021

Objective

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at an increased risk of acquiring infections owing to immunologic dysfunction and use of potent immunomodulatory medications; however, few data are available on their risk of COVID‐19. We estimated the rate of COVID‐19 among RA participants and compared it with that of the general population.

Methods

Using the Health Improvement Network, we identified RA patients before February 2020 and followed them to September 2020. We calculated the rate of COVID‐19 among participants with RA and compared it with that of the general population using a Cox proportional hazards model, adjusting for potential confounders using overlap weighting of exposure score. We repeated the same analysis among participants with osteoarthritis, a nonautoimmune rheumatic disease, as a negative control exposure.

Results

We identified 225 cases of suspected and confirmed COVID‐19 among 17,268 RA patients, and 14,234 cases among 1,616,600 participants in the general population (1.4 versus 0.9/1,000 person‐months), with the adjusted hazard ratio (HRadj) being 1.19 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.04–1.36). Confirmed COVID‐19 cases developed in 46 RA participants and in 2,249 in the general population (0.3 versus 0.1/1,000 person‐months), with the HRadj being 1.42 (95% CI 1.01–1.95). No statistically significant difference was observed for suspected and confirmed (HR 1.00 [95% CI 0.93–1.07]) or confirmed (HR 1.08 [95% CI 0.92–1.27]) COVID‐19 rates between participants with osteoarthritis and the general population.

Conclusion

RA, but not osteoarthritis, was associated with an increased risk of COVID‐19. Our findings provide timely evidence to support recommendations that booster vaccines and priority access to anti–SARS–CoV‐2 monoclonal antibody treatments should be encouraged for RA patients.
Nacre‐Inspired, Efficient, and Multifunctional Soft Magnetic Composites by Cold Sintering Design
Authors: Zhou Tingchuan , Liu Ying , Li Jun , Wang Renquan , Du Jiao , Ye Jinwen , Chen Hongxing , Li Wangchang , Wu Chen , Zhang Huaiwu
Published: December 2021

Nacre‐mimetics hold great promise as integration of structure and function. Various techniques have been proposed to prepare nacre‐inspired materials, but in most cases, organic materials are usually used that decrease high‐temperature stability. Factually, efficient synthesis of nacre‐like high‐performance soft magnetic composites (SMCs) with good thermal stability is still challenging. Herein, a novel and simple strategy is reported on designing nacre‐like SMCs by cold sintering of ferrite‐coated alloy flakes with the absence of polymers. By selecting NH4HCO3 aqueous solution as transport solvent, a highly ordered nacre‐like structure and enhanced densification with large electrical resistivities and strong interfacial bonding are successfully achieved, which are superior to the cold‐sintered composites using water as transport solvent as well as the hot‐pressed composites based on alloy flakes and epoxy resin. The resultant composites illustrate large density (≈6.286 g cm−3) and electrical resistivity (≈3.9 × 105 Ω cm), allowing remarkable flexural strength (≈46.5 MPa), high permeability (μ′ = ≈107.3 at f = 10 MHz), together with low tanδ

μ
(≈0.09 at f = 10 MHz) and P
cv (≈183.6 kW m−3 at 50 mT/100 kHz), which show great potential in high‐frequency power electronic and electrical systems. The synthesis strategy sheds light on designing other nacre‐like materials or developing new metal−ceramic composites.
An Anti‐Swellable Hydrogel Strain Sensor for Underwater Motion Detection
Authors: Ren Jiayuan , Liu Yanhui , Wang Zengqiang , Chen Siqi , Ma Yifan , Wei Hua , Lü Shaoyu
Published: December 2021

Hydrogel‐based wearable electronic devices have received increasing attention. However, the construction of underwater strain sensors remains a significant challenge because of the swelling of hydrogels in an aquatic environment. This work presents the fabrication of an anti‐swellable hydrogel composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), a copolymer of [2‐(methacryloyloxy) ethyl]dimethyl‐(3‐sulfopropyl) ammonium hydroxide (SBMA) and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate. Interestingly, facile switch of the SBMA moiety from neutral to positively charged status at a low pH value leads to reduced osmotic pressure of the hydrogel for electrostatic repulsion‐driven elimination of water molecules and anti‐swelling. The resulting anti‐swellable hydrogel exhibits high toughness (518 kJ m−3) and compressive modulus (8.12 Mpa), ionic conductivity (up to 4.58 S m−1), and anti‐swelling behavior (equilibrium swelling ratio of 9% in water for 30 days). An underwater strain sensor based on this anti‐swellable hydrogel is further developed to monitor the movements of underwater sports. High sensitivity is achieved to identify multidirectional motions, including raising the head, swinging the arm, bending the elbow, knee and finger. Therefore, this study offers a facile strategy to generate hydrogel‐based sensors that can be adopted in an underwater environment as well as expands the potential applications of wearable electronic devices.
Mineral Hydrogel from Inorganic Salts: Biocompatible Synthesis, All‐in‐One Charge Storage, and Possible Implications in the Origin of Life
Authors: Li Bo , Liu Jiahua , Lyu Fucong , Deng Zhiqin , Yi Bo , Du Peng , Yao Xi , Zhu Guangyu , Xu Zhengtao , Lu Jian , Li Yang Yang
Published: December 2021

This study reports a novel hydrogel synthesized using only water and the inorganic salts of FeCl3.6H2O and (NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O, which offers a stable host for various ions (including Li+, Na+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, or Ca2+), affording high ionic conductivity. More interestingly, the redox pair Fe2+/Fe3+ of the gel renders considerable pseudo‐capacitance, delivering a high volumetric energy density (4.8 mWh cm−3, based on the one‐piece half‐cell) and cycling stability. This simple one‐piece approach is convenient and effective—by pairing the mineral gel‐based half‐cell with another matching electrode, a novel type of charge storage device is formed, with the gel serving as one electroactive material, the electrolyte, and the membrane separator. Furthermore, the mineral hydrogel reported here is of low cytotoxicity, self‐bondable and healable, and highly resistant against swelling and disintegrating, with no collapse or volume expansion observed even after being soaked in water for 60 days. To our knowledge, this is the first time that mineral hydrogels have been synthesized from all‐inorganic agents in a fully biocompatible setting, which also sheds light on the myth‐ridden topic of pre‐cell evolution in the prebiotic age.
Branched Polymer‐Based Redox/Enzyme‐Activatable Photodynamic Nanoagent to Trigger STING‐Dependent Immune Responses for Enhanced Therapeutic Effect
Authors: Luo Qiang , Duan Zhenyu , Li Xiaoling , Gu Lei , Ren Long , Zhu Hongyan , Tian Xiaohe , Chen Rongjun , Zhang Hu , Gong Qiyong , Gu Zhongwei , Luo Kui
Published: December 2021

Immune response in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is an essential therapeutic factor for antitumor therapy. Herein, to improve immunostimulatory effects, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is combined with AZD2281 to trigger the stimulator of interferon genes (STING)‐dependent immune responses. A synthetic branched polymer‐pyropheophorbide a (Ppa) conjugate (BGSSP) is designed and developed in response to redox/cathepsin B of the TME. This conjugate with a unique structure and a large molecular weight (MW) can self‐assemble into a compact structure via hydrophilic and hydrophobic forces, inducing self‐quenching of conjugated Ppa. AZD2281 is encapsulated in BGSSP to obtain a TME‐activatable photodynamic nanoagent, AZD@BGSSP. AZD@BGSSP with a stable assembly structure accumulates effectively in tumors and enters lysosomes through endocytosis pathways. Polymer degradation, Ppa activation, and AZD2281 release are achieved after exposure of AZD@BGSSP to highly expressed cathepsin B and glutathione in tumor cells. After laser irradiation, AD2281 inhibits the repair of damaged DNA caused by ROS from PDT and promotes generation of cytosolic DNA, which activates the cGAS‐STING pathway and further induces interferons‐mediated immune responses and a long‐term immune memory effect for immunotherapy. This nanoagent opens a new door to combination PDT and immune response for anti‐cancer treatment.
Enhancing the Low/Middle‐Frequency Electromagnetic Wave Absorption of Metal Sulfides through F− Regulation Engineering
Authors: Liu Jiaolong , Zhang Limin , Wu Hongjing
Published: December 2021

Fluorine ion (F−) regulation engineering rarely has been presented as a promising strategy for obtaining high‐performance electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing materials, and the related EMW attenuation mechanism has never been elucidated. Herein, a new F− regulation strategy is demonstrated for the first time, giving rise to broad low‐/middle‐frequency EMW attenuation by synergistically manipulating multiple factors, such as the morphology, composition, interface, defects, and conductivity. It is found that both the F− concentration and its introduction method (i.e., in situ or post‐treatment) are significant. Because of the in situ introduced heterointerfaces, the enriched defects, appropriate composition, and electronic conductivity, improvements in impedance matching and F−‐regulated dielectric loss are simultaneously achieved. Accordingly, the optimized NiCo2S4/Co1−xS/Co(OH)F composite delivered an effective absorption band of 6.03 GHz (4.57–10.60 GHz), which is five times higher than the pure counterpart, making it the only sulfide‐based absorber with a broad absorption feature toward the low frequency (from 4 GHz) with a small thickness (<3 mm) to date. In short, this work not only expounds on the unique roles of F− in chemical synthesis, microstructure design, and EMW absorption but also offers a viable strategy for solving the low‐/middle‐frequency EM interference issues through F− regulation engineering.
Designing Next Generation of Persistent Luminescence: Recent Advances in Uniform Persistent Luminescence Nanoparticles
Authors: Huang Kai , Le Nhu , Wang Justin S. , Huang Ling , Zeng Le , Xu Wei‐Chu , Li Zhanjun , Li Yang , Han Gang
Published: December 2021

Persistent luminescence is a unique optical process where long‐lasting afterglow persists after the cessation of excitation. Nanoscale persistent luminescent materials are getting increased research interest from various fields due to their unique optical property. In recent years, inspiring achievements have been made to produce uniform persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs) in a controllable manner, unleashing their fascinating potential, surpassing other types of luminescent materials in a wide variety of application such as high‐contrast bioimaging and high‐resolution X‐ray detection. In this review, the evolution of uniform PLNPs, from their bulk phosphor counterparts, to the “top‐down” preparation of nanoscale persistent luminescent materials, to the recent “bottom‐up” synthesis of uniform PLNPs is first summarized. The respective milestones of uniform PLNPs prepared by templated synthesis, aqueous synthesis, and colloidal synthesis are highlighted. The key optical properties that can be enhanced in uniform PLNPs, including increasing the persistent luminescence intensity, tuning the excitation irradiance, as well as the emission wavelengths are then analyzed. Detailed strategies to enhance each optical property are also discussed in various sections. Finally, future challenges are highlighted with respect to the perspectives on the development of next‐generation PLNPs with novel applications.
Stimuli‐Sensitive Linear–Dendritic Block Copolymer–Drug Prodrug as a Nanoplatform for Tumor Combination Therapy
Authors: Cai Hao , Tan Ping , Chen Xiaoting , Kopytynski Michal , Pan Dayi , Zheng Xiuli , Gu Lei , Gong Qiyong , Tian Xiaohe , Gu Zhongwei , Zhang Hu , Chen Rongjun , Luo Kui
Published: December 2021

Linear–dendritic block copolymer (LDBCs) are highly attractive candidates for smart drug‐delivery vehicles. Herein, an amphiphilic poly[(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate] (POEGMA) linear‐peptide dendritic prodrug of doxorubicin (DOX) prepared by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is reported. The hydrophobic‐dye‐based photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) is employed for encapsulation in the prodrug nanoparticles (NPs) to obtain an LDBCs‐based drug‐delivery system (LD‐DOX/Ce6) that offers a combination cancer therapy. Due to the presence of Gly–Phe–Leu–Gly peptides and hydrazone bonds in the prodrug structure, LD‐DOX/Ce6 is degraded into small fragments, thus specifically triggering the intracellular release of DOX and Ce6 in the tumor microenvironment. Bioinformatics analysis suggests that LD‐DOX/Ce6 with laser irradiation treatment significantly induces apoptosis, DNA damage, and cell cycle arrest. The combination treatment can not only suppress tumor growth, but also significantly reduce tumor metastasis compared with treatments with DOX or Ce6 through regulating EMT pathway, TGFβ pathway, angiogenesis, and the hypoxia pathway. LD‐DOX/Ce6 displays a synergistic chemo‐photodynamic antitumor efficacy, resulting in a high inhibition in tumor growth and metastasis, while maintaining an excellent biosafety. Therefore, this study demonstrates the potential of the biodegradable and tumor‐microenvironment‐responsive LDBCs as an intelligent multifunctional drug‐delivery vehicle for high‐efficiency cancer combination therapy.
Plasmonics on a Neural Implant: Engineering Light–Matter Interactions on the Nonplanar Surface of Tapered Optical Fibers
Authors: Pisano Filippo , Kashif Muhammad Fayyaz , Balena Antonio , Pisanello Marco , De Angelis Francesco , de la Prida Liset M , Valiente Manuel , D'Orazio Antonella , De Vittorio Massimo , Grande Marco , Pisanello Ferruccio
Published: December 2021

Optical methods are driving a revolution in neuroscience. Ignited by optogenetic techniques, a set of strategies has emerged to control and monitor neural activity in deep brain regions using implantable photonic probes. A yet unexplored technological leap is exploiting nanoscale light‐matter interactions for enhanced bio‐sensing, beam‐manipulation and opto‐thermal heat delivery in the brain. To bridge this gap, we got inspired by the brain cells’ scale to propose a nano‐patterned tapered‐fiber neural implant featuring highly‐curved plasmonic structures (30 μm radius of curvature, sub‐50 nm gaps). We describe the nanofabrication process of the probes and characterize their optical properties. We suggest a theoretical framework using the interaction between the guided modes and plasmonic structures to engineer the electric field enhancement at arbitrary depths along the implant, in the visible/near‐infrared range. We show that our probes can control the spectral and angular patterns of optical transmission, enhancing the angular emission and collection range beyond the reach of existing optical neural interfaces. Finally, we evaluate the application as fluorescence and Raman probes, with wave‐vector selectivity, for multimodal neural applications. We believe our work represents a first step towards a new class of versatile nano‐optical neural implants for brain research in health and disease.
Wavelength Independent Photo‐Chemo Tri‐Modal Combinatorial Renal Cell Carcinoma Therapy with Biocompatible Gold‐Titania Nanostars
Authors: Kang Seounghun , Yim Gyeonghye , Min Dal‐Hee , Jang Hongje
Published: December 2021

Chemotherapy is the most commonly used strategy for the treatment of cancer; however, a complete cure is still considered intractable. Although extensive research is being performed to achieve desired therapeutic effects without any side effects, the discovery of an ideal anticancer drug is still not in sight. As a suboptimal solution, sustained‐release using nanoparticles is attempted to enable safe and efficient utilization and delivery of drugs. Moreover, the use of phototherapy to cure drug‐resistant tumors or synergistically amplify the efficacy of anticancer drugs is also being examined. In this study, gold‐titania nanostars (GTN) are synthesized via an extremely facile, safe, and clean route for cancer therapeutic applications. The use of an alcoholic solvent and two metal cations to form GTNs is the only requirement for the preparation of the nanocarriers. GTN shows sufficient colloidal stability, dispersity and biocompatibility for adoption as nanocarriers and photosensitizers. GTN demonstrates a successful sustained release of the hydrophobic drug, sorafenib, and the tri‐modal combinatorial treatment for renal cancer demonstrates potent tumor suppression in vitro and in vivo.
Kinetic Separation of n‐Hexane from 2,2‐Dimethyl Butane in Zeolite Y Using the Novel Levi–Blow Method
Authors: Nag Shubhadeep , Yashonath Subramanian
Published: December 2021

With stricter emission standards being implemented the world over, the increase in the research octane number (RON) is essential for continued use of fuel. This can only be achieved through the separation of the linear alkanes from the branched alkanes or through conversion of linear to branched isomer. A separation method based on levitation and blow torch effects has been recently shown to separate neopentane from n‐pentane. The same method has been employed here to separate n‐hexane from 2,2‐dimethyl butane. This method provides a single step process in which the n‐hexane can be removed completely. The method yields very high purity with minimum expenditure of energy. Several properties have been computed to quantify the separation and indicate the degree of separation. The method if implemented experimentally, will provide a generic method for the separation of molecular mixtures. The steps necessary to realize the method experimentally are discussed. The setup for scaling up of the separation using the levi–blow method for industries is also presented.
A novel integrated rotary reactor for NOx reduction by CO and air preheating: NOx removal performance and mechanism
Authors: Sun Peiliang , Li Jianjie , Cheng Xingxing , Li Xiangdong , Bi Xiaotao T. , Wang Zhiqiang
Published: December 2021

A novel integrated rotary reactor for NOx reduction by CO and air preheating (iNA reactor) was proposed. NOx removal performance was investigated in a fixed‐bed reactor, which was used to simulate the working conditions change in the iNA reactor. Lab‐synthesized Cu/FeCeOx were used as the catalyst. Two different modes were tested with the iNA reactor: short cycles and long cycles. Excellent NOx removal efficiencies of over 95% and 90% for short cycles and long cycles, respectively, were observed in the iNA reactor. Moreover, compared with the constant‐temperature rotary reactor, better H2O and SO2 resistances were also found in the iNA reactor. The reaction mechanism was proposed based on in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform study. In the iNA process, NOx was stored as nitrates in the adsorption zone, and then decomposed rapidly by both high temperatures and CO, leading to the deep catalyst regeneration. Therefore, temperature swinging and the feed of CO were key to having high iNA reactor performance for NOx removal.
Otolaryngic sensory loss as a measure of frailty among older US adults
Authors: Hura Nanki , Bernstein Isaac A. , Mady Leila J. , Agrawal Yuri , Lane Andrew P. , Rowan Nicholas R.
Published: December 2021

Background

Frailty is a syndrome characterized by reduced physiologic reserve and increased vulnerability to poor health outcomes. Disruption of sensorineural function appears to serve as a novel biomarker of frailty. Using population‐level data, we sought to characterize the association between otolaryngic sensory dysfunction and frailty.

Methods

A cross‐sectional analysis of the 2011‐2012 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was performed on adults ≥40 years of age (n = 2138). Participants were grouped by subjective gustatory dysfunction (sGD), olfactory dysfunction (sOD), hearing loss (sHL), and measured hearing loss (mHL) with pure tone averages (PTAs). Frailty was operationalized using a continuous 36‐item frailty index (FI) scored from 0 to 1, stratified in 4 categories (“non‐frail,” “vulnerable,” “frail,” or “most frail”).

Results

All sensory loss groups had significantly higher FI scores than those without sensory loss (sGD = 0.15; sOD = 0.14; sHL = 0.15; low‐frequency mHL = 0.16; high‐frequency mHL = 0.14 vs control = 0.11; p < 0.007 for all). “Vulnerable” individuals had increased odds of sOD (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05‐2.00), whereas “frail” individuals had increased odds of sOD (aOR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.26‐2.71) and low‐frequency mHL (aOR, 4.01; 95% CI, 1.27‐12.63). The “most frail” individuals had increased odds of sHL (aOR, 11.72; 95% CI, 2.88‐47.66) and high‐frequency mHL (aOR 5.10; 95% CI, 1.72‐15.12). PTAs were linearly associated with FI (low: β = 10.15; 95% CI, 1.78‐18.51; high: β = 19.85; 95% CI, 5.19‐34.53).

Conclusion

Otolaryngic sensory loss is associated with increased frailty. Independent association of frailty with measures of olfaction and hearing suggests that olfactory and hearing assessments may help identify at‐risk individuals with modifiable risk factors.