bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Architectural Making: Between a "Space of Experience" and a "Horizon of Expectations"
Authors: ARAVOT IRIS
Published: April 2017

The paper suggests that architectural making, a process of research in practice, and itself a bridging between the space of experience and the horizon of expectations, corresponds to phenomenology as a method of inquiry. This includes architectural phases parallel to epoché, phenomenological reduction, free variations, transcendental intuition of the essence, and description. The paper describes the in-between, its two edges, experience and expectations, and their mutual influences through the process of architectural making. Examples from the design studio and professional literature illustrate the argumentation. The in-between is presented as structured, notably having a depth—the ineffable origin of creativity. In conclusion, the paper suggests that the edges and the in-between are temporary configurations in flux, wherein the architect makes use of his/her most inner resources, as a contribution to the metamorphosis and revitalization of his/her culture.
The May 1968 Archives: A Presentation of the Anti-Technocratic Struggle in May 1968
Authors: FEENBERG ANDREW
Published: April 2017

This essay argues that the events of May ’68 were not without substantial political content. Drawing on the May Events Archives at SFU, the author argues that the protests were not a vastly overblown student plank, but represented an important attempt to establish a politics of civilizational identity and to answer the questions: what kind of people are we, and what can we expect as a basic minimum level of justice and equality in our affairs?
On the Possibility of a Phenomenology of Light
Authors: GERTZ NOLEN
Published: April 2017

The phenomenological tradition has always had a peculiar preoccupation with light. This paper will attempt to determine how and why light appears as it does, and what this can tell us about the phenomenological understanding of light and its relevance. This will be carried out through a systematic analysis covering Husserl's study of light as "circumstance of apperception," Heidegger's interpretation of Plato's use of light as "symbol for the unsayable," and Levinas' interest in light as "rival to the 'there is'." This survey will allow us to see how light has been treated by phenomenology as a concept of central importance in the realms of perception, epistemology, and ontology. It is this multiform use that has allowed for the distinction between the concepts of "light" and "lighting" to become blurred, and has thus problematized any attempt at something like a phenomenology of light.
Solitude et souffrance des figures d’exception chez Kierkegaard. Sur la distance, la dissimulation et le silence face à Dieu
Authors: DESROCHES DOMINIC
Published: April 2017

Dans cet article, nous relions la solitude à la souffrance chez Kierkegaard. Nous montrons que la pensée existentielle est un travail de distance, précisément un jeu de dissimulation dont la signification réside dans la capacité à sauvegarder le silence. Le secret de intériorité est intraduisible dans l’extériorité du langage, ce qui isole et fait souffrir, mais ouvre le passage vers le religieux. Dieu seul peut voir les efforts de l’existant dissimulant dialectiquement sa souffrance dans la différence entre l’infini et le fini. Pour illustrer cette thèse, nous approfondissons les cas où Kierkegaard présente la souffrance en recourant à des figures d’exception — des marqueurs de solitude — comme Abraham, Job et le quidam. Nous relisons l’« Histoire de la souffrance » des Stades et le Post-scriptum pour mieux saisir les liens entre la souffrance et la solitude — une idée qui se trouve justifiée dans le Point de vue explicatif — de celui qui se veut, finalement, seul devant Dieu.
The Individual and Solitude
Authors: JASPERS KARL
Published: April 2017

N/A
Throwing Dice: Luck of the Draw and the Democratic Ideal
Authors: KINGWELL MARK
Published: April 2017

Is democracy a gift economy—that is, one essentially distinct from, and opposed to, reduction to transactional exchanges such as those typical in a market economy? Beginning with a case study of success, this paper considers the role of scaleable effects in destabilizing the relationship between merit and reward. This opens up the question of how the general issue of “title” functions in larger systems of merit and reward, crucially including politics. Pursuing Jacques Rancière’s insights concerning hatred of democracy, we can begin to see the importance of “the drawing of lots” in mechanisms of political legitimation—the paradoxical “title which is no title,” which might just be the gift we democrats are looking for.
Politics: The Highest Form of Philosophy?
Authors: OLKOWSKI DOROTHEA
Published: April 2017

According to Hannah Arendt, action is the only activity that goes on directly between men without the intermediary of things or matter. From this point of view, action is the basis of political life. But, although human actions are direct human interactions, each person must have a body and senses, a sensation of reality and a feeling of realness—and do we not share these characteristics with animals? Therefore, do we have the right to claim that human interaction and consciousness of an acting self are uniquely, humanly political? For example, what if we were to maintain that language is a second-order conventionalization of the expressive body immersed in an atmosphere, assimilating and being assimilated. If this were to be the case, how then can we explain the passage from elemental life, the life we share with all living things, to the acting in and among human pluralities that Hannah Arendt identifies with the political? Kant tried to do this by separating reason from sensation and separating respect from nature’s purely physical, causal forces. This essay examines Arendt’s claim that it is uniquely the activity that passes between humans that makes it possible for humans to consider themselves political.
Merleau-Ponty’s Artist of Depth: Exploring “Eye and Mind” and the Works of Art Chosen by Merleau-Ponty as Preface
Authors: MAZIS GLEN A.
Published: April 2017

The original Gallimard edition of Merleau-Ponty’s last-published essay, "Eye and Mind," which was printed as a slim, separate volume containing only this essay, includes a visual preface of seven artworks, chosen by Merleau-Ponty. This essay takes the key assertion of "Eye and Mind"—that rather than seeing depth as the “third dimension,” as seen traditionally, “if [depth] were a dimension, it would be the first one” (180)—and applies it to the reading of these artworks preceding the text. There is an analysis of how and why depth is the first rank in not only rethinking art, but also in rethinking Being itself. The development of the idea of depth as the going together of incompossibles in time and in space is explored by turning to Merleau-Ponty’s texts, beginning with the Phenomenology of Perception through to his last works. The last section of the essay carefully analyses six of the seven visual works of art (omitting Cézanne about whom so much has been written) to see the ways in which they instantiate this new notion of depth as the motive force of art and the heart of the flesh of the world.
On Feeling Political: Negotiating (within) Affective Landscapes and Soundscapes
Authors: TREMBLAY JEAN-THOMAS
Published: April 2017

This article generates an affective hermeneutics of the political. The research question, What is feeling political? is, at first, refined through the oeuvre of political theorist Simone Weil, whose focus on experience, involvement and attention highlights the role of sentience in political life. The inescapable normativity of Weil’s texts calls for an alternative approach to the question at hand, one that acknowledges the inevitability of the phenomenon of feeling political. In order to produce such an approach, the realm in which said phenomenon occurs is spatialized as an indefinite series of rhizomatic affective atmospheres in which the negotiation of one’s involvement, resistance, association, and isolation prompts a variety of orientations. The work of Lauren Berlant is subsequently considered as a means to stress the interplay between noise and ambience on one hand, and the notions of citizenship and community on the other. Ultimately, a reflection inspired by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari emphasizes the humanist undertone of this investigation, reposing the question of feeling political as an ontological query.
An Analysis of Sartre's and Beauvoir's Views on Transcendence: Exploring Intersubjective Relations
Authors: CHRISTINIA LANDRY CHRISTINE DAIGLE And
Published: April 2017

We will argue that Sartre’s failure and Beauvoir’s success in formulating a successful existential ethics lie in their distinct understandings of transcendence. Sartre’s struggle between transcendent consciousness and immanent body undermines being-in-the-world and being-with-others (what is, in Sartre’s language, only a being-for-others) as a way to enrich the self. Contra Sartre, Beauvoir’s notion of transcendence is an upsurge of being which originates in and necessitates bodily immanence. For Beauvoir, transcendence is to be gained only by revelling in immanence, a gesture that puts oneself at risk toward the Other. This putting oneself at risk is, however, the only way to generate an authentic and no longer conflictual encounter with the Other.
The Environing Air: A Meditation on Communications Structures in Natural Environments
Authors: SPARK JUDY
Published: April 2017

Any attention paid to the positioning of telecommunications installations in natural landscapes usually relates to the aesthetic impact. However, such paraphernalia, particularly when contrasted with “natural” surroundings, invites us to think beyond the visible. Through Heidegger’s accounts of Zuhandenheit and Vorhandenheit, as well as his later articulations on Nature as it is subjected to the ordering principles of Gestell, this paper aims to highlight the overlaps of the natural and the technological worlds inhabited by communications structures, considering the relationship between the human and the natural realms, through the uncertain electromagnetic phenomena that envelops the two. The essay is underpinned by the extended phenomenological description of an encounter with such technology that includes, following Anthony J. Steinbock’s outline of a phenomenological approach that might begin with the facts of the everyday sciences, some reference to the basic concepts of physics involved in transmissions technology.
Beyond Biopolitics: Animal Studies, Factory Farms, and the Advent of Deading Life
Authors: Stanescu James
Published: April 2017

This article seeks to do two things: articulate the function of biopolitics as a necessary correlate to human exceptionalism, and argue for the factory farm as a supplementary inverse of biopolitical logic. Human exceptionalism is based fundamentally in a desire to create protected lives, and lives that can be, or even need to be, exterminated. In other words, human exceptionalism is the very definition of biopolitics. However, biopolitical theory was mostly developed around thinking through issues of human genocides, particularly the Nazi Lager. Despite attempts to think the analogies between Auschwitz and a factory farm, such analogies ignore important historical and theoretical specificities. While the biopolitical is an important, even necessary, theoretical understanding of humans’ relations to other animals, it is not sufficient for thinking the realities of factory farming. We need a conceptual apparatus not rooted in the ability to think the horrors of human genocide, but one rooted in the ability to think the horrors of the factory farm. Thus I propose the animals in the factory farm exist in the political ontology of deading life; that is beings who should be alive, but are somehow already dead. This conceptual apparatus is not meant to oppose the thought of the biopolitical, it is meant to supplement the biopolitical—to allow us to think with and beyond the biopolitical.
Eat or Be Eaten: A Feminist Phenomenology of Women as Food
Authors: Douglas Emily R.
Published: April 2017

This paper focuses around women in the food chain, not in terms of agriculture and development, but as food ourselves. I start from the work of Eva-Maria Simms and Val Plumwood, who examine being eaten by non-human animals, and by human infants and fetuses. I use Simms’s and Plumwood’s examples to argue that in viewing our human selves as edible creatures, we not only distance ourselves from the role of "eater" in the masculinist domination framework but reject and break down the very dichotomy of eater/eaten, predator/prey, diner/dinner. Through the work of Maurice-Merleau Ponty, I argue that our being edible is the obverse of our being consumers: it is this fact which is proven or fulfilled when the consumer is consumed. I then suggest that seeing ourselves as edible is both a call to a greater onto-ecological understanding and to a new understanding of the life/death/life cycle: as an asymmetrical yet symbiotic relationship between organic, decaying, and nourishing bodies.
Não há lugar para mulheres neste filme:
Authors: Silva Carolina De Oliveira , Ferraraz Rogério
Published: April 2017

Este artigo discute a representação feminina em “Cães de Aluguel” (1992) de Quentin Tarantino, caracterizado como um filme para homens, segundo palavras de seu criador. As reflexões sobre um modelo cinematográfico hollywoodiano desenvolvido nas décadas de 70 e 80, que enaltece o poder, a autossuficiência e a força física em um país que procura reerguer-se das crises através de ícones midiáticos, são retomados em diferentes proporções ao longo da história do cinema. A aparentemente ausência feminina, de forma relevante, implica em um comportamento aquém da submissão, afinal uma única mulher é eventualmente responsável pelo estopim violento da história, sobre outra perspectiva – a mulher como razão motivadora de um comportamento autoafirmativo masculino.
Construcionismo, políticas públicas e violência no futebol:
Authors: Lopes Felipe Tavares Paes
Published: April 2017

Este artigo discute em que medida e como a perspectiva construcionista pode contribuir para a análise e interpretação das políticas públicas de prevenção da violência no futebol. Para tanto, a primeira parte analisa os pressupostos ontológicos e metodológicos dessa perspectiva. A segunda analisa suas implicações éticas e políticas. E a terceira indica suas contribuições para a referida análise e interpretação. Entre outras contribuições, destaco a problematização das políticas públicas em questão como um fato real e a ênfase na discussão sobre suas linguagens.
Violência familiar:
Authors: Szadkoski Clarissa Maria Aquere
Published: April 2017

A violência na escola é uma constante nas pesquisas educacionais há vários anos. Cabe a este artigo explorar as vertentes da violência tendo como base primeira a família e a sua influência na vida dos filhos.  A Gestão do Cuidado aprimora o texto trazendo o papel da escuta afetiva nas relações entre família-escola-alunos-educadores na busca de uma cultura da paz.
Hidden Structure in the Study of Papuanistiecs and Melanesianology
Authors: Flassy Don Augusthinus Lamaech
Published: April 2017

Development until the late 1980s and early 1990s on embodied the initiative of a typical science as the study of Papua titled Papuanistiecs as a course of study at the Department of Southeast Asia and Oceania, Faculty of Arts, University of Leiden-The Netherlands, while Melanesianology lead anthropology has been developed since 1896 when Boas carry out research works in the region of South Pacific and the Southwest Pacific. When Papuanistiecs sounds as a specific branch of the broader Melanesianology include anthropology, the course is not closed for any other specific subject areas, especially on the natural environment as physical nature (tangible) as well as the philosophy as the inner nature (intangible). A concept of intangible or philosophy of Papua-Melanesian on Socio-Cultural structure is what being proposed in this writing work as a "hidden-structureâ€ or â€˜covered structures'. The term or this formula was by the author uses to accommodate referrals various scholars who call the social structure of Papua-Melanesian as "loosely structure" or a missing structure and also as "confusing diversity" or as confuse or chaos diverse. That, "hidden structure" is said to be so because it is hidden to those outside the system which understanding as ethics while looking for people in the system who view of understanding the relationship of emics accused loose or off and confuse or confusing is very well lightly acknowledge. Melanesianology and Papuanistiecs very well coordinated by the Sydney University and the Australian National University in Canberra by enabling the University of Papua New Guinea/UPNG in Port Moresby PNG and the University of the South Pacific/USP, in Suva-Fiji. In addition to its general purpose by making Papuanistiecs and Melanesianology as a discipline of area regional study, the special purpose of the author also is about to raise these matters in connection with the State University of Cenderawasih who have declared itself as Anthropological Study Base, then the function of Papuanistiec and Melanesianology may be of the major studies take precedence in all disciplines.
Genetic diversity assessment of an indigenous horse population of Greece
Authors: Laliotis George , Avdi Meni
Published: April 2017

Highly endangered local breeds are considered important not only for the
maintenance of their genetic diversity for future survival but also because
they regarded as part of the cultural heritage of the local and national
communities. Using pedigree data and an analysis of 18 microsatellite loci we
investigated the genetic diversity of a private (commercial) indigenous
Skyros horse population, reared in an insular region of North-Western of
Greece. The overall average animal inbreeding value reached 24%. Concerning
average inbreeding value over non founding animals, it was estimated to
0.013, while the corresponding value over inbred animals were 0.13.The mean
number of alleles per locus amounted to 3.72, ranging between 1 and 7
alleles. The average observed heterozygosity was 0.57. Taking into account
the inbreeding estimated index, an average heterozygote deficit (Fis) of
-0.09 was noted (P<0.05). Although the population maintained reasonable
levels of genetic diversity, well studied inbreeding strategies should be
implemented, in order to reduce the loss of genetic variability, to avoid
extinction and further genetic drift of the population.
Comparative evalution of di- and tetraploid accessions of red clover (Trifolium pretense L.) for resistance to powdery mildew (Erysiphe polygoni DC)
Authors: Naydenova Galina , Aleksieva Aksenia
Published: April 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of twelve genetic
accessions of red clover to Powdery mildew (Erysiphe polygoni DC). The trial
was carried out during 2014-2015 at the Experimental station of soya-bean
Pavlikeni at a natural infection. The plant type of reaction was evaluated by
a fourgrade scale depending on the % of leaves with typical symptoms. A
significant effect (P<0.001) of the genotype, and hence the level of ploidy,
on the type of reaction to the disease of powdery mildew was established.
Average for the period of study, the tetraploid accessions of red clover were
rated as moderately susceptible (score 3.1), and the diploid ones - as
moderately resistant (score 2.7). In the selection (breeding) of red clover
the diploid accessions P-3 and Sofia-52 variety can be used as genetic
sources of tolerance to powdery mildew.
High temperature transesterification of soybean oil with methanol using manganese carbonate as catalyst
Authors: Wan Liang , Liu Hui , Nasreen Sadia , Lukic Ivana , Skala Dejan
Published: April 2017

The manganese carbonate catalyst, prepared by precipitation method, was used in transesterification of soybean oil under subcritical condition of methanol. Catalyst samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The triacylglycerol (TAG) conversion and fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) yield were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The transesterification was realized for 1 h using various working conditions: 0-3 wt.% of catalyst (based on the mass of oil), the mole ratio of methanol to oil from 13:1 to 27:1 and temperature ranging from 393 to 473 K. A maximum TAG conversion of 98.1% could be obtained at the optimal reaction conditions: 2 wt.% of catalyst, methanol/oil mole ratio of 21:1, for 1 h in a batch reactor at 453 K. Kinetic analysis showed that the model based on mass transfer and chemical reaction at the catalyst surface confirmed the experimental data. Using that kinetic expression, the effect of continuous transesterification was proposed and verified by a 360-h long realized experiment in a laboratory packed-bed reactor (PBR). Slow deactivation of the catalyst was caused by leaching of Mn in both biodiesel and glycerol phases and by blocking the active sites of the catalyst with organic compounds.
Evaluation of maize grain yield in drought-prone environment
Authors: Takim Felix , Olaoye Gbedabo , Abayomi Yakeen , Olakojo Samuel , Isah Matthew , Bankole Folusho , Ishaq Mohammed , Abdulmaliq Sulaiman
Published: April 2017

Multi-location trial data obtained between 2007 and 2014 involving open
pollinated varieties (OPVs) and hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) were analysed
using GGE (Genotype and Genotype x Environment) and AMMI (Additive Main
Effect and Multiplicative Interaction) models to assess their performance
and suitability as cultivars, and identify promising genotypes and sites for
further evaluations in the different locations of the southern Guinea
savanna of Nigeria. The experiments were set up as a randomized complete
block design with three replications in all the locations. The plot size
consisted of two rows, 5m long with inter and intra row spacing of 0.75m x
0.4m for the early maturing varieties and 0.75m x 0.5m for intermediate/late
maturing varieties and hybrids. Two seeds were planted/hill to give a plant
population of approximately 66,000 plants/ha (early) and 54,000 plants/ha
(intermediate/late). Data were collected on agronomic and yield parameters.
The environment accounted for 84.80% and 90.42% of the total variation in
grain yield of OPVs and hybrids, respectively. TZE-Y-DT STR C4 (early OPV)
and white-DT-STRSYN (intermediate/late OPV), TZE-W-Pop-DT STR-C5 (early
maturing hybrids) and TZEEI 3 x TZEEI 46 (extra early genotype) were the
most stable and high yielding. The core test locations for evaluation of
early OPVs, intermediate/late OPVs and hybrids are Ilorin/Ballah,
Ejiba/Mokwa and Kishi/Badeggi, respectively. This study recommends that
fewer but better locations that provide relevant information should be used
for conducting multilocation trials and TZE-Y-DT STR C4, white-DT-STR-SYN,
TZE-W-Pop-DT STR-C5 and TZEEI 3 x TZEEI 46 should be further evaluated on
farmer fields.
Influence of UV light exposure on mineral composition and biomass production of mycomeat produced from different agricultural substrates
Authors: Adejumo Isaac , Adetunji Charles , Adeyemi Oluyomi
Published: April 2017

The wild and mutant strain of Pleurotus sajor caju was cultured on different
agricultural substrates. Treatment 1 contained agricultural substrates alone.
Treatment 2 contained the mutant strain of the mushroom plus agricultural
waste. Treatment 3 contained the wild strain of the mushroom plus
agricultural waste. The mutant strain of Pleurotus sajor caju cultured on
groundnut shell had the highest iron content while the mutant strain cultured
on palm kernel meal had the highest biomass production, 10.5 g/L and 17.20
g/L after 7 and 14 days respectively. The proximate analyses of the feed
variety (mycomeat) revealed the rich nutritional content which may be
explored for feed ingredients in livestock production. The findings do not
only support the bioremediation of agricultural waste to produce high-value
bio-products, but also provide evidence that improvement of microorganism
strains represents a viable way to enhance the nutritional value of fermented
products.
Potential health risk assessment due to the presence of toxic metals in drinking water from individual wells in the village of Dubravica in the Branicevo district
Authors: Rajkovic Milos , Stojanovic Mirjana , Milojkovic Sladjana
Published: April 2017

In order to verify the content of macro- and microelements in drinking water
in the village of Dubravica in the Branicevo district, which has no
centralized water supply system, an analysis of the water sampled from two
individual wells was conducted using the indirect method recommended by
Rajkovic and associates. Tests on the RDA and AAS showed that: Al, Fe, Cr, Pb
and U were in concentrations higher than the values allowed by Regulations on
the hygienic quality of drinking water. To determine the risk of the presence
of toxic metals in the elevated concentrations, the assessment of short-term
and long-term potential carcinogenic risks was conducted. Based on the
results obtained in the tested water samples, it is noticed that the value of
the coefficient of risk (CR) was less than 1 for all potentially toxic metals
that were determined in drinking water, which implies that there is no
short-term carcinogenic potential risk to human health. Based on the results
of the long-term potential risk for the occurrence and development of cancer,
the risk of getting cancer of Cr was identified in the inhabitants of the
village that used potable water of the first sample. In case of Pb, a risk of
developing cancer, concerning the first sample of drinking water, may occur
in 44 out of 1000 people and regarding the second sample, in 183 out of 1000
people. Based on the calculated estimates of the long-term health risk
related to the presence of U in drinking water, it can be seen that there is
a health risk related to the use of both water samples. On the basis of the
calculated estimates of the long-term health risk related to the presence of
uranium in drinking water, it can be noticed that the use of both water
samples may lead to the potential risk of developing cancer: in 24.5
inhabitants regarding the first water sample and in 10.3 out of 1000
inhabitants in the case of the second water sample.
Pigface masters of the universe: Whether it is the greed to blame for the financial crisis?
Authors: Krstic Predrag
Published: April 2017

First part of the paper presents and analyzes some of the main arguments,
which support the popular belief that greed is to blame for the 2008
financial crisis. The second part lists the counter-arguments that challenge
this position in two ways: one set of arguments claims that greed is either
not the main and single factor, or that is not the culprit at all; the second
set, on the other hand, states that the scope of its influence is undermined
and underrepresented, as well as that it is not considered in its
?structural? but only individual dimension. The final part of the paper
presents a specific socio-psychological approach that could elucidate the
extent to which unregulated greed could cause economic breakdowns. In
addition, this approach attempts to question and operationally thematise
implicit laws of modern capitalism with regard to both the recurring ups and
downs that characterize it and the contradictory understanding and reception
of the concept of acquisition, upon which it tend to built society.
Biological reproduction of family farms: From the rural gender regime perspective
Authors: Cikic Jovana
Published: April 2017

Depopulation and ageing are long-lasting problems of Serbian rural areas. In
terms of demographic self-renewal of rural areas, especially family farms,
the issue of resource base for biological reproduction is of great
importance. Quantity and quality of resource base are determined by the
characteristics of rural social vitality as well as rural gender regime.
Thus, factors of women`s participation in biological reproduction of family
farms have been analyzed. The analysis was based on a sample of 1,096 family
farms in Vojvodina. Vojvodina is considered relevenat for the analysis due to
the significant rural depopulation and ageing. The results have confirmed
concept of rural gender regimes to be an adequate scheme to explore the basic
characteristics of the women`s participation in biological reproduction on
family farms. Bio-demographic and socio-cultural factors have stronger impact
on women`s participation in biological reproduction than than socio-economic
ones. Mariage is proven to be the most significant predictor of women`s
participation in biological reproduction, regardlesly to farm type. Also,
results have proven nuptiality and fertility postponement among women living
on family farms. It can be concluded that women`s participation in biological
reproduction of family farms occurs under the influence of partially modified
rural gender regime.
Characterization of Inorganic Filler Content, Mechanical Properties, and Light Transmission of Bulk-fill Resin Composites
Authors: Fronza BM , Ayres APA , Pacheco RR , Rueggeberg FA , Dias CTS , Giannini M
Published: April 2017

Objectives:

The aims of this study were to characterize inorganic content (IC), light transmission (LT), biaxial flexural strength (BFS), and flexural modulus (FM) of one conventional (layered) and four bulk-fill composites at different depths.

Methods:

Bulk-fill composites tested were Surefil SDR flow (SDR), Filtek Bulk Fill (FBF), Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill (TEC), and EverX Posterior (EXP). Herculite Classic (HER) was used as a control. Energy dispersive x-ray analysis and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize filler particle composition and morphology. The LT through different composite thicknesses (1, 2, 3, and 4 mm) was measured using a laboratory-grade spectral radiometer system (n=5). For the BFS and FM tests, sets of eight stacked composite discs (0.5-mm thick) were prepared simulating bulk filling of a 4-mm-thick increment (n=8).

Results:

SDR demonstrated larger, irregular particles than those observed in TEC or HER. Filler particles in FBF were spherical, while those in EXP were composed of fiberglass strands. The LT decreased with increased composite thickness for all materials. Bulk-fill composites allowed higher LT than the HER. Furthermore, HER proved to be the unique material, having lower BFS values at deeper regions. SDR, FBF, and TEC bulk-fill composites presented reduced FM with increasing composite depth.

Conclusions:

The bulk-fill composites investigated exhibited higher LT, independent of different filler content and characteristics. Although an increase in composite thickness reduced LT, the BFS of bulk-fill composites at deeper layers was not compromised.
Different Methods for Inlay Production: Effect on Internal and Marginal Adaptation, Adjustment Time, and Contact Point
Authors: Rippe MP , Monaco C , Volpe L , Bottino MA , Scotti R , Valandro LF
Published: April 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different production methods of resin and ceramic inlays on marginal and internal adaptation, adjustment time, and proximal contacts. Forty premolars were selected, embedded (their roots), and prepared to receive inlays that were made as follows (n=10): LaRe—digital impression with a Lava C.O.S. scanner, followed by milling of Lava Ultimate block (composite resin) in a milling center; CeRe—digital impression with a Cerec 3D Bluecam scanner, followed by milling of Lava Ultimate block in Cerec; CeDis—digital impression with a Cerec 3D Bluecam scanner, followed by milling of IPS e.max CAD block (lithium disilicate) in Cerec; and PresDis—impression with polyvinyl siloxane, inlay made using the lost wax technique and IPS e.max Press pressed ceramic (lithium disilicate). Marginal and internal adaptations were measured using the replica technique. The inlay adjustments were performed using diamond burs in a contra-angle hand piece, and the time for adjustment was recorded using a timer, in seconds. The tightness of the proximal contact was measured using standardized metal blades. The statistical analyses for marginal fit data showed that at the cervical edge, CeDis (177.8 μm) had greater misfit than CeRe (116.7 μm), while all the groups had similar adaptation at the occlusal edge. The groups had similar internal fit at the pulpal wall, while LaRe (104.7 μm) > CeDis (66.7 μm) = CeRe (76.7 μm) at the axial wall. The groups restored with lithium disilicate ceramic took more time for adjustment when compared to the resin restorative material. The lowest proximal contact, in micrometers, was seen in the CeRe group (8.8 μm).
Light-emitting Diode Beam Profile and Spectral Output Influence on the Degree of Conversion of Bulk Fill Composites
Authors: Rocha MG , de Oliveira DCRS , Correa IC , Correr-Sobrinho L , Sinhoreti MAC , Ferracane JL , Correr AB
Published: April 2017

Objectives:

To evaluate the beam profile and the spectral output of monowave and polywave light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and their influence on the degree of conversion (DC) of bulk fill composites.

Methods:

A monowave LED (Smartlite Focus, Dentsply) and a polywave LED (Valo Cordless, Ultradent) were characterized using a resin calibrator and a laser beam profile analyzer. Two bulk fill composites, Sonic Fill 2 (SF) containing camphorquinone (CQ) and Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill (TEB) containing CQ associated with alternative photoinitiators, were placed in custom-designed molds (n=3) and photoactivated by the monowave or polywave LED with 20 J/cm2. To map the DC, longitudinal cross sections (0.5 mm thick) from the center of the restoration were evaluated using FT-NIR microscopy. SF and TEB light transmittances (n=3) through 4-mm-thick specimens were evaluated during curing. Data were analyzed using a split-plot analysis of variance and Tukey test (α=0.05; β=0.2).

Results:

The monowave LED had a radiant emittance of 20 ± 0.5 J/cm2 over 420-495 nm, and the polywave LED had an emittance of 15.5 ± 0.4 J/cm2 over 420-495 nm and of 4.5 ± 0.2 J/cm2 over 380-420 nm. The total radiant exposure at the bottom of TEB was 2.2 ± 0.2 J/cm2 with the monowave LED and 1.6 ± 0.3 J/cm2 with the polywave LED, and for SF it was 0.4 ± 0.1 J/cm2 for both LEDs. There were no differences in the curing profiles produced either by the monowave or the polywave LED (p=0.9), according to the regions under influence of blue and/or violet emission at the same depth. There was no statistical difference in the DC for SF using the monowave or polywave LED at any depth (p=0.29). TEB had a higher DC at up to 2 mm in depth when the polywave LED was used (p<0.004), but no differences were found when starting at 2.5 mm.

Conclusions:

Monowave and polywave LEDs emitted nonhomogeneous light beams, but this did not affect the DC homogeneity of bulk fill composites. For composites containing CQ associated with alternative photoinitiators, polywave LEDs had a higher DC, but only at the top part of the restoration; lower wavelength absorption photoinitiators were ineffective in deeper areas.
Investigation of Deaths of Chronically Disabled Persons and Institutionalized Persons
Authors: Prahlow Joseph A.
Published: April 2017

The investigation of deaths involving chronically disabled and/or institutionalized persons represents an important challenge to the medicolegal death investigation community. For the purposes of this review, the chronically disabled and/or institutionalized are considered to include three non-mutually exclusive subcategories: the disabled elderly, the severely disabled, and psychiatric patients. Because deaths within certain of these populations tend to be common and expected, a very important goal when such deaths occur is the appropriate referral of cases to the medical examiner/coroner. Although each subcategory has distinct issues of importance regarding death investigation, there is also a reasonable amount of overlap between the three groups. This review provides an overview of the three subcategories, the reasons such persons may be at risk for premature, unexpected, or unnatural death, the many important issues of concern when investigating deaths within these vulnerable populations, and important preventative strategies within each group.
Investigation of Deaths and Injury of Prison Inmates
Authors: Knight Laura D. , Stoppacher Robert
Published: April 2017

The death of a person who is incarcerated often raises public concern, family inquiries, and media attention, and such deaths require special handling. The careful investigation of deaths of individuals held in the custody of the corrections system is necessary not only to discover any evidence of abuse, but moreover to ensure that the custodians are cleared of any false allegations of mistreatment. The same logic applies to use-of-force cases resulting in inmate injury but not fatality, in which inmate and correctional officers’ accounts of the events may be incongruous. The forensic pathologist is indispensible in both situations. The purpose of this article is to consider all aspects of the inmate's uniquely vulnerable situation relevant to the forensic pathologist, to review the various types of disease, injury and death occurring in the incarcerated and their relative prevalence, to present a 4.5-year retrospective review of inmate death investigations, and to describe best practices to be utilized in the medicolegal investigation of deaths of incarcerated individuals.
A Synoptic Review of the 1968 National Research Council Progress Report on Forensic Pathology
Authors: Hanzlick Randy L.
Published: April 2017

In 1968, a “Committee on Pathology” existed within the National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council, Division of Medical Sciences. This group appointed an “ad hoc Committee on Forensic Pathology.” The Committee on Pathology prepared a progress report in April of 1968, and the ad hoc Committee on Forensic Pathology prepared a report in November of 1968. James Luke retained copies of these documents, which were reviewed to prepare this summary article of their content. Many of the issues and concerns raised in these reports remain today. Legal medicine and forensic pathology education in medical school is severely lacking. Exposure of pathology residents to a quality rotation in forensic pathology is deficient in many areas. Affiliations between death investigation offices and medical schools is highly variable and in need of improvement. Research and publication in forensic pathology occurs but needs to be bolstered. There are not enough forensic pathologists to meet the needs of the justice, public health, and public safety communities. Forensic pathology salaries remain non-competitive in many areas. It is difficult to recruit and retain forensic pathologists in the field. There remain practicing forensic pathologists who are not board-certified. Although television shows and movies have increased awareness about death investigation, they have not resulted in significant public or governmental appreciation and support for what forensic pathologists contribute to society. Progress has been made, but forensic pathology still has a long way to go.
Recommended Reading and Reference Bibliography for Forensic Pathology Fellows
Authors: Hanzlick Randy L. , Molina D. Kimberley , Quinten Reade A.
Published: April 2017

In the context of forensic pathology training milestones, which attempt to define measurable training progress and outcomes, this report contains a list of recommended reading for forensic pathology fellows as well as a bibliography of reference materials with which the forensic pathology trainees should be familiar. The list was developed via a survey and ballot involving forensic pathology fellowship training directors and the National Association of Medical Examiners’ (NAME) Forensic Pathology Training Committee. Five reading resources were identified as strongly recommended reading for forensic pathology fellows and those include: 1) NAME'S “Guide for Manner of Death Classification,” 2) NAME'S “Forensic Autopsy Performance Standards,” 3) DiMaio's “Gunshot Wounds”; 4) Moritz’ “Classic Mistakes in Forensic Pathology,” and 5) Spitz and Fisher's “Medicolegal Investigation of Death.” Dozens of other reference sources were compiled into several lists as a reference for forensic pathology fellows and training program directors. It is hoped that this document will be useful to forensic pathology training programs both for fellow education and to assist in the development of training milestones and training requirements.
Principles for Sound Scientific Writing
Authors: Davis Gregory G. , Pinckard J. Keith
Published: April 2017

Scientific writing is the communication of a new idea that will alter or enlarge the reader's understanding of the subject of the article. Scientific writing follows a standard template defined by the journal that published the article. Authors greatly increase the chance that their manuscript will be published by reading and following the journal's instructions to authors. Every word, image, and diagram in an article should serve the purpose of communicating the author's new idea effectively and forcefully. The title, introduction, method, results, discussion, and reference list serve different purposes within the article and therefore are constructed differently. The abstract is a distillation of the essential points of the article and should always contain the central idea that the article was written to convey. Anyone listed as an author must have made a meaningful contribution to the work; that is, without each author's contribution, the article simply would not exist. Authors must avoid plagiarism by neither copying the writings of others nor copying their own writings or images used in previous publications. Plagiarism is easily avoided by taking notes, not quotes, from articles that serve as references and then writing the new manuscript from these notes; this system changes the original wording of the references twice and transforms the concepts into the author's voice.
Cervical Ganglia and Nerve Root Injury: Evidence for Respiratory Arrest as Initiating Injury in Pediatric Head Trauma
Authors: Ann Sens Mary , Meyers Sarah E. , Koponen Mark A. , Graff Arne H. , Reynolds Ryan D. , Storm Waldemar G.
Published: April 2017

Cervical ganglia and nerve root injury with resultant paralysis of the phrenic nerve is proposed as a mechanism of injury in “shaken baby syndrome” or nonaccidental head injury of children. We report autopsy findings of a 22-month-old girl in which cervical ganglia and nerve hemorrhage was present along with the triad of encephalopathy, bilateral retinal hemorrhage, and bilateral subdural, intradural, and subarachnoid hemorrhages. Clear evidence of near immediate respiratory arrest was documented from first responder medical reports, juvenile witness statements, and perpetrator confession. The narrowing of time of injury from the anatomic findings at autopsy allowed investigative efforts to focus on a single individual and cleared several other adults with access to the child. Additional technical notes based on our experience are provided for users of cervical neck dissection. Hemorrhage in the tissues surrounding the vertebral artery raises a potential additional injury site in cases of neck injury.
Acute Coronary Artery Thrombosis Associated with Synthetic Cannabinoid Intoxication
Authors: Dean Stephanie A. , Jufer-Phipps Rebecca , Fowler David R. , Kutys Robert , Ladich Elena , Alexander Russell
Published: April 2017

Synthetic cannabinoids are drugs of abuse that have rapidly gained popularity in the United States primarily due to their easy availability, inconsistent regulation, and lack of detectability on routine drug screens. Numerous case reports of adverse physical and psychological effects occurring in certain users have raised concerns that these drugs may not be as harmless as advertised, nor as similar to their plant-derived cannabis counterpart tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), as users may assume. Presented is a case of a 57-year-old man who died as a result of an acute coronary artery thrombosis immediately after smoking synthetic cannabinoids. Synthetic cannabinoids in this case were confirmed on directed postmortem toxicology testing, despite the routine postmortem drug screen being negative. Adverse cardiovascular side effects in association with these substances have only been reported in a few individuals; however, public education of the possibility for serious outcomes is needed. Medical examiners should be made aware of the potential toxicity of these drugs and the fact that they are only detected through specialized toxicological analysis. Additional research and case reports are necessary to fully understand the chemical composition and subsequent side effect profile of these drugs.
Turun kaupunginkirjaston vanhan kokoelman tutkimushanke: uutta tietoa vanhasta kokoelmasta
Authors: Karppinen Emilia , Yli-Seppälä Laura
Published: April 2017

Turun kaupunginkirjaston vanhan kokoelman tutkimushanke alkoi syksyllä 2013, jolloin myös Turun kaupunginkirjasto vietti 150-vuotisjuhliaan. Tutkimushankkeen tavoitteena oli tutkia Turun kaupunginkirjaston vanhaa kokoelmaa, luetteloida kokoelma, saattaa se tutkijoiden käytettäväksi ja tehdä se tunnetuksi. Nyt, keväällä 2017, hanke on tullut päätökseensä, ja kaikki teokset on saatu luetteloitua. Toukokuussa 2017 Turun kaupunginkirjastolla järjestetään hankkeen päätösseminaari, jossa kerrotaan hankkeen tuloksista ja luettelointitiedot sisältävää kokoelmatietokantaa esitellään yleisölle valmiissa muodossaan ensi kertaa.
Kansallinen bibliometriikkaseminaari 2016
Authors: Sandgren Terhi
Published: April 2017

Opetus- ja kulttuuriministeriö, Suomen yliopistokirjastojen neuvosto SYN, Helsingin yliopiston kirjasto ja CSC – Tieteen tietotekniikan keskus järjestivät bibliometriikkaseminaarin 16. joulukuuta 2016. Seminaaripäivän teemana oli tutkimuksen arviointi bibliometriikan näkökulmasta.
Fenomenologia ja tiedon luominen työyhteisöissä
Authors: Suorsa Anna
Published: April 2017

FM Anna Suorsan väitöskirja "Vuorovaikutus tiedon luomisessa. Fenomenologinen tutkimus tietojohtamisen alalla" (Interaction for knowledge creation. A phenomenological study in Knowledge Management) tarkastettiin 31.3.2017 Oulun yliopiston humanistisessa tiedekunnassa. Vastaväittäjänä toimi professori John M. Budd (University of Missouri, USA) ja kustoksena professori Maija-Leena Huotari (Oulun yliopisto). Väitöskirja on julkaistu sarjassa Acta Universitatis Ouluensis. B, Humaniora ja se on luettavissa myös Oulun yliopiston Jultika-julkaisuarkistossa osoitteessa http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789566215235.