bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wave Propagation Due to an Embedded Seismic Source in a Graded Half-Plane with Relief Peculiarities Part I: Mechanical Model and Computational Technique
Authors: Fontara I.-K. , Wuttke F. , Parvanova S. , Dineva P.
Published: May 2015

This work addresses the evaluation of the seismic wave field in a graded half-plane with free-surface and/or sub-surface relief subjected to shear horizontally (SH)-polarized wave, radiating from an embedded seismic source. The considered boundary value problem is transformed into a system of boundary integral equations (BIEs) along the boundaries of the free-surface and of any sub-surface relief, using an analytically derived frequency-dependent Green’s function for a quadratically inhomogeneous in depth half-plane. The numerical solution yields synthetic seismic signals at any point of the half-plane in both frequency and time domain following application of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Finally, in the companion paper, the verification and numerical simulation studies demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the present computational approach. The proposed BIE tool possesses the potential to reveal the sensitivity of the seismic signal to the type and properties of the seismic source, to the existence and type of the material gradient and to the lateral inhomogeneity, due to the free-surface and/or sub-surface relief peculiarities.
Runoff formation in terms of changes in land use – Mściwojów water reservoir area/ Odpływ powierzchniowy w rejonie zbiornika wodnego Mściwojów w świetle planowanych zmian urbanistycznych
Authors: Radecki-Pawlik Artur , Wałęga Andrzej , Wojkowski Jakub , Pijanowski Jacek
Published: May 2015

Along the paper the size of peak runoff was assessed affected by the influence of changes in water catchment area by land use due to future planned agricultural changes. The investigations were conducted in the Winna Góra catchment area located in Mściwojów, Lower Silesian voivodship at the Mściwojów water reservoir. At present, the catchment is used as arable land, forest and meadows. In the future the area of sealed surfaces such as: roofs, roads and car parks will increase. This can contribute in the change of water balance components. Analyses has shown, that changes in the use of a catchment area lead to reduction of surface flow time from the catchment (less resistance to motion) - in effect it causes increase of the runoff volume at about 28%. The increase of the water runoff volume may have significant influence on the Winna Góra development and functions as well as volume of water run into the Mściwojów water reservoir. To counteract the results of adverse changes caused by the catchment sealing - it is recommended for the investigated area to apply a balanced approach. This would consist of retaining precipitation water in its place of origin.
Thermal conditions in Bydgoszcz Region in growing seasons of 2011–2050 in view of expected climate change/ Warunki termiczne w rejonie Bydgoszczy w okresie wegetacyjnym w latach 2011–2050 w świetle przewidywanej zmiany klimatu
Authors: Bąk Bogdan , Łabędzki Leszek
Published: May 2015

The paper presents an analyse of the scenario of expected changes in monthly mean air temperature of months in the growing season (April-September) and growing seasons of 2011-2050 in Bydgoszcz Region. Prediction of thermal conditions is made using regional climate model RM5.1 with boundary values taken from global model ARPEGE. When compared with the reference period 1971-2000, an increase of mean air temperature should be expected in most months and growing seasons of the years 2011-2050. The biggest positive change in the mean monthly temperature is predicted for July (1.5°C) and August (1.2°C). In 2011-2050 significant increase trends of air temperature change can be expected in April, June and August. According to the thermal classification proposed by Lorenc, normal, slightly warm and slightly cool months and growing periods will dominate. The frequency of normal and slightly cool growing periods will decrease and the frequency of slightly warm growing periods will increase.
The analysis of the impact of small retention on water resources in the catchment/ Analiza oddziaływania małej retencji na zasoby wodne zlewni
Authors: Mioduszewski Waldemar , Querner Erik P. , Kowalewski Zbigniew
Published: May 2015

The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of selected small water retention measures on surface and groundwater level in river basins. The study was limited to the analysis of measures like small water reservoirs, restoration of bogs and reconstruction of drainage systems in the river valleys. A few study cases were described.

Dutch SIMGRO numerical model describing the regional surface water and groundwater flow has been used for simulation modelling of different cases.

The result of the study has shown that small retention measures are a good and effective method to increase the ability to retain water in the small river basins. Construction of small water reservoirs and weirs on ditches and creeks and restoration of drained bogs can limit the fast outflow of precipitation and melting water from the catchment.

The study has proved that the small water retention measures can be helpful for flood protection and in decreasing of drought threats in small river basins.
A limit theorem for average dimensions
Authors: Shukhman Boris V. , Sobol Ilya M.
Published: May 2015

A family of d-dimensional functions is introduced. It includes the test functions that in [Monte Carlo Methods Appl. 20 (2014), no. 3, 167–171] demonstrate the efficiency of certain quasi-Monte Carlo integrations. The average dimensions of these d-dimensional functions converge as d → ∞.
Natural Organic Matter in Ecosystems - a Review
Authors: Kosobucki Przemysław , Buszewski Bogusław
Published: May 2015

One of the most essential parameters limiting the potential use of the ecosystem (soil, water) is the content of the organic matter. The natural organic matter (NOM) is a ubiquitous component of the lithosphere and hydrosphere that constitutes one of the largest reservoirs of the carbon in the environment. Natural organic substances play several important functions in ecosystems and they are necessary for their normal functioning. Despite many years of the research and using many advanced analytical techniques, their structure has not been fully explained. The main aim of this review is to present the actual state of the knowledge about the natural organic matter and provide a comprehensive overview of the research that has explored up to date in this matter. The additional attention was focused on the relations within and between humic and fulvic acids in terrestrial and aquatic environments. Special attention is focused on the analytical methods used to analysis natural organic matter
Elicitation Phenolic Compounds in Cell Culture of Vitis vinifera L. by Phaeomoniella chlamydospora
Authors: Sák Martin , Dokupilová Ivana , Mihálik Daniel , Lakatošová Jana , Gubišová Marcela , Kraic Ján
Published: May 2015

The in vitro cell cultures of Vitis vinifera L. cv. St. Laurent were treated with two elicitors - synthetic methyl jasmonate and natural, prepared from grapevine plant infected with the Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, the agent causing the Esca disease of grapevine. Efficiency of phenolic compounds production after elicitation of cell culture was analysed immediately after treatment (15 min, 30 min, 60 min) and later (after 24, 48, and 72 hours). The cell growth and content of phenolic compounds (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, p-coumaric acid, syringaldehyde, rutin, vanillic acid, and trans-resveratrol were analysed in cultivated cells as well as in cultivation medium. Pch-treatment increased production of total polyphenols the most significantly 15 min after the elicitation and in optimal time was 2.86 times higher than in nonelicited culture and 1.44 times higher than in MeJa induced cell culture.
Modelling of a passive autocatalytic hydrogen recombiner – a parametric study
Authors: Rożeń Antoni
Published: May 2015

Operation of a passive autocatalytic hydrogen recombiner (PAR) has been investigated by means of computational fluid dynamics methods (CFD). The recombiner is a self-active and self-adaptive device used to remove hydrogen from safety containments of light water nuclear reactors (LWR) by means of a highly exothermic reaction with oxygen at the surface of a platinum or palladium catalyst. Different turbulence models (k-ω, k-ɛ, intermittency, RSM) were applied in numerical simulations of: gas flow, heat and mass transport and chemical surface reactions occurring in PAR. Turbulence was found to improve mixing and mass transfer and increase hydrogen recombination rate for high gas flow rates. At low gas flow rates, simulation results converged to those obtained for the limiting case of laminar flow. The large eddy simulation technique (LES) was used to select the best RANS (Reynolds average stress) model. Comparison of simulation results obtained for two- and three-dimensional computational grids showed that heat and mass transfer occurring in PAR were virtually two-dimensional processes. The effect of hydrogen thermal diffusion was also discussed in the context of possible hydrogen ignition inside the recombiner.
Mössbauer study of treated Nd2Fe14B
Authors: Budzyński Mieczysław , Constantin Virgil C. , Popescu Ana-Maria J. , Surowiec Zbigniew , Tkachenka Tamara M. , Yanushkevich Kazimir I.
Published: May 2015

The Nd2Fe14B cylindrical magnets were treated with water solutions of alkali, acid, and salt. Mössbauer spectroscopy was applied to study the composition and properties of the surface material of the treated magnets. It is shown that the main phase of the permanent Nd2Fe14B magnet partly decomposes. The released α-Nd at the grain boundaries interacts with water and forms neodymium hydroxide matrix, and the released Fe diffuses into it. The presence of Fe-Nd(OH)3 is reflected in the paramagnet doublet in the Mössbauer spectra of treated neodymium magnets.
The microstructure and magnetic properties of Nd8.5Tb1.5Fe83Zr1B6 ribbons obtained at various cooling rates
Authors: Dośpiał Marcin , Olszewski Jacek , Nabiałek Marcin , Pietrusiewicz Paweł , Kaczmarzyk Tomasz
Published: May 2015

The paper presents results of microstructure and magnetic properties studies of Nd8.5Tb1.5Fe83Zr1B6 ribbons obtained by melt-spinning technique. The samples were produced using the rapid cooling of liquid alloy on the copper wheel, by applying three different linear velocities 20, 30, and 35 m/s. The microstructure of obtained ribbons was examined using X-ray diffractometry and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Magnetic measurements were performed using LakeShore vibrating sample magnetometer. The microstructure measurements were used for quantitative and qualitative analysis of phase composition. Basing on results of structure studies combined with magnetic measurements, the influence of phase composition on hysteresis loop behavior was described.
Crystal structure and Mössbauer study of FeAl2O4
Authors: Jastrzębska Ilona , Szczerba Jacek , Stoch Paweł , Błachowski Artur , Ruebenbauer Krzysztof , Prorok Ryszard , Śnieżek Edyta
Published: May 2015

In this work the synthesis of hercynite from Fe2O3 and Al2O3 powders was carried out by arc-melting method under the protective argon atmosphere. The obtained material was characterized with the use of powder X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS). A Mössbauer effect in hercynite obtained by the arc-melting method indicated the cations distribution in the spinel structure among the tetrahedral and octahedral interstices. The presence of Fe2+ ions was detected in both tetrahedral and octahedral sites while Fe3+ ions occupied only the octahedral interstices. The approximate formula of the obtained iron-aluminate spinel was as follows (Fe2+
0.77Al3+
0.23) (Fe3+
0.07Fe2+
0.05Al0.88)2O4.
Mössbauer study of a tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) porphyrin iron (III) chloride in comparison with the fluorine unsubstituted analogue
Authors: Kaczmarzyk Tomasz , Dziedzic-Kocurek Katarzyna , Rutkowska Iwona , Dziliński Kazimierz
Published: May 2015

Mössbauer investigations, in association with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, have been conducted for the molecular and electronic structures of iron (III) [tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl)] porphyrin chloride [(F20TPP)Fe:Cl], as a Fe(III)-tetraphenylporphyrin complex containing chloride axial ligand and substituted hydrogen atoms by fluorine ones in the four phenyl rings, in comparison with its fluorine unsubstituted analogue [(TPP)Fe:Cl]. It was found that the parameters of Mössbauer spectra of both complexes are close to one another, and correspond to the high-spin state of Fe(III) ions, but they show the different temperature dependence and the quadrupole doublets in Mössbauer spectra show different asymmetry at low temperatures. Results of DFT calculations are analyzed in the light of catalytic activity of the halogenated complex.
The study of crystal and magnetic properties of MnNi0.85Fe0.15Ge
Authors: Budzyński Mieczysław , Valkov Viktor I. , Golovchan Alexei V. , Mitsiuk Viktor I. , Sivachenko Alexandr P. , Surowiec Zbigniew , Tkachenka Tamara M.
Published: May 2015

Magnetic and Mössbauer measurements were performed for MnNi0.85Fe0.15Ge. The Mössbauer data indicate that Fe atoms in MnNi0.85Fe0.15Ge are randomly distributed over two types of metal sites in hexagonal structure. At 77 K, the hyperfine magnetic fields at Fe located in different crystal sites have similar values of about 12.7 and 12.3 T. The random site distribution of the iron atoms in the non-magnetic hexagonal phase at high temperatures is confirmed by the theoretical calculations in fully relativistic Korringa –Kohn –Rostoker (KKR) method.
Nanophotochromism
Authors: Barachevsky V.A.
Published: May 2015

The review presents the state-of-the-art analysis of investigations in the field of a new line of research of photochromism – nanophotochromism. The design, properties, and possible applications of photochromic nanoparticles prepared by different methods with the use of photochromic substances (aggregates, host-guest, and polymer systems, solid nanoparticles) aswell as core-shell photochromic nanostructures based on polymers, silica, quantum dots, doped upconversion nanocrystals, and Ag, Au, etc. nanoparticles have been reviewed.
The Origin of the Term Handicap in Games and Sports – History of a Concept
Authors: Hansen Jørn
Published: May 2015

Words and concepts may change in time, and this has certainly been the case with the term handicap. From the establishment of modern sports in the middle of the 19th century and up until the middle of the 20th century, handicap had an entirely different meaning within sports. Thus, handicap was understood as a disadvantage imposed on talented contestants to make the competition more equal in sports. Later the term handicap became much closer related to the concepts invalid and crippled than to concept originally employed within sports, With the gradual introduction of the welfare state measures to the political agenda the politicians in Denmark also started to take an interest in invalids and cripples and in 1925 the National Association of the Crippled and Maimed was founded. By the end of the 20 century the term crippled was seen by many as outdated and in 1988 the name was changed to the Danish Association for the Disabled (Dansk Handicap Forbund) and already in 1971 this organization helped to found The Danish Disabled Sports Association (Dansk Handicap Idræts-Forbund). The article tells the story of how the concept of handicap, which originally was an aim to provide equal opportunities, today has become a synonym for disability, while in the Paralympics and competitive disability sports, the original sports term handicap has been replaced by classification.
Disabled People in Play.Toward an Existential and Differential Phenomenology of Moving with Dis-Ease
Authors: Eichberg Henning
Published: May 2015

Disability has become an increasingly important field of investment for modern welfare policy-visible in architecture for wheelchair users as well as in budgets for health care. This documents a gain in solidarity, but it implies also some challenges of practical and philosophical character. Play and games (of, for, and with disabled people) make these challenges bodily. These challenges will here be explored in three steps.

In the first step, we discover the paradoxes of equality and categorization, normalization and deviance in the understanding of disability. Ableism, a negative view on disability, is just around the corner. The Paralympic sports for disabled people make this visible. However, play with disabled people shows alternative ways. And it calls to our attention how little we know, so far, about how disabled people play.

The second step leads to an existential phenomenology of disablement. Sport and play make visible to what degree the building of “handicap” is a cultural achievement. All human beings are born disabled and finally die disabled-and inbetween they create hindrances to make life dis-eased. Dis-ease is a human condition.

However, and this is an important third step, disablement and dis-eased life are not just one, but highly differentiated. These differences are relevant for political practice and have to be recognized. Attention to differences opens up a differential phenomenology of disablement and of disabled people in play-as a basis for politics of recognition.
Inclusion of Outsiders Through Sport
Authors: Fehsenfeld Michael
Published: May 2015

Social work strategy is increasingly applying sports and physical activity programs as a vehicle for the social inclusion of outsiders. The underlying assumption is that interactions between diverse social groups generate social capital, which can potentially function as a social lever for socially disadvantaged groups. Knowledge about how and when this levering process occurs is, however, insufficient. The generation and acquisition of social capital requires adequate qualities in the relationship between social entities. Hence, meticulous research is essential to expound on the mechanisms and circumstances under which the socially disadvantaged can benefit from social capital generated through sports and physical activity. The article is primarily based on qualitative interviews with different groups of socially disadvantaged people. The interviews were conducted as part of a large-scale investigation of participation in sports in socially deprived neighborhoods. Subsequently, the findings from the qualitative interviews were triangulated with findings from an assessment of documentation and evaluation reports covering about 200 projects, and findings from a scientific literature review. The findings suggest that strategies aiming at social inclusion through sports and physical activities need to take social context into consideration
The Lived Experiences of Participating in Physical Activity among Young People with Mental Health Problems. A Recovery-Oriented Perspective
Authors: Staal Anna , Jespersen Ejgil
Published: May 2015

There is a growing understanding that psychiatric treatment is more than psychotherapy and medication, and that people themselves can be active in preventing and handling mental health problems. This brings non-medical solutions into play. Physical activity (in terms of exercise, sport, and fitness) becomes an important contribution in this particular context. The perceived mental and physical benefits of physical activity (both preventative and therapeutic) for people experiencing mental health problems are well documented. Typically, this kind of research focuses narrowly on “size of effect” or “most successful type of intervention” or “exercise versus other treatment.” Less research has explored the lived experience of physical activity and the meaning and relevance it has for individuals in their everyday lives. This article suggests that sport and exercise can play a valuable role in and contribute to the recovery process for young people with mental health problems. Results from an evaluation study of a developmental project in Denmark shows how physical activity affects a person‟s lived experiences, relationships, and pursuits. The findings is discussed in relation to the concept of recovery, especially focusing on exercise as a form of self-care strategy, as an opportunity to create social relationships, and as a way to become part of a meaningful social activity.
The Embodied Nature of Autistic Learning: Implications for Physical Education
Authors: Jespersen Ejgil , He Jing
Published: May 2015

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and learning difficulties are difficult to separate in clinic manifestations and diagnoses. By taking learning as being-in-the-world, this article considers the embodied nature of autistic learning and urges its importance for understanding the phenomenological core of ASD. We begin by arguing that three mainstream contemporary ASD theories are inherently limited in offering an adequate account of autistic learning due to the disembodied ontology inscribed within them. Then, we provide an understanding of learning guided by the subjective dynamics of experience. Instead of having a disembodied and individualistic point of view, we suggest that autistic learning has an embodied nature. The “inappropriate” or “abnormal” affections and behaviors in the autistic experience of learning may actually be inherently meaningful for individuals with ASD. They strive to make sense of some basic disturbances and re-establish some form of coherence with the world, though this may only be possible in the form of delusions or autistic withdrawals. Finally, we explore the relationship between autistic learning and physical education and suggest in particular how spontaneous imitation can boost the development of children with ASD. We conclude that the application of implicit learning strategies in playful settings and the reduction of explicit strategies based upon intellectual reasoning rather than bodily reciprocity should be encouraged in the process of autistic learning.
Numerical modeling of batch formation in waste incineration plants
Authors: Obroučka Karel , Vlček Jozef , Moravcová Tereza , Blahůšková Veronika , Fojtík Pavel
Published: May 2015

The aim of this paper is a mathematical description of algorithm for controlled assembly of incinerated batch of waste. The basis for formation of batch is selected parameters of incinerated waste as its calorific value or content of pollutants or the combination of both. The numerical model will allow, based on selected criteria, to compile batch of wastes which continuously follows the previous batch, which is a prerequisite for optimized operation of incinerator. The model was prepared as for waste storage in containers, as well as for waste storage in continuously refilled boxes. The mathematical model was developed into the computer program and its functionality was verified either by practical measurements or by numerical simulations. The proposed model can be used in incinerators for hazardous and municipal waste.
The effect of preparation method on the performance of PtSn/Al2O3 catalysts for acetic acid hydrogenation
Authors: Zhang Ke , Zhang Haitao , Ma Hongfang , Ying Weiyong , Fang Dingye
Published: May 2015

PtSn/Al2O3 catalysts with a given loading of 1 wt% Pt and 1 wt% Sn were prepared by co-impregnation or successive impregnation with aqueous solutions of Pt, Sn precursors and a commercial alumina. The catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption, H2-TPR (H2 temperature-programmed reduction), H2-pulse chemisorption, XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and CO-FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), and tested in the hydrogenation of acetic acid. The results showed that the preparation method affected both the chemical properties and their performance in the hydrogenation of acetic acid. Sn enrichment on the catalysts surface was observed on the co-impregnated catalyst and catalyst in which the Pt precursor had been loaded first. It was found that the modification of Pt was a function of the sequence of Sn addition as revealed by CO-FTIR. Co-impregnated catalyst showed the highest activity and ethanol selectivity.
A novel approach for calculating packed column height based on new correlation of mass transfer coefficient
Authors: Rahbar-Kelishami Ahmad , Bahmanyar Hossein , Hajamini Zahra
Published: May 2015

The calculation of column’s height plays an important role in packed columns precise design. This research is based on experimentally measurement of mass transfer coefficients in different heights of packed column to predict its height. The objective of presented work is to introduce a novel conceptual method to predict column height via new correlation for mass transfer coefficient. As the mass transfer coefficient is decreased with increase of column height, the HTU’s are not constant figures along the column so this new approach is called increasing HTU’s. The results of the proposed idea were compared with other correlations and the conventional method i.e. constant HTU’s. Since the results are in very good agreement with experimental data comparing to conventional method, it seems this approach can be a turning point in design of all differential columns like packed columns. Making use of this method is suggested for design of differential columns.
Direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate and propylene glycol using potassium bicarbonate as catalyst in supercritical CO2
Authors: Wen Yicun , Zhang Rui , Cang Yu , Zhang Jianchao , Liu Lixiao , Guo Xuhong , Fan Bin
Published: May 2015

The improved one-pot synthesis of dimethyl carbonate and propylene glycol from propylene oxide, supercritical carbon dioxide, and methanol with potassium bicarbonate as the catalyst has been reported in this paper. As far as we know, it is the first time to use potassium bicarbonate only as the catalyst in the production process which is simple and cheap. Satisfactory conversion rate of propylene oxide and yield of the products could be achieved at the optimized conditions with quite a small amount of by-products. Our new method offers an attractive choice for the production of dimethyl carbonate in large-scale industry efficiently and environmental friendly.
Biosorption of lead(II), zinc(II) and nickel(II) from industrial wastewater by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Wierzba Sławomir
Published: May 2015

The biosorption of Pb(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II) from industrial wastewater using Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Bacillus subtilis was investigated under various experimental conditions regarding pH, metal concentration and contact time. The optimum pH values for the biosorption of the three metals were in the range 5.0-6.0, while the optimal contact time for the two bacterial species was 30 min. Experimental data was analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms; the former had a better fit for the biosorption of Pb(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II). The maximum adsorption uptakes (qmax) of the three metals calculated from the Langmuir biosorption equation for S. maltophilia were 133.3, 47.8 and 54.3 for Pb(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II), respectively, and for B. subtilis were 166.7, 49.7 and 57.8 mg/g, respectively. B. subtilis biomass was more favorable for the biosorption of Pb (II) and Ni (II), while S. maltophilia was more useful for the biosorption of Zn (II).
Super phosphoric acid catalyzed esterification of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate for biodiesel production: physicochemical parameters and kinetics
Authors: Metre Anand V. , Nath Kaushik
Published: May 2015

In the present study the esterification of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), a by-product from palm oil industry, in the presence of super phosphoric acid (SPA) catalyst was studied. The effects of various physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, PFAD to methanol molar ratio and amount of catalyst on the conversion of biodiesel were investigated. The percent conversion of FFA and properties of the biodiesel were determined following standard methodologies. Percent conversion of biodiesel was found to increase with the increase in PFAD to methanol molar ratio and at 1:12 molar ratio and 70°C temperature 95% conversion was achieved. Thermodynamic parameters were also evaluated in terms of Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy at different molar ratio and temperatures. Both pseudo first and second order irreversible kinetics were applied to a wide range of experimental data. However, according to regression coefficient (R2) the second order described better experimental behavior of kinetic data.
Legal Regulations Regarding Transplantation - In Poland, Germany and Switzerland
Authors: Huzarska Dorota , Huzarska Joanna , Pędziński Leonard , Sowa Paweł , Szpak Andrzej
Published: May 2015

Introduction. Transplantation surgery, involving transplantation of cells, tissues and organs, constitutes a common medical practice that saves the lives of a great number of patients.

Aim. The purpose of the present paper is to provide a comparative analysis of the legal regulations regarding transplantation that are in practice inside three European countries: Poland and Germany - EU Member States - and Switzerland - a non-EU state. The considerations made herein are meant to find an answer to the question whether the provisions of law regarding transplantation in the specified European countries regulate the legal situation of the donor and the recipient in a similar manner.

Material and methods. The paper is based on the following source documents: The Cell, Tissue and Organ Recovery, Storage and Transplantation Act of July 1, 2005; The Act on Donation, Recovery and Transplantation of Organs and Tissues of November 5, 1997 (Transplantation Act - TPG); Federal Act on Transplantation of Organs, Tissues and Cells of October 8, 2004. In our work, we applied two methods, the first being comparative, and the second being dogmatic-legal. The latter consists of analyzing the provisions regarding transplantation as found within the three selected European countries.

Results and Discussion. Under Polish, German and Swiss law alike, the recovery of cells, tissues and organs is allowed from an adult, who, under the Polish and German Acts, has full capacity to enter into legal transactions, and who, under the Swiss Act - is an adult who is mentally competent. Of note is that a minor might only be a donor in ex vivo transplantation provided that precisely specified requirements are met. Of additional note is that, under the German and Swiss Acts, recovery of tissues and organs from a human cadaver donor is allowed only if this person gave consent for such recovery prior to their death; under the Polish Act, this is allowed unless the deceased person expressed their objection when alive.

Conclusion. As far as ex vivo transplantation is concerned, the legal solutions regarding transplantation in Poland, Germany and Switzerland regulate the legal situation of the donor and the recipient of a transplant in a similar way, although there are a few significant differences. As for ex mortuo transplantations - the legal solutions applied in each country greatly differ.
An Evaluation of the Knowledge of Patiens of the Need to Follow Suitable Lifestyles After Hart Surgery
Authors: Narloch Agnieszka , Mędrzycka-Dąbrowska Wioletta
Published: May 2015

Introduction. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of premature death in Europe. In Poland, the percentage mortality is 2, 5 times higher than in Western European countries.

Aim. To assess patients' knowledge of the need for diet and physical activity after cardiac surgery. Material and methods. The study involved a group of 150 patients after cardiac surgery. The research was conducted at the Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, University Clinical Centre in Gdansk. The study used a questionnaire of our own design.

Results. Over half of the respondents stated that they had an average amount of knowledge with regard to healthy eating, while one in four had a less than average level of knowledge, and 16% opined that they had a superior knowledge of the same. These results are dependent on age and degree of formal education, and to adherence to dietary recommendations of gender, to financial situation and marital status. With regard to average dietary adherence, more women than men properly identified products harmful to human health. These last results bore little correlation to place of residence or degree of formal education. In addition, slightly more than half of the respondents (55.3%) practiced some sort of physical activity, but up 44.7% does not do any. More active were women and younger people (of both sexes), and those with higher degrees of formal education.

Conclusions. Knowledge of patients with regard to diet after cardiac surgery is dependent on age and degree of formal education, and to adherence to dietary recommendations of gender, to financial situation and marital status. However, formal education and place of residence does not have a significant impact on the level of knowledge of products that are harmful to human health and behavior. Both sex, place of residence and degree of formal education have an impact on level of physical activity in general, as well as on its individual manifestations. More active are women, younger people and those with higher formal education.
The Influence of Nursing Care on Pregnancy and Labour
Authors: Kozłowiec Joanna , Kozłowiec Monika , Książek Piotr
Published: May 2015

Introduction. Performance management is a crucial concept in the broader field of human resource management. In accordance with its principles, in defining a professional role, its aim must be included. In addition, key results areas and crucial competencies must be stated. The professional role of a nurse with regard to pregnancy and pre-natal care, is defined by way of the set of functions fulfilled. The role of a midwife and her competencies are, however, in this situation, much broader.

Aim. The aim of the conducted research was to determine the roles played by both nursing and midwifery staff in ensuring a healthy pregnancy and delivery by way of their patients' assessment.

Material and methods. The research was conducted in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology unit, in the Regional Specialist Hospital in Biała Podlaska, and it involved 40 pregnant women.

Results and discussion. Our study reveals that what the subject women need the most from the nursing and midwifery staff, is emotional support. What is more, the dominant majority connects their expectations as to the fulfilment of the roles played by nursing and midwifery staff to an increase in information support.

Conclusion. The obtained results allow a defining of the aim of the professional roles of nurses and midwives in supporting and assisting the pregnant, as well as identifying their key results areas and crucial competencies from the patients' point of view. In comparing our own study results to that involving patients' opinions (gained by way of a study conducted in the obstetrics and gynaecology unit, by the quality care assessment section of the Regional Specialist Hospital in Biała Podlaska), it can be stated that there is continuous positive growth in the quality of service provided by nurses and midwives.
The Attitude of Students of Academy of Physical Education to Alcohol Consumption
Authors: Wójtowicz-Chomicz Katarzyna , Czeczuk Anna , Huk-Wieliczuk Elżbieta , Borzęcki Andrzej
Published: May 2015

Introduction. Alcohol is found to contribute to everyday life of young people. Frequent heavy drinking, violent behavior under influence of alcohol are typical for youths. Unreasonable over-consumption of alcohol might have direct impact on their health in adulthood, as initially controlled amount of alcohol drinking can gradually lead to abuse and further, to alcohol addiction.

Aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of alcohol consumption and to notify knowledge of the harmful effects of alcohol on human body.

Material and methods. The study was conducted among 276 fifth-year students (including 206 men and 70 women). Students filled out an anonymous questionnaire containing AUDIT test.

Results. Risky model of alcohol consumption was observed among 75.72% of students whereas alcohol-addicted group accounted for 1.81%. The remaining group of students (22.47%) was reported as harmful alcohol consumption model. Beer was the most often consumed alcohol.

Conclusions. Abstinence from drinking alcohol is a rarely observed phenomenon among students of the Academy of Physical Education. Future PE teachers should be urgently motivated to educate and to encourage youths about healthy life style.
Drug Closure of a Patent Ductus Arteriosus in an Extremely Low Birth Weight Premature Newborn. A Case Report
Authors: Kaczyńska Anna , Broczek Katarzyna , Sienkiewicz Zofia , Gotlib Joanna
Published: May 2015

The article presents the role of government and non-government organisations in promoting knowledge on Alzheimer's disease in Poland and the European Union. There is a detailed analysis of the EU documents and non-government organisations in promoting knowledge on Alzheimer's disease in Germany, France and Holland. There is a discussion on the National Alzheimer's Plan on the basis of an example of introducing such a plan in Finland. Additionally, the rules of helping people suffering from Alzheimer's disease and their attendants in Poland are presented.
Long Term Effects of Below-the-Knee Angioplasty in Diabetic Patients with Critical Ischemia of Lower Limbs Referred to Sina Hospital During 2010-2011
Authors: Zafarghandi Mohammad-Reza , Nazari Iraj , Taghavi Morteza , Rashidi Abbas , Dardashti Sanaz Karimi , Sadid Donya , Esmaili Leyli , Mahmoodi Seyed Mostafa , Mousavi Masood
Published: May 2015

Despite significant advances in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers and below-the-knee critical ischemia, there are ongoing efforts to achieve a method with low complication, high success rate and persistence of long-term effects.

was to examine the outcome of angioplasty in patients with below-the-knee critical ischemia referred to Hospital.

. This semi-experimental study conducted on diabetics patients treated with PTA (Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty) with critical ischemia of lower limbs referred to Sina Hospital. After discharge, the patients were followed weekly for the first month and then monthly up to 12 months. The procedure short-term effects were examined through evaluation of wound healing as well as patients' recovery and pain relief, after one month. Given the distribution type, parametric and non-parametric test were used to compare the results before and after treatment. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to determine the correlation between variables.

. Twenty four patients participated in this study. The mean ankle-brachial index (ABI) at baseline was 0.55±0.17. A month after angioplasty, the index increased statistically significant to 0.93±0.16. The mean health score expressed by the patients at baseline was 5.48±1.39. A month after angioplasty, it was significantly increased (6.32±1.24). The mean pain score before enrollment was 6.68±2.52 (according to VAS scale). There was a significant decrease over time (3.45±1.13). The overall mean score of all patients at Rutherford Classification was 3.88±0.63 at baseline. During the 1st month and 6th month follow-up, it was changed to Class 0 that was statistically significant in the first month.

. This study represents the mid-term outcomes of PTA. Although PTA treatment was associated with improved pain scores, satisfaction with health, classification of limb ischemia and diabetic foot ulcers, the effects only remain short-term and mid-term. However, long-term efficacy of PTA needs to be investigated further.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of the Treatment Using Standard Methods and Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) in Patients Treated with Open Abdomen Technique
Authors: Szmyt Krzysztof , Krokowicz Łukasz , Bobkiewicz Adam , Cybułka Bartosz , Ledwosiński Witold , Gordon Maciej , Alammari Ahmed , Banasiewicz Tomasz , Drews Michał
Published: May 2015

Open abdomen technique is a surgical treatment in which the fascia and skin are left open in order to reduce the value of the intra-abdominal pressure. According to the World Society of the Abdominal Compartment Syndrome (WSACS) normal values of the intra-abdominal pressure are between 5 and 7 mm Hg. Intra-abdominal hypertension occurs when the pressure value is equal to or exceeds 12 mm Hg.

was to compare the results of the open abdomen treatment using standard methods and negative pressure wound therapy.

. The study was in the form of a retrospective analysis of the documentation of the patients treated with open abdomen technique. The study included 37 patients treated in the Department of General and Endocrine Surgery and Gastroenterological Oncology and in the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care of the Medical Sciences since 2009-2012. Patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (n = 20) was treated with standard surgical procedures (laparostomy, repeated peritoneal cavity lavage) and group 2 (n =17) was treated using negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT). The analysed clinical data included the period of hospitalization and clinical outcome (survival vs death), the occurrence of enteroatmospheric fistulae, cyclical determination of the quantitative C-reactive protein levels.

. The number of deaths during hospitalization in the group treated with NPWT was lower than in the group treated with standard methods (3 vs 9). The number of fistulae during hospitalization in the group treated with NPWT dropped as compared to the group treated using standard procedures (18% vs 70%). The decrease in the CRP levels was recorded in the group treated with NPWT and its increase - in the group treated with standard methods. Conclusions. The use of NPWT in patients requiring open abdomen treatment is reasonable due to the positive results with respect to survival rates and the decrease in the number of gastrointestinal fistulae. It is necessary to train the physicians in using this type of therapy in the form of workshops and in the clinical setting.
The effect of metamizole and tolfenamic acid on canine and equine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) an in vitro research.
Authors: Nicpoń J. , Siudzińska A. , Marędziak M. , Śmieszek A. , Basińska K. , Koszykowska M.
Published: May 2015

The influences of NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs) – non-selective metamizole and selectively-acting tolfenamic acid were estimated on morphology, ultrastructure, and cytophysiological activity of canine (Ca) and equine (Eq) adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs). The lowest concentration of metamizole (0.01 mg/mL) stimulated the viability and cytophysiological activity of Ca ASCs and did not affect cell morphology. Stimulated cells possessed a proper, fibroblastic shape, with large, eccentrically located nuclei. Similar effects to those observed in Ca ASCs were found in Eq cells treated with both drugs. Cells cultivated with the intermediate (0.1 mg/mL) doses of NSAIDs displayed proper cell morphology, whereas cells cultivated in intermediate dose (0.1 mg/mL) became more flattened. The highest concentrations (1 mg/mL) of both drugs resulted in a cytotoxic effect in Ca and Eq ASCs. Based on these results, we conclude that stimulation of Ca and Eq ASCs with metamizole as well as Eq ASCs with tolfenamic acid can lead to positive effects only when the lowest drug concentrations are applied. This study indicates a different cellular response of canine and equine ASCs treated with metamizole and tolfenamic acid. The obtained data might be potentially useful in the study of functionalized veterinary biomaterials.
Modeling the kinetics of survival of Staphylococcus aureus in regional yogurt from goat's milk
Authors: Bednarko-Młynarczyk E. , Szteyn J. , Białobrzewski I. , Wiszniewska-Łaszczych A. , Liedtke K.
Published: May 2015

The aim of this study was to determine the kinetics of the survival of the test strain of Staphylococcus aureus in the product investigated. Yogurt samples were contaminated with S. aureus to an initial level of 103-104 cfu/g. The samples were then stored at four temperatures: 4, 6, 20, 22°C. During storage, the number of S. aureus forming colonies in a gram of yogurt was determined every two hours. Based on the results of the analysis culture the curves of survival were plotted. Three primary models were selected to describe the kinetics of changes in the count of bacteria: Cole's model, a modified model of Gompertz and the model of Baranyi and Roberts. Analysis of the model fit carried out based on the average values of Pearson's correlation coefficient, between the modeled and measured values, showed that the Cole's model had the worst fit. The modified Gompertz model showed the count of S. aureus as a negative value. These drawbacks were not observed in the model of Baranyi and Roberts. For this reason, this model best reflects the kinetics of changes in the number of staphylococci in yogurt.
Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Arcobacter butzleri and Arcobacter cryaerophilus isolates from retail meat in Lower Silesia region, Poland
Authors: Zacharow I. , Bystroń J. , Wałecka-Zacharska E. , Podkowik M. , Bania J.
Published: May 2015

Arcobacter butzleriandA. cryaerophilusare considered potential foodborne pathogens. Consumption ofArcobacter-contaminated food is regarded the most likely source of human poisoning. We investigated the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance ofArcobacterisolates in 210 retail meat samples. Seventy-nineA. butzleriand 6A. cryaerophiluswere isolated from pork, beef and chicken meat. Incidence ofA. butzleriwas found to be the highest in chicken meat (83%). Less ofA. butzleriwas isolated from beef (16%) and pork (14%). Most of theA. butzleriisolates were resistant to β-lactams, like ampicillin (85%), amoxicillin with clavulonic acid (63%), cefotaxime (66%) and macrolides, i.e., erythromycin (62%). In contrast, all except oneA. cryaerophilusisolates were susceptible to erythromycin. Tetracycline and aminoglycosides showed the highest efficacy againstA. butzleriandA. cryaerophilussince almost 80% of their population was susceptible to these agents. All, except oneA. cryaerophilusand the majority ofA. butzleriisolates (70%) were susceptible to fluoroquinolones. The incidence of multiresistant isolates was found in forty two (53%)A. butzleri, and one (16%)A. cryaerophilusisolates. EightA. butzleriisolates were resistant to all antimicrobials tested. These results indicate significant incidence of potential foodborne zoonotic agents, i.e.A. butzleriandA. cryaerophilusincluding multiresistant isolates in retail meat in Poland.