bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Samsun İli Alaçam İlçesinde Köy Ürünleri Pazarında Doğrudan Pazarlama ve Pazarlama Etkinliği
Authors: ANAKÖK Esra , HAZNECİ Kerem
Published: December 2021

Köy pazarı satıcılarının işletmelerinin bulunduğu konumu, üretim miktarını, ürün çeşidini, ürün kalitesini ve doğrudan pazarlama için sahip olduğu altyapı imkânlarını göz önüne alarak kullanabileceği doğrudan pazarlama stratejilerini belirlemesi önemli görülmektedir. Bu araştırmada, Samsun/Alaçam Köy Ürünleri Pazarında ürünlerini satan üreticilerin pazarlama koşulları değiştiğinde pazarlama marjları ve pazarlama etkinliğindeki değişimi ölçebilmek için bir analiz gerçekleştirilmiştir. Diğer deyişle doğrudan pazarlama ve dolaylı pazarlama gibi değişik senaryolarda köy ürünleri pazarında ürünlerini satan üreticilerin pazarlama marjları, mutlak marjları ve nispi marjları hesaplanmıştır. Anket yapılan üreticilerin örnek hacminin belirlenmesinde tam sayım yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Pazarlama etkinliği hesaplanırken, en yaygın kullanılan ölçülerden birisi olan Acharya’nın modifiye edilmiş pazarlama etkinliği formülünden yararlanılmıştır. Belirlenen ürünlerin pazarlama indeksleri doğrudan pazarlama kanallarından biri olan köy ürünleri pazarında daha yüksek olarak hesaplanmıştır. Köy ürünleri pazarında çiftçilerin satış yapmasında etkili faktörler arasında en büyük etkenin daha fazla gelir sağlamak olduğu gözlenmektedir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre ürünlerin değerinden ucuza satılması çiftçilerin gelirlerini azaltmaktadır. Üreticilerin gelirlerini arttırmak için köy ürünlerinin pazarlama yapısı daha etkin hale getirilebilir.
Sanayi İşletmecilerince Algılanan Çevre Sorunları ve Nedenleri (TR83 Bölgesi Araştırması)
Authors: GÖNÜLTAŞ Hayati , KIZILASLAN Halil
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmada, TR83 Bölgesi'ndeki Tokat, Samsun, Çorum ve Amasya illerindeki sanayi işletmecilerinin çevre sorunlarına yönelik algı ve düşüncelerinin belirlenmesi, farkındalıklarının ölçülmesi ve çevre koruma konusundaki duyarlılıklarının artırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bölgedeki sanayi tesisleri ve tarımsal üretimin tarım arazileri, yer altı ve yer üstü suları ve havaya olumsuz etkilerinin araştırılması amacıyla, bölge illerinden yüzey sularına ve sanayi tesislerine yakınlığı nedeniyle kirlilik etkilerine açık yerler çalışma alanları olarak seçilmiş ve toplam 156 sanayi işletmecisiyle anket yapılmıştır. Sanayi işletmecilerine göre sorunların başında evsel atık ve fosseptik sorunu gelmekte, neden olarak ise çarpık kentleşme görülmektedir. Bu nedenle, su kirliliği ve düzensiz kentleşmeye yol açan etkenler için gerekli tedbirlere başvurulmalıdır. Çevre duyarlılığı ve farkındalığı için sanayi işletmecilerine ilgili kuruluşlarca sürekli eğitim verilmelidir.
Kırdan Kente Göç Eden Ailelerin Kız Çocuklarına Yönelik Tutum ve Davranışları (Tokat İli Merkez İlçe Araştırması)
Authors: KIZILASLAN Nuray , SOLMAZ Eda
Published: December 2021

Bu araştırmada kırdan kente göçün göç eden aile bireyleri üzerindeki etkileri, ekonomik ve sosyal yaşamlarındaki değişimler incelenmiştir. Araştırma, Tokat merkez ilçede belirlenen 21 mahallede yaşayan kırdan göç etmiş 402 aile üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada elde edilen veriler faktör analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmada ailelerin kız çocuklarına yönelik tutum ve davranışlarını ölçmek amacıyla faktör analizi yapılmıştır. Analizde özdeğerleri 1’den büyük olan faktör sayısı 5 olup, bu faktörler toplam varyansın %63.633’ünü açıklamaktadır. Genel olarak ailelerin kız çocuklarının eğitimleri, çalışmaları ve evlilikleri konusunda olumlu tutum içinde oldukları sonucu ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca, kırdan kente göç eden ailelerin kız çocuklarına yönelik geleneksel düşüncelerden arındığı, onların okumaları ve çalışmalarını önemsediği, kız ve erkek çocukları arasında ayrım yapmak istemedikleri, cinsiyet eşitsizliğine karşı oldukları sonucu ortaya çıkmaktadır. Kız çocuklarının güçlendirilmesine yönelik faaliyetlerin sürdürülmesi gerekmektedir.
Aktaş Yoncası (Melilotus alba Desr.) Genotiplerinin Sekonder Metabolit İçeriği Bakımından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: YILDIRIM İlknur , ÖZTÜRK Yasin Emre , KARDEŞ Yusuf Murat , GÜLÜMSER Erdem , MUT Hanife
Published: December 2021

Baklagiller familyasında yer alan taş yoncaları içermiş olduğu ikincil metabolitler ile hayvan besleme ve sağlığı açısından önem teşkil etmektedir. Diğer taraftan, kıraç ve fakir topraklarda kurulacak kısa süreli meraların kalitesinin artırılmasında kullanılan taş yoncalarının yem kalitesi yüksek olmakla birlikte, yonca ve üçgül türlerine göre şişme problemi daha azdır. Bu araştırma, Bilecik ili doğal florasından toplanan 17 adet aktaş yoncası genotipinin (Melilotus alba Desr.) toplam fenolik, toplam flavonoid, radikal kovucu aktivite (DPPH) ve kondanse tanen içeriklerinin belirlenmesi amacı ile yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucuna göre, genotiplerin ortalama fenolik, flavonoid, DPPH ve kondanse tanen içerikleri sırasıyla 3.901 mg GA g-1, 17.962 mg QE g-1, %26.523 ve %0.611 olarak belirlenmiş olup, söz konusu bileşikler bakımından aktaş yoncası genotipleri arasında farklılıklar olmuştur. Ayrıca, çalışmada belirlenen bu bileşikler yem kalitesi ve hayvan sağlığı açısından çok önemli olup, sonuçlar ileride yapılacak çalışmalara ışık tutacak niteliktedir.
Kooperatif Markalı Ürünlere Yönelik Tüketici Tercihleri: Tokat İli Merkez İlçe Örneği*
Authors: YÜZBAŞIOĞLU Rüveyda
Published: December 2021

Tarımsal ürünleriyle markalaşma yolunda olan Tokat ilinde, kooperatif markalı ürünlerin tüketim tercihlerinin incelenmesi bu araştırmanın amacını oluşturmaktadır. Bu bağlamda Tokat il merkezinde ikamet eden 383 tüketici ile yüz yüze görüşülmüştür. Araştırma kapsamında görüşülen tüketicilerin genç ve çalışan nüfustan oluşmaktadır. Tüketicilerin, kooperatif markalı ürünleri tanımını bilme oranı düşük olmasına rağmen, kooperatif markalı ürünlerin tüketilme oranının fazla olduğu (Torku, Marmarabirlik, gibi) gözlenmiştir. Tüketicilerin kooperatif markalarının diğer markalara göre tercih etmelerinde en etkili faktörden biri kooperatif markalı ürünlerin daha kaliteli olduğunu düşünmeleridir. Bu da toplumun kooperatiflere karşı görüşünün olumlu olduğunu göstermektedir. Tüketiciler kooperatiflere ilişkin olumlu tutum ve davranış içerisindedir. Tüketiciler kooperatif markalı ürünlerin daha kaliteli ve uygun fiyatlı olduğu bilincinde olup kooperatif markalarında daha fazla ürün seçeneği, reklam ve promosyon çalışması görmeyi beklemektedirler. Kooperatif markalı ürünlerin tüketiminde etkili olan faktörler: tüketicinin cinsiyeti, yaş, geliri, kırsal kökenli olması, ürünü bilme durumu, fiyat ve kalitesidir. Hem üreticiyi korumak hem de tüketiciyi korumak adına kooperatif markalı ürünleri teşvik edici ve destekleyici politikalar uygulanmalıdır.
Genetic variability of Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Virus-1,2,3,4 Infecting Vineyards in Tokat Province of Turkey
Authors: SARITAŞ Kübra , TOPKAYA Şerife
Published: December 2021

Grapevine leafroll disease (GLRD) is one of the most important viral diseases of grapevine worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevelance of Grapevine leafroll associated virus-1 (GLRaV-1), Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-2 (GLRaV-2), Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-3 (GLRaV-3), Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 4 (GLRaV-4), and Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-9 (GLRaV-9) in Tokat province of Turkey. In 2018, leaf samples and one-year-old shoots of plants, showing virus-like symptoms, were collected from different vineyards in Central, Erbaa, Niksar, and Pazar districts of Tokat province. Totally 197 samples were obtained and tested molecularly using two-step polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by using virus-specific primers for GLRaV-1, GLRaV-2, GLRaV-3, GLRaV-4) and GLRaV-9. At least 106 (53.80%) samples were found to be infected showed single or multiple infections. The 103 (52.28%) samples resulted in positive with GLRaV-1 while the infection rates were %5.18 for GLRaV-3 with 10 samples, %2.53 for GLRaV-4 with 5 samples, %1.03 for GLRaV-2 and GLRaV-9 with 2 samples, respectively. The amplified PCR products of GLRaV-1, GLRaV-2 and GLRaV-3 were sequenced, aligned with MEGAX, and analyzed in BLAST for multiple comparisons of other isolates in the GenBank. Sequence analysis of viruses showed 94-96 % , 96-99 % and, 99-100 % nucleotide identity with references isolates in the GenBank for GLRaV-1, GLRaV-2, and UO3-3 isolate of GLRaV-3 respectively.
Effects of Different Biological Fertilizers Formulated with Multiple Bacteria and Carriers in Pazar 20 Tea Clone on Leaf Enzyme Activity
Authors: ERTÜRK Yaşar , CAKMAKCI Ramazan , KUTLU Meral
Published: December 2021

This study was performed on 2-year-old seedlings of the Pazar-20 tea clone pots in 2014-2015. Twelve different bacterial isolates (Bacillus atrophaeusRC11, Bacillus megateriumRC07, Bacillus megaterium42/4, Bacillus megaterium21/3, Pseudomonas fluorescensRC77, Pseudomonas fluorescens 8/4, Pseudomonas fluorescens8/6, Pseudomonas fluorescens9/7, Bacillus subtilisRC63, Bacillus subtilis 39/3, Bacillus subtilis36/10, Bacillus subtilisRC521), which were isolated from acidic tea soils and characterized and all laboratory tests were performed. With biological fertilizers formed by triple combinations and 7 different carrier formulations (K-tea compost, T-peat, P-perlite, L-leonardite, Z-zeolite, V-vermiculite and S-liquid carrier formulation) on the enzyme activities (peroxidase-POD, Polyphenol oxidase-PPO, Urease, 5-Dehydroxyshikimate reductase, Alchol dehydrogenase-ADH, Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase-G6PD, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase-6PGD, Glutathione reductase-GR and Glutathione S-transferase-GST) of tea leaves were determined. All bacterial formulations used in the study positively affected the enzyme activities in the tea leaves at different rates compared to the control. This activity was found to be statistically significant. Additionally, it was determined that the efficiency of the carrier was important in both years (2014-2015) statistically, liquid formula and peat carriers had the highest effect.
Anaçların ‘Deveci’ Armudunun Verim Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Ahmet
Published: December 2021

Modern meyve yetiştiriciliğinde kullanılan anaçlar üzerlerine aşılanan çeşitlerin büyüme, verim ve meyve kalitesini farklı şekillerde etkilemektedir. Bu çalışma ile farklı anaçlar (Quince BA-29, Quince MC ve armut çöğürü) üzerine aşılı Deveci armut çeşidinin 2013-2016 yıllarına ait verim özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada verim özelliklerinden meyve ağırlığı (g), meyve sayısı (adet bitki-1), bitki başına verim (kg bitki-1), gövde kesit alanına verim (kg cm-2), taç hacmine verim (kg m-3) ve dekara verim (kg da-1) incelenmiştir. İncelenen verim özellikleri üzerine anaçların önemli etkilerinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca meyve ağırlığı hariç incelenen diğer özellikler bakımından araştırma yılları arasında da önemli farklılıkların olduğu saptanmıştır. Meyve verim özellikleri üzerine ayva klon anaçlarının etkisi armut çöğür anacına göre daha yüksek olmuştur. Araştırmada meyve ağırlığı (g), bitki başına verim (kg bitki-1) ve dekara verimin (kg da-1) BA-29 ayva klon anacında en yüksek, armut çöğür anacında ise en düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Gövde kesit alanına verim (kg cm-2) ve taç hacmine verimin (kg m-3) MC ayva klon anacı üzerine aşılı bitkilerde yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda incelenen anaçlarla ilgili araştırmanın daha uzun süre devam ettirilerek kıyaslanması tavsiye olunmaktadır.
Comparative Analysis of Artificial Intelligence and Nonlinear Models for Broiler Growth Curve
Authors: KÜÇÜKTOPCU Erdem , CEMEK Bilal
Published: December 2021

Numerous mathematical expressions for growth models have been developed, but each has its own characteristics and limitations. Therefore, this study has investigated whether artificial intelligence (AI) methods can be an alternative to these models. To this aim, four nonlinear (NL) models (logistic, Richards, Gompertz-Laird, and von Bertalanffy) and three AI techniques — artificial neural networks (ANN), integrated adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems with grid partitioning and subtractive clustering (ANFIS-GP and ANFIS-SC) — were used to analyze growth. Some statistical methods, including the mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) were used to evaluate the model performance. As a result of the study, it was determined that the ANFIS-SC model yielded a better fit with the broiler data due to its low MAE, RMSE, and MAPE values (7.68 g, 11.93 g, and 1.06%, respectively). The overall recommendation of this study is that the AI models could be used as an alternative to determine a broiler growth curve.
Effects of Professional Skepticism, Competency and Workload Compression on the Ability to Detect Possible Fraud among Government Auditors
Authors:   Faculty of Business and Humanities, Universitas Teknologi Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Solichin Mochammad , Mohd-Sanusi Zuraidah ,   Accounting Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia, Johari Razana Juhaida ,   Faculty of Accountancy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia, Gunarsih Tri ,   Faculty of Business and Humanities, Universitas Teknologi Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of professional scepticism, competence, and workload compression on an auditor's ability to detect potential fraud. This sample consisted of 149 government auditors from the Indonesian Local Government Inspectorate. Data was gathered through the use of a questionnaire and analysed using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. The findings revealed that internal attribution (professional scepticism and competency) have a significant impact on an auditor's ability to detect the possibility of fraud. Workload compression as an external attribution, did not have a meaningful influence on an auditor's ability to detect probable fraud. Workload reduction was also found to be ineffective in moderating the relationship between internal attribution and an auditor's ability to detect probable fraud. The findings can guide local governments in developing policies aimed at enhancing the role of government auditors in detecting fraud. Keywords: government auditors, professional skepticism, attribution, workload compression
Towards a Support System for Digital Mammogram Classification
Authors: Bajcsi A.
Published: December 2021

Cancer is the illness of the 21th century. With the development of technology some of these lesions became curable, if they are in an early stage. Researchers involved with image processing started to conduct experiments in the field of medical imaging, which contributed to the appearance of systems that can detect and/or diagnose illnesses in an early stage. This paper’s aim is to create a similar system to help the detection of breast cancer. First, the region of interest is defined using filtering and two methods, Seeded Region Growing and Sliding Window Algorithm, to remove the pectoral muscle. The region of interest is segmented using k-means and further used together with the original image. Gray-Level Run-Length Matrix features (in four direction) are extracted from the image pairs. To filter the important features from resulting set Principal Component Analysis and a genetic algorithm based feature selection is used. For classification K-Nearest Neighbor, Support Vector Machine and Decision Tree classifiers are experimented. To train and test the system images of Mammographic Image Analysis Society are used. The best performance is achieved features for directions {45◦ , 90◦ , 135◦ }, applying GA feature selection and DT classification (with a maximum depth of 30). This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the different combinations of the algorithms mentioned above, where the best performence repored is 100% and 59.2% to train and test accuracies respectively.
A Review and Analysis of The Existing Literature on Monochromatic Photography Colorization Using Deep Learning
Authors: Adăscăliței A.M.
Published: December 2021

It is universally known that, through the process of colorization, one aims at converting a monochrome image into one of color, usually because it was taken by the limited technology of previous decades. Our work introduces the problem, summarizes the general deep learning solutions, and discusses the experimental results obtained from open-source repositories. Although the surveyed methods can be applied to other fields, solely the content of photography is being considered. Our contribution stands in the analysis of colorization in photography by examining used datasets and methodologies for evaluation, data processing activities, and the infrastructure demanded by these systems. We curated some of the most promising papers, published between 2016 and 2021, and centered our observations around software reliability, and key advancements in solutions employing Generative Adversarial Networks and Neural Networ
Strategies for Student Evaluation in The Online Context
Authors: Avram S.-M.
Published: December 2021

In this paper we conducted an investigation on the performance of the students during the second semester of the academic year 2020-2021. We looked at the performance results obtained by students on the laboratory work, practical and final exams while we were forced by the Covid pandemic to move entirely into an online education system. Our focus was to determine the impact of a consistent behaviour (or lack of it) on the final student performance. We determined that, even in an online setting, a good involvement (in terms of attendance and good performance) guarantees good final results. The investigations were performed using the Formal Concept Analysis, which is a very powerful instrument already used by us in previous research in order to detect student behaviour in using an e-learning portal. Another set of results showed that the change of the final mark computation formula to be based in a higher proportion on the lab work was closer to the actual overall performance of students
Evaluación de la sustentabilidad de tres secuencias de doble cultivo en el partido de Tres Arroyos (Argentina) bajo diferentes condiciones de suelo y nivel tecnológico
Authors: Chamorro Adriana M. , Sarandón Santiago J.
Published: December 2021

El partido de Tres Arroyos registra un proceso de agriculturización, intensificación y especialización productiva en el cual la secuencia trigo/soja es la protagonista principal. La cebada y la colza son alternativas al trigo que podrían diversificar la producción. En este marco, es importante evaluar el efecto del reemplazo del trigo por estos cultivos sobre la sustentabilidad de los agroecosistemas, antes de su difusión. Adicionalmente, el ambiente y el modelo tecnológico condicionan la sustentabilidad, por lo que el objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar la sustentabilidad ecológica de las secuencias trigo/soja, colza/soja y cebada/soja bajo diferentes condiciones ambientales y tecnológicas a través del uso de indicadores de sustentabilidad. Los resultados muestran a colza/soja como la secuencia de menor sustentabilidad ecológica, asociada al uso poco eficiente del agua y la energía, y al impacto por el uso de plaguicidas. El menor conocimiento de este cultivo por los productores, el alto contenido energético de sus semillas y la menor producción de biomasa de la colza serían algunas de las causas. Trigo/soja y cebada/soja vieron limitada su sustentabilidad, en la tecnología media, por la baja producción de biomasa (y sus efectos sobre el uso del agua y la energía), y en los planteos de tecnología altos, por un alto uso de herbicidas totales. La mayor aplicación de tecnología aumentó los rendimientos, pero redujo la sustentabilidad en todos los casos, mientras que, en general, la sustentabilidad fue mayor en el ambiente de suelos más profundos. Se considera importante evaluar otras formas de producción que intenten minimizar los problemas asociados a la baja producción de biomasa, la escasa eficiencia en el uso del agua y al impacto por el uso de plaguicidas, reconocidos como puntos críticos a la sustentabilidad e incorporar la evaluación de la dimensión económica y sociocultural en un plazo mayor de tiempo.
Análisis de la sustentabilidad ecológica de distintas estrategias de manejo de malezas en el cultivo de lino oleaginoso (Linum usitatissimum L.) en Argentina
Authors: Sánchez Vallduví Griselda E. , Sarandón Santiago J.
Published: December 2021

El lino se cultiva generalmente bajo un enfoque productivista, altamente dependiente de insumos externos, modelo que ha causado importantes problemas ecológicos. Entre ellos están los asociados con las malezas cuyo control se realiza principalmente con herbicidas. Ante esta realidad es necesario incorporar estrategias de manejo de malezas que mejoren la sustentabilidad de los agroecosistemas. Se comparó la sustentabilidad ecológica del control de malezas con herbicida respecto al manejo con alta densidad de lino y/o su intercultivo con Trifolium pratense L. En este trabajo se ajustaron y aplicaron algunos indicadores como: diversidad vegetal, % de cobertura de suelo, residuo remanente, materia seca restituida al suelo, % de residuo remanente, uso de herbicida, balance de nitrógeno, eficiencia energética y biomasa vegetal. La metodología usada fue adecuada y fácil de aplicar al objetivo del trabajo. Se observó que el control de malezas en el lino con herbicida fue la práctica de menor aporte a la sustentabilidad, por lo cual si se continúa en el largo plazo con dicha práctica se verá comprometida la misma. Mientras que el intercultivo fue ecológicamente más sustentable que el monocultivo, con puntos más favorables para sustentabilidad sin uso de herbicida, independientemente de la densidad de lino. Esto ocurrió tanto por una mejor conservación de la capacidad productiva del agroecosistema como por ejercer un menor impacto sobre el ambiente externo al mismo. Del presente trabajo surge que existen alternativas al control con herbicidas para el manejo de malezas en lino como es el caso del intercultivo con trébol rojo.
Construcción de indicadores de biodiversidad funcional para estimar la presencia y actividad de murciélagos en agroecosistemas de la Pampa Ondulada
Authors: D’ Occhio Melisa , Lutz M. Ayelen , Sarandón Santiago J.
Published: December 2021

La pérdida de biodiversidad en la agricultura moderna ha traído como consecuencia el debilitamiento de los servicios ecosistémicos asociados y el aumento del uso de insumos químicos. La agroecología señala que es posible diseñar y manejar agroecosistemas sustentables que minimicen o eliminen el uso de insumos químicos. Uno de ellos es el control por enemigos naturales como, por ejemplo, a través de los murciélagos. Su presencia y actividad pueden tener un lugar importante en las estrategias en el fortalecimiento del Potencial de Regulación Biótica (PRB). El PRB puede definirse como la capacidad potencial de un agroecosistema para mantener reguladas las poblaciones de plagas a través de sus funciones ecológicas. En la provincia de Buenos Aires los murciélagos son exclusivamente insectívoros, y juegan un papel fundamental en áreas naturales como reguladores de las poblaciones de insectos. Evaluar la capacidad de un sistema para favorecer su presencia y actividad requiere del desarrollo de indicadores sencillos que puedan ser aplicados en fincas. Se construyeron indicadores basados en a) la estructura del sistema y b) el manejo de los productores; y se comprobó su utilidad en tres fincas ubicadas en la Pampa Ondulada (Buenos Aires). La diversidad y abundancia de los murciélagos capturados coincidieron con los valores de los indicadores, señalando que estos últimos resultan ser buenos estimadores de las condiciones necesarias para su presencia y actividad. Esto permite desarrollar estrategias de manejo que favorezcan a los murciélagos como controladores biológicos.
Monstros nas fronteiras da cultura: das alteridades impensáveis
Authors: Soares Elizangela  Aparecida
Published: December 2021

Este artigo discute aspectos da concepção sobre “raças monstruosas” que, no imaginário antigo e medieval, habitavam as bordas do mundo conhecido. Com isso, espera-se explicitar um tipo de construção do “outro” – sua identidade e representação –, via imaginário do monstro, isto é, a forma literal na qual estranhas criaturas incorporam a diferença/alteridade. Parte-se da premissa de que monstros operam primariamente em formas de imaginário que são mobilizadas por estratégias de representação. Dito de outra maneira, a corporeidade anormal e híbrida dos monstros inventados tem consequências reais para a percepção (horror e fascínio, rejeição e reconhecimento) nas relações eu-outro que se concretizam no mundo tangível. Desse modo, a conjugação entre fisicalidade, expressões de identidade e manutenção de fronteiras determina, entre outros comportamentos, visões pré-concebidas e distorcidas do outro e sua cultura, assim como cria certos estereótipos que são perpetuados pela cristalização do que uma vez fora apenas uma manifestação do imaginário.
Analysis of familial cases of primary immunodeficiency in the context of genetic counseling
Authors: Kuzmenko N. B. , Mukhina A. A. , Rodina Yu. A. , Kozlova A. L. , Deripapa E. V. , Viktorova E. A. , Yukhacheva D. V. , Raykina E. V. , Pershin D. E. , Shcherbina A. Yu.
Published: December 2021

Primary immunodeficiencies (PID) are caused by defects in genes of immune system. The mutations may occur de novo or can be inherited. The frequency of familial PID cases varies in different populations and depends on multiple factors. The aim of this study was to analyze familial PID cases among pediatric patients from NMRCPHOI D. Rogachev. The study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee and the Scientific Council of the D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI. 1075 children from 1020 families with molecular PID diagnosis were analyzed retrospectively. One hundred and forty-six children had at least one relative with the same disorder; mutations were identified in 31 PID’s genes. The frequency of familial cases was 13.6%. The proportion of families with two or more affected children was 5.4%. Patients born in a consanguineous marriage made up 3% of the observed children. Autosomal dominant PID were typical for families with affected adult relatives. Because of the high amount of familial cases, all parents of children with PID as well as adult PID patients of childbearing age should seek a familial genetic counselling immediately after the corresponding diagnosis. Patients whose PID diagnosis has not been genetically verified, should be urgently tested to find an underlying molecular genetic cause of the disease. Prenatal/preimplantation diagnostic and screening of their close relatives are very important in these families.
Giant cell angioblastoma
Authors: Khachatryan L. A. , Kletskaya I. S. , Tereshchenko G. A.
Published: December 2021

Giant cell angioblastoma is an extremely rare tumor of vascular origin, described at the end of the 20th century. It belongs to tumors with intermediate malignant potential and is characterized by locally infiltrative growth. The tumor doesn’t have any clear distinctive clinical characteristics. The diagnosis is established on the basis of histological examination. Two main treatment options for this pathology are discussed in the literature: radical removal of the tumor and therapy with low doses of interferon alpha. As a rule, this is a combination treatment. This article describes our own clinical case. The patient’s parents gave their consent to the use of their child’s data, including photographs, for research purposes and in publications. Interest is in the rarity of the disease and the features of the clinical characteristics of this case, specifically the extremely unfavorable localization in the oropharynx region and, accordingly, the impossibility of carrying out not only a radical removal of the tumor, but also its resection. The high probability of developing irreversible neurological complications in this age group associated with interferon alpha therapy questioned the possibility of its use. For the first time in this histological variant of a vascular tumor, chemotherapy was applied, including metronomic therapy with cyclophosphamide and vinblastine in combination with a liposomal form of doxorubicin. After 8 courses of chemotherapy, a complete clinical response was obtained with the restoration of the patency of the respiratory and digestive tracts. The observation period at the time writing of this article was 36 months.
A case report of atypical malignant melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy
Authors: Lopatin A. V. , Kugushev A. Yu. , Grachev N. S. , Yasonov S. A. , Ponomareva N. I. , Rogozhin D. V. , Pshonkin A. V.
Published: December 2021

Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy is a rare neoplasm that predominantly involves cranial bones and tends to occur during the first year of life. About 500 cases have been described in the literature to date; 6% of them have been reported to be malignant. Treatment for these malignant tumors was not documented and often turned out to be ineffective.Here we report a case of a child aged 2 years and 4 months who presented with a rapidly growing mass in the maxillary region spreading through the orbit into the anterior cranial fossa. The patient’s parents gave consent to the use of their child’s data, including photographs, for research purposes and in publications. He was treated at the Russian Children’s Clinical Hospital from July 2018 to November 2019. The child underwent chemoradiation and staged surgical removal of the tumor. Treatment with ICE and radiation therapy led to a significant reduction of the tumor volume and enabled us to perform cytoreductive surgery with the removal of the mass in the maxilla. Further treatment according to the CWS 2009 guidance for high-risk patients with NRSTS (NonRhabdomyosarcoma Soft Tissue Sarcoma) and radiation therapy resulted in further regression of intraorbital and intracranial components of the tumor and we performed a radical resection of the residual tumor conglomerate. Investigations during the course of treatment revealed no signs of metastatic involvement. The behavior of malignant melanotic neuroectodermal tumors of infancy is unpredictable, that is why in case of the massive involvement of the facial bones when surgery is associated with a high risk of functional impairment or cosmetic deformity, one should consider preoperative chemotherapy to reduce tumor size and intraoperative blood loss. Moreover, chemotherapy in combination with resection makes it possible to minimize the risk of local relapse or metastasis.
Russian recombinant coagulation factors: the technological background and the results of clinical studies
Authors: Volkova S. A. , Kudlay D. A. , Bogomolova M. D. , Sirotkin E. A. , Sorokina Yu. A.
Published: December 2021

The prolongation of survival and the improvement of quality of life in patients with hemophilia A and B are only possible if hemostatic disorders caused by coagulation factor VIII and IX deficiency are managed effectively. Recombinant coagulation factors are playing an ever-increasing role in the preventive care of affected patients. The development, production and use of domestic recombinant coagulation factors opened up new treatment opportunities and improved access to preventive care for hemophilia patients. The results of clinical studies on the efficacy and safety of the Russian recombinant factors showed that they had similar efficacy and safety compared to the plasma derived clotting factors.
Long-term outcome and surrogate molecular signatures of pediatric patients with diffuse astrocytomas
Authors: Mikhaleuskaya T. M. , Kapuza D. R. , Konoplya N. E. , Bydanov O. I. , Aleinikova O. V.
Published: December 2021

Diffuse astrocytomas is the major cause of mortality in pediatric neurooncology. Pediatric diffuse astrocytomas are clinically and biologically heterogeneous, they consist of distinct subtypes driven by various molecular events. Our aim was to reveal if the surrogate molecular signatures reflecting molecular alterations underlying diffuse astrocytomas could be of prognostic value. The surrogate molecular signature was determined by IHC with antibodies to IDH1R132H, p53, BRAF V600E, H3K27trimethylated, ATRX and by cytogenetics with identification of deletion CDKN2A and FGFR2 fusion. As a result, we obtained 6 groups of diffuse astrocytomas with different surrogate molecular signatures, which we designated as H3K27mut, ALT, IDH1mut, BRAFmut-PXA, BRAF mut/FGFR2, MYB. A total of 62 patients (29 male, 33 female, mean age 10,6 years, range 0–18 years) were analyzed. The study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee and the Scientific Council of the Belarusian Research Center for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology (Republic of Belarus). These surrogate molecular signatures were associated with significantly different outcomes, i.e. BRAFmut/FGFR2, MYB groups show a significantly good prognosis with 100% overall survival and relapse-free survival of 89 ± 11% and 100%. Groups H3K27mut, ALT, IDH1mut, BRAFmut-PXA display extremely poor outcomes with EFS equal to 0%, 20 ± 17%, 44 ± 17%, 18 ± 12% respectively, and OS equal to 23 ± 19%, 37 ± 20%, 40 ± 17%, 53 ± 19% respectively. The recognition of subtypes of pediatric diffuse astrocytomas based on surrogate molecular signature revealed close correlations with biological parameters and clinical outcomes and may therefore, be predictive of response to standard treatment protocols.
Why the term "professional language" can confuse the reader?
Authors: Cirko Lesław
Published: December 2021

The article warns readers interested in the specialised communication against an uncritical adoption of the term professional language, which is often used in the extensive literature on the subject without care for terminological precision. The lack of awareness of the meaning of the term professional language leads to negative consequences in linguistic argumentation, such as the neglect of the current state of research in general linguistics, the contamination of the scientific term by its naive understanding in everyday communication between laypersons, or the identification of language and its use, which is a serious methodological deficiency. The reader of the specialised literature might therefore, without sufficient linguistic knowledge, mistakenly take the contents presented in the reading as self-evident and corresponding to the current state of knowledge. In the first part of the article, the aforementioned sources of interpretative dangers in reading are pointed out, using the history of research as an example. Subsequently, the reader is offered some constant points of reference fur further interpretation, which allow to recognise a stylistic-functional variety of ethnic language in the concept of professional language, including phenomena that go beyond the reduction of professional language to mere terminology. The author also pointed out the forms of acquisition and existence of the so-called professional languages, as well as the distributional features that distinguish them from other functional-stylistic varieties of the ethnic language. In conclusion, their peculiarity was highlighted, arising from the need for precise naming of phenomena and processes in the field of human activity, which is concluded by the specificity of the field; from the fact that people in the said field communicate at the expert level, and the related need for such a selection of linguistic means from the ethnic language in which communication takes place that its users communicate efficiently in the field of professional communication. The knowledge of these conditions will enable the reader to approach the relationship between language and the so-called professional language with greater understanding.
Effects of grafting on some phytochemical traits and elemental composition in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)
Authors: Savsatli Yusuf , Karatas Arzu
Published: December 2021

Grafting method in vegetables has been used in common due to positive effects in agriculture. In this context, it is focused that the studies aimed at increasing yield and quality through grafting. This research was carried out to determine the effects of grafting bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) onto pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima). Effects of grafting on extract yield, dry matter ratio, ash, and macro and micro elemental content of the fruits and leaves of bitter gourd were determined in greenhouse conditions. Grafting significantly increased the dry matter ratio and extract yield in the bitter gourd fruits and the ash content in young, mature and old leaves. In the fruits, a positive correlation (R = 0.9264) was found only between extract yield and dry matter ratio. The main important effect of grafting in terms of macro and micro elements appeared on the fruits of bitter gourd. The accumulation of Ca2+ in the leaves increased during maturation. The positive effect of grafting in terms of Ca2+ increase in fruits was higher in unripe fruits compared to ripe fruits. In addition to obtaining more extracts from the fruits bitter gourd, the enrichment of its fruits in terms of Ca2+ and K+ and its leaves in terms of Ca2+ increases the importance of these parts in terms of human nutrition.
Hydrological modeling of rainfall-runoff of the semi-arid Aguibat Ezziar watershed through the GR4J model
Authors: Oueldkaddour Fatima-Zehrae Elhallaoui , Wariaghli Fatima , Brirhet Hassane , Yahyaoui Ahmed
Published: December 2021

The management of water resources requires as a first step the modeling of rainfall-runoff. It allows simulating the hydrological behavior of the basin for a good evaluation of the potentiality of this in terms of water production. There are different hydrological models used for water resource assessment, but conceptual models are still the most used due to their simple structure and satisfactory performance. In this study, t he performances of the conceptual model of rainfall and runoff (GR4J) modeled under R with the AirGR package, are used to Aguibat Ezziar the subbasin of the Bouregreg basin in Morocco. The enormous amount of data required and the uncertainty of some of the m makes these models of limited usefulness. The GR4J model allows evaluation of the runoff rates and describes the hydrological behavior of the Aguibat Ezziar watershed, which presents the aim behind writing this paper. A period from 2003 to 2017 has been selected. This period has been divided into two parts: one for calibration (2003-2006), and one for validation (2013-2016). After the calibration of the model and following the performance obtained (Nash higher than 0.72) we can say that the GR4J model behaves well in the Aguibat Ezziar catchment area.
Kinship Relation of Malvaceae Species Based on Morphological Characteristics
Authors: Agustina Marisa , Djufri Djufri , Nurmaliah Cut
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to determine the kinship relationship of Malvaceae species based on morphological characteristics, this study uses a descriptive method that interprets the kinship of the species Malvaceae based on morphological characteristics. The object of the research is the species of Malvaceae namely hibiscus (Hibiscus archeri), waru (Hibiscus tiliaceus), rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa), pulutan (Urena lobata L.), ocra (Abelmoschus esculentus), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), sidaguri (Sida rhombifolia L.), kembang tidur (Malvaviscus penduliflorus), lanterns (Abutilon pictum). The parameters used are stem organs, leaves, and flowers. Data analysis was performed by calculating the Similarity Index (IS) and Dissimilarity Index (ID), the data in Cluster Analysis to group Malvaceae species based on the same number of characters. The results of the research show that the closest kinship relation owned by a combination of plants that has the lowest Dissimilarity Index (ID) value in the species of hibiscus (Hibiscus archeri) and kembang tidur (Malvaviscus penduliflorus). The conclusion of this study is there are three categories of relationships of the Malvaceae species, which are the closest kinship relation, close kinship relation, and the kinship relation are not close. The kinship relationship is remarkably close to the lowest Dissimilarity (ID) Index value indicated by the combination of hibiscus (Hibiscus archeri) and kembang tidur (Malvaviscus penduliflorus) with ID value = 25.
Penggunaan Penskor Jawaban Esai Otomatis dalam Pengukuran Pengetahuan Guru
Authors: Permana* Raden Ahmad Hadian Adhy , Widodo Ari , Setiawan Wawan , Sriyati Siti
Published: December 2021

Measuring the ability of teachers is part of the evaluation in the national education system. The development of the instrument in the form of essay questions has become an alternative because the instrument is considered to have better authenticity than the form of multiple choice questions. The implications of using the essay instrument were scored consistency and efficient resources. The purpose of this study was to examine the inter-rater reliability between the automated essay scoring system and human raters in measuring teachers’ knowledge using the essay instrument. The research was conducted randomly with 200 junior high school science teachers. The quantitative method design was applied to investigate the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Pearson's correlation (r) as indicators of the ability of automated essay scoring (UKARA) that had been used. The main data in this study were test answers from participants in the form of limited essay answers that have been distributed online. The inter-rater reliability coefficient between the UKARA and the human rater in this study was in the high category (more than 0.7) for all items or means that the score given by UKARA has a strong correlation with the score given by human rater. These results mean that UKARA has adequate capability as an automated essay scoring system on the measurement of science teacher knowledge.
The Potential of Clitoria ternatea L. Extracts as an Alternative Indicator in Acid-Base Titration
Authors: Fitri* Camalin Bela Sukmaning , Fikroh Retno Aliyatul
Published: December 2021

Experiments are an important part of the chemistry curriculum. An indicator in the form of a synthesis indicator is commonly used in acid-base materials experiments. The usage of synthetic indicators can result in waste that is both environmentally harmful and costly. The butterfly pea flower is one of the plants that contains anthocyanins, which have the potential to be used as an alternative indication of natural acids and bases. The study aims to determine the acid and base material curriculum and competency indicators, as well as the potential of butterfly pea flower extract as a substitute for synthesis indicators and the practicality of butterfly pea flower extract as a chemical experimental design in SMA/MA. This study employs a descriptive qualitative research method that includes literature review, observation, experimentation, and interviewing. The results showed that the relationship between acid-base materials and experiments was the determination of natural materials as acid-base indicators, the pH of the solution, the identification of acid-base properties, and acid-base titration. The butterfly pea flower indicator was produced from maceration extraction using 96% ethanol as the solvent. The butterfly pea flower indicator gives pink color at pH 1-2, reddish purple at pH 3, light purple at pH 4-5, turquoise at pH 6, bluish green at pH 7, light blue at pH 8-9, green at pH 10, yellowish green at pH 11, greenish yellow at pH 12-13, and yellow at pH 14. The titration step showed that butterfly pea flower indicators could replace synthetic indicators, namely phenolphthalein and methyl orange. Based on the analysis, the butterfly pea flower indicator can be used as an alternative indicator in acid base titration and an alternative experimental design in schools.
Понятие «беженец» в законодательстве Российской Федерации и странах Западной Европы: необходимость универсализации правовой дефиниции
Authors: Денисов В. В.
Published: December 2021

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Арбитражное соглашение и компетенция международного коммерческого арбитража
Authors: Сергеева М. В.
Published: December 2021

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К вопросу о теории международного частного права
Authors: Ануфриева Л. П.
Published: December 2021

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Конституция ЮАР 1996 года и права человека и гражданина
Authors: Ильин А. И.
Published: December 2021

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Особенности суверенитета Норвегии над Шпицбергеном по Парижскому договору 1920 года
Authors: Орешенков А. М.
Published: December 2021

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Проблемы ответственности провайдеров за распространение экстремистских материалов в эпоху трансграничных информационно-телекоммуникационных сетей и технологий
Authors: Робинов А. А.
Published: December 2021

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Ниццский договор и реформа судебной системы Европейских Сообществ
Authors: Кривова М. В.
Published: December 2021

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Предварительное заключение в свете международных стандартов
Authors: Ибрагимов А. М.
Published: December 2021

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Год 1941 - год мужества
Authors: Красов С. И.
Published: December 2021

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И снова к вопросам кодификации норм права международной ответственности в свете последних заседаний Комиссии международного права ООН
Authors: Замятин В.
Published: December 2021

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Международный договор и третьи международные организации
Authors: Лукашук И. И.
Published: December 2021

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Международно-правовая характеристика формирующейся в Центральной Азии зоны, свободной от ядерного оружия (ЦАЗСЯО)
Authors: Неклесса Г. Г.
Published: December 2021

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Оговорки к международным договорам о правах человека на примере Конвенции о правах ребенка
Authors: Титова Т. А.
Published: December 2021

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Удастся ли США изменить систему международной безопасности?
Authors: Хлестов О. Н.
Published: December 2021

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К вопросу о «негосударственных участниках» механизма разрешения споров в рамках Всемирной торговой организации
Authors: Федорова М. П.
Published: December 2021

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