bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Green Accommodation Management Practices: The Role of Environmentally Responsible Tourist Markets in Understanding Tourists’ Pro-Environmental Behaviour
Authors: Kim Aise , Kim Ki Pyung , Nguyen Tan Hai Dang
Published: February 2021

The green accommodation sectors are increasingly committed to implementing environmental management practices while enhancing guests’ pro-environmental behaviour. However, it is not easy to change tourists’ behaviour as there are many factors influencing tourists’ participation in green management actions. This paper argues that a combination of multiple factors such as visitor characteristics or previous environmental experience needs to be examined to determine how these factors are differently associated with the type of pro-environmental behaviour. In particular, this study also investigates how environmentally responsible tourist markets can engage differently in different types of pro-environmental behaviour. Visitors staying at the green accommodation in Kangaroo Island, South Australia, were studied using self-administered questionnaires. The findings of this study confirmed the significant role of environmentally responsible travel experience as a strong predictor of two types of pro-environmental behaviour (e.g., energy-saving and recycling vs. eco-product consumption behaviour) and its moderating effects on the relationship between visitor characteristics and pro-environmental behaviours (PEBs). Furthermore, this environmental-responsibility-based segmentation approach provides green-oriented accommodation sectors with some managerial implications for improving green accommodation practices that can be operated on different principles for two different targeted markets based on their environmental responsibility. This study recommends that more in-depth investigations of other barriers or facilitators of pro-environmental behaviour are necessary to fully address this issue and to ultimately influence tourists’ responsible support for environmental management practices implemented by the green accommodation sector.
Cardiac Autonomic Effects of Yearly Athletic Retreats on Elite Basket Players: Usefulness of a Unitary Autonomic Nervous System Indicator
Authors: Lucini Daniela , Galiuto Leonarda , Malacarne Mara , Meucci Maria Chiara , Pagani Massimo
Published: February 2021

In most sports athletic performance is determined by a combination of hard and soft modifiable components, encompassing physical and psychological elements that can be assessed with modern techniques based respectively on simple friendly methods: analysis of HRV and questionnaires. Specifically a novel % rank Autonomic Nervous System Indicator (ANSI) seems particularly useful also in elite sports. In this investigation we assessed ANSI capacity to detect the expected changes in cardiac autonomic regulation induced in the Italian basketball team by the participation (18 subjects) to the yearly biweekly Alpine training summer camp. We observed that ANSI increased from 58.8 ± 32.5 to 81.7 ± 27.5 (at the end of training camp) and did not change further in the subsequent initial weeks of competition season (overall p < 0.001). Congruent changes were observed in non-linear indices. Concomitantly indices of somatic symptoms were slightly reduced just at the end of the alpine training. We conclude that analysis of HRV and questionnaires might offer a simple, useful technique to monitor changes in cardiac autonomic regulation and psychological state in elite athletes providing a convenient additional element to evaluation of training routines also in the fields.
Becoming a Traditional Village: Heritage Protection and Livelihood Transformation of a Chinese Village
Authors: Qin Rui Jun , Leung Ho Hon
Published: February 2021

This paper seeks to explore the sustainable development of contemporary Chinese villages by taking Nalu Village in China as a case study. Ethnographic in-depth interviews and observations are used to investigate the transformation of the rich history and heritage in the village. The research and analyses are informed by a multi-dimensional framework of sustainable development. The research finds that the state’s naming the village as a “Chinese Traditional Village” has promoted local rural tourism, which plays an important role in improving the visibility of the village, increases the income of the villagers, and enhances a stronger sense of attachment and satisfaction of the villagers. The pride of the villagers in turn makes them cherish the history of their village. This paper argues that this pride becomes the capital or incentive for the villagers to sustain its continuity.
A Reduction of Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Based Faster-Than-Nyquist Quadrature Signals for Satellite Communication
Authors: Makarov Sergey B. , Liu Mingxin , Ovsyannikova Anna S. , Zavjalov Sergey V. , Lavrenyuk ILya , Xue Wei , Xu Yidong
Published: February 2021

The increase in the throughput of digital television and radio broadcasting (DVB) channels can be achieved due to application of signals with a compact spectrum and a relatively small peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). The reason is the usage of traveling wave tubes (TWT) for amplifying and transmitting signals from a satellite repeater in DVB-S2X systems. At the same time, given that the bandwidth allocated for transmission should be used as efficiently as possible, a high reduction rate of out-of-band emissions level is required. The most effective solution in this direction is the transition to spectrum-economic signals, such as optimal Faster-Than-Nyquist (FTN) signals, which can provide a certain reduction rate of the out-of-band emissions level and minimum acceptable PAPR. This article proposes a method for obtaining optimal FTN pulses, which have symmetry in time domain, with specified PAPR and reduction rate of out-of-band emissions for the quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) and offset quadrature phase shift keying (OQPSK). The possibility of synthesizing signals with OQPSK modulation is presented theoretically for the first time. Optimal FTN signals can provide PAPR reduction by at most 3 dB and outperform known root raised cosine (RRC) pulses. The simulation model adopts an architecture for quadrature generation of optimal FTN signals with OQPSK modulation with blocks for adjustable pre-amplification, clipping, and power amplification. The proposed signals can be used to increase the spectral and energy efficiencies of satellite broadcasting systems, such as DVB-S2/S2X, as well as low-rate return channels of interactive broadcasting systems with a frequency resource shortage.
Supersymmetric Partners of the One-Dimensional Infinite Square Well Hamiltonian
Authors: Gadella Manuel , Hernández-Muñoz José , Nieto Luis Miguel , San Millán Carlos
Published: February 2021

We find supersymmetric partners of a family of self-adjoint operators which are self-adjoint extensions of the differential operator −d2/dx2 on L2[−a,a], a>0, that is, the one dimensional infinite square well. First of all, we classify these self-adjoint extensions in terms of several choices of the parameters determining each of the extensions. There are essentially two big groups of extensions. In one, the ground state has strictly positive energy. On the other, either the ground state has zero or negative energy. In the present paper, we show that each of the extensions belonging to the first group (energy of ground state strictly positive) has an infinite sequence of supersymmetric partners, such that the ℓ-th order partner differs in one energy level from both the (ℓ−1)-th and the (ℓ+1)-th order partners. In general, the eigenvalues for each of the self-adjoint extensions of −d2/dx2 come from a transcendental equation and are all infinite. For the case under our study, we determine the eigenvalues, which are also infinite, all the extensions have a purely discrete spectrum, and their respective eigenfunctions for all of its ℓ-th supersymmetric partners of each extension.
First Description of a Temperate Bacteriophage (vB_FhiM_KIRK) of Francisella hispaniensis Strain 3523
Authors: Köppen Kristin , Prensa Grisna I. , Rydzewski Kerstin , Tlapák Hana , Holland Gudrun , Heuner Klaus
Published: February 2021

Here we present the characterization of a Francisella bacteriophage (vB_FhiM_KIRK) including the morphology, the genome sequence and the induction of the prophage. The prophage sequence (FhaGI-1) has previously been identified in F. hispaniensis strain 3523. UV radiation induced the prophage to assemble phage particles consisting of an icosahedral head (~52 nm in diameter), a tail of up to 97 nm in length and a mean width of 9 nm. The double stranded genome of vB_FhiM_KIRK contains 51 open reading frames and is 34,259 bp in length. The genotypic and phylogenetic analysis indicated that this phage seems to belong to the Myoviridae family of bacteriophages. Under the conditions tested here, host cell (Francisella hispaniensis 3523) lysis activity of KIRK was very low, and the phage particles seem to be defective for infecting new bacterial cells. Nevertheless, recombinant KIRK DNA was able to integrate site-specifically into the genome of different Francisella species after DNA transformation.
Characterization of the GBoV1 Capsid and Its Antibody Interactions
Authors: Yu Jennifer Chun , Mietzsch Mario , Singh Amriti , Jimenez Ybargollin Alberto , Kailasan Shweta , Chipman Paul , Bhattacharya Nilakshee , Fakhiri Julia , Grimm Dirk , Kapoor Amit , Kučinskaitė-Kodzė Indrė , Žvirblienė Aurelija , Söderlund-Venermo Maria , McKenna Robert , Agbandje-McKenna Mavis
Published: February 2021

Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) has gained attention as a gene delivery vector with its ability to infect polarized human airway epithelia and 5.5 kb genome packaging capacity. Gorilla bocavirus 1 (GBoV1) VP3 shares 86% amino acid sequence identity with HBoV1 but has better transduction efficiency in several human cell types. Here, we report the capsid structure of GBoV1 determined to 2.76 Å resolution using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and its interaction with mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and human sera. GBoV1 shares capsid surface morphologies with other parvoviruses, with a channel at the 5-fold symmetry axis, protrusions surrounding the 3-fold axis and a depression at the 2-fold axis. A 2/5-fold wall separates the 2-fold and 5-fold axes. Compared to HBoV1, differences are localized to the 3-fold protrusions. Consistently, native dot immunoblots and cryo-EM showed cross-reactivity and binding, respectively, by a 5-fold targeted HBoV1 mAb, 15C6. Surprisingly, recognition was observed for one out of three 3-fold targeted mAbs, 12C1, indicating some structural similarity at this region. In addition, GBoV1, tested against 40 human sera, showed the similar rates of seropositivity as HBoV1. Immunogenic reactivity against parvoviral vectors is a significant barrier to efficient gene delivery. This study is a step towards optimizing bocaparvovirus vectors with antibody escape properties.
Single-Molecule FRET Imaging of Virus Spike–Host Interactions
Authors: Lu Maolin
Published: February 2021

As a major surface glycoprotein of enveloped viruses, the virus spike protein is a primary target for vaccines and anti-viral treatments. Current vaccines aiming at controlling the COVID-19 pandemic are mostly directed against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. To promote virus entry and facilitate immune evasion, spikes must be dynamic. Interactions with host receptors and coreceptors trigger a cascade of conformational changes/structural rearrangements in spikes, which bring virus and host membranes in proximity for membrane fusion required for virus entry. Spike-mediated viral membrane fusion is a dynamic, multi-step process, and understanding the structure–function-dynamics paradigm of virus spikes is essential to elucidate viral membrane fusion, with the ultimate goal of interventions. However, our understanding of this process primarily relies on individual structural snapshots of endpoints. How these endpoints are connected in a time-resolved manner, and the order and frequency of conformational events underlying virus entry, remain largely elusive. Single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) has provided a powerful platform to connect structure–function in motion, revealing dynamic aspects of spikes for several viruses: SARS-CoV-2, HIV-1, influenza, and Ebola. This review focuses on how smFRET imaging has advanced our understanding of virus spikes’ dynamic nature, receptor-binding events, and mechanism of antibody neutralization, thereby informing therapeutic interventions.
Protection against Different Genotypes of Newcastle Disease Viruses (NDV) Afforded by an Adenovirus-Vectored Fusion Protein and Live NDV Vaccines in Chickens
Authors: Ferreira Helena L. , Miller Patti J. , Suarez David L.
Published: February 2021

The efficacy of an adenovirus-vectored Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine expressing the fusion (F) NDV protein (adeno-F) was evaluated against challenges with virulent heterologous and homologous NDV strains to the F protein. In a preliminary study, two different doses (low and high) of adeno-F were tested against a virulent NDV strain containing the homologous NDV F protein, CA02. In a second study, at three weeks post-vaccination, the efficacy of the high dose of adeno-F was compared to a live attenuated NDV vaccine strain (LaSota) against three antigenically distinct virulent NDV challenge strains, one homologous (CA02) and two heterologous (TZ12, EG14) to F in the vectored vaccine. In both experiments, clinical signs, mortality, virus shedding, and humoral response were evaluated. In the first experiment, the survival rates from birds vaccinated with adeno-F at a high and low dose were 100% and 25%, respectively. In the second experiment, birds vaccinated with the high dose of adeno-F had a survival rate of 80%, 75%, and 65% after challenge with the CA02, TZ12, and EG14 viruses, respectively. All of the LaSota-vaccinated birds survived post-challenge no matter the NDV challenge strain. High antibody titers were detected after vaccination with LaSota by HI and ELISA tests. The majority of adeno-F-vaccinated birds had detectable antibodies using the ELISA test, but not using the HI test, before the challenge. The data show that both the similarity of the F protein of the adeno-F vaccine to the challenge virus and the adeno-F vaccination dose affect the efficacy of an adenovirus-vectored NDV vaccine against a virulent NDV challenge.
Insights into Leishmania Molecules and Their Potential Contribution to the Virulence of the Parasite
Authors: Elmahallawy Ehab Kotb , Alkhaldi Abdulsalam A. M.
Published: February 2021

Neglected parasitic diseases affect millions of people worldwide, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Among other parasitic diseases, leishmaniasis remains an important public health problem caused by the protozoa of the genus Leishmania, transmitted by the bite of the female sand fly. The disease has also been linked to tropical and subtropical regions, in addition to being an endemic disease in many areas around the world, including the Mediterranean basin and South America. Although recent years have witnessed marked advances in Leishmania-related research in various directions, many issues have yet to be elucidated. The intention of the present review is to give an overview of the major virulence factors contributing to the pathogenicity of the parasite. We aimed to provide a concise picture of the factors influencing the reaction of the parasite in its host that might help to develop novel chemotherapeutic and vaccine strategies.
Prospects in Cadmium-Contaminated Water Management Using Free-Living Cyanobacteria (Oscillatoria sp.)
Authors: Bon Iván Carralero , Salvatierra Lucas M. , Lario Luciana D. , Morató Jordi , Pérez Leonardo M.
Published: February 2021

In this study, the removal of cadmium (Cd) by free-living Oscillatoria sp. was studied. Our results showed that maximal Cd removal efficiency (~60%) by the cyanobacterial culture was achieved within 12–24 h in the presence of 5.0 or 25.0 mg/L of Cd. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon were explored by elemental analysis and FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. It was found that metal adsorption by negatively charged functional groups in the cyanobacterial biomass was the main mechanism used by Oscillatoria sp. to remove metal from the aqueous medium, followed by Cd bioaccumulation into living cells. Additionally, Cd-exposed microalgae showed increased oxidative stress (MDA formation), a decreased dehydrogenase activity, a higher amount of soluble carbohydrates and a decreased total carotenoid concentration, as compared to the control cells. These results suggest that Oscillatoria sp. improved its antioxidative defense system under stressful conditions, through carotenoid-mediated ROS quenching and induction of carbohydrate catabolism, in order to counteract the oxidative damage and preserve the photosynthetic machinery and cellular energetics. In fact, no significant reduction in Oscillatoria sp. cell density, total protein amount, and chlorophyll a content was observed after 24-h Cd exposure, even at the highest metal concentration tested (i.e., 25.0 mg/L). Hence, the presented results are the first to describe some new insights about the metabolic and physiological behavior of living Oscillatoria sp. during Cd remediation, and open up the possibility of finding an equilibrium that maximizes metal removal performance with an active cyanobacterial metabolism, to achieve a rewarding and sustainable management of industrial metal-polluted wastewater.
Salt Marsh Hydrogeology: A Review
Authors: Guimond Julia , Tamborski Joseph
Published: February 2021

Groundwater–surface water exchange in salt marsh ecosystems mediates nearshore salt, nutrient, and carbon budgets with implications for biological productivity and global climate. Despite their importance, a synthesis of salt marsh groundwater studies is lacking. In this review, we summarize drivers mediating salt marsh hydrogeology, review field and modeling techniques, and discuss patterns of exchange. New data from a Delaware seepage meter study are reported which highlight small-scale spatial variability in exchange rates. A synthesis of the salt marsh hydrogeology literature reveals a positive relationship between tidal range and submarine groundwater discharge but not porewater exchange, highlighting the multidimensional drivers of marsh hydrogeology. Field studies are heavily biased towards microtidal systems of the US East Coast, with little global information available. A preliminary estimate of marsh porewater exchange along the Mid-Atlantic and South Atlantic Bights is 8–30 × 1013 L y−1, equivalent to recirculating the entire volume of seawater overlying the shelf through tidal marsh sediments in ~30–90 years. This review concludes with a discussion of critical questions to address that will decrease uncertainty in global budget estimates and enhance our capacity to predict future responses to global climate change.
Quantifying Uncertainty in Exposure to Coastal Hazards Associated with Both Climate Change and Adaptation Strategies: A U.S. Pacific Northwest Alternative Coastal Futures Analysis
Authors: Mills Alexis K. , Ruggiero Peter , Bolte John P. , Serafin Katherine A. , Lipiec Eva
Published: February 2021

Coastal communities face heightened risk to coastal flooding and erosion hazards due to sea-level rise, changing storminess patterns, and evolving human development pressures. Incorporating uncertainty associated with both climate change and the range of possible adaptation measures is essential for projecting the evolving exposure to coastal flooding and erosion, as well as associated community vulnerability through time. A spatially explicit agent-based modeling platform, that provides a scenario-based framework for examining interactions between human and natural systems across a landscape, was used in Tillamook County, OR (USA) to explore strategies that may reduce exposure to coastal hazards within the context of climate change. Probabilistic simulations of extreme water levels were used to assess the impacts of variable projections of sea-level rise and storminess both as individual climate drivers and under a range of integrated climate change scenarios through the end of the century. Additionally, policy drivers, modeled both as individual management decisions and as policies integrated within adaptation scenarios, captured variability in possible human response to increased hazards risk. The relative contribution of variability and uncertainty from both climate change and policy decisions was quantified using three stakeholder relevant landscape performance metrics related to flooding, erosion, and recreational beach accessibility. In general, policy decisions introduced greater variability and uncertainty to the impacts of coastal hazards than climate change uncertainty. Quantifying uncertainty across a suite of coproduced performance metrics can help determine the relative impact of management decisions on the adaptive capacity of communities under future climate scenarios.
Improving the Efficiency of Green Roofs Using Atmospheric Water Harvesting Systems (An Innovative Design)
Authors: Pirouz Behrouz , Palermo Stefania Anna , Turco Michele
Published: February 2021

Conventional green roofs, although having numerous advantages, could place water resources under pressure in dry periods due to irrigation requirements. Moreover, the thermal efficiency of green roofs could decrease without irrigation, and the plants could get damaged. Therefore, this study aims to improve the efficiency of conventional green roofs by proposing a new multipurpose green roof combined with fog and dew harvesting systems. The analysis determined that the average water use of green roofs in the summer (in humid regions) is about 3.7 L/m2/day, in the Mediterranean regions about 4.5 L/m2/day, and in arid regions about 2.7 L/m2/day. During the dry season, the average fog potential in humid regions is 1.2 to 15.6 L/m2/day, Mediterranean regions between 1.6 and 4.6 L/m2/day, and arid regions between 1.8 and 11.8 L/m2/day. The average dew potential during the dry season in humid regions is 0.1 to 0.3 L/m2/day, in the Mediterranean regions is 0.2 to 0.3 L/m2/day, and in the arid regions is 0.5 to 0.7 L/m2/day. The analysis of the suggested multipurpose green roof combined with fog/dew harvesting systems, in the summer, in three different climates, show that fog harvesting could provide the total water requirement of the green roofs, and that dew harvesting by PV (photo-voltaic) panels could provide 15 to 26% of the water requirements. Moreover, it could show a higher thermal impact on the building, higher efficiency in stormwater management, less dependence on the urban water network, and greater efficiency in decreasing urban air, water, and noise pollution. Finally, the novel green roof system could consume less water due to the shaded area by mesh and solar PVs and maximize the utilization of the roof area, as solar panels could be applied on the same green roof.
Prediction of Combined Terrestrial Evapotranspiration Index (CTEI) over Large River Basin Based on Machine Learning Approaches
Authors: Elbeltagi Ahmed , Kumari Nikul , Dharpure Jaydeo , Mokhtar Ali , Alsafadi Karam , Kumar Manish , Mehdinejadiani Behrouz , Ramezani Etedali Hadi , Brouziyne Youssef , Towfiqul Islam Abu , Kuriqi Alban
Published: February 2021

Drought is a fundamental physical feature of the climate pattern worldwide. Over the past few decades, a natural disaster has accelerated its occurrence, which has significantly impacted agricultural systems, economies, environments, water resources, and supplies. Therefore, it is essential to develop new techniques that enable comprehensive determination and observations of droughts over large areas with satisfactory spatial and temporal resolution. This study modeled a new drought index called the Combined Terrestrial Evapotranspiration Index (CTEI), developed in the Ganga river basin. For this, five Machine Learning (ML) techniques, derived from artificial intelligence theories, were applied: the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm, decision trees, Matern 5/2 Gaussian process regression, boosted trees, and bagged trees. These techniques were driven by twelve different models generated from input combinations of satellite data and hydrometeorological parameters. The results indicated that the eighth model performed best and was superior among all the models, with the SVM algorithm resulting in an R2 value of 0.82 and the lowest errors in terms of the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) (0.33) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) (0.20), followed by the Matern 5/2 Gaussian model with an R2 value of 0.75 and RMSE and MAE of 0.39 and 0.21 mm/day, respectively. Moreover, among all the five methods, the SVM and Matern 5/2 Gaussian methods were the best-performing ML algorithms in our study of CTEI predictions for the Ganga basin.
Stepwise Identification of Influencing Factors and Prediction of Typhoon Precipitation in Anhui Province Based on the Back Propagation Neural Network Model
Authors: Zhou Yuliang , Li Yang , Jin Juliang , Zhou Ping , Zhang Dong , Ning Shaowei , Cui Yi
Published: February 2021

Typhoon is one of the most frequent meteorological phenomena that covers most of central-eastern China during the summer. Typhoon-induced precipitation is one of the most important water resources, but it often leads to severe flood disasters. Accurate typhoon precipitation prediction is crucial for mitigating typhoon disasters and managing water resources. Anhui Province, located in East China, is a typhoon affected region. Typhoon-related disasters are its major natural disasters. This study aims at developing a new back propagation (BP) neural network model to predict both the typhoon precipitation event and the typhoon precipitation amount. The predictors in the model are identified through correlation analysis of the above two target variables and a large set of candidate variables. We further improve the predictor selection through an iterative approach, which proposes new predictors for the BP model in each iteration by analyzing the differences of candidate predictors between the years with large prediction errors and the normal years. The results show that the accuracy of the BP-based summer typhoon event prediction model in the simulation period from 1957 to 2006 is 100%, and its accuracy in the validation period from 2007 to 2016 is 90%. In addition, the absolute value of the mean relative error predicted by the typhoon precipitation amount model for the simulation period is 20.9%. A significant error can be found in 2000 as the mechanism of typhoon precipitation in this year is different from that of other normal years. The error in 2000 is probably caused by the impact of vertical shear anomalies over the western Pacific which hinders the development of typhoon embryos. Additionally, the absolute value of the mean relative error predicted by the typhoon precipitation amount model in the validation period is 14.2%. A significant error also can be found in 2009, probably due to the influence of the asymmetry in the typhoon cloud system.
Evaluation of Adsorption Mechanism of Chromium(VI) Ion Using Ni-Al Type and Ni-Al-Zr Type Hydroxides
Authors: Ogata Fumihiko , Nagai Noriaki , Tabuchi Ayako , Toda Megumu , Otani Masashi , Saenjum Chalermpong , Nakamura Takehiro , Kawasaki Naohito
Published: February 2021

To evaluate the feasibility of nickel–aluminum (the Ni2+:Al3+ molar ratios of 1.0:1.0 and 1.0:2.0 are denoted as NA11 and NA12, respectively) and nickel–aluminum–zirconium type (the Ni2+:Al3+:Zr4+ molar ratios of 0.9:1.0:0.09 and 0.9:2.0:0.09 are denoted as NAZ1 and NAZ2, respectively) hydroxides for Cr(VI) removal from aqueous media, the adsorption capability and adsorption mechanism of Cr(VI) using the above-mentioned adsorbents were investigated in this study. The quantity of Cr(VI) adsorbed onto NA11, NA12, NAZ1, and NAZ2 was 25.5, 25.6, 24.1, and 24.6 mg g−1, respectively. However, the quantity of aluminum (base metal) released from NA11 (approximately 0.14 mg g−1) was higher than that from NAZ1 (approximately 1.0 µg g−1), indicating that NAZ1 was more suitable for Cr(VI) removal than NA11. In addition, the effects of pH, contact time, and temperature on the adsorption of Cr(VI) were evaluated. Moreover, to elucidate the adsorption mechanism of Cr(VI) using NA11 and NAZ1, the elemental distribution, X-ray photoelectron spectrometry spectra, and ion exchange capability were also determined. Cr(VI) adsorbed onto the NAZ1 surface was easily desorbed using a sodium hydroxide solution under our experimental conditions. The information regarding this study can be useful for removing Cr(VI) from aqueous media.
De l’utopie comme champ d’alternatives à partir des contrastes entre le projet coopératif et les projets auto-gestionnaires
Authors: Desroche Henri
Published: February 2021

Utopia in search of a praxis, praxis in search of an utopia : these are the terms in which projects of self-management and cooperatives are analysed. On this basis, we may consider seven aspects of utopia : (1) the utopian models of a family-less, property-less, state-less, God-less society ; (2) its possible variations according to the relative weight accorded one or another of these elements ; (3) the ambiguity of the utopian tradition ; (4) the fine determination of the timing for utopias, between “ too late ” and “ too quick ” ; (5) the difficult task of separating “ good ” from “ bad ” utopia ; (6) who will be the defenser of utopia before the tribunal of history, if not utopia itself ? (7) hence the necessity to found a science of utopia, i.e. to conserve, to treat and elaborate utopias.
Le mouvement des Bürgerinitiativen
Authors: Seul Otmar
Published: February 2021

Attempt at a typology of Bürgerinitiativen (self-help groups) as far as their objectives, forms of organization, and action are concerned ; where they situate themselves, either complementing or breaking with traditional political and union practice ; what their prospects are.
Principes et pratiques de la cogestion
Authors: Sandoz Gérard
Published: February 2021

Historical presentation of the concept of economic democracy ; analysis of the recent evolution, of the limitations and contradictions found in different co-management systems and how they affect the role played by union representatives and the relationship existing between workers and unions.
Idéologie des écologistes et pratiques autogestionnaires
Authors: Mothé Daniel
Published: February 2021

Ecologist ideology and self-management practices

This article presents the various aspects of the ecology struggle in France during 1974-1978. In particular it examines the principal elements of ecologist ideology, as well as the behavioural differences found in ecologists and militants of traditional parties. A study is also made of how these movements are organized along self-management lines, and the difficulties they encounter when trying to coordinate actions on a local or national level.
Satul românesc în spațiul și timpul lui Dumnezeu
Authors: Liușnea Mihaela Denisia
Published: February 2021

In the homage cancellation of the Romanian village, they are proposed to look at the perspectives on certain intellectuals on certain aspects. The village, realized ubiquitously in the collective and individual histories of the Romanians, is established in Orthodox churches, conditioned by the Holy Spirit, represents first, webelieve, the hierarchy of values, it relates the endless space to the universe and while it is limited to eternity: the God’s space and time. The Romanian peasant is not in a hurry, he is not pessimistic, he does not lie in despair, because he lives fulfilling God’s Great and “unchanging“ Plan – history. The peasant must create the thought life and glorify God, who takes care of His presence. Thus, during the work, it is marked by Christian holidays of honor to Him, the Mother of God and the Saints. The conclusion is that the issue of space and time in the Romanian village cannot be addressed from the position of God is present, growth is determinant for dimension (length and time), height, depth of depth that characterizes the two concepts. The relativism of today’s world can encompass the Romanian soul.
Rolul Bisericii în înfăptuirea justiției în Țările Române feudale
Authors: Gălățeanu Oana Elena
Published: February 2021

The justice performance system has evolved all over the world, at the same time with the development of the human society. The Church had had a greatinfluence on the justice system in our country, in the medieval period. The lords frequently trusted to the hierarchs the authority to judge many cases where laymen were involved. At the same time, in the Romanian feudalism, the Church had had also the authority to put to execution the decisions given, at least in the criminal cases. This is proved by many mitropolies where prisons were operating, existing in Wallachia, Transylvania and Moldavia and being guarded by mercenaries from  the Romaniancountries’ army. The Church and its hierarch’s contributions to the justice fulfilment act in the medieval period of the Romanian people are presented in the present study.
Contribuții la istoria conceptului de „loisir“
Authors: Liușnea Cristian Ștefan
Published: February 2021

In the present paper * we set out to analyze the concept of leisure, from the perspective of its historical evolution, to understand the content and meanings thatspecialists from different scientific fields propose or accept. Leisure activities have, over time, involved religious, cultural and sporting activities. The emergence of urban services offered by libraries, museums, sports fields, etc. is related to this concept. We consider that in the post-modern society, the problem of leisure is very important, today there is a major change reflected in the choices of people, who have less and less free time, and the rising costs of participating in leisure activities of a sporting nature, first, restrict access to them for a large part of the urban population, to whom it is mainly addressed. The concept of leisure is related not only to the social or economic domain, through the relation with the tourism activities or services, but also to culture, some authors even talking about a culture of leisure, through which people not only relax or relax. They have fun, but they also have access to values that are vital to personal development. Also, the concept of leisure is related to health, fitness (physical condition).
ANÁLISE LABORATORIAL DE ENZIMAS HEPÁTICAS EM PACIENTES ASSINTOMÁTICOS
Authors: Diniz Rolim Sabrynna , Eduardo Ferreira Alves Francisco , de Moura Alves Correia Fabrina , Jorge Felix Franceildo , Braga Cartaxo Higor , Algeni Tavares Landim Maria
Published: February 2021

O objetivo desse estudo foi realizar a análise laboratorial das enzimas hepáticas com a enzima gama glutamitrasferaseem pacientes assintomáticos. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo com caráter quanti-qualitativa do tipo exploratória e descritiva, realizado com 100 pessoas entre estudantes e funcionários, com idade entre 17 e 60 anos, homens e mulheres de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior, localizada na cidade de Cajazeiras - PB.Os dados e as amostras foram coletados através de questionário e punção venosa, respectivamente, para as análises bioquímicas dos valores de enzimas hepáticas Alanina aminotransferase (ALT) e Gama glutamiltransferase (GGT), através do aparelho da Bioplus 2000, semiautomático, onde adicionava 1ml do reagente ALT no tubo de ensaio/imediato 100 microlitro da amostra(soro do paciente após centrifugado em 10 minutos) para ser realizado a leitura e emitido o resultado, depois 1ml do reagente GGT no tubo de ensaio/imediato 50 microlitro da amostra e realizado a sua leitura conforme o ALT. Resultados: Prevaleceu uma população jovem entre a faixa etária de 17 a 30 anos sendo 67% do sexo feminino e 33% sexo masculino. Foi possível observar a prevalência de algumas doenças crônicas, porém 94% não possuem nenhum tipo de doença. O nível de sedentarismo encontra-se elevado, visto que 60% dos estudantes amostrais declara não realizar atividade física; 60% da população do estudo afirmou não ter uma alimentação saudável e fazer uso de álcool moderadamente. Nos exames laboratoriais, houve uma prevalência de resultados com valores dentro da normalidade, obtendo: ALT 90% dentro dos valores normais (valor de referência 10-38 U/L) e GGT 96% também na normalidade de acordo com o valor de referência para homem: 7-58 U/L e mulher: 5-39 U/L). Conclusão: Após análises dos resultados observou-se que mesmo com o consumo de bebida alcoólica, alimentação inadequada e a inatividade física os resultados dos valores enzimáticos (ALT e GGT) da população em estudo, prevaleceudentro do padrão de normalidade estabelecido pelo fabricante. Uma vez que esses valores podem variar em virtude do fabricante do kit laboratorial usado. Porém, faz-se necessário a conscientização de melhorar os hábitos de vida a fim de prevenir doenças.

Palavras chave: Universitários. Fígado. Enzimas.
A geografia dos esportes no Brasil
Authors: Montanha Fausto Amaro Ribeiro Picoreli , Mostaro Filipe
Published: February 2021

Entrevista concedida por Gilmar Mascarenhas, geógrafo e professor da UERJ, a Fausto Amaro e Filipe Mostaro, pesquisadores do Laboratório de Estudos em Mídia e Esporte (LEME). A entrevista foi parte de uma série de gravações empreendidas pela equipe do LEME com pesquisadores proeminentes nos estudos sociais do esporte e que estão disponíveis on-line.
THE PROJECT “ONE BELT, ONE WAY” IN THE GEOPOLITICAL DIMENSION
Authors: ГАДЖИЕВ К.С.
Published: February 2021

В статье предпринята попытка выявить и проанализировать место и роль китайского проекта «Один пояс, один путь» в тех тектонических сдвигах которые происходят в геополитических реалиях современного мира. Главное внимание концентрируется на сновании тезиса о том, что ключевой его целью является подведение на Евразийском континенте материальную базу под глобализацией, которая охватывает, прежде всего, финансовую, технологическую, информационную, идеологическую и иные сферы. Показано, что, предусматривая создание своего рода евразийской оси из целого ряда транспортных коридоров для соединения Азии с Европой, проект призван вытеснить США с Евразийского континента как способного конкурировать с Китаем и его возможными союзниками геополитического игрока. Сделан вывод, что его реализация может стать одним из факторов изменения геополитического облика не только Евразийского континента, но и современного мира в целом.
NORTH CAUCASUS IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL POLITICS
Authors: КОСТОЕВ З.И. , АРАПХАНОВА Л.Я.
Published: February 2021

В статье рассматривается роль и значение Северного Кавказа в контексте глобальной международной политики таких ведущих противоборствующих игроков как Россия, Иран, Турция, США и Великобритания. Авторы отмечают основные факторы, привлекавшие внимание к региону как в прошлом, так в настоящем времени. Особо отмечается роль географического и экономического аспектов в этой политике. В статье показано, как менялся характер отношений между этими государствами и какие последствия они имели для России и Северного Кавказа, в частности.
THE BALTIC СOUNTRIES EXIT FROM THE BRELL “ENERGY RING”: CAUSES AND EFFECTS
Authors: АФОНИН А.Д.
Published: February 2021

В статье рассматриваются основные причины выхода стран Балтии из «энергокольца» БРЭЛЛ. Среди базовых определяются политические (необходимость обеспечения региональной энергобезопасности ЕС) и технические, обусловленные спецификой работы европейских энергосетей. В качестве основных следствий определяются технические работы по трансформации энергосетей и продолжающийся диалог ЕС с Россией.
Ecological Performance: Ethnic Fragmentation versus Governance Quality and Sustainable Development
Authors: Koziuk Viktor , Hayda Yuryi , Dluhopolskyi Oleksandr , Kozlovskyi Serhii
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the consideration of the ethical and ecological aspect of the framework conditions for the welfare state formation. The hypothesis of the negative influence of high ethnic fractionalization on the ecological situation in a country that in the classical welfare states is offset by the high efficiency of government through the initiation of the function of balancing the interests of ethnic groups in the transmission buffer mechanism is tested in the paper. The study used correlation and regression analysis tools using the application statistical software package STATISTICA. The hypothesis of an inverse relationship between the degree of heterogeneous society and the ecological quality is empirically substantiated. It is proved that the quality of governance can weaken the inverse relationship between ethnic fractionalization and the ecological situation in the country. In the welfare states, the neutralization factor of ethnic fractionalization by the quality of governance institutions is traced, which testifies to the existence of an institutional transmission buffer mechanism in the relationship between the structure of society and the offer of environmental goods.
The Role of Language in Sustainable Development: Multilingualism and Language Literacy in India
Authors: Toppo Neha , Rahman Mojibur
Published: February 2021

The paper, out of the three major domains of sustainable development, brings its focus on socio-cultural sustainability. As human contacts and negotiation are essential to serve the purposes of sustainable development worldwide, language as a shared means of communication is worth paying attention to. The central objective of the paper is to deliberate on the significance of language and literacy in sustainable development. Firstly, it introduces the notion of sustainable development and conceptualizes language within its frame. Then, it explores the link between language, literacy and development; and elucidates the role this plays in attaining sustainable development goals. The paper further highlights the debate between English and mother tongue/local languages specific to the literacy programmes in India. Conflicts in language selection for the medium of instruction, deciding on the place of mother tongue and global language, etc are some obvious issues in the multilingual and multicultural education scenario. Therefore, the paper calls for the need of adopting a multilingual approach in order to address the linguistic diversity in the multilingual educational contexts. Both English and local languages have been equally emphasized for attaining social sustainability at the local and global plane. Some implications are also suggested to be utilized in language/educational programmes.
Decodificador baseado em Rede Neural Profunda para Códigos de Bloco Lineares Curtos Transmitidos via Canal Binário Simétrico
Authors: Kamassury Jorge Kysnney Santos
Published: February 2021

Os códigos de comprimento curto têm sido alvo de estudos recentes devido, principalmente, às exigências de tecnologias emergentes por requisitos específicos de comunicação. Entretanto, para a classe de código mais promissora (BCH), a decodificação é complexa quando se usa os decodificadores tradicionais. Nesse contexto, os projetos que empregam redes neurais para esse propósito manifestam-se como interessantes alternativas. Isto posto, neste artigo estende-se, para os códigos BCH de comprimento n menor ou igual a 31, o projeto de decodificador proposto na literatura que aplica a rede neural para estimar o padrão de erro a partir da síndrome do vetor recebido. Além disso, introduz-se um novo decodificador que estima iterativamente as posições mais confiáveis para serem os bits errôneos do padrão de erro previamente predito por uma rede neural. Os resultados apresentados evidenciam que para todos os códigos analisados, o novo decodificador alcança os máximos desempenhos teóricos.
Implementasi Peran Serta Masyarakat Dalam Pembentukan Peraturan Daerah Di Kota Makassar
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Al Habsy
Published: February 2021

Tujuan Penelitian untuk menganalisa implementasi Peran serta masyarakat dalam Pembentukan Peraturan daerah di Kota Makassar. Metode penelitian adalah Penulisan ini menggunakan metode penelitian empiric. Hasil Penelitian, implementasi peran serta masyarakat dalam Pembentukan Peraturan daerah di Kota Makassar belum terimplementasi dengan baik. Hal ini didasarkan bahwa dalam kurun waktu 5 tahun terakhir terhitung sejak 2010 sampai dengan 2015 sebanyak 46 peraturan daerah telah dibentuk dan hanya 3 peraturan daerah yang melibatkan masyarakat dalam pembentukan peraturan daerah tersebut. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi implementasi Peran serta masyarakat dalam Pembentukan Peraturan daerah di Kota Makassar adalah faktor pendidikan, faktor pekerjaan, faktor substansi hukum, faktor struktur hukum dan faktor pengetahuan masyarakat. Faktor tersebut menjadi hal utama dalam teralisasinya suatu peraturan daerah dengan baik khususnya peraturan daerah kota Makassar.

Research Objectives to analyze the implementation of the community in the formation of regional regulation in the city of Makassar The approach is writing it uses research methodology empirical. The result of the research, research methodology is writtend for implementation the role of the community in the formation of regulation areas in the city makassar not allowed well. The results of the study, the implementation of community participation in the formation of local regulations in Makassar City has not been implemented well. This is based on that in the past 5 years from 2010 to 2015 46 regional regulations have been formed and only 3 regional regulations have involved the community in the formation of these regional regulations. Factors that influence the implementation of community participation in the formation of local regulations in Makassar City are education, employment, legal substance, legal structure and community knowledge. These factors become the main thing in the realization of a local regulation properly, especially the Makassar city regional regulation