bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
»Die Hölle ist das Unbewusste des Menschen von heute«
Authors: Ott Christine
Published: September 2021

Riassunto

Viaggio terapeutico negli abissi del proprio inconscio e indagine tormentata sulla ›tragedia umana‹ del ventesimo secolo: Giorgio (György) Pressburger (1937 Budapest–2017 Trieste) pubblicò Nel regno oscuro (Bompiani 2008) come prima parte di una trilogia romanzesca che esibisce evidenti correspondenze strutturali e contenutistiche con la Commedia di Alighieri. La seconda e terza parte, Nella regione profonda e Nei boschi felici uscirono nel 2013 in un unico volume, intitolato Storia umana e inumana. Il contributo presente si propone di situare la modalità specifica con cui Pressburger recepisce Dante sullo sfondo dei concetti della ricezione creativa (»kreative Rezeption«, Peter Kuon), della rielaborazione (»Neubearbeitung«, Tabea Kretschmann) e della »Systemaktualisierung« (attualizzazione di un ›sistema‹ dantesco). Inoltre si propone di analizzare la strategia di autocommento messa in atto dall’autore nonché la riflessione, implicita nel testo, sul rapporto fra memoria individuale e culturale.
The ECB Under the Threat of Fiscal Dominance – The Individual Central Banker Dimension
Authors: Heinemann Friedrich , Kemper Jan
Published: September 2021

This paper examines the threat of fiscal dominance for central banks with a focus on the individual dimension. A general symptom of fiscal dominance is a feedback loop from sovereign debt developments to monetary policy decisions. Our theoretical reasoning clarifies under which assumptions the individual members in a federal central bank system should pay particular attention to their home regions’ public debt situation. We present empirical evidence for the existence of such a repercussion in the context of the ECB Council. Based on public statements regarding the Pandemic Emergency Purchase Programme (PEPP), we classify the governors of the euro area national central banks (NCB) and the ECB board members as “hawks”, “neutrals,” and “doves”. We correlate the resulting classification with their home countries’ debt level. The resulting pattern is consistent with what can be expected for a regime of fiscal dominance. Whereas the doves tend to come from high-debt countries, the average debt level of the hawks’ home countries is significantly lower. As expected, this pattern is even more pronounced for the NCB presidents than for board members.
Feasibility of multifunction calibration of H+-responsive glass electrodes in seawater (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Stoica Daniela , Anes Bárbara Velasco , Fisicaro Paola , Camões Maria Filomena
Published: September 2021

Seawater pH values are of the highest relevance in marine chemistry studies, not only through being acidity indicators but also due to the control provided by H+(aq) over the various simultaneous equilibria occurring in seawater. Although the concept of

p
H
=
−
l
g

a

H
+

=
−
lg

(

m

H
+

γ

H
+

/

m
0

)

$\mathrm{p}\mathrm{H}=-\mathrm{l}\mathrm{g}{\mathit{a}}_{{\mathrm{H}}^{+}}=-\mathrm{lg}\left({\mathit{m}}_{{\mathrm{H}}^{+}}{\mathit{\gamma }}_{{\mathrm{H}}^{+}}/{\mathit{m}}^{0}\right)$

, where

m

H
+

${m}_{{\text{H}}^{+}}$

is the relative (molality basis) activity,

γ

H
+

${\gamma }_{{\text{H}}^{+}}$

is the molal activity coefficient of the hydrogen ion H+ at molality

m

H
+

${m}_{{\text{H}}^{+}}$

, and m
0 is the standard molality, was introduced in 1910 and reaffirmed on successive occasions by relevant bodies, different conceptual definitions and alternative measurement procedures have been adopted and are in use by some, namely among oceanographers, often leading to confusion. This leads to major difficulties with the use of data, e.g., on what concerns comparison of results in space and time. Primary pH values, the highest quality level in terms of the metrological chain, have been assigned to primary reference pH buffer solutions of low ionic strength, by a primary method based on measurements of the Harned cell potential in association with the Nernst equation, as well as on the adoption of extra-thermodynamic model assumptions for electrolyte solutions. Although equivalent types of recommendations dealing with standards and procedures based on metrological traceability are still lacking for higher ionic strength media, as it is in the case of seawater, reference Tris–Tris·HCl buffer solutions in artificial seawater have been suggested for use in the calibration of pH meter systems. In this work, Tris–Tris·HCl buffer saline solutions of three different molality ratios mTris:mTris.HCl, m/mol kg−1 H2O, have been assigned reference values for free

p
H
=
−
lg
 

a

H
+

$\mathrm{p}\mathrm{H}=-\mathrm{lg}\,{a}_{{\text{H}}^{+}}$

and total

pH
T

=
−
lg 

(

m

H
+

*

/

m
0

)

${\mathrm{pH}}^{\mathrm{T}}=-\text{lg}\left({m}_{{\text{H}}^{+}}^{\text{{\ast}}}/{m}^{0}\right)$

, where m
0 = 1 mol kg−1 and

m

H
+

*

=

lim

m
→

m
SW

[

m

(

H
+

)

+
m

(

HSO
4
−

)

]

${m}_{{\text{H}}^{+}}^{\text{{\ast}}}=\underset{m\to {m}_{\text{SW}}}{\mathrm{lim}}\left[m\left({\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{+}}\right)+m\left({\mathrm{HSO}}_{4}^{\mathbf{-}}\right)\right]$

. Multi-point calibration of pH meters in terms of either pH or pHT is thus possible and supports measurement of their respective values under routine conditions at a high metrological level.
Real-life pseudo-passives: The usage and discourse functions of adjunct-based passive constructions
Authors: Podhorodecka Joanna
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study is to examine the usage of adjunct-based prepositional passives of intransitive verbs. The occurrence of this highly atypical construction, referred to as the pseudo-passive, is motivated by a variety of factors related to its individual components as well as the discourse context. The pseudo-passive is first characterized in terms of its most characteristic verbs and prepositions. Then three main types of the construction are distinguished on the basis of their subject semantics and discourse function, which correlate with specific syntactic and semantic features observed in the data. The study relies on statistical tools for the analysis of the corpus data: collostructional analysis, multiple correspondence analysis and logistic regression.
Mass Treatment of Flooded Archival Materials by Gamma Radiation
Authors: Montanari Matteo , Pipponzi Sara , Livi Pietro , Prodi Antonio
Published: September 2021

This work describes mass recovery processes of flooded archival materials at industrial scale. The presence of fungi on paper represents a threat to the integrity of the document because they degrade cellulose, one of the main components of paper. Gamma radiation treatments are investigated as mass disinfection agents for their high penetrating power, speed of treatment, and absence of risk due to chemical residuals. We compared two different recovery processes: thermal drying followed by gamma irradiation and gamma irradiation followed by thermal drying. Both these processes were conducted simultaneously on naturally contaminated archival items and on paper specimens artificially contaminated with test species. Efficacy was assessed by culture method and ATP assay, right after the treatments and after four years of storage at room temperature. Coupling gamma irradiation with a drying step with dry heat at 55–60 °C reduces the fungal loads on natural items up to levels close to the detection limits, and the reduction is maintained after four years. On artificial specimens, spore germination is completely inhibited, mycelia growth is also highly affected, but the melanised test species appear to be more resistant. A synergistic effect between gamma irradiation, water content, and thermal drying is highlighted in this paper.
Experiences with an educational program for patients with chronic widespread pain: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Goksör Clara , Mannerkorpi Kaisa , Bergenheim Anna
Published: September 2021

Objectives

Chronic widespread pain (CWP) is a common problem in primary health care, with a prevalence of 10–15%. An educational program called Pain School has been developed for use in primary health care, comprising four educational group sessions and 10 weeks of physical activity. The purpose of this study was to explore patients’ experiences with participating in an educational program that aims to increase their understanding of pain, self-efficacy, tools in daily life, and physical activity.

Methods

Twelve women (age 25–72 years) with CWP were included in this qualitative interview study set in primary health care. Semi-structured individual interviews were held 10 weeks after the completion of the four educational group sessions. Data was analyzed through the established method of content analysis, and the results are presented as a theme with categories and subcategories.

Results

An overarching theme that described the participants’ experiences with the educational program was evolvement of skills and perspectives to master pain. This theme covered four categories: understanding one’s body and mind, experiencing the value of participation, applying strategies and ways of thinking, and evaluating and adding to one’s personal framework. Participation contributed to an increased understanding of one’s body and mind and to experiencing the individual and social value of participation. The participants applied new strategies and ways of thinking related to pain and physical activity. An evaluation of the relevance for the individual and the value of being in the group could reinforce or add to the participants’ personal framework.

Conclusions

The educational program Pain School that was used in this study appears to give knowledge and support for women with CWP in primary health care and provide them with applicable skills and perspectives to manage pain.
DNA Repair Inhibition Leads to Active Export of Repetitive Sequences to the Cytoplasm Triggering an Inflammatory Response
Authors: Song Xuan , Aw Jacqueline T. M. , Ma Fulin , Cheung Ming Fung , Leung Danny , Herrup Karl
Published: September 2021

Adult-onset neurodegenerative diseases are often accompanied by evidence of a chronic inflammation that includes activation of microglial cells and altered levels of brain cytokines. Aspects of this response are likely secondary reactions to neurodegeneration, but for many illnesses the inflammation may itself be an early and even causative disease event. In such cases, the inflammation is referred to as “sterile” as it occurs in the absence of an actual bacterial or viral pathogen. A potent trigger of sterile inflammation in CNS microglia has been shown to be the presence of DNA in the cytoplasm (cytoDNA) induced either by direct DNA damage or by inhibited DNA repair. We have shown that cytoDNA comes from the cell nucleus as a result of insufficient DNA damage repair. Using wild-type andAtm-/-mouse microglia, we extend these observations here by showing that its genomic origins are not random, but rather are heavily biased toward transcriptionally inactive, intergenic regions, in particular repetitive elements and AT-rich sequences. Once released from the genome, in both males and females, we show that cytoDNA is actively exported to the cytoplasm by a CRM1-dependent mechanism. In the cytoplasm, it is degraded either by a cytosolic exonuclease, Trex1, or an autophagy pathway that ends with degradation in the lysosome. Blocking the accumulation of cytoDNA prevents the emergence of the sterile inflammation reaction. These findings offer new insights into the emergence of sterile inflammation and offer novel approaches that may be of use in combatting a wide range of neurodegenerative conditions.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSterile inflammation describes a state where the defenses of the immune system are activated in the absence of a true pathogen. A potent trigger of this unorthodox response is the presence of DNA in the cytoplasm, which immune cells interpret as an invading virus or pathogen. We show that when DNA damage increases, fragments of the cell's own genome are actively exported to the cytoplasm where they are normally degraded. If this degradation is incomplete an immune reaction is triggered. Both age and stress increase DNA damage, and as age-related neurodegenerative diseases are frequently accompanied by a chronic low-level inflammation, strategies that reduce the induction of cytoplasmic DNA or speed its clearance become attractive therapeutic targets.
“Collect, acquire, analyze, report, and disseminate statistical data related to the science and engineering enterprise…”: The National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics
Authors: Fritz Matthew
Published: September 2021

The National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) is one of the thirteen principal statistical agencies of the United States and is tasked with providing objective data on the status of the science and engineering enterprise in the U.S. and other countries. NCSES sponsors or co-sponsors data collection on 15 surveys and produces two key publications: Science and Engineering Indicators, and Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering. Though policy-neutral, the data and reports produced by NCSES are used by policymakers when making policy decisions regarding STEM education and research funding in the U.S. Given NCSES’s importance to the science and engineering community, raising awareness of NCSES and increasing participation by individuals in STEM fields is an important priority.
Imagining a Better Classroom: Infographics to Build Learning Communities
Authors: Ibrahim Jennifer K , Frankel Anne , Mansell Jamie
Published: September 2021

Innovative new teaching techniques continue to grow, but a solid grounding in the basic elements of good teaching pedagogy and clear communication is also needed. The foundation of a classroom should be a learning community in which students and instructors alike share a safe space to learn new content, engage in activities to practice with course materials and build skills, and to evaluate progress towards course learning goals. There are some instructors who were not formally trained to teach in higher education and may use the materials that were handed down to them, but not truly know how to develop their own course from the beginning. In this article, we reimagine building a better classroom through the use of infographics. The benefit of infographics is that a picture allows the instructor to interpret the image and adjust for their teaching style and the context of the course. Key elements of good teaching include course alignment, class planning, clear communication with students and collaboration between the instructor and students. Moreover, Covid-19 has heightened awareness of the need for instructors to consider the individual student and ensure that they are set up for success in the context of the class and being a student more generally. We showcase a set of six infographics to demonstrate the use of this medium to develop a successful and enjoyable course and discuss the ways in which the infographics can guide development of an evidence-based teaching approach.
Effect of wood particle size on selected properties of neat and recycled wood polypropylene composites
Authors: Çavuş Vedat , Mengeloğlu Fatih
Published: September 2021

Neat polypropylene (PP)- and post-industrial recycled polypropylene (rPP)-based wood-plastic composites (WPC) were manufactured using 40% mahogany wood flour (WF). The effect of particle size (0.074 to 0.149 mm, 0.177 to 0.250 mm, and 0.400 to 0.841 mm) on the selected properties of PP and rPP composites was studied. The influence of 3% maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) presence in the formulation was also evaluated. Test specimens were manufactured using a combination of extrusion and injection molding processes. The density and mechanical properties, such as flexural strength, flexural modulus, tensile strength, tensile modulus, elongation at break, hardness and impact strength values were determined. Morphology of the manufactured composites was also studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Results showed that the particle size, polypropylene type (neat or recycled), and presence of MAPP had important effects on WPC’s properties. Density, flexural modulus, tensile modulus, and impact strength values increased with decreased particle size regardless of the presence of MAPP. Flexural strength values increased with decreased particle size without MAPP. Regardless of particle size, addition of MAPP in composites provided higher flexural strength, flexural modulus, tensile strength, and tensile modulus values but lower elongation at break values compared to composites without MAPP.
The Influence of Built Environment on Landslides. A Case Study: Converney-Taillepied
Authors: Howald Erika Prina , Torche J. , Madrari Y.
Published: September 2021

Permanent deep soil landslides are regular downstream movements over a long period. The soil mass moves along an existing sliding surface, contrary to spontaneous landslides that are quite fast downstream movements, starting after a triggering event.
The present study aims to define the effects and the relevant impact that urbanization can cause on the evolution of an important permanent landslide. It reports existing knowledge and describes the phenomenon and its behavior according to increasing urbanization and geotechnical mechanisms.
The intense urbanization (terraces, building reinforcements due to maintenance needs, surface drainage systems, deep drainage boreholes, infrastructure development) has contributed to stabilizing the landslide as a whole. However, geological and hydrogeological factors and the choice of areas where urban density can become higher are equally crucial for landslide stability.
The Converney-Taillepied landslide upon Belmont-Sur-Lausanne, Paudex, and Lutry (Vaud Canton, Switzerland) has been selected as a case study. Several historical events occurred in those areas when they were only rural, while over the past hundred years, the geography has been deeply modified by urbanization.
Once the overall study of the Converney-Taillepied landslides is finished, this work will focus on the most critical areas resulting from the latter. The project analyzes the present conditions of the phenomenon, its characterizations, and the definition of different scenarios to determinate and analyze the different stability factors. Then it proceeds with the analysis of decisive mechanisms that will be able to affect positively or negatively the landslide condition.
Final results suggest that the presence of the built environment on the landslide after the delicate building phase could have a stabilizing effect.
The Admissibility of an Audio Recording in Lithuanian Civil Procedure and Arbitration
Authors: Bartkus Jurgis
Published: September 2021

This article analyzes the issues related to the admissibility of audio recordings in Lithuanian civil proceedings and arbitration. The study critically evaluates the statutory law, case law and legal doctrine related to the admissibility of audio recordings. The study reveals that the case law of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Lithuania on the admissibility of audio recordings has to be improved on the application of the criteria of admissibility of audio recordings and on the protection of privacy. Meanwhile in Lithuanian arbitration law, it is suggested to waive the arbitration court’s discretion to decide on the possible approaches to the admissibility of an illegally made audio recording and to follow the view that an illegally made audio recording is per se inadmissible.
The Differentiation of Guarantees that are Derived from the Principle of Due Process in the Application of Administrative Sanctions
Authors: Markevičiūtė Milda
Published: September 2021

The aim of this article is to analyse the origins of differentiation of guarantees that are derived from the principle of due process in regulation of administrative sanctions and the problems caused thereof. In order to reach this aim, the following objectives are established: 1) to reveal the regulation of the guarantees that are derived from the principle of due process in administrative sanctions; 2) to evaluate the validity of analysed regulations and its compatibility with applicable law; 3) to analyse the problems caused by the current legal regulation. The object of the analysis is the legal regulation of guarantees that are derived from the principle of due process int the Administrative Violations Code (AVC) and specialised laws. The factors that influenced the differentiation of guarantees that are derived from the principle of due process (or its reduction) in administrative sanctions are evaluated. The analysis revealed that the guarantees that are derived from the principle of due process are defined as lacking particularity and a proper system, incompatible with the Convention and thus inconvenient in situations when a person is charged with administrative violation.
Sample stacking – Capillary electrophoretic determination of nitrate and nitrite contents as nitric oxide metabolites in honey varieties originated from Anatolia
Authors: Aftab J. , Kalaycıoğlu Z. , Kolaylı S. , Erim F.B.
Published: September 2021

Nitrate and nitrite ions taken from food are the sources of bioavailable nitric oxide (NO) in the nitrogen cycle. Some beneficial effects of honey on health are attributed to the ability of honey to increase NO production. The variation of nitrate and nitrite levels of honey samples collected from different Anatolia regions were clarified using capillary electrophoresis technique. The sensitivities of both anions were improved with the application of the sample stacking method. Separation buffer consisted of 30 mmol L−1formic acid and 30 mmol L−1sodium sulfate at a pH of 4.0. The CE technique revealed that 18 honey samples contained nitrate anion ranged between 2.53 and 31.8 mg kg−1. Nitrite amounts were found in lower amounts in the honey samples as between non-detected and 0.533 mg kg−1. The observed differences in nitrate levels between honey varieties may be a way to determine honey's origin.
Assessment and reduction of zenith path delay biases due to day boundary effect
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc Lau , Coleman Richard
Published: September 2021

The troposphere consists of dry air and water vapor, delaying the GNSS signal by about 2.4 m in the zenith direction. The water vapor only causes an error of about 0.2 m in distance measurement, but it is challenging to model and overcome. From 2003 the International GNSS Service (IGS) started to provide the new product of zenith path delay (ZPD) with an accuracy of 1.5-5 mm. However, we found an error in these products up to 30 mm at epochs between 2 days due to the day boundary effect and an average of 16mm RMS for nine days. Our research shows that for reducing the impact, the most critical factor is selecting the initial value for the ZPD, followed by satellite orbit/clock and, finally, the station coordinate values. By choosing an appropriate initial value for ZPD and employing a 3 days orbit/clock, the ZPD error due to the day boundary effect can be reduced to negligible. Meanwhile, the change in the station coordinate value in cm level does not impact the effect.
La simulación como aporte para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje en épocas de Covid-19
Authors: Castro-Maldonado John Jairo , Bedoya-Perdomo Kimberly , Pino-Martínez Ana Alexandra
Published: September 2021

Este artículo muestra el resultado de una revisión bibliográfica para determinar el beneficio del uso de simulaciones, en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje en tiempos de aislamiento preventivo obligatorio a causa de la Covid-19, en el cual los procesos educativos están siendo afectados. La investigación cualitativa de nivel descriptivo. Se trabajó con una población de 1852 artículos de investigación en revistas indexadas, culminando con una muestra de 93 artículos los cuales cumplieron con los criterios de calidad establecidos. Los hallazgos más importantes están centrados en la aplicación de la simulación en campos como medicina, ingeniería, enfermería, administración, entre otros, exponiendo datos relevantes y representativos con relación al cambio, la innovación y el desarrollo de competencias y habilidades que se han evidenciado en los estudiantes y los docentes a partir de la interacción con la simulación, la cual es considerada como una herramienta educativa de apoyo para el docente y un recurso positivo para el estudiante. En conclusión, se demuestran importantes beneficios dado el uso de simuladores en la educación en general, evidenciadas en el desarrollo y práctica de competencias que son necesarias para una adecuada formación profesional y laboral, más aún desde 2020 cuando la educación sufrió cambios drásticos en sus estrategias debido a la aparcicón de la pandemia por la Covid-19.
Comparative Analysis of Factors of Functioning of Special Administrative Areas in the Asian-Pacific Region
Authors:   Far Eastern Federal University, Sinenko O. A.
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to a study of the features of the functioning of special administrative regions in the Asia-Pacific region and the identification of factors influencing the results of the activities of the studied territories. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the features of the functioning of special administrative regions in the Asia-Pacific region. During the research, qualitative methods were used: historical, comparison, analysis and synthesis, legal, deduction and induction, as well as a quantitative method of correlation and regression analysis. The study carried out a comparative analysis of the development and formation of special administrative regions in Russia, as well as Hong Kong, Macau and Singapore. The research hypothesis is based on the assumption that the conditions for the functioning of special administrative regions affect the competitiveness and attractiveness of territories for residents. The research methodological base includes theories describing the impact of territories with a special economic status on the level of the development of territories. We used the author's method of analyzing the functioning of special administrative regions in Russia and in foreign jurisdictions based on 10 indicators: the number of newly registered residents, population, gross national income per capita, GDP, labor force, employment, government spending, direct tax receipts, indirect receipts. taxes, direct domestic investment, direct foreign investment, which made it possible to reveal the dependence of the number of residents registered in special administrative regions on these indicators. The empirical base of the study is data from official information portals on the activities of special administrative regions in Russia and abroad, data from OECD reports, statistics from the World Bank Group, the International Monetary Fund, and others. The novelty of the results obtained lies in substantiating the influence of territorial development indicators on the number of residents in special administrative regions and identifying the risks of functioning of special administrative regions in Russia.
Global Transformation of Higher Education: From Traditional to Entrepreneurial University
Authors:   The Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Yurevich M. A.
Published: September 2021

In the last few decades, there has been a radical change in the paradigm of universities – from organizations engaged in teaching and conducting basic research to institutions that actively interact with the real sector and commercialize the results of intellectual activity. In the scientific literature, this new model was called an "entrepreneurial university". The main hypothesis is the assumption that there is a global trend of turning traditional universities into entrepreneurial ones, as well as integral external drivers of this process. The purpose of this study is to describe the mechanisms of the university sector transformation in different countries, both at the national level and on the example of individual universities. The methodology of the work combines several research areas: a review of theoretical concepts of the university's activity format evolution; the study of key state tools for the transformation of the university sector; a comparative analysis of statistical data illustrating the cooperation of university science with the business sector; consideration of illustrative examples or cases of university transformation into world-class entrepreneurial universities. The main results and conclusions include the following provisions. First, the deployment of multi-stage mechanisms for creating centers of technological growth of regional and sometimes national economies based on individual universities or their consortia has become a global practice. Secondly, statistical indicators show the existence of a noticeable trend of strengthening cooperation between private companies and universities in conducting R&D, which indicates a gradual reorientation of the latter towards solving applied research tasks that are in demand in the market. Thirdly, the process of universities transforming into entrepreneurial organizations can occur in various ways, but the vital factor is the presence of a real demand for the results of university research and development. The described cases can have practical application when drawing up a strategy for the transformation of Russian universities into entrepreneurial universities.
Palliative care in Primary Health Care: an integrative literature review
Authors: Silva Thayná Champe da , Nietsche Elisabeta Albertina , Cogo Silvana Bastos
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze scientific evidence on the implementation and performance of palliative care in Primary Health Care. Methods: an integrative literature review, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, carried out in the PubMed, SciVerse Scopus and LILACS databases, in December 2020, without a time frame. Results: 22 original scientific articles were analyzed, 14 classified as evidence level VI. The objective was to understand the experiences and roles of professionals, patients and families on palliative care in Primary Health Care, articles focused on the theme of management and organization of health services and on the importance of educational interventions on the subject. Final Considerations: evidence found relating palliative care in Primary Health Care points to the possibility of this care; health teams work closely with the family and their home, but the need to expand this theme is still perceived.
Instrumented concrete pile tests – part 2: strain interpretation
Authors: Flynn Kevin N. , McCabe Bryan A.
Published: September 2021

The incorporation of strain gauges (traditionally electrical resistance and vibrating wire gauges but increasingly fibre optic sensors) within concrete piles enables an enhanced understanding of the shear stress distribution along the pile shaft and the bearing resistance at the pile base. This paper provides a roadmap for practitioners to negotiate the challenges associated with strain interpretation in concrete piles. Key lessons from the paper relate to residual loads, temperature effects during curing, pile bending, strain-dependent modulus, unload–reload loops and creep strains during loading. Guidance is drawn from a combination of techniques advocated in the literature, examples from the authors’ experiences of various instrumented concrete pile types and case histories reported by others.
EVLİ ÇİFTLERİN ÇATIŞMA ÇÖZÜM STİLİ TERCİHLERİNDE KÖKEN AİLELERİNİN ROLÜ
Authors: ERDOĞAN Ömer
Published: September 2021

Farklı aile türlerinde yer alan çiftlerin yaşadıkları çatışmaları çözmek için hangi çatışma çözüm stillerini (ÇÇS) kullandıklarını ve kullanılan çözüm stillerinin eşlerin köken ailelerinin kullandığı iletişim kalıplarıyla olan ilişkisini araştırmak amacıyla tasarlanmış olan bu çalışma nicel veri toplama tekniklerinin kullanıldığı betimleyici bir araştırma niteliği taşımaktadır. Çalışmaya 2018-2019 yılları arasında Kastamonu Üniversitesinde öğrenci olarak bulunan 208 öğrencinin ebeveynleri veya yakın çevrelerindeki evli çiftler (416 katılımcı) katılmıştır. Veri toplamak amacıyla Aile İletişim Kalıpları Ölçeği ve Çatışma Çözüm Stilleri Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin Analizi SPSS 22 paket programıyla yapılmış olup elde edilen sonuçlar, genel olarak aile iletişim boyutlarının kullanılan çözüm stillerini etkilediğini ve farklı aile türlerinde eşlerin kullandıkları ÇÇS’nin köken ailelerinin türleri açısından farklılaştığını göstermiştir. Buna göre, kaçınma stilini en çok kullanan aile türünün fikir birliğine dayalı aileler olduğu ve çoğulcu aileler ile birlikte koruyucu ailelerin en çok olumlu ÇÇS’ni kullandığı ortaya konmuştur.
Criterios de uso y conservación de árboles en potreros basados en el conocimiento local de los ganaderos en una zona de bosque seco tropical en Colombia
Authors: Pérez Almario Nelson , Medina Rios Eliana Lizeth , Mora Delgado Jairo , Criollo Cruz Dagoberto , Mejía Julián Roberto
Published: September 2021

Trees are attributed an important role in livestock farms, fulfilling various functions. The study documents the retention of woody species in cattle farms from local and technical knowledge in the upper part of the Magdalena river basin, Colombia. 195 semi-structured questionnaires were applied to identify the perception of producers about the classification and uses of tree forage species, based on physical, nutritional, phenological and environmental criteria, as indicators of conservation and use of species in pastures. With these indicators, indices were constructed that identified important characteristics of the species mentioned by the ranchers. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, mean comparisons, and multivariate analysis techniques. It is recognized that producers appreciate species based on criteria of use and functions related to their productive activity. Six highly valued species Gliricidia sepium, Guazuma ulmifolia, Pithecellobium dulce, Albizia guachapele, Acacia farnesiana and Albizia saman coincide with other studies of local knowledge. The study provides relevant information on twelve species associated with livestock, which have not been reported in previous studies, so it suggests deepening and complementing with scientific knowledge to recognize and assess the use of these potential species for livestock production, allowing interaction between knowledge in a concerted technological system.
Uso de sensores remotos en la determinación del forraje disponible de Urochloa humidicola cv. Llanero bajo pastoreo en la Altillanura colombiana
Authors: Díaz Giraldo Raúl Alejandro , Álvarez de León Mauricio , Pérez López Otoniel
Published: September 2021

Modernization of pastoral systems based on the use of Urochloa species in the Colombian Eastern Llanos need the use of remote sensing techniques from satellite platforms to estimate amount of offered forage. In the Carimagua Research Centre of the Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research (Agrosavia), an Urochloa humidicola cv. Llanero pasture was evaluated using Landsat 8 and Sentinel 2A images. The NDVI, SAVI, EVI y GNDVI vegetation indexes determined by using the blue, green, red and near infrared bands; and the results analyzed with the R free software, to relate those indexes with forage availability field measures taken during the dry season. Forage availability ranged between 290 and 656 kg DM ha-1 and the vegetation indexes for the Landsat 8 and Sentinel 2A sensors were: NDVI = 0.67 (±0.037) and 0.69 (±0.061); SAVI = 0.48 (±0.048) and 0.41 (±0.046); EVI = 0.70 (±0.052) and 0.41 (±0.047); y GNDVI = 0.60 (±0.028) and 0.70 (±0.034), respectively. The relationships between vegetation indexes and forage availability were linear. The Coefficient of Determination (R2= 0.56‒0.72) and the Mean Square Error (MSR =63.95‒80.16) of the prediction equations were used. In conclusion, under the conditions of the study, the EVI for Landsat 8 and NDVI for Sentinel 2A were considered adequate for estimating forage availability of Urochloa humidicola cv. Llanero.
50 years publishing on tropical forages - from Tropical Grasslands and Pasturas Tropicales to Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales
Authors: Peters Michael , Clements Robert , Urrea-Benítez José Luis , Guodao Liu
Published: September 2021

Preamble of the Volume 9, Issue 3
«Без красоты и гвоздя не выдумаете»
Authors: Berezhnov Denis
Published: September 2021

Антинигилистический роман «Бесы», изначально задуманный как политический памфлет, обладает мощным сатирическим зарядом, направленным против утилитаризма. Полемика с «передовыми идеями» «Современника» и «Русского слова» разворачивается в романе на нескольких уровнях, и ее сердцевину составляет конфликт, сосредоточенный на проблеме соотношения эстетики и общественного блага. Для разрешения этой проблемы автор статьи выдвигает комплексную интерпретацию категории «прекрасного», которая входит в состав эстетического мировоззрения Степана Трофимовича Верховенского и воплощается в его монологах. Апофеозом развития «эстетической» темы в романе становится его патетический гимн красоте, произнесенный на «губернском празднике». В статье предлагается онтологическое истолкование его речи. Рассматривая красоту как составную часть триединой идеи (истины, добра и красоты), автор приходит к выводу, что прекрасное, воспринимаемое как сущность Бога (Достоевский) или мира идей (Платон), является творящим, а не творимым бытием, и любое благо, осуществляемое на земле, имеет причину в вечно тождественном царстве гармонии (красоте) и только из него выводимо. Для подтверждения исходного тезиса автор обращается к текстам В. Соловьева, Н. Бердяева, П. Чаадаева и особое внимание уделяет диалогам Платона («Гиппий Больший», «Пир» и др.), которые позволяют с новых позиций осмыслить категорию красоты в ее отношении к пользе и благу.
Чем был постмодерн? Чем стал марксизм?
Authors: Davydov Dmitriy
Published: September 2021

Реценция на: Харви Д. Состояние постмодерна. Исследование истоков культурных изменений / пер. с англ. Н. Проценко. — М. : ИД ВШЭ, 2021.
Что мы делаем в темноте: хоррор и геймплей
Authors: Pavlov Alexander
Published: September 2021

Рецензия на: Перрон Б. Silent Hill. Навстречу ужасу. Игры и теория страха / Пер. с англ. М.В. Бочарова. — Москва : Эксмо, 2021.
Достоевский: антиутопии ХХ века и предупреждение о настоящем
Authors: Tul'chinskiy Grigoriy
Published: September 2021

При всем различии антиутопий Е. Замятина, А. Платонова, О. Хаксли, Д. Оруэлла, Р. Брэдбери, к которым в наше время обращаются как к предостережениям относительно тенденций развития цивилизации, общность выраженных в них мыслей прослеживается в творчестве Ф.М. Достоевского. Речь идет о критике Достоевским идейных корней и возможных последствий реализации программы переустройства общества, ориентированного исключительно на преобразование социальной среды бытия. В этом плане вызывает особый интерес притча о Великом инквизиторе в романе «Братья Карамазовы», которая предстает концентрацией ключевых идей упомянутых антиутопий. Главный урок парадигмальной антиутопии притчи Достоевского — опасность принудительного добра, стремления к реализации его «сверху», преобразования властной волей материальных условий универсальной для всех безопасности и сытости. В этой логике уловлен болевой нерв рационализма Нового времени в его стремлении к изменению мира. Исторический опыт подтверждает предупреждение Достоевского о том, что реализация такой программы требует перманентного насилия над природой, обществом, человеком. Искушению власти собственной властью может быть противопоставлена программа формирования гармонии социума без использования насилия, когда справедливость творится во имя сохранения этой гармонии, когда зло свидетельствует об отступлении от этого пути, о необходимости понять, что и как необходимо сделать, чтобы вернуться на путь гармонии и добра. В этой ситуации нравственной оценке подлежат не цели, а средства, которые используются для достижения целей.
Finansal Krizin Denetçi İhtiyatlılığı Üzerine Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği
Authors: TERZİ Serkan , KIYMETLİ ŞEN İlker
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2007 yılında başlayan küresel finansal krizin Türkiye’de denetçi ihtiyatlılığı üzerine etkisinin incelenmesidir. Bu amaç için Borsa İstanbul’da 2005-2011 yılları arasında işlem gören 138 işletme analizde kullanılmıştır. Analizde kullanılan değişkenler, literatürdeki çalışmalardan seçilmiştir. Bu çalışmada finansal krizin denetçi ihtiyatlılığı üzerine etkisi olup olmadığını test etmek amacıyla lojistik regresyon modeli kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca, kriz öncesi (2005-2006) ile kriz dönemi (2008-2009) arasında ilişki olup olmadığını test etmek amacıyla da t-testi kullanılmıştır. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda literatürle uyumlu bir şekilde, denetçiler tarafından kriz döneminde süreklilikle ilgili daha ihtiyatlı davrandıkları, bu durumun kriz sonrasında (2010-2011) da devam ettiği görülmüştür. Ancak kriz sonrası süreklilikle ilgili görüşlerin kriz dönemine göre biraz daha esnediği tespit edilmiştir. Analize dahil edilen gözlemlerin kriz öncesi ve kriz dönemine göre aralarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark olup olmadıklarını tespit etmek için uygulanan t-testi sonucuna göre önemli bir farklılık olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca kriz dönemi ile kriz sonrası dönem arasında denetçilerin ihtiyatlılıkları açısından da istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Bunun yanında; piyasa değerinin doğal logaritması, toplam aktifin doğal logaritması, aktif karlılık oranı ile cari oran değişkenlerinin süreklilik değerlendirmesi açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca denetçi görüşünün dört büyük denetim firması tarafından verilip verilmemesi ise istatistiksel olarak anlamlı çıkmamıştır.
La teoría de la propiedad de Juan de Lugo como precedente de John Locke
Authors: San Emeterio Martín Nieves
Published: September 2021

Este artículo revisa la teoría de la propiedad de Juan de Lugo (1583-‍1660) para contrastarla con la que desarrolló más tarde John Locke en el Segundo tratado sobre el gobierno civil. La hipótesis que mantendremos aquí es que existen originales puntos en común entre la teoría de la propiedad de Lugo y Locke que bien no habían aparecido en los autores escolásticos precedentes o tan solo se habían sugerido. En concreto nos referiremos a tres aspectos: en primer lugar, la adscripción de la propiedad a la categoría de derecho natural; en segundo lugar, ambos consideran que el proceso de apropiación se produce a través del trabajo y, en tercer lugar, los dos autores rechazan la necesidad de consenso para esta apropiación. Por último, veremos los puntos de discrepancia en la teoría de la propiedad entre Locke y Lugo. Además este artículo contextualiza las aportaciones de Lugo sobre la propiedad tanto en la tradición escolástica como en el iusnaturalismo racionalista de Grocio y Pufendorf.
La Oficina Económica del presidente en el primer Gobierno de Zapatero (2004-2008): Precedentes, origen y alcance de una reforma impremeditada del centro presidencial español
Authors: Luque Castillo Francisco Javier , Ortega Ruiz Manuela
Published: September 2021

El objetivo principal de este artículo es evaluar el alcance de la conflictividad habida entre la Oficina Económica del Presidente y el ministro de Economía, durante el primer Gobierno de Zapatero (2004-‍2008). En este sentido nos preguntamos por qué creó Zapatero la Oficina Económica del Presidente, de qué manera la involucró en la toma de decisiones y cómo afectó esto a la autonomía del ministro Pedro Solbes. Para responder satisfactoriamente a las preguntas de investigación se ha combinado el análisis documental con la realización de entrevistas a individuos que, por su implicación directa o por su posición cualificada, podían proporcionar información relevante. Antes de presentar los resultados de la investigación, hacemos un balance de los estudios realizados hasta el momento en España sobre las estructuras de apoyo al presidente del Gobierno y encuadramos nuestras indagaciones a partir de las contribuciones realizadas previamente desde la ciencia política acerca del papel de los órganos de asesoramiento económico del presidente, la autonomía del responsable del Tesoro y las implicaciones de las reformas de los core executives. Los hallazgos realizados, coherentes con las ideas asentadas por la literatura especializada, nos permiten afirmar que la Oficina Económica del Presidente como producto impremeditado de la presidencialización solamente socavó la autonomía del titular de Economía de un modo puntual.
Un reformador del mundo: la representación proporcional en la correspondencia de John Stuart Mill (1859-1873)
Authors: Cortesi Sebastián
Published: September 2021

La representación de las minorías ocupa un lugar central en la reflexión de John Stuart Mill acerca del gobierno representativo. Debido a ello, el lugar de Mill en la historia de los modernos regímenes electorales es objeto de polémica en la historiografía intelectual reciente. El presente artículo busca intervenir en dicho debate al argumentar que Mill ocupó un rol fundamental en el surgimiento de los sistemas electorales proporcionales. Además de proporcionar sólidos argumentos teóricos, Mill desplegó una verdadera campaña internacional a favor de la adopción de estos novedosos arreglos institucionales. Para demostrarlo, el artículo explora en profundidad su correspondencia personal, así como también otras fuentes primarias.
Editor's Introduction to Volume 6, Issue 1
Authors: Donnermeyer Joseph F. , Harkness Alistair
Published: September 2021

No abstract available.
Exploring the farming and waste disposal nexus in the UK: Towards a typology of 'Environmental Criminals'
Authors: Smith Robert
Published: September 2021

The farming Industry and rural locations are increasingly being targeted by predatory environmental criminals but as will be demonstrated there is also an insider element to environmental crimes. Such criminal activities pose an environmental challenge and require creative solutions. Indeed, the notion of the farmer as an environmental criminal is a contentious addition to the typology of rural criminals. Traditionally, environmental crime was an overlooked and under researched category of criminology, primarily because 'farmers' as a genre were treated with an elevated level of societal respect in line with their 'idyllic' portrayal. They do not fit accepted social constructs and stereotypes of the urban based criminal fraternity. Consequentially, we heard little of the stereotype of the 'bad' farmer. Recent years have seen a rise in public interest and concern relating to ethical aspects of farming leading to a raising of public awareness. Farmers are no longer immune from criticism, nor prosecution. Using documentary research methods this study reports on several high-profile cases at the nexus and reveals an updated typology of rural environmental crimes and criminals.