bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Executive Views of Home Economists in Home Equipment and Related Industries
Authors: Michael Carol M.
Published: December 2010

This exploratory study focused on determining the views held by executives in the home equipment and related product industries in regard to home economists and their career advancement potential. Questionnaires were mailed to the executive supervisors of senior home economists in these industries. Usable responses represented 37 percent of the original population of executives surveyed and 49 percent of the identified companies in this group of industries. Paired t‐tests were used in data analysis. Statistically significant (p ≤.05) differences were found between the five qualities that executives said were necessary for advancement to upper company levels and the qualities used to describe business home economists: human relations, need for advancement, tolerance of uncertainty, creativity, and decision making. Other results showed that the majority of executives describe home economists as not likely to: take calculated risks, have knowledge of or use company politics, use informal company social networks, or have a mentor or sponsor. It was concluded that many executives within this industry have a generally positive image of home economists and believe that many home economists have more advancement potential than they are now realizing. Limited opportunities do exist for their advancement to upper company levels. In this paper, specific suggestions for improving advancement potential and implications for the profession are given.
Multiple and Integrated Paradigms of Design: A Case Study
Authors: Brent Ruth Stumpe
Published: December 2010

The purpose of this paper is to review theoretical orientations and to advance an understanding of systematic inquiry in the design field. Multiple paradigms are reviewed utilizing Ritzer's (1975) model of paradigms: social facts, social definition, and social behavior. Research questions are formulated that identify paradigms and theories utilized, orientations to problem solving within the larger academic design field, and connections for future program development. This descriptive, introspective case study builds upon the breadth of research and creative endeavor being conducted over a two‐year period in one environmental design program. Benefits are seen in rigorous integration of multiple paradigms in research/creative endeavor, teaching, and practice.
Kitchen Designers as Change Agents in Planning for Aging in Place
Authors: Guetzko Becky S. , White Betty Jo
Published: December 2010

This study was designed to examine how kitchen designers are addressing the special needs of mature clients and to assess designers' perceptions relative to the demand for kitchen features that facilitate aging in place. A questionnaire was mailed to a nationwide random sample of 600 Certified Kitchen Designers (CKDs). Respondents' recommendations for appliances, kitchen configuration, work surfaces and storage, features that compensate for reduced dexterity and low vision, and flooring generally followed literature recommendations. Although a vast majority of the designers indicated that kitchens are very important in determining whether an older person can remain independent, they infrequently incorporated “special” products or design features for mature clients. Conclusions about CKDs' effectiveness as change agents centered on their knowledge of specialized kitchen design; awareness of products that meet special needs; designs for individual special needs; age or disability‐specific marketing; and increased activity in promoting kitchen designs that enable older people to age in place.
Cohesion and Coherency in Group Analysis
Authors: Ezquerro Arturo
Published: December 2010

Before Pines, group analytic practitioners had emphasized the concept of cohesion as the main force in keeping the group together and, as such, a crucial therapeutic factor. Pines examined the concept of coherency in psychoanalysis as a key element in healthy human development. He innovatively applied to group analysis this concept of coherency as an organizing principle that enables higher levels of functioning, in contrast to the more primitive and undifferentiated group formations that are based on cohesion. The article uses clinical material from the author’s work to illustrate Pines’ ideas. The author made a clinical mistake, but he was able to reflect on and learn from his mistake. In turn, this therapeutic process enabled him to influence the group’s complex modus operandi: from one of cohesion to one of coherency.
‘Generative Identity’ and Diversity of Desire
Authors: Raphael-Leff Joan
Published: December 2010

In this article, some elusive early sources of desire are explored, stressing the dialogical nature of desire’s formation and the impossibility of its fulfilment. It is argued that emotional schemata and body-image are socially constructed, systematically filtered through others’ representations of desire. Furthermore, as inter-generational transmissions consist of unsymbolized affects—a child’s unconscious identifications retain implicit traces of the parent’s ‘contagious arousal’.

The author introduces her concept of ‘generative identity’, proposing a further psychic construction beyond one’s core gender sense of femaleness or maleness; beyond psychosocial feminine or masculine configurations and psychosexual articulation of erotic desire— of oneself as potential (pro)-creator. Generative identity pivots on acceptance of fundamental restrictions of gender, genesis, generation and generativity that puncture a toddler’s omnipotence. Reworked in adolescence, these are further linked to ‘genitive’ issues of arbitrariness, irreversibility and finitude. Through creative agency in psychoanalytic work and/or disciplined distillation of subsymbolic experience in Art, aspects of desire are generatively articulated. By contrast, some contemporary biotechnological actualisations bypass limitations and psychic work, rendering desire realisable, however farfetched the fantasy.
Use of renewable resources in making composites and their physico-chemical study
Authors: Koradiya SB , Adroja Pooja P , Parsania PH
Published: December 2010

Bisphenol-C epoxy polyester polyols of ricinoleic acid (EBCRA), linoleic acid (EBCLA), and oleic acid (EBCOA) and their toluene diisocyanate polyurethanes were prepared and used in making jute and jute—sugarcane husk sandwich composites by hand layup technique at 150°C and under 27.58 MPa pressure for 6 h. Jute composites (J-ECRAT, J-ECLAT, and J-ECOAT) showed 25—35 MPa tensile strength, 12—34 MPa flexural strength, 1.7—1.9 kV/mm electric strength, and 3.9—15 × 1012 Ω cm volume resistivity, while sandwich composites showed (J-ECRAT, J-ECLAT, and J-ECOAT) 9.6—21.9 MPa tensile strength, 17—60 MPa flexural strength, 1.7—2.6 kV/mm electric strength, and 3.3—490 × 1011 Ω cm. Composites possess excellent hydrolytic stability in water, 10% aqueous HCl, 10% aqueous NaCl solutions, and boiling water. Composites may find their usefulness in low load-bearing housing units, electrical and electronic appliances, and marine applications.
FRP-confined short concrete columns under compressive loading: experimental and modeling investigation
Authors: Ghernouti Youcef , Rabehi Bahia
Published: December 2010

This study introduces the results of an experimental investigation on the behavior of the circular columns of concrete under a load of axial compression, confined by an envelope of composite materials (carbon fiber and glass fiber). The composite used is a FRP glued in surface with epoxy resin. The specific objectives of this study are: verifying the applicability of this method of reinforcement of the columns to improve the behavior of concrete from the point of view strength and ductility, seeing the influence of composite materials type used, and confronting the experimental results acquired with different models developed on one hand and on the other hand with empirical formulas developed by other researches. Two models were developed to represent the structural behavior of the tested samples based on the calibration of the experimental results and criterion of Mohr—Coulomb failure. The validity of the results acquired numerically is based on a comparison with experimental results as well as with empirical formulas developed.
The construction of ethnic minority identity: A discursive psychological approach to ethnic self-definition in action
Authors: Merino María-Eugenia , Tileagă Cristian
Published: December 2010

The present article intends to examine how ethnic minority group members account for their ethnic identity as part of a series of interviews with young Mapuches on what it means to be Mapuche in contemporary Chilean society. The focus is on the actual accomplishment and display of ethnic self-definition and group identification. We draw on insights from discursive psychology to explore some features of common-sense practical reasoning that ethnic minority group members use to negotiate, self-ascribe or resist a particular sense of identity, and to produce observable and reportable identities. We have a particular interest in illustrating how ethnic self-definition can be seen as the contingent outcome of a practical and interpretive issue for members of society, with a special focus on how ethnic minority identity is constructed through the flexible use of group-defining attributes and characteristics, categories and common-sense categorial knowledge. We suggest that understanding the complex significance and meaning of ethnic self-definition for minority group members is dependent on engaging closely with its occasioned context of production and treating social identities as a feature of how people describe themselves. It is argued that this view of ethnic minority self-definition as a practical and interpretive issue and as a discursive product in action can provide a further contribution to literature of both discursive and intercultural studies of ethnic identification of minority groups, intercultural and interethnic relations.
A Systemic Perspective to Understanding Predictors of Therapeutic Goal Attainment for Adolescents in Crisis Residence
Authors: Balkin Richard S. , Casillas Carolina , Flores Serena , Leicht David J.
Published: December 2010

Family issues may be evident in adolescents with behavioral and emotional issues admitted to crisis residence. In this study, 120 adolescents admitted to crisis residence were evaluated using the Target Symptom Rating scale and the Goal Attainment Scale of Stabilization. Behavioral and emotional issues specific to adolescents’ capabilities toward achieving relevant therapeutic goals while in the crisis residence setting are identified and implications to family counseling and interventions are noted.
The Validity of the Relational Conflict Model
Authors: Bokar Laura , Sells James N. , Giordano Francesca , Tollerud Toni
Published: December 2010

This study focused on the relational conflict cycle within the relational restoration model proposed by Sells, Beckenbach, and Patrick. The model is drawn from contextual family theory, object relations theory, and the emotional focus theory. Participating couples (N = 215) completed a demographic questionnaire and four assessments measuring conflict, pain, defense, and injury. This study provides empirical evidence supporting the relational conflict model and contributes to the understanding of relational conflict processes. The significant findings have implications for both relational research and couples counseling.
Psychoeducation: A First Step to Understanding Infidelity-Related Systemic Trauma and Grieving
Authors: Dean Christian J.
Published: December 2010

Marriage and family counselors often encounter couples whose chief complaint is infidelity. Different models and interventions for couples working through the discovery of infidelity have been presented in the literature, which includes a vast array of articles addressing the interpersonal trauma associated with affairs; however, much of the literature presents a victim/offender model, which may not highlight systemic implications. Infidelity within relationships may also lead to grieving the idea of what the relationship was and what it represented. The systemic impact of the trauma-like and related grieving processes associated with infidelity is presented along with a case study to depict the application of a psychoeducational first step in the recovery process.
In Praise of Mortality: Impermane and Intimacy
Authors: Southern Stephen
Published: December 2010

Fear of death and losses in life contribute to withdrawal from the world and lack of knowledge about oneself. Finding one’s place in the world is facilitated by appreciating impermanence, immersing oneself in nature, and becoming fully present in intimate relationships. This reflection integrates literature and poetry to explore the challenges and opportunities presented by impermanence.
Criminal Offending Among Respondents to Protective Orders: Crime Types and Patterns That Predict Victim Risk
Authors: Jordan Carol E. , Pritchard Adam J. , Duckett Danielle , Charnigo Richard
Published: December 2010

Research has shown that respondents to protective orders have robust criminal histories and that criminal offending behavior often follows issuance of a protective order. Nonetheless, the specific nature of the association between protective orders and criminal offending remains unclear. This study uses two classes of statistical models to more clearly delineate that relationship. The models reveal factors and characteristics that appear to be associated with offending and protective order issuance and provide indications about when a victim is most at risk and when the justice system should be most ready to provide immediate protection.
Party and gender in Western Europe revisited
Authors: Lilliefeldt Emelie
Published: December 2010

Scholars of women’s parliamentary presence have suggested that the proportion of women parliamentarians rests on the interaction between intra-party and party external conditions, and that these can be discussed in terms of necessity and sufficiency. Still, the field lacks systematic cross-case assessments of such relationships. This research takes an explorative approach to necessity, sufficiency and interaction in the field of gender and party. Using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis to study 57 individual West European parties, it demonstrates that party behaviour is a function of intra-party and party-external conditions. Furthermore, it shows that when the external factors are not present, parties are themselves able to achieve gender-balanced parliamentary delegations. The article reveals that there are several paths to gender balance, and that the absence of conditions sufficient for balance does not explain why parties do not become gender balanced.
The scientific and affective identification of Republican civilian victims from the Spanish Civil War
Authors: Renshaw Layla
Published: December 2010

This article addresses the concurrent processes of the scientific and affective identification of human remains, resulting from the excavation of mass graves from the Spanish Civil War. Affective identification refers to the reconstruction of locally meaningful identities, recognition amongst the living of affective bonds with the dead, and the emotions of mourning elicited in this process. Drawing on fieldwork in two rural communities in the Burgos region of Spain, it follows the exhumation of mass graves containing the human remains of local Republican civilians, victims of extrajudicial killings during the Spanish Civil War. The long time lapse between these deaths and current exhumations place these events on the boundaries of living memory, creating challenges for the investigative process. Widespread experiences of political repression during Spain’s dictatorship have resulted in a fractured transmission of memories of the dead, making the question of affective and familial bonds with the dead more complex for these communities.
Genetic variation in the renin—angiotensin system, use of renin—angiotensin system inhibitors and the risk of myocardial infarction
Authors: Maitland-van der Zee Anke-Hilse , van Wieren-de Wijer Diane BMA , de Boer Anthonius , Kroon Abraham A , de Leeuw Peter W , Schiffers Paul , Janssen Rob GJH , Psaty Bruce M , van Duijn Cornelia M , Stricker Bruno HCh , Klungel Olaf H
Published: December 2010

Introduction. This study investigated whether variation in the genes encoding for ACE, AGT and AGTR1 modifies the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) related to ACE inhibitors and AT II antagonists.

Methods. A nested case-control study among users of antihypertensive drugs, in whom the polymorphisms ACE-G4656C, ACE-T3892C, AGT-C235T and AGTR1-A1166C were genotyped.

Results. Among 613 cases and 3630 controls, the risk of MI was significantly lower among users of ACE inhibitors compared with that in users of other antihypertensives (adjusted OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.63—0.97). In patients using ACE inhibitors the largest risk reduction was found in patients carrying the ACE-4656-G allele (GC and GG genotypes) compared with patients carrying the CC genotype (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.53—0.86 and OR, 1.26, 95% CI, 0.78—2.02, respectively). The synergy index for this interaction was statistically significant (SI, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.35—0.95). The risk of MI was reduced in those who were current users of ACE inhibitors those who had been prescribed dosages lower than the equivalent of 1 defined daily dose (DDD) and those having the AGTR1-1166AC or AA genotype compared with that in users of ACE inhibitors with the AGTR1-1166CC genotype (SI, 3.67; 95% CI,1.18—11.4). None of the polymorphisms modified the effectiveness of AT II antagonists regarding the risk of MI.

Conclusion. This study shows an interaction between the use of ACE inhibitors and ACE-G4656C polymorphism, and in low doses also with AGTR1-A1166C polymorphism, in the prevention of MI.
Personal benefit, or benefiting others? Deciding whether to take part in clinical trials
Authors: Locock Louise , Smith Lorraine
Published: December 2010

Background Participation in clinical trials is critical for the success of evidence-based healthcare. Much previous research suggests that people take part in clinical trials mostly for altruistic reasons, and that deriving personal benefit is a secondary consideration.

Purpose To investigate patients’ reasons for deciding whether to take part in clinical trials and the extent to which personal benefit may be a motivating factor.

Methods A qualitative study utilizing in-depth semi-structured interviews. Participants were 42 men and women who had been asked to participate in clinical trials testing a range of interventions in different conditions, including some who did not participate or withdrew. Trials were based in either primary or secondary care. Interviews were conducted at home.

Results Reasons for taking part were complex and a wide variety of personal considerations were evident. Gaining some personal benefit emerged as an important primary motivation in this group of respondents, whereas altruistic considerations appeared to be largely subsidiary. People who decided not to take part were also mainly concerned about the balance of personal risk and benefit.

Limitations Public dissemination of the results may have influenced participants’ responses.

Conclusions Achieving target sample sizes for clinical trials may be enhanced by an understanding of what is likely to motivate patients to take part. In this study, respondents identified a range of attractive benefits, such as care in a specialist team with expert staff, active engagement in their health monitoring or care, more frequent or intensive monitoring, and information about the latest research into their condition.
Testing G-CSF responsiveness predicts the individual susceptibility to infection and consecutive treatment in recipients of high-dose chemotherapy
Authors: Straka Christian , Sandherr Michael , Salwender Hans , Wandt Hannes , Metzner Bernd , Hübel Kai , Silling Gerda , Hentrich Marcus , Franke Daniel , Schwerdtfeger Rainer , Freund Mathias , Sezer Orhan , Giagounidis Alexander , Ehninger Gerhard , Grimminger Wolfgang , Engert Andreas , Schlimok Günter , Scheid Christof , Hellmann Peter , Heinisch Harald , Einsele Hermann , Hinke Axel , Emmerich Bertold
Published: December 2010

The individual risk of infection and requirements for medical treatment after high-dose chemotherapy have been unpredictable. In this prospective, multicenter, open-label study we investigated the potential of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) responsiveness as a predictor. A total of 168 patients with multiple myeloma or lymphoma received a single dose of subcutaneous G-CSF (lenograstim, 263 μg) after high-dose chemotherapy. Highly variable leukocyte peaks were measured and grouped as low (quartile 1; leukocytes 100-10 100/μL), medium (quartile 2; leukocytes > 10 100-18 300/μL), and high (quartiles 3/4; leukocytes > 18 300-44 800/μL). G-CSF responsiveness (low vs medium vs high) was inversely correlated with febrile neutropenia (77% vs 60% vs 48%; P = .0037); the rate of infection, including fever of unknown origin (91% vs 67% vs 54%; P < .0001); days with intravenous antibiotics (9 vs 6 vs 5; P < .0001); and antifungal therapy (P = .042). In multivariate analysis, G-CSF responsiveness remained the only factor significantly associated with infection (P = .016). In addition, G-CSF responsiveness was inversely correlated with grade 3/4 oral mucositis (67% vs 33% vs 23%; P < .0001). G-CSF responsiveness appears as a signature of the myeloid marrow reserve predicting defense against neutropenic infection after intensive chemotherapy. This study is registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01085058.
Dysregulation of CD4+CD25+CD127lowFOXP3+ regulatory T cells in HIV-infected pregnant women
Authors: Kolte Lilian , Gaardbo Julie C. , Karlsson Ingrid , Sørensen Anna Louise , Ryder Lars P. , Skogstrand Kristin , Ladelund Steen , Nielsen Susanne D.
Published: December 2010

Pregnancy represents a major challenge to immunologic tolerance. How the fetal “semiallograft” evades maternal immune attack is unknown. Pregnancy success may involve alteration of both central (thymic) and peripheral tolerance mechanisms. HIV infection is characterized by CD4+ T-cell depletion, chronic immune activation, and altered lymphocyte subsets. We studied immunologic consequences of pregnancy in 20 HIV-infected women receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and for comparison in 16 HIV-negative women. Lymphocyte subsets, thymic output, and cytokine profiles were measured prospectively during pregnancy and postpartum. A significant expansion of CD4+CD25+CD127lowFoxP3+ regulatory T cells indicating alteration of peripheral tolerance was seen during second trimester, but only in HIV-negative women. HIV-infected women had lower CD4 counts, lower thymic output and Th-2 cytokines, and more immune activation at all time points compared with controls. Immune activation was decreased in HIV-infected patients during pregnancy. In contrast, CD4 counts were increased in both groups. In conclusion, the study does not indicate that pregnancy adversely affects the immunologic course of HIV infection. However, despite HAART during pregnancy, HIV-infected women display different immunologic profiles from HIV-negative women, which may have importance for the induction of fetal-maternal tolerance and in part explain the increased risk of abortion in HIV-infected women.
Genealogies of Translation Theory: Jerome
Authors: Venuti Lawrence
Published: December 2010

This article offers a historical examination and ideological critique of Jerome's famous Letter to Pammachius (395 CE), exploring its complex relations to the Roman translation tradition, on the one hand, and to an emerging Christian tradition, on the other hand, with examples taken from the New Testament and Jerome's own translating. Jerome's letter is the most influential statement of what can be called the instrumental model of translation, the notion that translation is the reproduction or imitation of an invariant contained in or caused by the source text. Attention is given to modern theoretical developments like Eugene Nida's concept of dynamic equivalence. The aim is to formulate and argue for the comprehensiveness and ethical value of a hermeneutic model, the notion that translation is a variable interpretation that is culturally and historically contingent. The ethics of translation proposed here draws on the work of the French philosopher Alain Badiou.
Translation Is/as Play
Authors: Barbarese J. T.
Published: December 2010

Writers and poets who turn to translation may do so more out of self-interest than a sense of indebtedness, and the emphasis on translation as playful homage, among the permanent debts to modernism, along with the gradual disappearance of the institutional study of foreign languages, has collapsed the distinction between the original and the rendition. One of the liveliest contradictions in modernism is how it reasserted the value of the past and yet seemed willing to invest the responsibility for its preservation in poets, who are probably the least sensitive to any originality beyond their own.
Is Zarathustra No Longer a Scholar? The Future of Philology
Authors: Logan Marie-Rose
Published: December 2010

In 1872, The Birth of Tragedy appeared and almost immediately gave rise to one of the greatest controversies and quarrels in the history of learning. Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff attacked Nietzsche's book with savage irony and narrow professional objections. Nietzsche's colleague and friend Erwin Rohde defended the book, as did the composer Richard Wagner. In this essay, I examine the major issues underlying the ideological assumptions of the classicists in the German tradition of the period. I also address the unprecedented originality of Nietzsche's work as it still affects the future of the philological imagination.
Imperial Eclecticism in Moby-Dick and Invisible Man: Literature in a Postcolonial Empire
Authors: Arac Jonathan
Published: December 2010

Drawing on Edward Said's method of “contrapuntal” criticism relating culture and empire, and also on Frank Kermode's understanding of the “classic” in relation to empire, this essay addresses two major American works a century apart to suggest a pattern that joins important American works with works from more recent postcolonial nations. Imperial eclecticism names the technique by which writers in a new national culture freely manipulate the materials of the larger “world” cultural heritage as a resource for innovation, as Melville does with Shakespeare and Ellison does with Dante, Eliot, and Melville. This, in turn, is related to the narrative mobility that makes so striking a feature of both works.
Drug treatment of scrub typhus
Authors: Rajapakse Senaka , Rodrigo Chaturaka , Fernando Sumadhya Deepika
Published: December 2010

Scrub typhus is a vector-borne disease caused by the pathogen Orientia tsutsugamushi. We review the published literature for evidence on drug treatment in scrub typhus. Doxycycline has a proven efficacy in several trials and a meta-analysis, although resistance has been documented in parts of northern Thailand. Macrolides are equally efficacious and have less adverse effects, but they are expensive. Azithromycin is the recommended drug in pregnancy and for children. Rifampicin is effective in areas where doxycycline resistance is present. Quinolones have shown some degree of efficacy but the evidence is scant. Most clinical evidence on drug treatment is from cases of mild-to-moderate scrub typhus. Further study is needed on the efficacy of different antibiotics in the treatment of severe, life-threatening scrub typhus.
Life and Death of a Child With Down Syndrome and a Congenital Heart Condition: Experiences of Six Couples
Authors: Reilly Deirdre , Huws Jaci , Hastings Richard , Vaughan Frances
Published: December 2010

Individuals with Down syndrome are at increased risk of congenital heart conditions (CHCs), and mortality is higher in people with Down syndrome and a CHC than those without (J. C. Vis et al., 2009). As a consequence, parents of children with Down syndrome and a CHC are more likely to outlive their child. In this research, semistructured interviews were used to explore the experiences of 6 couples whose child with Down syndrome and a CHC had died. The interviews were analyzed qualitatively using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), and 4 themes emerged: dilemmas associated with the dual diagnosis; treatment decisions during the life and the death of their child (“We had to make a decision”); ways couples coped when bereaved (“We weren't really going through it together”); and ripples from the child's life. There was a high degree of similarity of experience within couples. Differences between couples existed in their experiences of coping and supporting each other. Practical implications include the importance of considering the specific needs of couples, individuals, and fathers within partnerships.
Introduction
Authors: Hoagland Alison K.
Published: December 2010

Once designated, historic districts are often more noted for their architecture, due to legal requirements and aesthetic concerns, than their history, which can be difficult to convey to the public. This article sets forth the administrative structure of historic districts in the U.S. and introduces several papers that deal thoughtfully with the various issues raised by how history is and can be conveyed in historic districts.
Adventures in Public History
Authors: Hochschild Adam
Published: December 2010

The author surveys three times and places where the public history of certain events has changed radically over time. The mass killings and arrests of the Stalinist Soviet Union were deliberately ignored for decades afterwards, then drew intense attention in the Gorbachev years. The end of British Empire slavery was for a century or more ascribed to British virtue and generosity; today we pay far more attention to the role of slave revolts. And Belgium officially ignored the murderous slave labor regime King Leopold II imposed on the Congo in the late nineteenth century until the last decade or so.
Maxillary Sinus Augmentation With Autogenous Tibial Bone Graft as an In-Office Procedure
Authors: Peysakhov Dmitry , Ferneini Elie M. , Bevilacqua Richard G.
Published: December 2010

This retrospective study evaluates the efficacy of maxillary sinus grafting using autologous tibial bone in an outpatient setting. Twenty-seven patients undergoing lateral proximal tibial bone graft with subsequent sinus lifts were involved in this study. All surgeries were performed by the same surgeon in a private practice setting. A total of 28 tibial bone grafts and sinus lifts were performed on 27 patients. All subjects had minimal morbidity without any major complications. At the 1-year follow-up all implants that were placed into the grafted sites maintained stability, and no implants were lost. Two patients complained of hypertrophic scars at the site of bone harvesting (7.4%). One patient complained of leg pain for 10 weeks after the procedure, which resolved completely (2.7%). Overall complication rate was 10.1%. We conclude that the surgical harvesting of proximal tibial bone is associated with a low incidence of overall complications, mild postoperative pain, relative ease of harvest, minimal operative time, immediate ambulation, and rapid recovery, which make it an ideal office procedure when a significant amount of corticocancellous bone is required for maxillary sinus grafting.
Utilização dos sistemas de informação em saúde em municípios gaúchos de pequeno porte
Authors: Vidor Ana Cristina , Fisher Paul Douglas , Bordin Ronaldo
Published: December 2010

OBJETIVO: Descrever o uso dos sistemas de informação em saúde em cidades com menos de 10 mil habitantes. MÉTODOS: Estudo realizado no estado do Rio de Grande do Sul, entre 2003 e 2004. Foi enviado um questionário auto-aplicável a gestores dos municípios, contendo 11 questões de escolha simples, três de escolha múltipla e três abertas, sobre a estrutura disponível, utilização das informações, indicadores valorizados e satisfação com os sistemas. O questionário foi respondido por gestores de 127 (37,7%) dos municípios gaúchos com menos de 10 mil habitantes. As respostas foram tabuladas em planilha eletrônica e a diferença entre municípios respondentes e não-respondentes foi avaliada pelo teste qui-quadrado, considerando-se significativo p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Todos os municípios dispunham de computadores (média de três por município) e 94% tinham acesso à Internet. Os responsáveis pela alimentação e análise dos sistemas de informação eram funcionários estatutários (59%) que acumulavam outras tarefas. Os sistemas mais utilizados relacionavam-se a controle orçamentário e repasse de verbas. Em 59,1% dos municípios havia análise dos dados e geração de informações utilizadas no planejamento local. Os indicadores citados como importantes para o planejamento local foram os mesmos utilizados na pactuação com o Estado, mas houve dificuldade de compreensão dos termos "indicadores" e "dados estatísticos". Apenas 4,7% estavam plenamente satisfeitos com as informações obtidas dos sistemas de informação em saúde. CONCLUSÕES: Duas realidades coexistem: municípios que percebem a alimentação dos sistemas de informação em saúde como tarefa a ser cumprida por ordem dos níveis centrais, em contraposição a municípios que visualizam o potencial desses sistemas, mas têm dificuldades em sua utilização.
Impact of academic exposure on health status of university students
Authors: Brandão Maria Piedade , Pimentel Francisco Luís , Cardoso Margarida Fonseca
Published: December 2010

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of academic life on health status of university students. METHODS: Longitudinal study including 154 undergraduate students from the Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal, with at least two years of follow-up observations. Sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics were collected using questionnaires. Students' weight, height, blood pressure, serum glucose, serum lipids and serum homocysteine levels were measured. Regression analysis was performed using linear mixed-effect models, allowing for random effects at the participant level. RESULTS: A higher rate of dyslipidemia (44.0% vs. 28.6%), overweight (16.3% vs. 12.5%) and smoking (19.3% vs. 0.0%) was found among students exposed to the academic life when compared to freshmen. Physical inactivity was about 80%. Total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, and physical activity levels were significantly associated with gender (p<0.001). Academic exposure was associated with increased low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (about 1.12 times), and marginally with total cholesterol levels (p=0.041). CONCLUSIONS: High education level does not seem to have a protective effect favoring a healthier lifestyle and being enrolled in health-related areas does not seem either to positively affect students' behaviors. Increased risk factors for non-transmissible diseases in university students raise concerns about their well-being. These results should support the implementation of health promotion and prevention programs at universities.
Validade preditiva de instrumento para identificação do idoso em risco de hospitalização
Authors: Dutra Michel Machado , Moriguchi Emilio Hideyuki , Lampert Melissa Agostini , Poli-de-Figueiredo Carlos Eduardo
Published: December 2010

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a validade de predição do Instrumento de Predição de Risco de Admissão Hospitalar Repetida da hospitalização de idosos. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte de base populacional com seguimento de seis meses com 515 idosos (> 60 anos de idade) não-institucionalizados, atendidos pela Estratégia Saúde da Família na cidade de Progresso, RS, em 2005. Os idosos responderam a oito perguntas objetivas, que foram reunidas em modelo de regressão logística para estimar seu risco de admissão hospitalar futura, por estratos de risco. Análise de sobrevida e a curva Receiver Operating Characteristics foram empregadas para aferir a validade do instrumento. RESULTADOS: Dos entrevistados, 56,1% eram mulheres e 10,1% foram hospitalizados. O grupo de risco alto teve freqüência de internação hospitalar 6,5 vezes superior em relação ao grupo de risco baixo. CONCLUSÕES: O instrumento é efetivo ao predizer o risco de hospitalização dos idosos atendidos pela Estratégia Saúde da Família do Sistema Único de Saúde.
Recommendations for folate intake in women: implications for public health strategies
Authors: Almeida Lana Carneiro , Cardoso Marly Augusto
Published: December 2010

Folate deficiency has been associated with anemia and other adverse outcomes in pregnancy such as neural tube defects. The current recommendations for prevention of such outcomes are difficult to achieve through diet only, and folic acid supplementation and food fortification are feasible public health strategies. However, it is necessary to determine the usual diet and supplement use among women of reproductive age, including an accurate assessment of other dietary micronutrients. In addition to the beneficial effects observed in randomized clinical trials, health risks to the population have also been widely evaluated and discussed in the scientific community: for a minority to benefit from fortification programs, many are exposed to high folic acid intake levels.
A new classification of foods based on the extent and purpose of their processing
Authors: Monteiro Carlos Augusto , Levy Renata Bertazzi , Claro Rafael Moreira , Castro Inês Rugani Ribeiro de , Cannon Geoffrey
Published: December 2010

This paper describes a new food classification which assigns foodstuffs according to the extent and purpose of the industrial processing applied to them. Three main groups are defined: unprocessed or minimally processed foods (group 1), processed culinary and food industry ingredients (group 2), and ultra-processed food products (group 3). The use of this classification is illustrated by applying it to data collected in the Brazilian Household Budget Survey which was conducted in 2002/2003 through a probabilistic sample of 48,470 Brazilian households. The average daily food availability was 1,792 kcal/person being 42.5% from group 1 (mostly rice and beans and meat and milk), 37.5% from group 2 (mostly vegetable oils, sugar, and flours), and 20% from group 3 (mostly breads, biscuits, sweets, soft drinks, and sausages). The share of group 3 foods increased with income, and represented almost one third of all calories in higher income households. The impact of the replacement of group 1 foods and group 2 ingredients by group 3 products on the overall quality of the diet, eating patterns and health is discussed.
Dietary recommendations: comparing dietary guidelines from Brazil and the United States
Authors: Sichieri Rosely , Chiuve Stephanie E. , Pereira Rosângela Alves , Lopes Aline Cristine Souza , Willett Walter C.
Published: December 2010

The Brazilian dietary guidelines are based in part on mainstream United States' recommendations, in spite of the criticisms and shortcomings of the American guidelines. In this paper, Brazilian food guidelines are summarized and discussed in comparison with the USA recommendations. American and Brazilian dietary recommendations are quite similar in many aspects, particularly those related to variety in the diet, the importance of physical activity and weight management. Different to American guidelines, those from Brazil advise people to choose fresh foods, to prefer healthier types of fat, to limit trans fat intake and to eat good sources of protein, but does not recommend the consumption of whole grains. Besides the challenges related to their implementation, indicators for the evaluation of the effectiveness of these guidelines should be established from the beginning, particularly those related to changes in dietary habits and the prevalence of obesity.
Development and validation of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ-Porto Alegre) for adolescent, adult and elderly populations from Southern Brazil
Authors: Henn Ruth Liane , Fuchs Sandra Costa , Moreira Leila Beltrami , Fuchs Flavio Danni
Published: December 2010

This study assessed the validity of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ-Porto Alegre), covering 135 food items, in comparison with the average of two consecutive 24-hour dietary recall questionnaires for adolescents, adults, and elderly who were randomly selected from a population-based survey. The Pearson correlation coefficients and cross-classification by quartiles of intake were used. The nutrients were log transformed and energy adjusted. The mean of adjusted de-attenuated correlation coefficient for adolescents was 0.44 and ranged from 0.18 (zinc) to 0.69 (folate) and for adult and elderly participants they were, respectively, 0.42, ranging from 0.16 (iron) to 0.73 (energy) and 0.52, ranging from 0.25 (vitamin E) to 0.84 (energy). The average classification percentage into the same or adjacent quartile for the two methods was 74.6% for adolescents, 74.9% for adults, and 81.2% for the elderly population. The FFQ showed fair relative validity for adolescents and adults, and may be used to study the dietary determinants of obesity and non-transmissible diseases in epidemiological surveys.
A comparison of three statistical methods applied in the identification of eating patterns
Authors: Cunha Diana Barbosa , Almeida Renan Moritz Varnier Rodrigues de , Pereira Rosângela Alves
Published: December 2010

This work aimed to compare the results of three statistical methods applied in the identification of dietary patterns. Data from 1,009 adults between the ages of 20 and 65 (339 males and 670 females) were collected in a population-based cross-sectional survey in the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Information on food consumption was obtained using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. A factor analysis, cluster analysis, and reduced rank regression (RRR) analysis were applied to identify dietary patterns. The patterns identified by the three methods were similar. The factor analysis identified "mixed", "Western", and "traditional" eating patterns and explained 35% of the data variance. The cluster analysis identified "mixed" and "traditional" patterns. In the RRR, the consumption of carbohydrates and lipids were included as response variables and again "mixed" and "traditional" patterns were identified. Studies comparing these methods can help to inform decisions as to which procedures best suit a specific research scenario.
Assessing food dietary intakes in Japanese-Brazilians using factor analysis
Authors: Gimeno Suely Godoy Agostinho , Andreoni Solange , Ferreira Sandra Roberta Gouvea , Franco Laércio Joel , Cardoso Marly Augusto
Published: December 2010

We describe the use of factor analysis for assessing food habits in Japanese-Brazilians. Dietary data from 1,283 participants of a cross-sectional study were used. Besides statistical criteria, we also used the conceptual meaning of identified profiles to obtain scores for dietary patterns (Japanese or Western profile). Paired Student t test, linear regression and Poisson models were used to verify the existence of relationship between these scores and generation, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and presence of metabolic syndrome, respectively. First generation subjects had higher mean Japanese profile scores and lower Western profile scores than those of second generation. The Western dietary pattern was associated with BMI (p = 0.001), waist circumference (p = 0.023) and metabolic syndrome (p < 0.05). We concluded that these scores were able to discriminate subjects who maintained their traditional Japanese lifestyle or otherwise, and that the incorporation of a Western lifestyle is associated to high values of BMI, waist circumference and presence of metabolic syndrome.
Discrepancies among ecological, household, and individual data on fruits and vegetables consumption in Brazil
Authors: Claro Rafael Moreira , Jaime Patricia Constante , Lock Karen , Fisberg Regina Mara , Monteiro Carlos Augusto
Published: December 2010

Information on fruits and vegetables consumption in Brazil in the three levels of dietary data was analyzed and compared. Data about national supply came from Food Balance Sheets compiled by the FAO; household availability information was obtained from the Brazilian National Household Budget Survey (HBS); and actual intake information came from a large individual dietary intake survey that was representative of the adult population of São Paulo city. All sources of information were collected between 2002 and 2003. A subset of the HBS, representative of São Paulo city, was used in our analysis in order to improve the quality of the comparison with actual intake data. The ratio of national supply to household availability of fruits and vegetables was 2.6 while the ratio of national supply to actual intake was 4.0. The discrepancy ratio in the comparison between household availability and actual intake was smaller, 1.6. While the use of supply and availability data has advantages, as lower cost, must be taken into account that these sources tend to overestimate actual intake of fruits and vegetables.
Seasonal effect on nutrient intake in adults living in Southern Brazil
Authors: Rossato Sinara Laurini , Olinto Maria Teresa Anselmo , Henn Ruth Liane , Anjos Luiz Antonio dos , Bressan Ana Weigert , Wahrlich Vivian
Published: December 2010

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of seasonality on nutrient intake in healthy adults from the southernmost metropolitan area of Brazil. The dietary intake (24-hour dietary recall on six different days) in a sample of 162 adults (114 women), aged 20 to 69, was obtained during the year 2007. The nutrient intake was averaged for each season and adjusted for energy intake using the residual method. The effect of season on energy, macro and micro-nutrient intake was investigated based on the Generalized Estimate Equations (GEE) model. There were statistically significant differences between seasons for carbohydrate and total fat intake after controlling for gender, age, education, and interactions. In summer carbohydrate intake was higher than other seasons while the total fat intake was lower. These findings highlight the importance of considering seasonal variations not only for evaluating dietary intake but also nutrition and public health policy recommendations, particularly in adult populations living in temperate regions.
A leitura em língua estrangeira e os efeitos da frequência e da consistência do insumo lexical em L2
Authors: Zimmer Márcia C
Published: December 2010

Este trabalho investiga o papel da consistência e da frequência do input lexical na leitura em L2 de forma a destacar duas importantes características do conexionismo dinamicista na leitura: a combinação não-linear de restrições probabilísticas e a divisão de trabalho. Essas características são complementares e, juntas, explicam a alta interação observada em investigações baseadas na premissa de que o input é uma combinação rica de diferentes tipos de informação cujas tendências emergentes guiam a aquisição. Para ilustrar isso, são apresentadas evidências de dois estudos, que tratam: 1) da interação entre os efeitos da frequência e da consistência do input lexical na prevalência da assimilação vocálica durante uma tarefa de leitura de palavras com estudantes brasileiros de inglês; 2) do papel dos fonastemas na construção da compreensão textual em inglês (L2).