bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Periodontitis and Obesity: A Study of the Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Kim Eun‐Jin , Jin Bo‐Hyoung , Bae Kwang‐Hak
Published: November 2010

Background: The present study aims to determine whether there is an association between periodontitis and obesity among Korean adults who participated in the Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).

Methods: In 2007, 4,246 subjects, >19 years of age, who participated in the KNHANES (a cross‐sectional survey conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) were selected for analysis. Participants underwent a periodontal examination and anthropometric measurements, and were asked to complete a questionnaire about their socioeconomic status and overall health status. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were used as measures of overall body fat and upper body fat. Standard BMI and WC cutoff points were used, as established by the World Health Organization and the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity. Periodontal status was assessed by Community Periodontal Index and periodontitis was defined as ≥ “code 3.” Multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out, adjusting for the following variables: sex; age; household income; bedtime toothbrushing habits; use of dental floss; use of an interproximal toothbrush; presence of active tooth decay; the number of decayed, missing, or filled permanent teeth; diabetes mellitus; and present smoking status.

Results: In multivariate logistic regression analysis, there was no association between BMI and periodontitis. Obese people with BMI ≥25 had an adjusted odds ratio of 0.991 (0.806 to 1.220) for having periodontitis. But we found a significant association between abdominal obesity and periodontitis. After adjusting for all covariates, the adjusted odds ratio for periodontitis was 1.358 (confidence interval 1.003 to 1.839) for obese subjects.

Conclusions: A high WC seems to be associated with periodontitis, whereas BMI does not. This finding shows that abdominal obesity is significantly correlated with periodontitis.
Interaction Between Periodontal Disease and Systemic Secondary Amyloidosis: From Inflammation to Amyloidosis
Authors: Cengiz Murat İnanç , Yayla Nazır , Cengiz Kuddusi , Bagci Hasan , Taşkın Emre
Published: November 2010

Background: It has become increasingly clear in recent years that periodontal disease can cause a dramatic increase in the levels of markers of systemic inflammation, and that periodontal treatment can result in reduction in the levels of these markers. We have previously shown that the prevalence of moderate to severe periodontitis was significantly higher in patients with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) with amyloidosis than in patients with FMF without amyloidosis. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate if chronic periodontitis is associated with secondary amyloidosis in the Black Sea region of Turkey.

Methods: A total of 112 patients with biopsy‐proven secondary amyloidosis (59 patients with FMF, 40 patients who were either chronically infected or had malignant disease, 13 patients with periodontitis) and 22 healthy subjects, were included in this study. Periodontal health and disease were evaluated using gingival index (GI), papillary bleeding index (PBI), plaque index (PI), and periodontal disease index (PDI). The concentrations of serum acute phase reactants (APRs) were measured at baseline and at 4 to 6 weeks after completion of the non‐surgical periodontal therapy.

Results: The prevalence of moderate to severe periodontitis was 47.5% in patients with FMF, 72.5% in patients who were either chronically infected or had malignant disease, and 84.6% in patients with periodontitis. Serum levels of APRs in patients with amyloidosis were reduced significantly after non‐surgical periodontal therapy (P <0.01).

Conclusions: Periodontitis can increase the levels of APRs and potentiate the development of amyloidosis either by themselves or association with traditional factors, such as FMF and other chronic inflammatory diseases. Thus, preventing or treating periodontitis might prevent or at least alleviate the progression of amyloidosis. Periodontal evaluation should be performed as part of a medical assessment and considered as an etiologic factor for secondary amyloidosis.
Effect of organic compounds on nitrite accumulation during the nitrification process for coking wastewater
Authors: Li H. B. , Cao H. B. , Li Y. P. , Zhang Y. , Liu H. R.
Published: November 2010

Coking wastewater is one of the most toxic industrial effluents since it contains high concentrations of ammonia and toxic organic compounds. Nitrification might be upset by the inhibitory effect of organic compounds during the biological treatment of the wastewater. In this study, shortcut nitrification was obtained in a sequencing batch bioreactor (SBR) and the inhibitory effect of organic compounds on the nitrification was examined when temperature was 30±1°C, pH was 7.0–8.5, and dissolved oxygen concentration was 2.0–3.0 mg L−1. The inhibitory effect of organic compounds was presumed to be one of the main factors to obtain satisfactory nitrite accumulation. The effect of organic compounds on nitrification was examined in the SBR with initial inhibitor concentrations ranging from 0 to 80 mg L−1, including phenol, pyrocatechol, resorcin, benzene, quinoline, pyridine and indole. The inhibitory effect became stronger with the increase in the concentration, and it was presumed to take place through a direct mechanism resulting from biological toxicity of the inhibitor itself. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect on ammonia oxidation was slighter than that on nitrite oxidation, and the nitrite accumulation ratio during the nitrification was determined by the difference between the reaction rates of above two processes.
Enhanced removal of Hg(II) from acidic aqueous solution using thiol-functionalized biomass
Authors: Chai Liyuan , Wang Qingwei , Li Qingzhu , Yang Zhihui , Wang Yunyan
Published: November 2010

Spent grain, the low-cost and abundant biomass produced in the brewing industry, was functionalized with thiol groups to be used as an adsorbent for Hg(II) removal from acidic aqueous solution. The adsorbents were characterized by the energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Optimum pH for Hg(II) adsorption onto the thiol-functionalized spent grain (TFSG) was 2.0. The equilibrium and kinetics of the adsorption of Hg(II) onto TFSG from acidic aqueous solution were investigated. From the Langmuir isotherm model the maximum adsorption capacity of TFSG for Hg(II) was found to be 221.73 mg g−1, which was higher than that of most various adsorbents reported in literature. Moreover, the adsorption of Hg(II) onto TFSG followed pseudo-second-order kinetic model.
High performance RO membranes for desalination and wastewater reclamation and their operation results
Authors: Henmi M. , Fusaoka Y. , Tomioka H. , Kurihara M.
Published: November 2010

Reverse osmosis (RO) membrane is one of the most powerful tools for solving the global water crisis, and is used in a variety of water treatment scenes such as drinking water purification, waste-water treatment, boiler feed water production, ultra pure water production for semiconductor industry, etc. The desired performance of RO membrane varies according to quality of feed water being treated, and Toray has been developing RO membranes with suitable characteristic for each operating condition. RO membranes for seawater desalination and wastewater reclamation are especially regarded as most promising targets. Recently, high boron removal and energy saving RO membrane for seawater desalination and low fouling RO membrane for wastewater reclamation have been developed. In this paper, the prospect of attaining these renovative RO membrane, and furthermore, job references will be discussed.
Different approaches for modelling of sewer caused urban flooding
Authors: Obermayer A. , Guenthert F. W. , Angermair G. , Tandler R. , Braunschmidt S. , Milojevic N.
Published: November 2010

The correct prediction of flooding in urban areas is an important challenge to secure the values and fulfil public regulations. Traditional sewer simulations deliver the basic information for a rudimental flood protection, but the interaction between sewer and surface runoff can only be considered by a bi-directional modelling. Therefore detailed information about the relevant structures on the surface is necessary, which can partially be delivered by airborne laser scan data. This data have to be refined to get as detailed information about the endangered areas as possible. But the plenitude of information leads to high requirements on computer capacity and performance. This paper shows different approaches to predict the sewer caused flooding in urban areas. The approaches have been checked on two testing areas in Germany and the developed tool will be implemented in a commercial software system soon. This approaches, which partially base on each other, make a stepwise refinement of the model and narrowing of the affected areas possible. The developed algorithms to thin the digital terrain model and the well proven method to parallelize the calculation on more than one processing units secure an effective calculating process.
Pilot scale evaluation on ferric floc sludge concentration with pelleting flocculation blanket process
Authors: Ting-lin Huang , Gang Zhang , Ning Guo , Wen-jie He , Hong-da Han , Zhan-peng Li
Published: November 2010

Pelleting flocculation blanket (PFB) process has been successfully applied to high turbidity suspensions for high efficient solid/liquid separation. In this paper, by using the PFB process, a dynamic experimental study was carried out on concentrating ferric flocs sludge with a scale of 1.3–5.4 m3/h. The pilot experiment aimed to optimize the conditioning system and determine the operational parameters. Under the raw sludge concentrations of 103–1,154 mg/L, the system could achieve ideal conditioning effect with polyacrylamide (PAM) dosages of 0.3–2.7 mg/L, agitation speed of 10 rpm, and water up-flow rates of 18–48 m/h. Under the experimental conditions, the increase of polymer dosage would improve effluent turbidity and pellets settling behaviour, the moderate up-flow rate had no marked effect on treatment results, while too large surface loading could worsen effluent turbidity. The experimental results also revealed that there existed an approximately linear relationship between the raw sludge concentration and optimum PAM dosage, that is, the optimum dosage of PAM increased synchronously as the raw sludge concentration increased. While the relationship between the raw sludge concentration and maximum up-flow rate reflected another linear dependence, namely, the maximum up-flow rate would decreased linearly as the raw sludge concentration increased.
Advanced treatment of WWTP effluent with filtration leading to a pretreatment technique for membrane filtration
Authors: Scherrenberg S. M. , te Kloeze A. M. , Janssen A. N. , van Nieuwenhuijzen A. F. , Menkveld H. W. H. , Bechger M. , van der Graaf J. H. J. M.
Published: November 2010

In 2000 the European Union introduced the Water Framework Directive (WFD). The aim of the WFD is having an ecological and chemical balance for all surface waters in Europe in 2015. The European Commission identified 33 priority substances and their maximum allowable concentrations, FHI-values (Fraunhofer Institute), which are specified in the Annex of the WFD. The objective of this research is to achieve the removal of suspended solids, nitrogen and total phosphorus together with priority substances. All these substances will be removed in one filter called a “One Step Total Effluent Polishing filter” i.e. 1-STEP® filter. For this purpose a filter pilot plant was tested at the WWTP Horstermeer. The results show that the filter can fulfil the target values in the filtrate water for total nitrogen (2.2 mg Ntotal/L) and total phosphorus (0.15 mg Ptotal/L). The majority of the priority (hazardous) substances in the WWTP effluent are already below the detection limit. Due to the low concentration ranges, the results on the removal of medicine and pesticides are only indicative. A decreasing tendency in the removal efficiency is shown for all measured compounds. The average specific ultrafiltration resistance (SUR) value decrease of the filter is 55% and the final value is always below 5·1012 m−2. This indicates that the filtrate water of the filter is very well filterable and can be used as ultrafiltration feedwater.
Aerobic TCE degradation by encapsulated toluene-oxidizing bacteria, Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus spp.
Authors: Kim Seungjin , Bae Wookeun , Hwang Jungmin , Park Jaewoo
Published: November 2010

The degradation rates of toluene and trichloroethylene (TCE) by Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus spp. that were encapsulated in polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers were evaluated in comparison with the results of exposure to suspended cultures. PEG monomers were polymerized together with TCE-degrading microorganisms, such that the cells were encapsulated in and protected by the matrices of the PEG polymers. TCE concentrations were varied from 0.1 to 1.5 mg/L. In the suspended cultures of P. putida, the TCE removal rate decreased as the initial TCE concentration increased, revealing TCE toxicity or a limitation of reducing power, or both. When the cells were encapsulated, an initial lag period of about 10–20 h was observed for toluene degradation. Once acclimated, the encapsulated P. putida cultures were more tolerant to TCE at an experimental range of 0.6–1.0 mg/L and gave higher transfer efficiencies (mass TCE transformed/mass toluene utilized). When the TCE concentration was low (e.g., 0.1 mg/L) the removal of TCE per unit mass of cells (specific removal) was significantly lower, probably due to a diffusion limitation into the PEG pellet. Encapsulated Bacillus spp. were able to degrade TCE cometabolically. The encapsulated Bacillus spp. gave significantly higher values than did P. putida in the specific removal and the transfer efficiency, particularly at relatively high TCE concentration of approximately 1.0±0.5 mg/L. The transfer efficiency by encapsulated Bacillus spp. in this study was 0.27 mgTCE/mgToluene, which was one to two orders of magnitude greater than the reported values.
Is strategic asset management applicable to small and medium utilities?
Authors: Alegre Helena
Published: November 2010

Urban water infrastructures provide essential services to modern societies and represent a major portion of the value of municipal physical assets. Managing these assets rationally is therefore fundamental for the sustainability of the services and to the economy of societies. “Asset Management” (AM) is a modern term for an old practice—assets have always been managed. In recent years, significant evolution occurred in terms of the AM formal approaches, of the monitoring and decision support tools and of the implementation success cases. However, most tools developed are too sophisticated and data seek for small utilities. The European R&D network COST Action C18 ( www.costc18.org) identified key research problems related to the management of urban water infrastructures, currently not covered by on-going projects of the European Framework Program. The top 1 topic is “Efficient management of small community”. This paper addresses challenges and opportunities for small and medium utilities with regard to infrastructure AM (IAM). To put this into context, the first sections discuss the need for IAM, highlight key recent developments, and present IAM drivers, as well as research and development gaps, priorities and products needed.
Experimental design applied to photo-Fenton treatment of highly methomyl-concentrated water
Authors: Micó María M. , Bacardit Jordi , Sans Carme
Published: November 2010

This work is focused on the study of the suitability of the photo-Fenton process as a pretreatment for water highly contaminated with a methomyl commercial formulation in Advanced Greenhouses devices. Initial concentrations of reagents and pesticide were evaluated according to a central composite experimental design, with methomyl depletion and biocompatibility of the final effluent as response functions. A triad of optimal operation conditions could be determined, [Met.]0=50 mg L−1, [H2O2]0=254 mg L−1 and [Fe2 + ]0=77 mg L−1 for the best elimination yield and an acceptable BOD5/COD value, and initial concentration of methomyl can be established as the most important parameter for the performance of the treatment due to the limitations that impose on the hydrogen peroxide doses in the presence of the excipients of the commercial formulation.
Continuous enzymatic treatment of 4-bromophenol initiated by UV irradiation
Authors: Meizler A. , Roddick F. A. , Porter N. A.
Published: November 2010

Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) can be used for the treatment of halogenated phenolic substances. In the presence of hydrogen peroxide phenols are oxidized to form polymers which undergo partial dehalogenation. However, when immobilized, the peroxidase is subject to inactivation due to blockage of the active sites by the growing polymers and to deactivation by elevated levels of hydrogen peroxide. When HRP immobilized on a novel glass-based support incorporating titanium dioxide is subjected to UV irradiation, hydrogen peroxide is produced and the nascent polymer is removed. In this work a reactor was constructed that utilized HRP immobilized on the novel support and the in situ production of hydrogen peroxide to treat 4-bromophenol as a model substrate. The system was operated for almost 17 hours with no apparent decline in activity.
Irrigation of eucalyptus plantation using treated bleached kraft pulp mill effluent
Authors: Rezende A. A. P. , de Matos A. T. , Silva C. M. , Neves J. C. L.
Published: November 2010

The use of treated pulp mill effluent on eucalyptus plantation appears to be an attractive option for plant nutrition and water supply. It also constitutes a supplementary treatment process and a final disposal option for the mill effluent. This study aimed at the investigation and evaluation of the effects of bleached kraft pulp mill treated effluent on three typical Brazilian soils used for eucalyptus plantation. The effluent was characterized and five different application rates, defined according to the load of sodium, were tested in controlled environment experiments (greenhouse). After effluent application over a six month period an increase in the salinity of the studied soils was observed, although no soil dispersion was detected. The low content of some nutrients in the treated effluent indicated the need for fertilizer complementation. In general, the best biomass productivity and plant growth results were obtained in fine textured soil at a loading rate of 6.49 t Na ha−1. The good response of the soil-plant system under different effluent application rates showed the feasibility for the eucalyptus irrigation if adequate management practices and monitoring are carried out.
Membrane technology for the future treatment of paper mill effluents: chances and challenges of further system closure
Authors: Simstich B. , Oeller H.-J.
Published: November 2010

The pressure on the European paper industry to further close its water circuits has increased significantly during the past decade. Since the technologies of the past can no longer meet the requirements of the future, new water treatment methods have become necessary. A constant rise in the interest in membrane technology expressed by the European paper industry confirms that in the future this method will evolve into a key technology for continued water savings. The publication provides an overview of current and future applications of membrane plants in the European paper industry. A range of technologies is briefly presented together with their advantages and drawbacks, and the economic potential of membrane use is discussed. Among other topics, the authors take a look at the utilization of membrane filtration for treating internal circulation water, partial flows containing coating colours, and biologically treated effluents. The technologies addressed include ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and membrane bioreactor technology. Possible recovery and treatment routes for the concentrates produced by the nanofiltration of biologically treated effluents are examined and evaluated.
Effects of Self-Paced Encoding and Practice on Age-Related Deficits in Binding Three Features
Authors: Kinjo Hikari
Published: November 2010

Although much literature suggests that the age-related decline in episodic memory could be due to difficulties in binding features of information, previous studies focused mainly on memory of paired associations rather than memory of multiple bound features. In reality, however, there are many situations that require binding multiple features together simultaneously. Thus, this three-part experimental study using a working memory task examined two fundamental questions: whether and how well older adults perform a working memory task that requires them to bind three features together (Experiment 1), and whether and how much older adults' memory of units of three bound features could be improved by self-paced encoding and 3 weeks practice (Experiments 2 & 3). The results indicated that although older adults performed as well as young adults in remembering one unit of three features, they showed a deficit in remembering two units, making more severe errors than young adults, and the difference between the two age groups increased when remembering three units. However, older adults improved their memory performance substantially by two means: self-paced encoding and practice. The former primarily shortened reaction times while the latter primarily improved memory accuracy. With self-paced encoding, older adults were also capable of binding at least three units during encoding. Thus, it is possible to assume that under an optimal encoding period, the age-related deficits occur probably not at encoding but at retention and/or retrieval.
Driving Under the Influence of Our Fathers
Authors: Hjalmarsson Randi , Lindquist Matthew J.
Published: November 2010

This paper uses data from the Stockholm Birth Cohort Study to document intergenerational associations in drunk driving between fathers and their children. The proportion of sons with a record of drunk driving is 2.3 times larger for sons whose fathers have a conviction for drunk driving than for sons whose fathers have not been convicted. For daughters, the proportion is 7.8 times larger. The average number of convictions is twice as large for sons whose fathers have a conviction for drunk driving than for sons whose fathers have not been convicted. For daughters, the average number of convictions is 15.3 times larger. We argue that these intergenerational associations in drunk driving have important implications for treatment strategies and public policy.
Policy Challenges in Light of the Emerging Phenomenon of Social Businesses
Authors: Gidron Benjamin
Published: November 2010

The paper focuses on the new phenomenon of social businesses and analyzes their unique attributes and their variegated contributions to those working in them and to society. Organizationally and conceptually, these hybrid entities can be placed between the non-profit and the business organization form as they are allowed to distribute profits but not to the owner/investor of the firm. The paper places such entities within the larger context of social enterprise and presents findings of a study conducted in Israel in 2009 on that phenomenon. The paper ends by analyzing the policy implications of these new developments and suggests that in order to promote social businesses and social enterprise in society, simultaneous intervention is needed on three aspects: the legal, the funding and the organizational support.
An Interview with Ambassador Andrew Young
Authors: Young Dennis R
Published: November 2010

Ambassador Andrew Young talks about the major policy issues of the day and how nonprofits can be more effective in the policy process and in addressing social needs.
Editor's Note
Authors: Young Dennis R
Published: November 2010

This note articulates the reasons we need a rigorous journal focused on the interface between public policy and the nonprofit sector. I am joined in this belief by the members of our editorial board who represent our institutional partners in this venture around the world.
Predicting the risk and diminishing the consequences of anastomotic leakage after anterior resection for rectal cancer
Authors: Moran B.J.
Published: November 2010

INTRODUCTION: Anastomotic leakage is one of the most serious early complications of any intestinal anastomosis. The morbidity and mortality are high and patients may be at increased risk of cancer recurrence. In colorectal surgery the risks are particularly high following low anterior resection. Factors which increase and decrease the risks are discussed. METHODS: A review of the main published risk factors for anastomotic leakage after anterior resection for rectal cancer together with the authors personal experience is reported. A review of a recent large randomized trial of a defunctioning stoma versus no stoma is outlined. RESULTS: The main factor influencing anastomotic leakage is the height of the anastomosis above the anal verge with the lower the anastomosis the higher the risk. All anastomoses within 7 cm of the anal verge are at increased risk which includes all patients who have had a total mesorectal excision. Neoadjuvant therapy (in particular long course radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy) increases the risk. Male sex, older age, smoking, alcohol in excess, short course radiotherapy, obesity, general fitness, immunosuppression have been reported in some series as increasing the risk. A temporary diverting stoma decreases the consequences of leakage and reduces the need for emergency re-operation. Anastomotic leakage is associated with an increased postoperative death rate, reoperative rates, need for a permanent stoma and possibly an increase in local recurrence and decreased cancer specific and overall survival. CONCLUSION: Anastomotic leakage is a serious early complication following surgery for rectal cancer. The height of the anastomosis and neoadjuvant therapy are the main predictors of an increased risk. A diverting stoma diminishes the consequences of risk and reduces the need for emergency re-operation.
Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging and transperineal sonography in the assessment of patients presenting primarily with evacuatory difficulty: A short position paper
Authors: Zbar A.
Published: November 2010

Patients presenting with primary evacuatory difficulty have a multiplicity of pelvic floor and perineal soft tissue anomalies. The radiological assessment of these patients requires modalities which monitor the dynamic interaction of pelvic organs during provocative manoeuvres such as straining and simulated defaecation. The advantages and disadvantages of these complementary modalities, (dynamic magnetic resonance imaging, dynamic transperineal sonography and dynamic 2- and 3-dimensional endoanal sonography) are provided in this position paper.
Report of a Case Receiving Full‐Arch Rehabilitation in Both Jaws Using Immediate Implant Loading Protocols: A 1‐Year Resonance Frequency Analysis Follow‐Up
Authors: Portmann Michael , Glauser Roland
Published: November 2010

Background:  Immediate occlusal implant loading has been documented as a viable treatment option for various indications. However, documentations related to full‐arch rehabilitation are usually limited to treatment of one jaw at a time, thereby leaving the opposing dentition unchanged. Furthermore, clinical documentation using traditional, well‐accepted measuring techniques may not be adequate when it comes to short‐term evaluation of the success or failure of implants subjected to immediate occlusal loading.

Purpose:  The purpose of this case report is to (1) present an implant stability follow‐up of a patient receiving an immediate, implant‐supported full‐arch rehabilitation in both jaws and (2) evaluate the patient's acceptance of this rehabilitation.

Materials and Methods:  A 68‐year‐old patient scheduled for implant treatment was selected for an immediate implant loading protocol in both jaws. During two surgical events 3 weeks apart, eight maxillary and four mandibular Brånemark System® Mk IV TiUniteTM fixtures (Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) were inserted and subsequently used to immediately support a cross‐arch fixed prosthesis in the maxilla and a bar‐retained overdenture in the mandible. Implant stability was recorded from the day of surgery periodically during a 1‐year follow‐up using resonance frequency analysis (RFA).

Results:  At the 1‐year follow‐up, based on clinical, RFA, and radiographic evaluations, all implants and the reconstructions were classified as successful. All maxillary implants showed a decrease in the implant stability quotient (ISQ) value from the measurement at the time of surgery to the first follow‐up, whereas two of four mandibular implants revealed an initial drop in stability. Irrespective of a specific ISQ level measured at implant surgery (ISQ range 53–74) and despite an initial decrease in stability, measurements recorded at the 12‐month follow‐up indicated similar stability levels for all maxillary implants (ISQ range 64–68) or the group of mandibular implants (ISQ range 72–75) but with a higher ISQ level for mandibular implants. Furthermore, the patient's acceptance of the immediate full‐arch rehabilitation in both jaws was high.

Conclusions:  The present case report demonstrates that a slightly staged approach for full‐arch rehabilitation in both jaws using immediate implant loading protocols is a realistic treatment option. Furthermore, RFA follow‐up indicates that immediately occlusally loaded implants placed in reduced bone quality and quantity are more prone to loose stability in the early healing period compared with implants placed in dense bone quality.
Scalloped Dental Implants: A Retrospective Analysis of Radiographic and Clinical Outcomes of 17 NobelPerfectTM Implants in 6 Patients
Authors: Nowzari Hessam , Chee Winston , Yi Klaus , Pak Mark , Chung Woun Ho , Rich Sandra
Published: November 2010

Background:  The scalloped dental implant (NobelPerfectTM, Nobel Biocare, Yorba Linda, CA, USA) is designed to biologically guide and facilitate interproximal bone remodeling during healing and to maintain bone height and papillae during functional loading. The design features of the scalloped implant include hard and soft tissue apposition areas, which are parallel to each other and mirror the cementoenamel junction. The hard tissue surface area is intended for osseointegration. The soft tissue surface area is meant to support the connective tissue zone and to provide a space for the subgingival margin of the restoration. Current literature on the clinical performance of the scalloped dental implant is limited.

Purpose:  The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the scalloped dental implant maintains interproximal bone and the overlying soft tissue.

Materials and Methods:  Radiographs for six patients (mean age 40.5 years) treated with 17 implants (NobelPerfect) were reviewed for an 18‐month follow‐up evaluation of bone response. Orthodontic movement and/or autogenous bone augmentation had been provided to obtain the best possible soft and hard tissue dimensions prior to implant placement. A surgical guide was used for an optimal implant placement. No surgical flap was reflected, and implants were placed a minimum of 2 mm and a maximum of 3 mm apical (midbuccally) to the most apical portion of the surgical guide. Final optimal rotational alignment was achieved in all cases by not exceeding 45 Ncm. Implants were immediately restored with provisional crowns. Photographic documentation provided the basis for analysis of papillary response. Radiographic change in the interproximal bone level was obtained by computer analysis (ImageJ for Windows, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD) by measuring the distance from the interproximal shoulder of the scalloped implant to the crest of the bone.

Results:  When the scalloped implants were placed adjacent to existing natural dentition, the average bone level at placement and at 6, 12, and 18 months was −1.7, −3.5, −3.8, and −3.9 mm, respectively, compared with −1.0, −3.6, −4.3, and −4.4 mm respectively, when placed adjacent to other scalloped implants. Papillae formation exhibited no differences from the configuration that typically results after placement of conventional dental implants. Moreover, bone loss around the scalloped implants was notably greater than that expected after traditional implant placement.

Conclusion:  This chart review of 17 scalloped implants, followed for 18 months, determined that the scalloped implant design resulted in bone loss that was more severe than that associated with properly placed conventional dental implants. Further, the design showed no evidence of exceptional capacity to increase or maintain soft tissue height.
Alkaline hydrolysis of brilliant green in mixed cationic surfactant systems
Authors: Olanrewaju Owoyomi , Ige Jide , Omopariola Soriyan
Published: November 2010

Kinetic measurements were performed for the alkaline hydrolysis of brilliant green — a triphenylmethane dye used as a model compound for probing micellar rate effects. This reaction was studied both in the presence of tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) and tetradecyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (TTPPBr) and also in binary mixtures of these surfactants at different mole fractions of each. All rate surfactant profiles were analyzed using the pseudo-phase model in order to obtain the regression parameters, including binding constants and rate constants in the micellar pseudo-phase. The reaction was catalyzed by both surfactants. The catalytic factor increases from about 10 for pure TTPPBr to about 38 for pure TTAB. Binding of BG to micellar surface is greater in pure TTAB than in pure TTPPBr but significantly reduced in the surfactant mixtures than in pure components. Reduction of the binding constant becomes more significant as the mole fraction of TTAB is increased in the mixture. The kinetic data have been analyzed in terms of models of Piszkiewicz and Raghavan-Srinivasan which are in good agreement.
Ascents of size less than d in compositions
Authors: Falah Maisoon , Mansour Toufik
Published: November 2010

A composition of a positive integer n is a finite sequence π1π2...πm of positive integers such that π1+...+πm = n. Let d be a fixed number. We say that we have an ascent of size d or more (respectively, less than d) if πi+1 ≥ πi+d (respectively, πi < πi+1 < πi + d). Recently, Brennan and Knopfmacher determined the mean, variance and limiting distribution of the number of ascents of size d or more in the set of compositions of n. In this paper, we find an explicit formula for the multi-variable generating function for the number of compositions of n according to the number of parts, ascents of size d or more, ascents of size less than d, descents and levels. Also, we extend the results of Brennan and Knopfmacher to the case of ascents of size less than d. More precisely, we determine the mean, variance and limiting distribution of the number of ascents of size less than d in the set of compositions of n.
Model of discrete dynamics of asset price relations based on the minimal arbitrage principle
Authors: Kostanjčar Zvonko , Hengster-Movrić Kristian , Jeren Branko
Published: November 2010

In this paper we present a deterministic and a probabilistic model of the dynamics of the price relations for a number of assets on the market. The formalism is based on the asset space introduced in a theory by Illinski. We derive, from an action functional for the system of price relations in that space, the corresponding difference equations, which constitute the deterministic description. Furthermore, we obtain the probability density function of the probabilistic model of market dynamics from the same action functional. The deterministic solution corresponds to a geometric sequence for the interest, whereas the derived probability density describes the probability of the next value of the price relations in dependence on their prior value. The formalism is completely developed for systems (markets) with two and three assets, but exactly the same approach is applicable to the systems consisting of an arbitrary number of assets.
Ab initio calculations of the atomic and electronic structure of MgF2 (011) and (111) surfaces
Authors: Vassilyeva Anna , Eglitis Robert , Kotomin Eugene , Dauletbekova Alma
Published: November 2010

The results of ab initio slab calculations of surface relaxations, rumplings and charge distribution for the different terminations of the MgF2 (011) and (111) polar surfaces are presented and discussed. We have employed the computer code CRYSTAL with the Gaussian basis set and the hybrid B3PW exchange-correlation functional. Despite the ionic nature of the chemical bonding at both surfaces, a considerable decrease of the optical band gap is predicted (1.3 eV or 10%) for the (111) surface as compared to the bulk.
Kinetic of monocytes Fcγ receptors in patients after coronary artery bypass
Authors: Andreeva Hristina , Lundemoen Steinar , Greve Godfrid , Haaverstad Rune , Fjaertoft Gustav
Published: November 2010

Cardiopulmonary bypass is usually associated with an increased risk of post-operative infections and systemic inflammatory response syndrome. This is accompanied by a neutrophil leucocytosis and lymphopenia. Less is known about the role of monocytes and markers of monocyte activity. This study focuses on the changes of Fc-gamma receptors on monocytes in patients undergoing on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).The surface expression of CD64, CD32 and CD16 were studied using flow cytometry in 37 patients scheduled for CABG. The antigen density and the percentage positive cells were monitored preoperatively and on day 1, 2, 3 and 7 postoperatively. CD64 and CD32 antigen density were significantly increased from day 1 to day 7(p<0.0001). A significant increase (p<0.0001) in the percentage CD16+ monocytes was detected at day 1,2,and 3. The downregulation of CD16 expression on day 1 was followed be elevation at days 2,3(p<0.01). On day 7th percentage CD16+ monocytes and density were not returned to baseline values. Only the baseline levels of CD64 was lower compared to controls(p<0.05). The results suggest that on-pump CABG induces dynamic changes in the expression of Fc-gamma receptors on monocytes as late as 7 days. We observed significant upregulation in the expression of CD64 and CD32 and “to phases” distribution of CD16 in the post-CABG period.
Are we underestimating the frequency of malpositioned central venous catheters inserted via the left internal jugular vein? A case report and short review of literature
Authors: Ikonić Nada , Uvelin Arsen , Hajduković Danica , Kolak Radmila , Jokić-Divljak Dragana
Published: November 2010

Central venous cannulation is a widely used procedure in clinical medicine. Central venous catheters are inserted most often via the internal jugular and subclavian veins. One of the complications is malpositioning of the catheter, and some insertion sites carry a higher risk for that occurrence. We report a case of a malpositioned central venous catheter inserted via the left internal jugular vein in a patient with a ruptured diaphragm. Our objectives were to review the venous anatomy of the chest and the literature reporting malpositioned central venous catheters and to discuss the approach through the left internal jugular vein. Left internal jugular cannulation could carry a higher rate of malposition than reported, and anatomy gives a possible, simple answer. Contrast enhancement, although central venous catheters are radiopaque, is helpful when an approach through the left internal jugular vein is used and difficulties are encountered during insertion.
Predicting retention indices of aliphatic hydrocarbons on stationary phases modified with metallocyclams using quantitative structure-retention relationships
Authors: Bielecki Patryk , Wasiak Wiesław
Published: November 2010

The quantitative structure-retention relationship (QSRR) was used to predict Kováts retention indices of forty-three volatile olefins on the chemically bonded stationary phase, containing 1,4,8,11-tetraazacycloteradecane (cyclam) complexes of copper(II) chloride. Retention indices were correlated with eleven descriptors derived from structures of olefins optimised using the molecular mechanics force field calculations (MM2). Descriptors were generated with the use of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR), semi-empirical Austin Model 1 methods (AM1), and obtained from physicochemical databases. Five well-correlated models were built, with predictive coefficients of determination (R 2) values of 0.993 and 0.995. The dielectric energy (DE) descriptor was identified as being as important as the polarizability (P) descriptor in the process of separation of unsaturated olefins on stationary phases containing metal complexes. The DE index proved to be decisive in distinguishing between the geometric cis and trans isomers of the tested compounds.
The ILRS EOP Time Series
Authors: Sciarretta C. , Luceri V. , Pavlis E. , Bianco G.
Published: November 2010

The ILRS EOP Time Series

Since 2004, ILRS has been providing on a weekly basis combined SSC/EOP solutions from 7-day arcs to support IERS for EOP computation and reference frame maintenance. At present, eight Analysis Centers and two Combination Centers contribute to the weekly official ILRS combined solution from which the main SLR contribution to the IERS EOP reference series is derived. The most recent work performed jointly by all ILRS Analysis Centers (AC) was the generation of a contribution to the next ITRF, extending the time-span coverage of the 7-day arcs combined solution to 1983-2008. In another effort we try to improve the ILRS products' latency and to minimize the delay of the SLR contribution to the IERS EOP estimation, by increasing the product generation frequency (pre-operational daily product), to once per day.
Russian State Time and Earth Rotation Service: Observations, Eop Series, Prediction
Authors: Kaufman M. , Pasynok S.
Published: November 2010

Russian State Time and Earth Rotation Service: Observations, Eop Series, Prediction

Russian State Time, Frequency and Earth Rotation Service provides the official EOP data and time for use in scientific, technical and metrological works in Russia. The observations of GLONASS and GPS on 30 stations in Russia, and also the Russian and worldwide observations data of VLBI (35 stations) and SLR (20 stations) are used now. To these three series of EOP the data calculated in two other Russian analysis centers are added: IAA (VLBI, GPS and SLR series) and MCC (SLR). Joint processing of these 7 series is carried out every day (the operational EOP data for the last day and the predicted values for 50 days). The EOP values are weekly refined and systematic errors of every individual series are corrected. The combined results become accessible on the VNIIFTRI server (ftp.imvp.ru) approximately at 6h UT daily.
Employing Combination Procedures to Short-Time Eop Prediction
Authors: Malkin Z.
Published: November 2010

Employing Combination Procedures to Short-Time Eop Prediction

A well known problem with Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP) prediction is that a prediction strategy proved to be the best for some testing time span and prediction length may not remain the same for other time intervals. In this paper, we consider possible strategies to combine EOP predictions computed using different analysis techniques to obtain a final prediction with the best accuracy corresponding to the smallest prediction error of input predictions. It was found that this approach is most efficient for ultra-short-term EOP forecast.
Future of Earth Orientation Predictions
Authors: Luzum B.
Published: November 2010

Future of Earth Orientation Predictions

Earth orientation prediction has undergone a number of changes over the last few decades in response to changing conditions in the Earth orientation parameter user community. However, considering the recent pace of change, it is likely that the rate at which innovations are introduced into the prediction process will increase. Potential drivers for change are discussed and possible directions for change are outlined.
Contribution of biotransformation enzymes to the development of renal injury and urothelial cancer caused by aristolochic acid: urgent questions, difficult answers
Authors: Stiborová Marie , Hudeček Jiří , Frei Eva , Schmeiser Heinz
Published: November 2010

Contribution of biotransformation enzymes to the development of renal injury and urothelial cancer caused by aristolochic acid: urgent questions, difficult answers

Ingestion of aristolochic acid (AA) is associated with the development of aristolochic acid nephropathy, which is characterized by chronic renal failure, tubulointerstitial fibrosis and urothelial cancer. AA may also cause a similar type of kidney fibrosis with malignant transformation of the urothelium, the Balkan endemic nephropathy. Understanding which enzymes are involved in AA activation and/or detoxication is important in the assessment of a susceptibility to this carcinogen. The most important human enzymes activating AA by simple nitroreductionin vitroare hepatic and renal cytosolic NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450 1A2 and renal microsomal NADPH:cytcohrome P450 reductase, besides cyclooxygenase, which is highly expressed in urothelial tissue. Despite extensive research, contribution of most of these enzymes to the development of these diseases is still unknown. Hepatic cytochromes P450 were found to detoxicate AA in mice, and thereby protect the kidney from injury. However, which of cytochromes P450 are the most important in this process both in animal models and in humans have not been entirely resolved as yet. In addition, the relative contribution of enzymes found to activate AA to species responsible for induction of urothelial cancer in humans remains still to be resolved.
Information Organization of a Tutorial and Students' Attitudes towards History Learning
Authors: Oren Avigail
Published: November 2010

Some difficulties in historylearning which are related mostly to the Israeli syllabus create a negative attitudes of students toward this domain. It is agreed that computers contribute to students motivation, but we were interested to explore the role of information organization in this aspect.

This article describes an evaluation of a tutorial supportinghistoryinstruction in which intermediateschool students and high school students had been involved. The tutorial wasorganizedin a specificmodebywhich information was separated visually from the assignments but shared the same learning environment, likewise information included various types organized also separately.

Findingsindicated thatmost ofthe intermediate school students had found the computer as the main reason for enjoying the tutorial andfor acquiringknowledge. High-school students found that the information organization was the main reason for enjoying the tutorial and for acquiring knowledge. No difference was between the two groups as far as the importance of information in the process of learning. It was proved that the information in this mode of organization was an important factor in framing students positive attitudes towards learning history through computers.