bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of surface electrical stimulation in a seated position on pelvic floor muscle functions, urinary leakage, and quality of life in women with stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Hwang Ui-jae , Lee Min-seok , Kim Young-shin , Jung Sung-hoon , Kwon Oh-yun
Published: December 2019

Background The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effect of surface electrical stimulation in a seated position (SESSP), as pelvic floor muscle (PFM) training, on PFM functions (time to reach maximal pressure [TRMP], muscle strength, power and endurance), urinary leakage and quality of life in patients with stress urinary incontinence (SUI).Methods Women with SUI were randomized into an SESSP group (n = 18) or control group (n = 18). Quality of life were assessed by the Incontinence Quality of Life Questionnaire (I-QOL). Ultra-short pad test results and PFM functions were measured by perineometer. Changes in the outcomes were assessed before and 8 weeks after SESSP training.Results Thirty-three participants were included in the analysis. There were significant differences in I-QOL (avoidance and limiting behaviors, psychosocial impacts, social embarrassment and total score) in between (SESSP vs. control group) and within (pre vs. post) group analyses. Significant increases in PFM strength, power, and endurance, and significant decreases in the TRMP and pad weight, were observed between (SESSP vs. control group) and within (pre vs. post) groups.Conclusion SESSP in a seated position can be recommended to improve QOL, urinary leakage, and PFM functions in SUI patients. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials KCT0003357 (the date of registration: 2018.11.16) and retrospectively registered.
The RNAi vecter construction and verification of the functions in sexual control of Cervus elaphus Zfx gene
Authors: Wei Limin , Jiang Song , Xi Jifeng , Zhang Yongsheng , Zeng Bo , Li Feng , Wang Kaisheng , Zhang Siyuan , Zhao Xitang , Li Ying , Shen Hong , Jia Bin
Published: December 2019

Background: Zinc finger protein X-linked (Zfx) was regarded to be a sex determination factor, and plays a critical role in spermatogenesis. RNAi is an effective method of silencing Zfx/Zfy mRNA expression. However, there has been little research on the use of RNAi technology to control the sex of the offspring of Cervus elaphus. The objective of this study was first to explore an efficient method to alter the Cervus elaphus offspring sex-ratio by silencing the genes Zfx during spermatogenesis.Results: Three recombinant expression vectors pLL3.7/A, pLL3.7/B and pLL3.7/C were constructed to interrupt the Zfx gene. The results showed that the expression of Zfx mRNA was significantly silenced by pLL3.7/A (P < 0.01), compared with the control group. The group injected with pLL3.7/A produced 94 Cervus elaphus, including 68 males and 26 females. The male rates (72.34%) were significantly higher than the control groups (P < 0.01).Conclusions: Our experiment suggest that the Zfx gene plays a significant role in the process of X-sperm formation. Zfx siRNA may be a useful approach to control offspring sex in Cervus elaphus.
Eosinophil as the major factor of the nomogram model to differentiate Kawasaki disease from other febrile illnesses
Authors: Liu Xiao-Ping , Huang Yi-Shuang , Kuo Ho-Chang , Xia Han-Bing , Sun Yi , Lang Xin-Ling , Li Qiang-Zi , Liu Chun-Yi , Huang Wei-Dong , Liu Xi
Published: December 2019

Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis in children less than 5 years old. At present, no single laboratory data can distinguish KD from other febrile diseases. To establish a differential diagnosis laboratory data model between KD and other febrile diseases, which can avoid coronary artery complications.Methods: A total of 800 children (249 KD and 551 non-KD febrile illness) were enrolled. Laboratory findings were analyzed by of univariable，multivariable logistic regression and nomogram.Results: 562 children were randomly selected as the model group and 238 as the validation group. The predictive nomogram included eosinophil percentage（100 points）, C-reactive protein (93 points), alanine transaminase (84 points), albumin (79 points), and white blood cell（64 points）, which generated an area under the curve of 0.873 for model group, and 0.905 for validation. Eosinophil showed highest OR: 5.015 (95% CI: 3.068-8.197) during multiple logistic regression. The sensitivity and specificity were 84.1% and 86% in the validation group. The calibration curves of the validation group for the probability of KD showed nearly agreement to the actual probability.Conclusion: Eosinophil is the major factors in this nomogram model and had a high precision to predict KD. This is the first report from literature review showed the important role of eosinophil in KD.
Peripheral Blood Gene Expression Signatures Identify Methotrexate Responders in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: June Rayford R. , Feger Danielle , Nevin Andrew , Imamura Yuka , Aune Thomas M. , Olsen Nancy J
Published: December 2019

Background: Methotrexate (MTX) and biologic therapies have remarkably improved outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, choices of therapeutic regimens in an individual patient remain empiric, resulting in a risk of delayed control of inflammation consequent joint damage. In previous studies we have shown that a large number of protein-coding genes are dysregulated in RA and that the expression levels of the majority of these dysregulated genes return to normal in patients who have control of disease after initiating MTX monotherapy. Furthermore, in vitro responses to MTX are rapid, suggesting that changes in expression could precede clinical outcome, and have prognostic value. The aim of the current study was to analyze whole blood gene expression for correlates of clinical responses to MTX, with the long-term objective of developing prognostic biomarkers.Methods: RA patients (N=32) and healthy controls (HC; N=8) were from the Investigation of Remission in Rheumatoid Arthritis (IRRA) cohort at Pennsylvania State M.S. Hershey Medical Center. The RA group included 16 patients with active disease and 16 with controlled disease; 8 patients in each group were currently being treated with MTX. Whole blood RNA profiling was carried out in the Penn State College of Medicine Genomics core laboratory. Transcript data were analyzed using clustering algorithms and pathways analysis software to determine relatedness of groups.Results: Patients with active RA showed patterns of gene dysregulation that were farther from HC values than RA patients with controlled disease, whether or not MTX was a current medication. Comparison of the four RA groups determined by activity levels and MTX use showed over-expression of genes in alpha/beta and gamma interferon pathways, especially in active RA patients not currently taking MTX, suggesting contributions to maintenance of active disease.Conclusion: Levels of genes that are expressed in peripheral blood of RA patients correlate with disease activity and also with MTX treatment status. Longitudinal studies to determine how early in the treatment course changes in gene expression levels are detectable will be of interest to determine the potential for development of prognostic biomarkers to guide therapeutic decisions.
Reacciones químicas de los azúcares simples empleados en la industria alimentaria
Authors: Arias-Giraldo Sebastián , López-Velasco Diana Marcela
Published: December 2019

Hoy en día, la demanda de los consumidores por productos saludables conlleva a la industria alimentaria a realizar investigaciones sobre las diferentes reacciones químicas de diversos macronutrientes como azúcares, polisacáridos, proteínas y lípidos con el fin de comprender su interacción con otros componentes presentes en las matrices alimentarias, encontrar estrategias para reducir la aparición de compuestos tóxicos, garantizar la seguridad alimentaria en los alimentos procesados térmicamente y formular nuevos productos con características de mayor valor. El presente artículo expone las reacciones químicas que presentan los carbohidratos simples, considerando los mecanismos químicos involucrados, el tipo de compuestos generados, la importancia de estos compuestos en la industria de alimentos y algunos efectos, tanto favorables como desfavorables, de dichas reacciones.
DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 1: PERFIL GLICÊMICO E CONSUMO ALIMENTAR EM UM AMBULATÓRIO DE NUTRIÇÃO PEDIÁTRICA
Authors: Da Rosa Thais Marini , Valle Sandra Costa , Ramos Camila Irigonhé
Published: December 2019

Objetivo: investigar o perfil glicêmico e o consumo alimentar de crianças e adolescentes assistidos em um ambulatório de nutrição pediátrica do Sistema Único de Saúde do sul do Brasil. Métodos: estudo longitudinal, com dados de controle glicêmico coletados dos prontuários de saúde, na consulta inicial e final. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado após a realização de dois recordatórios de 24 horas aplicados durante a semana, incluindo a segunda-feira. Resultados: verificou-se que os parâmetros de controle glicêmico mostraram melhora no período de acompanhamento. O consumo dos principais grupos alimentares fonte de carboidratos foi adequado às recomendações vigentes. Entretanto, o consumo do grupo das carnes foi excessivo e o das frutas, dos legumes e verduras foi insuficiente. Conclusão: Após o período de acompanhamento o perfil glicêmico mostrou melhora em crianças e adolescentes com diabetes mellitus tipo 1. O consumo alimentar foi caracterizado pela adequação de porções de alimentos fonte de açúcares, excesso de porções carnes e ovos e quantidade insuficiente de frutas, dos legumes e verduras.
Cell-free microRNAs as Non-invasive Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Gablo Natalia A. , Prochazka Vladimir , Kala Zdenek , Slaby Ondrej , Kiss Igor
Published: December 2019

Pancreatic cancer (PaC) is one of the most lethal cancers, with an increasing global incidence
rate. Unfavorable prognosis largely results from associated difficulties in early diagnosis and
the absence of prognostic and predictive biomarkers that would enable an individualized therapeutic
approach. In fact, PaC prognosis has not improved for years, even though much efforts and resources
have been devoted to PaC research, and the multimodal management of PaC patients has been used in
clinical practice. It is thus imperative to develop optimal biomarkers, which would increase diagnostic
precision and improve the post-diagnostic management of PaC patients. Current trends in biomarker
research envisage the unique opportunity of cell-free microRNAs (miRNAs) present in circulation to
become a convenient, non-invasive tool for accurate diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of response
to treatment. This review analyzes studies focused on cell-free miRNAs in PaC. The studies provide
solid evidence that miRNAs are detectable in serum, blood plasma, saliva, urine, and stool, and that
they present easy-to-acquire biomarkers with strong diagnostic, prognostic and predictive potential.
Pharmacokinetic Study of Zhebeirine in Mouse Blood by Ultra- Performance Liquid Chromatography/tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Sun Wenhao , Jiang Xiajuan , Wang Xianqin , Bao Xi
Published: December 2019

Introduction:

In this study, a precise, rapid and accurate ultra-performance liquid chromatography-
tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for the quantification of zhebeirine in
mouse blood was developed, and pharmacokinetics of zhebeirine was studied for the first time after
intravenous and oral administration.

Methods:

The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid, with a flow rate at 0.4 mL/m
during 4 min run time. MRM modes of m/z 414.5→81.0 for zhebeirine and m/z 430.2→412.2 for 3-
dehydroverticine (internal standard) were utilized to perform quantitative analysis. Protein in mouse
blood was directly precipitated with acetonitrile for sample preparation.

Results:

The linear range was 1-3000 ng/mL with r>0.995, and LLOQ was 1 ng/mL. The intra-and
inter-day precision of zhebeirine in mouse blood was less than 13%. The accuracy ranged from 91.2%
to 112.5%, while the matrix effects were between 84.8% and 106.4%.

Conclusion:

The UPLC-MS/MS was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study on zhebeirine
after intravenous and oral administration, and the bioavailability was determined to be 22.8%.
AVADAR Application: a learning model for designing a mobile-based disease surveillance system using participatory community reporting in Africa (Preprint)
Authors: Akpan Godwin , Ticha Johnson Muluh , Paige Lara M.F. , Oyaole Daniel Rasheed , Briand Patrick , Ngofa Reuben , Stein Andrew , Salihu Abdullahi Ahmed , Idris Umar Kabo , Bello Isah Mohammed , Maleghemi Sylvester , Maduka Omosivie , Tegegne Sisay Gashu , Mamadou Diallo , Agbo Chukwuemeka , Touray Kebba , Senouci Kamel , Galway Michael , Mkanda Pascal , Shuaib Faisal
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND

Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) surveillance is the bedrock of polio case detection. The Auto Visual AFP Detection and Reporting (AVADAR) is a digital health intervention designed as a supplemental community surveillance system.

OBJECTIVE

This paper describes the design and implementation process that made AVADAR a successful disease surveillance strategy at the community level.

METHODS

This paper outlines the methods for the design and implementation of the AVADAR application. It explains the co-design of the application, the implementation of a helpdesk support structure, the process involved in trouble shooting the application, the benefits of utilizing a closed user group for telecommunication requirements, and the use of a consented video. We also describe how these features combined led to user acceptance testing using black box methodology.

RESULTS

A total of 198 community informants across two provinces, four districts and 32 settlements were interviewed about application performance, usability, security, load, stress and functionality testing black box components. The responses showed most community participants giving positive reviews. Data from the Blackbox testing yielded optimum acceptance ratings from over 90% of the users involved in the testing. A total of 22380 AFP Alerts were sent out by community informants and 21589 (95%) were investigated by health workers or WHO AVADAR coordinators. Overall there was 93% assimilation at regional level. About 83% of investigations were done in the vicinity of the alerts in 2018 compared to 77% in 2017.

CONCLUSIONS

AVADAR implementation model offers a simplistic step by step model that includes community participation as an integral tool for the successful deployment of a mobile based surveillance reporting tool. AVADAR can be a veritable source of project planning data and a mobile application for other interventions that target using community participation to influence health outcomes.
Use of Nanohybrid Material for Formulation, Development and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form Containing the Low Solubility Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient
Authors: Nigal Aparna , Darekar Avinash , Saudagar Ravindranath B.
Published: December 2019

In oral absorption of a drug, the drug first dissolves and then is absorbed by diffusion through gastrointestinal membranes. The gastrointestinal environment is aqueous in nature and it is well-known that one-third of the drug population is water insoluble. Hence, there is a need for enhancement of the solubility and dissolution of such drugs. In this work, enhancement of the solubility and dissolution of the practically insoluble drug Rosuvastatin Calcium was achieved by formation of nanohybrids using microwave-induced diffusion (MIND), which ultimately leads to bioavailability enhancement. nanohybrids were formed by using natural carriers such as acacia,guar gum and PVP k-30 with the help of microwaves. Selection of carriers was based on their surfactant and wetting properties. Solubility studies were carried out to establish the solubility-enhancing property of the nanohybrids. To support solubility analysis results, dissolution studies (i.e. powder dissolution and in-vitro dissolution) were carried out. The nanohybrids were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction studies, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that as the concentration of polymer in the composite increased the solubility and dissolution of rosuvastatin calcium were enhanced. The optimised ratio (drug : polymer) for all the composites was found to be 1:4. The novelty of this work is the green and cost-effective way of forming drug nanocomposites with the help of microwave, which can be scaled up to an industrial level. The method gives an immaculate means of solubilisation by generating drug dispersion at the micro and nanoscale level in natural biodegradable stabilising media. Hence, this study demonstrates the use of nanohybrids in solubility and dissolution enhancement.

Keywords- BCS Class II, Nanohybrids, Solubilization, Enhancement of solubility, Optimized drug dissolution and drug release.
Estimation of D-dimer Level among Sudanese Women under Contraceptive Pill
Authors: Osman Zeinab Atif Ahmed , Babiker Sara Elsadig , Babiker Nihad Elsadig
Published: December 2019

Contraceptives are intentional prevention of conception through the use of various devices sexual practices, chemicals, drugs or surgical procedures become a contraceptive if its purpose is to prevent a woman from becoming pregnant. This is a cross sectional study conducted at ALnow Hospital Khartoum, Sudan,  the study aimed to estimate D.dimer levels among Sudanese women take contraceptive pill.    50 Women uses contraceptive pill used as a cases and 50 apparently health women were used as a control. Three   ml of venous blood samples were collected from each subject in 3.8% tri-sodium citrate (9:1 vol/vol) for D-dimer analysis.  The study revealed that was clearly significant increase in D.dimer in women take oral contraceptive pill (p.value 0.000), also the study concluded that D-dimer level was increased in users oral contraceptive Sudanese women,  that is increase the coagubility of the blood  and might be become as a risk factor.  

Keywords: Contraceptive pills, D.dimer, coagubility.
Efficacy of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, potential fungi for bio control of Echinochloa crus-galli (Barnyard grass)
Authors: Nandhini C. , Ganesh P. , Yoganathan K. , Kumar Deepak
Published: December 2019

A systematic field study was conducted in agricultural fields such as food crops, pulses, vegetable crops, oil crops and commercial crops to estimate infestation of Echinochloa crus – galli (barnyard grass), a common terrestrial weed belonging to family poaceae. The in vitro pathogenicity studies on barnyard grass were conducted using spore inoculum (8X107/ml) of an indigenous fungus, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The pathogen was re-isolated from inoculated plants to fulfill Koch’s postulates and confirmed its host specificity on barnyard grass. The disease by the isolate was critically analyzed and the results revealed that Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a potential agent to biological control of barnyard grass. The results revealed that the pathogen causes significantly (P < 0.05) severe infection on host weed and destructs the weed population by leaf spot diseases. The findings of the research suggested that the isolate Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is highly virulent and host-specific, and recommended for further studies as a promising biocontrol agent against barnyard grass weed.

Keywords: Mycoherbicides, Barnyard grass, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Koch’s postulates
Microsponges: A Novel Strategy to Control the Delivery Rate of Active Agents with Reduced Skin Irritancy
Authors: VISHWAKARMA PRAMILA , Choudhary Ramraj
Published: December 2019

Microsponges are particulate system which is composed by porous polymeric material. As compare to Conventional topical formulations, microsponge provide controlled release of the drug in the epidermis, it is to ensure that the drug is mainly localized and does not unduly entering the systemic circulation, it is a new area of research. The active ingredient needs to maximize the time to stay on the skin, while reducing transdermal penetration. Apart from this, there is a problem of unethical vehicles that can be viscous sticky deformation and skin irritation.  One of the biggest challenges of now a days is to control irritability for a predetermined site of active agents in the human body. Microsponges delivery system is a unique technique for controlled release with low irritant involving many triggers of Mechanism for the release of drugs. The Microsponge Delivery system is a polymeric porous microspheres, which can trap a wide range of effective elements such as anti-fungus, anti-infected, anti- inflammatory agent, fragrance and essential agent. This review includes different techniques used to prepare microsponges, formulation consideration, safety consideration, drug release mechanism, and challenges with microsponge drug delivery system along with their advantages, disadvantages and applications. In the current review, we summarize the updated application and capacity of Microsponge as an effective drug-delivery system to reduce skin irritation.

Keywords: Microsponges; quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion; Porous microspheres; Controlled release.
Effect of methanolic extract of Amaranthus viridis leaves on reproductive functions in wistar female rats
Authors: AFFY Mataphouet Emmanuel , TOVI Wahon Marie-Odile , ZOUGROU N’guessan Ernest , KOUAKOU Koffi
Published: December 2019

Objective : The aim of this study is to determine the pharmacological effects and the estrogenic properties of Amaranthus viridis leaves on the reproductive function of animal model (female rat).

Methods : Vaginal smears performed 9 days before treatment allowed to select female rats having alternated on two cycles a regularity. Thereafter, the selected rats were administered by gavage daily for 28 days taking care of smear every morning at 7am from the first day of treatment follow the evolution of the cycle. For this study 20 nulliparous rats, 2 months old, weighing between 120-150 g. The first group (control) was administered with olive oil and the other three batches received respectively the doses 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg of the methanolic extract of Amaranthus viridis. At the end of the 28-day treatment, ovary and uterine horn were removed, histological and hormonal parameters were studied for determine pharmacological effects of methanolic extract of Amaranthus viridis.

Results : The extract caused a disturbances of the cycle according to the doses administered. Disturbances at doses 200 and 400 mg/kg PC are significant. The calculation of the total duration of the different phases of the cycle revealed very significant increases in the estrous phase (P<0.01) by 22.79 % and 17.13 % at the respective doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w compared to control. Non-significant difference was recorded on FSH, LH and estradiol level. On progesterone level, administration of the methanolic extract showed a significant difference at dose of 600 mg/kg b.w compared to control. On histological structure of the ovary, the presence of active and degenerate corpus luteum, secondary follicles depending on the dose administered were recored.

Conclusion : The results showed that the methanolic extract of Amaranthus viridis contain estrogenic substances or estrogen-like substances according to a dose-dependent mechanism, with high estrogenic potential at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w .

Keywords: vaginal smears, Amaranthus viridis, methanolic extract, histology
“NATUREZA”? UM SOBREVOO SOBRE ALGUNS MOMENTOS DA HISTÓRIA DA DANÇA OCIDENTAL DO SÉCULO XVIII E XX
Authors: Ana Teixeira
Published: December 2019

A proposta deste texto é ressaltar dois períodos na história da dança ocidental, nos quais a questão da Natureza foi fundamental para articular pressupostos distintos no entendimento dos dois momentos da história da dança. Do século XVIII ao XX, registra-se a inquietação de artistas que se debruçavam no estudo da Natureza como ativador da compreensão do corpo, da dança, do gesto e do movimento. No século XVIII, interrogava-se sobre a natureza humana, suas emoções e como expressá-las, já no século XX buscava-se redescobrir o corpo a partir da Natureza. A questão que se lança é: como os artistas estão lidando com essa questão no século XXI?
JACQUES RANCIÈRE E A MODERNIDADE DO MOVIMENTO
Authors: Osvaldo Fontes Filho
Published: December 2019

Este texto expõe alguns momentos da reflexão de Jacques Rancière em torno de uma “contra história da modernidade artística”, segundo a qual uma concepção renovada do movimento e da ação dramática teria surgido nos espetáculos de variedades e de dança em fins do século XIX, com reflexos na mecânica das performances no cinema mudo.
Os caprichos dos homens têm feito das mulheres plantas de estufa: mulheres e relações de trabalho na corte, segunda metade do século XIX
Authors: Ribeiro Cristiane de Paula
Published: December 2019

O presente trabalho objetiva uma discussão acerca das reivindicações femininas pelo direito a profissionalização e inserção no mundo do trabalho durante meados do século XIX na Corte. Para tanto, buscaremos mostrar que tais reivindicações estiveram restritas a grupos específicos, ou seja, mulheres brancase letradas que requeriam ocupar sobretudo cargos públicos e políticos, naquele momento restrito apenas ao sexo masculino. Do mesmo modo, buscaremos, ainda, pensar as mulheres negras e sua já ampla atuação no mundo do trabalho, diferentemente das letradas,onde é possível evidenciarmos atuaçõesdiversas como domésticas, lavadeiras, cozinheiras, amas de leite, quitandeiras, entre livres e escravizadas, discutindo um mundo do trabalho feminino em que se torna necessário o uso de intersecções como gênero, raçae classe para compreendê-lo de maneiraheterogênea, diversa e desigual.
Relações de gênero e memórias das ditaduras civis-militares: perspectivas da historiografia francesa sobre o Cone Sul
Authors: Silva Janine Gomes da
Published: December 2019

Nos últimos anos temos visto um aumento significativo dos estudos que problematizam as histórias e memórias relacionadas ao período das ditaduras civis-militares no Cone Sul (Argentina, Brasil, Bolívia, Chile, Paraguai e Uruguai). De diferentes maneiras, o fim das ditaduras que ocorreram nas décadas de 1960, 1970 e 1980 têm possibilitado várias pesquisas, principalmente problematizando a construção de uma memória sobre esse passado. E, as questões de gênero e a violência de gênero também são temas presentes nestes estudos. Nos últimos anos fui percebendo o interesse de historiadoras/es, especialmente franceses, nos estudos sobre as ditaduras civis-militares que ocorreram no Cone Sul. Percebi o quanto os temas relacionando gênero, memória e ditaduras nos países deste continente tem sido alvo de distintas abordagens e chamou-me a atenção os enfoques metodológicos das/os pesquisadoras/es europeus para as histórias do Cone Sul.
Nacionalidade e cidadania pelo acesso à terra no século XIX: reflexões a partir das variações de escalas e da História Global
Authors: Darossi Flávia Paula
Published: December 2019

O artigo discute os principais enunciados do que se convencionou chamar como História Global, campo de estudos em curso desde a década de 1990 interessado na reformulação teórico-epistemológica da História. Repercutindo a nova globalização acelerada desde a década de 1970, a História Global tem embasado sua crítica ao eurocentrismo e ao nacionalismo metodológico presentes na produção historiográfica geral, em favor do retorno à história explicativa sobre a multiplicidade dos grandes processos históricos e a valorização de conexões transnacionais a partir de vastos espaços e longas durações. Meus objetivos são problematizar alguns dos limites desta pretensa novidade teórico-metodológica, contrapondo-a a proposição da Micro-História sobre a variação das escalas de análise, e considerar algumas de suas reais contribuições ao debate historiográfico. Para desenvolvê-los, aplicarei a discussão às questões relacionais da nacionalidade, cidadania, imigração e acesso à terra no Brasil durante o século XIX. Fá-lo-ei a partir de uma única amostra documental, um abaixo-assinado de 1886 de trabalhadores rurais do município de Tubarão, província de Santa Catarina. Problematizarei a representatividade de uma fonte específica para a construção de narrativas históricas acerca de temas de experiência global.
IKT startup-ok pénzügyi kérdései
Authors: Bethlendi András
Published: December 2019

Véleményünk szerint az információs és kommunikációs technológia (IKT) fókuszú startup-oknál, más startup-okhoz hasonlóan, a pénzügyi és számviteli kérdéseiknek hangsúlyosabban kellene megjelennie mind a szakirodalomban, mind a gyakorlatban, mert a nem megfelelő pénzügyi menedzsment meg tudja nehezíteni a startup-ok tőkebevonását és így a további növekedésüket. A jelen tanulmány mintáját magyar IKT fókuszú startup-ok pénzügyi- és adó átvilágításai adták.

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Financial Issues of ICT Start-ups based on the Experience of Financial and Tax Due Diligences

The conclusion of this study is that the most important financial and accounting is­sues of start-ups with an information and communications technology (ICT) focus should receive more attention in both the literature and in practice since inappro­priate financial management can make it more difficult for start-ups to raise capital and, thus, to continue to grow. This paper is based on a sample of financial and tax due diligences of ICT start-ups.
A számítógép-alapú kommunikáció nagyhatalmi és nagyvállalati perspektívái, geopolitikai és nemzetközi politikai gazdasági dimenziói
Authors: Iványi Márton
Published: December 2019

A transznacionális vállalatok és a vonatkozó termékláncok, ideértve a szétpermeteződő információs és kommunikációs technológiákat is, globális térhódításának a huszadik-huszonegyedik századi tapasztalatai a jelenség történelmi, nemzetközi politikai gazdaságtani és geopolitikai kritikai vizsgálatának a relevanciáját sejtetik.

A számítógép-alapú kommunikáció röppályája a kapitalista fejlődésbe ágyazódik, amely magába foglalja a technológiai korszerűsítést, az államilag előmozdított piacliberalizációt, a „hagyományos” médiaágazatok összefonódását az újakkal és a hálózatokkal, valamint a mindezt kísérő intézményes struktúrák kiépülését.

E tanulmány a második világháború után lendületet kapó, majd a hidegháború lezárulásával átmenetileg globálisan is élre törő, valamint a kétezres évek első évtizedében véget érő, és e kihívásokra folyamatosan válaszokat kereső amerikai nagyhatalmi és transznacionális perspektívák viszonyát, kölcsönhatásait és feltételezhető összjátékát vizsgálja.

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State and corporate perspectives on computer-based communication and the digital media economy

This paper seeks to present an overview of the multi-stage transformation of the digital and increasingly internet-focused media economy over the last three decades. Accordingly, it outlines the main structural, organisational and operational features of the media’s convergence, telecommunications and computer technology, and ar¬gues that, in light of the foregoing, any sharp distinction between the ‘old’ and ‘new’ players in the media sector seems somewhat misleading and requires a more nu- anced approach. It then moves on to the current changes in the power relations of the digital media and information economy on the global stage.
Domovinski rat u hrvatskim znanstvenim časopisima
Authors: Godić Darjan , Knežević Domagoj
Published: December 2019

Autori analiziraju kako se u vodećim društveno-humanističkim znanstvenim
časopisima u Hrvatskoj obrađivala tematika Domovinskoga rata. Kronološki je rad podijeljen na dva razdoblja: od 1991. do 1999. te od 2000. do 2018. godine. Rad ne sadržava bibliografiju znanstvenih i stručnih radova na temu Domovinskoga rata, nego samo one najvažnije koji
su, prema mišljenju autora, pridonijeli boljem razumijevanju Domovinskoga rata.
A generation method for completely monotone functions
Authors: Jaksetic Julije
Published: December 2019

In this article we present technique how to produce completely monotone
functions using linear functionals and already known families of completely
monotone functions. After that, using mean value theorems, we construct
means of Cauchy type that have monotonicity properties.
On sharpening of an inequality of Turán
Authors: Govil N.K. , Kumar P.
Published: December 2019

Let P(z) = ?nv=0 avzv be a polynomial of degree n. Then as a generalization
of a well-known result of Tur?n [18], it was proved by Govil [5] that if
P(z) is a polynomial of degree n having all its zeros in |z| ? K, K ? 1,
then (0.1) max |z|=1 |P'(z)|? n/1+Kn max |z|=1 |P(z)|. In this paper, we
prove a polar derivative generalization of this inequality, which as a
corollary gives a sharpening of this inequality (0.1).
Kansanterveys ja ekologinen kuorma
Authors: Pulkki Jutta , Perkiö Mikko , Kokkinen Lauri
Published: December 2019

Ihmiskunta on saavuttanut merkittäviä kansanterveyden edistysaskeleita eri puolilla maailmaa. Terveyden edistymisestä on kiitetty muun muassa talouskasvua. Talouskasvuun liittyvällä kuluttamisella on kuitenkin ekologinen kääntöpuolensa: samaan aikaan kun ihmiskunnan terveys on parantunut, on ihmiskunnan ekologinen jalanjälki kasvanut ja ekosysteemit ajautuneet kriisiin.

Tarkastelemme kansanterveyden kehitystä ja ekologista kuormaa 33 OECD- ja BRICS -maassa 53 vuoden ajanjaksolla. Tarkemmin kysymme, miten kansanterveys ja ekologinen jalanjälki ovat kehittyneet vuodesta 1960 vuoteen 2015. Tavoitteemme oli selvittää, onko löydettävissä maita, joissa sekä elinajanodote tai vastasyntyneiden eloonjäänti että ekologinen jalanjälki ovat kehittyneet positiivisesti. Pohdimme tuloksia ympäristövaltio -kirjallisuuden valossa.

Tutkimuksessa käytetty paneeli-aineisto sisälsi tiedot 33 maan ekologisesta jalanjäljestä, imeväiskuolleisuudesta ja elinajanodotteesta vuosilta 1960–2015. Ekologisesta jalanjäljestä laskettiin kullekin maalle ajanjaksolta vuosikeskiarvo. Kansanterveyden osoittimista analysoitiin muutosta vuosien 1960 ja 2015 välillä. Koska kansanterveyden lähtötaso ja siten kehityspotentiaali oli maissa erilainen, suhteutettiin absoluuttinen kehitys teoreettiseen maksimikehitykseen. Maakohtaisten analyysien jälkeen maat ryhmiteltiin suurempiin alueisiin tarkempaa ajallista analyysia varten. Tulokset esitetään hajontakuvioina.

Löysimme kestävän ja suhteellisen pienen ekologisen jalanjäljen maita, joissa kansanterveys on kehittynyt suhteellisesti enemmän, ja vastaavasti suuren ekologisen jalanjäljen maita, joissa kehitys on ollut vähäistä. Tulokset antavat viitteitä siitä, että hyvä kansanterveyden taso voidaan säilyttää ja terveyttä edistää myös niukemman kulutuksen oloissa. Niin hyvinvointivaltioissa kuin alemman tulotason maissa on potentiaalia ympäristövaltioiksi, joissa huolehditaan sekä ympäristöstä että väestön terveydestä.
Pendidikan Karakter Melalui Program Mentoring Studi Kasus: SMP Perguruan Islam Ar-Risalah Kota Padang
Authors: Mustika Mega , Wirdanengsih Wirdanengsih
Published: December 2019

Berangkat akan pentingnya pendidikan karakter di sekolah, banyak sekolah yang berorientasi pada kognitif.  SMP Perguruan Islam Ar Risalah Kota Padang sekolah berbasis agama yang merupakan sekolah berorientasi pada pembinaan karakter peserta didik. Pembinaan karakter dilakukan melalui program mentoring yang menjadi program wajib yang diikuti oleh peserta didik. Tujuan penelitian memberikan gambaran pendidikan karakter melalui program mentoring di SMP Perguruan Islam Ar Risalah Kota Padang. Penelitian ini menggunakan Teori Belajar Sosial dari Albert Bandura. Penelitian ini menngunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Penelitian dilakukan di SMP Perguruan Islam Ar Risalah Kota Padang. Data dikumpulkan dengan wawancara, obbservasi dan studi dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunaka metode interaktif dari Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) program mentoring sebagai salah satu sarana pembinaan karakter di SMP Perguruan Islam Ar Risalah yang memiliki bentuk-bentuk kegiatan berupa tilawah Al Qur’an, pembacan doa, kultum, rihlah, qodhoya, memasak bersama. 2) karakter yang dibina melalui mentoring adalah karakter religius, peduli sosial, kerjasama, bersaudara.
Lesson Study dalam Meningkatkan Ketrampilan 4C (Critical Thingking, Collaborative, Communicative dan Creative) pada Pembelajaran Sosiologi yang Terintegrasi ABS-SBK di SMAN 1 Pasaman
Authors: Marta Putra Dendi , Nurlizawati Nurlizawati
Published: December 2019

Artikel ini menggambarkan tentang penerapan Lesson Study dalam meningkatkan ketrampilan 4C (Critical Thinking, Collaborative, Commnicative, dan Creative) pada pembelajaran sosiologi. Tuntutan kurikulum berbasis 4.0 menuntut siswa harus mampu bekerja sama, berkomunkasi, berfikir kritis dan kreatif, tuntutan ini dapat dicapai jika guru membuat pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan ketrampilan 4C. Dalam meningkakan kemampuan 4C dapat dilakukan dengan menerapkan kegiatan lesson study, selain itu peningkatan ketrampilan 4C juga harus diikuti dengan penanaman karakter yang dapat menyiapkan siswa dalam menghadapi tantangan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa kegiatan Lesson study merupakan bentuk pembelajaran yang meningkatkan kemampuan berfikir tingkat tinggi dan ketrampilan 4C (critical thinking, creative, collaborative, dan commnicative). Penerpaan Adat Basandi Syarak, Syarak Basandi Kitabullah (ASB-BSK) dalam membentuk karakter religius pada siswa dapat dimasukan kedalam materi pembelajaran Sosiologi menggunakan pembelajaran indirect teching, penguatan pendidikan karakter dengan penanaman nilai Al-Quran dan budaya Minangkabau merupakan alternatif untuk menumbuhkembangkan karakter religius dan bermasyarakat.
Application of mathematical modeling in creating investment portfolio of commercial bank
Authors: Markova Olga Mikhailovna
Published: December 2019

The article touches upon the most urgent problem of creating the stock portfolio

of a commercial bank, where studying the strategies and tools of the bank’s investment activity and using mathematical models for its assessment help to identify the relationship between profitability and the risk of investing in securities. As a result of applied analysis and modeling of the portfolio structure, the optimal portfolio option is selected, which corresponds to a given level of risk and profitability, as well as to the investment strategy chosen by the bank. There has been analyzed the portfolio structure with specified characteristics of risk and profitability, according to the statistics of previous years. The types of documents have been systematized according to the compliance with the strategy of managing the portfolio of profitability growth, liquidity and risk minimization. Using the models of Markowitz, Tobin and other researchers of probabilistic portfolio assessment through covariance indicators and a correlation coefficient, there have been found the values of return on assets that can change in one direction or have a multidirectional nature, and allow to calculate dependence between the values of return on securities in the portfolio. There have been considered the following models: a portfolio model based on calculating the level of stock returns of LUKOIL JSC, Novatek JSC, Yandex; a portfolio model that includes risk-free assets with the highest level of reliability (government short-term bonds, federal loan bonds); capital asset pricing model which describes dependency between the risk and the required profitability. Based on these calculations there has been inferred the possibility of developing specific areas of the banking business in the field of securities transactions, including: saving funds (providing protection against inflation); capital growth (focus on the securities that have the potential for growth in market value); profitability (purchasing securities in order to obtain dividends on shares and interest on debt securities); liquidity (investments into financial tools that can be sold at any time at favorable prices); risk minimization. The results of the conducted analysis of correlation and regression of the securities portfolio have revealed the most preferred types of securities for growing profitability that are in the bank's portfolio: shares of the Russian oil company LUKOIL, the Russian gas company Novatek, Yandex cIA, as well as the federal loan bonds (based on the terms of calculating history dynamics since May 1, 2018 up to May 1, 2019)
Transformation of terminology, competences and knowledge in digital economy
Authors: Larionov Valery Glebovich , Sheremetyeva Elena , Barinova Ekaterina
Published: December 2019

Modern digital transformation of the economy is impossible without the development of innovative knowledge, competencies, network interaction. Technological modernization of eco-nomic processes determines changing demands of a society to the professional and personal quali-ties of a person. Currently, every specialist who wants to be successful in an organization must have specific digital competencies. The key factor of digital transformations is developing digital education and culture, modernizing the strategy and format of educational programs. The transition to a digital model of economic development involves a high concentration of knowledge-intensive production, knowledge, competencies and technologies. A variety of new terms used in scientific and journalistic works devoted to digital technologies leads to difficulties in understanding the phenomena of the digital economy. The terminology and scope of the conceptual apparatus of the digital economy have been clarified; the differences in research approaches in relation to the interpretation of the categorical apparatus have been discussed. The terms, such as digital management, digital marketing, digital hygiene, digital leaders, digital talents, digital maturity, etc. are updated. Clarification of the conceptual apparatus allows to formulate the actual competencies, knowledge and skills for training the qualified personnel that meet the modern requirements of technological modernization. The necessity of introducing project-based learning, adapting the educational process to the realities of transforming business models is noted. Attention is focused on the importance

of forming soft-skills for personal development, individualization of the educational trajectory and construction of career navigation. The necessity of the continuous development of personal profiles of digital and super professional competencies in terms of implementing the “education throughout life” paradigm has been substantiated.
Êxodos e emigração:
Authors: Heitor Teresa Valsassina , Gonçalves Jorge
Published: December 2019

The region of Lisbon experienced, from the mid-20th century, successive waves of immigration and internal migration that profoundly altered its socio-territorial configuration. Rural exodus, the forced return of the Portuguese colonists, during and after the wars of independence in the former colonies, and immigration spurred by major public works financed by the European Community, are the most striking examples. Since that time, the Lisbon Metropolitan Area has never ceased facing great challenges in housing provision. The article seeks to describe the impacts of these exodus and migrations, which are distinct in intensity and shape, but reveal how housing supply has remained the weakest pillar of the Portuguese Social State.
REFRAMING STUDENTS’ NEGATIVE CONCEPTIONS OF FAILURE: AN ACTION RESEARCH
Authors: Yoong David , Saffari Narges
Published: December 2019

The fear of academic failure can compound other challenges that students are already facing in their lives, and this can take a toll on their mental and emotional states, their relationships with others, and their learning capacities. This article presents findings of an action research that was carried out with 35 postgraduate students from two classes, with aims to reframe their conception of fear of failure as valuable lesson opportunities, by means of getting them to participate in experiential and purposeful activities in a safe learning space. It aims to see if these students would have become less fearful of failures by Week 15. In addition to sharing personal anecdotes of failure, students were given challenging class work, reminded of failure-success catch-phrases, given honest and critical (but compassionate) feedback of their performance. The collected data include students’ fear of failure index scores, pre (Week 1) and post (Week 15) intervention course feedback of their fear of failure. The analysis shows that the methods seem to have a positive effect in mitigating fears of failure, however, the research also shows some caveats and variables that can inhibit the facilitation and the effectiveness of the pedagogical methods. It is hoped this research can also aid other educators in improving and innovating their pedagogy practices, in order to help students reframe their conceptions of failure.
 
Keywords: Action research, experiential learning, fear of failure, reframing beliefs, safe learning space
 
Cite as: Yoong, D., & Saffari, N. (2019).  Reframing students’ negative conceptions of failure: An action research.  Journal of Nusantara Studies, 4(2), 126-143. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol4iss2pp126-143
HEAT MAPS AND SCAN PATHS: QUALITATIVE EYE-TRACKING EVIDENCE ON HOW THE QUR’AN IS MEMORIZED THROUGH READING
Authors: Salehuddin Khazriyati , Mohamad Shahimin Mizhanim , Sulaiman Mohamed Zain , Md Zolkapli Rasyiqah Batrisya
Published: December 2019

The process of memorizing the Qur’an typically takes place through reading its printed version (mus’haf). The Qur’an is read word by word so that the process of recalling the memorized verses or chapters is done accurately and fluently. Memorizing the Qur’an may be a great challenge to non-Arabic speakers because of their lack of knowledge in the Arabic vocabulary and grammar; yet more and more non-Arabic speakers continue to memorize the Qur’an for various reasons. In order to scientifically investigate how non-Arabic speakers memorize the Qur’an, a reading experiment was conducted to achieve this aim. Sixty-four (21 Male, 43 Female) native speakers of Malay who have memorized a portion of the Qur’an (10 juzu’ and below) participated in this experiment. Using the Tobii TX300 eye-tracking machine, participants’ eye movements, as they read to memorize four verses of the Qur’an (two with and two without Malay translations), were tracked, and their gaze plots were analysed qualitatively (via heat maps and scan paths). Results show evidence that Malay non-Arabic speakers’ act of reading the Qur’an to memorize it went beyond what is usually known as “cramming”; instead, the process involved finding the meaning of unknown words, so that the process of recalling the memorized verses can be done accurately and fluently.
 
Keywords: Cognitive processes, eye movements, memorization, psycholinguistics, Qur’an
 
Cited as: Salehuddin, K., Shahimin, M. M., Sulaiman, M. Z., & Md Zolkapli, R. B. (2019). Heat maps and scan paths: Qualitative eye tracking evidence on how the Qur’an is memorized through reading. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 4(2), 318-334. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol4iss2pp318-334