bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radiation Synthesis of Superabsorbent Poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid)-Sodium Alginate Hydrogels
Authors: Erizal Erizal , Sudirman Sudirman , Budianto Emil , Mahendra A. , Yudianti Rike
Published: August 2013

Sodium alginate (NaAlg) is considered to be a potential natural polymer for biomaterial applications, because of its hydrophilic properties that is capable to increase the swelling of hydrogels and biodegradable. This study describes the synthesis of a poly (acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) NaAlg superabsorbent hydrogels via crosslinking gamma radiation. The effect of irradiation dose (20-40 kGy) and NaAlg concentration (0.1-0.7 %) of on swelling of hydrogels were studied. The copolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph. The presence of the lowest (0.1%) NaAlg concentration provokes a significant increasing the equilibrium degree solution (EDS) of hydrogel up 800 g/g ,and the extent of gel fraction increases as a function irradiation dose up to about 99 %. The hydrogels were also found to be sensitive to the ionic strength of medium. The FTIR spectra of hydrogels were shown crosslinking occurs between acrylamide and acrylic acid and pores structures in the hydrogel observed by using SEM.
Study on Phase Stability during Pressure-Less Sintering Process of Slag α-Sialon Powder and Properties of As-Sintered Materials
Authors: Zhang He , Deng Yao , Zhang Ying , Jiang Jiu Xin
Published: August 2013

The pressure-less sintering of slag α-Sialon powder, derived from slag wastes by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis technology, was carried out and the phase assemblages of slag α-Sialon sintered at different temperatures were studied. The results showed that the formation of β-Sialon phase did occur during the pressure-less sintering and was restrained to some extent via mass diffusion of Ca2+/Mg2+ added in embedded powder in samples. α-Sialon phase with two different unit cells was detected in samples sintered at 1700°C and above, and the formation mechanism was also discussed.
Characterization of Lidocaine Transdermal Patches from Natural Rubber Latex
Authors: Boonme Prapaporn , Boontawee Hasleena , Taweepreda Wirach , Pichayakorn Wiwat
Published: August 2013

The mucous liquid of Hevea brasiliensis or Para rubber tree, called natural rubber latex (NRL), composes of cis-1,4-polyisoprene which can form a patch under suitable formulation. In this study, blank and 5% lidocaine-loaded NRL patches were formulated and then characterized for physicochemical properties as well as evaluated in vitro drug release and stability. The patches were observed for their appearances. Surface morphology of the patches was investigated using a SEM. XRD was employed to study the crystallinity of the drug, the patch, and the drug-loaded patch. The extractions of lidocaine-loaded patches were analyzed for drug contents by HPLC. In vitro drug release study was performed using modified Franz diffusion cells. The patches at initial preparation and after kept at 4, 25, and 45 °C for 3 months were investigated for the stability determination. The results suggested that NRL could be used as a main component in pharmaceutical transdermal patches with acceptable physicochemical properties. Lidocaine-loaded NRL patches provided desirable drug release but high storage temperatures could age the patches resulting in darken color and lower release amount.
Preparation of Solid Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System of Manidipine Hydrochloride
Authors: Nernplod Tassanee , Weerapol Yotsanan , Sriamornsak Pornsak
Published: August 2013

The ability of self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS), which is a mixture of oils, surfactants and co-surfactants, to improve dissolution rate of a poorly water-soluble drug, manidipine hydrochloride (MDP), was evaluated in this study. Liquid form of SEDDS containing caprylic/capric glyceride, polyoxyl 35 castor oil, and diethylene glycol monoethyl ether at a weight ratio of 1:1:8 was converted to solid SEDDS by adsorption on to different solid carriers, i.e., Aerosil® 200 and Sylysia® 320. The results demonstrated that the solid carrier of at least 50% (w/w) was required to adsorb liquid SEDDS containing MDP. The results from powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning colorimetry and scanning electron microscopy showed that MDP in solid SEDDS formulations was in amorphous form while a crystalline form was observed only in MDP raw material and its physical mixture. The in vitro dissolution of MDP from solid SEDDS using Sylysia® 320 was higher than that using Aerosil® 200 as a solid carrier. In summary, the solid SEDDS could be used as a carrier to improve the dissolution of MDP, a poorly water-soluble drug.
Nonlocal Elasticity Theory for Free Vibration of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Thongyothee Chawis , Chucheepsakul Somchai , Li Teng
Published: August 2013

This paper concerns with free vibration analysis of single-walled carbon nanotubes including the effect of small length scale based on the nonlocal elasticity theory. The governing equation of nanotube is derived from Euler beam theory including a nonlocal parameter in the function of masses. Classical solutions are obtained and then compared with the numerical solutions provided by finite element models. Effect of tube chirality and various geometrically boundary conditions are considered. The finite element models of nanotubes are assumed as the virtually analogous frame structures. In the numerical technique, the atomic masses existing on the both ends of beams are assigned by physical and chemical properties of carbon element. The results show that the natural frequencies significantly increase when the nonlocal parameters decrease. The numerical results are in good agreement with the classical solutions for the nanotubes with low aspect ratios and are acceptable for high aspect ratios. Furthermore, the first-ten mode shapes are demonstrated for various aspect ratios and boundary conditions, and the repeated natural frequencies are also highlighted in this study.
Stochastic First-Ply Failure Analysis of Laminated Composite Plates under in Plane Tensile Loading
Authors: Gadade Appaso M. , Lal Achchhe , Singh B.N.
Published: August 2013

The present work deals with second order statistics of first-ply failure response of geometrically nonlinear laminated composite plate subjected to in-plane tensile loading with random system properties. System properties such as the material properties and lamina plate thickness are modeled as independent random variables.The mathematical formulation is based on higher order shear deformation theory (HSDT) with von-Karman nonlinear kinematics. An efficient C0 nonlinear finite element method based on direct iterative procedure in conjunction with a first order perturbation approach (FOPT) is extended successfully and applied for failure problem in random environment and is employed to evaluate the dimensionless mean failure load and variance of failure index by modeling the system properties as basic random variables using Tsai-Wu and Hoffman failure criteria.Typical numerical results are presented to examine the effect of amplitude ratios, boundary conditions, lamination schemes with random system properties for different failure criterion.The results obtained using present solution approach is validated with the results available in the literatures.
Fabrication and Characterization of Shellac/2-Isopropyl-5-Methylphenol Composite Film Patch: Physical and Antimicrobial Properties
Authors: Thammachat Thanachod , Soradech Sitthiphong
Published: August 2013

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties and antimicrobial activity of shellac/2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol composite film patch. 2SHL was applied as a matrix film forming agent for antimicrobial film patch. The samples of IPMP loaded within SHL were prepared in a free film by the casting method. The SHL/IPMP composite film patch was characterized on the physicochemical properties such as: FTIR spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction and mechanical properties. Antimicrobial property was assessed against Staphylococcus aureus and E.coli. The results demonstrated that all films were easily prepared. However, the mechanical properties, XRD and FT-IR of composite film patch were dependent on the composition of blending film while the melting and solubility of film showed no change. The % elongation of the films was increased as the fraction of IPMP increased to 20%, resulting in more flexibility of shellac. The composite film could be formed by the hydrogen bonds, giving the change in physicochemical properties of films. These results were supported by the change in FT-IR and XRD pattern of composite film. The SHL/IPMP composite films exhibited the inhibition zone at 5% concentration of IPMP or more concentration. The diameter of inhibition zone was increased as increasing the percentage of IPMP. The result suggested that antimicrobial SHL/IPMP composite film patch could be achieved. In conclusion, shellac could be a promising polymer for fabrication of antimicrobial film patch, contributing to the widely used as medical products for wound dressing.
The Effect of Rice Husk Ash on Properties of Aerated Concrete
Authors: Kunchariyakun Kittipong , Asawapisit Suwimol , Sombatsompop Kwannate
Published: August 2013

In this study, rice husk ash (RHA) was used as an aggregate with different replacement levels (0%, 25%, 50%. 75% and 100%) to produce aerated concrete under normal and high-pressure steam curing at 180°C for 8 h. The physical and mechanical properties and microstructure analysis were examined. Results showed that the unit weight and compressive strength reduced when RHA was introduced. Both curing conditions have no significant effect on the unit weight, but high-pressure steam curing resulting in higher compressive strength of aerated concrete. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis reveals that crystalline tobermorite was detected in aerated concrete with high-pressure stream curing, whereas fibrous-CSH was found in aerated concrete with normal curing. Moreover, aerated concrete under high-pressure steam curing with 75% and 100% RHA dosages meet the requirement of ASTM C1368 for AAC-6 and AAC-4, respectively.
Investigation of Flame Retardant Properties of Poly(ethylene Terephthalate)/Silatrane Complex/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites
Authors: Sonsilchai Phawittra , Aht-Ong Duangdao
Published: August 2013

Poly (ethylene terephthalate) or PET was used in many applications such as packagings, textiles, electrical devices, and auto parts as well due to its good mechanical properties and dimensional stabilities, etc. However, the main drawback of PET is poor flame retardant and melt-dripping, which needed to be solved. Therefore, the aim of this research was to improve the flame retardant properties of PET by investigating the synergistic effects of flame retardant agents between silatrane complex and montmorillonite (MMT) at various concentrations. Silatrane complex was synthesized from silica through one pot process. The characteristic of the obtained silatrane complex was determined by FT-IR, SEM, and TGA. Various ratios of PET/silatrane complex/MMT nanocomposites were prepared by melt bending using a twin screw extruder and compressed into standard shape according to ASTM standard by a compression molding, respectively. Morphology, flame retardant properties, and mechanical properties of PET nanocomposites were investigated. The flame retardant properties were evaluated by LOI values and UL-94V rating. The results showed that mechanical properties of PET/silatrane complex/MMT nanocomposites were slightly different from those of the neat PET. The flame retardant properties showed that the LOI values of PET/silatrane complex/MMT nanocomposites were greater than that of neat PET and increased with increasing the silatrane complex concentration. The LOI value of PET/7%silatrane/2%MMT nanocomposite was increased up to 60.75%, compared with that of neat PET. While neat PET was classified into V-2 rating since it showed sustainable burning and melt-dripping behavior during burning process, PET/silatrane complex/MMT nanocomposites did not show such behavior and thus could be designated as V-0 rating. In addition, the results indicated that the MMT could occur synergistic effect with silatrane complex as well.
Fabrication of Fe-36Ni Alloy Powder from its Scrap
Authors: Yun Jung Yeul , Shin Shun Myung , Lee Dong Won , Kim Jong Nam , Wang Jei Pil
Published: August 2013

Ni-based superalloys are used extensively in the hot section of gas turbine engines owing to their inherent elevated temperature strength and creep resistance. As such, aircraft engine manufactures are continually striving to push the envelope of the capabilities of such high temperature structure materials in order to increase both engine performance and efficiency [1,2].
Development of Hyperelastic Model for Weldlines Containing Natural Rubber Molded Part
Authors: Chookaew Watcharapong , Mingbunjurdsuk Jirachai , Jittham Pairote , Patcharaphun Somjate
Published: August 2013

Several constitutive models of non-linear large elastic deformation based on strain-energy-density functions have been developed for hyperelastic materials. These models, coupled with the Finite Element Method (FEM), can effectively utilized by design engineers to analyze and design elastomeric products operating under the deformation states. However, due to the complexities of the mathematical formulation which can only obtained at the moderate strain and the assumption of material used for the analysis. Therefore it is formidable task for design engineer to make use of these constitutive relationships. In the present work, the strain-energy-density function of weldline containing rubber part was constructed by using the Neural Network (NN) model. The analytical results were compared to those obtained by Neo-Hookean, Mooney-Rivlin, Ogden models. Good agreement between developed NN model and the existing experimental data was found, especially at very low strain and at very high strain.
Papers as Functional Green Materials
Authors: Bloch Jean Francis , Ali Imtiaz , Passas Raphael , du Roscoat Sabine Rolland
Published: August 2013

Paper is constituted of natural fibers and represents a perfect example of structural multifunctional materials. Indeed, its fibrous structure is engineered to fit the different end use properties: both optical and mechanical properties are usually required. These requirements may lead to contradictory needs in terms of structure. The influence of the structure on the physical properties is classically tackled based on standard methods such as the estimation of the porosity. However, this macroscopic property is not sufficient in terms of optimization of the fibrous network. For example, fluid transport has to be controlled either in the bulk of the material or only at its surface in the case of health or printing applications. Consequently, the characterization at the macro-level of the structure has to be complemented with an experimental measurement at the fiber level. The X-ray synchrotron micro-tomography, an imaging technique, is based on X-ray transmission. It allows the structure to be analyzed in 3D. It was carried in a large instrument (ESRF, France). The characterization of samples containing different recycled fibers was carried out. In particular, the influence of the number of cycles of drying-pulping is studied. Both qualitative and quantitative characterizations are obtained.
The use of recycled fibers may also be included in the elaboration of materials, taking into account the modification of the fibers in terms of morphology and mechanical properties, essentially flexibility. Mechanical properties (tensile and deformation) constitute the main examples of the analysis showing the effect of the recycling of natural fibers: the decrease in mechanical resistance of the fibrous network is explained in terms of the increase of the global porosity, essentially in the bulk of the materials. The profile of porosity in the thickness direction is found to be essential to understand the evolution of physical properties.
Phase Structure, Microstructure and Electrical Properties of Lead-Free (1-x) [Na0.515K0.485]0.94Li0.06(Nb0.99Ta0.01)O3 - BiAlO3 Ceramics
Authors: Bomlai Pornsuda
Published: August 2013

Lead-free (1-x)[(Na0.515K0.485)0.94Li0.06(Nb0.99Ta0.01)O3]-xBiAlO3 (NKLNT-BA; x = 0, 0.005, 0.010, 0.015, and 0.020) ceramics were fabricated by a conventional mixed-oxide method. The effects of BiAlO3 addition on the phase structure, microstructure and electrical properties of ceramic were then studied. The result indicated that grain size decreased with increasing of BiAlO3 content. In the composition range studied, the perovskite phase with the coexistence of the orthorhombic and tetragonal phases was identified at approximately x 0.005 by the X-ray diffraction analysis and dielectric spectroscopy, which led to a significant enhancement of the piezoelectric properties. The tetragonality increased with further increasing x. The temperature dependence of dielectric properties showed that the addition of BiAlO3 slightly decreased the ferroelectric tetragonal-paraelectric cubic phase transition temperature (TC), but greatly shifted the polymorphic phase transition from the ferroelectric orthorhombic to the ferroelectric tetragonal phase (TOT) to lower room temperature. The dielectric and piezoelectric properties are enhanced for the composition near the orthorhombic-tetragonal polymorphic phase boundary. The unmodified-(Na0.515K0.485)0.94Li0.06(Nb0.99Ta0.01)O3 ceramics exhibit optimum electrical properties (d33 = 225 pC/N and TC = 418°C).
Temperature-Induced Shape Memory Characteristics of Epoxy Resin-Based Fabric-Reinforced Composites
Authors: Karger-Kocsis József
Published: August 2013

Shape memory characteristics of woven glass and carbon fiber fabric reinforced epoxy resin-based composites were assessed in bending mode using a dynamic mechanical analyzer. The reinforcement strongly improved the recovery stress but impaired the bending deformability. Composites with asymmetric fabric lay-up showed better performance when the reinforced section experienced local tension than compression during flexural loading.
A Technique for Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation via Germinating Seeds of Soybean
Authors: Liu Zhi Min , Xiong He Wen , Xie Hao , Qin Yu Tao , Zhao Yan Ran , Guo Bei
Published: August 2013

The plasmid (with resistant the herbicide glyphosate gene EPSPS and glufosinate resistance screening gene Bar) was transferred into soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] by agrobacterium-mediated transformation, and the Bar gene as the selectable marker coupled with glufosinate as a selective agent is described. This method used for transformation requires without tissue culture steps. Soybean seeds were germinated for 1 day, plumule, cotyledonary node, and adjacent regions were wounded with the tip. The wounded half-seeds were inoculated with agrobacterium tumefaciens cells harboring a recombinant DNA that contained the EPSPS and Bar genes. Polymerase chain reaction and two herbicides screened proved that the EPSPS gene has been transferred into soybean successfully; the transformation rate of soybean about was 0.37%.
A Hydride Generation-Nanosilver Surface Plasmon Resonance Absorption Spectral Method for the Determination of Trace Se(IV)
Authors: Liang Ai Hui , Liu Qing Ye , Wen Gui Qing , Li Ting Sheng , Jiang Zhi Liang
Published: August 2013

In HCl solution, the Se (IV) was reduced to SeH2 by NaBH4, and absorbed by solution of ethanol-AgNO3. The Ag+ was reduced to nanosilver that exhibited surface plasmon resonance absorption (SPR) peaks at 292 nm and 420 nm. Under the selected conditions, the value at 292 nm was linear to the concentration of Se (IV) in the range of 0.08-2.0 μg/mL, a detection limit of 0.04 μg/mL. The proposed method was applied to detect Se (IV) in water samples, with satisfactory results.
Review of Harmonic Detection Methods for Active Power Filters
Authors: Ma You Jie , Yuan Hong De , Zhou Xue Song
Published: August 2013

The problem of more and more serious reactive power and harmonic pollution to power systems is getting more and more serious, which has caused great concern. One of the key points for proper implementation of an APF is to use a reliable method for current/ voltage reference generation. Consequently, how to detect harmonic quickly and accurately becomes a crucial problem. From the perspective of historical development of detection methods, it experienced a course from frequency domain and time domain and neural network to Adaptive parameter identification. Several methods of measuring harmonic, such as wavelet/ S transform, Fourier transform are introduced and compared in this paper.
Summary of Chaos Research in Wind Power System
Authors: Ma You Jie , Song Shuang , Zhou Xue Song
Published: August 2013

Due to the complexity of wind power system, it would make chaotic phenomenon which had existed in power system, a typical nonlinear system,receive more attentions. With its own characteristics, causes and hazards of chaos, it is determined to be valuable in research. At present, the wind power system chaotic phenomenon has become another popular direction in the study of wind power system. Its significance and prospect can be very large.
Synthesis of F-TiO2 Nanosheets and its Photocatalytic Oxidation of Benzene to Phenol
Authors: Qin Hua , Lin Wei , Zhang Zhi Chao , Cheng Jun Yang , Kong Yan
Published: August 2013

F-TiO2 nanosheets were synthesized by alcohothermal method. Surface fluorination enhances the absorption of TiO2 in the visible region. Meanwhile, the strongest electronegativity of the fluorine reduces recombination of electrons and holes. Thus compared with the naked TiO2, the F-TiO2 has excellent photocatalytic properties in oxidation of benzene to phenol. The results suggest that benzene conversion and phenol selectivity are up to 35.6% and 93.8%, respectively.
Enhanced Cu (II) Adsorption from Aqueous Solutions by Sawdust (Quercus mongolica) Pretreated by Ionic Liquid-Water Mixture
Authors: Ma Ning Ning , Wei Peng , Wei Li Gang , Ma Ying Chong , Li Kun Lan , Feng Kun , Wang Ying Qi
Published: August 2013

This work investigated the feasibility of Quercus mongolica sawdust pretreated by an ionic liquid-water mixture as a biosorbent for Cu (II) removal from aqueous solutions. Maximum Cu (II) biosorption of 32.6 mg/g is obtained at initial pH 4.3 using sawdust pretreated by a 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C4miCl)-water mixture (IL content 60%) at 90oC, which is higher than that of unpretreated sawdust (23.0 mg/g, initial pH 6.1). The proposed method is effective in enhancing adsorption capacity of the biomass in comparison to the conventional methods using sulfur acid or sodium hydroxide solutions.
Decomposition of Hydroxyapatite in Hydroxyapatite/Zirconia Composites for Dental Applications
Authors: Leong C.H. , Lim K.F. , Muchtar Andanastuti , Yahaya Norziha
Published: August 2013

Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been widely used as a biomaterial because HA has excellent biocompatibility, but the mechanical properties of HA are not sufficiently strong for dental applications. To enhance these mechanical properties, zirconia (ZrO2) has been introduced as a second phase material. However, doping of ZrO2 favors HA decomposition at low temperatures. In this paper, the effect of adding ZrO2 on HA decomposition is discussed. Experimental results in previous studies are compared with theoretical results of chemical equations. The ideal percentage of doped ZrO2 should be <10 wt.% to prevent HA decomposition unless a special sintering method is applied.
Effects of Carriers on Amination of Ethanol to Acetonitrile over Catalysts Loaded with Cu
Authors: Deng Jun , Zhang Hong Sheng , Hu Yun Feng , Liu Ying , Wang Dan Dan
Published: August 2013

In this study, we first purposefully synthesized SAPO-11 and Na-ZSM-23 molecular sieves. The catalysts loaded with Cu were prepared by using seven typical carriers, including Montmorillonite-K10, USY, SAPO-11, Na-ZSM-23, γ-Al2O3, ZnO and MgO, and the performance of the catalysts was tested for amination of ethanol. The results demonstrate that the acid-base property of the carriers is closely related with the results of amination of ethanol over the catalysts. Among all these catalysts, 15%Cu/Na-ZSM-23 shows the highest yield of acetonitrile.
Coating Nano-Nickel Film on Cenospheres by Magnetic Sputtering Method
Authors: Xu Zheng , Yu Xiao Zheng , Shen Zhi Gang
Published: August 2013

The compacted even nanonickel film was coated on the surface of cenospheres of the fly ash from coal-burning power plants (3070 μm, particle density 0.3344g/cm3) which are hollow spheres with a shell consisting of quartz and mullite by magnetic sputtering technology. The optical microscope, scanning electric microscope and X-ray diffraction was use to examine the properties and the thickness of the coated nanonickel film. The results show that magnetic sputtering method is efficient to coat smooth, even and tightly combined nanonickel films on the cenospheres surface. The coated cenospheres can be widely used in industries.
Effects of 1-MCP and Controllable-Release SO2 Packaging on Cold Preservation of Grapes (C.V. Muscat Hamburg)
Authors: Jiang Yan Ru , Fu Ya Bo , Li Dong Li , Xu Wen Cai
Published: August 2013

1-MCP is an ethylene inhibitor which can effective reduce the grape respiration. SO2 controllable-release packaging film is a self-made three-layer composite film which can release SO2 fungicide intelligently. In this work, we investigated the combined effects of 1-MCP and controllable-release SO2 packaging on grapes preservation under 5°C over 75 days. Grapes (C.V. Muscat Hamburg) were packed in three groups: controllable-release SO2 packaging with and without a 1-MCP sachet, and LDPE film packaging as control. Then, the headspace gas concentration in the packaging was evaluated. The physiological properties of grapes, including weight loss, decay incidence, grape stem browning, titratable acidity (TA) and total soluble solids content were evaluated, respectively. The experimental results showed that grapes packed by controllable-release SO2 packaging and 1-MCP achieved the best preservation effect. It decreased grapes stem browning and decay incidence, compared with the other treatments. The reason may be that it provided the grapes a suitable gas atmosphere, decreased the grape respiration rate and hence prolonged Muscat Hamburg grapes storage life.
Structures and Undercooling Technology of Ag-28.1 wt.% Cu Eutectic Alloy
Authors: Zhao Su , Wei Dong Lai , Miao Qing
Published: August 2013

Effects of the technological parameters (superheat, cycle times and holding time) on undercooling and structure of Ag-28.1 wt.% Cu eutectic alloy were discussed by orthogonal experiment. It shows that the influence of the superheat on undercooling is biggest, followed by cycle times, and finally holding time. Then the optimum process parameters of getting different undercooling are given in this paper. In the Ag-28.1 wt.% Cu eutectic alloy melt, cellular growth of lamellar eutectics takes place because of the large difference in composition between the two eutectic phases and the very large thermal diffusion coefficient of the liquid, and when undercooling is equal to or higher than 76 K, lamellar eutectics grow in a dendritic form during rapid solidification.
Microstructure and Corrosion Properties of Mg-Zn-Ca-Nd Alloy for Biomedical Application
Authors: Jiang Dong Mei , Cao Zhan Yi , Guo Liang , Sun Xu , Zhang Jin Ling
Published: August 2013

The microstructure and corrosion properties of the as-cast Mg-Zn-Ca-Nd alloys were investigated in this study. The results showed that the alloy was mainly composed of α-Mg solid solution and the secondary phases of MgZn, Ca2Mg6Zn3 and Mg41Nd5. The portion of precipitated phases was increased with the increment of Nd content. Both electrochemical measurement and immersion test indicated that Mg-4Zn-0.5Ca-1.0Nd had the best corrosion resistance in SBF solution. This is attributed to a combination of (1) the uniform microstructure of alloy, and (2) a lower volume fraction of second phases. In the Mg-4Zn-0.5Ca-3.0Nd alloy, the corrosion rate might slow down due to finer dendrite cells were surrounded by the more continuous second phases along the grain boundary and in the α-Mg matrix.
Simulation and Experimental Research of Hydraulic Actuator for Automatic Transmission
Authors: Song Yong Dao , Cheng Xiu Sheng , Gu Qiang , Hu Hua Bin
Published: August 2013

The accurate control of hydraulic actuator is critical for automatic transmission to launch or shift smoothly. The mathematical and simulation model of proportional flow valve based on Matlab/Simulink were established , and hydraulic actuator control arithmetic based on NNPC(Neuro Network Predictive Control) was introduced to realize accurate control of clutch displacement. The experiment was carried out and the rusults showed that the model of proportional flow valve was correct and hydraulic actuator intelligent control algorithm based on NNPC had good adaptive ability and high precision.
Modeling and Analysis of an Gantry Crane with Flexible Cable
Authors: Du Wen Zheng , Xie Zheng
Published: August 2013

This paper introduces a novel mathematical model that using the Hamiltons' principle to set up coupled dynamics model of gantry cranes with flexible cable. By using finite element method to solve the equations that govern the motion of the crane system. Numerical simulations for the coupled dynamics model are presented for various operating conditions, and compared to the simulation results of the model with cranes made with rigid cable under the same working conditions. From the consequence, we can get the effects of cable's flexibility on gantry crane's kinematical properties; According to the conclusions, this paper defines two parameters of the gantry cranes, and qualitatively analyzes the two parameters' effects on dynamics kinematical properties of gantry cranes.
Strength Analysis of Composite Material Underwater Vehicle
Authors: Li Bin , Yang Zhuo Yi , Zhu Xiao Meng , Song Lei
Published: August 2013

According to the design method of composite material mechanics based on laminate theory, structure of an underwater vehicle, which is made of twill woven carbon fiber composite material, was analyzed simulatively under the lifting condition with the finite element analysis software. Performance parameters of the laminated composite material were obtained from the mechanical performance testing experiment and applied to the analysis. In the two point handling condition, for the underwater vehicle structure, maximum deformation or displacement has a large safety redundancy to the test standard value. And the structure maximum stress is far less than the allowable strength limit of carbon fiber laminated plate acquired from the tensile experiment. It has an obvious advantage compared with metal frame structures.
The Finite Element Analysis of Y Seal Ring for Hydraulic Support Column
Authors: Lu Ping , Dai Su Wei
Published: August 2013

In order to understand its performance before seal ring putting into use, the paper selects the commonly used polyurethane Y-sealing ring, establishes a model of Y-ring using finite element analysis software and simulates the work environment of seal ring. The deformation and stress of Y-ring under various working pressure can be obtained to summary the deformation and stress rules, as well as the possible crack positions of Y-ring.
The CAD/CAE System for Pot Rubber Bearing Based on VB
Authors: Han Peng Biao , Cao Kan , Li Jun , Liu Qing Hua , Meng Xian Ju
Published: August 2013

The current design method of the pot rubber bearing and the existing problems have been analysised.It was ensured that dimension driving method was applied in the SolidWorks modeling driven by Visual Basic. The pre-processing of FEA on the upper bearing plate based on SolidWorks Simulation was ensured, and took the part as an example to show how to use Visual Basic to drive SolidWorks Simulation to realize FEA.
Developing CAM Software with Open CASCADE
Authors: Liang Quan , Su Dong Hai , Wang Jie , Wang Ye Mu
Published: August 2013

For the current problem of CAM engineering is high cost and long development cycle with commercial CAD kernel, this paper proposed a method which uses open-source Open CASCADE kernel to develop trajectory planning software method, described in detail the composition of the Open CASCADE kernel, highlights its base class, model data, modeling algorithm, visualization module in the CAM software development, given a trajectory planning instance using the method developed. From trajectory generation effect, the proposed method is a fast and efficient method of development of CAM software.
Research on Complex Modeling Based on ElevationGrid Node of VRML
Authors: Pan Tong , Li Xiao Jing , Yu Qiu Shui , Wang Hao Peng
Published: August 2013

The paper concluded the Grammatical Structure and standardized application in VRML, summarized the method of realizing complex modeling by using ElevationGrid node, and gave the test program based on the method, and then served for the complex modeling of VRML.
Virtual Reality Imaging Display Technology Research and Realization
Authors: Deng Lei Lei , Zhang Xiao Ming
Published: August 2013

Application of double center projection algorithm for stereo image generation, The related calculation formulas are introduced, And a detailed description of the OpenGL Stereo display a cube steps, using red and green filters to generate eye stereoscopic image observation. Through the above experiment, calculated using the double center projection algorithm can obtain better stereo effect, It can be widely applied to buildings and scene roaming a variety of occasions.
Anti-Interference Optimal Design of Grain Combine Harvester Multiple Target Working Speed Control Model
Authors: Wang Xin , Fu Han , Chen Du , Wang Shu Mao
Published: August 2013

Harvesting speed is a key factor that influences working quality, utilization and harvest efficiency of the working process of grain combine harvester. In order to solve multi-objective control and poor anti-interference ability of measurement system in combine harvester, this paper uses optimization theory and error analysis theory to integrate analyze multi-source disturbance of data which is acquired in measurement and control system. The optimum working state control algorithm which proposes by this paper has better robust and anti-interference features, and what is more, it can be targeted by low yield loss, high productivity and low power cost. It provides theoretical basis and data support for the domestic agricultural harvesting machine, which also is an effective means to heighten the automatic level of the agricultural information technology. Keywords: Grain Combine harvester; Multiple control strategy; Anti-interference ability
Design of Deployable Antenna Based on SMPC
Authors: Jia Bao Xian , Cheng Qing , Bian Wen Feng
Published: August 2013

In order to get the deployable antenna with light weight but large size and high stiffness, this study investigated SMPC self-deployable driver mechanism based on the deformation mechanism of SMPC, and designed the SMPC space deployable antenna. The laminated shell structure with two pieces of back-to-back configuration was analyzed. Finite element analysis revealed that the reasonable central angle of the laminated shell cross-section was 90°. The ends fixing structure of the SMPC hinge was given. The function and structure of the hoop truss deployable antenna were designed to meet the functional and accuracy requirements.
Study on Relationship of Feeding Form and Threshing-Cleaning Rate of Corn Ears
Authors: Li Xin Ping
Published: August 2013

For improving threshing-cleaning rate of corn ears in the process of threshing and mastering relationship of threshing-cleaning rate of corn ears and moisture content of kernel, feeding form of corn ears, threshing roller speeds, the experiments of corn ears threshed under different feeding form of corn ear and different threshing roller speeds and different moisture content of kernels was proceeded on the threshing device with dual-feeding entrances. Experiment indicate : when the value of moisture content of kernel is 25%, threshing-cleaning rate of corn ears is lower than the value of 13.5% moisture content of kernel; when corn ear is fed from A feeding entrance, the impacting and threshing way is the main threshing way, threshing-cleaning rate of corn ears is high; when corn ear is fed from B feeding entrance, the way with different speeds threshing parts is the main threshing way, threshing-cleaning rate of corn ears is low; when corn ear is fed from A feeding entrance and B feeding entrance, threshing-cleaning rate of corn ears will increase with increase of threshing roller speed under same moisture content.
Analysis and Design of an Exponential Charge Pump
Authors: Zhu Yan
Published: August 2013

This paper analyzed efficiency performance of two most popular charge pumps: Linear Dickson charge pump and the Exponential Dickson charge pump. The analysis result indicated that in a certain range, exponential charge pump had a much higher efficiency than the linear one. With this analysis result, a novel exponential charge pump was proposed. The simulation result shows the proposed charge pump has a 18.4% improvement in efficiency.
Torque Motor of the Turntable Key Components of the Ultra-Precision Optical Aspheric Machine Tool
Authors: Xu Yu Kun , Jiang Zhuang De , Yang Shu Ming , Yang Lin , Long Xing Yuan
Published: August 2013

Due to the geometry complexity and high precision requirement, there are many challenges in the design, manufacture and measurement of ultra-precision micro-structured freeform surfaces with form accuracy at sub-micrometer and surface finish in nanometer range. Successful manufacturing of ultra-precision micro-structured freeform surface relies on the high precision of machine tools. The precision, stability and repeatability of the turntable are the key factors of the high precision machine tools. Thanks to the large number of poles, mechanical transmission elements associated backlash and frictional losses are dispensed with, torque motors are more frequently applied to rotary tables and axes. This paper demonstrates the selection process of the torque motor for precision turntable under certain conditions. Two torque motors are selected according to the pre-given boundary conditions and both have appropriate torque to drive the given rotational object.
Key Technology of Form Grinding Wheel’s Axis Section’s Derivation
Authors: Zhang Ling , Yao Bin , Shen Zhi Huang , Zhao Wen Chang , Zhou Bin
Published: August 2013

Upon researching on the form grinding principle of rotor of the twin-screw compressor, firstly, this article gives the mathematical model of acquiring form grinding wheels axis section from screw rotors end section which is given by a series of discrete points. Then some key technologies to solve problems during the derivation of grinding wheels axis section and relevant research method to optimize the best setting angle have been analyzed. And last, the results of simulation and actual processing prove that this method is reliable and can meet the requirements of machining precision.
Household Automatic Grain-Bagging Machine System
Authors: Wang Ting Jun , Zhang Jing Wei
Published: August 2013

A small automatic grain-bagging machine system for household is presented on the basis of analyzing the demand for grain-bagging in household with more cultivated lands. The household automatic grain-bagging machine (HAGBM) is composed of grain conveyer device, opening and hanging bag device, automatic weighing measurement device, grain bagging device, sewing bag device and control system. Their structures are detailedly analyzed and 3D models are built up by Solidworks software. Control system has been discussed. It adopts PLC to control four motors and a weight sensor. The results indicate that four opening and hanging bag mechanisms installed on a rotatable platform complete four main processes of automatic grain-bagging. HAGBM suits automatic grain-bagging of households. It has small machine, high efficiency, and easy disassembling. It has more practical significance under lacking of young rural labor force.
The Study of LEFP Based on One Part of Semicircle Liner
Authors: Liu Jie , Du Zhong Hua , Liu Rong Zhong , Dong Yu Cai
Published: August 2013

In order to obtain the forming and the velocity of LEFP(Linear Explosively Formed Penetrators) based on one part of semicircle liner, the X-ray radiography and test velocity technology are used to obtain the forming and velocity of LEFP. In this paper, an analytical approach to describe the two-dimensional liner motion of LSCs is addressed firstly at a detonation-point. The relationship of LEFP flight distance can approximate a linear equation to estimate the distance of LEFP before contacting target. Experimental results showed that the shape of LEFP likes a scimitar according to gray image, and LEFP can close around linear explosive charge length axis direction.
Dynamic Study for Working Device of PE-250*400 Crusher
Authors: Bo Shao Jun , Guo Rui Bin , Zhu Hao
Published: August 2013

The jaw crusher run in high speed and heavy load, high requirements for the working device performance. This paper analyse the gap between the eccentric shaft and movable jaw. Firstly, jaw crusher establish geometric model, the kinematic pair clearance two state model theory, establish the clearance contact model and the clearance friction model, based on the ADAMS software, establish the gap with the working device in the jaw crusher models. The jaw of the velocity and acceleration and the eccentric shaft and the movable jaw contact force dynamic characteristics analysis of gap is not at the same time, analysis of the results showed that gap has great influence on the dynamic characteristics of mechanism.
Dynamic Vibration Absorber Design to Suppress Boring Chatter: Absorber Parameters Identification Based on Modal Correlation
Authors: Hu Zhen Kun , Wang Ming , Zan Tao
Published: August 2013

The dynamic vibration absorber (DVA) is generally used to suppress the machining vibration in boring processes. The DVA consists of an additional massspringdamper sub-system, and needs accurately tuning of its natural frequency and damping ratio to match the main structure for vibration control. For obtaining the optimal performance of the DVA, the parameters of the DVA used in a boring bar is identified using modal correlation method, which combines the finite element analysis method with test modal method to validate the FEMs results. The analysis results show that the modal correlation method is an effective and simple method to accurately identify the dynamic parameters of DVA and guarantee the optimal design of the DVA for boring chatter control.
Research on the Warship Equipment Maintenance Support Capability Assessment Based on Four Members Compositive Arithmetic
Authors: Xiao Ding , Zhang Li , Hu Ji Cheng , Wang Ping , Cao Zhe
Published: August 2013

The warship equipment maintenance support capability assessment was a complicated systems engineering. It deal with many factors. Some factors were fuzzy. Some factors were grey. So, the paper evaluated the capability of a warship equipment support system by an example based on the four members compositive arithmetic. The result indicates that the method calculates simply, all-purpose character is better and it provides a new thought-road for resolving the similar problem.
Evaluation of Variation Mechanical Properties in AZ91D Magnesium Alloy Processed by Extrusion and ECAP
Authors: Xie Bao Zhi
Published: August 2013

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of AZ91D magnesium alloys which was processed by EX-ECAP at 473K were investigated in this study. Microstructural inspection showed that the EX-ECAP was effective in refine grain size of the alloy. Tensile testing at room temperature showed that the ductility, strength and hardness of the alloy have been significantly increased by EX-ECAP. The alloy exhibited excellent superplastic properties in the form of the maximum elongation of ~218% at 473K using an initial strain rate of 3×10-4s-1.
The Application of Layout Heuristic Optimization Algorithm in Operational Model
Authors: Liu Shu Yuan
Published: August 2013

In order to solve the layout NP complete problem, this paper analyzes the layout optimization model and algorithm, This kind of problems involved in operational research, data structures, algorithm analysis, artificial intelligence, computer network, etc. multi-discipline knowledge. Layout problems widely exist in practice, the main research rectangular optimal layout, Rectangular optimal layout is a series of rectangular parts reasonably emissions in raw material, make the highest utilization of raw material, And the optimization mathematical model is established, and the use of heuristic algorithm to solve the rectangular optimal layout problem. Simulation experiment showed that the optimization algorithm is effective.
Tolerance Prediction for Forming Force of Upsetting-Extruding Process by Using Points of Monomial Cubature Rules
Authors: Wei Dong Lai , Zhao Su , Ni Rui Yang , Wang Tao , Jin Ye Jun , Wang Jing , Zhai Ming Li
Published: August 2013

An efficient method for estimating the range of forming force for an upsetting-extruding process was proposed, which may be useful to choose appropriate forming equipment. The accurate prediction of the forming force of an upsetting-extruding process is the key to form a work piece successfully. However, the forming force is variable in a certain range for the variation of material and process parameters. In general, the variation is dominated by some of the main effects and lower-order interactions due to the sparsity-of-effect principle. Therefore, the construction of polynomial chaos expansion with points of monomial cubature rules, which need fewer points than other kinds of integral, is particularly attractive in dealing with computational model for the forming simulation. An automobile threated plate is used to illustrate the validation of the method.
An Algorithm of Adaptive Variable Spacing for Arc Fitting Non-Circular Curve
Authors: Pan Ying Hui , Fang Shi Yin , Guo Bo
Published: August 2013

The Numerical Control (NC) systems are only linear and circular interpolation function, and the non-circular curve must be fitted with them before processed. There are many algorithms of fitting curve with arc, but most of them have some shortcomings, such as the numbers of fitting data points and arcs segments are too many, the error controlling are difficult in arc fitting , the programming are difficult to meet the real-time NC processing requirement and so on. This paper proposed a new algorithm, which could quickly and automatically determine the best node for fitting curve with arc according to the change of curvature and the machining error. It could ensure the machining precision and efficiency. The algorithm could be directly completed programming and processing by the NCs macro program function without any other auxiliary software. The detailed algorithm process and the application programming were given.