bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE FEASIBILITY OF MICRO-CRYOGENIC TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION FOR ENHANCING DOMESTIC NATURAL GAS UTILIZATION, CASE STUDY : NATURAL GAS PROVISION AT R & D CENTRE FOR OIL AND GAS TECHNOLOGY "LEMIGAS"
Authors: Caryana Yusep K
Published: March 2024

Indonesia with a huge natural gas reserves distributed in various islands and separated by sea has utilized the gas for domestic energy source and petrochemical feedstock purposes. Transportation of the gas to its consumers can be in the form of either pipeline gas or Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) schemes. Selection of the scheme chosen is determined based on its economic evaluation and technical reliability. The distribution of gas reserves in various islands segmented by sea in Indonesia in combination with economic activity concentration especially in Java island bring about difficulties in gas development due to the up-front massive investment required on gas pipe laying or LNG plant construction. It is therefore required to find a cheaper alternative to the scheme with an established safety standard application, in order that the domestic gas utilization will be able to be enhanced and thus reducing petroleum liquid import. An alternative that can be significantly considered is micro-cryogenic technology development in Indonesia for constructing a low capacity LNG plant so that a small scule of LNG can be economically produced. The LNG is then distributed to gas consumers at regions which has no existing and will not be viable for new gas network installation. Micro-cryogenic technology application is thought to be developed considering a preliminary feasibility study results. The study found that micro-cryogenic technology is around US$ 0,75 million (68,2%) cheaper than gas pipeline technology to provide natural gas for Gas Demonstration Plant operation at R D Centre for Oil and Gas Technology "Lemigas"
ESTIMATING POROSITY AND WATER SATURATION FROM SEISMIC/ACOUSTIC SIGNALS: A CORRECTION ON THE EFFECT OF SHALINESS
Authors: Widarsono Bambang , Saptono Fakhriyadi
Published: March 2024

The presence of shale in sedimentary rocks tends to introduce complexity in any formation evaluation activities. This is also the case when efforts are spent in estabilishing a method that enables analysts to estimate porosity and water saturation from seismic survey.
STUDY OF HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT FOR THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRIES
Authors: Mulyono M. , Desrina R. , Legowo Evita H.
Published: March 2024

Study of hazardous waste treatment and management for the oil and gas industries has been conducted by Lemigas Team to observe the existing guidelines and the implementation of the guidelines in hazardous waste management. The study also includes a selection of the government regulation that should be considered in the hazardous waste treatment and management for the oil and gas industries. Results of the study indicate that the oil industry does not conduct treatment processes for all hazardous wastes that are generated. Some of them, especially those of non-specific hazardous wastes are stored in a temporary storage facility and managed off site for treatment or disposal to a commercial hazardous waste facility. The off-site waste management requires the use of a document termed a manifest for tracking its transport on a "cradle-to-grave" basis. The most prominent problem faced by the oil production industries, however, is the vast generation of wastes from production operation activities such as drilling mud, oil contaminated soil, and oil tank sludge and pit sludge. All of these wastes need to be handled properly. This paper presents the results of the study describing the existing guidelines used by the oil and gas industry and its implementation as well as reviewing the government regulation related to hazardous waste management and the technologies that can be applied in mitigating the hazardous wastes generated by the oil and gas industries.
SELECTED INDONESIAN MICROBES POTENTIALS FOR MEOR
Authors: Kadarwati S. , Udiharto M. , Hs Noegroho Hadi , Doria Indria
Published: March 2024

Oil recovery can be increased through the activities of microbes in a process known as Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR). MEOR technology has been implemented in a number of oil producing companies and has proven to have a good prospect, environmentally friendly and low cost. The microbes which proliferate in Indonesian oil fields should be subjected to laboratory identification. Samples of formation water, oil, and soil were taken from various oil fields. These oil fields were selected on account of their reservoir temperatures which promise optimum growth of microbes. In order that MEOR can be applied in these oil fields, the existing microbes in their oil wells were isolated and identified. Based on the results of isolation and identification activities several indigenous bacteria species were obtained from the oil well environment. The potential of each bacteria species for use in MEOR process depends on their ability to live and grow in the reservoir environment as well as the bioproducts produced, such as biosurfactant, bioacid, and biosolvent. The bioproducts produced depend on the inherent capability of the isolate as well as the support of the medium and environmental condition. From the tests of their capability to grow in hydrocarbons, and live in semianaerobic condition, 12 isolates, were selected and some isolates were found to produce such bioproducts. The selected microbes and nutrient have been experimented by using microbial core flooding apparatus. The result has a good prospect for implementation in the oil field.
TROPICAL EOCENE PALYNOMORPHS FROM THE TORAJA FORMATION, KALUMPANG, SOUTH SULAWESI
Authors: Lelono Eko Budi
Published: March 2024

This study enables to prove the occurrence of the tropical Eocene palynomorphs within the South Sulawesi area.
STRATIGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION OF THE MIDDLE MIOCENE DELTAIC SEDIMENT IN THE SANGATTA AREA, BASED ON QUANTITATIVE PALYNOLOGICAL DATA
Authors: Budi Lelono Eko Budi
Published: March 2024

This study demonstrates the ability of palynology in helping explorationist to comprehend the stratigraphic framework of the middle Miocene formation in the Sangatta area.
A PROPOSED METHOD FOR OBTAINING INTER-WELL TRUE RESISTIVITY (R) FROM SEISMIC DATA – A FIELD TRIAL
Authors: Widarsono Bambang , Saptono Fakhriyadi
Published: March 2024

Information about spatial distribution of rock true resistivity (Rt) throughout an oil or gas field is always desired.
STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF BIOCIDE ON MORPHOLOGY AND STRUCTURE OF PAECILOMYCES SP. BY USING TEM AND SEM
Authors: Kadarwati Sri , Legowo Evita H.
Published: March 2024

Fungi is one of the types of microbe that can grow in avtur and can give a serious effect, causing fatal accident due to fuel system clogging.
INFLUENCE OF HYDROCARBON COMPOSITION OF NAPHTHA FEED ON THE YIELD AND OCTANE NUMBER OF REFORMATE
Authors: Nasution A.S.
Published: March 2024

The rapidly increasing demand for high octane num- ber gasoline and aromatic hydrocarbon as a petrochemical feedstock has promoted refiners to seek methods of improving yields of these valuable products. The purpose of catalytic reforming is to convert a low-octane distillate fraction boiling within the gasoline range into high-octane blending stock and low aromatic hydrocarbons. The increase in the octane number of low-octane naphtha reformer feed can therefore be regardel as the transformation of naphthenes and paraffins into aromatics; resulting in the highest octane improvement. Paraffin and C,ring naphthene aromatization are guided by the metal and acid sites of bifunctional reforming catalyst. In order to obtain more information about the influence of hydrocarbon composition of naphtha reformer feed on the yield and research octane number of reformate, an experiment has been carried out to study the conversion of pure hydrocarbon (ie cyclohexane, methylcyclopentane and n.hexane); and naphthenes, and peraffins of three types of naphtha feeds with various hydrocarbon compositions using bifunctional reforming catalyst. The operating conditions: temperatures: 400 to 500 C, pressure: 10 to 30 bars and H/HC ratio = 8 mole/mole. A Catatest Unit operated in a continuous system was used in this experiment. Gas and liquid product samplers taken from gas and liquid samplers, respectively, were analyzed for their hydrocarbon using a Gas Liquid Chromatography.
DATA PREPARATION FOR WATER INJECTION LABORATORY TEST
Authors: Makmur Tjuwati , Nuraini Nuraini
Published: March 2024

Oil production limit that is usually followed by decrease of oil productivity in old fields is a major problem and can't be avoided. This case happened when cumulative oil production has approached primary recovery method. Decrease of the action of native reservoir energy is followed by drastically increase of production of water (saturation almost 100 %). In relation to this, a method is needed to obtain the additional oil recovery. Water injection method is one of the solutions to solve oil production problem that happened in old fields. It is expected that by using water injection method, productivity and oil recovery in old fields can be improved. Water that is used as the fluid injected into reservoir to improve oil recovery is sea water. How far oil recovery can be improved by using water injection method, is determined by a laboratory research. Before carrying out water injection laboratory test; one has to know what are the main points that play important role in determining the optimal oil recovery by water injection method. These are: firstly, basic parameters, secondly, laboratory test for water flooding, thirdly, the displacement of water injection process, then, standard operational procedure, next, water injection to obtain the additional oil recovey, lastly, the results are plotted a figure and or tabulated as the result of water injection laboratory test is obtained. In relation to the mentioned above, it will be better to write a scientific paper of water injection laboratory test. This paper is written based on our experience in enhanced oil recovery research (EOR), supported by textbook, such ás American Petroleum Institute, Petroleum Production Handbook and Standard Corrosion and water Technology For Petroleum Producers. Therefore, the main focus of this paper is "Data Preparation for Water Injection Laboratory Test". Hopefully, the contents of this paper give precious and useful informations, that is extremely valuable not only for LEMIGAS as Research and Development Centre for Oil and Gas technology, but also for the oil industry of the Departement of Petroleum Engineering of the universities in Indonesia
CALCIUM SULFATE SCALE IN THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
Authors: Poernomo Hadi , Makmur Tjuwati
Published: March 2024

Oilfield scale is defined as the precipitation of hard, adherent deposits of inorganic solid originating from aqueous media. This constitutes sulfate and carbonate of the alkaline earth metals calcium, barium and strontium and complex salts of iron. Generally, the process of the scale deposition occurs when the product solubility of a compound considered is exceeded. The formation of scale, such as calcium sulfate, has long recognised as one of the serious problems in oil and gas production leading to reduced production rates as flow becomes restricted. Calcium sulfate scale found in the oilfield is in the form of gypsum (CaSO4, 2H2,0) which is the most stable form at temperatures of 40 °C or less at atmosphere pressure. Above this temperature, anhydrite (CaSO4,) may be found, although hemihydrate (CaSO. 1/2H,O) may form under certain conditions. The reaction for precipitation of calcium sulfate is as follows: Ca+2 (aq) + so4-2 (aq) = CaSO4 (solid) The solubility of calcium sulfate in distilled water is 2080 mg/l at 25 "C. Calcium sulfate scale arises from several causes, such as temperature, dissolved salts, pressure, and time. The main points of this paper are focused on nomenclature, chemical structure, the occurrence of calcium sulfate scale, example of calcium sulfate scale in the petroleum industry, and calculation of calcium sulfate solubility in brine.
INVESTIGATIONS ON THE STORAGE EFFICIENCY OF CO2 IN CARBONATE AQUIFERS
Authors: Sugihardjo Sugihardjo
Published: March 2024

The production of associated and nonassociated gas increases due to additional new oil and gas fields. Consequently, there will be an increase of CO2 released from associated gas, and especially, from nonassociated gas. Actually, CO2 may still be utilized in an attempt of increasing oil recovery through the methods of EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery) or IOR (Improved Oil Recovery). In general, on the one hand, the CO2 availability in the atmosphere is still be needed for the photosynthesis process. But, on the other hand, this gas can stimulate the greenhouse effect that influences the global warming and weather changes. Prior being utilized, CO2 can be stored first in the depleted oil reservoirs or in the aquifers. The feasibility of these reservoirs or aquifers as a CO2 storage can be determined through the mechanisms of CO2 /water injection, or CO2 solubility in the water. For the purpose of several experiments, specific characters of the cores and formation water were decided taken from a representative carbonate reef formation in West Java region to substitute the samples from Natuna Field. The experiments were then continued on studying the CO2 solubility in the formation water not only at constant volume but also with varied volume, and also the CO2 storage efficiency in the carbonate rocks saturated with water.
THE MANAGEMENT OF SPENT CATALYST OF HYDROCONVERSION PROCESSES IN ASEAN REFINERIES
Authors: Nasution A.S. , Jasjfi E.
Published: March 2024

Catalytic processing is a keystone of today’s petroleum refining. The catalytic processes applied in the potreleum industry are generally large scale. In today’s operating climate of increased attentiveness toward environmental and safety issues, spent catalyst management options have became an important consideration for refiners. A catalyst deactivation determines how it can be handled after it is discharged from the processing unit. The type of the catalyst and its condition (whether it is considered hazardous) often determines the disposal route selected. Because of the self-heating and leaching problems associated with spent hydrotreating catalyst,it is recommended that refiners ship their spent catalysts to what is called “true recycles”. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), for example, is in the process of reevaluating the designation of spent hydroprocessing catalyst as an hazardous waste. Out of 3,837 MBPSD total crude oil currently processed in ASEAN (Brunai Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippenes, Singapore, Thailand, not including Vietnam, Laos and Myanmar) arround 61 percent volume is passed through catalytic processes (included hydroconversion processes 58 vol.%) to produce various fuel components such as gasoline and diesel oil. These hydroconversion processes use about 3,279 tons of catalyst with about 28 tons per day of spent catalyst. The present paper discusses briefly a survey on the management of spent catalyst of hydroconverion processes in ASEAN refineries and some aspects of catalyst poisoning of major hydroconversion processes in petroleum refinery. A survey on the management of spent catalyst from hydroconversion processes in ASEAN refineries is described in this paper.
INFLUENCE OF THIOPENE ON THE CONVERSION OF METHYL-CYCLOPENTANE AND N.HEXANE TO BENZENE USING MONO-AND BI-METALLIC REFORMING CATALYSTS
Authors: Nasution A.S.
Published: March 2024

Parrafin and naphthene hydrocarbons are usually the major component in the naptha reforming feedstock. Thus the conversion of these hydrocarbon to high octane motor gasoline and aromatic hydrocarbon is one of the important reactions of the catalytic reforming process, (Montamal., 1965). And aromatization reaction is guided by both metal and acid sites of bi-functional reforming catalyst (Hobson 1973).
INFLUENCE OF POISON COMPOUNDS UPON THE ACTIVITY OF MONO AND BE-METALLIC REFORMER CATALYSTS
Authors: Nasution A.S.
Published: March 2024

Caelyie neforming proces ses a bunctional catals. Annperimen ha been carried ourt study he inluence of phur, nangen, oxygeneand lead com pound upon ihe activity of the metal sine of muno and beetale refarmer curalys ing Adrogenation of benone continous cetates anit.
GENERATION AND MATURATION OF HYDROCARBONS IN CEPU AREA, CENTRAL JAVA
Authors: Situmorang B. , Tambunan Ludin
Published: March 2024

Production from the Cepu area occurs from the Tuban and Kawengan Formations. Studies of organie richness and thermal maturity of thirty eight comventional core sanples from four wells penetrating the units by use of Rock-esal pyrolysis method reveal that a high total organic content (0.30%) occurs in part of the Tuban Formation whereas a low total organie content (0.170.07%) is observed in the Kawengan Formation. Thermal maturity range is immature to maature with T-max ranging from 339°C to 435°C with the mature stage being confined to the Tuban Formation. The main kerogen type is structured kerogen (type III), with limited occurrence of unstructured kerogen (type II).Those results muggest that generution of gas occurred probably in the Tuban Fomation, vertically mi- grated and trapped at relatively shallow depths. It also implies that the more mature source-beds with marine kerogen could be found in the deeper sedimentary
1982 4th ASCOPE LABORATORIES TEST CORRELATION PROGRAMME ON C.F.R. ENGINE
Authors: Mustafa Bustani , Jasjfi E.
Published: March 2024

Member countries taking part in this correlation programme are Indonesia as coordinator with seven laboratories participating.
INFLUENCE OF THE PARTICLE SIZE OF CATALYST ON THE HYDROCRACKING OF VACUUM DISTILLATE INTO MIDDLE DISTILLATE AND LUBRICANT BASE STOCK
Authors: Nasution A.S.
Published: March 2024

In order to obtain more data on the hydrocracking catalysts, an experiment has been carried out to study the hydrocracking of vacuum distillate into middle distillate with operating conditions: temperature: From 390 to 420°C: LHSV: from 0.45 to 0.90;  presRure: 125 kg/cm and HHC ratio: 1000 It/lt by using Two Ni-Mo/Al 03 SIO, catalysts with various particle stzes using a Catatest unit operated in a continuous sys- tem.Gas product sample was analyzed by using a gas-liquid chromatography, The liquid product were fractionated and bottom products were dewaxed by solvent dewaxing.Based on the experimental data show that :By increasing the operating temperature, LHSV, and decreasing of the particle size of the Ni-Mo/Al0Si0, cutalyst, the conversion rate, the quality of the middle distillate, and the lubricant base stocks products in  - crease, but the selectivity of these products will decrease.At operating conditions T= 400°C, P-125 kg/cm;  LHSV = 0.45;  and H/HC ratio : 1000 It/lt, the conversion rate, smoke point of kerosene, diesel index of gas oll, viscosity index of lubricant base stock decrease from: 54.08 to 50.08% by weight;  from 22 to 16 mm, from 62.0 to 57.7 and from 133 to 118 for the low particle size and high particle size of the Ni-Mo/Al 0rSiO, catalysts respectively.  The apparent activation energy of vacuum distillate is obtained 28,717 and 23,720 kcal/mol for the low par ticle size and the high particle size of the Ni-Mo/Al-0SIO2 catalyst respectively.
A COMPUTER PROGAM FOR COMPUTING SISMIC WAVE REFLECTION AND TRANSMISSION COEFFICIENTS OF A SINGLE INTERFACE
Authors: Munadi Suprajitno
Published: March 2024

Reflection and transmission properties of a single interface form the basic step in understanding and solving many problems of seismic waves propagation in multilayered media.  The computational procedure of these coefficients is an essential element for numerical modeling or simulation purposes.  A computer program for computing seismic wave reflection and transmission coefficients of a single interface has been effectively performed using the Gauss-Jordan elimination technique which is operated on a 4x 4 system of simultaneous linear equations with complex elements.  The simultaneous equations have been ar ranged in matribx from.  Elements of the matrix are obtained from the application of the boundary conditions to the solution of the seismic wave equations.  The reflection and transmission coefficients for the compressional and shear waves constitute the unknowns of the simultaneous linear equations.  Experiments using the program demonstrate the efficiency and the precislon of this procedure.
TRADITIONAL CHEESE PRODUCED IN FOGO ISLAND - CAPE VERDE: PHYSICO-CHEMICAL, SENSORY, HYGIENIC AND SAFETY CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Semedo Tavares Wilson Paulo , Cruz Andrade Simone , Monteiro da Silveira Beatriz
Published: March 2024

Cheese is a nutritionally rich product, distinguished by its unique sensorial qualities. Processing technology for cheeses in different countries is still handmade, thus, the microbial community structure is complex and the cheese flavour fluctuates wildly. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the sensory acceptance, microbiological and physical-chemical properties of traditional cheese produced in Fogo Island – Cape Verde. Coalho cheese is the most produced and consumed cheese in Cape Verde and is frequently made according to traditional or artisanal procedures. Regarding to physical-chemical analyses, parameters such as fat, moisture, pH, titratable acidity, protein, and ash were studied. Microbiological parameters such as Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, salmonella and coliforms were studied. A Sensory acceptance test was carried out by 23 panellists, where all evaluated attributes obtained an acceptability index greater than 70%. According to the Cape Verdean standard for cheese, the cheeses were classified as fresh and low-fat cheese. Regarding moisture content, the obtained results allow to classify cheese A as semi-soft cheese and B and C as soft cheese. Concerning pH and titratable acidity, the values ranged from 5.68 to 6.19 and 6.4 to 11.1 mLNaOH1N/100g, respectively. Salmonella and L. monocytogenes were not detected, E. Coli was lower than the maximum accepted value established by Commission Regulation (EC) No 2073/2005 and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1441/2007. In contrast, faecal coliforms in cheeses B and C were higher than those established by the Commission Regulation (EC). Overall, the results from this study may contribute to improving the production process and quality control of coalho cheese.
EX-SITU-EVALUATION OF NEW MATERIALS SUCH AS COPPER COMPOUNDS FOR ZINC-AIR BATTERY WITH THE AIM OF GETTING A SECONDARY ZINC-AIR BATTERY
Authors: Banoth Vinod-Kumar , Engelke Martin , Fuchs David , Hickmann Thorsten , Mahlendorf Falko
Published: March 2024

Zinc airflow batteries are popular for large-scale energy storage due to their high-volume density, environmental safety, and economic feasibility of production and recycling. There is going to be a lot of research in order to realize a zinc-air battery as a secondary battery. One potential option in order to overcome this challenge is to use other anode materials, which are stable in the alkaline medium. The main objective of this work is to present the most influencing factors for the production of copper compounds with thermoplastic as binder and graphite as a secondary filler material. In addition, copper compounds are evaluated based on chemical and electrical tests.
Types of green investment and their role in promoting environmental sustainability: An analytical study of the opinions of a sample of financial and environmental specialists in Iraqi universities
Authors: Saad Muntaha , Jaarallah Zahraa
Published: March 2024

The research aims to highlight the role of green investment in enhancing environmental sustainability, and the problem of the study focused on a main question: Do green investment types have a role in promoting environmental sustainability? The study assumes that there is a significant correlation and influence between types of green investment and enhancing environmental sustainability. The issue of green investment receives great attention from financial and non-financial institutions and companies in developed countries for its effective role in developing countries, achieving a clean environment, and investing in low-pollution and environmentally friendly products. Which motivated the researchers to study the correlation and influence between the green investment variable and environmental sustainability. The research chose Iraqi universities as a research community and a sample of (45) specialists in the financial and environmental fields in Iraqi universities. The questionnaire form was used as the main tool in collecting data for the research variables, using the descriptive and analytical approach in the statistical program (spss-ver23), and relying on a group of statistical methods within the program such as tests (T and F), The researcher reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is the existence of a significant and positive correlation between types of green investment and environmental sustainability. The most important proposals are that the researchers recommend the need to increase attention to all types of green investment for their effective role in revitalizing and developing the businesses and products of clean and environmentally friendly institutions.
Analysis of the reality of natural capital in Iraq for the period)1988-2022)
Authors: Mohammed Ali , Matti Zaki
Published: March 2024

An analysis of Iraq's natural capital formation from 1988 to 2022 reveals a dynamic landscape shaped by social and political unrest, economic dependencies, as well as environmental fluctuations. Against the backdrop of conflicts, and Iraq's dependence on oil and land resources, the complexities of water resource management will be highlighted, along with the impacts of climate change. The observed impacts of climate change, such as rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns, are an important aspect of the study. The results confirm the vulnerability of Iraq's natural capital to climate-related pressures and the need for adaptation strategies. The research provides a comprehensive account of Iraq's natural capital, and reveals the complexities inherent in its environmental, social, and economic fabric. The findings provide insights for policy makers to deal with the delicate balance between development aspirations and the necessity of preserving Iraq's natural assets
قياس محددات البطالة في العراق للمدة (2004-2021) باستخدام نموذج VAR
Authors: Kasim Duaa , Fadhil Shaima
Published: March 2024

The problem of unemployment is one of the most prominent and dangerous issues that many societies suffer from، regardless of their political، economic، and social systems، and their degree of economic development. It has become one of the major problems that most countries of the world are exposed to، because of its significant effects on the economic، social، and political conditions. For the country، this research aims to investigate the determinants of unemployment over the time period (2004-2021)، by identifying the most important of these determinants، as well as contributing to the economic process and eliminating part of the unemployment rates that Iraq suffers from، which represent a security and economic threat، as The research problem is represented by the continuous rise in unemployment rates. The research is based on the hypothesis that “there is an inverse relationship between economic determinants and unemployment rates.” The study reached many results، the most important of which is the existence of an inverse relationship between inflation rates، gross domestic product، public expenditures، and exchange rates. Trade and unemployment، as well as the existence of a direct relationship between the real interest rate and unemployment. The standard model has concluded that there is a long-term relationship between economic variables and unemployment rates، as well as the existence of a one-way causal relationship between government spending، gross domestic product.،and unemployment.
Comparison between the standard Bayesian method and the hierarchical Bayesian method for estimating the reliability function of the inverse Lomax distribution with type II observational dat
Authors: Jasim Aklaa , Jafaar Wafa
Published: March 2024

In this paper, the shape and size parameters (without imposing either parameter) and the survival function of the inverse Lomax distribution in the presence of observational data of the second type are estimated using different Bayesian methods, which included the standard Bayesian method and the hierarchical Bayesian method under a symmetric loss function, which is the quadratic loss function, and in order to compare The two methods used Monte Carlo simulation, where different sample sizes and three models of default values for distribution parameters (Ѳ,λ) , were used and the statistical measure, mean integral square error (IMSE), was used. Simulation experiments showed the superiority of the hierarchical Bayesian method because it has the least mean square integral error (IMSE)
الضريبة الوردية ودورها في التَمّييز الاقتصادي بيّن الجنسين
Authors: Mohamed Zozan , Abdullah Adlah
Published: March 2024

The persistence of economic gender segregation within society is due to the inherent acceptance of cultural expectations of the sexes. Where cultural expectations are disseminated by the media and marketed directly to females and then accept legislation in discriminating between consumers on the basis of sex along with the help of current trade policy and high tariff rates on imported goods that belong to the female component to explain the persistence of this discrimination. Tracing of processes is used to explain the causality of the pink tax throughout history. Case analyzes are used to represent the massive effects of pink sales. This research will provide awareness of the tax that is “hidden” in the daily life of women because many people are unaware or uneducated regarding the causes and persistence of this tax within society; Therefore, it is described as a "hidden" tax. The tax is levied in such a way that women are charged extra for products and services that target the female gender. These products tend to have equal or less advantages than similar products targeting men, and for this purpose this research was divided into three axes. The first axis addressed the most important studies that talked about this tax in societies, and then the second axis touched on the concept of the pink tax. And the social aspects of gender differentiation. As for the third axis, the researchers presented the most important living models to show the pink tax, and finally the research came out with a set of conclusions and suggestions related to this research
The impact of forward-looking disclosure on the transparency of integrated reporting through identifying risks and opportunities, developing strategies, and allocating resources.
Authors: Lateef Riham , Ghafouri Emad
Published: March 2024

The research aims to reveal the extent to which forward-looking information contributes to influencing the transparency of the content of integrated reports through disclosure of risks, opportunities, strategy, and resource allocation. A questionnaire was conducted that clarifies the extent to which forward-looking information can enhance the transparency of integrated reports. The questionnaire was distributed to a group of beneficiaries of forward-looking information in the Iraqi stock market, including investors for the most part, and some auditors. The most important conclusions that were reached are that there is a positive (direct) relationship with a moral effect between forward-looking disclosure and knowledge of risks. And opportunities, strategy, and resource allocation. The most important recommendations are the preparation of training workshops by the Iraqi Stock Exchange to manage the economic unit, to help it know how to forecast and the basics of preparing forward-looking information.
Marketing vigilance and its contribution to achieving strategic Supremacy: a survey study of the opinions of a sample of administrative leaders at Asia cell Mobile Communications Company in Iraq
Authors: Mustafa Adnan , Yousef Ahmed , hayder mohammed
Published: March 2024

This research aims to identify the role of marketing vigilance in achieving strategic Supremacy and demonstrate the potential of Asia Cell Company in enhancing its strategic Supremacy. The research is based on a realistic problem, which is the continuous need for the researched company to enhance its strategic Supremacy in the face of environmental challenges represented by the movements of competing companies in the telecommunications sector. This requires activating its marketing vigilance. Therefore, the research took a sample of managerial leaders working in the company, representing the research community, with a total of 80 participants, using the survey method and distributing questionnaires, and employing various statistical methods. The research concluded several findings, the most important of which is the statistically significant impact of marketing vigilance in achieving strategic Supremacy. The research recommends the importance of managerial leaders in the researched organization focusing on activating the concept of strategic Supremacy and its significant benefits
Opportunistic leadership behavior and its impact on the spiritual elevation of employees (An analytical study of the opinions of a sample of decision makers in the General Company for Pastry Manufacturing in Baqubah
Authors: Shakir Mahmoud , Ahmed Fadhil
Published: March 2024

The current research aims to address the weaknesses in opportunistic leadership behaviors and thus stay away from threatening positions that weaken that leadership, and in a way that is consistent with the spiritual highness of the employees in the company under investigation. Based on the above, the main research problem can be clarified, which is “Is there a statistically significant correlation and impact between... Opportunistic leadership behavior and the spiritual elevation of employees in the researched company. In light of the main research problem, a hypothetical model was built that reflects the relationship and impact between the main research dimensions and variables, and thus finding the best appropriate solutions to that problem. The research relied on the descriptive analytical approach, which gives the possibility of using description in forming a framework. Intellectual and theoretical, the study population was represented by the General Company for Pastry Production in Diyala, where the research community reached 250 individuals representing the decision-makers in the researched company. 80 individuals were selected to represent the research sample from the decision-makers in the researched company. The questionnaire form was distributed in a regular manner to all members of the sample, and all members of the sample were retrieved. The distributed questionnaires enriched the research with important information and data from sources and references related to the theoretical side. As for the field side, reliance was placed on a set of statistical tools, including the questionnaire, the arithmetic mean, and the simple and multiple regression coefficient to stabilize the relationship of correlation and impact. The research reached a set of results and recommendations, the most prominent of which is building successful leadership characteristics from By modifying opportunistic behavior that would eliminate the spiritual highness of workers
Pricing products using the target costing method to enhance the competitiveness of the productive institution (a case study of the TIFIB Foundation in Biskra)
Authors: gehaish yusra
Published: March 2024

This study aims to attempt to price products using the target costing method to enhance the competitiveness of the production institution with a case study of the TIFIB institution in Biskra, relying on the descriptive analytical approach and the case study approach. The study concluded that the institution under study does not apply the total costs method when determining the cost price of its products correctly, as it neglects to bear the costs associated with the product, and that determining the selling price of its products is based on the cost price plus the profit margin, and in this case the institution is selling its products. At a loss, but when the method is corrected, it is possible that the selling price of the product will be higher than the market price. In this case, the organization resorts to reducing prices, and this is reflected in a decrease in its profits, which weakens its competitive ability. As for using the target costing method, it contributed to providing products at the lowest cost while maintaining The required specifications and quality, which enables the organization to provide products at a price that is commensurate with the prevailing prices in the market and the purchasing power of customers and to face price fluctuations with greater flexibility, and this is what enables it to enhance its competitive ability and gain a position in the market.
Incorporation of Inuit Qaujimanituqangit, or Inuit Traditional Knowledge, into the Government of Nunavut
Authors: Arnakak Jaypeetee
Published: March 2024

Defining the term “indigenous knowledge” is a difficult process as it encompasses different things to different people. Variations on the term are about as many as there are interpretations of the concept. Inuit Qaujimanituqangit, or “Inuit traditional knowledge,” is a topic of much interest for the Government of Nunavut, which has publicly stated that it will use Inuit Qaujimanituqangit (IQ) as its foundation. IQ, in this context, becomes more than a purely intellectual exercise: from legislation and policy development, to program design and delivery, to needs assessment, statistical analysis, etc. IQ has huge practical ramifications on public administration in Nunavut. The anthropological element of IQ subsides somewhat, and contemporary political and social development issues come to the fore. IQ, then, becomes a question and means of actualizing social and political aspirations of a people. In this paper, I will talk a bit about the IQ work in the Department of Sustainable Development, the policy and program development framework that we developed for the Department, and about the model and set of guiding principles upon which we base our work.
Is Community Economic Development Putting Healthy Food On The Table? Food Sovereignty in Northern Manitoba’s Aboriginal Communities
Authors: Thompson Shirley , Gulrukh Asfia , Ballard Myrle , Beardy Byron , Islam Durdana , Lozeznik Vanessa , Wong Kimlee
Published: March 2024

Food-related community economic development (CED) is making a difference in northern communities where food insecurity rates are very high at 75% (n=534). People in northern Manitoba reported in interviews that hunting, fishing, berry-picking and gardening made them self-sufficient, in the recent past (25 to 50 years ago), but now many children and adults cannot afford to eat healthy. Presently many financial and regulatory barriers to country foods exist, which severely curtails food sovereignty and sustainable livelihood, while increasing food insecurity. The Nelson House Country Foods Program, which employs people to hunt and fish to feed the community, is related to better food security rates (p
Introduction
Authors: Newhouse David
Published: March 2024

In this issue, we address two important issues: COVID-19 and poverty in Indigenous communities.
Introduction
Authors: Chenoweth John
Published: March 2024

This issue’s Lessons from Experience provides an opportunity for all of us to learn from and celebrate each other through an introduction to the ED of the Year Award Winners, followed by an introduction to the host of Cando’s annual conference, Whitecap Dakota First Nation, and the tremendous economic work it has achieved over the past several decades. We will then turn our attention to British Columbia, where a small B.C. corporation finds many ways to support economic development opportunities for Indigenous organizations.
BIOMASSA COMO MATÉRIA-PRIMA RENOVÁVEL: OBSTÁCULOS PARA UTILIZAÇÃO
Authors: Menoncin Mariana , Da Silva Igor Cesar Rosa , Assolari Fernanda Ramos , Belini Ugo Leandro
Published: March 2024

Em um cenário crescente onde há preocupação com o uso de biomassa como matéria-prima de novos produtos, nem tudo é perfeito, existem os desafios científicos, técnicos e econômicos, que, muitas vezes, dificultam o progresso do projeto. É preciso apontar esses desafios. Embora seja notório o potencial do Brasil para o uso de biomassa como matéria-prima de novos produtos, este artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar uma síntese de possíveis desafios e limitações encontradas para a sua utilização. Utilizou-se como método científico a revisão bibliográfica em artigos, dissertações, teses e portais de pesquisas de empresas públicas, para analisar as informações sobre as limitações no uso de biomassa em produtos reconstituídos. A revisão da literatura permitiu considerar os desafios e limitações para a utilização de biomassa reconstituída. Nesse sentido, é necessário que o tópico seja abordado a fim de contribuir para possíveis construções científicas, atentando para os tipos de desafios, limitações e regulamentações. Alcançou-se como resultados a apresentação dos desafios, que devem ser analisados a fim de preencher essa lacuna ao desenvolver novos produtos de biomassa reconstituída. Os resultados apresentados contribuem para um melhor planejamento e gestão ao desenvolver e utilizar-se de biomassa como matéria-prima.
ANÁLISE DE BOAS PRÁTICAS VOLTADAS À REDUÇÃO, REUTILIZAÇÃO E RECICLAGEM DE RESÍDUOS NOS CANTEIROS DE OBRAS DE EDIFÍCIOS
Authors: Queiroz Maria Ezir Rodrigues de , Casado Lordsleem Júnior Alberto , Mata de Oliveira Jaqueline , De Gois Santos Débora
Published: March 2024

Os resíduos da construção civil (RCC) provocam grandes impactos ambientais quando não gerenciados de forma adequada. É uma situação que exige a aplicação de práticas que visem reduzir, reutilizar e reciclar (3R’s) os resíduos gerados pela construção civil. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar análises de boas práticas na redução, reutilização e reciclagem dos RCC em canteiros de obras. A metodologia consistiu em uma revisão sistemática considerando as indicações do Método PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses). Além disso, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo em cinco obras localizadas na cidade do Recife e duas obras situadas na cidade de Caruaru, ambas no Estado de Pernambuco, onde foram verificadas as ações de redução, reutilização e reciclagem realizadas nos respectivos canteiros de obras. Como resultados mais evidentes, foram identificadas as ações de redução aplicadas aos materiais utilizados na execução de obras e boas práticas de reutilização e reciclagem para os principais materiais de construção, como: concreto e madeira. A principal colaboração deste trabalho consistiu em identificar e analisar as boas práticas que possibilitem uma melhor gestão dos resíduos da construção civil no que diz respeito aos 3R’s em canteiros de obras
PELATIHAN IRIGASI TETES BERTINGKAT UNTUK TANAMAN HORTIKULTURA DI DESA JAGARAGA KECAMATAN KURIPAN KABUPATEN LOMBOK BARAT
Authors: Negara I Dewa Gede Jaya , Pradjoko Eko , Pracoyo Atas , Akmaludin Akmaludin , Supriyadi Anid , Saadi Yusron , Suparjo Suparjo , Yasa I Wayan , Saidah Humairo , Hasyim Hasyim
Published: March 2024

Masyarakat Poktan Beriuk Maju  Desa Jagaraga sebagian besar merupakan petani yang memiliki lahan  dengan luasan lahan yang dimiliki yang bervariasi, dan kepemilikan lahan pekarangan minimal 2 are dan banyak yang kosong, sehingga perlu dimanfaatkan untuk pertanian rumahan dalam membantu penyediaan bahan pangan secara mandiri. Adanya sumber-sumber air dari mata air disekitar permukiman dan air dari sumur dangkal, juga dapat diguakan untuk mendukung kegiatan pertanian di lingkungan permukiman masing-masing rumah yang potensial. Selain itu dengan memanfaatkan sumber air yang terbatas seperti misalnya air dari  sumur dangkal dan mata air disekitar perumahan, merupakan peluang masyarakat untuk  melakukan usahatani tanaman sayuran  dan sejenisnya  untuk membantu keperluan dapur masyarakat sehari-hari. Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk melatih masyarakat membuat irigasi tetes bertingkat untuk nantinya dapat digunakan sebagai cara usahatani di pekarangan rumah. Sebelum dilatih warga perlu diberikan pengetahuan irigasi tetes yang efisien agar peserta mendapatkan pengetahuan cukup tentang irigasi karena dalam  aplikasinya sangat berbeda dengan dengan irigasi tradisional.

Pengabdian dilakukan dengan tahapan awal survey, tahap penguatan irigasi yang efisien, tahap pelatihan pembuatan jaringan irigasi tetes bertingkat dengan  pipa pvc  dengan emitter,  lahanya dengan polybag diisikan tanah sebagai media tanam. Kegiatan terdiri dari sosialisasi irigasi  dan irigasi tetes serta pelatihannya. Pengabdian ini telah berhasil memberikan pengetahuan tentang irigasi dan irigasi hmat air tetes pada  Poktan Beriuk Maju. Telah berhasil membangun jaringan irigasi tetes bertingkat dan siap digunakan usahatani, serta dapat dilanjutkan dengan diaplikasi pada tanaman hortikultura sebagai media belajar usahatani diperumahan.
PENGGUNAAN MEDIA KANTONG BILANGAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS 1 MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH AL-ISLAM RINGINANOM
Authors: Miskiya Zakiyyatul , Wafirah Milna , Hasyim HS Ahmad Fuad , Sholikhun Muhamad
Published: March 2024

The community service activity aims to enhance the quality and motivation of mathematics learning in Grade 1 at Al-Islam Ringinanom Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, particularly focusing on addition concepts. This service was conducted on August 8-9, 2023. The object or target of this community service activity is 10 students from Grade 1 at Al-Islam Ringinanom Madrasah Ibtidaiyah in the Tempuran district. The stages involved in this community service included field observation, coordination with partners, program socialization, program implementation, and evaluation. The utilization of the number pocket media in teaching mathematics to Grade 1 students at Al-Islam Ringinanom Madrasah Ibtidaiyah has proven to have a positive impact on students' learning outcomes. Before the intervention, the classical completion percentage was 50%, whereas in Cycle II, this figure surged to 90%. These results indicate an improvement in both the grades and the classical completion rate of students after the implementation of the intervention
Designing a video-stimulated questionnaire about teachers’ adaptive expertise in interdisciplinary mathematics and science teaching
Authors: Vale Colleen , Kim Gahyoung , Widjaja Wanty , Ferguson Joseph Paul , Berry Amanda , van Driel Jan , Xu Lihua , Pham Lam
Published: March 2024

Research investigating teachers’ knowledge and practices aimed to improve student participation, engagement and achievement in mathematics and science has often used qualitative methods involving observation and analysis of lesson videos. Some researchers have used excerpts of videos in various ways to gather data about their participants’ anticipated actions in the moment. In the current study, we aimed to track primary teachers’ developing adaptive expertise when teaching interdisciplinary mathematics and science lessons over a two-year period. In this paper, we describe the processes followed to design a questionnaire that used episodes from videos of interdisciplinary mathematics and science lessons to construct multiple choice items. The adaptive expertise scoring for the items was reliable but this improved when including an open-ended question for participants to explain their selection of an action for the classroom moment captured in the video episode.