bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Plant Extracts of Euphorbia thymifolia Against Human Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Kaur Navjot , Bhatia Anjana , Sidhu Sukhjeet
Published: June 2018

The present study was aimed at assessing the antimicrobial potential of various extracts of Euphorbia thymifolia against human pathogenic strains of Salmonella typhimurium and Shigella boydii. The antibacterial activity was determined by agar disc diffusion and broth microdilution techniques. The results showed that the growth of the organisms were inhibited by both acetone and hexane extracts of Euphorbia thymifolia. The acetone extracts showed significantly higher zones of inhibition. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the leaf and stem extracts were 0.078, 0.156, 0.312mg/ml. The phytochemical analysis was carried out for the different parts of the plant. The qualitative analysis showed that alkaloids, phenols and flavonoids were present in both acetone and hexane extracts. The result of the present study indicate that Euphorbia thymifolia has many medicinal values and can be widely studied to extract natural compounds which are beneficial to human beings.
Reliable and Multicast Energy Efficiency Harvesting through IoT
Authors: Sughasiny M. , Sakthivel R.
Published: June 2018

A smart city is acondition where a pervasive, multi-service network is occupied to affordpeoplebetter-qualityactive conditions as well as better public safety. Innovative communication technologies are needed to scope this goal. In specific, awell-organized and reliable broadcast network the stage a crucial role in as long as continue, ubiquitous, and reliable interconnections among users, smart devices, and applications. As aimportance, wireless networking appears as the main enabling announcement technology despite the necessity to face severe experimentations to satisfy the wants arising from a smart environment, such as explosive data volume, heterogeneous data traffic, and maintenance of quality of service restraints. Astimulating approach for meeting the developing data demand due to smart city applications is to adopt suitable methodologies to improve the usage of all potential spectrum resources. Towards this goal, a very promising solution is characterized by the Cognitive Radio technology that enables context-aware competence in order to pursue an efficient use of the accessibleannouncement resources according to the neighboring environment conditions. This thesis provides a review of the features, challenges, and solutions of a smart city message architecture, based on the Cognitive Radio technology, by focusing on two new network paradigms—namely, Heterogeneous Network and Machines-to-Machines communications—that are of differentattention to professionallyprovision smart city applications and services.
Exploration of Waste Water in Different Open Drains of Kota City
Authors: Uniyal Harish , Sharma Trapti , Renwal Yogesh
Published: June 2018

In Kota city very small area has been covered by sewerage line. Mainly domestic sewage is treated in septic tank. The effluent of septic tank is discharged into open drains. There are many small and medium scale industries, Commercial center, Coaching Institutions etc.; discharging the waste water into various open drains. At present as the present sewerage system is not operating; the waste water from these open drains is discharged into Chambal River. In this project the analysis of waste water was done to examine the probable pollution caused by the high B.O.D. and C.O.D. in waste water. Some samples of drinking water from tube wells were also analyzed to detect the probable pollution from seepage of surface water into ground water. Average value of the B.O.D. Calculated for the Waste water taken from 20 readings is 388.25 and the maximum B.O.D. was in the waste water of Raipura drain (512)
Optimizing Error Rate in Intrusion Detection System Using Artificial Neural Network Algorithm
Authors: Rani S. Vijaya , Babu G. N. K. Suresh
Published: June 2018

The illegal hackers  penetrate the servers and networks of corporate and financial institutions to gain money and extract vital information. The hacking varies from one computing system to many system. They gain access by sending malicious packets in the network through virus, worms, Trojan horses etc. The hackers scan a network through various tools and collect information of network and host. Hence it is very much essential to detect the attacks as they enter into a network. The methods  available for intrusion detection are Naive Bayes, Decision tree, Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbor, Artificial Neural Networks. A neural network consists of processing units in complex manner and able to store information and make it functional for use. It acts like human brain and takes knowledge from the environment through training and learning process. Many algorithms are available for learning process This work carry out research on analysis of malicious packets and predicting the error rate in detection of injured packets through artificial neural network algorithms.
New Feature Vectors for Language Identification Using Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Nagesh A.
Published: June 2018

The impressive performance of neural networks (NNs) for automatic speech recognition has motivated us to use for language identification (LID). In this paper, a new features based language identification system using neural network is presented. The new feature vectors are extracted based on the principle the frequency of occurrence phonemes is different among the languages. In this new form of feature vectors, the feature vectors are represented as a probability vector instead of scalar value. Because of this these new form of feature vectors, the DNN classifier classify the languages under consideration accurately.
Reed Solomon Erasure Coding for the Optimization of Network Reliability and Energy Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Sharma Sonia
Published: June 2018

This Network error correction (NEC) helps to correct errors of a communication network by using the concept of network coding [1] and provides an alternative to the traditional link-by-link error correction.  NEC is widely used in sensor networks and in video network broadcasting, where the network suffers from delay and energy constraints. This paper aims to design an Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)based RS-erasure code to correct the errors/ erasures encountered in the data packets due to the random errors and unreliable network links. The proposed protocol tries to combine the RS-Erasure code and Selective Repeat (SR based) retransmission scheme to achieve the higher network reliability and energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks. In this scheme the code rate of a given message block is calculated dynamically depending upon the error rate of the link to minimize the total transmission efforts. The performance of the proposed technique is compared with some existing techniques like SR-ARQ, SRTP [11] and CRBT [24] on the basis of Total transmissions required for end to end reliable data delivery, energy consumption by the network nodes, transmission delay and the network-throughput.
Consumer Attitude and Behaviour towards Soft Drinks
Authors: Mallaiah G. , Ramana D V
Published: June 2018

Since consumers are the most important factor for business continuation, the understanding of consumer behavior is one of key elements in preparing marketing strategy. Consumer behavior is the study of what to buy, how to buy, where to buy, and when to buy in what quantity. Apart from the decision of to buy and not to buy, there is also a decision regarding which source to buy. Consumer behavior is also the study of factors that affect the behavior both internal and external such as, self-concept, social and cultural background, age, family, attitudes, personality and social class. In this study, an attempt is made to investigate the consumer preference on buying behaviour towards soft drinks. For this purpose, 300 sample respondents are selected from selected municipal corporations in Andhra Pradesh base on purposive sampling and collect data is analysed with the help of correlation and regression analysis. The results reveal that 54.56% of the observed variability in buying behaviour can be explained by the differences in both the independent variables namely product, price, place, promotion and remaining 45.5% of the variance in behaviour related to other variables.
Service Quality Perception towards E-CRM Practices among Customers of Private and Public Sector Banks of Rajasthan Using SERVQUAL Method
Authors: Kasliwal Neeti , Singh Jagriti
Published: June 2018

Banking sector is growing rapidly and playing a vital role in the economic development of the nation. Both private and public sector banks are giving more priority to service quality to satisfy their customers. For this, banks are now emphasizing on E-CRM practices to carry out transactions and communicate with their customers. The purpose of this research is to assess the service quality among private and public banks in Rajasthan. Purposive sampling technique has been employed to collect the data from three private banks and three banks from public. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics, Mean score method and t test have been used. Results indicates that there is a significant difference in consumer’s perception of service quality dimensions related to E-CRM practices provided by selected private and public sector banks of Rajasthan..The findings of this research will help policy makers of banking sector to set customer oriented policies.
Manhole Workers Dodge Danger Down Under
Authors: Krishnan S.
Published: June 2018

We hold our breath, close our eyes and move on with the job to dislodge the block. It is not easy to enter the dark drain and we are trapped inside for hours at times. This is just one harrowing tale of any sanitary workers in any part of the country.” There are many more awaiting to be told and heard. The manholes, which these workers deal upon, are poisonous gas chambers and as if working under such inhumane conditions is not enough, there are serious safety issues cropping up. With no safety equipments provided, the workers descend into the manhole.  The occupational exposures of sewage workers are complex and variable, and include a great variety of biological and chemical agents. Previous research has focused mostly on infections and various symptoms among sewage workers, e.g. abdominal and respiratory symptoms. A roughly estimated 1.2 million scavengers in the country are involved in the sanitation of our surroundings. The working conditions of these sanitary workers have remained virtually unchanged for over a century. Apart from the social atrocities that these workers face, they are exposed to certain health problems by virtue of their occupation. These health hazards include exposure to harmful gases such as methane and hydrogen sulfide, cardiovascular degeneration, musculoskeletal disorders like osteoarthritic changes and intervertebral disc herniation, infections like hepatitis, leptospirosis and helicobacter, skin problems, respiratory system problems and altered pulmonary function parameters. This can be prevented through engineering, medical and legislative measures. While the engineering measures will help in protecting against exposures, the medical measures will help in early detection of the effects of these exposures. This can be partly achieved by developing an effective occupational health service for this group of workers.
Kişilerin Alman Marka Otomobil Tercihlerinde Bazı Tutum ve Davranışların Rolü: Bölgesel Bir Uygulama
Authors: TUNÇ Hakan
Published: June 2018

Türkiye’de son yıllarda ekonomik gelişme ile
birlikte araç talebinde hızlı artışlar gözükmektedir. Kişilerin kullanılabilir
gelirindeki artışın yanında kredi sisteminin de piyasayı desteklemesi otomotiv
satışlarını artırmıştır. Yerli araba üretimine ilişkin yoğun gündemler
yaşanırken kişilerin özellikle Alman marka otomobillere olan ilgisi tematik
tartışmalara neden olmaktadır. 2016 yılında Türkiye’de 983 bin araç satışı
gerçekleşmiştir. Aynı yıl alman marka araçlarda 330 bin adet satış
gerçekleşirken, satılan 3 araçtan biri alman markasına sahiptir. Ayrıca 2016
yılında dünyada 99 milyon adet araç satışı gerçekleşirken,  dünyada satılan 100 araçtan birinin
Türkiye’de satıldığı tahmin edilmektedir.

Bu çalışmanın amacı son yıllarda Türkiye’de
hızla talebi artan alman marka otomotivlere olan ilgiye,  bazı tutum ve davranışların etkisini
araştırmaktır. Uygulama kısmında İstanbul’da rastgele örneklem yöntemiyle 258
kişiye anket uygulaması yapılmış olup, veriler logit modeli yardımıyla
incelenmiştir. Sonuç itibariyle kişilerin tüketim yaparken imaj algısı,
güvenlik algısı, tek bir kere satın alıp uzun dönem kullanma algısı arttıkça
Alman marka otomobillere olan ilgi artmaktadır.
Private banking in Russian banks: new priorities and development areas
Authors: Ternovskaya Elena Petrovna ,   Financial University  under the Government of the Russian Federation
Published: June 2018

Providing service to wealthy customers is one of the promising areas of banking activity in the context of aggravated market competition. The number of such clients has been steadily growing in Russia in recent years. The need to improve the forms and lines of serving VIP customers by Russian banks is due to the high profitability of this type of banking activity, on the one hand, and the need of the Russian state for the financial resources of individuals, on the other. The main trends in private banking develop-ment in Russian commercial banks are considered, and their modern features and limitations are re-flected. The research presents the upcoming trends towards the improvement of this type of banking services in accordance with the prompt diversifica-tion of services based on the interests of the nation-al economy, the introduction of progressive forms and methods of serving wealthy customers, the in-creased requirements for personnel providing such services.
Approaches to the educational audit
Authors:   Russian University of Cooperation, Sokolnik Inessa Vladimirovna
Published: June 2018

The education system is the pivotal factor in human development and intellectual skill acquisition, the sustainable economic growth in the medium and long term. In this regard, the problems of assessing the quality of education are of particular relevance. The competitive educational programs and addi-tional services of universities in Russia and abroad make it possible to provide educational audit proce-dures. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the edu-cational audit of the university, which competence includes providing information to interested users with regard to the quality of the university activity in higher education in terms of issuing government documents and assigning qualifications of the rele-vant standard. Based on the objectives and princi-ples stated herein, the author devises the stages of the educational audit that will allow one to standard-ize the audit procedures and provide uniform re-quirements for the collection and systematization of information on the educational institution activities.
The involvement in prostitution according to the Criminal Codes of the Republic of Tajikistan and the Russian Federation: a comparative legal analysis
Authors: Akobirshoev Khamdi Rakhmatshoevich ,   Kazan (Volga region) Federal University
Published: June 2018

Since the earliest stages of the human cultural de-velopment, prostitution has been one of the most significant social deviancies. The research presents a comparative legal analysis of the criminal legisla-tion of the Republic of Tajikistan and the Russian Federation concerning the standards providing for liability for involving in prostitution. Such an analy-sis allows one to determine the common patterns and differences in regulations, which in turn can contribute to the balance and improvement of legis-lative practice. The author concludes that the stand-ards of the criminal law of the Republic of Tajikistan in this field should be fundamentally modernized. The scientific novelty of the research is to amend Article 293 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Tajikistan (Involvement in Prostitution).
A comparative analysis of the main approaches to defining cyberterrorism in modern world political science
Authors:   the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of  the Russian Federation, Simonova Ellada Yuryevna
Published: June 2018

The research described the development of the no-tion of cyberterrorism in global political science since the 1980s when it was first introduced. The paper presented the works of American scientists mainly because the term and the main approaches to defining it were forged in the USA. The research explained the main difference between scientific and public approaches to defining cyberterrorism and provided possible reasons for discrepancy between them. Cyberterrorism, or pure cyberterrorism and traditional cyberterrorism, was interpreted in a nar-row and broad sense, and the drawbacks of the lat-ter were analyzed. Besides, the main difference be-tween cyberterrorism and cybercrime was demon-strated. Moreover, the author introduced the con-cept of digital jihad, or terrorism in cyberspace, forged as an alternative to debates on the narrow and broad definitions of cyberterrorism. It is con-cluded that further consideration of cyberterrorism is essential despite the absence of its universal defi-nition.
The development of the Russian tax system: the political and historical experience of its reform
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Zharov Artem Sergeevich
Published: June 2018

The demand for the creation and improvement of the tax system that meets the needs of modern Rus-sian society results from the feasibility of under-standing the historical and political experience of its reform. The historical time frame for the analysis is determined by the insufficient theoretical compre-hension of the establishment and change of this phenomenon in the context of the historical devel-opment of the society. The chronology covers the following periods: Kievan Rus, Mongol-Tatar Yoke, the feudal division of Russia, Grand Duchy of Mos-cow, Russian Empire until the end of the 19th centu-ry. The research findings allow us to identify the specific nature, approaches to the establishment and dynamics of the Russian tax system. In addi-tion, the study clarifies the relationships between landlords and peasants regarding land ownership rights during the reform of the social and political relations in the 1860s.
Social stability in Russia: a fresh approach
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Liu Junjie
Published: June 2018

Modern social policy in Russia is a pivotal factor in social and economic development of the country. The author defines the social stability and social balance. The main social challenges faced by Russia during the crisis and reforms are determined. The creation of the middle class is a social project of Russia. The research notes that the middle class plays an important role of social stabilizer, as it tends to maintain the current state structure. The economic growth in the country will be observed only in the context of creating a large middle class which should become the driving force of the Russian economic development. Having analyzed the equitable social policy in relation to all members of society, the author evaluates its effectiveness. It should be mentioned that social equity resides in decent salary, providing employment for every citizen and social assistance to all social strata, increasing housing affordability.
The assessment of students’ learning outcomes and rating framework
Authors:   Ussuriysk branch of  Far Eastern State Transport University, Bulgakov Yuriy Vladimirovich , Komarov Anatoliy Petrovich ,   Ussuriysk branch of  Far Eastern State Transport University, Shesternina Viktoriya Valeryevna ,   Ussuriysk branch of  Far Eastern State Transport University
Published: June 2018

The study presents the techniques to assess the students’ learning outcomes by means of modular credit rating system according to such criteria as academic performance and academic achievements. The research substantiates an interrelated set of qualitative and quantitative criteria for the ten-point-scale-based academic and current grades which are subsequently converted to rating scores. Rating framework is devised within the scope of a system approach and allows one to determine the current and overall rating of the entire university community from the individual student to the university as a whole for any period of training. A system approach has transformed rating system into continuous monitoring and then into the control system and prompt revision of training activities based thereon. In the context of methods and software of modular credit rating system, the authors identify the relevance of a training module and tests within credit weighting. The study reveals the scales of qualitative assessment of tasks during ongoing monitoring, ratings of students’ learning outcomes during ongoing and interim monitoring, and academic assessment during interim monitoring. It demonstrates how a teacher can choose rating scores for ongoing and interim assessment. The original software and techniques of modular credit rating system determine the current and overall rating of a trainee on a subject, his/her rating on a number of subjects, rating of a group of students on a number of subjects, the current and overall rating of the department and university. When identifying all types of ratings, lecture attendance rate, cognitive activity, and demerits have been considered.
Industrial heritage and post-industrial situation in the post-transformation era in Lower Silesia (Poland)
Authors: Barski Jan , Zathey Maciej
Published: June 2018

This descriptive paper outlines the post-industrial setting and industrial heritage in both a concrete case – south-western Poland – and some general respects, with the aim of contributing to the available knowledge about the contemporary post-industrial areas in Central Eastern Europe. To produce such an outline and to offer such a contribution, the paper offers an overview of the changes that happened in Poland since the transformation of 1989/90 with the special focus put on the industrial sector in the small- and medium-sized towns in the south-western border region of Poland. Moreover, the paper describes how the political and economic changes have impacted industry in Poland immediately after the transformation, as well as how the evolution of the political and economic situation has been shaping the industrial sector along the years until today. Further, to solidify the broad background of post-industrial regions, the paper touches upon topics that are more specific and interconnected: location of industry, employment rate changes, regional development policies, local development inequalities, and vocational schooling system. The most specific descriptions in the paper focus on the industrial heritage in the towns and cities in the region of Lower Silesia. Apart from reviewing the industrial history of Poland and of the selected western regions, this paper looks into the future by commenting on the transition between the so-called 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 industry phases and discusses whether small- and medium-sized towns in the Polish border areas are able to become connected to the future industrial network.
Industrial culture of former mining communities from Romania
Authors: Radu Bianca
Published: June 2018

The paper aims to unfold the intangible elements that form the industrial culture based on the analysis of two former mining communities from Romania. Research conducted in 2014 in two former mining cities located in the northern part of the country highlights their particular characteristics and the strategies employed by individuals to cope with mine closure. The research found a strong occupational identity among former miners, which affected the way they perceived themselves, the surrounding environment and the opportunities they had after restructuring. The self-perception of what people could work hindered the economic redevelopment process. We found that after living and working for many years in a state-led regime, people expected the state to take care of them and to create new jobs in their communities. Even though many stakeholders acknowledged the importance of preserving industrial heritage for collective memory, few projects were implemented, and no mining museum was built. In both cities, a large number of people migrated abroad or returned to their hometowns to compensate for the job scarcity. Miners coming from other regions to work in younger mining communities experienced a lower level of community integration.
Digital image analysis to estimate the minimum number of Eurytrema coelomaticum eggs in the uterus of adult specimens
Authors: da Silva F. A. , Monteiro da Silva C. , de Almeida F. B. , Rodrigues-Silva R.
Published: June 2018

This study was carried out to estimate the minimal number of eggs present in adult E. coelomaticum uterus. Samples were collected during post-mortem inspection and were submitted to light microscopy (bright field). The length, width, the total area of the parasite, uterus, and eggs were measured. The ImageJ software was used to calculate the area of the different parameters analyzed in this study. It was possible to observe that the uterus corresponds on average to 51.9 % of the total area of the parasite (ranging from 45 to 64 %). The number of eggs present in the uterus of parasites ranged from 5,946 to 15,813. To estimate the number of eggs three scenarios were considered, where the first taken into account the number of whole eggs observed in the image. In the second way to estimate the number of eggs, all the structures were considered (whole eggs and fractions that could be delimited) and compared with manual counting. Finally, in the last scenario, was considered an occupancy rate of 100 % of the uterine area per eggs, since there are overlapping eggs and these cannot be correctly delimited and accounted for. This study describes an important tool for quantifying eggs in a nondestructive manner and aggregate information until then is not explained by other works.
Modulation of TLR2 and TLR4 in macrophages following Trichinella spiralis infection
Authors: Han C. , Xu J. , Liu Ch. , Li X. , Zhai P. , Hashan A. , Song M.
Published: June 2018

Parasitic helminthes can suppress and/or regulate the host immune response to allow long-term survival and chronic infection where toll-like receptors (TLRs) expressed on macrophages play essential roles in response to parasitic infection. Semi-quantitative PCR and flow cytometry studies about the modulation of TLRs and cytokine profiles in macrophages following T. spiralis infection were performed. TLRs, MyD88 and NF-κB were up-regulated by T. spiralis infection and essential to the parasite life cycles. Cytokines profiles (IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α) were modulated during T. spiralis infection. Results suggest that T. spiralis infection may regulate the expression of TLR4 on macrophages and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathways. This study provides further insights into the mechanisms of TLR-mediated post-inflammatory response during T. spiralis infection.
Learning to Be: Teachers’ Competences and Practical Solutions: A Step Towards Sustainable Development
Authors: Ghorbani Somayyeh , Mirshah Jafari Seyed Ebrahim , Sharifian Fereydoon
Published: June 2018

The purpose of the present study is to determine teachers’ professional competences in “learning to be” and provide practical solutions for its realization. The research employed a mixed-methods sequential explanatory design and was conducted through two qualitative and quantitative methods. The population of the qualitative research consisted of educational experts, among whom 20 participants were selected through the purposive sampling technique after conducting interviews and data saturation. The population of the quantitative research included high school teachers in districts 2 and 3 of Isfahan among whom 217 holding MA, MSc, and PhD. degrees were selected via purposive sampling technique. In the qualitative section, the data collection instrument was semi-structured interview, and in the quantitative section, a 14-subscale researcher-made Teacher Professional Competences Questionnaire. Findings of the qualitative section were categorized into teachers’ cognitive competences, educational and managerial skills, and scientific, attitudinal, skill, behavioral, and general competences. From teachers’ viewpoints, the most important competences in “learning to be” was their ability to develop self-esteem and self-confidence in students, ability to increase personal skills such as self-awareness and self-belief in students, and their ability to guide students to determine the valuable goals for their lives. There was a consensus among views of experts and teachers about professional competences. There were no differences in the teachers’ opinions regarding the demographic characteristics of professional competences. Practical solutions of this learning approach were categorized by educational experts into solutions related to teacher education strategies, educational-training modalities, and the involvement of effective factors.
Implementing Education for Sustainable Development in Namibia: School Teachers’ Perceptions and Teaching Practices
Authors: Anyolo Eveline O. , Kärkkäinen Sirpa , Keinonen Tuula
Published: June 2018

Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) has been viewed as education that helps people develop the attitude, skills, and knowledge to make well-informed decisions for the benefit of the present and future generations. It aims at providing quality education through shared understanding and multi-disciplinary approaches in meeting the developmental and environmental apprehension for a sustainable future. Many theorists envisaged ESD as enhancing active involvement of learners both in school and out of school learning initiatives to acquire knowledge about sustainable development issues. The present paper discusses Namibian school teachers’ (n=9) perceptions of ESD and the teachers’ teaching practices using a qualitative-explorative study design. The data were gathered through two semi-structured interviews and lesson observations. The findings have revealed that senior secondary school teachers perceive ESD in terms of knowledge acquisition about the environment in order to use its resources sustainably for the benefit of future generations. The study has also revealed that teachers have positive sentiment toward the inclusion of ESD into the senior secondary school curriculum. Following this, they suggested that ESD should be either implemented as an independent subject or integrated with other existing subjects as a multi-disciplinary subject.
Assessing Teacher Competence and Its Follow-up to Support Professional Development Sustainability
Authors: Sumaryanta  , Mardapi Djemari , Sugiman  , Herawan Tutut
Published: June 2018

Teacher assessment has been recently considered as a minor issue in Education. Therefore, there is lacks teacher’s competency assessment as the basis for the sustainability of teacher profession development. This study was on attempt to describe the model of teacher assessment which had been implemented in Indonesia and its challenges to encourage the development of a sustainable teacher profession. The data was collected through documentation. Moreover, some interviews were conducted about (1) teacher competency test in 2012–2014 by 1,611,251 teachers; in 2015 by 2,699,516 teachers, and in 2016 by 427,189 teachers, and (2) teacher development programs as a follow-up of teacher competency tests. The obtained data was analized by descriptive quantitative and qualitative, respectively, on the document study result data and the interviews. The teacher competency test results were used to measure the mastery of pedagogic and professional competence of teachers at all subject matter and all levels of schools in Indonesia. Furthermore, the results are used as the basis for determining teacher quality improvement program in Indonesia continuous training. They are expected to provide best practice information from the implementation of teacher competency mapping done in Indonesia including its follow-up in order to develop the teacher’s sustainable profession.
Contradictions in Higher Education
Authors: Dzelzkalēja Laura , Sen. Jānis Kapenieks
Published: June 2018

The present paper is a literature and experience summary about contradictions existing in higher education, nowadays. Thus, it is important to understand the underlying reasons and historical background to find ability to move towards higher education system for sustainability. Seven main contradiction groups have been distinguished and an overview is given in the article. The analysis is more focused on a situation in Latvia and the post-soviet space since the authors are well acquainted with the system. The main future research object is university mission, since from the mission statement analysis it has been found that low rated universities lack the distinction between education and training, having bigger stress on training, and that is growing into future problems and this situation interferes with the sustainable education goal.
Adenosquamous carcinoma of the esophagus: A literature review
Authors: Schizas Dimitrios , Kapsampelis Panagiotis , Mylonas Konstantinos S.
Published: June 2018

Adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) of the esophagus is an uncommon type of esophageal cancer that contains both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma elements. Data on this biologically unique type of cancer are limited and mainly stem from case reports and small case series. We performed an audit of the available literature and synthesized a review on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, histopathology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of ASCs. Adenosquamous carcinoma of the esophagus is a rare type of esophageal cancer. Histological examination is necessary to confirm the diagnosis of ASC and patients usually receive multimodal treatment. Patient outcomes are not well defined and further research could help us better understand the pathophysiology and unique needs of patients with this rare malignancy.
Medical Family Businesses in Poland – Model and Managerial Challenges
Authors: Sułkowski Łukasz , Woźniak Andrzej , Sułkowska Joanna
Published: June 2018

Medical Family Businesses in Poland - Model and Managerial Challenges There is a deficit of data in Poland about characteristics of family enterprises providing medical services. The medical sector in Poland faces a rapid development of family businesses and is diverse because it encompasses various size business entities that specialize in many possible aspects of the medical business. The article is about the characteristics of family enterprises providing medical services and extent to which they resemble family businesses, and to which they are derived from medical service activities. The article is of theoretical nature and its aim is to propose the model for the functioning of family-owned medical businesses, taking into account the impact of the type of activity and the family organization. The first part of the article is focuses on characteristics of family businesses, there is relatively little representative research analyzing the share of family enterprises in the Polish economy and describing their character. The second part of the article is the problem of ethos of medical professions in relation to business and economic logics of an organization. In the third of the article part there is a proposal for a model combining both aspects of the functioning of this type of economic entities.
Determinants of the capital structure of TSL sector enterprises
Authors: Jędrzejczak-Gas Janina
Published: June 2018

Determinants of the capital structure of TSL (Transport, Spedition, Logistics) sector enterprises The capital structure has been of interest for researchers in the field of financial theory for over 60 years. However, literature surveys show that relatively few studies on the structure of capital and the factors shaping it can be applied to the TSL industry. The TSL (Transport, Spedition, Logistics) sector belongs to industries with a high development potential, both in the world and Poland. In order to meet the need for the diagnosis of the TSL industry in Poland, the research was undertaken to identify and examine the strength and direction of the impact of selected factors on the capital structure of enterprises in the TFL sector in Poland. The article consists of two parts. The first part explains the issues related to defining the concept of capital structure and includes identification of capital structure determinants based on the literature. The second part shows research methods, describes the sample, defines variables and presents results of the research. The enterprises listed on the NewConnect market were the subject of the research. It was to achieve the set goal that the correlation analysis and the linear regression method were used. Both correlation analysis and regression analysis have not confirmed the significance of all seven capital structure determinants. The correlation analysis has confirmed the significance of four determinants: asset structure, profitability, company size and financial liquidity. The regression analysis has also confirmed the statistical significance of the four determinants; these are: the structure of assets, size of the company, financial liquidity and the effective tax rate. The analysis of correlation shows that the level of indebtedness is positively correlated with the size of the enterprise and profitability, while negatively, with the structure of assets and financial liquidity. In turn, the regression analysis shows that the level of indebtedness is positively correlated only with one variable: the size of the enterprise, while negatively with the three variables: the structure of assets, financial liquidity and the effective tax rate.
The role of youth in the development of the creative industry
Authors: Budziewicz-Gruźlecka Agnieszka
Published: June 2018

The role of youth in the development of the creative industry Currently, the young generation develops in the vicinity of rapid technical and technological progress, which results in indispensable continuous access to the Internet. It is important to use this access skillfully, sensitizing young people to culture, which has a huge impact on the development of the creative industry. The aim of the article is to try to recognize how young people use cultural goods. The article presents the following research hypothesis - Increasing youth education in the use of cultural goods through the Internet will create a future creative class. It is important to draw today’s youth’s attention to the opportunities offered by the Internet in terms of access to culture. Education young people in this area contributes to creating a knowledgeable creative class. We should also remember, however, that the richness of web content facilitates access but at the same time translates into fragmentation of cultural experience.
Factors that Condition Seasonality in Farmer`s Employment in Farm, in Income, Sales and Price at Farm Level - for the Apple and Tomato Products
Authors: Deda Eriona
Published: June 2018

This paper is focused on several factors that cause seasonality in farmers work occupation, farm income, sales , and price expressed on the farm level for apples product. In this study we have taken several factors, and we have analyzed seasonality caused by the seasonal factors that we have taken in study, on economic phenomena expressed at the farm level, and whether apple is product with main activity on the farm. Seasonality has been expressed by method of econometric modeling and variance coefficient. Our study is based on the collection of primary data through surveys and questionnaires for 300 farmers that are engaged on apples and tomatoes activity in three respective areas, Korça, Prizren, Lushnja and we have evaluated the seasonality conditioned by seasonal factors in income, farmers employment over the year, sales and price at farm level, bearing in mind that for the Korça and Prizren areas the main activity on the farm is apples. And for Lushnja area the main activity is tomatoes. In this study we have taken into account the comparison of influence of these seasonal factors on basis of apple and tomato products, analyzing only for case when apple is the main activity on the farm.
Bureaucratic Reform in the Perspective of State Administration Law
Authors: Angkasah Lalu , Adolf Huala , Wibowo Gatot Dwi Hendro
Published: June 2018

This study aims to (1) analyze the development of bureaucratic reform regulation in Indonesia; (2) analyze the aspects of State Administration Law within the Government Bureaucracy; (3) examine obstacles in the implementation of bureaucratic reform in Indonesia; and (4) find bureaucratic reform model in Indonesia in the future. The ideal model of bureaucratic reform in Indonesia in the future can only be realized by improving the quality of the implementation of responsive and pro-service public services. For that reason, it takes the role of government bureaucracy in improving the quality of service through various innovative policy strategies by utilizing the application of various systems of information technology and administration.
Implementation of Bologna Process in Albania (2007 -2015)
Authors: Sulstarova Rovena
Published: June 2018

After signing the Bologna Declaration, Albania started the Bologna reforms in 2004. During the last 8 years higher education institutions in Albania has undergone a series reforms and new changes are under the way with the new law on higher education that is being discussed currently. However there is still a long way to go when it comes to practical implementation of Bologna principles and the related policy line. The aim of this paper is to investigate the process of harmonization of the Albanian Higher Education with the standards and practices of other EU member states, by focusing on the strategies and policies adopted by the state, institutions of higher education and by other actors involved. Despite the political rhetoric, the higher education system in Albania has displayed many problems with respect to the Bologna Process, having to do with the implementation of the structural reforms of Bologna context, enhancement of students’ learning, their mobility and the orientation of the higher education towards the business and the work market etc.
The Importance of Leadership Style in the University: Research Study at Universitas Islam Syekh-Yusuf Tangerang, Indonesia
Authors: Asmawi M. Rosul
Published: June 2018

This study aims to determine the importance of a suitable leadership style in university, particularly Universitas Islam Syekh Yusuf, Tangerang City, Indonesia, considering university as an organization possesses very different culture than organizations in general. Therefore a leader should implement a suitable leadership style that complies with the members and the goals of an organization. Comprehensive and detailed data could be obtained by conducting in-depth interviews, observations, and direct involvement of the researchers. This study shows that the culture of an organization is related to the leadership style, where a strong leadership skill is needed in order to build the culture of an organization. In conclusion, the finding of this study shows that democratic leadership is an effective leadership style to be implemented in the university.
Reflecting on the Impact of Globalization on Albania: An Analyses throughout History
Authors: Tafilica Marsida (Salihi)
Published: June 2018

Drawing upon components from inventory models of globalization, this paper aims to contribute to the presenting influence of globalization in Albania region, using data from national and international sources. Like many other developing countries, Albania could not be conditioned by the existence of a process such as globalization, which found Albania as a post-communist country that in 90s had just been confronted with the challenges of a fragile democracy. Being completely vulnerable to changes and pressures that the international community offered to them, this society has lost the selection ability. The purpose of this paper is to observe both the negative and the positive impacts of globalization on Albania. Furthermore, it attempts to suggest some recommendations among which are to assist in developing democratization process and improving the quality of life.
Special Issue Introduction: Research in Sustainable Transport Interchanges
Authors: Jackiva Irina Yatskiv , Nathanail Eftihia , Richter Klaus
Published: June 2018

This introductory paper gives the readers a brief description of the scope and contents of this Special Issue that consists of papers devoted to Sustainable Transport Interchanges and intermodal networks. The issue depicts the results of the EU project ALLIANCE, which addresses the topic of intermodal interconnections and presents the results of the international collaboration teams, which were established within the context of the project.
A Multi-Agent Approach towards Designing a City Port Business Model
Authors: Magginas Vissarion , Nathanail Eftihia , Manoli Stefania , Malnaca Kristine
Published: June 2018

The present paper concerns the design of a city port business model incorporating Public Private Partnership schemes. Extensive literature review was acquired, in order to fully comprehend the organizational schemes and state of practice of Public Private Partnerships at ports. A survey was conducted at the port of Volos, based on questionnaire and interviews, to define the functions and services of the port, which could benefit from the private involvement and improve its role as a transport interchange for all involved stakeholders. The collected data were analyzed, using a modified version of Analytic Hierarchy Process, which revealed the relevant importance of port functions and services. Three different management models were considered to tackle the most important issues that came up during the analysis and they were evaluated based on the literature; the current one, a landlord management model and a partial privatization management model. The results of this process indicated, that the landlord management model would be the most effective for the particular case of the port of Volos. The landlord model seemed to perform better in improving both the operation of the organization and the level of passenger satisfaction, through its increased management flexibility, due to the segmentation of services and reduction of bureaucracy, as well as the additional investment capital that it can attract. Based on the proposed management model, actions and measures improving on the port’s business model are recommended.
Influencia de los observadores sobre la agresión y el sentimiento de maltrato escolar
Authors: Conde Vélez Sara , Ávila Fernandez Jose Antonio
Published: June 2018

El objetivo del trabajo que se presenta es analizar la influencia que pueden ejercer los observadores sobre el sentimiento de agresor o víctima a partir de los datos ofrecidos por el estudio realizado sobre el acoso escolar, desde un análisis estructural, en los centros de Educación Primaria de la provincia de Huelva (España). Se elaboran tres escalas ad hoc: «Víctimas», «Agresor» y «Observador» aplicándose a una muestra de 2.156 sujetos pertenecientes a treinta centros de Educación Infantil y Primaria. Para el tratamiento de los datos se utiliza la técnica Partial Least Squares (PLS). Los resultados confirma la influencia que tiene la presencia de los observadores sobre la agresión, en sus distintas manifestaciones y sobre el sentimiento de maltrato. El modelo propuesto pone de relieve que el acoso escolar no sólo consiste en peleas y golpes, sino que el hostigamiento y el maltrato verbal, se presenta como el tipo de violencia más habitual.