bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation of certain provisions of the criminal law with the principles of law
Authors: Babikova O. , Fedorenko I.
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the issue of introduction of absolutely definite sanctions in the law on criminal liability, the reasons and prerequisites which contributed to their emergence, and the correlation of such changes with the principles of law. The Law of Ukraine «On Amendments to the Criminal Code of Ukraine on Strengthening Liability for Crimes Against the Fundamentals of National Security of Ukraine in the Conditions of Martial Law» of March 3, 2022, amended the law on criminal liability and strengthened liability under Articles 111 and 113 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which provide for liability for high treason and sabotage by applying absolutely certain sanctions. In the context of the issue raised, the authors also examine the current practice of law enforcement in the form of decisions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine and the European Court of Human Rights on similar issues through the prism of the principles of law. According to the provisions of the criminal law theory, a sanction is a part of a rule of law which contains instructions on the legal consequences of violation of a rule set forth in a disposition. The purpose of a sanction is to create certain unfavorable consequences for the offender or incentives for the subjects who comply with the governmental order.
The types of sanctions include: by the degree of certainty: 1) absolutely certain – clearly define the type and extent of legal liability; 2) relatively certain – the limits of legal liability are determined from minimum to maximum or only to maximum. An absolutely definite sanction is a type of sanction in a criminal law provision that establishes a single type and amount of punishment.
With the adoption of the new law on criminal liability in 2001, the legislator completely abandoned this type of sanction, which enabled courts to exercise discretion in passing sentences based on the results of each criminal proceeding.
In the article, the authors reflect and substantiate the assertion that in the sanctions of the articles under consideration, alternatives to imposing punishment for the specified criminal offenses in the form of life imprisonment as the most severe punishment currently available in the law can only formally be considered an alternative to imposing a punishment of 15 years of imprisonment. A formal approach to the issue of sentencing a person who has committed a criminal offense not only makes it impossible to individualize responsibility, but also to demonstrate to society the principle of justice in sentencing.
Legal use of special means in the investigation of official forgery of documents
Authors: Repluk N. M. , Kopcha V. V.
Published: September 2024

The Constitution of Ukraine, the Criminal Code of Ukraine, the rule of law, p.
According to the study of this direction, various scientists paid a lot of attention to the study of the problems of official criminal offenses and the use of special knowledge in general. However, no monographic scientific research has been carried out in Ukraine, which would combine scientific assets in the direction of special knowledge and official falsification and would reflect a comprehensive approach to the mentioned issues, despite the undoubted relevance of this topic and the need for practice, 89.6% of the respondents testified to the need for a comprehensive study of it. And although combating corruption was identified as one of the state’s priority areas, law enforcement agencies have difficulties in proving official forgery, which actualizes the need to highlight the possibilities of using special knowledge during the investigation of such facts. So, based on the experience of scientists, practical workers, taking into account changes in legislation and the specifics of official criminal offenses, we made an attempt to investigate the origins of the development of scientific opinion on official forgery, the possibilities of using special knowledge during their investigation, and to determine the main directions for improving their investigation. The closest to the topic of our research is the organization and tactics of the investigation of official forgery, which highlights: the content of the forensic characteristics of official forgery, its elements, such as the methods of committing the crime, the identity of the criminal, the object of the crime, a typical investigative picture; correlational dependencies between the elements of the forensic characteristics of official forgeries were revealed; types of methods of counteracting the investigation of official forgery in modern conditions (refusal to issue documents, items requested by the investigator, limiting the investigator’s access to information, refusal to provide samples for comparative research, influence on the investigator, in particular with the help of a defense attorney), the means of overcoming them are outlined; classification of means of investigative verification of information on the detection of signs of official forgery; the classification of circumstances to be established during the investigation of official forgeries, namely: general circumstances characteristic of the investigation of crimes in general, and special circumstances - the fact that the forged document belongs to an official one, the type and method of document forgery, the connection of the forged document with others and the consequences, that arose in connection with the validity of the document, etc.
Peculiarities of forensic characterization in the investigation of criminal offenses committed by judges
Authors: Tsipotan Y. P.
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of the degree of scientific development of the issues of criminalistic characterization. The scientific approaches to determining the essence of the criminalistic characterization of crimes in the structure of the investigation methodology are considered. The importance of this scientific category is emphasized. It is noted that one of the most important components in the structure of the forensic methodology is the forensic characterization of a crime.
The author reviews the literature in the field of criminal law, criminal procedure, forensics, and operational and investigative activities related to abuse of power or official position by a judge in the administration of justice, and also their detection and investigation. The author presents different approaches to the concept and structure of forensic characteristics in general and, in particular, to the structure of forensic characteristics of acceptance of an offer, promise or receipt of an unlawful benefit.
Based on the results of the analysis of court practice on combating undue advantage in Ukraine in recent years, it is established that a significant share of such encroachments falls on the judiciary.
The author analyzes the concept and components of the forensic characterization of criminal offenses committed by judges. It is found that its structure includes the following elements: identity of the offender, identity of the victim, method of commission, object of the offense, setting, time and place of commission, motive and purpose of the criminal offense, typical traces of the crime (“trace pattern”). The existence of interrelations between the elements of forensic characterization makes it possible to use a systematic approach in the study of this issue. It is stated that the subject of criminal encroachment is an unlawful remuneration; the author identifies the ways of committing and concealing a crime; the author proposes to divide the ways of direct receipt of unlawful benefit into certain types; the elements of the “trace picture” are revealed; it is emphasized that the most typical places of giving and receiving unlawful benefit by judges are the office, other premises of a particular institution or organization, and public places; the author also emphasizes the characteristic features of the offender and the victim.
The analysis of monographs, dissertations and other scientific works on the outlined issues has shown that the fundamentals of the methodology for investigating criminal offenses committed by judges remain undeveloped.
Pecularities of a lawyer’s remuneration for professional activity in Ukraine and Germany
Authors: Somak T. O.
Published: September 2024

According to the fact Ukraine sees the process of European integration as one of the main directions of its further development, which is confirmed by the resolution of the European Parliament, according to which Ukraine was granted the status of a candidate country for joining the European Union, the study of the experience of the leading countries of the European Union (hereinafter – the EU) should become a certain basis in the process of reforming the judiciary, the Institute of Advocacy is a part of which. Modern Ukrainian legislation in the context of remuneration for a lawyer’s professional activity has significant shortcomings and contradictions, and with regard to the so-called «success fee», the judicial practice is ambiguous and has already changed several times in previous years. At the same time, the institution of a lawyer’s remuneration for his professional activity needs changes and clarifications also in connection with the fact that the main categorical apparatus, which is used in the regulation of issues of this institute, is not coordinated with its European counterparts, and therefore leads to the emergence of legislative collisions in the future during a closer relationship between Ukraine and the EU countries after Ukraine becomes a member of the EU countries.
A study of the historical analysis of the emergence and development of the institution of remuneration of a lawyer for his professional activity, as well as methods of calculating the amount and payment of a lawyer’s fee, forms and methods, which contributes to a comprehensive study of this institution. At the same time, on the basis of a comparative analysis between the studied institute in Ukraine and Germany, it is advisable to develop ways of improving Ukrainian legislation in this field.
Special attention is paid to the so-called «success fee» of a lawyer for his professional activity, the issues of application of this type of lawyer’s fee both in Ukraine and in Germany are investigated. On the basis of the analysis, those issues that require further regulation at the legislative level in Ukraine and the identification of types of «success fee» have been identified on the example of how this issue is resolved in the EU countries, taking into account the practice of the European Court of Human Rights.
The article is based on general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge, namely: the dialectical method, the method of synthesis and analysis, the comparative legal method, as well as historical and terminological approaches.
The role of national and international standardization activities in the process of post-war reconstruction of Ukraine
Authors: Chornolutsky R. V.
Published: September 2024

The article analyzes the role of national and international norm-project activities in the process of post-war reconstruction of Ukraine.
It is proved that in the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war, which is of an aggressive nature on the part of the aggressor, great troubles and destruction have been caused to our people and their state, which have manifested themselves in numerous human casualties, disintegration and destruction of the basic everyday and critical infrastructure of territorial communities, destruction and the actual devastation of large territories, which makes it virtually impossible for a person to exist and function in the relevant territory, limits his opportunities to organize his stable and predictable life cycle, as well as to satisfy existential needs, efforts, and interests. However, the war itself objectifies and actualizes the issue of the post-war restoration of the state and its TG, and this, in turn, puts on the agenda the issues of rule-making by the public authorities of the state and subjects of international relations, including member states of the international community and their associative and structural units - international intergovernmental and intergovernmental organizations, including, first of all, the important stage of norm-making - norm-project activity.
It is argued that norm-projecting activity at the national and international levels in the process of post-war recovery of Ukraine plays an important methodological and praxeological significance, because the principles of post-war recovery of Ukraine and its TG: a) quite clearly, clearly, unambiguously reflect and determine the fundamental directions, forms and guidelines of norm-projecting activity public authorities of the state; b) even more, they are aimed at the unambiguous formation and formulation of the rights and obligations of the subjects of social relations that will arise in the process of post-war recovery; c) must be adequately taken into account and reflected in the relevant standard-setting activity of public state authorities, as well as, and this is especially important, in the standard-setting of local self-government bodies; d) they form the foundations of state legal and municipal legal policy in the field of post-war reconstruction. At the same time, the lion’s share of the above principles of the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine and its TG has a significant impact on the international level - their practical implementation cannot be implemented without significant financial assistance from foreign partners. And this, in turn, actualizes and contextualizes the normative-drafting activity of public authorities of Ukraine (including local self-government bodies) in the field of international contract law, including normative-drafting work in the field of international inter-municipal cooperation, as well as general international cooperation.
Ideological and methodological foundations of the «idea of law» by Gustav Radbruch
Authors: Bogdan O. V. , Serediuk V. V.
Published: September 2024

The famous German legal philosopher G. Radbruch has gone through a complex scientific path which influenced both his worldview and methodological foundations of the concepts proposed by him. The study traces the evolution of Radbruch’s philosophy of law, which was formed under the influence of representatives of neo-Kantianism, in particular G. Simmel, H. Rickert, E. Lask and the school of «free law” – G. Kantorovich, as well as historical events – the domination of Nazism in Germany. The authors reveal the peculiarities of G. Radbruch’s methodology; his position is based on the neo-Kantian methodology of distinguishing between “what is” and “what ought to be”, on the methodology of the philosophy of values and the principle that it is logically impossible from what is to derive what is valuable, what is right, what ought to be. G. Radbruch viewed law as a cultural phenomenon, a value fact that differs from other normative systems by a special value that is important for the realization of justice. The law as a phenomenon has a positive form ( statute, custom, international agreement) and social significance (regulates human behaviour and relations). But law also has a normative character (it is an evaluation and a requirement for reality), it also has a social purpose (which is to achieve the public good), it has an individual purpose (which is to realise and ensure human rights) and a nature of universality, and therefore equality and it should embody justice. The authors examine the well-known and fundamental concept of the “idea of law” which is fundamental to Radbruch’s philosophy and consists of three elements: justice, expediency (sustability), and legal certainty. The idea of law is an essential requirement for positive law; it legitimizes it, makes it “correct law” and “lawfull law (statute)”. Legislation that does not embody the idea of law essentially loses its legal nature. Justice is the formal equal treatment of equals and unequal treatment of unequals. Legal certainty reflects the social and individual purpose of law and justifies human freedom, equality and uniqueness on the basis of human value. Expediency (sustability) is the clarity, certainty, and comprehensibility of the law and should be understood as a basis for ensuring justice. G. Radbruch’s concept of the “idea of law” is essentially a modern theory of the legitimation of positive law.
To the question of the structure of the legal obligation
Authors: Popovych T. P.
Published: September 2024

Legal obligations play an important role in the mechanism of interaction between the state, law and the individual; without them, neither a balanced legal system, nor effective legal regulation, nor a clear legal order in society are possible. Legal obligations contribute to establishing clear standards of behavior in society, emphasizing its most useful and appropriate options. Moreover, the content of legal obligations reflects the basic principles of an individual’s interaction with society and the state, since the obligation itself as an instrument of legal regulation allows to create a balance between the interests of individual social groups and the individual as a part of them. So, for example, the obligation not to encroach on the rights and freedoms, honor and dignity of other people, which is contained in Art. 68 of the Constitution of Ukraine and is one of the tools for achieving a compromise and balance between the interests of individual participants in social relations. In addition, due to their imperativeness, formal determination and state protection, legal duties are able to optimally ensure proper and effective regulation of social relations.
Duty is a multifaceted category that is of exceptional importance in various spheres of social life, which causes special interest in its research in general and its internal structure in particular. Instead, more often, the subject of scientific research in the field of law is the rights of a person and a citizen, which to some extent reduces the value of legal obligations. The lack of an adequate level of scientific study of the category of legal obligations causes a number of shortcomings in the process of direct implementation of obligations by their addressees. That is, the lack of a comprehensive study and interpretation of the nature of the legal obligation, its internal content and structure has as a consequence the imperfection of its understanding by the individuals to whom such obligations are directed, which, in turn, causes a low level of their implementation and compliance.
The theoretical foundations of the category of legal duty are extremely important for understanding its essence and means of implementation, because it is the duty of consideration They are given as a guarantee of the existence of freedom, democracy, responsibility and morality in society. That is why we consider it necessary to investigate the internal content of the legal obligation through the prism of its structure.
On some aspects of the WTO Jurisprudence and Dispute Settlement Mechanism
Authors: Safarli Kanan Yusif
Published: September 2024

The paper first explores certain aspects of dispute resolution mechanism implemented within the World Trade Organization and then proceeds with the legal analysis of a number of legal presumptions, concepts and principles both of procedural and substantive legal nature developed and applicable within the framework of the above mentioned mechanism for resolving disputes between the WTO member-states. The Paper examines the main features that distinguish the dispute resolution mechanism used within the WTO from the GATT mechanism, which mechanism, i/e/ the one implemented within the WTO framework, is recognized to be more legal in nature in contrast to the more political nature of the GATT dispute resolution mechanism, given that under the GATT mechanism the direct negotiations had more weight in reaching the final settlement than within the WTO system, where formal juridical disciplines, as the practice of dispute settlement indicates, play far more role and has become a key element of the system.
Also, certain procedural presumptions and principles applicable in the adjudication process as well as the procedure and feature characteristic for the enforcement of decisions are examined in the paper based on and with reference to the number of panel and Appellate Body decisions. Decisions delivered by panels and the Appelate Body represent a very important tool for the interpretation of the WTO law and shapes the practice of its implementation. In this regard, although it is not considered a formal source, Appelate Body and panel decisions should be considered as an important source of both procedural and substantive WTO law. The DSB practice established under the GATT/WTO law, on the one hand, defines a set of applicable procedural rules and on the other hand, develops the WTO substantive law by way of developing the criteria and rules governing the application of provisions of the WTO agreements and other sources governing rights and obligations of the member-states.
Particular attention in this regard is paid to the peculiarities of the application of the principle of responsibility for lawful actions applied in the WTO jurisprudence, under the relevant WTO agreements and more specifically under the GATT, GATS, TRIPS and SCM Agreements. Also a number of procedural concepts the principles e.g. the “prima facie case”, “rational relationship” elaborated in the “Hormone” case, principle of multi-criteria assessment initially applied in «Korea - fresh, chilled and frozen meat» case and negative presumption rule applied by the panels are analysied.
Gender-based sexual violence during the international armed conflict on the territory of Ukraine: problem statement
Authors: Zeinalov Ali Ogly
Published: September 2024

The article highlights the problem of gender-based sexual violence during the international armed conflict on the territory of Ukraine. Based on the analysis of international documents, customary international law, and scientific sources, it is shown that sexual violence and gender-based violence are distinct concepts. However, in the context of Ukrainian judicial practice under Article 438 “Violation of the Laws and Customs of War” of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, gender-based violence is exclusively sexual in nature and is expressed mainly in the form of gender-based rape. The doctrinal approach is supported, according to which the signs of sexual and gender-based violence are: 1) an act (an actual act), 2) coercion (an act committed against the person’s will), 3) a cause (determined by gender), 4) consequences (causing one or more types of harm or suffering to a person). The author identifies the signs of rape related to armed conflict arising from the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, the Elements of Crimes of the International Criminal Court, and customary international law. The actus reus of rape is that the perpetrator has assaulted the body of a person by committing an act that resulted in penetration, even minor, of any part of the victim’s or perpetrator’s body with a sexual organ, or penetration of the victim’s anus or vagina with any object or any part of the body; the fact that rape is a component of war crimes is determined by the presence of a specific situation (coercion by military personnel). The mens rea of rape is the need to establish the perpetrator’s awareness of the encroachment on the human body by committing an act that resulted in penetration; the perpetrator’s awareness of the circumstances of the act (use of force or threat of force, use of coercion, use of a coercive environment, inability of the person to give consent expressing his or her true will), including the absence of the victim’s consent.
“Siempre vigilada, siempre controlada”
Authors: Pérez Sián María José
Published: September 2024

Las aldeas modelo en el departamento de Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, fueron espacios para concentrar y reeducar a la población, implementados por el ejército después de una intensa campaña militar de masacres, desplazamientos forzados y persecuciones iniciada en 1978 y exacerbada hacia 1983. En este contexto, el control del cuerpo y del trabajo de las mujeres mayas fue crucial para atemorizar y someter a los pobladores con el fin de poner en marcha políticas nacionales de desarrollo y seguridad que se acoplaran al régimen finquero. Este artículo retoma las experiencias de mujeres poqomchi’ de la comunidad de San Lucas Chiacal en torno a lo ocurrido durante su desplazamiento forzado, su reclusión en las aldeas modelo y sus implicaciones en las dinámicas comunitarias actuales.
Combined effect of climate change and labor relation on optimally managing labor productivity under uncertainty
Authors: Zhu Jinxin , Wang Liren , Liu Zhengyuan
Published: September 2024

Heat stress amplified by climate change causes excessive reductions in labor capacity, work injuries, and socio-economic losses. Yet studies of corresponding impact assessments and adaptation developments are insufficient and incapable of effectively dealing with uncertain information. This gap is caused by the inability to resolve complex channels involving climate change, labor relations, and labor productivity. In this paper, an optimization-based productivity restoration modeling framework is developed to bridge the gap and support decision-makers in making informed adaptation plans. The framework integrates a multiple-climate-model ensemble, an empirical relationship between heat stress and labor capacity, and an inexact system costs model to investigate underlying uncertainties associated with climate and management systems. Optimal and reliable decision alternatives can be obtained by communicating uncertain information into the optimization processes and resolving multiple channels. Results show that the increased heat stress will lead to a potential reduction in labor productivity in China. By solving the objective function of the framework, total system costs to restore the reduction are estimated to be up to 248,700 million dollars under a Representative Concentration Pathway of 2.6 (RCP2.6) and 697,073 million dollars under RCP8.5 for standard employment, while less costs found for non-standard employment. However, non-standard employment tends to restore productivity reduction with the minimum system cost by implementing active measures rather than passive measures due to the low labor costs resulting from ambiguities among employment statuses. The situation could result in more heat-related work injuries because employers in non-standard employment can avoid the obligation of providing a safe working environment. Urgent actions are needed to uphold labor productivity with climate change, especially to ensure that employers from non-standard employment fulfill their statutory obligations.
Big data and supply chain crisis financial risk management: A bibliometric review
Authors: Kamperos Ioannis Dimitrios G. , Giannakopoulos Nikolaos T. , Kanellos Nikos , Sakas Damianos P.
Published: September 2024

The presence of a crisis has consistently been an inherent aspect of the Supply Chain, mostly as a result of the substantial number of stakeholders involved and the intricate dynamics of their relationships. The objective of this study is to assess the potential of Big Data as a tool for planning risk management in Supply Chain crises. Specifically, it focuses on using computational analysis and modeling to quantitatively analyze financial risks. The “Web of Science—Elsevier” database was employed to fulfill the aims of this work by identifying relevant papers for the investigation. The data were inputted into VOS viewer, a software application used to construct and visualize bibliometric networks for subsequent research. Data processing indicates a significant rise in the quantity of publications and citations related to the topic over the past five years. Moreover, the study encompasses a wide variety of crisis types, with the COVID-19 pandemic being the most significant. Nevertheless, the cooperation among institutions is evidently limited. This has limited the theoretical progress of the field and may have contributed to the ambiguity in understanding the research issue.
Optimizing financial success: The synergistic impact of artificial intelligence and R&D investments in U.S. firms
Authors: Kumari Sonia , Shaikh Raja , Bhayo Mujeeb-u-Rehman , Devi Sharmila , Cao Shengjie
Published: September 2024

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) and intellectual machines can support businesses in performing various activities. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the performance outcomes by assessing the concentration of AI technologies. To create a quantifiable score of AI concentration, AI-related terms are identified in the annual reports of all listed firms in the U.S. For analysis purposes, a fixed effects model is employed, using firms’ panel data from 2003 to 2022. The analysis reveals that AI concentration is beneficial for a company’s financial success. Additional analysis examines the moderating role of research and development (R&D). Firms with higher R&D spending experience increased financial benefits from concentrating on AI technologies. The uniqueness of this study lies in analyzing the financial success through the AI and R&D parameters. The findings support a higher concentration on AI, combined with higher R&D spending, to attain greater financial success. The main insights suggest that management must evaluate their existing focus on AI and R&D spending to improve their financial position.
Hubungan Self-Efficacy dan Lama Hemodialisis terhadap Kualitas Hidup Pasien yang Menjalani Hemodialisis
Authors: Sinaga Parmo , Siswandi Iyar , Bahri Syarif Hidayatullah
Published: September 2024

Latar Belakang. Gagal Ginjal Kronik (GGK) merupakan gangguan fungsi ginjal yang bersifat progresif sehingga memerlukan treatment berupa hemodialisis yang bertujuan untuk mengganti fungsi ginjal yang sudah rusak. Hemodialisis merupakan prosedur vital bagi pasien dengan gagal ginjal, namun dampaknya tidak terbatas pada aspek fisik saja, melainkan juga memengaruhi kualitas hidup pasien. Self efficacy, sebagai faktor psikologis yang mempengaruhi keyakinan individu akan kemampuannya dalam menghadapi pengobatan dan perawatan kesehatan serta lama waktu hemodialisis.Objektif. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan self efficacy dan lama hemodialisis terhadap kualitas hidup pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis di unit hemodialisa RS Jakarta utara Tahun 2020.Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deksriptif-korelatif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sebanyak 66 responden di RS Jakarta utara dipilih menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Pengambilan data di lakukan mulai dari Agustus-Oktober 2022 dengan teknik pengisian kuisioner untuk mengukur self eficacy dengan menggunakan kuisioner General Self Eficcacy Scale (GSES), dan cara pengukuran kualitas hidup menggunakan kuisioner The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF). Uji koefisien korelasi menggunakan Spearman’s Rho. Hasil. Hasil penelitian didapatkan self efficacy mayoritas memiliki tingkat self efficacy sedang 56,1%, lama Hemodialisis >24 bulan 63,6%, kualitas hidup sedang 89,4%. Ada hubungan antara self efficacy terhadap kualitas hidup pasien dengan nilai p-value 0,003 (p<0,05). Ada hubungan antara lama hemodialisis terhadap kualitas hidup pasien dengan nilai p-value 0,001 (p<0,05).Kesimpulan. Disimpulkan bahwa self efficacy dan lama hemodialisis dapat mempengaruhi kualitas hidup pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis. Kata Kunci : Hemodialisis, Self Efficacy, Lama Hemodialisis, Kualitas Hidup.
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Stigma Masyarakat Terhadap Orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA)
Authors: Fadhila Asa Nur , Siswandi Iyar , Chairunnisa Dea , Kamil Abdu Rahim
Published: September 2024

Background. Banyak masyarakat Indonesia yang memandang orang dengan HIV/AIDS dengan sebelah mata dan menganggap mereka yang menderita penyakit tersebut tidak pantas diterima di masyarakat. Padahal pandangan masyarakat tersebut sangat berpengaruh terhadap kehidupan ODHA.Objective. Untuk mengetahui hubungan usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, dan status ekonomi dengan stigma masyarakat terhadap ODHA di wilayah Jakarta Pusat. Methods. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif korelasi menggunakan metode cross-sectional. Dengan teknik sampel purposive sampling. Pada variabel independen berupa karakteristik responden diketahui dengan menggunakan kuesioner demografi dan stigma masyarakat diukur menggunakan kuesioner I-HSS Scale. Analisa bivariat yang dilakukan adalah uji T Independent dan uji Chi Square. Results. Responden pada penelitian ini merupakan masyarakat di wilayah Jakarta Pusat yang berjumlah 111 orang. Pengolahan data menunjukkan responden yang mengalami stigma tinggi berjumlah 59 orang (53,2%).Conclusion. Variabel yang berhubungan dengan stigma masyarakat terhadap ODHA adalah tingkat pendidikan [p = 0,022 dengan OR: 2,813 (1,234-6,409)] dan status ekonomi [p = 0,022 dengan OR: 2,668 (1,219-5,839)], sedangkan variabel yang tidak berhubungan adalah usia (p = 0,089) dan jenis kelamin [p = 0,366 dengan OR: 0,648 (0,298-1,406)].Kata Kunci: Stigma; Masyarakat; Orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA)
Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu tentang Gizi Seimbang dengan Perilaku Keluarga dalam Pemenuhan Gizi pada Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas
Authors: Kharomain Imam , Eka Wisnu , Hasanah Uswatun
Published: September 2024

Latar Belakang: Anak balita merupakan salah satu kelompok usia yang mendapatkan prioritas utama oleh pemerintah dalam hal upaya perbaikan gizi karena kelompok anak pada usia tersebut masih sangat memerlukan gizi untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan, pengetahuan mengenai gizi balita sangat diperlukan untuk membentuk perilaku yang baik, kurangnya pengetahuan gizi dan kesehatan orang tua, khususnya ibu merupakan salah satu penyebab kekurangan gizi pada anak balita. Objektif: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu tentang gizi seimbang dengan perilaku keluarga dalam pemenuhan gizi pada balita diwilayah kerja puskesmas. Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel didapatkan dengan teknik purposive sampling dan didapatkan 56 responden. Analisa penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu analisa univariat untuk mengetahui gambaran karakteristik responden. Hasil: Hasil yang didapat adalah sebanyak 45 responden (80,4%) memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang kurang mengenai perubahan fisik, seksual dan psikologis, dan sebanyak 29 responden (51,8%) juga memiliki sikap negatif dalam menghadapi perubahan fisik, seksual dan psikologis. Implikasi Klinis: Peningkatan pengetahuan ibu tentang gizi seimbang dengan perilaku keluarga sebagai pemenuhan gizi pada anaknnya. Kesimpulan: Studi ini menemukan bahwa terdapat ada hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu tentang gizi seimbang dengan perilaku keluarga dalam pemenuhan gizi pada balita diwilayah kerja puskesmas Jakarta Pusat. Keywords: Pengetahuan, Perilaku, Gizi.
Prevalensi Infeksi Opportunistik pada Pasien HIV/AIDS
Authors: Putri Abdillah Septiana , Budiyati Dwi , Handayani Fitri , Jannah Raudatul
Published: September 2024

Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat prevalensi opportunistik pada pasien HIV/AIDS.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode systematic review ini menggunakan Pelaporan Pilihan untuk Tinjauan Sistematis dan Pedoman Meta-Analisis (PRISMA).Hasil: Seratus sembilan puluh tujuh artikel ditemukan pada database PubMed dan selanjutnya dilakukan penelusuran menggunakan database ProQuest dengan kata kunci yang sama dan didapatkan 43 artikel penelitian. Jadi jumlah dari 2 database adalah 240 artikel.  Penelitian ini berfokus pada prevalensi oportunistik yang beragam disuatu negara dari tahun 1986 sampai 2012. Diagram prisma menggambarkan, dari seluruh artikel yang didapatkan setelah dilakukan screening banyak ditemukan topik yang tidak sesuai dengan yang akan kami teliti, populasi yang tidak sesuai, terdapat artikel yang bukan penelitian, metode penelitian yang tidak sesuai dan juga ada beberapa artikel yang tidak bisa kami akses saat akan kami teliti. Sehingga dari 240 artikel yang memenuhi syarat untuk penelitian ini sebanyak 8 artikel.Kesimpulan: Hasil dari penelitian ini membahas berbagai penelitian mengenai infeksi oportunistik pada pasien HIV/AIDS, termasuk infeksi parasit dan tuberkulosis. Studi dilakukan di berbagai negara, seperti Brazil, Amerika Serikat, India, dan Ethiopia, dengan ukuran sampel dan metodologi yang berbeda-beda. Tingkat prevalensi infeksi oportunistik tertentu, seperti Pneumocystis jirovecii dan Toxoplasma, dilaporkan dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini menyebutkan penggunaan desain penelitian yang berbeda, termasuk penelitian cross-sectional dan kohort, untuk menilai prevalensi infeksi oportunistik. Temuan dari penelitian ini mencakup tingkat prevalensi tuberkulosis, kriptosporidiosis, dan infeksi oportunistik lainnya pada pasien HIV/AIDS.Kata Kunci: Prevalensi, Infeksi oppurtunistik, HIV/AIDS
KAJIAN ARSITEKTUR PERILAKU PADA BANGUNAN FASILITAS PENDIDIKAN OLAHRAGA SEPAK BOLA PSF ACADEMY, JAKARTA SELATAN
Authors: Ferdiansyah Rafli , Lissimia Finta
Published: September 2024

ABSTRAK. Sepak bola menjadi olahraga yang sangat populer di kalangan berbagai orang termasuk anak-anak dan remaja. Besarnya minat terhadap olahraga sepak bola  tidak sebanding dengan minimnya sarana dan prasarana untuk menyelenggarakan pembinaan olahraga sepak bola. Artinya, masih kurangnya pelatihan sepak bola yang seharusnya dilakukan secara profesional. Membangun sebuah gedung sarana latihan olahraga sepak bola tentunya memerlukan peran seorang arsitek untuk merancang bangunan tersebut guna memenuhi kebutuhan latihan olahraga sepak bola. Studi kasus pada penelitian ini yang digunakan adalah PSF Academy yang terletak di Jakarta Selatan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi perilaku pengguna dan memahami kebutuhan pengguna pada bangunan fasilitas olahraga pendidikan sepak bola. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif naratif bentuknya berupa wawancara, observasi langsung, dan analisis dokumen pribadi, yang dimana bersifat menggambarkan, menguraikan suatu hal dengan apa adanya dan data yang di kumpulkan yaitu berupa sebuah kata-kata atau penalaran, dan gambar. Berdasarkan hasil dari analisis prinsip-prinsip arsitektur perilaku menurut teori Weinstein & David 1987. Pada fasilitas pendidikan olahraga sepak bola ini baru memenuhi 3 poin prinsip yang belum terpenuhi. Kata Kunci: arsitektur, fasilitas olahraga, perilaku, sekolah sepak bola ABSTRACT. Football has become a very popular sport among a variety of people including children and adolescents. The greatest interest in football is not equal to the minimal means and means to organize the construction of football sports. I mean, there's still a lack of football training that should be done professionally. The construction of a building for a football training facility requires the role of an architect to design the building to meet the needs of football training. The case study on this study used was the PSF Academy located in South Jakarta. The objective of this research is to identify user behavior and understand user needs on building football education sports facilities. The methods used in this research are qualitative descriptive narrative variables such as interviews, direct observations, and analysis of personal documents, which are describing, describing a thing by what it is and the data collected is a word or reasoning, and a picture. Based on the results of the analysis of behavioral architectural principles according to Weinstein & David's 1987 theory. This football sports educational facility has just met three principles that have not been met. Keywords: architecture, behavior, football academy, sport center
KAJIAN KONSEP ARSITEKTUR INDUSTRIAL PADA BANGUNAN FASILITAS PENDIDIKAN, Bangunan Politeknik Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN)
Authors: Alnawawi Muhammad Sidiq , Afgani Jundi Jundullah
Published: September 2024

ABSTRAK. Seorang arsitek bertindak sebagai perancang konsep untuk pembangunan sebuah struktur. Oleh karena itu, konsep bangunan harus dipertimbangkan secara serius oleh seorang arsitek. Salah satu konsep yang bisa diadopsi adalah konsep industrial, yang menitikberatkan pada aspek fungsional dari suatu bangunan yang akan dibangun. Konsep arsitektur industrial pada dasarnya melibatkan perencanaan mengenai bentuk, bahan, dan elemen lainnya. Penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dalam penelitian ini. Pendekatan ini melibatkan observasi langsung dan tidak langsung terhadap objek penelitian, kemudian menganalisis data yang terkumpul melalui observasi dan menjelaskannya dalam bentuk narasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memberikan wawasan atau gambaran yang sesuai dengan realitas di lapangan mengenai konsep arsitektur industrial. Hasil penelitian ini mencakup penjelasan rinci tentang konsep arsitektur industrial pada bangunan fasilitas pendidikan politeknik multimedia nusantara. Mulai dari bagaimana bentuk bangunannya, penggunaan material pada politeknik UMN ini, penggunaan warna, hingga bagian ekspos pada bangunan, sehingga mengetahui prinsip apa saja yang di terapkan pada politeknik UMN ini yang di duga menggunakan konsep arsitektur industrial. Kata Kunci: Arsitektur, Bangunan, Fasilitas Pendidikan, Industrial ABSTRACT. An architect acts as a concept designer for the construction of a structure. Therefore, the building concept must be considered seriously by an architect. One concept that can be adopted is the industrial concept, which focuses on the functional aspects of a building to be built. The concept of industrial architecture basically involves planning regarding form, materials and other elements. The author used descriptive qualitative research methods in this research. This approach involves direct and indirect observation of the research object, then analyzing the data collected through observation and explaining it in narrative form. The aim of this research is to provide insights or descriptions that are in accordance with the reality in the field regarding the concept of industrial architecture. The results of this research include a detailed explanation of the concept of industrial architecture in the Nusantara Multimedia Polytechnic educational facility building. Starting from the shape of the building, the use of materials at the UMN polytechnic, the use of color, to the exposed parts of the building so that later you will know what principles are applied at this UMN polytechnic which is thought to use the concept of industrial architecture. Keywords: Architecture, Building, Educational Facilities, Industrial
Does the Novel Dual Source Heat Pump (DSHP) Out-Perform the Ideal DSHP? Experimentation Versus Simulation of DSHP Based Thermodynamic Irreversibility of the Throttle Valve
Authors: Ehiorobo Edwin , Gbadebo Adedeji Daniel
Published: September 2024

Purpose:  The air-source heat pumps are associated with continuous frosting problems. To ensure a more energy efficiency technology, the novel dual-source heat pump (DSHP) was developed. This article aims to confirm and compare the energy performance of the novel dual-source heat pump (DSHP) with the performance of an ideal heat pump.
 
Methods: We applied an experimental analysis from an installed DSHP system with converters and other components to obtain the energy performance of the DSHP, while the performance of an ideal pump was obtained from simulation based on the theoretical algorithm of the basic principle of the thermodynamic irreversibility of the throttle valve.
 
Results: We found that the Ideal (simulated) DSHP has a higher coefficient of performance (COP) than the installed (experimented) DSHP. The Ideal DSHP’s COP of 4.52 is higher than the Novel DSHP’s COP, which range from 1.78 (day 3) to 2.01 (day 1). The DSHP are power efficient, which reduces carbon emission from whatever power source that is been used.
 
Implications: Energy efficiency in buildings has severe implications for global warmings and the need for sustainability. Because the modern ventilation system utilise energy from waste and heat recovery to power heating and cooling systems, the DSHP remains promising for future generations of building ventilation design.
 
Originality/Value: The value of the study is because it completes an experiment that analyse the performance of the DSHP, comparing the outcomes with results from a simulation based on an Ideal system.
КИТАЙСКО-РОССИЙСКОЕ НАУЧНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКОЕ СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВО: ИСТОРИЯ, ТЕКУЩЕЕ ПОЛОЖЕНИЕ И ПРОБЛЕМЫ
Authors: Цунюэ Ван
Published: September 2024

In 2019, China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination entered a new era. Science and technology cooperation is seen as a key pillar of the partnership and one of the most promising areas of cooperation. However, both China and Russia are facing unprecedented pressure in the field of science and technology. On the one hand, Russia has been subjected to harsh Western sanctions and technology export controls following its extraordinary military action in Ukraine. On the other hand, with the continuous improvement of China's comprehensive national strength, the United States has strengthened its containment of China, especially in the field of science and technology, and launched a technological confrontation against China. China and Russia need to work together to break the Western technological blockade. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study Sino-Russia science and technology cooperation. For the high-quality development of Sino-Russian science and technology cooperation, this paper will use methods of analysis, information synthesis, historical method and system method to review the history of Sino-Russia science and technology cooperation, research the current situation of the cooperation, and analyze the problems faced by Sino-Russia science and technology cooperation. This article argues that the most important thing for Sino-Russian science and technology cooperation is to improve strategic mutual trust and give play to the advantages of "complementarity" between China and Russia, while establishing a system for training versatile personnel. In addition, China and Russia also need to expand cooperation areas and upgrade the level and scale of cooperation by relying on such platforms and mechanisms as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), BRICS and the Belt and Road, so as to enhance the scientific and technological strength of China and Russia in the world.
Women Who Gave Birth in the Past 12 Months, 2022
Authors: Wiborg Corrine
Published: September 2024

In 2024, the CDC issued a report indicating the United States’ general fertility rate (i.e., the total number of births in the year divided by the female population ages 15-44) has decreased for a second year in a row to 54.4 births per 1,000 women aged 15-44 in 2023, which is a decline of 3% from 2022 (Hamilton et al., 2024). Although the fertility rate has declined in the United States, it remains important to explore the marital status of mothers who are giving birth as the share of births to unmarried women accounted for nearly one-third (31%) of all births in 2020 (Brown, 2022). Demographers have tracked the decoupling of marriage and childbearing in the United States (Hayford, Guzzo, & Smock, 2014) and although we identify this trend using the 2022 American Community Survey (ACS) for women aged 15-50, we also note an increase in the share of births to married compared to unmarried mothers across a 10-year period (2012-2022). In addition to presenting the 10- year trend in births by women’s marital status in the last year, we also present demographic characteristics (educational attainment, race/ethnicity, and age) of currently married and unmarried women aged 15-50 who had a birth in the last 12 months.