bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LA OTRA CARA. Políticas públicas, inclusión laboral y jóvenes urbanos de sectores populares en un movimiento social
Authors: Otero Analia Elizabeth
Published: October 2016

El propósito del artículo es reflexionar sobre las políticas públicas implementadas desde el gobierno nacional hacia los movimientos sociales en el contexto argentino actual. El interés es debatir la influencia de los programas sociales –en particular el Programa de Ingreso Social con Trabajo (en adelante PAT)– en la situación de los jóvenes de sectores urbanos populares. Lo haremos a partir de abordar la compleja relación entre los emprendimientos cooperativos, las políticas de subsidio y las estrategias de los jóvenes participantes en una experiencia territorial. La base empírica resulta de una investigación cualitativa con militantes de un movimiento de trabajadores desocupados. Los hallazgos dan cuenta de múltiples tensiones; mientras que su adscripción a la acción colectiva promueve la autogestión y mediatiza el acceso a planes sociales, como componentes de la fuerza de trabajo en período activo y de formación, los trabajadores desocupados siguen ubicados en posiciones marginales respecto al mercado de empleo. The purpose of this article is to reflect on the public policies implemented from the national government to the social movements in Argentina’s current context. The interest is to discuss the influence of social programs, including Social Program Income through Work (hereafter pat) in the situation of young people from urban areas. We will address it from the complex relationship established among cooperative ventures, social policies and strategies of the young participants in a territorial experience. The empirical basis is a qualitative research with a militant movement of unemployed workers. The findings realize multiple stresses; while its allegiance to collective action promotes self–management and mediates access to social programs as components of the active labor force and training period, which are located in marginal positions on the labor market.
Debilidades dentro de los procesos de mundialización textil y relación con la rse a través de un analisis delphi: ética o estética
Authors: Luque González Arturo , Hernández Zubizarreta Juan , De Pablos Heredero Carmen
Published: October 2016

The objective of this research is to identify the main weaknesses of corporate social responsibility in the textile sector and to propose procedures that help to overcome them. We start from the assumption that the asymmetries and necessary relationships generated to manufacture textile garments in the international context are not attributable to a single circumstance. Equally, it is reasonable to assume that the solutions to these asymmetries are affected by the identification and transversality of such circumstances. The present research was carried out by gathering the opinions and solutions of participants in a Delphi analysis to uncover the critical points and vulnerabilities of the sector. The weaknesses of the sector were then identified following the analysis of responses from two expert panels to two multidisciplinary questionnaires, the questions for which were developed from the stated hypotheses.El objetivo de esta investigación es detectar las principales debilidades del sector textil en relación con la responsabilidad social empresarial y proponer medidas que contribuyan a superarlas. Partimos de que las asimetrías y relaciones generadas necesarias para fabricar prendas textiles en el contexto internacional no son imputables a una sola circunstancia. Es igualmente entendible que sus soluciones pasen por la identificación y la transversalidad de dichas circunstancias. En la presente investigación, lo llevamos a cabo mediante la de la recolección de opiniones y soluciones expresadas por diferentes participantes, y a través de un análisis Delphi, para conocer cuáles son los puntos críticos y vulnerabilidades del sector, y la posterior identificación de sus debilidades tras el análisis de las respuestas de dos paneles de expertos a dos cuestionarios multidisciplinares con preguntas desarrolladas sobre las hipótesis planteadas.
[The psychological-psychiatric work: between professional and personal practices]
Authors: Infrasca Roberto , Tonelli Claudia
Published: October 2016

Il lavoro psicologico-psichiatrico: tra prassi professionale e prassi personale[Article in Italian]
Anatomofisiologia e fisiopatologia da micção de cães e o uso da cistometria como ferramenta diagnóstica e prognóstica: revisão da literatura
Authors: De Sousa Lopes da Silva Thais Gabrielle , Villanova Junior José Ademar
Published: October 2016

A micção é o mecanismo que permite a eliminação coordenada da urina, em resposta a uma distensão gradual da bexiga urinária. Todo o sistema nervoso está envolvido neste mecanismo, tanto do ponto de vista puramenteanatômico: periférico e central, como funcional por meio dos sistemas somático, simpático e parassimpático. O músculo detrusor contém receptores adrenérgicos e colinérgicos (muscarínicos), importantes no enchimento e na contração da bexiga, respectivamente. Os principais receptores para a inervação autônoma eferente do corpo da bexiga são: a) receptores beta-adrenérgicos, responsáveis pela indução do relaxamento do músculo detrusor,permitindo o enchimento da bexiga, e b) receptores colinérgicos (muscarínicos), responsáveis pela sensibilidade vesical e contração do músculo e consequente esvaziamento da bexiga. Em termos práticos, o colo da bexiga pode ser considerado a porção proximal da uretra. O músculo liso da uretra é inervado principalmente pelo nervo hipogástricoe, com frequência, é considerado como um esfíncter interno, embora não seja um esfíncter verdadeiro. O esfíncterexterno da uretra é composto de músculos estriados que circundam a uretra distal. O esfíncter externo da uretra é inervado pelo nervo pudendo, que é um nervo motor somático. Os principais receptores para a inervação eferente da uretra são: a) receptores alfa-adrenérgicos - receptores simpáticos responsáveis pela contração do músculo liso do colo da bexiga e da uretra. Essa contração muscular se contrapõe ao fluxo urinário pela uretra e, desse modo, facilita o enchimento da bexiga, e b) receptores colinérgicos nicotínicos - receptores motores somáticos responsáveis pela contração do esfíncter, facilitando o enchimento da bexiga. A cistometria que é, em última análise, o exame neurológico da bexiga, pode ser útil para o diagnóstico de afecções sediadas em todo o neuroeixo, desde o córtex cerebral até as raízes da cauda equina, complementando assim, o exame neurológico; em certas circunstâncias, na vigência de um exame neurológico normal, o exame cistométrico poderá fornecer, por si só, elementos para o diagnóstico. Esta revisão de literatura visa justificar a necessidade de incluir a cistometria no exame neurológico, não apenas comos imples complemento, mas como elemento semiótico de real valor e, mesmo, indispensável em determinados casos.
Necropsia virtual em animais
Authors: Massad Ribas Laila , Brandão de Campos Fonseca Pinto Ana Carolina , Rodrigues Massad Mara Rita , Sousa Rocha Noeme
Published: October 2016

Necropsias minimamante invasivas, também conhecidas por necropsias virtuais, realizadas por meio de modernosmodelos de equipamentos radiológicos estão sendo cada vez mais utilizadas para complementar, e até mesmosubstituir, a necropsia em diversas situações. A Patologia Forense é uma área da Medicina que vem se beneficiandocom o aumento desses estudos realizados em cadáveres. A Medicina Veterinária, entretanto, ainda faz pouco uso daRadiologia no estudo post-mortem, restringindo-se à experimentação animal ou a alguns relatos de caso. O uso detal tecnologia poderá fornecer à comunidade veterinária importantes informações sobre causa da morte e doençasde base e contributivas, tanto em doenças naturais, com em casos de trauma. Para isso, é fundamental não somentea implementação dos equipamentos de imagem em instituições de ensino, mas também treinamento técnico deprofissionais envolvidos nessa nova união da Radiologia com a Patologia. Esta revisão objetiva apresentar o temanecropsia virtual, suas possibilidades, perspectivas futuras e contribuições para a área médico veterinária.
Probiótico dietético em um modelo de infecção experimental de enterite necrótica em frangos de corte
Authors: Muller Fernandes Jovanir Inês , Tellini Caio , Contini Jean Paulo , Kosmann Raquel Cristina , De Lima Edna Tereza , Kazue Otutumi Luciana , Rodrigues Dourado Maira
Published: October 2016

O controle da enterite necrótica é difícil devido ao número de fatores predisponentes envolvidos. O uso de estratégiasde regeneração da mucosa intestinal pós infecção, como probióticos, podem fortalecer o sistema imune por meioda melhora das condições da microbiota intestinal e do aumento dos mecanismos de defesa das aves. O objetivo doexperimento foi avaliar o efeito do probiótico em um modelo de infecção experimental de enterite necrótica sobreo desempenho, rendimento de carcaça, morfometria intestinal e a resposta imunológica de frangos de corte. Foramutilizados 200 pintainhos, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos, sendoT1 – ração basal (controle); T2 – ração basal suplementada com o probiótico; T3 – ração basal suplementada com oprobiótico e infecção experimental; T4 – ração basal e infecção experimental, e cinco repetições de 10 aves cada. Oprotocolo de infecção consistiu na aplicação de dexametasona (colírio 2mg/mL), duas vezes ao dia (16º, 17º e 18ºdias de idade), com o objetivo de causar imunossupressão; e a inoculação de Clostridium spp. no 19º e 20º de idade.No 25º dia e no 42º, duas aves de cada repetição foram eutanasiadas e a mucosa do intestino e o soro sanguíneoforam coletados para mensuração de IgA. A suplementação de probiótico não resultou em diferença significativanos parâmetros avaliados. Nas condições em que o experimento foi realizado, conclui-se que a suplementação deprobiótico não melhora os parâmetros avaliados.
Strategic group and financial performance in the brazilian construction sector: an empirical relationship
Authors: Pedroso Elizabete De Lurdes , Camargo de Alcântara Suellen , Ascher David , Benner Luiz Carlos , Pereira Munhoz Junior Joel , Da Silva Eduardo Damião
Published: October 2016

The history of the construction industry in Brazil has passed through periods of ups and downs until 2003. It is today the main player in the Brazilian economy contributing to the production chain with 8.3% in the formation of the total GDP. This paper aimed to evaluate if there is significant evidence of differences between strategic groups of Brazilian construction companies in their financial performance. Therefore, it used the theoretical support of Porter (1986) take into consideration that these strategic groups are composed of companies in the industry sector, and they are following the same or similar strategy over the strategic dimensions. The data gathering occurs in the database of Economática Software Investments S.A., totaling 62 companies. Nevertheless, only 26 companies were part of the non-probability sampling by accessibility due to the availability of all data necessary for analysis. The variables are related to the size, return on assets (ROA) and debt level. Data analysis techniques ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis (KW) was used to evaluate the hypothesis formulated. The results of hypothesis testing showed the rejection of the null hypothesis due to of no statistically significant differences, considering a 10% significance level.
Climate and land use changes as origin of the Water Cycle variations and sediment transport in Pesaro Urbino Province, Central and Eastern Italy
Authors: Farina Daniele , Cavitolo Paolo
Published: October 2016

The study shows a significant net precipitation and surficial runoff decrease in the Province of Pesaro-Urbino during the 1950-2010 period, especially affecting mountain areas and the water-surplus winter season. Runoff variation is also related to a significant land use change, due to a progressive natural reafforestation process that has taken place in the mountain area. Candigliano river’s base-flow, fed by carbonate aquifers’ groundwater discharge, was found more stable over time, due to an aquifers’ capacity largely exceeding that of existing surface reservoirs. The latter have been affected by a significant silting process, which is still active, as suggested by specific erosion rates of watersheds, particularly in the Foglia basin. Important implications both on sediment mobility, surface water-supply reliability, minimum flow constraints and effectiveness of volume-recovery projects of reservoirs were preliminarly evaluated. In the perspective of a necessary adaptation process to the climate change, the study suggests a gradual transition from the present prevailing use of surface water, to an integrated management of the carbonate aquifers’ dynamic resources, on a seasonal base, as a sustainable strategy for the next future.
The role of numerical models in environmental decision-making
Authors: Lotti Francesca , Doherty John
Published: October 2016

Not available.
Transcriptome response to elevated atmospheric CO2concentration in the Formosan subterranean termite,Coptotermes formosanusShiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)
Authors: Wu Wenjing , Li Zhiqiang , Zhang Shijun , Ke Yunling , Hou Yahui
Published: October 2016

Background

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a pervasive chemical stimulus that plays a critical role in insect life, eliciting behavioral and physiological responses across different species. High CO2concentration is a major feature of termite nests, which may be used as a cue for locating their nests. Termites also survive under an elevated CO2concentration. However, the mechanism by which elevated CO2concentration influences gene expression in termites is poorly understood.

Methods

To gain a better understanding of the molecular basis involved in the adaptation to CO2concentration, a transcriptome ofCoptotermes formosanusShiraki was constructed to assemble the reference genes, followed by comparative transcriptomic analyses across different CO2concentration (0.04%, 0.4%, 4% and 40%) treatments.

Results

(1) Based on a high throughput sequencing platform, we obtained approximately 20 GB of clean data and revealed 189,421 unigenes, with a mean length and an N50 length of 629 bp and 974 bp, respectively. (2) The transcriptomic response ofC. formosanusto elevated CO2levels presented discontinuous changes. Comparative analysis of the transcriptomes revealed 2,936 genes regulated among 0.04%, 0.4%, 4% and 40% CO2concentration treatments, 909 genes derived from termites and 2,027 from gut symbionts. Genes derived from termites appears selectively activated under 4% CO2level. In 40% CO2level, most of the down-regulated genes were derived from symbionts. (3) Through similarity searches to data from other species, a number of protein sequences putatively involved in chemosensory reception were identified and characterized inC. formosanus, including odorant receptors, gustatory receptors, ionotropic receptors, odorant binding proteins, and chemosensory proteins.

Discussion

We found that most genes associated with carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, and genetic information processing were regulated under different CO2concentrations. Results suggested that termites adapt to ∼4% CO2level and their gut symbionts may be killed under high CO2level. We anticipate that our findings provide insights into the transcriptome dynamics of CO2responses in termites and form the basis to gain a better understanding of regulatory networks.
Resíduos de glyphosate e aminometilfosfônico (ampa) em soja geneticamente modificada
Authors: Lacerda André Luiz De Souza , Brancalião Sandro Roberto , Rodrigues Nádia Regina
Published: October 2016

Aplicações indiscriminadas e sucessivas podem ocasionar casos de intoxicação nos seres humanos por ingestão indireta de glyphosate devido ao fato dos grãos de soja transgênica apresentarem níveis de resíduos desse herbicida acima do permitido. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os níveis de resíduos de glyphosate e ácido aminometilfosfônico (AMPA) nos grãos de soja geneticamente modificada tolerante ao glyphosate. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados com 8 tratamentos e 4 repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por glyphosate, aplicados uma única vez e isoladamente nas dosagens de 720 e 960 g.i.a ha-1, glyphosate a 720 e 960 g.i.a ha-1 em mistura, respectivamente, com chlorimuron-ethil a 10 g.i.a ha-1, aplicações sequênciais de glyphosate nas dosagens de 720/720; 960/720; 960/720/720 g.i.a ha-1 e testemunha capinada durante todo o ciclo da cultura. As amostras foram analisadas por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE). As características avaliadas foram os níveis de resíduos (mg kg-1) de glyphosate e do seu metabólito AMPA. O nível máximo de resíduo de glyphosate encontrado nos grãos de soja foi de 0,92 mg kg-1, estando abaixo do permitido que é de 10,00 mg kg-1. Também foram encontrados resíduos de AMPA, máximo de 1,53 mg kg-1, indicando que houve metabolização do glyphosate.
A multi-scale analysis of drug transport and response for a multi-phase tumour model
Authors: COLLIS J. , HUBBARD M. E. , O'DEA R. D.
Published: October 2016

In this article, we consider the spatial homogenisation of a multi-phase model for avascular tumour growth and response to chemotherapeutic treatment. The key contribution of this work is the derivation of a system of homogenised partial differential equations describing macroscopic tumour growth, coupled to transport of drug and nutrient, that explicitly incorporates details of the structure and dynamics of the tumour at the microscale. In order to derive these equations, we employ an asymptotic homogenisation of a microscopic description under the assumption of strong interphase drag, periodic microstructure, and strong separation of scales. The resulting macroscale model comprises a Darcy flow coupled to a system of reaction–advection partial differential equations. The coupled growth, response, and transport dynamics on the tissue scale are investigated via numerical experiments for simple academic test cases of microstructural information and tissue geometry, in which we observe drug- and nutrient-regulated growth and response consistent with the anticipated dynamics of the macroscale system.
Diagnostik und Therapie des Gallensteinleidens
Authors: Aepli Patrick
Published: October 2016

Zusammenfassung. Gallensteine finden sich bei 10–20 % unserer Bevölkerung, und jährlich werden in der Schweiz gegen 15 000 Cholezystektomien durchgeführt. Grundsätzlich muss zwischen der Cholezystolithiasis (Gallenblasensteine) und der Choledocholithiasis (Gallengangsteine) unterschieden werden. Während der überwiegende Teil der Patienten mit (inzidentellen) Gallenblasensteinen lebenslang keine Beschwerden erleidet, können Gallengangsteine schwerwiegende Komplikationen (z.B. Cholangitis, Pankreatitis) verursachen. Laborchemisch erhöhte Transaminasen und Cholestaseparameter sind bei einer Cholezystolithiasis selten und müssen (bei passender, biliärer Klinik) an eine Choledocholithiasis denken lassen. Bildgebend kommt im Falle von biliären Symptomen primär eine abdominale Sonografie, bei Verdacht auf eine Choledocholithiasis allenfalls zusätzlich eine MRC (Magnetresonanzcholangiografie) oder EUS (Endosonografie) zum Einsatz. Therapie der Wahl bei symptomatischer Cholezystolithiasis sowie nach biliären Komplikationen ist die laparoskopische Cholezystektomie, während Gallengangsteine meist anlässlich einer ERC (endoskopisch retrograde Cholangiografie) mit Papillotomie entfernt werden können.
A Meta-Analytic Investigation of the Relationship Between Scale-Item	Length, Label Format, and Reliability
Authors: Hamby Tyler , Peterson Robert A.
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Using two meta-analytic datasets, we investigated the effect that two scale-item characteristics – number of item response categories and item response-category label format – have on the reliability of multi-item rating scales. The first dataset contained 289 reliability coefficients harvested from 100 samples that measured Big Five traits. The second dataset contained 2,524 reliability coefficients harvested from 381 samples that measured a wide variety of constructs in psychology, marketing, management, and education. We performed moderator analyses on the two datasets with the two item characteristics and their interaction. As expected, as the number of item response categories increased, so did reliability, but more importantly, there was a significant interaction between the number of item response categories and item response-category label format. Increasing the number of response categories increased reliabilities for scale-items with all response categories labeled more so than for other item response-category label formats. We explain that the interaction may be due to both statistical and psychological factors. The present results help to explain why findings on the relationships between the two scale-item characteristics and reliability have been mixed.
“Everyday I’m Çapuling”
Authors: Odağ Özen , Melis Uluğ Özden , Solak Nevin
Published: October 2016

Abstract. This contribution examines the 2013 Gezi Park protests in Turkey by drawing on the social identity model of collective action (SIMCA) and the slacktivism versus facilitation debate in the literature on digitally enabled collective action. Contrary to the slacktivism hypothesis that claims online collective action to lack an apparent impact on the real world, the current study indicates a facilitating role of online collective action in the Gezi Park protests. By means of a large-scale online survey (N = 1,127) and a subsequent latent path analysis, the study demonstrates that the endurance of the movement was kept alive by both offline and online collective actions. The relationship between offline/online action and protest motivations was mediated by three predictors of collective action derived from the SIMCA: perceived injustice, social identity, and perceived efficacy. Results show that protestors in Turkey, independent of whether they became active in the digital or the real world, were likely to protest again to the extent that they perceived developments in Turkey as unjust, identified strongly with the Çapulcus [Turkish for looters] as a social group, and perceived this group to be efficient in changing social injustice in the country.
Singing Promotes Cooperation in a Diverse Group of	Children
Authors: Good Arla , Russo Frank A.
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Previous research involving preschool children and adults suggests that moving in synchrony with others can foster cooperation. Song provides a rich oscillatory framework that supports synchronous movement and may thus be considered a powerful agent of positive social relations. In the current study, we assessed this hypothesis in a group of primary-school aged children with diverse ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds. Children participated in one of three activity conditions: group singing, group art, or competitive games. They were then asked to play a prisoner’s dilemma game as a measure of cooperation. Results showed that children who engaged in group singing were more cooperative than children who engaged in group art or competitive games.
Rejection Via Video
Authors: Graupmann Verena , Pfundmair Michaela , Matsoukas Peter , Erber Ralph
Published: October 2016

Abstract. This study introduces an easy-to-implement, controlled, vivid, and functional rejection paradigm. Participants empathized with the protagonist of a video who was rejected or accepted individually or as part of a group. In the rejection condition, more perceived exclusion and lower basic need fulfillment were reported. The paradigm also induced nuance in situational factors: Observing somebody being rejected as part of a group led to less pronounced reactions than individual rejection. The video-based rejection paradigm taps into the less studied area of group rejection and offers a new method to test established and novel theoretical predictions.
Prokineticin-2 upregulation during neuronal injury mediates a compensatory protective response against dopaminergic neuronal degeneration
Authors: Gordon Richard , Neal Matthew L. , Luo Jie , Langley Monica R. , Harischandra Dilshan S. , Panicker Nikhil , Charli Adhithiya , Jin Huajun , Anantharam Vellareddy , Woodruff Trent M. , Zhou Qun-Yong , Kanthasamy Anumantha G. , Kanthasamy Arthi
Published: October 2016

Prokineticin-2 (PK2), a recently discovered secreted protein, regulates important physiological functions including olfactory biogenesis and circadian rhythms in the CNS. Interestingly, although PK2 expression is low in the nigral system, its receptors are constitutively expressed on nigrostriatal neurons. Herein, we demonstrate that PK2 expression is highly induced in nigral dopaminergic neurons during early stages of degeneration in multiple models of Parkinson’s disease (PD), including PK2 reporter mice and MitoPark mice. Functional studies demonstrate that PK2 promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and activates ERK and Akt survival signalling pathways, thereby driving neuroprotection. Importantly, PK2 overexpression is protective whereas PK2 receptor antagonism exacerbates dopaminergic degeneration in experimental PD. Furthermore, PK2 expression increased in surviving nigral dopaminergic neurons from PD brains, indicating that PK2 upregulation is clinically relevant to human PD. Collectively, our results identify a paradigm for compensatory neuroprotective PK2 signalling in nigral dopaminergic neurons that could have important therapeutic implications for PD.
Pre-eruptive magmatic processes re-timed using a non-isothermal approach to magma chamber dynamics
Authors: Petrone Chiara Maria , Bugatti Giuseppe , Braschi Eleonora , Tommasini Simone
Published: October 2016

Constraining the timescales of pre-eruptive magmatic processes in active volcanic systems is paramount to understand magma chamber dynamics and the triggers for volcanic eruptions. Temporal information of magmatic processes is locked within the chemical zoning profiles of crystals but can be accessed by means of elemental diffusion chronometry. Mineral compositional zoning testifies to the occurrence of substantial temperature differences within magma chambers, which often bias the estimated timescales in the case of multi-stage zoned minerals. Here we propose a new Non-Isothermal Diffusion Incremental Step model to take into account the non-isothermal nature of pre-eruptive processes, deconstructing the main core-rim diffusion profiles of multi-zoned crystals into different isothermal steps. The Non-Isothermal Diffusion Incremental Step model represents a significant improvement in the reconstruction of crystal lifetime histories. Unravelling stepwise timescales at contrasting temperatures provides a novel approach to constraining pre-eruptive magmatic processes and greatly increases our understanding of magma chamber dynamics.
Polymer Nanodot-Hybridized Alkyl Silicon Oxide Nanostructures for Organic Memory Transistors with Outstanding High-Temperature Operation Stability
Authors: Lee Chulyeon , Seo Jooyeok , Kim Jeongnam , Jeong Jaehoon , Han Hyemi , Kim Hwajeong , Kim Youngkyoo
Published: October 2016

Organic memory devices (OMDs) are becoming more important as a core component in flexible electronics era because of their huge potentials for ultrathin, lightweight and flexible plastic memory modules. In particular, transistor-type OMDs (TOMDs) have been gradually spotlighted due to their structural advantages possessing both memory and driving functions in single devices. Although a variety of TOMDs have been developed by introducing various materials, less attention has been paid to the stable operation at high temperatures. Here we demonstrate that the polymer nanodot-embedded alkyl silicon oxide (ASiO) hybrid materials, which are prepared by sol-gel and thermal cross-linking reactions between poly(4-vinylphenol) (PVP) and vinyltriethoxysilane, can deliver low-voltage (1~5 V) TOMDs with outstanding operation stability (>4700 cycles) at high temperatures (150 °C). The efficient low-voltage memory function is enabled by the embedded PVP nanodots with particular lattice nanostructures, while the high thermal stability is achieved by the cross-linked ASiO network structures.
Unambiguous observation of blocked states reveals altered, blocker-induced, cardiac ryanodine receptor gating
Authors: Mukherjee Saptarshi , Thomas N. Lowri , Williams Alan J.
Published: October 2016

The flow of ions through membrane channels is precisely regulated by gates. The architecture and function of these elements have been studied extensively, shedding light on the mechanisms underlying gating. Recent investigations have focused on ion occupancy of the channel’s selectivity filter and its ability to alter gating, with most studies involving prokaryotic K+ channels. Some studies used large quaternary ammonium blocker molecules to examine the effects of altered ionic flux on gating. However, the absence of blocking events that are visibly distinct from closing events in K+ channels makes unambiguous interpretation of data from single channel recordings difficult. In this study, the large K+ conductance of the RyR2 channel permits direct observation of blocking events as distinct subconductance states and for the first time demonstrates the differential effects of blocker molecules on channel gating. This experimental platform provides valuable insights into mechanisms of blocker-induced modulation of ion channel gating.
Dual targeting of ANGPT1 and TGFBR2 genes by miR-204 controls angiogenesis in breast cancer
Authors: Flores-Pérez Ali , Marchat Laurence A. , Rodríguez-Cuevas Sergio , Bautista-Piña Verónica , Hidalgo-Miranda Alfredo , Ocampo Elena Aréchaga , Martínez Mónica Sierra , Palma-Flores Carlos , Fonseca-Sánchez Miguel A. , Astudillo-de la Vega Horacio , Ruíz-García Erika , González-Barrios Juan Antonio , Pérez-Plasencia Carlos , Streber María L. , López-Camarillo César
Published: October 2016

Deregulated expression of microRNAs has been associated with angiogenesis. Studying the miRNome of locally advanced breast tumors we unsuspectedly found a dramatically repression of miR-204, a small non-coding RNA with no previous involvement in tumor angiogenesis. Downregulation of miR-204 was confirmed in an independent cohort of patients and breast cancer cell lines. Gain-of-function analysis indicates that ectopic expression of miR-204 impairs cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, migration, invasion, and the formation of 3D capillary networks in vitro. Likewise, in vivo vascularization and angiogenesis were suppressed by miR-204 in a nu/nu mice model. Genome-wide profiling of MDA-MB-231 cells expressing miR-204 revealed changes in the expression of hundred cancer-related genes. Of these, we focused on the study of pro-angiogenic ANGPT1 and TGFβR2. Functional analysis using luciferase reporter and rescue assays confirmed that ANGPT1 and TGFβR2 are novel effectors downstream of miR-204. Accordingly, an inverse correlation between miR-204 and ANGPT1/TGFβR2 expression was found in breast tumors. Knockdown of TGFβR2, but not ANGPT1, impairs cell proliferation and migration whereas inhibition of both genes inhibits angiogenesis. Taken altogether, our findings reveal a novel role for miR-204/ANGPT1/TGFβR2 axis in tumor angiogenesis. We propose that therapeutic manipulation of miR-204 levels may represent a promising approach in breast cancer.
Measuring populations to improve vaccination coverage
Authors: Bharti Nita , Djibo Ali , Tatem Andrew J. , Grenfell Bryan T. , Ferrari Matthew J.
Published: October 2016

In low-income settings, vaccination campaigns supplement routine immunization but often fail to achieve coverage goals due to uncertainty about target population size and distribution. Accurate, updated estimates of target populations are rare but critical; short-term fluctuations can greatly impact population size and susceptibility. We use satellite imagery to quantify population fluctuations and the coverage achieved by a measles outbreak response vaccination campaign in urban Niger and compare campaign estimates to measurements from a post-campaign survey. Vaccine coverage was overestimated because the campaign underestimated resident numbers and seasonal migration further increased the target population. We combine satellite-derived measurements of fluctuations in population distribution with high-resolution measles case reports to develop a dynamic model that illustrates the potential improvement in vaccination campaign coverage if planners account for predictable population fluctuations. Satellite imagery can improve retrospective estimates of vaccination campaign impact and future campaign planning by synchronizing interventions with predictable population fluxes.
Association of interleukin 16 gene polymorphisms and plasma IL16 level with osteosarcoma risk
Authors: Tang Yu-Jin , Wang Jun-Li , Xie Ke-Gong , Lan Chang-Gong
Published: October 2016

Interleukin (IL) 16 plays a key role in inflammatory diseases as well as in tumorigenesis of osteosarcoma (OS). The aim of this study was to investigate the association of IL16 polymorphisms and plasma IL16 level with OS risk in a Chinese population. We genotyped IL16 rs4778889, rs11556218, and rs4072111 in 358 patients with OS and 402 controls using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Plasma IL16 level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Rs11556218 was associated with an increased risk of OS in heterozygote comparison (adjusted OR = 1.65, 95% CI, 1.23–2.21, P < 0.001), dominant model (adjusted OR = 1.66, 95% CI, 1.24–2.21, P < 0.001), and allele comparison (adjusted OR = 1.44, 95% CI, 1.14–1.81, P = 0.002). Moreover, rs11556218 TG/GG genotypes were associated with higher levels of IL16 as compared to TT genotype (P = 0.03). However, no significant association of rs4778889 and rs4072111 and OS was found. These findings suggest that rs11556218 TG/GG genotypes may be associated with increased susceptibility to OS, probably by increasing the production of IL16 level.
A comprehensive insight into functional profiles of free-living microbial community responses to a toxic Akashiwo sanguinea bloom
Authors: Yang Caiyun , Li Yi , Zhou Yanyan , Lei Xueqian , Zheng Wei , Tian Yun , Van Nostrand Joy D. , He Zhili , Wu Liyou , Zhou Jizhong , Zheng Tianling
Published: October 2016

Phytoplankton blooms are a worldwide problem and can greatly affect ecological processes in aquatic systems, but its impacts on the functional potential of microbial communities are limited. In this study, a high-throughput microarray-based technology (GeoChip) was used to profile the functional potential of free-living microbes from the Xiamen Sea Area in response to a 2011 Akashiwo sanguinea bloom. The bloom altered the overall community functional structure. Genes that were significantly (p < 0.05) increased during the bloom included carbon degradation genes and genes involved in nitrogen (N) and/or phosphorus (P) limitation stress. Such significantly changed genes were well explained by chosen environmental factors (COD, nitrite-N, nitrate-N, dissolved inorganic phosphorus, chlorophyll-a and algal density). Overall results suggested that this bloom might enhance the microbial converting of nitrate to N2 and ammonia nitrogen, decrease P removal from seawater, activate the glyoxylate cycle, and reduce infection activity of bacteriophage. This study presents new information on the relationship of algae to other microbes in aquatic systems, and provides new insights into our understanding of ecological impacts of phytoplankton blooms.
l-Ornithine affects peripheral clock gene expression in mice
Authors: Fukuda Takafumi , Haraguchi Atsushi , Kuwahara Mari , Nakamura Kaai , Hamaguchi Yutaro , Ikeda Yuko , Ishida Yuko , Wang Guanying , Shirakawa Chise , Tanihata Yoko , Ohara Kazuaki , Shibata Shigenobu
Published: October 2016

The peripheral circadian clock is entrained by factors in the external environment such as scheduled feeding, exercise, and mental and physical stresses. In addition, recent studies in mice demonstrated that some food components have the potential to control the peripheral circadian clock during scheduled feeding, although information about these components remains limited. l-Ornithine is a type of non-protein amino acid that is present in foods and has been reported to have various physiological functions. In human trials, for example, l-ornithine intake improved a subjective index of sleep quality. Here we demonstrate, using an in vivo monitoring system, that repeated oral administration of l-ornithine at an early inactive period in mice induced a phase advance in the rhythm of PER2 expression. By contrast, l-ornithine administration to mouse embryonic fibroblasts did not affect the expression of PER2, indicating that l-ornithine indirectly alters the phase of PER2. l-Ornithine also increased plasma levels of insulin, glucose and glucagon-like peptide-1 alongside mPer2 expression, suggesting that it exerts its effects probably via insulin secretion. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that l-ornithine affects peripheral clock gene expression and may expand the possibilities of L-ornithine as a health food.
Maximizing the health effects of strawberry anthocyanins: understanding the influence of the consumption timing variable
Authors: Huang Yancui , Park Eunyoung , Edirisinghe Indika , Burton-Freeman Britt M.
Published: October 2016

Strawberries, rich in anthocyanins, attenuate meal-induced postprandial increases in inflammation and oxidative stress and improved post-meal insulin responses.
Advances in venomics
Authors: Oldrati Vera , Arrell Miriam , Violette Aude , Perret Frédéric , Sprüngli Xavier , Wolfender Jean-Luc , Stöcklin Reto
Published: October 2016

The term “venomics” was coined to describe the global study of venom and venom glands, targeting comprehensive characterization of the whole toxin profile of a venomous animal by means of proteomics, transcriptomics, genomics and bioinformatics studies.
Improved antiviral activity of a polyamide against high-risk human papillomavirus via N-terminal guanidinium substitution
Authors: Castaneda C. H. , Scuderi M. J. , Edwards T. G. , Harris Jr. G. D. , Dupureur C. M. , Koeller K. J. , Fisher C. , Bashkin J. K.
Published: October 2016

We report the synthesis of two novel pyrrole–imidazole polyamides with N-terminal guanidinium or tetramethylguanidinium groups and evaluate their antiviral activity against three cancer-causing HPV strains.
Aeolian input of phosphorus to a remote lake induced increase of primary production at the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhang Hong , Lei Pei , Shan Baoqing , Tang Wenzhong , Ao Liang
Published: October 2016

A complete record derived from a core dated by both210Pb and137Cs chronologies from Lake Ngoring at the key headwater areas of the Yellow River provides new insight into the increase of primary production induced by aeolian input of phosphorus.
Vortex-homogenized matrix solid-phase dispersion coupled with gas chromatography – electron-capture negative-ion mass spectrometry to determine halogenated phenolic compounds in seafood
Authors: Chen Jhih-Ming , Yang Chun-Chuan , Chung Wu-Hsun , Ding Wang-Hsien
Published: October 2016

This work represents the development of vortex-homogenized matrix solid-phase dispersion (VH-MSPD) as an effective and simple method to rapidly extract halogenated phenolic compounds in marketed seafood samples.
Natural hydroxyapatite supported cobalt tetrasulfophthalocyanine: a green, renewable and biomaterial-based heterogeneous catalyst for selective aerobic oxidation of alkyl arenes and alcohols
Authors: Shaabani Ahmad , Afaridoun Hadi , Shaabani Shabnam , Keramati Nejad Mina
Published: October 2016

Natural hydroxyapatite supported cobalt tetrasulfophthalocyanine (CoTSPc-NHAp) as a green, renewable and biomaterial-based heterogeneous catalyst promotes aerobic oxidation of alkyl arenes and alcohols.
Study on the influence of oxidative stress on the fibrillization of fibrinogen
Authors: Wang Lei , Li Lianzhi , Wang Huaisheng , Liu Jifeng
Published: October 2016

Human fibrinogen is an important coagulation factor as well as an independent predictor of coronary heart disease and stroke. Analysis of dysfibrinogens may provide useful information and help us to understand the molecular defects in fibrin polymerization. In the present study, we investigated the influence of oxidative stress of fibrinogen induced by H2O2 on the polymerization state of fibrin. UV absorbance spectroscopy, circular dichroism, ζ-potential, dynamic light scattering and steady shear viscosity were all employed to study the influence of oxidative stress on the molecular structure, the surface charges, and the size and shape of fibrinogen molecules. The fibrin morphology obtained was imaged and investigated using atomic force microscopy. The results demonstrated that the cross-linking, branching and height distribution of formed fibrin will be influenced by the oxidative stress of fibrinogen. This study presents new insights into the aggregation behaviour of fibrinogen and will be helpful to understand the formation mechanism of thrombosis under oxidative stress.
Exact bit error rate expressions for interference‐limited Poisson networks
Authors: Schmidt J.F. , Schilcher U. , Bettstetter C.
Published: October 2016

Closed‐form expressions for the bit error rate (BER) in an interference‐limited wireless network are derived. Users are distributed according to a Poisson point process and communicate over a Nakagami fading channel using the widely employed Gray‐coded quadrature amplitude modulation. The way how interference influences the BER provides insight into the interference control mechanism to be implemented and helps to analyse the achievable data rates.
Ultra‐low power pass‐transistor‐logic‐based delay line design for sub‐threshold applications
Authors: Tadros R.N. , Dasari N. , Beerel P.A.
Published: October 2016

Designs that operate at sub‐threshold voltages are a promising response to the ultra‐low power demands of many modern applications with relaxed performance requirements. Towards this approach, a pass‐transistor‐logic‐based programmable delay line (DL) circuit is presented that is designed specifically for sub‐threshold operation. Compared with the commonly used design, the DL consumes 79.2% less dynamic energy, 83.5% less leakage power, 47.2% better linearity across codewords, 58.6% smaller active area, and with similar resiliency to variations across Monte Carlo simulations.
Secured zone‐3 protection during power swing and voltage instability: an online approach
Authors: Das Sayari , Dubey Rahul , Panigrahi Bijay Ketan , Samantaray Subhransu Ranjan
Published: October 2016

Maloperation of distance relay under stressed conditions like power swing and voltage instability has been reason of various power system blackouts. Thus, it has become very important to make the decision making of the distance relay to be intelligent enough so that it is capable of differentiating between fault and other stressed conditions. There is no shortage of computational intelligent techniques suggested in the literature for this purpose. However, with the growing complexity of the power systems, there have been cases when various system parameters, system topology and so on suddenly change. This study suggests an online intelligent technique: online sequential extreme learning machine that gives accurate result on such circumstances owing to its features of being an online tool. The suggested technique based on wide area measurements consists of two levels of classifiers that segregate stressed conditions like power swing and voltage instability from fault. Performance of the online intelligent technique has been compared with other intelligent techniques defined in the literature. Moreover, by using synchronised phasor measurements, shortcomings of the conventional relay technology have been overcome.
Production of O2 through dismutation of H2O2 during water ice desorption: a key to understanding comet O2 abundances
Authors: Dulieu F. , Minissale M. , Bockelée-Morvan D.
Published: October 2016

Context. Detection of molecular oxygen and prediction of its abundance have long been a challenge for astronomers. The low abundances observed in few interstellar sources are well above the predictions of current astrochemical models. During the Rosetta mission, an unexpectedly high abundance of O2 was discovered in the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko’s coma. A strong correlation between O2 and H2O productions is observed, whereas no such correlation is observed between O2 and either of CO or N2.

Aims. We suggest that the O2 molecule may be formed during the evaporation of water ice. We propose a possible reaction: the dismutation of H2O2 (2 H2O2−→ 2 H2O + O2), a molecule which should be co-produced during the water ice mantle growth on dust grains. We aim to test this hypothesis under realistic experimental conditions.

Methods. We performed two sets of experiments. They consist of producing a mixture of D2O and D2O2 via the reaction of O2 and D on a surface held at 10 K. The first set is made on a silicate substrate, and explores the limit of thin films, in order to prevent any complication due to trapping during the desorption. The second set is performed on a pre-deposited H2O ice substrate and mimics the desorption of mixed ice.

Results. In thin films, O2 is produced by the dismutation of H2O2, even at temperatures as low as 155 K. Mixed with water, H2O2 desorbs after the water ice sublimation and even more desorption of O2 is observed.

Conclusions. H2O2, synthesised during the growth of interstellar ices (or by later processing), desorbs at the latest stage of the water sublimation and undergoes the dismutation reaction. Therefore an O2 release in the gas phase should occur at the end of the evaporation of ice mantles. Temperature gradients along the geometry of clouds, or interior of comets, should blend the different stages of the sublimation. Averaged along the whole process, a mean value of the O2/H2O ratio of a few percent in the gas phase seems plausible.