bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An alternative technique to reduce time, cost and human effort during natural or manufactured disasters
Authors: Al-Janabi Samaher , Alkaim Ayad , Rahem Ahmed
Published: February 2022

The  world  suffers  from  a  very  large  number  of  missing  persons,  ranging  from about 250,000 to about one million people for various reasons in recent  years. Therefore, the process of finding and tracing the missing persons as a  result of a plane crash, fire  or explosion in a particular area is a humanitarian  and  religious  and  national  duty,  and  is  one  of  the  most  important  issues  in  our  country.  So,  the  idea  of  using  a  drone  to  find  missing  people  was  invested. We have designed system that collects real - time  data and analyzes  in a smart way and utilizes global  positioning  system (GPS) to locate people  and  track  their  impact.  The  idea  of  this  work  has  been  developed  and  implemented.  They  represent  it  in  the  form  of  a  triangular  problem,  which  included: First, h ow to locate the missing persons and send video broadcasts  to a calculator or mobile device remotely. Analyze the data collected in real  time,  and  send  a  report  identifying  the  safe  path  that  can  be  taken  to  reach  the  missing  persons.  The  second  stage  is  c ollection  the  data  in  the  master  computer and analysis it, while the final stage determines the coordinates of  the  location  to  the  missing  persons  and  the  best  possible  way  to  reach  of  them.
An effective approach to enhance the balancing control in bycycorobot using the soft computing techniques
Authors: Sharma Aswant Kumar , Sambariya Dhanesh Kumar
Published: February 2022

The balancing and control of bycycorobot is a challenging task. The pre - specified controller available in the literature for balancing has been reduced with novel optimization to improve the effectiveness of balancing, uncertainty, and the complexity of the complete system. The novel Harris hawk optimization (HHO) which is based on the hunting behavior of the h awk has been utilized to improve the balancing of the bycycorobot. The paper proposes the decreased order controller of a pre - specified controller for a bycycorobot. The obtained controller response with bycycorobot in the complete closed loop is analyzed, and the best performance is compared with the reduced order controller available in the literature. The comparison is based on the response indices and response characteristics.
The surface electromyography noise filtering and unwanted recordings attenuation for lower limb robotic system
Authors: Deboucha Abdelhakim
Published: February 2022

Exoskeleton robotic device (ERD) for rehabilitation purposes, physically interacts alongside with the user where high cognitive interaction and the safe human - machine system is required. To ensure safe interaction, there is a need to detect the user’s motion intention. One of the bio-signals that have been found to reflect directly the individual’s motion intention is surface electromyography (sEMG). However, sEMG signals are inevitably full of noises, not to mention the unwanted recordings and other artifact s between muscles where they cannot be freely used as a control signal for ERD. This paper presents the use of the Butterworth filter for noise suppression and the attenuation of unwanted recordings. Using classical Butterworth filter typically is unable to eliminate or attenuate the unwanted contamination on the signal of interest to its baseline level. Therefore, it is critical to modify the Butterworth filter at this stage. sEMG signals from the biceps femoris and rectus femoris muscles of seven health y male young adults were recorded in this study. The onset/ offset technique is utilized to detect the presence of the additional signal contaminated on the signal of interest. If the onset/offset index points are not approximately correlated with the movement, this means there is a contaminated measurement on the signal of interest. At this interval, a filter with distributed cutoff frequency plays the role to have the already smoothed baseline signal. In summary, the modified Butterworth filter shows to have a good performance to suppress the noises and to attenuate the unwanted recordings adaptively which ensures a safe human-machine system.
Muito mais que Yellowface: o início do reconhecimento asiático
Authors: Nakamura Mariana , Persichetti Simonetta
Published: February 2022

O tema central do projeto é o de pesquisar sobre o conceito “yellowface” e a falta de representatividade de asiáticos em programas televisivos ocidentais. Essa pesquisa tem como objetivo principal encontrar soluções que possam responder ao questionamento do que faz com que os amarelos sejam representados, na maioria das vezes, de maneira rotulada e estereotipada, ou, até mesmo, não representados, como é o caso de várias produções midiáticas que representam o asiático de maneira caricata e ofensiva. Durante o período, alguns conceitos e autores foram abordados, como o de opinião pública por Walter Lippmann e o de estereótipo para Stuart Hall. Além desses citados, foi realizada uma análise das imagens do filme “Bonequinha de Luxo” a partir do conceito de estereotipo de Peter Burke; revisão bibliográfica no conceito de yellowface no cinema e definição do conceito de estereotipo a partir do conceito também de Peter Burke. Para finalizar, O livro de Serge Moscovici, Representações Sociais, me ajudou a entender representações sociais como meios de recriar a realidade.
Cosmismo Russo
Authors: Guercio Maria Rita
Published: February 2022

O Programa Espacial Soviético foi um importante marco na história das repúblicas comunistas. Em 1957 a URSS lança o primeiro objeto em órbita, o satélite Sputnik e em 1961 a nave Vostok leva Iuri Gagarin (1934-1968), o primeiro homem a ir ao espaço.  Os soviéticos ficam muito à frente em relação ao seu maior oponente na época, os Estados Unidos. Mas toda essa empreitada teve como responsável um matemático autodidata proveniente de uma pequena cidade russa chamada Kaluga. Seu nome era Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (1857–1935), o responsável pela equação matemática que iria possibilitar a URSS catapultar seus foguetes e a própria história para a modernidade.
Breves considerações sobre a medicina tropical no mundo lusófono: o caso das tripanossomíases humanas (doença do sono e doença de chagas) nos primeiros anos do século XX
Authors: Silva Ewerton Luiz Figueiredo Moura da
Published: February 2022

Pretende-se aqui expor uma breve reflexão sobre o exercício da medicina tropical no Brasil e em Portugal privilegiando as chamadas tripanossomíases humanas, patologias causadas pela ação de tripanosomas no organismo humano como a doença de chagas – tida simultaneamente como um emblema da ciência brasileira, mas símbolo de um país doente e negligenciado – e a doença do sono – que assumiu grande importância para Portugal em decorrência de suas possessões africanas e da necessidade de afirmação do pais como potência colonial diante da concorrência europeia por territórios na África .
Integrative taxonomy reveals three new species of European Lepidocyrtus lignorum-group (Collembola, Entomobryidae)
Authors: MATEOS EDUARDO , ÁLVAREZ-PRESAS MARTA
Published: February 2022

Lepidocyrtus is one of the genera of springtails with the largest number of species in the world. Molecular studies carried out to date on this genus have revealed the existence of a large number of cryptic species. Molecular and morphological studies done with four European populations of the genus have allowed us to describe three new species within the L. lignorum-group: L. fuscocephalus sp. nov., L. milagrosae sp. nov. and L. semicoloratus sp. nov. One of these species is made up of two geographically separate populations that represent two clearly separate but morphologically indistinguishable haplotypes.
New entoproct-polychaete association recorded in the Bay of Bengal, southeastern coast of India
Authors: BHARATHIDASAN VEERAIYAN , BORISANOVA ANASTASIA O. , SARATHY PALANIVEL PARTHA , MURUGESAN PERUMAL
Published: February 2022

The solitary entoproct species, Loxosomella diopatricola is recorded from the Bay of Bengal, southeastern coast of India. The species was found on the eunicid polychaete Diopatra sp. collected from depth of 15 m. Loxosomella diopatricola is a medium-sized species with average body length up to 396 µm, eight tentacles and oval in calyx shape. The Loxosomella diopatricola was first time recorded in India. A list of all Loxosomella species associated with polychaetes is given.
Two new Erichsonius species of iSimangaliso Wetland Park in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Staphylininae)
Authors: JANÁK JIŘÍ , UHLIG MANFRED
Published: February 2022

Two new Erichsonius (Sectophilonthus) species of South Africa (type locality: KwaZulu-Natal Province: Sodwana Bay) are described, illustrated, and distinguished from similar species: E. (S.) sodwanaensis sp. nov. and E. (S.) muellerae sp. nov.
Method to Eliminate Fluoride Interference in the Spectrophotometric Estimation of Zirconium: Application to U–Zr Alloys
Authors: Kumar Satendra , Maji Siuli , Sundararajan Kalyansundaram
Published: February 2022

In the estimation of Zr using the ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectrophotometric technique, fluoride interference is a decade-old unsolved problem. The process of repeated fuming with strong acids is often used to remove fluoride from the solution in order to estimate Zr using spectrophotometry analysis. For the first time, in this work, a simple use of AlCl3 is reported as a suppressing reagent to eliminate the interference of fluoride in the estimation of Zr. Xylenol orange in HCl medium is used as a complexing reagent. Linearity in the datum acquired from absorbance at 551 nm (λmax) is achieved over the concentration range 0.25–4.5 µg mL–1 of Zr with a molar absorptivity of 35030 L·mol–1·cm–1 and Sandell’s sensitivity of 0.003 µg·cm–2. Zr is quantified in the variety of U–Zr alloys and various water samples using spectrophotometric detection with a classical univariate calibration with suppressing of fluoride interference through AlCl3. Results from this novel analytical method herein developed for the first time are compared with those achieved from gravimetric analysis.
Deep Learning Models for Data-Driven Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) Analysis of Interstitial Oxygen Impurities in Czochralski-Si Crystals
Authors: Davari Seyyed Ali , Mukherjee Dibyendu
Published: February 2022

Analytical advantages of facile and expeditious spectral data collections from laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) are often offset by the low-accuracy quantitative analyses offered by the technique due to non-equilibrium plasma–matrix interactions. Herein, we developed a one-dimensional (1D) convolutional neural network (CNN) and a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) models for LIBS data analyses to predict trace amounts of interstitial oxygen impurities in commercial Czochralski-silicon (Cz-Si) crystals with known interstitial oxygen concentrations at 0–16 parts per million (ppm). While traditional spectral analyses from O(I) (777.2 nm) atomic lines offer poor accuracy, CNN and LASSO analyses generate excellent predictions for the interstitial oxygen concentrations. Specifically, CNN-based spectral analyses uniquely identified systematic alterations in LIBS fingerprints manifested by laser-matter interactions. Our results pave the path for combining facile and voluminous LIBS data collection with deep learning driven high-fidelity data analytics.
Fidelity Protocol Development for a Telehealth Type 1 Diabetes Occupation-Based Coaching Intervention
Authors: Shin Julia , Jewell Vanessa D. , Abbott Amy A. , Russell Marion , Carlson Kathryn , Gordon Madison
Published: February 2022

Background. Preserving fidelity ascertains that the intervention is delivered as intended in occupational therapy (OT) contexts. The process of conceptualizing and developing fidelity standards, however, is seldom documented in the existing literature. Purpose. The purpose of this methodological description paper was to (a) describe the process of generating a comprehensive fidelity plan based on the National Institutes of Health Behavioral Change Consortium's five-domain fidelity framework and (b) evaluate the development process and utility of the end product, the Occupation-Based Coaching (OBC) Fidelity Protocol. Key Issues. There is no known research that documents the process of developing fidelity standards and tools to support the OBC intervention. Implications. The OBC Fidelity Protocol proposes an example of how a comprehensive fidelity plan and tools can be developed from a well-established scientific framework. This can also inform OT practitioners and researchers to deliver OBC sessions with consistency across clients, providers, and interventions/studies.
Supervision of supervisory practice: From idea to practice
Authors: Wong Peace Yuh Ju , Wong Kang Li , Ghoh Corinne , Chiu Marcus Yu Lung
Published: February 2022

Little is known about how social work supervisors can be equipped and supported. A qualitative evaluation of a supervision of supervisory practice (SOSp) training programme with nine supervisors with 2 years of experience was done. Benefits for the supervisors were the application of knowledge and skills that improved the supervisory practice, and the opportunity to receive feedback. However, lack of time was a major obstacle for quality supervision. Supervisees reported experiencing a more collaborative supervision and an increase in confidence and perception of competence in case management. This exploratory study highlights the importance of developing competencies in the education and support functions of supervision.
High-Performance Dental Composites Based on Hierarchical Reinforcements
Authors: Hu C. , Lin Y.Q. , Yang Y.J. , Wang L.L. , Liang H.M. , Wu J.R. , He G.X. , Shao L.Q.
Published: February 2022

Use of high-performance fibers such as poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) (PBO) improves the mechanical properties of dental fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs). However, the surfaces of high-performance fibers are relatively inert, and the interface with the resin matrix is poor. This has become a limitation restricting the performance of PBO FRCs in dentistry. Nanomaterials were introduced onto PBO fibers to construct various hierarchical reinforcements to obtain a dental FRC with higher flexural performance and optimized interface bonding. Four hierarchical reinforcements were constructed: PBO-ZnO nanoparticles (NPs), PBO-ZnO nanowires (NWs), PBO-ZnO NPs–cage silsesquioxane (POSS), and PBO-ZnO NWs-POSS. Performance following this optimized method was evaluated at macroscale and microscale levels, including measurement of the interfacial properties and mechanical properties of FRCs. The physicochemical characteristics of PBO fibers before and after modification were measured to determine the interfacial bonding mechanisms and to verify the connection between the microinterface and macromechanical properties. The cytotoxicity of the preferred PBO FRC was evaluated using the CCK8 assay. In comparison to other designs, the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of PBO-ZnO NWs-POSS was the highest (29.31 ± 2.40 MPa). The corresponding FRC had the highest flexural strength under a static load (925.0 ± 39.2 MPa), the flexural modulus (39.39 ± 1.41 GPa) was equivalent to that of human dentin, and in vitro cytotoxicity was acceptable. The interfacial bonding mechanisms of PBO-ZnO NWs-POSS resulted from mechanical interlocking, chemical bonds, hydrogen bonds, and van der Waals forces. In summary, the PBO-ZnO NWs-POSS hierarchical reinforcement was introduced in dental FRCs and showed remarkable enhancement of the IFSS and flexural properties. We verified that the PBO-ZnO NWs-POSS hierarchical reinforcement was successful. This PBO FRC may be applied in dentistry as a new option for endodontic posts. Our study provides an interface design strategy for developing high-performance FRCs reinforced with high-performance fibers for dental applications.
Tracking the rise of United States foreign military training: IMTAD-USA, a new dataset and research agenda
Authors: McLauchlin Theodore , Seymour Lee JM , Martel Simon Pierre Boulanger
Published: February 2022

Training other countries’ armed forces is a go-to foreign policy tool for the United States and other states. A growing literature explores the effects of military training, but researchers lack detailed data on training activities. To assess the origins and consequences of military training, as well as changing patterns over time, this project provides a new, global dataset of US foreign military training. This article describes the scope of the data along with the variables collected, coding procedures, and spatial and temporal patterns. We demonstrate the added value of the data in their much greater coverage of training activities, showing differences from both existing datasets and aggregate foreign military aid data. Reanalyzing prior research findings linking US foreign military training to the risk of coups d’état in recipient states, we find that this effect is limited to a single US program representing a small fraction of overall US training activities. The data show comprehensively how the United States attempts to influence partner military forces in a wide variety of ways and suggest new avenues of research.
Coup d’état and a democratic signal: The connection between protests and coups after the Cold War
Authors: Yukawa Taku , Hidaka Kaoru , Kushima Kaori , Fujita Masafumi
Published: February 2022

What connection exists between protests and coup attempts? Although recent studies have revealed that the former incites the latter, they generally do not consider international factors. We contend that post-Cold War nonviolent protests have promoted coup attempts. With sentiment in the international community turning against coups following the end of the Cold War, coup organizers have had to portray their actions as democratic. Launching a coup attempt during ongoing nonviolent protests became a convincing method to prove democratic bona fides. This is because the international community favors nonviolence, and it signals that the emerging regime will not have extreme preferences and will keep order. Conversely, the international community does not regard violent protests as legitimate, and staging a coup attempt during violent protests will not enable a military to claim legitimacy. This argument is tested through statistical analysis and by using the 2011 Egyptian coup as a case study. As expected, the results indicate that the impact of protests on coup attempts varies depending on (1) whether those protests are violent or nonviolent, and on (2) the period. Specifically, only the nonviolent protests in the post-Cold War era prompt coup attempts meaningfully.
Middle School Music Uptake and Achievement: Evidence From the 2016 Arts National Assessment of Educational Progress
Authors: Elpus Kenneth
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine the demographic characteristics and music achievement of eighth-grade students in the United States using evidence from the 2016 National Assessment of Educational Progress in the Arts (NAEP). Analyzing NAEP data from a nationally representative sample of 4,340 eighth graders attending public and private middle schools in the United States in 2016, The author estimated enrollment percentages in various kinds of music classes and compared Music NAEP scores across various individual characteristics. Results showed that 64% of eighth graders enrolled in a school music class, with 34% of eighth graders enrolling in an ensemble class. Among ensemble students, there was underrepresentation of Black and Latinx students and underrepresentation of students of lower socioeconomic status. Students who were enrolled in general music and not an ensemble did not follow this pattern: Black and Latinx students and students of lower socioeconomic means were overrepresented among general music students. Controlling for contextual and demographic characteristics, ensemble music students significantly outscored nonmusic students on the Music NAEP, but students enrolled in general music as their only music course scored statistically indistinguishably from their nonmusic peers.
Trends in motorcycle accident mortality in Lagos: Consequences of government policy changes
Authors: Emiogun Edobor Festus , Sanni Daniel Ayodele , Soyemi Sunday Sokunle , Faduyile Francis Adedayo , Obafunwa John Oladapo
Published: February 2022

Background: Motorcycle use is associated with fatal crashes. The government of Lagos State, Nigeria has introduced legislation and policies to address this issue. Aim: To examine trends in motorcycle accident mortality in Lagos over a 10-year period (January 2010 - December 2019) and consider the impact of transportation legislation and policy changes on deaths from motorcycle accidents during that period. Method: A retrospective analysis of all autopsies performed on decedents from motorcycle crashes between January 2010 and December 2019. Results: There were 211 cases of motorcycle accident-related deaths. Most victims were males (89.1%), the peak age was 31–40 years (30.8%), and majority were riders and pillion passengers (39.8% each). Head injury (51.6%) was the most common injury and cause of death. There was a general decline in case numbers from 2010 to 2019. Following new legislation that introduced a motorcycle hailing service between 2017 and 2019, there was a 17.4% reduction in fatalities from accidents. Conclusion: There has been a general downward trend in fatal motorcycle accidents in Lagos from 2010 to 2019. Changes in government transportation policies have likely had consequences on motorcycle accident-related mortality.
COVID-19 Cases and Deaths in Skilled Nursing Facilities in Cook County, Illinois
Authors: Kim Sage J. , Hollender Meredith , DeMott Andrew , Oh Haewon , Bhatia Ishan , Eisenberg Yochai , Gelder Michael , Hughes Susan
Published: February 2022

Objective:

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating impact on older adults residing in skilled nursing facilities. This study examined the pathways through which community and facility factors may have affected COVID-19 cases and deaths in skilled nursing facilities.

Methods:

We used structural equation modeling to examine the number of COVID-19 cases and deaths in skilled nursing facilities in Cook County, Illinois, from January 1 through September 30, 2020. We used data from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, the Illinois Department of Public Health, and the Cook County Medical Examiner’s Office to determine the number of resident COVID-19 cases and deaths, number of staff cases, facility-level characteristics, and community-level factors.

Results:

Poorer facility quality ratings and higher numbers of staff COVID-19 cases were associated with increased numbers of resident COVID-19 cases and deaths. For-profit ownership was associated with larger facilities and higher resident-to-staff ratios, which increased the number of staff COVID-19 cases. Furthermore, skilled nursing facilities with a greater percentage of White residents were in areas with lower levels of social vulnerability and were less likely to be for-profit and, thus, were associated with higher quality.

Conclusions:

For-profit ownership was associated with lower facility quality ratings and increases in the number of staff COVID-19 cases, leading to increased resident COVID-19 cases and deaths. Establishing enforceable regulations to ensure quality standards in for-profit skilled nursing facilities is critical to prevent future outbreaks and reduce health disparities in facilities serving racial and ethnic minority populations.
Finite-time composite control for gimbal system in SGCMG under high-frequency disturbance
Authors: Cui Yangyang , Yang Yongjian , Qiao Jianzhong , Li Wenshuo , Zhu Yukai , Guo Lei
Published: February 2022

This paper investigates the velocity-tracking problem of the gimbal system in a single gimbal control moment gyro (SGCMG) suffering from high-frequency disturbance. In order to accurately and quickly reject the high-frequency disturbance resulted from nonuniform mass distribution and manufacturing imperfection, a finite-time harmonic disturbance observer (FTHDO) is constructed according to the available information about the high-frequency disturbance. Then, a composite controller is developed to achieve simultaneous disturbance rejection and attenuation. The nominal control performance can be recovered under the high-frequency disturbance. It has been demonstrated that the velocity-tracking error can be stabilized by the proposed composite controller within finite time. Finally, numerical simulation results are presented to verify the superiority of the proposed method.
Cricotracheostomy in a patient with severe kyphosis: A case report
Authors: Kasahara Ken , Nishiyama Takanori , Shigetomi Seiji , Ikari Yuichi , Matsui Yuki , Ozawa Hiroyuki
Published: February 2022

Cricotracheostomy is a useful surgical procedure for opening the airway in cases where conventional tracheotomy is difficult. This is a safe and easy technique involving removal of the anterior portion of the cricoid cartilage. Herein, we report the case of a patient with difficulty in neck extension due to severe kyphosis, who underwent cricotracheostomy. A 65-year-old woman developed dyspnea and was transported to our hospital. SpO2 was 60% (room air) and endotracheal intubation was performed. She was managed on ventilator. However, weaning off the ventilator was difficult, and endotracheal intubation was prolonged. Subsequently, the patient was referred to us for a tracheostomy. The patient was unable to maintain the supine position due to severe kyphosis, and computed tomography revealed that the brachiocephalic artery was running just below the thyroid gland. Therefore, conventional tracheostomy was difficult to perform, and we performed cricotracheostomy instead. After the cricotracheostomy, there were no tracheal problems, such as tracheal stenosis and stomal hemorrhage. Cricotracheostomy can be performed in cases where multiple anatomical difficulties may be faced in the tracheostomy site, as in this case. Furthermore, cricotracheostomy is beneficial for long-term airway management because it causes fewer complications compared to conventional tracheotomy.
Gender Backlash and the Moderating Role of Shared Racial Group Membership
Authors: Xiao Vivian L. , Lowery Brian S. , Stillwell Amelia
Published: February 2022

Research suggests that White women often experience more gender backlash than women of color in response to expressions of agency. We consider whether this differential in backlash is driven by the match or mismatch of the race of both perceivers and targets. Much of the existing work in this space examines the perspective of White perceivers, which might underestimate racial minority women’s susceptibility to backlash if backlash occurs primarily in same-race interactions. We examine how the racial group memberships of targets and perceivers jointly affect backlash against gender-norm violating women. In analyses of Dr. Christine Blasey-Ford’s accusations of sexual assault against Brett Kavanaugh and Anita Hill’s accusations against Clarence Thomas during their respective U.S. Supreme Court confirmation hearings, an archival analysis of the 2016 U.S. presidential election, and two experiments, we find that perceivers of different races tend to express more backlash toward racial in-group than out-group women.
Beyond technocracy and political theology: John Dewey and the authority of truth
Authors: Chun Michelle
Published: February 2022

This article aims to shed light on the so-called post-truth moment and the responses of Walter Lippmann, Carl Schmitt, and John Dewey to the unstable basis and implications of truth—empirical or scientific, moral and axiological—in politics. At stake historically and today is an attempt to find political authority grounded in truth so as to preserve an autonomous sphere of freedom for the individual against the potentially irrational subjectivism backed by coercive force. Lippmann and Schmitt mirror the contemporary distrust (or insistence as inescapable fact) of subjectivism and the rejection of pluralism as offering truth as an ordering principle for politics. I argue that Dewey’s turn to inquiry and his conception of truth and politics provides a timely defense of participatory democracy and a democratic ethos necessary to commit to acting on verifiable truth claims. I conclude by applying Dewey’s insights to current scholarship on truth, inquiry, and polarization today.
Processing Fluency and Inferred Motive: L1 English Users’ Evaluations of Non-Standard Accented Speech
Authors: Montgomery Gretchen , Acheme Doris
Published: February 2022

Guided by communication accommodation theory and the fluency principle of language attitudes, this experimental study examined the serial mediation effects of processing fluency and inferred motives on language attitudes toward standard- and non-standard-accented speech. Using the matched guise technique, participants were randomly assigned to listen to an audio recording read in either a Standard American English (SAE) or Indian Tamil English (ITE) accent. Compared to the ITE accent, participants who listened to the SAE accent reported significantly higher processing fluency of the speaker's talk, more positive inferred cognitive motive from the speaker, and attributed higher solidarity to the speaker. However, the experimental conditions yielded no differences in inferred affective motive or status evaluations. Mediation analysis indicated significant indirect effects on status and solidarity through processing fluency and inferred cognitive motives as serial mediators. The indirect effects through inferred affective motive were not significant. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Palliative care needs and models of care for people who use drugs and/or alcohol: A mixed methods systematic review
Authors: Cook Olivia , Doran John , Crosbie Kate , Sweeney Phillipa , Millard Ian , O’Connor Margaret
Published: February 2022

Background:

Providing palliative care for individuals who use alcohol and/or drugs poses a multi-faceted challenge. In addition to clinical and social needs, individuals may endure mental health problems, co-morbidities and homelessness, thus requiring a multi-disciplinary, flexible approach to care.

Aim:

To identify the palliative care needs and models of care for people who use drugs and/or alcohol.

Design:

A mixed-methods systematic review was conducted using the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis.

Data Sources:

Six databases were searched to identify relevant studies. Full text review and quality appraisal were completed independently and in-duplicate by two reviewers with conflicts resolved by a third reviewer. Qualitative and quantitative data were tabulated together using narrative synthesis, then categorised according to outcomes of interest, with similar and divergent findings reported accordingly.

Results:

Thirteen studies were included, nine qualitative and four quantitative, using a range of data collection methods, across various settings. The difficulties for individuals who use alcohol and/or drugs as well as their formal and informal carers, in relation to end-of-life care were examined, revealing access, care and skills issues. Three themes emerged which could underpin the development of a model of care: interpersonal/organisational relationships; holistic care; and collaborating with other services and training.

Conclusion:

Despite end-of-life needs of this population being different to others, challenges include creating inclusive policies, sensitising staff to distinctive individual needs and training exchanges for staff working in both drug and alcohol services and palliative care.
Evaluation of a WeChat-based Dyadic Life Review Program for people with advanced cancer and family caregivers: A mixed-method feasibility study
Authors: Chen Ying , Sun Lijun , Xiao Huimin , Zheng Jianwei , Lin Xiaoyan
Published: February 2022

Background:

Cancer not only affects cancer patients’ quality of life but also their family caregivers’. A WeChat-based Dyadic Life Review Program was developed by our research team for people with advanced cancer and their family caregivers to improve their quality of life.

Aim:

To explore the feasibility and preliminary effects of the WeChat-based Dyadic Life Review Program on people with advanced cancer and their family caregivers.

Methods:

A feasibility randomized controlled trial was conducted. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. A total of 47 advanced cancer patient-family caregiver dyads was recruited. Twenty-six dyads were randomized into the experimental group, and 21 dyads into the control group. The experimental group engaged in the WeChat-based Dyadic Life Review Program twice a week for 4 weeks.

Results:

For qualitative results, five themes emerged: (1) accepting and enjoying the program; (2) increasing communication with one another; (3) feeling grateful for each other; (4) providing emotional support to each other; and (5) releasing caregivers’ stress. In terms of quantitative results, quality of life ( Z = −4.06, p < 0.001; t = 4.30, p < 0.001), family adaptability( Z = −3.01, p = 0.003; Z = −3.29, p = 0.001), and family cohesion( Z = −4.14, p < 0.001; Z = −3.88, p < 0.001) of people with advanced cancer and family caregivers were improved, and family caregivers’ care burden ( t = −2.50, p = .018) was decreased in the experimental group compared with the control group post-test.

Conclusions:

The WeChat-based Dyadic Life Review Program is feasible and acceptable for people with advanced cancer and their family caregivers. It has the potential to improve their quality of life, adaptability and cohesion, and reduce family caregivers’ care burden.
Basophilic stippling in red blood cells in the bone marrow: indication for lead poisoning diagnosis
Authors: Kano Nagamasa , Fukui Sayato , Kushiro Seiko , Inui Akihiro , Saita Mizue , Kura Yoshimasa , Sawada Umihiko , Naito Toshio
Published: February 2022

A 40-year-old man presented at our hospital with anaemia that had been undiagnosed for 2 years. Blood tests, endoscopy, and contrast-enhanced computed tomography were performed, but a definitive diagnosis could not be made. A subsequent bone marrow biopsy revealed basophilic stippling in transformed red blood cells, which led to a differential diagnosis of lead poisoning. Additional tests revealed elevated levels of lead in the blood. Basophilic stippling is generally found on a peripheral blood smear in lead poisoning patients; however, in this case, basophilic stippling was found only on the bone marrow smear and not in the blood smear. Even if basophilic stippling is not found in the peripheral blood, lead poisoning cannot be excluded.
Acute myeloid leukemia relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a retrospective study from a single institution
Authors: Lin Cheng-Hsien , Chen Tsung-Chih , Shih Yu-Hsuan , Chou Cheng-Wei , Hsu Chiann-Yi , Li Po-Hsien , Teng Chieh-Lin Jerry
Published: February 2022

Objective

The outcomes of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) are poor. However, the risk factors for relapse in this context remain unclear.

Methods

We retrospectively assessed 84 consecutive adult AML patients who underwent allo-HSCT and achieved complete remission (CR). These patients were dichotomized into non-relapse (n = 58) and relapse (n = 26) groups, and the cumulative relapse rates and associated risk factors were examined. We also examined the treatments for and outcomes of patients with AML relapse after allo-HSCT.

Results

Non-CR status before allo-HSCT and high-risk cytogenetics were significant risk factors for AML relapse in univariate analysis, and non-CR status was also identified as a risk factor in multivariate analysis. The cumulative AML relapse rates after allo-HSCT were significantly higher in patients with non-CR (70.0%) compared with patients with CR (25.6%). Only 2 of the 26 relapsed patients remained alive on the study-censored day.

Conclusions

Non-CR status before allo-HSCT was a significant risk factor for AML relapse after allo-HSCT. Patients with AML relapse after allo-HSCT had poor outcomes due to a lack of response to salvage remission-induction chemotherapy or treatment-related adverse events.
Evaluation of the Effects of Transforming Growth Factor–Beta 3 (TGF-β3) Loaded Nanoparticles on Healing in a Rat Achilles Tendon Injury Model
Authors: Cetik Riza Mert , Yabanoglu Ciftci Samiye , Arica Betul , Baysal Ipek , Akarca Dizakar Saadet Ozen , Erbay Elibol Fatma Kubra , Gencer Ayse , Demir Teyfik , Ayvaz Mehmet
Published: February 2022

Background:

Achilles tendon (AT) midsubstance injuries may heal suboptimally, especially in athletes. Transforming growth factor–beta 3 (TGF-β3) shows promise because of its recently discovered tendinogenic effects. Using poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-b-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-b-PEG) nanoparticles (NPs) may enhance the results by a sustained-release effect.

Hypothesis:

The application of TGF-β3 will enhance AT midsubstance healing, and the NP form will achieve better outcomes.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

A total of 80 rats underwent unilateral AT transection and were divided into 4 groups: (1) control (C); (2) empty chitosan film (Ch); (3) chitosan film containing free TGF-β3 (ChT); and (4) chitosan film containing TGF-β3–loaded NPs (ChN). The animals were sacrificed at 3 and 6 weeks. Tendons were evaluated for morphology (length and cross-sectional area [CSA]), biomechanics (maximum load, stress, stiffness, and elastic modulus), histology, immunohistochemical quantification (types I and III collagen [COL1 and COL3]), and gene expression (COL1A1, COL3A1, scleraxis, and tenomodulin).

Results:

Morphologically, at 3 weeks, ChT (15 ± 2.7 mm) and ChN (15.6 ± 1.6 mm) were shorter than C (17.6 ± 1.8 mm) ( P = .019 and = .004, respectively). At 6 weeks, the mean CSA of ChN (10.4 ± 1.9 mm2) was similar to that of intact tendons (6.4 ± 1.1 mm2) ( P = .230), while the other groups were larger. Biomechanically, at 3 weeks, ChT (42.8 ± 4.9 N) had a higher maximum load than C (27 ± 9.1 N; P = .004) and Ch (29.2 ± 5.7 N; P = .005). At 6 weeks, ChN (26.9 ± 3.9 MPa) had similar maximum stress when compared with intact tendons (34.1 ± 7.8 MPa) ( P = .121); the other groups were significantly lower. Histologically, at 6 weeks, the mean Movin score of ChN (4.5 ± 1.5) was lower than that of ChT (6.3 ± 1.8). Immunohistochemically, ChN had higher COL3 (1.469 ± 0.514) at 3 weeks and lower COL1 (1.129 ± 0.368) at 6 weeks. COL1A1 gene expression was higher in ChT and ChN at 3 weeks, but COL3A1 gene expression was higher in ChN.

Conclusion:

The application of TGF-β3 had a positive effect on AT midsubstance healing, and the sustained-release NP form improved the outcomes, more specifically accelerating the remodeling process.

Clinical Relevance:

This study demonstrated the effectiveness of TGF-β3 on tendon healing on a rat model, which is an important step toward clinical use. The novel method of using PLGA-b-PEG NPs as a drug-delivery system with sustained-release properties had promising results.
Up the Chain: Gendered Mentoring in the U.S. Army
Authors: Portillo Shannon , Smith Amy E. , Doan Alesha
Published: February 2022

For careers in public service, meritocracy is espoused and idealized with formal structures for advancement. However, career development is also relational. Scholars have long discussed the benefits of mentoring both for psychosocial support and career advancement in organizations. While mentoring is recognized as important for career advancement, less is known about the nature of mentoring in male-dominated public sector organizations. In this paper we explore how mentoring functions in the U.S. Army—a male-dominated public service organization. Using data from a mixed method study, including survey data from approximately 1,200 Army personnel and analysis of 27 focus groups with 198 participants, we find that mentoring quality matters for all employees, but it matters more for women. We also find that mentoring is gendered, shaping the career trajectories of women and men in different ways.
The French refrigeration industry's protectionism propaganda against Norwegian ice imports, 1899–1920
Authors: Dorovitsa Effie
Published: February 2022

Imports of Norwegian natural ice into France during the long nineteenth century were met with hostility from the emerging French artificial-ice industry. The phenomenon was more pronounced in the northern ports of France where large amounts of ice were essential for the smooth operation of the fisheries and tourist hubs. This article narrates how the French refrigeration industrialists, collectively in the form of a syndicate but also individually, conducted a fierce campaign against imported Norwegian ice, which they considered to be the main obstacle to the development of their business. Their rhetoric was largely based on protectionist grounds and their principal demand was for a compensatory duty to be imposed on Norwegian ice imports. As the article explains, this self-interested propaganda ultimately collapsed under the pressure of the increasing needs of local economies for imported ice.
Two conferences in the natural-ice trade
Authors: Nygaard Knut Michael
Published: February 2022

A conference in shipping can be understood as a cartel-like association of competing shipping companies. The purpose is to ensure stable framework conditions in the form of ‘sensible’ freight rates. Conferences were first used in the second half of the nineteenth century by liner shipping companies. In tramp shipping, conferences became relevant at the beginning of the twentieth century. This article tells the story of two conferences in the tramp-shipping segment of the ice-transport business, both of which were active in the early twentieth century. Two groups of shipping companies, inspired by international developments, were established. One grouping was organized as most conferences were, while the other was organized more broadly. The former was a conference for shipping companies with wooden steamships, while the latter was for shipping companies with sailing ships. The development of these two organizations is followed in relation to the export of Norwegian natural ice. The article assesses the significance of ice freight for Norwegian shipping during the early twentieth century, the extent to which the two conferences were able to establish minimum rates for the transport of ice, and why the two conferences developed differently.
Dual SGLT1/SGLT2 inhibitor phlorizin reduces glucose transport in experimental peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Martus Giedre , Bergling Karin , Öberg Carl M
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

Glucose absorption during peritoneal dialysis (PD) is commonly assumed to occur via paracellular pathways. We recently showed that SGLT2 inhibition did not reduce glucose absorption in experimental PD, but the potential role of glucose transport into cells is still unclear. Here we sought to elucidate the effects of phlorizin, a non-selective competitive inhibitor of sodium glucose co-transporters 1 and 2 (SGLT1 and SGLT2), in an experimental rat model of PD.

Methods:

A 120-min PD dwell was performed in 12 anesthetised Sprague-Dawley rats using 1.5% glucose fluid with a fill volume of 20 mL with ( n = 6) or without ( n = 6) intraperitoneal phlorizin (50 mg/L). Several parameters for peritoneal water and solute transport were monitored during the treatment.

Results:

Phlorizin markedly increased the urinary excretion of glucose, lowered plasma glucose and increased plasma creatinine after PD. Median glucose diffusion capacity at 60 min was significantly lower ( p < 0.05) being 196 µL/min (IQR 178–213) for phlorizin-treated animals compared to 238 µL/min (IQR 233–268) in controls. Median fractional dialysate glucose concentration at 60 min ( D/ D 0) was significantly higher ( p < 0.05) in phlorizin-treated animals being 0.65 (IQR 0.63–0.67) compared to 0.61 (IQR 0.60–0.62) in controls. At 120 min, there was no difference in solute or water transport across the peritoneal membrane.

Conclusion:

Our findings indicate that a part of glucose absorption during the initial part of the dwell occurs via transport into peritoneal cells.
Worldmaking and the ethnographic possibilities for an abolitionist anthropology
Authors: Cox Aimee Meredith
Published: February 2022

This essay is a commentary on Dorinne Kondo’s Worldmaking: Race, Performance, and the Work of Creativity. I consider how Kondo’s definition of worldmaking and reparative creativity can be useful concepts for anthropologists contending with the ongoing debate on anthropology’s colonial roots, postcolonial anxieties, and the abolition of the discipline. D. Soyini Madison and Erin Manning in dialog with Kondo provide a generative space to reflect on worldmaking as an anthropological endeavor, or anthropology as an act of worldmaking.
Optimization of the outlet unloading structure to prevent gaseous cavitation in a high-pressure axial piston pump
Authors: Zhang Bin , Zhao Chunxiao , Hong Haocen , Cheng Guozan , Yang Huayong , Feng Shibo , Zhai Jiang , Xiao Wenhui
Published: February 2022

Raising the pressure rank of axial piston pumps is an effective way to enhance the power density. However, when hydraulic fluid switches between the suction and discharge areas in the valve plate at a high level of pressure, the effective delivery flow rates of pumps decrease and may cause vibrations, noise and gaseous cavitation. Increasing the inlet pressure is a common method used to reduce gaseous cavitation; however, this requires additional equipment to pressurize the inlet line, which reduces the power density of the pump. This study proposed a new approach to reduce gaseous cavitation by modifying the shape of the unloading holes for pumps. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was established to examine the influences of the unloading holes of the valve plate on gaseous cavitation. The simulation results revealed that a crescent-shaped unloading hole in the valve plate can effectively decrease the gaseous cavitation by redistributing the damage power of cavitation. Moreover, the crescent-shaped design of the unloading hole can increase the unloading rate by 64.39% at an inlet pressure of 1.1 MPa and rotational speed of 1600 r/min compared to that of traditional unloading holes. As a result, cavitation in the pump can be reduced effectively by an improved unloading rate, which has great practical significance for suppressing the cavitation phenomenon and decreasing vibration and noise in the pump.