bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Passionate and psychologically‐undetached: A moderated‐mediated investigation of psychological distress among engaged employees
Authors: Lajom Jennifer Ann L. , Teo Stephen , de Carvalho Filho Moises Kirk , Stanway Alicia
Published: February 2023

Guided by the effort‐recovery model and the dualistic model of passion, we tested a conditional process model that examined the relationships between work engagement, workplace passion, psychological detachment, and psychological distress among Japanese professionals. We conducted an online panel survey across two time points, six weeks apart (N = 202 matched responses) where we measured all the variables at both instances. Findings show that engaged employees become susceptible to psychological distress due to decreased levels of psychological detachment. The moderating role of work passion was partially supported: being obsessively passionate towards work exacerbates this relationship further while contrary to expectations, the moderating role of harmonious passion was not significant. Findings suggest the possibility that engaged employees are less likely to switch off, which predisposes them to ill‐being at work, and this becomes apparent among employees with less volitional opportunities in the workplace.
An expanded Smithian–Spathian (Lower Triassic) boundary from a reefal build‐up record in Oman: implications for conodont taxonomy, high‐resolution biochronology and the carbon isotope record
Authors: Leu Marc , Bucher Hugo , Baud Aymon , Vennemann Torsten , Luz Zoneibe , Hautmann Michael , Goudemand Nicolas
Published: February 2023

Some 2.7 myr after the Permian–Triassic boundary mass extinction, a stepwise extinction of the nekton (ammonoids and conodonts) ended at the Smithian–Spathian boundary (SSB) during an episode of climate cooling. SSB records from continental shelves are usually affected by an unconformity, suggesting a forced regression of glacio‐eustatic origin. Here, we document a new 30‐m‐thick SSB section from Jebel Aweri (Batain Plain, Oman) that provides an exceptionally complete and expanded record preserved in an exotic block. Most of this SSB section consists of microbial boundstone build‐ups with a framework of metazoan bioclasts that formed in shallow water on an offshore seamount. In Wadi Musjah (Hawasina nappes, Oman), another exotic block records the SSB in a deeper water setting represented by Hallstatt‐type facies. These two sections provide a unique perspective on the early Spathian rapid re‐diversification of conodonts. They led to a thorough revision of conodont taxonomy around the SSB and to the construction of the highest resolution biochronological scheme for this time interval in the Tethys. A total of five SSB sections from Oman representing both offshore seamounts and lower slope deposits were included in a high‐resolution, quantitative unitary associations (UA) analysis. The resulting 8 conodont biozones are intercalibrated with ammonoid zones and with the carbonate carbon isotope record ultimately placing the SSB in the interval of separation between UAZ3and UAZ4. Only the association ofNovispathodus pingdingshanensiswithIcriospathodus crassatuscan be used to unambiguously characterize the base of the Spathian.
System lacks systems thinking: Top‐down organization and actor agency in China's agricultural extension system
Authors: Liao Chengdong , Ross Helen , Jones Natalie , Palaniappan Gomathy
Published: February 2023

Extension of agricultural technology is important for farmers to improve their practices. However, criticisms are made of top‐down extension systems, which fail to meet smallholder farmers' needs due to reliance on a linear, one‐way transfer approach. Meanwhile, the role of farmers' knowledge is gaining attention in the academic literature on agricultural extension, but yet overlooked in the applied Chinese context. These issues require a holistic analysis, towards, which systems principles can provide insights. We present a case study of the interaction between the national extension system and smallholder farmers in Guangxi, China. We found that the system constrains the autonomy and capacity of extension officers in implementing activities. Also, farmers actively exercise agency in identifying and responding to farming issues. We argue that the system should build the adaptive capacity of officers and farmers by fostering systems thinking to enable smallholder farmers to tackle farming complexity in a changing world.
Indirect weather‐based approaches for increasing power transfer capabilities of electrical transmission networks
Authors: Keyvani Behzad , Whelan Eoin , Doddy Eadaoin , Flynn Damian
Published: February 2023

Dynamic line rating (DLR) systems are recognized as a cost‐effective and socially accepted asset for relieving network congestion and uprating existing transmission systems, based upon accessing additional weather‐dependent capacity of overhead lines. Although direct and indirect DLR methods are available, utilization of indirect weather‐based approaches, that is, sensors are not installed on the conductor, are of increasing interest due to fast installation times, that is, no requirement for line outages and lower capital costs, with achievable potential for wide‐area implementation. An extensive review is presented on the components and requirements of such systems, including weather stations, forecasting models, downscaling and DLR calculations, overhead line and conductor thermal models, and communication platforms. In addition, the features of practical instances of these systems are briefly reviewed. Moreover, a systematic approach is introduced for statistical evaluation of the high‐level DLR potential across an entire region, as well as an assessment of the line‐level DLR ampacities within an electrical grid, based on (weather forecasting) reanalysis data. The proposed methodology can disclose available additional capacity as part of early‐stage planning for wide‐area DLR systems. The island of Ireland and the 110 kV network of the Republic of Ireland (ROI) power system are considered as the study cases, with comparison made against seasonal static ratings and ambient temperature adjusted line rating methods.

This article is categorized under:

Energy and Power Systems > Energy Infrastructure

Climate and Environment > Net Zero Planning and Decarbonization
An All-Optical Physiology Pipeline Toward Highly Specific and Artifact-Free Circuit Mapping
Authors: Backhaus Hendrik , Ruffini Nicolas , Wierczeiko Anna , Stroh Albrecht
Published: February 2023

All-optical physiology of neuronal microcircuits requires the integration of optogenetic perturbation and optical imaging, efficient opsin and indicator co-expression, and tailored illumination schemes. It furthermore demands concepts for system integration and a dedicated analysis pipeline for calcium transients in an event-related manner. Here, firstly, we put forward a framework for the specific requirements for technical system integration particularly focusing on temporal precision. Secondly, we devise a step-by-step guide for the image analysis in the context of an all-optical physiology experiment. Starting with the raw image, we present concepts for artifact avoidance, the extraction of fluorescence intensity traces on single-neuron basis, the identification and binarization of putatively action-potential-related calcium transients, and finally ensemble activity analysis.
Miniature Multiphoton Microscopes for Recording Neural Activity in Freely Moving Animals
Authors: Ozbay Baris N. , Futia Gregory L. , Ma Ming , McCullough Connor , Young Michael D. , Restrepo Diego , Gibson Emily A.
Published: February 2023

Miniaturized head-mounted microscopes for in vivo recording of neural activity have gained much recognition within the past decade of neuroscience research. In combination with fluorescent reporters, these miniature microscopes allow researchers to record the neural activity that underlies behavior, cognition, and perception in freely moving animals. Single-photon miniature microscopes are convenient for widefield recording but lack the increased penetration depth and optical sectioning capabilities of multiphoton imaging. Here we discuss the current state of head-mounted multiphoton miniature microscopes and introduce a miniature head-mounted two-photon fiber-coupled microscope (2P-FCM) for neuronal imaging with active axial focusing enabled using a miniature electrowetting lens. The 2P-FCM enables three-dimensional two-photon optical recording of structure and activity at multiple focal planes in a freely moving mouse. Detailed methods are provided in this chapter on the 2P-FCM design, operation, and software for data analysis.
Introduction and Main Results
Authors: Velichkov Bozhidar
Published: February 2023

The free boundary problems are a special type of boundary value problems, in which the domain, where the PDE is solved, depends on the solution of the boundary value problem.
An Epiperimetric Inequality Approach to the Regularity of the One-Phase Free Boundaries
Authors: Velichkov Bozhidar
Published: February 2023

Throughout this section, we will use the notation
$$\displaystyle W_0(u)=\int _{B_1}|\nabla u|{ }^2\,dx-\int _{\partial B_1}u^2\,d\mathcal {H}^{d-1}\qquad \text{and}\qquad W(u)=W_0(u)+|\{u>0\}\cap B_1|, $$

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, d ≥ 2 and u ∈ H1(B1).
Non-degeneracy of the Local Minimizers
Authors: Velichkov Bozhidar
Published: February 2023

In this section we prove the non-degeneracy of the solutions to the one-phase problem (2.1). Our main result is the following.
Regularity of the Flat Free Boundaries
Authors: Velichkov Bozhidar
Published: February 2023

This chapter is dedicated to the regularity of the flat free boundaries. In particular, we will show how the improvement of flatness (proved in previous section) implies the C1, α regularity of the free boundary (see Fig. 8.1). The results of this section are based on classical arguments and are well-known to the specialists in the field. The main result of the chapter is the following.
Long-term (≥ 15 years) outcome quality after Class II:1 bionator or Herbst multibracket appliance treatment
Authors: Bock Niko Christian , Jungbauer Rebecca , Rudzki Ingrid , Proff Peter , Ruf Sabine
Published: February 2023

Purpose

To compare the long-term outcome quality (≥ 15 years) of Class II:1 treatment using either a bionator (BIO) or a Herbst–multibracket appliance (HMB).

Methods

Patients who underwent functional treatment during the ideal treatment period for the respective approach (prepuberty vs. peak/postpeak) were assessed. Inclusion criteria were overjet ≥ 4 mm, skeletal Class II and availability of study casts from before, after and ≥ 15 years after treatment. The study casts were assessed using the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index and standard orthodontic cast measurements.

Results

During treatment, PAR score, overjet and sagittal occlusal relationship improved significantly in all groups. Long-term, there was a significant increase of incisor irregularity in the upper (HMB) and lower (BIO) arch and a significant decrease of lower arch width 3 – 3 (BIO). PAR score, overjet, and sagittal occlusal relationship remained stable long-term. Intergroup comparisons revealed significant differences between the BIO and HMB groups in terms of lower arch width (6 – 6), upper and lower arch width (3 + 3/3 – 3) as well as sagittal molar relationship.

Conclusions

The achieved improvement in PAR score, overjet, and sagittal occlusion remained comparably stable long-term in all groups. The long-term changes are probably a consequence of natural aging.
Altered blood gene expression in the obesity-related type 2 diabetes cluster may be causally involved in lipid metabolism: a Mendelian randomisation study
Authors: de Klerk Juliette A. , Beulens Joline W. J. , Mei Hailiang , Bijkerk Roel , van Zonneveld Anton Jan , Koivula Robert W. , Elders Petra J. M. , ’t Hart Leen M. , Slieker Roderick C.
Published: February 2023

Aims/hypothesis

The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNAs in whole blood of people with type 2 diabetes across five different clusters: severe insulin-deficient diabetes (SIDD), severe insulin-resistant diabetes (SIRD), mild obesity-related diabetes (MOD), mild diabetes (MD) and mild diabetes with high HDL-cholesterol (MDH). This was to increase our understanding of different molecular mechanisms underlying the five putative clusters of type 2 diabetes.

Methods

Participants in the Hoorn Diabetes Care System (DCS) cohort were clustered based on age, BMI, HbA1c, C-peptide and HDL-cholesterol. Whole blood RNA-seq was used to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in a cluster compared with all others. Differentially expressed genes were validated in the Innovative Medicines Initiative DIabetes REsearCh on patient straTification (IMI DIRECT) study. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) for differentially expressed RNAs were obtained from a publicly available dataset. To estimate the causal effects of RNAs on traits, a two-sample Mendelian randomisation analysis was performed using public genome-wide association study (GWAS) data.

Results

Eleven lncRNAs and 175 mRNAs were differentially expressed in the MOD cluster, the lncRNA AL354696.2 was upregulated in the SIDD cluster and GPR15 mRNA was downregulated in the MDH cluster. mRNAs and lncRNAs that were differentially expressed in the MOD cluster were correlated among each other. Six lncRNAs and 120 mRNAs validated in the IMI DIRECT study. Using two-sample Mendelian randomisation, we found 52 mRNAs to have a causal effect on anthropometric traits (n=23) and lipid metabolism traits (n=10). GPR146 showed a causal effect on plasma HDL-cholesterol levels (p = 2×10–15), without evidence for reverse causality.

Conclusions/interpretation

Multiple lncRNAs and mRNAs were found to be differentially expressed among clusters and particularly in the MOD cluster. mRNAs in the MOD cluster showed a possible causal effect on anthropometric traits, lipid metabolism traits and blood cell fractions. Together, our results show that individuals in the MOD cluster show aberrant RNA expression of genes that have a suggested causal role on multiple diabetes-relevant traits.

Graphical abstract
General Anesthesia Versus Regional Anesthesia in the Elderly Patients Undergoing Hip Fracture Surgeries: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Cao Mu‐Min , Zhang Yuan‐Wei , Sheng Ren‐Wang , Gao Wang , Kang Qian‐Rui , Gao Yu‐Cheng , Qiu Xiao‐Dong , Rui Yun‐Feng
Published: February 2023

Background

Surgery is the preferred treatment option for the elderly patients with hip fractures. However, the choice of general anesthesia (GA) or regional anesthesia (RA) remains controversial. The quality of evidence has further improved with the advent of several high‐quality randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in the last two years. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of two anesthetic techniques in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture surgeries.

Methods

Eligible studies were identified from PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE and reference lists from January 2000 to June 2022 in this current systematic review and meta‐analysis. The outcomes included the surgery‐related outcomes (duration of surgery, duration of anesthesia, intraoperative blood loss and number of transfusions) and postoperative outcomes (30‐day mortality, postoperative delirium,cardiovascular events and other complications).

Results

A total of 10 RCTs were included, and a total of 3594 patients were analyzed. RA was associated with shorter duration of surgery, shorter length of hospital stays and less intraoperative blood loss compared to GA. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the number of blood transfusions, duration of anesthesia, 30‐day mortality or postoperative delirium.

Conclusions

Our pooled analysis identified no significant differences in terms of the safety between RA and GA, while RA reduces intraoperative blood loss, length of hospital stays and duration of surgery. These results suggest that RA appears to be preferable for the elderly patients with hip fractures.
Is social presence (alone) a general predictor for good remote collaboration? comparing video and augmented reality guidance in maintenance procedures
Authors: Marques Bernardo , Ferreira Carlos , Silva Samuel , Dias Paulo , Santos Beatriz Sousa
Published: February 2023

A common practice in scenarios of remote collaboration is to provide a representation from distributed team members, aiming to positively influence the level of social presence and in turn the work effort. Nevertheless, these stimuli can lead to fractured learning experiences, since collaborators need to split attention among the task, the shared information, and the counterpart representation. This paper explored how the last affects social presence, and other dimensions of collaboration, as well as task resolution in scenarios of remote guidance. A user study was conducted, comparing two distinct conditions: traditional video chat (team members representation always visible) and Augmented Reality (AR) annotations (collaborators representation never available). These were selected due to ongoing research with partners from the industry sector, following the insights of a participatory design process. A real-life use-case was considered, i.e., synchronous maintenance task with 4 completion stages that required a remote expert using a computer to guide 37 on-site participants wielding a handheld device. The results of the study are described and discussed based on data analysis, showing that the majority of participants preferred the AR-based condition, despite the absence of the expert representation.
Short- and intermediate-term impact of DTC telemedicine consultations on subsequent healthcare consumption
Authors: Dahlgren Cecilia , Spånberg Emma , Sveréus Sofia , Dackehag Margareta , Wändell Per , Rehnberg Clas
Published: February 2023

Aim

The use of direct-to-consumer (DTC) telemedicine consultations in primary healthcare has increased rapidly, in Sweden and internationally. Such consultations may be a low-cost alternative to face-to-face visits, but there is limited evidence on their effects on overall healthcare consumption. The aim of this study was to assess the short- and intermediate-term impact of DTC telemedicine consultations on subsequent primary healthcare consumption, by comparing DTC telemedicine users to matched controls in a Swedish setting.

Methods

We constructed a database with individual-level data on healthcare consumption, for all residents of Region Stockholm in 2018, by linking national and regional registries. The study population included all individuals who had ≥ 1 physician consultation (telemedicine or face-to-face) during the first half of 2018. DTC telemedicine users were matched 1:2 to controls who were non-users of DTC telemedicine but who had a traditional face-to-face consultation during the study period. The matching criteria were diagnosis and demographic and socioeconomic variables. An interrupted time series analysis was performed to compare the healthcare consumption of DTC telemedicine users to that of the control group.

Results

DTC telemedicine users increased their healthcare consumption more than controls. The effect seemed to be mostly short term (within a month), but was also present at the intermediate term (2–6 months after the initial consultation). The results were robust across age and disease groups.

Conclusion

The results indicate that DTC telemedicine consultations increase the total number of physician consultations in primary healthcare. From a policy perspective, it is therefore important to further investigate for which diagnoses and treatments DTC telemedicine is suitable so that its use can be encouraged when it is most cost-efficient and limited when it is not. Given the fundamentally different models for reimbursement, there are reasons to review and possibly harmonise the incentive structures for DTC telemedicine and traditional primary healthcare.
The development of sociomathematical norms in the transition to tertiary exam-oriented individualistic mathematics education in an East Asian context
Authors: Lim Woong , Yoon Hyunkyoung , Bae Younggon , Kwon Oh Nam
Published: February 2023

This study investigates social, mathematical, and sociomathematical norms perceived by college students in an engineering mathematics course and examines the students’ sense of mathematics as signals of individual merit. Data sources include a survey and one-on-one interviews with 38 students. The findings help illustrate student perceptions of academic social norms in a large-lecture course represented by the acquisition model of learning in college, detached from communal and collaborative disciplinary practices. Findings provide insights into the local educational context of an East Asian country as a case study when exam-oriented mathematics is institutionalized as normalcy.
Attaining freshwater and estuarine-water soil saturation in an ecosystem-scale coastal flooding experiment
Authors: Hopple A. M. , Doro K. O. , Bailey V. L. , Bond-Lamberty B. , McDowell N. , Morris K. A. , Myers-Pigg A. , Pennington S. C. , Regier P. , Rich R. , Sengupta A. , Smith R. , Stegen J. , Ward N. D. , Woodard S. C. , Megonigal J. P.
Published: February 2023

Coastal upland forests are facing widespread mortality as sea-level rise accelerates and precipitation and storm regimes change. The loss of coastal forests has significant implications for the coastal carbon cycle; yet, predicting mortality likelihood is difficult due to our limited understanding of disturbance impacts on coastal forests. The manipulative, ecosystem-scale Terrestrial Ecosystem Manipulation to Probe the Effects of Storm Treatments (TEMPEST) experiment addresses the potential for freshwater and estuarine-water disturbance events to alter tree function, species composition, and ecosystem processes in a deciduous coastal forest in MD, USA. The experiment uses a large-unit (2000 m2), un-replicated experimental design, with three 50 m × 40 m plots serving as control, freshwater, and estuarine-water treatments. Transient saturation (5 h) of the entire soil rooting zone (0–30 cm) across a 2000 m2coastal forest was attained by delivering 300 m3of water through a spatially distributed irrigation network at a rate just above the soil infiltration rate. Our water delivery approach also elevated the water table (typically ~ 2 m belowground) and achieved extensive, low-level inundation (~ 8 cm standing water). A TEMPEST simulation approximated a 15-cm rainfall event and based on historic records, was of comparable intensity to a 10-year storm for the area. This characterization was supported by showing that Hurricane Ida’s (~ 5 cm rainfall) hydrologic impacts were shorter (40% lower duration) and less expansive (80% less coverage) than those generated through experimental manipulation. Future work will apply TEMPEST treatments to evaluate coastal forest resilience to changing hydrologic disturbance regimes and identify conditions that initiate ecosystem state transitions.
A New Way to Oppose Abortion
Authors: Wollen Amos
Published: February 2023

Hilary Yancey has recently defended the view that for the duration of pregnancy, the mother’s body (or much of it) is literally part of the foetus. I argue that if she’s right, then a venerable tradition of pro-choice arguments will become much harder to defend.
Powder bed monitoring via digital image analysis in additive manufacturing
Authors: Boschetto A. , Bottini L. , Vatanparast S.
Published: February 2023

Due to the nature of Selective Laser Melting process, the built parts suffer from high chances of defects formation. Powders quality have a significant impact on the final attributes of SLM-manufactured items. From a processing standpoint, it is critical to ensure proper powder distribution and compaction in each layer of the powder bed, which is impacted by particle size distribution, packing density, flowability, and sphericity of the powder particles. Layer-by-layer study of the process can provide better understanding of the effect of powder bed on the final part quality. Image-based processing technique could be used to examine the quality of parts fabricated by Selective Laser Melting through layerwise monitoring and to evaluate the results achieved by other techniques. In this paper, a not supervised methodology based on Digital Image Processing through the build-in machine camera is proposed. Since the limitation of the optical system in terms of resolution, positioning, lighting, field-of-view, many efforts were paid to the calibration and to the data processing. Its capability to individuate possible defects on SLM parts was evaluated by a Computer Tomography results verification.
Towards a Machine Learning Pipeline in Reduced Order Modelling for Inverse Problems: Neural Networks for Boundary Parametrization, Dimensionality Reduction and Solution Manifold Approximation
Authors: Ivagnes Anna , Demo Nicola , Rozza Gianluigi
Published: February 2023

In this work, we propose a model order reduction framework to deal with inverse problems in a non-intrusive setting. Inverse problems, especially in a partial differential equation context, require a huge computational load due to the iterative optimization process. To accelerate such a procedure, we apply a numerical pipeline that involves artificial neural networks to parametrize the boundary conditions of the problem in hand, compress the dimensionality of the (full-order) snapshots, and approximate the parametric solution manifold. It derives a general framework capable to provide an ad-hoc parametrization of the inlet boundary and quickly converges to the optimal solution thanks to model order reduction. We present in this contribution the results obtained by applying such methods to two different CFD test cases.
Neural network-based reduced-order modeling for nonlinear vertical sloshing with experimental validation
Authors: Pizzoli Marco , Saltari Francesco , Coppotelli Giuliano , Mastroddi Franco
Published: February 2023

In this paper, a nonlinear reduced-order model based on neural networks is introduced in order to model vertical sloshing in presence of Rayleigh–Taylor instability of the free surface for use in fluid–structure interaction simulations. A box partially filled with water, representative of a wing tank, is first set on vertical harmonic motion via a controlled electrodynamic shaker. Accelerometers and load cells at the interface between the tank and an electrodynamic shaker are employed to train a neural network-based reduced-order model for vertical sloshing. The model is then investigated for its capacity to consistently simulate the amount of dissipation associated with vertical sloshing under different fluid dynamics regimes. The identified tank is then experimentally attached at the free end of a cantilever beam to test the effectiveness of the neural network in predicting the sloshing forces when coupled with the overall structure. The experimental free response and random seismic excitation responses are then compared with that obtained by simulating an equivalent virtual model in which the identified nonlinear reduced-order model is integrated to account for the effects of violent vertical sloshing.
Selbst eingeschätzte kognitive Glukosesensitivität: Zusammenhang mit Langzeitblutzuckerspiegel und diabetesbedingter Belastung bei Individuen mit Typ-1-Diabetes
Authors: Neukirchen Tobias , Buitkamp Larissa Franziska , Vorstius Christian
Published: February 2023

Hintergrund

Diabeteserkrankungen gehen häufig mit deutlichen Einschränkungen des psychischen Funktionsniveaus und Wohlergehens einher. Effektive Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung betroffener Personen setzt ein tiefgreifenderes Verständnis dieser Problematik voraus, welche der Interaktion psychischer und biologischer Prozesse entspringt.

Ziel der Arbeit

Die Studie soll einen Beitrag zum Verständnis leisten, inwiefern subjektiver kognitive Glukosesensitivität (kGS) mit Langzeitblutzucker (HbA1c) und diabetesbedingter Belastung bei Personen mit Diabetes Typ 1 zusammenhängen.

Material und Methoden

Im Rahmen einer Online-Studie wurden die relevanten Variablen (kGS, letzter Laborwert HbA1c, diabetesbedingte Belastung) ökonomisch mit Selbstberichtsfragebögen erfasst.

Ergebnisse

In der Stichprobe aus 354 erwachsenen Personen mit Typ-1-Diabetes (283 Frauen) fanden wir signifikante Korrelationen zwischen kGS und dem HbA1c (r[352] = 0,133, p = 0,006) sowie der diabetesbedingten Belastung (r[352] = 0,242, p < 0,001). Der HbA1c korrelierte auch signifikant mit der diabetesbedingten Belastung (r[352] = 0,223, p < 0,001).

Schlussfolgerung

Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass die kGS physiologisch bedingt ist und in Zusammenhang mit etablierten, diabetesrelevanten Messgrößen (HbA1c und diabetesbedingter Belastung) steht. Insgesamt bekräftigen die gewonnen Erkenntnisse die Notwendigkeit vertiefender Erforschung und Entwicklung zugunsten einer ganzheitlichen Versorgung von Personen mit Diabetes, dessen integraler Bestandteil das Erleben und Verhalten Betroffener ist. Langfristig könnte so geklärt werden, inwiefern die Behandlung der kGS präventiv gegen die negativen Effekte von Diabeteserkrankungen auf die Psyche wirken kann und so der Gesundheitsförderung betroffener Personen zuträglich wäre.
Access to nutrition services and information after active cancer treatment: a mixed methods study
Authors: Baguley Brenton J. , Benna-Doyle Sarah , Drake Shani , Curtis Annie , Stewart Jane , Loeliger Jenelle
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Evidence-based guidelines for cancer strongly support nutrition and dietetic services for people with cancer and carers in order to improve patient-centred and health service outcomes. Access to nutrition services and information after completing active cancer treatment is relatively unknown in Australia. This study aimed to determine the availability, accessibility, barriers, and preferences to nutrition services and information after cancer treatment in Australia.

Methods

Utilising mixed methods, people with cancer and carers completed a cross-sectional survey, and a sub-group of participants completed a semi-structured interview. The survey evaluated the availability of nutrition services, nutrition information searched, barriers, and preferences for nutrition information. Semi-structured interviews explored participant experience with nutrition services and information.

Results

The 149 participants (including 10 carers) were predominately male and with a diagnosis of prostate cancer (63%). Overall, 23% of participants received nutrition information from a dietitian after cancer treatment. Participants (78%) indicated that accessing a nutrition specialist is the main barrier to receiving nutrition care after treatment. Most searched nutrition information on the internet (55%) and found the information easy to understand (89%), but conflicting (52%). Thematic analysis of interviews in fourteen cancer patients revealed three key themes pertaining to (1) preferred referral and timing of nutrition services, (2) lack of confidence in publicly available nutrition information, and (3) streamlining nutrition services for greater access.

Conclusion

Access to a dietitian and evidence-based information after cancer treatment is limited for people with cancer and carers in Australia, despite the high interest and need for ongoing nutrition care.

Implications for Cancer Survivors

Models of care evaluating the provision of appropriate nutrition care and information provision after cancer treatment are needed to address this unmet survivorship need.
Identification of Chromatin Regulatory Factors Related to Immunity and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Xiong Fengzhen , Li Chenglong , Wang Qingbo , Geng Xin , Yuan Zhengbo , Li Zefu
Published: February 2023

Alzheimer’s disease is one of the common neurodegenerative diseases in the elderly, which mainly manifests as progressively severe cognitive impairment, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. Chromatin regulators have been shown to be associated with a variety of biological processes, and we mainly explore the relationship between chromatin regulators and Alzheimer’s disease. Eight hundred seventy chromatin regulators were collected from previous studies, and data related to Alzheimer’s disease patients were downloaded from the GEO database. Finally, we screened chromatin regulators related to Alzheimer's disease immunity, established prediction models, and screened related drugs and miRNAs. We screened 160 differentially expressed CRs, constructed an interaction network, obtained 10 hub genes, successfully constructed a prediction model based on immune-related 5 CRs, and obtained 520 related drugs and 3 related miRNA, which provided an idea for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Our study identified 5 chromatin regulators related to Alzheimer’s disease, which are expected to be new targets for Alzheimer’s disease immunotherapy.
The economic impact of COVID-19 on the creative industries: a sub-regional input–output approach
Authors: Lyons Matthew S.
Published: February 2023

The creative industries are a strategically important sector for the Cardiff Capital Region (CCR) which houses large public sector broadcasters and an ecosystem of IT and software businesses. The CCR is an administrative boundary in Wales which captures just under half of the Welsh population but over half of the Welsh economy. The pandemic and resultant lockdown restrictions have had profound impacts on the creative industries, a sector which depends heavily on in-person interaction. The creative industries are not one homogenous sector, but a collection of different activities some of which faced different supply and demand conditions due to the COVID-19 shock. To understand the impact of the shock in fine inter-industry detail and at a sub-regional scale an input–output table for the Cardiff Capital Region (the CCRC-IO) is utilized. The CCRC-IO estimates that the direct, indirect, and induced impacts of the shock see output fall by £457 m (0.53% of CCR output), GVA by £147 m (0.58% of CCR GVA) and FTE employment by 2416 (0.58% of CCR FTE). The paper finds that the economic impact of the COVID-19 shock varies considerably by both geography and sub-sector.
Differentiating Between Youth with a History of Suicidal Thoughts, Plans, and Attempts
Authors: Rivers Alannah Shelby , Winston-Lindeboom Payne , Atte Tita , Rosen Perri , Wintersteen Matt , Watkins Nicole Kathleen , Tien Allen , Diamond Guy
Published: February 2023

Limited research has examined factors distinguishing between patterns of adolescent suicidal thoughts and behaviors. The current study examined demographic, school, family, and mental health differences across patterns identified by Romanelli and colleagues (2022): history of thoughts only, plans with thoughts, attempt with thoughts and/or plans, and attempt without thoughts. The current study includes 4,233 students (Mage = 14.65 years, SD = 2.06) with a history of suicide risk referred to school Student Assistance Program teams. The sample was approximately 60.7% female, 59.8% White (16.0% Black, 15.4% multiracial, 8.8% other), and 14.4% Hispanic. Results indicated that the “attempt without thoughts” group was small with no differentiating characteristics. However, membership in the other three groups was predicted by demographic, school, family, and mental health factors. These results support the importance of examining suicidal thoughts, plans, and attempts as distinct indicators and assessing key biopsychosocial factors. Further research could improve how behavioral health systems identify at risk youth.
„Dysconcious ableism“ und hochschuldidaktische Exklusionspotenziale
Authors: Grenier Michelle , Giese Martin
Published: February 2023

Dieses Essay wirft einen kritischen Blick auf die universitäre Sportlehrkräfteausbildung im Kontext der Inklusion in Deutschland und den USA. Kernthese ist, dass die Sportlehrkräfteausbildung durch unreflektierte ableistische Grundannahmen geprägt ist und zur Reproduktion ableistischer Praktiken sowie zu den umfangreichen negativen Erfahrungen beiträgt, die Schülerinnen und Schüler mit Behinderung im (inklusiven) Sportunterricht machen. Das weitgehende Fehlen eines ableismkritischen Diskurses innerhalb der universitären Sportlehrkräfteausbildung behindert angehende Sportlehrkräfte dabei, Schülerinnen und Schülern mit Behinderung inklusionssensibel zu begegnen. Hochschullehrende messen der Aufgabe zu wenig Gewicht bei, die eigene Abhängigkeit von binären Kategorisierungen nach dem Muster behindert vs. nichtbehindert sowie die eigene Abhängigkeit von ableistischen Prägungen kritisch zu hinterfragen. In einer konstruktiven Wendung geben wir Hinweise zur Modifikation der universitären Sportlehrkräfteausbildung, die nach unserer Vorstellung eine diversitätssensible Betrachtung von Behinderung unterstützt und angehenden Lehrkräften hilft, differente Körper angemessen zu adressieren.
Interfacial tension of tri-ethylene glycol-water mixtures in carbon dioxide at elevated pressures
Authors: Ibeh S. , Jaeger P.
Published: February 2023

The study of interfacial tension (IFT) of fluid/liquid systems is vital to optimize the design and operation of liquid-fluid contactors, and in this case, the design and performance of carbon dioxide (CO2) dehydration by absorption using tri-ethylene glycol (TEG). Several studies on improving CO2 dehydration with an absorption column containing TEG focused on system simulation and modeling but so far neglect the impact of interfacial tension of TEG–CO2 on the overall system performance. This study analyzes the interfacial tension, fluid mixture densities and drop volumes of TEG and TEG + water in CO2 medium. The pendant drop and the oscillating u-tube methods with a high-pressure densitometer were used to measure the IFT and the mixture densities of TEG–CO2 and TEG + water–CO2, respectively, at temperatures ranging from 10 °C to 50 °C and pressures up to 250 bars. The saturated TEG–CO2 and TEG + water–CO2 densities were used to evaluate the IFT from recorded drop profiles. The static IFT of TEG–CO2 shows a strongly decreasing trend from above 40 mN/m to less than 5 mN/m as the pressure increases up to 250 bars at a constant temperature (30 °C) but strongly increases by a factor of nearly 6 as the temperature is raised from 10 °C to 50 °C at a fixed pressure of 70 bars. The same trend is observed for IFT of TEG–water–CO2, although a slight increase in IFT $$(\sim$$

(
∼

2 mN/m) is observed due a water content of 5 wt% which would have a negative effect on the mass transfer efficiency. Conversely, a lower interfacial tension at higher pressures and lower temperatures favors the formation of a larger interface which is advantageous for mass transfer. Dynamic IFT of TEG–CO2 attains a constant after around 5 min at 70 bars and 50 °C while the drop volume increases leveling off after 10 min corresponding to a volumetric expansion of nearly 14% which corresponds to a CO2 solubility in TEG of 14%. The drop volume of a pendant drop at higher pressures hardly depends on temperature due to the superposed counteracting effects of a slightly increasing buoyancy and slightly dropping IFT. For a process design, static values of IFT can be applied with a reasonable precision, e.g., for using We-correlations to estimate drop sizes.
Health and wellbeing implications of adaptation to flood risk
Authors: Quinn Tara , Heath Stacey , Adger W. Neil , Abu Mumuni , Butler Catherine , Codjoe Samuel Nii Ardey , Horvath Csaba , Martinez-Juarez Pablo , Morrissey Karyn , Murphy Conor , Smith Richard
Published: February 2023

Adaptation strategies to ameliorate the impacts of climate change are increasing in scale and scope around the world, with interventions becoming a part of daily life for many people. Though the implications of climate impacts for health and wellbeing are well documented, to date, adaptations are largely evaluated by financial cost and their effectiveness in reducing risk. Looking across different forms of adaptation to floods, we use existing literature to develop a typology of key domains of impact arising from interventions that are likely to shape health and wellbeing. We suggest that this typology can be used to assess the health consequences of adaptation interventions more generally and argue that such forms of evaluation will better support the development of sustainable adaptation planning.
Estimating and Mapping Extreme Ice Accretion Hazard and Load Due to Freezing Rain at Canadian Sites
Authors: Sheng Chao , Tang Qian , Hong H. P.
Published: February 2023

The ice accretion load in Canadian structural design codes is developed based on an operational ice accretion prediction model. In the present study, three models are employed to predict the ice accretion amount on a flat surface and horizontal wire at Canadian sites. The results confirm that the model used by Canadian practice for predicting ice accretion leads to a conservative estimate as compared to the remaining two models. The results also indicate that the use of the Gumbel distribution for the annual maximum ice accretion is adequate for regions prone to ice accretion and that the lognormal distribution may be considered for regions with a moderate or negligible amount of ice accretion. Maps of the ice accretion hazard at five selected Canadian sites are developed. Statistical analysis of an equivalent wind speed that is concurrent with the iced wire is carried out, showing that the concurrent wind speed for the 50-year return period value of the annual maximum ice accretion amount is smaller than the 50-year return period value of the annual maximum wind speed. It is shown that the statistical characteristics of the annual maximum concurrent wind speed on iced wire differ from that of the annual maximum wind speed.
Vibration Analysis of the Base Structure Supporting a Centrifuge–Motor Assembly in a Petroleum Oil Refinery
Authors: Devaraj Ashwin Kumar , Adhikari Raviraja
Published: February 2023

A structure carrying a centrifuge and motor in a petroleum oil refinery has been vibrating above the alarm limit of vibration. This has been a recurring problem. The maintenance work undertaken at regular intervals on the basis of time waveform and spectrum analysis could provide only a temporary solution. To investigate the causes of vibration above the acceptable limits, pre-stressed modal analysis of the structure was undertaken by using Finite Element Analysis software ANSYS™ and natural frequencies and mode shapes were extracted. Pre-stressing was done by considering the self-weight of the structure, centrifuge and motor. The structure was analyzed using a combination of beam elements, shell elements and mass elements. The operating deflection shape (ODS) technique which helps to observe the deflection pattern of structure in real time at operating or other frequencies from the measured vibration data was employed to validate the analytical results. ME’scopeVES™ software employing the ODS technique was used in this work. Analytical results obtained from ANSYS™ software are compared well with the ODS test results. The analysis of analytical and experimental results has revealed that the structure was operating in the resonance band.
Should We be Concerned with Nicotine in Sport? Analysis from 60,802 Doping Control Tests in Italy
Authors: Zandonai Thomas , Botrè Francesco , Abate Maria Gabriella , Peiró Ana María , Mündel Toby
Published: February 2023

Background

Nicotine is a psychostimulant drug with purported use in sports environments, though the use of nicotine among athletes has not been studied extensively.

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess the nicotine positivity rate in 60,802 anti-doping urine samples from 2012 to 2020.

Methods

Urine samples obtained in-competition at different national and international sports events held in Italy during the period 2012–2020 were analysed. All samples were from anonymous athletes that were collected and analysed at the WADA-accredited antidoping laboratory in Rome, Italy. Samples were analysed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, with a cut-off concentration for nicotine of > 50 ng/mL. Results were stratified by year, sport and sex.

Results

An overall mean of 22.7% of the samples (n = 13,804; males: n = 11,099; females: n = 2705) showed nicotine intake, with male samples also displaying higher positivity rates than female (24.1% vs 18.5%). Sample positivity was higher during 2012–2014 (25–33%) than 2015–2020 (15–20%). Samples from team sports displayed a higher positivity rate than those from individual sports (31.4 vs 14.1%).

Conclusions

The current data demonstrates that one in five samples from a range of 90 sports test positive for nicotine in-competition. There is a lower positivity rate in endurance versus power/strength athletes and higher positivity rate in team versus individual sports, probably accounted for by differences in physiological and psychological demands and the desire for socialisation. WADA, international and national sports federations should consider these findings with concern, proactively investigate this phenomenon and act in order to protect the health and welfare of its athletes.
Informal creditors and sovereign debt restructuring
Authors: Ghosal Sayantan , Thomas Dania
Published: February 2023

A conventional view of sovereign debt restructuring suggests that costly sovereign debt restructuring is required to lower the interest rate charged on it. In the presence of a negative external shock, under certain conditions, we show that (a) debt restructuring leads to interim social welfare gains and ex ante efficiency gains, (b) participation by citizens will lead to efficient debt restructuring. Using our results, we discuss provide a normative case for the proposed UNCTAD Roadmap.
Systematic quantitative literature review of the dialogic pedagogy literature
Authors: Laird-Gentle Alexandra , Larkin Kevin , Kanasa Harry , Grootenboer Peter
Published: February 2023

This systematic quantitative literature review was conducted to analyse and synthesise the extant corpus of knowledge on dialogic pedagogy within school settings, and thus identify theoretical and methodological gaps in the literature, which might suggest new avenues for research. A search of eight databases (2014–2020) revealed an initial pool of 2443 papers, which was reduced to 61 after screening for eligibility. An analysis of the 61 papers was framed around the following questions: What is the dominant mode of classroom discourse (monologic or dialogic) reported in the literature? Where is dialogic pedagogy being researched? Who are the dominant voices in the field? and Which year levels and school subjects have been examined using which methodologies? A key finding of the analysis was the absence of substantial research by Australian or New Zealand authors, specifically where mathematics education is concerned. Similarly, there is little investigation focusing on the early years of schooling. While some education areas have been well researched with regard to dialogic pedagogy, further work is required that focuses on areas such as the early years of schooling; non-science contexts; and the use of qualitative research methods.