bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forensic Settings and Juvenile Justice
Authors: Herrera Carolina , Kubik Joanna , Docherty Meagan , Boxer Paul
Published: November 2018

The National Center for Juvenile Justice estimated that 54,000 juveniles are held in out-of-home placements daily and indicated that in 2013, over 31 million youth were under juvenile court jurisdiction. Detainment of juveniles often triggers or exacerbates mental health issues. The breadth and depth of the juvenile justice system means that there are several different points at which clinical psychologists and other mental health professionals might serve youth within the system. The most effective intervention approaches tend to rely on cognitive behavioral strategies, behavioral skill development and generalization, and family involvement. For clinicians wishing to enter the juvenile justice field, it is important to understand the goals of the juvenile justice system, how this system was established, and how its structures and processes affect involved youth.
Suite Lessons: Pointers for Private Practitioners
Authors: Friedberg Robert D. , Thordarson Micaela A.
Published: November 2018

Electing to enter private practice as a clinical child psychologist poses a variety of unique challenges. Private practice clinicians (PPCs) are mental health care providers as well as small business owners and must thus cultivate success in both roles in order to remain relevant. In a saturated marketplace, PPCs must distinguish themselves. Clinically, PPCs who deliver evidence-based care and who monitor progress with clear, objective measures are able to gain a competitive marketplace edge. Membership in professional organizations provides easy connections to cutting edge research as well as a broad referral network. Diversification of revenue streams allows PPCs flexibility in practice and affords increased financial security. Establishing a marketing plan sets up PPCs for success and creates an explicit framework from which to launch business efforts. Although it stretches PPCs’ comfort zones, clinicians are compelled to become business savvy in order to thrive.
Taking the Cake
Authors: George-Graves Nadine
Published: November 2018

The cakewalk represents one of the most important sites of competition in African-American dance history, as indicated in one of its original names, the prize walk. An examination of the cakewalk, along with tap, disco, and breaking, for example, reveals crucial insight into the development of race and class in the United States. Using primary and secondary historical sources, as well as critical race theory, this chapter analyzes the significance of competition in a number of salient cakewalk settings and argues that the political economy that develops around cakewalk competition alters our definitions of terms such as currency, value, and worth.
Miss Exotic World
Authors: Regehr Kaitlyn
Published: November 2018

Neo-burlesque has been praised by dance scholarship as a body positive, feminist, safe space that has celebrated difference and argued for a broader spectrum of beauty, gender representation, and orientation. Since the inception of the movement, performers have made the pilgrimage to the Burlesque Hall of Fame pageant, and now claim titles such as Best Troupe, the King of Boylesque, and Miss Exotic World. Utilizing an ethnographic methodology, by way of participant observation and interview data, this chapter examines the author’s experience of serving as a judge at this pageant. It analyzes performers’ efforts to “authentically” recreate this mid-twentieth-century form of exotic dance and argues that such attempts can perpetuate historic prejudices with regard to body size, sexual orientation, and race. Additionally, it suggests that the process of competition often normalizes and regulates this inclusive performance practice, and is fundamentally at odds with the supposed philosophies of the neo-burlesque community.
Rapper Dance Adjudication
Authors: Carter-Gordon Jeremy
Published: November 2018

This chapter examines the perspective of sword dance judges at the Dancing England Rapper Tournament. Using a form of video-assisted interview, strategies and patterns of adjudication and aesthetic evaluation are revealed as constituting different fundamental understandings of dance, shared by groups of judges and related to cultural and dance backgrounds. The content and timing of judges’ comments about rapper dances are charted, creating “temporal-aesthetic maps” that are used to reveal underlying cultural conceptions of the performance by comparing “aesthetically dense” moments with unmarked periods of time. This methodology allows the act of adjudication to be divided into four separate processes: expectation-setting, perception, interpretation, and decision-making, by which judges transform an ephemeral, aesthetic experience into scores for competitors.
Not Another Don Quixote!
Authors: McLelland Rowan
Published: November 2018

This chapter discusses international ballet competitions through exploring their contributions to ballet as a transnational practice. It provides an ethnographic account, specifically focused on the multilayered significance of competing for aspiring dancers in the People’s Republic of China, in addition to assessing the role of competitions in the broader institution of ballet in China. The chapter investigates the value found in engaging with ballet competitions in terms of physical, social, economic, and political capital. It explores how value operates differently for individual competitors, dance teachers, training institutions, and even nations, both within China and in the rest of the world, to indicate the significance of competitions as a contributing factor to China’s increasing status in ballet more widely.
Loss of Face
Authors: Dodds Sherril
Published: November 2018

Although hip-hop battles produce “winners,” these competitions also produce “losers” who fail to make it through to the next round or win the overall contest. This chapter argues that the face plays a significant role both in strategizing toward victory and in revealing loss. The research arises from an ethnographic study of hip-hop dancers in the Philadelphia area, and examines the deployment of the face as a choreographic tool in the dance battle. Within these contests, dancers utilize the face to provoke embodied modes of intimidation and derision to support their desire to win; however, they also conceive the face as a legible marker of weakness and loss. The chapter draws upon hip-hop and sports scholarship to explore how dancers negotiate the competition paradigm and concludes that a “loss of face” becomes an essential component of battle knowledge.
Cinematic Journeys to the Source
Authors: Beckley-Roberts Lisa Osunleti
Published: November 2018

“Cinematic Journeys to the Source: Music Repatriation to Africa in Film” critically explores four documentary films that feature the repatriation of a musician or group of musicians to Africa. More specifically, it asserts that for these artists, their music has created the opportunity for both them and their audience to collectively remember an African past and either consciously or subconsciously is the metaphorical site of repatriation before the physical travel takes place. The author argues that music communities emotionally repatriate through their participation in music making and that in turn makes physical repatriation possible. The chapter makes these points by exploring the concepts of memory, identity, and performance of ethnicity. The films, They Are We, by Emma Christopher; Throw Down Your Heart, starring Béla Fleck, by Sascha Paladino; Feel Like Going Home, which stars Corey Harris, by Martin Scorsese; and Search for the Everlasting Coconut Tree, starring and directed by Adimu Madyun are reviewed based on their contribution to the ongoing dialogue about the negotiation of relationships between Africans and African Americans, perceived healing of the trauma of the trans-Atlantic trade of enslaved people and the lasting effects of it, and the role that music has played in pursuit of achievement of these goals.
Water and Food in the American West
Authors: Medellín-Azuara Josué , Lund Jay , Sumner Daniel A.
Published: November 2018

The American West, the last region in the continental United States to be developed for extensive agriculture, is characterized by a wide range of biomes including arid, and semiarid regions, forest, and coastline. In its less water-rich places, this has forced the development of water supply infrastructure for agriculture and cities. The American West rapidly became an agricultural powerhouse to the United States and a major exporter of agricultural commodities in global economy. This chapter reviews agriculture in the western United States, followed by a short review of major western water issues for agriculture, including surface water shortages from drought and persistent groundwater overdraft. The California 2012–2016 drought is used as a case study to identify lessons for future food and fiber production in California, the western United States, and globally.
Israel and the Palestinians
Authors: Sela Avraham
Published: November 2018

Israel’s theory and practice in the conflict with the Palestinians since the beginning of the Zionist enterprise reveals continued striving for secure and exclusive Jewish national territorial sovereignty over historic Palestine while disregarding Palestinians’ collective political rights and claims to the same territory. Nonetheless, changing regional and international constraints brought Israeli decision makers to shift their strategies in coping with the Palestinian political/military challenges to the country’s security and international legitimacy. This chapter analyzes Israel’s shifting policies toward the Palestinians, from long-term denial and military responses to negotiated agreements and tense coexistence with a self-governing Palestinian authority in the West Bank and Gaza Strip since the 1993 Oslo accords. Since that period, however, the collapse of the Oslo process in the year 2000 and consequent Palestinian uprising, the increased role of religion in the conflict on both the Israeli and Palestinian sides, Israel’s insistence on continuing its overall domination of the Palestinian territories, and the stalemated diplomatic process all underline the narrowing options for bringing this conflict to any peaceful end.
Neuroendocrinological Models of Stress and Psychopathology
Authors: Lopez-Duran Nestor L. , Micol Valerie J. , Roberts Andrea
Published: November 2018

Neuroendocrine systems play a critical role in modulating biological, cognitive, and affective responses to stress. Not surprisingly, variability in neuroendocrine functioning, and particularly the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, has been extensively linked to stress-related mental health disorders. This chapter examines the potential mechanisms that underlie this link and the conceptual challenges that must be addressed in order to advance a more cohesive neuroendocrine model of stress-related psychopathology. To this end, the chapter first explores the various sources of variability in neuroendocrine responses to stress, including individual differences in neural networks and neuroendocrine systems, as well as contextual factors, such as characteristics of the stressors and personality traits. The chapter then examines potential proximal and distal mechanisms that link variability in neuroendocrine functioning to the risk for onset, phenomenology, and course of stress-related disorders, including depression and posttraumatic stress disorder.
Translational Control Through the EIF4E Binding Proteins in the Brain
Authors: Aguilar-Valles Argel , Matta-Camacho Edna , Sonenberg Nahum
Published: November 2018

Translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) into protein (protein synthesis) is a highly regulated process that controls gene expression. Various signaling pathways, including the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), control mRNA translation at the initiation step. mTOR is part of a multi-subunit complex that regulates mRNA translation initiation by phosphorylating and inactivating the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding proteins (4E-BPs). 4E-BPs are a central mechanism in the control of cap-dependent translation in the brain. This chapter reviews the involvement of the 4E-BPs, particularly 4E-BP2, in brain development and synaptic transmission. Furthermore, it discusses the involvement of 4E-BP2 in autistic-like alterations, learning and memory, circadian rhythm regulation, and its roles in the pathophysiology and treatment of psychiatric (depressive disorders, schizophrenia) and neurodegenerative disorders (Parkinson’s).
Value and Class
Authors: Freeman Alan
Published: November 2018

This chapter studies Marx’s theory of class, with particular reference to Volume III, often misunderstood as a narrowly “economic” work, where the full power of Marx’s theory of value becomes apparent as he applies it to merchants, money owners, and landowners. A class, for Marx, is defined by a type of property, in contrast to modern social theory which defines classes by income or status. Each special type of property generates a type of revenue such as interest or rent. In contrast to neoclassical economics this revenue is not the price of a “factor of production” but an entitlement, conferred on a property owner by the rights which society grants, and drawn from the general pool of surplus-value created by labor. These classes, notably finance, are thus neither distortions of capitalism nor pre-capitalist survivals; they are the product of capitalism itself, and the site therefore of its most explosive contradictions.
Towards a Marxist Theory of Financialized Capitalism
Authors: Powell Jeff
Published: November 2018

In the rapid growth of the literature on financialization, the term risks becoming meaningless (“take x, add finance”). This article first reviews this literature, highlighting characteristic empirical features at the macroeconomic level and their variegation across different institutional contexts, then turning to meso- and micro-level multidisciplinary studies of how processes of financialization have manifest in the transformed behavior of firms, states, and households, as well as in the changing mode of provision of public services and the appropriation of the commons. Marxist attempts to theorize the essences of financialization are examined and found wanting. Two proposals are made in the spirit of advancing this project. First, financialization as cyclical process must be disentangled from financialized capitalism as secular stage. Second, it is argued that the emergence of financialized capitalism as a new stage within mature capitalism is linked with the central role played by finance in the internationalization of the circuit of production.
Capital
Authors: Kliman Andrew
Published: November 2018

This chapter explicates Marx’s concept of capital and highlights its centrality to his book Capital, arguing that Capital is specifically about capital, not all of capitalist society. In Marx’s conception, capital has two forms, money and means of production, but capital itself is the process of self-expansion of value, or valorization. The commodity fetish and subsumption of labor under capital are explored in relation to this. Employing Marx’s concept of the circuit of capital, the chapter considers his theory that value self-expands by extracting surplus labor and his understanding of the reproduction and accumulation of capital. It also argues that failure to rigorously respect the difference between constant capital and the value of means of production is one source of allegations that Marx’s value theory and falling-rate-of-profit theory are logically inconsistent or incorrect. Finally, his theory of surplus-value is compared to the view that interest is a “return to capital.”
Multimodal Inputs to the Cochlear Nucleus and their Role in the Generation of Tinnitus
Authors: Shore Susan E. , Martel David T.
Published: November 2018

As the first brain station in the auditory neuraxis, the cochlear nucleus integrates information from the cochlea with multimodal information from somatosensory ganglia and brainstem nuclei, as well as motor systems. Fusiform cells in the dorsal division of the cochlear nucleus receive auditory nerve fiber synapses on their basal dendrites and multimodal synapses on their apical dendrites via granule-cell axons. Multimodal integration in fusiform cells is modified by inhibitory interneurons in a cerebellar-like arrangement. Like other cerebellar-like brain circuits, fusiform cells exhibit spike-timing-dependent plasticity, or STDP, which is reflected in vivo as stimulus-timing-dependent plasticity or StDP. This chapter describes how fusiform-cell circuitry uses STDP to process multisensory information. StDP disruption results in tinnitus, or phantom sound perception, which can be alleviated through circuit modulation to restore normal plasticity.
J. G. A. Pocock, The Machiavellian Moment
Authors: Nacol Emily C.
Published: November 2018

In The Machiavellian Moment, J. G. A. Pocock shows how Niccolò Machiavelli and other Florentine political thinkers adapted Aristotelian and Polybian insights to create a paradigm of republican political thought that was sensitive to the problem of stabilizing civic virtue against inevitable political decay in time. This republican paradigm, he famously insists, traveled to eighteenth-century Anglo-American contexts via the work of James Harrington and helped political thinkers make sense of two seemingly disparate events—the rise of finance in Britain and the American Revolution—in civic republican terms. Pocock’s insistence that The Machiavellian Moment is a work of history does not negate its contributions to political theory. First, it is a significant text for political theorists who attend to the role of language and discourse in political thinking, although the Pocockian approach bears limitations worth acknowledging. Second, Pocock’s work is critical to the republican revival in contemporary political theory, because he centers and defends Florentine and Anglo-American republicanisms as political discourses worthy of scholarly attention. Lastly, The Machiavellian Moment appears, in hindsight, as a foundational text for scholarship in the history of political economy, particularly the pre-history of finance and credit.
The Anglican Parish Sermons
Authors: Duffy Eamon
Published: November 2018

Newman is widely recognized as the greatest preacher in nineteenth-century England, and his Parochial and Plain Sermons as one of the ‘Classics of Western Spirituality’. But although individual sermons have been quarried for the light they throw on Newman’s own religious and intellectual development, studies of the sermons as a whole have tended to treat them a-historically, as an homogenous body of spiritual teaching. Both Newman’s own contemporaries and most subsequent interpreters have assumed or insisted on the allegedly timeless, non-controversial, and universal appeal of his preaching. This chapter, drawing both on the Parochial Sermons and on the large body of Anglican sermons which Newman left unpublished in his lifetime, questions such readings. It seeks to characterize the nine collections of sermons Newman published between 1834 and 1843, and to replace them within their specific contexts in Newman’s own life, and in the unfolding of the Tractarian Movement.
Sensus Fidelium
Authors: King Benjamin J.
Published: November 2018

Sensus and consensus fidelium, the people’s sense of and consent to the faith, are ancient rhetorical tropes. The use of these tropes was also rhetorical for John Henry Newman. First, as an Anglican he shaped such rhetoric to portray the laity as bolsters to the bishops. Second, as a Roman Catholic he shaped it to promote the laity in the eyes of the bishops, most famously in ‘On Consulting the Faithful in Matters of Doctrine’. This chapter explores his writings on the role and voice of the laity to see how he used this rhetoric, before turning to the reception of these writings in the Roman Catholic and Anglican communions, including Vatican II, the Lambeth Conference, and Pope Francis.
Ecumenism, Mariology, and the Papacy
Authors: Chapman Mark D.
Published: November 2018

This chapter begins with an assessment of Newman as one of the most important influences behind the Second Vatican Council, before moving on to discuss his contributions to ecumenism, or ‘reunion’ as it was usually called, in his own time. After showing how he remained opposed to what he regarded as the system of ‘papalism’ in his Anglican years, even as late as 1841, the chapter moves on to analyse his contribution to the debates of the 1860s that had been sparked by Edward Bouverie Pusey’s response to Henry Manning’s attacks on the Anglican Church of his baptism. Newman in turn responded to Pusey’s Eirenicon which led to a lengthy correspondence and two further volumes from Pusey. The subject-matter, which focused on the doctrines of Mary as well as papal infallibility, revealed important differences between the two former Tractarians. Where Pusey regarded the teachings of the Church as settled and fixed in the written traditions grounded in the early Church, Newman held that Christian life and practice were equally important and were open to change and development. Although the declaration of infallibility scuppered ecumenism for many decades, the debates between Pusey and Newman reveal an openness and sympathy for one another’s opinion that paved the way for a future after Vatican II in which mutual respect would flourish.
Epistemology
Authors: Aquino Frederick D.
Published: November 2018

Two crucial epistemological issues that preoccupied Newman were the conditions under which Christian belief can be considered rational and the intellectual contours of forming a connected view. His approach homes in on the informal and cumulative nature of reasoning, the role of personal judgement in assessing evidence, and the broadening of one’s intellectual horizons. This chapter also draws attention to an important epistemological question about how the illative sense, as a kind of personal judgement, provides the relevant means to adjudicate one’s own judgement in the midst of other illations. It concludes with three areas that deserve further epistemological attention and development: the role of commitment in forming rational beliefs, the social dimension of the illative sense, and the place of Newman in the modern story of epistemology.
Conscience
Authors: Merrigan Terrence , Zuijdwegt Geertjan
Published: November 2018

This chapter contributes in two ways to a better understanding of the theme of conscience in the thought of John Henry Newman. First, it offers a genealogical account of the formation of Newman’s idea of conscience between his adolescent conversion and the eve of the Tractarian Movement—a period of profound development that has often been misrepresented. Second, it provides a systematic account of Newman’s understanding of conscience as a Roman Catholic. It elaborates on the role of conscience in the development of religious subjectivity, and on its role in the public realm, where it is confronted with the authority of Church and state.
Historiography
Authors: Parker Kenneth
Published: November 2018

Newman continues to influence Christian historiography in theological discourse, but his legacy is confusing because his writings promote three conflicting metanarratives of the Christian past. In order to appreciate his influence as an ‘authoritative voice’ in appropriating the Christian past, it is crucial to understand what these metanarratives are, how Newman used them in his role as a controversialist as an Anglican and later as a Roman Catholic, and the diverse ways in which Newman’s example is invoked in twenty-first-century theological discourse to promote incompatible appeals to Christianity’s historical legacy.
Introduction
Authors: Aquino Frederick D. , King Benjamin J.
Published: November 2018

This Handbook seeks to explore John Henry Newman with critical appreciation and to assess the large amount of secondary literature. In so doing, it does not intend to protect his legacy but to examine his life, writings, thought, and significance from the different perspectives and disciplines of philosophy, theology, history, education, and literature. Newman himself thought that the attempt to acquire a deeper understanding of things called for more than a single disciplinary perspective. Although a scholar in any particular field works within her boundaries, it is engagement across those boundaries that the present volume seeks to promote while at the same time providing a critical engagement with current scholarship in specific fields. The Handbook does not seek to merge incommensurable readings of Newman into a governing viewpoint and no particular school of thought is privileged. Instead, the volume reflects a broad range of perspectives and methodological assumptions to move all towards deeper understanding.
Brothers
Authors: Schellenberg Richardson Ann Margaret
Published: November 2018

This chapter compares the life story of John Henry Newman with that of his brothers, Charles Robert and Francis William. Although there is little left of Charles’ story to tell, the three men present three different responses to a Victorian faith crisis. Whereas John embraced the tradition and rituals of the Roman Catholic Church, Francis found fulfilment in social action as well as his academic career, and eventually found his spiritual home among Unitarians. Charles became an atheist. Although Charles never achieved any sort of renown, he ultimately lived a life of the mind by the beach in Wales.
Evangelicals
Authors: Atkins Gareth
Published: November 2018

For perhaps a decade between 1816 and 1826, Newman counted himself an Evangelical. Precisely what that meant has been obscured by his own later reflections, and by biographers interested more in his spiritual destination than his starting point. This chapter situates Newman within the Anglican Evangelical movement of the 1810s and 20s, a milieu more diverse and integrated into the Church of England than many accounts imply. The first section considers his youthful reading: Thomas Scott, Joseph Milner, and others. The second considers his opinions in the 1820s, arguing that his move away from Evangelicalism was less a reaction against ‘vital religion’ than an intensification of its moralistic, biblicist, and even apocalyptic strands. The third examines the 1830s, arguing that Newman’s assault on ‘the religion of the day’ should not be allowed to obscure his appreciation of holiness wherever it was to be found, or his efforts to harness Evangelical zeal in the Tractarian project.
The Life-World of Persons with Mood Disorders
Authors: Fuchs Thomas
Published: November 2018

This chapter analyzes mood disorders as disorders of implicit and explicit temporality. First, depression is conceived (a) as a desynchronization from intersubjective time, (b) as an inhibition of conation or basic drive. The inhibition results in a disturbance of cyclical bodily functions and in a retardation of lived time, manifested both in a loss of the future as a space of possibilities, and in a predomincance of the past in the form of accumulated guilt. Depressive delusions may then be described as beliefs which result from the freezing of self-temporalization and which resist an intersubjective alignment of perspectives. Further considerations are given to chronic depression and mania, the latter being described as the opposite type of desynchronization as compared to depression, namely an acceleration and partial decoupling of the inner time from the world time. Finally, consequences for a “resynchronizing therapy” are outlined.
Intergenerational Solidarity
Authors: Silverstein Merril
Published: November 2018

This chapter reviews the history and evolution of the intergenerational solidarity paradigm, a model for representing and understanding interpersonal relationships between adult generations in the family. Solidarity has resonance with the dualisms found in positive psychology in its representation of both negative and positive polarities in intergenerational relationships, as well as the co-occurrence of cohesion and friction in these relationships. Specifically, the following underlying dualities of solidarity are discussed: (1) latent solidarity and manifest solidarity, (2) emotional closeness in relation to conflict and the concept of ambivalence, and (3) within-family differentiation in solidarity based on favoritism and generational position. Research questions for the future are posed at the conclusion.
Virtue and Catholic Moral Theology
Authors: Melina Livio
Published: November 2018

This chapter considers the possibility of a Catholic ethics based on the notion of virtue. Although the notion of virtue has been much discussed in recent years, and was central to early Christian ethics, for much of modernity it was a neglected concept in Catholic moral theology. After considering the shift that has again brought the concept of virtue to prominence, the chapter assesses different current models for virtue ethics. The remainder of the chapter argues for a contemporary Thomistic model of virtue ethics, arguing that St Thomas offers the most philosophically coherent model, and one that is also Christologically focused.
Origen and Augustine
Authors: Ayres Lewis
Published: November 2018

At the foundation of Catholic theology are to be found Origen of Alexandria and Augustine of Hippo. They are so foundational not, most importantly, because of their positions on particular theological questions, but because of their conception of theological thinking itself. Both articulate accounts of the role of attention to Scripture and the use of philosophical reasoning that are formative in the centuries that follow. Both thinkers were original geniuses who also represent the approach of earlier Christian traditions. Widespread controversy over Origen’s thought throughout the Christian world means that Augustine’s conception of theology can also be understood as something of a corrective to his predecessor (even if this is often unconscious).
THE Theology of the Body
Authors: Granados José
Published: November 2018

This chapter outlines and defends the theology of the body that has been developed following the famous series of Wednesday catecheses offered by Pope St John Paul II. The chapter emphasizes three themes at the heart of the Theology of the Body. First, a vision, following Gaudium et Spes 22 that places Christ and the Incarnation at the core of the interpretation of humanity and society. Second, a vision of the human body that makes it possible to describe human existence in the light of love and to recover the theological significance of the notion of ‘experience’. Third, a corresponding anthropology of love that offers the key to the Christian vision of God, humanity, and the world; this anthropology of love is centred in the family relationships, as the privileged place where God reveals himself.
Text Segmentation
Authors: Mikheev Andrei
Published: November 2018

Electronic text is essentially just a sequence of characters, but the majority of text processing tools operate in terms of linguistic units such as words and sentences. Tokenization is a process of segmenting text into words, and sentence splitting is the process of determining sentence boundaries in the text. In this chapter we describe major challenges for text tokenization and sentence splitting in different languages, and outline various computational approaches to tackling them.
Sound Desires
Authors: Taylor Jodie
Published: November 2018

Music and sound can signify sexual desire and arouse sexual desire. Auditory stimulation can become a fetish, and “auralism” can be understood as a form of queerness. This chapter, based on participant-observer research in online kink communities, sketches an account of auralism or auditory fetishism, rarely studied in comparison to other fetishes. The example of auralism shows the limitations of Freud’s vision-based account of fetishism as disavowal of castration. While Freud believed that only men could be fetishists, attention to auralism shows that female fetishists are abundant (as do many other examples that contradict Freud’s claim). Recent musicological discussions of violence, pleasure, mastery, and control in music listening point toward further BDSM-linked aspects of auralism.
The Philosophy of Zen Master Dōgen
Authors: Davis Bret W.
Published: November 2018

Dōgen Kigen (1200–1253) was the founder of the Sōtō school of Japanese Zen Buddhism, and he is widely held to be the most significant philosopher in the Zen tradition. The kernel of his thought is expressed in his most famous text, Genjōkōan, rendered here as “The Presencing of Truth.” This chapter explicates the key ideas of this text, offering in particular an interpretation of its epistemological implications. It argues that Dōgen’s view of enlightenment as an ongoing practice of enlightening, as an unending path of discovery, implies an egoless perspectivism. It is a perspectivism insofar as reality is understood to only ever show itself one aspect at a time. In delusion, this perspective gets narrowly determined by the will of the ego. In the practice of enlightenment or enlightening, however, the self “forgets itself” in the “total exertion” of a participatory engagement in the world, and truth presences in and through such nondual events of interconnectivity.
Natural Freedom
Authors: Davis Bret W.
Published: November 2018

Many of us today can neither swallow the metaphysical dogma that would separate our souls from the natural world nor bite the deterministic bullet and renounce our longing for—and inner sense of—freedom. The question, then, is: Can we find a path that leads beyond these apparent conflicts between freedom and nature? One thing seems clear: if there is such a path of reconciliation, it must entail along the way a radical rethinking of the very concepts of “nature” and “freedom.” This essay demonstrates that Zen Buddhism and related strands of Japanese thought have much to contribute to precisely such a rethinking of nature and freedom—a rethinking that sees them as nondually interrelated in their origins and as ultimately reconcilable through practice. By drawing on a number of traditional and modern thinkers, it explores the philosophical sources in Japan for recognizing and realizing the possibility of a natural freedom.
Widespread Occurrence of Quinone Outside Inhibitor Fungicide-Resistant Isolates of Cercospora sojina, Causal Agent of Frogeye Leaf Spot of Soybean, in the United States
Authors: Zhang Guirong , Allen Tom W. , Bond Jason P. , Fakhoury Ahmad M. , Dorrance Anne E. , Weber Linda , Faske Travis R. , Giesler Loren J. , Hershman Donald E. , Kennedy Brenda S. , Neves Danilo L. , Hollier Clayton A. , Kelly Heather M. , Newman Melvin A. , Kleczewski Nathan M. , Koenning Steve R. , Thiessen Lindsey D. , Mehl Hillary L. , Zhou Tian , Meyer Michael D. , Mueller Daren S. , Kandel Yuba R. , Price Paul P. , Rupe John C. , Sikora Edward J. , Standish Jeffrey R. , Tomaso-Peterson Maria , Wise Kiersten A. , Bradley Carl A.
Published: November 2018

Isolates of Cercospora sojina, causal agent of frogeye leaf spot of soybean (Glycine max), were collected across Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Tennessee, and Virginia and were evaluated for quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicide resistance. Collection of these isolates from these 14 states occurred between 2010 and 2017. QoI fungicide-resistant C. sojina isolates were detected in all 14 states surveyed and represent a total of 240 counties or parishes. In 2017, these 240 counties and parishes represented approximately 13% of the harvested soybean hectares in the United States. In light of this widespread occurrence of QoI fungicide-resistant C. sojina isolates, management of frogeye leaf spot should focus on integrated management practices such as planting resistant soybean cultivars, rotating with nonhost crops, and tilling to speed up decomposition of infested soybean residue. When foliar fungicide application is warranted, fungicide products that contain active ingredients from chemistry classes other than the QoI class should be applied for frogeye leaf spot management.
Clinical Instructors’ Experience of Managing Students’ Errors: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Shahoei Ronak , Fathi Mohammad , Valiee Sina
Published: November 2018

Given the importance of patient safety, this study aimed to explore clinical instructors’ experience of managing students’ errors. A qualitative approach was adopted to conduct semistructured interviews with 12 clinical nursing and midwifery instructors. Three main categories emerged: prevention (orienting, review of the knowledge, repeating procedure by instructor, checking steps prior to performing procedure, and reminding), action (correcting, monitoring and follow-up, and informing), and feedback (cause analysis, notifying, and affecting assessment). Patient safety and error management programs should be included in the nursing curriculum and nursing education.
Developing System-Level Awareness Through Virtual Clinical Learning
Authors: Merriam Deborah , Fisher Jacob M. , Cody Amanda J. , Nirelli Patricia A.
Published: November 2018

Lack of clinical sites and disparate experiences contribute to the challenge for RN-to-BS nursing programs to provide sufficient leadership and quality improvement opportunities. A virtual clinical learning experience using WordPress was developed as a faculty-graduate student think tank project and implemented in an RN-BS hybrid nursing leadership course. The unfolding case study created an interactive experience to portray use of systems thinking and transformational leadership. Mann-Whitney U analysis identified no significant difference in learning outcomes. The low-cost, easy-to-develop technology counteracted limited clinical sites, allowing for learning on the go with equivalent learning outcomes.
Applying Simulation Design Criteria to Non-Manikin-Based Experiences: A Modified ShadowBox Technique
Authors: Harder Nicole , Turner Sufia
Published: November 2018

Creating simulation-based learning experiences is a process. With tools such as the 2016 INACSL Standards of Best Practice: SimulationSM Simulation Design and theories to guide development, nurse faculty have the opportunity to create rich simulation-based learning experiences that promote student learning. The purpose of this article is to describe an innovative simulation-based experience that applies simulation design criteria in a non-manikin experience. Using a ShadowBox approach, novice nursing students were exposed to expert decision-making in a simulated environment. We describe this approach and how the simulation design criteria are applied.
Trends Over Time in Drug Administration During Adult In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest*
Authors: Moskowitz Ari , Ross Catherine E. , Andersen Lars W. , Grossestreuer Anne V. , Berg Katherine M. , Donnino Michael W.
Published: November 2018

Objectives:

Clinical providers have access to a number of pharmacologic agents during in-hospital cardiac arrest. Few studies have explored medication administration patterns during in-hospital cardiac arrest. Herein, we examine trends in use of pharmacologic interventions during in-hospital cardiac arrest both over time and with respect to the American Heart Association Advanced Cardiac Life Support guideline updates.

Design:

Observational cohort study.

Setting:

Hospitals contributing data to the American Heart Association Get With The Guidelines–Resuscitation database between 2001 and 2016.

Patients:

Adult in-hospital cardiac arrest patients.

Interventions:

The percentage of patients receiving epinephrine, vasopressin, amiodarone, lidocaine, atropine, bicarbonate, calcium, magnesium, and dextrose each year were calculated in patients with shockable and nonshockable initial rhythms. Hierarchical multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the annual adjusted odds of medication administration. An interrupted time series analysis was performed to assess change in atropine use after the 2010 American Heart Association guideline update.

Measurements and Main Results:

A total of 268,031 index in-hospital cardiac arrests were included. As compared to 2001, the adjusted odds ratio of receiving each medication in 2016 were epinephrine (adjusted odds ratio, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.3–1.8), vasopressin (adjusted odds ratio, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1–2.1), amiodarone (adjusted odds ratio, 3.4; 95% CI, 2.9–4.0), lidocaine (adjusted odds ratio, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.2–0.2), atropine (adjusted odds ratio, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.06–0.08), bicarbonate (adjusted odds ratio, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.8–2.3), calcium (adjusted odds ratio, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.7–2.3), magnesium (adjusted odds ratio, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.9–2.7; p < 0.0001), and dextrose (adjusted odds ratio, 2.8; 95% CI, 2.3–3.4). Following the 2010 American Heart Association guideline update, there was a downward step change in the intercept and slope change in atropine use (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions:

Prescribing patterns during in-hospital cardiac arrest have changed significantly over time. Changes to American Heart Association Advanced Cardiac Life Support guidelines have had a rapid and substantial effect on the use of a number of commonly used in-hospital cardiac arrest medications.
The benefits of agreeing on what matters most: Team cooperative norms mediate the effect of co-leaders’ shared goals on safety climate in neonatal intensive care units
Authors: Kuntz Ludwig , Scholten Nadine , Wilhelm Hendrik , Wittland Michael , Hillen Hendrik Ansgar
Published: November 2018

Background:

Safety climate research suggests that a corresponding climate in work units is crucial for patient safety. Intensive care units are usually co-led by a nurse and a physician, who are responsible for aligning an interprofessional workforce and warrant a high level of safety. Yet, little is known about whether and how these interprofessional co-leaders jointly affect their unit’s safety climate.

Purpose:

This empirical study aims to explain differences in the units’ safety climate as an outcome of the nurse and physician leaders’ degree of shared goals. Specifically, we examine whether the degree to which co-leaders share goals in general fosters a safety climate by pronouncing norms of interprofessional cooperation as a behavioral standard for the team members’ interactions.

Methodology/Approach:

A cross-sectional design was used to gather data from 70 neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Germany. Survey data for our variables were collected from the unit’s leading nurse and the leading physician, as well as from the unit’s nursing and physician team members. Hypotheses testing at unit level was conducted using multivariate linear regression.

Results:

Our analyses show that the extent to which nurse–physician co-leaders share goals covaries with safety climate in NICUs. This relationship is partially mediated by norms of interprofessional cooperation among NICU team members. Our final model accounts for 54% of the variability in safety climate of NICUs.

Conclusion:

Increasing the extent to which co-leaders share goals is an effective lever to strengthen interprofessional cooperation and foster a safety climate among nursing and physician team members of hospital units.
Surgical Factors Affecting Changes in Ocular Surface Dynamics in the Early Postoperative Period After 25-Gauge Vitrectomy
Authors: Sato Tatsuhiko , Koh Shizuka , Yasukura Yu-ichi , Kanai Masanori , Noguchi Yumi , Jhanji Vishal , Nishida Kohji
Published: November 2018

Objectives:

Because vitrectomy-associated postoperative ocular surface changes are not well known, we evaluated such changes before and after vitrectomy in eyes with posterior segment diseases and investigated their associations with patients' characteristics and surgical procedures.

Methods:

Thirty-five eyes of 32 consecutive patients (16 women; average age 66.6±11.1 years) were included in this prospective, noncomparative case series from tertiary care university hospital. Contact lens wearers and patients with history of ocular surgery or regular use of topical eyedrops were excluded. Patients had undergone primary 25-gauge vitrectomy at Osaka University Hospital in Japan between July and December 2016. Tear break-up time (TBUT), corneal and conjunctival fluorescein staining score (FSS), and tear meniscus height (TMH) were evaluated before, 1 week after, and 1 month after vitrectomy.

Results:

Conjunctival FSS and TMH were significantly higher at 1 week after vitrectomy than preoperatively. However, they decreased significantly 1 month after. Changes in TBUT and corneal FSS showed a similar course at 1 week, but this was not statistically significant. Multiple linear regression analysis showed no significant correlation between significantly increased ocular parameters and patients' characteristics. By contrast, surgical time and combined cataract surgery significantly contributed to increased and decreased conjunctival FSS, respectively (P=0.011 and 0.033, respectively). Sclerotomy site suturing significantly contributed to increased TMH (P=0.025).

Conclusions:

We showed associations between ocular surface changes and specific surgical procedures. Caution should be exercised to minimize the effect of surgical procedures on the ocular surface during vitrectomy.
Acute Sterile Canaliculitis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Li Emily , Distefano Alberto , Sohrab Mahsa
Published: November 2018

A 53-year-old male developed secondary canaliculitis after undergoing nasolacrimal intubation with a silicone stent. Negative cultures, symptoms refractory to antibiotics, and rapid resolution after stent removal suggest an immune reaction as the mechanism of canaliculitis. This case raises awareness of noninfectious hypersensitivity or hypersensitivity-like reactions as a potential acute or subacute complication of nasolacrimal stenting.
Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction Following Hyaluronic Acid Rejuvenation of the Tear Trough
Authors: Kalin-Hajdu Evan , Kersten Robert C.
Published: November 2018

Although generally safe, hyaluronic acid rejuvenation of periorbital tissue has been reported to cause minor and major adverse events. The authors document a case of nasolacrimal duct obstruction due to hyaluronic acid rejuvenation of the tear trough. Nasolacrimal duct obstruction immediately resolved following irrigation of hyaluronidase into the affected lacrimal system. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of nasolacrimal duct obstruction due to filler injection.
Pupillometry Trends in the Setting of Increased Intracranial Pressure
Authors: McNett Molly , Moran Cristina , Grimm Dawnetta , Gianakis Anastasia
Published: November 2018

Serial pupil examinations remain a mainstay of neurological assessments performed by neuroscience nurses. Integration of pupillometer technology has increased in recent years, because of its ability to address limitations of manual examinations and to evaluate trended data over time. Preliminary research has linked pupillometer values to intracranial pressure (ICP) values, but data on pupillary changes in the setting of increased ICP remain sparse. The purpose of this study was to determine trends in pupillometer values in the setting of increased ICP among critically ill patients with neurological injury. This is a secondary analysis of data where serial pupillometer and ICP readings were recorded hourly on adult patients with neurological injury necessitating critical care management. More than 2100 paired serial pupillometer and ICP readings were obtained from 76 subjects, with a total of 2107 paired readings for the left eye and 2175 for the right eye. There were statistically significant differences in pupillometry values in the setting of increased ICP. Time series analysis indicates that spikes in ICP values resulted in corresponding variations in pupillometer values. Use of automated pupillometry remains a value adjunct to traditional invasive therapies. Evaluation of trended data may provide insight into ICP elevations in the absence of invasive monitoring and warrants additional research.