bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The development of structural covariance networks during the transition from childhood to adolescence
Authors: Vijayakumar Nandita , Ball Gareth , Seal Marc L. , Mundy Lisa , Whittle Sarah , Silk Tim
Published: May 2021

Structural covariance conceptualizes how morphologic properties of brain regions are related to one another (across individuals). It can provide unique information to cortical structure (e.g., thickness) about the development of functionally meaningful networks. The current study investigated how structural covariance networks develop during the transition from childhood to adolescence, a period characterized by marked structural re-organization. Participants (N = 192; scans = 366) completed MRI assessments between 8.5 and 14.5 years of age. A sliding window approach was used to create “age-bins”, and structural covariance networks (based on cortical thickness) were created for each bin. Next, generalized additive models were used to characterize trajectories of age-related changes in network properties. Results revealed nonlinear trajectories with “peaks” in mean correlation and global density that are suggestive of a period of convergence in anatomical properties across the cortex during early adolescence, prior to regional specialization. “Hub” regions in sensorimotor cortices were present by late childhood, but the extent and strength of association cortices as “hubs” increased into mid-adolescence. Moreover, these regional changes were found to be related to rates of thinning across the cortex. In the context of neurocognitive networks, the frontoparietal, default mode, and attention systems exhibited age-related increases in within-network and between-network covariance. These regional and modular developmental patterns are consistent with continued refinement of socioemotional and other complex executive functions that are supported by higher-order cognitive networks during early adolescence.
Association of plasma level of high-mobility group box-1 with necroptosis and sepsis outcomes
Authors: Yoo Hongseok , Im Yunjoo , Ko Ryoung-Eun , Lee Jin Young , Park Junseon , Jeon Kyeongman
Published: May 2021

The role of high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) in outcome prediction in sepsis is controversial. Furthermore, its association with necroptosis, a programmed cell necrosis mechanism, is still unclear. The purpose of this study is to identify the association between the plasma levels of HMGB1 and the severity and clinical outcomes of sepsis, and to examine the correlation between HMGB1 and key executors of necroptosis including receptor-interacting kinase 3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like- (MLKL) proteins. Plasma HMGB1, RIPK3, and MLKL levels were measured with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay from the derivation cohort of 188 prospectively enrolled, critically-ill patients between April 2014 and December 2016, and from the validation cohort of 77 patients with sepsis between January 2017 and January 2019. In the derivation cohort, the plasma HMGB1 levels of the control (n = 46, 24.5%), sepsis (n = 58, 30.9%), and septic shock (n = 84, 44.7%) groups were significantly increased (P < 0.001). A difference in mortality between high (≥ 5.9 ng/mL) and low (< 5.9 ng/mL) HMGB1 levels was observed up to 90 days (Log-rank test, P = 0.009). There were positive linear correlations of plasma HMGB1 with RIPK3 (R2 = 0.61, P < 0.001) and MLKL (R2 = 0.7890, P < 0.001). The difference in mortality and correlation of HMGB1 levels with RIPK3 and MLKL were confirmed in the validation cohort. Plasma levels of HMGB1 were associated with the severity and mortality attributed to sepsis. They were correlated with RIPK3 and MLKL, thus suggesting an association of HMGB1 with necroptosis.
Lithological and stress anisotropy control large-scale seismic velocity variations in tight carbonates
Authors: Trippetta F. , Barchi M. R. , Tinti E. , Volpe G. , Rosset G. , De Paola N.
Published: May 2021

Our knowledge of subsurface structures often derives from seismic velocities that are measured during seismic acquisition surveys. These velocities can greatly change due to lithological, fracture frequencies and/or effective pressure/temperature variations. However, the influence of such intrinsic lithological properties and environmental conditions at the large scale is poorly understood due to the lack of comprehensive datasets. Here, we analyze 43 borehole-derived velocity datasets of 3 end-member tight carbonate sequences from Central Italy, including massive pure limestone (Calcare Massiccio, CM), thick-layered (20–50 cm) pure limestone (Maiolica, MA), and thin-layered (2–20 cm) marly limestone (Calcareous Scaglia, CS). Our results show that the main rock parameters and environmental conditions driving large scale velocity variations are bedding and paleostresses, while mineralogical composition and current tectonic stress also play a role. For each of the 3 end-members, measured VP values vary differently with depth, as the thin-layered CS units show a clear increase in Vp, while velocity slightly increases and remains constant for the thick-layered MA and massive CM units, respectively. Such observations show that velocities are affected by specific characteristics of lithological discontinuities, such as the thickness of bedding. Counterintuitively, larger Vp values were recorded in the deformed mountain range than in the undeformed foreland suggesting that higher paleo-stresses increase velocity values by enhancing diagenesis and healing of discontinuities. Our results thus demonstrate that large scale velocity variations are strictly related to variation of lithological properties and to the geological and tectonic history of an area. We suggest that such lithological and environmental controls should be taken into account when developing velocity and mechanical models for tectonically active regions of the Mediterranean Area, where earthquakes mostly nucleate and propagate through carbonate formations, and for resource exploration in fractured carbonate reservoirs.
Management of ongoing direct anticoagulant treatment in patients with hip fracture
Authors: Rostagno Carlo , Cartei Alessandro , Polidori Gianluca , Civinini Roberto , Ceccofiglio Alice , Rubbieri Gaia , Curcio Massimo , Boccaccini Alberto , Peris Adriano , Prisco Domenico
Published: May 2021

Aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of ongoing treatment with DOACs on time from trauma to surgery and on in-hospital clinical outcomes (blood losses, need for transfusion, mortality) in patients with hip fracture. Moreover we evaluated the adherence to current guidelines regarding the time from last drug intake and surgery. In this observational retrospective study clinical records of patients admitted for hip fracture from January 2016 to January 2019 were reviewed. 74 patients were in treatment with DOACs at hospital admission. Demographic data, comorbidities and functional status before trauma were retrieved. As control group we evaluated 206 patients not on anticoagulants matched for age, gender, type of fracture and ASA score. Time to surgery was significantly longer in patients treated with DOACs (3.6 + 2.7 vs. 2.15 ± 1.07 days, p < 0.0001) and treatment within 48 h was 47% vs. 80% in control group (p < 0.0001). The adherence to guidelines’ suggested time from last drug intake to surgery was 46%. Neither anticipation nor delay in surgery did result in increased mortality, length of stay or complication rates with the exception of larger perioperative blood loss (Hb levels < 8 g/dl) in DOACs patients (34% vs 9% p < 0.0001). Present results suggest that time to surgery is significantly longer in DOAC patients in comparison to controls and adherence to guidelines still limited.
Volatile metal emissions from volcanic degassing and lava–seawater interactions at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai’i
Authors: Mason Emily , Wieser Penny E. , Liu Emma J. , Edmonds Marie , Ilyinskaya Evgenia , Whitty Rachel C. W. , Mather Tamsin A. , Elias Tamar , Nadeau Patricia Amanda , Wilkes Thomas C. , McGonigle Andrew J. S. , Pering Tom D. , Mims Forrest M. , Kern Christoph , Schneider David J. , Oppenheimer Clive
Published: May 2021

Volcanoes represent one of the largest natural sources of metals to the Earth’s surface. Emissions of these metals can have important impacts on the biosphere as pollutants or nutrients. Here we use ground- and drone-based direct measurements to compare the gas and particulate chemistry of the magmatic and lava–seawater interaction (laze) plumes from the 2018 eruption of Kīlauea, Hawai’i. We find that the magmatic plume contains abundant volatile metals and metalloids whereas the laze plume is further enriched in copper and seawater components, like chlorine, with volatile metals also elevated above seawater concentrations. Speciation modelling of magmatic gas mixtures highlights the importance of the S2− ligand in highly volatile metal/metalloid degassing at the magmatic vent. In contrast, volatile metal enrichments in the laze plume can be explained by affinity for chloride complexation during late-stage degassing of distal lavas, which is potentially facilitated by the HCl gas formed as seawater boils.
Rapid metal pollutant deposition from the volcanic plume of Kīlauea, Hawai’i
Authors: Ilyinskaya Evgenia , Mason Emily , Wieser Penny E. , Holland Lacey , Liu Emma J. , Mather Tamsin A. , Edmonds Marie , Whitty Rachel C. W. , Elias Tamar , Nadeau Patricia A. , Schneider David , McQuaid James B. , Allen Sarah E. , Harvey Jason , Oppenheimer Clive , Kern Christoph , Damby David
Published: May 2021

Long-lived basaltic volcanic eruptions are a globally important source of environmentally reactive, volatile metal pollutant elements such as selenium, cadmium and lead. The 2018 eruption of Kīlauea, Hawai’i produced exceptionally high discharge of metal pollutants, and was an unprecedented opportunity to track them from vent to deposition. Here we show, through geochemical sampling of the plume that volatile metal pollutants were depleted in the plume up to 100 times faster than refractory species, such as magnesium and iron. We propose that this rapid wet deposition of complexes containing reactive and potentially toxic volatile metal pollutants may disproportionately impact localised areas close to the vent. We infer that the relationship between volatility and solubility is an important control on the atmospheric behaviour of elements. We suggest that assessment of hazards from volcanic emissions should account for heterogeneous plume depletion of metal pollutants.
Bacterial transmission and colonization in activated carbon block (ACB) point-of-use (PoU) filters
Authors: Wu Chia-Chen , Love Nancy G. , Olson Terese M.
Published: May 2021

Identifying the breakthrough pattern of drinking water bacteria through faucet-mounted activated carbon block filters at the point of use using abiotic microspheres and biotic surrogates, fluorescent-tagged E. coli and P. aeruginosa.
Fluorescent molecular glass based on hexadehydrotribenzo[12]annulene
Authors: Kasahara Yotaro , Hisaki Ichiro , Akutagawa Tomoyuki , Takeda Takashi
Published: May 2021

We prepared an organic molecular glass material with a large central planar π unit, which showed a unique dielectric anomaly and isolated fluorescence properties.
A study ofGUPT-2, a water-stable zinc-based metal–organic framework as a highly selective and sensitive fluorescent sensor in the detection of Al3+and Fe3+ions
Authors: Wang San-Tai , Zheng Xiao , Zhang Shu-Hua , Li Guangzhao , Xiao Yu
Published: May 2021

A unique Zn-MOF (GUPT-2) with excellent fluorescence characteristics, which have a highly selective fluorescent probe for Al3+and Fe3+ions in a pure water system based on the ESIPT process with the LOD values 0.446 and 0.269 μM, respectively.
An experimental and theoretical study on the growth of plate-like β-HMX crystals in the hydroxylated interlayer space
Authors: Tao Yuting , Xu Jinjiang , Zhang Haobin , Huang Shiliang , Yang Zuoyin , Sun Jie , Lei Ming
Published: May 2021

Plate-like β-HMX crystals are grown in the hydroxylated interlayer space. Experimental and theoretical results indicate that they have the most morphologically important (011) face adopting a layer-by-layer growth mode.
Theoretical design of asymmetric A–D1A′D2–A type non-fullerene acceptors for organic solar cells
Authors: Yang Jie , Li Quan-Song , Li Ze-Sheng
Published: May 2021

Theoretical calculations show that the asymmetric A–D1A′D2–A type Y6-based acceptors lead to enhanced light-absorption and interfacial properties which are helpful for performances of organic solar cells.
Bimetallic CuFe nanoparticles as active and stable catalysts for chemoselective hydrogenation of biomass-derived platform molecules
Authors: Arias Karen S. , Liu Lichen , Garcia-Ortiz Andrea , Climent Maria J. , Concepcion Patricia , Iborra Sara , Corma Avelino
Published: May 2021

Chemoselective hydrogenation of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) to 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF) has been efficiently performed using bimetallic CuFe nanoparticles covered by thin carbon layers as catalysts.
A review of confined-structure catalysts in the catalytic oxidation of VOCs: synthesis, characterization, and applications
Authors: Wu Xueqian , Han Rui , Liu Qingling , Su Yun , Lu Shuangchun , Yang Lizhe , Song Chunfeng , Ji Na , Ma Degang , Lu Xuebin
Published: May 2021

This picture depicts the process of the catalytic oxidation of VOCs on confined-structure catalysts, which possess excellent activity and can effectively protect the active phase from aggregation and poisoning.
Bis-(1,2,4-triazin-3-yl) ligand structure driven selectivity reversal between Am3+ and Cm3+: solvent extraction and DFT studies
Authors: Bhattacharyya Arunasis , Ansari S. A. , Karthikeyan N. S. , Ravichandran C. , Venkatachalapathy B. , Rao T. S. , Seshadri H. , Mohapatra P. K.
Published: May 2021

Selectivity between Am3+ and Cm3+ reversed from a tridentate (SO3PhBTP) to tetradentate (SO3PhBTP or SO3PhBTPhen) ligand which is explained using DFT calculations and exploited for the separation of Am3+ and Cm3+ using TODGA in RTIL.
Performance of the HSDM to predict competitive uptake of PFAS, NOM and inorganic anions by suspended ion exchange processes
Authors: Dixit Fuhar , Barbeau Benoit , Lompe Kim Maren , Kheyrandish Ataollah , Mohseni Madjid
Published: May 2021

The manuscript reports on the applicability of the homogenous surface diffusion model (HSDM) for predicting the removal of per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from drinking water treatment systems using ion exchange resins.
Photopolymerization performed under dark conditions using long-stored electrons in carbon nitride
Authors: Chen Guang , Zhang Zidan , Zhang Wenjian , Xia Lei , Nie Xuan , Huang Weiqiang , Wang Xiaoqian , Wang Longhai , Hong Chunyan , Zhang Ze , You Yezi
Published: May 2021

Protonated cyano-modified carbon nitride was synthesized, and it could store photoelectrons with a lifetime of one month. The stored electrons could drive polymerization in the dark and avoid photodegradation compared to direct photopolymerization.
Preparation of tungstophosphoric acid/cerium-doped NH2-UiO-66 Z-scheme photocatalyst: a new candidate for green photo-oxidation of dibenzothiophene and quinoline using molecular oxygen as the oxidant
Authors: Fakhri Hanieh , Esrafili Ali , Farzadkia Mahdi , Boukherroub Rabah , Srivastava Varsha , Sillanpää Mika
Published: May 2021

The goal of this study was to introduce an effective visible-light induced photocatalytic system with a good ability for photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization (PODS) and denitrogenation (PODN) using molecular oxygen (O2) as an oxidant.
Synthesis, characterization, photophysics, and photochemistry of peripherally substituted tetrakis(quinolinylethylenephenoxy)-substituted zinc(ii) phthalocyanines
Authors: Özdemir Mücahit , Artuç Gamze Özgül , Akkurt Barbaros , Yalçın Bahattin , Salan Ümit , Durmuş Mahmut , Bulut Mustafa
Published: May 2021

Quinoline substituted zinc phthalocyanine derivatives were synthesized and characterized, and their photophysical and photochemical properties were investigated.
The role of shearing effect in the evolution of the microscopic behavior of wax crystals
Authors: Li Yuanhao , Zhao Jian , Dong Hang , Xi Xiangrui
Published: May 2021

The microstructure and dynamic behaviors of wax crystals in waxy crude oil are the fundamental reasons for a series of physical phenomena in the process of its transportation.
Beneficial effects of cesium acetate in the sequential deposition method for perovskite solar cells
Authors: Kim Byeong Jo , Boschloo Gerrit
Published: May 2021

Cesium acetate was added in a sequential deposition process to fabricate Cs : FAMAPbI3, which modulates lattice strain and defect density and enhances the efficiency and the stability of perovskite solar cells.
Surface ligand rigidity modulates lipid raft affinity of ultra-small hydrophobic nanoparticles: insights from molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Lin Xiaoqian , Lin Xubo
Published: May 2021

Surface ligand rigidity affects NPs’ targeting ability and affinity to lipid rafts.
Analysis of zwitterionic membrane fouling mechanism caused by HPAM in the presence of electrolytes
Authors: Jiang Qin , Liu Zi-Yu , Guo Wei , Su Zengping , Ma Wangjing , Zhang Lu , Zhao Sui
Published: May 2021

The foulant HPAM and electrolyte CaCl2 are used to investigate the fouling mechanism of zwitterionic membrane dealing with HPAM in saline wastewater.
Microbial fuel cells for in-field water quality monitoring
Authors: Olias Lola Gonzalez , Di Lorenzo Mirella
Published: May 2021

Overview of challenges and opportunities in microbial fuel cells for in-field operation.
Graphene and zeolite as adsorbents in bar-micro-solid phase extraction of pharmaceutical compounds of diverse polarities
Authors: Jajuli Maizatul Najwa , Herzog Grégoire , Hébrant Marc , Poh Ng Eng , Rahim Afidah Abdul , Saad Bahruddin , Hussin M. Hazwan
Published: May 2021

A bar micro-solid phase (bar μ-SPE) extraction method using either graphene or zeolite or their mixtures as an adsorbent, coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography was developed for the determination of pharmaceutical compounds of diverse polarity.
Mesoporous titanium niobium nitrides supported Pt nanoparticles for highly selective and sensitive formaldehyde sensing
Authors: Huang Chaozhu , Adimi Samira , Liu Dongliang , Guo Haichuan , Thomas Tiju , Attfield J. Paul , Ruan Shengping , Qu Fengdong , Yang Minghui
Published: May 2021

A highly sensitive and selective formaldehyde sensor is prepared by using mesoporous Ti0.75Nb0.25N supported Pt NPs as a high efficiency gas sensing electrode material.
Faculty of Color in Communication Sciences and Disorders: An Overdue Conversation
Authors: Mishra Avinash , Núñez Giselle , Tyson Cara E.
Published: May 2021

Purpose

Representation of faculty of color (FoC) in the discipline of communication sciences and disorders is limited. FoC face unique challenges within academic institutions. As FoC, we present an overview of three critical areas that directly affect our academic careers: cultural competency, imposter syndrome, and racial microaggression. Definitions, examples, and potential solutions to improve the experience of FoC are provided.

Conclusions

While this article provides a foundation for further discussion, we call upon institutions of higher learning to act now and to recognize the unique obstacles faced by FoC. By implementing solutions, the current academic climate will reflect inclusivity and support of FoC.
MAC layer performance modelling for IEEE 802.15.7 based on discrete‐time Markov chain
Authors: Bhutani Monica , Lall Brejesh , Dixit Abhishek
Published: May 2021

Potential lack of enough wireless frequency spectrum has guided researchers towards visible light communication (VLC), emerging as a sturdy support to Wi‐Fi. Though the IEEE 802.15.7 standard has comprehensive medium access control (MAC) and physical (PHY) layer specifications, the emerging VLC technology still faces MAC challenges. Further, throughput is one of the major concerns for the VLC personal area network (VPAN) as it directly impacts the network speed. We propose a novel Markov chain model with two clear channel assessments, which proves to be a significant milestone in improving the network throughput for a star topology VPAN. This paper extends the already available analytical models for the MAC layer to efficiently plan and predict the VPAN performance. We also extensively evaluate other network metrics, like network collision probability and end‐to‐end epoch, to demonstrate the proposed model's applicability. We verify the model's analytical results with elaborate MATLAB simulations and obtain good estimation, especially for large network sizes.
Temperature distribution characteristics and heat defect judgment method based on temperature gradient of suspended composite insulator in operation
Authors: Li Te , Wang Shaohua , Hu Qin , Liu Li , Zhou Luyao , Deng Yu
Published: May 2021

In order to solve the problem of determining the heating suspended composite insulators in transmission lines, infrared tests for composite insulators newly put into operation and with heat defect were conducted. The insulator surface temperature distribution characteristics were obtained. Furthermore, the characteristic parameters based on temperature gradient were revealed and the judgment method of heating defect was established. The results indicate that considerable proportion of the composite insulators in operation have a temperature difference more than 5 K, thus false judgment could occurred when judging heating defect only by temperature difference. Normal composite insulator temperature curve was composed of high‐frequency and low‐frequency components. The influence of the low‐frequency component on the temperature difference is greater than that of the high‐frequency component. Obvious temperature gradient exists at the heating region boundary. The standard deviation of temperature gradient and the maximum absolute value of temperature low‐frequency component gradient are effective characteristic parameters to distinguish whether heating defects exist. The heating defect judgment method was established based on the characteristic parameters, and was verified by field data with an accuracy rate of 94.31%. The method satisfied the heating defect judgement under UAV infrared lens with spatial resolution value not larger than 0.895 mrad.
Disturbance attenuation control for LVRT capability enhancement of doubly fed wind generators
Authors: Qin Boyu , Zhang Ruowei , Li Hengyi , Ding Tao , Liu Wansong
Published: May 2021

Low voltage ride through (LVRT) requires wind generation systems (WGS) to maintain continuous operation and provide reactive power support under grid voltage dips. This paper proposes a novel disturbance attenuation control (DAC) approach based on state‐dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) technique to enhance the LVRT capability of doubly fed induction generator‐based (DFIG‐based) WGS. The DAC problems are formulated with the control objectives for rotor side converter and grid side converter, and the weighing matrices are designed with fully studied principles to balance the control effect and cost. The SDRE technique is adopted to solve the DAC problems, and an alternative feasible state dependent coefficient construction algorithm is applied to improve computational efficiency. An active Crowbar circuit with overcurrent limiting mechanism is applied to ensure the rotor current and DC link voltage within the secure zone. Comparisons with conventional PI controller, exact linearization controller and coordinated control strategy are performed, the results demonstrate the proposed DAC approach has a better transient performance and enhances the LVRT capability of DFIG‐based WGS.
Modelling, analysis, and implementation of a switched‐inductor based DC/DC converter with reduced switch current stress
Authors: Sadaf Shima , Al‐Emadi Nasser , Iqbal Atif , Bhaskar Mahajan Sagar , Meraj Mohammad
Published: May 2021

This paper proposes a technique for switch current stress reduction in a Switched Inductor DC‐DC Boost Converter (SIBC). The proposed technique comes up with a low‐cost design, high voltage conversion ratio with a less duty cycle value, and lower current stress without increasing the component count. This topology is basically a transformer‐less design where one diode of the traditional switched inductor configuration has been replaced with a switch, which is in parallel with the existing switch, resulting in a design that can incorporate active switches with a low current rating, since the total input current is equally shared by them. The detailed modes of operation in both continuous conduction mode (CCM) and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) and steady‐state analysis, the non‐idealities’ effect on voltage gain, design approach, and a comparative study with other DC‐DC converters for some significant performance characteristics are provided. The experimental validations for the performance and working of the 500 W designed prototype are presented.
Advances in quantum secure direct communication
Authors: Zawadzki Piotr
Published: May 2021

The practical implementation of quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) will undoubtedly be a milestone in the development of quantum cryptography. Research is in its final phase and focuses on developing secure protocols that consider realistic constraints and are feasible within the current state of technology. Three well‐known protocols ae compared, Ping‐Pong, Two‐Step and Deng‐Long, in the context of the level of security offered and the challenges related to their implementation. This work explains how the evolution of QSDC protocols from a purely quantum formulation to hybrid classical‐quantum solutions based on the Wyner wiretap channel model can solve most problems encountered. The work aims to inform scientists in other fields of quantum information processing about the latest advances in QSDC. The attached appendix introduces basic concepts for readers unfamiliar with this research area.
An integrated control algorithm of power distribution for islanded microgrid based on improved virtual synchronous generator
Authors: Zhang Liang , Zheng Hao , Wan Tao , Shi Donghan , Lyu Ling , Cai Guowei
Published: May 2021

Virtual synchronous generator technology can effectively improve the anti‐interference characteristics of the system frequency and bus voltage in the microgrid, and solve the problems of insufficient damping and low inertia of the system. However, in an islanded microgrid with multiple distributed generation, the difference in line impedance will cause local voltage deviations, which in turn leads to a series of problems, such as reducing power distribution accuracy and increasing bus voltage drop. Therefore, for the island‐type microgrid multi‐inverter distributed power generation parallel system, in order to solve the problem of low power distribution accuracy and large frequency oscillation caused by system parameters in virtual synchronous generator control, an improved virtual synchronous generator control algorithm based on adaptive droop coefficient is proposed in this paper, which not only eliminates the resistance component of the line impedance, makes the system impedance characteristic present a purely inductive nature, but also realises real‐time adjustment of active and reactive power. While maintaining the stability of the bus voltage and system frequency, it maintains high power distribution accuracy and improves the dynamic performance and operational stability of the power grid system.
Study on feature processing schemes for deep‐learning‐based human activity classification using frequency‐modulated continuous‐wave radar
Authors: Hernangómez Rodrigo , Santra Avik , Stańczak Sławomir
Published: May 2021

Radar is an attractive sensor for classifying human activity because of its invariance to the environment and its ability to operate under low lighting conditions and through obstacles. Classification for human activity finds applications in human–computer interfaces, user‐intent understanding and contextual‐aware smart homes. Moreover, frequency‐modulated continuous‐wave technology enables radar systems to retrieve both micro‐Doppler and range profiles from humans, which can then be used to recognize target movements. Several feature processing schemes are studied on signatures obtained from a compact, short‐range, 60‐GHz, frequency‐modulated continuous‐wave radar for various human activities. The contribution of distinct features to the performance of classification is analysed and novel convolutional‐ and recurrent‐neural‐network architectures are consequently presented that efficiently combine range and Doppler information for classifying human activity. In particular, applying multibranch deep learning techniques to high‐resolution range profiles and Doppler spectrograms achieves performance similar to that using range‐Doppler map videos although it requires less computational and memory resources.
SADOE: Sequential‐based angle‐Doppler off‐grid estimation with coprime sampling structures for space‐time adaptive processing
Authors: Li Bin , Lu Lei , Zhou Chengwei
Published: May 2021

Parameter estimation for space‐time adaptive processing (STAP) usually encounters conflicts between estimation accuracy and algorithmic computation complexity in practical applications. In addition, due to the complication of mobile characteristics in STAP, it is often necessary to detect many prominent surface targets. Herein, we propose a sequential approach based on coprime sampling structures for off‐grid angle‐Doppler estimation in the framework of STAP, where both the accuracy and efficiency are well balanced. The estimation is accomplished via three sequential stages, where the initialized relative spatial–temporal map and closed‐form solutions to spatial and temporal parameters based on the rotational invariant technique are subsequently formulated, eventually paired by a Euclidean distance minimization‐based principle. Benefiting from such sequential implementation, the computational complexity can be greatly reduced, and the basis mismatch problem can be avoided in the meantime. Besides, coprime sampling structures enable expanded degrees of freedom in the case of fixed physical cost, adapting to more complicated actual scenarios. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm from the aspects of both accuracy and efficiency along with the advance of DOFs.
Influence of thermally induced self‐assembly shish‐kebab crystal on charge transport behaviour in polypropylene/elastomer blends
Authors: Li Jing , Gao Yu , Song Zheng , Peng Jinjing , Xu Xuri
Published: May 2021

This paper reports on the influence of thermally induced self‐assembly shish‐kebab crystal on charge transport behaviour in polypropylene (PP) and PP/propylene‐based elastomer (PBE) blends. The film samples with the shish‐kebab crystal were prepared by adding a β nucleating agent TMB‐5 under thermally induced self‐assembly. Polarised optical microscope （POM）, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements were performed to understand the crystallisation characteristics of samples. Carrier trap distribution was analysed by isothermal surface potential decay (ISPD) method, and DC breakdown strength measured as well. The decrease of shish‐kebab crystal size, the reduction of trap level, the increase of shallow trap density and the decrease of deep trap density were obtained with the TMB‐5 content. The hopping distance of charges decreased with the shallow trap density increasing. The DC breakdown strength for PP/PBE/TMB‐5 was higher than that for PP/TMB‐5. It is suggested that deep traps are formed on the clear shish‐kebab crystal boundaries, while shallow traps are induced by the elastomer and the un‐crystallisation nucleating agents. Both the carrier trap formation on the crystal boundary and the physical channel orientation of the shish‐kebab crystals affect the charge transport behaviour.
Evolution of the atomic component in protostellar outflows
Authors: Sperling T. , Eislöffel J. , Fischer C. , Nisini B. , Giannini T. , Krabbe A.
Published: May 2021

Context.We present SOFIA/FIFI-LS observations of three Class 0 and one Class I outflows (Cep E, HH 1, HH 212, and L1551 IRS5) in the far-infrared [O I]63 μmand [O I]145 μmtransitions. Spectroscopic [O I]63 μmmaps enabled us to infer the spatial extent of warm (T ∼ 500−1200 K), low-excitation atomic gas within these protostellar outflows.

Aims.Our main goal is to determine mass-loss rates from the obtained [OI]63 μmmaps and compare these with accretion rates from other studies.

Methods.The far-infrared [O I]63 μmemission line is predicted to be the main coolant of dense, dissociative J-shocks caused by decelerated wind or jet shocks. If proper shock conditions prevail, the instantaneous mass-ejection rate is directly connected to the [O I]63 μmluminosity. In order to unravel evolutionary trends, we analysed a set of 14 Class 0/I outflow sources that were spatially resolved in the [O I]63emission. We compared these data with a sample of 72 Class 0/I/II outflow sources that have been observed with Herschel (WISH, DIGIT, WILL, GASPS surveys) without spatially resolving the [O I]63 μmline.

Results.All our newly observed targets feature prominent [O I]63μmemission either close to the driving source (L1551 IRS5, HH 1, HH 212) or as extended jet-like or knotty emission region away from it (Cep E). The detected [O I]63 μmemission can mostly be attributed to dissociative shocks and photodissociation regions (PDRs). Flux values at 63 μm and 145 μm of all four associated continuum sources are presented. We calculated mass-loss rates connected to the low-excitation, atomic outflow component in the range of (5−50)×10−7 M⊙ yr−1. Estimated ratios between the mass loss in the outflow and the mass accretion onto the source (jet efficiency ratios) are largely in the range ofṀout/Ṁacc∼ 0.05 − 0.5 for the observed outflow sources, which are consistent with theoretical predictions and quoted Herschel data.

Conclusions.Our new observations and a comparison with the 72 outflow sources observed with Herschel indicate that the bulk ejected material in outflows from Class 0 sources resides in the molecular component, that is mass-loss rates derived from the [O I]63emission line significantly underestimate the total mass-loss rate during this and possibly also later phases of the star formation process.
Collisional effects in the blue wing of Lyman-α
Authors: Spiegelman F. , Allard N. F. , Kielkopf J. F.
Published: May 2021

Spectral observations below Lyman-α are now obtained with the Cosmic Origin Spectrograph (COS) on the Hubble Space Telescope. It is therefore necessary to provide an accurate treatment of the blue wing of the Lyman-α line that enables correct calculations of radiative transport in DA and DBA white dwarf stars. On the theoretical front, we very recently developed very accurate H-He potential energies for the hydrogen 1s, 2s, and 2p states. Nevertheless, an uncertainty remained about the asymptotic correlation of the Σ states and the electronic dipole transition moments. A similar difficulty occurred in our first calculations for the resonance broadening of hydrogen perturbed by collisions with neutral H atoms. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, we clarify the question of the asymptotic correlation of the Σ states, and we show that relativistic contributions, even very tiny, may need to be accounted for a correct long-range and asymptotic description of the states because of the specific 2s 2p Coulomb degeneracy in hydrogen. This effect of relativistic corrections, inducing small splitting of the 2s and 2p states of H, is shown to be important for the Σ-Σ transition dipole moments in H-He and is also discussed in H-H. Second, we use existent (H-H) and newly determined (H-He) accurate potentials and properties to provide a theoretical investigation of the collisional effects on the blue wing of the Lyman-α line of H perturbed by He and H. We study the relative contributions in the blue wing of the H and He atoms according to their relative densities. We finally achieve a comparison with recent COS observations and propose an assignment for a feature centered at 1190 Å.
The transition from Pyrenean shortening to Gulf of Lion rifting in Languedoc (South France) – A tectonic-sedimentation analysis
Authors: Séranne Michel , Couëffé Renaud , Husson Eglantine , Baral Céline , Villard Justine
Published: May 2021

The Pyrenean orogen extended eastward, across the present-day Gulf of Lion margin. The late or post-orogenic dismantling of this orogen segment, contemporaneous with ongoing shortening in the Spanish Pyrénées, is still debated. Understanding the transition between the two geodynamic events requires to document the precise timing of the succession of the tectonic processes involved. We investigate the superposition of rifting structures over Pyrenean thrusts and folds in the onshore Languedoc. Compilation and reassessment of the regional chronostratigraphy, in the light of recent biostratigraphic dating and new mapping of Paleogene basins, lead to date the transition to the Priabonian. Tectonic-sedimentation relationship in the Eocene to Oligocene depocentres are analysed in surface exposures as well as in seismic reflection surveys. Bed-to bed mapping allowed us to: i) characterise an intermediate sequence of Priabonian age, bounded at the base and the top by unconformities; ii) evidence syn-depositional deformation within the Priabonian; iii) define the axes of Priabonian deformation. Interpretation of seismic reflection profiles, across the onshore basins covered by syn- and post-rift sequences, reveals the existence of an intermediate sequence displaying similar features, and that is correlated to the Priabonian. Syn-depositional deformation of some Priabonian basins correspond to extensional structure, whereas neighbouring, contemporaneous basins, reveal compressional deformation. The distribution of such apparently conflicting observations across the studied area provides evidence for left-lateral strike-slip deformation between two major regional faults (Cévennes and Nîmes faults). Left-lateral strike-slip along NE-trending faults accommodates E-W extension of the West European Rift (ECRIS) and part of the ongoing N-S shortening in the Central and Western Pyrénées. Priabonian clastic sedimentation and deformation in Languedoc witness the initial stages of the dismantling of the Languedoc-Provence Pyrénées, prior to Oligocene-Aquitanian back-arc rifting.
Piper aduncum essential oil: a promising insecticide, acaricide and antiparasitic. A review
Authors: Durofil Andrea , Radice Matteo , Blanco-Salas José , Ruiz-Téllez Trinidad
Published: May 2021

Several studies have assessed the potential of essential oils as substitutes for synthetic pesticides, in order to counter insect resistance to commercial pesticides. Piper aduncum L. is a very common shrub in the Amazon Rainforest and in other subtropical areas. The objective of this review was to analyse the existing information on P. aduncum essential oil as a raw material for new bioproducts for sustainable pest disease management. With this review, we collected and critically analysed 59 papers, representing all the studies that aimed to evaluate the essential oil properties of this species as an insecticide, acaricide and antiparasitic. The chemical composition differs depending on the origin, although phenylpropanoid dillapiole is the most cited component, followed by myristicin, 1,8-cineole and β-ocimene. Between the acaricidal, antiparasitic and synergistic activities, the insecticidal effects are highly promising, with optimal results against the malaria vector Aedes aegypti, with an LC50 that ranges between 57 and 200μg/mL. Acaricidal activity has mainly been reported against Tetranychus urticae, showing an LC50 that ranges between 5.83 and 7.17μg/mL. Antiparasitic activity has predominately been found on Leishmania amazonensis, and antipromastigote activity has been found to be between 23.8 and 25.9μg/mL. Concerning the synergistic effect between dillapiole and synthetic insecticides, four studies on Spodoptera frugiperda found promising results with cypermethrin. In this review, we highlighted the potential of P. aduncum essential oil as a biopesticide, also focusing on the lack of information about applied research. We also provide suggestions for future investigations.
Spiritual and moral values: an anthropological study of the duty and desire categories
Authors: Shtekhman Elena A. , Melnik Yuliya A. , Biyakaeva Alina V. , Baskakova Anna V. , Shkurko Olga V.
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the study of phenomena, such as duty and desire. These phenomena are interpreted in different ways within the framework of various philosophical trends, starting from antiquity and ending with modernity. The authors emphasize the lack of consensus in the philosophical and scientific community in the interpretation of these categories. Thus, R. Descartes believed that the phenomenon of debt arose in the human mind under the influence of social conditions. On the contrary, I. Kant and C. Cordner argued that duty was a priori concept not associated with practice and life. In turn, L.Yu. Nikolaeva understood duty as the basis for forming the national-cultural ideal. Plato explained the phenomenon of desire by the imperfection of a human, whereas Aristotle understood desire as the product of a pleasant sensation. In turn, Spinoza argued that desire was an individual form of cognition of the world. Descartes and J. Locke believed that desire was a need for something that was not currently available. In general, the categories of duty and desire were clearly distinguished. Most philosophers consider duty as a characteristic of the social being of the individual, whereas desire is considered to be an empirical category, i.e., generated by the sensory experience of the individual. However, it is necessary not only to study these concepts more deeply but also to reveal their role in forming spiritual and moral values.
Designing subject-subject relations on the basis of analysis of individual features of students’ thinking
Authors: Kamaleeva Alsu R. , Khrisanova Elena G. , Nozdrina Natalya A. , Nigmetzyanova Venera M. , Pokaninova Elena B.
Published: May 2021

This article discusses determination of prevailing thinking style of students with possible typology of the thinking styles. Determination of prevailing thinking style is required to determine strategy and tactics of teaching and maximum use of student-centered results of the performed diagnostics during designing further successful subject–subject interaction. The relevance of the considered problem is related with the necessity to resolve the issue of optimum use of individual features of students’ thinking, future lawyers, regarding development of analytical thinking style. It is proposed that the research method should be based on the diagnostics by A. Alekseev and L. Gromova, Individual Thinking Styles, its aim is analysis of individual thinking styles. It has been established that the proposed method provides analysis of basic thinking styles of the students: synthetic, idealistic, pragmatic, analytical, realistic. The obtained data would allow each teacher to design respective arrangement of subjectsubject interactions and to rearrange methods of teaching the involved discipline with orientation at personal features of cognitive tools of each student individually and in overall group.
Specificity of formation of creative activity skills in studio theatre: competency-based approach
Authors: Buyanova Natalia B. , Efremenko Alexey P. , Shevchuk Lyubov E. , Orekhova Olga G. , Mikhaylov Stanislav N.
Published: May 2021

This article presents the experimental results of analysis of efficiency of teaching methods aimed at formation of creative activity skills of future actors during training in studio theatre. In the course of the research, psychological and pedagogical theories of formation of creative activity skills were studied; on the basis of experiments, the efficiency of specially developed methods aimed at formation of creative activity skills was proved. These are the methods of development of imagination and thinking, actor abilities, expansion of emotional sphere, worldview and experience of actors in the area of perception of arts pieces, and scenic practice in working on role and stage performance. The authors have systematized the skills of theatrical performance and highlighted as the most meaningful the skills of artistry, scenic mastery, creation of new images or actions, application of various means of stage arts, preparation and performance of stage pieces of various genres, execution of professional functions of actor, director, scriptwriter. Practical value of the work is in obtaining of new scientific data as well as formulation of recommendations regarding the process of formation and development of creative activity skills of students during training in studio theatre.
The influence of innovative digital technologies in education on the life quality of students during the pandemic
Authors: Zakharova Svetlana G. , Kulagova Irina A. , Makarycheva Irina V. , Oranova Mariya V. , Rusakova Tatyana J.
Published: May 2021

This article substantiates the relevance of studies on estimation the life quality of students during forced implementation of online digital educational technologies. The article presents the main trends of program target approach to life quality of population subdivided by the subjects of socio-economic relations. The main positive changes are revealed in the students’ life manifested during the pandemic upon obtaining online educational services, including elements related with digital competences: labor market demand, conditions of formation and implementation, amounts and desired forms, emerging opportunities, relations with professional environment and social institutions of communications, methods and technologies of digital content. Peculiar features of the most important educational elements of online technologies, which change students’ lifestyle and quality of life, are considered in the frames of blended learning: event systems, storytelling systems, gamification systems. Positive and negative phenomena have been revealed on the basis of analysis of changes in students’ life during total application of online technologies.