bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A utilização de tecnologias da informação e comunicação como recurso didático no ensino de história
Authors: Formiga Dayana De Oliveira , Schunemann Haller Elinar Stach , Souza Lorrayni Dos Santos , Broseguini Marcelo
Published: September 2018

O presente ensaio tem por objetivo observar a eficácia da utilização de tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TIC’s), dos quais utilizamos o vídeo, no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Entendendo a realidade local e da temática dos povos indígenas no que tange a educação brasileira, utilizamos a plataforma digital de indexação de vídeos on-line Youtube, que é, desde 2005, a maior referência em distribuição e armazenamento de vídeos do mundo. A utilização desse recurso foi observada na prática por conta das possibilidades criadas pelo Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID). A escolha por esse recurso vem ao encontro da necessidade de suprir a demanda por um ensino mais envolvente e efetivo para os alunos no que se refere à temática indígena. Os povos indígenas do Brasil apresentam uma cultura de riqueza ímpar, plural e envolvente que, nos mais bem ilustrados e detalhados livros didáticos, não pode ser abordada de maneira satisfatória. Diante disso, os vídeos, quer de fontes particulares amadoras ou de natureza institucional, se mostram úteis ao concatenar conteúdo histórico, áudio, imagem e efeitos especiais, e se tornam um recurso eficiente em sala de aula. Evidente que, em se tratando de recursos didáticos, a lista é diversa, tanto de estilo quanto de quantidade e qualidade, permitindo ao professor, que abre mão de tais recursos, tornar a sua aula em um momento diversificado e interativo. As novas tecnologias, aliadas às práticas pedagógicas, são particularmente importantes para o ensino de história, pois tal disciplina é comumente entendida como antiquada e sem relação com o presente. Portanto, compete ao professor a importante missão de aproveitar-se ao máximo destes novos recursos didáticos, a fim de que a temática seja transferida aos discentes de modo a desenvolver neles o aprimoramento de suas habilidades cognitivas e o interesse frequente e crescente pelo conhecimento.
O Ava e os estilos de aprendizagem no contexto de Educação a Distância
Authors: Ramos Meira Lúcia , Schäffer Ana Maria De Moura , Viana Helena Brandão
Published: September 2018

Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar os diferentes estilos de aprendizagem no contexto de Educação a Distância (EAD). A pesquisa se justifica na medida em que as Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs) vêm sendo inseridas cada vez mais no âmbito educacional. Para o estudo, procedeu-se a coleta de dados a partir de um mapeamento da literatura nacional, publicada no período de 2006 a 2016, no banco de dados da Capes, da Scielo e do Google Acadêmico sobre os temas relativos aos estilos de aprendizagem e seu uso na EAD. Como metodologia, seguimos os parâmetros da revisão bibliográfica, alinhada à abordagem qualitativa. A pesquisa é descritiva, pois mostra a questão da conceituação dos estilos de aprendizagem e sua aplicação no contexto dos espaços virtuais. Os resultados obtidos confirmam que não há unanimidade entre os autores sobre os estilos de aprendizagem predominantes na EAD, embora existam estudiosos que defendam existir nos cursos de EAD uma predominância do estilo de aprendizagem reflexivo. As pesquisas ainda apontaram que os diferentes estilos de aprendizagem não afetaram em nada o desempenho dos alunos no contexto de EAD.
O estado da arte sobre a formação docente para a diversidade cultural indígena
Authors: Fiuza Vivian Cristina Balan , Ramirez Germana Ponce de Leon
Published: September 2018

O presente artigo expõe o resultado da pesquisa bibliográfica na qual se analisou o conteúdo dos resumos de periódicos, revistas, dissertações e teses defendidas em programas de pós-graduação (stricto sensu) com vistas à formação docente para a diversidade cultural indígena entre os anos de 2008 e 2017. Os dados foram obtidos a partir dos seguintes bancos de pesquisa: Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD), Google acadêmico, Scientific Eletronic Library Online (Scielo) e Comissão de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal do Nível Superior (Capes). O intuito desteartigo é de mapear as pesquisas realizadas nos últimos anos sobre a implantaçãoda Lei 11.645/08, que torna obrigatório o ensino da temática indígena no contexto escolar. Buscaram-se também informações sobre o aporte aos docentes da educação básica, os quais devem aplicar os conceitos em sala de aula. A pesquisa considerou os seguintes indicadores: problemática descrita nos resumos, tipo de pesquisa, área de estudo, ano da defesa, local de publicação, autores e os seguintes descritores: Lei 11.645/08, formação docente, diversidade cultural indígena e temática indígena na escola. Os resultados indicam que, dos 158.895 artigos encontrados, apenas 79 publicações se relacionam diretamente com a temática investigada, o que demonstra que não há uma quantidade significativa de artigos publicados sobre a temática indígena no contexto de formação de docentes não indígenas. Constatou-se, portanto, a relevância de empreender pesquisas sobre essa temática no sentido de conscientizar os docentes a valorizar a diversidade étnico-racial dos povos indígenas.
O estado da arte em Andragogia: uma análise nas produções científicas
Authors: Da Silva Maria Luísa De Carvalho Araújo , Torres Milton Luiz
Published: September 2018

Com os crescentes avanços tecnológicos e científicos, o profissional do século 21 passou a ter necessidades específicas que diferem consideravelmente dos objetivos da educação básica, mais centrada em conteúdos introdutórios, e que segue padrões pedagógicos direcionados pelos professores. Além disso, a condição de adulto geralmente leva o educando a ter níveis de interesse e comprometimento que dependem de práticas pedagógicas mais ajustadas à sua madureza, necessidades profissionais e exigências pessoais. Isso ocorre principalmente nos cursos de graduação, pós-graduação e educação ou formação continuada. Decorre daí uma nova ênfase na andragogia, a maneira de aprender dos adultos, estabelecendo-se novas formas metodológicas de ensino e aprendizagem. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar contribuições advindas de recentes pesquisas no Brasil sobre a Andragogia, a fim de se descrever introdutoriamente como a Andragogia tem sido praticada no nível do treinamento profissional nas diferentes áreas de atuação, observando-se quais procedimentos pedagógicos podem ser adaptados, aproveitados ou modificados para a melhoria e facilitação da aprendizagem. A metodologia empregada consistiu na eleição, a partir das principais bases de dados eletrônicas, de um artigo representativo de cada uma dentre cinco áreas de atuação profissional e numa breve descrição de seu conteúdo, caracterizando assim o estado da arte em Andragogia.
Astronomia e religião na mesopotâmia: prática de ensino de história em uma sala do 6º ano
Authors: Formiga Dayana De Oliveira , Schunemann Haller Elinar Stach , De Paula Ana Beatriz Rodrigues , Melo Charles Aparecido Silva , Da Silva Pamela Silveira , Dos Santos Junior Willian Batista
Published: September 2018

Estudar a civilização mesopotâmica é um tema comum aos docentes, pois faz parte do conteúdo para as aulas de história do Ensino Fundamental. Entretanto, a reflexão em relação à cultura desses povos é grandemente ensinada de maneira superficial, sobretudo no que diz respeito à astronomia e à religiosidade. Neste artigo, a partir de um jogo aplicado por estagiários do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID), buscaremos refletir sobre uma análise ainda pouco investigada. O objeto de estudo principal se pauta na compreensão de como esses povos se relacionavam com a astronomia e com a religião, de como esses fatores eram importantes para aquela sociedade, e de como esse assunto pode ser relevante para se aplicar em sala de aula (a partir da experiência dos alunos com o jogo de tabuleiro). É importante considerar também que muitos professores não possuem preparo para aplicar esse conteúdo em classe, dada a interdisciplinaridade que o assunto proporciona. Sendo assim, o levantamento proposto questiona também o modo como história e ciência podem ser ensinadas.
Use of hybrids in viticulture. A challenge for the OIV
Authors: De la Fuente Lloreda Mario
Published: September 2018

Sustainable viticulture is one of the main challenges for our sector, and one possible solution is the use of resistant hybrids. The OIV, as an intergovernmental organisation, works in this area with a goal of harmonising definitions for all grapevine materials, including hybrids. It should be noted that hybrids are commonly used in non-European countries, and not only for research purposes. Some project resolutions have been discussed in the past and some of them are being developed by the OIV. However, before going deeper into the harmonisation processes, some genetic aspects should be defined in order to establish an international scientific consensus. Once this is accomplished, the OIV could then discuss the pressing issue of labelling or regulations on the denomination of varieties and also of the wines produced for the entire vitivinicultural sector.
Relationship between City Size, Coastal Land Use and Summer Daytime Air Temperature Rise with Distance from Coast
Authors: Takebayashi Hideki , Tanaka Takahiro , Moriyama Masakazu , Watanabe Hironori , Miyazaki Hiroshi , Kittaka Kosuke
Published: September 2018

The relationship between city size, coastal land use and air temperature rise with distance from coast during summer day is analyzed using the meso-scale Weather Research & Forecasting (WRF) model in five coastal cities in Japan with different sizes and coastal land use (Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya, Hiroshima and Sendai) and inland cities in Germany (Berlin, Essen and Karlsruhe). Air temperature increased as distance from the coast increased, reached its maximum, and then decreased slightly. In Nagoya and Sendai, the number of urban land use in coastal areas is less than the other three cities, where air temperature is a little lower. As a result, air temperature difference between coastal and inland urban area is small and the curve of air temperature rise is smaller than those in Tokyo and Osaka. In Sendai, air temperature in the inland urban area is the same as in the other cities, but air temperature in the coastal urban area is a little lower than the other cities, due to about one degree lower sea surface temperature influenced by the latitude. In three German cities, the urban boundary layer may not develop sufficiently because the fetch distance is not enough.
A Review on Synthesis and Characterization of Biomass-Derived Carbons for Adsorption of Emerging Contaminants from Water
Authors: Bedia Jorge , Peñas-Garzón Manuel , Goméz-Avilés Almudena , Rodríguez Juan José , Belver Carolina
Published: September 2018

This review analyzes the synthesis and characterization of biomass-derived carbons for adsorption of emerging contaminants from water. The study begins with the definition and different types of emerging contaminants more often founded in water streams and the different technologies available for their removal including adsorption. It also describes the biomass sources that could be used for the synthesis of biochars and activated carbons. The characterization of the adsorbents and the different approaches that could be employed for the study of the adsorption processes are also detailed. Finally, the work reviews in detail some studies of the literature focused on the adsorption of emerging contaminants on biochars and activated carbons synthesized from biomass precursors.
Relative Contribution of PIN-containing Secretory Vesicles and Plasma Membrane PINs to the Directed Auxin Transport: Theoretical Estimation
Authors: Hille Sander , Akhmanova Maria , Glanc Matouš , Johnson Alexander , Friml Jiří
Published: September 2018

Intercellular transport of auxin is driven by PIN-formed (PIN) proteins. PINs are localized at the plasma membrane (PM) and on constitutively recycling endomembrane vesicles. Therefore, PINs can mediate auxin transport either by direct translocation across the PM or by pumping it into secretory vesicles (SVs), leading to its secretory release upon fusion with the PM. Which of these two mechanisms dominates is a matter of debate. Here we addressed the issue with a mathematical modeling approach. We demonstrate that the efficiency of secretory transport depends on SV size, half-life of PINs on the PM, pH, exocytosis frequency and PIN density. 3D-SIM microscopy was used to determine PIN density on the PM. Combing this data with published values of the other parameters, we show that the transport activity of PINs in SVs would have to be at least 1000x greater than on the PM in order to produce a comparable macroscopic auxin transport. If both transport mechanisms operated simultaneously and PINs were equally active on SVs and PM, the contribution of secretion to the total auxin flux would be negligible. In conclusion, while secretory vesicle-mediated transport of auxin is intriguing and theoretically possible model, it unlikely to be a major mechanism of auxin transport in planta.
One-Pot Synthesis of Coumarins Unsubstituted on the Pyranic Nucleus Catalysed by a Wells–Dawson Heteropolyacid (H6P2W18O62)
Authors: Sun Yu-Feng , Liu Jia-Meng , Sun Jing , Huang Ya-Tao , Lu Jia , Li Min-Min , Jin Nuo , Dai Xiao-Feng , Fan Bei
Published: September 2018

The development of a method to produce coumarins unsubstituted on the pyranic nucleus catalyzed from Wells–Dawson heteropolyacid (H6P2W18O62), phenol derivatives and ethyl 3,3-diethoxypropionate using Pechmann condensation under solvent-free conditions is described. This catalytic method was also applied successfully to synthesize various substituted coumarins, including the corresponding phenols and ethyl 3,3-diethoxypropionate. This work provides a novel, cheaper and safer way to syhthesize coumarins unsubstituted on the pyranic nucleus.
The Role of Social Media in Promoting Information Disclosure on Environmental Incidents: An Evolutionary Game Theory Perspective
Authors: Ling Shuang , Gao Shan , Liu Wenhui
Published: September 2018

Despite the expectation that social media use in the public sector contributes to enhancing government's transparency, few studies have been investigated whether social media use actually leads to more disclosure during environmental incidents in practice and how social media influence local governments and their officials' information disclosure. In this article, we model information disclosure during environmental incidents as an evolutionary game process between the central government and local government in social media context, and examine the internal mechanism that how social media influence the progress of information disclosure during environmental incidents. The findings indicate that social media plays an active constructive role in central-local government game relations. Specific- ally, social media can provides an efficient information channels for the central government supervise regional officials in environmental incidents, and thus improves its supervision efficiency, and it also provides an important means for internet mobilization and online-offline interaction by encouraging the public exchange information and express their views, and in turn forces local governments and their officials tend to disclosure ahead.
In-Situ Coherent X-Ray Diffraction during Three-Point Bending of a Au Nanowire: Visualization and Quantification
Authors: Davydok Anton , Cornelius Thomas W. , Ren Zhe , Leclere Cedric , Chahine Gilbert , Schülli Tobias , Lauraux Florian , Richter Gunter , Thomas Olivier
Published: September 2018

The three-point bending behavior of a single Au nanowire deformed with an atomic force microscope was monitored by coherent X-ray diffraction using a sub-micrometer sized hard X-ray beam. While three-dimensional reciprocal-space maps were recorded before and after deformation by standard rocking curves, they were measured by scanning the energy of the incident X-ray beam during deformation at different loading stages. The mechanical behavior of the nanowire is visualized in reciprocal space and a complex deformation mechanism is described. In addition to the expected bending of the nanowire, torsion is detected. Bending and torsion angles are quantified from the high resolution diffraction data.
Current Landscape and the Potential Role of HIF and Selenium in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Treatment
Authors: Garje Rohan , An Josiah J. , Sanchez kevin , Greco Austin , Stolwijk Jeffrey , Devor Eric , Rustum Youcef , Zakharia Yousef
Published: September 2018

In the last two decades, the discovery of various pathways involved in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have led to the development of biologically-driven targeted therapies. Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs), angiogenic growth factors, von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene mutations and oncogenic miRNAs play essential roles in the pathogenesis and drug resistance of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. These insights have led to the development of VEGF inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors and immunotherapeutic agents which have significantly improved outcomes of patients with advanced RCC. HIF inhibitors will be a valuable asset in the growing therapeutic armamentarium of RCC. Various histone deacetylase (HDAC)inhibitors, including selenium and agents such as PT2385 and PT2977, are being explored in various clinical trials as potential HIF inhibitors to ameliorate the outcomes of RCC patients. In this article, we will review the current treatment options and highlight the potential role of selenium in the modulation of drug resistance biomarkers expressed in ccRCC tumors.
Menaquinone 7 Stability of Formulations and Its Relationship with Purity Profile
Authors: Orlando Patrick , Silvestri Sonia , Marcheggiani Fabio , Cirilli Ilenia , Tiano Luca
Published: September 2018

Menaquinone-7 is a member of the vitamin K family whose interest has considerably increased over the last decade due to its beneficial role in human health mainly in respect to bone and cardiovascular health leading to a growing use in different nutritional supplement. Menaquinone-7 can be produced by synthesis or fermentation and its purity profile can differ depending on methodologies and extraction procedures. Finished formulation show a large heterogeneity of purity profiles as well as frequent discrepancies in the nominal content compared to the actual title. In the present study we compared purity profiles of different raw material and we related them to stability assay in normal (12months/25°C/60%RH) and accelerated conditions (6 months/40°C/75% RH) in order to test their performance in presence of different common excipients. Results show that higher purity profile correlates with enhanced stability and this could explain title discrepancies found in finished products found on the market worldwide.
Effective Features to Classify Ovarian Cancer Data in Internet of Medical Things
Authors: Elhoseny Mohamed , Bian Gui-Bin , Lakshmanaprabu S.K. , Shankar K. , Singh Amit Kumar , Wu Wanqing
Published: September 2018

Ovarian Cancer (OC) is a type of cancer that affects ovaries in women, and is difficult to detect at initial stage due to which it remains as one of the leading causes of cancer death. The ovarian cancer data generated from the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) was used and a novel approach was proposed for distinguishing the ovarian cancer by utilizing Self Organizing Maps (SOM) and Optimal Recurrent Neural Networks (ORNN). SOM algorithm was utilized for better feature subset selection and was also utilized for separating profitable, understood and intriguing data from huge measures of medical data. In supervised learning techniques, the SOM-based feature selection seems to be a tougher challenge because of the absence of class labels that would guide the search for relevant information to the classifier model. The classification approach can identify ovarian cancer data as benign/malignant. The ovarian cancer detection process can be improved by optimizing the weights of RNN structure using Adaptive Harmony Search Optimization (AHSO). The proposed model in this study can be used to detect cancer at early stages with high accuracy and low Root Mean Square Error (RMSE).
In-Situ Study of Road Marking Durability Using Glass Microbeads and Antiskid Aggregates as Drop-On Materials
Authors: Coves-Campos Andrés , Bañón Luis , Coves-García José Andrés , Ivorra Salvador
Published: September 2018

Road markings play an important role in road safety because they provide significant information to drivers about the road. For that reason, they must be replaced when they are not correctly perceived by road users. To analyse which are the main factors that affect road marking perception over time, a test section was designed in a two-lane rural highway, running actual traffic over 18 different types of markings fabricated with different combinations of drop-on materials. Chromatic coordinates, luminance and retroreflectivity of each sample were measured during 18 months in order to study its evolution over time. The results obtained show different behaviours depending on the aggregates and application method used. An increment of the durability has been observed with the use of different layers and mixtures of glass microbeads with different sizes.
Control of Power Electronics through a Photonic Bus: Feasibility and Prospects
Authors: Savio Paolo , Varatharajan Anantaram , Vizzaccaro Erasmo , Franco Giuseppe , Abrate Silvio , Pellegrino Gianmario , Curri Vittorio
Published: September 2018

The ubiquitous diffusion of Power Electronic Converters (PECs) in many fields of application including traction and energy conversion is suggesting the possibility of new and better integration of advanced power conversion and ICT services. This work investigates the possible advancements in the use of optical fibers for control of PECs, using Plastic Optical Fiber. The optical communication link connects the switching control to the converter control, following the line of separation between the expertises of the power electronic engineer and the control engineer. Control wise, the PEC becomes a black box compatible with any off-board controller, now immune from the Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) produced by the power switches. The redundant optical link is ready for the high switching (and sampling) frequencies possible with the use of SiC power semiconductor devices (100 kHz+). Distributed control of multiple PEC units and advanced telemetry for diagnostics and prognostics are targeted. A proof-of-concept demonstrator is presented and tested. Moreover, the possible evolution towards a power electronic cloud with remote management and orchestration is described.
Ethnic Considerations for Glaucoma: A Review
Authors: Bawn Matt
Published: September 2018

Glaucoma is undoubtedly a major worldwide disease and cause of blindness. The term glaucoma however encompasses a group of disorders with differing age of incidence, intraocular pressures and varying degrees of hereditability in which vision loss occurs through a characteristic mode of retinal ganglion cell death. There are also significant differences in frequencies of incidence and gene associations for this group of disorders amongst different groups of populations. The current literature often states definitive trends in incidence for ethnic groups that fail to take into account an overall genetic fine structure for these groups. The present review intends to present an overview of some of the background necessary to discuss the genetic basis of glaucoma before describing some of the literature concerning the illness in Gypsy, Japanese, Scandinavian, Latino (Mexican and Brazilian) and Sub-Saharan African populations. It is intended that this review will give the reader a clearer picture of the diversity of worldwide glaucoma presentation which perhaps prove to question the current Ethnic view.
Determination of Carbohydrate Composition in Lignocellulosic Biomass for Biofuel Production
Authors: Disco Singh Yengkhom
Published: September 2018

Carbohydrate composition of lignocellulosic biomass is one of the main factors for production of biofuel from the plant biomass. Various methods like Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) often used in determination of polysaccharide component of the plant biomass. However, used of such tools is based on the prediction and very costly. This paper discussed about the determination of carbohydrate composition (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) using the automatic fibre estimation system. The protocol was developed for the estimation of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin component of lignocellulosic biomass. This protocol explains a simple method to estimate the polysaccharide component of lignocellulosic biomass. This protocol can be used not only lignocellulosic biomass but also for other hardwood biomass. The advantages and techniques, procedures are presented below.
Effect of Natural Food Antioxidants Against LDL and DNA Oxidative Changes
Authors: Kiokias Sotirios , Proestos Charalampos , Oreopoulou Vassilki
Published: September 2018

Radical oxygen species formed in human tissue cells by many endogenous and exogenous pathways, cause extensive oxidative damage, which has been linked to various human diseases. This review paper provides an overview of lipid peroxidation and focuses on the free-radicals initiated processes of LDL oxidative modification and DNA oxidative damage, which are widely associated to the initiation and development of atherosclerosis and carcinogenesis, respectively. The article subsequently provides an overview of the recent human trials or even in vitro investigations on the potential of natural antioxidant compounds (such as carotenoids, vitamins C and E) to monitor LDL and DNA oxidative changes.
Conceptualising and Modelling e-Recruitment Process for Enterprises through a Problem Oriented Approach
Authors: Alamro Saleh , Dogan Huseyin , Cetinkaya Deniz , Jiang Nan , Phalp Keith
Published: September 2018

Internet-led labour market has become so competitive forcing many organisations from different sectors to embrace e-recruitment. However, realising the value of the e-recruitment from a Requirements Engineering (RE) analysis perspective is challenging. This research is motivated by the results of a failed e-recruitment project conducted in military domain which is used as a case study in this research. After reviewing the various challenges faced in that project through a number of related research domains, this research focuses on two major problems which are the (1) difficulty of scoping, representing, and systematically transforming recruitment problem knowledge towards e-recruitment solution specification; and (2) the difficulty of documenting e-recruitment best practices for reuse purposes in an enterprise recruitment environment. In this paper, a Problem-Oriented Conceptual Model (POCM) with a complementary Ontology for Recruitment Problem Definition (Onto-RPD) is proposed to contextualise the various recruitment problem viewpoints from an enterprise perspective and to elaborate those problem viewpoints towards a comprehensive recruitment problem definition. The POCM and Onto-RPD are developed incrementally using action-research conducted on three real case studies: (1) Secureland Army Enlistment, (2) British Army Regular Enlistment, and (3) UK Undergraduate Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS). They are later evaluated in a focus group study against a set of criteria. The study showed that the POCM and Onto-RPD provide a strong foundation for representing and understanding the e-recruitment problems from different perspectives.
Cancer Stem Cells in the Personalized Therapy of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Patsalias Athanasios , Kozovska Zuzana
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND: Treatment failure in primary as well as metastatic cancer patients, caused by chemo and radio resistance, has truncated the research for the applicability of personalized medicine. The use of stem cells and cancer stem cells in such a treatment approach will be reviewed in this study. RESULTS: CRC stem cells prove to be a promising asset for CRC treatment optimization both by serving as biomarkers for the current therapy modalities by means of treatment personalization and patient/tumor stratification, as well as in the development of targeted therapies, selective for the stem cell population. Similar conclusions are drawn, regarding mesenchymal stromal cells and their effect in CRC therapy; while resident stromal cells of tumor microenvironment seem to promote the tumorigenic and metastatic processes in addition to conferring to the chemo- and radio resistance, under certain conditions they are able to improve the treatment outcome of CRC chemotherapy, e.g. by targeted enzyme/prodrug treatment of CRC cells. CONCLUSION: This review, truncates the dynamic potential of cancer stem cells and other stem cell types in CRC treatment personalization as well as, in the improvement of current treatment approaches opting to a higher therapeutic rate, improved prognosis, survival and quality of life for CRC patients.
Protection Coordination of Properly Sized and Placed Distributed Generations–Methods, Applications and Future Scope
Authors: Katyara Sunny , Staszewski Lukasz , Leonowicz Zbigniew
Published: September 2018

The radial distribution networks are designed for unidirectional power flows and are passive in nature. However, with the penetration of Distributed Generation (DG), the power flow becomes bidirectional and the network becomes active. The integration of DGs into distribution network creates many issues with: system stability, protection coordination, power quality, islanding, proper placement and sizing etc. Among these issues, the two most significant are optimal sizing and placement of DGs and their protection coordination in utility network. The proper coordination of relays with high penetration of DGs placed at optimal location increases the availability and reliability of the network during abnormal operating conditions.This research addresses most of the available methods for efficient sizing and placement of DGs in distribution system (numerical, analytical and heuristic) as well as the developed protection coordination techniques for utility networks in the presence of DGs (Artificial Intelligence (AI), adaptive and non-adaptive, multi-agent, hybrid). This paper indicates the possible research gaps and highlights the applications possibilities and methods’ limitations in the area of DGs.
Comparison of Theoretical and Laboratory Out-of-Plane Shear Stiffness Values of Cross Laminated Timber Panels
Authors: Niederwestberg Jan , Zhou Jianhui , Chui Ying-Hei
Published: September 2018

The lay-up of cross laminated timber (CLT) leads to significant differences in properties over its cross-section. Particularly the out-of-plane shear behavior of CLT is effected by the changes in shear moduli over the cross-section. Results from laboratory shear tests are used to evaluate the shear stiffness of 3- and 5-layer CLT panels in their major and minor strength direction. The results are compared to calculated shear stiffness values on evaluated single-layer properties as well as commonly used property ratios using the Timoshenko beam theory and the shear analogy method. Differences between the two calculation approaches are pointed out. The shear stiffness is highly sensitive to the ratio of the shear modulus parallel to the grain to the shear modulus perpendicular to the grain. The stiffness values determined from two test measurements are compared with the calculated results. The level of agreement is dependent on the number of layers in CLT and the property axis of the CLT panels.
Impact of Snow-Darkening by Deposition of Light-Absorbing Aerosols on Snow Cover in the Himalaya-Tibetan-Plateau and Influence on the Asian Monsoon: A Possible Mechanism for the Blanford Hypothesis 
Authors: Lau William K. , Kim Kyu-Myong
Published: September 2018

The impact of snow darkening by deposition of light absorbing aerosols (LAAs) on snow cover over the Himalaya-Tibetan-Plateau (HTP) and influence on the Asian monsoon are investigated using the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System Model Version 5 (GEOS-5). We find that during April-May-June, deposition of LAAs on snow leads to a reduction in surface albedo, initiating a sequence of feedback processes, starting with increased surface solar radiation, rapid snowmelt in HTP and warming of the surface and upper troposphere, followed by enhanced low-level southwesterlies and increased dust loading over the Himalayas-Indo-Gangetic Plain. The warming is amplified by increased dust aerosol heating, and subsequently amplified by latent heating from enhanced precipitation over the Himalaya foothills and northern India, via the Elevated Heat Pump (EHP) effect during June-July-August. The reduced snow cover in the HTP anchors the enhanced heating over the Tibetan Plateau and its southern slopes, in conjunction with an enhancement of the Tibetan Anticyclone, and the development of an anomalous Rossby wavetrain over East Asia, leading to weakening of the subtropical westerly jet, and northward displacement and intensification of the Mei-Yu rainbelt. Our results suggest that atmosphere-land heating by LAAs, particularly desert dust play a fundamental role in physical processes underpinning the snow-monsoon relationship proposed by Blandford more than a century ago.
Sirolimus Therapy as Perioperative Treatment of Gorham-Stout Disease in the Thoracic Spine
Authors: Mo Andrew Z. , Trenor Cameron C. , Hedequist Daniel J.
Published: September 2018

Case:

Gorham-Stout disease (GSD) is a rare entity that is marked by progressive osteolysis and bone resorption. A 14-year-old boy who was being followed for scoliosis presented with a marked curve progression and kyphoscoliosis. Imaging revealed osteolysis of the posterior elements and the ribs, suggestive of GSD. The structural compromise threatened spinal cord compression. Preoperative sirolimus therapy was initiated to stabilize the disease prior to corrective instrumentation. A biopsy specimen that was obtained at the time of instrumentation showed lymphatic vascular spaces consistent with GSD. Sirolimus therapy with the addition of bisphosphonate therapy was continued postoperatively.

Conclusion:

To our knowledge, this case report is the first to describe sirolimus therapy combined with surgery for GSD of the spine. The patient did well with consecutive medical optimization and surgical intervention, including postoperative sirolimus and bisphosphonate therapy.
Temporary Sternoclavicular Stabilization Using an Innovative Blocking Technique with Kirschner Wires for the Treatment of Posterior Sternoclavicular Joint Injury in Adolescent Patients
Authors: Ishii Nariyoshi , Matsumura Noboru , Iwamoto Takuji , Sato Kazuki , Nakamura Masaya , Matsumoto Morio
Published: September 2018

Case:

A 15-year-old boy with a posterior physeal fracture-dislocation of the medial aspect of the clavicle and a 14-year-old boy with a posterior sternoclavicular joint dislocation were successfully treated with temporary sternoclavicular stabilization using an innovative blocking technique with Kirschner wires.

Conclusion:

When treating posterior sternoclavicular joint injuries, posterior instability should be securely stabilized. Temporary blocking stabilization of the sternoclavicular joint using Kirschner wires does not rigidly fix the sternoclavicular joint, but it prevents posterior displacement of the proximal aspect of the clavicle. This stabilizing technique is a simple, safe, and viable treatment option for adolescent patients with a posterior sternoclavicular joint injury.
Postoperative Seroma Formation After Posterior Cervical Fusion with Use of RhBMP-2
Authors: Wanderman Nathan R. , Drayer Nicholas J. , Tomov Marko , Reifsnyder Jeremy W. , Carlson Bayard , Robinson William , Kang Daniel G. , Freedman Brett
Published: September 2018

Case:

We present 2 cases of postoperative seroma formation following posterior cervical fusion with the use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2).

Conclusion:

Although some who advocate for the off-label use of rhBMP-2 in patients undergoing posterior cervical spine fusion believe it to be safe, relatively little has been published regarding complication rates. We believe that rhBMP-2 carries a risk of seroma formation in patients who undergo posterior cervical fusion, which necessitates the use of a postoperative drain. Surgeons should have a low threshold for obtaining postoperative magnetic resonance imaging in a symptomatic patient.
Intramedullary Nail Fixation of Tibial Shaft Fractures
Authors: Cereijo Cesar , Attum Basem , Rodriguez-Buitrago Andres , Jahangir A. Alex , Obremskey William
Published: September 2018

Intramedullary nailing is the most popular and widely used method for treating tibial shaft fractures. Intramedullary nailing involves minimal surgical dissection, allowing preservation of blood supply by not disrupting the soft tissue around the fracture. The procedure is performed with the following steps: (1) the patient is positioned supine on the radiolucent operating table with a bump under the ipsilateral hip; (2) a 4 to 6-cm longitudinal incision is made 2 to 4 cm directly proximal to the superior pole of the patella; (3) the quadriceps tendon is sharply incised at its midline and split longitudinally; (4) a cannula device with a blunt trocar and protective sleeve is inserted into the knee joint between the articular surface of the patella and the trochlea of the distal part of the femur, after which a second pin can be inserted through the cannula device and into the distal part of the femur to stabilize the cannula and keep it from backing out; (5) a 3.2-mm guide pin is inserted and placed resting at the junction of the articular surface and the anterior cortex of the tibia at the appropriate starting point in line with the intramedullary canal; (6) the guide pin is advanced 8 to 10 cm into the proximal part of the tibia, the inner centering sleeve is removed, and the cannulated entry drill is passed over the pin through the outer protective sleeve and used to ream down to the metadiaphyseal level of the proximal part of the tibia; (7) the fracture is reduced; (8) a ball-tipped guidewire is centrally passed across the fracture down to the level of the distal tibial physeal scar; (9) incremental reaming is performed, and the appropriate-size tibial nail is inserted down the tibial canal; (10) the appropriate nail position is confirmed radiographically, and distal interlocking screws are placed with a freehand technique, after which the proximal aiming arm is attached to the insertion handle and interlocking screws are drilled, measured, and placed into the proximal part of the tibia as well; and (11) all incisions as well as the quadriceps tendon are closed. Intramedullary nail fixation is a safe and effective method for treating tibial shaft fractures, and with appropriate surgical technique good outcomes and reproducible results can be expected. This soft-tissue-sparing method of fracture fixation achieves biomechanical stabilization of the fracture using a load-sharing device that allows for earlier postoperative ambulation.
Hodgkin’s lymphoma unmet medical needs in Brazil: experts’ perspective
Authors: Buccheri Valeria , Perini Guilherme , Penna Adriana , Silveira Talita , Bigni Ricardo , Pimenta Flavia , Cerci Juliano , Bacchi Carlos Eduardo , Oliveira Renato , Barreto Tania
Published: September 2018

Background: In 2016, Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (HL) was responsible for 2,470 new cases in Brazil and, despite recent scientific advances, there are unmet medical needs that affects patients’ outcome. Therefore, we aimed to explore the unmet medical needs in the management of HL patients in Brazil, based on experts’ perspective. Methods: A questionnaire was developed to address the unmet medical needs including barriers for the diagnosis and treatment of HL in Brazil. The questionnaire results were presented in a panel discussion to validate participants’ responses and to collect additional data. Main results: Eight experts participated in the panel. On both healthcare systems, public and private, a slight majority of patients was women and most of them were under 60 yearsold. In addition, the majority of patients were referred from another specialty on both systems. The time from onco-hematologist appointment to diagnosis was different between public and private sector (median of 30 and 12.5 days, respectively). Most patients in the public sector were on stage III (33%) and IV (33%); in the private sector, most patients were on stages II (36%) and III (24%). The most common barriers were the delayed diagnosis and the unavailability of diagnostic procedures and treatment options. Conclusion: According to participants, issues related to infrastructure and healthcare resource allocation affects the management of HL. Improvements in the infrastructure and educational measures for physicians and patients may contribute to minimize the barriers.
Análise de custo-efetividade da abiraterona para câncer de próstata metastático resistente à castração em pacientes com uso prévio de quimioterapia
Authors: Leal Lisiane , Alves Rafael José , Polanczyk Carisi Anne , Ribeiro Rodrigo
Published: September 2018

Objetivo: Avaliar a custo-utilidade e o impacto orçamentário (IO) da abiraterona para o tratamento de câncer de próstata resistente à castração, em pacientes previamente tratados com docetaxel. Métodos: Foi construído um modelo de Markov com ciclos mensais sob a perspectiva do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), em um horizonte temporal de cinco anos e taxa de desconto de 5%. A estimativa de efetividade foi oriunda do principal ensaio clínico dessa condição de saúde. Para dados de utilidade, aplicaram-se estimativas internacionais, enquanto para custos se utilizaram tabelas de remuneração do SUS. Para o IO, a população-alvo foi estimada com base em dados do Departamento de Informática do SUS (DATASUS). Resultados: A abiraterona ocasionou ganho de 1,045 ano de vida ajustado para qualidade (QALY) e 1,609 ano de vida ganho (AVG), enquanto para o placebo esses valores foram de 0,763 e 1,299, respectivamente. O custo total na estratégia abiraterona foi de R$ 83.295 e para o placebo, de R$ 2.895. A relação de custo-efetividade incremental (RCEI) foi de R$ 284.416 por QALY ganho. Em nenhuma das análises de sensibilidade os valores ficaram abaixo de R$ 100.000 por QALY. Mesmo quando variados simultaneamente seis parâmetros, todos no seu limite mais favorável à abiraterona, os resultados seguiram elevados, com RCEI de R$ 98.330 por QALY. O IO foi de R$ 270 milhões em cinco anos no cenário mais conservador (tempo médio de tratamento de 7,4 meses e 10% de novos casos/ano). Conclusão: A abiraterona se mostrou pouco custo-efetiva nesta situação clínica, com RCEI superior a nove vezes o PIB per capita por QALY, sendo os resultados robustos em análise de sensibilidade.
New treatment approaches for relapsing/refractory Hodgkin’s lymphoma: An overview of the Brazilian scenario
Authors: Perini Guilherme , Buccheri Valeria , Silveira Talita , Penna Adriana , Cerci Juliano Julio , Bacchi Carlos Eduardo , Fanti Luciana , Barreto Tânia
Published: September 2018

Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) is a B-cell malignancy with a classical bimodal distribution with incidence peaking in the third and sixth decades of life. The purpose of this review is to describe the current unmet medical need for relapsing/refractory HL and the main data of emerging treatments, including brentuximab vedotin, the immune checkpoint inhibitors nivolumab and pembrolizumab, as well as other compounds in development. Available guidelines for relapsing/refractory HL are discussed.
Częstość występowania i lekowrażliwość szczepów Propionibacterium acnes izolowanych ze zmian trądzikowych
Authors: Pruss Agata , Kwiatkowski Paweł , Masiuk Helena , Giedrys-Kalemba Stefania
Published: September 2018

ABSTRAKT Wstęp: Propionibacterium acnes jest patogenem współodpowiedzialnym za tworzenie się zmian chorobowych w trądziku pospolitym, najczęstszej przewlekłej chorobie skóry. Dotyka ona w większości osób w okresie dojrzewania, może występować także u noworodków oraz utrzymywać się u osób dorosłych. Zmiany chorobowe występują zwykle w okolicy gruczołów łojowych na skórze twarzy i pleców, rzadziej klatki piersiowej. Obecnie największym problemem jest narastanie oporności szczepów na antybiotyki stosowane miejscowo. Celem pracy było określenie częstości występowania P. acnes u pacjentów ze zmianami trądzikowymi w zależności od wieku i płci oraz ocena lekowrażliwości izolowanych szczepów. Materiały i metody: Przeanalizowano wyniki badań wykonanych u 470 pacjentów ambulatoryjnych w wieku 9–59 lat ze zmianami trądzikowymi. Materiał stanowiła wydzielina ropna pobrana ze zmian zapalnych na twarzy (64,3%), pleców (7,6%) oraz klatki piersiowej (28,1%). Wymazy posiewano na podłoże Schaedler Agar z dodatkiem 5% krwi baraniej i inkubowano w warunkach beztlenowych. Wrażliwość wyizolowanych szczepów na erytromycynę, klindamycynę, tetracyklinę i doksycyklinę oceniano zgodnie z wytycznymi EUCAST. Wyniki: Dodatnie wyniki posiewów w kierunku P. acnes stwierdzono u 84,0% pacjentów. Najwyższy odsetek posiewów dodatnich uzyskano w grupie wiekowej 21–30 lat (91,0%) i >50. r.ż. (88,2%), najniższy u osób w wieku 31–40 lat (78,2%). P. acnes częściej izolowano u mężczyzn (86,1%) niż u kobiet (81,7%). Wszystkie wyizolowane szczepy P. acnes były wrażliwe na doksycyklinę, jedynie 1,5% izolatów wykazało oporność na tetracyklinę. Odnotowano istotny statystycznie (p ≤ 0,05) wzrost oporności na erytromycynę i klindamycynę, z 29,6% w 2010 r. do 48,7% w 2014 r. Wnioski: Zmiany trądzikowe coraz częściej obserwuje się u osób dorosłych >21. r.ż. Zapadalność na trądzik u kobiet i mężczyzn jest porównywalna. Szczepy P. acnes wykazują dobrą wrażliwość na tetracykliny, natomiast niepokojąco narasta oporność na erytromycynę i klindamycynę.