bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EMILIO GABBA E LA BIBLIOTECA DI FAMIGLIA
Authors: Bono Francesco
Published: February 2024

The paper discusses the origins and the main features of Emilio Gabbaâ€™s familial library. It highlights the connection between his interests as a historian and the various books in the catalogue. The library itself was created in the 18th century by the Visconti, a family of notaries from Pavia, deeply connected with the cultural environment of the city and with its university. Among the most important books in this library, many works are written by historians and political thinkers, in addition to several legal texts. A few books underline the familyâ€™s interesting in Jansenism, which had spread to the university of Pavia, at the same time as the reforms wished by Empress Maria Teresa of Austria.
An In Vitro Comparative Study of the Push-out Bond Strengths of Various Endodontic Sealers to Radicular Dentin
Authors: El Sayed Mohamed Abdelaziz , Alderei Safiya Saeed
Published: February 2024

Background:

The bond strength of an endodontic sealer to the root dentin is an important factor in maintaining the integrity of the root canal seal. The present study aimed to assess the push-out bond strength of three endodontic sealers used with the single-cone obturation technique.

Materials and Methods:

The root canals of 40 central maxillary incisors were instrumented using ProTaper Universal NiTi rotary files. The roots were divided into 4 groups (N = 10) according to the type of root canal sealers: Group 1 (control group): AH Plus/Gutta-percha lateral condensation technique (LC); Group 2: AH Plus/Gutta-percha single-cone technique (SC); Group 3: GuttaFlow 2/SC; Group 4: Realseal SE/SC. After obturation, each tooth was prepared for push-out assessment. The total and sectional push-out bond strengths were measured and statistically analysed. Furthermore, failure modes were identified microscopically.

Results:

The results indicated that samples in the first group showed the highest total and sectional bond strengths. Samples from other groups showed statistically similar total bond strengths. The highest sectional bond strength was found mainly in the apical root sections. Cohesive failure was predominant for the first group, whereas adhesive failure was predominant in the other groups.

Conclusions:

It could be concluded that the dentin bond strengths of the tested sealers used with the single-cone technique were nearly similar but lower than those of AH Plus/LC. The highest sectional bond strength was observed in the apical thirds. The failure mode was mostly cohesive for AH Plus/LC and adhesive for sealers used with the single-cone obturation technique.
Giant cell collagenoma: Report of a rare tumor and review of literature
Authors: Behera Biswanath , Gochhait Debasis , Kumari Rashmi , Ayyanar Pavithra
Published: February 2024

Giant cell collagenoma (GCC) is a rare benign dermal fibrous tumor. Although it has many clinicopathological differential diagnoses, it is often confused with cutaneous sclerotic fibroma/storiform collagenoma (SF/SC) and dermatofibroma. The following characteristic features point to GCC’s diagnosis over the latter: the presence of peculiar multinucleated giant cells, and vimentin positivity of both single and multinucleated giant cells on immunohistochemistry. Most of the reported cases have mentioned that GCC is a variant of SF/SC. We report a rare case of GCC presenting as a slow-growing solitary firm nodule over the right ankle. To the best of our knowledge, only less than ten cases have been reported, including the index case. We have also reviewed the clinicopathological features of those cases and discussed the approach to the diagnosis.
Primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the ureter and renal pelvis: A case report
Authors: Namshiker Aparna A. N. , Kudchadker Amala J. , Pinto R. G. Wiseman
Published: February 2024

Primary adenocarcinoma rarely occurs in the upper urinary tract and accounts for less than 1% of the urothelial tumors. Here we present a case report of a 45-year-old female patient who presented with a lump in the abdomen and pain in the right lumbar region for 2 months. Various radiological investigations revealed right-sided hydronephrosis with enhancing masses in the right proximal ureter and renal pelvis associated with multiple calculi. A gross examination of the right nephrectomy specimen revealed multiple cystic areas filled with mucinous material and papillary projections in the renal pelvis. A necrotic growth was observed in the right proximal ureter in association with the staghorn calculus in the renal pelvis. Histological examination of the ureteric mass and solid areas from the renal pelvis showed acini and papillary projections lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium showing malignant changes. Surrounding areas also revealed intestinal metaplasia with moderate to marked dysplasia in some places. The ureteric malignancy was observed to infiltrate the inner two-thirds of the wall of the ureteric muscular layer and extend until the margin of excision. Thus, a diagnosis of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the ureter and renal pelvis with intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia that occurred in association with a large staghorn calculus was made.
Immunohistochemical expression of H3.3 G34W in 100 giant cell tumors of bone and its diagnostic mimics, including its value in resolving uncommon diagnostic scenarios: A single institutional study at a tertiary cancer referral center, India
Authors: Rekhi Bharat , Dave Vinayak , Butle Ashwin , Dharavath Bhasker , Khetale Sonali , Redhu Archana K. , Singh Rudransh , Dutt Amit
Published: February 2024

Background:

There can be a diagnostic challenge in differentiating giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) from its mimics. Lately, histone H3F3A (Histone 3.3) G34W has been identified as a promising immunohistochemical marker.

Aims:

This study was aimed at evaluating H3.3 G34W immunostaining in 100 GCTBs, including its value in resolving diagnostic dilemmas.

Materials and Methods:

Immunohistochemical staining for H3.3 G34W was graded in terms of staining intensity (1+ to 3+) and the percentage of tumor cells showing crisp nuclear staining.

Results:

One hundred GCTBs occurred in 58 males and 42 females (M: F ratio = 1.3), of 7-66 years age (average = 31.3, median = 28), commonly in distal femur (26), followed by proximal tibia (17), distal radius (12), proximal humerus (7), metacarpals (7), sacrum (6), proximal fibula (6), and relatively unusual sites (19), including a single multicentric case. Out of 92 GCTBs, wherein H3.3 G34W immunostaining worked, 81 (88.1%) showed positive staining in the mononuclear cells, including tumors with fibrous histiocytoma-like areas, sparing osteoclast-like giant cells, with 3+ staining intensity in 65/81 (80%) tumors. All 7/7 (100%) malignant GCTBs showed positive staining, including the pleomorphic/sarcomatous cells. All 7/7 (100%) metastatic GCTBs showed positive immunostaining. Seven out of 10 post-denosumab treated GCTBs showed positive H3.3 G34W immunostaining in the residual mononuclear cells. None of the other 37 “giant cell-rich” lesions displayed H3.3 G34W immunostaining. Four of 9 GCTBs tested for H3.3 G34W mutation showed positive results.

Conclusions:

The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of H3.3 G34W for GCTB were 88.1% and 100%, respectively. This constitutes one of the first reports from our country, further validating the diagnostic value of H3.3 G34W in differentiating GCTB, including metastatic and malignant forms from its mimics, including small biopsy samples. Its value in various diagnostic dilemmas is presented and utility in identifying residual tumor cells in post-denosumab treated GCTBs is worth exploring.
Histomorphometric and molecular characterization of stromal and mineralized components in fibro-osseous lesions
Authors: Grover Himani , Gulati Nikita , Juneja Saurabh , Shetty Devi Charan
Published: February 2024

Background:

Indistinct and analogous histopathological features of various fibro-osseous lesions make establishing a definitive diagnosis a challenge. There is a need for additional molecular and histochemical tools to support and differentiate these lesions in order to establish a concrete diagnosis.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective analysis of biopsied lesions in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections (10 cases each of fibrous dysplasia, ossifying fibroma, and cement-osseous dysplasia) retrieved from the archives was studied for immunoexpression of osteocalcin (quantitative analysis in osteocytes), collagen characterization using Azan, Picrosirus, and Toluidine blue stain for evaluating intensity and localization of collagen fibers, and morphometric analysis of vasculature (for evaluating mean vessel density as square microns).

Results:

Positive immunostaining of osteocalcin suggested mutations of the GNAS-1 gene found in fibrous dysplasia indirectly, as it is a negative regulator of bone formation. Osteocalcin immunopositivity was quantitatively measured in the fibro-osseous lesions, with fibrous dysplasia measuring 14.47 ± 3.628 as compared to ossifying fibroma measuring 5.23 ± 1.33, followed by cemento-osseous dysplasia measuring 2.30 ± 1.409. Toluidine blue suggests the presence of oxytalan fibers (resistant to acid hydrolysis) in ossifying fibroma and cemento-osseous dysplasia, pointing toward the pathogenesis of the lesion. Azan stain and Picrosirus (under a polarizing microscope) helped in distinguishing hard tissue characteristics (70% of cases of fibrous dysplasia showed only a magenta component followed by intermixed magenta with a blue component in 20% of cases and only 10% of cases showed magenta with blue borders whereas for ossifying fibroma, 40% of cases depicted magenta with blue borders along with the other 40% with intermixed magenta with blue component). The mean vessel density was also highest in fibrous dysplasia measuring 7.90 ± 1.079 (in Sq. micron area), followed by ossifying fibroma and cemento-osseous dysplasia.

Conclusion:

The diagnosis of fibro-osseous lesions by hematoxylin and eosin alone is confusing and thus should be supported by relatively simple histomorphometric analysis for better treatment outcomes. At the diagnostic stage of fibro-osseous lesions, evaluation of intralesional vessel size, reliable molecular marker, and histochemical nature can aid in differentiating fibrous dysplasia from central ossifying fibroma and cemento-osseous dysplasia alongside, other clinical, radiographic and pathological criteria. These parameters help in the diagnostic decision-making of fibro-osseous lesions.
Prevalence of childhood trauma in patients with psychiatric disorders and its association with perceived social support and suicide attempts: A cross-sectional observational study in a tertiary hospital in South India
Authors: Maheshwari Prerna , Jith Arya , Methala Sharon Paul , Mathew Kathleen Anne
Published: February 2024

Background:

Adverse childhood experiences include exposure of children to physical abuse, physical neglect, emotional neglect, emotional abuse, and sexual abuse. Children exposed to severe maltreatment and trauma during their early childhood are at a higher risk of early onset of psychiatric disorders.

Aim:

To find the prevalence of childhood adverse experiences in psychiatric patients and its association with perceived social support and suicidal attempts.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the psychiatry outpatient department at a tertiary care hospital in Kerala. Patients with a diagnosis of substance use disorders, psychotic disorders, mood disorders, and neurotic disorders according to ICD-10 (F10-F45) and in remission were included in the study. Institutional Ethical Committee approval and informed consent from the participants were obtained. Socio-demographic and clinical details were obtained. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form and Multidimensional scale of Perceived Social Support were administered. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test were employed for data analysis.

Results:

Eighty-five per cent of the subjects had a history of at least one type of childhood trauma. Emotional abuse was the most commonly reported type of trauma. Among patients with childhood trauma, 47.2% reported high levels of perceived social support, whereas 18.5% individuals reported a history of at least one suicide attempt.

Conclusions:

A significant proportion of patients with psychiatric disorders in an Indian setting have experienced childhood trauma. Childhood trauma in psychiatric disorders is associated with a higher risk of attempting suicide.
Impact of subjective sleep quality on objective measures of neurocognitive dysfunction in patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Berdzenishvili Ekaterine , Roinishvili Maya , Okruashvili Mariam , Kenchadze Vaja , Chkonia Eka
Published: February 2024

Background:

Sleep disturbances are prevalent in major depressive disorder (MDD). MDD and sleep disturbances are both linked to cognitive impairments. Studies exploring the mechanisms and impact of sleep disturbances on neurocognitive functioning in depressed patients are lacking and proper assessment and therapeutic interventions for sleep disturbances are not part of clinical management of MDD.

Aim:

We investigated the association between subjective sleep quality and neurocognitive dysfunction in patients with MDD.

Materials and Methods:

Patients with moderate MDD episode were matched and assigned to two groups with poor and good sleep quality. We used Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to assess sleep quality. To measure frontotemporally mediated cognitive functioning, following tests were administered: Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and degraded continuous performance test (CPT-DS). Two-tailed independent samples t tests or Mann–Whitney U tests and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were performed for the statistical analysis of sleep latency, sleep duration, overall sleep quality, CPT d’ value, WCST correct answers, errors, and perseverative errors.

Results:

Participants with MDD and poor sleep quality performed worse on cognitive tests compared to patients with MDD and good sleep quality. Scores of subjective sleep on PSQI positively correlated with WCST errors (r (60) =0.8883 P = .001) and negatively correlated with WCST correct answers (r (60) = -.869 P = .001) and measures of CPT-DS d’ value (r (60) = -.9355 P = .001).

Conclusions:

Poor sleep quality, notably sleep duration and sleep latency, worsens the neurocognitive impairments of MDD patients. As these impairments are found to be associated with treatment outcomes, sleep disturbances should be additionally assessed and treated in MDD episode.
QTc interval changes among patients on psychotropic medications: A prospective observational study
Authors: Munivenkatappa Shashidhara , Avula Vijaya Chandra Reddy , Upparakadiyala Rakesh
Published: February 2024

Background:

Psychotropic medications are commonly prescribed for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Various studies have reported QT interval (QTc) prolongation with the use of psychotropics. However, some studies have found no significant risk of QTc changes with these medications.

Aim:

To assess the effect of psychotropics on QTc in drug-naive psychiatric patients.

Materials and Methods:

Our study was a prospective observational study, conducted at a tertiary care hospital. Patients aged 18–45 years, drug-naïve, with no medical comorbidity or substance use history, were recruited for the study. ECG to assess QTc was recorded at baseline, second and fourth week after the starting of psychotropic medications.

Results:

N =8 (4%) patients had QTc prolongation at baseline and were excluded. No clinically significant QTc prolongation was noticed, after 2 weeks and 4 weeks of treatment with any of the psychotropic medications. However, among patients on escitalopram, a significant effect on QTc was noted (P = 0.001) as compared to those on sertraline, risperidone, and olanzapine (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

The short-term risk of QTc prolongation with the use of newer psychotropics at optimal doses appears low among young patients with normal baseline QTc and no significant medical or substance use comorbidity.
Exploring the association between depression and diabetes among type 1 and type 2 diabetic mellitus patients: A cross-sectional study in Gujarat, India
Authors: Murugan Yogesh , Trivedi Nidhi , Shah Viral , Jain Priyadarshini
Published: February 2024

Background:

Depression and anxiety are common among patients with diabetes mellitus and it affects the control of diabetes negatively. Depression is the third leading reason for the most disability-adjusted life years. Once depression coexists with diabetes mellitus, it is related to major health consequences and ends up in poor health outcomes.

Aim:

The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression in diabetes mellitus people and to find an association of depressive symptoms with sociodemographic and clinical predictors among patients with diabetes mellitus attending follow-ups at the general public hospital, in western Gujarat.

Materials and Methods:

It is an institutional-based cross-sectional study conducted among people living with diabetes mellitus at Tertiary Hospitals, Urban Health Training Center, and Rural Health Training Center. The study period was from January 2023 to May 2023. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Depression was assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire 9. The collected data were cleaned, edited, entered into MS Excel (2006), and analyzed using SPSS software (version 26). A P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

A total of 380 study participants were included in this study. Among 380 participants, 282 (74%) were having depressive symptoms. Of 282, 61 (21.6%) have mild depressive symptoms, 106 (37.5%) have moderate symptoms, 111 (39%) have moderately severe symptoms, and four (1.4%) have severe symptoms. Of 380 participants, 221 (58%) have clinical depression (moderate, moderately severe, and severe symptoms). Variables significantly associated with depression were marital status, number of family members, socio-economic status, type of diabetes mellitus, treatment given, presence of comorbidities, and duration of diabetes more than 5 years.

Conclusion:

The present study has shown a considerably higher amount of depression in diabetic participants. So, healthcare professionals should consider screening for depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 or other validated tools in all diabetic patients, especially in those who are at a higher risk.
Chapter 9: Management of Medullary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Deshmukh Anuja Dhananjay , Thomas Anand Ebin , Abraham Deepak Thomas
Published: February 2024

Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a thyroid cancer. Compared to differentiated thyroid cancer, MTC differs in its management and prognosis. Appropriate management of this cancer is essential to achieve better disease outcomes. In this article, the Indian Society of Thyroid Surgeons guidelines panel members conferred and developed a consensus on various clinical questions and recommendations for optimal workup, treatment, and follow-up. Surgery is the mainstay treatment option in curative and even palliative settings. Newer systemic treatments and prophylactic surgeries hold promise for the future.
Chapter 11: Pediatric Differentiated Thyroid Cancers
Authors: Satapathy Swayamjeet , Bal Chandrasekhar
Published: February 2024

The document discusses pediatric differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), focusing on papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), which is increasingly prevalent globally, including in India. Despite a more aggressive initial presentation in children, the long-term prognosis is generally positive. Key differences between pediatric and adult DTC are highlighted, such as a higher risk of malignancy in children with thyroid nodules and common RET/PTC gene rearrangements. There is a debate on the age cutoff for defining pediatric DTC, but the document suggests that 18 years is considered appropriate in the Indian context. Diagnostic methods, including ultrasonography-guided fine needle aspirate (FNA) and the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC), are emphasized. The importance of genomic analysis for indeterminate cytology is also proposed. Treatment approaches involve total thyroidectomy due to higher multifocality in children, with consideration of potential complications. Post-operative risk stratification, utilizing the TNM staging system, is seen as crucial and correlates with disease-free survival. Post-operative staging includes TSH-stimulated thyroglobulin (Tg) and anti-thyroglobulin antibody (ATg) levels, along with a diagnostic whole-body 131I scan to assess surgical completeness. Radioactive iodine therapy (RAI) is recommended for iodine-avid persistent/metastatic disease, with an empirical activity of 30 mCi for remnant ablation and adjustments based on age or weight. Regular follow-ups include monitoring TSH-suppressed Tg, Anti-Tg levels, and neck ultrasound. Dynamic risk stratification at 2 years refines risk based on treatment responses. Genetic considerations reveal prevalent RET fusion oncogene and less common BRAF mutations, which are associated with RAI refractoriness. In summary, the document provides a comprehensive understanding of pediatric DTC, emphasizing the need for tailored guidelines in the Indian context. It covers various aspects of diagnosis, surgery, and post-operative care, with a focus on age-appropriate management and ongoing research in this specialized field.
Chapter 7: Radioactive Iodine Treatment in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Agrawal Archi , Dhar Harsh
Published: February 2024

Radioactive iodine (RAI) has been used in the treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) since many decades. However, there is growing evidence to suggest that RAI may be avoided in low-risk group and is recommended in intermediate and high risk categories of DTC. This article incorporates literature review followed by a consensus of experts to conclude the role of RAI in DTC. The goals of RAI treatment, patient preparation, selection, and doses of RAI treatment in various risk categories are discussed. The follow-up after RAI treatment, side effects, and contraindications to RAI treatment are explained.
Chapter 3: Extent of Thyroidectomy
Authors: Gupta Neeti Kapre , Thankappan Krishnakumar
Published: February 2024

Extent of thyroidectomy is one of the most contentious issues in the management of differentiated thyroid cancers as surgical resection has definite implications on outcomes, complications, and adjuvant treatment and surveillance options. While there is reasonable clarity on either end of the spectrum, defining optimum surgery for intermediate thyroid cancers is crucial. This chapter has been compiled after reviewing relevant literature and aims to present an unbiased view on the topic. Authors have attempted to present practice recommendations on adequate surgery for primary thyroid cancer. These consensus guidelines have then been thoroughly reviewed by a task force. Thyroid being a favorable biological disease, conservative surgical techniques should be implemented to prevent avoidable morbidity. Precision surgery is important. Appropriate patient selection and personalized medicine-based decision-making are key.
Assessment of the condylar response of two differently anchored fixed functional appliances in class II malocclusion in young adult orthodontic patients: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Abo-Elmahasen Mahmoud M. Fathy , Elsaharty Mohamed , Abotaha Neven Fakhry , Mohamed Ahmed Abdel Salam
Published: February 2024

OBJECTIVE:

Measuring the condylar volume changes after treatment with skeletally anchored type IV Herbst appliance vs. Twin Force Bite Corrector (TFBC) in class II malocclusion in young adult patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Twenty class II malocclusion participants were randomly involved in our randomized clinical study. They are divided equally into two groups: group I (10 patients with an age range of 16 to 18 years and a mean age of (17.15 ± 0.62) (five males and five females) with a mean Angle formed between (A) point and (Nasion) point and (B) point, to determine anteroposterior relation between maxilla and mandible (ANB) of 6.20 (1.03) and a mean mandibular length of 106.1 (1.7), who were treated by a skeletally anchored type IV Herbst appliance, supported at the mandible by two mini-plates fixed bilaterally at the mandibular symphysis; group II (10 patients with an age range of 15 to 18 years and a mean age of (16.85 ± 0.33) (six males and four females) with a mean ANB of 6.80 (0.89) and a mean mandibular length of 107.3 (2.36), who were treated by a TFBC that was installed just mesial to the tube of the maxillary first permanent molar and distal to the bracket of the lower canine for 4 months. According to the Index of Orthognathic Functional Treatment Need (IOFTN) index, the participants in both groups have grade 4 (great need for treatment) as they have excessive overjet (6–9 mm). Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was taken just before installing fixed functional appliances and after the removal. The condylar volume was measured using Dolphin software. Parametric measurements were performed by the independent t-test, while non-parametric variables (percent change) were compared by the Mann-Whitney U–test.

RESULTS:

On the right side, the Herbst group recorded a percent increase (median = 1.23%), while TFBC recorded a median percent decrease (-7.85%). This change is statistically significant (P = 0.008).

CONCLUSIONS:

The difference in the condylar volume was significantly higher with the mini-plate anchored Herbst appliance than with the dentally anchored TFBC group.
Antimicrobial behavior of nanocoated orthodontic micro-implants: An in vitro study
Authors: Othman Samer Salim , El-Waseif Amr Abd-Elmonaem , Hameed Mohammed Abdullah , Abbas Qusay Adnan
Published: February 2024

OBJECTIVE:

The need to overcome the failure of orthodontic micro-implants which might reach to 30% has led to the development of different methods, one of which is nanoparticle deposition.

AIM OF STUDY:

To evaluate the anti-microbial efficiency of TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles (NP) when used as a coating for orthodontic micro-implants.

METHODS:

Thirty titanium alloy micro-implants were used in the presented study. They were divided into three groups according to the coating method and the coating materials used: the control group without surface coating; the titanium dioxide (TiO2)-coated group, in which direct current (DC) spattering was used to coat the micro-implants with a TiO2 layer; and the TiO2 and zinc oxide (TiO2ZnO)-coated group, in which the micro-implants were coated with a TiO2 layer via direct current (DC) spattering and a zinc oxide (ZnO) layer via laser vacuum. The micro-implant surfaces were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and an energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The antibacterial susceptibility was assessed using gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

RESULTS:

SEM and EDS tests confirmed the coating of the micro-implants in the TiO2- and TiO2ZnO-coated groups. The micro-implants in the TiO2- and TiO2ZnO-coated groups demonstrated higher antibacterial ability than the control group.

CONCLUSION:

This study demonstrated the significance of improving the surface of orthodontic micro-implants by coating them with TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles to improve osseointegration and prevent biofilm formation.
Evaluation of maxillary transverse dimensions in individuals with a unilaterally impacted canine
Authors: Alshalawi Ibtisam A. , Alnahad Dalal M. , Ardah Husam I. , Aboelmaaty Wael M. , Alrejaye Najla S.
Published: February 2024

INTRODUCTION:

The aim of this study was to investigate the maxillary width within individuals with a unilaterally impacted maxillary canine and to determine any association between the impacted canine location and some canine-related variables.

METHODS:

A cross-sectional analytical study using a split-mouth design included 22 CBCTs of individuals with unilaterally impacted maxillary canines (a total of 44 sides). The maxillary width was measured and compared in both impacted and non-impacted sides at various levels: basal, alveolar, and dental. The following canine-related variables were analyzed and compared with impaction location: impacted canine angulation, cusp tip distance from the occlusal plane, type of impaction (vertical or horizontal), presence of root resorption, deciduous teeth, or adjacent teeth transposition. Significance was considered at P < 0.05.

RESULTS:

There was a significant reduction in maxillary width on the impacted side at the following levels: maxillary first premolar alveolar crest in both coronal and axial sections, dental width measured from the central fossa of maxillary first molar to the midline, and width measured from the canine cusp tip to the midline. Moreover, the distance from the palatally impacted canine cusp tip to the occlusal plane was statistically significantly lower (7.6 ± 1.5 mm) compared to buccal (10.8 ± 3.3 mm) and mid-alveolus (12.0 ± 3.9 mm) impaction, (P values = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS:

There was a significant association between canine impaction and reduction in the maxillary width at least on the dental level. The palatally impacted canine cusp tip was significantly closer to the occlusal plane compared to the buccal and mid-alveolar impaction.
Lower molar distalization using clear aligners: Is it effective? A systematic review
Authors: Martina Horodynski , De Stefano Adriana A. , Ernesto Bottone , Alessandra Impellizzeri , Roberto A. Vernucci , Gabriella Galluccio
Published: February 2024

Distalization is one of the most useful movements in orthodontic treatments. The aim of this systematic review is to analyze the effectiveness of lower molar distalization using clear aligner therapy (CAT). An electronic search was made from January 2012 to October 2022 using PubMed, Scopus, and LILACS databases without language limitations. This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist. The search strategy resulted in 151 studies. A screening was performed to remove duplicates, and all the studies that did not respond to our questions for the title or abstract. Three studies underwent full text analysis. From the evaluation of the studies included in this review, it is possible to state that lower molar distalization is a clinical solution, but it is not a full bodily movement. CAT can provide more specifically a distal tipping movement. This is confirmed analyzing the discrepancy between expected movement and obtained movement. CAT can be considered a valid therapeutic option in patients with dental class III malocclusion, but it is obtained as a tipping movement instead of a body movement. Over-correction should be considered during the planning of the therapy.
Evaluation of the remineralizing effect of the chicken eggshell paste after removal of the fixed orthodontic appliance: An in vitro study
Authors: Abo-Elmahasen Mahmoud M. Fathy , Shaaban Adel M. , Elsaharty Mohamed , Mohamed Ahmed A. S. , Assadawy Mohamed I. , El Sayed Ibrahim Sabry
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:

Demineralization of the enamel surface, which appears as white spot lesions during and after removal of the fixed orthodontic appliance, is the most common disadvantage of the orthodontic treatment course. Using the remineralizing agents during and after orthodontic treatment helps to avoid those enamel defects.

OBJECTIVE:

The present study aims to assess the remineralizing effect of the chicken eggshell powder on the demineralized enamel surfaces after debonding the orthodontic bracket system.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The current study was performed on 80 prepared premolar crowns embedded into acrylic molds. The samples were prepared to receive routine steps of the bonding process for the bracket system. The paste of the chicken eggshell powder was added to the samples after the debonding process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) were used to evaluate the remineralization effect of the chicken eggshell powder. Also, the Vickers microhardness tester was used to assess the enamel surface microhardness.

RESULTS:

It was found that the mean value of the Ca/P ratio for the samples before bonding of the orthodontic bracket system was (4.17 ± 2.2). This value significantly decreased to (2 ± 1.3) after debonding of the orthodontic bracket system and then showed a significant increase to (4.79 ± 2.65) after remineralization. These results were assured by the values of the Vickers microhardness tester.

CONCLUSION:

The chicken eggshell powder has an excellent remineralization effect for the demineralized enamel surface after debonding the orthodontic enamel surface.
Influence of upper lip inclination on facial profile attractiveness: A perceptive analysis
Authors: Bora Prateeksha , Agrawal Poonam , Bagga Dinesh Kumar , Priya Kanak , Singh Neelam , Bhardwaj Rishibha
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:

One of the major objectives of orthodontic treatment is to improve facial attractiveness. To orthodontists, this means that the nose, lips, and chin form an attractive outline when the faces are viewed from one side. The aim of the study is to evaluate the influence of lip inclination on perceived attractiveness using North Indian observer ratings on profile silhouettes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A profile photograph of an Indian male and female were converted to silhouettes for the study using computer software. The lip inclination of the idealized profile image was altered in two-degree increments to create a series of profiles with different upper lip inclination angles and rated by laypersons on a Likert scale.

RESULTS:

An angle of 79° was deemed to be neither attractive nor unattractive. Therefore, within the range of 65°–75°, the pictures were deemed acceptable. Angles above or below this range, up to 91° were perceived as slightly unattractive, and anything outside the range of 93°–105° was deemed very unattractive.

LIMITATIONS:

The study is not generalizable to ethnic groups other than the North Indian population. Another limitation is the inability to visualize the entire face for a complete facial analysis.

CONCLUSION:

An upper lip inclination of 75°–85° in the male profile was associated with perceived attractiveness in all three groups whereas it was in the range of 65°–75° for a female profile. An upper lip inclination angle ranging from 95° to 105° was associated with unattractiveness in all three groups of observers and requires correctional intervention.
Displacement and stress distribution pattern during complete mandibular arch distalization using buccal shelf bone screws – A three-dimensional finite element study
Authors: Priya Parul , Jain Abhay Kumar , Prasad Raghu Ranjan , Singh Shresthaa , Kumar Abhishek , Kumari Priyanka
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:

To evaluate and compare the distribution of stress and displacement of teeth during mandibular arch distalization using buccal shelf screws.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Three three-dimensional finite element models of mandibular arch were constructed with third molars extracted. Models 1, 2, and 3 were constructed on the basis of the lever arm heights of 0 mm, 3 mm, and 6 mm, respectively, between the lateral incisor and canine. A buccal shelf screw was placed at the area in the second molar region with the initial point of insertion being inter-dental between the first and second molars and 2 mm below the mucogingival junction. MBT pre-adjusted brackets (slot size 0.022 × 0.028”) were placed over the clinical crown’s center with a 0.019 × 0.025” stainless-steel archwire on three models. A retraction force of 300 g was applied with buccal shelf screws and a lever arm bilaterally using nickel-titanium closed coil springs. The displacement of each tooth was calculated on X, Y, and Z axes, and the von Mises stress distribution was visualized using color-coded scales using ANSYS 12.1 software.

RESULT:

The maximum von Mises stress in the cortical and cancellous bones was observed in model 1. The maximum von Mises stress in the buccal shelf screw and the cortical bone decreased as the height of the lever arm increased. Applying orthodontic forces at the level of 6 mm lever arm height resulted in greater biomechanical bodily movement in distalization of the mandibular molars compared to when the orthodontic forces were applied at the level of 0 mm lever arm height.

CONCLUSION:

Displacement of the entire arch may be dictated by a direct relationship between the center of resistance of the whole arch and the line of action generated between the buccal shelf screw and force application points at the archwire, which makes the total arch movement highly predictable.
Challenges Related to Health Care for Iranian Women with Breast Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Atashi Vajihe , Mohammadi Sepideh , Salehi Zahra , Shafiei Zahra , Savabi-Esfahani Mitra , Salehi Kobra
Published: February 2024

Introduction:

COVID-19 has widely affected the health and care of people with chronic diseases, especially those with breast cancer. Because the health status of women with breast cancer in Iran has been unknown during the COVID-19 outbreak, we aimed to explore the challenges related to care of Iranian women with breast cancer during this pandemic.

Methods:

Using the qualitative content analysis design, 31 semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted from September 2020 to January 2021, with purposefully selected participants including 17 women with breast cancer, 7 health-care providers, and 7 family caregivers. Data were analyzed using the conventional content analysis.

Results:

Challenges related to health care for Iranian women with breast cancer can be classified into ten subcategories and three main categories. “Lack of specific functional and information resources,” “Limited equipment and active medical centers,” and “Intensification of the chemotherapy drug crisis” comprised the main category of “Inefficiency of care and treatment services.” “Lack of access to family caregiver,” “Ignoring the psychological burden imposed on patients,” and “Inadequate financial support from insurance organizations” were categorized as “Inadequate patient support.” “Avoiding receiving timely and appropriate treatment and care,” “Failure to accept self-responsibility for health,” “Misconceptions about COVID-19,” and “Ignoring breast cancer in the COVID-19 pandemic” comprised the subcategories of “ineffective self-care.”

Conclusion:

The present study provided a new understanding of the challenges regarding the health status of women with breast cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings could be used to develop effective interventions.
Problematic Internet Use and its Association with Anxiety among Undergraduate Students
Authors: Ranjan Lokesh Kumar , Gupta Pramod R. , Srivastava Mayank , Gujar Nilesh Maruti
Published: February 2024

Introduction:

The Internet has become an essential part of our daily life, especially the lives of adolescents and youth. With the growth of Internet users, there is also a growing concern about whether the use of the Internet is excessive and if so, whether it amounts to addiction or not. The present study aimed to find the Internet addiction and anxiety effects among undergraduate students.

Methods:

It was a cross-sectional study conducted among undergraduate students of Bhilai Institute of Technology, Durg and Yugantar Institute of Technology and Management, Rajnandgoan, Chhattisgarh selected using purposive sampling. The total enumeration method was obtained to select students. A total of 854 students were selected for the study. Students were assessed with sociodemographic datasheet, The Internet addiction test, and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale.

Results:

About 4.3% of the undergraduate students reported severe Internet addiction, 7.7% had moderate-to-severe level of anxiety. Internet addiction was found to have significant positive correlation with overall anxiety, psychic anxiety, and somatic anxiety symptoms. In regression analysis, anxiety contributes significantly to the prediction of Internet addiction among undergraduate students.

Conclusion:

Students are suffering from stress, anxiety, and depression may have a tendency to use the Internet excessively to relieve low mood, insomnia, fearfulness, feelings of guilt, and hopelessness.
Associations between Affiliate Stigma and Quality of Life among Caregivers of Individuals with Dementia
Authors: Hu Yi-Ling , Chang Chih-Cheng , Lee Chiu-Hsiang , Liu Chieh-Hsiu , Chen Yi-Jung , Su Jian-An , Lin Chung-Ying , Griffiths Mark D.
Published: February 2024

Introduction:

The associations between affiliate stigma, caregiving burden, psychological distress, and quality of life (QoL) among family caregivers of people living with dementia (PwD) have been demonstrated in the literature. However, there is a dearth of literature regarding how these factors could form a psychological mechanism. The present study proposed a theoretical model to portray the relationships between these factors.

Methods:

Utilizing convenience sampling and cross-sectional study design, 275 family caregivers (145 females [52.7%]; mean age = 52.71 years) were recruited from a general hospital from October 2013 to September 2014. Each participant completed the following instruments in a quiet room in the general hospital without disturbance: Caregiver Burden Inventory, World Health Organization QoL Questionnaire-Brief, Affiliate Stigma Scale, and Beck Anxiety Inventory alongside the Taiwan Depression Questionnaire (assessing psychological distress). Structural equation modeling was used to examine the proposed theoretical model.

Results:

Affiliate stigma (standardized coefficient [β] = −0.338; P = 0.011) and psychological distress (β = −0.538; P < 0.001) were negatively associated with QoL, caregiving burden was positively associated with psychological distress (β = 0.818; P < 0.001), and affiliate stigma was positively associated with caregiving burden (β = 0.793; P < 0.001). Moreover, a significant mediated effect was observed between affiliate stigma and QoL via sequential mediators of caregiving burden and psychological distress (unstandardized coefficient = −1.17 and 95% confidence interval = −1.88, −0.46).

Conclusion:

Affiliate stigma, caregiving burden, and psychological distress are key factors contributing to low QoL among family caregivers of PwD. Health-care providers should design programs to help reduce affiliate stigma, caregiving burden, and psychological distress for family caregivers of PwD to facilitate their QoL.
Functional outcome of direct anterior versus posterior approach in total hip arthroplasty: a propensity-matched Asian study
Authors: Loh Bryan , Padki Akshay , Yew Andy , Pang Hee Nee
Published: February 2024

Introduction:

The direct anterior approach (DAA) to total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a surgical approach that minimises soft tissue trauma, resulting in faster rehabilitation when compared to a posterior approach (PA). This study aimed to evaluate the difference between the two groups in an Asian cohort using propensity score matching.

Methods:

A retrospective review of prospectively collected registry data of 794 primary THAs was performed. The effects on patients with DAA THA versus patients with PA THA were investigated. Propensity scores were generated using logistic regression to adjust for confounding variables of age, gender, body mass index and diagnosis. Data analysis was performed, and statistical significance was defined as a P value < 0.05.

Results:

The average length of stay (LOS) for the PA group and DAA group was 5.4 days and 2.9 days, respectively (P < 0.001). One (1.9%) patient from the PA group suffered a posterior dislocation 6 months after surgery and subsequently underwent revision surgery 2 years later. No dislocations were detected in the DAA group. The DAA group had better functional outcome, satisfaction and expectation scores at 6 months and 2 years.

Conclusion:

In this study, patients who underwent DAA THA had better functional outcome at 2 years and almost 2 days shorter overall LOS than those who underwent PA THA. Therefore, the DAA to THA is a novel technique that has shown improved functional outcomes, with fewer complications compared to PA THA.
Analysis of a preimplantation genetic test for aneuploidies in 893 screened blastocysts using KaryoLite BoBs: a single-centre experience
Authors: Chen Nai Qing , Si Cay Reen , Yung Shin Chyi , Hon Sook Kit , Arasoo Jayanthi , Ng Soon-Chye
Published: February 2024

Introduction:

Does euploidy of trophectoderm (TE) biopsies correlate with conventional blastocyst morphological, maternal age and implantation potential?

Methods:

This is a one-centre, retrospective, observational study.

Results:

Eight hundred and ninety-three blastocysts were biopsied; 57.73% were euploid. The euploidy rate was found to be significantly higher for the embryos with good morphology of inner cell mass (ICM) and TE. Between ICM and TE morphology variables, TE was more predictive of the euploidy rate. When broken down into different age groups, the percentage of good morphology embryos remained similar across all age groups, while the percentage of euploid embryos dropped with increasing age. These results suggest that the correlation between blastocyst morphology and ploidy status was present but poor. Faster growing day 5 blastocysts showed a significantly higher euploidy rate than slower growing day 6 or 7 blastocysts. The number of good-quality blastocysts per cycle, euploid blastocysts per cycle and the euploidy rate were strongly associated with maternal age. A trend towards an increased implantation rate was found with euploid embryo transfers compared to the control group without preimplantation genetic test for aneuploidies (PGT-A).

Conclusions:

Blastocyst morphology, rate of development and maternal age were found to be significantly associated with euploidy rate. There is a trend that suggests PGT-A may help to improve the pregnancy rate, but it is not statistically different, and therefore, PGT-A remains an unproven hypothesis. Due to the limitation of a small size of the control group, further studies with more data are needed.
Effect of Cyclo-Pentane Impurities on the Autoignition Reactivity and
Properties of a Gasoline Surrogate Fuel
Authors: Lopez-Pintor Dario , Abboud Rami , MacDonald James , Lee Sanguk
Published: February 2024

Surrogate fuels that reproduce the characteristics of full-boiling range fuels
are key tools to enable numerical simulations of fuel-related processes and
ensure reproducibility of experiments by eliminating batch-to-batch variability.
Within the PACE initiative, a surrogate fuel for regular-grade E10 (10%vol
ethanol) gasoline representative of a U.S. market gasoline, termed PACE-20, was
developed and adopted as baseline fuel for the consortium. Although extensive
testing demonstrated that PACE-20 replicates the properties and combustion
behavior of the full-boiling range gasoline, several concerns arose regarding
the purity level required for the species that compose PACE-20. This is
particularly important for cyclo-pentane, since commercial-grade cyclo-pentane
typically shows 60%–85% purity. In the present work, the effects of
the purity level of cyclo-pentane on the properties and combustion
characteristics of PACE-20 were studied. Chemical kinetic simulations were
performed to predict the effects of cyclo-pentane impurities on the properties,
octane rating, and autoignition reactivity under homogeneous charge
compression-ignition conditions of PACE-20. From the numerical results,
cyclo-pentane with 85% purity or higher is required to reasonably match both the
research octane number and motor octane number of the target gasoline. Finally,
homogeneous charge compression-ignition engine simulations show that impurities
have only a modest effect on reactivity at naturally aspirated conditions, but
cyclo-pentane purity is critical to properly replicate the pressure dependency
of the reactivity.