bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AWARENESS OF MOTHER WITH BABY PACIFIER
Authors: Tarek Yasmine , AlMubarak Shymah , Aljassem Zahraa , Al_Aliwi Sajidah , Albagshi Maryam
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Pacifiers consist of a latex or silicone nipple with a firm plastic shield and handle and are available in different forms and sizes. This is used in infant for colling and calming effect on infant however, it is related to many disadvantage and side effect on teeth of the infants. In this study we aimed to a Assess the interrelation between different on-nutritive sucking habits, pacifier use and thumb/digit sucking. Besides, Investigate the relationships between various non-nutritive sucking habits and occlusion in the primary dentition. Methodology: Following a comprehensive literature review, the questionnaire was designed and used for data collection. Then, a crossâ€sectional survey was distributed throughout the internet for two months (October - November 2019) to 200 mothers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The mothers answered 16 questions, where 5 of them were self-administered, while the others followed the pacifier and their effect on Breastfeeding and teeth. Initially, the participants have answered inquiries about the demographic information. Results: The results of our study include 202 mothers in which 55.9 % were between 18 -30 years old while 88.6 % of married while 6.4 % were widowed and the rest were divorced. Moreover, 67.3 % of mothers in this study started breast feeding but stopped it, while 15.3 % still breast feeding partially, 12.9 % still breasting feeding exclusively and 4.5 % never breast fed during the process of the survey. 58.9 % of mothers agree about the use of pacifier with their infants where younger mothers were more intended to agree about using of pacifier. Considering the reason behind using of pacifier, mothers reported that 74.3 % of mothers using pacifier because of its comfort or soothing effect. Moreover, 47.1 % of the sample thought that best time to start using pacifiers is from first week of birth and 49 % of mothers in this study thought that pacifier should be used for 4 hours per day. Finally, most of mother thought that the ideal time of pacifier cessation before the first year (45%). Conclusion: As with all infant care practices, there may be multiple factors influencing the parental decision to use or not use a pacifier for the infant. Some of these factors (e.g., concerns about nipple confusion, dental concerns) may be the result of misinformation. As pacifier use has been associated with a reduced risk for SIDS, it is important for health care providers to understand and be able to address the concerns that parents may have about pacifier use. In the hospital setting, providers should be aware that parents may have strong preferences about getting educated regarding pacifier use and its consequences.
TECHNOLOGY AND HEALTHCARE: DEVELOPMENT OF ROBOTIC SURGERY AND ITS APPLICATION
Authors:   Mahidol University International Demonstration School., Mcfadden Thame , Mcfadden Mersey ,   Mahidol University International Demonstration School.
Published: August 2021

Modern technology has changed our daily lives in many ways such as communication, transportation, and especially in terms of medication. Such medical technologies include robotic surgery. Robotic surgery, considered as new technology as the first one, PUMA 560, was first introduced in 1985 for stereotaxic operation- inserting a needle into the brain for biopsy. Robotic surgery helped surgeons to perform complex tasks and subjects to minimize trauma errors that might occur due to imprecision. The implications of robots are still in the early stages and there are many concerns with the use of robots in the medical field, especially in surgery. Such problems are but are not limited to safety, ethics and morals, and its ability compared to humans. In this paper, we will begin with the history and general use of robot both in daily life and the medical field and we will explore laparoscopic surgery before we deeply elaborate on the use of robots, Da Vinci (the first robotic surgery approved by the Food and Drug Administration for laparoscopic surgery). Then we will illustrate the highlighted case performed by robotic surgery and compare between robots. Last but not least, we will analyze whether robots might replace surgeons in the future and how they might impact us both positively and negatively.
CALCIPHYLAXIE SYSTEMIQUE A EXPRESSION PENIENNE: A PROPOS DUN CAS
Authors:   Service dUrologie, CHU MohamedVI Marrakech, Maroc., Aarab Mouaad , Ait Ouali Rachid ,   Service dUrologie, CHU MohamedVI Marrakech, Maroc., Allali Rachid ,   Service dUrologie, CHU MohamedVI Marrakech, Maroc., Amine Lakmichi Mohamed ,   Service dUrologie, CHU MohamedVI Marrakech, Maroc., Dahami Zakaria ,   Service dUrologie, CHU MohamedVI Marrakech, Maroc., Said Moudouni Mohamed ,   Service dUrologie, CHU MohamedVI Marrakech, Maroc., Sarf Ismail ,   Service dUrologie, CHU MohamedVI Marrakech, Maroc.
Published: August 2021

La calciphylaxiea expression penienne est une entite extremement rare avec un taux de mortalite tres eleve, sa physiopathologie est encore mal connu Linsuffisance renale chronique terminale et le diabete sont les principaux facteurs incrimines. Deux strategies therapeutiques peuvent etre envisagees, soit une penectomie partielle soit totale et cela en fonction de letendu des lesions. Le meilleur traitement est preventif a type de prise en charge de lhyperparathyroÃ¯die secondaire et des troubles phosphocalciques.Nous rapportant ici le cas dun patient diabetique, hemodialyse chronique qui a presente une gangrene seche de la partie distale de la verge revelant une calciphylaxie du penis, levolution a ete marque par le deces du patient cinq jours apres le geste operatoire par un choc septique.
FACTORES DE RIESGO Y MICROBIOLOGIA DE NINOS CON FIEBRE Y NEUTROPENIA EN UN HOSPITAL NAVAL DE TERCER NIVEL
Authors:   Departamento de Infectologia Pediatrica De Centro Medico Naval., Castro Laura Gabriela Espinosa
Published: August 2021

Resumen: La neutropenia es una consecuencia directa de los farmacos antineoplasicos o citotoxicos que reciben las personas con cancer. Conocer los factores de riesgo delos pacientes, con respecto a la microbiologia, para poder dirigirel abordaje y tratamiento, corregir de manera oportuna las condiciones del paciente y con esto reducir el porcentaje de morbi- mortalidad. Objetivos: Definir epidemiologia de nuestro hospital y los factores de riesgos asociados a los pacientes pediatricos hematooncologicos con fiebre y neutropenia. Metodos: Investigacion clinica y cientifica, cuantitativo y cualitativo,descriptivo, observacional, retrospectivo, se tomaron datos de los expedientes electronicos y fisicos, asi como resultados de laboratorios de pacientes pediatricos oncologicos de Centro Medico Naval, pacientes que a su llegada se inicio el protocolo de fiebre y neutropenia, con toma de cultivos y tratamiento empirico antimicrobiano. Resultado: Se describio la epidemiologiia del Centro Medico Naval, se encontraron que de estos datos el tiempo de evolucion entre el diagnostico de cancer y la aparicion de fiebre y neutropenia por Gram negativos en 2 meses tuvo una asociacion (p= 0.017), no asi para los microorganismo multidrogoresistente y betalactamasas de espectro extendido en un periodo de 6 meses (p=0.62), el estado nutricional no se asocio con la aparicion de microorganismos oportunistas en los cultivos (p= 0.94). Conclusion: Determinar la epidemiologia de manera individual de cada institucion es de vital importancia , ya que cada uno difiere de manera importante y es importante para la toma de decisiones en el manejo medico de estos pacientes . Existe tipos de huespedesinmunocomprometidosy una gran variedad de microorganismos que se relacionan especificamente con cada uno de los defectos inmunitario, no se demuestra una relacion entre la infeccion por microorganismos oportunistas y la presencia de neutropenia severa, ni tampoco entre el tiempo de enfermedad mayor a dos meses y la aparicion de bacterias Gram negativas, BLEE positivas y MDR.
THE ACTION OF SOME CYTOKININ-TYPE COMPOUNDS ON THE ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION CAPACITY OF PLANTS IN CONDITIONS OF UNFAVORABLE VARIATION OF HUMIDITY AND REPEATED WATER STRESS
Authors:   Institute of Chemistry,Chishinau, Republic of Moldova., Anastasia Stefirta ,   Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Chishinau, Republic of Moldova., Ion Bulhac ,   Institute of Chemistry,Chishinau, Republic of Moldova., Lilia Brinza ,   Institute of Chemistry,Chishinau, Republic of Moldova.,   Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Chishinau, Republic of Moldova., Eduard Coropceanu ,   Tiraspol State University, Chishinau, Republic of Moldova.
Published: August 2021

The effect of cytokinin-type compound on the capacity of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic system of antioxidant protection by plants in conditions of humidity fluctuation and repeated drought were studied. As subjects served the plants Glycine max (Merr) L.cultivar Nadejda, grown in the Mitcherlih vegetation pots with volume of 40 kg soil and exposed to the drought stress at the phases first trifoliate leaf and flowering ÃƒÂƒÃ‚Â¢ÃƒÂ‚Ã‚Â€ÃƒÂ‚Ã‚Â“ pods formation. The antioxidant protection capacity of soybeans pre-treated with cytokinin, thiourea and with the composition Polyel + phytohormones (AIA, Gb, CK)is ensured both by the intensification of the activity of antioxidant enzymes and by the increase of content of non-enzymatic substances with low molecular weight.After restoring the optimal moisture content, the plants pre-treated with thiourea and Polyel + F more fully restore their functional processes.
SPONTANEOUS RUPTURE OF HYDATID CYST OF LIVER IN THE PERITONEAL CAVITY WITH INTACT PROLIGEROUS MEMBRANE: ABOUT ONE CASE AND LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors:   Service De Chirurgie Viscerale, Hopital Militaire Avicenne -Marrakech -Maroc., Zeroual Ahmed , Hamoune Nabil ,   Service De Radiologie, hopital Militaire Avicenne -Marrakech., El Guazzar Ahmed ,   Service De Chirurgie Viscerale, Hopital Militaire Avicenne -Marrakech -Maroc., Baba Hicham ,   Service De Chirurgie Viscerale, Hopital Militaire Avicenne -Marrakech -Maroc., Ramraoui Essaid ,   Service De Chirurgie Viscerale, Hopital Militaire Avicenne -Marrakech -Maroc., El Khader Ahmed ,   Service De Chirurgie Viscerale, Hopital Militaire Avicenne -Marrakech -Maroc., Lahkim Mohammed ,   Service De Chirurgie Viscerale, Hopital Militaire Avicenne -Marrakech -Maroc., El Barni Rachid ,   Service De Chirurgie Viscerale, Hopital Militaire Avicenne -Marrakech -Maroc.
Published: August 2021

Rupture of hydatid cyst of liver with intact proligerous membrane is rare. We report the case of a 63 year-old female patient presenting with right hypocondrium pain without fever or jaundice. Diagnostic imaging examination showed hydatid cyst in segment IV of liver associated with pelvic cystic lesion measuring 12 cm x 06 cm. Surgical exploration revealed ruptured unilocular hydatid cyst of the liver with intact proligerous membrane and free in the peritoneal cavity. This study aims to report a new case of intraperitoneal rupture of hydatid cyst of liver with intact proligerous membrane and to highlight the diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties due to this complication.
CHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EVOLUTION OF SOME SYNTHESIZED CHALCONES AND HETROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
Authors: N. Lodhi Geeta , Nayak Amit
Published: August 2021

Pharmaceutical chemistry is focused on quality aspects of medicines and aims to assure fitness for the purpose of medicinal products. With centuries medicinal chemistry had emerged as a magnanimous field of science getting a facelift from the available natural compounds for synthesis of newer and complex molecules possessing medicinal activity while the transit from the earth to a synthetically furnished laboratory. Medicinal chemistry or pharmaceutical chemistry is a discipline at the intersection of chemistry and pharmacology involved with designing, synthesizing and developing pharmaceutical drugs. Chalconesis a generic term given to compounds bearing the 1,3-diarylprop2-en-1-one, which can be functionlized in the propane chain by the presence of olefinic, keto and/or hydroxyl group. Chalcones belongs to the flavonoid family. Chemically chalcones consisted of open chain flavonoids in which the two aromaticrings are joined by a three carbon a,ÃŸ-unsaturated carbonyl system (Dhar, 1981). Microorganisms are a heterogeneous group of several distinct classes of living beings. They were classified under third kingdom, theProstita. Based on differences in cellular organization and biochemistry, the kingdom prostita has been divided into two groups, Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. Bacteria and blue green algae are prokaryotes while fungi, other algae, slime moulds and protozoa are eukaryotes. Anti-fungal drugs are among the most frequently prescribed preparations because of their fungal activity. They are widely used for the treatment of the fungal diseases such as Candidiasis and Apergillosis. These agents prevent from fungal infection. Anti-oxidant drugs are among the most frequently prescribed preparations prevent Oxidation.
ENDOMETRIOSE VESICALE : A PROPOS DUN CAS
Authors:   Service De Gynecologie C, Chu Ibn Rochd, Casablanca., M. Sefrioui , S. Benbouchaib ,   Service De Gynecologie C, Chu Ibn Rochd, Casablanca., L. Daif ,   Service De Gynecologie C, Chu Ibn Rochd, Casablanca., H. Boufettal ,   Service De Gynecologie C, Chu Ibn Rochd, Casablanca., S. Mahdaoui ,   Service De Gynecologie C, Chu Ibn Rochd, Casablanca., N Samouh ,   Service De Gynecologie C, Chu Ibn Rochd, Casablanca.
Published: August 2021

La localisation vesicale de lendometriose est rare. On rapporte une observation chez une femme de 44 ans prise en charge au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Rochd (CASABLANCA). Depuis un an, elle presentait des douleurs pelviennes, une dysurie et une hematurie macroscopiqueconcomitants aux menstruations. Les arguments cliniques et echographiques avaient fait suspecter une endometriose vesicale et un traitement chirurgical demble etait pratique, les differents aspects etiopathogeniques, cliniques et therapeutiques sont discutes a la lumiere dune revue de la litterature.
BIODIVERSITY OF PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZING FUNGIISOLATED FROM AGRICULTURAL FIELDS OF MARATHWADA REGION
Authors:   Department of Microbiology,Maulana Azad College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Aurangabad., Qayum Parwez , Shaikh J.D. ,   Department of ZoologyMaulana Azad College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Aurangabad.
Published: August 2021

Fungi are the core components of soil microorganisms, accounting for more of the soil biomass than bacteria, depending on soil depth and nutritional requirements. In the current study, phosphate solubilizing fungi were isolated from the soil of Maharashtras Marathwada area, and all fungal isolates were examined for their ability to solubilize phosphate.Only 11 fungal isolates out of a total of 40 were found to have P-solubilizing activity. After 48 hours of incubation, the fungal isolates Aspergillus niger (PQ9), Trichoderma spp (PQ36), and Penicillium spp (PQ19) demonstrated a considerable zone of solubilization with 34, 31 to 30 mm on selective agar medium. The potent phosphate solubilizing fungi were identified in 18SrRNA analysis.The study, therefore, proposed that these fungal species have strong phosphate solubilizing properties and can be used for excellent crop productivity as a biofertilizer.
CERVICAL PULPOTOMY IN MATURE PERMANENT TOOTH WITH CARIOUS EXPOSURE: 3-YEAR-FOLLOW UP CASE REPORT
Authors:   Resident doctor, Faculty of dentistry (FMDC), Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics. CCTD-CHU IBN Rochd. Casablanca- Morocco., Bouchra Doumari , Sofia Drouri ,   Specialist doctor, Faculty of dentistry (FMDC), Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics. CCTD-CHU IBN Rochd. Casablanca- Morocco., Soukaina El Kharroubi ,   Resident doctor, Faculty of dentistry (FMDC), Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics. CCTD-CHU IBN Rochd. Casablanca- Morocco., Hafsa El Merini ,   University professor. Faculty of dentistry (FMDC), Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics. CCTD-CHU IBN Rochd. Casablanca- Morocco.
Published: August 2021

Objective. The objective of this case study is to manage irreversible pulpitis in a mature permanent molar with a conservative and cost-effective therapy, which is cervical pulpotomy. Summary. A cervical pulpotomy was performed on the second permanent mandibular molar with an irreversible pulpitis in a 30-year-old female patient.Taking the age of the patient and the condition of the underlying pulp tissue into account, cervical pulpotomy was planned to preserve the vitality of the intact root pulps using MTA. Follow-up examinations at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and 3 years revealed positive clinical and radiological results. The high success rate reported in this clinical case also in all systematic reviews for pulpotomy suggests that this procedure can offer an alternative to root canal treatment in teeth with irreversible pulpitis.
Evaluation of systematic risk, corporate governance, and cash holdings: evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Azis Musdalifah , Hadjaat Michael , Rositawati  , Caisar Darma Dio
Published: August 2021

Profits that are calculated to finance unexpected cash need expedite management. This paper investigates the effect of corporate governance on cash holdings with systematic risk as a moderating variable. The population consists of companies from the property and real estate sectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2012–2020. Through the purposive sampling technique, the sample obtained 41 companies as the study object. Data analysis is focused on panel data and its interpretation through the Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). Hypothesis testing uses statistical terms at the 5% probability level. Important findings underline that corporate governance has a positive significant effect on cash holdings, while systematic risk has a negative insignificant effect. On the other hand, the moderation between corporate governance and cash holdings through systematic risk is positive significant. Systematic risk reflects the reliability of a stock; when the risk is higher, it tends to increase in cash flow situations, and investors prefer high-risk investments with the expectation of profit from returns. It is hoped that future contributions will serve as reference material for academics, government, and companies engaged in the financial service sector.
MOLECULAR DEREPLICATION OF VOLATILE OILS FROM Saururus cernuus L. AND EVALUATION OF ANTITrypanosoma cruzi ACTIVITY
Authors: Brito Juliana , Costa-Silva Thais , Londero Vinicius , Baldim João , Tempone Andre , Ferreira Edgard , Lago João
Published: August 2021

The present study reports the molecular dereplication and the evaluation of anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity of volatile oils from inflorescences, leaves, branches, and roots of Saururus cernuus L. (Saururaceae). Chemically, the oils showed the predominance of sesquiterpenes in inflorescences (64.04%) and branches (63.82%), with b-sesquiphellandrene (25.50%) and (E)-caryophyllene (22.40%) corresponding to the main constituents of each oil. Furthermore, it was possible to detect safrole as the most predominant compound in the leaves oil (49.09%). On the other hand, the oil from roots was mainly composed by monoterpenes (84.60%), with limonene in higher concentration (38.41%), followed by α-pinene (20.19%), and camphene (14.71%). The oils from inflorescences and branches displayed higher antitrypanosomal potency with EC50 values of 7.1 and 8.8 μg mL-1, respectively, followed by the oils from the roots and inflorescences, with EC50 values of 17.3 and 30.4 μg mL-1, respectively. Additionally, branches and inflorescences oils displayed no toxicity in mammalian NCTC cells (CC50 > 200 μg mL-1). Using two PLS-DA methods, it was possible to suggest that the anti-T. cruzi activity of the tested oils could be associated with the presence of β-sesquiphellandrene, safrole, β-elemene, and α-zingiberene whereas threo-austrobailignan-5, β-sesquiphellandrene, α-humulene, germacrene D, and bicyclogermacrene play a role in the cytotoxicity against NCTC cells.
To the Explanation of the Annalistic Tolkoviny
Authors: Korolev Alexander S.
Published: August 2021

The “tolkoviny” mentioned in “The Tale of Bygone Years” (“Povest’ Vremennych Let”) about Oleg’s campaign against the Greeks in 907, can be taken as a characteristic given by the chronicler to the participants of the campaign. It is not clear who this characteristic applies to, although there is a tendency to apply it to the Tivertsy. There is extensive scholarship devoted to the meaning of the word “tolkoviny”. There are many options offered. The most common meaning is “allies” or “translators” (currently the latter is considered preferable). In the context of the information about the relationship between the Rus’ and the Slavs in the famous work of Constantine Porphyrogenitus, it can be suggested that the chronicle sheds a new light on the nature of these relations. Meanwhile, the word “tolkoviny” is unique. Besides the story about the campaign of Oleg in the chronicle, a similar word is used only in the “Igor’ Tale”. The author of the article suggests that the search for the meaning of the word “tolkoviny” should be stopped, and it should be admitted that there is an error in the text made in the early chronicles, and then repeated many times later. Instead of “tolkoviny” in the original source, the explanatory word “tolkovaniye” was inserted somewhere, which got into the main text in the process of rewriting. The purpose of the phrase inserted after the list of the Slavs-participants of the campaign of Oleg, (without “tolkoviny”) was simply to draw the reader’s attention to how the Greeks called part of the Slavs “Great Scythia”.
Рre-war Personal Pensions for Relatives of Prominent Citizens
Authors:   Management of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation in the city of Gus-Khrustalny of the Vladimir region, Kapustina Olga V.
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the practice of awarding a personal pension on the occasion of the loss of a breadwinner to the relatives of people outstanding in the sphere of culture, science and revolutionary movement in the period of 1920–1930. The main sources for analysis include the pension documents kept in the State archive of the Russian Federation as well as the personal cases on the issue of granting pensions being in the process of consideration. In particularly, the archival documents revealed information concerning the pension provision of the relatives and inheritors of L. Tolstoy’s, F. Dostoevsky’s, N. Chernyshevsky’s, M. Glinka’s, and F. Dzerzhinsky’s. The documents in questions describe the difficulties they faced during the early decades of the Soviet period. A special emphasis in the applications is placed on health problems as personal pensions were granted only to disabled or elderly citizens. The author underlines that the number of relatives of outstanding people was more numerous than the one of ordinary people receiving personal pensions. It included not only minor children, brothers, sisters, spouse and parents, but adult grandchildren, nephews and nieces. It is noteworthy that the dependence of the applicants on the deceased breadwinners was not always proved. The results of the research indicate that awarding a personal pension for the loss of a breadwinner became one of the means to honor the memory of those who provided outstanding service to the Soviet Republic.
From Power of Bonds to a Medieval State
Authors:   Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera), the Russian Academy of Sciences, Goubanov Ilya B. , Khlevov Alexander A. ,   Sevastopol State University
Published: August 2021

Two fundamentally different phases of social development in archaic Scandinavia can be identified. Judging by the fact that the long house of frame construction of the patrilocal extended family, who had been keeping an oðal for generations, emerged in the early Scandinavian Bronze Age around 1800 BC and existed for three millennia, including the so-called “Viking Age”, it is possible to assume that the traditional Scandinavian society of bonds had existed all this time until 1179–1180 in Denmark. The odel system had developed; this land was inherited by males and passed down from generation to generation. Often three generations of relatives — the head of the oðal with his wife and his adult sons with their wives and children as well as numerous household members and house slaves — lived under the same roof in a long house with central rectangular hearths along the axis. The king had the right to call out militia of bonds, which under the leadership of its leaders — strong and wealthy bonds — was quite capable of resisting the king’s not large squad and often dictated terms to it. The kings were chosen at þings — assemblies of armed men of districts where legal issues were settled. The formation of early medieval states in Denmark took place in the last quarter of the 12th century. The king Valdemar and Bishop Absalon after a period of the so-called “civil wars” supported by professional heavy cavalry defeated the militia and disarmed bonds, who were now assigned only agriculture work, taxes to the crown and the church and service to the new feudal lords.
The Spanish Republic’s Diplomatic Mission to Moscow during Civil War. Part 2
Authors:   Queen’s University, Kowalsky Daniel
Published: August 2021

The Spanish Civil War played a unique role in the Soviet Union’s geo-political strategies in the second half of the 1930s. The conflict marked the first occasion that Moscow participated in a foreign war beyond its traditional spheres of influence. But Soviet involvement in the Spanish war went far beyond the sale of armor and aviation to the beleaguered Spanish Republic. While Moscow organized and supported the creation of the International Brigades, on the cultural front, the Soviets sought to roll out a broad program of propaganda, employing film, poster art and music to link the destinies of the Slavic and Hispanic peoples. If scholars have succeeded in recent years to rewrite the history of many components of Soviet participation in the Spanish Civil War, diplomatic relations between the Republic and Moscow remain an unexplored theme. This is the conclusion of a two-part article that explores declassified, unpublished official documents, as well as memoirs, newsreels, private letters and the press, to offer the first narrative history of the Republican embassy in Moscow. In part one, the diplomatic rapprochement between the USSR and Spain in 1933 was explored as a prelude to the exchange of ambassadors following the outbreak of the civil war in summer 1936. The posting of the young Spanish doctor Marcelino Pascua to a newly recreated Moscow embassy was then examined in detail, up to the end of summer 1937. In the second part, the successes, failures and denouement of Pascua’s mission are set against the backdrop of the Republic’s dwindling fortunes in the civil war.
Catholic-Orthodox Relations in Poland during the Pontificate of John Paul II
Authors:   Pontifical University of John Paul II, Romański-Cebula Sławomir
Published: August 2021

The article is an attempt to analyze mutual relations of two biggest Churches in Poland: Catholic Church, which has had a historically and demographically dominant position, and the biggest minority Church — Polish Orthodox Church. The time of the pontificate of Pope John Paul II (1978–2005) was a period of intense inter-religious and ecumenical dialogue. There were many meetings among representatives of both Churches. On the basis of the reports from the above-mentioned meetings, statements of hierarchs of both Churches, and official documents, the author presents the history of mutual relations pointing out both hardships and successes in the ecumenical dialogue. One of the obstacles worth mentioning in the religious dialogue is Uniatism. It constituted the most relevant barrier for the dialogue in Poland. Antagonisms perpetuated throughout centuries have evoked negative emotions until now. However, theological problems were much easier to solve. There had been other successes achieved in this field: the agreement on theological understanding of sacraments, along with indicating the dominating role of the Eucharist, and the mutual recognition of baptisms. The Catholic-Orthodox dialogue in Poland placed in a wider international context of inter-religious relationships can be evaluated as burdened with difficulties but developing, with its historical peak during the pontificate of John Paul II. Despite the barriers which still exist, it has to be stated that many significant matters have already been solved. Numerous undertaken incentives have survived and have become a starting point for further efforts. However, favourable conditions are needed.
Diachronous Settlement on the Territory of the Turgay Trough
Authors:   Kostanay Social and Technical College, Podzuban Elena V.
Published: August 2021

The article introduces into the scholarship the collection of findings of prehistoric material culture obtained at Bestamak during the stationary studies of 2001 field season. The total area of the archaeological site is 260,000 m2. It was excavated by Turgay expedition in the 1980s. Bestamak settlement is situated on the Turgay trough connecting the West Siberian and Turan plains. In the west, the Turgay trough is bounded by the Trans-Ural Plateau; in the east — by the Kazakh upland and spurs of the Ulutau mountains. Natural and geographical features of Turgay trough allow for their cultural layers to mainly contain diachronous material, with Bestamak serving as an example. Due to this specificity, the collections of stone industry discovered in the monuments of the Turgay trough should be studied on the basis of technical and typological analysis, the main parameters of which being products of primary cleavage; morphological parameters of the plates, the size of plates and tools on the plates; percentage ratio of ingots and tools from plates and rock flakes; secondary processing methods; typological composition of tool kit. The composition of raw materials is used as an independent indicator. In the course of the research, the author concluded that the primary cleavage, nuclei “rejuvenation” and secondary processing of blanks were performed on the site of the settlement. Judging by the results of the technical and typological analysis, the stone industry was deposited from the end of the Mesolithic-the Early Neolithic to the Late Eneolithic. The Neolithic stone industries, starting from the early and late Eneolithic, are predominant at Bestamak. The presence of Mesolithic and Early Eneolithic stone industries on the site is just an assumption. Fragments of ceramics and metal products suggest that people stayed at Bestamak until Late Bronze.
“&” — “Or” — “If ” — “Then” (“&” — “Eller” — “Hvis” — “Så”) by Solvej Balle: Identifying genre
Authors:   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University), Orlova Gayane
Published: August 2021

The aim of this article is to contribute to a deeper understanding of Danish minimalism by performing a genre analysis of Solvej Balle’s four short prose books (brief fictional prose) — “&”, “Or”, “If ” and “Then” — written over a 23-year period, between 1990 and 2013. The four texts are connected by a commonality of motifs and thematic elements, identical form and linguistic structure and therefore they comprise a rather unusual tetralogy. Balle’s texts are viewed in the context of the development of Danish literature of that period with an emphasis on minimalist aesthetics and their origins. Balle belongs to a generation of writers associated with the flourishing of minimalism in Danish literature at the end of the 20th century. The characteristic features of her few works are their intellectual elitism and elaborate, sophisticated form. All of her works are experimental, but the four texts of the “tetralogy” are the quintessence of a genre experiment in search of a new minimal aesthetic. The article deals with the characteristic features of the formal organisation of the four books, including their linguistic structure that indicate the cross-genre nature of Balle’s texts and allow to identify them as a hybrid of a pointillist novel and a prose poem.
Buckling of a clamped supported cylindrical shell
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Nesterchuk Grigory A.
Published: August 2021

The paper considers problem of buckling of a thin elastic cylindrical shell, supported by rings of various stiffness. The approximate solution for clamping edge was obtained with analytical Rayleigh-Ritz method. The parameters of the optimal distribution of the mass of the structure between the shell and the stiffeners are found in order to maximize the critical pressure. Frames with zero eccentricity are considered. The obtained analytical solutions are compared with the solution by the finite element method.
On the regions containing all the zeros of polynomials and related analytic functions
Authors:   University of Kashmir, Rather Nisar Ahmad , Dar Ishfaq ,   University of Kashmir, Iqbal Aaqib ,   University of Kashmir
Published: August 2021

In this paper, by using standard techniques we shall obtain results with relaxed hypothesis which give zero bounds for the larger class of polynomials. Our results not only generalizes several well-known results but also provide better information about the location of zeros. We also obtain a similar result for analytic functions. In addition to this, we show by examples that our result gives better information on the zero bounds of polynomials than some known results.
Fixed point theorems for new contractions with application in dynamic programming
Authors:   Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Touail Youssef , El Moutawakil Driss ,   Sultan Moulay Slimane University
Published: August 2021

In this study, we give a generalization of the well-known Reich fixed point in the setting of general topological spaces with τ -distances. As applications of the obtained result, we prove some fixed point theorems for new contraction types in metric spaces. Moreover, we establish the existence and the uniqueness of solutions for a class of functional equations arising in dynamic programming.
Determination of the transition curve between flow modes during filtering an acid through a chemically active porous medium
Authors:   Oil and gas centre of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Plavnik Rinat A. , Zavialov Ivan N. ,   Oil and gas centre of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Konyukhov Andrey V. ,   Joint Institute of High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vetoshkin Denis S. ,   Oil and gas centre of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
Published: August 2021

It is known that during the filtration flow, if the displacing liquid can chemically react with the skeleton while emitting a gas phase, then this flow mode may be unstable. During the filtration process, pressure fluctuations will be observed, and the displacing fluid will move in waves called “acid waves”. Our research suggests a simple theoretical model that gives a qualitative explanation of the causes of this phenomenon. We conducted laboratory simulations and detected the boundary of the appearance of “acid waves”, depending on the concentration of the chemically active component. At the same time the theoretical model can also predict the appearance of “acid waves” in the laboratory experiment, which will allow scaling the studied phenomenon in the future.
Crisis formation in Russia’s relations with the European Union and the Western community: Prospects for changes
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Izotov Alexander
Published: August 2021

The article analyzes the current crisis in relations between Russia and the European Union (EU) which is part of a more global crisis in the relations between Russia and the Western community that can be analyzed in terms of the Russian-Western “cool war” concept. Firstly, the main trends in relations between Russia and the EU since the early 1990s are analyzed within three main dimensions of their interactions (economic interdependence; political values and institutions; foreign policy dimension) in the context of relations between Russia and the Western community. The article then examines how the current crisis and its key factors (relations between Russia and the EU in their common neighborhood; mutual sanctions regimes established by Moscow and Brussels against each other; transformation of the relations between Russia, the EU and its member states as a result of the crisis) are analyzed and discussed by the Western and Russian academic and expert communities. Specific attention is paid to the issues and problems that are prioritized by Russian and Western scholars, how they have been studied, how the scholars and experts reveal the causes and consequences of the relevant aspects of the current crisis in the EU-Russia relations in the context of a more global confrontational stagnation in the relations between Russia and the Western community. Conclusions are made regarding prospects for any changes in the current crisis of EU-Russia relations, and the factors that could stimulate or limit these changes are outlined.
Microwave-assisted, Copper-free Sonogashira Coupling Between Aryl Halides and Terminal Alkynes Using Recyclable Ionic Liquid and Catalyst
Authors: Duc Dau Xuan , Quoc Nguyen Van
Published: August 2021

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An efficient method for the Sonogashira coupling reaction between aryl halides and terminal alkynes has been developed. The reaction was performed in ionic liquid 1-butyl-3- methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim][BF4]) under microwave irradiation. High yields of products were obtained in a very short reaction time. Moreover, the medium and catalyst could be recovered and reused three times without considerable decrease in reaction yields.
Ruthenium Metal: Uplifting Regioselective C-H Activation
Authors: Pal Munish , Purohit Priyank , Upadhyay Prabhat
Published: August 2021

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Construction of the C-C bond has been a challenge for organic chemists because of the reactivity of carbon atoms. The development of nucleophilic carbon was started with the Grignard reagent, enolate, and then ylide, however, the aromatic carbon activation was challenging till the era of organometallic chemistry. The organometallic chemistry was recognized when the Nobel Prize 2010 was given for the C-C bond forming organmetallic reaction; however, the pre functionalization of the C-H bond was an additional step with halogenated reagent, which was the limitation of this reaction. Later, the C-H activation with organometals like Pd, Ru, Cu, Rh, and other transition metal came into existence, where the directing group and metals were found to be sufficient to form the nonreactive C-C bond. In spite of several organometals, Ru acquired a special place due to the reactivity, cost and, stability. Various C-H activation reaction protocols were reported with their high regioselectivity as well as high atom economy. The C-H activation protocol involves the next level of development like SP3, SP2 ortho, meta, and para C-H activation. Here, our aim is to summarize the information regarding Ru and their ortho -regioselective reactions with the help of directing groups. The reader will benefit from the concept and the mechanism of C-H activation with the relevant examples, which have been summarized herein with the various Ru based regioselective reactions through weak and strong coordination of metal and substrate.
Relationship between Physiological Health Status, Lifestyle Behaviors, and Cardiovascular Disease Among Adults in Two Arab Countries
Authors: AbuAlUla Nada A. , Elshatarat Rami A. , Yacoub Mohammed I. , Elhefnawy Khadega Ahmed , Aljohani Mohammed S. , Saleh Zyad T. , Abu Raddaha Ahmad H.
Published: August 2021

Purpose:

Identify the relationships among participants’ lifestyle and their perceptions toward physiological health status.

Methods:

This is a cross-sectional research study. A convenience sampling was used to recruit 480 adult clients from Jordan and Saudi Arabia.

Results:

The majority of the participants (48.8%) rated their physiological health status as sub-optimal health. Significant positive associations were found between participants’ perceptions about physiological health status as ‘healthy’ and their positive lifestyle and low-risk behaviors for Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). Specifically, the associations were between not being smoker (χ2 = 4.17, p = 0.04), practicing physical activity (χ2 = 60.9, p < 0.001), eating ≥ 5 cups of fruits and vegetables daily (χ2 = 8.33, p = 0.004), and being normal/under-weight (χ2 = 65.5, p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Perception about poor/sub-optimal physical health status is associated with many CVD risk factors. Using a brief screening tool to assess physical health status is recommended at each clinic visit. In addition, periodic physical assessment, full check-up, and follow-up with healthcare providers are highly suggested for those who perceived their physical health status as “poor” to prevent further CVD. Health education is pressingly recommended to improve the awareness of these Arab communities toward the prevention of CVD risk factors and enhancement of positive lifestyle behaviors.
KRİPTO PARA BİRİMLERİ ARASINDAKİ FREKANS ALANLI NEDENSELLİK İLİŞKİNİN ANALİZİ
Authors: BÜBERKÖKÜ Önder
Published: August 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmada günlük veriler kullanılarak Binance coin (BNB), Bitcoin cash (BCH), Stellar (XLM) ve Cardano’dan (ADA) oluşan dört kripto para birimi arasındaki nedensellik ilişkileri incelenmiştir. Yöntem: Nedensellik analizlerinde Breitung ve Candelon (2006) frekans alanı nedensellik testinden yararlanılmıştır. Karşılaştırma amacıyla çalışmada Toda ve Yamamoto (1995) nedensellik testine de yer verilmiştir. Bulgular: Toda ve Yamamoto (1995) nedensellik testi inceleme kapsamındaki tüm kripto para birimlerinin fiyatları arasında çift yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisinin söz konusu olduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışmanın ana konusunu oluşturan Breitung ve Candelon (2006) frekans alanı nedensellik testi ise ilgili kripto para birimlerinin fiyatları arasında tek tip / basit bir nedensellik ilişkisinin söz konusu olmadığını, piyasaya dönük bilgi akışına göre nedensellik ilişkisinin yönünün, boyutunun ve istatistiki anlamlılığının değişebileceğini göstermektedir. Sonuç: Yapılan analizler kripto para piyasalarında yatırım yapan yatırımcılar için özellikle düşük frekanslarda hangi kripto para birimlerindeki fiyat hareketlerine bakarak önceden diğer kripto para birimlerindeki fiyat hareketleri konusunda bilgi sahibi olunabileceği konusunda oldukça önemli bilgiler sunmaktadır.
KİŞİ-ÖRGÜT UYUMUNUN İŞ TATMİNİ VE İŞ STRESİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİNDE AFFETMENİN ARACI ROLÜ: SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARI ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: YILDIRIM Gizem , AŞIKOĞLU Şennur , UZUNBACAK Hasan Hüseyin , AKÇAKANAT Tahsin
Published: August 2021

Amaç: Bu araştırmada, sağlık çalışanlarının kişi-örgüt uyumlarının, iş tatmini ve iş stresi üzerindeki etkisinde, affetmenin aracılık rolünün olup olmadığının tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Araştırmanın örneklemini 300 sağlık çalışanı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada anket yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Hazırlanan anket formları kolayda örnekleme yöntemi ile katılımcılara elektronik olarak iletilmiştir. Verilerin analizini gerçekleştirmek adına doğrulayıcı faktör analizi, betimleyici istatistikler, korelasyon ve regresyon (yol) analizleri uygulanmıştır.
Bulgular: Değişkenler arası ilişkilere bakıldığında kişi-örgüt uyumu ile iş tatmini arasında ve kişi-örgüt uyumu ile affetme arasında pozitif bir ilişki olduğu görülmüştür. Kişi-örgüt uyumu ile iş stresi arasında ise negatif bir ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır.
Sonuç: Araştırma bulgularına göre, kişi-örgüt uyumu ve affetmenin iş tatmini ve iş stresi üzerinde anlamlı etkileri olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kişi-örgüt uyumunun iş tatmini ve iş stresi üzerindeki etkisinde affetmenin aracı rol oynadığı görülmüştür. Elde edilen bulgular daha önce gerçekleştirilmiş araştırma sonuçları bağlamında tartışılmıştır.
Efficacy of the pectoral nerve block type II and paravertebral block for enhanced recovery after breast cancer surgery
Authors: Martsiniv V.V.
Published: August 2021

Background. Breast cancer surgery is associated with severe postoperative pain and increased frequency of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). It slows down patients’ mobilization in the postoperative period. Regional anesthesia provides better analgesia and can be part of enhanced recovery after surgery. The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of the pectoral nerve block type II, paravertebral block, and systemic analgesia concerning the opioids consumption, PONV, time to first food intake, and mobilization of patients in the perioperative period of breast cancer surgery. Materials and methods. Ninety-one adult women after unilateral radical mastectomy or quadrantectomy with axillary dissection were enrolled and randomized into three groups depending on the type of anesthesia. The control group included only patients with general anesthesia (GA), pectoral block group — GA plus pectoral nerve block type II with ropivacaine 0.375% 30 ml, and paravertebral block (PVB) group — GA plus thoracic paravertebral block with ropivacaine 0.5% 20 ml. The evaluated variables included opioids consumption during and after surgery, the occurrence of PONV, the time to the first feeding, and first mobilization in the postoperative period. Results. The dose of fentanyl during the operation was 2.6 (2.07‑3.62) μg/kg/h in the control group, 2.3 (1.86‑2.94) μg/kg/h in the PB group, 1.9 (1.62‑2.24) μg/kg/h in the PVB group (p = 0.003). Nine patients (31 %) in the control group, 8 patients (27 %) in the PVB group, and 6 patients (19 %) in the PB group required analgesia with promedol 2% after surgery (p = 0.542). The time to getting out of bed in the control, PB and PVB groups was 360 (150–360) min, 170 (120–240) min, and 162.5 (120–240) min, respectively (p = 0.003), and the time to the first meal was 360 (240–360) min, 165 (120–240) min, and 180 (120–220) min, respectively (p < 0.001). The incidence of PONV was the lowest in the PB group — 6 vs. 27 vs. 31 % in the PVB and control groups, respectively (p = 0.027). Conclusions. Among studied methods of analgesia in breast cancer surgery, the pectoral nerve block type II has the greatest advantages for enhanced recovery after surgery.
Experience of using local anesthetic combinations
Authors: Kozlovsky Yu.K. , Makogonchuk A.V. , Kozlovska I.Yu.
Published: August 2021

Background. The general toxic effects of local anesthetics on vital organs are the most severe side effects of regional blockades. The purpose was to study the effectiveness and safety of combined solutions of local anesthetics in the brachial plexus block. Materials and methods. Forty-nine patients were divided into 2 study groups. The first group (controls) consisted of 24 individuals who received a solution of 0.5% bupivacaine 36 ml (180 mg) with adrenaline 1 : 200,000 as an adjuvant to block the brachial plexus. The second group (main) consisted of 25 patients, who were treated with a mixture of 2% lidocaine 12 ml (240 mg) and 0.5% bupivacaine 12 ml (60 mg) diluted with a solution of 0.9% NaCl 12 ml and adrenaline 1 : 200,000 as an adjuvant. Results. In the first group (bupivacaine), the onset time of sensory block averaged 11.3 ± 4.3 minutes, motor block — 21.0 ± 7.8 minutes. The motor block duration was 894 ± 237 minutes. In the second group (mixture), the onset time of sensory block averaged 8.0 ± 3.6 minutes, motor block — 14.0 ± 6.2 minutes, which was significantly less than in the first group. The duration of the motor block was 539 ± 186 minutes. The longest postoperative analgesia was registered in the bupivacaine group — 984 ± 263 minutes. The duration of postoperative analgesia in the main group was slightly shorter — 612 ± 210 minutes. Conclusions. The proposed combination of local anesthetics bupivacaine and lidocaine allows reducing the bupivacaine dose by three times, which decreases the toxic complications of conduction anesthesia. The clinical use of the proposed drug combination reduces the duration of the latent period and provides long-term postoperative analgesia.