bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atividade física, propósito de vida de idosos ativos da comunidade: um estudo transversal
Authors: Ferreira Duarte Tarcia Cristina , Da Silva Lopes Higo , Morais Campos Hércules Lázaro
Published: November 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: A atividade física feita de maneira regular tem grande eficácia no retardo do declínio fisiológico do processo do envelhecimento, mantém e otimiza a capacidade física, melhora a funcionalidade e tem expressão no propósito de vida na velhice. OBJETIVO: caracterizar e descrever as condições sociodemográficas, físicas e de propósito de vida em um grupo de idosos praticantes de atividade física regular no interior do Amazonas. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com idosos ativos da comunidade que realizam atividade física em suas comunidades por pelo menos 3 vezes na semana em torno de 50 minutos. Estes foram avaliados através de questionários e escalas validadas:  Mini Exame Exame Estado Mental (MEEM), Teste de Trilha, Propósito de Vida, Teste Short PhysicalPerformanc e Battery (SPPB), Índice de Comorbidades Funcional, Escala numérica de dor e foram coletados dados referentes às características sociodemográficas. RESULTADOS: Dos 36participantes,100% são naturais do interior do Amazonas; 28 (77%) sobrevivem com renda mensal de salário mínimo; 27(75%) relatam sentir dor em alguma parte do corpo e 21(58,3%) apresentaram sobrepeso ou obesidade grau 1,33(91,6%) diz se sentir bem quando pensam no passado e no futuro. CONCLUSÃO: apesar de sentir dor, de baixa renda e baixa escolaridade,os idosos praticam atividade física que traz benefícios como manutenção da saúde física, diminuição dos sintomas depressivos, percepção de realização, motivação, satisfação e felicidade em viver.
Impacto da COVID-19 na gravidade e prognóstico de indivíduos com obesidade: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Alexandrina de Araújo Tamires , Ferreira de Moura Renata , Oliveira de Almeida Nathielly
Published: November 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: A maioria dos pacientes com obesidade apresenta resistência à insulina e hiperatividade do sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona, o que pode estar relacionado aos piores resultados perante infecção pelo SARS-CoV 2. Além disso, a enzima conversora de angiotensina 2 tem maior expressão no tecido adiposo quando comparado com o pulmão, sendo suscetível a invasão do vírus nos adipócitos tornando-o um importante reservatório viral permitindo propagação para demais órgãos. OBJETIVO: Identificar se a obesidade pode ser preditor de maior gravidade e pior prognóstico da Doença do Coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19). MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Revisão sistemática sob o código PROSPERO CRD42020200617 com estudos observacionais através das bases de dados PubMed, Portal Regional da BVS, SciELO, Science Direct e Cochrane, e buscas manuais por meio do cruzamento “Prognosis" OR “Patient Acuity” AND "Coronavirus Infections" AND "Obesity”. Foram incluídos estudos observacionais que avaliaram o impacto da COVID-19 em indivíduos com obesidade de ambos os sexos que apresentaram pontuação ?7 na escala Newcastle-Ottawa. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 9 estudos totalizando uma amostra de 179.047 pacientes adultos com idade entre 18 a 80 anos, com IMC mínimo <24 kg/m2 e máximo >35 kg/m2. Verificou-se que indivíduos com obesidade apresentam aumento das taxas de admissão de cuidados agudos e críticos, necessidade ventilação mecânica invasiva (VMI), pneumonia e desenvolvem COVID-19 grave, aumentando assim seu tempo de permanência hospitalar. CONCLUSÃO: Indivíduos com obesidade desenvolvem maior gravidade e pior prognóstico da COVID-19, visto que apresentam aumento das taxas de admissão de cuidados agudos e críticos, necessidade de VMI, tempo de permanência hospitalar, gravidade e letalidade.
Core stabilization exercises impact on balance and foot pressure distribution in overweight children: A randomized controlled trial protocol
Authors: Goyal Kanu , Goyal Manu , Samuel Asir John
Published: November 2020

INTRODUCTION: Overweight children are associated with low neuromuscular function and postural imbalance. Core stabilization exercises have shown success in the cerebral palsy and Down syndrome children. However, its efficacy in overweight children is not known till date. OBJECTIVES: To measure the postural stability (static and dynamic) and foot pressure distribution in overweight children. To determine the efficacy of core stability training on postural stability (static and dynamic) in overweight children. To determine the efficacy of core stability training on foot pressure distribution in overweight children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is parallel design, non – blinded, two – group, pretest - posttest randomized controlled trial. The study will recruit 52 (26 in each group) aged 8- 16 years old both boys and girls with BMI-for-age percentile growth between 85th to less than 95th percentile. The outcomes are foot pressure distribution, single limb stance, Y-Reach test and core strength respectively. The core stabilization exercises will be provided in the experimental group and no exercises will be given in the control group, 3 times a week for 6 weeks. PREDICTED RESULTS: The predicted results from this study will provide the first evidence of the effectiveness of core stabilization exercises in overweight children. A greater clinical understanding of core strength and balance in this age group may be helpful for incorporating activities in their daily life in order for the better overall development and growth. Kolmnogorov Smirnov test will be used for checking the normal distribution of the data. Descriptive statistics will be expressed either as mean±standard deviation or median and inter- quartile range, based on the data distribution. Paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed- rank test will be used to conduct within group analyses and Independent t- tests or Mann- Whitney U- test will be used for between group analyses. For all the analyses the level of significance will be set at 0.05.
Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity of Kannada version of Fear Avoidance Belief Questionnaire in chronic low back pain
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Pithadia Kinari , Kumar Deepak , Sannasi Rajasekher
Published: November 2020

INTRODUCTION: Activity of daily living (ADL) among the people with Chronic low back pain (CLBP)  can be determined by Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ). The Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) is a valid and reliable self-reporting questionnaire evaluating the patient’s attitude and beliefs toward the effect of physical activity and works on their LBP. Till the date it was translated into various languages but is not available in Kannada language.Hence, we aimed to translate FABQ questionnaire into Kannada (FABQ-KA) and to study reliability and validity of Kannada version, FABQ-KA. METHODS: Translation and cross-culture adaptation were performed according to the guidelines followed internationally. Those are: translation, synthesis, back-translation, revision by expert committee, pretesting and appraisal by advisory committee. Content validation was excuted by the panel of 10 pre-identified members who were experts in using Kannada and English. They were provided with five options, “agree”, “strongly agree”, “neutral”, “disagree” and “strongly disagree”. for providing their valuable opinion regarding kannada translated content of FABQ-KA. The psychometric properties were tested by administering the questionnaire to 60 samples (18 to 75 years) was recruited by Purposive sampling. For test-retest reliability, people with CLBP were tested after a week by Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's alpha (?). RESULTS: The demographic dimensions, age, height, weight and BMI for patients with CLBP recruited, n=60 were 41.50±10.59 (Years), 154.37±10.74 (cm), 62±11.04 (kg) and 25.99±4.47 (kg/m2) respectively with duration of LBP of 20.35±13.62 weeks. The content validity of kannada translated FABQ-KA by a panel of 10 experts were found to be, I-CVI of individual items of FABQ-KA ? 0.80 and the overall S-CVI for idiomatic equivalence (S-CVI =89.9±6.33)%,, semantic equivalence (S-CVI =93±5.16)% and content relevance(S-CVI=90.7±6.61)%.were ? 0.90 or (? 90%). The test-retest reliability of FABQ-KA was good (ICC (2,1) = 0.83). Internal consistency was found to be good (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.91). CONCLUSIONS: The FABQ-KA translation and adaptation processes were successful; the adapted instrument demonstrated good psychometric properties. The FABQ-KA has proven to be reliable and valid tool and can be used in the Kannada speaking patients with CLBP.
Hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) e comorbidade em idosos: um estudo transversal
Authors: Miranda Beatriz Santos , Bernardes Kionna Oliveira , Santos Diana Oliveira Noronha dos , Santos Cléber Luz
Published: November 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: Mecanismos fisiológicos do envelhecimento estão associados ao surgimento da hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) em idosos. As repercussões sistêmicas da HAS favorecem o surgimento de doenças cardiovasculares, neurológicas e endócrinas em idosos. Contudo, a associação da HAS com o maior número de doenças em idosos e consumo de medicamentos ainda precisa de respaldo científico. OBJETIVO: Verificar a quantidade de doenças diagnosticadas em idosos hipertensos e não hipertensos. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de dados secundários dos prontuários de idosos com cadastro ativo no Centro de Referência Estadual de Atenção à Saúde do Idoso (CREASI) em Salvador, Bahia no período de setembro de 2018 até julho de 2019. Dos 3.158 prontuários, foram identificados 2.122 idosos com diagnóstico de HAS. A coleta foi realizada por 13 pesquisadores assistentes que capturam os dados da primeira avaliação. Os dados foram analisados descritivamente com suas medidas de tendência central e de dispersão. RESULTADO: Idosos hipertensos apresentaram maior faixa etária e maior consumo de medicamento, mas o impacto da funcionalidade foi afetado no aumento do risco de quedas nestes indivíduos. CONCLUSÃO: A HAS está associada ao maior número de doenças cardiovasculares, neurológicas e endócrinas, ocasionado repercussões na vida deste idoso como maior consumo de medicamento e aumento do risco de quedas.
Nível do índice de sucesso de extubação de uma unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica
Authors: Viana Helly Paula Santos , Rodrigues Roquenei da Purificação , Da Silva Talita Bezerra
Published: November 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: O sucesso do desmame da ventilação mecânica invasiva (VMI) é definido pela manutenção da ventilação espontânea durante um período de pelo menos 48h após a interrupção da ventilação artificial.  Considera-se insucesso ou falência do desmame, se o retorno à ventilação artificial for necessário neste período. OBJETIVO: descrever o índice de sucesso de extubação de uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica (UTIP). MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo, transversal e retrospectivo. A população do estudo foi composta por pacientes com idade superior à 28 dias de vida e inferior à 14 anos de idade de ambos os sexos, no Hospital Estadual da Criança (HEC), submetidos à VMI através do tubo orotraqueal (TOT) por mais de 24h e que passaram pelo processo de desmame, tendo como base, o protocolo de extubação, da unidade hospitalar, realizado no período de janeiro à agosto de 2017 e abril à julho de 2018. A análise de dados se deu por meio da estatística descritiva, calculando a média e os valores relativos. RESULTADOS: A amostra foi composta por 74 registros, o tempo médio do uso da VMI foi de 8,67 dias. Ao ser aplicado o teste de respiração espontânea para a realização da extubação, 82,3% crianças apresentaram alto índice de sucesso e 17,56% médio índice. Destas, 72,97%tiveram sucesso na extubação. CONCLUSÃO: Os registros que compuseram esta amostra demonstraram uma menor taxa de falha de extubação, correspondendo ao observado em outros serviços de referência.
Alívio da dor em neonatos prematuros durante a aspiração de vias aéreas superiores comparando posicionamentos
Authors: Andreazza Marimar Goretti , Cat Monica Nunes Lima , Motter Arlete Ana , Silva Regina Paula Guimaraens Vieira Cavalcante da
Published: November 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: Os recém-nascidos prematuros frequentemente passam por longos períodos internados em unidades de terapia intensiva neonatal. Nesses pacientes, a dor, resultado das intervenções intrusivas é motivo de preocupação das equipes multidisciplinares. OBJETIVO: Identificar a melhor intervenção para alívio da dor durante a aspiração de vias aéreas superiores, comparando posicionamento no ninho com contenção em cueiro. MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo do tipo Antes e Depois em recém-nascidos prematuros com menos de 32 semanas de idade gestacional ao nascimento e que necessitassem de aspiração de vias aéreas na primeira semana de vida. No Grupo Antes, os pacientes foram posicionados no ninho, e no Grupo Depois, permaneciam contidos com cueiro. O desenho do estudo permitiu que os pacientes fossem controles deles mesmos e participassem do estudo mais de uma vez, conforme a necessidade de aspiração. O estudo teve aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com Seres Humanos. RESULTADOS: Participaram 22 recém-nascidos prematuros que foram submetidos a 100 procedimentos de aspiração do trato respiratório. Conforme análise estatística dependente constatou-se que os indivíduos que haviam pontuado dor no momento em que estavam posicionados no ninho, passaram a não pontuar quando contidos, pela Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (p=0,001) e Premature Infant Pain Profile (p=0,01). Observou-se uma menor variação da frequência cardíaca no grupo contenção. CONCLUSÃO: A dor está presente na aspiração de secreções das vias aéreas. A frequência cardíaca variou percentualmente menos no grupo contenção. Os pacientes posicionados em contenção passaram a não pontuar escore positivo para dor.
Relação entre a posição Canguru e a estabilidade fisiológica e equilíbrio sono-vigília de recém-nascidos prematuros na UTIN e percepção materna
Authors: Nisi Karine Souza Andrade , Andreazza Marimar Goretti , Gomes Evellin de Oliveira , Soares Palmira Donda , Motter Arlete Ana
Published: November 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: A posição canguru é uma estratégia do Método Canguru que aproxima as mães de seus filhos, promovendo estabilidade fisiológica. OBJETIVO: Analisar a estabilidade fisiológica e equilíbrio sono-vigília dos RNPTs de uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN) em um hospital público universitário, bem como a percepção materna quanto a posição canguru. MÉTODO: Estudo observacional com análise de resultados qualitativos e quantitativos. Desenvolveu-se entre julho a dezembro de 2017 na UTIN.  Os dados foram coletados dos prontuários dos RNs. Os parâmetros fisiológicos e estado comportamental de escala sono vigília, antes e após 50 minutos na posição canguru. E as mães responderam à 10 perguntas abertas quanto a seus sentimentos no contato pele a pele. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 18 recém-nascidos e 10 mães responderam a entrevista. Os RNs mantiveram a frequência cardíaca (p=0,28) e saturação periférica de oxigênio (p=0,77) nos limites da normalidade, a temperatura corporal apresentou diferença estatisticamente significante (p=0,01) variando entre 36,5 e 36,7o. Os RNs mudaram o estado comportamental e as mães perceberam estas mudanças durante a realização da posição canguru e se sentiram mais próximas dele por meio do contato pele a pele. CONCLUSÃO: Os recém-nascidos posicionados em canguru no tórax de suas mães mantiveram seus dados fisiológicos estáveis e a temperatura corporal dos mesmos apresentou pequeno acréscimo dentro da normalidade, mostrando ser seguro estar na posição canguru. As mães perceberam que tal ato as aproximou de seus filhos despertando sentimentos positivos de alegria, emoção e amor, indo ao encontro do que é preconizado pelo Método Canguru.
Perfil clínico, sociodemográfico e funcional de indivíduos com aneurisma cerebral internados em um hospital de referência em Salvador/BA
Authors: De Oliveira Vanessa Cristina Santos , Dos Santos Ariana Prazeres , Dos Anjos Jorge Luis Motta , Rosa de Castro Isabella Pereira
Published: November 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: Aneurisma cerebral (AC) é a dilatação anormal de uma artéria que irriga o cérebro. Cerca de 3,2% da população mundial apresenta algum AC com potencial risco de evoluir para hemorragia subaracnóidea (HSA). OBJETIVO: Descrever o perfil clínico, sociodemográfico e funcional de indivíduos com diagnóstico clínico de AC atendidos em Salvador/BA. MÉTODO: Estudo observacional e transversal, realizado em um hospital de referência em Salvador/BA. Indivíduos maiores de 18 anos com diagnóstico de AC (N=25) roto ou não roto, foram avaliados o perfil sociodemográfico (idade, sexo, escolaridade e ocupação), clinico (comorbidades, hábitos de vida e nível de consciência através da ECG, Escala de Coma de Glasgow) e funcional (MRC, Medical Research Council; ECT, Escala de Comprometimento de Tronco e Rankin Modificada). Variáveis qualitativas foram apresentadas por frequências relativas e as variáveis quantitativas por meio de médias, desvio-padrão ou medianas e intervalo mínimo e máximo. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 13 indivíduos diagnosticados com AC, idade mediana de 51, sendo 84,6% do sexo feminino, 30,8% ativos no mercado de trabalho.  61,5% da população apresentou AC não roto e ECG 15. Observamos HAS em 53,8% e obesidade em 7,7%. Cerca de 61,5% eram sedentários, 15,4% etilistas e 30,8% tabagistas. Na avaliação da funcionalidade, o escore MRC mediano foi de 54, Rankin a mediana foi 4 e na ECT de 19,5. CONCLUSÃO: Os achados demonstram uma predominância dos AC em mulheres e declínio funcional dos indivíduos durante o internamento, tornando-se necessário intervenções que visem minimizar possíveis perdas funcionais nesta população.
Efeito da manipulação visceral na dor, mobilidade e incapacidade funcional em pessoas com Capsulite Adesiva de ombro direito
Authors: Ghillodia Aarti , Gandhi Balaji Karunanithi
Published: November 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: A capsulite adesiva é uma condição dolorosa comum e debilitante da articulação glenohumeral que afeta cerca de 2 a 5% da população. Os órgãos internos e o sistema musculoesquelético são interligados por meio das membranas de sustentação. A tensão nessas membranas pode causar ainda mais restrições mecânicas, dor nas estruturas musculoesqueléticas e também restringir a mobilidade de órgãos viscerais. OBJETIVO: Explorar o efeito da manipulação visceral específica de órgãos na capsulite adesiva em pessoas afetadas no ombro direito. METODOLOGIA: Vinte indivíduos com capsulite adesiva foram avaliados para elegibilidade, dos quais 14 foram recrutados usando o método de amostragem por conveniência. Duas sessões de manipulação visceral comparada com manipulação placebo foram administradas nas primeiras duas semanas, seguidas de duas sessões de manipulação visceral do fígado nas duas semanas seguintes. O goniômetro digital, o nível de dor, a incapacidade no ombro e o esfigmomanômetro modificado foram usados para medir os resultados pré e pós intervenção. RESULTADOS: A comparação dos resultados entre os grupos mostrou uma diferença estatisticamente significativa nos escores de amplitude de movimentos [flexão (p = 0,001), rotação externa (p = 0,001), rotação interna (p = 0,001)], dor no ombro e escore do índice de incapacidade (0,004). Nenhuma mudança significativa foi observada no resultado de força. CONCLUSÃO: Duas sessões de manipulação visceral para o fígado podem ser benéficas na melhora da mobilidade do ombro direito, dor e incapacidade. O número de registro no Clinical Trial é 019/09/028271.
Efficacy of manual therapy on somatic tinnitus dual modulatory factors: a study protocol
Authors: Sharma Palak , Goyal Manu , Kothiyal Saumya
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The literature has shown promising effect of manual therapy in improving the severity of somatic tinnitus.However, no previous study has concentrated onevaluating the combined effect of  temporomandibular joint and  cervical spine muscles. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of manual therapy on somatic tinnitus dual modulatory factors (TMD and cervical spine). METHODS/DESIGN: Thirty nine patients with somatic tinnitus will be randomly assigned to one of the three groups i.e., A(Cervicogenic somatic tinnitus),B(TMJ induced somatic tinnitus) and C(Dual modulatory factors induced somatic tinnitus) respectively. This multi group, parallel arms, pre-test post-test, single centre, randomized clinical trial with three parallel groups will receive six treatment sessions of integrated manual therapy on alternate days for two weeks. Postural re-education exercises will be advised to the patients as home exercises.The primary outcome measure will be Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and secondary outcome measures include Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Digitalized Calibrated Algometer (DCA) to measure pre and post intervention effect of the treatments. DISCUSSION: The efficacy of manual therapy in patients with somatic tinnitus in each group will be established with this study.TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trials Registry - India. (CTRI/2020/03/024394)Universal trial number- U1111-1248-3141
Measuring Poly-tobacco Product Use with Ecological Momentary Assessment
Authors: Griffiths Nicholas G. , Fetterman Jessica L. , Vargees Comreen , Kathuria Hasmeena , Grodal Stine , Borrelli Belinda , Ross Craig S.
Published: November 2020

Objectives: Poly-tobacco product use is common among tobacco users, but it is challenging to assess patterns of use in real-life contexts. The objective of this study is to determine whether intensive longitudinal methods are feasible for assessing concurrent use of multiple
tobacco products. Methods: Overall, 28 participants completed a baseline questionnaire and 7 days of ecological momentary assessment data collection, including end-of-day, random, and real-time reporting. Results: When estimating use of cigarettes, vaping products, and other
products individually, there were moderate correlations between baseline questionnaire estimates, end-of-day estimates, and random estimates (ρ= 0.379–0.640); however, daily totals of all products combined were poorly correlated (ρ = 0.198–0.461). Baseline questionnaire
estimates were higher than random estimates for each product (median difference 1.5–7.0 products per day). End-of-day estimates were more consistent with the baseline questionnaire. There was low compliance with real-time product use reports. Conclusions: Random or daily reporting
are feasible for poly-tobacco use assessment, but methods are needed to reconcile differences in estimates. Accurate measurement of poly-tobacco product use is needed to assess health impacts and inform policy.
COVID-19 pandemic: Nigerians' perception about the National health system and socio-political rights
Authors: Dada Samuel Oluwasogo , Oniya Olawale Ayomikun , Hussain Oluwatobi James
Published: November 2020

Background: The study investigated the knowledge of Nigerian youths on COVID-19 and their perception about COVID-19, National health system and socio-political right.Methods: A descriptive study designed was adopted using an online survey method. Google form was used to elicit responses from 225 Nigerian youths across the six geo-political zones of Nigeria. A 12-point knowledge scale was used to assess knowledge, while a 12-point perception scale was used to determine respondents’ perception. Descriptive statistics was used for data analysis.Results: The respondents’ mean age was 28.2±6.1 years. Majority (58.0%) were from the Southern part of Nigeria while 42.0% were from the Northern part of Nigeria. Also, 63.0% of the respondents had at least a first degree and majority (60.4%) were female. Almost all (87.2%) the respondent had good knowledge on the novel COVID-19, with mean knowledge score of 9.5±2.6. About one-third (31.6%) of the respondent reported the Nigeria health system is too weak and they desired to leave the country, 84.9% believed the federal Government of Nigeria is not doing enough in handling the COVID-19 and 45.5% felt Nigeria is not a safe place during a pandemic.Conclusions: The general perception of Nigerian’s youth about the health system and Government handling of the COVID-19 was poor. A good knowledge of COVID-19 was documented. There is therefore the need for Government to scale up and strengthen the health system capacity to handle health emergencies such as the COVID-19.
Relationship between uric acid, blood pressure and anthropometric indices in a healthy Ghanaian adult population
Authors: Quartey Perez , Owusu Bright Afriyie , Marfo Lawrence , Appiah Emmanuel
Published: November 2020

Background: Age- and sex-dependent variations in the relationship between uric acid and blood pressure and anthropometric indices have been reported in some populations. However, this has not been studied in a Ghanaian adult population.Methods: Body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure and serum uric acid levels were measured. Categorical differences were analysed with chi-square. Differences between groups were assessed by t-test and one-way analysis of variance. Association between serum uric acid and baseline characteristics of age, body mass index, waist circumference and blood pressure was assessed by Pearson’s correlation. Statistical significance was pegged at p<0.05.Results: Prevalence of hyperuricemia was 3.2%. There was no significant difference in prevalence of hypertension between males (28.6%) and females (28.9%). General obesity and central obesity prevalence were significantly higher among females. In males, serum uric acids levels had statistically non-significant positive correlations with age, blood pressure, waist circumference and body mass index. In females, the results showed that among women less than 45 years, serum uric acid had significant positive correlations with only body mass index and waist circumference. However, significant positive correlations were observed between all the baseline parameters and uric acid among women who are 45 years and above.Conclusions: Increasing serum uric acid levels are significantly associated with higher blood pressure, body mass index and waist circumference. This relationship is stronger in females than in males, with the age group ≥45 years being the main determinant of this relationship.
Is it an advantage or disadvantage to usage angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker in COVID-19 patients?
Authors: Gurlek Feridun , Tasdemir Eyyüp
Published: November 2020

Background: The use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) is an important problem for clinicians who treat coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in patients with hypertension. The aim of the study was to reduce the confusion in this matter to some extent.Methods: This study was carried out in the Health Sciences University, Bursa High Specialization Training and Research Hospital between 23 March to 23 June 2020. Patients were evaluated using thorax computed tomography (CT) taken during hospitalization with severity and risk scoring, confusion, uraemia, respiratory rate, blood pressure, age ≥65 years, score >2 (CURB-65) for pneumonia.Results: The rate of severe pneumonia was significantly higher in the group using ACEI and ARBs. CURB 65 high risk observation rate was significantly higher in the group with ACEI and ARB using. The rate of severe pneumonia observed was significantly higher in the any antihypertensive drugs using group. This risk height is more pronounced in those using ACEI and ARBs. The mortality rate of our 500 patients with COVID-19 was 2.2% (11/500). There was no history of hypertension in these 4 patients, but 1 (1/4) of these 4 patients had diabetes. Six patients were taking ACEI and/or ARB in combination with their diuretic, calcium channel blocker and beta blocker. Only one patient was taking calcium channel blocker and beta blocker.  Conclusions: The risk of severe pneumonia may increase in COVID-19 positive patients using any antihypertensive drug. It was more pronounced in those using ACEI and ARB. We believe that more comprehensive studies are needed in this about.
Effect of baclofen on physiotherapy in the management of spastic cerebral palsy via gross motor function measure
Authors: Ali Tabassum , Das Bismay , Mohanty Chhandamayee , Prasad Rajniti , Das B. K. , Anand Tripti
Published: November 2020

Background: Cerebral palsy is the most common cause of physical disability in children. The gross motor function measure-66 (GMFM-66) is an observational clinical measure designed to evaluate gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy (CP). The aim of this study was to explore pediatric physiotherapists’ experiences with the gross motor capacity with CP by implementing a short-term intervention.Methods: This study was performed in the Department of Anatomy and Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi and Kiran Society, Varanasi. Patients aged between 2 years to 14 years of both sexes satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomly enrolled into two groups; Group A included 60 patients who received only physiotherapy and Group B included 60 patients who received baclofen along with physiotherapy. Ethical clearance was obtained from the concerned authority. Data management and statistical analysis were performed using MS excel.Results: Percentage of spastic diplegia were 20.0% and 16.6% and percentage of spastic quadriplegia were 31.6% and 26.6% in group A and group B respectively. Before treatment mean score of GMFM for group A was increased to after 3 months of treatment and which further increased to after 6 months of treatment when compared to group B as their baseline mean score of GMFM  was after 3 months of treatment and it increased after 6 months of treatment.Conclusions: The findings suggest the GMFM to be a useful and reliable instrument for assessing motor function and treatment outcome in CP.
How much drug allergies affect quality of life?
Authors: Gurlek Feridun , Tasdemir Eyyup
Published: November 2020

Background: Drug hypersensitivity reactions are considered public health problems due to associated morbidity and socioeconomic costs. The evaluation of health-related quality of life in patients with drug hypersensitivity is still a widely unconsidered topic. The aim of our study is to reveal the effects of drug allergy on the quality of life of patients who apply to our outpatient clinic with the complaint of drug allergy.Methods: This study is prospective a questionnaire study under supervision. Patients who applied to the University of Health Sciences, Bursa Postgraduate Research and Training Hospital Department of Allergy outpatient clinic between August 2019 and May 2020 with the complaint of drug allergy filled out the quality of life questionnaire (DrHy-Q), and short questionnaire of psychological well-being index (PGWBIs) under the supervision of a specialist physician before the diagnostic procedures.Results: The study was conducted with 150 cases and 73.3 % (n=110) of the cases were female and 26.7% (n=40) were male. No significant correlation was found between the demographic characteristics of the patients, the observed symptoms, the culprit drugs, familial and individual comorbid and psychological diseases, and DrHY-Q (p>0.05). DrHY-Q was only affected from the type of allergic reaction. A negative statistically significant weak correlation was also detected between the total DrHY-Q score and the PGWBI total score (r: -0.283; p<0.01).Conclusions: We found that DrHY-Q is sensitive to reaction type and able to discriminative type 1 and type 2 reactions (p=0.017; p<0.05). We think that more comprehensive studies are needed on this subject.
Efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir plus ribavirin in treatment-naive chronic hepatitis c genotype 3 patients of South Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Ali Qazi Masroor , Raza Syed Hashim , Imran Ali , Anjum Saba , Masroor Maria
Published: November 2020

Background: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir (SOF) plus ribavirin (RIB) in naive patients with chronic HCV genotype 3. The study design was open label, quasi experimental study. The study was conducted at Medical Outpatient Department of Medical Unit-1, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, affiliated with Quaid e Azam Medical College (QAMC), Bahawalpur, from April 2016 to June 2019.Methods: A total of 627 treatment-naive patients, aged above 18 years, with chronic Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 3 infection were enrolled. SOF as 400 mg once a day plus weight-based RIB (1000 mg/day <75 kg and 1200 mg/day >75 kg) was given to all the study participants for 24 weeks. Qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA) were done at 4 weeks to note the rapid virological response (RVR) whereas end of treatment response (ETR) was recorded at 24 weeks and sustained virological response (SVR) was noted 3 months after completion of treatment.Results: By 4th week, PCR of 524 (83.6%) patients was available, out of which, 492 (93.9%) had undetectable HCV RNA. By the end of treatment (24 weeks), PCR of 401 (64.0%) patients was available, out of which, 393 (98.0%) had undetectable HCV RNA. Data of 291 (46.4%) patients was available for SVR, 274 (94.1%) had undetectable HCV RNA. Weakness and fatigue turned out to be the commonest side effects, observed in 236 (37.6%) patients.Conclusions: Sofosbuvir was found to have good efficacy and safety in the local population of South Punjab having treatment-naïve chronic HCV genotype 3 infection.
Use of lignocaine nebulization in post bronchoscopy patients: a study of 150 cases
Authors: Gul Naveed , Manhas Monica , Kalsotra Parmod , Mir Mehak Taban
Published: November 2020

Background: To see the role of lignocaine nebulisation and to compare its role with use of steroids and bronchodilators alone in post bronchoscopy patients.Methods: In the present study, 150 patients, who underwent rigid bronchoscopy for removal of foreign body, were taken into consideration. Immediately after the rigid bronchoscopy, 100 patients were given nebulization and 50 patients were not nebulized. Out of 100 patients, 50 patients were given nebulization with steroids (budesonide) and bronchodilators (salbutamol) and 50 patients received nebulization with lignocaine 4%, steroids (budesonide) and bronchodilator (salbutamol).Results: In the present study, 38 patients (25.3%) were having complications like laryngobronchial spasm, laryngeal edema, cardiac arrest and respiratory arrest. Out of the 38 patients, 15 patients (39.5%) were having laryngobronchial spasm and 23 patients (60.5%) were having laryngeal edema. Out of 15 patients who had laryngobronchial spasm only 2 (13.3%) patients, who were nebulised developed this complication, while 86.7% cases of laryngobronchial spasm developed in non-nebulised patients. Out of 23 patients who developed laryngeal oedema, only 6 (26%) patients who were nebulised developed this complication, while 74% cases of laryngeal oedema developed in non-nebulised patients.Conclusions: In the present study it is concluded that both morbidity and mortality can be reduced by the use of nebulisation in the postoperative period after rigid bronchoscopy. Addition of lignocaine in nebulisation along with steroids and bronchodilators further reduces the morbidity and mortality in the postoperative period.
Association of fibroblast growth factor 21 with oxidative stress and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes
Authors: R. Vineetha K. , K. Santha , R. Inmozhi , S. Periyasamy , G. Kanakasabai , K. Baskaran
Published: November 2020

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the most prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FBG 21) is an endocrine factor that regulates glucose and lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and obesity. Blood levels of FGF21 are elevated in patients with atherosclerosis, macrovascular, and microvascular complications of diabetes, possibly due to a compensatory up regulation. Studies reported that FGF21 is an important regulator of mitochondrial and oxidative stress. The role of FGF21 in chronic diseases and the diminished oxidative stress observed with anti-diabetic therapy has been the target of new studies. Current study aimed to evaluate serum FGF21 levels and its association with oxidative stress and lipid profile levels in type 2 diabetic patients.Methods: 100 controls and 100 diabetic patients on oral hypoglycemic drugs between 35-55 years of age without any cardiac, renal, liver, and thyroid dysfunction were selected for this study. Oxidative stress (MDA), total antioxidant status (FRAP), and FGF21 were measured. FGF21 was analyzed by ELISA methods. Serum MDA was assessed by the method of Yagi  serum total antioxidant status was measured by the method of Benzie et al.Results: FGF21 level was increased in diabetic patients compared with controls. There was a significant positive correlation of FGF21 with MDA (r=0.875, p<0.01) and negative correlation with FRAP observed (r= -0.867 p<0.01). There was also positive correlation of FGF21 with total cholesterol (r=0.499, p<0.01), triglycerides (r=0.648, p<0.01), LDL-cholesterol (r=0.337, p<0.01) and negative correlation with HDL-cholesterol (r= -0.172, p<0.05) were observed.Conclusions: Increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant status were observed in diabetics. This could be due to dyslipidemia and increased generation of free radicals. High levels of FGF21 observed in our study might represent its resistant state and the compensatory response to maintain metabolic homeostasis. Further studies are needed to explore the role of FGF21 as a novel marker in predicting cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient individuals in a Ghanaian population
Authors: Quartey Perez , Owusu Bright Afriyie , Taylor Daniel , Adomaka Eliza-Bertha
Published: November 2020

Background: Studies in different populations have shown an association between diabetes mellitus and G6PD deficiency. This association has not been investigated in the Ghanaian population. We conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate the relationship between G6PD deficiency and type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Ghanaian population.Methods: The cross-sectional study involved 125 registered type 2 diabetes mellitus clients and 125 non-diabetic individuals. Chi-square analysis was used to assess the association between G6PD status and type 2 diabetes mellitus with statistical significance pegged at p-value<0.05.Results: The prevalence of G6PD deficiency in the study population was 24.0% and 13.6% for the diabetics and non-diabetics respectively. In terms of gender, 29.5% of the diabetic males were G6PD deficient whiles G6PD deficiency was observed in 11.1% of the non-diabetic males. Additionally, 21.0% of the diabetic females were also G6PD deficient with 15.3% of the non-diabetic females being G6PD deficient. The results showed that the overall G6PD deficiency was significantly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus as compared to the non-diabetics. In terms of gender differences, G6PD deficiency was significantly associated with type 2 diabetes in males but, there was no significant association in females.Conclusions: The study reports the first findings of the relationship between G6PD deficiencies among type 2 diabetes patients in Ghana. The study revealed that G6PD deficiency is more prevalent among type 2 diabetics than non-diabetics. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is independently associated with G6PD deficiency in males but not females.
Hip fractures in elderly with evaluation of risk factors
Authors: Arfee Sakib , Jabeen Asma , Arfee Akib , Arfee Adnan Aadil
Published: November 2020

Background: Fractures in the neck and Perirtrochanteric region of hip contribute significantly to health problem globally. Primary occurrence in elderly osteoporotic people and create a major socioeconomical and public health problem. Almost every such fractures require surgery, hospitalization, and prolonged rehabilitation. The objective of the study was to evaluate the risk factors of hip fractures among the elderly population.Methods: This observational study was conducted among the elderly patients admitted in the department of orthopedics Government Medical College Jammu. Elderly patients regardless of sex and education admitted with hip fractures from August 2019 to July 2020 were included in the study.Results: There were 330 patients admitted with hip injuries. Among these 330 patients admitted with hip fractures, 205 (62.12%) were females and 125 (37.88%) males, mean age was 72.8 years. Age limit was >60 and <100 years. Majority of the patients i.e., 192 (58.18%) were in between the age group of 60 to 79 years.Conclusions: Increasing age is directly proportional to increasing incidence of hip fractures. This proportional rise can be reduced with early steps for prevention of osteoporosis and hence ultimately alleviate the disability and burden of the disease.
Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and normal pregnant women
Authors: Sharma Asha , Choudhary Jaya , Joshi Piyush , Bardhar Neha
Published: November 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to compare vitamin D level in normal pregnant women and patients of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and to study the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and normal pregnant women.Methods: 50 women affected by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and 50 normal pregnant women more than 20 weeks of gestation, admitted to the ward or to labour room in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, of Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital were enrolled in the study. Assessment of serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D was done by chemiluminescent immunoassay method.Results: Serum vitamin D levels were low in women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with mean serum vitamin D level 13.66±7.358 ng/ml as compared to normal normotensive pregnant women 21.14±8.241ng/ml, which is statistically significant (p=0.001). Mean vitamin D level in study population was 17.40±8.634 ng/ml. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy group was very high 88% compared to 50% in normal normotensive pregnant women group. The difference was statistically significant (p=0.001). vitamin D deficiency was found among 69% in study population.  Conclusions: Vitamin D levels are deficient in patients of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy as compared to normal pregnant women. There is increased prevalence of vitamin D deficiency with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy suggesting that vitamin D deficiency can be a risk factor for the development of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
A retrospective, epidemiological study on the pattern of distribution of phenotypic subgroups among patients of breast cancer in a tertiary care level hospital of West Bengal, India
Authors: Banerjee Sanatan , Das Diptimay , Bhattacharya Biswamit , Chaudhury Arindam
Published: November 2020

Background: The burden of breast cancer is increasing worldwide and it is second most cause of mortality in India. Epidemiologic data regarding different phenotypic subgroups in Indian women is scarce. The present study aimed to find out the epidemiological distribution of different phenotypic subgroups in the patients suffering from breast cancer.Methods: This was a retrospective, observational study conducted at the Department of Radiotherapy, Burdwan Medical College and Hospital, West Bengal, India between July 2012 and June 2017. Women diagnosed with biopsy proven breast carcinoma who had been attending radiation oncology outdoor patients department (OPD) were included in the study. The data of the patients regarding age at presentation, grade of tumor, Ki 67 status, hormone receptor status, and their phenotypic subgroup classification were retrieved from hospital record.Results: A total of 280 women patients were included in the study, of these, 105 were premenopausal and 175 were postmenopausal. Locally advanced breast cancer (60.0%) was most prevalent breast cancer among them. Majority of the patients had grade III tumor and higher expression of Ki-67 index at the time of presentation (53.92% and 68.21%, respectively). Infiltrating Ductal carcinoma is the most prevalent histopathological sub-type in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Hormone receptor positivity in premenopausal women was comparatively higher than postmenopausal women. Whereas human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative cancer was comparatively higher in postmenopausal women (66.98%). The most prevalent phenotypic subgroup among premenopausal and postmenopausal group was luminal B (38.09%) and luminal A (36.57%), respectively.Conclusions: Overall findings suggest that majority of patients were diagnosed with high grade and high Ki67 index which showed lack of awareness in these patients about this disease. Use of prognostic factors and predictive markers can be helpful to diagnose breast cancer at early life.
Susceptibility of blood group ABO and Rh for COVID-19
Authors: Suman Sonu
Published: November 2020

Background: The ABO and Rh blood group systems are part of the innate immune system and it has been shown that individuals with different ABO and Rh blood groups differ in their susceptibility or resistance to viral and bacterial infections and diseases. With the discovery of blood groups and subsequent great advancement in its study, many workers have tried to find out a possible relationship between the incidence of these blood groups and the incidence of various diseases. Aim of the study was determine the association between COVID-19 virus infection and blood groups.Methods: This retrospective Case- control observational study was performed among subjects reported to hospital situated at central India for RT PCR-COVID-19 sampling during the period between March to September 2020. Total subjects enrolled were 1682.Results: The individuals with blood group Rh factor positive are found to be more susceptible in acquiring COVID-19 disease. Likelihood of getting COVID-19 is more with factor Rh positive in comparison to Rh negative counterparts. The association is observed statistically between Rh factor and status of COVID-19.Conclusions: In conclusion our results implicate that blood group are found to be associated with the status of COVID-19 disease. It is observed that the Rh positive individuals are more susceptible when compared to their Rh negative counterparts in acquiring COVID-19 disease.
Microbiological analysis of urinary tract infection in diabetic patients
Authors: Otta Sarita , Swain Bichitrananda , Bhoi Priyadarshini
Published: November 2020

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a predisposing condition to different infections especially the complicated urinary tract infection (UTI). The susceptibility pattern of organisms in diabetics is different from their counterparts. So, there is always a dilemma while administering empirical regimen for UTI in diabetics. The study aims to find the common organisms implicated in the UTI in diabetic patients and their sensitivity pattern.Methods: Properly collected urine specimen from all the diabetic (cases) and non-diabetic (controls) patients included in this study was processed. Sensitivity pattern and extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) production for the isolated uropathogens was noted.Results: E. coli was the most common organism isolated from both 68 cases and 85 controls in this study. Most of UTI patients with diabetes, 46 (67.7 %) had uncontrolled blood sugar level. Diabetics are more prone for catheter associated UTI (CAUTI) and fungal UTI. Most of the E coli and Atypical E coli isolated were ESBL positive for the diabetic patients (60.5%) than that for the non-diabetics (40.4%). Antimicrobial resistance pattern was similar in both the groups with maximum patients’ sensitivity to tigecycline, colistin, fosphomycin and least susceptibility to cefixime. Both E. coli and Klebsiella also showed high resistance to the fluoroquinolones.Conclusions: E. coli is the predominant uropathogen for both the diabetic & non-diabetic cases. But diabetics are more prone to get ESBL positive UTI. CAUTI and the fungal UTI are more common in diabetics. Diabetic condition does not affect the antimicrobial resistance pattern of uropathogens. But their rising resistance to fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins is a matter of concern while prescribing empiric regimen.