bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Propuesta de un modelo de comunicación para proyectos culturales a través de gabinetes de prensa
Authors: García Torres María
Published: May 2016

La comunicación es una de las áreas que por desconocimiento o falta de presupuestos suele descuidarse a la hora de poner en marcha un proyecto cultural. Sin embargo, la difusión a través de los medios de comunicación puede ser crucial para su supervivencia, ya que los periodistas culturales actúan como prescriptores, fomentando un consumo a corto plazo de las ofertas de ocio y productos culturales sobre los que informan. El siguiente artículo analiza el contexto de los medios de comunicación y la especificidad del periodismo cultural. Además, propone un modelo propio para desarrollar gabinetes de prensa especializados en cultura, detallando las herramientas a utilizar y cómo hacerlo. Todo ello basado en documentación bibliográfica así como en la experiencia profesional como periodista y comunicadora de la autora. Un análisis que conduce a una serie de 10 conclusiones que justifican la práctica de la comunicación en la gestión de proyectos culturales.
Acerca de la eficacia y de la eficiencia
Authors: López Ujaque José Manuel
Published: May 2016

Nuestra idea occidental de eficacia es deudora de un entendimiento de raíz clásica en nuestros modos de relación con el mundo que nos rodea. Habitualmente establecemos una forma arquitectónica ideal –eîdos–, que fijamos como objetivo –télos–, y ponemos a trabajar todos los medios a nuestra disposición para que dicha forma y objetivo se acerquen al máximo.

Paralelamente, existe otra acepción de la eficacia radicada en el deario oriental en la que desaparece el activismo. Esta concentra su atención en una lectura precisa del potencial de los procesos en curso, según la cual uno como arquitecto nunca no deja de disminuir su injerencia
Aircraft observations of water-soluble dicarboxylic acids in the aerosols over China
Authors: Zhang Yan-Lin , Kawamura Kimitaka , Fu Ping Qing , Boreddy Suresh K. R. , Watanabe Tomomi , Hatakeyama Shiro , Takami Akinori , Wang Wei
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Vertical profiles of dicarboxylic acids, related organic compounds and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) tracer compounds in particle phase have not yet been simultaneously explored in East Asia, although there is growing evidence that aqueous-phase oxidation of volatile organic compounds may be responsible for the elevated organic aerosols (OA) in the troposphere. Here, we found consistently good correlation of oxalic acid, the most abundant individual organic compounds in aerosols globally, with its precursors as well as biogenic-derived SOA compounds in Chinese tropospheric aerosols by aircraft measurements. Anthropogenically derived dicarboxylic acids (i.e., C5 and C6 diacids) at high altitudes were 4–20 times higher than those from surface measurements and even occasionally dominant over oxalic acid at altitudes higher than 2 km, which is in contrast to the predominance of oxalic acid previously reported globally including the tropospheric and surface aerosols. This indicates an enhancement of tropospheric SOA formation from anthropogenic precursors. Furthermore, oxalic acid-to-sulfate ratio maximized at altitudes of  ∼  2 km, explaining aqueous-phase SOA production that was supported by good correlations with predicted liquid water content, organic carbon and biogenic SOA tracers. These results demonstrate that elevated oxalic acid and related SOA compounds from both the anthropogenic and biogenic sources may substantially contribute to tropospheric OA burden over polluted regions of China, implying aerosol-associated climate effects and intercontinental transport.
The impact of the North American glacial topography on the evolution of the Eurasian ice sheet over the last glacial cycle
Authors: Liakka Johan , Löfverström Marcus , Colleoni Florence
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Modeling studies have shown that the continental-scale ice sheets in North America and Eurasia in the last glacial cycle had a large influence on the atmospheric circulation and thus yielded a climate distinctly different from the present. However, to what extent the two ice sheets influenced each others' growth trajectories remains largely unexplored. In this study we investigate how an ice sheet in North America influences the downstream evolution of the Eurasian ice sheet, using a thermomechanical ice-sheet model forced by climate data from atmospheric snapshot experiments of three distinctly different phases of the last glacial cycle: the Marine Isotope Stages 5b, 4, and 2 (Last Glacial Maximum – LGM). Owing to the large uncertainty associated with glacial changes in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, each atmospheric snapshot experiment was conducted using two distinctly different ocean heat transport representations. Our results suggest that changes in the North American paleo-topography may have largely controlled the zonal distribution of the Eurasian ice sheet. In the MIS4 and LGM experiments, the Eurasian ice sheet migrates westward towards the Atlantic sector – largely consistent with geological data and contemporary ice-sheet reconstructions – due to a low wave number stationary wave response, which yields a cooling in Europe and a warming in northeastern Siberia. The expansion of the North American ice sheet between MIS4 and the LGM amplifies the Siberian warm anomaly, which limits the glaciation there and may therefore help explain the progressive westward migration of the Eurasian ice sheet in this time period. The ocean heat transport only has a small influence on the stationary wave response to the North American glacial topography; however, because temperature anomalies have a smaller influence on an ice sheet's ablation in a colder climate than in a warmer one, the impact of the North American glacial topography on the Eurasian ice-sheet evolution is reduced for colder surface conditions in the North Atlantic. While the Eurasian ice sheet in the MIS4 and the LGM experiments appears to be in equilibrium with the simulated climate conditions, the MIS5b climate forcing is too warm to grow an ice sheet in Eurasia. First-order sensitivity experiments suggest that the MIS5b ice sheet was established during preceding colder stages.
Dominant controls of transpiration along a hillslope transect inferred from ecohydrological measurements and thermodynamic limits
Authors: Renner Maik , Hassler Sibylle K. , Blume Theresa , Weiler Markus , Hildebrandt Anke , Guderle Marcus , Schymanski Stanislaus J. , Kleidon Axel
Published: May 2016

Abstract. We combine ecohydrological observations of sap flow and soil moisture with thermodynamically constrained estimates of atmospheric evaporative demand to infer the dominant controls of forest transpiration in complex terrain. We hypothesize that daily variations in transpiration are dominated by variations in atmospheric demand, while site-specific controls, including limiting soil moisture, act on longer timescales. We test these hypotheses with data of a measurement setup consisting of five sites along a valley cross section in Luxembourg. Both hillslopes are covered by forest dominated by European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). Two independent measurements are used to estimate stand transpiration: (i) sap flow and (ii) diurnal variations in soil moisture, which were used to estimate the daily root water uptake. Atmospheric evaporative demand is estimated through thermodynamically constrained evaporation, which only requires absorbed solar radiation and temperature as input data without any empirical parameters. Both transpiration estimates are strongly correlated to atmospheric demand at the daily timescale. We find that neither vapor pressure deficit nor wind speed add to the explained variance, supporting the idea that they are dependent variables on land–atmosphere exchange and the surface energy budget. Estimated stand transpiration was in a similar range at the north-facing and the south-facing hillslopes despite the different aspect and the largely different stand composition. We identified an inverse relationship between sap flux density and the site-average sapwood area per tree as estimated by the site forest inventories. This suggests that tree hydraulic adaptation can compensate for heterogeneous conditions. However, during dry summer periods differences in topographic factors and stand structure can cause spatially variable transpiration rates. We conclude that absorption of solar radiation at the surface forms a dominant control for turbulent heat and mass exchange and that vegetation across the hillslope adjusts to this constraint at the tree and stand level. These findings should help to improve the description of land-surface–atmosphere exchange at regional scales.
Non-Gaussian data assimilation of satellite-based Leaf Area Index observations with an individual-based dynamic global vegetation model
Authors: Arakida Hazuki , Miyoshi Takemasa , Ise Takeshi , Shima Shin-ichiro , Kotsuki Shunji
Published: May 2016

Abstract. We newly developed a data assimilation system based on a particle filter approach with the Spatially Explicit Individual-Based Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (SEIB-DGVM). We first performed an idealized observing system simulation experiment to evaluate the impact of assimilating the leaf area index (LAI) data every 4 days, assuming the satellite-based LAI. Although we assimilated only LAI as a whole, the forest and grass LAIs were estimated separately with high accuracy. Uncertain model parameters and other state variables were also estimated accurately. Therefore, we extended the experiment to the real world using the real Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LAI data, and obtained promising results.
The climatic mass balance of Svalbard glaciers: a 10-year simulation with a coupled atmosphere–glacier mass balance model
Authors: Aas Kjetil S. , Dunse Thorben , Collier Emily , Schuler Thomas V. , Berntsen Terje K. , Kohler Jack , Luks Bartłomiej
Published: May 2016

Abstract. In this study we simulate the climatic mass balance of Svalbard glaciers with a coupled atmosphere–glacier model with 3 km grid spacing, from September 2003 to September 2013. We find a mean specific net mass balance of −257 mm w.e. yr−1, corresponding to a mean annual mass loss of about 8.7 Gt, with large interannual variability. Our results are compared with a comprehensive set of mass balance, meteorological, and satellite measurements. Model temperature biases of 0.19 and −1.9 °C are found at two glacier automatic weather station sites. Simulated climatic mass balance is mostly within about 100 mm w.e. yr−1 of stake measurements, and simulated winter accumulation at the Austfonna ice cap shows mean absolute errors of 47 and 67 mm w.e. yr−1 when compared to radar-derived values for the selected years 2004 and 2006. Comparison of modeled surface height changes from 2003 to 2008, and satellite altimetry reveals good agreement in both mean values and regional differences. The largest deviations from observations are found for winter accumulation at Hansbreen (up to around 1000 mm w.e. yr−1), a site where sub-grid topography and wind redistribution of snow are important factors. Comparison with simulations using 9 km grid spacing reveal considerable differences on regional and local scales. In addition, 3 km grid spacing allows for a much more detailed comparison with observations than what is possible with 9 km grid spacing. Further decreasing the grid spacing to 1 km appears to be less significant, although in general precipitation amounts increase with resolution. Altogether, the model compares well with observations and offers possibilities for studying glacier climatic mass balance on Svalbard both historically as well as based on climate projections.
El “Animanazo” Canción y memorias. Expresiones y soportes culturales en la reconstrucción del pasado de una localidad del norte argentino
Authors: Villagrán Andrea Jimena , López Irene
Published: May 2016

Este trabajo toma como punto de partida el contexto de producción y situaciones locales de apropiación y resignificación de la canción folklórica “Fuego en Animaná” —así como el reclamo y movilización que esta evoca (“El animanazo”)— para examinar los distintos mecanismos y soportes mediante los cuales una población se relaciona con un acontecimiento de su pasado comunitario, identificándose con éste y apropiándoselo en claves específicas. Se combinan el análisis discursivo de la canción y de entrevistas a pobladores y participantes en el evento con la reconstrucción mediante observación etnográfica de instancias de uso de esta canción.
Oral health of adults in northern Norway – A pilot study
Authors: Adekoya Sarah M. , Brustad Magritt
Published: May 2016

There is a deficiency of data on oral health of adults in northern Norway, and available reports indicate poorer oral health in the north as compared with the rest of the country. The objective of this pilot study was to develop and test out tools for a larger epidemiological study of oral health among adults in northern Norway. The study was conducted in the municipalities of Nordkapp and Båtsfjord located in the northernmost county, Finnmark. Questionnaires and letters of invitation were sent to 100 randomly selected individuals in each town, in total 200. Those who filled and returned the questionnaires were sent appointment cards to a free oral examination at the local dental clinic. The main finding from the study was a low response rate; 34% responded to the questionnaire and 26.5% attended the oral examination. Response rate was highest among women above forty years old (37%) and lowest among men under forty years (12%). There is a necessity for further studies and strategies to increase response rate to subsequent oral epidemiologic studies in northern Norway. Radiological examination is not necessary for such studies but a questionnaire and a physical oral examination should be included.
Forord - Bidrag fra norske forskningsmiljø til dette temanummeret
Authors: - -
Published: May 2016

-
Prevalens av depresjon hos eldre: en kort oversikt basert på erfaringer med epidemiologisk forskning fra Helseundersøkelsen i Nord-Trøndelag (HUNT)
Authors: Stordal Eystein , Solhaug Hanne I. , Bosnes Ingunn , Følstad Anne
Published: May 2016

-
Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Registry: Childhood onset diabetes in Norway 1973-2012
Authors: Skrivarhaug Torild
Published: May 2016

The Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Registry (NCDR) is a prospective, population-based, nationwide registry which systematically register all incident cases of childhood diabetes, and systematically monitors the outcome of diabetes care in children and adolescents. NCDR includes data on childhood onset diabetes since 1973, and diabetes care outcome since 2001. NCDR was founded with the following objectives: To improve the diagnostics, classifications and treatment of childhood-onset diabetes, surveillance of incidence of diabetes in children and adolescents, surveillance of quality of diabetes care in Norwegian paediatric departments, and to stimulate to research in diabetes.
Co-morbidity between diabetes, migraine and depression
Authors: Berge Line Iden , Riise Trond , Iversen Marjolein
Published: May 2016

Background: Young persons using oral antidiabetic agents have increased prevalence of medically treated migraine and depression. In the general population there is a well-known association between migraine and depression. Using medication as a proxy for disease, we investigated to which extent the previously reported increased prevalence of migraine in young persons using oral antidiabetic agents could be explained by co-morbid depression. Methods: Data on all individuals in Norway aged 20-39 years being prescribed anti-diabetic (n=5 055), migraine (n=26 058) and/or antidepressant agents (n=57 424) in 2006 was obtained from the Norwegian Prescription Database and analysed in a cross-sectional design using logistic regression. Results: Persons using oral antidiabetic agents but no antidepressant agents had an overall increased sex and age adjusted OR of using migraine agents compared to persons not using oral anti-diabetic agents (OR= 1.48; 95% CI: 1.26, 1.74). Persons using antidiabetic and antidepressant agents also had an increased OR of receiving migraine agents (OR=1.37; 1.03, 1.82). Estimating these risks for men and women separately, no major differences were found. Conclusion: The findings in the present study give no support for the hypothesis that the increased prevalence of migraine in young persons treated with oral antidiabetic agents partly could be explained by co-morbid depression.
Mortality in childhood-onset type 1 diabetes: Nationwide population based data from Norway
Authors: Skrivarhaug Torild
Published: May 2016

Type 1 diabetes with onset in childhood (0-14.9 years) represents one of the most frequent chronic diseases in children and young adults. Norway has one of the highest incidences of childhood onset type 1 diabetes in the world. Before introduction of insulin therapy in 1922, few children survived more than one to two years after clinical onset. When insulin came available, a major shift occurred in the distribution of causes of death in type 1 diabetic patients away from diabetic coma, which dominated the pre-insulin era, to renal and cardiac diseases. The disease is related to a significant burden to society and patients because most cases require lifelong treatment with insulin as well as day-to-day monitoring. Type 1 diabetes also confers increased risk of severe late complications such as renal failure, blindness, amputations, heart disease and stroke. Despite advances in diabetes treatment, type 1 diabetes is still associated with considerable premature mortality resulting from acute and chronic complications of diabetes and an increase in mortality at every age. Although the main cause of death in type 1 diabetes is long-term complications, an excess death rate has also been reported in subjects with short duration without signs of long-term complications.
Gradering av kvaliteten på dokumentasjonen
Authors: Vist Gunn E. , Sæterdal Ingvil , Vandvik Per Olav , Flottorp Signe A.
Published: May 2016

Hva menes med at noe er ”godt dokumentert”? I hvilken grad kan vi stole på forskningsresultater? Den mest brukte metoden for å vurdere kvalitet på dokumentasjon og styrke på anbefalinger er GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation). GRADE brukes i systematiske oversikter og i retningslinjer der man vurderer effekten av og gir anbefalinger om ulike behandlingsalternativer. I GRADE gjøres et klart skille mellom kvaliteten på dokumentasjonen og styrken på anbefalingene. For å vurdere kvaliteten på dokumentasjonen tar GRADE utgangspunkt i en godt utført systematisk oversikt som omfatter den aktuelle problemstillingen. Både randomiserte forsøk og observasjonsstuder kan inngå. GRADE benytter fem kriterier som vurderes for eventuell nedgradering av kvaliteten på dokumentasjonen: studiekvalitet, konsistens mellom studiene, direkthet, presisjon og rapporteringsskjevheter. I tillegg kan observasjonsstudier vurderes for oppgradering ved følgende tre kriterier: sterke assosiasjoner, dose-responseffekter og forvekslingsfaktorer. Alle vurderingene noteres og presenteres sammen med resultatene i oppsummeringstabeller.Vist GE, Sæterdal I, Vandvik PO, Flottorp SA. Grading the quality of the evidence. Nor J Epidemiol 2013; 23 (2): 151-156.ENGLISH SUMMARY What is meant by the claim that something is “well documented”? How much confidence can we have in the results? The most commonly used method to grade the quality of the evidence is GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation). GRADE is used in systematic reviews, where the effects of different treatments or options are being compared, and in guidelines with recommendations about the competing options. GRADE makes a clear distinction between the quality of the evidence and the strength of recommendation. When grading the quality of the evidence with GRADE, the starting point is a well conducted systematic review of research on the question that is being assessed. Both randomized controlled trials and observational studies can be included in the evaluation. GRADE uses five criteria to judge for possible downgrading of the quality of the evidence: risk of bias, consistency, directness, precision and reporting bias. Observational studies may in addition be assessed for possible upgrading of the quality of evidence using the following three criteria: strong association, dose response relationship, and plausible confounding. All the judgments are noted and presented together with the results in tables.
Health behaviors and family characteristics in early childhood influence caries development. A longitudinal study based on data from MoBa
Authors: Wigen Tove I. , Wang Nina J.
Published: May 2016

Background: Lifestyle diseases including dental caries are partly preventable, and associated with health behavior. Establishing favorable health behavior is one main challenge both in general and dental health services. The purpose of this paper was to focus on cross-disciplinary research that has the potential to prevent development of both dental caries and other lifestyle diseases. More specifically the aim was to study how family characteristics and health behavior in pregnancy and early childhood influence caries development in preschool children.Material and methods: Data from dental examination of 5 year old children in the public dental services was linked to data from MoBa. In total, 1348 children were followed from pregnancy to 5 years of age. The data has provided opportunity to follow longitudinally the development of oral health behavior in early childhood in a large sample, and to study associations between caries development during preschool age and information in the MoBa database.Results: Results from the studies showed that tooth brushing frequency established at 1.5 year of age was stable through preschool age. Caries development in preschool age was related to child and maternal risk behavior in early childhood and to characteristics of risk families.Conclusion: Cross-disciplinary research using MoBa data has given new knowledge on dental caries development in early childhood in Norway. This knowledge can be used in clinical practice both in general and dental health services to improve preventive efforts towards early childhood caries and other lifestyle diseases.
Registry based perinatal epidemiology: The importance of sibling and generation data
Authors: Skjærven Rolv
Published: May 2016

-
Will the Real Sport Historians Please Stand Up? Shadow Boxing with an Absent Presenter
Authors: Smith Maureen M.
Published: May 2016

In June 2014, the Journal of American History published a special issue focused on sports history that, in part, contended that trained historians are better prepared to study sport history than those earning PhDs in other areas. While some contributors to the special issue celebrated the growth of the field, others lamented its lack of respect from their colleagues. My assessment is framed within the broader interdisciplinary field of kinesiology and argues that scholars in both history and kinesiology ought to be engaged in the conversation about the state of the field. These tensions related to academic qualifications and location of the field in history or kinesiology departments as the field grows are not new; nor are they are unique to sport history. Among my conclusions are the recognition of the multiple ways those in sport history can engage with broader audiences, as well as other inclusionary practices, to help foster relationships with our colleagues across the disciplines. Further, sport historians should also take some pride in the history of the field and the efforts of past sport historians who, in the face of colleagues who disrespected their area of study, ignored it and forged ahead, just as scholars do today.
The Impact of Using Google Search Engine and Yahoo Bing Network on Attracting New Customers Online and on the Effectiveness of Online Advertisements
Authors: Alkarablieh Ala’ A.
Published: May 2016

This study aims at measuring the impact of using the most popular search engines: Google and Yahoo Bing networks on attracting new customers towards company websites and on the effectiveness of online advertisements. Quantitative research method and questionnaires were used by researcher to collect data.

The researcher distributed (129) questionnaires on (33) companies that use E-marketing in Jordan. Among those only (87) questionnaires were returned and (42) of which only were usable and valid for the statistical analysis. After executing the analysis, the study concluded that Google search engine has a direct effect on attracting new customers and on online advertisements effectiveness at (α ≤ 0.05) level for companies using E-marketing in Jordan, while Yahoo Bing search engine has a direct effect on attracting new customers and on the effectiveness online advertisements at (α ≤ 0.05) level for companies using E-marketing in Jordan.
Types of Asymmetries in Exporter-Importer Relationships and Alignment Behaviour
Authors: Talay Cagri , Alptekin Volkan
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this paper is to explore the phenomenon of asymmetry in international supply chain relationships and investigate how small exporter firms manage these asymmetric relationships. Prior studies have conceptualized asymmetry as a relationship attribute and concentrated on causal effects of asymmetry in supplier-buyer relationships by highlighting the extensive amount of reasons why asymmetry occurs in dyadic relationships. However, those extensive reasons intent to articulate why asymmetry occurs in relationships, have not provided enough in-depth to understand the complexity of asymmetry in international supply chain relationships, therefore, this study aims to explore the concept of asymmetry by focusing on structure and exercise rather than simply discovering reasons. This research explores the four distinguishable types of relational asymmetry between exporters and importers suggest different implications for international supply chain relationships. As opposed to the existing literature, which has considered and largely agreed that asymmetry is related to a negative connotation, this research suggests that different types of asymmetries also have a positive relational outcome for small export firms. This exploratory paper provides managers with additional insight into the types of asymmetry in international supply chain relationships and suggests that asymmetric relationships must be examined carefully in order to overcome difficulties that distract long-term relationships.
Voorlopige maatregelen uit het economisch strafrecht in handen van het openbaar bestuur?
Authors: Algera B.F.
Published: May 2016

Voorlopige maatregelen uit het economisch strafrecht in handen van het openbaar bestuur?

De voorlopige maatregelen ex artikel 28 en 29 Wet op de economische delicten zijn interessant indien daarmee de bestuurlijke reparatoire handhaving zou kunnen worden versterkt. Dwangsom of bestuursdwang zijn immers steeds vaker niet toereikend bij complexe overtredingen. Het gaat dan bijvoorbeeld om het verplichten tot het nalaten van bepaalde handelingen. Bij de rechtbank kan de officier van justitie verzoeken om bijvoorbeeld onderbewindstelling of tijdelijke stillegging van een onderneming. Deze maatregelen worden nu zelden opgelegd. De officier van justitie beschikt, anders dan het bestuur, immers vaak niet over de specifieke deskundigheid om te kunnen bepalen of een voorlopige maatregel geoorloofd is, hoe deze precies moet worden geformuleerd en wat de mogelijke impact en risico’s van de maatregel zijn. Wel is een nieuw samenspel tussen bestuur en Openbaar Ministerie vereist indien het bestuur deze bevoegdheid zou krijgen toebedeeld.
Noot bij ABRvS 7 oktober 2015, ECLI:NL:RVS:2015:3138 (Wet Aanscherping)
Authors: Stijnen R.
Published: May 2016

ABRvS 7 oktober 2015, ECLI:NL:RVS:2015:3138 (Wet Aanscherping)

In haar uitspraak van 7 oktober 2015 stelt de Afdeling bestuursrechtspraak van de Raad van State de Beleidsregel boeteoplegging Wav 2013 buiten werking door vast te houden aan de bedragen uit het oude beleid. In de noot wordt door Stijnen ingegaan op de tendens dat de wetgever bij het vaststellen van boetemaxima de evenredigheid uit het oog lijkt te verliezen. Betoogd wordt dat het daarom temeer van belang is dat de bestuursrechter vol toetst in boetezaken. De uitspraak van de ABRvS van 7 oktober 2015 is in dat verband toe te juichen.
Proficient brain for optimal performance: the MAP model perspective
Authors: Bertollo Maurizio , di Fronso Selenia , Filho Edson , Conforto Silvia , Schmid Maurizio , Bortoli Laura , Comani Silvia , Robazza Claudio
Published: May 2016

Background.The main goal of the present study was to explore theta and alpha event-related desynchronization/synchronization (ERD/ERS) activity during shooting performance. We adopted the idiosyncratic framework of the multi-action plan (MAP) model to investigate different processing modes underpinning four types of performance. In particular, we were interested in examining the neural activity associated with optimal-automated (Type 1) and optimal-controlled (Type 2) performances.

Methods.Ten elite shooters (6 male and 4 female) with extensive international experience participated in the study. ERD/ERS analysis was used to investigate cortical dynamics during performance. A 4 × 3 (performance types × time) repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to test the differences among the four types of performance during the three seconds preceding the shots for theta, low alpha, and high alpha frequency bands. The dependent variables were the ERD/ERS percentages in each frequency band (i.e., theta, low alpha, high alpha) for each electrode site across the scalp. This analysis was conducted on 120 shots for each participant in three different frequency bands and the individual data were then averaged.

Results.We found ERS to be mainly associated with optimal-automatic performance, in agreement with the “neural efficiency hypothesis.” We also observed more ERD as related to optimal-controlled performance in conditions of “neural adaptability” and proficient use of cortical resources.

Discussion.These findings are congruent with the MAP conceptualization of four performance states, in which unique psychophysiological states underlie distinct performance-related experiences. From an applied point of view, our findings suggest that the MAP model can be used as a framework to develop performance enhancement strategies based on cognitive and neurofeedback techniques.
Enhanced cadmium efflux and root‐to‐shoot translocation are conserved in the hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii (Crassulaceae family)
Authors: Zhang Zhongchun , Yu Qi , Du Hanying , Ai Wenli , Yao Xuan , Mendoza‐Cózatl David G. , Qiu Baosheng
Published: May 2016

Investigation on the molecular mechanisms of cadmium hyperaccumulation has been mostly focused on members of the Brassicaceae family. Here, we show using hyperaccumulating (HP) and nonhyperaccumulating (NHP) populations of Sedum alfredii (Crassulaceae), that Cd hypertolerance correlates with higher Cd efflux rates and less cadmium accumulation in suspension cells and roots. The heavy metal ATPase HMA2, but not HMA4, was highly expressed in suspension cultures and roots from HP plants compared to NHP cells and plants. Reciprocal grafting also showed that Cd translocation is more efficient in HP plants. These results suggest that cadmium efflux is a conserved mechanism among natural cadmium hyperaccumulator species.
Composite Nanostructures of TiO2 and ZnO for Water Splitting Application: Atomic Layer Deposition Growth and Density Functional Theory Investigation
Authors: Kulmas Marina , Paterson Leanne , Höflich Katja , Bashouti Muhammad Y. , Wu Yanlin , Göbelt Manuela , Ristein Jürgen , Bachmann Julien , Meyer Bernd , Christiansen Silke
Published: May 2016

The commercialization of solar fuel devices requires the development of novel engineered photoelectrodes for water splitting applications which are based on redundant, cheap, and environmentally friendly materials. In the current study, a combination of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) onto nanotextured silicon is utilized for a composite electrode with the aim to overcome the individual shortcomings of the respective materials. The properties of conformal coverage of TiO2 and ZnO layers are designed on the atomic scale by the atomic layer deposition technique. The resulting photoanode shows not only promising stability but also nine times higher photocurrents than an equivalent photoanode with a pure TiO2 encapsulation onto the nanostructured silicon. Density functional theory calculations indicate that segregation of TiO2 at the ZnO surfaces is favorable and leads to the stabilization of the ZnO layers in water environments. In conclusion, the novel designed composite material constitutes a promising base for a stable and effective photoanode for the water oxidation reaction.
Understanding and Controlling the Work Function of Perovskite Oxides Using Density Functional Theory
Authors: Jacobs Ryan , Booske John , Morgan Dane
Published: May 2016

Perovskite oxides containing transition metals are promising materials in a wide range of electronic and electrochemical applications. However, neither their work function values nor an understanding of their work function physics have been established. Here, the work function trends of a series of perovskite (ABO3 formula) materials using density functional theory are predicted, and show that the work functions of (001)‐terminated AO‐ and BO2‐oriented surfaces can be described using concepts of electronic band filling, bond hybridization, and surface dipoles. The calculated range of AO (BO2) work functions are 1.60–3.57 eV (2.99–6.87 eV). An approximately linear correlation (R2 between 0.77 and 0.86 is found, depending on surface termination) between work function and position of the oxygen 2p band center, which correlation enables both understanding and rapid prediction of work function trends. Furthermore, SrVO3 is identified as a stable, low work function, highly conductive material. Undoped (Ba‐doped) SrVO3 has an intrinsically low AO‐terminated work function of 1.86 eV (1.07 eV). These properties make SrVO3 a promising candidate material for a new electron emission cathode for application in high power microwave devices, and as a potential electron emissive material for thermionic energy conversion technologies.
An Approach to Five‐Membered Lactams from Aliphatic Amides and Terminal Acetylenes by Nickel Catalysis
Authors: Lin Cong , Zhang Jitan , Chen Zhengkai , Liu Yue , Liu Zhanxiang , Zhang Yuhong
Published: May 2016

A nickel‐catalyzed facile synthesis of structurally diverse five‐membered lactams from aliphatic amides and terminal acetylenes with the assistance of an 8‐aminoquinolyl auxiliary has been achieved. A broad range of terminal acetylenes and aliphatic amides proved to be the efficient coupling partners, furnishing the corresponding lactams in moderate to good yields. The transformation is proven to undergo an oxidative alkynylation followed by the intramolecular annulation process. The methodology can be extended to aromatic amides and acrylamides, which provides an efficient and straightforward protocol for the construction of a variety of isoindolinone and pyrrolidinone derivatives.

magnified image
Iron‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of 1‐Alkynylcyclopropyl Tosylates and Related Substrates
Authors: Tindall Daniel J. , Krause Helga , Fürstner Alois
Published: May 2016

1‐Alkynylcyclopropyl tosylates react with alkylmagnesium halides in the presence of catalytic ferric acetylacetonate [Fe(acac)3] under net propargylic substitution; allene formation, which is the prevalent reactivity mode of propargylic substrates otherwise, was noticed as a side reaction only when branched alkyl‐ or aryl‐Grignard reagents were used. These transformations represent the first successful iron‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions of tert‐alkyl electrophiles.

magnified image
Effects of Ga doping on Pt/CeO2‐Al2O3 catalysts for propane dehydrogenation
Authors: Wang Tuo , Jiang Feng , Liu Gang , Zeng Liang , Zhao Zhi‐jian , Gong Jinlong
Published: May 2016

This paper describes catalytic consequencesThis paper describes catalytic consequences of Pt/CeO2‐Al2O3 catalysts promoted with Ga species for propane dehydrogenation. A series of PtGa/CeO2‐Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by a sequential impregnation method. The as‐prepared catalysts were characterized employing N2 adsorption‐desorption, X‐ray diffrtaction, temperature programmed reduction, O2 volumetric chemisorption, H2‐O2 titration, and transmission electron microscopy. We have shown that Ga3+ cations are incorporated into the cubic fluorite structure of CeO2, enhancing both lattice oxygen storage capacity and surface oxygen mobility. The enhanced reducibility of CeO2 is indicative of higher capability to eliminate the coke deposition and thus is beneficial to the improvement of catalytic stability. Density functional theory calculations confirm that the addition of Ga is prone to improve propylene desorption and greatly suppress deep dehydrogenation and the following coke formation. The catalytic performance shows a strong dependence on the content of Ga addition. The optimal loading content of Ga is 3 wt %, which results in the maximal propylene selectivity together with the best catalytic stability against coke accumulation. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 4365–4376, 2016
Bioreduction of Precious Metals by Microorganism: Efficient Gold@N‐Doped Carbon Electrocatalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhou Weijia , Xiong Tanli , Shi Chaohong , Zhou Jian , Zhou Kai , Zhu Nengwu , Li Ligui , Tang Zhenghua , Chen Shaowei
Published: May 2016

The uptake of precious metals from electronic waste is of environmental significance and potential commercial value. A facile bioreductive synthesis is described for Au nanoparticles (ca. 20 nm) supported on N‐doped carbon (Au@NC), which was derived from Au/Pycnoporus sanguineus cells. The interface and charge transport between Au and N‐doped carbon were confirmed by HRTEM and XPS. Au@NC was employed as an electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), exhibiting a small onset potential of −54.1 mV (vs. RHE), a Tafel slope of 76.8 mV dec−1, as well as robust stability in acidic medium. Au@NC is a multifunctional electrocatalyst, which demonstrates high catalytic activity in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), as evidenced by an onset potential of +0.97 V, excellent tolerance toward methanol, and long‐term stability. This work exemplifies dual recovery of precious Au and fabrication of multifunctional electrocatalysts in an environmentally benign and application‐oriented manner.
Power modulation of electroencephalogram mu and beta frequency depends on perceived level of observed actions
Authors: Simon Shiri , Mukamel Roy
Published: May 2016

Introduction

The ability to understand actions and intentions of others is of great importance to social relationships and is associated with the mirror neuron system of the human brain. Whether conscious perception of specific actions is necessary to trigger activity in this system, or alternatively whether this response is independent of conscious perception is not known.

Methods

We addressed this issue by rendering videos of right hand movements invisible to conscious perception, and measuring electroencephalogram (EEG) power suppression in the mu (8–13 Hz) and beta (15–25 Hz) range as index corresponding to the magnitude of mirror neuron activity.

Results

In the beta range over bilateral sensorimotor sites, we find that suppression indices follow the reported perceptual level of subjects with stronger suppression for consciously perceived trials. Furthermore, in the nonperceived trials, oscillation power is significantly suppressed relative to baseline. In the low mu range (8–10 Hz), oscillation power over the left sensorimotor site is significantly more suppressed in the consciously perceived versus nonperceived trials.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that the intensity of mirror system responses during action observation decreases with the observers' perception level yet remains significant during observation of invisible actions. Such subliminal activity could help explain phenomena such as covert imitation.
Enhanced Catalytic Activity in Liquid‐Exfoliated FeOCl Nanosheets as a Fenton‐Like Catalyst
Authors: Zhang Jian , Jiao Xiu‐Ling , Xia Yu‐Guo , Liu Fang‐Fang , Pang Ying‐Ping , Zhao Xin‐Fu , Chen Dai‐Rong
Published: May 2016

A facile liquid‐phase exfoliation method to prepare few‐layer FeOCl nanosheets in acetonitrile by ultrasonication is reported. The detailed exfoliation mechanism and generated products were investigated by combining first‐principle calculations and experimental approaches. The similar cleavage energies of FeOCl (340 mJ m−2) and graphite (320 mJ m−2) confirm the experimental exfoliation feasibility. As a Fenton reagent, FeOCl nanosheets showed outstanding properties in the catalytic degradation of phenol in water at room temperature, under neutral pH conditions, and with sunlight irradiation. Apart from the increased surface area of the nanosheets, the surface state change of the nanosheets also plays a key role in improving the catalytic performance. The changes of charge density, density of states (DOS), and valence state of Fe atoms in the exfoliated FeOCl nanosheets versus plates illustrated that surface atomistic relationships made the few‐layer nanosheets higher activity, indicating the exfoliation process of the FeOCl nanosheets also brought about surface state changes.
New Trinuclear Complexes of Group 6, 8, and 9 Metals with a Triply Bridging Borylene Ligand
Authors: Yuvaraj K. , Bhattacharyya Moulika , Prakash Rini , Ramkumar V. , Ghosh Sundargopal
Published: May 2016

Trinuclear complexes of group 6, 8, and 9 transition metals with a (μ3‐BH) ligand [(μ3‐BH)(Cp*Rh)2(μ‐CO)M′(CO)5], 3 and 4 (3: M′=Mo; 4: M′=W) and 5–8, [(Cp*Ru)3(μ3‐CO)2(μ3‐BH)(μ3‐E)(μ‐H){M′(CO)3}] (5: M′=Cr, E=CO; 6: M′=Mo, E=CO; 7: M′=Mo, E=BH; 8: M′=W, E=CO), have been synthesized from the reaction between nido‐[(Cp*M)2B3H7] (nido‐1: M=Rh; nido‐2: M=RuH, Cp*=η5‐C5Me5) and [M′(CO)5⋅thf] (M′=Mo and W). Compounds 3 and 4 are isoelectronic and isostructural with [(μ3‐BH)(Cp*Co)2(μ‐CO)M′(CO)5], (M′=Cr, Mo and W) and [(μ3‐BH)(Cp*Co)2(μ‐CO)(μ‐H)2M′′H(CO)3], (M′′=Mn and Re). All compounds are composed of a bridging borylene ligand (B−H) that is effectively stabilized by a trinuclear framework. In contrast, the reaction of nido‐1 with [Cr(CO)5⋅thf] gave [(Cp*Rh)2Cr(CO)3(μ‐CO)(μ3‐BH)(B2H4)] (9). The geometry of 9 can be viewed as a condensed polyhedron composed of [Rh2Cr(μ3‐BH)] and [Rh2CrB2], a tetrahedral and a square pyramidal geometry, respectively. The bonding of 9 can be considered by using the polyhedral fusion formalism of Mingos. All compounds have been characterized by using different spectroscopic studies and the molecular structures were determined by using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis.
Mechanisms of Membrane Pore Formation by Amyloidogenic Peptides in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Chen Charles H. , Khan Ayesha , Huang Joseph Jen‐Tse , Ulmschneider Martin B.
Published: May 2016

Using unbiased atomic‐detailed molecular dynamics simulations, the C‐terminal fragments of TDP‐43 are observed to aggregate and form disordered‐toroidal pores in a lipid bilayer. Cytotoxicity of TDP‐43 may be inferred from the observation that the membrane pores catalyze lipid flip‐flop between bilayer leaflets and conduct water at high rates.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure and Infrared and Raman Spectra of K4(VO)3(SO4)5
Authors: FEHRMANN R. , BOGHOSIAN S. , PAPATHEODOROU G. N. , NIELSEN K. , BERG R. W. , BJERRUM N. J.
Published: May 2016

(I).
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Electric Properties of Mixed‐Layered Phases in the System Bi5Nb3O15‐Bi5Ti1.5W1.5O15.
Authors: YANOVSKII V. K. , VORONKOVA V. I. , LEONT'EVA I. N.
Published: May 2016

Solid solutions on the basis of Bi5Ti1.5W1.5O15 undergo ferroelectric phase transitions, whose temp. rises from 735 to 852 °C on increasing the content of Nb.
ChemInform Abstract: Electronic Absorption Spectrum of Trivalent Vanadium and the Rate of Its Perchlorate Oxidation in Water + Acetonitrile Mixed Solvent.
Authors: GORSKI W.
Published: May 2016

The influence of MeCN on the rate of the reaction shown in the scheme is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Polychalcogenide Synthesis in Molten Salts. Novel One‐Dimensional Compounds in the K/Cu/S System Containing Exclusively S2‐ 4 Ligands.
Authors: KANATZIDIS M. G. , PARK Y.
Published: May 2016

The novel compounds α‐KCuS4 (I) and β‐KCuS4 (II) are prepared by reaction of Cu with K2S4 at 215 and 250 °C, resp. (vacuum, 4 d, ∼100% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereochemistry of 2,6‐Dipyridine Substituted N‐Benzyl‐4‐piperidone Mono‐ and Dicarboxylates and of the Corresponding Reduction Products.
Authors: HOLZGRABE U. , PIENING B. , HESSE K.‐F. , HOELTJE H.‐D. + , WORCH M.
Published: May 2016

Cyclocondensation of benzylamine (I), aldehyde (II), and ketodiester (III) or ‐monoester (V) leads to pyridones respective their enols (IV) and (VI), respectively, which are reduced to epimeric alcohols, e.g. (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Promoted Cyclization. Part 19. Novel Bicyclization of Enynes and Diynes Promoted by Zirconocene Derivatives and Conversion of Zirconabicycles into Bicyclic Enones via Carbonylation.
Authors: NEGISHI E. , HOLMES S. J. , TOUR J. M. , MILLER J. A. , CEDERBAUM F. E. , SWANSON D. R. , TAKAHASHI T.
Published: May 2016

Enynes and diynes such as (I), (VI) or (X) react with ZrCp2 equivalents generated from (II) to give the zirconabicycles (III), (VII) or (XI).
ChemInform Abstract: Reduction of Halonitrobenzenes with Disodium Ditelluride in N,N‐Dimethylformamide.
Authors: ZINGARO R. A. , HERRERA C.
Published: May 2016

The title reaction results in displacement of the halide, reduction of the nitro group, and a ring closure reaction to yield the phenazines (II) as major products.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Route to Both Enantiomers of N‐(p‐Tolylsulfonyl)benzenesulfonimidamide and Their Use for Asymmetric Allylic Amination of Olefins.
Authors: TSUSHIMA S. , YAMADA Y. , ONAMI T. , OSHIMA K. , CHANEY M. O. , JONES N. D. , SWARTZENDRUBER J. K.
Published: May 2016

The chiral title compounds (R)‐(IV) and (S)‐(IV) are prepared via optical resolution of the sulfonimidoyl chloride (I); their structures are established by X‐ray analysis of (V) (space group P212121, Z=4).
ChemInform Abstract: Stability and Stereochemistry in the Decomposition of Pentasubstituted 1‐Pyrazolines Controlled by Interactions Between Bulky Vicinal Substituents.
Authors: NAKANO Y. , HAMAGUCHI M. , NAGAI T.
Published: May 2016

The authors present a detailed investigation of the thermal decomposition of highly substituted pyrazolines such as (III), obtained by 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction of diazoalkanes, e.g. (I) or (IV), with the functionalized olefins (II), yielding cyclopropanes, e.g. (IX) and (X).
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Terminal Alkynes with cis‐Phenyldiazene, NH=N(C6H5).
Authors: SMITH M. R. III , HILLHOUSE G. L.
Published: May 2016

cis‐Phenyldiazene (II), generated from complex (I), reacts with some substrates such as (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 2,5‐Bis(trifluoromethyl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole with Primary Amines. Synthesis of 4‐Substituted‐3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazoles.
Authors: REITZ D. B. , FINKES M. J.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of the bis(trifluoromethyl)oxadiazole (I) with amines such as (II) leads to the title compounds (III) (ca.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simplified Procedure for Preparing 3,5‐Disubstituted‐1,2,4‐Oxadiazoles by Reaction of Amidoximes with Acyl Chlorides in Pyridine Solution.
Authors: CHIOU S. , SHINE H. J.
Published: May 2016

A variety of acid chlorides react with oximes, e.g. (I), to give the title oxadiazoles such as (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactions of 2,3‐Dihydro‐1H‐naphtho(2,1‐b)pyran‐3‐ol.
Authors: NAKAZAWA T. , FURUKAWA H. , TORII K. , ITABASHI K.
Published: May 2016

The naphthol (I) reacts with the acryl aldehydes (II) to give the hydroxynaphthopyrans (III).