bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The problem of virtual modeling of historical processes in modern science
Authors:   State Institution ", Okorokova Vira ,   South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky"
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the problem of virtual modeling of historical events and processes. It is noted that the modeling of social and historical processes began to be developed as a method for studying society only from the 70s-80s of the XX century. At the turn of the XX - XXI century, such an interdisciplinary direction as cliodynamics, devoted to the modeling of historical processes based on mathematical methods, appeared. The emergence of this scientific direction shows that the topic of modeling historical processes is based on the methodology of mathematical modeling. The article draws special attention to the virtualization of modern society as a factor in improving the modeling method. Computer technologies are becoming the main means, which greatly simplifies the modeling technology. Problems in creating a model of historical processes are noted, which is associated with a source study basis, the use of additional technologies, and it is also necessary to take into account the complexity, irreversibility, nonlinearity of the historical process itself. Also, as an example, ABM (agent-based models) are given, as an example of imitation and visualization of objects, phenomena. Among the individual characteristics of virtual modeling, the author identifies the ability to create a plausible imitation of an event, interactivity, information content, the ability to change / correct the intended nature of the process or the result of an event, unlimited time and space. This is the advantage of virtual modeling as a method of modern reconstruction of historical events, especially those that do not have accurate data, are debatable. Moreover, the article points out that this type of modeling has already embraced even those historical sciences that were more problematic in this regard (archeology, paleontology).
„Royal Commission on Monuments and Landscapes” as a guarantor of the cultural heritage of Belgium
Authors:   South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky, Prysiazhniuk Oleksii
Published: February 2021

The „Royal Commission on Monuments and Landscapes” of Belgium was one of the first European institutions to emerge in the 19th century and lay the foundations for the systematic protection of cultural heritage. In fact, it was created by decree of King Leopold I on January 7, 1835. The Royal Commission was set up a few years before the adoption of municipal and provincial laws, which became the backbone of the Belgian democratic and decentralized regime. In 1860, the structure of the Royal Commission changed – committees were established at the provincial level under the chairmanship of the governors. The committees were tasked with gathering information on the ground and overseeing the preservation of monuments or works of art. The Royal Commission was commissioned to make a general inventory of artifacts of art and antiquity belonging to public institutions, the preservation of which is important for the history of art and national archeology. Following the enactment of the Landscape Beauty Act of 1911, a section of landscapes appeared in the Royal Commission, approved by a royal decree of May 29, 1912. Since then, it has received its current name, the Royal Commission on Monuments and Landscapes. Members of the Royal Commission have developed an internal classification of monuments, as well as landscapes and places of most interest to the Kingdom. This practice led to the gradual adoption of the concept of classification, which was first approved in the Law of 7 August 1931 on the Preservation of Monuments and Landscapes. The law of 1931 was the culmination of almost a century of efforts by the Royal Commission. Thanks to him, Belgium has acquired a modern legal arsenal that allows for a real policy on heritage protection. Since then, the Commission has become the most important body for dealing with requests for work with classified objects and the official source of requests for classification proposals.
Time matters: a call to prioritise brain health
Authors: Trout Ruth , Woods Victoria
Published: February 2021

Ruth Trout summarises the content of a policy report recommending a proactive approach to neurodegenerative disease management. Nurses are reminded of the importance of the contribution of nurses to policymaking and implementation of policy.
Thoracic trauma in small animals: road traffic accidents
Authors: Sheard Kate
Published: February 2021

Thoracic trauma is common in small animals and can be caused by a variety of insults from penetrating wounds to blunt force trauma. Patients that have sustained any form of thoracic trauma require immediate attention and intensive nursing care in order to have a positive outcome for the patient. These cases can prove challenging as multiple organ systems can be affected and surgery is often required. However, combined with the appropriate medical care, the outcome can be successful.
How to blood sample
Authors: Bloor Claire
Published: February 2021

Venepuncture to obtain a blood sample for analysis is a task frequently undertaken by nursing staff in veterinary practices. This article will explore how to undertake this task safely and efficiently to ensure a diagnostic sample is obtained for analysis, while highlighting any potential pitfalls and how they can be avoided.
Laser-induced fluorescent visualization and photodynamic therapy in surgical treatment of glial brain tumors
Authors: Kustov D. M. , Kozlikina E. I. , Efendiev K. T. , Loshchenov M. V. , Grachev P. V. , Maklygina Yu. S. , Trifonov I. S. , Baranov A. V. , Stranadko E. F. , Panchenkov D. N. , Krylov V. V. , Loschenov V. B.
Published: February 2021

High-grade gliomas have a diffuse and infiltrative nature of the growth of tumor cells, due to which the achievement of radical resection is difficult. Surgical resection completeness of brain tumors is an important factor in prolonging the life of patients. An accurate definition of tumor boundaries and residual fluorescent regions is impossible due to imperfections of the equipment used for fluorescent imaging. 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a precursor of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in humans and is clinically used to detect and treat tumors. Currently, fluorescence-guided surgery with PpIX used a surgical microscope with an excitation wavelength in the blue spectrum range. Because of its low ability to penetrate into biological tissue, blue light is ineffective for providing high-quality fluorescent navigation. Also, when performing an operation using radiation in the blue spectrum range, the photosensitizer’s surface layer (PS) often bleaches out, which leads to frequent errors. The use of red light emission makes it possible to slow down the PS bleaches out due to the absorption properties of PpIX, but this task is technically more complicated and requires highly sensitive cameras and specialized optical filters. The new two-channel video system for fluorescent navigation has a radiation source in the red range of the spectrum, the penetration depth of which is greater than the blue light, which makes it possible to increase the depth of probing into biological tissues. The study’s clinical part involved 5 patients with high grade glioma and 1 patient with low grade glioma: grade III oligodendrogliomas (2), grade IV glioblastomas (3), and grade II diffusion astrocytoma (1).
Dephasing-assisted entanglement in a system of strongly coupled qubits
Authors: Vovcenko I. V. , Shishkov V. Yu. , Andrianov E. S.
Published: February 2021

Creation of entangled states of quantum systems with low decoherence rates is a cornerstone in practical implementation of quantum computations. Processes of separate dephasing in each qubit in experimentally feasible systems is commonly accepted to destroy entanglement. In this work, we consider a system of two strongly coupled qubits that interact with dephasing reservoirs. We demonstrate that interaction with dephasing reservoirs can contribute to the formation of a long-lived mixed entangled state with nonzero concurrence. The weight of the subradiant state in this mixed state tends toward unity if the dephasing rate is much larger than the radiative rate and less than the coupling constant between qubits. The lifetime of this state is proportional to the exponent of the ratio of the coupling constant to environmental temperature and can be, by orders of magnitude, larger than the system’s characteristic dephasing and dissipation times. Therefore, high dephasing, along with strong coupling, contributes to the creation of an entangled state with a long lifetime. This result paves the way for creation of long-lived entangled states.
Ultrabroadband metal-black absorbers and the performance simulations based on a three-dimensional cluster-structure model
Authors: Hao Yan , Yang Suhui , Li Zhuo , Wang Xin , Zhang Jinying , Liao Yingqi , Li Defang
Published: February 2021

Broadband light absorbers are attractive for their applications in photodetection and thermo-photovoltaics. Metal-black porous coatings have been experimentally proven to have broadband light absorption. However, a theoretical model is of importance for the design and fabrication of metal-black absorbers. Here we propose a three-dimensional cluster-structure model to simulate the absorption of metal-black films. Based on experimental data, a model of uniform clusters formed by nanoparticles with Gaussian random distribution in position was constructed for the gold-black absorbers. The absorption spectra were simulated with this model by finite-difference time-domain method. The gold-black absorbers were fabricated by the one-step magnetron sputtering process. The average absorption of gold-black absorbers with sputtering pressure of 50, 65 and 80 Pa were 72.34%, 87.25% and 91.08% in the visible spectral range and 81.77% (80 Pa) in 3–12 µm infrared spectrum. The high broadband absorption was attributed to the multiple scattering of incident light inside the gold-black porous structure. The simulations showed good agreements with experimental results with an error of 2.35% in visible spectrum and 1.82% in 3–12 µm infrared spectrum. To verify the applicability of this model, aluminum-black absorbers with different thicknesses were fabricated, and the absorption error between simulation and experimental results was 3.96%. This cluster model can be a good tool to design ultrabroadband absorbers based on metal-black porous structures.
Experimental simulation of time and frequency transfer via an optical satellite–ground link at 10-18 instability
Authors: Shen Qi , Guan Jian-Yu , Zeng Ting , Lu Qi-Ming , Huang Liang , Cao Yuan , Chen Jiu-Peng , Tao Tian-Qi , Wu Jin-Cai , Hou Lei , Liao Sheng-Kai , Ren Ji-Gang , Yin Juan , Jia Jian-Jun , Jiang Hai-Feng , Peng Cheng-Zhi , Zhang Qiang , Pan Jian-Wei
Published: February 2021

Microwave-based satellite–ground links are used to transfer time and frequency in various applications such as metrology, navigation, positioning, and very long baseline interferometers. The existing approaches, however, cannot fully satisfy the requirements of these applications. In this study, we investigated the possibility of an optical-based satellite–ground link, where the transferred carriers are pulsed lasers, resulting in a link with a high time resolution and a large ambiguous range. First, we analyzed the parameters of satellites in different orbits and concluded that high-orbit links enable more stable time–frequency comparison or dissemination by taking advantage of the long duration, a large common view range, and the lower relativistic effects. Subsequently, we performed a 16 km free-space transfer experiment to simulate links in the loss, noise, and delay effects. The link exhibits an instability of

4
×

10

−
18

at 3,000 s and an approximately 10 fs time deviation with an average loss of  72 dB, corresponding to the loss of a satellite–ground link at geostationary earth orbit (GEO). Based on these results, we expect that the instability of the time–frequency transfer via a GEO link might reach

10

−
18

at 10,000 s.
Hybridized distance- and contact-based hierarchical structure modeling for folding soluble and membrane proteins
Authors: Roche Rahmatullah , Bhattacharya Sutanu , Bhattacharya Debswapna
Published: February 2021

Crystallography and NMR system (CNS) is currently a widely used method for fragment-free ab initio protein folding from inter-residue distance or contact maps. Despite its widespread use in protein structure prediction, CNS is a decade-old macromolecular structure determination system that was originally developed for solving macromolecular geometry from experimental restraints as opposed to predictive modeling driven by interaction map data. As such, the adaptation of the CNS experimental structure determination protocol for ab initio protein folding is intrinsically anomalous that may undermine the folding accuracy of computational protein structure prediction. In this paper, we propose a new CNS-free hierarchical structure modeling method called DConStruct for folding both soluble and membrane proteins driven by distance and contact information. Rigorous experimental validation shows that DConStruct attains much better reconstruction accuracy than CNS when tested with the same input contact map at varying contact thresholds. The hierarchical modeling with iterative self-correction employed in DConStruct scales at a much higher degree of folding accuracy than CNS with the increase in contact thresholds, ultimately approaching near-optimal reconstruction accuracy at higher-thresholded contact maps. The folding accuracy of DConStruct can be further improved by exploiting distance-based hybrid interaction maps at tri-level thresholding, as demonstrated by the better performance of our method in folding free modeling targets from the 12th and 13th rounds of the Critical Assessment of techniques for protein Structure Prediction (CASP) experiments compared to popular CNS- and fragment-based approaches and energy-minimization protocols, some of which even using much finer-grained distance maps than ours. Additional large-scale benchmarking shows that DConStruct can significantly improve the folding accuracy of membrane proteins compared to a CNS-based approach. These results collectively demonstrate the feasibility of greatly improving the accuracy of ab initio protein folding by optimally exploiting the information encoded in inter-residue interaction maps beyond what is possible by CNS.
Access to malaria prevention and control interventions among seasonal migrant workers: A multi-region formative assessment in Ethiopia
Authors: Argaw Mesele Damte , Woldegiorgis Asfawesen GebreYohannes , Workineh Habtamu Aderaw , Akelom Berhane Alemayhu , Abebe Mesfin Eshetu , Abate Derebe Tadesse , Ashenafi Eshetu Gezahegn
Published: February 2021

Background

Mobile or seasonal migrant workers are at increased risk for acquiring malaria infections and can be the primary source of malaria reintroduction into receptive areas. The aim of this formative assessment was to describe access to malaria prevention and control interventions among seasonal migrant or mobile workers in seven regional states of Ethiopia.

Methods

A cross-sectional formative assessment was conducted using a qualitative and quantitative mixed-method design, between October 2015 and October 2016. Quantitative data were collected from organizations that employ seasonal migrant workers and were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and ArcGIS 10.8 (Geo-spatial data). Qualitative data were collected using in-depth interview from 23 key informants (7 seasonal migrant workers, and 16 experts and managers of development projects who had hired seasonal migrant workers), which were recorded, transcribed, translated, coded, and thematically analyzed.

Results

There were 1,017,888 seasonal migrant workers employed in different developmental organizations including large-scale crop cultivating farms, sugar cane plantations, horticulture, road and house construction work, and gold mining and panning. Seasonal migrant workers’ housing facilities were poorly structured and overcrowded (30 people living per 64 square meter room) limiting the use of indoor residual spraying (IRS), and forcing seasonal migrant workers not to use long lasting insecticidal treated nets (LLINs). Seasonal migrant workers are engaged in nighttime activities when employment includes watering farmlands, harvesting sesame, and transporting sugar cane from the field to factories. Despite such high-risk living conditions, access and utilization of preventive and curative services by the seasonal workers were limited. Informal migrant worker employment systems by development organizations and inadequate technical and financial support coupled with poor supply chain management limited the planning and delivery of malaria prevention and treatment strategies targeting seasonal migrant workers.

Conclusions

Seasonal migrant workers in seven regions of Ethiopia were at substantial risk of acquiring malaria. Existing malaria prevention, control and management interventions were inadequate. This will contribute to the resurgence of outbreaks of malaria in areas where transmission has been lowered. A coordinated action is needed among all stakeholders to identify the size of seasonal migrant workers and develop and implement a comprehensive strategy to address their healthcare needs.
Suitability evaluation for mountain-based adventure tourism: A case study of Xinjiang Tianshan, China
Authors: Wang Cuirong , Yang Zhaoping
Published: February 2021

In recent years, there has been considerable growth in the provision of and demand for adventure tourism; however, research that examines the resources regarding adventure tourism is limited. A spatial suitability evaluation system for mountain-based adventure tourism (MBAT) was developed via the integration of the AHP-Delphi technique. The evaluation system parameters included resource conditions, difficulty levels, safety conditions, and ecological sensitivity. Furthermore, each parameter contained several indicators that can be quantified and visualised in ArcGIS. The results showed that suitable areas for professional adventure tourism in Xinjiang Tianshan include the Kurdening and Tomur regions, and the those for adventure tourism include the Tianshan Tianchi lake. Furthermore, suitable areas for experiential adventure tourism include the Tianshan Tianchi lake, Tianshan Grand Canyon, Jiangbulak, East Tianshan, Tuohurasu scenic area, and the Gongliu wild fruit forest, while those for mass adventure tourism include large areas in the middle and low altitude range of Tianshan. The methods and results proposed in this paper are expected to be significant for planning adventure tourism and can be helpful for mountain communities when choosing regions to develop for adventure tourism, formulating tourism development strategies, increasing tourism opportunities, and thus improving regional competitiveness.
Retrospective analysis of 426 donors of a convalescent collective after mild COVID-19
Authors: Flieder Tobias , Vollmer Tanja , Müller Benjamin , Dreier Jens , Fischer Bastian , Knabbe Cornelius , Birschmann Ingvild
Published: February 2021

Background

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread across the world. The aim of our study was to characterize mild courses and to determine the antibody status for these patients.

Methods

We initiated an appeal for convalescent plasma donations. 615 people contacted us, and we ultimately included 426 in our analyses, in whom it was possible to assume COVID-19 based on detection of specific SARS-CoV-2 antibodies or virus detection during the disease using RT-PCR.

Results

The median duration of the disease was 12 days and the most common symptoms were fatigue, cough and olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG was detected in 82.4% of the persons and IgA antibodies were found in 73.9%. In 10.8%, no antibodies were detectable despite a positive RT-PCR result during the disease. Nevertheless, of 24 persons with asymptomatic courses of COVID-19, antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 could be detected in 23 (96%). Furthermore, there was a correlation between the duration of the disease and the detection of IgG antibodies. In addition, a correlation between the determined IgG antibodies and neutralizing antibodies was shown.

Conclusion

In this study, we were able to describe mild COVID-19 courses and determine antibody statuses for them. It could be shown that, despite SARS-CoV-2 detection during the disease, not all individuals developed antibodies or their level of antibodies had dropped below the detection limit shortly after the end of the disease. The extent to which immunity to re-infection is given in persons with undetectable antibodies (IgG, IgA) needs to be investigated in future studies.
Analysing the ethics of weight-related news through the lens of journalism codes
Authors: Bonfiglioli Catriona
Published: February 2021

Overweight and obesity are significant health issues for Australians. Fat people make up the majority of the population, yet they experience significant discrimination. Analyses of weight-related news demonstrate that blame for obesity is most often laid at the feet of fat people, despite a large body of evidence demonstrating the power of environmental drivers of obesity beyond individual control. There is growing criticism of how news frames obesity and illustrates news with ‘headless fatties’. This study is the first to analyse the ethics of reporting obesity using current journalists’ codes as the analytical framework. It reports an original ethical analysis of a unique dataset of weight-related news from a moment in history when obesity was framed as a crisis and coverage was unprecedented. Using the Media Entertainment and Arts Alliance (MEAA) code of ethics as an analytical framework, the extent to which coverage meets standards of journalism ethics and professionalism and performs the watchdog role is interrogated. The analysis identifies how an opportunity to highlight for the public the power and significance of those drivers of weight gain beyond individual control was briefly seized and then dropped in the face of the dominant discourse of individual responsibility. Despite numerous calls to improve reporting of obesity and representations of people of size, the news media do too little to hold industry and government to account, and the paucity of voices of people of size suggests a lack of opportunity for reply. Strategies for a more ethical approach to obesity news are offered.
New Journalisms: Rethinking Practice, Theory and Pedagogy, Karen Fowler-Watt and Stephen Jukes (eds) (2020)
Authors: Englert Jonathan
Published: February 2021

Review of: New Journalisms: Rethinking Practice, Theory and Pedagogy, Karen Fowler-Watt and Stephen Jukes (eds) (2020)

New York: Routledge, 212 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-138-59674-0, h/bk, $107.86

ISBN 978-1-138-59675-7, p/bk, $36.84

ISBN 978-0-429-48747-7, ebk, $42.70 (Buy), $8.46 (Rent)
To See and Be Seen: The Environments, Interactions and Identities behind News Images, T. J. Thomson (2019)
Authors: Caple Helen
Published: February 2021

Review of: To See and Be Seen: The Environments, Interactions and Identities behind News Images, T. J. Thomson (2019)

London and New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 186 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-78661-282-3, ebk, $43.99
Media and the Politics of Offence, Anne Graefer (ed.) (2019)
Authors: Giotis Chrisanthi
Published: February 2021

Review of: Media and the Politics of Offence, Anne Graefer (ed.) (2019)

Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 258 pp.,

ISBN 978-3-030-17573-3, p/bk, €24.99

ISBN 978-3-030-17574-0, ebk, €21.39
Fallout: The Hiroshima Cover-up and the Reporter Who Revealed It to the World, Lesley Blume (2020)
Authors: Ricketson Matthew
Published: February 2021

Review of: Fallout: The Hiroshima Cover-up and the Reporter Who Revealed It to the World, Lesley Blume (2020)

Brunswick: Scribe, 276 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-92571-393-0, p/bk, $24.99

ISBN 978-1-98212-851-7, h/bk, $27.00

ISBN 978-1-98212-855-5, ebk, $12.99
Genetic variations in the Myostatin gene affecting growth traits in sheep
Authors: Osman Noha M. , Shafey Heba I. , Abdelhafez Mohamed A. , Sallam Ahmed M. , Mahrous Karima F.
Published: February 2021

Background and Aim: Sheep productivity in developing countries is crucial, as this animal is an essential source of meat and wool. Myostatin (MSTN) plays an important role in the regulation of muscle mass through the regulation of muscle growth, differentiation, and regeneration. The present study sought to investigate genetic variation in the first intron of the MSTN gene and the association of variants with growth traits in major sheep breeds in Egypt (Barki, Ossimi, and Rahmani) and Saudi Arabia (Najdi) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing.

Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected, and DNA was extracted from 75 animals. A 386 bp fragment in the first intron of the MSTN gene was amplified using PCR. Polymorphic sites were detected using direct sequencing and then correlated with growth traits using a general linear model.

Results: Sequence analysis of the first intron of MSTN gene identified six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the studied breeds. Four mutual SNPs were determined: c.18 G>T, c.241 T>C, c.243 G>A, and c.259 G>T. In addition, two SNPs c.159 A>T and c.173 T>G were monomorphic (AA and TT, respectively) in the Ossimi, Rahmani, and Najdi breeds and polymorphic in the Barki breed. The association analysis revealed that the c.18 G>T and c.241 C>T significantly associated (p<0.05) with birth weight and average daily weight gain, respectively.

Conclusion: Our results strongly support MSTN as a candidate gene for marker-assisted selection in sheep breeding programs. Furthermore, the identified variants may be considered as putative markers to improve growth traits in sheep.
COVID-19 Impact on the Sharing Economy Post-Pandemic
Authors: Vinod Paul P. , Sharma Dipasha
Published: February 2021

In December 2019, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was identified and within a month its outbreak was seen across the world, with more than 180 countries being affected. This outbreak resulted in lockdowns and some major precautionary steps to contain the pandemic in various countries. To analyse its effect on the sharing economy model, we will study the two major companies in ride-sharing business and hospitality business – Airbnb and Uber. The approach is to have a comparative study on how the shared economy services helped in the internet community, and its prospects post-pandemic. The study will use the discussions and analyses of interviews collected from various shared economy industrial experts and customers. The paper will also assess the importance of the institutional and government regulation framework to improve the sharing economy business model. The research paper also provides a detailed comparison of companies’ customer responses post-pandemic on the basis of a few parameters, and the frequency of usage of these services.
A Study of the Socio-Economic Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lahiri Shouvik , Sinha Manish
Published: February 2021

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns of an imminent economic crisis, feared to be much worse than the Great Depression. Although the pandemic is global, its impact is deeply local. This paper aims to determine the socio-economic implications of the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly on the various organisations and on the consumption patterns of individuals. On the social front, there will be a look into how social distancing, panic buying and other preventive measures necessitated by this pandemic have altered the behavioural pattern of individuals in their interactions with other economic agents. Design/Methodology/Approach: The methodology adopted is a qualitative one, where in-depth interviews were conducted across various sectors. Our focus is primarily on changes in consumption and occupational patterns. Accordingly, interviews of household members, labourers and employers have been conducted. Such a study will have practical implications in terms of helping to build theory and policy. Findings: This study has analysed how global pandemics alter individual behaviour, from a socio-economic standpoint. Practical/Theoretical Implications: This research will prove useful in predicting human behaviour during any ‘flu-like’ epidemic in the future.
PENGENDALIAN PERSEDIAAN PROBABILISTIK PRODUK SUBSTITUSI DENGAN PERMINTAAN SEBAGAI FUNGSI HARGA
Authors: Nafisah Laila , Sutrisno Sutrisno
Published: February 2021

Kamara Living merupakan suatu unit usaha yang bergerak dalam penjualan kebutuhan sehari-hari. Salah satu produk yang populer adalah sarung bantal. Sarung bantal yang ditawarkan memiliki beberapa desain motif dan jenis yang berbeda. Permintaan akan produk sarung bantal tidak menentu antara satu desain dengan desain yang lain. Ketika desain tertentu persediaannya habis, perusahaan akan menawarkan desain lain dari jenis kain yang sama. Jika konsumen tidak bersedia maka terjadi kehilangan penjualan. Ketika persediaan berlebih, perusahaan akan memberikan harga promosi untuk mendongkrak tingkat penjualannya. Jika ini dibiarkan terus-menerus, tentu saja perusahaan akan mengalami penurunan keuntungan. Pada makalah ini dikembangkan model persediaan dengan mempertimbangkan produk substitusi dengan permintaan sebagai fungsi harga yang bertujuan untuk meminimasi total biaya persediaan. Penyelesaian model yang dilakukan mampu menghasilkan solusi kuantitas pemesanan dan titik pemesanan yang optimal. Validasi model dilakukan dengan membandingkan hasil dari model yang dikembangkan terhadap kondisi riil. Selain itu juga dilakukan analisis sensitivitas terhadap parameter-parameter yang berpengaruh. Abstract[Product-substitution Inventory Model with Demand depend on Price] Kamara Living is a business unit engaged in selling daily stuff. One popular product is pillowcases. The pillow cover offered has several different motif designs and types. The demand for pillowcases is uncertain between one design and another. When a stockout occurs for a particular design, the company will offer another design of the same type of fabric. If consumers are not willing, there will be lost sales. When there is overstock, the company will provide promotional prices to increase sales levels. If this is allowed to continue, of course the company will experience a decline in profits. In this paper, an inventory model is developed by considering substitute products with demand as a price function that aims to minimize the total cost of inventory. Completion of the model carried out is able to produce optimal order quantity and order point solutions. Model validation is done by comparing the results of the models developed against real conditions. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was carried out on the influential parameters.Keywords: Inventory Models; Product Substitution; Demand Depend on Price
Kajian Daya Dukung Lingkungan dalam Pemanfaatan Ruang di Kawasan Bandung Utara
Authors: Samodro Putraarta , Rahmatunnisa Mudiyati , Endyana Cipta
Published: February 2021

Northern Bandung Area (KBU) plays a vital role and function to surrounding areas as a groundwater catchment area. The West Java Province Spatial Plan (RTRW) stipulates KBU as the Provincial Strategic Area (KSP) for environmental protection. The spatial control governance over the KBU is currently regulated by the Governor Regulation Number 2 Year 2016 about Guidelines for Controling the Northern Bandung Area as the the West Java Province Strategic Area. The KBU development ought to take environmental carrying capacity into account concerning the completion of environmentally based spatial use programs in the KBU. This study aimed to analyze the environmental carrying capacity of land use, and to formulate program recommendation of desired spatial use in KBU. Conservation index method was used to analyze environmental carrying capacity necessary to spatial use program recommendation. The results showed that the land use coverage in 2015 decreased actual conservation function, creating an increase of critical conservation areas by 68.37% and by 69.78% in 2018. In contrast, the conservation index on the land use plan in the RTRW showed a decrease in critical conservation area to 35.90% in 2029. However, such a declining figure has not been supported by environmental programs in the land use plan implementation required to increase the good conservation class by 42.27% while it recorded by 10.78% in 2018. It can be concluded that the IKA and IKC studies showed a distribution expansion of critical lands in KBU, and the IKR analysis proved that the land use plan in the RTRW would reduce critical conservation areas.
Model Sistem Dinamik untuk Evaluasi Skenario Pengelolaan Sampah di Kota Depok
Authors: Artika Ika , Chaerul Mochammad
Published: February 2021

One of the government programs to achieve the target of the National Waste Management Policy and Strategy is to build a regional landfill. To support regional landfill operations, the local governments which have utilized regional landfill need to prepare policies and strategies for optimizing waste management services in their area. Depok City is one of four cities that will served by Nambo Regional Landfill. The purpose of this study was to analyze various alternative policy scenarios to optimize waste management services in Depok City and determine their effects on the amount of waste transported to Nambo Regional Landfill. The policy analysis method used simulation model with a dynamic system approach. The simulation was conducted from 2020 to 2045. There were four scenarios, namely business as usual scenario, scenario A for the optimization of existing waste treatment facilities, scenario B which was based on local waste management policies and strategies, and scenario C for achieving 30% target of waste reduction. The simulation results showed the waste generation in 2045 was estimated to reach 3,426 tons/day. Results from all scenarios showed that the amount of waste disposed to landfill exceeds the maximum waste input to Nambo Regional Landfill. From scenario C, the amount of waste to be processed in the local landfill in 2045 was at least 1,180 tons/day. Depok City has a huge amount of waste and will continue to increase, so it is necessary to add waste treatment facilities and local landfill for the next 26 years. Landfill needs can be reduced by increasing waste treatment, but it requires greater waste management costs.
Autowizerunek funkcjonariusza służby ochrony więziennictwa: studium przypadku Zakładu Karnego w Rawiczu
Authors: Wódczyński Piotr
Published: February 2021

Celami głównymi artykułu są: określenie sposobów postrzegania funkcjonariuszy służby ochrony więziennictwa Zakładu Karnego w Rawiczu poprzez nich samych oraz wyjaśnienie, dlaczego u strażników występują konkretne mechanizmy autokreacyjne. Granice terytorialne ograniczają się do ZK w Rawiczu, czasowe do okresu od września 2018 do marca 2019 r., podmiotowe do funkcjonariuszy służby ochrony więziennictwa ZK w Rawiczu, przedmiotowe do autowizerunku pełnionej roli zawodowej. Osiągnięto je przez rozwiązanie następujących problemów badawczych: Jakie są sposoby autokreacji wizerunku strażników? Dlaczego u strażników występują konkretne mechanizmy? Wnioski: dyrektor oraz jego zastępcy powinni podjąć odpowiednie działania, dzięki którym winni powstrzymać rozwój negatywnego kreowania autowizerunku. Wykorzystano jakościową metodę terenową, mianowicie badanie sondażowe. Zastosowana technika to wywiad pogłębiony, a narzędzia – kwestionariusz wywiadu i typologia autowizerunku wywiadu. Badanie pokazuje, że większość z badanych klasyfikuje się po środku skali. Najważniejszą kwestią, którą wykazało badanie, jest fakt, iż u zdecydowanej większości badanych po czasie (który jest już zależny od indywidualnych predyspozycji jednostki) następuje wybór tej dobrej, bądź złej strony, czyli rozpoczęcia kreacji swojej osoby jako bohatera, zbawiciela, bądź służbisty, antychrysta. Poruszana jest tu kwestia myślenia o swojej pracy (służbie) jako katorżniczej, uwłaczającej i źle ocenianej przez innych, bądź tej potrzebnej, heroicznej, niezbędnej dla dobra całego społeczeństwa.
Zanieczyszczenie powietrza istotnym zagrożeniem dla zdrowia mieszkańców polskich miast
Authors: Kowalska Faustyna
Published: February 2021

Jakość powietrza w Polskich miastach jest w złym stanie. Alarmujący stan środowiska naturalnego jest w dużej mierze efektem zaniechań i błędów popełnionych w przeszłości, nawet tej bardzo odległej. Ostatnie lata pokazują, jak zmienił się klimat i jak negatywnie te zmiany wpływają na zdrowie ludzi. Z powodu smogu w Polsce rokrocznie umiera więcej osób niż w wyniku wypadków na drogach. Artykuł powstał jako próba odpowiedzi na pytania: jak przedstawia się poziom zanieczyszczeń powietrza w polskich miastach oraz jakie działania podejmują władze na poziomie lokalnym i centralnym, aby zmniejszyć przyczyny i skutki tych zanieczyszczeń.
Charakterystyka zagrożeń jako element planu zarządzania kryzysowego gminy Dąbie
Authors: Radzioch Joanna
Published: February 2021

W artykule znajdują się informacje dotyczące planów zarządzania kryzysowego. Są one istotną częścią bezpieczeństwa narodowego. Realizacja zadań gminy przyczynia się do poprawienia bezpieczeństwa. Autorka prezentuje, czym jest charakterystyka zagrożeń w planie zarządzania kryzysowego i odnosi się do doświadczeń gminy Dąbie.
The WD40-Repeat Protein WDR-20 and the Deubiquitinating Enzyme USP-46 Promote Cell Surface Levels of Glutamate Receptors
Authors: Hodul Molly , Rennich Bethany J. , Luth Eric S. , Dahlberg Caroline L. , Juo Peter
Published: February 2021

Reversible modification of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) with ubiquitin regulates receptor levels at synapses and controls synaptic strength. The conserved deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) ubiquitin-specific protease-46 (USP-46) removes ubiquitin from AMPARs and protects them from degradation in bothCaenorhabditis elegansand mammals. Although DUBs are critical for diverse physiological processes, the mechanisms that regulate DUBs, especially in the nervous system, are not well understood. We and others previously showed that the WD40-repeat proteins WDR-48 and WDR-20 bind to and stimulate the catalytic activity of USP-46. Here, we identify an activity-dependent mechanism that regulates WDR-20 expression and show that WDR-20 works together with USP-46 and WDR-48 to promote surface levels of theC. elegansAMPAR GLR-1.usp-46,wdr-48, andwdr-20loss-of-function mutants exhibit reduced levels of GLR-1 at the neuronal surface and corresponding defects in GLR-1-mediated behavior. Increased expression of WDR-20, but not WDR-48, is sufficient to increase GLR-1 surface levels in anusp-46-dependent manner. Loss ofusp-46,wdr-48, andwdr-20function reduces the rate of local GLR-1 insertion in neurites, whereas overexpression ofwdr-20is sufficient to increase the rate of GLR-1 insertion. Genetic manipulations that chronically reduce or increase glutamate signaling result in reciprocal alterations inwdr-20transcription and homeostatic compensatory changes in surface GLR-1 levels that are dependent onwdr-20. This study identifieswdr-20as a novel activity-regulated gene that couples chronic changes in synaptic activity with increased local insertion and surface levels of GLR-1 via the DUB USP-46.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDeubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are critical regulators of synapse development and function; however, the regulatory mechanisms that control their various physiological functions are not well understood. This study identifies a novel role for the DUB ubiquitin-specific protease-46 (USP-46) and its associated regulatory protein WD40-repeat protein-20 (WDR-20) in regulating local insertion of glutamate receptors into the neuronal cell surface. This work also identifies WDR-20 as an activity-regulated gene that couples chronic changes in synaptic activity with homeostatic compensatory increases in surface levels of GLR-1 via USP-46. Given that 35% of USP family DUBs associate with WDR proteins, understanding the mechanisms by which WDR proteins regulate USP-46 could have implications for a large number of DUBs in other cell types.
Nežindančių motinų pieno maistinių medžiagų koncentracijos pokyčiai po gimdymo ir veiksniai bei procedūros, turintys įtakos jo sudėčiai
Authors:   , Paulavičienė Ieva Jūra
Published: February 2021

Changes in human milk macronutrient content of non-breastfeeding mothers after delivery and factors or procedures affecting its composition
The phase formation processes into a short-circuited galvanic couple iron (St3)-carbon (coke) system in water medium
Authors:   FRANTSEVICH INSTITUTE FOR PROBLEMS OF MATERIAL SCIENCE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF UKRAINE, Lavrynenko Olena ,   INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF UKRAINE
Published: February 2021

The monograph presents the results of an experimental study of the galvanic coagulation phase formation process in the system of short-circuited galvanic contacts iron - carbon (coke) that was carried out on the current model of industrial galvanocoagulator, water permeability and model solutions of inorganic salts hydroxide structures in situ. The influence of the galvanocoagulation parameters on the phase composition and mass of the formed precipitate, the value of the hydrogen index and the chemical composition of the dispersion medium are established. The conditions of the galvanic contact system transition to the steady state are discovered and the influence of the operating time of the iron component on the chemical and phase composition of the formed pulp is determined. Physicochemical and colloid-chemical mechanisms of phase formation in the system of short-circuited galvanic pair steel-3 - coke are revealed. The separation possibility of dispersed products of galvanic coagulation process by adaptation of traditional methods of natural raw materials separation is shown. Examples of electrolysis, galvanocoagulation and cementation in technological schemes of liquid waste disposal of galvanic productions are given it the monograph.
Virological Characteristics of Hospitalized Children With SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Pinninti Swetha G. , Pati Sunil , Poole Claudette , Latting Misty , Seleme Maria C. , Yarbrough April , Arora Nitin , Britt William J. , Boppana Suresh
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

In children with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, virological characteristics and correlation with disease severity have not been extensively studied. The primary objective in this study is to determine the correlation between SARS-CoV-2 viral load (VL) in infected children with age, disease severity, and underlying comorbidities.

METHODS:

Children <21 years, screened for SARS-CoV-2 at the time of hospitalization, who tested positive by polymerase chain reaction were included in this study. VL at different sites was determined and compared between groups.

RESULTS:

Of the 102 children included in this study, 44% of the cohort had asymptomatic infection, and children with >1 comorbidity were the most at risk for severe disease. VL in children with symptomatic infection was significantly higher than in children with asymptomatic infection (3.0 × 105 vs 7.2 × 103 copies per mL; P = .001). VL in the respiratory tract was significantly higher in children <1 year, compared with older children (3.3 × 107 vs 1.3 × 104 copies per mL respectively; P < .0001), despite most infants presenting with milder illness. Besides the respiratory tract, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was also detectable in samples from the gastrointestinal tract (saliva and rectum) and blood. In 13 children for whom data on duration of polymerase chain reaction positivity was available, 12 of 13 tested positive 2 weeks after initial diagnosis, and 6 of 13 continued to test positive 4 weeks after initial diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONS:

In hospitalized children with SARS-CoV-2, those with >1 comorbid condition experienced severe disease. SARS-CoV-2 VL in the respiratory tract is significantly higher in children with symptomatic disease and children <1 year of age.
“El seductivo recato de la Virgen cristiana”. Representaciones de género y apropiaciones de María de Jorge Isaacs, 1867-1950
Authors: Correa -Serna Nancy-Yohana
Published: February 2021

El artículo aborda las representaciones de género en la novela María de Jorge Isaacs, y en las diversas apropiaciones que se hicieron de la obra para el teatro, la radio y el cine desde finales del siglo XIX y durante toda la primera mitad del siglo XX. Tanto la novela, como los registros existentes de su transposición para otros medios son considerados como productos intelectuales, los cuales fueron producidos en contextos particulares y puestos en circulación en diferentes medios, con las variaciones correspondientes para responder a los públicos a quienes estaban dirigidas. En el periodo estudiado, María fue leyenda dramática (1892), zarzuela (1903), película (1922) obra de teatro (1932, 1935 y 1940), poema romántico para la radio (1940) y radionovela (1950). El interés por la novela se evidencia en los diferentes formatos para los cuales fue apropiada, lo que implica preguntarnos sobre lo siguiente: ¿por qué María gozó de tanta aceptación en Colombia en la primera mitad del siglo XX?, ¿qué tanto contribuyó en perpetuar las representaciones de género predominantes en el país durante dicha época?, ¿cuáles estereotipos femeninos y masculinos privilegió? Para tal efecto se analizaron la leyenda dramática, algunos vestigios de la zarzuela y del largometraje, los diecisiete episodios transmitidos por la radio, y aunque no se contó con las obras de teatro y el poema romántico, otras fuentes nos permitieron observar el impacto que causó su transposición y algunas discusiones gestadas a partir de las mismas.
Modernización técnica y trabajadores aéreos. El caso de la aviación comercial en Argentina en la década de 1960
Authors: Piglia Melina
Published: February 2021

Centrándose en pilotos y tripulantes de cabina, este artículo procura dar cuenta de las transformaciones en sus prácticas, afectos y experiencias a partir de la renovación de las flotas de la aviación comercial argentina en los años de 1960. La investigación se basa en entrevistas a trabajadores aéreos, documentos de las compañías aéreas y archivos de prensa. La modernización de las flotas obligó a las tripulaciones a pasar por entrenamientos y habilitaciones. Este cambio implicó un alivio de algunos esfuerzos físicos y proveyó un entorno de trabajo más confortable, pero a la vez incrementó su intensidad. Para los pilotos más jóvenes y para los jóvenes tripulantes, esto significó una ampliación del espacio de autonomía personal; para los pilotos más antiguos, aunque supuso mejoras objetivas, dicha transición se experimentó como una contracción del lugar que habían ocupado en las configuraciones sociales y afectivas habilitadas por los aviones más pequeños.