bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: INTRAMOLECULAR PHOTOREDOX REACTIONS IN IRON(III) CYTOCHROME C AND ITS AZIDE DERIVATIVE
Authors: BARTOCCI C. , MALDOTTI A. , CARASSITI V. , TRAVERSO O. , FERRI A.
Published: May 2016

Die Bestrahlung entlüfteter Lösungen von Cytochrom c aus Pferdeberzen in Wasser bewirkt die Reduktion von Fe(III) zu Fe(II).
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLITOL REACTIONS, XI. CONVERSION OF SISOMINE TO FORTIMICINS
Authors: PAULSEN H. , SCHMIDT‐LEWERKUEHNE H. +
Published: May 2016

Ausgehend von Sisamin (Ia) sind die Derivate (Ib)‐(Id) zugänglich; durch Alkali‐Einwirkung auf (Ic) entsteht das reaktionsfreudige Epimin (II), das mit Na‐acetat das trans‐diaxiale Öffnungsprodukt (IIIa) liefert [besser wird dieses in direkter Reaktion aus (Ic) gewonnen].
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSELECTIVE NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION OF 6‐METHOXY‐1‐METHOXYCARBONYLPIPECOLATE: ENANTIOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF (+)‐SEDAMINE FROM L‐LYSINE
Authors: IRIE K. , AOE K. , TANAKA T. , SAITO S.
Published: May 2016

Das aus dem L‐Lysinester (XII) zugängliche Methoxypiperidin (I) liefert die 2,6‐cis‐substituierten Verbindungen (III), (V) und (VII), von denen (VII) in (+)‐Sedamin (XIa) und (+)‐Al1bsedamin (XIb) umgewandelt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SEQUENCE AND CONFORMATION OF SUZUKACILLIN A
Authors: KATZ E. , AYDIN M. , LUCHT N. , KOENIG W. A. + , OOKA T. , JUNG G.
Published: May 2016

Die Sequenz des Spannungsabhängige Membranporen bildenden Polypeptidantibioticums Suzukacillin A (I) wird durch eine Kombination von trifluoracetolytischer Spaltung, präparativer Isolierung von Fragmenten und Analyse durch GC‐MS sowie Felddesorptionsund Fast‐Bombard ment‐MS bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSELECTIVE TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF THE COMPLEMENT INHIBITOR K‐76
Authors: MCMURRY J. E. , ERION M. D.
Published: May 2016

Beim ersten Versuch der Synthese der Titelverbindung (XVb) gelingt zwar die Darstellung des Synthons (IV) [aus den Vorstufen (II) ‐ aus dem Enon (I) zugänglich ‐ und (III)], nicht jedoch dessen notwendige Hydroxylierung.
ChemInform Abstract: EPR SPECTROSCOPIC DETECTION OF SPRUCE NEEDLE DAMAGES
Authors: STEGMANN H. B. , RUFF H. J. , SCHEFFLER K.
Published: May 2016

Photosignal ll als Indikator für Waldschäden ‐ EPR‐spektroskopische Untersuchung von Fichtennadeln.
ChemInform Abstract: COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SENSITIZATION OF THE LUMINESCENCE OF TRIVALENT RARE EARTH IONS BY CERIUM(3+) IN LANTHANUM OXYBROMIDE (LAOBR)
Authors: MO L. Y. , GUILLEN F. , FOUASSIER C. , HAGENMULLER P.
Published: May 2016

In mit Ce3+ dotiertem LaOBr wird ein Energietransfer vom Cer zu Pr3+, Nd3+, Tb3+, Dy3+, Ho3+ und Er3+ beobachtet.
ChemInform Abstract: Luminescence Properties of Europium(3 +)‐Doped Rare‐Earth Oxyhydroxides.
Authors: HOELSAE J. + , LESKELAE T. + , LESKELAE M. +
Published: May 2016

Eu3+‐dotierte Oxidhydroxide LnOOH (Ln: La, Gd, Lu, Y) zeigen bei 300 und 77 K sowohl bei UV‐ als auch bei Farbstoff‐Laser‐Anregung Lumineszenz im Sichtbaren.
ChemInform Abstract: THE PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR OF COPPER INDIUM SULFIDE (CUIN5S8)
Authors: SCROSATI B. , FORNARINI L. , RAZZINI G. , PERALDO BICELLI L.
Published: May 2016

Durch Messung der spektralen Emp‐ ?ndlichkeit, der Strom‐Spannungs‐Charakteristiken und Differentialkapazität wird das photoelektrochemische Verhalten von n‐CulnsSg, einem Chalkogenid mit Spinell‐Struktur, in unterschiedlichen Elektrolyten untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTRODE MATERIALS FOR HYDROBROMIC ACID ELECTROLYSIS IN TEXAS INSTRUMENTS′ SOLAR CHEMICAL CONVERTER
Authors: LUTTMER J. D. , KONRAD D. , TRACHTENBERG I.
Published: May 2016

Für den von Texas lnstruments entwickelten SCC (solar chemical converter), der Sonnenenergie über die HBr‐Elektrolyse in chemische Energie umwandelt, ergaben sich als bestes Kathodenmaterial zerstäubte dünne Pt/Ir‐Filme und zerstäubte Ir/Iridiumoxid‐Filme als Anodenmaterial.
ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURAL (EXAFS) AND SOLUTION EQUILIBRIUM STUDIES ON THE OXOTECHNETIUM(V) COMPLEXES TCOX4‐ AND TCOX52‐ (X = CL, BR)
Authors: THOMAS R. W. , HEEG M. J. , ELDER R. C. , DEUTSCH E.
Published: May 2016

Das Gleichgewicht zwischen den Titelkomplexen wird in 12 M HCl‐ sowie in CHzClg‐Lösungen Raman‐spektroskopisch untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: AN AMBIENT TEMPERATURE SECONDARY ALUMINUM ELECTRODE: ITS CYCLING RATES AND ITS CYCLING EFFICIENCIES
Authors: AUBORN J. J. , BARBERIO Y. L.
Published: May 2016

Aus sauren Mischungen von 1‐Methyl‐3‐ethylimidazoliumchlorid und AlCl3 können bei Raumtemp. große Mengen Al kathodisch abgeschieden werden.
ChemInform Abstract: GRAPHITE ALUMINUM‐ AND SILICON CARBIDE‐COATED CURRENT COLLECTORS FOR SODIUM‐SULFUR CELLS
Authors: MIKKOR M.
Published: May 2016

Es werden die elektrischen Eigenschaften und das Korrosionsverhalten von Stromkollektoren, die aus an Al gebundener Graphitfolie und aus mit SiC‐belegtem Edelstahl hergestellt werden, mit den Eigenschaften von durch Cr‐ Beschichtung geschützten Kollektoren verglichen.
ChemInform Abstract: FILM FORMATION AND CURRENT OSCILLATIONS IN THE ELECTRODISSOLUTION OF COPPER IN ACIDIC CHLORIDE MEDIA. I. EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES
Authors: LEE H. P. , NOBE K. , PEARLSTEIN A. J.
Published: May 2016

Es wird das oszillatorische Verhalten der gemäß Formelschema verlaufenden Cu‐Zers.
ChemInform Abstract: CHALCOGENOLATES. 148. REACTION OF FORMAMIDE WITH CARBON DISULFIDE. 2. CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF POTASSIUM N‐FORMYLDITHIOCARBAMATE
Authors: GERNER R. , KIEL G. , GATTOW G.
Published: May 2016

Qie Titelverbindung kristallisiert in der Raumgruppe Cc mit Z=16.
ChemInform Abstract: CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURES AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF BROMO(3‐DIMETHYLAMINOPROPANOL‐1‐ATO)COPPER(II), CHLORO(3‐DIMETHYLAMINOPROPAN‐1‐OLATO)COPPER(II), AND (3‐DIETHYLAMINOPROPAN‐1‐OLATO)ISOCYANATOCOPPER(II)
Authors: WALZ L. , PAULUS H. , HAASE W.
Published: May 2016

Die Titelkomplexe (I) und (II) kristallisieren alle mit Z=4 in der RG P21/c, bei (I) bilden dimere Einheiten unendliche Ketten.
ChemInform Abstract: DIASTEREOSELECTIVE ADDITION TO AN α‐ALKOXY ALDEHYDE UNDER DIPOLAR (CRAM‐FELKIN) AND CHELATION (CRAM‐CYCLIC) CONTROLLED CONDITIONS. A STEREOCONTROLLED SYNTHESIS OF (+)‐BLASTMYCINONE
Authors: UENISHI J. , TOMOZANE H. , YAMATO M.
Published: May 2016

Die Dithioacetale (II) und der Thioenolether (VII) reagieren mit (I) bevorzugt zu den anti‐Verbindungen (III) bzw. zur syn‐Verbindung (IVa).
ChemInform Abstract: IRON(III) CHLORIDE‐CATALYZED ABNORMAL OPENING OF THE THIOPHENE RING IN THE REDUCTION OF THIOPHENE‐2‐CARBOXYLIC ACID WITH SODIUM IN LIQUID AMMONIA
Authors: ZAKHAROV E. P. , GOL'DFARB YA. L. , STOYANOVICH F. M.
Published: May 2016

Die Reduktion von Thiophen‐2‐carbonsäure (I) und Natrium in flüssigem Ammoniak in Gegenwart katalytischer Mengen Eisen(III)‐chlorids erfolgt unter Spaltung der 1,5‐C‐S‐Bindung des Thiophennnges.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF DIENONES. PART 14. THE PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF SOME 9‐DEMETHYLATED IONYL AND IONYLIDENE COMPOUNDS; A SEARCH FOR, AND AN EXAMPLE OF, η‐HYDROGEN ABSTRACTION
Authors: VISSER C. P. , CERFONTAIN H. , GEENEVASEN J. A. J. , JORRITSMA R.
Published: May 2016

Von den Titelverbindungen (I) bzw. (IX) unterliegen (Ia) und (Ib) bei direkter und triplettangeregter Bestrahlung jeweils einer E‐2‐Isomerisierung der 7,8‐Doppelbindung [‐ (II); einzig beobachtete Reaktion; im Falle von (Ia) erfolgt dabei nachfolgend eine langsame thermische Cyclisierung von (IIa) zu (XI)]; (Ic) geht bei Bestrahlung mit Å ‐= 254 nm eine sigmatrope [l,5]‐Wasserstoff‐ Verschiebung unter Bildung des retro‐Isomeren (III) ein, das bei elektronischer Anregung weiter einer γ‐Wasserstoffabstraktion vom Norrish‐II‐Typ unter Bildung des Trions (IV) unterliegt [außerdem Bildung der Produkte (V) und (VI)].
ChemInform Abstract: FREE RADICAL ONE‐ELECTRON VERSUS HYDROXYL RADICAL‐INDUCED OXIDATION. REACTION OF TRICHLOROMETHYLPEROXYL RADICALS WITH SIMPLE AND SUBSTITUTED ALIPHATIC SULFIDES IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION
Authors: MOENIG J. + , GOEBL M. + , ASMUS K.‐D.
Published: May 2016

(MÖNIG, 1.; GÖBL, M.; ASMUS , 19‐9.; J. Chem.
ChemInform Abstract: OZONATION OF PHENYL‐SUBSTITUTED THIOPHENES
Authors: BAILEY P. S. , HWANG H. H.
Published: May 2016

Tetraphenylthiophen (I) liefertbei der Ozonolyse im wesentlichen das Monothiodiketon (II) neben dem Thioloester (III).
ChemInform Abstract: ADDITIONS TO ALKENES VIA METAL ION‐PROMOTED OXIDATION OF 2,2′‐DIPYRIDYL DISULFIDE AND BIS‐(2‐AMINOPHENYL) DISULFIDE
Authors: BEWICK A. , MELLOR J. M. , MILANO D. , OWTON W. M.
Published: May 2016

Die Reaktion der Alkene (II) bzw. (V) mit den Disulfiden (I) in Gegenwart von TFA und Cu(0Ac)2 ergibt prim. Trifluoroacetate, die z.T. schon während der Aufarbeitung (Na2CO3/H2O) zu den Produkten (III), (IV) bzw. (VI) hydrolysiert werden (die Ausb‐Angaben beziehen sich auf die Disulfide).
ChemInform Abstract: Eliminative Deoxygenation: A Facile Synthesis of α‐Cyano and α‐Carboalkoxy Substituted Vinyl Sulfides.
Authors: MILLER R. D. , HAESSIG R. +
Published: May 2016

Die α‐Cyan‐ bzw. α‐Carbalkoxy‐sulfoxide (II) liefern mit Trimethylsilyltriflat in Gegenwart von Hexamethyldisilazan (IV) die substituierten Vinylsulfide (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthese von Derivaten des 2‐Carboxymethyl‐4‐hydroxy‐2‐cyclopenten‐1‐ons.
Authors: LOLYA D. O. , FREIMANIS YA. F. , BOKALDERE R. P. , LOZHA E. V. , LIEPINYA A. YA. , TUROVSKII I. V. , LIEPIN'SH E. E. , GAVARS M. P.
Published: May 2016

Die Darstellung der Titelverbindungen (III), (IV) und (VI) wird beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: DIRECT ENTRY TO THE ALL‐CIS TRICYCLO(5.2.1.04,10)DECANE (PERHYDROTRIQUINACENE) SKELETON BY A COBALT MEDIATED INTRAMOLECULAR CYCLIZATION
Authors: CARCELLER E. , CENTELLAS V. , MOYANO A. , PERICAS M. A. , SERRATOSA F.
Published: May 2016

Aus dem Lactol (I) erhält man durch Grignard‐Reaktion und Silylierung die Derivate (IIa) und (IIb), die zu den Folgeprodukten (III) und (IV) führen.
ChemInform Abstract: REGIOSELECTIVITY OF ENAMINE REACTIONS. PREFERENTIAL 2,2‐DISUBSTITUTION OF 2‐METHYLCYCLOHEXANONE IMINES
Authors: HICKMOTT P. W. , RAE B.
Published: May 2016

Die Azomethine (I) reagieren mit Acrylsäuremethylester (II) zu den 2,2‐disubstituierten Derivaten (III) neben geringen Anteilen der 2,6‐Disubstitutionsprodukte (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: OCTAFLUOROTOLUENE AS A REAGENT FOR THE SELECTIVE PROTECTION OF ALCOHOLIC AND PHENOLIC FUNCTIONS. SYNTHESIS AND CLEAVAGE OF PERFLUOROTOLYL AND OTHER PERFLUOROARYL ETHERS OF STEROIDS AND OTHER MODEL COMPOUNDS
Authors: JARMAN M. , MCCAGUE R.
Published: May 2016

Der Einsatz perfluorierter Aromaten als Schutzgruppen für Alkohole und insbesondere für Phenole wird beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 2‐ARYLALKANOIC ACIDS: ZINC BROMIDE ASSISTED METHANOLYSIS OF α‐BROMOALKYL ARYL KETONES
Authors: GIORDANO C. , CASTALDI G. , UGGERI F. , GURZONI F.
Published: May 2016

sek.‐ und tert.‐α‐Bromalkyl‐arylketone (I) liefern bei der Methanolyse unter Zinkbromid‐Katalyse unter Umlagerung Methylester (II), die alkalisch zu Carbonsäuren (III) verseift werden.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDY OF TRANSFER OF ELECTRONIC EFFECTS IN CONJUGATED PERFLUOROPOLYENE SYSTEMS. III. 1‐ARYL‐4‐CHLORO‐1,2,3,4‐TETRAFLUORO‐1,3‐BUTADIENES AN TRANS,TRANS‐5‐ARYL‐2,3,4,5‐TETRAFLUORO‐2,4‐PENTADIENOIC ACIDS
Authors: KREMLEV M. M. , MOKLYACHUK L. I. , FIALKOV YU. A. , IGNAT'EV N. V. , YAGUPOL'SKII L. M.
Published: May 2016

Nach Literaturverfahren werden die mit Elektronendonatoren bzw. ‐akzeptoren substituierten Arylmagnesiumbromide (I) mit dem Dien (II) zu den Aryl‐chlorbutadienen (III) umgesetzt, die, mit Ausnahme der Dimethylaminoverbindung, als l zl :l‐Gemische aus trans,trans‐, trans, cisund cis,trans‐Form vorliegen.
ChemInform Abstract: THE 1,2‐ADDITION OF ETHYL 2‐PHENYL‐2‐(TRIMETHYLSTANNYL)ACETATE TO α,β‐UNSATURATED ALDEHYDES
Authors: KASHIN A. N. , TUL'CHINSKII M. L. , BELETSKAYA I. P. , REUTOV O. A.
Published: May 2016

Ethyl‐(Z‐phenyl‐2‐trimethylstannyl‐)‐acetat (II) lagert sich an α,β‐ungesättigte Aldehyde (I) unter Bildung der ′NS‐ungesättigten 3‐Hydroxy‐carbonsäureester (III) an.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF 6‐AMINOHEXANOIC ACID WITH UREAS
Authors: KORNILINA A. N. , ZIL'BERMAN E. N. , SPASSKAYA R. I. , MATVEEVA G. N.
Published: May 2016

Die Reaktion der Titelverbindung, die als Natriumsalz (I) eingesetzt wird, mit unterschiedlich substituierten Harnstoffen wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: CHIRAL BICYCLES FROM RIBONOLACTONE
Authors: MANN J. , THOMAS A.
Published: May 2016

Das aus D(+)‐Ribonolacton erhaltene Si‐Den′‐ vat (I) liefert über (II) ein chirales Butenolid (III), das über (V) in das Prostacyclin‐ Analogon (XIV) bzw. über (VII)‐(IX) in Chrysanthemumsäure der allgemeinen Struktur (XV) umgewandelt werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: HYDROXYL‐DIRECTED IODOETHERIFICATIONS OF ALLYLIC ALCOHOLS. SYNTHESIS OF (+)‐CITREOVIRAL
Authors: WILLIAMS D. R. , WHITE F. H.
Published: May 2016

Aus dem Keton (I) erhält man durch Umsetzung mit Vinylmagnesiumbromid (II) und anschließende Veretherung den Allylether (IV), aus dem durch Ozonolyse der Aldehyd (V) entsteht.
ChemInform Abstract: A STEREOSELECTIVE TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF (.+‐.)‐DIHYDROSECOLOGANIN AGLUCONE
Authors: BROWN R. T. , JONES M. F.
Published: May 2016

Gemäß Formelschema kann die im Titel genannte Verbindung (VII), deren Dehydro‐glucosid einen wichtigen Biogenese‐Vorläufer bei der Bildung von Monoterpenoid‐Indolalkaloiden darstellt, über das Schlüsseldiol (IV) auf zwei Wegen zugänglich gemacht werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF NEW HETEROCYCLIC PHENOLS: 8‐HYDROXYIMIDAZO(1,2‐A)PYRIDINE
Authors: RYDZKOWSKI R. , BLONDEAU D. , SLIWA H.
Published: May 2016

2‐Amino‐3‐hydroxy‐pyridin (III) reagiert mit Chloracetaldehyd (II) zur Hydroxyverbindung (I), aus den Ethem (IV) entstehen mit (II) bzw. Phenacylbromid (V) die entsprechenden Cyclisierungsprodukte (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: NITROGEN BRIDGEHEAD COMPOUNDS. PART 49. SYNTHESIS AND STEREOCHEMISTRY OF 9‐AMINOTETRAHYDRO‐4H‐PYRIDO(1,2‐A)PYRIMIDIN‐4‐ONES
Authors: BREINING T. , HERMECZ I. , PODANYI B. , MESZAROS Z. , TOTH G.
Published: May 2016

Die Titelverbindungen (III) bzw. (IV) werden durch Umsetzung der Bromide (I) mit den Aminen (II) bzw. durch nachfolgende Decarboxylierung erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES OF 3‐SUBSTITUTED 1H‐1,2,4‐TRIAZOLO(4,3‐A)PERIMIDINES
Authors: LIU K.‐C. , CHEN H.‐H.
Published: May 2016

Aus der Hydrazinoverbindung (I) werden die Triazoloperimidine (II) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF DIETHYL ACETYL DITHIOPHOSPHITE WITH PROTON‐DONATING NUCLEOPHILIC REAGENTS AND CHLORAL
Authors: KOSTIN V. P. , SINYASHIN O. G. , BATYEVA E. S. , PUDOVIK A. N.
Published: May 2016

Die Kronenether‐katalysierte Umsetzung des Dithiophosphorigsäure‐chlor‐diesters (I) mit Natriumacetat führt zu der im Titel genannten Verbindung (II), aus der mit Nucleophilen (III) die Phosphite (IV) entstehen.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,5‐AZAPHOSPHABICYCLO(3.2.1)OCTANE. SYNTHESIS AND REACTIVITY
Authors: ISSLEIB K. , KUEHNE U. + , KRECH F.
Published: May 2016

Bildung und Reaktionsverhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: N,N′‐DISUBSTITUTED DITHIOMALONAMIDE COMPLEXES OF ANTIMONY(III). CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF TRICHLORO(N,N′‐DIETHYLDITHIOMALONDIAMIDE‐S,S′)ANTIMONY(III) WITH LONE‐PAIR OCCUPATION OF AN ANTIMONY COORDINATION SITE
Authors: KISENYI J. M. , WILLEY G. R. , DREW M. G. B.
Published: May 2016

Die direkte Addition von SbCl3 j an die Dithiomalonamide (I) liefert die l zl‐Komplexe (II); deren nach spektrosko pischen Untersuchungen äquivalente Strukturen wurden durch Kristallstrukturanalyse eines Vertreters, (IIa) (RG P2" Z=2), bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: HALO(PHENYL)(ORGANYLTHIO)GALLANES ‐ SYNTHESIS, REACTIVITY, AND PROPERTIES
Authors: HOFFMANN G. G. , MEIXNER H.
Published: May 2016

Darstellung, Reaktivität und Eigenschaften.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMISTRY OF THE TIN‐CARBON BOND. I. SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION BY CARBON‐13 AND TIN‐119 NMR OF A SERIES OF EXO‐ AND ENDO‐2‐TRIORGANOSTANNYLNORBORNANES
Authors: RAHM A. , GRIMEAU J. , PETRAUD M. , BARBE B.
Published: May 2016

Die Norbomylstannane (III) bzw. (VI) werden entweder durch direkte Hydrostannierung aus Norbornen (I) und den Zinnhydriden (II) oder über die Bromide (IV) durch nucleophile Substitution hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION OF SUBSTITUTED CYCLOPENTADIENYL LIGANDS ON TUNGSTEN VIA REACTIONS BETWEEN THE ALKYNE COMPLEXES (W(CO)(R1C2R2)3) (R1 = R2 = PH OR ET; R1 = ME, R2 = PH) AND THE ALKYLIDYNE COMPOUNDS (W(CR)(CO)2(η‐C5H5)) (R = C6H4ME‐4 OR ME): X‐RAY CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF (W2(μ‐CO)2(CO)(η‐PHC2PH)(η‐C5PH4R)(η‐C5H5)) AND (W2(μ‐ETC2ET)(CO)4(η‐C5ET4R)(η‐C5H5)) (R = C6H4ME‐4)
Authors: CARRIEDO G. A. , HOWARD J. A. K. , LEWIS D. B. , LEWIS G. E. , STONE F. G. A.
Published: May 2016

Die neuen Komplexe werden wie im Schema aufgezeigt dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIVITY OF THE (FE2(μ2‐O)(μ‐ACETATO)2) STRUCTURAL ELEMENT IN METHEMERYTHRIN MODEL COMPOUNDS WITH AZIDE AND ISOTHIOCYANATE (NCS‐)
Authors: WIEGHARDT K. , POHL K. , VENTUR D.
Published: May 2016

Die Methämerythrin‐Modellverbindungen (Ia) und (Ib) reagieren in wäßriger Lösung mit Na‐azid oder Na‐isothiocyanid NaZ unter Spaltung der u‐Acetato‐ und der u‐Oxo‐Brücken.
ChemInform Abstract: MONOETHYLENEDIAMINECOBALT(III) COMPLEXES
Authors: SIEBERT H. , MACHT R.
Published: May 2016

Der u‐Azido‐Komplex (II) und der durch Brückenspaltung bei hoher H ‐Konzentration erhaltene Komplex (I) eignen sich als Ausgangsverbindungen für verschiedene neue und bereits bekannte Typen der Titelkomplexe, wie im Schema aufgezeigt.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF TRITHIAZYL TRICHLORIDE, (NSCL)3, WITH TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE OR TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE METAL COMPLEXES. X‐RAY CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF AMINOTRIPHENYLPHOSPHONIUM CHLORIDE‐DICHLOROMETHANE (1/1), (PH3PNH2)CL.CH2CL2
Authors: HURSTHOUSE M. B. , WALKER N. P. C. , WARRENS C. P. , WOOLLINS J. D.
Published: May 2016

Dichloromethane (1/I), lPh3PNH,ICl ‐ C?zClg.
ChemInform Abstract: PYRAZOLATE A‐FRAME RHODIUM COMPLEXES. CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF BIS‐μ‐(BIS(DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)METHANE)‐μ‐(3,5‐DIMETHYLPYRAZOLATO‐N,N′)BIS(# CARBONYLRHODIUM(I)) PERCHLORATE AND BIS‐μ‐(BIS(DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)METHANE)‐μ‐(3,5‐DIMETHYLPYRAZOLATO‐N,N′)BIS(# CARBONYLIODORHODIUM(II))(RH‐RH) PERCHLORATE
Authors: ORO L. A. , CARMONA D. , PEREZ P. L. , ESTEBAN M. , TIRIPICCHIO A. , TIRIPICCHIO‐CAMELLINI M.
Published: May 2016

Die A‐Gerüst‐Komplexe (II) werden ausgehend vom zweikernigen trans‐Komplex (I) durch direkte Umsetzung mit entsprechenden Pyrazolen oder Indazol in Gegenwart von KOH als Chloride oder durch analoge Umsetzung nach erfolgter Eliminierung der Chlorid‐Liganden aus (I) als Perchlorate sowie durch Metathese mit NaBPh4 als Tetraphenylborate dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND HYDROGENOLYSIS OF THE METHYLENE, ETHYLIDENE, ISOPROPYLIDENE, AND DIASTEREOISOMERIC 1‐PHENYLETHYLIDENE ACETALS OF β‐L‐ARABINO‐ AND α‐L‐RHAMNOPYRANOSIDE DERIVATIVES
Authors: LIPTAK A. , SZURMAI Z. , OLAH V. A. , HARANGI J. , SZABO L. , NANASI P.
Published: May 2016

Die Reduktion der Isopropylidenacetale (I) und (IV) liefert als Hauptprodukte die 4‐Isopropylether (II) bzw. die entsprechenden 2‐substituierten Verbindungen (V).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHONS OF OLIGOSACCHARIDES. LXI. SYNTHESIS OF UNSYMMETRICAL PENTASACCHARIDE E SEQUENCES OF N‐GLYCOPROTEINS
Authors: PAULSEN H. , RAUWALD W. , LEBUHN R.
Published: May 2016

Das durch partielle Hydrolyse des literaturbekannten Tetrasaccharids (Ia) entstehende Derivat (Ib) wird mit dem Glykosyl‐ Donor (II) zum Pentasaccharid (IIIa) kondensiert.
ChemInform Abstract: INTERMEDIATES FOR THE STEPWISE SYNTHESIS OF (1 → 3)‐β‐D‐GALACTO‐OLIGOSACCHARIDES OR THEIR METHYL β‐GLYCOSIDES
Authors: KOVAC P. , GLAUDEMANS C. P. J.
Published: May 2016

Das Galactopyranosid (Ia) wird nach bekannten Verfahren in das geschützte Derivat (Ic) übergeführt, aus dem anschließend die Verbindungen (Id) und (II) erhalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: HETEROYOHIMBINE ALKALOIDS. STEREOSPECIFIC CONVERSION OF AJMALICINE INTO 19‐EPIAJMALICINE
Authors: PALMISANO G. , DANIELI B. , LESMA G. , RIVA R.
Published: May 2016

Das Indolalkaloid (I) wird in vier Schritten in sein Epimeres (VIII) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: PREFERENTIAL ETCHING OF INDIUM PHOSPHIDE FOR SUBMICRON FABRICATION WITH HYDROCHLORIC ACID/PHOSPHORIC ACID SOLUTION
Authors: UEKUSA S. , OIGAWA K. , TACANO M.
Published: May 2016

Es werden die Ätzraten an InP‐Substraten mit HCl ‐ H3PO4‐Lösungen, speziell mit geringen HCl‐Konzentrationen, experimentell bestimmt und die Facettierung der (l0O)‐Oberfläche des Substrats mit dem SEM beobachtet.
ChemInform Abstract: POTASSIUM OXOARGENTATE K4(AG4O4) RELATION
Authors: LOSERT W. , HOPPE R.
Published: May 2016

Die Darstellung von Einkristallen der Oxide (I) gelingt (meistens zum ersten Mal) durch Umsetzung der Alkalimetalloxide A0, mit der Gefäßwand von Ag‐ bzw. Cu‐Bömbchen bei Temp. zwischen 560 und 680°C (z 20 d).
ChemInform Abstract: REVERSIBLE ELECTRODE PROCESSES INVOLVING MULTISTEP MECHANISMS FOR CADMIUM DITHIOCARBAMATES AND DISELENOCARBAMATES AT MERCURY ELECTRODES
Authors: BOND A. M. , COLTON R. , DILLON M. L. , HOLLENKAMP A. F. , MOIR J. E.
Published: May 2016

Die Elektrochemie der Komplexe (I) an Hg‐Elektroden in CH2Cl2‐Lösung ist durch eine Reihe von chemischen und elektrochemischen Prozessen charakterisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMICAL CONTROL BY CARBOXYLATE GROUPS IN HOMOGENEOUS HYDROGENATION
Authors: BROWN J. M. , HALL S. A.
Published: May 2016

Die Hydrierungder ungesättigten Cyclohexancarbonsäureester (III) und (V) in Gegenwart der Katalysatoren (I) und (II) in homogener Lösung erfolgt weitgehend stereoselektiv zum trans‐Produkt (IV), wobei im letzteren Falle jedoch auch mehr cis‐Verbindung (VI) entsteht.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTONITROSATION PROMOTED BY ENHANCED ACIDITY OF SINGLET‐STATE PHENOLS
Authors: CHOW Y. L. , WU Z.‐Z.
Published: May 2016

Photoreaktion der Phenole (II) in Gegenwart des Nitrosamins (I) führt zur Bildung der Monoxime (IV) und des Amins (III); analog werden aus (V) bzw. (VII) die Produkte (VI) bzw. (VIII) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: REDUCTIVE CLEAVAGE OF N‐NITROSOOXAZOLIDINES TO AMINES WITH ALUMINUM‐NICKEL ALLOY. REDUCTION TO SECONDARY N‐ALKYLALKANOLAMINES
Authors: SAAVEDRA J. E.
Published: May 2016

Die aus Aminoalkoholen (I) und Alde‐ hyden (II) leicht zugänglichen Oxazolidine (III) werden mit HNO, zu N‐Nitrosooxazolidinen (‐IV) nitrosiert, die sich mit Ni/AI‐Legierung zu den β‐Hydroxydialkylaminen (V) spalten lassen.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐OXOALKANE NITRILE (2‐CYANOALKYL KETONE) BY ADDITION OF A LITHIATED NITRILE TO 2‐(N‐METHYLANILINO)ACRYLONITRILE
Authors: AHLBRECHT H. , IBE M.
Published: May 2016

Die lithiierten Nitrile (II) addieren sich an 2‐(N‐Me‐ IhyIanilinOI‐acrylnitril (I) zu Addukten (III), die nach Alkylierung und Hydrolyse 4‐Oxoalkannitrile (VI) ergeben.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND ABSOLUTE STEREOCHEMISTRY OF OPTICALLY ACTIVE WIELAND‐MIESCHER KETONE ANALOGS BEARING AN ANGULAR PROTECTED HYDROXYMETHYL GROUP
Authors: TAMAI Y. , MIZUTANI Y. , HAGIWARA H. , UDA H. , HARADA N.
Published: May 2016

Die Titelverbindungen (Xl)/(XII) werden aus den Trilcetonen (X) [Darstellung entsprechend dem Formelschema aus (1)1 durch Aminosäuren‐ (Pro, Phe, Try) und z.T. säurekatalysierte asymm. Aldol‐Cyclisierung gewonnen.
ChemInform Abstract: PALLADIUM‐CATALYZED SYNTHESIS OF 1,2,3,4,4A,12B‐HEXAHYDRO‐1,4‐METHANOTRIPHENYLENES
Authors: CATELLANI M. , CHIUSOLI G. P.
Published: May 2016

Die Reaktion des Bicycloheptens (I) mit den Brombenzolen (II) liefert unter Palladium‐Katalyse die Biphenyle (III).
ChemInform Abstract: AN IMPROVED SYNTHESIS OF METHYL (5‐BENZOYL‐ AND 5‐P‐FLUOROBENZOYLBENZIMIDAZOL‐2‐YL)CARBAMATES
Authors: RAM S. , WISE D. S. , TOWNSEND L. B.
Published: May 2016

Die Dinitrobenzoesäure (I) liefert nach Umsetzung mit SOCI, mit Benzolen (H) und AICI, die Dinitrobenzophenone ( III), deren katalytische Reduktion zu den Diaminen (IV) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: PRODUCTS PREPARED FROM SULFONAMIDES. VI. SYNTHESIS AND CYCLIZATION OF N‐ALLYL‐N′‐(ARYLSULFONYL)THIOUREAS
Authors: HANS M. , DEHNE H.
Published: May 2016

Durch Addition von Allylisothiocyanat (I) an die Arylsulfonamide in Form ihrer Natriumderivate (II) werden die Thioharnstoffe (III) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLOADDITION OF DIPHENYLNITRILIMINE TO COUMARINS. THE SYNTHESIS OF 3A,9B‐DIHYDRO‐4‐OXO‐1H‐BENZOPYRANO(4,3‐C)PYRAZOLE DERIVATIVES
Authors: SHAWALI A. S. , ELANADOULI B. E. , ALBAR H. A.
Published: May 2016

Diphenylnitrilimin, erhalten in situ durch HCl‐Abspaltung aus N‐Phenylbenzohydrazidoylchlorid (I), reagiert mit den Cumarinen (II) unter [3 + 2]‐Cycloaddition zu den Titelverbindungen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: AR(ALK)YLSULFONYL ETHYL GROUPS AS PHOSPHORUS‐PROTECTING FUNCTIONS
Authors: CLAESEN C. A. A. , SEGERS R. P. A. M. , TESSER G. I.
Published: May 2016

Durch Umsetzung verschiedener Sulfonylethanole (Ia)‐(lc) sowie Alkohole (ld)‐(lf) mit PCl3 (II) werden die Dichlorphosphorigsäureester (III) ‐ darunter das bislang nur in mäßiger Ausb. zugängliche (IIIe) sowie das unstabile (IIIf) ‐ gewonnen, die ‐ worüber noch berichtet wird ‐ bei der Oligonucleotidsynthese von Nutzen sind.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOIRON COMPLEXES IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS. 35. EFFECTS OF LIGAND ENVIRONMENT ON NUCLEOPHILE ADDITION TO CYCLOHEXADIENYLIRON CATIONS
Authors: PEARSON A. J. , YOON J.
Published: May 2016

Aus den Eisen‐ Carbonyl‐Komplexen (I) erhält man mit Vinyl‐Grignard‐Reagens (II) die Substitutionsprodukte (III), wobei aus (Ia) im wesentlichen das Dimere (IV) entsteht, während aus dem Triphenylphosphin‐Komplex (IIIb) erhalten wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF (BIPYRIDINE)(TERPYRIDINE)(CHALCOGENOETHER)RUTHENIUM(II) COMPLEXES. KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF THE HYDROGEN PEROXIDE OXIDATION OF ((BPY)(TPY)RUS(CH3)2)2+ TO ((BPY)(TPY)RUS(O)(CH3)2)2+. KINETICS OF THE AQUATION OF ((BPY)(TPY)RUS(O)(CH3)2)2+
Authors: ROOT M. J. , DEUTSCH E.
Published: May 2016

Die Ru(Il)‐Titelkomplexe (II) werden durch die aufgezeichnete Reaktion des aus Trichloroterpyridin‐Ru(III) nach bekannter Methode synthetisierten Bipyridin‐Ru?I)‐Komplexes (I) mit einem S‐Liganden‐ überschuß nach Chloridentzug dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHESIS. 10. AN EXTREMELY SHORT WAY TO PROSTAGLANDINS
Authors: SUZUKI M. , YANAGISAWA A. , NOYORI R.
Published: May 2016

Die Iodvinylderivate (I) werden über die Lithiumderivate in die Organokupferderivate übergeführt, die mit dem Dihydrofuranon (II), HMPA, Ph3SnCl und schließlich dem Iodheptenoat (III) zu den Prostaglandinsynthonen (IVa) und (IVb) umgesetzt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURAL STUDIES OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN INDOLE DERIVATIVES AND BIOLOGICALLY IMPORTANT AROMATIC COMPOUNDS. XIII. RING STACKING INTERACTION ON N THE THIAMIN‐TRYPTOPHAN SYSTEMS
Authors: ISHIDA T. , MATSUI M. , INOUE M. , HIRANO H. , YAMASHITA M. , SUGIYAMA K. , SUGIURA M. , TOMITA K.
Published: May 2016

Tryptophan Systems.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 7,9‐DIDECARBOXYMETHOXATIN (4,5‐DIHYDRO‐4,5‐DIOXO‐1H‐PYRROLO(2,3‐F)QUINOLINE‐2‐CARBOXYLIC ACID) AND COMPARISON OF ITS CHEMICAL PROPERTIES WITH THOSE OF METHOXATIN AND ANALOGOUS O‐QUINONES. MODEL STUDIES DIRECTED TOWARD THE ACTION OF PQQ REQUIRING BACTERIAL OXIDOREDUCTASES AND MAMMALIAN PLASMA AMINE OXIDASE
Authors: SLEATH P. R. , NOAR J. B. , EBERLEIN G. A. , BRUICE T. C.
Published: May 2016

Die Pyrrolochinolincarbonsäure (Ia) bzw. ihr Ester (Ib) werden wie angegeben ausgehend von (IIa)‐Reduktionsprodukt (IIb) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF HYDROGEN STORAGE ALLOY‐COPPER MICROCAPSULES
Authors: ISHIKAWA H. , OGURO K. , KATO A. , SUZUKI H. , ISHII E.
Published: May 2016

Copper Microcapsules.
ChemInform Abstract: PYRIMIDINES. 54. RING TRANSFORMATION OF 5‐(2‐CARBAMOYLVINYL)URACIL DERIVATIVES TO 5‐CARBAMOYLPYRIDIN‐2‐ONES
Authors: HIROTA K. , KITADE Y. , SHIMADA K. , MAKI Y.
Published: May 2016

Die Wittig‐Reaktion der Formyluracile (I) führt zu den E/Z‐Isomeren (II) und (III), die sich unter basischen Reaktionsbedingungen zu den Pyridinonen (IV)‐(VI) umlagem.
ChemInform Abstract: DIELS‐ALDER CYCLOADDITION OF TETRACHLOROTHIOPHENE S,S‐DIOXIDE TO AZULENE
Authors: GUPTA Y. N. , HOUK K. N.
Published: May 2016

Tetrachlor‐thiophen‐dioxid (I) reagiert mit Azulen (II) unter Cycloaddition über die 1,2‐ Stellung des Azulens zu (III).
ChemInform Abstract: FACILE RETRO DIECKMANN REACTIONS OF 3‐OXOCARBAPENAM ESTERS
Authors: DE VRIES J. G. , HAUSER G. , SIGMUND G.
Published: May 2016

Die bicyclischen β‐Lactam‐ketone (I) reagieren mit verschiedenen Nucleophilen (II)‐(V) unter Ringöffnung zu den Azetidinonen (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLOADDITION REACTIONS OF 2‐PYRONES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS. PART II. REGIOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF SUBSTITUTED PHTHALIDES VIA INTRAMOLECULAR “DIENE‐REGENERATIVE” DIELS‐ALDER REACTION OF 2‐PYRONES
Authors: NOGUCHI M. , KAKIMOTO S. , KAWAKAMI H. , KAJIGAESHI S.
Published: May 2016

Durch intramolekulare DieIs‐Alder‐Reaktion, anschließende Decarboxylierung und Dehydrierung werden aus den Pyronen ( I) bzw. (III) die spezifisch substituierten Phthalide (II) bzw. (IV) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF Γ‐PYRONES WITH 1,3‐BIS(DICYANOMETHYLENE)INDAN
Authors: BESPALOV B. P. , ABOLIN A. G. , RUMYANTSEV V. G.
Published: May 2016

Die Bis‐ (dicyanomethylen)‐indane (I) reagieren mit γ‐Pyronen (II) in Acetanhydrid zu den Derivaten (III).
ChemInform Abstract: CONDENSED 1,8‐NAPHTHYRIDINES. PART 4. SYNTHESIS OF 7‐ARYLBENZIMIDAZO(1′,2′:1,6)PYRIMIDO(4,5‐B)(1,8)NAPHTHYRIDINES
Authors: REDDY K. V. , MOGILAIAH K. , SREENIVASULU B.
Published: May 2016

′ Condensed 1,5‐Naphthyridines.
ChemInform Abstract: SILICON COMPOUNDS WITH STRONG INTRAMOLECULAR STERIC INTERACTIONS, XX. 1,1‐DI‐TERT‐BUTYL‐2,2‐DIMESITYLDISILANES: SYNTHESIS, MOLECULAR STRUCTURE, AND RADICALS
Authors: WEIDENBRUCH M. , KRAMER K. , PETERS K. , VON SCHNERING H. G.
Published: May 2016

Die Disilane (II) und (III) werden wie aufgezeichnet ausgehend von den entsprechenden Chlorsilanen dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: CHARACTERIZATION AND REACTIVITY OF DI‐μ‐CHLORO‐TETRAHYDRIDOTETRAKIS(TRIARYLPHOSPHINE)DIRUTHENIUM(III) COMPLEXES, RU2H4CL2(PR3)4
Authors: DEKLEVA T. W. , THORBURN I. S. , JAMES B. R.
Published: May 2016

Die Halogenid‐verbrückten, dimeren Ru(III)‐Komplexe (II) werden durch H2‐Reaktion der entsprechenden monomeren Ru(III)‐Komplexe (I) bzw. des dimeren Ru(II)‐Komp exes (III) in Gegenwart von 1,8‐Bis‐[dimethylaminol‐naphthalin als DMA‐Bissolvate oder aus (III) DMA‐frei dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES CONTAINING THE LIGANDS PYRAZINE‐2,6‐DICARBOXYLATE AND PYRIDINE‐2,6‐DICARBOXYLATE: SYNTHESES AND ELECTROCHEMISTRY. CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF NH4(RUCL2(DIPICH)2)
Authors: VENTUR D. , WIEGHARDT K. , WEISS J.
Published: May 2016

Die Komplexchemie des Liganden (Ia) mit Übergangsmetallen in wäßriger Lösung wurde untersucht und mit der des Liganden (Ib), von dem viele Komplexe bereits bekannt und teilweise auch röntgenographisch charakterisiert sind, verglichen.
ChemInform Abstract: GLYCO‐ORGANIC SUBSTRATES IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS. PREPARATION OF A WATER‐SOLUBLE BUTADIENYL ETHER AND ITS USE IN AQUEOUS CYCLOADDITION
Authors: LUBINEAU A. , QUENEAU Y.
Published: May 2016

Der aus (I) und (II) zugängliche Aldehyd (III) liefert nach Wittig‐Reaktion und anschließender Hydrolyse den Butadienylether (IV), der als hydrophile Gruppe den freien Glucoserest trägt.
How do you write and present research well? 10—State the uncertainty, but not too precisely
Authors: Boffito Daria C. , Patience Paul A. , Srinivasan Bala , Perrier Michel , Patience Gregory S.
Published: May 2016

Significant figures pollute literature data. Do not carry more than your experiments warrant. Order the list below from most certain to most uncertain (in K).[1]

310 °C

583.15 K

C

583.15 K

b, c, a, d
Synthesis, Biochemistry, and Computational Studies of Brominated Thienyl Chalcones: A New Class of Reversible MAO‐B Inhibitors
Authors: Mathew Bijo , Haridas Abitha , Uçar Gülberk , Baysal Ipek , Joy Monu , Mathew Githa E. , Lakshmanan Baskar , Jayaprakash Venkatesan
Published: May 2016

A series of (2E)‐1‐(5‐bromothiophen‐2‐yl)‐3‐(para‐substituted phenyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐ones (TB1–TB11) was synthesized and tested for inhibitory activity toward human monoamine oxidase (hMAO). All compounds were found to be competitive, selective, and reversible toward hMAO‐B except (2E)‐1‐(5‐bromothiophen‐2‐yl)‐3‐(4‐nitrophenyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one (TB7) and (2E)‐1‐(5‐bromothiophen‐2‐yl)‐3‐(4‐chlorophenyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one (TB8), which were selective inhibitors of hMAO‐A. The most potent compound, (2E)‐1‐(5‐bromothiophen‐2‐yl)‐3‐[4‐(dimethylamino)phenyl]prop‐2‐en‐1‐one (TB5), showed the best inhibitory activity and higher selectivity toward hMAO‐B, with Ki and SI values of 0.11±0.01 μm and 13.18, respectively. PAMPA assays for all compounds were carried out in order to evaluate the capacity of the compounds to cross the blood–brain barrier. Moreover, the most potent MAO‐B inhibitor, TB5, was found to be nontoxic at 5 and 25 μm, with 95.75 and 84.59 % viability among cells, respectively. Molecular docking simulations were carried out to understand the crucial interactions responsible for selectivity and potency.
Developmental pattern of the neuronal intermediate filament inaa in the zebrafish retina
Authors: Liao Meng‐Lin , Peng Wei‐Hau , Kan Daphne , Chien Chung‐Liang
Published: May 2016

α‐Internexin is a member of the neuronal intermediate filament (nIF) protein family, which also includes peripherin and neurofilament (NF) triplet proteins. Previous studies found that expression of α‐internexin precedes that of the NF triplet proteins in mammals and suggested that α‐internexin plays a key role in the neuronal cytoskeleton network during development. In this study, we aimed to analyze the expression patterns and function of internexin neuronal intermediate filament protein‐alpha a (inaa), the encoding gene of which is a homolog of the mammalian α‐internexin, during retinal development in zebrafish. Via in vitro and in vivo studies, we demonstrated that zebrafish inaa is an α‐internexin homolog that shares characteristics with nIFs. An immunohistochemical analysis of zebrafish revealed that inaa was distributed dynamically in the developing retina. It was widely localized in retinal neuroepithelial cells at 1 day postfertilization (dpf), and was mainly found in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and inner part of the inner nuclear layer (INL) from 3–9 dpf; after 14 dpf, it was restricted to the outer nuclear layer (ONL). Moreover, we demonstrated for the first time that inaa acted distinctively from the cytoskeletal scaffold of zebrafish cone photoreceptors during development. In conclusion, we demonstrated the morphological features of a novel nIF, inaa, and illustrated its developmental expression pattern in the zebrafish retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:3810–3826, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nonequilibrium Ti4+ Doping Significantly Enhances the Performance of Fe2O3 Photoanodes by Quenching
Authors: Wang Ting , Luo Wenjun , Wen Xin , Zou Zhigang , Huang Wei
Published: May 2016

Hematite (α‐Fe2O3) is one of the most promising photoanodes for solar water splitting due to its narrow band gap, high photostability and low cost. Though intensive studies have been done on α‐Fe2O3 photoelectrodes in the past decades, the reported record efficiency is still much lower than the theoretical maximum value (about 16 %). High resistance is one of key challenges for high performance. In this work, we used a facile quenching method to realize nonequilibrium Ti4+ doping and decrease resistance of a Fe2O3 photoanode, which indicated much higher performance than that of a sample cooled naturally by conventional methods. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of improving the performance of doped Fe2O3 by a quenching method. This method can serve as a reference for other doped photoelectrodes for solar water splitting.
Graphene‐Based Films with Integrated Strength and Toughness via a Novel Two‐Step Method Combining Gel Casting and Surface Crosslinking
Authors: Ye Shibing , Chen Bin , Hu Dingding , Liu Changzhen , Feng Jiachun
Published: May 2016

We reported herein a novel two‐step method combining gel casting and surface crosslinking to fabricate mechanically robust films. Polymer‐mediated graphene oxide (GO) films (GOFs) were initially prepared by cast‐drying gels containing GO and small amounts of rationally designed polymer, followed by surface crosslinking in EuCl3 solution. Multiple interactions including hydrogen bonds, π–π interactions, and coordinative bonds were purposefully engineered among GOFs. The resulting GOFs exhibited high strength (112.1 MPa) and toughness (1.7 MJ m−3). Moreover, chemical reduction endows these films with high electrical conductivity (21.2 S cm−1), and they could be used as flexible electromagnetic interference shielding materials with a shield effectiveness of 15.9 dB. This method for the fabrication of functional graphene‐based films with strength‐toughness balance is simple, environmentally friendly, and scalable to industrial levels.
Heterogeneous Catalytic Conversion of Biobased Chemicals into Liquid Fuels in the Aqueous Phase
Authors: Wu Kejing , Wu Yulong , Chen Yu , Chen Hao , Wang Jianlong , Yang Mingde
Published: May 2016

Different biobased chemicals are produced during the conversion of biomass into fuels through various feasible technologies (e.g., hydrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction, and pyrolysis). The challenge of transforming these biobased chemicals with high hydrophilicity is ascribed to the high water content of the feedstock and the inevitable formation of water. Therefore, aqueous‐phase processing is an interesting technology for the heterogeneous catalytic conversion of biobased chemicals. Different reactions, such as dehydration, isomerization, aldol condensation, ketonization, and hydrogenation, are applied for the conversion of sugars, furfural/hydroxymethylfurfural, acids, phenolics, and so on over heterogeneous catalysts. The activity, stability, and reusability of the heterogeneous catalysts in water are summarized, and deactivation processes and several strategies are introduced to improve the stability of heterogeneous catalysts in the aqueous phase.
Catalytic Methane Decomposition over Fe‐Al2O3
Authors: Zhou Lu , Enakonda Linga Reddy , Saih Youssef , Loptain Sergei , Gary Daniel , Del‐Gallo Pascal , Basset Jean‐Marie
Published: May 2016

The presence of a Fe–FeAl2O4 structure over an Fe–Al2O3 catalysts is demonstrated to be vital for the catalytic methane decomposition (CMD) activity. After H2 reduction at 750 °C, Fe–Al2O3 prepared by means of a fusion method, containing 86.5 wt % FeAl2O4 and 13.5 wt % Fe0, showed a stable CMD activity at 750 °C for as long as 10 h.
Alterations to chromatin in intestinal macrophages link IL‐10 deficiency to inappropriate inflammatory responses
Authors: Simon Jeremy M. , Davis James P. , Lee Saangyoung E. , Schaner Matthew R. , Gipson Gregory R. , Weiser Matthew , Sartor R. Balfour , Herfarth Hans H. , Rahbar Reza , Sadiq Timothy S. , Koruda Mark J. , McGovern Dermot P. , Lieb Jason D. , Mohlke Karen L. , Furey Terrence S. , Sheikh Shehzad Z.
Published: May 2016

Intestinal macrophages (IMs) are uniquely programmed to tolerate exposure to bacteria without mounting potent inflammatory responses. The cytokine IL‐10 maintains the macrophage anti‐inflammatory response such that loss of IL‐10 results in chronic intestinal inflammation. To investigate how IL‐10‐deficiency alters IM programming and bacterial tolerance, we studied changes in chromatin accessibility in response to bacteria in macrophages from two distinct niches, the intestine and bone‐marrow, from both wild‐type and IL‐10‐deficient (Il10−/−) mice. We identified chromatin accessibility changes associated with bacterial exposure and IL‐10 deficiency in both bone marrow derived macrophages and IMs. Surprisingly, Il10−/− IMs adopted chromatin and gene expression patterns characteristic of an inflammatory response, even in the absence of bacteria. Further, when recombinant IL‐10 was added to Il10−/− cells, it could not revert the chromatin landscape to a normal state. Our results demonstrate that IL‐10 deficiency results in stable chromatin alterations in macrophages, even in the absence of bacteria. This supports a model in which IL‐10‐deficiency leads to chromatin alterations that contribute to a loss of IM tolerance to bacteria, which is a primary initiating event in chronic intestinal inflammation.
Glucose‐mediated regulation of glycerol uptake in Rhodosporidium toruloides: Insights through transcriptomic analysis on dual substrate fermentation
Authors: Bommareddy Rajesh Reddy , Sabra Wael , Zeng An‐Ping
Published: May 2016

Rhodosporidium toruloides is a robust oleaginous yeast that can accumulate lipids to more than 70% of its dry cell mass. Even though it is extensively studied for its fermentation of substrates like glucose and glycerol, limited information is available about its metabolism of mixture of glucose and glycerol. During growth on mixture of glucose and glycerol a typical diauxic growth and higher lipid yields were observed. To understand this phenomenon, RNA‐seq analysis was implemented to study the gene expression profiles during growth on mixtures mainly to elucidate regulation of glycerol metabolism. Insights into lipid biosynthesis on mixed substrates are provided at a systems level. Among others, transcriptional profiles showed that glycerol might be produced intracellularly and glycerol kinase (GUT1) and glycerol 3–phosphate dehydrogenase (GUT2) enzymes were not downregulated in the presence of glucose. Transcriptional analysis also showed that the regulation of glycerol uptake in the presence of glucose at transcriptional level is different from that observed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Polysialylation and lipopolysaccharide‐induced shedding of E‐selectin ligand‐1 and neuropilin‐2 by microglia and THP‐1 macrophages
Authors: Werneburg Sebastian , Buettner Falk F. R. , Erben Larissa , Mathews Mona , Neumann Harald , Mühlenhoff Martina , Hildebrandt Herbert
Published: May 2016

Microglia are tissue macrophages and mediators of innate immune responses in the brain. The protein‐modifying glycan polysialic acid (polySia) is implicated in modulating microglia activity. Cultured murine microglia maintain a pool of Golgi‐confined polySia, which is depleted in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced activation. Polysialylated neuropilin‐2 (polySia‐NRP2) contributes to this pool but further polySia protein carriers have remained elusive. Here, we use organotypic brain slice cultures to demonstrate that injury‐induced activation of microglia initiates Golgi‐confined polySia expression in situ. An unbiased glycoproteomic approach with stem cell‐derived microglia identifies E‐selectin ligand‐1 (ESL‐1) as a novel polySia acceptor. Together with polySia‐NRP2, polySia‐ESL‐1 is also detected in primary cultured microglia, in brain slice cultures and in phorbol ester‐induced THP‐1 macrophages. Induction of stem cell‐derived microglia, activated microglia in brain slice cultures and THP‐1 macrophages by LPS, but not interleukin‐4, causes polySia depletion and, as shown for stem cell‐derived microglia, a metalloproteinase‐dependent release of polySia‐ESL‐1 and polySia‐NRP2. Moreover, soluble polySia attenuates LPS‐induced production of nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines. Thus, shedding of polySia‐ESL‐1 and polySia‐NRP2 after LPS‐induced activation of microglia and THP‐1 macrophages may constitute a mechanism for negative feedback regulation. GLIA 2016 GLIA 2016;64:1314–1330
Unique white matter microstructural patterns in ADHD presentations—a diffusion tensor imaging study
Authors: Svatkova Alena , Nestrasil Igor , Rudser Kyle , Goldenring Fine Jodene , Bledsoe Jesse , Semrud‐Clikeman Margaret
Published: May 2016

Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder predominantly inattentive (ADHD‐PI) and combined (ADHD‐C) presentations are likely distinct disorders that differ neuroanatomically, neurochemically, and neuropsychologically. However, to date, little is known about specific white matter (WM) regions differentiating ADHD presentations. This study examined differences in WM microstructure using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data from 20 ADHD‐PI, 18 ADHD‐C, and 27 typically developed children. Voxel‐wise analysis of DTI measurements in major fiber bundles was carried out using tract‐based spatial statistics (TBSS). Clusters showing diffusivity abnormalities were used as regions of interest for regression analysis between fractional anisotropy (FA) and neuropsychological outcomes. Compared to neurotypicals, ADHD‐PI children showed higher FA in the anterior thalamic radiations (ATR), bilateral inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), and in the left corticospinal tract (CST). In contrast, the ADHD‐C group exhibited higher FA in the bilateral cingulum bundle (CB). In the ADHD‐PI group, differences in FA in the left ILF and ATR were accompanied by axial diffusivity (AD) abnormalities. In addition, the ADHD‐PI group exhibited atypical mean diffusivity in the forceps minor (FMi) and left ATR and AD differences in right CB compared to healthy subjects. Direct comparison between ADHD presentations demonstrated radial diffusivity differences in FMi. WM clusters with FA irregularities in ADHD were associated with neurobehavioral performance across groups. In conclusion, differences in WM microstructure in ADHD presentations strengthen the theory that ADHD‐PI and ADHD‐C are two distinct disorders. Regions with WM irregularity seen in both ADHD presentations might serve as predictors of executive and behavioral functioning across groups. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3323–3336, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Physical activity and inflammation: effects on gray‐matter volume and cognitive decline in aging
Authors: Papenberg Goran , Ferencz Beata , Mangialasche Francesca , Mecocci Patrizia , Cecchetti Roberta , Kalpouzos Grégoria , Fratiglioni Laura , Bäckman Lars
Published: May 2016

Physical activity has been positively associated with gray‐matter integrity. In contrast, pro‐inflammatory cytokines seem to have negative effects on the aging brain and have been related to dementia. It was investigated whether an inactive lifestyle and high levels of inflammation resulted in smaller gray‐matter volumes and predicted cognitive decline across 6 years in a population‐based study of older adults (n = 414). Self‐reported physical activity (fitness‐enhancing, health‐enhancing, inadequate) was linked to gray‐matter volume, such that individuals with inadequate physical activity had the least gray matter. There were no overall associations between different pro‐and anti‐inflammatory markers (IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐12p40, IL‐12p70, G‐CSF, and TNF‐α) and gray‐matter integrity. However, persons with inadequate activity and high levels of the pro‐inflammatory marker IL‐12p40 had smaller volumes of lateral prefrontal cortex and hippocampus and declined more on the Mini‐Mental State Examination test over 6 years compared with physically inactive individuals with low levels of IL‐12p40 and to more physically active persons, irrespective of their levels of IL‐12p40. These patterns of data suggested that inflammation was particularly detrimental in inactive older adults and may exacerbate the negative effects of physical inactivity on brain and cognition in old age. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3462–3473, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.