bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IN SILICO DESIGN, SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, IN VITRO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, AND ANTIOXIDANT STUDIES OF 4-ARYL-4H-CHROMENE DERIVATIVES
Authors: Rajan Jithila , Krishnan Saranya , Menon Sruthi V , Zachariah Subin Mary , Pai Rajasree G , M Surya , Javahar Muhammed , George Namy
Published: July 2017

Objective: The objective of the study was to explore in silico design, preparation, characterization, and evaluation in vitro of some novel 4H-chromene derivatives as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents.Methods: 4-phenyl-4H chromene derivatives were imperiled to in silico modeling studies at the molecular level. The ligands were docked against cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) receptor targets using Argus Lab. Based on the result, the derivatives were selected for wet lab synthesis. A highly efficient multicomponent reaction of 4H chromene was carried out by one-step condensation of aldehyde with malononitrile and resorcinol without catalyst in water under ultrasound irradiation. The prepared compounds were characterized by noting their melting point, ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and thin layer chromatography (TLC) and were scrutinized for its in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activitives by in vitro cell culture studies. IR spectra of the two compounds were analyzed and studied. Thus, using melting point, TLC and UV spectroscopy the synthesized compounds were found to be pure and identified chemically. The synthesized compounds were then screened for in vitro antioxidant (by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide free radical scavenging) activity and anti-inflammatory activity by Raw 264.7 cell lines.Result: From the study, it was noticed that chemical structure-2 showed better antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activitives than chemical structure. In the 4-phenyl-4H chromene derivatives, hydroxyl substitution at 7th position and electronegative halogen at 4th position showed better antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.Conclusion: The results disclosed that these synthesized derivatives be likely to have moderate action against COX-2 mediated diseases, thereby it may lessen inflammation and agony because of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activitives.
TOTAL PHENOLIC AND FLAVONOID CONTENTS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL FRACTION OF PICRIA FEL-TERRAE (LOUR.) HERBS
Authors: Sitorus Panal , Hasibuan Poppy Anjelisazaitun , Satria Denny
Published: July 2017

Objective: To evaluate total phenolic, flavonoid content (TFC and TPC) andantioxidant activity of ethyl acetate fraction (ETF) of Picria fel-terrae Lour. herbs.Methods: TPC and TFC in ETF were determined by Folin–Ciocalteu and colorimetric methods, and antioxidant activity was determined by 1,1-diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method.Results: ETF was found to contain low levels of phenolic (17.71±1.26 mg gallic acid equivalent/g), total flavonoid (14.43±0.03 mg quercetin equivalents/g). Antioxidant activity from DPPH assay was measured as inhibitory concentration 25.72±0.13 μg/mL.Conclusions: The results reveal that ETF of P. fel-terrae Lour. herbs has strong antioxidant activity. Our further study is to the isolation of compounds which responsible for antioxidant components.
REVIEW ONPHARMACOKINETICS OF EMPAGLIFLOZIN, AN INHIBITOR OF THE SODIUM GLUCOSE CO-TRANSPORTER-2 (SGLT-2)
Authors: Ashoush Nermeen
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT Empagliflozin is an inhibitor of the sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2), which is found almost exclusively in the proximal tubules of nephrotic components in the kidneys. SGLT-2 accounts for about 90 percent of glucose reabsorption into the blood. Blocking SGLT-2 reduces blood glucose by blocking glucose reabsorption in the kidney and thereby excreting glucose (i.e., blood sugar) via the urine. Sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are an optional second-line therapy after metformin; they are generally well tolerated with low risk of hypoglycemia. The various compounds differ with respect to their pharmacokinetic properties; however, their clinical efficacy appears to be similar. The clinical differences between the various compounds stem from effects other than hypoglycemic effects, their safety and side effects profile. The aim of this review was to investigate the different pharmacokinetic studies of empagliflozin in a concise way in the form of tables.
SYNTHESIS AND ANTI-HEPATITIS C VIRUS ACTIVITY OF GALLIC ACID DERIVATIVES WITH CHIRAL CENTER
Authors: Arsianti Ade , Utsubo Chie Aoki , Fadilah Fadilah , Bahtiar Anton , Apriyanto Dadan Ramadhan , Dwira Surya , Pradisty Novia Arinda , Tanimoto Hiroki , Kakiuchi Kiyomi , Sudarmono Pratiwi , Hotta Hak , Paramita Rafika Indah , Erlina Linda
Published: July 2017

Objective: In this work, we aim to synthesize gallic acid derivatives with chiral center and to evaluate its anti-hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) activity.Methods: Synthesis of the target derivatives was started from esterification of commercially available boc deprotection (Boc)-L-threonine with allyl bromide, followed by Boc with HCl/EtOAc, amidation, and Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation with (DHQ)2PHAL or (DHQD)2PHAL as a ligand to give desired gallic acid derivatives. The synthesized gallic acid derivatives were then evaluated for anti-HCV activity and cytotoxicity.Results: The target derivatives were successfully synthesized in ranging from 20% to 30% of yield. Anti-HCV activity of the derivatives is greatly improved by the presence of chiral center, hydroxyl group, and monomethoxy group on the aromatic ring, with showed no cytotoxicity. This fact revealed that the chiral center, hydroxyl group, and monomethoxy group on the aromatic ring of gallic acid derivatives are responsible for its anti-HCV activity. Moreover, gallic acid derivative which possesses a chiral center of bottom facial stereochemistry was found to have a stronger anti-HCV activity than gallic acid derivative with chiral center of top facial stereochemistry. Suggesting that, bottom facial stereocenter in gallic acid derivative was more effective for anti-HCV activity than the top facial stereocenter.Conclusion: Gallic acid derivatives with chiral center exhibited a greater antiviral activity against HCV than gallic acid. Thus, the derivatives should be considered as a promising candidate for the treatment of HCV infection.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY COUPLED WITH TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF LENVATINIB IN HUMAN PLASMA
Authors: I Srikanth , A Prameela Rani
Published: July 2017

Objective: This study was to develop and validate a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) for the quantification of lenvatinib (LT) in human plasma.Methods: A simple, sensitive and specific LC–MS/MS method was developed for quantification of LT in human plasma using LTD4 as internal standard (IS). The analytical method consists of liquid–liquid extraction of plasma sample followed by the determination of LT by a LC–MS/MS. The analyte was separated on a Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 (150×4.6 mm, 5 μ) column with an isocratic mobile phase of acetontrile:0.1% formic acid (80:20 v/v) at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/minutes. The protonated ions were formed by a turbolon spray in a positive mode were used to detect analyte and IS. The MS/MS detection was made by monitoring the fragmentation of m/z 427.10→370.10 for LT and m/z 430.30→370.10 for IS on a MS.Result: The method was validated with the correlation coefficients of (r2) ≥0.995 over a linear concentration range of 10.20-501.60 pg/mL. This method demonstrated intra- and inter-day precision within 1.06-2.42% and 0.03-0.55% and accuracy within 95.64-100.08% and 97.16-100.07%.Conclusion: This method is suitable and convenient to pharmacokinetics and bioavailability studies for estimation of LT in biological samples by LC–MS/MS.
DOCKING ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY ON HYDROXY (DIPHENYL) ACETICACID AND ITS DERIVATIVES
Authors: Rajendran Sudha , G Nithya , P Brindha Devi , Kanakam Charles C
Published: July 2017

Objectives: The antioxidant activity of the synthesized compounds along with the standard compound for comparison is reported. There is comparison of binding analysis and the ligand interaction of the compound. Methods: The protein crystal structure complexed with 4-methyl-6-[2-(5-morpholin-4-ylpyridin-3-yl)ethyl]pyridin-2-amine inhibitor was selected from Protein Data Bank (5FVP) for our study. Results: The docking studies and structure-activity relationship reveals that the compound 2’-chloro-4-methoxy-3nitro benzilic acid after three different docking strategies reveals that the score was found to be higher compared with others.Conclusion: Based on the in vitro antioxidant results, the compounds synthesized were investigated for the molecular docking study to identify the amino acid interactions in the active site pocket of nitric oxide synthase enzyme. Based on the docking score results, all the compounds were oriented toward the active site pocket occupied by the cocrystallized ligand
THE HEALTH-CARE NEEDS AMONG OLDER PERSONS IN AN INDONESIAN URBAN SETTING
Authors: E Setiawan , K Poedjibudojo J , Ms Tondok
Published: July 2017

Objective: The unmet health-care needs among older persons population should be identified and anticipated due to hideous potential impacts. Ironically, no published study regarding this phenomenon was found in Indonesia. Derived from the Indonesian population and civil data, this study was conducted to identify the health-care needs of urban older people living on Java Island, the most populated island in Indonesia.Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in 3 subdistricts in Surabaya, the capital city of East Java, namely, Rungkut, Kenjeran, and Tenggilis. There were 9 focus group discussions (FGDs) conducted during March-August 2015. Participants in this study were recruited purposively, i.e., person in charge of “Karang Werda,” and the discussion explored thematically various topics in the area of unmet health needs phenomena related to: (1) Availability, (2) accessibility, and (3) acceptability. A FGD guide was developed to ensure in-depth discussion.Results: There were 90 older persons serving as volunteers who participated in this study. The unmet health-care needs addressed by participants in this study were (1) Integrated and specialized health-care services for older persons and (2) skillful yet age-friendly health-care personnel were needed by participants. Our findings pointed out that the unmet health-care needs in Indonesian urban settings were classified as primarily availability, accessibility, and acceptability issues.Conclusion: The government needs to take actions to solve the challenges related to the fulfillment of health-care needs among older persons in Indonesia. Further study of the health care personnel’s beliefs and attitudes in providing care among older persons needs to be conducted to provide a more holistic picture of the phenomena before making any strategy for the future Indonesia’s health-care system.
COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF STROKE
Authors: B Gopi , C Sushmitha , Ksv Nikitha , M Monika , Gunda Raghavendra Kumar , V Satyanarayana , Jn Suresh Kumar
Published: July 2017

Objective: Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disabilities worldwide. Cost-effectiveness analysis helps identify neglected opportunities by highlighting interventions that are relatively inexpensive, yet have the potential to reduce the disease burden substantially. In India, there are wide social and economic disparities. Socioeconomic environment influences occupation, lifestyle, and nutrition of social classes which in turn would influence the prevalence and profile of stroke. By reduction of delays in access to hospital and improving provision of affordable treatments can reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with stroke in India. This study is designed to measure and compare the costs (resources consumed) and consequences (clinical, economic, and humanistic) of pharmaceutical products and services and their impact on individuals, healthcare systems and society.Methods: The purpose of this study is to analyze and conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis for the treatment of stroke in Guntur City Hospitals. The patients were treated either with aspirin or clopidogrel. The health outcomes were measured using Modified Rankin Scale, A prominent risk assessment scale for stroke. The pharmacoeconomic data were computed from the patient data collection forms.Result: The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of aspirin and clopidogrel were calculated to be Rs. 8046.2/year.Conclusion: The study concludes that aspirin has the increased socioeconomic impact when compared to Clopidogrel and we can see that the earlier therapy has supported discharge, home-based rehabilitation along with reduced hospital stay and hence preferable.
EVALUATION OF ANTICLASTOGENIC POTENTIAL OF CINNAMOMUM CASSIA BARK EXTRACT AGAINST ARSENIC GENOTOXICITY BY USING MICRONUCLEUS ASSAY IN MUS MUSCULUS CAUDAL ERYTHROCYTES
Authors: Sk Ambasta , Ak Adav , Uk Sinha
Published: July 2017

Objective: The study was aimed to evaluate the anticlastogenic potential of ethanolic extract of Cinnamomum cassia against arsenic-induced genotoxicity.Methods: In the experiment, 30 animals were taken and divided into five groups and each group contains six animals. Group 1 was control and fed on tap water of Patna city while rest four (2, 3, 4, 5) groups were treated with 4 mg/kg body weight, per orally sodium arsenite for 8 weeks. Sodium arsenite pre-treated Groups 4 and 5 were followed by dose of 100 mg/kg body weight of 5% ethanolic solution of test plant bark extract for next 8 weeks (total duration of dosing 16 weeks). Caudal blood collected from each mouse by minor nick without their sacrifice and smeared blood was stained by double staining. Approximately, 2000 cells were scored by light microscopy to determine micronucleus (MN) frequency. The percentage of MN frequency was expressed in the terms of mean and standard deviation.Results: High index of MN frequency was observed in the Groups 2 and 3 while its frequency drastically reduced in Groups 4 and 5. The mean number of MN scored per 2000 cell were found to be 4.5, 23.5, 18.8, 10.5, and 9.66 in animal Groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,respectively.Conclusion: C. cassia may be effective drug in the area of preventive cancer or other kinds of diseases which lead to damage of genetic materials.
FORMULATION DESIGN AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ROPINIROLE HYDROCHORIDE MICROSPHERE FOR INTRANASAL DELIVERY
Authors: Mantry Shubhrajit , Balaji Anna
Published: July 2017

Objective: The objective of this research work to design nasal microspheres of ropinirole hydrochloride (HCL) using different mucoadhesive polymers by adopting the suitable technique. To study the influence of formulation and process variables on microsphere formation and release characteristics. To perform the physicochemical characterization of the prepared microspheres. To carry out in vitro drug release studies and to explore the release behavior using various kinetic models.Methods: Experiments were performed with ropinirole HCL as a drug, chitosan, guar gum, carbopol 974P as a polymer. Span 80 and Tween 80 used light liquid paraffin, concentrated hydrochloric acid as solvent.Result: The in vitro drug release studies were conducted for all the formulations, that is, F1-F21 in 250 ml phosphate buffer pH 6.6 for 12 hrs. Among them, F15 showed 82.7±0.23% drug release and F21 showed 81.2% in 12 hrs in a sustained manner.Conclusion: Microspheres were formulated by emulsion solvent evaporation technique using different polymers. Apart from preventing nasal irritation, the microsphere possesses two major advantages over plain solutions, one is a high solubilization capacity for ropinirole HCL that exceeds their aqueous solubility and thus allows a reduction in the application volume. The results of this work indicate that intranasal microsphere of ropinirole may be beneficial for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.
PROSPECTIVE STUDY TO COMPARE INSULIN AND INSULIN ANALOGS IN TYPE II DIABETIC PATIENTS
Authors: Ks Gireesha , M Sumithra
Published: July 2017

Objective: To compare the safety and quality of life of insulin and insulin analogues in Type II Diabetic patients.Methods: 100 patients who are diagnosed with type – II diabetes milletus are taken.In these 50 patients are of insulin analogues and 50 patients are of conventional insulin The safety was based on number of hypoglycemic events.Data was collected by using the EQ-5D questionnaire and EQ Visual Analogue scale (EQ-VAS) to assess the quality of life from the patient.Result:The percentage of the patients who had hypoglycemic events in conventional insulin group is 54% (n=27) and insulin analogues group is 20% (n=10). Mean score points of QOL obtained by conventional insulin patients is 75.9 and by insulin analogues patients is 93.75Conclusion: Insulin analogues group has low risk of hypoglycaemia when compared with the conventional insulin.The patient group who are in No problem category are found to have better QOL. The safety and QOL statistical differences constitute less likely among insulin and insulin analogues. The use of insulin analogues will continue to advance our efforts at improving diabetes care and treated related adverse outcomes can be reduced.
COMPARISON OF INHIBITORY ACTIVITY AGAINST THE α-GLUCOSIDASE ENZYMES IN THE EXTRACTS AND FRACTIONS FROM LEAVES OF THE GARCINIA KYDIA ROXBURGH
Authors: Martha Septiani , Elya Berna , Hanafi Muhammad
Published: July 2017

Objective : Garcinia kydia Roxb. is aspecies of the genus Garcinia, is based chemotaxonomic has various bioactive compounds that have been isolated by a variety of pharmacological activities, one of the activities that are being developed that inhibition of         α-glucosidase. However, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in the extracts and fraction from leaves of the Garcinia kydia Roxb. has not been reported. In this study, seeks to evaluated of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity against extracts and fractions of potentially.Methods : The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity test, conducted by in-vitro using the enzymatic reaction is measured of quantity with a microplate reader and identify the compound from the active fraction with normal-phase thin layer chromatography.Results : The ethyl acetate and methanol extract have the potential to inhibit the α-glucosidase with the percent inhibition at a concentration of 500μg/mL of 83 and 59%, respectively. The active fraction of the ethyl acetate extracts (FEA8) with percent inhibition at concentrations of 100 mg/mL and IC50 values of 80% and 2,79μg/mL, respectively and active fraction of the methanol extracts (FMT3) with percent inhibition at concentrations of 100 mg/mL and IC50 values of 71% and 8,43 μg/mL, respectively.Conclusion: Garcinia kydia Roxb. evident has the potential to inhibit the α-glucosidase. Flavonoid and phenolic compounds that suspected of acts as α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Thus, the research will continue the process of isolating the active compound so that it can be developed as natural therapeutic agents in the control of glucose.
ASSOCIATION OF POSTPRANDIAL BLOOD SUGAR WITH HYPERCOAGULABILITY IN COMPARISON TO FASTING BLOOD SUGARS IN DIABETIC AND HEALTHY PATIENTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Kadiyala Sri Ramulu , Rao Karthik , Rao Nr , Bhat Ram , Rao Jayaprakash , Patil Navin , O Balaji
Published: July 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to find the association of postprandial blood glucose with hypercoagulability in comparison to fasting blood sugars(FBS) in diabetic and healthy patients.Methods: The present study involved a total of 156 patients, of which 78 were taken as cases (diabetics) and other 78 as controls (non-diabetics). Laboratory analysis included prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen assay done along with fasting, and postprandial sugars.Results: Platelets in diabetics and healthy controls were in normal range. Decrease in PT and partial thromboplastin time was noted in diabetics compared to non-diabetic controls. Fibrinogen levels were increased in cases compared to controls. Changes in PT values were more significant with postprandial blood sugar (PPBS) levels when compared to FBS levels, and APTT follows the same pattern with more in PPBS levels and FBS levels in diabetics. PPBS showed elevated fibrinogen when compared to FBS in diabetics as well as non-diabetics.Conclusion: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a hypercoagulable state as proven by the following results of our study.
THE BIOPHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND STRUCTURAL EXPLORATION OF PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH REGULATOR B-CELL LYMPHOMA 2-ASSOCIATED X PROTEIN OF CHINESE LIVER FLUKE (CLONORCHIS SINENSIS)
Authors: Panda Subhamay , Prasad Dipak , Bag Indranil
Published: July 2017

Objective: The balance between deaths and cellular life is regulated by B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2)-associated X protein (BAX) an important pro-apoptotic components of BCL-2 family. With this initial point, the aim of this study was to determine a comparative composite based structure of BAX of Chinese liver fluke and different structural analysis.Methods: Protein amino acid of BAX of Chinese liver fluke mined from National Centre for Biotechnology Information (http://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). Molecular model of BAX of Chinese liver fluke protein was generated by the comparative composite modeling tool Iterative Threading ASSEmbly Refinement suite. Afterward, I-TASSER generated molecular model was subjected to further structural improvements by energy minimization step. Distribution of negatively and positively charged amino acid over molecular modeled structure, distribution of secondary structural elements, and hydrophobicity molecular surface analysis was performed with the help of bioinformatical tools.Results: Analysis of Ramachandran plot created by PROCHECK tool is a consensus standard for validation purpose of protein structural modeling. Altogether 97.8% of the residues were detected in allowed and favored regions, which in turn validate the quality of generated protein structural model. Total negatively and positively charged residues within the BAX of Chinese liver fluke were 23 and 20, respectively. Chimera package-guided hydrophobicity molecular surface analysis illustrates that molecule specific hydrophobicity surface is exclusive to BAX protein molecule.Conclusion: Within the scope of this scientific investigation, we have successfully utilized molecular modeling approach to suggest the first molecular three-dimensional model structure of BAX of Chinese liver fluke. The synchronous balance between cellular deaths and cellular life is keeping up by BAX, an important pro-apoptotic family member of BCL-2 family. Consequently, it would be an exciting approach to resolve its structural characterization and molecular structure to propose mode of mechanism action.
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND IN VITRO FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF SUCCESSIVE EXTRACTS OF ALYSICARPUS VAGINALIS VAR. NUMMULARIFOLIUS (DC.) MIQ
Authors: Kurian Susan , Joseph Leenamma , S. Josekumar V.
Published: July 2017

Objective: The present study was carried to evaluate free radical scavenging activity and phytochemical analysis of successive extraction with hexane (AVH), ethyl acetate (AVE) and methanol (AVM) of Alysicarpus vaginalis var. nummularifolius (DC.) MIQ., a herb used in home remedies.Methods: The entire plant was dried and powdered, successively extracted (soxhlet apparatus) and concentrated using rotary vacuum evaporator. The extracts were quantitatively analyzed for phytochemicals like total phenolic, flavonoids, alkaloids and carbohydrates following standard methods. The free radical scavenging activity was evaluated with DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), nitric oxide radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging reactions.Results: The quantitative phytochemical studies of the crude extracts showed that AVM extract with highest phenolic, flavonoid, alkaloid and carbohydrate content which is followed by AVE and AVH. The IC50 values of AVH, AVE and AVM for scavenging DPPH, nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide were 589.21±0.09 µg/ml, 254.65±0.08 µg/ml and 261.40±0.08 µg/ml; 533.81±0.09 µg/ml, 362.07±0.09 µg/ml and 456.36±0.08 µ/ml; 464.66±0.08 µg/ml, 380.29±0.08 µg/ml and 367.6±0.08 µg/ml respectively. Conclusion: The present study revealed that AVM extracts having high polyphenolic compounds when compared with AVE and AVH. The free radical scavenging reaction was greater in ethyl acetate and methanol extracts. This suggests that due to the high antioxidant reactions, these extracts can be useful for the treatment of oxidative stress–related diseases.
MCL-1 Is a Key Antiapoptotic Protein in Human and Rodent Pancreatic β-Cells
Authors: Meyerovich Kira , Violato Natalia M. , Fukaya Makiko , Dirix Violette , Pachera Nathalie , Marselli Lorella , Marchetti Piero , Strasser Andreas , Eizirik Decio L. , Cardozo Alessandra K.
Published: July 2017

Induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress and activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway is widely believed to contribute to β-cell death in type 1 diabetes (T1D). MCL-1 is an antiapoptotic member of the BCL-2 protein family, whose depletion causes apoptosis in rodent β-cells in vitro. Importantly, decreased MCL-1 expression was observed in islets from patients with T1D. We report here that MCL-1 downregulation is associated with cytokine-mediated killing of human β-cells, a process partially prevented by MCL-1 overexpression. By generating a β-cell–specific Mcl-1 knockout mouse strain (βMcl-1KO), we observed that, surprisingly, MCL-1 ablation does not affect islet development and function. β-Cells from βMcl-1KO mice were, however, more susceptible to cytokine-induced apoptosis. Moreover, βMcl-1KO mice displayed higher hyperglycemia and lower pancreatic insulin content after multiple low-dose streptozotocin treatment. We found that the kinase GSK3β, the E3 ligases MULE and βTrCP, and the deubiquitinase USP9x regulate cytokine-mediated MCL-1 protein turnover in rodent β-cells. Our results identify MCL-1 as a critical prosurvival protein for preventing β-cell death and clarify the mechanisms behind its downregulation by proinflammatory cytokines. Development of strategies to prevent MCL-1 loss in the early stages of T1D may enhance β-cell survival and thereby delay or prevent disease progression.
Performance of Class F Pulverised Fuel Ash and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag in Ternary Concrete Mixes
Authors: Kamau Jhon , Ahmed Ash , Hirst Paul , Kangwa Joseph
Published: July 2017

Cement is the most utilised material after water, and the processes that are involved in making it are energy intensive, contributing to about 7% of the total global anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2). Energy efficiency can however be achieved by using Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs) such as Pulverised Fuel Ash (PFA) and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) which demand less process heating and emit fewer levels of CO2. This work examined the advantages of substituting cement using PFA and GGBS in ternary (2 SCMs) concrete at steps of 0%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%. It was found that PFA increased the workability of GGBS, whereas GGBS improved the strength of PFA. The densities of the resultant concrete were below those of the 0% replacement as well as those of individual binary (1 SCM) concretes. The tensile strengths of the ternary concrete were lower than those of the binary concretes, whereas the gains in compressive strengths over curing time were higher at lower replacements for the ternary concrete compared with the 0% replacement and the binary concretes, but lower at higher replacements. The findings indicate that PFA and GGBS could be used together to improve the properties of concrete where each falls short.
Life Cycle Assessment of Polyamide Printed Interconnections for ECG Monitoring
Authors: Wan Qiansu
Published: July 2017

This paper presents quantitative environment impact evaluation and assessment of inkjet printed flexible cable on soft substrates for Electrocardiography (ECG) monitoring. The studied printed ECG cable is fabricated by inkjet printing of nanoparticles wire on paper substrate which enables wireless transmission of ECG signals between bio-electric electrodes and central medical device. In order to facilitate the inventory analysis, the environmental impacts evaluation of inkjet printing technology has been carried out by comparing with traditional ECG cables. With the life cycle inventory modelling by using GaBi software, the life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted to qualify the input and output of raw material resources, energy resources used in manufacturing phases and the impacts to environment.
A Comparative Analysis of Service Discovery Approaches for the Internet of Things
Authors: Aziez Meriem , Benharzallah Saber , Bennoui Hammadi
Published: July 2017

Abstract—The Internet of Things (IOT) has gained a significant attention in the last years. It covers multiple domains and applications such as smart home, smart healthcare, IT transportation...etc. the highly dynamic nature of the IOT environment brings to the service discovery new challenges and requirements. As a result, discovering the desirable services has become very challenging. In this paper, we aim to address the IoT service discovery problem and investigate the existing solutions to tackle this problem in many aspects, therefore we present a full comparative analysis of the most representative (or outstanding) service discovery approaches in the literature over four perspectives: (1) the IoT service description model, (2) the mechanism of IoT service discovery, (3) the adopted architecture and (4) the context awareness.
Analysis and Design of an Accounting Information System
Authors: Al-Hawari Feras
Published: July 2017

Abstract—This paper discusses an Accounting Information System (AIS) that is developed in-house by the German Jordanian University (GJU). The AIS is a web-based distributed application that is comprised of three separate tiers: the client, web (application), and business (data) tiers. The three tiers are designed and developed such that the system is easy to use, effective, fast, accurate, reliable, and scalable. The AIS mainly enables accountants to manage (i.e., record, view, edit, and delete) the daily financial transactions such as payments, refunds, and adjustments. Furthermore, it allows managing fees (e.g., services and tuition fees) and student data (e.g., academic information, schedules, transcripts, holds, registration invoices, and statement of account). Moreover, it allows specifying sponsors and supports the definition of complex scholarship tuition fees coverage combinations related to the GJU as well as most of the Jordanian universities. Besides that, it enables the quick generation of financial statements and accounting reports (e.g., daily summary, daily journal, and student balances) at the click of a button. The generated reports can be used by the staff and management of the financial department for auditing, financial accounting, and decision making purposes. The system was successfully deployed in the first 2015/2016 academic semester and since then it accurately recorded and processed thousands of accounting transactions.

 

Index Terms: software engineering, student information system, web applications, accounting,scholarships, tuition fees.
Interoperability between Islands and Smart Concentrator Unit
Authors: Tomlain Juraj , Teren Ondrej , Tomlain Jan
Published: July 2017

Abstract—The paper deals with the problematic of the interoperability island smart renewable sources with smart concentrator unit. These sources are built up on smart regulators and communication module. It is focused mainly on the island localities without direct electrical connection, which should be interconnected with central concentrator unit. The theory contains little bit about regulator algorithm, block diagram of both power regulation and communication part and a few about fundamentals. There is shown how should be smart concentrator unit developed and what is the important for online monitoring of these island systems. Evaluation and measured electrical, communication parameters and results follows the papers.

 

Keywords—island renewable energy sources, GPRS communication, smart concentrator unit
PEMBELAJARAN AKTIF UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERFIKIR TINGKAT TINGGI MELALUI KETRAMPILAN MENYELESAIKAN MASALAH PADA PERKULIAHAN KALKULUS LANJUT
Authors: Tresnaningsih Risqi
Published: July 2017

Mata kuliah kalkulus lanjut merupakan salah satu mata kuliah yang menitik beratkan pada kemampuan memecahkan masalah yang melibatkan banyak materi prasyarat. Peranan dari mata kuliah prasyarat sangat penting dan mendominasi terhadap hasil perhitungan. Mata kuliah kalkulus lanjut menuntut mahasiswa untuk selalu meningkatkan cara berfikir mahasiswa, sehingga mahasiswa dapat berfikir lebih tinggi lagi dalam menyelesaikan persoalan kalkulus lanjut yang cukup kompleks. Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah merupakan metode pembelajaran aktif yang digunakan untuk masalah terstruktur yang merupakan tanggapan dari hasil pembelajaran. Pada model pengajaran ini, digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah mempunyai struktur yang kompleks yang tidak cukup bila dikerjakan dengan algoritma yang sederhana. Penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (Classroom Action Research). Penelitian tindakan kelas adalah suatu penyelidikan secara sistematis dan terencana untuk memperbaiki pembelajaran dengan jalan mengadakan perbaikan atau perubahan dan mempelajari akibat yang akan ditimbulkan. Untuk memperoleh data yang sesuai dengan permasalahan dan tujuan penelitian maka penelitian tindakan kelas ini akan dilaksanakan dalam 2 siklus. Masing-masing siklus terdiri dari 4 tahap yaitu tahap perencanaan (planning), tahap pelaksanaan (action), tahap pengamatan (observation) dan tahap refleksi (reflection). Dengan menggunakan pembelajaran berbasis masalah hasil observasi setiap indikator pada siklus I masih mempunyai nilai rendah. Kenaikan nilai mahasiswa mengindikasikan bahwa terdapat peningkatan aktifitas intelektual mahasiswa, yaitu pada tahap berdiskusi. Pada kegiatan berdiskusi, mahasiswa dapat memberikan masukan, ide, saran dan gagasan-gagasan yang menurut mereka benar, meskipun belum diketahui kebenaranya tersebut, akan tetapi dengan melalui tahapan pada sintaksis model pembelajaran tersebut, mahasiswa mempunyai ide, gagasan yang akan meningkatkan kemampuan berfikir tingginya. Pada siklus ke dua ini, mahasiswa telah dapat menunjukkan peningkatannya dalam berfikir, sehingga apabila diterapkan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah ini secara kontinu, maka akan diindikasi dengan  peningkatan berfikir mahasiswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah kalkulus lanjut.
PROFIL BERPIKIR SISWA DITINJAU DARI KREATIVITAS SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIAKAN KESEBANGUNAN DAN SIMETRI PADA BANGUN DATAR KELAS V SDN REJOMULYO KABUPATEN MAGETAN TAHUN AJARAN 2012/2013
Authors: Wijayanti Anis Dwi , Sanusi Sanusi , Handoyo Benny
Published: July 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kreativitas siswa dan mendeskripsikan kreativitas siswa dalam pembelajaran matematika khususnya pada sub bab kesebangunan dan simetri pada bangun datar.
 Penentuan subjek di dalam penelitian ini berdasarkan nilai tes formatif yang dilakukan guru pada ulangan harian siswa kelas V SDN Rejomulyo yang berjumlah 16 siswa. Teknik pengambilan subjek menggunakan hasil tes formatif berupa ulangan harian yang dilakukan guru sehingga di diperoleh 2 siswa berkategori tinggi, 2 siswa berkategori sedang dan 2 siswa berkategori rendah. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode tes dan wawancara. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah kegiatan mereduksi data, menampilkan data, dan melakukan verifikasi untuk membuat kesimpulan.
 Hasil penelitian menunjukkan siswa kategori tinggi memiliki kecenderungan yang sedang dalam memeriksa proses dan hasil. Sedangkan untuk tahapan kreativitas yang lain siswa tergolong baik yaitu siswa mampu memahami masalah, merencanakan penyelesaian masalah dan melaksanakan rencana penyelesaian masalah dengan tepat dan benar dalam menyelesaikan masalah kesebangunan dan simetri pada bangun datar. Siswa kategori sedang memiliki kecenderungan yang sedang dalam tahapan kreativitas yaitu siswa mampu memahami masalah, merencanakan penyelesaian masalah, melaksanakan rencana penyelesaian masalah dan memeriksa proses dan hasil sehingga siswa dapat menyelesaikan soal kesebangunan dan simetri pada bangun datar dengan cukup runtut walaupun ada yang kurang tepat. Siswa kategori rendah memiliki kecenderungan yang sedang dalam menguraikan jawaban secara terperinci sedangkan untuk tahapan kreativitas yang lain siswa tergolong kurang yaitu siswa belum mampu memahami masalah, siswa belum mampu merencanakan penyelesaian masalah dan siswa belum mampu dalam melaksanakan rencana penyelesaian masalah kesebangunan dan simetri pada bangun datar dengan tepat dan benar.
PROFIL PEMAHAMAN KONSEP SEGITIGA PADA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR (SD) BERDASARKAN TEORI VAN HEILE
Authors: Purnamawati Yayuk , Gembong Sardulo , S. Ervina Maret
Published: July 2017

Berbagai anggapan muncul di benak siswa sebagai pelaksana pendidikan bahwa matematika adalah mata pelajaran sulit untuk dipahami. Pemahaman meliputi perilaku yang menunjukkan kemampuan siswa dalam menangkap pengertian suatu konsep. Salah satu materi yang perlu penanaman konsep adalah materi segitiga. Pada teori Van Hiele mengatakan bahwa tingkatan untuk pemahaman geometri dasar meliputi 5 tingkatan yaitu tahap informasi, orientasi terbimbing, eksplitasi, orientasi bebas, integrasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mengetahui profil pemahaman konsep segitiga pada siswa Sekolah (SD) berdasarkan teori Van Hiele. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah 6 siswa kelas III SD N 03 Dimong. Teknik pengumpulan data diperoleh dari metode tes tulis dan tes wawancara. Teknik keabsahan data menggunakan teknik trianggulasi sumber dan teknik sedangkan teknik analisis datanya adalah non-statistik dengan menggunakan transkrip wawancara dan catatan lapangan.
 Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa kategori tinggi memiliki kecenderungan pemaham konsep geometri yang baik, siswa kategori sedang memiliki kecenderungan pemaham konsep geometri yang cukup baik sedangkan siswa kategori rendah memiliki pemaham konsep geometri yang kurang.
ANALISIS KESALAHAN PENYELESAIAN SOAL URAIAN MATEMATIKA SISWA MTs PADA POKOK BAHASAN UNSUR-UNSUR LINGKARAN
Authors: Apriliawan Agita , Gembong Sardulo , Sanusi Sanusi
Published: July 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kesalahan-kesalahan yang dilakukan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal uraian pokok bahasan unsur-unsur lingkaran.Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif karena penelitian mengarah pada pendeskripsian secara rinci dan mendalam mengenai potret kondisi tentang apa yang sebenarnya terjadi dilapangan. Dalam penelitian ini dipilih subyek sebanyak 6 siswa MTs Negeri Caruban. Subyek dipilih berdasarkan rekomendeasi guru mata pelajaran matematika dengan kriteria 2 siswa dengan kemampuan matematika tinggi, 2 siswa dengan kemampuan matematika sedang, dan 2 siswa dengan kemampuan matematika rendah.Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode tes dan wawancara. Tes digunakan untuk menganalisis kesalahan siswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematika pokok bahasan unsur-unsur lingkaran, sedangkan wawancara digunakan untuk menelusuri kesalahan yang dilakukan siswa secara lebih mendalam. Teknik keabsahan data yang digunakan adalah triangulasi sumber atau triangulasi data. Triangulasi ini mengarahkan peneliti agar di dalam mengumpulkan data, peneliti wajib menggunakan beragam sumber data yang tersedia. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data hasil tes, dan data hasil wawancara.
 Dari hasil tes dan wawancara maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa 1) kesalahan dalam menginterprestasi bahasa yang dilakukan siswa MTs kelas VIII adalah a) siswa dengan kemampuan matematika tinggi dan rendah cenderung tidak mengalami kesalahan dalam memahami maksud soal. b) siswa dengan kemampuan matematika tinggi dan rendah cenderung tidak mengalami kesalahan dalam menerjemahkan soal dari bahasa umum ke model matematika. 2) kesalahan konsep yang dilakukan siswa MTs kelas VIII adalah a) siswa dengan kemampuan matematika tinggi dan sedang cenderung tidak mengalami kesalahan dalam menerapkan konsep. b) siswa dengan kemampuan matematika tinggi dan sedang cenderung tidak mengalami kesalahan dalam dalam menerapkan rumus. c) siswa dengan kemampuan matematika rendah cenderung mengalami kesalahan dalam menentukan prosedur pengerjaan soal. 3) kesalahan teknis yang dilakukan siswa MTs kelas VIII adalah a) siswa dengan kemampuan matematika tinggi dan sedang cenderung tidak mengalami kesalahan dalam melakukan operasi hitung. 4) kesalahan kealpaan yang dilakukan siswa MTs kelas VIII adalah a) siswa dengan kemampuan matematika rendah cenderung mengalami kesalahan dalam menyelesaikan soal. b) Siswa dengan kemampuan matematika tinggi cenderung tidak mengalami kesalahan dalam kecermatan meneliti hasil pekerjaannya.
UPAYA PENINGKAKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR MATEMATIKA DENGAN PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TEAMS GAMES TOURNAMENT (TGT) PADA POKOK BAHASAN PELUANG DI SMA NEGERI 1 DAGANGAN MADIUN KELAS XI IPS
Authors: Susmiatiningsih Fitri , Sanusi Sanusi , Krisdiana Ika
Published: July 2017

Prestasi belajar matematika yang rendah merupakan masalah yang sering muncul dalam pembelajaran matematika. Hal ini dimungkinkan penggunaan strategi pembelajaran yang kurang tepat. Model pembelajaran kooperatif merupakan model pembelajaran yang memberikan keberhasilan terhadap siswa untuk aktif berfikir dan berinovatif. Sedangkan pembelajaran Team-GamesTournament (TGT), merupakan salah satu pembelajaran yang dapat memotivasi siswa untuk mencari informasi dari masalah dan merencanakan pembelajaran dengan pemikiran atau ide mereka sendiri. Melalui pembelajaran Team-GamesTournament (TGT), dapat menimbulkan aktivitas siswa dalam belajar matematika sehingga dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar matematika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Team-GamesTournament (TGT), dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar matematika pada pokok bahasan peluang di SMA Negeri 1 Dagangan Madiun kelas XI IPS. Penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dengan subjek penelitian kelas XI IPS3 dengan jumlah siswa sebanyak 29 siswa, yang terdiri dari 12 siswa laki-laki dan 17 siswa perempuan. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam 2 siklus, dari penelitian yang telah dilaksanakan dapat diketahui adanya peningkatan nilai rata-rata aktivitas kelas dari siklus I 73,55 meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 80,45. Dari rata-rata tes formatif yang dilaksanakan pada tiap akhir siklus dapat diketahui peningkatan prestasi belajar matematika siswa, yaitu dari rata-rata tes formatif pada siklus I sebesar 68,97% meningkat menjadi 80.45% pada siklus II. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa metode pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Team-GamesTournament (TGT) dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan prestasi belajar matematiaka pada pokok bahasan peluang di SMA Negeri 1 Dagangan Madiun kelas XI IPS.
PENGGUNAAN METODE PEMBERIAN TUGAS TERBIMBING BERBASIS MULTIMEDIA INTERAKTIF DALAM MATA KULIAH TEORI GRAF UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR MAHASISWA
Authors: Setyansah Reza Kusuma , Krisdiana Ika
Published: July 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat dampak perkembangan aktivitas belajar mahasiswa berdasarkan pengembangan penggunaan media pembelajaran interaktif berupa power point pada perkuliahan teory graf mahasiswa yang selanjutnya diharapkan akan membantu meningkatkan prestasi belajar mahasiswa.
 Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang terdiri dari tiga siklus. Pada masing-masing siklus memiliki empat tahap yaitu, tahap perencanaan, tahap pelaksanaan, tahap pengamatan dan tahap refleksi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa semester genap (kelas VI-A) tahun akademik 2012/2013 yang berjumlah 37 orang. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi langsung dan tes. Analisa data yang dilakukan adalah analisis diskriptif kualitatif.
 Dari hasil penelitian 37 orang mahasiswa pada siklus I diperoleh banyaknya mahasiswa yang tuntas adalah 13,51% dan 86,49% mahasiswa yang tidak tuntas.Pada siklus II diperoleh banyaknya mahasiswa yang tuntas adalah 27,03% dan 72,97% mahasiswa yang tidak tuntas. Pada siklus III diperoleh banyaknya mahasiswa yang tuntas adalah72,97% dan 27,03% mahasiswa yang tidak tuntas. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan yang cukup berarti. Pada perlakuan Siklus II dan siklus III selain terdapat peningkatan prestasi, penerapan metode pemberian tugas terbimbing memiliki pengaruh yang cukup berarti dalam meningkatkan kemandirian belajar mahasiswa.
EFEKTIVITAS PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS PROJEK (PBP) TERHADAP KREATIVITAS MAHASISWA PADA MATAKULIAH METODOLOGI PENELITIAN
Authors: Zainudin M.
Published: July 2017

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk membuktikan efektivitas Pembelajaran Berbasis Projek (PBP) terhadap kreativitas mahasiswa pada matakuliah metodologi penelitian pendidikan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental semu. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa program studi pendidikan Matematika IKIP PGRI Bojonegoro tahun akademik 2012/2013. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara cluster random sampling, sehingga terambil 2 kelas yakni III-A yang terdiri dari 32 siswa dan VIII-C yang terdiri dari 32 siswa. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa PBP lebih efektif daripada pembelajaran langsung terhadap kreativitas mahasiswa pada matakuliah metodologi penelitian pendidikan.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE JIGSAW DENGAN TEKNIK PEMBELAJARAN MAKE A MATCH DAN NUMBERED HEADS TOGETHER TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR MATEMATIKA DITINJAU DARI KECERDASAN GANDA SISWA
Authors: Budiyono Budiyono , Nurani Nurani , Sutanto Sutanto
Published: July 2017

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menyelidiki : ( 1 ) yang model J - MAM , J - NHT , dan hasil pembelajaran konvensional pada prestasi belajar yang lebih baik di Matematika pembelajaran , (2 ) multiple intelligence dari Logical - Mathematical yang , Visual - Spasial , dan interpersonal hasil jenis dalam prestasi belajar yang lebih baik di Matematika , (3 ) di setiap multiple intelligence , yang model J - MAM , J - NHT , dan hasil pembelajaran konvensional pada prestasi belajar yang lebih baik di Matematika belajar ; dan ( 4 ) di masing-masing model pembelajaran , yang multiple intelligence dari Logical - Mathematical , Visual - Spasial , dan interpersonal hasil jenis dalam prestasi belajar yang lebih baik di Matematika . Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian eksperimen kuasi dengan desain faktorial 3 x 3 . Populasinya adalah semua siswa di kelas XI SMK Negeri di Kabupaten Sragen . Sampel penelitian diambil dengan menggunakan teknik stratified random sampling . Data penelitian dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis dua arah tidak seimbang varians pada tingkat signifikansi 5 % . Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut : 1 ) The J - MAM dan model pembelajaran J- NHT menghasilkan prestasi belajar yang sama di Matematika , tapi baik mengakibatkan prestasi belajar yang lebih baik di Matematika dibandingkan dengan model pembelajaran konvensional , 2 ) Ada tidak ada perbedaan dalam prestasi belajar Matematika siswa dengan Logical - Mathematical , Visual - Spasial , dan jenis Interpersonal , 3 ) dalam setiap jenis multiple intelligence , J- MAM dan model pembelajaran J- NHT menghasilkan barang yang sama prestasi dalam Matematika , namun kedua hasil dalam prestasi belajar yang lebih baik di Matematika dibandingkan dengan model pembelajaran konvensional pembelajaran , 4 ) dalam setiap model pembelajaran , para siswa dengan Logical - Mathematical , Visual - Spasial , dan jenis interpersonal memiliki prestasi belajar yang sama di Matematika.