bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Infraestruturas de globalização e escalas em paisagens linguísticas
Authors: Batista Thaís Elizabeth Pereira , Pinto Joana Plaza
Published: September 2020

Nosso artigo busca analisar paisagens linguísticas visíveis em espaços públicos em dois diferentes contextos, levando-se em consideração os efeitos da globalização nas diferenças entre os grupos pressupostas pela tradição variacionista. Um dos contextos é uma área urbana de médio porte, a cidade de Anápolis-GO. O outro é uma comunidade quilombola (remanescentes de africanos escravizados resistentes), em área rural com muitos índices de globalização, como turismo ecológico e turismo de herança. Ambos os contextos estão no bioma Cerrado no Centro-oeste brasileiro. Discutimos de que maneira infraestruturas de globalização interferem nas paisagens linguísticas e como isso influencia os contextos. Usamos ferramentas teóricas da Sociolinguística da Mobilidade, que considera formas complexas de mobilidade de pessoas e disseminação de informações em grande velocidade e seus impactos na complexidade e imprevisibilidade das práticas linguísticas. Escala é utilizada para analisar as paisagens linguísticas nos dados empíricos visuais. A análise mostra que as paisagens linguísticas convergem em muitos aspectos, apresentando diferenças e semelhanças. Com isso, a estabilidade do binarismo rural-urbano é desafiada pela reordenação de camadas escalares de interação.
IBADAH YANG DISUKAI TUHAN DALAM AGAMA KRISTEN MENURUT TEKS AMOS 5:21-24
Authors: Tapingku Joni
Published: August 2020

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pemahaman warga Gereja Toraja Klasis Sillanan di Kabupatan Tana Toraja, Sulawesi Selatan, tentang ibadah yang disukai Tuhan berdasarkan teks Amos 5:21-24. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah wawancara, observasi dan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ibadah yang disukai Tuhan harus berpusat pada Tuhan sendiri. Yang diagungkan dalam ibadah bukan manusia melainkan hanya Tuhan. Ibadah yang disukai Tuhan dapat pula dilakukan dalam bentuk perayaan yang di dalamnya terdapat unsur persekutuan, pujian, penyembahan, ucapan syukur dan perilaku hidup yang adil dan benar dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.Abstract This qualitative research aimed to describe the understanding of the members of the Toraja Church of Klasis Sillanan in Tana Toraja Regency, South Sulawesi, about worship that is liked by God based on the text of Amos 5: 21-24. The techniques of collecting data were interview, observation and library study. The results of research showed that worship that God liked must be centered on God himself. The glorified in worship is not human but only God. Worship that God likes can also be done in the form of celebration in which there are elements of fellowship, praise, worship, thanksgiving and fair and righteous behavior in daily life.
Strategies to Reduce Procrastination in College Students
Authors: Cursi Campos Heloisa
Published: September 2020

College students’ procrastination patterns and strategies to decrease procrastination were investigated. Each week, participants alternated between two schedules of delivery of practice quizzes while preparing for weekly quizzes. In Study 1, one practice quiz was available per day in the noncontingent condition. In the contingent condition, participants had to submit one practice quiz per day to access the subsequent practice quiz. In Study 2, two practice quizzes were available every other day in the noncontingent condition. In the contingent condition, participants had to submit two practice quizzes every other day to access subsequent practice quizzes. Six of 25 participants stopped procrastinating at the end of the contingent condition. Both conditions yielded high scores on weekly quizzes even when participants procrastinated. These results indicate that college students’ procrastination patterns can be changed, although it does not necessarily lead to increased quiz scores.
Improving Student Success by Incorporating Instant-Feedback Questions and Increased Proctoring in Online Science and Mathematics Courses
Authors: Law Yu Kay , Tobin Ryan Wesley , Wilson Neena R , Brandon Lora Ann
Published: September 2020

Introductory courses in mathematics and the physical sciences are challenging for students and often have lower success rates than other comparable courses.  In online courses, this problem is magnified given the greater propensity for students to engage in surface learning strategies.  In particular, it has been shown that students are not actively utilizing learning materials provided in the structured course modules such as lecture videos.  To combat this problem, we have implemented two different solutions to improve student engagement and retention of knowledge.  Firstly, we have incorporated Quick Checks into courses in general chemistry and precalculus, where students answer auto-graded questions directly after viewing the course materials.  These aim to promote the viewing of course materials beyond homework and quizzes, including engagement with course lecture videos.  Secondly, with the incorporation of online proctoring options integrated into our LMS offerings, we have moved to increase the extent to which examinations are proctored. This encourages students to engage in more frequent reinforcement prior to examinations because they cannot use course materials during proctored examinations.  We show that these measures lead to greater engagement with course materials and improved performance on proctored examinations, although student performance on formative assessments remained relatively consistent.
Land Surface Temperature Anomalies Detection for the Strong Earthquakes in 2018
Authors: Rasul Azad , Omar Luqman W.
Published: September 2020

Earthquake every year leads to human and material losses and unpredictability of it by now makes this natural disaster worsen. The objective of the current study was to determine the anomalies in land surface temperature (LST) in areas affected by earthquakes. In this research, three earthquakes (M >6) were studied. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Aqua and Terra day and night LST data used from 2003 to 2018. The interquartile range (IQR) and mean ± 2σ methods utilized to select anomalies. As a result, based on the IQR method, no prior and after anomaly detected in selected cases and data. Based on mean ± 2σ, usually positive anomaly occurred during daytime. However, negative (or positive) anomaly occurred during the nighttime before the Mexico and Bolivia earthquakes. During 10 days after the earthquake, sometimes a negative anomaly detected.
Spectrophotometric Indirect Determination of Captopril through Redox Reaction with n-bromosuccinimide and RB dye in Pharmaceutical Products
Authors: Kokhasmail Dashne M. , Tahir Tara F. , Azeez Kurdistan F.
Published: September 2020

A simple, accurate, and sensitive method for the spectrophotometric determination of captopril in bulk and dosage forms is reported. The method is based on the bromination of captopril with excess solution of n-bromosuccinimide (NBS) in HCl acid medium. The excess NBS is pursued by the assessment of the residual NBS based on its ability to bleach the rhodamine B dye and measuring the absorbance at 555 nm. The amount of NBS reacted coincides to the drug content. The different experimental parameters influencing the development and stability of the color are precisely studied and optimized. Beer’s law is valid within a concentration range of 0.3–1.0 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient R2 = 0.991. The limit of detection 0.169 μg/mL is attained and relative standard deviation values for five replicated measurements of 0.3, 0.7, and 1.0 μg/mL captopril were between 0.53% and 2.03%. No interference is detected from prevalent additives found in pharmaceutical preparations. The proposed method is profitably put on to the determination of captopril in the tablet formulations with mean recoveries 98.91–101.27% and the results were statistically confronted with those of a reference method by applying Student’s t-and F-test.
Recomendaciones derivadas de la acreditación de programas educativos: Análisis en una universidad pública estatal de México
Authors: Jiménez Moreno José Alfonso , Ponce Ceballos Salvador
Published: August 2020

El artículo aborda la problemática de la acreditación de programas educativos en México. Se reconoce que el auge de este tipo de ejercicios se genera en función de las políticas en las cuales se circunscribe la educación superior en Latinoamérica. La investigación tuvo por objetivo realizar un análisis documental de 21 dictámenes de acreditación de siete programas de una universidad pública a lo largo de tres periodos, en aras de clasificar las recomendaciones realizadas por los organismos acreditadores; las unidades o categorías resultantes fueron las siguientes: Personal académico, Estudiantes, Plan de estudios, Vinculación, Investigación y Gestión del programa. Al analizar cada una de las recomendaciones en las categorías seleccionadas se observa primeramente una falta de delimitación conceptual y de cumplimiento de estándares internacionales en los dictámenes revisados, además de sugerencias tendientes a incrementar la competitividad de los programas, consolidar el trabajo colegiado, fortalecer trayectorias escolares y atender necesidades del entorno. Se concluye la necesidad de hacer explícito el modelo de evaluación que sustente las acreditaciones, además, se describe cómo la acreditación promueve la productividad académica y el establecimiento de condiciones básicas de organización y operación de programas educativos.
ACADEMIC HARDINESS, SKILLS, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING ON NEW STUDENT
Authors: Wardani Ria
Published: September 2020

This study aims to determine the academic hardiness of new students and use a model that integrates transformational coping, social support, and psychological well-being. As individuals undergoing a period of educational transition, new students need to adapt to the requirements and academic tasks that are different from schooling and insist on them to demonstrate their strong persistence personalities and develop their psychological well-being. This study uses a non-experimental cross-sectional research design. A total of 237 participants filled out the academic hardiness, skills, and psychological well-being questionnaire, and the data were analyzed with SEM version 8.80. The test results show that academic hardiness plays a direct role in developing participant's psychological well-being. Even though academic hardiness plays a role in developing transformational coping and social support skills, both skills do not play a role in fostering psychological well-being. These results indicate that commitment - control - and challenges that reveal participants' ability to adapt to the new academic demands can improve their individual ability to demonstrate their fully functioning self or fully functioning person in completing academic demands and tolerating pressures. However, a similar role does not find transformational coping skills and social support skills as the product of academic hardiness. The skill level does not determine the development of the participant's psychological well-being.
Identification of Iron Oxides and Effects of Magnetic Materials Washing for Sand Iron Jomblom Beach Using Sonochemical Methods
Authors: Prasdiantika Ricka , Agustin Niyar Candra , Rohman Abdul
Published: August 2020

This study aims to prepare iron sand, determine the type of iron oxide, and determine the effect of washing iron sand with sonochemical methods. Iron sand samples were obtained from Jomblom Beach, Kendal Regency. Iron sand was separated using an external magnet to obtain magnetic material. The magnetic material obtained was washed using distilled water manually stirred and using the sonochemical method. The material was dried at 80 °C. Material characterization was carried out using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) to determine the elements contained in iron sand, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrophotometer to identify functional groups in iron sand, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to find out the crystal size and crystallinity of iron sand, and the Transmission Electron microscope (TEM) to determine the morphology of iron sand. The characterization results showed that the iron sand of Jomblom Beach contained Fe (72.28%), Ti (7.89%), Al (7.00%), and Si (7.60%). The iron oxide contained in the Jomblom Beach iron sand was dominated by magnetite (Fe3O4). Washing iron sand magnetic material using the sonochemical method increased the composition of the element Fe, increased the crystallinity of the magnetic material, prevented aggregation, and reduced the crystal size of the magnetic material. Magnetic material which was washed using the sonochemical method produced 79.47% Fe element, crystallinity 74.94%, and crystal size 52.78 nm.
Evaluation of Domestic Wastewater as a Basis for the Design of Communal Domestic Wastewater Installation of Kandang Kampong, Condongcatur Village, Yogyakarta
Authors: Utami Ayu , Nugroho Nandra Eko , Febriyanti Salam Via , Anom Thamzez Nuur , Muhaimin Ahmad
Published: August 2020

As population increases, domestic wastewater generated will increase as well. Domestic wastewater needs to be treated properly so as not to pollute the recipient's water body. Kampung Kandang already has a communal domestic wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) to treat domestic wastewater generated by citizens. The problem from the citizens is that the WWTP needs to be rehabilitated because the amount of sludge floating in the first biological treatment tank and still has a disturbing odor. Alternative solution for this problem is by rehabilitating WWTPs so that their functions are more optimal. The purpose of this study was to evaluate domestic wastewater in Kampung Kandang. The methods used in evaluating the wastewater i.e. analysis of primary data, calculation of standard stream evaluation and calculation of removal percentage. Communal Domestic WWTP needs to remove COD, BOD, TSS, Ammonia, and Total Coliforms parameters of 97.7%, 98.9%, 42.7%, 95.6%, and 99.9%. WWTP has already removed the TSS and ammonia. BOD, COD, and total coliform should be reduced by WWTP as much for each parameter are 25, 9%, 35%, and 95, 83%. Wastewater evaluation data can be used as a basis for the design of rehabilitation to be carried out at the Communal Domestic WWTP in Kampung Kandang.
Potential and Effects of Banana Stems as Filter Media in Motor Vehicle Washing Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Kusumawardani Yustika , Subekti Sri , Soehartono Soehartono
Published: August 2020

Wastewater vehicle washing that discharged directly into water bodies can increase pollution levels. Wastewater treatment of small-scale vehicle washing businesses must be efficient, no need large areas, easy to operate and economical. The alternative technology is using simple wastewater filtration system. Banana stems can be used for filter media. Previous studies mention banana stems have cellulose content and have high hygroscopic ability. High cellulose content allows the potential to be used as an absorbent media. Hygroscopic properties are useful for absorbing harmful inorganic chemicals. The study was conducted by making a filtration reactor using banana stem filter media with a variation of residence time and filter media thickness. Sample testing by analyzing COD, TSS and Detergent parameters. The test results significant decrease in TSS and detergent parameters. The highest percentage decrease in TSS reached 91% and detergent 96%. COD decreased during the filtration treatment directly, but after that increased with the length of duration. This is due to biological influence and the high percentage of organic matter and biomass of banana stems. It can be concluded that the banana stem potential as a filter media for direct wastewater treatment and effective in reducing TSS and detergents for washing vehicles wastewater.
Using the Session Rating of Perceived Exertion to Quantify Training Load in a Men's College Soccer Team
Authors: Sams Matt L. , Wagle John P. , Sato Kimitake , DeWeese Brad H. , Sayers Adam L. , Stone Michael H.
Published: August 2020

Sams, ML, Wagle, JP, Sato, K, DeWeese, BH, Sayers, AL, and Stone, MH. Using the session rating of perceived exertion to quantify training load in a men's college soccer team. J Strength Cond Res 34(10): 2793–2799, 2020—The purpose of this study was to examine the training load (TL) programming of 3 training groups of a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I men's college soccer team across a season. Thirty athletes were classified as starters (S), substitutes (NS), or redshirts (RS) based on the percentage of possible minutes played during the season. Training load was quantified at the season, phasic, and weekly levels by the session rating of perceived exertion. Between-group differences were observed at the season level (p < 0.001), and group-by-time interactions for average weekly TL were found at both the phasic (p = 0.04) and weekly levels (p < 0.001). In general, S accumulated greater TL than NS (effect size range for all analyses: −0.59 < d < 1.91) and RS (0.17 < d < 3.67), and NS accumulated greater TL than RS (−0.54 < d < 2.34). Within-group variation at the phasic level was less apparent (−0.35 < d < 1.44); however, all 3 groups displayed training variation at the weekly level (−1.80 < d < 3.24). The session rating of perceived exertion can serve as a low-cost, valid means of quantifying TL in men's college soccer athletes. Practitioners should be especially aware of the possibility of insufficient loading in NS.
What are the forms of crimes against the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia in the Penal Code? A Book Review 'Kejahatan terhadap Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia', Adami Chazawi & Ardi Ferdian, Sinar Grafika, 186 Pages, ISBN 978-979-007-771-3
Authors: Rante Lembang Alviona Anggita
Published: August 2020

Criminal Acts against State Security in Chapter I of Book II of the Penal Code (KUHP), are criminal groups that protect the legal interests regarding national safety and security of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. The forms of crimes against state security, which are protected by the provisions of Chapter I of Book II, are fundamental legal interests of the life process of the state in Indonesia. From the condition of preserving legal interests is an important factor in efforts to bring the Indonesian people to a comfortable and peaceful, justice, and prosperous life which is the goal of establishing the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia in 1945. Since the Indonesian nation's independence and sovereignty, there have been repeated incidents of attacks and rape in the interests of the life law of the nation and state of the Republic of Indonesia., such as the first PKI rebellion (MUSO in Madiun 1948); Kartosuwiryo in West Java (1949); PRRI in Sumatra (1958); PERMESTA in Sulawesi (1957); RMS in Maluku (1950); the second betrayal of the PKI (30-S / PKI); and there is still no end to interference with the population of Papua by the Free Papua Separatists.Criminal Law in Chapter I of Book II of the Penal Code is a legal instrument as a preventive and repressive tool to fight and overcome rape / attacks on the interests of the national law, security and safety of the Republic of Indonesia.
Understanding the Unlawful Acts (Problems and Challenges) A Book Review ‘Perbuatan Melanggar Hukum’, Prof. Dr. R. Wirjono Prodjodikoro, SH., CV Mandar Maju, Bandung, 108 Pages, ISBN 978-979-538-470-0
Authors: Nababan Natanael Andra Jaya
Published: August 2020

Book witen by Prof Dr. R. Wirjono Prodjodikoro, Wirjono was bor in Surakarta, Dutch East Indies, on 15 June 1903. After completing his primary education, he attended the Rechtsschool I in Batavia, graduating in 1922. He then became a judge, later taking time to study at Leiden University in Leiden, Netherlands. This book talks about acts that can violate laws which are viewed from the point of civil law. I The term "unlawrful acts" in general is very broad meaning that is if the word "law" is used in the broadest sense and the matter of legal conduct viewed from all angles. Now the act of violating the law will be discussed smply because there are consequences and solutions that are regulated by the Civil Code in the broadest sense, which includes commercial law. This needs to be stated I here, because Article 102 of the Provisional Constitution distinguishes Civil Law from Commercial Law.
The Geo-Politics for Preventing Human Trafficking in Indonesia: A Lesson Learn from Maritime State
Authors: Ramadhan Muhammad Pathan , Sulistyanti Jihan Syahida
Published: August 2020

In this modern era, the borders between one country and another began to disappear. The existence of this condition full of freedom facilitates the occurrence of human trafficking. Human trafficking is a very complex problem. Like Indonesia, along with the development of the times, the threat of human trafficking has increased. The swift flow of globalization and the very strategic geographical conditions and with the vast sea area allows Indonesia as an area traversed by international human trafficking routes. To address this problem, for the sake of the safety and comfort of Indonesian citizens, it is necessary to apply a total and integrated problem-solving model, especially in the maritime field.
Parliamentary Threshold and Political Rights Limitation: A Human Rights Perspective
Authors: Kholis Nur
Published: August 2020

Parliamentary threshold or political party threshold to occupy the people's representatives in parliament is a provision that has been regulated in the law. Article 414 paragraph (1) of Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections regulates the existence of a parliamentary threshold. This means that the parliamentary threshold is legal. Especially based on legal considerations of the Constitutional Court in the Constitutional Court Decision Number 3 / PUU-VII / 2009 and Constitutional Court Decision Number 20/PUU-XVI/2018, the parliamentary threshold is an open legal policy so that it can be said to be constitutional. But in reality the application of the parliamentary threshold limits political rights. The limitation of political rights occurs to participants and voters in the General Election.
Between the Protection and Humanity: The Implementation of Ultimum Remedium Principle in Immigration Cases
Authors: Bahari Alamsyah
Published: August 2020

Global population mobility has an impact on legal aspects, especially in the case of immigration matters. Increased mobility of migration flows also has various impacts, not only positive but also negative impacts, for example changing the pattern of crime from domestic crime to transnational crime, from individual crime to group crime, from unorganized crime to organized (organized crime). Various administrative and criminal sanctions are applied to many immigration offenders. This paper examines in depth the application of the principle of ultimum remidium in criminal law for criminal acts of immigration in Indonesia. This study aims to find out and understand how the ultimum remedium principle is applied in Law Number 6 of 2011 concerning Immigration. In addition, this study also aims to find out and understand the factors that cause Immigration Officers to use Administrative Sanction Acts or Criminal sanctions in Law Number 6 of 2011 concerning Immigration, as well as to know and understand Immigration law enforcement practices in Law Number 6 of 2011 concerning Immigration in Indonesia. This research has confirmed and underlined that the application of administrative sanctions in the form of deportation and fines will complete the immigration legal process quickly, simply and at a modest cost and applying relatively high fines can benefit the country, hence the benchmarks for the principle of ultimum remedium can be applied in the Law Law No. 6 of 2011 concerning Immigration.
Legal Consequences of Official Appointment of Non Government Civil Servants Head District
Authors: Lainsamputty Natanel
Published: August 2020

The administration of the Negeri government in Salahutu Sub-district of Maluku District was in the middle of a government vacuum, so the provision of positions carried out in practice appointed the acting head of the Negeri government who was not a civil servant from the district / city environment. This issue is clearly in conflict with applicable laws and regulations. So this research aims to analyze the appointment of the acting head of the Negeri government that is not of civil servants and how the legal consequences. The concept of appointing an official to fill the government vacancy in the village or what is called by another name, is to carry out government functions related to public services and development, so that the civil servants are competent.
Nurturing the Collective Memory of Plantation Traces
Authors: Damanik Erond Litno
Published: August 2020

The article aims to explore and to discuss strategies for nurturing collective memory and identity in Medan City. The problem is focused on strategies to care for the collective memory and identity of the city while preserving cultural heritage buildings in Medan City. The theoretical references used are the collective memory and city identity approaches of Kusno. The study found that the collective memory and identity of the plantation are attached to the grandeur of the shape and variety of building architecture. The variety of architecture refers to masterpieces of internationally renowned architects, while the forms and patterns represent the climate, aesthetics, and success of the plantation. Novelty studies that the lack of protection of cultural heritage buildings has implications for the waning of collective memory and city identity. Economic and business battles, lack of government political will, and synergy with the private sector have an impact on the destruction of cultural heritage buildings. Cultural heritage buildings are an integral part of the history of Medan City with plantations. The study concluded that maintaining collective memory and plantation identity is a preservation activity of cultural heritage buildings. The strategy of nurturing for cultural heritage buildings is not enough through local regulations, utilization as public spaces, but also providing incentives for cultural heritage building owners. Artikel bertujuan mengeksplorasi dan mendiskusikan strategi merawat memori kolektif dan identitas perkebunan di Kota Medan. Permasalahan difokuskan pada strategi merawat memori kolektif dan identitas kota sekaligus melestarikan bangunan pusaka budaya di Kota Medan. Acuan teoritis dipergunakan adalah  pendekatan memori kolektif dan identitas kota dari Kusno. Kajian menemukan bahwa memori kolektif dan identitas perkebunan terlampir pada kemegahan bentuk dan ragam arsitektur bangunan. Ragam arsitektur menunjuk pada mahakarya arsitek kenamaan mancanegara; sedang bentuk dan pola merepresentasi iklim, estetika dan keberhasilan perkebunan. Novelty kajian bahwa kurangnya perlindungan bangunan pusaka budaya berimplikasi bagi memudarnya memori kolektif dan identitas kota. Pertarungan ekonomi dan bisnis, kurangnya political-will pemerintah serta sinergi dengan swasta berdampak bagi pemusnahan bangunan pusaka budaya. Bangunan pusaka budaya merupakan bagian integral sejarah Kota Medan dengan perkebunan. Kajian menyimpulkan bahwa memelihara memori kolektif dan identitas perkebunan adalah aktifitas pelestarian bangunan pusaka budaya. Strategi merawat bangunan pusaka budaya tidak cukup melalui Peraturan Daerah, pemamfaatan sebagai ruang publik, tetapi juga pemberian insentif bagi pemilik bangunan pusaka budaya.
Nobility and Land System in the Pre-Colonial Era of the Surakarta and Yogyakarta Kingdoms
Authors: Sugiyarto Sugiyarto , Supriyono Agustinus , Hartatik Endah Sri
Published: August 2020

This article discusses apanage land belonging to the village heads, which is a legacy of the land system in the era of pre-colonial Surakarta and Yogyakarta kingdoms or what is termed as Vorstenlanden. This paper is aimed to find out how the feudal and nobility system in Java, which in the colonial era was very vulnerable to intervention and politics of splitting or fighting. To answering this question, a study will be conducted on the history of the Islamic Mataram kingdom until the era of Surakarta and Yogyakarta, en focusing on the analysis of the apanage and nobility systems. The method used is a historical method that consists of four steps, namely, heuristics, textual criticism, interpretation, and historiography. This research shows high officials and royal aristocrats have the power and the right to collect land tax and labor. A decline in the degree of nobility in Java will also affect the extent or amount of apanage land obtained. In the other side, the peasant only enjoy a small portion of the results of working on land or rice fields. Artikel ini membahas tentang tanah apanage milik para kepala desa yang merupakan     peninggalan sistem pertanahan di era pra-kolonial kerajaan Surakarta dan Yogyakarta atau yang disebut dengan Vorstenlanden. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana sistem feodal dan bangsawan di Jawa yang pada masa penjajahan sangat rentan terhadap intervensi dan politik perpecahan atau perkelahian. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, dilakukan studi tentang sejarah kerajaan Mataram Islam hingga era Surakarta dan Yogyakarta, dengan fokus pada analisis sistem bangsawan dan bangsawan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah yang terdiri dari empat tahapan yaitu heuristik, kritik tekstual, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Penelitian ini menunjukkan pejabat tinggi dan bangsawan kerajaan memiliki kekuasaan dan hak untuk memungut pajak tanah dan tenaga kerja. Penurunan derajat kebangsawanan di Jawa juga akan mempengaruhi luasan atau jumlah rata-rata tanah yang diperoleh. Di sisi lain, petani hanya menikmati sebagian kecil dari hasil menggarap lahan atau sawah.
The Brantas River Crisis: the Sand Mining Problem and the Search for Solution
Authors: Nawiyanto Nawiyanto , Krisnadi IG , Endrayadi Eko Crys , Handayani Sri Ana , Salindri Dewi , Calvaryni Nina Mutiara
Published: August 2020

This article examines the dynamics of power relations in the Brantas River sand mining and its influences on the fate of the most important river of East Java. By relying on archival sources, contemporary newspapers, and oral history interviews, it is argued that the Brantas river crisis occurred due to the acceleration of sand extractions facilitated by improved extraction technology in the form of mechanical sand extracting machines and the growing demand for sand for infrastructure development. Automated sand mining caused damage to infrastructure and settlements in various places along the river from downstream areas that continue to creep upstream, as well as the loss of biodiversity richness. The search for a solution has been going on for some time but failed to stop mining and bring the Brantas River out of the crisis. The failure occurred not because of the absence of a legal protection, but the difficulty of implementing regulations in the field due to the involvement of unscrupulous officials and politicians in the Brantas sand business, as well as the temptation of large and comfortable profits from mining that lured sand miners amid the limited available alternative sources of livelihood. Artikel ini membahas dinamika relasi kuasa dalam penambangan pasir Sungai Brantas dan pengaruhnya terhadap nasib sungai terpenting di Jawa Timur in. Dengan mengandalkan sumber arsip, surat kabar kontemporer, dan wawancara sejarah lisan, diargumentasikan bahwa krisis sungai Brantas terjadi karena percepatan ekstraksi pasir yang difasilitasi oleh perubahan teknologi ekstraksi dalam bentuk mesin diesel penyedot pasir mekanis dan meningkatnya permintaan akan pasir untuk pengembangan infrastruktur. Penambangan pasir mekanis menyebabkan kerusakan infrastruktur dan permukiman di berbagai tempat di sepanjang sungai dari daerah hilir yang terus merambat ke hulu, serta hilangnya kekayaan keanekaragaman hayati. Pencarian solusi telah berlangsung selama beberapa waktu, tetapi gagal menghentikan penambangan dan membawa Sungai Brantas keluar dari krisis. Kegagalan itu terjadi bukan karena tidak adanya payung hukum, tetapi kesulitan menerapkan peraturan di lapangan karena keterlibatan pejabat dan politisi yang tidak bermoral dalam bisnis pasir Brantas, serta godaan keuntungan besar dan mudah dari penambangan. memancing para penambang pasir di tengah sumber mata pencaharian alternatif yang tersedia terbatas.
An analysis of the correlation between thyroid nodules and metabolic syndrome
Authors: Hu Ling , Li Ting , Yin Xiao-Ling , Zou Yi
Published: September 2020

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence of thyroid nodules (TN) and metabolic syndrome (MS) and to analyze the correlation between TN and the components of MS.

Methods:

A total of 1526 subjects were divided into two groups: a TN group and a non-thyroid nodules (NTN) group. The height, weight, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose level, fasting plasma insulin level, serum lipid profile, uric acid level, serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level, free triiodothyronine (FT3) level, and free thyroxine (FT4) level of each patient were measured. Insulin resistance (IR) was estimated by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Fatty liver and TN were detected by color Doppler ultrasonography.

Results:

(i) The overall prevalence of TN was 39.5%; it was significantly higher in women than in men (P < 0.01) and progressively increased with age in both sexes. (ii) The overall prevalence of MS was 25.6%; it was significantly higher in men than in women (P < 0.01) and progressively increased with age in both sexes. (iii) FT3 was significantly lower in the TN group than in the NTN group (P < 0.01). (iv) BMI, triglycerides, and HOMA-IR were higher in the TN group than in the NTN group (P < 0.05). (v) The existence of TN was significantly associated with overweight/obesity (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.024–1.089), and with insulin resistance (IR) (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.645–2.368), after adjusting for age and sex.

Conclusions:

The prevalence of thyroid nodules and metabolic syndrome in the Nanchang area increases with age, and overweight/obesity and IR in patients are associated with thyroid nodules.
Universidad, educación y crítica de la globalización
Authors: Juliao Vargas Carlos Germán
Published: September 2020

Desde la filosofía social se aborda la noción de la universidad como algo cambiante, buscando los conceptos de desarrollo humano y social adecuados a la educación superior. Ello lleva a la pregunta por el currículo para el nuevo milenio, en el contexto de una sociedad globalizada. Se aprecian dos corrientes de pensamiento de la sociedad moderna que se contradicen entre sí, pero que son concurrentes: la de la competencia operacionaly la de la competencia académica, y sus consecuencias para el currículo universitario. Se concluye que para salir de la disyuntiva es necesaria una acertada y adecuada comprensión de lo que es la acción, la praxis humana y cómo la educación superior deberá disponerse para impulsar el mundo de la vida cotidiana.
Derechos humanos y educación en el ámbito de la globalización
Authors: Chaustre Avendaño Alvaro
Published: September 2020

Este escrito trata de abordar la situación actual de los derechos humanos en nuestro país, particularmente del derecho a la educación, a partir de la lectura de unos con textos específicos: la escuela básica y la Universidad en el ámbito de la globalización. Desde las perspectivas de la formación ciudadana y la responsabilidad social de las instituciones educativas se plantean algunas reflexiones ético-pedagógicas y se mencionan algunas sugerencias frente al imperativo de la reconstrucción democrática del tejido social en Colombia.
Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de familias de adolescentes con discapacidad cognitiva en sexualidad y afectividad
Authors: Polanco Valenzuela Mauricio , Martín Ayala Juan Luis
Published: September 2020

Este artículo parte de la reflexión acerca de la vulneración de derechos de las personas con discapacidad, al desconocer que la sexualidad y afectividad también son fundamentales en sus vidas y configuran el ejercicio de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos; sin embargo, se han logrado importantes avances para su reconocimiento como sujetos titulares de derechos y generado múltiples normas que reivindican su titularidad y garantía; no obstante, estudios adelantados en Colombia y en el mundo, evidencian la persistencia de barreras fundamentadas en el desconocimiento, discriminación y falsas creencias sobre dichos aspectos de las personas con discapacidad. El interés del estudio fue indagar mediante una encuesta, los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de padres, madres y cuidadores de adolescentes con discapacidad cognitiva de una institución educativa especializada de Bogotá, para que los resultados contribuyan a fortalecer capacidades de las familias y de instituciones con acciones pedagógicas que fomenten la garantía de derechos y el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de esta población.
¿Cómo perciben los adolescentes de la ciudad de Buenos Aires su futuro? Una mirada desde sus actores.
Authors: Molina María Fernanda , Gimenez Mariel , Raimundi María Julia , Leibovich de Figueroa Nora , Schmidt Vanina
Published: September 2020

La forma en que los adolescentes perciben su futuro tiene una gran importancia en su desarrollo positivo. Este trabajo se propone conocer y comprender cómo un grupo de adolescentes escolarizados de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires percibe su futuro. Se realizó un estudio de tipo exploratorio-descriptivo con metodología cualitativa y un diseño transversal. Se trabajó con una muestra intencional de 24 adolescentes (M = 16.10; DE = 1.10) de ambos sexos (mujeres = 54,20 %). Se realizaron entrevistas individuales y grupos focales. Se realizó un análisis de contenido temático con los datos recolectados. Se encontraron dos grandes temas respecto de la percepción del futuro en los adolescentes. El primero se refiere a la imagen que los adolescentes tienen de su futuro. Sus componentes son: valoración, contenido y grado de claridad de la imagen del futuro. El segundo hace referencia a la forma en que los adolescentes construyen su futuro. Sus componentes son: ocuparse del futuro, entornos en los que los adolescentes construyen su futuro, influencia de la familia y valoración del proyecto. Un hallazgo emergente es que los adolescentes difieren en la descripción que hacen de ellos mismos, de sus pares cercanos o de los otros adolescentes en general.
Aportes y contribuciones a la integración de sistemas de gestión: una visión internacional de la ISG 2015
Authors: Cuevas Castañeda Adriana Leonor
Published: September 2020

La constante necesidad de las organizaciones de desarrollar sus operaciones con competitividad, eficacia y eficiencia, ha jalonado la necesidad de pensarlas y gestionarlas con un sistema integrado; sin embargo, una empresa enfrenta muchos desafíos al operar simultáneamente los requisitos de varios sistemas, y es aquí, donde la literatura no ofrece mayor ayuda ni información técnica. En tal sentido, este artículo realiza una revisión sistemática de publicaciones del año 2015, con el fin de hacer un acercamiento a los factores de éxito, las restricciones, los métodos y las características de un sistema integrado de gestión. Se concluye que, desde una perspectiva operativa, la integración de sistemas de gestión radica en la combinación y la alineación de todas las prácticas internas de gestión en un único sistema, es decir, en un sistema global de gestión. Se entendería que existe integración si se cumplen las 14 condiciones relacionadas en las conclusiones de esta investigación.
Research Capabilities among Selected Graduate School Students in Philippines
Authors: Agatep John Lenon E. , Villalobos Roy N.
Published: September 2020

With the increasing demand for quality research to cope up with the industry trends, understanding the need among researchers should primarily be established to further improve capacity and practices over the production of theoretical knowledge. Essential to support is the notion of exploring issues then stimulate the concern. This study established the concern on research capabilities among Graduate School student-respondents at President Ramon Magsaysay State University conducted during the First Semester School Year 2018-2019. The study made used of descriptive research design with survey questionnaire as the main research instrument. The data was processed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. The study concludes that respondents perceived their capabilities in writing research proposal and publishable research paper both as “Moderately Capable”. The respondents perceived the availability of facilities, time, training, funding, other resources and support from agency in doing research as “Moderately Available”. The analysis of variance test revealed that  there is significant difference on the research capabilities of respondents in writing research proposal when grouped according to position and highest educational attainment; significant in writing publishable research paper when grouped according to sex, position and research seminars/trainings attended; significant in the  availability of facilities, time, training, funding, other resources and support from agency in doing research when grouped according to sex, position and research seminars/trainings attended.
Hemosorption by a Column Adsorber Based on Hyper-Cross-Linked Styrene-Divinylbenzene Copolymer with Immobilized Lipopolysaccharide-Selective Ligand in Combined Intensive Care of Lung Cancer-Related Postoperative Acute Lung Injury (Case Report)
Authors: Ushakova N. D. , Tikhonova S. N. , Rozenko D. A.
Published: August 2020

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a serious challenge in the contemporary reanimatology due to its prevalence, versatility of pathogenesis mechanisms, and continuously high mortality. The development of an uncontrolled cascade of systemic inﬂammation reactions, ‘cytokine storm’, followed by multiple organ failure (MOF) is an essential pathophysiological trigger of acute lung injury. Besides, critically ill patients are characterized by a relative intestinal ischemia, wherein, according to the ‘intestine-lung axis’ concept that treats intestinal and pulmonary epithelium as a continuous surface, translocation of bacteria and/or endotoxin directly into blood ﬂow might occur. Extracorporeal removal of excessively produced inﬂammatory response mediators and endotoxin (bacterial lipopolysaccharide, LPS) from systemic circulation by selective hemosorption might represent a life-saving approach in sepsis.

Purpose: to evaluate the eﬃcacy of selective sorption in a combined therapy for acute lung injury related to postoperative injury after lung cancer surgery.

Results. A single 4-hour selective sorption procedure in the combined therapy of a critically ill postoperative patient produced fast (within 24 hrs.) eﬀects: decreased leukocytosis (the leukocyte count fell down from 32X109 to 13X109, L-1) and endotoxin activity (EAA — from 0.67 to 0.32, units), reduced blood plasma anti-inﬂammatory cytokine (IL-6 — from 1860 to 62, pg/ml) and procalcitonin (PCT — from 46 to 0.32, ng/ml), recovery of gas exchange, discontinuation of hemodynamic support with pressor amines as no longer needed (as early as 2 hours after sorption).

Conclusion. The clinical case of a successful therapy including selective sorption based on hyper-crosslinked styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer with immobilized LPS-selective ligand warrants further clinical studies on the eﬃciency of a novel selective hemosorption column use to correct post-radical respiratory complications in oncological patients.
Evaluation of tax audit strategies
Authors: Giriūnienė Gintarė , Benetytė Raminta
Published: September 2020

It should be noted that the tax audit topic is relevant – during the last years quantity of tax audits accomplished by state authorities is still growing. Especially in this way is attempted to combat against tax avoidance and evasion, informal economy prevailed in the country. For committing it only helps to have regular inspections of taxpayers i.e. tax audits. Tax audits are divided under the verification time, as it is classified into a complex, a thematic inspection and an operational check. However, despite the existing differences between the various types of tax audit, a key moment of choosing strategy is a tax audit organization. In practice there are distinguished two tax audit strategies – “line-plane-point“ and “point-line-plane“. The first one indicates that before the initial analysis of data examination, it is necessary to investigate whether the company's tax accounting does not have indications for increased risk of error existence. For its practical application is necessary to execute a thorough collection and analysis of the evidence, and the most important is objective and correct assessment of indicators for an increased risk of errors. For this purpose suspicious taxpayers usually are selected and under the tax audit all of the data that can distort selected dubious indicators are checked. In application of the second strategy, if the execution of a company is suspected of tax evasion, it will be forwarded to the additional tax audit services, which will continue the investigation and will explore the additional information. Accomplished practical research have shown that the more of these indicators are observed during initial tax audit stage, the “point-line-plane“ method is more likely to be chosen. Accordingly, to choose one or another tax strategy correctly and adapt it properly it is necessary to take into account the indicators linked to the need for a tax audit.
Assessment of bringing in the progressive income taxation in Lithuania
Authors: Melnykaitė Monika , Ramanauskaitė Agnė
Published: September 2020

Lately discussions of bringing in the progressive income taxation in Lithuania are increasing. Consensus on this issue in the society is not reached, thus this article aims to reveal the need for the reform of direct taxation in the Republic of Lithuania and to consider aspects of the project of proposed input of the progressive income tax rate and possible consequences of implementing. The aim of the research is to assess the need and initiatives of bringing in the progressive income taxation in Lithuania. This paper describes the theoretical basis for progressive taxation and discloses the need for the reform of direct taxation in the Republic of Lithuania; and assesses the aspects of the project of proposed input of the progressive income tax rate in Lithuania as well as compares them with other countries in the European Union. The results of the research. It is found that the bringing in the progressive income tax rate should be properly reasoned, and the system of the progressive tax rate establishment should be based on calculations and empirical studies; because it can have both positive (short-term) and negative (long-term) impact on the national economy. After the comparison of the proposed system of the progressive tax rate establishment in Lithuania with systems in other countries of the European Union it was revealed that the Lithuanian one could be improved. The main disadvantage of this system is that it does not reduce the payable income tax of lower-income people. Based on the results of the calculations it was established that in order to improve the system of Lithuania it should be taken into the account the system of United Kingdom. Because it is simple and easy to understand, and the government gets the opportunity to correct the non-taxable amount and income ranges according to the tendencies of economic ratios.