bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementing automated subject selection methodology in an epidemiological survey using open source application, Open Data Kit (ODK) (Preprint)
Authors: Parasuraman Ganeshkumar , Ramasamy Sabarinathan , D Chokkalingam , Urs Vinay , Amarchand Ritvik , N Sureshkumar , H Dineshkumar , R Chandrasekar , Agarwal Naveen
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND

Data collection in field-based public health research influences the quality and outcome of the research which in turn aids in developing evidence-based policymaking. As conventional data collection methods are either consume more time or more resources, usage of the cost-effective technology solution is required. Open Data Kit (ODK), the open-source application being designed for an Android-based platform is one such solution to electronic data collection.

OBJECTIVE

To demonstrate the functionality of ODK in implementing subject selection algorithm Kish methodology in epidemiological research studies

METHODS

Subject selection algorithms in field-based surveys are done manually and one such algorithm is Kish algorithm. Incorporating subject selection algorithm electronically in ODK application was not either tested or reported in the literature. We developed an application framework to build-in Kish grid algorithm in ODK application

RESULTS

The process and steps for setting up subject selection Kish algorithm to embed in ODK application are explained with syntax function. The application displayed the selected eligible adult on the screen after it runs the syntax function based on the Kish algorithm in the backend

CONCLUSIONS

ODK is an enterprise architecture, which is identified to develop a mobile application for a community based public health survey. The application would reduce the time taken for selecting and completing the interview of study participants. Ever a minor change like spell check on form mandates complete XML generation in ODK application and requires to update the existing entire application
Developing a Data Dashboard Framework for Population Health Surveillance: Widening Access to Clinical Trial Findings (Preprint)
Authors: Concannon David , Herbst Kobus , Manley Ed
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND

Population surveillance sites generate many datasets relevant to disease surveillance. However, there is a risk that these data are underutilized because of the volumes of data gathered and the lack of means to quickly disseminate analysis. Data visualization offers a means to quickly disseminate, understand, and interpret datasets, facilitating evidence-driven decision making through increased access to information.

OBJECTIVES

This paper describes the development and evaluation of a framework for data dashboard design, to visualize datasets produced at a demographic health surveillance site. The aim of this research was to produce a comprehensive, reusable, and scalable dashboard design framework to fit the unique requirements of the context.

METHODS

The framework was developed and implemented at a demographic surveillance platform at the Africa Health Research Institute, in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. This context represents an exemplar implementation for the use of data dashboards within a population health-monitoring setting. Before the full launch, an evaluation study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of the dashboard framework as a data communication and decision-making tool. The evaluation included a quantitative task evaluation to assess usability and a qualitative questionnaire exploring the attitudes to the use of dashboards.

RESULTS

The evaluation participants were drawn from a diverse group of users working at the site (n=20), comprising of community members, nurses, scientific and operational staff. Evaluation demonstrated high usability for the dashboard across user groups, with scientific and operational staff having minimal issues in completing tasks. There were notable differences in the efficiency of task completion among user groups, indicating varying familiarity with data visualization. The majority of users felt that the dashboards provided a clear understanding of the datasets presented and had a positive attitude to their increased use.

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, this exploratory study indicates the viability of the data dashboard framework in communicating data trends within population surveillance setting. The usability differences among the user groups discovered during the evaluation demonstrate the need for the user-led design of dashboards in this context, addressing heterogeneous computer and visualization literacy present among the diverse potential users present in such settings. The questionnaire highlighted the enthusiasm for increased access to datasets from all stakeholders highlighting the potential of dashboards in this context.
CAN A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE GIVE LONGER AND HEALTHIER LIVES EQUALLY TO MEN AND WOMEN? IS THERE SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE? A NEW STUDY SAYS: YES, BUT NOT EQUALLY!
Authors: Shabsigh Ridwan
Published: June 2018

NA
Gestión pública y ciudadanía: una reflexión en torno a las teorías sobre la democracia.
Authors: Reyes Fernández Natalia , Ortiz Hernández Mateo
Published: June 2018

Se realiza un análisis en torno a la concepción del ciudadano en los modelos de gestión pública, y cómo estos son determinados por el tipo de democracia que predomina en los Estados contemporáneos. Consta de tres partes: 1) elementos principales de la democracia liberal y republicana, 2) cómo se materializan estos elementos en la Nueva Gobernanza y el Nuevo Servicio Público, 3) cómo estos modelos configuran diferentes tipos de ciudadano. Finalmente, se haceuna invitación a replantear la llamada crisis de la democracia, proponiendo el fortalecimiento de modelos que conciban un ciudadano activo, que agencie sus problemas de forma comunitaria.
Cancer Related Fatigue and Upper Limb Disabilities Cannot Improve after 6 Weeks Resistance Training with Thera-Band in Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Nouri Reza , Braumann Klaus Michaeil , Mahmoudieh ChamPiri Bahareh , Schröder Jan , Akochakian Mahdieh
Published: June 2018

Aim. Breast cancer and its treatments lead to cancer related fatigue and upper limb disabilities. On the other hand, resistance training has positive benefits for breast cancer survivors. Thus, the aim of present study was to clarify the effect of resistance training with Thera – Band on CRF and upper limb disabilities in breast cancer survivors. Methods. Fifty women with breast cancer aged 29-65 were divided in to 2 groups: 1) resistance training with Thera- Band group (n=25) and 2) control group (n=25). Resistance training with Thera- Band group, after 5 minutes warm up, were performed the 9 resistance training with Thera – Band, from 8 to 12 repetitions and 2 sets in the first two weeks, 8 to 12 repetitions and 3 sets in the second two weeks and 8 to 12 repetitions and 4 sets in the third two weeks. The rest between each set was started from 90 seconds in the first week and was decreased to 45 seconds in the sixth week. Control group didn’t have any supervised or regular physical activity. Cancer related fatigue (CRF) and upper limb disabilities were surveyed by Piper Fatigue Scale and DASH questionnaire, respectively.  Data were analyzed using by 2-way ANOVA (p≤0.05).  Statistical Results. The findings of this study demonstrated that 6 weeks resistance training by Thera – Band has no significant effect on CRF and upper limb disabilities (p≥0.05). Conclusion. It can be concluded that exercise training with Thera- Band for 6 weeks cannot improve CRF and upper limb disabilities in breast cancer survivors. Future studies with large sample size and long period of intervention is suggested.
Comparative analysis of using degree of rigidity and rotational stiffness of connections in structural design
Authors: Zivkovic Srdjan , Spasojevic-Surdilovic Marija , Turnic Dragana , Milosevic Marko
Published: June 2018

Using classical formulation of stiffness method, impact of semi-rigid
connections on the stresses and strains can be analyzed by the degree of
rigidity or by rotational stiffness of connections. In this paper,
functional dependence between the degree of rigidity and rotational
stiffness of connections is formulated and the comparative analysis of these
two approaches in the analysis of semi-rigid connections behavior of members
in real structures, is implemented.
Rainfall-runoff simulation for design flood estimation in small river catchments
Authors: Ilic Aleksandra , Plavsic Jasna , Radivojevic Dragan
Published: June 2018

This paper presents development and application of the model aimed at
simulating peak flood runoff from the small river basin Obnica in Serbia
(having an area of 185 km2) with an aim to estimate design floods using
different approaches. The model is developed using the HEC-HMS software (The
United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Hydrologic Centre?s Hydrologic
Modelling System). The model is calibrated against eight events with observed
hydrographs and corresponding rainfall, and verified with a separate set of
events. Flood hydrographs are simulated with the constant intensity design
storms of various durations and with the 24-hour design storm with design
hyetograph determined using the alternating block method. All design floods
obtained from the simulated hydrograph peaks are compared with the design
floods estimated by statistical analysis of annual maximum flows. The results
have shown that the temporally distributed 24-hour storms yield the design
floods that are the closest to the statistically derived design flows, while
the constant intensity storms cannot reproduce the statistically derived
design flows.
Erratum
Authors: Editorial E
Published: June 2018

Erratum In the paper entitled "Structure and Function of Yeast Alcohol
Dehydrogenase" by Svetlana Trivic and Vladimir Leskovac published in J.
Serb. Chem. Soc. Vol. 65. No. 4 (2000) Table 5 on page 213 should be
replaced with: TABLE V. Primary structure of the three isoenzymes of yeast
alcohol dehydrogenase.

 Link to the corrected article 10.2298/JSC0004207T
A Developmental Milestones Map of Type 1 Diabetes Self-Management Transition From Parents to Adolescents
Authors: Trudeau Bobby , Trudeau Cameron , Polfuss Michele Lynn , Sullivan-Bolyai Susan
Published: June 2018

Transitional diabetes self-management (DSM) for children and their families is complicated. This article was undertaken to provide an exemplar of DSM strategies used by one family that were based on developmental milestones from preschool through college age. Two brothers who were both diagnosed with type 1 diabetes before the age of 2 years reflected on how their parents began a DSM navigation process during their early preschool years. Personal strategies and recommendations successfully resulted in both youths transitioning to college. With the parents serving as DSM coaches to the boys, an interdependent relationship was built. Key recommendations include 1) starting early, 2) being consistent and flexible, 3) using “invisible actions” and “what ifs,” 4) incorporating technology and community resources into DSM, and 5) building confidence with shared problem-solving.
Evaluation of 3D-printed parts by means of high-performance computer tomography
Authors: Lopez Elena , Felgueiras Tomás , Grunert Christian , Brückner Frank , Riede Mirko , Seidel André , Marquardt Axel , Leyens Christoph , Beyer Eckhard
Published: June 2018

Conventional tactile and optical testing methods are not capable to detect complex inner geometries or complex surface shapes. Detecting porosities in parts is also not possible with those nondestructive methods. Among other material parameters, geometrical accuracy is essential to determine part's quality. Additive manufacturing processes also have to be optimized regarding geometry deviations caused by distortion or unfavorable orientation in the build chamber. For additive manufactured parts that incorporate previously mentioned features, high-performance computer tomography is the more suitable nondestructive testing method. Components of different materials such as plastics, ceramics, composites, or metals can be completely characterized. This nondestructive testing method was used for porosity analysis regarding the shape and local distribution of pores in an additive manufactured part to find correlations concerning the most suitable process conditions. The measured part data were also compared to original CAD files to determine zones of deviation and apply specific process strategies to avoid distortion. This paper discusses the results of integrating high-performance computer tomography (power: 500 W, max. part size: Ø 300 mm, 300 × 430 mm2) in a productionlike environment of additively manufactured parts for a wide range of technologies (i.e., electron beam melting and selective laser melting).
Detecting Care Homes: Using Residential Anonymous Linking Fields to Identify Care Homes in Administrative Data
Authors: Hollinghurst Joe , Akbari Ashley , Fry Richard , Rodgers Sarah
Published: June 2018

BackgroundDemographic profiling is an important aspect of anonymised healthcare research used to identify populations of interest. Typically, administrative data is used in conjunction with patient registers to create cohorts, but it can be a time consuming process.

ObjectivesWe aim to create and apply a method of identifying care homes using existing administrative data. We also aim to test the accuracy of our method by comparing the results to a pseudonymised national care home registry. This will allow us to prove whether proxy methods may be of sufficient accuracy for data linkage research in the future.

Methods (including data)Our method uses quantifiable characteristics from longitudinal data to identify potential care homes. This includes the number and age of occupants, current residence and rate of change of occupancy.

ConclusionsThis method is a reproducible process that would be of particular benefit for projects where a registry is not available, or where time or cost would limit the availability. This method can also be generalised to any communal establishment, where often the identification of vulnerable populations (antibiotic resistance, infectious disease etc.) is particularly beneficial.
Permanently Progressing? Building Secure Futures for Children in Scotland: Pathways and outcomes for looked after children
Authors: Cusworth Linda , Hooper Jade , Biehal Nina , Shapira Marina , Whincup Helen
Published: June 2018

BackgroundEach year many children in Scotland who cannot be cared for by their birth parents become looked after by Local Authorities. Where reunification is not an option, children need to be settled as soon as possible in safe and secure alternative homes. However, more research evidence is needed to guide the placement decisions that are so crucial to children’s wellbeing.

ObjectivesThe Permanently Progressing? study aims to help identify factors that are associated with children achieving a permanent home. The study hopes to inform policy, planning and practice in relation to young children who cannot live with a birth parent.

MethodsUsing the Children Looked After Statistics that are collected by the Scottish Government from all 32 Local Authorities, the study followed a group of children who became ‘looked after and accommodated’ at age five or under (n=1355) in 2012-13. Children’s pathways through the system over a four-year period were investigated and compared to another group of children aged five or under who became ‘looked after’ in the same year but remained with their birth parent(s) at this time (n=481).

FindingsThe paper discusses children’s pathways through the looked after system, together with factors which may influence these pathways, such as age when becoming looked after, number and type of placements, and types of permanence achieved 3-4 years after becoming looked after.

ConclusionsThis longitudinal analysis of administrative data offers unique insights into factors that may influence child welfare system responses to vulnerable children, which will be discussed, along with issues surrounding the difficulties associated with the definition and measurement of outcomes using these data.
Is the Prevention Paradox Useful in Suicide Prevention Theory and Strategies?
Authors: Christoffersen Mogens
Published: June 2018

BackgroundLittle progress has been made in the areas of suicide prediction, explanation, and prevention mainly because of the difficulty inherent in examining a low base-rate behavior such as suicidal behavior.

ObjectivesGeoffrey Rose’s prevention paradox occurs when the majority of cases with an adverse outcome come from a population of low or moderate risk, and only a few from a ‘high risk’ group. The present study intends to test whether the prevention paradox applies to the initiation of suicide attempts.

MethodsChildren born 1980-1985 were followed from age 15 to 29 (N=300,000). Data was analyzed using a discrete-time Cox model to allow for changing covariates over time. From administrative registers a number of variables correlated with suicidal behavior based on suicide prevention theories were collected, and thereby identify a high-risk group. These variables were individual risk factors such as living in a disadvantaged area, parental circumstances and behavior, and individual resource deficits recorded on yearly basis. An event history from birth to adulthood is used to estimate hazards at ages 15 to 29 years. The inclusion of event history information in the statistical model refines the research question: Can we identify a high risk group (<5%) in the population from whom the suicide attempts exclusively recruited?

FindingsFamily background and parental factors such as mental illness, suicidal behavior, violence, unemployment and family separation all contributed independent information to prediction of adolescent’s suicide attempts. The young person’s hospitalization for psychiatric disorder (ADHD, anxiety, depression, severe stress reaction and adjustment disorders) contributed to the explanation model.

Discussion and ConclusionThere are many factors contributing to suicide risk therefore it is challenging to identify a high risk group (<5%) in the population. These findings illustrate that population-based rather than targeted strategies may be more beneficial for suicide prevention.
Influences of cycle facilities on cycling to work
Authors: Feng Zhiqiang , Dibben Chris
Published: June 2018

BackgroundIn recent years, promoting cycling as a means of transport has been put on multiple policy agendas, including health, transport and climate change. Provision of cycling facilities is important in promotion of bicycle use. However, there are no conclusive findings in terms of what cycling facilities are associated with higher levels of bicycle use.

ObjectivesIn this paper we aim to assess the influence of off-road cycle paths and on-road lanes, by examining whether proximity to two types of cycle route is associated to the level of cycling to work. The research findings has potential to provide further evidence on policy interventions in promoting cycling to work through development of new cycling infrastructures.

MethodsThe cycling to work data are from the 2001 and 2011 censuses at the output area level. Proximity to cycling facilities is defined for output areas if they are within 400 metres from their centroid to a cycle route. We fit regression models to examine the association of cycle paths and cycle lanes with levels of cycling to work adjusting for a number of socioeconomic factors.

FindingsThe modelling results show that proximity to off-road paths is associated with increased levels of cycling to work but proximity to on-road lanes shows no effect.

ConclusionsAlthough this is by no means indicative of a causal relationship, this research provides further evidence on the effects of cycle facilities on cycling behaviour, lending support on policy interventions that cycle facilities can be built to promote cycling to work. We will extend this research using the individual level census data which will give us opportunity to overcome the ecological fallacy. In addition we will use coarsened exact matching to identify a control group in order to make causal inference on the effect of cycle paths.
Indicators of adversity recorded in hospitalisation records of children aged less than 5 years or their mothers: a record linkage study of children born in England in 2011
Authors: Mukhtar Toqir , Wijlaars Linda , McGrath-Lone Louise , Gilbert Ruth
Published: June 2018

BackgroundEarly identification of child adversity (comprising abuse, neglect, social or material adversity) is essential to target early interventions to safeguard children, and support vulnerable families. We determined the prevalence of indicators of adversity recorded in diagnostic codes in child and/or maternal hospital admissions in England.

Data SourceAll birth admissions recorded in the NHS in England in 2011, and subsequent admissions up to 5 years old, linked to maternal records from 1 year before to up to 5 years after delivery.

MethodsPrevalence of adversity indicators in child and/or maternal admission records that reflect adversity-related injury (ARI), or social or material adversity (SMA).

ResultsAmong 646,956 live born children, 2.6% (95% CI: 2.6 to 2.7) had at least one adversity indicator by <5 years (0.8% ARI, 2.6% SMA). Cumulative prevalence was 1.1% in children aged <6 months, 1.2% in children aged <1 year, 2.1% by <=2 years, and 2.6% up to 5 years old. Combined prevalence in maternal and/or child records will be presented.

ConclusionTo inform health policy, clinical and prognostic significance of adversity indicators requires evaluation through linkage to health and welfare outcomes.
Tautua a le Niu'
Authors: Filisi Fritz
Published: June 2018

“O le ala i le pule o le tautua” (the pathway to leadership and authority is through service). Tavale (2013, pp. 6-12) referred to this alagaupu (proverb) as the guiding principle that serves our social, political and spiritual structure that is the aiga (family), nu’u (village), creator (Atua) and country.

‘Tautua a le Niu’ is the metaphoric expression of serving our aiga, our nu’u , our creator and country. This service endeavours to illuminate how Indigenous Samoa live in harmony with self and surroundings. My practice is informed by my life experience growing up in Samoa within my Tofaeono Saofa’imatumua aiga, as expressed in the work of Tavale’s (2013) description of tautua and Efi (2007) discussion on harmony in indigenous Samoan aspirations to have harmony with: the cosmos, between man and the environment, between man and fellow men and between man and self.
A Unique Common Fixed Point for an Infinity of Set-Valued Maps
Authors: Bouhadjera Hakima
Published: June 2018

The main purpose of this paper is to establish some common fixed point theorems for single and set-valued maps in complete metric spaces, under contractive conditions by using minimal type commutativity and without continuity. These theorems generalize, extend and improve the result due to Elamrani and Mehdaoui ([2]) and others. Also, common fixed point theorems in metric spaces under strict contractive conditions are given.
Breast and cervical cancer survival in Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Colombia
Authors: Pardo Constanza , De Vries Esther
Published: June 2018

Objective: to provide and compare estimations of two-year overall survival for cervical and female breast cancer in three cohorts (first treated in 2007, 2010, 2012) at the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología of ColombiaMethods: All patients first treated at the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología for breast or cervical cancer in the years 2007, 2010, 2012, without a prior cancer diagnosis, were included for the study. The hospital-based cancer registry was crosslinked with governmental databases to obtain follow-up information on all patients. Probability of surviving 24 months since the date of entry at the hospital was estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods, using the log-rank test to evaluate differences between groups.Results: We analyzed 1,928 breast cancer cases and 1,189 cervical cancer cases, resulting in an overall survival probability at 24 months of 79.6% (95% CI: 77.8-81.4) for BC and of 63.3% (95% CI: 60.6- 66.0) for cervical cancer, there were no differences in survival for year of entry. Advanced clinical stage substantial affected overall survival, being 32.2% (95% CI: 28.4-44.0) for stage IV breast cancer and 22.6% (95% CI: 11.4-33.8) for stage IV cervical cancer.Conclusions: Breast cancer was the cancer with the best survival at Instituto Nacional de Cancerología; cervical cancer the one with the lowest survival. Overall survival did not change over the years for any of the cancers.
Servicios de oncología pediátrica en Colombia
Authors: Suarez Mattos Amaranto , Aguilera Jairo , Salguero Edgar Augusto , Wiesner Carolina
Published: June 2018

Antecedentes: En los países de bajos ingresos un niño diagnosticado con cáncer tiene un 80% de probabilidad de morir mientras que en los países de ingresos altos más del 80% sobrevive a la enfermedad. En Colombia, un país de ingresos medios, el gobierno expidió una nueva legislación que promueve la generación de unidades de atención integral; sin embargo, siete años después de su expedición, ninguna Institución ha sido reconocida como tal por el Ministerio de Salud.Objetivo: Caracterizar la actual oferta de servicios oncológicos para atención de cáncer en niños e identificar las instituciones que podrían ser constituirse en Unidades de Atención Integral de Cáncer Infantil en Colombia.Métodos: estudio descriptivo de fuente secundaria, se consultó el Registro Especial de Prestadores de Salud del Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social; identificando las instituciones que tenían habilitados servicio de hospitalización de mediana o alta complejidad, quimioterapia, consulta especializada, urgencias, cirugía oncológica, radioterapia o medicina nuclear. Se reporta la información en frecuencias absolutas.Resultados: Setenta y una instituciones cuentan con consulta de hemato-Oncología, 39 instituciones tienen servicios de quimioterapia y hospitalización de mediana o alta complejidad y 18 tienen habilitada radioterapia. Solo nueve de las instituciones  incluyen la totalidad de los servicios necesarios para la atención integral.Conclusión: Colombia cuenta con una oferta suficiente de servicios para atención de niños con cáncer. Solo una minoría se encuentra en  Instituciones que tienen la capacidad de garantizar la integralidad de la atención.
Estimaciones de incidencia y mortalidad para los principales cinco tipos de cáncer en Colombia, 2007-2011
Authors: Pardo Constanza , Cendales Ricardo
Published: June 2018

Objetivos: Describir la incidencia y mortalidad para los cinco principales tipos de cáncer en Colombia, de 2007-2011.Métodos: Se estimaron casos y tasas de incidencia de cáncer ajustadas por edad a partir de razones incidencia/mortalidad y se calcularon las muertes observadas y tasas de mortalidad ajustadas por edad en Colombia, ambas diferenciadas por departamentos, tipo de cáncer y sexo. Las estimaciones de incidencia se generaron con base en la información de cuatro registros poblacionales de cáncer (Cali, Pasto, Bucaramanga y Manizales), publicada en Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, volumen X, y la información oficial de mortalidad y población del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE).Resultados: El número anual de casos esperados (todos los cánceres) fue 62,818 en hombres y en mujeres y se registraron 32,653 muertes. Los principales cánceres incidentes fueron próstata (46.5 por 100,000 años-persona) en hombres y mama (33.8 por 100,000 años-persona) en mujeres. La mortalidad más alta en hombres se presentó en estómago (14.2) y mama en mujeres (9.9).Conclusiones: Las estimaciones de incidencia y mortalidad más altas en Colombia fueron para los cánceres de mama y próstata, además de una proporción de cánceres relacionados con la infección como son el cáncer de estómago y de cuello uterino. Estas cuatro neoplasias fueron responsables de más del 50% de la carga de la enfermedad. Solamente a través de los registros de cáncer de buena calidad y de larga trayectoria podrá tenerse información sobre el cambio en las tendencias de incidencia.
Información fiable para el control del cáncer en Cali, Colombia
Authors: Bravo Luis Eduardo , García Luz Stella , Collazos Paola , Carrascal Edwin , Ramírez Oscar , Cortés Armando , Nuñez Marcela , Millán Erquinovaldo
Published: June 2018

Antecedentes: El Registro Poblacional de Cáncer de Cali (RPCC) está en operación continua desde 1962 con el objetivo de producir estadísticas válidas sobre la incidencia de cáncer, sus patrones, tendencias y supervivencia.Métodos: Durante el periodo 2008-2012, se registraron 23,046 casos nuevos y durante 2011-2015 se registraron 12,761 defunciones por cáncer. La tendencia de las tasas se describió con el porcentaje de cambio medio anual APC y con el análisis de Joinpoint. Se analizaron los datos individuales de 38,671 adultos (15-99 años) con diagnóstico de cáncer entre 1995-2009, y se calculó la supervivencia neta estandarizada por edad para las 14 localizaciones más comunes de cáncer, con el método de Pohar-Perme.Resultados: Próstata y mama fueron la primera causa de morbilidad por cáncer.  Las tasas de incidencia en estos tumores susceptibles de detección temprana se estabilizaron tras décadas de crecimiento, mientras que se observó un incremento de la incidencia de cáncer de colon y carcinoma papilar de tiroides. Las tasas de incidencia de cáncer de cuello uterino y estómago, afecciones relacionados con agentes infecciosos, disminuyeron, aunque el número de los casos absolutos aumentó, debido al crecimiento y envejecimiento de la población. El cáncer gástrico fue responsable del mayor número de muertes por cáncer.  Los tipos de cáncer relacionados con el consumo de tabaco (pulmón, cavidad oral, esófago, páncreas, vejiga urinaria) mostraron cifras bajas y con tendencia al descenso. Durante el periodo 2000-2004, la supervivencia neta a 5 años mejoró para los cánceres de mama, cuello uterino, próstata, melanoma y tiroides, aunque en el periodo 2005-2009 se observó un estancamiento. En cáncer de estómago, hígado y pulmón, la supervivencia neta a 5 años fue inferior al 15%.  La supervivencia global a 5 años en niños fue de 51.0% (IC 95%: 47.5, 54.3) y en adolescentes de 44.6% (IC 95%: 36.0, 52.8).Comentario: RPCC ha sido asesor del gobierno colombiano en la evaluación de RPCs en el país y sus datos han contribuido significativamente a diferentes aspectos del control del cáncer en Colombia.
Tendencias en incidencia y mortalidad por cáncer durante tres decadas en Quito - Ecuador
Authors: Corral Cordero Fabian , Cueva Ayala Patricia , Yépez Maldonado José , Tarupi Montenegro Wilmer
Published: June 2018

Introducción: El Registro Nacional de Tumores ha recolectado, procesado, analizado y divulgado regularmente la información de los casos nuevos de cáncer diagnosticados en la ciudad de Quito, Ecuador durante las últimas tres décadas.Objetivo: Analizar la tendencia de las tasas de incidencia y mortalidad por cáncer durante el periodo 1985-2013.Métodos: Se estimaron las tasas de incidencia y mortalidad estandarizadas por edad a través del método directo, utilizando la población estándar mundial. Para el análisis de la tendencia de las tasas, de localizaciones seleccionadas, se utilizó la regresión joinpoint. Resultados: Se documentó un descenso de las tasas de incidencia y mortalidad de los tipos de cáncer de cuello uterino y estómago. Existe incremento de las tasas de cánceres de mama y colon-recto. Es notorio el crecimiento de la tasa de incidencia de cáncer de tiroides en mujeres. El cáncer de pulmón se incrementó en las mujeres en tanto que en los varones sus valores se mantuvieron estables.Conclusión: Se evidencian importantes variaciones en la evolución del cáncer en Quito, la información presentada constituye un instrumento para el seguimiento y evaluación de las intervenciones que se desarrollen.
Cali Cancer Registry Methods
Authors: Garcia Luz Stella , Bravo Luis Eduardo , Collazos Paola , Ramirez Oscar , Carrascal Edwin , Nuñez Marcela , Portilla Nelson , Millan Erquinovaldo
Published: June 2018

El Registro Poblacional de Cáncer de Cali (RPCC) opera de manera continua desde 1962 divulgando información de calidad para proporcionar un marco para valorar y controlar el impacto del cáncer en Cali. Métodos:  La recolección de los casos nuevos de cáncer en residentes permanentes de Cali se hace mediante búsqueda activa y por notificación en los hospitales y laboratorios públicos y privados. La Secretaria de Salud Pública Municipal proporciona la información individual de mortalidad general y por cáncer.   Los tumores se codifican con la CIO-3 y la mortalidad con la CIE-10.  Las tasas se estandarizan por edad y la tendencia se estudia con el porcentaje de cambio anual y con la regresión de JoinPoint.  La supervivencia neta a 5 años se analizó con el estimador de Pohar-Perme. Resultados: El 88.5% de los canceres tuvieron verificación morfológica (VM).   La proporción de los casos codificada como de sitio mal definido representó el 5% y el certificado de defunción como única evidencia del diagnóstico de cáncer (DCO) varió entre 0-3% dependiendo de la localización.   Todas las defunciones fueron certificadas por un médico, el 94.2% de las muertes por cáncer fueron bien certificadas.  La proporción de sitio mal definido fue 5.3% y la de cáncer de útero no especificado (C55) fue 0.5%. En todos los casos de supervivencia fue posible el seguimiento y la proporción de censuras fue 13.2% Comentario: La información ha sido publicada en los once volúmenes de “Cancer Incidence in Five Continents”.  El RPCC participó en el Estudio Concord y está participando en SURVCAN-3.
Epidemiology of cancer in Colombia
Authors: Bravo Luis Eduardo , Muñoz Nubia
Published: June 2018

En este número especial dedicado al cáncer, Colombia Médica divulga un análisis de la situación de cáncer en Colombia y Ecuador.
El Registro Poblacional de Cancer de Cali (RPC-Cali) describe los principios y métodos utilizados para analizar 50 años de incidencia (1962-2012), 30 años de mortalidad (1984-2014) y 15 años de supervivencia (1995-2009).  Seis registros RPC colombianos y uno ecuatoriano, muestran la recopilación, clasificación y análisis de todos los casos nuevos y las defunciones por cáncer ocurridas entre 2008-2012en Quito, Cali, Pasto, Bucaramanga, Manizales.  Barranquilla y Medellín divulgan por primera vez datos sobre incidencia de cáncer.  Los registros de cáncer de Cali, Quito y Pasto disponen de al menos 15 años de información de buena calidad y presentan resultados válidos de la tendencia de la incidencia y mortalidad por cáncer en sus respectivas poblaciones
Los RPC-Cali, RPC-Manizales y el Registro Hospitalario de Cáncer del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de Colombia, único RHC del país, presentan datos de supervivencia para los tipos de cáncer de mayor morbilidad en Colombia:  próstata, mama, cuello uterino, colon y estómago.
El Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de Colombia (INC-Col) caracteriza la situación actual de la oferta de servicios oncológicos en Colombia y demuestra que la certificación de las defunciones por cáncer en Colombia es de buena calidad.  El INC-Col utiliza la información de cuatro registros de cáncer y las cifras oficiales de mortalidad, para hacer estimaciones válidas de la incidencia de cáncer para todo el país y para cada uno de los departamentos de Colombia.
Reimagining the South African social work curriculum: Aligning African and western cosmologies
Authors: Ross Eleanor
Published: June 2018

Widespread student uprisings associated with the Fees-Must-Fall movement have starkly focused universities on the need to revisit the impact of colonialism, and the need to decolonise curricula and adapt them to the South African context. While acknowledging the oppressive effects of colonisation and the homogenising and universalising effects of globalisation, the main thrust of this paper is that we need to recognise that social work as a worldwide profession is part of the global village and that we need to keep current with international developments, while remembering our history, celebrating our unique multicultural context, beliefs and practices, and remaining anchored in Africa. This article discusses examples of indigenous world views that could infuse and inform the Western-based knowledge, skills and values components of the curriculum, and which are needed for effective provision of social work services.
#NotDomestication #NotIndigenisation: Decoloniality in Social Work Education
Authors: Harms Smith Linda , Nathane Motlalepule
Published: June 2018

This article argues that South African social work education, situated in Western modernism and broadly within the ideological project of colonialism and racist capitalism, should move from knowledge and discourses which are domesticating and oppressive, and do essential decolonising work. It explores colonialism and post-colonialism and the politics of social work knowledge, it describes the processes of the #RhodesMustFall and #FeesMustFall movements, and then it describes the work of decolonisation. In order to move from coloniality and domestication, which means neither indigenisation nor Africanisation, social work education must 1)Â reclaim and repossess truths and narratives about the history of social work in South Africa, 2)Â explore ideology underlying its knowledge and discourses, 3)Â facilitate critical conscientisation and cultivate a critical and anti-colonial approach, and 4)Â include anti-colonial theorists in the curriculum. It provides two examples of courses which facilitate such a process.
Evaluation of a sulfanilic acid based surfactant in crude oil demulsification: an experimental study
Authors: Zargar Ghassem , Gheysari Reza Ghol , Takassi Mohammad Ali , Rostami Alireza , Zadehnazari Amin
Published: June 2018

In this study, 2-Amino-5-Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonic Acid (ADBSA) surfactant has been prepared and tested as crude oil emulsions demulsifier. Electrical conductivity method was used to obtain the critical micelle concentration of surfactant. A critical micelle concentration value of 0.225 wt.%. Bottle testing measurements were conducted to investigate the effect of several parameters including temperature, water content, salinity, demulsifier dosage and type of crude oil (composition) on the demulsification efficiency in presence of new synthetic demulsifier. A reduction of emulsion stability was observed with increasing water content or demulsifier dosage decrease. A water separation index of 98% was recorded at 60 °C.
Hizmet Kalitesinin Müşteri Memnuniyeti Üzerine Etkisi: Fitness Merkezlerinde Ampirik Bir Uygulama
Authors: YILDIZ Süleyman Murat , DUYAN Mehdi , GÜNEL İlker
Published: June 2018

Bu çalışmada fiziksel
etkinlik hizmetleri sunan fitness merkezlerinde hizmet kalitesinin müşteri
memnuniyetine etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak,
hizmet kalitesine yönelik Yıldız ve Kara’nın (2012) geliştirdiği QSport-14
ölçeği, müşteri memnuniyetine yönelik ise Cronin, Brady ve Hult’un (2000) geliştirdiği memnuniyet ölçeği
kullanılmıştır. Veriler Antalya ilinde ticari olarak faaliyet gösteren 3 farklı
fitness merkezinin müşterilerinden (n=227)
elde edilmiştir. Ölçeklerin
güvenirliklerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılan güvenirlik testi sonucunda
QSport-14 ölçeğinin Cronbach Alpha değeri 0,849, müşteri memnuniyeti ölçeğinin
Cronbach Alpha değeri ise 0,743 olarak bulunmuştur. Hizmet kalitesinin müşteri
memnuniyeti üzerine etkisini belirleyebilmek için hiyerarşik regresyon analizi
uygulanmıştır. QSport-14 ölçeğinin alt boyutları olan “personel”, “fiziksel
özellikler” ve “program” değişkenlerinin müşteri memnuniyeti üzerine etkisi
ayrı ayrı değerlendirilmiştir. Analizler sonucunda, fitness merkezlerindeki
hizmet kalitesinin (ve alt boyutları olan personel, fiziksel özellikler ve
program değişkenlerinin) müşteri memnuniyeti üzerinde anlamlı ve pozitif etkisi
bulunmuştur (p<0,001). Bu alt boyutlardan, müşteri memnuniyeti üzerine en
yüksek etki personel (β=,492) alt
boyutudur, ardından program (β=,444)
ve fiziksel özellikler (β=,432)
gelmektedir. Diğer taraftan demografik değişkenlerin müşteri memnuniyeti
üzerine herhangi bir anlamlı etkisi ise görülmemiştir. Bu sonuçlara göre,
fiziksel egzersiz hizmeti sunan fitness merkezlerinde müşteri memnuniyeti
sağlayabilmenin yolu (başta personel olmak üzere, program ve fiziksel
özellikler yönüyle) hizmet kalitesini arttırmaktan geçtiği söylenebilir.
LEYENDO PARA APRENDER: ENTENDIENDO LECTURAS CON INSTRUCCIÓN DE VOCABULARIO INTEGRADO EN ESTUDIANTES A1 DE INGLÉS COMO IDIOMA EXTRANJERO
Authors: Galeas Arboleda Gabriela Jacqueline
Published: June 2018

El presente estudio cuantitativo experimental busco explorar los efectos de la instrucción de vocabulario integrado en el desempeño de la comprensión lectora de estudiantes con nivel A1 de inglés como idioma extranjero en un colegio público rural en Ecuador. Los participantes fueron estudiantes entre 15 y 17 años en su primer año de bachillerato, todos ellos fueron seleccionados por un muestreo a conveniencia. Los participantes estuvieron divididos en dos grupos (tradicional e integrado) y se les solicitó participar en ocho lecciones de lectura. Después de cada clase, los estudiantes participaron en una prueba de comprensión lectora basada en tareas de comprensión literal. Además, las percepciones del grupo experimental fueron analizadas mediante un cuestionario. Adicionalmente, se utilizó una escala de conocimientos de vocabulario (VKS) tres veces para medir el conocimiento previo, el aprendizaje y la retención de palabras. Este estudio encontró que la instrucción de vocabulario integrado mejora la comprensión de lectura de los estudiantes, y es beneficiosa para el aprendizaje y retención de vocabulario. Por otra parte, este trabajo de investigación propone un estudio adicional sobre los beneficios de una instrucción integrada al trabajar con niveles superiores de competencia.
Palabras clave: lectura, instrucción de vocabulario, comprensión lectora, percepciones.
ABSTRACT
This experimental quantitative study explored the effects of an integrated vocabulary instruction on reading comprehension performance of A1 EFL learners in a rural public school in Ecuador. The participants of this study were students between 15 and 17 years old in their first baccalaureate year, all of them were selected by convenience sampling. The participants were divided into two groups (traditional and integrated) and asked to participate in eight reading lessons with their designated vocabulary instruction. After each class, they took part in a reading comprehension test based on literal comprehension questions. Moreover, the perceptions from the experimental group were gathered by a questionnaire. Additionally, a vocabulary knowledge scale (VKS) was used three times to measure previous knowledge, learning, and retention of words. This study shows that an integrated vocabulary instruction improves learners´ reading comprehension, and it is beneficial for vocabulary learning and retention. Furthermore, this research work proposes a further study on the benefits of an integrated instruction by working with upper levels of proficiency.
DESARROLLO PSICOMOTRIZ EN LA INFANCIA Y EL DESEMPEÑO DOCENTE
Authors: Damián Núñez Edgar Froilán , Merino Acosta Zoila Noemí , Reyes Cabrera Neptali Antony , Damian Nuñez Nalda Guadalupe
Published: June 2018

La presente investigación tiene como fin establecer si existe relación entre el desarrollo psicomotor de los estudiantes en la educación inicial (pre escolar), y el desempeño docente a partir de los roles que estos deben cumplir para que las competencias de los niños se desarrollen de la mejor manera, estos fines se elaboró fichas de observación, para ambas variables, las cueles fueron aplicadas a 10 docentes y 90 estudiantes de centros educativos iniciales del distrito de Independencia pertenecientes a la UGEL N° 02 en el año 2014. Los resultados tras el análisis estadístico muestran que no existe relación entre ambas variables con un coeficiente de correlación de Pearson de 0,319 a pesar de que el coeficiente de significancia bilateral es de 0.02.
Palabras clave: Psicomotricidad, infancia, desempeño, docente.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research is to establish whether there is a relationship between the psychomotordevelopment of students in early childhood education (pre-school), and the teaching performance ofinitial education roles for children's competencies. For this end, observation cards were elaborated forboth variables, which were applied to 10 teachers and 90 students from the initial educational centersof the district of Independencia (belonging to UGEL N ° 02 in 2014). The results after the statisticalanalysis demonstrated that there is no relationship between both variables with a Pearson correlationcoefficient of 0.319 despite the fact that the coefficient of bilateral significance was 0.02.r.
CLIMA ORGANIZACIONAL. CONSTRUCTO PERSONALISTA SOBRE LOS ELEMENTOS QUE INFLUYEN EN EL MEDIO AMBIENTE LABORAL, EN LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ADMINISTRATIVAS, UNIVERSIDAD ESTATAL PENÍNSULA DE SANTA ELENA
Authors: Peña Rivas Humberto Coromoto , Villao Viteri José Fabián , Bohorquez Armijos Emanuel Augusto
Published: June 2018

El Clima organizacional, está considerado como uno de los principales elementos que influyen de manera directa en el desarrollo y el crecimiento de una organización, cuando es aplicado de forma efectiva. En la actualidad, las organizaciones invierten tiempo, dinero y esfuerzo en el mejoramiento de actividades que optimicen las relaciones interpersonales y laborales, generando un clima organizacional saludable comprobando de esta manera que el mismo contribuye de forma exitosa en la productividad de cada organización. Por lo antes expuesto, se considera que el clima organizacional incide directamente en el nivel motivacional de cada empleado. Por lo tanto, si existen niveles de insatisfacción entre los empleados, el nivel de desempeño en sus actividades no será óptimo y eficaz, y por tanto su impacto será negativo en la organización. Cabe destacar, que el interés que posee cada organización en mejorar la productividad y el desempeño de los empleados, genera un ambiente laboral positivo y productivo. Finalmente, la Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas de la Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena, debe estudiar el potencial que ofrece cada empleado, evaluar sus necesidades y conocer cuáles son sus motivaciones e incentivar la participación, con el único fin de generar un medio ambiente laboral ameno y positivo.
Palabras claves: Clima Organizacional. Motivación Laboral. Medio Ambiente Laboral.
ABSTRACT
The organizational climate is considered one of the main elements that directly influence the development and growth of an organization, when it is applied effectively. Currently, organizations invest time, money and effort in the improvement of activities that optimize interpersonal and work relationships, generating a healthy organizational climate thus proving that it contributes successfully to the productivity of each organization. For the above reasons, it is considered that the organizational climate directly affects the motivational level of each employee. Therefore, if there are levels of dissatisfaction among employees, the level of performance in their activities will not be optimal and effective, and therefore their impact will be negative in the organization. It should be noted that the interest that each organization has in improving productivity and employee performance generates a positive and productive work environment. Finally, the Faculty of Administrative Sciences of the Santa Elena Peninsula State University should study the potential offered by each employee, assess their needs and know what their motivations are and encourage participation, with the sole purpose of generating a pleasant and positive working environment.