bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Credit Problem in parametric stress: A probabilistic approach
Authors: Nazarov Aleksei Ioulevitch , Jarosz Gaja
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we introduce a novel domain-general, statistical learning model for P&P grammars: the Expectation Driven Parameter Learner (EDPL). We show that the EDPL provides a mathematically principled solution to the Credit Problem (Dresher 1999). We present the first systematic tests of the EDPL and an existing and closely related model, the Naïve Parameter Learner (NPL), on a full stress typology, the one generated by Dresher & Kaye’s (1990) stress parameter framework. This framework has figured prominently in the debate about the necessity of domain-specific mechanisms for learning of parametric stress. The essential difference between the two learning models is that the EDPL incorporates a mechanism that directly tackles the Credit Problem, while the NPL does not. We find that the NPL fails to cope with the ambiguity of this stress system both in terms of learning success and data complexity, while the EDPL performs well on both metrics. Based on these results, we argue that probabilistic inference provides a viable domain-general approach to parametric stress learning, but only when learning involves an inferential process that directly addresses the Credit Problem. We also present in-depth analyses of the learning outcomes, showing how learning outcomes depend crucially on the structural ambiguities posited by a particular phonological theory, and how these learning difficulties correspond to typological gaps.
Medical Risk in Criminal Law
Authors: Rarog Aleksey , Ponyatovskaya Tatiyana
Published: November 2021

The goal of healthcare work is to save people’s lives, to maintain and improve their health. However, in spite of all efforts of doctors, this goal is not always achievable because of the factors and circumstances whose negative impact it may be impossible to take into account due to objective reasons. It leads to the question of the liability of a doctor for patient harm resulting from a medical intervention. There are numerous publications in the fields of both medicine and law dealing with the grounds, forms and limits of liability of medical staff for unintended harm to the patient. Considerably less attention is paid to researching the limits of this liability and the grounds for recognizing the harm to be lawful. The absence of criminal unlawfulness in a medical interference which led to a bad outcome was justified by different circumstances: absence of a causative connection between the actions of the doctor and the negative consequences, absence of guilt in the doctor’s actions, the situation of critical need, the situation of justified risk, etc. The authors prove the fundamental non-applicability of the institute of critical need to the assessment of a medical interference with a bad outcome, as well as the unsuitability of the criminal law norm on justified risk for recognizing patient harm as non-criminal because Art. 41 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, on the one hand, includes requirements that do not refer to healthcare work, and on the other hand — they do not take into consideration its specific features. According to the authors, there is currently a necessity to supplement the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation with a criminal law norm on medical risk as a separate circumstance that precludes the criminal character of patient harm resulting from a medical intervention.
Modern Problems of Establishing and Implementing Criminal Liability for Illegal Migration Crimes
Authors: Taranenko Vladimir , Kharitonov Stanislav , Reshnyak Maria , Borisov Sergey
Published: November 2021

This study aims to identify and consider modern problems in establishing and implementing criminal liability for crimes pertaining to illegal migration, such as illegal crossing of the Russian Federation State Border, organizing illegal migration, fictitious registration of citizens of the Russian Federation at a place of stay or place of residence in residential premises in the Russian Federation, fictitious migration registration of foreign citizens or stateless persons at a place of residence in residential premises in the Russian Federation, as well as fictitious registration of foreign citizens or stateless persons at a place of stay in the Russian Federation. On this basis, proposals to improve legislative and regulatory compliance practices in this area have been formulated. The object of research is social interaction associated with the establishment and application of criminal law provisions on accountability for the crimes. The subject of research is a complex of legislative, doctrinal and practical issues, the study of which contributes to the development of criminal law theory in the area of liability for illegal migration crimes. This article considers the clarifications issued by the Plenary Session of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation cited in resolution No. 18 “On Judicial Practice in Cases on Illegal Crossing of the State Border of the Russian Federation and on Crimes Pertaining to Illegal Migration” of July 9, 2020, relevant court practice materials and the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation Judicial Department’s statistical data. Research methodology is based on general and specific scientific methods, including comparative legal and concrete-sociological ones. As a result of the comprehensive analysis of criminal justice vulnerabilities in response to crimes pertaining to illegal migration, proposals for further development of the criminal legislation on the fields of criminal liability for such crimes and practices associated with its application have been formulated. For example, this article reveals the content of actions that form the objective aspect of crimes pertaining to illegal migration, defines the legal and factual aspects of committed offences, and provides recommendations concerning their qualification, including differentiation between them and their separation from related crimes and similar administrative offenses.
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT REFORMS IN TURKEY
Authors:   Manisa Celal Bayar University, Demir Fatih
Published: November 2021

This article focuses on public management reforms in Turkey and how the reform trajectory has changed over the past two decades. Reforms in Turkey represent a mixture of ideas and reform elements that are constantly evolving under the influence of foreign actors, especially the European Union, efforts to respond to global reform trends, and domestic political developments. The article is divided into three parts. The first part gives a brief picture of the political-administrative structure of the country. The second part provides a landscape of the reform initiatives in the last two decades. The third part examines the main challenges Turkey might face in the coming years in terms of implementing reforms and provides a discussion on how they can be addressed.
Physical Examination
Authors: Abdisa Tagesu
Published: November 2021

Physical examination is the methods of examination by means of applying general inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation of animals to detect clinical signs of patient animals. General inspection is done some distance away from the animal; sometimes go round the animal or herd/fl ock, in order to get the general impression about the case1
Postmortem examination in veterinary practice
Authors: Abdisa Tagesu
Published: November 2021

Necropsy is the examination of animals after death and it helps in diagnosis of diseases. Necropsy includes systemic examination of dead animals, recording pathological lesions and interpretation approach to diagnosis of disease. The knowledge of histopathology, microbiology, immunology and toxicology is required for confi rmation.
TRASTORNO POR USO DE ALCOHOL Y TRASTORNO MENTAL. INFLUENCIA DE LA CONCOMITANCIA EN LA EFECTIVIDAD DE LA INTERVENCIÓN AMBULATORIA
Authors: Santiago Gutiérrez Luz Goretti , Santana Rodríguez Mª Teresa , Cabrera Hernández Cristina Mª
Published: November 2021

INTRODUCCION La Patología Dual (PD) en el consumo de alcohol condiciona el pronóstico, adherencia y retención en la intervención ambulatoria. OBJETIVOS Conocer prevalencia de patología dual. Determina tasas de adherencia a consulta y tratamiento. Analizar correlación PD cumplimiento y efectividad terapéutica. METODO Estudio descriptivo observacional longitudinal. Referencia muestral: 77 pacientes con TUA de 472 incluidos en Plan de Microeliminación del VHC de San Miguel Adicciones (2017 a 2020). Variables de estudio: sociodemográficas, clínicas y de consumo e indicadores de cumplimiento y retención. RESULTADOS Muestra: 62% hombres y 38% mujeres (34 y 70 años). 52% Patología Dual (69%M; 42%H). Patologías psiquiátricas: 22% trastorno depresivo (53%H;47%M), 7% ansiedad (60%H;40%M), 8% síndrome ansioso depresivo (34%H;66%M). Tentativas autolíticas 16%, (42%H;58%M), 7% más de un trastorno psiquiátrico. Acuden por Iniciativa Propia 49%, derivación MAP (25%), Especializada 9%. La retención es superior en los pacientes que no tienen PD (>12 meses). Menor índice de retención en pacientes con trastorno psiquiátrico 40%. Trastorno Depresivo: 82% de adherencia a consulta (AC), 47% de retención (R) > 6 meses, 29% abandona (A) y 24% alta terapéutica (AT). Trastorno de Ansiedad: 20%(AC), 60% (R) >6 meses, 40% (A), 0% (AT). Trastorno Ansioso-Depresivo: 10% (AC), 67%(R) > 6 meses, 50% (A) y 33% (AT). CONCLUSIONES Predominio de trastornos afectivos: depresión, ansiedad. Diferencia en el factor género en TUA y PD. Prevalencia de más de un Trastorno Mental superior en mujeres. Escasa derivación desde los Servicios Especializados. La concurrencia PD-TUA incide de manera desfavorable en pronóstico, evolución y efectividad terapéutica. References 1. Corrêa Filho JM, Baltieri DA. Psychosocial and clinical predictors of retention in outpatient alcoholism treatment. Braz J Psychiatry. 2012 -12;34(4):413-21. 2. Graff FS, Morgan TJ, Epstein EE, McCrady BS, Cook SM, Jensen NK, et al. Engagement and retention in outpatient alcoholism treatment for women. Am J Addict. 2009 Jul-Aug;18(4):277-88.
Vegetative traits of Sedum L. (Crassulaceae) species cuttings growing on green roof in Kyiv city
Authors: Vozna A. , Berezkina V. , Vasheka O.
Published: November 2021

The traits of vegetative parts (the length of the overground part of the cutting (shoot), the length of the underground part of the cutting (rhizome), the volume of the overground part of the cutting (shoot), the volume of the root system, the weight of the cutting (plant), and absolute cover area) for cuttings of five Sedum species (S. ewersii Ledeb., S. spathulifolium Hook. 'Cape Blanco', S. kamtschaticum Fisch. 'Variegatum', Sedum spurium M. Bieb., S. rupestre L.) were determined. The plants were cultivated for 86 days on a low roof (height = 6 m), in a soil mixture in 7-liter containers with a substrate height of 7 cm.
The percentage of rooted cuttings reached 100% for S. ewersii, S. kamtschaticum 'Variegatum', S. spurium, S. rupestre and 66 % for S. spathulifolium 'Cape Blanco'. The highest ability to create absolute substrate cover was noted for species with creeping stems and flattened succulent leaves – S. kamtschaticum 'Variegatum' and S. spurium. This index was slightly lower for a species with vertical stems and stiff pointed, succulent leaves (S. rupestre), and plants with decumbent stems, that bear only the terminal rosettes of leaves (S. ewersii). The ability to substrate consolidation was not significantly different for S. ewersii, S. kamtschaticum 'Variegatum', S. spurium. Root development was lower for S. rupestre and very weak for S. spathulifolium 'Cape Blanco'. The results support planting S. ewersii, S. kamtschaticum 'Variegatum', S. rupestre, S. spurium with fresh harvested cuttings without previous rooting. Cuttings of S. spathulifolium 'Cape Blanco' increased their mass and projective cover slowly and required rooting before planting in a green roof
On the history of higher medical education for women in Russia
Authors: Kalchenko A. P. , Abashin V. G. , Tsvelev Y. V.
Published: November 2021

The history of women's medical education and the use of women's labor in the public service in Russia is essentially a history of women's struggle for equality, the opportunity to receive education and access to skilled labor. Education was seen as a guarantee of participation in the expected reform of society, as a form of emancipation and the conquest of civil rights.
Organization of going in for physical training in sanatorium-preventive clinic
Authors: Davliev A. A.
Published: November 2021

The factors determining the motor activity are revealed and the adequate system of measures on drawing workers of industrial works in going in for physical training in the sanatorium-preventive clinic is developed. Two basic groups of methodical approaches: general clinic therapeutic examination to estimate the state of health and generally accepted in sport medicine the methods to estimate physical development, physical work ability and states of motion apparatus were used. The mathematical model of motion activity and health level in multidimensional relations with factors affecting them was constructed.
Epidemiology of fractures and reduction of mineral density of bone tissue in the population of the industrial city of the Middle Volga Region
Authors: Tseitlin O. Ya.
Published: November 2021

The retrospective epidemiologic investigation in Otradnoe, Samara region was carried out to study the hip and forearm fracture rate in persons over 60 within 19952000. The hip fracture rate in men varied between 32,0 and 113,9 for 100000 of population (on the average 72,3), in women - between 52,9 and 152,5 (on the average 90,2). In women hip fractures were found 1,9 more often than in men. The growth of the hip fracture rate was noted in women over 60, in men over 70. The fracture rate of forearm in women was five times higher than in men. The mineral density of calcaneus bone tissue was studied in 220 men and 113 women by ultrasound densitometry. The pronounced tendency to the increase with aging of the number of persons with the decreased mineral density of bone tissue was noted.
Efficiency of using calcium antagonists in the treatment of hypoxic intracranial hemorrhages in newborns
Authors: Levitina E. V. , Ivanichev G. A.
Published: November 2021

The prospective observation and clinico-biochemical examination of 55 infants with intracranial hemorrhages from the neonatal period till one year old are carried out. The interrelation of disturbances of enzyme activity of electrolyte transmembrane transport and calcium level in thrombocytes with the character, gravity degree, clinical syndromes and course of the pathological process is revealed. The decrease of Ca2+-AT phase activity and the increase of intracellular calcium level in patients with the chronic and combined character of hypoxia are noted. The clinical and biochemical efficiency of calcium antagonists (nimodipine) in children with perinatal intracranial hemorrhages is determined.
Organizational and methodological basis for improving the quality of work of an ultrasound diagnostician
Authors: Sagdeeva E. T.
Published: November 2021

The quality of medical care depends on a complex of factors that characterize many aspects of the doctor's activity - medical and biological, social and hygienic, production, etc. The aim of this work was to describe mathematically the influence of unfavorable factors on the activity of an ultrasound diagnostician and to build a model to improve the quality of his work.
Nursing as a subject of licensing
Authors: Vakhitov Sh. M. , Yamaleev R. G. , Pronevich V. S. , Gaidullin Z. Z. , Vilkova O. N. , Petrova O. S. , Nabiullina L. I. , Zakharova S. M.
Published: November 2021

Currently, 18 medical universities in the country have opened faculties of higher nursing education (HEE), graduates of which are qualified as "manager" in the specialty of "nursing". The emergence of a new category of medical workers for domestic health care is a necessity dictated by the objective need to reform the industry and introduce modern organizational, managerial and medical technologies. However, not all medical workers, including managers, adequately and willingly perceive the innovations. Moreover, many of them simply do not think about the fact that the emergence of specialists with HSS is only the first and necessary link in the chain of subsequent changes in the system of organization and management of health care.
Rational approaches to diagnosis and treatment of pneumoconiosis
Authors: Kosarev V. V. , Zhestkov A. V. , Lotkov V. S.
Published: November 2021

Dust-related lung diseases still occupy a significant place among other forms of occupational pathology, accounting for about 30% in the structure of occupational diseases in our country. Pneumoconiosis continues to be one of the priority problems of occupational medicine worldwide, and for many developing countries - one of the most important: at various production facilities the number of patients with silicosis reaches 54.6% of the number of workers. In Canada, 283 cases of silicosis have been reported among 68,000 people working in dust-exposed environments; in the United States, about 3 million people have significant occupational exposure to silica dust.
Use of electronic information resources in the health care system of the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors: Drescher Yu. N.
Published: November 2021

A distinctive feature of the modern period is the large and not fully satisfied need of the subjects of the Russian Federation in all types of information on the background of the termination of the previously existing medical information bodies, responsible for working with the regions. The most important task of the regional medical information subsystem, which is becoming increasingly important, is information support for all activities, on which the improvement of the health of the population of a particular administrative-territorial unit depends.
Professor Uzbek Yakubovich Bogdanovich
Authors: Gafarov H. Z. , Valeev E. K.
Published: November 2021

July 17, 2001 was the 80th birthday of a prominent scientist - orthopedist-traumatologist Professor Bogdanovich Uzbek Yakubovich, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tatarstan, a well-known organizer of medical science.
Computer sphygmography for the quantitative estimation of kinetics of main arteries
Authors: Germanov A. V.
Published: November 2021

In 58 healthy persons the contour analysis is performed according to the second derivative of sphygmograms of central and peripheral arteries.lt is established that the kinetics characteristics of the vascular arterial wall remain as the pulse wave moves from proximal parts of the arterial system to dystal parts.
Congenital leukosis in children
Authors: Bulatov V. P. , Fazleeva L. K. , Cherezova I. N. , Trofimova I. Sh. , Nazipov R. N.
Published: November 2021

As many as seven cases of congenital leukosis in children are analysed. The peculiarities of the clinical symptomatology of these patients are established. The use of polychemothcrapy, radiation therapy and transplantation of bone marrow in the treatment of acute congenital leukosis is not effective.
Instrumental methods of osteoporosis diagnosis
Authors: Gaibaryan A. A. , Mikhailov M. K. , Salikhov I. G.
Published: November 2021

For a long time, the only method of diagnosing osteoporosis (OP) was radiographic examination. The radiological signs of OP are well known. Conclusions about normal or increased bone transparency can be made on the basis of 5 images of the axial skeleton (thoracic, lumbar spine in two projections, pelvic bones with both femoral trochanters, skull in lateral projection, hands in direct projection). But it is possible to make a reliable diagnosis of OP with the help of radiographic examination of any localization only after the loss of 20-40%, and according to some data - up to 50% of the bone mass. The reason for diagnostic difficulties is the variability of doctor's assessment of radiographs, soft tissue thickness and stacking, peculiarities of manifestation, quality and sensitivity of the film, exposure, etc.
Application of laser treatment for internal diseases
Authors: Amirov N. B.
Published: November 2021

In the early 60's, the first studies of laser radiation (LR) interaction with biological objects were carried out. Experiments showed that laser beam due to monochromaticity and coherence has a high power density, allowing selective thermal effect on living tissues without significant damage to adjacent tissues. Since the 70s, LR has significantly expanded its applicability and has been successfully introduced in the clinic of internal diseases. In the early 80's the first intravascular irradiation of blood with helium-neon laser (HNL) using a light guide was carried out. This method has found wide application. For any organism laser light is an unfamiliar artificial stimulus, not found in natural conditions. The main features of LR are high directionality, monochromaticity and energy intensity.
Behaviour risk among city youth of Tatarstan
Authors: Taisheva L. A. , Khamitova R. Ya.
Published: November 2021

The study is carried out by anonymous questionnaire using the unrepeated random selection in March, 2000. The object of study was youth aged 1525 in Kazan with population more than one million and in Naberezhnye Chelny with population more than 500.000. It is shown that the sexual behaviour of Kazan youth comparing with Chelny youth is more relaxed and active especially among of young men. Kazan young people take more care of health (both partners), more often use and have condoms by them and are seldom ingaged in unprotected sex.
A new approach to solving the problem of road traffic injuries in agricultural areas
Authors: Faizullin I. G.
Published: November 2021

In the Republic of Tatarstan from 1995 to the first half of 1999, there were 18,376 road traffic accidents (RTAs). They affected 23558 people, killed 3525 and injured 20033. The accident severity index averaged 14.8 during that period. Downward trends in the severity of accidents in 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998 were rather telling: 26.9; 17.6; 16.9; 13.7; 11.8. In spite of that, Tatarstan looks unfavorable against the background of other territories of the Russian Federation. In order to identify the cause-and-effect relations of the severity of traffic accidents, we conducted an in-depth study of them in the territory of cities and agricultural districts during this period.
“Critical” period in the development of epidemic process
Authors: Savilov E. D.
Published: November 2021

On the basis of general biological laws, connected with intrapopulational variety, the proposition proving that the optimum action time on the epidemic process is the minimum prevalence rate both in long-term and in year dynamics is substantiated. It is shown that both the parasite (shigellosis pathogenes) and host (patients with disenteria) have the least heterogeneity in the period of minimum disease intensity showing the instable state of parasitical system of the epidemic process. The proposition suggested is substantiated in the epidemiologic experiment on the model of disenteria. The epidemiologic experiment was carried out in five cities of East Siberia. The preventive measures made it possible to decrease shigellosis incidence.
Fabrication of dental implants with shape memory
Authors: Khafizov R. G.
Published: November 2021

Despite the successes achieved in the field of implantology, the creation of optimal structures for immediate dental implants currently remains the most pressing task. Various methods and technologies are used to create implants: manufacturing of implants by casting, milling, sintering (powder metallurgy), electrical discharge machining, etc. However, the successful functioning of direct implants largely depends on the accuracy of manufacturing, placement and their primary stabilization in the tooth wells.
Bacterial corneal ulcers in pediatric patients: Clinical and laboratory diagnostics. Part I
Authors: Kovaleva Ludmila
Published: November 2021

Bacterial corneal ulcer is the second most common complication of herpetic ulcer, but it is the most severe complication and has the highest progression rate. The main causative agents of bacterial corneal ulcers are Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The frequency of the detection of corneal ulcers caused by gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa has increased, which is characterized by a lightning-fast course and a high frequency of complications and adverse outcomes. Gonococcal corneal ulcer caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae is less common in pediatric patients than in adult patients, but it has the most aggressive disease course, which does not change with age. Bacterial corneal ulcers are one of the main causes of corneal blindness and can lead to endophthalmitis, corneal perforation, and eye loss within a short time. Clinical differential diagnostic signs allow us to assume, with a high degree of probability, the etiology at the first biomicroscopy and immediately begin etiotropic therapy, which is crucial for the outcomes of bacterial corneal ulcer. The standard laboratory examination of patients with bacterial corneal ulcer includes bacterioscopic and culture examinations of the contents of the conjunctival sac. This paper presents an up-to-date review of publications, clinical features, differential diagnostic criteria, laboratory diagnostic methods of bacterial corneal ulcers in pediatric patients
Multi-defect detection based on ultrasonic Lamb wave sign phase coherence factor imaging method
Authors: Zhang Meng-Ke , Fan Guo-Peng , Zhu Wen-Fa , Zheng Shu-Bin , Chai Xiao-Dong , Wei-Lv  , Hui-Zhang
Published: November 2021

The ultrasonic Lamb wave total focusing method (TFM) only uses the amplitude of the defective scattered signal for virtual focused imaging, while ignoring the phase information of the scattered signal and the dispersion characteristics of the Lamb wave, resulting in low imaging resolution
and easily produced artefacts in imaging. To solve this problem, an ultrasonic Lamb wave imaging method based on phase coherence is proposed in this paper and the sign coherence factor (SCF) in the full matrix scattering signal is extracted. Moreover, the method uses the SCF to weight the
amplitude of the full matrix scattering signal, suppresses the side lobes of the defect echo signal and the Lamb wave dispersion effect, improves the ultrasonic Lamb wave imaging resolution and weakens the artefacts. Finally, single- and multiplehole defects in aluminium plates are detected
for experimental validation using an ultrasonic phased array. The array performance indicator and signal-to-noise ratio are used as indicators for quantitative assessment of imaging performance. The results show that compared with the TFM imaging, the SCF imaging can effectively suppress the
noise and scattered signal side lobes, improve the array performance indicator (API) by 69.1% and improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by 73.9%. In addition, the SCF imaging can effectively weaken the interference of scattered signals between multiple through-hole defects, resulting in
fewer artefacts in imaging.
INFLUÊNCIA DA ESTRUTURA DE PROPRIEDADE FAMILIAR NA SUAVIZAÇÃO DE RESULTADOS
Authors: Gomes Wanderlan Praia , De Moura Geovanne Dias , Kruger Silvana Dalmutt , Gomes Anderlan Pereira
Published: November 2021

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a influência da estrutura de propriedade familiar na suavização de resultados das companhias abertas listadas na B3, no período de 2013 a 2017. Primeiramente foram feitas análises descritivas, tabulações cruzadas, estatística do Qui-Quadrado, teste de Kruskal-Wallis e posteriormente regressão logística. Os resultados demonstram aumento gradativo no número de empresas que adotaram práticas de suavização no período investigado. Tal resultado pode indicar que essas mesmas empresas tenham apresentado baixa lucratividade no período em questão, mascarando prejuízos e suavizando resultados. Constatou-se ainda, que o tipo de propriedade familiar é maioria entre as empresas pesquisadas. As empresas familiares tendem a adotar uma gestão conservadora, o que pode contribuir na suavização de resultados. Reportando menos lucro aos investidores, conseguem manter a política centralizada de sucessão, na qual, paga-se menos dividendos a terceiros e resguarda-se o capital familiar.
Developments and Opportunities for 3D Bioprinted Organoids
Authors: Ren Ya , Yang Xue , Ma Zhengjiang , Sun Xin , Zhang Yuxin , Li Wentao , Yang Han , Qiang Lei , Yang Zezheng , Liu Yihao , Deng Changxu , Zhou Liang , Wang Tianchang , Lin Jingsheng , Li Tao , Wu Tao , Wang Jinwu
Published: November 2021

Organoids developed from pluripotent stem cells or adult stem cells are three-dimensional cell cultures possessing certain key characteristics of their organ counterparts, and they can mimic certain biological developmental processes of organs in vitro. Therefore, they have promising applications in drug screening, disease modeling, and regenerative repair of tissues and organs. However, the construction of organoids currently faces numerous challenges, such as breakthroughs in scale size, vascularization, better reproducibility, and precise architecture in time and space. Recently, the application of bioprinting has accelerated the process of organoid construction. In this review, we present current bioprinting techniques and the application of bioinks and summarize examples of successful organoid bioprinting. In the future, a multidisciplinary combination of developmental biology, disease pathology, cell biology, and materials science will aid in overcoming the obstacles pertaining to the bioprinting of organoids. The combination of bioprinting and organoids with a focus on structure and function can facilitate further development of real organs.
A Dual-sensitive Hydrogel Based on Poly(Lactide-co-Glycolide)-Polyethylene GlycolPoly(Lactide-co-Glycolide) Block Copolymers for 3D Printing
Authors: Zhou Yang , Cui Yuecheng , Wang Li-Qun
Published: November 2021

The thermo-sensitive hydrogel formed by triblock copolymers of polyethylene glycols and aliphatic polyesters serves as a promising candidate for bioink due to its excellent biodegradability and biocompatibility. However, the thermocrosslinking alone cannot achieve a robust hydrogel to support the 3D printed constructs without collapse. Herein, a photocrosslinkable group was introduced into the triblock copolymers to achieve a dual-sensitive hydrogel. A triblock copolymer poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-polyethylene glycol-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) decorated with acrylate group in the chain end was prepared. The obtained aqueous solutions of the copolymers could transform into hydrogels with excellent shear thinning properties and rapid elastic recovery properties spontaneously on the increase of temperature. The resulted thermogels also allowed for photo-crosslinking by exposure to ultraviolet radiation, with storage modulus dramatically increased to stable the printed constructs. Through a two-step crosslinking strategy, complicated tissue-like constructs with high shape fidelity can be printed using the dual-sensitive inks. Moreover, the mechanical strength, swelling ratio, and printability of the hydrogels can be tuned by varying the substitution rate of the acrylate group without compromising the inks’ extrudability. We expect that the dual-sensitive hydrogels may be used as bioinks to print large constructs for applications in tissue engineering.
O Dedo Apontando a Lua: Experimentando o Contato entre Gestalt-terapia e Zen Budismo
Authors: PEREIRA Fábio Nogueira
Published: November 2021

At the turn of the twentieth century there is a growing interest in Eastern religions and philosophies among Western intellectuals. Some authors from this period and also contemporary ones point out that Buddhism is not characterized as a religion, nor a philosophy. Zen Buddhism presents itself as a methodology for training the mind in pursuit of personal development. In the middle of the last century, Gestalt therapy emerges amidst the dialogue of Western sciences with various oriental influences. There are currently few Brazilian publications that address the interfaces between these two traditions and this article seeks to discuss possible interfaces between the Gestalt approach and Zen. Thus, it briefly presents its history, some beliefs and concepts, and essential practices in order to invite the reader to reflect on meditation as an experiential practice and parallels observed between these traditions. Meditation and Gestalt Therapy are distinct paths, but some likelinesses denote the possibility of these methodologies being complementary to one another for personal development. This article also invites the reader to reflect on teaching and practicing meditation during clinical training and its clinical use. Palavras-chave : Gestalt therapy; Zen Buddhism; Meditation; Zazen; Experiment.
O Estágio de Convivência em Casos de Adoção: Uma Compreensão Fenomenológica
Authors: OLIVEIRA Laura Cristina Santos Damásio de , MAUX Ana Andréa Barbosa
Published: November 2021

This theoretical article has as its theme the stage of cohabitation in cases of adoption, a mandatory step in law in which children suitable for adoption pass to live with qualified candidates. It aimed to discuss adoptive filiation and how it occurs in the stage of cohabitation. Legally, this moment must be accompanied by psychosocial team that delivers technical opinion about it. But what happens in this process? What should be observed? A bibliographical review in three Databases concluded that productions on the subject are insipient, especially from the point of view of the Phenomenology. During the cohabitation stage, it's common for parents to try to please the child, or to fear their history, as well as the child try to please or to test limits. Following this period and discussing these issues enables everyone to inhabit this home and these relationships, contributing to greater security in the adoption implementation. Palavras-chave : Adoption; Phenomenology; Affiliation; Legal Processes.
A Angústia Existencial como Disposição Afetiva Fundamental para a Prática Psicoterápica
Authors: OLIVEIRA Guilherme Mareca de , BARROS Juliana Nunes de , Marcelo Rufino FERREIRA , SILVA Mardem Leandro
Published: November 2021

Anguish is a fundamental concept in the phenomenological-existential clinic. This affective disposition has in Martin Heidegger's work a privilege over other dispositions, since it, in its ontological character, is the engine of human existence. This paper aims to understand anguish as revealing the truth of Being-there in the psychotherapeutic process, based on the contributions of philosopher Heidegger and his commentators, especially exponents of phenomenological-existential psychology. Questions such as "What is the truth of Being-there?" And "What does anguish reveal about this truth?" Guided the construction of this work. The study is characterized as a qualitative research, whose methodology is bibliographic research. The results indicated that anguish reveals the truth of Being-there. What we call the truth is the essence of this being: having to be. It points to its ontological character of openness, its possibilities, its own power-being, freedom and the unveiling of the meaning of Being. Finally, the ontological anguish, not restricted to the psychotherapeutic process, moves Being-there and reveals possibilities that, by their very nature. through care makes its uniqueness possible. Thus, it is essential for the psychotherapist to understand distress, facilitating the patient's appropriation and accountability of what it reveals. Palavras-chave : Anguish; Heidegger; Truth; Being-there; Psycotherapy.
Evaluation of the efficiency of the problem of choosing the extreme values of the parameters of the parametric family of regenerating processes
Authors: Stroganov D.V. , Chernenky V.M.
Published: November 2021

Thus, the formal formulation of the problem of evaluating the effectiveness of search optimization procedures on simulation models of regenerating processes under strict time constraints has been completed. A procedure for parametric tuning of the optimization algorithm has been developed, which sequentially refines the values of the functional specified by the model and redistributes the remaining model regeneration cycles between the investigated values of the controlled parameter. The problem of maximizing the probability of the correct choice is posed and solved, i.e. selection, according to the results of the simulation experiment on the model of the regenerating process, of the value of the controlled parameter that delivers the true maximum to the investigated functional. Based on the transition to the Lagrangian, the solution to the constrained optimization problem is reduced to an unconstrained optimization problem. Analytical expressions are obtained to assess the optimal distribution of regeneration cycles. It is shown that the simulation model with the included search engine optimization algorithm provides solutions that are quite effective in terms of computational costs. As a result, a method is proposed for a simple extension of the developed simulation models by including a search optimization algorithm, which makes it possible to move from modeling the system to optimizing its objective function on a given area of controlled parameters.
Investigation of the attenuation of the fluxes of the low-energy plasma component of electric rocket engines by the ventilation holes of the unpressurized instrument compartment of the spacecraft
Authors: Maximov I.A. , Nadiradze A.B. , Rakhmatullin R.R. , Smirnov V.A. , Tikhomirov R.E. , Shaposhnikov V.V.
Published: November 2021

The results of an experimental study of the attenuation of the fluxes of the low-energy component of the plasma formed during the operation of electric propulsion engines (ERE), ventilation holes (VH) of the non-sealed equipment compartment (NSEC) of the spacecraft (SC) are presented. Authors studied the attenuation of plasma fluxes by standard VHs made in honeycomb panels that form the NSEC. A Hall-effect engine of the SPT-70 type was used as a plasma source. The experiment consisted of measuring the plasma concentration at the inlet and outlet of the VH. The concentration at the inlet was measured with a flat Langmuir probe, and at the outlet with a Faraday probe, which allows collecting all ions passing through the VH. The aim of the work was to study the weakening of the fluxes of the lowenergy component of the EJE plasma when passing through the VH in the honeycomb-nels that form the NSEC. Based on the experimental data, a semi-empirical model was constructed that describes the dependence of the attenuation coefficient of plasma flows on the geometric parameters of the vent-holes. It has been established that a vent-holes of this design attenuates the plasma flows by 102 ... 104 times. The largest contribution to the weakening of plasma fluxes is made by the honeycomb filler, which is due to the recombination of ions during their collision with the channel walls. Taking into account the attenuation of the fluxes of the low-energy component of the plasma of electric rocket engines by ventilation holes is a key stage in assessing the effect of plasma on the power on-board equipment of spacecraft and should be used by spacecraft developers when analyzing the resistance to this factor.
Efficient technology for the extraction of non-ferrous metals from liquid production waste
Authors: Inyukhin M.V. , Korzhavyi A.P. , Maksimov V.V. , Shatalov V.K.
Published: November 2021

The results of the study of Cu(II) to Cu(I) reduction process in chloride-sulfate solutions under the action of carbon monoxide at atmospheric pressure in the presence of palladium chloride(II) acting as catalyst are reported. This process is described by general equation: 2Cu2+ +2SO2-4 +2Cl +CO+H O- 2 →Pd(II) 2CuCl+CO +2H +2SO2 + 2-4 . It has been shown product mix in the sediment obtained hydrocarbonyl process. Thus, the recovery process Cu(II) → Cu(I) with the action of CO is catalyzed by Pd(II) in the initial stage, and then develops in an autocatalytic mode with the subsequent redox decomposition intermediate. As a reducing agent serve ligand molecules of CO which are in activated state: CO+HO=CO +2H +2e2 2 + .
Formation of the appearance of a promising airborne radar system for a helicopter in the Arctic region of the RF
Authors: Kanashchenkov A.I. , Ananenkov A.E. , Matveev A.M. , Okhotnikov D.A.
Published: November 2021

The intensification of the development of the Arctic region requires an increase in the intensity of transport support, one of the most common types of which is helicopter transport. One of the ways to improve flight safety is to equip helicopter equipment with highly informative onboard radar stations. It is necessary to justify the appearance, technical characteristics and principles of creating a promising radar system for helicopters. In this paper, the concept of building a promising airborne radar system for a helicopter in the Arctic region of the Russian Federation is proposed and considered. The main tasks are defined, on the basis of which the requirements for the technical characteristics of the complex are formulated. The variants of equipment construction based on the existing scientific and technical groundwork with the use of the basic principles of design and organization of serial production of the 4++generation are considered. The use of onboard radar systems will improve the quality of information support for pilots and will improve the safety of helicopter transport in the context of the intensification of development of the Arctic region.
Development of differential correction of coordinate-time and consumer navigation support based on trajectory data comparisons
Authors: Zhukov A.O. , Kupriyanov N.A. , Logunov S.V. , Khegai D.K. , Sidorov B.P.
Published: November 2021

The article deals with the use of the results of measuring the catalogued space objects coordinates by a radar station for long-range detection in the interests of differential correction of coordinate-time and navigation support for consumers. We describe the idea of comparing trajectory data that allows us to calculate the total electronic content in the direction of a catalyzed space object under the assumption of a thin layer at the height of the ionosphere maximum. The main stages of the method of differential correction of coordinates-but-time and navigation support for consumers based on the results of comparing trajectory data are described. The results of modeling are presented, which allow us to evaluate the possible positive effect when using the proposed approach.
A mathematical model of the functional reliability of radio electronic means, taking into account their predicted technical condition
Authors: Masyukov K.P. , Konovalov D.Yu.
Published: November 2021

The requirement for the adaptability of mathematical models of systems for processing technical information and functionality (SOTIF) of radio electronic means (RES) should be understood as the need to take into account the main features of the RES in the system model, as well as the complexity (a large number of elements, multi-mode, etc.) and a significant difference in elements RES by the nature of the degradation processes occurring in them, manifested in the differences in their probabilistic characteristics of reliability. The mathematical model of SOTIF RES should take into account the fact that, on the one hand, the real properties of the reliability of the RES may change in the process of targeted use under the influence of external factors, and on the other hand, the available information on the reliability of the RES is always incomplete and inaccurate. Therefore, it is necessary that the mathematical model of the system provides for the possibility of entering additional (a posteriori) information and recalculating the previously found optimal terms and volumes of technical impacts. Goal of the work is to form a reflective model of the change in the state of the RES with the features and at the same time the difficulties of the need to use the composition of the distribution laws, including the a priori and empirical (a posteriori) components. An approach is proposed, according to which, as elements of the REM sample, parts of the equipment are distinguished, which are covered by the influence of given preventive operations. The distribution laws of the operating time to failure of the selected elements can be specified by any functions corresponding to increasing (or increasing on average) functions of the failure rates. In the developed model, the empirical component, in turn, includes two components due to structural and parametric failures (structural and parametric components). A mathematical model of the functional reliability of the RES has been developed and the information-significant characteristics of the reliability of the RES have been demonstrated.
The point free Colombeau geometry in singular general relativity
Authors: Foukzon Ja. , Potapov A.A. , Men'kova E.R.
Published: November 2021

The problem statement. We argue that the canonical interpretation of the Schwarzschild spacetime in contemporary general relativity is wrong and that revision is needed. And we argue that the Schwarzschild solution is impossible to treat classically, since the Levi-Cività connection is not available for the whole Schwarzschild spacetime (Sch,gijSch (t r, , ,θϕ)) ; where Sch=×(({r ≥ 2m} {∪ ≤ ≤0 r 2m})×S2) ; but it can only be treated by using an embedding of the classical Schwarzschild metric tensor gijSch; ,i j =1,2,3,4 into Colombeau algebra δ(4,Σ),Σ= ={r 2m} {∪ =r 0} supergeneralized functions. The classical Schwarzschild spacetime could be extended up to the distributional semi-Riemannian manifold endowed on the tangent bundle with the Colombeau distributional metric tensor. The aim. The development of new physical interpretation for the distributional curvature scalar (Rε( )r )ε and square scalar (Rεμν( )r Rμνε, ( )r )ε, (Rερσμν( )r Rρδμνε, ( )r )εis aimed. Results. The Schwarzschild solution using Colombeau distributional geometry without leaving Schwarzschild coordinates (t r, , ,θϕ) is studied. We obtain that the distributional Ricci tensor and the curvature scalar are δ-type, (R rε( ))ε=−m rδ( − 2m) ,>0 . The practical value. As distributional square scalars are essentially nonclassical Colombeau type distributions: (Rεμν( )r Rμνε, ( )r )ε, (Rερσμν( )r Rρσμνε, ( )r )ε∈(3 )\ ′(3 ), this provides a new physical interpretation for the distributional curvature scalar (R rε( ))ε and square scalars (Rεμν( )r Rμνε, ( )r )ε, (Rερσμν( )r Rρδμνε, ( )r )ε.
Laser generation on weak modes in graphene structure with asymmetric unit cell
Authors: Mashinsky K.V. , Popov V.V. , Fateev D.V.
Published: November 2021

Problem formulating. Lasing on strong («radiative») plasmon resonance mode in graphene structure with dual grating gate with asymmetric unit cell requires strong gain. It is possible to achieve lasing in a weak ("non-radiative") mode at a lower gain rate. Goal. Theoretical study of laser generation on weak plasmonic resonance mode in single layer graphene structure screened by dual grating gate with asymmetric unit cell. Result. Laser generation on weak plasmonic resonance mode in single layer graphene structure screened by dual grating gate with asymmetric unit cell is reached. Excitation of a weak plasmon resonance mode requires less gain than excitation of a radiative one. Practical meaning. Results can be used to create sources of terahertz waves.