bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Swiss Сonfedеration experience on reception of migrants
Authors: Voronina N. A.
Published: January 2020

The experience of Swiss Confederation in the field of integration of immigrants – one of the most economically developed countries of the world, occupying the leading position in Europe on the rate of foreign population in general demographic structure, – has been examined in the article. Evolution of the notions of “integration”, “social assimilation”, “acculturation” and others has been considered and different scientific approaches of Western researches to these notions have been adduced. Swiss immigration policy for the past decades has been traced and the modern integration policy of the country in the field of integration of foreign citizens into receiving society has been analyzed. A detailed analysis of the Swiss normative and legal framework in the field of migration, asylum and integration has been made also, and active development of migration laws over the last decade has been noted. Swiss migration politics, like in other developed Western countries-recipients of foreign labor, contains both: immigration policy (control over entry and stay of foreigners in the country) and policy of integration towards foreigners subject to integration processes.

The process of integration of a foreign citizen into a new socio-economic, political and cultural environment is a complex, multidimensional phenomenon. There is a developed and scientifically grounded system of reception, accommodation and integration of foreigners and asylum seekers in Switzerland, which is based on constitutional values, respect and mutual tolerance. At the core of this system is a general strategy of integration, which constitutes a country’s core policy of integration and covers various areas: law, politics, labour issues, housing, education, culture and religion. In order to implement the policy of integration, in Switzerland there are being developed and implemented federal and cantonal integration programs. Integration processes management is administered through the developed system of state authorities at federal, cantonal and other levels, with active participation of different public organizations, including migrant organizations. Federal Council publishes reports on development of integration policy in the country, Federal Migration Office issues annual reports, numerous scientific researches on the theme are being conducted. At present each canton has its own Integration program, designed in accordance with the Modal cantonal program, that allows to implement different integration models, depending on regional requirements and priorities.
International educational migration as a “soft power resource” in the globalization era
Authors: Suvorova V. A. , Bronnikov I. A.
Published: January 2020

The international educational migration as a resource of «soft power» of the state has been analyzed in the article. Based on comprehensive analysis of the existing definitions of educational migration the author’s interpretation of this concept have been proposed. Based on the data of UNESCO, the Institute of international education of the United States, the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation the statistics of international educational migration has been presented and analyzed. The main emphasis has been made on such categories of international educational migrants as students (bachelors, masters), postgraduate students. The reasons for the popularity of foreign students in countries such as Canada and the United States have been described. Based on the study two groups of factors have been highlighted: external and internal (motivational) factors, influencing decision-making in choosing the country of study.

Based on the data of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, the advantages of education in Russia have been analyzed. The issue of adaptation of foreign students in Russian universities has been considered: first-year curatorial programs, the Institute of student fellowships. It has been concluded hat Russian universities have a wealth of experience in teaching and adaptation of foreign students.

The concepts and projects to attract foreign students to the Russian Federation also have been described in detail. Special attention to two projects “5–100” and “Export of Russian education” has been paid. The Federal Agency for the Commonwealth of Independent States Affairs, Compatriots Living Abroad, and International Humanitarian Cooperation (Rossotrudnichestvo) as one of the main institutions in the export of Russian education has been designated. The measures to attract foreign students to Russian universities have been proposed.
Characteristics of the transportation structure of the transport-logistical complex and its dynamics
Authors: Abdyusheva D. R. , Stepanov A. A.
Published: January 2020

The structure and dynamics of the transport and logistics complex transportation have been deseribed in the article. The analysis of the current state of the transport-forwarding service market allows to distinguish significant market changes in terms of improving technologies and modernizing logistics schemes. Today, transport, communications, Internet technologies, systems of customer relationship management and expeditionary infrastructure are part of human life and are type of international interaction at the global, regional and intercountry levels. The structure of the market of freight forwarding services is a complex mechanism of relations between factors and structures, that can ensure the density of the market under the influence of factors of the macroeconomic environment. In the structure of the studied forwarding, services there is a number of small systems, that fully interact with each other: industrial, market, organizational, assortment, production and technological, territorial, institutional, social and other structures.

Modern Russia has a powerful, diversified, transport complex; all types of transport are represented on its territory. However, Russia is not the leader in the world market of transport and logistics services, in terms of the share of countries in world freight turnover. Russia is inferior to the positions of the United States, China and other European countries. The structure of the cargo transportation throughout the transport and forwarding complex of Russia is quite heterogeneous. The fact has been highlighted, that in the structure of transported goods a trend of growth in the volume of transportation of low-income goods against the background of a stable level of transportation volumes of high-yield cargo is observed. In terms of warehouses, Russia is also not in the lead; for expeditionary services. Russia is inferior to all European countries, but the modern development of digital technologies will help Russia reach the world level of service.
Prioritizing factors affecting Iranian non-oil export using group decision making approach based on hierarchical analysis process
Authors: Mohammadbeigi K. F. , Daniali S. , Mohammadbeiki Y.
Published: January 2020

Iran’s economy has three sectors: hydrocarbons, agriculture and services. Due to the historical trend, Iranian economy is under the influence of government governance in production and services. Considering the role of non-oil exports and the over-reliance of Iranian economy on petroleum and petroleum products, it is necessary to conduct a research to determine the factors, which affect non-oil export.

Since oil revenues are not considered as a reliable source of revenue for the government due to their volatility, development of non-oil export is one of the major goals of Iranian most important goals. If the goals, set in this area will be achieved, the country’s position will be improved in terms of foreign exchange, curbing the volatility, caused by oil prices and gaining economic and competitive advantages in the global arena. The most important issue in the development of nonoil exports is the liberalization of economic capacity through new investments.

In this article all factors, affecting non-oil exports have been determined, based on studying literature. Considering a survey of 32 executives and experts of Fajre Jam Refining Company as one of the most important condensate exporter companies in the country and region, the most important of them have been identified and then categorized using the affinity graph approach. Pairwise comparisons were used to weight the main and sub-factors with the participation of 10 executives and experts of the mentioned company within the framework of the analytic hierarchy process in expert choice software.
Problems of developing a strategic planning methodology for regional socio-economic systems
Authors: Ataeva A. G.
Published: January 2020

The issues of the methodology for developing regional strategies have been considered in three aspects: firstly, from the position of restrictions on the use of traditional strategic planning schools in relation to the regional socio-economic systems; secondly, in the context of the characteristics of the region as an object of strategic planning; thirdly, taking into account modern realities of information technology development and management decision-making tools. It has been it has been revealed, that traditional strategic management schools take into account only a certain aspect of strategizing and have limited application for regional systems. The peculiarities of the region have been have been disclosed as an open complex system, occupying an intermediate level in the public administration system, characterized by a non-linear development and informational openness of management.

The complex nature of a region affects the fact, that a regional strategy is a mechanism for coordinating the long-term interests of various stakeholders of a territory. This happens both through their participation in determining strategic priorities and selecting specific strategic projects at the goal setting stage, and through the use of special model tools, which are characterized by the presence of built-in interaction loops for different classes of economic situations and allowing them to adapt their resource strategies while agreeing on common goals of functioning. It has been ascertained, that the current stage of economic development is characterized by features related to the development of information technologies and management decision-making tools, which determines the need to expand the methodological and methodical base of the regional strategic planning.

In total, the analysis shows, that in the context of the adaptive behavior of economic agents of the region, the uncertain external and internal environment, traditional methodological approaches and methodical tools become of little use in the actual practice of regional governance. The effective direction of improving the methods of strategic planning in these conditions is the use of adaptive management and simulation modeling technologies based on modern information technologies.
Post-Combustion Capture or Direct Air Capture in Decarbonizing US Natural Gas Power?
Authors: Azarabadi Habib , Lackner Klaus S.
Published: January 2020

This analysis investigates the cost of carbon capture from the US natural gas-fired electricity generating fleet comparing two technologies: Post-Combustion Capture and Direct Air Capture (DAC). Many Natural Gas Combined Cycle (NGCC) units are suitable for post-combustion capture. We estimated the cost of post-combustion retrofits and investigated the most important unit characteristics contributing to this cost. Units larger than 350 MW, younger than 15 years, more efficient than 42% and with a utilization (capacity factor) higher than 0.5 are economically retrofittable. Counterintuitively, DAC (which is usually not considered for point-source capture) may be cheaper in addressing emissions from non-retrofittable NGCCs. DAC can also address the residual emissions from retrofitted plants. Moreover, economic challenges of post-combustion capture for small natural gas-fired units with low utilization, such as gas turbines, make DAC look favorable for these units. Considering the cost of post-combustion capture for the entire natural gas-related emissions after incorporating the impact of learning-by-doing for both carbon capture technologies, DAC is the cheaper capture solution for at least 1/3 of all emissions.
Divergent Adsorption-Dependent Luminescence of Amino- Functionalized Lanthanide Metal-Organic Frameworks for Highly Sensitive NO2 Sensors
Authors: Gamonal Arturo , Sun Chen , Mariano A. Lorenzo , Fernandez-Bartolome Estefania , SanVicente Elena , Vlaisavljevich Bess , Castells-Gil Javier , Martí-Gastaldo Carlos , Poloni Roberta , Wannemacher Reinhold , Cabanillas-Gonzalez Juan , Sanchez Costa José
Published: January 2020

A novel gas sensing mechanism exploiting the luminescence modulation upon NO2 adsorption is here demonstrated. Two isostructural lanthanide based-metal-organic frameworks are used including a recognition center (aminogroup) that provides high selectivity for NO2 molecules. Energy transfer from the organic ligands to Ln is strongly dependent on the presence of NO2, resulting in an unprecedented photoluminescent sensing scheme. Thereby, NO2 exposition triggers either a reversible enhancement or a decrease of the luminescence intensity, depending on the lanthanide ion (Eu or Tb). Our experimental studies combined with DFT and complete active space self-consistent field calculations, provide understanding of the nature and effects of NO2 interactions within the MOFs and the signal transduction mechanism.
Cooperative and Synchronized Rotation in Motorized Porous Frameworks: Impact on Local and Global Transport Properties of Confined Fluids
Authors: Evans Jack D. , Krause Simon , Feringa Ben L.
Published: January 2020

Molecules in gas and liquid states, as well as in solution, exhibit significant and random Brownian motion. Molecules in the solid-state, although strongly immobilized, can still exhibit significant intramolecular dynamics. However, in most framework materials, these intramolecular dynamics are driven by temperature, and therefore are neither controlled nor spatially or temporarily aligned. In recent years, several examples of molecular machines that allow for a stimuli-responsive control of dynamical motion, such as rotation, have been reported.

In this contribution, we investigate the local and global properties of a Lennard-Jones (LJ) fluid surrounding a molecular motor and consider the influence of cooperative and non-directional rotation for a molecular motor-containing pore system. This study uses classical molecular dynamics simulations to describe a minimal model, which was developed to resemble known molecular motors. The properties of an LJ liquid surrounding an isolated molecular mo-tor remain mostly unaffected by the introduced rotation. We then considered an arrangement of motors within a one-dimensional pore. Changes in diffusivity for pore sizes approaching the length of the rotor were observed, resulting from rotation of the motors. We also considered the influence of cooperative motor directionality on the directional transport properties of this con-fined fluid. Importantly, we discovered that specific unidirectional rotation of altitudinal motors can produce directed diffusion.

This study provides an essential insight into molecular machine-containing frameworks, highlighting the specific structural arrangements that can produce directional mass transport.
Accessing the Two-Electron Charge Storage Capacity of MnO2 in Mild Aqueous Electrolytes
Authors: Mateos Mickaël , Makivic Nikolina , Kim Yee-Seul , Limoges Benoit , Balland Véronique
Published: January 2020

Rechargeable batteries based on MnO2 cathodes, able to operate in mild aqueous electrolytes, have attracted remarkable attention due to their appealing features for the design of low-cost stationary energy storage devices. However, the charge/discharge mechanism of MnO2 in such media is still unclear and a matter of debate. Here, an in-depth quantitative spectroelectrochemical analysis of MnO2 thin-films provides a set of important new mechanistic insights. A major finding is that charge storage occurs through the reversible two electron faradaic conversion of MnO2 into water-soluble Mn2+ in the presence of a wide range of weak Brønsted acids, including the [Zn(H2O)6]2+ or [Mn(H2O)6]2+ complexes commonly present in aqueous Zn/MnO2 batteries. Furthermore, it is evidenced that buffered electrolytes loaded with Mn2+ are ideal to achieve highly reversible conversion of MnO2 with both high gravimetric capacity and remarkably stable charging/discharging potentials. In the most favorable case, a record gravimetric capacity of 450 mA·h·g-1 was obtained at a high rate of 1.6 A·g-1, with a coulombic efficiency close to 100% and a MnO2 utilization of 84%. Overall, the present results challenge the common view on MnO2 charge storage mechanism in mild aqueous electrolytes and underline the benefit of buffered electrolytes for high-performance rechargeable aqueous batteries.
On the Nature of Alkali Ion−Water Interactions: Insights from Many-Body Representations and Density Functional Theory. II.
Authors: Egan Colin K. , Bizzarro Brandon B. , Riera Marc , Lab Paesani
Published: January 2020

Interaction energies of alkali ion−water dimers, M+(H2O), and trimers, M+(H2O)2, with M = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, are investigated using various many-body potential energy functions, and exchange correlation functionals selected across the hierarchy of density functional theory approximations. Analysis of interaction energy decompositions indicates that close range interactions such as Pauli repulsion, charge transfer, and charge penetration must be captured in order to reproduce accurate interaction energies. In particular, it is found that simple classical polarizable models must be supplemented with dedicated terms which account for these close range interactions in order to achieve chemical accuracy across configuration space. It is also found that the XC functionals mostly differ from each other in their Pauli repulsion + Dispersion energies, and hence benefit from the inclusion of nonlocal terms such as Hartree-Fock exchange and dependence on the electronic kinetic energy density in order to reproduce the interactions that contribute to this term, namely Pauli repulsion and (intermediate-range) dispersion. As a continuation of the analysis performed in J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2019, 15, 2983, we make comparisons between findings for alkali ion−water interactions with those for halide−water interactions.
Influence of Flexible Side-Chains on the Breathing Phase Transition of Pillared Layer MOFs: A Force Field Investigation
Authors: Keupp Julian , Dürholt Johannes P. , Schmid Rochus
Published: January 2020

The prototypical pillared layer MOFs, formed by a square lattice of paddle-

wheel units and connected by dinitrogen pillars, can undergo a breathing phase

transition by a “wine-rack” type motion of the square lattice. We studied this not

yet fully understood behavior using an accurate first principles parameterized force

field (MOF-FF) for larger nanocrystallites on the example of Zn 2 (bdc) 2 (dabco) [bdc:

benzenedicarboxylate, dabco: (1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane)] and found clear indi-

cations for an interface between a closed and an open pore phase traveling through

the system during the phase transformation [Adv. Theory Simul. 2019, 2, 11]. In

conventional simulations in small supercells this mechanism is prevented by periodic

boundary conditions (PBC), enforcing a synchronous transformation of the entire

crystal. Here, we extend this investigation to pillared layer MOFs with flexible

side-chains, attached to the linker. Such functionalized (fu-)MOFs are experimen-

tally known to have different properties with the side-chains acting as fixed guest

molecules. First, in order to extend the parameterization for such flexible groups,

1a new parametrization strategy for MOF-FF had to be developed, using a multi-

structure force based fit method. The resulting parametrization for a library of

fu-MOFs is then validated with respect to a set of reference systems and shows very

good accuracy. In the second step, a series of fu-MOFs with increasing side-chain

length is studied with respect to the influence of the side-chains on the breathing

behavior. For small supercells in PBC a systematic trend of the closed pore volume

with the chain length is observed. However, for a nanocrystallite model a distinct

interface between a closed and an open pore phase is visible only for the short chain

length, whereas for longer chains the interface broadens and a nearly concerted trans-

formation is observed. Only by molecular dynamics simulations using accurate force

fields such complex phenomena can be studied on a molecular level.
Discovery of Antibacterial Agents Inhibiting the Energy-Coupling Factor (ECF) Transporters by Structure-Based Virtual Screening
Authors: Diamanti Eleonora , Setyawati Inda , Bousis Spyridon , mojas leticia , Swier lotteke , Haupenthal Jörg , Gibson Paddy , volz carsten , stanek weronika , Jaeger manuel , herrmann jennifer , veening jan-willem , müller rolf , slotboom dirk J. , Hirsch Anna K.H.
Published: January 2020

Here, we report on the virtual screening, design, synthesis and structure–activity relationships (SARs) of the first class of selective, antibacterial agents against the energy-coupling factor (ECF) transporters. The ECF transporters are a family of transmembrane proteins involved in the uptake of vitamins in a wide range of bacteria. Inhibition of the activity of these proteins could reduce the viability of pathogens that depend on vitamin uptake. Because of their central role in the metabolism of bacteria and their absence in humans, ECF transporters are novel potential antimicrobial targets to tackle infection. The hit compound’s metabolic and plasma stability, the potency (20, MIC Streptococcus pneumoniae = 2 µg/mL), the absence of cytotoxicity and a lack of resistance development under the conditions tested here suggest that this scaffold may represent a promising starting point for the development of novel antimicrobial agents with an unprecedented mechanism of action.
Learning from the Past: Possible Urgent Prevention and Treatment Options for Severe Acute Respiratory Infections Caused by 2019-nCoV
Authors: Morse Jared S. , Lalonde Tyler , Xu Shiqing , Liu Wenshe
Published: January 2020

With the current trajectory of the 2019-nCoV outbreak unknown, public health and medicinal measures will both be needed to contain spreading of the virus and to optimize patient outcomes. While little is known about the virus, an examination of the genome sequence shows strong homology with its more well-studied cousin, SARS-CoV. The spike protein used for host cell infection shows key nonsynonymous mutations which may hamper efficacy of previously developed therapeutics but remains a viable target for the development of biologics and macrocyclic peptides. Other key drug targets, including RdRp and 3CLpro, share a strikingly high (>95%) homology to SARS-CoV. Herein, we suggest 4 potential drug candidates (an ACE2-based peptide, remdesivir, 3CLpro-1 and a novel vinylsulfone protease inhibitor) that can be used to treat patients suffering with the 2019-nCoV. We also summarize previous efforts into drugging these targets and hope to help in the development of broad spectrum anti-coronaviral agents for future epidemics.
Nanoparticles’ and Atoms’ Geometry-Wave Potential Quantified and Unified Properties
Authors: Tian Zheng
Published: January 2020

By quantizing the surface-to-volume ratio into a wave-number, this work has introduced a geometro-wave (GW) energy that fits linearly with atoms' and nanoparticles "size-dependent" properties of many types. The data linear fittings consistently support that nanoparticle's atomistic nature is the surface atom-layering that resembles the atom surface electron-layering and governs both atoms and nanoparticles geometry-dependent properties.
NCIPLOT4: A New Step Towards a Fast Quantification of Noncovalent Interactions
Authors: Boto Roberto , Peccati Francesca , Laplaza Rubén , quan chaoyu , Carbone Alessandra , Piquemal Jean-Philip , Maday Yvon , Contreras-García Julia
Published: January 2020

The quantification of noncovalent interactions in big systems is of crucial importance for understanding the structure and function of biosystems. The NCI method [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132 , 6498 (2010)] enables to identify attractive and repulsive noncovalent interactions from promolecular densities in a fast manner. However, the approach remained up to now visual/qualitative, the relationship with energetics was conspicuously missing. We present a new version of NCIPLOT which allows quantifying the properties of the NonCovalent Interaction (NCI) regions in a fast manner. In order to do so, the definition of NCI volumes is introduced, which allows quantification of intra and intermolecular NCI properties in big systems where wavefunctions are not available. The connection between these integrals and energetics is reviewed for benchmark systems (S668), showing that our simple approach can lead to GGAquality energies while scaling with the number of atoms involved in the interaction (not the total number of atoms). The new implementation also includes an adaptive grid which allows the computation in a fast, parallelizable and efficient computational environment. The relationship with energetics derived from force fields is highlighted

and the faster algorithm exploited to analyze the evolution of interactions along MD trajectories. Through machine learning algorithms we characterize the relevance of NCI integrals in understanding the energetics of big systems, which is then applied in revealing the energetic changes along conformational changes, as well as identifying the atoms involved. This simple approach enables to identify the driving forces in biomolecular structural changes both at the spatial and energetic levels, while going beyond a mere parametrized-distances analysis.
Common upper respiratory tract infection leading to uncommon retropharyngeal abscess - A case series on paediatrics
Authors: Lalduhawmi T C  , Diya C  , Keerthana Arjunan  , Jerlin Anusha R  , Keerthana Chandrasekar
Published: January 2020

Retropharyngeal abscess is the formation of pus in retropharyngeal space, which occurs as a frequent complication of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URI). It is commonly seen in children less than 5 years old. The clinical manifestations includes neck mass, fever, cervical lymphadenopathy, neck stiffness, agitation, cough, drooling, torticollis, respiratory distress, stridor, and with signs of tonsillitis, pharyngitis, and otitis media. The first-line treatment includes drugs such as ampicillin-sulbactam and clindamycin. This case series highlights the complications of untreated upper respiratory tract infection leading to retropharyngeal abscess. Oral hygiene should be maintained to prevent future complications. Two patients were admitted in the paediatric inpatient unit and were diagnosed as a case of retropharyngeal abscess, following for which their management was done. After assessing, the clinical presentations and management scenario of the patients, age, and poor hygienic conditions are associated with the patients' risk factors for acquiring Retropharyngeal Abscess. In paediatrics, maintaining hygiene, especially oral hygiene and early diagnosis can prevent future complications of retropharyngeal abscess.
Antibiotics and its altered pharmacokinetics in the pediatric population : An evidence-based review
Authors: Keerthana Chandrasekar  , Diya C  , Arun KP
Published: January 2020

A better understanding of altered pharmacokinetic variables in the pediatric population is important to improve both the safety and efficacy of drug therapy. Even though pediatric patients are now considered as a special population for drug therapy, it should not give us the wrong idea of considering them like mini-adults. The difference in their pharmacokinetics may be attributed to the radical anatomical and physiological changes that happen with age. Antimicrobials are one of the most prescribed therapeutic agents, and they are used in the treatment of numerous infections. Children are always susceptible to various infections, which often results in their exposure to a wide variety of antibiotics at such an early age. Recent studies showed higher rates of antibiotic prescribing in the pediatric population. The pediatric population requires more attention when prescribing antibiotics due to the increased probability of serious adverse effects, the time required for the complete development of the organs, and augmented drug resistance.
UPAYA PELESTARIAN BANGUNAN CAGAR BUDAYA PADA KAWASAN OBSERVATORIUM BOSSCHA, LEMBANG, JAWA BARAT
Authors: Rangkuti ; Harastoeti D. Hartono Widyana Wiza Kesuma
Published: January 2020

Abstrak- Menurut UU No.11 tahun 2010, cagar budaya adalah warisan budaya bersifat kebendaan berupa benda cagar budaya, bangunan cagar budaya, struktur cagar budaya, situs cagar budaya, dan kawasan cagar budaya di darat atau di air yang perlu dilestarikan keberadaannya karena memiliki nilai penting bagi sejarah, ilmu pengetahuan, pendidikan, agama dan kebudayaan melalui proses penetapan. Seluruh elemen atau hal yang patut disematkan status Cagar Budaya tentu memiliki beberapa kriteria dan batasan tersendiri untuk kemudian dijadikan salah satu upaya pelestarian yang dilakukan untuk elemen tersebut.Sejak rampungnya pembangunan sebagai salah satu pusat penelitian benda langit pada masa itu, fungsi utama dari Observatorium Bosscha hingga saat ini masih berjalan sesuai fungsi awal dirancangnya bangunan tersebut. Sehingga dengan adanya fakta ini membuat Observatorium Bosscha memiliki seluruh kriteria yang dibutuhkan oleh baik segubah maupun kawasan untuk memiliki status sebagai Bangunan/Kawasan Cagar Budaya.Penetapan lokasi berdirinya Observatorium Bosscha jelas beralasan, di mana ketika awal perencanaan pada tahun 1920an, Kota Lembang menjadi lokasi yang strategis dalam pembangunan sebuah Observatorium. Tetapi dewasa ini, Observatorium Bosscha memiliki kendala, di mana kendala yang di hadapi adalah pembangunan permukiman di Kota Lembang yang pesat dan tidak bisa dihindari. Hal ini membuat fungsi utama dari Observatorium Bosscha terganggu oleh beberapa aspek yang di antaranya adalah beberapa fungsi yang dimiliki oleh Kawasan Observatorium Bosscha dan fungsi utama yang terganggu oleh faktor lingkungan. Dengan terjadinya beberapa gangguan yang jelas cukup mengganggu fungsi utama dari Observatorium Bosscha membuat beberapa pihak yang tekait melakukan sejumlah upaya dalam rangka melestarikan Observatorium Bosscha sebagai Bangunan Cagar Budaya Nasional. Seluruh upaya pelestarian yang telah dilakukan memiliki acuan yaitu tinjauan hukum yang berlaku.Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah upaya pelestarian yang telah dilakukan baik tertulis maupun fisik dapat mempertahankan fungsi utama Observatorium Bosscha sebagai pusat pengamatan benda langit.Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif, data diperoleh dari studi literatur, pengamatan langung ke lapangan, serta wawancara terhadap pihak Observatorium Bosscha. Akan diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa beberapa upaya pelestarian yang dilakukan masih ada yang belum optimal dilakukan mengingat dasar hukum sebagai acuan untuk segala tindakan yang dilakukan belum memiliki batasan yang jelas dalam perlindungan fungsi utama dari Observatorium Bosscha.
Chronic kidney disease of non-traditional origin in Mesoamerica: a disease primarily driven by occupational heat stress
Authors: Wesseling Catharina , Glaser Jason , Rodríguez-Guzmán Julieta , Weiss Ilana , Lucas Rebekah , Peraza Sandra , da Silva Agnes Soares , Hansson Erik , Johnson Richard J. , Hogstedt Christer , Wegman David H. , Jakobsson Kristina
Published: January 2020

The death toll of the epidemic of chronic kidney disease of nontraditional origin (CKDnt) in Mesoamerica runs into the tens of thousands, affecting mostly young men. There is no consensus on the etiology. Anecdotal evidence from the 1990s pointed to work in sugarcane; pesticides and heat stress were suspected. Subsequent population-based surveys supported an occupational origin with overall high male-female ratios in high-risk lowlands, but small sex differences within occupational categories, and low prevalence in non-workers. CKDnt was reported in sugarcane and other high-intensity agriculture, and in non-agricultural occupations with heavy manual labor in hot environments, but not among subsistence farmers. Recent studies with stronger designs have shown cross-shift changes in kidney function and hydration biomarkers and cross-harvest kidney function declines related to heat and workload. The implementation of a water-rest-shade intervention midharvest in El Salvador appeared to halt declining kidney function among cane cutters. In Nicaragua a water-rest-shade program appeared sufficient to prevent kidney damage among cane workers with low-moderate workload but not among cutters with heaviest workload. Studies on pesticides and infectious risk factors have been largely negative. Non-occupational risk factors do not explain the observed epidemiologic patterns. In conclusion, work is the main driver of the CKDnt epidemic in Mesoamerica, with occupational heat stress being the single uniting factor shown to lead to kidney dysfunction in affected populations. Sugarcane cutters with extreme heat stress could be viewed as a sentinel occupational population. Occupational heat stress prevention is critical, even more so in view of climate change.
Ti6Al4V Malzemesinin Frezelenmesinde Takım Titreşiminin Yüzey Pürüzlülüğüne Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ORAL Okan , ÇOLAK Oğuz , BAYHAN Mustafa
Published: January 2020

Talaşı imalatta önemli bir alan
olan frezeleme işlemleri çok yönlü bir imalat biçimi olup endüstride oldukça
yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Frezeleme işleminin istenilen hassasiyetle
yapılamaması malzeme üzerinde bazı mekanik sorunlara ve hatta malzeme kayıplarına
yol açmaktadır. Ekonomik değeri yüksek olan malzemenin atıl duruma gelmesi
zaman, para ve iş gücü kaybına neden olmaktadır. Hata tespit ve tahmini, ürün
kalitesini yükseltmek, kullanılan malzeme masraflarını azaltmak ve zamandan
tasarruf sağlamak için önemli bir işleve sahiptir. Yapılan bu çalışmada,
frezeleme işlemi sırasında, kesici takımda oluşan mekanik titreşimlerin yüzey
kalitesi üzerindeki etkileri deneysel olarak incelenmiştir. Yapılan testlerde
titanyum (Ti6Al4V) iş parçası kullanılmıştır. Test parametreleri, 4 farklı
seviyede kesme hızı (Vc m/dk), 4 farklı seviyede ilerleme oranı (f mm/diş) ve
sabit kesme derinliği (ap/mm) alınarak tam faktöriyel yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir.
Testlerden elde edilen ortalama yüzey pürüzlülüğü değerleri için regresyon
analizleri yapılmıştır. Sonuçlar incelendiğinde, titreşimin ve ilerleme
oranının artışı ile ortalama yüzey pürüzlülük değerlerinin arttığı
gözlemlenmiştir. Bu durum kesici takımda oluşan titreşimin kesilen iş parçası
yüzey pürüzlülüğü üzerinde önemli bir etkisi olduğunu açıkça ortaya
koymaktadır. Kesme hızı ve ilerleme oranı miktarlarına göre; yüzey pürüzlülük
değeri aralığı 0,33-0,66 µm aralığında değişim göstermiştir. Yüzey pürüzlülük
değerlerinin en küçüğü, ilerleme hızının en az olduğu değerlerde görülmüştür.
En büyük Ra değeri ilerlemenin en fazla olduğu değerlerde elde edilmiştir.
Kesme hızının 50 m/dk, ilerleme hızının 0,10 mm/diş parametreli test yapılırken
kesici takımın deforme olduğu görülmüştür. Bu durumun yüzey pürüzlülük
değerlerini olumsuz yönde etkilediği düşünülmektedir.
Katı Atık Yönetiminden Meydana Gelebilecek Sera Gazları ile Matematiksel Tahminleri Üzerine Literatür Araştırması
Authors: DEMİRARSLAN Kazım Onur
Published: January 2020

Katı atıklar ve sera gazı
emisyonları birbirlerinden farklı çevre problemi gibi algılanmalarına rağmen
birbirlerine oldukça bağımlı bir yapıya sahiptirler. Kentlerde oluşan katı
atıkların toplanmasından bertaraf edilmelerine kadar geçen süreçte, atmosfere
önemli miktarda sera gazı emisyonu salınmaktadır. Bu oran özellikle bertaraf
edilme sürecinde daha da artmaktadır. Vahşi-düzenli depolama, kompostlaştırma,
yakma gibi konvansiyonel yöntemler de başlıca sera gazı kaynaklarıdır. Tüm bu
işlemler sırasında oluşabilecek emisyon miktarlarının bilinmesi, gerekli
önlemlerin alınabilmesi açısından oldukça önemlidir. Dünya genelinde yapılan
çalışmalar sonucunda; sera gazı emisyon miktarlarının öngörülebilmesi için
birçok matematiksel model geliştirilmiş ve kullanılmıştır. Bu modeller
yardımıyla emisyon miktarları tahminleri yapılarak, azaltılma yoluna gidilmesi
ya da tamamen yok edilebilmesi amacıyla gerekli çalışmalar yapılabilmektedir.
Yapılan bu çalışmada atık yönetiminden kaynaklanan sera gazı emisyonları
incelenmiş ve modelleme yöntemleri hakkında bilgiler verilmiş; ileride
yapılabilecek olan atık yönetiminden kaynaklı emisyonların modellenmesi
konusundaki çalışmalara kaynak olması amaçlanmıştır.
Veri Madenciliği ile Üniversite Bilişim Teknik Servis Hizmetleri Analizi
Authors: KIRIŞOĞLU Serdar , YAKUPOĞLU Abdurrahman
Published: January 2020

Bu çalışmada Düzce Üniversitesi
Teknik Servis Otomasyonu verileri üzerinde, birim personelinin performansını
değerlendirmek ve yöneticiye karar destek sürecinde yardımcı olması için Veri
Madenciliği (VM) bilimi kullanılmıştır. VM büyük ölçekli verilerden, anlamlı
bilgi çıkarma veya geleceğe yönelik tahminlerde bulunma işi olarak
adlandırılabilir. Sınıflandırma ise mevcut veriden geleceğe yönelik tahminlerde
bulunma tekniğidir.  Kurumsal
işletmelerde ve kamu kurumlarında personel performans analizi yapabilmek ve
ileriye yönelik karar destek süreçlerinde kullanmak için çok sayıda veri
bulunmaktadır. Ancak yöneticilerin bu verileri ham hali ile, performans
süreçlerinde kullanmaları çok zordur. Bu çalışmada birim yöneticilerine, VM’nin
sınıflandırma tekniği ile personelin performans değerlendirmesi ve karar destek
sürecinde yardımcı olunması hedeflenmiştir. VM’nin sınıflandırma yöntemleri bu
veriler üzerinde uygulanmış ve Derin Öğrenme yönteminin başarısı ortaya
konulmuştur.
Doğal Enerji, Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma ve Mimarlık Politikaları
Authors: ÇİĞAN Ali , YAMAÇLI Ruşen
Published: January 2020

Doğal
enerji kaynaklarının kullanımı ve giderek enerji kaynaklarının tükeniyor
olması, bu kaynakların bilinçsizce tüketilmesi, zararlı gazların salınımının
artması, küresel ısınma, ozon tabakasının incelmesi, küresel olarak iklim
değişikliğine bağlı olarak ekosistemin bozulması çevresel sorunların ortaya
çıkmasına neden olmaktadır. İklim değişikliği ve buna bağlı olarak ekolojik
dengenin bozulmasında büyük bir paya sahip olan binaların yapım, kullanım ve
bertaraf edilme aşamalarının her biri planlı ve doğal hayatı koruma adına yapılmalıdır.
Tasarım aşamasından başlayarak, yapım, kullanım ve geri dönüşüm etaplarının her
birinde ayrı ayrı alınacak ekolojik ve sürdürülebilir tasarım önlemleri ile
yapıların çevreye karşı oluşan olumsuz etkilerinin azaltılması
hedeflenmektedir. Çalışmada amaçlanan, mimarlığın temelini oluşturan mimari
tasarım ürününe, tasarım sürecinde kullanılan araç ve teknolojilerinin etkileri
ile doğal enerji kaynaklarının en üst düzeyde korunması, sürdürülebilirliğinin
sağlanması nasıl yapılabilir, bunun için yapılması gerekenler nelerdir ve
yapılanların değerlendirilmesi nasıl olmalıdır sorularına cevap aramaktır. Bu
amaçlara ulaşmak için yurtiçi ve yurtdışı bazı örnekler incelenmiştir. Sonuçta,
gelecekte ortaya konulacak tasarımlara kaynak sağlamak ve en önemlisi mimarinin
sürdürülebilir doğal çevrede yerinin belirlenmesi araştırılmıştır.
Baklagillerde Generatif Döküm Sorunu
Authors: SEYDOŞOĞLU Seyithan , SEVİLMİŞ Uğur
Published: January 2020

Baklagillerde generatif organ (çiçek ve bakla) dökümü önemli bir problemdir. Bitki tarafından çok sayıda çiçek üretilse de bu çiçeklerin çoğu dökülmekte ve baklaya dönmemektedir. Aslında, aşırı sayıda bakla sayısı, kaliteyle ters orantılı olduğundan, orta derecede çiçek dökümü tarımsal açıdan istenen bir özelliktir. Fakat genellikle baklagiller normalden fazla sayıda generatif organı yüksek sıcaklık, yetersiz ışık, kuraklık, besin elementi yetersizliği, yüksek bitki yoğunluğu sonucunda dökmektedir. Bu çalışmada, öne çıkan iki hipotez olan besin eksikliği ve hormonal kontrol hipotezleri ışığında, baklagillerde generatif döküm sorunu incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, bu konuda yürütülmüş çalışmalardaki bazı eksikliklere ve bunların ortaya çıkardığı fırsatlara değinilmiştir.
Análisis de la educación intercultural bilingüe en las instituciones educativas de la nacionalidad Tsáchila, Ecuador
Authors: Sánchez Raza Víctor Alexis , Rhea Almeida Magdalena
Published: January 2020

La Educación Intercultural bilingüe (EIB) en Ecuador se ha convertido en un foco de discusión de la educación ecuatoriana debido a la convivencia de los pueblos y nacionalidades que coexisten en un mismo territorio. Uno de los principales problemas radica en el hecho de desconocer mecanismos de planeación y ejecución de políticas educativas incluyentes dado el encuentro de culturas donde la mestiza tiene prestigio y predominio sobre las demás. Por esta razón, es importante hacer visible la necesidad de la inclusión de los saberes ancestrales de la nacionalidad Tsáchila como eje transversal curricular dentro del proceso educativo intercultural bilingüe. Es necesario, entonces, evaluar la EIB, conocer cómo se expresan los saberes ancestrales en la educación e identificar las experiencias de la aplicación del Modelo del Sistema Educativo Intercultural Bilingüe (MOSEIB) en las instituciones educativas de las comunidades de la nacionalidad Tsáchila en el año lectivo 2018-2019. En este camino se identifican los elementos inclusivos del eje curricular transversal intercultural que deben ser fortalecidos en el Bachillerato General Unificado (BGU) para contribuir a la recuperación de la identidad cultural Tsáchila, bajo un enfoque socio-educativo, cualitativo, descriptivo y explicativo del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje con el MOSEIB. Se han analizado sus causas, lineamientos y, recolectado información primaria y secundaria, a través de las técnicas de observación (colonos), encuesta (estudiantes), entrevista (docentes) y grupo focal (expertos). Su trascendencia radica en el aporte a la recuperación de la ancestralidad y la lucha contra la discriminación -particularmente en el ámbito educativo.
Uso de SCRATCH en el aprendizaje de Programación en Educación Superior
Authors: Pérez Narváez Hamilton Omar , Roig Vila Rosabel , Jaramillo Naranjo Lilian
Published: January 2020

En los últimos años el término pensamiento computacional y el lenguaje de programación Scratch han irrumpido en el escenario de la enseñanza, primordialmente a nivel de educación básica y bachillerato. Sin embargo, no se evidencian estudios que fundamenten el uso del lenguaje Scratch a nivel superior, por lo que, se constituyó en objetivo de la presente investigación, la verificación del desarrollo del pensamiento computacional entre los estudiantes de Primer Semestre de la Carrera de Informática de la Universidad Central del Ecuador con base a las ocho dimensiones del pensamiento computacional que son: identificación de patrones, uso de instrucciones, variables, secuencia, operadores, reuso, abstracción y funcionamiento y detección de errores. Con esta finalidad se aplicó un diseño cuasiexperimental con preprueba-postprueba y grupos intactos, con enfoque cuantitativo, de campo con apoyo documental y de nivel explicativo. Posteriormente, para los análisis estadísticos se utilizó la herramienta SPSS, tanto para el cálculo de las medidas de tendencia central y la desviación estándar, así como en la comprobación de las hipótesis mediante pruebas T y en la elaboración de figuras estadísticas. Los resultados obtenidos evidenciaron un mayor desarrollo en los niveles del pensamiento computacional con los estudiantes de Primer Semestre de la Carrera de Informática de la Universidad Central del Ecuador que emplearon Scratch.
Temor, desprecio y deseo como figuras del sexismo en la universidad
Authors: Moreno Hortensia , Mingo Araceli
Published: January 2020

El presente trabajo se origina en el interés que despertó en nosotras una serie de movilizaciones estudiantiles de protesta, derivadas del malestar que causan en muchas jóvenes universitarias los comportamientos sexistas de sus compañeros y docentes varones. Mediante entrevistas realizadas con alumnas de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México y testimonios publicados en medios de comunicación, analizamos, desde algunas propuestas teóricas desarrolladas por Françoise Héritier y Estela Serret, cómo el temor, el desprecio y el deseo son resortes de la violencia sexista que denuncian las estudiantes.
A educação a distância na Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Sass Glaucia Gabriel , Peixoto Maria Da Silva
Published: January 2020

As transformações ocorridas na sociedade e tecnologias afetam as Instituições de Ensino Superior, entre elas estão a forma de relacionamento entre as pessoas e a maneira de acesso aos mais diversos conteúdos, seja educativo ou para entretenimento. O objetivo desse artigo é apresentar a trajetória da modalidade de ensino a distância na Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul. A metodologia foi pautada no relato de experiência, foram levantados os dados para descrever as ações desenvolvidas pela administração da instituição. Foi um trabalho de resgate das ações e resultados da EaD/UEMS. Nesse levantamento foi possível identificar a importância da Universidade Aberta do Brasil no fomento da modalidade de ensino a distâncias nas Instituições de Ensino Superior. Suas atividades foram fundamentais para capacitar os servidores da Universidade e o fomento permitiu a implantação da modalidade. O processo iniciado pela Universidade Aberta do Brasil está em um momento de fragilidade, as Instituições de Ensino Superior precisarão assumir algumas responsabilidade para não deixar que se perca tudo que foi construído.
A construção de um espaço educador sustentável na escola: uma experiência nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Santos Carla Aparecida dos , Martello Alcemar Rodrigues
Published: January 2020

O presente estudo é resultante do Programa de Desenvolvimento Educacional Municipal, com a temática de estudo voltada para a Educação Ambiental e Sustentabilidade. Teve como objetivo modificar o espaço físico do ambiente escolar em conciliação com o meio ambiente proporcionando o desenvolvimento infantil baseado na afetividade e no lúdico. Foram aplicadas 10 atividades utilizando diferentes instrumentos e práticas metodológicas com os alunos do 2º e 3º ano do Ensino Fundamental I no município de União da Vitória, PR. Verificou-se através das interações, da manifestação de sentimentos e percepções dos alunos frente ao novo Espaço da escola que as atividades proporcionaram uma mudança na forma de pensar e possibilitou um momento para falar destes assuntos. O Espaço Educador Sustentável foi uma importante ferramenta para promover a educação para a sustentabilidade.