bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PRO-ECOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF STUDENTS OF THE WULS-SGGW FACULTY OF ECONOMICS
Authors: Balińska Agata , Gabryjończyk Piotr , Zawadka Jan
Published: December 2020

The aim of the study was to identify pro-ecological behaviors undertaken by students of the Faculty of Economics of WULS-SGGW and the problems accompanying such activities, as well as to assess the behavior of family and friends and the approach of decision-makers to environmental issues. The survey technique was used in the research. The sample consisted of 119 respondents from all degrees, forms and fields of study at the Faculty. Only half of the respondents considered themselves pro-ecological consumers. Students also assessed their families more favorably than their friends in this respect. However, a much larger percentage of the sample participants declared that they regularly undertook specific activities in this area, the most popular of which were reusing plastic bags during shopping and the use of public transport. The least often, students decided to buy organic food and industrial ecological products. There were some significant differences in the declarations of men and women. Students of the Faculty of Economics of WULS-SGGW in their behavior and frequency did not differ significantly from their Polish peers. The main barrier to their pro-ecological behavior was the high cost of ecological goods.
THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE EVALUATED BY AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS DEPENDING ON FARM INCOME
Authors: Grontkowska Anna , Gołębiewska Barbara , Gębska Monika
Published: December 2020

This study aims to estimate the knowledge about sustainable agriculture and its implementation as part of farm practice, depending on a subjective evaluation of farm income status. Moreover, an attempt has been made to determine the importance of benefits for the environment, community, and farmers resulting from the implementation of this concept, in the opinion of farmers declaring a varying income status. The research carried out in 2019 for a sample of 291 farms using an interview questionnaire states that a more favourable subjective evaluation of own income status was connected with a more significant share of farmers formally declaring to know the concept of sustainable agriculture and the methods of this agricultural system. The research shows the following ranking of environmental benefits: water protection against pollution, reduced emission of greenhouse gases, reduced consumption of energy from non-renewable sources, and increased biodiversity in the natural environment. No distinct diversification was observed regarding presented groups according to age and declaration of income status evaluation. As regards benefits for the community in general, the succession was as follows: the production of safer foods, improvement of working conditions in a farm, improvement of farm animal welfare and better attractiveness of rural areas. However, this hierarchy differed depending on income status evaluation. As regards farmer benefits, the developed ranking showed minor diversification of the average position (rank) of individual advantages (ease sale of products, better farm productivity, improved soil condition, acquired knowledge and experience), which primarily resulted from different preferences of respondents depending on their income status.
Avaliação da síndrome metabólica em agentes comunitários de saúde em município do norte de Minas Gerais
Authors: Pinho Lucinéia de , Ruas Oliveira Rayane , Gonçalves Pereira Luciane , Oliveira Nobre de Andrade Matheus , Natália Oliveira Teixeira Ana , Fagundes Neto Soares Mariano
Published: December 2020

Introdução: A síndrome metabólica se relaciona a doenças crônicas, possui prevalência crescente no Brasil e leva riscos cardiovasculares à população. Objetivo: Comparar a prevalência da síndrome metabólica em agentes comunitários de saúde em município do Norte de Minas Gerais segundo diferentes critérios diagnósticos. Métodos: Foi realizada coleta de dados de 675 profissionais que compunham as variáveis dos critérios diagnósticos propostos pela Internacional Diabetes Federation e National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel III. Resultados: Segundo critérios da Internacional Diabetes Federation, diagnosticou-se 42,2% de indivíduos com síndrome metabólica e 33,6% segundo National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel III. Há aumento diretamente proporcional ao avançar da idade (p=0,000 para ambos os critérios) e relação intrínseca à dislipidemia e pressão arterial elevada. Conclusão: Pôde-se concluir que a síndrome metabólica tem prevalência muito relevante no público estudado. Em relação às variáveis analisadas, encontrou-se similaridade entre critérios. Assim, nota-se que essas informações são importantes para realização de um diagnóstico precoce e manutenção da saúde dos agentes comunitários de saúde.
Heavy Metal Made in Minas Gerais
Authors: Nascimento Leonardo Henrique Alves de Lima , Calaça Gleyber Eustáquio , Diniz Alexandre Magno , Calvo Julia
Published: December 2020

O presente estudo analisa como se deu o processo de formação da cena heavy-metal em Belo Horizonte ao longo da década de 1980, verificando como os aspectos sociais locais contribuíram para o surgimento e evolução do gênero na capital mineira. O trabalho baseia-se em entrevistas elaboradas junto aos membros das bandas protagonistas da cena e levantamento de publicações sobre o tema no jornal Estado de Minas. Os resultados indicam que o heavy-metal de Belo Horizonte conciliou as características da cidade com aquelas do próprio movimento, dando origem a uma construção cultural específica, que daria à metrópole mineira o título de capital sul-americana do metal extremo.
A construção do Estado Imperial brasileiro: Confederação do Equador e a província do Piauí 1823-1825
Authors: Araujo Johny Santana de , Silva Francisco de Assis Oliveira
Published: December 2020

A construção do Estado imperial brasileiro está imbricada em uma série de divergências políticas que perpassam as lutas pela independência do Brasil e percorrem a consolidação do Estado que se assenta em meados do século XIX. Nessa conjuntura, abordar a construção e consolidação do império nascente requer um exercício de recuo para observarmos as tensões entre as elites regionais, sua relação com a Corte e os diversos projetos políticos que eram pensados durante o processo de emancipação do Brasil. Neste contexto, o presente texto visa discorrer de forma sucinta, a formação do Estado imperial brasileiro nos primeiros anos pós independência e sua relação com a Confederação do Equador, sobretudo, no que diz respeitos a província piauiense e suas vizinhas do Norte. Abordamos a relação do movimento separatista de 1824 com as lutas pela independência observando os embates entre a construção do Estado Imperial em curso e as ideias dos confederados. Nesse intuito, observamos ainda a historiografia a respeito da temática, inferindo os debates políticos em torno do projeto da Corte e as demais províncias.
Precision Medicine of Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Ajayi Ayodeji , Adebayo Oluwadunsin , Adebayo Emmanuel
Published: December 2020

Genomic-based information is an essential key to precise therapy referred to as personalized medicine. Its application in autoimmune disease treatment will bring the required breakthrough in medicine. Autoimmune diseases are the disease conditions where the body’s immune system recognizes and generate an immune response against self-antigens. There exist different approaches of which precision medicine data can be utilized in the clinical management of autoimmune diseases; this includes diagnosis, prognosis, stratification and treatment response prediction. Different markers exist to guide clinical decision while several others are still being identified and proposed. This chapter highlights data and databases in precision medicine of autoimmune diseases and the pathway for data sharing. The precision medicine of selected autoimmune diseases was discussed, and the different biomarkers utilized in the diagnosis, prognosis, stratification and response monitoring of such condition were considered.
Mulheres e(m) quadrinhos: caminhos e perspectivas historiográficas
Authors: Gomes Ivan Lima
Published: December 2020

Nos primeiros anos do século XXI, observa-se a força do movimento feminista e de reinvindicações políticas comprometidas em estabelecer o protagonismo das mulheres na esfera pública. No mesmo contexto, ocorre um aumento no interesse sobre as histórias em quadrinhos (HQs) enquanto linguagem dotada de procedimentos bastante específicos, em que a narrativa visual possibilita representar outras perspectivas sobre a experiência humana no tempo. Não por acaso, as HQs permitem dar visibilidade e abordar de maneira única as lutas feministas do tempo presente, o que se expressa, por sua vez, numa crescente produção acadêmica que busca rever o lugar das mulheres no mundo das HQs. O presente artigo é uma aproximação sobre este vasto corpus bibliográfico, focando a análise em alguns trabalhos importantes dedicados a investigar a atuação das mulheres nas HQs, incluindo uma análise de pesquisas acadêmicas sobre HQs desenvolvidas mais recentemente no Brasil. A conclusão sinaliza para algumas das possibilidades de investigação futura, destacando as especificidades da linguagem das HQs para narrar e representar graficamente a condição feminina no mundo contemporâneo.
Palavras-chave: Histórias em Quadrinhos. História das Mulheres. Feminismo.
LOS “BIENES” DEL ARTÍCULO 1 DEL PROTOCOLO ADICIONAL AL CONVENIO PARA LA PROTECCIÓN DE LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS Y DE LAS LIBERTADES FUNDAMENTALES
Authors: Riquelme Vázquez Pablo
Published: December 2020

En este artículo se analizan, desde una perspectiva estrictamente dogmática, las implicaciones de la progresiva dilatación del concepto de “bienes” llevada a cabo por el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos. El trabajo consta de tres partes. En la primera de ellas se describe en líneas muy generales el aludido proceso de dilatación conceptual a que ha sido sometido el derecho a la propiedad privada garantizado en el art. 1 del primer Protocolo Adicional el Convenio. A tal fin se analiza la estructura del precepto, se discute el peculiar uso de algunas de las herramientas argumentativas del Tribunal y se introduce la problemática las pensiones públicas como calibre por medio del cual valorar la naturaleza de los bienes protegidos en el marco del Convenio. En la segunda parte del trabajo se analizan la índole y la extensión de la protección otorgada por el Tribunal a los intereses de los beneficiarios de tales prestaciones sociales. Por último, se efectúa una serie de consideraciones que, a pesar de su diferente naturaleza, ahondan en lo que se ha denominado la “disolución del concepto tradicional de propiedad privada”.

This paper discusses –from a strictly legal perspective– the implications of the progressive dilation of the concept of “goods” carried out by the European Court of Human Rights. The work consists of three parts. The first describes in broad, outline form the alluded process of conceptual expansion to which the right to property has been subjected. To this end, it analyses the structure of the provision, discusses the peculiar use of some of the Court's argumentative tools and introduces the problem of public pensions to illustrate the nature of the assets protected under the Convention. The second part of the article discusses the features and extent of the protection afforded by the Court to the beneficiaries of such welfare benefits. Finally, the paper delves in its third part into what has been called the "dissolution of the traditional concept of private property”.
Hamsun’s “mal du siècle”
Authors: Conner Tom
Published: December 2020

My paper expands on several conference themes, specifically “geographical places” and “boundaries,” and will explore the elasticity and intertextual implications of both terms as they apply to national literatures and writers, as well as their porous nature in literary studies (including theory, history, and criticism, according to René Wellek’s classic and still widely accepted triptych of literary studies [Wellek x]). Specifically, I will examine the resonance of the Romantic malaise known in France as “le mal du siècle” and how it might inform a reading of Knut Hamsun’s novel Pan (1894) and shed light on the more than eccentric behavior of its main character, Lieutenant Glahn. The French Romantic writer Chateaubriand (1768-1848), whose slender novel René (1802), with which “le mal du siècle” is most closely associated, represents the epitome of the Romantic hero, who evidently had not drawn his last breath when Hamsun published Pan almost one century later. Upon a closer reading of the two novels, there is more than enough to warrant a comparison. Glahn and René are archetypes of a similar malady afflicting overly sensitive, generally upper-class young men of a nervous and indeed neurotic

disposition.
Ødemarken – Det herreløse land
Authors: Reed Beatrice M. G.
Published: December 2020

Artikkelen undersøker relasjonen mellom menneske og natur i Knut Hamsuns Markens grøde (1917) og Stina Aronsons Hitom himlen (1946). Et komparativt perspektiv inspirert av postkolonial økokritikk viser at begge tekstene forholder seg aktivt til et sett av ideologisk ladede forestillinger knyttet til den nordlige ødemarken som motivfelt. Ved å sammenligne fremstillinger av bønder, landskap, dyr, samer og overnaturlige krefter, blir det tydelig at forfatternes måte å forholde seg til dette motivfeltet på, er preget av ganske ulike syn på menneske og natur. Artikkelen tar for seg noen pregnante tekststeder der slike ideologiske posisjoner blir særlig tydelige. Dermed kan artikkelen også leses inn i en pågående diskusjon av Hamsuns omstridte nobelprisroman som en økologisk tekst. Det komparative, situerende og ideologikritiske perspektivet bidrar til å nyansere tidligere økokritiske lesninger, særlig knyttet til samenes status i teksten.
The ecomorphology of the shell of extant turtles and its applications for fossil turtles
Authors: Dziomber Laura , Joyce Walter G. , Foth Christian
Published: December 2020

Turtles are a successful clade of reptiles that originated in the Late Triassic. The group adapted during its evolution to different types of environments, ranging from dry land to ponds, rivers, and the open ocean, and survived all Mesozoic and Cenozoic extinction events. The body of turtles is characterized by a shell, which has been hypothesized to have several biological roles, like protection, thermal and pH regulation, but also to be adapted in its shape to the ecology of the animal. However, only few studies have investigated the relationships between shell shape and ecology in a global context or clarified if shape can be used to diagnose habitat preferences in fossil representatives. Here, we assembled a three-dimensional dataset of 69 extant turtles and three fossils, in particular, the Late Triassic Proganochelys quenstedtii and Proterochersis robusta and the Late Jurassic Plesiochelys bigleri to test explicitly for a relationship between shell shape and ecology. 3D models were obtained using surface scanning and photogrammetry. The general shape of the shells was captured using geometric morphometrics. The habitat ecology of extant turtles was classified using the webbing of their forelimbs as a proxy. Principal component analysis (PCA) highlights much overlap between habitat groups. Discriminant analyses suggests significant differences between extant terrestrial turtles, extant fully aquatic (i.e., marine and riverine) turtles, and an unspecialized assemblage that includes extant turtles from all habitats, mostly freshwater aquatic forms. The paleoecology of the three fossil species cannot be determined with confidence, as all three fall within the unspecialized category, even if Plesiochelys bigleri plots closer to fully aquatic turtles, while the two Triassic species group closer to extant terrestrial forms. Although the shape of the shell of turtles indeed contains an ecological signal, it is overall too weak to uncover using shell shape in paleoecological studies, at least with the methods we selected.
Assessment of Rapid SARS-CoV-2 Testing with Lateral Flow Immunoassay among Asymptomatic Healthcare Workers in Makati Medical Center
Authors: Benjamin Cherry Lois M. , Ng Jan Patrick O. , Sunga Elija Haziel B. , Sy Darleen M. , Javier Saturnino P. , Uy Milagros , Caoili Janice , Pastores John , Ocampo Arnold , Salvador Artemio , Bodegon R. N. Bernadette
Published: December 2020

Aims: Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). While the gold standard for diagnosis is still reverse transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), it is not readily available. Serologic testing is considered to be a faster method of identifying individuals who may have been exposed and developed antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.

Methodology: This was an ambirectional observational study aimed to determine the prevalence of exposure to COVID-19 infection among asymptomatic healthcare workers in Makati Medical Center, a tertiary hospital in the Philippines, using rapid antibody testing (lateral flow immunoassay) in May 2020.

Results: A total of 1557 asymptomatic healthcare workers were included in the study. Majority belonged to the paramedical group (52%). Twenty (1.3%) healthcare workers were IgM positive while 17 (1.1%) tested positive for IgG. Three healthcare workers (0.2%) tested positive for both antibodies. Participants with history of being quarantined who tested positive for either IgM or IgG were significantly higher compared to those who tested negative for both antibodies (55%, 33.3%, 41.2% vs 28.5%, p = 0.036). Those with diabetes had 6.8 times higher risk of being IgM positive and IgG negative (p=0.001). In addition, those with diabetes were more likely (13.6 times) to be positive in both tests (p=0.034).

Conclusion: There was a low prevalence (2.6%) of COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers of Makati Medical Center. Among those with positive serologic test, diabetes mellitus, history of exposure and history of quarantine were risk factors associated with COVID-19 infection.
Specialized EMI Shielding Process for Semiconductor Package
Authors: Rodriguez Rennier S. , Gomez Frederick Ray I.
Published: December 2020

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) is an unwanted disturbance caused by external sources that would affect the electrical functionality of the device. This paper presents an advanced approach of electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding protection for sensitive and critical semiconductor packages. The process employed half-cutting method to apply the EMI coating on the upper-half portion of the device, protecting the Silicon die and internal components from external EMI disturbance. Eventually, the enhanced EMI shielding process would provide advantages of improved quality and eliminate risks of possible assembly issues while providing the main purpose of EMI protection for semiconductor devices. For future studies, the technique could be applied on packages with similar requirement. Prototypes are helpful to validate the effectiveness of the enhanced process.
Conventional Ginger Candy on Premenstural Syndrome among Adolescent Girls
Authors: Bhuvaneswari G. , Gnanamalar S. , Jeevarathinam M. , Devi S.Gayathri
Published: December 2020

Background: Premenstrual condition is one of the most well-known issues in ladies at their regenerative age. Premenstrual disorder is a condition that influences the feelings, wellbeing, and conduct during specific days of the feminine cycle before her menses. Almost 80% of ladies report at least one manifestation that doesn't generously influence every day functioning, as per the American Family Doctor. In this aspect the current examination was led with the expection to decide the impact of regular ginger candy on premenstrual disorder among young ladies.

Methods: Quasi experimental research design was adopted with 60 samples who met the inclusion criteria. Samples were selected by e purposive sampling technique. Pre-test was conducted by using Numerical pain rating scale and HRQoL scale Questionnaire data was collected. Conventional ginger candy was administered to adolescent girls with routine daily diet. Posttest was conducted after 8 weeks with the same tool. Data were analyzed using SPSS. The Results: The study findings revealed that the severity of Premenstrual pain was reduced compared to before the intervention. HRQoL also improve routine Conventional ginger candy supplementation was effective in reducing the Premenstrual syndrome at the level of p>0.001 in the after the post test.

Conclusion: Conventional ginger candy supplementation is cost effective and easily available, thereby finding can relieve premenstrual pain and associated symptoms, and improve the quality of life among adolescent girls.
Characteristics of the first‐mode vertical vibration of buildings based on earthquake observation records
Authors: Kinoshita Takuya , Nakamura Naohiro , Kashima Toshihide
Published: December 2020

This study focuses on the first‐modal natural periods and damping ratios of buildings in the vertical direction. An auto regression and exogenous (ARX) model is used to identify each vertical natural period and damping ratio. The targets comprise over 3,000 earthquake observation records for 18 buildings comprising reinforced concrete, steel and reinforced concrete, and steel structures. The identified values are summarized for each structural type, and their characteristics are discussed in view of the input amplitude and height of the buildings, compared to the natural period and damping ratio in the horizontal direction. Based on the results, a simple estimation equation is provided for the first‐mode vertical natural period.
A Visible Light and Iron‐mediated Carbocationic Route to Polysubstituted 1‐Halonaphthalenes by Benzannulation using Allylbenzenes and Polyhalomethanes
Authors: Roslan Irwan Iskandar , Zhang Hongwei , Ng Kian‐Hong , Jaenicke Stephan , Chuah Gaik‐Khuan
Published: December 2020

A wide array of polysubstituted 1‐bromo and chloronaphthalenes are obtained from coupling of allylbenzenes and polyhalomethanes. The reaction is mediated by iron metal under visible light irradiation and proceeds via a Kharasch addition intermediate followed by intramolecular FeIII mediated Friedel‐Crafts alkylation, with the formation of two Csp2−Csp2 bonds in the process. This method gives easy access to 1‐halonaphthalenes with substituent(s) at C‐5 to C‐8 that are otherwise hard to synthesize.

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Synthesis of Allylboronates via Zweifel‐type Deprotonative Olefination
Authors: Xu Nuo , Xu Jianeng , Zhu Qing , Liu Chao
Published: December 2020

A method for the synthesis of allylboronates via Zweifel‐type deprotonative olefination was demonstrated. Tetrasubstituted vinylboronates were used as the substrates. NCS (N‐chlorosuccinimide) was used as a bifunctional additive, electrophile and base. This method exhibited a different elimination strategy in Zweifel type transformation to afford allylboronates. The homo‐alcohols and alkenes were stereoselective synthesized from the obtained allylboronates, demonstrating the synthetic value of this methodology.

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Ferric Heme Superoxide Reductive Transformations to Ferric Heme (Hydro)Peroxide Species: Spectroscopic Characterization and Thermodynamic Implications for H‐Atom Transfer (HAT)
Authors: Kim Hyun , Rogler Patrick J. , Sharma Savita K. , Schaefer Andrew W. , Solomon Edward I. , Karlin Kenneth D.
Published: December 2020

A new end‐on low‐spin ferric heme peroxide, [(PIm)FeIII−(O22−)]− (PIm‐P), and subsequently formed hydroperoxide species, [(PIm)FeIII−(OOH)] (PIm‐HP) are generated utilizing the iron‐porphyrinate PIm with its tethered axial base imidazolyl group. Measured thermodynamic parameters, the ferric heme superoxide [(PIm)FeIII−(O2⋅−)] (PIm‐S) reduction potential (E°′) and the PIm‐HP pKa value, lead to the finding of the OO−H bond‐dissociation free energy (BDFE) of PIm‐HP as 69.5 kcal mol−1 using a thermodynamic square scheme and Bordwell relationship. The results are validated by the observed oxidizing ability of PIm‐S via hydrogen‐atom transfer (HAT) compared to that of the F8 superoxide complex, [(F8)FeIII−(O2.−)] (S) (F8=tetrakis(2,6‐difluorophenyl)porphyrinate, without an internally appended axial base imidazolyl), as determined from reactivity comparison of superoxide complexes PIm‐S and S with the hydroxylamine (O‐H) substrates TEMPO‐H and ABNO‐H.
Single‐Molecule Conductance of 1,4‐Azaborine Derivatives as Models of BN‐doped PAHs
Authors: Palomino‐Ruiz Lucía , Rodríguez‐González Sandra , Fallaque Joel G. , Márquez Irene R. , Agraït Nicolás , Díaz Cristina , Leary Edmund , Cuerva Juan M. , Campaña Araceli G. , Martín Fernando , Millán Alba , González M. Teresa
Published: December 2020

The single‐molecule conductance of a series of BN‐acene‐like derivatives has been measured by using scanning tunneling break‐junction techniques. A strategic design of the target molecules has allowed us to include azaborine units in positions that unambiguously ensure electron transport through both heteroatoms, which is relevant for the development of customized BN‐doped nanographenes. We show that the conductance of the anthracene azaborine derivative is comparable to that of the pristine all‐carbon anthracene compound. Notably, this heteroatom substitution has also allowed us to perform similar measurements on the corresponding pentacene‐like compound, which is found to have a similar conductance, thus evidencing that B–N doping could also be used to stabilize and characterize larger acenes for molecular electronics applications. Our conclusions are supported by state‐of‐the‐art transport calculations.
A solvent‐resistance OTS/PDA/O‐PASS composite membrane for water‐in‐oil emulsions separation
Authors: Yang Faming , Xiong Chen , Lian Yingfu , Wang Xiaojun , Wei Zhimei , Long Shengru , Zhang Gang , Yang Jie
Published: December 2020

Water‐in‐oil emulsions separation plays a critical role in industrial wastewater treatment. Membrane technology has attracted much interest in water‐in‐oil emulsions separation field for its excellent separation performance and facile processing method. However, versatile membrane with better solvent‐resistance is still absent in chemical industry. In this work, oxidized polyarylene sulfide sulfone (O‐PASS) membrane was severed as substrate, on which a hydrophobicity surface was built via coating of octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS). And polydopamine (PDA) layer was employed and acted as connector between OTS and O‐PASS membrane due to its abundant active hydroxyl group. The maximum water contact angle was 132.6° indicating good hydrophobicity of the membrane. Finally, the OTS/PDA/O‐PASS composite membranes showed good separation performance for corrosive emulsions: the rejection and flux were 93.0% and 10.0 L/m2h for water‐in‐dichloromethane emulsions, and the rejection and flux were 92.3% and 34.6 L/m2h for water‐in‐n‐hexane emulsions. The OTS/PDA/O‐PASS composite membrane is a new candidate membrane for water‐in‐oil emulsions separation. In addition, the superior performance of the composite membrane under harsh environment conditions ensures its usefulness in resistance aggressive solvent.
Genetic aberrations in Chinese pancreatic cancer patients and their association with anatomic location and disease outcomes
Authors: Lu Junliang , Yu Ruoying , Liu Rui , Liang Xiaolong , Sun Jian , Zhang Hui , Wu Huanwen , Zhang Zhiwen , Shao Yang W. , Guo Junchao , Liang Zhiyong
Published: December 2020

Objectives

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most lethal malignancies with an increasing death rate over the years. We performed targeted sequencing and survival analyses on 90 Chinese pancreatic cancer patients, hoping to identify genomic biomarkers associated with clinical outcomes and therapeutic options.

Method

Genomic DNA was extracted from formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tissue specimens of 90 pancreatic cancer patients and sequenced. The associations with clinicopathological factors were analyzed.

Result

High prevalence of driver mutations in KRAS, TP53, CDKN2A, SMAD4, and ARID1A genes were found. Most mutated genes in PC belonged to cell cycle and DNA damage repair pathways. Tumors that arise from the pancreas’ body and tail (BT tumors) displayed a higher ratio of mutated KRAS and TP53 than those that arise from the pancreas’ head and neck (HN tumors), who showed less diverse KRAS subtypes. Patients with a KRAS p.G12R mutated tumor tended to have a prolonged disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) than other KRAS subtypes. Those with an altered ARID1A gene and more than two mutated driver genes tended to have a shorter DFS and OS.

Conclusion

HN and BT tumors of the pancreas displayed different mutational profiles, which had prognostic significances and indicated different potential therapeutic options.
Cold‐Resistant Nitrogen/Sulfur Dual‐Doped Graphene Fiber Supercapacitors with Solar–Thermal Energy Conversion Effect
Authors: Zhao Tianyu , Yang Dongzhi , Xu Ting , Zhang Ming , Zhang Shiyi , Qin Liyuan , Yu Zhong‐Zhen
Published: December 2020

Although graphene fiber‐based supercapacitors are promising for wearable electronic devices, the low energy density of electrodes and poor cold resistance of aqueous electrolytes limit their wide application in cold environments. Herein, porous nitrogen/sulfur dual‐doped graphene fibers (NS‐GFs) are synthesized by hydrothermal self‐assembly followed by thermal annealing, exhibiting an excellent capacitive performance of 401 F cm−3 at 400 mA cm−3 because of the synergistic effect of heteroatom dual‐doping. The assembled symmetric all‐solid‐state supercapacitor with polyvinyl alcohol/H2SO4/graphene oxide gel electrolyte exhibits a high capacitance of 221 F cm−3 and a high energy density of 7.7 mWh cm−3 at 80 mA cm−3. Interestingly, solar–thermal energy conversion of the electrolyte with 0.1 wt % graphene oxide extends the operating temperature range of the supercapacitor to 0 °C. Furthermore, the photocatalysis effect of the dual‐doped heteroatoms increases the capacitance of NS‐GFs. At an ambient temperature of 0 °C, the capacitance increases from 0 to 182 F cm−3 under 1 sun irradiation because of the excellent solar light absorption and efficient solar–thermal energy conversion of graphene oxide, preventing the aqueous electrolyte from freezing. The flexible supercapacitor exhibits a long cycle life, good bending resistance, reliable scalability, and ability to power visual electronics, showing great potential for outdoor electronics in cold environments.
A General Approach to Intermolecular Olefin Hydroacylation through Light‐Induced HAT Initiation: An Efficient Synthesis of Long‐Chain Aliphatic Ketones and Functionalized Fatty Acids
Authors: Paul Subhasis , Guin Joyram
Published: December 2020

Herein, an operationally simple, environmentally benign and effective method for intermolecular radical hydroacylation of unactivated substrates by employing photo‐induced hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) initiation is described. The use of commercially available and inexpensive photoinitiators (Ph2CO and NHPI) makes the process attractive. The olefin hydroacylation protocol applies to a wide array of substrates bearing numerous functional groups and many complex structural units. The reaction proves to be scalable (up to 5 g). Different functionalized fatty acids, petrochemicals and naturally occurring alkanes can be synthesized with this protocol. A radical chain mechanism is implicated in the process.
An efficient pipeline for ancient DNA mapping and recovery of endogenous ancient DNA from whole‐genome sequencing data
Authors: Xu Wenhao , Lin Yu , Zhao Keliang , Li Haimeng , Tian Yinping , Ngatia Jacob Njaramba , Ma Yue , Sahu Sunil Kumar , Guo Huabing , Guo Xiaosen , Xu Yan Chun , Liu Huan , Kristiansen Karsten , Lan Tianming , Zhou Xinying
Published: December 2020

Ancient DNA research has developed rapidly over the past few decades due to improvements in PCR and next‐generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, but challenges still exist. One major challenge in relation to ancient DNA research is to recover genuine endogenous ancient DNA sequences from raw sequencing data. This is often difficult due to degradation of ancient DNA and high levels of contamination, especially homologous contamination that has extremely similar genetic background with that of the real ancient DNA. In this study, we collected whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) data from 6 ancient samples to compare different mapping algorithms. To further explore more effective methods to separate endogenous DNA from homologous contaminations, we attempted to recover reads based on ancient DNA specific characteristics of deamination, depurination, and DNA fragmentation with different parameters. We propose a quick and improved pipeline for separating endogenous ancient DNA while simultaneously decreasing homologous contaminations to very low proportions. Our goal in this research was to develop useful recommendations for ancient DNA mapping and for separation of endogenous DNA to facilitate future studies of ancient DNA.
Left ventricular dysfunction in atrial fibrillation and heart failure risk
Authors: Kuo Jen‐Yuan , Chang Sheng‐Hsiung , Sung Kuo‐Tzu , Chi Po‐Ching , Liao Jo‐Nan , Chao Tze‐Fan , Su Cheng‐Huang , Yeh Hung‐I , Hung Chung‐Lieh
Published: December 2020

Aims

This study aimed to investigate the functional correlate, clinical relevance, and prognostic implications of novel left ventricular (LV) deformations in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods and results

LV deformational indices, including peak global longitudinal strain (GLS), systolic strain rates (SRs), and early diastolic strain rates (SRe) were measured in a large‐scale AF population. We related such measures to key clinical heart failure (HF) markers, conventional echocardiographic ventricular parameters, and clinical outcomes. Among 1483 subjects with newly diagnosed AF (mean age, 71.6 ± 12.4 years; 55.5% male), worsened GLS (mean, − 12.6 ± 3.9%) and strain rates (SRs and SRe: mean, − 0.86 ± 0.27 and 1.25 ± 0.41 1/s, respectively) by our three‐beat measures were independently correlated with higher C‐reactive protein, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide, higher E/e′, more impaired LV ejection fraction (LVEF < 50%), lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, permanent AF, and prevalent HF (all P < 0.05). LV deformations by three‐beat analysis well correlated with the respective results of traditional methods. Abnormal GLS (>− 14.7%) was common in our cohort (67.8%) despite an averaged preserved LVEF (58.4 ± 14.2%), with worse GLS and SRe being associated with higher composite HF re‐admissions/death during the 2.9 year follow‐up (inter‐quartile range, 1.6–4.1 years) in multivariate models incorporating key LV indices (LVEF, LV mass index, and E/e′) (all P < 0.001). Sensitivity analysis by excluding those with regional wall motion abnormality showed broadly similar findings. An improved risk reclassification was observed when GLS and SRe were separately added to the LVEF. Comparison of the AF cohort with a fully matched independent non‐AF cohort at the same baseline LVEF level showed a substantially lower GLS [− 13.2 ± 3.8% (AF) vs. 18.1 ± 3.2% (non‐AF)] and higher clinical events rate (hazard ratio, 1.41 [95% confidence interval, 1.14–1.75]; log‐rank P = 0.002) in the AF cohort.

Conclusions

Impaired LV function defined by myocardial deformation was common in patients with AF and provides independent prognostic values over conventional measures with improved risk prediction. Our data highlight the need for implementing cardiac deformations in daily practice for patients with AF.
Improved 30 day heart failure rehospitalization prediction through the addition of device‐measured parameters
Authors: Brown Jason R. , Alonso Alvaro , Mazimba Sula , Warman Eduardo N. , Bilchick Kenneth C.
Published: December 2020

Aims

This study aimed to improve in‐person clinical evaluation on the day of heart failure (HF) hospitalization discharge by adding device‐measured parameters to predict 30 day HF rehospitalization risk in cardiac resynchronization therapy‐defibrillator (CRT‐D) patients.

Methods and results

In a cohort of Medicare patients with CRT‐Ds, the independent prognostic value of four device‐measured parameters was assessed relative to typical clinical parameters associated with rehospitalization risk. Medicare registry, claims, and Medtronic CareLink® Network data for these patients were analysed using logistic regression modelling and net reclassification methods. Among 1563 CRT‐D patients, 411 patients had 607 HF hospitalization events during a median 6.3 years of follow‐up. Compared with clinical variables alone, impedance measurements resulted in a 28% improvement between the predicted probabilities of having vs. not having a 30 day HF rehospitalization (relative integrated discrimination improvement = 0.28) and a net 42% improvement in the classification of 30 day HF rehospitalization events and non‐events after an index HF hospitalization (net reclassification index = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.74).

Conclusions

In CRT patients, intrathoracic impedance measurements improve prediction of 30 day HF rehospitalization over clinical characteristics alone. The present study provides supportive data for the routine evaluation of intrathoracic impedance prior to discharge in patient with CRT devices. Furthermore, the models developed in this study could be used to design interventions to improve compliance with Medicare reimbursement guidelines regarding 30 day HF rehospitalization.
HAMLET a human milk protein‐lipid complex induces a pro‐inflammatory phenotype of myeloid cells
Authors: Vansarla Goutham , Håkansson Anders P , Bergenfelz Caroline
Published: December 2020

HAMLET is a protein‐lipid complex with a specific and broad bactericidal and tumoricidal activity, that lacks cytotoxic activity against healthy cells. In this study, we show that HAMLET also has general immune‐stimulatory effects on primary human monocyte‐derived dendritic cells and macrophages (Mo‐DC and Mo‐M) and murine RAW264.7 macrophages. HAMLET, but not its components alpha‐lactalbumin or oleic acid, induces mature CD14low/–CD83+ Mo‐DC and M1‐like CD14+CD86++ Mo‐M surface phenotypes. Concomitantly, inflammatory mediators, including IL‐2, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐12 and MIP‐1α, were released in the supernatant of HAMLET‐stimulated cells, indicating a mainly pro‐inflammatory phenotype. The HAMLET‐induced phenotype was mediated by calcium, NFκB and p38 MAPK signaling in Mo‐DCs and calcium, NFκB and ERK signaling in Mo‐M as inhibitors of these pathways almost completely blocked the induction of mature Mo‐DCs and M1‐like Mo‐M. Compared to unstimulated Mo‐DCs, HAMLET‐stimulated Mo‐DCs were more potent in inducing T cell proliferation and HAMLET‐stimulated macrophages were more efficient in phagocytosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae in vitro. This indicates a functionally activated phenotype of HAMLET‐stimulated DCs and macrophages. Combined, we propose that HAMLET has a two‐fold anti‐bacterial activity; one inducing direct cytotoxic activity, the other indirectly mediating elimination of bacteria by activation of immune cells of the myeloid lineage.
Direct Synthesis of Spin‐Crossover Complexes: An Unexpectedly Revealed New Iron‐Triazolic Structure
Authors: Sirenko Valerii Y. , Kucheriv Olesia I. , Rotaru Aurelian , Fritsky Igor O. , Gural'skiy Il'ya A.
Published: December 2020

Spin‐crossover complexes form one of the biggest families of switchable compounds. Here we show a new way to obtain spin‐crossover materials by direct synthesis from metallic iron. Four complexes of FeII with 4‐R‐1,2,4‐triazoles have been synthesized by a direct metal oxidation: [Fe(NH2trz)3]SO4, [Fe(NH2trz)3](BF4)2 and two polymorphs of [Fe(Htrz)2(trz)]BF4. Surprisingly high quality of PXRD pattern of [Fe(NH2trz)3]SO4 allowed to perform Rietveld refinement and obtain reliable crystal structure of the latter. All compounds have been studied by magnetic susceptibility measurements, optical reflectivity, differential scanning calorimetry and Raman spectroscopy. Importantly, spin‐crossover characteristics of the complexes obtained by this unusual method are preserved, thus revealing a new effective approach of “direct synthesis” towards switchable coordination compounds.
Perovskite‐Related 2D Compounds in the System 5‐Amino Valerian Acid Cation/MA/Pb/X (X = Cl, Br) – Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Optical Properties
Authors: Krummer Michael , Zimmermann Benjamin , Klingenberg Pia , Daub Michael , Hillebrecht Harald
Published: December 2020

Perovskite‐related 2D‐compounds of the series 5‐AVA2MAn–1PbnBr3n–1 were synthesised and characterised for the representatives with n = 1, 2, and 3 [5‐AVA = 5‐amino valerian acid cation, HOOC(CH2)4NH3+]. In addition, we have investigated the chloride compound 5‐AVA2PbCl4 and the binary compounds 5‐AVAX (X = Cl, Br). The crystal structures of the 2D compounds represent well‐known cut‐outs of the cubic 3D perovskites with layers of corner‐sharing PbBr6 octahedrons in (100) orientation. According to the value of n the layer thickness comprises one, two or three layers. Similar to most of the perovskite‐related representatives the PbBr6 octahedrons are rotated, but with slight differences. We have analysed the rotation pattern with respect to the different aspects of hydrogen bonding and orientation of the organic cations 5‐AVA+ and MA+. Measurements of the optical properties reveal a decrease of the band gap from 3.02 eV (n = 1) over 2.80 eV (n = 2) to 2.70 eV (n = 3). For 5‐AVA2PbBr4 we observed strong blue fluorescence (413 nm) with a remarkably small Strokes shift (47 nm). All investigations were influenced by the reduced stability of the representatives with n = 2 and n = 3 with respect to the degradation into the simpler compounds 5‐AVA2PbBr4 and MAPbBr3. This is in contrast to similar 2D‐iodides, where many representatives are known and n can reach values up to 6 and 7. Our series with n = 1, 2, and 3 represent the third example for a series of compounds with n = 1–3.
Molecular and Heterogenized Cp*Ir Water Oxidation Catalysts Bearing Glyphosate and Glyphosine as Ancillary and Anchoring Ligands
Authors: Domestici Chiara , Tensi Leonardo , Boccalon Elisa , Zaccaria Francesco , Costantino Ferdinando , Zuccaccia Cristiano , Macchioni Alceo
Published: December 2020

Two hybrid materials (1_TiO2 and 2_TiO2) were designed and prepared by anchoring novel [Cp*Ir(κ3‐O,N,O‐glyphosate)] (1; glyphosate=N‐(phosphonomethyl)glycine) and [Cp*Ir(κ3‐O,N,O‐glyphosine)] (2; glyphosine=N,N‐bis(phosphonomethyl)glycine) complexes onto rutile TiO2. Characterization in solution (NMR spectroscopy) and solid state (X‐Ray diffractometry) indicates that 1 and 2 are stabilized by the two arms of the glycine fragment, whereas they have (2) or can easily generate (1 and 2) a dandling phosphonate arm suitable for their anchoring on TiO2. As a matter of fact, they exhibit rather elongated Ir–OP (1: 2.1405 Å, 2: 2.142 Å) and short Ir–OC (1: 2.0784 Å, 2: 2.086 Å) and Ir–N (1: 2.155 Å, 2: 2.207 Å) bonds. NMR spectra of 2 show a dynamic process that exchanges the two phosphonate moieties, consistently with an easy –OP detachment from Ir. Both molecular and heterogenized species were tested as catalysts in water oxidation (WO) driven by NaIO4. 1 (TOF up to 96 min−1) and 2 (26 min−1) proved to be effective molecular catalysts; more importantly, 1_TiO2 and 2_TiO2 showed very high activity (TOF ∼200 min−1), which remained rather constant over seven successive runs, even if substantial leaching of the noble metal in solution occurred during the first catalytic tests. TON was very high and limited only by the amount of NaIO4 used. These results show the potentialities of mixed carboxylate/phosphonate ligands for the development of highly active water oxidation catalysts.
Synthesis of 3,5‐Disubstituted 1,2‐Dioxolanes
Authors: Pinet Alexis , Nguyen Linh T. , Figadère Bruno , Ferrié Laurent
Published: December 2020

Endoperoxides are a source of bioactive compounds which drove to some important anti‐malarial drugs such as artemisinin or arterolane. 1,2‐Dioxolanes drew the attention of many scientists, through the isolation of numerous natural products containing this peroxidized ring structure such as the plakinic acid family or the biosynthetic study of prostaglandins. Thus, a considerable work was reported for the synthesis of such endoperoxides, but mainly applied to the synthesis of 3,3',5,5'‐tetrasubstituted 1,2‐dioxolanes. The recent isolation of new natural products containing a 3,5‐disubstituted dioxolane ring brought our attention on how to specifically prepare such structures. Herein, we tentatively summarize exhaustively all the methods reported for the synthesis of 3,5‐disubstituted 1,2‐dioxolanes. Therefore, nucleophilic substitution with hydrogen peroxide or hydroperoxide, use of electrophilic singlet oxygen, use of triplet oxygen in radical reaction and the chemistry of peroxycarbenium ions will be presented for this purpose.
Copper‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Hydrophosphinylation of α‐Acyl‐α‐Diazoacetates
Authors: Zhang Can , Dong Chao , Wang Xin , Shen Ruwei
Published: December 2020

A simple copper‐catalyzed decarboxylation–denitrogenation C–P coupling reaction of α‐acyl‐α‐diazoacetates with hydrophosphoryl compounds is reported. The reaction may proceed via a process involving the generation of (diazomethyl)ketones after hydrolysis in the presence of water and the hydrophosphinylation of the copper carbene intermediates. This finding may suggest the potential use of the relatively more readily available α‐acyl‐α‐diazoacetates as replacement of (diazomethyl)ketones in some cases.
An Insight into Non‐Covalent Interactions on the Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane Scaffold
Authors: Grover Nitika , Flanagan Keith J. , Trujillo Cristina , Kingsbury Christopher J. , Senge Mathias O.
Published: December 2020

Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) is studied extensively as a bioisosteric component of drugs. Not found in nature, this molecular unit approximates the distance of apara‐disubstituted benzene which is replaced in medicines as a method of improving treatments. Predicting interactions of these drugs with specific active sites requires knowledge of the non‐covalent interactions engaged by this subunit. Structure determinations and computational analysis (Hirshfeld analysis, 2D fingerprint plots, DFT) of seven BCP derivatives chosen to probe specific and directional interactions. X‐ray analysis revealed the presence of various non‐covalent interactions including I ⋅⋅⋅ I, I ⋅⋅⋅ N, N−H ⋅⋅⋅ O, C−H ⋅⋅⋅ O, and H−C ⋅⋅⋅ H−C contacts. The preference of halogen bonding (I ⋅⋅⋅ I or I ⋅⋅⋅ N) in BCP1–4strictly depends upon the electronic nature and angle between bridgehead substituents. The transannular distance in co‐crystals2and4was longer as compared to monomers1and3. Stronger N−H ⋅⋅⋅ O and weaker C−H ⋅⋅⋅ O contacts were observed for BCP5while the O ⋅⋅⋅ H interaction was a prominent contact for BCP6. The presence of 3D BCP units prevented the π ⋅⋅⋅ π stacking between phenyl rings in3,4, and7. The BCP skeleton was often rotationally averaged, indicating fewer interactions compared to bridgehead functional groups. Using DFT analysis, geometries were optimized and molecular electrostatic potentials were calculated on the BCP surfaces. These interaction profiles may be useful for designing BCP analogs of drugs.