bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Facies and diagenesis of early Cambrian patch-reefs in the inner Siberian Craton (Nepa-Botuoba anteclise)
Authors: Chertina Kseniya Nikolaevna , Maksimova Elizaveta N. , Vilesov Aleksandr P. , Zhuravlev Andrey Yu. , Zyuzev Evgeniy S. , Shul’ga Roman S.
Published: September 2024

Early Cambrian strata of the Siberian Craton accumulated within several relatively isolated basins of a tropical epeiric sea. The larger central part of the craton was occupied by the Turukhansk-Irkutsk-Olekma epicratonic carbonate platform. During Cambrian Stage 2 (Siberian Tommotian Stage, Osa horizon), the inner part of this platform was a mosaic of vast local uplifts characterized by a variety of shallow-water facies and separated by inner shelf depressions with condensed argillaceous carbonates. These shallow-water uplifts, such as the Nepa-Botuoba anteclise, yielded patch reefs having a distinct ring-shaped structure according to the common depth point 3-D seismic exploration method. Detailed studies of drill cores penetrating these buildups revealed an complicated facies complex within patch reefs and inter-reef depressions. The patch reefs themselves were differentiated into facies comprising a reef core, an inner reef lagoon, reef flanks and talus. These facies differed by assemblages and morphologies of reef-builders, relative abundance of mud and debris as well as by the composition and primary porosity patterns of early marine cements. Petrographic analyses show that different diagenetic pathways and porosity patterns relate to the primary composition of the patch reef. The most striking aspect of these early Cambrian reefs was the absence of metazoans and the dominance of microbial reef-builders although stromatolites were not formed and ooidal shoals were not accumulated.
Pioneering precision in markerless strain development for Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002
Authors: Tsuji Ayaka , Inabe Kosuke , Hidese Ryota , Kato Yuichi , Domingues Lucília , Kondo Akihiko , Hasunuma Tomohisa
Published: September 2024

Marine cyanobacteria such as Picosynechococcus sp. (formerly called Synechococcus sp.) PCC 7002 are promising chassis for photosynthetic production of commodity chemicals with low environmental burdens. Genetic engineering of cyanobacteria conventionally employs antibiotic resistance markers. However, limited availability of antibiotics is a problem for highly multigenic strain engineering. Although several markerless transformation methods have been developed for PCC 7002, they often lack versatility due to the requirement of gene disruption in the host strain. To achieve markerless transformation in Synechococcus sp. with no requirements for the host strain, this study developed a method in which temporarily introduces a mutated phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase gene (pheS) into the genome for counter selection. Amino acid substitutions in the PheS that cause high susceptibility of PCC 7002 to the phenylalanine analogue p-chlorophenylalanine were examined, and the combination of T261A and A303G was determined as the most suitable mutation. The mutated PheS-based selection was utilized for the markerless knockout of the nblA gene in PCC 7002. In addition, the genetic construct containing the lldD and lldP genes from Escherichia coli was introduced into the ldhA gene site using the counter selection strategy, resulting in a markerless recombinant strain. The repeatability of this method was also demonstrated, suggesting it will be a powerful tool for multigenic strain engineering of cyanobacteria.
Impact of women's sexual health
Authors: Mboudou Michel Salomon
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Prostate cancer is a significant health issue for men. This study investigates whether women’s sexual health and relationship satisfaction influence prostate cancer risk in their male partners.
Methods:
We conducted a prospective cohort study involving 1,000 heterosexual couples where the male partner was over 40 years old. Couples in stable relationships with no prior history of prostate cancer were included. Baseline data included demographic information, medical history, lifestyle factors, the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), and the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) to assess women's sexual health and relationship satisfaction. Sexual activity frequency was also recorded. Participants were followed annually for 10 years to track prostate cancer incidence in men. We used Pearson correlation and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression for statistical analysis.
Results:
We found a significant negative correlation between FSFI scores and prostate cancer incidence (r = -0.42, p < 0.05). Higher DAS scores and more frequent sexual activity were also associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer (r = -0.35 and r = -0.38, respectively, both p < 0.05). These results suggest that better sexual function and relationship satisfaction in women are linked to a lower risk of prostate cancer in their male partners.
Conclusion:
Women’s positive sexual health and relationship satisfaction may reduce prostate cancer risk in men. These findings underscore the importance of considering partner dynamics in prostate cancer prevention strategies and encourage further research into underlying mechanisms.
Exploring Diazotrophic Diversity: Unveiling Nif Core Distribution and Evolutionary Patterns in Nitrogen-Fixing Organisms
Authors: Nichio Bruno Thiago de Lima , Chaves Roxana Beatriz Ribeiro , Pedrosa Fábio Oliveira , Raittz Roberto Tadeu
Published: September 2024

Background Diazotrophs carry out biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) using the nitrogenase enzyme complex (NEC), which relies on nitrogenase encoded by nif genes. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and gene duplications have created significant diversity among these genes, making it challenging to identify potential diazotrophs. Previous studies have established a minimal set of Nif proteins, known as the Nif core, which includes NifH, NifD, NifK, NifE, NifN, and NifB. This study aimed to identify potential diazotroph groups based on the Nif core and to analyze the inheritance patterns of accessory Nif proteins related to Mo-nitrogenase, along with their impact on N2 fixation maintenance.Results In a systematic study, 118 diazotrophs were identified, resulting in a database of 2,156 Nif protein sequences obtained with RAFTS³G. Using this Nif database and a data mining strategy, we extended our analysis to 711 species and found that 544 contain the Nif core. A partial Nif core set was observed in eight species in this study. Finally, we cataloged 662 species with Nif core, of which 52 were novel. Our analysis generated 10,076 Nif proteins from these species and revealed some Nif core duplications. Additionally, we determined the optimal cluster value (k = 10) for analyzing diazotrophic diversity. Combining synteny and phylogenetic analyses revealed distinct syntenies in the nif gene composition across ten groups.Conclusions This study advances our understanding of the distribution of nif genes, aiding in the prediction and classification of N₂-fixing organisms. Furthermore, we present a comprehensive overview of the diversity, distribution, and evolutionary relationships among diazotrophic organisms associated with the Nif core. The analysis revealed the phylogenetic and functional organization of different groups, identifying synteny patterns and new nif gene arrangements across various bacterial and archaeal species.
Efficiency estimation, comparison and explanation of Chinese power grid companies in two periods: Based on stochastic frontier cost models
Authors: Appolloni Andrea , Yin Yong , Li Hong-Zhou
Published: September 2024

This study aims to estimate, compare, and explainefficiency levels of China’s power grid sector in the before- and after-2015 regulatory reform period by using six different stochastic frontier models with a panel data set covering 23 provincial power grid companies in mainland China and spanning 2006-2021. Empirical results show that efficiency scores range from 0.737 to 0.974, depending on models used. What is important is that there are no statistically significant differences in efficiency levels between the pre- and post-regulatory reform period. To explain the reasons behind these surprising results, the study firstly links these outcomes to the internal benchmarks and incredible regulatory commitments of the 2015 revenue cap regime and then relates the characteristics of the 2015 revenue cap regime to background social and political institutions. Finally, some suggestions for both China and other developing countries that may consider introducing best practices from developed countries are put forward.
Sentiment Analysis in Sign Language
Authors: Takır Şeyma , Bilen Barış , Arslan Doğukan
Published: September 2024

In sign languages, communication relies on hand gestures, facial expressions, and body language, with signs varying significantly based on the position and movement of different body parts. These variations present challenges to tasks like sentiment analysis, where the direct translation of hand gestures alone is insufficient. In this study, we introduce a novel approach to sentiment analysis in Turkish Sign Language (TİD), marking the first time in the literature that both hand gestures and facial expressions have been incorporated for this purpose. We developed and fine-tuned customized models for emotion extraction from facial expressions using the RAF-DB dataset, and for sentiment analysis from hand gestures using the AUTSL dataset. Additionally, we compiled a dataset of sign language videos enhanced with facial expressions for testing. Our findings indicate that facial expressions are more critical for sentiment analysis in sign language than hand gestures alone. However, integrating both modalities resulted in even greater performance enhancements.
Asymmetric Bethe Ansatz
Authors: Jackson Steven Glenn , Perrin Hélène , Astrakharchik Grigori E. , Olshanii Maxim
Published: September 2024

The recently proposed exact quantum solution for two \deltaδ-function-interacting particles with a mass-ratio 3\!:\!13:1 in a hard-wall box [Y. Liu, F. Qi, Y. Zhang and S. Chen, iScience 22, 181 (2019)] violates the conventional necessary condition for a Bethe Ansatz integrability, the condition being that the system must be reducible to a superposition of semi-transparent mirrors that is invariant under all the reflections it generates. In this article, we found a way to relax this condition: some of the semi-transparent mirrors of a known self-invariant mirror superposition can be replaced by the perfectly reflecting ones, thus breaking the self-invariance. The proposed name for the method is asymmetric Bethe Ansatz (asymmetric BA). As a worked example, we study in detail the bound states of the nominally non-integrable system comprised of a bosonic dimer in a \deltaδ-well. Finally, we show that the exact solution of the Liu-Qi-Zhang-Chen problem is a particular instance of the the asymmetric BA.
Toward strategic supremacy through absorptive capacity: The mediating role of organizational ambidexterity at Jordanian commercial banks
Authors: Jarrar Ayman , Al Shawabkeh Khaled
Published: September 2024

Disruption in the business environment imposes undeniable realities that require effective strategic management; therefore, the need to develop a particular type of force capable of achieving proactive strategies, influencing competitors’ behavior, and balancing competitive forces has arisen. This study aimed to examine the impact of absorptive capacity on achieving strategic supremacy and the mediating role of organizational ambidexterity within Jordan’s commercial banking industry. It employs 513 questionnaires from middle and upper management through proportionate stratified random sampling. It adopts a quantitative approach through partial least squares structural equation modeling to construct a research model comprising factors affecting strategic supremacy and the mediating role of organizational ambidexterity and validate the research hypotheses. The study revealed that absorptive capacity significantly impacts organization ambidexterity (β = 0.764, t = 33.939, p = 0.000) with explanation power (R2 = 0.584). Organizational ambidexterity has a significant positive impact on strategic supremacy (β = 0.561, t = 12.469, p = 0.000). Absorptive capacity has a significant positive impact on strategic supremacy through organizational ambidexterity (β = 0.334, t = 6.963, p = 0.000) with high explanation power (R2 = 0.712), which means that 71.2% of the variance in strategic supremacy has been explained by absorptive capacity and organizational ambidexterity. Moreover, organizational ambidexterity partially mediates their relationship. It also found that the model’s predictive power was moderate. The study concludes that Jordanian commercial banks have placed high importance on identifying and acquiring valuable external knowledge and balancing their short-term and long-term opportunities to achieve strategic supremacy, leading to sustainable competitive advantage.
An Investigation into the Causes of Organizational Conflict in the Zambian Civil Service: A case Study of the Ministry of Health Headquarters
Authors: Chilo Hamwanza Namwiinga , Dynamite Benson Munkumba Michael
Published: September 2024

The aim of the study was to investigate the major causes of organizational conflict in the Zambian Civil Service (ZCS) with the Ministry of Health Headquarters in Zambia as the case study. The paper analyzes the causes of conflict in order to address inefficiencies and ineffectiveness because if not addressed conflict can lead to low productivity, thereby affecting service delivery. The research will add to the existing knowledge on identifying the causes of conflict in organizations. The convenience sample of one hundred was selected from officers in senior supervisor, supervisor and below supervisor positions. However, to determine the causes, the research only continued with ninety-two respondents as eight of them indicated that they were not aware of conflict in the organization. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for data analysis. The findings indicated that the major cause of conflict was poor communication. The other causes were role ambiguity, difference in values, poor motivation, lack of recognition, unfair treatment, lack of consultation and lack of respect. This paper recommends that responsible officers should proactively identify conflict and address it before productivity is negatively affected.
Competitive Challenges of the Democratic Republic of Congo Companies in the face of African Continental Free Trade Area Agreements
Authors: Kakule Katembo Denis
Published: September 2024

The trade opening constitutes, at the meantime, great opportunities and enormous challenges for home enterprises. When enterprises of countries concerned are not sufficiently prepared, local populations are more attracted by products from foreign enterprises that easily supply the local market with goods and services in quantity and sometimes in quality and in affordable prices an environment that can easily asphyxiate local enterprises. The enterprises of the North-Kivu province, in D.R.C., seem to run this risk due to the effectiveness of agreements of the African Continental Free Trade Area (ACFTA). This province comprises enterprises, of which more than 79 percent are commercial, a fact which is not economically good since these are brokers of foreign enterprises which do not directly afford to reach the Congolese market. In fact, Congolese enterprises are protected by an environmental discomfort that prevents the foreign enterprises to reach, with serenity, the Congolese market. This constitutes an ephemeral advantage because the effectiveness of these agreements should provide all enterprises with the same privileges. In such a situation, the Congolese business, to update its competitiveness in free trade, must sharpen its competitive strategies. Henceforth, the government must establish responsible and coercive measures and mechanisms that can promote production and innovation enterprises, or R.D.C. risks to serve as a market for other countries, members of the agreement, and have its national business asphyxiated.
EFFECT OF PHYSICAL TRAINING ON THE QUALITY OF OPERATOR PERFORMANCE AND FUNCTIONAL CONDITION OF THE OPERATOR IN A MODELED LUNAR GRAVITY
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Khudiakova E.P. , Shpakov А.V. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Tarasenkov G.G. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Sedelkova V.А. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Guerasimova Yu.I. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Gorbachev V.P. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Published: September 2024

Purpose of the work was assess the effects of physical training (PT) in a modeled lunar gravity on the quality of operator's activity (OA) and functional state using the heart rate (HR) and electrodermal measurements. Ten test-subjects were divided into two equal groups: PT and Control. Hypokinesia lasted 10 days. The first 3 days were spent in microgravity modeled by bed rest (BR); the next 7 days, the test-subjects were exposed to a lunar gravity (LG) where they performed PT. Before hypokinesia and on LG day-7 the test-subjects performed combined OA. On LG day-7, the OA quality was improved in 80 % of the PT group and only in 20 % of the Control group. On BR day-7, the OA test increased HR in 60 % of the PT group; besides, according to the electrodermal measurements, OA raised the sympathetic activity by 7 % in comparison with the Control. During the operator's rest time HR increased by 13 % in the PT group and by 23.6 % in the Control, the sympathetic activity by the indexes of electrodermal activity in the PT group was decreased in comparison with the Control.
Cocreative Development of Robotic Interaction Systems for Health Care: Scoping Review
Authors: Müller Pascal , Jahn Patrick
Published: September 2024

Background

Robotic technologies present challenges to health care professionals and are therefore rarely used. Barriers such as lack of controllability and adaptability and complex control functions affect the human-robot relationship. In addition to educational opportunities, the possibility of individual adaptation can improve the usability and practical implementation of robotics. Previous work has focused on developments from a technology-centered perspective and has included user interests too late in the process.

Objective

This study addresses the following research question: What cocreative research approaches are used in the field of nursing robotics to improve the usability, intended use, and goal-directed application of robotic developments for nurses and to support the nursing process?

Methods

This scoping review provides an overview of the topic and the research activities taking place within it. Five databases and the reference lists of the identified publications were searched for studies without further restrictions. Studies were included if they developed and evaluated interaction and control platforms for robotic systems in health care in a cocreative way with end users.

Results

The search resulted in 419 hits, of which 3 publications were included. All publications were feasibility or user studies that were mainly carried out in the European Union. The 3 interaction and control platforms presented were all prototypes and not commercially available. In addition to those in need of care, all studies also included family carers and health care professionals.

Conclusions

Robotic interaction and control platforms in health care are rarely, if ever, developed and evaluated with feasibility or user studies that include prototypes and end users. While the involvement of end users is crucial, this review emphasizes that all stakeholders, including health care professionals, should participate in the development process to ensure a holistic understanding of application needs and a focus on user experiences and practical health care needs. It is emphasized that the active involvement of end users in the development process is critical to effectively meeting the needs of the target group.
Quality Measurement of Consumer Health Questions: Content and Language Perspectives (Preprint)
Authors: Alasmari Ashwag , Zhou Lina
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Health information consumers increasingly rely on question-and-answer (Q&A) communities to address their health concerns. However, the quality of questions posted significantly impacts the likelihood and relevance of received answers.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to improve our understanding of the quality of health questions within web-based Q&A communities.

METHODS

We develop a novel framework for defining and measuring question quality within web-based health communities, incorporating content- and language-based variables. This framework leverages k-means clustering and establishes automated metrics to assess overall question quality. To validate our framework, we analyze questions related to kidney disease from expert-curated and community-based Q&A platforms. Expert evaluations confirm the validity of our quality construct, while regression analysis helps identify key variables.

RESULTS

High-quality questions were more likely to include demographic and medical information than lower-quality questions (P<.001). In contrast, asking questions at the various stages of disease development was less likely to reflect high-quality questions (P<.001). Low-quality questions were generally shorter with lengthier sentences than high-quality questions (P<.01).

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings empower consumers to formulate more effective health information questions, ultimately leading to better engagement and more valuable insights within web-based Q&A communities. Furthermore, our findings provide valuable insights for platform developers and moderators seeking to enhance the quality of user interactions and foster a more trustworthy and informative environment for health information exchange.
GLP-1 Medications in the Social Media Spotlight: Content Analysis of Women's Health, Nontraditional Access, and Barriers to Access (Preprint)
Authors: Bloom Brittnie , Bragg Marie A. , Jay Melanie R. , Harel Daphna , Cline Camile , Crowe Matthew , Montoya Avery , Muthuramalingam Sandhya , Santana Roberto , Albert Stephanie L.
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) medications, recently introduced in the US for treating type 2 diabetes and obesity, have sparked interest and discussion on social media. Social media has emerged as a prominent platform for the distribution of health information; its vast user base and accessibility making it a popular resource for individuals seeking medical advice.

OBJECTIVE

This study characterized GLP-1-related content on Instagram about three critical areas of public health – women’s health, access from nontraditional settings, and barriers to access.

METHODS

We examined 40 GLP-1 related Instagram posts to develop a list of the most frequently used hashtags. Ten “top posts” were collected for 7 days (July 11-17 2023) for 11 study hashtags (e.g., #Ozempic; n=770). Duplicates, deleted posts/accounts, non-English content, and unrelated posts were removed. Each post was reviewed by at least two coders. Coding discrepancies were resolved through discussion.

RESULTS

The final sample included 239 posts. More than half of posts (n=130) were from GLP-1 medication users. Raters perceived most users to be female (92.8%); inferred that most used medications for weight-loss (53.1%); determined the most frequently noted health condition was PCOS (19.2); judged posts to have positive sentiments about well-being (49.2%) and towards the medications (76.9%). About a quarter of posts (23.0%) offered services for obtaining GLP-1 medications; GLP-1 medications were perceived to be accessible via non-traditional healthcare settings (e.g., medical spas) versus traditional (16.3% vs. 5.0%). Most users (80.4%) were perceived to be white; barriers to access (i.e., shortages, insurance, cost) were infrequently mentioned (2.5%, 1.3%, 0.4%, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

Findings highlight the perceived benefits of GLP-1 medications on women’s health, the need to increase health literacy about where to safely access medications, and how additional attention is needed for equitable access to GLP-1 medications. The onus is on social media companies to promote content that is safe and for the healthcare system and its payors to address healthcare inequities for historically marginalized communities.
FUNCTIONAL CONSTIPATION IN CHILDREN: SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC AND RISK FACTORS ANALYSIS FROM A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL OF NORTHERN INDIA
Authors: NAJMUS SAQIB  , MAHVISH QAZI  , ROHIT CHIB
Published: September 2024

Objectives: This study was done to evaluate demography and probable/potential risk factors for functional constipation (FC) in children.
Methods: This was a single-center and cross-sectional study; 100 patients ages ranging from early infancy to 17 years, who were suffering from FC defined by Rome IV criteria were recruited for 6 months. Data were gathered from individuals on sociodemographic characteristics, child’s bowel habits, and psychosocial risk factors by their caregivers using a questionnaire. All patients were examined abdominally and rectally.
Results: Among the studied children 60% were females aged <2 years (54%). Most of the parents were illiterate belonging to urban areas (70%) having low (72%) socioeconomic status. Hard stools were the most common presenting complaint in 76% whereas vomiting was least common in 20% of the studied subjects. Abdominal distension was the most common finding on clinical examination in 42% of cases whereas fecal soiling was the least common only in 8%. Dietary habits were found one of the major probable risk factors. Living in the hostel or madrasa/religious residential institute was found to be a potential risk factor. Among psychological factors, history of fear of using a toilet was the most common type in 30% of cases.
Conclusion: Female gender, low fiber diet, positive family history of constipation, low socioeconomic status, and illiteracy of the mother were all risk factors of FC. Fear of using the toilet was the most common psychological insult.
EVALUATING EXPULSION RATES: POSTPARTUM VERSUS INTERVAL INTRAUTERINE DEVICE INSERTION IN A TERTIARY CARE SETTING
Authors: KHUSHBOO SINGH  , JAYA BARLA  , VAISHALI KORDE NAYAK
Published: September 2024

Objective: The intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) is a safe, reversible, feasible, and cheap form of contraception, yet its popularity is limited partly due to the risk of expulsion. Increased institutional deliveries can enhance family planning services, including postpartum IUCD (PPIUCD) insertion. This study compared the expulsion rates of PPIUCD and interval IUCD and aimed to educate, motivate, and counsel pregnant women about IUCD use.
Methods: This was a comparative study conducted in a tertiary care teaching institute. After counseling, 900 women were willing for IUCD insertion. Outcomes were studied at 6 weeks and at 12 months.
Results: A total of 4605 women were counseled regarding the benefits of IUCD, among which 900 women accepted IUCD as a method of contraception. Six hundred women accepted PPIUCD and 300 opted for interval IUCD. Among PPIUCD acceptors, 402 cases opted for intracesarean insertion of IUCD, and 198 cases opted for post-placental (n=114) and early postpartum (n=84) insertion of IUCD after vaginal delivery. The overall expulsion rate in the PPIUCD group was 6.16% and 1.66% in the interval IUCD group. The expulsion rate was more in multiparas than in primiparas. In the PPIUCD group, the patients who had IUCD insertion in the early postpartum period had a higher expulsion rate than the post-placental and intracesarean group.
Conclusion: Proper counseling helps women make informed choices about IUCDs. Despite higher expulsion rates, PPIUCD can be recommended as an ideal method in developing countries like India, where women often do not return for contraceptive needs.
Mapping the Literary Landscape of Arunachal Pradesh
Authors: Nyokir Yater
Published: September 2024

This paper explores the journey of the literary evolution of Arunachal Pradesh from oral to text, tracing its development through significant socio-cultural and political changes from the mid-20th century to the present. Using a combination of historical analysis, personal interviews with prominent writers, and literary theories, particularly postcolonial theory, this paper chronicles the literary history of Arunachal Pradesh into three phases, providing a comprehensive understanding of its origin and development. This paper also examines the contributions of notable writers such as Lummer Dai, Yeshi Dorjee Thongchi, Mamang Dai, and Taro Sindik in shaping the literary landscape of Arunachal Pradesh. Therefore, this study highlights the unique literary expression of Arunachal Pradesh and the journey of its literary evolution.
Seguridad humana. La responsablidad de proteger
Authors: Leal Moya Leticia
Published: September 2024

Número 114Septiembre - Diciembre 2005Nueva Serie Año XXXVIIIISSN 0041 8633 SEGURIDAD HUMANA. LA RESPONSABILIDAD DE PROTEGER Leticia LEAL MOYA* En el presente artículo la autora nos ofrece una reflexión sobre la evolución de la seguridad humana como una de las prioridades actuales de los Estados. En el ensayo se plantean varias cuestiones sobre la importancia o el nivel de prioridad que debe tener la seguridad individual respecto de la seguridad nacional, por ejemplo. Dentro de sus observaciones, la autora muestra varios casos de países que han tomado posturas diferentes respecto del tema como Canadá, Chile, Japón y México, ya sea por una participación activa en la preconización de éste derecho o por su negación a aceptarlo. Palabras clave: seguridad, persona, Estado, derechos fundamentales. * Doctora en derecho por la Universidad de Wisconsin-Madison, EUA. * Nota: Debido que la traducción es automática podrá ser inexacta o contener errores.
El derecho penal frente a la globalización
Authors: Champo Sánchez Nimrod Mihael
Published: September 2024

Número 116Mayo - Agosto 2006Nueva Serie Año XXXIXISSN 0041 8633 EL DERECHO PENAL FRENTE A LA GLOBALIZACIÓN Nimrod Mihael CHAMPO SÁNCHEZ * El autor del presente estudio observa que actualmente la globalización no sólo se refiere a los intercambios económicos trasnacionales, sino a los procesos que afectan a los Estados y a los individuos en otros aspectos. Entre dichos procesos se encuentran desde el acceso a la información mundial de manera fácil y rápida, hasta los riesgos que son consecuencia de este mismo acceso, como, por ejemplo, los fraudes electrónicos realizados mediante internet o el aumento de la pornografía infantil en razón de su fácil difusión en la red. Éstos son algunos de los retos a los que ahora el derecho penal estatal tiene que responder, además de que el mismo no está concebido para enfrentar a la globalización del delito, y tener la posibilidad de dar soluciones jurídicas contundentes. Palabras clave: derecho penal, globalización, delito. * Licenciado en derecho por la Facultad de Derecho de la UNAM. * Nota: Debido que la traducción es automática podrá ser inexacta o contener errores.
Federalismo y democracia
Authors: Gaudreault-DesBiens Jean-François
Published: September 2024

Número 117Septiembre - Diciembre 2006ISSN 0041 8633 FEDERALISMO Y DEMOCRACIA Jean-François GAUDREAULT-DESBIENS * Con base en la experiencia canadiense, el autor desarrolla en este artículo una reflexión acerca de la relación existente entre federalismo y democracia. Después de una breve descripción de las principales características del régimen constitucional canadiense, el autor enfoca su atención en dichos conceptos, con el propósito de identificar los valores que pueden ser fomentados por el federalismo. Posteriormente, identifica algunos obstáculos políticos que pudieran impedir la evolución de un sistema federal. Palabras clave: federalismo, democracia, Constitución. * Profesor de la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de Toronto, Canadá. Este artículo fue preparado para el congreso internacional "El orden jurídico de la consolidación democrática", México, D. F., 4 y 5 de octubre de 2004. El autor agradece a la licenciada Gabriela Quintanilla Mendoza por la traducción de la versión original inglesa de este artículo. * Nota: Debido que la traducción es automática podrá ser inexacta o contener errores.
La Constitución europea. El modelo federalista
Authors: Morelli Umberto
Published: September 2024

Número 117Septiembre - Diciembre 2006ISSN 0041 8633 LA CONSTITUCIÓN EUROPEA. EL MODELO FEDERALISTA * Umberto MORELLI ** El presente ensayo analiza la situación y los obstáculos que enfrenta la Unión Europea en la actualidad. El autor enfatiza el tema de la legitimidad que es el problema más importante que afronta la unión en estos momentos. Asimismo, señala que es indispensable colocar nuevamente a los ciudadanos en el centro del proceso de unificación y superar así los límites de la democracia nacional para crear una democracia supranacional. El autor propone algunos contenidos para la Constitución europea que pueden ser útiles para superar la fragilidad del cuadro institucional de la Unión Europea. Palabras clave: federalismo, democracia, Constitución, integración. * El artículo en italiano fue publicado en Zagrebelsky, Gustavo (coord.), Diritti e Costituzione nell´Unione Europea, Roma-Bari, Editori Laterza, 2003. Traducción de Edith Cuautle Rodríguez, Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas de la UNAM. ** Profesor de la Universidad de Turín. * Nota: Debido que la traducción es automática podrá ser inexacta o contener errores.
La Uniform Electronic Transactions Act de los Estados Unidos de América
Authors: Rojas Amandi Víctor Manuel
Published: September 2024

Número 119Mayo - Agosto 2007ISSN 0041 8633 LA UNIFORM ELECTRONIC TRANSACTIONS ACT DE LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS DE AMÉRICA Víctor Manuel ROJAS AMANDI* La Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (UETA), una de las leyes uniformes que ha sido propuesta por la National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws y que fue adoptada en 1999, es una ley uniforme que establece un marco legal para las transacciones electrónicas. La UETA se organiza con base en tres principios fundamentales: 1) Si en la mayoría de las disposiciones del derecho estatal exigen un documento escrito, éste puede suplirse con un archivo electrónico; 2) Si estas mismas disposiciones exigen una firma, ésta puede suplirse, casi sin excepción, con una firma electrónica; 3) Las partes implicadas podrán acordar la forma electrónica para efectuar una transacción. En el presente artículo se intentará dar respuesta a las siguientes preguntas: ¿qué es un documento electrónico?, ¿qué factores se deben considerar para determinar si una firma electrónica es apropiada?, ¿deben admitirse los documentos electrónicos en los procesos judiciales? Palabras clave: Contratación electrónica, comercio electrónico, firma electrónica, Estados Unidos, leyes uniformes. * Doctor en derecho por la Universidad de Heidelberg y profesor de la Universidad Iberoamericana. * Nota: Debido que la traducción es automática podrá ser inexacta o contener errores.
Consideraciones durante el proceso comparativo
Authors: Mancera Cota Adrián
Published: September 2024

Número 121Enero - Abril 2008ISSN 0041 8633 CONSIDERACIONES DURANTE EL PROCESO COMPARATIVO* Adrián MANCERA COTA** El presente artículo parte de la idea de que el derecho comparado es un método que puede utilizarse para el desarrollo del derecho nacional e internacional por medio de la comparación, para ello existen varias cuestiones que deben considerarse para alcanzar una comparación aplicable. Palabras clave: derecho comparado, método comparativo, sistemas jurídicos, metodología. * Artículo recibido en enero de 2007 y aceptado el 12 de junio de 2007. ** Licenciado en derecho por la Universidad de Sonora. Maestro en metodología de la investigación por la Universidad de Liverpool. Actualmente, abogado litigante y maestro en las materias de Derecho internacional y Metodología de la investigación en la Universidad de Sonora y Universidad del Valle de México, campus Hermosillo. * Nota: Debido que la traducción es automática podrá ser inexacta o contener errores.
La libre determinación y la autonomía de los pueblos indígenas. El caso de México
Authors: Aparicio Wilhelmi Marco
Published: September 2024

Número 124Enero - Abril 2009ISSN 0041 8633 LA LIBRE DETERMINACIÓN Y LA AUTONOMÍA DE LOS PUEBLOS INDÍGENAS. EL CASO DE MÉXICO*THE SELF-DETERMINATION AND AUTONOMY OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES: THE CASE OF MEXICO Marco APARICIO WILHELMI** El texto se inicia con una aproximación al derecho de libre determinación tal y como lo vienen entendiendo los pueblos indígenas. Se señala que por lo general los pueblos indígenas han enfocado su reivindicación en términos de autonomía hacia el interior de los Estados. En segundo término, se aborda el por qué de las resistencias estatales al reconocimiento del principio de autodeterminación de los pueblos indígenas, tanto en los textos internos como en los internacionales. A continuación, el análisis se traslada a un caso concreto: el caso mexicano. Se abordan en primer lugar los frenos puestos al reconocimiento del derecho de autonomía indígena en la reforma constitucional de 2001. Seguidamente, se aborda la cuestión de la escala de la autonomía (posturas comunitaristas frente a regionalistas). Finalmente, el texto trata de la práctica autonómica en las comunidades zapatistas, al margen de la legalidad vigente, como práctica de desobediencia civil colectiva.Palabras clave: derechos indígenas, pueblos indígenas, libre determinación, autonomía. * Artículo recibido el 1o. de abril de 2008 y aceptado para su publicación el 29 de mayo de 2008. ** Profesor de Derecho constitucional en la Universidad de Girona. * Nota: Debido que la traducción es automática podrá ser inexacta o contener errores.
El procedimentalismo no formalista de Jon Elster y su proyección en el debate teórico e iusfilosófico contemporáneo
Authors: Llano Alonso Fernando H.
Published: September 2024

Número 125Mayo - Agosto 2009ISSN 0041 8633 EL PROCEDIMENTALISMO NO FORMALISTA DE JON ELSTER Y SU PROYECCIÓN EN EL DEBATE TEÓRICO E IUSFILOSÓFICO CONTEMPORÁNEO* JON ELSTER´S NON-FORMALIST PROCEDURALISM AND ITS IMPACT ON TODAY´S THEORETICAL AND PHILOSOPHY OF LAW DISCUSSION Fernando H. LLANO ALONSO** El presente estudio pretende hacer una relectura del formalismo jurídico, de acuerdo con la tesis procedimentalista de Jon Elster. En efecto, a diferencia del formalismo jurídico primigenio, que proponía una explicación neutral y avalorativa del derecho, en la actualidad existe un nuevo modelo formalista que, aplicado al garantismo y al procedimentalismo, constituye en realidad una reformulación de su tradicional neutralidad axiológica y, por consiguiente, también una apertura a los contenidos materiales del derecho, así como una cierta interacción con las teorías valorativas de la conducta humana en el mundo jurídico. Palabras clave: formalismo jurídico, procedimentalismo, positivismo jurídico. * Artículo recibido el 28 de mayo de 2008 y aceptado para su publicación el 3 de octubre de 2008. ** Profesor titular de Filosofía del derecho en la Universidad de Sevilla. * Nota: Debido que la traducción es automática podrá ser inexacta o contener errores.
Derechos fundamentales-derechos humanos. ¿Una distinción válida en el siglo XXI?
Authors: Aguilar Cavallo Gonzalo
Published: September 2024

Número 127Enero - Abril 2010ISSN 0041 8633 DERECHOS FUNDAMENTALES-DERECHOS HUMANOS. ¿UNA DISTINCIÓN VÁLIDA EN EL SIGLO XXI?*FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS-HUMAN RIGHTS. A VALID DISTINCTION IN THE XXITH CENTURY? Gonzalo AGUILAR CAVALLO** En el ordenamiento interno de los Estados, y particularmente en la doctrina constitucional, se efectúa una distinción entre derechos fundamentales y derechos humanos. El concepto de derechos fundamentales ha predominado en el orden estatal. Esta distinción produce una serie de consecuencias en el orden interno de los Estados. Esta diferenciación y, por tanto, estas consecuencias no corresponden con la existencia de un orden jurídico plural al interior del Estado. Entre otras consecuencias, la persistencia de esta distinción entre derechos fundamentales y derechos humanos tiende a mermar el goce efectivo de los derechos económicos, sociales y culturales. Palabras clave: derechos humanos, derechos fundamentales, derecho internacional de los derechos humanos, derecho constitucional comparado. * Artículo recibido el 22 de mayo de 2009 y aceptado para su publicación el 2 de agosto de 2009. ** Doctor en derecho, MA en relaciones internacionales, LLM en derechos humanos y derecho humanitario; profesor de Derecho internacional público y derechos humanos; becario de investigación postdoctoral en el DAAD-Conicyt del Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law, Universidad de Heidelberg; gaguilarch@hotmail.com. * Nota: Debido que la traducción es automática podrá ser inexacta o contener errores.
Vuelo libre. Los cielos abiertos y las competencias externas de la Unión Europea
Authors: Sales Pallarés Lorena
Published: September 2024

Número 127Enero - Abril 2010ISSN 0041 8633 VUELO LIBRE. LOS CIELOS ABIERTOS Y LAS COMPETENCIAS EXTERNAS DE LA UNIÓN EUROPEA* FLYAWAY. OPEN SKIES AND THE EU EXTERNAL COMPETENCES Lorena SALES PALLARÉS** Se pretende en este artículo plantear las dificultades que el derecho del transporte aéreo comunitario ha sorteado hasta llegar al momento actual, siendo el punto de inflexión la Sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia de las Comunidades Europeas de 2002 conocida como la sentencia open skies o "cielos abiertos". El análisis jurisprudencial se hace desde la vertiente del sistema del reparto de competencias entre los Estados miembros y la Comunidad Europea. Mientras el Tratado de Lisboa no entre en vigor y se expliciten los listados competenciales atribuidos a cada uno de ellos, la doctrina AETR con sus posteriores ajustes, es la única doctrina que sirve de medida para delimitar hasta dónde puede negociar la Unión en sus relaciones con terceros Estados. Paralelamente a este hecho, la creación del Cielo Único Europeo supone un reto y un pulso para los 27 Estados miembros, toda vez que significa una pérdida de soberanía y una reorganización de sus espacios aéreos. Palabras clave: derecho, transporte aéreo, derecho comunitario, "cielos abier- tos", competencias externas. * Artículo recibido el 7 de abril de 2009 y aceptado para su publicación el 14 de agosto de 2009. ** Doctora en derecho; profesora de Derecho internacional privado en la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha. * Nota: Debido que la traducción es automática podrá ser inexacta o contener errores.
Coinvolgimento e distacco nella comparazione mondo
Authors: Carducci Michele
Published: September 2024

Número 128Mayo - Agosto 2010ISSN 0041 8633 COINVOLGIMENTO E DISTACCO NELLA COMPARAZIONE MONDO*INVOLVEMENT AND DETACHMENT IN THE WORLD-COMPARISON Michele CARDUCCI** El artículo examina la teoría de Norbert Elias sobre la "figuración", como el conjunto de adquisiciones históricas y de civilización de cada contexto institucional, y propone este método para la comparación constitucional en la realidad contemporánea. Cada comparación en la lectura e interpretación de las Constituciones refleja un balance entre tradiciones, culturas, formalizaciones intelectuales de los sujetos, así como de los objetos de la investigación. Esto significa que las "figuraciones" del investigador condicionan el conocimiento. Sin embargo, sólo un análisis histórico de los procesos de civilización de cada contexto institucional evita envolvimientos involuntarios. Palabras clave: comparación constitucional, método interdisciplinar, civilización, figuración, tradición, cultura, derecho político comparado. * Artículo recibido el 25 de agosto de 2009 y aceptado para su publicación el 11 de enero de 2010. ** Ordinario di Diritto costituzionale comparato. Università del Salento, Italia. * Nota: Debido que la traducción es automática podrá ser inexacta o contener errores.
Ius commune: fundamento del derecho común europeo e iberoamericano. Breve aproximación
Authors: Castro-Camero Rosario de
Published: September 2024

Número 128Mayo - Agosto 2010ISSN 0041 8633 IUS COMMUNE: FUNDAMENTO DEL DERECHO COMÚN EUROPEO E IBEROAMERICANO. BREVE APROXIMACIÓN* IUS COMMUNE: FUNDAMENT OF THE EUROPEAN AND IBEROMERICAN COMMON LAW. SHORT APPROXIMATION Rosario de CASTRO-CAMERO** En la actualidad, la ciencia jurídica internacional atraviesa un periodo de crisis o incertidumbre que, a juicio de la autora, para ser superado requiere una vuelta a sus raíces, a las fuentes del derecho. La creatividad jurídica necesaria para poder elaborar un Código de derecho privado internacional exige volver a las fuentes del utrumque ius, porque ellas recogen los principios jurídicos que pueden hacer posible la aproximación de los distintos derechos nacionales. Esta tarea exige la revisión de las ediciones de fuentes de derecho romano (codicológicas y epigráficas) realizadas en el siglo XIX en Alemania y la elaboración de nuevas ediciones críticas de los manuscritos descubiertos con posterioridad, tanto en Europa como en Iberoamérica. La dificultad y especialización que encierra un proyecto de estas características hacen conveniente la creación de grupos interdisciplinares e internacionales de investigación. Palabras clave: recepción del derecho romano en Europa e Iberoamérica, utrumque ius, ediciones críticas de fuentes, derecho privado internacional. * Artículo recibido el 17 de junio de 2009 y aceptado para su publicación el 5 de febrero de 2010. ** Universidad de Sevilla, España. * Nota: Debido que la traducción es automática podrá ser inexacta o contener errores.
El principio de legalidad y el control de convencionalidad de las leyes: confluencias y perspectivas en el pensamiento de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos
Authors: Londoño Lázaro María Carmelina
Published: September 2024

Número 128Mayo - Agosto 2010ISSN 0041 8633 EL PRINCIPIO DE LEGALIDAD Y EL CONTROL DE CONVENCIONALIDAD DE LAS LEYES: CONFLUENCIAS Y PERSPECTIVAS EN EL PENSAMIENTO DE LA CORTE INTERAMERICANA DE DERECHOS HUMANOS* THE LEGALITY PRINCIPLE AND THE CONVENTIONALITY CONTROL: CONFLUENCES AND DEVELOPMENTS IN THE INTER AMERICAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS María Carmelina LONDOÑO LÁZARO** Los desarrollos de la Corte Interamericana sobre el principio de legalidad permiten concluir que ésta es una premisa transversal de toda la Convención Americana, que impone como referentes no sólo la ley nacional, sino además los estándares que legítimamente se derivan del nuevo orden internacional de los derechos humanos. Desde esta perspectiva, se propone que la creación jurisprudencial del control de convencionalidad es una nueva dimensión del principio de legalidad del cual se derivan obligaciones jurídicas singulares, a cargo de los jueces nacionales. Palabras clave: principio de legalidad, control de convencionalidad. * Artículo recibido el 9 de noviembre de 2009 y aceptado para su publicación el 27 de enero de 2010. Este estudio se ha desarrollado en el seno del Grupo de Investigación en Derecho Internacional y Derechos Humanos de La Universidad de La Sabana (Colombia), a propósito del proyecto de investigación "Estándares internacionales para administrar justicia", con la especial contribución de los jóvenes investigadores María del Pilar Gutiérrez Perilla y Alexander Piñeros Aponte. La versión definitiva del artículo además ha contado con los valiosos comentarios del doctor Sergio García Ramírez y la profesora Juana Inés Acosta López. ** Abogada en la Universidad de La Sabana, LLM de University of Queensland (Australia), doctoranda de la Universidad Austral (Argentina). Directora del Área de Derecho Internacional, Comunitario y Relaciones Internacionales, así como del Grupo de Investigación en Derecho Internacional y Derechos Humanos en la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de La Sabana. * Nota: Debido que la traducción es automática podrá ser inexacta o contener errores.