bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital Technologies as a Means of Exercising Electoral Rights of Сitizens of the Russian Federation
Authors: Frolova T. Yu.
Published: September 2024

The paper provides an overview of digital resources used during election campaigns, highlighting their positive and negative sides supported by cases from practice. Electronic democracy is considered as a logical consequence of introduction of information technologies to the life of society. The paper analyzes remote electronic voting as a subsidiary way of implementing active suffrage in the Russian Federation; The author considers a "Mobile Voter" as an alternative to absentee ballots that meets the requirements of the time; digital services provided through the federal state information system "Unified Portal of State and Municipal Services", as well as the possibilities of artificial intelligence in the framework of elections. It is pointed to the promotion of digital resources for the implementation of not only active but passive suffrage, which is expressed in the possibility of collecting signatures by candidates online. We witness an increase in the importance of AI technologies during election campaigns, as well as the need for legislative regulation of the limits of their use due to the risks of spreading fake information that can influence the opinion of voters about running candidates and, as a result, the election results. Since artificial intelligence technologies are new, there are gaps in the legal regulation of the issue under consideration in the Russian Federation. Thus, the paper indicates the impossibility of solving the identified problem by the point adoption of certain norms and, using the example of foreign experience, emphasizes the need for a systematic approach to the development of an appropriate regulatory legal act and highlights the possibility of forming a new branch of law (a digital branch) due to the announcement of the adoption of the digital code.
Property Separation. Responsibility of Heirs as a Case Study
Authors: Ibragimov K. Yu.
Published: September 2024

The paper is devoted to the problem of legal separation of the testator’s property from the property of the heirs. The legal separation of property is understood as giving it a specific legal regime, including the division of property into different pools of assets owed to different creditors. In the comparative legal aspect, the author examines the practical advantages and disadvantages of various models of legal separation of inherited property or the absence of separation. The paper analyzes the problems of Russian regulation of the liability of heirs: the legislative certainty of the liability model; the perception of this model by judicial practice and doctrine; the fairness of the current distribution of risks of insolvency and destruction of inherited property between creditors of the heir and the testator; features of bankruptcy of the estate. Using the case of inherited property, general conclusions are formulated concerning the phenomenon of detached property as an independent phenomenon of civil law, different from the institution of limited liability and the phenomenon of a legal entity.
Public Danger of the Act: Verification Impossible?
Authors: Lopashenko N. A.
Published: September 2024

Public danger, being largely objective in nature, is the most important feature of a crime, underlying the decision to criminalize some act. However, there is no knowledge on how to verify whether it exists in each specific case of criminal legal prohibition, since the theory of verification of public danger in Russia has yet to be formed. The paper proposes approaches to solving this problem. In a number of cases, it should be recognized that public danger is a presumption (in particular, for those criminal acts that involve causing harm to life or health, using coercion, some forms of deception, etc.). The presumption is based here on such a method of verification as protocol statements, and, in fact, does not require other methods. In all other cases, when verifying a public danger, the author suggests relying on the method of expert assessments, proof by contradiction, and looking for new ways to verify the true nature of the public danger. In this case, verification of public danger is mandatory and should ideally be carried out at the stage of drafting the bill.
Complete Prohibition as a Method of Legal Regulation of Confidential Cooperation of Lawyers with Intelligence Bodies, and Intelligence Operations Privileges
Authors: Sofronov D. N.
Published: September 2024

Russian legislation that regulates legal relations of confidential cooperation of lawyers with intelligence bodies is characterized by inconsistencies that can be overcome optimally within the framework of law-making activities. The conducted analysis makes it possible to conclude that the most acceptable way of legal regulation of the relations in question is the ban on the establishment of legal relations of confidential cooperation. It is due to the specifics of advocacy and the special status of the legal privilege as an institution of civil society that performs significant functions in protecting the rights and legitimate interests of individuals and legal entities. At the same time, the author believes it is permissible to make an exception as to legal privileges of intelligence character by recognizing the establishment of legal relations of confidential cooperation between the relevant entities when competent authorities are in need of the assistance of persons of the specified category involved in any form in the activities of criminal groups, organizations or communities provided that such confidential cooperation is used to suppress the functioning of these destructive associations.
The Problem of the Prohibition of Wars of Aggression in the History of International Law
Authors: Ilinskaya O. I.
Published: September 2024

The turn of the 19th and 20th centuries was marked by the emergence of individual international acts that established certain restrictions on one of the traditional rights of states – the right to war. The need for their comprehensive study is obvious, since it was these acts that created a kind of foundation for the development of interstate cooperation in the direction of developing such legal norms that would serve as a reliable barrier against the outbreak of wars of conquest in the future. In this context, of primary importance is the 1919 Covenant of the League of Nations, whose articles, among other things, set out procedural requirements, the fulfilment of which was a necessary condition preceding the resort to armed force.

The subject of the study is also the Paris Pact of 1928, which for the first time at the universal level states recorded a provision prohibiting the unleashing of aggressive wars. At the same time, the legal and grammatical interpretation of the provisions of this treaty source allowed the author to conclude that, in reality, the established prohibition was not absolute in nature, since not all situations related to the resort of states to armed force in their international relations can be classified as war. This state of affairs, where states had a real opportunity to circumvent the treaty-established prohibition, became an important prerequisite for continuing work to agree on an international definition of aggression.

Other international acts that played a certain role in establishing a general prohibition of the use of force in international relations also became the subject of analysis in this paper.
The Prosecutor’s Office of the Baikonur complex and its Place in the Russian Prosecutor’s Office System
Authors: Zhukova P. D.
Published: September 2024

Currently, the role of the prosecutor’s office in the system of public authorities in Russia is quite high. This is confirmed by a wide range of functions assigned to the prosecutor’s office by Federal Law No. 2202-1 dated 17.01.1992 “On the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation”, organizational and administrative documents of the supervisory authority, as well as the practical participation of the prosecutor’s office and coverage of its activities in the information space. Of course, specialized prosecutor’s offices deserve special attention, a number of which are not textually fixed in the above-mentioned law. These include, for example, the prosecutor’s office of the Baikonur complex, which has specifics due to various features, which will be discussed. Based on the analysis of the activities of the prosecutor’s office of the Baikonur complex, as well as the doctrinal provisions in relation to it, the author’s conclusions and proposals concerning the further development of the prosecutor’s office under consideration are formed. One of the key proposals is the development and publication of an Order of the Prosecutor General of Russia, consolidating the provisions concerning the activities of the Prosecutor’s office of the Baikonur complex.
The Role of the Prosecutor’s Office in Countering Extremist Activities in the Russian Federation: Current Challenges and Ways to Overcome It
Authors: Mishakova N. V.
Published: September 2024

The article analyzes the problem of the activities of the prosecutor’s office in countering extremism. To identify the problem associated with the insufficiency of legal regulation, the following algorithm was used: analysis of the provisions of sectoral legislation to identify the assigned powers of the prosecutor; additionally analyzed judicial and administrative practices in cases related to extremism; used a comparison method, including the assigned powers of other law enforcement agencies. The author substantiates the need to improve legal regulation, since prosecutors today, both within the framework of supervisory powers and nonsupervisory activities, ensure legality in the mentioned area. Based on the conducted research, the author concludes that in domestic legislation, the prosecutor’s offices, which are currently entrusted with the main front of work, are not properly enshrined in legislation as subjects of countering extremism, which raises law enforcement issues in practice. It is proved that due to the ambiguous law enforcement and judicial interpretation, it is necessary to develop common approaches to the interpretation of legislation, to identify and record extremist offenses.
Changes to Art. 52 of the Arbitration Procedure Code of the Russian Federation — a Step towards Further Expanding the Powers of the Prosecutor in the Arbitration Process?
Authors: Nazritskaya Т. S.
Published: September 2024

In the context of the sanctions policy of Western countries and the difficult path of development of the domestic economy emerging in this regard, the author emphasizes the special role of the prosecutor’s office in strengthening the rule of law and protecting the rights and interests of subjects of legal relations. The main attention is paid to the issues of the limits of the prosecutor’s participation in the arbitration process, as well as to the analysis and assessment of changes made to the legislation starting from 2021, expanding the powers of the supervisory agency when considering economic disputes, which is the scientific novelty of the study. The author has made a brief overview of cases considered by arbitration courts with the participation of the prosecutor, taking into account the new powers granted to him by the legislator. The lack of regulation of the procedural participation of the prosecutor in the arbitration court has been a subject for study for the second decade, taking into account which the author concluded that there is an objective need to further increase the powers of the prosecutor in the arbitration process given the current state of the Russian economy, its scaling and complexity.
The Causal Relationship between the Act and the Socially Dangerous Consequences of the Use of Prohibited Means and Methods of Warfare
Authors: Mironenko S. Yu.
Published: September 2024

The article analyzes the causal relationship between the act and the socially dangerous consequences of the use of prohibited means and methods of warfare. The causal relationship linking the act and socially dangerous consequences is an important sign of the objective side of the use of prohibited means and methods of warfare with material composition. In the criminal law sense, this means that the criminal consequence is generated by a socially dangerous and illegal act of the subject of the crime. The causal relationship in the use of prohibited means and methods of warfare with material composition is most often characterized by the presence of numerous links between a criminal act and socially dangerous consequences. The causal relationship in the use of prohibited means and methods of warfare with material composition is often characterized by the presence of a time interval between the action and its consequence.
Oral hygiene for severe care: a literature review
Authors: Baykulova Malina D. , Razumova Svetlana N. , Brago Angela S. , Utz Nikolay V. , Barakat Haydar B. , Razumov Nicolai M. , Myandiev Moris S.
Published: September 2024

The efficacy and quality of oral hygiene are currently a major concern, especially in intensive care patients.
This literature review assessed the available data on oral hygiene in intensive care patients using various antiseptics, as well as the methods of their use.
The literature search was performed using databases Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, eLIBRARY.RU, and Google Scholar. Original peer-reviewed research on the clinical efficacy of oral care published between 2000 and 2023 were analyzed. The studies assessed the efficacy of hydrogen peroxide (n=2, 10%), chlorhexidine (n=10, 50%), Povidone-Iodine (n=2, 10%), and herbal formulations (n=4, 20%).
According to the majority of studies, oral hygiene in intensive care patients reduces the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia, but has no effect on the duration of artificial ventilation or the mortality rate.
The study discovered the absence of a universal, effective protocol for oral hygiene in intensive care patients, as well as guidelines for the selection of antiseptics, their concentration, and application methods. This subject necessitates further research.
Retrospective analysis and clinical features of periapical tissue regeneration
Authors: Serazetdinova Anastasia R. , Gracheva Anastasia N. , Saakyan Maria N. , Lisevtsova Yulia V.
Published: September 2024

Background: Chronic periodontitis is associated with changes in periapical tissues. Untimely diagnosis and lack of appropriate mechanical treatment increase the incidence of chronic periodontitis. Periodontitis that causes destructive changes due to long-term inflammation of periapical tissues is of particular concern. Thus, the treatment of destructive periodontal diseases is a pressing issue in modern dentistry.
Aim: To assess periapical tissue regeneration following treatment in chronic periodontitis patients.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of the destruction and regeneration of periapical tissues before and after treatment during 3–6 months was performed in 20 patients.
Results: A retrospective analysis of X-ray findings in 20 patients revealed bone destruction of varying degrees. Low-quality root canal preparation was due to various factors, primarily the anatomy and topography of root canals. Of the 20 patients who required treatment for chronic periodontitis with varying degrees of destruction, 16 came back for follow-up appointments and received endodontic treatment. Following treatment, X-ray findings were used to identify taper root canal preparation and assess the quality of obturation up to the root apex. X-ray examination was performed after 3 months in patients with clinical signs of periodontitis and after 6 months in patients without clinical signs of periodontitis. After 3 months, X-ray findings showed a reduction in bone destruction in the causative tooth area, indicating an improvement.
Conclusion: The study of periapical tissue regeneration following treatment in chronic periodontitis patients revealed that effective apical preparation, as well as appropriate irrigation and root canal filling, promote regeneration in periodontitis. Healing of periapical tissues is essential for effective root canal treatment.
Clinical significance of mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width, and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in children with familial mediterranean fever
Authors: Trabzon Gül , Ergüven Müferet , Kızmaz İşançlı Didem , Yasa Emine Olcay
Published: September 2024

Objective: Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by recurrent fever and polyserositis. Studies conducted in recent years emphasize the importance of platelet parameters in chronic diseases. This study examined changes in attack and attack-free periods in children with FMF, focusing on Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), an indicator of disease severity.
Method: 150 FMF patients (90 girls, 60 boys) and 50 healthy individuals (29 men, 21 women) were included in the study. Data were analyzed according to colchicine treatment, attack, and attack-free periods. The severity of the disease was classified as mild, moderate, and severe.
Results: MPV levels of patients with FMF were higher than the healthy group. In particular, MPV levels decreased significantly during attacks, with a more pronounced decrease in severe cases.
Conclusion: As a result, MPV measurement is a cost-effective and rapid method that can support the evaluation of disease severity and attack periods in FMF patients.
Investigation of apoptotic efficacy of propolis in MCF-7 cell line
Authors: Gülbol Duran Gülay
Published: September 2024

Objective: Propolis, also known as bee glue, is a resinous compound collected by honey bees from various plants and processed by their saliva enzymes. Propolis and its components have been studied for their cytotoxic effects on cell lines in vitro, and recent studies have shown that they also have an antitumor effect in vivo. This study aimed to investigate the in-vitro apoptotic effects of propolis on the human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7).
Method: The MTT test was used to determine the effect of propolis on cell viability and the doses to be administered. The GraphPad Prism Version 6.01 program was used to analyze the MTT results, while the qRT-PCR method was used to determine the expression levels of Caspase-8, Caspase-9, and Bcl-2 genes. The RT2 profiler PCR Assay Data Analysis version 3.5 was used to analyze gene expression data.
Results: This study it was found that doses of 3.9 and 7.8 µg/ml of propolis showed no cytotoxic effect, while doses of 15.625 µg/ml and above had a cytotoxic effect. There was no change in the expression levels of genes at concentrations of 3.9 µg/ml and 7.8 µg/ml of propolis. However, at 15.625 µg/ml of propolis, Caspase-9 gene expression increased 11.89-fold (p=0.033). Although there was no significant difference in Caspase-8 gene expression in the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis (p=0.437), a 0.04-fold decrease in anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene expression was observed (p=0.000098).
Conclusion: In conclusion, propolis showed a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on the MCF-7 cell line, induced apoptosis, and did so via the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. The study suggests that propolis has high potential as an anticancer agent since its apoptotic effects have been demonstrated in the MCF-7 cell line.
Asociación entre la importancia de la Educación Física y la ansiedad físico social en España
Authors: Rojo-Ramos Jorge , Espinosa-Mogollón Laura , Galán-Arroyo Carmen
Published: September 2024

La ansiedad físico social (AFS) es un trastorno cada vez más frecuente en la adolescencia que perjudica la salud mental. A su vez, la Educación Física (EF) puede desempeñar un papel importante en la reducción de la AFS al proporcionar a los estudiantes un entorno donde puedan participar en actividad física, mejorar su concepto físico, desarrollar habilidades sociales y optimizar su bienestar. El objetivo esconocer si existe relación entre la importancia que las personas le asignan a la EF y su nivel de AFS en estudiantes de EF en España. Para ello, estudiantes de EF españoles entre 12-14 años fueron encuestados a través de la Escala de AFS (SPAS-7) y la escala unifactorial para la valoración de la importancia de la EF. Los resultados mostraron que la correlación entre ambas variables es inversa y significativa (p<0,01), siendo más evidente en chicas que en chicos. La ansiedad físico-social de adolescentes españoles disminuye conforme aumenta la importancia atribuida a la EF, sobre todo en chicas.  Sería relevante concienciar a la población de la importancia de la EF sobre la AFS en la adolescencia para contribuir a la mejora de la salud mental.
Progression of Neuroimaging Features Associated with Dyskeratosis Congenita and Short Telomere Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Espinoza Devina , Ginat Daniel
Published: September 2024

Background: Dyskeratosis congenita is a rare genetic disorder resulting from mutations that lead to shortened telomeres and premature cellular aging. Although it classically presents with a triad of mucocutaneous abnormalities, it has diverse clinical manifestations, affecting multiple organ systems. Neurological involvement, often seen in severe variants, constitutes a significant element of the disease’s pathophysiology, highlighting the vast array of observed complications. Case Presentation: A 5-year-old girl with a known diagnosis of dyskeratosis congenita due to a WRAP53 mutation presents with bloody stools and epilepsy. Her clinical course was marked by gastrointestinal disturbances, hematologic sequelae, and severe hepatic manifestations, including recurrent bleeding episodes. Discussion: This case highlights the complex interplay between telomere dysfunction and the systemic and neurological manifestations in dyskeratosis congenita. The serial brain MRI findings reveal progressive white matter disease, brain volume loss, and choroid plexus calcifications, indicating a rapid neurodegenerative progression and premature aging. Enhanced surveillance and tailored management strategies are crucial to mitigate disease-associated morbidity. Conclusion: Dyskeratosis congenita due to a WRAP53 mutation enriches our understanding of its neurodegenerative dimensions and emphasizes the pivotal role of telomeres in systemic and neurological health. Integrating advanced imaging with comprehensive multidisciplinary management improves disease monitoring and optimizes patient care.
Utilization of alternative treatment for management of clenching and bruxism
Authors: Kurtzman Gregori , Horowitz Robert , Decker Charlie
Published: September 2024

Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a prevalent orofacial pain condition of non-dental origin affecting the temporomandibular joints (TMJ) and/or the associated orofacial muscles, often presenting as clenching and bruxism. Stress is a major contributor to increases in bruxism and clenching and discomfort increases as life stress increases. Traditional treatment has been with the use of mouthguards to alleviate stress on the joint. Alternative treatment utilizing low magnitude high frequency vibration (LMHFV) or photobiomodulation (PBM) has demonstrated useful in those patients having increases in daytime bruxism and clenching and can be a useful adjunct to nocturnal use of mouthguards. This article will discuss their applications and the authors personal experiences with their use.
Definitive Local Treatment for Metastatic Prostate Cancer: A National Cancer Database Analysis
Authors: Whalen Michael , Nagao Paul , Luu Jennica , Antarmw Ryan , Drouaud Arthur , Xu Vincent , Boyarsky Brandon , Gordon Olivia
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer mortality in US males, with metastatic disease (mPCa) comprising 5% of cases. This represents an incurable and uniformly lethal disease. Thus, novel therapeutic approaches are needed. Cytoreductive surgery in the metastatic setting has become commonplace for renal cell carcinoma, and definitive local radiotherapy has been employed in the oligometastatic setting for prostate cancer via the STAMPEDE trial. This study further explores the use of definitive local treatment via pelvic radiotherapy or radical prostatectomy along with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) vs. ADT alone in the setting of metastatic prostate cancer. Methods: The 2019 National Cancer Database (NCDB) was queried to conduct a retrospective cohort analysis of cT1-4N0-3M1 PCa who received local therapy in conjunction with ADT vs. ADT alone. Clinicopathologic variables were compared between the two groups using Wilcoxon signed rank and Chi-square for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Overall survival (OS) analysis was performed using Cox Proportional Hazards and the Kaplan-Meier method. Comparisons were made between local therapy + ADT vs. ADT alone and between radical prostatectomy + ADT vs. radiation therapy + ADT vs. ADT alone. Results: A total of n=36,635 patients with cM1 were identified, with 3197 (8.7%) patients receiving local therapy + ADT. Among local therapy + ADT, 2884 (90.2%) patients received radiation therapy + ADT, and 313 (9.8%) received radical prostatectomy + ADT. The median follow-up was 2.8 years. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed significant improvement in 5-year OS for patients who received local therapy + ADT vs. ADT alone. For ADT alone, 5-year OS was 31.3% (CI= 30.7-31.8%) vs. 54.2%. (CI= 52.4-56.1%) for local therapy +ADT. Furthermore, comparing the type of local therapy on Kaplan-Meier analysis: radical prostatectomy + ADT showed better 5-yr OS, 74.0% (CI= 67.5-79.1%) vs. 52.2% (CI= 50.2-54.2%) for radiation therapy +ADT (p<0.001). Conclusion: Definitive local treatment, in addition to ADT, may improve 5-year OS for well-selected patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Patient outcomes are significantly improved for those treated with radical prostatectomy vs. radiation therapy. These findings support multimodal treatment for metastatic prostate cancer, and further studies are needed to optimize criteria for patient selection and choice of definitive localized therapy in this setting.
The Role of Social Sciences in Dentistry Undergraduate Courses: A Case Report from Brazil
Authors: Pimenta Melissa
Published: September 2024

In this article, we present an analysis of the contribution of social sciences to teaching undergraduate dentistry courses. Based on a literary review of the influence of behavioral and social sciences on oral health research and a case report from a public university in Porto Alegre, Brazil, I propose to consider the interface between health and social sciences, presenting some of our contributions to the training process of undergraduate students at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Introductory social sciences classes have been incorporated into various healthcare faculties, such as nutrition, dentistry, physiotherapy, medicine, obstetrics, and nursing. The acknowledgment of the importance of social sciences to the formation of health care professionals is reflected in the introduction in the curriculum of topics such as human rights, ethics in the relation of professionals and patients, as well as the challenges presented by social inequalities and the humanistic perspective of integral attention. In this sense, social sciences present undergraduates with a privileged perspective to the understanding of the patient both as a subject of rights, situated in a social, cultural, economic, and political context, and as a critical interpreter and agent of his own body, capable of recognizing and identifying illness processes, choosing, and attending therapy protocols and, therefore, capable of contributing to the continuity as well as transformation of healthcare practices. The inclusion of social sciences classes in undergraduate dentistry courses has given students an invaluable perspective on patients as individuals with rights situated within a social, cultural, economic, and political context. This understanding enables students to identify and tackle social inequalities, maintain ethical standards in their professional practice, and offer holistic care when training in programs integrated into the Brazilian Unified Health System. In addition, social sciences classes equip students with critical thinking skills that enable them to analyze and interpret patient experiences, make informed decisions regarding treatment protocols, and contribute to better treatment adherence, prevention practices, and therapy continuity.
MYOSTEATOSIS AS A RISK FACTOR FOR HEPATOCELULAR CARCINOMA RECURRENCE AFTER DECEASED DONOR LIVER TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: Bezerra Regis , Pinheiro Rafael , Magalhães Tiago , Fortunato Allana , Tambelini Liege , Conti Gustavo , Aguiar Matheus , Santos Vinicius , Waisberg Daniel , Rocha Manoel , Cerri Giovanni , D’Albuquerque Luis , Andraus Wellinton
Published: September 2024

NTRODUCTION: Sarcopenia is defined as loss of muscle mass. Besides, myosteatosis is characterized by increased proportion of intermuscular and intramuscular fat. We aimed evaluate the impact of sarcopenia and myosteatosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence after liver transplantation. METHODS: Retrospective study of consecutive patients with HCC who underwent liver transplantation in a single institution. Right psoas attenuation (PAt) was measured in Hounsfield units at the level of the third lumbar vertebra. Partial volume of the right psoas (PV) was measured up to the level of the iliac crest. Sarcopenia was defined based on the median values found in each measured parameter. RESULTS: Our study sample included 206 patients. The median follow-up was 4.83 years (IQR 2.35–7.82 years). Overall survival was 84% at 1 year and 75% at 3 years. There were 16 patients (7.76%) with HCC recurrence. Sarcopenia had no impact on overall survival (p<0.68) or disease-free survival (p<0.679). The continuous value of psoas attenuation was negatively associated with the risk of HCC recurrence (p=0.017). Univariate analysis for HCC recurrence identified micro- and macrovascular invasion, preoperative AFP greater than 200, pathological staging beyond Milan Criteria and presence of myosteatosis as significant risk factors. Multivariate analysis only confirmed myosteatosis as an independent risk factor for recurrence (HH 5.88, 95% CI 1.52; 25, and p=0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Myosteatosis was associated with HCC recurrence after liver transplantation.
An Accurate Algebraic Closed Form Solution for Drug Transport Kinetics through P-Glycoprotein Expressing Confluent Cell Monolayers by Fitting Our Experimentally Derived Empirical Fitting Function with the Elementary Rate Constants of 370 Virtual P-gp subs
Authors: Bentz Joe , Ellens Harma
Published: September 2024

The kinetics of transport by P-gp through confluent cell monolayers is typically modelled by a version of the Michaelis-Menten equations within PBPK mechanistic models1-5. The quasi-steady-state Michaelis-Menten equation was solved by the Lambert W-function, which is an infinite summation series that can only be evaluated in Matlab, Maple and a few other math programs6. Our Structural Mass Action Kinetic Model (SMAKM) for P-gp transport through confluent cell monolayers was built from a more accurate set of mass action kinetic equations. Its most significant departure from PBPK mechanistic models was that P-gp can only bind drug that has partitioned from the cytosol into the cytosolic monolayer, according to its molar partition coefficient KPC, since that is where P-gp’s substrate binding site resides. Our analysis of P-gp transport for many drugs using SMAKM has shown that most, if not all, commonly used P-gp expressing cells also express basolateral and apical uptake transporters for many, if not all, P-gp substrates. An algebraic Closed Form Solution for P-gp transport has been built by fitting the elementary rate constants of 370 Virtual P-gp substrates to an algebraic equation we started building in 2005 to fit our experimental drug transport kinetics through P-gp expressing confluent cell monolayers. The resultant algebraic Closed Form Solution clearly shows how each of P-gp’s elementary rate constants contributes to transport. It is currently used, within Excel, to predict the upper and lower bounds required to fit the elementary rate constants of new experimental drug transport data using Matlab’s Particle Swarm program.
Creation of a Novel 3D-Printed Amniocentesis Simulation Model and Impact on Resident Confidence
Authors: Pape Kelsey , Wilson Ashtin , Cronin Nichole , Parmenter Jacob , Ellis Nick , Rouse Caroline , Shanks Anthony
Published: September 2024

Background: Non-invasive prenatal screening has decreased opportunities for diagnostic antenatal procedures during residency training. Commercially available models are often cost prohibitive while homemade models can be low fidelity and non-reusable. Objective: To create a training tool with realistic anatomy, tissue-specific tactile sensation, and cost-effective assembly for amniocentesis procedural technique practice and evaluate its impact on trainee confidence with performance. Study Design: Collaborating with biomedical engineering students, our team defined several characteristics to achieve a high-fidelity model: compatible with ultrasound, anatomically accurate, demonstrate tactile realism, endure repeat use, and be cost-effective. A 3-D printed model was created that satisfied fidelity guidelines after rigorous materials and imaging testing. Results: We implemented the model in the observed structured clinical exam for Obstetrics and Gynecology residents in which trainees (PGY2-4) performed an amniocentesis after guided practice with Maternal-Fetal Medicine faculty. Residents were given pre and post-simulation Likert scale surveys regarding confidence and satisfaction with the model. Descriptive analyses and paired t-test were used for analysis. 19 residents completed both pre and post surveys. Mean resident confidence in performing an amniocentesis increased from 1.6 to 3.2 (p<0.001, scale 1-5) after the practice session. Most residents (89.5%) strongly agreed that the model was easy to use and would use it to practice independently. Conclusion: This novel 3-D printed, ultrasound compatible, anatomically accurate, and cost-effective amniocentesis model provides high-fidelity procedural practice and improved trainee confidence. Models such as these have the potential to greatly impact skill development for rare procedures. Future directions include modifying this model for additional fetal procedures, such as cordocentesis.
Preventive Care Practices: A Retrospective Database Study of Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccination Among Adults with Diabetes
Authors: Katas Shalom , Iyayi Inelefo , Okoronkwo Princess , Olagbemi Derek , Dada Tinuade , Odutola Oluwadamilola , Momodu Paul , Utulor Stephen , Nwadinigwe Uzodinma , Osundiji Oluwabusayo , Okobi Okelue
Published: September 2024

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent chronic disease that significantly increases the risk of complications from infections such as influenza and pneumococcal disease. Despite established recommendations for vaccination, coverage rates among adults with diabetes remain suboptimal. This study aims to analyze trends in influenza and pneumococcal vaccination rates among adults with diabetes using the United States Diabetes Surveillance System (USDSS) database. Methods: This retrospective database study utilized data from the USDSS from 2000 to 2022, which provides comprehensive nationwide data on diabetes care. The study population included adults aged 18 and above with a documented diagnosis of diabetes. Data were extracted on demographic variables (age, sex, race/ethnicity), clinical characteristics (type of diabetes, duration of diabetes, comorbid conditions), and vaccination records. Descriptive statistics summarized demographic and clinical characteristics, while temporal trends in vaccination rates were analyzed using graphical representations. Results: Over the past two decades, influenza vaccination rates among adults with diabetes increased from 41.4% in 2000 to 56.7% in 2019, reflecting improved awareness and healthcare practices, though slightly dipping to 54.2% in 2022. In contrast, pneumococcal vaccination rates showed more variability, starting at 29.3% in 2000, peaking at 39.4% in 2018, and declining to 30.2% in 2022, indicating challenges in maintaining high coverage. Influenza vaccination rates showed an overall increasing trend across all demographic groups: rates among Hispanic individuals increased from 32.1% in 2000 to 55.4% in 2022, non-Hispanic Whites from 43.4% to 52.7%, and non-Hispanic Blacks from 39.2% to 44.5%. Pneumococcal vaccination rates also increased but displayed more variability; Hispanic rates peaked at 33.3% in 2016, non-Hispanic Whites at 45.6% in 2019, and non-Hispanic Blacks at 41.7% in 2017. Higher educational attainment was consistently associated with higher vaccination rates for both vaccines. Conclusions: This study highlights significant improvements in influenza and pneumococcal vaccination rates among adults with diabetes over the past two decades. However, disparities remain, particularly among racial and educational groups. Targeted strategies are necessary to address these disparities and enhance vaccination coverage, ultimately reducing the risk of severe infections in this vulnerable population.
Disparities in Colorectal Cancer Presentation at a National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Center and a Safety-Net Hospital during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Buhaya Munir , Turley Megan , Vasquez Ofelia , Bryant Nicholas , Baqir Jafry Baqir , Chilakamarry Sitaram , Pogacnik Javier , Kazmi Syed , Huang Emina
Published: September 2024

Background: The clinical setting where patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), especially young adults, accessed the healthcare system during the COVID-19 pandemic to obtain their diagnosis is understudied. We hypothesized that patients with early-onset CRC (EO-CRC) present at disproportionate rates to emergency departments compared to patients with average-age onset CRC (AO-CRC). Patient and Methods: Clinical chart review was conducted for patients discussed at tumor board from the University of Texas Southwestern and Parkland Health Hospitals from August 2020 to August 2022 to compare the site of presentation that led to diagnosis: emergency department or primary care setting. Results: Two-hundred and ninety-three patients with CRC were included (69% AO-CRC, 31% EO-CRC), presenting at similar rates to primary care providers and emergency department (55% vs 45%, respectively). Most patients who presented to the emergency department received their cancer care at the safety net hospital (70%, p <0.001). Race/ethnicity, and comorbidities like obesity and metabolic dysregulation were also associated with emergency department presentation. Patients from the safety net hospital and those with obesity-related comorbidities were more likely present to the emergency department (OR 5.98, 95% CI 2.88 - 12.41, p<0.001; OR 4.18, 95% CI 1.18 - 14.81, p=0.03). Patients with rectal cancer are less likely to present to the emergency department (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.21 - 0.85, p=0.02). No differences were observed between EO-CRC and AO-CRC with respect to the presentation site. Conclusion: Here we identified factors linked to CRC diagnostic access to the healthcare system during the COVID-19 pandemic in a racially and ethnically diverse population. Future research in this area can inform specialized CRC screening and diagnostic pathways for vulnerable young adults, guiding resource allocation to improve access to care and prompt diagnosis. Additionally, these insights can guide diagnostic access plans during global health crises for at-risk populations.
Environmental Sciences for the Students of B.Pharm 2nd Semester
Authors: Mishra Ankit Kumar , Mishra Dr. J.N. , Bharati Vinay , Pandey Abhuday Bhushan
Published: September 2024

The opportunity to prepare a book on “Environmental Sciences” provided us the occasion to serve to the students of B.Pharm. Semester-2.
We take pleasure in presenting this book to provide the students updated and collective information on various aspects of Environmental sciences` Our Earth is the only precious planet in this vast universe where diverse forms of living organism like plants, animals and microorganisms live. Environmental science is a multidisciplinary field that integrates physical, biological, and information sciences to study the environment and discover solutions to environmental challenges. The increasing concern over environmental degradation, climate change, and resource depletion underscores the urgency for a comprehensive understanding of how natural systems operate and how human activities impact these systems. This book, “Environmental Sciences,” is crafted to provide a broad and detailed exploration of the various dimensions of environmental science, aimed at students, educators, and environmental enthusiasts alike.
The primary objective of this book is to equip readers with the foundational knowledge necessary to comprehend the complex interactions within and between the Earth’s atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. By examining the structure and function of different ecosystems, the dynamics of pollution, and the principles of sustainable development, this book aims to foster an informed and proactive approach to environmental stewardship.
Competency Based Human Anatomy Volume II (Second Edition)
Authors: Kumar Dr. A. Prasanna Veera
Published: September 2024

The CBME curriculum which has started from 2019 MBBS batch requires changes in teaching undergraduate medical students from the traditional method to focus on outcome-based learning. As per the new CMBE curriculum the subject of anatomy has been delineated into competences. To cover all the competencies no single anatomy text book is available in the market. In this book an attempt has been made by the author to deal with all the competencies serial wise, to eliminate the confusion both for the students and teaching faculty while following the available text books. The book is presented in a style which is totally new to the subject of anatomy. Each competency is dealt briefly and up to the level of knowledge required for MBBS student giving details of its learning objective, its domain and the assessment method. Wherever the competency includes anatomical basis the same is given utmost importance, so that students do not suffer from the tedious work of searching for the required study material. All the competencies are dealt in such a manner that the student is at ease while studying the subject of Anatomy in the 1st phase of MBBS curriculum. The book is useful for MBBS students, and PG-NEET preparation and also the anatomy teaching faculty. The new second edition includes over 90 line diagrams and more than 850 multiple-choice questions, organized by region and chronologically according to the competencies of the CBME curriculum: Head and Neck (450) and Abdomen and Pelvis (400) these additions will be very helpful for MBBS students and for the NEXT Exam 2025.
3D printing: Changing the landscape of orthodontics
Authors: Rafiq Afaf Mohammed , Konda Prasad
Published: September 2024

This paper aims to elucidate how three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has greatly impacted orthodontic practice, marking a significant advancement in planning treatment, fabricating appliances, and patient care. The integration of digital technologies, such as digital cephalogram, digital photography, intraoral and facial scanners, desktop scanners, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and 3D printing, has significantly enhanced the efficiency, accuracy, consistency, and predictability of treatment outcomes. The advent of 3D printing in dental and orthodontic treatment has introduced a new era marked by precision, efficiency, and customised appliances, empowering practitioners to achieve superior results for their patients. Some of its applications in orthodontics include manufacturing clear aligner trays, surgical guides for miniscrew insertion and corticotomy, splints for orthognathic surgery, and retainers.
Psychological evaluation of self-esteem among individuals before and after orthodontic treatment
Authors: Suresh Harshitha , Premkumar Rajakumar , Kumar Vinoth , Umapathy Vivekanadhan
Published: September 2024

: Facial esthetics plays a pivotal role in orthodontics. Orthodontics can alter a patient’s appearance. Various factors related to malocclusion have strong influences on perceptions of facial esthetics

: The aim of the study is to assess the self-esteem of patients before and after orthodontic treatment.

: A questionnaire consisting of 10 multiple choice questions were given to 33 patients with moderate to severe malocclusion seeking orthodontic treatment and the subjects had to mark “strongly agree”, ”agree”, ”disagree”, strongly disagree” aged 19-25 years and statistical analysis(Chi-square test) was carried out.

: The results of the study showed improved self-esteem.

: Mal-alignment is contemplated not as a dental issue, but is also related to healthy living. The self-esteem of the patients was significantly improved after orthodontic treatment because a smile plays an important part in facial expressions.
Changes in the curvature of upper and lower lips following the first premolar extraction in Class I bimaxillary protrusion - A cephalometric study
Authors: Younus A Abrar , Chundawat Mahipal Singh , Sambhwani Jitesh , Anjum Salman , Felazin Merjeena
Published: September 2024

Bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion is a condition characterized by protrusion of the maxillary and mandibular incisors with increased procumbency of the lips. The treatment of choice for these patients is fixed orthodontic treatment after extraction of four first premolars. This treatment would result in the retraction of anterior teeth with a resultant decrease in soft tissue convexity. Objective of the study is to find out how the curvature of upper and lower lip change following fixed appliance therapy in patients with class I Bimaxillary protrusion following extraction of first premolars.

A total of 32 subjects, 13 males and 19 females in the age group of 13-21 years diagnosed with BMP were included in the study. Pre-treatment and post-treatment cephalograms were obtained from subjects satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Cephalometric landmarks, lines used in the study were marked and analysed. The soft tissue parameters were measured and compared using paired t test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient.

The overall effect of orthodontic correction of bimaxillary protrusion from subjects were analysed by evaluating the soft tissue changes between pre-treatment and post treatment cephalometric radiographs. There is a statistically significant difference with decrease in ULST, B`-PM line, B`-LiPog`, A`-PM line, LLIT, LLVT, Pog-Pog` and no statistically significant difference in A`-NtLs and ULVT. The results showed a reduction in lip procumbency.

Among the soft tissue parameter studied, there is a statistically significant decrease observed for ULST, B`-PM line, B`-LiPog`, A`-PM line, LLIT, LLVT and Pog-Pog`.