bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Age‐dependent increase of perineuronal nets in the human hippocampus and precocious aging in epilepsy
Authors: Lehner Annika , Hoffmann Lucas , Rampp Stefan , Coras Roland , Paulsen Friedrich , Frischknecht Renato , Hamer Hajo , Walther Katrin , Brandner Sebastian , Hofer Wiebke , Pieper Tom , Reisch Lea‐Marie , Bien Christian G. , Blumcke Ingmar
Published: June 2024

Objective

Perineuronal nets (PNN) are specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) components of the central nervous system, frequently accumulating at the surface of inhibitory GABAergic interneurons. While an altered distribution of PNN has been observed in neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia and epilepsy, their anatomical distribution also changes during physiological brain maturation and aging. Such an age‐dependent shift was experimentally associated also with hippocampal engram formation during brain maturation. Our aim was to histopathologically assess PNN in the hippocampus of adult and pediatric patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) compared to age‐matched post‐mortem control subjects and to compare PNN‐related changes with memory impairment observed in our patient cohort.

Methods

Sixty‐six formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded tissue specimens of the human hippocampus were retrieved from the European Epilepsy Brain Bank. Twenty‐nine patients had histopathologically confirmed hippocampal sclerosis (HS), and eleven patients suffered from TLE without HS. PNN were immunohistochemically visualized using an antibody directed against aggrecan and manually counted from hippocampus subfields and the subiculum.

Results

PNN density increased with age in both human controls and TLE patients. However, their density was significantly higher in all HS patients compared to age‐matched controls. Intriguingly, TLE patients presented presurgically with better memory when their hippocampal PNN density was higher (p < 0.05).

Significance

Our results were compatible with age‐dependent ECM specialization in the human hippocampus and its precocious aging in the epileptic condition. These observations confirm recent experimental animal models and also support the notion that PNN play a role in memory formation in the human brain.

Plain Language Summary

“Perineuronal nets” (PNN) are a specialized compartment of the extracellular matrix (ECM), especially surrounding highly active neurons of the mammalian brain. There is evidence that PNN play a role in memory formation, brain maturation, and in some pathologies like Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia or epilepsy. In this study, we investigated the role of PNN in patients suffering from drug‐resistant focal epilepsy compared to controls. We found that with increasing age, more neurons are surrounded by PNN. Similarly, all epilepsy patients but especially patients with better memory performance also had more PNN. This study raises further interest in studying ECM molecules in the human brain under physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
Effects of surface inoculation of biological soil crusts on laminar overland flow resistance
Authors: Di Stefano Costanza , Guida Gaetano , Nicosia Alessio , Palmeri Vincenzo , Pampalone Vincenzo , Ferro Vito
Published: June 2024

Notwithstanding the recognized influence of Biological Soil Crusts (BSCs) on surface roughness and its implication for hydrological processes, limited information is currently available on the effect of BSCs on overland flow resistance. The objective of this paper was to investigate the applicability of a theoretically deduced flow resistance equation, based on a power‐velocity profile, using the experimental data set by Jafarpoor et al. (2022) and Sadeghi et al. (2023) for bare soil, which is a control condition, and three inoculated soils (cyanobacteria, bacteria, cyanobacteria+bacteria). In particular, the available data set was used to calibrate the relationship between the velocity profile parameter Γ and the flow Froude number. The developed analysis allowed for stating that (a) the Darcy‐Weisbach friction factor can be accurately estimated using the proposed theoretical approach, and (b) the available measurements do not allow for detecting a trend with the soil treatment.
Enhancing precision targeting of ovarian cancer tumor cells in vivo through extracellular vesicle engineering
Authors: Alharbi Mona , Lai Andrew , Godbole Nihar , Guanzon Dominic , Nair Soumyalekshmi , Zuñiga Felipe , Quinn Alexander , Yang Mengliu , Wu Sherry Y. , Salomon Carlos
Published: June 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) function as natural mediators of intercellular communication, secreted by cells to facilitate cell–cell signaling. Due to their low toxicity, immunogenicity, biodegradability, and potential to encapsulate therapeutic drugs, EVs hold significant therapeutic promise. Nevertheless, their limited targeting ability often diminishes their therapeutic impact. Therefore, enhancing EVs by incorporating targeting units onto their membranes could bolster their targeting capabilities, enabling them to accumulate in specific cells and tissues. In this study, we engineered EVs to fuse ephrin‐B2 with the EV membrane protein LAMP2b. This modification aimed to direct the engineered EVs toward the ephrin‐B4 receptor expressed on the surface of ovarian cancer cells. The engineered EVs retained their inherent properties, including size, expression of EV membrane proteins, and morphology, upon isolation. In vitro experiments using real‐time imaging revealed that EVs engineered with the ephrin‐B2 ligand exhibited substantial internalization and uptake by ovarian cancer cells, in stark contrast to native EVs. In vivo, the engineered EVs carrying the ephrin‐B2 ligand effectively targeted ovarian cancer cells, surpassing the targeting efficiency of control EVs. This innovative approach establishes a novel targeting system, enhancing the uptake of EVs by ovarian cancer cells. Our findings underscore the potential of using EVs to target cancer cells, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of anti‐cancer therapies while minimizing off‐target effects and toxicity in normal cells and organs.
The relationship between strong‐ties weak‐ties rationality and COVID‐19 public stigma: A cross‐cultural study of Malaysia and Australia
Authors: Zay Hta May Kyi , Ting Rachel Sing‐Kiat , Jones Liz
Published: June 2024

We investigated the relationship between strong‐ties versus weak‐ties rationality and public stigma (PS) during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We also explored the cultural group differences (Malaysians vs. Australians) in this relationship. An online survey was conducted in 2021 with a final sample of 830 eligible Malaysians and 394 eligible Australians. Participants completed the multidimensional strong‐ties weak‐ties rationality Scale (STWTRS) and an adapted public stigma (PS) scale towards COVID‐19 patients. Through multiple regression analysis, we found that the strong‐ties rationality, ST‐Authoritarian rationality, was positively associated with PS‐Blame in both countries. However, the variable Country moderated the relationship between ST‐Communal and PS‐Rejection, with a negative association found in Malaysia and a positive association in Australia. The findings confirmed the strong‐ties weak‐ties rationality framework, where ST rationality, especially ST‐Authoritarian, could explain the cognitive mechanism behind negative attitudes towards those who pose threat towards the in‐group survival. However, ST‐Communal could buffer the rejection towards the COVID‐19 patients in Malaysia due to its emphasis on social harmony. This study can inform future interventions aimed at mitigating stigma and promoting a more inclusive and supportive society in times of crisis.
A cross‐country assessment of conspiracy beliefs, trust in institutions, and attitudes towards the Covid‐19 vaccination
Authors: de Holanda Coelho Gabriel Lins , Vilar Roosevelt , Wolf Lukas J. , Monteiro Renan P. , Hanel Paul H. P.
Published: June 2024

Conspiracy beliefs have spread during the Covid‐19 pandemic. It is important to understand them because of their potential to undermine trust in societal institutions and willingness to get vaccined. In the present research (N = 538), we assessed the links between conspiracy beliefs, trust in institutions (e.g., government, WHO), and attitudes towards the Covid‐19 vaccination across the USA, Brazil and the UK. A moderated mediation analysis revealed the crucial role of political leaders in linking conspiracy beliefs with vaccination attitudes. Trust in the president was positively associated with conspiracy beliefs in Brazil because of its conspiracist president at the time (Bolsonaro), which in turn was negatively associated with vaccination attitudes. In contrast, trust in political leaders at the time in the UK (Johnson) and the USA (Biden) was negatively associated with conspiracy beliefs. In conclusion, our findings contribute to understanding the underlying mechanisms that link conspiracy beliefs with trust and vaccination attitudes.
A systematic review of social‐validity assessments in the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis: 2010–2020
Authors: Leif Erin S. , Kelenc‐Gasior Nadine , Bloomfield Bradley S. , Furlonger Brett , Fox Russell A.
Published: June 2024

We conducted a systematic review of studies published in the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis between 2010 and 2020 to identify reports of social validity. A total of 160 studies (17.60%) published during this time included a measure of social validity. For each study, we extracted data on (a) the dimensions of social validity, (b) the methods used for collecting social‐validity data, (c) the respondents, and (d) when social‐validity data were collected. Most social‐validity assessments measured the acceptability of intervention procedures and outcomes, with fewer evaluating goals. The most common method for collecting social validity data was Likert‐type rating scales, followed by non‐Likert‐type questionnaires. In most studies, the direct recipients of the intervention provided feedback on social validity. Social‐validity assessment data were often collected at the conclusion of the study. We provide examples of social‐validity measurement methods, discuss their strengths and limitations, and provide recommendations for improving the future collection and reporting of social‐validity data.
N‐glycan signatures identified in the serum from biliary tract cancer patients: Association with clinical diagnosis and prognosis
Authors: Huang Chenjun , Qiu Zhiquan , Wang Mengmeng , Ji Jun , Xiao Xiao , Wang Ying , Xu Xuewen , Gao Zhiyuan , Gao Chunfang
Published: June 2024

Background

Changes in the expression of genes related to glycosyltransferases may lead to alterations in N‐glycan structure abundance, potentially acting as markers for diagnosis and prognosis in biliary tract cancer (BTC).

Methods

This study was divided into cross‐sectional and longitudinal approaches. The cross‐sectional study included 316 BTC and 301 non‐BTC. Propensity score matching was applied to adjust for sex and age differences between BTC and non‐BTC. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression identified independent risk factors for BTC and constructed the BTC‐G model. The ROC curve was used to validate the diagnostic performance of BTC‐G. Longitudinal follow‐up studies included postoperative (N = 50) and immunotherapy (N = 43) follow‐up cohorts. Cox regression analysis identified N‐glycan structures impacting BTC prognosis postoperative and immunotherapy, with further confirmation through Kaplan–Meier curves.

Results

Univariate and multivariate analyses identified Peak3 (OR: 0.790, 95% CI: 0.658–0.949), Peak9 (OR: 1.646, 95% CI: 1.409–1.922), and Peak9p (OR: 2.467, 95% CI: 1.267–4.804) as independent BTC risk factors, leading to the creation of the BTC‐G. The ROC curve confirmed that BTC‐G performed well in training (AUC: 0.753, 95% CI: 0.703–0.799), validation (AUC: 0.811, 95% CI: 0.740–0.870), and CA19‐9 negative cohorts (AUC: 0.717, 95% CI: 0.664–0.767). Cox regression analysis and Kaplan–Meier curves established that Peak12 (HR: 5.578, 95% CI: 1.145–27.170) and Peak11 (HR: 1.104, 95% CI: 0.611–1.994) are independent risk factors for BTC prognosis following surgery and immunotherapy, respectively.

Conclusions

Our NGFP technology supplements BTC diagnostics, distinguishing survival and recurrence subtypes for postoperative and immunotherapy, thereby supporting the development of treatment strategies.
MRI Reference Ranges for Fetal Cardiothoracic Ratio of Diameter, Area, and Circumference from 21 to 38 Weeks Gestational Age
Authors: Gao Duo , Feng Xuran , Cao Yimin , Yi Zexi , Han Xuefang , Yang Haiqing , Geng Zuojun , Zhou Lixia
Published: June 2024

Background

Whether fetal cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) is constant or increasing with gestational age (GA) is controversial. The majority of the fetal CTR data has been obtained through ultrasound.

Purpose

To retrospectively analyze CTR of diameter, area, and circumference on prenatal MR images in a low‐risk population of singleton pregnancies, and to clarify its diagnostic value.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Subjects

1024 low‐risk singleton pregnancies undergoing MRI.

Field Strength

Balanced steady state free precession sequence and single shot‐fast spin echo sequence at 1.5 Tesla.

Assessment

Pregnancy clinical data were recorded and diameter, area, and circumference of the fetal heart and thorax were measured by two researchers with 6 and 7 years of radiology experience, respectively, and their variation with GA was investigated. The relationship between CTRs with GA was also investigated. Finally, the value of CTR in the diagnosis of fetuses with abnormal development was explored by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Statistical Tests

Linear regression and ROC curves. A P value <0.05 was considered significant.

Results

There were significant positive linear correlations (R2 > 0.7, P < 0.0001) between the diameter, area, and circumference of the heart and thorax with GA. The CTRs remain constant values and do not change with GA. The 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles of the CTR in 21–38 weeks GA were 0.32, 0.39, and 0.48 respectively. The corresponding percentiles for the area ratio were 0.15, 0.21 and 0.27, respectively, and for the circumference ratio were 0.40, 0.46, and 0.52, respectively. Based on ROC curves of CTR with three methods, the area under curves (AUCs) were up to 0.95, the sensitivity and the specificity were more than 88%.

Data Conclusion

Reference ranges of fetal CTR were established using MRI, which remain constant. These may be helpful in making a definitive diagnosis in fetuses with abnormal development.

Level of Evidence

4.

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2.
Projection of future water availability in the Amu Darya Basin
Authors: Salehie Obaidullah , Jamal Mohamad Hidayat bin , Ismail Tarmizi bin , Harun Sobri Bin , Shahid Shamsuddin
Published: June 2024

Water scarcity is a major challenge facing many regions worldwide, especially arid and semi‐arid areas that are increasingly vulnerable to climate change. This study aimed to project water availability in the Amu Darya Basin (ADB) of Central Asia under four Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase Six (CMIP6) during two upcoming periods (2020–2059 and 2060–2099). The study used a robust machine learning approach, namely a Random Forest (RF) model, to simulate Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) Terrestrial Water Storage (TWS) data from precipitation and maximum and minimum temperatures (Tmax and Tmin). It then incorporated precipitation, Tmax and Tmin from four selected CMIP6 GCMs, into a water storage model to project spatiotemporal changes in water availability across the basin. The study also evaluated the relative impacts of land use and population on TWS. Results indicate an increase in TWS by approximately 4 cm in the basin's eastern, northwestern and southwestern regions in both future periods, while a decrease by approximately −4 cm in the remaining areas. These projections suggest that TWS will decline in densely populated regions and increase in certain intensively cultivated areas. The most pronounced increase in TWS is anticipated in the snow‐covered Tundra climate zone of the basin. This is attributed to the melting of glaciers, which contributes to runoff in the tributaries of the Amu River. The findings highlight the importance of considering climate change and socioeconomic factors when projecting water availability in arid and semi‐arid regions. The projected changes in TWS have important implications for water resources management in the ADB, particularly in densely populated and intensively cultivated areas.
The Exploration of the Holistic and Complex Impacts of Creative Dance on Creative Potential Enhancement
Authors: Richard Veronique , Brown Denver M. Y. , Garcías Silvia , Almarcha Maricarmen , Cairney John , Torrents Carlota
Published: June 2024

Interest in nurturing individuals' creative potential is rising. Yet, the potential benefits of incorporating creative embodied activities have been neglected in both applied and research settings. To address this gap, this study examined the effects of a Creative Dance program on university students' creative self‐efficacy, emotional creativity, tolerance to ambiguity, and ideation behaviors. A total of 143 undergraduate students participated, either in the Creative Dance intervention or a sport‐based control group for 15 weeks. A mixed‐method approach using questionnaires and focus groups was adopted. Linear mixed effects models showed that engaging in Creative Dance had a significant effect on ideational behaviors and tolerance to ambiguity. Specifically, students in the intervention condition improved their ideational behaviors and remained stable in their tolerance to ambiguity compared to student in the control condition who remained stable and regressed on those variables respectively. Focus group results highlighted the social effects of the intervention, which help to contextualize the quantitative findings. This study underscores the importance of integrating creative embodied activities to foster individuals' creative potential while highlighting the need to develop comprehensive assessment tools to capture the dynamic interplay between individuals and their environment throughout this process.
Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology recommendations on Merkel cell carcinoma surgical treatment
Authors: Lobo Matheus de Melo , Wainstein Alberto Julius Alves , Barros Aldo Vieira , Oliveira Alexandre Ferreira , Jafelicci Andrea Schiavinato , Molina Andre Sapata , Bertolli Eduardo , Riccardi Felice , Cavarsan Flavio , Belfort Francisco Aparecido , Teixeira Frederico Jose  Ribeiro , DeBiasi Gustavo Galvan , Ribeiro Heber Salvador de Castro , Almeida Herbert Ives Barretto , de Oliveira Jadivan Leite , Duprat Neto Joao Pedreira , Rebolho Juliano Camargo , Nunes Luiz Fernando , Junior Manoel Jesus Pinheiro Coelho , Brandao Miguel Angelo , Brandao Paulo Henrique Domingues Miranda , de Souza Rafael Oliveira , Vazquez Vinicius de Lima , Pinheiro Rodrigo Nascimento
Published: June 2024

Background

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare neuroendocrine skin cancer with poor 5‐year survival rates. Surgery and radiation are the current first‐line treatments for local and nodal disease.

Objectives

The Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology developed this document aiming to guide the surgical oncology role in multimodal MCC management.

Methods

The consensus was established in three rounds of online discussion, achieving consensus on specific topics including diagnosis, staging, treatment, and follow‐up.

Results

Patients suspected of having MCC should undergo immunohistochemical examination and preferably undergo pathology review by a dermatopathologist. Initial staging should be performed with dermatologic and nodal physical examination, combined with complementary imaging. Whole‐body imaging, preferably with positron emission tomography (PET) or computed tomography (CT) scans, are recommended. Due to the need for multidisciplinary approaches, we recommend that all cases should be discussed in tumor boards and referred to other specialties as soon as possible, reducing potential treatment delays. We recommend that all patients with clinical stage I or II may undergo local excision associated with sentinel lymph node biopsy. The decision on margin size should consider time to recovery, patient's comorbidities, and risk factors. Patients with positive sentinel lymph nodes or the presence of risk factors should undergo postoperative radiation therapy at the primary site. Exclusive radiation is a viable option for patients with low performance. Patients with positive sentinel lymph node biopsy should undergo nodal radiation therapy or lymphadenectomy. In patients with nodal clinical disease, in addition to primary tumor treatment, nodal radiation therapy and/or lymphadenectomy are recommended. Patients with advanced disease should preferably be enrolled in clinical trials and discussed in multidisciplinary meetings. The role of surgery and radiation therapy in the metastatic/advanced setting should be discussed individually and always in tumor boards.

Conclusion

This document aims to standardize a protocol for initial assessment and treatment for Merkel cell carcinoma, optimizing oncologic outcomes in middle‐income countries such as Brazil.
Kinetics of permanganate–sulfuric acid redox reaction with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide
Authors: Zaheer Zoya , Bawazir Wafa A. , Bahaidarah Effat A. , Abbas Shatha
Published: June 2024

The permanganate–H2SO4 redox reaction, useful in oxidative treatments under aqueous conditions, was studied spectrophotometrically in the absence and presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The decolorization reactions were influenced by the [MnO4−], [H2SO4], and temperature. Permanganate reduction follows first‐, and complex–order kinetics with permanganate, and H2SO4 concentrations, respectively. The reduction of permanganate (Mn(VII)) proceeds through a complex formation between MnO4− and H2SO4. The characteristic absorption peaks for MnO42− (λmax = 439 and 606 nm), MnO43− (λmax = 667 nm), and MnO2 (λmax = 400–418 nm) were not appeared during the redox reaction. The KMnO4 degradation efficiency remains unaffected with sodium pyrophosphate and sodium fluoride. The results of this study demonstrated the formation of Mn(II) as the stable product in acidic reaction media. The degradation efficiency increases drastically from 15 to 100% with 2.0 × 10−4 to 16.0 × 10−4 mol/L CTAB concentration under sub‐, and post‐micellar reaction conditions, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters (activation energy = 98.8 and 43.2 kJ/mol), activation of enthalpy (96.3, and 39.0 kJ/mol), activation of entropy (16.2 and −149.5 J/K/mol), free energy of activation (93.1 and 83.5 kJ/mol) were calculated without and with CTAB, respectively. Hence, CTAB can be exploited for its multifunctional applications, and specifically for the catalytic role in the permanganate‐assisted redox reactions in future.
Labile carbon content and nutrient availability determines microbial composition in topsoil and subsoil following land‐use change in subtropical China
Authors: Xiao Huacui , Sheng Hao , Zhang Liang , Liang Wandong , Wei Liang , Zhou Ping
Published: June 2024

Evaluating the impact of land‐use intensification on soil microbial communities is essential for recognizing the implications on microbiome stability and ecosystem function. The microbial biomass and enzyme activity in the topsoil have been found to decrease as a consequence of natural forest conversion; however, the impact of land‐use conversion on the microbes in subsoil remains largely unclear. Here, we examined the effect of primary forest conversion to plantations and cultivated lands on microbial communities at three sites with similar soil, climate, and landform. The forest conversion was set as the experimental treatment, and the primary forest as the control. A linear mixed‐effect model was applied to investigate the role of environmental parameters in shaping the soil microbial biomass and community determined by the phospholipid fatty acids analysis in both the topsoil (0–20 cm) and subsoil (20–40 cm). Compared to the primary forest, the total microbial biomass, β‐1,4‐N‐acetylglucosaminidase, leucine aminopeptidase, acid phosphatase activities, and labile organic C fraction contents in both topsoil and subsoil were reduced in cultivated lands. The ratios of gram‐positive bacteria to gram‐negative bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to saprotrophic fungi in subsoil decreased by 45%–53% and increased by 29%–151%, respectively, following the primary forest conversion to cultivated lands. The response ratio (the percentage of microbial and enzyme indicator response to the primary forest conversion) ranged from −80% to 140% depending on the soil depth, specific microbial group, and converted land‐use type. Microbial biomass and enzyme activity are primarily controlled by the labile organic C content and nutrients availability in both topsoil and subsoil. This study suggests that the primary forest conversion exerts an adverse effect on the microbial biomass, enzyme activity, and substrate availability in both topsoil and subsoil, highlighting the degradation of subsoil health in subtropical China.
Dynamic Transition from Branched Flow of Light to Beam Steering in Disordered Nematic Liquid Crystal
Authors: Yu Xiao , Chang Shan‐Shan , Wang Zi‐Ye , Liu Jiao , Tang Xing‐Zhou , Chen Jin‐Hui , Li Bing‐Xiang , Lu Yan‐Qing
Published: June 2024

Orientational ordered soft matter possessing diverse microstructures has become a focal point of scientific research and technological exploration, thanks to its advancements in serving as an indispensable optical platform enabling propagation of light with multidimensional and manipulatable states. Herein, a facile way is developed to manipulate the in‐plane light beam transition dynamics by harnessing a time‐variable nematic liquid crystal (NLC) film through the electrical‐field‐induced topological defects. The results show that the dynamic change of optical branched flow is associated with the growth in the correlation length of optical potential and the reduction in the density of topological defects. The optical branching can continuously transform to deterministic and tunable beam steering at the low‐defect‐density regime through annihilation kinetics of defects. The explored soft matter system provides an excellent planar platform for the fundamental physics of light interacting with topological defects and may offer new perspectives for novel optics elements toward the applications of soft matter photonics.
Construction of Zwitterionic Coatings with Lubricating and Antiadhesive Properties for Invisible Aligner Applications
Authors: Wei Rufang , Deng Junjie , Guo Xiangshu , Yang Yanyu , Miao Jiru , Liu Ashuang , Chai Haiyang , Huang Xinqi , Zhao Zhihe , Cen Xiao , Wang Rong
Published: June 2024

Invisible aligners have been widely used in orthodontic treatment but still present issues with plaque formation and oral mucosa abrasion, which can lead to complicated oral diseases. To address these issues, hydrophilic poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (polySBMA) coatings with lubricating, antifouling, and antiadhesive properties have been developed on the aligner materials (i.e., polyethylene terephthalate glycol, PETG) via a simple and feasible glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)‐assisted coating strategy. Poly(GMA‐co‐SBMA) is grafted onto the aminated PETG surface via the ring‐opening reaction of GMA (i.e., “grafting to” approach to obtain G‐co‐S coating), or a polySBMA layer is formed on the GMA‐grafted PETG surface via free radical polymerization (i.e., “grafting from” approach to obtain G‐g‐S coating). The G‐co‐S and G‐g‐S coatings significantly reduce the friction coefficient of PETG surface. Protein adsorption, bacterial adhesion, and biofilm formation on the G‐co‐S‐ and G‐g‐S‐coated surfaces are significantly inhibited. The performance of the coatings remains stable after storage in air or artificial saliva for 2 weeks. Both coatings demonstrate good biocompatibility in vitro and is not caused irritation to the oral mucosa of rats in vivo over 2 weeks. This study proposes a promising strategy for the development of invisible aligners with improved performance, which is beneficial for oral health treatment.
Root nodules of red alder (Alnus rubra) and Sitka alder (Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata) are inhabited by taxonomically diverse cultivable microbial endophytes
Authors: Dove Robyn , Wolfe Emily R. , Stewart Nathan U. , Coleman Abigail , Chavez Sara Herrejon , Ballhorn Daniel J.
Published: June 2024

The root nodules of actinorhizal plants are home to nitrogen‐fixing bacterial symbionts, known as Frankia, along with a small percentage of other microorganisms. These include fungal endophytes and non‐Frankia bacteria. The taxonomic and functional diversity of the microbial consortia within these root nodules is not well understood. In this study, we surveyed and analyzed the cultivable, non‐Frankia fungal and bacterial endophytes of root nodules from red and Sitka alder trees that grow together. We examined their taxonomic diversity, co‐occurrence, differences between hosts, and potential functional roles. For the first time, we are reporting numerous fungal endophytes of alder root nodules. These include Sporothrix guttuliformis, Fontanospora sp., Cadophora melinii, an unclassified Cadophora, Ilyonectria destructans, an unclassified Gibberella, Nectria ramulariae, an unclassified Trichoderma, Mycosphaerella tassiana, an unclassified Talaromyces, Coniochaeta sp., and Sistotrema brinkmanii. We are also reporting several bacterial genera for the first time: Collimonas, Psychrobacillus, and Phyllobacterium. Additionally, we are reporting the genus Serratia for the second time, with the first report having been recently published in 2023. Pseudomonas was the most frequently isolated bacterial genus and was found to co‐inhabit individual nodules with both fungi and bacteria. We found that the communities of fungal endophytes differed by host species, while the communities of bacterial endophytes did not.
Impact of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Markers on the Diagnostic Performance of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Multiple System Atrophy Criteria
Authors: Wilkens Ida , Heine Johanne , Ruf Viktoria C. , Compta Yaroslau , Porcel Laura Molina , Troakes Claire , Vamanu Albert , Downes Sophia , Irwin David , Cohen Jesse , Lee Edward B. , Nilsson Christer , Englund Elisabet , Nemati Mojtaba , Katzdobler Sabrina , Levin Johannes , Pantelyat Alex , Seemiller Joseph , Berger Stephen , van Swieten John , Dopper Elise , Rozenmuller Annemieke , Kovacs Gabor G. , Bendahan Nathaniel , Lang Anthony E. , Herms Jochen , Höglinger Günter , Hopfner Franziska
Published: June 2024

Background

Multiple system atrophy is a neurodegenerative disease with α‐synuclein aggregation in glial cytoplasmic inclusions, leading to dysautonomia, parkinsonism, and cerebellar ataxia.

Objective

The aim of this study was to validate the accuracy of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Multiple System Atrophy clinical diagnostic criteria, particularly considering the impact of the newly introduced brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers.

Methods

Diagnostic accuracy of the clinical diagnostic criteria for multiple system atrophy was estimated retrospectively in autopsy‐confirmed patients with multiple system atrophy, Parkinson's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, and corticobasal degeneration.

Results

We identified a total of 240 patients. Sensitivity of the clinically probable criteria was moderate at symptom onset but improved with disease duration (year 1: 9%, year 3: 39%, final ante mortem record: 77%), whereas their specificity remained consistently high (99%–100% throughout). Sensitivity of the clinically established criteria was low during the first 3 years (1%–9%), with mild improvement at the final ante mortem record (22%), whereas specificity remained high (99%–100% throughout). When MRI features were excluded from the clinically established criteria, their sensitivity increased considerably (year 1: 3%, year 3: 22%, final ante mortem record: 48%), and their specificity was not compromised (99%–100% throughout).

Conclusions

The International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society multiple system atrophy diagnostic criteria showed consistently high specificity and low to moderate sensitivity throughout the disease course. The MRI markers for the clinically established criteria reduced their sensitivity without improving specificity. Combining clinically probable and clinically established criteria, but disregarding MRI features, yielded the best sensitivity with excellent specificity and may be most appropriate to select patients for therapeutic trials. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Integrated unified phase‐field modeling (UPFM)
Authors: Zhao Yuhong
Published: June 2024

For a long time, the phase‐field method has been considered a mesoscale phenomenological method that lacks physical accuracy and is unable to be closely linked to the mechanical or functional properties of materials. Some misunderstandings existing in these viewpoints need to be clarified. Therefore, it is necessary to propose or adopt the perspective of “unified phase‐field modeling (UPFM)” to address these issues, which means that phase‐field modeling has multiple unified characteristics. Specifically, the phase‐field method is the perfect unity of thermodynamics and kinetics, the unity of multi‐scale models from micro‐ to meso and then to macro, the unity of internal or/and external driving energy with order parameters as field variables, the unity of multiple physical fields, and thus the unity of material composition design, process optimization, microstructure control, and performance prediction. It is precisely because the phase‐field approach has these unified characteristics that, after more than 40 years of development, it has been increasingly widely applied in materials science and engineering.
Twist sensor based on fiber Bragg grating fiber laser frequency splitting effect
Authors: Lu Peng , jing Genqiang , Luo Zhu , Wang Yiwu
Published: June 2024

A twist sensor based on the frequency splitting effect of fiber Bragg grating laser is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Laser longitudinal mode was split into two frequencies under the action of birefringence induced by fiber twist and by monitoring the periodical beat frequency response, the twist angle could be deduced. The experimental results show that the relationship between the fiber twist angle and the beat frequency is linear (linearity is more than 99%) when the twist angle is in the range of 10°–55°. Moreover, the wavelength drift caused by the temperature does not affect this linearity. Since the sensor is based on frequency rather than on the wavelength, its sensitivity is not limited to the resolution of the spectrometer, and has been improved to 31.59 MHz/rad (0.55 M/degree).
Three‐magnet‐ring quasi‐zero stiffness isolator for low‐frequency vibration isolation
Authors: Wang Shang , Hou Lei , Meng Qingye , Cui Gengshuo , Wang Xiaodong
Published: June 2024

A three‐magnet‐ring quasi‐zero stiffness (QZS‐TMR) isolator is designed to solve the problem of low‐frequency vibration isolation in the vertical direction of precision equipment. QZS‐TMR has both positive and negative stiffness structures. The positive stiffness structure consists of two mutually repelling magnetic rings and the negative stiffness structure consists of two magnetic rings nested within each other. By modulating the relative distance between positive and negative stiffness structures, the isolator can have QZS characteristics. Compared with other QZS isolators, the QZS‐TMR is compact and easy to manufacture. In addition, the working load of QZS‐TMR can be flexibly adjusted by varying the radial widths of the inner magnetic ring. In this paper, the static analysis of QZS‐TMR is carried out to guide the design, and the low‐frequency vibration isolation performance is studied. In addition, the experimental prototype of QZS‐TMR is designed and manufactured. The static and vibration isolation experiments are carried out on the prototype. The results show that the initial vibration isolation frequency of the experimental prototype is about 4 Hz. The results show an excellent low‐frequency vibration isolation effect, which is consistent with the theoretical research. This paper introduces a new approach to the design of the QZS isolator.
Constrictive versus compressive bladder outflow obstruction in men: Does it matter?
Authors: van Dort Wouter , Rosier Peter F. W. M. , van Steenbergen Thomas R. F. , Geurts Bernard J. , de Kort Laetitia M. O.
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Bladder outflow obstruction (BOO) is a urethral resistance (UR) at a level above a clinically relevant threshold. UR is currently graded in terms of the existence and severity of the BOO based on maximum flowrate and associated detrusor pressure only. However, the pressure‐flow relation throughout the course of voiding includes additional information that may be relevant to identify the type of BOO. This study introduces a new method for the distinction between the provisionally called compressive and constrictive types of BOO and relates this classification to underlying patient and urodynamic differences between those BOO types.

Methods

In total, 593 high‐quality urodynamic pressure‐flow studies in men were included in this study. Constrictive BOO was identified if the difference Δp between the actual minimal urethral opening pressure (pmuo) and the expected pmuo according to the linearized passive urethral resistance relation (linPURR) nomogram was >25 cmH2O. Compressive BOO is identified in the complementary case where the pressure difference Δp ≤ 25 cmH2O. Differences in urodynamic parameters, patient age, and prostate size were explored.

Results

In 81 (13.7%) of the cases, constrictive BOO was found. In these patients, the prostate size was significantly smaller when compared to patients diagnosed with compressive BOO, while displaying a significantly lower maximum flowrate, higher detrusor pressure at maximal flowrate and more postvoid residual (PVR).

Conclusion

This study is an initial step in the validation of additional subtyping of BOO. We found significant differences in prostate size, severity of BOO, and PVR, between patients with compressive and constrictive BOO. Subtyping of voiding‐outflow dynamics may lead to more individualized management in patients with BOO.
Elastic sac to support oral feeding performance of preterm infants: Crossover randomized controlled study
Authors: Genç Canan , Gözen Duygu , Narter Fatma
Published: June 2024

Background

Swaddling is recommended for preterm infants during feeding. Swaddling preterm infants with elastic cotton materials allows infants to easily stretch and move their extremities. This study aimed to assess the effect of bottlefeeding in a novel “elastic sac” on physiological parameters and feeding performance of preterm infants.

Methods

A randomized controlled, crossover trial was conducted with total of 26 preterm infants at 26–36+6 weeks of gestation. Infants randomly assigned to group 1 (n = 13) were bottlefed in an elastic sac (researcher‐designed single‐piece pouch made of soft, elastic cotton) for the first feeding and in normal clothes for the next feeding. Infants randomly assigned to group 2 (n = 13) were fed first in normal clothes and then in the elastic sac. The physiological parameters and feeding performance of the infants were assessed during each feeding.

Results

Preterm infants fed in the elastic sac had lower heart rate and higher oxygen saturation during and after feeding than infants fed in normal clothes (P < 0.05). Although all values were within clinically normal ranges, the findings suggest that feeding preterm infants in the elastic sac had a favorable effect on physiological parameters compared with feeding in normal clothes. There was no significant difference in the infants' feeding performance (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

A semielevated right lateral position and flexed body posture are recommended while feeding preterm infants, which can be easily maintained using the elastic sac. Feeding preterm infants in an elastic sac may support physiologic stability during oral feeding.
The Global Malnutrition Composite Score: Impacting malnutrition care
Authors: Coltman Anne , Ojeda Tamaire , Ashafa Michelle , Pertel Donna , McCauley Sharon
Published: June 2024

The presence and impact of malnutrition in adult hospitalized patients has been well documented by a significant body of literature. However, current malnutrition care practices often vary widely and frequently lack standardization. The Global Malnutrition Composite Score (GMCS), the first nutrition‐related electronic clinical quality measure, is intended to evaluate the quality of malnutrition care provided to inpatient adults. This measure aims to aid in standardizing malnutrition care through performance measurement. The four components of the measure (nutrition screening, nutrition assessment, malnutrition diagnosis, and nutrition care plans) follow the well‐established Nutrition Care Process and encourage the use of standardized terminology. Facilities with high‐performance scores on the GMCS are likely to experience improved outcomes associated with high‐quality malnutrition care.
A preliminary study of collaborative group intervention with recovered peer supporters for eating disorders: Analyses including comparisons between in‐person and online sessions
Authors: Mochizuki Yosuke , Isobe Tomoyo , Endo Yuna , Iio Aina , Takebayashi Kiyokazu , Yamasue Hidenori
Published: June 2024

Aims

This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of a single‐session group intervention for individuals with an eating disorder that involved collaborations between peer supporters, who had recovered from an eating disorder, and psychological professionals. We also compared intervention effects between in‐person and online settings.

Methods

Participants with an eating disorder were recruited through online platforms and public promotional materials. The inclusion criteria involved individuals who had current eating disorders and were willing to openly share their experiences during the session in which the Reflecting Team method was applied.

Results

The analysis included 103 participants (75 in‐person and 28 online). We found significant time‐based effects (F(1, 101) = 70.390, p < 0.001, ηG2 = 0.083), which indicated that participants experienced reductions in feelings of isolation, hopelessness associated with their eating disorder, and belief in the incurability of their disorder following the group interventions. No significant differences were observed between in‐person or remote sessions (F(1, 101) = 0.087, p = 0.768, ηG2 = 0.001).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that peer supporters serve as a source of hope for individuals with eating disorders, even within group settings. Furthermore, the similar outcomes across in‐person and online sessions show the promise of remote group sessions as a novel means of support for individuals with eating disorders, regardless of their geographical location. However, future randomized controlled trials of continuous group therapy sessions are essential to confirm their effectiveness.
Molecular dynamics of poly(ε‐caprolactone)/beidellite organoclay bionanocomposites obtained by in‐situ polymerization highlighted by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy
Authors: Ezzeddine Imene , Ilsouk Mohamed , Arous Mourad , Atlas Salima , Lahcini Mohammed , Raihane Mustapha
Published: June 2024

Nanocomposites of poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) reinforced by an organomodified beidellite (BDT) with 3% of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) (labeled PCL/3CTA‐BDT) were prepared by varying the content of filler (1, 2, 3, and 5 wt%). Their molecular dynamics were investigated by broadband dielectric spectroscopy at temperatures ranging from 0 to 40°C and a frequency window from 10−1 to 106 Hz. Three relaxation processes were detected for unfilled PCL: electrode polarization (EP), the Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars (MWS) polarization, and the α‐relaxation. The incorporation of the filler induced the emergence of a fourth process at high frequency of dipolar origin labeled as interfacial polarization (IP). Fitting the data with the Havriliak–Negami model as well as a study of the relaxation time variation with temperature demonstrated the noncooperative nature of the IP process. Activation energy and dielectric strength values demonstrated that the PCL/3CTA‐BDT with 3 wt% of filler showed a higher quality of dispersion and better interfacial features compared to those with other filler contents (2 and 5 wt%). This work highlights the challenges of dielectric green nanocomposites used for capacitors (storage energy) and cable/wire insulation.

Highlights

The various samples were analyzed using broadband dielectric spectroscopy.

Relaxation processes in pure matrix: EP, MWS, and α‐relaxation.

Incorporation of the filler induced the emergence of interfacial polarization (IP).

Noncooperative behavior of the IP process.

3 wt% loading showed a higher quality of dispersion and interfacial features.
Synthesis of chain‐end functionalized highly branched polyethylene waxes using sterically open α‐diimine Ni(II) catalysts
Authors: Chen Jianhai , Lu Zhou , Dai Shengyu
Published: June 2024

Our previous research showed that bis(benzocyclopentyl) α‐diimine Pd(II) complexes can facilitate chain transfer and polar monomer insertion in ethylene (co)polymerization. In this study, we synthesized two bis(benzocyclopentyl) α‐diimine Ni(II) complexes with different backbones. The Ni(II) complexes exhibited high activities (0.63–7.23 × 106 g·mol−1 h−1) and produced low molecular weight (2.7–7.8 kg mol−1) polyethylene waxes with high branching densities (43–86/1000 C) in ethylene polymerization. The use of a catalyst with a butyl backbone resulted in polyethylene waxes with significantly higher molecular weights. The axial substituent restriction strategy employed in the nickel catalyst allows for a sterically open structure, reducing the molecular weight of the resulting polyethylene by over two orders of magnitude, compared to ethyl catalysts without axial restrictions. This enables the production of polyethylene wax grade products with improved properties. The branched polyethylene wax chain ends were found to be aryl‐functionalized according to NMR characterization analysis, while the double bonds were absent. Also, the choice of solvent affects the branching, molecular weight, and chain end composition of the polyethylene wax.