bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reflection Coefficient Calculation of a Structure Including a Porous Silicon Layer with Transfer Matrix Method and FDTD
Authors: DUMAN Çağlar
Published: February 2023

Porous silicon is an important material for a variety of application area such as anti-reflective coating for solar cells. Today, solar cell market is mostly dominated by silicon based solar cells. Porous silicon thin films are easy to fabricate and it is compatible with silicon technology. Designing porous silicon anti-reflective coating layers is a critical issue to enhance silicon based solar cell performance. There are several methods to calculate reflection coefficient of porous silicon thin layers. In this study, transfer matrix method and finite-difference time-domain method are used to calculate reflection coefficient of porous silicon thin layers. Because finite-difference time-domain method gives more accurate results, the results obtained with finite-difference time-domain method are used to control the results obtained with transfer matrix method. In transfer matrix method, refractive indices of the porous silicon layers are calculated with Bruggeman effective medium approximation.
Expectativas y creencias del alumnado rural sobre su futuro profesional y académico
Authors: Lorenzo Lacruz Juan , Domingo Cebrián Virginia , Tomé Fernández María
Published: February 2023

RESUMENActualmente las escuelas rurales están siendo modelos alternativos de enseñanza en muchos puntos de España. Estas escuelas presentan ventajas educativas que no tienen las escuelas urbanas. ¿Pero qué opinan los alumnos de estas escuelas sobre su futuro académico y profesional? A pesar de que las investigaciones en este tema son escasas, en este estudio se pretenden conocer las expectativas y creencias del alumnado rural en cuanto a su futuro profesional y académico. Para ello, a través de un muestreo no probabilístico se seleccionó a 270 estudiantes correspondientes a escuelas rurales de Aragón, Cataluña y Andalucía. Para evaluar el objetivo planteado se elaboró un cuestionario ad hoc. Los resultados obtenidos se analizaron mediante el software estadístico SPSS en su versión 17. Entre estos resultados se encuentra que el 57, 8% de los estudiantes evaluados considera que tendrán éxito en su futuro académico y a más del 50% le gustaría trabajar en un empleo perteneciente al sector servicios. Por último, entre las conclusiones más relevantes se halla que el número de habitantes de los pueblos en donde los alumnos viven influye en la creencia que los estudiantes tienen de ellos mismos y en el trabajo que creen que desempeñarán.Palabras Clave: Escuela rural, creencias, expectativas, estudiantes rurales, pueblos españoles.ABSTRACTNowadays, many Spanish rural schools have become alternative teaching models. These schools have several advantages over urban schools. Our interest lies in the opinions of the rural students on their academic and professional future. Thus, we intend to know their expectations and beliefs through a probabilistic sampling over 270 students of rural schools of several Spanish regions (Aragon, Cataluña and Andalucia). For that purpose we designed a questionnaire and the results were analyzed with SPSS statistic software. Among the results we came across that 57,8% of the students think they will be successful in their academic future and more than 50% would like to work in a profession related to tertiary sector. Finally, we found that there is a straight relationship between the population of the villages and the beliefs and expectations the students have of themselves.Keywords: Rural school, students’ beliefs, expectations, students, Spanish villages.
Functional Outcome of Preoperative Exercises on Range of Movements Following TKA: A Prospective Comparative Study
Authors: Pavith Janardhan T. , Pothuri Rishi Ram , Praveen Narayan , Surya Sri Karun Chintapalli
Published: February 2023

Background. The range of motion prior to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a key determinant of the postoperative range of motion. The chance that the accompanying stiffness of the extensor mechanism may lead to limited flexion following surgery increases with how restricted the preoperative range of motion was. It would make sense to enhance knee ROM before surgery in order to optimize flexion following TKA. Final flexion following TKA is affected by a number of factors, although preoperative range of motion is the most important. The aim of the study to evaluate the functional performance and efficacy of the preoperative exercise programme on the osteoarthritic knee during the exercise period, following arthroplasty, during immediate postoperative recovery, and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. Methods. For the study, 156 patients with knee arthritis were collected over a period of one and a half years. In this prospective study, they were divided into a treatment group and a control group. Preoperative knee exercise was given to 78 patients for at least one month. Prior to and following the treatment groups workouts, all patients were observed. The time in days before reaching 90 of knee flexion and the length of the hospital stay were the data that were gathered. At 4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year, each subject had their knee ROM and KSS reevaluated. Results. Knee workouts were unquestionably helpful in achieving early knee flexion up to 90 in comparison to that of the control group. When the treatment group was compared to the control group, knee flexion to about 90 and more was attained in about 4 weeks; this difference was statistically significant (p0.01). However, there were no appreciable variations in the knee range of motion achieved on long-term follow-up for 6 months and a year. Conclusion. In conclusion, prehabilitation significantly improves the KSS for the treatment group both before surgery and three months after surgery. Exercises done before to surgery help patients recover more quickly from TKA and may speed up the process of achieving a good flexion and extension range of motion. However there is no significant difference in functional outcome after one year post surgery in both groups.
Epidemiological factors and clinical profile of meconium aspiration syndrome in newborns admitted in rural tertiary centre
Authors: V. R. Gokul Ganesh , Mullainathan Sucindar , Sivaprakasam Chidambaranathan
Published: February 2023

Background: Meconium aspiration syndrome is a severe life-threatening illness in the neonate and is a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. MSAF is reported around 10 to 20% of live births in which MAS seen around 5-10%. Various maternal and neonatal factors have been found associated with MAS which lead to several complications in the neonates and succumb to the disease.
Methods: The present study is a observational study was done on 59 babies admitted in NICU of Government medical college, Chidambaram for a period of 1 year and 2 months who fulfilled the clinical criteria for diagnosing MAS. Babies born with MSAF were resuscitated as per NRP guidelines and observed for their immediate outcome.
Results: Out of 460 MSAF babies, 59 developed MAS with incidence of (12.8%). MAS was common with thick meconium (55.9%) compared to thin with male preponderance (54.2%) and Primi gravida (74.6%). MAS occurred more in babies having fetal distress and antenatal risk factors like PIH, PROM, and anaemia. MAS was common in babies born through normal vaginal delivery and in term gestation of 37-40weeks with mean birth weight of 2860±394. 1minute APGAR score less than 7 in (57.6%) MAS babies and most common complications were PPHN, seizures and pneumothorax. Mortality in MAS was around (13.5%) with most common cause was hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.
Conclusion: Babies with MAS requires proper diagnosis and careful decisions are made about the timely intervention which reduces morbidity and mortality.
The effect of tranexamic acid on blood loss after vaginal delivery and caesarian section
Authors: Tiwari Nisha , Kumari Nisha , Maurya Divya
Published: February 2023

PPH is most common cause of maternal death, contributing to approximately 35% of maternal death all over the world. WHO (2017) recommended that tranexamic acid should be considered as a standard comprehensive PPH treatment package and must be used in all cases of PPH regardless of the cause of PPH.

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of intravenous Tranexamic acid (TA) for reduction of postpartum blood loss after vaginal delivery and LSCS and to record any adverse effects following its administration.

This study was conducted as a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial on females at high risk of PPH and delivered vaginally or via LSCS at our Institute. All the participants were randomly categorized into two groups study group (tranexamic acid) and control group. The two groups were compared with respect to efficacy (amount of blood loss and incidence of PPH) and safety (vitals and side effects).

Mean blood loss from the delivery of placenta to the end of delivery and from end of delivery to 2 hours postpartum was significantly lower in study group as compared to control group (p<0.05). Incidence of PPH was significantly higher in control group (p<0.05). There was no statistically difference in the vital at the time of delivery between two groups (p>0.05). Most common side effect due to tranexamic acid in study group was nausea (16%) followed by vomiting and diarrhea in 9% and 1% respectively.

Tranexamic acid is an effective drug that can be used safely for prophylactic management of PPH regardless of its cause. This antifibrinolytic agent significantly reduce blood loss and incidence of PPH irrespective of type of delivery. Though, the drug is associated with minor side effects such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, it was not associated with major complications, thromboembolic phenomenon and maternal or perinatal morbidity and mortality.
Effect of intrauterine instillation of autologous platelet-rich plasma on endometrial thickness and pregnancy outcome
Authors: Desai Freya , Desai Kokila , Sharma Hariom , Bambhaniya Hitesh , Sharma Shreyansh
Published: February 2023

Every year numerous females are detected infertile as infertility becomes a major problem in reproductive lives, worldwide. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of intrauterine infusion of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in infertile women undergoing frozen embryo transfer cycles with suboptimal endometrium.

A total of 61 women between 22 to 40 years of age were included in the study. Based on hysteroscopy findings they were divided into group A (Normal hysteroscopy findings) and group B (Abnormal hysteroscopy findings). Intrauterine instillation of autologous PRP was done in women having an endometrial thickness of ≤7 even after giving Estradiol valerate therapy. After 48 and 72 hours of PRP infusion, an increase in EMT was evaluated. Embryo transfer was performed when the endometrium reached an optimal pattern in terms of thickness, appearance, and vascularity.

EMT increased significantly (p 0.05) in Group B compared to Group A. Between both groups, there were no apparent changes in CPR, IR, or LBR (p 0.001). Overall, clinical pregnancy and LBR increased respectively.

Autologous platelet-rich plasma increases endometrial thickness and success rate in pregnancy after PRP administration in patients with low EMT undergoing IVF treatment and patients having two or more previous IVF failures.
A longitudinal cross-sectional study on awareness of contraception
Authors: Thakur Srishti , Mohi Manjit Kaur , Pathak Nayana , Sandhu Kandy
Published: February 2023

Contraception is a method or a way to stop or prevent pregnancy. Since from ancient times birth control has its prevalence but the safest and most efficient methods of contraception was only introduced in 20th century. An ideal contraceptive is considered when it is user-friendly, effective and reversible with less or zero side effects and lesser adverse complications and more importantly one which is easily available. There are wide range of contraception or birth control methods currently available which includes traditional methods, barriers, oral contraceptives pills (OCP), implants, Intra Uterine Devices (IUDs) and Surgical methods along with injectable. The United States Center for Disease Control and Prevention jointly with World Health Organization has provided with guidelines on the safety of contraception for women with specific medical condition. According to another report documented by World Health organization, which stated that most effective and safest methods of contraception is sterilization by means of vasectomy in males and in cases of females by means of tubal linguation, intra uterine devices and implantable birth control. This data of safest birth control method also includes vaginal rings, oral pills, patches and injections. World Health Organization Department of Reproductive Health and Research has also stated that less effective methods includes physical barriers & spermicide and the least effective methods of contraception is traditional or natural method.

A longitudinal cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Gyan Sagar Medical College and Hospital in Punjab, India. Ethical approval was taken from the committee before commencing of this study.

To determine the prevalence of awareness of Contraception and to determine the most commonly used contraceptive method among subjects.

We hereby conclude our longitudinal cross-sectional study by indicating the fact that prevalence of awareness of contraception is higher in urban and educated classes of our society. We thereby wanted to spread one message through our study so that special initiative on birth control method should be mandated by Government in various medical colleges and hospitals in India to create awareness in rural sections and interior villages, social awareness of safe sexual practice could be spread each and every section of our country because contraception does not only prevent pregnancy it also protects the mankind and save one’s life from HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. As is always quoted correctly that “Prevention is better than cure”.
Clinicopathological evaluation of patients with postmenopausal bleeding in a tertiary care center
Authors: Hemalatha S V  , Thenmozhi G , Manickadevi M. S.
Published: February 2023

Postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) is frequent finding in 5-10% of women in gynaecology clinic. About 10% of these patients have primary or secondary malignancy. PMB requires complete assessment to ensure the absence of malignancy and to identify and treat high risk patients such as those with endometrial hyperplasia.

The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical significance and endometrial pathology in patients with PMB.

A retrospective study on postmenopausal women visiting a tertiary care center between 2016 January to 2017 December was taken up for study. About 80 patients with PMB were selected and these patients were evaluated by pelvic USG, Endometrial biopsy and Endometrial histopathology.

Maximum patients with PMB belonged to age group of 46-50 years (31.25%). 57.5% were multiparous (parity>2). About 53.75% had PMB 1 to 5 years after menopause. Endometrial thickness (ET) was > 4mm in 86.25%. Majority had ET between 5-10mm (58.75%).

Histopathological analysis of endometrial curettings showed Proliferative phase in 35%, disordered proliferative phase in 17.5%, Atrophic Endometrium in 13.75% and endometrial carcinoma in 11.25%.

Postmenopausal bleeding is an important symptom which requires evaluation to eliminate possibility of malignancy. Transvaginal sonography (TVS) is the first mode of investigation for PMB but Histopathology of Endometrium serves as gold standard for definitive diagnosis.
Leucoerythroblastosis in pregnancy: Can it be sickle cell disease? - A rare case report
Authors: Gupta Richa , Sharma Pooja , Kotru Mrinalini
Published: February 2023

Sickle cell disease is the most common inherited hemoglobinopathy associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. It is often diagnosed at an early age. Presentation for the first time in pregnancy as leucoerythroblastosis is rare. Diagnosis requires a strong suspicion with the demonstration of hemoglobin S in blood.
Second successful pregnancy following liver transplantation
Authors: Palanivelu Latha Mageswari , Patel Vaibhav
Published: February 2023

Liver transplantation for end stage liver disease, offers the recipient a near normal life, including pregnancies for women. Successful pregnancies have been reported, but successful second pregnancies are rare. We present our patient with a second successful pregnancy following her liver transplantation. A 22-year-old living donor liver transplant (LT) recipient was enrolled in our unit for antenatal care of her second pregnancy. Her native liver had failed due to autoimmune hepatitis. She had her first planned pregnancy at 19 months post-transplant. The second pregnancy was a spontaneous conception a year later. The obstetric parameters were normal, but she developed signs of suspected graft rejection and hence an emergency cesarean section was done. A preterm baby was delivered with a good APGAR score. The baby was treated in neonatal intensive unit for four days. The mother recovered well and the liver parameters normalized on the sixth postoperative day. Liver transplantation restores fertility in transplant recipients. Pregnancy, the liver graft and the associated medications have a complex interplay. Post LT pregnancy outcome can be optimized with a multidisciplinary approach. Better understanding and close monitoring is essential for a successful outcome.
Decidual casts: Dilemma for clinicians, relief for patients – A case series
Authors: Sinha Dipanjan , Siddiqui Bushra , Fazal Nuzra , Faridi Shahbaz Habib , Talha Mohd
Published: February 2023

Decidua is endometrium that is hormonally prepared for pregnancy. Decidual cast is the entire sloughed endometrium that takes the form of the endometrial cavity. It is a rare entity which is the result of high progesterone on uterine endometrium. It has association with intrauterine pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, incomplete abortion and in non-pregnant states with the use of hormonal pills etc. We are here presenting a case series of decidual casts. We observed that all our patients had a similar history of recent intake of hormonal contraceptives followed by bleeding and passage of fleshy mass from vagina. The differential diagnosis of passage of mass per vaginum includes conditions ranging from benign to malignant, therefore, our study emphasizes the importance of considering it in mind, since it mimics malignancy but is not a signal of a serious condition.
COVID-19 y Errores innatos de la inmunidad, enfermedades autoinmunes e inmunosupresión
Authors: Lugo Reyes Saul Oswaldo , Medina Torres Edgar Alejandro , Espinosa-Padilla Sara Elva
Published: February 2023

La pandemia de COVID-19 llegó a cinco olas en tres años con más de 6.5 millones de muertes en todo el mundo. Conocer la susceptibilidad diferencial al nuevo betacoronavirus ha permitido comprender mejor la fisiopatología y sus complicaciones inflamatorias, así como disecar la respuesta inmunitaria. En este proceso, destaca el papel de linfocitos T CD8+ y NK, así como sensores virales, interferones tipo 1, inflamación exagerada a cargo de NLRP3 y tormenta de citocinas IL-6 e IL-18. La secuenciación de todo el exoma ha permitido identificar varios genes con variantes germinales patogénicas en pacientes con COVID-19 grave; dichos genes explicarían alrededor del 5% de los casos graves. Además, hasta el 20% de adultos hospitalizados albergan autoanticuerpos contra interferones. Estos hallazgos traducen nuevas etiologías genéticas y los autoanticuerpos explican el peor pronóstico en ancianos, asociado al fenómeno inflammaging. En general, a los pacientes con inmunodeficiencias que adquirieron la COVID-19 no les fue peor, con una supervivencia global mayor al 80% y un predominio de cuadros leves. La excepción fueron pacientes con inmunodeficiencia combinada grave o con síndrome poliglandular autoinmune 1, estos últimos porque desarrollan autoanticuerpos contra interferón. En pacientes con enfermedades autoinmunes o trastornos autoinflamatorios tampoco se ha reportado mayor gravedad. Sin embargo, aquéllos que reciben inmunosupresores suelen tener un cuadro prolongado. Los pacientes con ganancia de función de NLRP3 y STAT1 pueden ser especialmente susceptibles a complicaciones inflamatorias sistémicas. En esta revisión documental resumimos la experiencia global en la atención de pacientes con alteraciones inmunitarias que se infectaron por SARS-CoV-2.
Cliticização do item -mente no português do século XVIII
Authors: Duchowny Alexia Teles , Couto da Costa Júlia Maria
Published: February 2023

O item -mente, do lat. mens, mentis ‘espírito, alma’, participa da formação de advérbios na grande maioria das línguas românicas. No português setecentista escrito no Brasil, apresenta-se ligado graficamente ao substantivo anterior a ele sob três formas: com um espaço em branco, com um hífen ou sem espaço algum. Assim, testa-se a hipótese de que esse item estaria com sua clitização finalizada já no século XVIII, utilizando-se como corpus estatutos e compromissos de irmandades e termos de devassa do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Para tal, é preciso utilizarse do arcabaouço teórico-metodológico não apenas da cliticização, mas também da gramaticalização. Conclui-se que, no português do século XVIII, o -mente estava no fim de seu processo de cliticização, mas que esse processo ainda estava em curso, devido ao número pequeno, mas ainda existente, de advérbios em que há separação gráfica entre o item, analisado com um afixo, e o substantivo ao qual está relacionado.
Edição Modernizada dos Dois Livros Manuscritos do Brejo do Campo Seco, Ba (XVIII-XIX): desafios da nova filologia
Authors: Fagundes de Oliveira Lacerda Mariana , De Oliveira Novais Carneiro Zenaide , Lopes de Almeida Bruno , Do Rosário Taine
Published: February 2023

Livro do Gado e Livro de Razão (XVIII-XIX), do Brejo do Campo Seco, Bahia, fazem parte do banco de textos do Núcleo de Estudos de Língua Portuguesa (NELP) da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), desde 2012. Encontram-se, atualmente, em edição semidiplomática, segundo critérios de transcrição do Projeto para a História do Português Brasileiro (PHPB) (SANTOS, 2019; SILVA, 2021), e em edição modernizada – com uso da ferramenta eDictor (PAIXÃO DE SOUSA; KEPLER; FARIA, 2009) –, disponíveis no Corpus Eletrônico de Documentos Históricos do Sertão (CE-DOHS) (http://www.uefs.br/cedohs/). Nesta oportunidade, será apresentado o trabalho de edição modernizada dos livros manuscritos e os desafios que as especificidades desse material colocaram à ferramenta computacional utilizada, levando a seu aprimoramento. Trata-se de contribuições que o CE-DOHS oferece à Nova Filologia (CRANE et al, 2008), haja vista o objetivo do projeto de constituir corpora diacrônicos, sintaticamente anotados, para estudo da história do português brasileiro, com a possibilidade de busca automática de dados.
Trabalho de face empregado pelo promotor e pelo defensor público no Tribunal do Júri: estudo da interação em um contexto forense
Authors: Burgo Vanessa Hagemeyer , Aquino Fernanda Camargo , Storto Letícia Jovelina
Published: February 2023

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o trabalho de face em um contexto forense, de modo a evidenciar os atos ameaçadores e valorizantes da face empregados por um defensor público e um promotor de justiça em uma sessão no Tribunal do Júri. Para tanto, foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o conceito de face e uma pesquisa de campo (observação não participante). Nela, uma audiência foi gravada e o material verbal foi transcrito conforme as normas do Projeto NURC-USP. Em seguida, os dados passaram por análise de cunho descritivo e qualitativo mediante o aporte teórico-metodológico da Análise da Conversação. Os resultados mostram que, no corpus analisado, prevaleceram os atos ameaçadores à face, marcados por recursos discursivos (como comparações), linguísticos (como emprego de verbos no imperativo), prosódicos (como a elevação do tom de voz e a silabação) e não verbais (como as batidas na mesa). O estudo contribui para um maior entendimento da interação em contexto forense.
Une histoire de la langue française a visée sociologique: L'approche méthodologique de Marcel Cohen
Authors: Swiggers Pierre
Published: February 2023

En 1947 le linguiste français Marcel Cohen publia une histoire de la langue française qui se signale par une visée sociologique très explicite. L’auteur, disciple de Meillet et communiste convaincu, se propose d’étudier la langue française et son évolution comme un fait social, l’évolution du système communicatif étant principalement déterminée par des facteurs externes. L’analyse des principes théoriques de Cohen – dialectique de différenciation et d’unification; enchevêtrement de la diachronie et de la synchronie; combinaison de la linguistique interne et de la linguistique externe – est suivie par l’examen de son interprétation et sa périodisation de l’histoire de la langue française. Dans le bilan final les points forts et les points faibles de son approche sont relevés.
Semiolinguística: da teoria às práticas de ensino de leitura de notícias e reportagens
Authors: Moura João Benvindo de , Cerqueira Antonio Aílton Ferreira de
Published: February 2023

Este artigo é um recorte de uma pesquisa mais ampla sobre o ensino de leitura de notícias e reportagens, com base na Teoria Semiolinguística do Discurso, tendo como objetivo geral relacionar noções básicas dessa abordagem teórica com o ensino de leitura de notícias e reportagens. Do ponto de vista metodológico, esta pesquisa tem uma natureza bibliográfica e aplicada, com ênfase, inicialmente, em dois conceitos básicos: o de processo de semiotização do mundo e o de ato de linguagem. Em seguida, apresenta-se um resumo das proposições de Charaudeau sobre compreensão e interpretação, com destaque para as distinções entre sentido de língua e sentido de discurso. Após essas duas seções teóricas, com a intenção de contribuir para futuras discussões sobre a inter-relação entre a semiolinguística e o ensino de leitura de textos jornalístico-midiáticos, apresentamos algumas recomendações direcionadas a docentes da área de Língua Portuguesa, com atuação no Ensino Médio, em especial.
Língua e Identidade em Memes: uma proposta pedagógica da Variação Linguística
Authors: De Castro e Santos Araújo Alexandra Maria , Ferreira Souza Lailton
Published: February 2023

Neste artigo, analisamos de que forma os memes da página “Pai do Pingu”, no Facebook, podem ser utilizados para o estudo da variação linguística nas aulas de Língua Portuguesa. Com uma linguagem tipicamente cearense, adaptada ao contexto dinâmico e versátil da internet, essa página virtual publica memes do estilo imagem fixa com legenda, alvo de reflexão da língua de acordo com a Pedagogia da Variação Linguística. Os resultados revelaram variações nos níveis (morfofonêmico; morfossintático; discursivo, semântico e lexical) do sistema da língua em que duas ocorrências foram pertinentes: o enfraquecimento de sons fricativos representado nos memes pela letra “r” (variação fonético-fonológica) e a não-marcação da concordância nominal de plural (variação morfológica e sintática). Essa conclusão, somada à proposta de intervenção pedagógica (desenvolvimento de atividades linguísticas, epilinguísticas e metalinguísticas envolvendo os memes), ratificam terem potencial para serem utilizados como ferramentas de reflexão sobre a língua, bem como suas variações.
Safety and Precision of Two Different Flap-morphologies Created During Low Energy Femtosecond Laser-assisted LASIK
Authors: Steinberg Johannes , Mehlan Juliane , Mudarisov Bulat , Katz Toam , Druchkiv Vasyl , J Linke Stephan , Frings Andreas
Published: February 2023

Purpose: Currently, two major principles exist to create LASIK flaps: firstly, a strictly horizontal (2D) cut similar to the microkeratome-cut and secondly an angled cut with a “step-like” edge (3D). The strictly horizontal (2D) cut method can be performed using apparatus such as the low-energy FEMTO LDV Z8 laser and its predecessors which are specific to this type. Alternatively, the low-energy FEMTO LDV Z8 laser’s 3D flap design creates an interlocking flap-interface surface which potentially contributes toward flap stability. In addition, the FEMTO LDV Z8 offers flap-position adjustments after docking (before flap-creation). The current study analyzed precision, safety, efficacy, as well as patient self-reported pain and comfort levels after applying two different types of LASIK flap morphologies which were created with a low-energy, high-frequency femtosecond (fs) laser device. Methods: A prospective, interventional, randomized, contralateral eye, single-center comparison study was conducted from November 2019 to March 2020 at the Hamburg vision clinic/ zentrumsehstärke, Hamburg, Germany. Eleven patients and 22 eyes received low-energy fs LASIK treatment for myopia or myopic astigmatism in both eyes. Before the treatment, the eyes were randomized (one eye was treated with the 2D, the other eye with the 3D method). Results: The mean central flap thickness one month after surgery was 110.7 ± 1.6 μm (2D) and 111.2 ± 1.7 μm (3D); P = 0.365 (2D vs 3D). Flap thickness measured at 13 different points resulted in no statistically significant differences between any of the measurement points within/between both groups; demonstrating good planarity of the flap was achieved using both methods. Despite not being statistically significant, the surgeons recognized an increase in the presence of an opaque bubble layer in the 3D flap eyes during surgery and some patients reported higher, yet not statistically significant, pain scores in the 3D flap eyes during the first hours after the treatment. Overall, safety- and efficacy indices were 1.03 and 1.03, respectively. Conclusion: In this prospective, randomized, contralateral eye study, the low-energy fs laser yielded predictable lamellar flap thicknesses and geometry at one-month followup. Based on these results, efficacy and safety of the corresponding laser application, that is, 2D vs 3D, are equivalent
Incidence and Risk Factors for Retinopathy of Prematurity at a Rural Tertiary Hospital in Thailand
Authors: Ittarat Mantapond , Chansaengpetch Supakorn , Chansangpetch Sunee
Published: February 2023

Purpose: To estimate the incidence and identify the factors affecting retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in a rural tertiary hospital in Thailand. Methods: This retrospective chart review included all infants screened for ROP. The study included all infants with gestational age (GA) ≤ 30 weeks or birth weight (BW) ≤ 1,500 gr or selected larger infants with an unstable clinical course. Retinal findings were classified according to the revised International Classification of ROP. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results: Of the 113 screened infants, the incidences of any ROP and ROP requiring intervention were 17.7% and 8.8%, respectively. In univariate analysis, lower GA, lighter BW, total days of supplemental oxygen, days of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), presence of apnea, and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) were associated with the development of any ROP. In the stepwise multivariable logistic regression analysis, lighter BW, male gender, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) were significant risk factors for the development of any ROP. Lower GA and being either a twin or triplet were significant risk factors for ROP requiring intervention. However, no antenatal condition was identified as a risk factor for ROP. Conclusion: The incidence of ROP in rural tertiary hospitals was relatively high as compared with previously published data from urban tertiary hospitals. Lighter BW, male gender, and BPD were significantly associated with the development of ROP in a local context. Epidemiological studies are necessary to prevent ophthalmic morbidities.
Effect of Nd3+ Doping on Structural, Near-Infrared, and Cathodoluminescent Properties for Cadmium Tantalate Phosphors
Authors: GÜLERYÜZ Lütfiye Feray
Published: February 2023

Cd1-xTa2O6:xNd3+ (x=0.5, 1.5, 3, 5, 7, and 10 mol%) phosphor series were fabricated by conventional solid state method at 1100 °C for 17 hours. The samples of cadmium tantalate were investigated by structural (XRD, SEM) and spectroscopic (CL, PL) analyses. In XRD results, the symmetry of CdTa2O6 phase with orthorhombic columbite structure was confirmed between 0.5 and 10 mol% Nd3+ doping concentrations. SEM analysis of the grains revealed round and shapeless morphology while grain sizes ranged from submicron to several microns. The emission spectra of Cd1-xTa2O6:xNd3+ (x=0.5, 1.5, 3, 5, 7 and 10 mol%) phosphor series recorded with the transitions of 4F3/2→4I9/2 and 4F3/2→4I11/2. Among these transitions, the transition 4F3/2→4I9/2 (at 889 nm) has a high near-infrared emission intensity, which can be attributed to the laser potential of the phosphor. The NIR emission of the phosphor increased with increasing concentration of Nd3+ up to 5 mol% and then declined because of concentration quenching phenomenon. The CL emission peak at about 450 nm found in all samples is related to the intrinsic emission of the cadmium tantalate host. In addition, Nd3+ doped phosphors exhibited the 4F3/2→4I9/2 transition of Nd3+ and defect-related CL emissions at 670 nm. Decreasing crystallinity with increasing Nd3+ concentration caused a decrease in host emission intensity at 450 nm.
Etyka w pracy przedstawiciela medycznego
Authors: Makowska Marta
Published: February 2023

Over the last few years, the pharmaceutical industry intensified marketing activity in Poland. One of the most important ways of promotion are visits by pharmaceutical sales representatives in physicians’ offices. Representatives during those meetings are using different sorts of tactics to manipulate physicians such as: gift-giving, free meals, travel subsidies, “fake” research, ‘white Saturdays’, sponsored teaching and conferences. An ethical ambiguity can be easily find in this work. The paper describes briefly the results of the research concerning the influence of the relationship between physicians with the pharmaceutical companies on prescribing habits which were conducted in other countries. The article presents law regulations and ethical codes present in Poland, but it concentrate on describing the results of 31 in-depth interviews with pharmaceutical sales representatives conducted between the June – November 2007. The main aim of this paper is to show how important are ethical and law standards for the pharmaceutical sales representative. Do they know it? Does companies take care about proper training and information in the area for their employees? Work ethics of the pharmaceutical sales representative is very important, and should be discussed. Drugs are special kind of goods which can influence people health and sometimes even lives so we should pay attention to the ways medicaments are advertise and promote.
Galectin-3 and matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in peripheral blood of gastric cancer patients
Authors: Korotkova Ekaterina A. , Gershtein Elena S. , Samoilova Ekaterina V. , Goryacheva Irina O. , Petrosyan Aram P. , Zybina Natalia N. , Yanushevich Oleg O. , Stilidi Ivan S. , Kushlinskii Nikolay E.
Published: February 2023

Background: High incidence of gastric cancer (GC), its aggressive clinical course, rapid tumor dissemination, low sensitivity to chemotherapy and lack of reliable laboratory diagnostic criteria urgently require a search for the most informative markers associated with key biologic properties of the tumors.
Aim: Comparative analysis of galectin-3, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and MMP-9 levels in peripheral blood of GC patients and healthy donors, assessment of association of these markers with clinical morphological characteristics of the disease, and prognosis of overall and relapse-free survival.
Materials and methods: Sixty (60) primary treatment-nave GC patients (38 men, 22 women) aged 29 to 81 years and 90 healthy donors compatible with their age and sex were included into the study. Galectin-3 was measured in EDTA plasma, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in serum with standard direct enzyme immunoassay kits "Human MMP-2 (total)", "Human MMP-9 (total)", "Human Galectin-3" (RD Systems, USA).
Results: Plasma galectin-3 concentration in the GC patients was significantly higher than in the healthy controls (median 12.9 and 10.6 ng/ml, respectively; p 0.0001). No difference in serum MMP-9 levels between GC patients and control subjects were found, while MMP-2 level in the control group was significantly higher, than in the GC patients (p = 0.039). No association between galectin-3, MMP-2, and MMP-9 blood levels in the GC patients could be identified. In contrast to GC patients, there was a positive correlation of plasma galectin-3 with age in the control group (rs = 0.51, p 0.005). No associations between the biomarkers levels in blood and clinical and morphological characteristics of GC were established, except MMP-9 being higher at Т4а invasion depth as compared to the earlier Т2 level. Marked differences in the overall survival depending on plasma galectin-3 levels were found, with the cut-off level of 12.9 ng/ml: the 5-year overall survival in the patients with low galectin-3 was better, than in those with its higher level (50 and 43%, respectively; however, the difference was non-significant, р 0.1). Both overall and relapse-free survival of the GC patients was higher in those with low ( 212 ng/ml) serum MMP-2: the 5-year overall survival in this group comprised 60% versus 23% in the patients with higher MMP-2 (p = 0.018). The difference in relapse-free survival was non-significant. Serum MMP-9 levels had no significant impact on the survival of GC patients.
Conclusion: The ambiguous data on the clinical role of galectin-3, MMP-2, MMP-9 in GC obtained in this study indicate the necessity of further investigation of their possible utility for the diagnostics and prognosis of treatment results.
Quiet eye training alleviates the yips in golf putting: a research proposal
Authors: Vickers Joan N.
Published: February 2023

A case study is presented of a professional golfer (AB) who in her 13th LPGA season suffered from the psychological form of the YIPS. She had increased anxiety about her technique and eye movements that made focusing difficult. After a quiet eye (QE) training program she overcame the YIPS and had her 2nd best season. However, her improvement was temporary for reasons that may have been due to how the treatment was delivered. Due to the pandemic, she was given a QE training program that used email, phone calls, videos showing the quiet eye of elite golfers, counseling, and research papers. Her QE and coupled stroke kinematics were not recorded, as normally occurs, thus the paper concludes with suggestions for a QE training program that may lead to permanent improvements in golf or other sports where this stressful disorder occurs.
Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD): current and emerging technologies
Authors: Hanson Britt , Paternoster Ben , Povarnitsyn Nikita , Scotchman Elizabeth , Chitty Lyn , Chandler Natalie
Published: February 2023

Prenatal testing is important for the early detection and diagnosis of rare genetic conditions with life-changing implications for the patient and their family. Gaining access to the fetal genotype can be achieved using gold-standard invasive sampling methods, such as amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling, but these carry a small risk of miscarriage. Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) for select rare monogenic conditions has been in clinical service in England since 2012 and has revolutionised the field of prenatal diagnostics by reducing the number of women undergoing invasive sampling procedures. Fetal-derived genomic material is present in a highly fragmented form amongst the maternal cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in circulation, with sequence coverage across the entire fetal genome. Cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) is the foundation for NIPD, and several technologies have been clinically implemented for the detection of paternally inherited and de novo pathogenic variants. Conversely, a low abundance of cffDNA within a high background of maternal cfDNA makes assigning maternally inherited variants to the fetal fraction a significantly more challenging task. Research is ongoing to expand available tests for maternal inheritance to include a broader range of monogenic conditions, as well as to uncover novel diagnostic avenues. This review covers the scope of technologies currently clinically available for NIPD of monogenic conditions and those still in the research pipeline towards implementation in the future.
The intention of the young Muslim generation to purchase halal cosmetics: Do religiosity and halal knowledge matter?
Authors: Widjiarti Nur Riswandi  , Sudarsono Heri , Asri Noer Rahmi  , Ali Hamza
Published: February 2023

Purpose – This study aims to examine the role of religiosity and knowledge in influencing subjective attitudes and norms. Then the influence of religion, knowledge, brand image, and product quality on the intention to buy Halal cosmetics products in the cosmetics industry in Indonesia.Methodology – This study used a purposive sampling method to collect data. As many as 522 young Muslim consumers in 32 provinces in Indonesia have previously used halal cosmetic products.Findings – The study results show that religiosity and Halal product knowledge significantly influence attitudes, subjective norms, and intentions to buy halal cosmetic products. Interestingly, the findings reveal that product knowledge has a higher impact on religiosity on attitudes, subjective norms, and intentions to buy in terms of cosmetics. Meanwhile, attitudes, brand image, and product quality affect intention, but subjective norms do not affect the intention of the young Muslim generation to buy cosmetic products.Implications – Halal cosmetic companies need to increase promotion to the younger generation of Muslims to introduce halal cosmetic products. This promotion will increase the knowledge of the young Muslim generation about halal cosmetics to increase the intention of the young Muslim generation to buy halal cosmetic products.Originality – Research develops the influence of knowledge and religiosity on attitudes and intention, and subjective norms to buy halal cosmetic products. The object of this research is the young Muslim generation, aged between 15 and 30 years, with mostly high school and university education.
MAQASHID SYARIAH DALAM FRAGMENTASI FIQH MUAMALAH DI ERA KONTEMPORER
Authors: Mupida Siti , Mahmadatun Siti
Published: February 2023

Tulisan ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan dan pelaksanaan antara maqashid syariah dalam fragmentasi fiqh mu’amalah yang telah mengalami pergeseran secara massif di era kontemporer. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kajian literatur. Data penelitian diperoleh dari berbagai buku terkait maqashid syariah dan fiqh mu’amalah serta penelusuran dari berbagai situs online, kemudian dianalisis dalam bentuk wacana. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan konsep maqashid syariah dalam fragmentasi fiqh mu’amalah telah melami pergeseran yang signifikan berkat adanya media. Pergeseran ini terjadi dari manual ke online. Kegiatan mu’amalah tidak lepas dari peran maqashid syariah yang dilihat dari kepemilikan dan harta. Beberapa aspek yang perlu diperhatikan dalam menjaga dan memelihara harta telah tercantum dalam konsep maqashid syariah agar tidak mengandung unsur maisir, gharar, haram, riba dan batil. Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) telah menerapkan maqashid syariah dalam banyak fatwa yang dikeluarkan dan diimplementasikan dalam mu’amalah hukum Islam.Kata kunci: Maqhasid Syariah, Fragmentasi, Fiqh Mu’amalah, Kontemporer
PENGGUNAAN APLIKASI VTUBE BERMOTIF MONEY GAME PERSPEKTIF FIKIH MUAMALAH
Authors: Ramadhani Iin Fadila , Solekhan Aftur , Zahrotunnisa Uun , Andriansyah Yunan , Krismono Krismono
Published: February 2023

Dewasa ini pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia melumpuhkan berbagai sektor penting, seperti kesehatan, pariwisata, perekonomian, dan sebagainya. Kondisi tersebut dimanfaatkan oleh oknum tertentu untuk meraup keuntungan melalui sebuah aplikasi yakni VTube. Aplikasi VTube dianggap sebagai solusi yang tepat bagi sebagian kalangan masyarakat untuk mengatasi perekonomian dalam bentuk investasi. VTube dengan system money game menjalankan fungsinya dengan mengimplementasikan skema ponzi/ skema piramida yang hanya menguntungkan pihak pertama dan merugikan pihak lain. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan guna meninjau lebih jauh terkait sistem pelaksanaan dari aplikasi VTube menurut fikih Muamalah. Melalui penyebaran kuisener dan wawancara, data diperoleh dan dianalisis. Hasilnya, mekanisme sistem money game dapat merugikan pengguna baik dalam hal moril maupun materiil karena keuntungan yang lebih besar akan diperoleh perusahaan. Hal ini dapat dilihat ketika dalam sistemnya aplikasi ini terdapat ketidakjelasan, artinya dalam aplikasi VTube ditemukan unsur-unsur yang dilarang dalam Fikih Muamalah seperti maysir, gharar, ighra’ dan kadzib. Oleh karena itu, aplikasi VTube merupakan aplikasi yang dilarang karena didalamnya melanggar unsur dalam Fikih Muamalah. Hal ini selaras dengan pendapat Imam Syafii yang mengharamkan praktik jual-beli ghaib. Kata Kunci: VTube, Money Game, Fikih Muamalah Currently, the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia has paralyzed various important sectors, such as health, tourism, the economy, and so on. This condition is used by certain individuals to reap profits through an application, namely VTube. The VTube application is considered the right solution for some people to overcome the economy in the form of investment. VTube with a money game system performs its function by implementing a ponzi scheme/pyramid scheme that only benefits the first party and harms the other party. This study is intended to further review the implementation system of the VTube application according to Muamalah fiqh. Through the distribution of questionnaires and interviews, data was obtained and analyzed. As a result, the mechanism of the money game system can harm users both morally and materially because the company will get bigger profits. This can be seen when the system in this application is unclear, meaning that in the VTube application elements that are prohibited in Muamalah fiqh such as maysir, gharar, ighra ‘and kadzib are found. Therefore, the VTube application is an application that is prohibited because it violates elements in the Fiqh of Muamalah. This is in line with the opinion of Imam Syafii who forbids the practice of buying and selling unseen. Keywords: VTube, Money Game, Fikih Muamalah
From Declarative to Procedural Knowledge: toward a more efficient arabic teaching in Indonesia
Authors:   Universitas Islam Negri Sunan Kalijaga, Yogyakarta, Khatir Bakri Ahmed Mohammad
Published: February 2023

Declarative and procedural knowledge are the two knowledge systems in the second language acquisition process. Declarative knowledge is more prevalent in Indonesia when it comes to the teaching and learning of Arabic. Thus, Arabic education in Indonesia focuses more on knowledge and memorization of grammar. Meanwhile, procedural knowledge is often overlooked. This research aims to present procedural knowledge system as the alternative to transform the Arabic learning in Indonesia. The method used in this research is the descriptive qualitative model. This research found that several language patterns need to be mastered to achieve optimal procedural knowledge. These patterns require appropriate learning strategies. Metacognition is the main key in conducting self evaluation in preparing learning strategies. This article describes ninepatterns in Arabic that should be mastered for activating the learner's procedural knowledge.