bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EL DESARROLLO DEL TURISMO MARINERO EN ESPAÑA: DIFERENCIAS REGIONALES
Authors: Moreno Muñoz Daniel
Published: December 2021

En España desde comienzos de este siglo se están desarrollando iniciativas turísticas relacionadas con la actividad pesquera. Se pretende poner en valor para el aprovechamiento turístico la cultura de la pesca y el trabajo de los pescadores, con el fin de generar nuevas rentas que beneficien al sector pesquero y también contribuyan al desarrollo económico local de los puertos en los que se da esta actividad. Este artículo tiene como objetivos fundamentales: la recopilación de la normativa legal que ampara a esta actividad, tanto a nivel autonómico como estatal, y la relación de las iniciativas que se ofertan en cada Comunidad Autónoma para señalar sus singularidades y los contrastes entre las mismas.

In Spain, since the beginning of this century, tourism initiatives related to fishing activity have been developed. It is intended to value the culture of fishing and the work of fishermen for tourist use, in order to generate new income that benefits the fishing sector and also contributes to the local economic development of the port in which this activity occurs. This article has as fundamental objectives: the compilation of the legal regulations that protect this activity, both at the regional state level, and the relationship of the initiatives that are offered in each Autonomous Community to point out their singularities and the contrasts between them.
ARQUITECTURAS REINVENTADAS. HOTELES SOSTENIBLES EN CONSTRUCCIONES INDUSTRIALES
Authors: Adams Carmen
Published: December 2021

Se realiza en este trabajo un recorrido por restos industriales en desuso reconvertidos en hoteles, evidenciándose que la reutilización de estos viejos contenedores para nuevos usos turísticos ha servido por una parte para recuperar patrimonio, mientras por otra se logra una actuación sostenible que evita el despilfarro que supone la nueva construcción. No obstante, queda de relieve también la paradoja de actuaciones de rehabilitación, donde la reutilización puede conllevar un deterioro ambiental, pese a la recuperación patrimonial que en principio supone.

This work includes a tour of disused industrial remains transformed into hotels, It is evident that the reuse of these old containers in order to new tourist uses has helped on the one hand to recover heritage, while on the other hand a sustainable action is achieved and it avoids the waste that implies the new construction. However, the paradox of rehabilitation actions is also highlighted, where reuse can lead to environmental deterioration, despite the recovery of heritage that initially it means.
La croissance des villes canadiennes et australiennes guidée par le hasard ? Enjeux et mesure de la croissance aléatoire urbaine
Authors: Lalanne Aurélie , Zumpe Martin
Published: December 2021

Cet article apporte des éclaircissements quant à l’existence d’une croissance urbaine aléatoire pour les cas Canadien et Australien. La détection de ces processus passe par un approfondissement du protocole de test en distinguant trois spécifications : marche aléatoire pure, avec dérive, et avec dérive et tendance. L’article démontre que la croissance urbaine comporte effectivement une dimension aléatoire. Les petites aires urbaines y sont plus sensibles et leur croissance dépend exclusivement de chocs. Les grandes aires urbaines et celles qui détiennent des activités économiques métropolitaines, croissent sous l’effet d’une tendance déterministe diluant l’effet des chocs, les rendant moins fragiles.
How does Inequality Affect Growth? Evidence from a Panel of Canadian Regions
Authors: Marchand Yannick , Breau Sébastien , Essletzbichler Jürgen
Published: December 2021

This paper investigates the effects of income inequality on regional economic growth in Canada over the 1981 to 2011 period. Using standard cross-sectional models, the consistent pattern we find is that regions with initially higher levels of inequality do subsequently experience greater average annual growth rates over the long-run. In contrast, the medium-term responses are different. Results from fixed effects models point to a negative relationship between inequality and growth. Moreover, across both types of models, we find significant differences for urban and rural regions.
The Possibility of COVID-19 Pandemic in Eliminating Burning Activities: A Case Study at Ogan Komering Ilir Regency, South Sumatera
Authors:   Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Academic Ring Road Campus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia 16680, Syaufina L , Rihuljihad M H , Nurhayati A D
Published: December 2021

Forest and land fires occur almost every year in South Sumatera Province, including at Ogan Komering Ilir (OKI) Regency, mainly due to uncontrolled burning activities. This region has the largest peatland responsible for the adverse haze impacts. The advent of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in early 2020 has triggered massive consequences across the global communities, including Indonesia. Therefore, large-scale regulations on social restrictions were enacted. The purpose of this study is to analyze the variations in hotspots as forest and land fire indicators before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in OKI as well as to determine the rainfall effects. Daily Terra/Aqua MODIS satellite feeds and rainfall data between January 2018 and December 2020 served as the research materials. Subsequently, the paired t-test and correlation assessment were used to examine the hotspot variations in both datasets, respectively. The results showed significant statistical differences before and during the pandemic. Consequently, social restrictions were assumed to instigate the decline in burning activities. Furthermore, the rainfall demonstrated a vulnerable correlation to the hotspots, indicating that human factor was more pronounced as a fire trigger.
Phenotypic and Genetic Diversity Evaluation of Sengon (Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & JW Grimes) from Solomon Provenance on Progeny Trial in Cirangsad Experimental Forest, West Java
Authors:   Silviculture Department, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Academic Ring Road Campus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia 16680, Dwiyanti F G , Siregar I Z , Siregar U J
Published: December 2021

Initial evaluation of phenotypic variability and genetic diversity was conducted on the progeny test of 2 years-old sengon from Solomon provenance, which derived from nine families of mother tree and were then planted in 4 blocks in the Cirangsad Experimental Forest. Phenotypic assessment on eight traits was conducted on 36 trees using a scoring system, while genetic diversity of 15 selected individuals which represented high and low-score phenotypic traits was analyzed using 5 selected RAPD primers. The result on phenotypic assessment showed that family 3 (57.25 points) has the highest average score of phenotypic quality and family 4 has the lowest average score (7.50 points). Furthermore, genetic analysis showed that the low-scoring sengon population had a greater mean genetic diversity (He = 0.2535) than the high-score population (He = 0.2345). The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed a significant genetic differences (p-value < 0.001) among high and low-score populations and the dendrogram of genetic distance revealed clustering of individuals having similar superior phenotypic against those having non-superior, indicating the selection based on phenotypes in this study had succeeded in pooling the good quantitative alleles in the selected population. This evaluation results can be used as a reference in determining the best families to produce superior sengon (from Solomon provenance) offspring in the future that have desired adaptability, productivity, and diversity.
Life Cycle Assessment of Wood Pellet Product at Korintiga Hutani company, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors:   Graduate Program of Tropical Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Academic Ring Road Campus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia 16680, Iswanto Iswanto , Nurrochmat D R , Siregar U J
Published: December 2021

Climate change has forced human being to adapt in fulfilling their energy needs sustainably. In Indonesia, forestry activities has been considered as an emission rather than carbon sink. This study aims to analyze the inputs, outputs, and potential environmental impacts of wood pellet production in a forest company using life cycle assessment (LCA). The wood pellet is made from Eucalyptus pellita plantation. Analysis was made for 1 planting cycle or 6 years, and allometric equations were used to estimate the ability of industrial timber plantation forest to absorb CO2. Production of wood pellet starting from plantation requires inputs as follows: diesel fuel, electricity, NPK and other fertilizers, pesticides, and electrical energy. Those inputs produced emissions, of which the largest was N2O of 551.2927 kg, followed by NH3 of 7.5275 kg generated from NPK fertilizer. Another was PO43- amounted at 0.1792–0.2229 kg from liquid fertilizers and pesticides. Potential acidification came from 13.3675 kg SO2 eq, and eutrophication of 0.4021 kg PO43- eq. The greenhouse gas (GHG) emission was 678.0270 kg CO2 eq from the plantation activities, especially from diesel-based energy consumption, while wood pellet mills only released 0.1053 kg CO2 eq of GHG emissions. Thus, total emissions from 6 years' time of wood pellet production are much lower compared to the average CO2 absorbed by the plantation forest, of which annually is 36.34–67.69 ton ha-1year-1.
Bezpilota transportlīdzekļu paralēlās skaitļošanas neironu-izplūdušo datu tīklu izpēte
Authors: Repole Donato
Published: December 2021

Promocijas darbs ilustrē autora pētījumus saistībā ar “neironu faziloģikas kontrolleriem”, kam pamatā ir VHDL. Promocijas darbā tiek pētīts jauns programmatūras rīks augsta līmeņa “neironu faziloģikas kontrollera” aprakstam, kas spēj izpildīt kontrollera simulācijas, optimizācijas uzdevumus, veikt mācīšanās/apmācības uzdevumus un spēj eksportēt kontrolleri VHDL kodā. Disertācijā aprakstītā pētījuma mērķis ir ieviest tādu projektēšanas stratēģiju, kas spēj izstrādāt risinājumus mobilo robotu transportlīdzekļu (jebkāda veida) sarežģītai kontrolleru arhitektūrai vai pat dažādām industriālām vajadzībām. Šis darbs paver iespējas turpināt pētījumus autonomās robotikas jomā jeb radīt autonomu bezpilota lidaparātu no lētas RC (radiovadāmas) lidmašīnas.
Fully Immersive Virtual Reality in Logistics Modelling and Simulation Education
Authors: Ogrizović Dario , Perić Hadžić Ana , Jardas Mladen
Published: December 2021

With the increasing development and popularisation of information and communication technology, new challenges are posed to higher education in the modernisation of teaching in order to make education and training of students as effective as possible. It is therefore very important to develop and experiment with appropriate development tools, explore their benefits and effectiveness, and integrate them into existing learning strategies. The emergence of a computer-generated digital environment that can be directly experienced, actions that can determine what is happening in it, growth of technological characteristics, and decline in prices of virtual reality hardware leads to a situation that cannot be ignored. This paper investigated users' perceptions on the potential use of fully immersive virtual reality head-mounted displays in a discrete-event simulation of logistics processes. The dynamic nature of virtual environments requires active participation which causes greater engagement, motivation, and interest aided by interaction and challenges.
Where Truck Drivers Stop – Application of Vehicle Tracking Data for the Identification of Rest Locations and Driving Patterns
Authors: Csendes Bálint , Albert Gábor , Szander Norina , Munkácsy András
Published: December 2021

Road transport plays an essential role in freight transport throughout Europe, therefore, conditions that may hinder seamless operations in this sector require thorough consideration for evidence-based action. Critical amongst these key conditions is how, when, and where truck drivers stop, as a common set of rules strictly regulates their driving times and rest periods, which causes mandatory interruptions in the supply chains. However, approximating reliable estimations of freight traffic flows and road infrastructure usage constitutes a considerable challenge for researchers. This paper presents a robust data processing approach to designate rest area stops and to calculate the pertaining driving and rest times. Drawing on the abundance of navigation information provided by private fleet toll registration services, a comprehensive spatial-temporal truck stop database on all major rest areas along the toll road network in Hungary has been compiled. Based on the assessment and comparison of driving and rest times, driving and parking times have been analysed, including micro-scale analysis of particular rest areas. Both the methods applied and the results achieved can be of strategic interest to better understand truck driving patterns, as well as to develop targeted and cost-effective measures to streamline freight transport operations in other contexts.
Dimensi Etis Terhadap Budaya Makan dan Dampaknya pada Masyarakat
Authors: Budianto V. Irmayanti Meliono
Published: December 2021

This research described that the ethical dimensions (food ethics) of the food’s pattern of human beings is coming from their lifes. So, the food’s pattern of human beings was also built and constructed from their culture with many social culture changes, for example, life style, bio-technology, symbolic expression, and ideologies. The results shows that the eating habitat has ethical dimensions about “the good“ and “the bad” in the processing and the marketing of food and making issues of the consumer society by implication.
Sastra Wulang dari Abad XIX: Serat Candrarini Suatu Kajian Budaya
Authors: Wahjono Parwatri
Published: December 2021

The Book of Candrarini is an ethic didactical book for women in polygamist system, for the eternity of her marriage. It was a disgrace that a woman divorced. This book was the masterpiece of it’s era, written in 1860 in the glory of feodalism in Surakarta, where the authority, high officials and the very peoples did polygamy. That is why His Majesty Paku Buwana IX had Ranggawarsita to write an ethic didactic for women, with the five wives of Arjuna as the model: three princesses and two daughters of priest with very nice performance and gentle behaviour. They lived in harmony, devoted to their husband. The ethic didactic was a catharsis for women in concubine. This research observes Candrarini from its own internal aspects as literary, religious, historical, political, sociological and psychological aspect. The result is : Beauty of a woman does not lie so much in her external appearance as in her internal virtues like modesty, chastity, compassion, service and refined manners. That is the way to save and preserve the eternity of marriage’s life. The ethic is always up to date, everlasting, eternal.
Investigating Factors of Customer Loyalty Formation for Wellness Spa
Authors: Lakićević Marija , Pantović Danijela , Fedajev Aleksandra
Published: December 2021

Research question: The objective of this paper is to examine the level of the development of spa tourism with a special review of the wellness tourist offer of the Republic of Serbia, and also which factors of this tourist offer we should pay special attention to and improve, to achieve the highest level of tourist loyalty. Motivation: The tourism potential of the Republic of Serbia has not been sufficiently researched and that served as a basic motivational factor. Idea: Considering the tourist potential that Serbia has and partly the work of Han et al., (2017), the fact that spa tourism is the fastest-growing sector in the entire tourism industry, and that the wellness tourism offer is a very important segment of spa tourism, there is a need to identify factors that influence the visitors' loyalty formation for such tourist destinations. As the Republic of Serbia has a lot of wellness centres, it represents a very convenient location for conducting such research. Data: This research included 298 guests of wellness centres in Vrnjačka Banja: "Solaris", "Aleksandar", "Merkur", "Zepter", "Kralj", "Slatina" and "Iwa Wellness Centre". Data collection was performed during July and August 2019. Methods: The PLS-SEM method was used in this paper to test the defined research hypotheses. Factors that contribute to loyalty and revisit for the wellness and spa tourist destination were investigated, and they were measured by the appropriate number of questions: quality of wellness and spa tourism, the value of wellness and spa services, attraction of wellness and spa tourist destination and satisfaction with wellness and spa tourist destination. All attitudes were measured using a five-point Likert scale. Results: The quality and value of wellness and spa services positively impact the affection for wellness and spa tourist destination and satisfaction with wellness and spa tourist destination, while the attraction of wellness and spa tourist destination positively affects satisfaction with wellness and spa tourist destination and tendency to revisit by tourists. The existence of a positive influence of satisfaction with wellness and spa tourist destination and the desire to revisit the tourist loyalty formation was also shown. Contribution: Improving the quality, value, and effect with the Republic of Serbia as a wellness and spa tourist destination will increase the satisfaction of visitors and their desire to revisit this tourist destination, which will lead to greater loyalty in the future. This will increase the revenue generated from this type of tourism and accelerate local and regional development.
No relevant differences in conditioned pain modulation effects between parallel and sequential test design. A cross-sectional observational study
Authors: Reezigt Roland R. , Kielstra Sjoerd C. , Coppieters Michel W. , Scholten-Peeters Gwendolyne G.M.
Published: December 2021

Background

Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) is measured by comparing pain induced by a test stimulus with pain induced by the same test stimulus, either during (parallel design) or after (sequential design) the conditioning stimulus. Whether design, conditioning stimulus intensity and test stimulus selection affect CPM remains unclear.

Methods

CPM effects were evaluated in healthy participants (N = 89) at the neck, forearm and lower leg using the cold pressor test as the conditioning stimulus. In three separate experiments, we compared the impact of (1) design (sequential versus parallel), (2) conditioning stimulus intensity (VAS 40/100 versus VAS 60/100), and (3) test stimulus selection (single versus dual, i.e., mechanical and thermal). Statistical analyses of the main effect of design (adjusted for order) and experiment were conducted using linear mixed models with random intercepts.

Results

No significant differences were identified in absolute CPM data. In relative CPM data, a sequential design resulted in a slightly lower CPM effect compared to a parallel design, and only with a mechanical test stimulus at the neck (−6.1%; 95% CI [−10.1 to −2.1]) and lower leg (−5.9%; 95% CI [−11.7 to −0.1]) but not forearm (−4.5%; 95% CI [−9.0 to 0.1]). Conditioning stimulus intensity and test stimulus selection did not influence the CPM effect nor the difference in CPM effects derived from parallel versus sequential designs.

Conclusions

Differences in CPM effects between protocols were minimal or absent. A parallel design may lead to a minimally higher relative CPM effect when using a mechanical test stimulus. The conditioning stimulus intensities assessed in this study and performing two test stimuli did not substantially influence the differences between designs nor the magnitude of the CPM effect.
Occupancy of wild southern pig-tailed macaques in intact and degraded forests in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Holzner Anna , Rayan D. Mark , Moore Jonathan , Tan Cedric Kai Wei , Clart Laura , Kulik Lars , Kühl Hjalmar , Ruppert Nadine , Widdig Anja
Published: December 2021

Deforestation is a major threat to terrestrial tropical ecosystems, particularly in Southeast Asia where human activities have dramatic consequences for the survival of many species. However, responses of species to anthropogenic impact are highly variable. In order to establish effective conservation strategies, it is critical to determine a species’ ability to persist in degraded habitats. Here, we used camera trapping data to provide the first insights into the temporal and spatial distribution of southern pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina, listed as ‘Vulnerable’ by the IUCN) across intact and degraded forest habitats in Peninsular Malaysia, with a particular focus on the effects of clear-cutting and selective logging on macaque occupancy. Specifically, we found a 10% decline in macaque site occupancy in the highly degraded Pasoh Forest Reserve from 2013 to 2017. This may be strongly linked to the macaques’ sensitivity to intensive disturbance through clear-cutting, which significantly increased the probability thatM. nemestrinabecame locally extinct at a previously occupied site. However, we found no clear relationship between moderate disturbance,i.e., selective logging, and the macaques’ local extinction probability or site occupancy in the Pasoh Forest Reserve and Belum-Temengor Forest Complex. Further, an identical age and sex structure of macaques in selectively logged and completely undisturbed habitat types within the Belum-Temengor Forest Complex indicated that the macaques did not show increased mortality or declining birth rates when exposed to selective logging. Overall, this suggests that low to moderately disturbed forests may still constitute valuable habitats that support viable populations ofM. nemestrina, and thus need to be protected against further degradation. Our results emphasize the significance of population monitoring through camera trapping for understanding the ability of threatened species to cope with anthropogenic disturbance. This can inform species management plans and facilitate the development of effective conservation measures to protect biodiversity.
A longitudinal study of the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on students’ health behavior, mental health and emotional well-being
Authors: Reuter Peter R. , Forster Bridget L. , Kruger Bethany J.
Published: December 2021

Background

COVID-related restrictions impacted the lives of students on and off campus during Academic Year 2020/2021.

Methods

Our study collected data on student health behavior and habits as well as their mental and emotional health using anonymous surveys. We compared these data with data collected prior to COVID in the longitudinal part of our study (n = 721) and analyzed them for the cross-sectional part of the study (n = 506).

Results

The longitudinal data show a significant difference for some student behaviors and habits, such as sleeping habits, physical activity, breakfast consumption, time spent online or playing video games, vaping, and marijuana use, during the COVID pandemic compared with pre-COVID data. Respondents also reported a significant increase in difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions, as well as being impacted by feelings of sadness or hopelessness. Yet, there was no increase in the proportion of respondents considering, planning or attempting suicide during COVID. The cross-sectional data illuminate the negative effect of the overall situation and the restrictions on students’ mental and emotional well-being. Three-quarters of respondents reported having craved human interaction during the past six months, more than half felt that their mental/emotional health had been impacted by the lack of social events or the switch to virtual (online) teaching. Two-thirds or more of respondents also expressed that they felt less connected to their peers and less motivated in their studies than in previous semesters. Fifty percent or more of respondents selected anxious, stressed, overwhelmed, disconnected, tired, and fatigued as words that best described their emotional state during the pandemic.

Conclusions

The impact of COVID-related restrictions on students’ behaviors and habits as well as their mental and emotional health was less severe than one would have expected based on studies during the early stage of the pandemic. While some behaviors and habits changed during the COVID pandemic compared with the pre-COVID period, the changes were not substantial overall. Our study did not find an increase in the proportion of respondents considering, planning or attempting suicide during COVID, although the cross-sectional data from our survey make the negative effect of the overall situation and the restrictions on students’ mental and emotional well-being evident. The impact of the pandemic will unquestionably be long-lasting and will necessitate further and future investigations.
Evaluation of Secondary Chronic Suppurative Osteomyelitis of Jaw in 15 Cases: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Manekar Varsha , Gadve Vandana , Dhote Vijaya , Radke Sulabha
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Chronic osteomyelitis may become a refractory condition and is more difficult to treat. Therefore, for correct diagnosis and evaluation of chronic osteomylitis, primary health care practitioners must have knowledge of signs and symptoms associated with osteomyelitis for effective management. Aim: To evaluate secondary chronic suppurative osteomyelitis of jaw in 15 cases. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of all patients treated for maxillo-mandibular secondary chronic osteomyelitis over a period of six years (January 2013 to December 2018) in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Government Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. This study was carried out in between November 2019 to November 2020. A total of fifteen cases were identified which were diagnosed as Secondary Chronic Suppurative Osteomyelitis (SCO) and treated for same. The cases were evaluated for demographic data, risk factors, aetiology, clinical presentation, radiological findings and the management. Data was collected through retrospective search of records and was arranged in descriptive tabular format without statistical analysis. Results: Out of 15 cases 9 (60%) were female. The patients ranged in age from 21 to 56 years with a mean age of 36.6±9.0 years. The mean age at first symptoms was 35.5 years (20-55), with a standard deviation of 9.12 years. The distribution of osteomyelitis in the jaws was dominated by the cases that occurred in the mandible i.e., 73.33% (11 cases) and the maxilla 26.66% (four cases) with most common involved site was body and angle region of mandible (eight cases) followed by premolar region two cases and anterior region one case. In this study, five cases (33.33%) had carious lesion and seven cases (46.67%) had infected extraction socket. Other causes of infection were osteoradionecrosis in one case and superimposed infection like mucormycosis in two cases. The most common causes of chronic osteomyelitis of the jaws were directly related to odontogenic infections like infected unhealed socket. Decortication and curettage was done in four cases. Decortication and sequestrectomy were performed in five cases and debridement of necrosed bone in three cases. Sinus opening, debridement of necrosed wall and packing were done in three cases of SCO involving maxilla. Duration of antibiotic therapy in all patients averaged five weeks. Conclusion: The accurate diagnosis with the help of recent imaging techniques, adequate antibiotic therapy as well as surgical treatment was keys for the success of SCO management.
Comparison of Nitrous Oxide-Oxygen as Inhalation Agent, Midazolam, Ketamine alone and in Combination as Oral Sedative Agents for In-office Paediatric Patients- A Randomised Control Trial
Authors: Nagpal Monika , Khatri Mohan Lal , Gupta Anil , Srivastava Ankit , Garg Shalini
Published: December 2021

Introduction: In-office pharmacological sedation techniques are best applied to manage an extremely fearful preschooler, especially during primary dentition or a child’s early mixed dentition period. These should be used when non pharmacological behavioural management techniques fail either due to lack of communication or in children with special care needs. Aim: To compare the efficacy of oral administrations of midazolam, ketamine, combination of midazolam-ketamine (M+K) and nitrous oxide-oxygen (N2O) inhalational sedation in achieving favorable behavioural outcome compared by using the Houpt scale in the treatment of anxious and uncooperative paediatric patients. Materials and Methods: A randomised clinical trial was conducted in the Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, SGT University, Haryana, India between September 2018 to December 2019. The study included 100 anxious children (Venham’s picture scale) aged three to five years, who required procedures under local anaesthesia administration were divided into four groups using envelop method. Each group was given either oral midazolam (M) (0.3 mg/kg) or oral ketamine (K) (3 mg/kg) or oral combination of midazolam+ketamine (M+K) (0.3 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg) or inhalational nitrous oxide-oxygen (N2O). The behaviour response of the child was recorded using the Houpt scale. The oxygen saturation level and heart rate of each patient were also recorded before, after, and during the procedure. Adverse drug reactions post-treatment was also recorded. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis. Results: The study comprised of 100 anxious children (mean age was 4.1±0.5 years) requiring administration of local anaesthesia with intent to complete in-office treatment. Statistically, a significant difference was found among behaviour outcomes of four groups (p-value=0.047). Acceptable behaviour was seen best in K+M group (88%), followed by oral ketamine (K) (68%), N2O (59%), and oral midazolam (M) (52%). Adverse reactions were most commonly seen in the oral ketamine group. Conclusion: Oral M+K combination group is significantly better than oral ketamine (K), oral midazolam (M) or N2O inhalation sedation to achieve the required behaviour for dental treatment in three to five years old patients.
The Ergonomic Challenges Students Face during Operative Dentistry Treatment
Authors: Bud Marius G , Spataru Sergiu , Pop Razvan , Pricope Razvan , Lucaciu Ondine , Campean Sanda , Delean Ada
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Students must possess good theoretical knowledge in order to perform correct clinical treatments with good prognosis and in safe conditions but merging theoretical knowledge and clinical practice in dental education is a challenge for both the training staff and the students. Up until now, no studies have been published in our country regarding the challenges faced by dental students in their clinical works performance for restorative dentistry and endodontic treatments. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the factors that may influence the performance of restorative and endodontic treatment procedures performed by 5th year dental students and their own perception on clinical work. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in February 2020. A self-made questionnaire with 13 questions was distributed via e-mail link to 5th year dental students at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hat‚ieganu Cluj Napoca, Romania, Department of Conservative Dentistry, all 5th year dental student who had previously undergone two years of clinical training. One hundred eleven students were selected after applying the inclusion criteria that were, having two years of clinical training experience and having passed their theoretical ergonomics, restorative dentistry and endodontics examinations. Descriptive Statistics were used for data analysis. Results: The majority of the students 83% (n=92) encountered difficulties applying the rules of ergonomics related to posture. The most common causes that prevented students from applying the rules of ergonomics during the clinical work were challenges related to working in indirect vision (n=90), lack of help by an assistant during treatment (n=52), working time allocated being too short (n=50), lack of sufficient space around the unit (n=43). Regarding the theoretical level required for restorative cases diagnosis, treatment plan and treatment itself, 64% (n=71) of students claimed to have had the necessary theoretical knowledge in most cases they met and only 25% (n=28) could confidently treat all cases. Establishing the diagnosis and treatment plan for endodontic cases was difficult stage for 3.6% (n=4) of students, of average difficulty in the case of 81.1% (n=90) of students, while 15.3% (n=17) did not consider them difficult at all. Conclusion: The results indicated that students had high levels of confidence in their theoretical knowledge when establishing the diagnosis and the treatment plan, but they encountered multiple challenges both with working ergonomically and with mastering the practical skills needed in different stages of the treatment.
Management of Histologically Proven Oral Submucous Fibrosis with Intralesional Steroids and Hyaluronidase- A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Preethi R , Warrier S Aravind , Divyambika CV
Published: December 2021

Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic debilitating disease characterised by progressive fibrosis. The disease is predominantly seen in South East Asia and mainly attributed to areca nut chewing habit. The classical presentation includes generalised blanching with palpable fibrotic bands in the oral mucosa. Patients experience severe burning sensation, trismus and difficulty in gustatory functions, thus resulting in compromised nutritional status. The OSMF has been grouped under Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMD) and has high rates of malignant transformation. Although randomised controlled trials on different treatment modalities have been conducted, currently there is no effective medical management. This paper highlights two cases of OSMF presenting with severe burning sensation and trismus, who underwent incisional biopsy for histopathological confirmation and to rule out dysplasia. Both the patients were treated with dexamethasone and hyaluronidase, biweekly for four weeks. Post-treatment there was significant improvement in the clinical symptoms, thus providing the patients with better quality of life.
ЭКСПЕРТИЗА ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ЭЛЕКТРОННОЙ КОМПОНЕНТНОЙ БАЗЫ ПРИ СОЗДАНИИ АППАРАТУРЫ КОСМИЧЕСКОГО И СПЕЦИАЛЬНОГО НАЗНАЧЕНИЯ – ВАЖНЫЙ ШАГ В РЕШЕНИИ ЗАДАЧИ ИМПОРТОЗАМЕЩЕНИЯ, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Красников Г.Я. , Эннс В.И.
Published: December 2021

Электронная компонентная база (ЭКБ) – ключевая составляющая радиоэлектронной аппаратуры космического и специального назначения, к техническим и массогабаритным характеристикам которой предъявляются высокие требования. В такой аппаратуре используется большая номенклатура ЭКБ, требуются малые партии изделий. В свою очередь, ЭКБ должна обладать высокой надежностью и отказоустойчивостью, обеспечивать длительную работу в экстремальных внешних условиях, включая расширенный температурный диапазон, разнообразные радиационные воздействия. Дополнительно необходима длительная поддержка производства ЭКБ и гарантированное отсутствие «закладок», т.е. недокументированных аппаратных или программных инструкций, способных приводить к отказу, невыполнению команд или несанкционированной передаче данных. Стабильное выполнение всех вышеперечисленных требований можно обеспечить, используя в аппаратуре отечественные комплектующие.
ВЛИЯНИЕ НИЗКОТЕМПЕРАТУРНЫХ ОТЖИГОВ НА ПАРАМЕТРЫ НИЗКОВОЛЬТНЫХ ДИФФУЗИОННЫХ p-n-ПЕРЕХОДОВ, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Скорняков С.П.
Published: December 2021

Исследовано влияние низкотемпературных (НТ) отжигов в диапазоне температур (400…950) °С на электрические параметры низковольтных p-n-структур, формируемых высококонцентрационной диффузией мышьяка из неограниченного источника в условиях эвакуированной кварцевой ампулы. Показано, что в зависимости от температуры отжига напряжение пробоя p-n-структур (U) можно как повышать, так и снижать на некоторую величину. Наблюдаемый эффект объясняется наличием легирующей примеси, в данном случае As, в высококонцентрационном диффузионном слое не только в активной, но и в пассивной формах – в виде метастабильных кластеров, которые могут быть частично активированы в результате НТ отжигов. Эффект НТ трансформации кластеров имеет обратимый характер и может быть использован в интересах производства низковольтных прецизионных стабилитронов для тонкой коррекции величины напряжения пробоя (U) НВ р-n-структур. Корректировка величины U может быть проведена как на стадии изготовления пластин с НВ р-n-структурами, так и стабилитронов в стеклянных корпусах, изготовленных на основе НВ р-n-структур.
СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ МОДЕЛЕЙ ПРОВОДИМОСТИ В МЕМРИСТИВНЫХ СТРУКТУРАХ НА ОСНОВЕ ТОНКИХ ПЛЕНОК НИТРИДА КРЕМНИЯ, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Горнев Е.С. , Матюшкин И.В. , Калимова И.Ф.
Published: December 2021

Нитрид кремния, включая нестехиометрический SiN (x < 4/3), остается базовым материалом в наноэлектронике, что делает актуальным исследование мемристоров на его основе. Нами проведен обзор современных работ в этой области с акцентом на выявленные их авторами механизмы и модели проводимости; проведена систематизация в табличной форме. Кратко рассмотрены физические принципы, положенные в основу семи используемых разными авторами моделей, и сделан вывод о необходимости разработки синтетической модели, валидной на всех участках петли гистерезиса вольтамперной характеристики. По сравнению с мемристорами на основе оксидов переходных металлов такая синтетическая модель обязательно должна учитывать: 1) прыжки носителей заряда между ловушками; 2) процессы зарядки/перезарядки ловушек; 3) изменения локальных характеристик (подвижность, диэлектрическая проницаемость, температура) при электрополевом воздействии.
Research Progress in the Application of Artificial Neural Networks in Catalyst Optimization
Authors: Liu Zhiqiang , Zhou Wentao
Published: December 2021

The catalyst can speed up the chemical reaction and increase the selectivity of the target product, playing an important role in the chemical industry. By improving the performance of the catalyst, the economic benefits can be greatly improved. Artificial Neural Network (ANN), as one of the most popular machine learning algorithms, has parallel processing and self-learning capabilities as well as good fault tolerance, and has been widely used in various fields. By optimizing the catalyst through ANN, time and resource consumption can be greatly reduced, and greater economic benefits can be obtained. This article reviews how CNN technology can help people solve highly complex problems and accelerate progress in the catalytic world.
Optical Wavefront Detection: A Beginner Tutorial
Authors: Zheng Shuiqin , Al Ibrahim Redha H. , Ng Tien K. , Ooi Boon S.
Published: December 2021

This article is designed to help readers understand some typical wavefront detection techniques and gain a preliminary understanding of wavefront detection. In this tutorial, the wavefront definition used in wavefront technology is given and we divide wavefront detection technologies into qualitative and quantitative categories. In each category, we discuss some typical systems and provide simulation results. This tutorial comes with Matlab simulation codes that readers can use to simulate mentioned wavefront detection technologies on their computers. We hope that this tutorial provides readers with all the tools needed to understand and simulate the different wavefront technologies and modify them based on their needs and interest.
Visible‐Light Laser Diodes and Superluminescent Diodes: Characteristics and Applications
Authors: Alkhazragi Omar , Holguín‐Lerma Jorge A. , Ng Tien Khee , Ooi Boon S.
Published: December 2021

Semiconductor light‐emitting technology has seen tremendous strides in recent decades and a rapidly increasing interest in it. The unique advantages and characteristics of this form of light generation include compactness, high efficiency, and reliability. With these recent advancements, light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), laser diodes, and superluminescent diodes (SLDs) have become an indispensable part of our homes, factories, and research facilities. In particular, the sensitivity of the human eye to the visible wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum extending from 400 to 700 nm, and the optical response of many materials to such spectrum, make visible light indispensable for a plethora of applications ranging from displays for entertainment, to imaging in the medical field, to light‐based atomic clocks. While LEDs are the most commonly found type of semiconductor light sources, laser diodes and SLDs are of special interest due to their higher output optical power, spectral purity, and coherence. In this tutorial, we first go over the main unique characteristics of the different types and configurations of visible‐light laser diodes and SLDs and their general structures with a focus on their advantages compared to LEDs. We then discuss the applications in which these characteristics are of great interest in the fields of displays, communication, instrumentation, and photonic integrated circuits.
Optical Emission Inductively Coupled Plasma in Environmental Analysis
Authors: Tatro Mark E. , Amarasiriwardena Dulasiri
Published: December 2021

The ability of the ICP‐OES (or AES) [inductively coupled plasma‐optical (or atomic) emission spectroscopy] system to perform multielement trace metal analysis of environmental samples provided commercial laboratories with the needed incentive to enter into the business of efficient trace metal analysis. Previously, trace metals were typically analyzed using colorimetric techniques, which were both cumbersome and subject to interferences, or flame atomic absorption techniques, which although almost interference free, were labor intensive owing to their one element at a time analytical mode. Even the furnace atomic absorption technique, for years the standard bearer of low‐level trace metal analysis, is giving way to axial and radial viewed ICP‐OES techniques. Now, ICP‐OES has become an affordable and well‐established multielement analytical method for environmental sample analysis. The method has been successfully applied for wide range of sample matrices and analytical applications, and the availability of new generation of High‐resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Optical Emission Spectroscopy [(HR)‐ICP‐OES] has offered new opportunities.

Taking the USEPA (the United States Environmental Protection Agency) SW‐846 solid waste analysis manual as an example, this article reviews the methods used for the preparation of samples and the ICP‐OES analysis of the prepared samples for trace metals in environmental matrices. This review includes recent developments in front‐end improvements in ICP‐OES and detailed overview of the quality control (QC) requirements for environmental ICP‐OES analysis.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Instrumentation
Authors: Quinn Caitlin M. , Bai Shi
Published: December 2021

The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer consists of a superconducting magnet, a sample probe, a radio frequency (RF) transmitter, a receiver, and a computer for instrument control and data processing. The superconducting magnet provides an ultrastable magnetic field in the central volume of the magnet. To maintain the current, the solenoid that produces the field is immersed in liquid helium to maintain the superconducting state. Surrounding the magnet volume is a set of vacuum jackets and a liquid nitrogen‐filled volume to isolate the low‐temperature regions from room temperature. The magnet has a bore to house the sample probe and a room‐temperature shim (RTS) coil assembly to reduce inhomogeneity of the magnetic field across the active sample volume. The NMR sample can be in liquid, solid, or gas phases. RF pulses, from one or a set of high‐power transmitters, are applied to the sample through the RF coil that surrounds the active sample area to perturb the sample. The RF pulses are controlled to ensure precise frequency, phase, duration, and amplitude of the RF voltage. The response of the sample is gathered by recording the induced voltage across the RF coil. The signal is digitized as a so‐called free induction decay (FID) with a high‐performance RF receiver including a preamplifier, an amplifier, and an analog‐to‐digital converter (ADC). Using Fourier transformation (FT), the time domain (DT) FID is converted into the frequency‐domain spectrum, often known as the NMR spectrum.
Hyphenated Methods Based on Separation Methods for Speciation Analysis
Authors: Michalski Rajmund
Published: December 2021

Speciation analysis, understood as research into various element forms, is gaining importance in environment protection; biogeochemical cycles of chemical compounds; determination of toxicity and ecotoxicity of selected elements; quality control of food, medicines, and pharmaceutical products; and clinical analysis. The hyphenated methods, in chromatography and electrophoresis methods, are coupled with multidimensional detectors, have become very useful in such analyses. The main advantages of those methods consist in extremely low detection and quantification limits, insignificant interference influence as well as high precision and repeatability of the determinations. This article is an update of international literature on the role and importance of hyphenated methods in speciation analyses of selected elements.
Crime blindness: The impact of inattentional blindness on eyewitness awareness, memory, and identification
Authors: Wulff Alia N. , Hyman Ira E.
Published: December 2021

People do not constantly watch for accidents and crimes. With their attention focused elsewhere, potential witnesses may fail to notice a crime and experience inattentional blindness. We investigated the impact of inattentional blindness on eyewitness awareness and memory. Participants watched a video in which a theft occurs. We manipulated the attentional focus of the participants—some watched for the crime, others simply watched the video, and some counted the number of people wearing white shirts. Participants counting white shirts and those simply watching more often experienced inattentional blindness for the crime and failed to identify the culprit than those watching for the theft. Participants, particularly those watching for the theft, often falsely identified an innocent bystander, displaying a potential unconscious transference effect. Attention plays a critical role in eyewitness awareness and memory. Eyewitness researchers should investigate situations in which people are not explicitly watching for a crime or accident.
Enhanced Charge Transport and Broad Absorption Enabling Record 18.13% Efficiency of PM6:Y6 Based Ternary Organic Photovoltaics with a High Fill Factor Over 80%
Authors: Zeng Yihan , Li Danqin , Wu Hongbo , Chen Zeng , Leng Shifeng , Hao Tianyu , Xiong Shaobing , Xue Qifan , Ma Zaifei , Zhu Haiming , Bao Qinye
Published: December 2021

Ternary architecture is an efficient strategy to boost desired power conversion efficiency of single‐junction organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, a ternary OSC by incorporating a compatible acceptor ITIC‐M as a third component into state‐of‐the‐art PM6:Y6 blend is reported, yielding a power conversion efficiency of 18.13% and an impressive fill factor of 80.10%. The efficiency is the highest record for the PM6:Y6 based ternary devices reported to date. The full advantages of the designed ternary heterojunction are the good complementary light absorption that increases the photocurrent, and the matched interfacial electronic structures featuring so‐called pinning energies that facilitate exciton separation and suppress charge recombination loss. Furthermore, ITIC‐M plays a vital role in optimizing the micromorphology of the ternary blend with better dispersity, well‐formed fibrillar structure and enhanced crystallinity, thus boosting the charge transport and device performance.