bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digitalising Lean
Authors: Pamment Lucy
Published: January 2023

As the world recovers from COVID-19, lean manufacturing techniques – especially those incorporating strong digital strategies – can fuel growth in the sector
Employment law SOS
Authors: Wilson Catherine
Published: January 2023

This month, our employment law expert explores how to deal with people posting untruths on job review boards, how to discipline an employee with ADHD and fixing a mix-up in payroll
Fake it ‘Til you Make it
Authors: Best Amy
Published: January 2023

Counterfeit goods continue to be a problem in the UK, creating real losses for real brands. Manufacturers, therefore, have to remain vigilant against the fakers
A Digital Journey
Authors: Edwards Donna
Published: January 2023

The Made Smarter programme has marked three years of boosting SME technology adoption in the North West. But what do the next three years have in store?
On the Front Line
Authors: Dutton Emma
Published: January 2023

What manufacturing leaders can learn from their military counterparts
The Final Frontier
Authors: RUSSELL RICHARD
Published: January 2023

How the demands of deep space are driving Additive Manufacturing development
Powering Change
Authors: Howells Huw
Published: January 2023

A focus on energy efficiency and a green revolution should be at the forefront of UK manufacturing’s post-pandemic recovery plans
Failing Our Frontlines
Authors: Joyce Dan
Published: January 2023

Technology has a critical role to play in managing risk – but we’re missing the mark when it comes to giving our shopfloor manufacturing staff the right tools to stay safe
Steadying the Ship
Authors: Marie Anne
Published: January 2023

The stresses of the pandemic have led one manufacturing boss to feel like they have lost control of their company, and needs advice on how to get back into calmer waters
An Anxious Wait
Authors: Boyd Jo
Published: January 2023

Much has been made of the great post-pandemic ‘return to work’, but what about the almost two-thirds of people who never left?
High Voltage
Authors: Beck Chris
Published: January 2023

Brexit pressures saw electric bike manufacturer, VOLT, open its first UK-based factory earlier this year – but the company hadn’t counted on the challenges of setting up shop during a global pandemic
Employment law SOS
Authors: Carter Angela , Williams Oliver
Published: January 2023

As MM’s Employment Law column returns, our legal experts look at rows over redundancy terms, mask-wearing on the shopfloor and restarting work after recovering from COVID-19
Ahead of the Pack
Authors: Best Amy
Published: January 2023

Many companies have different targets for when they see their factories becoming entirely renewable. Who’s winning the race and who’s lagging behind?
Motoring Ahead
Authors: Beck Chris
Published: January 2023

A young and vibrant workforce is the secret to success for Oxford-based electric motor and controller manufacturer YASA, which scooped three prizes at the 2018 Manufacturing Champions Awards
Second Chances
Authors: Best Amy
Published: January 2023

The Ministry of Justice Employment & Education Strategy focusses on hiring ex-offenders into businesses, opening doors for former prisoners, and giving them a chance to get back on their feet
Wear it Well
Authors: Barry Michael , Colella Francesco , Gilman Lindsey , Kytomaa Harri
Published: January 2023

Wearable electronic devices present new testing challenges for product engineers as they battle with the different variables that can influence the risk of burn injuries on consumers
Center Stage
Authors: Norman Helen
Published: January 2023

GiulioCamauli from Siemens Digital Industries Software reveals how new simulation techniques, such as Mission Synthesis and digital image correlation, are helping to improve the structure, durability, stability and sound quality of consumer electronics
Get Connected
Authors: Dormanns Marcus
Published: January 2023

5G and eSIMs are set to revolutionize the consumer electronics market with more and more devices now integrating the technology. What new demands are these solutions placing on the testing processes?
Growth Network
Authors: Karunakaran Prabhu
Published: January 2023

The emergence of 5G in consumer electronics has created a significant growth opportunity for the electronics test and measurement market
Beyond the Rulebook
Authors: Varma Kalyan
Published: January 2023

TÜV Rheinland evaluates how geopolitical regulations are influencing technology development
Power Up
Authors: Silasi David
Published: January 2023

Test and calibration services are helping to overcome issues with electrical safety, EMC, EMI and environmental stress
Powering Ahead
Authors: Bashford Rachel
Published: January 2023

As innovations in science are helping revolutionize the size, shape, strength and even stretchability of batteries, testing protocols must keep pace with the changes.
Dry Run
Authors: Willis Paul
Published: January 2023

Through its invention of GORE-TEX® fabric, Gore has become synonymous with waterproof clothing. Today, the company plays an equally vital role keeping our phones dry.
Made to Measure
Authors: Lewis David
Published: January 2023

As microLED technology revolutionizes display performance and design, testing and inspection tools must keep pace with the high resolution demands of ever-decreasing pixel sizes.
In to the Fold
Authors: Norman Helen
Published: January 2023

Samsung’s latest foldable devices have impressed consumers around the world with their usability and durability. To achieve such quality, an entirely new testing process was designed by Samsung engineers
Power up
Authors: Norman Helen
Published: January 2023

Charlie Pryor, applications engineer at Instron talks to Consumer Electronics Test & Development about the key mechanical testing processes required to finetune high energy density lithium-ion batteries
Non-Destructive Testing Testing
Authors: Neubrand Tobias
Published: January 2023

Waygate Technologies presents its high-performance micro-CT system for production environments, which aims to set new standards in computed tomography inspection in electronics
Picture of Health
Authors: Bashford Rachel
Published: January 2023

How is the reliability and accuracy of potentially lifesaving health devices tested and monitored before they are launched to market?
The Bombing Method
Authors: Konwitschny Rudolf
Published: January 2023

Pfeiffer Vacuum examines high sensitivity leak testing of hermetically sealed housings
In the Loop
Authors: Hodges Eric R
Published: January 2023

Demand for open-loop audio tests has grown greatly in recent years as more and more smart devices, with integrated microphones and speakers, hit the market
Quick Smart
Authors: Averna
Published: January 2023

Averna’s automated testing solution for wearables has helped one OEM meet rising customer demands by validating its smartwatch’s features in just ninety seconds per unit
Short Communication: Attractiveness of subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus to plant leaf extracts
Authors: Indrayani Yuliati , MUIN MUSRIZAL , ADILLA CYNTHIA , YOSHIMURA TSUYOSHI
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Indrayani Y, Muin M, Adilla C, Yoshimura T. 2018. Short Communication: Attractiveness of subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus to plant leaf extracts. Biodiversitas 19: 1176-1180. Plant-derived compounds have many potential uses. One such use is in agriculture for managing pests with less risk than with synthetic compounds that are toxicologically and environmentally undesirable. The current study focuses on the potential use of leaf extracts from five tropical plant species in attractant bait systems for controlling subterranean termites. Leaves from clove [Syzygium aromaticum (L.)], cajuput (Melaleuca leucadendra L.), cinnamon [Cinnamomum burmannii (Nees & T. Nees) Blume], basil (Ocimum sanctum L.) and bay (Syzygium polyanthum Wight) were extracted with 70% ethanol solution. Each extract was evaluated for its attractant properties for Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki using olfactory and Y-line trail following tests, respectively. Extract solutions were diluted to 1% concentration based on their eugenol content. For each test, which was replicated 15 times, a single worker was introduced into the test unit. The results showed that M. leucadendra crude extract was the most attractive among the five plant crude extracts, and the S. aromaticum crude extract was attractive especially in the trail-following test. The attraction rates were 40.00%, 80.00%, 53.33%, 60.00% and 46.67% for the S. aromaticum, M. leucadendra, C. burmannii, O. sanctum and S. polyanthum extracts, respectively. The trail-following rates were 86.67% for the S. aromaticum extract, 66.67% for the M. leucadendra extract, 53.33% for the C. burmannii extract, 20% for the O. sanctum extract as well as 26.67% for the S. polyanthum extract.
Diversity and use of traditional medicinal plant species in Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park, Indonesia
Authors: HUSAINI IIN PERTIWI A. , MAULANY RISMA ILLA , NASRI NASRI , NGAKAN PUTU OKA
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Husaini IPA, Maulany RI, Nasri N, Ngakan PO. 2022. Diversity and use of traditional medicinal plant species in Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 5539-5550. The people of Minasatene (Pangkep District) in Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park, South Sulawesi (Indonesia) have used traditional medicinal plants for many centuries. However, this local knowledge has not been recorded. This study aims to examine the diversity of plant species used to treat various ailments in the area. A set of semi-structured questionnaires was distributed to 60 respondents, consisting of traditional healers, elderly people, herb sellers and local people of Minasatene. This was used to obtain a demographic profile, vernacular names of plants and their uses, plant parts used, modes of preparation and methods of application. The diversity and use of the medicinal plant species in a traditional context were descriptively analyzed. The data were further extrapolated using Use Value (UV) to analyze the relative importance of plant species based on the number of uses; Fidelity Level (FL) to determine the specific uses of each plant species and preference over other species, and Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) to investigate an agreement between each group of diseases and related remedies. The study reveals that there were 74 species of medicinal plants belonging to 65 genera and 44 families being used as traditional medicines, which have been known to treat 54 ailments. Among the plant species, soursop (Annona muricata) had the highest UV (0,95), while the fig tree species, Ficus septica (100%) had the highest FL with the most frequent citation. From the data gained, it was found that skeletomuscular disorders had the highest ICF value (0,92).
First report of entomopathogenic fungi from South Sumatra (Indonesia): pathogenicity to egg, larvae, and adult of Culex quinquefasciatus
Authors: RAMAYANTI INDRI , HERLINDA SITI , MUSLIM AHMAD , HASYIM HAMZAH
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Ramayanti I, Herlinda S, Muslim A, Hasyim H. 2022. First report of entomopathogenic fungi from South Sumatra (Indonesia): pathogenicity to egg, larvae, and adult of Culex quinquefasciatus. Biodiversitas 23: 5695-5702. Mosquito control has currently used many biocontrol agents, such as entomopathogenic fungi. So, the study aimed to determine the pathogenicity of the entomopathogenic fungi from South Sumatra to the eggs, larvae, and adults of Culex quinquefasciatus. The fungal isolates used were eight isolates from South Sumatra and have been identified molecularly. The fungal species that were the most pathogenic to the eggs of Cx. quinquefasciatus were Beauveria bassiana (BSwTd4, TaLmME, TaPsBA isolates), Metarhizium anisopliae (MSwTp3 isolate), Penicillium citrinum (BKbTp isolate), and Talaromyces diversus (MSwTp1 isolate). The Cx. quinquefasciatus eggs infected with the fungus not only could kill the eggs but also could continue to kill the emerging larvae, pupae, and adult. This is the first record that B. bassiana, M. anisopliae, P. citrinum, and T. diversus from South Sumatera Indonesia were pathogenic to the eggs of Cx. quinquefasciatus and had ovicidal activity. The most pathogenic fungal species to the larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus were M. anisopliae (MSwTp3 isolate) and B. bassiana (BSwTd4 and TaLmME isolates). Three species of entomopathogenic fungi that were the most pathogenic to the adults of Cx. quinquefasciatus were M. anisopliae (MSwTp3 isolate), B. bassiana (BSwTd4 and TaLmME isolates), and P. citrinum (BKbTp isolate). Finally, The entomopathogenic fungi from South Sumatra have the negative effect on Cx. quinquefasciatus growth. The entomopathogenic fungi from South Sumatra have potential to be developed as the ovicide, larvicide, and adulticide. The future application of the fungi against the mosquito eggs, larvae, and adults can be used an ovitrap, fungal spores formulated in a synthetic oil, and fungus-impregnated black cloths, respectively.
Variation in leaf characters and agronomical traits of Yard-long bean genotypes between Dimocarpus longan and Psidium guajava stand
Authors: PUTRA FAJRIN PRAMANA , KUSMIYATI FLORENTINA , ANWAR SYAIFUL , WIDARYATI WIDARYATI , SAS MUHAMAD GHAZI AGAM
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Putra FP, Kusmiyati F, Anwar S, Widaryati, Sas MGA. 2022. Variation in leaf characters and agronomical traits of Yard-long bean genotypes between Dimocarpus longan and Psidium guajava stand. Biodiversitas 23: 5752-5758. Yard-long bean (Vigna unguiculata subs. sesquipedalis) is one of the most familiar horticulture crops. Leaf characteristics such as trichomes, stomata, and chlorophyll content correlated to other traits that influenced tolerance under sub-optimum conditions and component production traits. This study aimed to evaluate the leaf characters and agronomical traits variations of the Yard-long bean genotypes. The study was conducted by Split-plot design, with the primary factor were shading between Psidium guajava and Dimocarpus longan Lour. stand. The sub-plot was seven genotypes of Yard-long beans. Analyses were performed of multiple components, including the density of trichome, density of stomata, chlorophylls, carotenoids, nitrate reductase activity, flowering times, harvesting times, and production components under shading conditions between D. longan and P. guajava stands. The density of trichome, density of stomata, total chlorophyll, carotenoid, and Nitrate reductase activity showed the variability responses for each genotype in different shading conditions. One genotype showed early flowering in shaded conditions between D. longan than in shaded conditions between P. guajava. Two genotypes have the potential to adapt under shade conditions between D. longan. The morpho-agronomic characters that have been characterized may be used as potential donors for future hybridization programs to develop superior yard-long bean varieties.
Soil organic matter and nitrogen in varying management types of coffee-pine agroforestry systems and their effect on coffee bean yield
Authors: SUDHARTA KHANZA A’MALADEWI , HAKIM ARIEF LUKMAN , FADHILAH MUHAMMAD ARIF , FADZIL MAGHFIRA NUR , PRAYOGO CAHYO , KUSUMA ZAENAL , SUPRAYOGO DIDIK
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Sudharta KA, Hakim AL, Fadhilah MA, Fadzil MN, Prayogo C, Kusuma Z, Suprayogo D. 2022. Soil organic matter and nitrogen in varying management types of coffee-pine agroforestry systems and their effect on coffee bean yield. Biodiversitas 23: 5884-5891. Coffee cultivation in agroforestry systems is mostly planted without soil fertility management. While there are several management interventions to improve soil quality in agricultural practices, it is not clear whether particular treatments, such as adding organic fertilizers and nitrogen fertilizers could increase coffee production in agroforestry settings. This study aimed to analyze soil organic matter and nitrogen in varying management types and its effect on coffee bean yield in a coffee-pine agroforestry setting in East Java, Indonesia. We evaluated four types of coffee management (treatments) namely: (i) no management, (ii) pruning coffee plant branches, (iii) a combination of pruning and addition of fertilizers with a planting distance of pine trees of 3 x 2 m, and (iv) pruning under pine trees with a planting distance of 6 x 2 m. The soil organic matter, total and available soil nitrogen were measured at 0-0.2 m and 0.2-0.4 m soil depths. We measured coffee bean yield to 100 coffee plants per plot. The coffee bean yield in the no-management treatment reached 376 kg ha-1, while the yield under the other three treatments increased up to 3.9 times compared with no-management. This increasing coffee bean yield did not correlate with soil organic matter in topsoil, with a correlation between coffee bean yield and total ant available soil nitrogen being positive and negative, respectively. We concluded that the limitation of N in the coffee-pine agroforestry system would require management intervention in the form of adding nitrogen fertilizers to increase coffee bean yield.
Endophytic fungi from South Sumatra (Indonesia) in seed-treated corn suppressing Spodoptera frugiperda growth
Authors: HERLINDA SITI , GUSTIANINGTYAS MIMMA , SUWANDI SUWANDI , SUHARJO RADIX , SARI JELLY MILINIA PUSPITA , SUPARMAN SUPARMAN , HAMIDSON HARMAN , HASYIM HAMZAH
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Herlinda S, Gustianingtyas M, Suwandi S, Suharjo R, Sari JMP, Suparman, Hamidson H, Hasyim H. 2022. Endophytic fungi from South Sumatra (Indonesia) in seed-treated corn suppressing Spodoptera frugiperda growth. Biodiversitas 23: 6024-6031. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of endophytic fungi in seed-treated corn on S. frugiperda growth. A total of 20 isolates of endophytic fungi were molecularly identified, namely Chaetomium sp. (GaTpeOi, JgTjPr, PiCrPga, and CaCjPga isolates), Aspergillus niger (PsgTjPr, JgByU, and JaBuBys isolates), Beauveria bassiana (JgSPK, JaGiP, JaSpkPGA(2) isolates), JgCrJr, dan JaTpOi (1) isolates), Curvularia lunata (JaGiPRB, CMTJP, JaMsBys, JaSpkPga(3), and JgTgSr isolates), Aspergillus flavus (JgPWSR isolate), Penicillium citrinum (JaTpOi(2) isolate), and Metarhizium anisopliae (CaTpPGA isolate). Of the 20 isolates, 4 isolates (JgSPK, JaGiP, JgCrJr, JaTpOi (1)) of B. bassiana and one isolate of each C. lunata (JaSpkPga (3)), and M anisoplae (CaTpPga) were found to be more pathogenic to S. frugiperda larvae. The endophytic fungi had negative effect on S. frugiperda growth. B. bassiana, M. anisopliae, and C. lunata decreased the percentage of pupal and adult emergence, and the number of eggs laid by treated female adults. The fungi also shorten the adult longevity and increased the larval mortality. This is the first report of pathogenicity of C. lunata against S. frugiperda. These findings highlight the potential of endophytic fungi, namely B. bassiana, M. anisopliae, and C. lunata from South Sumatra to protect young maize plant against S. frugiperda by seed treatment.
A checklist of native freshwater fish from Brantas River, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Hasan Veryl , Mamat NoorHidayah B , South Josie , Ottoni Felipe Polivanov , Widodo Maheno Sri , Arisandi Prigi , Isroni Wahyu , Jerikho ‪Rikho , Samitra Dian , Faqih Abdul Rahem , Simanjuntak Charles P. H. , Mukti‬ ‪Akhmad Taufiq
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Hasan V, Mamat NB, South J, Ottoni FP, Widodo MS, Arisandi P, Isroni W, Jerikho R, Samitra D, Faqih AR, Simanjuntak CPH, Mukti AT. 2022. A checklist of native freshwater fish from Brantas River, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6031-6039. This study aims to provide information on the freshwater fish species composition of the Brantas River, the second-largest river in Java, Indonesia. All samples used in this study were the caught activities during Fish Resource Survey (form May 5, 2021 to August 20, 2022). Sampling was carried out in four stations of the Brantas River, representing upstream, the Karangkates Reservoir, midstream, and downstream. This work recorded 42 fish species divided into 35 genera and 21 families. Cyprinidae was the dominant family, comprising 12 genera and 15 species. According to the IUCN Red List, most fish species inhabiting the Brantas River have a conservation status of Least Concern (LC) or Data Deficient (DD), except for Rasbora lateristriata which is categorized as Vulnerable (VU). Genera Tor and Neolissochilus are rarely found in Javanese waters. We suggest that the conservation status of these species should be reviewed. Information on habitat use and ecological interactions of fish occurring in the Brantas River are needed urgently to make appropriate conservation decisions and plans. Therefore, we suggest that more collections need to be carried out in the studied river, as well as studies based on eDNA analysis and research incorporating both morphological and molecular data.
Ethnobiological study of Hare, a traditional food in the Parmalim community, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: AMRUL HANIFAH MUTIA ZAIDA NINGRUM , PASARIBU NURSAHARA , HARAHAP R. HAMDANI , ATHTHORICK T. ALIEF
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Amrul HMZN, Pasaribu N, Harahap RH, Aththorick TA. 2022. Ethnobiological study of Hare, a traditional food in the Parmalim community, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6082-6088. Indonesia has a variety of traditional foods that come from different social and cultural communities. One of the tribes in North Sumatra is the Batak. In the Toba Batak community, there is a belief or religion system called Parmalim. The Parmalim community is one of the indigenous faiths in Batak, which has grown and developed over time and is embraced by the Batak. The existence of traditional food known as Hare is one of the community's traditions. The purpose of this study is to describe how Hare was made, the ingredients included, and the nature of the benefits through an ethnobotanical study. The traditional botanical knowledge was traced through a series of field observations and semi-structured interviews with eight respondents from the religious officials and experts in Parmalim using a purposive sampling technique. Based on the interviews, Hare was prepared from herbs, honey, buffalo milk, and chicken eggs. The total ingredients used in making hare were 16 ingredients consisting of 13 species of plants and three species of animals. Hare is prepared from cultivated plants such as Cocos nucifera, Citrullus lanatus, Cucumis sativus, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Musa acuminata, Oryza sativa, Kaempferia galanga, and Curcuma domestica Valeton) and wild plants such as Saurauia bracteosa, Neptunia oleracea, Desmodium adscendens, Hibiscus mutabilis, and Chrysophyllum roxburghii. At first, hare is thought to be a nutritious diet and a pregnancy stimulant for young pregnant women. Recently, the traditional dish must be preserved, one of which is by promoting this dish on the cultural and formal agenda at Toba District, North Sumatra.
Spatial distribution of vegetation diversity, timber production, and carbon storage in secondary tropical rainforest at South Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: SUYANTO SUYANTO , NUGROHO YUSANTO , HARAHAP MOEHAR MARAGHIY , KUSUMANINGRUM LIA , WIRABUANA PANDU YUDHA ADI PUTRA
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Suyanto, Nugroho Y, Harahap MM, Kusumaningrum L, Wirabuana PYAP. 2022. Spatial distribution of vegetation diversity, timber production, and carbon storage in secondary tropical rainforest at South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6147-6154. Sustainable management in secondary tropical rainforests requires basic information about stand characteristics, mainly related to productivity and biodiversity. This study aimed to quantify vegetation diversity, timber production, and carbon storage from various sites of secondary forests in South Kalimantan. Forest inventory was conducted using a census method at seven different natural forest management unit compartments. Four parameters were measured from each tree, including the type of species, commercial categories, tree diameter, and tree height. Individual tree volume and biomass were estimated using allometric equations, while carbon storage was determined using a conversion factor from biomass. Three indicators were used to evaluate vegetation diversity: richness, heterogeneity, and evenness. The analysis of correlations was applied to examine the relationship between vegetation diversity and stand productivity with a significant level of 5%. Results found that there were 41 tree species in the study site comprising 20 commercial and 21 non-commercial species. The highest richness (R') was recorded in compartment 18X by approximately 4.0, while the most increased heterogeneity (H') and evenness (E') were observed in compartment 18Y by around 2.4 and 0.7, respectively. The accumulation of timber production varied in each site, with a range of 45.46-68.32 m3 ha-1. The highest carbon storage was noted in compartment 19Y (38.74±1.79 t C ha-1), while the lowest was found in compartment 18W (20.76±0.93 t C ha-1). The relative contribution of commercial species to timber production and carbon storage was substantially higher than non-commercial species at all sites. However, there was not a significant correlation between vegetation diversity and stand productivity (P>0.05). Overall, our study concluded that the secondary tropical forest ecosystems in the site had good vegetation diversity, timber production, and carbon storage.
Identification of the root-knot nematode species associated with Carica papaya
Authors: Plena Stella Nostra Gracia , Indarti Siwi , Widiastuti Ani , Putra Nugroho Susetya
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Plena SNG, Indarti S, Widiastuti A, Putra NS. 2022. Identification of the root-knot nematode species associated with Carica papaya.Biodiversitas 23: 6212-6217. Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are important economic pests causing low production and yield losses in horticultural crops. Meloidogyne spp. is widespread and regarded as a major pest since they are found all over the world in a variety of geographic locations, most frequently found in tropical and subtropical climate zones. They are obligate parasites that feed on various plants, including papaya and other horticultural plants. They are root-galling in host plants. Many species of root-knot nematodes may be found in a suitable environment. Therefore, accurate identification of the root-knot nematode species in papaya plants is important for developing and applying control and management measures. Surveys and sampling of nematodes on papaya plants were performed at the Agrotechnology Innovation Center, Universitas Gadjah Mada, the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and its surroundings. Identification was performed both morphologically (based on the perineal pattern of female nematodes) and molecularly (using root-knot nematode species-specific primers). The results revealed that the species of root-knot nematode associated with papaya plants was Meloidogyne javanica based on the perineal pattern of female nematodes, specifically the lateral lines. This finding was also supported by the results of the DNA amplification at 670-bp product using specific primers for M. javanica (FJav/RJav). Consequently, plant protection efforts will need to focus on minimizing M. javanica damage in papaya cultivation.
Various macro and micro-morphological characters of three sex types of highland papaya (Vasconcellea pubescens) in Java, Indonesia
Authors: LAILY AINUN NIKMATI , DARYONO BUDI SETIADI , PURWANTORO AZIZ , PURNOMO PURNOMO
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Laily AN, Daryono BS, Purwantoro A, Purnomo. 2022. Various macro and micro-morphological characters of three sex types of highland papaya (Vasconcellea pubescens) in Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6238-6246. Highland papaya (Vasconcellea pubescens A.DC.), locally called karika, is a fruit plant successfully introduced to Java, Indonesia. V. pubescens plays an essential role as it contains various substances that can be used as ingredients in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. This plant is dioecious and monoecious as it contains three sex types, namely female, male, and monoecious. It grew from seed and began to bear fruit two years after sowing. The consumer preference for fruit is produced from female plants because female plants produce fruit faster, more abundantly, and with maximum fruit size under suitable environmental conditions. Sex differentiation is important for farmers to ensure the growth of female plants. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the variation in macro and micro-morphological characters. The results showed that leaf and flower differ in macromorphological characters among the three sex types. Similarly, there were considerable differences in the trichomes of female and monoecious plants based on micro-morphological characteristics. There was no significant difference in seed shape between those. Seeds from female and monoecious plants differed in macro and micro-morphological characters. Macro and micro-morphological characters might have potential applications in early sex determination in V. pubescens. Macro and micro-morphological characters have many potential applications in early sex determination in V. pubescens.
Short Communication: Leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) distribution in the Cisokan Hydropower Plant, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Husodo Teguh , Megantara Erri Noviar , Mutaqin Asep Zainal , Kendarto Dwi Rustam , Wulandari Indri , Shanida Sya Sya
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Husodo T, Megantara EN, Mutaqin AZ, Kendarto DR, Wulandari I, Shanida SS. 2022. Short Communication: Leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) distribution in the Cisokan Hydropower Plant, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6247-6253. Globally, leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis) can be found in various land cover types. Information about leopard cats is still low in Indonesia, especially in Java. Java Island has high human activities that impact leopard cats, such as the UCPS hydropower development area, a non-conservation area. The UCPS hydropower plant is in the upper catchment area of ??the Cisokan River as a tributary of the Citarum River. Although leopard cats can adapt to various land cover types, monitoring their existence is necessary. This study aims to reveal the distribution of leopard cats in the UCPS hydropower development area, Cianjur Regency and West Bandung Regency, West Java, Indonesia. Sign survey and literature were applied in this study. Fifty-eight leopard cat findings were found in the UCPS hydropower area. Leopard cats were found in 16 of the 47 grids from 2012-2022. After 5-10 years, leopard cats still use the same area in certain areas to meet their needs.In eight of 16 grids, 50% of the grids used by leopard cats were habitats used repeatedly. They were most commonly found in shrubs (39%), riparian (20%), and pine plantations (15%). Leopard cats were located at 445-895 masl and are most commonly found at 400-800 masl. Leopard cats are found in the UCPS development area and Perhutani Land. After 5-10 years, leopard cats still use the UCPS development area, so the habitat still fulfills their daily needs. Further monitoring is needed to determine the ecological status of the leopard cat population during the construction and post-construction process.
Diversity in characteristics of tropical peatlands varying in land uses leads to differences in methane and carbon dioxide emissions
Authors: SAIDY AKHMAD R. , PRIATMADI BAMBANG J. , SEPTIANA MELDIA
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Saidy AR, Priatmadi BJ, Septiana M. 2022. Diversity in characteristics of tropical peatlands varying in land uses leads to differences in methane and carbon dioxide emissions. Biodiversitas 23: 6293-6301. The use of tropical peatlands for commercial agriculture causes a change in their original function as carbon storage to become sources of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Therefore, this research aims to quantify the emission of CH4 and CO2, and peat characteristics in five tropical peatlands with different land uses, namely shrubs-, burned-, Albizia-, spring onion-, and lettuce-peatlands, to determine factors controlling carbon emissions. The results showed that CH4 emission ranged from 0.21 to 0.58 mg C m-2 h-1, with the lowest and the highest obtained in burned- and cultivated-peatlands (spring onion- and lettuce peatlands), respectively. The emission of CO2 ranged from the lowest in burned peatland (34.10-47.06 mg C m-2 h-1) to the highest in shrubs-peatland (136.79-180.87 mg C m-2 h-1). This showed that the diversity in CH4 emissions with different land uses is attributed to variations in the water table, water-filled pore space, ammonium, and nitrate contents. The rates of CO2 emission were controlled by carbohydrate-, fiber-, organic C-, and lignin-contents. This indicated that land and water managements need to be applied to reduce the emissions of CH4 and CO2 in tropical peatlands with different land uses.
Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in asphalt post-mining land in Buton Island, Indonesia
Authors: TUHETERU FAISAL DANU , HUSNA HUSNA , ALBASRI ALBASRI , EFFENDY HENI MANGUN , ARIF ASRIANTI , BASRUDIN BASRUDIN , TUHETERU EDY JAMAL , MULYONO SRI , IRIANTO RAGIL SB
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Tuheteru FD, Husna, Albasri, Effendy HM, Arif A, Basrudin, Tuheteru EJ, Mulyono S, Irianto RSB. 2022. Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in asphalt post-mining land in Buton Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6327-6334. Studies on the presence and diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) on overburden (OB) and asphalt post-mining areas in Buton Island are still limited. The purpose of this study was to examine the presence and diversity of AMF on OB and asphalt post-mining stockpiles in Buton Island, Southeast Sulawesi Province. The sampling of soil and roots of successional plants was carried out at eight post-mining sites at the IUP Kabungka (Pasarwajo) (6 sites) PT. WIKA Aspal and IUP Lawele (2 sites), PT. WIKA Bitumen. The AMF spores were isolated using the wet filter pour method, followed by the identification of AMF which was done by observing the morphology of AMF spores. The results showed that all successional plants were in symbiosis with AMF, which was indicated by the existence of AMF structure in plant roots with the percentage of AMF colonization ranging from 5 - 95%. The number of spores per 50 g ranged from 1 to 9 spores. A total of 9 AMF species were found to belong to five genera, i.e., Claroideoglomus, Haloatospora, Glomus, Gigaspora, and Cetraspora from three families. Claroideoglomus claroideum was found to be the most dominant species isolated with the high occurrence and the highest Importance and Shannon-Wiener Diversity Indices followed by Haloatospora cf. pansihalos, Glomus sp. 5, and Glomus sp. 4. This study also showed that the AMF diversity index differed among locations. The presence of AMF can accelerate the emergence and development of adaptive plants on post-asphalt mining land in Buton Island.
The ecology of suweg (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) in the Citanduy and Cimanuk Watersheds, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: MUTAQIN ASEP ZAINAL , HUSODO TEGUH , KENDARTO DWI RUSTAM , WULANDARI INDRI , SHANIDA SYA SYA , MEGANTARA ERRI NOVIAR , KURNIADIE DENNY , ISKANDAR JOHAN , NURZAMAN MOHAMAD
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Mutaqin AZ, Husodo T, Kendarto DR, Wulandari I, Shanida SS, Megantara EN, Kurniadie D, Iskandar J, Nurzaman M. 2022. The ecology of suweg (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) in the Citanduy and Cimanuk Watershed, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6520-6529. Suweg (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson) is one of the plants distributed in Indonesia, including in the Citanduy and Cimanuk Watershed. Amorphophallus grows in various land cover types. This species exhibits wide agroecological adaptation to dry and moist lands. Citanduy Watershed passes through the Leuwikeris Dam, and the Cimanuk watershed passes through the Kertajati International Airport. These projects can affect the condition of the surrounding environment, including biodiversity. This study was conducted to observe the distribution, population, and habitat characteristics of the suweg in the Citanduy and Cimanuk watersheds. Exploratory surveys and intensive studies were applied in this study. An exploratory survey was conducted randomly through direct observation. An intensive study was carried out to determine the ecological description of suweg in several areas, namely Kuta Subvillage, Ciangir Subvillage, and Pasiripis Village, with existing projects, still have strong local cultures, and the discovery of suweg growing. Suweg is growing in several sites, including the Citanduy and Cimanuk Watersheds, with certain elevations and environmental conditions. The Summed Dominant Ratio (SDR) of suweg in Kuta Subvillage, Ciangir Subvillage, and Pasiripis Village in the home garden and garden, respectively, are 8.50 and 13.77; 10.07 and 19.25; and 0 and 22.92, which indicate the population or density of suweg is low. The abiotic and biotic environmental parameters observed at each site varied.
Xylanase production by Trichoderma virens MLT2J2 under solid-state fermentation using corn cob as a substrate
Authors: ISTIQOMAH LUSTY , CAHYANTO MUHAMMAD NUR , ZUPRIZAL ZUPRIZAL
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Istiqomah L, Cahyanto MN, Zuprizal. 2022. Xylanase production by Trichoderma virens MLT2J2 under solid-state fermentation using corn cob as a substrate. Biodiversitas 23: 6530-6538. Xylanase is one of non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) degrading enzyme encompass in industrial application like animal feed, food, biofuel, and textile. The objective of this study was to produce and characterize the crude xylanase from MLT2J2 isolate that isolated from coconut husk. Molecular identification revealed that MLT2J2 isolate was identified as Trichoderma virens. The xylanase was produced from Trichoderma virens MLT2J2 (108 spores/g of corncob) using corn cob as substrate with 80% initial moisture content using under solid-state fermentation (SSF) at 30°C for 7 d of incubation. Changes in surface morphology and structure of fermented corn cob were monitored by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Statistical analysis was performed using One-way of analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed Tukey Kramer post hoc test to compare treatment means. Under fermentation parameters the maximum xylanase activity was 181.22 U/g-IDW, loss of dry matter 11.43%, and pH was decreased (4.11) at 5 d of incubation compared to initial pH (5.47). Xylanase was produced between a broad range pH 3-8 and showed acidophilic and mesophilic characteristics (optimum at pH 5,0 and 40°C), and also conserved more than 50% of activity before 4 h of incubation at 30°C and after 5 h at 40°C. The micrographs surface of corn cob before SSF appeared intact and smoother, while turned coarser after SSF, suggestive of a disrupted and more porous surface. These findings reveled that T. virens MLT2J2 could produce extracellular xylanase and potential to disrupt the cell wall of corn cob as a cheap substrate for enzyme production thereby increased the reactive surface area of corn cob for enzymatic in situ hydrolysis.
The effect of adding coconut pulp resulting from Aspergillus oryzae fermentation in commercial feed on the growth of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: ELYANA PURI , Pangastuti Artini , NUGRAHENI ESTU RETNANINGTYAS
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Elyana P, Pangastuti A, Nugraheni ER. 2018. The effect of adding coconut pulp resulting from Aspergillus oryzae fermentation in commercial feed on the growth of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Cell Biol Dev 2: 33-42. Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758) is one type of fish with the potential as an animal protein source. Quality feed, particularly feed containing basic protein nutrients, is required to increase fishery product production. Coconut pulp is one type of household waste with a relatively high nutritional content, particularly protein, and the potential to be processed into fish feed ingredients. Coconut pulp is initially processed through a fermentation process with Aspergillus oryzae (Ahlb.) Cohn, which is expected to increase protein digestibility. This study aims to determine the effect of adding fermented coconut pulp as a mixture in feed on the protein content and growth of Nile tilapia. This study used an experimental method called Completely Randomized Design (CRD). This study lasted 60 days and included four treatments containing fermented coconut pulp and commercial pellets. The composition of each treatment I, II, III, and IV was 75%:25%; 50%:50%; 25%:75%; and 0%:100%. Each treatment was replicated three times. Data analysis revealed that adding 75% fermented coconut pulp to the feed increased the water, fat, and crude fiber content by 25.72%, 20.36%, and 10.56%, respectively. In addition, the growth of Nile tilapia increased after they were fed fermented coconut pulp. The concentration of adding coconut pulp to the optimal feed for Nile tilapia growth and protein content was 25%. However, it is necessary to improve the nutritional composition of the feed to increase growth and meat protein.
Sucrose and coumarin effect on the growth and development of micro-cutting potato plant (Solanum tuberosum) variety Granola Kembang
Authors: MANJASWARI AGIKA , PITOYO ARI , SARI SITI LUSI ARUM
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Manjaswari A, Pitoyo A, Sari SLA. 2018. Sucrose and coumarin effect on the growth and development of micro-cutting potato plant (Solanum tuberosum) variety Granola Kembang. Cell Biol Dev 2: 55-62. This research aimed to determine the effect of various concentrations of sucrose and coumarin on the micro-cutting potato plant's growth and development. A completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a single concentration combination factor of sucrose and coumarin was treated well. Five levels of sucrose concentrations were 0, 30, 50, 70, and 90 g/L. While coumarin concentrations were 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 mg/L. Observation and data collection was made in the second month after the explant planting. Some parameters observed were morphological changes in explant characteristics, i.e., the percentage of explants response, the emergence of the shoot, shoot height, shoot number, leaf emergence time, number of leaves, the emergence of the root, root number, and root length. The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA followed by DMRT at level test 5 % to determine if there is a significant difference between the treatments. The result showed that the higher sucrose concentration added into the media could increase the micro-cut growth and development of shoots and leaves; otherwise, it would negatively influence root development. The addition of coumarin in high concentration inhibited all the parameters of growth and development observed. Both combinations of sucrose and coumarin could increase the micro-cut development of shoot at 50 g/L of sucrose and 20 mg/L of coumarin concentration. Those concentrations could produce the best amount and higher shoot for micro-cut multiplications.
Improving the quality and quantity of hemp fiber (Boehmeria nivea) by giving indole acetic acid and gibberellic acid
Authors: RAHMAN SHAFI FAUZI , MUDYANTINI WIDYA , ANGGARWULAN ENDANG
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Rahman SF, Mudyantini W, Anggarwulan E. 2019. Improving the quality and quantity of hemp fiber (Boehmeria nivea) by giving indole acetic acid and gibberellic acid. Cell Biol Dev 3: 19-29. Hemp plant (Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich.) is an annual plant that is easy to grow and reproduce in a tropical region. Hemp fiber has a higher strength than cotton fiber, so it is not easily broken off. It provides less reduction than other fibers, the humidity of hemp fiber can achieve 12%, and hemp fiber has a smooth characteristic, long-lasting, and its glint is similar to silk. This research used complete random design (CRD) using two factors that were GA3 with 3 concentration variations (G), such as 0 ppm, 175 ppm, 200 ppm, and 3 water availability variations (A), such as 50%, 75%, and 100%. The treatments were given to the rhizome before it was planted, and the water availability was given when the shoot started to form. The measured parameters were parameters of growth and fiber quality. This research concludes that GA3 treatment influences the increase of shoot stem height, dry weight, fresh weight, and fiber pulling test (fiber’s strength), but it does not influence the change of shoot number, leaf number, and elasticity of the fiber. The water availability treatment does not influence the entire parameter. The interaction between GA3 and water availability influences hemp (B. nivea) fiber elasticity. The giving of GA3 in the concentration of 200 ppm shows the best influence on the entire parameter of growth and fiber quality observed except in fresh and dry weight. Water availability treatment in SQ 100% strongly influences fresh and dry weight; in SQ 75%, it influences the fiber's elasticity.
Physiological responses of Centella asiatica to the herbicides of glyphosate and 2,4-D
Authors: AMIATI GALIH SEPTIA , Solichatun Solichatun , MUDYANTINI WIDYA
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Amiati GS, Solichatun, Anggarwulan E. 2019. Physiological responses of Centella asiatica to the herbicides of glyphosate and 2,4-D. Cell Biol Dev 3: 69-80. The objective of this study was to determine the physiological response of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. or gotu kola to the glyphosate herbicides and 2,4-Diclorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two treatment factors: the type of herbicide and the dose of herbicide (0 L.ha-1; 0.25 L.ha-1; 0.5 L.ha-1; 0.75 L.ha-1; 1 L.ha-1). The quantitative data obtained were examined by analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine whether there was an effect of the treatments and followed by the DMRT (Duncan’s Multiple Range Test) at a 5% level to determine the significant difference between the treatments. The t-test determined the effectiveness of glyphosate and 2,4-D. The results showed that the glyphosate herbicide at a dose of 0.25 to 1 L/ha did not inhibit the number of leaves, dry weight, and nitrate reductase. The glyphosate dose of 0.25 to 0.75 L/ha did not inhibit the formation of gross weight, chlorophyll content, and respiration rate. The glyphosate dose of 0.25 to 0.5 L/ha did not inhibit the leaf area and carotenoid content of C. asiatica. Herbicide of 2,4-D at a dose of 0.25 to 1 L/ha did not inhibit chlorophyll, respiration rate, and nitrate reductase. The glyphosate dose of 0.25 to 0.5 L/ha did not inhibit the formation of the number of leaves, leaf area, gross weight, dry weight, and carotenoid content. The glyphosate herbicide gave a lower inhibitory effect than the herbicide of 2,4-D in terms of growth: number of leaves, leaf area, gross weight, and dry weight. Cultivation of C. asiatica is more suitable for using the glyphosate herbicide because the growth of C. asiatica generally remains good. The glyphosate herbicide at a dose of 0.25 L.ha-1 gave the highest yield on the formation of C. asiatica biomass.