bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic Risk Prediction of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Lubitz Steven A. , Yin Xiaoyan , Lin Henry J. , Kolek Matthew , Smith J. Gustav , Trompet Stella , Rienstra Michiel , Rost Natalia S. , Teixeira Pedro L. , Almgren Peter , Anderson Christopher D. , Chen Lin Y. , Engström Gunnar , Ford Ian , Furie Karen L. , Guo Xiuqing , Larson Martin G. , Lunetta Kathryn L. , Macfarlane Peter W. , Psaty Bruce M. , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Sotoodehnia Nona , Stott David J. , Taylor Kent D. , Weng Lu-Chen , Yao Jie , Geelhoed Bastiaan , Verweij Niek , Siland Joylene E. , Kathiresan Sekar , Roselli Carolina , Roden Dan M. , van der Harst Pim , Darbar Dawood , Jukema J. Wouter , Melander Olle , Rosand Jonathan , Rotter Jerome I. , Heckbert Susan R. , Ellinor Patrick T. , Alonso Alvaro , Benjamin Emelia J.
Published: October 2016

Background:

Atrial fibrillation (AF) has a substantial genetic basis. Identification of individuals at greatest AF risk could minimize the incidence of cardioembolic stroke.

Methods:

To determine whether genetic data can stratify risk for development of AF, we examined associations between AF genetic risk scores and incident AF in 5 prospective studies comprising 18 919 individuals of European ancestry. We examined associations between AF genetic risk scores and ischemic stroke in a separate study of 509 ischemic stroke cases (202 cardioembolic [40%]) and 3028 referents. Scores were based on 11 to 719 common variants (≥5%) associated with AF at
P
values ranging from <1×10
−3
to <1×10
−8
in a prior independent genetic association study.

Results:

Incident AF occurred in 1032 individuals (5.5%). AF genetic risk scores were associated with new-onset AF after adjustment for clinical risk factors. The pooled hazard ratio for incident AF for the highest versus lowest quartile of genetic risk scores ranged from 1.28 (719 variants; 95% confidence interval, 1.13–1.46;
P
=1.5×10
−4
) to 1.67 (25 variants; 95% confidence interval, 1.47–1.90;
P
=9.3×10
−15
). Discrimination of combined clinical and genetic risk scores varied across studies and scores (maximum C statistic, 0.629–0.811; maximum ΔC statistic from clinical score alone, 0.009–0.017). AF genetic risk was associated with stroke in age- and sex-adjusted models. For example, individuals in the highest versus lowest quartile of a 127-variant score had a 2.49-fold increased odds of cardioembolic stroke (95% confidence interval, 1.39–4.58;
P
=2.7×10
−3
). The effect persisted after the exclusion of individuals (n=70) with known AF (odds ratio, 2.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.20–4.40;
P
=0.01).

Conclusions:

Comprehensive AF genetic risk scores were associated with incident AF beyond associations for clinical AF risk factors but offered small improvements in discrimination. AF genetic risk was also associated with cardioembolic stroke in age- and sex-adjusted analyses. Efforts are warranted to determine whether AF genetic risk may improve identification of subclinical AF or help distinguish between stroke mechanisms.
Short-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Risk of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Matsuo Ryu , Michikawa Takehiro , Ueda Kayo , Ago Tetsuro , Nitta Hiroshi , Kitazono Takanari , Kamouchi Masahiro
Published: November 2016

Background and Purpose—

There is a strong association between ambient concentrations of particulate matter (PM) and cardiovascular disease. However, it remains unclear whether acute exposure to fine PM (PM
2.5
) triggers ischemic stroke events and whether the timing of exposure is associated with stroke risk. We, therefore, examined the association between ambient PM
2.5
and occurrence of ischemic stroke.

Methods—

We analyzed data for 6885 ischemic stroke patients from a multicenter hospital-based stroke registry in Japan who were previously independent and hospitalized within 24 hours of stroke onset. Time of symptom onset was confirmed, and the association between PM (suspended PM and PM
2.5
) and occurrence of ischemic stroke was analyzed by time-stratified case-crossover analysis.

Results—

Ambient PM
2.5
and suspended PM at lag days 0 to 1 were associated with subsequent occurrence of ischemic stroke (ambient temperature–adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval] per 10 μg/m
3
: suspended PM, 1.02 [1.00–1.05]; PM
2.5
, 1.03 [1.00–1.06]). In contrast, ambient suspended PM and PM
2.5
at lag days 2 to 3 or 4 to 6 showed no significant association with stroke occurrence. The association between PM
2.5
at lag days 0 to 1 and ischemic stroke was maintained after adjusting for other air pollutants (nitrogen dioxide, photochemical oxidants, or sulfur dioxide) or influenza epidemics and was evident in the cold season.

Conclusions—

These findings suggest that short-term exposure to PM
2.5
within 1 day before onset is associated with the subsequent occurrence of ischemic stroke.
Lost Voices of Kurdish Cinema
Authors: Şi̇mşek Bahar
Published: October 2016

The belated emergence and the visibility of the cinema by Kurdish filmmakers is widely interpreted as a reason to categorize it as part of transnational cinemas characterized by a lack of standardized language and national domestic industry. This contributes to a negation of the promise of a cinema that specifically caters to a Kurdish public in terms of enunciation and reception. Considering Kurdish cinema outside transnational conditions, this paper examines enunciation in cinema of (national) subject through an audiovisual analysis of three feature-length films equipped with acoustic means in Kurdish: Voice of My Father (Dengê Bavê Min, Orhan Eskiköy and Zeynel Doğan, 2012), Song of My Mother (Klama Dayîka Min, Erol Mintaş, 2014), and My Sweet Pepper Land (Hiner Saleem, 2013). I employ Mladen Dolar’s concept of voice in understanding enunciation of subject through body and language and Michel Chion’s concept of acousmatic voice in understanding the constitutive division of the subject by means of suture. Through this analysis, lost memories, absence of the father (read as nation-state), and fetishization of mother(land) emerge as icons of the past haunting the present on behalf of recognition. In this regard, I address Kurdish cinema as a force of subjectification that transcends and transforms the experience of trauma through an impure production of meaning. Accordingly, the paper concludes that a primary characteristic of Kurdish cinema is its potential as a self-reflexive means for recognition and identification.
Writing across Kurdistan
Authors: Galip Özlem Belçim
Published: October 2016

Gauri Viswanathan asks ‘where is English literature produced?’ and answers not only ‘in England, of course’. This is also true of Kurdish literature, which is not only produced ‘in Kurdistan, of course’. In fact, due to forced migrations, political conflicts and massacres, Kurds have mainly produced literary works outside Kurdistan. Because there is no state and there are no internationally recognized Kurdish territories, the understanding of what we mean by the term ‘Kurdistan’ is blurred; hence, the location of Kurdish literary work may change, as does the development of Kurdish literature, whether or not it is produced in Kurdish territory. Thus, compared to some other literary traditions, the Kurdish tradition is shaped in multiple geographies in terms of writing and publishing processes, multilingual and transnational affiliations, constant mobility and a diverse sociopolitical context that challenges and complicates the national literature, and vividly exemplifies the heterogeneity and discontinuity of national cultures. Drawing on debates on national literature and ideological texts, in this article I offer insights into Kurdish novels through readings of six novels from six spaces (Iraqi, Iranian, Syrian and Turkish Kurdistan, Soviet Armenia and the Kurdish diaspora) in order to explore the relationship between the texts and the boundaries they are set in, and to compare texts and the way they respond to different sociopolitical contexts. In these six fictional texts, I argue that the themes are usually identified with the realm of sociopolitical conflict and tension and the articulation of loss, trauma, war, the longing for return, and disappointment with the return. Furthermore I suggest that in contrast to idealized imaginary, home and nation, and patriotism in the case of statelessness or exile, these texts are articulated through critical discourses that challenge the idea of a unified national literature, and cannot be united under the sound of a single voice or stable ground.
Digital Diaspora and Social Capital
Authors: Keles Janroj Yılmaz
Published: October 2016

The Internet and its applications, such as social media, have revolutionized the way stateless diasporas communicate transnationally. This new virtual, deterritorialized conversation between diasporic individuals contributes to building (digital) social networks which constitute resources and opportunities for diasporas, central to social and geographical mobility. This paper explores the role of the Internet in connecting diasporas without a home nation-state, encouraging subordinated people to participate in civic society and creating a collective source of digital social capital in the diaspora. I argue that the Internet, particularly social media, contributes to the growth of social networks, social capital and the community’s cultural and political participation within and across nation-state borders.
The City of Terrorism or a City for Breakfast
Authors: Marilungo Francesco
Published: October 2016

This article focuses on the image of the city of Diyarbakir as it is presented in the TV series Sultan (28 May 2012 to 29 October 2012). It considers the sense of place as portrayed on screen and assesses the sociopolitical implications of the spatial representations of the TV series. It questions the concept of a real image of the city, as discussed by commentators and viewers of Sultan, to show how ‘public chatter’ (Öncü 2011) about the show reinforces arbitrary depictions of Diyarbakir. Finally, this article considers how efforts to commodify the city for the tourist market affect Sultan’s depiction of urban space. All traces of political conflict, violence and traumatic memory are erased, while a tacit ‘ethnic hierarchy’ (Scalbert-Yücel 2015) that structures the Turkish mosaic of cultures informs the series.
Kurds and Their Cultural Crossroads
Authors: Smets Kevin , Sengul Ali Fuat
Published: October 2016

Kurds have come to occupy an increasingly important position in the contemporary Middle East, notably in the struggle against Islamic State (IS). This has brought about an increased presence of Kurds in global media. At the same time, the Kurdish media landscape in the Middle East and in the diaspora has developed rapidly. The timing is thus appropriate to reconsider Kurdish media and cultural production in the light of the recent political, cultural, social and technological shifts. In this editorial introduction to the special issue on Kurdish media and cultural production we reflect on this growing field of research, focusing on three questions: How do media and cultural production contribute to contemporary (discourses on) Kurdish movements, and vice versa? How can we explain the emergence of a Kurdish mediascape in the Middle East and Europe theoretically and methodologically? And, what is the relevance and potential effect of this emerging Kurdish mediascape for the existing politics of media at the national and international level? We give a brief overview of the current state of research on Kurdish media and cultural production and discuss the articles in this special issue and how they contribute to a stronger understanding of the relations between media, culture and society in the Middle East.
Gender in the Representations of an Armed Conflict
Authors: Toivanen Mari , Baser Bahar
Published: October 2016

The Syrian civil war has been, without doubt, the war most widely covered by international media in this millennium. Having engaged in an armed combat against the Islamic State (IS), Kurdish military troops, especially the female battalion, have received considerable international media attention. This study examines the gender dimension of national media representations of female Kurdish combatants belonging to the Protection Units (YPJ) in Syria. How have the female combatants been framed in British and French media? To what extent are these representations gendered? The overall data consists of news articles from national media outlets in France and in the United Kingdom between 2014 and 2015, and is analyzed with frame analysis. The results show that the juxtaposition of female combatants with IS fighters allows the depiction of the participation of the former as exceptional and heroic and as one that deconstructs the masculinity of its adversary. The role of female combatants in the ongoing conflict is represented in the British and French media through the construction of sexualized and modern-day heroine figures that are largely glorified.
A Taxonomic Revision of the genus Dialium (Leguminosae: Dialiinae) in the Netotropics
Authors: JUNIOR MARCUS JOSÉ DE AZEVEDO FALCÃO , PINTO RAFAEL BARBOSA , MANSANO VIDAL DE FREITAS
Published: November 2016

Dialium (Leguminosae, Dialiinae) is pantropical and comprises about 40 species. Presently, only one species occurs in the Neotropics, Dialium guianense, which is found from eastern Mexico to northeastern Minas Gerais, Brazil. The objective of this study was to carry out a thorough taxonomic revision of Dialium in the Neotropics, to determine if species diversity of the genus in this region is underestimated. The study analyzed 765 collections, from 18 herbaria throughout the world, which revealed three groups of specimens that clearly differ from each other and from D. guianense. Morphology and biogeography support their recognition as new species. Dialium hexaestaminatum occurs in northern Colombia and western Venezuela, and is characterized by generally having six stamens, while the other neotropical species have only two. Dialium congestum occurs in Ecuador and southern Colombia and is mainly characterized by the presence of congested inflorescences, unlike the lax inflorescences found in the other neotropical species.  Dialium rondoniense occurs in the state of Rondônia and the most southern part of the state of Amazonas, Brazil. It is characterized by the dense coverage of trichomes on the abaxial surface of the leaflets, as well as the petiolules, petioles, leaf rachis and branches, while the other neotropical species are generally glabrous or covered with sparse trichomes that are imperceptible to the bare eye. The results show that the diversity of Dialium in the Neotropics was underestimated and that the genus has four species in the region. An identification key, illustrations and descriptions of the species are provided.
Multivariate Analysis of Hemicelluloses in Bleached Kraft Pulp Using Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Zhiwen , Hu Thomas Q. , Jang Ho Fan , Grant Edward
Published: October 2016

The hemicellulose composition of a pulp significantly affects its chemical and physical properties and thus represents an important process control variable. However, complicated steps of sample preparation make standard methods for the carbohydrate analysis of pulp samples, such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), expensive and time-consuming. In contrast, pulp analysis by attenuated total internal reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR) requires little sample preparation. Here we show that ATR FT-IR with discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and standard normal variate (SNV) spectral preprocessing offers a convenient means for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of hemicelluloses in bleached kraft pulp and alkaline treated kraft pulp. The pulp samples investigated include bleached softwood kraft pulps, bleached hardwood kraft pulps, and their mixtures, as obtained from Canadian industry mills or blended in a lab, and bleached kraft pulp samples treated with 0–6% NaOH solutions. In the principal component analysis (PCA) of these spectra, we find the potential both to differentiate all pulps on the basis of hemicellulose compositions and to distinguish bleached hardwood pulps by species. Partial least squares (PLS) multivariate analysis gives a 0.442 wt% root mean square errors of prediction (RMSEP) for the prediction of xylan content and 0.233 wt% RMSEP for the prediction of mannan content. These data all support the idea that ATR FT-IR has a great potential to rapidly and accurately predict the content of xylan and mannan for bleached kraft pulps (softwood, hardwood, and their mixtures) in industry. However, the prediction of xylan and mannan concentrations presented a difficulty for pulp samples with modified cellulose crystalline structure.
Parenting Styles and Adjustment in Gifted Children
Authors: Pilarinos Vassiliki , Solomon C. R.
Published: October 2016

The present study examined the relationship between parenting styles and the psychosocial adjustment of 48 children aged 7 to 11 years, each of whom had been identified as gifted on the basis of a score of 130 or above on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Fourth Edition. Parenting styles and child psychosocial adjustment were measured using self-report questionnaires. Nineteen of the 48 gifted children in the sample (39.6%) were described by their parents as having peer social problems, descriptions that were not consistent with results obtained from the children and their teachers. Mothers also reported more child conduct problems than did the teachers. No associations were found between parenting styles and social problems with peers. Although the findings supported existing research on fathers’ parenting styles, some of the relationships between mothers’ parenting style and gifted child outcomes were not consistent with previous studies on parenting styles.
Running Memory for Clinical Handoffs: A Look at Active and Passive Processing
Authors: Anderson-Montoya Brittany L. , Scerbo Mark W. , Ramirez Dana E. , Hubbard Thomas W.
Published: October 2016

Objective:

The goal of the present study was to examine the effects of domain-relevant expertise on running memory and the ability to process handoffs of information. In addition, the role of active or passive processing was examined.

Background:

Currently, there is little research that addresses how individuals with different levels of expertise process information in running memory when the information is needed to perform a real-world task.

Method:

Three groups of participants differing in their level of clinical expertise (novice, intermediate, and expert) performed an abstract running memory span task and two tasks resembling real-world activities, a clinical handoff task and an air traffic control (ATC) handoff task. For all tasks, list length and the amount of information to be recalled were manipulated.

Results:

Regarding processing strategy, all participants used passive processing for the running memory span and ATC tasks. The novices also used passive processing for the clinical task. The experts, however, appeared to use more active processing, and the intermediates fell in between.

Conclusion:

Overall, the results indicated that individuals with clinical expertise and a developed mental model rely more on active processing of incoming information for the clinical task while individuals with little or no knowledge rely on passive processing.

Application:

The results have implications about how training should be developed to aid less experienced personnel identify what information should be included in a handoff and what should not.
Employment and Labor Market Results of the SOPHIE Project
Authors: Julià Mireia , Ollé-Espluga Laia , Vanroelen Christophe , De Moortel Deborah , Mousaid Sarah , Vinberg Stig , Puig-Barrachina Vanessa , Sánchez Esther , Muntaner Carles , Artazcoz Lucía , Benach Joan
Published: October 2016

This article reports evidence gained by the SOPHIE Project regarding employment and labor market-related policies. In the first step, quality of employment and of precarious and informal employment in Europe were conceptualized and defined. Based on these definitions, we analyzed changes in the prevalence and population distribution of key health-affecting characteristics of employment and work between times of economic prosperity and economic crisis in Europe and investigated their impact on health outcomes. Additionally, we examined the effects of several employment and labor market-related policies on factors affecting health equity, including a specific analysis concerning work-related gender equity policies and case studies in different European countries. Our findings show that there is a need to standardize definitions and indicators of (the quality of) employment conditions and improve information systems. This is challenging given the important differences between and within European countries. In our results, low quality of employment and precarious employment is associated with poor mental health. In order to protect the well-being of workers and reduce work-related health inequalities, policies leading to precarious working and employment conditions need to be suspended. Instead, efforts should be made to improve the security and quality of employment for all workers.
Assessing DNA recovery from chewing gum
Authors: Eychner Alison M , Schott Kelly M , Elkins Kelly M
Published: October 2016

The purpose of this study was to evaluate which DNA extraction method yields the highest quantity of DNA from chewing gum. In this study, several popular extraction methods were tested, including Chelex-100, phenol-chloroform-isoamyl alcohol (PCIA), DNA IQ, PrepFiler, and QIAamp Investigator, and the quantity of DNA recovered from chewing gum was determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction with Quantifiler. Chewed gum control samples were submitted by anonymous healthy adult donors, and discarded environmental chewing gum samples simulating forensic evidence were collected from outside public areas (e.g., campus bus stops, streets, and sidewalks). As expected, results indicate that all methods tested yielded sufficient amplifiable human DNA from chewing gum using the wet-swab method. The QIAamp performed best when DNA was extracted from whole pieces of control gum (142.7 ng on average), and the DNA IQ method performed best on the environmental whole gum samples (29.0 ng on average). On average, the QIAamp kit also recovered the most DNA from saliva swabs. The PCIA method demonstrated the highest yield with wet swabs of the environmental gum (26.4 ng of DNA on average). However, this method should be avoided with whole gum samples (no DNA yield) due to the action of the organic reagents in dissolving and softening the gum and inhibiting DNA recovery during the extraction.
The Rational Basis of Irrational Politics
Authors: Kincaid John D.
Published: October 2016

Right-wing social movements in the United States have been underexplored in the sociological literature. This article examines how right-wing social movements have been able to capture a foothold in the Texas state Republican Party, and maintain political support even as their policies and politics have grown increasingly partisan and increasingly extreme. Through in-depth analysis of the state Republican Party’s internal battles over the past twenty years, coupled with a fixed-effects regression analysis of statewide election results 1994–2012, the article uses the context of statewide battles over equalization of education finance to explain how right-wing movements in Texas have maintained durable support for radical, right-wing candidates and policies. The article demonstrates the role played by material and symbolic “threats” in maintaining and increasing support for the Republican Party, even among previously moderate populations.
The Authenticity of Heritage Sites, Tourists’ Quest for Existential Authenticity, and Destination Loyalty
Authors: Yi Xiaoli , Lin Vera Shanshan , Jin Wenmin , Luo Qiuju
Published: October 2016

The aim of this study was to empirically explore existential authenticity from the perspectives of visitors. Given that existentialism invites people to examine the authenticity of their personal lives and their society, an attempt was made in this study to examine the authenticity of visitors’ personal lives and their environments by conducting an empirical study concerning the Kaiping watchtowers site, a well-known Chinese heritage site. Two dimensions of existential authenticity were examined: intrapersonal and interpersonal authenticity. The results reveal that the authenticity of toured heritage sites and environments may be irrelevant to existential authenticity and that intrapersonal authenticity exerts a substantial influence on destination loyalty. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Differentiating Between Moffitt’s Developmental Taxonomy and Silverthorn and Frick’s Delayed-Onset Models of Female Offending
Authors: El Sayed Sarah A. , Piquero Alex R. , TenEyck Michael
Published: October 2016

It is a criminological fact that females commit fewer delinquent acts than their male counterparts. This “gender gap” has long been recognized but specific questions concerning similarities or differences in the development, persistence, and desistence of antisocial behavior among females and males remain underinvestigated. Two prominent theoretical models, Moffitt’s developmental taxonomy and Silverthorn and Frick’s delayed-onset pathway, make distinct predictions about the composition of female offenders and the nature of their offending. The current study tests these explanations using longitudinal data from the Pathways to Desistance Study, a large sample of serious juvenile offenders followed for 7 years into early adulthood. Results from a series of negative binominal regressions reveal stronger support for Moffitt rather than Silverthorn and Frick in that findings showed two groups of female offenders. Directions for future research are highlighted.
Accounting for refrigeration heat exchange in energy performance simulations of large food retail buildings
Authors: Parker James , Glew David , Fletcher Martin , Thomas Felix , Gorse Christopher
Published: October 2016

Heat exchange between chilled food storage and conditioned spaces in large food retail stores is not currently required as part of design stage regulatory compliance energy performance models. Existing work has identified that this exchange has a significant impact on store energy demand and subsequently leads to unrealistic assessment of building performance. Research presented in this article uses whole building dynamic thermal simulation models that are calibrated against real store performance data, quantifying the impact of the refrigeration driven heat exchange. Proxy refrigerated units are used to simulate the impact of these units for the sales floor areas. A methodology is presented that allows these models to be simplified with the aim of calculating a realistic process heat exchange for refrigeration and including this in thermal simulation models; a protocol for the measurement of chilled sales areas and their inclusion in the building models is also proposed. It is intended that this modelling approach and the calculated process heat exchange inputs can be used to improve the dynamic thermal simulation of large food retail stores, reduce gaps between predicted and actual performance and provide more representative inputs for design stage and regulatory compliance energy calculations.

Practical application: The modelling methodology and research findings presented in the article are of practical use for building energy modelling engineers using dynamic simulation models to design and/or evaluate the energy performance of large food retail stores. The methodology can be used in the design of new facilities or the evaluation of large scale retrofit projects. It is also of practical interest to energy and facility managers within large food retail organisations as it will aid their understanding of applied energy performance models.
Delayed Adoption of Rules: A Relational Theory of Firm Exposure and State Cooptation
Authors: Zhang Cyndi Man , Greve Henrich R.
Published: October 2016

The state creates and changes rules that coerce firms, but firms can delay or decouple responses to rule changes to manage the cost of demands. Theory of compliance to the state has not yet considered the degree to which the firm can delay adoption because of low exposure to rules and state links that allow cooptation, but both of these relations between state power and firm ability to counteract it can affect the adoption decision. This makes the response to state rule changes a more strategic outcome than the theory of coercive isomorphism implies. We develop a relational theory of delayed firm compliance to a state rule change that considers firm exposure due to discrepancy from the rule and firm cooptation of the state due to state links, and we test the theory by examining the adoption of the split-share structure reform, a state-mandated corporate governance reform among listed firms in China. We find that exposure and cooptation influenced the speed of adoption and the decoupling from reform intentions. We also found that their effects on firm response to coercion weaken when the new rule becomes institutionalized. Our theory of delayed compliance is also likely to apply to coercive pressure from other powerful organizations than the state.
Tuning in to formal politics: Mock elections at school and the intention of electoral participation among first time voters in Norway
Authors: Borge Julie Ane Odegaard
Published: October 2016

The aim of this study is to investigate the relation between political education in schools and the willingness of students to vote in parliamentary elections. Empirically tested through the case of mock elections at schools in Norway shortly before the 2013 parliamentary election, the multivariate logistic regression analyses of the data show a strong connection between voting in mock elections at school and students’ willingness to vote, even after controlling for background factors. The results strengthen the case for political education in schools while simultaneously acknowledging its limits.
Away from fossil-fuels and toward a bioeconomy: Knowledge versatility for public policy?
Authors: Mukhtarov Farhad , Gerlak Andrea , Pierce Robin
Published: October 2016

In the face of energy security and climate change, and with technological advances, many industrial countries have embraced the transition to a bioeconomy – an economy based on energy, chemicals and materials obtained from biomass. However, the policy and academic discourses on a bioeconomy transition suggest growing controversy around its social, environmental and ethical impacts. In this article, we apply an epistemic forms framework to better understand the scope and extent of the bioeconomy debate. We find that industry and governments take a narrow approach to a bioeconomy and tend to view it exclusively as a technical concept. We argue that the discursive and practical dimensions of the transition would shed light on the issues of what type of a bioeconomy to strive for, through which procedures and with what impacts for diverse stakeholders. We conclude with a set of recommendations related to a bioeconomy transition.
Why a clearer ‘green industrial policy’ matters for India: Reconciling growth, climate change and inequality
Authors: Gopinath Deepak
Published: October 2016

To ensure a healthy growth of the economy particularly in the manufacturing sector, the Indian Government is more than ever focussed on promoting the use of sustainable and affordable energy resources. Recent initiatives such as the Solar Cities Development Programme are a good example. However, in order for these initiatives to gain legitimacy as part of a new ‘green industrial policy’, the Indian Government needs to do more, especially by bringing on board strategies for combating poverty within the gamut of this emerging ‘green industrial policy’ as well as to re-think India’s position on global conventions on climate change.
Affective reactions to music: Norms for 120 excerpts of modern and classical music
Authors: Imbir Kamil , Gołąb Maria
Published: October 2016

It is well recognised in psychology that music has affective connotations and that musical stimuli can modify affective states. The aim of this study was to assess the affective connotations of 120 fifteen-second musical excerpts, covering both modern musical genres such as pop, rock, jazz, rap/R&B and electronic music (5 x N = 20), and classical music ( N = 20). Expert judges used predetermined criteria to select excerpts with positive or negative valence that induced high arousal or low arousal. The excerpts were assessed by 50 undergraduate students (25 women) from different academic departments, aged between 18 and 28 years ( M = 21.46 years, SD = 1.85). They listened to all 120 fragments and rated them with respect to six dimensions: valence, arousal, dominance, origin, subjective significance and imageability. Analyses showed that ratings were reliable, with high split-half correlations and Cronbach’s alpha estimates. We did not identify any gender differences concerning affective reactions to the music. Some music genre specificity was found for all measures, and initial music preference appeared to shape affective ratings. The results presented here will be of interest to researchers working on musical perception and the influence of music on affective outcomes and emotional regulation.
Do Extremely Violent Juveniles Respond Differently to Treatment?
Authors: Asscher Jessica J. , Deković M. , Van den Akker Alithe L. , Prins Pier J. M. , Van der Laan Peter H.
Published: October 2016

This study increases knowledge on effectiveness of treatment for extremely violent (EV) youth by investigating their response to multisystemic therapy (MST). Using data of a randomized controlled trial on effectiveness of MST, we investigated differences in treatment response between EV youth and not extremely violent (NEV) youth. Pre- to post-treatment comparison indicated MST was equally effective for EV and NEV youth, whereas treatment as usual was not effective for either group. Growth curves of within-treatment changes indicated EV youth responded differently to MST than NEV youth. The within-treatment change was for EV youth non-linear: Initially, they show a deterioration; however, after one month, EV juveniles respond positively to MST, indicating longer lasting, intensive programs may be effective in treating extreme violence.
Toward projectified environmental governance?
Authors: Munck af Rosenschöld Johan , Wolf Steven A
Published: October 2016

Projects are often praised for their efficiency, responsiveness to local context, and capacity to spur innovation, especially in comparison to more permanent organizations. Projects – cross-cutting organizational forms chartered to advance well-defined objectives during a specified period of time – have been a staple organizational form in the private sector, but only recently have scholars started to evaluate their relevance to governance within developed economies. In this paper, we explore projectification – i.e. expanded reliance on temporally bounded organizations – as a conceptual frame to advance understanding of environmental governance and as an empirical vehicle to incorporate temporal scales into a literature that has largely been focused on questions of spatial scale and levels of social organization. Through a case study of the United States Department of Agriculture’s recently created Regional Conservation Partnership Program, we critically assess the concept of projectification. Based on interviews with key policy analysts and administrators and a review of policy documents, we critically evaluate prospects for project forms to empower local actors, produce new knowledge, and disrupt the policy field.
Using Video to Increase Gender Bias Literacy Toward Women in Science
Authors: Pietri Evava S. , Moss-Racusin Corinne A. , Dovidio John F. , Guha Dipika , Roussos Gina , Brescoll Victoria L. , Handelsman Jo
Published: October 2016

Despite evidence that gender biases contribute to the persistent underrepresentation of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, interventions that enhance gender bias literacy about these fields remain rare. The current research tested the effectiveness of two theoretically grounded sets of videos at increasing gender bias literacy as characterized by (a) awareness of bias, (b) knowledge of gender inequity, (c) feelings of efficacy at being able to notice bias, and (d) recognition and confrontation of bias across situations. The narrative videos utilized entertaining stories to illustrate gender bias, while the expert interview videos discussed the same bias during an interview with a psychology professor. The narrative videos increased participants’ immersion in the story and identification with characters, whereas the expert interviews promoted logical thinking and perceptions of being knowledgeable about gender bias facts. Compared with control videos, the narrative and expert interview videos increased awareness of bias (Experiments 1 and 2) and influenced knowledge of gender inequity, self-efficacy beliefs, and the recognition of bias in everyday situations (Experiment 2). However, only the expert interview videos affected participants’ intentions to confront unfair treatment. Additional online materials for this article are available to PWQ subscribers on PWQ’s website at http://pwq.sagepub.com/supplemental
Fat Talk and Body Image Disturbance
Authors: Mills Jacqueline , Fuller-Tyszkiewicz Matthew
Published: October 2016

Although the link between fat talk and body dissatisfaction is well established, the link between fat talk and other body image disturbance components remains underexplored. Our meta-analytic review explored the cross-sectional, experimental, and longitudinal relations between fat talk and body dissatisfaction, body surveillance, body shame, pressure to be thin, thin-ideal internalization, body checking, and appearance-based comparisons. We identified 35 relevant studies via electronic databases. Meta-analyses provided effect size estimates based on study design and whether fat talk was the predictor or outcome of body image disturbance. Results showed that fat talk is related to a broader range of body image constructs than just body dissatisfaction and that accumulated evidence from longitudinal and experimental studies—although limited in number—suggests it is more plausible that fat talk is a risk factor for these body image constructs, rather than a consequence of them. Nevertheless, the suggestion that fat talk may play a role in the causal sequence of body image issues highlights this as a potential area of intervention for researchers and clinicians. Given that fat talk is common and often well intentioned, awareness-raising exercises for parents and peers may be necessary to curb its incidence and impacts. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ's website at http://journals.sagepub.com/page/pwq/suppl/index .
Osteochondral Allograft Donor-Host Matching by the Femoral Condyle Radius of Curvature
Authors: Bernstein Derek T. , O’Neill Craig A. , Kim Ryan S. , Jones Hugh L. , Noble Philip C. , Harris Joshua D. , McCulloch Patrick C.
Published: October 2016

Background:

Conventional osteochondral allograft (OCA) matching, requiring orthotopic, size-matched condyles, and narrow surgical time windows often prohibit timely transplantation.

Hypothesis:

The femoral condyle radius of curvature (RoC) is an appropriate, isolated criterion for donor-host matching in fresh OCAs, potentially enhancing matching efficiency when compared with conventional matching techniques.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

In part 1 of this study, 3-dimensional digital reconstructions of 14 randomly selected, cadaveric distal femoral hemicondyles were performed. Each condyle was divided into anterior, middle, and posterior zones. A virtual best-fit grid was applied to each, and each zone’s sagittal- and coronal-plane RoCs were determined. Seven nonorthotopic OCA transplantations were performed based on RoC matching with 1-mm tolerance, and the preoperative and postoperative surface geometry were quantified to assess the accuracy of articular surface restoration. Of note, each donor-host pair did not match by the conventional method. In part 2 of this study, 12 cadaveric distal femora were categorized by size and digitized in the aforementioned manner. Simulated circular defects measuring 20, 25, and 30 mm in diameter were introduced into each zone. OCA matches were determined based on donor and host RoCs, and the total number of potential matches (of 71 total comparisons) was recorded as a percentage for each simulated defect. Finally, the results of RoC matching were compared with the conventional method for simulated defects in all zones of both the medial and lateral femoral condyles.

Results:

Part 1: The mean surface deviation after OCA transplantation was −0.09 mm, with a mean maximum protrusion at any point of 0.59 mm. Part 2: Using the RoC, 20-mm defects had a 100% chance of being matched. Defects of 25 and 30 mm had a 91% and 64% chance of being matched, respectively. Compared with the conventional method, the RoC method yielded a 3.2-fold greater match rate for lesions of the medial and lateral femoral condyles ( P = .02).

Conclusion:

This investigation shows that femoral condyle RoCs in the sagittal and coronal planes may be useful, alternative matching criteria, expanding on current standards.

Clinical Relevance:

These matching criteria may increase the number of available matches, reduce wait times for patients, and reduce the number of wasted grafts.
Superior Labrum Anterior-Posterior Tears in the National Football League
Authors: Chambers Caitlin C. , Lynch T. Sean , Gibbs Daniel B. , Ghodasra Jason H. , Sahota Shawn , Franke Kristina , Mack Christina D. , Nuber Gordon W.
Published: October 2016

Background:

Shoulder disorders are common in football players, with up to 50% of National Football League (NFL) recruits reporting a history of shoulder injuries. Superior labrum anterior-posterior (SLAP) tears are an entity with well-described detrimental effects on return to play in overhead-throwing athletes but with minimal data in contact athletes.

Purpose:

To identify the incidence, predisposing factors, and effect of SLAP tears in NFL athletes and prospects as well as the treatment patterns of NFL team physicians.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

This study was a comprehensive analysis of SLAP tears in elite football players using a dual approach: (1) SLAP injuries recorded in the NFL Injury Surveillance System from 2000 to 2014 were evaluated by player position, type of play, days/games lost, and surgical intervention; (2) NFL Scouting Combine athletes from 2003 to 2011 with prior SLAP repair were evaluated for draft success, and drafted athletes were compared with matched controls for career length and performance scores.

Results:

SLAP tears represented a small portion (3.1%) of shoulder injuries in NFL athletes from 2000 to 2014, occurring most commonly in offensive linemen (28%). Surgically treated SLAP tears (42%) resulted in more days missed than did nonoperatively managed tears (140.2 vs 21.5 days; P < .001) and more games missed (8.4 vs 2.6 games; P = .003). SLAP repairs were also rare in NFL Combine athletes (n = 25 of 2965 athletes), with most having been performed in offensive linemen (32%). As compared with control NFL Combine athletes without SLAP tears, those drafted into the NFL with prior SLAP repair played significantly fewer games (33.7 vs 48.3; P = .049) and had fewer game starts (19.6 vs 35.4; P = .036).

Conclusion:

In this comprehensive analysis of SLAP tears in elite football players, it is clear that these injuries have the potential to cause significant detriment to an athlete’s career.
Disseminating the Otago Exercise Program in the United States: Perceived and Actual Physical Performance Improvements From Participants
Authors: Shubert Tiffany E. , Smith Matthew Lee , Jiang Luohua , Ory Marcia G.
Published: October 2016

The Otago Exercise Program (OEP) is an evidence-based fall prevention program disseminated internationally. Little is known about the implementation or effectiveness of the OEP in the United States. The purposes were to (a) identify characteristics of older adults enrolled in OEP, and (b) examine perceived and actual functional performance changes after participation in 8 weeks of the program. Baseline and 8-week functional and self-report data were collected on 210 older adults from 2013 to 2015. Linear mixed models and general estimating equations logistic regression models adjusted for socio-demographic factors were performed to assess changes. At 8 weeks, scores dramatically improved on self-report and physical performance tests: Timed Up-and-Go ( p < .001), 30-Second Chair Rise ( p < .001), and Four-Stage Balance ( p < .001). Findings support that participation in the U.S. OEP as part of a plan of care can result in significant improvements in objective functional mobility, balance measures, and self-reported ability.
Treating Dehydration at Home Avoids Healthcare Costs Associated With Emergency Department Visits and Hospital Readmissions for Adult Patients Receiving Home Parenteral Support
Authors: Konrad Denise , Roberts Scott , Corrigan Mandy L. , Hamilton Cindy , Steiger Ezra , Kirby Donald F.
Published: October 2016

Background: Administration of home parenteral support (HPS) has proven to be cost‐effective over hospital care. Avoiding hospital readmissions became more of a focus for healthcare institutions in 2012 with the implementation of the Affordable Care Act. In 2010, our service developed a protocol to treat dehydration at home for HPS patients by ordering additional intravenous fluids to be kept on hand and to focus patient education on the symptoms of dehydration. Methods: A retrospective analysis was completed through a clinical management database to identify HPS patients with dehydration. The hospital finance department and homecare pharmacy were utilized to determine potential cost avoidance. Results: In 2009, 64 episodes (77%) of dehydration were successfully treated at home versus 6 emergency department (ED) visits (7.5%) and 13 readmissions (15.5%). In 2010, we successfully treated 170 episodes (84.5%) at home, with 9 episodes (4.5%) requiring ED visits and 22 hospital readmissions (11%). The number of dehydration episodes per patient was significantly higher in 2010 (P < .001) and may be attributed to a shift in the patient population, with more patients having malabsorption as the indication for therapy in 2010 (P = .003). Conclusion: There were more than twice as many episodes of dehydration identified and treated at home in 2010 versus 2009. Our protocol helped educate and provide the resources required to resolve dehydration at home when early signs were recognized. By reducing ED visits and hospital readmissions, healthcare costs were avoided by a factor of 29 when home treatment was successful.
Race and racism in an elite postcolonial context: reflections from investment banking
Authors: Prasad Ajnesh , Qureshi Tanvir
Published: October 2016

The question of how race manifests at work in postcolonial contexts has been an understudied phenomenon by management and organization studies researchers. This article seeks to address the void in the extant literature by drawing on the rich experiences of a visible minority investment banker who worked in several countries with colonial legacies. Presented as a narrative, the banker’s experience conceptualizes how race ubiquitously materializes in both the field of high finance and the broader postcolonial communities in which it is situated. Indeed, the narrative illuminates the contemporary complexities of race as it unfolds discursively within the organizational setting of high finance. Finally, the article considers some of the implications of racism on visible minority professionals in the era of postcoloniality.