bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of correlation between vibration signal features and three-dimensional finite element simulations to predict cutting tool wear in turning operation
Authors: Prasad Balla Srinivasa , Babu M Prakash , Reddy Y Ramamohan
Published: November 2014

This article presents the correlation of vibration signal feature, that is, displacement due to vibration (microns) during the machining and three-dimensional finite element simulations in tool wear monitoring of a metal turning operation. Machining of AISI 1040 has been carried on using an uncoated inserts and online vibration signals acquired using a laser Doppler vibrometer. The measured tool wear forms correlate to features in the vibration signals in frequency domains. Analyses of the results suggested that the vibration signals’ features are effective for use in cutting tool wear monitoring and wear qualification. Present work demonstrates the three-dimensional finite element analysis to predict the workpiece displacements in feed direction and corresponding tool wear with the help of induced vibrations in face turning under dry machining conditions. Vibration-assisted turning model is developed and validated by comparing the simulation results with experimental results. In this research, three-dimensional finite element modelling and simulation issues for vibration-assisted turning are explored in detail. Machine dynamic effects are taken into account to predict the outcomes such as tool wear displacements and chip formation. The model can be implemented in an online tool wear monitoring system which predicts the actual state of tool wear in real time by correlating displacement variations during the machining. The correlation between the displacement due to vibration and flank wear has been evaluated through three-dimensional finite element modelling and simulation. Comparisons of simulations with experimental results demonstrate their predictive capability. From the results, useful conclusions may be drawn, and it can be stated that the proposed models can be used for industrial application.
Analysis of transient amplification for a torsional system passing through resonance
Authors: Li Laihang , Singh Rajendra
Published: November 2014

The classical problem of vibration amplification of a linear torsional oscillator excited by an instantaneous sinusoidal torque is re-examined with focus on the development of new analytical solutions of the transient envelopes. First, a new analytical method in the instantaneous frequency (or speed) domain is proposed to directly find the closed-form solutions of transient displacement, velocity, and acceleration envelopes for passage through resonance during the run-up or run-down process. The proposed closed-form solutions are then successfully verified by comparing them with numerical predictions and limited analytical solutions as available in prior literature. Second, improved analytical approximations of maximum amplification and corresponding peak frequency are found, which are also verified by comparing them with prior analytical or empirical formulas. In addition, applicability of the proposed analytical solution is clarified, and their error bounds are identified. Finally, the utility of analytical solutions and approximations is demonstrated by application to the start-up process of a multi-degree-of-freedom vehicle driveline system.
Pregnancy outcomes in women with inflammatory bowel disease following exposure to thiopurines and antitumor necrosis factor drugs
Authors: Mozaffari S , Abdolghaffari AH , Nikfar S , Abdollahi M
Published: November 2014

Several studies have indicated the harmful effect of flare-up periods in pregnant women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on their newborns. Therefore, an effective and safe medical treatment during pregnancy is of great concern in IBD patients. The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis on the outcomes of thiopurines use and a systematic review of antitumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) drugs used during pregnancy in women with IBD. The results of cohorts evaluating the safety of anti-TNF drugs during pregnancy up to July 2013 were collected and analyzed. In the meta-analysis, a total of 312 pregnant women with IBD who used thiopurines were compared with 1149 controls (women with IBD who were not treated with any medication and women who were exposed to drugs other than thiopurines) to evaluate the drug effect on different pregnancy outcomes, including prematurity, low birth weight, congenital abnormalities, spontaneous abortion, and neonatal adverse outcomes. Results of statistical analysis demonstrated that congenital abnormalities were increased significantly in thiopurine-exposed group in comparison with control group who did not receive any medicine for IBD treatment. The summary odds ratio was 2.95 with 95% confidence interval = 1.03–8.43 ( p = 0.04). We observed no significant differences in occurrence of other adverse pregnancy outcomes between compared groups. The results of cohorts evaluated the safety of anti-TNF drugs during pregnancy demonstrated no increase in occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in comparison with controls except for the significant decrease in gestational age of newborns of drug-exposed mothers in one trial. In conclusion, a benefit–risk ratio should be considered in prescribing or continuing medicinal therapy during pregnancy of IBD patients.
Inferior Results of Salvage Arthrodesis After Failed Ankle Replacement Compared to Primary Arthrodesis
Authors: Rahm Stefan , Klammer Georg , Benninger Emanuel , Gerber Fabienne , Farshad Mazda , Espinosa Norman
Published: November 2014

Background:

Up to now, there has been no evidence that salvage arthrodesis would perform inferior when compared with primary ankle arthrodesis. The purpose of this study was to compare their clinical and radiographic results.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis was performed using 2 validated scores and assessment of radiographic union by comparing 23 patients who underwent salvage ankle arthrodesis (group SA = salvage arthrodesis) after failed total ankle replacement with 23 matched patients who received primary ankle arthrodesis (group PA = primary arthrodesis). The mean follow-up period was 38 (range 16-92) months in group SA and 56 (23-94) months in group PA.

Results:

Complete union was achieved in 17 patients (74%) after a mean time of 50 (13- 114) weeks in group SA and in 16 patients (70%) after a mean time of 23 (10-115) weeks in group PA. The SF-36 score averaged 48 points (7-80) in SA and 66 points (14-94; P = .006) in group PA. In group SA the mean FFI was 57% (22-82) for pain and 71% (44-98) for function. In group PA significantly better results for pain with 34% (0-88; P = .002) and function with 48% (1-92; P = .002) were found.

Conclusion:

Salvage arthrodesis led to impaired life quality and reduced function combined with significantly higher pain when compared with primary ankle arthrodesis. These findings can be used to counsel our patients preoperatively.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective case series.
Abdominal ultrasonographic findings in acromegalic cats
Authors: Lourenço Bianca N , Randall Elissa , Seiler Gabriela , Lunn Katharine F
Published: November 2014

Objectives

Acromegaly is increasingly recognized as a cause of insulin resistance in cats with diabetes mellitus (DM). The objective of this study was to determine if ultrasonographic changes in selected abdominal organs of acromegalic cats could be used to raise the index of suspicion for this condition.

Methods

In this retrospective case-control study, medical records of cats presenting to North Carolina State University or Colorado State University from January 2002 to October 2012 were reviewed. Cats were included in the acromegaly group if they had insulin-resistant DM with increased serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) concentrations and had an abdominal ultrasound examination performed with report available. A control group included age-matched cats that had abdominal ultrasound examination performed for investigation of disease unlikely to involve the kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas or liver.

Results

Twenty-four cats were included in each group. IGF-1 concentrations in the acromegaly group ranged from >148 to 638 nmol/l. When compared with age-matched controls, cats with acromegaly demonstrated significantly increased median left and right kidney length, significantly increased median left and right adrenal gland thickness, and significantly increased median pancreatic thickness. Hepatomegaly and bilateral adrenomegaly were reported in 63% and 53% of acromegalic cats, respectively, and in none of the controls. Pancreatic abnormalities were described in 88% of the acromegalic cats and 8% of the controls.

Conclusions and relevance

These findings indicate that compared with non-acromegalic cats, age-matched acromegalic patients have measurably larger kidneys, adrenal glands and pancreas. Diagnostic testing for acromegaly should be considered in poorly regulated diabetic cats exhibiting organomegaly on abdominal ultrasound examination.
Socioeconomic differences in emotional symptoms among adolescents in the Nordic countries: Recommendations on how to present inequality
Authors: Nielsen Line , Damsgaard Mogens Trab , Meilstrup Charlotte , Due Pernille , Madsen Katrine Rich , Koushede Vibeke , Holstein Bjørn Evald
Published: November 2014

Aims: This comparative study examines absolute and relative socioeconomic differences in emotional symptoms among adolescents using standardised data from five Nordic countries and gives recommendations on how to present socioeconomic inequality. Methods: The Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) international cross-sectional study from 2005/2006 provided data on 29,642 11–15-year-old adolescents from nationally random samples in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. The outcome was daily emotional symptoms. Family Affluence Scale (FAS) was used as indicator of socioeconomic position. We applied four summary measures of inequality: Prevalence Difference, Odds Ratio, Slope Index of Inequality and Relative Index of Inequality, and presented the socioeconomic inequality by a graphical illustration of the prevalence of emotional symptoms, the size of the FAS groups and the summary indices of inequality in each country. Results: The prevalence of emotional symptoms ranged from 8.1% in Denmark to 13.2% in Iceland. There were large country variations in the size of the low FAS-group ranging from 2% in Iceland to 12% in Finland. The largest absolute and relative socioeconomic inequalities were found in Iceland and the smallest in Finland for girls and in Denmark for boys. Conclusions: Emotional symptoms were more common among Nordic adolescents from low affluence families. This association appeared in the study of both absolute and relative inequality. A comprehensive presentation of socioeconomic inequality should include the prevalence of the health outcome, the size of the socioeconomic groups, and the regression line representing the summary indices of inequality.
An advanced multibody model for evaluating rider’s influence on motorcycle dynamics
Authors: Sequenzia G , Oliveri SM , Fatuzzo G , Calì M
Published: November 2014

The dynamics of a high-performance motorcycle are greatly influenced by the rider’s weight and movements especially when the power-to-weight ratio is very high. Generally in motor vehicles, the driver’s/rider’s weight is a significant fraction of the entire system. This work is about ADAMS/View multibody modelling of a motorcycle and virtual rider who simulates handlebar interaction and saddle sliding. In the literature, the rider’s influence is unrealistic being limited to considering him as a concentrated mass or in other cases as a fixed passive system. Even vehicle modelling is often inaccurate, referring at best to simplified models of rigid bodies. In this work, the vehicle and rider have been accurately modelled to most realistically reproduce the dynamic behaviour of the system. The motorcycle was modelled with 12 bodies incorporating concentrated flexibility for the two suspension units and considering the chassis as a flexible body using modal synthesis. The virtual rider is made up of 15 rigid bodies and has 28 degrees of freedom. To study the effects on the motorcycle of the rider’s movements as well as the motorcycle’s dynamics and performance, a monitoring system similar to that in the literature was used to read handlebar torque and engine and braking torque. Furthermore, in the literature there are simulations of standard manoeuvres whereas in this work an entire lap of Monza was simulated. There were simulations of a fixed and mobile rider validating the model in advance and thereafter monitoring the most significant dynamic parameters. The multibody model provides useful results at the design phase and insights into the whole vehicle/rider dynamic to setup all the reference parameters for immediately evaluating system effects.
From plan meetings to care plans: Genre chains and the intertextual relations of text and talk
Authors: Günther Kirsi , Raitakari Suvi , Juhila Kirsi
Published: November 2014

This article examines care plan meetings between professionals and clients held in a mental health supported housing unit. The article asks what is discussed about the recording of the plan and how it is discussed in the meetings. The study focuses on intertextual institutional interaction. The methodical tools used are genre and the genre chain. As a result of the analysis, we gain information on how the plan form, as a product of joint discussion through the meeting interaction, becomes the basis of the care plan. In addition, the article highlights at which stages and for what purposes the care plan is discussed, and how earlier texts and discussions about the client’s situation serve as resources for making the plan. Plan forms have a significant role in directing the meeting conversation, the transferring of the information and producing and maintaining the care plan discourse.
Peroneal Tendon Impingement due to Bulky Osteochondroma
Authors: São Simão Ricardo , Moura António Mendes , Sá Rodrigues André , Pinto Rui
Published: November 2014

Osteochondromas are the most common benign bone tumors. Although many are asymptomatic, they can produce a mass effect impinging against soft tissues or interfering with joint function. The authors present a case report and review of literature of an ankle osteochondroma successfully treated by excision.

Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV: Case Report
The use of echocardiography in acute cardiovascular care: Recommendations of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the Acute Cardiovascular Care Association
Authors: Lancellotti Patrizio , Price Susanna , Edvardsen Thor , Cosyns Bernard , Neskovic Aleksandar N , Dulgheru Raluca , Flachskampf Frank A , Hassager Christian , Pasquet Agnes , Gargani Luna , Galderisi Maurizio , Cardim Nuno , Haugaa Kristina H , Ancion Arnaud , Zamorano Jose-Luis , Donal Erwan , Bueno Héctor , Habib Gilbert
Published: November 2014

Echocardiography is one of the most powerful diagnostic and monitoring tools available to the modern emergency/critical care practitioner. Currently, there is a lack of specific European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging/Acute Cardiovascular Care Association recommendations for the use of echocardiography in acute cardiovascular care. In this document, we describe the practical applications of echocardiography in patients with acute cardiac conditions, in particular with acute chest pain, acute heart failure, suspected cardiac tamponade, complications of myocardial infarction, acute valvular heart disease including endocarditis, acute disease of the ascending aorta and post-intervention complications. Specific issues regarding echocardiography in other acute cardiovascular care scenarios are also described.
Deep sequencing identifies genetic heterogeneity and recurrent convergent evolution in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Ojha Juhi , Ayres Jackline , Secreto Charla , Tschumper Renee , Rabe Kari , Van Dyke Daniel , Slager Susan , Shanafelt Tait , Fonseca Rafael , Kay Neil E. , Braggio Esteban
Published: November 2014

Key Points

Deep sequencing identifies a significant reservoir of subclonal mutations affecting key genes in CLL pathogenesis. Convergent evolution of genetic lesions in tumor subclonal populations is recurrently found in CLL.
Cisplatin sensitivity is enhanced in non-small cell lung cancer cells by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition through inhibition of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A2
Authors: Xu Guodong , Yu Hui , Shi Xinbao , Sun Lebo , Zhou Qingyun , Zheng Dawei , Shi Huoshun , Li Ni , Zhang Xianning , Shao Guofeng
Published: November 2014

Background

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been believed to be related with chemotherapy resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Recent studies have suggested eIF5A-2 may function as a proliferation-related oncogene in tumorigenic processes.

Methods

We used cell viability assays, western blotting, immunofluorescence, transwell-matrigel invasion assay, wound-healing assay combined with GC7 (a novel eIF5A-2 inhibitor) treatment or siRNA interference to investigate the role of eIF5A-2 playing in NSCLC chemotherapy.

Results

We found low concentrations of GC7 have little effect on NSCLC viability, but could enhance cisplatin cytotoxicity in NSCLC cells. GC7 also could reverse mesenchymal phenotype in NCI-H1299 and prevented A549 cells undergoing EMT after TGF-β1 inducement. eIF5A-2 knockdown resulted in EMT inhibition.

Conclusion

Our data indicated GC7 enhances cisplatin cytotoxicity and prevents the EMT in NSCLC cells by inhibiting eIF5A-2.
Every reason to discontinue lithium
Authors: Salgado Manuel E Fuentes , Sutor Bruce , Albright Robert C , Frye Mark A
Published: November 2014

Lithium as a gold standard therapy for bipolar disorder is well known to have a number of medical comorbidities that impact renal, parathyroid, and thyroid function. Despite these medical comorbidities, there remains a group of lithium-responsive lithium-treated patients who have maintained mood stability for decades. The risk/benefit ratio of end organ toxicity/mood stability must be evaluated in each individual case.
Second National Exploration Geophysics Competition for College Students finals concluded successfully
Authors: Ma Amelie , Liu Yang
Published: November 2014

Following the success of last year's inaugural National Exploration Geophysics Competition for College Students (NEGCCS), this year, the second NEGCCS Finals took place at the National Supercomputer Tianjin Center (NSCC) on 26–31 August. After tough competition in the preliminary rounds, 20 teams from 14 universities, consisting of two players each, entered into the finals. The teams represented Peking University, Tongji University, Jilin University, Ocean University of China, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), University of Petroleum (East China), China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Chang'an University, Northeast Petroleum University, Chengdu University of Technology, Yangtze University, Southwest Petroleum University, Taiwan Central University, and Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Reviews
Authors: Avakian Bob
Published: November 2014

Plotting The Course: Life Lessons from the Sport of Sailing, by R. Arenson, ISBN: 978-0-9893790-0-7, 2014, Makai Press, 270 pp., US $15.99 (e-book available).
Memorial
Authors: Schneider Bill
Published: November 2014

Memorial for: Alfred H. Balch Sr.
Validation of Attenuation Models for Ground Motion Applications in Central and Eastern North America
Authors: Pasyanos Michael
Published: November 2014

Recently developed attenuation models are incorporated into standard one-dimensional (1-D) ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs), effectively making them two-dimensional (2-D) and eliminating the need to create different GMPEs for an increasing number of sub-regions. The model is tested against a data set of over 10,000 recordings from 81 earthquakes in North America. The use of attenuation models in GMPEs improves our ability to fit observed ground motions and should be incorporated into future national hazard maps. The improvement is most significant at higher frequencies and longer distances which have a greater number of wave cycles. This has implications for the rare high-magnitude earthquakes, which produce potentially damaging ground motions over wide areas, and drive the seismic hazards. Because the attenuation models can be created using weak ground motions, they could be developed for regions of low seismicity where empirical recordings of ground motions are uncommon and do not span the full range of magnitudes and distances.
Rethinking the Real withRobinson Crusoeand David Hume
Authors: Kareem Sarah Tindal
Published: November 2014

This essay reimagines the relationship between Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe (1719) and David Hume's skeptical philosophy, a relationship previously defined by Ian Watt's suggestion in The Rise of the Novel (1957) that Hume's emphasis upon man's essentially social nature in A Treatise of Human Nature (1739–40) stands in refutation of Defoe's iconic portrayal of human isolation. Instead, I argue for affinities between Hume's secular skepticism and Crusoe's religious faith and suggest that both Defoe and Hume channel the same spiritual allegory of the pilgrim as shipwrecked traveler. More than rhetorically similar, both texts, I argue, dramatize epistemological crises that precipitate a renewed sense of life's contingency. Both Defoe and Hume employ Puritan spiritual autobiography, and in each case this literary mode's questionable referential status reproduces the epistemological uncertainty that each text represents. Crusoe and Hume model how such epistemological uncertainty might be a source of pleasing wonder by exhibiting an attitude of viewing the ordinary as if it were rare, and the illusory as if it were real—and by extension the real as if it were illusory. The essay suggests that this capacity to illuminate the extraordinary within the ordinary and the illusory within the real becomes one of novelistic fiction's distinctive characteristics. The experience of apprehending the real is reframed as a source of aesthetic pleasure rather than knowledge.
Cynicism andThe Damnation of Theron Ware
Authors: Sussman Mark
Published: November 2014

This article addresses the problem of cynicism in Harold Frederic's novel The Damnation of Theron Ware (1896). Despite the prominence of cynicism in the critical literature surrounding the novel, it has emerged as a vexing interpretive problem in itself rather than a solution to Theron Ware's ambiguities. Insofar as the accusation of cynicism implicitly calls into question motivations (those of both characters and novelists), the very structure of that accusation itself exhibits a kind of cynicism. Rather than a theme to be located or an attitude to be diagnosed, the appearance of cynicism on the critical scene marks a moment of epistemological fantasy, in which the critic implies a form of access to the motivations of the cynical character or the cynical writer. The accusation of cynicism, then, poses as a gesture of unmasking, one requiring a concomitant cynicism on the part of the critic: it is only through a form of instrumentalized criticism that instrumental motives may be revealed. As a problem of modern consciousness, then, cynicism emerges not as a position to be taken, a problem to be diagnosed, or even an attitude but rather as an epistemological structure seeking a form of access to authorial and characterological motivations, a structure that, furthermore, mirrors that of the modern novel.
The Reality Effect and the Real Effects of Chernyshevsky's What Is to Be Done?
Authors: Werner Sonia A.
Published: November 2014

While it is common for scholars to concede that realism is nearly impossible to define, the story of realism's emergence as a specific literary movement in the nineteenth century is rarely disputed. Literary critics and historians alike frequently identify the emergence of “programmatic realism” with the rise of the novel in the modern, industrialized nation-states of France and England, thereby requiring the existence of an industrialized urban capital, a developing bourgeoisie, and definitive national consciousness. This article intervenes in such accounts by evaluating Nikolai Chernyshevsky's What Is to Be Done?—a novel, or antinovel, that while little read in the West is arguably one of the most important Russian texts of the nineteenth century. Written in 1863, just two years after the liberation of the serfs in Russia, N. G. Chernyshevsky's novel remarkably departs from the traditional realist style of writing that characterizes more canonical French and English novels in favor of another kind of realism. This realism harnesses the truth claim that is implicit in the realist agenda as well as the communicative force of the novel to not only objectively render sociality reality but to radically transform it as well.
Mimicking the Active Sites of Non-heme Iron Oxygenases on the Solid Supports of Catalysts: Formation of Immobilized Iron Complexes with Imidazolyl and Carboxylate Ligands
Authors: Tsuruta Tomohiro , Yamazaki Tsubasa , Watanabe Kazuki , Chiba Yosuke , Yoshida Akihiro , Naito Shuichi , Nakazawa Jun , Hikichi Shiro
Published: November 2014

Iron oxygenases mimicking active sites have been constructed on the solid support by anchoring a bis(imidazolyl)borate ligand to carboxylate-functionalized SBA-15 type mesoporous silica gels. Initial loading amounts of an organocarboxylic acid modifier on the silicates affect the hydrocarbon oxygenation catalyses with H2O2 due to changing of the structures of the surface metallocomplex active sites.
Long-Term Impacts of Compensatory Preschool on Health and Behavior: Evidence from Head Start
Authors: Carneiro Pedro , Ginja Rita
Published: November 2014

This paper provides new estimates of the medium- and long-term impacts of Head Start on health and behavioral problems. We identify these impacts using discontinuities in the probability of participation induced by program eligibility rules. Our strategy allows us to identify the effect of Head Start for the individuals in the neighborhoods of multiple discontinuities. Participation in the program reduces the incidence of behavioral problems, health problems, and obesity of male children at ages 12 and 13. It lowers depression and obesity among adolescents, and it reduces engagement in criminal activities and idleness for young adults. (JEL H52, I12, I21, I24, I28, I38, J13)
The Dynamics of Firm Lobbying
Authors: Kerr William R. , Lincoln William F. , Mishra Prachi
Published: November 2014

How is economic policy made? In this paper we study a key determinant of the answer to the question: lobbying by firms. Estimating a binary choice model of firm behavior, we find significant evidence for the idea that barriers to entry induce persistence in lobbying. The existence of these costs is further confirmed in studying how firms responded to a particular policy change: the expiration of legislation relating to the H-1B visa. Due to its influence on firm behavior, we argue that this persistence fundamentally changes the environment in which legislation is made. (JEL D22, D72, D78, L21)
The F1000Research: Ebola article collection
Authors: Piot Peter
Published: November 2014

The explosion of information about Ebola requires rapid publication, transparent verification and unrestricted access. I urge everyone involved in all aspects of the Ebola epidemic to openly and rapidly report their experiences and findings.

Editorial

In addition to all the formidable challenges we are confronting with the Ebola epidemic, the information challenge is of no less significance than all the others. Within the exploding growth of the epidemic itself there is an explosion of information that requires rapid publication, transparent verification and unrestricted access. This information includes organisational and logistical experiences, transmission narratives, presentation, methods of recognition, case histories, a range of orthodox and unorthodox interventions, clinical trials, biological and virological findings, and many more.

F1000Research is a publishing platform that combines immediate publication, transparent refereeing, and unrestricted open access, making it extremely suited to respond to these information challenges. F1000Research, has offered to publish free of charge a collection of reports and publications on all issues relating to the Ebola epidemic. All papers published by F1000Research are open access. I urge everyone involved in all aspects of this epidemic to openly and rapidly report their experiences and findings. Information will be one of our key weapons in defeating the Ebola epidemic.
Preface
Authors: Uibu Krista , Ugaste Aino , Brown Kara
Published: November 2014

Kooskõlas muutustega mujal maailmas on viimastel kümnenditel hoogustunud ka Eestis indiviidi uurimine, kasvanud õpetaja elu ja tööd käsitlevate uurimuste hulk ning paranenud nende kvaliteet. Haridusvaldkonna üheks keskseks uurimisobjektiks on kujunenud õpetaja isiksus, tema käitumine ja tegevused ning nende koosmõju õpilaste arengule ja õppeprotsessile (Guskey, 2002). Õpetajate töö ja elu uurimisel peetakse oluliseks käsitleda kogemusi, mida õpetajad on omandanud tegevõpetajaks saamisele eelnenud koolipraktikast ja enda kooliajast. Nii leiab Goodson, et õpetajaid tuleb uurida nii klassi koosseisu, soo, etnilise päritolu kui ka sotsiaalse tausta, elukogemuste ja sotsiaalsete suhete põhjal (vt selles numbris). Selliseid uurimusi tutvustatakse ka Eesti Haridusteaduste Ajakirja praeguses vabanumbris. Temaatiliselt võib jaotada artiklid neljaks. Esiteks leidub uurimusi, mille keskmes on indiviidi, sh õpetaja varasemad kogemused ning nende mõju tema hilisemale elule ja tegevusele. Teine osa uurimustest käsitleb õpetajate ja üliõpilaste praktilisi õpetamis- ja õppimiskogemusi. Kolmandaks on teema "Muukeelne õpilane ja multikultuuriline õpetamine" alla koondatud uurimused viimaste kümnendite olulisimatest haridusuuendustest Eestis (üleminek eestikeelsele aineõppele vene õppekeelega gümnaasiumides) ja nende mõjust õpilase identiteedile. Neljandaks, ajakirja viimases osas tutvustatakse aasta jooksul ilmunud uudiskirjandust: haridusterminoloogiat käsitlevaid teatmeteoseid.
Teaching conceptions of practitioner-lecturers in applied higher education institutions
Authors: Reva Elina , Karm Mari , Lepp Liina , Remmik Marvi
Published: November 2014

Rakenduskõrgkoolides tähtsustatakse üha enam õppejõudude võimet õpetada nii, et õppijatel kujuneksid seosed teooria ja praktika vahel. Seoste loomine on vajalik, et õppijad suudaksid edasises kutsetöös lähtuda tõenduspõhistest teadmistest. Selleks kaasatakse õppetöösse kutseala praktikuid, kellelt oodatakse nii erialast asjatundlikkust, kutsealal töötamise kogemust kui ka teadlikkust õppimisest ja õpetamisest. Siinse uurimuse eesmärk on kirjeldada õpetamise tähendust rakenduskõrgkoolides õpetavate praktikute jaoks ja nende õpetamisarusaamu. Uurimuse andmed koguti 15 praktikult-õppejõult, kasutades meetodina poolstruktureeritud intervjuud. Uurimistulemuste kohaselt väärtustavad praktikud-õppejõud õpetamist kõrgkoolis kui võimalust kutseala arendada ja kogemusi jagada. Praktikute-õppejõudude õpetamisarusaamad väljenduvad peamiselt õppejõukesksete tegevuste kirjelduste kaudu. Õpetamisarusaamad osutavad praktikute-õppejõudude vajadusele keskenduda õppeaine sisule, vähem pööratakse tähelepanu õppijate õpivajadustele. See näitab, et praktikute-õppejõudude õpetamispraktika tuleks muuta õppijakesksemaks.
Summary
Teacher-student interaction on social networking sites: teachers’ perceptions and experiences
Authors: Räim Sandra , Siibak Andra
Published: November 2014

Artikli eesmärk on anda ülevaade õpetajate arvamustest ja kogemustest, mis puudutavad õpetajate ja õpilaste interaktsiooni ja sisuloomet suhtlusportaalides. Fookusgrupi intervjuudes nelja kooli keskkooliõpetajatega (N = 21) uuriti, milliseid erinevusi on õpetajad täheldanud enda ja õpilaste loodud veebisisus ning millistel juhtudel ja mil viisil on õpetajad pidanud vajalikuks õpilaste suhtlusportaalide postitustele reageerida. Muu hulgas sooviti teada, millistele alustele tugineb õpetaja-õpilase suhtlusportaali sõprus ning kas õpetajad tunnevad vajadust sotsiaalmeedia suhtlust suunavate käitumisjuhiste järele. Intervjuude kvalitatiivsest sisuanalüüsist nähtub, et õpetajate arvates jagavad õpilased suhtlusportaalides liigselt privaatset infot, mistõttu pidasid nad enda kohuseks ebasobivaid postitusi märgates õpilaste sisuloomesse sekkuda. Õpetajad võtsid ka suhtlusportaalides endale õpilaste harija ja mentori rolli ning soovisid oma veebikäitumisega pakkuda eeskuju, samas ei adunud nad täiel määral õpetaja-õpilase veebisuhtluse võimalikke tagajärgi. Õpetaja-õpilase veebisuhtlust reguleerivate käitumisjuhiste järele aga vajadust ei nähtud. Uuringu tulemused viitavad veebisisu loomega kaasnevatele põlvkondlikele erinevustele ning avavad õpetajate-õpilaste probleeme suhtlusportaali auditooriumi tajumisel.
Summary
Calculation and Research of Traffic Flow Noise Abatement by Noise Screens
Authors: Тупов  , Tupov Vladimir , Черешнева  , Chereshneva Olesya
Published: November 2014

Noise screen (NS) is an efficient and rather low-cost way of protection of highway-area territories against traffic flow noise (TFN). In engineering calculations NS are often considered infinite, disregarding the phenomenon of sound diffraction on its lateral edges. Presented computational method allows considering diffraction processes along all NS perimeter thus increasing accuracy of calculation of screen installation effect. The research also focuses on contribution of the sound diffracted on lateral edges of the screen to composite TFN at computational point (CP) depending on its position on NS, NS’s size, and sound-absorbing qualities of landscape around highway. Mathematical relations for calculating noise abatement have been built due to a number of factors instead of traditionally applied tables, nomograms and graphics thus simplifying programming process.
Evolution of Floatation Equipment for Sewage Treatment аnd Active Sludge Thickening
Authors: Сеник  , Senik E. , Иванов  , Ivanov M. , Виноградов  , Vinogradov M. , Таранов  , Taranov R. , Козодаев  , Kozodaev A. , Ксенофонтов  , Ksyenofontov Boris , Воропаева  , Voropaeva A.
Published: November 2014

The article covers theoretical basics of floatation process and main stages of flotators’ evolution. special attention is paid to flotation as multistage process as well as to definition of constants with theoretical and the experimental methods. Authors demonstrate that use of theoretical bases of multistage flotation model allows to significantly stimulating floatation process. Leading foreign and domestic innovations in floatation sewage treatment and active sludge thickening are presented. Promising research in constructing multi-tool floatation apparatus (flotation combine) is described. The article provides variants of multi-tool flotators’ design, examples of its integration into operation, and the test data confirming its high effectiveness for sewage treatment and active sludge thickening. Methods of stimulating thickening with carbon dioxide and chemical agents are used for wastewater sludge (including active sludge).
On Error Estimates for Asymptotic Expansions with Malliavin Weights: Application to Stochastic Volatility Model
Authors: Takahashi Akihiko , Yamada Toshihiro
Published: November 2014

This paper proposes a unified method for precise estimates of the error bounds in asymptotic expansions of an option price and its Greeks (sensitivities) under a stochastic volatility model. More generally, we also derive an error estimate for an asymptotic expansion around a general partially elliptic diffusion and a more general Wiener functional, which is applicable to various important valuation and risk management tasks in the financial business such as the ones for multidimensional diffusion and nondiffusion models. In particular, we take the Malliavin calculus approach, and estimate the error bounds for the Malliavin weights of both the coefficient and the residual terms in the expansions by effectively applying the properties of Kusuoka-Stroock functions introduced by Kusuoka [Kusuoka S (2003) Malliavin calculus revisited. J. Math. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 10:261–277.] functions. Moreover, a numerical experiment under the Heston-type model confirms the effectiveness of our method.
Ebola in pregnancy
Authors: Richens Yana , Gerrard Jacque
Published: November 2014

Ebola virus disease, previously known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever, is an often fatal disease caused by a virus of the Filoviridae family. The initial signs and symptoms of the disease are non-specific, which may progress to a severe haemorrhagic illness. Currently there are no guidelines on the management of pregnant women who have contracted Ebola virus. This article offers some insight into the complexity of the disease and management of pregnant women who have contracted the virus.
Welcome to my café: Facilitating a domestic abuse workshop for midwives
Authors: Halsall Sarah , Marks-Maran Diane
Published: November 2014

This paper presents how the World Café was used as a reflective learning tool to facilitate a workshop on domestic abuse for midwives. The workshop was part of a safeguarding study day for midwives and student midwives. The World Café enabled the midwives’ to draw on their experience and raised awareness of issues surrounding routine enquiry about domestic abuse. The seven design principles of the World Café were employed: setting the contexts, creating a hospitable space, exploring questions that matter, encouraging everyone's contribution, connecting diverse perspectives, listening together, sharing collective discoveries. The article outlines the preparation, presentation and evaluation of the World Café experience.
The evolution of the maternity support worker
Authors: Hutchinson Janet
Published: November 2014

The maternity support worker (MSW) has become an important, yet sometimes controversial, member of the maternity workforce. With health budgets being reduced in real terms and maternity services striving to deliver high quality women-centered care; managers are having to become even more astute when planning services. This article reviews how one London Trust has developed the role and responsibilities of the MSW through education and training to meet local demand. The author reflects on her experiences on becoming an advanced maternity support worker (AMSW) and the possible implications for the midwifery profession.
The end of the first year
Authors: Arnold Amy
Published: November 2014

Twelve months ago, we caught up with a group of NQTs who were looking forward to starting their first teaching role. Here, we find out how that year has unfolded. What were their highs and lows?
Government given C grade
Authors: Broome Ellen
Published: November 2014

The latest research into the family friendly state of the UK has revealed that the government is seen as not doing nearly enough to provide affordable and workable services for children and families.
A need for balanced evidence
Authors: Ellyatt Wendy
Published: November 2014

The way ‘stories’ about a child's early experiences are presented in the media has the potential to influence both political and public opinion, yet just how accurately are research findings reported?
Tip tap rhymes and claps
Authors: Rivolta Heidi
Published: November 2014

This short series of articles will focus on incorporating simple and fun French hand rhymes into your regular setting routine, starting with Les Petites mains front Tap Tap Tap – little hands go tap tap tap.
Animals in the nativity
Authors: Cruickshank Sarah
Published: November 2014

Year after year, settings up and down the country will have a Mary and a Joseph, three innkeepers and an angel lighting up their nativity plays, but there is another story angle that can include all the children.
The shape of our world
Authors: Harries Judith
Published: November 2014

This is the second in a series of articles that uses practical activities based on the expressive arts, such as music, song and dance, to develop young children's skills in the mathematics area of early learning.
Computing: Supporting effective teaching
Authors: Berry Miles
Published: November 2014

The computing curriculum is now in place and we have a fairly clear idea about what we should be teaching. Two months in to the new curriculum, Miles Berry, of the University of Roehampton, discusses effective teaching strategies and how schools can support this new subject
Weaning onto a vegetarian diet
Authors: Patience Sara
Published: November 2014

Starting a baby on a non-meat diet requires care to ensure nutritional needs are met, says Sara Patience
Male genital lesions, in images
Authors: Watkins Jean
Published: November 2014

Lesions of male genitalia can occur in patients of all ages. Jean Watkins describes the causes, symptoms and treatment of some of the most common conditions
Managing endometriosis
Authors: Kochar Suneeta
Published: November 2014

Endometriosis is painful and has a significant impact on wellbeing, explains Suneeta Kochhar
Why they always win
Authors: Williams Brenda
Published: November 2014

Whatever their context, heroes and heroines are rarely perfect. They can make mistakes and get into trouble, but somehow they always come out on top.
Get into the groove
Authors: Donohoe Tom
Published: November 2014

Dance delivers the feel-good factor for children, parents and teachers, and it is an area of physical education that should have a focus, says Tom Donohoe.
Success in the charts
Authors: Davis John
Published: November 2014

Children's ability to work with statistics and present them meaningfully as charts and graphs can have a huge impact on their engagement across the curriculum.
Has your CPD had an impact?
Authors: Coskeran Sarah
Published: November 2014

Ensuring your CPD strategies are effective and make a difference is vital. Sarah Coskeran offers some practical advice for evaluating the impact of three common types of CPD
Searching for the jetpack…
Authors: Haigh Gerald
Published: November 2014

Is it not futile to reward or penalise teachers for their performance, when much of what they achieve is dictated by the system in which they work? Gerald Haigh poses some tough questions
Porous metal metaphyseal cones for severe bone loss
Authors: Lachiewicz P. F. , Watters T. S.
Published: November 2014

Metaphyseal bone loss is common with revision total knee replacement (RTKR). Using the Anderson Orthopaedic Research Institute (AORI) classification, type 2-B and type 3 defects usually require large metal blocks, bulk structural allograft or highly porous metal cones. Tibial and femoral trabecular metal metaphyseal cones are a unique solution for large bone defects. These cones substitute for bone loss, improve metaphyseal fixation, help correct malalignment, restore the joint line and may permit use of a shorter stem. The technique for insertion involves sculpturing of the remaining bone with a high speed burr and rasp, followed by press-fit of the cone into the metaphysis. The fixation and osteoconductive properties of the porous cone outer surface allow ingrowth and encourage long-term biological fixation. The revision knee component is then cemented into the porous cone inner surface, which provides superior fixation compared with cementing into native but deficient metaphyseal bone. The advantages of the cone compared with allograft include: technical ease, biological fixation, no resorption, and possibly a lower risk of infection. The disadvantages include: difficult extraction and relatively short-term follow-up. Several studies using cones report promising short-term results for the reconstruction of large bone defects in RTKR.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B(11 Suppl A):118–21.
Avoiding patellar complications in total knee replacement
Authors: Russell R. D. , Huo M. H. , Jones R. E.
Published: November 2014

Patellofemoral complications are common after total knee replacement (TKR). Leaving the patellar unsurfaced after TKR may lead to complications such as anterior knee pain, and re-operation to surface it. Complications after patellar resurfacing include patellar fracture, aseptic loosening, patellar instability, polyethylene wear, patellar clunk and osteonecrosis. Historically, patellar complications account for one of the larger proportions of causes of failure in TKR, however, with contemporary implant designs, complication rates have decreased. Most remaining failures relate to patellofemoral tracking. Understanding the causes of patellofemoral maltracking is essential to prevent these complications as well as manage them when they occur.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B(11 Suppl A):84–6.
The challenge of methicillin resistant staphylococcal infection after total hip replacement
Authors: Parry M. C. , Duncan C. P.
Published: November 2014

Advances in the treatment of periprosthetic joint infections of the hip have once more pushed prosthesis preserving techniques into the limelight. At the same time, the common infecting organisms are evolving to become more resistant to conventional antimicrobial agents. Whilst the epidemiology of resistant staphylococci is changing, a number of recent reports have advocated the use of irrigation and debridement and one-stage revision for the treatment of periprosthetic joint infections due to resistant organisms. This review presents the available evidence for the treatment of periprosthetic joint infections of the hip, concentrating in particular on methicillin resistant staphylococci.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B(11 Suppl A):60–5.
Soft-tissue and alignment correction
Authors: Gustke K. A.
Published: November 2014

Total knee replacement (TKR) smart tibial trials have load-bearing sensors which will show quantitative compartment pressure values and femoral-tibial tracking patterns. Without smart trials, surgeons rely on feel and visual estimation of imbalance to determine if the knee is optimally balanced. Corrective soft-tissue releases are performed with minimal feedback as to what and how much should be released. The smart tibial trials demonstrate graphically where and how much imbalance is present, so that incremental releases can be performed. The smart tibial trials now also incorporate accelerometers which demonstrate the axial alignment. This now allows the surgeon the option to perform a slight recut of the tibia or femur to provide soft-tissue balance without performing soft-tissue releases. Using a smart tibial trial to assist with soft-tissue releases or bone re-cuts, improved patient outcomes have been demonstrated at one year in a multicentre study of 135 patients (135 knees).

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B(11 Suppl A):78–83.