bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endogenous GABA levels decrease during grain maturation in wheat and do not play a role in the germination of immature grain
Authors: Himi Eiko
Published: December 2024

It has been known that gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) is increased in germinating seeds such as those of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Techniques such as ninhydrin reaction method and high‐performance liquid chromatography are used to quantify GABA levels. However, these methods require multiple steps and make it difficult to analyze multiple samples simultaneously. In this study, an enzyme‐based assay for the rapid quantification of GABA levels in multiple wheat grain samples simultaneously was established. It was found that in developing grains, endogenous GABA levels were high but decreased with maturity. The maximum amount of GABA found in immature grains did not correlate with the degree of grain dormancy. However, the onset of decrease in GABA content was earlier in weak dormant lines compared to strong dormant lines. Endogenous GABA levels increased temporarily in strongly dormant grains upon imbibition, but quickly returned to their original levels, while they showed a sharp increase in intermediate dormant grains. Exogenous GABA promoted the germination of weakly dormant grains but was not sufficient to break dormancy in strongly dormant grains, suggesting that the maintenance of GABA levels may be related to the degree of grain dormancy.
The Norwegian legacy of resisting formal grading
Authors: Fjørtoft Henning , Tveit Sverre , Sandvik Lise Vikan
Published: December 2024

Norway has a longstanding tradition of prohibiting formal grading in primary education. This paper traces a century of restrictive grading policies and their associated discourses. Using Bacchi's (2009) What's the Problem Represented to be framework, we present an analysis of the policy documents that have underpinned Norwegian assessment policies through major curriculum reforms from 1939 to 2020. Focusing on grades as discursive placeholders for broader educational issues, we identify three problems: (1) concerns for assessment quality, (2) determining the appropriate age for commencing grading and (3) balancing the need for high‐quality measurements with concerns for students' individual needs. We discuss the implications of the Norwegian system and the lessons learned for policy development and implementation in Norway and beyond.
End‐organ protective effect of serelaxin in patients hospitalized for heart failure: Results of the biomarker substudy of Relaxin in Acute Heart Failure‐2 (RELAX‐AHF‐2)
Authors: Voors Adriaan A. , Metra Marco , Postmus Douwe , Greenberg Barry H. , Cotter Gadi , Davison Beth A. , Beldhuis Iris E. , Felker G. Michael , Filippatos Gerasimos , Pang Peter S. , Ponikowski Piotr , Gimpelewicz Claudio , Teerlink John R.
Published: December 2024

Aims

Serelaxin is recombinant human relaxin‐2, a hormone responsible for haemodynamic adaptations and organ protection in pregnancy. In the RELAX‐AHF trial, serelaxin demonstrated reductions in cardiac, renal and hepatic damage. In RELAX‐AHF‐2, organ damage‐related biomarkers were assessed in a biomarker substudy.

Methods and results

Patients enrolled within 16 h of presentation for heart failure hospitalization were randomized to 48‐h infusions of either serelaxin (30 μg/kg/day) or placebo, and plasma samples were obtained at baseline, 2, 5, and 14 days in patients participating in the biomarker substudy. Of the 6545 patients analysed in RELAX‐AHF‐2, 1020 (15.6%) patients (mean age 72 ± 12 years; 61% male) were enrolled in the biomarker substudy. Compared to placebo, serelaxin decreased percentage change from baseline in troponin T through day 14 (serelaxin +0.2% vs. placebo +40.3%; p = 0.042), as well as creatinine (−0.8% vs. +5.8%; p = 0.002), cystatin C (+3.8% vs. +8.3%; p = 0.016), and uric acid (+0.8% vs. +7.2%; p = 0.0014) at day 2. The decrease of N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) from baseline to day 2 was greater in serelaxin‐treated patients (−39.8% vs. −27.6%; p = 0.002). Early changes in NT‐proBNP and troponin, but not creatinine, cystatin C and uric acid, were associated with 180‐day mortality. In this substudy population, serelaxin did not reduce 180‐day cardiovascular death (hazard ratio [HR] 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.49–1.25; p = 0.30), but significantly reduced worsening heart failure through day 5 (HR 0.55; 95% CI 0.33–0.93; p = 0.027).

Conclusion

In this substudy, serelaxin decreased plasma concentrations of cardiac, renal and hepatic injury markers. Changes of most of these markers were associated with cardiovascular mortality. In this pre‐specified biomarker subgroup, serelaxin did not reduce 180‐day cardiovascular mortality but significantly reduced worsening heart failure through day 5.
A Switch Protein Adapter for Anti‐LILRB4 CAR‐T Cells
Authors: Huang Ryan , Chen Heyu , Xie Jingjing , Lou Qi , Tan Lingxiao , Zhang Ningyan , An Zhiqiang , John Samuel , Zhang Cheng Cheng
Published: December 2024

Chimeric antigen receptor‐T cell (CAR‐T) immunotherapy has shown remarkable results for the treatment of certain hematologic malignancies. A redirection strategy that utilizes clinically relevant CAR‐T cells in combination with adapter proteins may be an effective strategy to target other hematologic and solid cancers. We established a fusion antibody‐based strategy with flexibility to target multiple tumor types in combination with a novel anti‐leukocyte immunoglobulin‐like receptor‐B 4 (LILRB4) CAR‐T cell. Specifically, we engineered switch protein (SwP) adapters containing the LILRB4 extracellular domain fused to either an anti‐CD19 or anti‐CD20 single‐chain variable fragment (scFv). These SwPs were sufficient to stimulate anti‐LILRB4 CAR‐T cells against SwP‐tagged LILRB4‐CD19+ and LILRB4‐CD20+ cancers in vitro and in vivo. This strategy may allow CAR‐T cells to be redirected against a variety of tumor antigens and cancer types and become a valuable approach to expand the impact of cellular immunotherapy.
Subglacial hydrology insights from eskers developed atop soft beds of the Laurentide ice sheet
Authors: Núñez Ferreira Francisca A. , Zoet Lucas K. , Rawling J. Elmo , Haseloff Marianne , Rehwald Matt , Ullman David J.
Published: December 2024

Glacial landforms provide a valuable record from which to study the history and dynamics of past ice sheets. Eskers record paleo subglacial hydrologic and sediment transport conditions because they are composed of sediment deposited by water flowing through subglacial channels. Despite decades of study, there is still debate about their formation mechanisms and little investigation of the differences between eskers formed over soft and hard beds. To address this complexity, we analysed eskers formed over soft beds along the southern margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) in the Lake Superior region. This included developing a new method to calculate the basal effective pressure gradient during esker formation along the subglacial channel using grain size estimates from a 20 m tall esker exposure.

The morphometry and distribution of eskers were mapped with GIS to quantify their sinuosity and lateral spacing, and to compare those to the underlying bedrock elevation and sediment thickness. Lateral spacing decreased over time as the ice margin retreated, suggesting that melt rates increased during the LIS deglaciation. Furthermore, the relation between esker distribution and sediment thickness showed that eskers formed preferentially over thinner layers of sediment, irrespective of whether erosion occurred before their formation. The sedimentology of the Cable Esker exhibits a non‐monotonic pattern in channel boundary shear stress ranging from 10 to 300 Pa, alongside a basal effective pressure gradient fluctuating between −9 to −70 Pa m−1. Negative basal effective pressure gradients are consistent with esker formation in channels close to the glacier terminus, which suggests lower water pressure than normally assumed. This, combined with dynamic water level fluctuations within the esker channel, supports the theory of the formation of eskers near the ice margin.
Mechanism of Action and Beneficial Effects of Probiotics in Amateur and Professional Athletes
Authors: Nami Yousef , Barghi Anahita , Shahgolzari Mehdi , Salehian Melika , Haghshenas Babak
Published: December 2024

Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, provide health benefits to the host. According to the International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN), probiotic supplementation can optimize the health, performance, and recovery of athletes at all stages of their careers. Recent research suggests that probiotics can improve immune system functions, reduce gastrointestinal distress, and increase gut permeability in athletes. Additionally, probiotics may provide athletes with secondary health benefits that could positively affect athletic performance through enhanced recovery from fatigue, improved immune function, and maintenance of healthy gastrointestinal tract function. The integration of some probiotic strains into athletes' diets and the consumption of multi‐strain compounds may lead to an improvement in performance and can positively affect performance‐related aspects such as fatigue, muscle pain, body composition, and cardiorespiratory fitness. In summary, probiotics can be beneficial for athletes at all stages of their careers, from amateur to professional. This paper reviews the progress of research on the role of probiotic supplementation in improving energy metabolism and immune system functions, reducing gastrointestinal distress, and enhancing recovery from fatigue in athletes at different levels.
Public Health Insurance and Healthcare Utilisation Decisions of Young Adults
Authors: Rizal Muhammad Fikru
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates the impact of a dependent coverage age‐eligibility rule on young adults' health and healthcare utilisation under Indonesia's National Health Insurance (NHI) program. Employing a regression discontinuity design, analysis of the NHI administrative data documents a significant 14.6 to 20.9 percentage points drop in coverage among young adults at age 21, the age cut‐off imposed by the rule. Using a large nationally representative household survey, this paper shows that the loss of insurance coverage does not change young adults' health status but markedly decreases the utilisation of outpatient care among those who are ill. Specifically, there is an abrupt 5.3 to 8.4 percentage points reduction in the probability of young adults having any outpatient visit in the past month, primarily driven by lower utilisation of primary care services. The study also finds an increased likelihood of self‐treatment and the use of traditional healers, indicating a substitution effect. Further analysis shows a larger impact on those who are poor, less educated, and live in regions with higher healthcare costs.
Memory Development, Configurations, Conjunctions, and the Hippocampal Index
Authors: Rudy Jerry W.
Published: December 2024

When I began my career, I had no idea that much of it would center around the hippocampus. Here I discuss some of the history of how this happened. I briefly mention my early undergraduate life and the problems it posed for getting into graduate school. I describe the unique circumstances that led me to Allan Wagner's laboratory and changed my career trajectory. My path to the hippocampus began with a decision to study memory development. This led to a collaboration with Rob Sutherland that produced the configural theory of the hippocampus. The idea was that the hippocampus facilitated the construction of representations of the co‐occurring stimulus elements currently experienced by the organism. Thus, if two elements, A and B, occurred together, a representation, AB, could be constructed that could be discriminated from its elements, A and B. This idea was partially correct, but we missed an important property of the hippocampal system that was recognized by O'Keefe and Nadel, 1978 that is, that the hippocampus is an unmotivated, rapid learning system. Randy O'Reilly and I addressed this issue in what we called conjunctive representation theory and put forth a detailed cortical‐hippocampus computational theory to explain how this could work I later realized that our ideas were remarkably like Tim Teyler's indexing theory of how the hippocampal system supports memory. At a Park City meeting, a chance encounter with Tim (whom I had never met) resulted in the opportunity to write a paper with Tim updating the indexing theory, It is my favorite theoretical paper.
Agomelatine as Antidepressant Treatment in Elderly Patients With Previous Hyponatremia Due To SSRI Use: Case Series
Authors: Barquera José Alfonso. Ontiveros‐Sánchez de la , García Luis Alberto De la Garza , Sánchez‐Torres Guillermo , Gogeascoechea‐Hernández Andoni , Martinez Sofia Jezzini , Porras‐Garza Guillermo A. , Garza Pablo Patricio Zarate
Published: December 2024

Objective

To evaluate agomelatine treatment in elderly patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) who developed hyponatremia while using selective serotonin receptor inhibitors (SSRIs).

Methods

Patients (60 years or older) with hyponatremia after SSRI treatment for MDD were changed to agomelatine 50 mg/day during one month to observe sodium levels during the treatment and change in depressive symptoms. Montgomery‐Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) of severity were used before and after treatment with agomelatine.

Results

The mean age of our sample (five patients) was 75.3 (SD ± 7.8) years. Sodium levels while using SSRIs were reported with a mean of 122.54 (SD ± 10.8) mEq/L. Mean MADRS and CGI scores on SSRIs before treatment with agomelatine were 27.8 (SD ± 3.90) and 5 (SD ± 0.71) respectively. After 4 weeks of treatment with agomelatine 50 mg/day, mean scores of sodium were reported at 135.48 (SD ± 1.6) mEq/L, and mean MADRS and CGI scores were 13.6 (SD ± 8.35) and 2.4 (SD ± 1.5). The difference in means of the MADRS scale before and after treatment with agomelatine was found to be statistically significant (27.8 [3.89] versus 13.6 [8.35], p = < 0.01).

Conclusion

Our open observational study suggests that agomelatine represents a safe and effective treatment option for elderly patients with major depressive disorder and previous SSRIs‐induced hyponatremia.
Reproductive outcomes after surgical resection of isthmocele in secondary infertility
Authors: Piróg Magdalena , Pulka Anna , Kacalska‐Janssen Olga , Zmaczyński Andrzej , Jach Robert
Published: December 2024

Objectives

To evaluate the reproductive outcomes after different approaches of surgical isthmocele excision in women with secondary infertility.

Methods

The present study was conducted between November 2017 and February 2023 in the Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Gynecology at Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland. Women with large isthmocele with residual myometrial thickness (RMT) <3 mm and secondary infertility were included in this retrospective study. Surgical removal of the uterine defect was performed either by the laparoscopic or laparotomic approach. Pregnancy outcomes were measured.

Results

Fifty‐eight women aged 32.3 ± 3.5 years with a body mass index 22.9 ± 3.4 kg/m2 were included. Pregnancy was confirmed in 62.1% of women after surgical repair of isthmocele either via laparoscopy (n = 19) or laparotomy (n = 17) and 36 women (44.8%) women delivered healthy babies. There were no differences in the type of surgical approach used for isthmocele removal regarding pregnancy outcomes. Women in the laparotomic group had a higher number of abdominal surgeries (2.8 times) and longer postsurgical hospitalization (+85.7%). There were no differences between the laparoscopy and laparotomy groups regarding the duration of infertility, number of pregnancies, performed cesarean sections, and the type of cesarean sections (urgent vs planned).

Conclusion

Surgical treatment should be offered to symptomatic women with isthmocele and secondary infertility. Given the absence of comparative studies, laparoscopic niche resection is the method of choice for a large uterine niche with an RMT <3 mm. Nonetheless, it offers comparable pregnancy outcomes to the laparotomic approach.
Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)‐T Cells: A New Era for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment
Authors: Xu Ming , Pan Yang
Published: December 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers and a worldwide health concern that requires novel treatment approaches. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) are the current standard of care; however, their clinical benefits are limited in some advanced and metastatic patients. With the help of gene engineering techniques, a novel adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) called chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T cells was recently introduced for treating HCC. A plethora of current clinical and preclinical studies are attempting to improve the efficacy of CAR‐T cells by dominating the immunosuppressive environment of HCC and finding the best tumor‐specific antigens (TSAs). The future of care for HCC patients might be drastically improved due to the convergence of novel therapeutic methods and the continuous progress in ACT research. However, the clinical application of CAR‐T cells in solid tumors is still facing several challenges. In this study, we provide an overview of the advancement and prospects of CAR‐T cell immunotherapy in HCC, as well as an investigation of how cutting‐edge engineering could improve CAR‐T cell efficacy and safety profile.
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Bioavailability of ACM‐001.1 (S‐Pindolol Benzoate) in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Misselwitz Frank , Henderson Dennis , Menakuru Somasekhara R. , Morten Elaine , Roe Chris , Whitaker Gareth , Wohlfeil Stefan , McDermott John
Published: December 2024

Background

S‐pindolol has metabolic effects of potential benefit in cancer cachexia: reduced catabolism through nonselective β‐blockade; increased anabolism through partial β2 receptor agonism; and increased appetite and reduced fatigue through central 5‐hydroxytryptamine/serotonin receptor activity. A Phase 2a clinical trial demonstrated that S‐pindolol can reverse weight loss and improve fat‐free mass in patients with cancer‐related weight loss. A comparative phase I bioavailability study of S‐pindolol and racemic pindolol was performed to support the development of S‐pindolol in cancer cachexia.

Methods

This two‐part study assessed the comparative bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of single doses of S‐pindolol benzoate (ACM‐001.1) or pindolol (Part 1) and the steady‐state pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of multiple doses of ACM‐001.1 and pindolol (Part 2) in healthy volunteers (NCT06028321). ACM‐001.1 5, 10 and 15 mg and pindolol 15, 20 and 30 mg were tested. In Part 1, subjects were randomised to ACM‐001.1 15 mg followed after a 48‐h washout period by pindolol 30 mg, or the reverse sequence; another group received pindolol 15 mg. Subjects in Part 2 were randomised to pindolol 20 mg twice‐daily or ACM‐001.1 5, 10 or 15 mg twice‐daily for 4 days. Bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, potential for and extent of stereoconversion, and tolerability were assessed.

Results

Parts 1 and 2 included 24 and 27 healthy volunteers, respectively. ACM‐001.1 had predictable pharmacokinetics up to a dose of 15 mg twice daily, with low intersubject variability, after single and multiple doses (Tmax 1 vs. 1.5 h; Cmax 74 vs. 73.6 ng/mL; AUC(0−t) 440 vs. 414 ng·h/mL; t1/2 4.042 vs. 3.566 h). The bioavailability of S‐pindolol after equivalent doses of pindolol (20 mg) and ACM‐001.1 (10 mg) was comparable, and formal bioequivalence margins were met (90% CI for Cmax, AUC(0−t) and AUC(0–inf) within 80%–125% bioequivalence acceptance criteria). No evidence of stereoconversion of the S‐enantiomer into the R‐enantiomer, no accumulation, dose linearity and dose proportionality of S‐pindolol over a range of doses were demonstrated; we also show indirectly that there was no food effect. ACM‐001.1 was generally well tolerated, with no apparent relationship of side effects to dose, no serious adverse events, severe treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) or deaths, and similar incidences of TEAEs (fatigue, dizziness, somnolence, nausea and headache) with ACM‐001.1 10 and 15 mg and pindolol 20 mg.

Conclusions

Data from this bridging study of enantiomerically pure ACM‐001.1 and its parent racemic drug, pindolol, support clinical trials of ACM‐001.1 for the treatment of cancer cachexia.
Beyond the Organization: Implications of Geographic Flexibility for Workers
Authors: Merriman Kimberly K.
Published: December 2024

Geographic flexibility among workers to choose where they live rather than remain tethered to a specific physical office has emerged as a valued workplace benefit. Even before the prevalence of remote and distributed work, in‐demand skilled workers were known to weigh desirable aspects of locales over pay. However, the COVID‐19 pandemic elevated geographic choice to a broader role in workers' lives and the future of work. This study examines how workers derive utility from geographic flexibility and corresponding implications for organizations. I consider both instrumental and symbolic manifestations of utility, including but going beyond pragmatic motives for relocating, such as economic benefits and proximity to family, to encompass the less understood function of place as a target of identification. Findings are derived through an abductive qualitative analysis of 1300 personal narratives on chosen or desired moves at a time of geographic flexibility. Overall this work substantiates four distinct forms of personal utility offered by geographic flexibility—wanderlust, economic, affiliation, and self‐fulfillment—and clarifies identity mechanisms that underlie the place (dis)identification process to advance theorizing. Implications for organizational research and practice are discussed.
Clinical and Multimodal Imaging Features of Hepatic Inflammatory Pseudotumors
Authors: Chen Keke , Luo Minhua , He Yuhong , Huang Danqing , Tang Min , Shi Jiong , Qin Hong , Deng Minying , Wang Wenping , Kong Wentao
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Current literature on imaging characteristics of hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor (HIPT) is limited. This study aimed to analyze the contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) features in HIPT and compare them with contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CEMRI).

Methods

A total of 83 patients with histologically proven HIPT from two medical institutions were included in this study. All patients underwent CEUS within 1 week before surgery or biopsy. Some patients received additional CECT or CEMRI. B‐mode ultrasound (BMUS) features, enhancement parameters of CEUS, CECT and CEMRI were analyzed. Chi‐square test was used to compare the enhancement patterns and diagnostic sensitivity between CEUS and CECT/CEMRI.

Results

On the BMUS, HIPT mainly appeared hypoechoic (83.5%, 66/79), irregular shapes (62.0%, 49/79), heterogeneous echogenicity (72.2%, 57/79), and unclear boundary (65.8%, 52/79). A total of 61.5% (51/83) lesions exhibited mild hyper‐ or iso‐enhancement in the arterial phase (AP), 59.0% (49/83) lesions had internal nonenhanced areas, and most lesions (71.1%, 59/83) showed early wash‐out (<60 seconds) on the CEUS. There were significant differences between CEUS and CECT/CEMRI in enhancement intensity of AP and wash‐out pattern (P < .05). The sensitivity in the diagnosis of HIPT among the three had no statistical difference (P>.05).

Conclusions

The CEUS features of HIPT lesions typically include mildly hyper‐enhanced or iso‐enhanced in AP, rapid wash‐out in PVP, and often small nonenhanced areas within the mass. Furthermore, the wash‐out pattern of CEUS and CECT/CEMRI are inconsistent, more akin to cholangiocarcinoma. The diagnostic efficacy of the three modalities is similar.
Short and proximalized interference screw fixation leads to tibial tunnel bone re‐growth and better hamstring graft integration in ACL reconstruction
Authors: Simon‐Sanchez Francisco J. , Perelli Simone , Pizza Nicola , Delmedico Michelangelo , Morales‐Avalos Rodolfo , Torres Claramunt Raúl , Monllau Joan C.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The stability of the graft in the bony tunnels is of utmost importance in the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) since it ensures safe healing at the tendon‐bone interface. The hypothesis was that when a double tibial fixation was used in ACLR with a short graft of autologous hamstrings, tibial tunnel bone re‐growth and better graft integration would be observed at short‐term follow‐up.

Methods

The analysis included a cohort of 112 patients after a primary ACLR with hamstring tendons who underwent postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 3.0‐Tesla (3.0‐T) 6 months after the surgery. The patients were divided into three groups based on the tibial fixation technique: 40 had a screw (group S), 35 had a screw and cortical button (group S + B) and 37 had a screw and anchor (group S + A). Two orthopaedic specialists independently evaluated the images, who measured the screw‐free tunnel space, and assessed the presence of bone filling in the free tunnel. Furthermore, Ge's protocol was used to determine the graft healing in the tunnel.

Results

In 94 patients a screw‐free tunnel space was detected, and a filling of the tunnel was reported in 80.85% of the cases (76 patients), being partial in 15.79% (12 patients) and complete in 84.21% (64 patients). Patients who presented better graft integration (Ge1) had significantly higher values of screw‐free tunnel length compared to the other ones who had lower graft integration (Ge3)(p < 0.05).

Conclusions

At 6 months postoperative MRI, tibial tunnel bone re‐growth and graft‐tunnel tibial integration after hamstring ACLR is significantly associated with the presence of free space between the anterior tibial cortex and the most distal portion of the interference screw, hence the use of a short and proximalized interference screw is suggested to restore bone stock after hamstring ACLR.

Level of Evidence

Level IV retrospective comparative cohort study.
Suture tapes show superior biomechanical properties and greater meniscal healing compared to conventional sutures in posterior meniscal root tear repairs: A systematic review
Authors: Boksh Khalis , Shepherd Duncan E. T. , Espino Daniel M. , Ghosh Arijit , Boutefnouchet Tarek , Aujla Randeep
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study aims to perform a systematic review to determine whether ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) tapes have superior biomechanical properties compared to conventional sutures in posterior meniscal root tear (PMRT) repairs, and whether this translates into superior clinical outcomes.

Methods

The Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials, PubMed and Embase were used to perform a systematic review using the following search terms: (meniscus OR meniscal) AND (root OR posterior horn) AND (suture OR tape OR wire OR cord). Data pertaining to certain biomechanical properties (load to failure, stiffness, displacement during cyclical loading and at failure), meniscal healing and patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) were extracted.

Results

Seven biomechanical and two clinical studies were included. There were 232 knees for biomechanical testing: 81 with UHMWPE tapes and 151 with conventional sutures (133 with UHMWPE sutures and 18 with Ethibond [Ethicon]). Testing set‐up was similar across studies, but there were differences in repair techniques, including suture configuration, location and method of fixation. In general, the consensus was that tapes had a higher load to failure and stiffness, with similar displacement at failure to that of UHMWPE sutures. A similar trend was also observed when tapes were compared to Ethibond, except for FiberTape (Arthrex). This particular UHMWPE tape showed greater displacement during cyclical loading, resulting from knot slippage. Clinically, there were 73 patients, 41 with UHMWPE tapes and 32 with either UHMWPE sutures (n = 18) or braided polyester sutures (n = 14). Tapes led to greater meniscal healing 1 year postoperatively, with PROMs similar across groups.

Conclusions

UHMWPE tapes generally demonstrated superior biomechanical properties compared to conventional sutures in PMRT repairs with a simple stitch configuration. However, further biomechanical studies are required to determine the extent to which tapes contribute to the repaired construct, especially with more complex repair configurations, as the existing evidence displayed a notable amount of methodological heterogeneity.

Level of Evidence

Level IV systematic review of level IV evidence.
Programmable Metamaterial for In‐Plane Electromagnetic Wave Control in the Microwave Range
Authors: Hu Xiaojun , Peng Liang , Zhuo Ruofan , Zhang Shuang , Ye Dexin
Published: December 2024

Tunable and programable devices hold a significant interest in electromagnetic (EM) engineering. A notable example is the programmable metasurfaces, which are quite powerful in controlling the phase front and steering beam of free‐space waves. Similarly, managing in‐plane EM waves on board is crucial for various applications. However, a programmable metamaterial (PMM) suitable for in‐plane EM wave control is yet to be developed. Here, a PMM is presented that dynamically controls in‐plane waves and is integrated on‐boardly. The PMM is designed by incorporating metallic structures and tunable varactors. By biasing the varactors, a bulk module composed of an array of metamaterial unit cells can exhibit varied responses to incoming waves. As proof of concept, a PMM module for microwave control is fabricated and measured. In experiments, the PMM is successfully programmed to perform three distinct functions: wave splitting, Luneburg focusing, and wave differentiation, around the destination frequency (4.5 GHz). Although the PMM is dispersive and its bandwidth is somehow limited, its central frequency can be shifted in a dynamic range from 4 to 5 GHz. The proposed PMM resembles a miniaturized platform for reprogrammable in‐plane wave control and manipulation, showing promise for realizing full wave operators, integrable computing, and deep learning devices.
Just Walk Out Stores—The Future of Shopping? Examining Configurations of Reasons for and Against Consumer Adoption
Authors: Hazée Simon , De Keyser Arne , Larivière Bart , Kim Yenee , Talebi Arash , Gordeliy Ivan
Published: December 2024

Artificial intelligence‐enabled technologies have paved the way for innovative retail formats, such as “just walk out” stores, where consumers use their smartphone to enter, take what they want, and exit without an elaborate checkout process. Despite its promise, however, this new retail format has challenges maturing and being fully embraced by consumers. Coupling behavioral reasoning theory with a configurational perspective, this multimethod paper examines consumers' contextualized reasons for and against adoption of just walk out stores. Through qualitative field depth interviews (n = 60), Study 1 uncovers five reasons for (i.e., access convenience, transaction convenience, search convenience, no need for interaction, and limited social judgment) and seven reasons against (i.e., technology reliability concerns, entry inconvenience, payment unease, customer care inconvenience, privacy, contamination, and assortment‐related concerns) adoption of just walk out stores. Building on a subsequent empirical online survey (n = 546), Study 2 uses fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis and shows that different configurations (or combinations) of reasons for and against may lead to favorable and unfavorable attitude and adoption intentions. This research contributes to the emerging literature on artificial intelligence‐enabled retail formats by shedding light on the nuanced adoption/rejection drivers of just walk out stores. With these insights, retailers can tailor their approaches to minimize barriers and accentuate positive factors associated with customer adoption of just walk out stores.
Long‐Range Temporal Correlations in Electroencephalography for Parkinson's Disease Progression
Authors: Lee Chih‐Hong , Juan Chi‐Hung , Chen Hsiang‐Han , Hong Jia‐Pei , Liao Ting‐Wei , French Isobel , Lo Yen‐Shi , Wang Yi‐Ru , Cheng Mei‐Ling , Wu Hsiu‐Chuan , Chen Chiung‐Mei , Chang Kuo‐Hsuan
Published: December 2024

Background

Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) present progressive deterioration in both motor and non‐motor manifestations. However, the absence of clinical biomarkers for disease progression hinders clinicians from tailoring treatment strategies effectively.

Objectives

To identify electroencephalography (EEG) biomarker that can track disease progression in PD.

Methods

A total of 116 patients with PD were initially enrolled, whereas 63 completed 2‐year follow‐up evaluation. Fifty‐eight age‐ and sex‐matched healthy individuals were recruited as the control group. All participants underwent EEG and clinical assessments. Long‐range temporal correlations (LRTC) of EEG data were analyzed using the detrended fluctuation analysis.

Results

Patients with PD exhibited higher LRTC in left parietal θ oscillations (P = 0.0175) and lower LRTC in centro‐parietal γ oscillations (P = 0.0258) compared to controls. LRTC in parietal γ oscillations inversely correlated with changes in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part III scores over 2 years (Spearman ρ = −0.34, P = 0.0082). Increased LRTC in left parietal θ oscillations were associated with rapid motor progression (P = 0.0107), defined as an annual increase in UPDRS part III score ≥3. In cognitive assessments, LRTC in parieto‐occipital α oscillations exhibited a positive correlation with changes in Mini‐Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores over 2 years (Spearman ρ = 0.27–0.38, P = 0.0037–0.0452).

Conclusions

LRTC patterns in EEG potentially predict rapid progression of both motor and non‐motor manifestations in PD patients, enhancing clinical assessment and understanding of the disease. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
The Road to a Realistic 3D Model for Estimating R2 and R2* Relaxation Versus Gd‐DTPA Concentration in Whole Blood and Brain Tumor Vasculature
Authors: van Dorth Daniëlle , Alafandi Ahmad , Soloukey Sadaf , Kruizinga Pieter , Venugopal Krishnapriya , Delphin Aurélien , Poot Dirk H. J. , Christen Thomas , Smits Marion , de Bresser Jeroen , Hernandez‐Tamames Juan A. , van Osch Matthias J. P.
Published: December 2024

Dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI is commonly part of brain tumor imaging. For quantitative analysis, measurement of the arterial input function and tissue concentration time curve is required. Usually, a linear relationship between the MR signal changes and contrast agent concentration ([Gd]) is assumed, even though this is a known simplification. The aim of this study was to develop a realistic 3D simulation model as an efficient method to assess the relationship between ΔR2(*) and [Gd] both in whole blood and brain tissue. We modified an open‐source 3D simulation model to study different red blood cell configurations for assessing whole‐blood ΔR2(*) versus [Gd]. The results were validated against previously obtained 2D data and in vitro data. Furthermore, hematocrit levels (30%–50%) and field strengths (1.5–3.0–7.0 T) were varied. Subsequently, realistic tumor vascular networks were derived from intraoperative high framerate Doppler ultrasound data to study the influence of vascular structure and orientation with respect to the main magnetic field (1.5–3.0–7.0 T) for the calculation of ΔR2(*) versus [Gd] in brain tissue. For whole blood, good agreement of the 3D model was found with in vitro and 2D simulation data when red blood cells were aligned with the blood flow. For brain tissue, minor differences were found between the vascular networks. The effect of vessel direction with respect to B0 was apparent in case of clear directionality of the main vessels. The dependency on field strength agreed with previous reports. In conclusion, we have shown that the relationship between ΔR2(*) and [Gd] is affected by the organization of red blood cells and orientation of blood vessels with respect to the main magnetic field, as well as the field strength. These findings are important for further optimization of the realistic 3D model that could eventually be used to improve the estimation of hemodynamic parameters from DSC‐MRI.
‘Menjadi Manusia’ (Becoming Somebody): The Aspirations and Realities of Marind Young People, Papua, Indonesia
Authors: Sudibyo Lintang , Parker Lyn
Published: December 2024

The Marind live in the southeast corner of Indonesian Papua, traditionally relying on sago cultivation, gardening, hunting and foraging for their daily subsistence. Like many Indigenous People, they have been subject to a series of unsought and often devastating incursions – of disease, sedentarization, cultural dislocation, the theft of traditional economic resources, the occupation of their land by large numbers of transmigrants, and the depredations of a massive agri‐business development. Multiple observers have predicted their annihilation over more than a century. Against this dire backdrop, it is important to study the aspirations and experiences of Marind youth. Drawing on 18 months of ethnographic fieldwork, the article examines the meanings of the ubiquitous and hopeful expression, the desire to ‘menjadi manusia’, to ‘become somebody’, as a measure of human‐ness, and of Marind, and Papuan identity. Parents admonish their children to go to school so that they can ‘become somebody’ – thereby challenging the stigmatizing perception that the Marind are backward and inferior to non‐Papuan Indonesians. The article analyses the life stories of several Marind young people, showing their aspirations and the precariousness and unpredictability of their life pathways, but also their adaptability and resilience.
Rancher viewpoint diversity in human–wildlife coexistence management: The case of jaguar–livestock interaction in the region of Calakmul, Mexico
Authors: Gordillo‐Chávez Elías J. , Villanueva‐García Claudia , Melo‐Guerrero Enrique , Hidalgo‐Mihart Mircea G. , Lizana‐Avia Miguel , Rodríguez‐López Fernando , Colino‐Rabanal Victor J.
Published: December 2024

Protected areas in Latin America are typically surrounded by ranching landscapes, where large carnivores such as the jaguar (Panthera onca), co‐habit with ranchers, which potentially causes negative interactions. It is crucial, however, recognize that effective coexistence hinges on developing conservation policies that not only address these negative interactions but also embrace the diversity of the landowners' perspectives, aligning with the preferences of communities to prevent conservation conflicts.

In this study, we conducted discrete choice experiments (DCE) with 196 ranchers in five localities in the Calakmul region to assess their preferences about four key attributes related to jaguar conservation: percentage of forests, livestock management practices, the number of desired jaguars and the willingness to invest in measures that promote coexistence between livestock and jaguars.

Our research reveals that ranchers' preferences are diverse. Some favour increased forest cover and silvopastoral ranching, while others prefer reduced forest areas and the absence of jaguars. To address these diverse viewpoints and promote positive preferences, we must develop a comprehensive strategy considering the full spectrum of needs and preferences.

Therefore, conservation incentives must be designed to address local communities' fundamental needs, such as education, healthcare, women's empowerment and cultural preservation. Participatory diagnostics involving local communities are imperative to accurately identify these needs. The observed heterogeneity of preferences in our study emphasizes the importance of integrating these diverse perspectives into conservation policies for a more balanced and equitable distribution of resources.

Our findings demonstrate the value of DCEs in providing valuable information for developing more effective and socially acceptable jaguar conservation policies that consider diverse perspectives and the people's characteristics in our sample population.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Investigation on the Changes of Perioperative Psychological State of Young Patients With Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Ren Yinpeng , Wang Xiangyu , Peng Wenya , Yang Kairong , Kong Xiangyi , Jiang Jiang , Wang Jing
Published: December 2024

Objective

This study aims to explore the variations and dynamics in the mental states of young patients with early breast cancer across different perioperative periods and to analyse how different surgical methods impact these patients' psychological well‐being.

Methods

A prospective observational study was conducted on young patients with early breast cancer who underwent surgery from March 2021 to March 2022. Mental status questionnaires were administered at four key time points: preoperatively, 1 month, 6 months and 1 year postoperatively. The collected data were statistically analysed to discern the psychological shifts in these patients throughout the perioperative timeline. The patients were categorized into either the breast‐conserving or mastectomy group based on their surgical procedure, and their mental state scores during each phase were analysed to investigate the effects of different surgical methods on their psychological health.

Results

During the study period, 149 young patients with early breast cancer completed the four‐phase questionnaire. Statistically significant differences were observed in self‐evaluation, self‐esteem, physiological state, fear of death, economic stress, negative emotion, and anxiety and depression among these patients across different periods. The baseline data revealed differences in marital status, place of residence and prior tumour history between the two surgical groups. Significant differences in self‐evaluation, depression, self‐esteem and positive emotions were found between the breast‐conserving group and mastectomy groups.

Conclusion

Breast cancer presents significant physical and psychological challenges from diagnosis through treatment. Our findings indicate that young patients with early breast cancer experience varying degrees of psychological distress during the entire perioperative period, influencing their surgical choices and postoperative recovery. This study found that the psychological state of patients undergoing breast‐conserving surgery is more favourable compared with that of patients who received mastectomies, particularly in terms of self‐assessment, self‐esteem, positive affect and depression levels.
An In Vitro‐In Vivo Comparative Study Using Highly Sensitive Radioisotopic Assays to Assess the Predictive Power of Emerging Blood‐Brain Barrier Models
Authors: Refaat Ahmed , Thomas Patrick , Zhang Weisen , Esser Lars , Tong Ziqiu , Beer Michael , Mawdsley David , Thirkettle‐Watts David , Shields Katherine A. , Nicolazzo Joseph A. , Voelcker Nicolas H.
Published: December 2024

Microfluidic BBB‐on‐a‐chip models (μBBB) aim to recapitulate the organotypic features of the human BBB with great potential to model CNS diseases and advance CNS therapeutics. Nevertheless, their predictive capacity for drug uptake into the brain remains uncertain due to limited evaluation with only a small number of model drugs. Here, the in vivo brain uptake of a panel of nine radiolabeled compounds is evaluated in Swiss‐outbred mice following a single intravenously administered dose and compared against results from the microfluidic μBBB platform and the conventional Transwell BBB model. Radioisotopic measurements are employed to calculate brain‐to‐plasma concentration ratios (B/P) of the compounds both in vivo and in vitro. The in vitro‐in vivo correlation plots of the B/P ratios revealed a strong positive correlation (r = 0.8081, R2 = 0.6530) for the μBBB, suggesting a high degree of predictive ability for drug permeability into the brain. In contrast, the Transwell assay showed a weaker in vitro‐in vivo correlation (r = 0.6467, R2 = 0.4182). Finally, brain uptake of radiolabeled, brain‐targeted, angiopep2‐conjugated nanoparticles (ANG2‐NP) is assessed in the μBBB and results mirrored the in vivo uptake, while the Transwell model failed to resolve the differences between the targeted and non‐targeted NPs.
Hydrogen Permeation and Hydrogen Embrittlement Behavior of GPa‐Grade Hot‐Rolled Transformation‐Induced Plasticity Steels under Different Coiling Temperatures
Authors: Zhang Bin , Lu Shuai , Pan Haijun , Tao Wenyu , Du Yu , Du Linxiu
Published: December 2024

The hydrogen permeation and hydrogen embrittlement behavior are studied in GPa‐grade hot‐rolled transformation‐induced plasticity steels with different volume fractions of retained austenite, which is obtained by different coiling temperatures. The hydrogen permeation test indicates that the breakthrough time (tb), apparent hydrogen concentration (C0R), and hydrogen trap density (NT) increase with increasing coiling temperature, while the effective hydrogen diffusion coefficient (Deff) decreases. The results of the slow‐strain rate tensile test show that hydrogen charging can reduce the elongation of the experimental steel but has little impact on the strength of the experimental steel. When the hydrogen charging time is increased to 60 min, the free hydrogen and hydrogen captured by the trapping sites increase significantly, resulting in severe hydrogen embrittlement damage and intergranular fracture. The hydrogen embrittlement resistance of GPa‐grade hot‐rolled TRIP steels can be improved by enhancing the stability of retained austenite to increase the critical strain at which the TRIP effect occurs.
Corrosion Behavior of Austempered Ductile Iron in Molten Al
Authors: Zheng Qi , Du Yuzhou , Li Wei , Zhou Rui , Jiang Bailing
Published: December 2024

The corrosion behavior of austempered ductile iron (ADI) in molten aluminum (Al) is investigated in the present study. The results indicate that ADI demonstrates a superior corrosion resistance when exposed to molten Al for an extended period. The intermetallic compounds (IMCs) layer is primarily composed of Fe2Al5 and FeAl3. The thickness of intermetallic layer decreases from 49 to 30 μm with the increase of corrosion time, in which the thickness of Fe2Al5 decreases, while that of FeAl3 remains relatively unchanged. This outcome is primarily attributed to the formation of fine graphite nodules resulting from the decomposition of ausferrite. Additionally, the formation of Fe–Al–Si compound at the interface of IMC and ADI impedes the diffusion of Al atoms into ductile iron.