bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Assessment of Protons During the Solar Proton Events of September 2017
Authors: Pandya Megha , Bhaskara Veenadhari
Published: September 2021

We present multi‐spacecraft observations of the proton fluxes spanning from 1.5 to 433 MeV for the largest solar proton event of solar cycle 24, i.e., September 7 and 10, 2017. In September 2017, M5.5 flare on September 4, X9.3 flare on September 6 and X8.2 flare on September 10 gave rise to solar proton event when observed by near‐Earth spacecrafts. On September 7 and September 10, 2017, a strong enhancement in the proton intensities was observed by Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) and WIND at L1 and Van Allen Probes, GOES‐15 and POES‐19 in the Earth's inner magnetosphere. Below geosynchronous orbit, Van Allen Probes and POES‐19 show that no significant proton flux was observed with energies 25 MeV on September 4, while the fluxes peaked 3 to 7‐times during September 7 and by times during the third proton flux event on September 10, 2017. Van Allen Probe‐A observation shows that the closest distance that solar proton fluxes could approach the Earth is ∼4.4 for 102.6 MeV energies on September 2017, while lower energy protons i.e., 25 MeV are observed deep up to ∼3.4 on September 2017. POES‐19 observations show that there is no particular magnetic local time (MLT) dependence of the solar proton flux and is symmetric everywhere at high and low latitudes. The measurements from multiple spacecrafts located in the different regions of the Earth's magnetosphere show that the increased level of solar proton flux population persisted for ∼2 days. Thus, we quantify the temporal flux variability in terms of ‐value, energy and MLT.
On the Westward Quasi‐8‐Day Planetary Waves in the Middle Atmosphere During Arctic Sudden Stratospheric Warmings
Authors: Qin Yusong , Gu Sheng‐Yang , Dou Xiankang , Teng Chen‐Ke‐Min , Li Huijun
Published: September 2021

Using the geopotential height measurements from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder and the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry instrument on the Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics satellite, we found eight westward quasi‐8‐day wave (Q8DW) events with zonal wavenumber 1 (W1) during the Arctic sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) in 2005–2020. The W1 Q8DW perturbations are mainly confined to the middle and high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere, and peak at ∼50–80 km. Specified Dynamics Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model eXtended version simulations are utilized to reproduce the Q8DW activities. The diagnostic results indicate that the W1 Q8DWs originate from the high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere stratosphere. Their excitation, propagation, and amplification are primarily influenced by the critical layers and baroclinic/barotropic instability, which are dependent on the background conditions during SSWs. Our statistical results show that the W1 planetary waves with periods shorter than 12 days during the Arctic SSWs are most frequently observed at the period of ∼8 days, which is significantly different from the climatological periods of the Rossby (1, 1) and (1, 2) normal modes (6.14 and 9.81 days, respectively). These results indicate that the W1 Q8DW may be a new wave mode. Finally, we found that the reversal (or deceleration) and the recovery of the zonal mean flow during SSWs can result in a zonally symmetric Q8DW, and the W1 Q8DW is likely the child wave generated by the nonlinear interaction between the stationary planetary wave with zonal wavenumber 1 and zonally symmetric Q8DW.
TCF7L2 lncRNA: a link between bipolar disorder and body mass index through glucocorticoid signaling
Authors: Liu Duan , Nguyen Thanh Thanh Le , Gao Huanyao , Huang Huaizhi , Kim Daniel C. , Sharp Brenna , Ye Zhenqing , Lee Jeong-Heon , Coombes Brandon J. , Ordog Tamas , Wang Liewei , Biernacka Joanna M. , Frye Mark A. , Weinshilboum Richard M.
Published: September 2021

Bipolar disorder (BD) and obesity are highly comorbid. We previously performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for BD risk accounting for the effect of body mass index (BMI), which identified a genome-wide significant single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the gene encoding the transcription factor 7 like 2 (TCF7L2). However, the molecular function of TCF7L2 in the central nervous system (CNS) and its possible role in the BD and BMI interaction remained unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated by studying human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived astrocytes, cells that highly express TCF7L2 in the CNS, that the BD-BMI GWAS risk SNP is associated with glucocorticoid-dependent repression of the expression of a previously uncharacterized TCF7L2 transcript variant. That transcript is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA-TCF7L2) that is highly expressed in the CNS but not in peripheral tissues such as the liver and pancreas that are involved in metabolism. In astrocytes, knockdown of the lncRNA-TCF7L2 resulted in decreased expression of the parent gene, TCF7L2, as well as alterations in the expression of a series of genes involved in insulin signaling and diabetes. We also studied the function of TCF7L2 in hiPSC-derived astrocytes by integrating RNA sequencing data after TCF7L2 knockdown with TCF7L2 chromatin-immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) data. Those studies showed that TCF7L2 directly regulated a series of BD risk genes. In summary, these results support the existence of a CNS-based mechanism underlying BD-BMI genetic risk, a mechanism based on a glucocorticoid-dependent expression quantitative trait locus that regulates the expression of a novel TCF7L2 non-coding transcript.
CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene correction ameliorates abnormal phenotypes in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: He Lang , Wang Shang , Peng Linliu , Zhao Huifang , Li Shuai , Han Xiaobo , Habimana Jean de Dieu , Chen Zhao , Wang Chunrong , Peng Yun , Peng Huirong , Xie Yue , Lei Lijing , Deng Qi , Wan Linlin , Wan Na , Yuan Hongyu , Gong Yiqing , Zou Guangdong , Li Zhiyuan , Tang Beisha , Jiang Hong
Published: September 2021

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3/Machado–Joseph disease (SCA3/MJD) is a progressive autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease caused by abnormal CAG repeats in the exon 10 ofATXN3. The accumulation of the mutant ataxin-3 proteins carrying expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) leads to selective degeneration of neurons. Since the pathogenesis of SCA3 has not been fully elucidated, and no effective therapies have been identified, it is crucial to investigate the pathogenesis and seek new therapeutic strategies of SCA3. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be used as the ideal cell model for the molecular pathogenesis of polyQ diseases. Abnormal CAG expansions mediated by CRISPR/Cas9 genome engineering technologies have shown promising potential for the treatment of polyQ diseases, including SCA3. In this study, SCA3-iPSCs can be corrected by the replacement of the abnormal CAG expansions (74 CAG) with normal repeats (17 CAG) using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated homologous recombination (HR) strategy. Besides, corrected SCA3-iPSCs retained pluripotent and normal karyotype, which can be differentiated into a neural stem cell (NSCs) and neuronal cells, and maintained electrophysiological characteristics. The expression of differentiation markers and electrophysiological characteristics were similar among the neuronal differentiation from normal control iPSCs (Ctrl-iPSCs), SCA3-iPSCs, and isogenic control SCA3-iPSCs. Furthermore, this study proved that the phenotypic abnormalities in SCA3 neurons, including aggregated IC2-polyQ protein, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and glutathione expressions, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), intracellular Ca2+concentrations, and lipid peroxidase malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, all were rescued in the corrected SCA3-NCs. For the first time, this study demonstrated the feasibility of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated HR strategy to precisely repair SCA3-iPSCs, and reverse the corresponding abnormal disease phenotypes. In addition, the importance of genetic control using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated iPSCs for disease modeling. Our work may contribute to providing a potential ideal model for molecular mechanism research and autologous stem cell therapy of SCA3 or other polyQ diseases, and offer a good gene therapy strategy for future treatment.
CHIP promotes the activation of NF-κB signaling through enhancing the K63-linked ubiquitination of TAK1
Authors: Liu Yuchun , Sun Yao , Han Shaoming , Guo Yanan , Tian Qingnan , Ma Qiang , Zhang Shoutao
Published: September 2021

Transcriptional factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) can be activated by various intracellular or extracellular stimuli and its dysregulation leads to pathological conditions, such as neurodegenerative disorders, infection, and cancer. The carboxyl terminus of HSC70-interacting protein (CHIP), a pathogenic gene of spinocerebellar autosomal recessive 16 (SCAR16), plays an important roles in protein degradation, trafficking, and multiple signaling transductions. It has been reported that CHIP participates in the regulation of NF-κB signaling, and the mutant of CHIP (p.T246M) leads to the occurrence of SCAR16. However, the detailed mechanism of CHIP and CHIP (p.T246M) in the regulation of NF-κB signaling in neurological disorders remains unclear. Here, we found that CHIP promoted the activation of NF-κB signaling, while the knockdown had the opposite effect. Furthermore, CHIP interacted with TAK1 and targeted it for K63-linked ubiquitination. Finally, CHIP enhanced the interaction between TAK1 and NEMO. However, CHIP (p.T246M) couldn’t upregulate NF-κB signaling, potentiate the ubiquitination of TAK1, and enhance the interactions. Taken together, our study demonstrated for the first time that CHIP positively regulates NF-κB signaling by targeting TAK1 and enhancing its K63-linked ubiquitination.
Recurrence biomarkers of triple negative breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and anti-EGFR antibodies
Authors: Radosevic-Robin Nina , Selenica Pier , Zhu Yingjie , Won Helen H. , Berger Michael F. , Ferrando Lorenzo , Cocco Emiliano , Privat Maud , Ponelle-Chachuat Flora , Abrial Catherine , Nabholtz Jean-Marc , Penault-Llorca Frederique , Reis-Filho Jorge S. , Scaltriti Maurizio
Published: September 2021

To find metastatic recurrence biomarkers of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy and anti-EGFR antibodies (NAT), we evaluated tumor genomic, transcriptomic, and immune features, using MSK-IMPACT assay, gene arrays, Nanostring technology, and TIL assessment on H&E. Six patients experienced a rapid fatal recurrence (RR) and other 6 had later non-fatal recurrences (LR). Before NAT, RR had low expression of 6 MHC class I and 13 MHC class II genes but were enriched in upregulated genes involved in the cell cycle-related pathways. Their TIL number before NAT in RR was very low (<5%) and did not increase after treatment. In post-NAT residual tumors, RR cases showed high expression of SOX2 and CXCR4. Our results indicate that high expression of cell cycle genes, combined with cold immunological phenotype, may predict strong TNBC resistance to NAT and rapid progression after it. This biomarker combination is worth validation in larger studies.
Comprehensive subtyping of Parkinson’s disease patients with similarity fusion: a case study with BioFIND data
Authors: Brendel Matthew , Su Chang , Hou Yu , Henchcliffe Claire , Wang Fei
Published: September 2021

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder with diverse clinical manifestations. To better understand this disease, research has been done to categorize, or subtype, patients, using an array of criteria derived from clinical assessments and biospecimen analyses. In this study, using data from the BioFIND cohort, we aimed at identifying subtypes of moderate-to-advanced PD via comprehensively considering motor and non-motor manifestations. A total of 103 patients were included for analysis. Through the use of a patient-wise similarity matrix fusion technique and hierarchical agglomerative clustering analysis, three unique subtypes emerged from the clustering results. Subtype I, comprised of 60 patients (~58.3%), was characterized by mild symptoms, both motor and non-motor. Subtype II, comprised of 20 (~19.4%) patients, was characterized by an intermediate severity, with a high tremor score and mild non-motor symptoms. Subtype III, comprised of 23 (~22.3%) patients, was characterized by more severe motor and non-motor symptoms. These subtypes show statistically significant differences when looking at motor (on and off medication) clinical features and non-motor clinical features, while there was no clear difference in demographics, biomarker levels, and genetic risk scores.
The study of Dominican amber-bearing sediments from Siete Cañadas and La Cumbre with a discussion on their origin
Authors: Stach Paweł , Natkaniec-Nowak Lucyna , Dumańska-Słowik Magdalena , Kosakowski Paweł , Naglik Beata , Drzewicz Przemysław , Misiak Jacek , Pršek Jaroslav , George Carlos , Ramírez Gómez Ramón Elías
Published: September 2021

The paper presents comprehensive mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of Dominican amber-bearing sediments from Siete Cañadas, Hato Mayor Province of the Eastern Mining District (EMD) in the Cordillera Oriental. The characteristics of rocks collected from the borehole in Siete Cañadas area (EMD) were compared with petrography of coaly shales from La Cumbre in the Northern Mining District (NMD). The mineralogy of the rocks was determined using transmitted and reflected light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy. Biomarker analyses by the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry were used to trace the genetic source and transformation stage of organic matter hosted in the core sediments. In this study, the characteristics of rocks from La Cumbre were supplemented with the petrographic data from our studies reported earlier. Based on the findings, it has been concluded that the basins in the investigated parts of the EMD and NMD regions were likely characterized by different, isolated palaeosettings. Transformation and maturation of terrigenous material were affected by locally occurring physicochemical conditions. In both amber deposits, the sedimentation of clastic and organic material proceeded in the presence of marine conditions. In case of the La Cumbre deposit (NMD area), the sedimentation underwent probably in the conditions of the lagoon environment, a shallow maritime lake or periodically flooded plain that facilitated organic matter decomposition and carbonation from meta-lignite to sub-bituminous coal (random reflectance of coal—Rro = 0.39%). In the Siete Cañadas (EMD region), the sedimentation took place in a shallow saltwater basin, where terrigenous material was likely mixed with material found in situ (fauna fossils, carbonate-group minerals) to form the mudstones enriched in bituminous substance of low maturity. The organic matter found in the rocks from both deposits is of mixed terrestrial/marine origin and was deposited in the presence of low oxygen concentration and reducing and/or dysoxic conditions.
Novel variants in Krueppel like factor 1 that cause persistence of fetal hemoglobin in In(Lu) individuals
Authors: Eernstman Jesse , Veldhuisen Barbera , Ligthart Peter , von Lindern Marieke , van der Schoot C. Ellen , van den Akker Emile
Published: September 2021

Beta-hemoglobinopathies become prominent after birth due to a switch from γ-globin to the mutated β-globin. Haploinsufficiency for the erythroid specific indispensable transcription factor Krueppel-like factor 1 (KLF1) is associated with high persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH). The In(Lu) phenotype, characterized by low to undetectable Lutheran blood group expression is caused by mutations within KLF1 gene. Here we screened a blood donor cohort of 55 Lutheran weak or negative donors for KLF1 variants and evaluated their effect on KLF1 target gene expression. To discriminate between weak and negative Lutheran expression, a flow cytometry (FCM) assay was developed to detect Lu antigen expression. The Lu(a−b−) (negative) donor group, showing a significant decreased CD44 (Indian blood group) expression, also showed increased HbF and HbA2 levels, with one individual expressing HbF as high as 5%. KLF1 exons and promoter sequencing revealed variants in 80% of the Lutheran negative donors. Thirteen different variants plus one high frequency SNP (c.304 T > C) were identified of which 6 were novel. In primary erythroblasts, knockdown of endogenous KLF1 resulted in decreased CD44, Lu and increased HbF expression, while KLF1 over-expressing cells were comparable to wild type (WT). In line with the pleiotropic effects of KLF1 during erythropoiesis, distinct KLF1 mutants expressed in erythroblasts display different abilities to rescue CD44 and Lu expression and/or to affect fetal (HbF) or adult (HbA) hemoglobin expression. With this study we identified novel KLF1 variants to be include into blood group typing analysis. In addition, we provide further insights into the regulation of genes by KLF1.
Cerebrospinal fluid markers in incident pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis: a nationwide study
Authors: McKay Kyla A. , Wickström Ronny , Hillert Jan , Karrenbauer Virginija Danylaite
Published: September 2021

To investigate whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers differ between pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (PoMS, onset < 18 years) and adult-onset (AoMS), and whether these markers are associated with clinical outcomes among PoMS. Prospective nationwide registry study of incident MS, including persons with a CSF sample < 3 years post-MS onset. We compared CSF oligoclonal band (OCB) status, immunoglobulin G (IgG) index levels, and mononuclear cell count between PoMS and AoMS. Within the PoMS cohort we analyzed the association between CSF markers, relapse rate and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score, using negative binomial regression and generalized estimating equations, respectively. The cohort consisted of 130 PoMS and 3228 AoMS cases. The PoMS group had higher odds of OCB-positivity (odds ratio: 2.70; 95% CI 1.21–7.67). None of the CSF markers were associated with relapse rate in the PoMS cohort; however, OCB-positivity was associated with higher EDSS scores. This study suggested that PoMS more commonly display CSF evidence for intrathecal IgG production than AoMS. Further, we found evidence of a relationship between OCB-positivity and subsequent disability, suggesting that they could play a role in the prognostication of MS in children.
Exploiting genomic surveillance to map the spatio-temporal dispersal of SARS-CoV-2 spike mutations in Belgium across 2020
Authors: Bollen Nena , Artesi Maria , Durkin Keith , Hong Samuel L. , Potter Barney , Boujemla Bouchra , Vanmechelen Bert , Martí-Carreras Joan , Wawina-Bokalanga Tony , Meex Cécile , Bontems Sébastien , Hayette Marie-Pierre , André Emmanuel , Maes Piet , Bours Vincent , Baele Guy , Dellicour Simon
Published: September 2021

At the end of 2020, several new variants of SARS-CoV-2—designated variants of concern—were detected and quickly suspected to be associated with a higher transmissibility and possible escape of vaccine-induced immunity. In Belgium, this discovery has motivated the initiation of a more ambitious genomic surveillance program, which is drastically increasing the number of SARS-CoV-2 genomes to analyse for monitoring the circulation of viral lineages and variants of concern. In order to efficiently analyse the massive collection of genomic data that are the result of such increased sequencing efforts, streamlined analytical strategies are crucial. In this study, we illustrate how to efficiently map the spatio-temporal dispersal of target mutations at a regional level. As a proof of concept, we focus on the Belgian province of Liège that has been consistently sampled throughout 2020, but was also one of the main epicenters of the second European epidemic wave. Specifically, we employ a recently developed phylogeographic workflow to infer the regional dispersal history of viral lineages associated with three specific mutations on the spike protein (S98F, A222V and S477N) and to quantify their relative importance through time. Our analytical pipeline enables analysing large data sets and has the potential to be quickly applied and updated to track target mutations in space and time throughout the course of an epidemic.
IIIG9 inhibition in adult ependymal cells changes adherens junctions structure and induces cellular detachment
Authors: Baeza Victor , Cifuentes Manuel , Martínez Fernando , Ramírez Eder , Nualart Francisco , Ferrada Luciano , Oviedo María José , De Lima Isabelle , Troncoso Ninoschka , Saldivia Natalia , Salazar Katterine
Published: September 2021

Ependymal cells have multiple apical cilia that line the ventricular surfaces and the central canal of spinal cord. In cancer, the loss of ependymal cell polarity promotes the formation of different types of tumors, such as supratentorial anaplastic ependymomas, which are highly aggressive in children. IIIG9 (PPP1R32) is a protein restricted to adult ependymal cells located in cilia and in the apical cytoplasm and has unknown function. In this work, we studied the expression and localization of IIIG9 in the adherens junctions (cadherin/β-catenin-positive junctions) of adult brain ependymal cells using confocal and transmission electron microscopy. Through in vivo loss-of-function studies, ependymal denudation (single-dose injection experiments of inhibitory adenovirus) was observed, inducing the formation of ependymal cells with a “balloon-like” morphology. These cells had reduced cadherin expression (and/or delocalization) and cleavage of the cell death marker caspase-3, with “cilia rigidity” morphology (probably vibrational beating activity) and ventriculomegaly occurring prior to these events. Finally, after performing continuous infusions of adenovirus for 14 days, we observed total cell denudation and reactive parenchymal astrogliosis. Our data confirmed that IIIG9 is essential for the maintenance of adherens junctions of polarized ependymal cells. Eventually, altered levels of this protein in ependymal cell differentiation may increase ventricular pathologies, such as hydrocephalus or neoplastic transformation.
A longitudinal cohort study of adolescent elite footballers and controls investigating the development of cam morphology
Authors: Fernquest Scott , Palmer Antony , Gimpel Mo , Birchall Richard , Broomfield John , Wedatilake Thamindu , Dijkstra Hendrik , Burchall Joanna , Lloyd Thomas , Pereira Claudio , Newman Simon , Carr Andrew , Glyn-Jones Sion
Published: September 2021

Cam morphology describes an asphericity of the femoral head that develops during adolescence, is highly prevalent in athletes, and predisposes individuals to future osteoarthritis. However, it’s aetiology remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to perform 3-year longitudinal follow-up of a control population and football club academy cohort to compare the change in hip and growth plate anatomy between athletes and controls. MRI and questionnaires were used to characterise change in hip and growth plate anatomy and quantify activity levels. 121 male academy footballers and 107 male and female controls participated at baseline. Footballers experienced significantly greater increases in femoral head asphericity (4.83 degrees (95% CI: 2.84 to 6.82), p < 0.001) than controls. A positive correlation existed between activity levels and change in femoral head morphology (coefficient 0.79, p  ≤  0.001). Greatest morphological change occurred in individuals aged 11–12 years at baseline, with no significant change in individuals aged 14 years and older at baseline. Cam morphology development was secondary to soft tissue hypertrophy and lateral growth plate extension. In conclusion, excessive loading of the hip joint through exercise prior to 14 years of age may result in growth plate adaptations causing cam morphology. Potential interventions may include training type and load modification in young adolescent football players.
Circulating tumor DNA is readily detectable among Ghanaian breast cancer patients supporting non-invasive cancer genomic studies in Africa
Authors: Ahuno Samuel Terkper , Doebley Anna-Lisa , Ahearn Thomas U. , Yarney Joel , Titiloye Nicholas , Hamel Nancy , Adjei Ernest , Clegg-Lamptey Joe-Nat , Edusei Lawrence , Awuah Baffour , Song Xiaoyu , Vanderpuye Verna , Abubakar Mustapha , Duggan Maire , Stover Daniel G. , Nyarko Kofi , Bartlett John M. S. , Aitpillah Francis , Ansong Daniel , Gardner Kevin L. , Boateng Felix Andy , Bowcock Anne M. , Caldas Carlos , Foulkes William D. , Wiafe Seth , Wiafe-Addai Beatrice , Garcia-Closas Montserrat , Kwarteng Alexander , Ha Gavin , Figueroa Jonine D. , Polak Paz ,   the Ghana Breast Health Study Team, Adjei Robertson , Afriyie Lucy , Adjei Anthony , Dedey Florence , Okyne Victoria , Oti Naomi Ohene , Tay Evelyn , Adu-Aryee  , Kenu Angela , Ekpedzor Obed , Alcpaloo Marion , Boakye Isaac , Arhin Bernard , Assimah Emmanuel , Ka-Chungu Samuel , Oppong Joseph , Osei-Bonsu Ernest , Frempong Margaret , Abaidoo Emma Brew , Mensah Bridget Nortey , Amanama Samuel , Agyapong Prince , Boateng Debora , Agyei Ansong Thomas , Opoku Richard , Gyimah Kofi Owusu , Newman Lisa , Brinton Louise A. , Palakal Maya , Thistle Jake , Brotzman Michelle , Niwa Shelley , Singh Usha , Truelove Ann , Biritwum Richard
Published: September 2021

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) sequencing studies could provide novel insights into the molecular pathology of cancer in sub-Saharan Africa. In 15 patient plasma samples collected at the time of diagnosis as part of the Ghana Breast Health Study and unselected for tumor grade and subtype, ctDNA was detected in a majority of patients based on whole- genome sequencing at high (30×) and low (0.1×) depths. Breast cancer driver copy number alterations were observed in the majority of patients.
Digital intervention increases influenza vaccination rates for people with diabetes in a decentralized randomized trial
Authors: Lee J. L. , Foschini L. , Kumar S. , Juusola J. , Liska J. , Mercer M. , Tai C. , Buzzetti R. , Clement M. , Cos X. , Ji L. , Kanumilli N. , Kerr D. , Montanya E. , Müller-Wieland D. , Ostenson C. G. , Skolnik N. , Woo V. , Burlet N. , Greenberg M. , Samson S. I.
Published: September 2021

People with diabetes (PWD) have an increased risk of developing influenza-related complications, including pneumonia, abnormal glycemic events, and hospitalization. Annual influenza vaccination is recommended for PWD, but vaccination rates are suboptimal. The study aimed to increase influenza vaccination rate in people with self-reported diabetes. This study was a prospective, 1:1 randomized controlled trial of a 6-month Digital Diabetes Intervention in U.S. adults with diabetes. The intervention group received monthly messages through an online health platform. The control group received no intervention. Difference in self-reported vaccination rates was tested using multivariable logistic regression controlling for demographics and comorbidities. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03870997. A total of 10,429 participants reported influenza vaccination status (5158 intervention, mean age (±SD) = 46.8 (11.1), 78.5% female; 5271 control, Mean age (±SD) = 46.7 (11.2), 79.4% female). After a 6-month intervention, 64.2% of the intervention arm reported influenza vaccination, vers us 61.1% in the control arm (diff = 3.1, RR = 1.05, 95% CI [1.02, 1.08], p = 0.0013, number needed to treat = 33 to obtain 1 additional vaccination). Completion of one or more intervention messages was associated with up to an 8% increase in vaccination rate (OR 1.27, 95% CI [1.17, 1.38], p < 0.0001). The intervention improved influenza vaccination rates in PWD, suggesting that leveraging new technology to deliver knowledge and information can improve influenza vaccination rates in high-risk populations to reduce public health burden of influenza. Rapid cycle innovation could maximize the effects of these digital interventions in the future with other populations and vaccines.
Medicinal chemistry and biomedical applications of bismuth-based compounds and nanoparticles
Authors: Griffith Darren M. , Li Hongyan , Werrett Melissa V. , Andrews Philip C. , Sun Hongzhe
Published: September 2021

Bismuth-based compounds have been used extensively as medicines for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders andH. pyloriinfections. Bismuth compounds and Bi-based nanomaterials show promise for emerging infectious diseases, cancer (e.g.213Bi) and also imaging.
Reversible electrochemical conversion from selenium to cuprous selenide
Authors: Sandstrom Sean K. , Jiang Heng , Lucero Marcos , Xu Yunkai , Gallagher Trenton C. , Cao Mengyuan , Feng Zhenxing , Ji Xiulei
Published: September 2021

Using elemental selenium as an electrode, the redox-active Cu2+/Cu+ ion is reversibly hosted via the sequential conversion reactions of Se → CuSe → Cu3Se2 → Cu2Se.
The C29–C34 parts of antitumor macrolide aplyronine A serve as versatile actin-affinity tags
Authors: Utomo Didik Huswo , Fujieda Akari , Tanaka Kentaro , Takahashi Momoko , Futaki Kentaro , Tanabe Kenta , Kigoshi Hideo , Kita Masaki
Published: September 2021

We developed versatile actin-affinity tags from the side-chain analogs of aplyronine A, an antitumor marine macrolide.
Zr–Al co-doped SrTiO3 with suppressed charge recombination for efficient photocatalytic overall water splitting
Authors: Cui Jiwei , Yang Xinmin , Yang Zhongshan , Sun Yanhui , Chen Xin , Liu Xiaolu , Wang Defa , Jiang Shaokun , Liu Lequan , Ye Jinhua
Published: September 2021

Zr–Al co-doped SrTiO3 with reduced Ti3+ concentration demonstrates promoted photocatalytic overall water splitting efficiency.
Exploring the binding mechanism of positive allosteric modulators in human metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 using molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Wang Panpan , Gao Xiaonan , Zhang Ke , Pei Qinglan , Xu Xiaobo , Yan Fengmei , Dong Jianghong , Jing Chenxi
Published: September 2021

Based on the binding mode and electrostatics, the features of high affinity PAMs were the reduced hydrophobicity with low electronegativity of R1, increased hydrophobicity with low electronegativity of R2 and with high electronegativity of linker.
Influence of TiO2 surface defects on the adsorption of N719 dye molecules
Authors: Shamsaldeen Altaf A. , Kloo Lars , Yin Yanting , Gibson Christopher , Adhikari Sunita Gautam , Andersson Gunther G.
Published: September 2021

Surface defects influence the dye adsorption on TiO2 used as a substrate in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).
Spontaneous NaCl-doped ices Ih, Ic, III, V and VI. Understanding the mechanism of ion inclusion and its dependence on the crystalline structure of ice
Authors: Conde M. M. , Rovere M. , Gallo P.
Published: September 2021

Direct coexistence simulations on a microsecond time scale have been performed for different types of ice (Ih, Ic, III, V, and VI) in contact with a NaCl aqueous solution at different pressures.
Rigorous analysis of the interaction between proteins and low water-solubility drugs by qNMR-aided NMR titration experiments
Authors: Hirakawa Takuya , Walinda Erik , Morimoto Daichi , Sugase Kenji
Published: September 2021

We have developed a new NMR spectroscopic method to rigorously quantify the interaction between a low water-solubility drug and its target protein by accurate estimation of precipitation using quantitative NMR (qNMR).
Terahertz pump–probe of liquid water at 12.3 THz
Authors: Novelli Fabio , Hoberg Claudius , Adams Ellen M. , Klopf J. Michael , Havenith Martina
Published: September 2021

The excitation on the librational band of liquid water at 12.3 THz resonates with the rotationally-damped motion of water molecules.
Structural effects in nanotribology of nanoscale films of ionic liquids confined between metallic surfaces
Authors: Di Lecce Silvia , Kornyshev Alexei A. , Urbakh Michael , Bresme Fernando
Published: September 2021

Gold surfaces induce orientational disorder in ionic liquids under nanoconfinement conditions, influencing their lateral order and lubrication performance.
Highly selective CO2 conversion to methane or syngas tuned by CNTs@non-noble–metal cathodes in Zn–CO2 flow batteries
Authors: Chen Yang , Mei Yuxin , Li Mengli , Dang Chenyang , Huang Lin , Wu Weiguo , Wu Yuanyuan , Yu Xinhao , Wang Kai , Gu Li , Liu Lujia , Cao Xuebo
Published: September 2021

Highly selective CO2 conversion to methane or syngas could be realized using Zn–CO2 flow batteries with CNTs@non-noble–metal cathodes.
A sustainable transparent biotemplate from fish scale waste for ultralow volume high-sensitive UV-Vis spectroscopy
Authors: Parimi Divya S. , Bhatt Chandra S. , Bollu Tharun K. , H. U Madhura , Jacob Noah , Motapothula M. , Suresh Anil K.
Published: September 2021

Fish scale waste-derived highly transparent biotemplate is pioneered as an economical and sustainable alternative to replace plastic cuvettes for ultralow-volume and highly sensitive UV-Vis spectroscopy analysis.
Potassium isotopic composition of seven widely available biological standards using collision cell (CC)-MC-ICP-MS
Authors: Moynier Frédéric , Hu Yan , Dai Wei , Kubik Edith , Mahan Brandon , Moureau Julien
Published: September 2021

The development of collision-cell multi-collection inductively-coupled-plasma mass-spectrometers has revolutionized K isotope chemistry, improving the sensitivity by over a factor of 10 compared to that of older generation instruments.
Hexagonal 2D NiCo-LDO supported on 0D CoWO4 to construct a p–n heterojunction for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Liu Ye , Xu Jing , Liu Zhenlu , Li Xuanhao , Ma Lijun , Hu Linying
Published: September 2021

NiCo-LDO and CoWO4 form a p–n heterojunction, and the synergy between them provides a new hydrogen-producing active center for each.
Progress and perspectives of electrochemical insights for C–H and N–H sulfonylation
Authors: Jamshidi Mahdi , Amani Ameneh , Khazalpour Sadegh , Torabi Sara , Nematollahi Davood
Published: September 2021

A comprehensive electrosulfonylation study has been carried outviacathodic and anodic approaches for the production of organosulfone and sulfonamide derivatives.
Double asymmetric intramolecular aza-Michael reaction: a convenient strategy for the synthesis of quinolizidine alkaloids
Authors: Torres Javier , Escolano Marcos , Alzuet-Piña Gloria , Sánchez-Roselló María , del Pozo Carlos
Published: September 2021

A new strategy for the asymmetric synthesis of the quinolizidine skeletonviadouble intramolecular aza-Michael reaction of sulfinyl amines bearing a bis-enone moiety is described. This is the shortest route towards quinolizidines reported to date.
Encapsulation of BSA in hybrid PEG hydrogels: stability and controlled release
Authors: Tourné-Péteilh Corine , Barège Maeva , Lions Mathieu , Martinez Jean , Devoisselle Jean-Marie , Aubert-Pouessel Anne , Subra Gilles , Mehdi Ahmad
Published: September 2021

Silylated hybrid hydrogels of polyethylene glycol were designed to trap, stabilize and release a model protein (bovine serum albumin). Fine-tuning sol–gel reactions lead to sustained release of BSA over weeks, with good insight of protein stability.
Synthesis and efficacy of norfloxacin loaded onto magnetic hydrogel nanocomposites
Authors: Salahuddin Nehal , Rehab Ahmed , Emad Sahar
Published: September 2021

A targeted drug delivery system based on biocompatible magnetic hydrogel nanocomposites consisting of poly[oligo(oxyethylene methacrylate)] anchored Fe3O4 nanoparticles was synthesized.
Ab initio study of alloying of MnBi to enhance the energy product
Authors: Paudel Tula R. , Lama Bhubnesh , Kharel Parashu
Published: September 2021

The DFT calculations show that filing empty interstitial sites of MnBi leads to stable alloys with Li, O, F, Sc, Y, Rh, Pd among which alloy with Li, O, Rh, Pd and Pt have larger magnetization and enhanced energy products (up to 20%) than bulk MnBi.
Vitamin B1-catalyzed aerobic oxidative esterification of aromatic aldehydes with alcohols
Authors: Luo Xin-Long , Ge Danhua , Yu Zi-Lun , Chu Xue-Qiang , Xu Pei
Published: September 2021

An aerobic oxidative esterification of aryl aldehydes with alcohols has been developed by employing vitamin B1 as a cost-effective, metal-free, and eco-friendly NHC catalyst.
Experimental and kinetic study of the conversion of waste starch into glycolic acid over phosphomolybdic acid
Authors: Qiao Yongzhen , Wang Xiu , Dai Hongqi
Published: September 2021

The starch in old corrugated cardboard (OCC) wastewater is catalyzed and oxidized to produce high value-added glycolic acid, which has potential application value for the clean production and resource utilization of waste starch in the OCC papermaking process.
Highly sensitive optical temperature sensing based on pump-power-dependent upconversion luminescence in LiZnPO4:Yb3+–Er3+/Ho3+ phosphors
Authors: Saidi Kamel , Chaabani Wajdi , Dammak Mohamed
Published: September 2021

Novel orthophosphate LiZnPO4:Yb3+–Er3+/Ho3+ with tunable luminescence have been synthesized via sol–gel/Pechini method for optical thermometry.
Multi-size control of homogeneous explosives by coaxial microfluidics
Authors: Shi Jinyu , Zhao Shuangfei , Jiang Hanyu , Xu Siyu , Zhao Fengqi , Shen Ruiqi , Ye Yinghua , Zhu Peng
Published: September 2021

A coaxial microfluidic platform was developed for the multi-size control of homogeneous explosives.
Integration of heat recirculating microreactors with thermoelectric modules for power generation: a comparative study using CFD
Authors: Yedala Neha , Kaisare Niket S.
Published: September 2021

CFD analysis of the trade-off between the catalytic microreactor and thermoelectric generator can optimize the performance of the integrated device for power generation.
A dual function electro-optical silicon field-effect transistor molecular sensor
Authors: Laksana Pradhana Jati Budhi , Tsai Li-Chu , Wei Tsai-Yin , Lan Pei-Chi , Chang-Liao Kuei-Shu , Moodley Mathew K. , Chen Chii-Dong
Published: September 2021

Enabling charge sensor and photosensor in field effect transistors (FETs), greatly extends the potential capabilities of present-day biomolecular sensors.
USP52 inhibits cell proliferation by stabilizing PTEN protein in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhu Maoshu , Zhang Hui , Lu Fuhua , Wang Zhaowei , Wu Yulong , Chen Huoshu , Fan Xin , Yin Zhijiang , Liang Fulong
Published: September 2021

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common subtype of lung cancer. Ubiquitination is closely related to the development of lung cancer. However, the biological importance of newly discovered ubiquitin-specific peptidase (USP) 52 (USP52) in NSCLC remained unclear. Here, our findings identify USP52 as a novel tumor suppressor of NSCLC, the low expression of USP52 predicts a poor prognosis for NSCLC patients. The present study demonstrates that USP52 inhibits cancer cell proliferation through down-regulation of cyclin D1 (CCND1) as well as AKT/mTOR signaling pathway inhibition. Meanwhile, USP25 also suppresses NSCLC progression via enhancing phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) stability in cancer cells, which further indicates the significance/importance of USP52 in NSCLC suppression.
The Y chromosome and its use in forensic DNA analysis
Authors: Syndercombe Court Denise
Published: September 2021

Originally relatively ignored in forensic investigations because its genetic analysis lacks inference of individual identification, the value of Y chromosome analysis has been proven in cases of sexual assault, particularly where the amount of material left by a male assailant is limited in comparison with female DNA. All routine analysis of autosomal DNA, however, targets a gene (AMELY) on the Y chromosome in order to identify the sex of the DNA source and this is discussed in the context of the genetic structure of this male-specific chromosome. Short-tandem repeat markers on the chromosome are tested in dedicated multiplexes that have developed over time and these are described alongside international guidance as to their use in a forensic setting. As a marker of lineage, the Y chromosome provides additional tools to assist in the inference of ancestry, both geographical and familial and the value of Y chromosome testing is illustrated through descriptions of cases of criminal and historical interest. A decision to analyse the Y chromosome has to be considered in the context, not only of the circumstances of the case, but also with regard to the ethical questions it might raise, and these are discussed in relation to the cases that have been described in more detail in the accompanying online supplementary material.
The Effectiveness of Aided AAC Modeling for Belizean Children: A Case Study
Authors: Brock Kris L. , Thomas Erlett
Published: September 2021

Purpose

Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) interventions have been deemed efficacious. However, even with the medium to large effect sizes, there is a paucity of research investigating the effects of aided modeling on expressive outcomes for children from multicultural and multilingual backgrounds.

Method

This case series study examined the effectiveness of aided AAC modeling on aided and unaided expressive output (i.e., one- and two-symbol messages) in three children from different cultures in Belize (one Creole and two Mestizo) in a preschool-like group setting. Additionally, treatment intensity metrics (i.e., number of sessions, number of minutes, and number of aided/unaided models) were analyzed to determine whether this was an appropriate intensity for children in Belize.

Results

Results indicated that all children increased their aided and unaided symbol message production within five intervention sessions lasting 180 min per day (15 hr total). Additionally, the average number of aided/unaided models, sampled several times over the course of 5 days, was 43.75 per 15-min period.

Conclusions

Aided AAC modeling intervention was beneficial for these children. However, the length of each session (3 hr) may have negatively impacted expressive outcomes. The number of models per 15-min period was beneficial and in line with previous research outcomes. The multicultural clinical implications are also discussed.
Photoionisation of the CH radical using the B-spline R-matrix method
Authors: Wang Kedong , liu Jie , Wang Yan , Yang Chunjie , Liu Yufang
Published: September 2021

Aims. The primary motivation for this paper is to provide accurate data for the photoionisation of the CH radical, including the absolute total photoionisation cross-section, partial cross-sections, and photoelectron angular distribution. In addition, the near threshold features in the photoionisation curve (which are absent in previous studies) are produced with high precision.

Methods. A multichannel wavefunction based on the R-matrix approach, which uses the configuration interaction (CI) method to describe electronic correlation, is carried out in the present calculations. A set of B-spline orbitals is employed to represent the accurate continuum. The distinctive feature of the present calculations allows us to generate a more accurate description of the bound and continuum states than those employed before.

Results. Total photoionisation cross-sections from the ground state of CH radicals and partial cross-sections corresponding to 1π, 3σ, and 2σ states of CH+ ions are presented for photon energies ranging from threshold to 80 eV. Extensive resonance structures, which are absent in previous studies, are observed for the first time near the ionisation threshold. The cross-section dataset obtained from the present calculations is expected to be sufficiently accurate and comprehensive for most current modelling applications involving the photon and CH radical scattering system.
Sexual size dimorphism variation in altitude gradients in ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae)
Authors: Ananina Tatiana , Sukhodolskaya Raisa , Saveliev Anatoliy , Avtaeva Tamara
Published: September 2021

In this study, we verified the theory about the greatest steepness in body size variation in insects males compared with females in altitude gradients. As the model, ground beetles took as the appreciated bioindicators. We sampled three species of carabids at two regions: Carabus odoratus and Pterostihusmontanus were sampled at four elevations at Barguzin Ridge (N 54° 20’; E 109° 30’, Russia) and Carabus exaratus – at three elevations in mountainous terrain in Chechnya Republic (42088’N 46044’E Russia). We measured more than 1000 individuals by six linear traits and construct regression models of females’ and males’ size variation along elevation gradients. The regression slopes in the majority of the overwhelming case (14 models out of 18) were sex-biased. In P. montanus elytra length variation and C. exaratus traits width variation, the slopes differed in males and females only: In the first case, trait value in females significantly increased and in the second traits values varied in opposite directions. Therefore, we did not find evidence of greater steepness in male traits variation in ground beetles.
The state of mountain forest ecosystems in the Bashkir Nature Reserve (Southern Urals)
Authors: Biembetov Ainur , Yanybayev Nur , Valiev Ilnar
Published: September 2021

Environmental monitoring of specially protected natural reservations in Russia makes it necessary to analyze periodically the parameters of natural reservations to identify the state of components of nature. The Bashkir Nature Reserve is located in the Southern Urals. The availability of materials on forest management in 1956, 1969, 1979, and 2016 is one of the special features of the scientific fund of the Bashkir Nature Reserve. The analysis of these materials showed stable positive dynamics of the development of coniferous and small-leaved deciduous forestry and its current state.
Partitioning of trophic resource on example of the rodent community dwelling in the high mountain zone of the Eastern Caucasus
Authors: Magomedov Magomedrasul
Published: September 2021

Quantitative and qualitative feeding characteristics of some rodent species co-living in the high mountain zone of the Eastern Caucasus (Republic of Daghestan) were investigated. The diet of S. uralensis consisted of 23 plant species, C. gud – 22 plant species, M. arvalis – 27 plant species, C. migtatorius – 26 plant species and D. nitedula – 19 plant species. The largest dietary breadths were M. arvalis and C. migtatorius and the least was S. uralensis. In spring, Carex spp. predominated in the diets of rodent species; in summer, the diets consisted mainly of cereals, and the autumn rodents diets consisted mainly of forbs and legumes. The maximum values of the dietary niches overlapping were found in pairs of the following species: S. uralensis C. gud, C. gud - C. migtatorius, M. arvalis C. migtatorius. Average values of the dietary niches overlapping for all rodents were 0.529, 0.277, 0.459, respectively, in spring, summer and autumn.
The role of traditional nomadic pastoralism in the spatial and genetic subdivision of the distribution of populations of small mammals in mountain areas and their sanitary and epidemiological significance (on the example of Tuva)
Authors: Ondar Sergei , Surov Alexei , Chabovsky Andrei , Putintsev Nikolai , Khovalyg Aldynai , Kuular Aivar
Published: September 2021

The data on the genetic and spatial subdivision of populations of synanthropic species of small mammals, their dependence on the intensity with the territories of distant-pasture cattle tending are presented, and some patterns of indicators of ectoparasite infestation of their communities are revealed. The factor determining the genetic and spatial differentiation of populations of small mammals can be attributed to the relationship of small mammals with ungulates that has long historical roots (Neogene, Anthropogen). At present, these relations have been preserved with domestic ungulates, which, along with physical and geographical ones, determine the genetic and biotopic differentiation of populations of small mammals. The assumption is made about the deep historical roots of the establishment of such relationships by pasture ungulate animals from the neogene and pleistocene.