bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and biological assessment of chalcone and pyrazoline derivatives as novel inhibitor for ELF3-MED23 interaction
Authors: Hwang Soo-Yeon , Jeon Kyung-Hwa , Lee Hwa-Jong , Moon Inhye , Jung Sehyun , Kim Seul-Ah , Jo Hyunji , Park Seojeong , Ahn Misun , Kwak Soo-Yeon , Na Younghwa , Kwon Youngjoo
Published: June 2024

HER2 overexpression significantly contributes to the aggressive nature and recurrent patterns observed in various solid tumors, notably gastric cancers. Trastuzumab, HER2-targeting monoclonal antibody drug, has shown considerable clinical success; however, readily emerging drug resistance emphasizes the pressing need for improved interventions in HER2-overexpressing cancers. To address this, we proposed targeting the protein-protein interaction (PPI) between ELF3 and MED23 as an alternative therapeutic approach to trastuzumab. In this study, we synthesized a total of 26 compounds consisting of 10 chalcones, 7 pyrazoline acetyl, and 9 pyrazoline propionyl derivatives, and evaluated their biological activity as potential ELF3-MED23 PPI inhibitors. Upon systematic analysis, candidate compound 10 was selected due to its potency in downregulating reporter gene activity of ERBB2 promoter confirmed by SEAP activity and its effect on HER2 protein and mRNA levels. Compound 10 effectively disrupted the binding interface between the ELF3 TAD domain and the 391–582 amino acid region of MED23, resulting in successful inhibition of the ELF3-MED23 PPI. This intervention led to a substantial reduction in HER2 levels and its downstream signals in the HER2-positive gastric cancer cell line. Subsequently, compound 10 induced significant apoptosis and anti-proliferative effects, demonstrating superior in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity overall. We found that the anticancer activity of compound 10 was not only restricted to trastuzumab-sensitive cases, but was also valid for trastuzumab-refractory clones. This suggests its potential as a viable therapeutic option for trastuzumab-resistant gastric cancers. In summary, compound 10 could be a novel alternative therapeutic strategy for HER2-overexpressing cancers, overcoming the limitations of trastuzumab.
Muscle-resident mesenchymal progenitors sense and repair peripheral nerve injury via the GDNF-BDNF axis
Authors: Yoo Kyusang , Jo Young-Woo , Yoo Takwon , Hann Sang-Hyeon , Park Inkuk , Kim Yea-Eun , Kim Ye Lynne , Rhee Joonwoo , Song In-Wook , Kim Ji-Hoon , Baek Daehyun , Kong Young-Yun
Published: June 2024

Fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) are muscle-resident mesenchymal progenitors that can contribute to muscle tissue homeostasis and regeneration, as well as postnatal maturation and lifelong maintenance of the neuromuscular system. Recently, traumatic injury to the peripheral nerve was shown to activate FAPs, suggesting that FAPs can respond to nerve injury. However, questions of how FAPs can sense the anatomically distant peripheral nerve injury and whether FAPs can directly contribute to nerve regeneration remained unanswered. Here, utilizing single-cell transcriptomics and mouse models, we discovered that a subset of FAPs expressing GDNF receptors
Ret
and
Gfra1
can respond to peripheral nerve injury by sensing GDNF secreted by Schwann cells. Upon GDNF sensing, this subset becomes activated and expresses
Bdnf
. FAP-specific inactivation of
Bdnf
(

Prrx1
Cre

;

Bdnf
fl/fl

) resulted in delayed nerve regeneration owing to defective remyelination, indicating that GDNF-sensing FAPs play an important role in the remyelination process during peripheral nerve regeneration. In aged mice, significantly reduced
Bdnf
expression in FAPs was observed upon nerve injury, suggesting the clinical relevance of FAP-derived BDNF in the age-related delays in nerve regeneration. Collectively, our study revealed the previously unidentified role of FAPs in peripheral nerve regeneration, and the molecular mechanism behind FAPs’ response to peripheral nerve injury.
Sexual Dimorphism in Age-Dependent Neurodegeneration After Mild Head Trauma in Drosophila: Unveiling the Adverse Impact of Female Reproductive Signaling
Authors: Ye Changtian , Ho Ryan , Moberg Kenneth H. , Zheng James Q.
Published: June 2024

Environmental insults, including mild head trauma, significantly increase the risk of neurodegeneration. However, it remains challenging to establish a causative connection between early-life exposure to mild head trauma and late-life emergence of neurodegenerative deficits, nor do we know how sex and age compound the outcome. Using a
Drosophila
model, we demonstrate that exposure to mild head trauma causes neurodegenerative conditions that emerge late in life and disproportionately affect females. Increasing age-at-injury further exacerbates this effect in a sexually dimorphic manner. We further identify Sex Peptide (SP) signaling as a key factor in female susceptibility to post-injury brain deficits. RNA sequencing highlights changes in innate immune defense transcripts specifically in mated females during late life. Our findings establish a causal relationship between early head trauma and late-life neurodegeneration, emphasizing sex differences in injury response and the impact of age-at-injury. Finally, our findings reveal that reproductive signaling adversely impacts female response to mild head insults and elevates vulnerability to late-life neurodegeneration.
Land cover and space use influence coyote carnivory: evidence from stable-isotope analysis
Authors: Webster Sarah C. , Hinton Joseph W. , Chamberlain Michael J. , Murphy Jazmin J. , Beasley James C.
Published: June 2024

For many species, the relationship between space use and diet composition is complex, with individuals adopting varying space use strategies such as territoriality to facilitate resource acquisition. Coyotes (Canis latrans) exhibit two disparate types of space use; defending mutually exclusive territories (residents) or moving nomadically across landscapes (transients). Resident coyotes have increased access to familiar food resources, thus improved foraging opportunities to compensate for the energetic costs of defending territories. Conversely, transients do not defend territories and are able to redirect energetic costs of territorial defense towards extensive movements in search of mates and breeding opportunities. These differences in space use attributed to different behavioral strategies likely influence foraging and ultimately diet composition, but these relationships have not been well studied. We investigated diet composition of resident and transient coyotes in the southeastern United States by pairing individual space use patterns with analysis of stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope values to assess diet. During 2016–2017, we monitored 41 coyotes (26 residents, 15 transients) with GPS radio-collars along the Savannah River area in the southeastern United States. We observed a canopy effect on δ13C values and little anthropogenic food in coyote diets, suggesting 13C enrichment is likely more influenced by reduced canopy cover than consumption of human foods. We also observed other land cover effects, such as agricultural cover and road density, on δ15N values as well as reduced space used by coyotes, suggesting that cover types and localized, resident-like space use can influence the degree of carnivory in coyotes. Finally, diets and niche space did not differ between resident and transient coyotes despite differences observed in the proportional contribution of potential food sources to their diets. Although our stable isotope mixing models detected differences between the diets of resident and transient coyotes, both relied mostly on mammalian prey (52.8%, SD = 15.9 for residents, 42.0%, SD = 15.6 for transients). Resident coyotes consumed more game birds (21.3%, SD = 11.6 vs 13.7%, SD = 8.8) and less fruit (10.5%, SD = 6.9 vs 21.3%, SD = 10.7) and insects (7.2%, SD = 4.7 vs 14.3%, SD = 8.5) than did transients. Our findings indicate that coyote populations fall on a feeding continuum of omnivory to carnivory in which variability in feeding strategies is influenced by land cover characteristics and space use behaviors.
DISCUTINDO PRÁTICAS EQUITATIVAS DE ENSINO NA PERSPECTIVA DA NEURODIVERSIDADE
Authors: Viana Elton de Andrade
Published: June 2024

Apresenta um estudo sobre o autismo na Educação Matemática na perspectiva da neurodiversidade. Com o objetivo de abordar o autismo na perspectiva do movimento da neurodiversidade, tem como pergunta de pesquisa: quais são os elementos que podemos considerar como estimuladores de práticas docentes mais equitativas no ensino de matemática no processo de inclusão de estudantes autistas? O referencial metodológico é a pesquisa-ação, com a realização de uma oficina envolvendo professores de educação básica da região noroeste do estado de São Paulo. O estudo identifica três elementos que estimulam as práticas equitativas de ensino: (1) a necessidade de uma apresentação e discussão sobre paradigmas e pressupostos de natureza mais sociológica do que médica sobre o autismo, (2) as relações entre as experiências pessoais de docência com as novas discussões pedagógicas que são proporcionadas no coletivo, e (3) a importância da articulação no coletivo de professores.
A PARTICIPAÇÃO FEMININA DISCENTE NOS CURSOS DE BACHARELADO E DE LICENCIATURA EM QUÍMICA DA UFMS
Authors: Filgueira Julio Cesar Piatti , Gonçalves Josiane Peres
Published: June 2024

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a participação feminina nos cursos de bacharelado e licenciatura em química da universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), evidenciando o quantitativo de ingressantes e de concluintes entre os anos de 2014 a 2022. A Pesquisa foi realizada por meio de dados obtidos junto ao Instituto de Química (INQUI) da UFMS, os quais foram organizados em forma de quadros e gráficos, de acordo com o gênero discente. Os resultados indicam que: a) no curso de bacharelado entrou exatamente a mesma quantidade de homens e de mulheres (132 de cada), totalizando 264 pessoas; b) no curso de licenciatura o quantitativo de ingressantes foi bem maior, por totalizar 525 discentes, entre os quais 243 ou 46,29% eram mulheres e 282 ou 53,71% eram homens; c) já entre as pessoas que concluíram os cursos, nos dois casos predominou o gênero feminino, pois no bacharelado, entre o total de 84 pessoas concluintes, 61,9% eram mulheres e 38,1% eram homens, enquanto que na licenciatura, entre o total de 76 pessoas concluintes, 55,26% eram mulheres e 44,74 % eram homens. Os dados são considerados positivos, por sinalizar que tem aumentado a participação feminina na área de química.
Determining the Effect of Nutrient Management and Weed Control Practices on Weed Dynamics in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Marufi Mohammad Nabi , Kumar Rajesh , Singh Vikash , Singh Manju , Singh A.K.
Published: June 2024

An experiment was carried out at Agronomy Research Farm of Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (Uttar Pradesh) during Rabi season (2022-23 & 2023-24) to investigate the effect of nutrient management and weed control practices on dynamics of weed in different treatments in wheat crop. Split plot design was used in the experimental field with three nutrient levels in main plot and six weed control practices in sup plot and replicated thrice. Among the nutrient management treatments 75% RDF + 10 t ha-1 FYM + one spray of nano-urea @ 4ml/lit was found to be more effective for controlling weed density, weed dry weight, weed control efficiency (%), and weed index (%) during both years of experimentation. Sequential spray of Clodinofop + Metsulfuron (60 + 4 g a.i. ha-1) reduced the density and dry weight of weeds, however recorded highest weed control efficiency (89.57% & 90.77%) and minimum weed index (1.99 & 1.96) during 2022-23 and 2023-24 respectively. The better control of weeds and higher uptake of nutrient in this treatment resulted in higher yield. Thus it might be concluded that application of 75% RDF +10 t ha-1 FYM + one spray of nano-urea @ 4ml/lit with the spraying of Clodinofop + Metsulfuron (60 + 4 g a.i. ha-1) found to be more effective in reducing weed infestation in wheat crop.
Measuring the Levels of Heavy Metal Pollution in Al - Diwaniyah River Water Using Oomycetes Fungus
Authors: Hussain Lujain Ibrahim , Taimooz Sulaf Hamid
Published: June 2024

The research included, for a period of 6 months, a study of two aspects. The first was the isolation and diagnosis of oomycetes in the water of Al-Diwaniyah River in five sites. The sites where pollution increased were chosen, namely textile, rubber factories, and sites before water treatment, compared to two sites: Sadr Al-Daghara and a site under Al-Diwaniyah Bridge, which had little pollution, as the percentage of pollution increased. Ovomycetes in pollution sites in order to increase the organic matter in them and to provide many nutrients, knowing that these fungi were isolated from control areas, but in small proportions, in addition to other groups of non-oomycetes and the previously dominant types of Oomycetes. Some physical tests were conducted on the water of the Diwaniyah River in the study sites to observe the suitability of the physical characteristics for the presence of these fungi, namely temperature, PH, alkalinity, hardness, and others. The second aspect is to consider these fungi as indicators of pollution in the river water when they are present in polluted areas by analyzing the enzymatic filtrate to measure The percentages of presence of heavy metals, such as cadmium, mercury, lead, and selenium, which appeared in high percentages that exceeded the permissible limits for their presence, whether in river water or in the bodies of living organisms. The percentages of cadmium were (0.012)% in Saprolegnia sp. and Pythium sp., while the percentages of lead were (1.5, 1.3).)% in Saprolegnia sp and Fusarium sp, while mercury recorded a percentage of (0.3, 0.05, 1.2)% in Achlya., Apodachlya sp.,. Fusarium sp. Selenium appeared at a rate of (0.2)% in Apodachlya sp, Arsenic in Pythium sp. At a rate of (0.02%) also for the purpose of comparison of these results, tests were conducted for heavy metals in the water at the selected sites (L3, L2, L1) (fabric, rubber, and site before treatment) respectively. The results showed the appearance of heavy metals (cadmium, lead, mercury, arsenic, selenium). In high percentages compared to sites L4 and L5, their percentages were very small, almost reaching zero.
What a Feeling: The Role of Immediate and Anticipated Emotions in Risky Decisions
Authors: Schlösser Thomas , Dunning David , Fetchenhauer Detlef
Published: October 2011

The risk‐as‐feelings hypothesis argues that many risky decisions are not only predicted by anticipated emotions, as most consequentialistic decision making theories would presume, but also by immediate emotions. Immediate emotions refer to the “hot” visceral feelings people feel as they contemplate a specific decision option at the cusp of making a decision, whereas anticipated emotions are those emotions that people forecast that they will feel once they experience possible consequences of that decision. Four studies focused on the role of both types of emotions in decisions under risk and uncertainty. Decisions were substantively predicted by immediate emotional states beyond anticipated emotions or the subjective probability attached to outcomes. Thus, risky choices may be prompted, in part, by how people feel about the “riskless” portion of the decision—specifically, the various decision options they are contemplating—rather than the potential outcomes those options may produce. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studies on target tissue distribution of ginsenosides and epimedium flavonoids in rats after intravenous administration of Jiweiling freeze‐dried powder
Authors: Liu Minyan , Wang Hongtao , Zhao Shaohua , Shi Xiaowei , Zhang Yongfeng , Xu Honghui , Wang Yufeng , Li Xiangjun , Zhang Lantong
Published: October 2011

A simple and rapid liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) method was developed and validated for analysis of ginsenoside Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg1, icariin and epimedin A, B, C in rat target tissues (spinal cord, brain, muscle and sciatic nerve) after intravenous administration of Jiweiling freeze‐dried powder using genistein as an internal standard (IS). The tissue samples were treated by protein precipitation with methanol prior to HPLC and chromatographic separation was performed on a C18 column utilizing a gradient elution program with acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid aqueous. Electrospray ionization (ESI) source was employed and the 11 analytes and IS were detected by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) scanning under the negative ionization mode. Higher sensitivity was achieved and the optimized mass transition ion‐pairs (m/z) for quantitation were selected. The calibration curves were linear over the investigated concentration ranges with correlation coefficients higher than 0.995. The intra‐ and inter‐day RSDs were all less than 10% with the relative error (RE) within ±9.3%. The mean extraction recoveries for all compounds were between 93.3 and 106%. The proposed method was successfully applied to investigate the target tissue distribution of the 11 compounds in rat after intravenous administration of Jiweiling freeze‐dried powder. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanistic Insight into the Catalytic Activity of ββα‐Metallonucleases from Computer Simulations: Vibrio vulnificus Periplasmic Nuclease as a Test Case
Authors: Bueren‐Calabuig Juan A. , Coderch Claire , Rico Eva , Jiménez‐Ruiz Antonio , Gago Federico
Published: October 2011

Using information from wild‐type and mutant Vibrio vulnificus nuclease (Vvn) and I‐PpoI homing endonuclease co‐crystallized with different oligodeoxynucleotides, we have built the complex of Vvn with a DNA octamer and carried out a series of simulations to dissect the catalytic mechanism of this metallonuclease in a stepwise fashion. The distinct roles played in the reaction by individual active site residues, the metal cation and water molecules have been clarified by using a combination of classical molecular dynamics simulations and quantum mechanical calculations. Our results strongly support the most parsimonious catalytic mechanism, namely one in which a single water molecule from bulk solvent is used to cleave the phosphodiester bond and protonate the 3′‐hydroxylate leaving group.
Preparation and Performance of a Novel Water‐Soluble Cationic Polymer Containing β‐Cyclodextrin
Authors: Zou C. , Zhao P. , Lei Y. , Ye H. , Yao Y. , Chen M. , Wang T.
Published: October 2011

Allyl‐β‐cyclodextrin is utilized to react with dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride and acrylamide to synthesize a novel water‐soluble cationic polymer by redox free‐radical polymerization. The optimum polymerization conditions are determined by the single‐variable method, while the structure is characterized by Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy. In rheological experiments the polymer demonstrates superior properties compared to polyacrylamide. Interfacial tension and adsorption experiments prove the excellent performance of the polymer which can effectively decrease the interfacial tension and reduce the surfactant loss caused by stratum absorption in the process of polymer/surfactant flooding, thus indicating the potential application of the polymer for enhancing oil recovery.
Heat Transfer Augmentation and Entropy Generation Analysis of a Helically Coiled Tube with Internal Longitudinal Fins
Authors: Wang F. , Wang G.‐W.
Published: October 2011

Heat transfer augmentation and entropy generation were investigated for a helically coiled tube with internal longitudinal fins. The Nusselt number, friction factor, thermal‐hydraulic performance ratio, and augmentation entropy generation number were calculated and analyzed. The results indicated that the internal longitudinal fins enhance the secondary flows and increase the temperature gradient near the tube wall, which in turn increase the heat transfer. It was found that the helically coiled tube with internal longitudinal fins provides the best integrated performance over the range of computed Dean numbers. The Nusselt number rised by 20–35 % with a corresponding 27–56 % increase of the friction factor. The computed results indicated that augmentation entropy generation numbers are approximately changed between 0.012 to 0.132 levels, i.e., the novel helically coiled tube with internal longitudinal fins is more efficient than that without internal fins.
Does Workforce Diversity Matter in the Fight against Climate Change? An Analysis of Fortune 500 Companies
Authors: Ciocirlan Cristina , Pettersson Caroline
Published: October 2011

This paper asks whether more diverse companies are more committed to the fight against climate change than less diverse companies. Workforce diversity is measured along several socio‐demographic dimensions: age, gender, race, and presence in European Union countries. The paper develops the concept of Environmental Workplace Behavior, which explains how environmental attitudes and beliefs influence work decisions. The dependent variable is a climate change index calculated by a non‐profit organization, for a sample of Fortune 500 companies. A cross‐sectional research design is employed, using ordinary least squares (OLS) regression to analyze the data. The results suggest that companies that employ more women and have a stronger European presence tend to exhibit a higher concern for climate change. Companies do not seem to involve minorities and young people in meaningful decision‐making regarding climate change actions and initiatives. Future research might analyze other diversity dimensions, such as gender orientation, education, political liberalism, or religious affiliation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Polypyridyl Metal Complexes with Biological Activity
Authors: Salassa Luca
Published: October 2011

Polypyridyl metal complexes have optical properties that have been exploited in a wide range of biological and technological applications. Their structural diversity, chemical and redox properties provide a unique opportunity for designing new anticancer agents. Despite this great potential, relatively little is known about the cytotoxic effects of metal polypyridyl complexes, at least in comparison with other classes of coordination and organometallic compounds. This review uses selected examples to illustrate the most recent research carried out on this class of complexes as enzyme inhibitors and cytotoxic agents.
MEASURING THE EFFECT OF NAPSTER ON RECORDED MUSIC SALES: DIFFERENCE‐IN‐DIFFERENCES ESTIMATES UNDER COMPOSITIONAL CHANGES
Authors: Hong Seung‐Hyun
Published: October 2011

This paper measures the effect of Napster on record sales. I treat the introduction of Napster as a technological event that only Internet users experienced, and use a difference‐in‐differences (DD) approach. Because of potential compositional changes in Internet users, I examine identifying assumptions for the DD estimator under compositional changes and develop a test for identifying restrictions. To address potential bias due to compositional changes, I extend DD matching estimators to the case of two‐variate propensity scores. I find evidence suggesting that file sharing is likely to explain 20% of total sales decline, which is driven by households with children aged 6–17. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection of protein from detergent solutions by probe electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (PESI‐MS)
Authors: Mandal Mridul Kanti , Chen Lee Chuin , Yu Zhan , Nonami Hiroshi , Erra‐Balsells Rosa , Hiraoka Kenzo
Published: October 2011

Detergents are necessarily used for different extraction protocols of proteins from biological cells or tissues. After the extraction, elimination of detergent is necessary for the better performance of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). Elimination of detergents is laborious and time‐consuming, and also sample loss may be unavoidable. Probe electrospray ionization (PESI) developed in our laboratory has been found to be tolerant to the presence of salts and buffers in sample solutions. In this report, it was examined whether PESI is applicable to the sample solutions that contain high‐concentration of detergents. It was found that PESI is highly tolerant to the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate, cetyl trimethylamminium bromide, Triton X100 and 3‐[(3‐cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]‐1‐propanesulfonate compared with conventional ESI and nanoESI. Therefore, PESI can be a potential analytical tool for direct analysis of protein extracts and digests containing high‐concentration detergents. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of the glycation sites of Bacillus anthracis neoglycoconjugate vaccine by MALDI‐TOF/TOF‐CID‐MS/MS and LC‐ESI‐QqTOF‐tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Jahouh Farid , Hou Shu‐jie , Kováč Pavol , Banoub Joseph H.
Published: October 2011

We present herein an efficient mass spectrometric method for the localization of the glycation sites of a model neoglycoconjugate vaccine formed by a construct of the tetrasaccharide side chain of the Bacillus anthracis exosporium and the protein carrier bovine serum albumin. The glycoconjugate was digested with both trypsin and GluC V8 endoproteinases, and the digests were then analyzed by MALDI‐TOF/TOF‐CID‐MS/MS and nano‐LC‐ESI‐QqTOF‐CID‐MS/MS. The sequences of the unknown peptides analyzed by MALDI‐TOF/TOF‐CID‐MS/MS, following digestion with the GluC V8 endoproteinase, allowed us to recognize three glycopeptides whose glycation occupancies were, respectively, on Lys 235, Lys 420, and Lys 498. Similarly, the same analysis was performed on the tryptic digests, which permitted us to recognize two glycation sites on Lys 100 and Lys 374. In addition, we have also used LC‐ESI‐QqTOF‐CID‐MS/MS analysis for the identification of the tryptic digests. However, this analysis identified a higher number of glycopeptides than would be expected from a glycoconjugate composed of a carbohydrate–protein ratio of 5.4:1, which would have resulted in glycation occupancies of 18 specific sites. This discrepancy was due to the large number of glycoforms formed during the synthetic carbohydrate–spacer–carrier protein conjugation. Likewise, the LC‐ESI‐QqTOF‐MS/MS analysis of the GluC V8 digest also identified 17 different glycation sites on the synthetic glycoconjugate. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spectral analysis of higher order differential operators with unbounded coefficients
Authors: Behncke Horst , Nyamwala Fredrick Oluoch
Published: October 2011

Higher even order linear differential operators with unbounded coefficients are studied. For these operators the eigenvalues of the characteristic polynomials fall into distinct classes or clusters. Consequently the spectral properties, deficiency indices and spectra, of the underlying differential operators are superpositions of the contributions from the individual clusters. These results are based on a quantitative improvement of Levinson's Theorem. Our methods will also be applicable to other classes of linear differential operators.
The contribution of general and cancer‐related variables in explaining physical activity in a breast cancer population 3 weeks to 6 months post‐treatment
Authors: Charlier Caroline , Van Hoof Elke , Pauwels Evelyn , Lechner Lilian , Spittaels Heleen , De Bourdeaudhuij Ilse
Published: October 2011

Objective

Physical activity determinants are subject to change when confronted with the diagnosis of ‘cancer’ and new cancer‐related determinants appear. The aim of the present study is to compare the contribution of cancer‐related determinants with more general ones in explaining physical activity 3 weeks to 6 months post‐treatment.

Methods

A theory‐based and validated questionnaire was used to identify physical activity levels (total and domain‐specific) and associated determinants among 464 breast cancer survivors (aged 18 to 65 years) 3 weeks to 6 months post‐treatment.

Results

Descriptive analyses showed higher scores for general determinants in comparison with cancer‐related determinants. Nevertheless, regression analyses showed that both general and cancer‐related determinants explained total and domain‐specific physical activity. Self‐efficacy, enjoyment, social support, lack of time and lack of company were important general determinants. The perception of returning to normal life, cancer‐related barriers (fatigue, lack of energy and physical side effects) and self‐efficacy in overcoming these barriers were important cancer‐related determinants. Although results differed according to the women's working status and the physical activity domain, general self‐efficacy explained most physical activity types in both groups.

Conclusion

Comparable with the general population, enhancing breast cancer survivors' self‐efficacy in being sufficiently physically active seems to be important in physical activity interventions post‐treatment. However, interventions should be tailored to the experienced symptoms and working status of the women. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fatal explosion caused by an intermittently used fuel gas piping system
Authors: Ogle Russell A. , Dillon Scott , Carpenter Andrew
Published: October 2011

A fatal explosion occurred at a foundry during a routine test of an intermittently used liquid propane standby system. Just before the explosion, maintenance personnel were preparing the propane standby system for a startup test. While preparing for the startup test, the group was alerted that employees in an adjacent building had detected the odor of propane. The test was stopped, and the group conducting the test implemented emergency shutdown procedures. The explosion occurred during the execution of the emergency shutdown. The explosion resulted in three fatalities, numerous injuries, and extensive property damages.

The propane standby system was intended to supply synthetic natural gas in the event of an interruption of the natural gas supply from outside utility company. Synthetic natural gas is a mixture of propane and air that has similar combustion properties to natural gas. To ensure the reliability of the propane standby system, it was scheduled for two routine maintenance tasks each year: a preventative maintenance task and a startup task. The liquid propane supply piping for the standby system was a buried pipe. When the underground propane piping was placed back into service for the test, flashing liquid propane discharged from an undetected hole in the pipe into loose backfill material in the surrounding soil. The propane vapor migrated underground and entered a nearby building through a penetration in the building foundation and was subsequently ignited. Following the incident, the buried liquid propane line was excavated, and the hole in the piping was discovered.

This accident was caused by the failure of the mechanical integrity of the liquid propane piping. Within the body of this article, the root causes of the piping failure are discussed along with corrective actions that could have prevented this accident. The corrective actions include selecting an alternative material of construction for the piping, implementing proper construction practices for buried piping, following appropriate test and maintenance procedures for the existing cathodic protection system, and verification of piping integrity by leak testing with an inert gas before placing it into service. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2011
Preface: Phys. Status Solidi C 10/2011
Authors: Shiratani Masaharu
Published: October 2011

The Third International Workshop on thin film silicon solar cells (IWTFSSC‐3) was held on 11–14 October 2010 at ANA Hotel Nagasaki Gloverhill in Nagasaki, Japan (the first workshop was in Nara, Japan in 2007 and the second one in Berlin, Germany in 2009). This workshop mainly consists of invited talks and panel discussion on the present status and future prospects of thin film silicon photovoltaics (PV) technologies. The 50 participants include internationally most renowned experts. 50 reports were presented including 20 invited talks. Among these reports, 13 papers were selected to be published in this special issue.

Driven by an increasing demand for PV, a shortage of crystalline silicon and the availability of turn‐key production lines, thin film silicon solar cells have been attracting increasing attention over the past few years. Many companies have invested in mass production lines for a‐Si and a‐Si/μc‐Si solar modules. A large number of these companies are still in the ramp‐up phase, or even before.

Despite impressive growth of the thin film Si manufacturing capacity, many technological issues remain of importance. These include high deposition rate processes, large area uniformity, optical confinement, or laser scribing. To stay ahead of competing technologies, it will be important to address more fundamental and longer‐term issues as well, such as photo degradation of a‐Si, very high current cells, triple cells, new structures, or advanced transparent conductive oxides (TCOs).

It is the aim of this workshop to address these and other topics, and to discuss them in an informal atmosphere with other experts. All participants vigorously exchanged their ideas leading to significant progress in important issues in thin film silicon solar cells.

Thanks to the organizers and participants, there was an excellent blend of research reports from industry and academia and research reports worldwide (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photovoltaic effect of BiFeO3/poly(3‐hexylthiophene) heterojunction
Authors: Liu Zhike , Yan Feng
Published: October 2011

The photovoltaic effect of the heterojunction based on multiferroic material BiFeO3 and organic semiconductor poly(3‐hexylthiophene) has been studied for the first time. A typical rectifying J–V characteristic of the heterojunction is observed with a rectifying ratio of ∼103. The power conversion efficiency of the device is comparable to those of hybrid solar cells based on poly(3‐hexylthiophene) and other oxide semiconductors, such as TiO2 or ZnO, indicating that BiFeO3 is a promising material for photovoltaic devices. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Lock‐in technique applied to cathodoluminescence of biomedical specimens in the SEM
Authors: Bröcker W. , Hauck G. , Wefgelt H. , Pfefferkorn G.
Published: October 2011

Very low signals or disturbances by unwanted, foreign signals often lead to a restriction in the application of the cathodoluminescence (CL) method in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). This is even true if one uses an optimal CL detection system. We, therefore, introduced the lock‐in‐amplification technique, which has proved very successful in investigations of semiconductor materials into the biomedical field. After attaching the lock‐in system to our SEM which has a special CL equipment, we found that this technique could remove the disturbance caused by the light emitted from the heated filament, which can be reflected into the CL detector. Specimens on polished Al‐stubs or on Au‐coated glass slides could be imaged with improved contrast. The same was true if we measured the wavelengths of the CL. A general improvement of the signal‐to‐noise ratio in all specimens could not be detected. However, the beam current could often be reduced when using the lock‐in technique without a decrease in the quality of the CL image. A disadvantage of the commercially available lock‐in amplifier is that pictures need a longer exposure time than without lock‐in amplification.
Progress and Poverty
Authors: George Henry
Published: October 2011

Henry George (1839–97) was an American journalist and newspaper editor. In Progress and Poverty, his most famous work (1879), he seeks to explain the apparent paradox that the gulf between rich and poor in a developed city (or nation) is much less that that in a less developed community: 'Like a flash it came over me that there was the reason of advancing poverty with advancing wealth. With the growth of population, land grows in value, and the men who work it must pay more for the privilege.' His economic ideas were widely debated, and this volume also contains a response to the 1881 English edition of the book from Isaac B. Cooke, a cotton broker from Liverpool, and Andrew Mearns's The Bitter Cry of Outcast London (1883), a short but telling description of the reality of the poverty then to be found in the world's richest city.
Prisons and Prisoners
Authors: Lytton Constance
Published: October 2011

Lady Constance Bulwer-Lytton (1869–1923), granddaughter of writer Edward Bulwer Lytton, became a passionate and militant suffragette after visiting imprisoned activists in 1905. She was arrested twice in 1909, on one occasion for throwing stones at a ministerial car, but was soon released. In 1910, to test whether the treatment of women prisoners differed depending on their class, she created a working-class alter ego, Jane Warton, for a protest in Liverpool. Under that name she was imprisoned and participated in a hunger strike that led to her being force-fed eight times, permanently damaging her health. This account of her experiences, first published in 1914, is a moving insight into the experiences of women who risked their lives and endured great suffering to secure the right to vote. For more information on this author, see http://orlando.cambridge.org/public/svPeople?person_id=lyttco
The Native Tribes of South-East Australia
Authors: Howitt Alfred William
Published: October 2011

A. W. Howitt's classic two-volume study, first published in 1904, investigates the organisation, practices and customs of the indigenous peoples he encountered during his forty years exploring Australia. He describes how he made 'close and friendly contact' with tribes who were, in his words, in a condition of 'complete savagery'. Howitt achieved considerable status among the Aborigines, and was even permitted to witness some of their sacred ceremonies. Focusing particularly on the social organisation of the tribes, their kinship systems and marriage rules, his book is a captivating account of a now-vanished civilisation.
The Works of John Ruskin
Authors: Ruskin John
Published: October 2011

The influence of John Ruskin (1819–1900), both on his own time and on artistic and social developments in the twentieth century, cannot be over-stated. He changed Victorian perceptions of art, and was the main influence behind 'Gothic revival' architecture. As a social critic, he argued for the improvement of the condition of the poor, and against the increasing mechanisation of work in factories, which he believed was dull and soul-destroying. The thirty-nine volumes of the Library Edition of his works, published between 1903 and 1912, are themselves a remarkable achievement, in which his books and essays - almost all highly illustrated - are given a biographical and critical context in extended introductory essays and in the 'Minor Ruskiniana' - extracts from letters, articles and reminiscences both by and about Ruskin. This twenty-ninth volume contains the seventh and eighth volumes of Fors Clavigera.
Römisches Staatsrecht
Authors: Mommsen Theodor
Published: October 2011

Theodor Mommsen's influential multi-volume work, first published between 1871 and 1888, is a systematic treatment of the intricate workings of the Roman state. The renowned German scholar proposed an original and sometimes controversial understanding of Roman institutions, based around the categories of nineteenth-century constitutional law. The Romans themselves never actually codified their complicated body of law, but by applying a historical approach to describe the development of Roman law Mommsen succeeds in making it more accessible to the reader. He systematises the many diverse legal elements upon which the Roman constitution was based and offers a coherent reading of it. In Volume 2, Part 2 Mommsen explains the origins and development of the Principate (the office of the Roman emperor), and describes the role of the imperial household. He also covers the tribunal court and the institutions responsible for governing Rome and Italy.
Twenty-Nine Years in the West Indies and Central Africa
Authors: Waddell Hope Masterton
Published: October 2011

This vivid account of the missionary work of the Rev. Hope Masterton Waddell in the West Indies and Central Africa was first published in 1863. During his sixteen years in Jamaica he witnessed the slave revolt and the aftermath of the abolition of slavery. The mission helped former slaves adapt to freedom in new communities. In 1846 he left Jamaica for Calabar in West Africa (now part of Nigeria), and his narrative is one of the best European accounts of pre-colonial Africa. The mission was concerned with ending local practices such as polygamy, human sacrifice and witchcraft, and Waddell formed a close relationship with King Eyo. The book gives considerable detail about the history and culture of the area, as well as on the work of the mission. His work in Calabar is still commemorated there in the Hope Waddell Training Institute, Duke Town.
History of the Inductive Sciences
Authors: Whewell William
Published: October 2011

A central figure in Victorian science, William Whewell (1794–1866) held professorships in Mineralogy and Moral Philosophy at Trinity College, Cambridge, before becoming Master of the college in 1841. His mathematical textbooks, such as A Treatise on Dynamics (1823), were instrumental in bringing French analytical methods into British science. This three-volume history, first published in 1837, is one of Whewell's most famous works. Taking the 'acute, but fruitless, essays of Greek philosophy' as a starting point, it provides a history of the physical sciences that culminates with the mechanics, astronomy, and chemistry of 'modern times'. Volume 2 focuses on the rise and development of modern mechanics in the seventeenth century. Whewell shows how Galileo's laws of motion exemplify a paradigmatic shift from 'formal' to 'physical' sciences - a new approach concerned with explaining causes rather than merely observing phenomena. It also discusses the implications for physical astronomy of Newton's discoveries.
Sacred Violence
Authors: Shaw Brent D.
Published: October 2011

One route to understanding the nature of specifically religious violence is the study of past conflicts. Distinguished ancient historian Brent D. Shaw provides a new analysis of the intense sectarian battles between the Catholic and Donatist churches of North Africa in late antiquity, in which Augustine played a central role as Bishop of Hippo. The development and deployment of images of hatred, including that of the heretic, the pagan, and the Jew, and the modes by which these were most effectively employed, including the oral world of the sermon, were critical to promoting acts of violence. Shaw explores how the emerging ecclesiastical structures of the Christian church, on one side, and those of the Roman imperial state, on the other, interacted to repress or excite violent action. Finally, the meaning and construction of the acts themselves, including the Western idea of suicide, are shown to emerge from the conflict itself.
Kaye's and Malleson's History of the Indian Mutiny of 1857–8
Authors: Kaye John , Malleson George Bruce
Published: October 2011

This six-volume History of the Indian Mutiny was first produced in 1890 by Colonel George Malleson (1825–1898), who combined Sir John Kaye's History of the Sepoy War in India with his own later work. Kaye (1814–1876) was a prolific writer of biography and history who started the Calcutta Review in 1844. His use of first-hand evidence, collected from personal and professional contacts, supports (perhaps predictably) his assertion that the rebellion is a story of British 'national character', and the narrative is illustrated with biographical and personal anecdotes. Malleson's contributions however are derived from his controversial 'Red Pamphlet' (1857) and other writings, in which he is unafraid to criticise or praise British troops and administration as the occasion demands. Volume 3 covers areas including Bengal and Bihar, Agra, the central and north-west, Oudh and Lucknow, and includes character assessments and discussions of conditions and causes.
Journal of a West India Proprietor
Authors: Lewis Matthew Gregory
Published: October 2011

Matthew 'Monk' Lewis (1775–1818) is best known as a writer of plays and 'Gothic' novels such as The Monk (from which he acquired his nickname). On the death of his father in 1812, he inherited a large fortune, including estates in Jamaica. He spent four months there in 1815, during which time much of this Journal of a West India Proprietor was written. He became interested in the condition of the slaves on his estates, and on returning to England made contact with William Wilberforce and other abolitionists. The improvements he made on his own estates were unpopular with other landholders, but foreshadowed the reforms of the 1830s, when the Journal was published. He revisited the island in 1817, but died of yellow fever on the way home. S. T. Coleridge regarded the Journal as Lewis' best work, and the one most likely to be of lasting value.
Lives of the Queens of Scotland and English Princesses
Authors: Strickland Agnes , Strickland Elizabeth
Published: October 2011

Agnes Strickland (1796–1874) and her sister Elizabeth collaborated on many biographical projects. They were pioneering historical biographers and key figures in the development of women's history. Writing from a female perspective, they included coverage of domestic matters that male historians had previously ignored. Although much of the work is Elizabeth's, she preferred to avoid publicity and her sister Agnes appeared as the sole author. This eight-volume series (originally published between 1850 and 1859) was the sequel to their hugely popular Lives of the Queens of England and allowed Agnes to indulge her passionate interest in Mary, Queen of Scots, to whom Volumes 3–7 are devoted. Volume 4 (1853) covers Mary's early reign amongst rival political factions and her turbulent marriage to Lord Darnley up to the birth of James VI. Thoroughly researched and referenced, it describes both the personal and political aspects of Mary's experiences.
Last Letters from Egypt
Authors: Duff Gordon Lucie
Published: October 2011

Lucie Duff Gordon (1821–1869) was a translator and travel writer. Forced to leave England in 1851 due to tuberculosis, she went first to South Africa and then to Egypt. Her letters home were published with considerable success. She writes with great feeling about the ordinary life of the Egyptians: her interest in and sympathy with them is clear, and her affection for them led her to criticise the derogatory way in which many western visitors regarded them. This second, posthumous volume (the first, Letters from Egypt, 1863-65, is also reissued in this series) contains not only the letters from the latter half of her time in Egypt, but also her letters from the Cape, and a memoir by her daughter, Janet Ross.
Metaphors of Depth in German Musical Thought
Authors: Watkins Holly
Published: October 2011

What does it mean to say that music is deeply moving? Or that music's aesthetic value derives from its deep structure? This study traces the widely employed trope of musical depth to its origins in German-language music criticism and analysis. From the Romantic aesthetics of E. T. A. Hoffmann to the modernist theories of Arnold Schoenberg, metaphors of depth attest to the cross-pollination of music with discourses ranging from theology, geology and poetics to psychology, philosophy and economics. The book demonstrates that the persistence of depth metaphors in musicology and music theory today is an outgrowth of their essential role in articulating and transmitting Germanic cultural values. While musical depth metaphors have historically served to communicate German nationalist sentiments, Watkins shows that an appreciation for the broad connotations of those metaphors opens up exciting new avenues for interpretation.