bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of streak development for boundary layer transition caused by isolated and distributed roughness
Authors: Joseph Robin , Kumar P. Phani , Diwan Sourabh S.
Published: August 2022

In this work, we characterize the early stages of transition in a flat-plate boundary layer caused by two types of surface roughness: distributed roughness (a strip of 24-grit emery) and isolated roughness (a cylindrical element). Towards this, we carry out extensive particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements. The distributed roughness consists of a range of grit heights and introduces a broad range of disturbances downstream of it. In the pre-transitional region, both isolated and distributed roughness cause steady streaks, which for the latter case show a lack of spanwise symmetry. This is in contrast to the freestream turbulence (FST), which introduces unsteady streaks in the pre-transitional boundary layer. We propose tilting of spanwise vortices downstream of the distributed roughness to be the mechanism for generation of streamwise vortices, which are likely precursors to the onset of transition. For both the roughness configurations, the steady streaks develop instability resulting in localized streak breakdowns. The wall-normal PIV visualizations show streak instability features qualitatively similar to those for the FST-induced transition. For the distributed roughness, both the outer instability of lifted-up streaks and the inner instability due to streak interaction are present, whereas for the isolated roughness, the inner instability is dominant while the outer instability is much weaker. Conditional sampling of fluctuating velocity shows an asymmetry in the positive and negative fluctuations after the onset of transition, in a manner similar to that observed for the FST-induced transition. These observations suggest that the wall-normal distribution of unsteady velocity fluctuations in the early stages of transition is qualitatively similar irrespective of the source of disturbance (roughness/FST) causing transition. We expect that this commonality of features among different types of transition will be helpful in modelling flow over aerodynamic surfaces such as turbine blades and aircraft wings.
Technique and results of robotic VVF repair with AINU technique of limited transverse cystotomy
Authors: Chiruvella Mallikarjuna , ghouse Syed mohammed , pallagani Likhiteswer , wani Amish , adapala Rajesh reddy , Taif Mohammed
Published: August 2022

Introduction:Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) being the most common type of urinary tract fistula, the gold standard technique opens the bladder at a higher point and continuing this opening up to the fistula tract via a longitudinal cystotomy (O’Connor technique). We propose a modified approach which involves a limited transverse cystotomy of bladder, having distinct advantages compared to sagittal cystotomy. Materials and methods:We conducted a retrospective analysis of prospectively maintained hospital records of all patients who underwent robotic assisted VVF repair with this technique in AINU Hyderabad from May 2017 to may 2022 . We excluded malignant/post-radiation VVF and associated uretero-vaginal fistula. A single surgeon operated on all patients. Intraoperatively the location of fistula, operative time, blood loss, peri operative complications, hospital stay, date of drain removal were maintained. Patients were followed till date Results :Total of 47 patients were included in the study, mean age of presentation was 43.3±6.2 years. The most common cause of fistula was hysterectomy (41 patients). Majority were supratrigonal fistulas (39 patients). 28.5% of the patients had history of at least one previously failed VVF repair. In the median duration of follow up of 38 months - 2 patient had clavien dindo type 3b complication, 10 patients had clavien dindo type 2 complication. Conclusion:Our modified technique of transverse cystotomy is a safe and feasible option for VVF repair with many advantages as described. Provides excellent results in terms of success rate and post-operative complications.
The “home-based exercise for BrEast and prostate caNcEr patients during treatment - a FeasIbility Trial” (BENEFIT CA Trial): rationale and methodological protocol.
Authors: Silva Larissa Xavier Neves da , Leite Jayne Santos , Ignacio Andresa Conrado , Pfeifer Lucinéia Orsolin , Cardoso Linda Ariene dos Santos , Alano Tainá Silveira , Umpierre Daniel
Published: August 2022

Background
Physical activity promotes benefits regarding adjuvant cancer therapy. Although exercise interventions may be applied in several settings, most trials involve participants going to specific facilities to engage in interventions. However, such approaches tend to restrict the access to people living nearby exercise centers, also reducing the assessment of real-world effectiveness. Therefore, evaluating the feasibility and implementation of home-based models of exercise training, especially in low-to-middle income settings, may inform future physical activity trials and programs. We herein present the protocol for the BENEFIT CA trial, with its’ goal to assess the implementation of a remote exercise intervention for patients with breast cancer or prostate cancer, primarily aiming to quantify adherence to an exercise program.
Methods
This study consists of a 12-week non-randomized, single arm, feasibility trial assessing a home-based exercise training, remotely guided, without a restricted follow-up, as well as an educational component, about cancer and exercise. Forty patients diagnosed with breast cancer and 40 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer, both being under active hormonal treatment, are being recruited. The primary outcome is the level of adherence, indicated as the proportion of performed exercise episodes. Secondary outcomes are related to recruitment rates, fatigue and quality of life scores, and functional capacity assessments. Throughout the study, adverse events will be accounted for. Because this is a feasibility trial, the statistical analysis plan is based on descriptive statistics, which encompasses an intention-to-treat analysis and a plan for handling missing data.
Discussion
This is a low cost feasibility study to orient the design of a wide range, pragmatic phase-three trial based on remote exercise intervention. With this study, we aim to better understand the adherence and implementation strategies regarding home-based exercise for the proposed population and, in the near future, move forward to a randomized clinical trial. In addition, this trial may contribute to engage patients with cancer to exercise programs throughout their treatment and beyond.
Trial registration: this trial has been approved by the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Ethics Committee/IRB (48869621.9.0000.5327) and registered at the Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05258526), registered on 25 February of 2022, prior to the beginning of the study, prior to the beginning of the study.
Keywords: feasibility; home-based; physical activity; exercise; cancer.
Relationship Between an Explosive Force at the Right Time and the Loading Rate When Landing
Authors: Sugiyama Kyoji , Fuchioka Satoshi , Kimura Yoshinori , Iwata Akira , Nakata Ken , Mae Tatsuo
Published: August 2022

Background
Sports injuries are strongly associated with the impact loading at landing. The ability to produce force and adjust the timing are simultaneously required for absorbing the impact loading.
Aims
Hence, we aimed to examine the hypothesis that the ability to produce explosive force at the right timing is related to the ability to absorb the impact loading at landing.
Methods
Twenty-nine healthy young men volunteered to participate in the study. We proposed a new test to measure the rate of force development (RFD) in accordance with the countdown signal. To evaluate the ability to produce explosive force at the right time, we measured the rate of change between the RFD at the standard start signal and the RFD at the countdown signal. Furthermore, to evaluate the ability to land from a jump, we measured the loading rate at single-leg drop landing (20 cm).
Results
We divided the participants into two groups based on the timing effect: the positive group (participants with increased RFD at the countdown signal, n = 11) and the negative group (participants with decreased RFD at the countdown signal, n = 18). The loading rate was significantly greater (P < .01) in the negative group (47.4 ± 11.2 body weight (BW)/s) than in the positive group (34.7 ± 7.1 BW/s).
Conclusions
Participants with increased RFD at the countdown signal had a lower loading rate at landing. Our results suggest that the ability to produce a timely explosive force may be a determinant of safe landing ability.
Retrospective analysis of drug resistance characteristics and infection related risk factors of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) isolated from the orthopedics department of a tertiary hospital
Authors: Yang Xiaowei , Guo Runsheng , Zhang Bi , Xie Banglin , Hu Niya , Zhou Song , Zhang Bin , Lai Qi
Published: August 2022

Background
Patients infected with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) are known to exhibit longer hospital stays and a significantly poorer prognosis. We performed a 6-year retrospective analysis of nosocomial infections reported in the orthopedics department of our institution, to gain valuable insights into antibiotic sensitivity and infectivity characteristics of MDROs, in order to deduce effective measures to control the occurrence of multidrug-resistant infections in clinical practice.
Methods
All relevant data, including basic patient information, cultivated bacterial strains, and antimicrobial resistance, was obtained from the Hospital Information Warehouse.
Results
A total of 1392 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated; 358 belonged to MDROs (detection rate = 25.7%). All the isolated strains of MDROs were mostly from secretions (52.2%). The number of cases infected with MDROs were 144 (40.2%) and 129 (36.0%) in the trauma and spinal wards, respectively. MRSA showed high resistance to β lactam antibiotics, but was sensitive to quinolone antibiotics, linezolid and cotrimoxazole. ESBL-positive strains showed more sensitivity to carbapenem antibiotics (< 10%). MDR nonfermenters showed high resistance to most antibiotics. Logistic multivariate analysis revealed age, open injury, and central nervous system injury as independent risk factors for multidrug resistant infections.
Conclusions
A high antibiotic resistance rate and an increasing prevalence of infections with MDROs was identified in the orthopedics department. Patients with open injury, central nervous system injury and those aged ≥ 60 years, were more prone to multidrug-resistant infections. Clinicians should pay more attention to such patients in order to actively prevent and control the occurrence of infections caused by MDROs.
Evaluation of a Tannin-based Herbal Formulation (Artemisia Annua, Quercus infectoria, and Allium Sativum) Against Coccidiosis in Broilers
Authors: Ghaniei Abolfazl , Ghafouri Seyed Ali , Sadr Soheil , Amiri Amir Ali , Tavanaee Amir Ebrahim Tamannaei , Charbgoo Ali , Ghiassi Shakila , Dianat Behnoush
Published: August 2022

Avian coccidiosis is considered among the infectious disease of high costs in the poultry industry. Herbal extracts are safe and reliable substitute anticoccidial drugs for chemical feed additives as they don’t sequel to drug resistance and tissue remnants. The purpose of the current study was to assess the anticoccidial effect of an herbal complex of 3 plants (Artemisia Annua, Quercus infectoria, and Allium Sativum) in broiler chickens in comparison with toltrazuril anticoccidial. One hundred twenty broiler chickens were used in this experiment and divided into 4 equally numbered groups. All the groups, except group (D), were experimentally infected whit mixed Eimeria spp. (E. Tenella, E. maxima, E. necatrix and E. brunetti) on day 14. Group (A), was treated whit an herbal mixture. Group (B), was treated whit Toltrazuril. Group (C), was experimentally infected with mixed Eimeria spp. But they didn’t have any treatment, this group was our positive control, as expected, this group had the poorest results and more mortality than other groups. Group (D), wasn't infected and was healthy all the experiment period, this was our negative control. Performance indices, fecal oocyst excretion, and intestinal lesion score were determined during the experiment. Treatment with an herbal complex significantly reduced the negative performance and pathogenic effects associated with Eimeria spp. at a level that was comparable with toltrazuril. In summary, the anticoccidial activity of the mentioned herbal complex recommends its use as an alternative anticoccidial agent to chemotherapeutic drugs for controlling coccidiosis.
Model based fitting of high-resolution rifampicin time series data and similarity-based segmentation sheds light on the complexity of transcription
Authors: Georg Jens , Wanney Walja , Youssar Loubna , Kostova Gergana
Published: August 2022

Bacterial gene expression is regulated and tuned via multiple means. Using stochastic simulations and experimental data from four different organisms, we show that a consequent rethinking of the classic rifampicin time-series analyses can help to uncover most of the processes that steer transcription, i.e. operon structures, (internal) start sites, (partial) termination sites, differential operon decay, transcript stabilities and elongation rates. To enable the comprehensive and reproducible analysis of such data we developed the broadly applicable R package ‘rifi’. We also provide evidence that rifampicin data can be used to detect transcriptional pausing sites and show that transcriptional interference via the collision of sense and antisense transcription is a hitherto underestimated mechanism for bacterial gene regulation.
Experience of implementing adaptable platform to conduct medical students’ qualification exam at an Ethiopian medical school in the middle of COVID-19 crisis: Participants perspective
Authors: Taddese Esubalew , knfe Goytom
Published: August 2022

Background
Medical training was halted for a long period in the initial phase of COVID-19 in Ethiopia, impacting medical students psychosocially and economically. Graduating class students in particular could not sit for qualifying examination and go on to the next phase of their professional career. To mitigate this challenge, St. Paul's hospital millennium medical college (SPHMMC) of Ethiopia designed and implemented an adaptable platform to help graduating class students sit for qualification exam during COVID-19 pandemic.
Method
An institution-based survey was conducted from October 30th to December 4, 2020, using undergraduate final year medical students and examiners selected by convenience sampling. A four-section survey instrument was distributed, and the collected responses were cleaned and entered into Epi data (v3.1) and exported to SPSS (v.26) for further statistical analysis. Participants experience towards modifications made on the traditional face-to-face undergraduate surgery qualification exam and effectiveness of this adaptable platform was assessed. Candidates preparation to take the exam in the middle of pandemic crisis, readiness and willingness to be part of the national health workforce in the fight against COVID-19 was also evaluated.
Result
Eight out of 10 participants were content with taking the modified qualification exam adjusted to suit the pandemic crisis and go on to the next stage of their career. About 68.5% of them liked the modified exam format and offered feedback saying that the practical exam was well-designed, the orientation given about the modified platform was adequate, the long case scenarios, short and viva images, videos and patient pictures were clear, near to reality at ward evaluation.
Conclusion
Implementing adaptable exam format was successful in meeting the expected endpoints and the students are ready and willing to join the national medical workforce any time.
Up-regulation of LINC01010 and lncRNA CASC15 can regulate the p53 signaling pathway and apoptosis process by regulation of PERP expression level as a breast cancer biomarker: Integrated systems biology and experimental approach
Authors: Karimi Mina , Khorasgani Narges Latifi , Naghieh Ariana , Parsanejad Zahra , Azadeh Mansoureh
Published: August 2022

Objectives
The transmembrane protein PERP is present in numerous epithelial and epithelium-derived cells in tessellating junctions and other junctional and non-junctional plasma membrane regions. Previous research has focused on the involvement of the PERP gene and associated non-coding RNA regulators in developing several cancer types. In this study, we performed a high-throughput microarray data analysis and related interaction and pathway analysis to find novel genes in breast cancer and perform a qRT-PCR experiment to measure the accurate expression level of genes.
Materials and method
Microarray data analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were performed to find novel dysregulated genes in the breast cancer (BC) samples. Protein-protein interaction, pathway enrichment, gene ontology (GO), and RNA interaction analyses were performed to find an integrated regulation network. The qRT-PCR experiment was performed to evaluate the expression of found genes.
Results
According to the bioinformatics analyses, PERP, lncRNA CASC15, and LINC01010 were selected as the hub dysregulated genes in the BC samples, regulating the p53 signaling pathway. These genes were selected from a ceRNA network. PERP (logFC: 2.631, p-value: 0.006), lncRNA CASC15 (logFC: 2.627, p-value: 0.0018), and LINC01010 (logFC: 1.838, p-value: 0.0049) have up-regulation significantly in the BC samples. Also, CASC15 can be considered as a novel diagnostic biomarker of Isfahan BC (AUC: 0.7008, p-value: 0.0149). There were significant correlations between the expression of PERP and LINC01010 and age, menopausal and HER2 receptor statuses of Isfahan patients.
Conclusion
LINC01010 and CASC15 can regulate the expression level of PERP in the BC patients and change the normal regulation of the p53 signaling pathway and affect the apoptosis process of normal cells. CASC15 as a potential diagnostic biomarker and LINC01010 as a potential prognostic biomarker could regulate the BC development in the different ages, menopausal statuses, and HER2 receptor negative patients.
Effect of light curing modes of high-powered LEDs on temperature rise under primary teeth dentin (an in vitro study)
Authors: Jabbour Obada , Alfares Reem
Published: August 2022

Background.
Temperature rise in the pulp chamber is a severe stress that can cause irreversible damage to the pulp. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of three curing modes of a high-powered LED and two remining dentin thicknesses on the temperature rise under primary teeth dentin.
Methods.
One dentin disc of 1 mm thickness was prepared from human primary molar. The dentin disc was exposed to curing light using a high-powered LED for 10 s to simulate bonding agent polymerization (stage 1 curing). Five specimens of resin composite were cured for 20 s. The different modes tested were standard, ramp, and pulse mode (n = 5). After that, the dentin disc was adapted to 0.5 mm thick, and the experiments were repeated. Temperature change data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test.
Results.
The highest temperature rise was observed under the 0.5-mm-thick dentin disc with standard mode (7.6 ± 0.2; 4.7 ± 0.4), whereas the lowest values were recorded with pulse mode under 1-mm-thick dentin (2.7 ± 0.1; 2.5 ± 0.2) during stage 1 curing and resin composite polymerization, respectively. Pulse mode produced significantly lower values than standard mode in all conditions (P < 0.05). An inverse proportion was found between the mean temperature rise values and the dentin thickness.
Conclusions.
High-powered LEDs should not be used to cure bonding agents in deep cavities. The maximum temperature rise induced by a high-powered LED during resin composite polymerization was not critical for pulpal health. Temperature rise related to dentin thickness and curing modes.
Sustainable E-Hailing Mobility Services in Nigerian Cities: Issues and Policy Direction
Authors: Ojekere Stanley , Ojo Olajide , Mkpandiok Daniella
Published: August 2022

The emergence of e-hailing services has started to play an important role in the mobility of goods and people in most Nigerian cities. The e-hailing platform connects individual drivers to potential users. Taking advantage of the country’s underdeveloped public transport system, high population, and rapid urbanization, the e-hailing mobility services have now grown exponentially from two (2) operators in 2014 to twenty-two (24) operators by 2022 across Nigeria’s major cities. However, where the regulatory framework is yet to be determined in many cities across Nigeria, the e-hailing services are now faced with significant operational challenges, which threaten their sustainability. The study adopted a desk research method and examined the mode of operation and issues of e-Hailing mobility services in Nigerian cities. It suggested strategies to enhance sustainable e-hailing services in Nigeria's cities.
The regional case for disruptive energy policy: a civic energy perspective
Authors: McGovern Gerard
Published: August 2022

This paper deploys a regional actor view to detect policy enablers of and barriers to the uptake of civic energy. In common with other forms of regional, decentralized energy, the civic energy concept not only challenges historical energy business models but changes the energy agenda to prioritize community development and climate issues. Energy policy needs to react by shifting from purely market regulations to the promotion of shared community energy solutions. Both current energy structures and established policy priorities are unsuited to deliver on widely recognized energy transition and sustainable development goals. Switching from a centralized to a decentralized energy mode is viewed as a major re-structuring of a socio-technical regime. In a series of expert interviews, two disruptive policy approaches, creative destruction and experimentation, are analyzed as to whether they can contribute to overcoming path dependency and carbon lock-in. Over and above dismantling existing administrative and legislative restrictions on civic energy uptake, policy experimentation is needed to develop new community partnerships that can host civic energy initiatives and mobilize untapped local energy resources. Whereas the fossil versus renewable energy policy debate seems to have been won, the shift from centralized to decentralized systems threatens existing power structures and remains highly contentious.
Response of Rutabaga to Combinations of Herbicides and Insecticides1
Authors: Freeman Jack A. , Finlayson D. G.
Published: August 2022

Over a 6-year period (1969-1974) the efficacy of 25 herbicides and 3 insecticides and their interactions in combination were investigated when applied to field seeded rutabaga (Brassica napobrassica). Of 215 herbicide insecticide combinations tested only 29 resulted in phytotoxic interactions as measured by seedling emergence, plant height and marketable yield. Six combinations involved all the insecticides: thionazin, fensulfothion and carbofuran; 1 with carbofuran and thionazin, 1 thionazin and fensulfothion, 5 thionazin alone, and 2 fensul fothion alone. Only 6 herbicides were involved: alachlor, aziprotryn, pronamide, napropamide, prynachlor and chlorpropham; the last when combined with propachlor. Although fewer emergent seedlings were recorded with all insecticides in 1969 to 1971 only thionazin caused a significant reduction. Carbofuran and thionazin affected rutabaga growth detrimentally in the years 1969 to 1971, but in the following years carbofuran had no effect. Plant growth was not affected during any year by fensulfothion. In all years the insecticides resulted in significant increases in marketable yields of rutabaga, carbofuran was slightly better for control for cabbage maggot, Hylemya brassicae (Bouché) than either fensulfothion or thionazin. None of the herbicides showed any insecticidal properties, nor did they affect the efficacy of the insecticides.
Effects of NH4 and NO3 Nutrition with and without pH Adjustment on Tomato Growth, Ion Composition, and Water Relations1
Authors: Pill W. G , Lambeth V. N.
Published: August 2022

Fertilization of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in solution culture with NH4-N resulted in reduced shoot and root concentration of Ca, Mg, K, P, and NO3, increased leaf and root resistances to water flux, and decreased water use efficiency as compared to plants cultured with NO3-N. Solution adjustment to pH 6.5 decreased shoot/root fresh weight ratio with both N forms; decreased leaf diffusive resistance and water stress but increased root resistance to water flux and shoot NH4 concentration under NH4-N nutrition. Solution pH had little effect on tissue ion concentration.
Effect of Daminozide on Yield and Quality of ‘Concord’ Grapes (Vitis labrusca L.) in Arkansas1
Authors: McCaskill D. R. , Morris J. R.
Published: August 2022

Succinic acid -2,2-dimethylhydrazide (daminozide, SADH) applied at first-bloom or peak-bloom at 1000, 2000, or 3000 ppm did not statistically alter yield in 1969. 1000 ppm applied between first- and peak-bloom in 1970 increased yield over the control, but no yield advantage was obtained at 500, 750, or 1000 ppm in 1971. Yield increases were due mainly to increases in the number of berries/cluster when daminozide was applied during early bloom as compared to application during verasion. Berry weight was reduced when the number of berries/cluster increased. Juice quality and vegetative growth of the grapevine generally decreased as yields increased due to daminozide application. Delaying harvest of grapevines partially overcame the retardation in maturity resulting from daminozide treatment.
Water Consumption of Cucumbers during Vegetative and Reproductive Stages of Growth1
Authors: Loomis E. L. , Crandall P. C.
Published: August 2022

The best irrigation schedule for pickling cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) involved removal of between 48 and 64% of the available water in the upper 90 cm of the soil profile between irrigations. The ratio (Kc) of consumptive water use to evaporation pan loss reached a maximum of 1.5 during the early harvest season. Moderate moisture stress had no significant effect on the grade or number of poorly developed fruit.

Transpiration rate (ml/cm2), leaf area, water use pattern, and total water use were compared in greenhouse and growth chamber environments for fruiting and nonfruiting cucumbers. Transpiration rate was higher and leaf area smaller for fruiting plants. Fruit production did not significantly affect total water consumption or the seasonal water use pattern.
Cluster-thinning ‘de Chaunac’ French Hybrid Grapes Improves Vine Vigor and Fruit Quality in Ontario1
Authors: Fisher K. Helen , Bradt O. A. , Wiebe J. , Dirks V. A.
Published: August 2022

Cluster-thinning of the French hybrid grape cultivar ‘de Chaunac’ (Vitis sp.) resulted in superior fruit quality and an increase in vigor of the vines in comparison to the unthinned vines in a similar pruning and management regime. The higher sugar levels associated with thinning are consistently desirable for wine making under Ontario conditions. The favorable test site used limited the expression of vine decline and winter injury usually associated with over-cropping of this cultivar in the Niagara Peninsula of Ontario.
New Sources of Fusarium Root Rot Resistance in Phaseolus vulgaris L.1
Authors: Boomstra A. G. , Bliss F. A. , Beebe S. E.
Published: August 2022

A procedure using nutrient culture media was developed to screen bean seedlings on an individual plant basis for reaction to Fusarium solani (Mart.) Appel & Wr. f. sp. phaseoli (Burk.) Snyd. & Hans. From over 800 accessions, 18 plant introductions and several cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris were found to be either resistant or tolerant. Susceptible plants, grown with ammonium nitrate as the nitrogen source (210 ppm N) showed reduced symptoms compared to plants grown on nitrate-N only. Ammonium as the sole nitrogen source was toxic to bean seedlings at identical nitrogen concentrations. Results based on the nutrient culture technique were generally consistent with field reactions.
Inheritance of Resistance to Fusarium solani f.sp. Phaseoli in Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and Breeding Strategy to Transfer Resistance1
Authors: Boomstra A. G. , Bliss F. A.
Published: August 2022

Susceptibility to root rot in beans Phaseolus vulgaris incited by Fusarium solani (Mart.) Appel & Wr. f.sp. phaseoli (Burk.) Snyd. & Hans, was dominant in crosses between resistant PI 203958 and susceptible cultivars ‘Cascade’, ‘Falcon’, ‘State Half Runner’ and ‘California Small White’. A quantitative inheritance pattern for disease reaction was observed. Selection of F2 plants showing slight disease symptoms resulted in F4 populations with a lower disease index than the unselected F2 population, indicating substantial gain. The results suggested that breeding methods such as recurrent selection, which are more suitable for improving quantitative traits than are backcrossing or pedigree selection, should be used to develop, Fusarium root rot resistant bean populations and cultivars.
Acidity and Total Soluble Solids in Citrus Hybrids and Advanced Crosses Involving Acidless Orange and Acidless Pummelo1
Authors: Cameron James W. , Soost Robert K.
Published: August 2022

Titratable acidity and total soluble solids were measured in F1 hybrid citrus populations involving an acidless pummelo [Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck] and an acidless orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] respectively, as one parent. Three advanced crosses were also studied. Crosses of the pummelo with 5 medium acid cultivars produced no acidless individuals but many with low to medium acidity and a few with acidities above 1.6% in their main seasons of use. The overall mean titratable acidity was 1.1%. Crosses of the acidless orange with 4 medium-acid cultivars produced only a few low to medium-acid individuals, and many with acidities above 1.6%; the overall mean acidity was 2.0%, significantly higher than with the pummelo. Mean levels of total soluble solids had a range which was similar between the 2 types of crosses, although the overall mean was significantly higher in the orange crosses. There were significant correlations between acid and total soluble solids levels in only 2 out of 11 progenies among all of the crosses.

Twelve of 40 individuals were essentially acidless in an F2 population involving the acidless pummelo as a grandparent. There were no acidless individuals, but there were many moderately-acid ones in 2 populations of acidless pummelo hybrids backcrossed to acid cultivars. These proportions suggest simple inheritance for the acidless character of the pummelo. In contrast, the high acid levels of the F1 populations with acidless orange imply a different basis for the latter’s lack of acidity.
The Effect of Pruning and Growth Regulator Treatments on Rose Plant Renewal1
Authors: Faber William R. , White John W.
Published: August 2022

6-(benzylamino)-9-(2-tetrahydropyran-yl)-9H-purine (PBA) in lanolin paste was applied to the greenhouse rose, Rosa hybrida L. cv. Red American Beauty, pruned in either a cutback or layback manner, and gibberellic acid (GA3) sprays were applied after bud-break. PBA application generally increased bud-break on both layback and cutback-pruned plants. Gibberellic acid (GA3) sprays did not improve growth of PBA-induced shoots. Layback-pruned plants developed a greater number of renewal canes (those reproductive stems that produced shoots of equal or greater basal stem diam after the first and second pinch) than cutback-pruned plants after growth regulator treatments.
The Control of Flowering in Lilium longiflorum Thunb. cv. Nellie White by Cyclic or Continuous Light Treatments1
Authors: Roh Seung Moon , Wilkins Harold F.
Published: August 2022

Flowering was accelerated by incandescent light day extensions of 3 minutes of light and 27 minutes of dark or longer light cycles and by 15 minutes of light and 15 minutes of dark cycles when BCJ-ruby incandescent light was given to young shoots from non-vernalized bulbs. If bulbs were vernalized for 3 weeks, cool white fluorescent light accelerated flowering as a day extension. As a night interruption, incandescent, fluorescent or BCJ-ruby incandescent cyclic light treatments accelerated flowering of shoots from vernalized or non-vernalized bulbs.

Day extensions of cyclic fluorescent or BCJ-ruby light treatments of 6 minutes on and 24 off or 3 minutes on and 27 off did not mediate a phytochrome controlled flowering response and along with the fact that there was no photoreversibility between day extensions of incandescent, fluorescent or BCJ-ruby incandescent light, indicate a high energy reaction involvement in the flowering of the lily.

As a night interruption treatment, a phytochrome mediated flowering response was observed with 3 minutes of light on and 27 off or 6 minutes on and 24 off cyclics of fluorescent or BCJ-ruby incandescent light treatments. However, as the light period increased to 15 minutes on and 15 off or under a continuous light cycle, there were no differences in the flowering response between fluorescent or BCJ-ruby incandescent. As night interruptions there was a reversibility response by R — FR, but not by FR — R. This indicated the simultaneous operation of the phytochrome and the high energy reaction.
Influence of Interrupting the Long Day Inductive Treatments on Growth and Flower Numbers of Lilium longiflorum Thunb.1
Authors: Roh Seung Moon , Wilkins Harold F.
Published: August 2022

Lilium longiflorum cv. Ace and Nellie White shoots from non-vernalized bulbs were intercalated during the 30 long day night-interruption by 10 or 20 natural days. The interrupted long day effect can be summated for early flowering with the same response as that seen under a continuous long day treatment. However, increased total flower numbers were obtained.
Performance of Young Nucellar Grapefruit on 20 Rootstocks1
Authors: Wutscher H. K. , Dube D.
Published: August 2022

Young grapefruit trees, Citrus paradisi Macf. cv. Redblush, on 20 rootstocks were most productive on Morton citrange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. x C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck], Swingle citrumelo (C. paradisi x P. trifoliata), Troyer citrange (P. trifoliata x C. sinensis), Texas sour orange (C. aurantium L.), Changsha mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco) and Christiansen trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata). There were small, but significant differences in fruit quality and uptake of 12 elements.
Ethylene in Relation to Postharvest Quality Deterioration in Processing Cucumbers1
Authors: Poenicke E. F. , Kays S. J. , Smittle D. A. , Williamson R. E.
Published: August 2022

Ethylene is produced by cucumber fruits (Cucumis sativus L.), at a rate which is size dependent. Small fruits (<2.6 cm diam) produced substantially more ethylene/kg fruit than did large fruits (2.6-3.8 and 3.8-5.1 cm diameter). Respiration was similarly affected. Mechanically harvested fruits produced 2 to 3 times more ethylene than did hand-harvested fruits. Texture profile analysis (TPA) of cross-sections of fruits treated 48 hr with 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 µl/liter ethylene indicated little change in textural parameters at concentrations below 10.0 µl/liter. Ethylene treatment, especially high concentrations, decreased fruit chlorophyll content. Greatest chlorophyll loss was at the stem-end of the fruit. Ambient concentrations of ethylene in well-ventilated trucks of cucumbers were not great enough to present a quality problem for processing cucumbers.
Measurement of Acetaldehyde in Senescing Apple Fruits1
Authors: Smagula John M. , Bramlage William J.
Published: August 2022

A new method for analyzing acetaldehyde concentration in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) tissues was used to measure its accumulation in senescing fruits. Initially low levels (1 µg/g fresh weight) increased as the fruits ripened, but only at advanced senescence did they reach relatively high levels (14 µg/g fresh weight). Acetaldehyde did not accumulate in advance of tissue disorganization. Watercored ‘Delicious’ apple tissue accumulated significantly more acetaldehyde than tissue of non-watercored fruits during storage, but watercore breakdown did not result. There was no consistent difference in acetaldehyde levels of ethephon-treated and non-treated ‘McIntosh’ apples after long-term storage, although the ethephon-treated fruits developed more senescent breakdown. However, the acetaldehyde level in fruits after breakdown occurred was about 20% higher than that in corresponding sound fruit. Acetaldehyde accumulation appeared to be a consequence of tissue disorganization rather than a cause of senescent breakdown in the fruits.
Effects of Media and Controiled-release Fertilizers on Rooting and Leaf Nutrient Composition of Juniperus conferta and Ligustrum japonicum Cuttings1
Authors: Johnson Charles R. , Hamilton David F.
Published: August 2022

Semi-hardwood cuttings of Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. and Juniperus conferta Pari, were propagated in sand or sand-peat (1:1 volume/volume and top-dressed with 18-6-12 or 14-14-14 Osmocote (18N—2.6P—10.OK and 14N—6.OP—16.6K, respectively). Percent rooting was improved by Osmocote after 8 weeks although all L. japonicum cuttings were rooted after 12 weeks. Fresh weight of roots and dry weight of tops were improved by Osmocote treatment. N and P levels of leaf tissue increased with Osmocote top dressing compared to unfertilized controls. Percent rooting was initially superior in sand but after 10 weeks all cuttings were rooted and root development was greater in sand-peat.
Influence of Nutrition on Cold Tolerance of ‘Redcoat’ Strawberries1
Authors: Zurawicz E. , Stushnoff C.
Published: August 2022

Cold stress resistance of ‘Redcoat’ strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) grown under several fall fertilization nutrient regimes was determined by artificial freezing. Stress resistance was determined at the onset of acclimation, October 15, and in midwinter with fully hardened plants. The least tolerant plants during the onset of acclimation were those with nutrient deficiencies, those with high N and low P and K and those with a high imbalance of K, whereas the most tolerant plants resulted from fertilizer applications of balanced NPK and balanced NPK plus high P (1:2:1). Fully hardened plants, artificially frozen to -9°C, -11° and -13° crown temperature showed similar stress responses to fertilization except that plants given high N plus P and K were more tolerant than in the October freeze test. Tissue analyses showed that plants with the highest ratio of P/K in crown and root tissues were also the most resistant to cold stress.
Freeze Protection of Peaches by Evaporative Cooling in the Post-rest, Pre-bloom Period1
Authors: Lipe W. N. , Wilke O. , Newton O.
Published: August 2022

Evaporative cooling of peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) trees in the post-rest, pre-bloom period effectively delayed bud development and bloom and resulted in partial crop protection from 1974 through 1976. Winter rest was completed for ‘Dixie Red’ peach by mid-December each year and following rest, 5444 growing degree hours Celsius (GDH°C) above 7.2°C were required to reach first bloom. Untreated peaches reached 100% open bloom by April 1 each year and the average last freeze date was April 5. The use of 43.6 ha-cm/ha (17 acre- inches) of water from January 1 to March 1 resulted in an increase in fruit set in 1976 from 24 to 206 fruits per tree. Bloom was delayed from 10 to 15 days during the 3 years studied which resulted in a high percentage of buds remaining in a cold-resistant stage past the killing freeze.
Yield of Young Muscadine Grapes as Affected by Cane Pruning1
Authors: Lane R. P.
Published: August 2022

Ten cultivars of muscadine grape, Vitis rotundifolia, Michx., were pruned to canes (25 cm) or conventional 3-bud spurs. During the first 5 years of production, significant differences in yield for the cane method were obtained with ‘Cowart’, ‘Higgins’ and ‘Hunt’. The yield of other cultivars was significantly increased in some years by cane pruning. Increased yield with cane pruning was correlated with vine size increase.
Light and Temperature Effects on the Growth and Flowering of Dicentra spectabilis (L.) Lem1
Authors: Lopes L. C. , Weiler T. C.
Published: August 2022

Growth and flowering of bleeding heart were promoted by 14 to 24 hour photoperiods or light interruptions in the middle of the night. Cold treatment of crowns promoted growth and flowering at short photoperiods. Light at 9 klx promoted growth and inflorescence formation, but greater intensities were required to achieve anthesis. Growing temperatures of 15-22.5°C were most desirable.
Fruit Numbers, Fruit Size, and Yield Relationships in ‘McIntosh’ Apples1
Authors: Forshey C. G. , Elfving D. C.
Published: August 2022

In 3 ‘McIntosh’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) orchards, yield was positively related to fruit numbers, but negatively related to fruit size. Increases in fruit size from thinning were proportionately less than decreases in fruit numbers. Fruit thinning increased the percentage of larger fruits, but reductions in yield were such that the actual number of large fruits was either unchanged or reduced.
Soil Water Use and Apparent Root Efficiencies of Citrus Trees on Four Rootstocks1
Authors: Castle W. S. , Krezdorn A. H.
Published: August 2022

The pattern of soil water extraction by ‘Orlando’ tangelo (Citrus paradisi Macf. × C. reticulata Blanco) trees on rough lemon (C. jambhiri Lush.), sour orange (C. aurantium L.), sweet orange (C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck), and ‘Rusk’ citrange (Poncirus trifoliata Raf. × C. sinensis) rootstocks was studied using the neutron moderation method. Root distribution data from a previous study of the same trees were used to compare to water extraction data and to calculate “apparent root efficiencies.” Soil water loss was significantly correlated to feeder root dry weight. The general pattern of moisture extraction showed that the largest water losses initially occurred at the surface with increasing contributions from deeper roots as water from the surface layers was depleted. Roots at each depth and from each rootstock were not equally efficient. The adaptability of trees on the 4 rootstocks to the soil of the experiment site appeared to be related to their respective root distributions and efficiencies.
Identification and Distribution of Soluble Saccharides in Pickling Cucumber Plants and their Fate in Fermentation1
Authors: Pharr D. M. , Sox H. N. , Smart E. L. , Lower R. L. , Fleming H. P.
Published: August 2022

Leaves of Cucumis sativus L. contained predominantly, non-reducing sugars which included verbascose, stachyose, raffinose and sucrose. Glucose and fructose were also present. The major sugars of fruit were glucose, fructose, and sucrose. Stachyose was present in small fruit (5 to 7 g fresh weight), but no soluble galactose-containing saccharides were found in larger fruit. Other plant parts also contained the raffinose saccharides. The identities of these sugars were established by partial enzymatic hydrolysis and paper chromatographic examination of the hydrolytic products. Four species of lactic acid bacteria from cucumber fermentations were able to ferment stachyose, raffinose, sucrose, melibiose, galactose, glucose, and fructose.
Relations of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Fertilization to Nutrient Composition of the Petiole and Growth of Papaya1
Authors: Awada M.
Published: August 2022

Papaya plants (Carica papaya L.) were supplied with N, P, and K in factorial combinations from vegetative through bearing stages. An increase in N fertilization increased the stem growth rate at the vegetative stage only, but it increased the petiole weight at vegetative as well as bearing stages. K fertilization increased the stem growth rate at the bearing stage, but it did not affect petiole weight. P fertilization increased stem growth rate and increased petiole weight at the vegetative stage only. An increase in N fertilization resulted in increased petiole concentration of N and in decreased petiole concentrations of moisture, K, P, and Ca. P fertilization resulted in increased petiole concentrations of P, moisture, Ca, and Mg. K fertilization resulted in increased petiole concentrations of K and moisture, and in decreased concentrations of N, Ca, and Mg. The relationship between petiole dry weight and N concentrations was determined at 3 rates of P fertilization.
Effect of Method of Propagation and Scion Cultivar on the Root System of ‘Milam’ Rootstock1
Authors: Castle William S.
Published: August 2022

Root samples were obtained from 9-year-old trees of 3 citrus scions propagated on ‘Milam’ (a possible Citrus jambhiri Lush, hybrid) cuttings and seedlings. The root distribution and root density of trees on cuttings compared favorably with that of trees on seedlings, the usual commercial method of rootstock propagation. Significant factors affecting their respective root systems were method of propagation, scion, and soil depth; one interaction, propagation × depth, was significant. Trees on cuttings had a significantly larger total feeder root weight and surface root density than trees on seedlings.
Aluminum-induced Calcium Deficiency in Peach Seedlings1
Authors: Edwards J. H. , Horton B. D.
Published: August 2022

Total nutrient content, uptake rates, and distribution were determined for seedlings of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] grown in nutrient solutions containing 0, 222, 666, and 2000 µm Al. Generally, total nutrient content decreased in the peach seedling organs as Al concentration increased. The responses obtained with increased Al concentration were linear with some nutrients and curvilinear with others and varied with plant organ. As Al concentration increased, the uptake rates for P, Ca, Mg, Zn, and Mn decreased but those for K and Fe increased. Aluminum did not alter the translocation of most nutrients; however, a greater percentage of the absorbed Ca accumulated in the leaves than in the roots or stems. Thus, aluminum toxicity in peaches may be related to a reduction in Ca uptake rate and not to inhibition in translocation of Ca.
Characteristics of Red Maple Progenies from Different Geographic Areas1
Authors: Townsend Alden M.
Published: August 2022

Variation analysis showed significant variation among red maple (Acer rubrum L.) progenies grown from seed collected throughout the species’ natural range with respect to height, diameter, autumn color, winter injury, earliness of flusing and cessation of growth. Northern progenies showed slowest growth, most reddish autumn color, earliest flushing and budset, and least winter injury. Most traits were significantly correlated with several geographic and climatic variables, and genetic and phenotypic correlations among traits indicated that multiple-trait selection could be effective.
Inheritance of Resistance to Mechanical Damage and Transverse Cotyledon Cracking in Snap Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)1
Authors: Dickson M. H. , Boettger M. A.
Published: August 2022

Colored and white seeded inbred bean lines resistant to mechanical damage (MD) and transverse cotyledon cracking (TVC) were crossed with 2 susceptible white seeded snap bean cultivars. Resistance to both MD and TVC was inherited quantitatively although colored segregants were more resistant than white-seeded segregants, MD and TVC resistant white-seeded selections were obtained. Broad-sense heritability varied from 55 to 79% for MD and 53 to 93% for TVC; narrow-sense heritability resistance varied from 22 to 73% for MD and from 22 to 58% for TVC. Severe selection pressure for MD resistance on bulked F3 seed was shown to be a simple and practical method to obtain resistance.