bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eurocities of the Iberian Borderland: A Second Generation of Border Cooperation Structures. An Analysis of Their Development Strategies
Authors: Jurado-Almonte José Manuel , Pazos-García Francisco José , Castanho Rui Alexandre
Published: August 2020

The new territorial structures for the governance of the borderlands between Portugal and Spain (Eurocities) constitute a novel and exciting example of a local commitment to cross-border cooperation (CBC). The Eurocities are feasible institutions in very close cities and municipalities, and have always had intense relationships. With different speeds, formats and intensities, Eurocities have been forming along the European Union’s internal borders. Compared to other types of cooperation entities created mainly at regional or sub-regional scales (Euroregions and Eurodistricts), Eurocities are created at the municipal or local level, which are the most relevant protagonists of cross-border flows and relations. These new institutions are established based on different common objectives, such as economic dynamism, tourism, mobility, sustainability and access to funding, among many other fields of common interest. The present research deals with the geographical and institutional framework of these new Eurocities on the Portuguese–Spanish border, where they have increased in recent years. Their beginnings, evolution and characteristics are analyzed through a review work. In many cases, Eurocities become responses at the local and municipal scales. Some of these Eurocities have gone one step further by becoming a European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation (EGTC), such as Chaves–Marín or Guadiana Eurocity. In addition, some of these second-generation CBC structures are integrating into higher regional levels, such as in the case of the Río Minho EGTC. Furthermore, the present study enables us to identify factors, such as the offer of common equipment and services offer, Eurocitizenship, enhancing access to European Funds, or the marketing and advertising of the Eurocity, as some of the critical factors for the success of the Iberian Eurocities.
Design, Construction, and Characterization of a New Regioisomer and Diastereomer Material Based on the Spirooxindole Scaffold Incorporating a Sulphone Function
Authors: Al-Majid Abdullah Mohammed , Soliman Saied M. , Haukka Matti , Ali M. , Islam Mohammad Shahidul , Shaik Mohammed Rafi , Barakat Assem
Published: August 2020

The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction is one of the most rapid, and efficient protocols to access, and construct highly divergent heterocycle chiral auxiliaries. Free catalyst synthesis of spirooxindole scaffold incorporating sulphone moiety via one pot–three component reaction of 6-chloro-isatin, L-proline, and the phenylvinylsulphone as dienophile is presented. The new regioisomer and diastereomer was isolated by precipitation without the tedious purification step, and then characterized via NMR and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Using Hirshfeld analysis, the analysis of molecular packing was performed. It depended mainly on strong O…H and N…H interactions, and weak H…H, C…H, and Cl…H interactions as well. DFT calculations were used to optimize the experimental X-ray structure, which was found well matched with the calculated one. Reactivity descriptors based on the energies of the highest occupied (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied (LUMO) molecular orbitals were calculated. Additionally, the donor–acceptor interactions which stabilized the system via σ–σ*, π→π*, n→σ* and n→π* electron delocalization processes were also computed using NBO calculations. The net interaction energies are 49.96, 235.38, 179.66 and 107.06 kJ/mol, respectively. Additionally, the calculated NMR chemical shifts correlated well with the experimental data (R2=0.99).
Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Is Involved in Interferon Gamma’s Anti-BKPyV Activity in Renal Cells
Authors: Fiore Tony , Martin Elodie , Descamps Véronique , Brochot Etienne , Morel Virginie , Handala Lynda , Dakroub Fatima , Castelain Sandrine , Duverlie Gilles , Helle François , François Catherine
Published: August 2020

Reactivation of BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) infection is frequently increasing in transplant recipients treated with potent immunosuppressants and highlights the importance of immune system components in controlling viral reactivation. However, the immune response to BKPyV in general and the role of antiviral cytokines in infection control in particular are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the efficacy of interferons (IFN) alpha, lambda and gamma with regard to the BKPyV multiplication in Vero cells. Treatment with IFN-gamma inhibited the expression of the viral protein VP1 in a dose-dependent manner and decreased the expression of early and late viral transcripts. Viral inhibition by IFN-gamma was confirmed in human cells (Caki-1 cells and renal proximal tubular epithelial cells). One of the IFN-stimulated genes most strongly induced by IFN-gamma was the coding for the enzyme indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO), which is known to limit viral replication and regulates the host immune system. The antiviral activity induced by IFN-gamma could be reversed by the addition of an IDO inhibitor, indicating that IDO has a specific role in anti-BKPyV activity. A better understanding of the action mechanism of these IFN-gamma-induced antiviral proteins might facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
The RNAi Pathway Is Important to Control Mayaro Virus Infection in Aedes aegypti but not for Wolbachia-Mediated Protection
Authors: Sucupira Pedro H. F. , Ferreira Álvaro G. A. , Leite Thiago H. J. F. , de Mendonça Silvana F. , Ferreira Flávia V. , Rezende Fernanda O. , Marques João T. , Moreira Luciano A.
Published: August 2020

Mayaro virus (MAYV), a sylvatic arbovirus belonging to the Togaviridae family and Alphavirus genus, is responsible for an increasing number of outbreaks in several countries of Central and South America. Despite Haemagogus janthinomys being identified as the main vector of MAYV, laboratory studies have already demonstrated the competence of Aedes aegypti to transmit MAYV. It has also been demonstrated that the WolbachiawMel strain is able to impair the replication and transmission of MAYV in Ae. aegypti. In Ae. aegypti, the small interfering RNA (siRNA) pathway is an important antiviral mechanism; however, it remains unclear whether siRNA pathway acts against MAYV infection in Ae. aegypti. The main objective of this study was to determine the contribution of the siRNA pathway in the control of MAYV infection. Thus, we silenced the expression of AGO2, an essential component of the siRNA pathway, by injecting dsRNA-targeting AGO2 (dsAGO2). Our results showed that AGO2 is required to control MAYV replication upon oral infection in Wolbachia-free Ae. aegypti. On the other hand, we found that Wolbachia-induced resistance to MAYV in Ae. aegypti is independent of the siRNA pathway. Our study brought new information regarding the mechanism of viral protection, as well as on Wolbachia mediated interference.
Use of Water Isotopes in Hydrological Processes
Authors: Vreča Polona , Kern Zoltán
Published: August 2020

Stable (16O, 17O, 18O, 1H, 2H) and radioactive (3H) isotopes in water are powerful tools in the tracking of the path of water molecules in the whole water cycle. In the last decade, a considerable number of studies have been published on the use of water isotopes, and the number continues to grow due to the development of new measurement techniques (i.e., laser absorption spectroscopy) that allow measurements of stable isotope ratios at ever-higher resolutions. Therefore, this Special Issue (SI) has been compiled to address current state-of-the-art water isotope methods, applications, and hydrological process interpretations and to contribute to the rapidly growing repository of isotope data important for future water resource management. We are pleased to present here a compilation of 14 papers reporting the use of water isotopes in the study of hydrological processes worldwide, including studies on the local and regional scales related either to precipitation dynamics or to different applications of water isotopes in combination with other hydrochemical parameters in investigations of surface water, snowmelt, soil water, groundwater, and xylem water to identify the hydrological and geochemical processes.
Geomorphology-Based Analysis of Flood Critical Areas in Small Hilly Catchments for Civil Protection Purposes and Early Warning Systems: The Case of the Feltrino Stream and the Lanciano Urban Area (Abruzzo, Central Italy)
Authors: Piacentini Tommaso , Carabella Cristiano , Boccabella Fausto , Ferrante Silvia , Gregori Carlo , Mancinelli Vania , Pacione Alessandro , Pagliani Tommaso , Miccadei Enrico
Published: August 2020

This work is based on a drainage basin-scale geomorphological investigation combined with flood modeling. It is focused on the assessment of flood critical areas for the implementation of a geomorphology-based urban Early Warning System (EWS) in the urban area of Lanciano and the Feltrino Stream basin (a minor coastal basin of the Abruzzo hills, Central Italy). This area was investigated by combining: pre-existing geological, geomorphological, and hazard data and new detailed field surveys and mapping of geomorphological and hydrographical features (superficial and buried natural and urban stream network). The study was integrated with 2D flood numerical modeling for verifying the expected flooded areas and calibrating the critical areas. All the collected data were integrated into a geodatabase, and an expert-based approach through a geomorphology-based matrix allowed us to define the main categories of flood critical areas. The assessment of the critical areas supported the emplacement of a network of rainfall, temperature, and flood gauges. The geodatabase, the derived critical areas, and the gauge network contributed to set up an urban EWS, integrated with the regional forecast-based warning system. This system provides combined forecast-based, rainfall threshold-based, and flood monitoring-based alerts for floods. It incorporates communication tools for civil protection management. Finally, the EWS provides a tool for civil protection purposes and for the management of flood critical areas and the mitigation of the related risks by local authorities and will be integrated with sensors related to other hazards (i.e., landslides, wind, etc.).
Site Fidelity, Habitat Use, and Movement Patterns of the Common Carp during Its Breeding Season in the Pearl River as Determined by Acoustic Telemetry
Authors: Zhang Yingqiu , Li Yuefei , Zhang Lili , Wu Zhi , Zhu Shuli , Li Jie , Li Xinhui
Published: August 2020

Understanding fish migration patterns and habitat use is essential for fisheries management. We conducted an acoustic fine-scale tracking experiment from March to June 2017 to determine the common carp movement pattern and habitat use in the downstream area of the Pearl River. The eight tagged common carp were detected for 39.38 ± 29.57 d, on average, with a total average detection period of 42.12 ± 28.02 d. A general linear mixed model suggested they were detected more during the night than during the day. Common carp preferred habitats near the sandbar and riparian shallow habitats, as revealed by their movement tracks and habitat selection indexes. The general additive mixed model (GAMM) analysis of their shortest distances to riverbanks and depth indicated that they migrated to shallower riparian habitat more frequently during the night than during the day. The continuous wavelet spectrum further confirmed the significant diel pattern of their vertical movement. Their habitat use was also influenced by the water temperature, water level, and river discharge, as suggested by the GAMM. Our results provide novel information on common carp spatiotemporal movement and habitat use patterns, and have important implications for its native population restoration and the invasive population control/exclusion.
Impact of Hydropower Dam Operation and Management on Downstream Hydrogeomorphology in Semi-Arid Environments (Tekeze, Northern Ethiopia)
Authors: Annys Sofie , Ghebreyohannes Tesfaalem , Nyssen Jan
Published: August 2020

Due to renewed interest in hydropower dams in the face of climate change, it is important to assess dam operations and management in combination with downstream impacts on rivers in (semi-)arid environments. In this study, the impacts of the Tekeze hydropower dam on downstream hydrology and river morphology were investigated, including impacts under normal and extreme reservoir operation conditions. Field observations, in-depth interviews, repeat terrestrial photographs, multi-year high-resolution satellite images, daily reservoir water levels and data on hourly to daily energy production were collected and studied. The results show that high flows (Q5) have declined (with factor 5), low flows (Q95) have increased (with factor 27), seasonal flow patterns have smoothened, river beds have incised (up to 4 m) and locally aggraded near tributary confluences. The active river bed has narrowed by 31%, which was accelerated by the gradual emergence of Tamarix nilotica and fruit plantations. A new post-dam equilibrium had been reached until it was disrupted by the 2018 emergency release, caused by reservoir management and above-normal reservoir inflow, and causing extensive erosion and agricultural losses downstream. Increased floodplain occupation for irrigated agriculture consequently provides an additional argument for reservoir operation optimization to avoid future risks for riparian communities.
Analisis Yuridis Penentuan Jenis Dakwaan Yang Disangkakan Kepada Terdakwa Dalam Perkara Tindak Pidana Narkotika
Authors: Humendru Boyman Berkat , Ginting Devi Anggara br , Sitorus Rico Natanael
Published: August 2020

This article is aimed to find out the legal basis of the public prosecutor in determining the type of indictment of a narcotics offender. The basis for making the indictment is regulated in KUHP article 143 paragraph (2) and the circular of the attorney general no. 009/19/11/1993. Seeing the narcotics abuse in Indonesia is always increasing in all circles nowadays. S there needs to be a real punishment for uses and dealers. In the prosecution process, a defendant in a narvotics crime will be charged with an alternative indictment. Alternative indictments are composed of several criminal offences which exclude one another from the other.
O PNEDH como ferramenta de consolidação e expansão dos direitos humanos
Authors: Ferreira Helena Maria , Rezende Eliezer Cristina , Ribeiro de Carvalho Sousa Lorena
Published: August 2020

O presente artigo ensaístico elege como objeto de discussão a articulação entre direitos humanos e educação. Nesse contexto, parte-se da assertiva de que a educação se constitui um direito previsto e garantido pela Constituição da República. No entanto, a falta de proposição de políticas públicas ou de conhecimentos sistematizados sobre tais políticas pode inviabilizar o acesso a uma educação de qualidade. Nessa direção, o presente texto tem como objetivo analisar os pressupostos do Plano Nacional de Educação em Direitos Humanos (PNEDH), que são decisivos para a garantia dos direitos à educação. De natureza ensaística, este artigo traz uma provocação sobre os princípios basilares para uma educação em Direitos Humanos e uma compilação dos eixos de atuação e seus respectivos princípios, concepção e ações programáticas. Assim, o procedimento metodológico consistiu na produção de uma reflexão de textos teóricos e do documento do PNEDH. A partir das discussões empreendidas, foi possível constatar a relevância de um conhecimento mais sistematizado dos pressupostos do PNEDH para a implementação de políticas, notadamente, mais adequadas às demandas da sociedade, bem como a garantia do acesso a uma educação de qualidade.
PERAN BAHASA ARAB DALAM PENDIDIKAN ISLAM SEBAGAI URGENSITAS MENGAHADAPI REVOLUSI INDUSTRI 4.0
Authors: Cahya Edi Setyawan  , Khairul Anwar
Published: August 2020

With the presence of the Industrial Revolution 4.0, it automatically influenced the process of scientific development in Islamic education and Arabic. the development is felt in the aspects of its objectives, teaching methodology, and learning media, and competency standards of graduates who have soft skills and hard skills. Arabic, which has always been considered less important for some learners, has become an "Urgent" thing at the moment, namely as a door to enter the Islamic education space. The following will be explained about the influence of industrial revolution 4.0 in Islamic education and the aspects that become Urgency in Arabic as the entrance to the entry of Islamic education.
PERCEPATAN MENGHAFAL AL-QUR’AN MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN KOSA KATA BAHASA ARAB
Authors: Amirul Mukminin
Published: August 2020

Basically, the general obstacle or problem in memorizing al-Qur'an in Indonesia is about the language of the Qur'an which is a foreign language for memorizers in Indonesia. Which is the language of the Tahfidz al-Qur'an is the latest innovation in MTs SA ALHIDAYAH Batu-Malang City. To applicate this program was greatly helped by the existence of Arabic learning that had taken place before the Tahfidz program. So that, with the collaboration of learning Arabic and tahfidz, students feel helped and fast in memorizing. The one of methods used in learning Arabic that help with the tahfidz program is Arabic vocabulary memorization system and its meanings as much as possible.
PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB SEBAGAI DASAR PENGEMBANGAN KETERAMPILAN MEMBACA KITAB
Authors: Asmuki Asmuki , Muhammadiyah Ahmadi
Published: August 2020

Arabic in its implications in the world of Islamic religious education, especially in Islamic sciences, has a urgent role. As the language of instruction for various references in the rapidly developing branches of science in the global era, Arabic cannot be excluded, although its existence does not exceed English as the language of international communication. It is to enter the doors of Islamic knowledge that Arabic is an important and to be important role to be learned from various branches of linguistics. Both grammatical and various Arabic language skills. For this reason, in every Madrasah, pesantren, and some schools, Arabic language is required to be included in their curriculum.
تصميم المواد التعليمية في درس اللغة العربية لتنمية مهارة القراءة
Authors: Khilmia Aqif
Published: August 2020

The University of Darussalam Gontor is a university that pays attention to learning Arabic. This is by the curriculum in each study program. As the founder stated that University must be a university that consistently teaches the language of the Qur`an, all students must master Arabic. However, the Islamic Economics study program does not yet have Arabic language teaching materials that have a bad impact on lecturers or students in the teaching and learning process. So, the researchers tried to compile Arabic language teaching materials specifically for students of Islamic Economics study programs at the University of Darussalam Gontor. The formulation of the research problem is “What the characteristics of Arabic teaching materials to improve reading skills of Islamic Economics study program students at the University of Darussalam Gontor?” and “How effective are Arabic teaching materials in improving reading skills of Management study students at the University of Darussalam Gontor?”. This study aims to explain the characteristics of the Arabic language teaching materials in improving the reading skills of students in Islamic Economics study programs at the University Darussalam of Gontor and to see the effectiveness of Arabic teaching materials to improve reading skills of students in Islamic Economics at the University of Darussalam Gontor. This research is a type of Research and Development (R & D) research which is preceded by data collection with interviews, tests, questionnaires, and documentation. To analyze the data collected, the author uses the t-test formula. The results of this study that teaching materials are arranged in the form of books, which are preceded by supervising for instructors of Arabic, learning steps, and syllabus. And the core of this book is material consisting of 13 chapters, consisting of reading texts and practice questions. At the end of this book, there are vocabulary words and their meanings arranged according to the alphabet. From the results of the pre-test and post-test values, it was found that the post-test value was greater than the pre-test. This shows that the compiled book is used both for students and instructors of Arabic. Then the Arabic language instructors must pay attention to the things students need to learn Arabic by looking at the condition of the students and their language skills. From the results of this discussion, researchers hope that lecturers of Arabic language material will always pay attention to the needs of students, so they can choose the right material and learning methods and according to their needs.
EFEKTIFITAS MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PANTOMIM UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAHIRAN BERBICARA (MAHARAH KALAM)
Authors: Hartanto Eko Budi
Published: August 2020

This research is motivated by the difficulties of MTs students.  Sunan Bonang Sarang-Rembang both in speaking and making Arabic conversation texts.  So this research was carried out using pantomime  media to improve students' speaking ability in Arabic, it aims to find out how the application of pantomime, what are the challenges and how to overcome them, and whether there are differences in the ability of students before and after pantomime. This study uses quantitative research and the target is students of class IX MTs.  Sunan Bonang Sarang, Rembang.  And to find out the results of the problem formulation, the authors use several data collection methods, including interviews, documentation, questionnaires, tests, and observations.  The data analysis technique used in this study is parametric statistical analysis with the t test formula. By using the data collection method, it can be concluded that there is an influence between before applying the pantomime game and after applying the pantomime game, it can be seen from the percentage of student questionnaires stating 75.31% they agree and support the application of this game, they also think that  they are easier and more confident when speaking and making muhadatsah texts after playing pantomime. The influence of the application of this pantomime game is very strong seen from the correlation result which is 0.95. As for the t test results from the application of this game is 5.482, when compared with t tables with a significant level of 0.05% which is worth 2,000.  Then t count > t table.  This means that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected, or there is an increase in students' ability to speak Arabic between before and after the implementation of the mime game.
Behçet Hastalarında Metilglioksal, İskemi Modifiye Albumin Düzeyleri ve Prolidaz Aktivitesinin Araştırılması
Authors: ERYAVUZ ONMAZ Duygu , SİVRİKAYA Abdullah , ABUSOGLU Sedat , YİLMAZ Sema , ABUŞOĞLU Gülsüm , TUTKUN Lütfiye , UNLU Ali
Published: August 2020

Amaç: Behçet hastalığı otoimmün, kronik, enflamatuvar, multisistemik bir hastalıktır. Hastalıkta yaygın olarak oral aft, genital ülserler, cilt lezyonları, üveit görülmekle birlikte temel patolojik bulgu vaskülittir. Behçet hastalığının spesifik bir laboratuvar bulgusu yoktur. Behçet hastalığında eritrosit sedimentasyon hızı, C-reaktif protein gibi çeşitli rutin parametrelerin düzeylerinde yükseklikler belirtilmekle birlikte bu parametrelerin düzeylerindeki değişiklikler klinik aktiviteyle her zaman paralellik göstermemektedir. Bizim bu çalışmadaki amacımız Behçet hastalığı ile iskemi modifiye albumin, metilglioksal ve serum prolidaz aktivitesi arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymaktır.Materyal ve metod: Çalışmaya 35 Behçet hastası, 35 kontrol dahil edilmiştir. Tüm bireylerin metilglioksal düzeyleri kromatografik yöntemle Thermo Ultimate 3000 Ultra-Yüksek Performanslı Likit Kromatografisi cihazında, serum iskemi modifiye albumin düzeyleri ve prolidaz aktivitesi spektrofotometrik (Perkin Elmer Lambda 25 UV/Vis, US ) yöntemle ölçülmüştür.Bulgular: Behçet grubunda serum iskemi modifiye albumin (p<0.001), prolidaz, metilglioksal (p<0.001), nötrofil lenfosit oranı (p=0.011), platelet lenfosit oranı (0.015), eritrosit sedimentasyon hızı (p=0.047), eritrosit dağılım genişliği (p=0.021), nötrofil(p=0.007) düzeyleri kontrol grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak belirgin düzeyde yüksek bulunurken, ortalama eritrosit hemoglobin konsantrasyonu değeri ise kontrol grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak belirgin düzeyde düşük bulunmuştur (p=0.010). Sonuç: Serum iskemi modifiye albumin, metilglioksal düzeyleri ve prolidaz aktivitesi Behçet grubunda kontrol grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak belirgin düzeyde farklı bulunmuştur.
Dış Kulak Yolunda Yabancı Cisim Olan Vakaların Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: SUBAŞI Buğra
Published: August 2020

Dış Kulak Yolunda Yabancı Cisim Olan Vakaların Değerlendirilmesi
AMAÇ: Dış kulak yolunda yabancı cisim olan olgularda yabancı cisim tipleri, komplikasyonları, tedavi yaklaşımları incelendi.
MATERYAL ve METOD: Kasım 2015 ve Ağustos 2019 yılları arasında kulakta yabancı cisim nedenli tanı konulan 186 hastalar retrospektif olarak incelendi. Yabancı cismin tipi, hastanın yaşı, cinsiyeti, hasta şikayetleri, yabancı cismin hangi tarafta sık görüldüğü, komplikasyonlar, tedavi yöntemleri kaydedildi.
BULGULAR: 186 kişinin (116 erkek, 70 bayan ortalama yaş 36.7 yıl dağılım: 9ay- 87 yıl) dış kulak yolunda yabancı cisim tespit edildi. 91 olguda (%48.92) sağ kulakta, 87 olguda (%46.77) sol kulakta, 8 olguda (%4.3) her iki kulakta yabacı cisim izlendi. 6 (%3.2) olguda tek kulakta birden fazla yabancı cisim izlendi. Hastaların 54’ ü 16 yaş altı çocuk, 132’si erişkindi. Çocuklarda en sık boncuk (%25.93), erişkinlerde en sık pamuk (%25) izlendi. 179 hastadan poliklinik şartlarında anestezi kullanmadan yabancı cisim çıkartılırken, 7 hastada genel anesteziyle yabancı cisim çıkarıldı.
SONUÇ: Hem çocuklarda hem de erişkinlerde görülen dış kulak yolu yabancı cisimleri sık görülen Kulak burun boğaz (KBB) acillerindendir. Komplikasyonlardan kaçınmak için uygun aletler kullanarak tecrübeli KBB hekimlerince otoskop ya da mikroskop yardımı ile iyi görüş sağlanarak dikkatlice çıkartılmalıdırlar.
Anahtar kelimeler: Yabancı cisim, dış kulak yolu, pamuk, boncuk

Evaluation of Patients with External Auditory Canal Foreign Bodies.
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND: To investigate the types of foreign bodies, complication rates, treatment protocols of patients with external auditory canal foreign bodies.
METHODS: 186 patients who were diagnosed with foreign bodies in the external auditory canal were analyzed retrospectively between November 2015 and August 2019. Types of foreign bodies, age, gender, clinical symptoms, side of presentation, complications, treatment protocols were recorded.
RESULTS: We detected 186 patients (116 males,70 females; range 9 month to 87 years) with external auditory canal foreign bodies. Foreign bodies were detected in right ear in 91 patients(%48.92), and in left ear in 87 patients (%46.77). 8 patients (%4.3) have bilateral foreign bodies and 6 patiens (%3.2) have at least two foreign bodies in the same external auditory canal. 54 patients were children under 16 years old, 132 were adults. Beads (%25.93) were the most common foreign bodies in children, cotton (%25) were the most common in adults. Foreign bodies were removed without use of any anesthetic agents in 179 patients but in 7 patients were removed under general anesthesia.
CONCLUSION: External auditory canal foreign bodies are common emergency problem of otorhinolaryngology in both children and adults. They should be removed carefully under good vision using otoscope or under the microscope by experienced otorhinolaryngologist for prevent complications.
KEY WORDS: Foreign body,external auditory canal, cotton, bead
Atopik Astımlı Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Vatandaşları ile Mültecilerin Deri Prick Test Sonuçlarının Karşılaştırılması
Authors: KURTULUŞ Şerif , CAN Remziye , SAK Zafer
Published: August 2020

Amaç: Astım ve atopi çevresel maruziyetler ile değişkenlik gösterir. Göç ve Mültecilikte Alerjik astım hastaları için dezavantajlı grupta yer alır.
Materyal ve Metod: Kesitsel tasarımlı 431 hastada, Ocak 2015-2017 tarihleri arasında, Atopik astımlı Türkiye Cumhuriyeti vatandaşı ile Çadır kampta yaşayan Suriyeli Mültecilerin Deri Prick Test (DPT) sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı.
Bulgular: Atopik Astım tanılı %45,7 Suriyeli Mülteciler olmak üzere toplam 431 hastaya SPT yapıldı. Kadın cinsiyet %75,4 ‘tür. Yaş ortalaması 30,5 ’tir. Hem TC vatandaşı hem de Mültecilerde en çok görülen alerjen Ev tozu akarıdır. Uyruğa göre: Mantar karışımı (13,343/0,000), Hamam Böceği (8,541/0,003) ve Tahıl karışımına (6,556/0,011) gruplar arasında anlamlı fark izlendi. Cinsiyete göre: Mantar Karışımı (6,173/0,013) ve Hamam Böceğine (4,495/0,034) gruplar arasında anlamlı fark izlendi. Yaş gruplarına göre: 17-34 yaş grubunda Mantar Karışımına (21,567/0,000), 45 ve üzeri yaş grubunda ise Ağaç polenine (6,062/0,048) karşı gruplarda anlamlı fark bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Göç ve Mültecilik durumlarında Alerjik Astım önemli bir sağlık sorunudur. TC vatandaşı ve Mültecilerde en sık alerjen pozitifliği ev tozu akarında görülmektedir. Suriyeli Mültecilerde sırayla Ev tozu akarı, Ot karışımı ve Mantar karışımı şeklindedir. Bu çalışma Mültecilerde Aeroalerjenleri gösteren ilk çalışma olmasıyla literatüre katkı sunacaktır.
Parotis Kitlelerinde Klinik Deneyimimiz: Kitle Boyutu ile İnce İğne Biyopsi Sonuçları Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: ÖZDAMAR Kadir , ŞEN Alper , GÜLER Yavuz , CÜCE Bilge
Published: August 2020

Amaç: Parotis kitle boyutu ile ince iğne aspirasyon biyopsi (İİAB) sonuçları arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmek.
Materyal-metot: Bu çalışmaya parotis bezinde kitle nedeniyle preoperatif İİAB yapılan 56 olgu (25 erkek 31 kadın; ort.yaş 43.0 ±11.2 yıl, aralık: 13-82) dahil edildi. Tüm olgulara tam bir kulak burun boğaz muayenesi yapıldıktan sonra, parotis İİAB yapıldı. Tüm olgular kitle boyutuna göre, 2 cm den küçük, 2-4 cm arasında olanlar ve 4 cm den büyük olanlar olmak üzere üç gruba ayrıldı. Kitle boyutuna göre İİAB nin duyarlılık, özgüllük,doğruluk, pozitif öngörü ve negatif öngörü değerleri değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Parotis kitleleri için İİAB 'nin duyarlılığı %60, özgüllüğü %95.5, doğruluk %81, pozitif öngörü değeri %90 ve negatif öngörü değeri %77.8 idi. Kitle boyutu 2 cm 'den küçük olanlar için duyarlılık %50, özgüllük %88.9, doğruluk %76.9, pozitif öngörü değeri %66.7 ve negatif öngörü değeri %80 idi. Kitle boyutu 2- 4 cm arasında olanlar için duyarlılık %50, özgüllük %100, doğruluk %83.3, pozitif öngörü değeri %100 ve negatif öngörü değeri % 80 idi. Kitle boyutu 4 cm 'den büyük olanlar için duyarlılık %80, özgüllük %100, doğruluk %83.3, pozitif öngörü değeri %100 ve negatif öngörü değeri %50 idi.
Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, parotis kitle boyutu ile İİAB test sonuçları arasındaki ilişki değerlendirildi. Parotis kitle boyutu arttıkça, İİAB test sonuçlarının duyarlılık ve özgüllüğünün arttığı saptandı.
The Association of The Prolongation Of P-Wave Duration With Ascending Aortic Dilatation In Obese Patients
Authors: DOĞDUŞ Mustafa , KOYUNCU İlhan , YENERÇAĞ Mustafa
Published: August 2020

Background: Ascending aortic dilatation (AAD) is a clinical entity, which is closely related to acute aortic syndromes and can be mortal if not detected at an early stage. Interatrial block (IAB) is a conduction delay between the both atriums, and is associated with cardiovascular diseases. We think that IAB may accompany with obese patients with AAD, and the diameter of ascending aorta may be correlated with P-wave duration. Thus, in the current study, we aimed to evaluate the association between AAD and IAB in obese patients.
Methods: A total of 318 consecutive obese subjects who were presented to our outpatient clinic for routine follow-up were enrolled into the study. Standard 12-lead ECGs were recorded. Clinical characteristics, echocardiographic data, and laboratory results of the patients were obtained.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 62.7 ± 10.3 years, and 199 (62.5%) of the patients were female. The frequency of IAB was significantly higher and P-wave duration was significantly increased in the AAD (+) patients than in the AAD (-) subjects (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). The strongest correlation was found between ascending aortic diameter and P-wave duration (r = 0.713, p < 0.001). In linear regression analysis, P-wave duration (β = 0.695, p < 0.001) and left atrial volume index (LAVI) (β = 0.611, p = 0.005) were found to be independent predictors of ascending aortic diameter.
Conclusion: We demonstrated that prolongation of P-wave duration and increased LAVI values were significantly associated with ascending aortic diameter. Therefore, we think that P-wave duration may be used in the follow-up of the AAD patients.
Interaksi Pembelajaran Matematika Menghadapi UN
Authors: Sriyati Sriyati
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mendiskripsikan bagaimana interaksi antara guru dan siswa dalam pembelajaran Matematika menghadapi UN di SMP 2 Randublatung, (2) mendiskripsikan bagaimana interaksi antara siswa dan siswa dalam pembelajaran Matematika menghadapi UN di SMP 2 Randublatung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah adalah metode kualitatif. Dalam penelitian kualitatif memandang obyek sebagai sesuatu yang dinamis, hasil kontruksi pemikiran dan interprestasi terhadap gejala yang dinamis, serta utuh (holistic) karena setiap aspek dari obyek itu mempunyai satu kesatuan yang tidak dapat dipisahkan. Subyek ( nara sumber ) penelitian adalah guru Matematika kelas IX, siswa kelas IX dan Kepala sekolah. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SMP 2 Randublatung sejak bulan Februari 2010 sampai dengan Mei 2010. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: (1) interaksi antara guru dan siswa dalam pembelajaran Matematika menghadapi UN terjadi didalam kelas dan diluar kelas. Pada saat proses pembelajaran Matematika didalam kelas maka terjadilah interaksi antara guru dan siswa yang sangat baik , akrab penuh kekeluargaan. Hal ini terlihat siswa selalu mengerjakan soal dibuku tulis dan siswa berani mengerjakan soal dipapan tulis. Interaksi antara siswa dan guru dapat terjadi diluar kelas ketika siswa masih mengalami kesulitan belajar didalam kelas Hal ini terlihat guru memberikan penjelasan kesiswa dikantor guru pada siswa yang belum paham konsep maupun soal yang berkaitan dengan konsep maka tujuan pembelajaran tercapai dengan baik, (2) interaksi antara siswa dan siswa dalam pembelajaran Matematika menghadapi UN sangat baik , akrab, kekeluargaan, tidak ada permusuhan diantara siswa,sehingga diantara siswa mampu menyelesaikan kesulitan belajar baik mengenai konsep yang baru dikenalnya, maupun mengenai soal prediksi UN 2010. Hal ini dapat dilihat pada saat siswa didalam kelas berdiskusi dengan baik saling menghormati sedang diluar kelas siswa membentuk kelompok belajar dengan teman sehingga tujuan pembelajaran tercapai dengan baik.Kata Kunci: interakasi, pembelajaran Matematika
The Psychological and Demographic Factors of Quality of Life in Older Adults
Authors: Kiling Indra Yohanes , Prawitasari Johana Endang
Published: August 2020

This research aims to determine the relationship between psychological and demographic factors, which are dispositional optimism, and self-efficacy are the psychological factors, meanwhile home, sex and ethnicity as the demographic factors of quality of life in the older adults. The major hypothesis of this research proposed that there are positive relationship from both psychological factors and demographic factors to the quality of life in older adults. This study involved 53 older adult peoples. The result of multiple regression analysis shows that there is a positive relationship from all five variables to the quality of life in older adults as big as 76,5% (Adjusted R2= 0,765). This result means that both the psychological and demographic factors do have effective contributions to the quality of life in older adult people. The results of t-tests are also discussed.
PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI PERSEDIAAN OBAT PADA APOTEK RUMAH SAKIT MENGGUNAKAN METODE SPIRAL
Authors: 2019 Sentikom
Published: August 2020

Pharmacy is a place to sell and sometimes make or mix drugs. A pharmacy is also a place where pharmacists practice the pharmaceutical profession. Many patients complained that the available drugs are incomplete, because the system used is still manual, in this case still using the ledger format to see the available drug supplies. In this case, problems in the drug data collection system and drug inventory data collection are sometimes constrained in determining the stock and the amount of drugs available at the pharmacy. Therefore it is necessary to conduct an evaluation study to collect data on the supply of drugs in hospital pharmacies in order to identify the cause of out of stock and drug supply in hospital pharmacies, determine the amount in stocking of drugs and determine Production Correction Factors for each drug submitted by the manufacturer. To overcome this problem, we need an application or desktop-based system that can evaluate and determine the available inventory at hospital pharmacies. The methodology used in the development of this information system is the Spiral method, which Spiral model is one form of evolution that uses the natural iteration method which is owned by the prototyping model and combined with the systematic aspects developed with the waterfall model. Entities contained in this information system are suppliers, pharmacists, patients and leaders.
Use of Augmented Reality (AR) to aid bioscience education and enrich student experience
Authors: Reeves Laura E. , Bolton Edward , Bulpitt Matthew , Scott Alex , Tomey Ian , Gates Micah , Baldock Robert A
Published: August 2020

In recent years, development of new technologies designed to enhance user experience have accelerated, often being used in modern media including in films and games. Specifically, immersive experiences such as Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) have redefined how digital media can be delivered, encouraging us to interact with and explore our environment. Reciprocally, as the power of these technologies has advanced, the associated costs to implement them has decreased making them more cost-effective and feasible to deliver in a variety of settings. Despite the cost reduction, several issues remain with accessibility due to the knowledgebase required to generate, optimise and deliver 3D-digital content in both AR and VR. Here we sought to integrate an AR-based experience into a level 4 Biochemistry module to support the delivery of university lectures on protein structure and function. Traditionally, this topic would comprise 2D still images of complex 3D structures. By combining a breadth of subject-specific and technological expertise from across the university, we developed an AR-enhanced learning experience hosted on Zapworks AR platform. AR enabled full illustration of the complexity of these 3D structures while promoting collaboration through a shared user experience. Assessing the impact of the AR-experience via a formative test and survey revealed that despite only a modest increase in test performance, students overwhelmingly reported positively on the engaging nature and interactivity of AR. Critically, expanding our repertoire of content delivery formats will support the forward-thinking blended learning environments adopted across the higher education sector.
Consolidating Democracy in Kenya (1920-1963)
Authors: Gathogo Julius
Published: August 2020

Kenya became a Crown Colony of the British government on 23 July 1920. Before then, 1895 to 1919, it was a protectorate of the British Government. Between 1887 to 1895, Scot William Mackinnon (1823-1893), under the auspices of his chartered company, Imperial British East Africa (IBEA), was running Kenya on behalf of the British Government. This article sets out to trace the road to democracy in colonial Kenya, though with a bias to electoral contests, from 1920 to 1963. While democracy and/or democratic culture is broader than mere electioneering, the article considers electoral processes as critical steps in consolidating democratic gains, as societies now find an opportunity to replace bad leaders and eventually installs a crop of leadership that resonates well with their pains, dreams, fears and joys. With its own elected leaders, the article hypothesizes, a society has a critical foundation because elected people are ordinarily meant to address cutting-edge issues facing a given society. Such concerns may include: poverty, corruption, racism, marginalization of minority, ethnic bigotry, economic rejuvenation, gender justice, and health of the people among other disquiets. Methodologically, the article focusses more on the 1920 and the 1957 general elections. This is due to their unique positioning in the Kenyan historiography. In 1920, for instance, a semblance of democracy was witnessed in Kenya when the European-Settler-Farmers’ inspired elections took place, after their earlier protests in 1911. They were protesting against the mere nomination of leaders to the Legislative Council (Parliament) since 1906 when the first Parliament was instituted in Kenya’s history. Although Eliud Wambu Mathu became the first African to be nominated to the Legislative Council in 1944, this was seen as a mere drop in the big Ocean, as Africans had not been allowed to vote or usher in their own leaders through universal suffrage. The year 1957 provided that opportunity even though they (Africans) remained a tiny minority in the Legislative Council until the 1963 general elections which ushered in Kenya’s independence. What other setbacks did the Kenyan democratic process encounter; and how were the democratic gains consolidated? While the article does not intend to focus on the voice of religious societies, or the lack of it, it is worthwhile to concede that a democratic process is an all-inclusive enterprise that invites all cadres to “come and build the barricading wall” for all of us.
Smart Automated Surveillance System using Raspberry Pi
Authors:   Student, Department of Information Technology, in Lakshmi Narain College Of Technology, Bhopal, India., Namdeo Rohan , Sharma Sahil ,   Student, Department of Information Technology, in Lakshmi Narain College Of Technology, Bhopal, India., Anand Varun ,   Student, Department of Information Technology, in Lakshmi Narain College Of Technology, Bhopal, India., Lohi Chanchal ,   Assistant Professor in the Department of Information Technology in Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, India.
Published: August 2020

With the fast-growing world, frequent attacks and burglaries are increased. Therefore, the need for an effective and reliable surveillance security system has become an indispensable necessity to fulfill various security aspects and add quality to human life. The existing security systems use CCTV cameras and computers. It also consumes a lot of memory because of continuous recording and needed manpower to detect unauthorized activities and instant notification is also not possible in these surveillance security systems. So we researched the surveillance part and mainly on the burglary part where during the absence of the owner the camera will detect motion and will send instant notification to the user when motion is detected. Compared to existing surveillance systems, the use of Raspberry pi is effective because of its size, low power, and memory consumption, wireless features, and many more effective aspects. In this paper, we proposed an IoT based surveillance security system that can be accessed remotely with the use of the internet. This framework can be used in homes and personal offices. The framework works best in confined spaces and when the space in which it is being used has the absence of the owner. This is because the system will detect any movement occurring in the space.
Effect of Welding Current and Electrodes on Reinforcement Height in Shielded Metal Arc Welding Process
Authors:   PhD Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, GLA University, Mathura, India., Yadav Mr Indra Jeet , Singh Dr. Rudra Pratap ,   Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, GLA University, Mathura, India.
Published: August 2020

Joining of materials is the need of modern industries and stuctures. Shielded metal arc welding process is one of the most popular and commonly used method of joining materials. The weld reinforcement height should be optimum for mechanical properties of the weld. If the reinforcement height is less or negative, it is not recommended considering strength of weld as surface area will be reduced and if the reinforcement height is more, it will produce stress concentration which is not recommended. In the present work the investigation of the effect of three different types of electrodes at three different welding currents in shielded metal arc welding process utilizing Low Carbon Steel plate of API 5L Grade X 52, was done for reinforcement height. The three different electrodes as E 6013, E 7016 and E 7018 and the varying currents as 90 A, 100 A and 110 A. Total 18 pieces were used to obtain 9 welds which were used to analyze the effect of current and the electrode on reinforcement height. The dimensions of the work pieces were taken as 75 mm x 50 mm x 5 mm. The values of reinforcement height in each weld were written in a table and respective diagrams were drawn to make clear the effect of welding current on reinforcement height for the three different electrodes.
Smart Software Assessment of Effects of Rock Properties on Blast-Induced Ground Vibrations
Authors:   CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Nagpur., Pradeep G. , Ramulu M. ,   CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Nagpur., Budi G. ,   Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad., Murthy V.M.S.R. ,   Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad.
Published: August 2020

The drilling and blasting method considered most economical method in civil and urban construction process. Ground vibrations are one of the major problem in blasting activity. Velocity of blast induced ground vibrations influenced by mainly three parameters such as properties of the rock mass properties, the explosive characteristics and the blast design and execution. In those parameters, rock mass properties of blasting area are unchangeable, so study of influence of rock properties very essential to minimize the effect of vibration on nearby structure. This study investigated the effect of rock strength parameters on vibration velocity. In this study, the blasting vibration monitored at a blasting site with different rock masses. This paper, presented a review on prediction models and rock properties influence on peak particle velocity. This paper also presented the relation between peak particle velocities different mines with their respective rock properties. This paper critical analysis on previous studies. This paper presented correlation between rock strength properties like compressive strength and tensile strength on vibration velocity.