bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Absentives or ambidirectionals?
Authors: Holvoet Axel , Žeimantienė Vaiva
Published: January 2020

The present article introduces the ambidirectional, a construction (or sometimes just a distinct type of use of a gram basically serving another function) referring to two-way motion events in the past. The discussion starts out from the notion of absentive, which has already established itself in the literature since de Groot (2000). In many languages the construction ‘be’ + INF, claimed to be an absentive, exists only in a past-tense variety. It is argued that such constructions do not meet the definitional criteria for absentives. We here propose to describe them as ambidirectionals, by which we understand a construction (or a specific type of use of a gram with a broader array of functions) denoting two-way motion-cum-purpose events in the past. The absentive can be characterised as a particular type of use of an ambidirectional construction, which allows different focusing: either a holistic view is given of the motion event or its outward point is focused upon, and in the latter case the presence of an external observer yields the absentive interpretation. The fact that the constructions involved are basically ambidirectional explains why in many languages they are restricted to the past, while other languages allow occasional or regular extensions to the domain of the present.
Insubordinated concessive imperatives
Authors: Holvoet Axel , Daugavet Anna , Lindström Liina
Published: January 2020

The article deals with a constructional idiom attested in both Baltic languages as well as in the neighbouring Slavonic and Fennic languages and in Yiddish, containing as its central component what is argued to be an insubordinated imperatival concessive clause and characterising a situation by hyperbolically describing the consequences conceivably flowing from it or a course of action it could be imagined to induce. This construction, which is clearly an areal feature, has a stable constructional meaning but its formal shape is extraordinarily fluid and differentiated. It also displays a considerable degree of cross-linguistic variation partly resulting from separate developments and partly from interaction with other constructional idioms as well as with other languages. The article deals with the structure and origin of the construction and gives an overview of its variation across languages.
Studying variation in case marking
Authors: Kozhanov Kirill
Published: January 2020

This paper examines the phenomenon of the genitive of negation (GenNeg) in the Aukštaitian dialects of Lithuanian. It is shown that there is areal variation in case marking of an object of a negated verb. West Aukštaitian dialetcs (the Kaunas region) allow innovative accusative marking of an object of a negated verb much more often (although not as often as is claimed in the dialect descriptions) than South and East (the Vilnius region) Aukštaitian dialects where the genitive marking is very consistent. Even though South Aukštaitian has more examples of accusative marking than East Aukštaitian, the percentage is still very small. Different types of negated contexts (local vs distant) are not so relevant for the choice of case marking in South-East Aukštaitian, but play a moderately significant role in West Aukštaitian: the accusative marking is more common in distant negated contexts. In East Aukštaitian, direct objects of infinitives embedded under negated verbs can also be marked by the nominative, i.e. verbal negation does not affect the case marking of the so called nominative objects.
The incomplete story of feminine gender loss in Northwestern Latvian dialects
Authors: Wälchli Bernhard
Published: January 2020

The aim of this paper is to show that Northwestern Latvian dialects (also called Tamian) are insufficiently characterized by placing them on a simple linear hierarchy of feminine gender loss, which is how they are traditionally approached in Latvian dialectology. While Lithuanian and Central and High Latvian dialects all have very similar and fairly canonical gender systems, various Northwestern Latvian dialects display a wealth of underexplored non-canonical gender properties, such as the reactivated topic marker gender relic, honorific feminine gender, pronominal adjectives behaving differently from attributive adjectives, the noun ‘boy’ turning into a hybrid feminine noun, and a third controller gender restricted to some diminutives. Feminine gender loss is traditionally explained by Livonian (Finnic) substrate. It is shown in this paper that the developments in NW Latvian have multiple causes, one of them being apocope (loss of short vowels in final syllables), a common feature of NW Latvian dialects which prompted many developments making NW Latvian different from Central Latvian dialects and which is also ultimately due to language contact. Apocope and other developments made the system more complex. The non-canonical gender properties described in this paper are the effect of subsequent developments reducing system complexity again.
[review of:] Peter Arkadiev, Axel Holvoet & Björn Wiemer, eds. 2015. Contemporary Approaches to Baltic Linguistics
Authors: Nau Nicole
Published: January 2020

Peter Arkadiev, Axel Holvoet & Björn Wiemer, eds. 2015. Contemporary Approaches to Baltic Linguistics. (trends in Linguistics, Studies and Monographs, 276). Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton. ISBN: 978-3-11-034376-2.

Only in recent years have we witnessed an increase of interest and scholarly activities regarding the Baltic languages, and for today's audience it may be more worthwhile to watch what is going on than no ponder over results. This volume provides an excellent opportunity to do so, presenting 13 individual studies by an international cast. They are preceded by an introductory article by the editors which has the lenght of a small monograph and is probably the most comprehensive overview of state of the art of Baltic linguistics that has ever been written.
[review of:] Wolfgang Hock et al. 2015. Altlitauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch
Authors: Derksen Rick
Published: January 2020

Wolfgang Hock et al. 2015. Altlitauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3 vols. Hamburg: Baar. ISBN: 978-3-935536-74-5.
Control alternations. On control properties in infinitival goal adjuncts in Baltic
Authors: Holvoet Axel
Published: January 2020

This article deals with control phenomena in a particular type of infinitival adjuncts in Baltic, viz. in goal adjuncts with transitive verbs of motion. It has already been noted in the literature that, though infinitival adjuncts are often assumed to have implicit subjects controlled by the matrix clause subject, certain subtypes select a matrix clause object as a controller. This is also often the case with goal adjuncts: individual languages may choose either the matrix clause subject or the matrix clause object as a controller. As shown in this article, Lithuanian and Latvian have grammaticalized both types of control, i.e. for most verbs occurring in infinitival goal adjuncts alternative constructions with the two patterns of control (subject and object control) are available. The alternative control patterns correlate with transitivity vs. intransitivity marking on the infinitive in the goal adjunct. The article reflects on the syntactic interpretation of the observed facts, examines the distribution of the two control patterns over lexical classes of verbs occurring in the goal adjuncts, and looks at the implications of the facts for the theory of control.
Logophoricity in Eastern Vidzeme
Authors: Wälchli Bernhard
Published: January 2020

Eastern Vidzeme is an important, hitherto neglected, area for the study of logophoricity in the Circum-Baltic languages. This paper shows, on the one hand, that logophoricity in Latvian is not restricted to Latgalian dialects, but is almost fully consistent in the writings of the novelist Andrievs Niedra (1871–1942) originating from Tirza, and on the other hand, that Leivu Estonian, a moribund South Estonian language island in Northeastern Vidzeme between Gulbene and Alūksne, is the only Estonian variety having developed a logophoric pronoun.

Given the high diversity of logophoricity in Latvian, it is important to study idiolects with large corpora, and written language deserves more study. Like Finnish dialects and Leivu Estonian, Niedra’s idiolect uses logophoric pronouns even for marking the report addressee in questions. Unlike in the Latgalian tales discussed by Nau (2006), logophoricity can be extended beyond the domain of report to thought. A distinction between allophoric (frame and report speaker are different) and autophoric reports (frame and report speaker are the same) is introduced. It is argued that logophoric pronouns are a non-deictic and noncoreference-based strategy to mark reports, that their function is not primarily reference tracking, and that logophoric pronouns in Latvian are constructionalized rather than grammaticalized.
[review of:] Rick Derksen. 2015. Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon
Authors: Petit Daniel
Published: January 2020

Rick Derksen. 2015. Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series, vol. 13). Leiden, Boston: Brill. ISBN (13): 9789004278981.
From sentence negation to connective. Old Lithuanian nei(gi) 'and not; nor; than; before'
Authors: Ostrowski Norbert
Published: January 2020

This paper aims to show the sources of the Lithuanian conjunction nei(gi) ‘than’ and its later development. The most archaic function of nei that can be found in Old Lithuanian texts is nei ‘and not’ as a type of sentence negation in a clause following another clause that does not contain a negation, with both clauses combined asyndetically. Examples can be divided into two subtypes, defined as unordered addition and temporal succession clauses in Dixon’s terms (Dixon 2009). The counterparts of nei are Latin ne-que and German und nicht. The next stage in the development of coordinate sentences with nei was correlative sentences of the type ne- ... nei(gi) ‘not ... nor’, which were very common in the 16th century. The correlative construction ne- ... nei(gi) ‘not ... nor’ traces back to juxtaposed clauses with narrow-scope negation, viz. p & q (‘We didn’t meet Marvin, and we didn’t meet Joan either’)—Haspelmath (2007, 16). Negative coordination of the type ne- ... nei(gi) underlies reduplicated connectives nei ... nei ‘neither ... nor’, which are widespread in modern Lithuanian. ne- ... nei(gi) also gave rise to the conjunction of comparative clauses nei(gi) ‘than’. (Pirm) nei(g) ‘before’, as a conjunction of temporal clauses, belongs to the latest chronological layer.
Recent developments in Latvian dialectology
Authors: Daugavet Anna
Published: January 2020

Trumpa, Edmunds. 2012. Latviešu ģeolingvistikas etīdes [Studies in Latvian Dialect Geography]. Rīga: Zinātne. ISBN 978–9984–879–34–5.Sarkanis, Alberts. 2013. Latviešu valodas dialektu atlants. Fonētika. Apraksts, kartes un to komentāri [Latvian Dialect Atlas. Phonetics. Description, Maps and Commentaries]. Rīga: LU Latviešu valodas institūts. ISBN: 978–9984–742–68–7

The last year saw the appearance of two significant contributions to the study of Latvian dialects. These are the phonology part of the Latvian Dialect Atlas prepared by Alberts Sarkanis (2013) and Latviešu ģeolingvistikas etīdes by Edmunds (Edmundas) Trumpa (2012a). The two are very different in their aims and methods, even though both deal with phonetic isoglosses of traditional rural dialects. In fact, traditional rural dialects are still considered as the only object of research by Latvian dialectologists in spite of the considerable changes to the field elsewhere, marked by the breakdown of the barriers between dialectology and sociolinguistics (see e.g. Chambers & Trudgill 2004 and Auer & Schmidt 2010). However, of the two reviewed books, Trumpa (2012a) seems to be closer to the modern understanding of research into language and space, and therefore his work can be seen as a promise of changes in Latvian dialectology, whereas Sarkanis (2013) almost entirely belongs to the traditional approach. Nevertheless, in the context of Trumpa’s rather innovative book, Sarkanis’ Phonological Atlas serves as a summary of achievements from the previous stage.
Responsive discourse particles in Lithuanian dialog
Authors: Sawicki Lea
Published: January 2020

The article deals with the discourse functions of two Lithuanian turn-opening particles, kad and na. The turn-opening particles are not exclusively conjunctions or connectives. They do not combine clauses in any traditional way, and neither coordination nor subordination is effected by them. Nevertheless, they play a specific role in marking the utterance they open as reactive and expressing the attitude of the speaker towards the content of the previous turn, thus serving as a cohesive device in dialog and enhancing its coherence. The responses opening with kad convey various shades of skepticism, reservations or uneasiness of the speaker about the content of the previous turn and offer justifications or excuses for not complying or obeying. The particle na is found in strictly non-narrative text portions, usually in dialog, but also in inner speech passages. In most of its environments it has to do with removing obstacles to the conversation flow.
Case theory and case alternations: evidence from Lithuanian
Authors: Anderson Cori
Published: January 2020

This article examines accusative-instrumental case alternations in Lithuanian, which is limited to four semantic classes of verbs: verbs of throwing, verbs of moving body parts, verbs of making sound and verbs of dressing/wearing clothing. Traditional grammars (e.g. Ambrazas 2006) have claimed that there is no semantic difference between the two cases in these contexts, but I will show that there is such a difference, albeit a subtle one. This allows us to understand why this alternation is possible: there is a difference in event structure, resulting in a different interpretation of the argument. When the argument is affected, or changed, accusative is used, and when it is peripheral to the event, the instrumental is used. This has implications for Case Theory, which aims to explain Case licensing in structural terms. I will argue that if a different morphological case is licensed, there is a difference in structure. By expanding the vP into multiple heads representing the subevents of a single event, we can reduce the accusative/instrumental alternation to a difference in structure.
[review of:] Judita Giparaitė. 2010. The Non-Verbal Type of Small Clauses in English and Lithuanian
Authors: Arkadiev Peter
Published: January 2020

Judita Giparaitė. The Non-Verbal Type of Small Clauses in English and Lithuanian. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2010. ISBN: (10) 1-4438-1723-6, ISBN: (13) 978-1-4438-1723-3The book under review is a comparative study of the non-verbal small clauses in English and Lithuanian.
The consonant template in synchrony and diachrony
Authors: Wälchli Bernhard
Published: January 2020

This paper investigates the importance of (unique) consonants in identifying cross-linguistic cognates. It is argued that consonants play a crucial role both in diachrony for the identification of cognates and in synchrony for the identificationof stemforms. The same algorithm — alignment of the consonant template (ACT) — is applied both in diachrony for identifying cognates and in synchrony for aligning stemforms. It is argued that identifying cognates is essentially the alignment of their consonant templates. Since the alignment of consonant templates is over-generating, ACT must be strongly constrained by semantics. A method is presented to extract cognates directly from parallel texts which is exemplified and evaluated mainly on the basis of Lithuanian and Latvian. For identifying cognates, a three step procedure is applied: (a) finding semantically equivalent forms (SEF), (b) finding equivalent consonants (EC), and (c) alignment of the consonant template (ACT).
Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Keluarga Tentang Demam Berdarah Dengan Motivasi Keluarga Terhadap Pencegahan Demam Berdarah
Authors: Alimansur Moh , Rinawati Fajar , Pradityo Angga
Published: January 2020

Substantively dengue can be prevented and there won’t be any dengue occurrence if people understand about the danger of this disease. Family can take action to exterminate aedes aegypti mosquito by eradicating its larva, such as at puddle with three actions (3M); draining (spreading abate powder), closing water saving, and burying unused things which retain water. This research was a correlational research. The population in this research was family who lives at Sumberkepuh Area of Getas District, Subdistrict of Tanjunganom. The numbers of samples were 135 respondents. The sampling method was using simple random sampling. The result of the analysis was showing that the family knowledge level at Sumberkepuh Area of Getas District, Subdistrict of Tanjunganom mostly (52.5%) have fair knowledge. The family motivation levels at Sumberkepuh Area of Getas District, Subdistrict of Tanjunganom mostly (68%) have strong motivation. The score of Kendall’s tau between knowledge and motivation was 0.622. It means that there was a significant correlation between knowledge level and motivation level. It is need the participation of all family members to maintain health. Such as by doing three actions (3M); draining, closing, and burying.
Drivers to Build A Powerful Country Tourism Brand: An Empirical Study On Millenials Segment
Authors: JUÁREZ Laura , USLU Abdullah , BLASCO Maria-francisca
Published: January 2020

There is a wide academic literature that deals
with the term Country Brand, but nevertheless, it has not been sufficiently
studied the country as a powerful tourism brand. The importance of the tourism
industry for many countries is indisputable, which leads to generating a brand
identity of a specific tourist destination: the country. The present study is
conducted among 465 millenials placed at Spain which are a very interesting
segment due to their principal motivations are travelling and also are the near
future decisions makers (Ng & McGinnis, 2015). The empirical research has
been conducted in Spain and it will be replicated in Turkish soon. The goal of
this work is to find out the main drivers that allow build a powerful tourism country
brand in the millennial segment.
The stadistical analysis is conducted with Principal Components Factor Analysis
Method (SPSS vs22), that permit to discover the main underlying drivers. 11 main underlying factors, than explain more than 65%
of the total explained variance, are found with a good adjustment. This factors
represents the main drivers to build a strong tourism brand country. Although the univariate analysis carried out
concludes that a key factor when evaluating a country like a tourism destination
is security and safety, the factorial analysis reveals that the underlying
driver that explains the greater percentage of the variance (16.65%) is the economic
strength of the country, among others factors. The main limitation of this
study is that it is based on a sample of millenials placed in Spain, we can
apply this study to other segments of population in other countries. Discover the main factors in the evaluation of
millennials about a country as a tourist destination allow to detect the most
important drivers that determine the decision to travel to a country on the
millennial segment and, therefore, can help to build a powerful tourism brand
country. The main originality of this work is to develop
the concept of country-brand as a tourist destination and apply it to the
millennial segment.
Charlie’nin Modern Zamanlar’ından, Google’ın Genç Çıraklar’ına; İş Yaşamında Gelenekselden Rekreatife Geçiş
Authors: KOÇAK Göknil Nur , ÖZKAN Meryem Ezgi , TANER Aslı
Published: January 2020

Bu çalışmada monoton, değişime açık olmayan, seri üretimin hâkim olduğu bir çalışma ortamı yerine yaratıcılığı destekleyen çalışma ortamının nasıl olabileceği sorusuna yanıt aranmaktadır. Bu sorunun yanıtı beraberinde “rekreatif iş” ve “rekreatif iş ortamı” kavrayışlarını getirmektedir. Araştırmanın yöntemi örnek olay incelemesidir. Seri üretim ve verimlilik artışının hedef alındığı geleneksel iş ve ortamlarını temsilen “Chaplin’in “Modern Zamanlar” filmi;  yaratıcılık ve yenilikçiliğin hedef alındığı rekreatif iş ve ortamlarını temsilen “Genç Çıraklar” filmi karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Örnek olay bulgularından hareketle yapılan kavramsallaştırma şu şekildedir: “Çalışanların fiziksel, duygusal ve düşünsel olarak aktif, kişisel zaman planlamasında serbest oldukları, etkileşimli ve oyunlaştırılmış süreçler içinde bireyselliğin korunabildiği işlere rekreatif iş denir”. Yenilik ve yaratıcılık gerektiren bilgi çağında rekreasyon serbest zamana hapsolmuş bir etkinlik olmanın ötesinde, her çeşit eyleme içkin bir nitelik olarak değerlendirilmelidir. Bu kapsamda rekreatif iş, rekreatif ebeveynlik, rekreatif eğitim, rekreatif yönetim gibi kavrayışlar geliştirilebilir. Üniversitelerin Rekreasyon Yönetimi bölümlerinin müfredatları bu kapsamda tasarlanabilir.
Kalabalık Restoran Algısının Davranışsal Niyetlere Etkisi
Authors: İFLAZOĞLU Nurhayat , ÇAKICI A. Celil
Published: January 2020

Mevcut çalışmanın amacı
restoran müşterilerinin kalabalık algısının davranışsal niyetlere etkisini
ortaya koymaktır. Veriler literatüre bağlı geliştirilen bir anket ile
toplanmıştır. Anket, amaçlı örnekleme ile seçilen ve kalabalık olduğu bilinen
bir restoranın müşterilerinden toplanmıştır. Anket uygulaması, garson kılığına
girmiş araştırmacılardan biri
tarafından 16-24 Nisan 2018 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. 459
anketten elde edilen verilerin değerlendirilmesinde; tanımlayıcı istatistikler,
açıklayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi, yapısal eşitlik modellemesi
uygulanmıştır.

Kalabalık olduğu bilinen restoranlarda "insani kalabalık"
algısının davranışsal niyeti olumlu yönde, buna karşın "mekansal kalabalık"
algısının ise olumsuz yönde etkilediği bulunmuştur. Lezzetli yiyecek ve içecek
sunduğu bilinen kalabalık restoranlarda, insani kalabalık davranışsal niyetleri
olumlu yönde etkilemesi, tüketicilerin kalabalıktan ziyade fiyat/kalite
dengesini önemsediklerini ortaya koymaktadır. Buna karşın mekansal kalabalık
konusuna restoran yöneticilerinin gereken önemi vermelerinde fayda vardır.
Karaduvar’ın Sakin Şehir Modeline Göre Swot Analizi
Authors: SAMIRKAŞ KOMŞU Meryem , KOMŞU Ufuk Cem , ÖZKAN Meryem Ezgi
Published: January 2020

Günümüzde özgün yaşam
alanlarının yaratılması ve sürdürülebilir kentsel bölgelerin oluşturulmasının
bir yolu olarak Sakin Şehir uygulaması önerilmektedir. Sakin şehir
felsefesinde, yöresel ürünlerin üretildiği, kültürel dokunun korunduğu,
geleneksel yaşam biçiminin ön planda tutulduğu bir kalkınma modelinin
yaşatılması yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada, sahip olduğu farklı kültürel
değerleri, yaşam tarzı, ekonomik durumu ve coğrafi konumu ile Karaduvar’ın
Sakin Şehir modeline uygunluğunun değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda,
nitel araştırma deseninde kurgulanmış olan bu çalışmada, çalışma grubunu
Mersin'in Karaduvar mahallesinde yaşayan ve bölgeyi temsil edebilecek konumda
olan ve çeşitli kurum ve kuruluşlarda görev almış on katılımcı oluşturmuştur.
Odak grup yöntemiyle hem yüz yüze soru cevap tekniği uygulanmış hem de yarı
yapılandırılmış soru formları kullanılmış olup, Karaduvar’ın Sakin Şehir
ölçütlerine göre, SWOT analizi yapılarak güçlü ve zayıf yönleri tespit
edilmiştir. Buna göre, yöresel kültür ve yiyecekleriyle olumlu değerlere sahip
olmasına rağmen, doğal kaynakların tahrip edilmiş olması ve yakın çevrede çok
sayıda sanayi tesisinin bulunması gibi nedenlerle Karaduvar’ın bu modele uygun olmadığı
ortaya çıkmıştır.
Development of Real-Time Electromyography Controlled 3D Printed Robot Hand Prototype
Authors: Wahit Mohamad Aizat Abdul , Romzi Fatimahtul Zahrah , Ahmad Siti Anom , Marhaban Mohd Hamiruce , Chikamune Wada
Published: January 2020

Developing an anthropomorphic robotic hand (ARH) has become a relevant research field due to the need to help the amputees live their life as normal people. However, the current state of research is unsatisfactory, especially in terms of structural design and the robot control method. This paper, which proposes a 3D printed ARH structure that follows the average size of an adult human hand, consists of five fingers with a tendon-driven actuator mechanism embedded in each finger structure. Besides that, the movement capability of the developed 3D printed robot hand validated by using motion capture analysis to ensure the similarity to the expected motion range in structural design is achieved. Its system functionality test was conducted in three stages: (1) muscular activity detection, (2) object detection for individual finger movement control, and (3) integration of both stages in one algorithm. Finally, an ARH was developed, which resembles human hand features, as well as a reliable system that can perform opened hand palm and some grasping postures for daily use.
Time Dependent Live-bed Scour Around Circular Piers under Flood Waves
Authors: Gumgum Firat , Guney Mehmet Sukru
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study is to investigate live-bed scour under unsteady flow. During the experiments, 16 different triangular hydrographs were generated. Circular piers with three different diameters were tested under these hydrographs. Uniform bed material of 1.63 mm diameter was used during the experiments. The effects of the peak flow rate, the duration of hydrographs and the pier diameter on scour were interpreted. It was observed that the dominant element of the scour was the flow rate during the rising limb and the sediment transport rate during the falling limb. Maximum scour depths took place near the peak flow and lower final scour depths occurred at the end of the hydrograph. Two empirical equations were derived to predict time dependent scour depth and maximum scour depth. Statistically significant determination coefficient values and scatter indices were obtained.
Damage Zone Size Limit During the Crack Propagation
Authors: Hamli Benzahar Hamid , Chabaat Mohamed
Published: January 2020

The principal goal of this work is to limit the damage zone length during the crack propagation in brittle materials. This study is based on the determination of stress fields by varying the distance between a semi-infinite crack and a neighboring dislocation. The model suggested is a rectangular element (a dish), having a semi-infinite crack in one of its ends and a dislocation located in the vicinity of a crack-tip, subjected to a tensile stress on mode I. The problem is treated numerically using Finite Element Method.For each distance between the two cracks (semi-infinite crack and dislocation), stress fields are given. On the basis of these stress fields, a limiting damage zone length is obtained.
Gender disparity in nutritional status among under five children in Rajshahi city, Bangladesh
Authors: Yeasmin K , Islam KMS , Yeasmin T
Published: January 2020

Girls face discrimination from the moment of her birth. Different underlying factors are responsible for this disparity. Though in recent decades, there is a significant advance in gender disparity, it is still prevalent in different aspect of life throughout the world. Yet a wide level of disparity still exists, whether implicit or explicit, in nutrition and child cares both in the rural and urban areas. Thus, the aim of the study was to determine the gender disparity in nutritional status among under five children in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh. A community based multi-stage cross-sectional study were accomplished for collecting anthropometric and household socio-demographic data of under-five (36≤ age ≤59) children to assess gender disparity on nutritional status in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh. It was performed during the period March 2017 to September 2017. Simple random sampling was used to select children from households by applying multistage sampling technique. Data were analyzed using WHO anthro 2005 software (WHO, Geneva, Switzerland) and Statistical Package for Social Sciences IBM (SPSS) version 22.0. A value of p<0.05 was regarded as statistically significant in the analysis. Under five 371 girls with mean age 47.26 ± 8.33 months and 366 boys with mean age 48.28 ± 7.75 months were participated in this study. No failure in composite anthropometry/normal healthy boys and girls were found 46% and 36% respectively. The prevalence of moderate underweight, stunting and wasting among girls were 23.5%, 27.5% and 14.6% respectively, whereas, among boys 22.7%, 25.4% and 9.8% respectively. Deficiency of energy intake, insufficiency of macro and micro nutrients increase the chance of suffering protein-energy malnutrition, nutritional disorders among girls, compared to boys. Aggregating social development and intervention program of Government may help to reduce gender disparity and improve the nutritional status of overall all children.

J. bio-sci. 27: 1-10, 2019
Improved k-nearest neighbors approach for incomplete and contaminated gene expression datasets
Authors: Asifuzzaman MI , Akter H , Rashid MM , Mollah MNH , Islam SMS , Shahjaman M
Published: January 2020

With the rapid development of high-throughput DNA microarray technologies, researchers can measure expression profiles of thousands of genes simultaneously with low costs. These massive amounts of gene expression (GE) data often contain missing values or outliers due to various reasons of data generating process. Most of the statistical methods were developed based on complete dataset. As a result, for subsequent analysis using incomplete dataset, these methods strongly suffer and we cannot find our target. A numerous methods have been developed to impute missing values and they are available in the literature. Albeit, missing values imputation and outliers handling both are equally important for analyzing GE, most of the methods perform these tasks separately and produce misleading results. Therefore, in this paper, an attempt is made to develop a new hybrid approach which is robust against outliers and missing values, simultaneously. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed method in a comparison of popular missing value imputation method K-NN while performing feature selection using both simulated and real GE datasets. The Results obtain from simulated as well as real data studies show that the proposed method outperforms K-NN in presence of different percentages of missing values and outliers. On the other hand, in absence of outliers with missing values, the proposed method keeps equal performance with the other methods.

J. bio-sci. 27: 31-41, 2019
Antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of Tamarindus indica (Tamarind) seeds
Authors: Hasan MM , Rahman SA , Akhter MS
Published: January 2020

The crude ethanol and methanol extracts of Tamarindus indica seeds have been investigated to evaluate their antibacterial and cytotoxic potentialities. Extracts were screened for their antibacterial activity against both gram positive and negative bacteria primarily by disc diffusion method and then minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. Besides the cytotoxic activity were screened by using brine shrimp lethality bioassay. The average zone of inhibition for ethanol extract of seeds of tamarind was ranged from 7.5 - 13.5 mm for 500 μg/disc. And for methanol extract the zone of inhibition was ranged from 6.5 - 13.25 mm for 500 μg/disc. From MIC assay minimum inhibitory concentration was found 1.25 mg/ml for ethanol and 0.625 mg/ml for methanol extract. The minimum bactericidal concentration was found 2.5 mg/ml for ethanol and 1.25 mg/ml for methanol extract. Compared to vincristine sulfate (with LC50 of 0.99 μg/ml) both ethanol and methanol extract of T. indica seeds showed toxicity lower than 100 μg/ml and greater than 30 μg/ml. The study confirms greater antibacterial activity of T. indica seed extracts with moderate cytotoxic activity. This study thus demands isolation of active principles and thorough bioassays.

J. bio-sci. 27: 83-88, 2019
Growth pattern of freshwater bivalve mollusk Lamellidens marginalis (Lamarck, 1819) from the northwest Bangladesh
Authors: Nahar DA , Islam MR , Islam MS , Jasmine S , Mondol MMR
Published: January 2020

Growth, morphometry and length-weight relationships of the freshwater mussel Lamellidens marginalis (Lamarck, 1819) was studied during January 2014 and May 2015. Sampling was carried out monthly and a total of 560 specimens were collected from Rajshahi district, northwest of Bangladesh. The recorded length -breadth and length-width relationships were B = 0.179 + 0.475L and W = 0.196 + 0.3163L respectively. The length-total weight, length-wet tissue weight, length-dry tissue weight, length-shell weight, length-dry shell weight relationships were W = 0.1241L2.9066, W = 0.0524L2.7377, W =0.0116L2.7849, W = 0.0533L2.9178 and W = 0.0391L3.0386 respectively. Monthly b values of length-lengths and length-weights relationships indicated a negative allometric growth pattern except length-shell weights relationships which showed an isometric growth of the mussel. This study is the first report on growth pattern of Lamellidens marginalis from Bangladesh and the results would be useful for fishery managers to impose adequate regulations for a sustainable fishery management of this species in the freshwater ecosystem in Bangladesh.

J. bio-sci. 27: 121-132, 2019
Estimation of Idle Emissions from the On-Road Vehicles in Dhaka
Authors: Rana M. M. , Khan M. H. , Azad M. A. K. , Rahman S. , Kabir S. A.
Published: January 2020

Vehicle emission is a major source of air pollution in Dhaka. Old fleet, lack of maintenance, improper traffic and parking management, overloading, fuel adulteration etc. are responsible for high emissions from the vehicle sector. In this study, vehicle emissions have been measured on-road in Dhaka using an Automotive Gas Analyzer and Smoke Opacity Meter to determine the existing vehicle emission scenario in the city. Concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC) in the emissions from CNG/gasoline vehicles, and opacity of the emissions from diesel vehicles were measured. The results were compared with the corresponding national limit values. It was found that all types of CNG vehicles performed very well with more than 80% satisfying the corresponding limit values. Private cars ranked at the top in performance among the CNG/gasoline vehicles. Diesel vehicles were found as the worst polluters in the vehicle sector; emissions from about 75% of the diesel vehicles had opacity more than 65 HSU, the national limit value for emissions from diesel vehicles. Motor cycles were also highly polluting; 60% of the motor cycles emitted CO and HC concentrations higher than the respective national emission limit values.
Oxidative Stress in Fish: A Review
Authors: Chowdhury S. , Saikia S. K.
Published: January 2020

Apart from its beneficial properties of oxygen to cellular functions, it can cause some undesirable damages by the formation of ROS which can be neutralized by the formation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Like any other vertebrate, these damages can be seen in fish which are exposed to various oxidative stressors. In fish, it may be brought by a variety of chemicals (pesticides, insecticides etc.), or environmental factors (DO, pH, temperature, salinity, etc) affecting different biological processes in fish. The present review discusses some of such stressors and their effects on fish from a wide range of literature available across last four decades. The metabolic pathways involved in terms of energy homeostasis and ATP production during stress exposure in fish is a new addition here, and has been addressed to some extent in case of temperature and salinity stress.
Studying the Intensity and Storm Surge Phenomena of Tropical Cyclone Roanu (2016) over the Bay of Bengal Using NWP Model
Authors: Ali M. I. , Saifullah M. , Imran A. , Syed I. M. , Mallik M. A. K.
Published: January 2020

Tropical Cyclone (TC) is the most devastating atmospheric incidents which occur frequently in pre-monsoon and the post-monsoon season in Bangladesh. The Bay of Bengal (BoB) is one of the most vulnerable places of TC induced storm surge. The triangular shape of BoB plays an important role to drive the sea water towards the coast and amplify the surges. In this study, minimum central pressure, maximum wind speed and track of TC Roanu are predicted by the WRF model. At the same time, prediction of cyclone induced storm surge for TC Roanu is done by using MRI storm surge model which is conducted by JMA. The input files for this parametric model is provided by using simulated data of WRF model and observed data of IMD. The results are compared with available recorded data of surge height for this cyclone. The differences in simulated output for two different input files are also studied. The maximum surge height from the MRI model is found 3 m using WRF simulated data and for IMD estimated data the maximum surge height is found 2.5 m. The simulated surge heights are found in decent contract with the available reported data of the storm surges.
Structural and Mechanical Strength of Proton Radiation Processed Polyethylene Terephthalate
Authors: Sahoo M. , Mallick B. , Rout S. , Dash G. N.
Published: January 2020

The change in structural and mechanical behavior of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) due to 2.4 MeV proton has been studied. Radiation processing of PET polymer is carried out using different low doses such as 0.2, 2.0, and 20 kGy. The Physics of microstrain and radiation-induced mesophase formation are analysed. X-ray investigation indicates that  proton-induced structural modification takes place in the material. Apart from usual diffraction peaks, a low intensity broad peak is observed at small angle of about 2q =10º, when the fibre axis is mounted parallel to the X-ray direction. Such peak is absent in the diffraction spectrum when the fibre axis is mounted perpendicular to the beam direction. The appearance of the extra peak in a particular orientation confirms that, the phase is 2-dimensionally oriented (mesophase). The Young’s modulus (Y) of this irradiated PET sample is found to be more than that of the virgin sample with the highest value recorded for a dose of 2.0 kGy. The decrease in Y for higher dose (20 kGy) may be due to enhanced ion-induced microstrain in the sample, causing degradation in mechanical strength.
PENGARUH IKLAN DAN PROMOSI PENJUALAN DI TELEVISI TERHADAP BRAND AWARENESS BUKALAPAK PADA PENGUNJUNG KOTA KASABLANKA
Authors: Zulfikar Alvin , Subarsa Kinkin Yuliaty
Published: January 2020

Persaingan industri marketplace di Indonesia merupakan yang paling ketat se Asia Tenggara. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan banyaknya marketplace yang ada di Indonesia, baik buatan luar maupun dalam negeri. Untuk bisa memperoleh brand awareness dari masyarakat luas, perusahaan marketplace menerapkan berbagai macam strategi pemasaran. Salah satunya adalah pemasaran melalui media televisi. Dalam iklan televisi, terdapat isi iklan (X1) dan juga program promosi penjualan (X2) yang ditawarkan dan disajikan sebagai strategi untuk menciptakan brand awareness (Y) dibenak calon konsumen. Salah satunya adalah Bukalapak yang menerapkan pemasaran melalui iklan televisi. Dan Bukalapak merupakan marketplace dengan jumlah total belanja iklan paling tinggi diantara marketplace lainnya sejak tahun 2016 sampai 2018. Namun hasil yang didapat jika dilihat dari Top Brand Award Index Indonesia menunjukan bahwa Bukalapak masih belum mampu bersaing diurutan tiga besar dalam persaingan marketplace di Indonesia. Responden yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 30 orang dengan lokasi penelitian di Kota Kasablanka Jakarta. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan penyebaran kuisioner. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi linear berganda dengan program SPSS Version 23 for Mac. Setiap variabel yang diuji telah valid dan reliabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isi iklan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap brand awareness Bukalapak. Namun pada variabel promosi penjualan terdapat pengaruh yang tidak signifikan terhadap brand awareness dikarenakan ada beberpa dimensi dari promosi penjualan yang tidak diterapkan oleh Bukalapak dalam iklan Harbolnas Bukalapak. Untuk berada dalam persaigan tiga besar marketplace di Indonesia, Bukalapak harus tetap melakukan strategi pemasaran di televisi dengan mempertahankan isi iklan, dan juga meningkatkan penggunaan alat-alat dari promosi penjualan sehingga mampu mendapatkan hasil yang maksimal dan juga efektif.
MAKNA TELEVISI BAGI GENERASI Z
Authors: Pratama Deska Yoga , Iqbal Ilham Mohamad , Tarigan Nadiem Attar
Published: January 2020

Saat ini menonton televisi tidak menjadi pilihan utama bagi generasi saat ini. Di era globalilasi saat ini banya sekali media yang dipilih selain televisi. Penggunaan Televisi berbeda-beda disetiap khalayak masyarakat Beberapa orang mejadikan televisi sebagai sarana informasi, ada pulayang mejadikan televisi sebagai sarana hiburan saja . Ini memungkinkan generasi saat menggunakan televisi sebagaisarana yang mudah sesuai dengan ketertarkkannya.Televisi dapat menimbulkan berbagai dampak bagi para pemirsanya, terutama kaum generasi saat ini. Baik itu berupa dampak positif maupun dampak negatif melalui televisi, dapat menyaksikan semua tayangan yang mereka inginkan mulai dari tayangan yang layak untuk mereka konsumsi hingga tayangan yang belum sepantasnya mereka konsumsi. Pada saat ini banyak stasiun televisi yang menayangkan berbagai macam program acara yang bisa kita saksikan selama 24 jam.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan makna televisi dikalangan generasi Z. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan di penelitian ini, ada wawancara, setelah wawancara dilaksanakan, data ditulis dalam transkrip yang telah kami transkip sebelumnya. Hasil dari Selective Coding yaitu Menonton televisi, Pilihan tayangan dan Kebebasan mengendalikan remote.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa televisi bukan menjadi pilihan utama bagi kalangan milenial untuk mendapatkan infomasi ataupun hiburan, dan remaja lebih suka sesuatu hal yang praktis dan mudah diakses seperti internet.
Din Eğitiminde Neo-Hümanist Bir İdeal: Bildung Modeli ve Almanya’da Din Eğitimi Anlayışına Etkileri
Authors: Gürel Ramazan
Published: January 2020

Ülkelerin din eğitimine yönelik bakış açıları ve politikalarının belirlenmesinde, çağdaş gelişmelere uyum sağlayabilme çabaları yanında sahip oldukları geleneksel bilgi birikimi, kültürel değerler, eğitimle ilgili tartışmaların tarihi arka planı gibi belirleyici birtakım unsurların etkisi yadsınamaz. Tarihin farklı dönemlerinde olduğu gibi günümüzde de Almanya, eğitim ve din eğitimi konusunda tartışmaların güncelliğini koruduğu en önemli ülkelerden birisidir. Alman eğitim felsefesi ve anlayışının karakteristik özelliklerinin ana hatları, Bildung adı verilen Hristiyan teolojisi ve hümanist anlayışı temsil eden bir ideal ışığında belirlenmiştir. Özellikle Romantizm felsefesinin ortaya koyduğu bir kavram olan Bildung, günümüz Almanya’sında eğitime dair bütün uygulamaların yanında din eğitimi düşüncesinin şekillenmesinden müfredatının tespitine kadar geniş çaplı bir etki yaratmıştır. Ortaçağ’da hâkim olan kilisenin insanın eğitimi ile ilgili baskıcı ve dogmatik düşünce yapısının dışına çıkmayı öngören Bildung ideali, bireyin bütün potansiyellerini harekete geçirmeyi vadeden bir yaklaşımı temsil etmektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında öncelikle Bildung kelimesinin kavramsal çerçevesi üzerinde durulacak, ardından Bildung kavramının bir eğitim idealine nasıl dönüştüğü, bu sürece hangi isimlerin katkı yaptığı kronolojik olarak sunulacaktır. Makalenin ağırlıklı olarak üzerinde duracağı konu ise Bildung kavramının Almanya’da din eğitimine etkileri olacaktır. Literatür incelemesi yöntemine dayalı olarak gerçekleştirilen bu çalışma sonucunda, Bildung idealinin Alman din eğitimi anlayışının inşasında Hristiyan teolojisi ve hümanist düşüncenin yansımaları açısından merkezi bir konumda bulunduğu gerçeği ortaya konulmaya çalışılacaktır.
Sadreddin-i Konevî’de Yetkinlik Kavramı ve İnsanın Yetkinliği
Authors: Altun Veysel Karani
Published: January 2020

13. asırda yaşamış, vahdet-i vücud düşüncesinin İbnü’l-Arabi’den sonraki en önemli temsilcisi olarak görülen, fikirleriyle düşünce sistemimize büyük katkılar sunan Sadreddin-i Konevî’nin, insanın yetkinleşmesi konusunda ileri sürdüğü fikirler kayda değerdir. Bu bağlamda Konevî, eserlerinde insanı konu edinmiş ve insanın yetkin bir varlık olarak, varlık âleminde nasıl bir rol aldığını açıklamıştır. Bu düşüncelerden hareketle çalışmamızda Sadreddin-i Konevî’de insanın yetkinliği konusu Din Eğitimi açısından ele alınmaktadır. Konevî’nin düşüncelerinden faydalanarak insanı anlamak, bugünümüzün insanını daha iyi tanımlamak için önemli bir husustur. Konevî’nin insan hakkındaki görüşlerinden yola çıkarak insanın nasıl kemâle ulaşacağını, kâmil insan olmak için potansiyelinin farkına nasıl varacağı ve yetkinliğin insan için ne anlam ifade ettiği konuları açıkça ortaya konulabilecektir. Bu anlamda çalışmamızda insanın yetkin olarak sayılmasının şartlarının ne olduğu ve insanlığın anlam dünyasında yetkinlik meselesinin ne anlam ifade ettiği ortaya konmaya çalışılmaktadır. İnsanı tanımaya çalışırken aynı zamanda yaratılış gayesi ve nihayetinde sahip olduğu yetkinliklerle yaşayacağı hayatı nasıl şekillendirebileceği konusunda kişinin kendisine bir perspektif sunabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Molla Câmî’nin Î’tikâd-Nâme’sinin Ulûhiyet Bahsi Üzerine İnceleme
Authors: Ahmedoğlu Seyid Arif , Altıntaş Ramazan
Published: January 2020

İslam düşünce tarihinin gelişim sürecine bakıldığında ana renklerden birisini inanç konusunun oluşturduğu görülmektedir. Ulûhiyet ise, kendi kapsamında birçok ayrıntıyı barındıran bu konunun en önemli bahislerinden birini oluşturmaktadır. Zira ulûhiyet, Müslüman toplumların dinî hayatında merkezi konumunu her zaman korumuştur. Öyle ki, bu konunun daha iyi anlaşılması ve kalıcılığının sağlanması için birçok anlatım tarzı ve edebî yöntem uygulanmıştır. Bu yönüyle ulûhiyet konusunun, İslam toplumlarının edebiyat, kültür ve sanat dünyalarında önemli bir yer tuttuğu görülür. Özellikle tevhit, münacat, esma-i hüsna ve mesnevi gibi çeşitli edebi türler, bu bağlamdaki konuların topluma aktarılmasında daha etkin ve kalıcı bir yol olarak tercih edilmiştir. İslamî Fars edebiyatının simge isimlerinden Abdurrahman Câmî (1414-1492) de, gerek nesir ve gerekse nazım türü eserleriyle bu alana ayrı bir katkı sunmuştur. Onun mesnevi tarzında kaleme aldığı; ulûhiyet, nübüvvet ve ahiret gibi ana bölümlere ayırabileceğimiz Î’tikâd-nâme adlı manzumesinin sadece ulûhiyet bahsi makalemizin konusunu oluşturacaktır. Eserin bazı yerlerinde Ehl-i Sünnet akidesinin Eş’arî çizgisine yapılan vurgular ön plana çıksa da; eser, Sünni akidenin genel hatlarının manzum sunumu olması bakımından ayrı bir önemi haizdir.
Arap Şiiri Ansiklopedisi Programı (el-Mevsûʻatu’ş-Şiʻriyye)
Authors: Ekinci İsmail
Published: January 2020

Şiir insanın muhatap aldığı kişi veya topluluğa karşı duygularını en etkili bir biçimde aktardığı, yaygın bir şekilde kullanılan edebi bir türdür. Bütün dillerde ve kültürlerde bir edebi sanat olarak yer alan şiir Arap toplumu ve Arapça dili için de önemli bir unsurdur. İslam öncesi Cahiliye döneminden günümüze kadar bu önemini devam ettirmiştir. Binlerce Arapça divan kaleme alınmış, bu divanların bir kısmı incelenmiştir, bir kısmı ise incelenmek üzere araştırılmayı beklemektedir. Teknolojik gelişmeler ışığında, kitap yapraklarında araştırılmayı bekleyen binlerce şiir dijital ortamlara aktarılmaya başlanmıştır. Binlerce şairin divanının yer aldığı dijital programlardan birisi de el-Mevsûʻatu’ş-Şiʻriyye isimli programdır. Bu programda İslam öncesi dönemden günümüze kadar yaşamış 2.300 şairin divanı yer almaktadır. Programda divanlar şairlerin yaşadığı dönemlere ve ülkelere göre tasnif edilmiştir. Program sade ve kullanışlı bir ara yüze sahiptir. Program dili Arapçadır ve menü sayısı oldukça azdır. Bu özelliği ile programın kullanımı oldukça basittir. Bu çalışmada el-Mevsûʻatu’ş-Şiʻriyye isimli programın kurulumu ve kullanımı resimlerle birlikte anlatılmıştır. Ayrıca programın içeriği detaylı bir şekilde verilmiştir.