bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pannexin 1 targets mitophagy to mediate renal ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Su Lianjiu , Zhang Jiahao , Wang Jing , Wang Xiaozhan , Cao Edward , Yang Chen , Sun Qihao , Sivakumar Ramadoss , Peng Zhiyong
Published: August 2023

Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury contributes to the development of acute kidney injury (AKI). Kidney is the second organ rich in mitochondrial content next to the heart. Mitochondrial damage substantially contributes for AKI development. Mitophagy eliminates damaged mitochondria from the cells to maintain a healthy mitochondrial population, which plays an important role in AKI. Pannexin 1 (PANX1) channel transmembrane proteins are known to drive inflammation and release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during I/R injury. However, the specific role of PANX1 on mitophagy regulation in renal I/R injury remains elusive. In this study, we find that serum level of PANX1 is elevated in patients who developed AKI after cardiac surgery, and the level of PANX1 is positively correlated with serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels. Using the mouse model of renal I/R injury in vivo and cell-based hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model in vitro, we prove that genetic deletion of PANX1 mitigate the kidney tubular cell death, oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage after I/R injury through enhanced mitophagy. Mechanistically, PANX1 disrupts mitophagy by influencing ATP-P2Y-mTOR signal pathway. These observations provide evidence that PANX1 could be a potential biomarker for AKI and a therapeutic target to alleviate AKI caused by I/R injury.
Selective enrichment of plasma cell-free messenger RNA in cancer-associated extracellular vesicles
Authors: Kim Hyun Ji , Rames Matthew J. , Goncalves Florian , Kirschbaum C. Ward , Roskams-Hieter Breeshey , Spiliotopoulos Elias , Briand Josephine , Doe Aaron , Estabrook Joseph , Wagner Josiah T. , Demir Emek , Mills Gordon , Ngo Thuy T. M.
Published: August 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown as key mediators of extracellular small RNA transport. However, carriers of cell-free messenger RNA (cf-mRNA) in human biofluids and their association with cancer remain poorly understood. Here, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of size-fractionated plasma from lung cancer, liver cancer, multiple myeloma, and healthy donors. Morphology and size distribution analysis showed the successful separation of large and medium particles from other soluble plasma protein fractions. We developed a strategy to purify and sequence ultra-low amounts of cf-mRNA from particle and protein enriched subpopulations with the implementation of RNA spike-ins to control for technical variability and to normalize for intrinsic drastic differences in cf-mRNA amount carried in each plasma fraction. We found that the majority of cf-mRNA was enriched and protected in EVs with remarkable stability in RNase-rich environments. We observed specific enrichment patterns of cancer-associated cf-mRNA in each particle and protein enriched subpopulation. The EV-enriched differentiating genes were associated with specific biological pathways, such as immune systems, liver function, and toxic substance regulation in lung cancer, liver cancer, and multiple myeloma, respectively. Our results suggest that dissecting the complexity of EV subpopulations illuminates their biological significance and offers a promising liquid biopsy approach.
Reduced ADP off-rate by the yeast CCT2 double mutation T394P/R510H which causes Leber congenital amaurosis in humans
Authors: Roy Mousam , Fleisher Rachel C. , Alexandrov Alexander I. , Horovitz Amnon
Published: August 2023

The CCT/TRiC chaperonin is found in the cytosol of all eukaryotic cells and assists protein folding in an ATP-dependent manner. The heterozygous double mutation T400P and R516H in subunit CCT2 is known to cause Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), a hereditary congenital retinopathy. This double mutation also renders the function of subunit CCT2, when it is outside of the CCT/TRiC complex, to be defective in promoting autophagy. Here, we show using steady-state and transient kinetic analysis that the corresponding double mutation in subunit CCT2 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae reduces the off-rate of ADP during ATP hydrolysis by CCT/TRiC. We also report that the ATPase activity of CCT/TRiC is stimulated by a non-folded substrate. Our results suggest that the closed state of CCT/TRiC is stabilized by the double mutation owing to the slower off-rate of ADP, thereby impeding the exit of CCT2 from the complex that is required for its function in autophagy.
A G1528C Hadha knock-in mouse model recapitulates aspects of human clinical phenotypes for long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency
Authors: Gaston Garen , Babcock Shannon , Ryals Renee , Elizondo Gabriela , DeVine Tiffany , Wafai Dahlia , Packwood William , Holden Sarah , Raber Jacob , Lindner Jonathan R. , Pennesi Mark E. , Harding Cary O. , Gillingham Melanie B.
Published: August 2023

Long chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (LCHADD) is a fatty acid oxidation disorder (FAOD) caused by a pathogenic variant, c.1528 G > C, in HADHA encoding the alpha subunit of trifunctional protein (TFPα). Individuals with LCHADD develop chorioretinopathy and peripheral neuropathy not observed in other FAODs in addition to the more ubiquitous symptoms of hypoketotic hypoglycemia, rhabdomyolysis and cardiomyopathy. We report a CRISPR/Cas9 generated knock-in murine model of G1528C in Hadha that recapitulates aspects of the human LCHADD phenotype. Homozygous pups are less numerous than expected from Mendelian probability, but survivors exhibit similar viability with wildtype (WT) littermates. Tissues of LCHADD homozygotes express TFPα protein, but LCHADD mice oxidize less fat and accumulate plasma 3-hydroxyacylcarnitines compared to WT mice. LCHADD mice exhibit lower ketones with fasting, exhaust earlier during treadmill exercise and develop a dilated cardiomyopathy compared to WT mice. In addition, LCHADD mice exhibit decreased visual performance, decreased cone function, and disruption of retinal pigment epithelium. Neurological function is affected, with impaired motor function during wire hang test and reduced open field activity. The G1528C knock-in mouse exhibits a phenotype similar to that observed in human patients; this model will be useful to explore pathophysiology and treatments for LCHADD in the future.
Atomistic modeling of liquid-liquid phase equilibrium explains dependence of critical temperature on γ-crystallin sequence
Authors: Qin Sanbo , Zhou Huan-Xiang
Published: August 2023

Liquid-liquid phase separation of protein solutions has regained heightened attention for its biological importance and pathogenic relevance. Coarse-grained models are limited when explaining residue-level effects on phase equilibrium. Here we report phase diagrams for γ-crystallins using atomistic modeling. The calculations were made possible by combining our FMAP method for computing chemical potentials and Brownian dynamics simulations for configurational sampling of dense protein solutions, yielding the binodal and critic temperature (Tc). We obtain a higher Tc for a known high-Tc γ-crystallin, γF, than for a low-Tc paralog, γB. The difference in Tc is corroborated by a gap in second virial coefficient. Decomposition of inter-protein interactions reveals one amino-acid substitution between γB and γF, from Ser to Trp at position 130, as the major contributor to the difference in Tc. This type of analysis enables us to link phase equilibrium to amino-acid sequence and to design mutations for altering phase equilibrium.
Field-tuned quantum renormalization of spin dynamics in the honeycomb lattice Heisenberg antiferromagnet YbCl3
Authors: Sala Gabriele , Stone Matthew B. , Halász Gábor B. , Lumsden Mark D. , May Andrew F. , Pajerowski Daniel M. , Ohira-Kawamura Seiko , Kaneko Koji , Mazzone Daniel G. , Simutis Gediminas , Lass Jakob , Kato Yasuyuki , Do Seung-Hwan , Lin Jiao Y. Y. , Christianson Andrew D.
Published: August 2023

The basis for our understanding of quantum magnetism has been the study of elegantly simple model systems. However, even for the antiferromagnetic honeycomb lattice with isotropic spin interactions–one of the simplest model systems–a detailed understanding of quantum effects is still lacking. Here, using inelastic neutron scattering measurements of the honeycomb lattice material YbCl3, we elucidate how quantum effects renormalize the single-magnon and multimagnon excitations and how this renormalization can be tuned and ultimately driven to the classical limit by applying a magnetic field. Additionally, our work reveals that the quantum effects tuned by the magnetic field not only renormalize the magnetic excitations but also induce a distinctive sharp feature inside the multimagnon continuum. From a more general perspective, this result demonstrates that structures within magnetic continua can occur over a wide experimental parameter space and can be used as a reliable means of identifying quantum phenomena.
Highly sensitive surface acoustic wave biosensor for the detection of Hg2+ based on the thymine–Hg2+–thymine structure
Authors: Sun Huimin , Yang Chunzhen , Wang Hong
Published: August 2023

A surface acoustic wave biosensor for the detection of Hg2+ with high sensitivity and selectivity is developed.
Preclinical in vivo assessment of a cell-free multi-layered scaffold prepared by 3D printing and electrospinning for small-diameter blood vessel tissue engineering in a canine model
Authors: Atari Mehdi , Saroukhani Abbas , Manshaei Maziar , Bateni Peiman , Zargar kharazi Anousheh , Vatankhah Elham , Haghjooy Javanmard Shaghayegh
Published: August 2023

A multi-layered small-diameter vascular graft, prepared by 3D printing and electrospinning, was successfully implanted into a canine's femoral artery for 6 months.
Thinking outside the CaaX-box: an unusual reversible prenylation on ALDH9A1
Authors: Suazo Kiall F. , Bělíček Jakub , Schey Garrett L. , Auger Shelby A. , Petre Alexandru M. , Li Ling , Błażewska Katarzyna M. , Kopečný David , Distefano Mark D.
Published: August 2023

Protein prenylation typically involves linkage of the lipid via a thioether bond. Here we report the discovery of prenoylation, a thioester-linked modification. In the case of ALDH9A1, this modification may serve an important regulatory function.
Converting a cysteine-rich natively noncatalytic protein to an artificial hydrogenase
Authors: Malayam Parambath Sreya , Prakash Divyansh , Swetman Windfield , Surakanti Aditya , Chakraborty Saumen
Published: August 2023

An artificial hydrogenase is constructed when the natively noncatalytic α-domain of the Cys-rich protein metallothionein (MT) is assembled with NiII.
The role of dimensionality and direction of hydrogen-bonded networks in the mechanical flexibility of organic crystals
Authors: Saha Binoy K. , Das Sunirban , Veluthaparambath Ragima V. P.
Published: August 2023

The role of directionality and dimensionality of hydrogen-bonded synthons in the flexibility of organic crystals has been discussed.
Electron ionization induced fragmentation pathways of trichloroanisole
Authors: Mendes Mónica , Bou-Debes Daniel , Eden Samuel , Bundaleski Nenad , Teodoro Orlando M. N. D. , Cornetta Lucas M. , Ferreira da Silva Filipe
Published: August 2023

This work probes electron-driven ionization of TCA. New fragment ions are identified by mass spectrometry and experimental appearance energies show excellent agreement with calculated threshold energies for the most significant pathways.
TEMPO and a co-reductant mediated aerobic epoxidation of olefins using a new magnetically recoverable iron(iii) bis(phenol)diamine complex: experimental and computational studies
Authors: Mohammadpour Pegah , Safaei Elham , Mazarei Elham , Zeinalipour-Yazdi Constantinos D.
Published: August 2023

A magnetically recoverable catalyst of an iron(iii) bis(phenol) diamine complex immobilized onto amine functionalized silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles has been synthesized.
Mono-phosphorylation at Ser4 of barrier-to-autointegration factor (Banf1) significantly reduces its DNA binding capability by inducing critical changes in its local conformation and DNA binding surface
Authors: Tang Ming , Suraweera Amila , Nie Xuqiang , Li Zilin , Lai Pinglin , Wells James W. , O’Byrne Kenneth J. , Woods Robert J , Bolderson Emma , Richard Derek J
Published: August 2023

Mono-phosphorylation of Banf1 inhibits its bending to DNA by inducing steric clashes and unfavourable interactions.
The structural and hydrogen bonding properties of ionic liquid–co-solvent binary mixtures: the distinct behaviors of two anions
Authors: Zhao Rui , Xu Xianzhen , Wang Zonghua , Zheng Yanzhen , Zhou Yu
Published: August 2023

The changes in hydrogen bonding interactions associated with C4,5–H are reversed in the EMIMSCN–co-solvent and EMIMTFSI–co-solvent systems.
Complex coupling between surface charge and thermo-osmotic phenomena
Authors: Ouadfel Mehdi , De San Féliciano Michael , Herrero Cecilia , Merabia Samy , Joly Laurent
Published: August 2023

Surface charge has a large and complex impact on interfacial enthalpy excess and liquid–solid slip, with important consequences for thermo-osmotic phenomena, which can be used to harvest waste heat.
A polarization-dependent perfect absorber with high Q-factors enabled by Tamm phonon polaritons in hyperbolic materials
Authors: Song Didi , Wu Biyuan , Liu Yufang , Wu Xiaohu , Yu Kun
Published: August 2023

We design a polarization-dependent perfect absorber with high Q-factors enabled by Tamm phonon polaritons in hyperbolic materials.
Prospects of spectroscopic neutron imaging: optimizing experimental setups in battery electrolyte research
Authors: Carreón Ruiz E. Ricardo , Stalder Natalie , Lee Jongmin , Gubler Lorenz , Boillat Pierre
Published: August 2023

Spectral neutron imaging methods provide valuable insights into the characterization of hydrogenous materials, including battery electrolytes.
Engineering topological states in a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice
Authors: Zhang Yaling , Zhang Jingjing , Yang Wenjia , Zhang Huisheng , Jia Jianfeng
Published: August 2023

Illustrations of the topologically trivial to nontrivial transitions by removing the Dirac bands in the same spin channel (left panel) and by separating two different spin channels from each other (right panel).
Conditions to meet for the [CuOH]+ site to be favorable and reactive toward the conversion of methane to methanol over Cu-MOR zeolite
Authors: Mahyuddin Muhammad Haris , Lasiman Elbert Timothy , Saputro Adhitya Gandaryus , Casuarina Suci Valerie , Nugraha  , Dipojono Hermawan Kresno
Published: August 2023

The CuOH site in MOR zeolite is CH4-reactive when hosted on specific Al sites with the C–H bond activation mechanism being dependent on the CuOH orientation and able to form CH3OH when the Cu2+ inactive site coexists.
Metric geometry tools for automatic structure phase map generation
Authors: Vaddi Kiran , Li Karen , Pozzo Lilo D.
Published: August 2023

We present an automated method to extract phase maps from experimental data that is of the functional form (e.g.: spectroscopy, scattering, diffraction) using the notion of shape distance between two curves represented as one dimensional functions.
Enhancing C≥2 product selectivity in electrochemical CO2 reduction by controlling the microstructure of gas diffusion electrodes
Authors: Bernasconi Francesco , Senocrate Alessandro , Kraus Peter , Battaglia Corsin
Published: August 2023

Cu gas diffusion electrodes based on hydrophobic polymer substrates show an enhanced selectivity towards C2H4 and C≥2 products during the electrochemical reduction of CO2 upon decreasing substrate pore size.
Simultaneous production of proteases and antioxidant biopeptides by solid-state fermentation
Authors: Colla Luciane Maria , Reinehr Christian Oliveira , Manfredini Paola Gouvêa , Farina Cavanhi Vítor Augusto , Vieira Costa Jorge Alberto
Published: August 2023

We showed the concomitant production of proteases and biopeptides in SSF by A. niger for performing the valuation of agro-food residues.
Low-carbohydrate diet and risk of cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Qin Pei , Suo Xiangying , Chen Shanquan , Huang Cuihong , Wen Wanyi , Lin Xiaoyan , Hu Dongsheng , Bo Yacong
Published: August 2023

LCDs were associated with 43% risk of CHD, which suggests that vigilance is necessary for long-term adherence to such dietary pattern.
High spatial resolution (10–50 μm) analysis of Sr isotopes in rock-forming apatite by LA-MC-ICP-MS
Authors: Buzenchi Anda , Moreira Hugo , Bruguier Olivier , Bosch Delphine , Dhuime Bruno
Published: August 2023

This study presents a new routine procedure for LA-MC-ICPMS analyses of Sr isotopes in apatite with ablation spot sizes down to 10 × 10 μm.
Advances in miniaturized nanosensing platforms for analysis of pathogenic bacteria and viruses
Authors: Zeid Abdallah M. , Mostafa Islam M. , Lou Baohua , Xu Guobao
Published: August 2023

Integration of smart miniaturized nanosensors with artificial intelligence results in precise detection of pathogenic bacteria or viruses in biological samples.
Fast synthesis of [1,2,3]-triazole derivatives on a Fe/Cu-embedded nano-catalytic substrate
Authors: Khaleghi Nima , Mojtabapour Zahrasadat , Rashvandi Zahra , Mohammadi Adibeh , Forouzandeh-Malati Mohadeseh , Ganjali Fatemeh , Zarei-Shokat Simindokht , Kashtiaray Amir , Taheri-Ledari Reza , Maleki Ali
Published: August 2023

Synthesis of [1,2,3]-triazole derivative by using a novel green magnetic nanocatalyst based on hydrophilic natural polymer Arabic gum and copper ions.
A photo-responsive micro/nanomembrane for smart separation and self-cleaning
Authors: Li Zhengtao , Tio Wee , Yang Jia-Cheng E. , Sun Darren D.
Published: August 2023

Photo-stimulated switchable hydrophilicity/hydrophilicity of a ZnO nanorod modified PSF membrane for water delivery and purification.
Electrochemically-gated graphene broadband microwave waveguides for ultrasensitive biosensing
Authors: Gubeljak Patrik , Xu Tianhui , Pedrazzetti Lorenzo , Burton Oliver J. , Magagnin Luca , Hofmann Stephan , Malliaras George G. , Lombardo Antonio
Published: August 2023

The combination of wave propagation and chemical field effect in graphene waveguides offer a new approach for identification of non-amplified DNA sequences and single-base mutations.
Enhanced performance of perovskite solar cells via a bilateral electron-donating passivator as a molecule bridge
Authors: Pan Weichun , Chen Pengxu , Zhu Sijia , He Ruowei , Zheng Qingshui , Cao Fengxian , Lan Zhang , Wu Jihuai , Sun Weihai , Li Yunlong
Published: August 2023

Benefiting from the successful introduction of 6-amino-1-hexanol (HAL), the HAL-modified perovskite solar cell achieves an optimal efficiency of 23.58%.
Asymmetric hydrogenation of all-carbon tetrasubstituted α-acylpyrazole-β-alkyl cycloalkenes
Authors: Zhang Minjie , Cui Peng , Zhang Kai , Shi Zhen , Cheng Xu , Ji Xiang , Song Hao , Ke Bowen , Qin Yong
Published: August 2023

A general method for Ir-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of tetrasubstituted α-acylpyrazole-β-alkyl cycloalkenes has been developed, furnishing 1,2-cis substituted carbo- or heterocycles with high yields and excellent enantioselectivities.
Dual-mode luminescence anti-counterfeiting and white light emission of NaGdF4:Ce,Eu,Tb/carbon dot hydrophilic nanocomposite ink
Authors: Liang Jie , Fan Ting , Lü Jian-tao , Guan Tianjie , Deng Ting-ting , Xiong Bangyun
Published: August 2023

The NaGdF4:Ce, Eu, Tb/carbon dots hydrophilic nanocomposite inks with small size, good water solubility, monodispersity, dual mode luminescence and white light (CIE = 0.32, 0.32) emission properties were prepared by simple wet chemical method.
Applying biomarkers as paleoenvironmental indicators to reveal the organic matter enrichment of shale during deep energy exploration: a review
Authors: Ogbesejana Abiodun Busuyi , Liu Bo , Gao Shuo , Akinyemi Segun Ajayi , Bello Oluwasesan Michael , Song Yu
Published: August 2023

This review shows that biomarkers could be used to establish the sedimentary depositional environments, redox conditions, and organic matter enrichments of shales that are critical to the deep energy exploitation.
Ruthenium complexes of 1,4-diazabutadiene ligands with a cis-RuCl2 moiety for catalytic acceptorless dehydrogenation of alcohols: DFT evidence of chemically non-innocent ligand participation
Authors: Mukherjee Aparajita , Datta Sayanti , Richmond Michael G. , Bhattacharya Samaresh
Published: August 2023

A family of diazabutadiene bound ruthenium compounds bearing a RuCl2 moiety has been synthesized, and catalytic efficiency of their cis-isomer for the coupling of primary alcohols to esters has been studied.
A comprehensive review on production of bio-surfactants by bio-degradation of waste carbohydrate feedstocks: an approach towards sustainable development
Authors: Begum Wasefa , Saha Bidyut , Mandal Ujjwal
Published: August 2023

Bio-surfactants are produced by hydrocarbon degradation by hydrocarbonoclastic microorganisms during their own growth on agro-industrial carbohydrate wastes. The production rate is influenced by the rate of degradation of carbohydrates.
A novel model for biofilm initiation in porous media flow
Authors: Lohrmann Christoph , Holm Christian
Published: August 2023

A new model enables the simulation of biofilm formation in complex media with external flow from a single cell.
High-performance Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite oxide with in situ exsolved nanoparticles for direct CO2 electrolysis
Authors: Park Ka-Young , Lee Taehee , Wang Wanhua , Li Haixia , Chen Fanglin
Published: August 2023

Phase-transformed RP-PSMF with exsolved Fe nanoparticles enhanced both CO2RR performance and long-term stability for high-temperature direct CO2 electrolysis cells.
Recent strategies of carbon dot-based nanodrugs for enhanced emerging antitumor modalities
Authors: Chu Xu , Duan Mengdie , Hou Huaying , Zhang Yujuan , Liu Pai , Chen Hongli , Liu Yi , Li Shu-Lan
Published: August 2023

A comprehensive review of specific measures to improve the anti-tumor effects of carbon dot-based nanodrugs.
Conductive hydrogels with core–shell structures to realize super-stretchable, highly sensitive, anti-dehydrating, non-freezing and self-adhesive capabilities
Authors: Wang Wentang , Deng Xinyue , Lu Jinlong , Luo Chunhui
Published: August 2023

The hydrophobic layer endowed excellent anti-drying capability (84 ± 0.45%weight retention after 7 days). The hydrogel was also ultra stretchable (strain = 5200%), self-adhesive, highly sensitive (GF = 6.41), and anti-freezing (−20 °C).
3D hierarchical networks constructed from interlayer-expanded MoS2 nanotubes and rGO as high-rate and ultra-stable anodes for lithium/sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Ye Bingqing , Cui Zhou , Yang Zunxian , Wu Wenbo , Ye Yuliang , Shen Zihong , Zhou Yuanqing , Huang Qiaocan , Ye Songwei , Cheng Zhiming , Hong Hongyi , Meng Zongyi , Zeng Zhiwei , Lan Qianting , Wang Jiaxiang , Chen Ye , Zhang Hui , Guo Tailiang , Ye Yun , Sa Baisheng , Weng Zhenzhen , Chen Yongyi
Published: August 2023

The MoS2 nanotubes assembled from MoS2 nanosheets are wrapped in rGO. The NC-MoS2@rGO is endowed with ultrahigh capacity, high cycle stability and rate capability. Addition of graphene has a positive effect on battery performance by DFT calculation.
How many kinases are druggable? A review of our current understanding
Authors: Anderson Brian , Rosston Peter , Ong Han Wee , Hossain Mohammad Anwar , Davis-Gilbert Zachary W. , Drewry David H.
Published: August 2023

There are over 500 human kinases ranging from very well-studied to almost completely ignored. Kinases are tractable and implicated in many diseases, making them ideal targets for medicinal chemistry campaigns, but is it possible to discover a drug for each individual kinase? For every human kinase, we gathered data on their citation count, availability of chemical probes, approved and investigational drugs, PDB structures, and biochemical and cellular assays. Analysis of these factors highlights which kinase groups have a wealth of information available, and which groups still have room for progress. The data suggest a disproportionate focus on the more well characterized kinases while much of the kinome remains comparatively understudied. It is noteworthy that tool compounds for understudied kinases have already been developed, and there is still untapped potential for further development in this chemical space. Finally, this review discusses many of the different strategies employed to generate selectivity between kinases. Given the large volume of information available and the progress made over the past 20 years when it comes to drugging kinases, we believe it is possible to develop a tool compound for every human kinase. We hope this review will prove to be both a useful resource as well as inspire the discovery of a tool for every kinase.
Neural Correlates of Morphosyntactic Processing in Spanish–English Bilingual Children: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Baron Alisa , Wagley Neelima , Hu Xiaosu , Kovelman Ioulia
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of early bilingual exposure on Spanish–English bilingual children's neural organization of English morphosyntactic structures. This study examines how children's age and language experiences are related to morphosyntactic processing at the neural level.

Method:

Eighty-one children (ages 6–11 years) completed an auditory sentence judgment task during functional near-infrared spectroscopy neuroimaging. The measure tapped into children's processing of early-acquired (present progressive –ing) and later-acquired (past tense –edand third-person singular –s) English morphosyntactic structures, the primary language of academic instruction.

Results:

We observed effects of syntactic structure and age. Early-acquired morphemic structures elicited activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus, while the later-acquired structures elicited additional activations in the left middle temporal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus (STG). Younger children had a more distributed neural response, whereas older children had a more focal neural response. Finally, there was a trending association between children's English language use and left STG activation for later-acquired structures.

Conclusion:

The findings inform theories of language and brain development by highlighting the mechanisms by which age and language experiences influence bilingual children's neural architecture for morphosyntactic processing.
A latent topic‐aware network for dense video captioning
Authors: Xu Tao , Cui Yuanyuan , He Xinyu , Liu Caihua
Published: August 2023

Multiple events in a long untrimmed video possess the characteristics of similarity and continuity. These characteristics can be considered as a kind of topic semantic information, which probably behaves as same sports, similar scenes, same objects etc. Inspired by this, a novel latent topic‐aware network (LTNet) is proposed in this article. The LTNet explores potential themes within videos and generates more continuous captions. Firstly, a global visual topic finder is employed to detect the similarity among events and obtain latent topic‐level features. Secondly, a latent topic‐oriented relation learner is designed to further enhance the topic‐level representations by capturing the relationship between each event and the video themes. Benefiting from the finder and the learner, the caption generator is capable of predicting more accurate and coherent descriptions. The effectiveness of our proposed method is demonstrated on ActivityNet Captions and YouCook2 datasets, where LTNet shows a relative performance of over 3.03% and 0.50% in CIDEr score respectively.
Cross‐domain extendable gesture recognition system using WiFi signals
Authors: Qin Yuxi , Pan Su , Li Zibo
Published: August 2023

This letter proposes a cross‐domain WiFi‐based gesture recognition system (WiCross) based on a dynamically weighted multi‐label generative adversarial network. Most existing WiFi‐based gesture recognition systems are user, orientation, and environment sensitive, which limits the application of WiFi sensing. Compared with the influence of users and environments on WiFi sensing systems, the influence of orientation on WiFi sensing systems is more difficult to remove. To alleviate the confusion caused by the orientation more effectively, we arrange the transmitting and receiving antennas according to the characteristics of the Fresnel region. It is proposed to dynamically weight different links according to users' orientations and use a multi‐label generative adversarial network to obtain domain‐independent features. More importantly, WiCross can use domain‐independent features to classify some unknown gestures without modifying any code or dataset. Lightweight computing resource consumption allows WiCross to respond in real time. The experimental results show that WiCross can achieve an in‐domain recognition accuracy of 93.54% and a cross‐domain recognition accuracy of 93.11%.
How to select the electronic target for robot trajectory tracking Lyapunov‐based controllers: Comparative study and experimental results
Authors: Losada‐Gutiérrez Cristina , Rodríguez‐Ascariz José M. , Espinosa Felipe
Published: August 2023

The proper sizing of the electronic target to implement complex controllers is barely tackled at engineering schools. An incorrect selection leads, at best, to inefficient use of resources and unnecessarily high costs. In this work, the criteria to implement the electronic Lyapunov‐based controller for non‐linear trajectory tracking of a P3‐DX robot is focused on. After comparing pros and cons of the four alternatives, test results are shown with two of them: NUC8i5INH microcomputer and STM32F767 single chip board.
Robust optimisation of electricity‐heating integrated energy system based on data‐driven PV interval estimation
Authors: Xu Tao , Liu Zuozheng , Guo Lingxu , Meng He , Wang Rujing , Li Mengchao , Cai Shuqi
Published: August 2023

Short‐term interval estimation can effectively and precisely quantify the uncertainties of renewable energy, accurately represent the range of fluctuations of uncertain variables in robust optimisation of electricity‐heating integrated energy system (EHIES) and it is getting crucial for reliable and flexible operation of renewable dominated new energy systems. The authors present a multivariate data‐driven short‐term PV power interval prediction model that consists of multiple layers, including one‐dimensional convolutional layer, ultra‐lightweight subspace attention mechanism (ULSAM), bidirectional long and short‐term memory (BiLSTM), quantile regression (QR) and kernel density estimation (KDE). The one‐dimensional convolutional layer and ULSAM can extract sequential features and highlight key information from the data; the BiLSTM processes time series data in both directions and conveys historical information; the QR and KDE models generate interval prediction with a given confidence level. Based on the proposed interval estimation, a refined PV uncertainty set can be established and adopted by robust optimal scheduling of EHIES utilising min‐max‐min algorithm. The simulation results have demonstrated the estimation accuracy and adaptability to various weather scenarios.
Multidimensional coupled structure‐activity relationship models for replacement of SF6
Authors: Zhang Mi , Hou Hua , Wang Baoshan
Published: August 2023

Computational screening of single gases to replace SF6 for electrical insulation has been challenged by the difficulty in combining various mutually exclusive properties especially for dielectric performance with liquefaction and environmental properties. To reveal the inherent correlations between dielectric strength (Er), boiling point (Tb), and global warming potential (GWP) of dielectric materials, a coupled structure‐activity relationship (CSAR) model has been proposed for the first time. By means of the generic descriptors, as deduced from the electrostatic potentials, and the specific descriptors, as introduced from the respective microscopic mechanisms, the complex interdependence between Er, Tb, and GWP of the insulation gases is quantitatively characterised by the 3‐D coupling matrix. The coupling mechanism for the right balance of properties is uncovered in terms of the first‐principle descriptors. The CSAR model outperforms the previous SAR models in predicting Er, Tb, and GWP simultaneously in a self‐consistent manner. More importantly, the concept of CSAR could be extended readily to any multidimensional macroscopic properties. Novel replacement compounds have been identified tentatively to be the promising candidates to replace SF6 using the CSAR model.
Evaluating efficiency of railway transportation based on cross‐efficiency evaluation method and relative entropy evaluation method in China
Authors: Zhang Liangliang , Hua Xiukun
Published: August 2023

Railway transportation system is one of the most important components of the integrated transportation system. A functional and efficient railway transportation system can be conducive to sustainable development of society and economy, thus highlighting the importance of studies on railway transportation efficiency. Therefore, this research proposes the cross‐efficiency evaluation method based on the relative entropy evaluation method (CERE) to evaluate railway transportation efficiency in China. Firstly, the research constructs an evaluation indicators system for railway transportation efficiency from the perspective of input‐output. Secondly, the paper obtains cross‐efficiency matrix by using the cross‐efficiency evaluation method (CE). Then, the study takes the obtained the cross‐efficiency matrix as the decision matrix of multiple criteria decision‐making (MCDM) problem, and applies the relative entropy evaluation method to evaluate the efficiency of railway transportation. Finally, the empirical analysis of the efficiency evaluation results for 18 railway transportation companies shows that, in 2019, Taiyuan Railway Transportation Company has the highest efficiency score, owing probably to a greater coal railway transportation demand and an advanced railway heavy haul transportation technology; railway transportation companies in the Eastern China typically have the highest efficiency scores, owing probably to a greater regional railway transportation demand.
Probabilistic optimal power flow in wind energy integrated power system based on the K‐medoids data clustering method considering correlated uncertain variables
Authors: Badoozadeh Saeed , Nikdel Nazila , Galvani Sadjad , Farhadi‐Kangarlu Mohammad
Published: August 2023

Renewable energy sources have increasingly been integrated into power systems because of their superior environmental, technical, and economic advantages. However, the uncertainty of these sources besides load fluctuations and equipment outages brings new challenges to power system operating and planning studies. Also, the correlation between uncertain variables makes operational decisions more and more complicated. Probabilistic assessment of power systems is essential to evaluate uncertainties’ effects and make reasonable decisions. Methods with high accuracy and low computational burden are efficient for online and fast requirements such as optimal power flow (OPF) problems. A clustering method based on the K‐medoids technique is used for the probabilistic assessment of the power system in the OPF problem. Unlike other clustering techniques the K‐medoids method can manage discrete variables such as equipment outages besides other continuous variables such as load and wind generation. This paper presents an OPF problem considering the uncertainty of renewable energy sources, load fluctuations, and transmission lines outage as well as the correlation among them. The probabilistic assessment is conducted by the K‐medoids method and the optimization problem is solved by the cooperation search algorithm (CSA) as an efficient evolutionary algorithm. Numerical results using the IEEE standard 30 and 118 bus test systems show the efficiency of the proposed method in terms of accuracy and computational burden.
Proposed sub‐synchronous resonance damping controller for large‐scale wind farms
Authors: Moradi‐Shahrbabak Zahra
Published: August 2023

This paper deals with the mitigation of sub‐synchronous resonance (SSR) in doubly‐fed induction generator (DFIG)‐based wind farms using a sub‐synchronous resonance damping controller (SSRDC). The performance of the SSRDC depends on its input control signal and the location of its output control signals. Hence, this paper presents an algorithm to select the best location for applying the SSRDC. The DFIG parameters are used as the inputs of this algorithm. Also, the participation factors analysis is employed as this algorithm's main core. The output of this algorithm determines that the control signal of SSRDC can be applied either in the grid‐side converter (GSC) and/or in the rotor‐side converter (RSC). The best input location in the GSC is the DC‐link voltage and the best input location in the RSC is the q‐component of the rotor voltage. The accuracy of this algorithm was evaluated by investigating the effect of various input signal locations on the SSR using the eigenvalue analysis. This analysis indicated that the dc‐link voltage and the q‐components of the rotor voltage are the most effective signals on the sub‐synchronous oscillatory modes. Moreover, this paper introduces a new SSRDC using these two signals. The performance of this controller is validated through the eigenvalue analysis and a time domain simulation.
Herausforderungen in der Betreuung gewaltbetroffener Frauen
während der Zeit von Schwangerschaft und Wochenbett aus der Sicht von
Gewaltschutz- und Beratungseinrichtungen
Authors: König-Bachmann Martina , Pittl Manuel , Hochleitner Margarethe , Perkhofer Susanne , Zenzmaier Christoph , Siller Heidi
Published: August 2023

Frauen erfahren Gewalt in der Familie und Partnerschaft auch in der
Schwangerschaft. Hebammen können einen wichtigen Beitrag in der
Prävention und Intervention von Gewalt gegen Schwangere und
Mütter leisten und an entsprechende Beratungsangebote verweisen. Eine
Studie zeigt, welche Herausforderungen Beratungseinrichtung bei der Betreuung
von Frauen rund um die Geburt meistern müssen.
Business model innovation and export performance
Authors: Najafi-Tavani Zhaleh , Zantidou Eleni , Leonidou Constantinos N. , Zeriti Athina
Published: August 2023

Although business model innovation (BMI) is generally beneficial for firms, few studies have investigated whether and under what conditions BMI benefits materialize in foreign markets. This research applies two complementary theoretical perspectives to understand the role of BMI in helping firms achieve enhanced performance in export markets. We argue that the effectiveness of the two types of BMI (novelty- and efficiency-centered) is influenced by factors such as relational embeddedness, international experience, and competitive intensity. Using primary data from 263 managers and CEOs from 194 exporting firms, we find that novelty- and efficiency-centered BMI boosts performance by strengthening exporters’ differentiation and cost advantages, respectively. We also show that for firms operating in mildly competitive environments and in a narrow set of countries, novelty-centered BMI is more likely to lead to a differentiation advantage. At the same time, exporters can attain greater cost advantages from efficiency-centered BMI if they have established strong relationships with their export customers/buyers and have been internationally active for a long time. Managers might need to pay close attention to the level of competition, as it can have both positive and negative implications for advantage-driven export performance outcomes.
Weaving the algorithm: participatory subjectivities amongst food delivery riders
Authors: Allen-Perkins Diego , Cañedo-Rodríguez Montserrat
Published: August 2023

The platform economy is an ecosystem of algorithmically-organised social–technical relationships. In the specific area of home food delivery via digital platforms, algorithmic mediation motivates agents to act in specific ways based on algorithmic logic, creating a distinct form of subjectivity. Based on an ethnography carried out with delivery riders in the City of Madrid (Spain) between 2021 and 2023, in this paper we explore the concept of participatory subjectivity, proposing a distinction between three categories: (a) systems in which the delivery worker seeks algorithmic recognition, (b) systems in which users act in such a way as to be ignored by the algorithm and (c) systems in which it is the design of the algorithms themselves that fosters participation by users. We believe that the concept of participatory subjectivity contributes to the debate on algorithmic mediation in the platform economy, while also affording new perspectives on its effects on workers.
Cascaded domain engineering optical phased array for beam steering
Authors: Li Jingwei , He Yuchen , Zheng Huaibin , Luo Sheng , Liu Xin , Hu Qingyuan , Chen Huaixi , Liang Wanguo , Liu Jianbin , Chen Hui , Zhou Yu , Wei Xiaoyong , Xu Zhuo
Published: August 2023

Optical phased arrays (OPAs) encounter a formidable trade-off between performance and design due to the intricacies of their system. Here, we propose a cascaded domain engineering OPA structure via domain engineering. A six-layer cascaded domain engineering OPA prototype, consisting of 32 array elements, was designed, fabricated, and characterized. In contrast to the existing OPA scheme, only one control electronics is used to control the entire array elements, regardless of the number of array elements. The speed of beam steering is demonstrated up to 3 MHz in the bulk LiNbO3 (LN) demo, based on the fast response of the electro-optic crystal. Meantime, by demonstrating dynamic beam steering continually, its capability of continuous scanning and continually active phase tunability has been verified. The utilization of such cascaded domain engineering techniques provides a promising approach to OPA and related applications.
X-ray self-emission imaging with spherically bent Bragg crystals on the Z-machine
Authors: Harding E. C. , Robertson G. K. , Dunham G. S. , Gomez M. R. , Fein J. R. , Knapp P. F. , Harvey-Thompson A. J. , Speas C. S. , Ampleford D. J. , Rochau G. A. , Doron R. , Maron Y.
Published: August 2023

An x-ray imaging scheme using spherically bent crystals was implemented on the Z-machine to image x rays emitted by the hot, dense plasma generated by a Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion (MagLIF) target. This diagnostic relies on a spherically bent crystal to capture x-ray emission over a narrow spectral range (<15 eV), which is established by a limiting aperture placed on the Rowland circle. The spherical crystal optic provides the necessary high-throughput and large field-of-view required to produce a bright image over the entire, one-cm length of the emitting column of a plasma. The average spatial resolution was measured and determined to be 18 µm for the highest resolution configuration. With this resolution, the radial size of the stagnation column can be accurately determined and radial structures, such as bifurcations in the column, are clearly resolved. The success of the spherical-crystal imager has motivated the implementation of a new, two-crystal configuration for identifying sources of spectral line emission using a differential imaging technique.
Analogs of columnar sprites initiated in low-pressure air and nitrogen
Authors: Sorokin Dmitry A. , Tarasenko Victor F. , Baksht Evgenii Kh. , Vinogradov Nikita P.
Published: August 2023

Results of experimental studies of red-colored plasma diffuse jets are presented. Such jets are initiated by a capacitive discharge in air or nitrogen at pressures of 0.2–3 Torr fed by voltage pulses with an amplitude of 5–7 kV following with a frequency of 21 kHz. They can be considered as a lab analog of a columnar sprite. The jet is formed by successive ionization waves (streamers). A significant effect of the reduced electric field strength E/N on the color (emission spectrum) of a plasma diffuse jet has been established. It is shown that the transition from red to blue as the jet approaches the additional electrodes and the end flange of the discharge tube is due to an increase in E/N in these regions. This, in turn, explains the change in color of sprites as they approach the top of the storm clouds. An assumption about the influence of noctilucent clouds on the formation of the beaded structure of sprites is made. The plasma parameters (electron Te, vibrational Tv, rotational Tr, and translational Ttr temperatures, as well as E/N) in the region of the capacitive discharge and along the plasma diffuse jet were measured by optical emission spectroscopy. The measurements have shown that with the increase in distance from the electrode assembly, E/N decreases from ∼3500 to ∼200 Td, while Te changes from ∼50 to 3 eV. The gas temperature varies slightly from 400 to 360 K. The measurement results are compared with those of natural red sprites.
The application of the SCAN density functional to color centers in diamond
Authors: Maciaszek Marek , Žalandauskas Vytautas , Silkinis Rokas , Alkauskas Audrius , Razinkovas Lukas
Published: August 2023

Detailed characterization of deep-level color centers requires understanding their electronic and atomic structure, which is most commonly investigated utilizing the Kohn–Sham density functional theory. Standard semilocal functionals based on the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) are inclined toward an imprecise quantitative description of defects’ electronic structure. Hybrid functionals provide an improved prediction of electronic properties, albeit at a much higher computational cost. In this work, we test the newly developed Strongly Constrained and Appropriately Normed (SCAN) family of meta-GGA density functionals for selected color centers in diamond. In particular, we study nitrogen-, silicon-, germanium-, and tin-vacancy centers that have been recently investigated for their use in quantum technological applications. We show that SCAN and its derivatives, the rSCAN and r2SCAN functionals, significantly improve the calculated energies of optical transitions within the delta-self-consistent-field approach, almost reaching the accuracy of the hybrid Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof (HSE) functional. In the case of the NV− center, we also show that the SCAN family of functionals improves the description of the adiabatic potential energy surfaces compared to both GGA and hybrid functionals, improving calculated luminescence lineshapes. As a result of these findings, we recommend using the SCAN family of functionals as a promising alternative for studying color centers in solids.
Twinning microstructure in the solid-phase epitaxial crystallization of BaTiO3
Authors: Platten Sophia F. , Liu Rui , Sauyet Theodore , Williams Turner J. , Savage Donald E. , Sheikh Md Sariful , Dawber Matthew , Cai Zhonghou , Zhou Tao , Babcock Susan E. , Evans Paul G.
Published: August 2023

Amorphous BaTiO3 layers deposited on SrTiO3 (001) substrates at room temperature were subsequently crystallized using solid phase epitaxy (SPE). Heating an initially amorphous BaTiO3 layer in air at 650 °C for 3 h resulted in crystallization with components in two distinct crystallographic orientation relationships with respect to the substrate. Part of the volume of the BaTiO3 layer crystallized in a cube-on-cube relationship with the substrate. Other volumes crystallized in four variants of a 70.5° rotation about ⟨110⟩, resulting in a ⟨221⟩ surface normal in each case. Each of these four variants forms a Σ = 3 coincident site lattice with respect to the SrTiO3 substrate and the cube-on-cube oriented BaTiO3. Heating for the same duration and temperature in a reducing gas atmosphere resulted in the formation of polycrystalline BaTiO3 with no preferred crystallographic orientation. The dependence on the gas atmosphere indicates that it may be possible to tune the annealing time, temperature, and atmosphere to produce a single crystalline BTO on STO by SPE or produce a desired distribution of orientations.