bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Cassava Peeling Machine using Dimensional Analysis Technique
Authors:   Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria, Adegoke Adekola , Oke Moruf ,   Department of Food Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Abeokuta, Nigeria, Oriola Kazeem ,   Department of Agricultural Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Abeokuta, Nigeria, Adekoyeni Oludare ,   Department of Home Science and Management, Federal University Gashua, Yobe, Nigeria, Sanni Lateef ,   Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria | BASICS Project II, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
Published: February 2024

Cassava processing for various products requires an efficient peeling process. However, peeling – the first step in its processing – has been considered laborious and time-consuming; hence, the need for full mechanization. Several mechanical peeling approaches have been exploited by researchers toward achieving ideal peeling. In this study, an innovative abrasive cassava peeling machine, combining chemical and mechanical peeling methods, was used for the experiment using TMS 30572 and TME 419 cassava cultivars. The physical and technological characteristics of the motion of the roots within the peeling compartment were subjected to analysis. Model equations based on dimensional analysis were adopted to predict the functionalities between cassava and the peeler variables. The following cassava roots properties were established: distal diameter (TME 419: 15.20-26.50 mm; TME 30572: 10.20-35.10 mm), peel thickness (TME 419: 1.60-4 mm; TME 30572: 1.80-4 mm) and moisture content (TME 419: 59.20-61.18%; TME 30572: 58.40-60.40%). The machine’s peeling efficiency (μ), mechanical damage (λ), peel retention (P) and throughput capacity (η) were 62.02-86.45%, 1.26-2.90%, 8.26-11.63%, 900-1,210.5 kg/h, respectively, for both cultivars. A linear relationship was found between the machine speed, velocity of conveyance and peeling time. The study revealed that the machine resulted in the careful removal of the cassava peels achieving good peeling efficiency at a speed of 1,600 rpm < Nt < 2,600 rpm depending on the variety. It is recommended for peeling operations in cassava processing factories.
Design, Development and Testing of Microcontroller Systems Simulator using PIC Microcontroller
Authors:   Polytechnic School, Isabela State University – Angadanan Campus, Angadanan, Isabela 3307, Philippines, Cristobal Romel B.
Published: February 2024

The inadequacy or absence of training equipment negatively impacts student performance, achievement and employability. Attempting to address this problem, the study was conducted to design, develop, fabricate and test a microcontroller systems simulator (MSS). The MSS was composed of the mainboard and development board comprising the PIC microcontroller, microcontroller circuits and input and output devices. The MSS was designed using AutoCAD, schematic design and circuit simulation software, and printed circuit board auto-routing software. A computerized cutting machine, laser laminator and ink printer were also used in the fabrication of the MSS boards. Test results showed that 12 and 24 VDC voltage readings were normal, sensors were working with the indicated specifications, and the MSS could perform automatic switching simulations. It was concluded that the MSS can effectively demonstrate microcontroller experiments and switching applications and it conformed to the required voltage and current ratings, electronics and electrical safety standards. It was also found that it is technically feasible to develop a microcontroller simulator utilizing commercially and locally available materials and spare parts.
Tax Autonomy of Self-Governing Units in Slovakia
Authors: Maličká Lenka
Published: February 2024

Tax autonomy as a form of financial autonomy is one of the key factors of fiscal decentralization. A precondition of tax autonomy is the ability to acquire tax resources in the territory of the jurisdiction and to use them in accordance with socio-economic targets of the jurisdiction. In Slovakia, following the public sector reform in 2001, two types of self-governments exist. Although self-governing municipalities have existed since the change of the regime (1989), regions were established and have been effective since 2002. The ensuing turbulent period of the Slovak economy included a phase of economic expansion, depression and economic recovery. This had several impacts on the tax autonomy of existing self-governing structures in Slovakia. While the system of shared taxes increased the financial autonomy of both structures, changes in the overall tax system, especially after the financial crisis (2009), dramatically reduced their tax autonomy. A special situation emerged in case of regions, where the taxing power regarding the motor vehicle tax (the only own tax source) was shifted to the central level of government in 2015. The aim of the paper is to measure the tax autonomy of regions and municipalities since 2002 and compare it to their financial autonomy, which takes the form of a formal measurement. Additionally, the impact of certain demographic and macroeconomic variables on tax autonomy of self-government units in Slovakia is examined.
Conservation Management Plan for Heritage Site in Malaysia: A case study of Brooke Dockyard, Kuching, Sarawak.
Authors:   Universiti Sains Malaysia, Ahmad A Ghafar
Published: February 2024

Conservation Management Plan (CMP) and its implementation is a relatively new practice in the protection and safeguarding of heritage buildings and sites in Malaysia. The CMP is a vital legal document which details out the management strategy for historic assets, heritage sites and significant places; as well as prescribes future use, management, alteration, or repair to retain the significance of heritage buildings and sites. Without proper CMP implementation, gazetted heritage buildings or sites are at risk due to potential development threats that may affect their significant values. This article presents the fundamentals of the CMP as stated under the Malaysian laws, which are the National Heritage Act 2005 (Act 645), State of Penang Heritage Enactment 2011 (Enactment 14) and Sarawak Heritage Ordinance 2019 (Chapter 77). This study involves a qualitative research in examining provisions in the Malaysian heritage laws; as well as reviewing the contents of the CMP of Brooke Dockyard in Kuching, Sarawak as a case study. The study found that all three Malaysia heritage laws have similar provisions in aspects of authority, power, control, management, and designated criteria for heritage property. Specific provisions of the Sarawak Heritage Ordinance 2019 (Chapter 77) laws were found to be fully complied and well documented in the case study of the CMP of Brooke Dockyard. Hence, the CMP of Brooke Dockyard serves as an instrumental tool in safeguarding the significant values of this heritage building prior to its transformation into a maritime museum. The CMP provides guidance to envisage future care and use of Brooke Dockyard including new development proposals within the designated core and buffer zones. The CMP also portrays Brooke Dockyard as one of the significant heritage sites in Sarawak that should be conserved for the benefits of future generations.
facAffecting the creative capacity of economics students at Mekong Delta Universities
Authors:   Dong Thap University, Nguyen Tri Giac
Published: February 2024

This study aims to examine the influence of factors on the creative capacity of economics students at universities in the Mekong Delta. To conduct this research, the author conducted a survey of 498 economics students studying at 10 universities in the Mekong Delta. The author conducted research through two stages: qualitative research and quantitative research. In addition, the data analysis method chosen by the authors (1) evaluates the reliability of Cronbach’s Alpha scale; (2) EFA exploratory factor analysis; (3) Pearson correlation coefficient test (4) linear regression analysis; (5) Lavene difference test. The research results show that intrinsic motivation and a supportive environment have an impact on students’ creative capacity. The research results once again strengthen the theoretical basis of the research, and are also the basis for the author to propose recommendations to improve the creative capacity of economics students at universities in the Mekong Delta.
The Impact of Implementing Value-Added Tax on the Islamic Banking Practices
Authors: Alkhayyal Raneem AbdulAziz Abdullah , Parveen Rehana
Published: February 2024

The main aim of this research is to determine the impact of implementing VAT on Islamic banking practices. Prohibition of Riba (interest) and Gharar (uncertainty) are the fundamental principles of Islamic banking and key differentiators to differentiate it from conventional banking practices.  It was found that Riba and Gharar are the two main hindrances for the Islamic banks operating in Saudi Arabia, as these two are not endorsed by existing Sharia principles. As a result, the Islamic banks in the country leveraged Mudarabah to invest in asset development, which is supported by Sharia principles. On the other hand, rising interest rates, influenced by VAT implementation that caused a rise in commodity prices as well, led to consumers seeking less loan support. In contrast, it increased the money deposit volume of consumers. With the development of a compliance team, the Islamic banks in the country are recommended not only to enforce the practice of Standard operation procedure (SOPs ) but also to start a fee-based structure that is endorsed by Sharia principles, and it would also help banks to accumulate VAT collections through fees from customers.
Spinoza On the Knowledge of God and The Existence of Evil in The World: An Epistemic Purview
Authors: Sunday Agama Christian , John Ezenwankwor , Victor Obiagwu Obinna , Ikechukwu Ozoigbo Bonaventure
Published: February 2024

This study examines Spinoza’s position on the knowledge of God and the problem of evil in the world. Drawing from Spinoza’s argument that there is nothing like evil in the world since all finite beings are logically necessary modification of the divine substance, this paper contends that Spinoza did not only fail in solving the problem of evil but also contradicted himself and made it appear more complex. This problem cannot be easily solved either by philosophy or theology because of the complexities in the nature of evil.  In both cases, it is impossible to deny the existence of evil as well as to fathom the ontological possibility of evil in the world.
Structural and Compositional Changes of Bamboo Fibers During Super-Heated Steam Treatment Improved Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene/Bamboo Biocomposite
Authors: Yamashiro Keisaku , Nishida Haruo
Published: February 2024

Structural and compositional changes of bamboo fibers, which were prepared through super-heated steam (SHS) treatment at normal pressure and fine grinding, were investigated by infra-red spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, viscosity-average molecular weight (Mv) measurement, and X-ray fluorescence analysis. SHS-treated Moso bamboo resulted in preferential decomposition of hemicellulose without any decrease in the Mv of cellulose crystalline. The SHS-treated bamboo was easily ground to obtain various short bamboo fibers (sBF) suitable for conventional melt processing of composites with polypropylene. The sBF showed good melt-processability and contributed to the mechanical performance of the composites moldings, resulting in 290% increases in flexural modulus.

Keywords: Moso bamboo, superheated steam treatment, short bamboo fiber, chemical composition
Clarification of Glucose from Cellulose Hydrolysate by Ultrafiltration with Polyethersulfone Membrane
Authors: Md Zain Masniroszaime , Mohammad Abdul Wahab
Published: February 2024

Ultrafiltration was used to clarify glucose from cellulose hydrolysate using polyethersulfone (PES) membrane. The flux behavior of PES membrane was studied in concentrating glucose from cellulose hydrolysate during dead end ultrafiltration in different pH of solutions and Kumar’s model was applied to analyse the fouling mechanism. The permeation of glucose achieved more than 93% for all the different pH solution. The permeate flux decreased over time as a result of membrane fouling. The minimum fouling was obtained at pH solution above the IEP due to protein-protein and membrane-protein repulsions alleviating aggregation and fouling. Cake formation blocking was identified as the dominant mechanism for flux decline.

Keywords: glucose, enzyme hydrolysis, lignocellulosic biomass, ultrafiltration, polyethersulfone
Hydrogen Production by Anaerobic Digestion of Crude Glycerol from Biodiesel Fuel Manufacturing Process – Part II. Effects of Biodiesel Fuelrelated Chemical Components on Hydrogen Production
Authors: Yamane Oozora , Komiyama Masaharu
Published: February 2024

In order to utilize crude glycerol, a byproduct from biodiesel fuel production, its conversion through anaerobic fermentation was studied. Chemical components related to biodiesel fuel production were examined as substrates of anaerobic digestion. Glycerol was found to play a key role for the hydrogen production, while methanol, KOH and waste vegetable oil from which biodiesel fuel was made exerting synergetic effects.

Keywords: Biodiesel fuel, Crude glycerol, Anaerobic digestion, Hydrogen fermentation, Biodiesel fuel-related chemicals
Levels of Loneliness among Elderly Indwelling-Community
Authors: Rahmawati Syinta , Sugiharto Sh
Published: February 2024

The lives of the elderly are constantly changing due to factors including retirement, loss of spouse, chronic illnesses that prevent them from being active, living alone, and a lack of social connection. As a result, loneliness can be a problem for the elderly. The study aimed to analyse the levels of loneliness among community-dwelling elderly people. The study employed a cross-sectional design. A total sampling technique was used to collect the sample. The inclusion criteria of the study included being at least 60 years old, willing to participate, free of dementia or schizophrenia, and without any physical restrictions. To assess respondents' levels of loneliness, the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale was employed. There are 151 older people who participated in this study. According to the findings, just 72% of the elderly community's residents reported feeling lonely. The fact that the average age of the respondents was 68 years old and that the majority were female, employed, living with family, and actively participating in social activities is likely what contributed to the low level of loneliness. Living circumstances and family support have an impact on how lonely elderly people are. The family plays a significant role in providing care for the elderly in accordance with their developmental stages. Community nurses could activate elderly people in social activities and provide elderly schooling programs to prevent loneliness among older residents of the community.
PENDAMPINGAN KETERAMPILAN DIGITALISASI PEMASARAN MELALUI MEDIA SOSIAL INSTAGRAM GUNA MENINGKATKAN EKSISTENSI MUA ROFISURONO KLATEN
Authors: Fardani Fikrina Faraidi
Published: February 2024

MUA merupakan sebuah bisnis yang unik karena menjual jasa secara custom. Setiap pengguna jasa akan memiliki preferensi riasan yang berbeda-beda, sehingga para pelaku usaha harus dapat menyesuaikan dengan apa yang diharapkan konsumen. Mitra pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah MUA Rofisurono yang berasal dari Klaten. Fokus kegiatan ini adalah melakukan pendampingan keterampilan pemasaran media sosial.  Adanya portofolio digital yang baik akan mempermudah konsumen untuk mendapatkan gambaran tentang apa yang akan didapatkannya kelak. Portofolio ini dapat diorganisir melalui media sosial, salah satunya Instagram. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah meningkatkan pemahaman dan pengetahuan terkait branding dan strategi promosi untuk keberlangsungan usaha MUA. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan dilakukan dalam beberapa tahap, yaitu (1) observasi, (2) wawancara dan diskusi, (3) sosialisasi dan edukasi terkait media sosial, dan (4) pendampingan pengelolaan Instagram. Hasil dari kegiatan ini diharapkan mampu meningkatkan eksistensi MUA Rofisurono yang menjangkau minat dan ketertarikan konsumen lebih luas lagi. Selain itu, diharapkan mempermudah konsumen untuk mengenal MUA Rofisurono dan dapat memilih riasan mana yang cocok untuk dirinya karena portofolio digital yang sudah disusun dengan baik melalui Instagram.
La evaluación de las necesidades y exigencias del cliente en la distribución de seguros
Authors: Collado-Rodríguez Noelia
Published: February 2024

El presente estudio analiza la evaluación de las necesidades y exigencias del cliente en el mercado de seguros introducida en la Directiva (UE) 2016/97 de distribución de seguros e incorporada a través del RD-L 3/2020. Esta evaluación de carácter preceptivo se une a otras ya implementadas en el mercado de inversión y en el de crédito con el objetivo de salvaguardar los intereses de los clientes y/o consumidores y evitar que vuelvan a repetirse ciertas prácticas que dieron lugar a crisis financiera de 2007. El propósito de este trabajo consiste en determinar el marco jurídico de esta evaluación ante la falta de concreción de la que adolecen las normas legales que lo establecen.
Crimes Against Humanity: A Human Rights Perspective
Authors: Kanwel Sidra , Hussain Nazar , Oad Sahib , Phulpoto Shumaila
Published: February 2024

This research article explores the multifaceted concept of crimes against humanity through the lens of international human rights, examining its historical origins, legal framework, and contemporary challenges. Tracing the evolution from the aftermath of World War II to the establishment of the International Criminal Court (ICC), the paper emphasizes the human rights implications of these crimes, elucidating the violation of fundamental rights on a mass scale. By analyzing recent developments and case studies, the article underscores the imperative of a global commitment to justice, accountability, and the protection of human dignity in the face of crimes that transcend national boundaries. The research contributes to the ongoing discourse on the intersection of human rights and crimes against humanity, advocating for a holistic approach that integrates legal principles with universal values.
Investigating Performance of Self-Medication in Multan During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Wase Rahat , Ilyas Ammara , Kajal Rubaisha , Iqbal Javed
Published: February 2024

This study examines the frequency and determining factors that impact using self-medication among academic professionals in Multan during the COVID-19 epidemic. Self-medication, which refers to the use of over-the-counter medications without the supervision of a medical expert, has gained significant attention during the pandemic due to limited access to healthcare facilities and heightened health anxieties. Employing a case study methodology, data was gathered from academic workers in Multan via questionnaires and interviews to investigate the extent of self-medication and ascertain the variables that contribute to it. The findings provide insight into the prevalence of self-administered treatment practices, frequently utilized drugs, motivations for self-medication, and influential sources of information guiding these choices. Potential predictors of self-medication behavior include factors such as the perceived intensity of symptoms, accessibility of pharmaceuticals, past experiences, and socioeconomic position. The implications of these findings for public health policies, healthcare delivery systems, and health education initiatives are examined, focusing on the significance of tackling the underlying reasons behind self-medication to guarantee secure and efficient healthcare practices during health crises such as the COVID-19 epidemic.
Determination of Rukyatul Hilal in the Harmonization of Science and Religion
Authors: Kharisatul Amanah
Published: February 2024

As Muslims who observe fasting almost every year, of course this cannot be seprated from the determination of the start of Ramadan and Shawwal. In this case, there are also differences in determination, especially since in Indonesia itself there are several different schools. Determining the start of Ramadhan and Shawwal need to be made base on rukyat al-hilal. Currently, an path to a witness is the main basis for accepting testimony of seeing the new moon. However, in practice there is almost never any clarification regarding the conditions for fulfilling the crescent moon testimony, because it turns out that in practice in tne field, there are still many who cannot identify with certainty whether they are seeing a crescent moon or another object. Science and technology have developed so rapidly. Scientific evidence is verry necessary to guarantee the certainty of the shahadah which is used as a guideline for the itsbat at the beginning of the months of ramadan and shawwal. Then in this study, it was concluded that science and technology, especially in the fields of optics and digital imaging, were proven to be able to help increase objectivity in rukyat al-hilal testimony.
Inbox for Price – An Experiment
Authors: Veung Chandara
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT Cambodia is one of the most active countries on social media. However, unlike their peers in Southeast Asia, Cambodians prefer to conduct e-commerce over Facebook, rather than dedicated platforms such as Shopee, Lazada, or Zalora, which are extremely popular in neighboring countries. A peculiarity among Facebook merchants in Cambodia and other developing countries is inbox pricing, in which prices are not advertised or disclosed upfront, but only revealed to customers once they send a message to the merchant’s Facebook page. As the practice is very common among Facebook merchants in Cambodia, this paper aims to examine the effects of inbox pricing on sales revenue, and its implications for businesses. To this end, an experiment was conducted on the Facebook platform. Specifically, a merchant page was created and two parallel advertisement campaigns were run for a full week. In one group, price was clearly displayed on the advertisement (transparent pricing), while in the other group, price was not mentioned on the advertisement and only revealed in inbox messages (inbox pricing). Both campaigns were identical in each and every way, except for the price component. The results showed that, ceteris paribus, the number of customers, units sold and sales were substantially higher when prices were advertised upfront, as compared to inbox pricing. Inbox pricing not only resulted in fewer customers and less sales, but also required more effort and resources to serve the customers. Keywords: Inbox pricing; Transparent pricing; Value-based pricing; Dynamic pricing
Huaihua International Inland Port Development and Its Impact on Local Residents’ Housing Demand
Authors: Xiao Sidi , Hou Tengteng , Shu Xiaohui , Tian Guang
Published: February 2024

Studies have shown that constructing international inland ports can create an impetus for the local community’s comprehensive economic and social development. It can also promote population concentration and accelerate urbanization in inland areas. Population inflow affects residents’ housing demand. An in-depth study should be conducted on the impact of the construction of Huaihua International Inland Port on the housing demand of the residents in the southwestern Hunan area. From the perspective of the development trajectory of Huaihua International Inland Port, it analyzes how the port affects the local economy, employment, government revenue, and urbanization progress. Combined with the analysis of residents’ housing status in Huaihua City of Hunan Province, China, it predicts their future housing demand in Huaihua City. The results show that residents’ housing demand will change in stages.
IoT-Based Barcode Scanning System for Production and Warehouse Management
Authors: De Nerol Ivan , Putra Syam Satria Riyo , Rasyid Parmana Rafi , Octavia Nanda , Mukti Darmawan Muhammad Danang , Mohamad Alvin Renaldi Mohamad , Firdayanti  , Nurfadillah Fiqri , Kharismatunnisaa Fiona , Angeline Ester , Kamil Dhafa , Saputra Yourdan
Published: February 2024

This project aims to develop an IoT-based barcode scanning system using an ESP32 microcontroller and a GM-65 barcode reader for efficient production and warehouse management. The system facilitates automated and accurate barcode scanning, with the collected data transmitted to a web-based platform in real-time. The web interface provides users with comprehensive insights into production quantities and warehouse status, generating a detailed journal for traceability and accountability. This innovative solution offers businesses a streamlined approach to monitor and record production activities, ultimately optimizing the overall efficiency of production and warehouse management processes.
Making a Mobile-Based Social Media Information System for Environmentalists with Flutter and AWS
Authors: Renaldi Mohamad Alvin , Riyo Putra Syam Satria  , Nanda Octavia  , Muhammad Danang Mukti Darmawan  , Ivan De Nerol  , Firdayanti  , Fiqri Nurfadillah  , Fiona Kharismatunnisaa  , Ester Angeline  , Yourdan Saputra
Published: February 2024

This research explores an effective role in environmental conservation through technological innovation. This study aims to design and develop a mobile-based social media application by utilizing Flutter technology and AWS architecture. The research focuses on managing user data securely and efficiently through AWS services. This research uses an applied method based on the Scrum framework, emphasizing technology integration for environmental preservation and AWS implementation for data security. The results showed successful application development in line with the company's environmental sustainability mission. The data management system ensures safe and efficient handling of user information. The study concludes with a summary of findings, emphasizing the positive impact of technology on environmental initiatives.
Research on Fiscal and Tax Policies of Tourism \\Ecosystem to Promote Rural Revitalization
Authors: WANG Aiqing , ZHANG Tian , LONG Zhu
Published: February 2024

The "Strategic Plan for Rural Revitalization (2018-2022)" issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council proposes to build an ecologically livable and beautiful countryside. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee proposed to give priority to the development of rural agriculture and comprehensively promote rural revitalization. A sound rural tourism ecosystem is of great significance for optimizing the structure of rural tourism, driving the development of other rural industries, increasing farmers' income, and revitalizing the countryside. The establishment of a rural tourism ecosystem will address the contradiction of uneven and insufficient development in rural areas, while promoting high-quality development of rural tourism, achieving consumption upgrading, and promoting internal circulation. Establish a comprehensive fiscal and tax policy, and accelerate the construction of the rural tourism ecosystem with the policy support of financial policy, tax policy, and investment and financing policy.
OVERVIEW OF PHYSICS-INFORMED NEURAL NETWORKS APPLICATIONS
Authors: Milićević Bogdan , Ivanović Miloš , Stojanović Boban , Filipović Nenad
Published: February 2024

When simulating various physical phenomena, the law of the phenomenon is often known in advance, in the form of a partial differential equation, that needs to be solved. Numerical methods, such as the finite element method, have been developed over decades, and these methods approximate the solution to the partial differential equation. However, these methods can be computationally demanding. On the oth- er hand, neural networks, can provide predictions that approximate the given partial differential equation. Neural networks are computationally more efficient than numerical methods, but they often face issues of generalization and consequently problems with solution accuracy. Insufficient generalization, among other things, can result from data collected from numerical simulations. In the last few years, physics-informed neural networks are being developed, for which it’s not necessary to gather data from simulations. These networks use automatic differentiation and during training, they minimize the residuals of the partial differ- ential equation, its initial, and boundary conditions. After training, these neural networks can be used as a replacement for traditional numerical solvers.
COMBINED ORTHODONTIC AND SURGICAL TREATMEN IN PATIENT WITH MANDIBULAR PROGNATHISM
Authors: Stamenković Zorana , Nedeljković Nenad , Mirjanić Vladan , Stojić Vanja , Marković Jovan , Marinković Nemanja , Arsić Ivan , Krčić Vanja
Published: February 2024

The aim of this case was to present a combined orthodontic-surgical treatment for a 30-year-old patient. The initial clinical examination revealed a Class III malocclusion, concave profile, 4.5mm overjet, and 2mm overbite. The treatment plan included orthodontic preparation with fixed appliances, surgical correction of skeletal discrepancies, and post-surgical orthodontic treatment. Lateral cephalograms were taken before the orthodontic therapy, just before the surgical intervention, and after the treatment, following the removal of fixed appliances. On the initial lateral cephalogram SNB angle was 88°, ANB -5°, SpP/MP 28°, total Bjork’s polygon angle 405°, I/SpP 71°, i/MP 111° and mandibular corpus length was increased by +11mm. On the final post-surgical lateral cephalogram, after the intervention and appliance removal the SNB angle was 81°, ANB 3°, SpP/MP 25°, total Bjork’s polygon angle 398°, I/SpP 64°, i/MP 96° and man- dibular corpus length was increased by +3mm. The pre-surgical orthodontic treatment lasted 12 months, followed by bimaxillary surgery. The post-surgical orthodontic treatment lasted 12 months. After appliance removal, a retentive phase with night-time wear of retainers was implemented. The result was stable Class I occlusion, satisfactory profile appearance, 2.5mm overbite, and 2mm overjet.
Generalization of the 2-Fibonacci sequences and their Binet formula
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Xavier University of Louisiana, Ma Timmy , Vernon Richard ,   Department of Mathematics, Xavier University of Louisiana, Arora Gurdial ,   Department of Mathematics, Xavier University of Louisiana
Published: February 2024

We will explore the generalization of the four different 2-Fibonacci sequences defined by Atanassov. In particular, we will define recurrence relations to generate each part of a 2-Fibonacci sequence, discuss the generating function and Binet formula of each of these sequences, and provide the necessary and sufficient conditions to obtain each type of Binet formula.
Taste triggers a homeostatic temperature control in Drosophila
Authors: Umezaki Yujiro , Hidalgo Sergio , Nguyen Erika , Nguyen Tiffany , Suh Jay , Uchino Sheena S. , Chiu Joanna C. , Hamada Fumika N.
Published: February 2024

Hungry animals consistently show a desperate desire to obtain food. Even a brief sensory detection of food can trigger bursts of physiological and behavioral changes. However, the underlying mechanisms by which the sensation of food triggers the acute behavioral response remain elusive. We have previously shown in
Drosophila
that hunger drives a preference for low temperature. Because
Drosophila
is a small ectotherm, a preference for low temperature implies a low body temperature and a low metabolic rate. Here, we show that taste sensing triggers a switch from a low to a high temperature preference in hungry flies. We show that taste stimulation by artificial sweeteners or optogenetics triggers an acute warm preference, but is not sufficient to reach the fed state. Instead, nutrient intake is required to reach the fed state. The data suggest that starvation recovery is controlled by two components: taste-evoked and nutrient-induced warm preferences, and that taste and nutrient quality play distinct roles in starvation recovery. Animals are motivated to eat based on time of day or hunger. We found that clock genes and hunger signals profoundly control the taste-evoked warm preferences. Thus, our data suggest that the taste-evoked response is one of the critical layers of regulatory mechanisms representing internal energy homeostasis and metabolism.
Disease prevalence and bacterial isolates associated with Acropora palmata in the Colombian Caribbean
Authors: Garzon-Machado Marco , Luna-Fontalvo Jorge , García-Urueña Rocio
Published: February 2024

The decline in Acropora palmata populations in Colombian reefs has been mainly attributed to diseases outbreaks. The population size structure and prevalence of white pox and white band disease were evaluated in six localities of the Colombian Caribbean. Here, we aimed to isolate enteric bacteria and Vibrios from healthy and diseased coral mucus to relate its presence to the health status of Acropora palmata. The isolated bacteria were identified using molecular analyses with the 16S rRNA gene. Larger colonies had the highest percentage of the prevalence of both diseases. The strains that were identified as Vibrio sp. and Bacillus sp. were common in the healthy and diseased mucus of the holobiont. The Exiguobacterium sp. and Cobetia sp. strains isolated from diseased mucus may indicate maintenance and resilience mechanisms in the coral. Enterococcus sp. and other bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family were isolated from some localities, suggesting that probably contamination due to poor treatment of domestic wastewater and contributions from river discharges can affect coral health. The spatial heterogeneity of Colombian coral reefs exhibited variability in the bacteria, wherein environmental alterations can trigger signs of disease.
Bilateral movement asymmetries exist in recreational athletes during a 45° sidestep cut post-anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Kaiyala Montana , Hannigan J.J. , Traut Andrew , Pollard Christine
Published: February 2024

Individuals post-ACL reconstruction (ACLR) are at elevated risk for ACL re-injury. While several studies have examined biomechanical asymmetries post-ACLR during landing, less is known about asymmetries during a sidestep cut. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare sagittal and frontal plane biomechanics at the hip and knee during a 45° sidestep cut in post-ACLR participants and healthy controls. Nineteen athletes post-ACLR and nineteen healthy controls performed a bilateral 45° sidestep cut while three-dimensional kinematics and kinetics were measured. Sagittal and frontal plane kinematics and kinetics were examined at the hip and knee during stance phase. A linear mixed model compared biomechanical differences between the limbs of ACLR and healthy control participants (α = 0.05). In the post-ACLR group, peak hip extension, peak knee flexion, sagittal hip and knee excursion, and the peak knee extensor moment were significantly lower in the ACLR surgical limb compared to the non-surgical limb (p < 0.05). The peak knee flexion angle and peak knee extensor moment were also lower in the ACLR surgical limb compared to the matched control limb (p < 0.05). In summary, post-ACLR participants exhibited altered sagittal plane movement in their surgical limb that was not demonstrated in the non-surgical limb or in control participants, which may suggest avoidance, or reduced utilization of the ACLR limb.
Primary Splenic Hodgkin Lymphoma and its Prognosis: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: De Sayantan , Sengupta Moumita , Bhattacharya Debashis , Mondal Madhumita , Sinha Mamata Guhamallick
Published: February 2024

Primary Splenic Lymphomas (PSL) constitute an extremely uncommon variety of splenic neoplasm and can present with grave complications such as splenic rupture. Hodgkin Lymphomas (HL), a type of hematopoietic neoplasm, are typically diagnosed between the ages of 20 and 30 years and present with supra-diaphragmatic lymphadenopathy, often accompanied by systemic B symptoms. A histopathological diagnosis involving Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells in an inflammatory background is crucial. However, other differentials such as reactive hyperplasia, infectious mononucleosis, anaplastic large cell lymphoma, or various other lymphomas may mimic Hodgkin disease both clinically and histologically. Therefore, accurate diagnostic evaluation of Hodgkin lymphoma is crucial, especially as it is highly curable with combination chemotherapy, even in higher stage disease. In this report, the authors present two cases of primary splenic HL diagnosed through histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of splenectomy specimens from January 2020 to December 2021 at the Department of Pathology, IPGME&R, Kolkata, India. While reporting the histopathological sections, the authors also considered other differentials such as reactive changes, tuberculosis, and other non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Both patients were male, aged 10 years and 18 years, and presented with abdominal distension and fever, without any palpable peripheral lymph nodes, for the last six months to one year. After chemotherapy, the patients were regularly monitored to identify any signs of recurrence or relapse. Therefore, the initial recognition and proper diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma presenting in the spleen may vary in clinical presentation and morphology, but early accurate diagnosis carries a good prognosis, as survival is best determined by its histopathological type.
Shoulder and Elbow Synergy for Lateral Epicondylalgia Management: A Case Report
Authors: Baladaniya Maheshkumar , Gulrandhe Purva
Published: February 2024

Lateral epicondylalgia, commonly known as tennis elbow, is a chronic overuse injury characterised by acute inflammation at the common wrist extensor origin, resulting in pain. Scapular muscle weakness has been linked to lateral epicondylalgia, as weakness or instability in proximal muscles can trigger distal issues. Non-operative interventions, such as activity adjustments, physiotherapy, and various therapeutic methods, have been effective in managing symptoms. This case report demonstrates the effectiveness of scapular muscle strengthening in improving lateral epicondylalgia, along with extensor strengthening. The patient, a 36-yearold male construction manager, underwent a comprehensive course of physical therapy, including scapular muscle strengthening exercises. Comprehensive follow-up using outcome measures such as the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, and handheld dynamometer was done. The treatment resulted in improvements in daily function, physical activity, and sports performance, indicating the potential benefits of incorporating scapular muscle strengthening in the management of lateral epicondylalgia. This case emphasizes the need for a tailored approach, suggesting scapular muscle strengthening exercises as a more targeted intervention for lateral epicondylalgia.
Cystic Extrafollicular Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumour: A Case Report and Pictorial Update
Authors: Pandiar Deepak , Anbumani P , Krishnan Reshma Poothakulath , Dharini S
Published: February 2024

Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumour (AOT) constitutes about 5% of all odontogenic tumours and is most commonly seen in young females, in association with impacted maxillary canines in a Dentigerous Cyst (DC) like relationship. Extrafollicular AOT is an uncommon variant seen unassociated with impacted teeth. Rare cystic presentation is reported with most cases seen arising from or in association with DC. Here, the authors present a case of extrafollicular AOT in a 29-year-old Dravidian male, who reported with a chief complaint of swelling of lower anterior jaw region. Radiographically, a well-defined radiolucent lesion was noted extending from mesial aspect of the roots of right mandibular second molar, crossing the midline to involve the body of mandible till mesial aspect of lower left canine. There was evidence of cortical perforation. The lesion was excised and sent for histopathological evaluation. Histopathologically, the lesion was diagnosed as cystic AOT-extrafollicular variant. There was adequate healing and no signs of recurrence or residual disease were noted 18 months after the surgery. The present case is a unique presentation of cystic extrafollicular AOT with pictorial demonstration and detailed explanation of its pathogenesis.
The Design and Optimization of Fast-dissolving Oral Drug Delivery System (ODDS) of Valproic Acid (VLA) an Anti-epileptic Category Drug
Authors: Jha Devanand , Utwaliya Gagan Kumar , Sindhu Kumari , Kumari Shruti , Jha Rajnish , Vais Rashmi , Kumari Puja , Kumar Ravi Shankar , Yadav Archana , Kumar Rahul , Pandey Prachi , Pal Rahul , Tiwari Mayank Kumar , Khadam Vinay Kumar Rao
Published: February 2024

Objective: Develop and optimize a fast-dissolving oral drug delivery system (ODDS) for Valproic acid (VLA), an anti-epileptic drug, using Design of Experiments (DoE).
Methodology: DoE, a powerful tool for optimizing formulations, was employed to investigate the impact of various factors on the dissolution rate of VLA ODDS. Key factors studied included superdisintegrants (sodium starch glycolate, crospovidone), diluents (lactose, microcrystalline cellulose), and lubricants (magnesium stearate). A Box-Behnken design was used to create experimental runs, and the dissolution rate at 30 minutes was chosen as the response variable.
Results: The DoE analysis revealed significant interactions between factors affecting the dissolution rate. The formulation containing sodium starch glycolate, lactose, and low magnesium stearate concentration exhibited the fastest dissolution rate (Q30 > 85% in 10 minutes).
Conclusion: This study successfully designed and optimized a fast-dissolving ODDS for VLA using DoE. The optimized formulation offered rapid drug release, potentially improving patient compliance and therapeutic efficacy. This approach demonstrates the effectiveness of DoE in optimizing pharmaceutical formulations for enhanced performance. The findings indicated that the RSM was effectively utilized in developing valproic acid fast dispersible tablets, thus representing a significant progress in the treatment of epileptic seizures.
Pulmonary Involvement during Varicella in a Patient with Sickle Cell Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Thioub Daouda , Sarr Ndeye Amy , Kogwapa Christine Amengo , Mbaye Khardiata Diallo , Lakhe Ndeye Aïssatou , Badiane Aboubakar Sidikh , Ka Daye , Fall Ndeye Maguette , Cisse Viviane Marie Pierre , Seydi Moussa
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Pulmonary involvement during chickenpox is one of the most serious complications. However, it can be difficult to distinguish between varicella pneumonia, bacterial superinfection and an acute chest syndrome. We report a case of varicella complicated by pneumonia in a young adult with sickle cell disease.

Observation: It was a 24-year-old woman with sickle cell disease. Examination on admission revealed generalized skin lesions of varying ages, associated with scratching lesions. On day 3 of hospitalization, she presented an acute respiratory distress associated with fever (40°C). Thoracic CT angiography revealed diffuse pulmonary nodules and micronodules in both lung fields. Blood culture isolated Staphylococcus spp. The patient was put on oxygen therapy combined with antiviral treatment and antibiotic therapy. The course was marked by symptoms regression, with disappearance of respiratory distress on day 2 and apyrexia on day 3 of treatment. The follow-up chest CT scan carried out at month 4, came back normal.

Conclusion: Although pneumonia is one of the most common complications of varicella, it can be difficult to diagnose in patients with sickle cell disease, considering the frequency of pulmonary involvement of various etiologies
Economic and Yield Gap Analysis of High Yielding Ragi Varieties Under Rainfed Situations of Tiruvallur District of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Yogameenakshi P. , Vijayashanthi V. A. , Manimekalai R. , Tamilselvi C. , Arulprasad S. , Sivagamy K. , Sathish G. , Banumathy S.
Published: February 2024

Ragi is an important millet crop cultivated in about 82919 ha in Tamil Nadu and accounts for 77% of the total millet cultivated area. It is rich in protein, dietary fibre, minerals like calcium and iron and has been recommended for diabetes and heart diseases. Ragi is being cultivated in an area of 350ha in Tiruvallur district of Tamil Nadu and has a potential to be expanded in terms of cultivable area under this major rice growing district owing to the changing climatic situations. Farmers of the district could realize only low yields and gross returns due to cultivation of local varieties and non adoption of improved package of practices. Hence the present study was undertaken by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Tiruvallur situated in Tirur village in order to assess the performance of high yielding ragi varieties and to perform the yield gap and economic analysis under improved management practices and to motivate the farmers in cultivating high yielding ragi varieties. The improved varieties ML 365 and CO (Ra) 15 performed better than the local cultivar Balamani and gave higher yields, net returns and BC ratio. However the technology gap noticed under the demonstration could be abridged by improving the soil nutrient status and following improved package of practices. ML 365 recorded higher yield and returns and has high effective gain in comparison to CO (Ra) 15 and hence could be recommended for cultivation in Tiruvallur district.
Effect of Nitrogen Management through Nano Fertilizers on Growth, Yield Attributes and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Parameshnaik, C.  , Kalyana Murthy K. N.  , Hanumanthappa, D. C.  , Seenappa, C.  , Nanja Reddy, Y. A.  , Prakasha, H. C.
Published: February 2024

A field experiment was carried out during Kharif 2022-23 at Integrated Farming System demonstration unit, L-block, GKVK, Bengaluru, consisting 11 treatments replicated thrice and laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design. The treatments consisted of T1-(No nitrogen), T2-Nitrogen management as per package of practices (UASB), T3-50%RDN+foliar spray of nano-N at 30 and 50 DAS, T4-50%RDNP+ foliar spray of nano-NP at 30 and 50 DAS, T5-Foliar spray of only nano-N at 30, 50 and 70 DAS, T6-Foliar spray of only nano-NP at 30, 50 and 70 DAS, T7-25%RDN+foliar spray of nano-N at 30, 50 and 70 DAS, T8-25%RDNP+foliar spray of nano-NP at 30, 50 and 70 DAS, T9-100% RDN+NDVI based nano-N spray, T10-100% RDN+NDVI based nano-NP spray and T11-100% RDN+NDVI based conventional urea spray. The results revealed that application of 100%RDN+NDVI based nano-N spray recorded higher plant height (229.3 cm), number of leaves at 90 DAS (15.76), dry matter production (354.9 g plant-1), GreenSeeker reading at 30, 50 and at 70 DAS after spray (0.43, 0.58 and 0.73, respectively), cob length, cob girth and cob weight (20.5 cm, 5.49 cm and 201.9 g plant-1, respectively) and higher kernel and stover yield (7729 and 8948 kg ha-1, respectively)over other treatments and on it was par with 100% RDN+NDVI based conventional urea spray and 100% RDN + NDVI based nano NP spray.