bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of a Vibrotactile Vest for Contour Perception
Authors: Wu Juan , Zhang Jun , Yan Ju , Liu Wei , Song Guangming
Published: November 2012

A vibrotactile array is a promising human computer interface which could display graphical information to users in a tactile form. This paper presents the design and testing of an image contour display system with a vibrotactile array. The tactile image display system is attached to the back of the user. It converts visual graphics into 2D tactile images and allows subjects to feel the contours of objects through vibration stimulus. The system consists of a USB camera, 48 (6×8) vibrating motors and an embedded control system. The image is captured by the camera and the 2D contour is extracted and transformed into vibrotactile stimuli using a temporal-spatial dynamic coding method. Preliminary experiments were carried out and the optimal parameters of the vibrating time and duration were explored. To evaluate the feasibility and robustness of this vibration mode, letters were also tactilely displayed and the recognition rate about the alphabet letter display was investigated. It was shown that under the condition of no pre-training for the subjects, the recognition rate was 82%. Such a recognition rate is higher than that of the scanning mode (47.5%) and the improved handwriting mode (76.8%). The results indicated that the proposed method was efficient in conveying the contour information to the visually impaired by means of vibrations.
Optimal Foot Trajectory Planning of Bipedal Robots Based on a Measure of Falling
Authors: Kim Byoung-Ho
Published: November 2012

This paper presents a falling-based optimal foot trajectory planning method (FOFTP) for the effective walking of bipedal robots in three-dimensional space. Our primary concern is to determine the optimal footstep location for the more balanced walking of bipedal robots based on a measure of falling. A proper strategy for the intermediate trajectory of the swing foot is also considered. The feasibility of the FOFTP method is verified by a typical bipedal walking simulation. We also discuss the walking efficiency of the proposed approach. It is finally shown that the proposed foot trajectory planning method is applicable for the effective walking of bipeds or humanoid robots.
High Precision GNSS Guidance for Field Mobile Robots
Authors: Jurišica Ladislav , Duchoň František , Kaštan Dušan , Babinec Andrej
Published: November 2012

In this paper, we discuss GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) guidance for field mobile robots. Several GNSS systems and receivers, as well as multiple measurement methods and principles of GNSS systems are examined. We focus mainly on sources of errors and investigate diverse approaches for precise measuring and effective use of GNSS systems for real-time robot localization. The main body of the article compares two GNSS receivers and their measurement methods. We design, implement and evaluate several mathematical methods for precise robot localization.
Circular Polarized Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Portable RFID Reader Using a Single Feed
Authors: Malhat Hend A. , Zainud-Deen Saber H. , Awadalla Kamal H.
Published: November 2012

A new design of circular polarized elliptical dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with single feed for handheld radio frequency identification (RFID) reader is presented. The elliptical dielectric resonator antenna with an aspect ratio of 1.5 is used. This design has achieved 66.7 MHz impedance bandwidth (for S11 < –10 dB) by using material with dielectric constant material (εr = 12) in conjunction with coaxial probe feed in free space. The DRA models are simulated using two different numerical techniques, the finite element method and the finite integral technique. The numerical results of the two different computational methods approache are investigated and compared. The results are in good agreement within the desired frequency band, 5.65 GHz – 5.95 GHz. A model for a handheld RFID reader device including the elliptical DRA in the presence of human hand models is, also, investigated. The return loss is <10 dB over the frequency range of 5.49– 6.967 GHz resulting in frequency bandwidth of 1.47 GHz. A high front to back ratio and gain of 5.726dBi are obtained.
XRFID: Design of an XML Based Efficient Middleware for RFID Systems
Authors: Bhattacharya Indrajit , Gupta Amit Kumar , Roy Uttam Kumar
Published: November 2012

Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology can automatically and inexpensively track items as they are moved through the supply chain. This can automate the whole updating and management system, thereby making the system work with a much smaller workforce and reducing the error that can occur because of interference by human beings. One of the major advantages RFID provides is that it does not require direct physical contact with the objects and also does not require the object to be placed in its ‘Line-of-Sight’. This has given it an edge over other auto-identification systems, like bar-codes. The recent proliferation of RFID tags and readers would require dedicated and very efficient middleware solutions that manage readers and process the vast amount of captured data according to the need of various applications. RFID middleware is the software sitting in between various RFID readers and the enterprise applications. Extracting meaningful information out of huge amount of scan data is a challenging task. In this paper we like to analyze the requirements and propose a design for such an RFID middleware. This paper demonstrates how to enable the middleware to handle a large amount of RFID scan data and execute business rules in real-time. The conventional existing middleware solutions show dramatic degradation in their performance when the number of simultaneously working readers increases. Our proposed solution tries to recover from that situation also. One of the major issues for large scale deployment of RFID systems is the design of a robust and flexible middleware system to interface various applications to the RFID readers. Most of the existing RFID middleware systems are costly, bulky, non-portable and heavily dependent on the support software. Our work also provides flexibility for easy addition and removal of applications and hardware.
Description of Multichannel Amplification in Semiconductor Optical Amplifier
Authors: Kadhim Sadiq Jaafar , Hassan Ali Hadi , Yasser Hassan Abid
Published: November 2012

In this paper, a generalized equation of pulse propagation in semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) under the effects of four wave mixing (FWM) has been derived. This equation is applicable for any wavelength division multiplexing system in presence of both interband and intraband effects. The equation is solved numerically regarding the primary conditions of the problem considering the amplitudes of the sideband pulses at the entrance of SOA are zero. The gain of low frequency pulses will be higher than the gain of the high frequency pulses, as well as the gain difference between different pulses will be reduced with the increasing of frequency detuning. On the other hand, the effects of saturation and the asymmetric gain will control the mixing efficiency of the sideband pulses generated on the left and right of active pulses depending on the power of the input pulses and the frequency detuning.
A social network service LINKEDIN and INTERNET ADDICTION
Authors: Stojaković Milan , Stojaković Bogdan
Published: November 2012

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between LinkedIn users and Interned addiction (IA) bu Telepsychiatric service. LinkedIn is a social utility that connects people with friends and others who work, study and live aroun them by internet.METHODS: A total of 100 LinkedIn clients were studied with Free online telepsychiatric services. Internet Addiction Test (IAT) was used, by Telepsychiatric service, to assess state measures of symptrom severity. IAT, developed by DR. Kimberly Young, is a 20-item questionnaire that measures mild, moderate, and severe levels of Internet Addiction. First, we investigated LinkedIn users by internet. Second, we evaluated for their severity of Internet Addiction. Third, we investigated correlations between LinkedIN and Internet addiction use by IAT.RESULTS: Score: 10% clients without Internet Addiction; 20-49 points (mild IA) had been founded 25% clients; 50-79points (moderate IA) had been found at 29% clients (frequent problems with the Internet); 80-100 points (severe IA) had been found at 36% clients (significant problems with the Internet). Moderate and severe level of IA had been found at 65% clients (LinkedIn users).CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals a extremely significant association between Internet addiction and LinkedIn users (P< 0.0001). The data suggest the necessity of the continued examination off LinkedIn users, evaluation and follow-up evolution of IA by Telepsychiatric service.
MIRTAZAPIN U LIJEČENJU DEPRESIVNIH PACIJENATA
Authors: Vukadinoć Sanja , Stojaković Milan B. , Banjac Nada
Published: November 2012

UVOD: Depresija u psihijatriji pokriva veliko područje mentalne patologije i predstavlja jedan od najsloženijib medicinskib problema savremenc medicine, utiče na zdravlje pojedinca, ali i probleme druStva ii cjeiini. Mirtazapin je atipični antidepresiv sa alfa-2 adrenergičkim antagonizmom i blokirajućim djelovanjem na serotonin 5-HT2 i 5-HT3 receplore. tako da ima minimalno neželjeno djelovanje. C1IJ: U grupi pacijenata sa dijagnostikovanom depresijom ispitivano je djelovanje mirtazapina i pojavljivanje neželjertih efekata.MHTODE: Mirtazapin je primjenjivan 8 sedmica kod 22 pacijenta (12 žena i 10 muškaraca), u dnevnim dozama od 15 do 45 nig. Nivo depresivnosti je mjeren Hamilton skalom za procjenu depresije (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. HAMD), Pacijenafi koji su testirani ovom skalom bili su sa rekurenfnim depresivnim poremećajem, bipolamim afektivnim poremećajem i organ skim afektivnim poremećajem. Na poCetku lijeOenja minimalni zbir bio je 17 prema HAMD-21 (Hamiltonova skala za procjenu depresivnosti sa 21 stavkom) i ocjena veća od 2 na siavei 1 HAMD-21, Djelovanje mirtazapina je praćeno sedmično pomoću HAMD-21.REZULTATI: Manji zbir HAMD-21 uočen je vee nakon prve sedmiee liječenja i taj pad je nastavljen, da hi nakon 6 sedmica lijcčenja individualni HAMD-21 zbir hio izmedu 8 i 14. Nakon 8 sedmica liječenja individualni zbir HAMD-21 je bio izmedu 5 i 11 i kod većine ispitanika 50% manji od onog na početkis, Samo kod jednog ispitanika primjeeena je pospanost, a kod druga 2 porasi tjelesne mase. ZAK.LJUČAK: Mirtazapin u liječenju ispilivanih dijagnostičkih kategorija depresije, bez obzira na starost pacijenata ili postojanje komorbiditeia potvrduje visoku efikasnost već poslije nedelju dana lijeienja, Sto ga po uspjeSnosti izdvaja iz grupe do sada poznatih antidepresiva. Pacijemi ga podnose dobro, ima brzo terapijsko djelovanje, nema izražene interakcije sa drugim psihofarmacima, a neželjeni efekti blažeg intenziteta javljaju se kod malog broja pacijenata. Isknstva sa mirtazapinom ukazuju da je to siguran lijek hrzog djelovanja, koji se dobro podnosi.
DEPRESIVNI POREMEĆAJI КAО REPERKUSIJA MOBINGA
Authors: Selman N. , Stojaković Milan , Selman S.
Published: November 2012

Novija istraživanja i naučne studije pokazuju da su radno aktivne osoba u značajnom broju žrtve mobinga sa posljedicama na psihičko zdravlje i sa polimorfnom klimfikom simptomatologijom i smetnjama na porodičnosocijalnoj ravni funkcionisanja.CILJ: Osnovni eiij ovog istraživanja, koje je po svojoj strukluri klmička deskriptivno, bio jc uivrditi posljedice mobinga na psihičko stanje.MATERIJAL I METODE: Ukupan uzorak je 87 ispitanika. dobi od i K-65 godina. oba pola. radno akiivni. različitog socijalnog staiusa i kuimrološkili navika. Liječeni su radi različitih psiliijatrijskili sindroma sa zajednickim nazivnikom - mobingom. kao etiopatogeneiskim fakiorom, Od insinmienata istraživanja koriSteni su: Upitnik sociodemografskih podataka. Klasični psihijatrijski intervju. Beckova skala za samoproejenu depresije i Hamilton ova skala za depresiju (HAM-D).U radu su prikazana iskuslva. primjena i učinci razliCilih modela tretmana uz uključlvanje psihometrijskih instrumenata, testova t skala. Klijenti-ispitanici su dali svoj pristanak za učešće u istraživanju i iretmanu fenomena mobinga. REZULTATI: Ustanovljeno je da najveći broj ispitanika s mobingom ispoljava depresivne simptome, poiom anksiozne, a iza njih slijede ostali poremećajt.ZAKLJUCAK: Analiza rezultata istraživanja prcma socio-demografskim karakteristikama, vremenskom intervatu izložcnosti mobingu, koriStenim mjernim instrumentima, dijagnostičkim kategorijama i primjenjenim terapijskim mjerama potvrduje potrebu daljeg istraživanja i tretmana žrtava mobinga.
KOMPARATIVNA ANALIZA KOGNITIVNOG FUNKCIONISANJA I EMOCIONALNOG STATUSA PACIJENATA SA MOŽDANIM UDAROM I ANKSIOZNO DEPRESIVNIM POREMEĆAJIMA
Authors: Tupković Emir , Čiča Danijela , Klebić Jasmina , Mrkonjić Zamir , Softić Rusmir
Published: November 2012

UVOD: Poznato je da mnoge neurološke bolesti, uključujući i cerebrovaskularni inzult (CVI), dovode do porasta nivoa anksioznosti i depresivnosti, kao i smanjenja kognitivnog funkcionisanja.CILJ: je uporediti nivo kognitivnog funkcionisanja, anksioznosti, depresivnosti i beznadnosti pacijenata sa urednim neurološkim nalazom liječenih od CVI sa pacijentima liječenim od anksiozno depresivnog poremećaja (ADP).METODE: Analiziran je 71 pacijent (40 ili 56% žena) sa dijagnostifikovanim CVI i urednim neurološkim nalazom prosječne dobi 60+-8,9 godina, prosječnog perioda liječenja 2+-3,2 godine. Drugu grupu ispitanika je ćinilo 35 pacijenata (26 ili 74% žena) liječenih od ADP prosječne dobi 49,6+-12,3 godina sa prosječnim periodom liječenja 1,8 godina. U analizi su upotrijebljeni: Bekova skala anksioznosti (BAI), Bekova skala depresivnosti (BDI), Bekova skala beznadežnosti (BHS) i Mini pregled mentalnog statusa (MMS).REZULTATI: Prosječan nivo depresivnosti mjeren sa BDI CVI grupe je bio 21,8+-11,6, dok je u grupi sa ADP iznosio 27,1+-11,8, što je signifikantno više (p=0,0317). Prosječna stopa anksioznosti mjerena sa BAI ispitanika nakon CVI je iznosila 22+-10,7, dok je u grupi sa ADP iznosila signifikantno više (p=0,0111) odnosno 27,9+-12. Prosječan nivo beznadnosti u grupi sa CVI je bio7,4+-4,5, dok je u grupi sa ADP iznosio 7,1+-3,5, te nije bilo značajne razlike među grupama (p=0,7368). Prosječan nivo kognitivnog funkcionisanja mjeren sa MMS je iznosio 25,5+-2,9 u grupi pacijenata sa CVI, te 26,9+2,9, signifikantno više (p=0,030), u grupi pacijenata sa ADP.ZAKLJUČAK: Pacijenti liječeni od CVI sa urednim neurološkim statusom imaju evidentne kognitivne i emocionalne smetnje. Nivoi anksioznosti, depresivnosti, no i kognitivnog funkcionisanmja su signifikantno manji kod ove grupe ispitanika poređeno sa pacijentima liječenim od ADP. Ovo može imati uticaja na dalju dijagnostičku i terapijsku strategiju.
Risk of Non‐Hodgkin's Lymphoma in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Johnsen Svein J. , Brun Johan G. , Gøransson Lasse G. , Småstuen Milada C. , Johannesen Tom B. , Haldorsen Karstein , Harboe Erna , Jonsson Roland , Meyer Peter A. , Omdal Roald
Published: November 2012

Objective

Primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is associated with an increased risk of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), but the reported prevalence and risk vary considerably. The objective of this study was to determine the risk of NHL in a well‐defined population‐based primary SS cohort in Norway.

Methods

The authors examined all patients fulfilling the American–European Consensus Group criteria for primary SS from 2 Norwegian counties and compared the data to the Cancer Registry of Norway to identify the primary SS patients who had lymphoma. In addition, lymphoma patient files from the same period were reviewed for undiagnosed primary SS to ensure the quality of registry data.

Results

As of July 1, 2009, 443 living subjects with primary SS were identified in an area with 896,840 inhabitants, which is 18.6% of the total population of Norway. Seven cases of NHL (1.6%) were found during a total followup of 3,813 person‐years, resulting in a standardized incidence ratio of 9.0 (95% confidence interval 7.1–26.3) for NHL in primary SS patients.

Conclusion

The risk of NHL in patients with primary SS in Norway is increased 9 times compared with the general population. This is in accordance with recent studies, and the quality and completeness of the registries and strict use of diagnostic criteria support the validity of the results.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Chiral Phenylalanine Derivatives by a Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Corresponding Amide and Nitrile Substrates with a Multi‐Enzyme System
Authors: Yasukawa Kazuyuki , Asano Yasuhisa
Published: November 2012

Mutant α‐amino‐ε‐caprolactam (ACL) racemase (L19V/L78T) from Achromobacter obae with improved substrate specificity toward phenylalaninamide was obtained by directed evolution. The mutant ACL racemase and thermostable mutant D‐amino acid amidase (DaaA) from Ochrobactrum anthropi SV3 co‐expressed in Escherichia coli (pACLmut/pDBFB40) were utilized for synthesis of (R)‐phenylalanine and non‐natural (R)‐phenylalanine derivatives (4‐OH, 4‐F, 3‐F, and 2‐F‐Phe) by dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR). Recombinant E. coli with DaaA and mutant ACL racemase genes catalyzed the synthesis of (R)‐phenylalanine with 84% yield and 99% ee from (RS)‐phenylalaninamide (400 mM) in 22 h. (R)‐Tyrosine and 4‐fluoro‐(R)‐phenylalanine were also efficiently synthesized from the corresponding amide compounds. We also co‐expresed two genes encoding mutant ACL racemase and L‐amino acid amidase from Brevundimonas diminuta in E. coli and performed the efficient production of various (S)‐phenylalanine derivatives. Moreover, 2‐aminophenylpropionitrile was converted to (R)‐phenylalanine by DKR using a combination of the non‐stereoselective nitrile hydratase from recombinamt E. coli and mutant ACL racemase and DaaA from E. coli encoding mutant ACL racemase and DaaA genes.
Reductive Cyclization of Bromoenynamides with Alcohols as Hydride Source: Synthesis and Reactions of 2‐Amidodienes
Authors: Greenaway Rebecca L. , Campbell Craig D. , Chapman Helen A. , Anderson Edward A.
Published: November 2012

Under basic conditions in alcoholic solvents, bromoenynamides undergo palladium‐catalyzed cyclization to cyclic 2‐amidodienes in good to excellent yields. This process represents the first use of an alcohol as a hydride source in an alkyne carbopalladation/termination sequence, with the site selectivity of the reduction showing a strong dependence on the tethering ring size (5–8), and the nature of the alcohol and base. Reaction of the dienes with a range of dienophiles (including alkenes, alkynes and arynes) under various conditions gives bi‐ and tricyclic azacycles, which can be further oxidized to the aromatic azacycles.
Formic Acid: A Promising Bio‐Renewable Feedstock for Fine Chemicals
Authors: Mura Manuel G. , Luca Lidia De , Giacomelli Giampaolo , Porcheddu Andrea
Published: November 2012

In light of the growing scarcity of petroleum‐based raw materials, carbon dioxide (CO2) is becoming increasing attractive as organic carbon source. In this perspective, formic acid (HCOOH) might be an interesting bio‐renewable solution to store, transport, and activate carbon dioxide for the synthesis of value‐added chemicals. Herein, HCOOH has been successfully used as C1 building block for the synthesis of a library of alcohols via a catalysed oxo‐synthesis, under green experimental conditions.
The obstetric dilemma: An ancient game of Russian roulette, or a variable dilemma sensitive to ecology?
Authors: Wells Jonathan C.K. , DeSilva Jeremy M. , Stock Jay T.
Published: November 2012

The difficult birth process of humans, often described as the “obstetric dilemma,” is commonly assumed to reflect antagonistic selective pressures favoring neonatal encephalization and maternal bipedal locomotion. However, cephalo‐pelvic disproportion is not exclusive to humans, and is present in some primate species of smaller body size. The fossil record indicates mosaic evolution of the obstetric dilemma, involving a number of different evolutionary processes, and it appears to have shifted in magnitude between Australopithecus, Pleistocene Homo, and recent human populations. Most attention to date has focused on its generic nature, rather than on its variability between populations. We re‐evaluate the nature of the human obstetric dilemma using updated hominin and primate literature, and then consider the contribution of phenotypic plasticity to variability in its magnitude. Both maternal pelvic dimensions and fetal growth patterns are sensitive to ecological factors such as diet and the thermal environment. Neonatal head girth has low plasticity, whereas neonatal mass and maternal stature have higher plasticity. Secular trends in body size may therefore exacerbate or decrease the obstetric dilemma. The emergence of agriculture may have exacerbated the dilemma, by decreasing maternal stature and increasing neonatal growth and adiposity due to dietary shifts. Paleodemographic comparisons between foragers and agriculturalists suggest that foragers have considerably lower rates of perinatal mortality. In contemporary populations, maternal stature remains strongly associated with perinatal mortality in many populations. Long‐term improvements in nutrition across future generations may relieve the dilemma, but in the meantime, variability in its magnitude is likely to persist. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Raumklimatische Planungsgrundlagen für Klassenräume
Authors: Hellwig Runa Tabea
Published: November 2012

Bei der Sanierung von Schulen besteht nicht nur die Chance die Energieeffizienz der Schulgebäude zu erhöhen, sondern gleichzeitig auch das Raumklima in Klassenräumen im Vergleich zur derzeitigen Situation zu verbessern. Neben einer unzureichenden Raumluftqualität besonders während der Heizperiode, sind einige Klassenräume im Winter zu kalt und zu warm im Sommer. Auch die akustischen Verhältnisse sind in vielen Klassenräumen so, dass die Sprachverständlichkeit beeinträchtigt ist. Nach einer Beschreibung der Anforderungen und der Analyse der derzeitigen raumklimatischen Verhältnisse in Schulen werden Ansätze für die Optimierung der raumklimatischen Situation bereits bei der Planung von Neubauten oder bei einer Sanierung aufgezeigt. Auch durch ein verändertes Betreiben von Schulen kann die raumklimatische Situation verbessert werden.

Planning principles for indoor climate of classrooms. Retrofitting of school does not only offering the chance to improve the energy efficiency of school buildings but also to improve the indoor climate in classrooms in comparison with the current situation. Beside an insufficient indoor air quality especially during the heating period some classrooms are to cold in winter or to hot in summer. The acoustical properties of the classrooms reduce the speech intelligibility. After description of the indoor climate requirements and the analysis of the current indoor environmental conditions in school approaches to optimize the indoor climate already during planning stage of new buildings or buildings to retrofit. Also a modified behaviour when operating schools can lead to an improved indoor climate.
Untersuchung der Eignung verschiedener Fassaden für automatisierte Fensterlüftung in Schulen mit einem Entscheidungsbaumverfahren
Authors: Steiger Simone , Wellisch Ulrich , Hellwig Runa Tabea
Published: November 2012

Sollen Klassenräume über Fenster belüftet werden, kann dies über Stoßlüftung oder genau dosierte Dauerlüftung erfolgen. Messungen verschiedener Institutionen zeigen, dass die erforderliche regelmäßige Stoßlüftung in Schulen nicht praktiziert wird. Damit eine Dauerlüftung aber funktionieren kann, muss ermittelt werden, welcher Fenstertyp bei welcher Öffnungsweite bei behaglichen thermischen Verhältnissen im Raum den notwendigen Luftwechsel gewährleistet. Deshalb wurden an einem Freilandversuchsstand des Fraunhofer‐Instituts für Bauphysik Schwingflügel und Kippflügel auf ihre Eignung zur Dauerlüftung in Klassenräumen untersucht.

Da sich bei den vielen Einflussfaktoren auf die freie Lüftung die deskriptive Analyse oft als sehr schwierig erweist, wird ein besonderes statistisches Verfahren, ein Entscheidungsbaumverfahren verwendet, das sowohl hinsichtlich der Auswahl der Einflussgrößen und der Modellüberanpassung sehr günstige statistischmethodische Eigenschaften besitzt. Mit diesem Verfahren können Einflussgrößen mit unterschiedlichen Skalenniveaus adäquat in die Auswertung einbezogen werden. Dabei erhält man ein intuitiv interpretierbares Regelwerk, welches dem Anwender einen erklärenden Einblick in die Zusammenhangsstruktur des untersuchten Prozesses liefert.

Investigation of different façade systems regarding to their applicability for automated window ventilation in schools with a decision tree method. In classrooms, where ventilation is managed with windows two kinds of strategies can be used: short‐term ventilation or exactly regulated continuous ventilation. Results of measurements of different institutions show that the necessary regular short‐term airing in schools is not adhered to. For functional continuous ventilation in classrooms it is necessary to know, which type of window assures the required air change within comfortable thermal conditions and which opening width is necessary. In order to get this information the performance of pivoting windows and bottom‐hung windows is investigated at an outdoor test facility at the Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics.

Because of the difficulties in descriptive analysis of natural ventilation with its various influencing factors a specific statistical method, a decision tree method, is used. This method has pretty positive characteristics regarding the choice of influencing factors and the overfitting of the statistical model. With this method there can be implied influencing factors with different scale levels in an adequate way. The result of this method is an interpretable system of rules, which delivers an illustrative insight into the context pattern of the investigated process.
Chemopreventive and anti‐angiogenic effects of dietary phenethyl isothiocyanate in an N‐methyl nitrosourea‐induced breast cancer animal model
Authors: Aras Urvi , Gandhi Yash A. , Masso‐Welch Patricia A. , Morris Marilyn E.
Published: November 2012

The effect of phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), a component of cruciferous vegetables, on the initiation and progression of cancer was investigated in a chemically induced estrogen‐dependent breast cancer model. Breast cancer was induced in female Sprague Dawley rats (8 weeks old) by the administration of N‐methyl nitrosourea (NMU). Animals were administered 50 or 150 µmol/kg oral PEITC and monitored for tumor appearance for 18 weeks. The PEITC treatment prolonged the tumor‐free survival time and decreased the tumor incidence and multiplicity. The time to the first palpable tumor was prolonged from 69 days in the control, to 84 and 88 days in the 50 and 150 µmol/kg PEITC‐treated groups. The tumor incidence in the control, 50 µmol/kg, and 150 µmol/kg PEITC‐treated groups was 56.6%, 25.0% and 17.2%, while the tumor multiplicity was 1.03, 0.25 and 0.21, respectively. Differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05) from the control, but there were no significant differences between the two dose levels. The intratumoral capillary density decreased from 4.21 ± 0.30 vessels per field in the controls to 2.46 ± 0.25 in the 50 µmol/kg and 2.36 ± 0.23 in the 150 µmol/kg PEITC‐treated animals. These studies indicate that supplementation with PEITC prolongs the tumor‐free survival, reduces tumor incidence and burden, and is chemoprotective in NMU‐induced estrogen‐dependent breast cancer in rats. For the first time, it is reported that PEITC has anti‐angiogenic effects in a chemically induced breast cancer animal model, representing a potentially significant mechanism contributing to its chemopreventive activity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vom Nutzen des Augenblicks für die Projekte der Wissenschaft
Authors: Wulz Monika
Published: November 2012

Using the Instant for the Projects of Science. Focusing on Bachelard's books L'Intuition de l'instant (1932) and La dialectique de la durée (1936), the paper deals with Bachelard's discontinuous and serial concept of time that is formulated against Henri Bergson's concept of duration. With a view to the philosophical concept of monadology, to the theory of relativity, and to the contemporary psychological and neurological research, the paper points to the significance of the instant for Bachelard's concept of temporality, for his desubjectified concept of the individual as well as his discontinuous concept of matter. Moreoever, the paper explores the discontinuous conception of temporality in Bachelard's epistemological writings. The paper argues that Bachelard's discontinuous concept of the specific temporality of science is based on a fundamental discontinuity of reality of both physical as well as psychological processes.
Sustainable Development and the Financial System: Society's Perceptions About Socially Responsible Investing
Authors: Escrig‐Olmedo Elena , Muñoz‐Torres María Jesús , Fernández‐Izquierdo María Ángeles
Published: November 2012

The debate surrounding the financial needs of investors and the impact on society of investment is considered to be an important research topic due to the growth of socially responsible financial markets. The main objective of this research is to study society's perception about socially responsible investing (SRI) and to identify investor's preferences regarding environmental, social and governance criteria, their real‐life investment needs and the most relevant sustainable financial products.

To examine society's perception of SRI, we conducted a field survey among Spanish investors. The results show that SRI is at an early stage and Spanish investors need more exact information regarding social, environmental, and governance criteria in order to invest in socially responsible companies and products.

This paper offers some guidelines that could be used by Spanish institutions, managers and investors and by foreign managers when approaching the Spanish market, in order to promote the growth of socially responsible financial products. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Degradation Kinetics and Aqueous Degradation Pathway of Cloxacillin Sodium
Authors: Zhi M. , Wang J. , Wang Y. , Gong J. , Xie C.
Published: November 2012

The degradation kinetics of cloxacillin sodium (CS) under real production conditions was determined using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Degradation in methanol (MeOH) follows zero‐order kinetics. The introduction of water kept the degradation order but decreased the rate constant, while butyl acetate (BA) accelerated the degradation and shifted the kinetics to first order. In the MeOH/BA system, the pH‐dependent degradation rate generally increased when increasing the pH, except for a distinct drop at about pH 6.5. In aqueous solution, the effect of temperature was determined and the apparent activation energy of degradation was found to be 80.34 ± 5.88 kJ mol–1. The degradation products were analyzed using HPLC, mass spectrometry, and infrared spectroscopy, and a pathway toward cloxalloic acid via cloxacilloic acid as intermediate is proposed.
Active and Stable Ni‐MgO Catalyst Coated on a Metal Monolith for Methane Steam Reforming under Low Steam‐to‐Carbon Ratios
Authors: de Miguel N. , Manzanedo J. , Arias P. L.
Published: November 2012

A structured reaction system in the form of an Ni‐MgO catalyst reduced to nanoscale particle size and coated on a metallic monolith proved to be an active and stable system for methane steam reforming under a steam‐to‐carbon ratio of 1.5 and a temperature of 700 °C. The catalyst‐coated monolith exhibited higher stability and much higher CH4 conversion than the same catalyst in a catalyst particle bed reaction system. The high activity is attributed to the properties of the metal monolith and to the small size of the catalyst particles on the coating, while the stability is ascribed to the NiO‐MgO solid solution formed in the Ni‐MgO catalyst. These results are better than the corresponding ones obtained with a conventional Ni‐Al2O3 catalyst reported previously [1] and comparable to the ones presented in the literature, with the advantage of working under a low steam‐to‐carbon ratio.
Dissociation Kinetics of Open‐Chain and Macrocyclic Gadolinium(III)‐Aminopolycarboxylate Complexes Related to Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Catalytic Effect of Endogenous Ligands
Authors: Baranyai Zsolt , Pálinkás Zoltán , Uggeri Fulvio , Maiocchi Alessandro , Aime Silvio , Brücher Ernő
Published: November 2012

The kinetics of the metal exchange reactions between open‐chain Gd(DTPA)2− and Gd(DTPA‐BMA), macrocyclic Gd(DOTA)− and Gd(HP‐DO3A) complexes, and Cu2+ ions were investigated in the presence of endogenous citrate, phosphate, carbonate and histidinate ligands in the pH range 6–8 in NaCl (0.15 M) at 25 °C. The rates of the exchange reactions of Gd(DTPA)2− and Gd(DTPA‐BMA) are independent of the Cu2+ concentration in the presence of citrate and the reactions occur via the dissociation of Gd3+ complexes catalyzed by the citrate ions. The HCO3−/CO32− and H2PO4− ions also catalyze the dissociation of complexes. The rates of the dissociation of Gd(DTPA‐BMA), catalyzed by the endogenous ligands, are about two orders of magnitude higher than those of the Gd(DTPA)2−. In fact near to physiological conditions the bicarbonate and carbonate ions show the largest catalytic effect, that significantly increase the dissociation rate of Gd(DTPA‐BMA) and make the higher pH values (when the carbonate ion concentration is higher) a risk‐factor for the dissociation of complexes in body fluids. The exchange reactions of Gd(DOTA)− and Gd(HP‐DO3A) with Cu2+ occur through the proton assisted dissociation of complexes in the pH range 3.5–5 and the endogenous ligands do not affect the dissociation rates of complexes. More insights into the interaction scheme between Gd(DTPA‐BMA) and Gd(DTPA)2− and endogenous ligands have been obtained by acquiring the 13C NMR spectra of the corresponding diamagnetic Y(III)‐complexes, indicating the increase of the rates of the intramolecular rearrangements in the presence of carbonate and citrate ions. The herein reported results may have implications in the understanding of the etiology of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, a rare disease that has been associated to the administration of Gd‐containing agents to patients with impaired renal function.
ChemInform Abstract: Planarization of B7‐ and B12‐ Clusters by Isoelectronic Substitution: AlB6‐ and AlB11‐.
Authors: Romanescu Constantin , Sergeeva Alina P. , Li Wei‐Li , Boldyrev Alexander I. , Wang Lai‐Sheng
Published: November 2012

The structures and chemical bonding of AlB6‐ and AlB11‐ clusters are characterized by PES and DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Study of a Series of Layered Rare‐Earth Hydroxide Sulfates.
Authors: Geng Fengxia , Ma Renzhi , Matsushita Yoshitaka , Liang Jianbo , Michiue Yuichi , Sasaki Takayoshi
Published: November 2012

The structure of the new family of rare‐earth hydroxides Ln2(OH)4SO4·2H2O (Ln: Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb; preparation see CI 201102014) is determined by synchrotron powder XRD and SAED.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Photoluminescence Properties of Ce3+‐Doped Novel Silicon‐Oxynitride Ba4‐zMzSi8O20‐3xN2x (M: Mg, Ca, Sr).
Authors: Fang Y. , Li Y. Q. , Xie R. J. , Hirosaki N. , Takade T. , Li X. Y. , Qiu T.
Published: November 2012

The undoped and Ce3+‐doped title compounds are prepared by solid state reactions using Si3N4, SiO2, BaCO3, MgO, CaCO3, SrCO3, and CeO2 as starting materials (BN boat, 1050—1300 °C, N2/5% H2).
ChemInform Abstract: Room‐Temperature Ferromagnetism in Nitrogen‐Doped BaTiO3.
Authors: Tan Xingyi , Chen Changle , Jin Kexin , Luo Bingcheng
Published: November 2012

Nitrogen‐doped BaTiO3 is synthesized by solid state reaction of BaCO3 and TiO2 (1200 °C, 12 h) followed by sintering in NH3(67%)/Ar at 600 °C for 4 h.
ChemInform Abstract: New BaM2(SeO3)3·nH2O (M: Co, Ni, Mn, Mg; n ≈ 3) Zemannite‐Type Frameworks: Single Crystal Structures of BaCo2(SeO3)3·3H2O, BaMn2(SeO3)3·3H2O and BaMg2(SeO3)3·3H2O.
Authors: Johnston Magnus G. , Harrison William T. A.
Published: November 2012

The new isostructural title compounds crystallize in the hexagonal space group P63 with Z = 8.
ChemInform Abstract: K3Ln[OB(OH)2]2 [HOPO3]2 (Ln: Yb, Lu): Layered Rare‐Earth Dihydrogen Borate Monohydrogen Phosphates.
Authors: Kniep Ruediger , et al. et al.
Published: November 2012

The title compounds are hydrothermally synthesized from mixtures of Yb2O3 or LuCl3, K2B4O7, KH2PO4, HCl, and H2O (autoclave, pH 6—7, 453 K, 3—5 d).
ChemInform Abstract: The Complex Amide K2[Zr(NH2)6].
Authors: Kraus Florian , Baer Sebastian A. , Karttunen Antti J.
Published: November 2012

The title compound is synthesized by reaction of ZrF4 with elemental potassium dissolved in liquid NH3 (‐78 → ‐40 °C, 4 weeks).
ChemInform Abstract: Pentavalent and Tetravalent Uranium Selenides, Tl3Cu4USe6 and Tl2Ag2USe4: Syntheses, Characterization, and Structural Comparison to Other Layered Actinide Chalcogenide Compounds.
Authors: Bugaris Daniel E. , Choi Eun Sang , Copping Roy , Glans Per‐Anders , Minasian Stefan G. , Tyliszczak Tolek , Kozimor Stosh A. , Shuh David K. , Ibers James A.
Published: November 2012

Golden black single crystals of Tl3Cu4USe6 and long black needles of Tl2Ag2USe4 are prepared by reaction of the elements in excess TlCl at 1123 K for 7 d (yield 10 and 20 wt.%, resp.).
ChemInform Abstract: Orthomolybdates in the Cs—FeII,III—Mo—O System: Cs4Fe(MoO4)3, Cs2Fe2(MoO4)3 and CsFe5(MoO4)7.
Authors: Namsaraeva Touyana , Bazarov Bair , Mikhailova Daria , Kuratieva Natalia , Sarapulova Angelina , Senyshyn Anatoliy , Ehrenberg Helmut
Published: November 2012

Single crystals of the new title compounds are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of Cs2MoO4, FeO, Fe2O3, and MoO3 (evacuated silica tube, 823—1023 K, 20—30 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Two New Cerium Rhodium Oxides: Ce2/3‐xRh23+O4 (x ≈ 0.12) with Ce Mixed Valency and Ce4+Rh23+O5.
Authors: Mizoguchi Hiroshi , Zakharov L. N. , Bhuvanesh N. S. P. , Sleight A. W. , Subramanian M. A.
Published: November 2012

Single crystals of CeIVRhIII2O5 are grown from a mixture of CeO2 and Rh2O3 using a 2:1 mixture of PbO and V2O5 as a flux (alumina crucible, 1373 K, 10 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Aerobic Oxidation of α‐Hydroxy Acid Derivatives Catalyzed by Reusable, Polystyrene‐Supported Chiral N‐Salicyclidene Oxidovanadium tert‐Leucinates.
Authors: Salunke Santosh B. , Babu N. Seshu , Chen Chien‐Tien
Published: November 2012

The immobilized vanadium complex promotes the kinetic resolution of a number of α‐hydroxy acid derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of syn and anti 1,2‐Hydroxyalkyl Moieties by Cu‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation.
Authors: Fananas‐Mastral Martin , ter Horst Bjorn , Minnaard Adriaan J. , Feringa Ben L.
Published: November 2012

The reaction of allyl bromide (I) with Grignard reagents (II) in the presence of (+)‐TaniaPhos leads selectively to anti‐products (III), whilst the reaction in the presence of (‐)‐TaniaPhos gives rise to syn‐adducts (IV) as main diastereomer.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Nitro Compounds to α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones: An Experimental and Computational Study.
Authors: Manzano Ruben , Andres Jose M. , Alvarez Rosana , Muruzabal Maria D. , de Lera Angel R. , Pedrosa Rafael
Published: November 2012

The L‐valine based thiourea VTU catalyzes the reaction of nitromethane with chalcones with up to 90% enantioselectivities, whereas ketones such as (Ih)‐(Ij) give only low enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: (R)‐3,5‐diCF3‐SYNPHOS and (R)‐p‐CF3‐SYNPHOS, Electron‐Poor Diphosphines for Efficient Room Temperature Rh‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Arylboronic Acids.
Authors: Berhal Farouk , Esseiva Olivier , Martin Charles‐Henri , Tone Hitoshi , Genet Jean‐Pierre , Ayad Tahar , Ratovelomanana‐Vidal Virginie
Published: November 2012

Generally, higher yields and /or enantioselectivities are obtained with derivative (Ia).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some Novel Isoxazolyl Pyrimido[4,5‐d][1,3]‐thiazol‐7‐ones, Isoxazolyl‐2‐(4‐oxo‐4H‐1,3‐benzothiazin‐2‐yl)acetamides and Isoxazolyl Thiazolidinones from Isoxazolyl Cyanoacetamide Synthon.
Authors: Rajanarendar E. , Murthy K. Rama , Reddy M. Nagi , Reddy K. Govardhan
Published: November 2012

Several novel isoxazolyl‐substituted heterocycles are synthesized by classical condensation reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Alkylation of Amines with Alcohols Catalyzed by a Water‐Soluble Cp*Iridium Complex: An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Amines in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Kawahara Ryoko , Fujita Ken‐ichi , Yamaguchi Ryohei
Published: November 2012

The catalyst can be recycled and reused for at least three times with only a slight loss in activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Surfactant‐Free Synthesis of Palladium Nanoclusters for their Use in Catalytic Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Hyotanishi Megumi , Isomura Yuto , Yamamoto Hiroko , Kawasaki Hideya , Obora Yasushi
Published: November 2012

Palladium nanoclusters show high catalytic activity in Suzuki—Miyaura and Mizoroki—Heck cross‐coupling reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetrabutylammonium Fluoride (TBAF)‐Catalyzed Addition of Substituted Trialkylsilylalkynes to Aldehydes, Ketones, and Trifluoromethyl Ketones.
Authors: Chintareddy Venkat Reddy , Wadhwa Kuldeep , Verkade John G.
Published: November 2012

TBAF is found to be highly efficient for the title reaction providing a wide range of propargylic alcohols in good to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of SF5 Aromatics by Vicarious Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of Nitro(pentafluorosulfanyl)benzenes with Carbanions.
Authors: Beier Petr , Pastyrikova Tereza , Iakobson George
Published: November 2012

The reaction proceeds with high regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Allylation of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes with Allyltrichlorosilane Catalyzed by METHOX.
Authors: Malkov Andrei V. , Barlog Maciej , Jewkes Yvonne , Mikusek Jiri , Kocovsky Pavel
Published: November 2012

The title reaction provides a number of homoallylic alcohols with good to high enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Microwave‐Assisted Preparation of 2‐Bromo‐1‐alkenes from 1‐Alkynes Using the LiBr—TMSCl—TEAB Reagent System.
Authors: Bunrit Anon , Ruchirawat Somsak , Thongsornkleeb Charnsak
Published: November 2012

The hydrobromination of alkynes (I) proceeds in good yields and with high regioselectivity under the optimized reaction conditions to afford 2‐bromo‐1‐alkenes (II).
ChemInform Abstract: The Catalytic Addition of Alkyl Boranes to Alkynyl Esters Affording Single‐Isomer Trisubstituted Olefins.
Authors: Rajagopal Thivisha , Ogilvie William W.
Published: November 2012

Under optimized conditions, the process is stereo‐ and regioselective.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of 1‐Aminocyclopropanecarboxylic Acid Derivatives via Ylide Cyclopropanation of Dehydroamino Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Zhou Rui , Deng Xianming , Zheng Juncheng , Shen Qi , Sun Xiuli , Tang Yong
Published: November 2012

The title reaction can be used for the preparation of chiral and racemic 2‐substituted cyclopropane amino acids.
ChemInform Abstract: The First Example for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Allenes by the Doering—LaFlamme Allene Synthesis with Enantiopure Cyclopropylmagnesium Carbenoids.
Authors: Momochi Hitoshi , Noguchi Takafumi , Miyagawa Toshifumi , Ogawa Naoki , Tadokoro Makoto , Satoh Tsuyoshi
Published: November 2012

The three‐step approach to the allenes involves reaction of α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds with optically active sulfoxide (II) followed by reduction to give cyclopropane derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Free Defluorinative Alkylation of Allylic Difluorides Through Lewis Acid‐Mediated C—F Bond Activation.
Authors: Yanai Hikaru , Okada Haruna , Sato Azusa , Okada Midori , Taguchi Takeo
Published: November 2012

It is discovered that the reaction of trialkylaluminums with difluorohomoallyl alcohols proceeds in the absence of Cu‐catalysts when dichloromethane is used as the solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Iron/Copper‐Cocatalyzed N‐Arylation of Arylamines with Bromoarenes.
Authors: Liu Xiaoyan , Zhang Songlin
Published: November 2012

The methodology can be efficiently applied to various aryl amines, benzylamine, and different N‐heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Base‐Catalyzed, Three‐Component Coupling of Aldehydes, Terminal Aryl Acetylenes, and Amines: Application to Synthesis of Propargylamines.
Authors: Patil Sachin S. , Patil Sachin V. , Bobade Vivek D.
Published: November 2012

Tetrabutylammonium hydroxide is reported as a useful promoter for the reaction of aldehydes, which can be carried out without a transition metal catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Copper‐Catalyzed Propargylic Substitution: Synthetic Scope Study and Application in Formal Total Syntheses of (+)‐Anisomycin and (‐)‐Cytoxazone.
Authors: Detz Remko J. , Abiri Zohar , le Griel Remi , Hiemstra Henk , van Maarseveen Jan H.
Published: November 2012

A variety of propargylic esters is converted into the amine counterparts by reaction with primary or secondary amines in the presence of a Cu(I)/chiral pyridine bisoxazoline catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Silica Chloride Nano Particle Catalyzed Ring Opening of Epoxides by Aromatic Amines.
Authors: Karimian Ramin , Piri Farideh , Karimi Babak , Moghimi Abolghasem
Published: November 2012

Depending on the oxirane products of type (III) or regioisomers of type (VII) are obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorous Tagging of DABCO Through Halogen Bonding: Recyclable Catalyst for the Morita—Baylis—Hillman Reaction.
Authors: Dordonne Sophie , Crousse Benoit , Bonnet‐Delpon Daniele , Legros Julien
Published: November 2012

The halogen‐bonded adduct between DABCO and two molecules of perfluorooctyl iodide efficiently promotes the Morita—Baylis—Hillmann reaction under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: A PEG1000‐DAIL[CdCl3]‐Toluene Temperature‐Dependent Biphasic System that Regulates Homogeneously Catalyzed C—O Coupling of Organic Halides with Phenols and Alcohols under Ligand‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Hu Yu Lin , Ma Xiao Yun , Lu Ming
Published: November 2012

The product can be easily separated by decantation and the catalytic system can be recycled and reused without loss of catalytic activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Novel N‐Formylhydroxylamine Derivatives as PDF Inhibitors.
Authors: Yin L. , Jia J. , Zhao G. L. , Xu W. R. , Tang L. D. , Wang J. W.
Published: November 2012

Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation are given.
ChemInform Abstract: Aerobic Oxidation of Secondary Benzylic Alcohols and Direct Oxidative Amidation of Aryl Aldehydes Promoted by Sodium Hydride.
Authors: Wang Xinbo , Wang David Zhigang
Published: November 2012

Oxidation of (het)aromatic secondary alcohols (I) and (IV) proceeds smoothly under the action of air/oxygen and NaH to give the corresponding ketones (II) and (V), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Comprehensive and Facile Entry into Substituted Amidines via the Condensation of N‐Pmc‐Substituted Thioamides with Amines Using Mukaiyama Reagent as a Thiophile.
Authors: Flemer Stevenson , Madalengoitia Jose S.
Published: November 2012

A novel methodology for the synthesis of substituted amides is presented using The condensation step can be followed by removal of the protecting group i the presence of formic acid or TFA.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Dehydration of Aldoximes to Nitriles Catalyzed by a Lewis Acid Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Nakajima Mizuki , Qiao Kun , Kobayashi Nobuhisa , Bao Quanxi , Tomida Daisuke , Yokoyama Chiaki
Published: November 2012

An ionic liquid with Lewis acid sites in anion and cation is synthesized and shown to be an effective catalyst for the conversion of aliphatic and aromatic aldoximes (I) into the corresponding nitriles (II).