bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SBAS ionospheric grid delay estimation based on ionospheric tomography: a case study on September 7–9, 2017
Authors: Yin Ping , Shi Shengran , Ren Dandan
Published: June 2022

In Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems (SBASs), e.g., the US Wide-Area Augmentation System (WAAS), the planar method and the kriging method based on the thin-shell model have been used to estimate the ionospheric grid delay (IGD). Generally, the kriging method can achieve higher accuracy than the planar method. In comparison with the thin-shell model, ionospheric tomography overcomes the limitations of the 2D ionospheric delay modeling and can realize 3D or even 4D ionospheric electron density reconstructions, especially suitable over disturbed periods. For the first time by virtue of electron density inversions, a tomographic method and a kriging-combined tomographic method are proposed innovatively to apply for estimating IGDs over part of the WAAS region using 32 ground stations during ionospheric disturbances on September 7–9, 2017. Then, independent dual-frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) data at six stations are applied to validate estimated IGD results from these four methods. It is shown that the overall errors of the planar method, the kriging method, the tomographic method, and the kriging-combined tomographic method over 3 days are decreased one by one, while errors using the latter two methods are quite similar. When focusing on the strong disturbed times, the latter two tomographic methods can obtain more accurate IGD than the former two methods based on the thin shell model. Tomographic total electron content (TEC) maps over the study area are also reconstructed to help analyze the underlying mechanism at different stations. It is also noted that the kriging-combined tomography has little improvement in IGD estimates in comparison with the tomographic method alone during strong ionospheric disturbances.
Drilling and Grouting Works for Pressurised Groundwater Conditions of the Semmering Base Tunnel
Authors: Wannenmacher Helmut , Entfellner Manuel , Hauer Hannes
Published: June 2022

The Semmering Base Tunnel (SBT), with a total length of 27.3 km, is one of the leading construction projects of the Baltic-Adriatic Railway Network. The tunnel connects the two federal provinces of Lower Austria and Styria and cuts through the eastern part of the Alps. The construction lot SBT 1.1-Tunnel Gloggnitz is characterized by a complex geological- and hydro-geological architecture containing alternating competent geological structures, major fault zones, and corresponding geological transition zones. There are three main water-bearing formations at the construction lot SBT 1.1: (a) Karst-prone blocky limestone with an initial water pressure of 10 bar. The discontinuities form a highly permeable interconnected joint network with a significant storage coefficient of the groundwater table. (b) Massive to blocky dolomite with an initial water pressure of 25 bar. The systematic discontinuities and disturbed zones of subsidiary structures with karst form a permeable, interconnected joint network. (c) The transition zone of the limestone to base structure marks the most challenging area for consolidation- and sealing grouting. Weak fault rocks characterize transition zones with intense fracturing. However, as subjected to high groundwater pressure of 10 bar, these zones are associated with the potential of flowing ground conditions. Based on the overall project requirements, specific drilling- and grouting methods and materials for pre-excavation grouting have been established and successfully implemented in the construction process. The innovations include a Standpipe-Packer substituting a conventional steel standpipe, a specifically cased drilling system with grouting inserts to prevent erosion within the borehole and allow for defined grouting. In addition, this Grouting-Pipe system replaces standard tube-à-manchettes and controls the flushing while drilling with preventers. Finally, a combined cement-polyurethane grout mix (Hybrid Grout) was implemented to stabilize the grout. The implementation of these measures will be discussed in detail, and their benefits to the construction process will be highlighted.
The role of moment-to-moment dynamics of perceived stress and negative affect in co-occurring ADHD and internalising symptoms
Authors: Speyer Lydia Gabriela , Brown Ruth Harriet , Ribeaud Denis , Eisner Manuel , Murray Aja Louise
Published: June 2022

A maladaptive response to stress in individuals with high ADHD traits may be a key factor explaining co-occurring ADHD symptoms and internalising problems. The current study investigates whether between-person differences in ADHD traits are associated with differences in the within-person moment-to-moment coupling of stress and negative affect; and whether these can explain between-person differences in internalising problems (N = 262, median-age 20). Results of a dynamic structural equation model indicated that between-person differences in ADHD traits significantly moderated the daily life coupling between stress and negative affect. Further, higher ADHD traits were associated with stronger stress carry-over and higher mean levels of negative affect. Stress carry-over and mean levels of negative affect mediated the association between ADHD traits and internalising problems.
Beliefs, Self-reported or Performance-Assessed TPACK: What Can Predict the Quality of Technology-Enhanced Biology Lesson Plans?
Authors: von Kotzebue Lena
Published: June 2022

Digital technologies have the potential to increase the quality of instruction; however, using digital technologies does not necessarily guarantee high-quality teaching. Therefore, teachers need specific professional knowledge on how to use and implement digital technologies. Moreover, teachers need to know how beliefs about learning with digital technologies impact their teaching. Usually, knowledge and beliefs are assessed via self-report measures and in a subject-unspecific and isolated manner. The present study assesses biology-specific professional knowledge on the use of digital technologies (self-report and performance assessed) and beliefs together. Furthermore, these constructs were related to the quality of lesson plans on honeybees and analysed. Eighty-two biology teacher students from an Austrian university participated in the study. A path model revealed that self-assessed professional knowledge on the use of digital technologies was not a significant predictor of lesson planning quality. In contrast, performance-assessed knowledge and–to some extent–beliefs are significant predictors of the quality of lesson plans with technology integration. Thus, self-report measures on their own do not sufficiently predict the ability to engage in high-quality technology integration in the classroom.
Spectroscopic imaging of D-2-hydroxyglutarate and other metabolites in pre-surgical patients with IDH-mutant lower-grade gliomas
Authors: Autry Adam W. , Lafontaine Marisa , Jalbert Llewellyn , Phillips Elizabeth , Phillips Joanna J. , Villanueva-Meyer Javier , Berger Mitchel S. , Chang Susan M. , Li Yan
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Prognostically favorable IDH-mutant gliomas are known to produce oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG). In this study, we investigated metabolite-based features of patients with grade 2 and 3 glioma using 2HG-specific in vivo MR spectroscopy, to determine their relationship with image-guided tissue pathology and predictive role in progression-free survival (PFS).

Methods

Forty-five patients received pre-operative MRIs that included 3-D spectroscopy optimized for 2HG detection. Spectral data were reconstructed and quantified to compare metabolite levels according to molecular pathology (IDH1R132H, 1p/19q, and p53); glioma grade; histological subtype; and T2 lesion versus normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) ROIs. Levels of 2HG were correlated with other metabolites and pathological parameters (cellularity, MIB-1) from image-guided tissue samples using Pearson’s correlation test. Metabolites predictive of PFS were evaluated with Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

Quantifiable levels of 2HG in 39/42 (93%) IDH+ and 1/3 (33%) IDH– patients indicated a 91.1% apparent detection accuracy. Myo-inositol/total choline (tCho) showed reduced values in astrocytic (1p/19q-wildtype), p53-mutant, and grade 3 (vs. 2) IDH-mutant gliomas (p < 0.05), all of which exhibited higher proportions of astrocytomas. Compared to NAWM, T2 lesions displayed elevated 2HG+ γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)/total creatine (tCr) (p < 0.001); reduced glutamate/tCr (p < 0.001); increased myo-inositol/tCr (p < 0.001); and higher tCho/tCr (p < 0.001). Levels of 2HG at sampled tissue locations were significantly associated with tCho (R = 0.62; p = 0.002), total NAA (R = − 0.61; p = 0.002) and cellularity (R = 0.37; p = 0.04) but not MIB-1. Increasing levels of 2HG/tCr (p = 0.0007, HR 5.594) and thresholding (≥ 0.905, median value; p = 0.02) predicted adverse PFS.

Conclusion

In vivo 2HG detection can reasonably be achieved on clinical scanners and increased levels may signal adverse PFS.
Pandemetrics: systematically assessing, monitoring, and controlling the evolution of a pandemic
Authors: Barone Stefano , Chakhunashvili Alexander
Published: June 2022

The still ongoing pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 disease, affecting the population worldwide, has demonstrated the need of more accurate methodologies for assessing, monitoring, and controlling an outbreak of such devastating proportions. Authoritative attempts have been made in traditional fields of medicine (epidemiology, virology, infectiology) to address these shortcomings, mainly by relying on mathematical and statistical modeling. However, here, we propose approaching the methodological work from a different, and to some extent alternative, standpoint. Applied systematically, the concepts and tools of statistical engineering and quality management, developed not only in healthcare settings, but also in other scientific contexts, can be very useful in assessing, monitoring, and controlling pandemic events. We propose a methodology based on a set of tools and techniques, formulas, graphs, and tables to support the decision-making concerning the management of a pandemic like COVID-19. This methodological body is hereby named Pandemetrics. This name intends to emphasize the peculiarity of our approach to measuring, and graphically presenting the unique context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
MicroRNA and Diabetic Bone Disease
Authors: Daamouch Souad , Emini Lejla , Rauner Martina , Hofbauer Lorenz C.
Published: June 2022

Purpose of Review

The incidence of diabetes is increasing worldwide. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia, which in the long-term damages the function of many organs including the eyes, the vasculature, the nervous system, and the kidneys, thereby imposing an important cause of morbidity for affected individuals. More recently, increased bone fragility was also noted in patients with diabetes. While patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) have low bone mass and a 6-fold risk for hip fractures, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have an increased bone mass, yet still display a 2-fold elevated risk for hip fractures. Although the underlying mechanisms are just beginning to be unraveled, it is clear that diagnostic tools are lacking to identify patients at risk for fracture, especially in the case of T2DM, in which classical tools to diagnose osteoporosis such as dual X-ray absorptiometry have limitations. Thus, new biomarkers are urgently needed to help identify patients with diabetes who are at risk to fracture.

Recent Findings

Previously, microRNAs have received great attention not only for being involved in the pathogenesis of various chronic diseases, including osteoporosis, but also for their value as biomarkers.

Here, we summarize the current knowledge on microRNAs and their role in diabetic bone disease and highlight recent studies on miRNAs as biomarkers to predict bone fragility in T1DM and T2DM. Finally, we discuss future directions and challenges for their use as prognostic markers.
A systematic review of neural, cognitive, and clinical studies of anger and aggression
Authors: Richard Yuliya , Tazi Nadia , Frydecka Dorota , Hamid Mohamed S. , Moustafa Ahmed A.
Published: June 2022

Anger and aggression have large impact on people’s safety and the society at large. In order to provide an intervention to minimise aggressive behaviours, it is important to understand the neural and cognitive aspects of anger and aggression. In this systematic review, we investigate the cognitive and neural aspects of anger-related processes, including anger-related behaviours and anger reduction. Using this information, we then review prior existing methods on the treatment of anger-related disorders as well as anger management, including mindfulness and cognitive behavioural therapy. At the cognitive level, our review that anger is associated with excessive attention to anger-related stimuli and impulsivity. At the neural level, anger is associated with abnormal functioning of the amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. In conclusions, based on cognitive and neural studies, we here argue that mindfulness based cognitive behavioural therapy may be better at reducing anger and aggression than other behavioural treatments, such as cognitive behavioural therapy or mindfulness alone. We provide key information on future research work and best ways to manage anger and reduce aggression. Importantly, future research should investigate how anger related behaviours is acquired and how stress impacts the development of anger.
Intrinsic Heat Treatment of an Additively Manufactured Medium Entropy AlCrFe2Ni2-Alloy
Authors: Rittinghaus Silja-Katharina , Ali Amr , Hecht Ulrike
Published: June 2022

The alloy AlCrFe2Ni2, known as medium entropy alloy (MEA, ∆S/R ~ 1.33) was processed using Laser Direct Energy Deposition (L-DED). The alloy is designed to develop a Widmanstätten type duplex microstructure following a solid state phase transformation which is controlled by the cooling rate. During L-DED this transformation is hardly accomplished, commonly calling for a post-build heat treatment. For the first time, an intrinsic laser-based heat treatment was applied to promote this phase transformation in the Additively Manufactured HEA in a layer by layer approach. Process parameters for the intrinsic heat treatment were varied and investigated in terms of temperature–time cycles, cooling rates and penetration depth. The microstructure of as-built and differently heat-treated samples was investigated. In the as-built condition, the duplex structure consist mainly of ordered and disordered bcc phase and a small fraction of thin fcc-plates (40%). It was found that the fcc phase fraction can be significantly increased up to 58% by applying an intrinsic heat treatment. The heat treatment involves nucleation of new fcc plates as well as thickening of the existing plates. The process-related inhomogeneity of the microstructure resulting from heat affected zones at melt pool boundaries is not eliminated due to the short interaction times. In contrast to the conventional post-process heat treatment at 900 °C for 6 h, the microhardness is not significantly reduced during intrinsic heat treatment and remains in the range of 400 HV0.3. Intrinsic heat treatment is however beneficial, since it can be applied selectively. Thus, it offers novel possibilities for surface cladding applications.

Graphical Abstract
The Anti-Egoist Perspective in Business Ethics and its Anti-Business Manifestations
Authors: Svanberg Marja K. , Svanberg Carl F. C.
Published: June 2022

This article identifies the moral premises of contemporary business ethics. After analyzing thirty business ethics texts, the article shows that many business ethicists hold the conventional view that being moral is altruistic. This altruistic perspective logically implies a negative evaluation of self-interest and the profit motive, and business. As a result, the prevailing attitude in mainstream business ethics is that without altruistic restraints businesspeople are inclined to lie, steal, and cheat, not create and earn wealth through honest production and voluntary trade. Therefore, the central concern in current business ethics is to curb businesspeople morally, not to empower them in their self-interested desire to make money. In the final analysis, the article shows how the anti-egoist assumptions manifest themselves in a moral prejudice against business, leading to a biased, unfair, and misleading account of the business world.
A Survey of Cross-lingual Sentiment Analysis: Methodologies, Models and Evaluations
Authors: Xu Yuemei , Cao Han , Du Wanze , Wang Wenqing
Published: June 2022

Cross-lingual sentiment analysis (CLSA) leverages one or several source languages to help the low-resource languages to perform sentiment analysis. Therefore, the problem of lack of annotated corpora in many non-English languages can be alleviated. Along with the development of economic globalization, CLSA has attracted much attention in the field of sentiment analysis and the last decade has seen a surge of researches in this area. Numerous methods, datasets and evaluation metrics have been proposed in the literature, raising the need for a comprehensive and updated survey. This paper fills the gap by reviewing the state-of-the-art CLSA approaches from 2004 to the present. This paper teases out the research context of cross-lingual sentiment analysis and elaborates the following methods in detail: (1) The early main methods of CLSA, including those based on Machine Translation and its improved variants, parallel corpora or bilingual sentiment lexicon; (2) CLSA based on cross-lingual word embedding; (3) CLSA based on multi-BERT and other pre-trained models. We further analyze their main ideas, methodologies, shortcomings, etc., and attempt to reach a conclusion on the coverage of languages, datasets and their performance. Finally, we look into the future development of CLSA and the challenges facing the research area.
Biocircularity: a Framework to Define Sustainable, Circular Bioeconomy
Authors: Holden Nicholas M. , Neill Andrew M. , Stout Jane C. , O’Brien Derek , Morris Michael A.
Published: June 2022

Bioeconomy is proposed as a solution to reduce reliance on fossil resources. However, bioeconomy is not always inherently circular and can mimic the conventional take, make, consume, dispose linear economic model. Agricultural systems will be relied on to provide food, materials, and energy, so unless action is taken, demand for land will inevitably exceed supply. Bioeconomy will have to embrace circularity to enable production of renewable feedstocks in terms of both biomass yield and maintaining essential natural capital. The concept of biocircularity is proposed as an integrated systems approach to the sustainable production of renewable biological materials focusing on extended use, maximum reuse, recycling, and design for degradation from polymers to monomers, while avoiding the “failure” of end of life and minimizing energy demand and waste. Challenges are discussed including sustainable production and consumption; quantifying externalities; decoupling economic growth from depletion; valuing natural ecosystems; design across scales; renewable energy provision; barriers to adoption; and integration with food systems. Biocircularity offers a theoretical basis and measures of success, for implementing sustainable circular bioeconomy.
Effectiveness of group investigation versus lecture-based instruction on students’ concept mastery and transfer in social studies
Authors: Gyimah Godwin
Published: June 2022

The study examined the effectiveness of group investigation versus lecture-based instruction on students’ concept mastery and transferability in social studies learning. The researcher used an experimental design to randomly assign 116 eighth-grade students into control and experimental groups. The control and experimental group had 58 students, respectively. The researcher exposed the control group to lecture-based instruction through an oral presentation led by an instructor. On the other hand, students in the group investigation approach were grouped into groups of 6 and asked to investigate, think, discuss, and share their ideas on the topic with the class of 56 students. As the researcher hypothesized, the experimental group that the instructor exposed to the group investigation method that required learners to be active, plan, discuss, question, investigate a given topic, think, inquire, and present their findings to the class significantly outperformed the control group where learners mainly were passive listeners, on both concept mastery and transferability. Therefore, a significant difference exists between the lecture-based approach and group investigation towards promoting concept mastery and transfer performance among eighth-grade students. Based on the study results, the researcher recommends that eighth-grade social studies instructors adopt the group investigation method since it keeps learners active and also enhances transfer and concept mastery.
Gender and Intersectionality in Business and Human Rights Scholarship
Authors: Handl Melisa N , Seck Sara L , Simons Penelope
Published: June 2022

In this article, we explore what intersectionality, as an analytic tool, can contribute to business and human rights (BHR) scholarship. To date, few BHR scholars have explicitly engaged in intersectional analysis. While gender analysis of BHR issues remains crucial to expose inequality in business activity, we argue that engagement with intersectionality can enrich and support this and other BHR scholarship. Intersectional approaches allow us to move beyond single-axis analysis, contest simplistic representations about gender issues and expose the complexity of human relations. It draws our attention to structures that sustain disadvantage such as racism, colonialism, social and economic marginalization and systematic discrimination. Moreover, intersectionality emphasizes the need to centre the contributions of those who have been marginalized. It can be used to challenge the legitimacy of the state and support subaltern, decolonized or postcolonial, including indigenous, perspectives. Adopting an intersectional approach can help problematize the neoliberal capitalist system and its constructs, in which the BHR normative framework is embedded, calling into question the reification of economic growth and its impact on individuals, communities and the planet. We must, however, remain cautious of attempts to co-opt intersectionality in the service of neoliberalism and remain conscious of our own privilege and discursive practices.
Beyond the Comandantes: Revolutions and Revolutionaries since 1959
Authors: Young Kevin A.
Published: June 2022

This essay reviews the following works:

The Revolution from Within: Cuba, 1959–1980. Edited by Michael J. Bustamante and Jennifer L. Lambe. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2019. Pp. viii + 332. $28.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781478002963.

The Guerrilla Legacy of the Cuban Revolution. By Anna Clayfield. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2019. Pp. xii + 204. $85.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781683400899.

Exile within Exiles: Herbert Daniel, Gay Brazilian Revolutionary. By James N. Green. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2018. Pp. xv + 322. $27.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781478000860.

Desafiando los poderes: Acción colectiva y frentes de masas en El Salvador (1948–1980). By Luis R. Huezo Mixco. San Salvador: Dirección Nacional de Investigaciones en Cultura y Arte de la Secretaría de Cultura de la Presidencia en colaboración con la Editorial Universidad Gerardo Barrios, 2017. Pp. 330. Paperback. ISBN: 9789996160509.

The Zapatista Movement and Mexico’s Democratic Transition: Mobilization, Success, and Survival. By María Inclán. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018. Pp. xvi + 166. $78.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780190869465.

Cuban Revolution in America: Havana and the Making of a United States Left, 1968–1992. By Teishan A. Latner. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2018. Pp. xiv + 351. $39.95 hardcover. ISBN: 9781469635460.

Beyond the Vanguard: Everyday Revolutionaries in Allende’s Chile. By Marian E. Schlotterbeck. Oakland: University of California Press, 2018. Pp. xiv + 234. $34.85 paperback. ISBN: 9780520298064.

La revolución cubana en nuestra América: El internacionalismo anónimo. By Luis Suárez Salazar and Dirk Kruijt. Havana: Ruth Casa Editorial, 2015. $10.20 e-book. ISBN: 9789962703167.
¿Cuán “global” es la formación en literatura? El caso de Argentina
Authors: Saferstein Ezequiel , Levitt Peggy
Published: June 2022

Desde formas y latitudes distintas, existen llamamientos a la globalización de la educación superior. Pero, ¿qué es lo que realmente se pide? Este artículo examina los programas de enseñanza de teoría y crítica literaria de Argentina, un país históricamente atravesado por el pensamiento europeo, con una sólida producción académica. Encontramos que los programas priorizan la producción nacional y una selección de obras internacionales, con inclinación hacia el pensamiento francés. Estos resultados se explican por la ecología institucional y la distribución intelectual del trabajo entre las instituciones más antiguas y prestigiosas que se centran en el ámbito nacional y las más recientes, con mayor inclinación internacional. También se explican por el peso de la traducción, que permite mayor acceso a materiales. Además, encontramos bibliografía realizada por fuera de América Latina, Europa y Estados Unidos, de académicos globalizados que dejaron sus países de origen para estudiar en Europa y Estados Unidos.
Utopía y política en el pensamiento científico latinoamericano de la segunda mitad del siglo XX: La contribución de Oscar Varsavsky
Authors: Castro Martinez Christian J.
Published: June 2022

Este artículo explora el concepto de “utopías realistas” del químico argentino Oscar Varsavsky. Mientras la mayoría de las interpretaciones del trabajo de Varsavsky recuperan sus aportaciones a los estudios de ciencia y tecnología en América Latina, aquí se argumenta que su idea de “estilo científico” forma parte de un marco teórico más amplio. De este modo, la discusión se enfoca en el uso que el autor dio a las ciencias nuevas y al enfoque de sistemas para adaptarlos al proyecto liberador de las utopías realizables. Inicialmente se problematiza el eclecticismo teórico de Varsavsky y su redefinición ideológica ante el fenómeno intelectual argentino de los años sesenta y setenta; después se discute su idea de utopías realizables e ingeniería utópica articulada a la noción de poder y cambio social; finalmente, se exponen los conceptos de racionalidad pueblocéntrica y estilos sociales.
The Influence of Pinochet on the Chilean Miracle
Authors: Escalante Edwar E.
Published: June 2022

This article analyzes the impact of Augusto Pinochet’s autocracy on the Chilean economy. The study compares outcomes under Pinochet’s leadership with those in a synthetic counterfactual made of a weighted average of countries with similar characteristics. It finds that, relative to the control, Chilean income per capita greatly underperformed for at least the first fifteen years after Pinochet’s coup. The results are robust to extending the pool of donor countries and expanding the pretreatment period by switching data sets to capture potential heterogeneity of effects. The evidence suggests that Chile’s remarkable economic growth during the period 1985–1997 did not depend on Pinochet’s autocracy. These results further bring into question the effectiveness of the regime to enhance economic growth and the narrative of the Chilean miracle.
Salinity levels affect the lysine nutrient requirements and nutrient metabolism of juvenile genetically improved farmed tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Shao Ming , Xu Hao , Ge Xianping , Zhu Jian , Huang Dongyu , Ren Mingchun , Liang Hualiang
Published: June 2022

This 62-d research aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary lysine levels (DLL) and salinity on growth performance and nutrition metabolism of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) juveniles (Oreochromis niloticus). Six diets with lysine supplementation (1·34, 1·70, 2·03, 2·41, 2·72 and 3·04 % of DM) were formulated under different cultured salinities in a two-factorial design. The results indicated that supplemental lysine improved the specific growth rate (SGR) and weight gain (WG) and decreased the feed conversion ratio (FCR). Meanwhile, the fish had higher SGR and WG and lower FCR at 8 ‰ salinity. Except for moisture, the whole-body protein, lipid and ash content of GIFT were increased by 8 ‰ salinity, which showed that DLL (1·34 %) increased the whole-body fat content and DLL (2·41 %) increased whole-body protein content. Appropriate DLL up-regulated mRNA levels of protein metabolism-related genes such as target of rapamycin, 4EBP-1 and S6 kinase 1. However, 0 ‰ salinity reduced these protein metabolism-related genes mRNA levels, while proper DLL could improve glycolysis and gluconeogenesis mRNA levels but decrease lipogenesis-related genes mRNA levels in liver. 0 ‰ salinity improved GLUT2, glucokinase and G6 Pase mRNA levels; however, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 and fatty acid synthase mRNA levels were higher at 8 ‰ salinity. Moreover, 8 ‰ salinity also increased plasma total protein and cholesterol levels and decreased glucose levels. These results indicated that the recommended range of lysine requirement under different salinity was 2·03–2·20 % (0 ‰) and 2·20–2·41 % (8 ‰) and 8 ‰ salinity resulted in higher lysine requirements due to changes in the related nutrient metabolism, which might provide useful information for designing more effective feed formulations for GIFT cultured in different salinity environment.
Doing ‘coolie’ work in a ‘gentlemanly’ way: Gender and caste on the famine public works in colonial North India
Authors: Jha Madhavi
Published: June 2022

The second half of the nineteenth century was marked by regular famines and scarcities in India, and famine public works were one of the chief ways for the colonial state to provide relief. Famine public works involved labourers, including a large number of women, working in the construction of railways, roads, canals, and tanks in return for a subsistence wage. The present article contextualizes the practices of famine public works, especially the segregation of famine public works into large departmental and village works, within the intersecting processes of labour, caste, and gender. Drawing on evidence from North Western Provinces and Punjab, the article makes two arguments. First, it shows that segregation in famine works was driven by a shared understanding of the dominant castes and colonial state regarding labour, property, and caste which ensured that village works were reserved for dominant castes. A relational definition of labour was central to the construction of caste respectability on famine works. Second, by comparing the sex ratio of labourers in the two kinds of famine works, the article argues that women's labour was not merely a marker of caste, but constitutive of it.
Gender differences in the mechanism of involuntary retirement affecting loneliness through vulnerability and coping resources
Authors: Shin Oejin , Park Sojung , Lee Hyunjoo , Kang Ji Young
Published: June 2022

Involuntary retirement is associated with diminished mental health. However, little is known about the mechanism that connects involuntary retirees' coping resources to their loneliness. Gender patterns in the mechanism of involuntary retirement are also unclear. This study examines gender differences in the link between involuntary retirement and loneliness through secondary stressors (material and physical vulnerability) and coping resources (social support and self-efficacy). Two-step structural equation modelling was used to examine the effects of several mediators. For both men and women, involuntary retirement was associated with increased loneliness in terms of physical vulnerability and social efficacy. We found the female involuntary retirees are facing loneliness with multiple mediating factors. The layers of experiencing loneliness among female retirees are (a) directly from involuntary retirement; (b) indirectly from involuntary retirement and secondary stressors (material vulnerability and physical vulnerability); and (c) indirectly from involuntary retirement, secondary stressors (material vulnerability and physical vulnerability) and coping resources. The specific gender differences in the complex mechanism leading to later-year loneliness among the retirees may inform the interventions and policies that mitigate the disadvantages among involuntarily retired older adults in the United States of America.
Cardiac MRI for Fontan candidates after intrapulmonary-artery septation
Authors: Ishidou Motonori , Sato Keisuke , Sakamoto Kisaburo
Published: June 2022

Intrapulmonary-artery septoplasty may be effective for establishing two-lung Fontan circulation in patients with unilateral pulmonary circulation. However, evaluation of the function of each lung by conventional modalities can be challenging in these patients due to differing sources of blood flow to the left and right lungs following intrapulmonary-artery septation. Herein, we report a case in which two-lung Fontan circulation was successfully achieved after using cardiac MRI along with conventional modalities to evaluate pulmonary circulation.
Masks vs. God and Country: The Conflict between Public Health and Christian Nationalism
Authors: Acors Brittany
Published: June 2022

From its inception, the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) has been expressly areligious, aiming to promote the health of the American people during specific crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as responding to endemic issues such as heart disease, opioid addiction and obesity. However, some Christian nationalists perceive this areligious advocacy of science as a challenge to the moral authority of Christianity and the Bible. Protests against public health guidelines have utilized religious language to defend what participants see as their civil and God-given rights, deepening the divide between science and religion. Yet historically, public health advocates have built relationships with religious community leaders and employed educational campaigns to bridge this gap. Drawing on an analysis of USPHS history, Christian nationalist ideology and recent COVID-19 protests, this article argues that public health has historically used specific strategies to ensure a more favourable response and compliance, and makes the case that it should do so again.
Healing Body and Soul in Early Medieval Europe: Medical Remedies with Christian Elements
Authors: Burridge Claire
Published: June 2022

The early medieval period has been traditionally cast as the nadir of medicine in the West. Such an image stemmed in part from the negative perceptions of ‘superstitious’ charms and incantations, in which medicine was seen to be detrimentally affected by Christian and pagan influences alike. This outdated view has been revised substantially, and the intersections between medicine and religion are now understood to reflect a complex, multivalent approach to healing. However, this re-evaluation of early medieval medicine, and especially of recipe literature, has concentrated primarily on Old English material. As a result, the substantial corpus of early medieval Latin continental recipes found outside the established canon of classical and late antique texts has largely been overlooked. This article seeks to redress this imbalance, offering the first systematic investigation into the ways in which Christian elements appear in these comparatively understudied pharmaceutical writings. The article's findings have significant implications for our understanding of Latin recipe literature and of the evolution of medical knowledge in early medieval Europe.
Eine distale Radiusfraktur ist nicht einfach eine distale Radiusfraktur
Authors: Weiss Katja , Sousa Caio Victor , Knechtle Beat
Published: June 2022

Zusammenfassung. Wir berichten über eine 57-jährige Patientin mit einer distalen extraartikulären Radiusfraktur. Die Vermutung des Hausarztes war eine Osteoporose-assoziierte Fraktur, und eine interdisziplinäre Abklärung wurde in die Wege geleitet. Neben einer DXA-Messung wurden Differenzialdiagnosen für eine sekundäre Osteoporose in Betracht gezogen. In unserem Fall wurde im Rahmen einer Radiusfraktur eine sekundäre Osteoporose aufgrund eines Morbus Basedow sowie einer Vitamin-D-Insuffizienz diagnostiziert.
GRHL2 motif is associated with intratumor heterogeneity of cis-regulatory elements in luminal breast cancer
Authors: Kumegawa Kohei , Takahashi Yoko , Saeki Sumito , Yang Liying , Nakadai Tomoyoshi , Osako Tomo , Mori Seiichi , Noda Tetsuo , Ohno Shinji , Ueno Takayuki , Maruyama Reo
Published: June 2022

In breast cancer patients, tumor heterogeneity is associated with prognosis and therapeutic response; however, the epigenetic diversity that exists in primary tumors remains unknown. Using a single-cell sequencing assay for transposase-accessible chromatin (scATAC-seq), we obtained the chromatin accessibility profiles of 12,452 cells from 16 breast cancer patients including 11 luminal, 1 luminal-HER2, 1 HER2+, and 3 triple-negative subtypes. Via this profiling process, tumors were classified into cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment, highlighting the heterogeneity of disease-related pathways including estrogen receptor (ER) signaling. Furthermore, the coexistence of cancer cell clusters with different ER binding motif enrichments was identified in a single ER+ tumor. In a cluster with reduced ER motif enrichment, we identified GRHL2, a transcription factor, as the most enriched motif, and it cooperated with FOXA1 to initiate endocrine resistance. Coaccessibility analysis revealed that GRHL2 binding elements potentially regulate genes associated with endocrine resistance, metastasis, and poor prognosis in patients that received hormonal therapy. Overall, our study suggests that epigenetic heterogeneity could lead to endocrine resistance and poor prognosis in breast cancer patients and it offers a large-scale resource for further cancer research.
VitalDB, a high-fidelity multi-parameter vital signs database in surgical patients
Authors: Lee Hyung-Chul , Park Yoonsang , Yoon Soo Bin , Yang Seong Mi , Park Dongnyeok , Jung Chul-Woo
Published: June 2022

In modern anesthesia, multiple medical devices are used simultaneously to comprehensively monitor real-time vital signs to optimize patient care and improve surgical outcomes. However, interpreting the dynamic changes of time-series biosignals and their correlations is a difficult task even for experienced anesthesiologists. Recent advanced machine learning technologies have shown promising results in biosignal analysis, however, research and development in this area is relatively slow due to the lack of biosignal datasets for machine learning. The VitalDB (Vital Signs DataBase) is an open dataset created specifically to facilitate machine learning studies related to monitoring vital signs in surgical patients. This dataset contains high-resolution multi-parameter data from 6,388 cases, including 486,451 waveform and numeric data tracks of 196 intraoperative monitoring parameters, 73 perioperative clinical parameters, and 34 time-series laboratory result parameters. All data is stored in the public cloud after anonymization. The dataset can be freely accessed and analysed using application programming interfaces and Python library. The VitalDB public dataset is expected to be a valuable resource for biosignal research and development.
Assessment of liver cirrhosis severity with extracellular volume fraction MRI
Authors: Mesropyan Narine , Kupczyk Patrick A. , Dold Leona , Praktiknjo Michael , Chang Johannes , Isaak Alexander , Endler Christoph , Kravchenko Dmitrij , Bischoff Leon M. , Sprinkart Alois M. , Pieper Claus C. , Kuetting Daniel , Jansen Christian , Attenberger Ulrike I. , Luetkens Julian A.
Published: June 2022

We aimed to investigate the diagnostic utility of MRI extracellular volume fraction (ECV) for the assessment of liver cirrhosis severity as defined by Child–Pugh class. In this retrospective study, 90 patients (68 cirrhotic patients and 22 controls), who underwent multiparametric liver MRI, were identified. Hepatic T1 relaxation times and ECV were assessed. Clinical scores of liver disease severity were calculated. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test, Spearman’s correlation coefficient, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were used for statistical analysis. In cirrhotic patients, hepatic native T1 increased depending on Child–Pugh class (620.5 ± 78.9 ms (Child A) vs. 666.6 ± 73.4 ms (Child B) vs. 828.4 ± 91.2 ms (Child C), P < 0.001). ECV was higher in cirrhotic patients compared to the controls (40.1 ± 11.9% vs. 25.9 ± 4.5%, P < 0.001) and increased depending of Child–Pugh class (33.3 ± 6.0% (Child A) vs. 39.6 ± 4.9% (Child B) vs. 52.8 ± 1.2% (Child C), P < 0.001). ECV correlated with Child–Pugh score (r = 0.64, P < 0.001). ECV allowed differentiating between Child–Pugh classes A and B, and B and C with an AUC of 0.785 and 0.944 (P < 0.001, respectively). The diagnostic performance of ECV for differentiating between Child–Pugh classes A and B, and B and C was higher compared to hepatic native T1 (AUC: 0.651 and 0.910) and MELD score (AUC: 0.740 and 0.795) (P < 0.05, respectively). MRI-derived ECV correlated with Child–Pugh score and had a high diagnostic performance for the discrimination of different Child–Pugh classes. ECV might become a valuable non-invasive biomarker for the assessment of liver cirrhosis severity.
Effect of Cattaneo-Christov approximation for viscoelastic fluid with carbon nanotubes on flow and heat transfer
Authors: Mahabaleshwar U. S. , Sneha K. N. , Hatami M.
Published: June 2022

The current work studies the motion of viscoelastic liquid saturated with carbon nanotubes over a stretching surface in a Darcy porous medium analytically below an influence of Cattaneo-Christov heat flux. The carbon nanotubes (CNTs) act as nanoparticles which are then appended into the base fluid. Water and kerosene are used as a base fluid with two types of CNTs, namely, Single-wall carbon nanotubes and Multiwall carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes possess a wide range of industrial and biomedical applications including energy production, nuclear reactor cooling, and galaxy cooling applications because they can expand the thermal and mechanical properties of base things. As a result, the carbon nanotubes used in the mentioned fields are being investigated for their potential in heat transfer applications. Governing equations formulated using the Partial differential equations have converted to Ordinary differential equations exhausting the appropriate comparison transformation process. An influence of some relevant constraints on velocity and temperature is evaluated in details. The Cattaneo-Christov heat transfer model is utilized to investigate the heat transfer individualities with varying thermal conductivity consuming the attributes of the Appell hypergeometric function. The impacts of the emerging parameters on the profiles are depicted through graphical representations and analytically constructed tables. Considering its usefulness in modulating temperature distribution in different industrial application, including solar collector design, electronic cooling, building ventilation, etc. According to our findings, the temperature profile exhibits an enhancement with the thermal radiation parameter and the viscous-elastic fluids. In addition, when compared to the classical Fourier's law of heat conduction, the temperature profile and thermal boundary layer thickness for the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model are lower.
Glycemic control and its associated factors in type 2 diabetes patients at Felege Hiwot and Debre Markos Referral Hospitals
Authors: Shita Nigusie Gashaye , Iyasu Ashagrie Sharew
Published: June 2022

Poor glycemic control is a main public health problem among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and a significant cause of the development of diabetic complications. This study aimed to assess the glycemic control status and its associated factors among type 2 diabetes patients in Felege-Hiwot and Debre Markos Referral Hospitals. A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Felege-Hiwot and Debre Markos Referral Hospitals from December 2014 to December 2015. We have reviewed the chart of these patients until January 2020. Type 2 diabetic patients on follow-up at Felege-Hiwot and Debre Markos Referral Hospitals who fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the study were included. The primary outcome was the level of blood glucose during the study period.Good glycemic controlwas defined as patients whose average fasting blood glucose measurement for three consecutive visits was between 70 and 130 mg/dL. A generalized linear mixed autoregressive order one model was used to identify the determinants of glycemic control. A total of 191 patients with 1740 observations were included in the study. The overall prevalence of good glycemic control was 58.4% (95% CI: 57.159.7%). The factors associated with good glycemic control at 95% confidence level adjusted odds ratio were being residing in rural(CI: 0.454, 0.614), negative proteinuria (CI: 1.211, 1.546), diastolic blood pressure < 90 (CI: 1.101, 1.522), systolic blood pressure < 140 (CI: 1.352, 1.895), serum creatinine (CI: 0.415, 0.660), duration per visit (CI: 0.913, 0.987), duration since diagnosis (CI: 0.985, 0.998), weight ≥ 78 kg (CI: 0.603, 0.881). Age 38–50, 51–59 and 60–66 years (CI: 1.267, 1.776), (CI: 1.057, 1.476) and (CI: 1.004, 1.403), respectively. The overall prevalence of poor glycemic control was high at Debre Markos and Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital. Living in a rural area, older age (≥ 67 years), positive proteinuria, higher weight (≥ 78 kg), higher serum creatinine levels, higher duration per visit, higher time duration of T2DM since diagnosis, and developing hypertension (SBP ≥ 140, DBP ≥ 90) were the predictors of lower good glycemic control achievements of T2DM patients. In response to this finding, an aggressive intervention that targets improving glycemic control is required.