bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The “Kammatthan Buddhist Tradition” of Mainland Southeast Asia: Where Do We Stand?
Authors:   École française d’Extrême-Orient, Kourilsky Gregory
Published: May 2024

This review article explores the distinctive Tai–Khmer Buddhist tradition of meditation, so-called kammaṭṭhān(a) or yogāvacar(a) tradition in recent literature, initially identified by T.W. Rhys Davids in the late 19th century. French scholars like F. Bizot and British scholar K. Crosby have continued to study this tradition, revealing its unique practices and vernacular literature in mainland Southeast Asia. Crosby’s recent work, Esoteric Theravada: The Story of the Forgotten Meditation Tradition of Southeast Asia (2020), is critically examined in this study. The analysis assesses her new findings, discusses her sources, and offers reflections to enhance understanding within contemporary Buddhist studies.
A Newly Unearthed Travelogue: Relation to Siam in 1685, by Jean Basset
Authors:   Sorbonne Université, Pennéguès Maëlle
Published: May 2024

Online Appendices
Writing Devotions for the Classroom
Authors: Snider Joseph
Published: May 2024

For faculty considering faith integration in the classroom, devotion time is one of the best opportunities to share and engage with the student about God and Scripture. There is a lack of literature on writing devotions for the classroom. This paper adds a possible structure for online and onsite business devotions. Preparing students with reflective questions for reading and absorbing devotional material is useful for their entire lives.
Business Stakeholder Trends as Kingdom Opportunities in a Secularizing World
Authors: Iheanyi-Igwe Agam , Veach Timothy
Published: May 2024

“Business as mission” (BAM) has emerged as a classification of business-driven holistic mission applying a Christ-centered, multiple-bottom-line model. Secular developments in business activity often respond to stakeholder trends. Literature in Christian ministry, however, designates the secularizing age as a challenge to evangelical missions. This paper identifies needs in holistic missions in which BAM activity can take advantage of business stakeholder trends to better serve the purposes of mission activity, creating Kingdom opportunities.
Biblical Screens and the Stock Selection Process: Applications for a Student-Managed Fund
Authors: Brune Chris , Files James
Published: May 2024

The growth in socially responsible and ESG investing reflects a desire for investors to select investments that mirror their values. Christian colleges and universities that offer a student-managed investment fund may similarly desire to invest in a way that reflects biblical principles. This paper outlines a process for incorporating stock screens from the Biblically Responsible Investing Institute (BRII) into the standard stock selection process for a student-managed fund.
Character Formation in Online Education Book Review and Reflection
Authors: Sullivan Holly K.
Published: May 2024

In recent years, higher education has experienced a trend toward online learning. This atmosphere presents a challenge to instructors who want to keep the rigor of a traditional classroom while navigating the demands of an online landscape and facilitating connections with students. In Character Formation in Online Learning, Jung (2015) attempts to illustrate methods in which character can be formed in an online environment that meets or surpasses the depth of a traditional classroom experience.
Resilience in the Business Curriculum: A Biblical Perspective and Directions for Future Research
Authors: Berg Trish , Carson Tanya
Published: May 2024

In today’s competitive, fast-paced market, employers are seeking more than technical skills in their new hires. They are seeking new hires with strong soft skills. Resilience is among those desired soft skills. As the competitive business environment continues to rapidly change, our graduates will need to be prepared to face those challenges resiliently. As business leaders place more emphasis on the value of resilience, integrating resilience training into the business curriculum becomes a unique way we can prepare our students, differentiating our Christian liberal arts universities from the pack with a unique value proposition. Creating opportunities for safe-failure and successful pivots can be beneficial for developing resilience in our students, and the FLEX Plan is a good way to start. The FLEX Plan is a unique step-by-step approach to help students improve their resilience and focuses around four basic steps: accept failure, lean in to the emotion, elect a positive response, and x-ray (be transparent). This paper will provide support for the FLEX Plan and will connect this approach to supportive literature on resilience and will explore the value of teaching a biblical perspective on resilience. Future areas of research that could be pursued include the overall impact of increasing resilience; the benefit of resilience training with and without a biblical foundation; and the impact of resilience training in online education, adult accelerated-degree completion programs, and MBA programs.
Endings
Authors: -
Published: May 2024

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Three Characteristics of the New Generation in College: Spiritual and Classroom Implications
Authors: Smith Yvonne , LaShaw Margie N.
Published: May 2024

Cultures change, and as cultures change, so do students. The students now entering college classrooms have a different worldview than the millennials did, and the differences have spiritual and classroom implications that professors should take note of. In this paper, we first explore three social forces that have imprinted the new iGeneration and contributed to its distinctives. We then discuss three main distinctives of the iGeneration and suggest spiritual and classroom techniques to successfully educate this generation.
Imagining 2030: Preparing for What Comes Next
Authors: Dulaney Emmett
Published: May 2024

A review of:
Guillén, Mauro F. (2020). 2030 : How today’s biggest trends will collide and reshape the future of everything. St. Martin’s Press.  978-1-250-26817-4, 280 pages
Uldrich, Jack. (2020). Business as Unusual: A Futurist’s Unorthodox, Unconventional, and Uncomfortable Guide to Doing Business. River Grove Books. 978-1-63299-309-0, 130 pages
Letter from the Editor
Authors: Dulaney Emmett
Published: May 2024

Letter from the editor
Exit Strategies For Business School Deans
Authors: Finch J. Howard , Carson Chad , McIntyre Faye
Published: May 2024

While significant thought and discussion have been devoted toward becoming a business school dean, little attention has focused on exiting a successful deanship. This paper evaluates dean turnover, highlighting differences between intended versus actual exit strategies using survey data. We delineate the various exit options and address the advantages and disadvantages associated with each. Current and prospective business school deans, as well as university administrators, may utilize these findings to better prepare for leadership transitions.
The Theology Diamond: A Strategic Framework for Christian Business Faculty
Authors: Kirkpatrick Nathan , White Darin
Published: May 2024

Based on the “Strategy Diamond” by Hambrick and Fredrickson (2001), the Theology Diamond is a strategic framework for Christian business faculty. This strategy helps Christian business faculty live intentionally for the glory of God and allows Christian institutions to compete by having business faculty that live out Gospel-centered values. Five elements of the Theology Diamond are presented (arenas, vehicles, differentiators, sequencing, and economic logic), and a strategic framework of Gospel living and working is presented.
The Possibility for Harm Present When Institutions Misrepresent Student Body Diversity
Authors: Dulaney Emmett , Voss Matthew , Perleoni Holly
Published: May 2024

In an attempt to attract students, many institutions of higher learning are manipulating their marketing materials to make it appear as if their student populations are more diverse than they actually are. While organizations of all types often portray users of their products and services as idealized in order to appeal to a broad base or desired demographic, this rarely leads to harm. In the case of university and college students of diversity, however, such misrepresentation can lead to harm if they choose to attend an institution under the belief that they will be surrounded by peers and discover something altogether different once they arrive. Such distortion can, in turn, hurt the institution’s reputation and retention and should be avoided.
Endings
Authors: Dulaney Emmett
Published: May 2024

Manuscript Guidelines and Revieww Board
Using Stories of White-Collar Crime to Teach Accounting Students about Ethical Dilemmas and Faith Integration
Authors: Lambert Tara , Li-Kuehne Michelle , LaShaw Margie
Published: May 2024

This study presents a unique technique of creating awareness of white-collar crime by allowing students to interact with actual criminals via Zoom©. After hearing stories about fraud, students completed a survey and wrote reflection papers. Results show that the interaction with stories from the criminals made students more aware of ethical dilemmas and their anticipated responses. Some students articulated the importance of drawing on their Christian faith to make the right decision in these situations.
Anxiety and the New Generation in College: What Can a Professor Do?
Authors: Smith Yvonne , Black Janice
Published: May 2024

The generation currently attending universities, the iGeneration, is unusually fearful and anxious; the paper explores anxiety in relation to these students. We first examine anxiety using the psychology and management literature as well as Scripture and then relate this to major characteristics of the iGeneration. The final section discusses classroom implementations.
Editor’s Perspective
Authors: Holbrook Robert
Published: May 2024

Editor's perspective on Christian Business Academy Review.
Re-examining the Identity and Values of the Christian Business Academy Review
Authors: Jones Benton , Russell Lynn , Summerville Jamie , Summerville Jeron
Published: May 2024

To inform its readership and potential contributors, this paper revisits and builds on the work of Dulaney’s (2014) study of the Christian Business Academy Review (CBAR). In this article, the researchers analyze CBAR titles and abstracts and titles from the Academy of Management Learning and Education (AMLE) for the period from 2014 to 2023 and compare those results to Dulaney’s original findings. To further name the specific discourse of the journal, the researchers conducted a thematic analysis of the CBAR’s abstracts. The results of this study show the CBAR to be a dynamic and growing venue for both single and multiple authors to engage in the sharing of ideas and resources related to the teaching of a great variety of business topics from a Christian worldview and to college teaching as a profession. Perhaps most importantly, the CBAR has remained true to its stated purpose.
Indledning
Authors: Bro Henning
Published: May 2024

Indledning
Den ekspansive hovedstadsmetropol
Authors: Bro Henning
Published: May 2024

Østdanske pendlersatellit- og sommerhusbyer
Ornament in the architecture of mosques in Jordan: traditions and innovations
Authors: Al'-Tamimi Sakher Mukhammed , Pankina Marina Vladimirovna
Published: May 2024

The object of the study is ornaments in the architecture of ancient and modern mosques. Using the example of mosques in Amman (Jordan), traditional ornaments are considered from the point of view of their purpose, content and symbolism, location and plastic organization. The compositional techniques, stylization methods, images used in ornaments are analyzed. In the modern architecture of mosques, continuity in approaches to decoration is combined with the active use of modern technologies in the construction and interpretation of ornaments, their embodiment in the material. Since there are strong changes in the space-planning solutions of mosques in connection with modern functional tasks, it is ornaments that are the most important means of identifying religious buildings. New interpretations of the visual language and the purpose of the decoration of mosques are due to the processes of globalization and the use of computer technologies for the design of structures. The authors conclude that it is necessary to follow the canons of Islamic ornamental motifs when using them in modern architecture, especially in religious buildings. By offering engineering and artistic innovations, architects must preserve the structure, plasticity and symbolism of ornaments in which the philosophy of Islam accumulates.
The image of Pyotr Verkhovensky from F. M. Dostoevsky's novel «Demons»: from the real S. G. Nechaev to new images in the cinema
Authors: Ostapenko Anton Sergeevich
Published: May 2024

The author of the article offers the analysis and dissection of the image of Peter Verkhovensky, one of the main characters of F. M. Dostoevsky's novel «Demons» (1872). The prototypes of the hero from the history of Russia of the XIX'th century are considered in detail, on the example of S. G. Nechaev and M. V. Petrashevsky. The image of a character from F. M. Dostoevsky's novel is analyzed. The author pays special attention to the review of the hero's representation in three post-Soviet film adaptations from 1992 to 2024. The author analyzes the characteristic features, behavior and motivation of the character of Pyotr Verkhovensky from the novel in the screen adaptations, their independent evolution within the cinematography, how and to what extent the image changes depending on the actual socio-cultural context of the time and its positioning. This study used hermeneutic and dialectical method to analyze the form of representation of the image of the character in post-Soviet cinematography, as well as the theory of cultural hegemony of A. Gramsci is used to study the reasons for the changes and representation of the hero by the authors of film adaptations. The novelty of the study lies in the complex consideration and analysis of prototype images from real history. The key character from F.M. Dostoevsky's novel is studied, delving into the writer's worldview and perception of the revolutionary movement and individual personalities. The author examines the representations of the character in the domestic cinematography on the example of screen adaptations of «Demons (Nikolai Stavrogin)» 1992, «Demons» of 2014 and Sergey Arlanov's new mini-series 2024 «Qlipot». Attention is paid to the context of actual events for their time, which influenced the formation of the image of the movie hero.
Typological features and classification of territorial identity from the perspective of content and form. Approaches to the formation and algorithm for designing brand design of territories
Authors: Maslov Mikhail Mikhailovich
Published: May 2024

This article conducts a study of the typological features of visual territorial identity from the perspective of content and from the perspective of form, as well as approaches to its creation, on the basis of which a design algorithm is further formulated. It is noted that the separation of form and content in the analysis and design of such symbolism is extremely important from the point of view of correct reading and reflection of meaning, and a separate consideration of these aspects is a correct approach for art historical analysis. The article presents the author's classification of the typological features of territorial identity from the perspective of form and content; for the first time in technical aesthetics, these two important factors of formation are separated. The material is presented in the form of tables with detailed content, as well as figures; a comparative analysis was carried out with existing classifications of territorial identity, in which inaccuracies were identified. The most relevant approaches to creating modern visual identities of places are formulated – synthesizing, official-symbolic, national-cultural and natural-climatic, which received such names from the point of view of the underlying meaning. Based on the approaches to the formation of modern territorial identity highlighted in the article, a practical algorithm for the development of modern emblems of territories and their graphic identity has also been developed. This article conducts a study of the typological features of visual territorial identity from the position of content and from the position of form, as well as approaches to creating territorial identity, comparing the material with existing theoretical models. It is noted that the area under study is characterized by weak research in the field of science; fundamental works of Russian-speaking authors in this area are practically absent.
Female archetypes in the mythological model of television news culture
Authors: Lavrova Elena Nikolaevna
Published: May 2024

This study is aimed at identifying patterns of the embodiment of the female image in the information stories of domestic and foreign TV channels. The subject of this article is a mythological model of constructing reality in modern mass media. The object is television news stories in 2017-2023, in which female archetypes are most clearly revealed. Special attention is paid to the information coverage of the foreign topic of the feminist action MeToo and the domestic criminal case of the Khachaturian sisters. The research is aimed at comparing the mythological structure of the plot with the techniques of television broadcasting and understanding the broadcast of the female image on television screens. Thus, the article puts forward a hypothesis: when covering information topics, the media uses a model of a mythological structure, and as a result, a system of archetypes that forms the viewer's opinion. This work is based on the theory of archetypes developed by the scientist K. Jung, which is visualized in the information topics of the last decade. The analysis is of scientific interest in connection with the growing feminist discourse in society, of which television is becoming one of the key broadcasters. Of particular importance is the study of the symbolization of the female image on the television screen through the concepts of C. Jung and E. Neumann, using the example of the main themes of feminist discourse in recent years. The novelty of the research lies in a new theoretical understanding of the ways in which television content affects the viewer. The main conclusions of the study are the confirmation of a scientific hypothesis: about the use of the media of a mythological structure through which a system of archetypes is broadcast, which in turn leads to a stable formation of public opinion. In addition, the author examines the mythological archetypes of communication, which represent the main ways of transmitting information in the modern world.
The lexeme "normal" in Russian speech: a case study
Authors: Omelchenko Liliya Nikolaevna , Bokhieva Marina Viktorovna , Zyryanova Elena Vasil'evna
Published: May 2024

The subject of the study is the lexeme "normal", a multidimensional analysis of which is carried out on the basis of data from the National Corpus of the Russian Language (NCRR), which includes more than 2 billion words, which makes it quite representative. The purpose of the work is to determine the composition of the homocomplex "normal" in modern Russian, to compare homonyms in semantic, syntagmatic, functional aspects. The relevance of the research undertaken is due to the fact that the lexicographic literature does not provide a complete description of all homonyms "normal". Thus, the predicative "normally" has remained outside the attention of lexicographers, although it is in this category that the pragmatic potential of the studied word is realized; in addition, cases of using the word in a discursive function have not been noted. This study was conducted on the basis of a concordance of 4055 texts with this lexeme, a large amount of material allowed us to draw conclusions about the quantitative and qualitative features of the functioning of this homocomplex. In accordance with this goal, descriptive, quantitative, statistical methods, as well as corpus analysis methods were used in the work.  The methodological basis of the research was the works devoted to the problem of functional homonymy (V. V. Vinogradov, O. S. Akhmanova, V. V. Babaytseva, P. A. Lekant, etc.) and methods of corpus linguistics (O. N. Lyashevskaya, N. V. Pertsov, V. A. Plungyan, E. V. Rakhilina, D. V. Sichinava, etc.). The results The following provisions became the basis of the work: based on the data selected from the corpus, it is argued that the homocomplex "normally" unites a group of functional homonyms (adjective in short form; adverb; predicative (category of state); interjection), which differ in a set of morphological features, syntactic function, syntagmatic features, semantics expressed in speech. It is concluded that all these homonyms are active in modern Russian speech; they have pragmatic and stylistic features in different speech spheres. The first texts with the predicative "normally", as well as with the homonymous adverb, recorded in the NCRR, belong to the end of the XIX century; the use of "normally" as an interjection in a discursive function appears much later, in the 1980s. Statistical methods allowed us to determine the most frequent collocations with the lexeme "normally".
Parameters of antecedent – possessive postcopular anaphor correlation: the case of definiteness effect
Authors: Dolmatova Olesya Vladimirovna , Akselrood Deana Aronovna , Brodskaya Mariya Sergeevna
Published: May 2024

The paper aims at finding correlation between possessive postcopular anaphor in English existential there-sentences and its antecedent. English there-sentences provide a site for the phenomenon known as definiteness effect, one of the most controversial and still not fully resolved issues in linguistics today. The current state of this problem determines the relevance of this article. The subject of the study is the relationship of possessive post-сopular noun phrases and their antecedents. So, the features of the definiteness effect are studied in terms of anaphor - antecedent distance. The purpose of the work is to establish some possible patterns of mutual arrangement of these units. The corresponding tasks are the following: collecting data that satisfy the input conditions; identifying the antecedents of a possessive anaphor; establishing the distance between the anaphor and the antecedent. The British National Corpus is the source for the research material. The novelty of the study lies in the very formulation of the problem, which has not been previously raised in the scientific literature, as well as in the results obtained. The findings are the following: the authors have identified certain types of antecedents united in enlarged groups, namely, explicitly expressed antecedents and antecedents without verbal embodiment. The detected distance between antecedents and their possessive anaphors is fixed as minimal, within the framework of neighbouring sentences, in some cases tending to zero value. A correlation is found between the type of antecedent, its location and distance from the possessive anaphor. The authors assume that such distance may serve as an additional licensing stipulation ensuring the admission of possessive noun phrases to the postcopular position of English existential sentences.
Calibration method of relative spectral response function of indirect imaging spectrometer
Authors: Li Xiao-Xiao , Li Juan , Bai Cai-Xun , Chang Chen-Guang , Hao Xiong-Bo , Wen Zhen-Qing , Wang Peng-Chong , Feng Yu-Tao ,   Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology, Xi’an Institute of Optics Precision Mechanic of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710119, China,   University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,   School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
Published: May 2024

In imaging spectrometers, area array detectors are usually used as photoelectric conversion devices, but the inconsistency of the spectral response among pixels can distort the collected target spectra. To improve the spectral radiometric accuracy of imaging spectrometers, calibrating and correcting the inconsistency of the spectral response among pixels is essential. The signal received by each pixel of area array detector of the indirect imaging spectrometer is usually the superposition of the target multi-spectral radiation signals or full-spectral radiation signals. Therefore, its relative spectral radiometric calibration requires measuring the spectral response of each pixel at different wavelengths on the array detector. Under the ideal conditions, the response values of each pixel in the area array detector are different, so the indirect imaging spectrometer cannot simply calibrate the relative spectral response (RSR) function between pixels by using the method of “monochromator + integrating sphere”. In this work, taking the interferometric imaging spectrometer for example, we analyze the influence of the inconsistency of the RSR among pixels on the target spectral radiation measurement accuracy, and propose a system-level RSR function measurement method for the indirect imaging spectrometer based on the Fourier transform modulation calibration source. In addition, we establish a mathematical model for calibrating the RSR function,and provide guidelines for selecting calibration system parameters such as light source, spectral resolution, and OPD sampling interval. The simulation results show that under the ideal noise-free condition, the 1% spectral response inconsistency among pixels results in a relative error of 1.02% to the recovered spectra. After RSR correction, the relative error of the recovered spectra of different rows decreases to 0.08%. Furthermore, in this work we simulate and analyse the influence of spectral signal-to-noise ratio on the calibration accuracy of the RSR function, and point out that increasing the brightness of the calibration light source, extending exposure time, and combining multi-frame interferograms can enhance RSR function calibration accuracy in practical applications. The research result can provide a theoretical basis for realizing the relative spectral radiometric calibration of indirect imaging spectrometer, which is of great significance in promoting quantitative spectral remote sensing.
Retención de estudiantes en su transición a la enseñanza media: estrategias de aumento de matrícula para directores de establecimientos del servicio local de educación pública Gabriela Mistral.
Authors:   , Navarrete Valenzuela Paula Inés
Published: May 2024

En el año 2017 la Ley 21.040 trae al país la reforma a la educación pública que junto con la creación de 70 Servicios Locales de Educación pública (SLEPs), entrega a través de la Primera Estrategia Nacional de Educación la meta de aumentar la matrícula de los estudiantes que asisten a establecimientos públicos. Situación en la que se encuentra el Servicio Local de Educación Pública Gabriela Mistral (SLEP GM), el cual comprende las comunas de Macul, La Granja y San Joaquín. Asimismo, el objetivo de este proyecto es Diseñar un Plan Estratégico para directores de establecimientos educativos (EE) del SLEP GM que permita aumentar la retención de los estudiantes en su transición a la enseñanza media, donde se ha trabajado con una adaptación de la metodología del Desing Thinking, (DT) utilizando diferentes técnicas de recolección de datos. Como principal resultado se evidencia una escasa difusión de la oferta educativa del SLEP GM. Este proyecto propone un Plan Estratégico enfocado en la retención de estudiantes en su transición a la enseñanza media, dirigido a los directores de los establecimientos educativos del SLEP GM procurando ser un aporte concreto a la educación pública del país.
Role of Age, Gender and Vertical Facial Type on Anatomical Location of Mandibular Foramen in Paediatric Population: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Nyodu Topi , Saha Nilanjana , Sil Shiladitya , Ghosh Subhankar
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Pain management is paramount in paediatric dental care, influencing patient cooperation and future perceptions of dental treatment. The widely used Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block (IANB) anaesthesia faces challenges in children due to anatomical variations. The position of the mandibular foramen, which evolves with age, growth patterns, and facial types, necessitates customised approaches for effective paediatric pain management. Aim: To identify the position of the mandibular foramen amongst children aged 7-14 years with respect to age, gender, and facial types. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study conducted in West Bengal, India, 126 children aged 7-14 were investigated from March 2021 to August 2022. The Orthopantomograms (OPG) and lateral cephalograms were assessed for the location of the mandibular foramen with respect to age, sex, and facial type in clear radiographs with normal growth. Statistical analysis encompassed descriptive statistics, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and multiple linear regression analysis. Results: A total of 126 x-rays were analysed across age, gender, and facial types, showing a mean age of 10.78 years. There were 52 (41.3%) males and 74 (58.7%) females. The distribution of subjects according to facial types was as follows: short (n=33, 26.2%), normal (n=19, 15.1%), and long (n=74, 58.7%). The vertical position of the mandibular foramen increased with age. No significant gender difference was observed regarding the vertical position of the mandibular foramen. However, a significant variation across facial types was observed, with individuals with normal faces exhibiting a greater vertical position. Conclusion: This study revealed that the vertical position of the mandibular foramen increases with age. There was no significant difference found between males and females in the location of the mandibular foramen; however, individuals with normal faces exhibited a greater vertical position of the same
Transient Voice Loss after Spinal Anaesthesia for Lower Limb Surgery: A Case Report
Authors: Bisht Navneeta , Misra Gaurav
Published: May 2024

Spinal Anaesthesia (SA) with hyperbaric bupivacaine and opioids is a preferred technique for lower limb surgeries in many centres. Among the various complications of such anaesthesia, postprocedural voice loss is relatively uncommon and has been reported very rarely in cases other than parturient patients. The sudden onset of such symptoms after anaesthesia and various other attributable causes may have implications for the subsequent surgery. The authors reported here a case of postprocedural voice loss in a 24-year old male patient prepared for open reduction and internal fixation surgery for a femur fracture. The patient developed immediate dysphonia along with tingling of the face and itching of the nasal alae after the administration of a subarachnoid block. The patient had a normal heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory pattern. There was no history of any previous episode or possible attributable psychological condition. The authors carefully monitored the patient, assessed various causes of such a presentation, and noticed it to be transient and without any serious implications. They attributed the cause to the rostral spread of fentanyl, and the surgery was resumed. The authors concluded that immediate and transient voice loss after SA is an unexpected and unavoidable complication for lower limb surgery and may occur in non obstetric cases as well. However, if hypovolemia and respiratory abnormalities had been excluded, reassurance and close observation may be appropriate.
The Effect of Burning on the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) Content in Goat Satay in the East Java Region
Authors: Apriani G. , Yunita C. N. , Rosyidi D. , Rahayu P. P. , Saputro E. , Radiati L. E.
Published: May 2024

This study aims to determine the levels of PAHs in commercial goat satay in all cities throughout East Java. PAHs are organic compounds that have two or more benzene rings joined together and are made only of carbon and hydrogen. PAHs can enter the human body through breathing, absorption, or skin contact. PAHs have been shown to have the potential to cause various carcinogenic, mutagenic, and immune disrupting effects. The samples taken for the study were 27 samples. This research was conducted in a non-experimental manner by observing the object of research directly. Data collection techniques in this study were conducted by interview, observation, and chemical analysis in the laboratory. The results showed that the weight of goat satay had an average of 119.3 g, the highest burning time of samples with the code MJT-B and MDN-C for 10 minutes 17 seconds, and the distance between charcoal and the highest goat satay meat was in samples with the code PRB-A, PRB-B, BT-A, MJT-A, MJT-B, MDN-A, and MDN-C as far as 1.0 cm, and the highest fat content test obtained from the MDN-C sample code was 0.97 grams.  Analysis of PAH compounds was carried out using the chromatographic method. The PAH test obtained the highest results with the sample code MDN-C with the results of Pyrene (Pyr) 0.71 ± 394.87, Fluoranthene (Flt) 0.45 ± 351.21, Anthracene (Ants) 4.41 ± 225.48, and Fluorene (Flr) 0.28 ± 52.60. The results of compounds that have values <0.0004 are declared as samples that do not indicate PAH compounds.
Optimizing Returns in Mulberry Cultivation: A Resource use Efficiency Study in Chikkaballapur District of Karnataka, India
Authors: B. M Likitha , Gaddi G. M. , Nethrayini K. R. , Venkataramana M. N. , Sadatulla Fatima , Dasari Joycy Rani
Published: May 2024

The present study was conducted to analyze resource use efficiency in mulberry cultivation using data from cultivators of the Chikkaballapur district of Karnataka collected during 2021-22 from mulberry growing farmers. Twenty mulberry growers were selected using a multistage random sampling technique from each of the two chosen taluks leading in mulberry cultivation in Chikkaballapur district. The resource use efficiency analysis was carried out using production function analysis by comparing the marginal value productivity from each of the resources with the marginal input cost from each of the resources (profitability ratio). Results indicated scope to increase the use of fertilizer, FYM, and irrigation as additional expenditure on these resources would result in additional return. The summation of the production coefficients indicated increasing returns to scale and  scope to increase the use of resources and optimize returns from mulberry cultivation from the current level.
Analysis of Constraints Faced by Sugarcane Growers in Haryana, India
Authors: Agarwal Disha , Chahal P. K. , Ghanghas B. S. , Shubham .
Published: May 2024

Sugarcane is one of the most important cash crop globally. In Haryana, particularly in the districts of Yamuna Nagar, Kaithal, and Rohtak, sugarcane production is significant. However, the adoption of production technology among sugarcane growers in these areas faces various constraints, impacting productivity and profitability. This study aims to identify the constraints faced by sugarcane growers in adopting production technology in Haryana. In order to gather information about the difficulties sugarcane growers had in implementing the production technique, structured interviews were conducted in 2023. The findings indicate that a majority of sugarcane growers (56.70%) experienced medium constraints, while 22.50% and 20.80% faced high and low constraints, respectively. Key constraints identified include high labor charges during harvesting, elevated transportation costs, labor shortages during peak periods, variability in agro-climatic conditions, and high prices of plant protection chemicals. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions, such as awareness campaigns, improved supply chains, affordability of inputs, and pest management strategies, to enhance sugarcane production in Haryana.
Relationship between Safety Awareness and Safety Compliance in Small and Medium Scale Enterprise in Akwa-Ibom State Nigeria
Authors: Inyang Ubong John , Nwaogazie Ify L. , Ugbebor John
Published: May 2024

The study aims to evaluate the relationship between safety awareness and compliance with safety behaviours in small and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs) in Akwa-Ibom State, Nigeria. The study employed a purposive non-probability sampling technique combined with cluster sampling, surveying 179 respondents across various manufacturing sectors. Data were collected using the Occupational Safety and Compliance of SMEs Questionnaire (OSCSMEQ) and a safety audit checklist. Descriptive statistics, Pearson Correlation Analysis, and multiple linear regression were employed for data analysis. The findings revealed a critical need for improvement in job safety, coworker awareness, supervisor engagement, and management commitment within Akwa Ibom SMEs. Strong positive degree & level of significance between job safety awareness and compliance, coworker awareness and compliance and supervisor awareness and compliance underscore the significance of safety knowledge and leadership in shaping adherence to safety protocols. Top management's commitment emerges as a key influencer not only on compliance but also on worker satisfaction with safety programs.
Enhancing Interdisciplinary English Learning: A Systematic Review of the HyFlex Model's Strategies, Challenges, and Implications
Authors: Chen Guanzheng , Lai Ningyi
Published: May 2024

This systematic review offers a thorough analysis of the existing research on the utilization of the HyFlex (Hybrid-Flexible) learning model in interdisciplinary English courses. Drawing insights from 24 empirical studies published from 2008 to 2023, the review aims to showcase successful tactics for enhancing the HyFlex methodology while pinpointing notable deficiencies in its integration within the context of interdisciplinary English education. The review reveals promising strategies, such as leveraging peer interactions, utilizing authentic assessments, and implementing discipline-specific guidelines. However, it also uncovers critical gaps, including insufficient research on the model's effectiveness, a lack of frameworks for assessing higher-order skills, and challenges in facilitating meaningful discourse across modes. The review further highlights the need for more robust faculty training, consistent institutional support, and greater accessibility and inclusiveness for diverse student populations. To address these gaps, the review recommends the development of comprehensive assessment frameworks, investment in faculty training, integration of work-integrated learning, and implementation of blended synchronous approaches. By addressing these areas, the HyFlex model can be optimized to create more inclusive, flexible, and effective learning environments for students in interdisciplinary English courses. This review provides a solid foundation for understanding the current research landscape and identifies key areas for future development, offering valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and researchers seeking to enhance student engagement and learning outcomes.
Assessing the Impact of Onion Juice on the Levels of Leutinizing Hormone and Follicle Stimulating Hormone in Female Mice Exposed to Transfluthrin Smoke
Authors: Waribo Helen Anthony , Emenike MaryJane Oluomachi , Brisibe Ngozi
Published: May 2024

Aim: Transfluthrin is a fast-acting insecticide used in household mainly against mosquites. Its uses have not been without health risk to humans. The study aims at evaluating the effect of onion juice on follicle stimulating hormone and leutinizing hormone levels in mice exposed to transfluthrin smoke.
Study Design: This is an animal study conducted in the Animal House, College of Medical Science in Rivers State University.
Materials and Methods: Thirty( 30) female mice were used in this study.  They were divided into six groups of five mice each; Group 1(negative control, exposed to normal environmental air), Group 2(exposed to 6g of transfluthrin coated insecticide paper smoke and given 0.2ml of onion juice), Group 3(exposed to 6g of transfluthrin coated insecticide paper smoke only), Group 4(exposed to 12g of transfluthrin coated insecticide paper smoke and given 0.2ml of onion juice), Group 5(exposed to 12g of transfluthrin coated insecticide paper smoke only), Group 6(given 0.2ml of onion juice only) through the oral gavage method daily. The smoke inhalation lasted for 15minutes  daily for 28 days using the already formulated packaged transflutrin coated insecticide papers in the market.    
Results: There was a significant difference in the mean values of Follicle Stimulating Hormone in groups 2, 3, 4, 5 & 6 when compared to group 1 (P=0.004).  There was no significant difference observed in the mean values of Leutinizing Hormone in the various groups (P=0.068).  The ovaries in groups 2, 3, 4, 5 & 6 showed several distortion and fluid congestion, which could be attributed to auto regulatory mechanisms leading to biochemical derangement.
 Conclusion: This study shows  that  the exposure significantly altered the hormonal levels and the ovarian cyto architecture of the mice. It also reveals that exposure to transfluthrin is detrimental to the reproductive functions of female mice however, the Onion juice administered to the mice in this study showed no ameliorative effect on the ovarian distortion, hence not improving the reproductive status of the mice.
Evaluation of the Microorganism Present in Garri Sold within Local Market and Garri Producers in Ozoro Community
Authors: J.I Okinedo, , J.O. Orogu , O. Ukolobi , A.E. Aphiar,
Published: May 2024

This study evaluated the microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) present in garri sold within local market and garri producers at Ozoro Community. This was achieved through microbial analysis of samples to determine microbial count and strains available. Contamination of sample was observed for garri sold at different locations with the bacteria count seen to be higher at the local market 1 (42x106cfu/10g) and garri producer (41x106cfu/10g) than at local market 2 (38x106cfu/10g) which shows that market activity may not be the contamination source. Bacteria isolates indicated the presence of pathogen associated with disease and food poisoning syndrome such as E. coli, Staphylococcus, Bacilli and Pseudomonas. Staphylococcus and Escherichia coli were observed to be the dominant strains of microbes in garri sold across all assessed location which poses health risk due to their pathogenicity. Fungi were detected in garri samples assessed from all three locations with an increasing trend from producer to sales point which is an indication that garri contamination with fungi must have occurred from post production activities in the market and sales point. The fungi isolates obtained from the samples areAsperillus flavus Penicilum spp.and Candida albican. Asperillus flavus andPenicilum spp. were observed to be the dominant strains of microbes in garri sold across all assessed location. The samples of garri sold around Ozoro are unsafe since they did not meet with the recommended limit by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of 1x104cfu/g for bacteria count and 1x104cfu/g for fungi count and E.coli count of 0. Hygienic practices should be strictly adhered to prevent contamination of garri produced.
Physicochemical Properties of African Black Soap Prepared with Alkali Derived from (Empty) Oil Palm Fruit Bunches
Authors: I.L. Gold, , T. Okunwaye, , D.C. Onyia, , I.O. Akpose, , O.B. Imoisi, , N.U. Asiriuwa,
Published: May 2024

The use of oil palm biomass in black soap production was carried out. The soap was prepared using different oils; Palm kernel oil (PKO), Tallow oil (TO), Palm oil (PO), Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) and their blends (PKO:PFAD:TO:PO) at 0.5 ratio each. The physiochemical properties of the different oils and their blends were studied. The moisture content, bulk density, foaming stability, pH, solubility of metallic salts and surface tension of the different black soaps produced were analyzed. The results of the oils and their blends had free fatty acid values between (2.56 - 49.48) %, saponification values of (231.4 - 450.20) KOH/g and relative densities of (0.97-1.008) g/ml. The results indicated that the moisture content ranged from (6.0 -7.4) % for all soaps, with the lowest (6.0%) observed in PKO, the highest (7.4%) observed in soaps made with PO and PKO:PFAD:TO:PO blends. The bulk density of the soaps ranged from (0.55 - 0.94) g/cm3. The PKO: PFAD soap had the highest foam stability of 7.4cm and PKO soap (2.08cm) the lowest. The soap produced with various oils and their blends showed a neutral pH in the range of 7.25 -7.38. The metallic salts NaCl, KCl and HgCl2 were soluble in the soap solution with no precipitate formed while MnCl2, PbCl3, and CuCl2 salts precipitated out of the soap solution. The surface tension of water was lowered at different rates by the soaps. The black soap produced with the oils and their blends met the standard quality specification for commercial soaps within the geographical area of manufacture.
The Effect of Purwoceng Extract on the Etawa Crossbreed Bucks Mating
Authors: Yahya Ikhsan Abdilla , Sitepu Sukma Aditya , Negara Adhona Bhajana Wijaya
Published: May 2024

Aims: This research aims to determine the effect of purwoceng extract on Etawa crossbreed bucks
Study Design:  Completely randomized non-factorial design with 4 treatments given to bucks (ethawa crossbreeds), namely Purwoceng (Pimpinella alpina KDS or Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.)  extract
Place and Duration of Study: Ikhsan Farm, Sei Glugur Village, Pancur Batu District, Indonesia, between December 2023 and March 2024.
Methodology: The research was carried out by administering various doses of purwoceng extract to Etawa crossbreed bucks and then observing mating with Etawa crossbreed doe. The treatment given was administration of purwoceng extract in amounts P0 (0 mg), P1 (400 mg), P2 (800 mg), and P3 (1400 mg). The research parameters were the frequency of mounting does, the frequency of penetration, the number of doe mounted and the number of doe penetrated.
Results: There was an increase in the values of all parameters. The lowest frequency of mounting doe is P0, namely 17 and the highest is P3, namely 32. The lowest frequency of penetration is P0, namely 12 and the highest is 20. The lowest number of doe mounted is P0 and P1, namely 5 and the highest is P3, namely 7. The lowest number of doe penetrations is P0 and P1 are 5 and the highest are P2 and P3, namely 6.
Conclusion: The best treatment is the addition of 800 mg of purwoceng extract (P2), Because the highest number of penetrating doe has the same value between P2 and P3, it will be more efficient if the treatment used is P2.