bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Ring‐Closing Metathesis Reactions on Azinium Salts: Straightforward Access to Quinolizinium Cations and Their Dihydro Derivatives.
Authors: Nunez Ana , Abarca Beatriz , Cuadro Ana M. , Alvarez‐Builla Julio , Vaquero Juan J.
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis Leading to Novel 2,4,6‐Trisubstituted Quinazoline Derivatives, Their Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activity Against THP‐1, HL‐60 and A375 Cell Lines.
Authors: Chandrika P. Mani , Yakaiah T. , Narsaiah B. , Sridhar V. , Venugopal G. , Rao J. Venkateshwara , Kumar K. Pranay , Murthy U. S. N. , Rao A. Raghu Ram
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Combinatorial Biocatalysis for a Unique Ring Expansion of Dihydroxymethylzearalenone.
Authors: Rich Joseph O. , Budde Cheryl L. , McConeghey Luke D. , Cotterill Ian C. , Mozhaev Vadim V. , Singh Sheo B. , Goetz Michael A. , Zhao Annie , Michels Peter C. , Khmelnitsky Yuri L.
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonyl Allylation: Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure α‐Substituted Allylboronic Esters.
Authors: Fernandez Enrique , Pietruszka Joerg
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed P—C Bond Forming Reactions Between Diphenylphosphine and ortho‐Substituted Aryl Bromides.
Authors: Damian Karen , Clarke Matthew L. , Cobley Christopher J.
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Terpenoids from Isodon sculponeata
Authors: Wang Fei , Li Xiang‐Mei , Liu Ji‐Kai
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoinduced Thiol—Ene Coupling as a Click Ligation Tool for Thiodisaccharide Synthesis.
Authors: Fiore Michele , Marra Alberto , Dondoni Alessandro
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Lycopladines F and G, New C16N2‐Type Alkaloids with an Additional C4N Unit from Lycopodium complanatum.
Authors: Ishiuchi Kan'ichiro , Kubota Takaaki , Hayashi Shigeki , Shibata Toshiro , Kobayashi Jun'ichi
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Daphenylline (I), a New Alkaloid with an Unusual Skeleton, from Daphniphyllum longeracemosum
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Di Yong‐Tong , Li Chun‐Shun , Fang Xin , Tan Cheng‐Jian , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Yu , He Hong‐Ping , Li Shun‐Lin , Hao Xiao‐Jiang
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies of Traditional Folk Medicines in Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous. Part 2. Research for Chemical Constituents of Xinjiang Licorice.
Authors: Iwasaki Noriaki , Baba Masaki , Aishan Halisha , Okada Yoshihito , Okuyama Toru
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Biselyngbyaside (I), a Macrolide Glycoside from the Marine Cyanobacterium Lyngbya sp.
Authors: Teruya Toshiaki , Sasaki Hiroaki , Kitamura Kazuhiro , Nakayama Takeshi , Suenaga Kiyotake
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Scyphiphorins C and D, Two New Iridoid Glycosides from the Chinese Mangrove Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea.
Authors: Tao Shu‐Hong , Qi Shu‐Hua , Zhang Si , Xiao Zhi‐Hui , Li Qing‐Xin
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Properties of Ferromagnetic Nanostructures
Authors: Valenzuela R. , Alvarez G. , Mata‐Zamora M. E.
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Bulrush‐like Double Perovskite: Synthesis, Tunneling Magnetoresistance, and Magnetocaloric Effects
Authors: Zhong W. , Tang N. J. , Au C. T. , Du Y. W.
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐State Kinetics and Catalytic Behavior of Selective Oxidation Catalysts from Time‐Resolved XAFS Investigations
Authors: Ressler T.
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The ID03 Surface Diffraction Beamline for in situ and Real‐Time X‐Ray Investigations of Catalytic Reactions at Surfaces
Authors: Balmes O. , van Rijn R. , Wermeille D. , Resta A. , Petit L. , Isern H. , Dufrane T. , Felici R.
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Applications of Acyclic (Diene)iron Complexes and (Dienyl)iron Cations in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Donaldson William A. , Chaudhury Subhabrata
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Controlled Iterative Cross‐Coupling: On the Way to the Automation of Organic Synthesis
Authors: Wang Congyang , Glorius Frank
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Azepine‐2,5‐diones and Derivatives as Precursors in Synthesis of Fused Heterocyclic Ring Systems
Authors: Camoutsis Charalabos , Fousteris Manolis A. , Nikolaropoulos S. S.
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Protecting Group Free Synthesis as an Opportunity for Invention
Authors: Young Ian S. , Baran Phil S.
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Dimerization and Self‐Sorting of Tetraurea Calix[4]arenes
Authors: Rudzevich Valentyn , Rudzevich Yuliya , Boehmer Volker
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Thieme Chemistry Journal Awardees — Where Are They Now? Triflic Imide Catalyzed Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Takasu Kiyosei
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Perspective Distilled from Seventy Years of Research
Authors: Roberts John D.
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Methods for Stereoselective Polypropionate Synthesis: A Survey
Authors: Li Jun , Menche Dirk
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: π‐Conjugation Enlargement Toward the Creation of Multi‐Porphyrinic Systems with Large Two‐Photon Absorption Properties.
Authors: Aratani Naoki , Kim Dongho , Osuka Atsuhiro
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Functionalized Chiral Ionic Liquids: A New Type of Asymmetric Organocatalysts and Nonclassical Chiral Ligands
Authors: Luo Sanzhong , Zhang Long , Cheng Jin‐Pei
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of 2H‐Cyclohepta[b]furan‐2‐one: Synthesis, Transformation and Spectral Properties
Authors: Morita Noboru , Toyota Kozo , Ito Shunji
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Methods for the Incorporation of Carbon‐11 to Generate Radiopharmaceuticals for PET Imaging
Authors: Scott Peter J. H.
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermochemistry of Organomagnesium Compounds
Authors: Liebman Joel F.
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of P‐Stereogenic Phosphines via Enantioselective Alkylation
Authors: Imamoto Tsuneo
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Targeting Mitochondria with Organelle‐Specific Compounds: Strategies and Applications
Authors: Yousif Lema F. , Stewart Kelly M. , Kelley Shana O.
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Calixarene‐Based Fluorescent Molecular Sensors for Toxic Metals
Authors: Leray Isabelle , Valeur Bernard
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The pKBHX Database: Toward a Better Understanding of Hydrogen‐Bond Basicity for Medicinal Chemists
Authors: Laurence Christian , Brameld Ken A. , Graton Jerome , Le Questel Jean‐Yves , Renault Erick
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Conjugated Polyelectrolytes as New Platforms for Drug Screening
Authors: An Lingling , Wang Shu
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Fragment‐Based QSR: Perspectives in Drug Design
Authors: Salum Livia B. , Andricopulo Adriano D.
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Role of Hydrogen‐Bonding Interactions in the Ultrafast Relaxation Dynamics of the Excited States of 3‐ and 4‐Aminofluoren‐9‐ones
Authors: Mondal Jahur A. , Samant Vaishali , Varne Mahendra , Singh Ajay K. , Ghanty Tapan K. , Ghosh Hirendra N. , Palit Dipak K.
Published: October 2009

The dynamics of the excited states of 3‐ and 4‐aminofluoren‐9‐ones (3AF and 4AF, respectively) are investigated in different kinds of solvents by using a subpicosecond time‐resolved absorption spectroscopic technique. They undergo hydrogen‐bonding interaction with protic solvents in both the ground and excited states. However, this interaction is more significant in the lowest excited singlet (S1) state because of its substantial intramolecular charge‐transfer character. Significant differences in the spectroscopic characteristics and temporal dynamics of the S1 states of 3AF and 4AF in aprotic and protic solvents reveal that the intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding interaction between the S1 state and protic solvents plays an important role in its relaxation process. Perfect linear correlation between the relaxation times of the S1 state and the longitudinal relaxation times (τL) of alcoholic solvents confirms the prediction regarding the solvation process via hydrogen‐bond reorganization. In the case of weakly interacting systems, the relaxation process can be well described by a dipolar solvation‐like process involving rotation of the OH groups of the alcoholic solvents, whereas in solvents having a strong hydrogen‐bond‐donating ability, for example, methanol and trifluoroethanol, it involves the conversion of the non‐hydrogen‐bonded form to the hydrogen‐bonded complex of the S1 state. Efficient radiationless deactivation of the S1 state of the aminofluorenones by protic solvents is successfully explained by the energy‐gap law, by using the energy of the fully solvated S1 state determined from the time‐resolved spectroscopic data.
Corporate social reporting in Italian multi‐utility companies: an empirical analysis
Authors: Mio Chiara
Published: October 2009

The objective of this research was to investigate the terms and conditions that facilitate the quality of sustainability, environmental and social reports of listed multi‐utility companies in Italy, taking into account the emerging link between the quality of such reports and some variables (turnover, employees, complexity, etc.). Starting from the sample of companies from the multi‐utility sector (chosen because the utilities sector is subject to particular attention and pressure by customers and the community), an evaluation of already‐implemented criteria and the principles of sustainability reporting is provided, going through each report.

This paper also highlights the different maturity levels of companies in the application of the principles required by the main reporting models used in the world (Global Reporting Initiative Third Generation: GRI‐G3; AA1000 SES Accountability 1000: AA1000), and investigates the reasons for the different approaches to the models' various principles/criteria. Both the level of the materiality of the reports and the inclusiveness of stakeholders are lower than other principles, even for sustainability reports from companies with a high level of compliance. As a result of this study, strategic motivation has been recognized as the discriminatory element with respect to the quality of reports, especially in companies of considerable size. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Cell contact interaction between adipose‐derived stromal cells and allo‐activated T lymphocytes
Authors: Quaedackers Monique E. , Baan Carla C. , Weimar Willem , Hoogduijn Martin J.
Published: October 2009

Mesenchymal stromal cells regulate immune cell function via the secretion of soluble factors. Cell membrane interactions between these cell types may play an additional role. Here, we demonstrate that subpopulations of allo‐activated T cells are capable of binding to human adipose‐derived stromal cells (ASC). The bound T‐cell population contained CD8+ T cells and was enriched for CD4−CD8− T cells, whereas the proportion of CD4+ T cells was decreased compared with the non‐bound T‐cell population. Bound CD4+ T cells had high proliferative activity and increased CD25 and FoxP3 expression. However, they also expressed CD127, excluding regulatory T‐cell function. In CD8+ T cells, IL‐2 sensitivity, as determined by the analysis of phosphorylated STAT5, was lower in the presence of ASC and even lower in bound cells. In contrast, IL‐2‐induced phosphorylated STAT5 levels were higher in bound CD4+ T cells than in non‐bound CD4+ T cells. Additionally, pro‐proliferative TGF‐β signalling via endoglin and SMAD1/5/8 phosphorylation was detected in bound CD4+ T cells. Even after prolonged co‐culture with ASC, the activated phenotype of bound CD4+ T cells persisted. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that the binding of lymphocytes to ASC represents an immunomodulatory mechanism in which CD8+ T cells are inhibited in their responsiveness to pro‐inflammatory stimuli and reactive CD4+ T cells are depleted from the immune response.
Lead(II) Hybrid Materials from 3‐ or 4‐Phosphonobenzoic Acid
Authors: Rueff Jean‐Michel , Perez Olivier , Leclaire André , Couthon‐Gourvès Hélène , Jaffrès Paul‐Alain
Published: October 2009

Three new hybrid organic‐inorganic materials Pb3(H2O)2(p‐PO3C6H4CO2)2 (2), Pb6(H2O)2(p‐PO3C6H4CO2)4 (3), and Pb5(p‐PO3C6H4COOH)2(p‐PO3C6H4CO2)2 (4) have been synthesized by hydrothermal treatment involving PbII salts and a rigid heterodifunctional precursor 4‐phosphonobenzoic acid {p‐PO(OH)2C6H4COOH}. The use of 3‐phosphonobenzoic acid {m‐PO(OH)2C6H4COOH} as another rigid organic precursor is also reported. These two organic building units possess two distinct functional groups (phosphonic acid and carboxylic acid) both having the aptitude to generate chemical bonds with a metallic precursor. The structures of the produced materials have been solved by means of single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data. It was observed that the use of the 4‐phosphonobenzoic acid produces the hybrids 2, 3, or 4 that possess a layered structure. In these three materials, the inorganic planes are linked together via an organic bridge. For 2, 3 and 4 the understanding of the stacking of the organic molecules within the layer, the influence of the electronic lone pair and the water molecules is discussed.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
[Tris(pyrazolyl)methane]ruthenium Complexes Capable of Inhibiting Cancer Cell Growth
Authors: Walker Jesse M. , McEwan Alexis , Pycko Roxanne , Tassotto Mary Lynn , Gottardo Christine , Th'ng John , Wang Ruiyao , Spivak Gregory J.
Published: October 2009

The [tris(pyrazolyl)methane]ruthenium complexes [(κ3‐tpm)RuCl(solv)2]PF6 [tpm = tris(pyrazolyl)methane; solv = MeCN, dmso] and [(κ3‐tpm)RuCl(LL)]PF6 [LL = κ2‐dppe, κ2‐dppp, κ2‐dppb, (PMePh2)2] have been prepared, characterized and screened in vitro for their antiproliferative properties against the MCF‐7 (breast) and HeLa (cervical) cancer cell lines by using the MTT assay. Although the MeCN and dmso complexes showed no activity under the conditions used, the phosphane complexes exhibited remarkable cytotoxic behaviour. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
1,1′‐Diborylferrocenes from [2]Boraferrocenophanes by Boron–Boron Exchange
Authors: Braunschweig Holger , Grünewald Bernd , Schwab Katrin , Sigritz Rainer
Published: October 2009

The reactivity of [2]boraferrocenophane [(η5‐C5H4)–BNMe2–BNMe2–(η5‐C5H4)Fe] (3) with borane and diborane compounds was examined, resulting in the complete loss of the–BNMe2–BNMe2– bridge and the concomitant formation of 1,1′‐borylated ferrocenes. With this unprecedented reactivity pattern, an alternative access to this class of compounds is established.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
The long‐term effect of social comparison on academic performance
Authors: Wehrens Maike J. P. W. , Kuyper Hans , Dijkstra Pieternel , Buunk Abraham P. , van der Werf Margaretha P. C.
Published: October 2009

The present study was part of a large‐scale cohort study among several thousand students in the Netherlands. The purpose of the study was to investigate the long‐term effects of comparison choice, i.e., comparison with a target performing better or worse than oneself, and academic comparative evaluation, i.e., the extent to which one thinks one's performance is better or worse than that of others, on scores on standardized tests for reading comprehension and mathematics. While controlling for earlier performance, the results showed that both comparison choice and academic comparative evaluation positively predicted test scores over a period of 2 years. Moreover, it was found that the positive effect of comparison choice only applied to students with a favorable comparative evaluation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Beyond the information given: The power of a belief in self‐interest
Authors: Vuolevi Joel H. K. , Van Lange Paul A. M.
Published: October 2009

How do we interpret other's behavior when we lack important pieces of information? Do we give the other the benefit of the doubt, believing that the other behaves in a fair manner? Or do we “fill in the blanks” with self‐interest? To address these questions, we designed a new method—the dice‐rolling paradigm—in which participants observed another person assigning outcomes by rolling two dice and allocating one of them to the participant, who only had information about one of the two dice. Using different baselines, the results revealed that participants underestimated the outcomes the other allocated to the participants, and overestimated the outcomes the other allocated to self, indicating that people assume self‐interest from others when information is incomplete. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dual‐enzyme, co‐immobilized capillary microreactor combined with substrate recycling for high‐sensitive glutamate determination based on CE
Authors: Yang Li , Shi Jing , Chen Cuijie , Wang Shaoming , Zhu Liande , Xie Wenlin , Guo Liping
Published: October 2009

A new method for high‐sensitive determination of glutamate was developed and evaluated based on CE by using dual‐enzyme co‐immobilized capillary microreactor combined with substrate recycling. The capillary microreactor was prepared by covalently co‐immobilizing glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) on the inner surface of a capillary and was characterized by SEM, ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The GDH‐GPT co‐immobilized capillary microreactor showed great stability and reproducibility. The apparent Km for glutamate with GDH‐GPT coupled reaction was determined to be 0.61±0.06 mM but 2.56±0.24 mM when only GDH was immobilized. Glutamate determination was based on on‐column monitoring UV absorption at 340 nm of the reaction product reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, of which peak area was directly related to the glutamate concentration. The response of the present co‐immobilized GDH‐GPT assay for glutamate is greatly enhanced over single enzyme system, and a 15.7‐fold improvement in sensitivity was obtained. The detection limit of the proposed method is 0.15 μM glutamate (S/N=3). Selectivity for glutamate is good over most of the 20 amino acids. Finally, this method was successfully applied to determine the glutamate content in rat plasma and serum samples.
A splicing model‐based DNA‐computing approach on microfluidic chip
Authors: Xie Hua , Li Bowei , Qin Jianhua , Huang Zhende , Zhu Yisheng , Lin Bingcheng
Published: October 2009

DNA computing is a new computation form based on DNA biochemical reactions, which is mainly composed of sticker and splicing computation models. In this work, a microfluidic chip‐based approach was established for splicing model‐based DNA computing. A finite automaton with two input symbols (a, b) and three states (S0, S1, and S2) was applied in the pattern recognition for isosceles triangles. The DNA computation processes of automaton were realized through DNA digestion, ligation, DNA separation, and detection on the microfluidic chip. The established approach is efficient, controllable, and easy to integrate, which paves the way for the building of complete biomolecular computers in the future.
Outage minimisation in wireless relay networks with delay constraints and causal channel feedback
Authors: Li James C. F. , Dey Subhrakanti
Published: October 2009

Motivated by delay‐sensitive information transmission applications, we solve an optimal power allocation problem with aK‐block delay constraint on data transmission using a cooperative relay network assuming a block fading channel model. Channel information is fed back to the transmitter only in a causal fashion, so that the optimal power allocation strategy is only based on the current and past channel gains. We consider the two simplest schemes for information transmission using a three node (a source, a relay and a destination) relay network, namely the amplify and forward (AF) and decode and forward (DF) protocols. We use a dynamic programming (DP) based methodology to solve a (K‐block delay constrained) general expected cost optimisation problem with a short term (overKblocks) sum power (total transmission power of the source and the relay) constraint. By specialising the cost function appropriately, we solve the delay constrained outage minimisation problem in this paper. We also propose a simple but sub‐optimal power allocation scheme based on a high signal to noise ratio (SNR) approximation, which is computationally much less demanding than the DP‐based optimal method. Extensive numerical results are presented for Rayleigh and Rician fading channels, including results demonstrating the performance gain obtained by optimally allocating the (sum of source and relay) power to the different blocks as opposed to equally distributing the total power across all blocks. The accuracy of the high SNR approximation based power allocation scheme is also illustrated. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Friedhof der Fischsaurier
Authors: Stinnesbeck Wolfgang , Frey Eberhard , Leppe Cartes Marcelo
Published: October 2009

Vor 120 Millionen Jahren gingen am Rande des Tyndall‐Gletschers die Ichthyosaurier zugrunde. Nun ergründen Paläontologen, wie es zu dem Massensterben auf engstem Raum kam – eine Spurensuche im chilenischen Nationalpark Torres del Paine
Hemochromatosis in Italy in the Last 30 Years: Role of Genetic and Acquired Factors
Authors: Fracanzani Anna Ludovica , Piperno Alberto , Valenti Luca , Fraquelli Mirella , Coletti Sabina , Maraschi Alessandra , Consonni Dario , Coviello Enzo , Conte Dario , Fargion Silvia
Published: October 2009

The clinical presentation of hereditary hemochromatosis has changed markedly in recent years. The aim of this study was to analyze a large series of consecutive Italian patients with hemochromatosis diagnosed between 1976 and 2007 to determine whether the genetic background and the presence of acquired risk factors influenced the severity of iron overload and the natural history of the disease. A cohort of 452 Italian patients with iron overload—338 HFE-related (C282Y homozygotes or compound C82Y/H63D heterozygotes) and 114 non–HFE-related—were followed prospectively for a median of 112 months. Alcohol intake, smoking habits, and iron removed to depletion were similar in patients with and without HFE-related iron overload. Hepatitis B virus (4% and 9%;

P

= 0.04) and hepatitis C virus (6% and 19%;

P

= 0.002) infections were more frequent in patients with non–HFE-related iron overload. Seventy-three percent of patients with HFE and 61% of patients with non–HFE-related disease had no acquired risk factor. Cirrhosis was significantly more frequent in non-HFE patients independent of the presence of acquired risk factors (

P

= 0.02). Sex, alcohol intake, prevalence of smoking, hepatitis C virus infection, glucose, lipids, iron-related parameters, and prevalence of C282Y/H63D differed significantly over the years. At enrollment, cirrhosis was present in 145 cases and was significantly more frequent in the first decade (80%, 47%, and 13%;

P

= 0.001). Survival did not differ across the decades in cirrhotic patients; hepatocellular carcinoma occurred similarly in HFE and non-HFE patients.

Conclusion

: Patients with HFE and non–HFE-related iron overload have comparable iron overload and similar clinical history. Patients who were diagnosed during the last 10 years and were not identified as cirrhotic at enrollment have less severe disease and lower prevalence of acquired risk factors, independent of genetic background. (Hepatology 2010;51:501–510.)
Chronic Administration of Valproic Acid Inhibits Activation of Mouse Hepatic Stellate Cells in Vitro and in Vivo
Authors: Mannaerts Inge , Nuytten Nele R. , Rogiers Vera , Vanderkerken Karin , van Grunsven Leo A. , Geerts Albert
Published: October 2009

Hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation is a pivotal step in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. The clarification of this transdifferentiation process is therefore important for the development of effective therapies for fibrosis. We analyzed the effect of a histone deacetylase inhibitor, valproic acid (VPA), on mouse HSC transdifferentiation

in vitro

and

in vivo

. The exposure of freshly isolated mouse HSCs to 2.5 mM VPA led to increased histone H4 acetylation and inhibited cell proliferation. Expression of stellate cell activation markers analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting revealed that treatment with VPA inhibited the induction of activation markers such as

Acta2

,

Lox

,

Spp1

, and

Myh11

. Treatment of mice with VPA decreased collagen deposition and

in vivo

activation of stellate cells in the livers of CCl4-treated mice. Class I histone deacetylase silencing through RNA interference in mouse HSCs only partially mimicked treatment with VPA.

Conclusion:

Chronic administration of VPA results in a marked decrease in stellate cell activation both

in vitro

and

in vivo

. We hypothesize that the VPA effect results partially from class I histone deacetylase inhibition, but that also non-histone deacetylase class I VPA targets are involved in the stellate cell activation process. (Hepatology 2010.)
Quercetin‐induced upregulation of human GCLC gene is mediated by cis‐regulatory element for early growth response protein‐1 (EGR1) in INS‐1 beta‐cells
Authors: Kang Jung‐Hoon , Chang Seo‐Yoon , Jang Hyun‐Jong , Cho Jae Min , Kim Dong‐Bin , Lee Seong Su , Ko Seung Hyun , Park Yong‐Moon , Needs Paul W. , Jo Yang‐Hyeok , Kim Myung‐Jun
Published: October 2009

The catalytic subunit of γ‐glutamylcysteine ligase (GCLC) catalyses the rate‐limiting step in the de novo synthesis of glutathione (GSH), which is involved in maintaining intracellular redox balance. GSH is especially important for antioxidant defense system since beta‐cells show intrinsically low expression of antioxidant enzymes. In the present study, we investigated the regulatory mechanisms by which quercetin, a flavonoid, induces the expression of the GCLC gene in rat pancreatic beta‐cell line INS‐1. Promoter study found that the proximal GC‐rich region (from −90 to −34) of the GCLC promoter contained the quercetin‐responsive cis‐element(s). The quercetin‐responsive region contains consensus DNA binding site for early growth response 1 (EGR1) at ‐67 (5′‐CGCCTCCGC‐3′) which overlaps with a putative Sp1 binding site. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that an oligonucleotide containing the EGR1 site was bound to nuclear factors EGR1, Sp1, and Sp3. In the promoter analysis, mutation of EGR1 site significantly reduced the quercetin response, whereas mutation of Sp1 site decreased only the basal activity of the GCLC promoter. Additionally, the transient overexpression of EGR1 significantly increased basal activity of the GCLC promoter. Finally, we showed that quercetin potently induced both EGR1 mRNA and its protein levels without affecting the expression of Sp1 and Sp3 proteins. Therefore, we concluded that EGR1 was bound to GC‐rich region of the GCLC gene promoter, which was prerequisite for the transactivation of the GCLC gene by quercetin. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 1346–1355, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in human cholangiocarcinoma cells treated withClonorchis sinensisexcretory–secretory products
Authors: Pak Jhang Ho , Moon Ju Hyun , Hwang Seung‐Jun , Cho Shin‐Hyeong , Seo Sang‐Beom , Kim Tong‐Soo
Published: October 2009

SevereClonorchis sinensisinfection is a significant risk factor for malignant changes in bile ducts and surrounding liver tissues occurring as a result of direct contact withC. sinensisworms and their excretory–secretory products (ESP). However, the intrinsic molecular mechanisms involved in these processes remain obscure. To determine the effects ofC. sinensisinfection on protein expression in host bile duct epithelium, we examined proteomic profile changes in the human cholangiocarcinoma cell line (HuCCT1) treated with ESP at 24 h. Using a combination of 2‐DE, quantitative image and MALDI‐TOF MS analysis, we identified 83 proteins that were translationally modulated in response to ESP, among which 49 were up‐regulated and 34 down‐regulated. These proteins were classified under various biological categories, including metabolism, cell structure and architecture, proteolysis, protein modification, transport, signal transduction, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification. In particular, ESP induced the expression of redox‐regulating proteins, including peroxiredoxins (Prdx 2, 3, and 6) and thioredoxin 1 (Trx 1), possibly via intracellular ROS generation. Application of the proteomic approach to identify ESP response proteins should be a prerequisite before further investigation to clarify the molecular pathways and mechanisms involved inC. sinensisinfection of host cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 1376–1388, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
VASP phosphorylation at serine239 regulates the effects of NO on smooth muscle cell invasion and contraction of collagen
Authors: Defawe Olivier D. , Kim Sarah , Chen Lihua , Huang Daming , Kenagy Richard D. , Renné Thomas , Walter Ulrich , Daum Günter , Clowes Alexander W.
Published: October 2009

Nitric oxide triggers cGMP‐dependent kinase‐mediated phosphorylation of the actin regulator vasodilator‐stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) at residue serine239. The function of this phosphorylation for smooth muscle cell (SMC) adhesion, spreading, matrix contraction, and invasion is not well understood. We reconstituted VASP deficient SMC with wild‐type VASP (wt‐VASP) or VASP mutants that mimic “locked” serine239 phosphorylation (S239D‐VASP) or “blocked” serine239 phosphorylation (S239A‐VASP). Collagen gel contraction was reduced in S239D‐VASP compared to S239A‐VASP and wt‐VASP expressing cells and nitric oxide (NO) stimulation decreased gel contraction of wt‐VASP reconstituted SMC. Invasion of collagen was enhanced in S239D‐VASP and NO‐stimulated wild‐type SMCs compared to S239A‐VASP expressing cells. Expression of S239D‐VASP impaired SMC attachment to collagen, reduced the number of membrane protrusions, and caused cell rounding compared to expression of S239A‐VASP. Treatment of wt‐VASP reconstituted SMCs with NO exerted similar effects as expression of S239D‐VASP. As unstimulated cells were spreading on collagen S239A‐VASP and wt‐VASP localized to actin fibers whereas S239D‐VASP was enriched in the cytosol. NO interferes with SMC invasion and contraction of collagen matrices. This requires phosphorylation of VASP on serine239, which reduces VASP binding to actin fibers. These findings support the conclusion that VASP phosphorylation at serine239 regulates cytoskeleton remodeling. J. Cell. Physiol. 222:230–237, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
GATA3 in development and cancer differentiation: Cells GATA have it!
Authors: Chou Jonathan , Provot Sylvain , Werb Zena
Published: October 2009

There is increasing evidence that the numerous mechanisms that regulate cell differentiation during normal development are also involved in tumorigenesis. In breast cancer, differentiation markers expressed by the primary tumor are routinely profiled to guide clinical decisions. Indeed, numerous studies have shown that the differentiation profile correlates with the metastatic potential of tumors. The transcription factor GATA3 has emerged recently as a strong predictor of clinical outcome in human luminal breast cancer. In the mammary gland, GATA3 is required for luminal epithelial cell differentiation and commitment, and its expression is progressively lost during luminal breast cancer progression as cancer cells acquire a stem cell‐like phenotype. Importantly, expression of GATA3 in GATA3‐negative, undifferentiated breast carcinoma cells is sufficient to induce tumor differentiation and inhibits tumor dissemination in a mouse model. These findings demonstrate the exquisite ability of a differentiation factor to affect malignant properties, and raise the possibility that GATA3 or its downstream genes could be used in treating luminal breast cancer. This review highlights our recent understanding of GATA3 in both normal mammary development and tumor differentiation. J. Cell. Physiol. 222:42–49, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor 1 degradation in mouse eggs and impact on [Ca2+]i oscillations
Authors: Lee Bora , Yoon Sook‐Young , Malcuit Chris , Parys Jan B. , Fissore Rafael A.
Published: October 2009

The initiation of normal embryo development depends on the completion of all events of egg activation. In all species to date, egg activation requires an increase(s) in the intracellular concentration of calcium ([Ca2+]i), which is almost entirely mediated by inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor 1 (IP3R1). In mammalian eggs, fertilization‐induced [Ca2+]i responses exhibit a periodic pattern that are called [Ca2+]i oscillations. These [Ca2+]i oscillations are robust at the beginning of fertilization, which occurs at the second metaphase of meiosis, but wane as zygotes approach the pronuclear stage, time after which in the mouse oscillations cease altogether. Underlying this change in frequency are cellular and biochemical changes associated with egg activation, including degradation of IP3R1, progression through the cell cycle, and reorganization of intracellular organelles. In this study, we investigated the system requirements for IP3R1 degradation and examined the impact of the IP3R1 levels on the pattern of [Ca2+]i oscillations. Using microinjection of IP3 and of its analogs and conditions that prevent the development of [Ca2+]i oscillations, we show that IP3R1 degradation requires uniform and persistently elevated levels of IP3. We also established that progressive degradation of the IP3R1 results in [Ca2+]i oscillations with diminished periodicity while a near complete depletion of IP3R1s precludes the initiation of [Ca2+]i oscillations. These results provide insights into the mechanism involved in the generation of [Ca2+]i oscillations in mouse eggs. J. Cell. Physiol. 222:238–247, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simultaneous wet ball milling and mild acid hydrolysis of rice hull
Authors: Zhou Jinxiang , Chen Ding , Zhu Yonghua , Liao Hongdong , Yuan Li , Chen Zhenhua , Liu Xuanming
Published: October 2009

BACKGROUND: Rice hull, an abundant residue but a big issue for the rice processing industry, has the potential to serve as a feedstock for production of ethanol because of its lignocellulosic composition. Simultaneous wet ball milling and mild acid hydrolysis of rice hull was studied in this work.

RESULTS: Ball milling with 150 small stainless steel beads and rotation speed of 600 rpm in citrate solvent of pH 4 was the optimal condition for hydrolysis, and the yield of sugar increased with increased milling time. Corresponding structure transformations before and after milling analyzed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and transmission fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) clearly indicate that this hydrolysis could be attributed to the crystalline and chemical structure changes of cellulose in rice hull during ball milling in mild acid solvent.

CONCLUSION: This combined treatment of ball milling and citrate solvent greatly changed the crystalline and chemical structure and continuously generated sites accessible to citrate solvent, thus enabling hydrolysis of the rice hull. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Different combinations of salts affect the growth and bacteriocin production by Lactobacillus salivarius CRL 1328
Authors: Juárez Tomás María Silvina , Bru Elena , Nader‐Macías María Elena
Published: October 2009

BACKGROUND: The culture medium for optimal growth of vaginal Lactobacillus salivarius CRL 1328 is different from that for optimal bacteriocin production. To simultaneously obtain high amount of biomass and bacteriocin of this microorganism, the effects of different basal culture media and salts on both responses were evaluated. The study was performed by using a complete factorial experimental design 26, with central points. Sixty‐four different growth media, which resulted from the combinations of two basal culture media and two concentrations of five salts (ammonium citrate, sodium acetate, MgSO4, MnSO4, and K2HPO4) were assayed.

RESULTS: Only the addition of MnSO4 to each culture medium significantly stimulated the growth of L. salivarius. The presence of sodium acetate or MgSO4 stimulated the bacteriocin production, while MnSO4 and K2HPO4 exerted an inhibitory effect. However, the simultaneous addition of MnSO4 and sodium acetate to both basal culture media allowed high bacteriocin levels to be reached, attenuating the inhibitory effect of Mn2+.

CONCLUSIONS: The application of a complete experimental design contributed to simultaneous optimization of the biomass and bacteriocin production of L. salivarius CRL 1328. The results obtained are potentially applicable to the technological production of probiotic bacteria and antagonistic substance to be included in a probiotic pharmaceutical product. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry