bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti-inflammatory and tissue repair effect of cinnamaldehyde and nano cinnamaldehyde on gingival fibroblasts and macrophages
Authors: Ghardashpour Mostafa , Saeedi Majid , Negarandeh Reza , Enderami Seyed Ehsan , Ghorbani Anahita , Lotfizadeh Anahita , Jafari Ali , Arezoumandi Alireza , Hassannia Hadi , Molania Tahereh
Published: December 2023

Background

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis has a complex and inflammatory origin. Among the great variety of medications it is increasingly common to use herbal medicines due to the adverse side effects of chemical medications. Considering the anti-inflammatory properties of cinnamaldehyde and the lack of studies related to the effectiveness of its nano form; This study investigates the effect of cinnamaldehyde and nano cinnamaldehyde on the healing rate of recurrent aphthous stomatitis lesions.

Methods

In a laboratory experiment, cinnamaldehyde was converted into niosomal nanoparticles. The niosome vesicles diameter and polydispersity index were measured at 25°C using a dynamic light scattering (DLS) Mastersizer 2000 (Malvern Panalytical technologies: UK) and Zetasizer Nano ZS system (Malvern Instruments Worcestershire: UK). After characterizing these particles, the (2,3-Bis-(2-Methoxy-4-Nitro-5-Sulfophenyl)-2H-Tetrazolium-5-Carboxanilide) [XTT] assay was used to assess the toxicity of cinnamaldehyde and nano cinnamaldehyde on gingival fibroblast (HGF) and macrophage (THP-1) cells. By determining the release of TNF-α, IL-6, and TGF-β cytokines using ELISA kits, the level of tissue repair and anti-inflammatory capabilities of these two substances were evaluated.

Results

The size and loading rate of the cinnamaldehyde nanoparticles were established after its creation. The optimized nanovesicle exhibited the following characteristics: particle size of 228.75 ± 2.38 nm, PDI of 0.244 ± 0.01, the zeta potential of -10.87 ± 1.09 mV and the drug encapsulation percentage of 66.72 ± 3.93%. PDIs range was between 0.242–0.274. The zeta potential values at 25°C were from -2.67 to -12.9 mV. The results of the XTT test demonstrated that nano cinnamaldehyde exhibited dose-dependent toxicity effects. Moreover, nano cinnamaldehyde released more TGF-β and had better reparative effects when taken at lower concentrations than cinnamaldehyde.

Conclusion

Nano cinnamaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde are effective in repairing tissue when used in non-toxic amounts. After confirmation in animal models, it is envisaged that these substances can be utilized to treat recurrent aphthous stomatitis.
Validation of the Malay version of Epworth sleepiness scale for children and adolescents (MESS-CHAD)
Authors: Lee Wan Ying , Lau May Nak , Soh Eunice Xinwei , Yuen Sze Wan , Ashari Asma , Radzi Zamri
Published: December 2023

Background

Epworth Sleepiness Scale for Children and Adolescents (ESS-CHAD) is a valid and reliable eight-item self-administered questionnaire for the assessment of excessive daytime sleepiness and is commonly used to screen sleep-disordered breathing for children and adolescents. The cross-sectional study aimed to translate and cross-culturally adapt ESS-CHAD into a Malay version of Epworth Sleepiness Scale for Children and Adolescents (MESS-CHAD) for the Malaysian population, and to assess the validity and reliability of MESS-CHAD.

Methods

Forward-backward translation method was used to translate and cross-culturally adapt ESS-CHAD. Three linguistic experts and two paediatricians content validated the translated version. Face validity was conducted through audio-recorded semi-structured in-depth interviews with 14 native Malay-speaking children and adolescents followed by thematic analysis. The revised questionnaire was then proofread by a linguistic expert. A total of 40 subjects answered the MESS-CHAD twice, 2 weeks apart, for test-retest reliability and internal consistency. For criterion validity, 148 eligible subjects and their parents answered MESS-CHAD and the Malay version of Sleep-Related Breathing Disorder scale extracted from the Paediatric Sleep Questionnaire (M-PSQ:SRBD) concurrently. Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) and P values of the model’s outer weight and outer loading were analysed using SmartPLS software to assess the indicator’s multicollinearity and significance for formative construct validity.

Results

Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) ranging from 0.798 to 0.932 and Cronbach’s alpha ranging from 0.813 to 0.932 confirmed good to excellent test-retest reliability and internal consistency, respectively. Spearman Correlation Coefficient value of 0.789 suggested a very strong positive correlation between MESS-CHAD and M-PSQ:SRBD. VIF ranging from 1.109 to 1.455 indicated no collinearity problem. All questionnaire items in MESS-CHAD were retained as the P value of either outer model weight or outer model loading was significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

ESS-CHAD has been translated and cross-culturally adapted into Malay version for the Malaysian population, and found to be valid and reliable.
Cost-effectiveness of a second opinion program on spine surgeries: an economic analysis
Authors: Antonioli Eliane , Tavares Malheiro Daniel , Damazio Teich Vanessa , Dias Paião Isabela , Cendoroglo Neto Miguel , Lenza Mario
Published: December 2023

Background

In this study we proposed a new strategy to measure cost-effectiveness of second opinion program on spine surgery, using as measure of effectiveness the minimal important change (MIC) in the quality of life reported by patients, including the satisfaction questionnaire regarding the treatment and direct medical costs.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of patients with prior indication for spine surgery included in a second opinion program during May 2011 to May 2019. Treatment costs and outcomes were compared considering each patients’ recommended treatment before and after the second opinion. Costs were measured under the perspective of the hospital, including hospital stay, surgical room, physician and staff fees and other costs related to hospitalization when surgery was performed and physiotherapy or injection costs when a conservative treatment was recommended. Reoperation costs were also included. For comparison analysis, we used data based on our clinical practice, using data from patients who underwent the same type of surgical procedure as recommended by the first referral. The measure of effectiveness was the percentage of patients who achieved the MIC in quality of life measured by the EQ-5D-3 L 2 years after starting treatment. An incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated.

Results

Based upon the assessment of 1,088 patients that completed the entire second opinion process, conservative management was recommended for 662 (60.8%) patients; 49 (4.5%) were recommended to injection and 377 (34.7%) to surgery. Complex spine surgery, as arthrodesis, was recommended by second opinion in only 3.7% of cases. The program resulted in financial savings of -$6,705 per patient associated with appropriate treatment indication, with an incremental effectiveness of 0.077 patients achieving MIC when compared to the first referral, resulting in an ICER of $-87,066 per additional patient achieving the MIC, ranging between $-273,016 and $-41,832.

Conclusion

After 2 years of treatment, the second opinion program demonstrated the potential for cost-offsets associated with improved quality of life.
Prediction of acute kidney injury incidence following acute type A aortic dissection surgery with novel biomarkers: a prospective observational study
Authors: Wang Zhigang , Xu Jingfang , Zhang Yu , Chen Cheng , Kong Chuiyu , Tang Lu , Jiang Yi , Yu Ronghuang , Zong Qiuyan , Zhang Lifang , Wang Dongjin
Published: December 2023

Background

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a prevalent complication following acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) surgery and is closely associated with unfavorable prognostic outcomes. Hence, the development of a robust and efficient diagnostic approach to identify high-risk patients is of paramount importance.

Methods

We conducted a prospective study involving 328 patients who underwent ATAAD surgery at our institution, comprising three distinct cohorts. In addition, 52 patients undergoing alternative cardiopulmonary surgeries and 37 healthy individuals were enrolled as control groups. Employing proteomic analysis, we initially identified plasma proteins potentially linked to AKI occurrence within the plasma proteomic cohort. Subsequent validation was performed in an independent cohort. Utilizing predictors derived from multivariate logistic regression analysis, a nomogram was meticulously formulated and its efficacy was validated in the model construction cohort.

Results

Proteomics revealed significant elevation of plasma levels of S100A8/A9, pentraxin 3 (PTX3), and chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) immediately post-surgery in patients who developed ATAAD surgery-associated AKI (ASA-AKI). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves demonstrated impressive predictive performance of S100A8/A9, PTX3, and CHI3L1 at 0 h post-surgery, yielding area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.823, 0.786, and 0.803, respectively, for ASA-AKI prediction. Furthermore, our findings exhibited positive correlations between plasma levels of S100A8/A9, PTX3, CHI3L1, and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) at 0 h post-surgery, along with correlations between plasma S100A8/A9, CHI3L1 levels, and the Cleveland Clinic score. A logistic regression model incorporating plasma S100A8/A9, PTX3, CHI3L1 levels, urinary NGAL levels, and the Cleveland Clinic score facilitated the construction of a predictive nomogram for ASA-AKI. This nomogram demonstrated robust discriminative ability, achieving an AUC of 0.963 in the model construction cohort.

Conclusions

Our study underscored the augmentation of plasma S100A8/A9, PTX3, and CHI3L1 levels immediately post-surgery in patients developing ASA-AKI. The incorporation of these three biomarkers, in conjunction with the Cleveland Clinic score and NGAL, into a nomogram demonstrated commendable predictive efficacy. This presents a practical tool for identifying patients at an elevated risk of AKI following ATAAD surgery.
Virtual reality applications based on instrumental activities of daily living (iADLs) for cognitive intervention in older adults: a systematic review
Authors: Buele Jorge , Varela-Aldás José Luis , Palacios-Navarro Guillermo
Published: December 2023

Background

In recent years, the use of virtual reality (VR) as a complementary intervention in treating cognitive impairment has significantly increased. VR applications based on instrumental activities of daily living (iADL-VR) could offer a promising approach with greater ecological validity for intervention in groups with cognitive impairments. However, the effectiveness of this approach is still debated.

Objective

This systematic review aims to synthesize the effects of iADL-VR interventions to rehabilitate, train, or stimulate cognitive functions in healthy adults and people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and different types of dementia.

Methods

A systematic search was performed in the Scopus, PubMed, IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, and APA PsycNet databases until September 2022 and repeated in April 2023. The selected studies met the search terms, were peer-reviewed, included an iADL-VR intervention, and were written in English. Descriptive, qualitative studies, reviews, cognitive assessment, non-intervention studies, those unrelated to VR or iADL, those focused on motor aspects, and non-degenerative disorders were excluded. The PEDro scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the controlled studies. To present and synthesize the results, we organized the extracted data into three tables, including PEDro scores, participant characteristics, and study characteristics.

Results

Nineteen studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. The total sample reached 590 participants, mostly women (72.67%). Approximately 30% were diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease or dementia, and 20% had mild cognitive impairment. Variables such as authors and year of publication, study design, type of intervention and VR applied, duration of the intervention, main findings, and conclusions were extracted. Regarding demographic characteristics, the sample size, age, sex, years of education, neurological diagnosis, dropouts, and the city and country where the intervention took place were recorded. Almost all studies showed improvements in some or all the outcomes after the intervention, generally greater in the iADL-VR group than in the control group.

Conclusion

iADL-VR interventions could be beneficial in improving the performance of cognitive functions in older adults and people with MCI and different types of dementia. The ecological component of these tasks makes them very suitable for transferring what has been learned to the real world. However, such transfer needs to be confirmed by further studies with larger and more homogeneous samples and longer follow-up periods. This review had no primary funding source and was registered with PROSPERO under registration ID: 375166.
Artificial Intelligence and Acute Appendicitis: A Systematic Review of Diagnostic and Prognostic Models
Authors: Issaiy Mahbod , Zarei Diana , Saghazadeh Amene
Published: December 2023

Background

To assess the efficacy of artificial intelligence (AI) models in diagnosing and prognosticating acute appendicitis (AA) in adult patients compared to traditional methods. AA is a common cause of emergency department visits and abdominal surgeries. It is typically diagnosed through clinical assessments, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. However, traditional diagnostic methods can be time-consuming and inaccurate. Machine learning models have shown promise in improving diagnostic accuracy and predicting outcomes.

Main body

A systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines was conducted, searching PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Studies were evaluated for risk of bias using the Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. Data points extracted included model type, input features, validation strategies, and key performance metrics.

Results

In total, 29 studies were analyzed, out of which 21 focused on diagnosis, seven on prognosis, and one on both. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were the most commonly employed algorithm for diagnosis. Both ANN and logistic regression were also widely used for categorizing types of AA. ANNs showed high performance in most cases, with accuracy rates often exceeding 80% and AUC values peaking at 0.985. The models also demonstrated promising results in predicting postoperative outcomes such as sepsis risk and ICU admission. Risk of bias was identified in a majority of studies, with selection bias and lack of internal validation being the most common issues.

Conclusion

AI algorithms demonstrate significant promise in diagnosing and prognosticating AA, often surpassing traditional methods and clinical scores such as the Alvarado scoring system in terms of speed and accuracy.
Prehospital blood gas analyses in acute patients treated by a ground-based physician-manned emergency unit: a cohort study
Authors: Walther Louise Houlberg , Lassen Annmarie Touborg , Mogensen Christian Backer , Christensen Erika Frischknecht , Mikkelsen Søren
Published: December 2023

Background

The prehospital patients treated by ambulances and mobile emergency care units (MECU) are potentially critically ill or injured. Knowing the risks of serious outcomes in these patients is important for guiding their treatment. Some settings allow for prehospital arterial blood gas analyses. This study aimed to assess the outcomes of prehospital patients in relation to their prehospitally measured lactate, pH, and CO2 levels. The primary outcome was 7-day mortality.

Methods

This register-based cohort study included patients with one or more prehospital blood gas analyses during their prehospital treatment by a physician-manned MECU, from January 2015 to December 2018. The blood samples were analyzed on an ABL90 Flex analyzer. Absolute values with percentages and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for the primary and secondary outcomes within prespecified subgroups.

Results

The study included 745 patients, with an overall 7-day mortality rate of 20.0%.

Lactate level

The 7-day mortality rates were 11.5% in patients with normal lactate levels (< 2.0 mmol/L), 14.4% with intermediate lactate levels (2.0–3.9 mmol/L), and 33.0% with high lactate levels (≥ 4.0 mmol/L). This corresponded to an OR of 1.30 (95% CI: 0.75–2.24) in the intermediate lactate group (2.0–3.9 mmol/L) and an OR of 3.77 (95% CI: 2.44–5.85) in the high lactate group (≥ 4.0 mmol/L), compared to the reference group with normal lactate.

pH level

The ORs of 7-day mortality rates were 4.82 (95% CI: 3.00–7.75) in patients with blood pH of < 7.35 and 1.33 (95% CI: 0.65–2.72) in patients with blood pH > 7.45, compared to the reference group with normal pH (7.35–7.45).

CO2
level

The ORs of 7-day mortality rates were 2.54 (95% CI: 1.45–4.46) in patients with blood CO2 of < 4.3 kPa and 2.62 (95% CI: 1.70–4.03) in patients with blood CO2 > 6.0 kPa, compared to the reference group with normal CO2 (4.3–6.0 kPa).

Conclusions

This study found a strong correlation between increasing 7-day mortality rates and high blood lactate levels, low levels of pH, and abnormal CO2 blood levels, in prehospital patients undergoing prehospital blood analysis.
Gut microbiome dynamics and associations with mortality in critically ill patients
Authors: Salameh Tarik J. , Roth Katharine , Schultz Lisa , Ma Zhexi , Bonavia Anthony S. , Broach James R. , Hu Bin , Howrylak Judie A.
Published: December 2023

Background

Critical illness and care within the intensive care unit (ICU) leads to profound changes in the composition of the gut microbiome. The impact of such changes on the patients and their subsequent disease course remains uncertain. We hypothesized that specific changes in the gut microbiome would be more harmful than others, leading to increased mortality in critically ill patients.

Methods

This was a prospective cohort study of critically ill adults in the ICU. We obtained rectal swabs from 52 patients and assessed the composition the gut microbiome using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. We followed patients throughout their ICU course and evaluated their mortality rate at 28 days following admission to the ICU. We used selbal, a machine learning method, to identify the balance of microbial taxa most closely associated with 28-day mortality.

Results

We found that a proportional ratio of four taxa could be used to distinguish patients with a higher risk of mortality from patients with a lower risk of mortality (p = .02). We named this binarized ratio our microbiome mortality index (MMI). Patients with a high MMI had a higher 28-day mortality compared to those with a low MMI (hazard ratio, 2.2, 95% confidence interval 1.1–4.3), and remained significant after adjustment for other ICU mortality predictors, including the presence of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) score (hazard ratio, 2.5, 95% confidence interval 1.4–4.7). High mortality was driven by taxa from the Anaerococcus (genus) and Enterobacteriaceae (family), while lower mortality was driven by Parasutterella and Campylobacter (genera).

Conclusions

Dysbiosis in the gut of critically ill patients is an independent risk factor for increased mortality at 28 days after adjustment for clinically significant confounders. Gut dysbiosis may represent a potential therapeutic target for future ICU interventions.
The effects of intermittent hypoxic training on the aerobic capacity of exercisers: a systemic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Zhihao , Yang Shulin , Li Chunyang , Xie Xingchao , Wang Yongming
Published: December 2023

Objective

To systematically review the effects of intermittent hypoxic training on the aerobic capacity of exercisers.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were electronically searched to collect studies on the effects of intermittent hypoxic training on the aerobic capacity of exercisers from January 1, 2000, to January 12, 2023. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed by using Stata SE 16.0 software.

Results

A total of 19 articles from 27 studies were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that compared with the control group, the intermittent hypoxic training group had significantly increased maximal oxygen uptake [weighted mean difference = 3.20 (95%CI: 1.33 ~ 5.08)] and hemoglobin [weighted mean difference = 0.25 (95%CI: 0.04 ~ 0.45)].

Conclusion

Intermittent hypoxic training can significantly improve the aerobic capacity of exercisers. Due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.
Bioinformatics analysis of ferroptosis-related genes and immune cell infiltration in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Zhang Huan , Axinbai Malina , Zhao Yuqing , Wei Jiaoyang , Qu Tongshuo , Kong Jingmin , He Yongqiang , Zhang Liping
Published: December 2023

Background

The morbidity and mortality rates of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have been steadily increasing in recent years. Previous studies have confirmed the important role of ferroptosis in NAFLD development; however, the precise mechanism through which ferroptosis influences NAFLD occurrence remains unclear. The present study aimed to identify and validate ferroptosis-related genes involved in NAFLD pathogenesis and to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of NAFLD.

Methods

We downloaded microarray datasets GSE72756 and GSE24807 to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between samples from healthy individuals and patients with NAFLD. From these DEGs, we extracted ferroptosis-related DEGs. GSE89632, another microarray dataset, was used to validate the expression of ferroptosis-related genes. A protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of ferroptosis-related genes was then constructed. The target genes were also subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. Finally, competing endogenous RNA networks were constructed. We used the CIBERSORT package to evaluate the infiltration of immune cells infiltration in NAFLD.

Results

Five ferroptosis-related genes (SCP2, MUC1, DPP4, SLC1A4, and TF) were identified as promising diagnostic biomarkers for NAFLD. Enrichment analyses revealed that these genes are mainly involved in metabolic processes. NEAT1-miR-1224-5p-SCP2, NEAT1-miR-485-5p-MUC1, MALAT1-miR-485-5p-MUC1, and CNOT6-miR-145-5p-SLC1A4 are likely to be the potential RNA regulatory pathways that affect NAFLD development. Principal component analysis indicated significant differences in immune cell infiltration between the two groups.

Conclusions

This study identified five ferroptosis-related genes as potential biomarkers for diagnosing NAFLD. The correlations between the expression of ferroptosis-related genes and immune cell infiltration might shed light on the study of the molecular mechanism underlying NAFLD development.
The effect of frontal trauma on the edentulous mandible with four different interforaminal implant-prosthodontic anchoring configurations. A 3D finite element analysis
Authors: Krennmair Stefan , Malek Michael , Stehrer Raphael , Stähler Philip , Otto Sven , Postl Lukas
Published: December 2023

Purpose

The present three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA) was aimed to assess the biomechanical effects and fracture risks of four different interforaminal implant-prosthodontic anchoring configurations exposed to frontal trauma.

Material and methods

A symphyseal frontal trauma of 1 MPa was applied to four dental implant models with different configurations (two unsplinted interforaminal implants [2IF-U], two splinted interforaminal implants [2IF-S], four unsplinted interforaminal implants[ 4IF-U], four splinted interforaminal implants [4IF-S]. By using a 3D-FEA analysis the effective cortical bone stress values were evaluated in four defined regions of interest (ROI) (ROI 1: symphyseal area; ROI 2: preforaminal area; ROI 3: mental foraminal area; and ROI 4: condylar neck) followed by a subsequent intermodel comparison.

Results

In all models the frontal traumatic force application revealed the highest stress values in the condylar neck region. In both models with a four-implant configuration (4IF-U, 4IF-S), the stress values in the median mandibular body (ROI 1) and in the condylar neck region (ROI 4) were significantly reduced (P <0.01) compared with the two-implant models (2IF-U, 2IF-S). However, in ROI 1, the model with four splinted implants (4IF-S) showed significantly (P < 0.01) reduced stress values compared to the unsplinted model (4IF-U). In addition, all models showed increased stress patterns in the area adjacent to the posterior implants, which is represented by increased stress values for both 2IF-U and 2IF-S in the preforaminal area (ROI 3) and for the four implant-based models (4IF-U, 4IF-S) in the mental foraminal area.

Conclusion

The configuration of four splinted interforaminal implants showed the most beneficial distribution of stress pattern representing reduced stress distribution and associated reduced fracture risk in anterior symphysis, condylar neck and preforaminal region.
Measurement of ambient particulate matter (PM1.0, PM2.5 and PM10) in Khulna City of Bangladesh and their implications for human health
Authors: Saju Jobaer Ahmed , Bari Quazi Hamidul , Mohiuddin Kazi A. B. M. , Strezov Vladimir
Published: December 2023

Atmospheric particles have been significantly affecting urban air quality and urban-oriented living in an increasing share of the population in Bangladesh. This study assessed the concentration of PM1.0, PM2.5, and PM10 in Khulna, one of the largest cities in Bangladesh located near the Bay of Bengal. The maximum average concentrations were recorded 415 ± 184.01 µg/m3 for PM10, 302 ± 109.89 µg/m3 for PM2.5, and 143 ± 45.05 µg/m3 for PM1.0. These values are several times higher than the World Health Organization air quality standard and Bangladesh National Ambient Air Quality Standard. According to the size and fractional distribution of PM, most of the monitoring locations were dominated by fine particles. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks due to exposure to ambient PM1.0, PM2.5 and PM10 were also quantified to illustrate the relevant potential human health risks. The excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) values of PM1.0 ranged from 8.6E0–4 to 6.0E–07 and PM2.5 varied between 8.6E–04 and 6.0E–07 exceeded the allowable limit at every location indicating the potential cancer-developing risk to the urban population. The health quotient (HQ) values also crossed the least permissible value at most of the locations depicting strong non-carcinogenic risks. Average HQ values of PM2.5 varied from 1.07 to 20.13 while PM10 ranged from 0.44 to 8.3. This research revealed children and elderly people as the most vulnerable age groups with the highest carcinogenic risks through exposure to atmospheric PM in Khulna city. Therefore, air pollution reduction plans and risk mitigation strategies should be developed and implemented by the government authorities.

Graphical Abstract
Motives for using social networking sites: a uses & gratifications perspective amongst people with eating disorder symptoms
Authors: Dingemans Alexandra E. , Veldhuis Jolanda , Lähde Irene
Published: December 2023

Studies investigating motives for social networking sites (SNS) use amongst people with eating disorder (ED) symptoms are scarce. The uses and gratifications theory states that people actively select media content to gratify their individual needs and this may help to explain why individuals with eating disorder symptoms choose to expose themselves to specific media content and how they choose to respond. Some evidence exists that readiness to change may be a factor related to SNS use patterns in this population. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential relationship between readiness to change ED cognitions/behaviors and SNS use motives in individuals with current or past ED symptoms, employing a uses and gratifications theory perspective. Participants were recruited from ED recovery websites; 103 individuals (16–55 years old) provided complete data. As hypothesized, ED symptom severity was inversely associated with readiness to change and time spent on (specific) SNS was not associated with ED symptom severity. The results of hierarchical regression analyses further suggested that if individuals felt less capable of overcoming their dysfunctional cognitions/behaviors about their body/eating (i.e., were less ready to change), they were more likely to be motivated to use SNSs for the purpose of impressing others and reputation management. The clinical implication is that high amounts of SNS use may not necessarily be harmful for people with EDs or recovering from EDs, whereas using SNSs for the purposes of impression management could potentially be related to being less ready to recover.
How does COVID-19-related social media usage influence disordered eating? A daily diary study among Chinese adults during lockdown
Authors: Tie Bijie , Zhu Chengquan , He Jinbo , Qiu Jiang
Published: December 2023

Background

Despite previous studies highlighting the benefits of social media use during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly under lockdown, limited research has identified the potential detrimental consequences of social media use during lockdown. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the effects of social media on mental health in particular situations and the mechanisms underlying these effects.

Methods

A daily diary protocol was adopted. A total of 96 adults (Mage = 25.90 ± 8.32 years) were recruited from Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China. COVID-19-related social media use, psychological distress, COVID-19-related stress and anxiety, and disordered eating were measured each day for a week. Multilevel path analyses for the nested data were conducted.

Results

Daily COVID-19-related social media use was positively related to daily disordered eating (r = .13 p < .001). Furthermore, the multilevel path analysis showed that psychological distress and COVID-19-related stress and anxiety mediated the relationship between COVID-19-related social media use and disordered eating at the within-person level. However, only COVID-19-related-anxiety mediated the relationship at the between-person level.

Conclusions

Our findings contribute to the understanding of social media’s impact during lockdown and provide implications for social media users, social media platform providers, mental health professionals, and governments regarding the correct and sustainable use of social media during the COVID-19 pandemic and in future public health emergencies.
Effects of object working memory load on visual search in basketball players: an eye movement study
Authors: Nian Qing , Lu Wenping , Xu Ying
Published: December 2023

Background

Working memory may affect the athletes’ visual search ability. Objective: This study aimed to examine the differences in the performance of visual search tasks among basketball players of varying sport levels, considering the influence of different object working memory loads. Method: This study recruited forty-two participants who were divided into three groups based on the classification of elite athletes: competitive elite, semi-elite, and novice. Results: Objective working memory load significantly impacts the accuracy of visual search, reaction time, and gaze fixation in basketball players. In the visual search task of the basketball sports scene, the inclusion of object working memory load led to a significant decrease in the accuracy of visual search, a significant increase in reaction time, a significant increase in the number of fixation points, and a more complex gaze trajectory. In a visual search task with object working memory load, the difference in reaction time between basketball players of different sport levels was observed during the search initiation time and scanning time, with higher sport levels associated with shorter reaction times. The effect of object working memory load on the eye movement phase of visual search varied among basketball players of different sport levels. For the novice group, the effect was on the reaction time during the verification phase, while for the semi-elite and competitive elite groups, the effect was on the reaction time during the scanning phase. Conclusion: The effect of object working memory load on visual search varied among basketball players of different sport levels.
From Thrift to Improvement
Authors: Sørensen Esben Bøgh
Published: December 2023

This article studies how agrarian management was reimagined in the context of emerging agrarian capitalism between the sixteenth and mid-seventeenth centuries in England by examining the development of discourses of thrift, industriousness, and improvement among agricultural writers. It demonstrates that agricultural writers' approach to farm, land, and labor management moved from a localized context of thrifty householding in the sixteenth century to a national context of industriousness and improvement by the mid-seventeenth century. This change in discourse, as this article will show, was an attempt to provide management advice and establish managerial power over the agricultural labor process within an increasingly connected, competitive, and impersonal agrarian economy.
Low Response to Aerobic Training in Metabolic Disease: Role of Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Soares Rogerio Nogueira , Lessard Sarah J.
Published: December 2023

Aerobic exercise is established to increase cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), which is linked to reduced morbidity and mortality. However, people with metabolic diseases such as type 1 and type 2 diabetes may be more likely to display blunted improvements in CRF with training. Here, we present evidence supporting the hypothesis that altered skeletal muscle signaling and remodeling may contribute to low CRF with metabolic disease.
Inverse Optimization: Theory and Applications
Authors: Chan Timothy C. Y. , Mahmood Rafid , Zhu Ian Yihang
Published: December 2023

A Review of Inverse Optimization

In recent years, there has been an explosion of interest in the mathematics and applications of inverse optimization. Unlike traditional optimization, which seeks to compute optimal decisions given an objective and constraints, inverse optimization takes decisions as input and determines an objective and/or constraints that render these decisions approximately or exactly optimal. In “Inverse Optimization: Theory and Applications,” Chan, Rafid, and Zhu provide a comprehensive review of both the methodological and application-oriented literature. Specifically, the authors consolidate various model properties, reformulation techniques, and computational methods of different classes of inverse optimization problems. The authors also review a wide range of application areas that include, but are not limited to, transportation, logistics, healthcare, and energy systems. The paper concludes with several major directions for future research.
The principles of health visiting
Authors: Oldman Crystal
Published: December 2023

Chief Nursing Officer for England, Dame Ruth May's annual summit looked back over the achievements of the last year and forward to 2024–2026 with five strategic priorities, while the QNI annual award ceremony took place in London
Technology development and industrialization trends of circulating nutrient solution supply systems: a review
Authors: Kwon Hyo Jeong , Ali Md Razob , Lee Ka Young , Reza Md Nasim , Ali Mohammod , Kabir Md Shaha Nur , Chung Sun-Ok , Jeong Kanghee
Published: December 2023

Hydroponics, a soil-free plant cultivation technique, delivers nutrients directly to roots through a nutrient-rich solution. This method offers advantages over traditional soil-based approaches and has gained attention for its potential to revolutionize controlled agriculture. The review aimed to offer a summary of technological advancements and industrialization patterns in systems supplying circulating nutrient solutions. An intelligent nutrient management system enhances plant growth and productivity. The utilization of a circulating hydroponic cultivation setup can reduce environmental pollution and lower production expenses. As a result, circulating nutrient solution management systems are gaining global popularity, such as in the Netherlands, circular hydroponic cultivation has been advanced to over 95%. A limitation of circulation-type nutrient solution cultivation is the potential transmission and rapid formulation of pathogens during the recycling of discharged nutrient solutions. Addressing this concern, filtration and sterilization processes can offer viable solutions. To accelerate hydroponic farming, an integrated approach could be pursued, strengthen nutrient circulation management technology. This approach could aid in the implementation of such systems in countries like the Republic of Korea, where adoption of circulating hydroponic systems remains under 5%. The trend of technological advancement and industrial growth has been conducted through patent analysis and resources that have subsequently lead the way for the advancement of extensive hydroponic farming establishments. The cyclic hydroponic cultivation in the Republic of Korea was introduced in 2010, and based on the patent information, this endeavor gained momentum from 2020 onward. Furthermore, the analysis underscores the considerable potential of circulating nutrient solution supply systems as viable approaches for promoting sustainable and efficient food production. As a result, forthcoming research and innovation need to be tailored to the local context and prioritize user-centered methodologies, ultimately facilitating the integration and establishment of hydroponic systems in the Republic of Korea.
UK pregnancy in orthopaedics (UK-POP): a cross-sectional study of UK female trauma and orthopaedic surgeons and their experiences of pregnancy
Authors: Kontoghiorghe Christina , Morgan Catrin , Eastwood Deborah , McNally Scarlett
Published: December 2023

Aims

The number of females within the speciality of trauma and orthopaedics (T&O) is increasing. The aim of this study was to identify: 1) current attitudes and behaviours of UK female T&O surgeons towards pregnancy; 2) any barriers faced towards pregnancy with a career in T&O surgery; and 3) areas for improvement.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study using an anonymous 13-section web-based survey distributed to female-identifying T&O trainees, speciality and associate specialist surgeons (SASs) and locally employed doctors (LEDs), fellows, and consultants in the UK. Demographic data was collected as well as closed and open questions with adaptive answering relating to attitudes towards childbearing and experiences of fertility and complications associated with pregnancy. A descriptive data analysis was carried out.

Results

A total of 226 UK female T&O surgeons completed the survey. All regions of the UK were represented. Overall, 99/226 (44%) of respondents had at least one child, while 21/226 (9.3%) did not want children. Median age at first child was 33 years (interquartile range 32 to 36). Two-thirds (149/226; 66%) of respondents delayed childbearing due to a career in T&O and 140/226 (69%) of respondents had experienced bias from colleagues directed at female T&O surgeons having children during training. Nearly 24/121 (20%) of respondents required fertility assistance, 35/121 (28.9%) had experienced a miscarriage, and 53/121 (43.8%) had experienced obstetric complications.

Conclusion

A large proportion of female T&O surgeons have and want children. T&O surgeons in the UK delay childbearing, have experienced bias and have high rates of infertility and obstetric complications. The information from this study will support female T&O surgeons with decision making and assist employers with workforce planning. Further steps are necessary in order to support female T&O surgeons having families.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(12):970–979.
Hybrid of Smart System Model to Support the Service of Fertility Doctors in Handling In-Vitro Fertilization Patient Complaints
Authors: Sembiring Irwan , Christianto Paminto Agung , Sediyono Eko
Published: December 2023

The majority of In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF) patients immediately call a fertility doctor when they experience different symptoms than usual. However, the high workload makes fertility doctors unable to immediately provide recommendations to handle complaints of IVF patients, while the longer wait for recommendations from fertility doctors will increase the anxiety of IVF patients and high levels of anxiety affect the success rate of IVF programs. The Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) model has lower performance than the modified CBR model, and the CBR model adds to the workload of fertility doctors, namely having to handle the revision stage. To overcome these problems, the CBR model was modified by applying the Chris Case-Based Reasoning (CCBR) similarity formula and combining it with the Rule-Based Reasoning model. The results of performance measurements showed that the accuracy score increased to 47\% and the precision score remained 100\%, so the results of this modification of the CBR model are worthy of being recommended for application to a smart system for handling complaints of IVF patients.
Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix as a Superior Strategic Management Tools and Techniques in Evaluating Decision Alternatives
Authors: Elezaj Elvis , Kuqi Bekë
Published: December 2023

Evaluation of alternatives to making decisions still remains as the most difficult field for every manager. Considering that uncertainty, stress, emotions and many other factors still remain insurmountable during decision-making in the work of managers. The research will bring a contemporary approach to the evaluation of alternatives through the multi-stage method by conducting a series of exhibitions for an effective decision. Model will create a logical structure derivation of exhibitions by revealing options and paths toward strategic leadership. The research used mixed methods of data collection to create a more meaningful and integrative research design. The sample was elongated over a survey of 250 organizations. The research brings to the surface a clear analysis of the following path as a guide and practically used to gain differentiating advantages towards the long-term through Strategic Attractiveness Position in Industry (ST-API). From this analysis structure, a clearness leadership orientation is created for managers, a recommendation for strategic leadership, revealing a group of strategies to undertake depending on the ST-API dimension IFE (Internal Factor Evaluation) or ST-API dimension EFE (External Factor Evaluation) through crafting "Option's" since the organizations are concentrated in the vicinity of the corner (nook) in quad IV, conclusively in "growth and build". Occurrated in this axle, organizations are advised to orient their actions towards the "develop products" in order to go towards longevity and leaderism in the industry.
Analysis of Users’ Requirements for Public Waste Management Services Using Fuzzy Inference
Authors: Cárdenas-Cuervo Ricardo Andrés , Serna-Uran Conrado Augusto , Gomez-Marin Cristian Giovanny
Published: December 2023

Municipalities play a key role in public waste management ensuring effective and efficient service performance. In Colombia, the public utilities sector has undergone significant changes since decentralization and the entry of private companies into the sector. In this study, our purpose is to analyze user perceptions and their willingness to pay for additional services regarding waste management. By using data analysis methods and a Mamdani fuzzy inference system, we were able to identify users’ service requirements and expected quality. According to the results of our analysis, a combination of minimum coverage and low frequency resulted in a tariff increase of 7.05%. Furthermore, we recommend expanding the model to include other waste management services, such as solid waste collection, as well as to consider environmental aspects and sustainable practices.
A Robust Voice Pathology Detection System Based on the Combined BiLSTM–CNN Architecture
Authors: Amami Rimah , Amami Rim , Trabelsi Chiraz , Mabrouk Sherin Hassan , Khalil Hassan A.
Published: December 2023

Voice recognition systems have become increasingly important in recent years due to the growing need for more efficient and intuitive human-machine interfaces. The use of Hybrid LSTM networks and deep learning has been very successful in improving speech detection systems. The aim of this paper is to develop a novel approach for the detection of voice pathologies using a hybrid deep learning model that combines the Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) and the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures. The proposed model uses a combination of temporal and spectral features extracted from speech signals to detect the different types of voice pathologies. The performance of the proposed detection model is evaluated on a publicly available dataset of speech signals from individuals with various voice pathologies(MEEI database). The experimental results showed that the hybrid BiLSTM-CNN model outperforms several classifiers by achieving an accuracy of 98.86\%. The proposed model has the potential to assist health care professionals in the accurate diagnosis and treatment of voice pathologies, and improving the quality of life for affected individuals.
Experiential Marketing Tourism and Hospitality Tours Generation Hybrid Model
Authors: Alfaro Luis , Rivera Claudia , Luna-Urquizo Jorge , Arroyo-Paz Antonio , Delgado Lucy , Castañeda Elisa
Published: December 2023

The emergence of immersive technologies presents unprecedented opportunities for both users and organizations. This paper explores the future of digital marketing as a new ecosystem wherein innovative marketing strategies enable organizations to communicate with their customer base in ways previously unattainable, reshaping traditional marketing concepts into novel and unimaginable actions. This study proposes an experiential marketing tourism and hospitality tours generation hybrid model. The model focuses on generating virtual tours based on 360° VR videos, specifically designed for hotel environments, their surroundings, and tourist zones. The immersive environment proposal includes the design of user interface prototypes and incorporates the automated division of 360° videos using convolutional neural networks. Subsequently, personalized tours are composed based on user profiles, utilizing a Case-Based Reasoning (CBR). Functionality tests for the video division and labeling component, as well as the composition of tours according to user profiles recommended by the CBR, yielded satisfactory results. The application of this system has the potential to positively influence reservation intentions and enhance brand image. Immersive experiences have the capability to trigger effects in affective, attitudinal/behavioral, and cognitive dimensions.