bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fidelity and criticality in the nonreciprocal Aubry-André-Harper model
Authors: Zeng Chen-Chang , Cai Zhen , Wang Guang-Heng , Sun Gaoyong
Published: January 2025

We study the critical behaviors of the ground and first-excited states in the one-dimensional nonreciprocal Aubry-André-Harper (AAH) model using both the self-normal and biorthogonal fidelity susceptibilities. We demonstrate that fidelity susceptibility serves as a probe for the phase transition in the nonreciprocal AAH model. For ground states, characterized by real eigenenergies across the entire regime, both fidelity susceptibilities near the critical points scale as N
2, akin to the Hermitian AAH model. However, for the first-excited states, the fidelity susceptibilities exhibit distinct scaling laws, contingent upon whether the lattice consists of even or odd sites. For even lattices, both the self-normal and biorthogonal fidelity susceptibilities near the critical points continue to scale as N
2. In contrast, for odd lattices, the biorthogonal fidelity susceptibilities diverge, while the self-normal fidelity susceptibilities exhibit linear behavior, indicating a novel scaling law.
A Rare Case of Microscopic Polyangitis With Associated Transient Hypophysitis
Authors: Martinez-Gil Mercedes , Rodriguez Monica , Hughes Jeremy , Kalya Savitha B , Yuen Kevin C J
Published: January 2025

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) are rare forms of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitides, characterized by systemic inflammation and necrosis of small blood vessels, which can lead to multiorgan damage. GPA is identified by the presence of granulomas and serine proteinase-3 positivity, while MPA is marked by necrotizing vasculitis without granulomas and is associated with myeloperoxidase (MPO) positivity. Central nervous system involvement is more frequent in GPA, affecting 7% to 10% of patients, compared to its occurrence in approximately 1% of MPA cases. In this case report, we present a 41-year-old woman who exhibited symptoms of pituitary mass effect, initially suspected to be a macroadenoma. Further investigation revealed pituitary enlargement due to MPA, confirmed by positive MPO antibodies and lung biopsy findings consistent with MPA. After treatment with prednisone and rituximab, the patient’s pituitary gland returned to its normal size, with significant improvement in her symptoms. This case highlights the diagnostic complexities in differentiating MPA from more common causes of pituitary enlargement and underscores the necessity of considering vasculitic origins in similar clinical scenarios. Further research is essential to deepen the understanding of the pathophysiology and to optimize the management of pituitary involvement in MPA.
Refashioning the Debate on Abortion in Postrevolutionary Iranian Cinema
Authors: Rodziewicz Magdalena
Published: January 2025

The study is dedicated to the representation of unwanted pregnancy and abortion in Iranian cinema. The article’s principal objective is to discuss a certain narrative shift in the discourse surrounding this issue that has been observed in recent years. By analyzing a selection of Iranian films and contextualizing them within the sociopolitical reality of Iran, the article proposes that the cinematic discourse on abortion and unwanted pregnancy has undergone a transformation over the past twenty years. It seeks to illustrate how cinematic narratives have evolved from a social perspective that emphasized the financial, legal, and cultural challenges surrounding abortion to a portrayal of pregnancy termination as a worldview issue related to the readiness and willingness to become a mother. The article provides an overview of film productions, categorizes them in terms of the perspective adopted, and discusses the nature of the two main narratives and their constituent elements, claiming that cinema in Iran reflects a change in social attitudes toward unwanted pregnancy and abortion.
Scaling of quantitative cardiomyocyte properties in the left ventricle of different mammalian species
Authors: Kloock Tanja , Jörg David J. , Mühlfeld Christian
Published: January 2025

Small mammals have a higher heart rate and, relative to body mass (Mb), a higher metabolic rate than large mammals. In contrast, heart weight and stroke volume scale linearly with Mb. With mitochondria filling approximately 50% of a shrew cardiomyocyte – space unavailable for myofibrils – it is unclear how small mammals generate enough contractile force to pump blood into circulation. Here, we investigated whether the total number or volume of cardiomyocytes in the left ventricle compensates for allometry-related volume shifts of cardiac mitochondria and myofibrils. Through statistical analysis of data from 25 studies with 19 different mammalian species with Mb spanning seven orders of magnitude (2.2 g to 920 kg), we determined how number, volume density and total volume of cardiomyocytes, mitochondria and myofibrils in the left ventricle depend on Mb. We found that these biological variables follow scaling relationships and are proportional to a power b of Mb. The number [b=1.02 (95% CI: 0.89, 1.14); t-test for b=1: P=0.72] and volume [b=0.95 (95% CI: 0.89, 1.03); t-test for b=1: P=0.18] of cardiomyocytes in the left ventricle increases linearly with increasing Mb. In cardiomyocytes, volume density of mitochondria decreases [b=–0.056 (95% CI: −0.08, −0.04); t-test for b=0: P<0.0001] and that of myofibrils increases [b=0.024 (95%CI: 0.01, 0.04); t-test for b=0: P<0.01] with increasing Mb. Thus, the number or volume of left ventricular cardiomyocytes does not compensate for the higher heart rate and specific metabolic rate of small mammals although a higher mitochondrial and lower myofibrillar volume per cardiomyocyte are present.
Εμπόδια στη χρήση των ΤΠΕ ως νοητικά εργαλεία σε Επαγγελματικά Λύκεια: Η περίπτωση των Επαγγελμάτων Γης
Authors: Ρετσινάς Σωτήριος , Κόλλιας Βασίλειος
Published: January 2025

Η χρήση των Τεχνολογιών Πληροφορίας και Επικοινωνιών (ΤΠΕ) ως νοητικά εργαλεία θεωρείται σημαντικός παράγοντας για τη βελτίωση της ποιότητας σε όλο το φάσμα της υποχρεωτικής εκπαίδευσης. Η μελέτη που παρουσιάζεται διερευνά τοντρόπο με τον οποίο οι εκπαιδευτικοί, οι επιμορφωτές και τα διοικητικά στελέχη κατανοούν τη θέση των ΤΠΕ στα επαγγέλματα γης των Επαγγελματικών Λυκείων με έμφαση στη χρήση τους ως νοητικά εργαλεία. Μέσα από την επεξεργασία 16 ημιδομημένων συνεντεύξεων εκπαιδευτικών και διευθυντών διαφαίνεται ότι η χρήση των ΤΠΕ περιορίζεται στην παρουσίαση πληροφοριών από τους εκπαιδευτικούς και ως εναλλακτικής επιλογής κατά την απουσία του εργαστηριακού εξοπλισμού, ενώ οι αναφορές στη χρήση τους ως νοητικά εργαλεία είναι περιορισμένες. Στους παράγοντες που συμβάλλουν στην περιορισμένη, ως προς τη μαθησιακή αξία, χρήση των ΤΠΕ επισημαίνονται: η έλλειψη παιδαγωγικού διαλόγου εντός των σχολικών μονάδων, η απουσία οριζόντιων δράσεων και πειραματισμού και η αποδοχή από την πλευρά τωνεκπαιδευτικών και των διευθυντών του συγκεντρωτικού μοντέλου διοίκησης της εκπαίδευσης. Η περιορισμένη ένταξη των ΤΠΕ ως νοητικά εργαλεία είναι ενδεικτική βαθύτερων και γενικότερων προβλημάτων της οργάνωσης και της διοίκησης τηςτεχνικής εκπαίδευσης, τα οποία χρήζουν περαιτέρω διερεύνησης.
Ανάπτυξη του περιγραφικού λόγου μέσω της ρομποτικής εκπαίδευσης σε μαθητές με Μαθησιακές Δυσκολίες
Authors: Γλαβά Ευαγγελία , Σερέτης Κωνσταντίνος
Published: January 2025

Η σύγχρονη εκπαιδευτική πραγματικότητα απαιτεί συνεχή έρευνα και αμείωτη προσπάθεια για βελτίωση της παρεχόμενης διδασκαλίας μέσω της χρήσης των καινοτομιών που προφέρει η ανάπτυξη της τεχνολογίας. Ήδη από τη δεκαετία του80΄στην Αμερική, γίνεται χρήση των ρομπότ στην εκπαιδευτική πράξη. Στο ελληνικό εκπαιδευτικό σύστημα, παρατηρείται τα τελευταία χρόνια αντίστοιχη προσπάθεια εκσυγχρονισμού διαμέσου της εισαγωγής της ρομποτικής εκπαίδευσης. Στο πλαίσιο αυτό εντάσσεται και η συγκεκριμένη έρευνα, σκοπός της οποίας ήταν η ανάδειξη της αρωγής της ρομποτικής εκπαίδευσης στην ανάπτυξη του περιγραφικού λόγου σε παιδιά δημοτικού με Μαθησιακές Δυσκολίες (Μ.Δ.). Δείγμα αποτέλεσαν 20 μαθητές, οι οποίοι χωρίστηκαν σε ομάδες εργασίας των δύο ατόμων και χρησιμοποίησαν το υλικό Lego Education Story Starter και Lego Education WeDo. Τα αποτελέσματα ήταν ενθαρρυντικά καθώς μετά από αξιολόγηση τριών σταδίων -pre, post, follow up tests- όλοι οι μαθητές βελτίωσαν αισθητά την περιγραφική τους ικανότητα.
Ένα εκπαιδευτικό εικονικό περιβάλλον για την αρχιτεκτονική του υπολογιστή
Authors: Λούφη Μαρία-Εριάλντα Λούφη , Ιορδανίδου Σημέλα , Μικρόπουλος Αναστάσιος
Published: January 2025

Τα εκπαιδευτικά εικονικά περιβάλλοντα συνεισφέρουν στην κατανόηση αφηρημένων και δυσνόητων εννοιών. Η εργασία παρουσιάζει τη σχεδίαση, ανάπτυξη και πιλοτική εφαρμογή ενός εικονικού περιβάλλοντος για την αρχιτεκτονική του υπολογιστή που απευθύνεται σε μαθητές δευτεροβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης. Η αξιολόγηση έγινε από 15 εκπαιδευτικούς Πληροφορικής δευτεροβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης, οι οποίοι αφού χρησιμοποίησαν το περιβάλλον κατά τη διδασκαλία τους, εκτίμησαν τη λειτουργικότητα του μέσω του εργαλείου SUS και η δυνατότητα επίτευξης μάθησης, εμπλοκής και ευχρηστίας με το εργαλείο LOES-T. Τα αποτελέσματα της πιλοτικής εμπειρικής μελέτης ήταν ενθαρρυντικά, καθώς οι εκπαιδευτικοί συμφώνησαν ότι η παιδαγωγική αλληλεπίδραση με το εύχρηστο εικονικό περιβάλλον εμπλέκει τους μαθητές στη διδακτική πράξη και συμβάλλει σε θετικά μαθησιακά αποτελέσματα.
Work Alienation and Whistleblowing Intention: The Mediating and Moderating Role of Religious Political Orientation and Social Value Orientation
Authors: Abraham Juneman , Aquila Fairuuz , Mangapul Christian Jeremia , Nainggolan Togiaratua , Manurung Rudi Hartono , Ruman Yustinus Suhardi
Published: January 2025

Abstract* Background This study investigates how perceived work alienation influences whistleblowing intention, with religious political orientation as a mediator and social value orientation as a moderator. Previous research has shown work alienation negatively correlates with prosocial behavior and activism while positively correlating with knowledge hiding. The study proposes that work alienation negatively predicts whistleblowing intention, with both religious political orientation and social value orientation playing influential roles in this relationship. Methods Predictive correlational design with a mediation and moderation analysis was used in this study. The participants of this study were 263 Indonesians (131 males, 132 females; M age = 25.91 years old; SD age = 5.47 years). Results The findings confirm that higher work alienation leads to lower whistleblowing intention. While religious political orientation did not significantly mediate the relationship between work alienation and whistleblowing intention as hypothesized, the study revealed that prosocial-type social value orientation weakens the negative relationship between work alienation and whistleblowing intention. The individualistic type showed no significant moderating effect. Conclusion The research demonstrates that work alienation significantly predicts whistleblowing intention, with prosocial social value orientation serving as a buffer against the negative effects of work alienation on whistleblowing intention. These findings contribute to our understanding of the psychological factors influencing whistleblowing behavior in corruption prevention and eradication efforts.
Transnational patterns, social networks and self-help organizations for migrant women
Authors: Ruspini Paolo , Hristov Petko
Published: January 2025

Previous research shows the importance of building up self-help structures in a transnational perspective for the inclusion of migrant women who are fleeing their home countries because of war, violence, or different forms of vulnerability. The mobilization of self-help organizations through the intersection of transnationalism and gender is, in fact, a useful direction for a practice-oriented pedagogy directed both towards (1) the most vulnerable groups of women, or (2) those already empowered either as community leaders or network facilitators, other migrants and the whole native population. For this paper, we compare two video-interviews of refugee women collected in Bulgaria and Italy, which are important receiving countries either at the South-Eastern or Southern external border of the European Union. The research questions of this comparative assessment include: 1) How do refugee women organize themselves for mutual help? 2) How do they build their social networks through transnational practices to bridge with the local people? 3) Is community or individual empowerment of refugee women better for implementation through ethnic lines or a gender perspective? The final aim of this investigation is to analyse various patterns of social networks’ creation among refugee women originating from different socio-cultural contexts. The research findings might be useful to instil inclusion practices which are apt to refugee women empowerment.
Advancing Alzheimer’s Diagnosis: The Role of AI - A Review
Authors: Rehan Dominka , Solisch Sven , Blazhkova Anna , Susłow Anna , Szwed Adam , Szczęsna Ewa
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that accounts for more than half of all cases of dementia worldwide. An aging society therefore poses a huge challenge to medicine. The exact mechanism responsible for this disease is still not fully understood. However, theories of neurodegeneration related to the deposition of pathological proteins in the brain and the imbalance between individual neurotransmitters have allowed the development of effective diagnostic methods - laboratory determination of specific biomarkers (tau protein, β-amyloid) and their marking using PET (Amyloid PET, Tau PET). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is also important in diagnostics. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a promising, new, and rapidly developing path that can significantly affect the diagnostic process of Alzheimer's disease.
Purpose of the study: This review examines the role of AI in diagnosing Alzheimer's disease.
Materials and methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, analyzing 63 studies from the PubMed database (in English, up to December 2024) that assessed the effectiveness, methods, and prospects of AI in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
Conclusions: Share of AI in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease is extremely promising. AI used in neuroimaging, genetics, and behavioral biomarkers shows great potential diagnostic. AI-based tools are extremely promising because they can be non-invasive and highly sensitive biomarkers. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) combined with AI models offer an opportunity for cost-effective and rapid diagnostic pathways for AD. This review presents evidence that artificial intelligence is a key factor in transforming AD diagnostics into modern diagnostics that enable earlier detection and treatment of the disease which may consequently positively impact the quality of life of AD patients and their caregivers.
The Impact of Specific Gut Microbiota Metabolites on Chronic Kidney Disease Progression: Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Dąbkowska Daria , Mioskowska Agnieszka , Szydziak Joanna , Hrapkowicz Aleksandra , Janowska Kinga , Szeidl Olga , Rehan Dominika , Wołoszczak Julia
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease is characterized by an irreversible and gradually progressive process. Recent research has highlighted the role of metabolites derived from the intestinal microbiota as important factors in the progression of this disease. Consequently, numerous studies have focused on the impact of the microbiota, its diagnostic potential, and its therapeutic applications.
Aim of the study: This study highlights the role of specific gut microbiota in chronic kidney disease and its potential applications in diagnosis and therapy.
Material and methods: An English-language literature review was conducted, analyzing studies from the PubMed database up to December 2024 regarding the correlation between specific gut microbiota and chronic kidney disease. The review was performed using the PubMed database, with 57 works used. 
Conclusion: Chronic kidney disease is characterized by a slow, progressive, and irreversible decline in kidney function. Recent studies have highlighted the significant role of metabolites produced by the intestinal microbiota in the progression of this disease. Consequently, extensive research has been conducted on the impact of these metabolites for diagnostic purposes as well as their potential therapeutic applications. These metabolites can aid in both diagnosing the condition and predicting its progression. Emerging therapies that manipulate the microbiota—through approaches such as dietary changes, probiotics, modulation of bacterial metabolites, fecal microbiota transplantation, or the use of genetically modified bacteria—have shown promising results. However, further research is essential to fully develop and refine these therapeutic strategies.
Prawo Indias a współczesny konstytucjonalizm postkolonialny
Authors: Czarnecki Łukasz
Published: January 2025

During the first decades of colonization of the 16th century, Spanish law was implemented in the territory of Latin America. However, very quickly this law expanded to include new branches and regulations. The name Derecho Indiano (awkwardly translated as Indian law) or Leyes de Indias began to be used, where the word Indias is a Spanish reference for the entire Latin America and does not refer only to laws exclusively directed at the indigenous inhabitants of the continent, who were referred to as Indios. Derecho indiano referred to the criollos, or those inhabitants of the descendants of Spain who decided to settle and associate with the newly discovered territory. The Law of the Indias refers to the law implemented over a period of nearly 300 years in the conquered territories until the 19th century, that is, until the independence of the countries. How did the law of the Indias influence the organization and functioning of the public authorities of the systems of colonialized states? The book includes both a historical analysis of the formation of the law of Indias and an analysis of post-colonial modern constitutionalism in comparative perspectives. This study will be carried out from a comparative legal perspective using the examples of Ecuador, Bolivia, Mexico, the Philippines and East Timor. A separate consideration will be given to the analysis of China’s constitutionalism.
Przydatność koncepcji praktyk repartycji do analizy polskiej kampanii parlamentarnej 2023 roku
Authors: Borowiec Piotr
Published: January 2025

THE USEFULNESS OF THE CONCEPT OF REPARTITION PRACTICES FOR THE ANALYSIS OF THE POLISH PARLIAMENTARY CAMPAIGN IN 2023The article focuses on repartition practices and social divisions that became visible in the discourse of the Polish parliamentary campaign in 2023. The article attempts to: 1) recreate them based on the discourse analysis of the mentioned campaign, 2) verify the usefulness of the concept of practices (proposed at the beginning of 2023) for analysing the patterns of defining the features of contemporary reality. The aim of the article is to discuss the politicisation of divisions during the 2023 campaign and their verification using the concept of repartition practices. The analysis showed that the practices used referred to divisions that had arisen and had already been politicised many times. It confirmed that the practices used reproduced the social inequalities that dominated these divisions. Moreover, it showed that the politicisation of divisions through practices continues and that the practices used address inequalities rooted in society. The article confirms the need for further research on Polish divisions and their various forms of politicisation, including repartition practices.
Koncepcja patriotyzmu krytycznego jako punkt odniesienia polskiej polityki historycznej
Authors: Głowacka Katarzyna
Published: January 2025

THE CONCEPT OF „CRITICAL PATRIOTISM” AS A BENCHMARK FOR POLISH POLITICS OF MEMORY: PARLIAMENTARY DISCOURSE ON THE KATYN MASSACRES AND THE GENOCIDE IN VOLHYNIAThe article focuses on the idea of “critical patriotism”, expressed mainly in the prominent essay Two fatherlands, two patriotisms published in the early 1980s by Jan Józef Lipski. The Discourse-Historical Approach in Critical Discourse Analysis was applied to examine over 30 commemorative resolutions adopted by the Polish Sejm and the Senate between the years 1990 and 2019. The author argues that the concept espoused by J.J. Lipski had (and still has) great impact on the political elites of the Third Polish Republic. The article will demonstrate that the analysed documents strongly reflect the discourse associated with the idea of “critical patriotism”.
Theorizing the Values and Rules-Based International Order
Authors: Obacz Piotr , Kasperowiak Marcin , Korzonek Hanna , Zeman Ihor , Chwiej Edyta , Kłodkowski Jakub , Kuźniak Brygida
Published: January 2025

The aim of this paper is twofold. The first objective is to present the framework for a theoretical model describing and explaining an international phenomenon of a political and legal nature, i.e. an international order based on values and rules (VRBIO, values and rules-based international order). This model is the result of joint work conducted by political scientists, IR scholars and international legal scholars, and takes into account ontological, epistemological, descriptive and explanatory components. In addition to presenting the results of theoretical work on the international phenomenon addressed in the present study, another objective of this article is discuss the challenges and opportunities of theorising across different disciplines – political science, international relations and international law. The platform for these meta-theoretical reflections is, of course, VRBIO.
Understanding the independent samples t test in nursing research
Authors: Chatzi Anna V
Published: January 2025

Critical thinking is required for successful nursing outcomes. For evidence-based practice, there is a need to understand and apply quantitative methods of research and statistical analysis in order to obtain evidence. However, the literature shows that the use of quantitative methods among nurse researchers can be problematic. This article aims to enhance understanding and implementation of one of the most frequently used statistical tests, the independent samples t-test, with the use of a nursing practice example. Guidance for the most used statistical software for social sciences (SPSS) and graphical representations are provided.
CPD: OCT masterclass 1
Authors: Higginbotham Jason
Published: January 2025

Feeling lost with OCT or just interested in a refresher? Optometrist Jason Higginbotham starts off our new OCT series by revisiting the basics
Leightons relaunches joint venture partnership scheme
Authors: McCarthy-McClean Andrew
Published: January 2025

Ryan Leighton tells Andrew McCarthy-McClean how local owners could advance the group's offering
Trends in UK contact lens prescribing 2024
Authors: Morgan Philip
Published: January 2025

Professor Philip Morgan reports on the 29th annual Eurolens Research survey into UK contact lens prescribing
Educational outcomes and vision impairments
Authors: Ter-Berg Michael
Published: January 2025

Michael Ter-Berg looks at the impact of vision and hearing issues on children's learning
CPD: Making a big difference for little eyes 2
Authors: Gowing Jessica
Published: January 2025

In this second article, Jessica Gowing discusses two further conditions that can affect facial and visual development
From Everest to everyday
Authors: McCarthy-McClean Andrew
Published: January 2025

Andrew McCarthy-McClean previews Evil Eye's latest sports styles designed for all levels
Sleep and ocular health
Authors: Patel Sunni
Published: January 2025

In a continuation of our short new series looking at the impact of lifestyles on eye health, Dr Sunni Patel describes a growing area of research linking sleep and eye health
CPD: Nocturnal dry eye disease
Authors: McDonnell Claire , Ivancic Valentina
Published: January 2025

Optometrists Claire McDonnell and Valentina Ivancic describe the less frequently discussed case of nocturnal dry eye
Unlocking potential
Authors: Blackmore Francesca
Published: January 2025

Francesca Blackmore encourages optical assistants to ask themselves tough questions while building their careers
Sustainable certifications
Authors: White Emma
Published: January 2025

Practice Building scooped the Optical Supplier Award at the 2023 Optician Awards for helping practices to become more sustainable. Emma White reports on its latest activities
Forward thinking at AIO
Authors: Nagra Manbir
Published: January 2025

Optician’s optometry clinical editor, Dr Manbir Nagra, attends this year’s Association of Independent Optometrists Conference
Shaken baby syndrome
Authors: McDonnell Claire
Published: January 2025

Claire McDonnell looks at the controversy around shaken baby syndrome, now known as retinodural haemorrhage of infancy. This article describes differential diagnoses for retinal haemorrhages in infants and advises practitioners on an appropriate course of action
Keratoconus classification
Authors: Jinabhai Amit N.
Published: January 2025

Dr Amit N Jinabhai takes readers on a deep dive into the systems used to classify keratoconus
Improving practice communication 6
Authors: Anderson Fiona
Published: January 2025

Fiona Anderson discusses the importance of understanding facial anthropometry and frame measurements to select the optimum fitting ophthalmic frame
Diary of a Spectacle Designer
Authors: Davies Tom
Published: January 2025

Tom Davies enters the wild west of online retail
Be Fast, Be First
Authors: Burns Justin
Published: January 2025

How Oracle Red Bull Racing is pushing the technological envelope in order to stay in front in F1.
Effect of structured exercise program on fundamental motor skills in children with Down syndrome: A randomized controlled trial
Authors:   Department of Physiotherapy, University of Medical Technology, Yangon, Myanmar., Thein Tun Myo , Aye Thanda ,   Department of Physiotherapy, University of Medical Technology, Yangon, Myanmar., ZarChi Htut Thwet ,   Department of Physiotherapy, University of Medical Technology, Yangon, Myanmar., Mar Tin Wai ,   Medical Unit-3, Yangon Children Hospital, Myanmar., Thuzar Khin Myo ,   Department of Physiotherapy, University of Medical Technology, Yangon, Myanmar
Published: January 2025

Background: Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most common chromosomal abnormalities, and it has a deficiency in fundamental motor skills (FMS).

Objective: This study aimed to determine how a structured exercise program impacted children with Down syndrome’s fundamental motor skills.

Materials and methods: This study was conducted in a randomized controlled trial at the School for Disabled Children, Yangon. Thirty participants (15 in each group) with DS were divided into the experimental and control groups. The experimental group participated in a structured exercise program (focusing on stability, object control skills, and locomotor skills) for six weeks, while the control group did artistic and recreational activities (singing, dancing, drawing, and coloring). Lower extremity functional strength (five times sit-to-stand test), static balance (modified Stroke test), and FMS proficiency (TGMD-2) were assessed by blinded assessors at the start of the intervention, three weeks later, and six weeks later. Independent sample t-tests and repeated measure ANOVA were used to compare the two groups and within each group.

Results: Post-test analyses of all outcome measures between the two groups revealed statistically significant differences. In the third- and sixth-weeks following intervention, the FMS, static balance, and lower extremity functional strength were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group.

Conclusion: The current study’s findings highlight that a structured exercise program focused on FMS can be applied in educational and clinical settings to improve the FMS of children with DS.
Study of the area, environmental conditions of the "Binagadineft" NGCI mines in the Absheron peninsula of the Republic of Azerbaijan, and study of vegetation-soil cover contaminated by oil and oil products
Authors: Gurbanov Elshad , Aslanova Sanubar
Published: January 2025

This article deals with the study of the area, ecological conditions, as well as the soil and vegetation cover contaminated with oil and oil products, located in the territory of the Absheron Peninsula, in the operation of the oil fields operated by the SOCAR "Binagadineft" Oil Company or the "Binagadi oil Company" Operating Company.
From this point of view, it is known from the research that the Absheron peninsula is the richest oil extraction region in the republic. In the past years, due to the lack of advanced oil extraction technology in the area, non-observance of protection of environmental conditions, the formation of soil contaminated with oil, oil products and groundwater, as well as the lack of natural vegetation occurred here.
In this regard, soil pollution in the area of the mines and deposits of "Binaqadineft" NGCI, which was studied, had a negative effect on the ecological conditions of the area and degraded the plant-soil cover. To prevent such a negative process, recultivation of oil-contaminated lands is recommended.
Is the Rate of Early mobilization in Hip fracture patients using Alfentanil Better than standard opioid analgesia (REHAB)? A protocol for a prospective cohort study
Authors: Agarwal Nikhil , MacLullich Alasdair M. J. , Clement Nick D.
Published: January 2025

Aims

The primary aim of this study is to compare mobility status of patients receiving oral oxycodone with those receiving subcutaneous alfentanil as analgesic methods prior to mobilization to help physiotherapy compliance after hip fracture surgery. The secondary aims are to assess postoperative pain, health-related quality of life, in-hospital length of stay, total use of analgesia over postoperative days 1 and 2 (POD 1 and POD 2), complication rates within 30 days, and 30-day mortality rates.

Methods

A single-centre, prospective cohort study of 64 patients will be undertaken. Patients undergoing surgery for femoral neck fractures at the study centre will be recruited. Patients with a hip fracture meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria will be enrolled on admission. Patients who have been administered oral oxycodone will be compared to those prescribed alfentanil for pain prior to mobilization with physiotherapists on POD 1 and POD 2. Which drug a patient receives is reliant of the prescriptions given by the medical team, and in current practice this varies at approximately 50:50. Mobilization will be defined as the ability to stand on and weightbear both feet with or without assistance.

Results

Visual analogue scale pain scores, mobility status, and total analgesia use will be assessed on POD 1 and POD 2. EuroQol five-dimension health questionnaire scores, complication rates, and mortality rates will be assessed up to 30 days following surgery (POD 1, 2, 7, and 30).

Conclusion

This study will help to build a wider protocol aiming to improve early mobilization after hip fracture surgery. The results of this study will provide pain scores and mobility status which will either support use of subcutaneous alfentanil as the standard analgesic modality prior to physiotherapy sessions, or highlight its limitations compared to the standard oral oxycodone. Secondary outcomes will also help to assess if early mobilization improves outcomes compared to delayed mobilization.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2025;6(1):53–61.
Characterization of endophytic bacterial isolates from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) seedlings and ramets for their plant growth promoting potential
Authors: SURYANTI IDA AYU PUTU , PURNAMASARI MARIA INDAH , PRIHATNA CAHYA , RUSMANA IMAN , WAHYUDI ARIS TRI , SUWANTO ANTONIUS
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Suryanti IAP, Purnamasari MI, Prihatna C, Rusmana I, Wahyudi AT, Suwanto A. 2024. Characterization of endophytic bacterial isolates from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) seedlings and ramets for their plant growth-promoting potential. Biodiversitas 25: 3775-3788. Using sterile tissue culture to cultivate oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) seedlings results in the loss of beneficial endophytic bacteria, which can lead to various growth issues, including abnormal flower development and reduced palm oil production. The study aimed to investigate the potential endophytic bacteria in oil palm seedlings and ramets that serve as plant growth promoters. This research began with isolating and characterizing bacterial isolates with plant growth-promoting traits, then identification using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In vitro and in vivo growth tests were carried out to assess the prospects of these bacterial isolates. Seventeen bacterial isolates were successfully cultured from oil palm seedlings and ramets (seedlings from tissue culture), with 12 and 5 isolates, respectively, which displayed characteristics of plant growth-promoting bacteria: 88% could produce aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, 18% exhibited nitrogen-fixing abilities, 47% demonstrated phosphate solubilization, and 12% were producers of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) hormone, which. One of the isolates, designated as 3AK, was indicated as the Aeromonas genus, which originates from the environment and has all the plant growth-promoting properties tested qualitatively in this study. In vitro growth testing showed that 3AK isolate had the most significant average lengths for both shoots (4.4±0.4 cm) and roots (8.2±0.5 cm). In the greenhouse experiment (in vivo), the oil palm seedlings treated with bacteria, such as 3AK, exhibited differences in shoot and root dry weight compared to the control group, and the difference was statistically significant. These findings collectively indicate that endophytic bacteria code 3AK is isolated from oil palm root, identified as Aeromonas taiwanensis through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and has the potential as a plant growth promoter. Inoculation of Aeromonas taiwanensis strain 3AK and PsJN as Burkholderia phytofirmans strain PsJN (already known as a model for promoting plant growth) was carried out for the first time on the growth of oil palm seedlings.
The effect of planting distance engineering treatment on the morphophysiology and yield of soybean varieties integrated with oil palm
Authors: WAGINO WAGINO , RAUF ABDUL , HANUM CHAIRANI , RAHMANTA RAHMANTA
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Wagino, Rauf A, Hanum C, Rahmanta. 2024. The effect of planting distance engineering treatment on the morphophysiology and yield of soybean varieties integrated with oil palm. Biodiversitas 25: 3909-3919. The use of inter-land in oil palm plantations of immature plants is commonly studied, and the use in productive oil palm plantations distance has not been investigated. The research aimed to evaluate the productivity, environmental characteristics, and economic value of oil palm and soybean integration. A Split-Plot Design was used with the main plot consisted oil palm planting, the sub-plot was soybean planting repeated three times. The results that light intensity unmodified oil palm planting distance system decreased by 28% compared to the modified. The treatment of oil palm planting distance modification had a significant effect on the amount of leaf chlorophyll, seed weight per plant (11.49 g), weight of 100 seeds (18.29 g), production per-plot (993.55 g), and Dena 1 (692.90 g). The Land Equivalency Ratio (LER) was >1 (1.06) integration of Dena 1 soybean variety with oil palm planting distance engineering and an R/C value of 1.79, providing greater benefits compared to the monoculture planting system. The system also provided improvements to the environment by an increase in nitrogen (N) nutrient levels and soil organic carbon (C) levels. The oil palm planting distance engineering model could be a solution to increase sustainable soybean production in Indonesia.
Can storytelling encourage tolerance and intention to volunteer? Conveying volunteer experiences in a UK survey experiment
Authors: Blume Toby , John Peter , Mason Dyana P. , Petropoulos Marios
Published: January 2025

Storytelling from volunteers can demonstrate the voluntary contributions of others, especially when conveyed by a migrant. A story, told by someone who has recently moved from another country, can signal reciprocity and shared values, encouraging people to be more tolerant of ethnic diversity and stimulate their intentions to volunteer. To test these claims, we present results from a survey experiment of 7,815 people who were randomly assigned a video of a migrant and a non-migrant story as well as a control non-story-video condition. Both storytelling videos stimulate support for migrants having similar rights to social benefits and services as citizens already living in a state, with a higher impact of the migrant story as predicted. Other attitudes are not affected, including one negative result. Both videos reduce intention to volunteer, probably caused by attainment cognitive dissonance. Overall, videos are better placed to improve attitudes than intended behaviours.
Translating Science into New Dictates of the Way – The Tianyan Cosmology and Yan Fu’s Ethical Imaginings
Authors: Chi Limin
Published: January 2025

Tianyan is a fundamental concept for understanding Yan Fu’s (1854–1921) distinctive approach to modernization. Departing from the pragmatic focus of earlier reformers, he envisioned a path of spiritual and ethical renewal informed by evolutionary science. This paper examines how Yan Fu manipulated the evolutionary ideas of Thomas Huxley (1825–1895) and Herbert Spencer (1820–1903) and integrated them with traditional Chinese metaphysics to conceptualize a new cultural ideology, or the new Way (Dao), against a historical backdrop defined by shifting dynamics between diverse philosophies and worldviews. By examining his tianyan cosmology, the study illuminates Yan’s development of a modern ethical paradigm focused on individual and national character-building amidst historical transformations and cultural dialogues. Yan’s work reveals pathways for cultivating a modern identity and ethical structure within a globalizing context, making his intellectual legacy especially relevant to contemporary reflections on modernity and cross-cultural ethical evolution.
Higher-order- and multimode properties of nonlinear multipass cells for temporal compression
Authors: Hanna Marc , Natile Michele , Guichard Florent , Parize Gautier , Délen Xavier , Georges Patrick
Published: January 2025

Over the last few years, temporal compression in nonlinear multipass cells
(MPCs) has been proven to be a very promising method for future ultrafast
laser sources. Although the majority of the work has been done with
Gaussian beams, a few studies have touched upon using structured beams in
such subsystems. Here, based on coupled-mode theory and numerical
simulations, we focus on the behavior of MPCs upon excitation with either
a single higher-order spatial mode or a combination of such modes. This
includes their nonlinear properties, linear spatial dynamics upon
propagation, and selection rules for efficient nonlinear energy transfer
between modes. In particular, we show that the use of high-angular-order
Laguerre–Gauss modes should prove efficient to scale the pulse energy
inside MPCs.
Multi-watt output power in-band-pumped Ho:KLu(WO4)2 laser
Authors: Slimi Sami , Mateos Xavier , Solé Rosa Maria , Aguiló Magdalena , Díaz Francesc , Chen Weidong , Loiko Pavel , Chen Cui , Griebner Uwe , Petrov Valentin
Published: January 2025

Multi-watt continuous-wave operation is reported for what is believed to be the first time for an in-band-pumped Ho:KLu(WO4)2 laser emitting at 2078 nm in N
m
polarization. The slope efficiency reached 33.5% with respect to the incident unpolarized pump radiation near 1959 nm, without pronounced roll-off effects. The total tuning range with a 1.5% output coupler covered 117 nm.
Temperature-compensated ultra-stable optical cavity with re-entrant design
Authors: Chang Jialu , Wu Qiyue , Wang Zhiyuan , Zhang Jingxuan , Wei Qiang , Chen Xiaoxu , Lu Zehuang , Zhang Jie
Published: January 2025

Ultra-stable optical cavities with adjustable zero-crossing temperatures feature low thermal expansion and low-temperature control power consumption. We develop a re-entrant cavity featuring flexible and nondestructive zero-crossing temperature tuning capabilities, with a tunable range of 49°C. Using the same ultra-low expansion glass (ULE) batch with a zero-crossing temperature of 16.0(4)°C, we experimentally demonstrate a re-entrant cavity with a higher zero-crossing temperature tuning to 24.7(4)°C, significantly increasing the operational range compared to traditional sandwich cavities. The ultra-stable laser system developed on this re-entrant cavity shows a thermal noise limited performance of 1.05(1) × 10−15 at 0.2 s and a good long-term performance, making it suitable for portable applications such as space-borne laser sources.
Broadband hyperspectral LiDAR with a free-running gigahertz dual-comb supercontinuum
Authors: Camenzind S. L. , Nussbaum-Lapping A. , Willenberg B. , Pupeikis J. , Taher J. , Hakala T. , Kukko A. , Hyyppä J. , Ray P. , Phillips C. R. , Keller U.
Published: January 2025

Hyperspectral LiDAR (HSL) enables the simultaneous acquisition of the surface geometry and spectral signatures of remote natural targets, making it valuable for various applications such as material probing, automated point cloud segmentation, and vegetation health monitoring. We present a first proof-of-concept study of a broadband dual-comb HSL system based on a 1 GHz dual-comb supercontinuum (SC). The SC spans from 820 to 1300 nm, generated via coherent spectral broadening of a free-running single-cavity dual-comb oscillator at 1053 nm in a single nonlinear photonic crystal fiber. The HSL system achieves a sub-µm ranging precision on a non-cooperative target at an update rate of 670 Hz. The shot-noise limited electronic dual-comb interferograms furthermore encode the spectral information of the target reflection across the SC bandwidth. This allows the capture of precise 3D point clouds with spectral signatures, unlocking new possibilities for spectrum-based material classification.
Common-path ghost imaging through complex media with dual polarization
Authors: Wang Zian , Zhang Tianshun , Xiao Yin , Liu Zhigang , Chen Wen
Published: January 2025

The performance of ghost imaging (GI) is severely compromised by dynamic and complex scattering media in free space. In this Letter, we design a common-path GI (CPGI) setup with dual polarization in complex environments. The s-light and p-light with mutually perpendicular polarization states are generated and overlap in free space in the designed optical path to correct a series of dynamic scaling factors induced by the complex scattering media. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is highly robust and can achieve high imaging quality in complex media. Compared to previous schemes, the proposed method adopts a simplified optical setup and realizes high-quality GI in complex and dynamic scattering environments without extra algorithms in order to promote the wider application of GI.
Exploring the equivalence of causality-based and quantum mechanics-based sum rules for harmonic generation in nonlinear optical materials
Authors: Koutserimpas Theodoros T. , Li Hao , Miller Owen D. , Monticone Francesco
Published: January 2025

The Kramers-Kronig relations and various oscillator strength sum rules represent strong constraints on the physical response of materials. In this work, taking inspiration from the well-established equivalence between f-sum rules and Thomas-Reiche-Kuhn sum rules in linear optics, we explore the connection between causality-based and quantum-mechanics-based sum rules in the context of nonlinear optical processes. Specifically, by considering the sum-over-states expression for the second harmonic generation susceptibility, we deduce a new representation basis for the imaginary part of this susceptibility and we use it to derive, from causality-based integral sum rules, a new set of discrete sum rules that the transition dipole moments must satisfy. As in the case of the Thomas-Reiche-Kuhn sum rules, we also show that these results can alternatively be derived through an independent quantum mechanical analysis. Finally, we consider the implications of the derived sum rules for the second-harmonic-generation susceptibility of two- and three-level systems and, more broadly, we discuss the possible significance and challenges of using these results for the goal of identifying fundamental limits to the response of nonlinear optical materials.
Compact, folded multi-pass cells for energy scaling of post-compression
Authors: Schönberg Arthur , Rajhans Supriya , Escoto Esmerando , Khodakovskiy Nikita , Hariton Victor , Farace Bonaventura , Põder Kristjan , Raab Ann-Kathrin , Westerberg Saga , Merdanov Mekan , Viotti Anne-Lise , Arnold Cord L. , Leemans Wim P. , Hartl Ingmar , Heyl Christoph M.
Published: January 2025

Combining high peak power and high average power has long been a key challenge of ultrafast laser technology, crucial for applications such as laser-plasma acceleration and strong-field physics. A promising solution lies in post-compressed ytterbium lasers, but scaling these to high pulse energies presents a major bottleneck. Post-compression techniques, particularly Herriott-type multi-pass cells (MPCs), have enabled large peak power boosts at high average powers but their pulse energy acceptance reaches practical limits defined by setup size and coating damage threshold. In this work, we address this challenge and demonstrate, to our knowledge, a novel type of compact, energy-scalable MPC (CMPC). By employing a novel MPC configuration and folding the beam path, the CMPC introduces a new degree of freedom for downsizing the setup length, enabling compact setups even for large pulse energies. We experimentally and numerically verify the CMPC approach, demonstrating post-compression of 8 mJ pulses from 1 ps down to 51 fs in atmospheric air using a cell roughly 45 cm in length at low fluence values. Additionally, we discuss the potential for energy scaling up to 200 mJ with a setup size reaching 2.5 m. Our work presents a new approach to high-energy post-compression, with up-scaling potential far beyond the demonstrated parameters. This opens new routes for achieving the high peak and average powers necessary for demanding applications of ultrafast lasers.
Ten simple rules for good model-sharing practices
Authors: Kherroubi Garcia Ismael , Erdmann Christopher , Gesing Sandra , Barton Michael , Cadwallader Lauren , Hengeveld Geerten , Kirkpatrick Christine R. , Knight Kathryn , Lemmen Carsten , Ringuette Rebecca , Zhan Qing , Harrison Melissa , Mac Gabhann Feilim , Meyers Natalie , Osborne Cailean , Till Charlotte , Brenner Paul , Buys Matt , Chen Min , Lee Allen , Papin Jason , Rao Yuhan
Published: January 2025

Computational models are complex scientific constructs that have become essential for us to better understand the world. Many models are valuable for peers within and beyond disciplinary boundaries. However, there are no widely agreed-upon standards for sharing models. This paper suggests 10 simple rules for you to both (i) ensure you share models in a way that is at least “good enough,” and (ii) enable others to lead the change towards better model-sharing practices.