bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF CONTROLLED ADAPTIVE REPETITIONS ON STUDENT LEARNING IN 3D VIRTUAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Hanif ul Hassan  , Aftab Alam  , Shah Khalid  , Sehat Ullah  , Fakhrud Din  , Muhammad Salam
Published: December 2024

Research shows that cognitive aids such as audio,video and visual etc can help reduce mental load on students when working in 3D virtual envirments but at the same time it may hinder students' active exploration . Active exploration is necessary when the student perform the same experiment in physical world. The strategy of adaptive repetition is used as a control strategy to actively explore 3D virtual learning environments. However,this adaptation occurs automatically without allowing students to choose when to use the aid and what type aid to use. In this study, a controlled adaptive repetition strategy is proposed where the system facilitates students to repeat a task with a desired type of aid while working in 3D virtual learning environments. Experimental results shows that the proposed strategy is effective which enhances active exploration and students perform better in physical world.
GREEN E-COMMERCE WEBSITE MANAGEMENT MODEL (GEWMM) FROM DEVELOPER PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Shah khalid  , Muhammad Salam  , Aftab Alam  , Nasir Rashid
Published: December 2024

CONTEXT: The technique of creating, constructing, managing, and utilizing a website in a way that minimizes both direct and indirect energy usage over the course of the site's life cycle is known as green web engineering.
OBJECTIVE:The first objective of this study is to identify the success factors, risk factors and real-world green practices via Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to be considered by web developer that can contribute towards the development of green and sustainable e-commerce website. The second objective is to identify success factors, risk factors and real-world green practices via empirical methods to be considered by web developer that can contribute towards the development of green and sustainable e-commerce website. The third objective is to develop Green E-Commerce Website Management Model (GEWMM) From Developer‘s Perspective on the basis of above mentioned findings.
METHOD: In order to identify factors and practices, we will conduct a systematic literature review (SLR) using specially tailored search strings that are derived from our research questions. We will also employ case studies and questionnaire surveys, to confirm and validate our findings.
EXPECTED OUTCOME:The Green E-Commerce Website Management Model (GEWMM) from Developer's Perspective is the expected result of this research study. The model will assist web developer to gauge the green capabilities of an e-commerce website. The model will be produced as web based software tool to assist web developer to gauge the green capabilities of an e-commerce website.
KNOWLEDGE SHARING CHALLENGES AND ITS SOLUTIONS IN LARGE-SCALE AGILE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Nasir Nasir Rashid , Badre Alam  , Muhammad Salam  , Shah Khalid  , Haseena Noureen
Published: December 2024

CONTEXT – Software development organizations extensively adapt Agile methods due to the promising and appealing benefits and values it adds to the software products and overall software development process. Large-scale agile refers to the process of developing and delivering enterprise systems and software with a significant number of groups. Several studies have been carried out to determine the challenges, still, the research area is in its infancy, and more research is needed to uncover the issues and practices that large-scale agile development is facing.
OBJECTIVE – The main purpose of this study is to explore the challenges in knowledge sharing in large-scale agile software development (LSASD), and its relevant solutions/practices to address the identified challenges, and further validate it from software practitioners globally.
METHOD – We conducted a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to identify the challenges that LSASD faces. A total of 48 papers provided data for the identification of challenges and practices. Further, we conducted an online questionnaire survey to validate the SLR results. We received 52 responses from relevant practitioners from various countries.
RESULTS – To answer the first research question, we used SLR which resulted in 9 challenges along with the relevant 39 practices. In the second phase, we validated the identified challenges and practices through an online questionnaire survey.
CONCLUSION- Large-scale agile software development is desperately needed today. Our efforts will assist software vendor organizations in developing systems while keeping the LSASD's pinpointed issues in mind. These practices will assist the practitioners in overcoming the challenges in knowledge sharing at large-scale agile software development.
CFD SIMULATIONS FOR FLOW BEHAVIOR AROUND NACA 0012 AIRFOIL
Authors: Zahid Muhammad , Rashid Iqbal Muhammad
Published: December 2024

This research examines the aerodynamic behavior of a NACA 0012 airfoil under subsonic flow conditions. The behavior is examined in terms of the lift which is produced as a result of air attacking the airfoil. Lift coefficient is calculated against angle of attack for different inlet velocity conditions using a C-type geometry. The mathematical model comprises the Nervier-Stokes equations along with the Standard k-ϵ turbulence model to capture the turbulence. The mathematical model is a set of nonlinear partial differential equations to be solved simultaneously. We used the finite volume method to solve our problem. All tasks of simulations are accomplished using ANSYS Workbench 16.2.
EXPLORING THE PREDICTIVE ASSOCIATION OF BIG FIVE PERSONALITY TRAITS WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AMONG UNDERGRADUATE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Assma Ashraf  , Amreen  , Muneeba Shakil
Published: December 2024

The objective of this study was to assess the predictive association among the big five personality traits and psychological distress among undergraduate students. The study also explored the frequency of Psychological Distress among undergraduate students. The hypothesis of the study were a) big five personality traits would predict the level of psychological distress among undergraduate students. b) there would be a higher prevalence of psychological distress among undergraduate students c) the level of psychological distress would be higher among female undergraduate students as compared to their male counterparts.  The sample of the study consisted of 480 participants within the age range of 18-24 years from various departments of the University of Karachi. Participants were selected using purposive-convenient sampling technique. The measures used in the study were demographic form, big five inventory (John et.al, 2008) and the depression anxiety stress scale (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995). With reference to the frequency of mental health problems, 52.70%, 67.70% and 40.62% undergraduate university students reported moderate to extreme level of depression, anxiety and stress, respectively.  Findings are reflective of significant differences between male (M=45.5, SD= 22.8) and female (M=49.8, SD= 29.7) undergraduate students on the domain of Psychological distress (t (477) = 1.959, p< .05) showing that the level of psychological distress is higher in female students as compared to male students. Regarding the predictive association among big five personality traits and psychological distress, findings reflect a significant predictive impact of agreeableness (R2= .028, F=13.7, P<.001), conscientiousness (R2= .034, F=16.7, P<.001) and neuroticism (R2= .158, F=89.8, P<.001) on psychological distress among undergraduate students. In addition agreeableness and conscientiousness were found to be negative predictors causing 2.8 % and 3.4 % variance in the scores of psychological distress respectively. Conversely, neuroticism was found to be a positive predictor of psychological distress among undergraduate students causing 15.8 % variation. However extraversion (R2= .006, F=13.7, P>.001) and openness to experience (R2= .000, F=.000, P>.001) were found to be insignificant predictors of psychological distress among undergraduate students. The finding of the study highlights the importance of personality traits and its impact on the psychological well-being of students. These finding can be utilized for effective treatment planning in the domain of student counseling.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF MATCHED FILTER-BASED SECONDARY USER DETECTION IN COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORKS
Authors: Salahuddin  , Syed Shahid abbas  , Abdul manan razzaq  , Mubashar Hussain  , Meiraj aslam  , Prince hamza Shafique
Published: December 2024

This paper addresses to the detection of secondary user radio signal by proposed approach “Matched Filter” in a cognitive radio environment to ensure interference- free use for the primary user. Secondary user also run in unused spectrum bands that are licensed without interfering with the licensed user by doing so minimizing spectrum shortage and expanding the potency of spectrum utilization. Spectrum sensing has been noticed as being an important functionality of cognitive radio. Performance of proposed approach of spectrum sensing of this technique is based on false alarm and detection probability and sensing time is low as compared to other detectors and needs less time to achieve high processing gain.
Removal of developmentally regulated microexons has a minimal impact on larval zebrafish brain morphology and function
Authors: Calhoun Caleb CS , Capps Mary ES , Muya Kristie , Gannaway William C , Martina Verdion , Conklin Claire L , Klein Morgan C , Webster Jhodi , Torija-Olson Emma G , Thyme Summer B
Published: December 2024

Microexon splicing is a vertebrate-conserved process through which small, often in-frame, exons are differentially included during brain development and across neuron types. Although the protein sequences encoded by these exons are highly conserved and can mediate interactions, the neurobiological functions of only a small number have been characterized. To establish a more generalized understanding of their roles in brain development, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to remove 45 microexons in zebrafish and assessed larval brain activity, morphology, and behavior. Most mutants had minimal or no phenotypes at this developmental stage. Among previously studied microexons, we uncovered baseline and stimulus-driven phenotypes for two microexons (meA and meB) in
ptprd
and reduced activity in the telencephalon in the
tenm3
B
0
isoform. Although mild, neural phenotypes were discovered for several microexons that have not been previously characterized, including in
ppp6r3, sptan1, dop1a, rapgef2, dctn4, vti1a
, and
meaf6
. This study establishes a general approach for investigating conserved alternative splicing events and prioritizes microexons for downstream analysis.
Monitoring of Cell-free Human Papillomavirus DNA in Metastatic or Recurrent Cervical Cancer: Clinical Significance and Treatment Implications
Authors: Yin Zhuomin , Feng Tao , Xu Qing , Dai Wumin , Ni Maowei , Ni Juan , Lou Hanmei
Published: December 2024

Monitoring of circulating human papillomavirus (HPV) cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a minimally invasive approach for surveillance in HPV-associated cancers, particularly cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to monitor circulating HPV cfDNA levels in patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer during treatment and follow-up to assess the utility of HPV cfDNA as a tumor marker for disease surveillance and in guiding clinical treatment decisions.In this prospective pilot observational study, levels of HPV cfDNA in serum samples from 28 patients with recurrent or metastatic HPV+ cervical cancer were measured via digital droplet polymerase chain reaction. Results for HPV cfDNA levels were matched to clinical outcomes and to serum levels of squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) to assess the clinical potential of HPV cfDNA as a tumor marker.HPV cfDNA was detected in all 28 patients (100%). Notably, median baseline HPV cfDNA levels varied according to the metastatic pattern in individual patients (
P
=0.019). Specifically, patients with a combined multiple-metastasis pattern had higher median baseline HPV cfDNA levels than patients with a single metastasis (
P
=0.003). All participants exhibited changes in HPV cfDNA levels over a median monitoring period of 2 months (range 0.3–16.9) before evaluations for treatment response or disease progression. Among 26 patients initially diagnosed with squamous cell cervical cancer, the positivity rate was 100% for HPV cfDNA and 69.2% for SCC-Ag (
P
=0.004, 95% confidence interval, 0–0.391). Among 20 patients longitudinally monitored for squamous cell cervical cancer, the concordance with changes in disease status was 90% for HPV cfDNA and 50% for SCC-Ag (
P
=0.014, 95% confidence interval, 0.022–0.621).HPV cfDNA is a promising tumor marker for HPV+ cervical cancer that offers advantages over SCC-Ag. In the context of precision medicine, HPV cfDNA is poised to play an increasingly pivotal role in monitoring treatment efficacy, providing valuable insights into disease progression, and guiding clinical decisions.
Oncogenic and teratogenic effects of p53Y217C, a mouse model of the human hotspot mutant p53Y220C
Authors: Jaber Sara , Eldawra Eliana , Rakotopare Jeanne , Gabriel Marc , Lejour Vincent , Simeonova Iva , Morillon Antonin , Bardot Boris , Toledo Franck
Published: December 2024

Missense “hotspot” mutations localized in six p53 codons account for 20% of
TP53
mutations in human cancers. Hotspot p53 mutants have lost the tumor suppressive functions of the wildtype protein, but whether they may gain additional functions promoting tumorigenesis remains controversial. Here we generated

Trp53
Y217C

, a mouse model of the human hotspot mutant

TP53
Y220C

. DNA damage responses were lost in p53
Y217C/Y217C
cells. Surprisingly, intercrosses from p53
+/Y217C
heterozygotes yielded only one p53
Y217C/Y217C
female for nineteen p53
Y217C/Y217C
males at weaning, a skewed distribution explained by the high frequency of p53
Y217C/Y217C
female embryos with exencephaly and the death of most p53
Y217C/Y217C
female neonates. Furthermore, parturition was impaired in pregnant p53
Y217C/Y217C
females. Finally, p53
Y217C/Y217C
males died earlier than p53
-/-
males, with more aggressive thymic lymphomas. Together, these data indicate that the p53
Y217C
mutation not only abrogates wildtype p53 functions, but also exerts additional effects promoting oncogenesis in males and teratogenesis or dystocia in females.
CellSeg3D: self-supervised 3D cell segmentation for light-sheet microscopy
Authors: Achard Cyril , Kousi Timokleia , Frey Markus , Vidal Maxime , Paychère Yves , Hofmann Colin , Iqbal Asim , Hausmann Sebastien B , Pagès Stéphane , Mathis Mackenzie Weygandt
Published: December 2024

Understanding the complex three-dimensional structure of cells is crucial across many disciplines in biology and especially in neuroscience. Here, we introduce a novel 3D self-supervised learning method designed to address the inherent complexity of quantifying cells in 3D volumes, often in cleared neural tissue. We offer a new 3D mesoSPIM dataset and show that CellSeg3D can match state-of-the-art supervised methods. Our contributions are made accessible through a Python package with full GUI integration in napari.
A model for correlation-based choreographic programming
Authors: Giallorenzo Saverio , Montesi Fabrizio , Gabbrielli Maurizio
Published: December 2024

Choreographies provide a clear way to specify the intended communication behaviour of concurrent and distributed systems. Previous theoretical work investigated the translation of choreographies into (models of) programs based on message passing. However, existing theories still present a gap between how they model communications—using channel names à la CCS or $\pi$-calculus—and implementations—which use lower-level mechanisms for message routing. We start bridging this gap with a new formal framework called Applied Choreographies. In Applied Choreographies, developers write choreographies in a familiar syntax (from previous work) and reason about their behaviour through simple, abstract name-based communication semantics. The framework offers state-of-the-art features of choreographic models, e.g., modular programming supported via choreographic types. To provide its correctness guarantee, Applied Choreographies comes with a compilation procedure that transforms a choreography into a low-level, implementation-adherent calculus of Service-Oriented Computing (SOC). To manage the complexity of the compilation, we divide its formalisation and proof into three stages, respectively dealing with: (a) the translation of name-based communications into their SOC equivalents, namely, using correlation mechanisms based on message data; (b) the projection of the given choreography into a composition of partial, single-participant choreographies (towards their translation into SOC processes); (c) the translation of partial choreographies and the distribution of global, choreography-level state into local SOC processes. We provide behavioural correspondence results for each stage. Thus, given a choreography specification, we guarantee to synthesise its faithful service-oriented implementation.
Regulation of lymphoma in vitro by CLP36 through the PI3K/AKT/CREB signaling pathway
Authors: Lv Chao , Chen Guannan , Lv Shuang
Published: December 2024

Background

CLP36 is also known as PDZ and LIM Domain 1 (PDLIM1) that is a ubiquitously-expressed α-actinin-binding cytoskeletal protein involved in carcinogenesis, and our current study aims to explore its involvement in lymphoma.

Methods

Accordingly, the CLP36 expression pattern in lymphoma and its association with the overall survival was predicted. Then, qPCR was applied to gauge CLP36 expression in lymphoma cells and determine the knockdown efficiency. The survival, proliferation and apoptosis of CLP36-silencing lymphoma cells were tested. Cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis were assessed based on cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, colony formation assay, EdU staining, and flow cytometry, respectively. Additionally, qPCR was used to calculate the expressions of proteins associated with metastasis and apoptosis, while immunoblotting was employed to determine the phosphorylation status of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB).

Results

CLP36 expression was relatively higher in lymphoma, which was associated with a poor prognosis. Also, CLP36 was highly-expressed in lymphoma cells and the silencing of CLP36 contributed to the suppressed survival and proliferation as well as the enhanced apoptosis of lymphoma cells. Further, CLP36 silencing repressed the expressions of Cadherin 2 (CDH2) and Vimentin (VIM) yet promoted those of Bax and Caspase 3 in lymphoma cells, concurrent with the reduction on the phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT and CREB, all of which were confirmed to be positively correlated with CLP36.

Conclusion

This study, so far as we are concerned, provided evidence on the involvement of CLP36/PI3K/AKT/CREB axis in lymphoma, which may be contributive for the identification on the relevant molecular targets of lymphoma.
An efficient propagation system through stem cuttings of a multipurpose plant—Ficus tikoua Bur
Authors: Tan Tinghong , Peng Yu , An Biling , Gao Fan , Sun Yanni , Yang Chuandong , Yang Hong , Lu Zhihong
Published: December 2024

Ficus tikoua Bur., a versatile plant with medicinal, edible, landscaping, and ecological applications, holds significant economic value and boasts a long-standing history of utilization in China. Despite its robust adaptability, rapid growth, and extensive distribution, the current research gap concerning the physiological mechanisms underlying stem cutting propagation hampers the development of efficient strategies for commercial-scale propagation of F. tikoua, particularly for large-scale cultivation. To address this, we investigated the effects of habitat heterogeneity, physiological indicators, and environmental factors on the cutting propagation of F. tikoua. Stem segments were collected from grassland, sandy, rocky and understory habitats in the field and subjected to comprehensive analyses using a two-factor mixed experimental design and progressive group experiments. Our findings indicate that stem segments of F. tikoua with a length of 10 cm and a diameter of 0.5∼0.7 cm exhibited the highest shoot induction rate and total multiplication coefficient. Optimal results were achieved with a vertical burial depth of 5∼7 cm. Stem segments aged 2∼3 years produced the highest number of seedlings, and the most suitable propagation period for cuttings was from March to April. The best substrate-habitat combinations for overall seeding yield were grassland-T4 (loam: light substrate: humus = 2:1:1), sandy-T6 (loam: light substrate: humus = 2:3:1), rocky-T5 (loam: light substrate: humus = 2:2:1), understory-T3 (loam: light substrate: humus = 1:1:1), respectively. Mantel test analyses revealed that the ability of F. tikoua cuttings from different habitats to form adventitious roots (ARs) largely determined the functional traits associated with cutting propagation. Overall, our results suggest that stem segment from grassland habitat are the most suitable for F. tikoua cutting propagation, with a loam: light substrate: humus ratio of 2:1:1 being the most favorable substrate. In contrast, F. tikoua from rocky habitat is not suitable for cutting propagation, particularly for large-scale seedling production.
Gestão de projetos públicos: um estudo de caso de uma obra municipal
Authors: Jesus Aparecilio Lopes de , Salume Paula Karina , Siqueira Paulo Henrique de Lima , Infante Carlos Eduardo Durange de Carvalho
Published: December 2024

Este trabalho examina a gestão de projetos públicos, destacando conceitos fundamentais e sua aplicação prática por meio de um estudo de caso sobre a construção de uma ponte em um município do Estado de Minas Gerais. A gestão de projetos públicos envolve o planejamento, a execução e o monitoramento de iniciativas governamentais para garantir que sejam concluídas com eficiência e eficácia. O estudo de caso da construção da ponte ilustra a aplicação desses conceitos, abordando desde o planejamento inicial até a execução e a entrega do projeto. São discutidos os desafios enfrentados e as soluções implementadas, oferecendo uma visão prática das melhores práticas e estratégias na gestão de projetos públicos. O trabalho visa proporcionar uma compreensão mais profunda dos conceitos de gestão e suas implicações para a realização bem-sucedida de obras públicas.
Arquitetura computacional para controle de monitoramento de qualidade de energia utilizando ferramentas de inteligência artificial focado na indústria 4.0 com integração de energias renováveis
Authors: Kamio Edson , Guimarães Gil Eduardo , Leite Jandecy Cabral , Almeida Anderson Alexandre Silva de , Monteiro Odilon Bentes , Ribeiro Paulo Francisco da Silva , Nascimwento Filho Alarico Gonçalves do
Published: December 2024

A qualidade de energia elétrica (QEE) é crucial para a eficiência dos sistemas industriais, especialmente na Indústria 4.0. Esta dissertação apresenta uma arquitetura computacional para controle e monitoramento da QEE, integrando fontes renováveis e inteligência artificial (IA). Fator de potência (FP) e distorção harmônica total (THD) são indicadores críticos que, se desbalanceados, aumentam custos operacionais e reduzem a vida útil de equipamentos. A proposta utiliza IA para monitoramento preditivo e controle dinâmico de bancos de capacitores e filtros harmônicos, mitigando problemas de FP inadequado e THD elevada. A compensação de potência reativa (CPR) é central para corrigir o FP, com IA ajustando os níveis de compensação em tempo real. Além disso, o sistema integra energia solar de forma estratégica, maximizando economia e sustentabilidade no ambiente industrial. Um software inovador, utilizando o dispositivo Smart Cap 485 da IMS via protocolo Modbus-RTU, coleta e analisa dados como tensão, corrente, potência e THD. Esses dados são armazenados em MySQL e processados por algoritmos de aprendizado profundo (LSTM) e otimização (AG). Dashboards interativos desenvolvidos em Python fornecem visualizações detalhadas para prever problemas e tomar decisões estratégicas, como acionamento dinâmico de capacitores e filtros. A integração de IA e energia solar oferece novas possibilidades para eficiência energética e redução de dependência de fontes convencionais. No entanto, lacunas na literatura, como padrões de interoperabilidade e explicabilidade de algoritmos, reforçam a relevância da pesquisa.
Supply chain security: evaluating RSA vulnerabilities in the era of Shor's algorithm
Authors: Galhardi Antonio Cesar , Souza Rodrigo de
Published: December 2024

This study presents a comparative analysis of algorithms based on Shor's Algorithm, using the ChatGPT artificial intelligence tool for generating codes in Qiskit, a language focused on quantum computing, in two different periods: August 2023 and February 2024. The results revealed a significant improvement in the suggestions provided by the tool, indicating notable progress in strategies for implementing the algorithm. In the most recent analysis, from February 2024, a substantial risk to the security of RSA encryption was identified if automatically generated codes are implemented without supervision in environments with remote access to quantum computers. This risk has critical implications for modern logistics, particularly in the sharing of sensitive information throughout the supply chain, reinforcing the need for robust cybersecurity solutions to mitigate the potential impacts of this technological evolution.
Effect of Urbanization on Employment, Wages and Livelihood of Rural People in Haryana, India
Authors: Tanwar Rashmi , Singh Sunil Kumar
Published: December 2024

Aims: This paper examined the effect of urbanization on employment, wages and livelihood of rural people in Haryana.
Study Design: Two stages purposive sampling design was used for the selection of sample. At first stage, three districts namely Gurugram, Rewari and Mahendergarh had been selected purposively indicating different level of urbanization. At second stage, road side villages located within 10 Kilometer from their respective urban centre (Cluster 1) and villages located more than 10 Kilometer from urban centre (Cluster 2) had been selected purposively to collect the required information.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Haryana during February and March 2018. The relevant primary data was collected from village head of sampled villages through personal interview using pre tested schedule.
Methodology: Total 90 villages were surveyed to collect the information on relevant variables. The collected data were analyzed using tabular method to achieve the objectives of the study.
Results: The study revealed that more people were residing in villages located away from urban centre (cluster 1) as compared to villages located near to urban centre (cluster 2) in all districts. The literacy rate was a little higher in cluster 1 than cluster 2 for both male and female population. Majority of population was engaged in agriculture in both clusters while higher percentage of population was engaged in agriculture in cluster 2 as compared to cluster 1. 87.13 percent and 66.09 per cent of total workers were engaged in non-farm sector in cluster 1 and cluster 2, respectively. The majority of village head in both clusters reported that urbanization had created better marketing facilities, job opportunities and provided better services. Although, the facilities had increased in the villages due to urbanization but more improvement was required to reduce the urban- rural gap. The majority of job created by urbanization was unskilled type in both clusters. The private sector had played a very important role in the development of villages in cluster 1 while in cluster 2, the government agencies had played important role in the development of villages.
Conclusion: The study concluded that urbanization had created opportunities for the rural people in Haryana. However, a good policy framework was still required to get the robust result of urbanization on rural transformation.
Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Pod Yield and Its Related Traits in F3 Populations of Spanish Bunch Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Patel Jaimin K. , Sapara G. K. , Parmar R. S. , Riya
Published: December 2024

The present investigation was carried out to estimate the genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for pod yield and its related traits in F3 generation of four different crosses of Spanish bunch groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) at Main Oilseeds Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh. The mean squares due to crosses were significant for all the characters suggesting presence of large amount of genetic variability in the material studied. The analysis of variance due to progenies within crosses were significant for most of the characters except oil content (%) in all four crosses. Wide range of variation was maximum for number of immature pods per plant, number of mature pods per plant, pod yield per plant, biological yield per plant, kernel yield per plant and 100-mature kernel weight in all four crosses. The PCV and GCV values were low to moderate for all four crosses except for number of immature pods per plant. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was registered for number of mature pods per plant, number of immature pods per plant, biological yield per plant and harvest index in AK-335 × ICGV-171024. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was registered for number of primary branches per plant, number of mature pods per plant, number of immature pods per plant, pod yield per plant, biological yield per plant and kernel yield per plant in GG-35 × ICGV-06141. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was registered for number of immature pods per plant, kernel yield per plant and 100-mature kernel weight in TPG-41 × TCGS-1694. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was registered for number of primary branches per plant, number of immature pods per plant, biological yield per plant and harvest index in ICGV-171013 × TG-90 indicating that additive gene effects governed these characters and could be chosen as selection criteria for formulating breeding strategies in groundnut.
Profile of Patients with Ischemic Stroke Accident in a Regional Hospital of Piauí, Brazil
Authors: Silva Maria Luzinete Rodrigues da , Silva Samuel Marques da , Silva Debora Marques da , Coelho Francivaldo de Deus , Máximo Maria Madalena Gomes Pereira , Carvalho Izabel Cristina da Silva , Cardoso Adelzira Rodrigues , Jesus Fabricio Peruna de , Monteiro Iago Orleans Pinheiro , Silva Elias da , Pereira Giovanna Balancieri , Santos Helberty Carlos dos , Oliveira Magno de , Costa Henrique Almeida Assis
Published: December 2024

Objective: To analyze the profile of patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke at a regional hospital. This is an epidemiological, retrospective, descriptive, and documental study with a quantitative approach.
Methodology: The study population consisted of a sample of 70 patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke (IS).
Results: The predominant age range was 61 to 80 years (41.4%), with a mean age of 68.39 ± 16.15 years. Regarding gender, 55.7% were male. Ethnically, 90% self-identified as mixed-race (pardo). The most prevalent comorbidity was systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), present in 87.5% of cases, followed by diabetes mellitus (DM) in 20.8%. As for clinical outcomes, 71.4% of patients showed improvement, while 28.6% succumbed. Thrombolytic therapy was administered in 10% of cases, with an average treatment initiation time of three hours and a hospital stay of 5.57 days. For the 90% who did not undergo thrombolysis, the average treatment initiation time was 14.87 hours, with a hospital stay of 7.29 days.
Conclusion: This research identified trends consistent with the literature, highlighting that individuals over 60 years old with one or more chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) are more susceptible to ischemic stroke.
Growth Response of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Varieties in Containerized System for Urban Horticulture
Authors: Swetha V. , Simi S. , Manju P.R. , Manju R.V. , Divakar Suma
Published: December 2024

Guava (Psidium guajava L.), prized for its nutritional and economic value, thrives in tropical and subtropical regions, making it a suitable candidate for urban container farming. This study, conducted at the Department of Fruit Science, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, evaluated the growth response of five guava varieties under 80-liter air-pot cultivation. Among the varieties, Arka Mridula excelled in vegetative parameters, including plant height (72.33 cm) and biochemical traits like total chlorophyll (0.98 mg/100g) and reducing sugars (1.84%). Arka Rashmi showed the best reproductive performance, with early flowering (101 days after pruning), maximum flowers (12.33), and optimal canopy spread. These findings highlight the potential of Arka Rashmi for container cultivation, offering a sustainable solution for urban horticulture and food security challenges.
Goji Berry (Lycium barbarum) Extract as a Potential Anti-Photoaging Agent: A Literature Review
Authors: Sutikno Lena Margaretha , Sugiritama I Wayan , Sumadi I Wayan Juli
Published: December 2024

Tropical countries worldwide are frequently subjected to high levels of sunlight year-round. This leads to concerns about potential harmful effects, including skin damage resulting from oxidative stress caused by free radicals due to prolonged sun exposure. This results in extrinsic skin aging, or photoaging. Sunscreen, as a primary photoprotection, is commonly recommended to protect the skin from sunlight. However, even sunscreens with high SPF cannot provide 100% protection from damage caused by free radicals generated by UV rays. Therefore, secondary photoprotection such as natural antioxidants are needed. Goji berry is a natural antioxidant known as a superfruit because it contains many compounds with high antioxidant activity, such as lycium barbarum polysaccharides, flavonoids, carotenoids, and phenols. The antioxidant compounds in goji berries can act as scavengers or neutralize excess free radicals on the skin, and they can also stimulate the production of endogenous antioxidants in the skin to prevent oxidative damage caused by sunlight. This literature review utilized electronic databases on Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink using the keyword "Goji Berry”, “Lycium barbarum”, “Photoaging”, “Skin Aging” and “Photoprotection”. We found six studies on the treatment using goji berry extract related to skin aging caused by UV radiation (photoaging). In conclusion, the studies suggest that goji berry extract has great potential as an antioxidant in combating photoaging. Further research is needed to determine the best method of administration and the optimal dosage as an anti-photoaging agent.
Assessment of Insecticide Compatibility with Metarhizium (Nomuraea) rileyi for Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) Management in Maize
Authors: Sugeetha G , Adwaitha M V , Reddy K S Nikhil , Mahadevu P , Mahadeva J , Shivakumar K V
Published: December 2024

The mycelial growth of Metarhizium rileyi, an entomopathogenic fungus, was evaluated in media treated with various insecticides and their inhibitory effects on fungal growth. The effects of insecticides Thiodicarb 75 WP, Spinetoram 11.7 SC, Emamectin benzoate 5 SG, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC, Novaluron 5.25 + Emamectin benzoate 0.9 SC, and Chlorantraniliprole 9.3 + Lambda-cyhalothrin 4.6 ZC were tested at different concentrations (50%, 75% and 100% recommended concentration)1/2, 3/4, and full recommended concentrations, Recommended Concentration). Observations at 7, 14, and 21 days after inoculation revealed significant differences in fungal growth compared to the control. Thiodicarb 75 WP showed minimal inhibition, with the lowest growth inhibition (12.73%) at 3/4th RC, indicating high compatibility with M. rileyi. Emamectin benzoate 5 SG also showed low inhibition (0.61-24.85%) at various concentrations, supporting robust fungal growth. In contrast, Spinetoram 11.7 SC exhibited the highest growth inhibition (60.61-69.70%), particularly at full RC. The study concludes that lower concentrations of certain insecticides, particularly Thiodicarb, Emamectin benzoate, and Chlorantraniliprole, have minimal inhibitory effects on M. rileyi, while higher concentrations of Spinetoram and Novaluron + Emamectin benzoate had shown significant inhibition. These findings suggest that compatibility between M. rileyi and insecticides is concentration-dependent, highlighting the importance of formulation selection for integrated pest management strategies.
Boron‐Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (B‐PAHs): Synthesis, Properties, and Applications
Authors: Lorenzo‐García María M. , Fasano Francesco , Bonifazi Davide
Published: September 2021

Inspired by the doping approach used in silicon technology to building inorganic semiconductors, in this chapter we tackle the emerging approach in organic synthesis of exploiting the replacement of carbon atoms with isolobal heteroatoms. Capitalizing on the idea for which the insertion of heteroatoms of graphitic nanostructure preserves the planar geometry of the π‐scaffold, one could envisage to tune the optoelectronic properties of π‐conjugated molecular materials by the only insertion of heteroatoms. Herein, we discuss all B‐containing rings that can be envisaged to construct doped π‐conjugated structures integrating a graphenoid framework. In the first section, we guide the reader through the synthesis, properties, and applications of the most relevant examples of B‐doped PAHs, in which one or more sp2‐hybridized carbon atoms have been replaced by B atoms through the formation of the CB bond. Past and recent synthetic developments of aromatic and nonaromatic B‐doped ring, i.e., boracycle, are discussed. B‐PAHs are amenable to be classified by ring size of the boracycle, that is, three‐, four‐, five‐, six‐, or seven‐membered rings. In a second avenue, we focused the attention on the use of the boron–nitrogen (BN) pair site as isoelectronic and isostructural doping units replacing CC bonds in PAHs. While three‐ and four‐membered rings containing BN couples are known but not extensively explored, five‐ and six‐membered rings are certainly the most studied structural π‐conjugated motifs. In the last section, the heart of the discussion is centered on B‐PAHs containing BO bonds, mainly in five‐ and six‐membered rings.
Strategic Engineering of Sub‐5 nm Dyes@CDs Nanoassemblies Platform for Super Resolution Imaging
Authors: Man Zhongwei , Lv Zheng , Xu Zhenzhen , Yao Jiannian , Fu Hongbing
Published: September 2021

The design and construction of fluorescence probes with small size, high quantum yield, photostability, and solubility in an aqueous solution to achieve biomarker have become a focus of interest in super‐resolution bioimaging application. Herein, four kinds of GFP‐like supramolecular nanoassemblies (SNAs) are constructed in a very facile manner by the host–guest interaction between isopercolic acid derivatives (IADs) and cyclodextrin (CD). 1H NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and single crystal structure well prove the formation of SNAs. Moreover, compared to the initial state, the fluorescence quantum yield of the SNAs is dramatically improved through suppressing nonradiative relaxation pathways and shielding quenchers. The bimolecular exciton–exciton annihilation (bmEA) process under the high pumping fluence has been suppressed effectively. Both the improved gain and the reduced loss facilitate the buildup of stimulated emission and enable the high stimulated emission efficiency of these SNAs. Sub‐5 nm IADs@β‐CDs‐mediated STED imaging exhibits excellent stimulated emission depletion (STED) performance: high photostability, low saturation intensity (≈0.50 MW cm−2), and high resolution (30 nm) under PSTED‐775 nm of 109 MW cm−2. This supramolecular strategy avoids the tedious molecular synthesis process and paves a new pathway for insights into building up novel high‐performance STED probes.
Mitochondrion‐Anchored Photosensitizer with Near Infrared‐I Aggregation‐Induced Emission for Near Infrared‐II Two‐Photon Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: He Zhenyan , Gao Yuting , Zhang Huimin , Xue Ying , Meng Fanling , Luo Liang
Published: September 2021

Two‐photon photodynamic therapy (2P‐PDT) that employs photosensitizers (PSs) with 2P absorption is particularly intriguing in cancer treatment, in that 2P excitation enables precise spatial localization and deep tissue penetration. Here, a donor‐π‐acceptor PS (named TPBPy) with near infrared (NIR) aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) is designed and synthesized for imaging‐guided 2P‐PDT. The maximal photoluminescence (PL) peak of TPBPy is as high as 720 nm when it is encapsulated in liposomes. Upon 2P irradiation by a laser in NIR‐II window (λ = 1000 nm), TPBPy exhibits strong NIR‐I PL in a multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs) model, showing an imaging depth of 210 µm that is significantly higher than upon one‐photon irradiation. Moreover, TPBPy localizes specifically on mitochondrion, an important organelle in cell oxidative metabolism and apoptosis. When exposed to the NIR‐II irradiation, TPBPy can efficiently generate singlet oxygen (1O2) and trigger cell death. The efficacy of TPBPy‐mediated 2P‐PDT has also been validated using 4T1 tumor mouse model, the growth of which is significantly suppressed upon NIR‐II laser irradiation. TPBPy herein serves as an excellent candidate to suppress deep tumor tissues through NIR‐II 2P‐PDT, and also renders a new paradigm to construct mitochondrion‐anchored AIE luminogens for future cancer theranostic applications.
Construction of pH‐Dependent Nanozymes with Oxygen Vacancies as the High‐Efficient Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenger for Oral‐Administrated Anti‐Inflammatory Therapy
Authors: Zhao Ning , Yang Fei‐Er , Zhao Cong‐Ying , Lv Shi‐Wen , Wang Jin , Liu Jing‐Min , Wang Shuo
Published: September 2021

It is of great significance to eliminate excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) for treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Herein, for the first time, a novel nanozyme NiCo2O4@PVP is constructed via a step‐by‐step strategy. Noticeably, the existence of oxygen vacancy in the NiCo2O4@PVP is helpful for capturing oxygenated compounds, while both redox couples of Co3+/Co2+ and Ni3+/Ni2+ will offer richer catalytic sites. As expected, the obtained NiCo2O4@PVP exhibits pH‐dependent multiple mimic enzymatic activities. Benefiting from the introduction of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), the NiCo2O4@PVP possesses good physiological stability and excellent biosafety in stomach and intestines’ environment. Meanwhile, the NiCo2O4@PVP also presents strong scavenging activities to ROS in vitro, including •O2−, H2O2, as well as •OH. Furthermore, a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)‐induced colitis model is established for evaluating the anti‐inflammatory activity of NiCo2O4@PVP in vivo. Based on the size‐mediated and charge‐mediated mechanisms, the nanozyme can pass through the digestive tract and target the inflamed site for oral‐administrated anti‐inflammatory therapy. More interestingly, compared with the model group, the expression levels of inflammatory factors (e.g., Interleukin‐ 6 (IL‐6), Interleukin‐ 1β (IL‐1β), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)) in colon of mice show a significant decrease after nanozyme intervention, thereby inhibiting the development of IBD. In short, current work provides an alternative therapy for patients suffering from IBD.
Dual‐Light‐Triggered In Situ Structure and Function Regulation of Injectable Hydrogels for High‐Efficient Anti‐Infective Wound Therapy
Authors: Zhang Yu , Wu Haixia , Li Peipei , Liu Wenxin , Zhang Yanling , Dong Alideertu
Published: September 2021

Most injectable hydrogels used in biomedical engineering have unsatisfactory and untunable mechanical properties, making it difficult to match them with the mechanical strengths of different tissues and organs, which can cause a series of adverse consequences such as immune rejection and soft tissue contusion. In this contribution, dopamine‐modified hyaluronic acid (HA‐DA) is developed as the backbone for an injectable hydrogel using a catechol–Fe3+ coordination crosslinking strategy. Due to dynamic physical crosslinking, the hydrogel can be easily injected through a single syringe. Into the hydrogel, black phosphorous nanosheets loaded with a Zr‐based porphyrinic metal−organic framework (PCN@BP) are introduced that could generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) under 660 nm laser irradiation, this promotes the oxidative coupling of dopamine in the presence of the ROS, introducing in situ chemical crosslinking into the hydrogel. A physical/chemical double‐crosslinked hydrogel is obtained, effectively improving the hydrogel's mechanical properties, which are tuned in situ by adjusting the irradiation time to match the mechanical modulus of different biological tissues. Combining the excellent photothermal properties and photodynamic performance of the PCN@BP nanosheets yields effective sterilization under mild conditions (below 50 °C, low ROS production). The results show that this hydrogel is an excellent multifunctional wound dressing.
Evolution of Graphene Patterning: From Dimension Regulation to Molecular Engineering
Authors: Wei Tao , Hauke Frank , Hirsch Andreas
Published: September 2021

The realization that nanostructured graphene featuring nanoscale width can confine electrons to open its bandgap has aroused scientists’ attention to the regulation of graphene structures, where the concept of graphene patterns emerged. Exploring various effective methods for creating graphene patterns has led to the birth of a new field termed graphene patterning, which has evolved into the most vigorous and intriguing branch of graphene research during the past decade. The efforts in this field have resulted in the development of numerous strategies to structure graphene, affording a variety of graphene patterns with tailored shapes and sizes. The established patterning approaches combined with graphene chemistry yields a novel chemical patterning route via molecular engineering, which opens up a new era in graphene research. In this review, the currently developed graphene patterning strategies is systematically outlined, with emphasis on the chemical patterning. In addition to introducing the basic concepts and the important progress of traditional methods, which are generally categorized into top‐down, bottom‐up technologies, an exhaustive review of established protocols for emerging chemical patterning is presented. At the end, an outlook for future development and challenges is proposed.