bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating Difficulties Faced by Iraqi EFL Learners in Identifying the Illocutionary Force of the Reduplicative Words
Authors: Farhan Mahmood Atiya
Published: April 2023

A reduplicative word is an important phenomenon in all language studies because it reflects many functions in language communication such as plurality, emphasis, contrast, imitation.  The various instances of reduplicative words in a particular language reflect the richness and uniqueness of that language. Moreover, such variation gives insights into both culture and thought. A reduplicative word is a linguistic phenomenon found in the syntactic, morphological, phonological and semantic levels. The current study aims at investigating the illocutionary force of English reduplicative words in some selected English colloquial utterances. To achieve this aim, an analytical -pragmatic approach has been used by adopting Searle’s (1979) classifications of speech acts in order to identify and analyze the illocutionary force of reduplicative words. The results show that EFL learners face difficulties in identifying the illocutionary forces because of the lack of the cultural background concerning these reduplicative words. The majority of errors committed by the participants are found in production test due to the fact that Iraqi EFL learners are ignorant and unfamiliar with producing such words as well as these words require much more awareness, attention and practice.Finally, they have committed less errors in the recognition test due to the fact that they have somehow pragmatic competence and background knowledge regarding these words.
Sources of Threatening Educational Security: Means and Effects
Authors: Al-Banna Thikra Jamel M. H.
Published: April 2023

Today’s world confronts various threats from different sources. Similar to deprivation of energy, economic facilities, or political deposition, educational poisoning is one of the dangerous phenomena that result from distorting and corrupting the ethical and educational components of teaching by various material and non – material means.This paper sheds light on the concept of the educational system which is not a mere process of teaching, but rather an endless process of socialization that begins in the family and develops into religious, ethical, scientific and mythological systems, all of which form the cognitive component. It also defines the necessary means by which it is transmitted from one generation into another. The educational system, indeed, is closely connected with the culture of society. The study also gives an in-depth look at some concepts, mainly education, security, educational security, and sources of threat such as novelties, alternative religions, ethical system destruction, and curriculum distortion. It also attempts to provide a cursory account of the different effects of educational threat and presents some suggestions.
Illiteracy and its Impact on the Reality of Iraqi Youth between Heritage and Contemporary
Authors: Ismaeel Anas Isam
Published: April 2023

Illiteracy has spread in the last years, although it was eliminated in the 1980s. The return of illiteracy brings ignorance, illness, backwardness and regression among nations. It has taken many types, mainly alphabetical, scientific and computer illiteracy. Hence, the increasing nature of illiteracy has attracted the attention of governments and societies alike. This may touch the reality of societies starting with their youth unless those, who are in charge, will find workable solutions for the existing problems. The results of the study revealed that there is a real disaster awaiting the next generation after years of stray, and ignorance of the people in charge who are too engaged in getting their privileges to care about this problem, and they are leaving the young people to face their dark and unknown fate. Therefore, we have to participate together to get rid of this issue, or rather the disaster that is going to strike our grieving people. Islam urged on learning and reading which was obvious in the very first verses that were revealed upon our prophet Mohammad (Peace be upon Him). To eliminate illiteracy, we have to take many steps and give more efforts to upgrading the reality of the youth in Iraq nowadays.
Prevalence of Social Phobia among Students at Kufa Technical Institute
Authors: Al-Mussayi Hadi Y. , Al-Dujaily Arafat
Published: April 2023

Background: Social phobia is a highly prevalent disorder in western countries, but is rather rare in eastern societies.Prevalence rates range between 0.5% in eastern studies and up to 16% in western studies.
Objectives: The present study examined the prevalence of social phobia in Kufa Technical Institute students anddemographic characteristics associated with this anxiety disorder.
Methodology: The study was conducted in November 1st, 2011 to May 1st, 2012, and included 200 undergraduate students at Kufa Technical Institute. Measures included the Social Phobia Inventory and a socio-demographic questionnaire. Demographic correlates of social phobia were also examined. Statistical analysis was performed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).
Results: Probable social phobia was present in 18.5% of the total sample (6.5% male and 12% female). Sex, residence, family income and marital status correlated with social phobia.
Conclusions: The study concluded that there are high prevalence of SP symptoms and its demographic correlates.
Recommendation: doing large population-based study and education of the society about Social Phobia for detection of undiagnosed cases.
Relationship Between Toxoplasmosis And Antiphospholipid Antibodies Igg, Igm In Aborted And Non Aborted Women
Authors: Al-Maliki Alaa hashim Abd-Ali
Published: April 2023

Objectives: The study was designed to an estimate the prevalence of antiphospholipid IgG and IgM antibodies with toxoplasmosis patients among aborted and non-aborted women.
Methodology: A total number of 70 Iraqi patients aborted and non-aborted women were included in the present study. In addition, a total of 30 apparently healthy women and negative for antiphospholipid IgG and IgM antibodies were selected as a control group. The study was carried out during the period of October 2012 till January 2013. Blood samples and laboratory investigation was in Teaching Laboratory of the Medical city of Baghdad, using to detect antibodies type IgG and IgM for antiphospholipid and Toxoplasma gondii by utilize ELISA technique according to standard procedures describe by manufacturer.
Results: The results showed that the age stratum (21-30) years was found to be highly frequent in both studiedgroups was significant (P<0.05). In addition, positive toxoplasmosis IgG antibodies testing in aborted women was higher than that observed in non - aborted women group, significant (P < 0.05). Present study illustrated that the total abortion cases was with positive in APL-IgM-Ab 12/58 (20.7%), whereas 46/58 (79.3%) was negative the statistical analysis were high significant. The results of our study demonstrate significant positive correlation between abortion toxoplasmosis IgG and IgM .
Conclusion: The present study demonstrates a strong association between infectious agent Toxoplasma gondii andabortion in women with anti-phospholipids antibodies. Positive toxoplasmosis IgM and IgG antibodies testing inabortion more than non-abortion. The frequency of anti-phospholipids antibodies IgM and IgG positive in abortionmore than non- abortion.
Recommendation: cannot be according to the antiphospholipid antibodies IgG and IgM in abortion cases. So thatfurther studies are needed to study the relationship between rubella virus and cytomegalovirus with anti-phospholipid antibodies.
Study of the effect of hypothyroidism on the serum cholesterol and albumin level in women in Najaf.
Authors: Al-jafery Sheymaa shamran
Published: April 2023

Objectives: to study the impact of decreased thyroid secretion on level of serum cholesterol and albumin in serum women.
Methodology: a study in applied AL-Sader educational hospital for the period of April 2013 to August 2013 including the study the measuring of concentration of cholesterol and albumin in serum blood of (65) women patient of hypothyroidism. the researcher of used statistical analysis of data.
Results: the search results showed significant increased in the rate of cholesterol compared to control group(p<0.05) and non-significant in the rate of albumin compared to control group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: thyroid hormones regulated serum cholesterol and albumin. The decreased serum thyroxin is attributable to the presence of an abnormal human serum cholesterol.
Recommendation: the study recommends to decreased the high rate of cholesterol with patient of hypothyroidism by taking thyroxin to erect the thyroid gland to normal action.
Processing of Sargassum binderi Seaweed for Supplementation in Poultry Diet
Authors: Dewi Yelsi Listiana , Yuniza Ahadiyah , Sayuti Kesuma , Mahata Maria Endo
Published: April 2023

Sargassum binderi has been potentially used as laying hen feed since it contains bioactive compounds useful for poultry health. In addition, the high alginate content of S. binderi has made it inappropriate for the poultry diet. Therefore, the alginate content should be reduced before its use in poultry feed. This study aimed to reduce the alginate of S. binderi for use as laying hen feed. The experiment was performed in two phases in a completely randomized design. The first phase included heated S. binderi in the autoclave and the second phase entailed the immersion of S. binderi in whiting filtrate. The treatments in the physical method contained a control group, and four treatment groups heating for 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes. The treatments in the chemical method had a control group and four treatment groups with immersion periods of 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours. Each treatment was repeated five times, and the investigated parameters were crude protein, total dry matter, organic matter, ash, and alginate, respectively. The heating durations of S. binderi in an autoclave and different immersion periods of S. binderi in whiting filtrate did not significantly affect total dry matter, organic matter, ash, alginate, and crude protein. The results of this study showed that physical treatment (heat treatment) and chemical treatments (whiting filtrate immersion) did not have a significant effect on the alginate content, crude protein, ash, dry matter, and organic matter.
Keywords: Alginate, Heating, Laying hen, Sargassum binderi, Whiting filtrate
Effects of Sex and Rearing Season on Body Weight Gain and Growth Curve Parameters of Local Chickens in Niger
Authors: Taffa Adamou Guisso , Hamani Bachir , Moula Nassim , Issa Salissou , Mahamadou Chaibou , Detilleux Johann
Published: April 2023

Local chicken breeding is widespread in Niger, a country with harsh environmental conditions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of sex, temperature, and hygrometry variations on the body weight gain and growth curve of local Nigerien chickens. Two groups of local chickens were followed from hatching to 20 weeks of age. The first and second groups consisted of 96 and 124 chickens, respectively. Three seasons were identified based on continuously recording ambient temperature and humidity over a year. The dry and warm seasons (February, March, April, and May), the wet and warm seasons (June, July, August, and September), and the dry and cold seasons (October, November, December, and January). The average hatch weight was about 24 g, and monthly body weight gains ranged from 100 to 360 g. Asymptotic weights were 2214.02 ± 69.94 g and 1776.93 ± 63.57 g for roosters and 1380.25 ± 25.96 g and 1433.08 ± 71.24 g for hens. The sexual maturity rates indicate that hens are more precocious than roosters. Sex and season had significant impacts on the growth performance of the chickens. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that the optimal time to raise local chickens in rural Niger is from June to January, and males are better candidates for meat production.
Keywords: Growth curve, Hygrometry, Local chicken, Temperature, Weight gain
Effects of Storage Time on Ostrich Egg Quality
Authors: Moreki John Cassius , Mosarwa Denise Florence , Makore Joshua , Mosweu Nicholas
Published: April 2023

Egg quality is considered as both internal egg quality that focuses on the egg content and external egg quality that focuses on the eggshell. This study investigated the effect of storage time on ostrich egg quality. A total of 15 ostrich eggs were obtained from Dibete Ostrich Multiplication Unit and subjected to five storage periods (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days) at room temperature (18-25oC). The measured parameters were egg weight, egg length, egg width, yolk weight, albumen weight, albumen height, yolk height, shell weight, egg specific gravity (ESG), egg surface area, Haugh Unit (HU), egg shape index, albumen ratio, shell ratio, yolk ratio and weight of egg contents. Results showed that storage time did not influence egg weight for eggs stored for 0, 3, and 6 days. On the other hand, storage time significantly affected egg weight for eggs stored at 9 and 12 days. The albumin ratio for egg storage duration had no significant impact on eggs held for 0, 3, or 6 days. However, the albumen ratios of eggs held for 9 and 12 days were impacted by the storage period compared to those stored for 0, 3, and 6 days. The HU for the eggs stored for 0, 3, and 6 days was not affected by storage time. On the contrary, the HU for eggs stored for 9 and 12 days was significantly impacted by storage time as the HU decreased with the prolonged storage time, compared to those stored for 0, 3, and 6 days. The results of this study suggest that ostrich eggs should not be stored for more than 6 days at ambient temperature to avoid egg quality degradation.
Keywords: Cuticle, Egg quality, Ostrich eggs, Storage time
Isolation and Characterization of Fowl Adenoviruses Associated with Hydro-pericardium Syndrome from Broiler Chickens in Egypt
Authors: Hussein Eid , Anwar Nessreen Fouad , Elsebaey Hossam Shabaan , Abdelmagid Marwa Ali , Abo Elkhair Mohammed , Mahana Osama
Published: April 2023

One of the most prominent viral diseases affecting the poultry industry is hydropericardium syndrome caused by fowl adenoviruses. Hydropericardium syndrome has recently led to significant economic losses in the Egyptian poultry sector. Many outbreaks of hydropericardium syndrome have been documented across the country in the last few years. This research examined the epidemiology and molecular characterization of fowl adenoviruses in broiler chickens in Egypt. Samples were taken from 26 outbreaks of commercial broiler chicken farms in the Beheira and Menofia governorates, Egypt, from January 2021 to March 2022. Adenoviruses genomes were detected in cloacal swabs of 10 flocks using polymerase chain reaction. Clinically, infected broiler chickens (Cobb, Ross, Indian River, Modified-Avian, and Arbor Acres) showed depression, ruffled feathers, retarded growth, and ascites, with mortality rates of 10-28%. The most common postmortem lesions were hydropericardium, yellowish enlarged liver with ecchymotic hemorrhages, pancreatitis, and enteritis. Histopathologically, intranuclear inclusion bodies, commonly basophilic type, were scattered in the hepatocyte, proventriculus, duodenum, kidney, pancreas, and spleen. In addition, depletion of lymphocytes in the bursa of Fabricius and the thymus was observed. Seven samples were selected for gene sequencing of the loop 1 region of the hexon gene. The sequence analysis revealed that all samples were identical and similar to fowl adenoviruses species D serotype 2/11, suggesting that this serotype was the predominant fowl adenoviruses circulating in the study location in the last two years. Further studies are required to address the pathogenicity of isolated fowl adenoviruses and evaluate the vaccine used to control fowl adenoviruses in Egypt.
Keywords: Fowl adenoviruses, Hexon, Hydropericardium syndrome, Phylogenetic analysis, Polymerase chain reaction
Desafios no manejo da fibrose cística
Authors: Malaquias Soraya Beatriz Paula , Cardoso Alessandra Marques
Published: April 2023

A fibrose cística (FC) é uma doença genética potencialmente letal que afeta diversos órgãos, sendo o comprometimento da função pulmonar a principal causa de morbidade e mortalidade, caracterizando-se pelo acúmulo de muco nas vias aéreas, deixando os pacientes susceptíveis a contrair infecções graves. O presente estudo objetivou realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre os desafios no manejo da fibrose cística. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa, seguindo os critérios do Preferred Reporting Items for Systemtic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Foram incluídos artigos disponíveis gratuitamente para leitura na íntegra, indexados na base de dados LILACS (Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências e Saúde), por meio dos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS) no idioma português, de 2005 a 2022. A suspeita da FC se inicia com o teste do pezinho, tendo o objetivo de identificar distúrbios metabólicos logo ao nascimento. Conforme a doença progride, microrganismos multirresistentes vão surgindo, como por exemplo, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia e Staphylococcus aureus, entre outros. Dessa forma, tratamento com antibióticos, fisioterapia respiratória, terapia com células-tronco e psicoterapia são opções de melhoramento das condições de vida desses pacientes. Em conclusão, a FC desencadeia desequilíbrio na concentração e absorção dos íons de cloro, afetando negativamente vários órgãos. O indivíduo acometido está susceptível a contrair várias infecções ao longo da doença, sendo submetido a vários tratamentos contínuos com antibióticos e fisioterapia respiratória.
RELEVANSI SISTEM PENDIDIKAN PESANTREN TRADISIONAL DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS PENDIDIKAN FORMAL
Authors: Ahmad Suwardi  , M Mansyur
Published: April 2023

Fokus penelitian ini adalah Bagaimana relevansi sistem pendidikan pesantren tradisional dalam meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan formal di Pondok Pesantren Miftahul Ulum Panyeppen Palengaan Pamekasan. Apa faktor pendukung dan penghambat relevansi sistem pendidikan pesantren tradisional dalam meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan formal di Pondok Pesantren Miftahul Ulum Panyeppen Palengaan Pamekasan. pendekatan penelitian yang peneliti gunakan adalah pendekatan penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. hasil dari penelitian ini sebagai berikut: Pertama, Bentukrelevansi sistem pendidikan pesantren tradisional dalam meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan formal di Pondok Pesantren Miftahul Ulum Panyeppen Palengaan Pamekasan yaitu adanya pembinaan skill santri sebagai upaya aplikasi materi yang didapatkan pada pendidikan umum, seperti pembinaan jurnalistik, jamiyatul muballighin, kaligrafi dan lain sebagainya. Kedua, Peransistem pendidikan pesantren tradisional dalam meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan formal di Pondok Pesantren Miftahul Ulum Panyeppen Palengaan Pamekasan mensinergikan system pendidikan keagamaan di pesantren yang sinergi dengan system pendidikan formal yang ada di ruang lingkup pesantren
ANALISIS STRUKTUR DALAM KUMPULAN PUISI D. ZAWAWI IMPRON YANG BERJUDUL MADURA AKULAH DARAHMU
Authors: Kumaidi
Published: April 2023

Karya sastra lahir dan bersumber dari pengalaman sastrawan sendiri, baik dalam bentuk pengalaman lahiriyah maupun pengalaman batiniah. Sastra sebagai salah satu dunia ekspresi juga tidak terlepas dari proses pemikiran, artikel ini akan membahas artinya pola berpikir penulis atau pengarang yang menentukan pola dan corak karyanya. Dari sinilah bermula beragamnya karya sastra (puisi) dengan ciri khas tertentu, yang membedakan antara karya pengarang yang satu dengan pengarang yang lainnya.
Peneltian ini mengunkan pendekatn strukturalisme yang akan mengupas tentang isi struktur dalam karya. Pada penelitian ini objek yang akan di kaji adala kumpulan puisi yang berjudul Madura Akulah Darahmu karya D. Zawaw Impron
TERRITORIAL BEHAVIOUR AND AGGRESSION OF ATHLETES IN RELATION TO THEIR RESILIENCE LEVEL
Authors: Csukonyi Csilla , Ágoston Márton
Published: April 2023

We examined athletes’ territorial behavior and aggression and their relationship with resilience. The sample consists of 116, mainly amateur athletes. Our results show a significant positive relationship between territorial need and aggression but only in 'non-material territorial need' from the territorial subscales. Furthermore, we found no significant difference in the relationship between territorial need and aggression comparing individual and team athletes. Resilience was a non-significant mediator between territorial need and aggression. The results may provide helpful information for practitioner specialists and researchers in the applied field, as they both support previous research and attempt to address a new research topic.
Deviation from roundness of cylindrical parts under pendulum surface plastic deformation
Authors: Zaydes S.A. , Ho Minh Quan  , Le Hong Quang
Published: April 2023

The dependence of the deviation from roundness (Δcr) of cylindrical parts on the main technological parameters of the pendulum RPM has been experimentally determined. It has been established that the pendulum SPD helps to reduce the deviation from roundness, and, consequently, to increase the accuracy of the diametrical dimensions of parts by 3—4 grades, while the minimum value of 6.2...6.4 μm is achieved under conditions of low deformation rate. In addition, using the statistica 10.1 software package, the measurement results were processed to determine the optimal modes that provide the smallest value.
Quality control of machining to obtain functional surface during turning
Authors: Sablin P.A. , Shchetinin V.S. , Mokritsky B.Ya.
Published: April 2023

The paper proposes a method of active control of surface roughness using a research stand to study the processes occurring in the cutting zone during turning. The parameters of the cutting process affecting the roughness of the resulting surface, as well as the physical and mechanical properties of the material, such as surface hardness, are considered. The article also discusses the usefulness of active control for single and small-scale production. In addition, such a control method can also be useful when processing parts whose functional surfaces need a little hardening or softening.
Growth and Yield of Spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.) Using Various Compositions of Planting Media
Authors: Rizar Fitra Fadhilah , Fitriana Maria , Achadi Teguh
Published: April 2023

Spinach was a vegetable that was rich in nutrients and has many health benefits. The high level of public consumption of spinach plants in line with population growth, it was necessary to increase production by using organic fertilizers. This research aimed to determine the effects of the composition of the growing media among soil, chicken manure, and oil palm empty fruit bunches fertilizer on the growth and yield of spinach. The research used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments repeated three times and each treatment unit consisted of 5 plants so that the total number of all plants was 90 plants. The results of the analysis of diversity showed that the treatment of chicken manure and oil palm empty fruit bunches fertilizer had a very significant effect on the plant height, leaf area, plant fresh weight, crown fresh weight, root fresh weight and plant dry weight. The provision of chicken manure and oil palm empty fruit bunches fertilizer had a significant effect on the number of leaves, but had no significant effect on the level of greenness of the leaves and the root shoot ratio.  The results of the study showed that the soil treatment: chicken manure: oil palm empty fruit bunches fertilizer (1:2:2) provided the best results on the variables of plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, plant fresh weight, crown fresh weight, root fresh weight, and plant dry weight. The soil composition : chicken manure : oil palm empty fruit bunches fertilizer (1:2:2) was the best combination of planting media for the spinach growth and yield. Spinach cultivation using the composition of soil planting media, chicken manure, oil palm empty fruit bunches (1:2:2) could increase crop yields.
Description of Changes on C-organic, N also The Growth of Pepper Shrub due to The Application of Vermicompost in a Floating System
Authors: Salsabila Nadhira Ghea , Bernas Siti Masreah
Published: April 2023

The development of pepper shrub requires an additional fertilizer, hence the pepper plants were classified as nutrient voracious. This study aimed to describe changes in vermicompost on soil N, C-organic and pepper shrubs growth in a floating system. This study utilize a Randomized Block Design Factorial, with 5 levels of treatment, V0 (0 g/plant), V1 (250 g/plant), V2 (500 g/plant), V3 (750 g/plant), and V4 (1000 g/plant). The results indicate that the Vermicompost treatment has no significant effect to increase soil C-organic and soil N nutrient. With the vermicompost treatment, the highest result for soil C-organic and soil N nutrient was produced by 1000 g vermicompost/plant. The best enhancement in plant N nutrient was produced by 500 g vermicompost/plant. The average value of the best number of leaves produced by 1000 g vermicompost/plant. Some leaves indicate some symptoms of disease caused by the fungus Phytophthora capsici which then at 12 WAP there were three unsuccessful plants. As a conclusion, the application of vermicompost was able to provide nutrients for pepper shrubs, especially for increasing C-organic, N nutrient of soil and plants as well as the plant growth.
Accumulation Levels of Available Cu and Cu Absorption in Corn in Ultisolss and Alfisolss After the Addition of Fly Ash and Organic Materials
Authors: Purwanto Benito Heru , Hanudin Eko , Destri Erin
Published: April 2023

Fly ash was a byproduct of burning coal in thermal power plants that can be used in agriculture as a source of micronutrients. This study aimed to determine the effect of fly ash combined with Biochar and Manure on the chemical properties of the soil, plant growth, and the absorption of Cu corn plants. The study design used a randomized design of factorial groups, with soil type factors namely Alfisols and Ultisols with three repeats. Agronomic observations include plant height, dry weight of roots and headers. Laboratory analysis includes preliminary soil, Fly Ash, Manure, Biochar, soil analysis after harvest, and Cu in leaf. The results showed that the availability of Cu elements in Ultisols was higher by 5.37 mg/kg than Alfisols with an average of 3.90 mg/kg.  Cu absorption in maize crops grown in Alfisols soil was greater with an average of 54.7 mg/g when compared to those planted in Ultisols soil by an average of 50.3 mg/g. The treatment between Fly Ash and Manure in a ratio of 1:1 has a tendency to increase Cu absorption with a value of 68 mg/g. Alfisols soil was significantly correlated with organic matter to Cu absorption in Corn plants with a value of R= 0.827. The conclusion of this study was that the availability of Cu elements in Ultisols soil was higher than in Alfisols soil and Cu uptake in corn plants was lower after being treated with the addition of manure and Biochar and corn plant growth was better.
Monitoring of Butterfly Abundance in the Urban Forests of Cibubur Arboretum and University of Indonesia
Authors: Ruslan Hasni , Tobing Imran SL , Andayaningsih Dwi
Published: April 2023

Research related to biodiversity that was carried out regularly could be part of monitoring activities to see changes in butterfly populations in an area. Butterflies have a role as environmental bioindicators that were commonly found in various places. Urban forests such as the Cibubur Arboretum and the University of Indonesia were mini conservation sites that were habitats for butterflies. The purpose of this study was to monitor changes in butterfly abundance in the urban forest of Cibubur Arboretum and UI. This research was conducted in 2014 and 2021. This observation was carried out by purposive sampling method. Each urban forest was divided into 3 different stations consisting of 2 plots (20 x 20 m), and repeated 3 times on each plot with an interval of 1 week using a sweeping net and camera. Observations were carried out for 1 hour on each plots. The total observations of butterflies in both urban forests were 18 times. Individual butterflies found in 2014 in the Urban Forest Arboretum Cibubur (339) individuals, and the year 2021 (232) individuals. in the UI City Forest in 2014 898 individuals were found and 269 individuals in 2021. Nymphalidae family was the family with the highest number of individuals found in 2014 and 2021. The individual species found in 2014, included in the category of sporadic, subrecedent, recedent, subdominant and dominant. Meanwhile, the butterfly species found at the study site were categorized into Sub-recedent, Recedent, and Sub-dominant groups in 2021. Differences in vegetation, changes in use, and anthropogenic disturbances could affect changes in butterfly observations.
Characteristics of specialty and physiologically-enhanced refined sugars produced in Mauritius favourable for good health
Authors: Autrey Louis Jean Claude , Saumtally Abdess Salem , Dookun-Saumtally Asha , Umrit Gunshiam
Published: April 2023

Glycaemic Index (GI) measurements of Mauritian specialty sugars were studied in collaboration with GI testing laboratories in South Africa and in the United Kingdom. While most of the specialty sugars fell in the “Intermediate GI” category of food, one product clearly showed a tendency towards “Low GI” and had a high antioxidant activity, giving it a good potential for commercialisation as a high value product. This specialty sugar also compared favourably with low GI sugar commercialised elsewhere. Promising technologies were developed for extracting and isolating active compounds from sugarcane with high antioxidant activity and used to enhance the physiological and nutritional value of refined sugar. The results provided direct evidence of the potential for producing a low GI, high antioxidant product by blending with active antioxidant compounds extracted.
The Rural Settlements in Czechoslovakia
Authors: Andrle Alois
Published: April 2023

The population and housing census 1970 enabled, inter alia, the first exact analysis of the pattern of the rural settlements in Czechoslovakia. (Until 1970, only data relating to communities were available; the communities are, however, solely administrative units involving sometimes even more territorially independent settlements.) According to the census, there were 20 880 settlements in Czechoslovakia in the year 1970 (thereof 283 towns and 20 597 rural settlements). The outstanding feature of the pattern of settlement in Czechoslovakia is a great number of smallest rural settlements; it applies especially to Czech Socialist Republic (CSR, i.e. the western part of Czechoslovakia). The portion of settlements up to 200 inhabitants amounts in CSR to 58,8 % of all rural settlements, whereas in the Slovak Socialist Republic (SSR) only to 39,2 %. The dense network of small rural settlements inherited of the historical development corresponds no more to the contemporary mode of production and brings about a mass commuting to work. In addition, it is impossible to equip such a lot of small localities with necessary up-to-date facilities and amenities. For this reason, the Czechoslovak central authorities have accepted the principles of a new pattern of settlement based on the central places theory; a network of local and provincial centres has been created into which the new capital investments (including necessitated facilities and amenities) are to be concentrated. In the localities up to 200 inhabitans live 12,6 % of the total populatian of the rural settlements (in the CSR 16,5 %, in the SSR 6,3 %). The age structure of Czechoslovak rural settlements is very disadvantageous; the proportion of old people (age group 60 or more years old) amounts to 18,3 % of total population of the rural settlements (in the CSR 20,1 %, in the SSR 15,3 %); this share of old people is the higher the smaller are the settlements. The value of the age index (number of the inhabitants in the age group up to 15 years per 100 inhabitants of the age group 60 or more years old) amounts to 130 (in the CSR average 108, in the localities with less than 400 inhabitants in the CSR it makes less than 100; in the rural settlements of the SSR the index of age is 179). A detailed analysis or the rural settlements in Czechoslovakia (including the socio-economic characteristics and the analysis of the dwelling stock and of the level of housing) has been carried out in the comprehensive study "Analysis and Prognosis of the Housing Situation in the Territories of Czechoslovakia" (Terplan Czechoslovak Institute for Regional Planning, Praha, 1976).
Experience of Using the INTRABEAM System to Determine the Safely Tolerated Dose During Intraoperative Irradiation of Malignant Gliomas
Authors: Gorozhanin A. V. , Soshin Yu. V. , Dreval O. N. , Belyaikin E. V.
Published: April 2023

Glioblastoma is the  most malignant primary brain  tumor. For treatment uses a combined regimen that is currently available:  surgery,  radiation and chemotherapy. However,  so far the median survival  of patients does not exceed 14 months. In this connection, there  is a constant search for effective methods. Improvement in radiation therapy has led to the possibility of its intraoperative, which  is a practical and effective  method aimed at getting rid of the remaining tumor cells, reducing the spread of the tumor and filling the therapeutic gap between surgery  and subsequent chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) allows  you to  deliver  the  required tumoricidal dose  exactly  to  the  target, minimally affecting the surrounding healthy tissues.

Goal: Establishment of the  safety of intraoperative irradiation of patients with  malignant gliomas  with the INTRABEAM  device (Carl ZEISS, Germany) with a dose of up to 40 Gy on the applicator.

Material and methods: The study  involved  15 patients, the average  age of which  was 51 years, the ratio of  men  and  women  was  4:6, the  average  Karnofsky index  before  surgery  was  97. After  surgical removal of the  tumor, an  express  biopsy  was performed. Next,  intraoperative irradiation was performed with  the INTRABEAM  device (Carl ZEISS) at a dose of 40 Gy, followed by an assessment of the Karnofsky index, early postoperative and delayed possible complications.

Results:  In all patients operated on with  intraoperative irradiation and subsequent adjuvant radiochemotherapy, the  method was  well  tolerated, there  were  no  wound  healing features or  identified complications, there  were no cases of wound  liquorrhea, wound  inflammation.

Conclusion: Intraoperative irradiation after surgical removal of the tumor can be recommended as a safe method for the treatment of malignant gliomas  in addition to existing combination therapy.
Characteristics of Blood Levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGFA) and Its Receptors in Men with Malignant Brain Gliomas with Different Responses to Combination Therapy
Authors: Kaplieva I. V. , Sheiko E. A. , Vlasov S. G. , Sakun P. G. , Frantsiyants E. M. , Engibaryan M. A. , Pogorelova Y. A. , Trepitaki L. K.
Published: April 2023

Relevance: Glial tumors (GTs) amount for about 60 % of all primary CNS tumors. GTs highly express VEGF. Standard approaches to GT treatment do not  involve modification of the  radiation therapy plan.  Adaptive stereotactic radiotherapy (ASRT) allows such correction. The combination of ASRT with bevacizumab (B) or dexamethasone (D) improves the outcomes of patients with GTs, but the effectiveness of therapy varies from patient to patient. B and D are known  to have different effects on malignant glioma cells and components of the VEGF system.

Purpose: To reveal specific  levels of the VEGF system components in the blood of men with cerebral GTs with different effectiveness of combination ASRT.

Material and methods. One  month after  radical  surgery,  men  with  GTs  received  ASRT with  standard fractionation on the Novalis Tx linear  accelerator (Varian): single  fraction dose = 2 Gy, total  dose = 60 Gy, 30 fractions, using a three-layer stereotaxic mask. ASRT was combined with B (i/v, 5 mg/kg, once every 2 weeks), n = 30, and  with  D (i/m, 4 mg, twice  a day during 45 days), n = 30. Blood levels of VEGFA,  sVEGFR1  and sVEGFR2 were measured by IFA before and after ASRT.

Results: Before  treatment (ASRT+D), levels of VEGFA  were  1.5 times  (р < 0.01) higher, and  sVEGFR1 was 3.1 times  lower  in patients with  future progression, compared with  patients with  other  responses to treatment; in partial response, sVEGFR was 1.8 times  (р < 0.01) higher than  in stabilization. After treatment (ASRT+D), sVEGFR1 levels reduced by 1.4 times (р < 0.001) in stabilization and by 2.2 times in partial response, together with  VEGFA  increase by 3.0 times  in  stabilization only; in  progression, sVEGFR1  increased  by 2.3 times.  Before  treatment (ASRT+B), levels  of VEGFA  in  patients with  partial and  complete responses were on average  1.4 times  (р < 0.01) lower than  in stabilization; sVEGFR1 in partial response was 4.4 times lower than  in stabilization and 2.2 times  lower than  in complete response; sVEGFR2 in complete response was 1.3 times  (р < 0.02) lower than  in partial response. After treatment (ASRT+B), VEGFA levels elevated:  in complete and partial responses on average by 14.8 times,  in stabilization by 9.7 times.

Conclusions: In men with cerebral GTs, blood levels of the VEGF system  components before  treatment differed in  patients with  different future responses to  combination ASRT  with  B or  D,  which   allows prediction of the effectiveness of such therapy even before it is started. This connection is especially obvious for combination ASRT with B.
PSMA‑Targeted Radioligand Therapy with the Radiopharmaceutical 177Lu‑PSMA‑617 in a Patient with Metastatic Castration‑Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Geliashvili T. M. , Krylov A. S. , Bliganov P. I. , Dolgushin B. I. , Pronin A. I. , Tyulyandina A. S. , Parnas A. V. , Ryzhkov A. D. , Pavlova A. V.
Published: April 2023

The expression of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) on the surface  of prostate cancer  cells is increased with  tumor progression, which  is the  basis  for a theranostic approach in the  treatment of these patients. The PSMA ligand, labeled with the therapeutic radionuclide lutetium-177 (177Lu), delivers 177Lu beta particle radiation to PSMA-expressing prostate cancer  cells. Currently, PSMA-targeted radioligand therapy with  the  radiopharmaceutical  177Lu-PSMA-617 is  approved for  the  therapy of  patients with  metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer  (mCRPC). We present a clinical  case  of successful use of this  method of treatment in our  center in a patient with  mCRPC,  progressing after  two  lines  of therapy — hormone therapy with  new generation of androgen signal  inhibitors (abiraterone, enzalutamide) and  chemotherapy with docetaxel.
Economic burden of skin and skin structure infections due to Gram-positive bacteria in patients on hospital at home-based outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT)
Authors: Mirón-Rubio Manuel , Parra Jordán Juan José , González Ramallo Víctor José , Mujal Martínez Abel , Fernández Muixí Josefina , Iglesias Gallego Marina , Lucas Núñez María Cruz , Rodado Alabau Elisa , Vidal Perez-Campoamor Sandra , Uría Estefany
Published: April 2023

Objective. To describe and quantify resource use and direct health costs associated with skin and skin structure infections (SSSIs) caused by Gram-positive bacteria in adults receiving outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT), administered by Hospital at Home units (HaH) in Spain. Material and methods. Observational, multicenter, retrospective study. We included patients of both sexes included in the HaH-based OPAT Registry during 2011 to 2017 who were hospitalized due to SSSIs caused by Gram-positive bacteria. Resource use included home visits (nurses and physician), emergency room visits, conventional hospitalization stay, HaH stay and antibiotic treatment. Costs were quantified by multiplying the natural units of the resources by the corresponding unit cost. All costs were updated to 2019 euros. Results. We included 194 episodes in 189 patients from 24 Spanish hospitals. The most frequent main diagnoses were cellulitis (26.8%) and surgical wound infection (24.2%), and 94% of episodes resulted in clinical improvement or cure after treatment. The median HaH stay was 13 days (interquartile range [IR]:8-22.7), and the conventional hospitalization stay was 5 days (IR: 1-10.7). The mean total cost attributable to the complete infectious process was €7,326 (95% confidence interval: €6,316-€8,416). Conclusions. Our results suggest that OPAT administered by HaH is a safe and efficient alternative for the management of these infections and could lead to lower costs compared with hospital admission.
Central Diabetes Insipidus in Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: A Case Report
Authors: Lestari Dya Mulya , Eka Agustia Rini
Published: April 2023

Background: Diabetes insipidus (DI) is part of a group of hereditary or acquired polyuria and polydipsia diseases. Diabetes insipidus can be caused by central and nephrogenic disorders. This study aimed to describe the etiologies, clinical symptoms, and management of central diabetes insipidus in Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

Case presentation: A 4 years 4 months old boy came with excessive and frequent micturition since 9 months ago. The patient drinks 4-5 L per day and still feels thirsty. The patient had a history of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). During laboratory work-up, urine osmolarity decreased, and serum osmolarity and electrolyte were normal. The patient was diagnosed with central diabetes insipidus with Langerhans cell histiocytosis. The treatment given to the patient is desmopressin.

Conclusion: Langerhans cell histiocytosis may affect any organs of the body. The long-term management of diabetes insipidus in Langerhans cell histiocytosis requires measurement to prevent dehydration and, at the same time to prevent water intoxication. The focus of management is based on the education of the patient about the importance of regulating their fluid intake according to the patient’s hydration status.
Evaluation of the Relationship Between Equol Production and the Risk of Locomotive Syndrome in Very Elderly Women
Authors: Koike T. , Yamamoto S. , Furui T. , Miyazaki C. , Ishikawa H. , Morishige K.-I.
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to evaluate whether equol production status has an impact on the risk of locomotive syndrome in very elderly (≥85 years old) women. In this retrospective observational study, 116 very elderly women were recruited from those who lived in nursing homes for the elderly from June 2018 to November 2019. Equol production status was determined by measuring spot urine levels of equol, and risks of locomotive syndrome were evaluated by vulnerable fracture history and loco-check, a simple questionnaire comprising seven questions that can describe locomotive syndrome. Equol production (≥1 μmol/L in a spot urine sample) was found in 46 women (39.6%). Loss of equol production contributes to some lococheck items, which correlate with weakness of lower limb muscle strength (P < 0.05). In this study population, 57 women (49.1%) had previous vulnerable fractures. However, equol production status was not significantly related to the vulnerable fracture in this study population (P = 0.159). Equol production might contribute to the induction of locomotive syndrome, at least in part. However, equol deficiency as a mechanism of locomotive syndrome induction might not be the primary cause of a previous vulnerable fracture in very elderly women who live in nursing homes.
ANALISIS PANEL VAR ; PENANAMAN MODAL ASING, NILAI EKSPOR KELAPA SAWIT, DAN PRODUK DOMESTIK BRUTO INDONESIA
Authors: Pratiwi Nimas Aryany
Published: April 2023

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek timbal balik antara penanaman modal asing, nilai ekspor kelapa sawit dan produk domestik bruto di Indonesia periode 2000:Q1 – 2019:Q4, meliputi penanaman modal asing di Indonesia, nilai ekspor kelapa sawit, serta pendapatan domestik bruto digunakan untuk penelitian. Serta, uji Kausalitas Granger digunakan untuk menguji hubungan kausalitas dari variabel-variabel yang ada. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di Indonesia, penanaman modal asing, nilai ekspor kelapa sawit dan produk domestik bruto mempunyai hubungan timbal balik dengan menggunakan lag sebagai Model Panel VAR terbaik pada penelitian iniKata Kunci :Produk Domestik Bruto, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Penanaman Modal Asing, Komoditas Kelapa SawitAbstract: This study aims to determine the mutual effects between foreign direct investment, the value of palm oil exports and gross domestic product in Indonesia. The data used is for period 2000: Q1 - 2019: Q4, including Foreign Direct Investment in Indonesia, the value of palm oil exports, and Gross Domestic Product are used for research. Also, the Granger Causality Test is used to test the causality of existing variables. The results showed that in Indonesia, Foreign Direct Investment, the value of palm oil exports and gross domestic product have a reciprocal relationship using lag as the best VAR Panel Model in this studyKeywords : Gross Domestic Product, Economic Growth, Foreign Direct Investment, Crude Palm Oil
Numerical Estimation Method for the Generalized Weibull Distribution Parameters
Authors: Maswadah M.
Published: April 2023

In this study, a new estimation method using the Runge-Kutta iteration technique is presented to improve point estimation methods. The improved method has been applied to the generalized Weibull distribution, which is a member of a family of distributions (T-X family). The estimates of the generalized Weibull model parameters were derived using the Runge-Kutta and Bayesian estimation methods based on the generalized progressive hybrid censoring scheme, via a Monte Carlo simulation. The simulation results indicated that the Runge-Kutta estimation method is highly efficient and outperforms the Bayesian estimation method based on the informative and kernel priors. Finally, two real data sets were studied to ensure the Runge-Kutta estimation method can be used more effectively than the most popular estimation methods in fitting and analyzing real lifetime data.
Влияние новых диагностических критериев ВОЗ на значимость биомаркеров глиом, включая уровни активации молекулярных путей и экспрессию генов
Authors: Захарова Г. С. , Раевский М. М. , Сорокин М. И. , Буздин А. А.
Published: April 2023

Цель. Проверить, как изменения в классификации глиом повлияли на диагностическую и прогностическую значимость различных опубликованных ранее молекулярных биомаркеров.
Влияние генетического полиморфизма CYP2D6 на стационарные концентрации венлафаксина и О-десметилвенлафаксина у пациентов с депрессивными расстройствами
Authors: Кузьмин И. И. , Платова А. И. , Поздняков С. А. , Застрожин М. С. , Мирошниченко И. И.
Published: April 2023

Цель. Определение наблюдений, выходящих за пределы референсного диапазона; оценка частот разных типов метаболизма по CYP2D6 и их связь; изучение влияния генотипа cyp2d6 на стационарную нормированную на дозу концентрацию (C/D) ВЛФ, ОДВ, их суммарную антидепрессивную фракцию (АМ), а также на отношение метаболита к исходному веществу (MPR); определение перспектив фенотипического определения активности цитохрома 2D6 по данным ТЛМ венлафаксина и О-десметилвенлафаксина.
Исследование частоты аллельных вариантов гена CYP2C9 в популяции г. Москвы у пациентов с АГ I-II степени, получающих фармакотерапию ирбесартаном
Authors: Реброва Е. В.
Published: April 2023

Цель. Оптимизация фармакотерапии блокаторами рецепторов ангиотензина II пациентов с АГ путём персонализации режима дозирования на основании генотипирования по полиморфным маркёрам CYP2C9.