bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cabergoline for Lactation Inhibition After Second-Trimester Abortion or Pregnancy Loss
Authors: Henkel Andrea , Johnson Sarah A. , Reeves Matthew F. , Cahill Erica P. , Blumenthal Paul D. , Shaw Kate A.
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVE:

To assess cabergoline's efficacy at decreasing breast symptoms after second-trimester abortion or pregnancy loss.

METHODS:

This was a double-blinded, block-randomized superiority trial comparing cabergoline 1 mg once to placebo for preventing bothersome breast engorgement after second-trimester uterine evacuation. We enrolled pregnant people at 18–28 weeks of gestation who were English- or Spanish-speaking and without contraindication to the study drug. Participants completed a validated, piloted, electronic survey at baseline and at multiple timepoints through 2 weeks postprocedure to assess breast symptoms, side effects, and bother. Our primary outcome was any breast symptoms (a composite of engorgement, milk leakage, tenderness, and need for pain relief) on day 4; we planned to enroll 80 patients to show a 30% difference in breast symptoms (80% power, α=0.049). A subgroup of participants returned for serum prolactin levels.

RESULTS:

After screening 150 patients from April 2021 to June 2022, we enrolled 73 participants. Baseline demographics were balanced between groups: median gestational age was 21 weeks (range 18–26 weeks), 56.2% of participants were nulliparous, 34.2% self-identified as Hispanic, and 37.0% had public insurance. At baseline, reported breast symptoms were similar between groups. Among 69 participants who returned surveys on day 4, significantly fewer participants receiving cabergoline reported any breast symptoms compared with placebo (27.8% vs 97.0%, P<.001) (primary outcome) and fewer reported significant bother (2.8% vs 33.3%, P=.001) (secondary outcome). These differences persisted through day 14. Reported incidence and severity of bother from side effects were similar between groups: most common were constipation, fatigue, and headache. Serum prolactin levels were similar at baseline. On day 4, mean serum prolactin level was 6.5 ng/mL (SD 2.2) for those who received cabergoline and 18.0 ng/mL (SD 5.9) for placebo (P=.049).

CONCLUSION:

Cabergoline is an effective and well-tolerated strategy to prevent breast symptoms after second-trimester abortion or pregnancy loss.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04701333.
Association of a Remote Blood Pressure Monitoring Program With Postpartum Adverse Outcomes
Authors: Hirshberg Adi , Zhu Yifan , Smith-McLallen Aaron , Srinivas Sindhu K.
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVE:

To use administrative claims data to evaluate the association of a remote blood pressure monitoring program with adverse postpartum clinical outcomes in patients with a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy.

METHODS:

This was a retrospective cohort study of Independence Blue Cross members with a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy diagnosis across three obstetric hospitals from 2017 to 2021. Patients who were enrolled in twice-daily text-based blood pressure monitoring for 10 days postpartum were compared with two propensity-score matched cohorts of patients who met the program criteria: an asynchronous cohort (cohort A), consisting of patients at any of the three participating hospitals before remote monitoring program implementation, and a contemporaneous cohort (cohort C), consisting of patients at other hospitals during the same time period as clinical use of the program. Patients with less than 16 months of continuous insurance enrollment before delivery were excluded. Claims for adverse clinical outcomes after delivery discharge were evaluated. Health care service utilization and total medical costs were evaluated.

RESULTS:

The 1,700 patients in remote blood pressure monitoring program were matched to 1,021 patients in cohort A and 1,276 in cohort C. Within the first 6 months after delivery, patients enrolled in remote monitoring were less likely to have the composite adverse outcome than those in cohort A (2.9% vs 4.7%; OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.40–0.98). There was no statistically significant difference relative to cohort C (3.2% vs 4.5%; OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.47–1.07). The remote monitoring group had more cardiology visits and fewer postnatal emergency department (ED) visits and readmissions compared with both comparison cohorts. Reductions in ED visits and readmissions drove overall lower total medical costs for the program cohort.

CONCLUSION:

Patients enrolled in a remote blood pressure monitoring program were less likely to experience an adverse outcome in the first 6 months after delivery. Reductions in ED visits and readmissions resulted in lower postpartum total medical costs compared with both control cohorts. Broad implementation of evidence-based remote monitoring programs may reduce postpartum adverse outcomes, thereby reducing morbidity and mortality in populations such as the one studied here.
Arcobacter roscoffensis sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from coastal seawater
Authors: Pascual Javier , Lepleux Cendrella , Methner Anika , Spröer Cathrin , Bunk Boyke , Overmann Jörg
Published: May 2023

A novel Gram-negative, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped, beige-pigmented bacterium, strain ARW1-2F2T, was isolated from a seawater sample collected from Roscoff, France. Strain ARW1-2F2T was catalase-negative and oxidase-positive, and grew under mesophilic, neutrophilic and halophilic conditions. The 16S rRNA sequences revealed that strain ARW1-2F2T was closely related to

Arcobacter lekithochrous

LFT 1.7T and

Arcobacter caeni

RW17-10T(95.8 and 95.5 % gene sequence similarity, respectively). The genome of strain ARW1-2F2T was sequenced and had a G+C content of 28.7%. Two different measures of genome similarity, average nucleotide identity based on blast and digital DNA–DNA hybridization, indicated that strain ARW1-2F2T represents a new

Arcobacter

species. The predominant fatty acids were C16 : 1 ω7c/C16 : 1 ω6c and C18 : 1 ω7c/C18 : 1 ω6c. The results of a polyphasic analysis supported the description of strain ARW1-2F2T as representing a novel species of the genus

Arcobacter

, for which the name Arcobacter roscoffensis sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain ARW1-2F2T (DSM 29169T=KCTC 52423T).
Effects of chlorine dioxide gas fumigation on the storage quality of astringent persimmon (Diospyros kaki T.) Cheongdobansi
Authors: Kim Jiyoon , Kim Jung Soo , Kim Minhyun , Kim Ji Hye , Kim Insun , Nam Inju , Kim Jong-Kuk , Moon Kwang-Deog
Published: May 2023

Because of their short harvest season, large quantities of persimmons must often be processed within a limited time. Therefore, new methods to extend their storage life are required. This study examined the effects of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) gas fumigation for various treatment periods on the storage quality of astringent persimmons Cheongdobansi under low-temperature conditions. The conditions consisted of continuous treatment with ClO2, treatment for 2 weeks with ClO2, and no treatment, all of which are stored at low temperatures. Control samples (storage 0 days) without any treatment were prepared and all experiments were conducted for 10 weeks at two-week intervals. The ClO2 gas treatment maintained the moisture content, color value, hardness, soluble tannin content, and sensory characteristics. However, ClO2 gas treatment did not affect the soluble solids, pH, and total sugar content. In particular, continuous treatment with ClO2 maintained the storage quality after 6-8 weeks of storage, particularly the hardness and weakness (sensory evaluation). The results suggest the potential of continuous treatment with ClO2 as a highly effective method for maintaining the freshness of Cheongdobansi.
Tree species identity drives soil Carbon and Nitrogen stocks in nutrient-poor sites
Authors: Foltran Estela C , Lamersdorf Norbert
Published: May 2023

The establishment of mixed forest stands can be seen as an option to enhance soil organic carbon stocks and to protect forest ecosystems from various impacts of climate change. Increasing temperatures and drought potentially affect the vitality of the native coniferous Norway spruce (Picea abies), often used in mixed forests. We investigated the effects of a replacement of Norway spruce by Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) admixed to European beech (Fagus sylvatica) on C and nitrogen (N) concentrations and stocks, as well as the vertical distribution and changes in forest floor and mineral soil (down to 30 cm depth). Each site included a quintet of neighboring forest stands of European beech, Douglas fir, and Norway spruce stands as well as mixtures of beech with either Douglas fir or spruce. The stands were located in two regions with different soil conditions (loamy vs sandy soils). Our results showed that the C stocks of the organic layer were significantly influenced by tree species, while the C stock of the mineral soil varied among soil types. Total soil organic C stocks demonstrated notable species-specific characteristics, primarily driven by the elevated C stocks in the organic layer. In sandy soils, conifers and mixed forests allocated 10% more C and N in the organic layer compared to loamy soils, whereas the C and N stocks under beech remained consistent, regardless of the site condition. The interaction between species and sites was significant only for Douglas fir and mixed Douglas fir/beech, indicating that the impact of species on C and N varied across sites and was notably pronounced in sandy soils. The higher potential for carbon and N storage in mixed-species forests compared to pure stands emphasizes the capacity of mixed forests to provide valuable ecosystem services, enhancing C sequestration in sandy soils.
Implementing health-promoting activities in diverse primary school contexts in the Netherlands: practical lessons learnt
Authors: Hahnraths Marla T.H. , Willeboordse Maartje , van Schayck Onno C.P.
Published: May 2023

Purpose

To gain insight into factors enhancing or obstructing implementation in various school-settings, which is vital for widespread dissemination and sustainable integration of school-based health-promoting interventions.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed methods multisite comparative case study to investigate (factors influencing) the implementation of health-promoting activities in twelve Dutch primary schools. Data were collected during three school years (2019–2022) through observations, questionnaires and interviews.

Findings

The project resulted in the implementation of small, incidental activities. Important reasons for the limited implementation were lack of commitment and bottom-up involvement. School directors and teachers were not involved early on in the project, which limited project support and commitment. On school level, directors largely carried project responsibility themselves, hindering project sustainability and integration. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) made that schools had difficulties forming long-term visions and plans. Other observed barriers included limited perceived necessity to change, high workload and high staff turnover. Important facilitators were the presence of a process coordinator and sharing experiences from other schools.

Originality/value

This research provided valuable insights into (factors influencing) the implementation of health-promoting initiatives in diverse, real-world school contexts. More extensive support is needed to create commitment, bottom-up involvement and a project vision. Furthermore, empowering in-school champions and/or school-wide project groups is desirable to decrease schools' dependence on long-term external support. The findings can be used by various stakeholders throughout development, adoption and implementation and can facilitate widespread dissemination and sustainable integration of school-based health-promoting interventions.
Numerical study on heat and drag reduction by transpiration in hypersonic flow
Authors: Zhao Yi Pu , Huang Haiming , Wu Qian , Wang Xinmeng
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The transpiration has been recognized as one of the most effective thermal protection methods for future hypersonic vehicles. To improve efficiency and safety, it is urgent to optimize the design of the transpiration system for heat and drag reduction. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of transpiration on heat and drag reduction.

Design/methodology/approach

A chemical nonequilibrium flow model with the transpiration is established by using Navier–Stokes equations, the shear-stress transport turbulence model, thermodynamic properties and the Gupta chemical kinetics model. The solver programmed for this model is verified by comparing with experimental results in the literature. Effects of air injection on the flow field, the aerodynamic resistance and the surface heat flux are calculated with the hypersonic flow past a blunt body. Furthermore, a modified blocking coefficient formula is proposed.

Findings

Numerical results show that the transpiration can reduce the aerodynamic resistance and the surface heat flux observably and increase the shock wave standoff distance slightly. It is also manifested that the modified formula is in better agreement with the wind tunnel test results than the original formula.

Originality/value

The modified formula can expand the application range of the engineering method for the blocking coefficient. This study will be beneficial to carry out the optimal design of the transpiration system.
Does religiosity affect entrepreneurial intention across countries?
Authors: Ali Jabir
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This study aims at analysing the influence of religiosity, entrepreneurial ecosystem (EES) and economic development (ED) on entrepreneurial behaviour across countries.

Design/methodology/approach

Data from 54 countries on religiosity, entrepreneurial behaviour, EES and ED have been used for undertaking this research. Correlation, curve estimate and partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) have been utilised for analysing the relationship between the variables.

Findings

Findings suggest a positive and significant correlation between religiosity, entrepreneurial intention (EI) and attitude towards entrepreneurship (ATE), and a negative and significant correlation between religiosity, EES, and ED. Similarly, the curve estimate indicates a positive and significant effect of religiosity on EI and attitude, and a negative and significant influence on EES and economic growth. Finally, the results of PLS-SEM show a significant and positive influence of religiosity on EI and ATE; no significant influence on the EES and an inverse influence on ED.

Practical implications

It is evident from the analysis that religiosity has positive and significant impacts on EI and ATE, while having mixed implications for creation of a formal EES and bringing about ED. This implies that an increase in the level of religiosity in a country is more likely to enhance EI due to the creation of strong informal social networks.

Originality/value

The unique findings of this study would be useful for promoting entrepreneurship, EES and ED based on insights into the level of religiosity of a country.
Location-induced client influence in valuation for loan security: the new terra incognita for emerging property sub-markets
Authors: Gbadegesin Job Taiwo , Oladokun Sunday Olarinre , Amidu Abdul-Rasheed , Agboola Alirat Olayinka
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Considering the changing dimensions of client influence in the emerging sub-market in Nigeria, different from previous general insinuations, this article examines the new strategies adopted by clients to influence estate surveyors and valuers (ESVs), factors that predispose ESVs to client influence and the effects of clients' influence on valuation outcomes and real estate markets in emerging sub-market, using Ibadan market as the study area.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is situated within a client influence assessment framework, modified to reflect contextual incidents. Contextualization was made possible with the involvement of both practitioners and academic researchers. Validated copies of the questionnaire were administered to the registered practicing ESVs in an intact group during their monthly state (provincial) meeting and through direct delivery at their firms. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Findings

Contrary to the previous studies, the authors found no significant relationship between ESV professional qualifications, the firm's staff strength and the frequency of clients' influence in valuation assignments. Hiding important information and clauses, begging, lobbying, and seeking undue favor and promises for future jobs or appointments are the influencing strategies clients employ to pressure valuer. The topmost factors are emerging sub-market and economic-induced factors, lack of due process, and adequate transparency on the parts of firms and Valuers. It was established that the new dimension of client influence leads to the mortgage valuation accuracy dilemma, discredit of professional confidence, default and financial distress, and generating mistrust in the property market.

Practical implications

The implication is the new dimension of client influence, different from the previous studies, thus calling for professional and policy attention. As real estate investment and transactions transcend globally, understanding the local sub-market condition is imperative.

Originality/value

The novelty of the paper is the exposition on the dimensions of client influence within the economy and the implication for the professional body regulatory policy.
Over-investment and ESG inequality
Authors: Kuzey Cemil , Uyar Ali , Karaman Abdullah S.
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This study aims to test whether over-investment is associated with environmental, social and governance (ESG) variation (i.e. inequality) across its dimensions, which, if so, would imply the prioritization of the interests of some stakeholders over those of others.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on a global sample of 29,428 observations across nine sectors and 41 countries between 2003 and 2019, the authors executed a country-industry-year fixed-effects regression analysis. In the robustness tests, this study also used the entropy balancing and propensity score matching approaches.

Findings

The authors found that while firm over-investment increases social pillar inequality, it reduces environmental pillar inequality. Further analysis revealed that the over-investment strategy decreases (increases) ESG inequality in low (high) environmental and social performers. This outcome could be of relevance to internal governance mechanisms and policymaking as ESG inequality might raise legitimacy concerns and hamper the long-term sustainability of firms.

Practical implications

The outcome of the study could be of relevance to internal governance mechanisms as well as policymaking. Considering financial constraints, firms should maintain a balanced strategy between firm investment and addressing stakeholder interests. Otherwise, over-investment might reduce environmental and social engagement in some dimensions, which could prompt criticisms and legitimacy concerns about firms and some stakeholders.

Originality/value

Past research has intensively focused on whether ESG – rather than ESG inequality – is associated with investment (in)efficiency. In addition, it has mostly formulated the causality running from ESG to firm investment, and hence, the literature lacks heterogeneity in this respect. Nevertheless, the authors believe that the potential effect of firm investment on ESG is of critical importance and has implications for determining whether over-investment causes variations across ESG engagement. Thus, the authors addressed this gap in the literature by investigating the relationship between over-investment and ESG inequality.
The choice of technology in economic development
Authors: Wen Lei , Zhou Haiwen
Published: May 2023

The impact of capital accumulation on job creation is an important and interesting issue in economic development. This model provides a general‐equilibrium framework for studying technology choice with unemployment in a developing economy based on micro‐foundations. Unemployment in the urban sector results from the existence of efficiency wages. Manufacturing firms engage in oligopolistic competition and choose technologies to maximise profits. A more advanced technology uses more capital and less labour. In the steady state, an increase in the amount of capital induces firms to choose more advanced technologies and the wage rate increases. While a higher capital stock always induces firms to choose more advanced technologies, urban unemployment rate may decrease and agricultural sector employment may increase.
Ineffectiveness of plastic mesh for protecting artificial freshwater turtle nests from red fox (Vulpes vulpes) predation
Authors: Terry Regan , Robert Kylie A. , Simms Angela , Stockfeld Graham , Van Dyke James U.
Published: May 2023

Invasive mammalian predators are efficient at driving native animal declines. The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) kills millions of endemic reptiles in Australia each year. In areas of south‐eastern Australia, the eastern long‐necked turtle (Chelodina longicollis) and Murray River turtle (Emydura macquarii) have declined by more than 50%. High rates of nest predation by foxes limit the recruitment of young turtles in these populations, but previous methods of fox control have been ineffective at protecting turtle nests. Here, we tested the effectiveness of plastic mesh for protecting artificial turtle nests from predation by foxes, in the mid‐Murray catchment, Victoria. We also tested whether protecting a large number of artificial nests in a given area encourages foxes to give up foraging following predictions from giving‐up density theory. We made a series of plots, each containing 32 artificial turtle nests. In each plot, we covered a percentage (0%, 25%, 50%, 81% or 100%) of the nests with either 1 or 2 sheets of plastic mesh. We used remote cameras to photograph and identify any predator that attacked nests in the plots. The cameras also allowed us to estimate the amount of time a fox was visible on each plot, as a metric of how much effort foxes expended on protected nests. Nest survival rate was not increased by either 1 or 2 sheets of mesh, and increasing the number of protected nests on a plot did not reveal a giving‐up density (GUD) value for fox foraging behaviour. Our study demonstrates that plastic mesh is not effective for protecting artificial turtle nests from foxes in this region.
The Debate Over the Constitutional Recognition of Indigenous Australians: National Unity and Memories of the 1967 Referendum
Authors: Goot Murray , Rowse Tim
Published: May 2023

In the debate over constitutional recognition of Indigenous Australians since 2010, the high “Yes” vote in 1967 has been recalled as a benchmark of national unity and goodwill towards Indigenous Australians, something to which Australians must return. The 1967 referendum has been evoked as a “step” towards reconciliation, with constitutional recognition presented as the next step. The “recognition” that the 1967 referendum enabled has been (mis)represented as allowing Indigenous Australians to be counted in the Census, hence to “count” more generally. Explaining constitutional changes to voters in the referendum on an Indigenous Voice, “Yes” and “No” campaigns are likely to describe amendments in emotively powerful terms. False memories of “recognition” obscure a political fissure within the myth of 1967. Some who celebrate 1967 have wanted the Constitution to continue to distinguish Indigenous from non‐Indigenous Australians, one understanding of the 1967 amendment to Section 51(xxvi); others have hoped that the next referendum would complete the deletion of distinguishing words that had begun in 1967 with the repeal of Section 127. The myths of 1967 combine to accommodate opposing ideals of national “unity”, allowing protagonists in the debate to read the “lessons” of 1967 in ways that reinforce their own political perspectives.
Plant communication among the Ralámuli people: Dreams, songs, iconography, and the interconnected fabric
Authors: Aguilera Sabina
Published: May 2023

The northern Mexican Ralámuli people consider plants to be their kin. First‐ and secondhand ethnographies bring forth fundamental issues that convey the possibility of communicating with plants. For example, the notion of an interconnected world has to do with roots, with threads, and with thought or nátali (consciousness, remembrance, ancestral memory), all of which embrace the life path. This path also refers to that used by healers, who in their dreams and through their chants communicate with sacred plants. This article also deepens the understanding of textiles—originally made from vegetal fibers and considering that in Ralámuli origin stories the Earth was woven—and their iconography, which also appears in healing contexts, to see if there is a relationship between specific motifs and the information that, via dreams and chants, the plants are delivering.
Threads: Sustaining India's Textile Traditions, Directed by Katherine Sender and Shuchi Kothari, Watertown, MA: Documentary Educational Resources. 2022. 58 min
Authors: Webb Matthew Raj
Published: May 2023

India's textile and clothing worlds are marked by a distinctive model of creative interaction between “designers” and “artisans.” Referencing different skills and social positions, this designer–artisan dyad was relationally configured during India's post‐colonial transition in the 1940–50s, imbued with distinctively modernist ambitions of national development. Such imperatives remain prominent in pedagogy at Indian design schools, where novice designers are routinely taught to develop relationships with artisans and position themselves as intermediaries between “village” traditions and world markets. At a moment when fashion industry institutions globally are grappling with colonial legacies, Threads: Sustaining India's Textile Traditions takes up the question of how, and on what terms, Indian fashion designers and textile artisans perceive value in their shared projects.
Himalayan upliftment and Shiwalik succession act as a cradle for divergence in Bengal monitor lizard Varanus bengalensis (Reptilia: Varanidae) in India
Authors: Gautam Kumudani Bala , Kumar Ajit , Das Abhijit , Gupta Sandeep Kumar
Published: May 2023

The Himalayan foothills and associated environment are well‐known for driving the rapid diversification of many species and the formation of biodiversity hotspots. The effects of environmental change since the Miocene have accelerated species diversification, and hence are useful for studying population genetic structure, and evolutionary relationships via genetic approaches. To date, the effects of climatic fluctuations on the biogeography of large‐bodied lizards have not been assessed comprehensively. Herein, we examine the diversification of Varanus bengalensis, focusing on its genetic structure to provide insights into how landscape structure and climatic fluctuations have shaped species differentiation. We confirm the existence of two distinct lineages within V. bengalensis distributed across the Himalayan foothills and the remainder of mainland India. Divergence analyses revealed the split between the Himalayan foothills and the remainder of the mainland lineages of V. bengalensis in the mid‐Pliocene ~3.06 Ma, potentially as a consequence of the Siwalik broadening and climatic fluctuations across the Himalayan foothills. The results suggest recognition of a new lineage of V. bengalensis from the Himalayan foothills as a distinctive evolutionarily significant unit.
Characterisation of X chromosome status of human extended pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Wang Ying , Yang Ning , Sun Wen , Zhao Chen , Hu Xiaoxuan , Lu Shan , Cao Shiwei , Wang Nannan , Hai Tang , Feng Guihai , An Chenrui , Wang Haoyi
Published: May 2023

Different pluripotent cell types have been established by capturing pluripotency in different states. Human extended pluripotent stem cells (hEPSCs), recently established by two independent studies, have the capability of differentiating into both embryonic and extraembryonic lineages, as well as forming human blastoids, showing great potential for early human development modeling and regenerative medicine. Considering that X chromosome status in female human pluripotent stem cells is dynamic and heterogeneous, and often leads to functional consequences, we characterized it in hEPSCs. We derived hEPSCs from primed human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) with defined X chromosome status (pre‐ or post‐X chromosome inactivation) using two previously published methods. We showed that hEPSCs derived using both methods had highly similar transcription profiles and X chromosome status. However, the X chromosome status of hEPSCs is largely determined by the primed hESCs from which they were derived, suggesting a lack of complete reprogramming of X chromosome during primed to extended/expanded pluripotency conversion. Furthermore, we found that the X chromosome status of hEPSCs affected their ability to differentiate into embryonic or extraembryonic lineage cells. Taken together, our work characterized the X chromosome status of hEPSCs, providing important information for the future application of hEPSCs.
Genome editing HLA alleles for a pilot immunocompatible hESC line in a Chinese hESC bank for cell therapies
Authors: Ji Tian‐Tian , Niu Shuai‐Shuai , Fang Ming‐Hui , Xu Ling‐Xue , Wang Xin , Zou Jun , Xu Fei , Zhang Meng , Niu Rui , Wu Jun , Wang Lei , Li Zhi‐Kun , Yang Yong‐Guang , Hao Jie , Li Wei , Hu Zheng , Zhou Qi
Published: May 2023

Robust allogeneic immune reactions after transplantation impede the translational pace of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs)‐based therapies. Selective genetic editing of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) molecules has been proposed to generate hESCs with immunocompatibility, which, however, has not been specifically designed for the Chinese population yet. Herein, we explored the possibility of customizing immunocompatible hESCs based on Chinese HLA typing characteristics. We generated an immunocompatible hESC line by disrupting HLA‐B, HLA‐C, and CIITA genes while retaining HLA‐A*11:01 (HLA‐A*11:01‐retained, HLA‐A11R), which covers ~21% of the Chinese population. The immunocompatibility of HLA‐A11R hESCs was verified by in vitro co‐culture and confirmed in humanized mice with established human immunity. Moreover, we precisely knocked an inducible caspase‐9 suicide cassette into HLA‐A11R hESCs (iC9‐HLA‐A11R) to promote safety. Compared with wide‐type hESCs, HLA‐A11R hESC‐derived endothelial cells elicited much weaker immune responses to human HLA‐A11+ T cells, while maintaining HLA‐I molecule‐mediated inhibitory signals to natural killer (NK) cells. Additionally, iC9‐HLA‐A11R hESCs could be induced to undergo apoptosis efficiently by AP1903. Both cell lines displayed genomic integrity and low risks of off‐target effects. In conclusion, we customized a pilot immunocompatible hESC cell line based on Chinese HLA typing characteristics with safety insurance. This approach provides a basis for establishment of a universal HLA‐AR bank of hESCs covering broad populations worldwide and may speed up the clinical application of hESC‐based therapies.
Meaning‐formation and sense of purpose in Morita therapy
Authors: Balogh Lehel
Published: May 2023

Morita therapy is one of the leading alternative psychotherapeutic approaches that has emerged from Japan and has adapted with notable success to the mores and demands of the Western medical establishment. Although still on the margin, Morita therapy has the potential to offer a viable option for those who seek therapeutic assistance for various neuroses and psychosomatic illnesses that culminate in psychiatric symptoms such as generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive‐compulsive disorder, or posttraumatic stress disorder. Diverging considerably from conventional Western psychiatric approaches, Morita therapy has its own modes of conceiving mental illness and offers distinct curative methods that are in some ways akin to the techniques of meaning‐centred psychotherapies, but in many other ways are rather different. In this paper, the meaning‐formation and the building of a constant sense of purpose in Morita therapy is explored, with a special focus on how these relate to creating a stable psychological framework for the client.
DNMT1‐associated sensory neuropathy and cerebellar ataxia: A novel variant and review of genotype–phenotype correlation
Authors: Menon Poornima Jayadev , Bogdanova‐Mihaylova Petya , McDermott Garret , Crowley Paul , Killeen Ronan P. , Alexander Michael D. , O'Dowd Sean , Murphy Sinéad M.
Published: May 2023

Aim

Hereditary sensory neuropathy (HSN) 1E is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by pathogenic variants in DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). It is characterised by sensorineural deafness, sensory neuropathy and cognitive decline. Variants in DNMT1 are also associated with autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia, deafness and narcolepsy.

Methods

A 42‐year‐old man presented with imbalance, lancinating pain, numerous paucisymptomatic injuries, progressive deafness since his mid‐20s, mild cognitive decline and apathy. Examination revealed abnormalities of eye movements, distal sensory loss to all modalities, areflexia without weakness and lower limb ataxia. MRI brain and FDG‐PET scan demonstrated biparietal and cerebellar atrophy/hypometabolism. Whole exome sequencing detected a heterozygous likely pathogenic missense variant in DNMT1, c.1289G > A, p.Cys430Tyr. Cochlear implant was performed at 44 years for the bilateral high frequency sensorineural hearing loss with improvement in hearing and day‐to‐day function.

Results and Conclusion

We describe a novel variant in DNMT1 and confirm that an overlapping HSN1E‐cerebellar phenotype can occur. Only one prior case of cochlear implant in HSN1E has been reported to date but this case adds to that literature, suggesting that cochlear implant can be successful in such patients. We further explore the clinical and radiological signature of the cognitive syndrome associated with this disorder.
Prevalence of temporomandibular disorders among psychoactive substances abusers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Aldosari Lujain Ibrahim N. , Hassan Saeed Awod Bin , Alshahrani Ahid Amer , Alshadidi Abdulkhaliq Ali F. , Ronsivalle Vincenzo , Marrapodi Maria Maddalena , Cicciù Marco , Minervini Giuseppe
Published: May 2023

Introduction

The COVID‐19 pandemic has had a significant impact on substance abuse patterns in recent times. Many people have experienced increased stress, anxiety, and social isolation, which has led to higher rates of substance abuse and addiction. It impacts on the orofacial region, particularly temporomandibular joint (TMJ). This review was undertaken to assess the association between substance abuse and temporomandibular disorders. (TMDs).

Materials and Methods

The databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Cochrane were searched for articles based of set PECO criteria. A comprehensive search using keywords of “Psychoactive substances”, “Illegal substances”, “substance abuse”, “narcotics”, “temporomandibular joint” and “temporomandibular joint disorders” yielded a total of 1405 articles. Modified Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale for observational studies assessed the risk of bias of included studies.

Results

Two studies were reviewed. Samples recruited were either from rehabilitation centres or prisoners and fell in the second to fourth decade. A definite association was noted between psychoactive substance and TMDs. Moderate to low risk of bias was noted in all the studies evaluated.

Conclusion

Further research is needed to better understand the nature of this relationship and the underlying mechanisms involved. It is important for healthcare providers to be aware of this potential association and to screen for substance abuse in patients with TMD symptoms.
Genetic mapping of candidate loci for water‐deficit stress‐induced proline accumulation in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Kamruzzaman Mohammad , Shrestha Asis , Siddiqui Md Nurealam , Oyiga Benedict Chijioke , Ballvora Agim , Léon Jens , Naz Ali Ahmad
Published: May 2023

Proline is an important metabolite that plays an adaptive role in plants under water‐deficit stress. Understanding the genetic basis of water‐deficit‐induced proline accumulation remains elusive in crop plants, especially in wheat. Here, we investigated proline accumulation under control and water‐deficit conditions using a diversity panel which comprises of 150 bread wheat cultivars. Water‐deficit stress significantly increased proline accumulation than well‐water treated plants. Water‐deficit‐induced proline variability was dissected using genome‐wide association studies that identified significant marker‐trait associations, especially on 1A and 1B chromosomes. Population structure analysis revealed the cultivars originated from Europe were associated with higher proline content. Further, linkage disequilibrium analysis identified minor allele of haplotypes, and single markers were linked with higher proline accumulation under water‐deficit conditions. The identified candidate genes were mostly involved in ATP and ADP binding, protein and oligopeptide transporter activity and also found in defence response, carbohydrate and fatty acid biosynthetic processes. Next, an in silico transcript analysis found higher expression of candidate genes in shoot/leaves under water‐deficit stress conditions. Overall, the key genomic regions controlling water deficit‐induced proline accumulation can be utilized in improving plant adaptation to drought.
Water uptake in germinating pecan (Carya illinoinensis) seed
Authors: Liu J. , Yang L. , Yuan Y. , Xue T.
Published: May 2023

Water uptake is the fundamental and essential requirement for seed germination. Pecan seed has a hard woody endocarp that plays an important role during water uptake.

To explore water uptake during germination, the spatiotemporal pattern of water and effect of the endocarp were analysed using high‐field MRI, dye‐tracing, wax blocking and SEM of water uptake.

Isolated seeds completed water uptake in 8 h while whole seeds required 6 days, hence, cracking the endocarp plays an important role. The hilum is the channel through which water enters the seed, while the remainder of the seed coat consist of cells covered with a waxy layer that act as a barrier to water absorption. The region with the highest water content in pecan seed is the edge of the U‐shaped region, and water can progressively diffuse from this U‐shaped region into the whole kernel.

We report a new water absorption stage between phase II and phase III of the triphasic model of water uptake of pecan seeds. Cracking the endocarp changed water distribution in pecan seeds, which may trigger further water absorption and radicle elongation.
Public emotional responses to crisis: The COVID‐19 pandemic in Wuhan and London
Authors: Luan Yingyue Luna , Sun Luning , Luo Fang , Stillwell David
Published: May 2023

Online public responses during crises provide a window into how people emotionally react to them. Capitalizing on the international nature of the COVID‐19 pandemic, we performed cross‐cultural examination of group and individual differences in public emotional responses. We collected 1,106,395 Weibo posts in Wuhan from July 2019 to June 2020 and 6,564,014 tweets in London from October 2019 to July 2020, and found that the public mood in both cities followed a similar pattern during the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic: a stage of plunging mood followed by a period of recovery. We further examined the relationship between individuals' personality and mood changes. Our results showed that in Wuhan, emotionally stable people experienced more dramatic mood changes, while in London, people high in agreeableness and conscientiousness were more negatively affected during the lockdown period. Based on our findings, we suggest effective crisis management strategies for both policymakers and individuals.
The Predictive Role of Materialistic Values on Learning Burnout by Pre-service Teachers: A Parallel Channel Model
Authors: Tang Yulun , Zhang Sensen , Yang Liheng
Published: May 2023

This study set out to explore the relationship between materialistic values (MVS), ontological security threat (OST), gratitude, and learning burnout (LB) among pre-service teachers enrolled in the Free Teacher Education program in China. MVS, adolescent student burnout, gratitude, and OST questionnaires were administered to 801 pre-service teachers. Data processing was conducted using IBM SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 24.0. The SPSS macro program Model 4 was used to identify mediating mechanisms. Study findings were as follows: (1) MVS was positively correlated with both OST and LB, but negatively correlated with gratitude. (2) OST was positively correlated with LB, while gratitude was negatively correlated with LB. (3) The impact of MVS on pre-service teachers' LB was simultaneously mediated by OST and gratitude. MVS not only directly predicts pre-service teachers' LB, but also influences LB through the independent mediators of OST and gratitude.
Risk Analysis for Wells in an Active CO2-Enhanced Oil Recovery Field in Farnsworth Unit, Anadarko Basin, Texas
Authors: On Thinh , Nguyen Tan , Balch Robert
Published: May 2023

The Farnsworth Unit in the Anadarko Basin, Texas is the location of an ongoing CO2 storage and enhanced oil recovery project. Reservoir pressure increases may pose detrimental effects on wellbore integrity in the area. In this study, we investigate well historical data of 20 wells in Farnsworth Unit and conduct laboratory experiments to study risk analysis for those wells. In the experiments, the authors use Portland cement class C and H. This study also uses permeability measurement and X-ray computed tomography to quantify cement damages, then develop hypothetical correlations between injection-confining differential pressure and cement permeability. Finally, the authors apply the correlations for wells in the field to estimate leakage rates through cement columns due to wellbore damage caused by cyclic loading. This paper demonstrates the success of using permeability measurement and X-ray computed tomography to investigate damages in cement, as well as the feasibility of using both experimental and historical data to study well integrity through risk analysis. The study also mentions the corrosive effect of chloride ion on steel, which is also a factor to consider when design wellbore cement.
Physical Performance Profiles in Norwegian Premier League Female Football: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Vagle Markus , Dalen-Lorentsen Torstein , Moksnes Håvard , Harøy Joar , Bjørneboe John , Andersen Thor Einar
Published: May 2023

Purpose: To map anthropometric and physical performance profiles in Norwegian premier league female football players. Methods: During preseason, the physical qualities of 107 players were tested on Keiser leg press, countermovement jump, 40-meter sprint, and agility. Descriptive statistics were presented as mean (SD) and median [interquartile range]. Pearson correlations analyses were made for all performance tests, and results presented as R value with 95% CIs. Results: The female players were 22 (4) years of age, stature 169.0 (6.2) cm, body weight 65.3 (6.7) kg; force 2122 (312) N, power 1090 (140) W, sprint 40 m 5.75 (0.21) seconds, agility dominant 10.18 (0.32) seconds, nondominant 10.27 (0.31) seconds, and countermovement jump 32.6 (4.1) cm. Outfield players were faster and more agile than goalkeepers, a difference of 40 m, agility of dominant, and nondominant leg, respectively: 0.20 [0.09–0.32], 0.37 [0.21–0.54], and 0.28 [0.12–45]; P < .001. Goalkeepers and central defenders were taller and heavier compared with fullbacks, central midfielders, and wide midfielders (P ranging from <.02). A difference was found between dominant and nondominant legs for the agility test, showing that players are faster when changing direction with the dominant leg. Conclusions: Our study presents anthropometric and physical performance profiles of Norwegian premier league female football players. We found no difference for the physical qualities strength, power, sprint, agility, and countermovement jump between any outfield playing positions in female premier league players. There was a difference between outfield players and goalkeepers for sprint and agility.
In Science Journals
Authors: Osborne Ian S. , Hurtley Stella M. , Lopez Bianca , Szuromi Phil , Grocholski Brent , Charneski Catherine A. , Maroso Mattia , VanHook Annalisa M. , Alderton Gemma , Wible Brad , Nusinovich Yevgeniya , Suleymanov Yury , Lavine Marc S. , Smith H. Jesse , Olingy Claire , Yeston Jake , Vignieri Sacha
Published: May 2023

Highlights from the
Science
family of journals
Draft Genome Sequence of a Novel Adenovirus Recovered from the Metagenome of Agile Wallabies
Authors: Okoh God’spower Richard , Ariel Ellen , Whitmore David , Horwood Paul F.
Published: May 2023

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of a novel agile wallaby adenovirus that was detected in the fecal metagenome of agile wallabies. The genome is 31,512 bp long, with a G+C content of 34.4%. Currently, the pathogenic and zoonotic potential of this novel virus is unknown.
Genomes of Single-Stranded DNA Viruses in a Fecal Sample from South Polar Skua (Stercorarius maccormicki) on Ross Island, Antarctica
Authors: Shick Sarah R. A. , Elrod Megan L. , Schmidt Annie , Kraberger Simona , Ainley David G. , Ballard Grant , Varsani Arvind
Published: May 2023

South polar skuas migrate from subtropical regions to breed along coastal Antarctica. In a fecal sample collected on Ross Island, Antarctica, we identified 20 diverse microviruses (
Microviridae
) that share low levels of similarity to currently known microviruses; 6 appear to use a
Mycoplasma/Spiroplasma
codon translation table.
SUMO Modification of Hepatitis B Virus Core Mediates Nuclear Entry, Promyelocytic Leukemia Nuclear Body Association, and Efficient Formation of Covalently Closed Circular DNA
Authors: Hofmann Samuel , Plank Verena , Groitl Peter , Skvorc Nathalie , Hofmann Katharina , Luther Julius , Ko Chunkyu , Zimmerman Peter , Bruss Volker , Stadler Daniela , Carpentier Arnaud , Rezk Shahinda , Nassal Michael , Protzer Ulrike , Schreiner Sabrina
Published: May 2023

HBV cccDNA is formed from the incomplete rcDNA involving several host DDR proteins. The exact process and the site of cccDNA formation are poorly understood.
Assessment of CD200R Activation in Combination with Doxycycline in a Model of Melioidosis
Authors: Thom R. E. , Williamson E. D. , Casulli J. , Butcher W. A. , Burgess G. , Laws T. R. , Huxley P. , Ashfield R. , Travis M. A. , D’Elia R. V.
Published: May 2023

Traditional treatments for infectious disease have focused on the use of antimicrobial compounds (e.g. antibiotics) that target the infecting organism. However, timely diagnosis and administration of antibiotics remain crucial to ensure efficacy of these treatments especially for the highly virulent biothreat organisms.