bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictors of breast cancer screening among women of reproductive age in Tanzania: Evidence from DHS 2022
Authors: Tibenderana Jovin R. , Kessy Sanun Ally , Mlaponi Dosanto Felix , Mwaitete Ndinagwe Lloyd , Mtenga John Elyas
Published: November 2024

Background

Breast cancer is a global concern, with 2.3 million new cases and 685,000 deaths recorded in 2020, and projections of reaching 4.4 million cases by 2070. In Tanzania, it’s the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women, often diagnosed at advanced stages, leading to poor outcomes. Only 5% of women in the country report undergoing breast cancer screening, the aim study is to determine factors associated with breast cancer screening in Tanzania.

Methods

This was analytical cross-sectional study among women of reproductive age in Tanzania, utilizing data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) which employed a two-stage probability sampling. A weighted sample of 15,189 women of reproductive age (15–49) was included in the study. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to examine factors associated with breast cancer screening. These results were presented using adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval.

Results

After controlling for other factors, the following factors remained significantly associated with breast cancer screening among women of reproductive age; age(AOR = 5.33, 95% CI 3.72, 7.63), being wealthy (AOR = 2.34, 95% CI 1.61, 3.38), residing in rural(AOR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.46, 0.763), being educated(AOR = 2.43, 95% CI 1.60, 3.68), being insured(AOR = 2.40, 95% CI 1.89, 3.06), healthcare facility visits in the past 12 months(AOR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.14, 1.78) and living in Northern zone (AOR = 2.43, 95% CI 1.42, 4.15) compared to western zone.

Conclusion

Breast cancer screening is still under-utilized and have shown to be marginalized in women of reproductive age. Upgrading diagnostic services, comprehensive health education and awareness campaigns are instrumental to increase utilization and reduction of burden of breast cancers in Tanzania.
Can digital economy promote urban export sophistication? Evidence from China
Authors: Zhu Qin , Yu Haijing , Wan Zhimei
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the impact of digital economy development on urban export sophistication and its mechanisms. We use the chain mediation effect model to analyze the panel data of 281 cities in China from 2011 to 2017. The results show that the digital economy has a significant and positive impact on urban ES. There are two main influence paths. One promotes urban ES by accumulating human capital; the other stimulates technological innovation and further leads to urban ES. The “technological innovation effect” plays the most considerable mediating role among them. The heterogeneity test result shows that the digital economy impact is greater in western China than in eastern and central regions. We further show that the influence of the regional digital economy on urban ES presents an inverted U-shaped curve. Our paper provides guidance for promoting the construction of and the high-quality development of trade.
A novel small molecule screening assay using normal human chondrocytes toward osteoarthritis drug discovery
Authors: Coryell Philip R. , Hardy Paul B. , Chubinskaya Susan , Pearce Kenneth H. , Loeser Richard F.
Published: November 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and a leading cause of pain and disability in adults. A central feature is progressive cartilage degradation and matrix fragment formation driven by the excessive production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), such as MMP-13, by articular chondrocytes. Inflammatory factors, including interleukin 6 (IL-6), are secreted into the joint by synovial fibroblasts, and can contribute to pain and inflammation. No therapeutic exists that addresses the underlying loss of joint tissue in OA. To address this, we developed and utilized a cell-based high-throughput OA drug discovery platform using normal human chondrocytes treated with a recombinant fragment of the matrix protein fibronectin (FN-f) as a catabolic stimulus relevant to OA pathogenesis and a readout using a fluorescent MMP-13 responsive probe. The goal was to test this screening platform by identifying compounds that inhibited FN-f-induced MMP-13 production and determine if these compounds also inhibited catabolic signaling in OA chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts. Two pilot screens of 1344 small molecules revealed five “hits” that strongly inhibited FN-f induced MMP-13 production with low cytotoxicity. These included RO-3306 (CDK1 inhibitor (i)), staurosporine (PKCi), trametinib (MEK1 and MEK2i), GSK-626616 (DYRK3i), and edicotinib (CSF-1Ri). Secondary testing using immunoblots and cells derived from OA joint tissues confirmed the ability of selected compounds to inhibit chondrocyte MMP-13 production and FN-f stimulated IL-6 production by synovial fibroblasts. These findings support the use of this high throughput screening assay for discovery of disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs.
Cerebellar repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation has no effect on contraction-induced facilitation of corticospinal excitability
Authors: Matsugi Akiyoshi , Tsuzaki Aki , Jinai Soichi , Okada Yohei , Mori Nobuhiko , Hosomi Koichi
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to investigate whether the cerebellum contributes to contraction-induced facilitation (CIF) of contralateral corticospinal excitability. To this end, repetitive cerebellar transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to test whether it modulates CIF. Overall, 20 healthy young individuals participated in the study. Single-pulse TMS was applied to the left primary motor cortex to induce motor-evoked potentials (MEP) on electromyography of the right first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle to test corticospinal excitability. This measurement was conducted during contraction (10% maximum voluntary contraction [MVC]) and rest (0% MVC) of the FDI muscle. CIF, cerebellar brain inhibition (CBI), cortical silent period (cSP), and resting motor threshold (rMT) were measured before and after low-frequency repetitive TMS (crTMS) of the right cerebellum to downregulate cerebellar output. The CIF (contraction/rest of the MEP), CBI (conditioned/unconditioned MEP) during contraction, cSP, and rMT were not affected by crTMS. At rest, CBI was decreased. These findings indicated that the primary motor cortex function for the increase in corticospinal excitability was not affected by crTMS. This study contributes to our understanding of the role of the cerebellum in motor control. Additionally, it may inform decision-making for the site of cerebellar ataxia treatment using non-invasive brain stimulation.
Deep learning-based automatic image classification of oral cancer cells acquiring chemoresistance in vitro
Authors: Hsieh Hsing-Chuan , Chen Cho-Yi , Chou Chung-Hsien , Peng Bou-Yue , Sun Yi-Chen , Lin Tzu-Wei , Chien Yueh , Chiou Shih-Hwa , Hung Kai-Feng , Lu Henry Horng-Shing
Published: November 2024

Cell shape reflects the spatial configuration resulting from the equilibrium of cellular and environmental signals and is considered a highly relevant indicator of its function and biological properties. For cancer cells, various physiological and environmental challenges, including chemotherapy, cause a cell state transition, which is accompanied by a continuous morphological alteration that is often extremely difficult to recognize even by direct microscopic inspection. To determine whether deep learning-based image analysis enables the detection of cell shape reflecting a crucial cell state alteration, we used the oral cancer cell line resistant to chemotherapy but having cell morphology nearly indiscernible from its non-resistant parental cells. We then implemented the automatic approach via deep learning methods based on EfficienNet-B3 models, along with over- and down-sampling techniques to determine whether image analysis of the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) can accomplish three-class classification of non-cancer cells vs. cancer cells with and without chemoresistance. We also examine the capability of CNN-based image analysis to approximate the composition of chemoresistant cancer cells within a population. We show that the classification model achieves at least 98.33% accuracy by the CNN model trained with over- and down-sampling techniques. For heterogeneous populations, the best model can approximate the true proportions of non-chemoresistant and chemoresistant cancer cells with Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) reduced to 0.16 by Ensemble Learning (EL). In conclusion, our study demonstrates the potential of CNN models to identify altered cell shapes that are visually challenging to recognize, thus supporting future applications with this automatic approach to image analysis.
Mathematical modeling of vancomycin release from Poly-L-Lactic Acid-Coated implants
Authors: Thamvasupong Papon , Viravaidya-Pasuwat Kwanchanok
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to develop a mathematical model to predict the release profile and antibacterial efficacy of a vancomycin delivery system integrated with poly(L-lactic acid)-coated bone implants specifically designed for bone plates. Using Fickian diffusion principles within an ANSYS-CFX computational fluid dynamic model, we validated the model against our in vitro vancomycin release and agar diffusion studies, as well as previously published in vivo data, confirming the reliability of the model. The model predictions demonstrated the effectiveness of the system in inhibiting bacterial growth in surrounding tissue with no observed toxicity, with a peak vancomycin concentration of 0.95 mg/ml at 6 hours, followed by a decrease to levels that remained effective for antibacterial activity. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis revealed that the model is particularly sensitive to the half-life of vancomycin, with a maximum sensitivity index of 0.8, indicating its greater impact on the prediction accuracy than the diffusion coefficient, which has a maximum sensitivity index of 0.5. Therefore, precise input of vancomycin’s half-life is critical for accurate predictions. These findings offer substantial support for the efficacy of the local delivery system as a promising therapeutic approach against implant-associated infections.
Study on the mechanical properties of granite responses of cyclic heating and water cooling considering microcosmic and energy
Authors: Liang Xiaokang , Liu Hanxiang , Yuan Yong , Zhu Dong , Gu Xiaowei
Published: November 2024

Investigating the coupling effects of temperature levels and heating-water cooling cycles on the physical and mechanical responses of HDR (hot dry rock) is a vital issue during the exploitation of geothermal energy. In this study, the physical properties of granite specimens were measured first after each heating and water-cooling cycle. Then, uniaxial compressive tests were conducted on those granites to obtain their mechanical properties. With the increase in heating temperature (T) and cycles of heating and water cooling (N), P-wave velocity, uniaxial compression strength (UCS), and elastic modulus (E) showed a decreasing tendency, and the decrease of those four properties corresponding to T variation is greater than N variation. Due to the α-β phase transition of quartz happening at 573°C, the density UCS and E of granite decreased rapidly when the heating temperature increased from 450°C to 600°C at N = 1. With the increase of T and N, the failure mode of granite gradually changes from tensile failure to shear failure and, finally, comminute failure. The failure mechanism of granite gradually transfers from brittleness-dominated to ductility-dominated due to accumulated thermal damage. Finally, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to determine the damage mechanism of cyclic heating-cooling. The micro test results show that the high-temperature treatment changes the mineral composition and the microcracks number of the granite and finally affects the macroscopic physical and mechanical properties. The study conclusions of this manuscript are important for exploiting geothermal resources.
The effect of different interfaces during virtual game practice on motor performance of individuals with genetic ataxia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Graciani Zodja , Moraes Íbis Ariana Peña de , Alberissi Camila Aparecida de Oliveira , Prado-Rico Janina Manzieri , Silva Talita Dias da , Martinez Juliana Perez , Araújo Luciano Vieira de , Pontes Rodrigo Garcia , Fernandes Susi Mary de Souza , Barbosa Renata Cléia Claudino , Németh Andrea H. , Dawes Helen , Monteiro Carlos Bandeira de Mello
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Reaching and coordination tasks are widely used in traditional physical rehabilitation programs for individuals with Ataxia. Virtual reality interventions could optimize the motor performance of these individuals; however, the type of virtual interface may influence performance during virtual practice. We aimed to estimate the extent of the effect of different interfaces (webcam and touchscreen) on the motor performance of individuals with various types of genetic ataxia, compared to a control group, during virtual computer game tasks.

Methods

Repeated exposure quasi-experimental design, which included seventeen volunteers diagnosed with progressive ataxia between 21 and 64 years of age and sixteen age-matched controls. The virtual game tasks were based on the MoveHero software, performed using different interfaces (webcam or touchscreen). Subgroups of participants with genetic ataxia performed the virtual games using the interfaces in different orders (webcam interface followed by touchscreen interface, or vice-versa). The absolute error (AE), variable error (VE), number of hits, and anticipation were used to reflect the motor performance during the virtual task.

Results

Participants with ataxia presented more variable and absolute errors, a lower number of hits, and greater anticipation error than controls (p<0.05). For participants with ataxia, a greater AE was found only in the sequence touchscreen followed by webcam interface (i.e., the sequence webcam before touchscreen presented lower AE).

Conclusion

The group of participants with genetic ataxia presented lower performance than the control group regardless of the interface (webcam or touchscreen). The most interesting observation was that although practicing with the webcam interface offers features that make the task more complex than the touchscreen interface, resulting in lower performance, this interface facilitated performance in a subsequent touchscreen task only in individuals with ataxia, suggesting that a virtual interface engenders greater transfer to other tasks.

Registered at Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos (ReBEC) database number identifier: RBR-3q685r5.
Insect diversity estimation in polarimetric lidar
Authors: Bernenko Dolores , Li Meng , Månefjord Hampus , Jansson Samuel , Runemark Anna , Kirkeby Carsten , Brydegaard Mikkel
Published: November 2024

Identifying flying insects is a significant challenge for biologists. Entomological lidar offers a unique solution, enabling rapid identification and classification in field settings. No other method can match its speed and efficiency in identifying insects in flight. This non-intrusive tool is invaluable for assessing insect biodiversity, informing conservation planning, and evaluating efforts to address declining insect populations. Although the species richness of co-existing insects can reach tens of thousands, current photonic sensors and lidars can differentiate roughly one hundred signal types. While the retrieved number of clusters correlate with Malaise trap diversity estimates, this taxonomic specificity, the number of discernible signal types is currently limited by instrumentation and algorithm sophistication. In this study, we report 32,533 observations of wild flying insects along a 500-meter transect. We report the benefits of lidar polarization bands for differentiating species and compare the performance of two unsupervised clustering algorithms, namely Hierarchical Cluster Analysis and Gaussian Mixture Model. Our analysis shows that polarimetric properties could be partially predicted even with unpolarized light, thus polarimetric lidar bands provide only a minor improvement in specificity. Finally, we use the physical properties of the clustered observations, such as wing beat frequency, daily activity patterns, and spatial distribution, to establish a lower bound for the number of species represented by the differentiated signal types.
An arithmetic operation P system based on symmetric ternary system
Authors: Nan Hai , Zhang Jie , Guo Ping , Jiang Jiqiao , Zhang Xu
Published: November 2024

Nowadays, electronic computers use a “binary” numbering system, as opposed to “ternary” logic, which is closer to the way the human brain thinks. In this paper, the symmetric ternary system is applied to membrane computing for the first time. By combining the symmetric ternary system with membrane computing, this paper provides a more suitable arithmetic operation method for bio-computers, which breaks through the limitations of the traditional binary system in complex operations, and has a great potential for application in artificial intelligence and automatic learning in particular. The P System we designed include: Π+ for symmetric ternary addition, Π* for symmetric ternary multiplication, and Π/ for symmetric ternary division. The operation process of each P System was explained through examples, and their feasibility and effectiveness were verified through simulation software, UPSimulator. The system we designed can be further applied to symmetric ternary applications.
Multilabel SegSRGAN—A framework for parcellation and morphometry of preterm brain in MRI
Authors: Dollé Guillaume , Loron Gauthier , Alloux Margaux , Kraus Vivien , Delannoy Quentin , Beck Jonathan , Bednarek Nathalie , Rousseau François , Passat Nicolas
Published: November 2024

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful tool for observing and assessing the properties of brain tissue and structures. In particular, in the context of neonatal care, MR images can be used to analyze neurodevelopmental problems that may arise in premature newborns. However, the intrinsic properties of newborn MR images, combined with the high variability of MR acquisition in a clinical setting, result in complex and heterogeneous images. Segmentation methods dedicated to the processing of clinical data are essential for obtaining relevant biomarkers. In this context, the design of quality control protocols for the associated segmentation is a cornerstone for guaranteeing the accuracy and usefulness of these inferred biomarkers. In recent work, we have proposed a new method, SegSRGAN, designed for super-resolution reconstruction and segmentation of specific brain structures. In this article, we first propose an extension of SegSRGAN from binary segmentation to multi-label segmentation, leading then to a partitioning of an MR image into several labels, each corresponding to a specific brain tissue/area. Secondly, we propose a segmentation quality control protocol designed to assess the performance of the proposed method with regard to this specific parcellation task in neonatal MR imaging. In particular, we combine scores derived from expert analysis, morphometric measurements and topological properties of the structures studied. This segmentation quality control can enable clinicians to select reliable segmentations for clinical analysis, starting with correlations between perinatal risk factors, regional volumes and specific dimensions of cognitive development. Based on this protocol, we are investigating the strengths and weaknesses of SegSRGAN and its potential suitability for clinical research in the context of morphometric analysis of brain structure in preterm infants, and to potentially design new biomarkers of neurodevelopment. The proposed study focuses on MR images from the EPIRMEX dataset, collected as part of a national cohort study. In particular, this work represents a first step towards the design of 3-dimensional neonatal brain morphometry based on segmentation. The (free and open-source) code of multilabel SegSRGAN is publicly available at the following URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12659424.
Effectiveness of bundled care in the management of cerebral hemorrhage complicated by pulmonary infection in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Yamei , Wu Xiulan , Lu Ming , Sun Lu , Sun Xibo , Dou Zulin , Liu Zhanhao
Published: November 2024

Objective

Aimed to systematically evaluate the therapeutic and rehabilitative effects of bundled care on patients with cerebral hemorrhage complicated by pulmonary infection in China.

Methods

Relevant literature was retrieved from multiple databases and original studies investigated the efficacy of bundled care in managing cerebral hemorrhage complicated by pulmonary infection were included. Data analysis was conducted using Meta-analysis software (RevMan 5.3 and Stata 17.0). The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias. Sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the robustness of the results. Funnel plot, Begg and Egger test were conducted to assess the presence of publication bias. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023475738).

Results

Twelve studies involving 1049 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that bundled care significantly reduced the duration of antibiotic use and pulmonary infection (SMD = -0.77), reduced the duration of tracheal intubation (MD = -5.35), and shortened hospital stay (MD = -6.30). The effective rate of treatment (OR = 8.39), satisfaction degree (OR = 5.65), anxiety (MD = -4.52) and depression scores (MD = -4.38), and quality of life scores (MD = 11.75) were improved after bundled care intervention compared to routine care. Assessment of publication bias showed no significant evidence of publication bias.

Conclusions

Bundled care can significantly shorten the duration of illness treatment and hospital stay of patients with cerebral hemorrhage complicated by pulmonary infection, improve treatment effectiveness and satisfaction degree, alleviate anxiety and depression, and promote the improvement of quality of life.
The impact of seasonal cattle grazing on ungulate spatiotemporal behavior in a multiuse recreational area in central Alberta
Authors: Knodel Kathryn , Vanderleek Andrew , Spyksma Lane , Scheuermann Sierra , Visscher Darcy R.
Published: November 2024

As grazing lands expand it is important to understand the effect cattle (Bos taurus) may have on native ungulates. Cattle presence in a landscape can cause both spatial and temporal partitioning in wild ungulates. We used remote cameras to investigate the impacts of seasonal rest-rotational cattle grazing on both the temporal and spatial behaviors of moose (Alces alces), elk (Cervus canadensis), mule deer (Odocoileus hemonius), and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Cooking Lake-Blackfoot Provincial Park near Edmonton, AB, Canada. We found that all wild ungulates decrease their intensity of use in areas while cattle were grazing, and that this effect remains even after cattle have left, suggesting a degree of spatial partitioning. We also observed species specific changes in ungulate daily activity and nocturnality in response to cattle presence indicative of temporal partitioning. Elk increased their nocturnality while both deer species decreased their nocturnality. Understanding how cattle presence affects wild ungulates is essential for wildlife management, disease transmission, and conservation in the wake of potential increased ungulate-cattle interactions in the future.
Imaginação e conhecimento: uma contraposição entre Vico e a teoria cartesiana
Authors: Rosa Marcelo Lopes
Published: November 2024

Resumo: Na modernidade, os cartesianos assinalam a interferência da imaginação dentre as dificuldades para se obter um conhecimento verdadeiro. Considerava-se os hipogrifos, centauros e outros seres como composições elaboradas pela imaginação humana a partir da reunião de partes mais simples, anteriormente percebidas pelos sentidos. Assim, eles consideram a imaginação e os sentidos como algumas das maiores causas de engano, caso sejam endossados pela faculdade de julgar. Em contraste, Vico busca fundamentar um conhecimento verdadeiro sem desprezar os sentidos e o corpo. Para ele, o homem está condicionado a ter um conhecimento verdadeiro somente daquilo que ele mesmo faz. E o conhecimento que ele produz sobre a natureza procede por meio da análise de suas partes, como uma espécie de “anatomia”, para, em seguida, reconstituir tudo por meio da síntese, recorrendo à imaginação. Para depurar os possíveis enganos que a imaginação produzir, Vico indica as faculdades de perceber, julgar e raciocinar.
Palavras-chave: Ciência e Filosofia; Análise; Síntese.
Imagination and knowledge: a contrast between Vico and Cartesian theory
Abstract: In the modernity, Cartesians point out the interference of imagination among the difficulties to obtain true knowledge. Hippogriffs, centaurs and other beings were considered as compositions elaborated by the human imagination from the assembly of simpler parts, which were previously perceived by the senses. Thus they regard the imagination and the senses as some of the greatest causes of deception, if they are endorsed by the faculty of judgment. In contrast, Vico seeks to ground true knowledge without neglecting the senses and the body. For him, man is conditioned to have a true knowledge only of what he himself does. And the knowledge he produces about nature proceeds through the analysis of its parts, as a kind of “anatomy”, to then reconstitute everything through synthesis, resorting to imagination. To purify the possible mistakes that the imagination can produce, Vico indicates the faculties of perceiving, judging and reasoning.
Key-words: Science and Philosophy; Analysis; Synthesis.
 
Data de registro: 22/08/2022
Data de aceite: 30/11/2023
Sobre o fenômeno da acrasia na filosofia de Aristóteles
Authors: Santos Felipe Fernandes Vieira
Published: November 2024

Resumo: O presente artigo[1] tem o objetivo de servir como uma apresentação não-exaustiva do conceito de acrasia na filosofia de Aristóteles, presente na interseção de duas grandes áreas de seu pensamento, a saber, sua ética e sua psicologia. Nossa intenção é compreender no que consiste uma ação acrática e as causas que levam o indivíduo a agir desse modo, e o faremos por meio de uma análise do que Aristóteles apresenta nas obras Ética Nicomaqueia e De Anima. Por fim, discorreremos acerca do intelectualismo socrático apresentado em EN VII 3, apresentando brevemente o modo como o problema pode ser resolvido conciliando a passagem com os outros escritos do autor.
Palavras-chave: Ética Aristotélica; Acrasia; Intelectualismo Socrático; Filosofia Antiga
About the phenomenon of akrasia in Aristotle's philosophy
Abstract: This article intends to be a non-exhaustive presentation of the concept of akrasia in Aristotle’s philosophy, present in the intersection of two big areas of his thought, namely, his ethic and his psychology. Our intention is to comprehend what an akratic action consists in and the causes that drives an individual to act this way, and we will do so by a brief analysis of what Aristotle says in the Nicomachean Ethics and De Anima. Finally, we will discuss about the Socratic intellectualism found in EN VII 3, briefly showing how the problem might be solved reconciling the passage with Aristotle’s other writings.
Keywords: aristotelian ethics; akrasia; socratic intellectualism; ancient philosophy.
 
Data de registro: 11/11/2022
Data de aceite: 02/10/2023
A genealogia enquanto sentido histórico: uma análise do texto Nietzsche, a genealogia e a história de Michel Foucault
Authors: Ferreira Regiani Cristina Jacinto
Published: November 2024

Resumo: A partir da análise dos termos Ursprung, Herkunft e Entestehung, apresentados nos escritos de Nietzsche, e da crítica nietzschiana à história tradicional, Foucault encontrará os fundamentos de seu método genealógico. A partir da recusa nietzschiana da análise do termo origem e seu sentido que remete à conceitos metafísicos, tais como, verdade imóvel e essência, Foucault busca um sentido histórico capaz de abarcar a descontinuidade histórica. Este artigo visa analisar, a partir de um estudo do capítulo Nietzsche, a genealogia e a história da obra Microfísica do poder de Foucault, os sentidos da crítica histórica nietzschiana, isto é, a crítica à antropologia, que levará ao surgimento do sentido histórico da genealogia de Foucault.
Palavras-chave: Nietzsche; Ursprung; Herkunft; Entestehung; genealogia.
Genealogy as a historical sense: an analysis of the text Nietzsche, Genealogy, History of Michel Foucault
Abstract: From the analysis of the terms Ursprung, Herkunft and Entestehung, presented in Nietzsche's writings, and Nietzsche's critique of traditional history, Foucault will find the foundations of his genealogical method. Based on Nietzsche's refusal to analyze the term origin and its meaning, which refers to metaphysical concepts, such as immovable truth and essence, Foucault seeks a historical meaning capable of encompassing historical discontinuity. This article aims to analyze, from a study of the chapter Nietzsche, Genealogy, History of Foucault's work Microphysics of power, the meanings of Nietzsche's historical criticism, that is, the criticism of anthropology, which will lead to the emergence of the historical sense of Foucault's genealogy.
Key-words: Nietzsche; Ursprung; Herkunft; Entestehung; genealogy.
 
Data de registro: 07/12/2022
Data de aceite: 24/11/2023
Americanismo e Fordismo: a unidade do mundo na era de sua reconfiguração geopolítica. O conceito de revolução passiva como categoria interpretativa
Authors: Nicodemos Carlos
Published: November 2024

Resumo: O americanismo foi a resposta ao processo revolucionário iniciado com a Revolução Bolchevique (1917), como, também, pela “crise orgânica” aberta pela I Guerra Mundial. Neste contexto, a hegemonia das classes dominantes estava fragmentada, sendo que as duas forças sociais, a burguesia e o proletariado, disputavam a direção econômico-cultural no mundo ocidental. Mas, a corrida pela hegemonia se dava de modo desigual, onde as classes dominantes possuíam inesgotáveis mecanismos para a manutenção da sua dominação; por outro lado, as classes dominadas deveriam se unificar para poderem conquistar a hegemonia produtiva, enterrando, de vez, o modo de produção capitalista em conjunto com as suas relações de classes. Portanto, nessas condições, as classes dominantes utilizaram as revoluções passivas para reforçarem a sua direção fragilizada, retomando o consenso, e desarticulando as classes subalternas em processo de sublevação social. Por isso, Gramsci aponta que a implementação do americanismo na Europa ocorreu sob formas de extrema coerção, mas conservando as classes tradicionais fora do campo produtivo exigido pelo novo modelo de produção.
Palavras-chave: Americanismo; Revolução Passiva; Hegemonia; Luta De Classes; Crise Orgânica
Americanism and Fordism: the unity of the world in the age of its geopolitical configuration. The concept of passive revolution as an interpretative category
Abstract: Americanism was the response to the revolutionary process initiated by the Bolshevik Revolution (1917), as well as by the “organic crisis” opened up by World War I. In this context, the hegemony of the ruling classes was fragmented with the two social forces, the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, disputing the economic-cultural direction in the Western world. But the race for hegemony was uneven where the ruling classes had inexhaustible mechanisms to maintain their domination; on the other hand, the dominated classes should be unified in order to conquer productive hegemony, burying, once and for all, the capitalist mode of production together with its class relations. Therefore, under these conditions the ruling classes used passive revolutions to reinforce their weakened leadership, resuming consensus and dismantling the subaltern classes in a process of social upheaval. For this reason, Gramsci points out that the implementation of Americanism in Europe took place under forms of extreme coercion, but keeping the traditional classes out of the productive field required by the new production model.
Keywords: Americanism; Passive Revolution; Hegemony; Class Struggles; Organic Crises
 
Data de registro: 28/11/2023
Data de aceite: 14/12/2023
Modelling population dynamics using age-structured system of partial differential equations
Authors: Kemei Zachariah , Rotich Titus , Bitok Jacob
Published: November 2024

In this paper, an age-structured model was used to model population dynamics, and make predictions through simulation using 2019 Kenya population data. The age-structured mathematical model was developed, using partial differential equations on population densities as func-tions of age and time. The population was structured into 20 clusters each of 5 year interval, and assigned different birth and death rate pa-rameters. Crank-Nicolson numerical scheme was used to simulate the model and the 2019 initial population of 38,589,011 was found to increase by 50% to 57,956,100 by 2050. The initial economic dependency ratio was computed to be 1:2, but due to changes in technology and improvement of living standards, the new ratio is lowered to 1:1.14. The graphical presentation showed a trend of transition from ex-pansive to constrictive population pyramid.
Etiologia e tratamento da anquilose da articulação temporomandibular: um estudo retrospectivo
Authors: de Sousa Jozeias , Sales Rosemeire , Gonçalves João , Sousa Letícia , Rabelo Luís
Published: November 2024

﻿Introdução: A anquilose da articulação temporomandibular (ATM) leva a uma limitação progressiva da abertura bucal e ocorre devido a traumas ou infecções odontogênicas, entre outras doenças. Objetivo: Analisar a etiologia desse distúrbio, para ajudar na sua prevenção e tratamento. Metologia: Este estudo retrospectivo examinou casos de anquilose da ATM em pacientes em um hospital no estado do Maranhão (Brasil) entre os anos de 2018 e 2023. Os registros do banco de dados desse hospital foram utilizados para a análise. Resultados: Foi observada uma maior prevalência de...
Por que acabei nas estatísticas de fuga de cérebros
Authors: Sergio Cenci Maximiliano
Published: November 2024

Na segunda semana de junho, fui convidado a falar sobre como incorporei a inteligência artificial na minha linha de pesquisa para o evento “Strategy Day”, do Instituto de Pesquisa para Inovação Médica no Radboudumc, onde atualmente trabalho como professor assistente e pesquisador sênior. O evento foi interessante, mas eu estava estressado com minha palestra porque sabia que a maioria do público seria mais versada no assunto do que eu. Imagine um público com vários cientistas, com carreira estabelecida, a maioria de holandeses e trabalhando na área médica, e onde o palestrante...
The New Denial of Imperialism on the Left
Authors: Foster John Bellamy
Published: November 2024

John Bellamy Foster returns to the touchstones of anti-imperialist Marxist thought, found in the works of V. I. Lenin, Samir Amin, and others, in order to confront the rising denial of imperialism on the left. This worldview and its consequences, he writes, has troubling implications not only for the superexploited workers of the periphery, but for all of the workers of the world, and for the internationalist character of contemporary Marxism.
Introduction
Authors: Dausner René W. , Esterbauer Reinhold , Sirovátka Jakub
Published: November 2024

Introduction
Unraveling the redox code to improve physiological research in human health and disease
Authors: Thorley Josh
Published: November 2024

Redox reactions, involving electron transfer, are critical to human physiology. However, progress in understanding redox metabolism is hindered by flawed analytical methods. This review highlights emerging techniques that promise to revolutionize redox research, enhancing our comprehension of human health and disease. Oxygen, vital for aerobic metabolism, also produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. While historically seen as harmful, ROS at low concentrations are now recognized as key regulators of cell signaling. A balance between ROS and antioxidants, known as redox balance, is crucial, and deviations can lead to oxidative stress. Recent studies have distinguished beneficial “oxidative eustress” from harmful “oxidative distress.” New techniques, such as advanced mass spectrometry and high‐throughput immunoassays, offer improved accuracy in measuring redox states and oxidative damage. These advancements are pivotal for understanding redox signaling, cysteine oxidation, and their implications for disease. Looking ahead, the development of precision redox medicine could lead to better treatments for oxidative stress‐related diseases and foster interventions promoting health.
A multimodal deep learning-based algorithm for specific fetal heart rate events detection
Authors: Huang Zhuya , Yu Junsheng , Shan Ying
Published: November 2024

Objectives

This study aims to develop a multimodal deep learning-based algorithm for detecting specific fetal heart rate (FHR) events, to enhance automatic monitoring and intelligent assessment of fetal well-being.

Methods

We analyzed FHR and uterine contraction signals by combining various feature extraction techniques, including morphological features, heart rate variability features, and nonlinear domain features, with deep learning algorithms. This approach enabled us to classify four specific FHR events (bradycardia, tachycardia, acceleration, and deceleration) as well as four distinct deceleration patterns (early, late, variable, and prolonged deceleration). We proposed a multi-model deep neural network and a pre-fusion deep learning model to accurately classify the multimodal parameters derived from Cardiotocography signals.

Results

These accuracy metrics were calculated based on expert-labeled data. The algorithm achieved a classification accuracy of 96.2 % for acceleration, 94.4 % for deceleration, 90.9 % for tachycardia, and 85.8 % for bradycardia. Additionally, it achieved 67.0 % accuracy in classifying the four distinct deceleration patterns, with 80.9 % accuracy for late deceleration and 98.9 % for prolonged deceleration.

Conclusions

The proposed multimodal deep learning algorithm serves as a reliable decision support tool for clinicians, significantly improving the detection and assessment of specific FHR events, which are crucial for fetal health monitoring.
Teaching responsible chemistry: a challenge-based learning framework for the implementation of RRI courses in tertiary chemistry education
Authors: Mehlich Jan
Published: November 2024

Responsible Research & Innovation (RRI) is a concept of professional attitude and agency in the context of innovation with significant expected societal and environmental impact. Yet, the realisation of RRI’s goals faces several methodological and structural difficulties, among them the insufficient implementation of RRI education in STEM majors at higher education institutions. This paper proposes a course concept that aims at filling a gap in the translation of RRI principles into tertiary chemistry education practice. Employing a challenge-based learning (CBL) approach, it draws on a practical framework of RRI as orientation for professional conduct in the context of chemistry (academic research, chemical engineering, and corporate R&D). The highly practical course – with lectures reduced to a minimum – is thematically structured around a fictitious innovation project as it may happen in real-world contexts, potentially in cooperation with local chemical companies and industry. Students form teams, define roles and shared values, identify a challenge of their interest, and are guided through developing and validating a solution. The CBL fashion is expected to lead to a high engagement with the course content, a clear realisation of the practical significance and applicability of the acquired skills, and a change in attitude towards normative dimensions of chemical science and innovation activities. The designated course objectives are the formation of normative literacy, the shaping of professional integrity and good scientific practice, the strengthening of discourse performance skills, and the ability of interdisciplinary collaboration in multi-stakeholder settings.
Hin und zurück?
Authors: Kragl Florian
Published: November 2024

The article focuses on editions of poetry from the prae-Gutenberg galaxis, coined by a doubled transformation process. The first transformation took place when such old texts were written down in (mostly medieval) manuscripts. The second transformation is the modern edition of the texts, based on the extant manuscripts. Modern philological debate suffers from the fact that it is concentrated on this second transformation, which is nowadays mostly seen as problematic, while not taking into account that even the supposedly ‘authentic’ manuscript transmission implies a sometimes even harsh alienation from what might have been the original state of a poem. From the perspective of scholarly editing, we are confronted with the question of which texts we constitute when relying on the principle of ‚Überlieferungsnähe‘, and if there is, as was the belief of editors of the ‘long’ 19th century, a way back behind the transmission. Examples are taken from the German lyric poetry of the 12th and 13th century (‚Minnesang‘).
Kants Critik der Urtheilskraft – neu ediert
Authors: Esser Andrea Marlen
Published: November 2024

Kant’s Critique of Judgement (Critik der Urtheilskraft) is being republished as part of the so-called Academy Edition. The text itself presents far fewer editorial challenges than other writings of Kant. However, this third critique contains an unusual number of examples whose sources and historical contextualisation in the contemporary discussion are the actual challenge of this edition. Last but not least, there is also the question of how to deal with the devaluing and in some cases racist statements in these examples in the context of the edition.
Kompilation, Transformation, Edition
Authors: Ahrens Moritz , Lubrich Oliver , Nehrlich Thomas
Published: November 2024

For a long time, the editorial presentation of Alexander von Humboldt’s œuvre did not do justice to its significance. Only after the publication of the collected papers, articles and essays (2019/21) has it become possible to assess the transformations between his non-book publications and his larger works: Humboldt’s books emerged from his smaller writings and his contributions to journals and periodicals. They were often not conceived as autonomous monographs but were made up of various elements that the author processed in fragmentary and polyphonic forms into polygraphs. Based on this conception of his transformative method of writing and publishing, Humboldt’s Kleinere Schriften, a self-curated collection of his own texts, can now be edited for the first time, complementing the first volume, published in 1853, with the second, whose unpublished manuscripts and proofs are preserved in Berlin and Krakow as well as in the archive of his publisher Cotta in Marbach.
Sorabistische Editionspraxis
Authors: Rehnolt Juliane
Published: November 2024

The article outlines the historical and current framework conditions as well as various guiding principles of the editorial practice of Sorbian literature. Three phases can be identified: the end of the 19th century, the 1960s/70s and the present day. This perspective can identify various areas of tension that have determined editorial activity from the outset, but which are weighted differently in the individual phases and accordingly influence the conception and realisation of the editions. The discussions held here offer important starting points for further theoretical and practical considerations in the field of Sorbian studies.
Die interoperable Edition ‚sub specie durationis‘
Authors: Hegel Philipp , Gengnagel Tessa , Hensen Kilian , Lemke Karoline , Brüning Gerrit
Published: November 2024

The rapid evolution of web technologies presents a challenge regarding the long-term usability of digital editions. Besides graphical web presentation layers, programming interfaces can be considered as a provision layer of such an edition. In this context, the paper investigates the roles that some special formats can play as intermediaries between project-specific data models and interconnected digital resources, specifically highlighting the potential of pivot formats and BEACON. By exploring the dependencies on formats and software for data generation, transformation, and analysis, the paper argues that additional machine-readable formats can improve the durableness and interoperability of digital editions. Regarding sustainability of digital editions in terms of accessibility and usability, however, technical, scholarly, and economic factors must also be taken into consideration.
Historisch-kritisch edieren
Authors: Langkabel Isabel
Published: November 2024

The conditions under which historical-critical editions are created depend on technical, scientific and social factors. The emergence of digitality in the humanities in recent decades has contributed to a change in scholarly editing that is not welcomed by all sides. The article therefore uses exemplary editions to examine the supposed contrast between digital and analog editing and attempts to demonstrate that the editorial approach always depends on the subject matter.
Chronologie, Schichtung, Korrektur: Heiner Müllers Nachlass als Herausforderung seines eigenen Werkverständnisses
Authors: Bremer Kai
Published: November 2024

The article critically relates Heiner Müller’s publication strategies on the one hand and considerations on his conception of his work, his writing processes and his text production on the other hand. Thereby, the following remarks are intended to show that Müller’s statements about his ‘work’ on the one hand and his writing procedures and text production on the other hand cannot be reconciled. A critical edition of his texts must therefore decide whether it attempts to do justice either to Müller’s understanding of authorship and work or to his writing practice. This contradiction is clarified by means of three categories that have been profiled at least since the publication of Gunter Martens’ and Hans Zeller’s important anthology Texte und Varianten (Texts and Variants) more than 50 years ago. The focus is on ‘chronology’ (‚Chronologie‘). In addition, ‘layering’ (‚Schichtung‘) and ‘correction’ (‚Korrektur‘) are considered.
Macroeconomic Productivity Effects of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Saam Marianne
Published: November 2024

Some observers expect that the current wave of new tools based on artificial intelligence (AI) models, such as the large language models, will have strong effects on labor productivity. I present definitions and classifications that help understanding AI as an economic input. I then review theoretical and empirical arguments about macroeconomic productivity effects of AI and conclude that research has so far found no indication that productivity effects of the diffusion of AI are likely to be higher than those associated with the internet boom around the year 2000. While considerable uncertainty around future effects remains, a recent review and calibration exercise by Acemoglu, D. (2024. The Simple Macroeconomics of AI. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper 32487) suggests that the effects might be a lot lower.