bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Obtaining parallax-free X-ray powder diffraction computed tomography data with a self-supervised neural network
Authors: Dong H. , Jacques S. D. M. , Butler K. T. , Gutowski O. , Dippel A.-C. , von Zimmerman M. , Beale A. M. , Vamvakeros A.
Published: September 2024

In this study, we introduce a method designed to eliminate parallax artefacts present in X-ray powder diffraction computed tomography data acquired from large samples. These parallax artefacts manifest as artificial peak shifting, broadening and splitting, leading to inaccurate physicochemical information, such as lattice parameters and crystallite sizes. Our approach integrates a 3D artificial neural network architecture with a forward projector that accounts for the experimental geometry and sample thickness. It is a self-supervised tomographic volume reconstruction approach designed to be chemistry-agnostic, eliminating the need for prior knowledge of the sample’s chemical composition. We showcase the efficacy of this method through its application on both simulated and experimental X-ray powder diffraction tomography data, acquired from a phantom sample and an NMC532 cylindrical lithium-ion battery.
LIANA+ provides an all-in-one framework for cell–cell communication inference
Authors: Dimitrov Daniel , Schäfer Philipp Sven Lars , Farr Elias , Rodriguez-Mier Pablo , Lobentanzer Sebastian , Badia-i-Mompel Pau , Dugourd Aurelien , Tanevski Jovan , Ramirez Flores Ricardo Omar , Saez-Rodriguez Julio
Published: September 2024

The growing availability of single-cell and spatially resolved transcriptomics has led to the development of many approaches to infer cell–cell communication, each capturing only a partial view of the complex landscape of intercellular signalling. Here we present LIANA+, a scalable framework built around a rich knowledge base to decode coordinated inter- and intracellular signalling events from single- and multi-condition datasets in both single-cell and spatially resolved data. By extending and unifying established methodologies, LIANA+ provides a comprehensive set of synergistic components to study cell–cell communication via diverse molecular mediators, including those measured in multi-omics data. LIANA+ is accessible at https://github.com/saezlab/liana-py with extensive vignettes (https://liana-py.readthedocs.io/) and provides an all-in-one solution to intercellular communication inference.
Long-term engrafting multilineage hematopoietic cells differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Ng Elizabeth S. , Sarila Gulcan , Li Jacky Y. , Edirisinghe Hasindu S. , Saxena Ritika , Sun Shicheng , Bruveris Freya F. , Labonne Tanya , Sleebs Nerida , Maytum Alexander , Yow Raymond Y. , Inguanti Chantelle , Motazedian Ali , Calvanese Vincenzo , Capellera-Garcia Sandra , Ma Feiyang , Nim Hieu T. , Ramialison Mirana , Bonifer Constanze , Mikkola Hanna K. A. , Stanley Edouard G. , Elefanty Andrew G.
Published: September 2024

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) have important biomedical applications. We identified differentiation conditions that generate HSCs defined by robust long-term multilineage engraftment in immune-deficient NOD,B6.PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Wjl/SzJKitW41/W41 mice. We guided differentiating iPS cells, as embryoid bodies in a defined culture medium supplemented with retinyl acetate, through HOXA-patterned mesoderm to hemogenic endothelium specified by bone morphogenetic protein 4 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Removal of VEGF facilitated an efficient endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition, evidenced by release into the culture medium of CD34+ blood cells, which were cryopreserved. Intravenous transplantation of two million thawed CD34+ cells differentiated from four independent iPS cell lines produced multilineage bone marrow engraftment in 25–50% of immune-deficient recipient mice. These functionally defined, multipotent CD34+ hematopoietic cells, designated iPS cell-derived HSCs (iHSCs), produced levels of engraftment similar to those achieved following umbilical cord blood transplantation. Our study provides a step toward the goal of generating HSCs for clinical translation.
Global stability and bifurcations in a mathematical model for the waste plastic management in the ocean
Authors: Parsamanesh Mahmood , Izadi Mohammad
Published: September 2024

The use of plastic is very widespread in the world and the spread of plastic waste has also reached the oceans. Observing marine debris is a serious threat to the management system of this pollution. Because it takes years to recycle the current wastes, while their amount increases every day. The importance of mathematical models for plastic waste management is that it provides a framework for understanding the dynamics of this waste in the ocean and helps to identify effective strategies for its management. A mathematical model consisting of three compartments plastic waste, marine debris, and recycle is studied in the form of a system of ordinary differential equations. After describing the formulation of the model, some properties of the model are given. Then the equilibria of the model and the basic reproduction number are obtained by the next generation matrix method. In addition, the global stability of the model are proved at the equilibria. The bifurcations of the model and sensitivity analysis are also used for better understanding of the dynamics of the model. Finally, the numerical simulations of discussed models are given and the model is examined in several aspects. It is proven that the solutions of the system are positive if initial values are positive. It is shown that there are two equilibria $$E^0$$

E
0

and $$E^*$$

E
∗

and if $${{\mathcal {B}}}{{\mathcal {R}}}<1$$

B
R
<
1

, it is proven that $$E^0$$

E
0

is globally stable, while when $${{\mathcal {B}}}{{\mathcal {R}}}>1$$

B
R
>
1

, the equilibrium $$E^*$$

E
∗

exists and it is globally stable. Also, at $${{\mathcal {B}}}{{\mathcal {R}}}=1$$

B
R
=
1

the model exhibits a forward bifurcation. The sensitivity analysis of $${{\mathcal {B}}}{{\mathcal {R}}}$$

B
R

concludes that the rates of waste to marine, new waste, and the recycle rate have most effect on the amount of marine debris.
Mapping climate suitability index for rainfed cultivation of medicinal plants by developing an AI-based probabilistic framework
Authors: Sadeghfam Sina , Rahmani Mohammad Sina , Moazamnia Marjan , Morshedloo Mohammad Reza
Published: September 2024

The Climate Suitability Index (CSI) can increase agricultural efficiency by identifying the high-potential areas for cultivation from the climate perspective. The present study develops a probabilistic framework to calculate CSI for rainfed cultivation of 12 medicinal plants from the climate perspective of precipitation and temperature. Unlike the ongoing frameworks based on expert judgments, this formulation decreases the inherent subjectivity by using two components: frequency analysis and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). In the first component, the precipitation and temperature layers were prepared by calculating the occurrence probability for each plant, and the obtained probabilities were spatially interpolated using geographical information system processes. In the second component, PSO quantifies CSI by classifying a study area into clusters using an unsupervised clustering technique. The formulation was implemented in the Lake Urmia basin, which was distressed by unsustainable water resources management. By identifying clusters with higher CSI values for each plant, the results provide deeper insights to optimize cultivation patterns in the basin. These insights can help managers and farmers increase yields, reduce costs, and improve profitability.
Cell surface RNA virus nucleocapsid proteins: a viral strategy for immunosuppression?
Authors: López-Muñoz Alberto Domingo , Yewdell Jonathan W.
Published: September 2024

Nucleocapsid protein (N), or nucleoprotein (NP) coats the genome of most RNA viruses, protecting and shielding RNA from cytosolic RNAases and innate immune sensors, and plays a key role in virion biogenesis and viral RNA transcription. Often one of the most highly expressed viral gene products, N induces strong antibody (Ab) and T cell responses. N from different viruses is present on the infected cell surface in copy numbers ranging from tens of thousands to millions per cell, and it can be released to bind to uninfected cells. Surface N is targeted by Abs, which can contribute to viral clearance via Fc-mediated cellular cytotoxicity. Surface N can modulate host immunity by sequestering chemokines (CHKs), extending prior findings that surface N interferes with innate and adaptive immunity. In this review, we consider aspects of surface N cell biology and immunology and describe its potential as a target for anti-viral intervention.
Focal cortical dysplasia (type II) detection with multi-modal MRI and a deep-learning framework
Authors: Shankar Anand , Saikia Manob Jyoti , Dandapat Samarendra , Barma Shovan
Published: September 2024

Focal cortical dysplasia type II (FCD-II) is a prominent cortical development malformation associated with drug-resistant epileptic seizures that leads to lifelong cognitive impairment. Efficient MRI, followed by its analysis (e.g., cortical abnormality distinction, precise localization assistance, etc.) plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and supervision (e.g., presurgery planning and postoperative care) of FCD-II. Involving machine learning techniques particularly, deep-learning (DL) approaches, could enable more effective analysis techniques. We performed a comprehensive study by choosing six different well-known DL models, three image planes (axial, coronal, and sagittal) of two MRI modalities (T1w and FLAIR), demographic characteristics (age and sex) and clinical characteristics (brain hemisphere and lobes) to identify a suitable DL model for analysing FCD-II. The outcomes show that the DenseNet201 model is more suitable because of its superior classification accuracy, high-precision, F1-score, and large area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and precision–recall (PR) curve.
Can we develop a more targeted approach to mitigating seismic risk?
Authors: Xin Danhua , Zhang Zhenguo , Chen Bo , Wenzel Friedemann , Li Yilong , Chen Xiaofei
Published: September 2024

The recent high death tolls caused by large earthquakes are a further indication that earthquakes remain one of the most destructive natural hazards in the world and can seriously threaten the achievement of disaster reduction goals. To effectively reduce the existing seismic risk, the limited available mitigation resources should be allocated to areas with the most severe potential risk. However, identifying localized concentrations of risk requires detailed studies. Here, we propose a strategy to delineate regional high seismic risk zone at a fine resolution and with high confidence. We demonstrate this strategy by using the seismic hazard and loss estimation results for earthquake scenarios with a magnitude of Mw 7.5 for the Jiaocheng fault of the Shanxi Rift System, China. Our analyses reveal that the delineated zone accounts for only ~7% of the regional land area but for ~85% of the total financial loss. We recommend prioritizing seismic risk mitigation measures in such high-risk zones, especially for densely populated cities in seismically active areas, to better meet the disaster risk reduction targets in the Sendai Framework.
Polarization management in silicon photonics
Authors: Shahwar Dura , Yoon Hoon Hahn , Akkanen Suvi-Tuuli , Li Diao , Muntaha Sidra tul , Cherchi Matteo , Aalto Timo , Sun Zhipei
Published: September 2024

Polarization management plays a key role in various applications, such as optical communications, imaging, and sensing. It not only mitigates detrimental effects (e.g., polarization mode dispersion in optical communication) but also enables advanced functionalities, such as polarization multiplexing and optical isolation. Herein, we review the state-of-the-art approaches for on-chip polarization management. Additionally, we discuss strategies for developing non-reciprocal photonic devices and the challenges associated with monolithic integration in photonics circuits.
Correction: A layered cancer-on-a-chip system for anticancer drug screening and disease modeling
Authors: Flont Magdalena , Mackiewicz Zuzanna , Białek Marta , Dybko Artur , Jastrzębska Elżbieta
Published: September 2024

Correction for ‘A layered cancer-on-a-chip system for anticancer drug screening and disease modeling’ by Magdalena Flont et al., Analyst, 2023, 148, 5486–5495, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3AN00959A.
Savitzky–Golay processing and bidimensional plotting of current–time signals from stochastic blocking electrochemistry to analyze mixtures of rod-shaped bacteria
Authors: Tubbs Ashley , Ahmed Junaid U. , Christopher Jayani , Alvarez Julio C.
Published: September 2024

Rod-shaped bacteria generate single-steps when blocking reactions at ultramicroelectrodes. A Savitzky–Golay filter renders easy-to-integrate peaks providing step current (Δi) and duration (Δt) to analyze bacterial mixtures using bidimensional plots.
Magnetic solid-phase extraction coupled with LC-MS/MS methods for the simple extraction and rapid determination of sugammadex in human plasma
Authors: Wang Yanan , Qu Yinyin , Jiang Yi , Li Zhuo , Hou Xiaofei , Yang Li , Zhao Libo , Xiong Xin , Xu Mao
Published: September 2024

Magnetic solid-phase extraction was adopted to prepare samples. The merits of our method were simple operation, rapid, low burden and “greenness”.
A hemin/rGO/MWCNT nanocomposite-based dual signal electrochemical aptasensor for sensitive detection of NSE
Authors: Wei Huyue , Yang Mingzhu , Huang Chengshuai , Yue Xiaojie , Cai Jiabin , Wang Xinyi , Fan Kai , Dong Linxi , Wang Gaofeng , Li Dujuan
Published: September 2024

Neuron-specific enolase (NSE), a tumor marker of small cell lung cancer (SCLC), has high application value in the early diagnosis of SCLC.
Tensile mechanical analysis in cultural heritage
Authors: Analytical Methods Committee, AMCTB No. 115
Published: September 2024

Mechanical analysis, such as tensile testing, in cultural heritage looks at materials such as textiles, paper and cement, focusing on properties such as their strength and elasticity. It is used to monitor changes and assess conservation materials.
Synthesis of dispiro-orthoester via an acetal oxo-carbenium ion
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Singh Shubham , Subramanian Parthasarathi
Published: September 2024

The first dispiro orthoester via a spiroacetal oxo-carbenium ion is presented.
Chemoselective deoxygenative α-arylation of carboxylic acids, amides, and esters: synthesis of anesthetic and anti-inflammatory compounds
Authors: Khan Jabir , Tyagi Aparna , Samanta Rima , Hazra Chinmoy Kumar
Published: September 2024

A metal-free strategy has been developed for the α-arylation of carboxylic acids, secondary amides, and esters employing arenes as key reagents.
A Ni@C nanowire-enabled photothermal membrane for highly efficient solar-driven interfacial water purification
Authors: Yang Cailin , Huang Limingming , Han Kai
Published: September 2024

Ni@C nanowires are in situ grown and assembled into a superhydrophobic photothermal conversion membrane, exhibiting high solar-driven interfacial evaporation performance.
Rational design of a red-light absorbing ruthenium polypyridine complex as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy
Authors: Fennes Alessia , Montesdeoca Nicolás , Papadopoulos Zisis , Karges Johannes
Published: September 2024

This study details the computer-guided design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a Ru(ii) polypyridine complex for PDT. The complex can be excited with red light at 630 nm, showing great potential for treating large or deep-seated tumors.
Switching from positive to negative thermal expansion in a tetrayne-diol compound
Authors: Sethi Tapaswini , Das Dinabandhu
Published: September 2024

Switching from positive to negative thermal expansion has been observed in 1,1′-(octa-1,3,5,7-tetrayne-1,8-diyl)dicyclopentanol due to a certain packing pattern and transverse vibration of atoms.
Collisional excitation of propargylimine by helium: new ab initio 3D-potential energy surfaces and scattering calculations
Authors: Tebai Yosra , Ben Khalifa Malek , Khadri Fehmi , Hammami Kamel
Published: September 2024

Propargylimine cross sections and rates induced by collision with He were computed for total energies up to 500 cm−1.
Photoisomerization mechanism of iminoguanidinium receptors from spectroscopic methods and quantum chemical calculations
Authors: Dang Duy-Khoi , Einkauf Jeffrey D. , Ma Xinyou , Custelcean Radu , Ma Ying-Zhong , Zimmerman Paul M. , Bryantsev Vyacheslav S.
Published: September 2024

The multiconfigurational reaction path features a small barrier for a pyridine-appended iminoguanidinium photoswitch from the Franck–Condon geometry of the E isomer in the π–π* state to the ground state Z photoproduct via the conical intersection.
Interfacial band bending and suppressing deep level defects via Eu-MOF-mediated cathode buffer layer in an MA-free inverted perovskite solar cell with high fill factor
Authors: Imran Tahir , Aziz Hafiz Sartaj , Iftikhar Tayyaba , Ahmad Munir , Xie Haibing , Su Zhenghua , Yan Peiguang , Liu Zonghao , Liang Guangxing , Chen Wei , Chen Shuo
Published: September 2024

To solve the problem of deep-level surface defects, lead thiocyanate is utilized in FACsPbI3 absorber. Additionally, a novel Eu-MOF was integrated into the buffer layer to regulate band alignment while impeding the hole backflow at the back cathode.
Unleashing the power of cobalt pyroborate: superior performance in sulfate radical advanced oxidation processes
Authors: Lin En-Xuan , Wu Fang-Yu , Zhu Yu-Lun , Chang Yu-Rong , Wu Po-Yi , Keng Pei Yuin
Published: September 2024

The Co2B2O5/PMS system demonstrates superior efficiency in degrading persistent organic pollutants, surpassing traditional CoO and Co3O4 catalysts, making it a promising solution for industrial wastewater treatment.
Carbon quantum dot (CQD)-dithizone-based thin-film chemical sensors for the specific detection of lead ions in water resources
Authors: Vyas Tanmay , Kumar Hritik , Choudhary Sandeep , Joshi Abhijeet
Published: September 2024

Dithizone-CQD-based thin-film chemical sensors for the detection of lead ions in various water resources.
Effects of Mao tea from Nankun Mountain on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice
Authors: Zhang Weitao , Feng Lianshun , Li Peng , Wang Aoyi , Dai Chunyan , Qi Yajuan , Lu Junfeng , Xu Xiaojun
Published: September 2024

Mao tea from Nankun Mountain alleviates NAFLD by inhibiting de novo lipid synthesis and the NF-κB pathway. The bioactive components group from MT plays the main role against NAFLD.
Micromixer driven by bubble-induced acoustic microstreaming for multi-ink 3D bioprinting
Authors: Hidaka Mitsuyuki , Kojima Masaru , Sakai Shinji
Published: September 2024

An on-chip bubble-induced acoustic micromixer was developed for 3D bioprinting, achieving efficient mixing and excellent cell compatibility during the printing process.
Epsilon-near-zero thin films in a dual-functional system for thermal infrared camouflage and thermal management within the atmospheric window
Authors: Hsieh Pei-Chi , Chang Sih-Wei , Kung Wei-Hsuan , Hsiao Tzu-Chieh , Chen Hsuen-Li
Published: September 2024

A new structure design was proposed by combining metallic glass with epsilon-near-zero thin films to achieve a dual-function system for infrared camouflage and thermal management within the atmospheric window.
Synergistic atom co-sharing and S-scheme heterojunction: constructing Cu/CuO/Cu2O with ultrathin graphene-like carbon derived from basil seeds for enhanced photo-oxidation of benzyl alcohols to aldehydes
Authors: Nalkyashree Zahra Kohansal , Koukabi Nadiya , Dashtian Kheibar , Seidi Farzad
Published: September 2024

This study is centered on the oxidative transformation of alcohols into their respective aldehyde compounds, employing an atom co-sharing and S-scheme heterostructure featuring CuO/Cu2O on graphene-like carbon derived from a basil seed hydrogel.
In situ FTIR spectroscopic investigations on rhodium carbonyl complexes in the absence of phosphorus ligands under hydroformylation conditions
Authors: Leidecker Benedict N. , Fuentes Dilver Peña , Wei Chunhong , Sawall Mathias , Neymeyr Klaus , Franke Robert , Börner Armin , Kubis Christoph
Published: September 2024

The composition of mixtures of rhodium carbonyl complexes in the absence of P-ligands under varying conditions relevant for hydroformylation have been studied by in situ FTIR spectroscopy.
Synthesis of imidazole-fused pentacyclic pyrrolo[3,4-c]coumarins via base-promoted rearrangement of coumarin-substituted N-heterocyclic carbene precursors
Authors: Karataş Mert Olgun , Özdemir Namık , Küçükbay Hasan
Published: September 2024

The stoichiometric reaction between coumarin-substituted N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors and Pd(OAc)2, in the presence of an external base, yielded imidazole-fused pentacyclic pyrrolo[3,4-c]coumarin derivatives.
Prediction of the two-dimensional ferromagnetic semiconductor Janus 2H-ZrTeI monolayer with large valley and piezoelectric polarizations
Authors: Li Jie , Chen Ya-Qing , Yuan Hong-Kuan , Tian Chun-Ling
Published: September 2024

Two-dimensional room-temperature Janus ferrovalley semiconductors with valley polarization and piezoelectric polarization offer new perspectives for designing multifunctional nanodevices.
An interplay between metal–fullerene and metal–metal bonding in molecular magnetism of erbium metallofullerenes
Authors: Zaripov Ruslan B. , Liu Fupin , Rosenkranz Marco , Barbosa Matheus Felipe de Souza , Kandrashkin Yuri E. , Kataev Vladislav , Avdoshenko Stanislav M. , Popov Alexey A.
Published: September 2024

An interplay between magnetic anisotropy, Er⋯Er coupling, and bonding interactions in erbium mono- and dimetallofullerenes is studied by EPR, photoluminescence, SQUID magnetometry, and ab initio calculations.
Utilizing machine learning to enhance performance of thin-film solar cells based on Sb2(SxSe1−x)3: investigating the influence of material properties
Authors: Khan Tanvir Mahtab , Saidani Okba , Ahmed Sheikh Rashel Al
Published: September 2024

Herein, SCAPS-1D is used to model a novel Cd-free Sb2(S,Se)3 TFSC. The proposed Sb2(S,Se)3 cell with Cu2O HTL and WS2 ETL reduces carrier recombination loss. An efficiency of 30.18% is obtained. This study also focuses on implementation of ML method.
Bridging the size gap between experiment and theory: large-scale DFT calculations on realistic sized Pd particles for acetylene hydrogenation
Authors: Kordatos Apostolos , Mohammed Khaled , Vakili Reza , Manyar Haresh , Goguet Alexandre , Gibson Emma , Carravetta Marina , Wells Peter , Skylaris Chris-Kriton
Published: September 2024

The hydrogenation of acetylene on entire large Pd/PdCx nanoparticles has been investigated via large-scale DFT simulations. The impact of interstitial C has been examined whilst addressing the challenge of the simulation system size.
Evaluating layer contributions and salt coating effects on mask performance
Authors: Han Sumin , Maliksi Caitlyn , Oh Euna , Kumaran Surjith , Lee Kyu Hyoung , Ko Dae-Hong , Choi Hyo-Jick
Published: September 2024

A stack of salt-coated spunbond fabrics can significantly enhance filtration performance when used as a cover over a mask or as the outermost layer.
Molybdenum tungsten hydrogen oxide doped with phosphorus for enhanced oxygen/hydrogen evolution reactions
Authors: Ullah Sana , Hussain Asif , Farid Muhammad Asim , Irfan Shaheen , Amin Roohul , Fouda Ahmed M. , Nazir Atif , Hou Dehua , Zou Ji-Jun , Du Shangfeng , Tahir Muhammad
Published: September 2024

The development of efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER) is pivotal for advancing cleaner and sustainable fuel production technologies.
Unlocking the value of food waste: sustainable production of ethylene glycol over low-cost Ni–W catalysts supported on glucose-derived carbons
Authors: Ribeiro Lucília Sousa , Morais Rafael Gomes , Órfão José Joaquim de Melo , Pereira Manuel Fernando Ribeiro
Published: September 2024

Low-cost Ni–W catalysts supported on glucose-based carbons were efficient for the sustainable ethylene glycol production directly from cellulose and wastes.
Synergistic effect of the PMIA nanofiber membrane with a dual-oriented network structure and Li0.5Bi0.5TiO3 nanofibers for high-performance lithium metal batteries
Authors: Peng Zhaozhao , Deng Nanping , Feng Xiaofan , Kang Junbao , Wang Shuaishuai , Zheng Tinglu , Cheng Bowen , Kang Weimin
Published: September 2024

Solid-state lithium metal batteries are favored for their superior energy density and safety compared to liquid batteries.
Spider-web-structured CNTs/CuS coating-based flexible pressure sensor with extreme self-heating and anti-freezing ability as a safeguard for winter sports
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Cheng Junyin , Song Bo , Linghu Shun , Tang Yijun , Li Qing , Chen Lei
Published: September 2024

Our design starts from a simple coating process, and the obtained flexible pressure sensor that can be applied to various garments. It is noteworthy that it can monitor physiological signals stably in extreme cold environments.
A route for determining absorption and emission cross-sections of rare-earth luminescence centers based on McCumber theory and Einstein coefficients
Authors: Sha Xuezhu , Chen Xin , Gao Duan , Wang Li , Zhang Yanqiu , Zhang Xizhen , Zhang Jinsu , Xu Sai , Cao Yongze , Wang Yichao , Li Xiangping , Yu Hongquan , Chen Baojiu , Chen Wei
Published: September 2024

McCumber theory describes the relationship between the absorption cross-section and the emission cross-section of ionic luminescence centers. This theory is frequently used for determining absorption and emission cross-sections.
Human E3 ubiquitin ligases: accelerators and brakes for SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Pellman Jesse , Goldstein Anna , Słabicki Mikołaj
Published: September 2024

E3 ubiquitin ligases regulate the composition of the proteome. These enzymes mono- or poly-ubiquitinate their substrates, directly altering protein function or targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. In this review, we discuss the opposing roles of human E3 ligases as effectors and targets in the evolutionary battle between host and pathogen, specifically in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Through complex effects on transcription, translation, and protein trafficking, human E3 ligases can either attenuate SARS-CoV-2 infection or become vulnerabilities that are exploited by the virus to suppress the host's antiviral defenses. For example, the human E3 ligase RNF185 regulates the stability of SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, and depletion of RNF185 significantly increases SARS-CoV-2 viral titer (iScience (2023) 26, 106601). We highlight recent advances that identify functions for numerous human E3 ligases in the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle and we assess their potential as novel antiviral agents.
Improving the performance of grid‐connected inverters during asymmetrical faults and unbalanced grid voltages
Authors: Shabani Sepideh , Gholipour Mehdi , Niroomand Mehdi
Published: September 2024

The increasing penetration of the distributed energy resources (DER) in the power grid, which, while having significant advantages, also pose significant challenges. The behaviors of DERs differ from those of synchronous generators, particularly in abnormal conditions. For this reason, the power grid enforces grid codes to ensure that DERs perform properly in different conditions. For instance, short circuit faults and unbalanced grid voltage are severe transient events that inverters need to be able to pass through without disconnecting from the grid. Furthermore, the inverters are required to support the grid voltage by regulating the active and reactive power injections. This article proposes a voltage support control scheme to support grid voltage during asymmetrical voltage drop by utilizing an optimization problem. In this optimization problem, the active and reactive powers injected into the grid will be obtained optimally by considering constraints such as instantaneous active and reactive power oscillation magnitudes and peak current limitation. To aid in this purpose, the corresponding mathematical formulations such as instantaneous active and reactive power oscillation magnitudes will be obtained by using the currents and voltages in stationary reference frame. The proposed scheme will be verified by simulating it in MATLAB/Simulink under three different scenarios and tested on a real‐time experimental Opal‐RT platform.
Miniaturised ultra‐wideband circular polarised koch fractal crossed dipole array
Authors: Choi Won Min , Jeong Taeyong , Lee Dong Hwan , Kim Jun Hee , Lee Dong Geun , Hwang Keum Cheol
Published: September 2024

Ultra‐wideband (UWB) systems utilise a broad frequency spectrum to achieve high data transmission rates and enhanced precision, creating a demand for specialised UWB antennas. Circularly Polarised (CP) antennas are considered essential for maintaining robust performance under varied environmental conditions. Among them, the crossed dipole is effective for UWB CP applications, but its relatively large size could limit its use in various systems. A miniaturised crossed dipole design employing the Koch fractal structure is proposed and the measurement results are presented. The prototype antenna achieved an effective bandwidth covering 88% of the frequency range from 1.4 to 3.6 GHz. Additionally, a 4 × 4 array using this design was tested in the same frequency band, demonstrating beam‐steering capabilities up to 30°. The proposed antenna has demonstrated effective deployment in diverse communication systems and phased array applications within ultra‐wideband (UWB) CP environments.
Impact of silicon carbide, boron nitride, and zirconium dioxide nanoparticles on ester‐based dielectric fluids
Authors: Khan Syed Ahmad , Khan Suhaib Ahmad , Rahman Obaidur , Masood Aejaz , Khan Asfar Ali , Zuberi Mujib Ullah , Bakhsh Farhad Ilahi , Islam Md. Rasidul
Published: September 2024

This research study investigates the influence of various nanoparticles on the dielectric breakdown voltage, oil dissipation factor, viscosity, and thermal conductivity of nanofluids. Nanofluids were prepared using synthetic ester oil as the base fluid, and three nanoparticles, silicon carbide (SiC), boron nitride (BN), and zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), were added at different concentrations (0.125 wt%, 0.250 wt%, and 0.375 wt%), which are basically the nano‐sized powder that can be blended in the oil. The dielectric breakdown voltage testing was conducted to evaluate the electrical performance of the nanofluids. Additionally, rheological measurements were performed to study the kinematic viscosity, while thermal conductivity was determined using appropriate techniques. The enhancements in each property were evaluated and compared for the different nanoparticle concentrations and types. Previous studies focused only on the investigation of the electrical properties of nanofluids. However, in the present study, the electrical as well as thermo‐physical characterisation of nanofluids is performed and analysed as they directly affect the cooling performance of transformers. The results provide dielectric and thermo‐physical characterisation that exhibit excellent insulation and cooling functionalities and valuable insights into the potential applications of nanofluids as dielectrics in various high‐voltage electrical equipment. ZrO2 and SiC nanoparticles exhibited a reduction in the oil dissipation factor. SiC consistently improved breakdown voltage (Bdv), while ZrO2 nanoparticles showed concentration‐dependent effects, enhancing Bdv at low concentrations but degrading it at higher ones. Unexpectedly, nanoparticle dispersion and lubrication effects can lead to viscosity reductions, countering conventional expectations. Surprisingly, at the highest concentration, the thermal conductivity decreases compared to the lower nano‐concentrations in synthetic ester oil.
Integrated substrate gap waveguide millimetre‐wave filtering antenna with four controllable radiation nulls
Authors: Hui Ming , Li Liang , Jiang Pei , Zhang Meng , Wang Yongjie
Published: September 2024

This study proposed a millimetre‐wave integrated substrate gap waveguide (ISGW) filtering antenna featuring four adjustable radiation nulls, with two located within each of its upper and lower stop bands. These nulls can be tuned by altering the dimensions of stepped‐impedance resonators, complementary U‐slots, and passive coplanar parasitic patches. Antennas offer the benefits of individually adjustable radiation nulls and the flexible modification of selectivity and gain curve roll‐off. Simulation results indicated that the antenna operated at a central frequency of 25.4 GHz, with a relative bandwidth of 14.3% (23.76–27.04 GHz), and attained an average gain of 7.6 dBi.
The Psematismenos-Maroni Basin (South Cyprus): Cenozoic tectonic and sedimentary evolution
Authors: Mocochain Ludovic , Blanpied Christian , Révillon Sidonie , Suc Jean-Pierre , Müller Carla , Carmen Melinte-Dobrinescu Mihaela
Published: September 2024

The Tertiary regressive sedimentary succession, which forms the sedimentary cover of the Troodos Ophiolitic Massif, was studied in the Psematismenos-Maroni Basin in Southern Cyprus. A series of unconformity surfaces were identified based on key surfaces, morphologies, and sedimentary facies. These observations are reinforced by numerous new biostratigraphic datings mainly based on calcareous nannofossil analysis. Unsuspected biostratigraphic hiatuses ranging from million to dozens of millions of years are illustrated. Some unconformity surfaces are tectonically enhanced leading to the emersion of this basin.
In addition, our work highlights the importance of the Messinian Salinity Crisis in the shaping of an onshore erosion surface in Cyprus as it is the case in the Sorbas basin in the western Mediterranean.
Constrained by new datings, this work finally proposes a tectono-stratigraphic calendar for the Psematismenos-Maroni Basin, starting from the Paleogene Lefkara Formation up to the first alluvial deposits at the end of the Neogene.
Long-term decline of whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) population in the boreal lake Pyhäjärvi, southwest Finland, relative to simultaneous abiotic and biotic changes
Authors: Sarvala Jouko , Helminen Harri , Karjalainen Juha , Marjomäki Timo J. , Forsman Tero , Anttila Lauri
Published: September 2024

In recent decades many lake fish populations have faced complex pressures particularly due to climate warming and eutrophication. In Lake Pyhäjärvi, southwest Finland, profound changes have occurred in the commercial winter fisheries targeting the coregonids vendace,Coregonus albula, and whitefish,Coregonus lavaretus. The responses of vendace have been examined earlier, and here the detailed analyses are extended to the whitefish. In the 1970s and 1980s, the coregonid fishery was sustainable, but in 1991–1998, intense exploitation led to recruitment overfishing of vendace. Despite temporarily improved growth and recruitment of whitefish during vendace decline, whitefish population biomass declined throughout the study period, while perch (Perca fluviatilis), roach (Rutilus rutilus) and ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus) increased and vendace and smelt (Osmerus eperlanus) maintained their abundance. As many other northern lakes, Pyhäjärvi seems to be changing from coregonid to perch dominance due to climate warming and eutrophication. Whitefish decline was associated with decreases in fecundity, winter survival of embryos, and larval density. The spawning stock was kept small by intensive fishery. The decline of the relative fecundity was likely due to food competition with vendace and especially the perch and roach populations that increased with eutrophication and more frequent hot summers. The winter survival of whitefish embryos decreased when the introduced signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) increased. Despite decreasing fishing effort in the 2000s the larval numbers continued to decline. In the prevailing circumstances in Pyhäjärvi, whitefish will with high probability remain as a minor and still declining species of the fish assemblage.
Les modèles socio-économiques des associations : le cas des associations sportives des hauts de France
Authors: Carin Yann , Hamonier Julien , Sallé Loic
Published: September 2024

Les études menées sur les associations sportives se concentrent exclusivement sur leur modèle économique sans appréhender le projet associatif, les ressources humaines et les alliances avec leur écosystème. La littérature actuelle invite à dépasser la notion de modèle économique pour celle de modèle socio-économique. La recherche participative menée avec les acteurs du mouvement sportif des Hauts de France a permis de collecter les données auprès d’un échantillon de 1046 associations sportives. Les statistiques descriptives et les différents tests statistiques mettent en évidence des liens entre différentes variables et le budget de l’association sportive. Les principaux résultats montrent en quoi les ressources humaines, le profil du Président, les alliances avec l’écosystème sont essentielles pour assurer un niveau de ressources financières nécessaires au développement du projet associatif et à la pérennité de l’association. L’étude permet une meilleure connaissance des modèles socio-économiques des associations d’un secteur peu investigué, celui du sport. D’un point de vue managérial, cette recherche doit aider les associations à mieux répondre aux challenges et aux crises auxquels elles sont confrontées. Les acteurs impliqués peuvent y trouver les moyens de définir des politiques de soutien et d’accompagnement adaptées à chaque modèle.
Risikofaktoren für eine Kniehyperextension bei erwachsenen Menschen mit Zustand nach Schlaganfall
Authors: Henschel Katrin , Gulde Philipp
Published: September 2024

Hintergrund Die Kniehyperextension ist ein häufig auftretendes Störungsbild bei erwachsenen Menschen mit Zustand nach Schlaganfall. Die Ursachen dessen lassen sich bisher nur anhand einzelner Forschungsarbeiten vermuten, sind jedoch nicht gezielt und multimodal untersucht worden.

Ziel Es sollen die Risikofaktoren einer Knieüberstreckung ermittelt werden.

Methode Die Querschnittsstudie erfolgte als einmalige Erhebung bei erwachsenen Personen mit Zustand nach Schlaganfall. Als Prädiktoren einer Kniehyperextension wurden in einer logistischen Regression (Vorwärtsselektion) die relative Kraft der unteren Extremität sowie Propriozeption, Spastik, Balance und Rumpfkontrolle herangezogen.

Ergebnisse Von 32 eingeschlossene Teilnehmenden zeigten 16 eine Hyperextension und 16 keine Hyperextension. Das Alter der Teilnehmenden lag bei 49–78 Jahren, 53 Prozent waren weiblich, in 94 Prozent der Fälle handelte es sich um einen ischämischen, zugrundeliegenden Schlaganfall in der subakuten bis chronischen Phase (24–402 Tage seit Vorfall). Eine Kniehyperextension konnte sensitiv (0,81) sowie spezifisch (0,81) durch eine Reduktion der relativen Knieextensionskraft des betroffenen Beines (OR = 0,13 pro 1Nm/kg) in Kombination mit einem Defizit der Tiefensensibilität (OR = 1,52 pro 1°) vorhergesagt werden.

Schlussfolgerung Eine mögliche Genese eines Hyperextensionsverhaltens ist eine geringe propriozeptive Auflösung. Da eine Unterstreckung bei geringer Beinkraft zu Stürzen führen kann, wäre eine Hyperextension eine Sicherheits- bzw. Kompensationsstrategie. Aus den Ergebnissen lassen sich erste Handlungsempfehlungen für die Praxis vermuten, diese sollten jedoch in weiteren Studien validiert werden.
Pitfall: Fall einer malignen echoreichen Brustläsion in der Sonographie
Authors: Becker Lena Sophie , Belder Daniel , Wienbeck Susanne
Published: September 2024

Einleitung Der Ultraschall stellt in der Brustkrebsdiagnostik ein wichtiges und etabliertes Untersuchungsverfahren dar. Der additive Einsatz des Ultraschalls zusätzlich zur Mammografie kann bei Frauen mit einem durchschnittlichen Brustkrebsrisiko zu einer Steigerung der Detektionsrate im Mammografie-Screening führen. Im Mammografie-Screening kommt dieses Verfahren in der Abklärungsdiagnostik zum Einsatz.

Fallbeschreibung Wir berichten über eine 65-jährige, postmenopausale Frau mit einem invasiven Mammakarzinom, das sich sonografisch als echoreiche Läsion im Rahmen der Abklärungsdiagnostik im Mammografie-Screening-Programm zeigte.

Schlussfolgerung In der täglichen Praxis kann ein breites Spektrum benigner und maligner echoreicher Brustläsionen angetroffen werden, was die Notwendigkeit einer sorgfältigen und gründlichen Beurteilung aller Ultraschallmerkmale zusammen mit den klinischen und mammografischen Befunden unterstreicht. Zur Kategorisierung der erhobenen Brustläsion sollte dabei der Befund im Ultraschall zusammen mit der Mammografie korreliert werden. Für die endgültige Diagnosesicherung ist die histologische Abklärung mittels Biopsie zielführend.
Nulliparous with Class III Obesity at Term: Labor Induction or Cesarean Delivery without Labor
Authors: Bart Yossi , Wiley Rachel L. , Ghose Ipsita , Bartal Michal Fishel , Chahine Khalil M. , Chauhan Suneet P. , Blackwell Sean , Sibai Baha M.
Published: September 2024

Objective This study aimed to compare maternal and neonatal outcomes between labor induction versus cesarean delivery (CD) without labor among nulliparous individuals with class III obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥40 kg/m2).

Study Design A retrospective cohort study of all nulliparous singleton deliveries at ≥37 weeks with a BMI of ≥40 kg/m2 at delivery between March 2020 and February 2022. We excluded individuals with spontaneous labor, fetal malformations, and stillbirths. The primary outcome was a composite of maternal mortality and morbidity, including infectious and hemorrhagic morbidity. The secondary outcome was a neonatal composite. A subgroup analysis evaluated patients with a BMI of ≥50 kg/m2. Another subgroup analysis compared outcomes between CD without labor and an indicated CD following induction. A multivariable logistic regression was applied. For adjustment, we used possible confounders identified in a univariate analysis.

Results Among 8,623 consecutive deliveries during the study period, 308 (4%) met the inclusion criteria. Among them, 250 (81%) underwent labor induction, and 58 (19%) had a CD without labor. The most common indications for CD without labor were fetal malpresentation (26; 45%), suspected macrosomia (8; 14%), and previous myomectomy (5; 9%). Indicated CD occurred in 140 (56%) of the induced individuals, with the two leading indications being labor arrest (87; 62%) and non-reassuring fetal heart rate tracing (51; 36%). The rates of composite maternal morbidity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.14, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.64–7.13) and composite neonatal morbidity (aOR = 3.62, 95% CI: 0.42–31.19) did not differ following a CD without labor compared to labor induction. The subgroup analyses did not demonstrate different outcomes between groups.

Conclusion Among nulliparous individuals with class III obesity at term who underwent induction, more than 50% had indicated CD; the rate of short-term maternal and neonatal morbidity, however, did not differ between labor induction and CD without labor.

Key Points
One-Pot Synthesis of Dicarbazolyl(aryl)methanols Based on α-Keto Acids
Authors: Cai Jun-Xian , Chen Peng , Jiang Yi-Jun , Li Jian-Ye , Du Hongying
Published: September 2024

In this work, carbazoles, one of the most important types of nitrogenous compounds, were used as substrates to synthesize dicarbazolyl(aryl)methanols in moderate to excellent yields (up to 95%). This simple and efficient strategy can regioselectively form an sp3 quaternary carbon with two large sterically hindered carbazole rings, one benzene ring, and an active hydroxy group in a one-pot reaction. The resulting triarylmethanes are all new products, and have high potential as building blocks for medicinal chemistry or materials science.
Homoeopathic Management of Acute Cholangitis in a Case of Adenocarcinoma of Gall Bladder with Metastasis: A Case Report
Authors: Singh Lalith , Lakshmi Seetha , Das Sanjoy Kumar
Published: September 2024

Acute cholangitis is a bacterial infection superimposed on an obstruction of biliary tree from a gall stone, neoplasm or stricture. The biliary obstruction is most commonly caused by choledocholithiasis benign or malignant stricture of the bile duct or hepatic ducts, pancreatic cancer, ampullary adenoma or cancer, porta hepatis tumour or metastasis, biliary stent obstruction (due to microbial biofilm formation, biliary sludge deposition and duodenal reflux of food content), primary sclerosing cholangitis and amyloid deposition in the biliary system. Classically, patients present with high fever persisting for more than 24 hours, abdominal pain and jaundice (Charcot's triad). The right upper quadrant abdominal (RUQ) pain is generally mild. When the cholangitis becomes more severe, patients become hypotensive and confused (Reynold's pentad). Charcot's triad has low sensitivity (26.4%) and high specificity (95.9%). Although the presence of Charcot's triad is suggestive of acute cholangitis, it is not diagnostic. Charcot's triad is present in 26.4 to 72% of patients with acute cholangitis. TG07 diagnostic criteria for acute cholangitis also do not have enough sensitivity and specificity and its severity criteria are also not suitable for clinical use. Antibiotics, intravenous fluid, Vitamin K supplementation and biliary drainage are the options available in conventional mode of treatment for acute cholangitis. Presented here is one case report of acute cholangitis in a patient of adenocarcinoma of gall bladder with metastasis. The case was treated using classical method of homoeopathy with complete improvement in clinical and laboratory parameters of acute cholangitis.
Probiotics effects on the growth performance and meat quality of broiler chickens
Authors: Begdildayeva Nazerke , Karahan Aynur Gul , Kondybayev Askar , Kudaibergenova Aliya , Nurgazina Alina , Akhmetsadykov Nurlan , Ospanova Aikerim , Akhmetsadykova Shynar
Published: September 2024

Context In the limited field of research on Kazakhstan’s poultry, this study explores a new area by investigating the lack of studies on the impact of probiotics from camel milk and mare’s milk. This study provides valuable knowledge about an important aspect of poultry production in the region. Aims The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of probiotics isolated from traditional fermented dairy products, fermented camel milk (shubat) and fermented mare’s milk (koumiss) on the growth performance and meat quality of broiler chickens. Methods In total, 240 1-day-old Ross 308 chicks were randomly separated into four treatment groups of three replicates (20 birds per replicate). Three experimental groups were fed by basal diet plus drinking water containing 0.25 mL, 0.5 mL, and 1.0 mL of probiotics per bird (Pro1, Pro2, and Pro3 respectively). The control group was fed by basal diet plus drinking water. The carcass characteristics included the weights of the body and carcass rate. Organoleptic analysis, proximate composition, pH, drip loss, cook loss and were used to determine meat-quality properties. Key results According to the study results isolated probiotics Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei SH1, Enterococcus faecalis SH6, and Kazachstania unispora Y 2.2 had a significant effect on body and carcass weight (P < 0.05). Average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were also improved in probiotics groups (P < 0.05). Additionally, Pro 2 group had increased meat protein contents (P < 0.05). No significant differences in organoleptic quality between the control and experimental groups fed with the probiotics were determined. Conclusions Traditional fermented dairy products could become a source of new effective probiotics useful to improve broiler production. Implications The readily available shubat and koumiss in Kazakhstan present a promising opportunity for establishing localised probiotic production for poultry, indicating a viable path for promoting sustainable and tailored approaches to poultry farming in the region.