bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mathematical modelling of surface irrigation for field crops in Jordan based on soil hydrological-physical properties
Authors: Massimi Mohunnad
Published: June 2021

Jordan suffers from drought and depletion of water resources. In-field crop management, the issue of irrigation scheduling is important and influential. In this research note, a simple method was developed for scheduling surface irrigation of field crops based on inputs of crop ecology, effective root depth, soil texture, soil hydrology, and logical mathematics. It was concluded that the science of mathematics has succeeded to meet academic irrigation scheduling in terms of surface irrigation for field crops based on both soil hydrological and physical traits. Extension scholar has a decision to choose mathematical irrigation model depends on the traditional inputs or updating the model by searching for renewable inputs such as different varieties root depths, optimum row spacing of each crop, drip irrigation mathematical modelling, and digital sensing. In both cases, the input related to the effective root depth is a major and basic factor in mathematical irrigation scheduling. It is, therefore, recommendable that extension research-based systems should focus on basic mathematics to capacitate the complementary role of academics, research, and extension in irrigation modelling, and rural development.
Stability and development of Transdanubian agricultural enterprises
Authors: Göllény-Kovács Nikoletta , Péter Erzsébet , Pintér Gábor
Published: June 2021

Personal fulfilment, financial security, flexibility, relationships, information, rules - these are all hallmarks of entrepreneurship. Furthermore, one more important factor should be added to the list, which enables satisfaction resulting from reliable income and self-fulfillment: this is openness. An open mind to changes, to novelties, and to the workforce is necessary. The central question of the present research is how to effectively develop Hungarian small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises, especially in the Transdanubian region, by utilizing these factors. In addition to production, institutional and price risks, agricultural enterprises, like other sectors, are also affected by massive labour shortages and resource-intensive development objectives. In the research, primary agricultural producers, micro, small and medium-sized enterprises were surveyed through questionnaire in the second and third quarters of 2019. Using the snowball method, both the development opportunities and the risks were mapped in this sector, mostly among growers. The research results show that there is a correlation between satisfaction and development and favorable workplace relationships. These correlations were presented by demonstrating the relationship between technological development, income satisfaction, stable job creation, and the need to try new developments. However, there seems to be an invisible boundary to development in the examined field, which may stem from uncertainty, and yet, it is important to maintain development and learning activity so that the right knowledge and know-how is available to the business when needed. Since the results show that there is a lack of openness to new technologies among the farmers in the studied region, and this may pose a problem in the future in terms of meeting the expectations of precision farming, it is recommended to focus on innovation in the agricultural sector in Hungary.
Effect of net shading technology on the yield quality and quantity of chilli pepper under greenhouse cultivation
Authors: Agyemang Duah Stella , Nagy Zsuzsa , E Souza Clarice Silva , Pék Zoltán , Neményi András , Helyes Lajos
Published: June 2021

This study was undertaken to identify the effect of net shading technology on the total capsaicinoids, vitamin C and relative chlorophyll content expressed as SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development) values and total marketable fruit yield of ‘Star Flame’ chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum) for two harvesting times cultivated under modified atmosphere. ‘Star Flame’ pepper was grown under three (3) different net shading colours (white, red and green). Samples without net shading were used as control. Samples were subjected to chromatographic analyses using HPLC for the determination of total capsaicinoids and vitamin C. Interaction in shading technology and harvest times (p=0.010) had significant effect on total capsaicinoids as a result of green and white shading technologies showing higher differences when compared to control samples. Vitamin C content was observed to have increased in white and red shadings (p=0.001) after the first harvest and gradually decreased after the second harvesting time (p=0.002). Relative leaf chlorophyll content was significantly higher in white shading in the first and second harvest. Samples used as control had significantly higher marketable values when compared to white and green shadings with red recording low marketability of ‘Star Flame’ chilli peppers.
Examining the production parameters of European perch (Perca fluviatilis) juveniles under different lighting conditions
Authors: Molnár Áron , Kovács László , Homoki Dávid , Minya Dániel , Fehér Milán
Published: June 2021

European perch (Perca fluviatilis) is a native predatory fish in Hungary, and a promising new species of fresh water aquaculture nowadays. The European perch can be characterized by a high stress sensitivity during the intensive rearing, thus the optimization of environmental conditions has significant importance in the early life stages of fish. The aim of our study was to determine whether the light intensity and darkening of the water by humic acid affect the survival and growth performance of European perch juveniles. The experiment lasted for 28 days. Rectangular aquariums were arranged in 3 lines, the test environment consisted of 24 units. The experiment was set up with 10–10 fish per aquarium, total of 240 individuals. The average wet body weight of the fish at the start of the experiment was 1.69 grams. During the experiment, 6 treatments in 4 replicates were set up. In the first row, we set up 305.6±66.0 LUX (L), in the second row 118.0±24.4 LUX (C), and in the third row (D) 17.0±8.6 LUX illumination was set up. In each row the water of four aquariums were darkened by the addition of humic acid (H) (L, LH, C, CH, D, and DH). At the end of the experiment high survival rate was observed in all treatments. Examining the survival rate, the best results were found in the strongly illuminated treatments (L; LH- SR%=100±0.00). The observed mortality was caused by cannibalism. Regarding the individual body weight, the best results were shown by the treatments where the aquariums were illuminated with lower light intensity (C: 4.66±0.33 grams) and the aquarium water was darkened by humic acid (CH: 4.93±0.15 grams). The results of the C and CH groups were significantly better compared to the other treatments, however, they did not differ statistically from each other. The darkening of the water had a positive effect on the individual body weight of fish reared under full light (L: 3.73±0.28 grams; LH: 4.33±0.28 grams), whereas in the case of fish reared in the lowest illumination, the addition of humic acid did not affect the results (D: 3.78±0.15 grams; DH: 3.80±0.26 grams). In case of SGR (C: 3.64%/day and CH: 3.74%/day) and FCR (C: 0.84 g/g and CH: 0.78g/g) the best results were obtained by the C and CH treatments, also.
Data on the Orthoptera fauna of characteristic agricultural landscape in the Carpathian Lowland
Authors: Arnóczkyné Jakab Dóra , Nagy Antal
Published: June 2021

Orthoptera fauna and assemblages of natural and semi-natural grasslands of the Hungarian Lowland are well-known, however, little is known about assemblages living in agricultural and anthropogenic habitats such as arable lands, roadsides, hedges, and riverbanks. Due to climate change, intensification of agriculture, and change of habitat use, these habitat types become increasingly important.
To collect data on these mainly unknown habitat types, a three-year study was carried out on the Orthoptera fauna and assemblages of the firth region of the Tisza and Sajó rivers. This area was mainly unknown, and our research contributes to increasing knowledge and provides a base for further investigations.
In the 40 sampling sites of the studied region, an occurrence of 30 Orthoptera species was recorded based on 2241 sampled individuals. In this study, we provide 540 new distribution data records of orthopterans that means an almost eightfold increase of the known data. Orthoptera assemblages of different agricultural habitat types showed significant differences considering both species richness and composition. Data suggested that non-cultivated habitat patches of dirt-roads, roadsides and stubble fields and even extensively used pastures, hayfields and alfalfa, red clover, and even wheat fields can preserve relatively species-rich Orthoptera assemblages. Contrary weedy sites of these cultivars and intensively used arable lands (maize, sunflower and rape fields) showed extremely low species diversity.
effect of Willow extract, Bistep and their combination on some quality parameters of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)
Authors: Yaseen Arshad Abdulkhalq , Takácsné Hájos Mária
Published: June 2021

The research described in this paper was conducted at the University of Debrecen, Farm and Regional Research Institute in its Botanical and Exhibition Garden, Hungary. The aim was to investigate the influence of plant biostimulants on the morphological parameters of three lettuce varieties (May King, Kobak and Great Lakes). Willow bark extract and Bistep were used through irrigation and spray onto the plant leaves with the amount of 5% Willow and 0,5% Bistep. Vegetative parameters like head structure (1….10), head weight (g head-1), head closing (1….10), number of leaves, head diameter (cm), internal stem size (cm) and root weight (g head-1) were measured in 2019 and 2020. According to our results, vegetative parameters are significantly affected by plant varieties and treatments. In the experiment of 2019, important vegetative parameters were influenced by the Willow extract, while in the season of 2020 the most influenced parameters were under the impact of Bistep biostimulants followed by Willow+Bistep. However, the most favourable vegetative growth was recorded in the Kobak variety in the season of 2019 followed by May King and Great Lakes varieties in the season of 2020. On the other hand, the interaction effect of plant varieties and plant biostimulants on the vegetative parameters were varied from seasons. For example, for the season 2019, significantly the highest vegetative value was recorded for the interaction of May King variety treated with Willow extract, whereas in 2020, significantly the most influenced vegetative parameters were under the influence of the interaction of Bistep and May King variety followed by the interaction of Willow+Bistep and Kobak variety.
Antimicrobial effect of dried sage on the microbiological state of fresh Hungarian sausage
Authors: Posgay Miklós , Kapcsándi Viktória , Hanczné Lakatos Erika
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microbial effect of dried sage (Salvia officinalis L.) on the traditional Hungarian sausage. We added 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 w/w% of sage to the sausages and tested them on the 0th, 7th and 14th day. The added dried sage had no effect on the tested microorganisms, but the sage extract inhibited Salmonella, Enterococcus faecium and Staphylococcus aureus.
Possibilities of mass valuation in land use in Hungary
Authors: Cehla Béla , Búzás Ferenc Ede , Kiss Sándor , Szűcs István , Posta László
Published: June 2021

Technological development makes it possible to simplify and accelerate decision-making processes by adequately processing and evaluating large volumes of data. Sub-data obtained from large data sets have a very important practical role in asset valuation, forecasting and valuing delineated or difficult-to-map areas, or in the context of portfolio management. Land valuation is a separate segment within asset valuation and it requires a specific methodological approach on behalf of evaluators. In this study, the authors compared the transaction data of arable land and the value of other land use categories. Based on empirical assessments, the authors developed proposals for the fast and cost-effective determination of the value of land use categories other than arable land - mainly meadows and pastures.
Avaliação do consumo de estimulantes cerebrais entre os acadêmicos do Curso de Medicina de um Centro Universitário no interior de Minas Gerais / Evaluation of brain stimulant consumption among medical students at a University Center in the interior of Minas Gerais
Authors: Muniz Letícia Ribeiro , Almeida Karine Cristine de
Published: June 2021

INTRODUÇÃO: é indubitável que a formação em Medicina é extremamente árdua, sendo que frequentemente, os estudantes necessitam alcançar os seus limites para superar os desafios impostos durante o curso. Assim, grande parte dos acadêmicos busca meios de adaptação que resulta em práticas que podem gerar riscos à saúde, sendo um deles, o consumo de estimulantes cerebrais. OBJETIVOS: o presente estudo tem como objetivo fundamental avaliar a prevalência do uso de estimulantes cerebrais entre os acadêmicos do curso de medicina do Centro Universitário de Patos de Minas (UNIPAM). MÉTODOS: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo descritiva do tipo transversal, com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa. Foi utilizado, via Google Forms um questionário padronizado, de autopreenchimento, com questões objetivas demográficas e comportamentais sobre o uso de estimulantes. RESULTADO: a prevalência de uso de substâncias estimulantes na vida foi de (77,5%), com maior consumo no sexo feminino 83,33% enquanto no sexo masculino foi (62,5%). Em relação ao período do curso que se encontrava cursando durante a pesquisa, foi evidenciado que foi maior na graduação final do curso (81,03%) melhorar raciocínio, atenção e/ou memória, com idade média de 23,65 e desvio padrão de 3,957. A substância mais utilizada foi o álcool 67 (72,8%). A segunda substância mais consumida foi a cafeína 65 (70,7%), sendo 22 (73,33%) utilizavam no intuito de melhorar o poder de concentração e 26 (86,66%) para melhorar o desempenho acadêmico. CONCLUSÃO: Houve uma grande prevalência do consumo de estimulantes cerebrais entre os estudantes de medicina, sendo que o principal objetivo foi para melhorar o desempenho cognitivo. No entanto, tais substâncias são potencialmente prejudiciais à saúde, com danos expressivos no intelecto individual, nesse coibir ou reduzir o seu consumo na comunidade acadêmica é uma tarefa que deveria ser mais difundida.
Health Inequalities of STEMI Care Before Implementation of a New Regional Network: A Prefecture-Level Analysis of Social Determinants of Healthcare in Yunnan, China
Authors: Zhang Li Mei , Geater Alan Frederick , McNeil Edward B. , Lin Yun Peng , Liu Si Chen , Luo Heng , Wang Yuan Zhang , Wen Shao Chang
Published: June 2021

Background: As one of the most serious types of coronary heart disease, ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) faces huge challenges in the equal management and care of patients due to its life-threatening and time-critical condition. Health inequalities such as sex and age differences in STEMI care have been reported from developed countries. However, limited outcomes have been investigated and the major drivers of inequality are still unclear, especially in under-developed areas. This study aimed to explore the major drivers of health inequalities in STEMI care before implementation of a new regional network in the south-west of China. Methods: Prefecture-level data of STEMI patients before the implementation of a regional network were analysed retrospectively. Drivers of inequality were identified from six social determinants of health, namely area of residence, ethnicity, sex, age, education and occupation. Outcomes of STEMI care included timely presentation, reperfusion therapy, timely reperfusion therapy, heart failure, inpatient mortality, length of hospital stay, hospital costs, and various intervals of ischaemic time. Results: A total of 376 STEMI patients in the research area before implementation of the STEMI network were included. Compared with urban residents, rural patients were significantly less likely to have timely presentation (odds ratio [OR]=0.47, 95% CI: 0.28-0.80, P=.004) and timely reperfusion therapy (OR=0.32, 95% CI: 0.14-0.70, P=.005). Rural residents were less likely to present to hospital promptly than urban residents (HR=0.65, 95% CI=0.52-0.82, P<.001). In the first 3 hours of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) reperfusion delay and first 6 hours of total ischaemic time, rural patients had a significantly lower probability to receive prompt PCI (hazard ratio [HR]=0.40, 95% CI: 0.29-0.54, P<.001) and reperfusion therapy (HR=0.37, 95% CI: 0.25-0.56, P<.001) compared to urban patients. Conclusion: Rural residents were a major vulnerable group before implementation of the regional STEMI network. No obvious inequalities in ethnicity, sex, age, education or occupation existed in STEMI care in Chuxiong Prefecture of China.
Consucrats Have Agency: What Next for the Profecrat? Comment on "The Rise of the Consucrat"
Authors: Keeling Debbie Isobel
Published: June 2021

The trend in ensuring adequate consumer representation across diverse activities and sectors, not least in healthcare, has been speedily implemented, sometimes at the expense of strategy. This commentary explores the concept of the consucrat as a consumer representative, presented by de Leeuw, which raised important questions regarding the way in which individuals and health services interact and collaborate. Adopting a complex services marketing lens, the position of the consucrat is discussed in relation to agency underpinning three tensions identified by de Leeuw: designation; professionalization, and; representation. For equality, professional service providers are referred to as ‘profecrats.’ Supporting de Leeuw, challenges are made to the underlying assumptions implicit in terms used around representation, the perspective that it is the consucrat only who needs to adapt, and the discourse around the competence of the consucrat. We should not be too cautious in our approach to consumer representation. Consucrats have agency – what next for the profecrat?
Precambrian ultramafic rocks south of Sermilik, Frederikshåb district, South-West Greenland
Authors: Mísař Z
Published: June 2021

The petrography and both whole rock and trace element chemistry of ultramafic bodies are described. The ultramafic bodies occur in large numbers in the Precambrian south of Sermilik and are associated with amphibolites. Their shapes are secondary, but in many cases the arrangement of both small lenses and major bodies suggests that they had a primary sheet-like form. The original contacts of the ultramafic rocks with the country rocks have not been preserved because they developed reaction zones with their host rocks during metamorphism under amphibolite facies conditions. The ultramafics have been divided into three main groups. The first group consists of primary serpentinized peridotites and serpentinites, which escaped amphibolization and form the cores of the bodies. The second group includes amphibolized primary ultramafics such as foliated tremolite/actinolite-bearing rocks, which formed at the outer part of the ultramafic bodies as internal reaction zones. The third group comprises biotite hornblende rocks which form the outer reaction zones of the ultramafic lenses and arose from amphibolites or hornblende gneisses and not from the primary ultramafics.
The crystal habit of naujakasite, with a note on some new occurrences
Authors: Petersen O.V , Andersen S
Published: June 2021

The crystal forms of naujakasite, as determined on the two circle goniometer, are {001}, {110} and {111}. New occurrences of naujakasite of three different types are described: (1) accessory naujakasite in arfvedsonite-Iujavrite, (2) a naujakasite-rich variety of lujavrite with exceptionally large crystals, (3) naujakasite formed by recrystallisation of naujaite.
Cuprostibite and associated minerals from the Ilímaussaq intrusion, South Greenland
Authors: Karup-Møller S , Løkkegaard L , Semenov E.I , Sørensen H
Published: June 2021

The mineral cuprostibite (Cu2...Sb) is found in pneumatolytic-hydrothermal veins associated with lujavrite at three localities. Cuprostibite occurs associated with loellingite, chalcopyrite, argentite, native silver and ?antimonian silver in analcime- ussingite-rich veins at the Taseq slope locality, with loellingite, chalcocite, dyscrasite, allargentum, galena and sphalerite in analcime-rich veins at the Kangerdluarssuk loeality and with loellingite, rohaite, sphalerite, silver (1), silver (2), allargentum, digenite, chalcocite and cuprite in analcime-rich veins at the Kvanefjeld locality. Supergene alteration of cuprostibite and some of the associated ore minerals has taken place. Cuprostibite occurs in granular masses. It has uneven fracture, a poor basal cleavage, purple colour, distinct metallic lustre, distinct reflectance pleochroism and strong, yellow, deep red to black-polarization colours. The microindentation hardness is 216-249 (VHN50g). Determined and calculated density 8.36 and 8.42 g/cm3, respectively. Cuprostibite is tetragonal, α 4.0000±0.0006 Å and c 6.1000±0.0017 Å. Microprobe analyses of two samples gave the formulae Cu2.02 Sb0.98 and Cu2.10 (Sb0.86T10.04) 0.9. Dyscrasite, allargentum, galena, sphalerite and an unnamed mineral [(Sb,Cu) 2(Pb,[Fe,Ca])Si0.4 (O,OH,H2O) y , y = max. 9.6] occur in very small amounts in association with cuprostibite at Kangerdluarssuk. Alteration of dyscrasite, allargentum and associated cuprostibite has resulted in the formation of antimonian silver as host for senarmontite, cuprite and native copper. Rohaite (TlCu5SbS2) from Kvanefjeld is a new mineral and is associated with chalcocite, euprostibite, antimonian silver, cuprite, loellingite, and sphalerite. The mineral is tetragonal with a 3.801 ±0.002 Å and c 20.986±0.008 Å. A superstructure has caused a doubling of the a cell dimension. Rohaite has been partly altered to an extremely fine-grained mixture of digenite and senarmontite having the bulk chemical composition: Sb2O3 x 3.86 CU1.93S1.00 with small contents of thallium, iron and lead. Supergene alteration of digenite and chalcocite at Kvanefjeld has resulted in the formation of two varieties of blaubleibender covellite (CU1.13S and CU1.42S), covellite and connellite. Djurleite (CU1.96S) has exsolved from the digenite. Supergene alteration of euprostibite has resulted in the formation of senarmontite, Sb-malachite, cuprites and native copper. Senarmontite occurs as very fine-grained material intergrown with an unidentified copper-antimony mineral. Sb-malachite may possibly be a submicroscopic mixture of normal malachite and an unidentified Sb-rich phase. 'Cuprites' comprise normal cuprite and closely associated phases containing variable amounts of antimony, Lead and silicon. Connellite, brochantite, linarite and senarmontite are supergene. Cell dimensions and microprobe analyses for connellite and linarite are listed.
Submarine fan sedimentation along fault scarps on tilted fault blocks (Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary, East Greenland)
Authors: Surlyk F
Published: June 2021

In late Jurassic times large-scale faulting, which partly occurred along old lines of weakness, fragmented the East Greenland shelf into several westerly tilted blocks. The sediments of the syntectonic Middle Volgian-Valanginian Wollaston Forland Group were deposited along and away from the fault scarps formed at the uptilted western margin of each block. To the west the group comprises thick syntectonic clastic wedges of submarine rock-fall breccias which pass laterally into thick conglomerates and sandstones deposited by various types of sediment gravity flow. Further to the east these facies pass rapidly into mudstones. The depositional regime was characterized by repeated fault activity resulting in deepening of the depositional basins, followed by rapid erosion of borderlands and sedimentation of very coarse clastic sediments on a narrow coastal fringe of fan-deltas leading into submarine fans. This pattern continued into Ryazanian time (early Lower Cretaceous), and in the Valanginian a major regional transgression initiated an open shelf where light grey mudstones and sandstone turbidites were deposited. These Middle Volgian to Valanginian sediments are interpreted as showing a progressively collapsing and submerging platform. The model presented for submarine sedimentation along fault scarps on tilted fault blocks displays the same facies associations as the one for deep-sea fans. Distinguishing characters are seen in the intern al distribution of facies. The sediment prism is arranged in several hundred metres thick fining-upward megacycles corresponding to major phases of faulting and down-tilting of fault blocks. They also indicate gradually diminishing sediment supply following rapid erosion and retreat of borderlands. Megacycles are internally composed of fining-upward cycles a few metres to tens of metres thick. These cycles reflect progressive tilling and abandonment of inner and midfan channels. The very coarse-grained proximal units wedge out very rapidly in a distal direction where the seaward dipping fan slope is checked due to the dip slope of the opposite fault block.
Metasomatic zonation of an ultramafic lens at Ikátoq, near Færingehavn, southern West Greenland
Authors: Sharpe M.R
Published: June 2021

The Ikátoq zoned ultramafic lens occurs as an elliptical body in Archaean gneisses and amphibolites to the south of Færingehavn, southern West Greenland. From the unaltered serpentinite core to the contact with the surrounding gneisses five zones were distinguished: serpentinite (5), talc-carbonate rock (4), tale (3), amphibole (2) and chlorite (1): their interrelationships are discussed in the light of the theory of zoning. It is shown that these five main lithological types developed from a common parent rock under the inf1uence of low temperature metamorphism as a process of steatisation – the outer chlorite zone representing altered host rocks, whilst the inner tale, tale-carbonate and serpentinite shells represent changed serpentine core. The original junction between the two parent rocks lies in the amphibole zone. The growth process of the zones is discussed and evidence concerning these mechanisms is presented. Estimates of bulk transport and ion migration during the alteration are developed from the chemical analyses, based on whole-rock formulas and equivalent volumes, using ideal-mineral reaction stoichiometry. The system was open to migrating components, and it is shown that the body lost Mg to the gneisses, which in turn supplied some Ca and K to the reacting system. It is likely that CO2 and H2O were permanently in excess. A volume contraction of approximately 6 per cent during the steatisation process is postulated.
Triassic rift sedimentation and palaeogeography of central East Greenland
Authors: Clemmensen L.B
Published: June 2021

The majority of the investigated Triassic (upper(?) Scythian – Rhaetian) rocks apparently formed in continental environments comprising alluvial fans, braided rivers, aeolian deserts, flood plains, saline playa lakes and freshwater shallow lakes. In the Middle Triassic a brief but widespread marine transgression affected large parts of the basin and resulted in the deposition of barrier limestones and lagoonal mudstones. Details of sedimentary structures, bed types, facies sequences and vertical and lateral variations are discussed for each of these environments. Special emphasis is given to the remarkable variety of lacustrine facies associations. The Triassic sediments probably accumulated in a N-S trending rift valley. This fault controlled depositional basin apparently formed in connection with overall rifting of the 'Laurasian' megacontinent. Tectonic movements along N-S trending fault lines appear to have been an important control on the thickness and nature of the Triassic facies, and the basal alluvial fan sediments formed simultaneously with or slightly after tectonic uplift of the borderlands. The climate throughout the Middle-Late Triassic period was warm and subtropical with alternating dry and wet seasons. The basin was under the influence of dominant north-east trade winds (winter) and less common south-east trade winds (summer). The vertical succession of climate-sensitive rocks further suggests a gradual shift towards increased humidity during the Middle-Late Triassic times. This climate trend is explained by a northwards continental drift of the area.
X-ray investigation of bøggildite
Authors: Møller C.K
Published: June 2021

X-ray investigation of single crystals of Bøggildite shows that they are monoclinic and belong to space group No. 14 P21/ C. The axes are a = 5.24 Å, b = 2 a = 10.48 Å, c = 18.52 Å and β = 107°.35. The presence of weak extra layer lines is interpreted as being due to a twinning or superstructure. The externaJ faces are (012) with its analogues.
Stratabound copper-lead-zinc mineralisation in the Permo-Triassic of central East Greenland
Authors: Thomassen B , Clemmensen L.B , Schønwandt H.K
Published: June 2021

Stratabound and stratiform copper-lead-zinc-mineralised horizons confined to specific sedimentary fades in the Permo-Triassic Jameson Land Basin of East Greenland were revealed during recent exploration and sedimentological studies. The occurrences are divided into fault-bounded-stratabound and stratabound-stratiform mineralisation. The first group comprises lead-zinc-copper mineralisation in Upper Permian limestone; the remaining mineralisation falls in the second group which is subdivided into mineralisation hosted in mudstones, in sandstones with mudflasers and in sandstones and conglomerates. A lithogeochemical programme helped to define the mineralised horizons in the Triassic. During the interpretation of the geochemical data an empiric statistical function was introduced which is an estimate of how anomalous the 95 per cent fractile is for individual elements compared with the frequency distribution around the median. The Upper Permian sediments host copper in basal shoreline conglomerates, zinc-lead-copper in lagoonal mudstones and lead-zinc-copper in carbonate buildup and shelf fades. The Lower Triassic contains copper-lead mineralisation in alluvial fan sediments, the Middle Triassic hosts lead-zinc-copper in sandy shoreline limestones and lagoonal mudstones and copper-lead-zinc in gypsiferous lacustrine sandstones and mudstones while the Upper Triassic contains copper in both dolomitic lacustrine sandstones and mudstones and in overlying carbonate-rich fluvial channel sandstones.
Stratigraphy and structure of the Fiskenæsset Complex, southern West Greenland
Authors: Myers J.S
Published: June 2021

The Fiskenæsset Complex is a deformed and metamorphosed, sheet-like, layered basic instrusion. It is an exceptionally well-preserved example of a suite of anorthositic rocks which are a widespread, but fragmentary, component of the Archaean gneiss complex of Greenland. In the Fiskenæsset region these rocks can be seen to be part of a single layered intrusion which consists of seven major lithostratigraphic units. In ascending order, these units are the Lower Gabbro (50 m), Ultramafic (40 m), Lower Leucogabbro (50 m), Middle Gabbro (40 m), Upper Leucogabbro (60 m), Anorthosite (250 m) and Upper Gabbro (50 m) Units. The Fiskenæsset Complex crystallised from tholeiitic magmas which were probably emplaced in at least 3 stages. It was intruded into basic volcanic rocks (now amphibolites) and, together with these rocks, was fragmented by the intrusion of granitoid sheets (now gneisses) associated with thrusting 2900-2800 m.y. ago. The Fiskenæsset Complex and metavolcanic rocks occur as thin layers and trains of inclusions within these gneisses which form about 80% of the region. All these rocks were folded together into large recumbent, nappe-like, folds (F1), and then refolded into dome-and-basin interference patterns by two sets of folds with steep axial surfaces at high angles to each other (F2 and F3). Deformation was locally heterogeneous, and all stages can be seen from undeformed to very strongly deformed rocks. Recrystallisation continued in amphibolite, and locally in granulite, facies during waning tectonic activity, and most rocks have equigranular mosaic textures. Although it is extensively recrystallised and deformed, the Fiskenæsset Complex locally preserves a variety of little deformed igneous structures and cumulate textures which demonstrate the important influence of both gravitational and current action during igneous crystallisation. Various kinds of igneous layering provide primary way-up structures which can be used to interpret the facing directions of Fl folds, and various stages of deformation of cumulate textures provide evidence of the tectonic and metamorphic processes by which banded anorthositic gneisses and amphibolites were derived from igneous rocks by progressive deformation.
Chapter 5: Composition of organic matter in source rocks
Authors: Buchardt B , Christiansen F.G , Nøhr-Hansen H , Larsen N.H , Østfeldt P
Published: June 2021

No abstract available.
Tectonostratigraphy of North Greenland
Authors: Surlyk F
Published: June 2021

A coherent tectonic and stratigraphic picture of the geological evolution of North Greenland has emerged after a decade of systematic mapping and topical studies by the Geological Survey of Greenland (GGU) in cooperation with groups from the University of Copenhagen and various non-Danish institutions. These studies represent the culmination of a long exploration history, with field work often carried out under harsh conditions.
Upper Cretaceous – Lower Tertiary decapod crustaceans from West Greenland
Authors: Collins J.S.H , Rasmussen H.W
Published: June 2021

Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene decapod crustaceans are described from Nûgssuaq, West Greenland; 14 genera, 3 of them new, contain 2 new macrurans, 13 new brachyurans and a galathaeid, referable to a previously described species. They form a mixed assemblage, although 7 of the brachyuran taxa and one of the macrurans are of burrowing species. Homolopsis dispar Roberts 1962 is transferred to Eohomola gen. nov. and a new genus, Metahomola, is proposed.
Acritarchs from the Lower Cambrian Buen Formation in North Greenland
Authors: Vidal G , Peel J.S
Published: June 2021

Acritarchs (organic-walled phytoplankton) are described from the siliciclastic rocks of the Buen Formation. A total of 52 form taxa are reported from a small number of extremely fossiliferous samples from th deeper shelf portion of the formation.
Sedimentary basin analysis of the continental Devonian basin in North-East Greenland
Authors: Olsen H
Published: June 2021

Continental Devonian sediments attain a stratigraphic thickness in excess of 8000 m in North-East Greenland. Four tectonostratigraphic basin stages are recognized in the succession defined by drainage patterns and bounding unconformities and named according to their constituent Iithostratigraphic units. The oldest Vilddal basin stage exhibits eastward drainage, the succeeding Kap Kolthoff - Kap Graah basin stage exhibits southward drainage, northward drainage characterizes the Celsius Bjerg basin stage, and southwestward drainage is characteristic of the youngest Harder Bjerg basin stage.
Cretaceous – Tertiary pre-drift sediments of the Kangerlussuaq area, southern East Greenland
Authors: Larsen M , Hamberg L , Olaussen S , Stemmerik L
Published: June 2021

The main objects of the present study were to supplement the volcanic rifted margin investigations carried out by the Danish Lithosphere Centre and to provide an insight into the basin development during Cretaceous to earliest Tertiary rifting.
Use af gas analyses in modelling mineralising events in the Jameson Land Basin, East Greenland
Authors: Pedersen M
Published: June 2021

The aim of the project is to increase understanding of the mineralising events in the basin with the help of lead isotope studies and various fluid inclusion analysis techniques, which will help to evaluate the mineral potential of the unexposed parts of the basin.
ODP Leg 163, South-East Greenland volcanic rifted margin
Authors: Larsen H.C , Duncan R.S , Allan J.F , ODP Leg 163 shipboard party
Published: June 2021

The South-East Greenland margin is a type example of a volcanic rifted margin. The margin is characterised by a broad seaward-dipping reflector sequence (SDRS) composed of basalt that onlaps continental (mainly Precambrian) crust to the west and terminates eastward in oceanic crust of early Tertiary age (Figs 1, 2).
The Ilímaussaq batholith. A review and discussion
Authors: Sørensen H
Published: June 2021

The Ilímaussaq batholith was examined and described in a masterly way by N.V. Ussing in the first years of this century. During the last few years, the region has been re-examined and this work is still being carried out. It is based on maps far superior to those used by Ussing. This paper is a summary of the present knowledge of the geology of the batholith. Ilímaussaq is one of many plutonic bodies in the alkaline province of South Greenland. Its formation was preceded by the accumulation of sandstone, extrusion of lavas, and block movements. The country rock consists of granite. Ussing divided the plutonic rocks of Ilímaussaq into two groups: 1) the unstratified complex made up of fairly normal rocks as augite syenite, essexite, nordmarkite, and arfvedsonite granite ; 2) the stratified, peralkaline, agpaitic nepheline syenites: sodalite foyaite, naujaite, kakortokite, and lujavrite. These rocks are often rich in sodalite and eudialyte. The marginal borders of the batholith are transgressive. The agpaites are overlain by almost horizontal beds of porphyries. The stratified part of the complex is saucer-shaped. According to Ussing the batholith was formed in two stages; in the first stage the unstratified rocks crystallized, in the second the agpaites were intruded and partially replaced the unstratified rocks. The differentiation of the agpaites has later been discussed by Fersman and Backlund. Wegmann considered the nepheline syenites to be of metasomatic origin. The Ilímaussaq batholith is compared with other regions of alkaline rocks. On this basis and in the light of new field data the magmatic and metasomatic modes of formation of the batholith are discussed. Much more field work is, however, still necessary before more final conclusions can be reached. In addition to Ussing’s interpretation of the genesis of the batholith a somewhat different magmatic explanation is put forward. Augite syenite is considered to be the primary magma. A part of this magma was trapped under an impermeable roof and huge amounts of volatiles were accumulated in the magma during its crystallization, especially in its upper part (cf. Sather, 45). The sodalite-rich naujaite crystallized in the upper part of the magma, the banded kakortokite at a deeper level. In a later phase, subsidence of parts of the batholith occurred and at this stage the melanocratic and schistose lujavrite was formed. This rock can be compared with tinguaites and may then be considered to be magmatic, but it may also be regarded as a metasomatic rock especially formed in the most deformed parts of the complex. Wegmann’s view that essexite, nordmarkite and porphyries are metasomatically transformed into nepheline syenites is discussed. It is supported by the finding of a pillow structure in the lujavrite. As an alternative the writer suggests that the metasomatism has acted upon an older plutonic body made up of augite syenite and foyaite, etc. In the writer's opinion the combination of magmatic and metasomatic processes is in best agreement with the field observations.
An examination of some rare minerals from the nepheline syenites of South West Greenland
Authors: Danø M , Sørensen H
Published: June 2021

In the present paper the mineralogy and petrological importance of some minerals from the nepheline syenites of South Greenland are discussed. The firstnamed mineral, igalikite, is from the Igaliko batholith, the remainder are from the Ilímaussaq batholith (see Ussing, 33). Igalikite was described by Bøggild from a boulder collected near Igaliko. On re-examination of this mineral it was shown to be a pseudomorph of analcime and "gieseckite" after nepheline. Naujakasite was described by Bøggild from a boulder collected at Naujakasik. The mineral has now been found in lujavrite at Tuperssuatsiaq and in the northern part of the Ilimaussaq batholith. Monazite in small clusters of angular grains are quite common in the lujavrites. The erikite described by Bøggild is shown to be a mixture of monazite and analcime and/or natrolite. Britholite has been found as small crystals in a number of altered lujavrites. Monazite and britholite are both considered to be formed at the expense of the material set free during the alteration of the eudialyte of the nepheline syenites. Neptunite in macroscopic grains is rare, but the mineral is commonly seen in thin sections, especially in rocks with altered eudialyte. The neptunite was probably formed during hydrothermal alteration of the eudialyte. A white mineral has been found at Igdlunguaq associated with neptunite, epistolite and analcime. The mineral has a primitive cubic unit cell and is probably a Na- and Nb-rich perovskite mineral. A more detailed description of this possibly new mineral will be undertaken when a chemical analysis has been carried out. Ussingite was described by Bøggild from boulders. It has now been found in place at the head of Kangerdluarssuk where it occurs in a recrystallized zone of deformation in naujaite. It is associated with steenstrupine, lovozerite (?), and ægirine and is secondary after microcline and sodalite. Lovozerite(?) a mineral resembling the lovozerite of the Kola peninsula has been found associated with the ussingite of Kangerdluarssuk and also with eudialyte in lujavrite. It is interpreted as a secondary mineral after eudialyte. Epistolite is according to a preliminary examination a member of an isomorphous series of which the murmanite of the Kola peninsula is another member.
An autoradiographic examination of rocks and minerals from the Ilímaussaq batholith, South West Greenland
Authors: Buchwald V , Sørensen H
Published: June 2021

Rocks and minerals from the lower part of the Ilímaussaq complex have been examined by means of the nuclear emulsion method. It was found that the radioactivity of the rocks increases from the early naujaite to the later lujavrite and hydrothermal veins. The eudialyte is very weakly radioactive in the naujaite, naujaite pegmatites and in the kakortokites, but is more radioactive in the lujavrites which according to the field relations are the youngest nepheline syenites of the complex. The altered eudialyte may be strongly radioactive. The radioactivities of lovozerite and rinkite are of the size of order of that of the eudialyte of the lujavrite. Isotropic parts of the grains of rinkite may be strongly radioactive. The epistolite is very weakly radioactive, but flakes of a murmanite-like mineral in lujavrite were found to be fairly radioactive. There are small strongly radioactive grains of thorianite in some vein steenstrupines. Apatite is rare and very weakly radioactive; the rare earth-apatite, britholite is generally rather weakly radioactive. The monazite of the lujavrites may, as mentioned in 8, be very weakly radioactive, but strongly radioactive monazite has been found in a few rocks. Several types of steenstrupine have been found in lujavrites and hydrothermal veins. The radioactivity varies from rather weak to strong; the weakly radioactive grains being anisotropic and the strongly radioactive ones isotropic. The crystals may be zoned with isotropic, strongly radioactive central parts and anisotropic, weakly radioactive marginal zones. The cause of this distribution is discussed. The results of the autoradiographical and chemical examinations of steenstrupine are compared and the agreement is found to be satisfactory.
Géologie de la région située entre Tigssaluk fjord et Sermiligârssuk fjord (partie médiane), SW-Groenland
Authors: Weidmann M
Published: June 2021

The investigations, the results of which are described in the present work, were conducted during two distinct stages, from 1957 to 1960: 1) the field work, including the drawing of the geological map at a scale of 1:20000 and the collecting of numerous samples; this was made possible by the organization and facilities put at our disposal by the Geological Survey of Greenland, 2) the examination of the collected material, which was conducted in the laboratories of geology and petrography of the University of Lausanne. The area which we have studied is composed of an ensemble of gneiss, schists, dykes and massifs of various age and composition; it is situated in the SW part of Greenland, about 30 km NNW of Ivigtut (Fig. 1 and Plate 1). The limits of this territory are the following: to the N, Sermiligârssuk fjord and the glacier of Sioralik; to the E, a depressed zone occupied by lakes; to the S, Tigssaluk fjord and a faultzone oriented approximately E-W; lastly, to the W, an ideal N-S line which marks the western limit of the maps at al: 20000 scale of the Geodætisk Institut that we used for the geological map. No geological investigations had been conducted in the area; the only published information concerns the region as a whole, and is to be found in the works of N.V. Ussing (1912), C.E. Wegmann (1938 and 1947), J. Bondam (1956) and A. Berthelsen (1960 and 1961). Let us also mention the unpublished reports of our companions, the geologists of the Geological Survey of Greenland. Apart from a few small zones which were examined in detail, the geological mapping of the region was conducted in an exploratory manner with a view to establishing rather a chronology as precise as possible than a detailed map at a 1:20000 scale. The chronology, the main lines of which we are now going to put forward, represents an attempt at a synthesis based on observations made in our territory as well as in the entire region of Ivigtut; here we have the opportunity of seeing the deep zones of a mountain chain in which are visible traces of all the phenomena which follow each other during the evolution of a "drame-type", such as H. and G. Termier (1956), for example, have described it.