bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A spatiotemporal simulation study on the transmission of harmful microorganisms through connected healthcare workers in a hospital ward setting
Authors: Niekerk Magnus J. M. van , Stein Alfred A. , Doting Edwina M. H. E. , Lokate Martiëtte M. , Braakman-Jansen Annemarie L. M. A. , Gemert-Pijnen Lisette J. E. W. C. van
Published: April 2020

Background
Transmission of harmful microorganisms may lead to infections and poses a major threat to patients and healthcare workers in healthcare settings. The most effective countermeasure against the transmission and spread of harmful microorganisms is the adherence to spatiotemporal hand hygiene policies, but adherence rates are relatively low and vary over space and time. The spatiotemporal effects on the transmission and spread of harmful microorganisms for varying levels of hand hygiene compliance are unknown. The objectives of this study are to (1) identify a healthcare worker occupancy group of potential super-spreaders and (2) quantify spatiotemporal effects on the transmission and spread of harmful microorganisms for varying levels of hand hygiene compliance caused by this group.
Methods
Spatiotemporal data were collected in a ward of an academic hospital using radio frequency identification technology over a period of seven days. A potential super-spreader healthcare worker occupation group was identified using the contact data derived from the frequency identification sensors. The effects of five probability distributions of hand hygiene compliance and three rates of harmful microorganism transmission were simulated using a dynamic agent-based simulation model. The effects of initial simulation assumptions on the simulation results were quantified using five risk factors.
Results
Nurses, doctors and patients are together responsible for 78.8% of all contacts. Nurses made up 57% of all contacts, which is more than five times that of doctors (11.1%). This identifies nurses as the potential super-spreader healthcare worker occupation group. For initial simulation conditions of extreme lack of hand hygiene compliance (5%) and high transmission rates (5% per contact moment), a colonized nurse can transfer microbes to three of the 17 healthcare worker or patients encountered during the 87 minutes of visiting 22 rooms while colonized. The harmful microorganism transmission potential for nurses is higher during weeknights (5 pm – 7am) and weekends as compared to weekdays (7am – 5 pm).
Conclusion
Spatiotemporal behaviour and social mixing patterns of healthcare can change the expected number of transmissions and spread of harmful microorganism by super-spreaders in a closed healthcare setting. These insights can be used to develop better informed infection prevention and control strategies.
Use of a novel integrated port closure system - A multi-center study
Authors: Milad Qarawany , Mizrahi Hagar , Ugale Surendra , Pascal Guy , Hazzan David
Published: April 2020

Background The incidence of port site hernia (PSH) after laparoscopic surgery can reach up to 4 %. The fascial closure at the port site can be challenging in some cases.Methods A multi-center, prospective, open label study to evaluate a new integrated port closure system (Gordian TroClose™ 1200 by Gordian Surgical™), is presented.Results Fifty patients were enrolled in the study. All enrolled patients underwent laparoscopic surgery, during which at least one TroClose1200 device was used per patient. Patients were followed for two and six weeks and for one year. No port PSH related to TroClose 1200 device was diagnosed at one year of follow-up. One PSH was diagnosed at a non-TroClose1200 trocar site. The surgeons were very satisfied with the new device’s performance, with an average range of 4.8-5.0 out of 5.0 usability question being above 4.80 out of 5. No severe adverse events or device related adverse events were observed.Conclusions The TroClose 1200 is a simple, safe and friendly device that may reduce the incidence of port site hernia.
Procalcitonin levels in children with bloodstream infections caused by different species: a cohort study
Authors: Bejarano José Iván Castillo , Ranero Agustín De Colsa , Rivera Oscar Tamez , Lozoya Andrés Guillen , Saldaña Napoleón González , Anaya Alfonso Huante , Benavente Ismael Herrera , Santos Abiel Mascareñas de los
Published: April 2020

Background: Timely diagnosis and accurate identification of the causative microorganism in sepsis is crucial in order to offer targeted treatment and increase survival rates. Previous studies have aimed to identify biomarkers that could potentially predict blood culture positivity in patients with bacteremia; however, most of the research has been performed in adult populations. The aims of this study were to analyze procalcitonin (PCT) levels in confirmed bloodstream infections by species in children and assess their utility in immunocompromised patients.Methods: Medical records of children younger than 18 years admitted from 2011 to 2018 were reviewed. Subjects who met the diagnostic criteria for sepsis, with PCT levels collected within a 72-hour period prior to obtaining a blood culture were included. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare differences among groups. Receiver-operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate PCT cut-offs. Results: A total of 120 patients were included. Mean age was 55 months. Mean PCT levels in immunosuppressed patients was 26.68 mcg/L, compared to 8.78 in the immunocompetent group. Subjects with bacteremia by Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) had the highest mean PCT levels (18.2 ± 34.2) (p < 0.001). Sensitivity and specificity were 78% and 53% for Gram-positive cocci (GPC), 60.9% and 33.3% for GNB, and 75% and 25% for yeasts, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed 87.5% sensitivity and 16.7% specificity of PCT for predicting documented GNB bacteremia in immunodeficient children. Conclusions: PCT may be considered as a surrogate biomarker in immunocompromised children, and a viable tool to differentiate etiology by species.
Some Compounds from Neem leaves extract exhibit binding affinity as high as -14.3 kcal/mol against COVID-19 Main Protease (Mpro): A Molecular Docking Study
Authors: S Shanmuga Subramanian
Published: April 2020

Currently the new Coronavirus "COVID-19", also known as SARS-CoV-2, has infected nearly 3 million patients and nearly 200,000+ people have lost their lives due to this pandemic. There is an urgent need to find an antiviral agent that may slow down the spread of the virus. The aim of this study is to assess and evaluate compounds present in leaves of Neem tree (Azadirachta Indica) as potential inhibitors for COVID-19 Main Protease (Mpro) (PDB code: 6LU7). This will be done by blind molecular docking using PyRx and Auto Vina software. The compounds Hydroxychloroquine and Remdesivir were used for comparative study. The binding energies obtained from the docking of 6LU7 with meliacinanhydride, nimocinol, isomeldenin, nimbolide, zafaral, nimbandiol, nimbin, nimbinene, desacetylnimbin were -14.3, -12.4, -12.3, -12.2, -11.9, -11.8, -11.7, -11.7, -11.4 kcal/mol respectively. Therefore Meliacinanhydride (Ki=33.36 pM) and the compounds from Neem leaves may be a potential treatment option against COVID-19. In addition to that the leaves contain others compounds like Quercetin, Zinc,Vitamin A,Vitamin B1,B2,B6, Vitamin C,Vitamin E etc., which may boost immunity also (Garba, 2019) .Further investigation is needed to evaluate the results of this study to consider Neem leaves as potential treatment option as it might inhibit the virus and boost immunity also
Family Nursing Practice and Family Importance in Care in Intensive Care Units: Perspectives of Nurses working in Intensive Care Units
Authors: Frank Kiwanuka , Imanipour Masomeeh
Published: April 2020

The analysis of family-focused nursing practice is fundamental for advancing family nursing in intensive care settings, yet this area remains less studied in sub-Saharan Africa. Nurses’ attitudes presuppose an assessment of what nurses are willing to do and objection of certain practices. The purpose of this study was to assess the correlation between family nursing practice and nurses’ attitudes towards family importance in care in adult intensive care units (ICU). A cross-sectional study was conducted among 116 nurses working in adult intensive care units using census sampling method. The instruments used for data collection included the Family Nursing Practice Scale (FNPS) and the Family Importance in Care-Nurses’ attitudes (FINC-NA). The mean score of FNPS was 38.7±12.7 whilst the mean score of FINC-NA was 90.6±14.7. The Pearson’s product-moment correlation revealed a positive relationship was revealed between FNPS and FINC-NA (r=0.6; p<0.01) The findings identified that most ICU nurses had a positive attitude towards family importance in care though their family nursing practice was moderate. In attempt to reach desirable nursing practice, it is recommended to develop practical and educational strategies aimed at improving of family care. This is especially useful to families in sub Saharan countries were families play a vital role in caring for the patient during admission and after discharge.
Do Wetting Agents Influence Golf Ball Roll Distance?
Authors: Shaddox Travis Wayne , Unruh Joseph Bryan
Published: April 2020

Wetting agents are commonly applied to golf putting greens to manage soil moisture. Speculation has arisen regarding the influence of wetting agents on golf ball roll distance. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of wetting agents on golf ball roll distance, putting green surface firmness, and volumetric water content in sand-based putting greens. This study was conducted during the 2018 growing season in Jay, FL and Ft. Lauderdale, FL on ‘TifEagle’ hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon × C. transvaalensis) putting greens. Treatments were applied to plots (2 × 3 m) in a randomized complete block design using four replications, and included seven wetting agents and an untreated turfgrass control. The study area was irrigated at 80% of the previous week’s reference evapotranspiration. Ball roll distance, firmness, and volumetric water content (VWC) were recorded weekly and pooled by month. Wetting agents did not lead to an increase in ball roll distance, firmness, or VWC during any month in Jay or Ft. Lauderdale. Inversely, in Jay, polyoxyalkylene polymer resulted in decreased surface firmness during October and November compared with untreated turfgrass. VWC was reduced as a result of some wetting agents in Ft. Lauderdale in February, September, November, and December, and resulted in no influence on VWC in Jay. The coefficients of determination of surface firmness and ball roll distance in Jay and Ft. Lauderdale were significant (P < 0.001) and were 0.12 and 0.08, respectively. This indicates that ball roll distance can increase as surfaces become firmer. However, this study found no evidence that wetting agents increase ball roll distance on sand-based putting greens.
A novel approach to label road defects in video data: semi-automated video analysis
Authors: Thumm Jakob , Masino Johannes , Knoche Martin , Gauterin Frank , Reischl Markus
Published: April 2020

Road defects like potholes have a major impact on road safety and comfort. Detecting these defects manually is a highly time consuming and expensive task. Previous approaches to detect road events automatically using acceleration sensors and gyro meters showed good results. However, these results could be significantly improved with additional usage of image analysis. A large, labeled image data set is required for training and validation. This paper presents a method to automate parts of the labeling task. The method is based on a simple two step approach: at first, an unsupervised algorithm detects possible events based on the acceleration data and filters those video sequences with defects. Second, a human operator decides based on the short video sequences if the event was due to an existing road defect and labels the corresponding area in an image.
Uncertainty based budget allocation of wastewater infrastructures' flood resiliency considering interdependencies
Authors: Karamouz Mohammad , Hojjat-Ansari A.
Published: April 2020

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are at high risk of coastal flooding due to the proximity of water bodies. Furthermore, power outages caused by extreme weather make their recovery process more challenging. In this paper a multi criterion decision-making (MCDM) method is utilized to involve different aspects of WWTPs' flood resilience into the framework developed for distributing financial resources among them. The flood resilience improvement of plants is investigated for a wide range of interventions and related costs. On this basis, utility of the allocations is developed for each plant and a fixed budget is distributed among them in different ways. Due to the stochastic nature of floods, the uncertain resilience attributes of systems and the subjective views of experts and decision-makers, uncertainties are incorporated into this process. Accordingly, the uncertainty of each plant is targeted. The results show that: water-energy interdependence plays a significant role in assessing the flood resilience of WWTPs; using different ways of allocation leads to varying degrees of uncertainty in investment in each plant; and evidence theory is an effective way of integrating experts' beliefs in the process of allocating resources. The proposed methodology can be implemented on similar cases in different geographic settings.
El mercado de trabajo norteamericano y los trabajadores mexicanos
Authors: Mercado N. Fernando
Published: April 2020

Este trabajo aborda la problemática de los trabajadores indocumentados mexicanos y su inserción en el mercado de trabajo norteamericano. Se revisan algunos de los juicios y supuestos emitidos sobre este tema y se cuestiona la manera en que se han venido planteando. Como inicio se presentan algunos elementos del mercado de trabajo estadounidense que son necesarios para formalizar el nivel del debate y empezar a apreciar la complejidad de esta problemática. La intención no es negar que existe una situación irregular causada por la presencia de los trabajadores mexicanos en Estados Unidos, ni transferir responsabilidades, sino sugerir que la situación es más compleja de lo que se piensa y que, antes de proponer soluciones, es preciso conocer la verdadera dimensión del fenómeno.
La frontera y la línea fronteriza: puntos de vista mexicanos y americanos de la frontera méxico–americana
Authors: Griswold del Castillo Richard
Published: April 2020

A lo largo de los siglos, los mexicanos y estadounidenses han desarrollado conceptos diferentes con relación a su región fronteriza común. Muchas de las diferencias en perspectivas nacionales, son el resultado de sus culturas históricas y definiciones de interés propio. El propósito de este escrito es delinear en forma general el origen de perspectivas mexicanas y estadounidenses de la región geográfica que ha sido llamada la frontera México- Estados Unidos. Finalmente, el valor real de la historia consiste en que nos permite evaluar ideas y culturas en sus patrones que tienen raíces profundas en nuestra experiencia colectiva pasada. Históricamente, para mexicanos y americanos, la frontera ha sido un lugar de conflicto y mezcla cultural. No es ni ha sido nunca una zona homogénea, ni regional, ni internacionalmente. Es necesario que los que planean comprendan los puntos de convergencia y divergencia en actitudes mexicanas y anglo-mexicanas hacia la frontera común.
La disputa del mercado fronterizo 1960-1983
Authors: Mungaray Lagarda Alejandro , Moctezuma Mungaray Patricia
Published: April 2020

El presente trabajo es un esbozo de la evolución de la lucha que por el mercado fronterizo han venido realizando los industriales nacionales en relación con la política aduanera diferencial que ha imperado para México y la frontera, así como en relación a las políticas mexicanas de integración del mercado fronterizo. Se destaca el uso de las devaluaciones como mecanismos de competencia e integración, las cuales han afectado profundamente el poder adquisitivo de los trabajadores fronterizos, y reflejan a su vez la incapacidad del industrial mexicano para competir por el mercado fronterizo con productos más baratos, mejores y en cantidad suficiente. Esto quiere decir que cuando el mercado fronterizo favorezca a los industriales y a la burguesía intermediaria de la frontera, será porque estos han afectado irremediablemente a la clase trabajadora mexicana de la frontera; y aquí, no se podrá culpar al imperialismo.
Stosowanie logiki w filozofii. O dyskusji między Stanisławem Kamińskim i Janem F. Drewnowskim
Authors: Lechniak Marek
Published: April 2020

Artykuł prezentuje i komentuje dyskusję pomiędzy J. F. Drewnowskim a S. Kamińskim, której przedmiotem było stosowanie logiki w filozofii, a ściślej w metafizyce ogólnej o orientacji arystotelesowsko-tomistycznej. Drewnowski prezentował w niej stanowisko reprezentatywne dla tzw. Koła Krakowskiego o możliwości stosowania narzędzi logiki formalnej w metafizyce, Kamiński takiej możliwości zaprzeczał. Spróbujemy wskazać pewne wnioski z tej dyskusji przydatne dla dzisiejszego rozumienia stosowania (stosowalności) logiki w filozofii. W końcowej partii podjęta jest próba znalezienia przyczyn stanowiska Kamińskiego, które jest reprezentatywne dla przedstawicieli tzw. lubelskiej szkoły filozoficznej.
Jana Franciszka Drewnowskiego filozofia matematyki i logiki
Authors: Murawski Roman
Published: April 2020

Praca poświęcona jest prezentacji i krytycznej ocenie poglądów filozoficznych Jana Franciszka Drewnowskiego na matematykę i logikę. Podstawą rozważań są cztery źródła. Podstawowym źródłem jest Drewnowskiego "Zarys programu filozoficznego" (1934), dalej dwa artykuły, a mianowicie "Stosowanie logiki symbolicznej w filozofii" (1965) oraz "Uwagi o stosowaniu logiki symbolicznej" (1967), w końcu fragmenty dziennika. Pokazuje się w niej, jak Drewnowski rozumiał matematykę i teorie matematyczne, jak widział logikę i jej rolę w nauce oraz na ile był zaznajomiony ze współczesnymi osiągnięciami w zakresie logiki matematycznej i podstaw matematyki oraz z ich konsekwencjami dla filozofii matematyki.
Czy przedmiotem radości może być coś innego niż Bóg? Augustyn, Piotr Lombard, Bonawentura o "usus" i "fruitio"
Authors: Płotka Magdalena
Published: April 2020

Artykuł omawia historyczny rozwój koncepcji radości w filozofii i teologii średniowiecznej. Koncentruje się na trzech autorach: Augustynie, Piotrze Lombardzie i Bonawenturze, i przedstawia kolejne trzy teorie radości: radość jako posiadanie pożądanego przedmiotu (Augustyn), radość jako oczekiwanie na pożądany przedmiot (Piotr Lombard) oraz radość jako dystans w stosunku do pożądanego przedmiotu (Bonawentura). Wreszcie, artykuł argumentuje, że dzieje radości w okresie 395–druga połowa XIII wieku to dzieje coraz większego docenienia radości i dostrzeżenia jej właściwego znaczenia w życiu człowieka.
How realism promotes better social outcomes than empiricism and subjective idealism
Authors: Stegmann Juan Pablo
Published: April 2020

This paper proposes a conceptual model that fosters interdisciplinary thinking and critical thinking by connecting the three main philosophical traditions that impact modern thinking – British empiricism, Continental Europe subjective idealism, and realism – with their epistemological foundations and in combination with modern social disciplines: ethics, social responsibility, and political economy. Through a statistical analysis this paper shows which of the three epistemologies produces better social outcomes.
Kremasyonun Tarihçesi ve Türkiye’de Kremasyon
Authors: Coşkun Sevim , Büken Nüket
Published: April 2020

Kremasyon, ölen kişinin yakılması işlemidir; bu işlem krematoryum adı verilen kremasyon fırınlarında yapılmaktadır ve bu işlemden sonra geriye kalan kemik parçacıkları ve küller urne adı verilen bir kabın içerisine konmaktadır. Tarihte, ilk kremasyonun Prehistorik dönemde yapıldığı düşünülmektedir. Günümüzde, Türkiye’de cenazeler için kremasyon işleminin yapılacağı bir krematoryum bulunmamasına rağmen, 1930 tarihli ve 1593 sayılı Umumi Hıfzıssıhha Kanunu’nda, 224. ve 225. maddelerde, cesetlerin yakılmasına izin verilmiştir. Bahsedilen 224. maddede, ölülerin yakılması için gereken fırınları yaptırma yetkisi belediyelere verilmiştir; fakat ülkemizde hiçbir belediye bu fırınlardan yaptırmamıştır. Yani cesedinin yakılmasını isteyen kişi için, hukuki değil fiili bir imkânsızlık hali vardır. Bu çalışmada, kremasyonun genel tarihi ile Türkiye’deki tarihsel süreci ele alınmış, Türk Hukuku ve İnsan Hakları açısından da konu değerlendirilmiştir. Buna göre, günümüzde Türkiye’nin farklı yerlerinden farklı grupların (Ateistler, Hristiyanlar hatta Müslümanların) öldükten sonra yakılmaya yönelik taleplerinin bir karşılığı yoktur. Bunun için bir krematoryum, gerekli teçhizat ve müsaade yoktur, belediyelerin de buna yönelik bir çalışmaları yoktur. Umumi Hıfzıssıhha Kanunu temel olmak üzere, yasalar açısından ülkemizde krematoryum yapılmasına engel yoktur. İnsan hakları gereği olarak da her bir kişinin öldükten sonra cesedinin yakılmasını isteme hakkı vardır. Anayasada da din ve vicdan özgürlüğü öngörülmektedir. Bu nedenle ülkemizde, öldükten sonra yakılmak isteyen vatandaşlarımızın talepleri devlet tarafından değerlendirilmelidir.
Induction and Immunosuppressive Management of Pancreas Transplant Recipients
Authors: Amorese Gabriella , Lombardo Carlo , Tudisco Antonella , Iacopi Sara , Menonna Francesca , Marchetti Piero , Vistoli Fabio , Boggi Ugo
Published: April 2020

Background:

Despite improved overall outcomes, rejection continues to occur frequently after pancreas
transplantation.

Objective:

To review the literature and to provide a state-of-the-art assessment of current practice and developments
of immunosuppressive regimens in pancreas transplantation.

Methods:

The literature was reviewed and relevant articles were retrieved and analyzed.

Results:

Induction therapy is used in approximately 90% of the transplants, with T-cell depleting antibodies being
the prevalent therapy (>90%). Despite the initial enthusiasm on steroid-free regimens, maintenance protocols
continue to be mostly based on a combination of steroids, tacrolimus, and mycophenolate mofetil. Tacrolimus is
used in the majority of recipients. Sirolimus is rarely used at the time of transplant and is introduced later on in
approximately 10% of the recipients, mostly in the context of a switching strategy to address the side effects of
calcineurin inhibitors. The overall quality of published studies was quite low, because of the retrospective design,
the heterogeneity of study groups with respect to PTx categories, the inclusion of mixed recipient categories with
respect to immunologic risk profile, and the use of non-standardized concurrent immunosuppressive therapies. In
addition, most reported studies were clearly underpowered, and treatment outcomes were not standardized.

Conclusions:

Since approximately two decades, immunosuppression in pancreas transplantation mostly consists of
induction with depleting antibodies and maintenance therapy using a combination of steroids, tacrolimus, and
mycophenolate mofetil. While true novelty would be very much needed, this review confirms the wide use and
the clinical efficacy of this regimen.
Peer Review of Renewable Energy-based Adaptive Protection(s) & Relay Coordination Optimization Techniques
Authors: Shrivastava Aayush , Saini Devender K. , Pandit Manjaree
Published: April 2020

Background:

Distributed Sustainable Energy Generation (DSEG) has become a leading
trend in modern R&D to achieve practical, financial, and environmental benefits. With respect to the
power system, the benefits are minimization of power failures, enhancement of energy quality &
reliability, congestion relief, and smart/micro grid demand response. The widespread use of modern
technologies encourages the use of DSEG for safe power production and power loss reduction. Besides,
it also poses new challenges such as optimal placement of relays, protection device settings,
and voltage control problems in power systems.

:

Among various solutions reported in the literature, a widely accepted solution seems to be the deployment
of Fault Current Limiter (FCL) to minimize DSEG impacts. However, FCLs are an expensive
option to restore relay coordination. The adaptive protection scheme provides benefits to the
smart grid's advanced features and serves as an efficient solution to address new DSEG and FCL
challenges.

Objective:

This paper presents an extensive review of the effect of DSEG on distribution systems
from the safety point of view, different optimization techniques used for adaptive protections, optimal
relay coordination, and merits & demerits of FCL.

Methods:

The paper discusses various recent optimization and hybrid optimization techniques used
for solving the Optimal Relay Coordination model (ORC). Adaptive and FCL based non-adaptive
techniques are also discussed to solve this model. An attempt has also been made to present a comparative
study of various optimization techniques in tabular form, considering different bus models
and their outcomes.

Conclusion:

Comparative study of these techniques shows that Water cycle optimization, hybrid
whale-GWO and GSA-SQP algorithms give better results in solving the ORC problem. FCL based
non-adaptive technique was found better as compared with adaptive techniques because a greater
number of DGs can be integrated on a grid with less complexity.
Nuevos roles de las fuerzas armadas en seguridad. Experiencias de México, Colombia y Perú
Authors: Hurtado Noriega Carlos , Doria Velarde Adán José
Published: April 2020

Este artículo aborda el tema de la participación de las fuerzas armadas en tareas de seguridad pública a partir del análisis de los casos latinoamericanos de México, Colombia y Perú. Actualmente varios países emplean sus fuerzas armadas como apoyo a la policía o les asignan una función directa, especialmente cuando la policía es sobrepasada o hay graves problemas de corrupción institucional. Cada país es soberano en esta asignación de roles, pero en situaciones de crisis política y social se recurre a ellas sin contar siempre con un marco legal que respalde las decisiones. Este artículo analiza la posibilidad de que las fuerzas armadas combatan las nuevas amenazas en seguridad a partir de estos tres casos, y explica los pros y contras de esta alternativa.
Estrategia formativa en defensa digital para adolescentes: experiencia en el Instituto Federal de São Paulo
Authors: Basile Felipe Rodrigues Martinez , Ramírez López Leonardo Juan
Published: April 2020

En una sociedad que se integra a la era de la economía del conocimiento, el aprendizaje en defensa digital para adolescentes es fundamental, en especial para los técnicos de redes informáticas. Este artículo presenta una propuesta formativa desarrollada en el Instituto Federal de São Paulo - Campus São Paulo Pirituba, estructurada en cinco ejes de estudio para la gestión y seguridad de la información, así como los proyectos integradores surgidos en este curso. Participaron 42 estudiantes de educación técnica integrados a la escuela secundaria, quienes presentaron, desde sus intereses personales de indagación, cuatro trabajos sobre temas relacionados con la defensa digital: malware, prevención y capacitación, secuestro de datos y ciberacoso. Estos proyectos ponen en práctica los conocimientos aprendidos y su aplicación en investigaciones que forman parte de la educación profesional.
Geopolítica de las tierras raras: un recurso natural estratégico para la seguridad multidimensional del Estado
Authors: Álvarez Calderón Carlos Enrique , Trujillo Palacio John Heberaldo
Published: April 2020

El grupo de las tierras raras incluye los 15 lantánidos junto con el itrio y el escandio. Aunque no son tan raros, se encuentran en distintos tipos de depósitos y en lugares muy específicos. Por sus excepcionales propiedades magnéticas y conductoras, para las tecnologías y el sector militar son cada vez más importantes. Esto los convierte en un recurso natural estratégico de relevancia geopolítica, que puede afectar la seguridad multidimensional de los Estados. Este artículo analiza, desde la historia del descubrimiento y el uso de estos elementos, cuáles son los factores estratégicos en el proceso de extracción y procesamiento, la posición geopolítica dominante de China en el sector, así como la explotación ilegal en Colombia. Así, este artículo muestra la importancia del tema en los estudios sobre seguridad.
Pengembangan LKPD IPA “Pesona Pantai Parangtris” berbasis learning cycle 7E beserta efeknya terhadap critical thinking
Authors: Utami Danik Noor , Aznam Nurfina
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan dan keefektifan LKPD IPA “Pesona Pantai Parangtritis” berbasis Learning Cycle 7E beserta efeknya terhadap critical thinking. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian pengembangan metode 4D yaitu define, design, develop, disseminate dengan menggunakan pretest-posttest control group design. Penilaan kelayakan produk dilakukan oleh ahli media dan ahli materi untuk mengetahui kevalidan, kepraktisan yang dilakukan oleh guru, dan keterbacaan peserta didik. Hasil penilian kelayakan oleh ahli materi, media, dan guru berturut-turut sebagai berikut 3,6; 3,56; 3,7 dengan skor maksimal adalah 4 (sangat valid). Uji keterbacaan mendapat nilai sebesar 3,5 dari skor maksimal 4 (sangat baik). Hasil gain skor ternormalisasi menunjukan peningkatan dalam pembelajaran dikelas eksperimen 0,86 tergolong tinggi dan kelas kontrol 0,66 tergolong rendah. Efektivitas penelitian menggunakan uji independentsample t testdengan nilai sig.(2-tailed) 0,000 kurang dari 0,05. Hasil uji menunjukan bahwa LKPD IPA “Pesona Pantai Parangtritis” berbasis Learning Cycle 7E efektif meningkatkan critical thinking peserta didik SMP N 1 Bantul. Development of science worksheet “Charm of Parangtritis Beach” based on the 7E learning cycle and its effect on critical thinking AbstractThis study aims to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of the Science Worksheet “charm of Parangtritis Beach” based on 7E Learning Cycle to improve critical thinking. This type of research is a 4D method development research that is defined, design, develop, disseminate using pretest-posttest control group design. The assessment of the feasibility of the product is carried out by media experts and material experts to find out the validity, practicality carried out by the teacher, and readability of students. The results of the assessment of eligibility by material experts, the media, and teachers are as follows 3.6; 3.56; 3.7 with a maximum score of 4 (very valid). Readability test gets a value of 3.5 from a maximum score of 4 (very good). Normalized score gain results showed an increase in learning in the experimental class 0.86 is high and the control class 0.66 is low. The effectiveness of the study used an independent sample t-test with a value of sig. (2-tailed) 0,000 less than 0.05. The test results show that Science worksheet based on 7E Learning Science Cycle integrated Local Potentials of Parangtritis Beach effective in improving students’ critical thinking.
Containing COVID-19 Among 627,386 Persons in Contact With the Diamond Princess Cruise Ship Passengers Who Disembarked in Taiwan: Big Data Analytics
Authors: Chen Chi-Mai , Jyan Hong-Wei , Chien Shih-Chieh , Jen Hsiao-Hsuan , Hsu Chen-Yang , Lee Po-Chang , Lee Chun-Fu , Yang Yi-Ting , Chen Meng-Yu , Chen Li-Sheng , Chen Hsiu-Hsi , Chan Chang-Chuan
Published: April 2020

Background

Low infection and case-fatality rates have been thus far observed in Taiwan. One of the reasons for this major success is better use of big data analytics in efficient contact tracing and management and surveillance of those who require quarantine and isolation.

Objective

We present here a unique application of big data analytics among Taiwanese people who had contact with more than 3000 passengers that disembarked at Keelung harbor in Taiwan for a 1-day tour on January 31, 2020, 5 days before the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on the Diamond Princess cruise ship on February 5, 2020, after an index case was identified on January 20, 2020.

Methods

The smart contact tracing–based mobile sensor data, cross-validated by other big sensor surveillance data, were analyzed by the mobile geopositioning method and rapid analysis to identify 627,386 potential contact-persons. Information on self-monitoring and self-quarantine was provided via SMS, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) tests were offered for symptomatic contacts. National Health Insurance claims big data were linked, to follow-up on the outcome related to COVID-19 among those who were hospitalized due to pneumonia and advised to undergo screening for SARS-CoV-2.

Results

As of February 29, a total of 67 contacts who were tested by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction were all negative and no confirmed COVID-19 cases were found. Less cases of respiratory syndrome and pneumonia were found after the follow-up of the contact population compared with the general population until March 10, 2020.

Conclusions

Big data analytics with smart contact tracing, automated alert messaging for self-restriction, and follow-up of the outcome related to COVID-19 using health insurance data could curtail the resources required for conventional epidemiological contact tracing.
Trends in the incidence and mortality of oral cancer in Nevada (Preprint)
Authors: Foote Kevin , Kingsley Karl
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

Reviews of national and state-specific cancer registries have revealed differences in rates of oral cancer incidence and mortality that have implications for public health research and policy. Many significant associations between head and neck (oral) cancers and major risk factors, such as cigarette usage, may be influenced by public health policy such as smoking restrictions and bans – including the Nevada Clean Indoor Act of 2006 (and subsequent modification in 2011).

OBJECTIVE

Although evaluation of general and regional advances in public policy have been previously evaluated, no recent studies have focused specifically on the changes to the epidemiology of oral cancer incidence and mortality in Nevada.

METHODS

Cancer incidence and mortality rate data were obtained from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (DCCPS) Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program. Most recently available rate changes in cancer incidence and mortality for Nevada included the years 2012 – 2016 and are age-adjusted to the year 2000 standard US population. Comparisons of any differences between Nevada and the overall US population were evaluated using Chi square analysis.

RESULTS

This analysis revealed that the overall rates of incidence and mortality from oral cancer in Nevada differs from that observed in the overall US population. For example, although the incidence of oral cancer among Caucasians is increasing in Nevada and the US overall, it is increasing at nearly twice that rate in Nevada, P=0.0002. In addition, although oral cancer incidence among Minorities in the US is declining, it is increasing in Nevada , P=0.0001. Analysis of reported mortality causes revealed that mortality from oral cancer increased in the US overall but declined in Nevada during the same period (2012-2016). More specifically, mortality among both Males and Females in the US is increasing, but is declining in Nevada, P=0.0027.

CONCLUSIONS

Analysis of the epidemiologic data from Nevada compared with the overall US revealed significant differences in rates of oral cancer incidence and mortality. More specifically, oral cancer incidence increased in Nevada between 2012-2016 among all groups analyzed (Males, Females, White, Minority), while decreases were observed nationally among Females and Minorities. Although mortality in Nevada decreased over this same time period (in contrast to the national trends), the lag time between diagnosis (incidence) and mortality suggests that these trends will change in the near future.

CLINICALTRIAL

Not applicable
Mobile Insight in Risk, Resilience, and Online Referral (MIRROR): Psychometric Evaluation of an Online Self-Help Test (Preprint)
Authors: van Herpen Merel Marjolein , Boeschoten Manon A , te Brake Hans , van der Aa Niels , Olff Miranda
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

Most people who experience a potentially traumatic event (PTE) recover on their own. A small group of individuals develops psychological complaints, but this is often not detected in time or guidance to care is suboptimal. To identify these individuals and encourage them to seek help, a web-based self-help test called Mobile Insight in Risk, Resilience, and Online Referral (MIRROR) was developed. MIRROR takes an innovative approach since it integrates both negative and positive outcomes of PTEs and time since the event and provides direct feedback to the user.

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this study was to assess MIRROR’s use, examine its psychometric properties (factor structure, internal consistency, and convergent and divergent validity), and evaluate how well it classifies respondents into different outcome categories compared with reference measures.

METHODS

MIRROR was embedded in the website of Victim Support Netherlands so visitors could use it. We compared MIRROR’s outcomes to reference measures of PTSD symptoms (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5), depression, anxiety, stress (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale–21), psychological resilience (Resilience Evaluation Scale), and positive mental health (Mental Health Continuum Short Form).

RESULTS

In 6 months, 1112 respondents completed MIRROR, of whom 663 also completed the reference measures. Results showed good internal consistency (interitem correlations range .24 to .55, corrected item-total correlations range .30 to .54, and Cronbach alpha coefficient range .62 to .68), and convergent and divergent validity (Pearson correlations range –.259 to .665). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA+CFA) yielded a 2-factor model with good model fit (CFA model fit indices: χ219=107.8, P<.001, CFI=.965, TLI=.948, RMSEA=.065), conceptual meaning, and parsimony. MIRROR correctly classified respondents into different outcome categories compared with the reference measures.

CONCLUSIONS

MIRROR is a valid and reliable self-help test to identify negative (PTSD complaints) and positive outcomes (psychosocial functioning and resilience) of PTEs. MIRROR is an easily accessible online tool that can help people who have experienced a PTE to timely identify psychological complaints and find appropriate support, a tool that might be highly needed in times like the coronavirus pandemic.
DOLAR HEGEMONYASI VE KRİPTO PARA MÜHENDİSLİĞİ ÜZERİNE TEKNOLOJİK RİSK ANALİZİ
Authors: EFE Ahmet
Published: April 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışmadaki amacımız, ABD Dolar senyorajının ne boyutta oluğunu tespit etmek ve bunun kripto paraların yükselişiyle etkilenip etkilenmeyeceğini anlamaya çalışmaktır.Yöntem: Bu çoklu disipliner çalışmamızda, henüz yaygınlaşmamış olmakla birlikte özellikle dijital/kripto para mekanizmasının ABD Dolarının küresel ölçekte hegemonyasını sarsabilecek bir potansiyelde olup olmaması noktasında hegemonya, paradigma, senyoraj ve parasal miktar kuramları çerçevesinde çoklu analiz yapılmaktadır.Bulgular: ABD Doları, diğer uluslar tarafından rezerv para, değişim aracı ve değer ölçümü olarak kullanıldığından günümüzde sadece ulusal senyoraj değil, aynı zamanda küresel senyoraj aracı olarak da rakipsiz bir avantaj sağlamaktadır. Bu sayede diğer ulusların rekabet edemeyeceği bir üstünlük elde etmiştir. Türk Lirası (TL) örneğinde görüldüğü gibi pek çok gelişmekte olan ülke paralarının değer kaybından dolayı sıkıntılar yaşamaktadır. Elle tutulur ortamdan e-devlet/MIS dijital alanına kayan devletin parası da aynı eğilim ve metotla sanal ve kripto ortama taşınmak zorundadır. Özellikle Korona Virüs salgını sonrasında kağıt paraların da enfeksiyon bulaştırma riski ön plana çıktığından Dijital Dolar için ABD Senatosunda yasa önerilerinin tartışılıyor olması bu hususta gerekli alt yapının hızlı bir şekilde hazırlanacağı anlaşılmaktadır. Hatta saygın bilim otoriteleri ve politikacılar tarafından Korona Virüsün Endüstri 4.0 için ortam oluşturmak maksadıyla yapay olarak geliştirilmiş olduğu iddialarının/suçlamalarının yanı sıra, pek çok gelişmiş ülkede insanlara mikro chip takılması ve kripto paralara geçilmesi ciddi bir gündem haline gelmiştir.Sonuç: Kripto para mühendisliğinde kullanılan blokzinciri teknolojisi, ulus paralara rakip olabilecek Bitcoin denilen çeşitli elektronik para uygulamaları ile birlikte aynı zamanda bir belgenin veya varlığın ispatlanmasında da kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Kripto paraların ülkelerin rezerv para uygulamalarını ve ABD’nin Dolar Senyorajını bozacak potansiyelde olabileceği sunucuna varılmıştır. Ancak, Fereral Reserv Merkez Bankasının Dijital Dolar için gerekli alt yapıyı hazırlamış olduğuyla ilgili haberler dikkate alındığında Dolar kullanımının ve bundan kaynaklanan senyorajın devam ettirilme ihtimalinin de güçlü olduğu söylenebilir.
KAMU HASTANELERİNDE VE ÖZEL HASTANELERDE YAPILAN DIŞ ÇEVRE ANALİZİNİN VİZYON VE MİSYON OLUŞTURMA İLE İLİŞKİSİ HAKKINDA YÖNETİCİ GÖRÜŞLERİ (ANKARA İLİNDE BİR UYGULAMA)
Authors: DEMİR Özlem , ÖZTÜRK Zekai
Published: April 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Ankara ilinde faaliyette bulunan kamu ve özel hastanelerde yapılan dış çevre analizinin misyon ve vizyon oluşturma ile ilişkisi hakkındaki yönetici görüşlerinin belirlenmesidir. Yöntem: “Dış Çevre Analizi” ve “Misyon ve Vizyon“ ölçekleri geliştirilmiştir. Dış Çevre Analizi Ölçeği “Genel Çevre” ve “Sektörel Çevre” boyutlarında, Misyon ve Vizyon Ölçeği “Misyon” ve “Vizyon” boyutlarında incelenmiştir. AFA sonucu elde edilen dört faktörlü (genel çevre, sektörel çevre, misyon ve vizyon) yapının dış çevre analizi ölçeğinde toplam varyansın %40,134’lük; misyon ve vizyon ölçeğinde ise toplam varyansın 62,190’lık kısmını açıkladığı belirlenmiştir. Söz konusu ölçeklerin güvenilirliklerini belirlemek amacıyla Cronbach Alpha iç tutarlılık katsayısı değeri incelenmiş ve bu değer “Dış Çevre Analizi” ölçeğinde yer alan ifadelerde 0,89; “Misyon ve Vizyon” ölçeğinde yer alan ifadelerde 0,93 olarak tespit edilmiştir.Ankara ilinde faaliyette bulunan kamu ve özel hastanelerde çalışan 600 üst ve orta düzey yönetici olduğu tespit edilerek,bu yöneticilerden tabakalı örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen 273 kişiye anket uygulaması yapılmıştır.Verilerin analizinde Manova Analizinden yararlanılmıştır.Bulgular: Katılımcıların “Dış Çevre Analizi” ölçeğinde yer alan ifadelere 3,56; “Misyon ve Vizyon“ ölçeğinde yer alan ifadelere 3,85 oranında katıldıkları belirlenmiştir. Dış çevre analizini kullanarak misyon ve vizyon oluşturma ile hastane türü değişkeni arasında anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmuştur.Sonuç: Dış çevre analizi ve misyon ve vizyon ölçeğindeki görüşlere ilişkin ortalamaların özel hastanelerde çalışan yöneticilerde kamu hastanelerindeki yöneticilerden daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Kreativitas Generasi Pesona Indonesia (Genpi) Yogyakarta dalam Mempromosikan Destinasi Digital, Studi Kasus Pasar Ngingrong Gunungkidul
Authors: Musthofa Budiman Mahmud
Published: April 2020

Abstract Generasi Pesona Indonesia (GenPI) is a community that was inaugurated by the Ministry of Tourism of the Republic of Indonesia in 2016 as an effort in the promotion and development of Indonesian tourism through a digital platform. GenPI is spread in various regions in Indonesia, one of which is in Jogjakarta. This study aims to find out the creativity of the GenPI Yogyakarta in promoting tourism destination, especially the Digital Destinations of “Pasar Ngingrong”, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with a case study. The results showed that creativity GenPI Jogja in promoting the Digital Destinations of “Pasar Ngingrong” was carried out using social media through the four stages of the promotion, which starts from the process of determining the content, content retrieval, content editing and uploading to social media. GenPI's promotional creativity has succeeded in increasing the number of tourists, helping to advance the digital destination of “Pasar Ngingrong” and providing various positive impacts for digital destination management, Government, and local communities. Keywords: GenPI, Promotion, Digital Destinations, Pasar Ngingrong
Implementasi Pariwisata Berkelanjutan di Pulau Maratua, Kabupaten Berau, Kalimantan Timur
Authors: Junaid Ilham
Published: April 2020

The benefits of Maratua Island as tourism attraction should belong to the local community. For this reason, sustainable tourism must be implemented to help community obtain economic benefits and to preserve the natural and cultural resources. This research aims at analysing the implementation of sustainable tourism and proposing recommendations of strategies for sustainable tourism at Maratua Island. This research employs qualitative approach through interviews to the government staff (in tourism board), local community and local leader in Maratua island as well as participant observation in 2017. The research reveals that although the members of community have participated in tourism activity, unsustainable practices by the local community constraint the goal of sustainable tourism. The existence of outsiders (investors) have encouraged the participation of community in tourism. However, the local community should be encouraged to have good job positions rather than as low level worker. This research recommend efforts to achieve sustainable tourism including the importance of socialisation about tourism to community and education and training in creative economy. The government has the role in facilitating such efforts and regulating the investors. Trash boat is considered important in overcoming the issues of environment. In addition, ambassador (duta) of environment and tourism is essential in providing information about tourism and issues on sustainability and sustainable tourism.
Acute Toxicity of Jatropha Curcas L. Latex and Its Histopathological Effects on Dental Pulp and Periapical Tissues
Authors: Siregar Fazwishni , Damayanti Rini
Published: April 2020

Traditional uses of Jatropha curcas L. latex,among others, are to cure toothache. This study aimed to evaluate the acute toxicity of J. curcas latex by oral route and to assess the histopathological effects of J. curcas latex on dental pulp and periapical tissues. For acute toxicity, the latex of 5 g/kg BW was administered intragastrically to the test groups of albino mice and water to the control groups. The assessment was based upon mortality, sign of toxicity, body weight, and histological evaluation of organs. Results showed no mortality in mice up to 5 g/kg body weight, no sign of toxicity, and no tissue alterations macroscopically and histopathologically were observed. There’s no significant difference in body weight between the test and control, both in male and female groups. For testing histopathologic effect on dental pulp, the latex was brought in contact with dental pulp and sealed. The assessment was based on the presence of inflammation and necrosis in dental pulp and periapical tissues, histopathologically. Results showed inflammation and necrosis, which was in direct contact with the latex were observed in a limited area, while underneath was normal pulp. No inflammation or necrosis in periapical tissues was observed in all groups. It caused coagulative necrosis in the pulp which was in direct contact with latex. It can be concluded that J. curcas latex is slightly toxic to mice at a single dose of oral administration. Inflammation and necrosis are observed on dental pulp which is in contact with latex while the tissue underneath is normal. It did not caused inflammation on periapical tissues.