bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Power Allocation and Splitting with Imperfect Channel Estimation in Energy Harvesting Based Self-Organizing Networks
Authors: Lee Kisong , Ko JeongGil
Published: August 2016

As miniature-sized embedded computing platforms are ubiquitously deployed to our everyday environments, the issue of managing their power usage becomes important, especially when they are used in energy harvesting based self-organizing networks. One way to provide these devices with continuous power is to utilize RF-based energy transfer. Previous research in RF-based information and energy transfer builds up on the assumption that perfect channel estimation is easily achievable. However, as our preliminary experiments and many previous literature in wireless network systems show, making perfect estimations of the wireless channel is extremely challenging due to their quality fluctuations. To better reflect reality, in this work, we introduce an adaptive power allocation and splitting (APAS) scheme which takes imperfect channel estimations into consideration. Our evaluation results show that the proposed APAS scheme achieves near-optimal performances for transferring energy and data over a single RF transmission.
JARID1B Enables Transit between Distinct States of the Stem-like Cell Population in Oral Cancers
Authors: Facompre Nicole D. , Harmeyer Kayla M. , Sole Xavier , Kabraji Sheheryar , Belden Zachary , Sahu Varun , Whelan Kelly , Tanaka Koji , Weinstein Gregory S. , Montone Kathleen T. , Roesch Alexander , Gimotty Phyllis A. , Herlyn Meenhard , Rustgi Anil K. , Nakagawa Hiroshi , Ramaswamy Sridhar , Basu Devraj
Published: August 2016

The degree of heterogeneity among cancer stem cells (CSC) remains ill-defined and may hinder effective anti-CSC therapy. Evaluation of oral cancers for such heterogeneity identified two compartments within the CSC pool. One compartment was detected using a reporter for expression of the H3K4me3 demethylase JARID1B to isolate a JARID1Bhigh fraction of cells with stem cell–like function. JARID1Bhigh cells expressed oral CSC markers including CD44 and ALDH1 and showed increased PI3K pathway activation. They were distinguished from a fraction in a G0-like cell-cycle state characterized by low reactive oxygen species and suppressed PI3K/AKT signaling. G0-like cells lacked conventional CSC markers but were primed to acquire stem cell–like function by upregulating JARID1B, which directly mediated transition to a state expressing known oral CSC markers. The transition was regulated by PI3K signals acting upstream of JARID1B expression, resulting in PI3K inhibition depleting JARID1Bhigh cells but expanding the G0-like subset. These findings define a novel developmental relationship between two cell phenotypes that may jointly contribute to CSC maintenance. Expansion of the G0-like subset during targeted depletion of JARID1Bhigh cells implicates it as a candidate therapeutic target within the oral CSC pool. Cancer Res; 76(18); 5538–49. ©2016 AACR.
Postnatal Mother-to-Infant Attachment in Subclinically Depressed Mothers: Dyads at Risk?
Authors: Behrendt Hannah F. , Konrad Kerstin , Goecke Tamme W. , Fakhrabadi Roya , Herpertz-Dahlmann Beate , Firk Christine
Published: August 2016

Background: Dyadic interactions between children and depressed mothers have been characterized as less synchronous and with lower maternal sensitivity, fostering an inharmonious, insecure attachment relationship between mother and child. Thus, these children may experience enhanced early life stress and are at higher risk of disturbed socioemotional development. Recently, this association has also been found in women with mild depressive symptoms. However, potential confounding effects of mother's history of own rearing experiences or infant temperament on the link between depressive symptoms and postnatal mother-to-infant attachment have not yet been investigated. Methods: Differences in mother-to-infant attachment (e.g. quality of attachment, absence of hostility, and pleasure in interaction) between mothers with and without symptoms of depression 6-8 months postpartum were analyzed in a low-risk community sample (n = 38, 19 per group). Depressive symptomatology was measured with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Depressed mothers indicated mild-to-moderate depressive symptomatology (mean BDI-II 11.26 ± 3.86) but did not fulfill criteria for a major depressive episode and, thus, were referred to as ‘subclinically' depressed. Potential confounders, namely maternal history of own rearing experiences and infant temperament, were explored by multivariate AN(C)OVA. Results: Primiparous mothers with subclinical depression differed significantly from healthy control mothers, i.e. showed poorer mother-to-infant attachment and higher infant-related hostility 6-8 months postpartum. As expected, infant temperament and mother's history of own rearing experiences were both associated with mother-to-infant attachment but did not explain the negative effects of subclinical depression on the mother-infant relationship. Conclusions: Given the high prevalence of maternal depression, the current findings give reason for increased concern for the developing mother-child relationship. Therefore, early interventions are needed that focus on the mother-child dyad and target not only clinically but also subclinically depressed mothers.
Diagnosis Accuracy of Transcutaneous Bilirubinometry in Very Preterm Newborns
Authors: Rubio Amandine , Epiard Chloé , Gebus Maya , Deiber Michel , Samperiz Sylvain , Genty Céline , Ego Anne , Debillon Thierry
Published: August 2016

Background: Transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) is a validated test for systematic screening of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and monitoring term and near-term infants under phototherapy. Objectives: To evaluate TcB diagnostic accuracy for very preterm neonates. Methods: Total serum bilirubin (TSB) and TcB measurements were performed prospectively in a multicenter sample of newborns <30 weeks of gestational age (GA). TcB sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios for the detection of neonates requiring phototherapy were calculated over the first 15 days of life, with or without phototherapy, with the expectation of achieving a detection rate of hyperbilirubinemia of over 95%. The potential influence of neonatal characteristics on the discordance between TcB and TSB in very preterm newborns was analyzed using multivariate multilevel logistic regression analyses. Results: Altogether, 481 measurements were analyzed in 167 preterm patients. Mean GA was 27.6 ± 1.6 weeks. The rates of newborns requiring phototherapy were 52% in the first 3 days, 16% from the 4th to the 7th day, and 2% during the second week. Diagnostic performance was similar among babies with or without phototherapy. TcB sensitivity decreased over time from 100% (93.9-100.0) to 50% (1.3-98.7). Specificity showed an inverse evolution from 14.8% (7.0-26.2) to 80.7% (72.2-89.2). The best performance was that of negative predictive values which varied from 95.5 to 100.0. False negatives were rare throughout the study (0.8% of measurements). In a multivariate analysis, the only factor significantly influencing discordance between TcB and TSB was postnatal age. We did not find any impact of GA and skin color. Conclusion: Among very preterm babies, TcB measurements might be useful for screening for neonatal jaundice in the first 2 weeks of life. In case of a TcB value below the phototherapy threshold, invasive TSB quantification could be unnecessary, with potential avoidance of blood drawing.
Clinical Effects of a 6-Month Treatment Course of Ibandronate, Vitamin D, and Calcium in Postmenopausal Women from Central America: Results of a Multinational, Prospective Pilot Study
Authors: Gutierrez Carmen Elena , Codina Helga , Matamoros Pinel Cesar Benjamin , Hidalgo Edin , Arellano Arturo , Rey María Verónica , Perez-Lloret Santiago ,   for the Osteoporosis in Central America Study Team
Published: August 2016

Background/Aims: To explore the effects of ibandronate plus a supplementation of vitamin D and calcium on bone mineral density (BMD) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a sample of postmenopausal women from Central America. Secondarily, factors related to the magnitude of improvements in BMD after treatment were investigated. Methods: Postmenopausal women with idiopathic osteoporosis or at risk of developing it, who were going to start treatment with ibandronate 150 mg once a month plus daily supplementation with vitamin D 400-800 IU and calcium 500-1,000 mg, were followed up for 6 months. BMD, HRQoL (mini-Osteoporosis Quality of Life Questionnaire), and treatment adherence (Morisky scale) were studied before and after treatment. Results: Four hundred and twenty-five women were assessed at baseline, and 308 (72%) were reassessed at month 6. Lumbar spine, proximal femur, and hip BMD increased by 3.35 ± 0.75, 1.88 ± 0.50, and 2.75 ± 0.32%, respectively (p < 0.001 for all). HRQoL total score and emotional functioning, symptoms, physical function, and leisure subscores improved by 26-49% (p < 0.01 in all cases). Lower body mass index, younger age at menopause, use of corticoids, and higher adherence were significantly and independently associated with a greater improvement in lumbar spine BMD (logistic regression). Conclusion: Improvements in BMD and HRQoL after ibandronate, vitamin D, and calcium were observed in patients from Central America, which should be confirmed by double-blind, randomized, controlled trials. Lack of adherence to ibandronate was related to worse outcomes, thus highlighting the need for work on this issue with patients on treatment.
O escudo de Aníbal: Punica 2.395–456
Authors: Dibbern Cynthia Helena
Published: August 2016

O estudo analisa a écfrase do escudo de Aníbal, situada no livro dois da epopeia Punica de Sílio Itálico. Ao contemplar as imagens gravadas na arma, Aníbal reconhece-se como o ultor conclamado por Dido. Entretanto, aos olhos do leitor romano, alguns elementos descritos podem ser interpretados ambiguamente como proféticos da derrota cartaginesa.
O livro e o templo: poesia flaviana e arte cotidiana
Authors: Leite Leni Ribeiro
Published: August 2016

A partir da compreensão de que a écfrase é um elemento retórico cujos limites eram mais amplos no mundo antigo do que em nossa contemporaneidade, este artigo tem por objetivo discutir a função da écfrase de objetos cotidianos nas poéticas de Marcial e Estácio como indicativos de mudanças sociais e culturais do período flaviano.
Progression of Metabolic Syndrome Severity During the Menopausal Transition
Authors: Gurka Matthew J. , Vishnu Abhishek , Santen Richard J. , DeBoer Mark D.
Published: August 2016

Background

After menopause, women exhibit a higher prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and higher risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the timing of changes in MetS severity over the menopausal transition and whether these changes differ by racial/ethnic group remain unclear.

Methods and Results

We assessed data from 1470 women from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities cohort who experienced transition in menopausal status over 10 years (visits 1–4). We used linear mixed models to evaluate changes by menopausal status (premenopause, perimenopause, and postmenopause) in a MetS severity
Z
‐score and in the individual MetS components. While there were gradual increases in MetS severity over time across menopause stages, black women in particular exhibited more rapid progression in MetS severity during the premenopausal and perimenopausal periods than during the postmenopausal period. In the postmenopausal period (compared with prior periods), white women exhibited unfavorable decreases in high‐density lipoprotein, while black women exhibited favorable alterations in the rate of change for waist circumference, triglycerides, high‐density lipoprotein, and glucose, contributing to the slowed progression of MetS severity. These changes were all observed after adjusting for hormone replacement treatment.

Conclusions

During menopausal transition, women exhibited rapid increases in MetS severity during the premenopausal and perimenopausal periods, with black women having significant reductions in this increase in severity during the postmenopausal period. These data suggest that the higher prevalence of MetS in postmenopausal women may be caused more by changes during the menopausal transition than by postmenopause. These findings may thus have implications regarding the timing of cardiovascular risk relative to menopause.
Identity of Pourthiaea podocarpifolia (Rosaceae)
Authors: LIU BIN-BIN , HONG DE-YUAN
Published: August 2016

Based on extensive field observations, population sampling, examination of a large number of specimens, and subsequent statistical analysis, we found that the characters used previously to distinguish between Pourthiaea blinii and P. podocarpifolia (Rosaceae), i.e. the density of indumentum on the lower surface of leaf blade and inflorescences, are extremely various within a population and continuous in variation, and show no character correlation. These characters are therefore of little value for delimiting these two species. Here we reduce P. podocarpifolia to the synonymy of P. blinii. Lectotypification is made for both Cotoneaster blinii (basionym of Pourthiaea blinii) and Photinia podocarpifolia (basionym of Pourthiaea podocarpifolia).
Review of West-Palaearctic Hebridae with description of a new species and redescription of Hebrus fulvinervis (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)
Authors: KMENT PETR , JINDRA ZDENĚK , BERCHI GAVRIL MARIUS
Published: August 2016

A review of the West-Palaearctic Hebridae and their distribution is given, including two genera and 21 species-group taxa (18 species and 3 subspecies). A new species, Hebrus (Hebrus) atlas sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Hebroidea: Hebridae: Hebrinae), is described from Morocco and is the first micropterous species of Hebrus s. str. in the Palaearctic Region. The species Hebrus fulvinervis Horváth, 1929, not recorded since its original description, is rediscovered, redescribed, and its species status is confirmed. Based on the morphological characters, H. fulvinervis is considered closely related to H. ruficeps Thomson, 1871, and transferred to the subgenus Hebrusella Poisson, 1944. Remarks on the morphology of Hebrus syriacus Horváth, 1896 are provided and its placement in the subgenus Hebrus s. str. is confirmed. The following new or confirmed distribution records are provided: Hebrus acutiscutatus Brown, 1951 from Israel, H. fulvi-nervis from Bulgaria, H. jeanneli djaneti Poisson, 1953 from Morocco, H. montanus Kolenati, 1857 from Israel and Romania, H. pusillus arabicus Linnavuori, 1971 from Iran (Hormozgan) and Oman, H. pusillus pusillus (Fallén, 1807) from Greece and Lithuania, H. syriacus from Cyprus, and H. vaillanti Poisson, 1953 from Morocco. Several corrections concerning type localities, type material and depositories are also provided.
First record of the leafhopper genus Zyginopsis Ramakrishnan & Menon (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae: Erythroneurini) from China, with descriptions of two new species
Authors: JIANG HAO , ZHANG YALIN
Published: August 2016

The erythroneurine leafhopper genus Zyginopsis Ramakrishnan & Menon (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) is reported for the first time from China, with descriptions and illustrations of two new species, Zyginopsis paraverticalis and Zyginopsis gracilis spp. nov., and one newly recorded species from China, Zyginopsis verticalis Ahmed n. rec. A key for identification of Chinese species (adult males) is provided.
Channa aurantipectoralis, a new species of snakehead from Mizoram, north-eastern India (Teleostei: Channidae)
Authors: LALHLIMPUIA DENIS VAN , LALRONUNGA SAMUEL , LALRAMLIANA LALRAMLIANA
Published: August 2016

Channa aurantipectoralis, a new species of snakehead of the C. gachua species group, is described from Karnaphuli drainage of Mizoram, India. The species is immediately distinguished from all other snakehead species by its unique coloration in life, specifically its brightly-coloured orange pectoral fins, which lack any spots or stripes; and by the presence of a dark V-shaped blotch on the dorsal surface of the head. It can be further distinguished from all other species of the genus by the combination of the following characters: presence of pelvic fins, a large scale on the ventral surface of the lower jaw, 51–64 lateral-line scales, 34–37 dorsal-fin rays, 23–25 anal-fin rays, 13–14 pectoral-fin rays, 5½–6½ /1/ 7½–8½ transverse scale rows, and the absence of scales on the gular region.
The FLASH Project: Improving the Tools for Flash Flood Monitoring and Prediction across the United States
Authors: Gourley Jonathan J. , Flamig Zachary L. , Vergara Humberto , Kirstetter Pierre-Emmanuel , Clark Robert A. , Argyle Elizabeth , Arthur Ami , Martinaitis Steven , Terti Galateia , Erlingis Jessica M. , Hong Yang , Howard Kenneth W.
Published: August 2016

This study introduces the Flooded Locations and Simulated Hydrographs (FLASH) project. FLASH is the first system to generate a suite of hydrometeorological products at flash flood scale in real-time across the conterminous United States, including rainfall average recurrence intervals, ratios of rainfall to flash flood guidance, and distributed hydrologic model–based discharge forecasts. The key aspects of the system are 1) precipitation forcing from the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL)’s Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS) system, 2) a computationally efficient distributed hydrologic modeling framework with sufficient representation of physical processes for flood prediction, 3) capability to provide forecasts at all grid points covered by radars without the requirement of model calibration, and 4) an open-access development platform, product display, and verification system for testing new ideas in a real-time demonstration environment and for fostering collaborations.

This study assesses the FLASH system’s ability to accurately simulate unit peak discharges over a 7-yr period in 1,643 unregulated gauged basins. The evaluation indicates that FLASH’s unit peak discharges had a linear and rank correlation of 0.64 and 0.79, respectively, and that the timing of the peak discharges has errors less than 2 h. The critical success index with FLASH was 0.38 for flood events that exceeded action stage. FLASH performance is demonstrated and evaluated for case studies, including the 2013 deadly flash flood case in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, and the 2015 event in Houston, Texas—both of which occurred on Memorial Day weekends.
Seasonal Forecasts of Major Hurricanes and Landfalling Tropical Cyclones using a High-Resolution GFDL Coupled Climate Model
Authors: Murakami Hiroyuki , Vecchi Gabriel A. , Villarini Gabriele , Delworth Thomas L. , Gudgel Richard , Underwood Seth , Yang Xiaosong , Zhang Wei , Lin Shian-Jiann
Published: August 2016

Skillful seasonal forecasting of tropical cyclone (TC; wind speed ≥17.5 m s−1) activity is challenging, even more so when the focus is on major hurricanes (wind speed ≥49.4 m s−1), the most intense hurricanes (category 4 and 5; wind speed ≥58.1 m s–1), and landfalling TCs. This study shows that a 25-km-resolution global climate model [High-Resolution Forecast-Oriented Low Ocean Resolution (FLOR) model (HiFLOR)] developed at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) has improved skill in predicting the frequencies of major hurricanes and category 4 and 5 hurricanes in the North Atlantic as well as landfalling TCs over the United States and Caribbean islands a few months in advance, relative to its 50-km-resolution predecessor climate model (FLOR). HiFLOR also shows significant skill in predicting category 4 and 5 hurricanes in the western North Pacific and eastern North Pacific, while both models show comparable skills in predicting basin-total and landfalling TC frequency in the basins. The improved skillful forecasts of basin-total TCs, major hurricanes, and category 4 and 5 hurricane activity in the North Atlantic by HiFLOR are obtained mainly by improved representation of the TCs and their response to climate from the increased horizontal resolution rather than by improvements in large-scale parameters.
Intraseasonal Variability of SST and Precipitation in the Arabian Sea during the Indian Summer Monsoon: Impact of Ocean Mixed Layer Depth
Authors: Li Yuanlong , Han Weiqing , Wang Wanqiu , Ravichandran M.
Published: August 2016

This study investigates sea surface temperature (SST) and precipitation variations in the eastern Arabian Sea (EAS) induced by the northward-propagating Indian summer monsoon (ISM) intraseasonal oscillations (MISOs) through analyzing satellite observations and the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) and performing ocean general circulation model (OGCM) experiments. MISOs in the EAS achieve the largest intensity in the developing stage (May–June) of the ISM. The MISOs induce intraseasonal SST variability primarily through surface heat flux forcing, contributed by both shortwave radiation and turbulent heat flux, and secondarily through mixed layer entrainment. The shallow mixed layer depth (MLD < 40 m) in the developing stage and decaying stage (September–October) of the ISM significantly amplifies the heat flux forcing effect on SST and causes large intraseasonal SST variability. Meanwhile, the high SST (>29°C) in the developing stage leads to enhanced response of MISO convection to SST anomaly. It means that the ocean state of the EAS region during the developing stage favors active two-way air–sea interaction and the formation of the strong first-pulse MISO event. These results provide compelling evidence for the vital role played by the ocean in the MISO mechanisms and have implications for understanding and forecasting the ISM onset. Compared to satellite observation, MISOs in CFSR data have weaker SST variability by ~50% and biased SST–precipitation relation. Reducing these biases in CFSR, which provides initial conditions of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2), may help improve the ISM rainfall forecast.
A Stratified Sampling Approach for Improved Sampling from a Calibrated Ensemble Forecast Distribution
Authors: Hu Yiming , Schmeits Maurice J. , Jan van Andel Schalk , Verkade Jan S. , Xu Min , Solomatine Dimitri P. , Liang Zhongmin
Published: August 2016

Before using the Schaake shuffle or empirical copula coupling (ECC) to reconstruct the dependence structure for postprocessed ensemble meteorological forecasts, a necessary step is to sample discrete samples from each postprocessed continuous probability density function (pdf), which is the focus of this paper. In addition to the equidistance quantiles (EQ) and independent random (IR) sampling methods commonly used at present, the stratified sampling (SS) method is proposed. The performance of the three sampling methods is compared using calibrated GFS ensemble precipitation reforecasts over the Xixian basin in China. The ensemble reforecasts are first calibrated using heteroscedastic extended logistic regression (HELR), and then the three sampling methods are used to sample calibrated pdfs with a varying number of discrete samples. Finally, the effect of the sampling method on the reconstruction of ensemble members with preserved space dependence structure is analyzed by using EQ, IR, and SS in ECC for reconstructing postprocessed ensemble members for four stations in the Xixian basin. There are three main results. 1) The HELR model has a significant improvement over the raw ensemble forecast. It clearly improves the mean and dispersion of the predictive distribution. 2) Compared to EQ and IR, SS can better cover the tails of the calibrated pdfs and a better dispersion of calibrated ensemble forecasts is obtained. In terms of probabilistic verification metrics like the ranked probability skill score (RPSS), SS is slightly better than EQ and clearly better than IR, while in terms of the deterministic verification metric, root-mean-square error, EQ is slightly better than SS. 3) ECC-SS, ECC-EQ, and ECC-IR all calibrate the raw ensemble forecast, but ECC-SS shows a better dispersion than ECC-EQ and ECC-IR in this study.
Intensification of Upper-Ocean Submesoscale Turbulence through Charney Baroclinic Instability
Authors: Capet Xavier , Roullet Guillaume , Klein Patrice , Maze Guillaume
Published: August 2016

This study focuses on the description of an oceanic variant of the Charney baroclinic instability, arising from the joint presence of (i) an equatorward buoyancy gradient that extends from the surface into the ocean interior and (ii) reduced subsurface stratification, for example, as produced by wintertime convection or subduction. This study analyzes forced dissipative simulations with and without Charney baroclinic instability (C-BCI). In the former, C-BCI strengthens near-surface frontal activity with important consequences in terms of turbulent statistics: increased variance of vertical vorticity and velocity and increased vertical turbulent fluxes. Energetic consequences are explored. Despite the atypical enhancement of submesoscale activity in the simulation subjected to C-BCI, and contrary to several recent studies, the downscale energy flux at the submesoscale en route to dissipation remains modest in the flow energetic equilibration. In particular, it is modest vis à vis the global energy input to the system, the eddy kinetic energy input through conversion of available potential energy, and the classical inverse cascade of kinetic energy. Linear stability analysis suggests that the southern flank of the Gulf Stream may be conducive to oceanic Charney baroclinic instability in spring, following mode water formation and upper-ocean destratification.
The Changing Political Undercurrents in Health Services Delivery in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Ichoku H. E. , Ifelunini A. I.
Published: August 2016

This article reviews the changing political undercurrent in health service delivery in Sub-Saharan Africa, chronicling the ideological shift in orientation toward neoliberalism in the health sector, an ideology crafted and introduced into Sub-Saharan Africa by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. The article examines the implication of this neoliberal reform on the efficiency in health care provision and on the quality and accessibility of health services by the poor and vulnerable. Drawing inference from countries like Nigeria, the authors argue that the ascendency of neoliberalism in the health systems of Sub-Saharan Africa has engendered unethical practices and introduced elements of moral hazard in the health sector, reducing the incentive for governments to develop effective service delivery over the long term. The authors therefore advocate for a rejection of neoliberal ideology in favor of a universal coverage principle if an inclusive health system is to be developed.
Evaluation of the influence of cooling rate on residual strain development in unidirectional carbon fibre/polyphenylenesulfide laminates using embedded fibre Bragg grating sensors
Authors: Tsukada Takuhei , Takeda Shin-ichi , Minakuchi Shu , Iwahori Yutaka , Takeda Nobuo
Published: August 2016

This study investigates the influence of cooling rate on the residual strain of the carbon fibre/polyphenylenesulfide unidirectional laminates. Three different cooling rates (−300℃/min, −100℃/min and −10℃/min) were applied to simulate a wide range of cooling conditions. The crystallisation behaviour which depends on the cooling rate was evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry. A process monitoring test was then conducted using embedded fibre Bragg grating sensors. In-plane transverse strain of carbon fibre/polyphenylenesulfide unidirectional laminates was measured and the results were presented based on the crystallisation behaviour determined by differential scanning calorimetry. Furthermore, residual strain change after subsequent annealing was examined. This study successfully demonstrates the effectiveness of in situ process monitoring using fibre Bragg grating sensors for evaluating material behaviour of thermoplastic composites during rapid heating and cooling under realistic processing conditions.
Relationship Between Intrinsic Motivation and Undergraduate Students’ Depression and Stress
Authors: Huang Yunhui , Lv Wei , Wu Jiang
Published: August 2016

This study examined the effect of intrinsic academic motivation and interpersonal conflict on the perceived depression and stress. Participants were 537 Chinese undergraduate students (191 males and 346 females; M age = 20.4 years, SD age = 1.3). They completed four scales measuring intrinsic academic motivation, interpersonal conflict, stress, and depression. Linear regressions were conducted with intrinsic academic motivation, interpersonal conflict, and their interaction as independent variables to predict depression and stress. Results showed that intrinsic academic motivation was negatively, while interpersonal conflict was positively, associated with depression and stress. Moreover, the interaction was significant: negative association of “intrinsic academic motivation and depression” and that of “intrinsic academic motivation and stress” was weaker among participants who reported higher (vs. lower) levels of interpersonal conflict.
Pesticide-Related Hospitalizations Among Children and Teenagers in Texas, 2004–2013
Authors: Trueblood Amber B. , Shipp Eva , Han Daikwon , Ross Jennifer , Cizmas Leslie H.
Published: August 2016

Objective.

Acute exposure to pesticides is associated with nausea, headaches, rashes, eye irritation, seizures, and, in severe cases, death. We characterized pesticide-related hospitalizations in Texas among children and teenagers for 2004–2013 to characterize exposures in this population, which is less well understood than pesticide exposure among adults.

Methods.

We abstracted information on pesticide-related hospitalizations from hospitalization data using pesticide-related International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes and E-codes. We calculated the prevalence of pesticide-related hospitalizations among children and teenagers aged ≤19 years for all hospitalizations, unintentional exposures, intentional exposures, pesticide classifications, and illness severity. We also calculated age- and sex-specific prevalence of pesticide-related hospitalizations among children.

Results.

The prevalence of pesticide-related hospitalizations among children and teenagers was 2.1 per 100,000 population. The prevalence of pesticide-related hospitalizations per 100,000 population was 2.7 for boys and 1.5 for girls. The age-specific prevalence per 100,000 population was 5.3 for children aged 0–4 years, 0.3 for children and teenagers aged 5–14 years, and 2.3 for teenagers aged 15–19 years. Children aged 0–4 years had the highest prevalence of unintentional exposures, whereas teenagers aged 15–19 years had the highest prevalence of intentional exposures. Commonly reported pesticide categories were organophosphates/carbamates, disinfectants, rodenticides, and other pesticides (e.g., pyrethrins, pyrethroids). Of the 158 pesticide-related hospitalizations, most were coded as having minor ( n=86) or moderate ( n=40) illness severity.

Conclusion.

Characterizing the prevalence of pesticide-related hospitalizations among children and teenagers leads to a better understanding of the burden of pesticide exposures, including the type of pesticides used and the severity of potential health effects. This study found differences in the frequency of pesticide-related hospitalizations by sex, age, and intent (e.g., unintentional vs. intentional).
The Use of E-Cigarettes Among U.S. Immigrants: The 2014 National Health Interview Survey
Authors: Wang Yang , Wilson Fernando A. , Larson Jamie , Chen Li-Wu
Published: August 2016

Objective.

Although e-cigarette popularity has increased substantially in recent years in the United States, it is unclear whether e-cigarette use has extended to immigrants in the United States. We characterized differences in ever and current use of e-cigarettes among non-U.S. citizens, naturalized U.S. citizens, and U.S. natives.

Methods.

We used cross-sectional data from the 2014 National Health Interview Survey to measure the prevalence of e-cigarette ever and current use by immigration status, characterized as U.S. native, naturalized U.S. citizen, and non-U.S. citizen. We used multivariate logistic regression to examine the association between e-cigarette use and immigration status adjusting for demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, and history of tobacco use. We also stratified the use of e-cigarettes by cigarette smoking status and analyzed the impact of length of residency and country of origin on e-cigarette use among immigrants.

Results.

Naturalized U.S. citizens and non-U.S. citizens had a similar prevalence of e-cigarette use, which was significantly lower than the prevalence among U.S. natives. After adjusting for covariates, naturalized U.S. citizens had 38% lower odds and non-U.S. citizens had 54% lower odds of ever using e-cigarettes than U.S. natives. Non-U.S. citizens were less likely than U.S. natives to currently use e-cigarettes. Among both current smokers and nonsmokers of tobacco cigarettes, non-U.S. citizens were less likely than U.S. natives to indicate current e-cigarette use. U.S. immigrants with >5 years residency were more likely than U.S. immigrants with <5 years residency to try e-cigarettes.

Conclusion.

Although non-U.S. citizens are less likely than U.S. natives to currently use e-cigarettes, e-cigarette use may increase with length of residency in the United States.
Incidence and Risk for Mood and Anxiety Disorders in a Representative Sample of Ohio Army National Guard Members, 2008–2012
Authors: Fink David S. , Chen Qixuan , Liu Yutao , Tamburrino Marijo B. , Liberzon Israel , Shirley Edwin , Fine Thomas , Cohen Gregory H. , Galea Sandro , Calabrese Joseph R.
Published: August 2016

Objective.

We investigated the incidence of first-onset psychiatric disorders among Ohio Army National Guard members and the sociodemographic and military factors associated with these incident disorders. We aimed to identify potential risk factors and mitigating factors for a range of psychiatric disorders in a representative military sample.

Methods.

We analyzed data on a representative sample of 528 Ohio Army National Guard members who were assessed in person annually for first-onset psychiatric disorders from 2008 through 2012 using structured clinical interviews. We used a multivariable discrete-time Cox proportional hazard model to determine risk factors of first-onset anxiety or mood disorders.

Results.

The annualized incidence rate of any first-onset psychiatric disorder was 9.8 per 100 person-years at risk. Alcohol use disorder and major depressive disorder had the highest incidence rates among the unique disorders under study (5.0 and 4.2 per 100 person-years at risk, respectively). We found an association between respondents endorsing past-year deployment and a 29% increase in the risk of incident anxiety or mood disorder, whereas the past-year experience of any non-deployment traumatic event was associated with a 32% increase in risk of incident anxiety or mood disorder.

Conclusion.

Soldiers experience a substantial burden of first-onset alcohol use disorder and major depressive disorder annually; the experience of non-deployment–related traumatic events contributes substantially to increasing risk, suggesting that any effort aimed at mitigating mood and anxiety disorders in this population must consider the soldier’s life experience and military experience.
Visual Data Mining With Self-organizing Maps for “Self-monitoring” Data Analysis
Authors: Oliver Elia , Vallés-Ṕerez Iván , Baños Rosa-María , Cebolla Ausias , Botella Cristina , Soria-Olivas Emilio
Published: August 2016

Data collected in psychological studies are mainly characterized by containing a large number of variables (multidimensional data sets). Analyzing multidimensional data can be a difficult task, especially if only classical approaches are used (hypothesis tests, analyses of variance, linear models, etc.). Regarding multidimensional models, visual techniques play an important role because they can show the relationships among variables in a data set. Parallel coordinates and Chernoff faces are good examples of this. This article presents self-organizing maps (SOM), a multivariate visual data mining technique used to provide global visualizations of all the data. This technique is presented as a tutorial with the aim of showing its capabilities, how it works, and how to interpret its results. Specifically, SOM analysis has been applied to analyze the data collected in a study on the efficacy of a cognitive and behavioral treatment (CBT) for childhood obesity. The objective of the CBT was to modify the eating habits and level of physical activity in a sample of children with overweight and obesity. Children were randomized into two treatment conditions: CBT traditional procedure (face-to-face sessions) and CBT supported by a web platform. In order to analyze their progress in the acquisition of healthier habits, self-register techniques were used to record dietary behavior and physical activity. In the traditional CBT condition, children completed the self-register using a paper-and-pencil procedure, while in the web platform condition, participants completed the self-register using an electronic personal digital assistant. Results showed the potential of SOM for analyzing the large amount of data necessary to study the acquisition of new habits in a childhood obesity treatment. Currently, the high prevalence of childhood obesity points to the need to develop strategies to manage a large number of data in order to design procedures adapted to personal characteristics and increase treatment efficacy.
Identities, Goals, and Emotions
Authors: Trettevik Ryan
Published: August 2016

In this study, I examine how expectations affect the emotions experienced when people verify or fail to verify their identities. Identity theory points to identity verification (i.e., thinking others view us as we see ourselves) as a source of emotions. The control model of affect provides an alternative explanation, emphasizing one’s expected rate of progress toward goal accomplishment (or verification) as a source of emotions. Results from three structural equation models testing these predictions indicate both the distance one is from identity verification and one’s progress toward verification independently influence the emotions individuals experience. These findings indicate that the two theories can be used to inform one another to provide a more precise prediction of the emotions experienced as individuals’ progress toward identity verification.
A boy with bilateral SUNA: A case report
Authors: Vuković Cvetković Vlasta , Jensen Rigmor Højland
Published: August 2016

Background

Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks (SUNA) is a primary headache characterized by frequent attacks of severe headaches in association with ipsilateral cranial autonomic features. SUNA is defined as a strictly unilateral pain and bilateral cases are very unusual, so secondary causes should be searched for vigorously if there are bilateral symptoms. Despite a number of therapeutic trials, effective management for the majority of SUNA patients is not available at present. Management of SUNA is often difficult.

Case

We report the case of a young boy with bilateral SUNA attacks, with no detected underlying cause, who is responsive to indomethacin.

Conclusion

Rarely, primary SUNA can present with bilateral symptoms. According to our experience in this case, indomethacin should always be offered to patients with suspected SUNA.
Analysis on steady-state vibration induced by backlash in machine tool rotary table
Authors: Yang Xiao , Lu Dun , Zhang Jun , Zhao Wanhua
Published: August 2016

This paper presents a mathematical model of a machine tool rotary table with backlash to describe the dynamic behavior of the mechanical system and the motion controller. The accuracy of this model is verified by experiments. The steady-state vibration under different conditions is simulated to investigate its mechanism and change rule. The results show that the steady-state vibration is attributed to the alternate impact of transmission components. Based on the different performances of the steady-state vibration for different control gains and different motion directions, the concept of stability region in the plane of control gains is presented. In the critical region, the steady-state vibration only occurs when the table moves toward backlash. The complex contact regimes may lead to a significant increase in the amplitude of the steady-state vibration. Besides, the influences of the load and the magnitude of backlash on the steady-state vibration and the stability region are also discussed.
Dynamic modelling of the steering performance of an articulated tracked vehicle using shear stress analysis of the soil
Authors: Dong Chao , Cheng Kai , Hu WenQiang , Yao Yu
Published: August 2016

The steering performance is one of the major concerns in special engineering vehicle fields. This study aims to investigate the steering performance of an articulated tracked vehicle. An improved dynamic steering model for an articulated tracked vehicle is proposed when considering the shear stress–shear displacement relation of the soil at the track–ground interface. In this model, the mechanical, kinematic and dynamic models of the articulated unit are constructed to evaluate the movement performance of the articulated unit, and the kinematic and dynamic models of the front vehicle and the rear vehicle are developed to evaluate the steering performance. The created dynamic model is then applied to analyse the steering performance of a specific articulated tracked vehicle. A mechanically controlled united simulation model and actual tests of an articulated tracked vehicle are utilized to verify the established steering model. The results of the comparisons show the effectiveness of the proposed dynamic steering model.
Photo-based automatic 3D reconstruction of train accident scenes
Authors: Tang Zhao , Nie Yinyu , Chang Jian , Zhang Jianjun , Liu Fengjia
Published: August 2016

Railway accidents place significant demands on the resources of, and support from, railway emergency management departments. Once an accident occurs, an efficient incident rescue plan needs to be delivered as early as possible to minimise the loss of life and property. However, in the railway sector, most relevant departments currently face a challenge in drawing up a rescue scheme effectively and accurately with the insufficient information collected from the scene of a train accident. To assist with the rescue planning, we propose a framework which can rapidly and automatically construct a 3D virtual scene of a train accident by utilising photos of the accident spot. The framework uses a hybrid 3D reconstruction method to extract the position and pose information of the carriages involved in an accident. It adopts a geographic information system and a 3D visualisation engine to model and display the landscapes and buildings at the site of a train accident. In order to assess and validate our prototype, we quantitatively evaluate our main algorithm and demonstrate the usage of our technology with two case studies including a simulated scene with an in-lab setting and a real train derailment scene from on-site pictures. The results of both are accountable with high accuracy and represent the ability of timely modelling and visualisation of a train accident scene.
Impact of concomitant medication use on belimumab efficacy and safety in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Schwarting A , Dooley M A , Roth D A , Edwards L , Thompson A , Wilson B
Published: August 2016

Practicing physicians have requested efficacy and safety data for belimumab, when used with specific systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) medications. This was a post hoc analysis of pooled efficacy and safety data from patients who received belimumab 10 mg/kg plus standard of care (SoC) or placebo (SoC) in two Phase III, randomized trials, BLISS-52 and BLISS-76. Patients were categorized into four groups based on baseline concomitant medication usage: steroids only; antimalarials (AM) only; steroids + AM; or steroids + AM + immunosuppressants (IS). The primary endpoint was the SLE Responder Index (SRI) at Week 52. SRI over time and individual SRI components were secondary endpoints. Time to first flare and changes in concomitant medications were exploratory endpoints. Safety was assessed using adverse event (AE) reporting. Across 834 patients, steroids + AM was the largest group ( n = 346, 41.5%) and AM only was the smallest ( n = 77, 9.2%). Disease duration was shortest in the steroids + AM group (5.7 years vs 6.4–7.1 years); SELENA-SLEDAI scores were similar across groups. At Week 52, the percentage of SRI responders was greatest in the steroids + AM group for belimumab 10 mg/kg (59%) compared with placebo (44%); treatment response and SRI component improvements were also observed across other groups. The probability of experiencing an SLE flare was reduced in the steroids-only group for patients who received belimumab 10 mg/kg compared with placebo (64.3% vs 78.1%; hazard ratio 0.64; 95% confidence interval: 0.42–0.96). There was little or no change in daily AM or IS dose in any group. For all groups, there was a general decrease in steroid dose over time; a quarter to a third of patients experienced decreased steroid doses at Week 52. The overall safety profile was similar across treatment arms and concomitant medication groups, with the exception of serious AEs in the steroids + AM group (belimumab 10 mg/kg 16%, placebo 8%). The efficacy and safety of belimumab in combination with SoC was demonstrated for various groupings of steroids, AM and IS. These findings may improve the understanding of the safety and efficacy of adding belimumab to different treatments.
Diminished IL-17A levels may protect filarial-infected individuals from development of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Panda A K , Das B K
Published: August 2016

Nematode infections have been observed to inversely correlate with autoimmune disorders. Recently, we have shown the absence of filarial infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who live in filarial-endemic areas. The mechanism(s) by which filarial-infected individuals are protected against the development of RA or SLE are unknown. In mice CIA, an experimental model for RA, ES-62, an execratory product of rodent filarial nematode , has been shown to improve arthritis through suppression of the IL-17 pathway. A total of 160 individuals, 40 each of endemic normal, filarial-infected cases, SLE and RA patients, from filarial-endemic areas, were enrolled in the study. Plasma levels of IL17-A, IFN-α and TNF-α were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RA and SLE patients displayed significantly higher plasma IL-17A, IFN-α and TNF-α levels compared to endemic normal and infected individuals. Furthermore, IL-17A levels were significantly low in participants with filarial infection compared to endemic controls ( p < 0.05). Interestingly, plasma IL-17A levels correlated inversely with circulating filarial antigen (CFA) ( p = 0.004, Spearman r = −0.51). Filarial infection was associated with low plasma IL-17A levels, a mechanism by which it possibly protects individuals in filarial-endemic areas from the development of autoimmune disorders like RA and SLE.