bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An ultrasensitive luminescent nanothermometer in the first biological window based on phonon-assisted thermal enhancing and thermal quenching
Authors: Jia Mochen , Sun Zhen , Xu Hanyu , Jin Xiaoyang , Lv Ziqian , Sheng Tianqi , Fu Zuoling
Published: October 2020

The proposed NaYb(MoO4)2:Tm3+ nanothermometer creates a new relative sensitivity record in biological windows with high repeatability and low temperature uncertainty.
Uncertain wind power forecasting using LSTM‐based prediction interval
Authors: Banik Abhishek , Behera Chinmaya , Sarathkumar Tirunagaru. V. , Goswami Arup Kumar
Published: October 2020

Estimating prediction intervals (PIs) is an efficient and reliable way of capturing the uncertainties associated with wind power forecasting. In this study, a state of the art recurrent neural network (RNN) known as long short‐term memory (LSTM) is used to produce reliable PIs for one‐hour ahead wind power uncertainty forecast using the non‐parametric lower upper bound estimation framework. Two realistic hourly stamped wind power data sets are obtained and by using mutual information and false nearest neighbours techniques, the data are made suitable for model inputs. A novel comprehensive objective function consisting of the coverage probability, the average width of the PIs, symmetricity and variational synchronicity is developed to train the LSTM model using intelligent optimisation techniques. The standard of the PIs generated for the test set as well as for different seasons are evaluated based on the indices used to design the objective function for model training, with one of them being modified. The performance of the proposed LSTM model is found to outperform typical RNN models like Elman, non‐linear auto‐regressive with exogenous models and other benchmarking models while tested on the real‐world data sets.
Development of a Thornthwaite Moisture Index Map for Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Alexander Damian V. A. , Anthony Gay Derek , Ho Park Kyung
Published: October 2020

The Thornthwaite Moisture Index (TMI) has been traditionally used as a climatic index parameter to estimate annual moisture status of soils (deficit/surplus), primarily in the agricultural domain. Engineers have also adopted the TMI in efforts to estimate volume change potential in expansive clays, where seasonal (temporal) moisture changes can be correlated to soil matric suction and ultimately volume change via appropriate mechanistic models. In Trinidad and Tobago, approximately 60 % of the islands are covered with over-consolidated clays of medium to high plasticity. When combined with extreme variations in moisture status, these plastic clays have exhibited high volume change potential. This paper investigates the spatial distribution of this climatic index for Trinidad and Tobago, intending to develop an index map for the islands. Within the post-colonial era in Trinidad and Tobago (1962 ~ present), the availability of consistent climatic data is limited to just two recording stations within the islands. The Meteorological Services of Trinidad and Tobago (MET) manages both stations: Piarco, Trinidad and Crown Point, Tobago, where consistent data exists for 36 years (1981 ~ 2018). These two points and their limited data timeframe cannot support the development of a spatial TMI map for the islands. This research addresses this shortcoming by collecting and analysing historical climatic data collected at 28 stations over Trinidad and Tobago over the British Colonial era (1931 ~ 1964). These data are recorded in publications of the Land Capability Surveys of The Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture (ICTA). Data sets of monthly rainfall data from the historical and at present for the Piarco location showed strong statistical coherence, examined through a t-test. Having justified the historical data, TMI values are calculated at all locations. Using the calculated TMI values, a map was developed using the GIS software, Surfer, and interpolation method of Kriging. In Trinidad, the map indicates high TMI at the north-eastern side of the island, with a significant decrease going into the south-western side. Low TMI values are observed in the most western side of Trinidad indicating substantially long dry season period, during which the underlying expansive clay can experience significant shrinkage.
Leachate production estimation for a landfill in south of Brazil using Hydrus-1D
Authors: Waisczik Débora Hianca Da Rosa , de Lima Jonathan Tenório
Published: October 2020

The disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) is currently a great challenge to society mainly due to the threat posed by leachate and gases released from the decomposition sites. Landfills have been widely used for this purpose because their waterproofing, drainage and treatment systems have reduced the risks of soil, water and air contamination. Estimating the amount of leachate and gases generated is extremely important for the control and operation of these systems. In this context, this study was developed in the landfill of Timbó, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, in order to estimate the generation of leachate and to evaluate the effect of profile composition. HYDRUS-1D was used to simulate unsaturated fluid flow through layers. Data on soil matrix such as characteristic curve and unsaturated hydraulic permeability were obtained from previous studies and pedotransfer functions and the respective curves for MSW were obtained from literature. Thirteen layers were simulated by attributing an atmospheric variably boundary condition on top cover and free drainage on the bottom of the profile for two hydrologic years (2017-2019). HYDRUS-1D overestimated the leachate volume by 33.67% when compared with field data. Layers distribution showed an attenuation effect on leachate production which is consistent with design.
Yielding of a quartz sand from saturated to dry state
Authors: Butticè Vincenzo , Ferrari Alessio , Rosone Marco
Published: October 2020

The paper presents the results of an experimental work where we analyse the behaviour of an unsaturated quartz sand in a wide range of degree of saturation (from saturated to dry state). The possibility of anticipating the hydro-mechanical behaviour of the soils when they approach the dry state is fundamental in many areas. An extensive experimental program, including controlled-suction and constant water content oedometric tests, was carried out to deeply analyse the water retention behaviour and the relationship between the yield stress and suction (Loading-Collapse curve). All elasto-plastic models provide a monotonically increase of the yield stress with suction. This assumption implies that the yield stress in the dry state is larger than the one relative to the saturated state, in contrast with the classical geotechnical points of view, which suggest that the yield stress of dry granular material must be approximately the same as that of the saturated one. The obtained results show that the yield stress of the sand does not increase monotonically with the suction, as predicted by commons models. In fact, the Loading - Collapse curve showed in this work presents a maximum point, and the yield stress for saturated condition is almost the same of the dried one.
Changes in the GNSS precise point positioning accuracy during a strong geomagnetic storm
Authors: Yasyukevich Anna , Syrovatskii Semen , Yasyukevich Yury
Published: October 2020

Based on the data from dual-frequency receivers of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), we analyze the changes in GNSS positioning accuracy during the August 25-26, 2018 strong geomagnetic storm on a global scale. The storm is one of the strongest geomagnetic events of the solar cycle 24. To analyze the positioning quality, we calculated coordinates using the precise point positioning (PPP) method in the kinematic mode. We recorder a significant degradation in the PPP positioning accuracy during the main phase of the storm. The maximum effect is observed in the middle and high latitudes of the US-Atlantic longitude sector. The average PPP error during the storm is shown to exceed ~0.5 m, that is up to 5 times higher than the values typical on quiet days. Areas with increased PPP errors is revealed to correspond to the regions with significant increase in the intensity of total electron content variations of 10–20 min period range. This increase is presumably due to the auroral oval expansion toward middle latitudes.
Accuracy of Placement of Pedicle Screws in the Lumbosacral Region of Dogs Using 3D-Printed Patient-Specific Drill Guides
Authors: Toni Cristina , Oxley Bill , Clarke Stephen , Behr Sebastien
Published: October 2020

Objective The aim of this study was to report the accuracy of pedicle screw placement using three-dimensional (3D)-printed, patient-specific drill guides in the lumbosacral region of dogs.

Study Design This was a retrospective study. Thirty-two pedicle screws were placed in five dogs. Medical records were reviewed between November 2015 and November 2018 for dogs showing clinical signs associated with cauda equina syndrome. Inclusion criteria included preoperative magnetic resonance imaging, pre- and postoperative computed tomography (CT) and dorsal stabilization, with pedicle screws placed using 3D-printed, patient-specific drill guides and polymethylmethacrylate. Screw placement was evaluated for medial or lateral breaching on postoperative CT.

Results Five dogs met the inclusion criteria. Four had degenerative lumbosacral stenosis and one had discospondylitis. All dogs had failed medical management prior to surgery. Of 32 bicortical pedicle screws placed, 30 were fully contained inside the pedicle and 2 were partially breaching the vertebral canal (less than one-third of the screw diameter). Postoperative CT revealed good alignment of L7-S1 in all planes.

Conclusion This technique enabled an accurate and safe placement of pedicle screws in the lumbosacral region of dogs with lumbosacral disease. Three-dimensional, printed patient-specific drill guides are a safe and effective method of placing pedicle screws in dogs with lumbosacral disease.
Effect of a 24/7 nursing presence in a police watch house on police presentations to the emergency department
Authors: Crilly Julia , Lincoln Cathy , Scuffham Paul , Byrnes Josh , Timms Jo , Becker Ken , van Buuren Nelle , Fisher Andrew , Murphy Danny , Zhang Ping , Kinner Stuart , Green David
Published: October 2020

ObjectivePeople detained in police custody are a vulnerable population with complex health needs, sometimes requiring emergency care. This study evaluated the effect of a 24/7 nursing presence in a police watch house on police presentations to the emergency department (ED).
MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study conducted in a regional ED in Queensland. Equal time periods of 66 days before (T1), during (T2) and after (T3) the pilot service was trialled in 2013 were compared to determine changes in patient and service delivery outcomes. The time to see a doctor in the ED, ED length of stay, hospital admission rate, number of transfers from the watch house to the ED and associated costs were measured. The nature of health care delivered by nurses to detainees in the watch house during the pilot was also examined.
ResultsFewer detainees were transferred from the police watch house to the ED during the pilot period (T1, n=40; T2, n=29; T3, n=34). Cost reductions associated with reduced police and ambulance attendance, as well as hospitalisations, outweighed the watch house nursing costs, with cost savings estimated at AUD7800 per week (60% benefiting police; 40% benefiting the health service). The most common health problems addressed during the 1313 healthcare delivery episodes provided to 351 detainees in the watch house during the pilot related to substance misuse, chronic disease and mental health problems.
ConclusionFewer transfers from the police watch house to the ED were noted when there was a 24/7 nursing presence in the watch house. This model appears to be economically efficient, but further research is required.
What is known about the topic?People detained in police custody are a vulnerable population with complex health needs, sometimes requiring emergency care.
What does this paper add?Transfers from the police watch house to the ED were fewer when there was a 24/7 nursing presence in the police watch house (an economically efficient model). Nursing care provided to detainees in the watch house setting predominantly related to substance misuse, chronic disease and mental health problems.
What are the implications for practitioners?With a 24/7 nursing presence in the police watch house, transfer to the ED was avoided for some detainees. Similar strategies that respond to coronial recommendations advocating for enhancements in police–health collaboration warrant evaluation.
Transcriptome profiling to identify tepal cell enlargement and pigmentation genes and the function of LtEXLB1 in Lilium tsingtauense
Authors: Jiang Xinqiang , Chi Xiufeng , Zhou Rui , Li Yanshuo , Li Wei , Liu Qingchao , Wang Kuiling , Liu Qinghua
Published: October 2020

To understand the molecular mechanism underlying tepal development and pigmentation in Lilium tsingtauense Gilg, we performed whole-transcriptome profiles from closed buds at the greenish tepal stage (CBS), the full-bloom with un-horizontal tepal stage (UFS), and the completely opened bud with reflected tepal stage (RFS) of L. tsingtauense. More than 95699 transcripts were generated using a de novo assembly approach. Gene ontology and pathway analysis of the assembled transcripts revealed carbon metabolism is involved in tepal development and pigmentation. In total, 8171 differentially expression genes (DEGs) in three tepal stages were identified. Among these DEGs, ~994 genes putatively encoded transcription factors (TFs), whereas 693 putatively encoded protein kinases. Regarding hormone pathways, 51 DEGs involved in auxin biosynthesis and signalling and 10 DEGs involved in ethylene biosynthesis and signalling. We also isolated seven LtEXPANSINs, including four EXPAs, one EXPB, one EXLA and one EXLB. LtEXLB1 (GenBank: MN856627) was expressed at higher levels in UFS and RFS, compared with CBS. Silencing LtEXLB1 in leaf discs and tepals by virus-induced gene silencing significantly decreased cell expansion under rehydration conditions. Further analysis revealed that more cell numbers were existed in the abaxial and adaxial subepidermis in the silenced LtEXLB1 samples. As the first transcriptome of L. tsingtauense, the unigenes are a valuable resource for future studies on tepal development, and LtEXLB1 functions in cell expansion.
Effect of community mental health care programs in Australia: a systematic review
Authors: O'Donnell Renee , Savaglio Melissa , Vicary Dave , Skouteris Helen
Published: October 2020

Although numerous studies have examined the effects of community-based mental health care programs in Australia, no synthesis of this literature exists. This systematic review of peer-reviewed and grey literature described the types of community-based mental health care programs delivered and evaluated in Australia in the past 20 years, and evaluated their impact in improving outcomes for those with a serious mental illness (SMI). Articles were included if they evaluated the extent to which the programs delivered in Australia improved individual outcomes, including hospitalisations, psychiatric symptoms, substance misuse or psychosocial outcomes, for individuals with an SMI. Forty studies were included. Community-based mental health care programs were categorised into three types: case management (n=23), therapeutic (n=11) and lifestyle (n=6). Therapeutic programs were most effective in reducing psychiatric symptoms. Case management approaches yielded significant improvements in psychosocial outcomes. Lifestyle programs were inconclusive in improving individual outcomes. This review provides support for the implementation of community-based mental health care programs that are informed by both therapeutic and case management principles. A multidisciplinary team that can facilitate the provision of therapeutic and psychosocial support may be most beneficial for those with an SMI within the Australian community.
Stiffness-tunable robotic gripper driven by dielectric elastomer composite actuators
Authors: Liu Lei , Zhang Junshi , Cai Yong , Li Bo , Liu Geng , Li Pengfei
Published: October 2020

In this article, by utilizing the dielectric elastomer composite actuators (DECAs), we design and fabricate a stiffness-tunable robotic gripper. Firstly, the voltage-induced electromechanical deformation of the DECA is investigated by applying a ramping voltage. Subsequently, effects of different factors, including the jamming pressure, the roughening process of fibers, the ratio of overlapping area of fibers, and the strain-stiffening of DEs, on the output force performance of the DECA are considered, respectively. Afterwards, the grasping and gripping performance is explored by exhibiting a comparison of the gripper with and without stiffness-tunable effect. Finally, the output gripping force of the stiffness-tunable gripper under different jamming pressures and object sizes is investigated. The maximum size limitation of the gripped object and the output force of the robotic gripper (induced by stiffness tunability) are found to be 12 cm and 5 N, respectively.
Temperature-dependent electrorheology of a suspension based on copolymeric P(NIPAM-co-[AMIm]Cl) colloidal particles
Authors: Pan Jun Liang , Jin Xiao , Zhang Zhenlin , Wang Li-Min , Liu Ying Dan , Choi Hyoung Jin
Published: October 2020

A imidazolium-based poly (ionic liquid), poly(1-allyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride) (P[AMIm]Cl) was combined with the temperature-sensitive polymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) via random copolymerisation of the monomers [AMIm]Cl and NIPAM. The synthesised copolymer was characterised by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Then its stimuli-responsive properties were studied at different electric field strengths and temperatures when it was dispersed in silicone oil. It was found that the colloidal copolymer particles were electro-responsive, showing excellent electrorheological (ER) effect. It was interesting that the ER effect of the copolymer was temperature-dependent. As the temperature increased from 5 °C to 50 °C, the dynamic yield stress of the suspension was found to increase with temperature. The temperature dependence of both yield stress and current density became stronger as the temperature was higher than 30 °C. The significant temperature-dependence of the suspension was attributed to the PNIPAM segment in the copolymer which could be swelled by silicone oil at higher temperature.
Shape memory behaviour of polyacrylamide/MWCNT nanocomposite hydrogel under direct and indirect stimulation
Authors: Norouzi-Esfahany Sonia , Kokabi Mehrdad , Alamdarnejad Ghazaleh
Published: October 2020

Shape memory hydrogels are a class of smart materials with the ability of multiple shape forming. Their low stiffness is the main challenge. In this work, pure PAAm and PAAm nanocomposite shape memory hydrogels containing multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were prepared by in-situ radical polymerization. The presence of MWCNT guarantees an enhancement of stiffness and shape recovery of polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogel system as well as its recovery speed from temporary to permanent shape of nanocomposite hydrogel under indirect heat stimulation. By examining the electrical conductivity and rheological properties, the corresponding percolation threshold was obtained at 0.2 wt% of MWCNT. The results of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed that the presence of nanoparticles completely fixed the temporary shape of the PAAm nanocomposite hydrogel and increased the shape recovery up to 96%. In direct heat stimulation, by the aid of thermographic camera it was observed that the addition of 0.2 wt% of MWCNT increased the transition temperature of the nanocomposite hydrogel compared to the neat sample. In indirect heat stimulation by applying 100 V and 300 V electrical voltage, complete shape recovery was achieved in 7 min and 2.5 min, respectively.
Analysis of the 1S and 2S states of Λ
Q
and Ξ
Q
with QCD sum rules *
Authors: Wang Zhi-Gang , Wang Hui-Juan
Published: October 2020

In this article, we study the ground states and the first radial excited states of the flavor antitriplet heavy baryon states

and

with the spin-parity

by carrying out operator product expansion up to vacuum condensates of dimension

in a consistent way. We observe for the first time that the higher dimensional vacuum condensates play an important role, and obtain very stable QCD sum rules with variations of the Borel parameters for the heavy baryon states. The predicted masses

,

, and

for the first radial excited states

,

, and

, respectively, are in excellent agreement with the experimental data and support assigning

,

, and

to be the first radial excited states of

,

, and

, respectively. The predicted mass

for

can be confirmed using experimental data in the future.
Inconsistencies in four-dimensional Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity *
Authors: Arrechea Julio , Delhom Adrià , Jiménez-Cano Alejandro
Published: October 2020

We attempt to clarify several aspects concerning the recently presented four-dimensional Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity. We argue that the limiting procedure outlined in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 081301 (2020)] generally involves ill-defined terms in the four dimensional field equations. Potential ways to circumvent this issue are discussed, alongside remarks regarding specific solutions of the theory. We prove that, although linear perturbations are well behaved around maximally symmetric backgrounds, the equations for second-order perturbations are ill-defined even around a Minkowskian background. Additionally, we perform a detailed analysis of the spherically symmetric solutions and find that the central curvature singularity can be reached within a finite proper time.
Study of biomedical properties of Rhizophora mucronata fruit from Rembang, Central Java
Authors: Sibero M T , Sabdono A , Pribadi R , Frederick E H , Wijaya A P , Haryanti D , Siswanto A P , Igarashi Y
Published: October 2020

Indonesian in coastal region utilize mangrove ecosystem for aquaculture, fishing ground, firewood source, tourism, nevertheless it is rarely reported as a source of biomedical substances. Rhizophora mucronata is one of the most common mangrove species in Rembang, Central Java. However, study of biomedical prospect of its fruit is neglected. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of R. mucronata fruit extract to inhibit human pathogens (E. coli, S. aureus, M. luteus, T. rubrum, and C. albicans), as well as its anticancer activity against P388 murine leukemia cells. Metabolite profile was characterized through phytochemical test and HPLC. The result showed there was no antimicrobial activity of R. mucronata fruit extract against all human pathogens. Cytotoxic assay indicated a moderate anticancer potential with IC50 value of 398 μg/mL. Phytochemical test indicated the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, and steroid/triterpenoid in the crude extract.
Potency, status and carrying capacity of coral reef ecosystem for suistainable marine ecotourism development; a case study of small islands in Kepulauan Riau-Indonesia
Authors: Apdillah D , Pratomo A , Azizah D , Nugraha A H , Febrianto T
Published: October 2020

This study aims to provide reliable information to mapping the potential of coral reef ecosystems for development of sustainable marine ecotourism in Benan Island and surrounding areas. The mapping was done by considering the carrying capacity of the environment which includes the limits of the island’s ability to receive several tourists with the intensity of optimum use of natural resources. Approach to the assessment of the potential and status of coral reef ecosystems was carried out to evaluate reef fish and benthic conditions using the LIT transect method and presented spatially using ArGis 10.3. The results showed the status of the coral reefs ecosystem in Benan Island waters and the surrounding areas were categorized as moderate conditions with average live coral coverage were 37.76%. The highest live coral cover reached was 55% in Katang Island. The carrying capacity of the utilization of diving tourism in Benan Island was reached 444 people/day, 69 people/day at Selada Island, 66 people/day at Segenting Island, 234 people/day at Sunda Air Island and 76 people/day at Nopong Island. The carrying capacity of small islands was different from one region to another. Hopefully, this will be able to minimize the vulnerability of small islands to ecosystem degradation.
The analysis of challenges test of catfish (Clarias sp.) with fatty acid compounds from starfish (Acantaster planci)
Authors: Achmad M J , Isnansetyo A , Andriani R , Samman A , Marus I
Published: October 2020

Catfish (Clarias sp.) is one of the fresh water fish commodities widely cultivated and very popular in community for being simple in breeding and fast in growth. The demand of people for catfish has led to the increase of production in meeting the demand. This study aimed to analyze the values of SR, RPS, MT and MTD of catfish using the challenge test with bacterium A. hydrophila and given the fatty acid compounds of A. planci. The results of this study showed that the highest average value of SR was found in the treatment with 0.7 mg/kg BBI (26-76%), the highest average of RPS was found in the treatment with 0,7 mg/kg BBI (65%), the lowest average values of MR was found in the treatment with 0,7 mg/kg BBI (23,33%), and the average values of MTD were in the range of 94,24 to 142,67%. Meanwhile, the water quality parameter in the range of the optimum value of DO on day 1 was in the range of 5 to 6,8, on day 7 it was in the range of 5,2 to 6,8, and on day 15, it was in the range of 5,5 to 6. The level of oxygen was at 4 ppm and the water temperature was in the range of 26 to 28°C. The results of the identification towards the fatty acid compounds with GS-MS showed two fatty acid compounds; those are Hexadecanoic acid and 13-Octadecenoic acid. From this study, it can be concluded that there was an effect of giving the injection doses of A. planci compound on the analyses of SR, RPS, MR and MTD in the challenge test with the bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila in comparison to the fish not given with fatty acid compounds of A. planci.
Benthic marine litter accumulation at selection beaches in Ternate Island, Indonesia
Authors: Lessy M R , Najamuddin
Published: October 2020

The report of marine litter pollution first published in the scientific journal of the early 1970s; therefore, more than 40 years later, the scientist continues to understand the distribution of litter existing in the marine environment. The present study was carried out in Ternate Island, North Maluku Province (eastern Indonesia) which the aims are to determine litter composition, abundance, weight, and density on the seafloor and to predict the sources of seafloor litter distribution in the study areas. A conventional underwater visual survey with scuba/snorkeling. The depth of the sampling area varied between 3 and 6 m according to the slope of the island. During the survey, total of 1171 items were collected from all study sites and a total of 20.47 Kg of weight. The mass of overall debris concentration range from 0.089 items/m2 to 1.04 items/m2. The number percentage of plastic, metal, fibers/textiles, glass, and rubbers in total were 77%, 12%, 7%, 2%, and 2%, respectively. Plastic debris was the most dominant material category by means of number and weight.
Ecological risk assessment of plutonium in primary inlet of Indonesian through flow (ITF)
Authors: Makmur M , Suseno H , Prihatiningsih W R , Yahya M N , Putra D I P , Priasetyono Y
Published: October 2020

The present study to understand the environmental radiological risk of plutonium to marine biotas in the primary inlet of Indonesia Through Flow (ITF), seawater, and sediment samples collected during the monitoring work 2018-2019. The activity concentration of 239/240Pu was measured both for them. The activity concentration of the 239/240Pu in seawater and sediment was low, where that low activity concentration of plutonium can use as an indicator of the release of plutonium in Indonesia or neighboring countries in the future. The environmental radiological risk of plutonium to marine biotas in this study uses the ERICA Tool, where the total dose rates to marine biotas and risk of resultant radiobiological impacts were assessed. As input data for the ERICA tools, activity concentrations of 239/240Pu in seawater and sediment, distribution coefficient (Kd), dose conversion coefficients, occupancy factors, uncertainty factor set as the default value in ERICA Tool. Results compared to background dose rates, also estimated by the ERICA Tools. The risk of radiobiological effects in marine biotas in the primary inlet of ITF can be considered negligible because the estimated total dose level is below the 10 μGyh−1 screening dose. This study emphasizes that actual measurement data is needed in radiological risk assessment to reduce dependence on the ERICA Tool.
Growth, mortality and exploitation rate of Indo-Pacific King Mackerel (Scomberomorus guttatus, Bloch and Schneider, 1801) in the Tarakan waters, North Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Chodrijah U , Noegroho T , Tirtadanu
Published: October 2020

Indo-Pasific King Mackerel or fisherman in Tarakan often call it the mackerel (Scomberomorus guttatus, Bloch & Scheneider, 1801) was the main catch of gillnet fishermen in the waters of Tarakan, North Kalimantan. This research aims to obtain data and information about the estimated rate of growth, mortality rate and exploitation rate. Time series data was collected from the fishing place in Selumit, Tarakan from April to December 2018. Parameter estimation was done using the FISAT II (FAO-ICLARM Stock Assessment Tools) program. The results of the study showed fork length of mackerel between 23-61 cmFL, each month mode varying between 29 – 39 cmFL with an average mode of 35 cmFL, growth patterns were negative allometric, The average length at first capture (Lc) smaller than the length at first maturity (Lm) so if this condition continue it will interfere the sustainability of fish resources. The growth rate (K) amounted to 0.28 per year with an asimptotic length of 64.21 cm. The total mortality rate (Z) of 1.44 per year, with a natural mortality rate of 0.64 per year, the rate of fishing mortality (F) amounted to 0.80 per year. The exploitation rate (E) of 0.56 per year indicates that the degree of harvesting leads to a more capture condition.
The quality of yellow tail fish (caesio cuning) with mobile sales system at Makassar City
Authors: Najih M R , Maskur M
Published: October 2020

This study aims to determine the feasibility of consumption of yellow tail fish mobile sales system at Makassar city with physical test parameters (temperature and pH), organoleptic tests, chemical tests (TVB and peroxide numbers), and microbiological tests (TPC and Coliform) and to determine the relationship between time and test parameters. The study was conducted by survey method. Analyzed date using Anova, then the results of significant analysis were further tested using the LSD test to determine differences between points of sale. Relationships between parameters measured were then analyzed using regression. The results showed that the quality of yellow tail fish that mobile sales system to the end point of sale (12.00 pm) was less fresh but was still suitable for consumption with testing parameters of organoleptic value of 6.73, TPC 4.32×105 cfu/g, Coliform bacteria 4, 50 × 102 APM/g, TVB content of 19.93 mgN/100g, and content of peroxide number 23.91 mEq/kg. And the relationship between time and testing parameters in yellow tail fish, the longer time the sale of fish central temperature, TPC, Coliform bacteria, TVB levels and peroxide content in yellow tail fish increased while organoleptic values and pH of fish decreased.
The behavior of coastal communities on management of domestic wastewater in Ternate City, Indonesia
Authors: Nagu N , Lessy M R
Published: October 2020

Coastal area is a region that highly vulnerable to environmental degradation. One of the problems occurred in the coastal area in Ternate city is the number of solid and liquid household waste throws to the watershed or sea water. The different of geographical characteristics in Ternate is the focus of this study. The study took place in Kampung Makassar Timur Village that has people who have the house on the sea water and Sangadji village who live in the coastal area. This research aims to determine the behaviour of the population in residential areas who live in different geographical characteristics by calculating a total load of domestic wastewater and measuring the quality of domestic wastewater. Data collection and information collected by using questionnaires to the respondents in the study areas and following up by determining the quality of wastewater in some representative stations by laboratory analyses performed. The result shows that the behaviour of most respondents indicate the same behaviour in disposing the domestic wastewater directly to the sea because of it is an easy way to throw the wastewater, while other mentioned there is no wastewater drainage available at their place.
Optimization of light intensity on growth rate and total lipid content of Chlorella vulgaris
Authors: Febrieni V N , Sedjati S , Yudiati E
Published: October 2020

Chlorella vulgaris was a potential microalga as a source of biomass due to its high lipid content. This study aimed to determine the growth and total lipid content of C. vulgaris that cultured in different light intensity. There were four-level treatments of light intensity applied i.e.: 2,500; 5,000; 7,500 and 10,000 lux, and were replicated three times. Microalga C. vulgaris was cultured in the plastic container, 35-40 ppt salinity, moderately aerated, kept in 19-25°C temperature, and pH 8-10 in the laboratory. The light intensity was given continuously for 24 hours. The culture media was enriched with Walne’s fertilizer (1 ml/l media). The period of culture was 12 days and growth was measured as cell density. The harvested microalga was dried, and the total lipid was then determined. Total lipid content was determined by the gravimetric method. Results showed that there were significant differences (p≤0.05) in the growth among four-level treatments of different light intensity, as well as for the total lipid content (p≤0.05). The best total lipid content was reached from sample at 10,000 lux (17.40±0.52% dry weight), followed by 7,500 lux (15.06±0.25% dry weight), 5,000 lux (13.3±0.43% dry weight) and 2,500 lux (7.30±0.30% dry weight), respectively.
Quantitative fucoxanthin extract of tropical Padina sp. and Sargassum sp. (Ocrophyta) and its’ radical scavenging activity
Authors: Nisa A A , Sedjati S , Yudiati E
Published: October 2020

Fucoxanthin is a potential compound in medicinal and nutritional ingredients due to its antioxicant acivity. This study was carried out to determine the fucoxanthin contents and antioxidant activitiy of crude fucoxanthin extract from Padina sp. and Sargassum sp. The crude fucoxanthin was partitioned using some solvents ie. methanol-water and followed by using n-hexane. The total fucoxanthin contents were analysed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) instrument, quantitatively and qualitatively. The total of fucoxanthin contents in Padina sp. was relatively high ( 2.44 mg/g) and followed by Sargassum sp (1.95 mg/g) wet weight, respectively. The antioxidant activity was done spectropohotometrically using diphenylpicrylhidrazyl (DPPH) method. The crude fucoxanthin extract from Padina sp. was showing a moderate antioxidant activity (209.93 ppm), while Sargassum sp was 639.22 ppm. Padina sp. from tropical waters is rich in fucoxanthin. Concerning the unstable fucoxanthin compound, next methods to stabilize the fucoxanthin extract need to explore.
Masculinization of betta fish (Betta splendens) through natural honey immersion with different concentration
Authors: Soumokil A W , Lumamuly J O , Laimeheriwa B M
Published: October 2020

Male betta fish is more popular and expensive compared to female betta fish because it has a more beautiful body shape and color. One effort to increase the population of male fish is the method of masculinization to reverse the sex of fish into males, so that the profit value is higher. Generally, sex directives or sex reversal usually use the steroid hormone: 17α-metiltestosterone (MT) by the method: immersion, injection or orally through feed. However, this MT hormone has side effects which can cause pollution, liver damage in test animals and can cause mortality. This study was conducted to determine the survival rate of larvae and increase the percentage of male betta fish through natural honey immersion with different concentrations. The method used in this study was a laboratory experiment, using 3 treatments namely A (5ml/L), B (6ml/L), C (7ml/L) and 3 replications. Betta fish larvae as test animals are 7 days old, with natural honey immersion for 12 hours and then reared for 60 days. The results of this study indicate that the survival rate of betta fish larvae after honey immersion treatment (12 hours) averaged 100% and the percentage of survival of betta fish during rearing (60 days) ranged from 25.55 - 30.00%. And the average sex percentage of male sex larvae in the treatment of natural honey immersion is 5 ml / L (85.00%), 6 ml / L (95.24%) and 7 ml / L (100%). Thus it can be concluded that proper honey concentration plays an important role in the process of masculinization.
Characterization of morphology and identification of bioactive compounds of laor (Eunice viridis) from the waters of Morotai Island
Authors: Koroy K , Nur R M , Nurafni  , Alican I
Published: October 2020

Laor is one of the sea worms consumed by local people of Morotai Island as a source of protein. Laor appears seasonally in April and May. Laor will appear on the surface of the waters to do swarming in the morning. The purpose of this research is to study morphological characterization and the content of bioactive compounds in Morotai Island water. The study was conducted from May to August 2019. A sample of Laor obtained from the waters of Tanjung Dehegila, Wayabula, and Bere-Bere district Morotai Island. The extraction of samples using the maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent. Identification of the group of bioactive compounds include alkaloids, flavonoids, saponin, and steroids. The results showed that laor has the characterization of brownish-red body color and blue-greenish, body-level bodies, having hair/legs along the side of the body, and sensor tentacles in the head. Extracts obtained have textures such as pasta, sticky, and yellow, greenish-yellow to reddish-yellow. ELT extract yields 7.8%, ELW as much as 9.4%, and ELB as much as 19.3%. The identifying of the laor bioactive compounds suggests that ELT and ELW contain alkaloid compounds, flavonoids, saponins, and steroids, whereas ELB contains only flavonoid compounds.
The motility of Tor soro fish (Valenciennes, 1842) using post cryopreservation sperm: the effect of grape juice (Vitis vinifera) as a natural antioxidant
Authors: Anabella N A , Abinawanto  , Subagja J , Arifin O Z , Muhiardi I , Arief M Z
Published: October 2020

Tor soro is an endemic fish found on several islands in Indonesia including Java, Sulawesi and Kalimantan. Tor soro has decreased in number due to overfishing, habitat destruction and asynchronous maturation time of male and female gonad. One of the alternative solutions to solve the problem is sperm cryopreservation. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of grape juice as a natural antioxidant on sperm motility of Tor soro 24 hours post cryopreservation. The sperm was collected through stripping method, and was diluted using 1:9 comparison into the soluble liquid (Fish Ringer + DMSO 10% + grape juice). The concentrations of the grape juice were 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%, respectively. The equilibration was carried out at 4°C for 3 h, sample were then frozen at -196°C for 24 h in liquid nitrogen and were thawed at 40°C for 1 min. The sperm motility percentage was analyzed using ANOVA and was followed by Tukey test. The result showed that there was an effect (p<0.05) of grape juice on the post cryopreservation spermatozoa motility. The 10% grape juice showed the highest sperm motility (41,8 ± 11,2 %) 24 h post cryopreservation.
Management of coastal resources in Mandalika in an era of disruptive innovation waves
Authors: Triyanti R , Kurniasari N , Yuliaty C , Muawanah U , Febrian T
Published: October 2020

The development of maritime tourism in Central Lombok is still dependent on Bali tourism. The natural beauty and socio-cultural values of the coastal communities in Mandalika, differs from Bali, and has the potential of being developed into an attractive centre for tourists. One of the disruptive innovations in coastal areas in Mandalika is the increase in online travel centres which provides cheap and easy traveling packages. However, this system only prioritizes economic aspects, and fails to take into account the ecological sustainability aspects. This research, therefore, aims to identify the types and meanings of maritime culture in the form of rituals and traditions of coastal communities which is developed to increase and estimate Mandalika’s economy. Data collection was carried out using in-depth interviews and questionnaires, with the descriptive analysis of multiplier effects used for analysis. The results showed that the rituals and traditions such as the Bau Nyale tradition, Madak Mare, and the Ruwah Segara developed in Central Lombok are packaged into maritime culture-based tourism centre. This also requires the support of all stakeholders and the readiness of the local community. The type of business which grows in the presence of marine tourism includes hotel businesses, cafes, restaurants, and souvenir shops, while the direct, indirect, and continued economic impacts are estimated to be around IDR 8 M per year. This tends to have a multiplier effect on employment and economic growth in Central Lombok.
Does vascular endothelial dysfunction play a role in physical frailty and sarcopenia? A systematic review
Authors: Amarasekera Anjalee Thanuja , Chang Dennis , Schwarz Peter , Tan Timothy C
Published: October 2020

Background

Frailty is strongly associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes; however, the underlying pathophysiological processes are largely unknown. Vascular endothelial dysfunction (VED) is the earliest stage of cardiovascular disease (CVD) progression and predicts long-term CVD outcomes. Both these conditions share an elevated inflammatory state as a common pathological factor.

Objective

Systematic literature review was conducted to examine the evidence supporting an association between VED and physical frailty and/or sarcopenia, in electronic databases including Scopus, Ovid Medline, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, ProQuest Health & Medicine and Embase from January 1980 to August 2019.

Results

A total of 18 studies met the inclusion criteria. VED is independently associated with increased frailty phenotypes and measures of sarcopenia. Several markers of VED, including higher levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine, abnormal ankle brachial index, pulse wave velocity, pulse pressure and lower levels of flow-mediated dilatation, peripheral blood flow and endothelial progenitor cell counts, have been associated with frailty/sarcopenia measurements. Some studies demonstrated the effect of inflammation on the association.

Conclusions

Recent studies, although limited, showed that VED could be one of the underlying mechanisms of frailty. It is entirely possible that inflammation-related pathological changes in the vascular endothelium are involved in the early causative mechanisms in physical frailty. The exact mechanism(s) underlying this association are still unclear and will need to be evaluated. The outcomes of these future research studies could potentially inform early preventative strategies for physical frailty and sarcopenia.
Exploring the security narrative in the work context
Authors: Busse Karoline , Seifert Jennifer , Smith Matthew
Published: October 2020

It is a well-known fact that the language of IT security experts differs from that of non-security-related people, leading to a multitude of problems. However, very little work has examined the differences in perception between security experts within a single security department or company. The sociological theory of power relations and organizational uncertainties by Croizer and Friedberg suggests that uncertainties about the narratives used in a department can lead to potentially harmful power relations and dissatisfied employees. We conducted a qualitative interview study within two distinct IT security companies in order to research the impact of diverging security narratives within security departments. Our results show that there is indeed an uncertainty about the term IT security. However, one company we interviewed regarded this uncertainty as highly beneficial for team creativity, communication, and mutual education, while the other, more technical-focused company showed few diversions within the security staff, but a possibly uniting conflict with the company’s IT department. Our results suggest that conscious shaping of a zone of uncertainty around the security narrative in the work context can be an important management skill for IT security practitioners. Furthermore, we show that the analysis of language uncertainties provides a powerful approach to studying the motivation of professional security groups.
Probiotic triangle of success; strain production, clinical studies and product development
Authors: Forssten Sofia D , Laitila Arja , Maukonen Johanna , Ouwehand Arthur C
Published: October 2020

The successful development of probiotic foods and dietary supplements rests on three pillars; each with their specific challenges and opportunities. First, strain production; this depends on selecting the right strain with promising technological properties and safety profile. Further the manufacturing of the strain in a stable format at sufficiently high yield, following regulatory and customer requirements on culture media ingredients and other processing aids. The second pillar are the preclinical and clinical studies to document that the strain is a probiotic and exerts a health benefit on the host, the consumer. Especially when aiming for a regulator approved health claim, clinical studies need to be thoroughly performed; following appropriate ethical, scientific and regulatory guidelines. Finally, the probiotic will need to be incorporated in a product that can be brought to the consumer; a dietary supplement or a functional food. Because of the live nature of probiotics, specific challenges may need to be dealt with. Although experience from other strains is helpful in the process, the development is strain specific. Commercialisation and marketing of probiotics are strictly but differently regulated in most jurisdictions; defining what can and cannot be claimed.