bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality of life, life satisfaction and happiness in shift- and non-shiftworkers
Authors: Kaliterna Lipovcan LJ , Prizmic Larsen Z , Zganec N
Published: April 2005

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the quality of life, life satisfaction, happiness and demands of work in workers with different work schedules. METHODS: The survey was carried out on professional workers in social care. Some were shiftworkers whose schedule included night shifts (N=311), some were shiftworkers without night shifts (N=207) and some were non-shiftworkers (N=1,210). Surveys were mailed and the response rate was 86%. For the purpose of this study several variables were selected from the Survey: The Quality of Life Profile, which measures importance, satisfaction, control and opportunities in nine domains of life plus measures of happiness, life satisfaction and demands of work. RESULTS: While both groups of shiftworkers, compared to non-shiftworkers, reported needing more physical effort to complete their work, and reported 'being' more physically tired, no differences were found in reports of overall happiness, life satisfaction or total quality of life. However, night-shiftworkers reported greater percentage of time unhappy than the other two groups of workers. In analyses of the quality of life, night-shiftworkers were less satisfied with domains of spiritual 'being' and physical and community 'belonging' than day-shiftworkers and non-shiftworkers. They also reported having fewer opportunities to improve their physical 'being', leisure, and personal growth than the other two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Quality of life in specific domains in night-shiftworkers was rated worse than in other groups of workers. Domain-based quality of life assessment gives more information regarding the particular needs of workers than overall or global measures of well-being.
Working hours, work-life conflict and health in precarious and "permanent" employment
Authors: Bohle Philip , Quinlan Michael , Kennedy David , Williamson Ann
Published: April 2005

OBJECTIVE: The expansion of precarious employment in OECD countries has been widely associated with negative health and safety effects. Although many shiftworkers are precariously employed, shiftwork research has concentrated on full-time workers in continuing employment. This paper examines the impact of precarious employment on working hours, work-life conflict and health by comparing casual employees to full-time, "permanent" employees working in the same occupations and workplaces. METHODS: Thirty-nine convergent interviews were conducted in two five-star hotels. The participants included 26 full-time and 13 casual (temporary) employees. They ranged in age from 19 to 61 years and included 17 females and 22 males. Working hours ranged from zero to 73 hours per week. RESULTS: Marked differences emerged between the reports of casual and full-time employees about working hours, work-life conflict and health. Casuals were more likely to work highly irregular hours over which they had little control. Their daily and weekly working hours ranged from very long to very short according to organisational requirements. Long working hours, combined with low predictability and control, produced greater disruption to family and social lives and poorer work-life balance for casuals. Uncoordinated hours across multiple jobs exacerbated these problems in some cases. Health-related issues reported to arise from work-life conflict included sleep disturbance, fatigue and disrupted exercise and dietary regimes. CONCLUSIONS:This study identified significant disadvantages of casual employment. In the same hotels, and doing largely the same jobs, casual employees had less desirable and predictable work schedules, greater work-life conflict and more associated health complaints than "permanent" workers.
Delineamento e validação de matriz de exposição ocupacional à sílica
Authors: Ribeiro Fátima Sueli Neto , Camargo Esther Archer de , Wünsch Filho Victor
Published: April 2005

OBJETIVO: Desenvolver matriz de exposição ocupacional de base populacional para a sílica cristalina no Brasil e estimar sua validade. MÉTODOS: A matriz de exposição ocupacional foi desenvolvida por um epidemiologista e um higienista ocupacional em quatro etapas: a) codificação da variável ocupação; b) codificação da variável setor econômico; c) classificação da exposição por consenso entre os pesquisadores e; d) estimativa do número de trabalhadores registrados, em 1995, para cada nível de exposição. As 8.675 células da matriz, formadas pela intersecção das variáveis setor econômico (25 colunas) e ocupação (347 linhas), foram classificadas de acordo com a freqüência da exposição à sílica em quatro níveis: não expostos, possivelmente expostos, provavelmente expostos e definitivamente expostos. Para a validação da matriz de exposição ocupacional, cinco setores econômicos (extração mineral, construção civil, metalurgia, administração de serviços de pessoal técnico e indústria têxtil) foram re-codificados quanto à exposição por peritos convidados. Avaliou-se a confiabilidade pela proporção de acordos e o grau de concordância pelo Kappa. RESULTADOS: A matriz de exposição ocupacional apresentou alta concordância geral, variando de 64,0% na metalurgia a 94,4% na extração mineral. O Kappa revelou boa concordância no setor de extração mineral (0,9) e baixa ou regular nos demais (variação de 0,1 a 0,5). A especificidade foi alta para os setores de metalurgia (86,5%) e extração mineral (100,0%). A construção civil apresentou especificidade de 56,0%. CONCLUSÕES: A matriz de exposição ocupacional apresentou boa acurácia, revelando-se adequada para estimar a exposição à sílica na força de trabalho ocupada no País.
Infestação pelo Aedes aegypti e ocorrência da dengue em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais
Authors: Corrêa Paulo Roberto Lopes , França Elisabeth , Bogutchi Tânia Fernandes
Published: April 2005

OBJETIVO: Analisar a associação entre a proporção de imóveis prediais positivos para larvas de Aedes aegypti, por meio do índice de infestação predial, e a taxa de incidência da dengue. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados casos autóctones de dengue e valores de infestação predial verificados nas áreas de abrangência dos distritos sanitários de Belo Horizonte, MG, no período de outubro de 1997 a maio de 2001. Após grupamento dos valores de infestação predial segundo sua distribuição em quartis, as médias das taxas de incidências da dengue (referentes ao mês subseqüente à realização dos levantamentos de infestação predial) foram comparadas pelo teste ANOVA. RESULTADOS: Observou-se uma correlação fraca, porém estatisticamente significativa, entre a taxa de incidência mensal da doença e os valores de infestação predial para os distritos sanitários (r=0,21; p=0,02) e áreas de abrangência (r=0,14; p=0,00) no período analisado. Após grupamento dos valores de infestação predial em quartis, as áreas de abrangência com infestação predial entre 0,46% e 1,32% (2º quartil) apresentaram, em relação às áreas com infestação predial, menor ou igual a 0,45% (1º quartil), taxa de incidência mensal média da doença duas vezes maior. Para as áreas com infestação predial entre 1,33% e 2,76% (3º quartil) e maior ou igual a 2,77%, as taxas de incidências mensais médias foram, respectivamente, cinco e sete vezes maiores em relação às áreas com 0,45% ou menos. CONCLUSÕES: Apesar das conhecidas limitações do índice de infestação predial para estimar a infestação vetorial e predizer a ocorrência de epidemias de dengue, os resultados indicam que maiores índices se associaram a maior risco de transmissão da doença nos distritos sanitários e áreas de abrangência de Belo Horizonte.
Qualidade de vida e depressão em mulheres vítimas de seus parceiros
Authors: Adeodato Vanessa Gurgel , Carvalho Racquel dos Reis , Siqueira Verônica Riquet de , Souza Fábio Gomes de Matos e
Published: April 2005

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a qualidade de vida e depressão nas mulheres vítimas da violência doméstica; estabelecer o perfil socioeconômico da mulher agredida pelo parceiro e as particularidades das agressões sofridas. MÉTODOS: A amostra constituiu-se de 100 mulheres que sofreram agressão de seus parceiros e que prestaram queixa na Delegacia da Mulher do Ceará. Foram aplicados três questionários: o primeiro visa a obter dados demográficos e sobre a violência sofrida; o segundo (GHQ-28), sobre a qualidade de vida em geral; e o terceiro (Beck), quantifica o grau de depressão. RESULTADOS: O perfil da mulher agredida é: jovem, casada, católica, tem filhos, pouco tempo de estudo e baixa renda familiar. Álcool e ciúme foram os fatores mais referidos como desencadeantes das agressões, tendo 84% das mulheres sofrido agressão física. Foi observado que 72% delas apresentaram quadro sugestivo de depressão clínica; 78% tinham sintomas de ansiedade e insônia; 39% já pensaram em suicídio e 24% passaram a fazer uso de ansiolíticos após o início das agressões. CONCLUSÕES: A análise dos dados sugere que a violência doméstica está associada a uma percepção negativa da saúde mental da mulher.
HEMAGGLUTINATION TEST FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF HUMAN NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS: DEVELOPMENT OF A STABLE REAGENT USING HOMOLOGOUS AND HETEROLOGOUS ANTIGENS
Authors: FERREIRA Andréia P. , VAZ Adelaide J. , NAKAMURA Paulo M. , SASAKI Álvaro T. , FERREIRA Antonio W. , LIVRAMENTO José A.
Published: April 2005

A hemagglutination (HA) test was standardized using formalin- and tannin-treated gander red blood cells sensitized with a total salt extract of C. cellulosae (HA-Cc) and an antigenic extract of Cysticercus longicollis (HA-Cl) vesicular fluid. A total of 61 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were assayed, 41 from patients with neurocysticercosis and 20 from a control group, which were, respectively, reactive and non-reactive to ELISA using C. cellulosae. The CSF samples from the control group did not react and 35 (85.4%) and 34 (82.9%) CSF samples from patients were reactive to the HA-Cc and HA-Cl tests, respectively. The reagents ready for use were stable up to 6 months when stored at 4°C in 50% glycerol. The present results confirm that the reagent using Cysticercus longicollis stabilized with glycerol can be used as an alternative in the immunological diagnosis of neurocysticercosis
The first two cases of Cyclospora in dogs, São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: YAI Lúcia Eiko Oishi , BAUAB Antonieta Rosa , HIRSCHFELD Marisa Porta Miche , OLIVEIRA Maria Lúcia de , DAMACENO José Theodoro
Published: April 2005

Cyclospora cayetanensis is a coccidium which has been identified in diarrheal feces or immunocompetent individuals or in AIDS patients. The main aspects related to its epidemiology and pathogeny have not been solved so far, as well as the possibility of human infection by this protozoan being a zoonosis. We describe in this work the first case identifying the Cyclospora in dogs. Our findings, notwithstanding their preliminary characteristics, could suggest that besides untreated water, other transmission means, along with contact with dogs, there could be important factors in the human diarrhea associated with Cyclospora
Prevalence of HTLV-I and HTLV-II infections among HIV-1-infected asymptomatic individuals in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: CASSEB Jorge , ARAUJO Adele CATERINO-DE , HONG Marisa A. , SALOMÃO Simone , GALLO Dana , HENDRY R. Michael , DUARTE Alberto J.S.
Published: April 2005

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1)-infected subjects with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are often infected with multiple pathogens. In particular, HTLV-I and HTLV-II infections have been found more frequently in AIDS patients than in asymptomatic individuals in Europe and Japan. We carried out a serosurvey among asymptomatic HIV-1-infected subjects in São Paulo, Brazil and compared our results with those of other investigators. In this study, we found HTLV infection in 1.5% of 266 asymptomatic and 14% of 28 AIDS patients. Epidemiological data obtained from patients pointed out the use of intravenous drugs as the principal risk factor for acquiring retroviruses. In conclusion, our results are in accordance with other studies done in Brazil and elsewhere where the principal risk group for HIV/HTLV-I/II coinfection was IDU
Rapid Characterization of S. mansoni Expression Library Clones of Potential Interest
Authors: KANAMURA Herminia Yohko , HANCOCK Kathy
Published: April 2005

A S. mansoni adult worm cDNA expression library was screened with sera from baboons in a early phase after infection. The clones that were positive with the early infection sera were examined for reactivity with pre-infection sera and heterologous infection sera. In order to discriminate a positive antibody reaction from the reactivity due to residual anti-E. coli antibodies, an unrelated cDNA clone was plated with the positive clone. The unrelated clone provided the negative background and the contrast necessary to discern a positive antibody reaction. In this way, we were able to eliminate selected clones that were positive with the pre-infection sera or heterologous infection sera. This characterization of the expression library clones enabled us to quickly target only clones with the desired pattern of antibody reactivity for sequencing, subcloning, and expressing
Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae as etiological agents of conjunctivitis outbreaks in the region of Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
Authors: MEDEIROS Marta I. C. , NEME Suzel N. , SILVA Paulo da , SILVA Jaqueline O. , CARNEIRO Ana Maria M. , CARLONI Maria Claudia , BRANDILEONE Maria Cristina de C.
Published: April 2005

In the study of conjunctivitis outbreaks occurring from September 1994 to September 1996 in the region of Ribeirão Preto, conjunctival exudates of 92 patients were cultivated in Instituto Adolfo Lutz Laboratory I, Ribeirão Preto. Most cases occurred in the age range 2-7 years. The etiological agents which were most frequently isolated from the analyzed cases were: Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, in 40.22% and 21.74%, respectively. 51.35% of the S. pneumoniae isolated strains were not typable. The oxacillin-resistant S. pneumoniae strains were submitted to the minimum inhibitory concentration test (MIC) and three of them presented intermediate resistance, whereas only one was highly resistant to penicillin.
Meningococcal Disease Caused by Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup B Serotype 4 in São Paulo, Brazil, 1990 to 1996
Authors: Sacchi Claudio Tavares , Lemos Ana Paula Silva de , Camargo Maria Claudia C. , Whitney Anne M. , Melles Carmo Elias A. , Solari Claude André , Frasch Carl E. , Mayer Leonard W.
Published: April 2005

A large epidemic of serogroup B meningococcal disease (MD), has been occurring in greater São Paulo, Brazil, since 1988.21 A Cuban-produced vaccine, based on outer-membrane-protein (OMP) from serogroup B: serotype 4: serosubtype P1.15 (B:4:P1.15) Neisseria meningitidis, was given to about 2.4 million children aged from 3 months to 6 years during 1989 and 1990. The administration of vaccine had little or no measurable effects on this outbreak. In order to detect clonal changes that could explain the continued increase in the incidence of disease after the vaccination, we serotyped isolates recovered between 1990 and 1996 from 834 patients with systemic disease. Strains B:4:P1.15, which was detected in the area as early as 1977, has been the most prevalent phenotype since 1988. These strains are still prevalent in the area and were responsible for about 68% of 834 serogroup B cases in the last 7 years. We analyzed 438 (52%) of these strains by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLPs) of rRNA genes (ribotyping). The most frequent pattern obtained was referred to as Rb1 (68%). We concluded that the same clone of B:4:P1.15-Rb1 strains was the most prevalent strain and responsible for the continued increase of incidence of serogroup B MD cases in greater São Paulo during the last 7 years in spite of the vaccination trial.
Evolution of IgG antibody response against Toxoplasma gondii tissue cyst in acute and chronic human infections
Authors: VILLAVEDRA Margarita , CAROL Hernán , NIETO Alberto
Published: April 2005

The recognition profile of the tissue cysts antigens by IgG antibodies was studied during acute and chronic human toxoplasmic infection. Thus the IgG response against Toxoplasma gondii was investigated by immunoblotting in two patients accidentally infected with the RH strain as well as in group of naturally infected patients at acute and chronic phase. There was an overall coincidence of molecular mass among antigens of tachyzoites and tissue cysts recognized by these sera, however, they appear not to be the same molecules. The response against tissue cysts starts early during acute infection, and the reactivity of antibodies is strong against a wide range of antigens. Six bands (between 82 and 151 kDa) were exclusively recognized by chronic phase sera but only the 132 kDa band was positive in more than 50% of the sera analysed. A mixture of these antigens could be used to discriminate between the two infection phases. The most important antigens recognized by the acute and the chronic phase sera were 4 clusters in the ranges 20-24 kDa, 34-39 kDa, 58-80 kDa and 105-130 kDa as well as two additional antigens of 18 and 29 kDa. Both accidentally infected patients and some of the naturally infected patients showed a weak specific response against tissue cyst antigens.
Hemorrhagic syndrome and Acute renal failure in a pregnant woman after contact with Lonomia caterpillars: a case report
Authors: FAN Hui Wen , CARDOSO João Luiz C. , OLMOS Rodrigo Díaz , ALMEIDA Flávia Jacqueline , VIANA Rosana Porto , MARTINEZ Ana Paula Pinto
Published: April 2005

A case of a 37-week pregnant woman who developed a hemorrhagic syndrome and acute renal failure after contact with Lonomia caterpillars is reported. The accident also initiated labour and the patient gave birth to an alive child. Some pathophysiological aspects of the genital bleeding and of the acute renal failure are discussed.
Influence of Immunopreventable Diseases and AIDS on the Demand of an Infectious Diseases Department in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, in the Course of Thirty Years (1965-1994)
Authors: SETÚBAL Sérgio , TAVARES Walter , OLIVEIRA Solange Artimos de
Published: April 2005

Brazil's nosologic profile has been sustaining profound modifications. Some occurred because of massive immunization campaigns and socioeconomic and demographic trends. Some yet were pure nosologic transitions, such as the emergence of AIDS. In this demand study it is described how these changes reflected on the 8,630 admissions of an Infectious Diseases Department in Niterói, along a thirty year period. Brazilian rural endemic diseases were infrequent (3.45%). Men predominated (62%) all the time, in all age strata and in nearly all diseases. Children under fifteen predominated until 1983. There was, in the case of tetanus, a striking rise in age strata. Institutional mortality dropped from 31% in 1965 to 10% in 1984, but rose since then to 15% in 1994. However, if AIDS patients had not been computed, mortality would have kept descending till 8% at the end of the study period. The crescent unimportance of immunopreventable diseases paralleled with the growing prominence of AIDS. In less than a decade, AIDS ranked fifth among the most frequent diseases in the whole period of thirty years. As opposed to the immunopreventable diseases, neither meningitides nor pneumonia appear to be in decline. AIDS, by its exponential incidence, by its chronic character, and by the uncountable opportunistic infections it determines, imposes itself as a challenge for the coming years.
DETECTION OF IgM ANTIBODIES TO Schistosoma mansoni GUT-ASSOCIATED ANTIGENS FOR THE STUDY OF THE DYNAMICS OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS TRANSMISSION IN AN ENDEMIC AREA WITH LOW WORM BURDEN
Authors: KANAMURA Herminia Y. , DIAS Luiz Candido S. , GLASSER Carmem M. , SILVA Rita Maria da , PATUCCI Rosa Maria J. , CHIODELLI G. , ADDISS David G.
Published: April 2005

For a period of 2 years, five follow-up measures of prevalence and incidence rates were estimated in a prospective study of S. mansoni infection in a group of schoolchildren who were living in a rural area of the Municipality of Itariri (São Paulo, Brazil), where schistosomiasis is transmitted by Biomphalaria tenagophila. Infection was determined by the examination of three Kato-Katz stool slides, and the parasitological findings were analyzed in comparison to serological data. In the five surveys, carried out at 6-month intervals (March-April and September-October), the prevalences were, respectively, 8.6, 6.8, 9.9, 5.8 and 17.2% by the Kato-Katz, and 56.5, 52.6, 60.8, 53.5 and 70.1% by the immunofluorescence test (IFT). Geometric mean egg counts were low: 57.8, 33.0, 35.6, 47.3 and 40.9 eggs per gram of feces, respectively. Of the total of 299 schoolchildren, who submitted five blood samples at 6-month intervals, one for each survey, 40% were IFT-positive throughout the study, and 22% were IFT-negative in all five surveys. Seroconversion from IFT negative to positive, indicating newly acquired S. mansoni infection, was observed more frequently in surveys carried out during March-April (after Summer holidays), than during September-October. Seasonal trends were not statistically significant for detection of S. mansoni eggs in stool. The results indicate that the use of IgM-IFT is superior to parasitological methods for detection of incidence of S. mansoni infection in areas with low worm burden.
Salmonella-S. mansoni ASSOCIATION IN PATIENTS WITH ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME
Authors: LAMBERTUCCI J. Roberto , RAYES Abdunnabi A.M. , GERSPACHER-LARA Rogério
Published: April 2005

Two young men with Salmonella bacteraemia, active schistosomiasis and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are reported. The clinical presentation comprised nonspecific signs and symptoms, such as fatigue, malaise, weight loss, diarrhoea, prolonged fever, and hepatosplenomegaly. In one patient, liver biopsy showed poorly formed granulomata around Schistosoma mansoni eggs and hepatitis. Treatment of schistosomiasis alone induced consistent clinical improvement with eventual cure of both Salmonella and S. mansoni infections. Recognition of the Salmonella-S. mansoni association in patients with AIDS is important because treatment of schistosomiasis makes a difference, improving the prognosis of this otherwise, recurrent, potentially fatal bacteraemia.
RE-EVALUATION OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS MANSONI IN MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL. III. "NOROESTE DE MINAS" MESOREGION
Authors: CARVALHO Omar S. , MASSARA Cristiano L. , GUERRA Henrique L. , CAMPOS Yoná R. , CALDEIRA Roberta L. , CHAVES Adelú , KATZ Naftale
Published: April 2005

This study was conducted to assess the presence of schistosomiasis mansoni in the "Noroeste de Minas" mesoregion, an area considered non-endemic. A malacologic survey and parasitologic stool examinations were undertaken in 13 municipalities of the mesoregion. A sample of 3,283 primary school students was submitted to fecal examination by the Kato-Katz method. A total of 3,627 planorbids was collected and examined. The molluscs were identified as Biomphalaria straminea in seven municipalities (Unaí, Bonfinópolis de Minas, Paracatu, João Pinheiro, Vazante, Lagamar and Lagoa Grande) and as Biomphalaria peregrina in one (Presidente Olegário). All planorbids were negative for Schistosoma mansoni. Four students were diagnosed with schistosomiasis in the municipalities of Buritis, Formoso, Paracatu and Unaí, but none of these cases was considered autochthonous. The data obtained indicate that the "Noroeste de Minas" mesoregion continues to be non-endemic for schistosomiasis mansoni, although the presence of intermediate hosts associated with parasitized individuals emphasizes the need for epidemiological surveillance of schistosomiasis in this mesoregion.
ANTIGENIC RELATEDNESS OF SELECTED FLAVIVIRUSES: STUDY WITH HOMOLOGOUS AND HETEROLOGOUS IMMUNE MOUSE ASCITIC FLUIDS
Authors: BABA S.S. , FAGBAMI A.H. , OLALEYE O.D.
Published: April 2005

The antigenic relationship of 9 flaviviruses, Yellow fever (YF) , Wesselsbron (WSL) , Uganda S (UGS) , Potiskum (POT), West Nile (WN) , Banzi (BAN) , Zika (ZK) , Dengue type 1 (DEN-1) and Dengue type 2 (DEN-2), was assessed by cross-haemagglutination-inhibition (Cross-HI) and cross-complement fixation (Cross-CF) reactions between each of the viruses and their homologous immune mouse ascitic fluids. Titre ratios were calculated using the heterologous and homologous titres. Cross-CF reactions revealed wider antigenic variations among viruses than Cross-HI reactions. There was no significant antigenic variation between WSL, POT and YF viruses using either of those methods. However, definite differences in antigenicity were observed between them and UGS, BAN and ZK viruses. There were no significant differences between UGS, BAN and ZK or between DEN-1 and DEN-2. The serological relationship among flaviviruses is important in establishing diagnosis and epidemiology of these infections in Africa.
Lagochilascaris minor IN A PATIENT FROM THE COLOMBIAN AMAZON: A CASE REPORT
Authors: MONCADA Ligia I. , ALVAREZ Carlos A. , CASTELLANOS Carlos , CACERES Elvia , NICHOLLS Santiago , CORREDOR Augusto
Published: April 2005

A chronic infection (10 years) by Lagochilascaris minor is described in a woman from the amazon region of Colombia. This is the third case of infection by this parasite that has been described so far in Colombia, and only the first one in a person coming from the Colombian Amazon region.
HUMAN CYCLOSPORIASIS DIAGNOSIS: REPORT OF A CASE IN SÃO PAULO, SP, BRAZIL
Authors: Fernandes Andréia Otaviani Di Pietro , Carollo Maria Cristina Casaqui , Braz Lúcia Maria Almeida , Amato Neto Vicente , Villela Maria Silvia Hadler
Published: April 2005

Diagnosis of the human cyclosporiasis is reported in São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Cyclospora cayetanensis has been identified in the feces of a patient by a modified Kinyoun staining method, with later sporulation in a solution of 2.5% potassium dichromate. The probability that this parasite is the eventual cause of gastrointestinal disturbances in the country was stimulated by this finding, which was arrived at by a simple technique. It had been kept in mind that the disease was expressing itself mainly among immunocompromised patients, whose number is increasing; especially in those with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Giardia duodenalis: INTER-STRAIN VARIABILITY OF PROTEINS, ANTIGENS, PROTEASES, ISOENZYMES AND NUCLEIC ACIDS
Authors: GUIMARÃES Semiramis , SOGAYAR Maria Inês Leme , FRANCO Marcello F. de
Published: April 2005

Giardia duodenalis isolates from asymptomatic or symptomatic patients and from animals present similarities and differences in the protein composition, antigenic profile, pattern of proteases and isoenzymes, as well as in nucleic acids analysis. In the present overview, these differences and similarities are reviewed with emphasis in the host-parasite interplay and possible mechanisms of virulence of the protozoon.
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis: A MYCOLOGIC AND IMMUNOCHEMICAL STUDY OF TWO STRAINS
Authors: LACAZ Carlos da Silva , VIDAL Mônica Scarpelli Martinelli , HEINS-VACCARI Elisabeth Maria , MELO Natalina Takahashi de , DEL NEGRO Gilda Maria Barbaro , ARRIAGADA Giovana Letícia Hernandez , FREITAS Roseli dos Santos
Published: April 2005

The authors conducted a mycologic, immunochemical and molecular biology study on two strains of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, one of them, called IBIÁ, isolated from soil in the municipality of IBIÁ (Minas Gerais) by Silva-Vergara et al. (l996,1998)20,21, and the other, BAT, cultivated from a human case of paracoccidioidomycosis in Ribeirão Preto (São Paulo/Brazil) by Freitas da Silva (l996)6. Both strains showed cotton-like (M) and yeast-like (Y) forms and were pathogenic for testicularly inoculated guinea pigs, producing granulomatous and/or suppurative orchitis. Immunochemically was demonstrated the presence of gp43 by double immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis and immunoblotting.
EFFECT OF BACILLUS OF CALMETTE-GUÉRIN, AVRIDINE AND Propionibacterium acnes AS IMMUNOMODULATORS ON RABIES IN MICE
Authors: MEGID J. , PERAÇOLI M.T.S. , CURI P.R. , ZANETTI C.R. , CABRERA W.H. , VASSAO R. , ITO F.H.
Published: April 2005

The cellular and humoral immune responses of mice inoculated with rabies virus and treated with the Bacillus of Calmette-Guérin, Avridine and Propionibacterium acnes were evaluated in this paper. There was a higher percentage of surviving mice in groups submitted to P. acnes treatment. Lower levels of interferon-g (IFN-g) were found in infected mice. The intra-pad inoculation test (IPI) was not effective to detect cellular immune response, contrary to the results found in MIF reaction. The survival of mice did not present correlation with the levels of antirabies serum neutralizing (SN) antibodies titers, IFN-g concentration and MIF response.
HEADACHE IN CHAGASIC WOMEN
Authors: SANTOS Vitorino Modesto dos , CUNHA Selma Freire de Carvalho da , TEIXEIRA Vicente de Paula Antunes , MONTEIRO Jaqueline Pontes , SANTOS Jenner Arruda Modesto dos , SANTOS Taciana Arruda Modesto dos , SANTOS Lister Arruda Modesto dos , CUNHA Daniel Ferreira da
Published: April 2005

The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of headache between Chagasic and Non-chagasic women. The cross-sectional study comprised 647 female ³40 years old, Chagasic (n = 362) and Controls (n = 285) at a Brazilian University Hospital. Chagasic were classified as Cardiac (n = 179), Megas (n = 58) or Indeterminate (n = 125) clinical forms. Headache was ascertained according to Headache International Society diagnostic criteria. The age (57.0 ± 11.3 versus 57.3 ± 10.4 years), and the percentage of white women (75.8% versus 77.1%) were similar between Chagasic and Controls, respectively. Headache was more prevalent among Chagasic (32.9%) than Controls (16.1%), mainly in Cardiac form (odds ratio, 2.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.38-4.23), phenomenon possibly related to parasympathetic denervation and cerebral vessels changes.
Increased natural killer activity does not prevent progression of experimental Kala-azar
Authors: SARTORI Alexandrina , KANENO Ramon , BARUZZI Nelson , PERAÇOLI Maria Terezinha Serrão
Published: April 2005

Kala-azar is the visceral form of leishmaniasis and it is caused by intracellular parasites from the complex Leishmania donovani. Golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) infected with Leishmania donovani develop a disease very similar to human Kala-azar. There is conspicuous hipergammaglobulinaemia and their T cells do not respond to stimulation with parasite antigens. We used this experimental model to evaluate the natural killer (NK) activity during the initial phase of the disease. Outbred hamsters infected by intravenous route with 5.106 amastigotes of L. donovani 1S showed a concurrent increase in the spleen weight and in the spleen cell number. Using the single cell assay we detected a significant increase in the percentage of NK effector cells on the 4th day of infection. Imprints from spleen and liver showed at days 14 and 28 a significant increase in the parasite burden . These results show that the increased NK activity in the beginning of the infection was not able to restrain the progression of the disease in this experimental model.
The effect of temperature on mobility of Angiostrongylus costaricensis third stage larvae
Authors: RICHINITTI Lúcia M.Z. , FONSECA Nivaldo A. , GRAEFF-TEIXEIRA Carlos
Published: April 2005

Third stage larvae (L3) from Angiostrongylus costaricensis were incubated in water at room temperature and at 5 ° C and their mobility was assessed daily for 17 days. Viability was associated with the mobility and position of the L3, and it was confirmed by inoculation per os in albino mice. The number of actively moving L3 sharply decreased within 3 to 4 days, but there were some infective L3 at end of observation. A mathematical model estimated 80 days as the time required to reduce the probability of infective larvae to zero. This data does not support the proposition of refrigerating vegetables and raw food as an isolated procedure for prophylaxis of human abdominal angiostrongylosis infection.
Prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania chagasi infection and risk factors in a Colombian indigenous population
Authors: CORREDOR ARJONA Augusto , ALVAREZ MORENO Carlos Arturo , AGUDELO Carlos Alberto , BUENO Martha , LÓPEZ Myriam Consuelo , CÁCERES Elvia , REYES Patricia , DUQUE BELTRAN Sofia , GÜALDRON Luis Eduardo , SANTACRUZ Maria Mercedes
Published: April 2005

This study was carried out in order to obtain base-line data concerning the epidemiology of American Visceral Leishmaniasis and Chagas’ Disease in an indigenous population with whom the government is starting a dwelling improvement programme. Information was collected from 242 dwellings (1,440 people), by means of house to house interviews about socio-economic and environmental factors associated with Leishmania chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi transmission risk. A leishmanin skin test was applied to 385 people and 454 blood samples were collected on filter paper in order to detect L. chagasi antibodies by ELISA and IFAT and T. cruzi antibodies by ELISA. T. cruzi seroprevalence was 8.7% by ELISA, L. chagasi was 4.6% and 5.1% by IFAT and ELISA, respectively. ELISA sensitivity and specificity for L. chagasi antibodies were 57% and 97.5% respectively, as compared to the IFAT. Leishmanin skin test positivity was 19%. L. chagasi infection prevalence, being defined as a positive result in the three-immunodiagnostic tests, was 17.1%. Additionally, 2.7% of the population studied was positive to both L. chagasi and T. cruzi, showing a possible cross-reaction. L. chagasi and T. cruzi seropositivity increased with age, while no association with gender was observed. Age (p<0.007), number of inhabitants (p<0.05), floor material (p<0.03) and recognition of vector (p<0.01) were associated with T. cruzi infection, whilst age ( p<0.007) and dwelling improvement (p<0.02) were associated with L. chagasi infection. It is necessary to evaluate the long-term impact of the dwelling improvement programme on these parasitic infections in this community.
In vitro evaluation of erythromycin in chloroquine resistant brazilian P. falciparum freshly isolates: modulating effect and antimalarial activity evidence
Authors: MENEZES Carla M. S. , KIRCHGATTER Karin , DI SANTI Sílvia M. F. , SAVALLI Carine , MONTEIRO Fabíola G. , PAULA Gilberto A. , FERREIRA Elizabeth I.
Published: April 2005

Erythromycin, a reversal agent in multidrug-resistant cancer, was assayed in chloroquine resistance modulation. The in vitro microtechnique for drug susceptibility was employed using two freshly isolates of Plasmodium falciparum from North of Brazil. The antimalarial effect of the drug was confirmed, with an IC50 estimates near the usual antimicrobial therapy concentration, and a significant statistical modulating action was observed for one isolate.
Dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton raubitschekii. Report of the first case in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: LACAZ Carlos da Silva , ZAITZ Clarisse , RUIZ Ligia Rangel B. , SOUZA Valéria Maria de , SANTOS Ana Regina Alencar , MURAMATU Laura Hitomi , MELO Natalina Takahashi de , HEINS-VACCARI Elisabeth Maria , HERNÁNDEZ-ARRIAGADA Giovana Leticia , FREITAS-LEITE Roseli Santos de
Published: April 2005

The authors report the first case of dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton raubitschekii in a patient from the State of São Paulo with Tinea corporis lesions localized on the buttocks. Culture on Sabouraud-agar with cycloheximide permitted the isolation and identification of the fungus, and the diagnosis was confirmed by Dr. Lynne Sigler, University of Alberta, Canada. Systemic treatment with fluconazole, 150 mg/week for 4 weeks, in combination with topical treatment with isoconazole initially yielded favorable results, with recurrence of the lesions after the medication was discontinued. This is the fifth case of this dermatophytosis published in the Brazilian medical literature.
Partial chemical characterization of antigenic preparations of chromoblastomycosis agents
Authors: BARROS Tania Fraga , RESENDE Maria Aparecida de
Published: April 2005

Antigenic preparations (saline, methylic, metabolic and exoantigens) of four agents of chromoblastomycosis, Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Phialophora verrucosa, Cladophialophora (Cladosporium) carrionii and Rhinocladiella aquaspersa were obtained. Partial chemical characterization of these antigenic preparations was obtained by determination of the levels of total lipids, protein, and carbohydrates, and identification of the main sterols and carbohydrates. Methylic antigens presented the highest lipid contents, whereas metabolic antigens showed the highest carbohydrate content. Total lipid, protein, and carbohydrate levels were in the range of 2.33 to 2.00mg/ml, 0.04 to 0.02 mg/ml and 0.10 to 0.02 mg/ml, respectively, in the methylic antigens and in the range of 0.53 to 0.18mg/ml, 0.44 to 0.26mg/ml, and 1.82 to 1.02 mg/ml, respectively, in saline antigens. Total lipid, protein, and carbohydrate contents were in the range of 0.55 to 0.20mg/ml, 0.69 to 0.57mg/ml and 10.73 to 5.93mg/ml, respectively, in the metabolic antigens, and in the range of 0.55 to 0.15mg/ml, 0.62 to 0.20mg/ml and 3.55 to 0.42mg/ml, respectively, in the exoantigens. Phospholipids were not detected in the preparations. Saline and metabolic antigens and exoantigens presented hexose and the methylic antigen revealed additional pentose units in their composition. The UV light absorption spectra of the sterols revealed squalene and an ergosterol fraction in the antigens. The characterization of these antigenic preparations may be useful for serological evaluation of patients of chromoblastomycosis.
Jorge Lobo’s disease: experimental inoculation in Swiss mice
Authors: OPROMOLLA Diltor Vladimir Araújo , MADEIRA Suzana , BELONE Andréa de Faria Fernandes , VILANI-MORENO Fátima Regina
Published: April 2005

Sixty-four isogenic Swiss mice were intradermically inoculated in both hind foot pads. The inocula, consisting of fungal suspensions from biopsies obtained from Jorge Lobo’s Disease patients, had the total number of fungi and the viability index determined using a Neubauer chamber and the fluorescein diacetate-ethidium bromide technique (FD-EB), respectively. The animals were sacrificed at times ranging from ten days to eighteen months after inoculation. The cellular infiltrate, mainly consisting of macrophages containing fungi, increased progressively up to end of the study; however, no macroscopic alterations were observed in the inoculated feet. After nine months, small numbers of Langhans’ giant cells started to appear in the infiltrate. A considerable number of fungi was observed at the end of the experimental period, but only a few were viable when stained by the FD-EB technique. This fact suggests that there is a multiplication of fungal cells, which are destroyed by the macrophages but remain in the tissue for a long time due perhaps to the difficulties in their elimination. These findings led us to conclude that in spite of the maintenance of the infection in these animals, Swiss mice cannot be considered an ideal model to study Jorge Lobo’s Disease. However, the authors call attention to the possibility of other mouse strains being more susceptible to Paracoccidioides loboi.
Gamma 60Co DL50/30 of Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818)
Authors: CARVALHO Elaine Barros da Costa , MELO Ana Maria Mendonça de Albuquerque , MOTTA Mauricy Alves da
Published: April 2005

The variation of resistance to 60Co gamma-rays of Biomphalaria glabrata was studied. A population of 480 mollusks was observed during 30 days - distributed in 8 groups of snails isolated and 8 groups of snails in colonies - after exposure (30 snails per group per dose) to increasing doses of gamma radiation. Doses of 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 160, 320 and 640 Gy from a Gamma-cell 60Co irradiator, were applied to the test groups and two groups control (non-irradiated) of snails - isolated and colony - were kept apart. After have been exposed, the snails were drew back to the aquaria where they were maintained before. The survival was estimated on a daily score of the alive animals in each group-dose, starting after the irradiation exposure day. As a result, the survival self-fertilization forms (DL50/30 = 218.2 Gy) was found greater than in cross-fecundation forms. These data point to a low radio-resistance on the cross-fertilization forms - the sexual reproductive form - which is most found in nature. The lower radio-resistance of the cross-fertilization forms suggests the presence of some sex-linked hormonal factor related to this phenomenon.
Listeria monocytogenes in renal transplant recipients
Authors: HOFER Cristina Barroso , MELLES Carmo Elias Andrade , HOFER Ernesto
Published: April 2005

Five cases of Listeria monocytogenes bacteriemia were observed from April to December 1985, among renal transplant recipients from the same hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. The patients were adults (mean age: 40.6 years), and the basic complain was fever, with no report of meningeal syndrome. Laboratory tests revealed the presence of two serovars, 1/2a and 4b, which were classified into three lysotypes. The four strains of serovar 4b showed the same antibiotype, with resistance to cefoxitin, clindamycin, oxacillin and penicillin.
Asymptomatic infections by diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in children from Misiones, Argentina, during the first twenty months of their lives
Authors: QUIROGA Marina , OVIEDO Patricia , CHINEN Isabel , PEGELS Eduardo , HUSULAK Elizabeth , BINZTEIN Norma , RIVAS Marta , SCHIAVONI Lydia , VERGARA Marta
Published: April 2005

Diarrheagenics Escherichia coli are the major agents involved in diarrheal disease in developing countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the time of appearance of the first asymptomatic infection by the different categories of diarrheagenic E. coli in 44 children since their birth and during the first 20 months of their lives. In all of the children studied, we detected at least one category of diarrheagenic E. coli through the 20 months of the study. 510 diarrheagenic E. coli (33.5%) were obtained from the 1,524 samples collected from the 44 children during the time of the study (31.4% EAggEC, 28.8% EPEC, 27.1% DAEC, and 12.7% ETEC). Neither EHEC nor EIEC were identified. The median age for diarrheagenic E. coli colonization was 7.5 months. The mean weaning period was 12.8 months and the mean age for introduction of mixed feeding (breast fed supplemented) was 3.8 months. A significantly lower incidence of diarrheal disease and asymptomatic infections was recorded among the exclusively breast-fed rather than in the supplemented and non breast-fed infants. For ETEC, EPEC and EAggEC the introduction of weaning foods and complete termination of breast-feeding were associated with an increase of asymptomatic infections.
Randomized, double-blind trial comparing indinavir alone, zidovudine alone and indinavir plus zidovudine in antiretroviral therapy-naive hiv-infected individuals with CD4 cell counts between 50 and 250/mm3
Authors: LEWI David S. , SULEIMAN Jamal M. , UIP David E. , PEDRO Rogerio J. , SOUZA Rosa A. , SULEIMAN Grace S. , ACCETTURI Conceição , LEITE Olavo M. , ABREU William B. , KALICHMAN Artur O. , MORAES-FILHO Joaquim P.P. , MOTTI Eduardo F. , PECORARO Maria Lucia C. , MAKURATH Mark R. , NESSLY Michael L. , LEAVITT Randi Y.
Published: April 2005

Treatment with indinavir has been shown to result in marked decreases in viral load and increases in CD4 cell counts in HIV-infected individuals. A randomized double-blind study to evaluate the efficacy of indinavir alone (800 mg q8h), zidovidine alone (200 mg q8h) or the combination was performed to evaluate progression to AIDS. 996 antiretroviral therapy-naive patients with CD4 cell counts of 50-250/mm3 were allocated to treatment. During the trial the protocol was amended to add lamivudine to the zidovudine-containing arms. The primary endpoint was time to development of an AIDS-defining illness or death. The study was terminated after a protocol-defined interim analysis demonstrated highly significant reductions in progression to a clinical event in the indinavir-containing arms, compared to the zidovudine arm (p<0.0001). Over a median follow-up of 52 weeks (up to 99 weeks), percent reductions in hazards for the indinavir plus zidovudine and indinavir groups compared to the zidovudine group were 70% and 61%, respectively. Significant reductions in HIV RNA and increases in CD4 cell counts were also seen in the indinavir-containing groups compared to the zidovudine group. Improvement in both CD4 cell count and HIV RNA were associated with reduced risk of disease progression. All three regimens were generally well tolerated.
Paracoccidioidomycosis of the male genital tract. Report of eleven cases and a review of Brazilian literature
Authors: SEVERO Luiz Carlos , KAUER Carmen Lúcia , OLIVEIRA Flávio de Mattos , RIGATTI Rosiê Augusta , HARTMANN Antônio Atalíbio , LONDERO Alberto Thomaz
Published: April 2005

Eleven cases of involvement of the genital tract in paracoccidioidomycosis were collected in a retrospective study of the clinical records of 683 patients seen in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. These cases are herein summarily reported. Eighteen similar cases were gathered in review of the Brazilian literature. Obtained data are discussed.
Frequency of suspected cases of neurocysticercosis detected by computed skull tomography in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
Authors: SILVA José Edson Paz da , DIEFENTHÄLER Ana Paula , PALMA José Knoll
Published: April 2005

Due to the lack of studies about neurocysticercosis in the South of Brazil, an investigation was conducted to determine the percentage of suspected cases of neurocysticercosis in computed tomography diagnoses in Santa Maria, RS, from January 1997 to December 1998. Of 6300 computed tomographies (CT) of the skull performed at the private Hospital de Caridade Astrogildo de Azevedo, 80, i.e., 1.27% were suspected of neurocysticercosis. Fifty were women (62.5%) and 30 were men (37.5%). The most frequent radiological manifestation indicating neurocysticercosis was the presence of calcifications (isolated or associated), with a 95% rate (76 cases), while the presence of hypodense lesions reached a 5% rate (4 cases). After routine analysis, each CT was evaluated again and the suspected cases were confirmed. The percentage of suspected cases of neurocysticercosis detected by CT in the present study carried out in Santa Maria was considered low (1.27%). This can be explained by the fact that tomography is not accessible to the economically underprivileged population of Santa Maria. We hope that the present study can alert the population and the professionals to the fact that neurocysticercosis is a more frequent disease than indicated by the few diagnoses made.