bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acoustic Emission/Seismicity at Depth Beneath an Artificial Lake after the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake
Authors: Moriya Hirokazu
Published: August 2018

Acoustic emission (AE)/seismicity activity increased near the city of Sendai, Japan, after the 11 March 2011 Tohoku earthquake in a newly seismically active region near the Nagamachi-Rifu fault, which caused a magnitude 5.0 earthquake in 1998. The source of this activity was around 12 km beneath an artificial lake. At the same time, activity on the Nagamachi-Rifu fault nearly ceased. More than 1550 micro-earthquakes were observed between 11 March 2011 and 1 August 2012, of which 63% exhibited similar waveforms and defined 64 multiplets. It appears that crustal extension of about 2 m during the Tohoku earthquake and additional extension of about 1 m during the following year changed the stress field in this region, thus generating micro-earthquakes and controlling their frequency. However, it has been presumed that crustal movement during the Tohoku earthquake did not affect the direction of principal stress, and that these events induced repeated quasi-static slips at asperities and the resultant micro-earthquakes.
A New Approach to Off-Line Robust Model Predictive Control for Polytopic Uncertain Models
Authors: Ma Xianghua , Bao Hanqiu , Zhang Ning
Published: August 2018

Concerning the robust model predictive control (MPC) for constrained systems with polytopic model characterization, some approaches have already been given in the literature. One famous approach is an off-line MPC, which off-line finds a state-feedback law sequence with corresponding ellipsoidal domains of attraction. Originally, each law in the sequence was calculated by fixing the infinite horizon control moves as a single state feedback law. This paper optimizes the feedback law in the larger ellipsoid, foreseeing that, if it is applied at the current instant, then better feedback laws in the smaller ellipsoids will be applied at the following time. In this way, the new approach achieves a larger domain of attraction and better control performance. A simulation example shows the effectiveness of the new technique.
Effect of Rejuvenator Containing Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonic Acid (DBSA) on Physical Properties, Chemical Components, Colloidal Structure and Micro-Morphology of Aged Bitumen
Authors: Kuang Dongliang , Ye Zhou , Yang Lifeng , Liu Ning , Lu Zaihong , Chen Huaxin
Published: August 2018

DBSA was used as a solubilizer together with conventional rejuvenator (CR) to produce a solubilized rejuvenator (SR), two kinds of aged bitumen involving TFOT aged bitumen and PAV aged bitumen were obtained by thin film oven test (TFOT) and pressurized aging vessel (PAV), respectively. Effects of CR and SR on the physical properties, chemical components, colloidal structure and micro-morphology of TFOT aged bitumen and PAV aged bitumen were investigated. Testing results of physical properties and chemical components indicated that CR and SR can replenish aged bitumen with necessary aromatics, TFOT aged bitumen that chemical component variation deteriorates its physical properties. With regard to PAV aged bitumen, of which the performance attenuation lies in chemical components variation and colloidal structure transformation, even if the content of CR reached up to 10 wt %, the regenerated bitumen cannot meet the regeneration requirement yet due to its definite influence on colloidal structure transformation, comparatively, sulfonic group in SR can react with the superficial atoms of asphaltenes to reform a solvation layer to facilitate the colloidal structure transformation of PAV aged bitumen, performance and beelike structure of regenerated PAV aged with bitumen with 10 wt % SR were approximated to that of virgin bitumen.
Une analyse de la valorisation des compétences en développement durable dans les organisations au Québec
Authors: Boivin Maryse , Berthold  Etienne , Tanguay Georges A.
Published: August 2018

Cet article analyse la relation entre la valorisation des compétences en développement durable et : i) les caractéristiques des organisations; ii) l’adoption d’une démarche de développement durable. À partir d’une enquête par questionnaire menée auprès de 560 répondants appartenant à des organisations québécoises, nous avons interrogé leur engagement dans une démarche de développement durable ainsi que leur regard quant à la valorisation des compétences liées au sujet. Les analyses caractérisent les organisations engagées dans cette démarche et dévoilent des liens entre la démarche et la valorisation des compétences. Nous obtenons deux principaux résultats. Premièrement, en termes de caractérisation, les organisations du secteur primaire, les grandes organisations ainsi que celles à caractère public démontrent une plus grande propension à s’engager dans une démarche de développement durable. Selon les répondants, cela se traduit souvent en une reconnaissance élevée de l’employabilité des compétences en développement durable. Deuxièmement, l’engagement d’une démarche de développement durable explique en partie la valorisation des compétences chez les employés actuels ou potentiels, que ce soit en termes d’intérêt général, de formation à l’interne ou de qualifications académiques. Étant donné ces résultats, nous suggérons que le contexte législatif pourrait contribuer à stimuler cet engagement tandis que la vocation commerciale des organisations semblerait plutôt l’entraver, en dépit des possibilités concurrentielles que peut offrir ce genre de démarche.
Modélisation de l'érosion hydrique à l’échelle du bassin versant du Mhaydssé. Békaa-Liban
Authors: Hassan Hussein El Hage , Charbel Laurence , Touchart Laurent
Published: August 2018

Le Liban des hautes plaines subit une érosion hydrique qui tend à décaper ses sols et menacer ses activités agricoles. L’effet conjugué des actions anthropiques (conduites culturales, déboisement, surpâturage) et des facteurs naturels (agressivité climatique, versants abrupts, sol), fragilise le sol et menace les parcelles agricoles par le depôt des sédiments. Mhaydssé est un village concerné par le problème, représentatif des conditions naturelles et anthropiques du sud-est de la Békaa. L’étude utilise les SIG et l’équation universelle des pertes en terre (USLE). Pour remplacer l’intensité des précipitations, l’indice d’agressivité a été calculé à partir de l’équation de Renard et Freimund. Cinq types de sols ont été échantillonnés, pour lesquels la granulométrie a été analysée en cinq classes. La topographie (pente), le couvert végétal et les pratiques anti-érosives sont les autres facteurs qui ont été quantifiés. Sur les 1800 hectares du terrain d’étude, la perte moyenne en terre est de 46 t/ha/an. Cette valeur élevée est issue d’une grande hétérogénéité spatiale. Les versants dénudés subissent des taux supérieurs à 300 t/ha/an, tandis que le fond de la plaine n’est pratiquement pas touché. Les grandes différences spatiales sur de petites distances confirment le bienfondé d’une analyse précise de la texture des sols.
Diversité des Mammifères et valeur pour la conservation des reliques forestières au sein d’une concession agro-industrielle au sud-ouest de la Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Bohoussou Kouakou Hilaire , Akpatou Kouamé Bertin , Kouassi Yao Wa Roland , Kpangui Kouassi Bruno
Published: August 2018

L’écosystème forestier du sud-ouest de la Côte d’Ivoire abrite une diversité biologique exceptionnelle et de nombreuses espèces endémiques. Dans cette région, la création de nombreuses plantations agro-industrielles menace la survie de cette biodiversité. Les rares reliques forestières disséminées au sein de ces vastes plantations constituent les seuls espoirs de maintien et de survie de la faune locale. Cette étude se propose d’évaluer la diversité biologique et de déterminer le statut de conservation des Mammifères dans quatre reliques forestières au sein des plantations agro-industrielles de la société SOGB. La présence des Mammifères a été détectée par l’étude des traces, par les observations auditives et visuelles. La présence de 31 espèces de Mammifères a été confirmée dans ces reliques forestières. Parmi ces espèces, une est classée en Danger (EN), deux comme Vulnérable (VU) et trois dans la catégorie Quasi-menacée (NT) selon les critères de l’Union Internationale pour la Conservation de la Nature (UICN). Les reliques forestières prospectées abritent une proportion importante de Mammifères caractéristiques des forêts de la Haute Guinée et six espèces dont la protection est d’intérêt mondial, ce qui leur confère une grande valeur pour la conservation et le besoin d’une protection immédiate.
Pastoralisme et politiques développementalistes : états de lieux sur les systèmes de tenure foncière pastorale en Afrique Subsaharienne
Authors: Ibrahim Habibou , Mormont Marc , Stassart Pierre M. , Yamba Boubacar
Published: August 2018

Cette revue bibliographique met en évidence les politiques d’élevage qui affectent le pastoralisme sahélien et ses impacts de réformes institutionnelles et foncières. Le point central est constitué par les systèmes de tenure foncière pastorale qui ont été profondément affectés par ces politiques pastorales qui, avec l’accroissement démographique et les crises écologiques, contribuent à la destruction des moyens d’existence des communautés pastorales. Ce que montre aussi l’inventaire des connaissances, c’est que la gestion durable des espaces pastoraux nécessite la prise en compte de la pluralité des acteurs, de leurs stratégies et de leurs capacités d’adaptation des systèmes aux contextes institutionnel et écologique changeants. Ce travail consiste en une synthèse des recherches sur ces politiques et enjeux fonciers (Goxe et al., 2006). Cette synthèse permet d’élucider les goulots d’étranglement des systèmes pastoraux mobiles pour questionner les représentations du pastoralisme aux regards des réalités nouvelles et des défis actuels des territoires pastoraux.
Effet des facteurs environnementaux sur la structuration de la flore ligneuse du Karthala (Grande-Comore, Océan indien)
Authors: Mahamoud Charahabil Mohamed , Akpo Léonard Elie
Published: August 2018

La compréhension des facteurs contrôlant la distribution des espèces végétales et/ou animales est au centre des questions en écologie et en biogéographie et plus particulièrement dans les états insulaires où la biodiversité est souvent originale et les conditions environnementales souvent très particulières. Dans cette étude, un lien a été établi entre la distribution spatiale des espèces et les facteurs environnementaux. Une modélisation de la niche écologique des espèces les plus représentées (fréquence relative supérieure à 5 %) de la forêt du Karthala a été réalisée à l’aide du logiciel Maxent 3.2 (Maximum d’entropie). Les contributions relatives de facteurs environnementaux utilisés dans le modèle ont servi pour établir, à l’aide d’une classification hiérarchique ascendante (CHA), des groupements d’espèces ayant les mêmes exigences environnementales. La relation entre la structure des espèces et les facteurs environnementaux a été établie à l’aide d’une analyse en co-inertie appliquée sur deux tableaux (espèces/facteurs environnementaux et espèces/sites) et a permis d’identifier des groupes d’espèces présentes dans les mêmes habitats et partageant les mêmes exigences climatiques. Cette analyse de co-structure a montré que la structure des espèces s’explique par l’environnement et plus particulièrement par la pluviométrie et la pente. La température n’agit que très peu sur la structuration de cette flore. L’ensemble de l’étude a ainsi démontré que l’approche de la niche écologique combinée aux analyses multivariées classiques est pertinente dans la compréhension des facteurs influençant la disposition de la phytodiversité actuelle de cette forêt. Les résultats de cette étude devraient servir pour mieux orienter les programmes de gestion et de conservation des espaces boisés de l’archipel des Comores. Il serait cependant intéressant de continuer la réflexion en intégrant l’étude des sols et des effets anthropiques dans les sites étudiés pour une meilleure compréhension du patron habitat et de l’organisation de la végétation.
Study on the Effect of Salt Fog on Viscoelastic Material and Constrained Damping Structure
Authors: Lyu Ping , Li Wen Li , Huang Wei Bo , Wan Fei
Published: August 2018

The change about molecular chain of viscoelastic material in salt fog environment was tested by FTIR. The effects of salt fog aging on material and damping capacity of the damping layer in the constrained damping structure were researched by macro-mechanical properties and micro-molecular chain movement. The results showed that salt fog could reduce the mechanical properties of the viscoelastic material, the chemical bonds of molecular which were mainly hydrogen bonds had varying degrees of breaking, the composite loss factor of constrained damping structure decreased over time, and the vibration acceleration level increased gradually. The composite loss factors of the viscoelastic material after 90 days salt fog aging were 0.2047 and respectively, which illustrated that the material still had strong energy dissipation capacity.
Experimental Evaluation of Fundamental and Phase Change Characteristics for Carbon-Based Suspensions
Authors: Teng Tun Ping , Hsiao Ting Chiang , Chung Chun Chi
Published: August 2018

In this study, carbon-based materials prepared using an isoperibol oxygen bomb calorimeter of varying oxygen pressure were added to water to form carbon-based suspensions (CBSs). The thermal conductivity, viscosity, density, and contact angle of CBSs were measured by appropriate instruments to understand the fundamental characteristics of CBSs. A differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was used to measure and analyze the phase change characteristics of CBSs to evaluate the feasibility of employing CBSs as phase change materials (PCMs) in ice-storage air-conditioning systems. The experimental results revealed that the thermal conductivity, viscosity, and density of CBSs did not significantly change but a significant reduction in the contact angle of sample’s droplets occurred compared with that of water. The CBS of S5 had the lowest melting temperature and subcooling degree (SD) and highest freezing temperature in the DSC experiments; thus, S5 was determined to be the most suitable CBS for use as a PCM in this study.
Effect of Temperature on 16 nm n-FiNFET
Authors: Pengchan Weera
Published: August 2018

This research presents the effect of temperature that influence to the performance of 16 nm SOI n-FinFET structure. The structure has created with structure tool on GTS Framework. The transistor has 1 nanometer HfO2 gate oxide with all metal contact and biased on Minimos-NT tool, with variation of temperatures from 300 K to 420 K with 30 K per step. The result found the decrease in saturation current, threshold voltage and mobility. The temperature brought electron and rose the density of electron as the potential from power supply that energized to the structure. They made mobility fall with them rising. The temperature makes a performance of FinFET structure.
Two-Step Synthesis of Cobalt Oxide Nanowires via Electroless Deposition and Thermal Oxidation for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Balela Mary Donnabelle L. , Angostura Thomas Jay E. , Domingo Amiel Marc F. , Facal Charmaine Grace P.
Published: August 2018

Cobalt (Co) nanowires were synthesized via electroless deposition in ethylene glycol under an external magnetic field then oxidized in air via thermal oxidation at 250 to 300 °C. The nanowires have lengths in the range of 10 to 14 µm while the diameter increases with oxidation temperature. This can be attributed to the partial melting of the nanowires during oxidation, resulting to sintering. The peaks in the XRD patterns show complete oxidation of Co nanowires, producing a mixture of Co3O4 and CoO. It was observed that Co3O4 and CoO peaks were more intense at 270 °C. There is a decrease in specific capacitance (F/g) with increase in scan rate due to poor electron exchange between active material electrode and electrolyte. Highest calculated specific capacitance was 339.28 F/g using nanowires oxidized at 270 °C at 1 mV/s scan rate.
Damage Mechanism Analysis of Carbon Fiber Composites under Compressive Load
Authors: He Xun Lai , Yin Jun Hui , Yang Zhen Qian , Liu Hong Wei
Published: August 2018

Carbon fiber composite material with light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance and other characteristics of its impact damage mechanism is different from the traditional metal materials. In this paper, the quasi-static compression of carbon fiber composites was carried out by using a material testing machine to analyze the damage mechanism. The Hopkinson bar technology was used to test the dynamic mechanical properties. The damage mechanism of the carbon fiber composites under dynamic compressive loading was studied. Stress - Strain relationship of composites under Quasi - static and dynamic compressive load. It is found that the main failure mode of out-of-plane direction of carbon fiber composite laminates is brittle shear failure, while the in-plane failure mode shows the properties of brittle materials.
Removal of Heavy Polynuclear Aromatics by Activated Carbons
Authors: Pilawan Wijai , Sirikarn Wisanu , Kraiwattanawong Kriangsak
Published: August 2018

Heavy polynuclear aromatics (HPNA) is a complex molecules generated during hydrocracking process in waxy oil. HPNA is eliminated by a commercial activated carbon in the absorber to prevent the fouling in the pipelines and the decrease of product yield. In this work, the commercial activated carbons containing the different micropores and the different mesopores were selected to investigate the influence of pore structure on the HPNA removal. Here, the surface area of commercial activated carbons were quite equivalent. The results show that the activated carbon possessing the high mesopores can adsorb HPNA better than the activated carbon having the high micropores in spite of the summation of a micropore volume and a mesopore volume are quite equal. Therefore, the mesopore structure is a major role in the HPNA removal.
High-Temperature Corrosion of Ni3Al+ 2.9%Cr Alloy in Ar-0.2%SO2 Gas
Authors: Lee Dong Bok , Kim Min Jung , Cho Gyu Chul , Park Soon Young , Yadav Poonam
Published: August 2018

The high-temperature corrosion behavior of Ni3Al+2.9 wt% Cr alloy was studied in SO2-containing environment. Corrosion tests were carried out at 900, 1000, and 1100 °C for 100 h in atmospheric Ar-0.2% SO2 gas. The alloy corroded relatively slowly due mainly to formation of Al2O3 in the scale. Its corrosion kinetics deviated from the parabolic corrosion rate law to a certain extent owing to ensuing scale spallation. This was attributed to (1) stress generated during scaling and the subsequent cooling period, (2) voids that formed due to the Kirkendall effect, and (3) incorporation of sulfur in the scale. The scale that formed after corrosion at 900 °C consisted of the outer NiO scale, middle NiAl2O4 scale, and inner Al2O3 scale. The increased corrosion rate at 1000 and 1100 °C led to formation of the outer NiO scale, and inner Al2O3 scale.
A Study of Mechanical Property of Eggshell with Inverse Method and Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Priyadumkol Jetsadaporn , Suvanjumrat Chakrit
Published: August 2018

This research proposed an inverse method to calculate the mechanical property of a chicken eggshell. The optimization method had been performed to determine the simulated results of the finite element analysis in order to predict Young’s Modulus of the eggshell. To obtain an accurate mechanical property of the eggshell, the finite element analysis was verified by comparison with the experimental results. There was found that the error of the coupling calculation method between the inverse method and finite element method was less than 0.1%. Consequently, the inverse method and finite element analysis can be used to determine the mechanical property of the other eggshell types in the further work.
Conduction in Polyaniline-Emeraldine Salt/Bentonite Composites Using Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Meneses Xrijslove B. , Rillera Audrey S. , Dahonog Luigi A. , Tapia Alvin Karlo Garcia
Published: August 2018

In this study, different mass concentrations of Polyaniline-emeraldine salt (PAni-ES) was mixed with bentonite clay. XRD analysis showed the incorporation of PAni-ES in bentonite. The AC conductivity was calculated from Impedance measurements. The conductivities increased with increasing concentration of PAni-ES. The AC conductivities follow a transition from frequency-independent to frequency-dependent at a critical frequency, ωc. Above ωc, the conductivity follows a universal power law behavior as described for disordered materials. Using jump relaxation model, the conductivity is governed by translational ion hopping in the low-frequency region, and well-localized ion hopping in the high-frequency region.
What do speaker judgments tell us about theories of quantifier scope in German?
Authors: Radó Janina , Bott Oliver
Published: August 2018

In this paper we use German data to evaluate configurational and multi-factor approaches to quantifier scope. Configurational theories derive scope relations syntactically at the level of Logical Form; semantic and pragmatic factors are either built into the syntactic representation or ignored, at least during the first derivational step. By contrast, multi-factor approaches consider syntactic, semantic and pragmatic properties of quantifiers as multiple constraints affecting quantifier scope. We examined predictions for quantifier scope in German of the configurational theory by Frey (1993) and of the multi-factor account by Pafel (2005). These fundamentally different approaches were tested in a series of picture verification experiments to assess scope preferences in doubly quantified German sentences. The results show that at least three factors affect the preferred scope. Our findings are neither fully consistent with Frey’s configurational theory nor with Pafel’s multi-factor approach; both theories made incorrect predictions for German doubly quantified sentences with a subject-before-object word order. For object-before-subject sentences, however, the experimental data by and large support the predictions of Pafel’s (2005) multi-factor approach.
Real Option Valuation in a Gollier/Weitzman World: The Effect of Long-Run Discount Rate Uncertainty
Authors: Tandja M. Djerry C. , Power Gabriel J. , Bastien Josée
Published: August 2018

Large-scale investment projects face significant long-run uncertainty in interest rates. However, little is known about the effect of long-term discount rate uncertainty on capital investment real option values. This paper bridges the long-run discount rate uncertainty literature developed in climate change economics with the financial literature on interest rate models and real options. First, we derive an Ingersoll-Ross real option model under the assumption of a declining discount rate model (DDR) following Gollier and Weitzman, and show how optimal investment timing is affected. Second, we study the problem of an open oil field with an abandonment option. We find that, compared with DDR, standard models using constant or mean-reverting interest rates undervalue projects and their real options to wait or to abandon. Indeed, results under DDR are more consistent with recent evidence on corporate decision-making under incomplete preferences or ambiguity. The results have implictions for both energy investment under uncertainty and climate finance.
A New Game Theoretical Approach for Modeling Export Energy Markets Equilibria
Authors: Abada Ibrahim , Ehrenmann Andreas
Published: August 2018

For resource-based economies, regulating exports is crucial. Nevertheless, we observe different countries deploying different export policies. We explain this difference via strategic interactions by giving two competing countries the possibility to design their export markets and select the level of competition they exert.In a first step, we test standard models and find that they fail to explain the multitude of observed behaviors: under the closed loop Nash equilibrium paradigm, the equilibrium is reached when countries completely open their export market.The Stackelberg game on the other hand concentrates the market in a plausible way but is not symmetric since it appoints a leader and follower. In a second step, we let countries choose between being strategic or passive in their interaction and demonstrate that the competitive outcome that we find in the closed loop Nash game rarely occurs. Only this last setup complies with the commonly observed situations.
Impact of High-Powered Incentive Regulations on Efficiency and Productivity Growth of Norwegian Electricity Utilities
Authors: Senyonga Livingstone , Bergland Olvar
Published: August 2018

This study examines the hypothesis that changes to high-powered incentive regulations have a positive efficiency and productivity growth effects in a regulated electricity distribution industry. We estimate an input distance function using the stochastic frontier analysis method to compute technical efficiency scores for 121 Norwegian utilities over the period 2004-2012. We explore sources of productivity growth by parametrically decomposing the Malmquist productivity index into efficiency change, technical change, and scale change. Unlike previous studies, we examine the difference in performance across two regulatory regimes: yardstick competition (2007-2012) and RPI-X incentive regulation (2004-2006). Results show significant efficiency and productivity growth improvements with embodied technical change as the main driver.
Costs and determinants of XBRL implementation as a standard for financial reporting on capital markets
Authors: Klimczak Katarzyna
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this article is to identify the costs and determinants of implementing XBRL as a standard for financial reporting on capital markets. The results of empirical research as well as statements, reports, consultation papers of supervisors of selected capital markets regarding XBRL were reviewed and the content of the collected sources was analyzed. The use of the XBRL standard as a tool supporting finan-
cial reporting can potentially bring a number of benefits, such as speeding up the reporting process and improving the flow of information, increasing the reliability and quality of data transferred, making data analysis easier, faster, more flexible, comprehensive and accurate, and increasing the comparability of financial statements. Implementation of the standard is also associated with specific costs that must be incurred by participants of information exchange. As the analyses and research show, the scale of poten-
tial benefits, as well as costs related to the use of XBRL may depend on such factors as the size of the enterprise, the industry in which the enterprise operates, the standard implementation mode, rules for implementation and application of the standard provided by capital market supervisors, the XBRL imple-mentation scenario adopted by the enterprise, the level of development of technological infrastructure, and the education and training base.
The subject of behavioural accounting research
Authors: Korzeniowska Dominika
Published: August 2018

The aim of the paper is to present the subject of behavioural accounting research based on the definitions and typologies of its research areas that can be found in literature. The method of analysis of literature available on the Internet was used. Databases of scientific publications were searched using combinations of relevant keywords. Definitions were found in 2 books and 7 articles (including 2 in Polish), and for the purpose of presentation of the research areas 11 articles written in English were selected. Analysis of the definitions shows that they are very general, ambiguous and preliminary in nature. As for the attempts to systematise the work in the field of behavioural accounting, the classification of its research areas has not yet been established – we only have typologies that do not always fully reflect the specifics and the wide scope of this sub-discipline. The main value of the paper is in collecting and summing up the publications addressing the subject of behavioural accounting, which is a step in the process of systematizing its cur-
rent research achievements and development of its identity.
Danser sur la corde, entre le rire et l’inéluctable. Réflexions sur la fonction du personnage clownesque en soins palliatifs
Authors: Vinit Florence , Mortamet Guillaume
Published: August 2018

« La contradiction lourd-léger est la plus mystérieuse et la plus ambiguë de toutes les contradictions » écrivait Milan Kundera dans L’insoutenable légèreté de l’être (p. 13-14). Le personnage clownesque porte en lui cette tension en étant capable d’exagérer, de souligner un trait, de caricaturer pour amener le rire, mais également de garder une forme de légèreté le préservant de tomber du côté du déplacé, de l’inconvenant ou même du tragique. Le clown est ainsi un être de frontière, marchant tel un funambule entre le rire et les larmes. Depuis vingt ans, on le voit arriver dans des établissements de santé, en pédiatrie mais aussi en soins intensifs, urgences et maisons de soins palliatifs. Ce texte cherchera à comprendre la façon dont l’humour clownesque côtoie la mort et investit des lieux où la souffrance et la fin de vie sont des enjeux indépassables : comment interviennent les artistes au nez rouge dans ces endroits? De quoi sont-ils porteurs? Croisant réflexions sur l’humour et témoignages issus d’observation participante, cet article fait de la figure clownesque une posture incarnée du geste de réduction phénoménologique, à savoir la capacité de renouveler le regard sur le monde en suspendant les savoirs acquis.
Práxis místico-ética em Simone Weil: a compaixão pelo outro sentida à flor da pele
Authors: Serrato Andreia Cristina , Souza Waldir
Published: August 2018

A jovem francesa Simone Weil foi filósofa, professora, militante e viveu em uma época histórica de muitos desafios: um período entre guerras, entre a Primeira e a Segunda Guerras Mundiais. Intelectual e totalmente solidária ao povo marginalizado, sentia-se responsável pelo outro, o que a fazia sair ao encontro daquele que necessitava de apoio e acolhida. Uma existência marcada pela filosofia da ação. Nosso objetivo encontra-se em apresentar, na rápida existência de Simone Weil, uma unidade entre práxis, ética e mística. Aquilo que pensou e refletiu eticamente em favor dos marginalizados tornou-se ação, ou seja, concretizou em sua existência. Utilizaremos a expressão práxis místico-ética para demonstrar como em sua existência deixou-se afectar totalmente pelo outro marginalizado. Para tal objetivo, apresentaremos o que se entende pelos termos práxis, mística e ética a partir do pensamento da autora e confrontaremos com sua existência marcada pela práxis místico-ética. Verificaremos assim uma existência marcada pela unidade práxis místico-ética, que a conduz a uma resposta ética na configuração ao corpo de Cristo. Percebemos que através de sua experiência mística e uma vida dedicada ao outro, ela pode nos inspirar para configurar-nos ao Cristo.
Swimmers Are At Risk For Stress Fractures? A Systematic Review
Authors: Vasiliadis Angelo V. , Lampridis Vasileios , Georgiannos Dimitrios , Bisbinas Ilias
Published: August 2018

Background: Stress fractures occur most commonly in the weight-bearing bones of the lower extremities. Swimming, a non-weight-bearing activity, is a potential activity form which associated with stress fractures? Objective: This systematic review aims to provide an answer in the above question and also to identify the reported cases of stress fractures among swimmers. Method: A systematic and comprehensive search was conducted using PubMed and Research Gate databases before January 2017. The search process was completed using the keywords: “stress fracture”, “stress injury”, “fatigue fracture”, “swimming” and “swimmers”. Results: There have been only 10 studies describing stress fractures in swimmers. This rare type of injury is commonly diagnosed in the ribs of young competitive swimmers, irrespective of their preferred swimming stroke. The etiology is multifactorial and includes a combination of intrinsic and/or extrinsic factors. Conclusion: Although any sport activity can potential cause a stress fracture, competitive swimming seems to be relatively safe in this respect. Rib stress fractures appear as the most common stress fracture in competitive swimmers that clinicians should consider. A prompt diagnosis can shorten the time required for healing and decrease the risk of complication.
Self‐healing behaviors of sulfobetaine polyacrylamide/chromium gel decided by viscosity and chemical compositions
Authors: Shi Weiguang , Lu Xiaoyi , Qing Hongxia , Liu Xiangbin , Zhou Wanfu , Wang Xin , Wang Xiaofeng , Li Benxian , Liu Xiaoyang , Wang Jun
Published: August 2018

The self‐healing behaviors of sulfobetaine amphoteric polyacrylamide/chromium (SPAM/Cr) gel are investigated. The role of chemical composition, including different types of polyacrylamide, acid, and sodium sulfate, in the gel synthesis process as well as the gel's self‐healing ability are studied and compared. It is found that the chemical structure with electrostatic discharge repulsion and hydrophobic interaction of amphoteric polyacrylamide play the key roles in the gelation and self‐healing processes. Furthermore, lactic acid cannot only adjust the pH value of the system, but also help to form organic chromium, which can coordinate with the COO group to form the crosslinked gel. The concentration of sodium sulfate can affect self‐healing behaviors via electric charge as well. A best concentration range of 220–1600 mg/L is found to provide the maximum self‐healing ability in the SPAM/Cr gel at 45 °C for 72 h. The oil field experimental results for the S5‐10‐P50 well group show that the viscosity recovery rate of the SPAM/Cr gel is greater than 66% after 60 days, and the average starting pressure increases about 1–3 MPa after profile control. The results demonstrate that self‐healing SPAM/Cr gel is a type of high‐efficiency gel that can be used for depth water plugging and profile control in oil fields. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 46991.
Cobalt(II)‐Catalyzed Bis‐isocyanides Insertion Reactions with Boric Acids and Sulfonyl Azides via Nitrene Radical Coupling
Authors: Gu Zheng‐Yang , Zhang Rong , Wang Shun‐Yi , Ji Shun‐Jun
Published: August 2018

A Co(II)‐catalyzed effective synthesis of amidinium imine derivatives from the reaction of isocyanides and boric acids using organic azides as nitrene source has been developed. This protocol provides a new, environment‐friendly and simple strategy to construct amidinium imine derivatives with a range of substrates without any oxidants and additives.
Intravenous regadenoson with aminophylline reversal is safe and equivalent to intravenous adenosine infusion for fractional flow reserve measurements
Authors: Edward Justin A. , Lee John H. , White Christopher J. , Morin Daniel P. , Bober Robert
Published: August 2018

Background

Small studies have shown that adenosine is equivalent to regadenoson when obtaining coronary fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurements. A study that also evaluates time and safety of aminophylline reversal of regadenoson effects has not been presented.

Hypothesis

Reversal of regadenoson with aminophylline is safe and equivalent to adenosine for FFR measurements.

Methods

Forty‐six consecutive patients who underwent clinically indicated FFRs at the time of coronary angiography were enrolled between 4/2012 and 5/2014. Each patient had FFR measured using adenosine 140 mcg/kg/min IV, and following return to baseline, FFR was measured using regadenoson 400 mcg IV, which then was reversed with aminophylline 150 mg IV. Time to baseline hemodynamics was measured. Agreement between the two assessments was compared using linear regression.

Results

FFR results were similar with both agents (R2 = 0.935, P < 0.0001). Also, using the 0.80 cutoff for significantly depressed FFR, there was no divergence regarding studies' significance. After aminophylline reversal of regadenoson, hemodynamics returned to baseline in 111 ± 71 seconds. There were no unexpected side effects or complications.

Conclusions

For FFR measurement, regadenoson and adenosine are equivalent hyperemic agents. Regadenoson with aminophylline reversal may be considered as an alternative to adenosine for FFR measurements.
Design and rationale of the atrial fibrillation occurring transiently with stress (AFOTS) follow‐up cohort study
Authors: McIntyre William F. , Mendoza Pablo A. , Belley‐Côté Emilie P. , Whitlock Richard P. , Um Kevin J. , Maystrenko Natalie , Devereaux P.J. , Conen David , Wong Jorge A. , Connolly Stuart J. , Healey Jeff S.
Published: August 2018

Atrial fibrillation occurring transiently with stress (AFOTS) describes the first detection of AF in a patient who is hospitalized for a non‐cardiac medical illness or following non‐cardiac surgery. Uncertainty exists whether episodes of AFOTS are due to reversible precipitants and will not recur after recovery, or if they are paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) that is detected during inpatient cardiac monitoring. Previous studies have used retrospective, non‐systematic and ultimately low‐sensitivity protocols to investigate the recurrence of AF in patients with AFOTS. The prospective, multi‐center, investigator‐initiated AFOTS Follow‐Up Cohort Study will enroll 138 case patients with AFOTS in the setting of non‐cardiac surgery or medical illness, matched 1:1 with control patients for age, sex, stressor, and hospital unit. Participants will wear a 14‐day ECG heart monitor at 1 and 6 months after hospital discharge. Over 12 months of follow‐up, we will collect data regarding participant's medications, and clinical events. The primary endpoint is detection of 30 or more seconds of AF after hospital discharge. To date, 50% of the target sample has been enrolled. The study is expected to complete enrolment in mid‐2019 and conclude 1 year later. The AFOTS follow‐up study will employ a systematic protocol to detect AF and will provide a precise and valid estimate of AF recurrence following AFOTS. This study will establish whether patients with AFOTS have an increased propensity to AF after hospitalization as compared to matched controls and may inform the management of this population.
The emerging role of novel antihyperglycemic agents in the treatment of heart failure and diabetes: A focus on cardiorenal outcomes
Authors: McHugh Kelly R. , DeVore Adam D. , Mentz Robert J. , Edmonston Daniel , Green Jennifer B. , Hernandez Adrian F.
Published: August 2018

Heart failure (HF) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are two global pandemics, affecting over 25 and 420 million people, respectively. The prevalence of comorbid HF and T2DM is rising, and the prognosis remains poor. One central area of overlap of these two disease processes is renal dysfunction, which contributes to poor cardiovascular outcomes and mortality. As such, there is a growing need for antihyperglycemic agents with cardio‐ and renoprotective effects. Three classes of novel antihyperglycemic agents, sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RA), and dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP4) inhibitors have demonstrated varied cardiorenal outcomes in recent cardiovascular outcomes trials. Understanding the differential effects of these agents, together with their proposed mechanisms, is crucial for the development of safe and effective treatment regimens and future pharmacologic targets for HF and T2DM. In this review, we discuss the overlapping pathophysiology of HF and T2DM, summarize outcomes data for the novel antihyperglycemic agents and proposed mechanisms of action, and review how the current evidence informs future management of comorbid HF and T2DM.
Changes in mineral nutrient concentrations and C‐N metabolism in cabbage shoots and roots following macronutrient deficiency
Authors: Sung Jwakyung , Yun Hyejin , Back Seunga , Fernie Alisdair R. , Kim Yangmin X. , Lee Yejin , Lee Seulbi , Lee Deogbae , Kim Jaekwang
Published: August 2018

The responses of metabolic networks to mineral deficiency are poorly understood. Here, we conducted a detailed, broad‐scale analysis of macronutrient concentrations and metabolic changes in the shoots and roots of cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) plants in response to N, P, K, Ca, and Mg deficiency in nutrient solution. To standardize individual macronutrient‐deficient treatments, the concentrations of the other nutrients were maintained via substitution with other ions. Individual nutrient deficiencies had various effects on the uptake and accumulation of other mineral nutrients. Phosphorus deficiency had relatively little effect on other mineral nutrient levels compared to the other treatments. Cation deficiency had little effect on N and P concentrations but had a somewhat negative effect on the uptake or concentrations of the other nutrients. Primary metabolic pathways, such as energy production and amino acid metabolism, were greatly affected by mineral nutrient deficiency. Compared to the control treatment, soluble sugar levels increased under –N conditions and decreased under –Ca and –Mg conditions. The levels of several organic acids involved in glycolysis and the TCA cycle decreased in response to –N, –P, or –K treatment. The levels of most amino acids decreased under ‐ N treatment but increased under –P, –K, –Ca, or –Mg treatment. Mineral depletion also led to the activation of alternative biochemical pathways resulting in the production of secondary metabolites such as quinate. Notable changes in metabolic pathways under macronutrient deficiency included (1) a quantitative increase in amino acid levels in response to Mg deficiency, likely because the restriction of various pathways led to an increase in protein production and (2) a marked increase in the levels of quinate, a precursor of the shikimate pathway, following cation (K, Ca, and Mg) deficiency. These findings provide new insights into metabolic changes in cabbage in response to mineral deficiency and pave the way for studying the effects of the simultaneous deficiency of more than one macronutrient on this crop.
Early career experiences of navigating journal article publication: Lessons learned using an autoethnographic approach
Authors: Merga Margaret K. , Mason Shannon , Morris Julia
Published: August 2018

The successful publication of peer reviewed academic journal articles is an essential achievement for early career researchers (ECRs) seeking to establish themselves in their profession. However, this journey can pose several significant challenges for ECRs. We use an autoethnographic approach that draws deeply on our lived experience as ECRs to capture our recent and current experiences of negotiating the academic journal article publication journey to explore the tensions, contradictions, and benefits encountered in the journey. We critically examine challenges we experienced in choosing a target journal and negotiating the follow‐up process; undertaking revisions; and our experiences of limitations and possibilities in peer review and editorial support. While the peer review journal writing process has played a significant role in supporting us to become more effective ECRs, we also highlight challenges we faced negotiating ethical quandaries in this space, as well as illustrate how our preconceptions of a simple publication journey were confounded by subsequent experience of the complex realities of the space. We also suggest that educational interventions are indicated to provide ECRs support in foundational knowledge about what constitutes valuable revisions, an effective paper, and the scope of issues that can be addressed to make a paper more effective, with reference to the possibility of academic mentoring to support this need. Finally, we explore our findings in light of the tensions imposed by the relative inexperience and lack of power yielded by ECRs.
Familial macrothrombocytopenia due to a double mutation in cis in the alpha‐actinin 1 gene (ACTN1), previously considered to be chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Kanhai Danny , Mulder René , Ploos van Amstel Hans Kristian , Schutgens Roger , Lukens Michael , Tamminga Rienk Y.J.
Published: August 2018

Congenital thrombocytopenia can easily be misdiagnosed as immune thrombocytopenic purpura, as is illustrated by this case of a woman and her two children. Doubts arose when steroid/IVIG therapy failed in the mother and the thrombocytopenia in the children persisted. By means of next‐generation sequencing, two missense variants in cis in the ACTN1 gene of the affected family members were identified, both of unknown significance. We conclude, after further analysis of these mutations with, among others, in silico prediction tools, that the thrombocytopenia has a genetic cause, in particular the ACTN1 mutations, and is not immune mediated.
A systematic review on workplace interventions to manage chronic musculoskeletal conditions
Authors: Skamagki Glykeria , King Andrew , Duncan Michael , Wåhlin Charlotte
Published: August 2018

Background and purpose

A review to investigate whether there are effective workplace interventions that manage chronic musculoskeletal disorders.

Methods

The literature search included published articles between 2008 and 2017. The databases used in this search were MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, AMED, PsycINFO, Academic Search Complete, Cochrane, and PEDro. A limited search on websites for relevant grey literature was also conducted.

Results

The review included 12 studies that investigated effectiveness of a specific strength exercise programme or interventions provided by health professionals at the workplace when compared with controls or interventions not at the workplace. Seven studies were classified as high quality (>85% of criteria met) and five studies were classified as acceptable. Studies were heterogeneous preventing a meta‐analysis. No intervention was clearly superior to another.

Discussion

There was some consistency in the results of the selected studies, suggesting that workplace interventions such as high‐intensity strength exercises and/or integrated health care can decrease pain and symptoms for employees who experience long‐term musculoskeletal disorders. However, the current research is limited.
Visualizing fungicide action: anin vivotool for rapid validation of fungicides with target location HOG pathway
Authors: Bohnert Stefan , Neumann Hendrik , Thines Eckhard , Jacob Stefan
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND

The mitogen‐activated protein kinase MoHog1p was fused with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the filamentous fungusMagnaporthe oryzae. TheMoHOG1::GFPmutant was found to be an excellent tool visualizingin vivofungicide‐dependent translocation of MoHog1p into the nucleus. Validation of pathway specificity was achieved by generating fluorescence‐labelled MoHog1p in theΔMohik1‘loss of function’ mutant strain.

RESULTS

GFP‐labelled MoHog1p expressed in the wildtype and inΔMohik1demonstrates that fludioxonil is acting on the HOG pathway and even more precisely that fungicide action is dependent on the group III histidine kinase MoHik1p. GFP‐tagged MoHog1p translocated into the nucleus upon fungicide treatment in theMoHOG1::GFPmutant within seconds, but did not do so in theΔMohik1/HOG1::GFPmutant.

CONCLUSION

Here, we developed a rapidin vivotool for fluorescent‐based validation of fungicides targeting the HOG‐signaling pathway. Furthermore, using the fluorescent mutants generated in this study, we are able to visualize that fungicide action is dependent on the histidine kinase MoHik1p but operates in a different mechanism of pathway activation compared to osmotic stress. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry