bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visual Search for People Among People
Authors: Papeo Liuba , Goupil Nicolas , Soto-Faraco Salvador
Published: September 2019

Humans can effectively search visual scenes by spatial location, visual feature, or whole object. Here, we showed that visual search can also benefit from fast appraisal of relations between individuals in human groups. Healthy adults searched for a facing (seemingly interacting) body dyad among nonfacing dyads or a nonfacing dyad among facing dyads. We varied the task parameters to emphasize processing of targets or distractors. Facing-dyad targets were more likely to recruit attention than nonfacing-dyad targets (Experiments 1, 2, and 4). Facing-dyad distractors were checked and rejected more efficiently than nonfacing-dyad distractors (Experiment 3). Moreover, search for an individual body was more difficult when it was embedded in a facing dyad than in a nonfacing dyad (Experiment 5). We propose that fast grouping of interacting bodies in one attentional unit is the mechanism that accounts for efficient processing of dyads within human groups and for the inefficient access to individual parts within a dyad.
Dust-drought interactions over the last 15,000 years: A network of lake sediment records from the San Juan Mountains, Colorado
Authors: Arcusa Stephanie H , McKay Nicholas P , Routson Cody C , Munoz Samuel E
Published: September 2019

Millions of people in the arid Southwest United States rely on snow-fed Colorado River water. Dust deposition on snow accelerates snowmelt, posing a challenge for water managers who also need to grapple with increased likelihood of drought due to climate change. Dust production is thought to increase during drought, but the impact of drought on dust deposition is unclear. To answer this question, total dust mass accumulation rate (DMAR) reconstructions were developed from sediment cores from three lakes in the San Juan Mountains, Colorado, spanning the last ~15,000 years. Monte-Carlo end-member analysis of particle size and elemental composition, which incorporates measurement and model uncertainties, was combined with age uncertainty to estimate DMAR for each lake. We also synthesize the records providing the first Holocene DMAR reconstruction for the region. The records show little relation between periods of frequent and severe drought (e.g. during medieval megadroughts) and periods of higher DMAR, although there is considerable uncertainty at short timescales. We find instead that sediment availability, modulated by natural or human-mediated geomorphic processes that generate sediment, and transport mechanisms are the key drivers. DMAR was highest during the Late Glacial-Interglacial Transition (LGIT, 15–11 kyr BP) and in the last 250 years, periods when sediment availability was enhanced. DMAR increased by 60% (16–85% 75% highest density region range) compared with the late-Holocene baseline starting in the 1770s and peaking in the 1840s, associated with the intensification of human activities. Human-induced dustiness also represents the highest interval of dust deposition in the last 11,000 years. Our results demonstrate that although the Colorado Plateau is naturally prone to dustiness, drought is a secondary driver of dust accumulation in the mountains. This suggests that land-use management decisions aimed at reducing land disturbance can mitigate future dust accumulation, despite projected increases in regional aridity.
Holocene atmospheric dust deposition in NW Spain
Authors: Martínez Cortizas Antonio , López-Costas Olalla , Orme Lisa , Mighall Tim , Kylander Malin E , Bindler Richard , Gallego Sala Ángela
Published: September 2019

Atmospheric dust plays an important role in terrestrial and marine ecosystems, particularly those that are nutrient limited. Despite that most dust originates from arid and semi-arid regions, recent research has shown that past dust events may have been involved in boosting productivity in nutrient-poor peatlands. We investigated dust deposition in a mid-latitude, raised bog, which is surrounded by a complex geology (paragneiss/schist, granite, quartzite and granodiorite). As proxies for dust fluxes, we used accumulation rates of trace (Ti, Zr, Rb, Sr and Y) as well as major (K and Ca) lithogenic elements. The oldest, largest dust deposition event occurred between ~8.6 and ~7.4 ka BP, peaking at ~8.1 ka BP (most probably the 8.2 ka BP event). The event had a large impact on the evolution of the mire, which subsequently transitioned from a fen into a raised bog in ~1500 years. From ~6.7 to ~4.0 ka BP, fluxes were very low, coeval with mid-Holocene forest stability and maximum extent. In the late Holocene, after ~4.0 ka BP, dust events became more prevalent with relatively major deposition at ~3.2–2.5, ~1.4 ka BP and ~0.35–0.05 ka BP, and minor peaks at ~4.0–3.7, ~1.7, ~1.10–0.95 ka BP and ~0.74–0.58 ka BP. Strontium fluxes display a similar pattern between ~11 and ~6.7 ka BP but then became decoupled from the other elements from the mid Holocene onwards. This seems to be a specific signal of the granodiorite batholith, which has an Sr anomaly. The reconstructed variations in dust fluxes bear a strong climatic imprint, probably related to storminess controlled by North Atlantic Oscillation conditions. Complex interactions also arise because of increased pressure from human activities.
Atmospheric dust dynamics in southern South America: A 14-year modern dust record in the loessic Pampean region
Authors: Cosentino Nicolás J , Gaiero Diego M , Torre Gabriela , Pasquini Andrea I , Coppo Renata , Arce Juan M , Vélez Georgina
Published: September 2019

Mineral aerosols profoundly impact global climate. Modeling of the dust cycle is the main tool used to gauge this effect. However, the scarcity of in situ modern dust flux measurements is the main reason why validation of existing models is hampered. We present the first long-term (14-year) record of dust flux in the Pampas, southern South America, home to the largest loess deposit in the Southern Hemisphere. Measured 14-year mean deposition (40 g m−2 year−1) and horizontal (362 g m−2 year−1) fluxes imply that current models underestimate the power of the central Pampas as a dust sink. Based on cross-spectral analysis, both wet and, to a lesser extent, dry deposition are found to play significant roles in atmospheric dust extraction. Dust is sourced regionally from the South American Arid Diagonal and from the shores of Mar Chiquita lake (~260 km), which we find to be the main contributor of dust particles >30 µm. Cross-spectral and satellite image analyses show that surface wind speed and precipitation at the Puna-Altiplano Plateau are controlling factors for horizontal dust flux in the Pampas. El Niño Southern Oscillation probably plays a role in controlling interannual horizontal dust flux periodicities. Finally, preliminary comparisons between modern vertical dust fluxes and loess accumulation rates point to the Pampas as a more powerful dust sink during the last deglaciation and Antarctic Cold Reversal (18–12.5 ka).
Late-Holocene coastal depositional environments and climate changes in the Gulf of Corinth, Greece
Authors: Emmanouilidis Alexandros , Unkel Ingmar , Triantaphyllou Maria , Avramidis Pavlos
Published: September 2019

Multidisciplinary studies in coastal systems of the eastern Mediterranean region have proven to be excellent tools in understanding paleoenvironmental, paleoecological, and paleoclimatic changes that took place during the Holocene period, and how these changes interacted with urban development and growth. This paper presents sedimentological, high-resolution x-ray fluorescence (XRF scanning), micropaleontological, and x-ray diffraction (XRD) data from three shallow sediment cores that were retrieved from Aliki (ancient Siphai or Tipha) salt pond. The study area is located in a unique, highly tectonic geographical region, at the northeast part of the Gulf of Corinth in Greece. Beachrock deposits that form a barrier between the salt pond and the marine environment seem to play an important role in the evolution of the area. The chronological framework was set at around 3100 cal. BP by four 14C radiocarbon dates, and the evolutionary model that was established indicates four different changes taking place during this period at the study area. From around 3100 to 1600 cal. BP, a transition from a closed to an open lagoonal environment was identified, interrupted by a fluvial terrestrial deposit at around 2500 cal. BP. A shift toward a closed lagoonal system at around 1600 cal. BP and the establishment of a salt pond environment seem to correlate with tectonic activity. The study provides important information about the evolution of coastal landscape in such a tectonic active region and points the interaction between regional human activity and climatic changes during the late-Holocene period.
Gay and Lesbian Collaborative Co-Parenting in New Zealand and the United Kingdom: ‘The Law Doesn’t Protect the Third Parent’
Authors: Surtees Nicola , Bremner Philip
Published: September 2019

In many jurisdictions, legislation reflects, retains and reiterates heteronormative two-parent models of family. Lesbian and gay individuals and an increasing number of heterosexual individuals who choose to parent outside the paradigm of the conjugal couple relationship find neither their interests nor the welfare of their children is sufficiently protected in law. This article is based on the findings of two empirical research projects investigating the procreative autonomy of lesbians and gay men in New Zealand and the United Kingdom. It focuses on collaborative co-parenting families formed by lesbian couples and gay men, with reference to the allocation of legal parenthood in these kinds of families and case law across both jurisdictions. Two such families are introduced. Attention is drawn to the ways the law hampers these families’ preferred parenting arrangements. The article highlights the need for legislative change. It concludes that a more flexible, inclusive concept of legal parenthood that honours the intentions of those involved in these arrangements would potentially benefit all people interested in non-traditional parenting.
Blend of recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) and polycarbonate with polyaniline for antistatic packaging
Authors: da Silva Ana Maria G , Barcelos Karina de Almeida , da Silva Mercês Coelho , Morelli Carolina Lipparelli
Published: September 2019

Antistatic packagings are very important for proper transportation and storage of electronic components since these components can be damaged with electric overloads generated through rubbing. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop an innovative material for antistatic packaging with a sustainable character. For this, a blend of recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), polycarbonate (PC), and polyaniline (PAni) was prepared by melt extrusion. Samples have a final content of 68 wt% of PET, 29 wt% of PC, and 3 wt% of PAni doped with cobalt (PAni-Co). The properties were determined by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, tensile testing, electrical resistivity analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. To the best of our knowledge, no previous work studied the incorporation of PAni-Co in PET/PC blend.
Indigenous mental health: the limits of medicalised solutions
Authors: Hunter Ernest
Published: September 2019

Objective:

The excess burden of mental disorders experienced by Indigenous Australians is complexly overdetermined. Social and political factors contributing to the intransigence of vulnerability are reviewed, and the wider arena of neoliberal political change considered.

Conclusions:

The dynamic relationship between disadvantage and mental health vulnerability requires that practitioners should be attuned to both the ‘big picture’ and ‘modest and practical ways’ to contribute to reducing the developmental embedding of social disadvantage and transgenerational vulnerability.
Dynamic simulation of a full vehicle system featuring magnetorheological dampers with bypass holes
Authors: Oh Jong-Seok , Kim Key-Sun , Lee Yang-Sup , Choi Seung-Bok
Published: September 2019

This study suggests a relationship between two different types of magnetorheological dampers and the driving performance of the passenger vehicles such as ride quality and stability. One of the magnetorheological dampers has the two different bypass holes in the piston bobbin to achieve a relatively low damping force slope in the low piston velocity region. Without bypass holes, two cylindrical-type magnetorheological dampers have same dimensions (pole lengths, piston radius, and coil size). To enhance the ride quality of the passenger vehicle, the damping force slope of the magnetorheological damper with bypass holes is more gradual than that of the magnetorheological damper without bypass holes. On the basis of the damping force model, three vehicle types with two working modes (soft and hard) are formulated. Driving performance indexes, such as vertical acceleration of the sprung mass and tire deflection, are evaluated in frequency domains under two random road conditions. A comparative study is conducted to prove the effectiveness of the magnetorheological damper with bypass holes through simulation.
Are We Maximizing the Role of Caregivers’ Support Networks in Early Intervention?
Authors: Edwards Nicole Megan
Published: September 2019

Part C Early Intervention is intended to build capacity among caregivers of infants and toddlers with special needs to use tailored strategies in natural environments. Satisfaction and perceived strategy use, however, remain unclear. In a Northeastern home-based program, caregivers ( n = 195; 33% response) and providers ( n = 66; 33% response) answered questions on strategy use, whether others are asked to use strategies, and perceived compliance. A subset of providers participated in a focus group. Most providers were “somewhat confident” caregivers use recommended strategies. Half of providers consistently encouraged caregivers to ask others to use strategies, with this linked to familiarity with ecological systems theory. Despite 86.2% of caregivers asking one or more person to use strategies, there was little confidence in compliance. Findings and implications are discussed, including revisiting coaching practices, exploring variability in support networks, and promoting strategy use across key partners.
Comparison of Positive Screening for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Patients With and Without Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Gorucu-Coskuner Hande , Saglam-Aydinatay Banu , Aksu Muge , Ozgur Fatma Figen , Taner Tulin
Published: September 2019

Objective:

To compare the prevalence of increased risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children with and without cleft lip and/or palate using a previously validated questionnaire and to examine the clinical and demographic variables that may lead to increased OSA risk.

Design:

Prospective, cross-sectional study.

Participants:

One hundred fifty-five cleft lip palate and 155 noncleft children between 2 and 18 years old.

Interventions:

The Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ): Sleep Related Breathing Disorder Scale was used for screening of increased OSA risk. Age, body mass index (BMI), gender, breast-feeding, and bottle-feeding durations were recorded for all patients. Cleft type, lip and palate operation times, nasoalveolar molding, or nutrition plaque usage was documented for the cleft lip palate group. Pearson χ2 or Fisher exact test was used for the evaluation of the qualitative variables and independent samples t test or Mann Whitney U test for quantitative variables. P < .05 was accepted as statistically significant.

Results:

The mean ages were 7.52 ± 3.91 and 7.50 ± 3.89 years for cleft lip palate and control groups, respectively. No significant differences were observed between the groups for age, gender, or BMI. Breast-feeding duration was significantly higher, and bottle-feeding duration was lower in the control group ( P < .05). Mean PSQ score was significantly higher in cleft lip palate group (0.18 ± 0.12) than in control group (0.13 ± 0.1, P < .001); and prevalence of increased OSA risk was significantly higher in patients with both cleft lip and palate ( P = .020).

Conclusions:

Positive OSA screening ratio of children with cleft lip and palate (12.2%) was significantly higher than the controls (4.5%).
Lack of Associations Between PAI-1 and FXIII Polymorphisms and Arterial Ischemic Stroke in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sarecka-Hujar Beata , Kopyta Ilona , Skrzypek Michał
Published: September 2019

The role of genetic risk factors for ischemic stroke seems to be in particular significance in pediatric patients. Numerous polymorphic variants of genes encoding proteins, that is, plasminogen activator inhibitor as well as coagulation factors, involved in the coagulation cascade may be related to arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) both in adults and children. We performed systematic review and 2 meta-analyses to assess possible correlations between common plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI-1) and FXIII polymorphisms and ischemic stroke in children. We searched PubMed to identify available data published before October 2018 using appropriate keywords and inclusion criteria. Finally, 12 case–control studies were included: 8 analyzing PAI-1 polymorphism (600 children with stroke and 2152 controls) and 4— FXIII polymorphism (358 children with stroke and 451 controls). R and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software were used to analyze the impact of the particular polymorphism in the following models: dominant, recessive, additive, and allelic. No publication bias was observed in both meta-analyses. In case of PAI-1 polymorphism, we observed no relation between 4G4G genotype of 4G allele and ischemic stroke in children. We also demonstrated lack of association between FXIII polymorphism and childhood ischemic stroke. In children with AIS, the PAI-1 and FXIII polymorphisms are not risk factors for the disease.
Evaluation of Antifactor-Xa Heparin Assay and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time Values in Patients on Therapeutic Continuous Infusion Unfractionated Heparin Therapy
Authors: McLaughlin Kevin , Rimsans Jessica , Sylvester Katelyn W. , Fanikos John , Dorfman David M. , Senna Patricia , Connors Jean M. , Goldhaber Samuel Z.
Published: September 2019

Clinical uncertainty exists regarding which assay should be designated as the standard monitoring coagulation test for intravenous unfractionated heparin (UFH). Several studies have compared the use of activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and antifactor-Xa (anti-Xa) and have come out with varying results. The correlation between these 2 tests varied, markedly from strong to weak. Some have demonstrated that monitoring with anti-Xa heparin assay leads to fewer dose adjustments, resulting in fewer laboratory tests, while others have not. In the current study, we evaluated the correlation between aPTT and anti-Xa values to guide clinical management of UFH, with the intention to develop a new correlation nomogram.
Advancing Theory, Methods, and Dissemination in Sexual Violence Research to Build a More Equitable Future: An Intersectional, Community-Engaged Approach
Authors: McCauley Heather L. , Campbell Rebecca , Buchanan NiCole T. , Moylan Carrie A.
Published: September 2019

Sexual violence is a devastating trauma with long-lasting effects on survivors’ health and well-being. Despite the substantial impacts of the last 25 years of research, the prevalence of sexual violence has remained stable. It will be necessary to reconceptualize our work, challenging our theories, methods, and strategies for dissemination and implementation moving forward. We outline an intersectional, community-engaged approach for sexual violence research to center the stories of survivors who face systemic oppression and inequity. Finally, we suggest applications of this approach for justice, healing, and prevention to inform our collective work to end sexual violence.
Older Adult Factors Associated With Identified Need for Family Caregiver Assistance During Home Health Care
Authors: Burgdorf Julia , Arbaje Alicia , Wolff Jennifer L.
Published: September 2019

Family caregivers make important contributions to home health care for older adults, but knowledge of the specific roles they assume is lacking. We analyzed data from 1,758 community-dwelling Medicare beneficiaries aged 65+ receiving Medicare-funded home health care between 2011 and 2016, using linked National Health and Aging Trends Study and Outcomes and Assessment Information Set data. Most (86.7%) beneficiaries receiving home health care had an identified need for family caregiver assistance, and nearly 6 in 10 (57.9%) had identified need for caregiver assistance with five or more tasks. After examining significant associations between older adult characteristics and identified needs for caregiver assistance with specific tasks, we identified three profiles of older adults who demonstrate similar patterns of identified need for family caregiver assistance during home health. These profiles include: (1) older adults with greater functional impairment who more often had identified need for assistance with Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, advocacy, or Activities of Daily Living; (2) older adults with cognitive impairment who more often had identified need for assistance with medication administration or supervision; and (3) older adults with greater clinical severity who more often had identified need for assistance with medical procedures and equipment. Findings support calls to develop training interventions and strengthen the partnership between home health providers and family caregivers. These three profiles present a potential framework for the development of family caregiver training programs.
Detecting Consensus Emergence in Organizational Multilevel Data: Power Simulations
Authors: Lang Jonas W. B. , Bliese Paul D. , Runge J. Malte
Published: September 2019

Theories suggest that groups within organizations often develop shared values, beliefs, affect, behaviors, or agreed-on routines; however, researchers rarely study predictors of consensus emergence over time. Recently, a multilevel-methods approach for detecting and studying emergence in organizational field data has been described. This approach—the consensus emergence model—builds on an extended three-level multilevel model. Researchers planning future studies based on the consensus emergence model need to consider (a) sample size characteristics required to detect emergence effects with satisfactory statistical power and (b) how the distribution of the overall sample size across the levels of the multilevel model influences power. We systematically address both issues by conducting a power simulation for detecting main and moderating effects involving consensus emergence under a variety of typical research scenarios and provide an R-based tool that readers can use to estimate power. Our discussion focuses on the future use and development of multilevel methods for studying emergence in organizational research.
Fake Martyrs and True Heroes. Competitive Narratives and Hierarchized Masculinities in Post-Revolutionary Tunisia
Authors: Lachenal Perrine
Published: September 2019

Treating the category “martyr” as socially constructed and contested along gendered and political lines, this paper examines how heroes and martyrs have been produced and deployed in post-revolutionary Tunisia. It begins by examining governmental attempts, launched soon after the revolution, to monopolize and institutionally define who could benefit from official recognition as a martyr. The differences in the definition of “martyrdom” between official institutions and families of the deceased are unpacked, arguing that “martyr” is a moral category, the boundaries of which are often drawn in terms of differing masculinities. The paper goes on to demonstrate how the category of “martyrs of the nation” has progressively overshadowed the category of “martyrs of the revolution” in official memorial practices, as the commemoration of the revolution has progressively focused on its uniformed victims, leaving out the civilian ones. One of the interesting features of this shift is that it demonstrates the malleability of the way the category “violence” is understood and deployed. The paper thus shows how neither state officials nor the families of deceased officers, activists, or bystanders accepted that it was sufficient simply to have died during the upheaval in order to be recognized as a martyr. All applied additional moral and political criteria in order to determine who deserved to be labelled as a martyr. At stake in these debates were contrasting representations of masculinity, in particular between triumphant, militaristic masculinities and fragile and damaged masculinities. As the figure of the uniformed “hero” has become increasingly consolidated and hegemonic in post-revolutionary Tunisia, the term “martyr” itself has been increasingly appropriated by state institutions and official memorial practices that serve to reaffirm order and governmental power.
Application of in-body tissue architecture–induced Biotube vascular grafts for vascular access: Proof of concept in a beagle dog model
Authors: Furukoshi Maya , Tatsumi Eisuke , Nakayama Yasuhide
Published: September 2019

Introduction:

The first choice of vascular access for hemodialysis is an autogenous arteriovenous fistula, because prosthetic arteriovenous grafts have a high probability of failure. In this study, Biotubes, in-body tissue architecture–induced autologous collagenous tubes, were evaluated for their potential use as vascular access grafts. Three animal implantation models were developed using beagle dogs, and the in vivo performance of Biotubes was observed after implantation in the acute phase as a pilot study.

Methods:

Biotubes (internal diameter ca. 4.0 mm, length ca. 5.0 cm, and wall thickness ca. 0.7 mm) were prepared through subcutaneous embedding of specially designed molds in beagle dogs for 8 weeks. The Biotubes were then implanted between the common carotid artery and the jugular vein of beagles via three methods, including side-to-side (in) -end-to-end (out) as type 1 (n = 4), side-to-side (both) as type 2 (n = 4), and side-to-end (in) -end-to-side (out) as type 3 (n = 1 using a composite Biotube).

Results:

Although two cases in type 1 and 2 resulted in Biotube deformation, all cases were patent for 4 weeks and maintained a continuous turbulent flow. At 4 weeks after implantation, percutaneous puncture could be performed repeatedly without aneurysm formation or hemorrhage.

Conclusion:

Within a short implantation period, with limited animal numbers, this proof-of-concept study showed that Biotubes may have a high potential for use in vascular access.
Broadcasting inclusion and advocacy: a history of female activism and cross-cultural partnership at the post-war ABC
Authors: Andrews Kylie
Published: September 2019

During the first decade of television in Australia, a cohort of female broadcasters used their hard-won positions at the Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC) to challenge the social and cultural complacencies of post-war society. Counteracting the assumption that women were largely absent in post-war broadcasting, this research discusses how two of these producers used their roles as public broadcasters to enact their own version of feminism, a social and cultural activism framed through active citizenship. Critiquing race, gender and national identity in their programmes, they partnered with Indigenous Australian activists and worked to amplify the voices of minorities. Referring to documentaries produced in Australian television’s formative years, this article describes how ABC producers Therése Denny and Joyce Belfrage worked to disrupt programming cultures that privileged homogeneous Anglo-Australian perspectives. As a consequence, documentaries like A Changing Race (1964) presented empathetic and evocative content that challenged xenophobic stereotypes and encouraged cross-cultural understandings.
Cost-effectiveness of telerehabilitation versus traditional care after total hip replacement: A trial-based economic evaluation
Authors: Nelson Mark , Russell Trevor , Crossley Kay , Bourke Michael , McPhail Steven
Published: September 2019

Introduction:

Physical rehabilitation for total hip replacement patients following hospital discharge is beneficial; however, accessing rehabilitation is often challenging. Telerehabilitation helps negate access issues and is efficacious in total knee and hip replacement patients. This study aims to compare the cost-effectiveness of a telerehabilitation programme delivered remotely into patients’ homes versus traditional care for total hip replacement patients following hospital discharge.

Methods:

A cost-effectiveness (cost-utility) analysis was conducted from the perspective of a health service alongside a two-arm randomised controlled trial comparing telerehabilitation ( n=35) with in-person care ( n=35) following hospital discharge after total hip replacement. The primary analysis used an Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio to compare the cost per Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY) accrued in the telerehabilitation group versus in-person control using costs and effects data from the randomised trial. A secondary analysis was conducted whereby the time accrued by patients attending rehabilitation sessions (including travel time) was considered the “cost” (i.e. a time burden), rather than cost from the health service perspective.

Results:

Estimated mean differences in healthcare costs and QALYs gained were detected but were not significant. The estimated mean (95%CI) difference in cost of telerehabilitation versus in-person was –$28.90 (–$96.37 to $40.45), favouring the telerehabilitation group. The estimated mean (95%CI) difference in QALYs gained from telerehabilitation versus in-person was –0.0025 (–0.0227 to 0.0217). The estimated mean (95%CI) difference in time burden favoured less time burden for the telerehabilitation group (–4.21 (–4.69 to –3.74) hours).

Discussion:

Telerehabilitation in the total hip replacement population incurred similar costs and yielded similar effects to traditional in-person care. Telerehabilitation significantly reduced the time burden for patients and carers. These findings are valuable for healthcare providers seeking to implement accessible patient-centred rehabilitation services.
A Metacognitive Intervention of Narrative Imagery for young people with cystic fibrosis: A feasibility study
Authors: Russell Jeremy K , Strodl Esben , Connolly Jennifer , Kavanagh David J
Published: September 2019

Cystic fibrosis and its treatment can have substantial functional and emotional impacts on patients and their families. This feasibility study assessed a new cystic fibrosis treatment, Metacognitive Intervention of Narrative Imagery, integrating narrative and meta-cognitive therapies with mental imagery. A total of 13 patients, aged 10–17 years, received three 1-hour sessions and were assessed on emotional functioning, anxiety, and depression at baseline and 4 and 8 weeks post-baseline. Participants had significant improvements in anxiety, and changes in emotional functioning and anxiety had a medium effect size. Participants and parents rated Metacognitive Intervention of Narrative Imagery highly on usability and favourability. Further clinical trials are indicated.
The sociodemographic context of observed solitary and social smoking behaviours using a behavioural ecological approach
Authors: Why Felix Yong Peng , Undarwati Anna , Nuzulia Siti
Published: September 2019

This study used a behavioural ecological approach by observing whether solitary and social smoking varied as a function of gender and stress. In sample 1 ( N = 414), the result was consistent with the tend-and-befriend hypothesis, in that more female smokers were observed to engage in social smoking during high stress. When the number of smokers observed by stress condition was controlled for in sample 2 ( N = 587), this effect was non-significant. Effect sizes were small for both samples. Discrepancies with previous research suggest that self-reported data might overestimate the interaction of various psychosocial factors on smoking behaviours.
Validation of the Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale in a mixed sample of adults with and without chronic conditions
Authors: Carlozzi Noelle E , Boileau Nicholas R , Murphy Susan L , Braley Tiffany J , Kratz Anna L
Published: September 2019

The aim of this study was to validate the Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale in three different groups: adults with multiple sclerosis ( n = 65), fibromyalgia ( n = 64), and healthy adults ( n = 86). Participants completed the Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale and other self-report measures. While findings supported the internal consistency of the Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale (all Cronbach’s alpha ⩾ 0.85), standard error of measurement estimates were larger than hypothesized. In addition, while item-level reliability was generally supported, item-total correlations for two items were lower than expected. Convergent and discriminant validity were supported, and the Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale was able to distinguish between individuals with and without chronic disease. Overall, the Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale exhibited acceptable psychometric properties.
Pre-crime and Policing of Migrants: Anticipatory Action Meets Management of Concerns
Authors: Gundhus Helene OI , Jansen Pia T
Published: September 2019

In 2015 the Norwegian police initiated its first national intelligence project—Operation Migrant. One central aim was to predict crime challenges related to increased migration to improve future resource allocation. Based on qualitative interviews with those managing the operation, this article foregrounds the question of how attempts to reduce uncertainties and manage what is perceived as migration-related threats and risks, shape not only ideas of risk in policing of migration but also influence the importance of precautionary logic in regular policing. First, we analyse how knowledge production built on risk management and sharing of risk intelligence products are co-produced by intelligence staff and decision-makers. Thereafter, we discuss paradoxical outcomes of a calculated and precautionary logic applied to policing migrants. Concretely, the article focuses on how anticipatory knowledge practices seem to enlarge the space for probabilities, making it even more complex and contested to reduce and control uncertainty.
Computation of zone-level ventilation requirement based on actual occupancy, plug and lighting load information
Authors: Anand Prashant , Cheong David , Sekhar Chandra
Published: September 2019

This paper presents a case study to compare the zone-level actual supplied ventilation rate with minimum required ventilation rate for a typical variable air volume (VAV) operation. The minimum required ventilation rate was computed using zone-level actual occupancy, plug and lighting load data. Two different algorithms were adopted to collect the actual zone-level occupancy information using camera-based technology which are (a) area-based occupancy counting and (b) row-based occupancy counting. Similarly, zone-level Plug, lighting and air-conditioning and mechanical ventilation (ACMV) system-related energy data were taken from the energy submeters and BTU meters. The median values of actual supplied ventilation rates are 0.16, 0.14, 0.14 and 0.12 m3/s for the classroom, computer room, open office and closed office, respectively. For the same zone, the computed minimum required ventilation rates are 0.10, 0.09, 0.10 and 0.08 m3/s, respectively. This case study shows that except during evening classes in classroom and computer room, the actual ventilation supplied is much more than the minimum required ventilation. These over and under ventilation scenarios have been identified as an indicator for energy wastage and poor indoor environmental quality, respectively.
Mechanical joining of sheets to tubes by squeeze-grooving
Authors: Alves LM , Afonso RM , Martins PAF
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this paper is to present a mechanical joining process to produce sheet-tube connections in a single stroke, at room temperature. The proposed solution is an enhancement of a previous joining by squeeze-grooving process that makes use of two independent mandrels and a customized spacer to control the inner joint radius and to improve its overall aesthetics. The presentation is illustrated with selected examples retrieved from experimentation and finite element modeling. Results show that the new proposed sheet-tube connections are characterized by a better redistribution of material within the joints and a very significant improvement of the pull-out strength. The proposed process also allows connecting a sheet to a tube close to the tube ends, which is impossible to achieve by means of the original joining by squeeze-grooving process.
How public discourse affects attitudes towards Freedom of Movement and Schengen
Authors: Karstens Felix
Published: September 2019

Regulating migration is currently one of the most salient issues in Europe. So far, research has overlooked how this politicisation affects attitudes towards migration regimes. This article links the literatures on public opinion and framing effects from a comparative European perspective and presents original data from representative EU-wide vignette experiments conducted in mid-December 2017 ( N = 10.827). I show that framing Schengen as a threat to public security or national identity weakens support for the status quo inside Schengen and reaffirms it amongst Schengen outsiders. Regarding Freedom of Movement only negative frames, particularly those referring to labour market risks, have a significant impact. Given the weak public support in several EU member states, these findings have important implications for the future of European migration regimes.
Peer-to-peer lending to businesses: Investors’ characteristics, investment criteria and motivation
Authors: Pierrakis Yannis
Published: September 2019

Online peer-to-peer (P2P) business lending, where individual investors provide unsecured loans directly to individual business borrowers without the intermediation of banks, has experienced rapid growth in recent years. However, very little is currently known about the individuals who lend money through the online P2P lending platforms. Drawing on the cognitive evaluation theory and responses to a survey from 630 investors of the Funding Circle platform, the largest P2P business-lending platform in the United Kingdom, this article describes their personal characteristics, investment criteria and their motivation to invest. A typical P2P business lender is male, highly educated and relatively wealthy with a science, business or finance degree. According to the factor analysis, variables related to company quality and associated risks are important investment criteria, while the expectation of making a financial return is the main motivation behind individuals’ decision to lend money to companies. In contrast, intrinsic motives such as geographical location, personal relationship or knowledge of the company are of significantly less importance.
When function meets emotion, change can happen: Societal value propositions and disruptive potential in fintechs
Authors: Lehner Othmar M , Simlinger Romina
Published: September 2019

Fintechs, as providers of digital service innovations and as highly relevant and novel channels through which to deliver entrepreneurial finance based on the creative use of state-of-the-art technology in the financial domain, have thus far mainly been addressed in research by examining the functional aspects of their value propositions (VPs). This article thus sets out to gain insights into the interplay and overall role of societal VPs as potential antecedents and change catalysts in the formation of the often promised disruptive potential of fintechs for the financial sector. In an inductive, theory-building approach, the authors first examine how societal VPs transcend individual functional and emotional ones for entrepreneurs, and conclude with a conceptual model of how the former can build up the disruptive potential of fintechs and deliver apt solutions for entrepreneurs seeking finance.
Silences, categories and black-boxes: Towards an analytics of the relations of power in planning regulation
Authors: Rydin Yvonne
Published: September 2019

Regulation is often considered as an arena of conflicts, where power is exercised by the state or developers. This article looks beyond this to consider how power operates in a distributed way through the relationships of the regulatory process. It develops a theoretical framing drawing on Foucauldian and Actor–Network Theory perspectives that emphasises the securing of consent, performativity and the interrelation of knowledge and power . Using research into the regulation of major renewable energy infrastructure, it develops an analytics of power looking at silences, categorisation and black-boxing. This shows how power is operationalised through regulatory practice, so that local communities’ concerns are only partially heard, differential attention is paid to project impacts and knowledge claims are selectively warranted as an evidence-base.
Payload swing suppression for offshore cranes using a novel triple-tagline system: Theory and experiment
Authors: Wang Sheng-hai , Ren Zhao-peng , Du Jia-lu , Chen Hai-quan , Sun Yu-qing
Published: September 2019

Offshore cranes are widely used for lifting operations at sea. However, due to the ship motions and crane operations, the payload swing is unavoidable, hence putting the operators in danger. Thus, this article proposes a novel triple-tagline system which has three taglines forming a triangle structure in the space and can suppress the payload swing in arbitrary directions. The kinematic and dynamic models are built in a systematic manner, which establish the theoretical basis of position synchronization and tension setting of the taglines. Then, dynamic analysis is carried out to explore the effect of the taglines’ tension on payload swing suppression, but it is unexpected to find that the taglines cannot suppress the dynamic payload swing if they always hold the static equilibrium condition. Furthermore, inspired by the air damping phenomenon, a damp-based tagline tension setting method is proposed to guarantee the resultant force of the taglines would always keep the tendency to damp the payload swing. At last, a tension/position hybrid control strategy is presented to prevent the interference of the taglines to crane operations. The validity of the proposed method and strategy are verified by experimental results.
In-Hospital Physiotherapy and Physical Recovery 3 Months After Lung Cancer Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jonsson Marcus , Ahlsson Anders , Hurtig-Wennlöf Anita , Vidlund Mårten , Cao Yang , Westerdahl Elisabeth
Published: September 2019

Background. Lung cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and one of the leading causes of cancer deaths. Surgery is the primary approach for curative treatment. Postoperative complications are common, and physiotherapy is often routinely provided for their prevention and treatment, even though the evidence is limited. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of in-hospital physiotherapy on postoperative physical capacity, physical activity, and lung function among patients undergoing lung cancer surgery. Methods. A total of 107 patients undergoing elective thoracic surgery were included in a single-blinded randomized controlled trial, and randomized to a study group, receiving in-hospital physiotherapy treatment, or a control group, not receiving in-hospital physiotherapy treatment. The patients were assessed preoperatively and 3 months after surgery. The in-hospital physiotherapy treatment consisted of early mobilization, ambulation, breathing exercises, and thoracic range of motion exercises. Physical capacity was assessed with the 6-minute walk test. Level of physical activity was objectively assessed with an accelerometer and subjectively assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Modified for the Elderly. Results. Physical capacity for the whole sample was significantly decreased 3 months postoperatively compared with preoperative values ( P = .047). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups regarding physical capacity, physical activity, spirometric values, or dyspnea. However, patients in the study group increased their level of self-reported physical activity from preoperatively to 3 months postoperatively, while the patients in the control group did not. Conclusions. No difference in physical capacity, physical activity, or lung function was found 3 months postoperatively in lung cancer surgery patients receiving in-hospital physiotherapy compared with control patients.
An Ancient Enzyme Takes a Hit in Epilepsy
Authors: Eid Tore
Published: September 2019

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Putting Peace Back Into the Peace Corps: Restoring International Volunteering for Development as a Peacebuilding Modality
Authors: Inton-Campbell Joshua M.
Published: September 2019

International volunteering for development is neglected as a peacebuilding model, despite its origins in the early 20th-century pacifist movement. In part, this is due to pressures from donor- and sponsor-state agendas, which emphasise neoliberal and securitisation dynamics, similar to those experienced by the wider peacebuilding and development field. Research in peace studies has overlooked the field, making it unclear what unique impacts these activities might have upon peacebuilding and conflict. This not only leaves us blind to its potential as an underused peacebuilding modality, but it also makes it difficult to mitigate potential harms. To prepare the foundation for future research and programme evaluation, I propose a levels of analysis model for mapping the potential peacebuilding impacts of international volunteering and service. This will be grounded in a reconstruction of the peacebuilding paradigms espoused by early theorists and practitioners.
An Endoscopic Solution to Mitral Regurgitation in a Complex Patient With Marfan Syndrome
Authors: Abdelbar Abdelrahman , Knowles Andrew , Sanjeev Kumar Bangalore Thimmapa , Zacharias Joseph
Published: September 2019

Cardiac presentations of Marfan syndrome are not uncommon. Patients with Marfan syndrome can present with aortic pathology, valvular pathology, or both. Hence, Marfan syndrome patients can undergo more than one cardiac surgery in their lifetime. Endoscopic mitral valve surgery can be a good alternative to redo sternotomy. We present a case of a 77-year-old woman who had an aortic root replacement and replacement of the ascending aorta. She presented to our center 13 years later with severe mitral regurgitation. Femoral cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass was not possible due to the presence of a type B aortic dissection that occurred sometime after the initial procedure. Mitral valve replacement was performed with an empty beating heart using axillary artery inflow with an excellent result.
From Theory to Practice: Operationalizing Transformative Mixed Methods with and for the Studied Population
Authors: Camacho Sayil
Published: September 2019

This study details the research practices that were developed to operationalize the guiding principles of the transformative mixed methods design. A transformative, explanatory-sequential mixed methods design was utilized to examine the workplace experiences of academic migrants and findings from the study supported better work conditions for the population. Two critical theoretical frameworks were implemented—migrant identity and intersectionality—and the study also illustrates how theoretical frameworks can serve to amplify the transformative paradigm in both phases of the mixed methods design. This study makes a significant contribution to the field of mixed methods by exhibiting rigorous research practices that operationalize the transformative criteria and demonstrates how to actualize social justice with and for the studied population.