bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolution of protein domain repertoires of CALHM6
Authors: Javed Aneela , Habib Sabahat , Ayub Aaima
Published: January 2024

Calcium (Ca2 +) homeostasis is essential in conducting various cellular processes including nerve transmission, muscular movement, and immune response. Changes in Ca2 + concentration in the cytoplasm are significant in bringing about various immune responses such as pathogen clearance and apoptosis. Various key players are involved in calcium homeostasis such as calcium binders, pumps, and channels. Sequence-based evolutionary information has recently been exploited to predict the biophysical behaviors of proteins, giving critical clues about their functionality. Ion channels are reportedly the first channels developed during evolution. Calcium homeostasis modulator protein 6 (CALHM6) is one such channel. Comprised of a single domain called Ca_hom_mod, CALHM6 is a stable protein interacting with various other proteins in calcium regulation. No previous attempt has been made to trace the exact evolutionary events in the domain of CALHM6, leaving plenty of room for exploring its evolution across a wide range of organisms. The current study aims to answer the questions by employing a computational-based strategy that used profile Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) to scan for the CALHM6 domain, integrated the data with a time-calibrated phylogenetic tree using BEAST and Mesquite, and visualized through iTOL. Around 4,000 domains were identified, and 14,000 domain gain, loss, and duplication events were observed at the end which also included various protein domains other than CALHM6. The data were analyzed concerning CALHM6 evolution as well as the domain gain, loss, and duplication of its interacting partners: Calpain, Vinculin, protein S100-A7, Thioredoxin, Peroxiredoxin, and Calmodulin-like protein 5. Duplication events of CALHM6 near higher eukaryotes showed its increasing complexity in structure and function. This in-silico phylogenetic approach applied to trace the evolution of CALHM6 was an effective approach to get a better understanding of the protein CALHM6.
Identification and characterization of biomarkers associated with endoplasmic reticulum protein processing in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Li Liang-da , Zhou Yue , Shi Shan-fen
Published: January 2024

Background

Cerebral ischemia (CI), ranking as the second leading global cause of death, is frequently treated by reestablishing blood flow and oxygenation. Paradoxically, this reperfusion can intensify tissue damage, leading to CI-reperfusion injury. This research sought to uncover biomarkers pertaining to protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (PER) during CI-reperfusion injury.

Methods

We utilized the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset GSE163614 to discern differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and single out PER-related DEGs. The functions and pathways of these PER-related DEGs were identified via Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. Core genes were pinpointed through protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. Subsequent to this, genes with diagnostic relevance were distinguished using external validation datasets. A single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was undertaken to pinpoint genes with strong associations to hypoxia and apoptosis, suggesting their potential roles as primary inducers of apoptosis in hypoxic conditions during ischemia-reperfusion injuries.

Results

Our study demonstrated that PER-related genes, specifically ADCY5, CAMK2A, PLCB1, NTRK2, and DLG4, were markedly down-regulated in models, exhibiting a robust association with hypoxia and apoptosis.

Conclusion

The data indicates that ADCY5, CAMK2A, PLCB1, NTRK2, and DLG4 could be pivotal genes responsible for triggering apoptosis in hypoxic environments during CI-reperfusion injury.
"2666" desde la ciencia ficción, una profecía milenarista hacia el futuro
Authors: Wu Fan
Published: January 2024

En la reedición de 2666 de Alfaguara (2016), en el apéndice que se encuentra en la portada de la libreta para la creación de esta novela, una apuntación de “2666 -a non science fiction novel-”. A partir de esta anotación, este artículo pretende examinar la novela desde el ángulo de la ciencia ficción y averiguar las conexiones que tiene la última obra de Roberto Bolaño con este subgénero popular. Tras un recorrido de la repercusión de este género a lo largo de su carrera literaria del chileno, se analiza el significado simbólico que contiene este número enigmático como título y se establecen paralelismos de la obra maestra de Bolaño con 1984 de George Orwell y 2001 de Stanley Kubrick.
Imaginarios históricos y ficcionales en las novelas "100 gotas de sangre y 200 de sudor" (1961) y "Supay el cristiano" (1967) de Carlos Droguett
Authors: Vidal Cristian
Published: January 2024

Las novelas históricas de Carlos Droguett han sido las obras que menos atención han recibido por parte de la crítica literaria. Las primeras dos pueden ser consideradas como textos iniciales en la carrera literaria del autor, ya que fueron escritas en los primeros años de la década de 1940. Pese a la escasa atención crítica que han recibido, estos textos se posicionan en un lugar privilegiado dentro del campo literario chileno e hispanoamericano, sobre todo en lo que concierne a la forma de la novela histórica. Además, inauguran la poética del autor en cuanto a la visión de mundo que plasmará en toda su obra posterior. El objetivo del este artículo es analizar los recursos literarios presentes en sus dos primeras novelas históricas y el modo en que ambos textos configuran nuevos imaginarios históricos a partir de la ficción y exponen una poética trágica respecto a la historia de Chile.
Colonia Dignidad en el campo cultural chileno y latinoamericano: aproximaciones teóricas y estéticas a un corpus en construcción
Authors: Fischer Carl , Franken María Angélica
Published: January 2024

Sin resumen
La ficcionalización de la infancia en "Sprinters. Los niños de Colonia Dignidad" de Lola Larra
Authors: Mayne-Nicholls Alida
Published: January 2024

Sin resumen
Del Golpe de Estado y algunas réplicas (im)precisas
Authors: Kottow Andrea
Published: January 2024

Sin resumen
Colección Luis Oyarzún: el tiempo recobrado
Authors: Donoso Aceituno Arnaldo , Donoso Aceituno Arnaldo , Vidangossy González Mariana
Published: January 2024

Sin resumen
Imágenes Colección Luis Oyarzún
Authors: Oyarzún Luis
Published: January 2024

Sin resumen
La siembra de nubes
Authors: Apablaza Claudia
Published: January 2024

Sin resumen
Historia oficial de la poesía chilena
Authors: Cussen Felipe
Published: January 2024

Sin resumen
Hugo E. Herrera. "El último romántico: El pensamiento de Mario Góngora"
Authors: Délano Gaete León
Published: January 2024

Sin resumen
Eugenia Brito. "Veinte pájaros"
Authors: Montero Barra Greta
Published: January 2024

Sin resumen
Clara Parra T, Paulina Daza D y Marcia Martínez C. "Infancias y lecturas: El Peneca en Chile e Hispanoamérica"
Authors: Plaza Daniel
Published: January 2024

Sin resumen
Recycling waste expanded polystyrene as aggregate in produc-tion of lightweight screed mortar
Authors: Çelikten Serhat
Published: January 2024

The potential use of waste-expanded polystyrene (EPS) beads in the production of lightweight screed mortar (LSM) was investigated. LSM specimens were produced by replacing waste EPS with normal weight aggregate at 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% proportions by volume. Workability, unit weight, capillarity, flexural and compressive strength, abrasion resistance, drying shrinkage, and thermal conductivity of the LSMs were determined. Waste EPS replacement by the normal weight aggregate reduced the abrasion resistance and strength properties of LSMs. Waste EPS also caused the LSMs to have lower unit weight and thermal conductivity, significantly. It was concluded that substitution of waste EPS by normal weight aggregate up to 60% can be proposed for adequate strength and heat-insulating properties of LSMs. LSM produced with 60% waste EPS (M60) has 16.3 MPa 28th-day compressive strength with 0.4562 W/m.K thermal conductivity and 1.35 g/cm3 unit weight. Moreover, the recovery of waste EPS contributes to both reducing environmental pollution and storage problems.
Experimental investigations the effects of dusty, humidity and temperature conditions on chemical anchors
Authors: Çalışkan Özlem , Aras Murat , Ağdağ Yılmaz
Published: January 2024

Chemical anchor applications are frequently used to add new structural elements to existing structures. Chemical anchors can be applied quickly and easily, if anchors apply according to a detailed installation and cleaning procedure depending on environmental conditions and workmanship. In this work, the relationship between the axial tensile capacity of chemical anchors and the effect of dust, humidity, and temperature were examined as adverse conditions. The effect of using different conditions, anchorage diameters and embedment depth on the tensile strength of the anchors was evaluated. In the experimental study, anchors diameter 12, 16 and 20 mm were selected to be used as anchors. The depth of embedding was determined to be 5, 10, 15 and 20 times the diameter of used anchors. The initial stiffness, displacement ductility ratio, energy absorption capacity, failure modes, and safety levels according to ACI 318 were obtained by using the load-displacement curves. According to the parameters considered in the experimental program, the most unfavorable situation was obtained in anchors embedded in a wet environment. In addition, it was observed that the diameter of the drilled holes causes a decrease in the axial tensile capacity by increasing the exposure time of the anchors to water and temperature.
Effect of sodium silicate and cement on the improvement of engineering properties of organic soil
Authors: Kiuna Veronica Gacambi , Kaya Zulkuf
Published: January 2024

The study is aimed at evaluating the effect of adding sodium silicate and cement to organic soil. Geotechnical properties of organic soil are determined before and after the addition of the stabilizing materials, which in this case are cement and sodium silicate. The results obtained after treatment were analyzed and evaluated to determine whether the strength values reached are adequate for strong subgrades for pavement, and airports construction. Organic soil samples used in this study were obtained from Kayseri Free Area in Turkey. Index properties and geotechnical properties of organic soil, which was identified as sample P, were determined and this formed the reference upon which strength improvements of each mix design sample were obtained. Optimum moisture content and maximum dry density of the soil and the various mixes were obtained using standard proctor test. Unconfined compressive tests (UCS), California bearing ratio (CBR), and Falling head permeability tests were used to determine geotechnical properties. UCS tests were conducted on air cured samples for 1, 7, and 28 days. Soaked and unsoaked CBR samples were tested after 1, 7 and 28 days. Hydraulic conductivity was determined using the falling head permeability test. From the experiments, sodium silicate and cement were seen to improve the strength of organic soil and provide acceptable subgrade strength and CBR values. CBR and UCS tests indicated that longer curing periods improved strength even more. Higher values were obtained for 7 days cured samples than for 1-day samples with the highest values being obtained for 28 days cured samples. Design mixes with higher cement and sodium silicate compositions gave the highest values of strength. In conclusion, sodium silicate and cement give positive results when it comes to stabilizing organic soil.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Tubulicid Red as a Cavity Disinfectant in Comparison with Chlor-X Gel against S. mutans in Primary Teeth: Randomised Split-mouth Clinical Study
Authors: Vegi Swapnika , Arali Veena , Rapala Harika , Kolluri Sritha , Vajrala Sasidhar
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Microorganisms act as precursors to dental caries. Following cavity preparation, traces of resident bacteria in the smear layer may contribute to the recurrence of caries. Thus, eliminating the underlying causes improves the likelihood of treatment success. Disinfectants are adjuvant tools that should focus on removing microorganisms when combined with procedures that yield positive outcomes. Aim: To compare and evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of Tubulicid Red (TR) Label as a cavity disinfectant with Chlor X gel (2% chlorhexidine) in primary teeth. Materials and Methods: The present randomised double-blind clinical trial was conducted at the Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, GSL Dental College and Hospital, YSRUHS, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India from September 2021 to April 2022. The study assessed the antimicrobial efficacy of TR label against S. mutans in 60 primary carious teeth involving 1/3rd of the dentin. The teeth were divided into two groups, each consisting of 30 teeth. Group-I received TR Label, while Group-II received Chlor X. After excavating the infected dentine, the affected dentine was left in the cavity, and a dentinal sample was collected from the base of the cavity. The cavity was then disinfected with either TR or Chlor X gel, followed by rinsing with saline. A second sample was collected from the base of the same cavity. The collected samples were transferred to Eppendorf tubes and subjected to microbiological analysis to calculate the number of Colony-forming Units (CFU) of S. mutans on Mutans Sanguis (MS) agar medium. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon’s’s signedrank test and Mann-Whitney test. Results: In the intragroup comparison (Wilcoxon’s signedrank test), both groups showed significant reductions in S. mutans count (p<0.001). The intergroup comparison showed no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between the Tubulicid and Chlor X groups at baseline and post-treatment. Conclusion: The TR could be used as an alternative to Chlor X gel as a cavity disinfectant in primary teeth before restoration, potentially reducing the occurrence of secondary caries.
Cultivating Adaptation: A Study of FPO Farmer Preferences for Climate-Smart Training in the Western Zone of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Malarkodi M.  , Kanaka S.  , Premavathi P. , Tamilselvi C.  , Agila R.  , Sridhar P.
Published: January 2024

The Tamil Nadu government actively supports farmer development through frequent training programs. These programs, incorporating both classroom sessions and field visits, are targeted towards farmer members of Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) and conducted at regular intervals. Recognizing the importance of understanding farmers' motivations and preferences, the training centers conducted a study involving 80 FPO farmer respondents from Coimbatore and Nilgiris districts. Using rank-based quotient (RBQ) analysis, the researchers explored the reasons behind farmers' participation in the training programs. Additionally, conjoint analysis revealed their preferred training mode. The study identified a two-day program, held once a year from 10 am to 5 pm and combining classroom training with field visits, as the most popular option. Interestingly, the number of days was the key deciding factor for program attendance, while having experienced farmers as trainers or guest speakers emerged as the primary reason for participating. This research offers valuable insights for optimizing future training programs to better cater to the needs and preferences of farmers, ultimately maximizing their benefits and fostering their development.
The Efficacy of Burosumab Treatment for Hypophosphatemic Rickets: Systematic Review
Authors: Alnajashi Ibrahim , Alshehri Wejdan , Shihabi Noor
Published: January 2024

Background/Objective: The approval of burosumab for the treatment of X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) in adults and children is a significant milestone. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of data regarding its safety and efficacy in adolescents. The primary objective of this research is to assess the safety and effectiveness of burosumab in the treatment of hypophosphatemia rickets in adolescents.

Methods: An extensive and comprehensive search was carried out primarily utilizing the PubMed database, in accordance with the PRISMA criteria. The search parameters were confined to studies conducted in the English language that investigated the effectiveness and safety of burosumab in the treatment of hypophosphatemic rickets. Specific criteria for inclusion and exclusion were established to guarantee the quality and relevance of the research under evaluation.

Results: The study encompassed a broad spectrum of research from various geographical regions across the globe, with no particular focus on gender or age. A discernible pattern emerged, indicating a favorable efficacy of burosumab as a therapeutic intervention for hypophosphatemic rickets.

Conclusion: Burosumab seems to enhance results in both younger and older children with hypophosphatemic rickets.
Laparoscopic Appendectomy in Complicated Appendicitis: A Narrative Review
Authors: Kumar H. R.  , Soma M.
Published: January 2024

The treatment of complicated appendicitis has moved from conservative treatment to immediate appendectomy and laparoscopic appendectomy has become the treatment of choice for this condition. Laparoscopic appendectomy is safe and associated with reduced morbidity, but it was initially associated with increased intra-abdominal abscess rates. With time there seems to be a reduction in this complication rate and hence we have conducted this review article to look at the use of laparoscopic appendectomy in the management of complicated appendicitis, with regards to complications and morbidity.
Understanding the Chemistry of Nitrene and Highlighting its Remarkable Catalytic Capabilities as a Non-Heme Iron Enzyme
Authors: Ajayi Nneka Damola , Ajayi Samson Abidemi , Boyi John Oizamsi , Olaniyi Oluwaseun Oladeji
Published: January 2024

Nitrogen is a crucial ingredient for biological processes and is necessary for several cellular activities, including metabolic processes, nucleic acid generation, and protein synthesis. Herein we looked at the intricate chemical properties of nitrene, a molecule that contains nitrogen at its core. Nitrene, akin to carbene, exhibits unique reactivity as an electrophile due to its unpaired octet. The electrical arrangement of nitrene, namely in its most basic form as imidogen (HN), is analyzed, with an emphasis on its sp hybridization and spin density characteristics. The formation of nitrene, which is known for its strong reactivity, occurs as an intermediate species through two primary mechanisms: the photolysis or thermolysis of azides, and the decomposition of isocyanates. This study offers a concise elucidation of significant chemical occurrences involving nitrenes, such as the incorporation of C-H bonds, cycloaddition reactions, the observed phenomena of ring contraction and ring expansion in aryl nitrenes and the catalytic reactions through Nitrene radical. The final section of the paper provides a summary focused on a specific study involving the transfer of nitrene, which is assisted by a non-heme iron enzyme. The research examines the catalytic prowess of PsEFE, a non-heme iron enzyme derived from Pseudomonas savastanoi, in nitrene transfer processes.  Through the utilization of directed evolution and the introduction of non-native small-molecule ligands, PsEFE demonstrated an elevated level of aziridination activity. This emphasizes the capability to enhance catalysis by modifying the reliance on ligands. This study advances the understanding of nitrene chemistry and highlights the remarkable catalytic capabilities of a non-heme iron enzyme, opening possibilities for further exploration in the area of biocatalysis with transition metals.
The Sustainability of Carbon Markets for Climate-Smart Agriculture among Smallholder Farmers in Uganda
Authors: Tumushabe Jennifer Turyatemba , Turyasingura Benson , Chavula Petros
Published: January 2024

This study assesses the sustainability of Uganda's carbon markets in the context of climate-smart agricultural practices with the aim of aligning them with sustainable development goals. The research emphasizes integrating dimensions of sustainable development to proactively address food security and climate issues. Climate-smart agricultural practices that support the efficiency of small-scale farming enable farmers to generate income through the sale of carbon-related environmental services such as reduced greenhouse gas emissions and carbon sequestration. While these practices contribute to the resilience of smallholder farmers' livelihoods, challenges arise from large project volumes with low transaction costs, resulting in insufficient carbon revenues for local communities. Furthermore, limited methods and complex procedures hinder progress. The study recommends involving national or international organizations to bridge the gap between farmer groups and the carbon market, with a focus on government policy and private sector collaboration to incentivize environmental services. In summary, establishing sustainable, climate-smart agricultural links to the carbon market can bring co-benefits including income diversification, poverty reduction and biodiversity conservation.
Assessment of Carbon Stock in Response to Varied Land Use Systems and Soil Depths in Chandel District, Manipur, India
Authors: Khumlo Khinis , Chongloi Khumlo Levish , Ansari M. A. , Singh K. Sonamani , Singh Amitabh
Published: January 2024

To understand the effects of land use system and its cropping techniques, the study on carbon stock and soil nutrients in response to varied land use systems and soil depths in Chandel district was carried out during 2020 from five different locations in the Chandel district that include a variety of land use systems such as Forest area, Jhum cultivation after 15 years,  Jhum cultivation after 10 years, Jhum cultivation after 10 years from different sub division of the district, Jhum cultivation after 5 years, Intermittent Jhum area, Oak forest area, Teak forest area, Pine forest area, Agri-horti jhum cropping system area and Maize based cropping system area. The study revealed that Forest soils shows significantly higher Organic carbon content of 2.73 % in 0-15 cm and 2.04% in 30-45 cm soil depth respectively than the other land use system of Chandel district. Available N was also found to be significantly higher in forest soils i.e. 533.49 kg/ha in 0-15 cm soil depth and 475.14 kg/ha in 30-45 cm soil depth as compared to other land use systems. Similarly, available P2O5 of 10.92 kg/ha and 9.97 kg/ha in 0-15 cm and 30-45 cm soil depth respectively and K2O of 278.08 kg/ha in 0-15 cm and 266.11 kg/ha in 30-45 cm were also recorded to be significantly higher in forest soil which was followed by the Jhum cultivation after 15 years in Chandel district. Next to forest area soils, Jhum cultivation after 15 years shows higher organic carbon content and other soil nutrients as compare to other land use systems due to the longer waiting period of cultivation. These results indicated that the land under more vegetation and less disturbed areas have higher soil nutrient and organic carbon as compared to other land use system. Thus it may be concluded that, variations in soil fertility parameters need immediate improvement in soil health of Jhum lands and other land use systems.
Genetic Divergence and Variability Assessment of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes for Yield and its Contributing Traits
Authors: Chhodavadiya R. J. , Patel P. B. , Harsh Patel , Naveen Y. K. V. , Bharda S. P. , Bhattacharya Sampurna
Published: January 2024

For over half of the world's population, rice is the primary food. An increasing population requires higher yield levels, which must be achieved. In order to construct breeding strategies and improve production, variability must be created. Fourteen distinct parameters were used to examine genetic variability in forty enhanced rice genotypes. Genotypes exhibited moderate values of GCV and PCV for effective tillers per plant, panicle length, grains per panicle, 1000 grain weight, grain yield per plant, straw yield per plant and length/birth ratio and high values for protein content indicating the greater scope of improving these characters by applying judicious selection. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percentage of mean showed by straw yield per plant, grain yield per plant, grains per panicle, 1000 grain weight and effective tillers per plant indicated higher additive gene action in these traits thus improvement by direct phenotypic selection over the genotypes would be worth it. D2 statistics were estimated on forty genotypes which revealed generalized distance (D) from 17.54 to 55.25 between five clusters, indicating the presence of vast diversity. Considerable higher intra and inter cluster values revealed a very interesting trend of genetic diversity. The maximum inter cluster distance was found between clusters II and III followed by clusters III and V. Based on cluster analysis intercrossing among the genotypes in distant clusters would produce highly heterotic progenies. Maximum contribution towards the divergence was exhibited by protein content followed by days to 50 per cent flowering and 1000 grain weight.
Weed Management Practices on Growth, Yield and Economics of Kharif Grain Sorghum
Authors: Rajesh Patil, V.  , Krishnamurthy, D.  , Ramesha, Y. M.  , Ajaykumar, M. Y.
Published: January 2024

In the Kharif grain sorghum growing areas of Karnataka, the sorghum production suffers greatly due to weed problem, which offers limitations to crop. It was found that weed infestation become unmanageable throughout the growing period by the traditional methods of interculturing and manual weeding due to continuous and heavy rains during entire vegetative and early reproductive stages of Kharif sorghum. Hence, integration of herbicides with some cultural operations and use of pre-emergence, post-emergence herbicides in combination with mechanical methods can prove to be more successful. A field experiment entitled “Weed management in kharif grain sorghum” was conducted during Kharif 2019 at ARS, Hagari in deep black soil with neutral reaction (pH 7.50), organic carbon (5.5 g kg-1), available nitrogen (248.00 kg ha-1), available phosphorus (36.75 kg ha-1) and available potassium (312.00 kg ha-1). An experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. There were fourteen treatments comprising of weed management practices. The dominant weeds observed in the experimental fields were among grasses Brachiaria reptans, while in broad leaved weeds, Amaranthus viridis and among sedges, Cyperus rotundus. Significantly lower population of grasses, sedges, and broad leaved weeds, weed dry weight, weed index (%) and higher weed control efficiency throughout the crop growth period was noticed in sequential pre-emergence application of atrazine 50 WP @ 0.50 kg a.i. ha-1 as PE fb 2,4-D Na Salt 80 WP @ 0.75 kg a.i. ha-1 as PoE at 25 DAS except weed free treatment. Atrazine 50 WP @ 0.50 kg a.i. ha-1 as PE fb 2,4-D Na Salt 80 WP @ 0.75 kg a.i. ha-1 as PoE at 25 DAS recorded significantly higher plant height, dry matter accumulation, leaf area, test weight, grain yield, straw yield, harvest index, gross return, net return and benefit cost ratio (160.8 cm, 183.4 gplant-1, 24.1 dm2 plant-1, 30.53 g, 4195 kg ha-1, 9891 kg ha-1, 29.80 %, Rs. 1,03,675ha-1, Rs. 71,636 ha-1and 3.24, respectively) except weed free and it was on par with atrazine 50 WP @ 0.50 kg a.i. ha-1 as PE fb IC at 25 DAS and HW at 25 DAS and IC at 40 DAS.
Calibration and Validation of Cropgro (DSSAT 4.7) Model for Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Crop in Raipur
Authors: Janghel Yogesh , Puranik H. V.
Published: January 2024

In agriculture aspect crop simulation models play key role in developing the decision making research, technology management and policy options. It acts as useful tool to predict the growth development and production of a crop under varying soil, crop input and climatic condition. The DSSAT CROPGRO model was calibrated and validated through field experiment on chickpea crop during rabi seasons i.e. 2020-21 and 2021-22 at instructional farm Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur Chhattisgarh. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (factorial) considering 9 treatments of two factors 3 dates of sowing (D1=Nov. 10, D2=Nov. 25, D3=Dec. 10) and 3 cultivars (V1=Vaibhav, V2=JG-14 and V3=JG-16). The results reported highest deviation percentage at anthesis days was (4.8 to 10 %) and physiological maturity was (1.7 to 5.5%) for JG-16 cultivar, whereas in seed yield the highest deviation percent was (6.2 to 9%) for Vaibhav cultivar. Similarly after validation the highest deviation percentage at anthesis days was (0 to 10.7%) for JG-16, at physiological maturity (1.8 to 3.6%) for Vaibhav and in seed yield (2.4 to 9.5%) for JG-16.
Integrated Weed Management in Minor Millets: A Review
Authors: Dhaka B. K. , Anisha  , Dinesh  , Raj Rishu , Dhaka Prakriti , Kamal
Published: January 2024

Presently, agriculture is facing tremendous problem due to climate change and global warming. To ensure food and nutritional security at national level, there is an immediate need to promote the cultivation of millets as millets are considered climate smart and nature friendly crops because of high nutritive value and can withstand under warm and drought conditions with short life, low external inputs requirement, tolerance to water and temperatures stress. Ten millet crops have been declared as ‘Nutri Cereals’ which include three major millets i.e., pearl millet, sorghum and finger millet; five minor millets i.e. foxtail millet, proso millet, kodo millet, barnyard millet, little millet; and two pseudo millets i.e. kuttu (buckwheat) and amaranthus. Due to sluggish growth in initial phases of life, millets proved relatively poor competitors against weeds. Manual weeding is the most commonly adopted for weed control in millets. But the non-availability of labour and ever-increasing labour wages have compelled the farmers to seek alternate method of weed management. Herbicide use is the most viable method of weed control but their continuous and excessive use is not advisable due to its ill effects on environment and development of herbicide resistance in weeds. Very limited options are available in literature for weed control in minor millets. Thus, integrated weed management practices should be followed on site and time specific basis for effective and efficient weed management in minor millets. For integrated weed management in minor millets, 2-3 times inter-cultivation and 1-2 time hand weeding during initial 25 days after sowing in addition to pre-emergence spray with Isoproturon @ 0.5 -1.0 kg a.i./ha and post emergence spray of 2, 4-D sodium salt @ 0.75-1.0 kg a.i./ha at 20-25 days after sowing should be done for effective weed control.
Affirmation of Experimental Results on Groundnut-Based Millet Intercropping System at Farmers Field under Rainfed Condition
Authors: Kumar Naik A. H.  , Goudra Shivanand , Sumana, D. A.  , Emmiganur Kiran
Published: January 2024

The research aims to tackle the issue of low groundnut productivity in rainfed areas and low-fertility marginal lands, which is below the national average, leading to economic constraints for farmers. Millets, known for their resilience, are considered suitable for cultivation in challenging environments. Intercropping, growing multiple crops simultaneously, is recognized as an essential system to mitigate erratic climatic conditions and act as insurance against uncertainties. The experiment evaluates the productivity and profitability of an intercropping system combining groundnut and millets in a rainfed ecosystem. The goal is to provide a sustainable and economically viable option for farmers in such areas by leveraging the robustness of millets and improving agricultural outcomes and resilience to climate-related risks. A field experiment was carried out during Kharif 2017-18, 2018-19 and 2019-20 at Zonal Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station, Babbur farm, Hiriyur. An experiment was laid out with randomized complete block design (RCBD) with ten treatments and was replicated thrice. Treatments comprises of testing of sole groundnut, finger millet and foxtail millet against intercropping of groundnut with finger millet, little millet and foxtail millet at 5:2 and 6:1 row proportion. The results of pooled data indicated that significantly higher groundnut pod equivalent yield (2123 kg/ha) was recorded with Groundnut + finger millet (5:2) as compared to other treatments. However, significantly higher net returns (Rs. 58532/ha) and B:C ratio (2.55) were recorded with Groundnut + foxtail millet (6:1) as compared to other treatments.
Exploring the Incidences Behind Childhood Maltreatment in Childhood and its Association with the Prevalence of Depression and PTSD in Teenagers
Authors: Shalaby Noha
Published: January 2024

The exploration of childhood trauma and its profound impact on the mental health of teenagers has garnered increasing attention in contemporary research. This study delves into the incidences of childhood trauma and investigates its association with the prevalence of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adolescents. Childhood trauma, encompassing experiences such as abuse, neglect, or witnessing domestic violence, can imprint lasting psychological effects, particularly during the vulnerable teenage years. In a very literal sense, childhood trauma refers to highly distressing and adverse experiences that occur during an individual’s formative years, typically before the age of 18. These experiences can have profound and lasting effects on a person’s physical, emotional, and psychological well-being. Childhood trauma can have far-reaching consequences, influencing various aspects of a person’s life, including their mental health, relationships, and overall well-being. This research study involves a comprehensive examination of the prevalence of different types of childhood trauma within the teenage population, utilizing validated assessment tools and surveys. The study aims to enlist the correlation between specific traumatic experiences and the manifestation of depression and PTSD symptoms. Through this exploration, the research seeks to contribute to the growing body of knowledge surrounding the intricate interplay between adverse childhood experiences and mental health outcomes during adolescence.
Esthetic Conservative Procedures in Dentistry
Authors: Kanupriya  , Handa Aashish , Bhullar Kanwalpreet Kaur
Published: January 2024

In contemporary society, aesthetics holds significant sway in shaping an individual's identity. The prominence of one's face, especially the mouth and teeth, has intensified the attention given to dental aesthetics. Consequently, dentistry has shifted its focus from solely preventing and treating diseases toward a need-based approach centered on aesthetic enhancement. Presently, a person's smile greatly influences their aesthetic appeal, and any dental affliction jeopardizing it often leads to diminished self-esteem and this significantly affects the overall health, both physically and mentally, of the patient. It's imperative to give importance to maintaining the natural structure of teeth to ensure functional form and integrity in addition to aesthetics.

To gather pertinent information on this subject, a thorough exploration was conducted using PubMed and related reviews. This article aims to delve into both fundamental principles and recent advancements in conservative aesthetic dentistry, highlighting various treatment options for common clinical scenarios. The primary objective is to ensure patients receive optimal care and treatment.
NiO as Hole Transporting Layer for Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells: A Study of X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Authors: Nandi Pronoy , Park Hyoungmin , Shin Sooun , Lee Jin‐Wook , Kim Jin Young , Ko Min Jae , Jung Hyun Suk , Park Nam‐Gyu , Shin Hyunjung
Published: January 2024

Hygroscopic and acidic nature of organic hole transport layers (HTLs) insisted to replace it with metal oxide semiconductors due to their favorable charge carrier transport with long chemical stability. Apart from large direct bandgap and high optical transmittance, ionization energy in the range of −5.0 to −5.4 eV leads to use NiO as HTL due to good energetic matching with lead halide perovskites. Analyzing X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) data of NiO, it is speculated that p‐type conductivity is related to the NiOOH or Ni2O3 states in the structure and the electrical conductivity can be modified by altering the concentration of nickel or oxygen vacancies. However, it is difficult to separate the contribution from nonlocal screening, surface effect and the presence of vacancy induced Ni3+ ion due to very strong satellite structure in the Ni 2p XPS spectrum of NiO. Thus, an effective approach to analyze the NiO XPS spectrum is presented and the way to correlate the presence of Ni3+ with the conductivity results which will help to avoid overestimation in finding the oxygen‐rich/deficient conditions in NiO.
Causal Relationships Between Screen Use, Reading, and Brain Development in Early Adolescents
Authors: Li Mingyang , Zhao Ruoke , Dang Xixi , Xu Xinyi , Chen Ruike , Chen Yiwei , Zhang Yuqi , Zhao Zhiyong , Wu Dan
Published: January 2024

The rise of new media has greatly changed the lifestyles, leading to increased time on these platforms and less time spent reading. This shift has particularly profound impacts on early adolescents, who are in a critical stage of brain development. Previous studies have found associations between screen use and mental health, but it remains unclear whether screen use is the direct cause of the outcomes. Here, the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) dataset is utlized to examine the causal relationships between screen use and brain development. The results revealed adverse causal effects of screen use on language ability and specific behaviors in early adolescents, while reading has positive causal effects on their language ability and brain volume in the frontal and temporal regions. Interestingly, increased screen use is identified as a result, rather than a cause, of certain behaviors such as rule‐breaking and aggressive behaviors. Furthermore, the analysis uncovered an indirect influence of screen use, mediated by changes in reading habits, on brain development. These findings provide new evidence for the causal influences of screen use on brain development and highlight the importance of monitoring media use and related habit change in children.
Feasibility of engineered Bacillus subtilis for use as a microbiome‐based topical drug delivery platform
Authors: Montgomery Veronica A. , Wood‐Yang Amy J. , Styczynski Mark P. , Prausnitz Mark R.
Published: January 2024

Non‐adherence to medication is a major challenge in healthcare that results in worsened treatment outcomes for patients. Reducing the frequency of required administrations could improve adherence but is challenging for topical drug delivery due to the generally short residence time of topical formulations on the skin. In this study, we sought to determine the feasibility of developing a microbiome‐based, long‐acting, topical delivery platform using Bacillus subtilis for drug production and delivery on the skin, which was assessed using green fluorescent protein as a model heterologous protein for delivery. We developed a computational model of bacteria population dynamics on the skin and used its qualitative predictions to guide experimental design choices. Using an ex vivo pig skin model and a human skin tissue culture model, we saw persistence of delivered bacteria for multiple days and observed little evidence of cytotoxicity to human keratinocyte cells in vitro. Finally, using an in vivo mouse model, we found that the delivered bacteria persisted on the skin for at least 1 day during every‐other‐day application and did not appear to present safety concerns. Taken together, our results support the feasibility of using engineered B. subtilis for topical drug delivery.
Investigation of the Chemisorption‐Catalysis Behavior of Sulfur Species on the Electrocatalysts Designed by Co‐regulation Strategy of Anions and Cations
Authors: Zhang Qian , Liu Jie
Published: January 2024

Li‐S batteries possess high energy density and have been one of the most promising energy storage systems. For sulfur cathodes, the electrochemical performance is still seriously hindered by the polysulfide shuttling and sluggish conversion kinetics. It has been demonstrated to be one effective strategy to address the above issues via designing electrocatalysts with robust affinity and catalytic capacity towards polysulfides. However, it is still a great challenge to rapidly and economically discover high‐performance electrocatalysts. Herein, using density functional theory calculation, we studied the chemisorption‐catalysis behavior of sulfur species on a series of electrocatalysts (MCo2X4, M=Co, Zn, Cu, Ni, Fe, and Mn, X=O, S, and Se) to assess the effect of the anions and cations co‐regulation on their electronic structure, chemisorption behavior, and catalytic property. FeCo2Se4 and CuCo2Se4 combined appropriate chemisorption with superior electronic conductivity and sulfur reduction catalytic capacity have been predicted as novel electrocatalysts for high‐performance Li‐S batteries. This study gives theoretical guidance for rapid discovery of high‐efficient electrocatalyst to boost the electrochemical performance of sulfur cathodes.
Main Group Analogs of Dichalcogeniranes
Authors: Saito Masaichi , Tokitoh Norihiro , Okazaki Renji
Published: January 2024

This Mini Review highlights recent advances in the preparation of main group analogs of dichalcogeniranes. The three–membered ring compounds are an intriguing class of compounds in terms of their strained structures and high reactivity. As for three–membered rings composed of a carbon and two group 16 atoms, dioxiranes have long been utilized as oxidants, while some dithiiranes have been synthesized. In contrast, diselenirane and ditellurirane remain elusive. On the other hand, the chemistry of three–membered rings consisting of a non–carbon main group atom and two group 16 atoms has recently gained significant track. These emerging three–membered ring compounds were characterized by X‐ray diffraction analysis on many occasions, revealing unique molecular structures with very long chalcogen–chalcogen single–bond distances in some cases. A common reactivity is dechalcogenation reactions using phosphine reagents, which provide access to the corresponding double‐bonded compounds. This minireview covers recent advances in the synthesis of main group analogs of dioxirane, dithiirane, diselenirane, and even ditellurirane.
Whole‐body motion planning and tracking of a mobile robot with a gimbal RGB‐D camera for outdoor 3D exploration
Authors: Wang Zhihao , Chen Haoyao , Fu Mengmeng
Published: January 2024

Autonomous exploration is a fundamental problem for certain applications of unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs). Depth cameras are widely used in exploring indoor and specific outdoor environments. However, existing methods suffer from inefficient and unstable performance of exploration in open outdoor environments. This study develops a framework to achieve fast and robust three‐dimensional exploration by UGVs with a gimbal camera in challenging outdoor environments. A hierarchical reactive planning approach based on a multilayered map is proposed to improve exploration efficiency. Additionally, an adaptive semantic mapping algorithm is proposed to more accurately and stably represent the environmental localization uncertainty. Localization uncertainty is integrated into the planning approach to decrease odometry drift and prevent localization failure, further enhancing the exploration robustness. A viewpoint tracking controller based on terrain‐aware model predictive control is proposed to guarantee the accuracy of the planned viewpoint tracking and to further improve the robustness of localization and exploration on rough terrains. Finally, several physical‐engine simulations and experiments in outdoor environments are performed. The comparisons to existing state‐of‐the‐art approaches have verified the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The code of our system will be available at https://github.com/HITSZ-NRSL/Open3DExplorer.git.
Multi-constellation GNSS interferometric reflectometry for tidal analysis: mitigations for K1 and K2 biases due to GPS geometrical errors
Authors: Peng Dongju , Lin Yunung Nina , Lee Jui-Chi , Su Hsuan-Han , Hill Emma M.
Published: January 2024

It has been observed that when using sea levels derived from GPS (Global Positioning System) signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) data to perform tidal analysis, the luni-solar semidiurnal (K2) and the luni-solar diurnal (K1) constituents are biased due to geometrical errors in the reflection data, which result from their periods coinciding with the GPS orbital period and revisit period. In this work, we use 18 months of GNSS SNR data from multiple frequencies and multiple constellations at three sites to further investigate the biases and how to mitigate them. We first estimate sea levels using SNR data from the GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo signals, both individually and by combination. Secondly, we conduct tidal harmonic analysis using these sea-level estimates. By comparing the eight major tidal constituents estimated from SNR data with those estimated from the co-located tide-gauge records, we find that the biases in the K1 and K2 amplitudes from GPS S1C, S2X and S5X SNR data can reach 5 cm, and they can be mitigated by supplementing GLONASS- and Galileo-based sea-level estimates. With a proper combination of sea-level estimates from GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo, SNR-based tidal constituents can reach agreement at the millimeter level with those from tide gauges.
The multilevel society of proboscis monkeys with a possible patrilineal basis
Authors: Matsuda Ikki , Murai Tadahiro , Grueter Cyril C. , Tuuga Augustine , Goossens Benoit , Bernard Henry , Yahya Nurhartini Kamalia , Orozco-terWengel Pablo , Salgado-Lynn Milena
Published: January 2024

Multilevel societies (MLS), which are characterized by two or more levels of social organization, are among the most complex primate social systems. MLS have only been recorded in a limited number of primates, including humans. The aim of this study was to investigate whether proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus) form MLS in Sabah, Malaysia, and to genetically characterize their dispersal patterns. Association data were obtained through direct observation (35 months) and kinship data through genetic analysis, based on feces collected from ~ 200 individuals. The results strongly suggest that proboscis monkeys exhibit a form of MLS, with several core reproductive units and a bachelor group woven together into a higher-level band. Genetic analysis revealed that the females migrated randomly over short and long distances; however, the males tended to migrate relatively shorter distances than females. Furthermore, male-male dyads showed a slightly higher average relatedness than female-female dyads. Combined with the results of direct observations, we conclude that proboscis monkeys form MLS with at least two layers and a patrilineal basis. Since patrilineal MLS have been identified as an important step in the evolution of human societies, their convergent appearance in proboscis monkeys may help us understand the drivers of human social evolution.

Significance statement

The aim of this study was to determine the social organization of proboscis monkeys by direct observation and genetic analysis. The results revealed that their social system exhibited a form of multilevel society with a possible patrilineal basis. Since humans exhibit a similar constellation of social features, proboscis monkeys may offer insightful clues about human social evolution.