bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El arte religioso en Ecuador: connotaciones del bien y del mal
Authors: Torres-Castillo René Miguel
Published: January 2025

El presente texto propone un acercamiento a la simbología presente en las pinturas religiosas de Ecuador. Para este trabajo se han tomado como ejemplo dos pinturas religiosas que tienen como temática principal el infierno y el juicio final, ubicadas en la Iglesia Matriz de Zaruma y en la Iglesia de la Compañía en Quito. El objetivo de este trabajo es generar una línea de análisis comparativo de los elementos y temáticas fundamentales que se encuentran presentes en estas dos pinturas. Además, se pretende establecer las conexiones a través de los relatos bíblicos, para identificar las características fantástico-mitológicas, y cómo estas se han convertido en símbolos de la cultura cristiana. Desde esta perspectiva, el trabajo se complementará con una narrativa e interpretación de los símbolos y conceptos que se pueden obtener en cada pintura, basado en un estudio iconográfico para, de esta manera, definir los puntos de contacto entre las obras y cómo estos se convierten en un símbolo recurrente dentro de cada contexto cultural.
modelo pedagógico desarrollador cubano y la experiencia del ciclo conferencia-seminario-clase práctica en Historia del Arte
Authors: Moya Méndez Misael
Published: January 2025

A partir del resumen de un texto base, originalmente extenso y de carácter autoetnográfico, se caracteriza y describe el modelo pedagógico cubano, como resultado de respuestas individuales y flexibles a un contexto con especificidades dentro de América Latina; y se testimonia la implementación del ciclo conferencia-seminario-clase práctica en la disciplina de Historia del Arte, desde su potencial desarrollador, resultado de su apertura a toda teoría de aprendizaje y estrategia didáctica, implementadas solidariamente.
Una pedagogía crítica para el tratamiento de la Cultura Visual Disney
Authors: Monleón Oliva Vicente
Published: January 2025

La influencia de la imagen a través de los audiovisuales de animación es notable en el desarrollo integral del alumnado. Por ello, desde la Educación Artística se anima a promover propuestas didácticas basadas en la pedagogía crítica para visibilizar el espectro no normativo de la sociedad. Se analiza críticamente el discurso fílmico de películas de la colección “Los clásicos” Disney con una metodología cualitativa, y se establece una serie de largometrajes que dificultan el reconocimiento de la diversidad religiosa. A partir de estos, se genera una intervención con alumnado de Educación Primaria de diversas edades en el ámbito de las actividades extraescolares para promover una reflexión en el colectivo discente sobre los mensajes visuales que asimila en su cotidianidad. Se concluye acerca de la importancia de generar propuestas didácticas que contribuyan a la alfabetización audiovisual del alumnado.
Mejorar la comprensión de las artes literarias y la motivación lectora en escuelas rurales unidocentes de Ecuador
Authors: Pillacela Chin Luisa , Crespo Fajardo José Luis , Cazar Almache Fabián Eduardo
Published: January 2025

En Ecuador, las escuelas rurales unidocentes, habitualmente ubicadas en comunidades aisladas, presentan particularidades que redundan en el rendimiento del alumnado, en la tasa de abandono y discontinuidad de sus estudios. Estas escuelas suelen carecer de una adecuada provisión de medios, el docente debe simultanear contenidos y diversificar planificaciones entre distintos niveles escolares, y los niños a menudo viven problemas socioeconómicos (emigración parental y desatención tutorial, carencia de perspectivas de futuro profesional y académico). Se revisan aquí propuestas de mejora de la comprensión de las artes literarias y la motivación lectora para posibles intervenciones educativas. Se apuntan lineamientos básicos para efectuar programas que fomenten lo cognitivo y motivacional de la comprensión, que se enfoquen en actividades didácticas y lecturas motivacionales y resilientes para hacer surgir en los niños la inquietud por la lectura, que se mitigue el abandono y se promocione el estudio tras la educación primaria.
Whatsapp-Based Online Learning on Social Science Subjects for Fifth-Grade Students in MIN 9 Hulu Sungai Selatan
Authors: Hidayati Noor
Published: January 2025

The current situation due to the covid-19 pandemic has forced all parties with various considerations to issue a policy. One of them is closing schools by replacing face-to-face with online learning. The purpose of the study was to determine whatsapp-based online learning in Social Studies subjects Class V at MIN 9 Hulu Sungai Selatan as well as the supporting and inhibiting factors of learning. Data collection techniques using in-depth interviews and documentation. Furthermore, it was analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The results of this study indicate that whatsapp-based online learning in social studies subject class V at MIN 9 Hulu Sungai Selatan has been running smoothly, it can be seen through the planning, implementation and evaluation stages of learning. Planning with the teacher to make an appropriate lesson plan. The implementation of learning begins with preliminary, core and closing activities. Learning evaluation is carried out through post-test either with assignments or tests. Supporting factors are efficient quotas, mastery of teacher technology and coordination of teachers and parents. The inhibiting factors for the unstable internet network, limited mastery of technology owned by parents, the difficulty of controlling in following lessons make teachers less aware of which students already understand and do not understand.
Apropriação de discursos religiosos: do poder político à influência digital
Authors: Martins Tatiana , Borin Marta Rosa
Published: January 2025

O presente ensaio apresentará um estudo comparativo entre o grupo The Family, organização  que surge nos Estados Unidos em 1935 a qual reúne líderes de diferentes países e de diferentes crenças, e personalidades intituladas “pastores digitais”, mais precisamente os pentecostais, visando investigar a adaptação contemporânea do discurso fundamentalista religioso ao ambiente digital. No cenário atual, com as mudanças das dinâmicas sociais e o espaço ocupado pelas tecnologias digitais, esse modelo de controle simbólico foi ressignificado. O artigo explora como esses discursos religiosos são reconfigurados e adaptados às lógicas da internet, contudo, mantendo sua função central de exercer influência política e social sobre as massas, através de determinadas personalidades que apropriam-se de discursos religiosos, como a teologia da prosperidade e do domínio, integrando-os a práticas de coaching motivacional. Essa mescla resulta no que alguns estudos identificam como “teologia coaching”, uma abordagem que utiliza a fé como base para promover o sucesso pessoal e espiritual dos indivíduos, atraindo milhões de seguidores nas plataformas digitais. A análise traça um paralelo entre as estratégias de dominação e controle simbólico assumidas por The Family e as adotadas por figuras contemporâneas no ambiente digital, demonstrando como o poder simbólico no campo religioso é rearticulado para os tempos atuais.
La fonction sémantique de toujours
Authors:   Société d’Etudes Franco-coréennes, LEE Hyungseok
Published: January 2025

Le but de ce travail est de clarifier la fonction sémantique de toujours. Malgré de nombreuses recherches et discussions, la tendance linguistique est de distinguer toujours en fonction de sa valeur temporelle et de sa valeur argumentative. Nous avons donc examiné et comparé les différentes approches théoriques préexistantes sur toujours, afin de vérifier ses valeurs temporelle et argumentative et de dégager une signification capable d’englober tous ses emplois. Ce faisant, nous avons d’abord constaté des points de divergence ou de contradiction entre les approches, bien que les explications des linguistes soient convaincantes à leur manière. Ensuite, nous avons observé que la continuité temporelle est la notion principale de toujours, et que cette notion devient abstraite dans les emplois argumentatifs pour désigner le maintien du jugement. La raison pour laquelle toujours met en avant la continuité est qu'il existe des facteurs qui viennent la perturber. Ainsi, la fonction sémantique de toujours est d’accentuer la continuité, en dépit des obstacles qui la perturbent.
Teias e tramas entre política e mídia no combate à corrupção no Brasil
Authors: Bretas Carlos Renan Moreira , Costa Maria Alice Nunes
Published: January 2025

Este artigo propõe uma abordagem interdisciplinar entre a Sociologia do Direito, a Ciência Política e a Comunicação Social, analisando como se deu a relação entre mídia e política no combate à corrupção durante a Operação Lava Jato. Analisamos como a mídia contribuiu para construir e desconstruir narrativas de corrupção, influenciando diretamente a opinião pública e o campo político. Aplicamos um método descritivo e analítico composto por coleta de dados e revisão de literatura. Os resultados encontrados indicam que a mídia foi a principal ferramenta de divulgação dos resultados da Operação, inserindo no cenário político as autoridades responsáveis pelas investigações e processos judiciais da Lava Jato. O protagonismo assumido pelos agentes e instituições públicas na mídia foi capaz de direcionar a opinião pública contra os políticos envolvidos, influenciando o resultado das eleições de 2018. Por outro lado, em um contexto de propagação de escândalos político-midiáticos, a ampla cobertura midiática dos escândalos de corrupção investigados pela Operação Lava Jato foi responsável por ofuscar a percepção da sociedade sobre outros problemas do país, de forma semelhante ao ocorrido em outros países.
Ideologia Paralela
Authors: Fernandes Carla Montuori , Demuru Paolo , Silva Andrade Maria Estela
Published: January 2025

O presente artigo busca realizar uma análise da recepção de temas, figuras e atores discursivos em uma audiência majoritária de extrema-direita nos comentários do vídeo Geração sem Gênero na plataforma de vídeos YouTube. A estrutura do trabalho abarca a contextualização da questão de gênero no cenário das guerras culturais correntes no Brasil, a construção metodológica, que compreende extração de dados por meio da ferramenta YouTube Data Tools e análise baseada na semiótica narrativa de Greimas, e ainda considerações que apontam para autovitimização e confusões por parte do espectador médio conservador entre os conceitos de gênero, sexo biológico e sexualidade.
Crônicas de dois tempos
Authors: Reis Kaippe Arnon Silva , Coimbra Ana Luisa de Castro
Published: January 2025

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar a representação da comunidade LGBT na primeira e na quarta minisséries do universo Crônicas de San Francisco, ambas baseadas nos escritos do autor Armistead Maupin e lançadas, respectivamente, em 1993 e 2019. O sujeito de ambos os microuniversos aqui estudados é Mary Ann Singleton, uma jovem branca e hétero, de Cleveland, que lida com uma São Francisco repleta de pessoas LGBTs e feministas, todas num espectro progressista de liberdade dos corpos. Também é comum nas narrativas a presença de cenas de choque cultural entre protagonista e coadjuvantes. Para realizar esta análise foi utilizado o método de leitura crítica dos textos midiáticos proposto por Kellner tendo como escopo teórico os Estudos Culturais, os Estudos Queer e os Estudos de Gênero. A análise do universo narrativo Crônicas de San Francisco nos possibilitou compreender a mudança representacional que aconteceu num intervalo de quase 25 anos. A partir desta análise, constatou-se que, se na primeira minissérie retratar homens gays brancos e uma personagem central trans parecia ser suficientemente disruptivo, nos anos 2010, para evocar diversidade foi necessário não apenas multiplicar as identidades desviantes como também pensar em um quase infinito número de interseccionalidades para que se pudesse dizer que o programa é diverso – com pessoas com deficiência, casais interraciais, pessoas vivendo com HIV e pessoas de diferentes localidades, cores e corpos.
tamanho do self, problemas não resolvidos na biosemiótica e o sentido da ciência
Authors: Viana Arthur Walber
Published: January 2025

Entrevista com o biosemioticista Kalevi Kull, herdeiro do legado da Escola de Tartu-Moscou – berço do que se convencionou chamar Semiótica da Cultura. Entre os tópicos abordados, estão problemas atuais enfrentados pela biosemiótica como, por exemplo, a produção de um modelo básico de semiose que possa ser aceito pelas diferentes vertentes de estudos semióticos; e a proposta de uma semiótica fundamentada no conceito de Umwelt, mais que no de signo. Há, ainda, uma discussão sobre simbioses, sustentabilidade de sistemas semióticos e crise ambiental, e o papel da semiótica nesse tipo de debate contemporâneo.
O juízo do belo
Authors: García-Encinas María José
Published: January 2025

A análise kantiana do juízo do belo nos deixou com um sentimento incrível, uma forma de experiência que, sendo universal e a priori, é ao mesmo tempo não conceitual e singular em relação às formas transcendentais. Pretendo revitalizar essa forma única de experiência e argumentar que, para Kant, seu caráter não conceitual não implica que seu objeto seja ideal. Em vez disso, o argumento de Kant abre caminho para uma forma de experiência, de intuição, de estruturas transcendentais formais da realidade. Acredito que isso seja uma boa notícia para qualquer metafísica em busca de uma possível epistemologia da modalidade do mundo.
A Teodiceia de Christian Wolff
Authors: Stobbe Emanuel Lanzini
Published: January 2025

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a teodiceia de Christian Wolff. Ainda que a filosofia de Wolff muitas vezes continue a ser comumente atrelada à filosofia de Leibniz, o filósofo de Breslau não apresenta uma teoria explicitamente chamada de “teodiceia”, como o fizera o filósofo de Leipzig. Entretanto, podemos encontrar todos os elementos de uma tal teoria ao observarmos atentamente sua metafísica e sua filosofia prática. Neste artigo, retomaremos argumentos-chave de Wolff presentes em sua Deutsche Metaphysik. Na primeira seção, consideramos o conceito de Deus e Seus atributos divinos; na segunda seção, discutimos o problema da aparente existência do mal no mundo; e, na terceira seção, trataremos da liberdade humana e do nexo entre agir humano e beatitude.
Proving the Resonance of DO, RE, MI, FA, SOL, LA, SI, High DO Tones by Comparing Frequency of Sound Produced by Wine Glasses
Authors: Ramadhani Hanifah Asma , Syamra Fifi Mufida , Melati Bunga Chinta , Pasaribu Ibrahim Farisya , Kusumah Fuji Hernawati
Published: January 2025

Due to the lack of standard laboratory facilities in many schools in Indonesia, the researcher created a simple musical instrument based on the concept of sound physics. The research was to prove the phenomenon of ‘resonance’ with the frequency comparison of the sound from ‘wine glasses’. Eight identical glasses filled with water at different heights to produce the do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si, and do. The results showed the longer the air column, the higher the frequency of the sound produced. The sound produced by the glasses filled with less water was louder than the glasses filled with more water. This happened because of the resonance between the sound waves produced by the glasses and the sound waves propagating in the tube. Thus, it was following the theory. It could be used in the laboratory. As suggested, the researcher used tall and straight wine glasses to make it easier.
Adolescent Experiences and their Views on Social Values Related to the Phenomenon of Verbal Sexual Harassment “Catcalling”: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Etrawati Fenny , NurSyifa Nada , Yuliantari Devy
Published: January 2025

Background: Verbal sexual harassment, “catcalling,” has been experienced by many adolescents. In 2018, the National Study on Sexual Harassment and Assault released that 38% of men and 77% of women aged 18 years and above had experienced verbal sexual harassment. Victims' experiences are often ignored because society perceives them as catcalling, not abuse. Objectives: This study aims to identify the experiences and views of adolescents regarding social values related to verbal sexual harassment otherwise known as “catcalling”. Methods: Researchers used a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design which was conducted in March 2022. The sample was selected using a purposive sampling technique involving 26 informants aged 12-23. The key informants comprised eight victims, two perpetrators, and sixteen non-victims. Meanwhile, expert key informants were the Head of WCC Palembang Companion, the Head of the Women's Protection Division at the Palembang PPPAPM Office and the Head of the Division for Prevention of Bullying and Sexual Violence on Campus. Results: The results indicate that most informants know about catcalling. However, it is often underestimated because it has become common, and there are no sanctions for the perpetrators. Generally, catcalling occurs in crowded places such as roadsides and men's hangouts. Catcalling is usually done by strangers, especially to women for fun, and society tends to negatively stigmatize victims. Conclusions: It is hoped that those around the victim can provide positive support. In addition, the government and educational institutions need to increase education and establish clear regulations to prevent sexual harassment, including catcalling.
Designing a Pocket Book to Support Healthy Living in Islamic Boarding School Communities
Authors: Sari Puspita , Helmi Suryani Nasution  , Marta Butar Butar  , Solihin Sayuti
Published: January 2025

Background: One of the efforts to prevent health problems in students in Islamic boarding schools is by building awareness to carry out clean and healthy living behavior (PHBS). Efforts to introduce and improve students' knowledge can be done by using health education media in the form of pocket books. Objective: To produce a PHBS pocket book for students in Islamic boarding schools. Methods: This study uses the RnD approach based on the ADDIE Model (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The media was validated by expert media validators, language experts, public health practitioners, agency validators, and students in grades X and XI of the Ar-Rahman Islamic Boarding School. Data collection used literature studies and data were analyzed manually. Results: The development of the PHBS pocket book in Islamic Boarding Schools began with identifying potential problems and, collecting data, and information. Product design creation using the Ibis Paint X application. The product obtained validation results, namely media experts of 96% (very feasible), language experts of 92% (very feasible), public health practitioners of 99% (very feasible), validation of institutions consisting of teachers of 100% (very feasible). After receiving suggestions and comments from the validator, the product was then revised. Then the results of the product trial on the participant group were 88% (very feasible) Conclusion: The PHBS pocket book in Islamic Boarding Schools can be used as a health education media with a very feasible feasibility test. Suggestion: Pocket books can be digitized based on Android.
Edutainment as a Preventive Tool for Adolescent Risk Behavior: A Systematic Analysis of HIV/AIDS Education Strategies
Authors: Salsabilla Nendy Putra , Sulistyowati Muji , Oktaviana Riska , Astuti Aldiella Ayu Prasetya , Pambudi Tesalonika Arina
Published: January 2025

Background: Adolescent engagement in risky sexual behaviors, such as early sexual initiation, presents a pressing global public health concern that impacts adolescents’ physical and mental health and may influence their prospects. These behaviors increase risks of HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, and unintended pregnancies, which can limit opportunities and affect life trajectories. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), adolescents represent around 20% of the global population, with the majority living in developing nations where resources for education and prevention are often limited. Data from Indonesia’s National Population and Family Planning Board (BKKBN) highlights this challenge, with 60% of adolescents aged 16–17, 20% aged 14–15, and 20% aged 19–20 reporting sexual activity. Objectives: This systematic review investigates the effectiveness of edutainment—a strategy combining education with entertainment—in reducing risky sexual behaviors among adolescents by preventing HIV/AIDS and promoting informed decision-making. Methods: Literature from 2014–2024 was gathered using Proquest, Google Scholar, PubMed, Elsevier, and Web of Science, with keywords including "edutainment," "prevention of casual sex," "adolescent sex education," and "sex education programs. Results: Findings indicate that edutainment approaches—utilizing interactive play and educational activities—effectively enhance adolescent and parental awareness of the risks associated with free sex and strengthen adolescent skills in self-protection and resisting inappropriate advances. Conclusion: The edutainment-based intervention model is a promising strategy for preventing risky sexual behaviors among adolescents, promoting health-conscious decision-making, and fostering protective skills.
NON-HORMONAL MALE CONTRACEPTIVES: A PROMISING PHARMACOLOGICAL ALTERNATIVE
Authors: De Medeiros Pereira Leonardo , Santos Taides , Silva Emilly , Costa Isadora , Silva Wellinton
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION: The need to diversify the contraceptive methods usually used, due to the side effects resulting from their administration, is widely discussed. As male contraceptives are generally analogues of endogenous hormones1,  the development of medications with milder side effects and reversible contraceptive efficacy has become necessary1,2,3,4. The pharmaceutical industry has therefore begun experimental research into enzymes and peptides that can inhibit the mechanisms of spermatogenesis or prevent fertilization without endocrine alterations1.  OBJECTIVE: To present an overview of non-hormonal male contraceptives. METHODS: A qualitative and quantitative descriptive study was carried out, based on a search for scientific productions in the BVS and PubMed databases. To this end, the descriptors “Contraceptive Agents”, “Male”, “Serine Proteases” and “Serine Kinases” articulated by the Boolean operators “AND” and “OR” were used to filter out studies with the desired characteristics. In addition, the inclusion criteria were the length of time the articles had been written, up to five years, and the language used: English or Portuguese. A total of 36 studies were found. By analyzing the titles and abstracts of the texts, exclusion criteria were applied: duplicate, incomplete or disconnected articles were excluded. From this, 9 articles were selected for full reading and preparation of this review. RESULTS: The studies analyzed confirm that the use of hormonal contraceptive methods has major harmful effects¹. As non-hormonal male methods are still in the process of research and development, they have little uptake and are not in demand4. From this perspective, the main mechanisms of action of drugs with this objective are that they inhibit the activity of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), which is essential for semen liquefaction prior to fertilization2,3; protein kinase anchor 4, crucial for sperm motility4; serine/threonine kinase 33 (STK33)5 or testis-specific serine/threonine kinase 2 (TSSK2)1, both critical for spermatogenesis. DISCUSSION: The identified drugs represent alternative mechanisms for male contraception which, although still undergoing testing, are promising technologies for avoiding the side effects of hormone-based medications1, such as weight gain, decreased sexual performance, and mood changes2. These factors are essential for increasing adherence to these medications, despite their current limited availability on the market4,1. CONCLUSION: As analyzed, studies and experiments involving innovative contraceptive medications are on the rise. Considering that this is a field still undergoing refinement, eliminating dependence on hormonal or surgical methods relies on the continuation of ongoing research and the emergence of new, even more innovative studies.
MECHANISMS OF FUNGAL RESISTANCE IN CANDIDA SPECIES AND THEIR GLOBAL IMPACT
Authors: De Medeiros Pereira Leonardo , Santos Taides , Lino Ivan , Pitombeira Juan , Silva Pablo
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION: Most hospital-acquired infections are caused by Candida fungal species. Currently, infections stemming from various species of this fungus affect over 250,000 people annually, with mortality exceeding 50,000 individuals¹. OBJECTIVE: To examine the resistance mechanisms in Candida species and assess their worldwide impact. METHODS: This study employed a descriptive approach combining qualitative and quantitative analyses through a bibliographic review in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The search utilized the descriptors “resistance Candida”, “Candida”, “Candida antifungal resistance”, and “resistência cândida”. Seven articles — six international and one national — focused on fungal resistance were selected based on the eligibility criteria of being scientific studies published within the last five years. RESULTS: A significant increase in infections caused by various Candida species was observed¹. In the field of molecular biology, fungal resistance to antifungal agents is predominantly linked to several mechanisms, the most notable being resistance to azoles1,2,4, echinocandins1,2, and polyenes5. This resistance is driven by key adaptive mechanisms in these pathogens, including: overexpression of active sites, biofilm formation—particularly mature biofilms known as extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)6, alterations in the target enzyme lanosterol 14α-demethylase5,6, mutations in the FKS gene², and dysregulated expression of efflux pump-encoding genes (CDR1, CDR2, MDR1, and MDR2)5,6. Moreover, mutations in the ERG2, ERG3, ERG6, and ERG112,3,5 genes have been identified as contributors. These factors, whether acting independently or synergistically, present significant challenges in the treatment of Candida infections. DISCUSSION: Nosocomial infections caused by various Candida species have shown a global increase in incidence and prevalence. Species of the genus Candida represent a significant global health concern due to the emergence of new resistant strains and the presence of species better adapted to antifungal agents. This trend makes these infections challenging to treat, as resistance mechanisms may occur individually or in combination6. Consequently, there is an intrinsic relationship between the genomic plasticity of this fungal genus and the accumulation of mutations that contribute to fungal resistance2,3,5. CONCLUSION: Hospital-acquired infections caused by Candida are on the rise, exhibiting resistance mechanisms that complicate treatment. Advancing research into new therapies and raising awareness about the appropriate use of antifungal agents are crucial steps to effectively combat these infections and improve clinical outcomes.
Analisis Kadar Asiditas dan Alkalinitas pada Saluran Drainase Primer Pengeringan IV Bukit Keminting Kota Palangka Raya, Kalimantan Tengah
Authors: Hakim Muh. Supwatul , Hermayantiningsih Dwi , Dewi Syahrani Riana , Andhita Naswa Ayu , Tantri  , Krissilvio Eka Jhonatan
Published: January 2025

Air merupakan sumber daya alam yang sangat penting bagi kelangsungan hidup manusia. Sumber daya air harus dilindungi agar manusia dan makhluk hidup lainnya dapat memanfaatkannya dengan baik. Air sungai yang keluar dari mata air biasanya mempunyai kualitas yang sangat baik. Namun dalam proses pengalirannya air tersebut akan menerima berbagai macam bahan pencemar. Terutama pada saluran drainase primer pengeringan IV Bukit Keminting Kelurahan Palangka, Kecamatan Jekan Raya, Kota Palangka Raya. Pencemar tersebut berupa limbah domestik yang berasal dari aktivitas penduduk dan perumahan penduduk yang membuang limbah ke sungai tanpa pengolahan terlebih dahulu, padahal mayoritas warga yang bermukim disekitar drainase masih memanfaatkan air tersebut. Oleh karena itu dilakukan pengujian kadar asiditas dan alkalinitas di sekitar saluran drainase. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di sepanjang aliran drainase dan ditentukan kadarnya dengan menggunakan metode titrasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata asiditas sebesar 35 mg/L. Berdasarkan PERMENKES No. 416/MEN.KES/PER/IX/1990, asiditas sampel masih memenuhi baku mutu air bersih. Sedangkan untuk kadar alkalinitas rata-rata sebesar 980 mg/L telah melebihi baku mutu air menurut Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 82 Tahun 2001 Tentang Pengelolaan Kualitas Air dan Pengendalian Pencemaran Air.
Kata kunci: asiditas, alkalinitas, baku mutu air.
Optimization of Extraction Manganese and Zinc in Sulfide Minerals with Dithizone Extract in Chloroform Solvent
Authors: Landi Pote Lodowik , Nadut Anggelinus
Published: January 2025

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang optimalisasi ekstraksi mangan dan seng dalam mineral sulfida dengan ekstraktan ditizon dalam pelarut kloroform. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mengetahui pH optimum dan konsentrasi optimum ekstraktan ditizon serta kandungan Mn dan Zn dalam mineral sulfida dengan ekstraktan ditizon dalam pelarut kloroform secara spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Optimasi pH pada ekstraksi logam Mn dan Zn dilakukan pada pH 2-13, sedangkan optimasi konsentrasi ditizon pada ekstraksi logam Mn dan Zn pada konsentrasi ditizon 10-6 sampai 10-2 M dan analisis kandungan Mn dan Zn dalam mineral sulfida dengan ekstraktan ditizon dalam pelarut kloroform secara spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstraksi Mn dan Zn optimum pada pH 11 dan 8, Konsentrasi ditizon 0,01 M untuk ekstraksi Mn dan Zn. Kandungan Mn dan Zn dalam Mineral Sulfida adalah adalah 5586,34 µg/g untuk Mn, dan 1221,88 µg/g untuk Zn.
Formulasi Sediaan Nanoemulsi Ekstrak Daun Jambu Biji (Psidium Guajava L.) Sebagai Bahan Aktif Pembuatan Serum Antioksidan
Authors: SHAFA ARIFAH ZHAFIRAH , Noor Fitri
Published: January 2025

This research had been carried out on the formulation of guava leaf extract nanoemulsion as an active ingredient of antioxidant serum. The steps of this research include: (1) extraction by maceration; (2) Characterization and identification of extracts include phytochemical test, DPPH test, shear reagent test, and identification of compounds using LC-MS/MS; (2) formulation of nanoemulsion using Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) method; (4) Nanoemulsion testing: stability test, antioxidant activity test using DPPH method, and irritation test, (5) nanoemulsion characterization which includes particle size, transmittance, pH, and viscosity. The results showed that: (1) the extract yields of the maceration method were 15,048%; (2) antioxidant compounds in Guava leaf extract were Candidate Mass C35H42O9, Candidate Mass C26H48O15, Candidate Mass C34H40O9, quercetin dan quercetin-3-O-α-L- arabinopyranoside; The IC50 of the macerated extract were 59,771 ± 1,357 ppm; (3) Nanoemulsions were made in 3 formulas (0.5; 1; and 1,5 g) with fixed variables of capryol 90, tween 20, and PEG 400 (1,5; 2,5; and 1); (4) stability test showed that only F1 was stable; the IC50 value of nanoemulsion is 509,039 ppm; and the F1 irritation test showed no erythema and edema; (5) The particle size of F1 was 168,2 nm with a transmittance value of 96,10%, a pH of 5,45, and a viscosity of 73,88 cP. So that the preparation of guava leaf extract nanoemulsion is not recommended as an active ingredient for making antioxidant serum.
 
Keywords : Guava Leaf, Nanoemulsion, Antioxidant, Serum, SNEDDS
Pengembangan Metode Sensor Kolorimetri berbasis Nanopartikel Emas untuk Deteksi Dini Penyakit Kanker
Authors: Badi'ah Hanim Istatik , Qomariyah Ani
Published: January 2025

Sensor kolorimetri berbasis nanopartikel emas (AuNp) telah berhasil dikembangkan untuk deteksi asam sialat yang merupakan salah satu biomarker penyakit kanker. Sensor ini didasarkan pada adanya perubahan warna pada larutan AuNp ketika bereaksi dengan asam dialat dan merupakan hasil pengembangan metode yang lebih sederhana, cepat dan ekonomis untuk deteksi dini dan monitoring kanker. Metode sintesis AuNp dilakukan dengan metode reduksi dan dilakukan karakterisasi menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis dan PSA. Beberapa optimasi dilakukan untuk mendapatkan AuNp dengan kondisi terbaik sebagai sensor kolorimetri untuk deteksi asam sialat. Hasil optimasi sintesis AuNp dengan variasi konsentrasi HAuCl4 didapatkan ukuran terkecil 17,25 nm dengan konsentrasi HauCl4 yang digunakan 1 mM. Waktu pengadukan optimum adalah selama 10 menit dengan hasil ukuran AuNp 17,05 nm. Sensor kolorimetri AuNp mengalami perubahan warna dari merah anggur menjadi ungu ketika bereaksi dengan asam sialat. Hasil dari validasi metode yang dilakukan didapatkan nilai sensitivitas 0,2212, nilai LOD 0,21 mM, LOQ 0,68 mM, rentang nilai akurasi 94,72-106,66 % dan % KV yaitu <0,97.
Initiation of Z-fract Formula as a Bio-additive for Industrial Machine Efficiency Inisiasi Z-fract Formula sebagai Bio-aditif Efisiensi Mesin Industri
Authors: Fitri Noor , Mauludiyah Riskiyatul , Sukri Qomarudin , Syahputra Rahmat , Nurhuddah Ika Ila
Published: January 2025

Sejak awal revolusi industri, bahan bakar minyak (BBM) telah menjadi sumber utama energi. Di Indonesia, konsumsi BBM meningkat 10 persen pada tahun 2016 yaitu 48,6 juta m3/tahun dibanding tahun 2015. Akan tetapi, peningkatan konsumsi bahan bakar tidak imbangi dengan peningkatan cadangan minyak bumi di Indonesia, yang diperkirakan akan habis pada 2050. Keterbatasan BBM, isu pemanasan global, dan masalah pencemaran lingkungan, telah mengarah pada penelitian mendalam mengenai penggunaan bahan bakar alternatif yang terbarukan dan berkelanjutan. Beberapa solusi telah ditawarkan oleh berbagai peneliti, salah satunya adalah penambahan bahan aditif dengan memanfaatkan sumber daya alam yang tersedia berlimpah di Indonesia dan non-edible seperti minyak atsiri.
            Minyak atsiri merupakan minyak yang diperoleh dari bagian tanaman dengan berbagai teknik ekstraksi. Minyak atsiri memiliki titik uap yang rendah dan larut dalam solar. Selain itu, minyak atsiri mengandung berbagai macam senyawa kimia yang mengandung atom oksigen sehingga mampu menyempurnakan sistem pembakaran pada mesin diesel. Minyak atsiri berperan sebagai bioaditif untuk meningkatkan kualitas solar. Aditif bahan bakar adalah zat yang ditambahkan pada bahan bakar terutama bensin atau solar untuk meningkatkan sifat bahan bakarnya sehingga menghasilkan kinerja yang lebih baik. Ketika ditambahkan ke bahan bakar, mampu mengurangi emisi berbahaya seperti hidrokarbon (HC), partikel, emisi CO2 dan NOx. Selain itu digunakan untuk meningkatkan viskositas, antiknock, oktan, setana dan sifat aliran dingin (cold flow) dari bahan bakar serta meningkatkan stabilitas termal, kebersihan dan mencegah korosi mesin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa minyak atsiri mampu menurunkan konsumsi pembakaran solar, menurunkan kadar emisi gas, dan mencegah karatan (deposit) pada mesin. Minyak atsiri serai wangi berpotensi dijadikan bioaditif karena senyawa utama sitronelal, geraniol dan sitronelol mengandung atom oksigen.
PT Arutmin Kintap telah melakukan pemberdayaan petani dan penyuling lokal dengan menanam serai wangi pada lahan bekas tambang seluas 10 Ha. PT Arutmin Kintap berencana menggunakan minyak atsiri serai wangi yang dihasilkan untuk produksi Z-fract Formula sebagai Bio-aditif efisiensi mesin industri bekerja sama dengan Universitas Islam Indonesia (UII). Formula bio-aditif Z-fract dibuat spesifik sesuai dengan mesin industri PT Arutmin. Langkah strategi yang akan dilakukan: (1) Workshop untuk petani atsiri untuk proses penanaman yang sesuai dengan Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) dalam upaya menjaga tersedianya bahan baku dan Produksi atsiri minyak serai wangi sesuai standar SNI; (2) Karakterisasi Minyak Serai Wangi yang telah diproduksi di Kintap; (3) Fraksinasi Minyak atsiri serai wangi; (4) Analisis Komposisi KimiaFraksi Minyak Serai Wangi.
Pengaruh Limbah Sabut Kelapa Terhadap Kadar Klorida Air Sumur Sekitar Pabrik Udang di Kelurahan Klatak Banyuwangi dengan Metode Titrasi Argentometri
Authors: Afifah  , Qomariyah Ani , Wulandari Eka Yunita
Published: January 2025

Banyuwangi memiliki berbagai industri terutama Industri pengolahan udang di Kelurahan Klatak. Hasil industri tersebut menghasilkan limbah cair yang menyebabkan air tanah terkontaminasi. Kualitas air tanah terutama air sumur harus tetap terjaga. Salah satunya parameter air yang harus diketahui kualitasnya yaitu kadar klorida. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tiga perlakuan adsorpsi yaitu variasi perlakuan adsorben, variasi waktu adsorpsi, dan variasi massa adsorben. Kadar ion klorida ditentukan dengan titrasi Argentometri metode Mohr. Dari perhitungan rendemen didapatkan kadar silika pada sabut kelapa 45,5%. Adsorben sabut kelapa yang diabukan mampu menurunkan kadar klorida air sumur lebih efektif (penurunan 37,5%) dibandingkan perlakuan diasamkan (penurunan 25%) dan dibasakan (penurunan 12,5%). Diperoleh massa sabut kelapa 2 gram lebih efektif untuk menurunkan kadar klorida air sumur dibandingkan massa 0,5 gram; 1 gram; 1,5 gram; dan 2,5 gram. Diperoleh waktu adsorpsi sabut kelapa selama 15 menit lebih efektif untuk menurunkan kadar klorida air sumur dibandingkan waktu 5 menit, 25 menit, 35 menit, dan 45 menit.
IDENTIFIKASI 11-NOR-Δ 9 -TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL-9-CARBOXYLIC ACID (THC-COOH) DALAM SAMPEL URIN MENGGUNAKAN INSTRUMEN GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY (GC-MS)
Authors: Utami Maisari , Abdushshobir Muhammad Fadhil , Tanti Tanti
Published: January 2025

“Narkoba” adalah singkatan dari narkotika, psikotropika, dan zat adiktif lainnya. Narkoba merupakan bahan yang dapat mempengaruhi kerja otak dan sering menyebabkan ketergantungan. Salah satu jenis narkoba yang umum di Indonesia adalah ganja. Ganja merupakan psikotropika yang mengandung tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Ketika THC masuk ke dalam tubuh manusia, ia akan mengalami proses metabolisme dan menghasilkan metabolit berupa 11-nor-δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THC-COOH) kemudian diekskresikan didalam urin. Identifikasi urin dapat digunakan untuk membuktikan penggunaan ganja oleh seseorang. Identifikasi dilakukan menggunakan urin dari Pusat Laboratorium Narkotika Badan Narkotika Nasional untuk mengonfirmasi keberadaan THC-COOH menggunakan Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS). Identifikasi urin dilakukan dengan uji pendahuluan rapid test dan uji konfirmasi menggunakan instrumen GC-MS. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan bahwa urin tersebut positif mengandung THC-COOH.
Pengukuran Nilai pH Dan Kadar BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand) di Telaga Belahan Rejo Sebagai Pemantauan Kualitas Air Di Kabupaten Gresik
Authors: Sa'adah Nafiatus , Zummah Atiqoh , Teguh Pribadi Eko , Safarina Nourma
Published: January 2025

Telaga Belahan Rejo adalah salah satu badan air yang ada di Kabupaten Gresik. Air telaga Belahan Rejo digunakan oleh masyarakat sekitar untuk keperluan sehari-hari seperti irigasi persawahan, perkebunan, perikanan, domestik, dan lain sebagainya. Kegiatan yang dilakukan masyarakat di sekitar telaga Belahan Rejo dapat mempengaruhi kualitas air bahkan dapat juga menyebabkan terjadinya pencemaran air. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui kualitas Air telaga Belahan Rejo ditinjau dari parameter pH dan BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand). Analisa nilai pH dilakukan berdasarkan metode SNI 6989.11:2019 dengan menggunakan alat pH meter sedangkan analisa kadar BOD dilakukan dilakukan berdasarkan metode SNI 6989.72:2009 dengan melihat nilai oksigen terlarut menggunakan alat DO meter. Hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa Air Telaga Dusun Belahan Rejo Kabupaten Gresik sesuai dengan baku mutu dengan nilai pH sebesar 6,5 dan kadar Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) sebesar 5,1 mg/L.
Pengukuran Kadar Kromium Heksavalen (Cr (VI)) dan Fenol di Telaga Dusun Belahan Rejo Sebagai Pemantauan Kualitas Air di Kabupaten Gresik
Authors: Andini Eka Andini San Putri , Zummah Atiqoh , Teguh Pribadi Eko , Safarina Nourma
Published: January 2025

Penurunan kualitas air disebabkan semakin meningkatnya kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh manusia. Begitupun dengan aktivitas manusia di sekitar telaga Dusun Belahan Rejo yang mempengaruhi kualitas air dan memungkinkan dapat menurunkan kualitas air telaga itu sendiri. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kadar Kromium Heksavalen (Cr (VI)) dan Fenol dari air Telaga Dusun Belahan Rejo sebagai pemantauan dan pengawasan untuk mengetahui kondisi kualitas air. Analisis kadar Kromium Heksavalen (Cr (VI)) dilakukan dengan Spektrofotometri UV-Vis yang mengacu pada metode SNI 6989.71:2009 dan diperoleh nilai rata-rata 0,0148 mg/L, sedangkan kadar Fenol dilakukan dengan menggunakan Spektrofotometer Vis Portable HACH DR1900 yang mengacu pada metode DOC 316.53.01108 dan diperoleh hasil 0,018 mg/L. Berdasarkan baku mutu yang ditetapkan pada PP RI No. 22 Tahun 2021 tentang Penyelenggaraan Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup lampiran VI mengenai baku mutu Air Danau dan sejenisnya kelas 4, standar baku mutu untuk parameter Kromium Heksavalen (Cr (VI)) sebesar 1 mg/L dan untuk parameter Fenol sebesar 0,02 mg/L. Nilai kadar Kromium Heksavalen (Cr (VI)) dan Fenol dari pengujian ini berada di bawah batas standar baku mutu air, artinya air telaga tersebut masih dapat digunakan untuk mengairi pertanaman dan/atau peruntukan lain yang mempersyaratkan mutu air yang sama dengan kegunaan tersebut.
A Proof of the Riemann Hypothesis Based on a New Expression of the Completed Zeta Function
Authors: Zhang Weicun
Published: January 2025

The Riemann Hypothesis (RH) is proved based on a new expression of the completed zeta function $\xi(s)$, which was obtained through paring the conjugate zeros $\rho_i$ and $\bar{\rho}_i$ in the Hadamard product, with consideration of the multiplicity of zeros, i.e. $$\xi(s)=\xi(0)\prod_{\rho}(1-\frac{s}{\rho})=\xi(0)\prod_{i=1}^{\infty}(1-\frac{s}{\rho_i})(1-\frac{s}{\bar{\rho}_i})=\xi(0)\prod_{i=1}^{\infty}\Big{(}\frac{\beta_i^2}{\alpha_i^2+\beta_i^2}+\frac{(s-\alpha_i)^2}{\alpha_i^2+\beta_i^2}\Big{)}^{m_{i}}$$ where $\xi(0)=\frac{1}{2}$, $\rho_i=\alpha_i+j\beta_i$ and $\bar{\rho}_i=\alpha_i-j\beta_i$ are the complex conjugate zeros of $\xi(s)$, $0<\alpha_i<1$ and $\beta_i\neq 0$ are real numbers, $m_i\geq 1$ is the multiplicity of $\rho_i$, finite and unique, $0<|\beta_1|\leq|\beta_2|\leq \cdots$. Then, according to the functional equation $\xi(s)=\xi(1-s)$, we have $$\prod_{i=1}^{\infty}\Big{(}1+\frac{(s-\alpha_i)^2}{\beta_i^2}\Big{)}^{m_{i}}=\prod_{i=1}^{\infty}\Big{(}1+\frac{(1-s-\alpha_i)^2}{\beta_i^2}\Big{)}^{m_{i}}$$ Owing to the divisibility contained in the above equation and the uniqueness of $m_i$, it is equivalent to $$\Big{(}1+\frac{(s-\alpha_i)^2}{\beta_i^2}\Big{)}^{m_{i}}=\Big{(}1+\frac{(1-s-\alpha_i)^2}{\beta_i^2}\Big{)}^{m_{i}}, i=1, 2, 3, \dots, \infty $$ which is further equivalent to $$\alpha_i=\frac{1}{2}, 0<|\beta_1|<|\beta_2|<|\beta_3|<\cdots, i=1, 2, 3, \dots, \infty$$
Thus we conclude that the RH is true.
Numerical Analysis of Inlet-Outlet Leg Barriers in Vertical Borehole Heat Exchangers: A Strategy to Mitigate the Thermal Resistance
Authors: Nishat Asfia , Abuel-Naga Hossam
Published: January 2025

The efficiency of heat transfer through borehole heat exchangers is influenced by the thermal resistances of both the borehole and the surrounding soil. Optimizing these resistances can improve the heat transfer performance and reduce system costs. Soil thermal resistance is geographically specific and challenging to reduce, according to previous research. In contrast, borehole resistance can be minimized through practical approaches, such as increasing the thermal conductivity of the grout or adjusting the shank spacing in the U-tube configuration. Previous literature also suggests coaxial pipes as more efficient design than single U-tube borehole heat exchanger. A novel approach involves inserting a barrier between the U-tube’s inlet and outlet legs, though a limited literature exists on its unique contribution to reduce thermal resistance. Using FlexPDE software, the study numerically assesses the sole contribution of barrier in mitigating borehole resistance. The study examines the effects of different barrier geometries and materials, considering various grout and soil thermal conductivities as well as shank spacing configurations. The study suggests that the barrier technique is an effective solution for optimizing U-tube borehole heat exchangers, especially with reduced shank spacing and lower thermal conductivity soil. It can reduce the length of a U-tube borehole by up to 8.1m/kW of heat transfer offering a viable alternative to increasing shank spacing in the U-tube borehole or enhancing thermal conductivity of the grout. Moreover, under specific conditions of soil and grout with low to medium thermal conductivity, U-tube borehole heat exchanger with a barrier between the legs demonstrates a reduction of up to 43.4m per kW heat transfer (22.7%) in overall length compared to coaxial pipes.
Impact of Sulfur Dioxide and Dimethyl Dicarbonate Treatment on the Quality of White Wines: A Scientific Evaluation
Authors: Buțerchi Ioana , Colibaba Lucia Cintia , Luchian Camelia Elena , Lipșa Florin Daniel , Ulea Eugen , Zamfir Cătălin Ioan , Scutarașu Elena Cristina , Nechita Constantin Bogdan , Irimia Liviu Mihai , Cotea Valeriu V.
Published: January 2025

The biochemistry and physiology of the raw material, the metabolism of microorganisms, the methods used for processing and storage can affect the stability of wines. Due to the antimicrobial action of sulfur dioxide and dimethyl dicarbonate, the aim of the study is to determine the optimal treatment protocol to maintain physico-chemical and microbiological stability of white wines with high residual sugar. Thus, the present research focuses on analyzing the influence of both treatments, combined or separate, on 45 wine samples obtained from a blend of Muscat Ottonel and Fetească regală grape varieties, where different doses of 6% aqueous SO2 solution (40, 80, and 160 mg/L) and dimethyl bicarbonate (0, 100, and 200 mg/L) were used. In order to assess the ability of dimethyl dicarbonate to suppress microorganisms, varying concentrations of Brettanomyces bruxellensis and Schizosaccharomyces pombe yeasts were inoculated (0, 30, 100 cfu/mL wine). The results indicate that, while sulfur dioxide cannot be entirely substituted in wines, both treatments can effectively lower or inhibit the activity of spoilage microorganisms. For the wines' physicochemical and microbiological stability, the treatment that used the synergistic force of sulfur dioxide (160 mg/L) and dimethyl dicarbonate (200 mg/L wine) performed the best.