bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast dynamics in spatially confined photoisomerization: accelerated simulations through machine learning models
Authors: Xu Weijia , Xu Haoyang , Zhu Meifang , Wen Jin
Published: September 2024

This study sheds light on the exploration of photoresponsive host–guest systems, highlighting the intricate interplay between confined spaces and photosensitive guest molecules.
Perspectives on solution-based small angle X-ray scattering for protein and biological macromolecule structural biology
Authors: Mohammed Ahmed S. A. , Soloviov Dmytro , Jeffries Cy M.
Published: September 2024

SAXS: putting population solution state(s) back into structural biology from globular-ordered to intrinsically disordered systems.
A quasi-classical study in a quantum spirit of mode specificity of the H + HOD abstraction reaction
Authors: Braunstein Matthew , Bonnet Laurent
Published: September 2024

Mode-specific behavior and product vibrational action distributions of the H + HOD abstraction reaction (as shown) require extensions of standard quasi-classical trajectory with Gaussian binning methods. These extensions are described and applied.
Electroluminescent and photoluminescent light-emitting diodes from carbon dots and device architecture optimization
Authors: Li Jielong , Deng Rongbin , Li Muci , Wu Jingwei , Wang Bingyu , Liu Liming , Yi Zichuan , Wang Honghang , Zhang Xiaowen
Published: September 2024

Light emission from carbon dots (CDs) is of great interest in both electroluminescence and photoluminescence.
A simple but efficient Li-doping approach for enhancing supercapacitor performance of the BiFeO3 perovskite nanostructures
Authors: Al-Hasani Yaser A. , Al-Hejri Tariq M. , Jadhav Vijaykumar V. , Mane Rajaram S.
Published: September 2024

Li-doping strategy is a potential approach for obtaining an enhanced energy storage performance in the BiFeO3.
Di(pyridin-2-yl)amino-substituted 1,10-phenanthrolines and their Ru(ii)–Pd(ii) dinuclear complexes: synthesis, characterization and application in Cu-free Sonogashira reaction
Authors: Ionova Violetta A. , Dmitrieva Alena V. , Abel Anton S. , Sergeev Aleksandr D. , Evko Grigory S. , Yakushev Alexei A. , Gontcharenko Victoria E. , Nefedov Sergei E. , Roznyatovsky Vitaly A. , Cheprakov Andrey V. , Averin Alexei D. , Magdesieva Tatiana V. , Beletskaya Irina P.
Published: September 2024

Dinuclear complexes [(bpy)2Ru(Phen-NPy2)PdCl2]2+ were used as photoactivated precatalysts in a Cu-free Sonogashira reaction. They provide three times faster product formation than the mixed catalytic system [Ru(bpy)3]2+/(RNPy2)Cl2.
Systems-chart approach to the design of spin relaxation times in molecular qubits
Authors: Mullin Kathleen R. , Johnson Dane , Freedman Danna E. , Rondinelli James M.
Published: September 2024

The paper presents systems design charts for molecular qubits, mapping chemical variables to spin relaxation times for optimized qubit design.
O,S-Chelated bis(pentafluorophenyl)boron and diphenylboron-β-thioketonates: synthesis, photophysical, electrochemical and NLO properties
Authors: Murali Anna Chandrasekar , Panda Rudrashish , Kannan Ramkumar , Das Ritwick , Venkatasubbaiah Krishnan
Published: September 2024

The structural, electrochemical and optical properties including NLO properties, of monothio-β-diketonate boron complexes with two different aryl substitutions on the boron center, are presented.
Microwave irradiation synthesis of CoFe2O4/rGO to activate peroxymonosulfate for the degradation of 2-aminobenzothiazole in water
Authors: Wei Wei , Gao Shiqian , Qian Feiyue , Chen Chongjun , Wu Youyi
Published: September 2024

CoFe2O4/rGO MNPs synthesized via an in situ microwave irradiation method were used as a heterogeneous catalyst to activate PMS for the degradation of ABT. Its mechanism was explored, and the catalytic system was applied to real water samples.
Customized surface adhesive and wettability properties of conformal electronic devices
Authors: Chen Wenfu , Lin Junzhu , Ye Zhicheng , Wang Xiangyu , Shen Jie , Wang Ben
Published: September 2024

This review covers advances in conformal electronics surface engineering, focusing on wettability and adhesion to improve adaptability to wet conditions and irregular skin textures, enhancing durability and signal stability.
A novel approach to chiral separation: thermo-sensitive hydrogel membranes
Authors: Huang Ziyi , Shen Xinjie , Wei Yuxuan , Chew Jia Wei , Ang Edison Huixiang , Pan Meilan
Published: September 2024

A novel method for chiral separation employing a thermo-sensitive hydrogel-coated membrane, facilitated by a bovine serum albumin (BSA)-mediated membrane process.
Computational studies of ring cleavage and deoxygenation reactions of a σ3λ3-oxaphosphirane
Authors: García Alcaraz Antonio , Espinosa Ferao Arturo , Streubel Rainer
Published: September 2024

The thermal ring cleavage and P(iii)-mediated deoxygenation of oxaphosphirane derivatives is computationally studied. For the latter, the initial P⋯P complex can evolve by O- or C-attack promoting direct or stepwise deoxygenation, respectively.
Nanoscale-localized multiplexed biological activation of field effect transistors for biosensing applications
Authors: Wright Alexander James , Nasralla Hashem Hassan , Deshmukh Rahul , Jamalzadeh Moeid , Hannigan Matthew , Patera Andrew , Li Yanxiao , Manzo-Perez Miguel , Parashar Nitika , Huang Zhujun , Udumulla Thanuka , Chen Weiqiang , De Forni Davide , Weck Marcus , de Peppo Giuseppe Maria , Riedo Elisa , Shahrjerdi Davood
Published: September 2024

A paradigm shift in biofunctionalization of FETs for biosensors. Using thermal scanning probe lithography we achieve sub-20 nm spatially selective multiplexed functionalization, paving the way for massive parallel detection of multiple pathogens.
Large-scale semi-embedded AgNW-based stretchable transparent electrodes via superwettability-induced transfer of AgNWs/ionic liquid onto gradient PDMS
Authors: Shen Shoujie , Wu Qiyu , Chen Xingchao , Li Jia , Zhao Xuanting , Ma Chuao , Liu Chan , Liu Hongliang
Published: September 2024

Stretchable transparent electrodes (STEs) composed of highly conductive silver nanowires (AgNWs) and mechanically stretchable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) are compelling materials for the development of flexible electronic devices.
Anomalous magnetic behaviour induced by a structural phase transition with anisotropic thermal expansion in a spirodiradical
Authors: Kanetomo Takuya , Matsunaga Daigo , Ogawa Shinichi , Enomoto Masaya
Published: September 2024

A Ge-centred spirodiradical exhibited anomalous magnetic behaviour, influenced by two key structural factors: negative thermal expansion and a structural phase transition.
Electrochemical approach for upgrading the pollutant CS2: three-component N–H thiocarbamylation of sulfoximines
Authors: Qian Peng , Xiong Wenjing , Meng Qian , Liu Jinxiu , Li Xiyuan , Sheng Liangquan
Published: September 2024

We report an electrochemical approach for upgrading the pollutant CS2via the thiocarbamylation of sulfoximines, in which CS2 and amines are incorporated as a readily available source of dithiocarbamate.
Carbonate-assisted selectively deoxygenative cross-coupling reaction between aryl and aliphatic aldehydes: a straightforward route to access α-alkylated aryl ketones
Authors: Sun Yu , Wang Yi , Zuo Zhijun
Published: September 2024

A novel reductive cross-coupling reaction of two different aldehydes for rapidly assembling α-alkylated aryl ketones has been developed. The inexpensive carbonate served not only as a base but also as an efficient electron donor.
Lowest gelation concentration in a complex-coacervate-driven self-assembly system, achieved by redox-RAFT synthesis of high molecular weight block polyelectrolytes
Authors: Guzik Aleksander , de Maere d'Aertrycke Fabrice , Stuart Marc C. A. , Raffa Patrizio
Published: September 2024

High molecular weight polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) micelles have been synthesized via redox-RAFT. These are extremely effective water thickeners at low concentration, even under high-salinity conditions, and are pH-responsive.
Self-assembly of gold nanoparticles into ring-like hierarchical superstructures with tunable interparticle distance
Authors: Yue Xuan , Li Feibo , Fu Xiying , Wang Yanming , Yan Nan
Published: September 2024

Ring-like hierarchical superstructures with tunable interparticle distance, self-assembled from polystyrene (PS)-tethered gold NPs (AuNPs@PS), were fabricated using a “breath figure” strategy.
Tough and stretchable ionic polyurethane foam for use in wearable devices
Authors: Yan Xuefeng , Chen Yong , Tan Jun , Zhang Cailiang , Xie Zeming , Zheng Si Yu , Wang Qi , Zhou Zhijun , Yang Jintao
Published: September 2024

Developing tough and conductive materials is very crucial for the fields of wearable devices. We develop a stretchable polyurethane/carbon nanotubes composite, which shows excellent mechanical performance and high sensitivity to small strain.
Electrowetting hysteresis on a deformable dielectric film
Authors: Kumar Sumit , Zussman Eyal
Published: September 2024

Electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) involves actuating surfactant-laden droplets through electrical stimulus while the droplets lie on a deformable dielectric layer that covers the electrode.
Na vs. Li metal anodes for batteries: unraveling thermodynamic and electronic origins of voids and developing descriptors for artificial surface coatings
Authors: Venturi Victor , Freitas Rodrigo , Abate Iwnetim Iwnetu
Published: September 2024

This work examines the thermodynamics, interfacial chemistry, and stiffness variations between Na and Li void and pit formation in metal batteries, with the goal of developing accurate descriptors and coatings for a stable battery.
Activation of low-cost stainless-steel electrodes for efficient and stable anion-exchange membrane water electrolysis
Authors: Jiang Tao , Zouridi Leila , Li Nannan , Binas Vassilios , Stuart Marc. C. A. , Aravind P. V. , Jayawardhana Bayu , Pescarmona Paolo P. , Kyriakou Vasileios
Published: September 2024

A cost-effective activation method was developed to enhance the performance of commercial stainless steel (SS) as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for the AEM water electrolyzer, exhibiting remarkable durability at 5.0 A (1.0 A cm−2) for 250 h.
Revealing a synergistic orbital coupling adsorption mechanism of the oxygen reduction reaction in dual-atom catalysts
Authors: Liu Yangfan , Li Yejun , Liu Xinghan , Li Jinming , Zhang Gufei , Gong Jun , Jiang Yanbin , Li Zhou
Published: September 2024

A synergistic adsorption mechanism of the oxygen evolution reaction for the dual atom catalysts (DACs) was proposed, which dominates the adsorption strength of intermediate species, potential determining step, and catalytic activity of DACs.
Nerve guide conduits promote nerve regeneration under a combination of electrical stimulation and RSCs combined with stem cell differentiation
Authors: Zhang Fan , Nan Liping , Fang Jiaqi , Liu Lei , Xu Bo , Jin Xuehan , Liu Shuhao , Liu Shengfu , Song Kaihang , Weng Zhijie , Chen Feng , Wang Jianguang , Liu Junjian
Published: September 2024

The integration of conductive polypyrrole and oriented polycaprolactone scaffolds with RSCs fosters a favorable microenvironment for nerve regeneration, especially under electrical stimulation and stem cell differentiation.
An X-ray flaring event and a variable soft X-ray excess in the Seyfert LCRS B040659.9–385922 as detected with eROSITA
Authors: Krishnan S. , Markowitz A. G. , Krumpe M. , Homan D. , Brogan R. , Haemmerich S. , Gromadzki M. , Saha T. , Schramm M. , Reichart D. E. , Winkler H. , Waddell S. , Wilms J. , Rau A. , Liu Z. , Grotova I.
Published: September 2024

Context. Extreme continuum variability in extragalactic nuclear sources can indicate extreme changes in accretion flows onto supermassive black holes.

Aims. We explore the multiwavelength nature of a continuum flare in the Seyfert LCRS B040659.9−385922. The all-sky X-ray surveys conducted by the Spectrum Roentgen Gamma (SRG)/extended ROentgen Survey with an Imaging Telescope Array (eROSITA) showed that its X-ray flux increased by a factor of roughly five over six months, and concurrent optical photometric monitoring with the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) showed a simultaneous increase.

Methods. We complemented the eROSITA and ATLAS data by triggering a multiwavelength follow-up monitoring program (X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission: XMM-Newton, Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer: NICER; optical spectroscopy) to study the evolution of the accretion disk, broad-line region, and X-ray corona. During the campaign, X-ray and optical continuum flux subsided over roughly six months. Our campaign includes two XMM-Newton observations, one taken near the peak of this flare and the other taken when the flare had subsided.

Results. The soft X-ray excess in both XMM-Newton observations was power law-like (distinctly nonthermal). Using a simple power law, we observed that the photon index of the soft excess varies from a steep value of Γ ∼ 2.7 at the flare peak to a relatively flatter value of Γ ∼ 2.2 as the flare subsided. We successfully modeled the broadband optical/UV/X-ray spectral energy distribution at both the flare peak and post-flare times with the AGNSED model, incorporating thermal disk emission into the optical/UV and warm thermal Comptonization in the soft X-rays. The accretion rate falls by roughly 2.5, and the radius of the hot Comptonizing region increases from the flaring state to the post-flare state. Additionally, from the optical spectral observations, we find that the broad He IIλ4686 emission line fades significantly as the optical/UV/X-ray continuum fades, which could indicate a substantial flare of disk emission above 54 eV. We also observed a redshifted broad component in the Hβ emission line that is present during the high flux state of the source and disappears in subsequent observations.

Conclusions. A sudden strong increase in the local accretion rate in this source manifested itself via an increase in accretion disk emission and in thermal Comptonized emission in the soft X-rays, which subsequently faded. The redshifted broad Balmer component could be associated with a transient kinematic component distinct from that comprising the rest of the broad-line region.
AGN feedback can produce metal enrichment on galaxy scales
Authors: Villar Martín M. , López Cobá C. , Cazzoli S. , Pérez Montero E. , Cabrera Lavers A.
Published: September 2024

Context. Giant (> 100 kpc) nebulae associated with active galaxies provide rich information about the circumgalactic medium around galaxies, its link with the interstellar medium of the hosts, and the mechanisms involved in their evolution.

Aims. We have studied the giant nebula associated with the Teacup (z = 0.085) quasar based on VLT MUSE integral field spectroscopy to investigate whether the well-known giant (∼10 kpc) active galactic nucleus (AGN) -induced outflow has an impact on the distribution of heavy elements in and outside the host galaxy.

Methods. We have mapped the oxygen and nitrogen gas relative abundances (O/H and N/O) in two spatial dimensions across the giant nebula and within the galaxy by means of comparing emission line ratios with photoionisation model predictions.

Results. The widely studied AGN-driven outflow responsible for the ∼10 kpc ionised bubble is enhancing the gas metal abundance up to ∼10 kpc from the AGN. O/H is solar or slightly higher at the edges of the bubble, in comparison with the subsolar abundances across the rest of the nebula median (O/H ∼0.63 (O/H)⊙).

Conclusions. AGN feedback can produce metal enrichment at large extranuclear distances in galaxies (≥10 kpc).
Exploring the time variability of the solar wind using LOFAR pulsar data
Authors: Susarla S. C. , Chalumeau A. , Tiburzi C. , Keane E. F. , Verbiest J. P. W. , Hazboun J. S. , Krishnakumar M. A. , Iraci F. , Shaifullah G. M. , Golden A. , Bak Nielsen A.-S. , Donner J. , Grießmeier J.-M. , Keith M. J. , Osłowski S. , Porayko N. K. , Serylak M. , Anderson J. M. , Brüggen M. , Ciardi B. , Dettmar R.-J. , Hoeft M. , Künsemöller J. , Schwarz D. , Vocks C.
Published: September 2024

Context. High-precision pulsar timing is highly dependent on the precise and accurate modelling of any effects that can potentially impact the data. In particular, effects that contain stochastic elements contribute to some level of corruption and complexity in the analysis of pulsar-timing data. It has been shown that commonly used solar wind models do not accurately account for variability in the amplitude of the solar wind on both short and long timescales.

Aims. In this study, we test and validate a new, cutting-edge solar wind modelling method included in the enterprise software suite (widely used for pulsar noise analysis) through extended simulations. We use it to investigate temporal variability in LOFAR data. Our model testing scheme in itself provides an invaluable asset for pulsar timing array (PTA) experiments. Since, improperly accounting for the solar wind signature in pulsar data can induce false-positive signals, it is of fundamental importance to include in any such investigations.

Methods. We employed a Bayesian approach utilising a continuously varying Gaussian process to model the solar wind. It uses a spherical approximation that modulates the electron density. This method, which we refer to as a solar wind Gaussian process (SWGP), has been integrated into existing noise analysis software, specifically enterprise. Our Validation of this model was performed through simulations. We then conduct noise analysis on eight pulsars from the LOFAR dataset, with most pulsars having a time span of ∼11 years encompassing one full solar activity cycle. Furthermore, we derived the electron densities from the dispersion measure values obtained by the SWGP model.

Results. Our analysis reveals a strong correlation between the electron density at 1 AU and the ecliptic latitude (ELAT) of the pulsar. Pulsars with |ELAT|< 3° exhibit significantly higher average electron densities. Furthermore, we observed distinct temporal patterns in the electron densities in different pulsars. In particular, pulsars within |ELAT|< 3° exhibit similar temporal variations, while the electron densities of those outside this range correlate with the solar activity cycle. Notably, some pulsars exhibit sensitivity to the solar wind up to 45° away from the Sun in LOFAR data.

Conclusions. The continuous variability in electron density offered in this model represents a substantial improvement over previous models, that assume a single value for piece-wise bins of time. This advancement holds promise for solar wind modelling in future International Pulsar Timing Array (IPTA) data combinations.
A high-resolution view of the source-plane magnification near cluster caustics in wave dark matter models
Authors: Diego J. M. , Amruth Alfred , Palencia Jose M. , Broadhurst Tom , Li Sung Kei , Lim Jeremy , Windhorst Rogier A. , Zitrin Adi , Filippenko Alexei V. , Williams Liliya L. R. , Meena Ashish K. , Chen Wenlei , Kelly Patrick L.
Published: September 2024

We present the highest-resolution images to date of caustics formed by wave dark matter (ψDM) fluctuations near the critical curves of cluster gravitational lenses. We describe the basic magnification features of ψDM in the source plane at high macromodel magnification and discuss specific differences between the ψDM and standard cold dark matter (CDM) models. The unique generation of demagnified counterimages (with respect to the magnification from the smooth macromodel) formed outside the Einstein radius for ψDM is highlighted. Substructure in CDM cannot generate demagnified images with positive parity and thus does not provide a definitive way to distinguish ψDM from CDM. Highly magnified background sources with sizes r ≈ 1 pc, or approximately a factor of ten smaller than the expected de Broglie wavelength of ψDM, offer the best possibility for discriminating between ψDM and CDM. These include objects such as very compact stellar clusters at high redshift, which JWST is finding in abundance.
Virtual Obstetric Emergency Simulations: Enhancing Knowledge, Skills, and Confidence of Emergency Medicine and Obstetric Professionals
Authors: Mitzman Jennifer , Pfeil Sheryl A. , Rahurkar Saurabh , Jonnalagadda Pallavi , Sova Lindsey , Gregory Megan E. , McGarity Nicole , Read James , Stevens Allison , Ghanem Rashelle , Winfield Scott , Shellhaas Cynthia S.
Published: September 2024

Objective Between 2008 and 2016, 23% of pregnancy-related deaths in Ohio occurred in an emergency department (ED) or outpatient setting. Prior research showed that 98% of Ohio's delivery hospitals conduct obstetric (OB) emergency simulations, whereas only 30% include ED staff. The goal of the grant was to increase the knowledge, skill, and self-efficacy of emergency medicine (EM) professionals in managing OB emergencies. In addition to EM professionals, there was high interest by obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) and other professionals in the course. Therefore, the goal of the project was to increase these elements for all professionals including EM and non-EM professionals in managing OB emergencies.

Study Design Twelve virtual training courses using simulated patient encounters and video-based skills training were conducted across Ohio on the management of OB emergencies. Scenarios focused on common causes of pregnancy-related death using data from the Ohio Pregnancy-Associated Mortality Review Committee. Pre- and posttests assessed training effectiveness.

Results Between August 1, 2020, and June 30, 2023, 258 learners completed the course. Most were female (76.76%), White (90.61%), and under 45 years old (69.40%). Most (66.49%) were from EM, followed by OB/GYN (18.09%), and other specialties (15.43%) including family medicine and pediatric EM. Most worked in hospital settings (89.19%). Learners reported a median 10.00 (interquartile range [IQR]: 15.00) years in clinical practice. Overall, mean knowledge scores increased by 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.62, 1.01), after the course (p < 0.001). Mean knowledge scores increased by 0.90 (95% CI: 0.64, 1.16; p < 0.001), 0.67 (95% CI: 0.24, 1.09; p = 0.003), and 0.60 (95% CI: 0.16, 1.04; p = 0.01) for those from EM, OB/GYN, and other specialties, respectively. Median scores for reported self-efficacy increased by 24.00 (IQR: 22.33) and self-reported skills increased by 30.42 (IQR: 22.83) points (p < 0.001).

Conclusion Virtual simulations can be effective in improving EM, OB, and other professionals' knowledge, self-efficacy, and self-reported skills in managing OB emergencies.

Key Points
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia: Pregnancy and Delivery-Specific Considerations and Outcomes
Authors: Watkins Virginia Y. , Estin Mira L. , Craig Amanda M. , Dotters-Katz Sarah K. , Federspiel Jerome J.
Published: September 2024

Objective Prior studies have evaluated maternal outcomes in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), yet pregnancy- and delivery-specific data remain limited. This study aims to evaluate pregnancy and delivery outcomes in patients with HHT.

Study Design This retrospective cohort study used the Nationwide Readmissions Database to identify patients with HHT diagnosis on delivery between 2010 and 2021. The primary outcome was severe maternal morbidity (SMM). Secondary outcomes included nontransfusion SMM, preterm birth, stillbirth, prelabor rupture of membranes or preterm prelabor rupture of membranes, cesarean delivery, respiratory bleeding, cerebrovascular complications, patient disposition, and length of stay. Trends in the prevalence of HHT at delivery were assessed with logistic regression. Logistic regression analyses, adjusting for age, payer, zip code income, hospital size, and teaching status, were also used to produce adjusted relationships between HHT status and outcomes.

Results The cohort of 21,698,861 delivered pregnancies corresponded to a national estimate of 44,325,599. Of those, 612 (national estimate: 1,265; 2.8 per 100,000) had a diagnosis of HHT. A steady rise in the HHT diagnosis rate during pregnancy from 2010 to 2021 (1.7 per 100,000 in 2010, 3.8 per 100,000 in 2021, p < 0.001 for trend) was seen. Patients with HHT were significantly more likely to experience SMM compared with patients without HHT (7.8 vs. 1.7%, adjusted relative risk [aRR]: 4.49 [95% confidence interval, CI: 3.06, 6.58]). Rates of preterm birth (14.2 vs. 8.5%, aRR: 1.57 [95% CI: 1.22, 2.03]), cesarean delivery (41.0 vs. 32.9%, aRR: 1.23 [95% CI: 1.07, 1.41]), respiratory bleeding (2.1 vs. <0.1%, aRR: 94.44 [56.64, 157.46]), and cerebrovascular complications (0.9 vs. <0.1%, aRR: 22.89 [9.89, 52.96]) were higher in patients with HHT than non-HHT patients. There was no difference in stillbirth rates between groups.

Conclusion Patients with HHT have higher rates of SMM and adverse delivery outcomes when compared with the baseline population.

Key Points
The effect of proprioceptive vestibular rehabilitation on sensory-motor symptoms and quality of life
Authors: Özaltın Gülfem Ezgi , Talu Burcu , Bayındır Tuba
Published: September 2024

Background Peripheral vestibular hypofunction (PVH) is characterized by balance and gait disorders and vestibulo-autonomic findings. The vestibular system and proprioceptive system work together to regulate sensorimotor functions. Vestibular exercises are effective in PVH, but their superiority over each other is still unclear.

Objective This study aims to examine the effect of proprioceptive vestibular exercises on patients with PVH.

Methods 30 individuals with unilateral PVH were assigned to 3 groups. Group 1 received proprioceptive vestibular rehabilitation, group 2 received standard vestibular rehabilitation. Both groups were given standard vestibular exercises as home exercises. No exercise was applied to the group 3. Patients were evaluated in terms of balance, functional mobility, posture, sensory profile, and quality of life.

Results Although there was a significant intra-group difference in balance, functional mobility, and quality of life results in all groups (p < 0.05), the difference between groups was generally in favor of group 1 (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference between the groups in the posture analysis results (p < 0.05), while there was a significant difference in the 1st group (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference between the groups in the results of sensory sensitivity, sensory avoidance, and low recording (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups in sensory-seeking results (p > 0.05). There was a significant difference in quality of life between and within groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusion Proprioceptive vestibular rehabilitation is an effective method in PVH. We think that our study will guide clinicians and contribute to the literature.

Trial registration NCT04687371.
Paradoxical bodies: negotiating biomedical fix, responsibility, and care in a weight-loss surgery clinic
Authors: Nehushtan Hilla , Goodman Yehuda C.
Published: September 2024

This ethnographic project explores how inherent discursive and social tensions are expressed and worked out within obesity care at a weight-loss surgical (WLS) clinic. First, complicated doctor and patient encounters occur because WLS follows a medical logic of intervention and is presented as a “biomagical” procedure that miraculously alters the body. Surgeons, however, explain that the surgery’s success depends on patients’ long and hard work. Second, the clinic’s interdisciplinary approach adds more complexity. While expanding the scope of treatment, it blurs the division of labor among professionals and the distinction between body and mind. It also diffuses the responsibility for patients’ lifestyles and recovery among professionals. Third, alongside notions about patients’ autonomy and free choice, their wishes and bodies are constantly channeled, problematized, and negotiated with various family and peer support. While crucial for the surgery’s success, such interconnectedness raises questions about how decision making and social pressures affect the patients’ journey. Thus, WLS is refracted among webs of multiple actors and contradictory perspectives. This complexity invites a reflection on how such tensions and paradoxes destabilize medical power in modifying the body, challenge personal responsibility assumptions, and impact the quality of care.
The social shaping of biotechnological innovation. The case of Covid-19 protein vaccine in Cuba and the US
Authors: Marciano Claudio
Published: September 2024

Like other technologies, vaccines are socially shaped by socio-economic, political and organisational factors. Property rights, value capture strategies and public innovation policies guide research teams in the biochemical design of vaccines, with inevitable consequences for their price and accessibility. The Covid-19 pandemic provided an opportunity to analyse this institutional shaping process and its consequences for global public health from a political economy perspective. Indeed, the same type of invention, a recombinant protein vaccine, was simultaneously and originally developed in the US and Cuban biopharmaceutical industries and in the field of philanthropic Open Innovation. The article shows, through empirical research that collected direct testimony from scientists and privileged observers of the vaccine development fields, how certain norms and values characteristic of the US industry (financialization, assetization and de-risk) created a path dependency in the use of proprietary and experimental biotechnologies that made the US vaccine Nuvaxovid more expensive and complex to produce, but no more effective and safe than Abdala, Soberana 02 and Corbevax. In addition, the institutional constraints of the US biopharmaceutical industry on radical innovation, even within a mature biotechnology platform such as protein vaccines, would have resulted in a competitive disadvantage for Nuvaxovid, which was as expensive as an mRNA vaccine but less rapid to market and less reliable in delivery. The case of protein vaccines against Covid-19 thus shows how the institutional architectures of techno-scientific capitalism create not only inequalities but also inefficiencies, and that an innovation path with excellent results is possible even in competition where the market is not the dominant order of worth.
Numerical study of synaptic behavior in amorphous HfO2-based ferroelectric-like FETs generated by voltage-driven ion migration
Authors: Cuesta-Lopez J. , Ganeriwala M. D. , Marin E. G. , Toral-Lopez A. , Pasadas F. , Ruiz F. G. , Godoy A.
Published: September 2024

The continuous effort in making artificial neural networks more alike to human brain calls for the hardware elements to implement biological synapse-like functionalities. The recent experimental demonstration of ferroelectric-like FETs promises low-power operation as compared to the conventional ferroelectric switching devices. This work presents an in-house numerical tool, which self-consistently solves the electrostatics and time-dependent electronic and ionic transport. The tool is exploited to analyze the effect that various physical parameters such as mobility and ion concentration could have on the design of the ferroelectric-like FETs. Their suitability in emulating different functions of the biological synapses is also demonstrated.
Degradation of electrical properties of subcells in multi-junction solar cells under neutron irradiation
Authors: Levina Svetlana A. , Emelyanov Viktor M. , Nakhimovich Mariia V. , Shvarts Maxim Z.
Published: September 2024

This paper presents an analysis of the photovoltaic characteristics and parameters of individual subcells of space multi-junction solar cells after irradiation by high-energy particles. Dark currents, charge carrier lifetimes, and damage coefficients for wide-bandgap subcells were determined both theoretically and experimentally.
Design of a diamond-based in-vessel soft x-ray detector for the SPARC tokamak
Authors: Normile S. , Vezinet D. , Perks C. , Bombarda F. , Verona-Rinati G. , Rice J. E. , Verona C. , Raso A. M. , Angelone M.
Published: September 2024

The in-vessel silicon diode arrays that are used for soft x-ray detection in many tokamaks are sensitive to neutron damage, making them unsuitable for burning plasma devices such as SPARC. In such a device, the silicon diodes would need to be placed far from the plasma—limiting their field of view—or an alternative detector could be used. Here, we present the design of a camera containing an array of chemical vapor deposition single-crystal diamonds, which will be placed in the upper and lower port plugs of the SPARC tokamak with a large enough view of the poloidal cross section to enable tomographic inversion. The camera design presented here is optimized to provide a wide field of view of the poloidal cross section. Simulated plasma conditions are used to estimate the x-ray signal that this detector array will receive and to fine-tune the camera placement within the tokamak.
Time delay statistics modeling of megavolt self-triggered pre-ionized switch under nanosecond pulses
Authors: Wang Tianchi , Chen Wei , Du Yingchao
Published: September 2024

This paper establishes and validates a semi-quantitative calculation model for the breakdown time delay and jitter of a megavolt self-triggered pre-ionized switch under nanosecond pulses. The calculated error for the time delay ranges from 0.6% to 12.6%, and the observed variation trend in jitter is deemed reliable. The influence mechanisms of the breakdown time delay and jitter, as predicted by the model, align with experimental results. Notably, a jitter offset effect is identified in the pulsed breakdown process due to the time-varying electric field. The study predicts and confirms that the optimal breakdown time for the trigger gap under pulsed pre-ionization mode is ∼70% of the peak time of the input pulse and the gradient resistor should not exceed 4 kΩ under continuous pre-ionization mode to maintain the intensity of the switch leak current. This model is an extension of the Donaldson model, including the pre-ionization source with an inherent jitter and the formative time delay under nanosecond pulses. This framework may serve as a reference for analyzing time jitter statistics of other megavolt pulsed gas switches.
Boundary layer stability on a rotating wind turbine blade section
Authors: Fava T. C. L. , Henningson D. S. , Hanifi A.
Published: September 2024

Wall-resolved large eddy simulations of the flow on a rotating wind turbine blade section are conducted to study the rotation effects on laminar-turbulent transition on the suction surface. A chord Reynolds number of 1×105 and angles of attack (AoA) of 12.8°, 4.2°, and 1.2° are considered. Simulations with and without rotation are performed for each AoA. For AoA=12.8°, rotation increases the reverse flow from 7% of the free-stream velocity in the non-rotating case to 16% of it in the rotating case in the laminar separation bubble (LSB), triggering an oblique instability mechanism in the latter, leading to a faster breakdown to small-scale turbulence. However, rotation delays transition and reattachment in 3%–4% of the chord due to the acceleration of the boundary layer upstream of the LSB, which is subject to a strong adverse pressure gradient (APG), stabilizing Tollmien–Schlichting (TS) waves. Regarding AoA=4.2° and 1.2°, rotation slightly decelerates the attached boundary layer since the APG is very mild but accelerates the separated flow downstream, stabilizing Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) modes. This mitigates the oblique instability mechanism and slows down the breakdown of KH vortices in the rotating case. In these cases, the transition location is little affected by rotation, possibly due to a rotation-independent absolute instability. Rotation also generates a spanwise tip-flow in the LSB for AoA=4.2° and 1.2°, which is highly unstable and triggers stationary and traveling crossflow modes. Nevertheless, the amplitudes of these modes remain too low to trigger transition.
An improved viscoelastic k-
ε
-v2-f turbulence model for intermediate and high drag reduction regimes
Authors: Song Kaiyao , Jin Guoyong , Ye Tiangui , Liu Zhigang
Published: September 2024

In this work, an improved anisotropic k-ε-v2-f model based on the finite extensible nonlinear elastic model with the Peterlin approximation for viscoelastic channel flows is proposed. This model is tested using direct numerical simulation (DNS) data for friction Reynolds numbers (Reτ) in the range of 120–1000, friction Wiesenberg numbers (Wiτ) in the range of 25–116, viscosity ratios (β) in the range of 0.6–0.9, and maximum polymer extensibility values (L2) in the range of 900–14 400. The flow characteristics of viscoelastic fluids with various parameters obtained from the new model agree well with existing DNS results. By adding closures for the flow, shear, and transverse components, the incomplete prediction of nonlinear terms from interactions between the fluctuating components of the conformation and velocity gradient tensors is improved. Compared with DNS results, these closures can fully obtain each component and significantly improve the accuracy of the flow direction component in the intermediate and high drag reduction regimes. Furthermore, the model in this paper retains the advantages of an anisotropic model, does not require a damping function, is simple to construct, and is easily extended to a variety of bounded flows.
Slip effects on the receptivity of supersonic flat-plate boundary layer to freestream acoustic waves
Authors: Wang Chenyue , Ou Jihui , Chen Jie
Published: September 2024

The receptivity phase located upstream from the neutral point might be significantly affected by local rarefaction effects (especially surface slip effects) in terms of the boundary-layer transition of near-space hypersonic vehicles. In this paper, the receptivity of a supersonic flat-plate boundary layer to freestream acoustic waves in no-slip and slip flows is analyzed using direct numerical simulations and linear stability theory. The Maxwell–Smoluchowski velocity-slip and temperature-jump boundary conditions are adopted at the wall to account for surface slip effects. A Mach 4.5 flow at different wall-cooling degrees is mainly analyzed, and another Mach-6 case is presented, both with freestream unit Reynolds number on the order of 1×106/m. The main goal is to clarify the qualitative and quantitative influence of surface slip effects on the receptivity phase under different conditions. The results show that the receptivity mechanism in the slip flow is similar to that in the no-slip flow. That is, the mode S or F is excited near the leading edge due to synchronization with slow or fast acoustic waves, and the Mack second mode is excited further downstream after synchronization between modes S and F. However, the slip effects lead to distinctly quantitative differences in receptivity. The slip effects have little influence on the excitation of mode S or F near the leading edge but largely affect the evolution (intermodal exchange) of modes S and F as propagating downstream. Consequently, as for the receptivity to slow acoustic waves, the slip effects play a stabilizing role in receptivity when mode S is stable while a destabilizing role when mode S converts to the first mode in the upstream. As for receptivity to fast acoustic waves, as slip degree increases, the slip effects initially stabilize and then destabilize the receptivity, where the receptivity coefficient of the tested slip case can increase by 25% compared with the no-slip case.
Explicit and approximate solutions for a classical hyperbolic fragmentation equation using a hybrid projected differential transform method
Authors: Yadav Nisha , Ansari Zeeshan , Singh Randhir , Das Ashok , Singh Sukhjit , Heinrich Stefan , Singh Mehakpreet
Published: September 2024

Population balance equations are widely used to study the evolution of aerosols, colloids, liquid–liquid dispersion, raindrop fragmentation, and pharmaceutical granulation. However, these equations are difficult to solve due to the complexity of the kernel structures and initial conditions. The hyperbolic fragmentation equation, in particular, is further complicated by the inclusion of double integrals. These challenges hinder the analytical solutions of number density functions for basic kernel classes with exponential initial distributions. To address these issues, this study introduces a new approach combining the projected differential transform method with Laplace transform and Padé approximants to solve the hyperbolic fragmentation equation. This method aims to provide accurate and efficient explicit solutions to this challenging problem. The approach's applicability is demonstrated through rigorous mathematical derivation and convergence analysis using the Banach contraction principle. Additionally, several numerical examples illustrate the accuracy and robustness of this new method. For the first time, new analytical solutions for number density functions are presented for various fragmentation kernels with gamma and other initial distributions. This method significantly enhances solution quality over extended periods using fewer terms in the truncated series. The solutions are compared and verified against the finite volume method and the homotopy perturbation method, showing that the coupled approach not only estimates number density functions accurately but also captures integral moments with high precision. This research advances computational methods for particle breakage phenomena, offering potential applications in various industrial processes and scientific disciplines.
Intraband cascade electroluminescence with weakly n-doped HgTe colloidal quantum dots
Authors: Shen Xingyu , Caillas Augustin , Guyot-Sionnest Philippe
Published: September 2024

Room temperature 6 μm intraband cascade electroluminescence (EL) is demonstrated with lightly n-doped HgTe colloidal quantum dots of ∼8 nm diameter deposited on interdigitated electrodes in a metal–insulator–metal device. With quantum dot films of ∼150 nm thickness made by solid-state-ligand-exchange, the devices emit at 1600 cm−1 (6.25 μm), with a spectral width of 200 cm−1, determined by the overlap of the 1Se–1Pe intraband transition of the quantum dots and the substrate photonic resonance. At the maximum current used of 20 mA, the bias was 30 V, the external quantum efficiency was 2.7%, and the power conversion efficiency was 0.025%. Adding gold nano-antennas between the electrodes broadened the emission and increased the quantum efficiency to 4.4% and the power efficiency to 0.036%. For these films, the doping was about 0.1 electron/dot, the electron mobility was 0.02 cm2 V−1 s−1, and the maximum current density was 0.04 kA cm−2. Higher mobility films made by solution ligand exchange show a 20-fold increase in current density and a 10-fold decrease in EL efficiencies. Electroluminescence with weak doping is interesting for eventually achieving electrically driven stimulated emission, and the requirements for population inversion and lasing are discussed.
Extended system–bath entanglement theorem with multiple baths in the presence of external fields
Authors: Qi Hao-Yang , Su Yu , Wang Yao , Xu Rui-Xue , Yan YiJing
Published: September 2024

The system–bath entanglement theorem (SBET) was established in terms of linear response functions [Du et al., J. Chem. Phys. 152, 034102 (2020)] and generalized to correlation functions [Su et al., J. Chem. Phys. 160, 084104 (2024)] in our previous studies. This theorem connects the entangled system–bath properties to the local system and bare–bath ones. In this work, we extend the SBET to field-dressed conditions with multiple baths at different temperatures. As in reality, the external fields may interact with not only the system but also environments. The extended SBET facilitates, for example, photo-acoustic, photo-thermal, pump–probe related studies. The theorem under the field-free condition (multiple baths) and its counterpart in the classical limit is also presented.
A high-efficiency sharp-interface immersed boundary method based on multi-linear interpolation
Authors: Hao Zhanzhou , Yin Bo , Xu Mengfan , Yang Guowei
Published: September 2024

The sharp-interface immersed boundary method (IBM) reconstructs the flow locally to achieve the precise identification of solid boundaries and their consequential influences on the fluid dynamics. However, the computational accuracy and efficiency are notably impacted by the diverse interaction between the fluid's Euler grid and the solid's Lagrange mesh. Taking the two-dimensional (2D) case as an example, we analyze the characteristics of various grid cutting classes, with a particular focus on how they reduce the solution speed and computational precision. To address these challenges, we propose a multi-linear interpolation method that enriches flow field information by expanding the interpolation template. Computational results of 2D flow past a stationary cylinder and airfoil, and the takeoff of airfoil takeoff demonstrate that the multi-linear interpolation method increases computational efficiency by up to 20%, while maintaining accuracy. Furthermore, we extend this method to three-dimensional (3D) calculations, enhancing efficiency by about 5% and improving accuracy. Finally, by simulating the full-body motion of a penguin swimming, we showcase the robustness of the method in simulating complex geometric moving boundary problems.
Advancing neural network-based data assimilation for large-scale spatiotemporal systems with sparse observations
Authors: Cai Shengjuan , Fang Fangxin , Wang Yanghua
Published: September 2024

Data assimilation (DA) is a powerful technique for improving the forecast accuracy of dynamic systems by optimally integrating model forecasts with observations. Traditional DA approaches, however, encounter significant challenges when applied to complex, large-scale, highly nonlinear systems with sparse and noisy observations. To overcome these challenges, this study presents a new Neural Network-based Data Assimilation (DANet) model, specifically employing a Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory architecture. By leveraging the strengths of neural networks, DANet establishes the relationship among model forecasts, observations, and ground truth, facilitating efficient DA in large-scale spatiotemporal forecasting with sparse observations. The effectiveness of the DANet model is demonstrated through an initial case study of wind-driven oceanic flow forecasting, as described by a Quasi-Geostrophic (QG) model. Compared to the traditional Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF), DANet exhibits superior performance in cases involving both structured and unstructured sparse observations. This is evidenced by reduced Root Mean Square Errors (RMSEs) and improved correlation coefficients (R) and Structural Similarity Index. Moreover, DANet is seamlessly integrated with the QG model to operationally forecast vorticity and stream function in the long term, further confirming the accuracy and reliability of the DANet model. DANet achieves operational forecasting 60 times faster than EnKF, underscoring its efficiency and potential in DA advancement.