bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemic of youth nicotine addiction? What does the National Youth Tobacco Survey 2017-2019 reveal about high school e-cigarette use in the USA?
Authors: Jarvis Martin , Jackson Sarah , West Robert , Brown Jamie
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND: Between 2018 and 2020, the US Food and Drug Administration announced various restrictions on e-cigarette manufacturers in response to a perceived epidemic of e-cigarette use and nicotine dependence among high school students. The stimulus came from headline figures from the 2018 and 2019 National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS). We analysed e-cigarette use and dependence in the NYTS in relation to lifetime history of use of tobacco products.

DESIGN AND SETTING: Nationally representative annual survey of high school students 2017 to 2019.

PARTICIPANTS: 10,186 students in 2017, 10,991 in 2018 and 10,097 in 2019.

MEASUREMENTS: Any use of e-cigarettes in past 30 days, frequent e-cigarette use (≥20 of past 30 days) and indicators of tobacco or nicotine dependence (strong craving in past 30 days; wanting to use within 30 minutes of waking) were analysed in relation to lifetime tobacco product use history, ranging from never use through to lifetime smoking of >100 cigarettes.

FINDINGS: Past-30-day e-cigarette use increased from 11.7% in 2017 to 20.8% in 2018, and 27.5% in 2019. In 2019 it was reported in 13.3% of those who had never tried any other tobacco product, 30.9% of those who had tried only a non-combustible product (OR 2.9, CI 1.9-4.5), and in 73.8 % of those who had smoked more than 100 cigarettes in their lifetime (OR 18.3, CI 8.4-40.1) Frequent use occurred in 1.0% of otherwise tobacco naive users in 2018 and 2.1% in 2019. Among otherwise tobacco naive past-30-day e-cigarette users in 2019, 8.7% reported craving and 2.9% reported wanting to use within 30 minutes of waking.

CONCLUSIONS: While use of e-cigarettes in US high-school students increased sharply between 2017 and 2019, frequent use and signs of e-cigarette dependence remained rare in students who had only ever used e-cigarettes and never any other tobacco product.
Češi a Slováci v Austrálii v 1. polovině 20. století a jejich účast ve světových válkách.
Authors: Polišenská Milada
Published: September 2020

Monografie se věnuje československým krajanům pobývajícím v Austrálii zaprvní i druhé světové války. Zachycuje válečné osudy Čechoslováků, kteří navzdálený kontinent odcestovali v době předválečné či meziválečné, ale takétěch, kteří se zde ocitli až po Mnichovu nebo po 15. březnu 1939 – mezi něpatřili především českoslovenští Židé. Na základě domácích i zahraničnícharchivních pramenů kniha popisuje, v jakém rozsahu se naši občané vAustrálii účastnili akcí na podporu prvního (1914–1918) a hlavně druhého(1939–1945) zahraničního odboje, včetně náboru do československévojenské jednotky na Středním východě nebo účasti Čechoslováků přímo vaustralské armádě. Přispívá tak k dosud poměrně málo prozkoumanéoblasti, již přitom rozhodně stojí za to věnovat další pozornost.
Deriving formulations for forecasting the ultimate strength of locally dented ring-stiffened cylinders under combined axial compression and radial pressure loads
Authors: Thang Do Quang
Published: September 2020

Introduction: This paper focuses on the derived equations to evaluate the ultimate strength of ring-stiffened cylinders with local denting damage under combined loadings. The damage generation scenarios in this research are representing the collision accidents of offshore stiffened cylinders with supply ships.
Methods: Numerical analysis of structures are performed using Abaqus software after validation against the experiments from the authors. The responses from seventeen cylinder specimens are analyzed to develop the numerical methods.
Results: Good accuracy results were achieved when comparing the test results and the simulation results. Parametric studies are then performed on design examples of ring-stiffened cylinders when considering both intact and damaged conditions for assessing the reduction factor. Then, the novel simple design equations to assess the residual strength of ring-stiffened cylinders after ship collision are derived based on the regression analysis. These equations have good accuracy with mean value Xm (Uncertainty modeling factor) around 1.0 and together with COV (Coefficient of Variation) lower than 5.3%.
Conclusion: The accuracy and reliability of the derived equations are validated by comparing it with the existing test data in open access. It is concluded that the proposed equations have high accuracy and reliability, and convenient application for the purpose of checking the residual strength of dented offshore cylinder under ship collisions.
Efektivitas Dosis dan Aplikasi Pupuk Npk Majemuk Pada Fase Vegetatif Pada Tanaman Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne)
Authors: Palupi Norry Eka , Aji Titistyas Gusti , Sari Dwi Kurnila , Sutopo Sutopo
Published: September 2020

Pengelolaan hara merupakan salah satu faktor penentu hasil dan kualitas buah yang tinggi. Selama ini, rekomendasi pupuk untuk tanaman stroberi menggunakan NPK 16-16-16. Pemupukan NPK 16-16-16 masih kurang mencukupi, sehingga petani masih menambahkan pupuk KNO3. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan pengujian terhadap pupuk NPK dengan komposisi berbeda yaitu dengan porsi K lebih tinggi (NPK 12-6-24). Pengujian efektivitas pupuk NPK dan cara aplikasi dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola pertumbuhan tanaman strawberry. Penelitian menggunakan RAL (Rancangan Acak Lengkap) Faktorial dengan 3 kali ulangan. Faktor pertama yaitu Dosis pupuk NPK 12-6-24 dengan taraf 0; 1 g (g/L); 2 g (g/L); 3 g (g/L); 4 g (g/L); dan pupuk NPK rekomendasi 16-16-16, 2 g (2 g/L). Faktor kedua yaitu cara aplikasi dengan taraf A1 (ditabur) dan A2 (dikocor). Data tinggi dan jumlah daun yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan Analysis of Variance aplikasi SPSS dan dilanjutkan dengan DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) taraf α 5%. Hasil pengujian pupuk NPK 12-6-24 terhadap pertumbuhan strawberry yang dibandingkan dengan  NPK 16-16-16 sebagai pupuk rekomendasi memperlihatkan bahwa interaksi antara perlakuan dosis dan cara aplikasi tidak berpengaruh nyata, namun perlakuan tunggal dosis berpengaruh nyata terhadap parameter tinggi dan jumlah daun tanaman strawberry. NPK 12-6-24 dosis 4 g aplikasi granul (ditabur) efisien terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman strawberry secara keseluruhan apabila mempertimbangkan tenaga kerja, sedangkan NPK 12-6-24 dosis 2 g aplikasi kocor efisien apabila mempertimbangkan jumlah pupuk yang digunakan dan Perlakuan NPK 12-6-24 lebih efisien dibandingkan pupuk NPK 16-16-16 rekomendasi pada semua parameter Kata Kunci: Strawberry, Pupuk NPK, Dosis, Aplikasi
Pengaruh Dosis Pemupukan dengan Puktan Granul Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Uji Kompatibilitas Bibit Tanaman Pangan dan Holtikultura
Authors: Sulistyaningsih Catur Rini , Handayani Catur Budi
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pupuk organik padat dalam bentuk granul terhadap pertumbuhan bibit tanaman uji (pepaya,kelengkeng, rambutan, jeruk, padi, sorgum dan sawi) dan mengetahui kompatibilitas akar bibit tanaman terhadap pupuk organik. Metode penelitian dibagi dalam 2 tahapan yaitu perkecambahan dan pembibitan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan uji statistik terhadap hubungan antara pemberian dosis pemupukan terhadap tinggi dan jumlah helai daun pepaya, kelengkeng, rambutan, padi, sorgum, sawi, dan jeruk menunjukkan bahwa pemupukan menggunakan pupuk tani granul pada gradasi 20 gram, 30 gram, dan 40 gram tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap tinggi tanaman dan jumlah helai daun. Untuk bobot tanaman baik bobot tanaman segar maupun kering tertinggi pada umumnya pada dosis pupuk 40 gram, kecuali tanaman sorgum tertinggi pada dosis 30 gram. Untuk root to shoot ratio tertinggi pada umumnya juga pada dosis pupuk 40 gram, kecuali pada tanaman sorgum tertinggi pada dosis pupuk40 gram, kecuali pada tanaman sorgum tertinggi pada dosis pupuk 20 gram. Uji kompatibilitas tertinggi pada dosis pupuk 40 gram pada tanaman padi, kelengkeng dan jeruk. Pada dosis 30 gram tertinggi pada tanaman rambutan, dan tertinggi pada dosis 20 gram pada tanaman pepaya dan sawi. Dan untuk tanaman sorgum baik pada dosis 20 gram, 30 gram dan 40 gram kolonisasi 0%.Kata Kunci : pupuk organik, kompatibilitas, bibit
Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Permintaan Daging Ayam Broiler Pada Rumah Tangga Di Kabupaten Demak
Authors: Rahmadani Febrianti , Budiraharjo Kustopo , Setiyawan Hery
Published: September 2020

ABSTRAK Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi permintaan daging ayam broiler dan mengetahui jumlah permintaan rumah tangga terhadap daging ayam broiler. Lokasi penelitian secara purposive, metode yang digunakan adalah metode survei, pengambilan sampel secara Quota Sampling , dan penentuan responden dengan metode Multistage Random Sampling yang terdiri dari 90 responden dari 3 Kecamatan di Kabupaten Demak. Analisis data menggunakan rumus Regresi Linier Berganda dalam fungsi logaritma (Ln). Variabel yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah harga daging ayam broiler (X1), harga ayam kampung (X2), pendapatan konsumen (X3), jumlah anggota keluarga (X4) dan selera konsumen (X5). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa variabel-variabel bebas yang diamati secara bersama-sama berpengaruh nyata terhadap permintaan daging ayam broiler. Secara parsial harga ayam kampung, jumlah anggota keluarga dan selera konsumen berpengaruh nyata terhadap permintaan daging ayam broiler, sedangkang harga ayam broiler dan pendapatan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap permintaan daging ayam broiler. Kata kunci : Ayam broiler, Faktor permintaan, Rumah tangga
Cohesión y coherencia en el texto argumentativo en defensa de la lengua portuguesa publicado por José Pacheco Pereira
Authors: Maldonado Gabriel Orlando Quiñones
Published: September 2020

Este artículo se basa en el área de la Sociolinguística Interaccional y presenta un análisis de extractos del texto argumentativo publicado por José Pacheco Pereira “O vírus que atacou a língua portuguesa”. Se analizaron fragmentos del texto para interpretar la cohesión y la coherencia y se presenta la justificación de sus argumentos en la lectura de este artículo. En esta iniciativa, los resultados revelaron la interpretación pragmática que el texto tuvo con la pandemia COVID-19.
Kohäsion und Kohärenz im argumentativen Text zur Verteidigung der portugiesischen Sprache, veröffentlicht von José Pacheco Pereira
Authors: Maldonado Gabriel Orlando Quiñones
Published: September 2020

Dieser Artikel basiert auf dem Bereich der Interaktionssoziolinguistik und präsentiert eine Analyse von Auszügen aus dem argumentativen Text von José Pacheco Pereira “O vírus que atacou a língua portuguesa”. Fragmente des Textes wurden analysiert, um Kohäsion und Kohärenz zu interpretieren, und die Rechtfertigung seiner Argumente bei der Lektüre dieses Artikels wird vorgestellt. In dieser Initiative offenbarten die Ergebnisse die pragmatische Interpretation, die der Text mit der COVID-19-Pandemie hatte.
Smart Home Berbasis IoT Menggunakan Suara Pada Google Assistant
Authors: Hanani Ajib , Hariyadi Mokhamad Amin
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini membangun sebuah Smart Home berbasis IoT menggunakan suara pada Google Assistant. Hal ini dibutuhkan sebagai solusi untuk orang sakit yang berada di kursi roda/tempat tidur atau orang disabilitas tetapi dapat berbicara atau orang lanjut usia yang tidak dapat mencapai saklar agar dapat menghidupkan/mematikan perangkat rumah. Selain itu, agar dapat mengontrol perangkat rumah dari jarak yang sangat jauh. Sistem yang dibangun menggunakan perintah suara pada aplikasi Google Assistant di android. Google Assistant mengubah perintah suara menjadi teks. Teks tersebut kemudian diteruskan dari Google Assistant ke Webhooks oleh IFTTT. Webhooks akan melakukan request ke HTTP RESTful API. Dengan library phpMQTT yang terdapat di HTTP RESTful API, perintah di publish ke MQTT Broker. ESP32 Dev Kit sebagai microcontroller yang terhubung dengan internet menerima perintah dari MQTT Broker untuk menyalakan atau mematikan lampu yang ada di rumah. Pada pengujian sistem telah berhasil menyalakan dan mematikan lampu dengan perintah suara menggunakan Google Assistant.
Hubungan Stress Dengan Kejadian Insomnia Pada Lansia Di UPTD PSLU Tresna Werdha Natar Lampung Selatan
Authors: Elliya Rahma , Furqoni Prima Dian , Ariska Mutiara Arini
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT : CORRELATION OF STRESS WITH INSOMNIA AN ELDERLY AT UPTD PSLU TRESNA WERDHA NATAR SOUTH LAMPUNG Background : Based on population projection data, in 2017 there were about 23.66 million elderly in Indonesia (9.03%). It was predicted that the number of elderlies in 2020 (27.08 million), in 2025 (33.9 million), in 2030 (40.95 million) and in 2035 (48.19 million). The number of elderly in Lampung Province based on Health Office of Lampung Province in 2016 was 516.246, and the number of elderly in Bandar Lampung city according to Health office of Lampung Province in 2016 was 118.316 people. The number of elderly in UPTD PSLU Tresna Werda as many 85 people. Most of them are elderly who suffered from stress of insomnia. Stress suffered by elderly could influence the time to sleep. Purpose : To know the correlation of stress with insomnia on elderly at UPTD PSLU Tresna Werda Natar South Lampung Year of 2019.Methods : This research type is Quantitative. The research design was Analytical Survey design method with cross sectional approach. The population as many 80 respondents, with 54 respondents, sampling in research was purposive sampling. Statistical test was by using chi square test.Result : There was the correlation of stress with insomnia on elderly at UPTD PSLU Tresna Werda Natar South Lampung Year of 2019 (p value 0.010. OR 5.6).Conclusion: There was the correlation of stress with insomnia on elderly at UPTD PSLU Tresna Werda Natar South Lampung Year of 2019.  Keywords: stress, insomnia, elderly  INTISARI : HUBUNGAN STRESS DENGAN KEJADIAN INSOMNIA DI UPTD PSLU TRESNA WERDHA NATAR LAMPUNG SELATAN Pendahuluan : Saat ini banyak masalah yang terjadi pada lansia baik secara fisik maupun psikologis, salah satunya adalah insomnia.Stres yang dialami oleh lansia dapatmempengaruhi kebutuhan waktu untuktidur.Jumlah lansia di UPTD PSLU Tresna Werda sebanyak 85 orang. Hasil presurvey menunjukkan sebanyak 70% mengalami kesulitan tidur.Tujuan : Diketahui hubungan stress dengan kejadian insomnia pada lansia di UPTD PSLU Tresna Werda Natar Lampung Selatan Tahun 2019.Metode : Jenis penelitian ini adalah Kuantitatif. Desain penelitian metode desainSurvei Analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional Populasi sebanyak 80 responden, dengan sampel sejumlah 54 responden, pengambilan sampel pada penelitian purposive sampling Uji statistik menggunakan uji chi square.Hasil penelitian: Adahubungan stress dengan kejadian insomnia pada lansia di UPTD PSLU Tresna Werda Natar Lampung Selatan Tahun 2019 (p value 0,010. OR 5,6).Kesimpulan: Adahubungan stress dengan kejadian insomnia pada lansia di UPTD PSLU Tresna Werda Natar Lampung Selatan Tahun 2019. Lansia mengalami stres dikarenakan tidak adanya dukungan keluarga dan kurangnya aktivitas fisik.  Kata Kunci          : Stress, Insomnia, Lansia
The Peasant Ghost
Authors: McBride Kameron , Meyer Jordan
Published: September 2020

This edition provides critical insight into the classic Japanese folktale comonly referred to as “The Ghost of Sakura.” Themes include the narrative of the feudal peasant, the cultural importance of the collective good, and the Western view of Japanese culture. We have also included two original essays by Mitford and an article from the New York Times in order to contextualize the cultural importance of this narrative on a global scale.
"Except That the Haunted, Hidden Thing Was Me"
Authors: Wolfe Esther
Published: September 2020

This paper examines motifs of ghostliness and haunting in representations of transsexuality,both in the violent and oppressive representations of transsexuality within a transphobic culture, and in the self-representation and narration of transsexuals themselves. Using scholarAvery Gordon’s definition of haunting—which characterizes haunting as the “knot” of oppression, self-representation, and knowledge production—this paper argues for the necessity ofrecognizing transsexual oppression as a form of cultural haunting.
Multilayered Specter, Multifaceted Presence
Authors: Hatfield Shelby , Hobbs Rebekah , Lynch Jared
Published: September 2020

This edition examines “The Tomb” in depth, including the historical context inwhich Lovecraft was writing, as well as the social and technological changesthat occurred. It exposes multilayered ghosts housed within the text. It alsoexamines Lovecraft’s fascination with the supernatural and the developmentof the horror genre, which he modeled after Poe’s work.
The Human Zoo: A Critique of Brett Bailey’s Exhibit B
Authors: Brown Mercadies
Published: September 2020

This essay examines Exhibit B, a controversial art installation by South African artist Brett Bailey in which actors portray historical scenes of colonialism and slavery. Exhibit B is meant to spread awareness of the widely popular human zoos of the past. Brown’s essay investigates whether or not recreating scenes of slavery does more harm than good.
Children in Chains: On the Productive and Exploitative Tendencies of Representation in Law & Order: Special Victims Unit
Authors: Hampshire Kathryn
Published: September 2020

This paper explores the depiction of child enslavement in the television show Law & Order: Special Victims Unit and how this portrayal is ambiguous as it both productively explores this issue and also exploits it for entertainment purposes. The author focuses on the program’s use of revictimization, the white savior trope, and its voyeuristic tendencies.
The Desensitization to Violence and the Perpetuation of Oppression and Slavery in Suzanne Collins’s The Hunger Games Trilog
Authors: Longenberger Bryce
Published: September 2020

This paper analyzes slavery in Suzanne Collins’s The Hunger Games trilogy by contextualizing her works within the history of Roman gladiator fighting and by examining the social structures of oppression within the society that Collins creates. The essay explores how the trilogy highlights the ways that people can perpetuate systems of slavery within a society when they become desensitized to violence and both benefit from and are entertained by the exploitation of others. 75
The Unseen Fat Woman
Authors: Longenberger Bryce
Published: September 2020

In The Big Bang Theory, Mrs. Wolowitz is theonly fat character on the show but is also the only character to never have her entire body shown to viewers. This essay analyzes the implications of removing the fat body from visual displays and how the show situates Mrs. Wolowitz within the contexts of the freak show, fat stigma, and corrective health narratives, which ultimately demandsthat fat bodies never be displayed to viewers.
Exhibit or Human?
Authors: Grosh Cassandra , Keck Sarah , Vazquez Isabel
Published: September 2020

Through researching the lives of the Aztec Children, the exploitation of performers becomesevident. These “children” were adults with a congenital disorder who were purchased and commodified since childhood. Due to the manipulationby their various owners, not even the true historyof these two are known. This article delves intothe history of these two, the issues surroundingtheir exhibition, and works at the time sheddingfurther light on their time touring the world.
Tradition vs. Innovation and the Creatures in Spirited Away
Authors: Hartman Emma
Published: September 2020

Japan is perhaps best known for creating the world-famous film style: anime. Popular with adults and children alike, anime boasts unfamiliar creatures that are sometimes considered strange or disturbing to the Western world. Hayao Miyazaki, perhaps the most well-known anime director, screenwriter, and animator, presents such fantastical creatures in Spirited Away. The creatures viewers encounter resemble kami, or spirits, from Japanese folklore. This paper explores how these spirits illuminate the tension between tradition and innovation within modern Japanese society. Traditions are not only preserved through Spirited Away, but are made relevant for Japanese youth, who are often perceived to be slipping away from Japanese tradition.
Change the Narrative
Authors: Drake Tynan
Published: September 2020

In post-apocalyptic fiction, the concept of empathy often is depicted as a weakness that the characters cannot afford if they hope to survive. This depiction leads to harmful perceptions on the value of empathy and its ability to avert apocalyptic catastrophes. By examining David Clement-Davies young adult novel The Sight through theories of narrative empathy and through James Berger’s theories of post-apocalyptic representation, this essay argues that by representing empathic understanding, fiction writers have the power to influence positive changes in real world situations. By representing the need to teach empathy for all people, regardless of their differences, and the harm a lack of empathy can cause on both a personal level and on a large societal scale, this novel encourages future generations to seek peaceful and empathic solutions instead of repeating the cataclysmic mistakes of their forebearers.
Jan Olof Bengtsson, The Worldview of Personalism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006)
Authors: Barden Garrett
Published: September 2020

Bengtsson ends his study thus: “There are good reasons for giving them [the personalists] a hearing again.” He makes his case in a good and demanding book.

As philosophers fall into obscurity, their place taken by others who in their turn will follow them, almost inevitably valuable ideas are lost. Bengtsson’s effort is to show the origins of (almost exclusively) American and British personalism in Jacobi and Schelling (who are better remembered than are those they influenced).
Ernesto Kiza, Tödliche Grenzen – Die fatalen Auswirkungen europäischer Zuwanderungspolitik (Münster: Lit Verlag, 2008)
Authors: Meckl Markus
Published: September 2020

To begin with, the author included his moral judgment already in the title, the ”fatal consequences of the European politics towards immigrants” (incidentally, the full title of Kiza’s volume reads as follows: Tödliche Grenzen – Die fatalen Auswirkungen europäischer Zuwanderungspolitik. Eine theoretisch-empirische Untersuchung von Todesfällen illegalisierter Migranten im Kontext neuer Migrationsdynamiken und restriktiver Migrationspolitiken). This is an irritating approach for a research which was pursued in order to obtain a PhD degree in political science. Do I, as a reader, want to be told what I have to think, or has the author so little confidence in his findings that he has to tell me as well how I have to read it?
Changes in Soil Organic Carbon Under Continuous Farming
Authors: Hamid Izzah Abd , Yahaya Wan Asrina Wan , Zawawi Norziana Zin
Published: September 2020

Cultivating a land without proper crop management may lead to diminished organic carbon. Thus, this study assesses the effects of long-term farming (2014 to 2018) on soil OC. This study was conducted in Share Farm II, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus on a selected area that practiced crop rotation. Soil samples have been collected according to grid sampling techniques by beds row and inter-row, and are analysed for soil pH, OM, TOC, and total N. The results show a trend in the alleviation of soil acidity with 2018 > 2016 > 2014, however, there is a diminished of TOC as the year of cultivation increases from 3.42% to 1.87%. The results show insufficient crop residue that returns to the soil system which has been subjected to flash flood and poultry manure application. In return, C retention ability was reduced, which further limit OM capability to supply nutrients upon decomposition. The correlation analysis has revealed that different types of crop residue such as grass clippings that have been applied in 2016 may be another reason for the insufficient N availability (0.44%). Therefore, the quantity and quality of residues may affect the decomposition rate and provide a lower C/N ratio, which significantly affects the soil pH, total N, and other nutrients that are essential for crop uptake.

Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(2): 175-181,  August 2020
Screening of Potential Bacterial Isolates as Specific Biofertilizer Agent for Mungbean Plants
Authors: Tarek Muhammad , Hoque Md Imdadul , Billah Rubaiyat Binte
Published: September 2020

The Experiment was performed under glass house condition (24°8´ N 90°0´ E) with eight rhizobial strains namely MBR-3, MBI-5, MBI-19, MBM-4, MBM-8, MBP-10, MBB-3 and MBJ-7 obtained from mungbean rhizosphere of different locations in Bangladesh and BINA MB-1 (a registered biofertilzer for mungbean) was used as standard check along with un-inoculated control to test their potentiality under glass house condition for mungbean. Result revealed that the higher plant growth, biochemical parameters, seed yield attributes and seed yield were recorded in three bacterial isolates viz., MBI-5, MBB-3 and biofertilizer, BINA MB-1 with being the highest in MBI-5. Therefore, the isolate MBI-5 may be used as commercial biofertilizer after few more trials in the different mungbean growing areas of Bangladesh

Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(2): 191-197,  August 2020
Thermal properties based on air temperature observations in different local climate zones in Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Ramírez-Aguilar EA , Souza LCL
Published: September 2020

This paper demonstrates an early application of local climate zones (LCZs) in the city of Bogotá, Colombia. The main goal was to assess the thermal properties within the areas of influence (sectors) of 10 meteorological stations in the city, classified into the LCZ scheme. Air temperature observations at 07:00, 13:00 and 19:00 h (T7:00,T13:00andT19:00) and daily measurements were obtained from the stations, and the maximum (Tmax), minimum (Tmin) and mean (Tmean) values were calculated. Their distribution and variation were analyzed, thermal sensation categories were calculated, and the thermal differences (ΔTLCZX-LCZD) between open-compact LCZ types and LCZD (typical rural type with low plants) were obtained in order to identify patterns between the stations and their assigned LCZs. Furthermore, we compared urban morphology (form) parameters to the ranges proposed in the literature to classify LCZs. The results clearly showed variations and patterns between the stations and their assigned LCZs when usingTmin,T7:00andT19:00air temperature data and the indices and categories calculated from these. Values of ΔTLCZX-LCZD> 5°C were found in the densely urbanised LCZ at night, and some negative values at noon suggested the presence of an urban cool island. The results show the usefulness of LCZs in understanding differences and temperature variations between divergent urban sectors. However, when different LCZ types are grouped, the thermal differences between them can be better appreciated and explained. The main conclusion is that the urban surface of Bogotá does not generate high temperatures, but decreases the occurrences of low values inTmin,Tmean,T19:00andT7:00.
Stolen from the Snows: John Kinsella as Poet and as Fiction Writer
Authors: Birns Nicholas
Published: September 2020

This piece explores the fiction of John Kinsella, describing how it both complements and differs from his poetry, and how it speaks to the various aspect of his literary and artistic identity, After delineating several characteristic traits of Kinsella's fictional oeuvre, and providing a close reading of one of Kinsella's Graphology poems to give a sense of his current lyrical praxis, the balance of the essay is devoted to a close analysis of Hotel Impossible, the Kinsella novella included in this issue of CounterText. In Hotel Impossible Kinsella examines the assets and liabilities of cosmopolitanism through the metaphor of the all-inclusive hotel that envelops humanity in its breadth but also constrains through its repressive, generalising conformity. Through the peregrinations of the anti-protagonist Pilgrim, as he works out his relationships with Sister and the Watchmaker, we see how relationships interact with contemporary institutions of power. In a style at once challenging and accessible, Kinsella presents a fractured mirror of our own reality.
Residual Valuation of Land Parcel at Airoli
Authors: Nagargoje Shekhar , Dhondiyal Jaikishan , Shetty Tanisha
Published: September 2020

In the absence of comparable sales, the development approach to valuation (also known as residual valuation) is considered an acceptable method to determine the value of land. The method involves considering the value after the completion of the development, then by deducting the cost of such a development, the remaining amount (residual amount) is the amount that a developer would be prepared to pay for such a property in order to obtain the development potential (Boshoff, 2011). Currently, Airoli real estate market is saturated and recently there has not been any transaction related to land parcels, so to derive at a land value application of residual valuation approach is appropriate as it take into consideration current real estate market trends, which directly rely on the proposed mix of development conceptualized by developer.
Digital Marketing Strategies for Rural India
Authors: Jayaprakash Shruthi
Published: September 2020

Digital marketing is dominating the market now. Though traditional marketing has not yet turned obsolete, digital marketing is surpassing traditional marketing. Digital marketing refers to advertising through digital means such as websites, social media (such as Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, YouTube etc.) emails and so forth. This is digital era and no one can deny the fact that there are immense possibilities in digital marketing. Social media marketing, email marketing, affiliation marketing, on-demand video streaming, the website, SEO, SEM etc. are attributes of digital marketing.

Currently, according to the report in rural India, 78 million users or around 48% use the internet daily, while 140 million, or around 83%use the internet at least once a month. Rural India contributes to over 60% of the country‘s GDP and with the staggering increase in internet usage, there is expected to be a significant uptick in digital commerce. Consumers are aware of the alternatives available to them, due to the internet. Digital marketing just aims at potential customers, making them aware of the products and services in the market thus consumers get familiar with the opportunities and choices handy and take sensible decisions. With digital marketing, consumers of the rural area have gained awareness about the brands.

The paper aims at finding out what digital marketing is all about, and how companies are adopting digital marketing strategies in rural areas to promote their products and make consumers aware, and also to gain a competitive edge over others. The paper describes the current scenario of digital market in rural areas and explores the challenges and opportunities businesses have with the companies going rural with digital marketing. Why are companies adopting it? What is the future of digital marketing in rural India? It concludes that digital marketing is something that will continuously grow in both practice and demand in rural areas.
Study of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code 2016
Authors: Bang Vritti , Bhansali Shreyansh , Doshi Devansh , Vedak Asawari
Published: September 2020

India has been riddling since decades with the problem of insolvency and bankruptcy issues. Several public sector banks, financial institutions and operational creditors were facing severe credit default risk. Various laws and codes have been passed as a corrective measure, but have proved to be inefficient and failed to provide any kind of relief to the creditors.

There was thus a need for reform in insolvency and bankruptcy laws. The Insolvency and Bankruptcy code 2016 (IBC) has been instrumental in creating a shift in the way the bankruptcy process of defaulting firms has been dealt with. The IBC 2016 promises to bring about transparency, method and infrastructure in the entire system of liquidation. Changing up core aspects of the insolvency process, it gives companies a well-deserved chance at revival. Despite the recent amendments to the code and regulation changes by the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India, there are still few grey areas in the code. This paper aims to thus test the effectiveness of the IBC 2016 since its introduction in 2016 and whether it resolves lags in the previous system. Hence, the paper dwells into the various components of IBC to critically analyse its sustainability and scalability. The research paper is purely based on secondary research through different news articles and reports from reliable sources.

Though it is too early to comment on the impact of the IBC 2016, the researchers have tried to study the code and conclude whether it will be successful in fixing the problems and will keep up to its promise in the long run.
Emotional, Social and Cognitive Intelligence
Authors: Greaves Cicely
Published: September 2020

Emotional, social and cognitive intelligence

When Emotional, Social and Cognitive Intelligences are used to manage one-self as a day to day practice, this will transcend in to all aspects of one‘s life. Most people operate based on their emotions, and in those irrational thoughts, irrational decisions are made and that can be detrimental to all involved. Many theorists in the past have discussed emotions and social and cognitive intelligence, and one of those theories are Emotional Intelligence (EI). According to Psychologytoday.com "Emotional intelligence refers to the ability to identify and manage one's own emotions, as well as the emotions of others". When it is used on a frequent basis to manage life in an organic way it will make the work environment more harmonious, there will be mutual respect if each person has self-respect first. Values are individual, but virtues transcend through all, and all can relate to the them. Virtues meaning Love, Peace, Happiness, etc. All human beings want these basic qualities in their lives. In expanding further, Carl Jung was a theorist who created 4 stages of Life and they are the athlete, the warrior, the statement, and the spirit. When one can understand the four stages in Life, one can be successful in living a life to its full potential in this era. This study will take us through the 4 stages of Life and how to use Emotional, Social and Cognitive Intelligence and other methods in every aspect of life.
Analyzing One Cell at a TIME: Analysis of Myeloid Cell Contributions in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment
Authors: Davidov Vitaliy , Jensen Garrett , Mai Sunny , Chen Shu-Hsia , Pan Ping-Ying
Published: September 2020

Tumor-mediated regulation of the host immune system involves an intricate signaling network that results in the tumor's inherent survival benefit. Myeloid cells are central in orchestrating the mechanisms by which tumors escape immune detection and continue their proliferative programming. Myeloid cell activation has historically been classified using a dichotomous system of classical (M1-like) and alternative (M2-like) states, defining general pro- and anti-inflammatory functions, respectively. Explosions in bioinformatics analyses have rapidly expanded the definitions of myeloid cell pro- and anti-inflammatory states with different combinations of tissue- and disease-specific phenotypic and functional markers. These new definitions have allowed researchers to target specific subsets of disease-propagating myeloid cells in order to modify or arrest the natural progression of the associated disease, especially in the context of tumor-immune interactions. Here, we discuss the myeloid cell contribution to solid tumor initiation and maintenance, and strategies to reprogram their phenotypic and functional fate, thereby disabling the network that benefits tumor survival.
GZ17-6.02 and Doxorubicin Interact to Kill Sarcoma Cells via Autophagy and Death Receptor Signaling
Authors: Booth Laurence , West Cameron , Hoff Daniel Von , Dent Paul
Published: September 2020

GZ17-6.02 (602) is presently under phase I clinical evaluation (NCT03775525). We defined the mechanisms by which it interacted with a standard of care therapeutic doxorubicin to kill sarcoma cells. Doxorubicin and 602 interacted to rapidly activate ATM and c-MET, inactivate mTOR, AKT, and p70 S6K, enhance the expression of Beclin1 and reduce the levels of K-RAS and N-RAS. This was followed later by the drugs interacting to reduce expression of MCL-1, BCL-XL, and HDAC6. Knock down of ATM prevented the drugs alone or in combination inactivating mTOR or activating ULK1. Knock down of c-MET significantly enhanced [doxorubicin + 602] lethality. Knock down of ATM and to a greater extent ULK1, Beclin1, or ATG5 significantly reduced killing by 602 alone or when combined with doxorubicin. Expression of an activated mTOR mutant suppressed killing, autophagosome formation and prevented autophagic flux. In the absence of Beclin1, knock down of CD95, or FADD, or over-expression of c-FLIP-s or BCL-XL abolished tumor cell killing. We conclude that 602 and doxorubicin interact to increase autophagosome formation and autophagic flux as well as causing elevated death receptor signaling resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction and tumor cell death.
Assessment of Olive Tree Canopy Characteristics and Yield Forecast Model Using High Resolution UAV Imagery
Authors: Stateras Dimitrios , Kalivas Dionissios
Published: September 2020

Greek agriculture is mainly based on olive tree cultivation. Farmers have always been concerned about annual olive orchard production. The necessity for the improvement of farming practices initiated the development of new technological tools that are useful in agriculture. The main goal of this study is the utilization of new technologies in order to define the geometry of olive tree configuration, while the development of a forecasting model of annual production in a non-linear olive grove, planted on a hilly uneven terrain is the secondary goal. The field’s orthomosaic, its Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and Digital Surface Model (DSM) were created by employing high resolution multispectral imagery. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) thematic map has also been developed. The trees’ crowns were isolated employing the field’s orthomosaic, rendering individual polygons for each tree through Object Based Image Analysis (OBIA). The measurements were conducted in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment and were also verified by ground ones. Tree crown height, surface, and volume were calculated, and thematic maps for each variable were created, allowing for the observation of the spatial distribution for each parameter. The compiled data were statistically analyzed revealing important correlations among different variables. These were employed to produce a model, which would enable production forecasting in kilograms per tree. The spatial distribution of the variables gave noteworthy results due to the similar pattern they followed. Future crop yield optimization, even at a tree level, can be based on the results of the present study. Its conclusions may lead to the development and implementation of precision olive tree cultivation practices.
Nitrogen Contents in Soil, Grains, and Straw of Hybrid Rice Differ When Applied with Different Organic Nitrogen Sources
Authors: Amanullah  , Ullah Hidayat , Soliman Elshikh Mohamed , Alwahibi Mona S. , Alkahtani Jawaher , Muhammad Asim , Khalid Shah , Imran
Published: September 2020

In the rice–wheat (R–W) system, inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizer (urea, etc.) is the largest component of the N cycle, because the supply of N from organic fertilizers is insufficient. But the 4% Initiative aims to improve organic matter and stimulate carbon sequestration in soils using best agronomic practices (sustainable management practices) which are economically, environmentally, and socially friendly. This research project was, therefore, designed to assess the impact of various organic sources (OS, animal manure versus plant residues), inorganic N (urea), and their different combinations on the N concentrations in soils and plants (i.e., grains and straw) of hybrid rice plants. The experiments were conducted on farmers’ fields in Batkhela (Malakand), northwestern Pakistan, over 2 years (2011–2012 (Y1) and 2012–2013 (Y2)). The results revealed that N concentrations in soil as well as in rice plants ranked first when applied with urea-N, followed by the application of N in mixture (urea + OS), while the control plots (no N applied) ranked at the bottom. Among the six OS (three animal manures: poultry, sheep, and cattle; and three crop residues: onion, berseem, and wheat), application of N in the form of poultry manure was superior in terms of higher N concentrations in both soil and plants. Applying the required total N (120 kg N ha−1) in the form of 75% N from urea +25% N from OS resulted in higher N concentrations in soil and plants in Y1. The required total N (120 kg N ha−1) application in the form of 50% N from urea +50% N from OS produced higher N concentrations in soil and plants in Y2. It was concluded from the results, that combined application of N sources in the form of urea + OS can produce good performances in terms of higher N concentrations in soil as well as in rice plants under the R–W system. Integrated use of urea (N-fertilizer) with organic carbon sources (animal manures and crop residue) could sustain rice-based (exhaustive) cropping system.
Sex Differences in Intestinal Microbial Composition and Function of Hainan Special Wild Boar
Authors: Wang Xiaozhe , Zhang Ying , Wen Qiong , Wang Ying , Wang Zhixin , Tan Zhen , Wu Kebang
Published: September 2020

The gut microbiome plays an important role in the health and disease status of the host. Research on the effect of sex on animal intestinal microorganisms is still limited; and the effect of castration on the gut microbiome of male pigs has not been fully investigated. In this study, 30 Hainan special wild boars at the same growth stage were divided into three groups (10 entire males, 10 females, and 10 castrated males). High-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing was used to investigate the fecal microbiota of the Hainan special wild boar. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Spirochaetes, and Proteobacteria were the five dominant phyla found in the specimens. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes was higher in the microbiota of female pigs than in male pigs, while Firmicutes was on the contrary. The percentage of Streptococcus and Lactobacillus was higher in males than females. The microbial diversity of females was significantly higher compared to males; castration increased the intestinal microbial diversity of males. Functional prediction showed that male fecal microorganisms were rich in membrane transport and carbohydrate metabolism; energy metabolism, glycan biosynthesis, and metabolism of cofactors and vitamins were rich in the female group; the fecal microorganisms of castrated males had higher membrane transport abundance.
Characteristics and Effects of Laminar Separation Bubbles on NREL S809 Airfoil Using the

γ

-

R

e
θ

Transition Model
Authors: Mo Jang-oh , Rho Beom-seok
Published: September 2020

Understanding the characteristics and effects of the laminar separation bubbles (LSBs) is important in the aerodynamic design of wind turbine airfoils for maximizing wind turbine efficiency. In the present study, numerical simulations using the γ-Reθ transition model were performed to analyze the flow structure of LSBs around a 21% thick NREL S809 airfoil. The simulation results obtained from the γ-Reθ transition model and the standard k-ε model for the aerodynamic coefficients at various angles of attack (AoAs) were compared with the wind tunnel data acquired from the Delft University 1.8 m × 1.25 m low-turbulence wind tunnel. When the AoA increased, the bubble on the suction airfoil surface was found to move closer to the leading edge owing to an earlier laminar separation (LS). Furthermore, the transition onset (TO) points were shown to occur right after separation, thus causing an abrupt increase in turbulence intensity (TI) and forming different bubble extents with increasing AoAs. Consequently, the transition model-based approaches can provide a clear understanding of the characteristics and effects of the LSB on airfoil aerodynamic performance. The findings of this study can provide important insights into redesigning an airfoil with a reduced bubble length causing the improved aerodynamic performance.
Comparison of the Causes of High-Frequency Heavy and Light Snowfall on Interannual Timescales over Northeast China
Authors: Wang Lushan , Fan Ke , Xu Zhiqing
Published: September 2020

This study investigates and compares the reasons for high-frequency heavy and light snowfall in winter on interannual timescales over northeast China (NEC) during 1961–2017. Results indicate that the frequency and its variability are strong over southeastern NEC for heavy snowfall but over northern NEC for light snowfall. Analysis of the annual cycle shows that the maximum frequency of heavy snowfall occurs in November and March due to more warm–wet air masses and increased atmospheric instability, and that of light snowfall occurs in December–January due to drier conditions and increased atmospheric stability. The frequency of heavy snowfall exhibits an increasing trend which partly results from the warming trend in NEC, while that of light snowfall shows a decreasing trend. High-frequency heavy snowfall is associated with a positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), warmer regional air temperatures, an increased water vapor budget associated with an anomalous anticyclone occupying the Kuril Islands, and relatively unstable atmospheric layers. High-frequency light snowfall is associated with a strengthened East Asian winter monsoon, colder regional air temperatures, a decreased water vapor budget, and relatively stable atmospheric layers. High-frequency heavy and light snowfall are both related to eastward-propagating quasi-stationary waves over Eurasia, but with different features. The waves of the former are located in midlatitude Eurasia and related to the positive phase of the NAO. The waves of the latter exhibit two pathways, located in midlatitude and northern Eurasia, respectively. The northern one can be partially attributed to a weak polar vortex. In addition, higher sea surface temperatures of the Kuroshio Extension may contribute to high-frequency heavy snowfall.
Histidine Residues Are Responsible for Bidirectional Effects of Zinc on Acid-Sensing Ion Channel 1a/3 Heteromeric Channels
Authors: Jiang Qian , Peterson Andrew M. , Chu Yuyang , Yao Xiaolan , Zha Xiang-ming , Chu Xiang-Ping
Published: September 2020

Acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) subunits 1a and 3 are highly expressed in central and peripheral sensory neurons, respectively. Endogenous biomolecule zinc plays a critical role in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Here, we found that currents recorded from heterologously expressed ASIC1a/3 channels using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique were regulated by zinc with dual effects. Co-application of zinc dose-dependently potentiated both peak amplitude and the sustained component of heteromeric ASIC1a/3 currents; pretreatment with zinc between 3 to 100 µM exerted the same potentiation as co-application. However, pretreatment with zinc induced a significant inhibition of heteromeric ASIC1a/3 channels when zinc concentrations were over 250 µM. The potentiation of heteromeric ASIC1a/3 channels by zinc was pH dependent, as zinc shifted the pH dependence of ASIC1a/3 currents from a pH50 of 6.54 to 6.77; whereas the inhibition of ASIC1a/3 currents by zinc was also pH dependent. Furthermore, we systematically mutated histidine residues in the extracellular domain of ASIC1a or ASIC3 and found that histidine residues 72 and 73 in both ASIC1a and ASIC3, and histidine residue 83 in the ASIC3 were responsible for bidirectional effects on heteromeric ASIC1a/3 channels by zinc. These findings suggest that histidine residues in the extracellular domain of heteromeric ASIC1a/3 channels are critical for zinc-mediated effects.