bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fazendo parentes entre os Baniwa: reflexões sobre as relações em campo
Authors: Vianna João Jackson Bezerra
Published: January 2020

Este artigo apresenta, a partir da minha pesquisa etnográfica entre os Baniwa (língua arawak, Noroeste Amazônico), relações possíveis entre antropólogos e seus anfitriões indígenas. Realizo isso a partir da relação que estabelecemos eu e Júlio Cardoso (83 anos), do clã Awadzoro, meu principal anfitrião. Procuro compreender esta relação além (ou aquém) de um pacto etnográfico (Kopenawa & Albert, 2015), observando-o em acordos contínuos e cotidianos que envolvem a filiação adotiva. Esta relação não pressupõe uma identificação por meio de laços biológicos coincidentes com a ideia euro-americana de consanguinidade, tampouco a compreendo, tal como defende Fausto (2008), enquanto uma filiação incompleta. Trata-se de uma relação que indicia diferentes posições, sempre reversíveis, caracterizando modos dinâmicos de fazer parentes. Para tanto, considerarei o parentesco com sendo analógico (Wagner, 1977) notando como a relação entre antropólogo e anfitriões baniwa pode ser situada em uma cadeia de analogias: empregados indígenas e patrões brancos, pais e filhos bastardos (maapatsika), entre os termos da filiação adotiva e, no limite, da filiação “legítima”. Ao final pretendo alcançar alguns entendimentos sobre o parentesco baniwa ao deslocar o foco sobre como ele é constituído em uma das fronteiras do seu campo: na relação com os brancos.
Zdravko Stoynov – the scientist who created new scientific horizons - Review
Authors: Vladikova Daria
Published: January 2020

This paper is in the memory of the big Bulgarian scientist Professor Zdravko Stoynov. An original and non-standard personality with the spirit of a gentleman, he turned all that he touched into a masterpiece. His innovative thinking which made him one of the world’s leaders in Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, chiseled away at the scientific taboos and created new scientific horizons. Zdravko Stoynov left us an abundant heritage – his spirit, his interminable capacity to wonder, his developments and inventions – all that he has taught us and brought up with. It has no dimensions but rather carries a unique value.
Drying Speed Testing of PES Fabric with Defined Moisture Management
Authors: Heinisch Tereza , Tesinova Pavla , Pološčuková Lucie
Published: January 2020

This paper deals with the evaluation of the moisture management of woven polyester fabric in three basic weaves – plain, twill and satin. It details types of liquid management and evaluates fabric comfort in terms of liquid moisture transport, drying speed and the moisture management of resistivity. It discusses the relationship between moisture management and the drying time of textile structures. New equipment is defined for drying speed determination, and its schematic and principles are discussed in this paper. Because the methods have some limitations and matters of presumption, the necessary interpretation of results is also discussed.
Case Study: Measuring the Thermal Insulation of Heated Protective Gloves on a Thermal Hand Model
Authors: Irzmańska Emilia , Bacciarelli-Ulacha Anna
Published: January 2020

This paper presents a study on the thermal insulation of commercial protective gloves with passive and active heating systems considering different simulated temperatures (-15 °C, -10 °C, 0 °C and +5 °C). The insulation parameter was determined on a thermal hand model for two heated gloves supplied with different heat sources (active and passive) according to an originally developed procedure. The results confirmed that the use of an additional heat source (active or passive) makes it possible to obtain higher values of thermal insulation, expressed by a change in the performance level. In addition, the results indicate that active systems are more effective than the passive heat sources tested. The procedure shows how to evaluate the performance of heated products. It was found that active and passive systems differentially follow temperature changes, and thus differ in the levels of thermal insulation provided in the workplace. Depending on the degree of exposure of the worker to a cold environment, it is advisable to wear gloves additionally equipped with passive or active heat sources.
Characteristics of Specialised Firefighter Clothing Used in Poland – the Thermal Parameters
Authors: Młynarczyk Magdalena
Published: January 2020

This paper describes the characteristic thermal parameters of firefighters’ personal protective clothing (FFPPC) used in Poland. The total thermal insulation and evaporative resistance of three different types of FFPPC were measured and used on a thermal manikin. Next, the results were compared. Based on the analyses and calculations of the test results, it was shown that FFPPC provides a barrier to the heat exchange between the user and the surrounding environment. Differences in the local thermal insulation can be triggered not only by the material used but they can also be attributable to clothes fitted on the manikin. The biggest differences can be noted on the segments forming part of the manikin’s trunk. No difference was found in the evaporative resistance between the clothes tested. In order to examine further the impact of the materials used on thermal parameters of protective clothing, it is necessary to carry out an analysis of the impact of individual layers.
Synthesis of a Decolourising Agent and its Application
Authors: Liu Yuanjun , Yu Yongtao , Du Huanfu , Niu Jiarong , Zhao Xiaoming
Published: January 2020

A type of cationic decolourising agent was prepared and applied to printing and dyeing wastewater treatment. The effects of the concentration of the decolourising agent, the pH value and stirring speed on decolourisation efficiency were studied. The results show that the optimum decolourisation process of the decolourising agent is determined as follows: at room temperature, a dosage of the decolourising agent of 7 mg/l, pH =7.0, and a stirring speed of 150 rpm. The decolourising agent applied to decolourise a direct dye, strong acid dye, weak acid dye and reactive dye in simulated wastewater showed high decolourisation efficiency in all cases. The range of decolourisation efficiency from the highest to lowest is as follows: direct dye, weak acid dye, strong acid dye, and reactive dye.
Change in health perceptions during immigration process a group of Syrian refugee women: analysis within the framework of transition theory of meleis
Authors: Korkmaz M. , Avci IA.
Published: January 2020

Purpose: Migration is a complex situational transition that rarely occurs in isolations. Use of the transitions framework allows for recognition of the complex, longitudinal, and iterative components and processes of migration. Refugees experience a long and anduous transition. Refugees may experience significant changes in health status. The study purpose to investigate the change in health perception of refugee women within the framework of transition theory.
Materials and methods: This study is a qualitative study. Data were collected with a semi-structured interview form at in-depth interviews. Obtained data were analyzed with inductive content analysis. Analysis of interview data provided by thirty Syrian refugee women.
Results: The refugee women’s changing in health perception were found to comprise the following themes "pre-migration access to health care system and medical practise", " experiences of immigration process", "access to health care system in Turkey and medical practice,” and “change in health perception" and subthemes.
Conclusions: Health perception for Syrian refugees women is status of well-being or not. Health status of refugees women got worse during immigration process and postmigration process. Because of refugee women in the face of some problems such as language barriers, lack of socio-economic situation, inadequacy of access to health care system all of these cause to be negatively change in health perceptions.
REPRIVATISATION, FUEL TRADING AND ISLAMIC
IMMIGRANTS AS THREE LEVELS OF THREATS
TO NATIONAL SECURITY
Authors: Falandys Karol , Łabuz Paweł , Barć Marek
Published: January 2020

The article presents diagnosed levels of internal security in the
Republic of Poland, which undoubtedly include: reprivatisation, the trade
in fuels and Islamic immigrants. The discussed determinants of modern
security are also a criminogenic area requiring constant recognition and
counteracting of potential threats in these areas.
Health Technologies and Smart & Integrated Care – Key Action 2 Stage of the Regions4PerMed (H2020) Project
Authors: D'Erico Gianni
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Educational interventions for an inclusive culture in primary school: The qualitative dimension of the PRO-SEL programme
Authors: Badia Mar , Escotorín Pilar , Morganti Annalisa , Roche Robert
Published: January 2020

Inclusive classrooms provide new opportunities for group membership and creation of effective learning environments. In order to facilitate the success of inclusion as an approach and philosophy, it is important that all class members as well as their teachers develop the skills to understand one another, and to communicate and work together effectively.
Students with or without disabilities have the right to be educated in the least restrictive, most appropriate environment. The movement toward less restrictive environments is not only a school phenomenon; it is a societal one with the ultimate goal being to have individuals with all types of disabilities live, work and be educated in their own communities. For this reason it is imperative that the schools adjust to serve all students. If we do not work in this line, it is conceivable that he/she will not develop the necessary skills for how to effectively live and work with them.
EBE-EUSMOSI have the aim to identify and integrate, within a reference model, the research procedures which can contribute to an evidence-based validation of educational programs aimed at school inclusion for all pupils.
The PROSEL program was conceived: (1) From the will to experiment with innovative didactic practices which support the structure of an inclusive school through the development of social, prosocial and emotional skills in all students; (2) From the commitment to give teachers, appropriate “tools” useful in their daily work and adaptable in the increasingly heterogeneous classes.
Four basic approaches to implement the PROSEL program: Systematical teaching of the social-emotional and prosocial competences; Integration of the social-emotional and prosocial competences in others subjects; Create a positive climate in class; Engaging the families.
A Conception of Philosophical Progress
Authors: Golding Clinton ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

There is no consensus about appropriate philosophical method that can be relied on to settle philosophical questions and instead of established findings, there are multiple conflicting arguments and positions, and widespread disagreement and debate. Given this feature of philosophy, it might seem that philosophy has proven to be a worthless endeavour, with no possibility of philosophical progress. The challenge then is to develop a conception of philosophy that reconciles the lack of general or lasting agreement with the possibility of philosophical progress. I present such a conception in this paper. I argue that the aim of philosophy is to resolve philosophical problems, which is different from establishing settled and final answers or positions. Philosophical problems involve inadequate or incongruous conceptions that cannot be settled once and for all but can be resolved by transforming our conceptions so they are now congruous and adequate. There is philosophical progress every time a warranted, defensible position is developed that resolves a philosophical problem, even if there are competing resolutions and further problems to resolve, as there always are in philosophy.
A Distinction between Science and Philosophy
Authors: Sinclair Nathan ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

Ever since Kant published his Critique of Pure Reason, most philosophers have taken the distinction between science and philosophy to depend upon the existence of a class of truths especially amenable to philosophical investigation. In recent times, Quine’s arguments against the analytic-synthetic distinction have cast doubt over the existence of such a class of special philosophical truths and consequently many now doubt that there is a sharp distinction between science and philosophy. In this paper, I present a perfectly sharp distinction between science and philosophy that does not depend upon any distinction between philosophical and scientific truths.
Philosophy and Poetry
Authors: Richter Duncan ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

Philosophy certainly has connections with science but it is not itself a science. Nor is it literature. But it is related to literature in a way that excessive emphasis on science can obscure. In this paper I defend the rather old-fashioned view that philosophy is essentially linguistic. I also argue, less conventionally, that there is an unavoidable personal aspect to at least some philosophical problems, and in answering them we must speak for ourselves without being able to count on every other speaker of our language agreeing with us or even understanding what we say. Where the rules of our language are not set we must, so to speak, make them up for ourselves as we go. In this way philosophy requires the kind of linguistic creativity more often associated with poetical kinds of literature. Drawing on the work of Cora Diamond and Alice Crary, I argue that philosophy should be regarded as, not identical with, but continuous with poetry.
There Is No Progress in Philosophy
Authors: Dietrich Eric ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

Except for a patina of twenty-first century modernity, in the form of logic and language, philosophy is exactly the same now as it ever was; it has made no progress whatsoever. We philosophers wrestle with the exact same problems the Pre-Socratics wrestled with. Even more outrageous than this claim, though, is the blatant denial of its obvious truth by many practicing philosophers. The No-Progress view is explored and argued for here. Its denial is diagnosed as a form of anosognosia, a mental condition where the affected person denies there is any problem. The theories of two eminent philosophers supporting the No-Progress view are also examined. The final section offers an explanation for philosophy’s inability to solve any philosophical problem, ever. The paper closes with some reflections on philosophy’s future.
Luchas de auto-afirmación disciplinar en la universidad francesa de la Tercera República: el debate Simiand-Seignobos
Authors: Domínguez González David J.
Published: January 2020

En este artículo revisaremos el clásico debate que enfrentó a Simiand y Seignobos en la primera década del siglo XX. Por lo general, la imagen oficial del asunto retiene sólo el aspecto epistemológico de la disputa. Se recuerda a esta última por la crítica de Simiand a los determinismos implícitos (ídolo político, individual, cronológico) en el método de los historiadores. Lo que se propone, sin embargo, en este texto es un cambio de mirada en la comprensión de esta disputa intelectual. Lejos de agotar el interés en la confrontación sobre las prácticas científicas normales, se procederá a insertar la disputa en el marco de una lucha más amplia que opone dos candidaturas (sociología e historia) a la hegemonía de las ciencias humanas de la universidad francesa. Para ello es preciso analizar qué margen de cobertura institucional detentaba en ese momento la disciplina histórica y la sociología en el marco de la enseñanza superior republicana. Por último, se reflexiona sobre la falta de simetría que caracterizó a la relación entre ambas disciplinas, para concluir que tal disparidad quizá sea la causa del semifracaso del ataque durkheimiano frente a los historiadores. In this article we will review the classic(well-known/traditional) debate faced by Simiand and Seignobos in the first decade of the 20th century. Generally, the epistemological aspect of the dispute is considered the main matter at stake. The debate is usually remembered due to Simiand’s critique on the implicit determinisms (political, individual, chronological idol) in the historians’s method. Nevertheless, the purpose of this article is to suggest a change of look in understanding this intellectual dispute. Far from exhausting the discussion on normal scientific practices’ confrontation, the dispute will be studied within the framework of a broader struggle in which two candidatures (sociology and history) strives for the hegemony of the human sciences of the French university. To that end, it is necessary to analyze which institutional spaces were respectively filled by the historical and by the sociological discipline within the framework of the republican higher education. Finally, we will reflect on the lack of symmetry that characterized the relationship between both disciplines, to conclude that such disparity may be the cause of the semi-failure of the Durkheimian attack against the historians.
Rosalía de Castro e influencias. Un diálogo entre o centro e a periferia
Authors: Vázquez Vidal Vicente
Published: January 2020

Rosalía de Castro (1837-1885) representa un papel canónico tanto na literatura castelá como na galega. Propomos unha visión da súa figura autoral á luz da Teoría dos Polisistemas Literarios formulada por Itamar Even-Zohar, a cal entende a tradución literaria como un factor fundamental do concepto de influencia. Acto seguido, presentaremos un exercicio de literatura comparada onde poremos en relación as obras de Rosalía coas doutros autores da sua época, o que nos dará una mellor idea do seu papel, tanto nas relacións centro-periferia literarias, como na configuración dunha literatura europea. Veremos como a autora bebe de fontes literarias insospeitadas. Por último, examinaremos a súa obra de para ver como Rosalía escapa de calquera clasificación tradicional posible, sendo o seu espazo de acción, precisamente, a fronteira.Rosalía de Castro (1837-1885) holds a canonic role in both Castilian and Galician literature. A vision of her authorial identity is proposed in terms of Itamar Even-Zohar’s Polysystem Theory, which understands literary translation as a fundamental factor in the concept of influence. Subsequently, an exercise in comparative literature will be presented in which de Castro’s Works are examined in relation to those of other authors of her time, which will shed light on the nature of her role, both in center-periphery relations and in the constitution of a European literature. De Castro’s unsuspected sources of literary inspiration will then be discussed. Lastly it will be considered how de Castro’s body of work has escaped from any traditional classification whatsoever, as its sphere of action is, for all intents and purposes, the border space.
Un manual afortunado: La Introducción a la Historia de España de Ubieto-Reglá-Jover, 1963
Authors: Abad Nebod Francisco
Published: January 2020

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Is lifestyle a determining factor for body satisfaction in high education?
Authors: Nascimento Junior José Roberto Andrade do , Moreira Caio Rosas , Gonçalves Marina Pereira , Bezerra Thaynã Alves , Souza Filho Anastacio Neco de , Fiorese Lenamar , Carvalho Ferdinando Oliveira
Published: January 2020

People's lives are increasingly hurrying because of several factors that interfere with lifestyle. However, little is known how much this style interferes in people body satisfaction. This study investigated the impact of lifestyle on body satisfaction of the university community. A total of 659 students (n=460), professors (n=49) and administrative staff (n=150) of a federal northeastern Brazilian university, answered the Body Satisfaction Situational Scale and Fantastic Lifestyle Questionnaire. Linear regression indicated that the work has a positive impact on the satisfaction of external parties for students, while for the administrative staff was the lowest alcohol consumption and being with family/friends that the impact, as professors, body satisfaction suffered impact of higher alcohol consumption, aggressive behavior, sleep deprivation, lower stress management and unsafe attitudes (p < .05). It is concluded that the lifestyle profile can be considered a determining factor for body satisfaction in higher education, contributing or not for higher body satisfaction.
Dissimilaridade entre o estado de humor, humor deprimido e qualidade de vida em atletas com deficiência visual
Authors: Vigário Patricia dos Santos , Lemos Julia Ribeiro , Mainenti Míriam Raquel Meira , Neves Angela Nogueira
Published: January 2020

O objetivo foi avaliar o estado de humor, o humor deprimido e a qualidade de vida de atletas de rendimento com deficiência visual, assim como a dissimilaridade entre estes constructos e a prática esportiva. Foi realizado um estudo seccional com 44 atletas com baixa visão ou cegueira total (26,8 ± 6,0 anos de idade; 72,7% homens), sendo 11 atletas de futebol de cinco, 14 de goalball, 2 de atletismo e 17 de judo. Os seguintes instrumentos na sua versão em portugues foram utilizados: (i) Profile of Mood States (POMS); (ii) Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) e (iii) Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Os participantes apresentaram o perfil de iceberg desejável para a POMS, 81,8% apresentou “nenhum risco” de transtorno depressivo e todos os escores dos domínios do SF-36 estavam acima da média. Foi encontrada correlação positiva entre a duração da sessão de treino e o fator “vigor” da POMS, dentre outras. Os participantes do estudo apresentaram perfil positivo nos estados de humor, baixo risco de ocorrência de transtorno depressivo e uma percepção positiva de qualidade de vida. Parece haver proximidade de elementos da prática esportiva com os estados de humor e domínios da qualidade de vida, e portanto devem ser acompanhados.
Percepción emocional de estudiantes universitarios en la asignatura de Baloncesto
Authors: Mujica Johnson Felipe Nicolás , Jiménez Sánchez Ana Concepción
Published: January 2020

Las emociones experimentadas por los estudiantes universitarios en sus asignaturas obligatorias de formación profesional, son una parte fundamental del proceso educativo, las cuales se relacionan con diferentes factores como el bienestar subjetivo, las metas de logro, la motivación intrínseca o la experiencia deportiva. Con la finalidad de abordarlas desde una perspectiva pedagógica, se ha desarrollado un estudio que tuvo por objeto analizar la percepción de las emociones positivas y negativas para el bienestar subjetivo en los estudiantes de la asignatura de Baloncesto del Grado en Ciencias del Deporte, en función de la experiencia deportiva. Su diseño responde al paradigma interpretativo y sus participantes son 19 estudiantes con un rango de edad de 19 a 28 años. Los datos fueron recogidos a través de un diario personal y entrevistas semi-estructuradas. Para el análisis de contenido, se utilizó el programa Atlas.ti 7.5. Los principales resultados indican que los estudiantes atribuyen sus emociones positivas y negativas a motivos similares en función de la experiencia deportiva, pero al mismo tiempo, existen motivos independientes sobre la facilidad de realizar las tareas de baloncesto, la colaboración en la clase, el resultado de los juegos con competencia y el deseo de practicar baloncesto. Por lo tanto, se concluye que para abordar la dimensión afectiva en la asignatura de baloncesto, es preciso diagnosticar el nivel de aprendizaje en baloncesto, los recuerdos afectivos en la práctica de baloncesto y las expectativas en relación a los objetivos de la asignatura.
Propiedades Psicométricas de la Escala de Perfeccionismo en el Deporte (PPS-S) para el contexto brasileño.
Authors: Angelo Daniela Lopes , Neves Angela , Correa Mariana , Sermarine Marcia , Zanetti Marcelo , Brandão Regina Ferreira
Published: January 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo fue adaptarse interculturalmente y examinar las propiedades psicométricas de la Performance Perfectionism Scale for Sport(PPS-S) para uso en la población brasileña. Este instrumento fue basado en el modelo teórico de Hewitt y Flett y desarrollado por Hill, Appleton y Mallinson para medir el perfeccionismo en un contexto específico del desempeño deportivo. La validación del instrumento siguió las directrices para adaptaciones transculturales de instrumentos de medidas en ciencias de la salud. Después de la adaptación cultural de la escala original en inglés, el instrumento fue aplicado en 953 atletas (15-16 años) de ambos sexos. El modelo original de la escala fue probado, con análisis factorial confirmatorio, utilizando el software LISREL (versión 9.30). Los resultados mostraron un ajuste satisfactorio con 3 factores y 9 ítems (χ2 = 116,15 p <0,001, RMSEA = 0,063, GFI = 0,974, AGFI = 0,961, NFI = 0,937, CFI = 0,928, NNFI = 915, χ2 / gl = 4,83). Las pruebas satisfactorias de consistencia interna también se generaron a través del análisis de cargas factoriales y valores t.Contrariamente, los índices de alfa de Cronbach y confiabilidad compuesta no fueron adecuados en la variable latente que se refiere al perfeccionismo auto-orientado. La varianza media extractada carecía de buen ajuste y sólo asumió validez convergente en uno de los tres factores del instrumento.La validez discriminante también sugiere evidencia poco contundente y, por lo tanto, más estudios con otras muestras de atletas son necesarios para evaluar de forma más adecuada las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento y afirmar su uso adecuado.
Exploring Adherence to First-Line and Second-Line Immunotherapies in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Pust Gesa E.A. , Untiedt Benthe , Randerath Jennifer , Barabasch Anna , Köpke Sascha , Rahn Anne C. , Hansen Hilke , Heesen Christoph
Published: January 2020

Background:

Treatment adherence is fundamental in multiple sclerosis (MS) management. Adherence rates vary significantly between studies, ranging from 30% to almost 90%, depending on assessment method and medication type. This study aimed to identify patient-related categories associated with treatment modification or discontinuation in people with MS receiving either first- or second-line treatment.

Methods:

Semistructured interviews were performed with 23 people with MS: 11 receiving first-line treatment and 12 receiving second-line treatment. Medication history, experiences with previous medications, decision-making processes regarding immunotherapy, adherence behavior, and reasons for adherence/nonadherence were explored using open-ended questions. Qualitative content analysis was performed using a combined deductive-inductive approach in building a coding frame. Differences in coding frequencies were compared between the two groups and analyzed quantitatively. Cohen’s kappas of 0.76 for people with MS receiving first-line treatment and 0.64 for the second-line sample were achieved between the two coders.

Results:

One key reason for nonadherence reported by first-line–treated people with MS was burdensome side effects, and for adherence was belief in medication effectiveness. In people with MS receiving second-line treatment, lack of perceived medication effectiveness was a key category related to changes in or discontinuation of immunotherapy. Reasons for adherence were positive illness beliefs/perceptions and belief in highly active disease. Intentional nonadherence was a major issue for first-line treatment and less relevant for second-line treatment.

Conclusions:

These results indicate specific differences in factors mitigating adherence in people with MS receiving first- and second-line treatment.
Discourse as a language contact phenomenon: evidence from Mexican-American bilinguals
Authors: Pawliszko Judyta
Published: January 2020

This article is the result of a study conducted within the theoretical framework of ethnography of communication. One of the main purposes of this study was to examine discourse strategies among Mexican-American bilinguals residing in the Los Angeles area. The examination of strategies used in oral and written conversations demonstrates the existence of numerous stylistic features. Mexican-American bilingual discourse is characterized by the use of code-switching, culturally-motivated borrowings from English and, in general, the dominance of the English language in conversation. Undoubtedly, these discursive phenomena stem from socioeconomic and cultural forces and the prestige of English as the dominant linguistic system of the American society.
Ku pamięci. Kolor w dyskursie akademickim
Authors: Loewe Iwona
Published: January 2020

The article refers to the theory of colour, the theory of perception, contemporary media morphosis and the postulates of multimedia stylistics. The author undertakes the presented deliberations for two reasons. Perception, remembering and learning are important for the teaching process at the university regardless of the passage of time. Both the lecturer and the student are interested in the effective acquisition of content. Multimodality as an attribute of the prevailing products of contemporary culture should be the subject of interest for discourse linguistics.
The author’s research goal is to examine the effectiveness of font colours used in academic Power Point slides.
In a multimedia presentation as a form of a lecture, a public reception takes place, alongside listening with reading and watching. The synergy of the spoken word and the bit-based text occurs. The author puts forward the claim that colour can be a factor in supporting or losing the listener’s directional attention. The second claim is that a colourful area, or a background for a printed text, is different from the colour of the font used in a text that students are required to read and watch from a distance.
When the lecturer stands in front of the audience, they can manage its attention through various means. One of them is visualization in the form of the font colour choice within the slide.
The article is a proposal of a certain type of research, but the author also presents the results of an experiment. Its results allow to reject the dominant role of the text placed on the slide. Some students correctly recalled the information conveyed only in the spoken form.
Metaforyzacja dyskursu naukowego: pojęcia „transakcji”, „gry”, „teatru” i „głodu” w języku interakcjonistów
Authors: Borysławska Magdalena
Published: January 2020

The article deals with a linguistic approach to the subject of interpersonal interactions and the use of metaphors as a rhetorical techniques in the scientific register. The aim of this text is to describe the role of conceptual metaphors in scientific texts dealing with the theory of interactionism. Within the analysis of the linguistic and stylistic layer of theoretical studies of interactionism, the author will identify analogies between the particular aspects of interactions and source domains, which affect the constitution of certain forms of social cognition and thus the construction of knowledge. The study follows the methodological approach of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA).
Wizualny populizm: analiza praktyk multimodalnych na przykładzie plakatów wyborczych z Polski i Niemiec
Authors: Czachur Waldemar , Pappert Steffen
Published: January 2020

The aim of the article is to present a picture of populist parties on the example of selected election posters from Germany and Poland. We assume that linguistic and visual stereotypes play a special role as collectively recognized knowledge formations in the process of creating populist images of the world. By analyzing election posters, we want to capture the specificity of multimodal practices through which populists invoke stereotypes in order to activate the desired emotions and legitimize their interests. Using selected posters from Poland and Germany as an example, we want to capture communication strategies and multimodal practices typical of populist parties.
Fake news. Dlaczego im ulegamy. Albo: „Urządzę wam świat tak, jak mi się podoba”
Authors: Antos Gerd
Published: January 2020

Historically speaking, fake news is not a new phenomenon. Social media, however, increase the media appeal of fake news, on the one hand by reducing facts to fictions and, on the other, by aligning news with opinions. The article highlights some of the interactions of deception and self-delusion, as well as rhetorical enchantment and self-enchantment. This explains why we so easily fall for fake news.
Das Kochrezept im digitalen Raum. Immer noch eine Alltagsselbstverständlichkeit? Text- und medienlinguistische Überlegungen
Authors: Hanus Anna , Kaczmarek Dorota
Published: January 2020

Until recently, cooking recipes were classified as ‘obvious’ text types that “exist in everyday life without any problems” (cf. Brinker 41997: 128, Gansel / Jürgens 22007: 54, Brinker / Cölfen / Pappert 82014: 133). Their multimodality and multimediality seem to call this matter of course into question. Considering that cooking recipes can be presented in various ways and forms in the media, the aim of this article is to discuss their possible classification as texts on a selected example. In line with the approach of Adamzik (2001), the examined material is analyzed and described from different perspectives.
Swoiste sposoby określania czynności przy ich powtórnym opisie
Authors: Glovinskaja Marina J.
Published: January 2020

The article is devoted to a separate variety of statements: statements reporting the content of other statements. The author refers to this type of speech as ‘retelling’ (Russian: pereskaz) and points to its use in presenting the content of literary works, journalistic texts, various cultural texts (film, opera, ballet, etc.) and, less frequently, also spoken statements. One typical where these forms occur are headlines reporting on the content of the following text and stage directions.
‘Retelling’ is characterized by specific ways of using the forms of the perfective and imperfective aspects of the verb and the use of temporal forms of the verb, different from the usual dependence of tenses (such as ‘future in the past’). This is justified by their metatextual function. In these cases, there is a transition to the second or even third level of temporal deixis, when events are not presented (as opposed to a simple statement) from the point of view of the ‘here and now’ of the current sender but, instead, presented as elements of the reality already presented in the previous statement and reported from the perspective of its author or recipient/interpreter (who may assume different time perspectives vis-à-vis the content of the presented text). A thorough analysis of the material illustrating the ‘retelling’ in the article reveals specific cases of synonymy between different tense-aspect verb forms.
Social rank overrides environmental and community fluctuations in determining meat access by female chimpanzees in the Taï National Park, Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Riedel Julia , Polansky Leo , Wittig Roman M. , Boesch Christophe
Published: January 2020

Meat, long hypothesized as an important food source in human evolution, is still a substantial component of the modern human diet, with some humans relying entirely on meat during certain times of the year. Understanding the socio-ecological context leading to the successful acquisition and consumption of meat by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), our closest living relative, can provide insight into the emergence of this trait because humans and chimpanzees are unusual among primates in that they both (i) hunt mammalian prey, (ii) share meat with community members, and (iii) form long-term relationships and complex social hierarchies within their communities. However, females in both human hunter-gatherer societies as well as chimpanzee groups rarely hunt, instead typically accessing meat via males that share meat with group members. In general, female chimpanzee dominance rank affects feeding competition, but so far, the effect of female dominance rank on meat access found different results within and across studied chimpanzee groups. Here we contribute to the debate on how female rank influences meat access while controlling for several socio-ecological variables. Multivariate analyses of 773 separate meat-eating events collected over more than 25 years from two chimpanzee communities located in the Taï National Park, Côte d’Ivoire, were used to test the importance of female dominance rank for being present at, and for acquiring meat, during meat-eating events. We found that high-ranking females were more likely to be present during a meat-eating event and, in addition, were more likely to eat meat compared to the subordinates. These findings were robust to both large demographic changes (decrease of community size) and seasonal ecological changes (fruit abundance dynamics). In addition to social rank, we found that other female properties had a positive influence on presence to meat-eating events and access to meat given presence, including oestrus status, nursing of a small infant, and age. Similar to findings in other chimpanzee populations, our results suggest that females reliably acquire meat over their lifetime despite rarely being active hunters. The implication of this study supports the hypothesis that dominance rank is an important female chimpanzee property conferring benefits for the high-ranking females.
The effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on the transcriptome of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) knock-down porcine granulosa cells
Authors: Ruszkowska Monika , Sadowska Agnieszka , Nynca Anna , Orlowska Karina , Swigonska Sylwia , Molcan Tomasz , Paukszto Lukasz , Jastrzebski Jan P. , Ciereszko Renata E.
Published: January 2020

Background

2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a toxic man-made chemical, adversely affecting reproductive processes. The well-characterized canonical mechanism of TCDD action involves the activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway, but AhR-independent mechanisms were also suggested. By applying RNA interference technology and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) we aimed to identify genes involved in the mechanism of TCDD action in AhR knock-down porcine granulosa cells.

Methods

Porcine granulosa cells were transfected with small interfering RNAs targeting mRNA of AhR. After transfection, medium was exchanged and the AhR knock-down cells were treated with TCDD (100 nM) for 3, 12 or 24 h, total cellular RNA was isolated and designated for NGS. Following sequencing, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. To analyze functions and establish possible interactions of DEGs, the Gene Ontology (GO) database and the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database were used, respectively.

Results

The AhR gene expression level and protein abundance were significantly decreased after AhR-targeted siRNAs transfection of the cells. In TCDD-treated AhR knock-down cells we identified 360 differentially expressed genes (DEGs;P-adjusted < 0.05 and log2 fold change [log2FC] ≥ 1.0). The functional enrichment analysis of DEGs revealed that TCDD influenced the expression of genes involved, among other, in the metabolism of vitamin A, follicular development and oocyte maturation, proliferation and differentiation as well as inflammation, stress response, apoptosis and oncogenesis. The three-time point study demonstrated that TCDD-induced changes in the transcriptome of AhR knock-down porcine granulosa cells were especially pronounced during the early stages of the treatment (3 h).

Conclusions

TCDD affected the transcriptome of AhR knock-down porcine granulosa cells. The molecules involved in the AhR-independent action of TCDD were indicated in the study. The obtained data contribute to better understanding of molecular processes induced by xenobiotics in the ovary.
Handling and Hygiene Practices of Food Vendors in Rivers State University and Its Environment
Authors: Eke-Ejiofor J. , A. Beleya E. , D. Ezeonyeasi O.
Published: January 2020

The study assessed handling hygiene practices of food vendors in Rivers State University and its environment. A survey research design was adopted for the study while the population consisted of food vendors who prepare and sell ready-to-eat foods in the study area. Snowball sampling technique was used for the study and a total of thirty food vendors constituted the sample size for the study. A self-assessment form was used for data collection and data analyzed with frequency, percentages and Pearson’s correlation. The result showed that majority of the food vendors had no access to portable water and the operating environment untidy.  Most (60%) of the food vendors appeared clean and 70% of them use personal protective clothing while 70% and 97% of them handled foods and money with bare hands while serving food. Storage of cooked food was properly kept in covered containers by 70% of the vendors while 60% of the vendors did not separate raw and cooked foods. Seventy seven (77) percent of vendors did not keep cold foods in refrigerators or ice boxes as to maintain the temperature of the food. Only 40% of the food vendors covered unused utensils while 57% of them did not clean utensils properly after use. The study found out that all the food vendors washed utensils with cold soapy water and 90% of the vendors re-used water for washing utensils.
Adrenaline and Dexamethasone, vs Adrenaline and Fluticasone, vs Adrenaline alone in Bronchiolitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: R. Gohil Jayendra , Sheladiya Atul M. , Adithya N. B. , Bhojak Ratna D.
Published: January 2020

Background and Objectives: There is no consensus over which drug best reduces symptoms in Bronchiolitis syndrome. The primary objective of our study is to establish comparative effect of adrenaline nebulisation alone and combination of adrenaline nebulisation plus injectable dexamethasone and adrenaline nebulisation plus fluticasone nebulisation in the treatment of clinical cases of bronchiolitis.

Methods: 100 patients diagnosed clinically as bronchiolitis were enrolled in study from 1 month to 24 months of age. Patients were enrolled by purposive sampling. Patients with respiratory distress assessment instrument score [RDAI] of 4 to 15 were chosen, randomized into three groups and treatment given till patient fullfilled discharge criteria. Group A (n=33) were given nebulised adrenaline alone, Group B (n=34) were given nebulised adrenaline plus injectable dexamethasone and Group C (n=33) were given nebulised adrenaline plus nebulised fluticasone.

Results: The mean reduction in clinical severity-RDAI score was 1.75 ±0.86 in Group A, 2.30 ± 0.68 in Group B and 1.42 ± 0.9 in Group C when measured in terms of difference in clinical scores between day 1 and 2 (p=0.0003).

Mean duration of hospital stay in the group A was (4.93±1.95 days), Group C (4.78±1.83) and Group B (3.91 ±1.37 days). The difference of stay between the Groups A and B was 1.02±0.58 days vs 0.87± 0.46 days in groups B and C (p-0.0048). Reduction in the length of hospital stay in group B was 22% compared to Group A & 19% compared to Group C (p-0.0048).

Side effects were tachycardia in six patients.

Conclusion: Combination of adrenaline nebulization and injectable dexamethasone was found significantly better as compared to nebulised adrenaline plus nebulised fluticasone and nebulised adrenaline alone in patients of clinical bronchiolitis in reducing severity of clinical symptoms and duration of hospitalization.
Somatics Symptoms and Depression: A Review
Authors: Herrera-Estrella M. , Izar E. , Luna K. , Cuellar-García M.
Published: January 2020

Aims: The objective of this review has been to highlight the importance of non-specific and painful symptoms of depression since sometimes the person does not notice or is not able to talk about their emotional symptoms. This leads us to refine the search for symptoms that can mask depression and not be treated properly. This is important as it is predicted that by 2020 depression will be the leading cause of disability in the world.

Method: We review some articles that relate depression to painful symptoms.

Results: Patients with the major depressive disorder may present, as initial complaints, multiple somatic complaints, nonspecific and especially pain, which complicates their diagnosis and sometimes leads them to not receive treatment for depression, complicating its evolution and deteriorating the quality of life.

Conclusion: Depression can have many forms of presentation, people can complain of multiple non-specific symptoms, which do not allow a diagnosis of medical disease so it will be necessary to look for affective symptoms, investigate factors that trigger their condition to achieve an adequate diagnosis, provide the indicated medication and allow them a better quality of life.
The Effect of Nursing Communication Skills Training on Satisfaction of Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Authors: Salmani Zahra , Shiri Hossein , Mofrad Malahat Nikravan , Nasiri Malihe
Published: January 2020

Background: Communication skills of nurses include two important verbal and non-verbal communication dimensions and have of great importance in hemodialysis patients. This study aimed to investigate the effect of nursing communication skills training on satisfaction of patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Methods: This quasi-experimental (pretest and posttest design) was carried out on 64 nurses working in the dialysis ward and 90 hemodialysis patients in the hospitals affiliated with Alborz University of Medical Sciences. In this study, nurses and patients were selected by convenience and randomized sampling methods, respectively. In this regard, subjects were selected from the hemodialysis wards of Bahonar, Rajaei and Shariati hospitals in Karaj.

Results: Most nurses were female (76.7%) and the age range of the participants was 23-54 years. Nurses achieved a high score in all dimensions of communication skills and a high total score of communication skills after the intervention, and none of them obtained a low score. There was a significant increase in nurses' communication skills after the intervention, compared to before the intervention (106.98±4.18 and 117.97±3.35) (P<0.001). Moreover, the results showed a significant change in nurses’ perception after the intervention in various dimensions of communication skills, such as ability to receive and send messages, emotional control, listening skills, nurses' insight into the communication process and assertive communication skills, compared to before the intervention (66.90±5.15 and 95.62±5.34) (P<0.001).

Conclusion: Studying communication skills in the form of educational workshops could increase these skills in nurses and clinical personnel in general. More importantly, improved communication skills in nurses could increase patient satisfaction, which is the ultimate goal of healthcare centers.