bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospects for the use of additional oral nutrition (siping) in nutritional support of cancer patients
Authors: Gameeva E. V.
Published: September 2020

Most of cancer patients are faced with various nutritional disorders at the process of anticancer treatment. Cancer-inducedmetabolic abnormalities are impeded muscle recovery even with normal nutritional support. As a result, malnutrition candevelop into the cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome, aggravate the disease and adversely affect the outcome of treatment.Purpose of the study. Evaluate the effectiveness of oral nutritional support in cancer patients at different stages ofantitumor treatment.Materials and methods. The literature research was conducted with keywords «quality of life», «nutritional support»,«oral nutrition», «cancer» in such databases as eLIBRARY and MEDLINE in Russian and English. There was performed ananalytical review of various methods of quality of life assessing, methods for assessing nutritional status and measuresof choice for the necessary nutritional therapy in cancer patients.Results. Nutritional support at all stages of treatment for cancer patients may have an impact on treatment outcomesand the incidence of complications. In case of palliative care, nutritional support can be aimed at improving patient'squality of life and reducing the severity of a number of clinical symptoms, in particular, such as nausea and vomiting.Conclusion. It has been shown, that individual and intensive elimination of nutritional defects improves the quality of lifeof patients, especially if this occurs at an early stage of the disease. Further study of the effect from nutrition-orientedinterventions in cancer patients undergoing treatment, is needed.
Study of the deformation of sponge application hemostatic materials
Authors: Lipatov V. A. , Severinov D. A. , Naimzda M.D. Z. , Puchkova E. L.
Published: September 2020

Purpose of the study. To evaluate the dynamics of deformation of spongy application hemostatic materials in an in vitro experiment. Materials and methods. As materials of the study the following samples of hemostatic materials were used: Tachocomb (No. 1), Gelita-Spon Standard (No. 2), Reggicel Fibrillar (No. 3), samples of hemostatic sponges developed jointly with Lintex (St.Petersburg, Russia) on the basis of sodium-Carboxymethyl Cellulose (No. 3): Samples were placed on a glass substrate which was mounted on the rising REM cross-arm 0.2–1 to estimate 50% compression residual strain. A glass substrate rigidly attached to the indenter was mounted so that its lower surface would touch the upper surface of the sample. The crossarm was then lifted at 30 mm/min, compressing the sample until the force reached 50 N, after which the sample was allowed to stand under pressure for 10 seconds. After the load was removed, the sample was removed from the substrate and the compression thickness measured (immediately after compression, after 5, 10 and 30 minutes). Results. The values of the compression residual deformation on the thickness 50% (immediately after the load removal) of the samples of group No. 1 differ statistically significantly from the values of groups No. 2 and No. 3 on 5.92 and 3.51, respectively. The difference between groups No. 1 and No. 4 is 5.61. The ODP values 50% 5 minutes after the load of Group No. 1 samples was removed differ from Groups No. 2 and No. 3 on 5.93 and 3.85, respectively. The difference between groups No. 1 and No. 4 is 6.57. After 30 minutes after compression, the values of the residual deformation of the samples of group No. 1 differ from those of groups No. 2 and No. 3 on 6.9 and 4.3. The difference between groups No. 1 and No. 4 is 6.9. Also, the values of the residual deformation of the samples of group No. 2 exceed the values of the samples of group No. 3 by 1.6 times, and in comparison with group No. 4 is less by 0.03. There are fewer statistical differences with other groups in pilot groups 5–7. Conclusion. The highest values of the indicator "residual deformation at compression by thickness 50%" are noted in group No. 7 (samples based on Na-CMC unpressurized) — 32.34, which causes high mechanical properties of jaws made from this material.
Morphological and molecular genetic diagnosis of lung cancer: methods and problems
Authors: Usachev V. S. , Smolenov E. I. , Ragulin Yu. A.
Published: September 2020

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Despite improvements in diagnostic procedures, most cases of this disease are diagnosed at common and metastatic stages. In recent years, new approaches to systemic antitumor treatment have been registered, which are the main method of treatment in patients with stage IIIB-IV. The diagnosis and staging of patients with lung cancer in recent decades has increasingly relied on minimally invasive tissue sampling techniques, such as endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) or endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) needle aspiration, transbronchial biopsy, and transthoracic image guided core needle biopsy. These modalities have been shown to have low complication rates, and provide adequate cellular material for pathologic diagnosis and necessary ancillary molecular testing. It is important to understand how a small amount of biopsy material obtained using minimally invasive techniques is processed and evaluated by pathologists. An important condition is obtaining a sufficient number of cell or tissue substrate, can reliably establish the malignant process, to determine the histologic tumor type (whether it’s adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma), carry out the immunohistochemical and molecular genetic study to determine indications for the purpose of targeted, immunotherapy and the selection of chemotherapy regimen. It is necessary to conduct a single procedure that is as gentle as possible and provides a sufficiently large amount of tissue. The method of obtaining the material should be selected individually depending on the location of the pathological formation, the patient's condition and the capabilities of the clinic.
Prepectoral reconstruction with polyurethane-coated implant after skin-sparing mastectomy in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Vlasova M. Yu. , Zikiryakhodzhaev A. D. , Reshetov I. V. , Sukhotko A. S. , Saribekyan E. K. , Usov F. N. , Shirokikh I. M. , Berestok T. S. , Tregubova A. V.
Published: September 2020

Breast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies in the Russian Federation (RF), accounting for 20.9% of the female population in Russia. The surgery remains the primary treatment for breast cancer. Development and improvement of various options for reconstructive plastic surgery provides medical, psychological and social rehabilitation in patients with breast cancer, allows to achieve the best aesthetic and functional results. The possibility of performing such operations contributes to improving the quality of life of patients. According to ASPS (American Society of Plastic Surgeons), 80% of breast cancer reconstructions in the world are performed using silicone implants. Currently, the return of prepectoral space for placement of endoprostheses during breast reconstruction is trending, which is associated not only with the improvement of mastectomy techniques, but also with the coating of implants and the appearance of silicone highly adhesive gel filling of implants. According to the world literature data, the use of polyurethane-coated endoprostheses for prepectoral/subcutaneous reconstruction reduces the risk of capsular contracture, provides a more reliable fixation to the surrounding tissues, and thus allows breast reconstruction without the need for additional cover of the endoprosthesis. The use of the prepectoral space is characterized by a simpler operation technique compared to the retromuscular placement of the implant, the absence of damage to the large pectoral muscle, minimization of pain, reduction of the bed-day in the hospital and a faster rehabilitation period. So, this type of breast reconstruction can be considered as an alternative to submuscular implant placement in primary operable forms of breast cancer with sufficient thickness of the integumentary tissues.
Results of the Expert Forum on the application of perampanel in routine clinical practice
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: September 2020

In February 2020, in Moscow, Expert Forum was held on the issues of the application of perampanel in routine clinical practice. The main aim of the Forum was to discuss the tolerance and safety profile of perampanel in patients with epilepsy in different age and gender groups in the conditions of routine clinical practice. Leading experts in neurology and epileptology took part in the Forum, wherein the acute data on the efficiency and safety of perampanel and the management of potential risks were presented.
Materials on the question of the relationship between menstruation and ovulation
Authors: Mironov M.
Published: September 2020

Since Negrier in 1840 and Bischoff in 1844 pointed out the frequency of ovulation and the interconnection of this latter with menstruation, that is, with periodic, usually 4 weeks old, bleeding from the genitals, a number of researchers have tried find out the mutual relationship between these two phenomena.
An active method of treating miscarriage, used in private practice
Authors: Feynberg B. I.
Published: September 2020

In the era of brilliant results from conservative caesar section and from laparotomy during ectopic pregnancy, in the era of the revival of symphysiotomy, it would seem somewhat belated to re-raise the question of the expediency and safety of curettage of the uterus in miscarriage, however, cases of prolonged miscarriage, which I also used in private practice, cases in which women, due to the detention of deciduae verae, from 3 weeks to 31/2 months, bleed and were exhausted to the extreme, prove that active intervention in the treatment of abortion has not yet taken root, that a sharp spoon applied to miscarriage and now for many more it is a dangerous tool.
Not a word about the preparation for childbirth of old, first-pregnant women
Authors: Vasten V. A.
Published: September 2020

It is well known that in old first-born mothers there are often irregularities on the part of forced activity and a slow opening of the uterus is observed due to the tightness of the sleeve part and the stubbornness of the external pharynx.
106. Prof. F. Schauta. Ein Fall von Inversio uteri im 78 Lebensjahre (Arch.f. Gynäk. B. 43, p. 30). A case of eversion of the uterus at year 78.
Authors: Feinberg B.
Published: September 2020

On November 12, 1891, Prof. Schauta presented herself as a patient, 78 years old, suffering for about a year with a tumor that fell out of the genital fissure, temporary retention of urine and insignificant excretion of blood.
TO THE TECHNIQUE OF MANAGEMENT OF THE EXTENDED UTERUS AND VAGINA IN THE PHENOMENA OF INFECTION
Authors: Kakushkina H. M.
Published: September 2020

In the treatment of prolapse of the uterus and vagina, almost exclusive attention has been and is being paid to methods of keeping prolapsed organs in their normal position and to methods of preventing or limiting the size of such prolapse; the question of the techniques that are used in the adjustment of the falling out parts is either bypassed in silence or touched on in passing, without a desire to attach any importance to it. This is to some extent understandable if we remember that the vast majority of cases of prolapse of the genitals proceed without complications that complicate reduction, and in such cases the reduction mechanism is so simple that it is equally accessible to both the doctor and the patient herself.
20 cases of full excision of the uterus through the sleeve
Authors: Fenomenov N.
Published: September 2020

In 1890 I described 23 cases of complete excision of the uterus; In this article I give a description of the cases operated in the time period from October 28, 1890 to February 16, 1893. All operations during this time were made 20. In chronological order of production, they are arranged as follows.
The case of a conservative caesarian reduction in case of absolute indication
Authors: Ivanov A. I.
Published: September 2020

Anamnesis. The pregnant OT is descended from a dwarf humpbacked father and a medium-sized woman mother; had a dwarf brother who died of diphtheria, a sister who died of an unknown cause and a healthy and living brother, both of which were no different from ordinary people.
A case of chronic postpartum uterine inversion. (inversio uteri puerperalis chronica.)
Authors: Poyurovskiy G.
Published: September 2020

Despite the fact that in all the manuals of Obstetrics and Women's Diseases, acute and chronic postpartum inversions of the uterus are rather thoroughly treated, however, not everyone, even a very busy obstetrician-gynecologist, has to deal with patients obsessed with this suffering.
On the casuistry of malformations of female genital organs
Authors: Kudish G.
Published: September 2020

Case 1. On May 26, 1892, pregnant S. Ts. Was admitted to the maternity shelter at the Hospital of the Society of Kremenchug Doctors for an operational benefit on the following occasion. S. Ts., Being married to her first husband for 12 years, suffered all this time from infertility, the second time she got married six months ago, and, suspecting that she was pregnant after a 4-month absence of the regulator, turned to the local doctor about this (in Cherkassy), who, having stated a 4-month pregnancy, indicated the need for an operation so that childbirth could occur without hindrance.
104 H. Bruchon. Dilatation uterine avec des laminaires. Perforation incomplete de la levre posterieure du col. (Nouv. Arch. D Obstetr. Et de Gynec. No. 5, 1892). Dilation of the uterus with kelp. Incomplete perforation of the posterior lip of the cervix.
Authors: Zabolotsky A.
Published: September 2020

The author, reporting the medical history of one patient, whom he, about the endometritis of the cervix and the body of the uterus and left-sided catarrhal salpingitis, made the expansion of the uterine cavity with kelp for curettage.
105. Serebryanskiy, IM Four sections of the abdominal cavity, produced for various diseases of internal female genital organs. (Medical Review., No. 21, 1892).
Authors: Zabolotskiy A.
Published: September 2020

Chronic right-sided salpingitis. Periophorium. Apoplexia and cystic degeneration of the right ovary. Gluttony. Recovery.
Laser synthesis of nanomaterials to create a new family of electrochemical microbiosensors
Authors: Kochemirovskaya Svetlana V. , Novomlinsky Maxim O. , Fogel Alena A. , Kochemirovsky Vladimir A.
Published: September 2020

A brief review of modern methods for creating materials for enzymeless microbiosensors intended for express analysis of the content of components of biological fluids, including human blood, has been made. New directions of the synthesis of such materials have been described: laser ablation (PLD) and laser-induced deposition (LCLD). The comparison of laser methods for the synthesis of materials of non-enzymatic microbiosensors with the known methods for creating nanostructured materials has been carried out. Using bimetallic LCLD microtracks as an example, the mechanism of enhancing the electrochemical response of the sensor to the content of glucose and hydrogen peroxide in complex organic and biological mixtures has been shown. It is associated with the creation of nano- and microstructured materials with a highly developed surface, on which there are extended boundaries of the interphase contact zones. This creates numerous activated acid-base centers. They facilitate the transfer of charge from the oxidizing agent to the reducing agent in the solution in contact with the sensor surface. A comparison of the sensory properties of microcomposite bimetallic deposits synthesized by the laser method and their analogs synthesized by traditional methods has been carried out. The advantages of laser methods for the synthesis of microcomposite sensor-active materials are discussed: the miniature size of the sensors, the possibility of using inexpensive metals instead of precious ones, the environmental friendliness of the methods, and the absence of the need to pre-activate the surface
Course of intrahospital coronavirus infection (COVID-19) against the background of preventive and curative administration of peptide immunotropic drugs as part of complex therapy
Authors: Petlenko Sergey V. , Smirnov Vyacheslav S. , Rudenko Victor V.
Published: September 2020

Due to the lack of COVID-19 specific preventive measures with a prophylactic and therapeutic (as part of complex therapy) purpose, various drugs were used as humanitarian aid from manufacturing companies to prevent influenza and SARS in St. Petersburg hospitals.

The study of Russian Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics named after R.R. Vreden patient treatment shows the possibility of using drugs containing a synthetic regulatory thymus peptide (L-glutamine-L-tryptophan-thymogen) as an active ingredient in a patient with an in-hospital coronavirus infection. This compound has a number of extra- and intracellular immunotropic effects of key importance in the pathogenesis of respiratory viral infections, including coronavirus etiology. The components have an indirect antiviral effect against acute respiratory viral infections, comprising COVID-19.

This led to the use of drugs containing thymogen for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. The use of immunotropic agents promoted the rapid involution in the patient of clinical, laboratory and instrumental (radiological) signs of the disease and its uncomplicated course both in the primary infection and the development of superinfection cases. The study has shown that the use for the prevention and treatment (as part of complex therapy) of drugs with immunomodulatory activity, as well as those capable of affecting various links in the pathogenesis of pulmonary lesions in coronavirus infection, seems to be highly relevant and justified.
Fetomaternal outcomes in pregnancy with different cardiac disease at a tertiary care center in Udaipur
Authors: Chaudhary Keerti , Sen Sangeeta
Published: September 2020

Background: The incidence of maternal cardiac diseases has an adverse effect on pregnancy outcomes. The present study was done the objective to determine the Incidence and distribution of cardiac disease in pregnant patients, to assess mode of delivery and fetomaternal outcome in pregnancy with heart disease patients.Methods: This was a hospital based prospective observational study that include 65 pregnant women with diagnosed cardiac disease or had symptoms and signs suggestive of cardiac disease during the period from January 2018 to December 2019. Baseline data recorded including age, parity, gestational age, cardiac lesions, New York heart association (NYHA) functional class, use of cardiac medications, thorough clinical examination including chest and cardiovascular auscultation, ECG and echocardiographic assessment of left and right ventricular systolic function. Fetomaternal outcome was analysed in the study.Results: The mean age of the patients was 24.33±2.93 years (ranging from 19-36 years). 34 patients (52.30%) were primigravida. Majority (58.46%) cases were from rural area. Majority patients (70.77%) are present between 37-40 weeks of gestational age. Most of patients had vaginal delivery (64.62%). 43 patients (66.15%) diagnosed with heart disease after pregnancy, while 22 patients (33.85%) are diagnosed before pregnancy for heart disease. Neonatal complications were seen in in 35.38% of patients. Cardiac complications were present in 40% of patients. majority of fetal complications are in nonoperated patients (46.15%).Conclusion: The management of pregnant women with cardiac diseases requires multidisciplinary approach to prevent morbidity and mortality. It is necessary to optimize healthcare facilities to obtain maximum maternal and fetal outcome.
Medical management of COVID-19: treatment options under consideration
Authors: Kabi Ankita , Mohanty Aroop , Mohanty Ambika Prasad , . Vijaylaxmi , Kumar Nitish , Kumar Subodh
Published: September 2020

An outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Despite the worsening trends of COVID-19, currently, no drugs are validated to have significant efficacy in the clinical treatment of COVID-19. The drugs currently being explored are hydroxychloroquine, antivirals like remdesivir, favipiravir alone or in combination, antibiotics like azithromycin and doxycycline. Low dose corticosteroids, either oral or intravenous, have also shown promising results in reducing mortality. On the other hand, Immunomodulators and biologics are found to be very effective in some cases. Autopsy finding of patients with COVID-19 shows the evidence of endothelial damage and formation of microthrombi with multiorgan involvement and, ultimately, multiorgan failure; hence anticoagulants also seem to have a definite role in preventing microvasculature clogging and multiorgan dysfunction. Pulmonary vasodilators acting via the cGMP/cAMP pathway may also prove to be beneficial in reducing airway hyper inflammation. In this review, authors have attempted to summate the potential drugs therapies with emphasis on convalescent plasma, and at last, the most awaited thing of this pandemic, COVID-19 vaccine.
Understanding health needs of men who have sex with men in Agra district of India: a community based mixed method study
Authors: Aqeel Khan Iqbal , Chaudhary S. S. , Misra S. K. , Royal Abhishek
Published: September 2020

Background: In India, after decriminalization of homosexuality, men who have sex with men (MSM) emerged as legal community but still one of the most stigmatized section of society. their health needs are distinct due to their distinct behaviour. To achieve ‘Universal health coverage’, this group health needs must be addressed as they had been living in shackles of exclusion.Methods: This mixed method study was conducted in men who have sex with men (MSM) population in Agra district of India. For qualitative part, Audio recorded in-depth interviews were transcribed into verbatim. Potential themes were extracted as a part of analysis as per respondents’ experiences. Data saturation was achieved after 13 IDIs. For quantitative assessment, the snowball technique for sampling was used. First participants were recruited through a non-profit peer group. Further participants were subsequently referred by the participants from their peer circles.Results: Easy /low cost availability of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted disease (STD) testing (32.69%) was foremost cited health need. 26.92% of respondents were unable to tell anything about their health need. 25% of respondents told to increase the number of MSM friendly STD clinics. 15.38% of respondents think that doctor should be taught not to discriminate with MSM and 5.76% asked for psychiatric and medical counselling for MSM. Similarly, qualitative findings highlighted need of non-judgemental and discrimination free health facilities and also suggested MSM inclusive STD centres and psychiatric counselling.Conclusions: The main implication of this study was need to recognize the existence and their diverse health needs and link them to appropriate health care.
A comparative study of functional outcome of short proximal femoral nail with long proximal femoral nail in proximal femoral fractures
Authors: Selvaraj R. , Nagappan K. , Kumar Aravind , Balaji C.
Published: September 2020

Background: Trochanteric femoral fractures are often seen in patients aged they can be caused by high-energy or low-energy trauma or may be pathological. Particularly in the elderly, hip fractures are a major cause of increased mortality and morbidity. Because of the decreased physical capacity, concomitant systemic diseases, and increased vulnerability to environmental dangers, even low-energy trauma can cause unstable femoral trochanteric fractures in this age group. Compare the functional outcome of the short proximal femoral nail with a long proximal femoral nail in proximal femoral fractures.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedics, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Chengalpattu Dist., Tamil Nadu, India. (KIMS & RC). Palmer/Parker score is obtained for the functional outcome of the short proximal femoral nail with a long proximal femoral nail in proximal femoral fractures.

Results: It is concluded from our study that proximal femoral nailing is an attractive and suitable implant for Proximal Femoral Fractures and its use in unstable intertrochanteric fractures is very encouraging.  

Conclusions: The database of our retrospective study regarding age & sex incidence, clinicopathological features and therapeutic outcome was comparable to other studies in various literatures.
Maternal and perinatal outcomes of delivery after previous one or two cesarean section
Authors: Yadav Gunjan , Vishwakarma Kshama , Waddar Parasuram
Published: September 2020

The prevalence of cesarean deliveries is high in many parts of world. Vaginal birth after cesarean section (VBAC) is a trial of vaginal delivery in selected cases of a previous CS in a well equipped hospital. It offers distinct advantages over a repeat caesarean section, since the operative risks are completely eliminated, the hospital stay is much shorter and expenses involved are much less.

To study the maternal and perinatal outcomes among women with previous Cesarean section at a tertiary care centre.

This prospective study was carried out over a period of 12 months. 979 pregnant women with previous caesarean section were recruited in study. A detailed history was taken and mode of delivery decided as per the standard protocol. 636 patients underwent elective repeat LCSC.343 patients were given trial of labour out of which 226 delivered vaginally. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were noted

The rate of successful VBAC was 65.89%. Most common indications of repeat caesarean section were fetal distress and failure to progress. Post op maternal and neonatal complications were significantly more in repeat caesarean section group. Incidence of infectious morbidity was also higher in repeat cesarean group than VBAC group.

Fetal morbidity and mortality due to trial of labor is comparable with the women laboring without a scar, trial of labour may be encouraged. women given trial of labour with careful monitoring and taken for emergency LSCS on minimal indication is the best answer to management of previous one or two CS.
Prevalence of meconium stained amniotic fluid and meconium aspiration syndrome according to gestational age and parity of mother
Authors: Patel Smeet , Patel Babulal , Shah Akshay , Jani Shashwat , Jani Chinmay
Published: September 2020

The first demonstrable meconium is found around the third month of the gestational age in the intestines of the fetus as black green color, odorless mass. Multiple conditions of intrauterine fetal distress is said to be causative reason for intrauterine passage of meconium in the amniotic fluid by the fetus. Aspiration of meconium stained amniotic fluid may lead to a gasping breathing pattern which induces hypoxia via airway obstruction, surfactant dysfunction, chemical pneumonitis, and pulmonary hypertension.

The aim of the present study was to find the prevalence of various grades of meconium stained amniotic fluid as well as meconium aspiration syndrome according to gestational age and parity.

The present study was a prospective observational study. It was conducted in the Obstetrics and Gynecology department of Tertiary Hospital & Medical Collage & Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India during May 2016 to May 2018 on 200 laboring mothers with meconium stained amniotic fluid who delivered or underwent cesarean section in the institute were included in the study. MSAF grade 1 cases were maximum 40/82(48.78%) in mothers having previous vaginal delivery. MSAF grade 2 cases were maximum 51/63(80.95%) in primigravid mothers. MSAF grade 3 cases were maximum 24/55(43.64%) in primigravid mothers. 3.96% of the primigravida patients were found to have MAS whereas 15.38% of the patients with previous vaginal delivery were having MAS. Maximum cases of grade 1 MSAF 64/82(78.05%), grade 2 MSAF 40/63(63.49%) as well as grade 3 MSAF 26/55(47.27%) were in mothers having gestational age between 37-40 weeks at the time of delivery of baby. 45.45% patients having gestational age less than 37 weeks, 4.62% of the patients having gestational age between 37-40 weeks, and 6.78% patients having gestational age greater than 40 weeks were having MAS.
Anodontia Detected by Prenatal Sonography: A Case Report
Authors: J Sun , H Zhang , Z Yang
Published: September 2020

Anodontia is a rare orofacial complex developmental malformation. In contrast to normal tooth germ with roundhypo echogenic structure arranged in an arch-like manner in alveolar bone, anodontia shows an arch-like hyper echogenic structure without any dental alveoli. Prenatal ultrasound is a reliable method for detecting anodontia inearly gestational age.
Legal Aspects of the Pandemic Covid19: Obligations and Duties of Government
Authors: Zakersalehi Gholamreza
Published: September 2020

This article is a Letter to Editor and does not include an Abstract.
Emerging and Re‐emerging Diseases: Policies and Strategies for Future
Authors: Khodayari-Zarnaq Rahim , Alizadeh Gita , Alizadeh Gisoo
Published: September 2020

The emerging infectious diseases and their number one causes pose a challenge to international stability worldwide. The epidemic of emerging and re-emerging diseases causes many problems for health systems, especially for the medical staff, which require global action in this regard. Emerging infectious diseases are a growing problem for the global community that accompanies the increasing danger of severe health, environmental, economic, and social impacts. An ideal emerging disease preparedness and response environment would strive for collaboration among all sectors impacted by the area unit as a business and social commitment to enhance the capacity of nations and communities to respond to threats as they arise. This article highlights the significant issues that should be considered in emerging and re‐emerging diseases, which could help the policymakers to set effective policies for dealing with the diseases and to evaluate the impact of previous health interventions better at the community level.
Designing a Database based on Medical Staffs’ Experiences: Commentary on COVID-19
Authors: Panahi Somayeh , Ashrafi rizi Hasan
Published: September 2020

The article's abstract is not available.
Identifying Barriers to Development of the Public-Private Partnership in Providing of Hospital Services in Iran:A Qualitative Study
Authors: Sadeghi Ahmad , Bastani Peivand , Barati Omid
Published: September 2020

Background: In recent years, public-private partnerships (PPPs) have been used to expand hospital services in many countries. Despite the achievements and implications, there have always been many challenges in implementing it. The purpose of this study was to identify the barriers and challenges in the development of public-private partnerships in hospital services in the country of Iran.
Methods: This is a qualitative study conducted in 2015- 2016 by the content analysis method. The research population included experts and health professionals and those who have contributed to the development of PPPs model in hospital services (public and private). Of these, eighteen were selected using a purposive sampling approach and were interviewed semi-structured. The MAXQDA10 software was used to analyze the transcribed interviews.
Results: Four main themes and sixteen sub-themes were identified concerning the barriers to developing public-private partnerships in the provision of hospital services in the country. They are cultural and social barriers, political and legal barriers, financial and investment barriers, and structural and process barriers.
Conclusion: Officials and policymakers should identify the obstacles facing participatory patterns and then provide a suitable platform for nongovernmental organizations. This action can lead to an increase in the level of readiness of hospitals in Iran to implement this model.
The Relationship between Personality Factors, Social Support, and Regulation with Lifestyle
Authors: Ferdosi Masoud , Nikkar Isfahani Behnaz , Kolahdozan Mohammad Shayan
Published: September 2020

Background: Since lifestyle is a multi-dimensional concept and various dimensions of health or disease are affected by each other, the measures taken to promote health should pay attention to all aspects of individual physical, mental, spiritual health, as well as the general health of society. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between psychological components including personality factors, social support, and regulation with lifestyle among obese individuals.
Methods: This study was analytical in terms of purpose and cross-sectional in terms of time and was conducted in 2018. In this study, the individuals referring to the health centers of Isfahan were considered as the research population. A number of 357 individuals randomly entered the study. Data collection was based on the perceived social support questionnaire of Zimet et al., health promoting lifestyle questionnaire of Walker, the CERQ emotion cognitive regulation questionnaire, and Neo five-factor inventory. Data were analyzed by SPSS18 using independent T-test, Pearson correlation, and ANOVA.
Results: In the final model, a significant relationship was found between gender, nervousness, extroversion, openness, conscientiousness, social support, and health promoting lifestyle (P-value < 0.05). In addition, a significant relationship was observed between marital status, nervousness, extroversion, openness, agreement, and social support (P-value < 0.05). A significant relationship was observed between personality factors and health promoting lifestyle. Such a relationship in nervousness was inverse and significant while it was positive and significant in extraversion, openness, and conscientiousness (P-value < 0.05). Based on the results, there was an inverse relationship between social support and lifestyle and also between regulation and lifestyle (P-value < 0.05).
Conclusion: In order to take motivational measures for changing the lifestyle of obese individuals, it is recommended to regard the psychological factors and their relationship to increase the effectiveness of interventions.
Investigating the Realization of Magnet Hospital Components in Educational Hospitals of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences-Yazd
Authors: Askari Roohollah , Pishehvaran Masoomeh , Arabi Maryam
Published: September 2020

Background: Today, there are hospitals called “Magnet Hospital” that are renowned for attracting and retaining expert nurses. These hospital have designed a set of work environment standards to support professional nursing practice. The present research aimed to investigate the feasibility of magnet (attractive) hospital components.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in 2019. The sample included 200 nurses working in educational hospitals of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd; the samples were selected by stratified sampling. Data collection was done by using a standard questionnaire whose reliability and validity had been approved. The questionnaire included four dimensions (personnel strategies, management style, professional progression, and autonomy). Data analysis was done by SPSS22 and T-test statistics.
Results: The average scores of personnel strategies, professional progression, management style, and autonomy in the studied hospitals were respectively obtained as 2.94 ± 0.78, 3.29 ± 0.85, 3.01 ± 0.81, and 3.36 ± 0.59. The mean score of feasibility was obtained as 3.1359 (± 0.61491) in control group; these scores were significantly higher than the cutoff point (3) (P-value ˂ 0.05). In general, the studied hospitals were at an optimal level in terms of magnet hospital components.
Conclusion: Regarding the potential capacities of the studied hospitals and their movement towards acquiring the magnet hospital components, promotion of magnet properties such as strong leadership, employee empowerment, respect, cohesion, cooperation, recognition and recruitment of the nursing staff should be paid attention.
Evaluation of Transparency to Improve Good Governance in Pharmaceutical Regulatory Sector of Iran
Authors: Herandi Yasaman , Nikfar Shekoufeh , Bouzarjomehri Hossein , Abdollahiasl Akbar
Published: September 2020

Background: Improving good governance in the pharmaceutical sector is a valuable priority for improving access to essential medicines. Transparency as a means for good governance was the focus of this study. The objective was to evaluate different sectors of the pharmaceutical regulatory sector of Iran from the aspect of transparency. Awareness of the current situation may assist policymakers in making the right decisions.
Methods: The aim of this methodology was to present only quantitative measurement but to gather qualitative information as well. The study was carried from November 2016 to July 2017. The questionnaires of the assessment instrument, which the World Health Organization (WHO) produced for measuring transparency in the public pharmaceutical sector, was used. The interviewees were among managers and staff at different levels of the Food and Drug Administration (IFDA) of Iran and its clients.
Results: Medicines registration and distribution of medicines’ scores in the 10-point rating system means that they are minimally vulnerable to corruption. Besides, medicine promotion control and procurement of medical products got an acceptable score, which means that they are marginally vulnerable to corruption. On the other hand, qualitative findings and observation of the evidence presented by key informants proved the sufficient legal capacity for transparency in almost all sections. The controversial issue was the ‘conflict of interests,’ which was not anticipated in some cases.
Conclusion: It is valuable to know if Iran’s medicine regulatory sector is transparent In order to improve good governance, transparency should be maximized in all sectors, and this is possible by implementing mechanized actions and online tools.
formato Aula-Taller en primaria. Incidencia en la motivación y logros de aprendizaje de los estudiantes
Authors: Núñez Soler Nancy , González Mariela Lourdes
Published: September 2020

La mejora de la calidad educativa ha sido uno de los aspectos sobre los cuales la comunidad académica uruguaya ha puesto sus mayores esfuerzos. Sin embargo, los resultados de aprendizaje obtenidos por los estudiantes no están en relación con los esfuerzos realizados. La escuela tradicional no da hoy respuestas a las demandas de los alumnos, quienes no encuentran motivación en las aulas. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la influencia del formato Taller en la motivación y en la mejora de los logros de aprendizaje de los estudiantes de nivel primario. Se puso en práctica una metodología mixta con un enfoque secuencial comparativo sobre una población de 172 alumnos de 4.° a 6.° grado, en una franja etaria de entre 10 y 14 años en dos escuelas de Paysandú (Uruguay). Se optó por un diseño cuasi-experimental con grupo control con metodologías pedagógicas tradicionales y otro experimental con la innovación de Talleres. Dos tests fueron aplicados a los estudiantes: el Diagnóstico Integral de Estudio (DIE I) y el Inventario de Estilos de Aprendizaje (ILS) y a los docentes, por su parte, el Cuestionario de Dilemas sobre la Enseñanza y el Aprendizaje y un análisis de documentos impresos. Concluimos que la participación activa del niño como sujeto de su aprendizaje en escenarios lúdicos mejora la actitud ante el estudio, motiva y ayuda a comenzar el proceso de autorregulación y optimiza el rendimiento escolar. Por lo antedicho se visibiliza la necesidad de modificar formatos escolares tradicionales. El formato se presenta como una experiencia que trasciende el modelo lineal, que organiza el tiempo y el espacio en forma universal y que promueve el encuentro y el intercambio de saberes. El nuevo formato impacta también en los docentes, quienes deben organizar su propuesta didáctica con una configuración más creativa para atender las necesidades reales de sus alumnos.
Creatividad y transferencia didáctica en la acción pedagógica de docentes universitarios chilenos
Authors: Villalobos Claveria Alejandro , Melo Hermosilla Yenia
Published: September 2020

Este artículo analiza experiencias de transposición didáctica como expresión creativa de la práctica pedagógica de académicos universitarios chilenos. Se asumió un enfoque cuantitativo de naturaleza descriptiva y analítica a una muestra intencional de 59 docentes de tres universidades regionales chilenas a quienes se aplicó una pauta de observación de clases durante el periodo 2014-2015. Los resultados indican que existen dos aspectos de la creatividad que se expresan en la transposición didáctica: la utilización de recursos didácticos novedosos y la relación que establecen entre su enseñanza y los problemas de la disciplina o futura profesión de los estudiantes. Se concluye que el profesor, en su didáctica, en busca de innovación utiliza procesos creativos. Sin embargo, en la evaluación del aprendizaje tiende a ser reproductivo debido a la exigencia del marco curricular vigente.
Aplicación de tecnología en la práctica de la formación inicial de profesores. Valoración del análisis didáctico de clases de enseñanza secundaria filmadas en 360°
Authors: Umpiérrez Oroño Silvia , Cabrera Delma , Bruccoleri Paola
Published: September 2020

La formación inicial de profesores de enseñanza secundaria en Uruguay prevé actividades de observación y análisis didáctico de clases en centros educativos de dicho nivel, de forma presencial y fundamentalmente individual. Con el objetivo de enriquecer y diversificar esta formación, la presente investigación propuso evidenciar las percepciones de docentes y estudiantes y estudiar los niveles de reflexión alcanzados por medio de la observación de clases filmadas en 360° y de la incorporación de modalidades de trabajo asincrónicas, virtuales, interdisciplinares y grupales. La metodología se basó en un diseño cualitativo. Incluyó seis instancias cuasi-experimentales en las que estudiantes (n=61), distribuidos en seis grupos, orientados por uno o varios formadores docentes de didáctica (n=8) realizaron observación y análisis didáctico de unidades fílmicas en 360°. Se recolectaron datos por medio de observación no participante de las instancias cuasi-experimentales, análisis de contenido de foros, correos electrónicos y documentos con producciones de los estudiantes, así como de 39 encuestas y 8 entrevistas en profundidad a estudiantes y formadores. Los formadores y estudiantes participantes valoran favorablemente el recurso como un complemento a la modalidad de formación actual y opinan que propician el análisis didáctico y la reflexión. Las unidades fílmicas se adecuan a los objetivos de los formadores, a variadas modalidades de trabajo y a la diversidad de formas de aprender. Encuentran que se propició la flexibilidad horaria de la formación y la colaboración. Se alcanzaron variados niveles de reflexión pero no el de mayor profundidad. Es necesario completar el estudio para comprender las razones de ello. Se ha creado un sitio Web con un repositorio abierto con las unidades fílmicas (http://recyreap.cfe.edu.uy) y se ha dispuesto, junto a ellas, la variedad de protocolos diseñados por el equipo, que podrían servir para guiar el análisis didáctico y la reflexión.
Calidad educativa, apoyo docente y familiar percibido: la tridimensionalidad de la satisfacción escolar en niños y adolescentes
Authors: Rodríguez Garcés Carlos , Padilla Fuentes Geraldo , Gallegos Fuentes Marcelo
Published: September 2020

Debido a que el bienestar subjetivo de niños y adolescentes ha tomado un lugar importante para la educación este artículo analiza su nivel de satisfacción con respecto a la experiencia escolar, la calidad educativa y el apoyo percibido desde docentes y la familia. Utilizando un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales con datos de la Encuesta de Desarrollo Humano en Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes del PNUD encontramos que el sentimiento de satisfacción escolar tiene un fuerte vínculo con la participación y el sentimiento de seguridad en la escuela. Asimismo, el apoyo percibido de profesores y padres refuerza las condiciones de educabilidad y las habilidades para enfrentar desafíos académicos y sociales. La satisfacción escolar, expresión del bienestar subjetivo, sería resultado del equilibrio dinámico entre recursos escolares, pedagógicos y familiares. Lo sustancial no solo es formar parte de un lugar sino poder colaborar y construir un ambiente agradable donde convivir y sentirse emocionalmente a salvo.
Non-normative corporalities and transgender identity in English as a Foreign Language student teachers
Authors: Ubaque-Casallas Diego , Castañeda-Peña Harold
Published: September 2020

Little international research exists on EFL (English as a Foreign Language) student teachers regarding transgender identity and non-normative corporalities. Similarly, few studies in Colombia have investigated the concept of teacher identity of transgender EFL student teachers to understand this dimension of identity. This study explores the transgender/blind identity of an EFL student teacher. The study took on identity as multiple and fluid to understand how transgender identity serves a lens to shape the process of becoming a teacher. Findings suggest that transgender identity is made from either experiences that modify or re-construct the self.  The study revealed that the notion of gender is contested when the idea of transgender works as a personal mechanism to question the existing normativity of one’s own body and the self. Identity is then presented as a series of choices and performances situated in time that are validated in the transgender and blind condition.
Motivation and Attitude as the Fuel to Develop English Language Classroom Activities: A Self-Determination Study
Authors: Molina-Leal Yendli Soranny , Peña-Cerón Paola Lizeth
Published: September 2020

This research study assesses the levels of attitude and motivation that tenth-grade students manifest during English Language classroom activities. The study follows the Self Determination Theory to analyze these students’ levels of attitude and motivation in the classroom activities proposed by an English Language teacher at a public school in Bogotá. Findings demonstrate that there are four different types of activities presented and developed by the participating teacher. The students express their levels of motivation with a high percentage in perceived competence, and their levels of negative attitude with a low percentage in pressure and tension. An emergent result displays teachers’ imposition, students’ attention, and obtaining rewards or punishments during the classroom activities process.
Editorial
Authors: Lucero-Babativa Edgar
Published: September 2020

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