bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A CASE STUDY OF TEACHING ENGLISH IN KINDERGARTENS SINCE 1989 – A NORTH-EAST HUNGARIAN CITY
Authors: Nemes Magdolna
Published: January 2024

In our paper, we deal with the significance of learning languages at an early age. The research aimed to explore how the teaching methods employed in kindergartens have altered with the change of the political regime in 1989–90. A case-study was conducted using semi-structured interviews (n=7) with early childhood educators and language teachers in 2016/2017. Oral history method was used because no written material was produced. Based on information we received from the informants and local authorities, early English activities were available in 68% of kindergartens in the North-East Hungarian city when the research was undertaken. The number of kindergartens which organize playbased foreign language practices has been increasing since the 1990s. In the beginning, providing educational personnal was the most difficult task. Using audio-visual devices and props has been highly important, and Early Childhood Educators have been doing their best when working with children aged 4–7. However, there are differences too, due to the development of technology.
KÜLÖN? EGYÜTT? MERRE TOVÁBB?
Authors: Trembulyák Márta , Szabóné Pongrácz Petra
Published: January 2024

In the history of special education in Hungary, after the establishment and successful operation of segregated special education institutions with a long history, public education has come to many forms of co-education, the paths of which are still not unhindered. These problems point to the need for many changes in the way the education system works. Without constant and permanent development of teachers and innovative innovations in learning methods, success can hardly be expected. But there are other important issues to be addressed. The present study focuses primarily on the direction in which trends can be found in the light of the past. While exploring the current issues, we would like to provide a new framework for interpretation by highlighting and linking some of the results of two recently completed studies (Szabóné, 2022; Trembulyák, 2022) and by placing them in the context of the topic of the study. The study also aims to draw attention to the current trend that the school life of pupils with special educational needs who have participated in co-education at the primary level becomes more difficult as they progress to secondary education. This can significantly reduce not only their career choices but also their opportunities for successful social integration.
MÉRSÉKELT INTELLEKTUÁLIS KÉPESSÉGZAVARRAL ÉLŐ TANULÓK ADAPTÍV FUNKCIONÁLÁSI SZINTJÉNEK FELMÉRÉSE A VINELAND SZOCIÁLIS ÉRETTSÉGI SKÁLA SEGÍTSÉGÉVEL
Authors: Nagy Erika
Published: January 2024

Background and aim: Individuals with intellectual disability are expected to have significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviour, which affect the individual's ability to cope with social and practical situations. The present study is concerned with the assessment of the adaptive functioning of young people with moderate intellectual disability, which is part of a more complex study (this study will investigate the impact of adaptive functioning levels of students with moderate intellectual disability on parents' subjective perceptions). Method: the study presents the results of the assessment of adaptive functioning of students with moderate intellectual disability (n=9) using the Vineland Social Competence Scale. Results: the social age of the students in the study is significantly below their age, especially in the areas of communication, socialisation, and self-management. The study confirms previous findings (Hatos, 2008; Radványi, 2001) and highlights the need for teachers of students with moderate intellectual disabilities to develop these skills.
ROMA/CIGÁNY GYERMEKEK A DEBRECENI LABDARÚGÓ AKADÉMIÁN – EGY KVALITATÍV VIZSGÁLAT EREDMÉNYEI
Authors: Rábai Dávid
Published: January 2024

One of the aims of the present study is to briefly outline the issues related to gipsy and sportsmen in the literature, and to interpret the main challenges and potential barriers that arise in this context (Bailey, 2005; Sütő-Gabóda, 2013; Kovács, 2016; Faragó and Konczosné, 2017). We also aim to review the most important contexts related to the social background of athletes and, more narrowly, football academics as a possible option for breakout opportunities, based on the football academy system that has been operating in Hungary since 2001 (Rábai, 2021), and to examine specifically how the Debrecen Football Academy can help young people of gipsy origin to break out. The focus of our study is qualitative research, during which we interviewed the leaders of the Debrecen Football Academy in order to get answers to our questions about the gipsy children in the academy. During the interviews, the interviewees provide an overview of the recruitment, social background and typical career paths of gipsy children who have attended the academy so far, as well as a general discussion of their situation and opportunities. Based on our results, the children studying and developing at the football academies have a stable social background, and the Debrecen Football Academy also offers scholarship-like support opportunities that can help children from lower social status in the institution receive significant support. Academy leaders emphasized during the interviews that, although gipsy children often drop out of education, they have a number of successful careers behind them, suggesting that they too have every opportunity to break through the academy. Interviewees also said that they do their best to support gipsy children so that no one is disadvantaged because of economic or social deprivation.
A SAJÁTOS NEVELÉSI IGÉNYŰ GYEREKEK REPREZENTÁCIÓJA A KORTÁRS GYEREKKÖNYVEKBEN – AZ ŐRANGYAL, A SIMI ÉS A RENDETLEN BETŰK, VALAMINT A MIHÁLYI CSONGOR ÉS AZ IDŐGYURMA CÍMŰ KÖTETEK PÉLDÁJÁN
Authors: Gesztelyi Hermina
Published: January 2024

The present study focuses on contemporary children's books that reflect some form of special educational need. Since recently there has been an increase in the number of books on topic available in the children's book market, with publishing series, issuing the difficult life situations and on the presentation of ’otherness’, including learning disabilities, it is of great importance to take a glance at these publications. In this essay, my aim is to focus on how the texts are written and the language of representation. In particular, I will pay attention to the illustrations, which make a crucial part of the experience of reception and interpretation. With this analysis, my aim is to show how concretely or abstractly a particular educational need can be represented, whether it reinforces stereotypes or not, and how this may impact the connection to the phenomenon. The analysis of the texts also provides an opportunity to validate different attitudes, behaviours, and perspectives, and can thus contribute to sensitisation. The presentation of specific educational needs, with its positive or negative connotations, and the phenomenon of positive discrimination, are closely linked to methodological possibilities and practical implications of interpreting the texts. Here it is worthcalling attention to the concepts of helpful books, sensitisation and prevention, the relationship between these terms and literature, and reflecting on the close connection of the aesthetically shaped texts to these problems. Accordingly, the paper will first aim to explore the concept of special educational needs, then it will present its types to point out the difficulties of definition, the different approaches, and to define its own terminology. Similarly, this paper will take into account the terminology of literary studies and the perspectives relevant to this thesis. This will be followed by the analyses of the three preselected volumes which on the one hand ask whether the books are appropriate for the age group they are aimed at, while, on the other hand, they concern the possible directions for future methodological inquiries. Finally, the conclusion part summerises the results of the study and the controversies surrounding the presentation of the subject in children's books.
BERETTYÓÚJFALUN ÉLŐ FOGYATÉKOS GYERMEKET NEVELŐ CSALÁDOK ÉLETKÖRÜLMÉNYEI
Authors: Bereczki-Csávás Judit , Balázs-Földi Emese
Published: January 2024

Bass (2004) examined the living conditions of families raising severely disabled children in the framework of national data collection. His research results reflect the circumstances nearly twenty years ago. The present study aims is to compare the research results of Bass to the present living conditions of interviewees who live in Berettyóújfalu in the 2020s, revealing the changes which have occurred in their lifestyle, family relationships, and future plans in the course of the past years. We used a qualitative interview to reveal the characteristics of the living conditions of ten families living in Berettyóújfalu. According to our research results, there are positive tendencies in the families’ social situation, relationship system or in the economic activity of the parents, but they still face hardship and drawbacks in accessing public services and ensuring their child’s long-term future.
ELFOGADÁS, EMPÁTIA ÉS KÜLÖNLEGES BÁNÁSMÓD A HARRY POTTER REGÉNYSOROZATBAN
Authors: Kis Gábor
Published: January 2024

The study provides an overview of the portrayal and role of acceptance, empathy, and special treatment in the Harry Potter-series. The focus of the analysis revolves around the depiction of four different attitudes, which manifest in the relation between humans and magical objects, magical creatures, humanoid beings, and other humans. These four attitudes are represented by four main characters and are exemplified through their actions. The four attitudes are indifferent-passive, rejecting-active, accepting-active, and responsible-active. Due to their magical nature, the objects of the examined attitudes operate differently from what is expected by everyday logic, their needs and behaviors deviate from conventional societal norms, and they can even be intimidating and hazardous. The study illustrates how the novel series encourages readers to engage in the community through various examples and highlights the development of the underlying theme that the most powerful magical force is love, thus deserving acceptance, empathy, or special treatment by everyone. This contributes to the enhancement of readers' emotional intelligence and empathy skills, fostering the acceptance of diverse perspectives.
A BÁBOZÓ GYEREK TITKA, AVAGY A BÁBU MINT A LÉLEK KIHANGOSÍTÓJA
Authors: Láposi Terka
Published: January 2024

According to Teréz Virág (1998) a psychologist with regard to the 'mysteries' of the power of the puppet, three different spheres are worth investigating, namely the mysteries of the puppets, that of the child who plays with the object, and that of the puppeteer's. She views puppetry as creation, the puppeteer as the life-giver, and the puppet as an object of transition. When the aim is to develop the artistic methods as well as explore the 'general utility' of puppetry, it is worth further focusing on segments such as the making of the puppet, acting with the puppet, and perceiving the puppet play. These are three different viewpoints and three approaches. The study presents that the puppet in the child's hand is capable of embodying incomprehensible and insufferable feelings as well as making the unknowable accessible. In pedagogy today puppet play is believed to undoubtedly have a developmental impact, argued for widely with conventions, but it seems that there is still a lack of sincerely understanding of the being of the puppet and its mechanism of action, its principal essence. In my study, I elaborate on the questions of why and how puppet play can be of assistance, and what the puppet can actually mean in the child's hands. The puppet is an object, that makes a motion as it is assuming a role and takes action while portraying this role, it substitutes for someone or something. Being the puppet presupposes a space for the play, in which it takes the place of this someone/something by replacing what it represents. The primary goal of the study is to show that by playing with an object, a puppet lays a bridge in an abstract way between the visible and the invisible world, enabling thus art pedagogy to develop the child with its complex mode of action. The psychological mechanism of identification is best characterized by the eagerness to act, and the artistic genre of puppet play, providing the stage for action, is eminently capable of satisfying this urge. In the creative process, the approach of animation, the metaphorical thinking of the puppeteer, the abstraction as well as the development of the related assertive skills rely on all the operations of thinking; also, the simultaneity of the multi-lateral perception, the complex interpretation of communication play important roles.
Simulation of the Impact of Key Variables on Smart Supply Chains Efficiency in Iran’s Healthcare Industry
Authors: Hosseinkhani Masoud , Heydariyeh Seyed Abdollah , Razi Farshad Faezi , Tilehnouei Mostafa Hashemi
Published: January 2024

Background: The smartification of supply chains, which enables organizations to stay informed about crises in a timely manner and make appropriate decisions in response to the resulting pressures, has consistently been a crucial factor in the realm of organizational transformation. The healthcare industry in Iran faces more challenges and crises than other industries, especially due to its vital role in public health prevention and care.
Objectives: According to the reasons described, this research aims to simulate and improve the efficiency of the healthcare supply chain when confronted with crises.
Methods: In this study, the efficiency of the healthcare supply chain was simulated using the system dynamics approach and Vensim DSS.
Results: The results indicated that healthcare supply chain efficiency in Iran is unsatisfactory and may confront challenges during crises. Therefore, this study places particular emphasis on examining scenarios for improving the current situation, which stems from the consensus of experts and stakeholders in this field. In the presented scenarios, a 2% improvement in the utilization of advanced intelligent technologies and a 5% improvement in intelligent inventory management were observed. Notably, the combined effect of these two scenarios led to an overall enhancement in the average efficiency of the healthcare smart supply chain. These improvements can increase the average efficiency levels within the pharmaceutical manufacturing segment up to 1.3%, 5.8%, and 7.7% in each of the aforementioned scenarios.
Conclusions: It can be asserted that although the advancement of smart technologies and intelligent inventory management individually contribute to enhancing the efficiency of the healthcare supply chain in Iran, combining these changes can provide the groundwork for further increasing efficiency up to 7.7%.
Legal and Ethical Challenges of Artificial Intelligence Applications in Healthcare
Authors: Eslamitabar Shahriar , Lame Ehsan , Rouzbahani Ahmad , Roozbahani Zohre
Published: January 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become an integral part of modern healthcare, with its algorithms and other AI-enabled applications supporting medical professionals in clinical and research settings. The digital revolution is transforming the way we approach medical care. Currently, numerous AI products have been developed to cover various aspects of healthcare, such as predicting the risk of acute and chronic diseases (e.g., cardiovascular risk, gastrointestinal bleeding, and eye conditions) and forecasting cancer risk, among other cases. Artificial intelligence has the capacity to revolutionize the utilization of health information collected in datasets. However, the specific characteristics of AI, including vagueness, complexity, data dependency, and automated behavior, can pose potential risks to users’ fundamental rights and safety. Therefore, it is crucial to recognize and mitigate these risks and provide legal solutions for any harm resulting from these risks. In the realm of healthcare, AI plays a pivotal role in advancing reliable prediction capabilities. Consequently, the storage and processing of data are imperative for emerging diagnostic and decision-making technologies. Nevertheless, these advances also introduce privacy risks, raising significant legal challenges for medical institutions. Understanding the various levels of these risks assists healthcare professionals and institutions in managing these challenges and complying with regulations. This descriptive research article comprehensively examines and implements the regulatory frameworks governing the United States and the European Union. Additionally, it draws upon documented research in this field to discuss the utilization of AI in healthcare, along with the associated legal issues, including informed consent and malpractice.
Application of Artificial Intelligence in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Nazari Tohid , Ezzati Elmira , Rasekh Hamid Reza , Gharib-Naseri Zahra
Published: January 2024

Background: The potentials of artificial intelligence (AI) have permeated all industries and fields, and the advantages of AI are extensively employed. This technology offers a wide range of benefits in the pharmaceutical industry, including reducing human interventions and increasing the speed and accuracy of tasks. This can expedite time-consuming activities, such as drug discovery, production, clinical trials, research and development, and ultimately, determining a drug’s position in target markets.
Methods: A comprehensive scope review was performed in this descriptive, applied study on the applications of AI in the pharmaceutical industry in Iran. Relevant data were meticulously gathered and extracted from diverse sources, including various search engines, key databases, such as Medline, PubMed, Elsevier, and the Iranian Center for Scientific Information and Documentation, and information databases, reference books, and reports from the World Health Organization. These results represent our research on key themes, including AI, the pharmaceutical industry, drug production, innovation, and evolution. Our main focus lies on the application of AI in the manufacturing part of the pharmaceutical industry, with a deliberate decision not to delve into the technical aspects. This approach allowed us to prioritize a comprehensive understanding of the practical implications and advancements in the manufacturing processes facilitated by artificial intelligence.
Results: The retrieved studies showed that AI has the potential to enhance crucial processes in pharmaceutical companies across various dimensions. These potential capabilities are observed in areas such as quality control, human resource management, research and development, finance, supply chain management, logistics, data management, operations management, customer relationship management, and commerce, which are further discussed.
Conclusions: Pharmaceutical companies can utilize the tools provided by AI in various value-creating processes to enhance their efficiency and effectiveness. This requires the adoption and integration of this innovative technology at various levels of organizational planning so that these companies can harness the greater potential it offers with appropriate investments.
Editorial for the Special Issue on “Artificial Intelligence in Health System Decision Making”
Authors: Mobinizadeh Mohammadreza
Published: January 2024

The Article Abstract is not available.
Regulatory Effects of Long Non-coding RNAs on Th17/Treg Differentiation and Imbalance
Authors: Dabbaghipour Reza , Ahmadi Elham , Entezam Mona , Farzam Omid Rahbar , Baghbanzadeh Amir , Sichani Ali Saber , Jalilzadeh Nazila , Jafarlou Mahdi , Baradaran Behzad
Published: January 2024

Scientific research over the past decades has proven the pivotal role of long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) in regulating gene expression. The immune responses are controlled through the interaction of pro-inflammatory (predominance of T helper 17 cells (Th17)) and anti-inflammatory cytokines excretion (predominance of Regulatory T cells (Treg)). Recent studies have marked the impact of many diverse LncRNAs on Treg/Th17 imbalances. Moreover, some of the roots and causes of human diseases can be associated with the alterations in the Th17/Treg ratio. In this review study, we overviewed the association between LncRNAs and Th17/Treg, with the potential of providing novel prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers and promising therapeutic targets in various diseases, particularly cancer.
The Association between the Expression of MicroRNA-4270 and MicroRNA-4441 with some Metabolic Factors in Iranian Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: Ghodoosifar Sepideh , Dehghan Gholamreza , Safaralizadeh Reza , Baradaran Behzad , Hajialiloo Mehrzad
Published: January 2024

MicroRNAs (miRs) play a role in several diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The purpose of this study was to discover new microRNAs and investigate their involvement in RA, examining their connections with inflammation and metabolic markers.
New microRNAs related to RA were predicted using Mirbase and TargetScan databases based on RA target genes. The relationships between miRNAs and targets were visualized with Cytoscape software. Real-time polymerase chain reaction confirmed detectable miRNAs and metabolic factors were assessed using immunoassay and spectrometry methods in RA patients and healthy subjects. Four microRNAs (hsa-miR-153-5p, hsa-miR-4270, hsa-miR-4441, and hsa-miR-6754-5p) showed the highest correlation with RA target genes among millions of microRNAs.
The expression of miR-146b (fold change=1.8) and miR-4441 (fold change=1.7) was notably reduced, while miR-4270 showed upregulation (fold change=1.8) in plasma from RA patients compared to healthy individuals. MiR-6754 exhibited a decrease (fold change=1.3) but was statistically insignificant. MiR-153-5p expression was undetectable in plasma. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated that miR-4441, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.7728, and miR-4270 (AUC=0.7353) were promising biomarkers for RA. The expression of these studied miRNAs significantly correlated with essential clinical characteristics, including liver enzymes, cholesterol, phosphorus, and vitamin D3.
Our findings suggest that miR-4270 and miR-4441, present in the circulation, exhibit distinct expression patterns in RA. These microRNAs may serve as links between inflammation and metabolism and represent promising new biomarkers for this disease.
Curcumin and Its Semisynthetic Derivative F-Curcumin Ameliorate the Expression of Cytokines in Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mouse Models of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Khosropour Saeid , Shahvarooghi Elahe , Rezaeizadeh Hossein , Esmaeelzadeh Maryam
Published: January 2024

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disorder impacting the central nervous system, with cytokines significantly influencing its pathogenesis. This study investigates the effect of curcumin and its semisynthetic derivative F-curcumin on cytokine gene expression in autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse models of MS.
We assessed the expression levels of specific cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL- 10, IL-17, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), alongside key transcription factors for helper T cells (T-bet, GATA-3, RORγt, and FoxP3) in both the spinal cord and spleen.
Treatment with curcumin and F-curcumin significantly ameliorated the severity and onset of EAE. Notably, mice administered with either compound showed a substantial decrease in the expression of genes encoding IL-1 (2 folds), IFN-γ (2 and 4 folds), and IL-17 (2.5 and 3.5 folds), alongside a marked increase in TGF-β (7 folds) and IL-10 (4 and 6 folds) levels. Additionally, the gene expression of T cell-derived transcription factors nearly mirrored the changes observed in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines across the groups. The F-curcumin-treated group exhibited more pronounced results.
In conclusion, curcumin and F-curcumin significantly modulate cytokine gene expression during EAE induction, potentially alleviating inflammation in MS, with F-curcumin showing a more substantial effect.
Exploring the Impact of Leishmania Major on Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Evaluating Differentiation, and Immunomodulatory Function
Authors: Mashayekh Elham , Khosrojerdi Arezou , Hosseini Ahmad Zavaran , Soudi Sara
Published: January 2024

Pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs), which play a crucial role in responding to pathogens, affect the function of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). One important group of PRRs is the toll-like receptors (TLRs). When PRRs are activated, they can alter the expression of specific surface markers, the ability of MSCs to differentiate, and the types of substances they secrete. These modifications in MSC function may have unexpected consequences for patients. In this study, we examined how Leishmania major (L. major) promastigotes affect the properties of MSCs.
MSCs were isolated from adipose tissue and categorized into two groups: one group left untreated and the other group exposed to L. major. Giemsa staining was employed to accurately quantify the number of parasites that entered the cells. After 72 hours, real-time polymerase chain reaction was utilized to assess the expression of TLRs. Additionally, the flow cytometry technique was used to evaluate the expression of surface markers on the MSCs.
Our results showed that MSCs can engulf parasites and increase the expression of TLR4 and TLR6. The pro-inflammatory cytokine increased, and the transforming growth factor-β decreased significantly. The parasite exposure increased reactive oxygen species production. Additionally, the percentage of cluster differentiation (CD) 73 decreased, and the mean fluorescent index of CD29 and CD73 was down-regulated by L. major.
Exposure to parasites diminishes the immunomodulatory capacity of MSCs. This discovery holds significance for the application of MSCs in addressing parasite infections and underscores the need for additional research to enhance their therapeutic effectiveness.
A Case of Insidious Onset of Kimura Disease-associated Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy without Eosinophil Infiltration in the Renal Tissue
Authors: Liu Linxin , Gou Haoxian , Liu Yongfa , Hu Shuai , Yang Xiaoli , Li Bo
Published: January 2024

Kimura disease (KD), also known as eosinophilic lymphogranuloma, is a rare chronic inflammatory or allergic disease. It can present with immune-related diseases such as nephrotic syndrome, asthma, and ankylosing spondylitis. In this study, we report a case of KD combined with immunoglobulin A nephropathy that first presented as a mass in the inguinal region, followed by recurrent renal involvement. Previous reports suggested that renal involvement caused by KD was due to direct infiltration of eosinophils; however, in this case, no eosinophil infiltration was found in the renal tissue after renal biopsy. This observation reminds us to approach the case from an immune-related molecular perspective to investigate the exact cause of renal damage due to KD.
Does Staff Training Influence Employees’ Performance? Some Reflections From Kigamboni Municipal Council, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Mohd. Aziza Shaib , Bulengela Gideon S
Published: January 2024

The link between training and employee performance is critical to human resources management. Though studies have demonstrated the influence of training on employee performance, few studies have attempted to explore this relationship in Tanzania. This study aimed to examine the impact of training on employee performance. The study further explored factors affecting training programs at Kigamboni Municipal Council. A mixed-method approach was applied to explore the phenomena. Both probability and non-probability sampling techniques were applied to obtain respondents for this study. Questionnaires and interview tools were used to collect data. A total of 95 respondents were selected for the quantitative study, and a total of 15 interviewees were selected for the qualitative study. Qualitative data was analyzed using SPSS, and qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis technique. Findings indicate that employees see the influence of training on job performance. Even though respondents see the importance of training on job performance, minimal training programs were believed to affect their performance negatively. The study revealed several factors affecting the implementation of training programs. The study concludes that it is vital for organizations to strategically manage employees’ training programs to ensure that the majority of employees realize their full potential and improve the overall performance of an organization.
Port jako czynnik rozwoju miasta nadmorskiego (na przykładzie Ustki)
Authors: Michalski Tomasz , Kiniorska Iwona
Published: January 2024

Po transformacji ustrojowej z 1989 r. polskie miasta i wsie, w których znajdowały się małe porty i przystanie morskie, stanęły przed dużą szansą rozwoju. Jednak przemiany ekonomiczne, przystąpienie do Unii Europejskiej oraz degradacja Bałtyku zmniejszyły znaczenie portów i przystani w rozwoju tych miast i wsi. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest analiza zmiany funkcji usteckiego portu i wpływ tego procesu na szanse rozwojowe miasta Ustka. W toku przeprowadzonej analizy stwierdzono, że znaczenie portu dla miasta bardzo zmalało. Stracił on funkcję przemysłową i przeładunkową, a rola bazy dla rybołówstwa uległa zmniejszeniu. Port zachował funkcję turystyczną, lecz ma ona charakter uzupełniający wobec plaż nadmorskich, które są głównym walorem turystycznym Ustki. Port zyskał także przeznaczenie mieszkaniowe, co uznano za mylną koncepcję. Również zamierzona lokalizacja w porcie bazy serwisowej dla planowanych morskich farm wiatrowych nie będzie mieć tu nowej roli miastotwórczej.
Animals and Belief: A Study on Life of Pi and The High Mountains of Portugal
Authors:   The Korean Society For Teaching English Literature, Choi Yejung
Published: January 2024

This paper explores the distinctive features of Yann Martel’s novels, specifically focusing on the role of animals and the theme of belief in his works Life of Pi and The High Mountains of Portugal. The analysis delves into Martel’s unconventional views on belief, which deviate from traditional religious perspectives. The study investigates Martel’s underlying motivations for consistently employing animals as vehicles for conveying his perspectives on belief. This paper argues that Martel employs animals as potent vehicles to underscore the limitations of rationality and objectivity emphasizing the role of belief in human existence. In Life of Pi, the protagonist’s survival with a Bengal tiger in a lifeboat prompts a deeper inquiry into the essence and significance of belief. Blurring the lines between realism and fantasy, Martel proposes a new idea of faith that transcends traditional institutional frameworks of religion. In The High Mountains of Portugal, Martel appropriates Christian narratives to depict the three stages of human belief. Animals are employed as symbols of the protagonists’ spiritual states. They also serve as guides in their spiritual journey, driving the protagonists toward belief Overall, Martel’s exploration of belief employing animals illustrates human need for belief and the interconnectedness of beliefs and stories.
Comparative Efficacy of Different Fixed Drug Combination on Clinical Signs of Respiratory Disease in Starter Pigs
Authors: Habawel Candice Mabette , Purnamasari Listya , Olarve Joseph Peñano , Cruz Joseph Flores dela
Published: January 2024

The high occurrence of respiratory disease in pigs has led to the innovation of fixed-dose drugcombinations (FDCs). A study was conducted to determine the efficacy of two FDCs on 15 starter pigsshowing clinical signs of respiratory disease to determine its effect on their respiratory health and growth.Treatment 1 (T1) was the control group and did not receive any medication. Treatment 2 (T2) contains 90g of Doxycycline, 40 g of Tylosin, 30 g of Paracetamol, 5 g of Bromhexine, and 500 mg of Prednisolone asactive ingredients per kilogram. Treatment 3 (T3) contains 150 g of Amoxicillin Trihydrate, 100 g ofTylosin Tartrate, and 5 g of Bromhexine Hydrochloride as active ingredients per kilogram. The treatmentgives at a therapeutic dose of 10 g/gallon of water twice a day for 7 days.The effects of FDCs were measuredthrough clinical sign evaluation, gross pathologic lung lesion scoring, histopathologic examination, andevaluation of the production performance of the starter pigs using analysis of variance (ANOVA) for aCompletely Randomized Design.. Pigs treated with Treatment 2 had better clinical evaluation scores andproduction performance than Treatment 3. Histopathologic examination demonstrated minimal tissuerepair in all FDCs studied. Improvement denotes that the treatment produces a positive effect.
Karakterisasi Molekuler dan Biologis Virus Fowl Aviadenovirus yang Diisolasi dari Peternakan Ayam Komersial
Authors: Pratomo Aditya Ahkami , Khairunnizak Ifah , Nurhandayani Arini , Wibowo Michael Haryadi
Published: January 2024

Fowl Adenovirus (FAdV) is a virus that causes disease in poultry with characteristics such as inclusionsbody found in organ lesions, especially the liver. The disease causes economic losses, in the form of chickendeaths and immunosuppression effects. Since 2018, outbreaks of FAdV or known as inclusion body hepatitis(IBH) have been reported in broiler farms, in several provinces in Indonesia. This study aims to isolate,and characterize molecularly, and biologically of embryonic chicken eggs and liver cell cultures of chickenembryos. Liver samples, bursa fabricius, and spleen were obtained from 23 commercial chicken farms inIndonesia that were diagnosed with IBH disease from 2018-2020. Molecular detection was carried out bypolymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, using hexon gene-specific primers. The amplification resultwas positive, then sequencing was performed. Isolation was carried out using embryonic chicken eggs(ECE) specific pathogen free (SPF) and chicken embryo liver (CEL) cell cultures. Detection and molecularcharacterization showed that all FAdV isolated from poultry obtained from cases diagnosed with IBHdisease confirmed as FAdV genotype E, including strain FAdV-8b. Isolation on TAB showed embryonicbleeding lesions and swelling of the liver. Propagation of the FADV isolate using chicken embryo liver cellculture, showed cytopathic lesions that could be observed in the first passage, in the form of swelling androunding of infected cells. IBH disease outbreaks in commercial chickens in this study, confirmed the causeis FAdV genotype E, which is included in serotype 8b. FAdV virus isolated on SPF TAB showed embryonicbleeding lesions and hepatitis. FAdV virus isolated in this study was assessed as pathogenic in SPFchicken embryos.
Karakteristik Struktur dan Morfometri Usus Besar Itik Bali pada Pertumbuhan Fase Starter, Grower, dan Finisher
Authors: Nissa Yulia Khalifatun , Heryani Luh Gde Sri Surya , Suatha I Ketut , Susari Ni Nyoman Werdi , Setiasih Ni Luh Eka , Sukada I Made
Published: January 2024

Itik bali (Anas sp.) merupakan plasma nutfah asli Indonesia yang dimanfaatkan daging dan telurnya.Keberadaan itik bali masih kurang mendapat perhatian secara khusus mengenai struktur dan morfometridasar organ penunjang kehidupan, khususnya usus besar. Seiring masa pertumbuhan, organ itik balimengalami perkembangan bobot dan struktur. Hal ini yang menyebabkan adanya perbedaan morfometripada usus besar di umur yang berbeda. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional non-eksperimental dengan metode rancangan acak lengkap menggunakan itik bali jantan dengan tiga kelompokumur yang mewakili setiap fase pertumbuhan, yaitu fase starter (1 bulan), fase grower (3 bulan), dan fasefinisher (5 bulan). Hasil pengukuran sekum kiri dan kanan serta kolon itik bali umur satu bulan meliputipanjang, lebar, dan bobot secara berturut-turut yaitu 14,65±0,65 cm, 1,16±0,23 cm, 1,10±0,32 g; 13,70±0,87cm, 1,01±0,24 cm, 0,96±0,41 g; dan 8,05±0,74 cm, 1,76±0,28 cm, 2,32±0,11 g. Sekum kiri dan kanan sertakolon itik bali berumur tiga bulan berturut-turut yaitu 15,43±1,65cm, 1,05±0,06 cm, 1,83±0,20 g;13,83±1,59 cm, 1,03±0,10 cm, 1,83±0,20 g; dan 9,08±0,81 cm, 2,15±0,26 cm, 4,66±0,88 g, sedangkansekum kiri dan kanan serta kolon itik bali berumur 5 bulan berturut-turut yaitu 18,45±1,34 cm, 1,09±0,96 cm, 2,16±0,32 g; 17,63±1,32 cm, 1,05±0,05 cm, 2,05±0,42 g; dan 10,33±1,50 cm, 2,21±0,23cm, 5,25±0,38 g.Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa struktur anatomi dan histologi pada fase umur starter,grower, dan finisher adalah sama, tetapi dalam pengamatan morfometri dapat disimpulkan bahwa perbedaan umur memengaruhi peningkatan morfometri anatomi usus besar itik bali.
Penyebaran Kejadian Penyakit African Swine Fever di Kabupaten Manggarai Barat Tahun 2020-2021
Authors: Nugraha Elisabeth Yulia , Rinca Korbinianus Feribertus , Bollyn Yohana Maria Febrizki
Published: January 2024

Penyakit African Swine Fever (ASF) pertama kali dilaporkan terjadi di Desa Daleng, Kecamatan Lembor, Kabupaten Manggarai Barat pada bulan September 2020. Penyakit ini telahmenyebar di seluruh Kabupaten Manggarai Barat dan menimbulkan kerugian ekonomi yang besar bagi peternak dikarenakan angka mortalitasnya yang mencapai lebih dari 90%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan penyebaran penyakit ASF yang terjadi di Kabupaten Manggarai Barat berdasarkan penelusuran laporan kejadian ASF, terutama yang telah diteguhkan secara laboratorium. Survei data penelitian ini memanfaatkan data sekunder, selain itu juga dilengkapi dengan borang kuisioner openended yang akan ditanyakan ke para responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa penyakit ASF berdasarkan pemetaan telah menyebar di dua belas kecamatan yang ada di Kabupaten Manggarai Barat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan ASF dalam tempo kurang dari satu tahun telah menyebar ke seluruh Kabupaten Manggarai Barat. Kasus penyebaranASF di Kabupaten Manggarai Barat menunjukkan adanya campur tangan manusia karena masih mengacu pada sistem dan pola pemeliharaan yang semi intensif.
Gambaran Leukosit pada Proses Penyembuhan Patah Tulang Paha pada Tikus dengan Terapi Minyak Sasak Secara Topikal
Authors: Nurjunitar Annita Vury , Gunanti Gunanti , Noviana Deni
Published: January 2024

Minyak sasak merupakan satu di antara produk obat tradisional Indonesia yang dapat membantu penyembuhan patah (fraktur) tulang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis gambaran leukosit pada proses penyembuhan patah tulang paha pada tikus dengan terapi minyak sasak secara topikal. Penelitian ini menggunakan 28 ekor tikus jantan yang dibagi menjadi empat kelompok. Semua tikus menjalani operasi fraktur tertutup pada bagian tengah diafisis os femur dan pemasangan pinintrameduler. Kelompok P0 adalah kelompok kontrol, kelompok P1 diberi minyak sasak 0,1 mL dua kali per hari, kelompok P2 diberi minyak sasak 0,3 mL dua kali per hari, dan kelompok P3 diberi minyak sasak 0,5 mL dua kali per hari secara topikal di atas luka jahitan operasi selama delapan minggu.Pengambilan sampel darah dilakukan sehari sebelum operasi, minggu ke-2, 6, dan 8 setelah operasi. Secara umum, gambaran leukosit kelompok P3 pada minggu ke-2 setelah operasi jumlahnya mengalami penurunan kemudian meningkat pada minggu ke-6 dan ke-8, kecuali neutrofil. Pada minggu ke-2 setelah operasi, neutrofil mengalami peningkatan jumlah di atas nilai normal, dan berbeda nyata (P<0,05) dengan waktu sebelum operasi. Pada minggu ke-6 setelah operasi terjadi peningkatan jumlah leukosit, limfosit, dan monosit yang tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05) dengan minggu ke-2. Sementara neutrofil mengalami penurunan jumlah yang berbeda nyata (P<0,05). Peningkatan dan penurunan jumlah sel darah putih tersebut masih berada dalam kisaran nilai normal dan tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05) dengan minggu ke-8 setelah operasi. Penelitian ini menunjukkan pemberian minyak sasak dosis 0,5 mL (P3) dua kali per hari secara topical membuat kondisi menjadi lebih stabil, dapat mempercepat regenerasi sel-sel, dan tidak menyebabkan alergi.
A study on the Impact of Financial Literacy on Financial Investment Decisions among women: A review of selected literature
Authors: Mrs. Yashasvi Panwar  , Dr. Vidya Telang  , Dr. Vidya Telang
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Investment constitutes an important decision for effective personal financial planning.  A good Investment provides a base for a sound financial situation in near future. The recent time period has seen a revolutionary growth in the situation of women. This growth has become more important for the women living in India because India is a developing country. Recently, Indian women have faced tremendous growth in their position across different parts of the country. Women take various important decisions in their life and for their family including financial decisions. It can be savings, Expenditure, investment, decision about loans and advances, retirement planning. Purpose: This study focuses on the awareness of Financial Investments in Women. The purpose of this paper is to study the financial literacy in women about Financial Investment by using literature based analysis.

Data collection: Secondary data is collected from various sources such as journals, research papers, websites and articles.

Findings: The study of various papers reveals that majority of women do not prefer equity as investment. Majority of the women prefer investments which carry less risk such as Fixed Deposits, Post Office Investments and so on. Government can form new policies and schemes to attract more investments which are underrated.
TRAILBLAZERS OF MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE IN ANCIENT INDIA, WHO HAVE SHAPED THE MEDICAL SCIENCE
Authors: Mandal Ram Krishna
Published: January 2024

The ancient sages contributed intricate knowledge of disease’s causes and even described the likelihood of hereditary transmission pathways and how to cure the diseases. Ayurveda, ‘a natural medicine system’ for health care practices through the application of herbs and other materials, originated more than 5,000 years ago in India. The objective of the study is to examine the contributions of Sages, Acharyas, Maharishis, and Rishis in the medical field of ancient India and their impact on modern medicine. Method: The study is descriptive type by nature based basically on the data collected from different secondary sources. Findings: Indian medical knowledge spread throughout the world and it has remained and used as it was in the past or used in a modified way but remains its originality in some places of the world.  Conclusion: Numerous Baidyas (Doctors) and Surgeons have made significant contributions to India's healthcare systems in ancient India.  These outstanding ancient Indian medical researchers have made a lasting impact on a number of scientific fields. Their significant discoveries, ground-breaking theories, and profound insights continue to influence how we develop our healthcare practices.
Assam Tourism-Scenario: The Path Trodden and the Way Forward
Authors: Sarkar Sukanta , Suman Dr. Suman Kalyan Chaudhury , Chandra Dr. Chandra Sekhar Pattnaik
Published: January 2024

The paper explores the status, prospects, and challenges of sustainable tourism in the state of Assam, India. It identifies Wildlife Tourism, Cultural Tourism, Pilgrim Tourism, Golf Tourism, and Adventure Tourism as promising sectors. Assam, known as the Gateway to North-Eastern India, boasts a rich history, cultural vibrancy, and diverse natural beauty. The state attracts global tourists with its scenic landscapes, vibrant culture, and the allure of Blue Mountains. Wildlife Tourism is particularly popular, and Assam features the best hill stations in the region. The state offers various tourism categories, including Health-Based, Event-Based, Nature-Based, Rural-Based, Cultural, Fairs and Festivals-Based Tourism, River Tourism, and Water Leisure activities. However, challenges such as insufficient infrastructure and natural calamities like floods hinder the tourism sector. The paper suggests that addressing these challenges through a strategic and sustainable approach, can contribute to the state's growth and development; given its significant role in generating direct and indirect employment. The study relies on meticulously chosen secondary data for authenticity.
Ntuma - the Cotton Village of Nagaland, North East India
Authors: Deb Dr, Sukamal
Published: January 2024

India is believed to be the original home of the cotton plant. Cotton occupies about 4.7 per cent of the total cropped area in the country. Cotton is the most important fibre crop of the entire world. It provides the basic raw material to the cotton textile industry. The article is based on the practice of organic cotton cultivation in Nagaland, a tribal State in India.

        Ntuma, a village in Nagaland, also called Cotton village, this research work is on Ntuma and its contiguous villages. These tribal villages, especially Entuma used to cultivate organic cotton decades back for hundreds of livelihoods. People don’t always think about organic when it comes to the clothes we wear, the sheets we sleep on, the personal care items we depend on, and the mattresses in our bedrooms. But organic cotton is one of the most important choices people can make for the environment, because it supports a healthy ecosystem and prevents the use of toxic synthetic chemicals.

          A deep dive into the environmental benefits of organic cotton production, the importance of avoiding synthetic chemicals, the role of organic cotton when it comes to climate change mitigation, and the benefits of organic cotton to water and biodiversity is admirable. The craft people everywhere use their hands and soul to make the world a better place. In this context, artisans of Ntuma, it’s contiguous villages in Peren district or for so the entire Nagaland is an example. Years back people of these villages, especially the women, used to cultivate organic cotton and make fabulous tribal textile from that which with the passage of time got eroded. With imagination, and subtle intensity, the weaving of Nagaland pays homage to the indomitable spirit of its creators.  

           May be in a small way organic cotton cultivation and its further value additions may help closing the SDG gap, an appreciation for Tough-To-Decarbonize Industries, accelerating gender parity, youth perspectives, defeating the climate and health nexus and promoting agricultural growth.
Teacher’s Spiritual Competence and Its Implicatioan in Islamic Relgious Education Learning in Pidie, Aceh
Authors: A. Samad Sri Astuti , Gade Syabuddin , Basri Hasan , Ariani Safrina
Published: January 2024

Teachers have a great responsibility in education as they help direct spiritual aspects to foster good morals in students. The research examines spiritual competence and its implications for learning Islamic Religious Education in schools in Pidie, Aceh. This research is based on the field study and applied the qualitative descriptive-analytic method. The study subjects were five teachers, four principals, and three students at the scchools in Pidie.  Data was collected using interviews, observations, document studies, and focused group dsicussions. The findings showed that the teachers' spiritual competence came from the sincere nature of the teachers in educating students. Such sincerity became the main factor in motivating the teachers to educate sincerely, earnestly, responsibly, and with discipline so that the learning process and the quality of learning could be better. Islamic religious education teachers' spiritual competence has influenced their teaching performance and helped them complete their duties correctly. This spiritual competence also affects the students' morals and enthusiasm to improve their academic achievements. Hence, students have received proper guidance, advice, and role models from teachers in class and extracurricular activities.