bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN POLA ASUH ORANG TUA DENGAN KEMANDIRIAN PERSONAL HYGIENE ANAK DI TK PERTIWI GONDOWULAN 1
Authors: Zuliyanti Nurma Ika , Setiawati Dwi Deni
Published: January 2021

ABSTRAK                          Latar belakang penelitian: Berdasar studi pendahuluan  pada 13 orang tua wali murid di TK Pertiwi Gondowulan 1, 9 orang tua mengatakan anaknya belum mampu melakukan personal hygiene secara mandiri. Pola asuh orang tua merupakan salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kemandirian personal hygiene anak. Tujuan penelitian: Untuk mengetahui hubungan pola asuh orang tua dengan kemandirian personal hygiene anak di TK Pertiwi Gondowulan 1. Metode penelitian: Jenis penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian 37 responden, teknik sampling menggunakan total sampling, jumlah sampel 37 responden. Penelitian dilakukan tanggal 10-14 Maret 2019 di TK Pertiwi Gondowulan 1. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner. Analisa data menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian: Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dengan uji chi-square didapat p-value =0,002 (p<0,05). Simpulan: Ada hubungan antara pola asuh orang tua dengan kemandirian personal hygiene anak di TK Pertiwi Gondowulan 1. Saran: Orang tua dapat menerapkan pola asuh yang paling tepat untuk anak. Guru mampu membimbing siswa agar mampu mencapai tingkat kemandirian melaui kegiatan belajar mengajar.Kata kunci : Pola asuh orang tua, kemandirian personal hygiene, prasekolahTHE RELATIONSHIP OF PARENTING STYLE WITH THE INDEPENDENCE OF PERSONAL HYGIENE THE CHILDREN'S  IN PERTIWI GONDOWULAN 1ABSTRACTResearch background: Based on a preliminary study on 13 parents of pupils in TK Pertiwi 1 Gondowulan , 9 parents said their children were not able to do personal hygiene independently. Parenting style is one of the factors that influence children's personal hygiene independence. The research objective: To determine the relationship between parenting style and personal hygiene independence of children in TK Pertiwi 1 Gondowulan . Research method: This is an analytic observational study with a cross sectional approach. The study population was 37 respondents, the sampling technique used total sampling, the number of samples was 37 respondents. The research was conducted on March 10-14 2019 at TK 1 Pertiwi Gondowulan. The research instrument used a questionnaire. Data analysis used the chi-square test. Results: Based on the results of data analysis using the chi-square test, it was found that p-value = 0.002 (p <0.05). Conclusion: There is a relationship between parenting style and children's personal hygiene independence at TK Pertiwi 1 Gondowulan. Suggestion: Parents can apply the most appropriate parenting styles for children. The teacher is able to guide students to be able to achieve a level of independence through teaching and learning activities.Keywords: Parenting style, independence of personal hygiene, preschool
Desain dan Analisa Sistem Kontrol Ruangan dengan Menggunakan Key Tools dan Perintah Suara
Authors: Iwan Purwanto
Published: January 2021

Kenyamanan merupakan suatu untur yang sangat dibutuhkan dalam kelangsungan hidup seseorang. Perkembangan teknologi yang terus berkembang dewasa ini, menyediakan kenyamanan bagi pengguna terutama dalam menciptakan keamanan rumahnya.Kolaborasi antara perkembangan teknologi dan kebutuhan yang sifatnya urgent memberikan nilai tambah bagi user untuk terus meningkatkan serta menggantungkan kebutuhannya terhadap perkembangan teknologi. Teknologi terbarukan akan diharapkan akan dapat memenuhi kebutuhan user dari segala sisi. Menanggapi hal tersebut maka akan dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk melakukan rancang bangun dan mengetahui kondisi eksekusi produk dan akan disesuaikan dengan standar minimal komponen terbarukan. Proses pengukuran dilakukan pada tiga lingkup penangkapan sinyal dengan menitikberatkan pada satu titik sensor dan dilakukan pada tiga waktu sensitif waktu yaitu pagi, siang dan sore hari. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan sistem keamanan rumah denagn jarak jauh dengan menggunakan pendekatan kondisi ruang dan waktu dalam suatu kondisi. Metode penelitian yang diusulkan adalah penelitian kualitatif. Hasil penelitian dapat menunjukkan bahwa sangat penting konsistensi ruang dan waktu yang stabil akan menghasilkan proses konektifitas yang koefisien dalam proses operasionalnya, terutama mendukung proses konektifitas remote dalam merespon sensitivitas instruksi. Sistem sensitivitas kondisi pengguna di disekitar rumah dan operator menentukan tipologi orang di ruangan itu sebagai pengguna. Tipologi ini dapat memperkuat motivasi masyarakat untuk merasa nyaman berada di dalam ruangan dengan objek kestabilan sinyal.
Vehicle Parking Assistance with Multi-Round Auction and Offload Reduction
Authors: S Smys , Shakya Subarna
Published: January 2021

One of the most promising fields of vehicular fog computing (VFC) is by using it as a means to build a parking lot allotment system. Integrating this with parked vehicle assistance system, we can use VFC to its full potential. In this paper, we propose an automatic vehicle allocation system that guides the vehicles on the move to their allotted parking slot, making it simpler to park. Moreover, further add-ons such as monetary rewards are given means to compensate for the cost of service. The VFC is exploited to ensure that there is no delay in parking allotment. Moreover, the payment rule proposed by the system ensures budget balance, individual rationality and incentive compatibility. The performance output is measured using simulation results and it is observed that there is a significant improvement and the same is recorded.
ГИДРОЛИЗ В СИСТЕМЕ «КАРБОНАТ НАТРИЯ + ВОДА», ПРОТЕКАЮЩИЙ В ОДНУ СТУПЕНЬ
Authors: Хасанов И.И. , Сосланбекова Х.Х.
Published: January 2021

Цель работы – показать, что параллельно ступенчатой диссоциации электролитов, по Бьерруму, может протекать тримолекулярная реакция в зависимости от условий проведения, т.е. две стадии диссоциации двухосновных кислот или две ступени гидролиза тернарного электролита (бимолекулярные реакции) могут быть завершены в одну стадию (тримолекулярная реакция). Рассмотрены случаи, когда гидролиз в системе «карбонат натрия +вода» осуществляется в две стадии, а также впервые предложен случай, когда гидролиз в системе «карбонат натрия + вода» может протекать в одну ступень. Вычислены константы и степени гидролиза для всех случаев, проведен сравнительный анализ для них. Рекомендовано учесть, что принцип Ле Шателье не применим к процессу гидролиза, при написании выражения для константы гидролиза или константы равновесия химической реакции говорить о применении закона (константы) химического равновесия (ЗХР), а не закона действия масс.
The Relationship between Speaking and Writing in Descriptive Discourse in a Moroccan University EFL Context
Authors: Akki Fouad , Larouz Mohammed
Published: January 2021

The present paper aims at investigating the relationship between speaking and writing in descriptive discourse among Moroccan university EFL students within the department of English Studies at Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco. To attain this end, 80 undergraduate semester six students studying English as a foreign language were randomly selected to participate in the current study. Subsequently, speaking and writing proficiency tests were administered to the participants to measure their descriptive abilities in speaking and writing.  The data were analyzed by carrying out correlation and regression analysis in SPSS. The results reveal that there is a strong positive and statistically significant correlation between speaking and writing in descriptive discourse, r = .61. Descriptive speaking can predict 37 percent of EFL students’ descriptive writing (R2 =.37). The study ends with implications for teachers, syllabus designers, and the department of English studies.
Familiarity of Iranian M.A. Translation Students with ICT Tools
Authors: Abdi Hamidreza
Published: January 2021

Familiarity with information and communication technology (ICT) is of great importance to the translation students because it allows the students to make use of a wide range of ICT tools. The present study investigated the degree of students’ familiarity with ICT tools employed to support ICT related activities included in the translator’s workstation. To do this, a questionnaire encompassing 24 questions was designed on the basis of translation activities proposed by Fulford and Granell-Zafar (2005), including information search and retrieval, communications, and marketing and work procurement. The results indicated the high familiarity of the M.A. translation students with general-purpose software application, namely online dictionaries and internet search engines, and the lower than the average familiarity of them with specific-purpose software, such as FTP and MUDs. Furthermore, chi-square test (X²) was run to see whether there is a significant relationship between each type of ICT tools and the participants. The results illustrated that the relationships between the M.A. translation students and some ICT applications, including internet search engines, web browsers, online dictionaries and encyclopedia, IRC, and MUDs, were significant; whereas, it was not significant between the other types of ICT software and students. This includes online translation marketplaces, internet forums, email, instant messaging, video chat, discussion mailing lists, talkers, and FTP.
O Grupo de Estudos ICEM — Insubordinações Criativas em Educação Matemática: contexto, desafios e perspectivas
Authors: Teres Silvana Leonora Lehmkuhl , Grando Regina Célia
Published: January 2021

Este artigo apresenta uma discussão acerca da Insubordinação Criativa e a sua relação com os grupos colaborativos. Na sequência, apresentamos o grupo de Insubordinação Criativa em Educação Matemática — ICEM, da UFSC, as considerações de seus integrantes sobre os conhecimentos construídos e as motivações que os trouxeram para este contexto. A nossa pesquisa é norteada pela metodologia da Pesquisa Narrativa, com característica de pesquisa participante, cuja pesquisadora é uma das autoras deste texto. Para a produção dos dados, utilizamos os registros escritos da pesquisadora e áudios dos encontros realizados pelo grupo neste primeiro ano. As informações mostram que a participação dos integrantes no ICEM está associada a uma perspectiva de Insubordinação Criativa e que as ações desenvolvidas no grupo propiciaram a articulação entre os conhecimentos acadêmicos e as práticas na sala de aula, contribuindo, assim, para a ressignificação de saberes sobre a própria prática, a profissão docente e a aprendizagem da matemática. O grupo almeja compartilhar os conhecimentos construídos em outros espaços, para contribuir com a aprendizagem da matemática dos estudantes nos diferentes níveis e modalidades de educação, e considera seu maior desafio o reconhecimento do ICEM como um contexto de formação nas instituições onde atuam.
ORGANISATIONAL CHANGE: A CONCEPTUAL AND THEORETICAL REVIEW
Authors: ARAVOPOULOU Eleni
Published: January 2021

The organisational change is a phenomenon which has gained attention from theoretists and practioners alike. The paper analyzes the notion of change, oragnizational change and types of change. The paper is of theoretical nature. Several authors have perceived organisational change as a “response” to an organisation’s internal and/or external environment. The paper investigates different perspectives of emergent change basing on Kanter et al., (1992) Kotter (1996) and Luecke (2003). The author highlights that these three models have some common features: a development of vision and leadership. On the other hand Strobel (2015) refutes the argument that there is “one best way” that can be applied in all situations and organisations, when managing change, and promotes the idea of “one best way” for each situation and organisation individually. Moreover the drivers and types of organizational change are presented. Several forces driving organisational change have been identified and they basically involve factors with regards to both the internal and external environment of an organisation.
SOURCE OF FINANCES AND DIRECTIONS OF EXPENSES ON THE CRISIS MANAGEMENT IN THE COMMUNE
Authors: KUCZYŃSKA-CESARZ Anna
Published: January 2021

Aktualnie w gospodarce polskiej różnym działaniom towarzyszą sytuacje kryzysowe. Definicja sytuacji kryzysowej, planowanie zadań z zakresu zarządzania kryzysowego, finansowanie tych zadań, organy właściwe odpowiedzialne za ich realizację określone są w ustawie o zarządzaniu kryzysowym. Znajomość wszystkich aktów prawnych dotyczących zarządzania kryzysowego warunkuje właściwe planowanie, wykonanie, finansowanie i kontrolę realizacji zadań z tego obszaru na szczeblu krajowym i samorządowym. W artykule przedstawiono zasady finansowania zarządzania kryzysowego w Polsce na poziomie samorządowym oraz praktyczne problemy ich realizacji. Przeanalizowano nakłady na zarządzanie kryzysowe w okresie czterech ostatnich lat w wybranej gminie wiejskiej.
Forecaster’s handbook: how to proceed to make a real forecast and not a mare
Authors: Woźniak Jacek
Published: January 2021

Recenzja książki autorstwa Nate’a Silvera pt. Sygnał i szum: sztuka prognozowania
w erze technologii, wydanej nakładem Wydawnictwa HELION, Gliwice 2014, ISBN: 978-83-246-9122-7, s. 479
A METAPHORICAL DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION IN THE MANAGEMENT AND MARKETING OF SERVICE COMPANIES
Authors: BOGUSZEWICZ-KREFT Monika , KREFT Jan
Published: January 2021

Celem artykułu jest wskazanie znaczenia metafor w opisie działalności przedsiębiorstwa oraz prezentacja wybranych metafor znajdujących zastosowanie w zarządzaniu i marketingu przedsiębiorstw usługowych ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem przedsiębiorstw medialnych. W opracowaniu wykorzystano metodę analizy literatury. W treści zaprezentowano pojęcie metafor i ich rolę w organizacjach, typologię metafor oraz przykłady ich wykorzystania w przedsiębiorstwach usługowych oraz medialnych, w szczególności koncentrując się na metaforach teatru i orkiestry. W artykule wskazano również ograniczenia stosowania metafor. Słowa kluczowe: zarządzanie, marketing usług, metafory, przedsiębiorstwa medialne.
A SENSE OF EFFICIENCY AND PROACTIVE BEHAVIOURS OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN THE CONTEXT OF CAREER PLANNING
Authors: MAZURKIEWICZ Anna , STEC Małgorzata
Published: January 2021

Opracowanie koncentruje się na zagadnieniach proaktywności oraz poczucia własnej skuteczności młodych osób w kontekście realizacji ich kariery. Zagadnienia te zyskują szczególne znaczenie w odniesieniu do grupy osób planujących i rozpoczynających karierę zawodową. Decyzje podejmowane w okresie rozpoczęcia aktywności zawodowej oddziałują znacząco na dalsze życie – zarówno osobiste, jak i zawodowe. Odpowiedzialność za jej kształt i przebieg przesunięta została w stronę jednostki jako jej realizatora. W badaniach uczestniczyło 133 studentów ostatniego semestru studiów pierwszego stopnia Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego. Zastosowano w nich Kwestionariusz Skali Zachowań Proaktywnych w Karierze oraz Skalę Uogólnionej Własnej Skuteczności. Otrzymane wyniki poddano analizie statystycznej z wykorzystaniem wybranych metod.
Entrepreneurship development as a factor intensify cooperation in rural areas of Ukraine
Authors: Kulish Inna
Published: January 2021

This article is devoted to the problems of development of small and medium enterprises in rural areas of Ukraine. It is shown how the cooperation of small and medium-sized enterprises can affect the overall development of rural areas and increase its competitiveness. The influence of agroholdings on the development of small and medium-sized enterprises and cooperation in rural areas of Ukraine is shown. The
influence of non-agricultural enterprises on the socio-economic development of rural areas is determined.
Scientific seminar of Institute of Organization and Management titled lnformation and communication technologies in the modern management
Authors: WOŹNIAK Jacek
Published: January 2021

Seminarium naukowe Instytutu Organizacji i Zarządzania Wydziału Cybernetyki WAT przygotowane przez Zakład Inżynierii Zarządzania pt. Technologie teleinformatyczne we współczesnym zarządzaniu
ZMIANY WEWNĄTRZ ORGANIZACJI W OCENIE PRACOWNIKÓW BADANYCH PODMIOTÓW GOSPODARCZYCH
Authors: MYJAK Teresa
Published: January 2021

W procesie planowania i wdrażania zmian wewnątrz organizacji fundamentalne znaczenie mają ludzie. Na każdym etapie procesu zmian istotną kwestią są postawy, zachowania i reakcje pracowników na dokonujące się zmiany. Celem publikacji jest przedstawienie zmian w przedsiębiorstwie oraz opinii pracowników na temat wprowadzonych zmian wewnątrz organizacji. Realizacja tak postawionego celu wymaga z jednej strony przeprowadzenia rozważań teoretycznych na temat zmian wewnątrzorganizacyjnych, a z drugiej - empirycznego przedstawienia podjętej problematyki. Analizując wyselekcjonowaną literaturę przedmiotu ukazano wybrane zagadnienia zmian wewnątrzorganizacyjnych. Na podstawie zrealizowanych w latach 2012-2014 badań własnych, przeprowadzonych w mikro, małych, średnich i dużych przedsiębiorstwach branży budowlanej sektora prywatnego, zlokalizowanych w województwie małopolskim, zaprezentowano fragment wyników badań obejmujący odczucia respondentów wobec dokonanych w tych przedsiębiorstwach zmian na przestrzeni pięciu ostatnich lat, poprzedzających okres badań. Zaprezentowano obszary zmian wewnątrzorganizacyjnych oraz ocenę tych zmian z perspektywy osób biorących udział w badaniach.
ZARZĄDZANIE ODKRYWA HARCERSTWO
Authors: MATYSIAK Stanisław
Published: January 2021

Czwarta konferencja naukowa „Nowoczesne koncepcje i metody zarządzania'' to okazja do wymiany doświadczeń na temat nowych pomysłów na kierowanie organizacją. Szansa, by nadążać za trendami, nie zostać w tyle, wybijać rytm. Jednak w biegu człowiek rzadko zwraca uwagę na szczegóły - przyjmuje nowe teorie i koncepcje bez zastanowienia i wielbi ich innowacyjność. A co jeśli niektóre z nich powstały i zostały opisane już sto lat temu? Czy w takim razie nauka nie błądzi, niczym dziecko we mgle? Albo jak postać Koziołka Matołka, który krążył po całym świecie, by znaleźć to co było bardzo blisko? Niniejsza praca ma na celu krótką analizę nowoczesnych koncepcji zarządzania i porównanie ich z praktykami stosowanymi w harcerstwie.
Quick Look at Vertical Music Videos' Past and Future
Authors: Hananto Brian Alvin
Published: January 2021

Nowadays we find more and more videos, especially music videos, that were released on a vertical or portrait format. These format certainly were uncommon ten to fifteen years ago, but nowadays videos that use vertical format can be found anywhere, from amateur youtube videos to professionally made music videos. Certainly, the development of mobile phone technology plays a significant part in how the format came to be but does the mobile phone itself creates the advent of the vertical format? This paper attempts to explain how the vertical format became a format that slowly became popular. From looking at various vertical format videos from the past, examining the technological advances and other contexts that may also influence the format’s formation, and also the way people captures moving images; the author attempts to provide an insight on how the vertical format videos became a common thing nowadays. 
Based on several literature reviews, the author also compares the vertical format and the horizontal format in hopes to provide insight on how these formats differ. The author also tries to predict how the future of the vertical format may influence cinematography on other media in the long run. The paper concludes by pointing out several ideas on how to respond to the vertical format itself.
Smart Storytelling 4 Communities
Authors: Schleser Max , Davis Hillary , Knox Jasmine
Published: January 2021

This presentation will explore the recent work of the Smart Storytelling Consortium. As a collaboration between the SIRI, Social Innovation Research Institute and MINA, the Mobile Innovation Network and Association, Dr. Max Schleser and Dr. Hilary Davis initiated the Smart Storytelling Day, which brought together different non-government organisations (NGOs) and community groups to explore the potential of Smart Storytelling series commissioned by Yarriambiack Shire Tourism was produced in 2018-9. The application of audiences, practices and technologies’.
Factors Related To Anxy Events In Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 In Public Health Center
Authors: Ira Inayah  , Aszrul AB  , Siringoringo Edison , Nurlina
Published: January 2021

Tuberculosis is a contagious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium Tuberculosis which is spread through droplets of people who have been infected with tuberculosis bacilli. Pulmonary tuberculosis is still a challenge in public health problems both regionally, nationally, and globally. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2015, there were 10.4 million new TB cases and nearly 75% of pulmonary tuberculosis patients were economically productive age groups. . The purpose of this study was to determine the physical environmental factors of the house with the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis at the Bonto Bahari Health Center in 2020. The research method used was using analytical research methods with a case-control approach (case-control) where subjects, namely cases and controls were known and selected based on the output ( out came), then looked back (backward) about the history of the research exposure status experienced by the subject. The population in this study was about 40 people and the sample in this study amounted to 80 because the researcher took 40 controls. The results of the analysis using the Wilcoxon and Mc Nemar tests, with the results obtained by the value of ventilation (p-value = 0.001) then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. The type of floor obtained value (p-value = 1,000) then Ho is accepted and Ha is rejected. The type of wall obtained value (p-value = 0.002) then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. Occupancy density obtained value (p-value = 0.582) then Ho is accepted and Ha is rejected. The conclusion of this study There is a relationship between ventilation and the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis, there is a relationship between the type of wall and the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis and there is no relationship between floor type and occupancy density with the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis.
Histological and Biometric Study of the Effects of Fusarium Graminarum Silver Nanoparticles on the Kidney in Male Albino Mice
Authors: Sahar A. H. AL-Sharqi
Published: January 2021

An approach to synthesizing silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)using a Fusarium graminarum fungus was

established in the present study.These nanoparticles are identified with the following techniques to confirm

the form, size, and other physical properties of the crystal:UV-Visible Spectroscopy(UV-Vis),where the

AgNPs showed absorbance at 420 nm, while X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)showed diffraction peaks at(38.05°,4

nm).The experiment consisted of 40 mice divided into two groups, the first group of 20 mice was considered

to be the control animals and the other group 20mice was 21day of treatment with a dose of AgNPs(0.1ml/

day).Microscopic examination of the kidney section showed lobulated glomeruli,a large area of hemorrhage,

changes in degeneration, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Biometric changes of the renal corpuscle showed

no significant difference between the study group,while Bowman’s capsule,Proximal,and distal convoluted

tubules revealed increased significant differences between the two groups.
Evaluation of Students’ Self–management and Academic Achievement in the University of Baghdad
Authors: Basima J. Jasim
Published: January 2021

Objective(s): To evaluate university students’ self-management and academic achievement; to compare

between these students relative to their self-management and academic achievement; and to determine the

relationships between these students’ self-management, academic achievement and their socio-demographic

characteristics in the University of Baghdad. For the period of November 2nd 2018 to May 30th 2019.

Methods: A descriptive design, using the evaluation and comparison approaches, is employed throughout

the study. Two self-evaluation questionnaires are constructed for the purpose of the presents study. Content

validity and internal consistency reliability are determined for the study instruments through a pilot study.

A non-probability, purposive sample, of (80) university students is selected from the Medical Colleges,

College of Engineering, College of Sciences and College of Education in the University of Baghdad. Data

are collected through the use of the study instruments and the structured interview technique as means for

data collection for the period of February 21st 2019 to March 20th 2019. Data are analyzed through the

application of the descriptive statistical data analysis approach which includes frequency, percentage, mean,

total score and range and inferential statistical data analysis approach of Analysis of Variance and Multiple

Linear Regression.

Results: The study depicts that most of the college students experience fair to good level of self-management

and good level of academic achievement.

Conclusion: The study concludes that students do not present differences in their self-management and

academic achievement. Self-management is affected by students’ gender and education and academic

achievement is influenced by students’ socioeconomic status
Identity and Participation Among the New Saudis
Authors: Zidi Mongi , Al-Shalaki Turki , Alsaif Talal , Al-Dossary Saeed , Hamed Desouki , Hilal Ibrahim
Published: January 2021

An exploratory study was conducted examining the problem of identity and participation among Saudi youth in light of social transformations. The project combined the quantitative and the qualitative curricula and relied on a field study using an electronic questionnaire with a sample of 1318 male and female students from the University of Hail and the participation of 120 students in focus groups during the beginning of the 2020/2021 academic year. The research was based on a number of international and local studies and surveys, and its conclusions were compared with their outcomes. The study outlined a set of indicators that showed the growing expression of the national belonging of the Saudi state in the context of an Arab–Islamic civilisation, a moderate view of the West, a balanced vision of reconciling conservatism with a move towards more openness, and a sense of confidence in the state and in the self. The research also found that the low rate of social participation is matched by a full awareness of its importance and a desire to practise it. The study recommended strengthening the gains of young people and developing areas of participation in proportion to the aspirations of those individuals.
A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures
Authors: Kaabipour Sina , Hemmati Shohreh
Published: January 2021

The significance of silver nanostructures has been growing considerably, thanks to their ubiquitous presence in numerous applications, including but not limited to renewable energy, electronics, biosensors, wastewater treatment, medicine, and clinical equipment. The properties of silver nanostructures, such as size, size distribution, and morphology, are strongly dependent on synthesis process conditions such as the process type, equipment type, reagent type, precursor concentration, temperature, process duration, and pH. Physical and chemical methods have been among the most common methods to synthesize silver nanostructures; however, they possess substantial disadvantages and short-comings, especially compared to green synthesis methods. On the contrary, the number of green synthesis techniques has been increasing during the last decade and they have emerged as alternative routes towards facile and effective synthesis of silver nanostructures with different morphologies. In this review, we have initially outlined the most common and popular chemical and physical methodologies and reviewed their advantages and disadvantages. Green synthesis methodologies are then discussed in detail and their advantages over chemical and physical methods have been noted. Recent studies are then reviewed in detail and the effects of essential reaction parameters, such as temperature, pH, precursor, and reagent concentration, on silver nanostructure size and morphology are discussed. Also, green synthesis techniques used for the synthesis of one-dimensional (1D) silver nanostructures have been reviewed, and the potential of alternative green reagents for their synthesis has been discussed. Furthermore, current challenges regarding the green synthesis of 1D silver nanostructures and future direction are outlined. To sum up, we aim to show the real potential of green nanotechnology towards the synthesis of silver nanostructures with various morphologies (especially 1D ones) and the possibility of altering current techniques towards more environmentally friendly, more energy-efficient, less hazardous, simpler, and cheaper procedures.
Sampling and Characterization of the Environmental Fungi in the Provincial Historic Archive of Pinar Del Río, Cuba
Authors: Borrego S , Molina A , Abrante T
Published: January 2021

It has been reported that there is a correlation between indoor airborne fungi and the biodeterioration of valuable documents in archives, libraries and museums, and that these fungi can also cause effects on human health if there are immunological problems or the time of exposure to these environments of low quality is long. The aims of this study were quantifying and characterizing the mycobiota of the indoor air in three repositories of the Provincial Historical Archive of Pinar del Río, Cuba and assessing its impact on the human health. The samplings were made in two different months corresponding to the years 2016 and 2017, one belonging to the rainy season and the other to the season of the little rain using a SAS biocollector and appropriate culture media to isolate fungi. The fungal concentrations and the Indoor/Outdoor (I/O) ratios obtained revealing that the repositories showed good quality environments. In both isolations Cladosporium was the predominant genus followed by Penicillium in the first sampling and Fusarium in the second isolation. The genera Aureobasidium, Sepedonium, Trichaegum and Wallemia were new findings for the Cuban archives. The pathogenic attributes studied showed that 30% of the isolates have spores so small that they can penetrate into the respiratory tract into the alveoli; 10.7% of the taxa obtained in the first isolation and 13.3% of the taxa detected in the second sampling also showed positive results to four virulence tests analyzed “In vitro” (growth at 37°C, hemolytic activity, phospholipase activity and respiratory tract level to which the spores can penetrate). These virulence factors (pathogenic attributes) evidence the risk that environmental fungi represent for the health of personnel in this archive.
Determination of Blood Flow in Superficial Arteries of Human Face using Doppler Ultrasonography in Young Adults
Authors: Iqbal Nedal , Shahid Khubaib , Imtiaz Muhammad , Yasser Faiqua , Ashraf Ayesha , Abdin Muhammad Zain ul
Published: January 2021

Background: Human face is highly vascular region and vascularity to the skin and other organs is an important indicator of health and disease. Change in blood flow is affected by aging, diabetes, high blood triglycerides, cigarette smoking etc. With so many factors that can alter blood flow in the skin, normal blood flow is important to know for comparison to diseased state. Blood flow in superficial arteries of face has not yet been described, therefore this study was designed to establish baseline blood flow values in arteries of face.
Materials and Methods: Blood flow of right and left side was assessed at level of facial and infraorbital artery. Categorical variables were presented in form of frequency and percentages was done by using Mann-Whitney U. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test was used to compare left and right facial and infra orbital arteries.
Results: Peak systolic velocity of right and left facial artery had a significant difference having right side mean of 67.02±12.48 and left side mean as 72.67±11.69. Facial artery diameter of right and left side also had significant difference with mean of 0.14±0.02 and 0.15±0.02 respectively.
Conclusion: No difference was found between vascularity in male & female and left or right side. The study might be useful to establish normal baseline values of various parameters on both sides of face in male and female adults. This study may become important reference for future studies measuring blood flow and even progression of vascular diseases may be assessed by indexes developed on the basis of these studies.
Terahertz Water Masers. II. Further SOFIA/GREAT Detections Toward Circumstellar Outflows, and a Multitransition Analysis*
Authors: Neufeld David A. , Menten Karl M. , Durán Carlos , Güsten Rolf , Kaufman Michael J. , Kraus Alex , Mazumdar Parichay , Melnick Gary J. , Ortiz-León Gisela N. , Wiesemeyer Helmut , Wyrowski Friedrich
Published: January 2021

Following up on our discovery of terahertz water masers, reported in 2017, we report two further detections of water maser emission at frequencies above 1 THz. Using the GREAT instrument on SOFIA, we have detected emission in the 1.296411 THz 827 − 734 transition of water toward two additional oxygen-rich evolved stars, omicron Ceti (Mira) and R Crateris, and obtained an upper limit on the 1.296 THz line emission from U Orionis. Toward these three sources, and toward the red supergiant star VY Canis Majorae from which 1.296 THz line emission was reported previously, we have also observed several lower-frequency (sub)millimeter water maser transitions using the APEX 12 m telescope along with the 22 GHz transition using the Effelsberg 100 m telescope. We have used a simple model to analyze the multitransition data thereby obtained. Adopting, as a prior, independent literature estimates of the mass-loss rates in these four sources and in W Hydrae, we infer water abundances in a remarkably narrow range: n(H2O)/n(H2) = 1.4–2.5 × 10−4. For o Cet, VY CMa, and W Hya, the model is successful in predicting the maser line fluxes to within a typical factor ∼1.6–3. For R Crt and U Ori, the model is less successful, with typical line flux predictions lying an order of magnitude above or below the observations; such discrepancies are perhaps unsurprising given the exponential nature of maser amplification.
Kernel Phase and Coronagraphy with Automatic Differentiation
Authors: Pope Benjamin J. S. , Pueyo Laurent , Xin Yinzi , Tuthill Peter G.
Published: January 2021

The accumulation of aberrations along the optical path in a telescope produces distortions and speckles in the resulting images, limiting the performance of cameras at high angular resolution. It is important to achieve the highest possible sensitivity to faint sources, using both hardware and data analysis software. While analytic methods are efficient, real systems are better modeled numerically, but numerical models of complicated optical systems with many parameters can be hard to understand, optimize, and apply. Automatic differentiation or “backpropagation” software developed for machine-learning applications now makes calculating derivatives with respect to aberrations in arbitrary planes straightforward for any optical system. We apply this powerful new tool to the problem of high-angular-resolution astronomical imaging. Self-calibrating observables such as the “closure phase” or “bispectrum” have been widely used in optical and radio astronomy to mitigate optical aberrations and achieve high-fidelity imagery. Kernel phases are a generalization of closure phases valid in the limit of small phase errors. Using automatic differentiation, we reproduce existing kernel phase theory within this framework and demonstrate an extension to the case of a Lyot coronagraph, which is found to have self-calibrating combinations of speckles. which are resistant to phase noise, but only in the very high-wave-front-quality regime. As an illustrative example, we reanalyze Palomar adaptive optics observations of the binary α Ophiuchi, finding consistency between the new pipeline and the existing standard. We present a new Python package morphine that incorporates these ideas, with an interface similar to the popular package poppy, for optical simulation with automatic differentiation. These methods may be useful for designing improved astronomical optical systems by gradient descent.
On the Connection between Solar Surface Magnetic Flux and the Total Solar Irradiance
Authors: Shukure N. T. , Tessema S. B , Gopalswamy N.
Published: January 2021

Solar surface magnetic flux evolution plays a dominant role in the variability of total solar irradiance (TSI). Different proxies of magnetic activity have been introduced to correlate solar variability and TSI. We present the daily strong flux densities (SFDs) and weak flux densities (WFDs) defined with three magnetic thresholds calculated from the Solar Dynamic Observatory/Helioseismic Magnetic Imager. TSI measurements are from the radiometers of the Variability of Solar Irradiance and Gravity Oscillations experiment on the Solar and Heliosphere Observatory, and sunspot area (SSA) is from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. We characterize the influence of the magnetic flux density variation on the TSI using the Pearson, Spearman, and percentage bend correlations and wavelet analysis between the TSI and the flux density. The Pearson’s correlation shows that the TSI is negatively and strongly correlated with SFD and moderately with SSA; Spearman and 20% bend correlation shows that the TSI is moderately correlated with SFD and weakly with SSA on solar maximum, but weakly correlated on solar minimum. However, the TSI is not correlated with WFD during solar maximum and minimum. The bootstrapping tests also confirm that the influence of SFD on TSI is more significant than that of SSA. Finally, a wavelet analysis supports the idea that the SFD and TSI have a causality linkage and that the SFD dominantly influences the TSI variability on the rotational timescale.
Variation of Dust Properties with Cosmic Time Implied by Radiative Torque Disruption
Authors: Hoang Thiem
Published: January 2021

Dust properties within a galaxy are known to change from the diffuse medium to dense clouds due to increased local gas density. However, the question of whether dust properties change with redshift remains elusive. In this paper, using the fact that the mean radiation intensity of the interstellar medium (ISM) of star-forming galaxies increases with redshift, we show that dust properties should change due to increasing efficiency of rotational disruption by radiative torques, an effect named radiative torque disruption (RATD). We first show that because of RATD, the size distribution of interstellar dust varies with redshift, for instance, dust grains become smaller at higher z. We model the extinction curves and find that the curve becomes steeper with increasing redshift. The ratio of total-to-selective extinction, R

V
, decreases with redshift and achieves low values of R

V
 ∼ 1.5–2.5 for grains having a composite structure. We also find that dust properties change with the local gas density because of RATD, but the change is dominated by the radiation field for the diffuse ISM. The low values of R

V
implied by RATD of interstellar dust could reproduce anomalous dust extinction observed toward supernovae Ia and Small Magellanic Cloud-like extinction curves with a steep far-UV rise toward high-z galaxies. Fluctuations in R

V
due to interstellar turbulence and varying radiation intensity may resolve the tension in measurements of the Hubble constant using supernovae Ia. We finally discuss the implications of evolving dust properties for high-z astrophysics.
Strongly Lensed Supernova Refsdal: Refining Time Delays Based on the Supernova Explosion Models
Authors: Baklanov Petr , Lyskova Natalia , Blinnikov Sergei , Nomoto Ken’ichi
Published: January 2021

We explore the properties of supernova (SN) “Refsdal”—the first discovered gravitationally lensed SN with multiple images. A large magnification provided by the galactic-scale lens, augmented by the cluster lens, gave us a unique opportunity to perform a detailed modeling of a distant SN at

. We present results of radiation hydrodynamics modeling of SN Refsdal. According to our calculations, the SN Refsdal progenitor is likely to be a more massive and energetic version of SN 1987A, i.e., a blue supergiant star with the following parameters: the progenitor radius

, the total mass

, the radioactive 56Ni mass

, and the total energy release

erg. Reconstruction of SN light curves allowed us to obtain time delays and magnifications for the images S2–S4 relative to S1 with higher accuracy than previous template-based estimates of Rodney et al. (2016). The measured time delays are

days,

days, and

days. The obtained magnification ratios are

,

, and

. We estimate the Hubble constant

km s−1 Mpc−1 via rescaling the time delays predicted by different lens models to match the values obtained in this work. With more photometric data on the fifth image SX, we will be able to further refine the time delay and magnification estimates for SX and obtain competitive constraints on H
0.
Determination of inulin in the herbal mixtures by GC-MS method
Authors: Savych Alona , Marchyshyn Svetlana , Kozyr Halyna , Yarema Nadiya
Published: January 2021

The herbal mixtures due to the wide range of biologically active substances can influence on various links of the pathogenetic mechanism of development of diabetes mellitus and its complications. The carbohydrates, especially inulin, deserve the particular attention through their hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anticholesterolemic and detoxifying activities. The aim of the study was to investigate the content of inulin in the herbal mixtures No. 3, No. 4, No. 7, No. 13 and No. 19, which are used in folk medicine for the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2 in Ukraine. The quantity content of inulin was defined by the difference between fructose as a product of enzymatic hydrolysis and fructose, a constituent of sucrose and free fructose, taking into account the empirical factor for the conversion of fructose from inulin. The carbohydrates were separated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after conversion into volatile derivatives as aldononitrile acetate. According to the results, the herbal mixture No. 3 contains 458.97 mg/g of inulin, the herbal mixture No. 4 – 99.21 mg/g, the herbal mixture No. 7 – 139.93 mg/g, the herbal mixture No. 13 – 203.84 mg/g, the herbal mixture No. 19 – 359.65 mg/g. The availability of inulin and its high content in the investigated herbal mixtures due to the presence of inulin-containing medicinal plants, such as Cichorium intubus roots (mixtures No. 3 and No. 13), Taraxacum officinale roots (mixtures No. 3, No. 7 and No. 19), Arctium lappa roots (mixture No. 4), Inula helenium rhizome with roots (mixture No. 7).
Caregivers' Experience at an Integrated Memory Care Clinic
Authors: Kovaleva Mariya A. , Jennings Bonnie Mowinski , Song Mi-Kyung , Clevenger Carolyn K. , Griffiths Patricia C. , Hepburn Kenneth
Published: January 2021

The Integrated Memory Care Clinic is a patient-centered medical home led by advanced practice RNs (APRNs) who provide dementia care and primary care simultaneously and continuously. We explored the experiences of 12 informal caregivers of persons living with dementia during their first year at the Clinic. Data were analyzed via directed content analysis. Caregivers described the Clinic as “the only place you should go to for dementia [care].” Caregivers felt a sense of belonging to the Clinic, valued APRNs' competence and staff's dedication, and round-the-clock telephone access to APRNs. Caregivers also acknowledged that “we're all out here swimming on our own.” They expressed their sense of being overwhelmed and needing more services and medical and non-medical resources, and more prognostic information on dementia. Although the Clinic is beneficial for caregivers, caregiving demands exceed the supply of services and resources at the Clinic. [
Research in Gerontological Nursing, 14
(2), 69–78.]
Impacts of Globalization on English Language Education Across Inner, Outer, and Expanding Countries
Authors: Yu Xiaoli , Altunel Veysel
Published: January 2021

This chapter tackles the critical changes that have occurred in English language education in different countries under the progress of globalization. Adhering to comprehensiveness, the changes in representative countries across different categories are discussed. The division of the categories is based upon Kachru's Three Circle Model, namely the Inner Circle, the Outer Circle, and the Expanding Circle. Within each circle, two representative countries are addressed. Major changes related to the field of English language education in these countries include issues such as educational policy, English curriculum designing, English teaching research, methods and techniques, English educators' and learners' perspectives, and so forth. Throughout the synthesizing and comparing process, the common theme that is used to connect the six countries is globalization; discussions are centered on how the changes are influenced by globalization. The chapter concludes by addressing the future issues each country might face and their further directions in advancing English education.
Intelligent Investment Approaches for Mutual Funds
Authors: Majumdar Dipankar , Bhattacharjee Arup Kumar , Mukherjee Soumen
Published: January 2021

Investment in the right fund at the right time happens to be the key to success in the stock trading business. Therefore, for strategic investment, the selection of the right opportunity has to be executed crucially so as to reap the maximum returns from the market. Predicting the stock market has always been known to be very critical and needs years of experience as it involves lots of interleaving parameters and constraints. Intelligent investment in mutual funds (MF) can be done when various machine learning tools are used to predict future fund value using the past fund value. In this chapter, an elaborate discussion is presented on the different types of mutual funds and how these data can be used in prediction by machine learning in different literature. In this work, the NAV of a total of 17 different mutual funds have been extracted from the website of AMFI, and thereafter, ANFIS is used to forecast the time series of the NAV of the MF. They have been trained using ANFIS and thereafter tested for prediction with satisfactory results.
The Critical Success Factors in Higher Education
Authors: Asunakutlu Tuncer , Kutucuoglu Kemal Yuce
Published: January 2021

This study reviews some of the prominent ranking systems with a view to shed more light on what may constitute a critical success factor in the field of higher education. In the first part, the ranking systems are reviewed and the key principles are explained. A brief description of how institutions use ranking information is also included. In the second part of the study, the subject of internationalization in the context of ranking systems is discussed. The main challenges of competitiveness in higher education and the increasing role of internationalization are expressed. The chapter also describes threats and opportunities for the future of higher education. This section also includes suggestions for higher education administrators. In the third part, the subject of ranking with particular focus on the university-industry collaboration and its effects on the future of higher education are discussed. The role of the industry and the changing mission of the universities in the new era are explained.