bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of new spill response technology through multi-level exercises in the South Baltic Area
Authors: Siewert Marcus , Saathoff Fokke , Fürst Sebastian
Published: December 2021

INTRODUCTION

The use of new methods and gear in oil spill response requires a profound knowledge on the logistics, the handling and the expected results within the response team. This includes responders in the field, on scene commanders and spill response managers likewise. Within the project SBOIL (2016-2019) the airborne application of biodegradable sorbents and subsequent offshore and onshore recovery was introduced in the South Baltic Area. To ensure a successful implementation, a holistic training concept, including three different types of training, was developed and executed.
Oil Spill Response Planning For Amazon Region–A Crude Carrier Study Case
Authors: Brandao Marcus Vinicius Lisboa , Esteves Rodrigo Cochrane
Published: December 2021

It is well-known that an adequate planning process is paramount for a response success in oil spill events. This is especially true for tankers leakages due to its dynamic nature and potential to cause severe environmental harms. Moreover, one of the most challenging planning dimensions for an adequate response is, certainly, the human and material mobilization logistics, which can be strongly limited in remote regions. In South America, one of the most worldwide preserved rainforest areas, the Amazon, which consists of more than 5 million square kilometers and contains a thousand rivers, is also one of the most remote area, with important logistics challenges for almost any human activity.

Despite all these difficulties, however, since 1986 Brazil has been producing an average of 35.000 bpd of oil at Urucu Field, located close to the city of Coari, around 400 miles from the province capital, Manaus. Once produced, this oil is pumped through a pipeline until a terminal at Solimões river, where is loaded in tankers destined to Manaus. Although contingency facilities exist in these two cities, there is no support installation in any point over the 342 nautical miles of the journey.

Therefore, this study aimed at identifying the major operational risks of this naval transport and at analyzing some specific contingency planning aspects. Initially, a total of 12 safety critical areas were identified during a field inspection trip along Solimões and Amazon rivers. For each point, a qualitative risk analysis was developed, using tropical environmental sensitivities indexes and an empirical oil slick forecast modelling, as well as an oil weathering modelling using the ADIOS2 computational package. Finally, a verification checklist with a scorecard system was developed and applied, in order to assess the oil spill response feasibility and rank the critical spots over the rivers courses.

For all the points evaluated, around 30% of all accidental hypothesis were associated with a catastrophic risk, with most being identified as potentially causing a severe environmental impact. Besides, all the estimated response times calculated were insufficient to avoid oiling of the riverbanks. Finally, due also to strong currents and other limiting environmental conditions, all critical point displayed low scores for the response feasibility evaluation, with poor logistics being a key parameter. From these results, navigational safety recommendations and oil spill response planning guidelines were developed in order to minimize an accident occurrence probability and, hence, the risk associated with it.
New Risk-Based Framework for Oil Spill Response Planning Requirements – Ports and Oil Terminals – A Brazilian Study Case
Authors: Esteves Rodrigo Cochrane , Pereira Anna Carolina , Possobon Rodrigo Zapelini , Xavier Gustavo
Published: December 2021

In 2000, Brazil experienced its most relevant oil spill accident until today: 1.3 thousand cubic meters (c.m.) of crude oil were leaked from a pipeline to the waters of Guanabara Bay, in Rio de Janeiro. Therefore, in 2001 the Government implemented a federal legislation requiring oil spill response plans (OSRP) which was strongly inspired in the United States requirement for ports and terminals. In 2016, an interdisciplinary task force was initiated to improve this legislation. Thus, a new risk-based framework was developed in order to better engage some of the environmental and social-economical complexities of Brazil as adequate inputs for the oil spill response planning process. This methodology was expanded from the guidelines published by International Association of Oil & Gas Producers (IOGP).

First, the concept of sensitive receptors were introduced to describe any valuable element that can be harmed by the spill. These were selected from environmental sensitivities, protection areas, wildlife occurrence, human occupation, tourism and fisheries, among others. These criticalities were categorized in five classes using an oil slick forecast modelling results for different spill volumes such as the minimum time to reach these receptors and oiling probability. After this, they were associated with certain spill volumes, resulting in three possible requirement levels. Consequently, the minimum response capability demand for the facility is calculated, as well as tactical and logistics plans. This new approach not only optimizes the allocation of first response equipment at the highest risk spots, but also regulates the sharing of these capabilities when there is a concentration of these facilities.

In this paper, this methodology was applied to a major oil terminal located in a high sensitivity area at Ilha Grande Bay, in Rio de Janeiro. The worst-case scenario was around 6.923 c.m., which allowed the identification of 116 vulnerable receptors. Of these, 02 were identified as having high criticality and, therefore, were prioritized for response planning. The minimum nominal response capability was estimated as being equal to 4.760 m3/day for full deployment condition after the initial 60 hours. This value is about 25% higher than that predicted in facility's existing OSRP. However, with the application of resource sharing rules, the amount of equipment staged on site is equal to only 1298 m3/d, allowing a significant optimization due to logistics processes after the initial 24h.
OILMAP and ArcGIS provide qualitative validation of USCG Sector Geographic Response Strategies
Authors: Arendt Sydney , Persun Michael , Bergondo Deanna , McGrath Gabrielle
Published: December 2021

With the promulgation of the Coast Guard's requirement for Geographic Response Strategies (GRS) Tiered Validation levels, oil spill modeling transitioned from being a reactive tool to a predictive instrument that can guide the placement of limited mission critical resources (boom, boats, personnel, skimmers, etc.) based on threats from current or forecasted operations. In collaboration with the RPS Group, the Coast Guard's Sector Delaware Bay and District Five, members of the Coast Guard Academy employed the OILMAP Oil Spill Modelling Program with ArcGIS to test and validate operational Area Contingency Plan's (ACP) Geographic Response Strategies (GRS). OILMAP is a rapid and effective modelling system that allows for accurate observation of oil movement and weathering. The scenarios were manipulated to effectively test the booming strategies currently in place and worst-case winds at 5 and 10 knots were utilized. The project also identified discrepancies with projected strategies due to changes in the environment. In subsequent studies, the OILMAP output layers of shoreline oiling and oil particle location were combined with the publicly available Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) shoreline data to quantify the impact of booming strategies. The success observed in both the qualitative and quantitative analysis show great promise in the future of establishing a methodology to optimize booming strategies based on data-driven scenarios tailored to each unique spill, season and weather condition.
Moving the dial through collaboration – The Global Response Network
Authors: Jørgensen Kåre-L.
Published: December 2021

For many years there have been lots of Oil Spill Response Organizations (OSROs) worldwide. Their organization, concept of operations and skills have to a large extend been tailored to their specific areas of operations, members demand and the OSROs own practice and experience. Collaboration between OSROs has been somewhat limited.

During the last decade, the post-Macondo follow up has showed – and strengthened – the necessity of tiered preparedness, hence the importance of collaboration between different oil spill response organizations has raised to another level. One arena which has evolved tremendously during the last decade, has been the Global Response Network – GRN. The dial can surely be said to have moved considerably towards closer collaboration.

The Global Response Network (GRN) exists to share information, improve spill response performance and provide centers of expertise in spill preparedness, response and recovery techniques. It is a forum for oil spill response organizations to improve their individual performance and effectiveness by: fostering strong collaborative relationships between Members;establishing functional teams to exchange operating information, response techniques and share good practice; andassisting oil companies and other stakeholders to enhance industry standards for spill response.

The GRN will operate under an Executive Committee (EC) framework which purpose is to determine the broad strategic direction of the GRN.

The EC is also reviewing and assessing the work of the functional teams operating under the EC, known as the Operational Teams (OTs).

During the last decade, the OTs have developed into a global, functional group of experts working across nations and boundaries. The OT's represents the operational expertise within the OSROs and have become the bodies to operationalize and implement the Good Practice Guidelines developed through IPIECA post-Macondo. Having this body – or structure – of experts to support the industry (and IPIECA) has proven important.

This presentation will describe how the last decade has made improvements in collaboration between OSROs and different agencies – both regulators, companies, agencies, the public and responder – to make oil spill response more efficient, standardized and created a better understanding of the importance of having a good, well-functioned oil spill response.
Oil spill trajectory prediction assessment using multi model ocean currents - case study of MT Dawn Oil spill 2017
Authors: Prasad SJ , Balakrishnan Nair TM , Vijayalakshmi T
Published: December 2021

Abstract 684276

An assessment was carried out to judge the performance of the modeled ocean currents in oil spill trajectory prediction. Ocean circulation is the key factor in determining the drift pattern of the spilled marine oil pollutant. General National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Operational Modeling Environment (GNOME), an oil spill trajectory model, in diagnostic mode was set for simulating drift pattern of Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO). On 28 January 2017, 0345 hrs, Indian Standard Time (IST), approximately 196.4 MT of HFO was spilled due to vessel collision. The oil spill model was set and run during 28-Jan-2017 to 05-Feb-2017 with 196 tons of HFO. Wind velocity fields were obtained from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The modeled ocean currents were obtained from High resolution Operational Ocean Forecasting and reanalysis System (HOOFS) with two model set ups such as Indian ocean (IO) and Bay Of Bengal (BOB). Ocean current pattern were also obtained from Hybrid Co-ordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) and Global Ocean Data Assimilation System (GODAS) based Modular Ocean Model (GM4P1). The oil drift patterns were simulated individually for the spillage due to MT Dawn vessel, by forcing GNOME with the above said wind and ocean currents. Radar data obtained for 29-Jan-2017, from Sentinel -1A was processed for detecting oil slicks. The respective drift patterns obtained were compared individually with the oil slick signatures of Sentinel -1A on 29-Jan-2017. It was found that the drift pattern obtained while using the ocean currents of HOOFS_BOB was in better agreement with that of the observed slicks. Unlike other oil drift patterns, offshore spread of the slicks are well captured while using the ocean currents of HOOFS_BOB. This paper illustrates the method of oil spill trajectory prediction using various ocean currents and validating the simulated drift with the ground truth. It also emphasize the need of using various modeled ocean currents in assessing the performance of oil spill trajectory model.
Kazakhstan experience in adopting NEBA within its legal framework
Authors: Amanzholova Dinara , Taylor Peter M. , Sadvokassova Aliya , Dospayeva Gulnara
Published: December 2021

Kazakhstan's legal framework concerning oil spill issues has been reviewed and updated during 2015–2019, driven by the adoption of good international practice. Ensuring the full response toolkit is available and options are chosen to mitigate the overall impact of an incident were critical principles. The Oil Spill Preparedness Regional Initiative (OSPRI), in conjunction with national industry (North Caspian Operating Company - NCOC and KazMunaiGaz - KMG), shared the net Environmental Benefit Analysis (NEBA) approach and later the Spill Impact Mitigation Assessment (SIMA) with key agencies and authorities as part of this effort.

As the first step, workshops and seminars on NEBA were organized at local and national levels. These were facilitated by international experts and national consultants to build awareness and understanding.

The second step was to embed NEBA within the legal framework. The legal system has a strong hierarchy including Codes, Laws and Orders. The National Contingency Plan (2015), approved by Order, acknowledged NEBA and gave impetus to develop additional legislation on the NEBA process. To ensure proper legal force, it was suggested to embed NEBA higher up the hierarchy, in the Subsoil Use Code (2017).

Practical implementation of NEBA (during simulation exercises) and review by authorities of a draft NEBA report prepared by NCOC, revealed that the process required further clarification. It was not clear how NEBA should be presented in contingency plans, for authorities' review and approval i.e. whether it should be a separate report or incorporated within the plan. It was mooted that proposed amendments to the Environmental Code would aid clarification.

In order to support a coherent process of contingency plans' approval, NEBA should be supported by a suitable and recognized implementation methodology. The SIMA methodology has been proposed as an option in Kazakhstan. Work on the Environmental Code's amendments, incorporating suitable clarifications, is expected to be completed in 2020.

Based on the experience of NEBA adoption in Kazakhstan, cooperation between industry and authorities, exercises and workshops leads to positive results. The process has taken some years, as capacity building and legislative developments were required, but is reaching a successful conclusion. This will inform the choice of response options for any future incidents, to achieve least overall ecological and socio-economic impacts.
Good Practices for In-situ Burning of Marshes Based on Two Decades of Responses in Louisiana
Authors: Michel Jacqueline , Zengel Scott
Published: December 2021

Spills that result in oiled marshes provide unique challenges for responders because intensive removal methods can cause additional harm and slow overall recovery of the habitat. These issues are of particular concern for spills that affect the marsh interior, where access is limited, often resulting in extensive damage from foot and vessel traffic. In Louisiana, extensive marshes are crossed by numerous pipelines and oil wells, and spills can result in heavy oiling of interior habitats in remote locations. Thus, in-situ burning (ISB) is often considered as the best response option. Monitoring of in-situ burns in marshes has provided the scientific basis for evaluating the conditions under which a burn can speed recovery. The lessons learned from multiple burns in Louisiana over the period 2000–2019 include: the burned area can be much greater than oiled area, so the potential for a larger burn should be explicitly considered and planned for; a water layer over the marsh soil is preferred but not required under all conditions; water-saturated soils are required; ISB can be used weeks post-spill to remove oil, but it will not prevent vegetation mortality from oil exposure prior to the burn; oil that penetrates into the substrates or is released below the marsh surface may persist after burning; select ISB as an option early, to prevent damage from foot traffic, etc.; vegetative recovery usually occurs within 1–2 growing seasons; burning can result in a change in dominant plant species; and ISB is very appropriate for small spills in the marsh interior where access for manual removal can cause extensive damage.
Review of the Science behind Oil Spill Fate Models: Are Updates Needed?
Authors: Zhao Lin , Nedwed Timothy , Mitchell Douglas
Published: December 2021

Oil spill models play an important role in the oil spill response decision making and contingency planning processes. The current generation of spill models mostly use Lagrangian based particle tracking random walk methods for oil transport processes combined with individual algorithms for oil fate processes (Spaulding, 2017). The fate of near surface oil movement is modeled using algorithms describing oil spreading, evaporation, emulsification, entrainment, dissolution, and biodegradation. These fate processes are applied to oil in the Lagrangian particle tracking elements to alter the physical and chemical properties of the oil, and subsequently the oil behavior.

In this paper, we review the major algorithms used in oil spill models and identify the science and physics underpinning them. For each, we evaluated how far the science has advanced since the algorithms were developed to identify those that could be upgraded based on current understanding. We also identified algorithms where future research is needed because the physical and chemical behaviors are not fully understood. These areas include the spreading behavior of surface slicks, surface-slick emulsification, and the physical transport of small oil droplets near the air-water interface.
Cost Anatomy of A Vessel Spill Response
Authors: McLellan William A.
Published: December 2021

The focus of this paper is to highlight cost issues that have arisen during actual spill responses in the United States including issues related to a Responsible Party's (RP) named Spill Management Team (SMT), its named Oil Spill Response Organization (OSRO), the USCG, the National Pollution Fund Center (NPFC), and state/local government agencies. In addition, there will be a brief discussion related to third party claim costs and management. The author's sincere hope is that this paper will generate meaningful discussion concerning the issues raised that, in turn, will lead to reasoned changes resulting in lower, and more palatable response costs.

The purpose of this paper is to highlight issues, not to criticize or embarrass individuals or entities. Accordingly, no company or individuals will be identified.

This paper is not all inclusive and does not include costs related to Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA), fines, or legal fees. In addition, while recognizing that entities other than vessels are covered under OPA 90, this paper, as noted in the title, concerns only spills from vessels. All opinions expressed in this paper are solely those of the author.
Evolving NOAA SCAT Data Management Standard
Authors: Nixon Zachary , Childs Carl , Tarpley John , Shorr Ben
Published: December 2021

To address the growing detail, complexity, and volume of data collected and developed during oil spill response, and facilitate data sharing and conversion between data collection and storage and management systems across diverse parties to a response, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Response and Restoration (ORR) has developed and published a data management standard for observational Shoreline Cleanup Assessment Technique (SCAT). The standard was cooperatively developed by NOAA and others in the response community over the past three years through a series of workshops and meetings. The standard is agnostic about physical spill environment, data collection methods, algorithms, software and computing environment, and requires only the most basic structured data to preserve the maximum flexibility for spill specific conditions and the unanticipated needs of future data collection. NOAA is also in the process of expanding the role of the DIVER (Data Integration Visualization Exploration and Reporting) centralized data warehouse and query tools used to house, query and visualize analytical results, field observations, photos and other information. As part of this effort, DIVER is being expanded to ingest and store SCAT data compliant with the standard using a SCAT data management standard. We anticipate that the use of the standard will be mandated as part of data sharing agreements put in place for future incidents for spills involving NOAA or other federal agencies. As such, we seek to widely disseminate information about the standard to the spill response community. Here, we discuss the components of the standard in detail, and provide information on available documentation, example data, file interchange formats, and methods to provide feedback to NOAA.
State-of-the Science of Dispersants and Dispersed Oil in Arctic Waters
Authors: Kinner Nancy , Helton Doug , Shigenaka Gary
Published: December 2021

Chemical dispersants were employed on an unprecedented scale during the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, and could be a response option should a large spill occur in Arctic waters. The use of dispersants in response to the DWH spill raised concerns regarding the need for chemical dispersants, the fate of the oil and dispersants, and their potential impacts on human health and the environment. Concerns remain that would be more evident in the Arctic, where the remoteness and harsh environmental conditions would make a response to any oil spill very difficult. An outcome of a 2013 Arctic oil spill exercise for senior federal agency leadership identified the need for an evaluation of the state-of-the-science of dispersants and dispersed oil (DDO), and a clear delineation of the associated uncertainties that remain, particularly as they apply to Arctic waters. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), in partnership with the Coastal Response Research Center (CRRC), embarked on a project to seek expert review and evaluation of the state-of-the-science and the uncertainties involving DDO. The objectives of the project were to: identify the primary research/reference documents on DDO, determine what is known about the state-of-the-science regarding DDO, and determine what uncertainties, knowledge gaps or inconsistencies remain 689559 regarding DDO science. The project focused on five areas and how they might be affected by Arctic conditions: dispersant efficacy and effectiveness, physical transport and chemical behavior, degradation and fate, eco-toxicity and sub-lethal impacts, and public health and food safety. The Louisiana University Marine Consortium (LUMCON) dispersants database was used as a source of relevant literature generated prior to June 2008. The CRRC created a database that compiled relevant research thereafter. The six to ten experts on each of the panel were from academia, industry, NGOs, governmental agencies and consulting. Despite the fact that their scientific perspectives were diverse, the panelists were able to generate hundreds of statements of knowns and uncertainties about which all of the members agreed. This required detailed discussion of 1000s scientific papers. While the cutoff date for literature considered was December 31, 2015, the vast majority of the findings are still relevant and most of the uncertainties remain. As the ice in the Arctic diminishes and maritime development and activity increase, these five documents can inform discussions of the potential use of dispersants as a spill response option in both ice-free and ice infested Arctic waters.
Inclusive Higher Education in Russia (by the Example of the Volga Federal District)
Authors: Krasnopevtseva Tatyana F. , Vinokurova Irina V. , Paputkova Galina A. , Filchenkova Irina F. , Smirnova Zhanna V.
Published: December 2021

The article covers the possibility of establishing resource centers in higher education institutions for teaching people with disabilities and health limitations. The implementation of the project «Monitoring, research and information support of activities provided by the regional resource centers of higher education for people with disabilities" is considered. The university has developed a model of information-analytical guidance to educate people with disabilities with the help of regional resource centers of higher education for people with health limitations. A number of measures for establishing educational activities at the university are presented. The main effect of the organized events by the resource training and methodological center is considered. It is the involvement of all participants of the process at all its levels in the problem of inclusive higher education. Priority activity areas of the resource training and methodological center of Minin University are highlighted. The results of the inclusive higher education on the base of Minin University were summed up.
Themes of Chronicle Drama
Authors: Kadhim Thamer Mohammad , Ali Safaa Kareem
Published: December 2021

Chronicle drama occupies a central position in modern literature which represents a field for interaction of ideas and actions, as it works as storage for historical and human experience. It records a sequence for the history. This study aims to examine the main themes of chronicle drama. Thus, it tracks the history of modern literature as a wide source for this literary genre. The study adopts a historical and analytical methodology in order to clarify the broader dimensions related to chronicle drama and its sources. Historically, chronicle drama was used to dramatize the facts and work as an expression of factory life of kings. That’s why King John of Shakespeare in 1553 was the first one of this genre. The study concludes that chronicle drama mirrored surrounding circumstances of the facts since its early times. So, it was effected by the historical conditions. This is clearly appeared in the early works like Henry the Fifths, Tragedy of Richard III The life and Death of Jaike Strew and so, the previously mentioned "The King John". So it was affected politically and socially by the European historical context. The research also indicates that the Elizabethan Dramatists put the basics of the later stage of literature development especially on the level of techniques. This appears in Shakespeare’s works who used to end the drama with restoration and disordering which still exists in postmodern literature.
A Boy's Spiritual Journey: The Cultural and Religious Conflict between Family Relationships and the Conventionalism of Tibetan Buddhism in Sarah Ruhl's The Oldest Boy (2014)
Authors: Mousa Ahmed Hasan , Mutlag Abdulkadhim Hashim
Published: December 2021

This research paper is mainly concerns with the analyzing of Sarah Ruhl's play The Oldest Boy (2014), critically via considering the clashes of culture, and religion with family ideologies. By Adherents T.S. Eliot’s approach in his Notes towards the Definition of Culture, the paper is devoted to looking at and embodying the cultural and religious rift occurring in Ruhl’s The Oldest Boy. And to stand on the fact of the impact of the cultural and religious conflict on the family relations by passing throughout the main event of the play as to attract a Christian-born child who is only three years’ old to convert to Buddhism, and to be a Tibetan Buddhism Lama. The case is hectic for an American mother with no information on, or faith in, Buddhism. The paper proceeds with the hypothesis that the genuine clash is inner and it lies in the Mother's battle to give up her child or not in the middle of the spontaneous flood of cultural, religious and emotional clashes. The paper concludes that religion is what shapes the culture of countries.
Teaching Struggling Readers of English as a Second Language in the Malaysian Classroom
Authors: Kamal Siti Soraya Lin Abdullah
Published: December 2021

Teacher plays an important role in students’ reading growth through the implementation of various suitable instructional strategies in the classroom. This study contributes to the existing literature pertaining to the way the teacher worked with the students who were identified as struggling readers of English as a second language (henceforth ESL). This is a qualitative study involving one primary teacher as a research participant. Data was obtained from classroom observations, interviews and documents collection. Inductive analysis was carried out and the process incorporating a co-construction of meaning between the participant responses and the researcher’s own understanding. Two main themes emerged in the study namely “involvement” and “challenges”. In this paper, one of the themes namely “involvement” that incorporates “classroom environment” and “instructional methods” will be discussed. The findings of this study suggest that the Ministry of Education (henceforth MOE) can look into how support can be given to the teachers to assist them to have more effective teaching strategies in the ESL classroom.
Parental Involvement and Reading-Related Activities of Struggling Readers of English as a Second Language
Authors: Kamal Siti Soraya Lin Abdullah , Hashim Nor Hashimah
Published: December 2021

The focus of the study is to explore the way the parents took part in their children’s English as a second language (henceforth ESL) learning at home. This qualitative study utilised interviews to garner information from seven participating parents of struggling readers of English as a second language in a Malaysian primary classroom. This paper intends to report the findings from the research question, namely: “How do the participating parents work with their children at home?” Two major themes emerged from the data: involvement; and challenges. In this paper, the partial results of one of the main themes discovered, that is involvement will be presented. This paper highlights reading-related activities that were carried out by the parents at home with their children. It is hoped from this study that educators could exploit the home reading activities of the struggling readers to inform teaching practices to effectively support those students in the ESL classroom.
Historical Literacy and Alternating Questions in the Novel (The Blood of Al-Hussein)
Authors: Hasan Dr. Mohammed Flayyih , Ghazi Dr. Fawziya Laywis
Published: December 2021

Ibrahim Issa's novel (The Blood of Hussein) employs the historical incident in the service of the narrative theme of the narrative text itself, and despite the dominance of the historical text on most of the pages of the novel, it remains within the narrative rather than the historical framework. For the clarity of the creator's goal of evoking this historical incident without others. This study, marked by (historical education and different questions in the novel (The Blood of Hussein)) aims to explain the interpretive reading and the questions that are silent in the places of historical narration and how to use them in building the plot of the novel, so the research was carried out on several axes that dealt with the history of the novel, and the mechanisms of producing the narrative meaning from the historical document As well as the psychological-ideological conflicts and the imagined pattern in which the main theme of the novel was manifested in spite of its small written space. The study found results, the most important of which are: the prevalence of psychological and ideological conflict over the main characters of the novel, the determination of the narrative type to naturalize this novel, as well as the narrator’s attempt not to surrender to the historical incident as it is, but on the contrary, he proceeds to discuss and refute it at many times.
The Influence of the Gap between Educational Goals and the Content of Social Materials on Promoting National Values and Awareness among Primary School Students
Authors: Obaid Dr. Ridha Tuama , Ghali Watheq Jaddoa
Published: December 2021

The present study aims to identify the influence of the gap between educational goals and the content of social material books for the primary stage on national awareness. To achieve the objectives, the descriptive approach is adopted. After collecting the research data, classifying them, and treating them using the statistical program (spss), the present study found: 1) The content of social subjects does not cover the practical aspects of the educational objectives in the expected or appropriate manner for contemporary educational philosophy. 2) Promotion of national awareness and values and their desired dimensions of teaching these subjects is weak. Accordingly, the two researchers recommend that it is necessary to really include and represent general educational goals in the content of social books.
Arabic Learning Orientation in Ma'had and Islamic Boarding Schools, and its Relevance to the Need for Human Resources with Language Skills in the Globalization Era
Authors: Ritonga Mahyudin , Widodo Hendro , Lahmi Ahmad , Budiarti Meliza , Annova Fauzana , dah Zubai
Published: December 2021

The problem and the aim of the study: The demand for human resources with language skills in the globalization era is very high. This is because many companies require active and passive language skills as the main criteria for workforce recruitment. In Indonesia, Arabic teaching institutions are categorized into two forms, namely those that teach with communication skills orientation (ma'had) and those with an orientation to understand the concept as an Islamic knowledge source (Islamic boarding schools). This difference causes varied output skills of each institution. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze which output is more relevant to the skills needed in this globalization era. Methods: This study was designed with a quantitative approach. The data source was ma'had and Islamic boarding school graduates who continued their studies at the Islamic Faculty of West Sumatra, Muhammadiyah University with a total of 43 students. Furthermore, data were obtained through tests that included four language skills, and then analyzed using ME as well as T test. Results: It was found that ma'had and Islamic boarding school graduates have advantage in language skill. This is based on data which showed that they have advantage in speaking, but weak in reading and writing. Meanwhile, the Islamic boarding school graduates have advantage in reading and writing, but the listening skills of graduates from both institutions are balanced. Conclusion: Language skills in listening and communication aspects are essential as interpreters, tour guides, consultants and other opportunities. Meanwhile, human resources with writing skills are needed in the field of manuscript translation and text analysis. Therefore, both graduates have the same opportunity in the globalization era but with different contents.
Generating Leaders for Curriculum Management in Times of Pandemic
Authors: Fernández-Collazos Luisa , Núñez-Lira Luis Alberto , Morales José Néstor Sánchez , Rivera-Zamudio July
Published: December 2021

Curricular changes and their implementation in educational institutions represent a great responsibility for educational managers, where their leadership must ensure educational achievements in the processes. This situation poses a great challenge that requires preparation, permanent updating sessions and working days for teacher empowerment. The objective of this research is to establish the effect of the training intervention program for curriculum management in public preschool institutions. We undertook an applied research and the design was experimental. We developed three non-face-to-face processes or treatments for a one year period. Observation cards with rubrics were used, validated by experts and with a very high level of reliability. The study population consisted of principals of public educational institutions who belonged to the Local Educational Management Unit 07-Lima Metropolitan, Peru. The results showed progressive and positive effects in each curriculum management treatment, strengthening the principals’ competencies regarding planning, assessment, pedagogical accompaniment and learning communities.
Customer Co-creation: An Insight on its Influence on Customer Loyalty in the Cosmetic Industry
Authors: Menon Rethy B. , Hamsavardhini K.S.
Published: December 2021

This article deals with the impact on customer loyalty through the implementation of customer co-creation campaigns in the beauty industry, also referred to as the cosmetic industry; while additionally featuring central points that add to the ability and willingness of a customer to partake in these co-creation campaigns. Co-creation refers to the practice deviced by organizations to team up with their stakeholders during the planning, advancing, and implementing stages of their products and services. “It replaces the hierarchical approach to management and the linear approach to innovation, affording all stakeholders the possibility to influence and bring forth meaningful and relevant solutions in a collaborative environment” (Kirah, A 2009). An exploratory survey was conducted to collect data from 229 respondents, through questionnaires. All the respondents were users of cosmetic products, irrespective of gender; living in the cities of Bangalore and Mysore. Mean, Standard Deviation, Correlation and Factor Analysis were used to analyse the acquired data, and study the outcomes. The findings of the study suggest that the customer co-creation campaigns have a favorable impact on customer loyalty, ultimately resulting in higher customer retention rates. The study also confirms various factors contributing to a customer’s participation in the co-creation campaign.
A Study on HPWS and Employee Performance with the Employees of IT Sector
Authors: Menon Rethy B , Krishnan Mahesh
Published: December 2021

This article deals with effect over the performance of the employees using the High Performance Work System implementation and it’s elements in the IT sector. High Performance Work System (HPWS) is a practice in the Human Resource Management which focuses on developing and enhancing selective hiring, ensuring employee security enforcing localised decision-making promising compensation based on high results, providing employees training by their dedication, reducing ranking bias in remuneration and ensuring passing of statistics. Data where obtained from 150 respondents where all are employees working in TCS and INFOSYS. Correlation and T-Test was done to derive the results. Findings of the study revealed that HPWS practises are positively linked with employee performance. Limitations and observations of this study are also discussed accordingly.
Evaluating the Curriculum of Teaching Methods of Basic Education Colleges from the Points of View of the Teachers
Authors: Muttar Sadoon Salih , Al-Arnoosy Dr. Dihya Uweed Harbi
Published: December 2021

The present study tries to evaluate the content of the curriculum of general teaching methods of Basic education college so as to identify the strong and weak points, and to make some remedies of the weak points. Questionnaire is used to gather information of the study. The main areas of questionnaire are: Content, Aim, method and Testing. The sample of the study consists of 25 teachers. The study results indicated that there are some defects in designing the contents and aim of the curriculum of general teaching method. The study has ended up with a number conclusions and recommendations based on its results.
The Training Strongly Rhythm of the Race and the Law of Ability and its Effect on some Special Physical Abilities and Biochemical Variables, and the Achievement of 800 and 1500-Meter Runs for Youth
Authors: Hassoun Essam Kazem , Al-Sheikhly Yusra Majeed
Published: December 2021

That Contest Ran 800 Meter and 1500 meters of competitions that are characterized by the special speed of the time in the implementation of the stages according to the world Records. This means emphasizing development strength and speed physical abilities and endurance and the speed of competition (Rhythm Competition) through special trainings and this must be the seeker. Use way new related the possibility of identifying new training intensity especially for contestants who run two similar competitions, such as 800 m and 1500 m, according For speed of competition to them, Which is the speed of the median distance that mediates the two comparable competitions, according to scientific planning thought for impact in develop some special physical abilities and complete these two competitions, as the researcher believe that this method didn't use currently and previously in exercises these two competitions. As well as follow-up Results analysis the most ancient times of each contest in a field and my job. This may lead In a direct to improve performance and achievement paramount we building philosophy training special signed manifesto in development racer abilities based on results the rate of competition for each contestant during the race, which is called (race speed or racing rhythm) as strategy to get a good position among the contestants, apply the search to a sample of the Talent Center Sports Centre in Baghdad, and the researcher conducted special speed tests and carry the speed and withstand the speed of the competition and achievement. The special exercises were applied to the sample of the research for 10 weeks and at the rate of 3 units per week, and the researcher produced several important conclusions, including an effective development in the ability to withstand speed and withstand the speed of the race and the development of partial times for each contest as well as the development of achievement.
Application of Mathematical Problem Solving Sheets in Polya's Learning Strategy in Social Arithmetic Material
Authors: Rosiyanti Hastri , Ratnaningsih Dyah Ayu , Bahar Herwina , wan Is , sal Fai
Published: December 2021

This research is motivated by the students 'mathematical problem solving ability is still low, because mathematics learning in the classroom is not built to hone problem solving skills and the student worksheets used do not help students in honing students' mathematical problem solving skills, so the writer applies Polya's learning strategy with the help of problem solving sheet on social arithmetic material. This study aims to describe the steps of implementing Polya's learning strategy with the help of problem solving sheets in solving mathematical problems in social arithmetic material and to test mathematical problem solving skills by applying Polya's learning strategies with the help of problem solving sheets is it better than not implementing learning strategies Polya. This research was conducted using a quasi experimental method, with a population of all students of class VII Junior High School 3 Cisauk, Indonesia. The sample was selected using purposive sampling technique, namely students of class VII-6 and grade VII-7. Collecting data on students' mathematical problem-solving abilities using the final test (posttest). The results showed that Polya's learning strategy with the help of problem solving sheets on social arithmetic material was implemented properly and in accordance with Polya's steps. Based on the statistical test, it shows that the mathematical problem solving ability of students whose learning applies Polya's learning strategy with the help of problem-solving sheets is better than students whose learning does not apply Polya's learning strategy on class VII social arithmetic material at SMP Negeri 3 Cisauk, Indonesia.
The Role of Prophet Muhammad s.a.w in Educating Children and its Applications to Prevent Gadget Addiction among Children
Authors: Khairuldin Wan Mohd Khairul Firdaus Wan , Nor Anas Wan Nur Izzati Wan , Mohamad Mohamad Zaidin , Embong Abdul Hanis , Mokhtar Wan Khairul Aiman Wan
Published: December 2021

Nowadays, technological advances are expanding rapidly around the world, including Malaysia. Technology has a lot of positive impacts on the survival of everyday society, such as meeting human needs and wants. One of the technologies that are gaining the community's attention, including children today, is gadgets. However, using these gadgets sometimes causes people to become addicted to using them if not controlled. This situation also affects children because children also include those who are easily addicted to using gadgets. Although gadgets provide benefits, when their use is excessive and uncontrolled, this will have a detrimental effect on health and morale. Therefore, there are two main objectives of this article written. First, to explain the disadvantages of gadget addiction in children, the second objective is to analyze the role of Prophet Muhammad s.a.w in educating children and its application to prevent gadget addiction. To fulfil the objectives, the documentation method is carried out. The data were collected and analyzed based on content analysis to apply the Prophet Muhammad s.a.w method in educating children to overcome gadget addiction among children. The study found three main ways of the Prophet Muhammad s.a.w in educating children imitated by parents in overcoming children's addictions such as parents being role models to children, communicating with the child and choosing friends.
Instructional-based Gamification in Improving Knowledge in Early Childhood
Authors: Riska Nur , Handini Myrnawati Crie , Asmawi Moch. , in Jarud
Published: December 2021

This research aims to produce instructional-based gamification, which effectively improves healthy and clean-living knowledge during early childhood, in Kindergarten Group B Banten Province. A population of 60 students (4-5 years of age) were selected as participants in the study, and all were enrolled in four different kindergartens in Banten province. A purposive sampling technique was used for sample selection, as data collection before and after interventions were carried out using pre and post-test instruments. After the validation process, and field tests were carried out to determine the effectiveness of the products, with the results showing that instructional-based gaming applications were effective in improving healthy and clean-living knowledge. The game topics observed included personal & environmental hygiene, sports, as well as healthy food and drink. Students considered using instructional-based gaming as motivation to learn, in order to develop healthy and clean-living behaviors, which were proposed in the cloud platform of their respective schools. This game also encouraged students' active and dynamic learning, due to the fact that it helped with various interesting activities, therefore, increasing daily healthy and clean-living behaviors. The implication of this study is that students should be diligent in maintaining cleanliness, loving exercise, and always selecting healthy food to consume. The novelty of this study is that games are observed as an early childhood team, which are responsible for improving the knowledge of clean-living and healthy behaviors.