bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REGULASI INVESTASI PASAR MODAL SYARIAH DI INDONESIA
Authors: Sholeh Habib Iman Nurdin
Published: September 2021

This article explains about Islamic investment and capital markets in a juridical-normative perspective. Investment and capital markets are part of muamalah activities, so all activities must have a legal basis to be used as guidelines in its implementation. Investment and capital market activities, with all types, types and contracts in it are one derivative of the framework of muamalah activities in the field of Islamic economics. Juridical-normative perspectives on investment activities and Islamic capital markets, rarely found in academic literature, therefore it is important to examine the extent to which Islamic principles are adopted into positive law to serve as a legal umbrella in investment business activities. In this article, the method used by the author is a normative juridical method, which uses a problem approach with the intent and purpose of studying and reviewing applicable laws and competent regulations to be used as a basis for discussion of existing problems. Sharia norms and principles regarding investment and capital markets that can be guided have been codified in various Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional (DSN-MUI). Until now, DSN-MUI has issued at least 19 (nineteen) fatwas relating to investment activities and Islamic capital markets. However, in the life of the state also needs a legal umbrella so that investment activities and capital markets have the power of law, legal certainty, and justice. The legislation and regulations that have been legalized by relevant state institutions that have legal standing are 2 (two) pieces of Law and 9 (nine) Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) Regulations. Keywords: Investasi, Pasar Modal, Regulasi.
PRINSIP-PRINSIP EKONOMI ISLAM DALAM INVESTASI SYARIAH
Authors: Inayah Ina Nur
Published: September 2021

Salah satu karunia Allah kepada manusia sebagai bekal hidup adalah harta . Islam tidak melarang penggunaan harta secara konsumtif  namun tetap harus mengupayakan sisi produktifitas. Salah satu upaya tersebut produktifitas harta adalah dengan investasi.  Investasi adalah sebuah komitmen untuk menyimpan harta atau dana yang diharapkan akan mendapatkan keuntungan di masa yang akan datang. Kegiatan investasi ini sangat dianjurkan dalam Islam sebagaimana dinyatakan dalam AlQuran dan dipraktikan oleh Nabi SAW. Hal itu dikarenakan banyak sekali manfaat yang ditimbulkan selain sebagai penjagaan diri, juga karena harta yang diinvestasikan tidak bertumpuk hanya pada seseorang tapi terdistribusi sehingga menambah nilai dan  manfaat harta. Namun  tidak semua investasi boleh dilakukan , Islam sebagai agama yang mengatur semua aspek kehidupan manusia, memiliki prinsip-prinsip yang dapat dijadikan batasan  dan aturan  dan membedakan mana investasi yang halal dan yang haram. Aturan tersebut meliputi jenis usaha, transaksi dan modalnya. Sehingga  dengan memahami  prinsip-prinsip tersebut umat Islam akan terhindar dari praktik muamalah yang dilarang. Karena sejatinya Islam memandang investasi tidak hanya sebagian aktifitas muamalah maliyah semata tetapi memiliki nilai ibadah bila tetap pada koridor aturan  dan prinsip-prinsip Syariah.    Kata Kunci : Investasi, prinsip-prinsip, ekonomi Syariah.
PENGARUH SISTEM KARTEL DALAM SISTEM PERDAGANGAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Safe’i Abdulah , Jalaluddin Jalaluddin
Published: September 2021

Artikel ini berangkat dari fenomena banyaknya sistem kerjasama antar pengusaha yang secara sistemik mengatur dan menjalankan berbagai strategi demi tujuan dan keuntungan yang ditetapkan sedemikin rupa. Salah satu sistem kerjasama dimaksud adalah Kartel. Pada hampir setiap kegiatan ekonomi pangan, peluang terjadinya fenomena kartel selalu muncul. Selain karena kecenderungan perburuan rente di kalangan pelaku ekonomi yang tumbuh subur, fenomena kartel juga muncul karena lemahnya struktur penegakan aturan main, lemahnya pengawasan dan buruknya kualitas kebijakan ekonomi pemerintah secara umum.  Bila dilihat dari cara memperoleh keuntungan, kartel pada dasarnya sama dengan praktek monopoli yang dilarang karena menimbulkan persaingan usaha yang tidak sehat. Hal tersebut mengacu adanya kerja sama antara perusahaan yang sejenis yang menimbulkan kerugian pada konsumen. Kata Kunci: kartel, monopoli, konsumen, kebijakan ekonomi.
PENERAPAN RASIONALITAS EKONOMI ISLAM DALAM MENGENDALIKAN PERILAKU ISRAF DI TENGAH PANDEMI
Authors: Awaluddin Andri
Published: September 2021

Human beings as social beings in an effort to meet the needs of their lives are always doing economic activities. To regulate these economic activities, there are several economic systems that can be applied, some that adhere to the capitalist economic system, some that adhere to the social economic system. But as Muslims should impose an economic system can put the interests of the people above personal interests so as to create rationality in conducting economic activities. As a human being who has lust tends to have excessive consumption behavior (israf), but man also has a sense that is able to control consumptive nature so that in fulfilling the needs of his life man always control himself to be free from israf behavior.  In the making of this journal the author uses qualitative research methods with literature research. Keywords: Rationality, Islamic Economy, Israf
RELEVANSI STRUKTUR KEPEMILIKAN TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN PADA PT. AKR CORPORINDO, TBK PERIODE 2011-2020
Authors: Munandar Erwin , Fathoni Hamdan
Published: September 2021

The value of the company becomes very important for the company or the holders of stock. Each party has its view on the value of the company, the similarity is to want the value of the company to be in a high position. Managerial ownership is the manager's shareholding where the manager is not only involved in managing the company but also involved in the impact of management decisions. Institutional ownership is the shareholding of another company that has a function as a management supervisor. This examination utilizes unmistakable techniques and quantitative methodologies utilizing optional information upheld by writing and documentation considers. The results showed partially both variables had no significant influence on the value of the company. Similarly, simultaneously it has no significant influence on the value of the company.Keywords: Managerial Ownership, Institutional Ownership, Corporate Value.
Jazz Social
Authors: Carriage Leigh , Wren Toby
Published: September 2021

The Jazz Social was an online virtual jazz club which started during the first shutdowns for COVID in Australia from April to July 2020, now archived as ten videos on The Jazz Social YouTube channel. It was designed as an opportunity for musicians to perform and make up lost income when gigs disappeared overnight. The venture was arguably successful for a virtual jazz club: it employed 47 musicians, paying on average $116AUD for each performance; and each gig reached an average of 340 people, a considerably larger audience than a typical face-to-face jazz performance would attract. The Jazz Social gigs also brought together geographically diverse musicians and provided a platform for them to share music and discuss their experiences. With an understanding that Australia is entering a ‘new COVID normal environment’ which may have ongoing implications for face-to-face performance practice, this article reflects on what The Jazz Social has revealed about the nature of jazz performance, collaboration, community, virtuality, and the limitations and affordances of new technologies in producing knowledge through improvisation.
A religião nas margens. Reconfigurações da religiosidade no contexto pós-moderno.
Authors: Godoy João Miguel Teixeira , Maestá Bruna Aparecida
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo preocupa-se sobre tudo em identificar e analisar fenômenos religiosos no Brasil, principalmente no que diz respeito a Nova Era, contemplando seus agentes, suas características, sua configuração institucional, sua correlação com o pós-moderno. Como contraponto da análise bibliográfica, elegemos como estudo de caso, a trajetória de um integrante específico desse universo que vem sendo chamado de circuito neo-esotérico, ou seja um centro integrado e de divulgação e desenvolvimento de práticas curativas alternativas e desenvolvimento da espiritualidade, chamado de Espaço Iris, localizado na cidade de Valinhos, na Região Metropolitana de Campinas, e em atividade desde 1999.
Cultura de segurança do paciente entre profissionais de Enfermagem em um hospital filantrópico de Minas Gerais
Authors:   Faculdade de Ciências Médicas e da Saúde de Juiz de Fora – Suprema, Vieira Magalhães Eduarda , Oliveira de Paiva Fernanda , Soares Alves Maria Eduarda , Cavalieri de Almeida Meire
Published: September 2021

Introdução: Diferentes iniciativas têm sido realizadas com vistas à melhoria da qualidade do cuidado e segurança do paciente no Brasil. Contudo, o cumprimento dessas normas como uma série de requisitos parece não corresponder à real incorporação de mudanças e melhoria na segurança. Objetivos: Avaliar a cultura de segurança do paciente em um hospital filantrópico de Minas Gerais, observando, ainda, possíveis diferenças por turnos de trabalho, diurno e noturno. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional do tipo transversal. A população de estudo foi constituída por profissionais de Enfermagem atuantes nessa instituição filantrópica. Para a avaliação da cultura de segurança foi utilizado o Inquérito Hospitalar sobre Cultura de Segurança do Paciente (HSOPSC), criado pela Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), validado, traduzido e adaptado transculturalmente no Brasil. Na análise e interpretação dos dados foram seguidas as orientações da AHRQ, sendo observadas dimensões fortalecidas e fragilizadas. Este trabalho foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: Foram incluídos 118 participantes no estudo, sendo 17,2% desse total enfermeiros e o restante técnicos de Enfermagem. Nenhuma dimensão da cultura de segurança foi identificada como fortalecida na instituição. Foram consideradas como áreas frágeis: a “abertura à comunicação”, o “trabalho em equipe entre as unidades hospitalares”, a “adequação de pessoal”, as “mudanças de turno e transição entre as unidades”, e as “respostas não punitivas aos erros”. Em algumas dimensões foram observadas diferenças por turno de trabalho, diurno e noturno. Conclusão: A análise da cultura de segurança nesse hospital pode contribuir para um melhor direcionamento de condutas com vistas a garantir uma assistência mais segura.
Soil temperature and soil moisture characteristics for several habitat types of Montana and Idaho
Authors:   ,   Montana State University, Sirucek Dean Albert
Published: September 2021

Soil temperature and soil moisture data from sixty-six monitoring sites located in forest ecosystems of western Montana and northern Idaho were summarized. These data were analyzed in comparison to the criteria for soil temperature and soil moisture regimes (U.S.D.A.- Soil Taxonomy, Soils Staff, 1975). The hypothesis that climax forest communities (habitat types) occupy sites with characteristic soil temperature and moisture conditions was tested. The soil temperature and soil moisture status throughout the growing season for fifty-two monitoring sites was analyzed in respect to their climax forest series and habitat type class. The results of the analysis demonstrate that some forest habitat types of northern Idaho and western Montana occupy sites with a narrow range of soil temperature and soil moisture conditions; where as other habitat types have variable soil temperature and soil moisture conditions. The monitored soil temperature and soil moisture data were displayed for nineteen forest habitat types. Several relationships between climax forest vegetation, soil temperature regimes and soil moisture regimes were identified, for western Montana and northern Idaho. The Abies Iasiocarpa climax forest series monitoring sites classify primarily in the cryic soil temperature regime. The Thuja plicata, Abies grandis, and Pseudotsuga menziesii climax forest series monitoring sites classify primarily in the frigid soil temperature regime. In western Montana all the Abies lasiocarpa, Thuja plicata, and Abies grandis climax forest series monitoring sites classify in the udic soil moisture regime. The Pseudotsuga menziesii climax forest series monitoring sites classify in either a udic or a xeric soil moisture regime. It was concluded that a field soil scientist in western Montana or northern Idaho could estimate the soil temperature regime by knowing the climax forest series and elevation of a site. Discriminant analysis was applied to thirty-four monitoring sites representing six habitat types. The probability of the membership in a habitat type being correctly predicted by the site characteristics alone (i.e. average soil temperature, average soil moisture tension, and elevation) was eighty-six percent.
“O capitão do mato não conta a história como ela foi” – reflexões sobre terapia ocupacional e cultura a partir da trajetória dos Ternos de Congada
Authors: Souza Amanda Queiroz de , Alves Heliana Castro , Cardoso Paula Tatiana
Published: September 2021

Resumo Introdução A terapia ocupacional, sob uma perspectiva crítica decolonial, problematiza suas ações na articulação entre justiça social e direitos humanos visando à democratização do acesso à produção cultural e valorização dos saberes, conhecimentos e práticas de grupos sociais historicamente excluídos. Propôs-se acompanhar a congada, uma manifestação artístico-cultural afro-brasileira presente na região Sudeste. Objetivo Refletir sobre a atuação da terapia ocupacional no campo da cultura com base na descrição da trajetória e nas demandas políticas e sociais dos Ternos de Congada. Método Estudo de abordagem qualitativa, com a utilização do método de histórias de vida. A coleta de dados consistiu na realização de entrevistas individuais registradas em áudio e observação direta dos eventos comemorativos. Resultados: A análise de dados gerou duas categorias: 1- “Cotidiano dos Ternos de Congada ontem e hoje: memórias e trajetórias”, que descreve o cotidiano e a trajetória dos Ternos de Congada, por meio das memórias afetivas dos participantes da pesquisa; e 2- “Institucionalidades e colonialidade na marginalização da cultura popular: conquistas e demandas dos grupos de congada”, abrangendo as relações dos grupos de Terno de Congada com o poder público local. Conclusão O fazer ético-político da profissão, ao abarcar produções artístico-culturais forjadas no bojo do colonialismo, deve adotar uma nova postura epistêmica que ofereça centralidade às narrativas subalternas. Essa perspectiva abrange a compreensão de que a práxis cultural de grupos e comunidades tradicionais marginalizadas ganha contornos políticos e de identidade e memória histórica que devem ser contemplados na produção de conhecimentos e de práticas em terapia ocupacional.
Estrés percibido en niños deportistas
Authors: Moreno Gómez Claudia Arlen , Silva Cecilia , González Alcántara Karla Edith
Published: September 2021

Con el objetivo de conocer los factores que los niños perciben como estresantes dentro de la práctica deportiva, se llevó a cabo una investigación de corte cualitativo y de diseño fenomenológico, en la cual se realizaron cuatro grupos focales en los que participaron un total de 41 niños deportistas de entre seis y doce años pertenecientes a las disciplinas de gimnasia artística, natación clavados o fútbol. Las entrevistas permitieron identificar factores que los niños perciben como estresantes en su práctica deportiva, que según lo reportado por ellos, se dividen en dos contextos: el entrenamiento y la competencia. En el entrenamiento, los factores que más mencionaron fueron las exigencias y el favoritismo por algunos niños del grupo por parte del entrenador, así como experimentar emociones negativas, entre ellas la falta de tiempo para realizar otras actividades y el cansancio físico. En el contexto de la competencia, reportaron experimentar emociones negativas y preocupación como los factores que más les generan estrés. Los hallazgos permiten corroborar que los niños deportistas perciben distintas situaciones de estrés asociadas con la práctica de su disciplina, por lo que es importante incluir en los programas deportivos, el entrenamiento en estrategias de afrontamiento. Es probable que si los niños aprenden a afrontar el estrés de manera adecuada, no solo tendrán una mejor salud física y emocional, sino también más éxito en su disciplina y disminuirán las tasas de abandono.
Valoración de las estudiantes emiratíes del uso de Blackboard como herramienta para la formación científica en Psicología
Authors: Campo-Redondo Iglesias Maria Susana
Published: September 2021

Este estudio examina las valoraciones que tienen las estudiantes de Psicología de la Universidad de los Emiratos Árabes Unidos (UAEU) sobre el uso de Blackboard™ como herramienta para la formación científica profesional. Según los resultados de una encuesta aplicada a las estudiantes, tanto de pregrado como de posgrado, se identificaron algunas de las experiencias que afectan la adquisición de conocimientos y el desarrollo de habilidades científicas cuando se usa un Sistema de Gestión del Aprendizaje (SGA). El análisis cualitativo de las respuestas se abordó teniendo en cuenta las directrices de la teoría fundamentada. Las afirmaciones resultantes en la encuesta se clasificaron en tres dominios: el primero cubrió las experiencias previas (emocionales y cognitivas) de las estudiantes en el uso de Blackboard; el segundo comprendió las creencias de las estudiantes en el uso de Blackboard como herramienta para la gestión de aprendizaje, y el tercer dominio refirió las expectativas en el uso de Blackboard como herramienta para el entrenamiento en investigación. Los resultados del análisis indican que con Blackboard se desarrollan actitudes positivas para el aprendizaje en Psicología, pero que tales experiencias no les permiten inferir si Blackboard les servirá en su trabajo profesional desde una perspectiva científica. Las estudiantes consideran que Blackboard es muy eficaz para el aprendizaje de teorías y muy útil para compartir información, pero menos eficiente en el aprendizaje de métodos para investigar, interpretar y redactar informes. En general, Blackboard fue mejor valorado en aspectos administrativos que como herramienta para la formación académica, y mucho menos para el desarrollo de la investigación científica.
La salud mental como derecho humano en Quintana Roo, México
Authors: Barrera Rojas Miguel Angel , Baeza Ruiz Alejandro
Published: September 2021

En la literatura académica son muy escasos los esfuerzos en los que se analiza, desde la disciplina de la política pública, a un derecho humano específico. Para este trabajo se analizará el caso de la salud mental como derecho humano en Quintana Roo, México. Para dar cumplimiento a lo anterior, se planteó una metodología de revisión histórico-documental que permitió analizar si existen elementos básicos de política pública en materia de salud mental en Quintana Roo. Entre los resultados se encontró que, si bien ya existe un piso mínimo de política pública, no hay condiciones de infraestructura suficientes para poder considerar a la salud mental como derecho humano. Esto deja abierta la puerta a que este trabajo sea el ápice de la discusión sobre la necesidad de generar políticas públicas enfocadas a generar infraestructura física que permitan, en el mediano y largo plazo, considerar la idea de que la salud mental sea derecho humano.
Inteligencia, funciones ejecutivas y rendimiento académico de adolescentes de 13 y 14 años de Resistencia (Chaco, Argentina)
Authors: Muchiut Álvaro Federico , Vaccaro Paola , Pietto Marcos Luis
Published: September 2021

El ámbito educativo, indudablemente, puede beneficiarse de los aportes de las neurociencias, enfoque desde el cual, en este estudio, se plantearon los objetivos de explorar la relación existente entre la capacidad intelectual (CI), las funciones ejecutivas (FE) y el rendimiento académico (RA) en adolescentes; analizar si la CI y las FE constituyen variables predictoras del RA, e indagar el funcionamiento ejecutivo de la muestra según la CI fuera baja o alta. Para ello, se realizó un estudio no experimental, transversal, descriptivo-correlacional, en el que participaron 36 sujetos de 13-14 años. Los instrumentos de evaluación utilizados fueron WISC-IV, BANFE-2 y el registro de calificaciones provisto por la institución educativa. Los datos obtenidos fueron sometidos a análisis descriptivos, de correlación y de regresión. Los resultados arrojaron correlación positiva significativa entre las variables CI y FE, y entre la prueba WISC-IV y RA, determinándose el CI como variable predictiva del RA, mientras que en relación con las FE evaluadas con BANFE-2 solo se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa con las subpruebas correspondientes al área prefrontal anterior. Además se observaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos de alta y baja CI en las FE de planificación, memoria de trabajo (MT) y fluidez verbal, en favor del grupo de alto desempeño intelectual. La conclusión se centra en la importancia de involucrar los hallazgos sobre los diferentes procesos cognitivos en el diseño de las estrategias pedagógicas para favorecer al máximo el RA del estudiante. Finalmente, las limitaciones versaron en relación con el tamaño muestral, y se proponen futuras líneas de estudio que posibiliten generalizar los resultados.
Theory of industrial organization: The problem of defining the subject.
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Taranukha Yury Vasilievich
Published: September 2021

The object of analysis in the industrial organization theory remains debatable. A comparative approach applied to solve the problem in the study shows that the object in the industrial organization theory is conventionally interpreted as different forms of applied, i. e. industrial, microeconomics. The author views industrial market as a structural component of economy with its own laws of development. If the object of analysis in the industrial organization theory is the industry itself, then the subject should be focused on studying the driving forces which determine the direction of its development. The objects of analysis in the current industrial markets theory and in microeconomic analysis match due to their common methodology – the statistical analysis. Given the industry’s dynamic nature, it would be the most appropriate to reproduce the approach which combines systematic and dynamic methods. This approach demonstrates that industry’s evolution is driven by the resolution of contradictions between the firm and market conditions. The direct cause of market changes are shown to be the changes in the productive forces, and the direct driving force is the firm. While changing, the firm creates new market conditions which accumulate and trigger qualitative transformations of the market, forcing it to adapt to the changes in a new way. An on-going contradiction between them becomes the engine of development for both the industry and the firm. This interpretation of the object in the industrial organization theory and the reproduced methodology used provide ample opportunities for solving two theoretically and pragmatically crucial problems – defining the causes and factors of the industrial markets development, and defining the patterns in product markets development, which allows us to predict the process of market evolution. Further analysis of the internal development will reveal the evolutionary nature of the industries and markets and give some insights into the nature of their interaction with the society’s productive forces and public institutes being the reflections of the production relationships.
Lo uno y lo múltiple : una autoetnografía en un centro para refugiados en el sureste de Italia.
Authors: Sánchez Pérez Aída Lucía
Published: September 2021

Este texto fue escrito por una estudiante de antropología en 2005, a partir de notas escritas por la misma estudiante, cinco años atrás. Muestra la tensión producida por tener que escribir algo con valor académico para que sea aceptado como antropología, mientras al mismo tiempo se cuestiona la obligación de decir cosas que otros ya hubieran dicho con el fin de que fueran aceptadas como válidas. A partir de mi experiencia como voluntaria, en el año 2000, en un centro para refugiados en el sureste de Italia, tomo como excusa la multiculturalidad, el encuentro de diferentes culturas en un mismo espacio, usando la autoetnografía y también el concepto de lo uno y lo múltiple.
Sobre un trabajo de campo entre afrodescendientes de Casanare (Colombia) : una entrevista con Valentina Villegas Arias.
Authors: Arias Marín David E.
Published: September 2021

El artículo presenta una entrevista realizada en 2006 con Valentina Villegas Arias, antropóloga colombiana ya fallecida que a comienzos de la década del 2000 hizo trabajo de campo entre una organización de afrocolombianos de Casanare (Colombia). Las respuestas de Valentina ponen sobre la mesa algunos temas que son de especial interés para los antropólogos, tales como el acceso al terreno, los primeros contactos, la delimitación del problema de investigación, el proceso de recolección de datos, el establecimiento de relaciones con algunas personas, la evitación de otras, el trabajo de campo y sus significados personales, y algunas problemáticas sensibles y aún actuales en la sociedad colombiana como el racismo, la discriminación, la marginalidad, las formas de diferenciación cultural, la explotación laboral, el papel de actores armados ilegales en el control social y en las formas de contratación laboral, la reivindicación de derechos culturales y territoriales de los grupos étnicos, las dinámicas de las identidades culturales y los procesos políticos organizativos, entre otros. Además de dejar testimonio escrito de una voz que no está más entre nosotros, el principal objetivo de esta entrevista es reflexionar sobre las implicaciones de hacer antropología en Colombia, lo que el trabajo de campo significa para algunos de sus practicantes y la visión que desde su formación profesional ofrecen estos de los problemas del país y de sus grupos étnicos.
Ciclos de vida biológicos y culturales, una propuesta integradora.
Authors: Díaz Córdova Diego
Published: September 2021

Presentamos aquí un intento de síntesis teórica de las relaciones dinámicas entre los ciclos de vida biológicos y los ciclos de vida culturales. Para ello nos basamos en los trabajos del profesor Juan Samaja y su esquema sobre el estudio del proceso de salud-enfermedad-atención. Básicamente el planteamiento se origina en los trabajos de Bateson y el pensamiento complejo sobre los tipos lógicos y en los conceptos dialécticos de supresión-conservación-superación. En este artículo aplicamos esos conceptos a los ciclos biológicos y a los ciclos culturales, a su relación desde un punto de vista antropológico. En síntesis, la idea es ir construyendo un marco de comprensión para el análisis del vínculo entre la naturaleza y la cultura. Este trabajo es una primera exploración en ese sentido; nuestro objetivo es encontrar algunas reglas que permitan comprender las relaciones que se establecen entre ambos ámbitos.
The promise of infrastructure
Authors: Prieto Ñañez Fabián
Published: September 2021

En enero de 2006, los entonces presidentes de Brasil, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, y de Perú, Alejandro Toledo, inauguraron el puente de la integración de Acre. Dicho acto marcó el inicio del proyecto de la Ruta Interoceánica Brasil-Perú, eje de conexión vial marcado por la promesa de comenzar un capítulo en la historia de la Amazonia, “una historia de búsqueda de mayor participación en el desarrollo económico, social y político de nuestros países” (LR, 2006), en palabras de Lula da Silva. Múltiples historias se han entretejido alrededor de este proyecto, desde los sobornos hechos por la empresa Odebrecht, los impactos ambientales ocasionados por la expansión de la minería, la cacería y la pesca ilegales, hasta la afectación de poblaciones en el Amazonas. Paralelamente, la presencia misma de la carretera, así como de puentes, viajes de más de cien horas y pueblos a lo largo de la vía, evidencia legados de larga duración y experiencias cotidianas, trayectorias políticas que unen a las infraestructuras con la idea de promesa.
Mundos que colapsan
Authors: Camargo Alejandro
Published: September 2021

Vivimos en un mundo que amenaza con colapsar de múltiples formas. El cambio climático, la intensificación de desastres ambientales a escala planetaria y la pandemia del Covid-19 son algunos de los principales fenómenos que, al amenazar nuestra existencia, nos recuerdan también la ambivalencia de las fuerzas vitales. Por un lado, se reafirma la idea del Antropoceno, una reificación del dominio de los humanos sobre la tierra que los ha convertido en una fuerza geológica. Esta idea ya ha sido suficientemente criticada por desdibujar las diferencias sociales (Biermann et al., 2016), subestimar el lugar del capitalismo y su historicidad en la naturaleza (Moore, 2017), y por estar marcada por enfoques masculinistas y tecnonormativos (Grusin, 2017). Aun así, existe un consenso sobre el origen antrópico de la crisis ambiental global actual. Por otro lado, la intensidad y frecuencia crecientes en la ocurrencia de desastres ambientales nos muestra que las transformaciones antrópicas del entorno pueden llevar a un escalamiento de fuerzas que se vuelcan sobre los humanos y que superan cualquier intento de control. De esta manera, la amenaza del colapso engendra una tensión entre múltiples fuerzas humanas y no humanas que dan forma a diversas posibilidades de vida en un mundo que cambia de forma abrupta. La vida, en otras palabras, es lo que está en juego ante el colapso del mundo.
Based on the materials of the XII Congress of Oncologists and Radiologists CIS and Eurasia, named after N.N. Trapeznikov. Hematological section “Modern approaches to the multiple myeloma patient treatment”
Authors: Ryabuhina Yu. E.
Published: September 2021

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Results of longstanding, single-center trial for pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma treatment
Authors: Valiev T. T. , Belyaeva E. S.
Published: September 2021

Background. Actually, treatment results of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) are the most dramatic oncohematology achievements, therefore modern treatment protocols designed to toxicity reduction with the same high level of patients’ survival. Time of complete response occupies a central position in the prognostic factors for HL and helps to find a group of patients whose treatment could be de-escalated.

Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of original domestic risk-adopted protocol RDC POG-HL 2003 with treatment de-escalation and refused radiation therapy (RT) for early-responded patients.

Materials and methods. 192 patients were enrolled in prospective RDC POG-HL 2003 protocol from February 2003 to November 2020. Median age was 12.8 years (from 3 to 17). Local stages (IA–IIA) were diagnosed in 48 (25 %) patients, disseminated (IIB–IVB) – in 144 (75 %) cases. For local (IA–IIA) stages by RCD POG-HL 2003 treatment included DBVE + RT, for disseminated (IIB–IVB) – BEACOPP escalated (esc.) + RT. In case of 70 % and more tumor reduction after 4 induction courses of BEACOPP-esc., the following treatment included less intensive schemes (ABVD, COPP/ABV). Because of high risk of breast cancer in girls after mediastinal RT, it was possible to omit a RT in case of early response.

Results. All patients with local stages are alive by the time of study end. Event- and relapse-free survivals in this group were 97.8 ± 2.5 % (median follow up 181.9 ± 4.8 months). Event-free survival for disseminated stages patients was 90.3 ± 3.3 % (median follow up 179.1 ± 4.2 months), relapse-free survival – 93.5 ± 2.1 % (median follow up 191.7 ± 2.3 months) and overall survival – 97.9 ± 1.2 % (median follow up 196.3 ± 2.6 months). In 48 (25 %) patients it was possible to omit RT without reducing survival rates.

Conclusion. Differentiated HL treatment with respect to disease stage and time of complete response is a key to success of treatment. Such approach permits us to reduce cumulative therapy toxicity by its de-escalation and, in some cases, to omit RT.
Perinatal outcomes of quadruplet pregnancy
Authors: Kalashnikov S. A. , Kudratova D. R.
Published: September 2021

Introduction. A significantly increased frequency of multiple pregnancies including more than two fetuses is a consequence of using assisted reproductive technologies and ovulation stimulations. However, such pregnancies remain poorly investigated. Aim: to study the course and perinatal outcomes of quadruplet pregnancies.

Materials and Methods. 7 pregnant women with quadruplets were examined. A comprehensive examination, including fetometry, monitoring of the cervical length, Doppler examination, and treatment of all complications were performed for all pregnant women. Results. Quadruplet pregnancy belongs to the peak risk group for the frequency of multiple gestational complications: cervical incompetence (85.7 %), anemia (71.4 %), preeclampsia (57.1 %), fetal growth retardation (71.4 %), premature birth (100.0 %), massive bleeding during delivery (33.3 %), extremely low birth weight newborns (30.8 %), respiratory disorders (100.0 %), intraventricular hemorrhages (38.5 %).

Conclusion. Women with quadruplet pregnancies should be monitored and give a birth in level 3 perinatal centers. Delivery should be preferentially performed by caesarean section. The data obtained additionally underline that as few as a single embryo should solely transferred.
Neonatal thrombosis: risk factors and principles of prophylaxis
Authors: Vorobev A. V. , Bitsadze V. O. , Khizroeva J. Kh. , Potapkina S. A. , Makatsariya N. A. , Rizzo G. , Di Renzo G. C. , Blinov D. V. , Pankratyeva L. L. , Tsibizova V. I.
Published: September 2021

Data analysis on the pathogenesis and risk factors of neonatal thrombosis was carried out. The main risk factor of any neonatal thrombosis is central catheter installment, but other maternal, fetal and neonatal factors should be taken into consideration. We discuss the epidemiology of neonatal thrombosis and the main features of the hemostasis system in newborns, the most significant risk factors, including genetic and acquired thrombophilia. We consider the von Willebrand factor activity and ADAMTS-13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13) level in the development of neonatal thrombotic microangiopathy. Finally, we discuss the basic principles of prevented neonatal thrombosis by using low molecular weight heparins.
Influence of age-related and vascular factors on the state of external and internal liquoroconductive spaces of brain
Authors: Kovalyova M. V. , Martinov M. Yu. , Gorina T. P.
Published: September 2021

A comparative analysis of results of examination of patients with chronic brain vascular insufficiency and findings on reference group was carried out. The significance of age-related and vascular risk factors in development of changes in external and internal liquoroconductive spaces is stated. It is noted that insignificant and moderate dilatation of subarachnoid spaces and ventricular systems mainly indicate natural involutional processes. Heterogeneity of anterior and posterior regions involvement of subarachnoid spaces in brain aging are revealed. Influence of silent ischemic insults on the state of ventricular system is mentioned.
About the combination of schizophrenia with Huntington's disease
Authors: Petlina I. G. , Zalyalova Z. A.
Published: September 2021

We have not found data on the combination of schizophrenia with Huntington's disease in the literature available to us. Well-known authors (Sternberg, Telle, Tiganov, Snezhnevsky, Zhislin, Schrug, Quinn) give a clinical description of psychopathological symptoms in Huntington's disease, the main of which is the deafening process.
Ischaemic stroke, snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Partinen M.
Published: September 2021

Ischemic stroke usually occurs in the morning before noon; according to the latest data, - most often between 10 and 12 hours. Individuals who snore every night or nearly every night (habitual snoring) have been found to be more at risk of ischemic stroke than those who snore intermittently. Habitual snoring is a common manifestation of obstructive sleep apnea, often associated with being overweight.
The Tejon Pass earthquake of October 22, 1916
Authors: Branner John Casper
Published: September 2021

The area over which the shock was felt by persons at rest was 27,000 square miles or more, extending from Fresno on the north to San Diego on the south, and from Mojave to the coast.

The epicenter seems to have been near the summit of the Tejon Pass, where the intensity reached VII or a little more, of the Rossi-Forel scale.

At many places the shock was preceded by a pronounced roar like thunder or a high wind. Wherever the direction of the sound was noted it appeared to come from the epicentral area.

The region is too thinly populated and our data are too meager to enable us to outline the area of high intensity with confidence, but the following facts seem to be fairly well established:

The shock or shocks were produced by movement on the fault line that passes through the Tejon Pass and follows thence east-southeast along the axes of Leonas Valley and Anaverde Valley and northwestward through Cuddy Canyon and Cuddy Valley.

The topographic evidence of the fault in the Tejon Pass is very pronounced, but there is topographic evidence of another fault that branches off from the Tejon Pass fault about a mile and a half northwest of Tejon Pass and runs east-northeast from the northwest corner of Los Angeles county, passing along the north side of Castac Lake. The depression occupied by Castac Lake seems to have been formed by a downthrow on the south side of this fault.

It has been supposed that the fault through Tejon Pass was a southward prolongation of the San Andreas fault near San Francisco. The identity of these faults is far from being evident. The topography, the distribution of earthquake shocks, and the method of fracture along the fault zones all suggest a series of overlapping faults rather than one continuous fault.

Mr. Hamlin says on this subject: “This fault is not a long continuous fracture, but rather a fault zone with numerous branches. Dropped blocks are not uncommon along this zone, some being a mile or more wide and twice as long.”

The forms of the isoseismals of this particular earthquake, however, suggest definite relations to this fault zone.
Earthquakes in Oregon
Authors: Smith Warren DuPré
Published: September 2021

Neither in number nor in intensity has Oregon suffered from earthquakes, and so far the subject is one of scientific interest only. The number of earthquakes on record to date is thirty, and these appear all to be of tectonic origin. There is not an actual, but only an apparent seismic hiatus between California and the state of Washington.

Oregon needs at least one complete seismograph, and an accurate study of this important and interesting subject should be begun at once.
The San Jose earthquake
Authors: Vickery Frederick P.
Published: September 2021

summary
An investigation into the time term method in refraction seismology
Authors: Reiter Leon
Published: September 2021

abstract

The time term method of seismic refraction data analysis allows an areal arrangement of shot points and stations and yields directly a three-dimensional representation of underlying structure. This method was investigated analytically and through numerical experiments to determine implicit sources of error and to provide guidelines for its proper use. Error terms for computed refractor depths were derived for two site arrays over two structures, a simply dipping refractor surface and a symmetric anticlinal refractor surface. These error terms proved to be qualitatively reliable guides to the performance of the time term method using models of multi site arrays over planar and biplanar refractor structures. Neither continuity of time terms nor use of a known refractor velocity in the computations offered a guarantee of a more accurate refractor reconstruction. In the two models tested a refractor velocity greater than the true velocity yielded the best reconstruction. Sensitivity to angle of dip indicated preferred orientation of shot-station lines along gentle apparent dips when the underlying structure is known and their orientation along several azimuths when the structure is unknown so as to mute the effect of high dip angles. If the structure has refractor surfaces dipping more than a few degrees, the time term method will give inaccurate results unless previous knowledge of the refractor configuration permits model studies to determine error terms and arrangement of shots and stations. Unfortunately such knowledge is usually the goal of a seismic experiment.
Analyses of ground motions at Union Bay, Seattle during earthquakes and distant nuclear blasts
Authors: Seed H. Bolton , Idriss I. M.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Recordings of accelerations at three different depths within the soil profile at Union Bay were obtained during a mild nearby earthquake and three distant nuclear blast events. These recordings were made by instruments which had been placed in peat 10 feet below the ground surface, in clay 61 feet below the ground surface and in glacial till 105 feet below the ground surface. Accelerations in the EW, NS and vertical directions were recorded simultaneously at these three depths. Using an equivalent linear variable damping lumped-mass solution, incorporating strain-dependent material properties for the peat and clay layers, the motions throughout the deposits were computed. The recorded accelerations in the glacial till were used as input base motion. Comparisons of the time histories of accelerations, maximum accelerations and spectral values of the motions recorded during the nearby earthquake with the corresponding computed motions indicated a high degree of agreement. The maximum accelerations recorded during the distant nuclear blast events also compared well with the computed accelerations.
An engineering intensity scale for earthquakes and other ground motion
Authors: Blume John A.
Published: September 2021

abstract

An engineering intensity scale is proposed for earthquakes and for ground motion resulting from nuclear or chemical explosions. It is based upon 5 per cent damped response spectra developed from the ground motion and a standard 10 × 9 matrix with columns representing period bands and rows representing prescribed response velocity levels, Sv. Acceleration or relative displacement can also be readily assigned with the use of 4-way logarithmic paper. The El scale can be reported by period column as 9-digit, 3-digit, or 1-digit numbers, or by all three in a standard format. The more digits reported, the greater the amount of information on the period bands. The advantages over existing scales are many including ratings that are directly informative and useful in damage estimations and which ratings are made objectively and have period identification lacking in other scales. Some example El ratings are provided.
Study of regional seismicity and associated problems
Authors: Evernden J. F.
Published: September 2021

abstract

This paper constitutes a compilation of seismicity data available in the literature plus regional and worldwide data obtained from the USCGS Preliminary Determination of Epicenter (PDE) lists. Data are presented in the form of the recurrence relationship of log N versus magnitude, where N is either cumulative or incremental number of earthquakes, and magnitude is either mb or MS. Relative shapes of these recurrence curves as regards mb versus MS, large magnitude versus small magnitude, shallow focus versus deep focus, etc. are discussed. Conclusions on variability of seismicity with time and on worldwide level of seismic activity are included.
Radiation of seisimic surface waves from extending circular sources
Authors: Horn Marie
Published: September 2021

abstract

The radiation of Rayleigh and Love waves from two different horizontal circular sources of stress is studied. The displacement on the free surface is deduced from the equations of motion and boundary conditions and then integrated over a finite radius to simulate a disturbance extending with a constant finite velocity.
The Godavari Valley earthquake sequence of April 1969
Authors: Gupta Harsh K. , Mohan Indra , Narain Hari
Published: September 2021

abstract

The Godavari Valley earthquake sequence of April 1969 has been studied in detail. The (Sg − Pg) and the (Pg − Pn) intervals have been used for estimating the extent of aftershock area and focal depth variations respectively. The main shock of magnitude 5.7 was followed by a number of aftershocks which are related by the function Log N = a + b M. The value of b is found to be −0.51. The main shock of April 13 accounted for 70 per cent of the total strain released. This sequence belongs to Type I of Mogi's classification. The macroseismic effects are also discussed briefly.
Elastic wave propagation in heterogeneous media
Authors: Beaudet Paul R.
Published: September 2021

The wave equation is solved for the ensemble average of particle displacements produced by an explosion. The explosion is assumed to occur in a finite cavity in an infinite heterogeneous medium. The solution is applied to the seismic waves generated by an underground nuclear detonation. Field observations from the underground nuclear test program at the Nevada Test Site are in qualitative agreement with the theory.
Short-period P-coda characteristics in the eastern Canadian Shield
Authors: Hasegawa H. S.
Published: September 2021

The short-period P-coda of eight earthquake events (recorded on magnetic tape) and one underground nuclear event (standard Canadian network seismogram) are analyzed in both the time and frequency domains in order to determine the transmission characteristics of the crust in the eastern section of the Canadian Shield. Surface particle motion diagrams indicate that there is appreciable anomalous P-S conversion in this region, starting at the base of the Labrador trough and extending to the upper mantle. The spectral ratio test, when applied to short-period records, is found to be capable of resolving thin crustal layers only. Coherency studies of teleseismic events recorded over a lateral distance, the same order of magnitude as the thickness of the crust in this region, show that the coherency (0.5 average) is much lower for the horizontal component than for the vertical component and also does not appear to vary appreciably with epicentral distance, whereas the vertical component does. Since for many of the records the signal-to-noise ratio of the vertical and horizontal components is comparable, these results indicate the possibility of the horizontal transfer function being more unstable over this region than the vertical transfer function.

From these observations it is concluded that (1) in the region of the eastern Canadian Shield where there is a surface layer of Proterozoic sediments about one km thick overlying basement rocks, the short-period body-wave transmission characteristics are more similar to those of the western Canada sedimentary basin in central Alberta than to those of the western part of the Canadian Shield near Yellowknife, Northwest Territories and (2) in order to resolve both thin and thick crustal layers by means of the spectral ratio test, both short- and long-period records of the P coda are required.