bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ROLE OF PIPPALYADI GUTIKA ANJANA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ARMA:
A CASE SERIES
Authors: Manwar Rajnigandha , Bhat Pravin M.
Published: March 2021

Background: Shalakyatantra is among one of specialties of Ashtanga Ayurveda which deals with diseases occurring above clavicle, so it mainly deals with sense organs, the disease affecting them and their man-agement. Among these sense organ eyes are one. Pterygium term is derived from Latin word ‘Pterygion’ means a wing, so it is wing shaped fold of conjunctiva encroaching upon the cornea from either side within the interpalpebral fissure. Etiology of Pterygium is not definitely known but the disease is more common in people living in hot climates. In Ayurveda, it can be correlated with Arma. Arma is Shuklagat Roga.
Purpose: There is no conservative treatment in modern science, so we planned to search the result of Pip-palyadi Gutika Anjana.
Method: In present study 5 patients were selected and treated with Pippalyadi Gutika Anjana for 45 days. Subjective parameters like redness, watering and foreign body sensation and objective parameters like length and thickness of pterygium were adapted.
Results and Conclusion: Pippalayadya Gurika Anjana have a Lekhana Tridoshashamaka Raktashodhaka, Chakhushya and Rasayana. A significant relief was found in symptom like Redness, watering and foreign body sensation.
SERENDIPITY DOES HAPPENS - A CASE REPORT OF MYOPIA TREATED WITH AYURVEDIC MODALITY
Authors: Ainlod Nirupa D. , Bhat Pravin M.
Published: March 2021

Myopia is the most common Refractive Error of the eye, seen in children, young adult & it has become more prevalent in recent years and is a cause of concern world over. On the basis of Symptoms, Myopia can be correlated with Vataja Timira w.r.t. Simple Myopia.
Purpose: While performing research on Allergic Conjunctivitis it is observed that Allergic Symptoms are minimized and also there was vision improvement. Hence treated one patient of Simple Myopia for the purpose of case study for one month and reporting this case in detail.
Materials & Methods: A 22years male patient came to OPD of Shalakyatantra with chief complaints of defective vision for distance in both eyes since 2 months treated with Kantakari Mula SiddhaKshira Ghrita Aschyotana.
Results: At the end of study, improvement in visual acuity in both eyes were found.
Conclusion: Thus, it can be concluded that Ayurvedic approaches are helpful to control Myopia.
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON AYURVEDIC APPROACH IN PALLIATIVE CARE
Authors: Kulkarni Shubham Ram , Divekar Ujwala
Published: March 2021

Palliative care is a holistic approach towards individualistic health care of people suffering from life threat-ening conditions. There are many misconceptions about palliative care that needs to be resolved. In devel-oping countries like India there is a huge gap between need and availability of sources for palliative care, creating urgent need of availability of more holistic & integrated approaches of palliative care like Ayurve-da. This study aims at reviewing concepts & modalities of Ayurveda which can be integrated in palliative care. The concepts & misconceptions about palliative care are gainfully reviewed with Ayurvedic concepts of Diet, Sleep, Rasayana Therapy, Wound Care, Pain Management, Music Therapy and Yoga in the con-text of palliative care.
A CASE STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY OF KAL BASTI FOLLOWED BY PANCHATIKTA KSHEER SARPI BASTI IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ASTHIMAJJAGAT VATA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO HLA-B27 (ANKYLOS-ING SPONDYLITIS)
Authors: Bahatkar Seema , Patil Anita A. , Kshirsagar Kesar N.
Published: March 2021

Ankylosing spondylitis belongs to group of Rheumatic disease known as spondyloarthropathies which show a strong association with genetic marker HLA-B27. Whereas the incidence of HLA-B27 is less than 1 percent in general population, it is present in more than 85% of patients with ankylosing spondylitis. In-flammatory back pain and stiffness are prominent early in the disease whereas chronic aggressive disease may produce pain and marked axial immobility and deformity. HLA-B27 is the most common findings in Ankylosing Spondylitis. In Ayurveda, no typical nomenclature has been found for the said disease but considering all sing and symptom of the patients, it can be treated as Asthimajjagata vata. No satisfactory treatment is available in modern medicine for this disorder. Various Panchakarma procedures and Ayur-vedic drugs have been proved useful for these manifestations. The patient was considered suffering from Asthimajjagat Vata (HLA-B27) and was treated with Guduchi, Dashamool and Erandmool as Niruha and Bala-guduchyadi Tail as Anuvasana for 16 days as Kal basti followed by Panchatikta ksheera sarpi Basti for 14 days (1 month) was given. Patients condition was assessed for symptoms of Asthimajjagat Vata (HLA-B27 positive). This study shows successfully managed with Ayurvedic treatment.
AYURVED APPROACH TO DIMINISHING OVARIAN RESERVE (DOR) IN FEMALE
INFERTILITY - CASE STUDY
Authors: Pawar Divya , Gholap Sameer
Published: March 2021

According to Ayurveda Having no Baby is described as Vandhyatva and Infertility in Modern science. In-fertility is a main issue in today’s era. Many couples go for IVF, Surrogacy and many more with very little benefits. Nearly 10-14% of individuals are belonging to the reproductive age group are affected by Infertil-ity. Infertility caused by Diminished Ovarian Reserve (DOR) results from an endocrinological imbalance. The rise in follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), decrease in Anti Mullerian hormone (AMH) and Antral fol-licle count (AFC) etc. for women age more than 35 years can lower pregnancy rates to less than 5 % and increases miscarriage rates to more than 75%. Ayurveda explained wide range of protocols and medicines for the management of Vandhyatva. In Ayurveda its appropriate correlation can be done with Dhatukshaya Vandhya explained in Harita Samhita. Ayurveda states four factors are mentioned Rutu, Kshetra, Ambu, Beeja should be in proper state in order to achieve conception and complete the pregnancy successfully.
Aim & Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of Shamana Aushadhi, Yog Basti, Uttarbasti in the manage-ment of Diminishing Ovarian Reserve (DOR) induced Female Infertility.
Materials & Methods: It is the single arm, open labelled case study of the subject of 35 yrs age with pri-mary infertility of Diminishing Ovarian Reserve (DOR) from Ayurveda College who has been treated with Shodhana Chikitsa as Yog Basti, Uttarbasti and Shamana Chikitsa simultaneously.
Results & Discussion: There was improvement in hormonal assay with increase in Anti Mullerian hormone (AMH) and Antral follicle count (AFC) followed by conception later on. The Patient delivered with full term normal healthy female baby. Samshodhana and Shamana Aushadha helped to pacify Vata Dosha by Dhatukshaya Vandhya Chikitsa thus restored the fertility.
Conclusion: The selected treatment protocol i.e. Samshodhana and Shamana Aushadha is very effective in the management of Diminishing Ovarian Reserve (DOR) induced Female Infertility.
UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPT OF PATALA & DRISHTI
Authors: Dwibedi Tarun Kumar , Hiremath Veerayya R , K Shashikala , N Gururaj
Published: March 2021

Language is the base of communication. Communication is made to understand and learn the mind and imagination. Ayurveda, the ancient life science is full of terminologies. To treat any disease, one should have thorough knowledge regarding those terminologies and their multiple meanings used in different con-texts. A very little description of Drishti and Patala are available in the classical literature regarding its measurement, shape, size and Panchabhoutiktwa, which is not sufficient to confine Drishti and Patala to any one part of eye. By analyzing different quotations of classical literature, we have tried to correlate the term Drishti and Patala to the structures of eyeball. As the meaning suggests the Patala is a covering, which covers the Drishti. In addition, based on the Dhatu Ashraya on four Patala of eyeball, the cornea with aqueous, the Lens with uveal tract, the posterior sclera and the retina with optic nerve can be consid-ered as the Prathama, Dwitiya, Tritiya and Chaturtha Patala respectively. Pramana of Drishti suggests it as the fovea. Drishti is the central cornea, based on instillation of Aschyatono. Drishti is constricted and dilated in sun and in shadow or dim light. This refers to change in diameter and thickness of Drishti. There-fore, Drishti is pupillary aperture and lens. The Drishti can be the refractive media, visual pathway and ret-ina of eyeball as Avyaktadarshana, Vramita Darshana are the symptom of Timira Roga. The Shadvida Roopa of Linganasha can be compared with the different stages of nuclear cataract. So, the Drishti can be the lens. The central cornea, pupillary aperture and the lens can be considered as Drishti, as the opacity near the Drishti produces loss of vision. The ancient surgical procedure of Sleishmika Linganasha (cata-ract) suggests Lekhana Karma over the Drishti. This is to be done on Drishti until vision is achieved. The symptom of Drishtigata Roga is similar to the symptoms like day blindness, night blindness, blurred vi-sion, distorted vision (Avyaktadarshana, Vramita Darshana) etc. are also the symptoms of retinitis pigmen-tosa, retinitis and other pathology of retina. Therefore, Drishti is retina, fovea and optic nerve. Hence, the Drishti cannot be a single structure, rather Drishti is the refractive pathway and refractive media of eyeball.
EFFECT OF YONIDHOOPANA AND ITS ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY IN STRI RO-GA & PRASUTI TANTRA: A REVIEW ARTICLE
Authors: 1 Anita , Kadam Sujata , Pandey Meenakshi
Published: March 2021

Background: Yonidhoopana means the fumigation of vulva and vagina is the special local therapy men-tioned in Ayurveda classics in different yonivyapada, sukhprasava and sutika. It is an inseparable part of therapeutics in gynaecological disorders maintain sterilized external and internal environment of genitals. Various dhoopana drugs has been described in Bruhatrayi and Kashyapa Samhita that have Katu, Tikta, Laghu, Ruksha and Ushna properties on heating, get converted into volatile fumes cause dilatation and ox-idation of blood vessels and increase tissue perfusion. This antiseptic and sterilised environment of vagina is depicted by analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect of Dhoopana. Various clinical research work related to yonidhoopana and antimicrobial effect of dhoopana has been conducted. Materials & Methods: Ayurvedic Samhita (Bruhtrayi), Kashyapa Samhita and literatures of striroga & prasuti tantra were studied out thoroughly. Original clinical research works, and review articles related to dhoopana were searched through online database search engine like Pubmed online, Researchgate, and Google scholar. Eight articles were selected and concluded. Discussion & Results: Yonidhoopana is very effective Sthani-ka chikitsa in yoniroga chikitsa, sukhprasava and sutikaparicharya due to its krimighna, kandughna, shothahara, vranaropaka, kledashoshaka effect in vulva and vagina. Hence, it is significantly proved in clinical research work of YONIDHOOPANA and antimicrobial dhoopana karma. Conclusion: Yonidhoopana has bacteriostatic action, economical, easy to perform and effective antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory procedure without any harmful effects.
AWAKENING ON BRAHMA MUHURTA AND ITS UTILITY FOR HEALTHY AND BLISSFUL LIFE IN CURRENT ERA - A REVIEW
Authors: Sulakshana Jaybhaye , Manchak Kendre
Published: March 2021

Brahma Muhurta is the second last Muhurta, two Muhurta (one hour thirty-six minutes) before sunrise. It is best for good practices like Yoga, Pranayam, Dhyana, Atmagyana, Parmatma gyana, Adhyayana etc. for ultimate achievement. Awakening on Brahma Muhurta for good practices contributes health in all aspects as well as longevity. Aim of this study is to review the Brahma Muhurta concept from Vedic period to present era and its need for healthy and blissful life in current era. For this study Veda, Upveda, Brahmnak, Vedang Jyotishya, Brihatsamhita, Kautilya Shastra and Yoga Darshana are overlooked. Online search is completed using various related key words. Collective knowledge is utilized wherever necessary. It is found that Brahma- Muhurta is very auspicious Muhurta for good practices. Our Maharishis have experienced this Muhurta for good practices as well as super consciousness and lived healthy, blissful long life. In present century, lifestyle is significantly changed which is creating lot of instability in physical, mental, spiritual and social health hence beginning of healthy lifestyle with awakening on Brahma- Muhurta for good practices is needed for healthy and blissful life.
AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA – A CASE STUDY
Authors: Begam Momin Jasmin , Prasad Kulkarni , Vishwas Gogate
Published: March 2021

Bronchial asthma is a heterogenous disease with reciprocity between genetic and environmental factors. The different triggering factors increase the frequency and severity of breathing difficulty attacks. The use of modern medicines is restricted due to its various local as well systemic side effects. The clinical picture of bronchial asthma can be correlated with Tamakashwas as explained in Ayurveda. In the present case study, a 24 years old female patient having signs and symptoms of Tamakashwas has been discussed. The treatment was administered in accordance with Shodhana Chikitsa, Shamana Aushadhis and Sthanika Chikitsa. Nidana Parivarjana is strictly instructed in order to avoid the stimulation to internal pathology of the disease. The classical management helps in relieving the symptoms as well as lowers the recurrence of the breathing difficulty attacks. Regular counselling and practice of Parnayama contributes in boosting and refreshing her mind. The assessment was done by using the gradation scale which was adopted from de-veloping guidelines for clinical research methodology in Ayurveda. This Ayurvedic management helps in achieving the positive output with complete stoppage of use of inhaler over a period of 6 months.
MANAGEMENT OF SHEETPITTA THROUGH SHAMAN AND MRIDU SHODHAN - A CASE STUDY
Authors: Sharma Niranjan , Wane Yogesh , Joshi Prakash
Published: March 2021

Ayurveda is a classification of medicine with primeval origins in the Indian subcontinent. Ayurvedic therapies and practices have been integrated in universal wellness uses and in some cases in medical use. Changes in Lifestyle with development are very drastic. Diseased environment, junk food habits, work in shift duties, anxiety etc. are the main causative factors for vitiation of Tridosha and the demonstration of diseases in today’s era. There is dearth of information about Dincharya and Ritucharya in common people. Due to which People mainly gets exaggerated their gastrointestinal system first, and then other symptoms come subsequently. According to Ayurveda Sheetpitta is described as Tridoshaj Vyadhi (Disease), but Vata and Pitta Dosha are predominant and Ras and Rakta are main Dushya. Sheetapitta is one among the Twak Vikara that have related Hetu of Kotha and Udarda. Vata and Kapha are two “Doshas”, which are primarily bothered which in turn is associated through Pitta resulting in Tridosha Prakopa causing to redness, swelling itching on the skin etc. Chief symptoms of Sheetpitta are reddish spots, inflammation on skin with moderate to severe itching at site. It is compared with urticaria in modern science and termed as primary cutaneous disorder. An episode of it may start with pruritis. Episodes of urticaria may continue to revert for days, weeks, months or year if not cured properly. Urticaria is calculated as allergic reaction due to certain food and have only symptomatic treatment and anti-allergic drug. Commonly antihistaminic medicines were used for urticaria. In Ayurveda, treatment of Sheepitta includes Shodhana and Shamana Chikitsa. Here we discussed about a case study of Sheetpitta. where we give Ayurvedic treatment and results were found very encouraging.
WILSON’S DISEASE WITH AYURVEDIC APPROACH - A CASE STUDY
Authors: Rani Renu , Rathia Satyawati , V. K. Kori , K. S. Patel
Published: March 2021

Wilson disease is a rare, inherited autosomal recessive disease of copper metabolism. Loss of ATP7B func-tion leads various grades of reduced biliary excretion of copper accumulation and toxicity of copper in the liver, brain and other tissues results in liver toxicity and other myriad manifestations of the disease. In clas-sics there is no exact description of the disease entity which exactly matches the feature of Wilson disease, but it can be correlated with Sahaja Vyadhi or Janamjata Vyadhi. A 16-year-old female child diagnosed with Wilson disease complaints of improper gait, altered speech, chronic constipation and altered mental level etc. Investigation shows S. Ceruloplasmin- 0.4mg/dl, S. copper- within normal limit, slit lamp study for KF ring was positive. This patient was treated with Ayurvedic procedures i.e. Abhyanga, Swedana, Bas-ti and Nasya along with oral medication. After two treatment protocol patient got symptomatic relief in clin-ical features. So, it can be concluded that quality of life (QOL) of patients with chronic disease can be im-proved with the help of internal Ayurvedic medication along with Panchkarma procedure.
EVALUATION OF EFFECT OF VAITARANA BASTI AND UPANAHA SWEDA IN LOW BACK ACHE (KATI GRAHA) DUE TO SACROILITIS: A CASE REVIEW
Authors: N Swathi , Thakar Anup B.
Published: March 2021

According to WHO, low backache is one of the leading causes of disability affecting about 540 million people in the world. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of Vaitarana Basti and Upanaha Sweda in Katigraha (low backache) caused due to sacroiliitis. Methods: A female patient aged 28 years suffering from pain and stiffness in low back was taken in this study. Her VAS score was 6 and ODI (Oswestry disability index) was 36 (72%). The case was diagnosed as sacroiliitis through MRI. She was treated with Vaitarana Basti and Kolakulatthadi Upanaha Sweda. Results: VAS score was reduced to 1 and ODI-10 (20%). Conclusion: Significant improvement was found in the reduction of pain and stiffness due to Deepana, Pachana and Shoolahara properties of Dravya.
MANAGEMENT OF INFERTILITY BY AYURVEDIC APPROACH - A CASE REPORT
Authors: Monika Chauhan , Rita Makeem
Published: March 2021

A 32-year-old female patient complained of unable to conceive for the last 4 years. Patient had history of absent Rt. ovary and Rt. Tube and Lt. tubal blockage with multi cystic Lt. ovary. She was having history of T.O. Mass for which she underwent Rt. tube salpingectomy and right-side oophorectomy. Her HSG find-ings revealed Lt. tubal blockage. An Ayurveda regime including oral medications and Uttar Basti (Intrauter-ine medication) were planned for duration of 3 months. Post treatment HSG reveals patent Lt. fallopian tube and ultimately patient got conceived.
AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF PERICHONDRITIS (VIDARIKA) - A CASE STUDY
Authors: P. R Snehapriya , B. A Venkatesh
Published: March 2021

Ayurveda being the science of life deals with the detailed description & Management of all disease conditions. In our Samhitha the importance is given to all system equally. Ayurveda is mainly divided into study of 8 branches which includes Urdwajatrugata as one of the important branches. This science includes all the ailments & Description about the Vyadhis related to Urdwajatru i.e. structures above neck which include Netra (Eye), Karna (Ear), Nasa (Nose), Mukha (Oral) and Shiro (Head). Karna being the organ for hearing is given more importance in every Samhithas. Karna is divided into 3 parts Bahya Karna (Outer ear), Madhya Karna (Middle ear), Abhyanthara Karna (Inner ear). Here, in this article an attempt is made to discuss a case of Vidarika which is one among Karnapaliroga.
EFFICACY OF AGNIKARMA WITH SWARNA SHALAKA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF KARNINI YONIVYAPAD (CERVICAL EROSION) - A CASE REPORT
Authors: Chouksey Manju , Solanki Suresh Kumar , Dave Hetal H.
Published: March 2021

Nowadays Gynaecology OPD is full of cervical erosion patients, due to symptoms present in erosion are very much annoying. Erosion is the replacement of the stratified squamous epithelium of the ectocervix by the columnar epithelium of endocervix. The cervical erosion can be correlated with Karnini Yonivyapad. The case of cervical erosion was taken to evaluate the effect of Agnikarma with Swarna Shalaka. Present case study was undertaken in the OPD of Stree Roga and Prasuti Tantra Department L.N. Ayurved College and Hospital Bhopal, M.P. One sitting was given after 7th day of menstruation and the patients were fol-lowed up for two months. The effect of therapy was assessed on the basis of relief in signs and symptoms. The result shows that Agnikarma is an effective procedure for the management of cervical erosion, and Swarna Shalaka is a convenient medium having high efficacy in reliving the symptoms of erosion. So, this may be positively helpful in treating the cervical erosion.
MODIFIED KSHARSUTRA TECHNIQUE IN COMPLEX FISTULA IN ANO - A CASE STUDY
Authors: Gupta Rashmi
Published: March 2021

Fistula in ano is an anorectal disorder in which two openings are present. One is located near perianal re-gion and another is at anal canol or rectum. Fistula in ano is itself a challenging disease for patients because of mortality is not associated but daily routine life of patients become crushed. Ayurveda also said about Bhagandar (fistula in ano) that it is Kashta Shadhya Vyadhi i.e. difficult to treat because its take time and recurrence rate is also associated. But Ayurveda has described the Kshar sutra therapy for the treatment of fistula in ano which have high success rate, but time taken. With time, revolution has also come in Ayurve-dic treatment modalities for anorectal fistulas. A modified Ksharsutra technique is new technique for treatment of complex fistula in ano. The name of this technique is interception of fistulous tract and appli-cation of Ksharsutra (IFTAK). This technique has high success rate with minimal complication, early re-covery and there is no recurrence is associated. Cosmetically, this technique is good.
FACTORS THAT LED TO THE DECLINING STANDARD OF PRIMARY EDUCATION IN ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Jada Hamidu , Giginyu Ali , Mutah Muhammad
Published: March 2021

The study assesses the Factors that led to the Declining Standard of Primary Education in Adamawa State, Nigeria. The study involves 1,966 primary schools of Adamawa state and a total of 335 respondents. Percentage, Frequency and mean score statistical tools were used in analyzing the data. The general objectives of the study is to assess the Factors that led to Declining Standard of Primary Education in Adamawa State, Nigeria, below are the specific objectives: To identify the human factors that lead to the declining standard of primary education in Adamawa State, Nigeria. To identify the non- human factors that lead to the declining standard of primary education in Adamawa State, Nigeria and to develop policy and recommendation for the improvement of primary education in Adamawa State, Nigeria. The findings of the study indicated that highest average value 3.70 mean score of the factors led to declining standard of primary education in Adamawa state, Nigeria. The study recommended the following: Recruitment, training and regular teachers workshops, conducive learning environment must be provided by government, teachers salary scheme to be reviewed, adequate teaching materials to be provided, establishing good rapport between teachers and the community. Reviewing the Curriculum Structure and further research should be carried out periodically.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPLICATION AND ORGANIZATIONAL EFFICIENCY IN MANUFACTURING SECTOR IN RIVERS STATE
Authors: BEKURU Lemue , NWINYOKPUGI Patrick
Published: March 2021

The study was to investigate the relationship between artificial intelligence application and organizational efficiency in manufacturing sector in Rivers State. A descriptive research survey design was used for the study. The sample of the study is six (6) operational managers from each of the twenty six (26) registered manufacturing companies in Rivers state by manufacturing association of Nigeria (MAN) Rivers state chapter. The population of the study is twenty six (26) registered operational manufacturing companies in Rivers state. The researcher distributed 156 questionnaires to the respondents. The method of data collection was through questionnaires. Data from the distributed questionnaires was further analyzed, using the Pearson Product Moment Correction Coefficient. The hypotheses of the study were tested using Pearson’s product moment Correlation with aidof the statistical package for social science (SPSS). Findings revealed that, the predictor variable artificial intelligence and its dimension robotics, and electronic fund transfer have significant relationship with the measures of the criterion variable as innovation and cost reduction. Therefore, it was recommended among others that manufacturing sector should adopt the use of robot in their production process to bring about safety of their staff that might be working hazardous substances and in high risk sections of an organization.
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT LIFECYCLE AND ORGANISATIONAL DECISION MAKING OF PAINT MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: EDEBIRI Odiri , BESTMAN Anthonia
Published: March 2021

This study investigated the influence ofknowledge management lifecycle on organisational decision making of paint manufacturing companies in Rivers State. The study was operationalized with the dimensions of knowledge management lifecycle as knowledge identification, knowledge creation, knowledge storage and knowledge transfer. Organizational decision making was measured by timeliness and cost effectiveness.The target population of this study is all 51 registered paint manufacturing companies in Rivers State. Purposive sampling was used to select a sample of 90 respondents from 30 selected manufacturing companies in Rivers State. The study used cross-sectional survey approach and descriptive research design.The study was guided by five research questions and ten research hypotheses. Questionnaires were the major instrument used in gathering primary data which were analyzed using correlational analyses. The questionnaire used was subjected to face/content validity, this was done to ascertain the validity of the questionnaires to be administered. The scale used for this study had been previously adjudged reliable. However, we also checked by verifying reliability outcomes through confirmatory test of internal consistency on the instrument with our sample using Cronbach alpha at the threshold level 0.7 which is generally accepted by the rule of thumb. Data was analyzed and results presented in tables, mean and standard deviation. And, finally hypotheses were tested using the Spearman Rank Order Correlation Coefficient. The study found that knowledge management lifecycle significantly impact on organisational decision making. The study recommends that in order for paint manufacturing companies in Rivers State to maintain their hedge in this high rivalry economy, they should pay more attention to how knowledge within the organisation are effectively managed as this will facilitate an effective time management and cost optimisation within the organisation.
EXPLORING THE FACTORS PF WOMEN ENTERPRENEURES IN PAKISTAN
Authors:   Wuhan University of Science & Technology, China., Ali Akhtiar
Published: March 2021

Purpose- Female entrepreneurship is a famous building block of economy pay .it technique to create employment that could pay back to self-growth which ultimately leads to economic gr0w. it is smarty contracting With various economic and social barrier round the Globe. Economic inequality and jobless are main concerns to Pakistan in present days. Entrepreneurship s an asset which is able to climate all evil linked with economic prosperity In equalities and job creation. The prime focus of this investigation was to determine the social, cultural and economic insinuations of Women entrepreneurship and also determine the basis and motivational features obstructions and gender biasness. Methodology- This research S Exploratory in nature. Based on quantities data collected through a questionnaire from 250 female entrepreneurs from the whole Sind. Research hypotheses were Tested using one sample t-test though SPSS 17. Findings- The findings revealed that large number of women entrepreneurs begun their business with great motivation in raising monetary level monetary levels & their Finding institutions procedures they fail to achieve their objectives Statistical investigation indicate is an important between experience of business of the female entrepreneurs and their views about women entrepreneurship. Practical Implication- The findings are helpful for Government Financial & Not for Profit 0rganiszation to devise strategies to promote women entrepreneurship in Pakistan.
DO HR PARTICES AFFECT SERVICE QUALITY OF FRONT LINE STAFF
Authors: Cheema Farooq -E- Azam
Published: March 2021

The basic objective of this study was to examine the role of HR practices like recruitment and selection, training, performance appraisal and rewards management in enhancing overall service quality of the frontline staff in the hotel industry in Karachi, Pakistan. Hypothetic deductive approach was used for examining the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Customer service dimensions used in this study were derived from the SERVQUAL model that included frontline staff appearance, reliability of service, responsibility among the staff, assurance of job related knowledge and etiquette and empathy. For the purpose of study 15 hotels and restaurants of various sizes with minimum 30 frontline employees were chosen. Ten frontline employees from reception staff, waiters/waitresses, housekeeping employees were chosen using quota sampling for data collection. Opinion of the frontline staff was sought through structured questions as to how the four HR practices are likely to affect quality of five dimensions of the customer service quality. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire and integrated through SPSS. Results of study showed that the two HR practices; training and rewards management significantly affect the service quality of the frontline staff and this effect is far stronger than the effect of other HR practices. This research will not only bring significant practical implications for better human resource management in hospitality sector but also provide important indicators for future research. The future study may aim at identifying various internal and external factors that affect efficacy of various HR practices and policies and consequently their contribution in enhancing service quality of staff. Studies are also needed to identify further impediments obstructing the positive influence of recruitment and selection and appraisal practices on service behavior and quality of the staff. The role of various intervening or mediating variables such as employee collaboration, organization culture can also be probed further.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGE DIVERSITY AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT STYLE IN ORGANIZATIONS OF PAKISTAN
Authors:   Iqra University,  Karachi, Aqeel Beenish
Published: March 2021

Purpose- This research examines the impact of social media marketing on customer purchase intention in Pakistan perspective. Methodology- This research study is Quantitative in nature, instruments of this research is Questionnaire which is developed according to the scenario, covers all variables. The collected data analyzed on the SPSS version 15.0 with the help of Factor Analysis and multiple linear regression. Findings- The result reveals that the customer tries to find out the information regarding the brand as much as possible with ease. The result showed that the perceived quality has no significant relation with the purchase intention in the context of the social media marketing (because of the fake quality images in the advertisement through images and video commercials), whereas the information search has the positive significant relation with the purchase intention (because of the huge variety available at social media to explore various brands and make decision to purchase it.) last but not the least word of mouth this also shows the positive significant relations with purchase intention because this variable carries trust with itself. Implications- The findings are helpful for social media experts to devise strategies in order to appeal more and more customer.
EXPLORING THE EVIDENCE ON CHANGES IN TIME VARYING VOLATILITY AROUND BONUS AND RIGHT ISSUSE: A STUDY BASED ON KSE
Authors:   Institute of Business & Technology, Karachi., Tariq Muhammad
Published: March 2021

Purpose The purpose of this research article is understand the concept of resilience and risk management in relation to the challenges of risk and security associated to critical national infrastructure as well as from the effects of catastrophic events, with emphasis on the case scenario of Pakistan. The objectives of this research article include establishing the importance of resilience in the risk management approaches and how it is integrated in the organizational strategies and Governmental policies. Methodology/sampling- This is based on theoretical evolution and case study based approach to explore the depth of the issue related to critical national infrastructure and from catastrophic events. Findings- The article highlights the issues and risks associated to critical national infrastructure of the countries, with emphasis on the issues of critical national infrastructure of Pakistan. It analyzes the current status and need of establishing the resilient critical infrastructure in light of previous disastrous events in the country and discuss challenges associated with the development of the frameworks and strategies pertaining to the research question. Practical Implications- Our study recommends how to initiate the basic approach towards the development of a resilient national infrastructure.
Substantiation of expediency of the complex approach for supply chains management in the COVID-19 conditions
Authors:   National Aviation University, Hryhorak Mariia , DŹWIGOŁ Henryk , Trushkina Nataliia , Shkrygun Yuliya
Published: March 2021

The transformations of management approaches to global supply chain management under the influence of a pandemic were analyzed. Key barriers to supply chain development in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic have been identified: non-diversification of supply chains; instability of the logistic activity organization; stretched supply chains; lack of flexibility and a single information space for all sections of global logistics networks; the dominant role of China as a "world factory". Based on the analysis of development indicators of global supply chains dynamics new trends and patterns for the post pandemic period were revealed. While transparency from start to finish (end-to-end). The application of new technologies to ensure the transparency of supply chains was considered. Peculiarities and tendencies of supply chain development in Ukraine were researched. The expediency of applying an integrated approach to supply chain management taking into account global economic changes substantiated. The directions of transformation of global logistics networks determined in the post coronavirus epoch among them we can note the following: increasing the volume of special air cargo transportation – airlines are already redeploying the fleet for exceptional air freight services; increasing the number of cargo inspections and border control protocols; intensification of the introduction of digital technologies and e-commerce; reconfiguration of global chains.
Approach to intellectualization of complete supply chain management processes using fuzzy expert systems
Authors:   University “Kharkov Aviation Institute”, Romanenkov Yuri , Rahimi Yashar , Danova Mariia , Feoktystova Olena , Shostak Igor
Published: March 2021

”. It is shown that in order to increase the efficiency of the functioning of complete logistical supply chains (CLSC), it is necessary to develop special methodological tools, and, on their basis, software to facilitate decision-making on the timely formation of liquid consignments at the terminal sections of the chain of liquid goods. The article describes a fuzzy network of CLSC in the form of a hierarchical two-level nested Petri net (NPN), the upper level of which reproduces the process of functioning of the focal company as the central element of the CLSC, and each of the components of the lower level of the network model is an elementary Petri net reflecting the logistic processes at the terminal sections of the CLSC production of raw materials and sale of finished products. This article also gives a description of the procedure for creating a fuzzy network model for representing information about business processes that take place during the functioning of the CLSC, taking into account the existing time and resource constraints, in the form of a NPN, which is expanded by introducing fuzzy and temporal statements. Special methods of automated decision- making on the sustainable functioning of CLSCs are described and justified in terms of making a choice on the transport mode and optimal routing. Based on the developed methodological tools, the process of forming and providing the stable functioning of the CLSC for typical food products of the grocery group, namely dried fruits, is considered.
Efficiency of "lean management" application in business processes management of refrigeration equipment supply chain during the COVID crisis
Authors:   National Aviation University, Hryhorak Mariia , Shevchuk Liliya
Published: March 2021

The article reveals the main trends in the functioning of global supply chains in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and their impact on the activities of Ukrainian enterprises are identified. It is noted that the closure of borders between countries and the introduction of self-isolation regime caused a significant reduction in production capacity and the volume of international trade. Global supply chains have become very vulnerable and necessitate their revision and the search for alternative ways to deliver goods to end users. Since Ukraine is a country with an open market economy, this article summarizes the main challenges for import-dependent supply chains and makes proposals on ways to overcome them. The expediency of applying the concept of Lean-management in business processes management of refrigeration supply chains during a pandemic as a means of overcoming crisis situations and ensuring sustainable development are proved. The dynamics and structure analysis of the company LLC "Holod Engineering" income and expenses allowed to establish a tendency to reduce the profitability of the company's business and capital turnover, as well as increase the share of logistics costs in the production costs. The greatest impact on the growth of logistics costs have the inventory costs due to the processes of storage and orders completion and delivery delays, which lead to customer dissatisfaction and complaints. Methodical approaches to estimating the level of processes coordination in the supply chains of refrigeration equipment, calculation of supply lots optimal parameters, levels of raw materials and components stocks, production and storage capacity rationalization of the enterprise are substantiated. With the help of Shewhart's control charts, the coordination of business processes in the equipment supply chains were assessed and the sources of potential losses were identified. The technological and logistics processes optimization in terms of their cost, duration and quality of results takes into account not only individual processes of enterprises, but also interprocess connections between supply chain links. It is proposed to implement a number of organizational measures using the concept of lean management, which involves market integration, production process, procurement and sales in order to provide a high level of customer service. The efficiency of the proposed organizational changes and their impact on business profitability, inventory turnover, the amount of logistics costs and the quality of customer service are determined.
Evaluation of the investments efficiency in the development of the key component of the supply chain
Authors:   National University of Pharmacy, Olexander Sumets
Published: March 2021

Supply chains are unique logistics systems. Typically, such systems include a number of components. The key component is considered to be the producer enterprise, around which supply chains are organized. The efficiency and effectiveness of the supply chain largely depends on the level of development of the key component. In turn, the latter depends on effective investment. It is established that the practice of enterprises-producers, which are key components of supply chains, requires a qualitative economic justification of investment measures, which must be forecasted for the long term before their implementation. The article substantiates the need to assess the effectiveness of investment in the development of a key component of the supply chain based on a targeted approach. It is indicated that to assess the effectiveness of investment in the development of industrial enterprises should use absolute and relative cash flows, the values of which are used in the calculations of absolute and comparative effects, respectively. With this in mind, a targeted approach should be applied to improve the quality of assessing the effectiveness of investment in the development of manufacturing enterprises. The essence of the criterion indicator of net cash flow is thoroughly described. It is stated that the economic assessment of the comparative economic effect should be based on the definition of incremental indicators that reflect changes in the activities of the enterprise due to the investment of additional investments in the assets of its logistics system. The tree of maximizing the efficiency of investments in the main assets of the production logistics system of the enterprise is formalized. An approach to evaluating the effectiveness of investing funds in the production and logistics system of the enterprise is proposed.
The role of the airline as a logistics provider in the passenger travel chains involving air transport
Authors: Semeriahina Myroslava , Hryhorak Mariia
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the classification of air carrier as a logistics provider. Therefore, in the outsourcing pyramid of logistics providing, the place of the air carrier was determined taking into account its business model: legacy, low-cost, hybrid. Based on this, insourcing pyramid of airline logistics services involving air transport was developed and varieties of 3PL providers were identified: 3–PL, 3PL, 3+PL air carriers. 3–PL air carrier is a logistics provider that provides a range of services within the air supply / travel chain. 3PL air carrier is a logistics provider that provides a range of services in the full supply / travel chain, when booking individual components of such a chain is carried out through the websites of the air carrier and its partners. 3+PL air carrier is a logistics provider that provides a range of services in the full supply / travel chain, when booking such services is carried out integrated through the air carrier's website, and business processes are performed by the air carrier and its partners. It was studied the websites of airlines in order to find out the providing level of modern global passenger airlines operating on legacy, low-cost and hybrid business models and to identify the main trends among air carrier to ensure a complete passenger travel chain. The main feature of the world's air carriers is that most of them provide services at the level of 3PL-provider, and only the world's leading air carriers provide the organization of the passenger travel chain at the level of 3+PL-provider. The generalized scheme of providing for a passenger travel chain involving air transport for the purpose of definition of a role of each type of logistics provider and their collaboration in such chains was constructed. For example, 3–PL, 3PL, 3+PL air carriers can involve 2 PL-companies in the performance of business processes in the passenger chain. At the same time, the air carrier of 4PL-level will involve performers from 2 PL 3-PL, 3PL levels in the processes of the travel chain. On the virtual 5 PL platform, the passenger will independently choose performers from different levels of providing according to their own needs.
PRAVNA PITANjA RAZLICITIH MODELA OSIGURANjA LICA PREKO INTERNETA
Authors:   Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy, Marano Pierpaolo
Published: March 2021

Digitalization aff ects the whole value chain of the insurance business: from the design to the distribution of products and claims management. Peer-to-peer (P2P) is one of the new operating models enabled by digitalization. Th is chapter describes the diff erent models of P2P that are operating in the insurance markets. Th e aim is to outline some legal issues these models pose regarding the EU regulatory framework on insurance.
PRAVNO REGULISANjE INSURTECH KOMPANIJA – DA LI JE PRINCIP SRAZMERNOSTI ODGOVOR?
Authors:   University of Warsaw, Faculty of Law and Administration, Poland, Ostrowska Marta
Published: March 2021

In the view of the current discussion on how to regulate the emerging InsurTech companies, if at all, the author attempts to demonstrate that rather than automatically introducing new regulation, the principle of proportionality can help to adapt application of the existing rules and policy approaches to the InsurTech business models without incurring major regulatory change. An example of peer-to-peer platforms is used to show how the specifi city of each InsurTech company can be grasp by the three key criteria of proportionality – nature, scale and complexity.
NAKNADA ŠTETE USLIJED PRETRPLjENIH TJELESNIH POVREDA I SMRTI PREMA NOVOM ZAKONU O OBAVEZNOM OSIGURANjU U SAOBRAĆAJU FEDERACIJE BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE
Authors: Djokic Jasmina
Published: March 2021

Th e new Law on Compulsory Traffi c Insurance has recently entered into force in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. By enacting of this Law the high level of harmonization with EU-acquis has been achieved. Besides, the interstate harmonization, i.e. equalization with the same-named Law act in Republic of Srpska has also been achieved. Th e special characteristic of this Law that diff ers it from the similar acts in SEE region and wider, is regulating of the rules for determination of the scope of pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage occurred in a traffi c accident. Th e set of rules is prescribed in form of the Framework criteria for determining the compensation amount for injuries or death, which are an integral part of the Law. In this paperwork, the overview of the mentioned Framework criteria will be shown, as well as their importance with regards of legal certainty in determination of the scope of damage. Also, there is a discussion about overcoming the interstate confl ict of law that occurred by their enacting.
AUTO-ODGOVORNOST U SLUČAJU AUTOMATSKOG IZBORA
Authors:   University of Florence, Law School, Italy, Landini Sara
Published: March 2021

Automation has an important role in the reduction of human errors, but what about in case of losses caused by an automated vehicle? Who is liable? Th is paper addresses the issue of automation coverage for costs in the event of damage caused by an automated decision-making process. It will consider civil liability and insurance from the point of view of problems related to the proof of a causal nexus between wrongdoing and losses. Th e thesis that the paper proposes is that legal liability is not a suffi cient instrument to permit eff ective prevention and compensation in the case of damage caused by full algorithmic automation.