bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Service evaluation of an acute Parkinson's therapy pathway between hospital and home
Authors: Lovegrove Christopher J , Marsden Jonathan
Published: August 2020

Background

People with Parkinson's disease report that inpatient hospital environments do not replicate their home setup. A therapy pathway was developed integrating early home-based assessment, therapy sessions with photographs of key home areas, enhanced communication with community services, and staggered discharge.

Methods

Outcome measures (length of stay and readmissions within 14 days) in people with Parkinson's disease on the therapy pathway (n=5) were compared to those previously receiving standard care (n=5).

Results

Mean length of stay was 7.2 days shorter in the intervention group and their discharge Lindop Parkinson's mobility scale score was 39.4% higher. No difference was found in the Modified Barthel Index between the groups. Both groups had the same readmission rates. The pathway was accepted by both people with Parkinson's disease and clinicians.

Conclusions

The pathway reduced hospital length of stay and increased mobility in patients with Parkinson's disease. It was accepted by patients and clinicians and was feasible to integrate into current practice. The pathway warrants further evaluation.
Enabling people with communication and cognitive impairments to provide feedback on service satisfaction: development and reliability testing of an adapted pictorial questionnaire
Authors: Clarkson Katrina , Stokes Lynne Turner , Sacchett Carol , Ashford Stephen
Published: August 2020

Introduction/aims

Evaluation of patient satisfaction with health services is mandatory within the UK, but patients with communication difficulties are often excluded by their inability to complete written questionnaires. This study examines the test–retest reliability and agreement of an adapted, pictorial patient satisfaction questionnaire, based on the Talking Mats technique.

Methods

A total of 26 participants, who had a range of communication impairments resulting from brain injury, completed two questionnaires while in specialist rehabilitation: a standard written and adapted pictorial questionnaire, at two time points to evaluate test–retest reliability. Agreement between the two questionnaire formats was also examined.

Results

Test–retest reliability in overall scores between Time 1 and 2 was substantial for both the adapted pictorial questionnaire (k=0.72 [95% confidence interval 0.388, 0.76]) and the standard written questionnaire (ϰ=0.78 [95% confidence interval 0.74, 0.82]). Overall agreement between the two techniques was ϰ=0.76 (95% confidence interval 0.73, 0.79). Eighty-six per cent of questions for patients with aphasia showed at least ‘moderate’ agreement between the two questionnaire types compared with only 67% in participants with cognitive communication disorder.

Conclusions

The adapted pictorial questionnaire is a reliable tool for people with brain injury who have aphasia, enabling some patients to provide service satisfaction feedback who would have otherwise been excluded using a written questionnaire.
Trochanteric osteotomy in revision total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Sundaram Kavin , Siddiqi Ahmed , Kamath Atul F. , Higuera-Rueda Carlos A.
Published: August 2020

Trochanteric osteotomy is a technique that allows expanded exposure and access to the femoral canal and acetabulum for a number of indications. There has been renewed interest in variants of this technique, including the trochanteric slide osteotomy (TSO), extended trochanter osteotomy (ETO), and the transfemoral approach, for both septic and aseptic revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). Osteotomy fixation is crucial for achieving union, and wire and cable-plate systems are the most common techniques. TSO involves the creation of a greater trochanter fragment with preserved abductor attachment proximally and vastus lateralis attachment distally. This technique may be particularly useful in the setting of abductor deficiency or when augmented acetabular exposure is needed. ETO is a posterior-laterally based extensile approach that has been successfully utilized for aseptic and septic indications; most series report a greater than 90% rate of union. The transfemoral approach, as known as the Wagner osteotomy, is an extensile femoral approach and is more anterior-based than the alternate posterior-based ETO. It may be particularly useful for anterior-based approaches and anterior femoral remodelling; rates of union after this approach in most reports have been close to 100%.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:477-485. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190063
Clinical outcomes of kinematic alignment versus mechanical alignment in total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review
Authors: Roussot Mark Anthony , Vles Georges Frederic , Oussedik Sam
Published: August 2020

Although mechanical alignment (MA) has traditionally been considered the gold standard, the optimal alignment strategy for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is still debated. Kinematic alignment (KA) aims to restore native alignment by respecting the three axes of rotation of the knee and thereby producing knee motion more akin to the native knee. Designer surgeon case series and case control studies have demonstrated excellent subjective and objective clinical outcomes as well as survivorship for KA TKA with up to 10 years follow up, but these results have not been reproduced in high-quality randomized clinical trials. Gait analyses have demonstrated differences in parameters such as knee adduction, extension and external rotation moments, the relevance of which needs further evaluation. Objective improvements in soft tissue balance using KA have not been shown to result in improvements in patient-reported outcomes measures. Technologies that permit accurate reproduction of implant positioning and objective measurement of soft tissue balance, such as robotic-assisted TKA and compartmental pressure sensors, may play an important role in improving our understanding of the optimum alignment strategy and implant position.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:486-497. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190093
Ankle fractures in diabetic patients
Authors: Gougoulias Nikolaos , Oshba Hesham , Dimitroulias Apostolos , Sakellariou Anthony , Wee Alexander
Published: August 2020

Surgical complications are more common in patients with complicated diabetes (presence of inner organ failure, neuropathy). Of all patients undergoing ankle fracture fixation, approximately 13% are diabetic and 2% have complicated diabetes mellitus. Non-operative management of ankle fractures in patients with complicated diabetes results in an even higher rate of complications. Insufficient stability of ankle fractures (treated operatively, or non-operatively) can trigger Charcot neuroarthropathy, and result in bone loss, deformity, ulceration, and the need for amputation. Rigid fixation is recommended. Hindfoot arthrodesis (as primary procedure or after failed ankle fracture management) can salvage the limb in approximately 80% of patients. Early protected weight bearing can be allowed, provided rigid fixation without deformity has been achieved.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:457-463. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.200025
Image fusion based on multiscale transform and sparse representation to enhance terahertz images
Authors: Mao Qi , Zhu Yunlong , Lv Cixing , Lu Yao , Yan Xiaohui , Wei Dongshan , Yan Shihan , Liu Jingbo
Published: August 2020

High-quality terahertz (THz) images are vital to integrated circuit (IC) manufacturing. Due to the unique sensitivity of THz waves to different materials, the images obtained from the point-spread function (PSF) model have fewer image details and less texture information in some frequency bands. This paper presents an image fusion technique to enhance the resolution of THz IC images. The source images obtained from the PSF model are processed by a fusion method combining a multiscale transform (MST) and sparse representation (SR). The low-pass band is handled by sparse representation, and the high-pass band is fused by the conventional “max-absolute” rule. From both objective and visual perspectives, four popular multiscale transforms—the Laplacian pyramid, the ratio of low-pass pyramids, the dual-tree complex wavelet transform and the curvelet transform—are thoroughly compared at different decomposition levels ranging from one to four. This work demonstrates the feasibility of using image fusion to enhance the resolution of THz IC images.
Radiometric approach for the detection of picophytoplankton assemblages across oceanic fronts
Authors: Lange Priscila Kienteca , Jeremy Werdell P. , Erickson Zachary K. , Dall’Olmo Giorgio , Brewin Robert J. W. , Zubkov Mikhail V. , Tarran Glen A. , Bouman Heather A. , Slade Wayne H. , Craig Susanne E. , Poulton Nicole J. , Bracher Astrid , Lomas Michael W. , Cetinić Ivona
Published: August 2020

Cell abundances of Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus, and autotrophic picoeukaryotes were estimated in surface waters using principal component analysis (PCA) of hyperspectral and multispectral remote-sensing reflectance data. This involved the development of models that employed multilinear correlations between cell abundances across the Atlantic Ocean and a combination of PCA scores and sea surface temperatures. The models retrieve high Prochlorococcus abundances in the Equatorial Convergence Zone and show their numerical dominance in oceanic gyres, with decreases in Prochlorococcus abundances towards temperate waters where Synechococcus flourishes, and an emergence of picoeukaryotes in temperate waters. Fine-scale in-situ sampling across ocean fronts provided a large dynamic range of measurements for the training dataset, which resulted in the successful detection of fine-scale Synechococcus patches. Satellite implementation of the models showed good performance (R2 > 0.50) when validated against in-situ data from six Atlantic Meridional Transect cruises. The improved relative performance of the hyperspectral models highlights the importance of future high spectral resolution satellite instruments, such as the NASA PACE mission’s Ocean Color Instrument, to extend our spatiotemporal knowledge about ecologically relevant phytoplankton assemblages.
Coscinodiscus diatom inspired bi-layered photonic structures with near-perfect absorptance accompanied by tunable absorption characteristics
Authors: Zaman Sameia , Hassan Mohammad Muntasir , Hasanuzzaman M. , Baten Md Zunaid
Published: August 2020

Inspired by the morphology of Coscinodiscus species diatom, bi-layered photonic structures comprised of dielectric-filled nano-holes of varying diameters have been designed and analyzed to enhance and tune absorption characteristics of GaAs-based thin-film photonic devices. Finite difference time domain-based numerical analysis and effective medium approximation based theoretical calculations show that by adjusting diameter and areal density of the nano-holes of the two layers, the peak absorption wavelength can be tuned over a wide spectral range, while attaining a maximum peak-absorptance value of about 97% and a maximum absorption bandwidth of ∼ 190 nm. The maximum enhancement factor of the bi-layered structure is about 11% higher than the value obtained for its equivalent single-layered counterpart over the near-ultraviolet to visible regime of the spectra. High absorptance over a wide-angle for TM polarization and tunable angle-dependent absorption characteristics for TE polarization are also obtained for the proposed ultra-thin absorbers. It has been shown that instead of having misaligned pore-centers as in Coscinodiscus species diatoms, a bi-layered structure designed with layers of identical lattice constant offers significant flexibility in terms of design and practical realization of thin-film photonic devices.
Wavelength dependence of ice cloud backscatter properties for space-borne polarization lidar applications
Authors: Okamoto Hajime , Sato Kaori , Borovoi Anatoli , Ishimoto Hiroshi , Masuda Kazuhiko , Konoshonkin Alexander , Kustova Natalia
Published: August 2020

We investigated the use of backscatter properties of atmospheric ice particles for space-borne lidar applications. We estimated the average backscattering coefficient (β), backscatter color ratio (χ), and depolarization ratio (δ) for ice particles with a wide range of effective radii for five randomly oriented three-dimensional (3D) and three quasi-horizontally oriented two-dimensional (2D) types of ice particle using physical optics and geometrical integral equation methods. This is the first study to estimate the lidar backscattering properties of quasi-horizontally oriented non-pristine ice crystals. We found that the χ–δ relationship was useful for discriminating particle types using Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) data. The lidar ratio (S)–δ relationship, which is determined using space-borne high-spectral-resolution lidar products such as EarthCARE ATLID or future space-borne lidar missions, may also produce robust classification of ice particle types because it is complementary to the χ–δ relationship.
Multimodal imaging with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and photoacoustic remote sensing microscopy
Authors: Martell Matthew T. , Haven Nathaniel J. M. , Zemp Roger J.
Published: August 2020

We develop a multimodal imaging platform, combining depth-resolved scattering contrast from spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) with complementary, non-contact absorption contrast using photoacoustic remote sensing (PARS) microscopy. The system provides a widefield OCT mode using a telecentric scan lens, and a high-resolution, dual-contrast mode using a 0.26 numerical aperture apochromatic objective. An interlaced acquisition approach is used to achieve simultaneous, co-registered imaging. The SD-OCT modality provides a 9.7 µm axial resolution. Comprehensive in vivo imaging of a nude mouse ear is demonstrated, with the SD-OCT scattering intensity revealing dermal morphology, and PARS microscopy providing a map of microvasculature.
Electrically pumped continuous-wave O-band quantum-dot superluminescent diode on silicon
Authors: Lu Ying , Cao Victoria , Liao Mengya , Li Wei , Tang Mingchu , Li Ang , Smowton Peter , Seeds Alwyn , Liu Huiyun , Chen Siming
Published: August 2020

High-power, broadband quantum-dot (QD) superluminescent diodes (SLDs) are ideal light sources for optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging systems but have previously mainly been fabricated on native GaAs- or InP-based substrates. Recently, significant progress has been made to emigrate QD SLDs from native substrates to silicon substrates. Here, we demonstrate electrically pumped continuous-wave InAs QD SLDs monolithically grown on silicon substrates with significantly improved performance thanks to the achievement of a low density of defects in the III-V epilayers. The fabricated narrow-ridge-waveguide device exhibits a maximum 3 dB bandwidth of 103 nm emission spectrum centered at the O-band together with a maximum single facet output power of 3.8 mW at room temperature. The silicon-based SLD has been assessed for application in an OCT system. Under optimized conditions, a predicted axial resolution of

∼

5.3

µ

m

is achieved with a corresponding output power of 0.66 mW/facet.
Super-resolution optical classifier with high photon efficiency
Authors: Zhang He , Kumar Santosh , Huang Yu-Ping
Published: August 2020

We propose and demonstrate a photon-efficient optical classifier to overcome the Rayleigh limit in spatial resolution. It utilizes mode-selective sum-frequency generation and single-pixel photon detection to resolve closely spaced incoherent sources based on photon counting statistics. Super-resolving and photon efficient, this technique can find applications in microscopy, light detection and ranging, and astrophysics.
Carrier phase recovery friendly probabilistic shaping scheme based on a quasi-Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution model
Authors: Wang Xishuo , Zhang Qi , Yu Jianjun , Xin Xiangjun , Lv Kai , Gao Ran , Ren Jianxin , Tian Feng , Tian Qinghua , Wang Chuxuan , Pan Xiaolong , Wang Yongjun , Guo Dong , Yang Leijing
Published: August 2020

A novel probabilistic shaping (PS) scheme based on the quasi-Maxwell–Boltzmann (quasi-MB) distribution model is proposed in order to solve the incompatibility between PS and carrier phase recovery (CPR) algorithms, such as blind phase search (BPS) and principal component-based phase estimation (PCPE). In the proposed quasi-MB model, the same occurrence probability is assigned to each constellation point on the same square-ring, rather than on the same circle. Signals obeying the quasi-MB model have superior CPR friendliness compared to traditional PS signals. For a PS 64 quadrature amplitude modulation system, the simulation results indicate up to 51% and 21% normalized generalized mutual information (NGMI) improvements for PCPE and BPS, respectively. Experimental verification of the proposed quasi-MB scheme was demonstrated in a 10 Gbaud coherent detection system. The results show that when the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) is low, the quasi-MB model can help the BPS algorithm to achieve better NGMI performance and, when the OSNR is high, the proposed model can also solve the incompatibility between the PCPE algorithm and PS.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PENOLIC COMPOUNDS OF LEAVES AND FRUITS OF OLEA EUROPAEA L.
Authors: Paliy Anfisa Evgenievna , Paliy Ivan Nikolayevich , Startseva Ol'ga Valentinovna
Published: August 2020

European olive (Olea europaea L.) is one of the oldest cultivated plants on Earth. In addition to the nutritional value of the fruit, medications made from different parts of the olive are of great importance cause they exhibit a wide range of pharmacological action. The main objective of the present study was a comparative analysis of the content of phenolic compounds in the leaves and fruits of varieties and subspecies of European olives growing in the climatic conditions of the Southern Coast of Crimea. Total phenolics and flavonoids were determined spectrophotometrically. HPLC with diode-array detection was applied to determine individual components. As a result of the comparative study of the phenolic compounds of leaves and fruits in four varieties and one subspecies of olives it was found that total phenolics in the leaves of olives are in the range of 740–980 mg/100 g (on a wet weight basis) and total phenolics in fruits are in the range of 840–1260 mg/100 g (on a wet weight basis). Flavonoids content in the leaves is in the range of 190–312 mg/100 g and in the range of 59–990 mg/100 g in the fruits. Luteolin-7-O-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, rutin and oleuropein were identified among the phenolics of leaves and fruits. It was found that the oleuropein was a majour component either in leaves or in fruits of four varieties of olives but rutin was a majour component in the fruits of the O. europaea subsp. cuspidata subspecies. The content of flavonoids and oleuropein in the leaves and fruits of the most frost-resistant variety Nikitskaya turned out to be the lowest among all the studied samples. It may be related to the participation of these substances during preparation of the variety to the effects of below-freezing temperatures. It has been shown that the content of phenolic compounds in leaves and fruits of O. europaea depends on the variety and agroclimatic growing conditions.
HYDROBORATION-OXIDATION OF GLYCIRRETHIC ACID’S DERIVATIVES
Authors: Vydrina Valentina Afanasievna , Yakovleva Marina Petrovna , Kravchenko Aleksey Aleksandrovich , Sayakhov Rasul' Rustemovich , Ishmuratov Gumer Yusupovich
Published: August 2020

The hydroboration-oxidation reaction is widely used in the chemistry of terpenoids both for proving the structure of new compounds isolated from natural raw materials and for the directed synthesis of low molecular weight bioregulators. Moreover, most of the known examples affect mono- and sesquiterpenes, a much smaller number - for di- and triterpenoids: most are represented by hydroboration-oxidation of localized double bonds, examples for conjugated dienes are limited only by hydroboration-oxidation of cis-eudesma-6,11-diene, abietic acid and its methyl ester.

We found that the reduction of the pentacyclic triterpenoid – glycyrrhetate methyl ester – diisobutylaluminium hydride in methylene chloride at -78 ° С and subsequent hydrolysis in the presence of ammonium chloride proceeds with the formation of 3β,30-dihydroxy-18βH-olean-9(11),12(13)-diene with a yield of 90%. It was shown that the hydroboration of the 1,3-diene system in it with a 3.3 molar excess of diborane in tetrahydrofuran is accompanied by the restoration of the carboxyl function, and after oxidation with the hydrogen peroxide-sodium acetate system of the organoboranes formed, three alcohols are mixed (2 : 1 : 1): 3β,11,30-trihydroxy-18βH-olean-12(13)-ene, 3β,12,30-trihydroxy-18βH-olean-9(11)-ene and 3β,9,30-trihydroxy-18βH-olean-12 (13)-ene, respectively. A similar mixture of triols was also obtained by hydroboration-oxidation of 3β-hydroxy-18βH-olean-9(11),12(13)-diene-30-oic acid. The hydroboration-oxidation reactions of 3β,30-dihydroxy-18βH-olean-9(11),12(13)-diene or the corresponding 30th acid proceed as monoprocesses predominantly at 9(11) double bonds.
THE INFLUENCE OF GENOTYPE AND CULTIVATION CONDITIONS OF OATS IN THE CONTENTS OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPONENTS IN GRAIN
Authors: Gerasimov Sergey Aleksandrovich , Polonskiy Vadim Igorevich , Sumina Alena Vladimirovna , Surin Nikolay Aleksandrovich , Lipshin Aleksey Gennad'yevich , Zyute Sanita Aldonovna
Published: August 2020

With the aim of studying the influence of genotype and climatic conditions on the content of β-glucans, fat and protein in grain, oat samples were grown in the Krasnoyarsk territory region and the Republic of Khakassia for three years. The object was 1 naked and 2 husked samples of oats of Krasnoyarsk selection. The content of β-glucans and fat was measured on an automatic grain analyzer Infratec Analyzer 1241 using 50 ml cuvette. In parallel, standard methods were used to measure other chemical and physical characteristics of oat grain: protein content in the grain, its filminess, weight of 1000 grains. It was found that the husked samples formed a grain with a content of β-glucan in it about 3% and naked over 4%, while a noticeable advantage of the naked sample compared with the husked in the content of protein and fat in the grain was found. Cultivation of different oat samples in two geographical areas of Eastern Siberia for three years showed insignificant positive impact of climatic conditions of Khakassia on the content of β-glucans in grain, its size and filthiness and negative impact on fat and protein content. Comparison of the content of β-glucans and fat in oat grain of three varieties from two geographical points revealed a significant effect of the genotype (63.6 and 66.6%, respectively) and a slight influence of the point of cultivation, as well as the interaction of the genotype×point. The existence of strong negative links between the weight of 1000 grains and the content of β-glucans, fat or protein in the grain, as well as strong positive reliable links between the content of β-glucans and fat in the grain.
THE STUDY OF SORPTION PROPERTIES OF PEAT DEPOSITS IN THE KIROV REGION
Authors: Adamovich Tat'yana  Anatol'yevna , Zaytsev Mikhail Aleksandrovich , Beresneva Yelena Vladimirovna
Published: August 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the sorption properties of peat. The ability of low-level peat of two deposits of the Kirov region to absorb heavy metals (HM) was studied (using lead ions as an example). It is shown that humic substances are the most important component of peat, determining its sorption properties. Based on the analysis of the physicochemical properties of peat, an attempt was made to reveal the reasons for the difference in the sorption properties of peat of different deposits. The content of heavy metals, moisture, organic matter, mobile aluminum, the ash content of peat, and the pH of an aqueous extract from peat were studied in peat. The research results showed that the content of HM in peat practically does not affect its sorption properties. At the same time, they suggest that the ash content and moisture content may affect the sorption value. The content of HM in low-lying peat of the studied deposits of the Kirov region does not exceed the MPC/UEC. Biotesting of peat samples was carried out on two test objects – on the change in bioluminescence of the bacterial test system «Ekolyum» and on mortality Daphnia magna. The results of the biotesting testify that the studied samples are not toxic. The authors believe that the results of the studies allow us to recommend the peat of the studied deposits of the Kirov region for practical use as a heavy metal sorbent.Keywords: lowland peat, humic acids, physico-chemical properties of peat, sorption capacity.
USE OF THE WALNUT SHELL (JUGLANS REGIA) AS A SORPTION MATERIAL TO REMOVE POLLUTANTS FROM NATURAL AND WASTE WATER
Authors: Shaykhiyev Il'dar Gil'manovich , Sverguzova Svetlana Vasil'yevna , Shaykhiyeva Karina Il'darovna , Sapronova Zhanna Anuarovna
Published: August 2020

The literature data on the crushed walnut shells usageas a sorption material for metal ions, dyes and some organic compounds removal from aqueous media are summarized. Trees of the Juglans regia species are widespread in Russia; their shells are natural annually replenished material that is of industrial importance and can be used as sorption material for the extraction of many pollutants from aquatic environments. The paper gives a characteristic of the walnut shell, shows the indicators of the main substances that make up the shell (cellulose, lignin, hemicellululose), indicates the approximate specific surface area for BET and the content of functional groups. The results of studies of the adsorption of metal ions and and some dyes adsorption by walnut shellsare considered. The values of sorption indices for the studied pollutants are given. It is shown that it is possible to increase the sorption characteristics by chemical modification of the Juglans regia shell. It is determined that sorption isotherms in most cases are more fully described by the Langmuir model, and the process kinetics in all cases obeys the pseudo-second order model.
JUSTIFICATION OF THE METHODS FOR THE QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF FLA-VONOIDS IN THE GRASS OF SPECIES OF THE GENUS MONARDA
Authors: Kurkin Vladimir Aleksandrovich , Lapina Anastasiya Sergeyevna
Published: August 2020

The herb of plants of the genus Monarda L. is most often known for its essential oil the main components of which are thymol and carvacrol. However flavonoids contained in the raw materials of this plant are of great interest. The literature reports on the presence in the herb of species of the genus Monarda L. quercetin, luteolin, rutin, hesperidin, naringinin; howeve, these data are contradictory. It is known that when determining the content of the amount of flavonoids, recalculation is carried out in different cases for luteolin or rutin, which have different spectrum characteristics. This paper discusses the results of a comparative study of the flavonoid composition of some species of the genus Monarda: Monarda fistulosa L., Monarda didyma L., Monarda bradburiana L. Back., Monarda citriodora L., Monarda × medioides W.H.Duncan as a promising source of biologically active compounds. As a result of a comparative chromatographic study, the presence of flavonoids was detected upon detection at a wavelength of 366 nm and after treatment with an alcohol solution of aluminum chloride. In all treatments, the presence of cynaroside, rutin, quercetin, luteolin is not confirmed. Using column chromatography on silica gel L 40/100, from the herb of Monarda fistulosa the flavonoid substances for the first time were isolated – isorhoifolin (7-O-rutinoside of apigenin) and linarin (7-O-rutinoside of acacetin), which have n-butanol–acetic acid–water (4 : 1 : 2) in the solvent system Rf values are about 0.5 and 0.6, respectively, and also dimydin (7-O-rutinoside of sakuranetin). It was determined that in all UV spectra of extracts from herb of studied species of the genus Monarda of the species, a bathochromic shift of the long-wavelength band is observed in the presence of 3% alcoholic solution aluminum chloride, which confirms the presence of flavonoids. Under the conditions of differential spectrophotometry, an absorption maximum is observed in the region of 392–396 nm, which indicates the feasibility of using isorhoifolin in the analysis technique with an absorption maximum at a wavelength of 394 nm. As a result of the work a method of quantitative determination of the amount of flavonoids of the herb of the Monarda has been developed. The optimal parameters were determined: 60% ethyl alcohol, the ratio of "raw material to extractant" – 1 : 50, extraction time – 60 minutes, analytical wavelength at 394 nm. It was determined that the content of the total of flavonoids calculated on isorhoifolin in all samples studied varies from 4.53% to 8.73%.
THE EFFECT OF SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE EXTRACTION OF AMARANTH OILCAKE ON THE YIELD OF THE EXTRACT AND ITS SQUALENE CONTENT
Authors: Sanoev Akbar Isomiddinovich , Shakhnoza Komilovna  , Mukarramov Nuriddin Isomiddinovich , Rakhmanberdyevа Rano Karimovna , Malikova Mavjuda Khafizovna , Mezhlumyan Larisa Gaikovna , Sagdullaev Shamansur Shakhsaidovich , Gusakova Svetlana Dmitrievna
Published: August 2020

The contents and compositions of the oil, carbohydrates and protein of oil cake of amaranth of the universal variety «Kharkovsky-1» were studied. It was found that cake contains up to 4.5% oil with 5.4% squalene, 65.95% crude carbohydrates with a predominance (50.55%) of water-soluble polysaccharides and 27.7% protein. The effect of a pressure of 80–200 bar and an extraction time of 30–120 min with CO2 extraction on the yield of the crude extract, the oil phase of the extract and the content of squalene in them was studied. It was found that the optimal conditions are a pressure of 90 bar and an extraction time of 30 minutes at a temperature of 50 °C; under these conditions, 6.6% crude CO2 extract with 17.8% squalene was obtained. Experiments with supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of oilcake impregnated with ethanol with a hydromodule feed: a 2 : 1 co-solvent showed that ethanol does not significantly affect the squalene content in the oil phase of the CO2 extract. More than 62.4% of crude carbohydrates consisting of 3.0% alcohol-soluble sugars, 42.2% water-soluble polysaccharides, 7.8% pectin substances, 2.4% hemicelluloses and 7.0% fiber were found in meal after CO2 extraction of oilcake. The protein content in amaranth meal after CO2 extraction was 22.6%.
COMPONENT COMPOSITION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF GENUS VIOLA (VIOLACEAE) OF RUSSIAN FLO-RA
Authors: Petrova Natal'ya Valeriyevna , Medvedeva Nina Anatol'yevna
Published: August 2020

The subject of the review is the component composition and biological activity of species of genus Viola L. (Violaceae) from the flora of the Russian Federation according publications appeared over the past few decades. Chemical constituents and biological activities have been reported for 24 species of the 100 Viola species occurring in Russian. Components of various structures: flavonoids, cyclotides, anthocyanidins, phenylpropanoic acids, coumarins, alkaloids, fatty acids and its derivatives and ect. were found in the roots, aerial parts, flowers and leaves. Composition of 137 flavonoids, alkaloids, coumarins etc. was expanded with references to their chemical formulas and literature sources. Data of the essential oils isolated from the leaves of V. tricolor L., V. arvensis Murray, V. yedoensis Makino и V. odorata L. is systematized. It was demonstrated that extracts, their fractions, and some components showed different types of biological activity, including anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and antiviral ones. The revealed range of biological activity partially confirmed expediency of using species of genus Viola in folk and standard practice medicine.
SELECTION OF OPTIMAL CONDITIONS FOR ACCUMULATION AND EXTRACTION OF PHENOLIC COM-POUNDS FROM BIOTECHNOLOGICAL RAW MATERIALS OF IRIS L. REPRESENTATIVES
Authors: Tikhomirova Lyudmila Ivanovna , Bazarnova Natal'ya Grigor'yevna , Bondarev Aleksandr Aleksandrovich , Ponomareva Yaroslava Viktorovna , Mironova Steniya Olegovna
Published: August 2020

For optimal accumulation of biomass and phenolic compounds (flavonoids, tannins, xanthones, hydroxycinnamic acids) from Iris sibirica and Iris spuria in tissue culture, it is desirable to use a medium containing 1.0 to 2.5 µm BAP. The high content of cytokinin caused a stressful situation, at the first stage of which there was a mass formation of adventitious and axillary shoots, then with an increase in the concentration of the hormone, the reproduction coefficient decreased, the plants stopped reproducing, stopped growing and died. In extreme conditions, phenolic compounds are spent on the performance of protective functions, in connection with which there was a drop in their overall level in the tissues of irises.

For biotechnological raw materials of Iris L. representatives, the efficiency of subcritical sequential extraction was compared with traditional methods (in Soxlet type apparatus). In subcritical conditions have been removed more flavonoids and tannins: in fraction 96% ethanol of flavonoids and tannins – in 2 times; at a fraction of 60% ethanol flavonoids – 2 times, tanning – 3 times; at a fraction of the water of flavonoids in 3 times, tanning – 1.4 times. The water in the apparatus of soxlet extracted 1.3 times more hydroxycinnamic acids than in subcritical conditions.

The ratio of condensed and hydrolyzable tannins tannins in aeroponic raw material of Iris sibirica L. varieties Sterkh traditional extraction was determined as 13 : 1, the extraction in subcritical conditions 8 : 1.
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF A COMPOSITE MATERIAL BASED ON CALCIUM HYDROPHOSPHATE AND A SUBSTRATE FROM ASPEN BARK
Authors: Belash Mikhail Yur'yevich , Korol'kova Irina Vladimirovna , Veprikova Yevgeniya Vladimirovna , Bondarenko Galina Nikolayevna , Korol'kova Irina Vladimirovna , Fetisova Ol'ga Yur'yevna , Chesnokov Nikolay Vasil'yevich
Published: August 2020

The physicochemical properties of the composite material obtained by sequentially impregnating the substrate from aspen bark with water solutions of KH2PO4 and CaCl2 under certain conditions were studied. Using the method of X-ray phase analysis, it was found that the main products of the interaction of KH2PO4 and CaCl2, which flows from the aspen bark on the substrate surface, are CaHPO4 and KCl. In this case, calcium chloride is present in the obtained composite material in the form of a complex compound CaCl2·Ca(OH)2·H2O. Using IR-spectral analysis, it was revealed that there is no interaction between the functional groups of the aspen bark substrate and mineral compounds during the preparation of the composite material. Based on thermal analysis data, the catalytic effect of the mineral components that make up the developed composite material on the decomposition of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin that make up the substrate from aspen bark is revealed. It was found that the composite material modified with CaHPO4 is characterized by increased water resistance and after treatment with water at room temperature for 24 hours, 9.85% of phosphates are removed from it (from their initial content). This allows one to use the resulting composite material based on aspen bark as a delayed-action fertilizer.
STUDY OF THE ADSORPTION PROPERTIES OF PLANT CELLULOSE WITH RESPECT TO NICKEL IONS
Authors: Kuznetsova Tat'yana Andreyevna , Pestov Nikolay Aleksandrovich , Revin Viktor Vasil'yevich
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we studied the sorption properties of cellulose isolated from sugar beet pulp in relation to Ni2+. Plant cellulose from sugar beet pulp was isolated by successive acid and alkaline extraction, the effectiveness of which was evaluated by infrared spectroscopy. The sorption test showed that cellulose extracted from sugar beet pulp sorbed the main amount of Ni2+ within 1 hour. The maximum sorption capacity of cellulose from beet pulp pulp was 5.01 mmol Nh2+ per 1 kg of dry cellulose from pulp beet pulp. The amount of sorbed Ni2+ depended on the initial Ni2+ concentration in the solution. The most effective recovery of Ni2+ occurred from solutions with a Ni2+ concentration no more than 23.17 μmol/l, allowing to achieve a degree of recovery of this heavy metal of 67.9%. An increase in the initial concentration of Ni2+ in the solution resulted in a reduction in the degree of recovery of this element to 18.6%, which indicates the feasibility of using cellulose from sugar beet pulp for purification of water contaminated with nickel compounds in low concentrations. Comparison of the efficiency of Ni2+ sorption at different pH values showed that this process is pH dependent and the amount of sorbed Ni2+ and the degree of recovery of Ni2+ by cellulose from sugar beet pulp increased with increasing of pH values from 3.0 to 7.0.
FEATURES OF THE COMPOSITION OF FLAVONOIDS IN THE CROWNED SAW-WORT (SERRATULA CORONATA L.S.L.) SIBERIA AND THE FAR EAST OF RUSSIA
Authors: Myagchilov Aleksey Viktorovich , Sokolova Larisa Ivanovna , Gorovoy Petr Grigor'yevich , Kechaikin Aleksey Anatol'yevich
Published: August 2020

One of the common plants in Siberia and the Far East of Russia, but little studied, is the crowned saw-wort (Serratula coronata L.s.l.) of the aster family (Asteraceae). The value of this plant is determined by its high content of phytoecdysteroids and flavonoids. From the aerial part (leaves, stems) of S. coronata L.s.l., growing in Siberia (Altai Region), by liquid extraction methods (70% ethanol) and preparative column chromatography on silica gel in the gradient elution mode with a mixture of solvents (carbon tetrachloride and ethyl alcohol), 2 flavonoids were isolated: quercetin-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, luteolin-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. Identification of the isolated compounds was carried out by UV-, NMR-13C-, 1H, 13C-HMBC-spectroscopy and electrospray mass spectrometry. The reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was the first to investigate the qualitative composition and quantitative content of individual flavonoids in S. coronata L.s.l. plants growing in Altai and in the Primorsky region of the Russian Federation. The composition of flavonoid glycosides and the distribution of their aglycones in Siberian and Far Eastern plants differ and this can be considered a chemotaxonomic trait of the species S. coronata L.s.l. The spectrophotometry method was used to determine the sum of flavonoids in the aerial organs of crowned saw-wort growing in Altai and Primorsky region. The content of flavonoids in the leaves of the plant (6.7–8.3%) exceeds their content in the stems (0.5–0.9%). Crowned saw-wort sickle is a potential source of biologically active compounds of this class.
STUDIES OF THE ORGANIC ORIGIN CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OF BROWN COALS AND CARBONIZED PLANT RESIDUES FROM NORTHERN TIMAN
Authors: Kocheva Lyudmila Sergeyevna , Karmanov Anatoliy Petrovich , Lutoev Vladimir Pavlovich , Pokryshkin Sergey Aleksandrovich
Published: August 2020

The results of the physical and chemical studies of the organic matter of Devonian brown coals and rocks with carbonized plant residues from Northern Timan (Russian Arctic) are presented. We used a complex of physical and chemical methods, including IR spectroscopy, EPR spectroscopy, quantitative chemical analysis, pyrolytic gas chromato-mass spectrometry. For comparative studies we used Devonian (Middle Timan) and Jurassic (Griva, Komi Republic, Russia) carbonized plant residues and lignins, isolated from modern wood and non-wood plants. Organic structures of aromatic nature, which are products of the metamorphic transformation of lignins of coal-forming plants, were found in the investigated samples. It was shown that lignin’s relics show pronounced paramagnetic properties, mainly due to the presence of phenoxyl radicals. The concentration of paramagnetic centers reaches a value that is close to the maximum value nорг for carbonaceous substances. Based on quantitative analysis of phenolic products of pyrolysis the composition of lignin relics was calculated, taking into account the ratio of the main structural H, G and S units. Experimental data allowed to put forward the hypothesis that in the composition of Devonian coal-forming plants, as one of the first representatives of forest communities on the planet, included compositionally homogeneous protolignins of H-type, built mainly from p-coumaric structural units.
A STUDY OF THE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF PLANTS OF THE GENUS POTENTILLA L.
Authors: Savel'yeva Yelena Yevgen'yevna , Lapkina Yekaterina Ziyadkhanovna , Bulgakova Nadezhda Anatol'yevna , Tyutrina Yekaterina Sergeyevna , Kurbatskiy Vladimir Ivanovich
Published: August 2020

In this work, a comparative assessment of the antiradical properties of some species of the genus Potentilla L. is carried out to identify the most promising in terms of further study. The aboveground part of P. chrysantha Trevir., P. canescens Bess., P. tergemina Sojak, P. erecta (L.) Raeusch., P. paradoxa Nutt. ex Tott. et Gray, P. approximata Bunge, as well as the aboveground and underground parts of P. anserina L. were used as a research object, collected in the vicinity of Tomsk. The antiradical activity of the extracts of the studied plants was evaluated spectrophotometrically, observing the kinetics of the recovery of the stable radical of the DPPH extract. The dependence of the antiradical activity on the concentration and stability of the studied extracts was examined using P. paradoxa as an example. The total amount of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in the studied extracts was estimated. The specific absorption coefficient of gallic acid was found to be 47.3. For the aboveground parts of seven Potentilla species, the antiradical activity of extracts on ethyl alcohol 40 and 70% is significant and is in a narrow range from 77.57 to 80.91% for extracts on ethyl alcohol 40%, in a slightly wider range from 70.99 to 86.58% for extracts on ethyl alcohol 70%. A wide range of antiradical activity from 14.80% (P. tergemina) to 70.40% (P. paradoxa) is observed for 95% ethyl alcohol extracts. The difference in the chemical composition of ethanol extracts of individual representatives of the genus Potentilla significantly affects the antiradical activity with an increase in the concentration of ethyl alcohol.
Anatomical Variation in Mesenteric Macrophage Phenotypes in Crohn's Disease
Authors: van der Meer Jonathan H.M. , Wasmann Karin A.T.G.M. , van der Bilt Jarmila D.W. , Becker Marte A.J. , Boermeester Marja A. , Bemelman Willem A. , Wildenberg Manon E. , Buskens Christianne J.
Published: August 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Clinical trials are currently investigating whether an extended mesenteric resection for ileocecal resections could reduce postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease. Resection of the mesorectum, which contains proinflammatory macrophages, during proct(ocol)ectomy, is associated with reduced recurrent inflammation and improved wound healing. We aimed to characterize the macrophages in the ileocecal mesentery, which were compared with those in the mesorectum, to provide a biological rationale for the ongoing trials.

METHODS:

In 13 patients with Crohn's disease and 4 control patients undergoing a proctectomy, tissue specimens were sampled at 3 locations from the mesorectum: distal (rectum), middle, and proximal (sigmoid). In 38 patients with Crohn's disease and 7 control patients undergoing ileocecal resections, tissue specimens also obtained from 3 locations: adjacent to the inflamed terminal ileum, adjacent to the noninflamed ileal resection margin, and centrally along the ileocolic artery. Immune cells from these tissue specimens were analyzed by flow cytometry for expression of CD206 to determine their inflammatory status.

RESULTS:

In the mesorectum, a gradient from proinflammatory to regulatory macrophages from distal to proximal was observed, corresponding to the adjacent inflammation of the intestine. By contrast, the ileocecal mesentery did not contain high amounts of proinflammatory macrophages adjacent to the inflamed tissue, and a gradient toward a more proinflammatory phenotype was seen in the central mesenteric area.

DISCUSSION:

Although the mesentery is a continuous structure, the mesorectum and the ileocecal mesentery show different immunological characteristics. Therefore, currently, there is no basis to perform an extended ileocecal resection in patients with Crohn's disease.
ALTERAÇÕES DE USO E COBERTURA DA TERRA NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO GUALAXO DO NORTE - MG: 2008 A 2018
Authors: Freitas Carvalho Dayane Caroline , Da Costa Adriana Monteiro , Viana João Herbert Moreira
Published: August 2020

O mapeamento das alterações das classes de uso e de cobertura da terra é um instrumento primordial para a análise do território. Este estudo analisou as alterações de uso e cobertura da terra na bacia hidrográfica do rio Gualaxo do Norte – MG com o propósito de identificar e avaliar as principais classes de uso e cobertura nos últimos dez anos (2008 a 2018), destacando as alterações causadas pelo rompimento da barragem de Fundão e os padrões de organização de uso e de cobertura da terra existentes na bacia. Foram realizadas as classificações de imagens de satélite referentes aos anos de 2008, 2015 e 2018 pelo método de classificação supervisionada orientada a objeto com o algoritmo do Nearest Neighbor (vizinho mais próximo), considerando, forma, tamanho e compacidade. Assim, foi verificado que há oito classes de uso e de cobertura da terra principais, que no intervalo de dez anos, sofreram pequenas ou grandes mudanças. Também se constatou que a bacia retrata três grandes ambientes, o primeiro marcado pela atividade minerária, localizado no alto curso, o segundo pela silvicultura e formação florestal, no médio curso, e o terceiro pelas áreas campestres, incluindo diversas áreas de pastagem no baixo curso.
MAPEAMENTO DE NEMATOIDES NA CULTURA CAFEEIRA A PARTIR DE IMAGENS MULTIESPECTRAIS OBTIDAS POR AERONAVES REMOTAMENTE PILOTADAS
Authors: De Abreu Júnior Carlos Alberto Matias , Vinhal Geovane Piveta , Moura Xavier Laura Cristina , Martins George Deroco , Vieira Bruno Sérgio
Published: August 2020

O sensoriamento remoto vem sendo aplicado cada vez mais na agricultura de precisão, devido a sua forte correlação com variáveis agrícolas. A combinação espectral de bandas do visível vem se tornando uma alternativa em câmeras com ausência do infravermelho próximo, devido a uma relativa correlação com a vegetação e, consequentemente, com as variáveis agrícolas. Assim, é possível identificar alterações presentes na plantação devido ao ataque de pragas e patógenos, sendo detectável a presença de nematoides na cultura cafeeira com essa ferramenta. Nesse contexto, as Aeronaves Remotamente Pilotadas (ARPs) de baixo custo possibilitam monitoramento contínuo dessas culturas, sendo uma alternativa utilizada para a geração de mapas de manejo de pragas e patógenos, auxiliando no monitoramento da produtividade dos cultivos, minimizando perdas. Neste trabalho, foi utilizada a classificação pelo método de máxima verossimilhança para discriminação de áreas da cultura cafeeira infestada por nematoides. Para tanto, a classificação foi aplicada em combinação de bandas do visível com NDVI e a análise da acurácia do mapeamento foi validada a partir do índice Kappa. A Matriz de confusão apresentou 20% de erro de omissão (para nematoide) e 28,57% de comissão (para solo exposto), sendo estes os maiores valores obtidos, além do índice Kappa de 0,75.