bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reconstructing Early Microbial Life
Authors: Kaçar Betül
Published: August 2024

For more than 3.5 billion years, life experienced dramatic environmental extremes on Earth. These include shifts from oxygen-less to overoxygenated atmospheres and cycling between hothouse conditions and global glaciations. Meanwhile, an ecological revolution took place. Earth evolved from one dominated by microbial life to one containing the plants and animals that are most familiar today. Many key cellular features evolved early in the history of life, collectively defining the nature of our biosphere and underpinning human survival. Recent advances in molecular biology and bioinformatics have greatly improved our understanding of microbial evolution across deep time. However, the incorporation of molecular genetics, population biology, and evolutionary biology approaches into the study of Precambrian biota remains a significant challenge. This review synthesizes our current knowledge of early microbial life with an emphasis on ancient metabolisms. It also outlines the foundations of an emerging interdisciplinary area that integrates microbiology, paleobiology, and evolutionary synthetic biology to reconstruct ancient biological innovations.
Electropolishing of Magnesium and Its Alloys Using a Safe Glycol Solution Containing Sodium Chloride
Authors: Tomita Shunsuke , Kikuchi Tatsuya
Published: August 2024

The electropolishing behavior of pure magnesium and its alloys in ethylene glycol (EG), diethylene glycol (DEG), triethylene glycol (TrEG), and tetraethylene glycol (TeEG) solutions containing sodium chloride was investigated using electrochemical measurements, microscopic observations, and reflectance measurements. Large light-grayish cloudy areas with micrometer-scale linear irregularities were formed on the magnesium surface via constant-voltage electrolysis in the EG solution, whereas mirror-finished magnesium surfaces were successfully obtained in the DEG and TeEG solutions. Among these, the DEG solution is considered appropriate for electropolishing because of its lower viscosity and market price. The reflectance of the entire visible wavelength region gradually increased with time during electrolysis in the DEG solution at 308 K. We found that short-term electrolysis for 3 min at the higher voltage of 75 V should be selected if a moderately polished surface is to be rapidly obtained, whereas long-term electrolysis for 60–300 min at 50 V should be performed if a highly polished surface with an extremely high reflectivity measuring more than 80% can be obtained. Three-dimensional magnesium specimens with curved and spiral shapes and an LZ91 magnesium alloy consisting of a simple solid-solution matrix can also be electropolished via electrolysis in a DEG solution.
Review—Graded Catalyst Layers in Hydrogen Fuel Cells - A Pathway to Application-Tailored Cells
Authors: Ayoub Marc , Böhm Thomas , Bierling Markus , Thiele Simon , Brodt Matthew
Published: August 2024

During steady-state operation, the proton conduction profile and the concentration profiles of the reactants and products transported through catalyst layers are non-uniform in the in-plane and through-plane directions. It is, therefore, a reasonable hypothesis that the optimal arrangement of the constituents of the catalyst layers should also be non-uniform. One way to address the non-uniformity is through graded catalyst layers. This study elucidates the state-of-the-art for graded catalyst layers, which so far were primarily investigated for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). We identify the most impactful types of gradients in the PEMFC cathode and highlight studies displaying their merits in terms of better conversion efficiencies and longer lifetimes. Furthermore, two critical issues that have received little attention so far are emphasized: on the one hand, industrially relevant manufacturing techniques must be developed and implemented. On the other hand, suitable techniques are needed to identify and characterize the gradients. In this study, guidance to navigate both of these challenges is offered.
Growth, Characterizations of Oxalic Acid Di-Hydrate Crystals of Pure, Milled, Shocked Impact of 50 Scaling for Electronic, Photonic, Display and Sensor Usefulness by Theory and Practice
Authors: B Padmanaban , R Hariharasuthan , P Saravanan , K SenthilKannan
Published: August 2024

Oxalic acid dihydrate (OADH) crystal was grown by slow evaporation solution method, milled to micro-OADH, impacted with shocked 50 pulses and harvested in a 16-day period. The 2 MPa pressure with 2.2 Mach number of 864 K temperature specifies the product as shocked 50 scaled OADH. Single crystalline X-ray diffraction of OADH macro are as specified with P21/n as space group with monoclinic as the crystal system and shocked 50 scaled OADH are with lattice constants; the % of elements of OADH specimen are confirmed by theory and practice. The dielectric constant of OADH is higher at lower frequency values by space charge polarization. OADH of all scales are of the negative photo-conductivity type. The influx data of OADH of three types of scaling are identified as better electronic filter. The micro-OADH is confirmed by the scanning electron microscopy analysis as 10 micrometer scaling without any flaws. The Fluorescence (FL) study shows bluish FL emission for all samples of OADH; sensitivity is 8.88>6.6>2.2 for shocked 50-OADH, micro-OADH, macro-OADH. The Miller’s indices of (101) profile for RGB display is shown without as well with recursive colors of OADH.
Tailoring the Magnetic, Structural and Shielding Characteristics of Nano Er2O3 via Ni Doping
Authors: Heiba Zein K. , Mohamed Mohamed Bakr , Badawi Ali
Published: August 2024

We investigated the effects of Ni-doping amount on the structural, magnetic, and shielding properties of nano Er2O3. Nano Er2−xNixO3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15) samples were fabricated by a pechini scheme and characterized via X-ray diffraction. Rietveld refinement was used to discover the distribution of cations on the two crystallographic sites. Cation ordering in the two nonequivalent sites of the structure and the variation of the oxygen bond lengths of octahedra with the composition x were also investigated. A consistent reduction in the average bond lengths of (Er/Ni)O6 octahedra around 8b and 24d as x progresses was observed. Average crystallite size reduced while average lattice micro-strain increased with increasing Ni doping. The correlation between magnetization and temperature for all samples under a magnetic field of 200 Oe was studied. Curie-Weiss law was applied to find the magnetic moments and the types of magnetic structure. The μ
eff in the Er2−xNixO3 samples dropped from 9.7 to 9.36 μB as the nickel doping level rose from 0 to 0.15. Calculated magnetic moments, μ
cal, were found to drop from 9.4 to 9.02 μB as the nickel doping level changed from x = 0 to x = 0.15 in Er2−xNixO3 samples. Curie paramagnetic temperature (θ) for all samples has been observed to rise from −10.6 to −19.34. The theoretical gamma-ray attenuation parameters for nano Er2−xNixO3 samples were acquired through the Phy-X/PSD software. The nano Er2−xNixO3 samples have been proven to possess remarkable magnetic and neutron shielding applications.
Iron-laden macrophage-mediated paracrine profibrotic signaling induces lung fibroblast activation
Authors: Li Yunqi , Du Xinqian , Hu Yue , Wang Dan , Duan Luo , Zhang Hanxiao , Zhang Ruoyang , Xu Yingjie , Zhou Ruonan , Zhang Xinyu , Zhang Muzhi , Liu Jie , Lv Zhe , Chen Yan , Wang Wei , Sun Ying , Cui Ye
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the role of iron in pulmonary fibrosis, specifically focusing on macrophage-mediated mechanisms. Iron accumulation in fibrotic lung macrophages triggers lipid peroxidation and an upregulation of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 expression. Coculturing iron-laden macrophages activates lung fibroblasts in a TGF-β1-dependent manner, which can be mitigated by ferroptosis inhibitors. These findings underscore the potential of targeting iron overload and lipid peroxidation as a promising strategy to alleviate fibrotic stimulation provoked by disease-associated macrophages.
Proposal and Validation of a Diagnosis Method of Fuel Failures in Pressurized Water Reactor Nuclear Power Plants
Authors: Lyu Weifeng , Ran Wenwang , Guo Runchun , Gao Yaoyi , Xiong Jun
Published: August 2024

Based on research into the diagnosis methods for fuel failures in pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants and an analysis of existing problems, this paper proposes an enhanced fuel failure diagnosis method, addressing three key improvements: identification of the occurrence of fuel failure, diagnosis of the number of failed fuel rods, and the size of fuel rod failure. Other factors that may influence the diagnosis results are also identified and discussed. The proposed method is then verified using operational data from in‐service nuclear power plants in China. The verification results demonstrate that the improved diagnosis method accurately identifies fuel failures and exhibits broader applicability.
Research on Chaotic Characteristics of Cascade Failure in Rail Transit Networks considering Nonlinear Load Fluctuations
Authors: Zhu Changfeng , Tang Zhaoxin , An Chun , Fang Jinhao , Wang Jie , Cheng Linna
Published: August 2024

The stable and efficient operation of rail transit networks (RTNs) is critical for the integrated development of metropolitan areas. However, numerous studies have indicated that RTNs are prone to large‐scale cascading failures when subjected to disturbances. To address the limitations of traditional cascading failure models, this paper proposes an innovative cascading failure model for metropolitan areas RTNs, which incorporates nonlinear load fluctuations and the bounded rationality of passengers. This model aims to capture the cascading failure characteristics of RTNs with chaotic properties under 12 combination strategies. A single‐ and dual‐parameter coupling analysis of chaotic evolution parameters and prospect theory parameters are conducted. Taking the RTN in the Chengdu metropolitan area as an example, both the static characteristics and cascading failure features of the network are analyzed. The findings reveal the following: (i) the RTN is a assortativity network and lacks small‐world and scale‐free properties. (ii) During network disturbances, a higher level of passenger familiarity with the network increases the likelihood of large‐scale cascading failures. (iii) When passengers tend to avoid risks, stations with higher carrying capacity are more prone to failures. This study holds significant implications for ensuring the stable and reliable operation of rail transit systems within metropolitan areas.
Molecular Characterization and Classification of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Inform Tailored Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Li Yu-Wei , Dai Lei-Jie , Wu Xiang-Rong , Zhao Shen , Xu Yu-Zheng , Jin Xi , Xiao Yi , Wang Ying , Lin Cai-Jin , Zhou Yi-Fan , Fu Tong , Yang Wen-Tao , Li Ming , Lv Hong , Chen Siyuan , Grigoriadis Anita , Jiang Yi-Zhou , Ma Ding , Shao Zhi-Ming
Published: August 2024

HER2-positive breast cancer is an aggressive subtype that accounts for 15% to 20% of all breast cancers. Recent studies have suggested that HER2-positive breast cancer is a group of heterogeneous diseases with different sensitivities to standard treatment regimens. Revealing the molecular heterogeneity of HER2-positive breast cancer could potentially enable more precise treatment strategies. In this study, we performed multiomics profiling on a HER2-positive breast cancer cohort and identified four transcriptome-based subtypes. The classical HER2 (HER2-CLA) subtype comprised 28.3% of the samples and displayed high ERBB2 activation and significant benefit from anti-HER2 therapy. The immunomodulatory (HER2-IM) subtype (20%) featured an immune-activated microenvironment, potentially suitable for de-escalated treatment and immunotherapy. The luminal-like (HER2-LUM) subtype (30.6%) possessed similar molecular features of hormone receptor–positive HER2-negative breast cancer, suggesting endocrine therapy and CDK4/6 inhibitors as a potential therapeutic strategy. Lastly, the basal/mesenchymal-like (HER2-BM) subtype (21.1%) had a poor response to current dual HER2-targeted therapy and could potentially benefit from tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The molecular characteristics and clinical features of the subtypes were further explored across multiple cohorts, and the feasibility of the proposed treatment strategies was validated in patient-derived organoid and patient-derived tumor fragment models. This study elucidates the molecular heterogeneity of HER2-positive breast cancer and paves the way for a more tailored treatment.

Significance: Illumination of the inherent heterogeneity within HER2-positive breast cancers through the delineation of distinct molecular subtypes lays the groundwork for developing more personalized treatment strategies based on specific patient characteristics.
Bottom-up or Top-down: Inflammation Reprograms Paneth Cells to Develop Bowel Cancers
Authors: Chua Julian , Gregorieff Alex , Ayyaz Arshad
Published: August 2024

The origins of colorectal cancer have long been a subject of intense debate. Early observations noted cancer formation in the human gut slightly above the base of crypts, the structural and functional units of the regenerative compartment of the intestinal epithelium. This suggested that the cells of origin for colorectal cancer reside close to the crypt–villus junction, where more differentiated cells are located. However, the specific induction of early cancer-initiating mutations within differentiated cells failed to initiate cancer. The subsequent identification of long-lived Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells and investigations into their role in cancer development further shifted the earlier views, leading to the widely accepted theory that colorectal cancer arises from stem cells and progenitors located at the base of crypts. A recent study published in Nature Genetics by Mathijs P. Verhagen and colleagues challenges this paradigm, providing compelling evidence that differentiated nonstem cell lineages, particularly Paneth cells, can serve as a source of intestinal tumorigenesis, especially in the context of inflammation and the consumption of a Western-style diet. This work significantly advances our understanding of the colorectal cancer initiation process and provides a new paradigm that may explain the increasingly higher incidence of colorectal cancer in younger people.
Pembrolizumab and Cabozantinib in Recurrent and/or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Long-term Survival Update with a Biomarker Analysis
Authors: Saba Nabil F. , Chaudhary Ritu , Kirtane Kedar , Marra Angelo , Ekpenyong Asari , McCook-Veal Ashley , Schmitt Nicole C. , Gross Jennifer H. , Patel Mihir R. , Remick Jill , Bates James E. , McDonald Mark W. , Rudra Soumon F. , Stokes William A. , Biernacki Maria , Song Xiaofei , Slebos Robbert J.C. , Liu Yuan , Steuer Conor E. , Shin Dong M. , Teng Yong , Chung Christine H.
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

Anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) therapy is a standard of care in recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (RMHNSCC). Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGFR-TKI) have immunomodulatory properties and improve clinical outcomes in combination with anti-PD-1 therapy in different malignancies. We report the long-term efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab and cabozantinib in patients with RMHNSCC and include a correlative biomarker analysis.

Patients and Methods:

This open-label, single-arm, multicenter, phase 2 study screened 50 patients with RMHNSCC, of whom 36 received pembrolizumab and cabozantinib. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR), safety, and tolerability. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and correlative studies of tissue and blood. We report the long-term PFS, OS, and safety of treated patients and describe correlative biomarkers evaluating p-MET expression and tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) using multiplex immunohistochemistry.

Results:

With median follow-up of 22.4 months, the median PFS was 12.8 months with a 2-year PFS of 32.6% (95% CI, 18.8%–56.3%) and the median OS was 27.7 months with a 2-year OS of 54.7% [95% confidence interval (CI), 38.9%–76.8%]. The median duration of response was 12.6 months with a 2-year rate of 38.5% (95% CI, 30.8%–81.8%). Long-term treatment-related adverse events included manageable hypothyroidism (5.5%) and grade 1 elevated aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase (2.8%). Baseline tumor p-MET expression correlated with ORR (P = 0.0055). Higher density of CD8+, CD103+, and CSF1-R+ cells at baseline correlated with improved OS [hazard ratio (HR) = 5.27, P = 0.030; HR = 8.79, P = 0.017; HR = 6.87, P = 0.040, respectively].

Conclusions:

Pembrolizumab and cabozantinib provided prolonged encouraging long-term disease control and survival with a maintained favorable safety profile. The prognostic significance of higher density of CD8+, CD103+, and CSF1-R+ cells in TIME deserve further evaluation in similar clinical settings.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Tumoral Interferon Beta Induces an Immune-Stimulatory Phenotype in Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Melanoma Brain Metastases
Authors: Gellert Julia , Agardy Dennis A. , Kumar Swaminathan , Kourtesakis Alexandros , Boschert Tamara , Jähne Kristine , Breckwoldt Michael O. , Bunse Lukas , Wick Wolfgang , Davies Michael A. , Platten Michael , Bunse Theresa
Published: August 2024

Supplementary Figure S1 characterizes modified cell lines, showing transduction vectors, confirmatory flow cytometry of protein induction, and in vitro proliferation.
Figure 4 from Tumoral Interferon Beta Induces an Immune-Stimulatory Phenotype in Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Melanoma Brain Metastases
Authors: Gellert Julia , Agardy Dennis A. , Kumar Swaminathan , Kourtesakis Alexandros , Boschert Tamara , Jähne Kristine , Breckwoldt Michael O. , Bunse Lukas , Wick Wolfgang , Davies Michael A. , Platten Michael , Bunse Theresa
Published: August 2024

Transcriptomic analyses of IFNβ-treated bone marrow-derived macrophages reveal an immune-stimulatory phenotype characterized by the expression of a proinflammatory type I IFN-response signature. A, Principal component analysis of bulk RNA sequencing gene expression profiles of M2-like polarized BMDM treated with supernatant from Dox-treated YUMM5.2 eGFP control cells (gray), supernatant from Dox-treated YUMM5.2 Ifnb1eGFP cells (dark red), rIFNβ (pink) or untreated control (light pink; n = 3). B, Spearman correlation analysis of log2-transformed mean gene counts in M2-like polarized BMDM after indicated treatments. sn, supernatant collected after Dox pre-treatment (n = 3). C, GSEA of a curated M1 phenotypic marker gene set in M2-like polarized BMDM after treatment with supernatant from Dox-treated YUMM5.2 Ifnb1eGFP cells compared to treatment with supernatant from Dox-treated YUMM5.2 eGFP control cells. Enrichment Score = 0.62, NES = 2.38, adjusted P value = 1.00e–10 (n = 3). D, GSEA of the Molecular Signature Database Hallmark Gene Sets in M2-like polarized BMDM after treatment as in C. Top activated and suppressed Hallmark gene sets are displayed according to their gene ratio (n = 3). E, Heatmap of normalized gene counts of upregulated immune-related genes in M2-like polarized BMDM after indicated treatments (n = 3). F and G, mRNA levels of CD69 (F) and H2-Q6 (G) measured by qPCR in F4/80+ cells isolated from intracranial YUMM5.2 Ifnb1eGFP tumors from mice receiving control diet compared to Dox diet. Displayed as log2 fold change (Log2FC; n = 4). H, Immunohistochemistry staining of F4/80 (red) and CD69 (H) or MHCI (I; yellow) on tissue sections from mice with intracranial YUMM5.2 Ifnb1eGFP tumors receiving control diet compared to Dox diet. Left, representative images. Scale bars, 50 μm. Right, quantitative analysis of CD69 (H) or MHCI (I) expression in F4/80+ cells displayed as MFI (n = 3, 2 fields of view per animal). For the M1 phenotypic marker gene set see Supplementary Table S3. Data are expressed as individual values for A, B, D, and E and median + IQR and individual values for F–I. Statistical significance was determined by Mann–Whitney U test for F–I. ES, effect size.
Figure 3 from Tumoral Interferon Beta Induces an Immune-Stimulatory Phenotype in Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Melanoma Brain Metastases
Authors: Gellert Julia , Agardy Dennis A. , Kumar Swaminathan , Kourtesakis Alexandros , Boschert Tamara , Jähne Kristine , Breckwoldt Michael O. , Bunse Lukas , Wick Wolfgang , Davies Michael A. , Platten Michael , Bunse Theresa
Published: August 2024

B16-F10 Ifnb1eGFP-derived IFNβ repolarizes macrophages and reduces tumor growth. A, B16-F10 Ifnb1eGFP cells were treated with 1 μg/mL Dox and cell culture supernatant was harvested after 24, 48 and 72 hours. IFNβ concentrations were analyzed by ELISA and are displayed in pg/mL (n = 3). B–G, C57Bl/6J mice received control diet or Dox diet from day 1 on following intracranial B16-F10 Ifnb1eGFP tumor cell injection. Tumor growth was monitored by MRI on day 14, tumors were excised and blood was drawn on day 16. B, Intratumoral IFNβ concentrations were analyzed by ELISA and are displayed in pg/mL of original tumor volume (n = 6, control diet in light pink; n = 7, Dox diet in dark red). C, Heatmap of quantitative flow cytometry analysis of B16-F10 Ifnb1eGFP-associated macrophages displayed as relative MFI (n = 6 and n = 7). D–F, Quantitative flow cytometry analysis of B16-F10 Ifnb1eGFP-infiltrating T cells displayed as percentage of parental population (n = 6 and n = 7). G, B16-F10 Ifnb1eGFP tumor volume as measured by MRI is displayed in μL (T1 sequence; n = 8). H and I, Quantitative flow cytometry analysis of CD8+ T cells after a 1:1 CTFR-stained T cell to M2-polarized BMDM allo-co-culture after indicated BMDM pretreatment (sn, supernatant collected after Dox pre-treatment; n = 3) Displayed as percentage (H) or relative expression (I) of CD8+ T cells. For gating strategies see Supplementary Figs. S2 and S3G. Data are expressed as median + IQR and individual values for A, B, and D–H and individual scaled values for C and I. Statistical significance was determined by Mann–Whitney U test for A, B, and G, by paired t test for D–F and by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey post hoc testing for H. ES, effect size.
Figure 1 from Tumoral Interferon Beta Induces an Immune-Stimulatory Phenotype in Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Melanoma Brain Metastases
Authors: Gellert Julia , Agardy Dennis A. , Kumar Swaminathan , Kourtesakis Alexandros , Boschert Tamara , Jähne Kristine , Breckwoldt Michael O. , Bunse Lukas , Wick Wolfgang , Davies Michael A. , Platten Michael , Bunse Theresa
Published: August 2024

Induction of tumoral IFNβ impairs intracranial YUMM5.2 Ifnb1eGFP tumor growth. A, YUMM5.2 Ifnb1eGFP and YUMM5.2 eGFP control cells were treated with 1 μg/mL Dox or left untreated for 48 hours before cell culture supernatant was harvested. IFNβ concentrations were analyzed by ELISA and are displayed in pg/mL (n = 3). B, YUMM5.2 Ifnb1eGFP cells were treated with 1 μg/mL Dox and cell culture supernatant was harvested after 24, 48, and 72 hours. IFNβ concentrations were analyzed by ELISA and are displayed in pg/mL (n = 3). C–G, C57Bl/6J mice received control diet or Dox diet from day 1 on following intracranial YUMM5.2 Ifnb1eGFP tumor cell inoculation. Tumor growth was monitored by MRI on day 14, tumors were excised and blood was drawn on day 16. C, Schematic timeline. D, Intratumoral IFNβ concentrations were analyzed by ELISA and are displayed in pg/mL of original tumor volume (n = 6 for each group). E, Plasma IFNβ concentrations were analyzed by ELISA and are displayed in pg/mL. (n = 6 for each group). F, Tumor volume as measured by MRI is displayed in μL (T1 sequence; n = 8 for each group). G, Representative coronal MR images in T1 sequence with contrast agent. Each image represents one mouse from the indicated treatment group. Data are expressed as median + IQR and individual values for A, B, and D–F. Statistical significance was determined by Mann–Whitney U test for A, B, and D–F. ES, effect size. (C, Created with BioRender.com.)
Chemokine (C-C Motif) Ligand 14 to Predict Persistent Severe Acute Kidney Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tebib Nicolas , Monard Céline , Rimmelé Thomas , Schneider Antoine
Published: August 2024

Introduction: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to review available data and provide pooled estimates of the predictive performance of urinary chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (uCCL14) for persistent (≥48 h) severe acute kidney injury (PS-AKI). Methods: We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE for studies published up to April 11, 2023. We considered all studies including adults and reporting on the ability of uCCL14 to predict PS-AKI as defined by AKI persisting for 48 or 72 h. Data extraction was performed by one investigator using a standardized form. It was checked for adequacy and completeness by another investigator. Results: After screening, we identified 13 relevant studies. Among those, four (561 patients) provided sufficient data regarding the outcome of interest and were included. Considering each study cutoff value, pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.85 (95% CI: 0.77–0.90, I2 = 34.1%) and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.94–0.98, I2 = 53.7%), respectively. Pooled positive likelihood ratio (LR), negative LR, and diagnostic odds ratio were 8.98 (95% CI: 4.92–16.37, I2 = 23%), 0.25 (95% CI: 0.17–0.37, I2 = 0%), and 14.98 (95% CI: 3.55–63.27, I2 = 72.9%), respectively. The area under the curve estimated by summary receiver operating characteristics was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.70–0.95). Heterogeneity induced by the threshold effect was low (Spearman’s correlation coefficient: −0.30, p value = 0.62) but significant for non-threshold effect. Risk of bias and concern for applicability according to the QUADAS-2 criteria was generally low. High risk in the index test due to the absence of prespecified thresholds was a concern for most studies. Conclusion: Based on current evidence, uCCL14 appears to have a good predictive performance for the occurrence of PS-AKI. Interventional trials to study a biomarker-guided application of AKI care bundles and RRT are indicated.
Múltiplas representações e objetos de aprendizagem na capacitação docente em cursos de engenharia
Authors: Ferreira Verona Marinho , Lucas Lucken Bueno , Sanzovo Daniel Trevisan
Published: August 2024

The Master’s research that this article takes place aimed to develop a proposal for teacher training for teachers working in Higher Education, in Engineering courses to distance, who have difficulties with pedagogical practices aligned with digital Technologies. The aim was to address pedagogical possibilities based on the Multiple Representations and Learning Objects frameworks. This theoretical articulation supported the development and application of a continuing education course for a group of teachers trained in engineering, promoting the updating of their pedagogical practice in the light of their training needs and the reality of distance education. The research was based on a qualitative approach and the data was collected through electronic activities and questionnaires, which were analyzed according to the assumptions of the Textual Discourse Analysis framework. From the analytical categories, it was possible to deduce that the teacher training raised participants' awareness of the importance of continuing pedagogical training and the contributions of digital technologies to distance learning, as well as showing the relevance of inserting Multiple Representations and Learning Objects as strategies to promote the exemplification of content and satisfactory student learning.
Percepção da qualidade do ar interior em salas de aula urbanas: estudo de caso em Vitória-ES
Authors: Silva Saulo Vieira de Oliveira , Pagel Érica Coelho , Sarnaglia Alessandro José Queiroz , Velten Felipe Barloesius
Published: August 2024

La calidad del aire interior tiene impactos negativos en la salud humana, siendo responsable del surgimiento y empeoramiento de numerosos síntomas respiratorios. En las escuelas, varios contaminantes han alcanzado concentraciones por encima de las permitidas, principalmente debido a su ubicación en áreas contaminadas. Por otro lado, la percepción humana de la calidad del aire se ha relacionado especialmente con cuestiones térmicas, olfativas y visuales, siendo necesario realizar más estudios que asocien la cognición con la presencia de contaminantes atmosféricos en el entorno. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los niveles de MP10, MP2.5 y CO2, junto con la percepción de la calidad del aire por parte de estudiantes en diferentes aulas, naturalmente ventiladas, en un Instituto de Educación ubicado en una zona urbana. La metodología incluyó el monitoreo de contaminantes y parámetros ambientales, así como la aplicación de cuestionarios estandarizados sobre la percepción de la calidad del aire. En total, se respondieron 132 cuestionarios por estudiantes de diferentes turnos. Los resultados muestran que el nivel de satisfacción con la calidad del aire se consideró normal y bueno; sin embargo, se registraron concentraciones elevadas de material particulado en las aulas. Cabe destacar que los estudiantes fueron más sensibles al MP10, registrando en su percepción el empeoramiento de la calidad del aire interior con el aumento de la concentración de este contaminante. El estudio refuerza la importancia de la planificación de proyectos con estrategias eficientes en busca de un entorno educativo más saludable.
Microtubules Sequester Acetylated YAP in the Cytoplasm and Inhibit Heart Regeneration
Authors: Liu Shijie , Deshmukh Vaibhav , Meng Fansen , Wang Yidan , Morikawa Yuka , Steimle Jeffrey D. , Li Rich Gang , Wang Jun , Martin James F.
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:

The Hippo pathway effector YAP (Yes-associated protein) plays an essential role in cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration. In response to physiological changes, YAP moves in and out of the nucleus. The pathophysiological mechanisms regulating YAP subcellular localization after myocardial infarction remain poorly defined.

METHODS:

We identified YAP acetylation at site K265 by in vitro acetylation followed by mass spectrometry analysis. We used adeno-associated virus to express YAP-containing mutations that either abolished acetylation (YAP-K265R) or mimicked acetylation (YAP-K265Q) and studied how acetylation regulates YAP subcellular localization in mouse hearts. We generated a cell line with YAP-K265R mutation and investigated the protein-protein interactors by YAP immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry, then validated the YAP interaction in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. We examined colocalization of YAP and TUBA4A (tubulin α 4A) by superresolution imaging. Furthermore, we developed YAP-K265R and
αMHC-MerCreMer (MCM); Yap-loxP/K265R
mutant mice to examine the pathophysiological role of YAP acetylation in cardiomyocytes during cardiac regeneration.

RESULTS:

We found that YAP is acetylated at K265 by CBP (CREB-binding protein)/P300 (E1A-binding protein P300) and is deacetylated by nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide/sirtuins axis in cardiomyocytes. After myocardial infarction, YAP acetylation is increased, which promotes YAP cytoplasmic localization. Compared with controls, mice that were genetically engineered to express a K265R mutation that prevents YAP K265 acetylation showed improved cardiac regenerative ability and increased YAP nuclear localization. Mechanistically, YAP acetylation facilitates its interaction with TUBA4A, a component of the microtubule network that sequesters acetylated YAP in the cytoplasm. After myocardial infarction, the microtubule network increased in cardiomyocytes, resulting in the accumulation of YAP in the cytoplasm.

CONCLUSIONS:

After myocardial infarction, decreased sirtuin activity enriches YAP acetylation at K265. The growing TUBA4A network sequesters acetylated YAP within the cytoplasm, which is detrimental to cardiac regeneration.
Heart Failure Risk Prediction in a Population With a High Burden of Diabetes: Evidence From the Strong Heart Study
Authors: Martinez‐Morata Irene , Domingo‐Relloso Arce , Zhang Ying , Fretts Amanda M. , Pichler Gernot , Garcia Pinilla Jose Manuel , Umans Jason G. , Cole Shelley A. , Sun Yifei , Shimbo Daichi , Navas‐Acien Ana , Devereux Richard B.
Published: August 2024

Background

Despite the high burden of diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors in American Indian communities in the United States, prospective studies of heart failure (HF) in this population group are scarce, and the generalizability of previous HF risk scales may be limited. We developed a parsimonious HF risk prediction equation that accounts for relevant risk factors affecting American Indian communities, focusing on diabetes and kidney damage.

Methods and Results

A total of 3059 participants from the SHS (Strong Heart Study) (56±8 years of age, 58% women) were included. Five hundred seven developed HF. Progressively adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify risk factors for HF and HF subtypes. Predictors of risk at 5 and 10 years included older age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.79 [95% CI, 1.43–2.25]; HR, 1.68 [95% CI, 1.44–1.95]), smoking (HR, 2.26 [95% CI, 1.23–4.13]; HR, 2.08 [95% CI, 1.41–3.06]), macroalbuminuria (HR, 8.38 [95% CI, 4.44–15.83]; HR, 5.20 [95% CI, 3.42–7.9]), microalbuminuria (HR, 2.72 [95% CI, 1.51–4.90]; HR, 1.92 [95% CI, 1.33, 2.78]), and previous myocardial infarction (HR, 6.58 [95% CI, 2.54–17.03]; HR, 3.87 [95% CI, 2.29–6.54]), respectively. These predictors, together with diabetes diagnosis and glycated hemoglobin were significant at 10 and 28 years. High discrimination performance was achieved (C index, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.76–0.84]; C index, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.75–0.81]; and C index, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.74–0.78] at 5, 10, and up to 28 years of follow up, respectively). Some associations varied across HF subtypes, although diabetes, albuminuria, and previous myocardial infarction were associated with all subtypes.

Conclusions

This prospective study of HF risk factors in American Indian communities identifies that smoking, body mass index, and indicators of diabetes control and kidney damage (glycated hemoglobin and albuminuria) are major determinants of HF. Our findings can improve HF risk assessment in populations with a high burden of diabetes.
Robust Contracts: A Revealed Preference Approach
Authors: Antic Nemanja , Georgiadis George
Published: August 2024

We study an agency model in which the principal knows the agent-optimal actions in response to K “known” contracts but is unaware of other actions available or their costs, and seeks a contract to maximize worst-case profits. The optimal contract is a mixture of the known contracts and output. Moreover, when K = 1, the single known contract maximizes the principal's profit guarantee, whereas with two known contracts, the optimal mixture puts positive weight on one of the known contracts. Our methodology is straightforward to implement, a point that we demonstrate using data from an experimental study of different incentive schemes.
Stemphylium persianum sp. nov., (Pleosporales, Ascomycota) from Iran
Authors: AHMADPOUR ABDOLLAH , GHOSTA YOUBERT , ALAVI FATEMEH , ALAVI ZAHRA , KARUNARATHNA SAMANTHA C. , TIBPROMMA SAOWALUCK
Published: August 2024

Stemphylium species are saprophytes, or plant pathogens mostly associated with economically important crops. In this study, we isolated Stemphylium strains from grey to brown lesions on the culms of Schoenoplectus sp. (Cyperaceae, Poales). Based on combined morphological characteristics and sequence data of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS‒rDNA) region, parts of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) and calmodulin (cmdA) genes, the studied Stemphylium strains were identified and described herein as a new species, S. persianum. The new species is phylogenetically closely related to S. halophilum and S. lycii, however, they are distinguishable based on conidiophores, conidia, and ascospores morphology. Detailed morphological descriptions, illustrations, and phylogenetic relationships with other Stemphylium species are provided herein.
Typhonium parvum (Araceae), a new species of Hainan Island, China
Authors: LI YI F. , WANG QING L.
Published: August 2024

Typhonium parvum (Araceae), a new species from Hainan Island, South China, is described and illustrated. It is different from other species of the genus Typhonium with the very small subglobose neuter flower. A key to Typhonium of China is presented.
Complementary studies of the Perlidae (Insecta: Plecoptera) fauna from the Paranapiacaba Mountains using DNA barcode data
Authors: ALMEIDA LUCAS HENRIQUE DE , DUARTE TÁCIO , BISPO PITÁGORAS DA CONCEIÇÃO
Published: August 2024

The Paranapiacaba Mountains are a region of Brazil where the stonefly fauna is relatively well known. Despite this, there are still gaps in knowledge that need to be filled. In this study, through field sampling and molecular analyses, we have updated the taxonomic knowledge of Perlidae species in this region. Our study employed DNA barcoding methods to complement traditional morphological approaches, facilitating the association and description of the nymphs of Anacroneuria itajaimirim Bispo & Froehlich 2004. Additionally, we generated DNA barcode sequences for Anacroneuria iporanga Bispo & Froehlich 2004. Our results contributed to knowledge about Perlidae from the Paranapiacaba Mountains, highlighting the importance of DNA barcode data in the association of immature stages and species delimitations. Although the stoneflies of Paranapiacaba Mountains have been relatively well-studied, our results reveal that we still have deficits in knowledge of the fauna of this region.
Pseudomystus tuberosus, a new species of catfish from central Borneo (Actinopterygii: Bagridae)
Authors: NG HEOK HEE , TAN HEOK HUI
Published: August 2024

Pseudomystus tuberosus, a new species of bagrid catfish from the Kahayan River drainage in south central Borneo, is described in this study. It can be distinguished from all congeners in having a strongly humped dorsal profile (vs. dorsal profile weakly humped or without hump), as well as its head and flanks covered with rounded tubercles (vs. smooth or with capillaceous epithelial projections). Pseudomystus tuberosus most closely resembles P. vaillantii, but can be further distinguished from it in having a smaller eye (8% HL vs. 9–12) and a slenderer caudal peduncle (5.5–6.0% SL vs. 6.8–8.1). The identity of P. carnosus, described from southern Sumatra, is also discussed, and the species treated as a junior synonym of P. moeschii.
Two new species and a new transfer in the pirate spider genus Mimetus Hentz, 1832 (Araneae: Mimetidae: Mimetinae) from India
Authors: SUDHIN PUTHOOR PATTAMMAL , SANKARAN PRADEEP M. , SEN SOUVIK
Published: August 2024

Two new species of Mimetus Hentz, 1832 are described from India: Mimetus parvulus Sankaran, Sudhin & Sen, 2024 n. sp., and M. spinatus Sudhin, Sankaran & Sen, 2024 n. sp.. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of both species are provided, and their current distribution is mapped. Based on familial and generic similarities, we transfer the misplaced M. tikaderi Gajbe, 1992 to the Liocranidae genus Agroeca Westring, 1861.
New species and new records of the family Phytoseiidae Berlese (Acari: Mesostigmata) from Saudi Arabia
Authors: MIRZA JAWWAD HASSAN , KAMRAN MUHAMMAD , ALATAWI FAHAD JABER
Published: August 2024

A new species of the genus Neoseiulus Hughes (Acari: Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae), belonging to the paspalivorus species group, N. arabicus sp. nov., is described and illustrated based on females. Two species are reported as new to the mite fauna of Saudi Arabia—Kuzinellus blairi (McMurtry & Moraes) and Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) transvaalensis (Nesbitt). A key to the species in the transvaalensis species group of Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) is also provided.
New data on Dysderoidea (Arachnida: Araneae) of the Pamir Mountains, Tajikistan
Authors: FOMICHEV ALEXANDER A.
Published: August 2024

Two new species of two dysderoid families are described based on specimens collected from the Pamir Mountains in Tajikistan: the dysderid Dysdera bartang sp. n. (male) and the segestriid Segestria pamirica sp. n. (female). Both species were collected at elevations of 2200–2500 m a.s.l. (above sea level). Detailed descriptions, figures, diagnoses, habitat photographs and a distribution map are provided. The altitudinal limit of the species of Dysdera and Segestria in Central Asia is briefly discussed. Segestria pamirica sp. n. is likely to be the most high-altitude species of the genus in Central Asia and even in the world. An identification key to females of the Central Asian species of Segestria is also provided.
Characters of a new species of the Cretaceous genus †Loeblitoides affirm affinities to the extant ‘Syndicus group’ of Stenichnini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae)
Authors: JAŁOSZYŃSKI PAWEŁ , SZAWARYN KAROL
Published: August 2024

A new species of Cenomanian Stenichnini is described, based on an inclusion in Myanmar amber: †Loeblitoides latus sp. nov. As a close relationship between †Loeblitoides and the extant genera Syndicus Motschulsky, Loeblites Franz, and Horaeomorphus Schaufuss was postulated, we used 3D visualization techniques based on micro-computed tomography to search for otherwise impossible to observe morphological details and find arguments supporting this hypothesis. A novel structure, a pair of basal elytral foveae connected in a peculiar way, found in †L. latus, indeed supports the previous views, as it is unique for the extant ‘Syndicus group’. The diagnosis of †Loeblitoides is emended to include new findings.
Quality Control of Geostationary Lightning Mapper Observations for Tropical Cyclone Applications
Authors: Trabing Benjamin C. , Hilburn K. , Stevenson S. , Musgrave K. D. , DeMaria M.
Published: August 2024

The Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) has been providing unprecedented observations of total lightning since becoming operational in 2017. The potential for GLM observations to be used for forecasting and analyzing tropical cyclone (TC) structure and intensity has been complicated by inconsistencies in the GLM data from a number of artifacts. The algorithm that processes raw GLM data has improved with time; however, the need for a consistent long-term dataset has motivated the development of quality control (QC) techniques to help remove clear artifacts such as blooming events, spurious false lightning, “bar” effects, and sun glint. Simple QC methods are applied that include scaled maximum energy thresholds and minima in the variance of lightning group area and group energy. QC and anomaly detection methods based on machine learning (ML) are also explored. Each QC method is successfully able to remove artifacts in the GLM observations while maintaining the fidelity of the GLM observations within TCs. As the GLM processing algorithm has improved with time, the amount of QC flagged lightning within 100 km of Atlantic TCs is reduced, from 70% during 2017, to 10% in 2018, to 2% during 2021. These QC methods are relevant to the design of ML-based forecasting techniques which could pick up on artifacts rather than the signal of interest in TCs if QC was not applied beforehand.

Significance Statement

The Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) provides total lightning observations in tropical cyclones that can benefit forecasts of intensity change. However, nonlightning artifacts in GLM observations make interpreting lightning observations challenging for automated techniques to predict intensity change. Quality control procedures have been developed to aid the TC community in using GLM observations for statistical and pattern-matching techniques.
How Work Becomes Invisible: The Erosion of the Wage Floor for Workers with Disabilities
Authors: Ruppel Emily H.
Published: August 2024

How does work come to be constructed as a service to the worker? In the United States, the payment of subminimum wages to disabled workers has been legal since 1938 and was entrenched by 1986 legislation eliminating the previously mandated floor of 50 percent of the minimum wage. This article draws on primary historical materials to explain the passage of these amendments, which I analyze as a case of delaborization, a process through which work is mystified as such and reclassified as something else (e.g., service). I find that the managers of segregated workshops for disabled manual laborers rose to control disability employment policy in the aftermath of deinstitutionalization. Professionals mobilized disability stigma to frame the subminimum wage as a social welfare issue subject to their expertise and to lobby successfully for its entrenchment. Weaknesses in the disability–labor coalition enabled this seizure of jurisdiction. This research illuminates professional expertise, the withdrawal of labor unions, and identity-based stigma as major mechanisms driving delaborization, an important contemporary influence on the organization of work. The case of the subminimum wage thus develops sociological literatures on labor, disability, and politics.
Indigenous Early Career Researcher’s perspectives of ‘safe spaces’ in higher education
Authors: Locke Michelle , Trudgett Michelle , Page Susan
Published: August 2024

The Developing Indigenous Early Career Researchers Project is a three-year longitudinal study funded by the Australian Research Council that ran from January 2020 to December 2022. Its main focus was to investigate the experiences and perspectives of Indigenous Early Career Researchers working in universities across Australia. This article presents four main attributes identified by Indigenous Early Career Researchers as necessary to creating culturally safe spaces in Australian universities. These attributes include, safe to: (a) be Indigenous; (b) seek advice and make mistakes; (c) speak openly; and (d) trust. The successful implementation of these attributes requires institutional support and commitment in the form of relevant higher education policies and practices. Importantly, an overarching perspective of this article is that effective implementation of culturally safe spaces for Indigenous Early Career Researchers requires a significant shift in institutional discourse from the inclusion of Indigenous Peoples and Knowledges to recognising Indigenous Peoples as sovereign.
How Do New Forms of Organizations Manage Institutional Voids? Social Enterprises’ Quest for Sociopolitical Legitimacy
Authors: Fu Jiawei Sophia , Yan Shipeng
Published: August 2024

This study draws on institutional theory to provide insights into how new forms of organizations gain legitimacy under institutional voids. Based on interviews with leaders of 42 Chinese social enterprises (SEs), we find that dominant stakeholders—the state—are ambivalent about new ventures’ agendas and practices, which is displayed in their being sometimes supportive and other times skeptical, even hostile. SEs favor the contingent engagement political strategy to develop mutually beneficial relationships with the state while keeping a healthy distance. This enables them to gain sociopolitical legitimacy in a nonthreatening and acceptable way for survival and growth. The findings further highlighted the individual, organizational, and environmental factors that condition SE legitimation approaches, including the form of state control, leaders’ political capital, organizational social mission, and regional political environment. This study makes theoretical contributions to the institutional and SE literatures, highlighting stakeholder ambivalence as an essential characteristic of an institutional context fraught with institutional voids.