bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Idealism versus Material Realities
Authors: Pinheiro Holly A.
Published: May 2022

Examining the experiences of Black soldiers recruited into the United States Colored Troops in New York, this chapter analyzes the war’s often negative impact on their freedom. Far from finding that their own opportunities had been expanded, African Americans sent South, in part to free other Black Americans, often lost out on the gains their southern brethren gained. Whether through failure to receive their pay on time, war wounds, or court martials, formerly economically independent African Americans sometimes saw their economic independence—and hence their freedom—eroded. In one of the bitterest ironies of the post-war arrangements, soldiers in the USCT found that their contribution to the war that ended racial slavery actually diminished their own independence and freedom. Experiencing racial discrimination in a variety of ways, they were often kept in service longer into Reconstruction so that white soldiers could be mustered out first; many lost ground economically as a result of their service, and some even lost their freedom completely, being sent to jail when they sought to return to civilian life before being formally demobilized.
“Works Meet for Repentance”
Authors: Fennessy Brian K.
Published: May 2022

This chapter examines efforts for amnesty on behalf of former Confederates. Seeking to defuse post–Civil War rancor, white Republicans in both the North and the South frequently took pains to include former Confederates in the party—often at the expense of African Americans. The chapter’s analysis of how social networks shaped these efforts illustrates part of why Reconstruction ended. The two mutually incompatible desires of reconstructing the South and quickly reuniting the nation often led to compromises that in the end provided an illusion of national unity at the expense of actual reform locally. In the end, a desire to minimize sectionalism and to legitimate southern governments by attracting white southerners to the Republican Party undermined efforts to create lasting change in the South. Northern Republicans’ inability to imagine that Black southerners might provide better leadership than former Confederates represents a failed opportunity. Rather than cementing newly established freedom for African Americans, Republican authorities returned freedoms to former Confederates, allowing them to reassert control locally and disempowering African Americans.
Remembering War, Constructing Race Pride, Promoting Uplift
Authors: Stanley Matthew E.
Published: May 2022

Focusing on the life and work of Joseph T. Wilson, author of the first comprehensive history of Black soldiers in the United States, this chapter examines responses of Black veterans to the changed conditions of post–Civil War America and the often-surprising twists and turns that historical memory can take. Wilson’s career and his 1882 book The Black Phalanx offer a curiously bifurcated vision: on the one hand, the failure of Reconstruction to deliver on the promise of emancipation led Wilson and others to look increasingly inward toward Black community, group reliance, shared decision-making, and “uplift suasion.” At the same time, Wilson’s committed activism and his narrative in Black Phalanx preserved a fiercely emancipationist memory of the war.
The Economy of Alteration
Authors: Ruiz Rosaura Martínez
Published: May 2022

This chapter begins with a meditation on limits in deconstruction and psychoanalysis. It proceeds to center on a close and sustained reading of Freud’s Project for a Scientific Psychology, in which Freud develops a theory of the psychic apparatus and of memory. This theory emphasizes the importance of alteration, of the “alien” excitations that both constitute the psyche and alter its constitution in an ongoing way. In a concluding turn, the chapter considers the relationship between limits, understood in Freud’s sense, on the one hand, and borders, on the other. Addressing the ethics and politics of border crossing and hospitality, the author shows how Freud’s work and Derrida’s can help us to reimagine the border as a site of ongoing resistance, violence, and transformation.
The Absolute Difference between Life and Politics
Authors: Moreiras Alberto
Published: May 2022

This chapter continues the elaboration of the notion of infrapolitics through a discussion of Jean-Luc Nancy’s critique of the principle of general equivalence and Alain Badiou’s notion of a “true life.” It introduces the radical critique of the contemporary identification of thinking and being as deployed by Etienne Balibar in his philosophical anthropology. It appeals to Jacques Lacan’s critique of capitalist discourse and moves toward an infrapolitical understanding of a communism of non-equivalence based on egalitarian symbolization. It analyses the protreptic move for existence in Derrida, Nancy, and Thomas Sheehan on Heidegger.
On the Illegal Condition in the State of Extraction
Authors: Moreiras Alberto
Published: May 2022

This final chapter seeks to offer a glimpse into an infrapolitical form of life at the time of expository, surveillance society. The chapter offers a sort of phenomenology of the informant on the basis of Immanuel Kant’s typology of evil. It claims the importance of refusing to be an informant to the state. It links that position to subaltern life, producing the figure of the hyperborder dweller and linking it to Werner Hamacher’s description of a “protopolitical life.”
Class Acts
Authors: Naas Michael
Published: May 2022

Class Acts looks at two often neglected aspects of Jacques Derrida’s work as a philosopher, namely, his public presentations and his teaching, along with the question of the “speech act” that links them, that is, the question of what one is doing when one speaks in public in these ways. The work is divided into two parts, each of which follows Derrida’s itinerary with regard to speech act theory from the 1970s through the 1990s. Part I, titled “Derrida in Montreal,” analyzes Derrida’s critique of John Austin and his own subsequent redefinition of speech act theory over the course of three public lectures or events (in 1971, 1979, and 1997), all three, for reasons I try to identify and explain, in Montreal. Part II. “The Open Seminar,” begins with an overview of Derrida’s teaching career and his famous “seminar” presentations, along with his own explicit reflections on pedagogy and educational institutions beginning in the mid-1970s. It then turns to the way Derrida interrogated and himself redeployed speech act theory in three recently published seminars (on life-death, theory and practice, and forgiveness). We ultimately come to see through this juxtaposition that, whether he was in a conference hall or a classroom, Derrida was always interested in the way in which spoken or written words might not just communicate some meaning or intent but give rise to something like an event. This is a book about the possibility of such events in Derrida’s work as a pedagogue and public intellectual.
Introduction: The Program
Authors: Naas Michael
Published: May 2022

This introductory chapter lays out the central question of the work, namely, the question of speech act theory in relation to both pedagogy and the work of a public intellectual. This is especially appropriate insofar as Derrida himself never ceased, in both of these settings, to interrogate the relationship between speech and act, words and deeds, language and action, the thought or ideas of a philosopher and the milieu or context in which those thoughts and ideas are communicated. Whether it was in the classroom or a conference hall, Derrida was always interested in the way in which spoken or written words might do more than simply communicate some meaning or intent but promise to give rise to something like an event.
Education in Theory and Practice (1976–77)
Authors: Naas Michael
Published: May 2022

This chapter argues that the recent publication of Derrida’s 1976–1977 seminar Theory and Practice should cause us to rethink and radically reevaluate Derrida’s relationship to Marx and to Marxism, especially his treatment of questions of work and language and the relationship between theory and practice. It is here recalled that all these questions were being treated by Derrida in his seminar at the very same time that he was himself engaged in educational reforms (through GREPH) and was rethinking and rediscovering some of the practical and theoretical underpinning of his own pedagogy. I argue that what we get from an analysis of this seminar and from Derrida’s activities during this same period is a portrait of Derrida as an engaged intellectual and a pedagogue who is rethinking his own relationship, in both theory and practice, to philosophy. It is, in the end, a portrait that differs quite significantly from the one we typically get from Derrida’s published works alone.
Doubly Neglected: Histories of Women Monastics in the Serbian Orthodox Church
Authors: Bakić-Hayden Milica
Published: May 2022

Looking at the history of Orthodox Christian monasticism, one cannot help noting that women monastics do not stand as visibly as their brother monks in the history of the Church. Their story still remains, for the most part, untold; that is, not recorded in writing since textuality was historically not a domain of women. If monasticism in the past provided women with an alternative to married life, in this paper we examine what appeal it has today given a variety of lifestyles that exist for women in contemporary society. While the illustration of how female monasticism operates today is mostly based on an ethnographic study done in the monasteries of the Serbian Orthodox Church, sporadic references to some prominent nuns from the past help highlight the continuity of their underrepresentation in the history of the Church and beyond. Emerging after centuries of neglect, these nuns’ stories give them voice and empowerment both as monastics and as women.
EFFECTS OF TRAMADOL ADMINISTRATION ON SOME BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN WISTER ALBINO RATS UNDER NON-INDUCTION OF PAIN
Authors:   Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Alfred Olisa Nwuruku , Ibiam U A , Emmanuel I V , Nwobodo V O G , Chukwu D C , Onuegbu P I , Osuagwu C C , Onuh E F , Ndulaka J C
Published: May 2022

This study investigates the effect of tramadol under non-induction of pain on some biochemical parameters in albino rats. A total of 24 albino rats were randomly divided into four groups of 6 members each. Group 1 received pellet and was allowed free access to water. This was the control. Groups 2, 3 and 4 received 50, 100 and 200 mg/Kg body weight of tramadol respectively. All the administrations were via oral intubation and were done once daily for 30 days. Neurotransmitters, glutamine dehydrogenase, glutaminase, and oxidative stress markers were determined in the brain homogenate using standard methods. Liver function markers, kidney function parameters and pancreatic markers were equally determined in the serum using standard methods. The results showed that levels of serotonin, dopamine, reduced glutathione, albumin and activities of catalase, super oxide dismutase, glutathione transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutaminase and lipase were significantly (p<0.05) lowered in rats administered tramadol only in dose dependent manner when compared with the control. The results also revealed that administration of different doses of tramadol caused significant (p<0.05) increase in the activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, α-amylase, glutamine dehydrogenase and levels of total bilirubin, uric acid, urea, creatinine and malondialdehyde in dose dependent manner when compared with control. These results generally revealed that intake of tramadol under non-induction of pain caused significant alterations of some biochemical markers, which could lead to health consequences
Export of Chinese Animated Film:A Case Study on Nezha
Authors: Zhao Siyun
Published: May 2022

The box office of Chinese films is growing, and domestic films have made a great contribution.Chinese films has also becoming an important component of Chinese cultural exportation. Animated films have advantage of having wider audience, which can convey national values more gently and shape the national image imperceptibly. This paper took the animated film "Nezha", which was a dark horse at the domestic box office, as an example to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of Chinese animation film in cross-cultural communication. The study found that although technique and animation visual effects received good commonts from the overseas audience, the cultural barriers and the lack of commercial publicity was still a constaint for Chinese animated films.
A Conversation Analysis of the Repair Strategies and Use of Turn-Taking Practices in an IELTS Preparation Class
Authors: Hao Yikun
Published: May 2022

This research uses conversation analysis to investigate an institutional discourse within a 28-day university level IELTS preparation class. The goals of this research are to explore: a) repair strategies taken by students and the teacher b) the pattern of turn-taking in an IELTS training class of speaking test. Findings show that the pattern of this result-oriented training class is IRF cycle, and that the most popular strategy applied by the teacher is recast.
Preparation Propositions for Short-Term Teaching Abroad: A Literature Review
Authors: Cruz Emilee M.
Published: May 2022

Both certified teachers and volunteers participate in short-term teaching experiences abroad, but the length of time is concerning in terms of teacher preparation. This paper reviews the body of research that has investigated the teaching methods and short-term program practices that prepare teachers for short-term experiences teaching abroad. The review suggests a program including professional development, deliberate reflection, and cultural and language immersion be offered for teachers before, during, and following their short-term experience. The review also offers direction for future research including the need for experimental and causal-comparative research on the effects of short-term international teachers on student achievement.
The Role of Working Memory on Fluid Intelligence
Authors: Dai Ning
Published: May 2022

Previous research proved that working memory is closely related to fluid intelligence, but the role of working memory on fluid intelligence is unclear. This review summarizes previous studies to explore the core mechanism of working memory which have influence on the fluid intelligence. There were the two mechanisms of working memory, storage system and central executive system, associated with fluid intelligence. The storage system is more important and it may mediate the effect of central executive system on fluid intelligence.
Training Interpreters as Cross-cultural Mediators: New Way of Teaching ESP or of Solving International Problems
Authors: Daria Melnikova
Published: May 2022

In modern globalized society the emphasis of interpreters professional activity is changing. It is of interest to develop the future interpreters ability to establish correspondences and connections between linguistic signs and cross-cultural codes, taking into account the historical and cultural background of interacting countries (in synchrony and diachrony) from the point of view of multiple historical traditions besides the simultaneous interpretation of meaning. This article aims to contribute to the growing field of conflict resolution by exploring issues facing mediators-interpreters in cross-cultural conflicts, by analyzing factors that should be considered by mediators-interpreters and by specifying strategies for conducting successful mediation.
Will There be Another Hollywood Golden Age?
Authors: Peng James
Published: May 2022

After the end of Hollywoods second golden age, the film industry has fallen into a cycle that lacks creativity; it is often argued whether there will be another golden age. A film golden age often refers to a time period where Hollywood movies are seen as the most important part of popular culture and directors have a huge amount of creative freedom. Although the first two golden ages were caused by seemingly different reasons, the events that lead to their occurrence share many similarities, creating a possibility of another golden age.
Patients’ perspective on early discharge with drain in situ after breast cancer surgery
Authors: Al-Balushi Laila , Al-Kharosui Suad
Published: May 2022

Due to the increasing number of breast cancer (BC) cases in Oman and the impact of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on bed situation in the hospital, a policy of early discharge (ED) with drain after BC surgery was initiated at one of the tertiary hospitals in Oman. The uniqueness of this policy is no home visit follow-up conducted after discharge and the main mode of communication was through social media account (Instagram media). This policy then was evaluated by conducting a quasi-experimental study using a survey with ten open and closed-ended questions, five questions to explore patient experience using a five-point Likert scale. A total of 41 female patients responded to the survey. Almost 96% of the participants stated being well informed about drain care pre- and post-surgery at home. 9% of the participants developed early sign of infection and was managed at out-patient clinics. Participants with bilateral drains expressed more pain than those with single drain. 90% stated satisfied being discharged with breast drain whereas 10% preferred to stay in the hospital until the drains were removed. This study found that the policy of ED with a drain after breast cancer (BC) surgery is practical and well-accepted by most patients. The role of breast nurse and presence of family and institutional support enhanced the success of the policy implementation. To optimize patient care, conducting a training program by breast nurse for nurses at local health centres about care management of patients with drain could improve care and enhance patient satisfaction.
Development of Core Competencies for University Students during the Pandemic, Crisis of Public Health
Authors: Kim Ju-kyoung
Published: May 2022

Future competency is a necessary condition for securing the competency of college students who lead the changed era. Therefore, this study was conducted to derive core competencies reflecting future competencies and to develop diagnostic tools. To this end, the reliability and validity of the draft questionnaire prepared after reviewing previous studies and receiving reviews from experts were secured. The survey was conducted for 983 college students from April 12 to 16, 2021, and the final 75 questionnaires were confirmed through statistical verification. Through the collected data, potential profiles with heterogeneous characteristics based on core competencies were classified into three, and the characteristics of each potential group profile were confirmed. The main analysis results are as follows. First, the five core competencies (humanities competency, communication competency, globalization competency, creativity competency, professionalism competency) consists of 15 sub-competencies and 75 questionnaires. Second, the improved K-University core competency scale has secured validity after verifying the improvement plan through the expert meetings and surveys. Third, based on the improved K-University Core Competency Diagnosis scale, the overall average of core competencies was 3.85, communication competencies 3.99, creativity competency 3.96, humanities competencies 3.85, professionalism competencies 3.85, and globalization competencies 3.58. Furthermore, a total of three analyzing the latent profile through the core competency diagnosis result, a total of three latent profiles (upper group, middle group, and lower group) were identified. Through the analysis results, a new core competency diagnostic scale was developed by reflecting the educational goals, vision, and future capabilities of the university. Through the results of this study, other higher education institutions will also be able to raise their interest in the future competencies of university students and provide competency-based curriculum to enhance the quality and effectiveness of education.
Pre-Service Primary School Teachers’ English Language Professional Development: Teachers’ Learning Motivations and Developments
Authors: Dos Santos Luis Miguel
Published: May 2022

English language teaching is one of the requirements for many Bachelor of Education programmes in Taiwanese education colleges and universities. In Taiwan, English language is considered one of the general education requirements (usually eight credits) for all undergraduate students. Although additional English language courses are not required for graduation, many universities require final-year students to achieve satisfactory grades on the TOEIC (The Test of English for International Communication) exam for graduation. The purpose of this study is to understand the motivations and reasons for the decision of a group of Bachelor of Education (Primary) students to study additional English courses beyond their curriculum. An online-based semi-structured interview tool was employed to recruit and collect data from 20 participants in the School of Education at a Taiwanese university. In line with the Social Cognitive Career and Motivation Theory, two themes were captured: 1) preparation for the TOEIC exam and 2) career promotions and opportunities. This study provides ideas for programme managers, department heads, and government departments for English language training beyond university requirements. Also, the outcomes indicate that exams played important roles in learners’ motivations, particularly in English language learning.
On some aspects of the Tropical Cyclone of 20-29 May I963 over the Arabian Sea
Authors: COLON JOSE.A. , RAMAN C.R.V. , SRINIVASAN V.
Published: May 2022

This report discusses the development and structure of the Arabian Sea cyclone of20-29 May 1963. The structure is discussed on the basis of special reconnaissance flights carried out by research aircraft of the U. S. Weather Bureau- Research Flight Facility. Analyses of surface, 500-mb and 200-mb flow are used to illustrate the conditions associated with cyclone development and motion. They give, in addition, a good view of the circulation patterns during the transition from the pre-monsoon to the summer monsoon regime northern Indian Ocean.

 

          The factors that seem to have influenced the development of this cyclone and the structure of the system during its life cycle were found to be quitesimilar to those in hurricanes in the Atlantic Ocean.
On objective assessment of convergence and precipitation by dynamic trajectory method
Authors: BANERJI S. , RAO D.V.L.N. , KUNDRA M.D.
Published: May 2022

Dynamic trajectories are drawn for intervals of three hours by means of arc-strike technique developed by Good-year and later used by Peterson and others. The wind field required for this purpose is obtained on the basis of streamline analysis at 0.6 km level, while the geostrophic winds have been evaluated from the sea level charts. A fairly accurate idea of areas of low level convergence can be had with the help of these trajectories.

 

An estimation of moisture inflow into the convergence area is made by the use of an empirical relation involving the computation of precipitable water, and average wind-speed normal to the line of maximum curvature; In order to reduce time on computations, they were done on polar coordinates and a nomogram was also prepared for different latitudes for direct application on the polar diagram.

 

The results obtained in a few cases are presented here, which show that some improvement is obtainable by using the stream line analysis, particularly in view of the sparse aerological network.
Can we utilise upper tropospherical winds for tracking storms in the Bay of Bengal ?
Authors: BAGHARE M. M. , DATTA R. K.
Published: May 2022

In this study, the tracks of eleven cyclonic storms in the Bay of Bengal have been examined with a view to finding out if upper winds alone in the vicinity of the centre of cyclonic storms, could be useful in prognosticating the movement of these storms. By smoothened analysis of zonal (u) and meridional (v) components of the upper winds over various stations, the wind velocity for standard levels have been computed corresponding to the sea level position of the storm. The winds thus computed for various levels have been discussed from the point of view of their operational use in forecasting the movement of Bay storms. The limitations of such computations have also been brought out.
Monthly wave characteristics of the Bay of Bengal
Authors: SRIVASTAVA P. S. , VIJAYARAJAN P. K. , JOSEPH M. X.
Published: May 2022

The monthly wave characteristics of the Bay of Bengal are reported based on an analysis of the wave data published in the Indian Daily Weather Reports of the India Meteorological Department for the period 1960-64. March is the calmest and June, the roughest month in the area, In June the average wave height is 1.75 m although the maximum number of depressions and cyclones Occur during the month of October.
Study of soil heat-flux 1n a sugarcane field
Authors: SUBRAHMANYAM V. P. , PRABHAKARA RATNAM B.
Published: May 2022

Heat flows into soils were evaluated in the open and in a sugarcane field by using the temperature-gradient method. The measurements were made at the Sugarcane Research Station, on four representative days in November and December 1967, and January and February 1968. The magnitude and the diurnal range of heat-flux in the sugarcane field were considerably smaller than those ill the open. The times of occurrence of maximum heat flux were almost the same (about 1200 hrs) In both the open and the sugarcane field. Minimum values of heat-flux, however, occurred in the late evening in the open and a-t early morning in the cane field, the lag varying from 6 to 10 hours.
Effect of low velocity channel on SH wave
Authors: CHATTERJEE S. N. , BHATTACHARYA S. N.
Published: May 2022

The propagation of SH wave was investigated using the velocity distribution function compatible with the actual distribution of shear wave velocity inside the earth.  The constants involving the velocity distribution function were calculated from Gutenberg-Birch model and the results discussed.
On solar zenith angle dependence of annual Component quiet-day range in H at Alibag
Authors: YACOB A.
Published: May 2022

The annual component of monthly mean diurnal range in the quiet-day h at Alibag, isolated by digital filtering and averaged for the years 1909 to 1963, is found to have a dependence on monthly solar zenith angle at noon according to (cos X) 0.85.  Relevant features of the residual annual variation of the diurnal range, obtained after noralization for the solar-zenigh angle modulation are discussed and attributed to similar variations in the prevailing winds of the lower ionosphere at middle and high latitudes.  The indicated easterly winds appear strongest in mid winter and mid summer and weakest around September.
Formation of upper anticyclones and their Blocking activity during winter over Asia
Authors: GUPTA M. G. , RAJAGOPALAN K. S. V.
Published: May 2022

The results of the study of 65 cases of the formation of anticyclones in the upper westerlies over Asia and adjoining west Europe, their areas of occurrence and blocking activities, during the winter and transition season of November-April, are presented in this paper.  It has also been shown with the help of a detailed case-study of 1-7 April 1969, that the anticyclones which formed over Iran and persisted for more than 5 days behave as blockingsystems and dominate the circulation over Asia.  These blocks are however weak when compared with Atlantic and Pacific cases but satisfy all the well known characteristics of blocking action.
Further studies on runway temperature and Screen temperature observations made At Dum Dum Airport, Calcutta
Authors: DE A. C.
Published: May 2022

Result of a study of runway and screen temperature observations made at Dum Dum airport, Calcutta at six synoptic hours (00, 03, 06, 09, 12 and 18 GMT) for a period of 21 months was reported earlier by the author.  The same has now been extended for a further period of 24 months.  The result of the study for the entire period of 45 months, reveals that the runway temperature is generally higher that the screen temperature, the average value of difference of runway and screen temperature readings being generally less than 1oC.  In extreme cases, the absolute value of the difference could be as high as ± 4oC.  The diurnal and seasonal variation of the difference has been discussed.  The effect of surface wind, radiation and other factors on the value of the difference has been also discussed.
Evaporation rates from different pans under humid tropical conditions
Authors: SAMBASIVARAO A , VAMADEVAN VK
Published: May 2022

Under humid tropical conditions, the relative evaporation .rates from Class A open pan, G.G.I. 3000 and Colorado sunken pans were studied.. The recorded evaporation values were compared with evaporation estimated with a modified Penman equation. The Inter relationship between evaporation values and the influence of weather parameters on evaporation were also studied using statistical correlations.

About 88-93 per cent of insolation was absorbed from the pan surfaces for evaporation. The seasonal variation of evaporation was between 4 and 10. mm/day and the variation In evaporation due to type of pan used was up to 3 mm/day. The estimated evaporation values were within +-2.0 mm/day from the measured values. The evaporation values from the sunken pans were higher than from Class A by 1-3 mm/day and they were also closely correlated. The aerodynamic parameters were closely correlated with evaporation from Class A than from the sunken pans. The high soil thermal regime the area during October to May has increased the evaporation from the sunken pans.
Estimation of long term concentrations of SO2 from Mathura refinery with Gaussian diffusion model
Authors: PADMANABHAMURTY B , GUPTA RN
Published: May 2022

The ground level long term concentrations (ug/m3) to obtain spatial distribution of sulphur dioxide around the Mathura refinery have been computed for all four seasons using steady state Gaussian diffusion model valid for point sources. The monitored data of sulphur dioxide at four points in different sectors at different distances collected prior to and after the commissioning of the refinery have also been utilised. It is seen that there is no significant increase in sulphur dioxide concentration after commissioning of the refinery and the model also confirms that the long term concentrations due to refinery are insignificant at the monitoring stations.
A grey scale test pattern generator for testing APT recorders
Authors: SUBRAMANIAN DV , PILLAI KPB , IYER LGS
Published: May 2022

A simple test pattern signal generator for testing ALDN APT recorders, is described and the results obtained are shown.
Soil heatflux under coconut (Cocos nucifera Linn) in an humid tropical oxisol
Authors: SAMBASIVARAO A , VARADAN KM , VAMADEVAN VK
Published: May 2022

The heatflux into an oxisol under coconut in an humid tropical climate was analysed.            

The peak daily solar radiation and air temperature during dry period (December-May) in this region goes upto 1050 Wm-1 and 35° C respectively. The maximum surface soil (2,5 cm depth) temperature observed in an open field was 62° C on a summer day. The diurnal variation of soil temperature in the open field was between 33° and 45°C at 5 cm depth and it was reduced by 2-7° C due to coconut canopy and by 1-7° C due to natural mulch material.

The heat capacity and diffusivity values of the soil were 0.4315 cal cm-2 oC-l and 0.596 x l0-3sec-1 respectively at PWP (permanent wilting point) moisture content. The diurnal heat flux into 5-10 cm layer of soil was between +0,412 and -0,165 cal cm-1 h~ in the open field, whereas it ranges between +0,494 and -0.296 cal cm-1hr-l in the coconut garden. The maximum surface heat flux into 2.5-5.0cm depth was 6.42 cal cm-1 hr-l.

Mulching around the basin of the coconut tree causes heat flow to be either at equilibrium or negative.

The maximum heatflow into 5-10 cm layer (1430 IST) was up to 0.849 cal cm-. hr-1 in different seasons and it is not related to soil moisture content.
Evaporation over Bangladesh
Authors: AMIRULHUSSAIN M
Published: May 2022

Evaporation observations recorded with Class-A pans at 19 stations in Bangaldesh for a period of five years have been used to present monthly and annual evaporation maps. Highest mean monthly evaporation values of 93.220 mm are recorded ill the northwestern, southeastern and western sides of Bangladesh in April, and of 1142-1636 mm mean annual evaporation values are recorded in northwestern and southeastern parts of Bangladesh, while lowest mean monthly evaporation values of 40-60 mm are recorded in the month of December at the stations Sylhet, Madarlpur & Bhola, and mean annual lowest evaporation value of 700 mm is recorded in Sylhet.
Regional precipitation modification by urbanization
Authors: RAMACHANDRARAO A , RAO SRINIVASG
Published: May 2022

Urbanization and industrialization change precipitation characteristics by modifying the local climate and generally increasing precipitation and precipitation related activity. Multivariate statistical tests are used in this study to detect the significance of changes in mean values of precipitation in urban areas. These tests are useful to simultaneously analyze the data from a number of stations in a region and to arrive at inferences about changes in precipitation in urban areas. The spatial correlation structure of multivariate data enables better quantification of the effects of urbanization on precipitation than analysis of data from single stations. The T2 test and test based on the analysis of variance are used in the present study to test the significance of changes in precipitation mean values. Annual precipitation data from several stations in the La Porte, St. Louis, Tulsa and Kansas city areas in the United States are analyzed and the results are presented.
Path of a vortex in a semi-infinite region with a streaming motion along a plane wall past a circular island at a finite distance from the wall
Authors: MANDAL JC
Published: May 2022

An attempt has been made to study the path of a vortex in a semi-infinite region bounded by a straight wall with steady uniform stream at infinity parallel to the wall and past a circular island at a finite distance from the wall. A suitable transformation has been found out with the help of which the flow itself and the positions of the image system of the vortex in the original plane have been obtained. It has been found that stationary points exist on the island perpendicular to the wall through the centre of the island one between the wall and the Island for positive ratios of the strength of the uniform stream and vortex and two, in case of negative ratios-one between the plane wall and Island and other away from the island.
Meteorological analysis of a severe drought in Greece
Authors: LIAKATAS A , NIANIOS A
Published: May 2022

The severe drought in Greece during the winter and spring 1977 is described. The behavior of drought-characteristic meteorological parameters IS then studied along with the large-scale air mass in the upper atmosphere.

Using wind, temperature humidity data, it is shown that the prevailed cloud-destructive downward

movements prevented precipitation. The probability for precipitation was further reduced once the drought had been established, due to changes In energy and water balances,

Finally an explanation of the drought-inducing meteorological anomalies is attempted.
Study of certain sudden weather developments Over central India in winter
Authors: SENGUPTA S , MARATHE SD
Published: May 2022

Most of the winter rains In central India are associate with systems Induced by western disturbances and, sometimes, as an effect from the moving cyclonic systems In the extreme south of the country, But, there are instances of sudden winter wet spells localised in the central parts of the country in the absence of any such system, This study shows that, some of the sudden widespread rains in central India are actually associated with highly amplified lower tropospheric easterly waves from the Bay of Bengal progressing across the Peninsular India and bringing in considerable moist air into the dry regions of the central India to cause vigorous weather there, Isentropic method has been used to locate the ascending moist air around central India and determine its vertical velocity. It has been shown that this vertical lift is further augmented by the favourable position of an upper tropospheric jet stream located in the area in each case, thus causing vigorous  convective activity.
A stochastic approach for monthly streamflow forecast
Authors: PURI SR , KATHURIA SN , UPADHYAY DS , KUMAR SURENDRA
Published: May 2022

A multiplicative seasonal ARIMA model of order (0, 1, 1) X (0, 1, 1) has been applied for the prediction of monthly flow (x) in Sutlej at Bhakra dam site, using 40 years (1925-64) discharge data.

The accuracy of prediction has been tested by using seven years (1965-71) observations. The root mean square error for the forecast period was calculated. It is found that the root mean square error varies from 3 per cent 1n December to about 43 per cent In September.
Water consumption by dryland crops as related to pan evaporation
Authors: BISWAS BC , KHAMBETE NN
Published: May 2022

Lysimeter data, especially for sorghum and millet have been analysed to know the water consumption at various growth phases. Results are compared with the pan evaporation for ready reference to estimate water requirement of these crops. The study reveals that the ratio of actual evapotranspiration and pan evaporation at different growth phases varies from. 49 to 71 and from. 56 to. 72 for sorghum and millet respectively. These ratios in a few individual weeks, especially in the vegetative phase exceed one. Water used by sorghum and millet during the whole life span IS, on an average, 61 and 66 per cent of pan evaporation respectively.
Forecasting of thunderstorms in pre-monsoon season over northwest India
Authors: DHAWAN VB , TYAGI AJIT , BANSAL MC
Published: May 2022

Early detection and forecasting of thunderstorms is important in safeguarding and prevention of damages resulting from violent thunderstorms. An Expert System for Thunderstorm Forecasting (ESTF) during pre-monsoon season over Delhi the representative location over northwest India has been developed for the first time in India by using technique of approaching the problem “bottom up” by using inductive machine learning techniques to automatically acquire the knowledge about thunderstorm forecasting from the weather development data set consisting of  TEMP data of Delhi for the months of May and June for the years from 1995-1999. Only input required is the entry of 0000 UTC TEMP data of Delhi at surface, 850, 700, 500 and 300 hPa levels. The rules are based on stability indices and other thermodynamic parameters evaluated from the said sounding. The system also provides climatological information about thunderstorms over Delhi. To compare the ESTF with the objective techniques, Dynamical-statistical methods for yes or no type thunderstorm occurrence forecast over Delhi during pre-monsoon months of May and June have been developed by using graphical discrimination method and multiple regression method and by using the same development data set i.e.,  TEMP data of Delhi for the months of May and June for the years from 1995-1999 and by using the same potential predictors as used in development of ESTF. In multiple regression method the parameters were found to be significant by stepwise screening procedure. The three methods developed were tested with independent data sets of May and June for the years from 2000-2001. Comparison of verification parameters of the forecast issued by Graphical Discrimination method, Multiple Regression Technique and by ESTF indicates that results of multiple regression method are better than those of graphical discrimination method. The results obtained by using ESTF were better than those obtained by using dynamical statistical models.
Dry-line, nor’westers and tornadic storms over east India and Bangladesh : An operational perspective through synergie, the new IMD forecaster’s workstation
Authors: LEFORT T.
Published: May 2022

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 Pre-monsoon is a very challenging period for regional duty-forecasters and those involved in mitigation of severe weather consequences. Indeed, violent thunderstorms producing high winds, large hail and even tornados are common features from March to May in East India and Bangladesh. Taking advantage of SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) research publications, as well as knowledge and practical methodology developed by NOAA’s National Weather Service in the Tornado Alley, a methodology is proposed that might help IMD forecasters make the best use of their new workstation SYNERGIE. The case study of the 13 April 2010 severe storm has been chosen for this purpose. More than 140 reported deaths and nearly 500,000 people were left homeless or otherwise affected by the storm. A good comprehension of both synoptic and mesoscale conceptual models is needed; then, aided by appropriate numerical model fields, drawing proper weather symbols on surface analysis charts is an important step towards the building and sharing of local expertise with regional or local forecasters. A graphical analysis is proposed and discussed.
Impacts of changes in climate on mountain water resources of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: RANA RANBIRSINGH , SINGH SHARDA , CHANDER NAVELL , SOOD RUCHI , SHARMA ROHIT , ADITYA ADITYA
Published: May 2022

The study examined the impacts of climate change on water resources, viz., surplus / deficit water balance, snowfall trends and surface water flow of major rivers of Himachal Pradesh. The analysis on surplus water balance clearly showed decreasing trends in all the agro-climatic zones during past three decades. Maximum availability of surplus water balance period showed a shift during July to August and registered a decrease of 35.7 percent. The low hill regions exhibited water surplus during kharif season and water deficit during rabi season, while, mid hill regions exhibited water deficit during kharif season and water surplus during rabi season during past three decades. The Mann-Kendall trend test of snowfall indicated a decrease in monthly average snowfall from September to December. The trend analysis further showed increasing trends of snowfall during January and February indicating delay in snowfall during winters. The decreasing trends of snowfall were observed during September to December and March to May indicating shrinking winter period. The significant decreasing trend of snowfall was observed during December and May. The trend test revealed significant decrease of surface water flow of river Beas at Manali and Parvati at Aut in Kullu district during all the months. The water flow of river Sutlej at Songtong in Kinnaur district also showed significant decreasing trends during winter months. Similarly, the annual water inflow of the Sutlej River at Bhakhra Dam showed decreasing trend also. Thus, the studies clearly indicated that water resources have been impacted due to changes in climatic conditions in mountains of Himachal Pradesh during past three decades.
Statistical prediction of movement of cyclonic storms and depressions over Bay of Bengal through LOESS technique
Authors: RAMANATHAN RMAN , RAJ YEA
Published: May 2022

Accurate cyclone track prediction has always been a challenge to the operational weather forecaster. An attempt has been made in this study for prediction of the cyclone track by employing three statistical techniques, viz., analogue, analogue-cum-regression and Locally weighted Scatterplot Smoothing (LOESS). Track data of cyclonic disturbances which formed and moved in the Bay of Bengal during the period 1961-2008 has been used. A statistical model has been developed for comparison of the accuracy levels of track prediction through these three techniques and results have been discussed. It has been observed that the average track forecast error of 147 km calculated by LOESS technique is minimum compared to those obtained from analogue and analogue-cum-regression techniques. In the case of recurved systems also, the forecast error obtained through LOESS is minimum. Heidke Skill Score, Peirce Skill Score and Proportion Correct have been calculated for Along-Track and Cross-Track components which indicate better accuracy and superiority of LOESS technique over the analogue and analogue-cum-regression techniques. Other skill score indices have also been computed and results presented.
Weekly rainfall variability and probability analysis for Coimbatore in respect of crop planning
Authors: MANIKANDAN N , RANI BARTHI , SATHYAMOORTHI K
Published: May 2022

Daily rainfall data of 30 years (1981-2010) of Coimbatore were used for weekly analysis to study the variability and the probability level of occurrence. The study indicated that rainfall amount of more than 25 mm under 50 per cent probability was observed in the standard weeks from 40th to 45th with 41st week being 14.6 mm. The chance of getting 25 mm weekly rainfall with 50 per cent probability was noticed from 39th to 46th standard week covering eight weeks. The CV of weekly rainfall analysis indicated dependable rainfall from 37th to 48th standard weeks irrespective of quantity of rainfall to be received. Drought resistant short duration pulses and sorghum can be grown within the growing period from 39th to 46th standard weeks