bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intra-abdominal angiosarcoma developing in a capsule of a foreign body: report of a case with associated hemorrhagic diathesis
Authors: Joo Young-Tae , Jeong Chi-Young , Jung Eun-Jung , Lee Young-Joon , Hong Soon-Chan , Choi Sang-Kyung , Park Soon-Tae , Ha Woo-Song
Published: September 2005

Backgrounds

Angiosarcoma occurs very rarely in the gastrointestinal tract and can present great diagnostic difficulty, especially when it is associated with intraabdominal abscess or granulation tissue.

Case presentation

We report a case where the angiosarcoma was diagnosed after the occurrence of disseminated angiosarcoma and concurrent hemoperitoneum. The tumor developed in the fibrous capsule of a foreign body, which was possibly related to the previous appendectomy twenty years ago, and became a widely disseminated malignant neoplasm in the abdomen. After the operation, the patient's course was dominated by a fatal consumptive coagulapathy. Pathologic examination of the multiple intra-abdominal lesions showed the histological and immunohistological characteristics of the angiosarcoma.

Conclusion

Even though angiosarcoma in the gastrointestinal tract is extremely rare, when dealing with intraabdominal abscess or the gastrointestinal bleeding in patients who have undergone surgery or radiation therapy in the past, the possibility of angiosarcoma should be considered. To make the definite diagnosis of angiosarcoma and to avoid the misdiagnosis of foreign body granuloma, thorough histological examination and immunohistochemical staining may be prerequisite.
Oral infection with the Salmonella entericaserovar Gallinarum 9R attenuated live vaccine as a model to characterise immunity to fowl typhoid in the chicken
Authors: Wigley Paul , Hulme Scott , Powers Claire , Beal Richard , Smith Adrian , Barrow Paul
Published: September 2005

Background

Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum (S. Gallinarum) is the causative agent of fowl typhoid, a severe systemic disease of chickens that results in high mortality amongst infected flocks. Due to its virulence, the immune response to S. Gallinarum is poorly characterised. In this study we have utilised infection by the live attenuated S. Gallinarum 9R vaccine strain in inbred chickens to characterise humoral, cellular and cytokine responses to systemic salmonellosis.

Results

Infection with 9R results in a mild systemic infection. Bacterial clearance at three weeks post infection coincides with increases in circulating anti-Salmonella antibodies, increased T cell proliferation to Salmonella challenge and increased expression of interferon gamma. These responses peak at four weeks post infection, then decline. Only modest increases of expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β were detected early in the infection.

Conclusion

Infection of chickens with the 9R vaccine strain induces a mild form of systemic salmonellosis. This induces both cellular and humoral immune responses, which peak soon after bacterial clearance. Unlike enteric-associated Salmonella infections the immune response is not prolonged, reflecting the absence of persistence of Salmonella in the gastrointestinal tract. The findings here indicate that the use of the S. Gallinarum 9R vaccine strain is an effective model to study immunity to systemic salmonellosis in the chicken and may be employed in further studies to determine which components of the immune response are needed for protection.
Presacral Meningocele Associated with Hereditary Sacral Agenesis and Treated Surgically: Evaluation in Three Members of the Same Family
Authors: Marin-Sanabria Elio Arnaldo , Nagashima Tatsuya , Yamamoto Kazuki , Nakamura Yoshie , Aihara Hideo , Kohmura Eiji
Published: September 2005

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE:

Presacral meningocele in hereditary sacral agenesis is a complex and unusual spinal dysgenetic syndrome. Recognition of the syndromic triad, its natural history, and familial presentation has important practical applications for the management of this disease as well as its complications.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:

This report concerns three patients in one family with Currarino syndrome. We detail its clinical presentation, operative management, and outcome and suggest management procedures based on reports in the literature and the results of our surgical techniques, which focus on cases with an “incomplete” triad.

INTERVENTION:

Three members of the same family, one adult and two children, underwent surgery through the posterior sacral approach tying off the communication between dural sac and anterior meningocele. The adult underwent a second surgical procedure in which a custom-designed surgical technique was used to resolve postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage. One of the children underwent an additional posterior sagittal anorectoplasty to remove a presacral teratoma.

CONCLUSION:

We report a rare occurrence of three familial cases of sacral agenesis accompanied by a presacral mass with various degrees of phenotypic expression and with male dominant transmission. Because of its rarity, the best surgical technique and timing remain an open question especially in cases with incomplete triad syndrome.
In This Issue
Authors: van Ryzin Garrett J.
Published: September 2005

A regular feature of Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, “In This Issue” briefly describes each issue’s articles and highlights their contributions.
Glutamate Transporter Studies Reveal the Pruning of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors and Absence of AMPA Receptor Desensitization at Mature Calyx of Held Synapses
Authors: Renden Robert , Taschenberger Holger , Puente Nagore , Rusakov Dmitri A. , Duvoisin Robert , Wang Lu-Yang , Lehre Knut P. , von Gersdorff Henrique
Published: September 2005

We examined the effect of glutamate transporter blockade at the calyx of Held synapse. In immature synapses [defined as postnatal day 8 (P8) to P10 rats], transporter blockade causes tonic activation of NMDA receptors and strong inhibition of the AMPA receptor-mediated EPSC amplitude. EPSC inhibition was blocked with a metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) antagonist [1μmLY341495 (2S-2-amino-2-(1S,2S-2-carboxycycloprop-1-yl)-3-(xanth-9-yl)propanoic acid)], suggesting that elevated resting glutamate concentration specifically activates group II and group III mGluRs. Using mGluR subtype-specific agonists and antagonists, we determined that increased glutamate activates presynaptic mGluR2/3 and mGluR8 receptors but not mGluR4, although this receptor is present. Surprisingly, in older animals (P16–P18), transporter blockade had no effect on EPSC amplitude because of a developmental downregulation of group II/III mGluR activation in rats and mice. In contrast to other CNS synapses, we observed no effect of transporter blockade on EPSC decay kinetics, although expression of glutamate transporters was strong in nearby glial processes at both P9 and P17. Finally, using a low-affinity AMPA receptor antagonist (γ-d-glutamylglycine), we show that desensitization occurs at P8–P10 but is absent at P16–P18, even during trains of high-frequency (100–300 Hz) stimulation. We suggest that diffusion and transporter activation are insufficient to clear synaptically released glutamate at immature calyces, resulting in significant desensitization. Thus, mGluRs may be expressed in the immature calyx to help limit glutamate release. In the more mature calyx, there is a far smaller diffusional barrier attributable to the highly fenestrated synaptic terminal morphology, so AMPA receptor desensitization is avoided and mGluR-mediated inhibition is not necessary.
Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Lithium in Murine Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Encephalitis
Authors: Dou Huanyu , Ellison Brent , Bradley Jennifer , Kasiyanov Alexander , Poluektova Larisa Y. , Xiong Huangui , Maggirwar Sanjay , Dewhurst Stephen , Gelbard Harris A. , Gendelman Howard E.
Published: September 2005

Lithium (Li) has garnered considerable interest as a neuroprotective drug for a broad range of nervous system disorders. Its neuroprotective activities occur as a consequence of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) inhibition leading to downstream blockade of β-catenin and Tau phosphorylation. In the present study, we investigated Li-mediated neuroprotective mechanisms in laboratory and murine human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) encephalitis (HIVE) models. In laboratory tests, Li protected neurons from neurotoxic secretions of HIV-1-infected monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). This neuroprotection was mediated, in part, through the phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase/Akt and GSK-3β pathways. To examine the effects of Li treatmentin vivo, MDMs were injected into the basal ganglia of severe combined immunodeficient mice and then Li was administered (60 mg/kg/d). Seven days after MDM injection, mice were killed and CNS tissue was collected and subjected to immunocytochemical and Western blot assays for leukocyte and neural antigens, GSK-3β, and key kinase substrates such asβ-catenin and Tau. Numbers of HIV-1 p24 antigen-positive MDMs were unaltered by Li treatment of HIVE mice. Similarly, the greatly increased extent of astrocyte and microglia activation in HIVE mice (10-fold and 16-fold, respectively, compared with unmanipulated controls) was also unaltered by Li. In contrast, Li restored HIVE-associated loss of microtubule-associated protein-2-positive neurites and synaptic density while reducing levels or activity of phospho-Tau Ser202, phospho-β-catenin, and GSK-3β. Electrophysiological recordings showed diminished long-term potentiation in hippocampal slices of HIVE mice that were restored by Li. Based on these data, the use of Li as an adjuvant for HIV-1-associated dementia is now being pursued.
Activation of NR2A-Containing NMDA Receptors Is Not Obligatory for NMDA Receptor-Dependent Long-Term Potentiation
Authors: Weitlauf Carl , Honse Yumiko , Auberson Yves P. , Mishina Masayoshi , Lovinger David M. , Winder Danny G.
Published: September 2005

Activation of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) within the CNS represents a major signal for persistent alterations in glutamatergic signaling, such as long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression. NMDARs are composed of a combination of NR1 and NR2 subunits, with distinct NR2 subunits imparting distinct characteristics on the receptor. One particular NR2 subunit, NR2A (NRϵ1), has been proposed to play an integral role in LTP induction in the hippocampus and cortex. Here, we report studies investigating the role of NR2A in LTP induction in the dorsolateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (dlBNST). The putative NR2A-specific inhibitor NVP-AAM077 (AAM077) has been used previously to demonstrate the dependence of cortical and hippocampal LTP on NMDARs containing NR2A subunits. We report here the same sensitivity of LTP to pretreatment with AAM077 (0.4 μm) in the dlBNST. However, inconsistent with the conclusion that LTP in the dlBNST is NR2A dependent, we see intact LTP in the dlBNST of NR2A knock-out mice. Because we also see blockade of this dlBNST LTP in NR2A knock-out mice after pretreatment with AAM077, we conclude that the antagonist is targeting non-NR2A subunit-containing receptors. Using a variety of cultured cell types, we find that AAM077 (0.4 μm) can attenuate transmission of NR2B subunit-containing NMDARs when preapplied rather than coapplied with an agonist. Therefore, we conclude that NR2A is not obligatory for the induction of LTP in the dlBNST. Furthermore, our data demonstrate that care must be exercised in the interpretation of data generated with AAM077 when the compound is applied before an agonist.
Selection at Work in Self-Incompatible Arabidopsis lyrata: Mating Patterns in a Natural Population
Authors: Schierup Mikkel H , Bechsgaard Jesper S , Nielsen Lene H , Christiansen Freddy B
Published: September 2005

Identification and characterization of the self-incompatibility genes in Brassicaceae species now allow typing of self-incompatibility haplotypes in natural populations. In this study we sampled and mapped all 88 individuals in a small population of Arabidopsis lyrata from Iceland. The self-incompatibility haplotypes at the SRK gene were typed for all the plants and some of their progeny and used to investigate the realized mating patterns in the population. The observed frequencies of haplotypes were found to change considerably from the parent generation to the offspring generation around their deterministic equilibria as determined from the known dominance relations among haplotypes. We provide direct evidence that the incompatibility system discriminates against matings among adjacent individuals. Multiple paternity is very common, causing mate availability among progeny of a single mother to be much larger than expected for single paternity.
New Positive Regulators of lin-12 Activity in Caenorhabditis elegans Include the BRE-5/Brainiac Glycosphingolipid Biosynthesis Enzyme
Authors: Katic Iskra , Vallier Laura G , Greenwald Iva
Published: September 2005

Screens for suppressors of lin-12 hypermorphic alleles in C. elegans have identified core components and modulators of the LIN-12/Notch signaling pathway. Here we describe the recovery of alleles of six new genes from a screen for suppressors of the egg-laying defect associated with elevated lin-12 activity. The molecular identification of one of the new suppressor genes revealed it as bre-5, which had previously been identified in screens for mutations that confer resistance to Bt toxin in C. elegans. bre-5 is the homolog of D. melanogaster brainiac. BRE-5/Brainiac catalyzes a step in the synthesis of glycosphingolipids, components of lipid rafts that are thought to act as platforms for association among certain kinds of membrane-bound proteins. Reducing the activity of several other genes involved in glycosphingolipid biosynthesis also suppresses the effects of constitutive lin-12 activity. Genetic analysis and cell ablation experiments suggest that bre-5 functions prior to ligand-induced ectodomain shedding that activates LIN-12 for signal transduction.
l7Rn6Encodes a Novel Protein Required for Clara Cell Function in Mouse Lung Development
Authors: Fernández-Valdivia Rodrigo , Zhang Ying , Pai Sonia , Metzker Michael L , Schumacher Armin
Published: September 2005

The highly secretory Clara cells play a pivotal role in protecting the lung against inflammation and oxidative stress. This study reports the positional cloning of a novel protein required for Clara cell physiology in mouse lung development. The perinatal lethal N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced l7Rn64234SB allele contained a nonsense mutation in the previously hypothetical gene NM_026304 on chromosome 7. Whereas l7Rn6 mRNA levels were indistinguishable from wild type, l7Rn64234SB homozygotes exhibited decreased expression of the truncated protein, suggesting protein instability. During late gestation, l7Rn6 was widely expressed in the cytoplasm of lung epithelial cells, whereas perinatal expression was restricted to the bronchiolar epithelium. Homozygosity for the l7Rn64234SB allele did not affect early steps in lung patterning, growth, or cellular differentiation. Rather, mutant lungs demonstrated severe emphysematous enlargement of the distal respiratory sacs at birth. Clara cell pathophysiology was evident from decreased cytoplasmic CCSP and SP-B protein levels, enlargement and disorganization of the Golgi complex, and formation of aberrant vesicular structures. Additional support for a role in the secretory pathway derived from l7Rn6 localization to the endoplasmic reticulum. Thus, l7Rn6 represents a novel protein required for organization and/or function of the secretory apparatus in Clara cells in mouse lung.
Wettability of Bionic Nanopapilla Particles and Their High Electrorheological Activity
Authors: Wang B. X. , Zhao X. P.
Published: September 2005

Inspired by the nano‐ and microscale structure of biological surfaces, a kind of nanopapilla particle possessing both nano‐ and microscale structure has been prepared via a hydrothermal method. The nanopapilla particles have been analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) methods, energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), etc. The results show that TiO2 nanopapillae are radially distributed on the surface of thin‐flake kaolinite. The BET surface area and the wettability of the nanopapilla particles show a marked improvement compared to kaolinite. Moreover, the oleophilic ability of the kaolinite/TiO2 nanopapilla particles spurs a very high electrorheological activity, which is about fifty times that of pure kaolinite. It is suggested that the significant electrorheological improvement can be attributed to the enhanced dielectric properties of the nanopapilla‐particle electrorheological fluid.
Modeling of an IGC experiment to analyze ternary polymer–solvent systems
Authors: Davis Peter K. , Duda J. Larry , Danner Ronald P.
Published: September 2005

A variation of the capillary column inverse gas chromatography (IGC) experiment is proposed to measure the thermodynamics and diffusion coefficients in ternary polymer–solvent–solvent systems, and a theoretical model has been developed for this proposed experiment. The model has been derived to include both main and mutual cross‐diffusion coefficients. Ternary vapor–liquid equilibria was represented by a coefficient matrix of the isotherm tangents. The governing equations of the model were uncoupled and solved using both an analytical Laplace transform technique and a numerical finite‐difference technique. Solution of the model shows that in the presence of strong cross‐diffusion and thermodynamic coefficients, unusual chromatographic behavior can be observed, suggesting that IGC can be a useful technique for measuring thermodynamic and mass‐transport properties of ternary polymer–solvent–solvent systems. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
DNA polymerase chain reaction: A model of error frequencies and extension rates
Authors: Griep Mark , Whitney Scott , Nelson Michael , Viljoen Hendrik
Published: September 2005

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is one of the most important reactions in molecular biology. The detailed mechanistic studies of the polymerase chain reaction have revealed a complex sequence of reversible reactions that involve intermediaries and activated complexes. The DNA polymerase does not merely facilitate the insertion of dNMP (deoxynucleotide monophosphates), but it also performs rapid screening of substrates to ensure a high degree of fidelity. The main result of this study is an expression for the average extension rate of the enzyme. The model is versatile and additional complexities, such as the type of nucleotide to be inserted, the GC content of the sequence in the vicinity of the insertion site, and the topology of the template, such as kinks and hairpins, are easy to incorporate. The insertion of incorrect nucleotides into the sequence is also addressed. Expressions to predict error frequencies are presented. It is shown that a relation exists between error frequency and extension rate: the error frequency is a minimum when the extension rate is optimal. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Reduction and carburization of metal oxides by methane‐containing gas
Authors: Ostrovski Oleg , Zhang Guangqing
Published: September 2005

This paper presents examination results of reduction and carburization of the oxides of iron, manganese, chromium, and titanium by CH4–H2–Ar gas mixture. The reactions were investigated in a laboratory fixed‐bed reactor in temperature‐programmed and isothermal‐reduction experiments. The extents and kinetics of the reduction of metal oxides as a function of gas composition and temperature were determined by on‐line, off‐gas analysis using a mass spectrometer. Methane‐containing gas with high carbon activity (above unity relative to graphite) provided strongly reducing conditions, in which metal oxides were reduced and carburized to metal carbides. Iron oxide was first reduced to metallic iron by hydrogen, and then metallic iron was carburized to cementite by methane. Manganese oxides were reduced to carbide Mn7C3; the product of reduction of chromium oxide was carbide Cr3C. Rutile was reduced to titanium oxycarbide in the following sequence: TiO2 → Ti5O9 → Ti4O7 → Ti3O5 → Ti2O3 → TiOxCy. Reduction by methane‐containing gas occurs through adsorption and dissociation of methane with formation of adsorbed active carbon. Deposition of solid carbon retards the reduction. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
A syndrome characterized by contractures and pterygia of upper body associated with umbilical hernia, short stature, and distinctive face in an Arabic family
Authors: Shalev Stavit A. , Spiegel Ronen , Hall Judith G.
Published: September 2005

A large Moslem Arabic family from the North of Israel is presented in which nine individuals are affected with short stature (5th centile and below), variable pterygium of neck or short neck with limited range of motion, pterygium of elbows, short palms, and brachydactyly. Other abnormalities of the fingers include syndactyly, camptodactyly, and/or hypermobility of the small joints. The face typically appeared long and myopathic. Ptosis was present with downslanting palpebral fissures, facial movements were reduced and the midface was flat. Umbilical hernia was present together with hypoplasia of the skin in the periumbilical area. The lower body region was unaffected in this family. The family is characterized by multiple consanguineous marriages, and the pedigree is consistent with autosomal recessive inheritance. The phenotype seems to be distinct from other multiple pterygium syndromes because the lower limbs are spared, and the umbilical hernia with hypoplastic skin has not been described previously. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
XX sex reversal, palmoplantar keratoderma, and predisposition to squamous cell carcinoma: Genetic analysis in one family
Authors: Radi Orietta , Parma Pietro , Imbeaud Sandrine , Nasca Maria Rita , Uccellatore Filippo , Maraschio Paola , Tiepolo Luciano , Micali Giuseppe , Camerino Giovanna
Published: September 2005

We describe a large inbred Sicilian family that includes four 46, XX (SRY−) brothers. Palmoplantar hyperkeratosis (PPK) and an associated predisposition to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin, segregates as a recessive trait within the family. Interestingly, all the PPK‐affected members of the family are phenotypic males (46,XY or 46,XX) while seven XX sibs are healthy phenotypic females with no signs of PPK. We propose that homozygosity for a single mutational event, possibly including contiguous genes, may cause PPK/SCC in both XY or XX individuals and sex reversal in XX individuals. The family is informative for linkage analysis for the PPK trait and allows linkage exclusion for the sex reversal trait. Here we show that 15 loci involved in PPK etiology, skin differentiation, function or malignancy, and nine loci involved in sex determination/differentiation are not implicated in the phenotype of this family. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel phenotype of craniosynostosis and ocular anterior chamber dysgenesis with a fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 mutation
Authors: McCann Emma , Kaye Stephen B. , Newman William , Norbury Gail , Black Graeme C.M. , Ellis Ian H.
Published: September 2005

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) mutations are associated with syndromic and non‐syndromic craniosynostoses. More recently it has been recognized that FGFR2 may have a role in the development of the anterior chamber of the eye following the finding of a specific FGFR2 mutation (p.Ser351Cys, c.1231 C → G) with anterior chamber dysgenesis. Affected patients had a severe craniofacial phenotype and clinical course. A child with a different FGFR2 mutation (p.Ala344Ala, c1032 G → A heterozygote), premature fusion of the sagittal suture, and an Axenfeld–Rieger anomaly but otherwise normal clinical course is reported. The case provides further evidence that FGFR2 has a role in anterior chamber embryogenesis. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Precision and error of three‐dimensional phenotypic measures acquired from 3dMD photogrammetric images
Authors: Aldridge Kristina , Boyadjiev Simeon A. , Capone George T. , DeLeon Valerie B. , Richtsmeier Joan T.
Published: September 2005

The genetic basis for complex phenotypes is currently of great interest for both clinical investigators and basic scientists. In order to acquire a thorough understanding of the translation from genotype to phenotype, highly precise measures of phenotypic variation are required. New technologies, such as 3D photogrammetry are being implemented in phenotypic studies due to their ability to collect data rapidly and non‐invasively. Before these systems can be broadly implemented, the error associated with data collected from images acquired using these technologies must be assessed. This study investigates the precision, error, and repeatability associated with anthropometric landmark coordinate data collected from 3D digital photogrammetric images acquired with the 3dMDface System. Precision, error due to the imaging system, error due to digitization of the images, and repeatability are assessed in a sample of children and adults (n = 15). Results show that data collected from images with the 3dMDface System are highly repeatable and precise. The average error associated with the placement of landmarks is sub‐millimeter; both the error due to digitization and due to the imaging system are very low. The few measures showing a higher degree of error include those crossing the labial fissure, which are influenced by even subtle movement of the mandible. These results suggest that 3D anthropometric data collected using the 3dMDface System are highly reliable and, therefore, useful for evaluation of clinical dysmorphology and surgery, analyses of genotype‐phenotype correlations, and inheritance of complex phenotypes. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ehlers–Danlos syndrome type VIB with characteristic facies, decreased curvatures of the spinal column, and joint contractures in two unrelated girls
Authors: Kosho Tomoki , Takahashi Jun , Ohashi Hirofumi , Nishimura Gen , Kato Hiroyuki , Fukushima Yoshimitsu
Published: September 2005

Two unrelated girls, aged 11 and 14 years, with clinical manifestations of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS) type VIB, characteristic facies, skeletal abnormalities, and other features are described. They had Marfanoid habitus with pectus excavatum; fragile, hyperextensible, and readily bruisable skin with widened, atrophic scars; recurrent hematomas; generalized joint laxity; hypotonia; scoliosis; and mild delay of gross motor development. Lysyl hydroxylase deficiency was ruled out in Patient 1. Parental consanguinity was present in Patient 2. They both had, in early childhood, down‐slanting palpebral fissures, drooping lower eyelids, short nose, small mouth, and long philtrum. Facial features that persisted included thick eyebrows, hypertelorism, strabismus, blue sclerae, low‐set, and slanted ears, hypoplastic columella, high‐arched palate, and thin upper lip. They had tubular stenosis of the phalanges, metacarpals, and metatarsals; decreased physiological curvatures of the spinal column with tall vertebrae; and joint contractures including talipes equinovarus and progressive talipes valgus. Their hearing of high‐pitched sounds was impaired. They had constipation and recurrent cystitis with an enlarged bladder. In view of these findings, we propose that these two girls represent a clinically recognizable subgroup of EDS type VIB. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic engineering of taxol biosynthetic genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: DeJong JingHong M. , Liu Yule , Bollon Arthur P. , Long Robert M. , Jennewein Stefan , Williams David , Croteau Rodney B.
Published: September 2005

Baccatin III, an intermediate of Taxol biosynthesis and a useful precursor for semisynthesis of the anti‐cancer drug, is produced in yew (Taxus) species by a sequence of 15 enzymatic steps from primary metabolism. Ten genes encoding enzymes of this extended pathway have been described, thereby permitting a preliminary attempt to reconstruct early steps of taxane diterpenoid (taxoid) metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a microbial production host. Eight of these taxoid biosynthetic genes were functionally expressed in yeast from episomal vectors containing one or more gene cassettes incorporating various epitope tags to permit protein surveillance and differentiation of those pathway enzymes of similar size. All eight recombinant proteins were readily detected by immunoblotting using specific monoclonal antibodies and each expressed protein was determined to be functional by in vitro enzyme assay, although activity levels differed considerably between enzyme types. Using three plasmids carrying different promoters and selection markers, genes encoding five sequential pathway steps leading from primary isoprenoid metabolism to the intermediate taxadien‐5α‐ acetoxy‐10β‐ol were installed in a single yeast host. Metabolite analysis showed that yeast isoprenoid precursors could be utilized in the reconstituted pathway because products accumulated from the first two engineered pathway steps (leading to the committed intermediate taxadiene); however, a pathway restriction was encountered at the first cytochrome P450 hydroxylation step. The means of overcoming this limitation are described in the context of further development of this novel approach for production of Taxol precursors and related taxoids in yeast. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Theoretical Prediction of Nobel Gas Containing Anions FNgO‐ (Ng: He, Ar, and Kr).
Authors: Li Tsung‐Hui , Mou Chun‐Hao , Chen Hui‐Ru , Hu Wei‐Ping
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ethylenediaminium Niobium Oxyfluoride.
Authors: Stephens Nicholas F. , Lightfoot Philip
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Spinel Ferrite/MnO Core/Shell Nanoparticles: Chemical Synthesis of All‐Oxide Exchange Biased Architectures.
Authors: Masala Ombretta , Seshadri Ram
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Prediction of Novel Phases of Tantalum(V) Nitride and Tungsten(VI) Nitride that Can Be Synthesized under High Pressure and High Temperature.
Authors: Kroll Peter , Schroeter Timon , Peters Martina
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparation of an Li0.7Ni0.8Co0.2O2 Electrode Material from a New Li—Co—Ni Mixed‐Citrate Precursor.
Authors: Mosqueda Yodalgis , Perez‐Cappe Eduardo , Aranda Pilar , Ruiz‐Hitzky Eduardo
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Self‐Assembled Vanadium Pentoxide (V2O5) Hollow Microspheres from Nanorods and Their Application in Lithium‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Cao An‐Min , Hu Jin‐Song , Liang Han‐Pu , Wan Li‐Jun
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A New Intermediate Intercalate in Superconducting Sodium‐Doped Hafnium Nitride Chloride.
Authors: Oro‐Sole Judith , Frontera Carlos , Martinez Benjamin , Beltran‐Porter Daniel , Palacin Maria Rosa , Fuertes Amparo
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Bright Chemiluminescence During the Solid‐Phase Reaction of Uranium(IV) Sulfate and Sodium Perxenate Powders.
Authors: Khazimullina Larisa N. , Antipin Vyacheslav A. , Mamykin Alexander V. , Tananaev Ivan G. , Kazakov Valerii P. , Myasoedov Boris F.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Supramolecular Assembly Based on a Heteropolyanion: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Na3(H2O)6 [Al(OH)6Mo6O18]×2H2O.
Authors: Shivaiah Vaddypally , Das Samar K.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Sr2MnSb2: A New Ternary Transition Metal Zintl Phase.
Authors: Park Seon‐Mi , Kim Sung‐Jin , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Properties of the Layered Copper(II) Oxide Na2Cu2TeO6.
Authors: Xu Jianxiao , Assoud Abdeljalil , Soheilnia Navid , Derakhshan Shahab , Cuthbert Heather L. , Greedan John E. , Whangbo Mike H. , Kleinke Holger
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Solvothermal Synthesis and the Structure of (NH4)2Ag6Sn3S10.
Authors: BaiYin Menghe , Ye Ling , An Yonglin , Liu Xin , Jia Cuiying , Ning Guiling
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Iron Porphyrins Anchored to a Thermosensitive Polymeric Core‐Shell Nanosphere as a Thermotropic Catalyst.
Authors: Choi Bo Gyu , Song Rita , Nam Wonwoo , Jeong Byeongmoon
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds Using Amidines as Their Ene‐1,1‐diamine Tautomers. Part 1. Synthesis of 4,5‐Dihydro‐3H‐pyridin‐2‐one, 3,4‐Dihydropyrrol‐2‐one and 1,3‐Dihydropyrrol‐2‐one Derivatives by the Reaction of Amidines with α,β‐Unsaturated Esters.
Authors: Ito Kunio , Kizuka Yoshiko , Hirano Yuji
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Efficient Preparation of β‐Dimethylaminovinyl Sulfone and Sulfoximide, and Investigation of Their Reactivity as Dipolarophiles.
Authors: Pesa Nela , Welch Chris J. , Boa Andrew N.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Solid State Deprotection of Thioacetals and Thioketals Using 1‐Benzyl‐4‐aza‐1‐azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane Periodate and Aluminum Chloride.
Authors: Hajipour Abdol Reza , Ruoho Arnold E.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
2‐Chloropyridazin‐3(2H)‐ones as Electrophilic Chlorinating Agents: Effective α‐Chlorination of Active Methylene/Methine Compounds.
Authors: Park Yong‐Dae , Kim Jeum‐Jong , Cho Su‐Dong , Lee Sang‐Gyeong , Falck J. Russell , Yoon Yong‐Jin
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Convenient Protocol for the α‐Iodination of α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds with I2 in an Aqueous Medium.
Authors: Krafft Marie E. , Cran John W.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparation of Multisubstituted Allenes from Allylsilanes.
Authors: Ogasawara Masamichi , Ge Yonghui , Uetake Koichi , Fan Liyan , Takahashi Tamotsu
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Silicaphosphine (Silphos): A Filterable Reagent for the Conversion of Alcohols and Thiols to Alkyl Bromides and Iodides.
Authors: Iranpoor Nasser , Firouzabadi Habib , Jamalian Arezu , Kazemi Foad
Published: September 2005

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The Direct Synthesis of Tertiary Amines with Three Different Substituents via the Reaction of Primary Amines, Alkyl Halides, and α‐Chlorine Substituted Allylsilanes Catalyzed by Lewis Acids.
Authors: Kozuka Makoto , Tsuchida Teruko , Mitani Michiharu
Published: September 2005

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Effect of Water on Keck′s Catalytic Asymmetric Allylations of Aldehydes.
Authors: Kurosu Michio , Lorca Miguel
Published: September 2005

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KHSO4‐Mediated Condensation Reactions of tert‐Butanesulfinamide with Aldehydes. Preparation of tert‐Butanesulfinyl Aldimines.
Authors: Huang Zhiyan , Zhang Min , Wang Yin , Qin Yong
Published: September 2005

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2,5‐Dichloro‐4,4‐ethylenedioxy‐3‐phenylsulfonyl‐2‐cyclopentenone in Nucleophilic Substitution and Addition Reactions
Authors: Ivanova N. A. , Usmanova F. G. , Miftakhov M. S.
Published: September 2005

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Highly Chemo‐ and Enantioselective Arylative Cyclization of Alkyne‐Tethered Electron‐Deficient Olefins Catalyzed by Rhodium Complexes with Chiral Dienes.
Authors: Shintani Ryo , Tsurusaki Akihiro , Okamoto Kazuhiro , Hayashi Tamio
Published: September 2005

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Bipyridinium Ionic Liquid Promoted Cross‐Coupling Reactions Between Perfluoroalkyl or Pentafluorophenyl Halides and Aryl Iodides.
Authors: Xiao Ji‐Chang , Ye Chengfeng , Shreeve Jean'ne M.
Published: September 2005

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N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Trifluoromethylation of Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Song Jinhua J. , Tan Zhulin , Reeves Jonathan T. , Gallou Fabrice , Yee Nathan K. , Senanayake Chris H.
Published: September 2005

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Tandem Hass—Bender/Henry Reaction for the Synthesis of Dimethylnitro Alcohols from Benzylic Halides.
Authors: Klein Thomas A. , Schkeryantz Jeffrey M.
Published: September 2005

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Interesting Acid‐Catalyzed O—N‐Type Smiles Rearrangement Reactions of 2‐Pyrimidinyloxy‐N‐arylbenzylamine Derivatives.
Authors: Wang Hao‐Yang , Liao Yuan‐Xi , Guo Yin‐Long , Tang Qing‐Hong , Lu Long
Published: September 2005

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Molecular Iodine Catalyzed Imine Activation for Three‐Component Nucleophilic Addition Reactions.
Authors: Lee Byoung Se , Mahajan Suresh , Janda Kim D.
Published: September 2005

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A Fast Procedure for the Preparation of Vicinal Azido Alcohols Using Polymer‐Supported Reagents.
Authors: Brenelli Eugenia Cristina Souza , Brenelli Jose Afranio , Pinto Raquel Cristina Laranjeira
Published: September 2005

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Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Aldehydes from Aryl Iodides and Acetic Formic Anhydride.
Authors: Cacchi Sandro , Fabrizi Giancarlo , Goggiamani Antonella
Published: September 2005

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Iodine as a Novel and Efficient Reagent for the Synthesis of α‐Aminonitriles by a Three‐Component Condensation of Carbonyl Compounds, Amines, and Trimethylsilyl Cyanide.
Authors: Royer Laurel , De Surya K. , Gibbs Richard A.
Published: September 2005

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Reactions of α‐Hydroxyketene Dithioacetals with Lawesson′s Reagent: An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of α,β‐Unsaturated Dithioesters.
Authors: Nair Satheesh K. , Jose Ann Maria , Asokan C. V.
Published: September 2005

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Synthesis of Polysubstituted‐2‐naphthols.
Authors: Juteau Helene , Gareau Yves , Lachance Hugo
Published: September 2005

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Novel Deoxygenation Reaction of Epoxides by Indium.
Authors: Mahesh Mohan , Murphy John A. , Wessel Hans Peter
Published: September 2005

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Synthesis of 1‐Acyl‐2‐oxo‐3‐pyrrolidinecarbonitriles by the Reaction of 2‐Acylamino‐4,5‐dihydro‐3‐furancarbonitriles with Sodium Iodide.
Authors: Yamagata Kenji , Okabe Fumi , Maruoka Hiroshi , Tagawa Yoshinobu
Published: September 2005

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Unusual Tosyl Transfer Solvolysis Reaction to 3‐n‐Butyl‐4‐methyl‐5,5‐di‐p‐toluenesulfonyl‐3‐pyrrolin‐2‐one.
Authors: Woydziak Zachary R. , Frost Brian J. , Lightner David A.
Published: September 2005

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Regioselectivity in the Reactions of Polyfunctionalized Pyrroles with Nucleophiles.
Authors: Zaytsev Andrey V. , Anderson Rosaleen J. , Meth‐Cohn Otto , Groundwater Paul W.
Published: September 2005

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The Three‐Component Reaction Involving Isocyanides, Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate and Quinoneimides: A Facile Synthesis of Spirofused γ‐Iminolactams.
Authors: Nair Vijay , Dhanya R. , Viji S.
Published: September 2005

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A Facile Synthesis of 7‐Chloromethyl‐1H‐indole‐2‐carboxylates: Replacement of a Sulfonic Acid Functionality by Chlorine.
Authors: Pete Bela , Varga Frigyes , Kovacs Janos
Published: September 2005

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A Novel Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydro‐1H‐thieno[3,4‐b]pyrroles via Ring Transformation of Cyclic Sulfonium Ylides by Titanium(IV) Chloride—Triethylamine System.
Authors: Maruoka Hiroshi , Yamagata Kenji , Okabe Fumi , Tomioka Yukihiko
Published: September 2005

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One‐Pot Friedel—Crafts/Robinson—Gabriel Synthesis of Oxazoles Using Oxazolone Templates.
Authors: Keni Manasi , Tepe Jetze J.
Published: September 2005

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First Halogen Dance Reaction on Oxazoles. Synthesis of 4,5‐Disubstituted 2‐Phenyloxazoles.
Authors: Stanetty Peter , Spina Markus , Mihovilovic Marko D.
Published: September 2005

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Stereoselective Cycloaddition on Carbohydrates for the Synthesis of New Bicyclic Oxazolidines Bearing a Quaternary Bridgehead.
Authors: Bashiardes George , Cano Celine , Mauze Bernard
Published: September 2005

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Reaction of 2‐Alkoxypropenals with 2‐Aminoethanethiol and Ring‐Chain Tautomerism of the Resulting 2‐(1‐Alkoxyvinyl)‐1,3‐thiazolidines.
Authors: Keiko N. A. , Funtikova E. A. , Stepanova L. G. , Larina L. I.
Published: September 2005

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A Convenient New Synthesis of Fused 1,2,4‐Triazoles: The Oxidation of Heterocyclic Hydrazones Using Copper Dichloride.
Authors: Ciesielski Michael , Pufky Daniela , Doering Manfred
Published: September 2005

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Highly Enantioselective Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reaction Between trans‐1‐Methoxy‐2‐methyl‐3‐trimethylsiloxybuta‐1,3‐diene and Aldehydes Catalyzed by (R)‐BINOL‐Ti(IV) Complex.
Authors: Gao Bo , Fu Zhengyan , Yu Zhipeng , Yu Lan , Huang Yaozong , Feng Xiaoming
Published: September 2005

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Synthesis of New 3‐(4‐Oxo‐4H‐chromen‐3‐yl)‐3a,6a‐dihydropyrrolo [3,4‐d]isoxazole‐4,6‐dione Derivatives by 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction
Authors: Xie Zhengfeng , Liu Fangming , Hui Yonghai , Liu Caihong , Sun Yadong
Published: September 2005

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Efficient Synthesis of 6‐[(R)‐1,1′‐Binaphthyl‐6‐]‐2,2′‐bipyridine Derivatives.
Authors: Jin Ri‐zhe , Bian Zheng , Kang Chuan‐qing , Guo Hai‐quan , Gao Lian‐xun
Published: September 2005

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A Facile Route to Sterically Hindered and Non‐Hindered 4′‐Aryl.2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridines.
Authors: Wang Jianhua , Hanan Garry S.
Published: September 2005

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A Versatile Synthesis of 7‐Azaindoles.
Authors: Schirok Hartmut
Published: September 2005

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A First Example Using o‐Iodoxybenzoic Acid (IBX) in Combination with Tetraethylammonium Bromide (TEAB) for Ring Expansion of 1,3‐Dithiolanes and 1,3‐Dithianes.
Authors: Shukla Vidyanand G. , Salgaonkar Paresh D. , Akamanchi Krishnacharya G.
Published: September 2005

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2‐Cyanopyridazin‐3(2H)‐ones: Effective and Chemoselective Electrophilic Cyanating Agents.
Authors: Kim Jeum‐Jong , Kweon Deok‐Heon , Cho Su‐Dong , Kim Ho‐Kyun , Jung Eun‐Young , Lee Sang‐Gyeong , Falck J. R. , Yoon Yong‐Jin
Published: September 2005

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Isomerization/Recyclization of Some 5‐Ethoxycarbonyl‐Pyrimidines.
Authors: Vardanyan R. S. , Hruby V. J. , Danagulyan G. G. , Mkrtchyan A. D.
Published: September 2005

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Fused Quinoline Heterocycles. Part 6. Synthesis of 5H‐1‐Thia‐3,5,6‐triazaaceanthrylenes and 5H‐1‐Thia‐3,4,5,6‐tetraazaaceanthrylenes.
Authors: Mekheimer Ramadan Ahmed , Sadek Kamal Usef , Abd El‐Nabi Hisham Ahmed , Abd El‐Hameid Mohamed Afaf , Ebraheem Ehab Anwer , Smith Michael B.
Published: September 2005

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Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2,4‐Diamino‐6‐methyl‐5‐substituted‐pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidines as Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitors.
Authors: Gangjee Aleem , Jain Hiteshkumar D. , Queener Sherry F.
Published: September 2005

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Quinolone Analogues. Part 8. Synthesis of 3‐Aminopyridazino[3,4‐b]quinoxalin‐4(1H)‐one.
Authors: Kurasawa Yoshihisa , Kawase Ayaka , Takizawa Jun , Maesaki Yuka , Kaji Eisuke , Okamoto Yoshihisa , Kim Ho Sik
Published: September 2005

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Design and Synthesis of Novel Sulfone‐Containing Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines and Pyrazolo[5,1‐d][1,2,3,5]tetrazine‐4(3H)‐ones.
Authors: Wu Yan‐Chao , Zou Xiao‐Mao , Hu Fang‐Zhong , Yang Hua‐Zheng
Published: September 2005

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A new Entry to Pyrazolo[4,3‐e][1,4]diazeoines. Facile Synthesis of Pyrazolo[4,3‐e][1,4]diazepin‐5,8‐diones, 5,6,7‐Triones and Pyrazolo[4,3‐e]pyrrolo‐[1,2‐a][1,4]diazepin‐5,10‐diones.
Authors: Reddy Nalla Ram , Reddy Ghanta Mahesh , Reddy Padi Pratap
Published: September 2005

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Dimethylmalonyltrialkylphosphoranes: Probing the Steric Effect on Phosphorus and Its Stereochemical Consequence in Esterification Reactions of Chiral Secondary Alcohols.
Authors: Dyck J. , Zavorine S. , Robertson A. J. , Capretta A. , Larichev V. , Britten J. , McNulty J.
Published: September 2005

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Studies Toward the Synthesis of Azadirachtin. Part 1. Total Synthesis of a Fully Functionalized ABC Ring Framework and Coupling with a Norbornene Domain
Authors: Nicolaou K. C. , Sasmal Pradip K. , Roecker A. J. , Sun Xiao‐Wen , Mandal Sunil , Converso Antonella
Published: September 2005

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Stereoselective Synthesis of (1R,5S)‐4‐[(E)‐Alkylidene]‐1,8,8‐trimethyl‐2‐oxabicyclo [3.2.1]octan‐3‐ones.
Authors: Groselj Uros , Bevk David , Jakse Renata , Meden Anton , Recnik Simon , Stanovnik Branko , Svete Jurij
Published: September 2005

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Highly Symmetrical Amino Acid‐Derived N,N′‐Diacylated Sulfodiimines.
Authors: Dehli Juan R. , Bolm Carsten
Published: September 2005

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New Prenylated Benzoic Acid Derivatives of Piper hispidum.
Authors: Friedrich U. , Siems K. , Solis P. N. , Gupta M. P. , Jenett‐Siems K.
Published: September 2005

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Exploiting the Maitland—Japp Reaction: A Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Centrolobine
Authors: Clarke Paul A. , Martin William H. C.
Published: September 2005

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Single‐Crystal Dendritic Micro‐Pines of Magnetic α‐Fe2O3: Large‐Scale Synthesis, Formation Mechanism, and Properties.
Authors: Cao Minhua , Liu Tianfu , Gao Song , Sun Genban , Wu Xinglong , Hu Changwen , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: September 2005

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Single‐Crystalline Iron Oxide Nanotubes.
Authors: Jia Chun‐Jiang , Sun Ling‐Dong , Yan Zheng‐Guang , You Li‐Ping , Luo Feng , Han Xiao‐Dong , Pang Yu‐Cheng , Zhang Ze , Yan Chun‐Hua
Published: September 2005

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The Chemistry of Carbonyl Clusters of Transition Metals Containing Labile and Hemilabile Ligands. Synthesis, Reactivity, and Prospects for Application
Authors: Tunik S. P.
Published: September 2005

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N‐Phosphinoylimines: An Emerging Class of Reactive Intermediates for Stereoselective Organic Synthesis
Authors: Weinreb Steven M. , Orr Robert K.
Published: September 2005

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Personal Reflections on Receiving the Roger Adams Award in Organic Chemistry
Authors: Meinwald Jerrold
Published: September 2005

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Some Applications of Ultrasound Irradiation in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Li Ji‐Tai , Wang Shu‐Xiang , Chen Guo‐Feng , Li Tong‐Shuang
Published: September 2005

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Reactions of Organic Nitrogen Compounds with Carbenoids and Diarylketenes from Diazoalkanes and Diazocarbonyls
Authors: Singh G. S.
Published: September 2005

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