bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GOLPES Y BRAZOS EN CRUZ: EL CASTIGO ESCOLAR EN LA ESCUELA PÚBLICA FRANQUISTA (1938-1951)
Authors: Velasco Miriam Sonlleva
Published: September 2019

Resumen La disciplina escolar es uno de los fenómenos más presentes en la historia de la educación. La investigación que presentamos trata de conocer cómo fue vivida esta disciplina en las escuelas públicas franquistas. Para ello utilizamos el método biográfico-narrativo, asentado en cuatro relatos de vida de dos hombres y dos mujeres, que vivieron su escolaridad en España entre 1938 y 1951. Sus testimonios revelan cómo el maestro se presentó como la figura clave para el adoctrinamiento de los menores y sus actuaciones fueron respaldadas por las familias, la Iglesia y el Estado. Los castigos tanto físicos como psicológicos que sufrieron los escolares condicionaron su vida adulta y permanecen intactos en su memoria, dando muestras de cómo la educación autoritaria influye negativamente en las biografías de todas aquellas personas que la sufrieron durante su infancia.
PODE A POLÍTICA PÚBLICA MENTIR? A BASE NACIONAL COMUM CURRICULAR E A DISPUTA DA QUALIDADE EDUCACIONAL
Authors: Girotto Eduardo Donizeti
Published: September 2019

RESUMO: No presente artigo, argumentamos que a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), aprovada em 2017, não busca enfrentar as desigualdades educacionais brasileiras, uma vez que não problematiza as condições materiais das escolas públicas e do exercício da docência. Para tanto, analisamos dados sobre infraestrutura, formação docente, perfil socioeconômico dos estudantes disponíveis no Censo Escolar de 2017, bem como nos microdados do Sistema de Avaliação da Educação Básica (SAEB) de 2015. Os dados apontam a manutenção de um quadro de desigualdade na educação brasileira com possíveis implicações nos processos de ensino-aprendizagem. Em nossa perspectiva, sem o enfrentamento de tais condições, qualquer proposta de alteração curricular poderá se configurar como mecanismo de gestão da desigualdade, verificado em outras políticas educacionais recentes no Brasil sob a lógica da Nova Gestão Pública.
Integralidade, intersetorialidade e cuidado em saúde: caminhos para se enfrentar o suicídio
Authors: Santos Luciana Almeida , Kind Luciana
Published: September 2019

O suicídio é um sério problema de saúde pública, causa um elevado custo emocional, social e econômico para o paciente, familiares e serviços de saúde. Este trabalho objetivou realizar uma revisão narrativa da literatura sobre integralidade, intersetorialidade e cuidado em saúde, buscando articular esses termos à prevenção do suicídio e ao tratamento de pessoas com comportamento suicida. Embora esses termos sejam utilizados com consenso nas políticas públicas brasileiras de saúde, há, ainda, uma grande distância entre a teoria e práticas que ainda reforçam um modelo hospitalocêntrico, biologista, verticalizado e longe de rotinas que garantam a autonomia e construção de vínculos responsáveis entre usuários e trabalhadores e entre diferentes setores. Rever, criticamente, essas ações e espelhar em planos com bons resultados podem ser saídas para a prevenção do suicídio.
Desafios para a Educação Permanente em Saúde Indígena: adequando o atendimento do Sistema Único de Saúde no sul do Brasil
Authors: Landgraf Julia , Imazu Nayara Emy , Rosado Rosa Maris
Published: September 2019

Este relato de experiência visa qualificar a realização de atividades de Educação Permanente em saúde indígena no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) em prol da consolidação de direitos. Atividades de Educação Permanente foram realizadas em serviços do SUS. Os principais resultados deste artigo demonstram o desconhecimento a respeito dos povos indígenas na região e das especificidades da saúde indígena. Aspectos burocráticos e organizativos dos serviços são colocados como dificultadores, ainda que a equidade seja um princípio constitutivo do mesmo sistema. A presença de indígenas nas capacitações abriu espaço para uma construção conjunta com o público atendido. A atenção diferenciada é vista por muitos trabalhadores da saúde como um privilégio, sendo necessário que desigualdades étnico-raciais e diferenças culturais sejam compreendidas pelos profissionais em busca da efetivação da universalidade e equidade previstas no SUS e do fortalecimento da Política Nacional de Atenção à Saúde dos Povos Indígenas (PNASPI).
O papel da avaliação CAPES no processo de internacionalização da Pós-Graduação em Educação no Brasil (2010-2016)
Authors: Paiva Flavia Melville , Brito Silvia Helena Andrade de
Published: September 2019

Entre as diretrizes que se tornaram importantes para a pós-graduação nos anos 2000, inclusive aquela voltada para a área da Educação, está a internacionalização. Nesse sentido, a internacionalização passou a figurar com um dos elementos valorizados pelas políticas educacionais para a pós-graduação no Brasil. O objeto deste artigo se volta exatamente para o papel desempenhado pela CAPES, por meio do processo avaliativo que dirige, como indutora do processo de internacionalização da pós-graduação brasileira. O objetivo geral do trabalho é analisar que internacionalização vem sendo valorizada pelas políticas públicas, e seus desdobramentos para a área da Educação. Para tanto, são considerados os documentos que expressam tais políticas, e seus impactos para a pós-graduação em Educação, considerando principalmente a mobilidade docente e discente. Nessa direção, atestam-se as dificuldades decorrentes do fato de que a área Educação não é considerada prioritária no processo de internacionalização em curso, o que se expressa no pouco acesso a recursos para tal, ou a desvalorização da internacionalização Sul-Sul, aquela na qual a área é mais expressiva.
Okul Öncesi Öğretmen Adaylarının Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu olan Çocuklara İlişkin Bilgi ve Tutumlarının İncelenmesi
Authors: HACIİBRAHİMOĞLU Binnur , USTAOĞLU Ayşegül
Published: September 2019

Okul öncesi öğretmen adaylarının otizm spektrum
bozukluğu olan çocuklara ilişkin bilgi ve tutumlarını incelemek amacıyla
gerçekleştirilen bu çalışma, betimsel tarama deseninde yürütülmüştür.
Araştırma okul öncesi öğretmenliği üçüncü ve son sınıfta öğrenimine devam eden
193 öğretmen adayı ile yürütülmüştür. 
Araştırmada “Otizm Kaynaştırma Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Ölçme aracı bilgi
ve tutum boyutu olmak üzere iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Ölçeğin öğretmen adaylarının
otizm spektrum bozukluğu olan çocuklara yönelik bilgilerinin elde edilmesi
amacıyla kullanılan bölümü “doğru, yanlış ve bilmiyorum” kategorilerine göre
derecelendirilmiştir. Ölçekte yer alan otizmli çocukların kaynaştırılmasına
ilişkin tutum bölümü ise öğretmen adaylarının belirtilen görüşlere katılıp
katılmama durumu yedi dereceli likert tipi maddelerden oluşmaktadır.
Araştırmada, öğretmen adaylarının tutum ve bilgi düzeylerinin, adayların
özelliklerine göre anlamlı bir farklılık oluşturup oluşturmadığını belirlemek
amacıyla bağımsız örneklemler için t-testi istatistiksel yöntemi
kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre öğretmen adaylarının otizm spektrum
bozukluğu olan çocuklara yönelik tutumlarının otizm konusunda eğitim alma
durumuna göre farklılaştığı tespit edilmiştir. Sınıf düzeyi, otizmli çocukla
çalışma ve özel eğitim dersi alma değişkenlerine göre öğretmen adaylarının
tutumlarında farklılık tespit edilmemiştir. 
Çalışmanın bilgi düzeyi boyutunda ise öğretmen adaylarının genel olarak
otizme yönelik bilgilerinin yeterli olmadığı elde edilmiştir. Öğretmen
adaylarının bilgi formunda özellikle altı maddeye ilişkin yanlış bilgiye sahip
oldukları tespit edilmiştir.
Perceptions of intern physicians about nursing profession: a qualitative research
Authors: ÇETİNKAYA Aynur , RAHMAN Süheyla , ELBİ Hüseyin , ALTAN Selim
Published: September 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine how the concept of ‘nursing’ was perceived by intern doctors working at a medical faculty hospital. Materials and Methods: This study used a qualitative approach. The study was conducted at a medical faculty with intern doctors using the word association test, and a conceptual analysis of the nursing profession was conducted. Study participants comprised 54 intern doctors (30 males and 24 females) who voluntarily participated in the study, and the saturation point was considered (n=54).Results: Tags and frequency numbers of the themes were as follows: task conflict (f=62), negative perception burden (f=128) and professional nursing perception (f=117). The participants stated that nurses sometimes acted as physicians (occupational disorder). Nursing-related professional identity items included expressions such as altruism, devotion and self-sacrifice. The participants expressed a negative perception of nursing (e.g. sullenness and aggressiveness).Conclusion: According to the results of the study, negative perception about nursing is dominant among the intern doctors. At the point of changing relations between colleagues, interprofessional education can be applied at the undergraduate level. Joint courses should be conducted under the name of doctor-nurse cooperation. However, the answers to some questions in clinical practice can help improve professional cooperation between nurses and physicians: Why cannot we turn negative perception into a positive one? And can interprofessional learning help?
Спираль усложнения насилия: востребованность гуманистической политики
Authors: Кравченко Сергей
Published: September 2019

Рассматривается эффект усложнения насилия, выражающийся в переходе от традиционных, относительно “простых” его форм ко все более сложным. Автор показывает несостоятельность исторически сложившихся двух доминирующих подходов к “преодолению” насилия посредством: 1) ответного насилия в отношении первичного насилия и 2) “лечения” насилия с помощью формальной рационализации жизнедеятельности людей, что фактически ведет не к его отрицанию, а к наложению одних форм насилия на другие, к заменам явно жестких проявлений на “мягкие”. В результате образуются все более сложные формы насилия – данный эффект автор определяет как спираль усложнения насилия. Раскрываются факторы, обусловившие его динамику, среди которых: ускоряющаяся смена материальных, экономических и социальных условий жизни людей под влиянием промышленных революций; возникновение глобо-локо-анклавных взаимозависимостей, сопровождающихся ростом сложных насилий между цивилизациями, государствами, негосударственными образованиями; антропогенное насилие на планету. Становление сложных форм насилия имеет амбивалентные последствия на характер взаимодействия социальных акторов: с одной стороны, возникли невиданные ранее вызовы в виде приватизированного насилия, войн “гибридного неправового-легитимного типа”, нелегитимных санкций, “текучего зла”, но с другой стороны, – создаются мосты, способствующие интеграции людей и культур. По мнению автора, последствия спирали усложнения насилия диктуют необходимость перехода к новым трендам развития человеческих отношений, осуществления поисков ответов на возникшие вызовы в контексте осуществления гуманистической политики. Особое значение имеет принятие гуманистического поворота в развитии современного знания. В практическом плане данный поворот необходим для выработки адекватных стратегий в отношении метаморфоз насилия.
Association between various antioxidants in normals and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, their alteration and impact of smoking and disease on levels of antioxidants
Authors: Bhatia Kapil , Ambade Vivek N. , Sontakke Alka , Basannar Dashrath
Published: September 2019

Background: There is total alteration of various antioxidants in response to the oxidative stress, which is one of the major patho-physiologic hallmarks in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) development. This study aims to establish the correlation between different antioxidants in normals and COPD, study the alteration in the correlation due to COPD and smoking as well as the impact of COPD and smoking on antioxidants levels.Methods: Study comprises of 96 normals as group I and 96 COPD patients as group II. The antioxidants albumin (Alb), bilirubin (Bil), uric acid (UA) ceruloplasmin (Cp), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) were estimated.Results: Significant lower serum Alb, UA, SOD3 and increased serum Cp and GSHPx were found in Group II. Significant correlation was found between Alb and UA (r=0.24); Bil and UA (r=0.26); Alb and CAT (r=0.211) and SOD3 and CAT (r=0.318) in normals. However, these correlations were altered in COPD where Alb correlates with Bil (r=0.235); UA with CAT (r=0.203) and SOD3 with GSHPx (r=-0.27). The correlation between SOD3 and CAT remained unaltered. Similar correlation of UA with Alb and Bil was observed in nonsmoker normals and between SOD3 and CAT in smoker normals. In COPD, no correlation was seen in nonsmokers, while in smokers Alb correlates with Bil (r=0.316) and SOD3 with CAT (r=0.317).Conclusions: These alterations may have clinical ramifications in further understanding the pathogenesis of COPD and developing therapeutic approaches.
Effect of reminiscence group therapy on depression, self-esteem and loneliness among elderly women residing in old age home
Authors: Sahu Ipsita , Mohanty Sailabala , Pahantasingh Suchismita
Published: September 2019

Background: Elderly women residing in old age home requires greater adaptability. Prevalence of depression, low self-esteem and feelings of loneliness are more among them. RGT has proven as a most effective alternative intervention especially for elderly at minimizing these above outcomes. Therefore, the present study assessed the effect of RGT on depression, self-esteem and loneliness among elderly women residing in old age home.Methods: Quantitative Research approach and quasi- experimental design was adopted. A total of 50 elderly women aged ³60yrs residing in Nirmal Hriday, Missionaries of charity old age home, Bhubaneswar were selected for experimental (N=25) and control (N=25) group by using purposive sampling. Baseline data were collected by using Socio demographic data Performa, Geriatric depression scale, Rosenberg self-esteem scale and UCLA loneliness scale after getting written informed consent from each participant. Total 3 biweekly reminiscence sessions for 45 minutes was held by dividing the experimental group into 4 groups.Results: Analysis revealed that after RGT, the experimental group showed that level of depression was decreased (before intervention 10.08±1.41 and after intervention 6.36±1.38), self-esteem was improved (before intervention 23.4±2.69 and after intervention 29.56±2.58) and loneliness was reduced (before intervention 36.92±4.57 and after intervention 20.96±5.09) significantly. There was a statistically significant difference found in depression, self-esteem and loneliness scores among experimental group as compared to control group (p<0.0001).Conclusions: On the findings of the study it was concluded that RGT yielded positive effects among elderly women residing in old age home.
Evaluate the differences in serum magnesium levels and lipid profile with correlation of hemoglobin A1C levels in type 2 diabetes patients: a case control study
Authors: Gupta B.B. , Vaidya S.A. , Bhandari Mahak , Behl Simran , Kosta Susmit
Published: September 2019

Background: Magnesium deficiency is a common problem in diabetic patients. Magnesium deficiency may increase the incidence of Type 2 Diabetic (T2D) and occurrence complications. Objective of this study aimed at determining the differences in serum magnesium levels and lipid profile among patients newly diagnosed with T2D and normoglycemic individuals.Methods: The cross sectional observation study design was conducted at Sri Aurobindo Medical College, from March 2018 to April 2019. Source populations were all patients who attending to the OPD, Department of General Medicine. A total of 75 patients were enrolled in this study. This study was divided in two group’s cases group (T2D) and second control group (Non-diabetic). First group not initiated on any oral-hypoglycaemic, anti-hypertensive or lipid lowering drugs, and healthy patients were included in control group.Results: Triglycerides (TG), Total Cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) showed significantly (p<0.001) higher mean levels in T2D compared to the controls. The Magnesium and High-Density Lipoproteins-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were significantly (p<0.001) lower among the T2D group compared to the control group. There was a significant inverse correlation (r2= 0.567, p<0.001) between Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) levels and serum magnesium.Conclusions: Serum magnesium levels and lipid profile were significantly different in T2D patients compared to control group.
Relationship between comorbid factors and mortality of inhalation trauma patients in Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar
Authors: Afianto Nurhidayat , Rieuwpassa A. J. , Seweng Arifin , Lawile Alwi
Published: September 2019

Background: Inhalation trauma is the leading cause of death in burn patients. Inhalation trauma is caused mainly by inhalant poisons such as smoke, gas and steam. Many patients die immediately at the scene due to inhalation trauma. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between comorbid factors and mortality rates in patients with inhalation trauma.Methods: The research design was analytical research method with cross sectional design. The study sample consisted of 26 people (51.0%) inhalation trauma and 25 people (49.0%) without inhalation trauma obtained by consecutive sampling.Results: There was a significant relationship between inhalation trauma and death outcomes (p<0.001). The proportion of deaths in inhalation trauma (65.4%) was significantly higher than in nonhaled trauma (16.0%). There was no significant relationship between DM and outcome (p>0.05). There was no significant relationship between hypertension and outcome of death (p>0.05). There is a significant relationship between onset and outcome (p<0.05). The proportion of deaths at <24 hours onset (35.6%) was significantly lower than at onset >24 hours (83.3%). The mean blood glucose level of dead patients was higher than that of alive, which was 124.4 compared to 114.9 but was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Both the mean systole and diastole pressures of the dead patients showed significantly lower results than that of alive, i.e., the mean systole was 101.2 compared to 114.1 (p<0.05) and the mean diastole was 62.2 versus 71.4 (p<0.05).Conclusions: According to the results of the study, it was found that there was a relationship between the onset of more than 24 hours, high GDS levels, and lower blood pressure to mortality.
Melioidosis: a case series from coastal Karnataka, India
Authors: Shenoy Shabari M. , Vaidya Ankith , Subramanya Chethan
Published: September 2019

Melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by gram negative bacteria B. pseudomallei. The disease is largely under diagnosed globally. Sporadic cases have been reported from India, distributed mostly in the coastal areas. Authors present a series of seven culture proven cases of Melioidosis treated at a tertiary care Hospital in the coastal city of Mangalore in South India.
Laparoscopic excision of large omental cyst at department of pediatric surgery in Sanglah general hospital, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Oka Kasuma Dewi A. A. A. , Ariyanta Kadek Deddy
Published: September 2019

Omental cyst is rare. All conditions most likely being of congenital or benign neoplastic lymphatic origin. Patients with Omental cysts usually present with abdominal distention and a painless abdominal mass. The most common physical finding of an omental cyst is a freely movable abdominal mass. The diagnostic procedure include CT scans. Complete excision by open or laparoscopically of the cysts is considered as the treatment of choice. Recurrence and malignant deterioration of omental cysts are rare. A case report of a large omental cyst which had been laparoscopically-treated using morcellator. Laparoscopic morcellation  is a technique used in gynecological surgeries such as hysterectomy and myomectomy to remove uteri and uterine fibroids (leiomyomas) through a small abdominal incision. Authors present a case of 3 year old female with pre-operative assessment tumor intra-abdominal suspect abdominal cyst. Subsequently, laparoscopic resection of omental cyst with morcellator was performed. The histopathological report was omental cyst. Omental cysts are rare, but can be shown to have atypical abdominal symptoms and radiologic findings, so clinicians must keep in mind that omental cysts causing abdominal symptoms can be misdiagnosed as simple ovarian cysts of inflammation. Omental cysts can be removed safety laparoscopically with morcellator without bowel or vessel injury.
Results of open reduction and fixed angle locked volar plate fixation for fracture lower end of radius
Authors: Kumar Gaurav , Vijay Varun
Published: September 2019

Background: The fracture of lower end radius is the most common fracture of upper extremity encountered in practice. Intra-articular fractures of distal radius present a challenging task to the operating surgeon. Open reduction and internal fixation using volar fixed-angle plates has shown to be a valid treatment option for unstable, dorsally displaced distal radial fractures. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the functional outcome of unstable distal radius fractures treated with fixed angle volar locking plate.

Methods: The current study aimed at using fixed angle volar locking plate to treat unstable distal radius fractures. A total of 25 patients records were studied comprising of 19 males and 6 females with a mean of 44.5 years and followed up for a maximum of 1.5 year. Fractures were classified using the AO classification. The interpretation of functional outcome was done according to Mayo Wrist Score.

Results: At final functional assessment, according to the Mayo wrist score, the scores of 6 patients were excellent, 10 patients good, 8 patients satisfactory and 1 patient poor. No non-union was reported in any patients. 3 patients developed minor complications in the form of superficial infection, hypertrophic scar and reflex sympathetic dystrophy and 1 patient developed major complication in the form of deep infection.

Conclusions: Primary volar plate fixation of unstable distal radius fracture provides a stable construct that helps in early mobilization, better functional outcome and minimizes chances of complications and thereby is the treatment of choice for fracture distal end of radius.
Sapindus emarginatus extract embedded with gold nanoparticles: An antiproliferative agent against MCF7 breast cancer cell line
Authors: Kumar S. Vignesh , Kavimani V.
Published: September 2019

There are numerous studies reported on the usage of the Sapindus emarginatus (SE) fruit in cancer and other treatments in the past few years. In this study, crude SE fruit extract was prepared and it was further used to synthesis gold nanoparticles (Au Nps). The synthesized Au Nps were left embedded in the SE fruit extract. The Au Nps embedded in the SE fruit extract (SE-Au Nps) were characterized using UV Vis spectroscopy, Centrifugal particle size analyzer (CPS), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). MTT assay was carried out for both SE fruit extract and SE-Au Nps on MCF7 breast cancer cell line and compared. The UV- Vis Absorbance for the SE-Au Nps was obtained at 543nm. The centrifugal particle size analysis of the Au Nps embedded in SE fruit extract showed the size of the nanoparticles to be widely varying with higher fraction of particles between the size ranges of 15 to 20nm. The morphology of the Au Nps embedded in SE fruit extract was observed using SEM. The presence of Au Nps in SE fruit extract was confirmed using FTIR. The results of the MTT assay on MCF7 breast cancer cell line proved that the %cell viability was less for SE-Au Nps than that of the SE fruit extract alone. Thus the antiproliferative activity of the SE fruit extract was significantly enhanced by embedding it with Au Nps and it can be effectively used in therapeutic applications after further studies. 
CONVENTION NORMS ABOUT THE RESOCIALIZATION OF CONVICTS
Authors: Adoyevskaya O. A.
Published: September 2019

The article deals with the problems of guaranteeing the rights of convicts and persons who have served a sentence and have been released from it, taking into account conventional norms. The norms of the UN Convention against Torture and Other Same-Wanted, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984), the Council of Europe Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (1950), the UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of prisoners (Rules of Nelson Mandela (2015) and other international acts guaranteeing the rights of convicts. The problems of formation of the Russian penitentiary policy in the field of re-socialization of convicts are shown. The ways of improving the norms of the criminal-executive legislation on the main means of correction aimed at the re-socialization of convicts after serving the sentence: educational work, socially useful work, vocational training and social impact are proposed. It is proposed in the penal legislation to provide for the profiling of correctional institutions for certain types of production activities, including on the basis of public-private partnership. The conclusion is made about the need to cooperate production activities in the institutions of the penitentiary system with similar production activities in other organizations in order to further employment of the convicted person in these organizations.
EARLY RELEASE FROM BREAKDOWN PENALTIES: COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE CRIMINAL LEGISLATION OF THE DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF KOREA AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Skiba A. P. , Kovsh A. V. , Myakhanova A. N.
Published: September 2019

The article presents a comparative legal analysis of a number of norms of the North Korean and Russian criminal legislation regulating early release from serving a sentence. The types of early release from serving the sentence and their content are considered, as well as some features of the North Korean criminal law regulation are revealed. Articles of the Criminal Code of the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea containing the aspects under consideration are structurally included in the Chapter of Punishment, in particular: special pardon and amnesty (Article 54); reduction of sentence and early release (Article 55); legal status of the person who has served the sentence (Article 56). Special attention is paid to the application of amnesty, pardon, as well as early release from serving a sentence based on the good behavior of the convicted person. In addition, the North Korean system of criminal penalties is shown. The authors version of Article 54 of the Criminal Code of the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea Special pardon and amnesty is formulated.
MAIN SOURCES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AND THEIR HIERARCHICAL RELATIONSHIP (PART 2)
Authors: Krivocapich B.
Published: September 2019

The question of the sources of international law, which of them are the most important and the hierarchical relationship between them is not one of the most important, but at the same time the eternal problem of science and practice of international law. The answer determines the attitude to other (specific) problems. In addition, this category is changeless, it is in constant development, which means that it is necessary to return to it from time to time and consider it in the light of new events and relationships. For this reason, the author of the article chose this particular topic, trying to reveal it in a slightly different way than is customary in legal literature. A special intention was to point out the relativity of classifications and conclusions, as well as the growing role of decisions of international organizations. There was also a desire to provoke a scientific debate about the issues raised. The article consists of three parts. The first provides a brief overview of the sources of international law, and the author, unlike the generally accepted approach, distinguishes between the main and most important sources of international law. The second part deals with the problem of importance and interrelation of the most important sources of international law - international treaties, international legal customs and decisions of international organizations. In the third and final part, the author points to the identified problems. He particularly emphasizes the fact that in international law there is no rigid hierarchy between the norms of the most important sources of this right, as well as the fact that in the future, due to the irrepressible processes of globalization, we can expect an increase in the role of decisions of international organizations.
CAUSING HARM BY MEDICAL WORKERS UNDER EXECUTION OF PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES: SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE SUBJECTIVE`S SIDE
Authors: Askov N. N.
Published: September 2019

The article analyzes the peculiarities of the subjective side of the cause of harm by medical workers in the implementation of medical interventions of various kinds in clinical situations. Emphasis is placed on the conditions of legality of extreme necessity and justified risk, specified in the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation, for the purpose of criminal legal assessment of practical activities of medical workers, in particular, the reality of the danger and the extreme of the chosen method of preventing more harm when absolutely necessary; the inability to achieve the goal without risky actions and the application of sufficient measures by the person to prevent harm to a reasonable risk. The difficulties encountered in the practice of a medical worker, calling into question the possibility of compliance with these conditions are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the issue of taking into account professional experience and experience of a medical worker in the criminal law qualification of his actions. A new article The conscientious performance of professional duties has been proposed for introduction into Chapter 8 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR IMPROVEMENT OF TECHNICAL AND FORENSIC PROVIDING IN CUSTOMS AUTHORITIES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Makarenko V. G.
Published: September 2019

In the present article the author gives a general characteristic of the system of Ongoing Forensic Support system for law-enforcement activity (OFS) existing in customs authorities and the analysis of processes of implementation of technical and criminalistic activity within the specified system is given. Also general provisions of the special document which formalization is intended to create the multilevel system of forensic providing not only law-enforcement activity, but also in the field of realization of functions of customs control are provided in paper. The author points to the relevance of measures to improve the processes under consideration, in view of the organizational and staff changes that have taken place in the customs authorities of Russia over the past few years, which may affect the accuracy of law enforcement in terms of the validity of decisions taken and obtaining substantial evidence in criminal cases on customs cases of violation of customs regulations. The set of measures proposed by the author creates the ground for the subsequent discussion in the branch of law under consideration, as well as the theory of customs.
LEGISLATION IN THE FIELD OF PERSONAL DATA AS AN INSTITUTION OF INFORMATION LEGISLATION
Authors: Ruzanova V. D.
Published: September 2019

The article, on the basis of the theory of doubling the structure of law, considers the problems of building a system of legislation in the field of personal data through the prism of its membership in the institutions of information legislation. The author makes an attempt to establish the correlation of normative legal acts within this institution and to determine their points of contact with the acts of sectoral legislation. The author concludes that the specified institution is rapidly growing and acquires the features of multi-structure due to the quantitative and qualitative dynamics of the subject of legal regulation. It is noted that the close connection of the named type of information with an individual predetermines the unity of fundamental approaches to the legal regulation of relations arising here. At the same time, the ramification of the personal data itself and their spheres of application is the basis for a significant internal differentiation of this institution, manifested in the presence of sub-institutions in its composition. As an example, the subinstitute of biometric personal data is analyzed, the structure of which as one of its elements includes a set of regulatory legal acts establishing the mode of genomic information.
DIGITALIZATION AS A WAY OF OPTIMIZING THE MECHANISM OF PROTECTION OF CIVIL RIGHTS IN THE FIELD OF CIVIL JURISDICTION
Authors: Gritsay O. V. , Gubina E. N.
Published: September 2019

The article deals with the issues of ensuring the protection of rights and legally protected interests of legal entities in the field of civil jurisdiction, taking into account the modern trend of digitalization of the civil process. The Federal Targeted Program Development of the Russian Judicial System for 20132020 and a number of changes adopted in the Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation, the Federal Law On Enforcement Proceedings and other acts are designed to ensure the transition to compulsory execution in electronic form. In this regard, there is a discussion in the scientific community about the need and feasibility of introducing e-justice in Russia and the use of artificial intelligence technologies in resolving cases. In foreign practice, certain elements of e-justice are already used. The study analyzed the arguments of the participants in the discussion. In general, the judicial community and practitioners are wary of possible innovations, especially the idea of artificial intelligence technologies. A new result of the research is the proposal on the algorithmization of clerical court proceedings as a digital service and subsequent algorithmization of some elements of the enforcement proceedings.
Prevalensi Infeksi Nematoda Gastrointestinal pada Sapi Bali di Lahan Basah dan Kering di Kabupaten Badung
Authors: Ariawan Kadek Yudha , Apsari Ida Ayu Pasti , Dwinata I Made
Published: September 2019

Pemeliharaan sapi bali di Bali masih ada yang menggunakan sistem pemeliharaan semi intensif. Sapi yang dipelihara biasanya digembalakan pada lahan-lahan yang terbuka baik itu lahan basah (wetland) maupun lahan kering berkapur (dryland). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi dan jenis nematoda gastrointestinal sapi bali yang dipelihara secara semi intensif di daerah lahan basah dan kering berkapur di Kabupaten Badung, serta hubungan kondisi lahan suatu daerah terhadap prevalensi infeksi cacing nematoda gastrointestinal. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan adalah 182 feses sapi, dimana 75 sampel berasal dari lahan basah dan 107 sampel berasal dari lahan kering berkapur. Sampel diperiksa dengan menggunakan metode konsentrasi apung dengan zat pengapung gula Sheather. Identifikasi dilakukan berdasarkan morfologi telur cacing. Prevalensi infeksi nematoda gastrointestinal di Kabupaten Badung adalah 70,9% (129/182) dengan prevalensi di daerah lahan basah 73,3% (55/75) dan di daerah lahan kering 69,2% (74/107). Berdasarkan analisis dengan Chi-square, kondisi lahan tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap prevalensi infeksi nematoda gastrointestinal. Jenis cacing nematoda gastrointestinal yang ditemukan adalah cacing tipe Strongyle 69,8% (127/182), Strongyloides papillosus 11,5% (21/182), Trichuris sp. 3,8% (7/182), Toxocara vitulorum 1,6% (3/182), dan Capillaria sp. 1,1% (2/182).
Contesting the Geneticization Thesis in Human Reproduction: Dealing with Spiral Shaped Processes and Technoscientific Imaginaries
Authors: Alon Ido , Guimon Jose , Urbanos-Garrido Rosa
Published: September 2019

This paper questions the potential shift of reproduction towards assisted reproductive technologies due to benefits provided by genetic manipulation of embryos. In order to examine the viability of such a shift and its implications from a regulatory perspective, we relied on two panels of experts from Israel and Spain, using the Delphi method and a series of in-depth interviews. We anticipate, at a first stage, a continuous-steady growth in the use of IVF, supplemented by preimplantation genetic diagnosis and the introduction of CRISPR/Cas. At a second stage, attracting a growing share of fertile people would require developments in genomics. While it is unclear whether these developments will fully materialize, they could be replaced by technoscientific imaginaries generating perceived benefits. We conclude that the regulation of reproductive genetics is becoming more critical and complex. The aim should be to ensure good practices and equity, while providing more information to the public. A broad and inclusive societal debate may overcome the difficulty of drawing a clear line between medical uses and non-medical uses of genetic selection and engineering and may contribute to finding the right balance between allowing autonomous decisions of patients and protecting the public interest.
Evaluating the Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Meteorological Drought in Bangladesh Using Effective Drought Index
Authors: Kamruzzaman Mohammad , Hwang Syewoon , Cho Jaepil , Jang Min-Won , Jeong Hanseok
Published: September 2019

This study aims to assess the spatiotemporal characteristics of meteorological droughts in Bangladesh during 1981–2015 using the Effective Drought Index (EDI). Monthly precipitation data for 36 years (1980-2015) obtained from 27 metrological stations, were used in this study. The EDI performance was evaluated for four sub-regions over the country through comparisons with historical drought records identified at the regional scale. Analysis at a regional level showed that EDI could reasonably detect the drought years/events during the study period. The study also revealed that the overall drought severity had increased during the past 35 y; the most significant increasing trend was observed in the central region. The characteristics (severity and duration) of drought were also analysed in terms of spatiotemporal evolution of the frequency of drought events. It was found that the western and central regions of the country are comparatively more vulnerable to drought. Moreover, the southwestern region is more prone to extreme drought, whereas the central region is more prone to severe droughts. In addition, the central region was more prone to extra-long-term droughts, while the coastal areas in the southwestern as well as in the central and north-western region were more prone to long-term droughts. The frequency of droughts in all categories significantly increased during the last quinquennial period (2011 to 2015). The seasonal analysis showed that the north-western areas were prone to extreme droughts during the Kharif (wet) and Rabi (dry) seasons. The central and northern regions were affected by recurring severe droughts in all cropping seasons. Further, the most significant increasing trend of the drought-affected area was observed within the central region, especially during the pre-monsoon (March-May) season. The results of this study can aid policymakers in the development of drought mitigation strategies in the future.
Releases of Fire-Derived Contaminants from Water Pipes Made of Polyvinyl Chloride Polymer
Authors: Chong Ngee-Sing , Abdulramoni Saidi , Patterson Dwight , Brown Heather
Published: September 2019

In order to assess the human exposure risks from the release of contaminants from water pipes made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), experiments were carried out by subjecting the PVC pipe material to burning and leaching conditions followed by analysis of the emission and leachate samples. The emissions of burning pipes were analyzed by both infrared spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The emission results indicate the presence of chlorinated components including chlorine dioxide, methyl chloride, methylene chloride, allyl chloride, vinyl chloride, ethyl chloride, 1-chlorobutane, tetrachloroethylene, chlorobenzene, and hydrogen chloride were detected in the emissions of burning PVC pipes. Furthermore, the concentrations of benzene, 1,3-butadiene, methyl methacrylate, carbon monoxide, acrolein, and formaldehyde were found at levels capable of affecting human health adversely. The analysis of PVC pipe leachates using GC-MS shows that there are 40-60 tentatively identified compounds, mostly long-chain hydrocarbons such as tetradecane, hexadecane, octadecane, and docosane, were released when the burned PVC materials were soaked in deionized water for one week. Quantitative analysis shows that 2-butoxyethanol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, and diethyl phthalate were found in the burned PVC polymer at the average levels of 2.7, 14.0, and 3.1 micrograms per gram (g/g) of pipe material. This study has significant implications for understanding the benzene contamination of drinking water in the aftermath of wildfires that burned polymer pipes in California.
Aktivitas Sitotoksik Ekstrak Etanol, Fraksi Etil Asetat dan n-heksana Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera) Terhadap Sel Kanker Payudara T47D
Authors: Gaffar Shabarni , Apriani Riza , Herlina Tati
Published: September 2019

Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang berpotensi memiliki aktivitas antikanker. Beberapa penelitian telah melaporkan bahwa daun M. oleifera mengandung sejumlah senyawa bioaktif yang memiliki potensi sebagai antikanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas sitotoksik esktrak etanol, fraksi etil asetat dan fraksi n-heksana daun M. oleifera terhadap sel kanker payudara T47D. Daun M. oleifera dimaserasi dengan pelarut etanol 90%. Ekstrak yang diperoleh dipartisi dengan menggunakan pelarut n-heksana dan etil asetat. Masing-masing ekstrak etanol, fraksi etil asetat dan fraksi n-heksana diuji aktivitas sitotoksiknya terhadap sel kanker payudara T47D menggunakan metode MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium). Konsentrasi ekstrak dan fraksi yang digunakan adalah berturut-turut: 1500, 750, 375, 187, 93, 46, 50 dan 23 μg/mL dengan waktu inkubasi selama 48 jam. Nilai IC50 ekstrak etanol, fraksi etil asetat dan fraksi n-heksana daun M. oleifera berturut-turut yaitu sebesar 51,31; 20,17; 223,67 μg/mL. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, terlihat bahwa fraksi etil asetat daun M. oleifera memiliki aktivitas sitotoksik yang paling tinggi terhadap sel kanker payudara T47D.

Cytotoxic Activity of the Ethanol Extract, Ethyl Acetate and n-hexane Fractions of Kelor Leaves (Moringa oleifera) against Breast Cancer Cell T74D. Moringa oleifera is one plant that has the potential anticancer activity. Several studies have been reported that M. oleifera leaves contain bioactives compounds that are potential as anticancer. This study was aimed to determine the cytotoxic activity of the ethanol extract, ethyl acetate and n-hexane fraction of M. oleifera leaf against breast cancer cell T47D. M. oleifera leaves were extracted by maceration with ethanol solvent. The extracts that have been obtained were partitioned by using n-hexane and ethyl acetate solvents. Each ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and n-hexane fraction were tested for their cytotoxic activity against T47D breast cancer cells using MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) method. The applied concentration of extract and fraction were 1500, 750, 375, 187, 93, 46, 50 and 23 μg/mL with an incubation time of 48 hours. IC50 value of ethanol extract, ethyl acetate and n-hexane fractions of M. oleifera leaves were 51.31; 20.17; 223.67 μg/mL. Based on these results, it shows that the ethyl acetate fractions of M. oleiferaleaves are highly toxic against T47D breast cancer cells.

 
Establishing an Evaluation System and Limb-Salvage Protocol for Mangled Lower Extremities in China
Authors: Lu Shengdi , Han Pei , Wen Gen , Wang Chunyang , Wang Yanmao , Zhong Wanrun , Wang Hongshu , Chai Yimin
Published: September 2019

Road traffic accident-related severely injured extremities account for the majority of disabilities in young people in China. Limb-salvage concepts and techniques vary greatly from physician to physician and from district to district in China. Current severity-scoring systems for lower-extremity injuries lack sensitivity and cannot be used as the sole criterion by which amputation decisions are made. China lacks a national database of mangled lower extremities, which is a priority for both limb-salvage protocols and scoring system development.
Quality Improvement of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Musculoskeletal Infection in Children Results in Decreased Scan Duration and Decreased Contrast Use
Authors: Ojeaga Patrick O. , Hammer Matthew R. , Lindsay Eduardo A. , Tareen Naureen G. , Jo Chan Hee , Copley Lawson A.
Published: September 2019

Background:

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a heavily utilized resource to evaluate children suspected to have a musculoskeletal infection. Complex interdisciplinary workflows are involved with decision-making with regard to indications, anesthesia, contrast use, and procedural timing relative to the scan. This study assesses the impact of a quality improvement endeavor on MRI workflows at a tertiary pediatric medical center.

Methods:

A registry of consecutively enrolled children for a multidisciplinary musculoskeletal infection program identified those evaluated with MRI from 2012 to 2018. Annual MRI process improvement feedback was provided to the key stakeholders. Demographic characteristics, laboratory parameters, MRI indications, anesthesia use, MRI findings, final diagnoses, scan duration, imaging protocol, surgical intervention following MRI, and length of stay were retrospectively compared between the 3 cohorts (initial, middle, and final) representing 2-year increments to assess the impact of the initiative.

Results:

There were 526 original MRI scans performed to evaluate 1,845 children with suspected musculoskeletal infection. Anesthesia was used in 401 children (76.2%). When comparing the initial, middle, and final study period cohorts, significant improvement was demonstrated for the number of sequences per scan (7.5 sequences for the initial cohort, 5.8 sequences for the middle cohort, and 4.6 sequences for the final cohort; p < 0.00001), scan duration (73.6 minutes for the initial cohort, 52.1 minutes for the middle cohort, and 34.9 minutes for the final cohort; p < 0.00001), anesthesia duration (94.1 minutes for the initial cohort, 68.9 minutes for the middle cohort, and 53.2 minutes for the final cohort; p < 0.00001), and the rate of contrast use (87.6% for the initial cohort, 67.7% for the middle cohort, and 26.3% for the final cohort; p < 0.00001). There was also a trend toward a higher rate of procedures under continued anesthesia immediately following the MRI (70.2% in the initial cohort, 77.8% in the middle cohort, and 84.6% in the final cohort). During the final 6-month period, the mean scan duration was 24.4 minutes, anesthesia duration was 40.9 minutes, and the rate of contrast administration was 8.5%.

Conclusions:

Progressive quality improvement through collaborative interdisciplinary communication and workflow redesign led to improved utilization of MRI and minimized contrast use for suspected musculoskeletal infection. There was a high rate of procedural intervention under continued anesthesia for children with confirmed musculoskeletal infection.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.