bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-term Capacity Planning in Flexible Optical Transport Networks
Authors: Machuca Carmen Mas , Patri Sai Kireet , Amjad Saquib
Published: April 2022

We evaluate four Routing, Configuration and Spectrum Assignment alternatives to increase provisioned capacity in optical networks. Long-term planning shows that regenerators extend the C-Band capacity, whereas multi-band solutions outperform in terms of throughput and under-provisioning.
Which can Accelerate Distributed Machine Learning Faster: Hybrid Optical/Electrical or Optical Reconfigurable DCN?
Authors: Yang Hao , Zhu Zuqing , Proietti Roberto , Ben Yoo S. J.
Published: April 2022

We run various distributed machine learning (DML) architectures in a hybrid optical/electrical DCN and an optical DCN based on Hyper-FleX-LION. Experimental results show that Hyper-FleX-LION gains faster DML acceleration and improves acceleration ratio by up to 22.3%.
Graph Sequence Attention Network-Enabled Reinforcement Learning for Time-Aware Robust Routing in OSU-Based OTN
Authors: Ma Huangxu , Zhang Jiawei , Ji Yuefeng
Published: April 2022

We propose a time-aware robust routing in OSU-based OTN through the newly designed graph sequence attention network-enabled reinforcement learning. Simulation results show > 28% OSU frame loss reduction compared to the baselines.
Evaluation of Deep Reinforcement Learning for Restoration in Optical Networks
Authors: Hernández-Chulde C. , Casellas R. , Martínez R. , Vilalta R. , Muñoz R.
Published: April 2022

A deep reinforcement learning-based agent is presented to perform autonomous lightpath restoration upon a link failure event. The agent is evaluated against other heuristic algorithms under different traffic load and failure duration scenarios.
High Speed RGB Visible Light Communication (VLC) Using Digital Power-Domain Multiplexing (DPDM) of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexed (OFDM) Signals
Authors: Gunawan Wahyu Hendra , Chang Yun-Han , Chow Chi-Wai , Liu Yang , Yeh Chien-Hung
Published: April 2022

We experimentally demonstrate a record 21 red-green-blue (RGB) laser-diode (LD) visible-light-communication (VLC) using digital-power-domain-multiplexing (DPDM) of orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexed (OFDM) signals. 21.01-Gbit/s RGB DPDM-OFDM VLC transmission is achieved.
Geometric Constellation Shaping for Phase-noise Channels Using a Differentiable Blind Phase Search
Authors: Rode Andrej , Geiger Benedikt , Schmalen Laurent
Published: April 2022

We perform geometric constellation shaping with optimized bit labeling using a binary autoencoder including a differential blind phase search (BPS). Our approach enables full end-to-end training of optical coherent transceivers taking into account the digital signal processing.
Reduced Complexity Adaptive Background Compensation of Electro-Optic Tx Impairments in Coherent Optical Transceivers
Authors: Kunst James , Bonetti Juan , Reyes Benjamin , Morero Damian , Hueda Mario
Published: April 2022

We propose a novel background compensation of electro-optic Tx impairments for coherent optical transmitters based on the backpropagation algorithm and a direct detection low bandwidth feedback channel. Its excellent effectiveness is demonstrated by computer simulations.
Double-effect DNN-based DBP Scheme for Integrated Sensing and Communications (ISAC)
Authors: Li Feiyu , Zhou Xian , Fan Qirui , Gao Yuyuan , Huo Jiahao , Yuan Jinhui , Long Keping
Published: April 2022

A double-effect deep neural network (DNN)-based DBP scheme is developed to integrate communication and sensing, which can mitigate nonlinear interference effectively and estimate optical power distribution accurately through the optimized nonlinear parameters.
Optical Damage Threshold Screening Methodology for 28 GBd, Long Wavelength Avalanche Photodiodes
Authors: Ciarrocchi Alberto , Quan Wei , Blaser Markus , Hämmerli Maria , Meier Hektor
Published: April 2022

We present a novel scalable wafer screening method that guarantees an optical damage threshold larger than +5 dBm for 28 GBd long wavelength avalanche photodiodes over large-scale production volumes.
Ultrahigh extinction ratio silicon micro-ring modulator by MDM resonance for high speed PAM modulation
Authors: Liu Jiacheng , Du Jiangbing , Shen Weihong , Zhou Gangqiang , Zhou Linjie , Xu Ke , He Zuyuan
Published: April 2022

Silicon micro-ring modulator assisted by MDM resonance is experimentally demonstrated. Ultrahigh ER up to 55 dB was obtained for supporting 50 Gb/s PAM4 signaling with 0.79-V∙cm VπL, indicating promising performance for advanced modulation formats.
Driving Down Link Energy and Driving Up Link Density in GPU Networks
Authors: Lee Benjamin G.
Published: April 2022

GPU-accelerated computing systems, which power the AI revolution, rely on increasing amounts of off-chip I/O. To continue scaling, very dense integration of ultra-efficient optical transceivers alongside next-generation processor die will be needed.
All-fiber noise-mitigating sampling of temporal waveforms enabling broadband operation and high passive amplification
Authors: Fernández Manuel P. , Kaushal Saket , Bulus-Rossini Laureano A. , Costanzo-Caso Pablo A. , Azaña José
Published: April 2022

We propose an all-fiber design concept for Talbot-based denoising passive enhancement of temporal waveforms using four-wave-mixing, and demonstrate about an order-of-magnitude improvement in the operation bandwidth × amplification factor (>150 GHz) versus previous electro-optic designs.
110 Gbit/s NRZ and 160 Gbit/s PAM-4 GeSi Electro-Absorption Modulator
Authors: Hu Xiao , Wu Dingyi , Zhang Yuguang , Zhang Hongguang , Chen Daigao , Liu Min , Liu Jia , Wang Lei , Xiao Xi , Yu Shaohua
Published: April 2022

A pure Ge electro-absorption modulator operating at 1600 nm wavelength with electro-optic bandwidth beyond 67 GHz is reported. The 110 Gbit/s NRZ and 160 Gbit/s PAM-4 modulation clear openings of eye diagrams are demonstrated.
200-Gb/s/λ Coherent TDM-PON with Wide Dynamic Range of >30-dB based on Local Oscillator Power Adjustment
Authors: Li Guoqiang , Xing Sizhe , Li Zhongya , Zhang Junwen , Chi Nan
Published: April 2022

We experimentally demonstrate the 200-Gb/s/λ PDM-16QAM coherent TDM-PON data transmission with wide dynamic-range based on the local-oscillator power adjustment for continuous and burst-mode signals, achieving >30-dB dynamic-range and 37-dB power budget over 50-km SSMF transmission.
Probabilistic Constellation Shaping: An Implementation Perspective
Authors: Cho Junho
Published: April 2022

This tutorial reviews recent advances in probabilistic constellation shaping (PCS) with particular focus on implementation perspectives. We analyze the complexity of several known shaping methods and discuss performance and complexity tradeoffs in different application scenarios.
Employing Fiber Sensing and On-Premise AI Solutions for Cable Safety Protection over Telecom Infrastructure
Authors: Wang Ting , Huang Ming-Fang , Han Shaobo , Narisetty Chaitanya
Published: April 2022

We review the distributed-fiber-sensing field trial results over deployed telecom networks. With local AI processing, real-time detection, and localization of abnormal events with cable damage threat assessment are realized for cable self-protection.
Photonics-based Multiband Radar Fusion with Millimeter-level Range Resolution
Authors: Zhu Xin , Sun Guanqun , Zhang Fangzheng
Published: April 2022

Photonics-based multiband radar fusion is demonstrated in which three photonics-based radars with a 2-GHz bandwidth are successfully fused to have an 18-GHz bandwidth response. Based on this technique, millimeter-level range resolution radar imaging is achieved.
50-Tb/s (1 Tb/s × 50 ch) WDM Transmission on Two 6.25-THz Bands Using Hybrid Inline Repeater of PPLN-based OPAs and Incoherent-forward-pumped DRA
Authors: Kobayashi Takayuki , Shimizu Shimpei , Nakamura Masanori , Umeki Takeshi , Kazama Takushi , Yoshida Junji , Takasaka Shigehiro , Tatamida Yasuto , Kawakami Hiroto , Hamaoka Fukutaro , Nagatani Munehiko , Yamazaki Hiroshi , Watanabe Kei , Saida Takashi , Miyamoto Yutaka
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate 50-Tb/s WDM transmission within 6.25-THz band over 240-km SMF using a novel hybrid inline repeater consisting of PPLN-based OPAs and incoherent-forward-pumped DRA. 1-Tb/s/lambda PS-64QAM channels are transmitted within each the S/C-band or C/L-band.
Gb/s LWIR FSO Transmission at 9.6 µm using a Directly-Modulated Quantum Cascade Laser and an Uncooled Quantum Cascade Detector
Authors: Pang Xiaodan , Dely Hamza , Schatz Richard , Gacemi Djamal , Joharifar Mahdieh , Salgals Toms , Udalcovs Aleksejs , Sun Yan-Ting , Fan Yuchuan , Zhang Lu , Rodriguez Etienne , Spolitis Sandis , Bobrovs Vjaceslavs , Yu Xianbin , Lourdudoss Sebastian , Popov Sergei , Ozolins Oskars , Vasanelli Angela , Sirtori Carlo
Published: April 2022

Record 11 Gb/s LWIR FSO transmission is demonstrated with a 9.6-µm directly-modulated QCL and a fully passive QCD without cooling, surpassing the previous bitrate record of DM-QCL-based FSO in this spectral window by 4 times.
Silicon Photonics 630-Gb/s Complementary Polarization-Diversity Coherent Receiver with 9-Mrad/s Polarization Tracking Speed for Self-Coherent Homodyne Detection
Authors: Ji Honglin , Wang Zhen , Li Xingfeng , Li Jingchi , Unnithan Ranjith Rajasekharan , Hu Weisheng , Su Yikai , Shieh William
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate the first on-chip complementary polarization-diversity coherent receiver (C-PDCR) for rapid polarization tracking of remote LO. Based on electronic MIMO DSP, the polarization tracking speed can reach 9 Mrad/s with negligible performance degradation for a 70-Gbaud dual-polarization (DP) PCS-64QAM signal with 630-Gb/s data rate (net rate 485 Gb/s).
384-Gb/s/lane PAM8 Operation Using 76-GHz Bandwidth EA-DFB Laser at 50ºC with 1.0-Vpp Swing over 2-km Transmission
Authors: Asakura Hideaki , Nishimura Kazuki , Yamauchi Syunya , Iwamoto Koichiro , Nakai Yoshihiro , Yamaguchi Yoriyoshi , Tani Kentaro , Nakajima Ryosuke , Naoe Kazuhiko
Published: April 2022

384-Gb/s PAM8 operation of both BTB and 2-km were demonstrated by a lumped-electrode type EA-DFB laser with clear eye-openings. 4.6 dB extinction ratio with 1.0-Vpp and 9.8 dBm output power were obtained at 50°C.
Ultra-compact silicon modulator with 110 GHz bandwidth
Authors: Han Changhao , Jin Ming , Tao Yuansheng , Shen Bitao , Shu Haowen , Wang Xingjun
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate an ultra-compact silicon slow light modulator with a record-high EO bandwidth of 110 GHz, a modulation length of 124 μm, an optical bandwidth of 8 nm around 1550 nm, and OOK transmission beyond 110 Gbps without DSP is achieved.
Bringing 2-Phase Immersion Cooling to Hyperscale Cloud
Authors: Raniwala Ashish
Published: April 2022

The advent of high-TDP chips is pushing cloud providers towards liquid cooling. Microsoft is advancing and deploying 2-phase immersion cooling in Azure. We discuss the trends, the challenges, and the opportunities in this space.
Influence of SOA parameters on the nonlinear impairments experienced by QAM modulated signals
Authors: Bendimerad Djalal F. , Brenot Romain , Le Gac Dylan , Lorences-Riesgo Abel , Sales-Llopis Marti , Frignac Yann , Charlet Gabriel
Published: April 2022

We propose an experimental method to tune SOA model parameters that yields good prediction abilities of nonlinear distortions induced on PCS-QAM signals. We show that reducing SOA nonlinearities is achieved by a trade-off between a high Psat and a low α
H
.
Wide Field-of-View (FOV) Light-Diffusing Fiber Optical Transmitter for Rolling Shutter based Optical Camera Communication (OCC)
Authors: Tsai Deng-Cheng , Chang Yun-Han , Liu Yang , Chow Chi-Wai , Lin Yun-Shen , Yeh Chien-Hung
Published: April 2022

We propose a wide field-of-view (FOV) light-diffusing-fiber (LDF) transmitter optical-camera-communication (OCC). Pixel-row-per-bit-neural-network (PRPB-NN) is employed for rolling-shutter-pattern decoding. PRPB-NN provides efficient decoding at 360o around LDF circumference and 160o Rx rotation-angle at 2100-bit/s.
Generation of Optical Frequency Comb via Cross-Phase Modulation in an SOI Waveguide
Authors: Zhang Yuanfei , Zhang Honghui , Shu Chester
Published: April 2022

Using temporal Talbot processing followed by cross-phase modulation in a silicon-on-insulator waveguide, we experimentally multiply the repetition rate of a 10-GHz optical pulse train and generate widely spaced optical frequency combs up to 50 GHz.
DSP-Free IM/DD MDM Optical Interconnection Based on Side-polished Degenerate-mode-selective fiber Couplers
Authors: Cui Jian , Gao Yuyang , Yu Jinyi , Liu Jiaxin , Jia Junchi , He Yongqi , Chen Zhangyuan , Li Juhao
Published: April 2022

Low-insertion-loss degenerate-mode-selective fiber couplers for mode demultiplexing are designed and fabricated with side-polishing and mating process, based on which stable 5-LP-mode DSP-free IM/DD MDM optical interconnection over 10 km weakly-coupled FMF are experimentally demonstrated.
MicroLED Array-based Optical Links Using Imaging Fiber for Chip-to-chip Communications
Authors: Pezeshki Bardia , Khoeini Farzad , Tselikov Alex , Kalman Rob , Danesh Cameron , Afifi Emad
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate high density (2Tb/mm2), very low energy per bit (<2pJ/bit), high sensitivity (<−21dBm), and low crosstalk (<−20dB) in various configurations for optical transmission using high speed blue LEDs and integrated photodetector/amplifiers fabricated in 130nm CMOS process.
Experimental Demonstration of Real-Time 400G Coherent Transmission over 300m OM3 MMF
Authors: Rizzelli G. , Forghieri F. , Gaudino R.
Published: April 2022

We experimentally demonstrate real-time coherent transmission up to 400Gbps over 300m OM3 multimode fibers, showing resilience to connector offsets up to 3-6 µm and fiber mechanical shaking using rigorous TIA-455-203 procedures.
Mismatch Length Estimation of Self-Homodyne Coherent Optical Systems by Using Carrier-Pilot-Assist Method
Authors: Gao Yuyuan , Zhou Xian , Li Feiyu , Huo Jiahao , Yuan Jinhui , Long Keping
Published: April 2022

The Self-Homodyne Coherent (SHC) is a promising solution for inter- or intra datacenter application in future. We proposed a carrier-pilot-assist (CPA) method to estimate mismatch length, which provides guidance for alleviating phase noise of SHC system. This method is robust and is independent of performance of DSP algorithm and IQ imbalance impairment.
Experimental Study of Bandwidth Loading with Modulated Signals vs. ASE Noise in 400ZR Single-Span Transmission
Authors: Searcy Steven , Richter Thomas , Tibuleac Sorin
Published: April 2022

We compare performance of a single-span 400ZR system with bandwidth loading over 2.4 THz from independent modulated signals, channelized ASE noise, or flat ASE noise bands, and quantify the impact on optimum launch power.
Techno-Economics of Terrestrial Extensions of Subsea Routes
Authors: Makovejs Sergejs , Downie John , Abdelwahab Hatem , Abdrabo Walaa
Published: April 2022

This paper investigates the benefit of using ultra-low-loss G.654.E fiber in the terrestrial section of PoP-PoP route in terms of GSNR improvement, higher fiber pair and cable capacity, and increased system value.
Traffic Monitoring System for 100-Gbps Virtualized Optical Networks
Authors: Sekihara Yusuke , Ikeda Namiko , Uzawa Hiroyuki , Ohteru Shoko , Hatta Saki , Yoshida Shuhei , Sano Kimikazu
Published: April 2022

We propose a system to get flow information of virtualized logical networks in support of 100-Gbps optical networks. By using packet sampling, we can create monitoring rules even when the monitoring target is unknown.
Coherent Combining at Ultra-low Optical Signal Powers based on Optically Amplified Error Feedback
Authors: Larsson Rasmus , Schröder Jochen , Karlsson Magnus , Andrekson Peter
Published: April 2022

Coherent combining in multi-aperture reception for free-space communication applications requires active phase alignment. Here, using 50/50-fiber-couplers and optically preamplified error feedback, coherent combining of four −80dBm, 10Gbaud QPSK signals is demonstrated with 95.4% efficiency.
Experimental Demonstration of Learned Pulse Shaping Filter for Superchannels
Authors: He Zonglong , Song Jinxiang , Häger Christian , Amat Alexandre Graell i , Wymeersch Henk , Andrekson Peter A. , Karlsson Magnus , Schröder Jochen
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate a pulse shaping filter enabled by machine learning for spectral superchannels. In contrast to a 1% roll-off root-raised cosine filter, our learned filter reduces the adaptive equalizer length by 47% for the same spectral efficiency.
Perturbation-aided deep neural network for dual-polarization optical communication systems
Authors: Lin Xiang , Luo Shenghang , Dobre Octavia A. , Lampe Lutz , Chang Deyuan , Li Chuandong
Published: April 2022

We propose a perturbation-aided deep neural network for fiber nonlinearity compensation in polarization-multiplexed optical communication systems. The proposed technique achieves a fast convergence that is facilitated by the perturbation analysis and attains an enhanced performance.
Design of Asymptotically Perfect Linear Feedforward Photonic Circuits
Authors: Hamerly Ryan , Bandyopadhyay Saumil , Sludds Alexander , Englund Dirk
Published: April 2022

We propose a new architecture for feedforward photonic circuits based on a 3-splitter MZI. This architecture is more error tolerant than the standard mesh, supports self-configuration, and yields asymptotically perfect circuits for large mesh sizes.
Optimal Pay-As-You-Grow Deployment on S+C+L Multi-band Systems
Authors: Souza André , Sadeghi Rasoul , Correia Bruno , Costa Nelson , Napoli Antonio , Curri Vittorio , Pedro João , Pires João
Published: April 2022

We investigate the best band upgrade order on an S+C+L system in a pay-as-you-grow approach, aiming to maximize the end-of-life system capacity under the constraint of not disrupting already running services.
Enabling Router Bypass and Saving Cost using Point-to-Multipoint Transceivers for Traffic Aggregation
Authors: Napoli Antonio , Stevkovski Zdravko , Jiménez José D. M. , Zuleta Edward J. E. , Bäck Johan , Pedro João , Rodriguez Julia , Diaz Rafael , Carrallo Jose , Mathur Atul , F.-P. Gimenez Juan P. , Masoud Fady , Welch Dave
Published: April 2022

We propose combining point-to-multipoint coherent transceivers with a hybrid ROADM/filterless line system to enable a flatter IP-architecture for cost-effectively scaling metro-core/access networks. Considering various traffic and link engineering scenarios, we show CAPEX savings exceeding 40%.
Design and Dynamic Control of Fiber-Granular Routing Networks with Next-Generation Optical Paths
Authors: Matsuo Takeshi , Shiraki Ryuta , Mori Yojiro , Hasegawa Hiroshi
Published: April 2022

Efficient network design and control algorithms for fiber-granular routing networks are proposed. Routing performance of next-generation broad-bandwidth optical paths on fiber-granular routing networks with over 100×100 fiber-cross-connects is verified.
Improved Soft-aided Error-and-erasure Decoding of Product Codes with Dynamic Reliability Scores
Authors: Miao Sisi , Rapp Lukas , Schmalen Laurent
Published: April 2022

We propose a novel soft-aided low-complexity decoder for product codes based on dynamic reliability scores and error-and-erasure decoding. We observe coding gains of up to 1.2 dB compared to conventional hard-decision decoders.
Fiber-on-Chip: Digital FPGA Emulation of Channel Impairments for Real-Time Evaluation of DSP
Authors: Larsson-Edefors Per , Börjeson Erik
Published: April 2022

We describe the Fiber-on-Chip (FoC) approach, in which digital models are used for real-time emulation of an optical communication system, to achieve cost-effective and reproducible long-term DSP evaluations inside a single chip.
Gbaud QPSK E-band Transmission Using Bismuth Doped Fiber Amplifiers
Authors: Donodin Aleksandr , Tan Mingming , Phillips Ian , Ali Abdallah A. I. , Hazarika Pratim , Patel Mohammed , Harper Paul , Dvoyrin Vladislav , Forysiak Wladek , Turitsyn Sergei
Published: April 2022

We experimentally demonstrate 35nm E-band transmission through 60km SSMF using 50Gbaud QPSK signals with Q2 factor penalties less than 2.75dB enabled by a bismuth doped fiber amplifier with 29.8dB gain and 6.25dB noise figure.
Radio Beamsteering for a 2×5 Remote Radio Head Assisted by a Shared Wideband Etalon Cascade
Authors: Martí Aina Val , Löschenbrand David , Zemen Thomas , Schrenk Bernhard
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate RF beamsteering through cascaded Gires-Tournois etalons, yielding a delay-tailored DWDM feed for a 2×5 antenna configuration. 64-QAM OFDM radio is transmitted under 32° beam deflection. We further show kHz carrier phase switching. © 2022 The Author(s)
Remote Drone Detection and Localization with Fiber-Optic Microphones and Distributed Acoustic Sensing
Authors: Fang Jian , Li Yaowen , Ji Philip N. , Wang Ting
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate the first fiber-optic drone detection method with ultra-highly sensitive optical microphones and distributed acoustic sensor. Accurate drone localization has been achieved through acoustic field mapping and data fusion. © 2022 The Author(s)
Method of widening dynamic range of measurable vibration in FDM-based sampling-rate-enhanced Φ-OTDR
Authors: Wakisaka Yoshifumi , Iida Daisuke , Takahashi Hiroshi , Koshikiya Yusuke
Published: April 2022

We propose and demonstrate a method to suppress the infidelity effect in FDM-based sampling-rate-enhanced Φ-OTDR vibration sensing; it extends the dynamic range without increase of the system complexity or prior knowledge of the vibration. © 2022 The Author(s)
An Error Compensation Method of Time Synchronization for Cross-domain Interconnection in SD-TSN
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Shou Guochu , Xue Junli , Li Hongxing
Published: April 2022

We propose a time synchronization modeling and error compensation method for Software-Defined TSN. Experiments verify that the combination method of POE and NNPID can effectively improve time synchronization performance in SD-TSN for cross-domain interconnection.
Machine Learning Based EDFA Channel In-band Gain Ripple Modeling
Authors: Jiang Zhiping , Lin Jiachuan , Hu Hangting
Published: April 2022

For the first time, a framework is proposed to model EDFA’s channel in-band gain ripple by machine learning. The achieved model accuracy (standard deviation) is 0.022dB/nm for gain tilt and 0.053dB for overall gain.
End-to-End Learning of Joint Geometric and Probabilistic Constellation Shaping
Authors: Aref Vahid , Chagnon Mathieu
Published: April 2022

We present a novel autoencoder-based learning of joint geometric and probabilistic constellation shaping for coded-modulation systems. It can maximize either the mutual information (for symbol-metric decoding) or the generalized mutual information (for bit-metric decoding).
Suppression of Spurious Mixing in FWM-based Systems through Mid-Span Pump Phase Shift
Authors: Bottrill K.R.H. , Taengnoi N. , Liu H. , Kakarla R. , Hong Y. , Petropoulos P.
Published: April 2022

We propose and demonstrate a new technique to suppress spurious idler generation during four-wave mixing, by applying a π radian phase shift to the pumps at the mid-point of the processing medium.
Polygenic scores, diet quality, and type 2 diabetes risk: An observational study among 35,759 adults from 3 US cohorts
Authors: Merino Jordi , Guasch-Ferré Marta , Li Jun , Chung Wonil , Hu Yang , Ma Baoshan , Li Yanping , Kang Jae H. , Kraft Peter , Liang Liming , Sun Qi , Franks Paul W. , Manson JoAnn E. , Willet Walter C. , Florez Jose C. , Hu Frank B.
Published: April 2022

Background

Both genetic and lifestyle factors contribute to the risk of type 2 diabetes, but the extent to which there is a synergistic effect of the 2 factors is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the joint associations of genetic risk and diet quality with incident type 2 diabetes.

Methods and findings

We analyzed data from 35,759 men and women in the United States participating in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) I (1986 to 2016) and II (1991 to 2017) and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS; 1986 to 2016) with available genetic data and who did not have diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or cancer at baseline. Genetic risk was characterized using both a global polygenic score capturing overall genetic risk and pathway-specific polygenic scores denoting distinct pathophysiological mechanisms. Diet quality was assessed using the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI). Cox models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for type 2 diabetes after adjusting for potential confounders. With over 902,386 person-years of follow-up, 4,433 participants were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The relative risk of type 2 diabetes was 1.29 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25, 1.32;P< 0.001) per standard deviation (SD) increase in global polygenic score and 1.13 (1.09, 1.17;P< 0.001) per 10-unit decrease in AHEI. Irrespective of genetic risk, low diet quality, as compared to high diet quality, was associated with approximately 30% increased risk of type 2 diabetes (Pinteraction= 0.69). The joint association of low diet quality and increased genetic risk was similar to the sum of the risk associated with each factor alone (Pinteraction= 0.30). Limitations of this study include the self-report of diet information and possible bias resulting from inclusion of highly educated participants with available genetic data.

Conclusions

These data provide evidence for the independent associations of genetic risk and diet quality with incident type 2 diabetes and suggest that a healthy diet is associated with lower diabetes risk across all levels of genetic risk.
Evaluating water quality impacts on visitation to coastal recreation areas using data derived from cell phone locations
Authors: Furey Ryan P. , Merrill Nathaniel H. , Sawyer Josh P. , Mulvaney Kate K. , Mazzotta Marisa J.
Published: April 2022

Linking human behavior to environmental quality is critical for effective natural resource management. While it is commonly assumed that environmental conditions partially explain variation in visitation to coastal recreation areas across space and time, scarce and inconsistent visitation observations challenge our ability to reveal these connections. With the ubiquity of mobile phone usage, novel sources of digitally derived data are increasingly available at a massive scale. Applications of mobile phone locational data have been effective in research on urban-centric human mobility and transportation, but little work has been conducted on understanding behavioral patterns surrounding dynamic natural resources. We present an application of cell phone locational data to estimate the effects of beach closures, based on measured bacteria threshold exceedances, on visitation to coastal access points. Our results indicate that beach closures on Cape Cod, MA, USA have a significant negative effect on visitation at those beaches with closures, while closures at a sample of coastal access points elsewhere in New England have no detected impact on visitation. Our findings represent geographic mobility patterns for over 7 million unique coastal visits and suggest that closures resulted in approximately 1,800 (0.026%) displaced visits for Cape Cod during the summer season of 2017. We demonstrate the potential for human-mobility data derived from mobile phones to reveal the scale of use and behavior in response to changes in dynamic natural resources. Potential future applications of passively collected geocoded data to human-environmental systems are vast.
An elastic-plastic solution for the optimal thickness of a frozen soil wall considering an interaction with the surrounding rock
Authors: Kuang Lianfei , Mo Pin-Qiang , Wang Kuan-Jun , Chen Bin
Published: April 2022

The technology of artificial ground freezing has been widely applied in geotechnical engineering to support underground spaces, whereas the effects of excavation-induced large deformation and frictional and dilatant behavior of geomaterials are neglected in the current design. In this paper, a rigorous elastic-plastic solution of cavity contraction is proposed using a non-associated Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion to provide the optimal thickness of the frozen soil wall for excavation using artificial ground freezing technology, considering an interaction between the frozen soil wall and the surrounding soil/rock. After validation of a case study on a deep mine shaft against a numerical simulation, a thorough parametric study investigates the variation in the optimal thickness with the soil properties and initial stress conditions, as well as the effects of interaction and the critical condition. Compared to the existing solution, the proposed optimal thickness of the frozen soil wall is shown to contribute to both the design and cost-effectiveness in practical engineering, including tunneling and mine shaft construction.
Valued personality traits in livestock herding Kelpies—Development and application of a livestock herding dog assessment form
Authors: Wilson Bethany J. , Arnott Elizabeth R. , Early Jonathan B. , Wade Claire M. , McGreevy Paul D.
Published: April 2022

Livestock herding dogs contribute greatly to the rural economy of Australia. However, their selection currently lacks a cohesive or methodical approach. For example, there is no accessible tool for assessing Australian livestock herding dogs’ suitability for work. The purpose of the current study was to devise a herding dog assessment form, the Herding Dog Assessment Form–Personality (HDAF-P), to facilitate collection of data on relevant behavioural phenotypes of large numbers of working Kelpies and to apply the HDAF-P to identify personality traits needed for herding dog performance. The focus was on creating a succinct form that was salient and accessible to livestock herding dog owners. Wherever practical, terms and methods from published personality questionnaires were integrated. Seventeen terms were included as behavioural descriptors in the HDAF-P which was then used by 95 owners to assess a sample of 228 of their working Kelpies. Owners were also asked to rate the overall ability of their dog(s). Of these dogs, 210 (all twelve months or older) were fully described and their data were used in the analysis. Thus, the study was designed to reveal which personality traits are most critical to the overall ability of the herding dogs and to undertake an exploratory analysis of the patterns of dog behaviour revealed by the HDAF-P in non-juvenile dogs. The traits that showed the strongest correlations (using Kendall’s Tau correlation analysis) with overall ability were initiative (T = 0.41, p < 0.001), persistence (T = 0.36, p < 0.001), intelligence (T = 0.32, p < 0.001), confidence (T = 0.36, p < 0.001) and nervousness (T = -0.30, p < 0.001). An exploratory principal component analysis of trait scores revealed that 64.5% of the variance could be explained by four components that share several similarities with those reported by previous dog personality studies. These findings confirm that the HDAF-P has potential for the practical assessment of livestock herding dog personality and can elucidate traits that should be considered for prioritisation in training and breeding to optimise herding dog ability.
Differences in mediolateral dynamic stability during gait initiation according to whether the non-paretic or paretic leg is used as the leading limb
Authors: Osada Yuji , Motojima Naoyuki , Kobayashi Yousuke , Yamamoto Sumiko
Published: April 2022

We investigated mediolateral dynamic stability at first foot off and first initial contact during gait initiation according to whether the paretic or non-paretic leg was used as the leading limb. Thirty-eight individuals with stroke initiated gait with the paretic and non-paretic legs as the leading limb, and their movements were measured using a 3D motion analysis system. Margin of stability (i.e., the length between the extrapolated center of mass and lateral border of the stance foot) was used as an index of dynamic stability, with a large value indicating dynamic stability in the lateral direction. However, an excessively large margin of stability value (i.e., when the extrapolated center of mass is outside the medial border of the stance foot) indicates dynamic instability in the medial direction. Differences in the margin of stability between tasks were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The minimum margin of stability was observed just before first foot off. When the non-paretic leg was used as the leading limb, the margin of stability tended to be excessively large at first foot off compared with when the paretic leg was used (p < 0.001). In other words, the extrapolated center of mass was outside the medial border of the paretic stance foot. In conclusion, lateral stability was achieved when using the non-paretic leading limb because the extrapolated center of mass was located outside the medial border of the stance foot. However, medial dynamic stability was lower for the non-paretic leading limb compared with the paretic leading limb.
Global, regional, and national burden and quality of care index in children and adolescents: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 1990–2017
Authors: Hanifiha Melika , Ghanbari Ali , Keykhaei Mohammad , Saeedi Moghaddam Sahar , Rezaei Negar , Pasha Zanous Maryam , Yoosefi Moein , Ghasemi Erfan , Rezaei Nazila , Shahin Sarvenaz , Rashidi Mohammad-Mahdi , Ghamari Azin , Haghshenas Rosa , Kompani Farzad , Farzadfar Farshad
Published: April 2022

Purpose

To express a global view of care quality in major causes of mortality and morbidity in children and adolescences

Methods

We used primary epidemiologic indicators from the Global Burden of Disease 1990–2017 database. We have created four secondary indices from six primary indices in order to assess the care quality parameters. We conducted a principal component analysis on incidence, prevalence, mortality, Years of Life Lost (YLLs), Years Lived with Disability (YLDs), and Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) to create an index presented by quality-of-care index (QCI) to compare different countries.

Results

The global QCI scores of respiratory infection, enteric infection, leukemia, foreign body aspiration, asthma, epilepsy, diabetes mellitus, dermatitis, road injury, and neonatal disorders have improved remarkably. These causes showed equal distribution of qualified care for both sexes. The global trend of QCI score for mental health showed a steady pattern during the same time and disparities favoring females was evident. The quality of care for these causes was notably higher in developed areas.

Conclusions

The global QCI revealed a universal growth in major causes of death and morbidity in <20y during 28 years. Quality of care is an associate of the level of country’s development. Despite effective interventions, inequities still remain. Implementation of policies to invest in quality improvement and inequality elimination is needed.
Using tears as a non-invasive source for early detection of breast cancer
Authors: Daily Anna , Ravishankar Prashanth , Harms Steve , Klimberg V. Suzanne
Published: April 2022

The changing expression levels of ocular proteins in response to systemic disease has been well established in literature. In this study, we examined the ocular proteome to identify protein biomarkers with altered expression levels in women diagnosed with breast cancer. Tear samples were collected from 273 participants using Schirmer strip collection methods. Following protein elution, proteome wide trypsin digestion with Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to identify potential protein biomarkers with altered expression levels in breast cancer patients. Selected biomarkers were further validated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 102 individual tear samples (51 breast cancer, 51 control) were analyzed by LC-MS/MS which identified 301 proteins. Spectral intensities between the groups were compared and 14 significant proteins (p-value <0.05) were identified as potential biomarkers in breast cancer patients. Three biomarkers, S100A8 (p-value = 0.0069, 7.8-fold increase), S100A9 (p-value = 0.0048, 10.2-fold increase), and Galectin-3 binding protein (p-value = 0.01, 3.0-fold increase) with an increased expression in breast cancer patients were selected for validation using ELISA. Validation by ELISA was conducted using 171 individual tear samples (75 Breast Cancer and 96 Control). Similar to the observed LC-MS/MS results, S100A8 (p-value <0.0001) and S100A9 (p-value <0.0001) showed significantly higher expression in breast cancer patients. However, galectin-3 binding protein had increased expression in the control group. Our results provide further support for using tear proteins to detect non-ocular systemic diseases such as breast cancer. Our work provides crucial details to support the continued evaluation of tear samples in the screening and diagnosis of breast cancer and paves the way for future evaluation of the tear proteome for screening and diagnosis of systemic diseases.
Reduced IRF4 expression promotes lytic phenotype in Type 2 EBV-infected B cells
Authors: Bristol Jillian A. , Brand Joshua , Ohashi Makoto , Eichelberg Mark R. , Casco Alejandro , Nelson Scott E. , Hayes Mitchell , Romero-Masters James C. , Baiu Dana C. , Gumperz Jenny E. , Johannsen Eric C. , Dinh Huy Q. , Kenney Shannon C.
Published: April 2022

Humans are infected with two types of EBV (Type 1 (T1) and Type 2 (T2)) that differ substantially in their EBNA2 and EBNA 3A/B/C latency proteins and have different phenotypes in B cells. T1 EBV transforms B cells more efficiently than T2 EBV in vitro, and T2 EBV-infected B cells are more lytic. We previously showed that both increased NFATc1/c2 activity, and an NFAT-binding motif within the BZLF1 immediate-early promoter variant (Zp-V3) contained in all T2 strains, contribute to lytic infection in T2 EBV-infected B cells. Here we compare cellular and viral gene expression in early-passage lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) infected with either T1 or T2 EBV strains. Using bulk RNA-seq, we show that T2 LCLs are readily distinguishable from T1 LCLs, with approximately 600 differentially expressed cellular genes. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) suggests that T2 LCLs have increased B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling, NFAT activation, and enhanced expression of epithelial-mesenchymal-transition-associated genes. T2 LCLs also have decreased RNA and protein expression of a cellular gene required for survival of T1 LCLs, IRF4. In addition to its essential role in plasma cell differentiation, IRF4 decreases BCR signaling. Knock-down of IRF4 in a T1 LCL (infected with the Zp-V3-containing Akata strain) induced lytic reactivation whereas over-expression of IRF4 in Burkitt lymphoma cells inhibited both NFATc1 and NFATc2 expression and lytic EBV reactivation. Single-cell RNA-seq confirmed that T2 LCLs have many more lytic cells compared to T1 LCLs and showed that lytically infected cells have both increased NFATc1, and decreased IRF4, compared to latently infected cells. These studies reveal numerous differences in cellular gene expression in B cells infected with T1 versus T2 EBV and suggest that decreased IRF4 contributes to both the latent and lytic phenotypes in cells with T2 EBV.
Prevalencia y factores asociados del consumo y abuso de bebidas alcohólicas en los estudiantes de la carrera de Medicina de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Mayo - Diciembre del 2018
Authors: Vanegas Bravo Marcia Alexandra , Cabrera García Michael Andrés , Moscoso Vanegas Adrián Patricio
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: Risky consumption of alcoholic beverages in students is a concern for both public and private universities in our country. The possibility of addiction in the university population is a problem of great interest because, in addition to health repercussions it can influence the profile of the professionals in training; so it is imperative to detect the problem to prevent it, but to date no studies on its prevalence or characteristics have been carried out locally. For this reason, we have raised the following research question: What are the prevalence and the associated factors of alcoholic beverages consumption and abuse in medical students of Universidad Católica de Cuenca between May and December of 2018? METHODS: Quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study that analyzed the data of 298 medical students from the School of Medicine of UCACUE, obtained by simple random sampling, whose alcohol consumption was determined, under informed consent, with the application of the AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test). Statistical analysis was performed with IBM-SPSSTM version. 20.0 in Spanish, calculating the Chi-Square with a 95% confidence interval, considering the values of p <0.05 as significant. RESULTS: The prevalence of alcohol consumption was 74.5%. With the application of the AUDIT it was possible to determine a risk consumption of 15.1%, a harmful consumption of 2.3% and alcohol dependence values in 1.3% of the cases. A higher risk of alcoholism was observed in males (p = 0.029), in middle social class (p = 0.035), in those who had family history of alcoholism (p = 0.014) and in those who had emotional instability (p = <0.001). CONCLUSION: There is a high rate of alcoholic beverages consumption among medical students at Universidad Católica de Cuenca (74.5%), with a higher frequency of cases in males, in the middle social class, in those who had a family history of alcoholism and in those who had emotional instability.
Caso Clínico: Fibrilación auricular preexcitada como manifestación inicial del Síndrome de Wolff Parkinson White
Authors: Córdova Serrano Carlos Joaquín , Quesada Gutiérrez César Ariel , Bustamante Celleri Omar , Serrano Piedra Diego Patricio
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation is the second most common arrhythmia associated with Wolf Parkinson White syndrome. It usually presents itself with high ventricular rates, and its importance lies in the increased risk of turning into ventricular fibrillation and sudden death, which is why an accurate diagnosis is necessary to implement the correct treatment for the acute event and subsequently its definitive resolution. CASE REPORT: A 41-year-old male patient attended the emergency department with a 12-hour evolution clinical course of palpitations and syncope. On arrival, he was hemodynamically stable: an electrocardiogram was performed; with the finding of an irregular rhythm, absence of P waves, wide QRS complexes of variable duration, with the initial phase of the QRS complex wider than the final phase, a heart rate of 160 to 170 beats per minute, with an RR interval of 200 milliseconds, all of this compatible with AF with pre-excitation. CLINICAL COURSE: Due to the high risk of ventricular fibrillation and sudden death, synchronized electrical cardioversion was performed, with which it was possible to revert the sinus rhythm, with the presence of delta waves, compatible with left anterolateral preexcitation. The patient presented a favorable evolution, he was hospitalized and subsequently underwent electrophysiological studies that confirmed the diagnosis of Wolf Parkinson White syndrome, with a left anterolateral Bundle of Kent, which was resolved by radiofrequency ablation. CONCLUSION: A case of atrial fibrillation with pre-excitation as the first manifestation of Wolf Parkinson White syndrome was presented. The treatment of choice in the acute episode is synchronized electrical cardioversion, avoiding the use of drugs that block conduction of the atrioventricular node, due to the increased risk of turning into ventricular fibrillation and sudden death. The definitive treatment in these patients is radiofrequency ablation, it is an effective and safe method.
Response of local academia to the internationalization of research policies in a non-Anglophone country
Authors: Moldashev Kairat , Tleuov Askat
Published: April 2022

World University Rankings (WUR) are growing in prominence in the eyes of governments and universities around the world. Often this encourages the introduction of state- or institution-wide policies and regulations that put academics and graduate students under performative pressure to publish in international, peer-reviewed journals with a high impact factor (e.g., Scopus- or Web of Science-indexed journals). Such publication requirements are part of the broader internationalization of research (IoR) policies being implemented in many countries. This article adopts a faculty-based perspective and explores the response of academia to IoR policies in Kazakhstan, a developing country that actively pursues a strategy of integrating local academia into the global scientific community. The authors develop a typology of responses based on a literature review to guide the data collection and interpretation. Data for this study were collected through document analysis and semi-structured interviews. Findings suggest that IoR policies lead to a variety of responses from academia, including gaming and token conformity.
Perspectives for application of jabuticaba and its residues
Authors: Fontes Roberta Emilly Barbosa , Santos Brenda Lohanny Passos , Ruzene Denise Santos , Silva Daniel Pereira
Published: April 2022

Native tropical fruits have received increasing prominence for being rich sources of bioactive compounds that can add value to industrial processing, in the agricultural sector, and biological and chemical studies. Accordingly, jabuticaba is Brazilian tropical fruit with high growth in the market, with great potential for application in sectors that use anthocyanins and phenolic compounds at some stage of processing. This scenario's perception motivated the development of the present bibliometric study to collect and analyze data extracted from the Scopus platform on the use of jabuticaba and its residues in different applications. The papers were evaluated for annual publication profile, geographical distribution, keywords, research subject areas, most productive journals and authors, most cited papers, and hot issues on selected literature. Among the articles analyzed, Brazil led the ranking of documents registered on the theme, whose growth outlook is optimistic for the coming years, especially with the knowledge of the jabuticaba tree's cultivation and needs. Keywords analysis confirmed the potentiality of the jabuticaba due to its phenolic compounds, opening space for discussion of its benefits in the areas of Agricultural and Biological Sciences; Chemistry; Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, as well as Medicine and Nursing.
“This topic was inconsiderate of our culture”: Jordanian students’ perceptions of intercultural clashes in IELTS writing tests
Authors: Altakhaineh Abdel Rahman Mitib , Melo-Pfeifer Sílvia
Published: April 2022

In this contribution, we analyse how students perceive and comment on potential instances of intercultural clashes in the writing component of the International English Language Testing System. Following student accounts, we argue that intercultural bias is indeed perceived, preventing test takers from fully positioning themselves regarding cultural practices in general, and religious beliefs more particularly, as well as from expressing their sociocultural identities. Analysing a corpus of interviews in Amman (Jordan) with Jordanian students who took the test, we uncover how student perceptions of elements that reflect the culture of the test creator negatively influenced their performance, or at least their perception of what constitutes a good performance, which they implicitly identify with like-mindedness and alignment with the test creator’s cultural expectations.