bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Areas within the United States at the Highest Risk for African Swine Fever, Classical Swine Fever, and Foot-and-Mouth Disease Introduction
Authors: McKee Sophie C. , Brown Vienna R. , Shwiff Stephanie A. , Giallombardo Glorianna M. , Miller Ryan S.
Published: May 2023

Domestic livestock production is a major component of the agricultural sector, contributing to food security and human health and nutrition and serving as the economic livelihood for millions worldwide. The impact of disease on global systems and processes cannot be understated, as illustrated by the effects of the COVID-19 global pandemic through economic and social system shocks and food system disruptions. This study outlines a method to identify the most likely sites of introduction into the United States for three of the most concerning foreign animal diseases: African swine fever (ASF), classical swine fever (CSF), and foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). We first created an index measuring the amount of potentially contaminated meat products entering the regions of interest using the most recently available Agricultural Quarantine Inspection Monitoring (AQIM) air passenger inspection dataset, the AQIM USPS/foreign mail, and the targeted USPS/foreign mail interception datasets. The risk of introduction of a given virus was then estimated using this index, as well as the density of operations of the livestock species and the likelihood of infected material contaminating the local herds. Using the most recently available version of the datasets, the most likely places of introduction for ASF and CSF were identified to be in central Florida, while FMD was estimated to have been most likely introduced to swine in western California and to cattle in northeastern Texas. The method illustrated in this study is important as it may provide insights on risk and can be used to guide surveillance activities and optimize the use of limited resources to combat the establishment of these diseases in the U.S.
Comorbidity of Anxiety and Hypertension: Common Risk Factors and Potential Mechanisms
Authors: Qiu Tingting , Jiang Zhiming , Chen Xuancai , Dai Yehua , Zhao Hong
Published: May 2023

Anxiety is more common in patients with hypertension, and these two conditions frequently coexist. Recently, more emphasis has been placed on determining etiology in patients with comorbid hypertension and anxiety. This review focuses on the common risk factors and potential mechanisms of comorbid hypertension and anxiety. Firstly, we analyze the common risk factors of comorbid hypertension and anxiety including age, smoking, alcohol abuse, obesity, lead, and traffic noise. The specific mechanisms underlying hypertension and anxiety were subsequently discussed, including interleukin (IL)-6 (IL-6), IL-17, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and gut dysbiosis. Increased IL-6, IL-17, and ROS accelerate the development of hypertension and anxiety. Gut dysbiosis leads to hypertension and anxiety by reducing short-chain fatty acids, vitamin D, and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and increasing trimethylamine N-oxide (TAMO) and MYC. These shared risk factors and potential mechanisms may provide an effective strategy for treating and preventing hypertension and comorbid anxiety.
Evaluating the influence of environmental variables on fish abundance and distribution in the Singhiya River of Morang District, eastern Nepal
Authors: Jash Hang Limbu  , Rajbanshi Dipak , Tumbahangfe Jawan , Subba Asmit , Tumba Sumnima , Basnet Rkashya
Published: May 2023

Monitoring the impact of fishing pressure on the Singhiya River is critical for resource development and sustainability, and the present situation is alarming and causing critical concern among the public. This study aimed to identify fish community trends over time and space in the river, and to investigate the impact of environmental variables on fish abundance and dispersion. Monthly fish sampling was performed from October 2020 to September 2021 from the 5th to 10th of each month. We used three cast nets of various mesh sizes (0.5, 2, & 4 cm) and monofilament gill nets with mesh sizes of 6, 8, & 10 cm. A total of 7,593 fish were collected, representing 61 species from seven orders, 20 families, and 37 genera. Similarity percentage (SIMPER) analysis revealed 78.8% similarity among six stations, with the primary contributing species: Puntius chola (28.2%), Puntius sophore (13.5%), Pethia ticto (5.33%), Chagunius chagunio (3.76%), Barbonymus gonionotus (3.69%), Puntius terio (3.46%), Opsarius shacra (2.2%), and Opsarius bendelisis (2.1%). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) on canonical correspondence analysis revealed that four of the seven selected environmental variables had significant relationship with the fish assemblage such as water parameters velocity, temperature, pH, and hardness. Overfishing and direct discharge of industrial waste into water resources may be the primary causes for the decline in fish diversity in Singhiya River.
Polychorous Puncture Vine Tribulus terrestris L. (Zygophyllaceae), a potential forage source for a guild of insect pollinators during the wet season
Authors: P. Suvarna Raju  , A.J. Solomon Raju
Published: May 2023

Tribulus terrestris is a herbaceous weed capable of growing throughout the year in many habitats.  It is hermaphroditic, protogynous, and self-pollinating, although it is also insect-pollinated. The insects involved in pollination use their flowers as a potential forage source by displaying fidelity during the wet season when profuse flowering occurs. The functional traits relating to sexual reproduction such as autonomous selfing, insect-pollination, polychory, and C4 photosynthetic pathway are quite advantageous for the plant to grow as a successful weed in different habitats, prominently in open habitats.
Effect of ecological factors on the grass dynamics at Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary, India
Authors: Selvarasu Sathishkumar  , Arandhara Subhasish , Nagarajan Baskaran
Published: May 2023

Grass dynamics play a major role in the density and diversity of grazing mammals. To understand the drivers of grass quality and quantity, we assessed the height, cover, soft-texture, green leaves, and reproductive phase of grass species in relation to 13 ecological covariates belonging to climate, vegetation, human disturbance, and wild herbivores at Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary, southern India during November 2018─September 2020. From the 1,024 quadrates, we recorded 22 grass species and 10 sedges. The grass parameters varied significantly among habitats and between seasons. The grass height and grass cover were more in open scrub, while the soft-textured green grasses were more in grasslands. All the grass parameters except reproductive stage were highest during the wet season. The general linear model (GLM) based analysis on the covariate effect on grass quantity and quality demonstrated that among the 13 covariates compared, Prosopis, an alien invasive species, is the major driver, with negative influence on both grass quantity; the cover, and grass quality; soft-texture and greenness of grass. The feral horse, an alien invasive, negatively influenced grass height. Earlier studies have also shown the devastating effects of these exotics on native flora and fauna at Point Calimere, and measures suggested by these studies are recommended to safeguard natural communities in the area.
Sighting of Lesser White-fronted Goose Anser erythropus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Aves: Anseriformes: Anatidae) in Hadinaru Kere, Mysuru, India
Authors: Shivakumar Basavaraju , Gopal Praphul
Published: May 2023

Lesser White-fronted Geese are a long-distance migratory species; they are known to visit northern and north-eastern regions, with occasional occurrences in the west; we report the goose sighting from Hadinaru Kere, Mysuru, Karnataka. This is the species first occurrence in the state and southern India, expanding its known distribution range.
Red Blood Cell Transfusions Are Not Associated With Incident Complications or Poor Outcomes in Patients With Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Carvalho Poyraz Fernanda , Boehme Amelia , Cottarelli Azzurra , Eisler Lisa , Elkind Mitchell S. V. , Ghoshal Shivani , Agarwal Sachin , Park Soojin , Claassen Jan , Connolly E. Sander , Hod Eldad A. , Roh David J.
Published: May 2023

Background

Anemia is associated with poor intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) outcomes, yet the relationship of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions to ICH complications and functional outcomes remains unclear. We investigated the impact of RBC transfusion on hospital thromboembolic and infectious complications and outcomes in patients with ICH.

Methods and Results

Consecutive patients with spontaneous ICH enrolled in a single‐center, prospective cohort study from 2009 to 2018 were assessed. Primary analyses assessed relationships of RBC transfusions on incident thromboembolic and infectious complications occurring after the transfusion. Secondary analyses assessed relationships of RBC transfusions with mortality and poor discharge modified Rankin Scale score 4 to 6. Multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for baseline demographics and medical disease severity (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II), and ICH severity (ICH score).Of 587 patients with ICH analyzed, 88 (15%) received at least one RBC transfusion. Patients receiving RBC transfusions had worse medical and ICH severity. Though patients receiving RBC transfusions had more complications at any point during the hospitalization (64.8% versus 35.9%), we found no association between RBC transfusion and incident complications in our regression models (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.71 [95% CI, 0.42–1.20]). After adjusting for disease severity and other relevant covariates, we found no significant association between RBC transfusion and mortality (aOR, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.45–1.66]) or poor discharge modified Rankin Scale score (aOR, 2.45 [95% CI, 0.80–7.61]).

Conclusions

In our cohort with ICH, RBC transfusions were expectedly given to patients with higher medical and ICH severity. Taking disease severity and timing of transfusions into account, RBC transfusion was not associated with incident hospital complications or poor clinical ICH outcomes.
Sejong's Effects on People's Health: Consequences of a Long Commute
Authors: Lim Seulgi , Lee Soohyung
Published: May 2023

We examine the health impacts of long commute time by exploiting a large-scale placed-based policy in South Korea. The policy relocated public employers in the capital area to disadvantaged cities. However, some public employees kept their residences in the capital area and spend long hours commuting. Using this change, we estimate two-stage least squares models whose results suggest that having a long commute substantially increases usage of medical services, particularly to treat respiratory, circulatory, and endocrine and metabolic diseases. However, we find mixed effects of long commute time on medical checkup outcomes and health-related activities such as exercise.
A Note on City Size and the Sharing of Quasi-Rent between Labor and Capital in China
Authors: Kong Zhe , Zhang Xiaohan , Cui Weiwei
Published: May 2023

We use an asymmetric Nash bargaining model between worker and firms, under the assumption of firm-specific human capital (FSHC), to argue that city size influences the proportion of the rent received by labor (i.e., the magnitude of labor share of rent). We argue that an increase in city size generates both a positive effect (the “FSHC-autonomy effect”) on the bargaining power of labor as well as a negative effect (the division-of-labor effect) on the bargaining power of labor. Our empirical exploration found that labor share of the rent (in percent) increases with city size, suggesting that the FSHC-autonomy effect is greater than the division of labor effect.
Speculative Ephemera: Reimagining Racialized Embodiment in Korean American Family Photographs
Authors: Yim Rachel
Published: May 2023

This article uses personal family photographs to explore a framework of speculative looking. I begin by considering the category of Asian/American woman not as a knowable entity but as an analytic. I then consider family photographs and alternate modes of speculation to further consider Asian/American gendered subject formation. Using photography, I autoethnographically close read images while thinking about the many afterlives of the Korean War in relation to gendered migration, assimilation, and family formation. I argue for a speculative looking that creates new bonds and possibilities for care by insisting on alternate temporal knowledges across time, allowing visibility to become a site of contestation and possibility. Photography has historically functioned to discipline Asian bodies into racialized and gendered subjectivities to monitor citizenship. The ephemerality of family photographs offers a way to think about the nonlinearity of memory and the everyday presence of violence alongside enduring forms of care.
Impact of Teaching Materials Based on the Family Resemblance Approach on Pre-service Chemistry Teachers’ Views of Nature of Science
Authors: Ju Hyunshik , Cho Eun Hye , Paik Seoung-Hey
Published: May 2023

This study investigated the impact of teaching materials developed using the reconceptualized family resemblance approach to the nature of science (RFN) on pre-service chemistry teachers views about the nature of science (NOS). The materials were based on the book Leviathan and the Air-Pump: Hobbes, Boyle, and the Experimental Life by Shapin and Schaffer (1985), which covers various aspects of NOS emphasized by the RFN. The pre-service teachers underwent 15 weeks of constructivist learning, including lectures, discussions, and essay writing, and their understanding of NOS was evaluated using a pre- and post-test. The results revealed changes in their understanding of NOS, particularly in the social aspects of science. This study is significant in shedding light on the specific challenges that participants encountered when grappling with the idea of science as a social and institutional system.
Coaching and Doping: A Test of Situational Action Theory
Authors: Shadmanfaat Seyyedeh Masoomeh , Kabiri Saeed , Smith Hayden P , Cochran John K , Andersen Tia Stevens , Madahi Javad
Published: May 2023

Deviant and criminal behavior in sport remains a significant problem because it threatens the rules, norms and culture that value fairness. The use of performance-enhancing substances (PED), also known as “doping”, is generally prohibited in sanctioned sports because they violate this philosophy. While previous research has documented the crucial role that coaches occupy in player’s deviancy, there is a lack of theoretical perspectives used to assess the relationship between coaches and athletes in decisions to engage in doping. The present study examines a sample of Iranian sports coaches ( n = 374) using situational action theory and regression models. The results indicate that deviant coaching is a form of moral action that involves an interaction between characteristics of the coach.
Response to Robert Priest by Timothy C. Tennent, President and Professor of World Christianity, Asbury Theological Seminary
Authors: Tennent Timothy
Published: May 2023

A response to Robert Priest’s review of my book, For the Body: Recovering a Theology of Gender, Sexuality and the Human Body
Effectively Engaging First-Generation Rural Students in Higher Education: New Opportunities for Sociology
Authors: Stough-Hunter Anjel , Lekies Kristi S.
Published: May 2023

Rural and first-generation students face unique challenges to accessing and persisting through college. While there is increasing literature on how to better serve first-generation college students, rural first-generation students have received far less attention. By associating student experiences with key concepts such as social groups, social class, inequality, community, and culture, sociology is well positioned to address the needs of first-generation rural students and enhance learning for all students. In this conversation piece, we will discuss the intersection of first-generation and rural identities and provide ideas for countering the urbancentric teaching of sociology and engaging rural first-generation students as assets at the classroom, faculty, department, and institutional levels.
Conditions for cross-professional union coalition-building: When enough is enough, but solidarity also has its limits!
Authors: Hansen Nana Wesley , Krachler Nick
Published: May 2023

Competition between unions whose membership has different skills and professionalization levels is a long-standing issue in the labour movement. This article investigates the conditions for why and how a unique cross-professional coalition of all Danish public-sector unions developed between 2017 and 2018. Operating in a favourable context, unions overcame professionalization differences when skilled brokers primed a common instrumental base as other unionists used a public interest frame to legitimate the coalition and its demands ideologically. However, once the common instrumental concern was met, the coalition collapsed. The article argues that union coalition-building depends on multiple factors comprising both contextual, and identity and relational conditions. The article further argues that adopting a framing that focuses on the public interest over professional self-interest helps to successfully overcome professional cleavages.
Half Empty and Half Full? Biased Perceptions of Compassionate Love and Effects of Dyadic Complementarity
Authors: Kim James J. , Reis Harry T. , Maniaci Michael R. , Joel Samantha
Published: May 2023

The prevailing theory on relationship judgments for interaction attributes suggests individuals tend to underestimate a romantic partner’s expressions of compassionate love and that such underestimation is beneficial for the relationship. Yet, limited research has incorporated dyadic perspectives to assess how biased perceptions are associated with both partners’ outcomes. In two daily studies of couples, we used distinct analytical approaches (Truth and Bias Model; Dyadic Response Surface Analysis) to inform perspectives on how biased perceptions are interrelated and predict relationship satisfaction. Consistent with prior research, people demonstrated an underestimation bias. However, there were differential effects of biased perceptions for actors versus partners: Underestimation predicted lower actor satisfaction but generally higher satisfaction for partners. Furthermore, we find evidence for complementarity effects: partners’ directional biases were inversely related, and couples were more satisfied when partners had opposing patterns of directional bias. Findings help integrate theoretical perspectives on the adaptive role of biased relationship perceptions.
Diagnosing Chinese EFL learners’ writing ability using polytomous cognitive diagnostic models
Authors: Shi Xiaoting , Ma Xiaomei , Du Wenbo , Gao Xuliang
Published: May 2023

Cognitive diagnostic assessment (CDA) intends to identify learners’ strengths and weaknesses in latent cognitive attributes to provide personalized remedial instructions. Previous CDA studies on English as a Foreign Language (EFL)/English as a Second Language (ESL) writing have adopted dichotomous cognitive diagnostic models (CDMs) to analyze data from checklists using simple yes/no judgments. Compared to descriptors with multiple levels, descriptors with only yes/no judgments were considered too absolute, potentially resulting in misjudgment of learners’ writing ability. However, few studies have used polytomous CDMs to analyze graded response data from rating scales to diagnose writing ability. This study applied polytomous CDMs to diagnose 1166 EFL learners’ writing performance scored with a three-level rating scale. The sG-DINA model was selected after comparing model-data fit statistics of multiple polytomous CDMs. The results of classification accuracy indices and item discrimination indices further demonstrated that sG-DINA had good performance on identifying learners’ strengths and weaknesses. The generated diagnostic information at group and individual levels was further synthesized into a personalized diagnostic report, although its usefulness still requires further investigation. The findings provided evidence for the feasibility of applying polytomous CDM in EFL writing assessment.
Effects of short-term −30° HDT on contrast sensitivity
Authors: Li Jing , Shang Shijie , Zhang Man , Yue Pinqing , Ren Weicong , Zhang Pan , Wang Zeng , Wu Di
Published: May 2023

Potential cognitive and physiological alterations due to space environments have been investigated in long-term space flight and various microgravity-like conditions, for example, head-down tilt (HDT), confinement, isolation, and immobilization. However, little is known about the influence of simulated microgravity environments on visual function. Contrast sensitivity (CS), which indicates how much contrast a person requires to see a target, is a fundamental feature of human vision. Here, we investigated how the CS changed by 1-h −30° HDT and determined the corresponding mechanisms with a perceptual template model. A quick contrast sensitivity function procedure was used to assess the CS at ten spatial frequencies and three external noise levels. We found that (1) relative to the  + 30° head-up tilt (HUT) position, 1-h −30° HDT significantly deteriorated the CS at intermediate frequencies when external noise was present; (2) CS loss was not detected in zero- or high-noise conditions; (3) HDT-induced CS loss was characterized by impaired perceptual template; and (4) self-reported questionnaires indicated that subjects felt less pleasure and more excitement, less comfort and more fatigued by screen light, less comfort in the area around the eye, and serious symptoms such as piercing pain, blur acid, strain, eye burning, and dizziness after HDT. These findings improve our understanding of the negative effects of simulated microgravity on visual function and elucidate the potential risks of astronauts during space flight.
Histological Analysis of Regenerative Properties in Human Glenoid Labral Regions
Authors: Hoang Le Q. , Vaish Bhavya , Izuagbe Samira , Co Cynthia M. , Borrelli Joseph , Millett Peter J. , Tang Liping
Published: May 2023

Background:

The healing capacity of the human glenoid labrum varies by tear location. Current evidence suggests that the healing capacity of meniscal and cartilage injuries relates to cellular composition and vascularity. However, little is known about the histological characteristics of the glenoid labrum and how they may affect healing potential in specific anatomic regions.

Hypothesis:

Regenerative characteristics of the glenoid labrum differ based on the anatomic region.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Human glenoid labra from fresh unpreserved cadavers were transversely sectioned in different anatomic regions. Masson trichrome stain was used to determine dense and loose extracellular matrix regions and vessel densities. Hematoxylin and eosin, Ki-67+, and CD90+/CD105+ stains were performed to determine total, proliferative, and progenitor cell densities, respectively. Regression models demonstrated relationships between vascular area, progenitor cell quantity, and probability of successful operation.

Results:

Among all labral aspects, the superior glenoid labrum had the highest percentage (56.8% ± 6.9%) of dense extracellular matrix or avascular tissue ( P < .1). The vascular region of the superior labrum had the fewest total cells (321 ± 135 cells/mm2; P < .01) and progenitor cells (20 ± 4 cells/mm2; P < .001). Vascular area was directly correlated with progenitor cell quantity ( P = .006002). An increase in probability of successful operation was associated with a linear increase in vascular area ( R2 = 0.765) and an exponential increase in progenitor cell quantity ( R2 = 0.795). Subsequently, quadratic models of vascularity and progenitor cell quantity around the labral clock were used to assess relative healing potential. Quadratic models for percentage vascular area ( P = 6.35e-07) and weighted progenitor cell density ( P = 3.03e-05) around the labral clock showed that percentage vascular area and progenitor cell quantity increased as labral tissue neared the inferior aspect and diminished near the superior aspect.

Conclusion:

Anatomic regions of the glenoid labrum differ in extracellular matrix composition, vascularity, and cell composition. The superior glenoid labrum is deficient in vascularity and progenitor cells, which may explain the high failure rates for repairs in this location.

Clinical Relevance:

Improved understanding of the composition of distinct glenoid labral positions may help to improve therapeutic strategies for labral pathology.
A Scoping Review of Workplace Culture of Health Measures
Authors: Marenus Michele W. , Marzec Mary , Chen Weiyun
Published: May 2023

Objective

This study aimed to review existing measures of workplace culture of health and to examine the health and wellbeing outcomes associated with workplace culture of health.

Data Sources

PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and PsycINFO databases searched through February 2022.

Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria

Articles were included if they used a specific measure to assess culture of health in the workplace and were published in English. Articles were excluded if there was no quantitative measure of health culture.

Data Extraction

Data from each article was extracted using a structured template which included study purpose, participants and setting, study design, intervention strategies (if applicable), culture of health measure, and results.

Data Synthesis

We described culture of health measures used and summarized key findings from included articles.

Results

The search yielded 31 articles measuring workplace culture of health (three validation, two intervention, and 26 observational studies). Nineteen unique measures were used across all articles. Most studies examined culture of health from the employee perspective (n = 23), while others examined it at the organizational level (n = 7). The studies indicated a positive relationship between health and well-being outcomes and a strong workplace health culture.

Conclusion

There are many different approaches to measuring workplace health culture. Overall, workplace culture of health is related to positive employee and organizational health and wellbeing outcomes.
Investigation of tool wear rate during micro-electrochemical spark machining process
Authors: Kumar Nitesh , Das Alok Kumar
Published: May 2023

Micro-electrochemical spark machining (micro-ECSM) process exhibits good potential to process any materials with high dimensional accuracy and surface quality. However, the tool erosion (due to sparking) in different directions affects the accuracy of the finished features. Tungsten carbide (WC) material is widely used as a tool material to minimize dimensional inaccuracy of the machined part. Tungsten is a potential alternative tool material for this process, having melting point higher than WC. Due to the high melting point, the radial and axial erosion may be reduced significantly. The in-depth study on tungsten tool erosion (wear) behaviour has not been studied widely. In this work, the influence of different input machining parameters on tool erosion behaviour has been explored. The influence of voltage, duty factor, pulse frequency, electrolyte type, their concentrations, and tool immersion length in the electrolyte was considered for the analysis purpose. The results reveal that voltage is the most influencing parameter for tool erosion which mainly occurs at the bottom edge, whereas electrolyte level is the least influencing parameter. The tool weight loss is increased to 153% by changing voltage from 50 V to 60 V whereas axial length loss is 146 µm at 60 V is observed. Further, the micro hole is fabricated at machining parameter voltage: 50 V, duty factor: 40%, frequency: 6 kHz, NaOH electrolyte of concentration 2 M, and 2 mm electrolyte level. The wall surface of the hole shows an average surface roughness of 4.31 µm having the average recast layer thickness and HAZ of 31 µm and 56 µm, respectively, at the edge of the hole.
Conflict Management in MSME: An Empirical Study
Authors: Thomas Sharon , Durai F. R. Alexander Pravin
Published: May 2023

This research focuses on the three project management facets of the iron triangle that the project manager must handle. Cost is one major issue that causes conflict in the project management triangle. Our research indicates that proactively addressing salary-related issues within the constraints can resolve many possible conflicts and improve team dynamics. Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) play a crucial role in the development and growth of the IT solutions industry. The study was conducted at IT solutions under MSMEs, and the sample comprised 109 IT professionals: business analysts, developers, testers, cloud-based jobs, data engineers and leads. The salary was identified as one of the potential variables of the source of conflict. The study confirmed a meaningful relationship between salary perceptions and job roles. Data analysis was conducted using ANOVA, and a contrast test was carried out using IBM SPSS 25 for specific comparisons among the job roles.
Employment Arrangements, Labour Conditions, and Job Satisfaction Among the Women Workers Employed in the Pencil Village of India (Pulwama, Kashmir)
Authors: Yasin Ifrah , Nayyar Savita
Published: May 2023

The expansion of industry in India necessitates the continual advancement of manufacturing workers. Employees encounter several obstacles that jeopardise their health, comfort, and access to important services. Such limits can be reduced by establishing legislation that prioritises the appropriate execution of particular workplace practises and allows individuals to work in a pleasant atmosphere. The Indian Factories Act of 1948 is one such legislation that attempts to guarantee the safety and well-being of all industrial employees in India. We examined the actual implementation of this Act, notably its welfare provisions, in Pulwama’s pencil factories. Despite women’s lack of education and ability, pencil makers offered individuals the possibility to work and earn a livelihood, but their earnings were insufficient. Though employers and the government are making efforts to recruit and assist women workers at pencil factories, we have discovered that they were ignoring their medical treatment facilities and some basic amenities. Women workers received insufficient pre- and post-natal care, which has led to frequent employment turnover following marriage. The majority of women workers were uninformed of their rights under the Factories Act and hence were unlikely to approach anybody or any organisation to enforce its responsibilities.
Ranking the Openness of Criminology Units: An Attempt to Incentivize the Use of Librarians, Institutional Repositories, and Unit-Dedicated Collections to Increase Scholarly Impact and Justice
Authors: Jacques Scott
Published: May 2023

In this article, I describe and explain a way for criminologists—as individuals, as groups, and, especially, as university units (e.g., colleges, departments, schools)—to increase the quantity and quality of open criminology. They should ask university librarians to make their outputs open access (OA) on their “unit repositories” (URs), which are unit-dedicated “collections” on universities’ institutional repositories (IR). I try to advance this practice by devising and employing a metric, the “URscore,” to document, analyze, and rank criminology units’ contributions to open criminology, as prescribed. To illustrate the metric’s use, I did a study of 45 PhD-granting criminology units in the United States. I found almost all of them have access to an IR; less than two thirds have a UR; less than one third have used it this decade; their URs have a total of 190 open outputs from the 2020s, with 78% emanating from the top three “most open” PhD-granting criminology units in the United States: University of California, Irvine (with 72 open outputs), John Jay College of Criminal Justice (with 47 such outputs), and University of Nebraska, Omaha (with 30 such outputs). I end with a discussion of critical issues, instructions, and futures, including what I learned from publishing this article’s preprint.
Successful Criminal Prosecutions of Sex Trafficking and Sexual Abuse of Minors: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Quas Jodi A. , Mukhopadhyay Shreya , Winks Kaitlin M. H. , Dianiska Rachel E. , Lyon Thomas D.
Published: May 2023

Despite increased awareness of sex trafficking of minors in the U.S., prosecution of traffickers remains difficult, in part because of victim uncooperativeness. There are questions about how that uncooperativeness is expressed, whether it is evident in successfully prosecuted cases, and whether it is unique to trafficked minors or it emerges in similar age victims of sexual abuse. To provide insight relevant to these questions, we compared appellate opinions in two types of successfully prosecuted criminal cases: sex trafficking and sexual abuse of adolescent victims. In the trafficking opinions, victims were rarely described as disclosing on their own or as knowing their trafficker before the victimization. The opinions also often alluded to the trafficking victims’ uncooperativeness and delinquency history, and frequently mentioned electronic evidence and prosecution experts. The sexual abuse opinions, in contrast, tended to suggest that victims’ own disclosures initiated the case, perpetrators were known and trusted adults, and caregiver support during the case was common. Finally, the sexual abuse opinions never explicitly mentioned victim uncooperativeness or electronic evidence and rarely mentioned expert testimony or delinquency. The different characterizations of the two case types highlight the need for improved education concerning effective prosecution of sex crimes against minors.
Emergence: (Un)Common Intervention
Authors: Agarwal Malvika , Poczobut Sandra
Published: May 2023

Emergence: (Un)common Intervention is a video that introduces a multimodal, interdisciplinary, and sensory art installation created by the artists, educators, and PhD students Malvika Agarwal and Sandra Poczobut. The composite of moving images and photos portray various iterations of the installation. The video captures a sensory aspect of the art, which reflects on the role of emergence and intra-action in engendering embodied reflexivity as a way to advance socially just pedagogies. It serves as an invitation for educators, students, and artists to consider collective processes of embodied reflexivity in their work through artistic undertakings in education.
Sars-CoV2 infection in pregnant women with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Aprea Maria Grazia , Schiavetti Irene , Portaccio Emilio , Ballerini Chiara , Battaglia Mario Alberto , Bergamaschi Roberto , Brichetto Giampaolo , Bunul S Destan , Calabrese Massimiliano , Capobianco Marco , Cavalla Paola , Celani Maria Grazia , Clerico Marinella , Cocco Eleonora , Comi Giancarlo , Confalonieri Paolo , Conte Antonella , Cordioli Cinzia , De Luca Giovanna , De Rossi Nicola , Filippi Massimo , Gumes Haluk , Immovilli Paolo , Inglese Matilde , Karabudak Rana , Landi Doriana , Lanzillo Roberta , L’Episcopo Maria Rita , Lorefice Lorena , Mantero Vittorio , Marangoni Sabrina , Marfia Girolama Alessandra , Masciulli Camilla , Milano Eva , Moiola Lucia , Orlandi Riccardo , Patti Francesco , Perini Paola , Pesci Ilaria , Pucci Eugenio , Puthenparampil Marco , Radaelli Marta , Salvetti Marco , Sartori Arianna , Scandellari Cinzia , Sen Sedat , Siva Aksel , Strumia Silvia , Teatini Francesco , Tedeschi Gioacchino , Trojano Maria , Tutuncu Melih , Vaula Giovanna , Sormani Maria Pia , Amato Maria Pia ,   Musc-19 Study Group
Published: May 2023

Background:

In the general population, maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy is associated with worse maternal outcomes; however, only one study so far has evaluated COVID-19 clinical outcomes in pregnant and postpartum women with multiple sclerosis, showing no higher risk for poor COVID-19 outcomes in these patients.

Objective:

In this multicenter study, we aimed to evaluate COVID-19 clinical outcomes in pregnant patients with multiple sclerosis.

Methods:

We recruited 85 pregnant patients with multiple sclerosis who contracted COVID-19 after conception and were prospectively followed-up in Italian and Turkish Centers, in the period 2020-2022. A control group of 1354 women was extracted from the database of the Multiple Sclerosis and COVID-19 (MuSC-19). Univariate and subsequent logistic regression models were fitted to search for risk factors associated with severe COVID-19 course (at least one outcome among hospitalization, intensive care unit [ICU] admission and death).

Results:

In the multivariable analysis, independent predictors of severe COVID-19 were age, body mass index ⩾ 30, treatment with anti-CD20 and recent use of methylprednisolone. Vaccination before infection was a protective factor. Vaccination before infection was a protective factor. Pregnancy was not a risk nor a protective factor for severe COVID-19 course.

Conclusion:

Our data show no significant increase of severe COVID-19 outcomes in patients with multiple sclerosis who contracted the infection during pregnancy.
Exploring a circular economy solution space A comparative study to develop automated optimisation workflows supported by machine learning for circular design problems
Authors: Ortner F Peter , Tay Jing Zhi
Published: May 2023

Embedding circular economy (CE) principles in early design requires iterative evaluation across multiple lifecycle phases, with trade-offs between objectives complicating the identification of best solutions. This paper puts forward methods to automatically discover diverse, yet well-performing solution types within complex multi-objective CE design optimisation models. Working with a parametric model derived from a furniture design for CE case study, a comparison is made between weighted-sum single objective optimisation and multi-objective optimisation augmented with clustered solution types targeted by the reference point-based NSGA-II optimisation algorithm. Efficiency of optimisation, quality of results and distinctiveness of solution types presented by each method is compared in an effort to understand which will best assist designers to manage complexity in CE design. The generalisability of the presented methods to larger scale CE design problems is discussed and future areas of work on computational design for CE are extrapolated from the presented results.
Intrinsic Predictors of Injury on a Multi-day Wilderness Event for Adolescents and Adult Leaders
Authors: Finlinson Natalie , Lacey Jordyn , Christensen Daniel , Chan Julian , Moore Scott
Published: May 2023

Wilderness recreation has become increasingly popular in the US over the last few decades; with adolescents and young adults making up 20% of participants. While outdoor recreation has many benefits, there is also risk of injury. It is hypothesized that certain intrinsic and lifestyle factors impact risk of injury; stress, age, and pre-existing psychological conditions. There were 48 adolescents, 21 adults, and 3 unclassified individuals enrolled for a total of 72 healthy individuals of varying fitness levels. They pulled handcarts for 22 miles in Utah’s high plains for what is known as Pioneer Trek. This is a multi-day optional experience for youth to participate in to gain an appreciation of what the early Utah settlers accomplished when they crossed the plains. A survey was given to identify pre-existing conditions and education was provided for prevention of common injuries and dehydration. The medical team saw patients as needed and charted the type and frequency of injury. Logistic regression was performed using pre-existing conditions, injury type and frequency. Older age and low feelings of stress were associated with reducing the odds of injury (Age OR = .898, stress OR = .017). We also found that individuals with pre-existing psychological conditions were more likely to incur an injury (OR = 4.90 P = .07). Our study showed that age, psychological condition, and experiencing sensations of stress impact the risk of injury. Thus, these factors should be taken into consideration to prevent injuries in wilderness activities.
Bringing data monitoring committee charters into the sunlight
Authors: DeMets David L , Zarin Deborah A , Rockhold Frank , Ellenberg Susan S , Fleming Thomas , Wittes Janet
Published: May 2023

Clinical trials investigating novel or high risk interventions, or studying vulnerable participants, often use a data monitoring committee to oversee the progress of the trial. The data monitoring committee serves both an ethical and a scientific function, by protecting the interests of trial participants while ensuring the integrity of the trial results. A data monitoring committee charter, which typically describes the procedures by which data monitoring committees operate, contains details about the data monitoring committee’s organizational structure, membership, meeting frequency, sequential monitoring guidelines, and the overall contents of data monitoring committee reports for interim review. These charters, however, are generally not reviewed by outside entities and are rarely publicly available. The result is that a key component of trial oversight remains in the dark. We recommend that ClinicalTrials.gov modify its system to allow uploading of data monitoring committee charters, as is already possible for other important study documents and that clinical trialists take advantage of this opportunity to voluntarily upload the data monitoring committee charter for trials that have one. The resulting cache of publicly available data monitoring committee charters should provide important insights for those interested in a particular trial, as well as for meta-researchers who wish to understand and potentially improve how this important component of trial oversight is actually being applied.
Surgical video use and preparation for operative procedures among urology residents and fellows: Results from a national survey
Authors: Movassaghi Miyad , Garza Erick A , Badalato Gina M , Chung Doreen E
Published: May 2023

Objective:

The availability of surgical videos has changed the nature of learning outside the operating room. Within urology, there are limited reports on the use of surgical videos during training. This study sought to characterise both the preferred platforms and the utilization patterns of videos among a contemporary cohort of urology trainees.

Materials and Methods:

An anonymous survey was distributed by the Society of Academic Urologists to trainees in September 2021. Data prospectively collected included respondent demographics, video platforms utilized, perceived educational value, satisfaction, and overall time spent using videos for case preparation.

Results:

In total, 169 urology residents and fellows completed the survey (23.6%). Nearly all (96.4%) respondents reported utilizing videos to prepare for cases, with 95.1% reporting videos as helpful for this purpose. YouTube (81.4%) and American Urological Association (AUA) University (16.3%) were the most common sources for video content. Video ‘narration’ was the most valued feature. When stratified by trainee level, 91.5% of senior residents/fellows reported using YouTube, compared with 56.6% of junior residents ( p < 0.005). Overall, approximately 4 out of 5 trainees ultimately recommend YouTube as a video resource, compared with 57% recommending AUA University ( p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Most urology trainees report surgical videos as a crucial component of their training, preferring to access videos directly from the YouTube website. As the quality of videos from YouTube varies, finding ways to share quality educational content should remain a priority for the medical education community moving forward.

Level of evidence:

Not applicable
Doctoral: A smartphone-based decision support tool for the early detection of oral potentially malignant disorders
Authors: Di Fede Olga , Panzarella Vera , Buttacavoli Fortunato , La Mantia Gaetano , Campisi Giuseppina
Published: May 2023

Oral potentially malignant disorders can be defined as mucosal lesions and conditions with an increased risk of malignant transformation. Oral potentially malignant disorders are a significant health burden, and they are often diagnosed late due to scant attention to routine dental practice and the low number of specialized oral medicine centres. This report summarizes the DoctOral experience, a research initiative, providing a free smartphone-based decision support tool for the general medical/dental practitioner; the tool is based on the clinical appearance of oral lesions. Captured, oral pictures can be immediately examined via interactive decision trees and constructed on the smartphone. Such decision trees are expressed in standard formats, and they are readily accessible for facilitating the completion of a hypothetical diagnostic path. Since October 2017 the DoctOral mobile app has been downloaded by 10K + users, achieving a score of 4.8 out of 5. DoctOral also supports an unfolding joint initiative, called DoctOralAI: this involves selecting reference images, with which to create an open-source model, and perform a Case-Based Reasoning method, both of which are combined with machine learning. The DoctOral mobile app has revolutionized oral pathology by providing dental students and professionals with an interactive platform for recognizing and diagnosing oral lesions.
Parallel opioid crises: brakes on sustainable development?
Authors: Pettus Katherine , Radbruch Lukas
Published: May 2023

This Review perspective analyzes the parallel ‘opioid crises’ – one of access, the other of excess – affecting different demographic groups in distinct regions of the world, in terms of a knowledge gap between the founding 20th-century regulatory frameworks around ‘drugs’, including opioids, and evolving 21st-century clinical developments in public health, palliative care, addiction medicine, and regulatory sciences. Identifying the parallel crises as such is a positive step that can enable governance and science to catch up to one another and realign. As it is now, the opioid crises are acting as brakes on development as defined by the United Nations (UN) 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (SDGs). Both crises affect UN member states’ ability to reach the Goal 3 ‘Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages’ of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Among the nine targets for Goal 3, the two opioid crises affect progress toward Target 3.5, on strengthening the prevention and treatment of substance abuse, including narcotic drug abuse, and Target 3.8, providing Universal Health Coverage (UHC), and adequate access to essential medicines. The parallel opioid crises, which both represent misalignment between anachronistic governance structures and epistemic developments, have several things in common beyond the opioid molecules themselves: regulatory and health system deficits that interact pathologically with baked in cultural stigma around psychoactive substances, stigma evident in the designation of these substances in international law as ‘narcotic drugs’. Community regeneration, educational development, and governance reforms can now replace politicized rather than evidence-based and public health–promoting drug policies that block progress toward both SDG 3 targets in different countries for different reasons. Quantification of serious health-related suffering (SHS) pertaining to a range of health conditions and demographic groups now provides the epidemiological evidence to legitimate such a timely paradigm shift.