bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Site on Mount Lutraki
Authors: Pollard J. R. T.
Published: October 2013

In a note at the end, of his preface to Perachora I (1940), Mr. T. J. Dunbabin mentions a new site which he had discovered on the summit of Mount Lutraki. I visited the site (cf. Fig.) in July 1949 and found a good fragment of a sima lying among the débris on the small platform (Plate 6(a)) immediately S.W. of the summit. The platform measures barely six feet by four feet in its present state, but there is reason to suppose that it was formerly larger.
Laconia
Authors: Cook J. M. , Nicholls R. V.
Published: October 2013

The village of Kalývia Sokhás lies against the base of one of the massive foothills in which Taygetus falls to the plain three or four miles to the south of Sparta (Plate 26, 1). It is bounded by two rivers which flow down in deep clefts from the mountain shelf. The hillside above rises steeply to a summit which is girt with cliffs on all but the west side and cannot be much less than four thousand feet above sea level; this von Prott believed to be the peak of Taleton. Its summit is crowned by the ruins of a mediaeval castle which was undoubtedly built as a stronghold to overlook the Spartan plain; the only dateable object found there, a sherd of elaborate incised ware, indicates occupation at the time when the Byzantines were in possession of Mystra. The location of the other sites mentioned by Pausanias in this region remains obscure, but fortunately that of the Spartan Eleusinion has not been in doubt since von Prott discovered a cache of inscriptions at the ruined church of H. Sophia in the village of Kalývia Sokhás. In 1910 Dawkins dug trenches at the foot of the slope immediately above the village and recovered a fragment of a stele relating to the cult of the goddesses and pieces of inscribed tiles from the sanctuary. The abundance of water in the southern ravine led von Prott to conclude that the old town of Bryseai with its cult of Dionysus also lay at Kalývia Sokhás; but no traces of urban settlement have come to light at the village, and the name rather suggests copious springs such as issue from the mountain foot at Kefalári a mile to the north where ancient blocks are to be seen in the fields.
Notes on an Inscription from Chios
Authors: Kontoleon N. M.
Published: October 2013

In BSA xli (1940–5) 45 f. Mr. D. W. S. Hunt publishes without commentary the text of a Chian inscription removed from the wall of the Kastro of Chios and now in the courtyard of the Museum of Chios. I have been working for a long time on this inscription and shall publish it shortly, together with other unpublished inscriptions of Chios.
The Excavation of the Kamares Cave in Crete
Authors: Dawkins R. M. , Laistner M. L. W.
Published: October 2013

The Kamares cave on Mount Ida has been known now for more than twenty years as a prehistoric sanctuary, but its full excavation was only carried out in the summer of 1913 by a party from the British School, which thus resumed the work in Crete discontinued since Palaikastro gave way to Sparta in 1906. This early fame of the cave was due to the discovery in it in the early nineties of a number of vases and a few figurines, which Dr. Hazzidakis secured from the shepherd who had found them and placed in what was then the Museum of the Archaeological Syllogos at Candia. Some of the vases bear the marks of the rivets with which their peasant owner mended them.

The results of our excavation have so greatly supplemented this first instalment that the authorities of the Candia Museum have been able to do a great deal in the way of the reconstruction of vases, of which until now only small pieces were available, and these restorations have been put at our service for the photographs which accompany this report.

As soon as these vases were discovered they were at once recognised as belonging to a kind until then almost entirely unknown, and the name ‘Kamares,’ which was at once given to them, still remains current as a general description of that kind of Cretan pottery which has a black ground and white or polychrome ornament, although at the present stage of research rather as a convenient name for the technique than with any chronological meaning.
The Tsakonian Dialect.—I
Authors: Scutt C. A.
Published: October 2013

The area over which the Tsakonian dialect is spoken lies on the east coast of the Peloponnese between the Parnon range and the sea. Its northern boundary is roughly the torrent which, rising on Parnon above Kastánitsa, flows into the sea near Ayios Andréas, its southern the torrent which, also rising on Parnon, passes through Lenídhi to the sea. A mountain range stretches along the coast from end to end of the district, reaching its highest point (1114 metres) in Mt. Sevetíla above the village of Korakovúni. Between Tyrós and Pramateftí, the seaward slopes of this range are gentle and well covered with soil. Behind these coast hills there stretches a long highland plain, known as the Palaiókhora, which, in the north, is fairly well covered with soil, but gradually rises towards the south into a region of stony grazing land, and terminates abruptly in the heights above Lenídhi. The high hill of Oríonda rises out of the Palaiókhora to the west and forms a natural centre-point of the whole district. Behind it stretching up to the bare rock of Parnon, is rough hilly country, cut here and there by ravines and offering but rare patches of cultivable land.
Excavations at Plati in Lasithi, Crete
Authors: Dawkins R. M.
Published: October 2013

When I was at Candia in the autumn of 1913, Dr. Hatzidakis, the Ephor of Antiquities, told me that a report had reached him of a Minoan site near the village of Pláti in the plain of Lasithi, and suggested that the School should apply for a permit to excavate it. Before leaving Crete I made a preliminary inspection of the site, and the prospects seemed to justify the School in undertaking the work. The local account was that a woman had had a dream that by digging in a certain place a church bell would be found. The villagers accordingly dug a hole in the place indicated, and found not a bell but an early piece of wall and some fragments of obsidian. A report of the discovery was made to the authorities by the scholarch of Tsermiádo, the chief village of Lasithi, and it was this document to which Dr. Hatzidakis called my attention.

The usual kindness of the Cretan authorities produced the required permit, and by the 25th of April the site had been measured by the government engineer in accordance with the law now in force, and we were able to begin the work. This lasted for exactly a month, until the 25th of May, the number of men employed being for the most part about thirty, and resulted in the discovery of the Minoan settlement described in the second section of this report. The party consisted of Messrs. J. P. Droop, R. M. Heath, and M. L. W. Laistner with the Director in charge throughout.
Thevet's Grand Insulaire and his Travels in the Levant
Authors: Hasluck F. W.
Published: October 2013

Two folio volumes in the Bibliothèque Nationale (MS. Fr. 15, 452–3) contain an ambitious work by André Thevet on the islands of the world, entitled Le Grand Insulaire et Pilotage d'Andre Thevet, Angoumousin, cosmographe du Roy, dans lequel sont contenus plusieurs plants d'isles habitées et déshiabitées et description d'icelles. The date 1586 is scribbled on the back of one of the maps in vol. i. and checked by a reference on f. 112, which gives the date of the Insulaire as twenty-five years later than a voyage undertaken by the author to the New World in 1551. We may thus take the date of the composition as lying between 1576 and 1586.

The first volume of the Insulaire (numbered ff. 413, of which nineteen are blank, plus thirty-two unnumbered written sheets) contains descriptions and many engraved maps of the North European and East Indian Islands, Japan, the Canaries, and the islands of the New World.
The Mounds of Macedonia
Authors: Wace A. J. B.
Published: October 2013

A recent journey has given me the opportunity of verifying and supplementing the observations on the prehistoric sites of Macedonia made by Mr. M. S. Thompson and myself in 1909. The following remarks are to be considered merely as notes intended to assist in the future exploration of Macedonian prehistoric mounds, as they are based on observation and not on excavation.

In 1911 we noted a prehistoric settlement on a bluff on the right bank of the Haliakmon just above the Serfije end of the bridge over the river on the Kozane-Serfije road. The mound directly overlooks the bridge-head and is skirted on the west by the high road. The fields round are known as Emir Chaiir. In our previous examination of the mound Mr. Thompson and I found only plain hand-made prehistoric potsherds which possessed no sufficiently marked characteristics to enable us to determine to what group they belonged.
Some Lydian Propitiatory Inscriptions
Authors: Buckler W. H.
Published: October 2013

Of the six following inscriptions the first is new, the other five are already known. These five are here republished because they all have some features in common with the first and appear to be worthy of fresh study.

I.: Small stele of grey marble belonging to Athanasios Dürekoglu; photographed and copied by me at Kula in June 1914. Height 66 cm.; width at top 32 cm., at bottom 42 cm.; thickness 6 cm. A clean break runs across the middle. Above the following text, which is perfectly preserved, is a sunken panel, on which are represented a pair of eyes and below these a pair of pigeons in low relief. (Plate XV, 1.)

This is one of those propitiatory monuments, found almost exclusively in Maeonia and S.W. Phrygia, which were dedicated by penitents at various sanctuaries to commemorate specific sins and the penalties inflicted by the gods.
The Mosques of the Arabs in Constantinople
Authors: Hasluck F. W.
Published: October 2013

Two mosques in Galata—the Mosque of the Arabs (Arab Djami) and the Mosque of the Leaded Store (Kurshunlu Maghzen Djamisi)—lay claim to be the earliest buildings consecrated to Moslem worship in Constantinople. Both are supposed to date from the period of the Arab sieges, many centuries before the Ottoman conquest. Their traditional claim to this honourable pedigree is of some antiquity. Evliya Effendi, in the middle of the seventeenth century, already attributes an Arab origin to four buildings in Galata, of which two are the mosques in question and the others a lead-roofed granary (Kurshunlu Maghzen), still used as such in his time, and the famous Galata Tower. All these, and in addition the Rose Mosque (Gul-Djami) in Stamboul, are supposed to have been built during the famous siege of Constantinople by the Arabs under Maslama.
Documents from Mylasa
Authors: Buckler W. H.
Published: October 2013

The notable series of legal documents from Mylasa and her small neighbour Olymos, which show how the landed investments of Carian temples were dealt with at the beginning of the second quarter of the first century B.C., have lately been somewhat neglected by scholars. Boeckh made a good beginning (C.I.G. 2693e, 2694), but Waddington was the first to edit and to explain these inscriptions intelligibly (L.B.W. iii. 323–416). Judeich made, in 1889–90, a valuable revision of Waddington's principal texts, besides contributing several new ones of his own (Ath. Mitt. xiv. pp. 367 f.; xv. pp. 259 f.). In 1891 Dareste, Haussoullier, and Reinach (Inscr. jurid. gr. i., p. 242–49) edited, with translations and commentary, the important documents copied in 1881 and 1888 by Hauvette-Besnault and Dubois (B.C.H. v. pp. 108–119) and by Cousin and Diehl (B.C.H. xii. p. 30). A number of new fragments were published without commentary by Hula and Szanto in 1895 (Wien. S. Ber. 132. ii. pp. 1 f.) and by G. Cousin in 1898 (B.C.H. xxii. pp. 380–402; 421–439).
The so-called ‘Sardanapalus’
Authors: Ashmole Bernard
Published: October 2013

The torso of this type published by Arndt in 1893 was found at Athens in the Theatre of Dionysos in 1865 and put into the magazine of the National Museum. In the register of the Acropolis Museum shortly after 1891 is entered the fragment of a bearded head, consisting of the front upper part to the lips, again found on the South Slope, which was placed in the Acropolis Museum magazine. To this in 1918 Dr. Keramopoullos joined the lower part of the beard, which had also been among the fragments there. At the end of 1920 I was fortunate enough to notice the connexion between the torso of the National Museum and the head of the Acropolis Museum. The touching surface leaves no doubt that they originally formed part of the same statue, and the combination (unrestored except for plaster in the irregular joins of head with beard and beard with body) appears to represent a straightforward copy of about the beginning of the first century B.C. (Pl. III.). That, though accurate in essentials, it was not highly finished, may be seen by examining the line where the hair leaves the side of the forehead, the ends of the curls on the chiton, and the summary, but confident, treatment of material both in chiton and himation: yet the work can at once be seen to be softer, fresher, and more valuable stylistically than the conventional herms of Naples, Palermo, and the Uffizi.
§ II.—The Campaign of 1921
Authors: Wace A. J. B.
Published: October 2013

The Greek Ministry of Public Instruction readily renewed our permit, and as usual gave us every facility they could. Mr. Theophaneides was specially sent to act as Government representative during the excavations, which were also visited by Dr. Keramopoullos, Ephor for Argolis, and after the close of the work Mr. Balanos came to inspect the walls and tholos tombs and consult with the Director about the measures necessary to repair and conserve them. Other visitors included Dr. Chatzidakis of Candia and Professor Kurt Mueller.

The actual excavation began on May 22nd, though Miss Lamb and Miss Herford arrived two days before and occupied themselves in arranging the workroom and other preparations. The number of men employed was at first twenty-five, and gradually rose to forty-seven, and then diminished again by degrees to six, when work ended on July 27th. The headquarters of the party were in the Metrovgenes house, which proved convenient and comfortable, while accommodation for the lady members was retained at the ‘Fair Helen Hotel.’
§ X.—The Cyclopean Terrace Building
Authors: Wace A. J. B.
Published: October 2013

In 1922 we had heard rumours of the existence of a Cyclopean building to the west of the Lion Tomb and on the north or reverse side of the ridge from the Tomb of Clytemnestra. We dug here for one day then and verified the presence of big walls. Accordingly, during our brief campaign in 1923, we could not resist the temptation to see what this building might be, as it lies well outside the acropolis and outside the Hellenistic wall of the lower town, and in an area where no Mycenaean ruins have yet been excavated.

The plan in Fig. 91 shews the extent of wall we were able to trace. On the west at the foot of the slope we found a very heavy wall built in Cyclopean style with large blocks of limestone. It is 2·70 m. thick, in places as much as 2 m. high, and runs along for a distance of 15 m., and may have extended still further northwards. A wall returns at right angles from this straight into the hillside, and divides the space behind it into two sections, which we have provisionally called the north and south chambers.
§ XI.—Hellenistic Mycenae
Authors: Boethius C. A.
Published: October 2013

Among the ruins of the Hellenistic buildings at the south end of the Great Ramp, in the fourth or southern chamber (Pl. I. 34), three fragments of a stele (now in the Nauplia Museum) were found. The stele is of a simple and common type, and is made of the same white limestone as the other Mycenaean stele found by Tsountas, which it closely resembles even in its weathering. Except for the top left-hand corner and a gap on the right side the whole stele is preserved. It is ·969 m. in height, ·41–·436 m. in breadth (·41 m. at the ninth line of the inscription) and ·11–·125 m. thick. At the top there is a plain frieze, ·065 m. high : ·02 m. below the frieze begins an inscription which fills twenty lines and ends ·50 m. above the bottom of the stele. The letters are ·008–·01 m. high. The space between the lines is ·009–·011 m. The surface of the stone is very much worn, and it was consequently difficult to make out the letters and their accurate forms. The sketch (Fig. 93) shows the arrangement of the text.
Report on Excavations at the Toumba and Tables of Vardaróftsa, Macedonia, 1925, 1926.
Authors: Heurtley W. A.
Published: October 2013

The Toumba and Tables of Vardaróftsa lie at the south end of a ridge that separates Lake Amátovo and the Vardár river (Fig. 1), some 35 kilometres N.W. of Salonika (Fig. 2). To south and east the ridge falls gently to the lower levels; more abruptly on the west to the river's edge. Northward, the ridge extends to where the Toumba of Várdino crowns its other extremity, looking down on the flats round Karasouli.

Between the Toumba of Vardaróftsa and the river, where now stand the village church and a few houses, rises the fine spring which no doubt attracted the original settlers to the site and assured its continuous occupation. A further reason for the selection of the site was perhaps the fact that the river is easily fordable at this point, and travellers passing from the Struma valley into Western Macedonia would make the crossing here. In Homeric times, when the Vardár formed the frontier of Priam's kingdom, the place must have had strategic importance, and in later times, when the successive settlements had raised the artificial mass high above the surrounding level, it must have offered a valuable strong-point from which the whole country-side could be commanded.
Some Note-Books of Sir William Gell—I
Authors: Woodward A. M. , Austin R. P.
Published: October 2013

A small group of note-books containing memoranda, itineraries, copies of inscriptions, and miscellaneous sketches by Sir William Gell was recently acquired by the British School at Athens, and it has seemed worth while to publish the following brief account of their contents, together with a rather fuller description of the two most important features which they present. These are (1) the copies which Gell made of numerous inscriptions, and (2) his own brief diary for the first part of his mission to Asia Minor on behalf of the Dilettanti Society in 1812—13.
On the Thermon Metopes
Authors: Payne H. G. G.
Published: October 2013

The principal series of metopes from Thermon has been familiar for so long that further discussion of them may seem unnecessary. I hope, however, that the following pages are justified by the collective result of the small observations which they contain, if not by any single one of these. There is little of a general nature to be said after Koch's excellent article in Ath. Mitt., 1914.

I. Chelidon and Aedon. (Antike Denkmäler, ii., Pl. L, 1 (Soteriades). Photographs of details, Ath. Mitt., 1914, Pls. XIII, XIV (Koch)).

In the first place, a word as to the technique, the surprising elaborateness of which calls for more close attention than it has hitherto received. An interesting point is that the contours of the female flesh are drawn in bright red, the same as is used for the inscription, and for many details of dress. This use of red outlines for female flesh occurs, though not commonly, on Corinthian vases—on hydriae in the Louvre (E. 695) and in Dresden, where the faces and bodies of the sirens under the side handles are outlined in this way. It is found also in Attic vase painting—in two Sophilos fragments and in the fragment of similar style, from the Acropolis, with Pandrosos and Poseidon. The Corinthianising character of these has long been recognised, and the usage seems to be a subtlety which vase painters occasionally borrowed from the free painting of the time. On the other hand, male flesh in all the metopes is consistently outlined with black; the reason for the distinction is not easy to see, but it is possible that the artist was in search of equivalents for rendering the colours proper to the sexes—brown outlined with black for the male being used to balance white outlined with red for the female. In any case, the distinction was carefully maintained and was evidently felt to be significant.
Excavations at Sparta, 1926: § 1.—Introductory
Authors: Woodward A. M.
Published: October 2013

A Short account of the campaign of 1926 at Sparta has already appeared in the Annual Report of the British School for the Session 1925–26, and consequently need not be repeated here. Work started on April 7th and lasted until June 5th, the Director being in charge throughout, except for a brief visit to Athens to attend the opening ceremony of the Gennadios Library on April 23rd. He had as helpers Mrs. Woodward, Mr. P. De Jong and Mr. G. A. D. Tait, who were present for the whole campaign; and, for shorter periods, Mr. H. Box, who stayed from the start to April 18th, and returned for the last three weeks of the work, Mr. W. L. Cuttle, Miss K. Chrimes, of the British School at Rome, and Miss E. Tankard, who again came to draw our finds of small objects.

The Hellenic Government was ably represented by Dr. Th. Karachalios, Ephor of Laconia and Messenia, and the Archaeological Section of the Ministry of Religion and Education again kindly allowed us to employ as foreman Georgios Alexopoulos, Phylax at Mycenae, who performed his duties with his customary zeal and competence. Our total number of workmen averaged nearly fifty, though for a time we had as many as sixty, and we were fortunate in losing very little time through bad weather.
Excavations at Sparta, 1926: §2.—The Theatre
Authors: Woodward A. M.
Published: October 2013

The main results of the work in 1926 may be summarised as follows: (1) The completion of the uncovering of the stage-buildings, and the location of the street running east and west behind them. (2) The excavation of the area east of the stage, down to its marble pavement, by uncovering a wide strip, extending from the east wall of the stage to the foot of the external staircase described in my last report (B.S.A. xxvi. p. 132). (3) The clearance of a strip along the west Parodos as far as the east face of the projecting bastion, which we assumed to have carried a staircase similar to that in front of the east retaining-wall; and the partial clearance of the outer south-west angle of the western retaining-wall. As we shall see, the data obtained here now prove that there cannot have been such an external stair on the west.

Minor pieces of work included the examination at several points of the wall surrounding the back of the cavea, and trials in the cavea for the purpose of obtaining more exact details as to the construction of the diazoma. The latter were unavailing, as both our pits shewed that, as a result of later disturbance, even the foundations of the diazoma were much destroyed.
Excavations at Sparta, 1927: § 2.—The Theatre
Authors: Woodward A. M.
Published: October 2013

My arrangement follows, as far as possible, that of the reports in Vols. xxvi and xxvii.

A laborious but remunerative piece of work which occupied two gangs of specially picked men for three weeks consisted in making a further cutting into the deep deposit which overlies the edge of the Orchestra and the front seats, north-westwards from the limit of the previous excavation in the east of the cavea. This involved the removal of some Byzantine house-walls, at a level of about two metres above the Orchestra, into which portions large and small of theatre-seats had been built; the other marble blocks found here were unimportant. As the work progressed we again found that the deposit for a depth of ca. 1·80 m. above the original Orchestra-level consisted of the silt-like material washed down from the slopes above, in which there were practically no small objects found. Deep down in it were a few architectural marbles, including two large fragments of Doric columns of poorish workmanship, suggesting the Imperial era (lower diameter ·60 m.). There was no sculpture except a broken herm, also of poor and late style, with a socket for the insertion of the head, and cuttings at the sides indicating use as a balustrade-post.
Excavations at Sparta, 1927: § 4.—The Native Pottery from the Acropolis
Authors: Droop J. P.
Published: October 2013

At the Director's invitation I was at Sparta for the two months' campaign of 1927, and had the opportunity of studying the pottery found on the Acropolis hill in the four seasons of 1924–27, a deposit that doubtless consisted of offerings to the shrine of Athena Chalkioikos.

The fact that the deposit was not a natural growth but an imported filling (B.S.A. xxvi. p. 252) precluded any observable stratification. Thus there was no hope of obtaining a check on the views as to the development and dating of the Sparta pottery that were based twenty years ago on the stratification found at the shrine of Artemis Orthia. The most that could be hoped for was further light on the details of the style at the various periods.
Excavations at Sparta, 1927: § 6.—Notes on some Bronzes from the Orthia Site
Authors: Lamb W.
Published: October 2013

The bronzes from the Orthia site are both individually and collectively of sufficient interest to bèar frequent discussion, and additional notes on some of the more important items cannot come amiss. Their appearance here facilitates direct comparison with the series from the Acropolis: this is particularly useful when applied to bronzes which, like Acropolis Nos. 4 and 6, and Orthia Nos. 13–16, are presumed to be of Spartan manufacture; it is also illuminating in the case of minor objects, some of which, like the votive fruits and the miniature vases, are common to both sites, while others, like the Geometric animals, are associated with one site only.
Excavations at Sparta, 1924—28: § 1.—Introductory
Authors: Woodward A. M.
Published: October 2013

As was stated in the Annual Report for the Session 1927–28, the excavations at Sparta in 1928 were on quite a small scale, lasting only three weeks, and were restricted to the following pieces of work :—at the Theatre we cleared up some fallen material, undertook some necessary conservation and tested a few points for the purpose of the plan; and at the Orthia Sanctuary we tidied up some fallen rubble-masonry, during which process we uncovered a small portion of the early votive deposit underlying the foundations of the Roman amphitheatre to the south of the limits reached in the excavations of 1906–10. Apart from the discovery of another columnar statue-base of a βωμονίκης, which I have since published elsewhere, the finds from the site need not be further discussed.
Excavations at Sparta, 1924—28: § 3.—Terracottas, Plastic Vases, Reliefs
Authors: Woodward J. M.
Published: October 2013

The terracottas described below are limited to the moulded archaic and the hand-made of all periods; the later moulded ones are fragmentary and have no special local significance. Several of the heads are not, strictly speaking, terracottas, having been attached to vases, but they are included here as they are so much a part of the subject.

The clay, as it varies a good deal, has been described in some detail, for though most of it is local, the varieties may throw some light on the problems of the different styles. Where the quality of the clay is not specially noticed, it is the hard, pink-buff kind that is most common at Sparta.
Early Greek Vases from Knossos
Authors: Payne H. G. G.
Published: October 2013

The vases to be discussed in this paper come from two separate excavations at Knossos: the greater number from two tombs excavated by Sir Arthur Evans in 1907, the rest from one of several tombs which I excavated three years ago. The three tombs in question lie a little less than a mile to the north of the Palace, at the foot of the western slope of the hill known as Zafer Papoura (cf. Fig. 1); they are cut into a low bank, immediately to the right of the footpath as one goes from Makry Teichos to Isopata, and are marked in Fig. 1 by a black bar. A glance at the map will shew that this group of tombs is in the same straight line as the group which was excavated by Hogarth in 1899. Hogarth's tombs are at the foot of a rather higher bank which is obviously part of the same formation. There is, however, a break between the two banks, and as the greater part of it is covered by a vineyard it is impossible to tell precisely how closely the two groups of tombs are connected. But even if there is an empty space between them, it is certain the history of the two groups of tombs is the same.
II. Further Objects from the Cave of Trapeza
Authors: Pendlebury J. D. S.
Published: October 2013

The following objects, all said to be from the Cave of Trapeza or immediately outside, were recovered from the peasants in 1937 and 1938.

1. (Fig. 1a). Pedestalled cup in mottled limestone. This joins one of the fragments numbered 16 in the catalogue. Height 4·4 cms., diameter 5·3 cms.; cf. a finer example from Mokhlos, Tomb XXI, No. 7. Probably EM II but, owing to its coarser shape might be EM III.

2. (Fig. 1a). Small lid in brown steatite pierced for strings to tie it on to a vase. Height 1·0 cm., greatest diameter 2·9 cms. Cf. caps of clay vases EM I, e.g., from Agios Onouphrios (P of M I Fig. 23). EM II.
A Sixth-Century Poros Inscription from Attica
Authors: Jeffery L. H.
Published: October 2013

The following inscription was found in June 1939 outside the stable of a farmhouse which is situated in a field by two water-mills, on the east side of the main road about half-way between Anavyssos and Phoinike, in the ancient deme of Anaphlystos in the south-west district of Attika. The stone is used for a seat, and lies by the stable door, with the wider inscribed face turned to the ground, the narrower to the wall, and the top covered with a cushion of sacking. It is a rectangular poros block, comparatively smoothly dressed, and inscribed on two adjacent faces (pl. 29c), the narrower of which (pl. 29a) is here referred to as A, the wider (pl. 29b) as B. There are no visible traces of any letters on the two corresponding faces, which are dressed in the same way. The two smallest, or end, faces are more roughly shaped and dressed. The stone is much pitted by the weather, and all the edges are worn smooth.
Notes on some Sculptures in the Acropolis Museum
Authors: Karouzos C.
Published: October 2013

Payne's work on the Acropolis has given us a new picture of early Attic sculpture—a fresh and dewy garland, one of the finest flowers of which is his revelation of the personality of a supreme artist, the creator of the peplos Kore 679, the Rampin rider, the head 654 (Payne, Archaic Marble Sculpture from the Acropolis, pls. 11, 11a–c, 29–33, 133) and—πρὸς δὲ τόδε μέγα θαῦμα: the finest of all archaic Attic reliefs, the diskophoros Nat. Mus. 38. This last work is not included in Payne's list: and so, convinced though I am that the mere mention of this attribution is sufficient to establish it, I am bound to offer arguments in its support.

Let us compare it with the work which stands chronologically closest to it, the head 654. We must keep in mind that, at that period, a relief was not simply a projection on the slab of the side view of the body, but a free composition of the side and front view. We must therefore compare all the aspects of the head 654 in turn with the diskophoros.
Recent Restoration and Preservation of the Monuments of the Knights in Rhodes
Authors: Kondis I. D.
Published: October 2013

Even before Greece took over the administration of the Dodecanese, the Ministry of Education in Athens had sent the Director of the Monuments Restoration Service, Professor A. Orlandos of Athens University, to examine the state of the antiquities of the islands. It was thus possible for the local Archaeological Service, soon after the Greek Military Administration was installed in 1947, to start at once repairing the grave damage caused to the ancient monuments of Rhodes during the war. The main damage has been described in the official English publication Works of Art in Greece, the Greek Islands and the Dodecanese (London 1946), issued by the British Committee on the Preservation and Restoration of Works of Art, Archives and other Material in Enemy Hands, as also in the supplement to the above Report by T. W. French in the Annual of the British School at Athens XLIII (1948), 193 ff.
Excavations at Stavros, Ithaca, in 1937
Authors: Waterhouse Helen
Published: October 2013

For three weeks of May–June 1937 excavations of limited extent were conducted at Stavros in northern Ithaca. The main site was a small area immediately below the village square to the south-west, where chance finds by the proprietor of the land, followed in 1936 by a trial excavation, had revealed the presence of Greek graves and a Bronze Age deposit.

Stavros lies on a narrow ridge commanding the bays of Phrikes to the east and Polis to the west. Along this ridge must at all times have run the route from the south of the island to Pelikata and the fertile valley of Kalamos. Below the ridge, to the south west, there is a good water-supply at Asprosykia, where late Helladic sherds are recorded. The existence of large dressed blocks lower down the slope at the head of the valley, and of other blocks and rock-cuttings farther westwards, towards Polis Bay, suggests that a not inconsiderable town stood here in classical times.
A Sherd from Pelikata, Ithaka
Authors: Heurtley W. A.
Published: October 2013

The claim put forward as an opinion (BSA XLIV (1949), 307) and as a fact (ibid. 309, fig. 1, 4) that an ‘Early Helladic Patterned’ sherd from Pelikáta is really ‘East Greek’ should be accepted only with considerable reserve.

The condition of the sherd is such as to make positive identification either as one or the other impossible, but the context leaves little room for doubt that it is another Early Helladic Patterned sherd of which five other examples were found in the same layer associated with an E.H. pithos burial. The pattern is familiar from other Early Helladic sites, and if no precise analogy for the shape has so far been recorded, this can hardly be considered a serious objection, unless we are to suppose that all Early Helladic shapes are already known.
Part I. Preliminary Report on the Excavations of 1953
Authors: Wace A. J. B.
Published: October 2013

The British excavations at Mycenae in 1953 were continued with a research grant from the American Philosophical Society assisted by contributions from the Universities of Cambridge and Oxford, the British Academy, Bollingen Foundation, and the British School at Athens, under whose aegis the excavations were conducted. The Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton has provided an ideal base for preparing the material for publication.

The excavations began on July 8th, and work ceased on August 24th. On August 25th the bulk of the finds was moved to the Nauplia Museum and stored in the room reserved for the finds from Mycenae. The finds from 1952 are already in this room. We improved its facilities this year by the erection of some wooden shelving. The days from August 26th to August 30th were spent at Nauplia in studying and arranging the finds and in photography. The carved ivories, the tablet and seal impressions have been taken to Athens, but the stone vases were taken to the Nauplia Museum with the pottery.
A Mycenaean Chalice and a Vase Painter
Authors: Karageorghis V.
Published: October 2013

The vase which is discussed below was brought to the British Museum for identification by the late Mrs. Maitland Sikes in 1951, together with other vases of Cypriote manufacture, and eventually it has been placed on loan in the Museum. Its provenance is unknown, but its Cypriote companions and the nature of its form and decoration, as it will be discussed below, speak in favour of Cyprus.

(Plate 8a.) Fabric: buff-pinkish clay, good quality ‘Mycenaean’. Surface covered with a smooth buff-pinkish slip; decoration in brown to dark brown lustrous paint.

Shape: deep bowl, slightly concave sides, carinated profile; long cylindrical stem, disk-shaped foot with deep depression at bottom. Almost half of the cup and part of the foot are missing and have been restored in plaster.

Diam.: 10·2 cm.; height: 24·5 cm.

The inside of the cup is left blank except for a painted horizontal band just below the rim. The outside surface is decorated with horizontal bands encircling the cup, stem, and foot; thin horizontal lines encircle the lower half of the cup. The upper half is decorated with a frieze of identically repeated bull protomes, looking right. Three protomes survive and the horns of a fourth, but originally there must have been six. The space between them is filled with dotted circles.
New Fragments of Linear B Tablets From Knossos
Authors: Chadwick John
Published: October 2013

In the course of his work at Knossos Sir Arthur Evans set aside a number of tablets, which remained there after the main collection had been removed to the Museum in Iraklion for safe keeping. Some of the fragments retained by Evans were rediscovered in the Villa Ariadne soon after the Second World War by Dr. N. Boufidis of the National Museum in Athens; drawings of them were sent by him to Sir John Myres, who published the texts for the first time in Scripta Minoa ii, where they are distinguished by the prefix ‘M’.

Other fragments of tablets which had remained at Knossos were discovered there by Dr. N. Platon in 1956, when he was working in the Stratigraphic Museum. One, published here as X 8101, has already been correctly transcribed in Scripta Minoa II and in The Knossos Tablets, in which publications it is numbered 04–94. A second fragment (S 8100), published here for the first time, belongs to the category of armour. The boxes in which the two tablets were found had ‘Little Palace’ labels on them, but unfortunately they are not a sure guide to the original provenience of the tablets themselves, which appear to have been stored without the exact knowledge of Evans. A third tablet (Og8102) was found about the same time in the neighbourhood of the pine-trees to the north-west of the Palace. All three pieces were brought to our attention by Dr. Platon, to whom we are most grateful for the suggestion that we should publish them. The photographs are the work of Mr. Androulakis of Iraklion, to whom we are indebted for his assistance.
Τὸ Δέμα: A Survey of the Aigaleos–Parnes Wall
Authors: Jones J. E. , Sackett L. H. , Eliot C. W. J.
Published: October 2013

The wall surveyed in this article is a continuous defensive fieldwork in north-western Attica, situated some six miles from Athens; it closes a prominent gap in the mountain-ring around the city, linking the ranges of Aigaleos to the south and Parnes to the north (Fig. 1). The local name for this wall, Τὸ Δέμα ‘The Link’, is both apt and specific and is being used in this article; in the past the wall has sometimes been referred to as the Aigaleos–Parnes wall and sometimes also as the Ano-Liosia wall from its relation to the nearest modern village.

The lack of a detailed survey of the Dema, combined with a complete absence of literary references in ancient authors, has compelled earlier writers to base their theories largely on grounds of historical probability. The divergences in their conclusions are not surprising, and clearly demonstrate the need for detailed information about the remains. We have accordingly made a field survey of the Dema and offer a full description of the wall in the belief that this will lead to a truer interpretation of its function and also its date.
Part IV. Prehistoric Cemetery: A Deposit of L.H. III Pottery
Authors: Wace A. J. B.
Published: October 2013

In 1939, following up the suggestion of Tsountas that Schliemann's Grave Circle with the tombs found under the houses round it had once formed part of a Prehistoric Cemetery which had been, so to speak, cut in two when the Lion Gate and Cyclopean Citadel Wall were built, we excavated an area north-west of the Lion Gate outside the walls in the hope of finding tombs belonging to the Cemetery. We were not disappointed and we found fifteen tombs ranging in date from Middle Helladic to Late Helladic II. A report of this discovery with an account of the tombs has already been published.

In 1950 one of the objects of our excavation was to extend the exploration outside the Cyclopean walls of this area, now known as the Prehistoric Cemetery. The south-west corner of the area already excavated had proved to be rich in M.H. tombs (Graves XI, XIII–XV). We decided, therefore, to clear the immediately adjoining section to the south-east, where we hoped to find other graves of the Cemetery. The excavation was entrusted to Miss D. H. F. Gray, and her notebook has been freely drawn upon in the preparation of this report.

The part excavated divides naturally, as will be seen by the plan (Fig. 2), into a northern and a southern division which are separated by an east–west cross–wall (A–A on the plan). This wall is the eastern continuation of a wall found in the south-western area in 1939 just to the south of Grave XIII. Immediately to the east of Grave XIII the wall is crossed by a north–south wall, B–B, at a higher level. This later wall seems almost certainly Hellenistic, for it belongs to the uppermost strata of the area which contained Hellenistic tiles, loom weights, and pottery. It runs northwards for about 2·50 m. to 3·00 m. and then returns at a right angle eastwards, C–C, forming the southern boundary of the area excavated in 1939. The return at its east end runs into another, rather irregular north–south Hellenistic wall, D–D, which we took as the limit of our excavations in this direction.
A Geometric well at Knossos
Authors: Coldstream J. N.
Published: October 2013

The neighbourhood of the Vlychia stream, a little distance to the south-west of the Palace of Minos, has already been noted as an area of settlement in Geometric times. This is now further confirmed by the discovery of a well at about 50 metres north of the stream slightly to the west of the main road to Heraklion; with the exception of a small quantity of stray Middle and Late Minoan sherds in the first 2 metres, the finds ranged from Protogeometric to Early Orientalizing.

The diameter of the well was 0·90 m. At a depth of 1·4 m. began a deposit of Geometric pottery which continued in large quantities down to the sixth metre, mixed with animal bones, pebbles, large stones, brown clayey earth, and a little charcoal. Farther down pottery became rarer and consisted mostly of large coarse wares, while the earth became looser. Between 9 and 10 metres fine pottery virtually ceased, except for small pieces of black cups as 60 and 61 below: much of the space was taken up by the sherds of one enormous coarse basin. Since no fragments of its bottom were found, we may conjecture that it was used as a well-head which either collapsed or was destroyed owing to the drying up of the well. Hence all pottery above the ninth metre is a rubbish fill, which will henceforth be referred to as the Upper Deposit.
Delphica
Authors: Pollard John
Published: October 2013

One of the most arresting natural features at Delphi is the great rock pulpit which projects between the ruins of the Bouleuterion and the terrace walls supporting Apollo's temple (Plate 51b). It is rent on its southern side by a large fissure up which was hewn a flight of still discernible steps. The area in which it stands is of more than ordinary interest, as being identifiable with τὸ τᾶς Γᾶς ἱερρόν mentioned in a Delphic inscription dating from the fourth century B.C. On the rock itself the Sibyl, variously identified, was said to have sat (or stood) and prophesied. Yet most modern Delphic historians, while devoting much space to the Pythia, and to the obscure details of the oracle's mechanism, either have tended to ignore the Sibyl altogether, or have dismissed her from serious consideration with a few brief words as an unimportant late-comer. Some indeed have come near to identifying her with the Pythia. One actually did.
Byzantine Scyphate Bronze coinage in Greece
Authors: Metcalf D. M.
Published: October 2013

The Byzantine coinage in the twelfth century was of three kinds. There were gold nomismata, with a purchasing power which must have been a good deal greater than that of a present-day five-pound note, and also nomismata of ‘pale gold’—gold alloyed with silver—of lower value; at the other extreme there were bronze coins, smaller than a modern farthing, which were the coinage of the market-place; intermediate, but still of low value, there were coins about the size of a halfpenny, normally made of copper lightly washed with silver. The silvered bronze and the gold were not flat, as are most coins, but saucer-shaped. The reason for their unusual form is not known. Numismatists describe them as scyphate, and refer to the middle denomination in the later Byzantine system of coinage as Scyphate Bronze, to distinguish it from the petty bronze coinage. Scyphate Bronze was first struck under Alexius I (1081–1118). Substantive issues were made by John II (1118–43), and such coinage became extremely plentiful under Manuel I (1143–80) and his successors Isaac II (1185–95) and Alexius III (1195–1203). After the capture of Constantinople in the course of the Fourth Crusade, the successor-states to the Byzantine Empire at Nicaea, Salonica, and in Epirus continued to issue scyphate bronze coinage, although in much smaller quantities, until after the middle of the thirteenth century.
Artemis Orthia and chronology
Authors: Boardman John
Published: October 2013

The British School's work in the sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta was in its day generally hailed as a classic example of carefully observed stratigraphic excavation in Greece. Equally general has been the reluctance of scholars to accept the dates which were proposed by the excavators for their finds on the basis of their observations on stratigraphy and pottery contexts. In this the excavators were at fault in their choice of absolute dates for the main periods; and, equally, critics have been at fault in failing to adjust their dating. Kunze pointed out the major inconsistencies and the results of accepting some of the excavators' dates in his review of Artemis Orthia (published in 1929 by the Hellenic Society) in Gnomon ix (1933) 1–14. In their answer to another review the excavators gave an excellent account of their method and of the use and abuse of stratigraphy (JHS 1 (1930) 329–36). By reconsidering the absolute dates they proposed I think it is possible to recover much of the value of the observations they made about the stratigraphy and the relative chronology of the finds, and to make some new suggestions about the history of the site and dating of some Laconian objects.

The main feature in the stratigraphy of the sanctuary was a blanket of sand which covered the whole area, and which, according to the excavators, sealed deposits earlier than about 600 B.C. Beneath the sand there was a succession of deposits down to virgin soil, which clearly represented a gradual, although by no means even, accumulation of earth and discarded votives. The only significant physical difference in levels which could be observed was offered by the presence of a pebble pavement which was associated with remains of the earliest altar on the site. This pavement, preserved only in small patches, was embedded in the main ‘Geometric’ level, as it was defined by the excavators. This contained much burnt material. The pavement was assigned to the ninth century.