bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validity of a 2-item screen to identify families at risk for food insecurity in Brazil
Authors: Poblacion Ana , Segall-Correa Ana Maria , Cook John , Taddei Jose Augusto AC
Published: April 2021

This manuscript aimed to develop a brief 2-item screening tool to identify Brazilian households that include families with children at risk for food insecurity. Psychometric analyses including sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, accuracy, and ROC curves were used to test combinations of questions to determine the most effective screener to assess households at risk for food insecurity when compared to a gold standard scale. Participants included National Demographic Health Survey on Women and Children (PNDS-2006) surveyed households with a valid Brazilian Household Food Insecurity Measurement Scale (EBIA) response. The sample included 3,920 households representing 11,779,686 households when expanded using PNDS sample weights. With overall prevalence of food insecurity at 21%, a Brazilian 2-item food-insecurity screen showed sensitivity of 79.31%, specificity of 92.95%, positive predictive value of 74.62%, negative predictive value of 94.50% and ROC area 86.13%. This screen also presented high convergent validity for children’s nutrition and health variables when compared with the gold standard, the EBIA full scale. Based on its ability to detect households at risk for food insecurity, a 2-item screening tool is recommended for widespread adoption as a screening measure throughout Brazil, especially when rapid decision-making has been made fundamental, as under the COVID-19 pandemic. This screener can enable providers to accurately identify families at risk for food insecurity and promptly intervene to prevent or ameliorate adverse health and developmental consequences associated with food insecurity and swiftly respond to crises.
Urban Forest Fragments as a Living Laboratory for Teaching Botany: An Example from Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
Authors: Dávila Nállarett , Moura Edweslley , Versieux Leonardo M. , Carvalho Fernanda Antunes , Calvente Alice
Published: April 2021

Abstract—“Plant blindness” is affecting humans’ relationships with plants, which has negative consequences for both science and conservation. It is, therefore, important to find new ways to promote societal interest in botany and plants. One possibility
is encouraging the use of informal settings to promote curiosity and provide education to students. Forest fragments can be regarded as open air labs for teaching botany, especially on university campuses. We aimed to formally document the angiosperm diversity in the Mata dos Saguis (MS),
a fragment of Atlantic forest under restoration belonging to the central campus of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Brazil. We recorded 140 species, 113 genera in 52 families, and 24 orders of angiosperms. The MS has nearly 10% of the species and one third of all the families
occurring in the entire state of Rio Grande do Norte, representing the main evolutionary groups of angiosperms, and we also recorded two new species occurrences for the state. Here we provide a checklist of the MS, a location that has been used as an open-air laboratory by many UFRN undergraduate
courses in biosciences. We also share examples that can be replicated in other institutions and discuss the process of learning systematic botany in floristically rich countries by means of alternative and hands-on experiences.
Phylogeny and Systematics of Crescentieae (Bignoniaceae), a Neotropical Clade of Cauliflorous and Bat-Pollinated Trees
Authors: Ragsac Audrey C. , Grose Susan O. , Olmstead Richard G.
Published: April 2021

Abstract—The tribe Crescentieae includesAmphitecna(21 species),Crescentia(six species), andParmentiera(10 species), three genera of understory trees with a center of diversity in Central America and a small number of species in the Antilles and northern South America. Species in Crescentieae are united by their fleshy, indehiscent fruit and cauliflorous, bat-pollinated flowers. To lay a foundation for examining morphological, ecological, and biogeographic patterns within the tribe, we inferred the phylogeny for Crescentieae using both chloroplast (ndhF,trnL-F) and nuclear markers (PepC, ITS). The most recent circumscription of Crescentieae, containingAmphitecna,Crescentia, andParmentierais supported by our phylogenetic results. Likewise, the sister relationship between Crescentieae and the Antillean-endemicSpirotecomais also corroborated by our findings. This relationship implies the evolution of fleshy and indehiscent fruits from dry and dehiscent ones, as well as the evolution of bat pollination from insect pollination. Fruits and seeds from species in Crescentieae are consumed by humans, ungulates, birds, and fish.
Biogeography of ITS Variation in the Helenium autumnale (Asteraceae) Species Complex
Authors: Williams Skip , Bezold Kelly , Knox John S. , Simurda Maryanne C.
Published: April 2021

Abstract—We used ITS sequences as species barcodes to evaluate 127 samples of 12 Helenium species from the eastern and central USA, focusing on a species complex of H. autumnale (76 sequences from 11 U.S. states and two Canadian provinces), the federally
“threatened” H. virginicum, now recommended for delisting (30 sequences from three U.S. states), and H. flexuosum (11 sequences from four U.S. states). ITS sequences confirmed most species identifications and supported the presence of the first population of the “threatened”
endemic Missouri-Virginia disjunct, Helenium virginicum, in Indiana. Because the Indiana plants grow in a restored wetland, have a cpDNA haplotype previously known only from Missouri, with a morphology similar to Missouri variants, and an herbarium search for additional populations
in Indiana found none, it is unclear whether the Indiana population is natural or planted. The presence of a putative sister lineage to H. virginicum thought to exist on the Bruce Peninsula, Ontario, Canada, was not supported after sequencing 36 plants with the sister morphology that
grew there along 18 km of beach fens and finding they had H. autumnale sequences. Fine-scale biogeographic patterns of intraspecific sequence variation were found mostly in H. autumnale, with centers of different base site polymorphisms found in northern North America and the
Missouri Ozarks. As in a previous study, we found DNA evidence of hybridization between Helenium species in Missouri. We offer hypotheses to explain the biogeography of North American Helenium, focusing on the three species that compose the H. autumnale species complex
and suggesting that H. autumnale may be a compilospecies showing incomplete lineage sorting. We encourage exploration of more Helenium species and their conspecific populations in search of fine-scale ITS base site polymorphisms to reveal emerging lineages and resolve the origins
and evolutionary implications of these biogeographic patterns.
Rhododendron smokianum, a New Species from the Great Smoky Mountains
Authors: Albach Dirk C. , Bauer Ralf
Published: April 2021

Abstract—Species delimitation in Rhododendron subsect. Caroliniana (Ericaceae) has been disputed in the past with one or three species accepted. Here we report a fourth species, R. smokianum, a narrow endemic from the Great Smoky Mountains
(Tennessee/North Carolina, USA). It is characterized by short-tubed corollas and small, compact growth. We support our conclusion by phylogenetic analyses of ITS and plastid trnL-F sequence data. The new species is a specialist of open mafic rock slopes and maintains morphological and
phenological differences to the related species even in cultivation.
The effects of supplementary plyometric training on the development of selected motor skills of young football players from Akademia Raków Częstochowa football club
Authors: Szymanek-Pilarczyk Marta
Published: April 2021

Contemporary football requires from players a high level of fitness and efficiency on the pitch. Match statistics display an increased number of short-term movements of high intensity. Due to the changes in the nature of this sports discipline, optimal proportions of shaping motor parameters in football training are sought for.The aim of the research was to learn how plyometric training influences better results in long jump and decreased sprint time for the distance of 5m in a selected group of young players from Akademia Raków Częstochowa football club.24 football players from Akademia Raków Częstochowa football club, aged 16–18, were subject of the research.After using plyometric training, there were statistically relevant better results obtained, both in long jump (p < 0.001) and in a 5m sprint (p < 0.001). One could also notice negative correlation between the jump length and 5m sprint time. The obtained result was statistically relevant (p < 0.001).The use of a selected set of plyometric exercises in supplementary football training in Akademia Raków Częstochowa football club led to better results in long jump without a run-up and shortened 5 m distance sprint time. The results were observed already after 8 weeks of training.
Tri-Co LIASE: Cross- and Intra-Institutional Collaboration to Build and Sustain Student-Focused Embedded Study in Asia
Authors: Kong Haili , Bain Sharon , Johnson Tania , Foreman David , Eldridge David
Published: April 2021

In this paper, Swarthmore College and Bryn Mawr College faculty and administrators share reflections on the Luce Initiative on Asian Studies and the Environment (LIASE) grants from the Henry Luce Foundation for the enhancement of curriculum on Asia and the environment and the cultivation of collaborations between US and Asian institutions. Supported by LIASE exploration grants in 2013 and a LIASE implementation grant awarded to the Tri-College Consortium of Bryn Mawr, Haverford, and Swarthmore Colleges in 2015, curricular innovations included the creation of courses with travel components and the introduction of topics on Asia and the environment across disciplines. Topics of discussion include fostering curricular innovation and interdisciplinarity across academic divisions; building effective and sustainable collaborations with local institutions in Asia; forging strategic partnerships with administrators in grants, advancement, and finance; leveraging institutional relationships to secure funding to pilot and sustain initiatives; and the importance of reciprocity in building long-term, cross-cultural exchanges.
TRENDS IN CHANGES IN INTERGENERATIONAL RELATIONS
Authors:   Kyrgyz State National University named after J. Balasagyn, Zhumataeva Asylgul
Published: April 2021

This article examined the development trends of intergenerational relations. The features of intergenerational relations in Kyrgyz society, factors affecting the origin of positive andnegative trends in these relations are also shown. Being a multidimensional phenomenon of public life, intergenerational relations inevitably become subject to the influence of numerous factors of political, economic, spiritual and sociocultural development of society. In this regard, in order to understand the underlying causes of the formation of intergenerational relations in a particular society in a particular era, a detailed examination of these features from the perspective of interaction of representatives of different ages is necessary.
Effect of Adding Guava (Psidium guajava) Epicarp Extract Flour on the Physicochemical, Textural, Colour and Sensory Properties of Frankfurters
Authors: Velasco-Arango Viviana Andrea , Hleap-Zapata José Igor , Ordóñez-Santos Luis Eduardo
Published: April 2021

Research background. The industrial transformation of tropical fruits, and in particular guava, generates a large quantity of by-products that are generally disposed of as organic waste. In these by-products a large quantity of bioactive substances is concentrated, such as carotenoids, which can be used for the partial substitution of nitrites in meat sausages without affecting their physicochemical, colour and conservation characteristics. Although there are some studies in this regard, there is still a lack of research, especially on guava residues, to verify this hypothesis. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the influence of the components of the guava epicarp extract on the physicochemical, textural, colour and sensory properties of frankfurters.

Experimental approach. Three treatments were investigated (25, 50 and 75 % nitrite replacement with guava epicarp flour extract), along with a control treatment without the extract. The physicochemical properties, colour coordinates, and texture parameters were analysed, and a sensory evaluation was also carried out. The treatment that presented the best results was subjected to a stability analysis over 30 days.

Results and conclusions. The addition of 25 % guava epicarp flour extract gave the best results, since it did not affect the colouration of the sausages or their physicochemical and textural properties. Likewise, during the stability analysis over time, the parameters related to fat oxidation were not affected, and final products had a residual nitrite load of (23.6±0.2) mg/kg, lower than the maximum allowed (150 mg/kg).

Novelty and scientific contribution. The partial substitution of the nitrites in frankfurters with the carotenoids from the guava epicarp flour added in a mass fraction up to 25 % can be a viable alternative to produce sausages with lower content of nitrites, without affecting their colouration or shelf life. This is important for the meat industry, which favours the development of new products using substances of natural origin.
Drveće i životinje u religijama
Authors: Cvitković Ivan
Published: April 2021

Ovim radom želimo potaći istraživanja o ulozi drveća i cvijeća u religijama i religijskim tradicijama, te uloge životinja i ptica u religijskim tradicijama. U pripremi rada koristili smo se analizom sadržaja, ponajprije „svetih spisa“ (Bhagavad-gite, Biblije, Kur'ana i Talmuda). U uvodu ukazujemo na bavljenje prirodom religija davno prije nastanka ekoloških pokreta. Dovelo je to, u novije vrijeme, i do razvoja zasebne teološke discipline – ekološke teologije. Ni sociologija religije nije mogla izbjeći tematiku odnosa religije – priroda. Prvi dio rada odnosi se na temu koju ćemo rijetko naći u sociologiji religije ili u religiologiji – o drveću i cvijeću u religijama i religijskim tradicijama. Pokušali smo „proći“ kroz povijest religijskih tradicija i naučavanja (od „starih“ religija, hinduizma, šintoizma, budizma, taoizma do židovstva, kršćanstva i islama) kako bismo ukazali na značaj drveća i cvijeća u religijskom životu čovjeka (drvo kao totem, uloga planina u religijskim tradicijama, drvo u obrednoj praksi…). Rečeno je i ponešto pojedinačno o drveću koje se najčešće spominje u mitologijama i religijskim tradicijama (badem, bagrem, hrast, jabuka, lipa, loza, maslina, palma, nar, smokva…). Kakva je uloga cvijeća u religijama i religijskim tradicijama (osobito u obrednoj praksi)? Izdvojili smo ono cvijeće koje najčešće spominju i pismeno analiziraju religijski autoriteti (ciklama, iris, lotos, ljiljan, ruža). Jednako nam je zanimljivo bilo istraživati ulogu životinja i ptica u religijama i religijskim tradicijama. Još smo jednom analizirali kako se na njihovu ulogu gleda iz različitih religijskih perspektiva – od hinduizma, do židovstva, kršćanstva i islama. Osobito nas je zanimala uloga životinja u žrtvenim obredima unutar različitih religijskih tradicija; tradicija proricanja na osnovu dijela tijela neke životinje; izbjegavanje konzumiranja mesa zbog religijske tradicije, itd. Naveli smo i kratak osvrt na to kakvu simboliku pojedine životinje imaju u religijskim tradicijama (bik, deva, jarac, jelen, konj, kornjača, koza, krava, lav, lisica, mačka, magarac, ovca…). I ptice igraju određenu ulogu u religijskim tradicijama. Zanimalo nas je kakva je simbolika ptica u pojedinim religijskim tradicijama (feniks, golub, grlica, labud, orao, pijetao, roda, sova…). Zaključak je da drveće, cvijeće, životinje i ptice imaju svoju ulogu u religijama i religijskim tradicijama. Osobito njihova uloga dolazi do izražaja u religijskim obredima, najčešće kao obredno sredstvo.
Prepare bovine coronavirus (BCoV) solution v3
Authors: Roguet Adélaïde , Feng Shuchen
Published: April 2021

Prepare bovine coronavirus (BCoV) solution from vaccine
Prevalence Of Refractive Errors In School Going Children In Rural And Urban Areas -A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors:   M.S, Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, NRI Academy of Medical Science, Chinakakani, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522503, India, Triveni Dr. Chimata , Divya Dr. Tirumuru ,   M.S, Assistant Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, NRI Academy of Medical Science, Chinakakani, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522503, India, Devi Dr. Ponna Rama ,   M.B.B.S, Postgraduate, Department of Ophthalmology, NRI Academy of Medical Science, Chinakakani, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522503, India, Chowdary Dr. N. Lakshmi ,   M.S, Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, NRI Academy of Medical Science, Chinakakani, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522503, India, Sirisha Dr. Gantela ,   M.S, Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, NRI Academy of Medical Science, Chinakakani, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522503, India
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Visual impairment affects students’ routine schoolwork and day-to-day activities.Hence, the aim is to study the prevalence of various refractive errors and their comparison amongschool children of 5-15 years in rural and urban areas. Methods: This cross-sectional studyexamined 998 students from both rural and urban schools. After obtaining ethical clearance andinformed consent, students were examined for refractive errors. The students with the refractiveerror were given a socio-demographic questionnaire and questionnaire regarding their usage oftelevision, computer, and family history of refractive errors. A Chi-square test was used to test thestatistical significance of proportions. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant, anddata were analyzed by using coGuide software, V.1.03 Results: The prevalence of refractive errorwas found to be 6.41 %, with a prevalence of 7.61% in urban and 5.21% in rural areas. Thedifference in the type of refractive error between the study groups was found to be insignificant,with P= 0.897. Conclusion: Prevalence of refractive errors was more in urban school children thanrural. Refractive error was more prevalent in 13-15 years age group in both rural and urban schoolchildren. The most common refractive error was myopia, followed by astigmatism andhypermetropia.
Олеогранулема полового члена у подростка (клиническое наблюдение)
Authors: Nazarov Т. Kh. , Afonichev К A. , Yasyuchenya V. V. , Rychkov I. V. , Tursunov A. I.
Published: April 2021

The authors present a clinical observation of oleogranuloma of the penis in an adolescent. The analysis of domestic and foreign literature demonstrates the absence of this nosology in adolescence. The relevance of oleogranuloma of the penis and modern tactics of surgical treatment are highlighted.
Role of inflammation and iron exchange disorders in progression of liver cirrosis
Authors: Bulatova I. A. , Shchekotova A. P. , Paducheva S. V.
Published: April 2021

Objective. To assess the role of the main pathogenetically significant molecules, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-) and transferrin, as an inflammatory protein, in the progression of chronic diffuse liver diseases (CDLD).

Material and methods. The study involved 86 patients with cirrhosis of the liver (LC) of viral, alcoholic and mixed etiology. Inflammatory parameters were studied, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-), indicators of iron metabolism, -fetoprotein (AFP), vasculoendothelial growth factor (VEGF), and functional liver biochemical tests. The control group consisted of 70 persons.

Results. It was revealed that the LC severity class is interrelated with the clinical manifestations of the disease, the severity of biochemical syndromes as well as a significant increase in the concentration of -globulins, CRP, the amount of TNF- up to 3.5 (2.64.7) pg/ ml (p 0.001) and ferritin up to 325.8 (209; 401) ng / ml (p 0.001) compared to the control group. An increase in TNF- and ferritin as inflammatory protein in LC confirms the growth of the activity of inflammation in the liver and correlates with other parameters involved in the pathogenesis of LC: with VEGF, as a marker of endothelial dysfunction, which is involved in the activation of fibrosis and neoangiogenesis, and AFP, reflecting regeneration processes in the liver.

Conclusions. The progression of liver damage in cirrhosis is based primarily on the secondary inflammation caused by portal hypertension with the entry of intestinal antigens and toxins into the central bloodstream. At the same time, the perverse circle of the development of the disease is closed.
Uma leitura de Chico Buarque
Authors: Gonçalves Filipe de Freitas
Published: April 2021

A partir da hipótese desenvolvida por Bakhtin, em sua Teoria do Romance, sobre o caráter heterodiscursivo do gênero romanesco, este artigo procura analisar o mais recente romance de Chico Buarque, Essa Gente (2019), e a canção Meu Guri (1981), do mesmo autor, no sentido de destrinchar, de um lado, o caráter romanesco da canção buarqueana e, por outro, a forma de construção do romance em questão. As análises vão na direção de perceber como o Chico letrista já exercitava formas de expressão discursiva típicas do romance e como essas formas se manifestam plenamente e mais complexificadas quando ele se dedica à prosa romanesca. Além disso, as duas análises lidam com os problemas sociais de que o autor trata nas duas obras em questão.
Narrativas pintadas, pinturas narradas: a Caridade segundo Proust e Giotto
Authors: Perdigão Hêmille Raquel Santos
Published: April 2021

Resumo: No século XX, as alegorias do pintor italiano Giotto aparecem nas páginas de No Caminho de Swann, de Marcel Proust. O narrador faz uma reflexão sobre a alegoria da caridade de Giotto, comparando-a a uma criada de cozinha de sua família, e expõe sua opinião de que a Caridade de Giotto aparenta não ter caridade. O presente trabalho objetiva responder aos seguintes questionamentos: havendo tantas outras alegorias que, de fato, se assemelhavam mais à ideia de caridade do narrador proustiano, por que Swann associa a criada logo à Caridade sem caridade? E por que a Caridade de Giotto se distancia tanto das outras alegorias homônimas? A conclusão é que o afresco do italiano teve como modelo a figura de Beatriz em Vida Nova de Dante Alighieri. Dessa forma, a Caridade de Giotto foi pintada a partir da narrativa de Dante Alighieri e, na narrativa de Proust, a criada de cozinha foi descrita a partir da pintura de Giotto.
O livro que [r]existe: a confluência de gêneros como signo da contemporaneidade em Livro de José Luiz Peixoto
Authors: Navas Diana , Tavares José Luiz Cordeiro Dias
Published: April 2021

O presente estudo, que assume como corpus o romance Livro (2012), de José Luís Peixoto, almeja apresentar a confluência de gêneros que se observa na composição desta obra, evidenciando como seu hibridismo mantém estreito diálogo com o contexto contemporâneo em que se insere. Partindo de uma breve reflexão acerca das marcas da atual ficção contemporânea portuguesa – a confluência dos gêneros, a metaficção, a polifonia e a paródia – , apresentamos, a seguir, o romance de Peixoto, evidenciando como nele os gêneros literários e não-literários se fundem e se (con)fundem, promovendo a construção de um livro híbrido. Nessa obra, não apenas a poesia insere-se no romance, mas o ensaio e outros gêneros perpassam a narrativa, tornando o espaço romanesco plural  e heterogêneo.  Ao final, demonstramos como a confluência de gêneros neste romance está em consonância com o atual cenário contemporâneo, também marcado pela multiplicidade e heterogeneidade.
Toponímia transplantada de origem italiana no Brasil
Authors: Cordeiro Maryelle Joelma , Lourenço Lorenza , Cunha Evandro Landulfo Teixeira Paradela
Published: April 2021

Topônimos são nomes próprios que designam lugares. Neste trabalho, o objeto de análise são topônimos que denominam agrupamentos humanos, especificamente municípios e distritos, transplantados da toponímia italiana para a toponímia brasileira por meio da adoção do modificador “novo”. Após o exame de todos os nomes de municípios e distritos brasileiros, 16 topônimos foram incluídos no conjunto de dados a serem analisados. Esses topônimos foram estudados considerando-se aspectos linguísticos, em particular morfológicos e semânticos, e histórico-culturais. Observou-se que, na grande maioria dos casos, os topônimos italianos transplantados no Brasil passaram a ser utilizados na toponímia brasileira para nomear lugares ocupados por comunidades de imigrantes italianos, caracterizando, assim, uma forma de evocação da terra natal.
Patogenesis dan virulensi Burkholderia pseudomallei penyebab melioidosis dan Burkholderia cepacia sebagai patogen oportunis
Authors: Tjampakasari Conny Riana
Published: April 2021

Diantara genus Burkholderia terdapat dua spesies yang menjadi perhatian dalam bidang kesehatan, yaitu B. pseudomallei dan  B. cepacia.   Kedua bakteri ini menyebabkan masalah klinis yang berbeda.  Penyakit melioidosis kerap disebabkan oleh  B.pseudomallei, sedangkan  B. cepacia complex (Bcc) seringkali ditemukan pada pasien cystic fibrosis (CF). Burkholderia pseudomallei merupakan kelompok bakteri patogen intracellular Gram negatif, memiliki bentuk seperti peniti. Demikian pula  B. cepacia  merupakan kelompok bakteri Gram negatif basil, tidak dapat membentuk spora, bersifat aerobik, katalase dan oksidase positif, serta mempunyai flagel polar multitrik.  Meskipun jalur patogenesis kedua  bakteri ini sedikit berbeda, faktor virulensi yang dimiliki oleh kedua spesies ini hampir sama. B. pseudomallei memiliki kemampuan untuk menginfeksi berbagai jenis sel dan menghindari respon imun manusia. Bakteri  ini masuk melalui kulit atau selaput lendir dan bereplikasi di sel epitel. Di dalam sel inang, bakteri bergerak dengan menginduksi polimerisasi aktin inang,  mendesak dinding membran membentuk tonjolan yang meluas ke sel lain. Tonjolan ini menyebabkan sel tersebut  bergabung, membentuk sel raksasa berinti (multinucleated giant cell /MNGC). MNGC akan membentuk plak sebagai tempat bagi bakteri untuk bereplikasi. Setelah memasuki saluran pernafasan pasien penderita CF, B. cepacia menempel pada permukaan sel mukosa ataupun sel epitel inang.  Lapisan mukus yang menebal pada paru mendukung efikasi antimikrobia dan meningkatkan respon inflamasi. Kemampuan untuk melewati barier epitelial dan menemukan akses ke aliran darah hanya dimiliki oleh strain kelompok ini karena patogen lain yang ditemukan pada pasien CF tidak menyebabkan bakteremia. Faktor virulensi bertugas  membantu proses invasi sel inang oleh bakteri patogen. Secara umum, kedua spesies ini memiliki jenis faktor virulensi yang sama, diantaranya adalah  intracellular survival, quorum sensing, adherence factor, sistem sekresi, LPS dan EPS,  biofilm, toksin dan resistensi antimikrobia.
PENERAPAN AMBANG BATAS SENGKETA HASIL PILKADA PADA PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NOMOR 14/PHP.BUP-XV/2017
Authors: Sofian Muhamad
Published: April 2021

Penerapan Ambang Batas Sengketa Hasil Pilkada pada Putusan MK No 14/PHP.BUP-XV/2017 tentang perselisihan Hasil Pemilihan Bupati dan Wakil Bupati Tolikara Tahun 2017, pada penerapannya MK mengenyampingkan ambang batas tersebut. Pengenyampingan tersebut memiliki pertimbangan hukum, serta berimplikasi pada banyak hal. Pembahasan dalam penulisan ini adalah bagaimana penerapan ambang batas sengketa Pilkada serta Implikasi penerapan ambang batas dari Putusan MK No 14/PHP.BUP-XV/2017. Jenis Penulisan penelitian yang digunakan adalah jenis penelitian Normatif, dimana obyek penelitiannya adalah peraturan perundang-undangan dan Putusan MK No 14/PHP,BUP-XV/2017. Teknik analisis data dilakukan secara Prespektif dengan menggunakan metode deduktif, maksudnya, data-data umum, asas-asas hukum, doktrin, dan peraturan perundang-undangan di rangkai secara sistematis sebagai sususan fakta-fakta hukum dalam mengkaji, mengaanalisis Putusan MK Nomor 14/PHP.BUP-XV/2017. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan bahwa Penerapan ambang batas sengketa hasil pemilihan Bupati dan wakil Bupati Tolikara adalah pertama, Hakim pengenyampingkan ambang Batas sengketa hasil Pilkada sehingga hakim Mahkamah menjatuhkan Putusan Sela. Hakim berpendapat, belum serta merta memberlakukan Pasal 158 karena penyelenggaran pemilihan dinilai cacat hukum, dan rekapitulasi suara yang belum sesuai dengan aturan, Namun pada Putusan Akhir, MK tetap memberlakukan ketentuan Ambang Batas Penyelesaian sengketa Pilkada. Kedua, Implikasi dari penerapan ambang batas sengketa hasil Pilkada pada Putusan MK No 14/PHP.BUP-XV/2017 adalah pengenyampingan Pasal 158 atau ambang batas penyelesaian sengketa Pilkada dan akan berimplikasi pada lembaga MK menjadi lembaga yang megutamakan keadilan subtansif bukan menjadi lembaga kalkulatif. MK menjadi lembaga yang menjaga marwah jalannya demokrasi di Indonesia, lembaga yang melakukan penerobosan hukum dan banyaknya peserta yang mengajukan sengketa ke MK.
The Urgency of Protecting Netizen in Freedom of Speech on Social Media
Authors: Priyanto Grandis Ayuning , Sardi Martinus
Published: April 2021

Freedom of speech is a part of fundamental rights to every people. Nowadays, freedom of speech could not felt widely to all people. Freedom of speech developed until Universal Declaration of Human Rights and International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights assure and restrict freedom of speech. In Indonesia, since the rise of The Law of Information and Electronic Transaction, the restriction of freedom of speech become biased, many words in social media are presumably attack others. Netizen feels security to speak up is limited, such Ruslan Buton who critics and record about President Jokowi deemed as a hoax and hate speech. Even though some articles in 1945 Constitution have already protect and guarantee all people to bear the right to speak. The limitations of Freedom of speech in The Law of Information and Electronic Transaction emerge multi interpretation which the right to speak have not been correspond with the values in 1945 Constitution. To harmonize freedom of speech in Indonesia, it needs cooperation among government and people to eradicate ambiguity and fear in which already happen.By using juridical-normative method, the research aims to understand the condition of freedom of speech in Indonesia, and to understand the protection of netizen in using social media
Pelaksanaan Jual Beli Secara Online Berdasarkan Perspektif Hukum Perdata
Authors: Nugroho Rizka Adi , Yuniarlin Prihati
Published: April 2021

ABSTRAKJual beli secara online merupakan suatu kegiatan jual beli dimana penjual dan pembeli tidak bertemu secara langsung atau face to face untuk melakukan komunikasi, negosiasi, dan transaksi. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai adalah untuk mengetahui kapan timbulnya hak dan kewajiban pembeli dan penjual dalam perjanjian jual beli secara online di bukalapak dan di tokopedia. Metode penelitian yang dipakai yaitu penelitian hukum yuridis normatif, dan data yang diperoleh dari wawancara dan kepustakaan. Data primer dan sekunder diambil dahulu kemudian dikumpulkan lalu diolah disusun secara sistematis dan analisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara wawancara terhadap responden yang memahami objek yang diteliti. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa timbulnya hak dan kewajiban terhadap pembeli dan penjual dalam perjanjian jual beli secara online di tokopedia dan di bukalapak sejak diterimanya transaksi serta adanya kesepakatan para pihak dan terpenuhinya 4 proses, yaitu: Penawaran, Penerimaan, Pembayaran, dan Pengiriman. Proses tersebut akan berjalan sebagaimana mestinya apabila adanya itikad baik dari para pihak dengan terpenuhinya syarat sahnya perjanjian yang diatur dalam Pasal 1320 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata.
Protective effects of upregulated HO-1 gene against the apoptosis of human retinal pigment epithelial cells in vitro
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China, Hong Yu , Chen Wei-Qi ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China, You Liu-Xia ,   Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China, Ni Qing-Feng ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China, Gao Xiu-Yun ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China, Lin Xiao-Rong ,   Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
Published: April 2021

AIM: To investigate the protective effect of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) against H2O2-induced apoptosis in human ARPE-19 cells.
METHODS: The lentiviral vector expressing HO-1 was prepared and transfected into apoptotic ARPE-19 cells induced by H2O2. Functional experiments including cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, flow cytometry (FCM) and mitochondrial membrane potential assay were conducted.
RESULTS: The ultrastructure of ARPE-19 cells was observed using transmission electron microscope (TEM). It was found that exogenous HO-1 significantly ameliorated H2O2-induced loss of cell viability, apoptosis and intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in ARPE-19 cells. The overexpression of HO-1 facilitated the transfer of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) from cytoplasm to nucleus, which in turn upregualted expressions HO-1 and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2). Furthermore, HO-1 upregulation further inhibited H2O2-induced release of cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (caspase-3).
CONCLUSION: Exogenous HO-1 protect ARPE-19 cells against H2O2-induced oxidative stress by regulating the expressions of Nrf2, HO-1, Bcl-2, and caspase-3.
Applications of the isolated-check visual evoked potential in primary open angle glaucoma with or without high myopia
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China, Wang Xia , Wei Ya-Hui ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China, Fang Yuan ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China, Tian Tian ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China, Li Mei ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China, Pan Ying-Zi ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
Published: April 2021

AIM: To explore the diagnostic performance of isolated-check visual evoked potential (icVEP) for primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in both highly myopic and non-highly myopic populations and compare it with those of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Heidelberg retinal tomography (HRT) parameters.
METHODS: A total of 126 participants were recruited, including 31 highly myopic participants with POAG (HM-POAG), 36 non-highly myopic participants with POAG (NHM-POAG), 25 highly myopic participants without POAG (HM) and 34 controls without high myopia (Normal). All the participants underwent a complete ophthalmic examination. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was used to assess the icVEP. Both qualitative and quantitative diagnostic performances of OCT, HRT and the icVEP were analyzed and compared.
RESULTS: Based on the criterion of SNR≤1, the diagnostic performance of the icVEP in highly myopic subjects [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)=0.862] was better than that in non-highly myopic subjects (AUC=0.789), and the SNR had fairly good specificity. In distinguishing the HM-POAG and HM groups, the AUC of the SNR was not different from those of the OCT and HRT parameters (P>0.05) in either the qualitative or quantitative comparison. In the qualitative analysis, the icVEP showed good consistency with damage to the central 10° of the visual field (kappa=0.695-0.747, P<0.001).
CONCLUSION: The icVEP has the potential to discriminate individuals with and without POAG, especially in populations with high myopia.
Lipid accumulation and protein modifications of Bruch’s membrane in age-related macular degeneration
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China, Meng Li-Hui
Published: April 2021

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive retinal disease, which is the leading cause of blindness in western countries. There is an urgency to establish new therapeutic strategies that could prevent or delay the progression of AMD more efficiently. Until now, the pathogenesis of AMD has remained unclear, limiting the development of the novel therapy. Bruch's membrane (BM) goes through remarkable changes in AMD, playing a significant role during the disease course. The main aim of this review is to present the crucial processes that occur at the level of BM, with special consideration of the lipid accumulation and protein modifications. Besides, some therapies targeted at these molecules and the construction of BM in tissue engineering of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells transplantation were listed. Hopefully, this review may provide a reference for researchers engaged in pathogenesis or management on AMD.
Tratamiento postcosecha con radiación gamma para extender la vida útil de papa chaucha amarilla (Solanum phureja)
Authors: Sinche Serra Marco Vinicio , Anguisaca Totasig Eddy Paul , Cuesta Plúa María Cristina
Published: April 2021

Solanum phureja es una variedad andina de papa con un alto potencial de exportación, gracias a sus propiedades nutricionales, organolépticas y funcionales; sin embargo, su tiempo de vida en percha es muy reducido. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar el tratamiento de este tubérculo con radiación gamma para retardar la brotación. Se empleó un diseño factorial 4Ã—2 para seleccionar la mejor combinación de dosis (0, 80, 120 o 160 Gy) y tiempo después de la cosecha (uno o cinco días) del tratamiento. Asimismo, se utilizó un diseño factorial 3Ã—2 para seleccionar la mejor combinación de dosis de clorprofam (CIPC) (0, 20 o 30 mg kg-1) y tiempo después de la cosecha (uno o cinco días); este es un tratamiento químico común para retrasar la germinación de la papa. El mejor tratamiento físico correspondió a la irradiación con una dosis de 120 Gy, cinco días después de la cosecha; produjo una pérdida de peso de 16.5%, una pérdida de firmeza de 17.2%, ausencia de brotes y 4.0% de pudrición después de 40 días de almacenamiento a 19 ° C y 60% de humedad relativa. El mejor tratamiento químico correspondió a la aplicación de 30 mg de CIPC kg-1 a los cinco días de la cosecha, y produjo una pérdida de peso del 17,4%, una pérdida de firmeza del 21,0 %, un 8,0% de podredumbre y la aparición de brotes después de 25 días. En las papas de la muestra control (sin ningún tratamiento), la pérdida de peso fue del 23,7%, la pérdida de firmeza del 20,9%, la pudrición del 7,0% y la aparición de brotes a los 6 días. Los análisis sensoriales (apariencia, color, textura y flavor) y proximal (contenido de humedad, cenizas, proteína, extracto etéreo, fibra cruda y carbohidratos totales) revelaron que los tratamientos aplicados no afectaron significativamente las características organolépticas y nutricionales de las papas. Estos resultados sugieren que la irradiación de chaucha amarilla permite incrementar su vida útil en aproximadamente 33 días, conservando su calidad.
When Chen Meets Chan
Authors: Chen Chen
Published: April 2021

A poem featuring an imaginary dialog between Chan, a well-known Chinese-Canadian athlete and Chen, a Chinese academic living in Canada. The piece speaks from these two different cultural perspectives.
An Unforgotten Iron Key
Authors: El-Husseini Noor
Published: April 2021

A poem speaking to the claim homeland culture continues to make on the (Palistinian) immigrant.
Funkcjonowanie systemów gwarancji depozytowych na przykładzie Polski i Czech
Authors: Florczak Tomasz
Published: April 2021

Na skutek wielu kryzysów w sektorach bankowych zwrócono uwagę na potrzebę zapewnienia deponentom wypłaty środków finansowych. Dzięki temu wykreowano ideę systemów gwarantowania depozytów. Obecnie wiele państw uwzględnia w swoim systemie bezpieczeństwa finansowego instytucje gwarancji depozytowych. Niektóre z nich pełnią znaczącą rolę w utrzymaniu stabilności państwowego sektora bankowego poprzez dodatkowe udzielanie pomocy zagrożonym bankom. Inne ograniczają się tylko do ewentualnych wypłat sum gwarancyjnych. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie i ocena różnych rozwiązań systemowych dla gwarancji depozytowych. Problem badawczy będzie stanowiło weryfikowanie założenia, że system gwarantowania depozytów w Polsce działa w taki sam sposób jak system w Czechach – kraju, który przeszedł podobną zmianę ustrojową.
Efficacy of Different Formulation of Glyphosate Herbicide on Sorghum Weeds
Authors: Fisseha Dawit , Amare Mizan , Desta Letemariam , G/medhin Zerabruk
Published: April 2021

Background: Sorghum is susceptible to weed at its early growth stage. The aim of this efficacy trial was to ensurethat efficacy of chemical Glyphosate-isopropylammonium 41% SL on sorghum weeds control non- selectively before sorghum sowing. Methods: Thrice experiment was carried out in Humera area in Humera Agricultural Research Center, Semur farm and Desta Berhe farm during rainy growing season of 2019 using sorghum variety i.e. Brhan. Pre and post spray weed count were subjected to efficacy calculation. Result: New product of herbicide, Glyphosate-isopropylammonium 41% SL (Glpho) at 3.00 lt a.i./ha was shown better performance than the standard check Glymax 48% SL (W/V). Therefore, the new Glpho product could be suggested as an alternative non-selective herbicide before sorghum sowing.
The Status of Laying Traits in Indigenous Chicken of Bangladesh: A Review
Authors: Shahjahan M.
Published: April 2021

This paper covers the review of diversified performance of laying traits of Bangladeshi indigenous chicken in both in situ and ex situ including few global studies. Indigenous chicken constitutes about 80% of the total chicken population in Bangladesh and their different genotypes distribute throughout the country having distinct morphological and productive characteristics. The common native genotypes (usually non-descript or deshi) provide 35-45 eggs annually with 83-96% egg fertility and 75-88% hatchability in free range while better performance is observed in extensive system. Although Naked Neck and Hilly chicken genotypes perform superior but they are not available like common deshi. The genetic improvement of laying traits is a challenging work for the village chicken in Bangladesh, however, the planned breeding strategies along with improvement management system could enhance the activity. The results presented in this review would be a guideline for selection of indigenous chicken to improve further its productivity and conservation aspect. Thus, a conceptual breeding strategy is proposed here for the improvement of laying traits in village chicken in-situ as uncontrolled mating occurs there compared to ex-situ condition.
Effect of Chelated Minerals Supplement on Milk Yield and Composition of Sahiwal and Hariana Cows
Authors: Bhosale Tushar Rajendra , Antre Gorakshanath Raosaheb , Kumar Dheeraj , Pandey Rajendra Kumar
Published: April 2021

Background: The study was carried out at the Dairy farm of Banaras Hindu University, Dist. Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh). Twelve (12) Sahiwal and Hariana cows ranging 4 - 6 years of age was randomly selected for present investigations. Animals were stratified for their initial body weight and age. The objective of the study was to compare the effect of feeding chelated mineral based formulation on dairy cow production performance, namely milk yield and milk composition. Methods: The trial was conducted with dairy cows 3 - 4 months of lactation. The experimental treatments included: Fedamin (Chelated minerals, given 50 gm. /day/ cow) and control. The study lasted from 0 to 30 days. Milk yield and milk composition of cows were measured individually on days 1, 8, 15, 22 and 30. Result: The Fedamin treated group (Chelated minerals) improved the milk yield and fat percentage in milk during this study as compared to control and specific gravity, solid-not fat, protein, lactose and total solids of milk differ non-significantly.
Obtaining Ejaculates through Operant Conditioning of the Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos)
Authors: Herrera-Barragán J.A. , Landa-García S.S. , Pérez-Rivero J.J. , Huitrón-Rodríguez J.M. , León-Galván M.Á. , Guzmán-Sánchez A. , Reyes-Mendoza C.S.
Published: April 2021

Background: The golden eagle, Aquila chrysaetos is one of the 65 species of birds of prey found in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. It has been estimated that the world population is 250 thousand specimens. The operant conditioning to obtain ejaculates of A. chrysaetos is described and to contribute to assisted reproduction protocols in captivity. Methods: In the reproductive season, the procedure was performed twice a week on 5 adult birds, in order to obtain ejaculates. Result: The study lasted 17 weeks, in which 160 contacts were made in total. It was possible to obtain 20 ejaculates, which were obtained from 3 birds. 4% success was achieved in obtaining ejaculates. Additionally, behaviors of clinical utility for diagnosis, care and well-being were conditioned in birds. The above should be considered in assisted reproduction programs, since, as demonstrated by the results of this study, not all the birds provide sufficient ejaculates, for which reason, the evaluation of the individuals that present the greatest advance in operant conditioning to include them in assisted reproduction programs.
Predicted and In vitro Effect of Deltamethrin on Bone Marrow Progenitors
Authors: Gowri A. Mangala , Ashokkumar Abhiroopa
Published: April 2021

Background: Deltamethrin, a type 2 pyrethroid, reported toxicity said to have atoxic effect upon chronic exposure on the immune system. Since bone marrow is the source of immune cells, it is appropriate to test impact of the widely used Deltamethrin on BMSCs (Bone marrow stem cells). It was found that long term exposure to these toxic pesticides used for domestic and agricultural purposes showed to cause severe hematotoxicity and degenerative marrow diseases, precisely hypoplastic bone marrow failure condition in mammals. The present study analysed the less explored predicted effects of Deltamethrin on blood stem cells through CD45 receptor and virtual effects on cultured cells. Methods: The effect of deltamethrin on bone marrow-derived stem cells at different concentrations and time periods was analysed. To further understand the molecular basis of how these chemicals affect the protein-ligand binding, molecular docking studies were conducted. Result: Our results on iGEMDOCK 2.1 software used to dock CD45 receptors with DLM and the binding mode indicated that the bound ligand and the active site of CD45 had a good binding score of -68.04 and formed the five H bonds with the amino acids residues of CD45. It is found from the current study that there is an increase in cytotoxicity with increased exposure to deltamethrin. Further studies can be done to note the precise target of such agents to quickly underst and and control the effect of such drugs on a safer lifestyle.