bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimating Net Bone Formation Relative to Resorption Using Reference Bone Turnover Markers
Authors: Shieh Albert , Karlamangla Arun S , Gossiel Fatma , Eastell Richard , Burnett-Bowie Sherri-Ann , Greendale Gail A
Published: December 2024

Context

Individually, bone resorption or formation markers do not reflect bone balance.

Objective

(1) Combine reference bone resorption [collagen type I C-telopeptide (CTX)] and formation [procollagen type I propeptide (PINP)] markers to estimate balance by creating a bone balance index (BBI); (2) examine associations of BBI, CTX, or PINP with bone mineral density (BMD) change.

Design

Mixed effects linear regression quantified associations of BBI, CTX, or PINP with BMD change rate.

Setting

Community-based cohort (Study of Women's Health Across the Nation).

Participants

535 women transitioning through menopause.

Main Outcome Measures

Annualized percent change in lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) BMD.

Results

In mixed effects linear regression, adjusted for age, body mass index, race/ethnicity, menopause transition stage, and study site, more negative BBI (less favorable balance) related to more BMD loss. Each SD decrement in BBI was associated with a 0.26% greater decline in LS BMD annually and 0.42% greater decline in FN BMD annually (each P < .0001). In separate models, accounting for the previous covariates, greater CTX or PINP predicted more bone loss. Per SD increment in log2CTX, annual BMD decline was 0.37% greater (P < .0001) and 0.47% greater (P < .0001) at the LS and FN, respectively. Per SD increment in log2PINP, annual BMD loss was 0.22% (P < .0001, LS) and 0.19% (P = .01, FN) greater.

Conclusion

When combined as a BBI, CTX and PINP estimate bone balance; more negative BBI predicts faster BMD loss. Separately, CTX or PINP reflect overall amount of bone turnover; greater CTX or PINP are related to more bone loss.
Impaired Awareness and Symptomatology of Hypoglycemia in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Authors: Lin Yu Kuei , Ye Wen , Hepworth Emily , Rickels Michael R , Amiel Stephanie A , Speight Jane , Shaw James A M
Published: December 2024

Context and Objective

Sparse large-scale studies have characterized hypoglycemia symptomatology in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) who use continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). This research aimed to evaluate the relationship of impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH) with hypoglycemia symptomatology and frequency in this population.

Design

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2023. HypoA-Q was used to evaluate hypoglycemia frequency, symptomatology, and awareness.

Setting & Participants

Registrants who used CGM in the T1D Exchange, a U.S. national T1D registry.

Results

Surveys were completed by 1480 adults with T1D who used CGM (53% female; mean diabetes duration 26 years). Compared to those with intact hypoglycemia awareness, IAH was associated with less frequent hypoglycemia symptom presentation across various glucose levels and lower glucose concentrations for first presenting hypoglycemia symptoms when awake (P < .05 for all). More than 70% of individuals with IAH did not regularly experience symptoms during episodes with glucose <54 mg/dL. When asleep, those with IAH were less frequently awoken by symptoms, more frequently awoken by others who recognized their hypoglycemia, and more frequently acknowledged hypoglycemia after an episode (P < .05 for all) despite using CGM. With reduced symptoms, both when awake and asleep, those with IAH experienced more hypoglycemic episodes that they were unable to self-treat than those with intact awareness (P < .05).

Conclusion

IAH continues to be associated with a significant reduction in detection of hypoglycemia symptoms, both when awake and asleep, in adults using CGM. Current diabetes technologies do not fully protect adults with T1D from hypoglycemia.
Effectiveness of Bisphosphonates in Young Adults With Fragility Fractures: Representative Population-based Cohort Study
Authors: Kong Sung Hye , Park Ju-young , Shin Moon-Kyung , Lee Hyo-Jung , Kim Jin Woo , Park Seung Shin , Kim Sang Wan , Shin Chan Soo , Song Tae-Jin
Published: December 2024

Context

Fragility fractures in young adults present significant clinical challenges due to the limited evidence on the effectiveness of bisphosphonates in preventing subsequent fractures.

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness of bisphosphonate therapy in reducing the fracture risk among premenopausal women with a history of osteoporotic fractures.

Design

A population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort in South Korea, covering the years 2003 to 2014.

Setting

A nationwide healthcare setting utilizing a representative cohort database.

Participants

Among 2087 premenopausal women with osteoporotic fractures, participants were propensity score-matched based on age and body mass index at a 1:3 ratio, resulting in 132 bisphosphonate users and 396 nonusers.

Intervention

Bisphosphonate treatment.

Main Outcome Measures

The incidence of osteoporotic fractures.

Results

Bisphosphonate users had a significantly lower risk of major osteoporotic fractures [hazard ratio (HR) 0.618, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.396-0.963] compared to nonusers. Ibandronate users showed significant reductions in both major osteoporotic (HR 0.376, 95% CI 0.164-0.861) and nonvertebral fractures (HR 0.214, 95% CI 0.052-0.877). Also, longer duration of bisphosphonate use (≥180 days) was associated with a significantly lower risk of major osteoporotic and nonvertebral fractures (HR 0.528, 95% CI 0.300-0.929; HR 0.409, 95% CI 0.187-0.895, respectively).

Conclusion

Bisphosphonate therapy significantly reduces fracture risk in premenopausal women with previous osteoporotic fractures, especially at higher cumulative doses. These findings support considering bisphosphonates as a treatment option in premenopausal women at high risk of fractures.
Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery in a Patient With Spondylocostal Dysostosis: A Case Report
Authors: Bellamy Jack , Pye Sidney
Published: December 2024

Spondylocostal dysostosis (SCD) is an inherited skeleton growth disorder characterized by abnormalities of the vertebrae and ribs. Individuals are susceptible to kyphoscoliosis and pulmonary complications, which may be exacerbated by respiratory physiologic changes in pregnancy. We present a case of a parturient with severe kyphoscoliosis and restrictive lung disease who received a modified rapid sequence induction and transabdominal plane blocks for cesarean delivery. Our case describes the safe administration of general anesthesia for cesarean delivery and reviews the anesthetic considerations for managing patients with SCD.
Gamified Mobile Health Strategies for Promoting Physical Activity in Autistic Adults
Authors: Lee Daehyoung , Frey Georgia C. , Shih Patrick C.
Published: December 2024

Physical inactivity and sedentarism among autistic adults are a growing public health concern. Focusing on the integration of behavior change theories and emphasizing the unique preference for visuospatial learning and gaming technology, we hypothesize that gamified mobile health (mHealth) applications can be effective at increasing free-living physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior in autistic adults.
Phenotypic and genetic extended spectrum beta lactamase profiles of bacterial isolates from ICU in tertiary level hospital in Kenya
Authors: Mwale Job , Magomere Edwin O. , Maina Brian , Otieno Leon , Onyambu Frank G. , Kassim Ali , Muchiri Lucy
Published: December 2024

Background Bacterial infections in the Intensive Care Units are a threat to the lives of critically ill patients. Their vulnerable immunity predisposes them to developing bacteria-associated sepsis, deteriorating their already fragile health. In the face of increasing antibiotics resistance, the problem of bacterial infection in ICU is worsening. Surveillance of bacterial infections in ICUs and drug resistance will help to understand the magnitude of the problem it poses and inform response strategies. We assessed bacterial infections in ICU setting by identifying prevalent Gram-negative bacterial species and characterized their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Methods Cross-sectional samples collected from Kenyatta National Hospital ICU between January and June 2021 were cultured and phenotypic identification of culture-positive samples performed using VITEK 2. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns were determined based on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) results. Cephalosporin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria were assessed by PCR to detect the presence of ESBL genes including ( bla CTX-M, bla SHV, bla TEM, bla OXA) Results and discussion Out of the 168 Gram-negative isolates, Acinetobacter baumanii was the most abundant (35%). Other isolates that were present at frequencies more than 15% are Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia. coli. A. baumaniii is known to be a notorious bacterium in ICU due to its multidrug resistance nature. Indeed, A. baumanii isolates from Kenyatta National Hospital showed significantly high level of phenotypic resistance. Concordant with the high level of phenotypic resistance, we found high carriage of the ESBL genes among the isolates analysed in this study. Moreover, majority of isolates harboured all the four ESBL genes. Conclusion A high rate of phenotypic and genetic resistance was detected among the tested isolates. Resistance to cephalosporins was primarily driven by acquisition of the ESBL genes. The high prevalence rate of ESBL genes in ICU bacterial isolates shown in this study has a important implication for ICU patient management and general antibiotics use.
Navigating uncertain waters: 12 tips for medical department social media engagement under shifting platform landscapes
Authors: Van Roy Zachary , Cawcutt Kelly A. , Marcelin Jasmine R.
Published: December 2024

Social media has revolutionized how society receives and transmits information in the digital age, including healthcare. While the future of social media platforms remains uncertain, the benefits of social media for healthcare organizations, departments, and divisions are clear when compared to traditional communication methods, including improved recruitment efforts, increased promotion of faculty work, rapid dissemination of information and education innovations, and accelerated professional networking. Consequently, preferred platforms may shift but the benefits of social media likely cement it, in one form or another, in medical education and society at large. The strategic development of a social media presence at the department level can be opaque and overwhelming amidst varying mediums, yet the benefits of use have never been more important. Here, we present 12 tips for developing a successful social media presence as a healthcare department, addressing the creation of a purposeful social media strategy and crucial considerations for any platform, current or future, at all levels of development.
Multifaceted Treatment and Therapies in the Care of Children with Cerebral Palsy – A Literature Review
Authors: Wilewska Anna , Pomirski Bartosz , Pomirska Agata , Biernikiewicz Julia , Biernikiewicz Milena , Alabrudziński Konstanty , Borowiec Agnieszka , Borowiec Kinga , Kwaśniewska Paulina , Graczyk Patryk
Published: December 2024

Introduction and Purpose: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a prevalent neurological disorder in children, characterized by movement, muscle tone, and posture impairments. This article reviews the clinical and therapeutic management of CP, focusing on spasticity, musculoskeletal disorders, and holistic rehabilitation. It examines evidence-based interventions, including onabotulinumtoxinA, intrathecal baclofen pumps, and surgical options for orthopedic deformities. Key rehabilitation techniques such as neurodevelopmental therapies, gait training, and speech therapy are discussed to enhance motor skills and cognitive development. Additionally, the management of associated conditions like epilepsy and intellectual challenges is addressed, emphasizing psychological support for patients and families. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the management of cerebral palsy.
Material and Methods: We utilized English databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and PubMed Central, selecting articles based on keywords like cerebral palsy, spasticity, physical therapy, and rehabilitation.
State of Knowledge: Effective CP management requires a multidisciplinary approach to tackle motor impairments, spasticity, deformities, and psychosocial challenges. Therapeutic interventions, including pharmacological treatments, surgical options, and innovative rehabilitation techniques, are essential for improving mobility and quality of life.
Summary: Comprehensive care for children with CP is crucial. Evidence supports combining multiple therapeutic approaches tailored to each child’s needs and involving family preferences to optimize development and well-being.
Koncepcja „dobrego rodzicielstwa” jako przejaw biograficznego uczenia się dorosłego dziecka alkoholika. W stronę interpretacji andragogicznej
Authors: Seroka Paweł Lech
Published: December 2024

Głównym celem niniejszego artykułu jest próba rekonstrukcji oraz opisu zjawiska biograficznego uczenia się „dobrego rodzicielstwa”, które wyłania się z analizy i interpretacji jednej z badanych przez autora biografii. Koncepcja „dobrego rodzicielstwa” – będąca jedną z kilku głównych kategorii analitycznych wydobytych w toku dotychczasowych badań – posłuży autorowi jako egzemplifikacja, przejaw biograficznego uczenia się zachodzącego w doświadczeniach dorosłych osób poddających się psychoterapii (w tym przypadku psychoterapii osób z syndromem dda).
Muzyka popularna jako źródło refleksji nad dorosłością. Album The Dark Side of the Moon grupy Pink Floyd jako droga do (z)rozumienia istoty dorosłości i przygotowania się do niej
Authors: Golonka-Legut Joanna Anna
Published: December 2024

Problematyka niniejszego artykułu wpisuje się w nurt rozważań dotyczących rozumienia kultury popularnej jako obszaru uczenia się człowieka dorosłego. Przedstawione treści odnoszą się bezpośrednio do postrzegania muzyki popularnej jako źródła refleksji nad podstawową kategorią andragogiczną – dorosłością. Natomiast punktem odniesienia jest refleksja nad albumem muzycznym The Dark Side of the Moon grupy Pink Floyd, który jest postrzegany jako droga (jedna z dróg) do (z)rozumienia istoty dorosłości i przygotowania się do niej.
Intencją przygotowanego tekstu jest nie tylko chęć podzielenia się własnymi przemyśleniami dotyczącymi wyżej wymienionej tematyki, ale przede wszystkim zainteresowanie czytelników albumem The Dark Side of the Moon grupy Pink Floyd i zaproszenie ich do refleksji nad dorosłością – refleksji zainspirowanej muzyką.
Kulturowe aspekty tekstologii: Tekst – tekstem – kontekst
Authors: Rutkovska Kristina , Niebrzegowska-Bartmińska Stanisława , Ragaišienė Vilija
Published: December 2024

Kolejny, czwarty tom serii Wartości w Językowym Obrazie Świata Polaków i Litwinów poświęcono zagadnieniom tekstu i tekstologii, a przedmiot tekstologii jest ujmowany z perspektywy etnolingwistycznej. W części teoretycznej zaprezentowano podstawowe cele tak pojmowanej dyscypliny, opartej na wielowymiarowej analizie tekstu, integrującej językoznawstwo i literaturoznawstwo. Artykuły lubelskich badaczy prezentują podstawowe działy i nurty tekstologii: semiotyczny, stylistyczny, kognitywny i komunikacyjno-funkcjonalny. Podstawą analizy w artykułach litewskich i polskich badaczy są teksty różnego rodzaju: słowniki, utwory literackie i publicystyczne, współczesne i historyczne dane korpusowe. Wspólnym mianownikiem tych badań jest założenie, że mechanizmy tekstotwórcze są oparte na utrwalonych w kulturze wzorach życia, a zarazem wzory życia można odczytać ze struktury tekstu.
The Birth of Terminology: Sirvydas and the Creation of Lithuanian Vocabulary
Authors: Buiko Silvestras
Published: December 2024

This article delves into the evolution of lithuanian terminology during the 16th and 17th centuries,
focusing on civilisation-bound words. it examines the work of konstantinas Sirvydas, who pioneered lithuanian lexical development through his trilingual dictionary, Dictionarium trium linguarum. the study methodically analyses all 14,598 entries in Sirvydas’ dictionary, categorising words based on their environmental salience, language of influence, and influence type. the findings highlight the significant impact of polish and, to a lesser extent, latin, revealing Sirvydas’ strategies to balance the use of lexical borrowings, calques, original entries, and modelled entries. this research contributes to understanding the intricate linguistic interplay during a critical period of lithuanian language development.
Flow of the Game: A Hidden Markov Model of Player Engagement in Online Mobile Games
Authors: Deng Jiaying , Lee Stephanie , Tan Yong
Published: December 2024

Practice- and Policy-Oriented Abstract

Mobile gaming is a prominent component of the entertainment industry, yet high attrition rates and low engagement are notorious problems faced by most mobile game publishers. This paper investigates the effects of in-game challenge-related factors and reward ads on player engagement in mobile games. Using a Hidden Markov Model, we analyze how perceived challenge, fluctuation of perceived challenge, and reward ads impact players’ engagement states. Our findings indicate that whereas moderate levels of perceived challenge enhance engagement, excessive challenge level has diminishing returns. Furthermore, fluctuations in perceived challenge help sustain engagement by providing a balance between stimulation and cognitive restoration. Third, reward ads provide access to scaffolds, offering temporary support that helps players move to a higher engagement state, especially during challenging phases of the game. For game developers, incorporating dynamic challenge adjustments can improve player experience and keep players engaged. Additionally, reward ads offer a strategic opportunity for game publishers to monetize their games while maintaining engagement, with a stronger impact when players perceive a higher level of challenge. These insights provide valuable practices for designing mobile games that effectively balance user engagement and monetization strategies, ensuring sustained growth in a competitive landscape.
Bringing negative pressure wound therapy to the community: expanding wound care access
Authors: Lumbers Melanie
Published: December 2024

The transition of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) from hospitals to community care is a significant advancement in patient care, driven by increased practitioner competence and technological improvements. Modern, mobile NPWT systems, equipped with smaller pumps, have expanded treatment options and reduced hospital stays. However, discharging patients with NPWT systems introduces some logistical challenges, including staff training, supply management and effective communication between hospital staff and community teams. Practical challenges include achieving secure seals in difficult anatomical locations, managing patient mobility and adapting care practices to home environments. Despite these challenges, the benefits of community-based NPWT are well-documented, reducing hospital costs and improving patient outcomes. Collaboration with NPWT system providers is essential to ensure appropriate training for community nurses, especially given the variety of products used across different trusts. The successful integration of NPWT into community settings demands a collaborative and multidisciplinary approach, addressing logistical, training and operational barriers to maximise its potential in improving patient outcomes.
All about … Zones of Regulation
Authors: Weinstein Nicole
Published: December 2024

Nicole Weinstein talks to early years settings to find out why categorising emotions by colour can help children identify how they are feeling from an early age
BRUSH strokes
Authors: Rawstrone Annette
Published: December 2024

Supervised toothbrushing could be key to reducing the staggering number of infants with tooth decay. By Annette Rawstrone
HR guru: FORMALITIES
Authors: Edmunds Imogen
Published: December 2024

Imogen Edmunds, managing director of Redwing Solutions, which specialises in HR for early years settings, on disciplinary procedure
childminding: Top of mind
Authors: Wakerley Catherine
Published: December 2024

Catherine Wakerley, operations manager at Childminding UK, sets out what needs to change in order to ensure the sustainability of the childminding sector
making ends meet – part 2: Losing out
Authors: Jones Leah
Published: December 2024

In part 2 of our series, we look at how settings in Scotland are coping with the country's funded offer. By Leah Jones
Moving Beyond 2D Covalent Bonding
Authors: Ure Katheryn , Bal Irene
Published: December 2024

This three-lesson sequence is from a Bonding unit in a sophomore High School Chemistry class that focuses on the formation of covalent bonds in simple molecules. The purpose of these lessons is for students to apply their knowledge of atomic structure and electron arrangements, and understand, at an atomic level, why non-metal atoms share pairs of electrons to achieve electronic stability. Learning objectives are formatively assessed throughout the lessons, focused on addressing student misconceptions. This is done through drawing diagrams and simple 2D models, teacher-led question/answer and discussion, and an in-class worksheet. For this three-lesson sequence, eight 3D experiences were created to support the visualization of the covalent bond formation and minimize students’ misconceptions. This paper focuses on two 3D experiences, water and carbon dioxide.
Investigating Erosion under Perennial Ground Cover (PGC) Using a Rainfall Simulation Experiment
Authors: Olowoyeye Oluwatuyi S. , Kaleita Amy L.
Published: December 2024

Highlights

The Perennial Groundcover (PGC) system lowered the runoff rate.

Both Grass only and Perennial Groundcover (PGC) systems showed reduced amount of sediment transport.

Abstract. The intensive corn and soybean production in the Midwest, USA, exacerbates environmental challenges, particularly concerning runoff and sediment transport. The perennial groundcover (PGC) system is a new system that allows the growth of row crop and perennial grass simultaneously, potentially lowering the runoff and erosion rate. This study aims to quantify runoff rate and erosion rate in PGC treatment compared to Bare land (BL), corn (C), corn on residue (CR), and perennial grass (G) using rain simulation. The experiment was conducted in summer 2023 at the Iowa State University Sorenson Research Farm, near Ames, Iowa. We simulated rainfall on each plot until it reached field capacity and eventual saturation; at this point, the runoff rate was estimated and sediment load was measured. Furthermore, we tested for infiltration rate across these treatments using a Cornell Infiltrometer. Statistical comparison was done using Analysis of Variance and Tukey’s method to determine treatment effects. The PGC took longer to generate runoff, and the runoff rate was lower in the PGC compared to all other treatments aside from the G plot. No consistent differences were found for the infiltration rate. However, we observed a 92% reduction in sediment load for PGC compared to BL, with statistically significant mean differences (p < 0.05) between treatments. The data retrieved from the experiment will be critical in modeling soil erosion under a PGC system and further aid cross-disciplinary research being carried out to develop a robust PGC system. Keywords: Ecosystem services, Groundcover, Rainfall simulator, Runoff rate, Soil loss.
Utilizing Super Capacitors to Improve Battery Performance in Electric Mobile Machinery
Authors: Dvorak Joe
Published: December 2024

Highlights

Maximum voltage levels were reduced from 22% over nominal to only 11% to 12%.

Maximum regeneration currents into the battery were reduced from 590 to 220 A.

Total current into and out of the battery was reduced by 18%, which would improve battery life.

A super capacitor can improve power capabilities of energy storage without harming vehicle feel or operation.

Abstract. This project tested the impact of incorporating a super capacitor into a battery electric drivetrain for off-road machinery. The 188 F super capacitor was added to a 1250 Ah, 36 V nominal battery system of a three-wheel production forklift with a rated load capacity of 2268 kg. The forklift was operated according to the procedures outlined in Abnormal Operation Heat Rise Test per UL 583 with an 1800 kg load. The test was conducted twice with the super capacitor in operation and twice without. Current into the super capacitor and battery as well as system voltage were recorded. The super capacitor reduced maximum voltage spikes, which were caused by regenerative braking, from 42 V (22% over nominal) to 39 V or less (12% over nominal). Maximum regeneration currents into the battery were reduced from 590 A to 220 A. Total current into and out of the battery during each test run was reduced by 18% when the super capacitor was added, which would improve battery life. Vehicle power levels and responsiveness during the operation were not negatively impacted by the addition of the super capacitor. The addition of a super capacitor had a beneficial impact on the electrical system of the vehicle without altering the operator feel or its responsiveness. Keywords: Battery, Battery life, Electric vehicles, Power, Super capacitor, Voltage spikes.
Head-mounted projector with a wide visual-field and three degrees of freedom in electro-holography
Authors: Kikuchi Natsu , Kang Seok , Sakamoto Yuji
Published: December 2024

Due to the problem of a narrow visual-field in electro-holography, visual-field enlargement methods that are not reliant on the pixel pitch of the spatial light modulator have been studied. This paper proposes a head-mounted projector (HMP), with which a reconstructed image is projected from the projector attached to the head, and the reconstructed image is observed by reflecting light on a concave-mirror screen. This HMP enables open view, suppresses image distortion due to concave mirrors, achieves three degrees of freedom, and responds to changes in the user-head rotation. HMP is expected to be applied to holographic-projection techniques.
Thank you and farewell: editorial
Authors: Busch Kurt
Published: December 2024

Kurt Busch, the outgoing Editor-in-Chief of JOSA B, offers a farewell message.
Polarization customization in all-dielectric terahertz polarizers
Authors: Hu Susu , Lu Yongzheng , Huang Shaoqi , Dai Bo , Wei Li , Zhuang Songlin , Zhang Dawei
Published: December 2024

In the conventional optical systems, a series of polarizers, e.g., half-wave plates, and quarter-wave plates are used to control polarized wave. Here, we propose an innovative strategy to convert arbitrary polarization states to specific multiple polarization states by applying the cluster composed four meta-atoms on a monolayer all-dielectric metasurface. Two types of functional terahertz metalenses with customized polarization were designed. The first metalens can engender orthogonal circularly polarized waves under unpolarized wave incidence, while the second metalens can generate multiple polarization including co-polarization and cross-polarization to the incidence, the right-hand circular polarization and left-hand circular polarization. We anticipate such polarization customization scheme can be employed to develop various terahertz metalenses for potential applications in the fields of optical communication, optical sensing, biological imaging, and quantum optics.
Evaluating the impact of water vapor for aerosol and carbon dioxide detection lidar CO2 measurement onboard the atmospheric environment monitoring satellite
Authors: Chen Cheng , Fan Chuncan , Wu Zitong , Xie Yuan , Hu Jianbo , Yang Juxin , Zhu Xiaopeng , Zhang Lu , Wang Zhongting , Liu Sihan , Liu Jiqiao , Chen Weibiao
Published: December 2024

Global warming, driven by greenhouse gas emissions from human activities, poses significant environmental challenges. Accurate greenhouse gas measurement data are crucial for effective emission reduction policies and international cooperation. The spaceborne integrated path differential absorption lidar offers high precision for monitoring global atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations on both days and nights. However, its accuracy can be compromised by water vapor interference. We evaluated the impact of water vapor on CO2 detection, focusing on measurements from an aerosol and carbon dioxide detection lidar onboard the atmospheric environment monitoring satellite. The bias due to water vapor absorption was negligible. However, water vapor broadened the absorption spectrum, causing molecular interference, which could introduce considerable CO2 column concentrations (XCO2) bias. In areas with high water vapor, the bias could exceed 1 ppm. Globally, the annual average bias of XCO2 due to water vapor broadening effects was 0.42 ppm. The analysis highlights the importance to account for water vapor spectrum broadening effects, not only in spaceborne lidar measurements such as ACDL but also in other atmospheric measurement techniques to improve CO2 measurement accuracy and enhance our understanding of global climate change and the carbon cycles.
Low-cost 100 G PON based on a residual optical carrier for carrier recovery
Authors: Chen Yifan , Yu Jianjun , Wang Chen , Long Jianyu , Sang Bohan , Li Fan
Published: December 2024

We experimentally demonstrate a cost-effective dual-polarization quadrature phase shift keying (DP-QPSK) coherent passive optical network (PON) system that operates at 100 Gbits/s/λ. This system utilizes distributed feedback lasers (DFBs) and a carrier recovery algorithm facilitated by a bifunctional frequency-domain pilot tone (FPT). To reduce costs in coherent PON implementations, low-cost DFBs are employed as the sole light sources, replacing the more expensive external cavity lasers (ECLs) at both the optical line terminal (OLT) and the optical network units (ONUs). To mitigate the increased phase noise (PN) associated with the broader linewidth of DFB lasers, we introduce the straightforward residual optical carrier (ROC) method. This technique involves slight adjustments to the optical modulator bias to insert an FPT at the direct current (DC) component in the optical domain, thereby assisting in both the frequency offset equalization (FOE) and the carrier phase recovery (CPR). Additionally, digital subcarrier multiplexing (DScM), widely recognized in optical access networks for delivering diverse services, is integrated with the ROC method, incorporating an appropriate inter-subband guard interval to prevent interference between the FPT and the data signal. Experimental results demonstrate successful transmission performance for baud rates of 28 Gbaud and 32 Gbaud, respectively, achieving power budgets of 33.90 dB and 35.65 dB at the 7% hard-decision forward error correction (HD-FEC) threshold of (3.8 × 10−3) and the 20% soft-decision forward error correction (SD-FEC) threshold of (2 × 10−2), with both power budgets exceeding the required threshold of 29 dB. Furthermore, for complexity analysis of phase compensation, a comparison of the DScM–QPSK signal with and without FPT-aided CPR is conducted, demonstrating the superiority.
Assessing the quality of CKD care using process quality indicators: A scoping review
Authors: Zhou Na , Chen Chengchuan , Liu Yubei , Yu Zhaolan , Bello Aminu K. , Chen Yanhua , Liu Ping
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Assessing the quality of chronic kidney disease (CKD) management is crucial for optimal care and identifying care gaps. It is largely unknown which quality indicators have been widely used and the potential variations in the quality of CKD care. We sought to summarize process quality indicators for CKD and assess the quality of CKD care.

Methods

We searched databases including Medline (Ovid), PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Scopus from inception to June 20, 2024. Two reviewers screened the identified records, extracted relevant data, and classified categories and themes of quality indicators.

Results

We included 24 studies, extracted 30 quality indicators, and classified them into three categories with nine themes. The three categories included laboratory measures and monitoring of CKD progression and/or complications (monitoring of kidney markers, CKD mineral and bone disorder, anemia and malnutrition, electrolytes, and volume), use of guideline-recommended therapeutic agents (use of medications), and attainment of therapeutic targets (blood pressure, glycemia, and lipids). Among the frequently reported quality indicators (in five or more studies), the following have a median proportion of study participants achieving that quality indicator exceeding 50%: monitoring of kidney markers (Scr/eGFR), use of medications (ACEIs/ARBs, avoiding non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)), management of blood pressure (with a target of ≤140/90, or without specific targets), and monitoring for glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)). The presence of diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, or proteinuria was associated with higher achievement in indicators of monitoring of kidney markers, use of recommended medications, and management of blood pressure and glycemia.

Conclusion

The quality of CKD management varies with quality indicators. A more consistent and complete reporting of key quality indicators is needed for future studies assessing CKD care quality.
Revisiting the speaker discriminatory power of vowel formant frequencies under a likelihood ratio-based paradigm: The case of mismatched speaking styles
Authors: Cavalcanti Julio Cesar , Eriksson Anders , Barbosa Plinio A. , Madureira Sandra
Published: December 2024

Differentiating subjects through the comparison of their recorded speech is a common endeavor in speaker characterization. When using an acoustic-based approach, this task typically involves scrutinizing specific acoustic parameters and assessing their discriminatory capacity. This experimental study aimed to evaluate the speaker discriminatory power of vowel formants—resonance peaks in the vocal tract—in two different speaking styles: Dialogue and Interview. Different testing procedures were applied, specifically metrics compatible with the likelihood ratio paradigm. Only high-quality recordings were analyzed in this study. The participants were 20 male Brazilian Portuguese (BP) speakers from the same dialectal area. Two speaker-discriminatory power estimates were examined through Multivariate Kernel Density analysis: Log cost-likelihood ratios (Cllr) and equal error rates (EER). As expected, the discriminatory performance was stronger for style-matched analyses than for mismatched-style analyses. In order of relevance, F3, F4, and F1 performed the best in style-matched comparisons, as suggested by lower Cllr and EER values. F2 performed the worst intra-style in both Dialogue and Interview. The discriminatory power of all individual formants (F1-F4) appeared to be affected in the mismatched condition, demonstrating that discriminatory power is sensitive to style-driven changes in speech production. The combination of higher formants ‘F3 + F4’ outperformed the combination of lower formants ‘F1 + F2’. However, in mismatched-style analyses, the magnitude of improvement in Cllr and EER scores increased as more formants were incorporated into the model. The best discriminatory performance was achieved when most formants were combined. Applying multivariate analysis not only reduced average Cllr and EER scores but also influenced the overall probability distribution, shifting the probability density distribution towards lower Cllr and EER values. In general, front and central vowels were found more speaker discriminatory than back vowels as far as the ‘F1 + F2’ relation was concerned.
Evaluation of VP4-VP2 sequencing for molecular typing of human enteroviruses
Authors: Kitamura Kouichi , Arita Minetaro
Published: December 2024

Enteroviruses and rhinoviruses are highly diverse, with over 300 identified types. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays targeting their VP1, VP4, and partial VP2 (VP4-pVP2) genomic regions are used for detection and identification. The VP4-pVP2 region is particularly sensitive to RT-PCR detection, making it efficient for clinical specimen analysis. However, a standard type identification method using this region is lacking. This study aimed to establish such a method by examining the divergence of VP4-pVP2 amino acid sequences between enterovirus and rhinovirus prototypes. Pairwise analysis of 249 types indicated a 95% threshold for enterovirus intra-species identification but not for rhinovirus prototypes. Protein BLAST search analyses of representative enterovirus prototypes, including EV-A71, EV-D68, CVA6, CVA10, CVA16, and polioviruses (PVs), validated the 95% threshold for typing, with a few exceptions such as PV1-PV2 and CVA6-CVA10, as well as some EV-C types. This study proposes a criterion for typing based on VP4-pVP2 amino acids, which can aid in rapid enterovirus diagnosis during routine clinical or environmental surveillance and emergency outbreaks. Our research confirms the reliability of the suggested VP4-pVP2-based threshold for typing and its potential application in laboratory settings.
Incidence of endosymbiont bacteria Wolbachia in cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Rasool Bilal , Younis Tahira , Zafar Saba , Parvaiz Aqsa , Javed Zeeshan , Rasool Inshaal , Shakeel Muhammad
Published: December 2024

This study focuses on the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus, a globally distributed grain pest that affects cereals and pulses. Using chemicals to store grains can harm pest control and pose risks to consumers and the environment. The facultative intracellular symbiont bacteria Wolbachia can affect host’s reproductive capacities in a variety of ways, which makes it useful in the management of pests such as C. maculatus. The main goal of the study was to identify Wolbachia diversity in the C. maculatus population. Phylogenetic analysis utilized mitochondrial COI and 12S rRNA genes to identify the host C. maculatus, while screening for Wolbachia was conducted using genes (wsp, coxA, and ftsZ) genes. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Wolbachia genes resulted in one new Wolbachia strain (wCmac1) in C. maculatus populations and contrasting already published data of other Callosobruchus strains. The study discussed the detection of Wolbachia and its phylogenetic comparison with other C. maculatus and Coleopteran populations. It is important to take these findings into account when considering host-pathogen interactions.
Tagitinin A regulates an F-box gene, CPR30, to resist tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) infection in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Li Jing , Ai Xiaoman , Zhang Suhua , Zheng Xue , Zhang Lizhen , Zhang Jie , Zhao Lihua
Published: December 2024

Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) is one of the most destructive pathogens and causes serious losses in agriculture worldwide. Biogenic pesticides application may be an effective approach for defending against TSWV. Tagitinin A (Tag A) extracted from Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray has a high protective effect against TSWV infection. Tag A can induce jasmonic acid to suppress gene expression in TSWV. In this study, the F-box protein (CPR30) was mediated by Tag A, the expression of the CPR30 gene in Tag A-treated leaves was significantly higher (2 times) than that of the negative control. Furthermore, the replication of TSWV-NSm/NSs genes and the expression of TSWV-NSm/NSs proteins significantly increased after silencing the CPR30 gene in protective assays; CPR30 overexpression showed the opposite tendency. The CPR30 protein only localized and interacted with the TSWV-NSm protein. Thus, this study reveals a new mechanism by which Tag A mediates ubiquitin–protein ligase E3 (CPR30) to interact with NSm inhibite NSm replication and expression, and defend against systemic TSWV infection.
Estimating complete migration probabilities from grouped data: A methods protocol for developing a global Human Internal Migration Database
Authors: Dyrting Sigurd , Taylor Andrew
Published: December 2024

The majority of migration moves globally are internal within national borders. This makes internal migration intensities an important component for understanding the dynamics of population change according to size, composition and across geographies. While incorporating migration into demography’s quantitative framework allows a description of population change across both time and space, and mathematical and conceptual frameworks for migration have been developed, researchers lack a public repository of historical age-origin-destination-specific migration probabilities that is in a common format and spans a range of countries. Addressing this requires a robust method for inferring migration probabilities from census and survey data when there are significant levels of uncertainty from small-sample noise and age aggregation. In this paper we extend the P-TOPALS and P-spline methods for smoothing migration probabilities to apply to grouped data by ages to develop a methods protocol for a harmonised, homogeneous format and multi-nation Human Internal Migration Database. We find our method out-performs a hybrid spline-parametric method in terms of both accuracy and plausibility. We illustrate the method by estimating complete age-origin-destination migration probabilities for more than 50 countries using microdata samples from IPUMS International. This work advances the stock of migration data from which demographers and others can draw from in the analysis and projection of population change.
Children and young people’s views on disinformation: A qualitative study from Portugal
Authors: Pereira Sara , Brandão Daniel , Menezes Neumann Mariana , Toscano Margarida
Published: December 2024

This article aims to analyse the perspectives of children and young people about disinformation and news consumption. Based on the inputs of participants and their own perceptions on the matter we explore how the disinformation phenomenon is present in their daily lives, the different ways they experience and perceive its potential impact on society, as well as strategies adopted to tackle it. The analysis is based on data obtained from 38 focus groups held with 257 children and young people attending sixth (11–13 years old), ninth (14–16 years old) and twelfth (17–20 years old) grades in public schools in mainland Portugal. Results indicated that they have access to news regularly; however, it is not pursued to fulfil a particular purpose. Televised news constitutes the main source of news consumption. News broadcasted on TV are perceived as the most reliable source if compared to online information and social networks, which are considered more susceptible to fake news, although responses indicated that children and youth do not analyse information thoroughly. Disinformation is a relatively familiar issue for a portion of the participants but is seen as neither a problem nor a concern. There is a weak awareness about the impacts and consequences of this phenomenon, although there are differences according to age.
Introduction to irregular sequences and functions
Authors: Mbele Mfanufikile
Published: December 2024

The current document is the main document after the prelude: introduction to irregular sequences and functions. Be alert to the introduction of the control function which was borrowed from computer science where it is used to concatenate strings. We used it more algebraically in this paper.

We have also introduced the cardinality of n, which is used here to enumerate the number of repeats of the independent variable. It is used as well in sets but in a bit different way. In sets it provides the count of members in a set.
Primary hyperparathyroidism caused by an ectopic parathyroid adenoma in the mediastinum (case report)
Authors: Topolnitskiy Y. B. , Milovanova T. A. , Apalkov D. G. , Bibik Е. Е. , Goncharova A. I. , Tsvetukhin M. O.
Published: December 2024

Recently, primary hyperparathyroidism, which represents a medical and socially significant problem, has become increasingly relevant. The high prevalence of forms without pronounced clinical symptoms, as well as the low awareness of doctors regarding this pathology, lead to late diagnosis, delayed initiation of treatment and, as a consequence, the development of serious multisystem complications with a higher risk of premature death. At the same time, early diagnosis is based on relatively laboratory tests — serum calcium and parathyroid hormone, and visualization of the adenoma in most cases is provided by ultrasound examination and scintigraphy. This article is a case report of primary hyperparathyroidism caused by an ectopic parathyroid adenoma located in the mediastinum, when late treatment led to the patient’s long-term suffering and the development of severe complications.
Mesenteric Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Hong Junshik
Published: December 2024

Mesenteric vein thrombosis is caused by venous stasis, mesenteric venous wall injury, and systemic prothrombic conditions. It impairs venous return of intestine, causing various degrees of abdominal pain caused by bowel ischemia. Delayed diagnosis and treatment of mesenteric venous thrombosis can lead to bowel necrosis and even life-threatening condition. The current article includes the pathophysiology, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, and therapeutic approach of mesenteric vein thrombosis.
The Role Foreign Direct Invesment, Financial Development and Institutions Quality of Economic Growth Empirical Evidence From WANA Countries
Authors: Muhammad Ahsanul Amal  , Muhammad Ghafur Wibowo
Published: December 2024

Research Aims: The study investigates the impact of foreign direct investment, financial development, and institution quality on economic growth in nations located in western Asia and North Africa
Methodology: This study methodology employs a panel data regression model using a fixed effect model (FEM) strategy. The study data is collected using the information that was available between the years 2000 and 2022. The WANA nations include Saudi Arabia, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Morocco, Egypt, Oman, Qatar, Tunisia, and the United Arab Emirates.
Research Findings: The findings indicated that foreign direct investment (FDI), financial development (FD), and intellectual quotient (IQ) had an impact on economic growth. Specifically, foreign direct investment (FDI) has a beneficial and statistically substantial impact on economic development, but the quality of institutions has an adverse and statistically substantial impact on economic growth. However, financial development does not affect economic growth.
Originality: The grand theory used in this research Economic Growth, Foreign Direct Investment, Institutions Quality, Financial Development, and Export and population growth variables are controlled. variables in this study by testing three variables consisting of independent variables, dependent variables and control variables.
Research limitation and implication: The findings in this study suggest that policies implemented by governments, public institutions and academics aimed at increasing FDI, FD, and institutional quality can help improve economic growth in WANA countries.