bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing a framework for supporting the implementation of integrated water resource management (IWRM) with a decoupling strategy
Authors: Acheampong Ernest Nti , Swilling Mark , Urama Kevin
Published: April 2016

The rise of integrated water resources management (IWRM) in the global water policy discourse marks a fundamental shift in water management from the techno-centric, top-down, supply-oriented and sectoral approach towards a holistic, participatory and demand-driven approach to sustainable water management. The IWRM concept has become dominant, permeating national, regional and international water policies, backed by heavy investments and advocacy by key global actors such as the World Bank and European Union. However, its implementation success remains unimpressive, amidst strong criticisms about its conceptual clarity. More recently, the decoupling concept spearheaded by the United Nations Environment Programme and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development is gaining momentum as an alternative approach for sustainable water management. This paper reviews the two concepts both acclaimed for organizing knowledge production for sustainability. The paper examines the underlying factors that limit IWRM implementation and assesses the potentials of addressing the inadequacies of IWRM with the decoupling concept. IWRM as a process lacks a clearly defined strategy, standard measures to track the success of IWRM plans and guidance for planning and project development, while decoupling offers a viable strategy that feeds into the implementation of IWRM plan, providing strategic and operational direction towards achieving sustainability goals.
Endocrine Disruption in the Omics Era: New Views, New Hazards, New Approaches
Authors: Oliveira Eva , Barata Carlos , Piña Benjamin
Published: April 2016

The genome revolution has brought about a complete change on our view of biological systems. The quantitative determination of changes in all the major molecular components of the living cells, the "omics" approach, opened whole new fields for all health sciences, including toxicology. Endocrine disruption,i.e., the capacity of anthropogenic pollutants to alter the hormonal balance of the organisms, is one of the fields of Ecotoxicology in which omics has a relevant role. In the first place, the discovery of scores of potential targets in the genome of almost any Metazoan species studied so far, each of them being a putative candidate for interaction with endocrine disruptors. In addition, the understanding that ligands, receptors, and their physiological functions suffered fundamental variations during animal evolution makes it necessary to assess disruption effects separately for each major taxon. Fortunately, the same deal of knowledge on genes and genomes powered the development of new high-throughput techniques and holistic approaches. Genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and others, together with appropriate prediction and modeling tools, will mark the future of endocrine disruption assessment both for wildlife and humans.
Endocrine Disruptors as Pollutants in Marine Ecosystem: A Case Study in Egypt
Authors: Abdallah Maha Ahmed Mohamed
Published: April 2016

Growing populations and increasing industry and agriculture activates have increased the existence of chemicals in the aquatic environment. The variety of anthropogenic chemicals that have been identified as potential endocrine disruptors (EDCs) in the environment and the problems arising from their use as human and livestock pharmaceuticals are discussed. Sewage effluents have been identified as a source of a diverse mixture of EDCs to the aquatic environment. These waters from homes and industries include natural and synthetic hormones (estrogens, androgens), active ingredients in pharmaceuticals, metals, pesticides, personal care product additives, and industrial chemicals. Once effluents are discharged to aquatic environments, EDCs will be diluted in stream or river waters so that organisms living very close to the discharge will have the highest exposure. Aquatic organisms also readily take up and store EDCs and its metabolites. Exposure to endocrine active compounds remains poorly characterized in developing countries despite the fact that behavioral practices related to westernization have the potential to influence exposure. Thus, in Egypt for example, it is likely that women in urban areas have a higher exposure to environmental hormonal risk factors, possibly xenoestrogens (EDCs) with regards to known risk factors of uterine and breast cancer.
Bioremediation of Waters Polluted by Endocrine Disruptors by Means of the Process of Thermodialysis
Authors: Mita Damiano G. , Forte Maurizio , Mita Luigi
Published: April 2016

The advantages in using catalytic hydrophobic membranes in bioreactors operating under non-isothermal conditions, process of thermodialysis, for remediation of aqueous systems polluted by Endocrine Disruptors are discussed and illustrated. In presence of a transmembrane temperature gradient the enzyme activity increases along the yield of the bioremediation process. The theoretical bases accounting for the enzyme activity increase are highlighted and results supporting the theoretical approach are shown. An overview of the catalytic systems used towards different Endocrine Disruptors is listed.
Stress Analysis of Oil Pipe Bend in a Hilly Region Under Pigging Conditions
Authors: Liu Enbin , Zhu Shujun , Wang Di , Liu Linlin
Published: April 2016

Pigging is a significant part of a pipeline system that is required for
production and operational maintenance. However, if the bend is not set
properly, it is likely to cause congestion, which could cause the pipeline
system to deviate from its normal operation or even lead to cracks or explosions
due to overloaded stress. Due to the potential risk mentioned above, this report
aims to build an oil pipeline model using the finite software CAESAR II and
analyze the stress in the bend of an oil pipe under pigging conditions in a
hilly region. Based on the comparison of the maximum stress in a pipe bend using
different angles, the author concludes that to guarantee the safety and
efficiency of the pipeline system, the angle of the pipe bend should be limited
within a safe range of 15-40° under pigging conditions.
Three-Dimensional Computed Tomographic Analysis for Comminution of Pertrochanteric Femoral Fracture: Comminuted Anterior Cortex as a Predictor of Cutting Out
Authors: Tsukada Sachiyuki , Wakui Motohiro , Yoshizawa Hiroshi , Miyao Masunao , Honma Takeshi
Published: April 2016

Background:

Fixed angle sliding hip screw devices allow controlled impaction between the head neck fragment and the femoral shaft fragment in the surgical treatment of pertrochanteric fractures. This study was performed to evaluate the frequency and pattern of comminution at the fracture site, which may prevent the intended impaction.

Materials and Methods:

Three-dimensional computed tomography was used to investigate 101 pertrochanteric fractures treated with fixed angle sliding hip screw devices, with emphasis on the comminuted cortex. A comminuted fracture was defined as a fracture that had a third fracture fragment at the main fracture line.

Results:

There were 40 fractures without comminution and 61 with comminution. All 61 comminuted fractures had a comminuted posterior cortex, and 3 of 61 fractures also had comminution at the anterior cortex. The prevalence of cutting out of the implant from the femoral head was significantly higher in cases involving comminution at both the posterior and anterior cortices than in cases involving comminution only at the posterior cortex (66.7 % and 3.4 %,p< 0.0001).

Conclusion:

The posterior cortex was comminuted in 60.4% of pertrochanteric fractures and the anterior cortex in 3.0%. Intended impaction at the fracture site could not be obtained at any cortex in cases with comminution at both the anterior and posterior cortices; comminution at the anterior cortex may be a predictor of cutting out.
Thermochemistry of MgCr2O4, MgAl2O4, MgFe2O4 spinels in SO2−O2−SO3 atmosphere
Authors: Gerle Anna , Piotrowski Jerzy , Podwórny Jacek
Published: April 2016

The present paper investigates high-temperature sulphate corrosion of basic
refractory ceramics containing magnesium spinels (MgAl2O4, MgFe2O4, MgCr2O4
and their solid solutions) widely used in metallurgy, chemical, ceramic and
glass industry. This group of refractories are exposed to a number of
destructive factors during a working campaign. One of such factors is gas
corrosion caused by sulphur oxides. However, gas sulphate corrosion of basic
refractory materials containing magnesium spinels, which has a great
practical meaning for the corrosion resistance of the material main
components, is not sufficiently examined. This work presents a thermodynamic
analysis of (MgCr2O4, MgAl2O4, MgFe2O4)?SO2?O2?SO3 system aimed to calculate:
i) the standard free enthalpy of chemical reactions, ii) the equilibrium
composition of the gas mixture initially containing SO2 and O2 and iii)
sulphates equilibrium dissociation pressure and equilibrium partial pressure
for the reaction of SO3 with the spinels to predict the temperature range of
corrosion products? stability. A thermochemical calculation provides
information about equilibrium state in the analysed system. In real
conditions the state of equilibrium does not have to be achieved. For this
reason, the results of calculations were compared with experimental data. The
experiment results were consistent with the theoretical predictions.
Simulated magnetocaloric properties of MnCr2O4 spinel
Authors: Hamad Mahmoud
Published: April 2016

The magnetocaloric properties of MnCr2O4 spinel have been simulated based on
a phenomenological model. The simulation of magnetization as function of
temperature is used to explore magnetocaloric properties such as magnetic
entropy change, heat capacity change, and relative cooling power. The
results imply the prospective application of MnCr2O4 spinel to achieve
magnetocaloric effect at cryogenic temperatures (20-60K) near Curie
temperatures (38-44K). According to the obtained results it is recommended
that MnCr2O4 spinel can be used as a promising practical material in the
active magnetic regenerator cycle that cools hydrogen gas.
A new design method for fluidized bed conversion of largely heterogeneous binary fuels
Authors: Szentannai Pal , Pláveczky György , Sándor Csaba , Szűcs Tibor , Ősz János , Renner Károly
Published: April 2016

Binary fuels of a fluidized bed combustor or gasifier are solids composed of two groups of particles. Their optimal handling in the same bed becomes rather difficult if their hydrodynamic properties differ by two orders of magnitude or more. Both of these fuel classes are directly fed into the reactor in most cases but the rather homogeneous fuel originally fed switches into a binary character inside the reactor in some others. A typical example of the latter case is the thermal utilization of rubber wastes. A novel design is proposed in the present paper by setting up a non-mixing, non-elutriated binary bed. Design criteria and procedure are formulated as well. One of the known calculation methods is proposed to be applied for assuring a segregated bed by means of choosing the bed components, geometry, and gas velocity conveniently. Cold model experiments are proposed to be applied for assuring no elutriation of the fine fuel particles and no sinking of the coarse fuel particles in the same time. A simple experiment is proposed for determining the common minimum fluidization velocity of the binary bed because known calculation methods can not be applied here.
Hydrodynamic experiments on a small-scale circulating fluidized bed reactor at elevated operating pressure, and under an O2/CO2 environment
Authors: Sarbassov Yerbol , Zayoud Azd , Mahanta Pinakeswar , Gu Sai , Ranganathan Panneerselvam , Saha Ujjwal
Published: April 2016

Pressurized circulating fluidized bed technology is a potentially promising development for clean coal technologies. The current work explores the hydrodynamics of a small-scale circulating fluidized bed at elevated operating pressures ranging from 0.10 to 0.25 MPa. The initial experiments were performed at atmospheric pressure with air and O2/CO2 environments as the fluidization gas to simulate the hydrodynamics in a circulating fluidized bed. A comparison between the effects of air and O2/CO2 mixtures on the hydrodynamics was outlined in this paper for particles of 160 ?m diameter. A small but distinct effect on axial void-age was observed due to the change in gas density in the dense zone of the bed at lower gas velocity, while only minimal differences were noticed at higher gas velocities. The hydrodynamic parameters such as pressure drop and axial voidage profile along the height were reported at two different bed inventories (0.5 and 0.75 kg) for three mean particle sizes of 160, 302, and 427 ?m and three superficial gas velocities. It was observed that the operating pressure had a significant effect on the hydrodynamic parameters of bed pressure drop and axial bed void-age profiles. The effect of solids loading resulted in an exponential change in pressure drop profile at atmospheric pressure as well as at elevated pressure. The experimental results on hydrodynamic parameters are in reasonable agreement with published observations in the literature.
An approximate solution to the transient space-fractional diffusion equation: Integral-balance approach, optimization problems and analyzes
Authors: Hristov Jordan
Published: April 2016

This paper presents approximate analytical solutions of an initial-boundary
value problem of fractional partial differential diffusion equation with
spatial Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative. The proposed approximate
solutions are based on the concept of a finite penetration depth with the
integral-balance method and series expansions of the assumed parabolic
profile with undefined exponent. Optimization problems referring to optimal
exponents of the assumed parabolic have been developed.
Evaluation of Radiopacity of Bulk-fill Flowable Composites Using Digital Radiography
Authors: Tarcin B , Gumru B , Peker S , Ovecoglu HS
Published: April 2016

New flowable composites that may be bulk-filled in layers up to 4 mm are indicated as a base beneath posterior composite restorations. Sufficient radiopacity is one of the several important requirements such materials should meet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiopacity of bulk-fill flowable composites and to provide a comparison with conventional flowable composites using digital imaging. Ten standard specimens (5 mm in diameter, 1 mm in thickness) were prepared from each of four different bulk-fill flowable composites and nine different conventional flowable composites. Radiographs of the specimens were taken together with 1-mm-thick tooth slices and an aluminum step wedge using a digital imaging system. For the radiographic exposures, a storage phosphor plate and a dental x-ray unit at 70 kVp and 8 mA were used. The object-to-focus distance was 30 cm, and the exposure time was 0.2 seconds. The gray values of the materials were measured using the histogram function of the software available with the system, and radiopacity was calculated as the equivalent thickness of aluminum. The data were analyzed statistically (p<0.05). All of the tested bulk-fill flowable composites showed significantly higher radiopacity values in comparison with those of enamel, dentin, and most of the conventional flowable composites (p<0.05). Venus Bulk Fill (Heraeus Kulzer) provided the highest radiopacity value, whereas Arabesk Flow (Voco) showed the lowest. The order of the radiopacity values for the bulk-fill flowable composites was as follows: Venus Bulk Fill (Heraeus Kulzer) ≥ X-tra Base (Voco) > SDR (Dentsply DeTrey) ≥ Filtek Bulk Fill (3M ESPE). To conclude, the bulk-fill flowable restorative materials, which were tested in this study using digital radiography, met the minimum standard of radiopacity specified by the International Standards Organization.
Early School Adjustment and Educational Attainment
Authors: Magnuson Katherine , Duncan Greg J. , Lee Kenneth T. H. , Metzger Molly W.
Published: April 2016

Although school attainment is a cumulative process combining mastery of both academic and behavioral skills, most studies have offered only a piecemeal view of the associations between middle-childhood capacities and subsequent schooling outcomes. Using a 20-year longitudinal data set, this study estimates the association between children’s academic skills, antisocial behaviors, and attention problems—all averaged across middle childhood—and their long-term educational outcomes. After adjusting for family and individual background measures, we find that high average levels of math and reading achievement, and low average levels of antisocial behavior problems, are positively associated with later attainment. Associations between attention problems and attainment are small. Associations are attenuated somewhat when sibling differences in these skills and behaviors are related to sibling differences in attainment outcomes.
Model specification tests and the estimation of treatment effects: An application with random and non-random administrative records
Authors: Chen Tao , Couch Kenneth A.
Published: April 2016

In addition to existing model specification tests based on over identifying information from pre-program periods, this paper conducts a new nonparametric test based on the concept of unconditional bounding. This test has the advantage that it does not require pre-program information on participants. The nonparametric bounding test yields similar information about model misspecification to the standard test based on over identifying information. As an illustration, we apply the test to administrative records from the Jobs First experiment in Connecticut. Records on other welfare recipients are used to provide quasi-experimental panel regression estimates of the impact of time limiting benefits on labor market earnings.
Characterization of poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate)/ Sisal Fiber/Clay bio-composites Prepared by Casting Technique
Authors: Tengsuthiwat Jiratti , Boonyasopon Pawinee , Dangtungee Rapeephun , Siengchin Suchart
Published: April 2016

Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate)(PHBV) biocomposites containing of sisal fibers and clay particles were prepared by solution casting technique. Silane (Bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)-tetrasulfide) treatment has been used to modify surface of sisal fiber and enhance the properties of related PHBV composites. The mechanical and thermal properties of the PHBV composites were determined in uniaxial tensile, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. The dispersion of the sisal fiber and clay in the PHBV was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All PHBV based composites were subject to water absorption. It was found that the tensile and storage modulus of PHBV/5 wt.% sisal composites was improved by maximum 7 % and 10 % respectively. Treated silane of sisal fiber at 5 wt.% was found to enhance tensile modulus by 12 % as compared to the neat PHBV. In corporation of 3 wt.% clay in PHBV matrix increased the tensile and storage modulus by 8 % and 16 % respectively, compared to the neat PHBV. Note that this feature was also confirmed by SEM. Moreover, water uptake and the diffusion coefficient of the PHBV composites systems studied was also calculated.
Effect of Trihexiphenidyl and Procyclidine for the management of resting tremor
Authors: Habib Md Ahsan , Alamgir ASM , Dey Subash Kanti , Alam Afroja , Asafuddoula Ahmed , Rizvi Abu Nasir
Published: April 2016

Parkinsons disease is the main etiology of resting tremor but may also rarely occur in Essential Tremor, Multiple System Atrophy & Progressive Suprneuclear Palsy. Levodopa improves bradykinesia, rigidity and other commonly associated symptoms. When resting tremor is the predominant presenting symptom of Parkinson's disease or when tremor persists despite adequate control of other parkinsonian symptoms with low dosages of levodopa, an anticholinergic agent such as trihexyphenidyl or Procyclidine may be the treatment of choice. This prospective interventional study was carried out in the department of Neurology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from March, 2014 to June, 2014 with the intention to outline effectiveness, similarities and differences between Trihexyphenidyl and Procyclidine in alleviating resting tremor. For Parkinsons disease, patients presenting with predominant tremor but minimal bradykinesia and rigidity were purposively selected for the study. Resting tremor was assessed by united parkinsons disease rating scale (UPDRS). A total of 30 consecutive patients, both male and female, having resting tremor due to different etiology & attending both indoor and outpatient department of Neurology, BSMMU were randomized to receive either Trihexyphenidyl or Procyclidine for two weeks. For most of the patients (93%) resting tremor were due to Parkinsons disease and only 7% were due to Essential tremor. In case of Trihexiphenidyl, constancy and amplitude of resting tremor were improved in 60% and 80% respectively. In case of Procyclidine, constancy and amplitude of resting tremor were imoroved 87% and 67% respectively. The difference of improvement between Trihexiphenidyl group and Procyclidine group was not statistically significant.Bangladesh Med J. 2015 May; 44 (2): 72-75
Association of streptococcal throat infection with plaque psoriasis
Authors: Bhuiyan Mohammed Saiful Islam , Sultana Abida , Rabin Farzana , Haque AKM Rejaul , Zakaria ASM
Published: April 2016

The association of streptococcal sore throat with guttate psoriasis is well established, but its association with psoriasis vulgaris is not yet clear. This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the department of Dermatology and Venereology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from June, 2012 to February 2013 with the intention to ascertain whether streptococcal throat infections are more common in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis. Antistreptolysin O (ASO) titre and culture for ?-haemolytic streptococci was done among thirty four patients with chronic plaque type psoriasis and same number of normal healthy controls. Raised ASO titre was found in 26.5% of patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 11.8% of normal healthy controls (p>0.05). Culture of throat swab for streptococcus ?-haemolyticus was positive in 20.6% of psoriatics and none of controls. Laboratory evidences of streptococcal throat infection are more common in patients with chronic plaque type psoriasis. More clinical trials to see the e_cacy of anti-streptococcal therapy and tonsillectomy in plaque psoriasis should be carried out.Bangladesh Med J. 2015 May; 44 (2): 102-104
Internet of DNA: A global network of millions of genomes could be medicines next great advance
Authors: Riyad Mehedi Hasan
Published: April 2016

Abstract not availableBangladesh Med J. 2015 May; 44 (2): 118-119
Development of an Abbe Error Free Micro Coordinate Measuring Machine
Authors: Huang Qiangxian , Wu Kui , Wang Chenchen , Li Ruijun , Fan Kuang-Chao , Fei Yetai
Published: April 2016

A micro Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) with the measurement volume of 50 mm × 50 mm × 50 mm and measuring accuracy of about 100 nm (2σ) has been developed. In this new micro CMM, an XYZ stage, which is driven by three piezo-motors in X, Y and Z directions, can achieve the drive resolution of about 1 nm and the stroke of more than 50 mm. In order to reduce the crosstalk among X-, Y- and Z-stages, a special mechanical structure, which is called co-planar stage, is introduced. The movement of the stage in each direction is detected by a laser interferometer. A contact type of probe is adopted for measurement. The center of the probe ball coincides with the intersection point of the measuring axes of the three laser interferometers. Therefore, the metrological system of the CMM obeys the Abbe principle in three directions and is free from Abbe error. The CMM is placed in an anti-vibration and thermostatic chamber for avoiding the influence of vibration and temperature fluctuation. A series of experimental results show that the measurement uncertainty within 40 mm among X, Y and Z directions is about 100 nm (2σ). The flatness of measuring face of the gauge block is also measured and verified the performance of the developed micro CMM.
Waste Heat Recovery of a PEMFC System by Using Organic Rankine Cycle
Authors: He Tianqi , Shi Rongqi , Peng Jie , Zhuge Weilin , Zhang Yangjun
Published: April 2016

In this study, two systems are brought forward to recover the waste heat of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), which are named the organic Rankine cycle (ORC), and heat pump (HP) combined organic Rankine cycle (HPORC). The performances of both systems are simulated on the platform of MATLAB with R123, R245fa, R134a, water, and ethanol being selected as the working fluid, respectively. The results show that, for PEMFC where operating temperature is constantly kept at 60 °C, there exists an optimum working temperature for each fluid in ORC and HPORC. In ORC, the maximal net power can be achieved with R245fa being selected as the working fluid. The corresponding thermal efficiency of the recovery system is 4.03%. In HPORC, the maximal net power can be achieved with water being selected in HP and R123 in ORC. The thermal efficiency of the recovery system increases to 4.73%. Moreover, the possibility of using ORC as the cooling system of PEMFC is also studied. The heat released from PEMFC stack is assumed to be wholly recovered by the ORC or HPORC system. The results indicate that the HPORC system is much more feasible for the cooling system of a PEMFC stack, since the heat recovery ability can be promoted due to the presence of HP.
Thermal Efficiency of Cogeneration Units with Multi-Stage Reheating for Russian Municipal Heating Systems
Authors: Lisin Evgeny , Sobolev Alexander , Strielkowski Wadim , Garanin Ivan
Published: April 2016

This paper explores the layout of an optimum process for supplying heat to Russian municipal heating systems operating in a market environment. We analyze and compare the standard cogeneration unit design with two-stage reheating of service water coming from controlled extraction locations and layouts that employ three in-line reheaters with heat the supply controlled by a rotary diaphragm and qualitative/quantitative methods (so-called “uncontrolled extraction”). Cogeneration unit designs are benchmarked in terms of their thermal efficiency expressed as a fuel consumption rate. The specific fuel consumption rate on electricity production is viewed as a key parameter of thermal efficiency.
Nutrient Status and Contamination Risks from Digested Pig Slurry Applied on a Vegetable Crops Field
Authors: Zhang Shaohui , Hua Yumei , Deng Liangwei
Published: April 2016

The effects of applied digested pig slurry on a vegetable crops field were studied. The study included a 3-year investigation on nutrient characteristics, heavy metals contamination and hygienic risks of a vegetable crops field in Wuhan, China. The results showed that, after anaerobic digestion, abundant N, P and K remained in the digested pig slurry while fecal coliforms, ascaris eggs, schistosoma eggs and hookworm eggs were highly reduced. High Cr, Zn and Cu contents in the digested pig slurry were found in spring. Digested pig slurry application to the vegetable crops field led to improved soil fertility. Plant-available P in the fertilized soils increased due to considerable increase in total P content and decrease in low-availability P fraction. The As content in the fertilized soils increased slightly but significantly (p = 0.003) compared with control. The Hg, Zn, Cr, Cd, Pb, and Cu contents in the fertilized soils did not exceed the maximum permissible contents for vegetable crops soils in China. However, high Zn accumulation should be of concern due to repeated applications of digested pig slurry. No fecal coliforms, ascaris eggs, schistosoma eggs or hookworm eggs were detected in the fertilized soils.
Comparative Analysis of Volatile Composition in Chinese Truffles via GC × GC/HR-TOF/MS and Electronic Nose
Authors: Zhang Ning , Chen Haitao , Sun Baoguo , Mao Xueying , Zhang Yuyu , Zhou Ying
Published: April 2016

To compare the volatile compounds of Chinese black truffle and white truffle from Yunnan province, this study presents the application of a direct solvent extraction/solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (DSE-SAFE) coupled with a comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HR-TOF/MS) and an electronic nose. Both of the analytical methods could distinguish the aroma profile of the two samples. In terms of the overall profile of truffle samples in this research, more kinds of acids were detected via the method of DSE-SAFE. Besides, compounds identified in black truffle (BT), but not in white truffle (WT), or vice versa, and those detected in both samples at different levels were considered to play an important role in differentiating the two samples. According to the analysis of electronic nose, the two samples could be separated, as well.
Diabetes Mellitus Induces Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology: Histopathological Evidence from Animal Models
Authors: Kimura Nobuyuki
Published: April 2016

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the major causative disease of dementia and is characterized pathologically by the accumulation of senile plaques (SPs) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain. Although genetic studies show that β-amyloid protein (Aβ), the major component of SPs, is the key factor underlying AD pathogenesis, it remains unclear why advanced age often leads to AD. Interestingly, several epidemiological and clinical studies show that type II diabetes mellitus (DM) patients are more likely to exhibit increased susceptibility to AD. Moreover, growing evidence suggests that there are several connections between the neuropathology that underlies AD and DM, and there is evidence that the experimental induction of DM can cause cognitive dysfunction, even in rodent animal models. This mini-review summarizes histopathological evidence that DM induces AD pathology in animal models and discusses the possibility that aberrant insulin signaling is a key factor in the induction of AD pathology.
A Mismatch EndoNuclease Array-Based Methodology (MENA) for Identifying Known SNPs or Novel Point Mutations
Authors: Comeron Josep , Reed Jordan , Christie Matthew , Jacobs Julia , Dierdorff Jason , Eberl Daniel , Manak J.
Published: April 2016

Accurate and rapid identification or confirmation of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), point mutations and other human genomic variation facilitates understanding the genetic basis of disease. We have developed a new methodology (called MENA (Mismatch EndoNuclease Array)) pairing DNA mismatch endonuclease enzymology with tiling microarray hybridization in order to genotype both known point mutations (such as SNPs) as well as identify previously undiscovered point mutations and small indels. We show that our assay can rapidly genotype known SNPs in a human genomic DNA sample with 99% accuracy, in addition to identifying novel point mutations and small indels with a false discovery rate as low as 10%. Our technology provides a platform for a variety of applications, including: (1) genotyping known SNPs as well as confirming newly discovered SNPs from whole genome sequencing analyses; (2) identifying novel point mutations and indels in any genomic region from any organism for which genome sequence information is available; and (3) screening panels of genes associated with particular diseases and disorders in patient samples to identify causative mutations. As a proof of principle for using MENA to discover novel mutations, we report identification of a novel allele of the beethoven (btv) gene in Drosophila, which encodes a ciliary cytoplasmic dynein motor protein important for auditory mechanosensation.
Characteristics of Side-by-Side Vehicle Crashes and Related Injuries as Determined Using Newspaper Reports from Nine U.S. States
Authors: Jennissen Charles , Harland Karisa , Denning Gerene
Published: April 2016

Side-by-side (SxS) vehicles have become increasingly popular, but there are few reports on injury epidemiology. Newspaper reports of SxS and all-terrain vehicle (ATV) crashes were analyzed for nine U.S. states from 2009 to 2011, including comparisons between the two vehicle types. Seventy-nine SxS crashes involving 104 injured victims were identified; three-fourths were males. There was a relatively high percentage of injured passengers (37%), and a higher proportion of female victims were passengers as compared to males (p = 0.015). Children <16 years of age were 44% of those injured and had the highest proportion of both passenger and operator victims as compared to other age groups. Over half of the crashes occurred on roadways; nearly two-fifths occurred at night. As compared to adults, a lower percentage of crashes involving youth were at night (p = 0.0037) but the percentages on roadways were similar. Only one in five roadway SxS crashes involved a collision with a motorized vehicle. Rollovers were the most common mechanism (50%). Two-thirds of victims were ejected, and one-half were struck or pinned by the vehicle. Twenty-eight deaths (27%) were reported. Although most current SxSs have roll bars, lack of safety belt use has likely reduced their benefit. Children should be prohibited from operating SxSs.
Stereoselective amine-thiourea-catalysed sulfa-Michael/nitroaldol cascade approach to 3,4,5-substituted tetrahydrothiophenes bearing a quaternary stereocenter
Authors: Meninno Sara , Volpe Chiara , Della Sala Giorgio , Capobianco Amedeo , Lattanzi Alessandra
Published: April 2016

An investigation on the stereoselective cascade sulfa-Michael/aldol reaction of nitroalkenes and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol to 3,4,5-substituted tetrahydrothiophenes, bearing a quaternary stereocenter, is presented. A secondary amine thiourea derived from (R,R)-1,2-diphenylethylamine was found to be the most effective catalyst when using trans-β-methyl-β-nitrostyrenes affording the heterocyclic products in good yields and moderate stereoselectivities.
EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON HISTORICAL MASONRY WALL SPECIMENS TESTED IN SHEAR-COMPRESSION CONFIGURATION
Authors: Fabio Franco Di , Gregori Amedeo , Totani Matteo
Published: April 2016

The paper presents the experimental investigation carried out on wall specimens reproducing the ancient masonry of several monumental building located in the old city centre of L'Aquila (Italy) and damaged by the April 2009 earthquake. The wall specimens were prepared in accordance with the traditional technique, using original stone elements and typical poor mortar. Subsequently, the specimens were consolidated with mortar injections. Other specimens were also reinforced with Ultra High Tensile Strength Steel wires applied as coating technique (not wrapped). Shear-compression tests were carried out on the wall specimens to evaluate the effects of the reinforcements both in terms of final stiffness and strength of the specimens. A non-linear Finite Element Model (FEM) was developed to reproduce the experimental tests and to better understand the damage phenomena. The load-displacement curves predicted by the FEM compared quite well with the experimental ones. The failure mode of the specimens was properly captured by the FEM. The effectiveness of the external reinforcement was proved to strictly depend on the coating adhesiveness to the walls surface. The premature debonding of the external reinforcement was demonstrated to cause the fragile post-peak behaviour during both the actual experimental test and the numerical simulations.
NONLINEAR MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE FRAMES
Authors: Ng Pui Lam , Lam Jeffery Yuet Kee , Kwan Albert Kwok Hung
Published: April 2016

Full range analysis of reinforced concrete (RC) members covering the post-crack and post-peak regimes is important for obtaining the deformation response and failure mode of structural members. When a RC member is subject to an increasing external load, the critical sections would exhibit cracking and/or softening. Due to stress relief effect in the proximity of crack opening and plastic hinging, unloading may occur at the adjacent regions. The variable stress states of discrete sections would lead to sectional variation of stiffness, which could not be accounted for by conventional structural analysis methods. In this paper, a nonlinear multilevel analysis method for RC frames whereby the frame members are divided into sub-elements and sectional analysis is utilised to evaluate stiffness degradation and strength deterioration is developed. At sectional level, the secant stiffness is determined from moment-curvature relation, where the curvature is evaluated based on both transverse displacements and section rotations of the frame member. Unloading and reloading behaviour of concrete and reinforcing steel is simulated. In implementing the multilevel analysis, secant iteration is performed in each step of displacement increment to obtain the convergent solution satisfying equilibrium. Numerical example of RC frame is presented to demonstrate the applicability and accuracy of the proposed nonlinear multilevel analysis method.
TRANSIENT X-RAY SOURCE POPULATION IN THE MAGELLANIC-TYPE GALAXY NGC 55
Authors: Jithesh V. , Wang Zhongxiang
Published: April 2016

We present the spectral and temporal properties of 15 candidate transient X-ray sources detected in archival XMM-Newton and Chandra observations of the nearby Magellanic-type, SB(s)m galaxy NGC 55. Based on an X-ray color classification scheme, the majority of the sources may be identified as X-ray binaries (XRBs), and six sources are soft, including a likely supernova remnant. We perform a detailed spectral and variability analysis of the data for two bright candidate XRBs. Both sources displayed strong short-term X-ray variability, and their X-ray spectra and hardness ratios are consistent with those of XRBs. These results, combined with their high X-ray luminosities (∼1038 erg s−1), strongly suggest that they are black hole (BH) binaries. Seven less luminous sources have spectral properties consistent with those of neutron star or BH XRBs in both normal and high-rate accretion modes, but one of them is the likely counterpart to a background galaxy (because of positional coincidence). From our spectral analysis, we find that the six soft sources are candidate super soft sources (SSSs) with dominant emission in the soft (0.3–2 keV) X-ray band. Archival Hubble Space Telescope optical images for seven sources are available, and the data suggest that most of them are likely to be high-mass XRBs. Our analysis has revealed the heterogeneous nature of the transient population in NGC 55 (six high-mass XRBs, one low-mass XRBs, six SSSs, one active galactic nucleus), helping establish the similarity of the X-ray properties of this galaxy to those of other Magellanic-type galaxies.
DYNAMICAL CONSTRAINTS ON THE CORE MASS OF HOT JUPITER HAT-P-13B
Authors: Buhler Peter B. , Knutson Heather A. , Batygin Konstantin , Fulton Benjamin J. , Fortney Jonathan J. , Burrows Adam , Wong Ian
Published: April 2016

HAT-P-13b is a Jupiter-mass transiting exoplanet that has settled onto a stable, short-period, and mildly eccentric orbit as a consequence of the action of tidal dissipation and perturbations from a second, highly eccentric, outer companion. Owing to the special orbital configuration of the HAT-P-13 system, the magnitude of HAT-P-13b's eccentricity (e

b
) is in part dictated by its Love number (

k

2

b

), which is in turn a proxy for the degree of central mass concentration in its interior. Thus, the measurement of e

b
constrains

k

2

b

and allows us to place otherwise elusive constraints on the mass of HAT-P-13b's core (M
core,b). In this study we derive new constraints on the value of e

b
by observing two secondary eclipses of HAT-P-13b with the Infrared Array Camera on board the Spitzer Space Telescope. We fit the measured secondary eclipse times simultaneously with radial velocity measurements and find that e

b
 = 0.00700 ± 0.00100. We then use octupole-order secular perturbation theory to find the corresponding

k

2

b

=

0.31

−
0.05

+
0.08

. Applying structural evolution models, we then find, with 68% confidence, that M
core,b is less than 25 Earth masses (M
⊕). The most likely value is M
core,b = 11 M
⊕, which is similar to the core mass theoretically required for runaway gas accretion. This is the tightest constraint to date on the core mass of a hot Jupiter. Additionally, we find that the measured secondary eclipse depths, which are in the 3.6 and 4.5 μm bands, best match atmospheric model predictions with a dayside temperature inversion and relatively efficient day–night circulation.
Les adultes dans le processus de reconnaissance et de validation des acquis de l’expérience : quelles transitions et (trans)formations ?
Authors: Cavaco Carmen
Published: April 2016

Ce texte, appuyé sur une recherche qualitative menée auprès des adultes qui ont réalisé un processus de reconnaissance et de validation des acquis de l’expérience, au Portugal, a pour objectif d’identifier et d’analyser ce processus en tant que transition, transformation et formation. L’analyse est basée sur les entretiens biographiques qui ont été conduits auprès de quatorze adultes ayant obtenu une certification scolaire grâce au processus de reconnaissance et de validation des acquis de l’expérience. L’analyse de leur discours permet de dire que ce processus a été vécu en tant que transition dans leur vie, accompagné par d’importantes transformations et par un processus de formation qui touche la dimension existentielle.
The Next Generation of Technology: Mobile Apps in the English Language Classroom
Authors: Eppard Jenny , Nasser Omaima , Reddy Preeya
Published: April 2016

The purpose of this research was to make suggestions for choosing Apps for a Foundation level English program in the United Arab Emirates. The program had to prepare for the integration of iPads into the English program for approximately 800 students. To prepare, the program launched a pilot study with a small group of teachers, administrators and technology specialists. We used qualitative research to fulfill our research needs which included participant diaries, focus groups, a research journal and observations. From the data, we developed a list of criteria for choosing Apps and a process for selecting Apps.
On Data Sharing in Educational Processes
Authors: Daradkeh Yousef Ibrahim , Al-Dhaifallah Mujahed , Namiot Dmitry
Published: April 2016

In this paper, we present one model for data sharing in educational classes. Typically, Learning Management Systems present data stores for keeping educational materials as well as the conversations between teachers and students. In our model, we propose a peer to peer data exchange via smartphones. With the high penetration of smartphones across students, the ability to support one-to-one communication with teachers could be a good add-on for the traditional learning support systems. This ability could be especially useful for on-demand organized classes, where the standard support is very costly.
Project Based Learning in Teaching Communication Skills in English as a Foreign Language to Engineering Students
Authors: Kovalyova Yulia Yurievna , Soboleva Alexandra Vladimirovna , Kerimkulov Argen
Published: April 2016

The aim of this paper is to consider project based learning as one of the most efficient and productive methods used in teaching English as a foreign language to engineering students of Russian technical universities. Special emphasis is put on communication skills to be mastered by future engineers through project based learning. It is of great importance to note that highly developed oral and written communication skills are valuable for engineering students wishing to become successful and competitive in the international arena. Hence, engineering students must be trained well to develop their communication skills in English in the field of professional activity, mainly in the science research area. An inter-disciplinary project designed on the basis of project based learning for the second year students of Tomsk Polytechnic University is reviewed in this work. The authors come to the conclusion that project based learning is an ideal teaching method since it allows engineering students to improve significantly their oral and written communication skills as well as apply the content knowledge in the field of their professional activity within the English language course.
Developing an Online Self-learning System of Indonesian Pronunciation for Foreign Learners
Authors: Muljono _ , Sumpeno Surya , Arifianto Dhany , Aikawa Kiyoaki , Purnomo Mauridhi Hery
Published: April 2016

The main part of learning a language is pronunciation. In language learning method, pronunciation practice requires more portion than the language theory. There are some obstacles experienced by foreign learners to learn Indonesian because they are still strongly influenced by their mother tongue which is really different from Indonesian. There are some courses of learning Indonesian, indeed, but the foreign learners have to stay in Indonesia to join them. On the other hand, the researchers have successfully proven that the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can help the learners in learning a language. In this paper, we have developed a system of the Online Self-Learning of Indonesian Pronunciation for Foreign Learner using Indonesian Text to Audio Visual Speech which is able to help the foreign learners to overcome their obstacles in learning Indonesian, especially the pronunciation. This system consists of 2(two) application modules: Indonesian Text to Speech (ITTS) and Indonesian Text to Audio Visual Speech (ITTAVS). In order to find out whether this system is feasible or not for foreign learners’ skill in pronouncing the Indonesian words, a subjective measurement using subjective test Mean Opinion Score (MOS) is used. We organized native speakers (Indonesians) as the participants of this test. Some of them are lecturers of Indonesian language and can be considered as experts. The average scores (using MOS scale) of the tests given showed a promising result. This system is dedicated to the foreign learners who need to improve their skill in pronouncing the Indonesian words accurately and to change the classical method of learning into a self-learning method.
A Comparative Study of E-learning Platform in Reading and Translating Course for Engineering Students
Authors: Shi Xue
Published: April 2016

Web-based learning environments are being more widely used in higher education to support face to face teaching activities. Universities in Europe, the United States, and other developed countries extensively use e-learning platforms; however, this is still in the trial stage in Chinese universities and educational institutions. Moodle has been considered as an interactive e-learning tool to motivate students and involve them in resolving both individual and collaborative tasks. In order to improve class attendance and homework assignments submission, an e-course was developed via Moodle and proved to be a positive teaching/learning experience. Following this study, a series of conclusions can be drawn concerning its benefits in terms of stimulating students’ interest in homework tasks and increasing their frequency of interaction with teachers and among colleagues.