bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vibration control of a bi-disk rotor using electro-rheological elastomers
Authors: Sakly Faiza , Chouchane Mnaouar
Published: April 2022

Smart materials are widely used for vibration control of rotating machines. This paper considers the control of vibration of a bi-disk rotor bearing system using electro-rheological elastomer (ERE) rings inserted in the bearings. The bi-disk rotor is selected so that vibration response can be studied in a rotating speed range which includes the first two critical speeds. The rotor bearing system is modelled using the finite element method taking into account the gyroscopic effect of the rotor and the internal damping of the shaft. The influence of the active elastomer when it is subjected to different levels of the electric field on the critical speeds is first investigated. Then, the vibration response is determined for both steady-state and transient running up and running down conditions. Simulation results show the potentials of the ERE when used in passive mode for vibration reduction in the steady-state and transient running up and down conditions of the rotor system. In the active mode, the application of an electric field to the EREs shifts slightly the resonant speeds to higher frequencies due to the increase of the stiffness of the bearings while increasing the vibration amplitudes in the steady-state and transient running up and down conditions in the vicinity of the resonant speeds. Nevertheless, it has been shown that the rotor steady-state vibration response can be reduced at other rotating speed range when an electric field is applied.
Interrelation of nonclassicality conditions through stabiliser group homomorphism
Authors: Asthana Sooryansh
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we show that coherence witness for a single qubit itself yields conditions for nonlocality and entanglement inequalities for multiqubit systems. It also yields a condition for quantum discord in two-qubit systems. It is shown by employing homomorphism among the stabiliser group of a single qubit and those of multi-qubit states. Interestingly, globally commuting homomorphic images of single-qubit stabilisers do not allow for consistent assignments of outcomes of local observables. We employ these observables for the construction of conditions for nonlocality, entanglement, and quantum discord. As an application, we show that CHSH inequality can be straightforwardly generalised to nonlocality inequalities for multiqubit GHZ states. It also reconfirms the fact that quantumness prevails even in the large N-limit if coherence is sustained. The mapping provides a way to construct many nonlocality inequalities, given a seed inequality. This study gives us a motivation to gain better control over multiple degrees of freedom and multi-party systems. It is because, in multi-party systems, the same nonclassical feature, viz, coherence may appear in many avatars.
Measurement of two-photon position–momentum Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen correlations through single-photon intensity measurements
Authors: Bhattacharjee Abhinandan , Meher Nilakantha , Jha Anand K
Published: April 2022

The measurement of the position–momentum Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) correlations of a two-photon state is important for many quantum information applications ranging from quantum key distribution to coincidence imaging. However, all the existing techniques for measuring the position–momentum EPR correlations involve coincidence detection and thus suffer from issues that result in less accurate measurements. In this article, we propose and demonstrate an experimental scheme that does not require coincidence detection for measuring the EPR correlations. Our technique works for two-photon states that are pure, irrespective of whether the state is separable or entangled. We theoretically show that if the pure two-photon state satisfies a certain set of conditions then the position–momentum EPR correlations can be obtained by doing the intensity measurements on only one of the photons. We experimentally demonstrate this technique for pure two-photon states produced by type-I spontaneous parametric down-conversion, and to the best of our knowledge, we report the most accurate experimental measurement of position–momentum EPR correlations.
Effect of nickel substitution on structural and dielectric properties of Mg-Zn based spinel ferrite nanoparticles
Authors: Ali Sibtain , Khalid Muhammad , Nazir Ghazanfar , Naz Kiran , Khan Junaid Kareem , Akhtar Muhammad Saeed , Abbas Nasir
Published: April 2022

Herein, we used sol-gel auto combustion technique for fabrication of the series of nickel substituted magnesium-zinc spinel ferrite (Mg0.3NixZn0.7−xFe2O4) nanoparticles by varying nickel concentrations as 0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.20. X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigation evidenced that the synthesized nanomaterials are of spinel ferrite nature with secondary phase. Moreover, the crystallite size was observed to be in the range from 13 to 17 nm as estimated by Scherrer’s formula. It has been found that the structural parameters (e.g., bulk density, lattice constant, micro strain, crystallite size, surface area etc) of the as-synthesized magnesium-zinc spinel ferrite nanoparticles have been strongly influenced by doping content of nickel. Moving further, we have investigated the dielectric properties of the prepared nanoparticles in the frequency range from 20 Hz to 20 MHz. The remarkable electric modulus, impedance and dielectric properties of the prepared spinel ferrites made these materials a potential candidate for low- and high-frequency applications.
Opto-electronic, and thermoelectric properties of chalcopyrite compounds HgGa2X4(X = S, Se) for solar cell applications
Authors: Zanib Maiza , Mushahid Nohseen , Asghar Mazia , Manzoor Mumtaz , Iqbal M Waqas , Noor N A , Dahshan A
Published: April 2022

The ab-initio method has been applied to explore the chalcopyrite compounds HgGa2X4 (X = S, Se) structural, optoelectronics, and thermoelectric characteristics. We attained the optimized parameters of lattice constant by employing Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof generalized gradient approximation (PBEsol-GGA) and computed the values are approximately equal to experimental values. To calculate accurate bandgap values of both compounds, we used Trans along with Bhala reformed Becke and Johnson (TB-mBJ). Remarkably, both HgGa2X4 (X = S, Se) compounds yield a direct bandgap nature, having calculated values 2.80 eV and 2.30 eV, respectively, which are accurately comparable to experimental values. It also observed that the strong optical absorption is below 3.0 eV, which made both compounds favorable for solar cell device applications. In last, we make a detailed investigation of thermoelectric characteristics in terms of electric and thermal conductivity, power factor, and figure of merit (ZT) with the help of the BoltzTrap code. To check the material’s thermal stability, we accomplished the thermal parameters against temperatures.
A measurement of the scale of homogeneity in the early Universe
Authors: Camacho-Quevedo Benjamin , Gaztañaga Enrique
Published: April 2022

We present the first measurement of the homogeneity index, ℋ, a fractal or Hausdorff dimension of the early Universe from the Planck CMB temperature variations δT in the sky. This characterization of the isotropy scale is model-free and purely geometrical,
independent of the amplitude of δT.
We find evidence of homogeneity (ℋ = 0) for scales larger than
θℋ = 65.9 ± 9.2 deg
on the CMB sky. This finding is at odds with the ΛCDM prediction, which assumes a scale invariant infinite universe.
Such anomaly is consistent with the well known low quadrupule amplitude in the angular δT spectrum, but quantified in a direct and model independent way. We estimate the significance of our finding for ℋ = 0 using a principal component analysis from the sampling variations of the observed sky. This analysis is validated with theoretical prediction of the covariance matrix and simulations, booth base purely on data or in the ΛCDM prediction.
Assuming translation invariance (and flat geometry) we can convert the isotropy scale θℋ into a (comoving) homogeneity scale which is very close to the trapped surface generated by the observed cosmological constant Λ.
Dominance of parent ion formation in the ultrafast, intense-field ionization of the valence isoelectronic molecules

CO2

and

CS2
Authors: Beck Joshua , Uiterwaal Cornelis J G J
Published: April 2022

We report on the photodynamics of the valence isoelectronic molecules carbon dioxide (

C

O

2

) and carbon disulfide (

C

S

2

) under intense-field, single-molecule conditions in focused 50 fs, 800 nm laser pulses. Ion mass spectra are recorded as a function of intensity in the range from

8
×

10

12

to

9
×

10

13

W

c

m

−

2

. Ion yields are measured in the absence of the focal volume effect without need for data deconvolution. In both targets, formation of the molecular parent ion (

M

+

) is by far the dominant process; the yield of other species is only a few percent. We observe that the yield of this parent ion is strictly proportional to an integer power of the intensity, until saturation sets in. We conclude the parent ion is formed through multiphoton single-electron ionization, with the photoelectron originating from the doubly degenerate, non-bonding highest-occupied molecular orbital (HOMO). The non-bonding nature of this HOMO explains the remarkable stability of the parent ion.
Research on a time scale algorithm based on multi-dimensional weighted average
Authors: Liu Yang , Xu Bo , Yin Jie , Shen Dan , Ouyang Mingjun , Zheng Zehao , Zhu Xiangwei
Published: April 2022

The widespread availability of high-performance clocks has motivated interest in time scale algorithms. There are various time scale algorithms in use today, ranging in application from scientific to commercial. The weighted average algorithm has been widely used to generate an ensemble time scale. It takes one weight for each clock according to the stability or predictability to generate the ensemble time scale. However, one weight cannot reflect the long-term, mid-term and short-term stability performance of the clock simultaneously. Therefore, it cannot improve the long-term, mid-term and short-term stability at the same time. To solve this problem, a multi-dimensional weighted average algorithm is proposed in this paper, which decomposes the clock difference into three dimensions and gets weights in three dimensions to give consideration to improve long-term, mid-term and short-term stability simultaneously. The final results of simulation and experiment demonstrate that the algorithm proposed in this paper improved Allan deviations of 3.94 × 10−15 on daily and 7.86 × 10−15 on monthly averaging times with respect to those obtained from AT1 and ALGOS, respectively.
A 3D in vitro model of the device-tissue interface: functional and structural symptoms of innate neuroinflammation are mitigated by antioxidant ceria nanoparticles
Authors: Atherton Elaina , Hu Yue , Brown Sophie , Papiez Emily , Ling Vivian , Colvin Vicki L , Borton David A
Published: April 2022

Objective. The recording instability of neural implants due to neuroinflammation at the device-tissue interface is a primary roadblock to broad adoption of brain-machine interfaces. While a multiphasic immune response, marked by glial scaring, oxidative stress (OS), and neurodegeneration, is well-characterized, the independent contributions of systemic and local ‘innate’ immune responses are not well-understood. We aimed to understand and mitigate the isolated the innate neuroinflammatory response to devices. Approach. Three-dimensional primary neural cultures provide a unique environment for studying the drivers of neuroinflammation by decoupling the innate and systemic immune systems, while conserving an endogenous extracellular matrix and structural and functional network complexity. We created a three-dimensional in vitro model of the device-tissue interface by seeding primary cortical cells around microwires. Live imaging of both dye and Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) - mediated functional, structural, and lipid peroxidation fluorescence was employed to characterize the neuroinflammatory response. Main results. Live imaging of microtissues over time revealed independent innate neuroinflammation, marked by increased OS, decreased neuronal density, and increased functional connectivity. We demonstrated the use of this model for therapeutic screening by directly applying drugs to neural tissue, bypassing low bioavailability through the in vivo blood brain barrier. As there is growing interest in long-acting antioxidant therapies, we tested efficacy of ‘perpetual’ antioxidant ceria nanoparticles, which reduced OS, increased neuronal density, and protected functional connectivity. Significance. Our three-dimensional in vitro model of the device-tissue interface exhibited symptoms of OS-mediated innate neuroinflammation, indicating a significant local immune response to devices. The dysregulation of functional connectivity of microcircuits surround implants suggests the presence of an observer effect, in which the process of recording neural activity may fundamentally change the neural signal. Finally, the demonstration of antioxidant ceria nanoparticle treatment exhibited substantial promise as a neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory treatment strategy.
Effect of anisotropic fast ions on internal kink stability in DIII-D negative and positive triangularity plasmas
Authors: Liu D. , Liu Y.Q. , Heidbrink W.W. , Van Zeeland M.A. , Zhou L.N. , Austin M.E. , Marinoni A.
Published: April 2022

Recent DIII-D experiments show that sawtooth stability is strongly affected by anisotropic fast ions from neutral beam injection (NBI) in both negative and positive triangularity plasmas. Fast ions from co-current NBI are stabilizing for the sawtooth stability, resulting in longer sawtooth periods. On the other hand, fast ions from counter-current NBI are destabilizing, leading to small and frequent sawteeth. The relative change of sawtooth period and amplitude is more than a factor of two. These observations appear to hold in both plasma shapes. Non-perturbative toroidal modeling, utilizing the magnetohydrodynamic-kinetic hybrid stability code MARS-K (Liu et al 2008 Phys. Plasmas 15 112503), reveals an asymmetric dependence of the stability of the n = 1 (n is the toroidal mode number) internal kink mode on the injection direction of NBI, being qualitatively consistent with the experimentally observed sawtooth behavior. The MARS-K modeling results suggest that anisotropic fast ions affect the mode growth rate and frequency through both adiabatic and non-adiabatic contributions. The asymmetry of the internal kink mode instability relative to the NBI direction is mainly due to the non-adiabatic contribution of passing fast ions, which stabilize (destabilize) the internal kink with the co-(counter-) current NBI as compared to the fluid counterpart. However, finite orbit width (FOW) correction to passing particles partially cancels the asymmetry. Trapped particles are always stabilizing due to precessional drift resonance. Modeling also shows that fast ions affect the internal kink in a similar manner in both negative and positive triangularity plasmas, although being slightly more unstable in the negative triangularity configuration already in the fluid limit. The similarity is mainly attributed to the fact that the mode is localized in the plasma core region, with very similar eigenmode structures in both negative and positive configurations. Furthermore, MARS-K modeling indicates that other factors, such as the plasma rotation and the drift kinetic effects of thermal plasmas, weakly modify the mode stability as compared to the drift kinetic resonance effects and FOW correction of fast ions.
Design and Implementation of a Dynamic Task Mapping Algorithm Based on Hotspot Statistics
Authors: Wang Jie , Zhang Duoli , Ge Hu , Ni Wei , Song Yukun
Published: April 2022

In a coarse-grained heterogeneous multi-core system, the task map is responsible for allocating the cores for task execution. The existing user static mapping method has low programming friendliness. As the scale and density of system tasks increase, so does the complexity of manual programming by users, resulting in programming inefficiencies. Aiming at this problem, based on the existing heterogeneous multi-core platform, this paper studies a dynamic task mapping method with hotspot statistics, and uses the preprocessing of the mapping to reduce the time spent on the actual mapping. The hardware mapper is designed and implemented in Verilog, and the verification platform is built in the HDL environment. The experimental results show that the new mapping algorithm significantly improves the performance of the system, with an average of 32.50% and a maximum of 47.16%.
A Wireless Power Transmission System With High Misalignment Tolerance and High Efficiency for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles
Authors: Wang Zhongda , Chen Xiyou , Jin Xin
Published: April 2022

Based on the principle of magnetic coupling resonance, a wireless power transmission system with electromagnetic coupling mechanism based on E-type magnetic core is designed for autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). Firstly, according to the special circular structure of AUV and the effect of seawater mobility, an electromagnetic coupling structure that can be used in AUV is proposed. The performance of the electromagnetic coupling mechanism is tested by simulation and experiment. The coupling coefficient of the coupling mechanism can reach 0.64, and it has good magnetic field confinement ability. Secondly, in order to improve the robustness of the system, the compensation network of the LCL/S topology is used. Finally, an experimental platform is built. When the incandescent lamp is used as the load, the output power is 120W, and the efficiency can reach 96%. When the load changes, the output voltage can remain constant. When the relative positions of the transmitting and receiving coils are changed at the same time, axial misalignment and rotational misalignment experiments are carried out. In the experiment, the output voltage is relatively stable, which indicates that the system has high misalignment tolerance ability.
Research on Modeling of Underground Path Loss Prediction Based on SA-SVM
Authors: Wang Anyi , Lei Shijie
Published: April 2022

In view of the serious refraction and reflection of radio wave transmission in the complex environment of coal mines, serious multipath fading occurs, which affects the performance of the communication system. Therefore, we presents a simulated annealing algorithm to optimize the kernel function and regularization function parameters in LS-SVM, and establishes a wireless channel path loss model based on LS-SVM. Comparing the optimized and improved model based on the SA algorithm with the traditional model, the MATLAB simulation experiment results show that the SA+LS-SVM model is significantly superior to the pre-optimized model and the traditional model in prediction accuracy, and can more effectively predict the fading change to the channel Condition.
Time-domain modelling and performance research of millimeter-wave all-digital phase-locked loop
Authors: Xu Shuning , Tang Lu , Yang Junhao
Published: April 2022

In this paper, a modified time-domain model of millimeter-wave all-digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL) is implemented. In order to reflect the true behaviour of ADPLL, a quantified output digitally controlled-oscillator (DCO) with time domain jitter is proposed. In this ADPLL time-domain model, the DCO model can only output discrete frequency points to imitate the quantization effect of true DCO, and the overlap of different level tuning band is added into this model to imitate the true situation. In addition, the DCO time domain jitter and wander are also added into this model by using the Box-Muller method. Finally, a period estimation method is used to calculate the phase power spectrum density of the output signal, and then the phase noise is obtained through subsequent processing.
Net Clusting Based Low Complexity Coarsening Algorithm In k-way Hypergraph Partitioning
Authors: Luo Guozheng , Chen Xiang , Nong Shanshan
Published: April 2022

With the increasing scale of integrated circuits, hypergraph partitioning is usually applied to Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) circuit layout and other applications to reduce the computational complexity. However, if without properly coarsening, the hypergraph partitioning problem will become intractable along with the increase of the number of vertices. In this paper, we propose a coarsening algorithm in k-way hypergraph partitioning based on net clustering, where net clustering is used to obtain the initial set of vertices with higher internal similarity. Due to the property of nets connecting through vertices, the proposal can cluster the net by local search and discard unimportant vertices from net clusters to achieve high-quality solutions. The experimental results show that our proposal achieves a high quality of coarsening with lower complexity. Even as the number of partitions rises, the computation time reduction will obviously increase. In the case of setting the number of partitions as 8, our algorithm can achieve almost the same partitioning quality as traditional hMetis, but with a time consumption reduction of 50%.
Preliminary parametric analysis of the first neutrons measured with a scintillator array at SPIDER
Authors: Mario I. , McCormack O. , Zuin M. , Croci G. , Muraro A. , Giacomelli L. , Cordaro L. , Gorini G. , Perelli Cippo E. , Grosso G. , Rigamonti D. , Rebai M. , Pasqualotto R. , Tardocchi M.
Published: April 2022

SPIDER, the full size ITER NBI ion source, aims to prove the ITER requirements in terms of the ion source performance, a beam uniformity better than 90% and a low beam divergence. The SPIDER experiment can operate in deuterium, thus producing beam-target D-D fusion neutron emissions. These emissions can be used to evaluate the beam uniformity as well as machine parameter dependence, since the neutron flux is proportional to the beam power. To this end, a new neutron diagnostic array, consisting of a mix of seven crystal, plastic, and liquid scintillators, has been installed externally on the beam dump side of the vessel. Six of them are capable of neutron/gamma discrimination and are positioned to study the beam uniformity and allow parametric comparisons. A NaI scintillator-based gamma detector allows for the energy spectra reconstruction of incident gamma rays without neutron interference. In this work, the scintillator array’s capability and arrangement, together with first results achieved during the deuterium campaigns performed in SPIDER, are presented and discussed.
Event driven readout architecture with non-priority arbitration for radiation detectors
Authors: Gorni D.S. , Deptuch G.W. , Miryala S. , Siddons D.P. , Kuczewski A. , Rumaiz A.K. , Carini G.A.
Published: April 2022

A novel event driven readout architecture, EDWARD (Event Driven with Access and Reset Decoder) architecture, for highly granular pixel detectors is presented. It incorporates, inter alia, an asynchronous arbitration tree based on Seitz’ arbiters, removing the need for an imposed prioritization scheme. It also provides protection against glitches during readout. The system allows not only reading pixel activities, but also retrieving additional data, both analog and digital, from the pixels. A novel in-channel logic allows the entire readout process to be split into consecutive phases for additional flexibility. All operations are controlled by only one edge of the clock signal, seen as an acknowledge token, so there is no dead time between readouts.
Biomimetic bi-material designs for additive manufacturing
Authors: Rahimizadeh A , Yazdani Sarvestani H , Barroeta Robles J , Gholipour J , Ashrafi B
Published: April 2022

Superior material properties have been recently exhibited under the concept of biomimetic designs, where the material architectures are inspired by nature. In this study, a computational framework is developed to present novel architectured bi-material structures with tunable stiffness, strength, and toughness to be used for additive manufacturing (AM). The structure of natural nacre is mimicked to design robust multilayered structures constructed from hexagonal brittle and hard building blocks bonded with soft materials and supports. A set of computational models consisting of fully bonded zones, while allowing for interlayer interactions are created to accurately mimic the interplay between the hard and soft organic phases. As required for such complex designs, the numerical constraints are properly set to run quasi-static non-linear explicit analysis, which allow for a 3× faster analysis with higher efficiency and 2× lower computational cost, when compared to static analysis. The models are used to assess the stiffness, strength and toughness of bi-material beams when subjected to a flexural three-point bending load. The influence of structural features like the soft-to-hard volume ratio (i.e. the distance between each building block, its aspect ratio, and overlap length), material features (e.g. the stiffness ratio of the hard-to-soft phases), the plastic strain failure of soft phase, and AM features (e.g. different types of within-layer/sandwiched supports) are systematically investigated. The results revealed that the toughness of the architectured beams was enhanced by up to 25% when compared to a monolithic structure. This improvement is due to the frictional tile sliding in the brittle phase and the extensive shear plastic deformation of the soft interfaces. This work provides compatible designs to facilitate the AM of nacre-based bi-martial structures with balanced/tailored mechanical performance and to understand the influence of the architectural parameters.
Presence of nanoplastics in rural and remote surface waters
Authors: Materić Dušan , Peacock Mike , Dean Joshua , Futter Martyn , Maximov Trofim , Moldan Filip , Röckmann Thomas , Holzinger Rupert
Published: April 2022

It is now established that microplastics are a pervasive presence in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The same is assumed to be true for nanoplastics but data are lacking due to technical difficulties associated with sample analysis. Here, we measured nanoplastics in waterbodies at two contrasting sites: remote Siberian Arctic tundra and a forest landscape in southern Sweden. Nanoplastics were detected in all sampled Swedish lakes (n = 7) and streams (n = 4) (mean concentration = 563 µg l−1) and four polymer types were identified (polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate). In Siberia nanoplastics were detected in 7/12 sampled lakes, ponds and surface flooding, but only two polymer types were detected (PVC and polystyrene) and concentrations were lower (mean 51 µg l−1). Based on back-calculation of air mass trajectories and particle dispersion, we infer that nanoplastics arrive at both sites by aerial deposition from local and regional sources. Our results suggest that nanoplastics may be a near-ubiquitous presence even in remote ecosystems.
New bounds for the site percolation threshold of the hexagonal lattice
Authors: Wierman John C
Published: April 2022

The site percolation threshold of the hexagonal lattice satisfies 0.656 246 < p
c < 0.739 695. For comparison, the largest previous lower bound of 0.652 703… was established in 1981, and the smallest previous upper bound of 0.743 359 was derived in 2007. The bound is obtained by using the substitution method to compare the hexagonal lattice site model to an exactly-solved two-parameter site percolation model on the martini lattice. Computational reductions involving graph-welding, symmetry, non-crossing partitions, and network flow computations overcome challenges to establishing stochastic ordering between the models.
Higher-order rogue wave solutions of the Sasa–Satsuma equation
Authors: Feng Bao-Feng , Shi Changyan , Zhang Guangxiong , Wu Chengfa
Published: April 2022

Up to the third-order rogue wave solutions of the Sasa–Satsuma (SS) equation are derived based on the Hirota’s bilinear method and Kadomtsev–Petviashvili hierarchy reduction method. They are expressed explicitly by rational functions with both the numerator and denominator being the determinants of even order. Four types of intrinsic structures are recognized according to the number of zero-amplitude points. The first- and second-order rogue wave solutions agree with the solutions obtained so far by the Darboux transformation. In spite of the very complicated solution form compared with the ones of many other integrable equations, the third-order rogue waves exhibit two configurations: either a triangle or a distorted pentagon. Both the types and configurations of the third-order rogue waves are determined by different choices of free parameters. As the nonlinear Schrödinger equation is a limiting case of the SS equation, it is shown that the degeneration of the first-order rogue wave of the SS equation converges to the Peregrine soliton.
Prediction of drought vulnerability and its mitigation measures in the Northern Coast of Java, Indonesia
Authors: Auliyani Diah , Wahyuningrum Nining , Budi Supangat Agung , Mutiara Basuki Tyas
Published: April 2022

Climate change causes hydrometeorological disasters in Indonesia more frequently happen. One of them is drought. Drought reduces water availability and decreases agricultural production. It is necessary to select soil and water conservation techniques according to the level of vulnerability to mitigate losses. We researched Capluk Watershed which is often experiencing drought. The watershed is located on the Northern Coast of Java. The aims of this study were (1) to analyze the level of drought vulnerability and (2) to recommend drought mitigation measures. The drought vulnerability was analyzed spatially using a modification method proposed by Pramono and Savitri in 2019. The data used included rainfall, the number of dry months, actual annual evapotranspiration, geological formations, land systems, and distance to surface water sources. The analysis shows that 73% of the Capluk Watershed has a moderate vulnerability level to drought. The high level of vulnerability only exists in the upstream area, which is part of the karst landscape. We suggest that drought management focuses on the areas with moderate and high vulnerability levels. The community has been conducted water conservation by making ponds in the agricultural land and wells as water storage structures in the residential areas. In addition, we recommend several vegetative techniques such as planting annual crops with low evapotranspiration, and reforestation using Multi-purpose Tree Species (MPTS) or tree species with low evapotranspiration rates.
The role of agricultural extension workers’ competency in climate scenarios through farm services centers (FSCS) in improving the yield and performance of targeted farming community (A case study of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan)
Authors: Zafarullah Khan Muhammad , Khan Ayesha , Pervaiz Urooba , Farooq Arshad , Saqib Raheel
Published: April 2022

Pakistan is sensitive to climate change and has started billion tsunami trees project in forest and many other approaches in Agriculture Extension like privatization, decentralization, and public-private partnership which has received more attention for competencies of extension workers to educate farmers for longer summer to adjust for crop. Farm Services Centers (FSCs) motivate agriculture extension agents to enhance competency in present less precipitation for improving crops’ growth initiated in Province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Member farmers of 400 from five districts named Swat, Dir Lower, Swabi, Mansehra and Dera Ismail Khan of province were selected for data collection. Findings revealed that land-hold size of majority (94%) was less than 100 acres registered with FSCs from five years while limited respondents got membership for more than 10 years. Agricultural extension agents were the main source of awareness and motivation followed by fellow farmers for FSC membership. Cultivator, land leveler, boom sprayer, mold board plough, and wheat, rice, maize and tomato were the most commonly provided inputs to member farmers to improve their competency for getting higher yield with by competent extension workers in present rise of temperature. A Significant increase in yield of major crops such as wheat, rice, maize, gram and tomato were observed before and after registration in FSCs. It is recommended that non-member farmers should be motivated for membership in FSCs as majority of member farmers increased yield of major crops after registration to observe climatic factors which affected all stages of crop growth along with lands suitable agriculturally with proper precipitation and temperature.
The effectiveness of organic fertilizer from natural dyes waste on the growth of Indigofera tinctoria L.
Authors: Budiastuti M T S , Thaidy S , Sulistyo T D , Manurung I R , Setyaningrum D
Published: April 2022

Indigofera tinctoria natural dye extraction waste has not been utilized become environmental pollution can encourage climate change. Climate change causes land degradation and decreased crop productivity. Management of the waste into organic fertilizer and used in plant cultivation need to mitigate climate change. This study aimed to examine the role of organic fertilizer from natural dye waste in obtaining the optimum dose in supporting the growth of Indigofera tinctoria. The study used a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with one factor, namely the dose of organic fertilizer from the extraction of Indigofera tinctoria L. with 11 levels (0 g/plant, 50 g/plant, 100 g/plant, 150 g/plant, 200 g/plant, 250 g/plant, 300 g/plant, 350 g/plant, 400 g/plant, 450 g/plant, and 500 g/plant). The results showed that the natural dye extraction waste could be used as organic fertilizer to support the growth of Indigofera tinctoria. Application of organic fertilizer at a dose of 50 g/plant showed an increase in the plant height of 14% and number of leaves by 124%. The dose of organic fertilizer of 350 g/plant is the optimum dose in producing the high number of leaves, leaf area index, and plant biomass.
Morphology and physiology of Echinacea purpurea in the vegetative phase result of gamma ray irradiation
Authors: Nur Hanifah Wafa’ , Nandariyah  , Widiyastuti Yuli , Yunus Ahmad
Published: April 2022

Coneflower is a medicinal plant that was introduced from North America. This plant is useful as an immunomodulator, which can protect the human body’s immune system from extreme climate change. Coneflower plants in Indonesia are generally grown in highlands that have low temperatures as in their native areas. Indonesia’s tropical environmental conditions, especially in the lowlands, and increasing temperatures as part of global warming are a concern for coneflower cultivation because high climate differences can affect plant growth and physiology. One of the efforts to improve plant properties to obtain plants that are suitable for living in a high-temperature environment can be done by gamma-ray irradiation. The purpose of this study was to determine the growth and physiology of the Coneflower plant irradiated by gamma rays. The study was conducted using a simple design experiment method by planting the population per treatment into successive plots. The seeds used were Coneflower plant accession 2 seeds from the Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicines Research and Development Centre (B2P2TOOT) Tawangmangu. The irradiation doses used were 0 (control), 5Gy, 15Gy, and 25Gy. The results showed the highest plant height, and the number of leaves on 15 Gy irradiated plants. The highest total chlorophyll content was in 5Gy irradiated plants, while the highest leaf area was in 25Gy irradiated plants. Morphology and physiology of irradiated plants showed greater growth than control plants.
The role of soybean agroforestry in mitigating climate change in Indonesia
Authors: Purnomo Djoko , Theresia Sri Budiastuti Maria , Setyaningrum Desy
Published: April 2022

Climate change is a global problem that has an impact on food production. Protein needs for people in developing countries such as Indonesia have not been fulfilled optimally. Indonesian people’s protein consumption is still at 65.7%, much lower than it should be. The development of soybean cultivation as a source of vegetable protein is very potential. This article aims to examine the role of soybean agroforestry to meet human protein needs and as an effort to mitigate climate change.In Indonesia, soybean development is constrained by people’s views; soybean is not the main crop and the rate of land conversion. An effort to overcome the limitation of optimum land according to the growing season is the development of soybean cultivation under forest stands as an agroforestry system. In Indonesia, there are production forests, including teak, pine, sengon, and resin, especially in teak, pine, and sengon forests, soybean cultivation with agroforestry systems has developed. The main obstacle to cultivation in the agroforestry system is low light due to the shade of the tree canopy. It requires efforts: tree spacing, especially between rows, trimming the tree canopy when the canopy is getting tighter, and low light tolerant plant varieties. Soybeans are low-light tolerant plants. The national average soybean production of about 1.5 tons ha-1 can be achieved in teak-based agroforestry systems up to 3-4 years old tree, pine-based up to 3 years old, and sengon-based up to 5 years old. The agroforestry system has the potential as land for the cultivation of organic plants in mitigating the impacts of climate change.
Optimization of the utilization of blood meal with palm oil fronds absorbance fermented as feed stuff to changes of nutrition content
Authors: Imsya Afnur , Riswandi  , Yaqub
Published: April 2022

The utilization of agricultural and livestock waste by-products, apart from being an alternative feed ingredient, can also reduce environmental pollution. Palm fronds as a by-product of oil palm plantations are rarely utilized and most of them will be burned and couraging climate change phenomenon. Cattle blood is a by-product of abattoirs that directly impact the environment. Most of the cattle blood not used efficiently, and pollutes the environment. The research aims to increase the use of blood meal with the absorbance of palm fronds fermented as feedstuff on changes in nutritional content. The study used a completely randomized design with a factorial pattern. Factor A is the inoculant treatment, namely A1: Bacillus amylolytic flavacient bacteria A2: Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria, factor B is the incubation time, namely: B1 = 0 hours; B2 = 60 hours and B3 = 120 hours., each treatment was repeated 3 times respectively. Parameters observed were nutrient content based on proximate analysis The results showed that there was interaction between the type of inoculant and the incubation time used in fermenting blood meal with the absorbance of palm fronds. Incubation time had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the content of dry matter, organic matter, crude fiber and crude protein, while the incubation time had no significant effect on (P>0.05) crude fat content. Based on the results of the study, it was found that in blood meal with absorbent palm oil fronds, Lactobacillus plantarum inoculants with an incubation times of 120 days gave the best results in blood meal with absorbance palm oil fronds fermented.
Raster correlation method for vegetation density and surface temperature in Kupang City
Authors: Rahmawati Arfita , Theo Tomi Pamungkas Bella
Published: April 2022

The phenomenon of urban heat is caused by global warming that occurred in Kupang City. This causes changes in vegetation density and microclimate especially surface temperature. The study aims to known determine the value of vegetation density and surface temperature in Kupang City in 2010, 2015, and 2021. The raster correlation method was used to study the changes in vegetation density and surface temperature in Kupang City. The research was using the data from Landsat 7 ETM+ satellite imagery in 2010, Landsat 8 OLI TIRS in 2015, and 2020. The changes in vegetation density in the Kupang City area could be seen from the results of processing the satellite image data obtained in 2010 was medium vegetation (the vegetated land cover was in the form of coconut plantation and mixed plantation), in 2015 and 2020 was dominated by low vegetation (grasses and bushes). The results of this study showed that in 2010 the dominant temperature class was 26°C - 28°C. However, the temperature class increased until 2015 and 2020 where the dominant temperature was 29°C - 31°C. The regression coefficient value is negative, the meaning is when the vegetation is denser, the surface temperature value will be lower.
Decision-making in climate change adaptation through a cross-sectoral approach: review
Authors: Lamichhane Aastha , Khoiru Zaki Muhamad , Okiria Emmanuel , Noda Keigo
Published: April 2022

Climate change adaptation (CCA) is an emerging topic in recent years since global temperature is continuing to rise and posing threats to natural biodiversity and human life. Its diverse nature requires efforts from a broad range of sectors to cope or adjust. This review paper aims to systematically study the cross-sectoral approaches in CCA decision making and develop probable strengths and shortcomings of those approaches. Literatures concerned with Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Method, or Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) are reviewed since it is considered as a holistic approach to integrate multiple sectors and combine monetary and non-monetary terms prevailing in sectoral and regional aspects, mainly in agriculture and water resource management. The literatures were searched through Scopus and PRISMA method was adopted to systematically refine the published articles based on our criteria. Out of 383 articles discovered, 139 were related to CCA out of which, 33 articles which applied MCA as their methodological approach were shortlisted for the core study. The result showed that MCA is extensively used in CCA decision making, prioritizing options, and formulating adaptation strategies at local and regional scale and considered as a flexible, transparent, and effective method because of an active engagement of stakeholders and experts’ judgement. But its inability to address the underlying uncertainties of climate change scenario is one of the major drawbacks seen. Thus, many literatures suggest incorporating Sensitivity analysis, Dynamic Adaptive Pathways, Real Option Analysis, or Robust Decision-Making Analysis with MCA to overcome those deep uncertainties.
Diurnal rainfall cycle on small tropical island as seen by the 20 years half-hourly GPM-IMERG Satellite precipitation product
Authors: Putu Winsen Putra Arsana I , As-syakur Abd. Rahman , Bagus Mandhara Brasika Ida , Wayan Andi Yuda I , Satya Mas Bagus
Published: April 2022

The diurnal rainfall cycle is one of the dominant factors causing the high variability of convection activity in the Indonesian Maritime Continent (IMC) and vulnerable to climate change. Research on diurnal rainfall cycles in small tropical islands (areas less than 6150 km2), such as in the IMC is important because of the lack of understanding of its characteristics. The aims of current study are to investigate spatial characteristics of the diurnal rainfall cycle over Bali and their surrounding islands using half-hourly rainfall that estimated from the Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) for the period 2001-2020. Statistical scores employed to analyse the diurnal rainfall cycle characteristics is means analysis that done during year observation on long-term half-hourly and annually. The result of half-hourly IMERG rainfall estimation confirms for the first time that the rainfall in Bali contributes to the diurnal rainfall variability over the eastern part of Java Island. In Bali, rainfall start to initiate during 1200 local time (LT, +8 UTC) mostly began in high elevation located in the central part of the island, on the southern slopes of the mountain range. Rainfall over land continues to increase and slightly spread to the west until reaches its peak in 1400 LT. Rainfall began to depletion in the central of the island and at 1530 LT spread toward the western and merged with the existing rainfall in the east of Java Island. In the night (2200 LT), rainfall leaves Bali island towards the Bali strait and Bali sea.
The “jamban systems” for water conservation in the face of climate change and their benefit to local people
Authors: Kristiyanto  , Alamsyah Mashudi , Ferry Siburian Mertua
Published: April 2022

Drought occurrence is a global problem that has an impact on both ecological systems and human beings, so some of the local people, chiefly in rural areas, have tried to create water harvesting using traditional techniques, one of which is the “small reservoir” type. Those types of water conservation and water availability on a small scale, alongside it, have become one strategy for coping with drought, which is caused by climate change impacts, alongside it is part of local economic development. Hence, this research aimed to explore and identify the “Jamban system” functions of local people in their daily lives, so the direct observation and in-depth individual interviews methods, thence the analytical contents of the field data that were used to identify and analyze it, alongside its ethnographic approach. The result of this research, qualitatively, shows that “Jamban systems” have many functions, which are used in aquaculture, the aqua-plants, the water availability or stock, and they also cope with climate change impacts. These were part of the multifunction that is used by the local people to meet their daily demand for family-scale water conservation, alongside the water conservation paradigm, which would be social resilience system shaped.
Strategy to improve regional resilience against flood disasters in the North Coast of Central Java
Authors: Muktiali Mohammad , Setiadi Rukuh
Published: April 2022

The impact of climate change has caused flooding in the North Coast of Central Java Province. The level of flood hazard in 14 urban/municipalities on the North Coast of Central Java is all in the high category. The potential population exposed to flooding in this area reaches around 11,589,000 people, where a third are vulnerable groups (the poor). The impact of the flood disaster has caused environmental damage as well as physical and economic losses. This article aims to examine strategies to increase the resilience of the North Coast of Central Java using the Socio-Ecological System (SES) approach, where there is a reciprocal relationship between aspects of nature/environment (Natural System) and socio-economic (Socio-Economic Systems). Given that vulnerability (V) in the Pantura area of Central Java is dominated by many poor people and vulnerable groups, the strategy that needs to be done to reduce vulnerability is through poverty alleviation programs. To reduce the level of exposure (E) in the form of large physical and economic losses, it is necessary to provide the urban infrastructure that ensures the sustainability of the socio-economic activity system can take place properly. In addition, it is also necessary to control land use change because this has reduced the capacity and storage capacity of water, as well as prevented flooding. Finally, to overcome environmental damage, it is necessary to carry out an environmental conservation program on the North Coast of Central Java in a comprehensive and sustainable manner.