bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toward Generalizable Trajectory Planning for Human Intracerebral Trials and Therapy
Authors: Olmsted Zachary T. , Petersen Erika A. , Pilitsis Julie G. , Rahimi Scott Y. , Chen Peng Roc , Savitz Sean I. , Laskowitz Daniel T. , Kolls Brad J. , Staudt Michael D.
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Stereotactic neurosurgical techniques are increasingly used to deliver biologics, such as cells and viruses, although standardized procedures are necessary to ensure consistency and reproducibility. Objective: We provide an instructional guide to help plan for complex image-guided trajectories; this may be of particular benefit to surgeons new to biologic trials and companies planning such trials. Methods: We show how nuclei can be segmented and multiple trajectories with multiple injection points can be created through a single or multiple burr hole(s) based on preoperative images. Screenshots similar to those shown in this article can be used for planning purposes and for quality control in clinical trials. Results: This method enables the precise definition of 3-D target structures, such as the putamen, and efficient planning trajectories for biologic injections. The technique is generalizable and largely independent of procedural format, and thus can be integrated with frame-based or frameless platforms to streamline reproducible therapeutic delivery. Conclusions: We describe an easy-to-use and generalizable protocol for intracerebral trajectory planning for stereotactic delivery of biologics. Although we highlight intracerebral stem cell delivery to the putamen using a frame-based stereotactic delivery system, similar strategies may be employed for different brain nuclei using different platforms. We anticipate this will inform future advanced and fully automated neurosurgical procedures to help unify the field and decrease inherent variability seen with manual trajectory planning.
Biliary Sphincterotomy Alone versus Biliary Stent with or without Biliary Sphincterotomy for the Management of Post-Cholecystectomy Bile Leak: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Nagra Navroop , Klair Jagpal Singh , Jayaraj Mahendran , Murali Arvind R. , Singh Dhruv , Law Joanna , Larsen Michael , Irani Shayan , Kozarek Richard , Ross Andrew , Krishnamoorthi Rajesh
Published: February 2022

Background: Endoscopic therapy with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is considered the first-line treatment in the management of post-cholecystectomy bile leak (PCBL). Currently, there is no consensus on the most effective endoscopic intervention for PCBL. Hence, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the effectiveness and safety of the two interventional groups (biliary sphincterotomy [BS] alone vs. biliary stent ± BS) in management of PCBL. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of multiple electronic databases and conference proceedings (from inception through January 2021). The primary outcome was to compare the pooled rate of clinical success between the 2 groups. The secondary outcome was to estimate the pooled rate of adverse events. Results: The pooled rate of clinical success with BS alone (5 studies, 299 patients) was 88% (95% confidence interval (CI): 84–92%, I2: 0%) and for biliary stent ± BS (5 studies, 864 patients) was 97% (CI: 93–100%, I2: 79%). The rate of clinical success in biliary stent ± BS group was significantly higher than BS alone group (OR: 3.91 95% CI: 2.29–6.69, p < 0.001, I2: 13%). The rate of adverse events was numerically lower in biliary stent ± BS group compared to BS alone (3 studies; OR: 0.65 95% CI: 0.41–1.03, p = 0.07) without statistical significance. Low heterogeneity was noted in the analysis. Conclusions: Biliary stent ± BS is more effective in endoscopic management of PCBL compared to BS alone. This may be related to inter-endoscopist variation in completeness of sphincterotomy and post-sphincterotomy edema, which can influence the preferential trans-papillary flow of bile.
Seasonality effect on ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) activity in an ecotonal environment in the state of Piauí, Brazil
Authors: Miranda Vinícius Lima de , Koch Elmo Borges de Azevedo , Oliveira Laine da Silva , Nunes Joanes de Jesus Moreira , Barbosa Diogo Brunno e Silva , Soares Maria Regiane Araujo , Mariano Cléa dos Santos Ferreira , Delabie Jacques Hubert Charles
Published: February 2022

This study aimed to compare the activity of ants during the rainy and dry seasons in a transitional environment (ecotone) at the interface of Cerrado and Caatinga biomes situated in the state of Piauí, where studies of local ant fauna are still incipient. The research was carried out at Floriano, state of Piauí, Brazil. Ants were sampled during the rainy season in December 2018 and during the dry season in June 2019. Three parallel transects were established at least 100 m apart. At each point, three sampling methods were used, with attractive baits placed on the trees and ground, and pitfall traps on the ground. Thirty-one ant species belonging to 14 genera and five subfamilies were collected, with 27 recorded in the rainy season and 17 in the dry season. The only species reported with the three collection methods and the two seasons was Camponotus crassus Mayr, 1862. Seven ant species sampled in this study are new reports for the state of Piauí. There was a significant difference in the average number of ants and the composition of the assemblages between the rainy and dry seasons. We demonstrate that the activity of ants is influenced by seasonality, corroborating our hypotheses. This is only the second study on ant diversity in the state of Piauí, and more studies are necessary to understand the processes and factors which regulate the activity patterns of ants in ecotonal situations like those observed in this region.
Editorial do v. 9, n. 2, 2021
Authors: Vergueiro Waldomiro , Santos Roberto Elísio dos
Published: February 2022

Ediotorial do v. 9, n. 2 (2021) da revista 9a Arte, publicado em 2021.
Em defesa da paródia
Authors: Blanco Francisco
Published: February 2022

Como resposta a um artigo crítico publicado na revista Mujeres, de Cuba, apresenta argumentos favoráveis ao uso da paródia, especialmente nas histórias em quadrinhos.
Agroecologia, fortalecendo autonomias relatos dos mutirões agroflorestais no Assentamento Comuna da Terra Dom Tomás Balduíno, Franco da Rocha, SP
Authors: Peralta Marina Cristina Campos
Published: February 2022

A agroecologia apresenta alternativas ao modelo convencional de agricultura imperante no Brasil atualmente, a partir de perspectivas que, em contrapartida, priorizam a autonomia de agricultores e agricultoras, além da resiliência dos agroecossistemas, complexos em suas múltiplas características - físicas, sociais, econômicas, territoriais, etc -, sugerindo estudos e práticas que devem ser adotados coerentemente com o contexto do local a se inserir. O presente artigo teve como objetivo relatar e analisar as práticas de mutirões coletivos com vistas à implementação de Sistemas Agroflorestais (SAFs), realizadas em lotes familiares do Assentamento Comuna da Terra Dom Tomás Balduíno - localizado em Franco da Rocha (SP) e pertencente ao Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST) -, assim como analisar a totalidade a qual o processo de transição agroflorestal se insere. As relações e práticas observadas foram interpretadas enquanto resistências ao sistema capitalista de produção, que contraditoriamente permite a criação e a recriação do campesinato brasileiro, entendido enquanto uma classe social. As perspectivas metodológicas trazidas pela pesquisa participante embasaram os trabalhos de campo, aliadas aos estudos a respeito da agroecologia e da transição agroecológica. Neste sentido, ressaltou-se a importância de considerar as percepções e saberes tradicionais em estudos agroecológicos e de se pensar criticamente acerca da posição de quem pesquisa diante de quem está sendo pesquisado.
Um ano entre os humanos: Ricardo Aleixo e a etnografia do humanismo
Authors: Natali Marcos Piason
Published: February 2022

O artigo apresenta uma leitura do poema “O peixe não segura a mão de ninguém”, publicado por Ricardo Aleixo no livro Modelos vivos (2010). Como se trata de um poema preocupado com a taxonomia dos seres vivos, a leitura examina como a categoria do humano depende da hierarquização dos seres. Revisitando a relação entre a noção de humano e o racismo, o texto entrevê, nesse e em alguns outros poemas de Aleixo, uma apreciação crítica do humanismo. O trabalho termina com leituras de três textos críticos – de Sylvia Wynter, Zakiyyah Iman Jackson e Kate Manne – que, de diferentes maneiras, tensionam o pensamento humanista, em particular as hipóteses de que a exclusão do outro da categoria do humano seria condição necessária para a prática da violência e que, consequentemente, a inclusão na humanidade seria um passo indispensável e confiável em direção ao fim da violência racista.
“Métrica e Liberdade” – Franco Fortini
Authors: Silva Anderson Gonçalves da
Published: February 2022

O ensaio de 1957 é o primeiro de uma longa reflexão do poeta Franco Fortini (1917-1994) a respeito de métrica e ritmo poéticos. Levando em conta as relações entre lírica e sociedade, ele procura caracterizar a nova sensibilidade métrica resultante da convivência entre o sistema métrico tradicional e o verso livre.
Poema extraído de romance experimental: João Miramar lírico e oligárquico
Authors: Araújo Homero Vizeu
Published: February 2022

Análise e comentário do poema “Indiferença”, que vem a ser um curto capítulo do romance experimental Memórias sentimentais de João Miramar, de Oswald de Andrade. Aqui se trata de avaliar os procedimentos formais e retóricos elaborados no texto em relação com a experiência histórica da então próspera oligarquia paulista exportadora de café.
Vive! e lembra-te de mim
Authors: Bosi Viviana
Published: February 2022

Este ensaio tem como foco principal a análise interpretativa do poema “Visitante”, de Cecília Meireles, incluído no volume Vaga música (1939). Alguns traços de sua poética se delineiam nestes versos, tais como a indagação sobre possibilidade de comunicação entre o sujeito e o seu interlocutor, ou entre o poeta e seu leitor, assim como a reflexão sobre o trabalho de composição artística. O poema manifesta uma dúvida em relação ao acolhimento e à compreensão da poesia no mundo atual, referindo-se, obliquamente, a um tempo hostil ao desejo de realização de uma “vida reinventada” pela imaginação.
Quando a estética realista se torna simbólica: O Jardim de Cerejeiras de Peter Brook (1981)
Authors: Ortiz Sergio Ricardo Lessa
Published: February 2022

Este artigo aborda questões sobre o processo concepção dos elementos visuais do espetáculo O Jardim das Cerejeiras de Peter Brook. Destaca sobretudo a compreensão sobre o impacto do simbólico pensado para os cenários do espetáculo sobre os trajes de cena elaborados por Chloé Obolensky, cenógrafa que estreou com essa montagem no Centro Internacional de Pesquisa Teatral em  1981.
Cartas para Marcelo Denny
Authors: Prudente Marcelo dos Santos
Published: February 2022

Homenagem de Marcelo dos Santos Prudente para Marcelo Denny.
Performance, imagem e drama na cena de Christiane Jatahy
Authors: Caldeira João Bernardo Fernandes
Published: February 2022

Examinaremos alguns dos procedimentos da encenadora Chistiane Jatahy, de modo a assinalar movimentos da cena contemporânea de ruptura com o texto dramático e abertura para outros elementos imagéticos, simbólicos, visuais. De viés processual, transitório e performativo, o seu campo de pesquisa investiu-se do desejo de superar a separação entre arte e vida, como forma de desestabilizar os elos da narrativa dramática. Por meio de Fischer-Lichte, Bident, Lehman, Pavis e Artaud, analisaremos os hibridismos de linguagem e proposições de uma cena situada numa zona de concomitância entre fragmentação e homogeneidade, presença e representação, performance e teatro.
As Máquinas do Mundo de Laura Vinci e a tradução no processo de criação
Authors: Yazbek Guilherme Meletti
Published: February 2022

O presente artigo parte da afirmação de Michael Fried em "Arte e objetidade" (1967) de que o teatro é o que se encontra entre as artes. Virando a hipótese do crítico – aventada em chave negativa – do avesso, apontamos tal característica fluida e híbrida do teatro como o caminho percorrido por muitos artistas contemporâneos em significativas obras. Partindo dessa premissa, o artigo tem como objetivo reconstituir – a partir de entrevistas, principalmente – um longo processo de criação centrado na figura da brasileira Laura Vinci, artista visual envolvida também em processos teatrais. Partimos, então, da obra Máquina do Mundo (no singular), obra no campo das artes visuais, chegando às artes da cena com Máquinas do Mundo (no plural), criação da artista junto a mundana companhia. Para tal reconstrução apoiamo-nos, principalmente, nos conceitos de tradução, de Josette Féral, e work in progress, de Renato Cohen.
O avanço da exploração e da gestão privada sobre os serviços públicos – impasses e contradições
Authors: Pessoa Robertonio Santos
Published: February 2022

O artigo aborda a questão do crescente avanço da exploração econômica privada de serviços públicos no Brasil, no contexto das chamadas parcerias público-privadas. São examinadas as contradições existentes nas promessas de eficiência ligadas à transposição da concorrência e de modelos de gestão privada para esta categoria de serviços, vinculados à concretização de direitos fundamentais. Abordam-se, de maneira especial, os casos de serviços de saúde e saneamento básico.
Institucionalizando tensões entre o legislativo e o regulador: proposta para uma lei de revisão dos atos normativos das agências pelo Congresso Nacional
Authors: Costa Rafael Viana de Figueiredo
Published: February 2022

O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar a tensão institucional entre o Poder Legislativo e as entidades reguladoras – incluindo-se as agências reguladoras regidas pela Lei nº 13.848, de 25 de junho de 2019, e outras entidades técnicas e independentes similares, tais como a Comissão de Valores Mobiliários e o Banco Central do Brasil – propondo soluções institucionais para o problema. Uma característica intrínseca a tais entidades reguladoras é a concentração de poderes quase-legiferantes, outorgados em caráter normalmente bastante abstrato pela lei de criação da entidade reguladora, os quais podem ser mais ou menos análogos à produção legislativa primária. Com o passar dos anos, e a sedimentação do modelo institucional das entidades reguladoras independentes, cresceram as tensões entre o Poder Legislativo e tais entidades, como apontam diversos estudos. Objetiva-se apontar caminhos para se institucionalizar estas tensões, a partir da análise específica: (i) do caso da Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade nº 5.501, julgada definitivamente pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal em 23 de outubro de 2020, (ii) do caso Gundy v. United States, julgado em 20 de junho de 2019 pela Suprema Corte dos Estados Unidos da América, e (iii) do Congressional Review Act (1996), dos Estados Unidos da América.
Fiscalização de controle de recursos dos serviços sociais autônomos
Authors: Almeida Edvaldo Nilo de
Published: February 2022

O texto tem como objetivo investigar os serviços sociais autônomos e o controle dos seus recursos pelo Tribunal de Contas da União, pelos Ministérios e pela Controladoria-Geral da União. A metodologia consiste na análise da doutrina jurídica e jurisprudencial do Supremo Tribunal Federal e do Tribunal de Contas da União relacionadas ao tema, utilizando-se os métodos bibliográfico e documental, com ênfase nas fontes de estudo do Direito Constitucional e Teoria Geral do Direito. Nessa senda, o problema a ser respondido é o da questão da fiscalização dos recursos dos serviços sociais autônomos por órgãos externos, que ainda não é unânime na doutrina e na jurisprudência. Conclui-se que os serviços sociais autônomos se submetem às regras orçamentárias públicas, porquanto se sustentam, majoritariamente, por meio de repasse de tributos e devem se submeter a controle regido pelos princípios constitucionais da Administração Pública.
NHRIs as Autonomous Human Rights Treaty Actors
Authors: Takata Hinako
Published: February 2022

What roles do National Human Rights Institutions (‘nhri s’) play in UN human rights treaties, and what is the normative basis of such roles? Although NHRIs are formally State organs, UN human rights treaty bodies have increasingly permitted them to participate in their procedures not as part of the State but in their own capacity as NHRIs. UN human rights treaty bodies have referred to the information and views submitted by nhri s even when such submissions did not conform to the positions taken by their States. In this sense, NHRIs are increasingly acquiring an autonomous status that is distinct from that of States under UN human rights treaties. Through a comprehensive and up- to- date examination of the practices of treaty bodies and the Global Alliance of National Human Rights Institutions and by employing the theoretical lens of ‘global legal pluralism’, this article shows that the autonomous status of NHRIs has a solid normative basis. It is the product of the cooperative relationship between UN human rights treaties and the ‘Paris Principles’, an autonomous legal order of, by, and for nhri s, under the overarching values and principles of human rights protection, democracy, and subsidiarity.
Pandemics, Planetary Health and Human Rights
Authors: Wewerinke-Singh Margaretha
Published: February 2022

Global solidarity and international cooperation are key to addressing compound global crises – such as climate change, biodiversity loss and pandemics – effectively. It remains unclear, however, to what extent, and on what legal basis, solidarity and international cooperation constitute legal obligations of States under different branches of international law. Questions also persist about the extent to which and how States’ obligations of international cooperation are differentiated; what common and differentiated obligations entail in practice for States at different levels of development; and how potential conflicts between different types of obligations (e.g. territorial and extraterritorial human rights obligations) must be addressed. This article seeks to unpack these questions from the perspective of international human rights law, giving due consideration to relevant principles and provisions of international environmental agreements. It builds on international law scholarship that has explained how and why the provisions of the UN Charter should be interpreted as creating genuine membership duties, including an obligation to cooperate to realise human rights. Further, it builds on more recent scholarship that has explored how this obligation applies in connection with climate change and biodiversity, and on a nascent body of scholarship on the covid- 19 crisis, human rights and international law. The aim of the article is to explore the role of the principle of solidarity and the duty to cooperate to realise human rights in devising more effective and holistic responses to compound global crises.
On the collection of marine crabs (Decapoda: Brachyura) in the Zoological Survey of India, Western Regional Centre, Pune, with a note on the taxonomy of Sphaerozius scaber (Fabricius, 1798) (Menippidae)
Authors: PATI S.K. , SUJILA P.S. , NG PETER K.L.
Published: February 2022

The Zoological Survey of India, Western Regional Centre, Pune (ZSI-WRC) contains 1887 specimens of mostly unstudied marine brachyuran crabs. The present systematic study on the marine crabs of ZSI-WRC reports 62 species in 44 genera, 18 families and nine superfamilies. Of these, four genera and 13 species are new distributional records within India. We also record three species for the first time from the Indian waters: Metopograpsus cannicci Innocenti, Schubart & Fratini, 2020 (Grapsidae MacLeay, 1838), Varuna yui Hwang & Takeda, 1986 (Varunidae H. Milne Edwards, 1853), and Ilyograpsus paludicola (Rathbun, 1909) (Macrophthalmidae Dana, 1851). The record of Varuna yui is significant as it is the first time it has been found from the western Indian Ocean. The subfamily Ilyograpsinae Števčić, 2005, has likewise not previously been reported from India. The taxonomy of the poorly known menippid crab, Sphaerozius scaber (Fabricius, 1798), is clarified with the designation of a lectotype, and its taxonomy is discussed. Sphaerozius scaber can be distinguished from the only congener S. nitidus Stimpson, 1858, by its prominently tuberculated carapace, palm and carpus of the chelipeds, and the strongly curved male first gonopod, with the distal part gently tapering into a truncate tip. Sphaerozius scaber is a new addition to the west coast of India. With the inclusion of the present new records, India is now known to have 939 species of marine brachyuran crabs in 375 genera of 63 families.
Advancing Near-Real-Time Quality Controls of Meteorological Observations
Authors: Toreti Andrea , Bratu Marian , Müller Evelyn , van der Grijn Gerald , Oliveira Igor , Zampieri Matteo , Ceglar Andrej
Published: February 2022

Meteorological observations from ground weather stations are of the upmost importance to implement and run sectoral climate services and to perform scientific activities, such as models’ evaluation and data assimilation. However, meteorological observations may be affected by errors deteriorating the quality and the reliability of the products based on these data. To avoid such a cascade of effects, it is essential to quality check meteorological observations in near–real time. A new system based on several levels of increasing complexity checks is proposed here. Besides the standard quality controls, this system applies dynamic and adaptive checks targeting exactly the locations and the data under analysis. The proposed system is designed to be flexible and easily modifiable thanks to its combined R and XML implementation. To facilitate its applicability, the proposed system is made available as a free open-source software: QuackMe.
The Simulated Atmospheric Response to Western North Pacific Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies
Authors: Yook Simchan , Thompson David W. J. , Sun Lantao , Patrizio Casey
Published: February 2022

Observations reveal two distinct patterns of atmospheric variability associated with wintertime variations in midlatitude sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the North Pacific sector: 1) a pattern of atmospheric circulation anomalies that peaks 2–3 weeks prior to large SST anomalies in the western North Pacific that is consistent with “atmospheric forcing” of the SST field, and 2) a pattern that lags SST anomalies in the western North Pacific by several weeks that is consistent with the “atmospheric response” to the SST field. Here we explore analogous lead–lag relations between the atmospheric circulation and western North Pacific SST anomalies in two sets of simulations run on the NCAR Community Earth System Model version 1 (CESM1): 1) a simulation run on a fully coupled version of CESM1 and 2) a simulation forced with prescribed, time-evolving SST anomalies over the western North Pacific region. Together, the simulations support the interpretation that the observed lead–lag relationships between western North Pacific SST anomalies and the atmospheric circulation reveal the patterns of atmospheric variability that both force and respond to midlatitude SST anomalies. The results provide numerical evidence that SST variability over the western North Pacific has a demonstrable effect on the large-scale atmospheric circulation throughout the North Pacific sector.
When and How Should Firms Differentiate? Quality and Advertising Decisions in a Duopoly
Authors: Lauga Dominique Olié , Ofek Elie , Katona Zsolt
Published: February 2022

A prominent hallmark of competitive interaction is the desire to differentiate from rivals. In this article, the authors examine under what conditions firms will differentiate through product quality versus advertising intensity. Firms select quality in a first stage, advertising in a second stage, and price in the last stage. The probability that a consumer is informed of a firm’s offering depends on its advertising expenditure. The authors find that when advertising is not cost effective, both firms choose a light ad spending. This allows them to minimally differentiate in quality without concern of intense price competition, as each firm has a segment of “captive” consumers. When advertising is moderately cost effective, one firm spends heavily on advertising. The rival advertises lightly, while choosing the same maximal quality level. This strategy softens price competition by inducing the heavy advertiser to price high more often to capitalize on its large captive segment. When advertising is very cost effective, both firms advertise heavily and differentiate in quality. Three extensions are examined: upfront fixed quality costs, continuous advertising levels, and simultaneous advertising and pricing decisions. This research reveals that letting market awareness be determined endogenously suggests less product differentiation than previously suspected and regions of advertising differentiation.
The Potential for Using a Shortened Version of the Everyday Discrimination Scale in Population Research with Young Adults: A Construct Validation Investigation
Authors: Benner Aprile D. , Chen Shanting , Fernandez Celeste C. , Hayward Mark D.
Published: February 2022

Discrimination is associated with numerous psychological health outcomes over the life course. The nine-item Everyday Discrimination Scale (EDS) is one of the most widely used measures of discrimination; however, this nine-item measure may not be feasible in large-scale population health surveys where a shortened discrimination measure would be advantageous. The current study examined the construct validity of a combined two-item discrimination measure adapted from the EDS by Add Health ( N = 14,839) as compared to the full nine-item EDS and a two-item EDS scale (parallel to the adapted combined measure) used in the National Survey of American Life (NSAL; N = 1,111) and National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS) studies ( N = 1,055). Results identified convergence among the EDS scales, with high item-total correlations, convergent validity, and criterion validity for psychological outcomes, thus providing evidence for the construct validity of the two-item combined scale. Taken together, the findings provide support for using this reduced scale in studies where the full EDS scale is not available.
Early Career Leadership Advancement: Evidence of incongruity penalties toward young, single women professionals
Authors: Merluzzi Jennifer , Phillips Damon J.
Published: February 2022

We advance gender inequality scholarship by drawing attention to a growing but understudied group: young, single women professionals (without children). Our thesis is that for women, singlehood is deemed incongruent with role expectations of leadership—both with masculine expectations of men as “ideal leaders”, but also compared to feminine expectations of women leaders as communal, relational. We predict this incongruity to be most penalizing for analytically-talented, single professional women who are seen as gender incongruent for their masculine skills and for prioritizing their careers. Leveraging a multi-method approach, we present evidence in support of our thesis. In Study 1, a set of experiments, we observe participants evaluate single analytically-talented women as least suitable for a leadership promotion compared to identically-described single men, married men and women. Participant explanations for their negative evaluations support incongruity as the mechanism for the penalty toward single women, whom they describe as “too analytical”, lacking the people management skills needed for leadership. Study 2 adds external validity by examining early career promotions of MBA graduates, where single analytically-talented women prove the least likely to advance post-graduation compared to all other gender, marital status, and talent groupings. The combined studies unveil a novel penalty directed at young, single, analytically-talented women professionals in their early careers for their perceived incongruity with gendered expectations of masculine and feminine leadership.
Experimental investigation and optimization of machining parameters of deep cryogenically treated and tempered steels in electrical discharge machining process
Authors: Kam Menderes , İpekçi Ahmet , Argun Kudbeddin
Published: February 2022

Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is commonly used as non-traditional manufacturing methods for geometrically complex shaped or hardened materials that are extremely difficult-to-machine with traditional machining processes. In this experimental study, investigations were carried out on the machining of Conventional Heat Treated three different deep cryogenically treated and tempering processes (DCT&T) of AISI 4140 steels in EDM process. The process parameter such as discharge current (9, 16, 23, and 30 A), pulse on time (120, 180, 240, 300 µs) and pulse off time (12, 18, 24, and 30 µs) were investigated and the output responses like surface roughness, electrode wear ratio, material removal rate, and machining time were explored. Experiments were conducted using L16 orthogonal array in EDM machining process. The data obtained from experiments were analyzed. As a result, determination of discharge current (30 Amps), pulse off time (12 to 18 µs), pulse on time (180 to 240 µs) and deep cryogenically treatment with 24 h and 48 h holding time as the optimum machining processing parameters for tempered steels to be subjected to DCT&T process. As a result of multi-criteria optimization, it is suitable for best surface quality and fast material removal rate.
Epidemiology of Hospital Admissions for Craniosynostosis in Australia: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Junaid Mohammed , Slack-Smith Linda , Wong Kingsley , Baynam Gareth , Calache Hanny , Hewitt Timothy , Leonard Helen
Published: February 2022

To describe trends, age, and sex-specific patterns of population hospital admissions with a diagnosis of craniosynostosis (CS) in Australia.

Population data for hospital separations (in-patient) from public and private hospitals (July 1996-June 2018) were obtained from the publicly available Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) National Hospital Morbidity Database.

The outcome variables were hospital separation rates (HSR) (number of hospital separations divided by the estimated resident population [ERP] per year) and average length of stay (aLOS) (patient days divided by the number of hospital separations) with a diagnosis of CS. Trends in HSR and aLOS adjusted for age, sex, and type of CS were investigated by negative binomial regression presented as annual percent change (APC).

In 8057 admissions identified, we observed no significant change in the annual trend for HSR for the 22-year period. However, a marginal annual decrease of 1.6% (95% CI: -0.7, -2.4) in the aLOS was identified for the same time period. HSR were higher for males, infants, and single suture synostosis. aLOS was 3.8 days (95% CI: 3.8, 3.9) per visit, longer for syndromic conditions.

There was a minor reduction in the average length of hospital stay for CS over the 22-year period potentially indicative of improved care. Population-level information on hospitalisations for rare craniofacial conditions can inform research, clinical, and surgical practice.
Nonlinear vibration and resonance analysis of a rectangular hyperelastic membrane resting on a Winkler–Pasternak elastic medium under hydrostatic pressure
Authors: Karimi Sina , Ahmadi Habib , Foroutan Kamran
Published: February 2022

In this paper, the nonlinear vibration and resonance analyses of a rectangular hyperelastic membrane embedded within a nonlinear Winkler–Pasternak elastic medium subjected to a uniformly distributed hydrostatic pressure are investigated. The material of the membrane is incompressible, homogeneous, isotropic, and hyperelastic. The constitutive law of neo-Hookean is utilized for modeling the system. The elastic foundation includes two Winkler and Pasternak linear terms and a Winkler term with cubic nonlinearity. Using the theory of thin hyperelastic membrane, Hamilton’s principle, and assuming the finite deformations, the governing equations are obtained. Then, the motion equation in the transverse direction is discretized by applying Galerkin’s method. The transverse nonlinear oscillations of the membrane are considered in two-modes. Then, utilizing the multiple scales method, the secondary resonance for the case of [Formula: see text] is analyzed. Also, to analyze the nonlinear vibration behavior, numerical methods including the fourth-order Runge–Kutta methods are utilized. In addition, in analyzing the nonlinear vibration responses of the rectangular hyperelastic membrane, the bifurcation diagram, quasi-period motion responses, and the phase portrait are examined. Finally, the influence of the geometrical characteristics and elastic foundation parameters on the resonance analysis of a rectangular hyperelastic membrane is investigated.
Leading Literate Lives: Afghan Refugee Children in a First-Asylum Country
Authors: Sadiq Assadullah
Published: February 2022

Most refugees in countries of permanent resettlement arrive from first-asylum countries – countries where refugees initially move to escape crisis in their homelands. Their pre-resettlement educational experiences have largely been undocumented. This qualitative ethnographic study describes the literacy practices of four elementary-aged Afghan refugee children in Pakistan. The findings revealed rich and various literacy practices these children and their families engaged in at home and beyond, such as practicing religious supplications or engaging in storytelling, trying to read and write in Urdu and English, reading the Quran or religious supplications, and helping others with their own literacy development. The parents and guardians highly valued literacy and believed it instilled manners, morals, and essential skills in their children. This research includes important implications for teachers working with refugee students.
Corneal scarring following collagen cross-linking: evidence of increased lysyl oxidase activity
Authors: Shah Sushmita G , Shetty Rohit , Ghosh Arkasubra , Shah Gaurav Y
Published: February 2022

Purpose

To report a case of corneal scarring following collagen cross linking in a young female.

Methods

A 24-year-old female presented to us with complaints of decreased vision and a white spot in her left eye following collagen cross linking (CXL) performed elsewhere, four years prior. We diagnosed her as a case of left eye leucomatous corneal opacity for which she underwent optical penetrating keratoplasty under local anaesthesia. The excised corneal tissue was evaluated by routine histopathology and immunohistochemistry.

Results

At the final follow up visit, one year following corneal transplantation, her visual acuity improved to 20/20, J1 with a clear graft.

Conclusion

Vision threatening corneal scarring may be rarely noted following CXL.
Experimental study on transmission error and dynamic backlash of elliptic gear transmission system
Authors: Dong Changbin , Liu Yongping
Published: February 2022

The transmission error of the gear transmission system is the main factor affecting its transmission performance. The expansion of special applications of elliptic gear transmission system and the improvement of transmission accuracy requirements put forward higher requirements for its transmission performance. Although many works have been presented to study the transmission error of cylindrical gear transmission system, a few works were focused on the transmission error of elliptic gears for the reason of the inconsistency of the tooth profile of the elliptic gear pair, the difficulty of establishing a transmission error model and obtaining the dynamic backlash. To overcome this problem, the theoretical model of the transmission error and backlash of the elliptic gear pair is proposed and established based on the meshing line incremental method. The ellipse gear transmission test-rig is built and the transmission test is carried out on it. Finally, the correctness of the theoretical model is verified. The results show that the dynamic backlash of the elliptic gear pair can be obtained through the bidirectional transmission error curve. The dynamic transmission error has a negative correlation with the speed and has a positive correlation with the load torque. The dynamic backlash shows an increasing relationship with the increase of speed and load torque. The research results of this article can provide a certain theoretical basis for the anti-backlash control of the elliptic gear transmission system and the improvement of transmission performance.
Isolated CNS Sarcoidosis Versus Systemic Sarcoidosis With CNS Involvement: A Same Disease?
Authors: Courtin E. , Ouallet JC. , Lazaro E. , Martin-Negrier M-L. , Cohen-Aubart F. , Duffau P.
Published: February 2022

Neurological involvement occurs in 5 to 15% of patients with sarcoidosis. It rarely represents the sole manifestation of the disease, a condition called isolated neurosarcoidosis.

Objectives:

To describe patients with definite isolated central neurosarcoidosis. To compare their characteristics to a group of systemic sarcoidosis with central neurologic involvement.

Methods:

Monocentric retrospective study of all patients presenting with central neurosarcoidosis (NS) over a 10 year period, subsequently divided into 2 groups: isolated neurosarcoidosis (INS) and systemic neurosarcoidosis (SNS).

Results:

We report 10 cases of INS and subsequently, we compared their characteristics to a group of 30 patients with SNS. INS patients exhibited brain parenchymal involvement (8/10), meningeal disease (8/10), myelitis (3/10), cranial neuropathy (3/10), neuroendocrine impairment (1/10). Cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) analysis was conducted in 8/10 patients and showed pleocytosis in 6/8 (75%), elevated protein level in (4/8) 50%, oligoclonal intrathecal synthesis in 1/5 (20%). All patients received steroids, 7/10 (70%) required associated immunosuppressive therapy, 5 of which TNFα inhibitors. When compared to patients with SNS, INS patients were more likely to experience seizures (60% vs 23.3%); display encephalic parenchymal enhancing lesions (80% vs 39.3%) or encephalic leptomeningeal involvement (80% vs 35.7%). Serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) was elevated in a third of patients with SNS but none of those with INS.

Conclusion:

The phenotypes of patients with INS are similar to the ones described in SNS. Serum ACE should not be regarded as a diagnostic test in patients with isolated neurosarcoidosis but could be useful in detecting subclinical extra neurologic involvement during follow up.
Patients’ acceptance of video consultations in the mental health services: A systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research
Authors: Moeller Anne Marie , Christensen Lone F. , Hansen Jens Peter , Andersen Pernille T.
Published: February 2022

Background

Clinical effectiveness of video consultations in the mental health services is comparable with in-person consultations. Acceptance has typically been rated in surveys that do not give a deeper understanding behind the phenomenon. The aim of this synthesis is to explore mental health patients’ perceptions of factors that influence their acceptance of video consultations viewed from the perspective of the patient.

Methods

A literature search in scientific databases was conducted. Peer-reviewed reports of qualitative research exploring patients’ experiences with video consultations from the patients’ perspectives were included. Then a meta-summary and a taxonomic analysis were conducted.

Results

A total of 11 reports met the inclusion criteria. Through the analysis, a model was generated with five factors that precede each other and interact with each other. Patients thought video consultations were acceptable when (1) they experienced barriers and inconvenience to accessing the location of services, (2) they had already established a trustful relationship with their therapist, (3) technical interferences were minor and problems were resolved quickly, (4) patients expected a less personal meeting, and (5) the degree of the patients’ issues were less complex.

Discussion

This model is intended to help clinicians identify circumstances where offering video consultations make best sense to patients and help sustain meaningful use prospectively. When patients encounter barriers to in-person services, clinicians should consider offering video consultations when the technology is adequately integrated in practice, and it is perceived not to intervene with treatment or the therapeutic process.
Exploring healthcare professionals’ perceptions of artificial intelligence: Piloting the Shinners Artificial Intelligence Perception tool
Authors: Shinners Lucy , Grace Sandra , Smith Stuart , Stephens Alexandre , Aggar Christina
Published: February 2022

Objective

There is an urgent need to prepare the healthcare workforce for the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) into the healthcare setting. Insights into workforce perception of AI could identify potential challenges that an organisation may face when implementing this new technology. The aim of this study was to psychometrically evaluate and pilot the Shinners Artificial Intelligence Perception (SHAIP) questionnaire that is designed to explore healthcare professionals’ perceptions of AI. Instrument validation was achieved through a cross-sectional study of healthcare professionals ( n = 252) from a regional health district in Australia.

Methods and Results

Exploratory factor analysis was conducted and analysis yielded a two-factor solution consisting of 10 items and explained 51.7% of the total variance. Factor one represented perceptions of ‘ Professional impact of AI’ (α = .832) and Factor two represented ‘ Preparedness for AI’ (α = .632). An analysis of variance indicated that ‘use of AI’ had a significant effect on healthcare professionals’ perceptions of both factors. ‘Discipline’ had a significant effect on Allied Health professionals’ perception of Factor one and low mean scale score across all disciplines suggests that all disciplines perceive that they are not prepared for AI.

Conclusions

The results of this study provide preliminary support for the SHAIP tool and a two-factor solution that measures healthcare professionals’ perceptions of AI. Further testing is needed to establish the reliability or re-modelling of Factor 2 and the overall performance of the SHAIP tool as a global instrument.
Utility of Surgical Risk Calculators in Spine Surgery in Patients Aged Over 80 Years: Analysis of SpineSage and ACS NSQIP
Authors: Willoughby James E. , Baker Joseph F.
Published: February 2022

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Objective

To validate the predictive accuracy of both the SpineSage and ACS-NSQIP surgical risk calculators in patients over the age of 80 years, undergoing spine surgery for any reason.

Methods

We included 210 consecutive patients treated with single-stage spine surgery at our institution between 2009 and 2019. The demographic details and preoperative characteristics of each patient were collected and reviewed for entry into both the SpineSage and ACS risk calculators. The estimated risk supplied by these calculators was compared to the observed rate of complications post-surgery. The main method of comparison was using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Results

Complications were identified in 51 patients (24%). Most patients underwent surgery for a degenerative cause (71%), with the majority of procedures performed on the lumbosacral spine (66%). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated to compare the outcomes of each tool. Area under the curve (AUC) analysis showed similar predictive accuracy between SpineSage and ACS when predicting overall complications (0.688; P < .001 vs 0.634; P = .021). AUC analysis demonstrated that SpineSage had better predictive accuracy when estimating risk of major complications (0.778; P = .037 vs 0.675; P = .001).

Conclusion

For the prediction of risks associated with spine surgery in those aged >80 years, SpineSage appears to be preferable to the ACS-NSQIP surgical risk calculator in this single centre cohort, SpineSage was more accurate in predicting the risk of serious medical complications. The accuracy of both of these tools could still be improved upon.
Risk Factors for Postoperative Ileus in Patients Undergoing Spine Surgery
Authors: Hendrickson Nathan R. , Zhang Yue , Amoafo Linda , Randell Zane , Rasmussen Michaela , Zeidan Michelle , Shorten Pete , Brodke Darrel S. , Spina Nicholas , Lawrence Brandon D. , Spiker W. Ryan
Published: February 2022

Study Design

Retrospective Cohort Study

Objectives

Postoperative ileus (POI) is a common complication following elective spinal surgeries. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of POI and identify demographic and surgical risk factors for developing POI after elective instrumented fusion of the thoracolumbar spine.

Methods

The University of Utah Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved this retrospective study. The study does not require informed consent given the data reviewed was deidentified and collected in accordance with the institution’s standard of care. A designated IRB committee determined that study is exempt under exemption category 7. IRB approval number 00069703. Patients undergoing instrumented thoracolumbar fusion for one or more levels were retrospectively identified from an internal spine surgery database. Cases performed for trauma, infection, or tumors were excluded. Demographics, medical comorbidities, surgical variables, and opioid medication administration (morphine milligram equivalents, MME) were abstracted from the electronic medical record. Univariate analysis was used to identify variables associated with POI. These variables were then tested for independent association with POI using multivariate logistic regression.

Results

418 patients were included in the current study. The incidence of POI was 9.3% in this cohort. There was no significant relationship between development of POI and patient age, gender, BMI, diabetes mellitus, thyroid dysfunction, lung disease, CKD, GERD, smoking status, alcohol abuse, anemia, or prior abdominal surgery. Univariate analysis demonstrated significant association between POI and fusion ≥7 levels compared to fusions of fewer levels ( P = .001), as well as intraoperative sufentanil compared to other opioids (35.9% vs 20.1%, P = .02). POI was not significantly associated with total intraoperative MME, approach, use of interbody cage, or osteotomy. Multivariate logistic regression confirmed total 24-hour postoperative MME as an independent risk factor for POI (OR 1.004, P = .04), however, intraoperative sufentanil administration was not an independent risk factor for POI when controlling for other variables.

Conclusions

This retrospective cohort study demonstrates that greater postoperative MME is an independent risk factor for POI after thoracolumbar spine fusion when accounting for demographic, medical, and surgical variables with multiple logistic regression. Prospective studies are warranted to evaluate clinical measures to decrease the risk of POI among patients undergoing instrumented thoracolumbar spinal fusions.