bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental study on pedestrians’ uni- and bi-directional movement on staircases under emergency conditions
Authors: Gao Jin , Gong Jinghai , He Jun , Zhang Daxu , Qiu Guozhi , Zhang Jingjing
Published: October 2020

Staircases are main vertical evacuation passages in multi-story buildings characterized by different pedestrian flow from horizontal passages, such as corridors. Experiments were conducted to investigate crowd ascending and descending dynamics with different numbers of pedestrians in both uni- and bidirectional scenarios. Evacuation processes were recorded by video cameras and velocity sensors, and movement parameters were extracted from the recordings. Typical evacuation features on the staircase such as overtaking behavior, queuing behavior, repelling behavior, and packed and staggered motion mode are observed. The study explores velocity on the staircase as well as the fundamental diagram of velocity–density relationship. Experimental results show that ascending pedestrians could move upwards faster than descending pedestrians under emergency conditions. The stair landing can provide a wide and flat place for pedestrians to accelerate in unidirectional evacuation cases, but has a negative effect on evacuation velocity in bidirectional flow. The distribution of velocity in bidirectional evacuation is more convergent than in the unidirectional scenario. The study findings enrich evacuation modeling and improve the assessment of the pedestrians’ performance on staircases.
Low-temperature synthesis, structural characteristic of magnesium ferrite
Authors: Mahale Vinay , Raut A V , Surashe V K , Nimbhore S R , Dorik R G , Shengule D R
Published: October 2020

The present paper deals with the synthesis and the structural characterization of magnesium ferrite (MgFe2O4) the synthesis of MgFe2O4 was carried out by well-known sol-gel auto-combustion method in which citric acid was used as a chelating agent. The as obtained powder of MgFe2O4 was then annealed at 500° C for 4 h to improve the crystallinity and remove the impurities. The annealed powder of MgFe2O4 was then subjected to X-ray diffraction study in order to know the phase purity and crystal structure. The X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) reveals the presence of those reflections which belongs to cubic spinel structure. The analysis of XRD pattern proves that the prepared MgFe2O4 powder is nanocrystalline in nature and possesses single phase cubic spinel structure. Using the XRD data the structural parameters like lattice constant, unit cell volume, X-ray density, hopping length, tetra edge and octa edge etc. structural parameters were determined. The obtained structural parameters are in good agreement to that reported in the literature. The crystallite size was also obtained by standard Sherrer’s formula and was found to be 22 nanometre. Thus, the nanocrystalline nature of MgFe2O4 was obtained through sol-gel auto-combustion method and the X-ray diffraction study reveals the single phase cubic spinel structure.
Investigation on Synthesis, Structural and Electrical properties of Zinc Ferrite on Gamma Irradiation
Authors: Kalunge Santosh , Humbe Ashok V. , Khedkar Mangesh V. , More S. D. , Keche A. P. , Pandit A. A.
Published: October 2020

In the view of magnetic materials application, ferrites are the most attention-grabbing materials therefore in the present work nanocrystalline Zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) was prepared by sol-gel auto combustion technique. The synthesis was carried out by using citric acid as a chelating agent and nitrates as oxidant. The preparation of zinc ferrite was done at a sufficiently low temperature of 1000C. To get the good crystallinity and ferrite phase formation of prepared nanopowder was sintered at 5500C for 4 hours and then used for structural and electric investigations. Prepared ZnFe2O4 sample have been irradiated by a gamma-ray source (60Co) to examine the changes that occurred in structural and electrical properties. These changes on gamma irradiation were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and two probe technique respectively. From XRD patterns, it was observed that the lattice constant and average crystallite size decrease after gamma irradiation. DC electrical resistivity after gamma irradiation revealed that the charge carrier concentration and activation energy of zinc ferrite increases whereas drift mobility (µ) decreases.
Effects of temperature and humidity on electrical properties of proton conducting KH2PO4 / SiO2 composites
Authors: Gupta Anubha , Malik K , Kumar R
Published: October 2020

In the present work the temperature and humidity effects on electrical properties of KH2PO4/SiO2 composites have been studied. Composite nature of the system has been confirmed by the XRD patterns. Wagner’s polarization method confirms the ionic conduction in the prepared systems. Temperature and humidity dependent ac conductivity was measured by using complex impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range 10 Hz to 105 Hz. In pure KH2PO4 the conductivity is influenced by the hopping of the proton through defects while in KH2PO4/SiO2 composite systems, the conductivity of composite system is governed by hydrophilicity below 130 0C. In the present composite systems, absorption of KH2PO4 takes place at the surface of silica which produce defects near the salt KH2PO4/oxide Sio2 interface. The transition temperature of composite was found to be decreased in comparison to the pure KDP.
Visible Light Driven Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2 Nanoparticles Prepared via Gel-Combustion Process
Authors: Somwanshi Saurabh B. , Somvanshi Sandeep B. , Kharat Prashant B.
Published: October 2020

A facile and cost-effective preparation of nanoscale TiO2 with enhanced surface area was achieved through gel-combustion technique assisted via glycine as a fuel. X-ray diffraction studies confirmed the anatase phase and nanocrystalline formation of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs). Using N2 adsorption-desorption curve, the enhanced surface area (54.3m2g−1) of TiO2 NPs was noted. Visible light driven photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 NPs for the degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) dye was studied. The complete degradation of MB dye under sunlight irradiation was achieved in 120min. All the outcomes show that prepared TiO2 nanoparticles have excellent visible light driven photocatalytic activity for the active degradation of MB dye.
Gas sensing behavior of ZnO thick film sensor towards H2S, NH3, LPG and CO2.
Authors: Onkar S G , Nagdeote S B , Wadatkar A S , Kharat Prashant B.
Published: October 2020

Abstract - ZnO is synthesized by microwave assisted technique. The XRD, TEM, SAED and SEM characterization of sample is carried out for studying crystal structure, particle size, crystalline nature and surface morphology of ZnO samples. The thick films of ZnO sample were fabricated by screen printing technique and its I-V characteristics and electrical conductivity were studied. The gas sensing response of ZnO thick film sensor towards 450 ppm of H2S, LPG, NH3 and CO2 gas was investigated. The thick film showed response 15 towards H2S at 150 0C, response 3 to NH3, response 2 for LPG and no response to CO2. The variation of response with H2S concentration was also studied. The response time and recovery time of sensor was 70 second. It was selective to H2S in presence of LPG, NH3 and CO2 gases. The thick film showed good reproducibility and stability for H2S.
Study on the radiation shielding features of some chemical compounds
Authors: Huse S. D. , Obaid S. S. , Joshi A. A. , Gaikwad D. K. , Pawar P. P. , Shitre A.R.
Published: October 2020

In the present work, radiation shielding features of some chemical compounds were studied in terms mass attenuation coefficient (urn), total atomic cross section (6t), electronic cross section (6e), effective atomic number (Zeff) and Effective electron density (Neff). Measurement was done using transmission experiment includes NaI (Tl) detector and radioactive sources. Measured results of were compared with theoretical results obtained from XCOM code. Gamma ray sourcesemit energies 122KeV to 1330 KeV were used to irradiate inorganic materials.Behavior of the selected compounds with incident energy was studied in detailed. Obtained shielding parameters were observed to vary with the intensity of photons and decreased with increment of energy. From the measured results, it is observed that Barium sulfateand ferric oxide have the highest mass attenuation coefficient (µm) as compared to other materials.Finally, it was suggested that barium sulfate and ferric oxide are good candidates in the preparation of efficient gamma ray shielding materials.
Impact of low-level fine particulate matter and ozone exposure on absences in K-12 students and economic consequences
Authors: Mendoza Daniel L , Pirozzi Cheryl S , Crosman Erik T , Liou Theodore G , Zhang Yue , Cleeves Jessica J , Bannister Stephen C , Anderegg William R L , Robert Paine III
Published: October 2020

High air pollution levels are associated with school absences. However, low level pollution impacts on individual school absences are under-studied. Understanding the variability of pollution at individual schools within an urban region could improve school recess decisions, better identify local pollution sources, and improve local economic impact assessments by providing granular information relevant to specific schools. We modelled PM2.5 and ozone concentrations at 36 schools from July 2015 to June 2018 using data from a dense, research grade regulatory sensor network. We determined exposures and daily absences at each school. We used a generalized estimating equations model to retrospectively estimate rate ratios for association between outdoor pollutant concentrations and school absences. We estimated lost school revenue, productivity, and family economic burden. PM2.5 and ozone concentrations and absence rates vary across the School District. Pollution exposure was associated with a rate ratio as high as 1.02 absences per μg m−3 and 1.01 per ppb increase for PM2.5 and ozone, respectively. Significantly, even PM2.5 and ozone exposure below the air quality index breakpoints for good air quality (<12.1 μg m−3 and <55 ppb, respectively) was associated with positive rate ratios of absences: 1.04 per μg m−3 and 1.01 per ppb increase, respectively. Granular local measurements enabled demonstration of air pollution impacts that varied between schools and were undetectable with averaged pollution levels. Reducing pollution by 50% would save $426 000 per year districtwide. Pollution reduction benefits would be greatest in schools located in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas. Heterogeneity in exposure, disproportionately affecting socioeconomically disadvantaged schools, points to the need for fine resolution exposure estimation. The economic cost of absences associated with air pollution is substantial even excluding indirect costs such as hospital visits and medication. These findings may help elucidate the differential burden on individual schools and inform local decisions about recess and regulatory considerations for localized pollution sources.
Distribution and bioaccumulation of heavy metals (Hg, Cd and Pb) in fish: influence of the aquatic environment and climate
Authors: Moiseenko T I , Gashkina N A
Published: October 2020

Mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are toxic metals that continue to attract much attention because they are prone to be accumulated in fish tissues and can harm human health if taken up with food. Data acquired by studying the bioaccumulation of these metals in the various fish species from water bodies along a latitudinal gradient in Russia (from northern Arctic lakes to the southern mouth segments of the Volga River) are utilized to identify general tendencies and specifics in the accumulation of toxic metals depending on the aquatic environment and temperature. Results demonstrate that small quantities of the metals are accumulated in various functionally important organs: Hg is enriched in the liver and muscles, Cd in the kidneys and gills, and Pb in the kidneys and liver. The metals are proved to be simultaneously accumulated in all organs and tissues of the organism, and this reflects the uptake of the metals by the organism and their subsequent distribution in it. The aquatic environment and fish habitats affect the elements’ bioavailability. The metals are more significantly accumulated in predatory fish. At low Hg concentrations in the water, statistically significant dependences were identified between Hg accumulated in predatory fish organisms and concentrations of organic matter in the water. Cd is more bioavailable in waters with low pH. Pb displays the strongest dependence of its bioaccumulation in low-salinity water. Extensive data on fish in water bodies occurring in large territories in Russia, from the Arctic to warm southern latitudes, indicate that climate affects the intensity of Hg accumulation, whereas the accumulation of the other metals also depends on the Ca concentrations, with the uptake of these metals being more significant at low Ca concentrations. Concentrations of toxic metals in the muscles of the fish were below the values critical to food to be consumed by humans.
Fluctuations and non-Hermiticity in the stochastic approach to quantum spins
Authors: Begg S E , Green A G , Bhaseen M J
Published: October 2020

We investigate the non-equilibrium dynamics of isolated quantum spin systems via an exact mapping to classical stochastic differential equations. We show that one can address significantly larger system sizes than recently obtained, including two-dimensional systems with up to 49 spins. We demonstrate that the results for physical observables are in excellent agreement with exact results and alternative numerical techniques where available. We further develop a hybrid stochastic approach involving matrix product states. In the presence of finite numerical sampling, we show that the non-Hermitian character of the stochastic representation leads to the growth of the norm of the time-evolving quantum state and to departures for physical observables at late times. We demonstrate approaches that correct for this and discuss the prospects for further development.
A Numerical Investigation of Automotive Lambda Sensor to Improve the Life Span of the Sensor using CFD
Authors: Aravind S , Ragupathi P , Kumar D Sathish , Vignesh G
Published: October 2020

Abstract

The modern technology has tremendously improved the controlling technologies for fuel injection system and the emission of various harmful greenhouse gases. For detecting oxygen level in the combustion chamber and exhaust gases, a sensor named lambda sensor is used in most of the automobiles. In this paper, a numerical simulation of this lambda sensor was carried out to improve the life span of the sensors protection wall by changing its design with the help of computational fluid dynamics techniques. The simulation results showed that exhaust gas entering the sensor with a pressure range reduced by about 1.41% in comparison to its prevailing design. At the central zone of the sensor, the pressure value reduced by 9.81% with the design modification performed in the protection layer of the lambda sensor. Similarly, the exhaust gas leaving the sensor showed a 6.45% pressure drop in par with the prevailing model. The velocity and temperature of the exhaust gas were the other parameters studied. The simulation results of improved protection layer design when compared to the prevailing model indicated that, the exhaust gas velocity at the inlet and central zone of the sensor was reduced by 19.37% and 17.1% respectively. The exhaust gas temperature showed a drop of 15% in the central zone of the sensor for the new improved model. Thus, from the simulation results it can be stated that, the design modification done in the protection layer of the lambda sensor will positively improvise the life span of the sensor from present life time of 2.5 Lakh kilometres or 15 years.
Design and Structural Analysis of Truck Frame
Authors: Padmanabhan S , Reddy Harsha Vardhan , Undamatla Sri Charan
Published: October 2020

The chassis construction is the larger element in every automobile, it integrates the heavy vehicle main systems such as the power train, drive axles, suspension and trailer. The vehicle structural shape dependent on this skeleton, it absorbs the impacts from front, side and overturn effects. There are many industrialized sectors using this truck as means of transportation for logistics, agricultures, factories and other industries. In this paper, two different material was adopted on the C-section truck frame design. Mild steel and Titanium alloy were structurally analysed on the heavy truck frame through finite element analysis. The results were compared and the best truck chassis material was identified with lower stress and deflection.
Identification and Analysis of Blood Group with Digital Microscope Using Image Processing
Authors: Jayakumar P , Padmanabhan S , Suthendran K , Kumar Yeddu Nitish , Sujith Mada
Published: October 2020

Blood group identification is an essential examination for transfusion and also for lot of health check procedures. Conventional micro plate system is painstaking. In this study, an automatic moving conveyor belt setup was developed to assist the diagnosis procedure. Blood group identification is done based on the images acquired through light microscopes. A blood distribution on polystyrene coated bio paper and the captured image data has been analysed using Image Acquisition software. The image morphological patterns were analysed to obtain the identification blood group by capturing its microstructure. At end of each test, based on the clumping and its image morphology of the corresponding colour coding was analysed to identify the blood groups. The focus on the present study is to investigate the chance of quick and precise, sensitivity and concurrent identification of blood group will weigh up its usefulness in the routine use.
Crash Analysis on Automobile Bumpers
Authors: Kannan V. Sathish , Surendar J. Shenbaga , Sundaram S C Meenakshi , Jegadeeswer S. , Venkatesh R.
Published: October 2020

Bumper is one of the essential parts in an automobile. During collision, bumper is used as a protection shield to safeguard passengers and the body of the vehicle. We know that, death in accident is very common not only in India but also all over the world. Therefore, safety of passengers and automobile body must be considered as primary criteria at the time of vehicle design. ABS is a material which has high impact strength which is used for manufacturing automobile bumper. In this research, we endeavour to analyse three different front bumpers of expensive cars which are highly competitive in the automobile market. CATIA V5R21 is the software used for modelling the bumpers and ANSYS 19.2 is used for analysing each bumper with appropriate velocities. In this research, thickness of all the bumpers is considered as 5 mm and the concrete wall where it is collided to make impact collision is of thickness 10 mm. By using explicit dynamic condition with exact boundary conditions, we determine the best or optimistic design by comparing the results of various factors such as equivalent stress, total deformation, directional deformation and equivalent plastic strain.
Processing and Testing of Aluminum based Hybrid Surface Composites by Friction Stir Processing
Authors: Devanathan C. , Shankar E. , Sivanand A. , Haribabu B.
Published: October 2020

The ever increasing service necessities in industries like automobile and aerospace demands the engineers to use the aluminium based composites which are reinforced by either single or mixture of ceramic particles. When hybrid reinforcements are used, the resulting composites are having superior mechanical properties. In the present experimental work, the Al 5083 was reinforced by Titanium oxide and aluminium oxide to the depth of 2mm and processed by solid state friction stir processing technique. To prepare the surface composites, three non-consumable rotating tools were used with different tool pin profile such as square, straight cylinder and taper cylinder. The other parameters like tool rotational speed, tool traverse speed, number of passes were maintained uniform. Totally three workpieces were processed in order to inspect the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and micro hardness. The test results shown that the square tool pin has delivered the highest strength and hardness than the other tool pin profile. The micro hardness test results showed that the hardness of the reinforced zone is higher than unreinforced region.
Comparative Study On Mechanical Behaviour Of Synthetic, Natural And Hybrid Composite Laminates
Authors: Rajamurugu N , Karthikeyan P , Aakash A , Meshak A Abhilash , Ajithkumar K.
Published: October 2020

Composites play a significant role as an engineering material and their use has been increasing day by day due to their specific properties such as high strength to weight ratios, high modulus to weight ratio, corrosion resistance and wear resistance. In composite material matrix and fiber play an important role; as the load is taken by matrix and transmitted to the reinforcement. Reinforcement can be either synthetic or natural fiber. Manufacturing of synthetic fibers is harmful from the environmental point of view; hence recent research work is focused on the use of natural fiber as reinforcement. In this current work jute as natural fiber taken into account for reinforcement along with synthetic glass fiber along with LY556 Epoxy resin and HY951 hardener. Three types of composites materials were prepared such as Glass-Epoxy unidirectional, Jute-Epoxy, Glass & Jute Epoxy hybrid composite laminates had been prepared using hand lay-up process and the testing was done by using ASTM Standards. The major properties that govern the strength of composites materials are tensile strength, compressive strength, flexural strength, and vibration characteristics. The content of natural and synthetic reinforcement was found to be 60% and 40% respectively. The experimental results show that the Glass & jute Epoxy composites give the major withstanding capacity for tension and flexural test. Vibration test exhibits higher natural frequency, but in compression test Glass epoxy reflects its higher mechanical strength, whereas in compression test delamination occurs. The additional use of jute with glass reduces the cost and thus it is eco-friendly.
Tribological behaviour of aluminum alloy (AA7075) based hybrid composites
Authors: Saravanan S , Sreenithi A , Ajitha M , Ilakkiyal R , Narmatha S R , Rajkumar S , Karthikeyan K
Published: October 2020

All over the world, numerous applications in the field of aerospace and structural constructions are carried out using metal matrix composites as a suitable alternate for traditional materials. The preparation of AA7075/TiB2/MoS2 hybrid composites was carried by stir casting technique. The mechanical properties of the fabricated hybrid composites have been improved by the addition of reinforcement. The aerospace applications involve high load bearing capacity and corrosive resistance in their components. Wear performance of the hybrid composite was examined by using pin-on disc machine for identifying influential process parameters and optimum results of lower wear rate were observed for the combination of higher reinforcement. The SEM image of wear surface analysis of hybrid composites describes the abrasive wear mechanism.
Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites – A Review
Authors: Karthick K , Bharathidhasan D , Ashok Kumar R , Mohamed Jaffarsha F , Sreeraam M , Surya Prakash K
Published: October 2020

Light weight Aluminium alloys are extensively used in aircraft, supercars, and marine applications owing to its corrosion resistance and density. However, the mechanical properties like stiffness, tensile properties and tribological characteristics are far inferior than steels and titanium alloys. The tribomechanical properties of existing Aluminium alloys can be improved by adding suitable reinforcement agent and heat treatment techniques. In this review, effect of different reinforcement on mechanical properties and tribological characteristics of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites (AMMC) were discussed in detail. Also, various fabrication processing techniques like solid state processing, liquid state processing and in-situ processing on tribological behavior of AMMC is discussed.
Biodiesel Production from Mixed Elengi and Pongamia Oil using Calcined Waste Animal Bone as a Novel Heterogeneous Catalyst
Authors: Anand M , Deepanraj B , Ranjitha J , Noor M M
Published: October 2020

Recently, researchers have shown more interest towards biodiesel production from non-edible vegetable oils. The main advantages of biodiesel as a fuel includes biodegradability, non-toxicity, renewability and low emission profiles. In this study, crude mixed oil was used as feedstock for biodiesel production using Heterogeneous Catalyst synthesized from waste animal bone. Initially, mechanical extraction process was used to extract the crude mixed oil from the seeds of Mimusops elengi, and Pongamia pinnata. The crude oil collected from different plant species was characterized using GC-MS spectral data to identify their fatty acid composition. Consequently, the mixed crude oil was converted into biodiesel in the presence of calcinated heterogeneous catalyst obtained from waste animal bone and the catalyst was characterized by SEM, XRD and FTIR spectral data. The effect of variables including methanol to oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration, reaction temperature, reaction time and rate of mixing on the biodiesel yield was evaluated and optimized. The characteristics biodiesel obtained from mixed oil were close to commercial diesel fuel and used as an alternative to diesel in near future.
Productivity and Bioenergy Potential Assessment of Microalgae from Waste Stabilization Ponds
Authors: Padmapriya P , Kumar K.M.
Published: October 2020

This study focused on the characterization of microalgae for bioenergy production and waste water treatment nutrient removal (from waste stabilization ponds). The dry biomass, lipid content and fatty acids in the microalgae were evaluated using centrifuge, Solvent extraction method and Gas Chromatography analysis method respectively. The Diatom numulloides sp with high lipid content and high productivity makes it suitable for future development by growing it in photo bioreactors to treat both municipal and industrial waste water and to produce biofuel making more benefits to human beings.
Computational analysis of triglyceride molecule involving in transesterification reaction
Authors: Srinivasan Gokul Raghavendra , Sharma Yashasvi , Vijayalakshmi S , Ranjitha J
Published: October 2020

This present study deals with the quantum computational analysis of palmitic-oleic-stearic acid based triglyceride molecule available in waste animal fat, which involves in transesterification reaction during biodiesel production. From stereospecific analysis, stearic acid, oleic acid and palmitic acid, and were found at SN1, SN2 and SN3 positions respectively. The proposed triglyceride model was developed using Gaussian 09 and computational analyses were carried out using Density functional theory (DFT) method. Based on geometric optimization, the average bond length between C-C bond, C=C bond, C-H bond, C-O bond and C=O bond was measured as 1.53Å, 1.33Å, 1.09Å, 1.43Å and 1.23Å respectively. Average dipole moment of the triglyceride molecule was measured as 1.3010 Debye while electronic dislocation was noted in X+Z direction. In addition, the overall molecular energy was found to be - 2522.7425 a.u. and optimization energy as -58.95 kJ/mol. Also, vibrational frequencies were analysed using the IR spectrum whereas electrostatic potential were mapped for the triglyceride molecule.
Simulation of the kinetics of the curing process of polymer composite materials based on epoxy binders
Authors: Chen Yangyang , Maung Pyi Phyo , Malysheva G V , Paduchin A A
Published: October 2020

This article investigated the kinetics of the curing process of composite material based on epoxy binders under different conditions of heat transfer. A technique for determining the heat capacity and thermal conductivity depending on the degree of cure of epoxy binders was carried out. The kinetic parameters of the binders used to describe the exothermic effects of binders in the chemical reaction were determined. Taking into account the phase state changes and their exothermic effects of the binders during curing, the simulation of curing process of glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP) was carried out. Experimental results of determination of heat capacity, thermal conductivity and kinetic parameters of epoxy binders were used as initial inputs for modeling the curing process of polymer composite materials. The influence of the heat transfer coefficient on the temperature state of GFPR was investigated. It was found that the heat transfer condition strongly affects the temperature state of fiberglass during their curing.
Development of a High Strength Polymeric Composite Material Using 3D-Printing and Vacuum Impregnation Technology
Authors: Lopatina Yu A , Slavkina V E
Published: October 2020

This paper offers a method for increasing the strength of FDM 3D printed parts by impregnation in a vacuum chamber in an environment of an epoxy compound with a long lifetime. We investigate the impact of the duration of impregnation and the internal geometry of the part being impregnated on the impregnation degree, expressed in the absence of cavities inside the material. The experimental samples are cylinders made of PLA plastic, the impregnation is carried out in an epoxy resin-based compound with PEPA hardener. The use of this strengthening technology may be useful for expanding the scope of FDM 3D printing from prototyping, being currently the most common application, to manufacturing parts for actually functional structures, which, unlike prototypes, carry load while in use, and therefore need increased strength.
Selection and justification of polymer composite wing load-bearing elements design parameters with material anisotropy and airload
Authors: Baranovski S V , Mikhailovskiy K V
Published: October 2020

The rapidly developing aviation industry is looking for new design solutions in the field of designing modern passenger airliners. To ensure reliability and increase the service life of developed products can help polymer composite materials, which are already successfully used in the construction of a number of aircraft. This work is devoted to the urgent task of determining and optimizing the structural parameters of the carbon fiber wing load-bearing elements, taking into account rational reinforcement schemes. The wall thicknesses, layup patterns of unidirectional layers, the safety margins of the wing structural elements, taking into account the current operational loads for several angles of attack corresponding to different flight modes. The work is part of the methodology for designing a wing of polymer composite materials.
Development of imid-containing appretes for carbon fibers and carbon fabrics
Authors: Storozhuk I P , Pavlukovich N G , Egorov A S
Published: October 2020

Annotation

The results of research on synthesis and approbation of new imide-containing high-molecular and oligomeric compounds as appretiruyuschih compositions for carbon fibers under thermoplastic polyetherimide matrix (“Ultem-1000”) are presented. It is shown that both polymeric and oligomeric compositions can be used for carbon fiber appreting, but the greatest effect is manifested when using oligomeric apprets.
Design and analysis of the strength and durability of metal composite assemblies of aircraft structures
Authors: Larionova A A , Dudchenko A A
Published: October 2020

This report is represented the decision of the optimization problem to determine the rational zone in attachment of helicopter’s blade that based on calculations of the static strength and fatigue life of bearing screw from the loads arising in a typical flight.
Thinking development and aesthetic education of students in the process of teaching mathematics by example solutions for one problem
Authors: Zhanys A B , Dautov A O , Aktayeva A U , Askarova A Zh
Published: October 2020

The article discusses one of the leading goals of teaching mathematics - the development of students’ thinking by means of mathematics, it is noted that this requires the creation of special situations, the resolution of which leads to the development of thinking. The possibility of developing logical and figurative thinking of students of secondary schools in the process of aesthetic education using the subject of mathematics is investigated. The beauty of problem solving allows you to increase interest in the study of mathematics. The development of intellectual and creative capabilities, their imagination, as well as broadening the horizons in the application of methodological programs in teaching and evaluating students’ knowledge and skills. The present work is presented on the example of solving one problem by several mathematical methods. Using a mathematical model to solve various kinds of problems with the greatest number of solutions contributes to aesthetic education, allowing you to develop a culture and logical thinking, to form in students the optimal analysis of the task in solving it. The work is presented in an experiment on organizing aesthetic education by knowing the beauty of problem solving, which will fully reveal the criteria for applying the individual approach to learning through the development of thinking in solving various kinds of mathematical problems. The organization of the intensification of the process of mastering knowledge and applying aesthetic beauty is shown by the example of solving problems in mathematics of grades 7-9. We carried out a number of experimental works on the development of thinking and aesthetic education, relying on the activity-based approaches of educational and developmental teaching of mathematics.
Developing a New Type of Jointing the Metal Plates of a Heat Exchanger
Authors: Onishchenko D O , Krotchenko A Yu , Fokin Yu O , Tverskoy M V
Published: October 2020

This paper proposes using a new composition of the metal polymer compound to joint heat exchanger plates. This composition makes it possible to improve the factors of plate junction, such as the cost, safety, efficiency, and rate of the junction procedure. We consider the benefits and drawbacks of the two main ways to joint metal plates of brazed steel plate heat exchangers (BPHE), namely, copper brazing and laser beam welding; propose to joint plates using a metal polymer compound consisting of the metal powder of steel 316L and binding agents; show the metal polymer compound production process; provide the results of the component mixing process depending on the parameters, such as duration and rate of mixing; as well as present the resulting density of the specimens made of the metal polymer compound, depending on the mixing conditions.
Possibilities of Obtaining Diffused Layers upon Saturation of Multilayer Materials with Nitrogen and Carbon
Authors: Polikevich K B , Plokhikh A I , Fomina L P
Published: October 2020

The paper analyzes the processes of saturation of multilayer metal materials with interstitial elements: nitrogen and carbon. The formation of diffusion layers is presented. It is found that the thickness of the laminar layer and the degree of structuring of the sample affect the penetration depth of the diffusant.
Ceramic Matrix Composite Materials for Structural Elements of Aviation and Rocket-Space Equipment
Authors: Stepanov P A , Atroshchenko I G , Nikulina O V
Published: October 2020

Ceramic matrix composite materials based on inorganic binders (based on aluminum-chromium-phosphate binder and quartz glass slurry) and textured quartz filler are obtained by various molding methods at JSC ORPE Technologiya named after A.G. Romashin. The materials were studied in the high-temperature region (at the ambient temperature up to 1200°C during short-term exposure). The main specifications of the materials obtained in comparison with those of quartz ceramic material are shown.
Evaluation the complex of thermal properties for epoxy-based GFRP used in wing of tourist class reusable space vehicle
Authors: Ashikhmina E R , Petrov N M , Prosuntsov P V
Published: October 2020

In general, the prediction the effective properties of fiber reinforced composites is a complicated task due to its heterogeneous properties. Therefore, new approaches can make possible obtaining of the reliable thermal properties of composites with least time and financial costs. This work presents the approach for determination of thermal properties of epoxy-based glass fiber reinforced composites. Firstly, to evaluate the thermal behavior of considered material the numerical modeling was conducted via finite element analysis in commercial software MSC Digimat. To validate the model, two-stage experimental study was carried out. As the result of the experimental research thermal conductivity through-plane was obtained by laser flash method as well as thermal conductivity in-plane – by specialized heat equipment developed in Bauman University with subsequent solution of the inverse heat conduction problem. Summing up, the analytical and experimental data showed good agreement that demonstrates the feasibility of the approach.
Influence of modes of washing-out of the polyvinyl acetate-based substrate on the properties of carbon fiber reinforced plastics obtained by TFP
Authors: Nelyub V A , Borodulin A S , Orlov M A , Polikarpova I A , Kalinnikov A N , Soloviev A I , Dzhafarova S I
Published: October 2020

The article shows the advantage of using water-soluble polyvinyl acetate-based non-woven fabric as a substrate in the manufacture of tfp preforms of products made from polymer composite materials, including gas turbine engine blades. As compared with the applied woven materials, elastomers and films, water-soluble non-woven fabric is easily removed from the surface of the semi-finished product without disturbing its structure and without causing damage to the fibers. It has been established that high-quality washing-out of the substrate does not affect the properties of carbon fiber-reinforced plastics.
Analytical and experimental research of epoxy-based glass/carbon hybrid polymer composites
Authors: Ashikhmina E R , Ageyeva T G , Fedorov Yu S , Klimovich V
Published: October 2020

Nowadays, the significant potential of hybrid polymer composites in terms of weight and cost has contributed to their application in different branches of industry. However, it is known that determination of unique properties of hybrid composites remains significantly challenging as laborious experimental work is usually required. This study aims to develop a numerical material model for prediction of mechanical properties of glass/carbon epoxy-based composites. To validate the material model the subsequent experimental research is proposed. It shows good agreement between numerical simulation results and experimental one.
Evaluation construction made of polymer composite materials by molding using reusable flexible punches production profitability
Authors: Stoyanova M V , Novikov A D , Borodulin A S
Published: October 2020

One of the most common methods for the production of composites is the vacuum infusion method, which consists in the use of a disposable flexible punch pressed to the surface of the mold by atmospheric pressure. A new technology is the use of reusable flexible punches also pressed by atmospheric pressure. The paper compares the profitability of the same construction by these methods production.
Methodology for static tuning of the HEV fuel flow measuring system
Authors: Bozhkov S T , Milenov I , Petrov R V , Leontiev V S , Bozhkov P
Published: October 2020

The modern automobiles are subject of more stringent requirements [1] corresponding to power, torque, fuel economy and ecology legislations, which is led to designing of new power sources and constructions, such as the hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). They are moving by the energy [2], which is ensured by the internal combustion engine (ICE) and the battery. The main factor in this area is the HEV fuel system, which is controlled by the electronic control unit (ECU) [1]. The electronic control of the Spark Ignition Engines (SI engines), as well as the Direct Ignition Engines (DI engines) is based on the certain sensors signals, program maps and management algorithms. The result in this electronic control is the management of the fuel injectors. The management of the fuel injectors consists in the start of injection, injection duration, number of injection events, injection advance, injection pressure etc. Moreover, the fuel consumption and fuel efficiency are the main factors, which are determining the HEV advances. The learning and measuring the HEV fuel consumption, as well as, the conventional automobiles, is the ground for achievement of quality results in the education of the automotive engineers, as well as for obtaining of scientific researching for developments and innovations. Significant meaning in this concept has the real, live and practical performance with the help of testing equipment and test-benches. This paper renders the methodology of static tuning the Fuel Flow Measuring System EFMS100 on the test bench SAV-1 with the support of controller Matrix MIAC MI0245 and Flowcode 7 softwar.
Digital design and technological innovation in the small machine building sector
Authors: Bulavin V F , Bulavina T G , Stepanov C A , Yahrichev V V , Grigoriev N S
Published: October 2020

Integration of CAD products is the governing factor of technical refitting and enhanced competitive advantage of small machine-building enterprises. The digital support associated with PLM and MES platforms makes it possible to state the beginning of a transfer of enterprises to a new type of production. The primary components of the design and engineering stage are as follows: digital design, automated process preparation, and structural engineering. In this process, the part’s virtual copy is the central element of the navigation through the process preparation for production. The digital form of documentation in the PLM platform defines the requirements to start production. Electronic versions of documents are an attribute of project management organization in the team, a condition for rapid modification of the object, and a factor of coordination of work of the whole chain: from the project manager and single operators to stakeholders.
Synthesis and application of manganese dioxide nanoparticles as part of anti-corrosion coatings
Authors: Katnov V E , Stepn S N , Zganshina M R , Kayumov A A , Mendelson V A
Published: October 2020

The paper presents a study of synthesized manganese dioxide nanoparticles effect on the properties of transparent coatings to protect the rolled metal from corrosion. Capacitive-ohmic measurements of the electrochemical cell formed on the studied coatings demonstrate corrosion processes inhibition under the coating with a nanoparticle content of 0.025% and higher.
Field dependence of magnetoelectric effect in the electromechanical resonance region on the Permendur -Quartz - Permendur structures
Authors: Laletin V M , Paddubnaya N N , Filippov D A
Published: October 2020

The results of an experimental study of the field dependences of the magnetoelectric effect on three-layer Permendur-Quartz-Permendur structures in the region of electromechanical resonance are presented. It has been established that at the electromechanical resonance there exists a bias magnetic field region in that an anomalous behavior of the field dependence of the magnetoelectric coefficient are observed. This effect is explained due to the presence of the AE effect in the magnetostrictive material.
Features of the operation of a refrigeration screw compressor for capacity control
Authors: Noskov A N , Shaposhnikova M , Arendatelev I G , Zawadzki I M
Published: October 2020

To ensure the required temperature of the cooled object by maintaining the heat balance between the heat gain and the refrigerating capacity of the refrigerating machine, a compressor performance control system is used. The article presents the dependencies of the change in efficiency coefficient at full and partial performance with joint regulation of productivity and geometric compression ratio. The laws of the optimal change in the geometric degree of compression with a change in performance are given. The experimental characteristics of a screw compressor running on R22 freon were used.
Energy performance analysis of the temperature control system of an object with a random principle of thermal perturbations
Authors: Sulin A B , Timofeevskiy A L , Ryabova T V , Nikitin A A , Muraveinikov S S , Arendateleva S I
Published: October 2020

The application of simulation modeling to the development of a temperature control system for an object with a random nature of thermal loads is considered. The object under study is a facility with enclosing structures made of fiberglass, inside of which there is heat-generating equipment. Thermostatic control of the object is carried out by a fully recirculating ventilation system that provides even blowing of the inner walls of the object with fresh air. To create a simulation model that is closest to real conditions, based on statistical meteorological data for the city of St. Petersburg, a model of meteorological conditions was created, suggesting every three hours the following parameters: ambient temperature, wind speed, solar radiation intensity, cloudiness. Heat generating equipment located inside the serviced facility does not operate continuously. The turning-on of this equipment occurs at random, the duration of work and the amount of heat dissipation also vary. To take into account this circumstance, the specified parameters are selected by the program in accordance with the Simpson distribution. The article presents graphs of changes in temperature and energy characteristics of the system for the three cold and three warm days of the considered annual period of the system operation. Conclusions are drawn about the feasibility of using the simulation method in the design and development of such systems, on the possible increase in their energy efficiency, as well as on the reduction of capital and operating costs.
Development of the design and manufacturing technology of a bactericidal ionizer
Authors: Tikhonov A A
Published: October 2020

The design and manufacturing technology of a bactericidal ionizer with electrolytic coatings of copper and silver forming a galvanic cell are described. The ionizer is capable of creating solutions containing silver and copper ions. Using an ionizer, one can get preventive solutions that strengthen the immune system; medical preparations; cosmetic compositions; receive disinfectant solutions that can destroy a number of pathogenic bacteria and viruses. The ionizer has a low cost; it is easy to use and surpasses analogues in performance. A manufacturing technology for such an ionizer has been developed.
Global Container Shipping Line Digital Transformation and Enterprise Architecture Modelling
Authors: Maydanova S , Ilin I , Jahn C , Weigell J
Published: October 2020

Currently new competitive environment and fundamental changes in the traditional industries are taking place. The digital transformation of companies can be an effective tool to gain a competitive advantage, but its success requires consistent actions, from the strategic vision to implementation. New architectural solutions are needed to ensure a strategic alignment of business and IT architecture for further successful development.

The purpose of this research paper is to develop a conceptual approach and method of Enterprise Architecture modeling for global container shipping lines, allowing the companies an effective development in the context of global changes in business forms and methods, reducing negative impacts and taking advantage arising from these changes.