bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcome of posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using the single- versus double bundle technique: A meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Jing-xin , Zhang Li-hai , Mao Zhi , Zhang Li-cheng , Zhao Zhe , Su Xiu-yun , Zhang Li-ning , Gao Yuan , Sun Yong , Tang Pei-fu
Published: January 2015

Objective

To test the hypothesis that double bundle posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction yields better improvement in stability and functional recovery of the knee than the single bundle technique.

Methods

PubMed®, Embase®, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang and CBM disc databases were searched for comparative trials of PCL reconstruction using the single- versus double bundle technique. Data were extracted and meta-analysis was performed for stability improvement and functional recovery.

Results

The meta-analysis included 435 patients in three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and eight non-RCTs. Double bundle reconstruction provided significantly better 90° posterior stability than the single bundle technique (weighted mean difference 0.81, 95% confidence interval, [CI] 0.2, 1.42). Double bundle reconstruction resulted in a significantly higher likelihood of International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) examination grade A than the single bundle technique (odds ratio 0.41, 95% CI 0.24, 0.72).

Conclusions

The small amount of data available indicates that double bundle reconstruction is superior to the single bundle technique after isolated PCL injury. These findings should be interpreted with caution due to the low quality and limited sample size of the studies concerned.
Does Primary Hip Arthroscopy Result in Improved Clinical Outcomes?
Authors: Gupta Asheesh , Redmond John M. , Stake Christine E. , Dunne Kevin F. , Domb Benjamin G.
Published: January 2015

Background:

Hip arthroscopy has gained increasing popularity over the past decade. The need to develop metrics to evaluate success and complications in primary hip arthroscopy is an important goal.

Purpose:

To evaluate 2-year patient-related outcome (PRO) scores and patient satisfaction scores for a single surgeon at a high-volume referral center for all primary hip arthroscopy procedures performed.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

During the study period between April 2008 and October 2011, data were collected on all patients who underwent primary hip arthroscopy. All patients were assessed pre- and postoperatively with 4 PRO measures: the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Non-Arthritic Hip Score (NAHS), Hip Outcome Score–Activities of Daily Living (HOS-ADL), and Hip Outcome Score–Sport-Specific Subscale (HOS-SSS). Pain was estimated on the visual analog scale (VAS), and satisfaction was measured on a scale from 0 to 10. The number of patients who underwent revision arthroscopy, total hip arthroplasty (THA), or a resurfacing procedure during the study period was also reported.

Results:

A total of 595 patients were included in the study. The score improvement from preoperative to 2-year follow-up was 61.29 to 82.02 for mHHS, 62.79 to 83.05 for HOS-ADL, 40.96 to 70.07 for HOS-SSS, 57.97 to 80.41 for NAHS, and 5.86 to 2.97 for VAS. All scores were statistically significantly different ( P < .0001). Overall patient satisfaction was 7.86 ± 2.3 (range, 1-10). Forty-seven (7.7%) patients underwent revision hip arthroscopy, and 54 (9.1%) patients underwent either THA or the hip resurfacing procedure during the study period. The multivariate regression analysis showed that increased age at time of surgery was a significant risk factor for conversion to THA, revision arthroscopy, and change in NAHS <10 points. Acute injury, acetabuloplasty, iliopsoas release, and patient sex were significant for 2 of these 3 types of failure.

Conclusion:

Primary hip arthroscopy for all procedures performed in aggregate had excellent clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction scores at short-term follow-up in this study. More studies must be conducted to determine the definition of a successful outcome. There was a 6.1% minor complication rate, which was consistent with previous studies. Patients should be counseled regarding the potential progression of degenerative change leading to arthroplasty as well as the potential for revision surgery.
On-Site Treatment of Exertional Heat Stroke
Authors: Sloan Brian K. , Kraft Emily M. , Clark Dave , Schmeissing Scott W. , Byrne Brian C. , Rusyniak Daniel E.
Published: January 2015

Background:

Exertional heat stroke is a devastating condition that can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Rapid cooling is the most effective means of treating heat stroke, but little is published on the safety and logistics of cooling patients on site at a major sporting event.

Purpose:

To describe an on-site exertional heat stroke treatment protocol and to compare the outcomes of patients treated on site to those transferred to hospitals.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiological study.

Methods:

Using race-day medical records and ambulance run sheets, patients who developed exertional heat stroke at the Indianapolis half-marathon from 2005 to 2012 were identified. Exertional heat stroke was defined as runners with a core temperature measured with a rectal thermometer greater than 102°F and altered mental status. Clinical information and patient outcomes were abstracted from the race medical tent and hospital charts by 3 separate trained reviewers using structured methods and a data collection form. Two reviewers, using a RedCAP database and dual-data entry, abstracted records for each patient. A third arbitrated all discrepancies between reviewers. Clinical signs, treatments, and outcomes were calculated using descriptive statistics, and data were grouped and compared for patients treated on site or transferred to local hospitals for treatment.

Results:

Over 235,000 athletes participated in the event over the 8-year period, with 696 seeking medical care. A total of 32 heat stroke victims were identified during the study period; of these, 22 were treated on site. Of these, 68% were treated with cold-water immersion and 59% were discharged home from the race. Ten exertional heat stroke patients were transported from the race course to local hospitals. None of them underwent cold-water immersion, and 40% of them were subsequently discharged home. No patients in the study died.

Conclusion:

On-site treatment of athletes who develop exertional heat stroke appears to be both safe and effective. On-site treatment may decrease the local burden of critically ill patients to emergency departments during large athletic events.
Theatre of Emotion: A Nepalese Dramatic Art Form
Authors: Toffin Gérard
Published: January 2015

Every year, traditional Balami woodcutters, living on the edge of the Katmandu valley, in Nepal, offer ritual dramatic performances to the people of the surrounding villages. Among these, the small town of Pharping. These performances stage traditional royal sequences. Over the years, changes took place in the plot. Comic dimension fits alongside the more dramatic aspects of these stories. Emotions expressed by the comedians play a critical role in the drama, particularly when it comes to the tears wept by the princesses who witness their husbands’ death. The play is highly structured and codified; religious beliefs are embedded in it. These pieces end with animal sacrifices that took place on stage. Derived from the classical Newar theatre of the Malla era (17th-18th centuries), they are the product of a persistent combination of popular traditions with learned literature.
Improving transitions between acute mental health and residential care
Authors: McLennan Marianne , Kurucz Sue , Fudge Heather
Published: January 2015

Care transitions pose safety risks especially for hospitalized seniors with complex medical and mental health conditions. A partnership project improved acceptance and supported successful transitions by redesigning at the following three levels: (1) organization—program to facility agreement outlining accountabilities; (2) unit—adjusting the environment, education, and team processes; and (3) individual care—a transition checklist, a person-centred care plan, and customized transition supports to assist clients, family, and receiving staff.
Preoperative Predictors of Weight Loss at 4 Years Following Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Parri Alejandra , Benaiges David , Schröder Helmut , Izquierdo‐Pulido Maria , Ramón José , Villatoro Montserrat , Flores‐Le Roux Juana , Goday Alberto
Published: January 2015

Background: This study evaluated the influence of patient characteristics, preoperative weight loss, and type of surgical procedure on long‐term weight loss after bariatric surgery (BS). Methods: Subjects were a prospective cohort of 95 patients who underwent BS with 4 years of follow‐up. Seventy‐seven patients (81.1%) underwent laparoscopic Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass, and 18 (18.9%) had laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Age, gender, initial body mass index (BMI), preoperative percentage of excess weight loss, presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, current smoking status, and surgical technique were analyzed via multivariate linear regression analysis to identify predictors of weight loss during the 4 years after the surgery. Results: Maximum percentage of excess weight loss was obtained at 18 months. Age and preoperative BMI were negatively associated with percentage of excess weight loss at 1, 2, 3, and 4 years after BS (P < .005). At 4 years, laparoscopic Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass was independently associated with a higher weight loss than laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (P < .05). Conclusions: Younger age, lower BMI, and laparoscopic Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass are independent predictors of long‐term weight loss after BS.
Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder and Risk of Suicide
Authors: Brodrick Joy , Mitchell Brian G.
Published: January 2015

A 30-year-old male patient developed a hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD) after smoking cannabis laced with phencyclidine (PCP) or lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) 10 years prior to hospital admission. Clinically, he reported seeing vivid, saturated colors and caricature-like objects. The patient described perceiving objects or people in motion as moving faster than normal. He reported living in a dream-like state and feeling numb and detached from other people and his surroundings. Upon pharmacotherapy initiation, facility transfer, and subsequent discharge from an acute psychiatry unit, he ultimately committed suicide. Although hallucinogen abuse is common in the United States, this case suggests that HPPD maybe significantly underdiagnosed and undertreated. In some cases, this oversight may perpetuate years of unnecessary patient suffering and can ultimately lead to severe depression and suicide.
Making other dreams: The impact of migration on the psychosocial wellbeing of Albanian-origin children and young people upon their families’ return to Albania
Authors: Vathi Zana , Duci Veronika
Published: January 2015

Return migration has not been associated with negative psychosocial outcomes, while the experience of children involved in this process has been largely overlooked. This article looks at the migration experience of Albanian-origin children and young people upon their families’ return to Albania. Contrasting with a primordial understanding of ‘homeland’, ‘belongingness’ and ‘return migration’, which is focussed on the nation-state, the findings show that a lack of (diasporic) belongingness affects children’s wellbeing upon their families’ return to the country of origin. While children show remarkable mechanisms of coping and resilience, contextual factors moderate the links between migration and psychosocial wellbeing.
A good move? Young people’s comparisons of rural and urban living in Britain
Authors: Tyrrell Naomi , Harmer Nichola
Published: January 2015

This article analyses young people’s (aged 12–18 years) comparisons of urban and rural living within the context of counterurbanisation in Britain. By exploring the experiences of young people who migrate from urban to rural environments, drawing out gender- and age-based differences when appropriate, we demonstrate that these young people occupy a unique in-between space from which to reflect on their past and current identities, experiences and locales. This article contributes to the growing literature seeking to understand the diversity and complexity of young people’s experiences and understandings of the rural.
Giambattista Vico and the principles of cultural psychology
Authors: Tateo Luca
Published: January 2015

The Italian philosopher Giambattista Vico developed a theoretical framework for the study of human sciences that exerted a strong influence on psychology and other human sciences. He backed the notion of the unity of knowledge about human mind and culture, including history, linguistics, philosophy, philology, epistemology, psychology, and for the first time proposed a method for their study that he ambitiously called ‘new science’. The article presents an overview of Vico’s thought and discusses some of the main axioms of his theoretical system. His critique of Cartesianism and the alternative epistemology he outlined are put forward as a thoughtful tool for reflection on contemporary psychological science. Finally, this retrospective look at Vico's ideas provides useful insights for a programmatic view of cultural psychology.
Determination of process parameters for microchannel fabrication by microelectro-discharge machining
Authors: Chaides Oscar , Ahuett-Garza Horacio , Castro José M
Published: January 2015

Data for processing of micrometric geometric features via electro-discharge machining are not widely available. This article describes a methodology to produce microfeatures with a low-cost, open-architecture micro-electro-discharge machining setup using a Resistive–Capacitive oscillator as the power source. The goal of this work was to identify process condition parameter values to maintain a stable micro-electro-discharge machining process. The setup consists of a machine under development for the fabrication of two-and-a-half-dimensional microstructures on conductive materials, using 254-µm-diameter brass electrodes. Three performance parameters were defined to characterize the process: material removal rate, ratio of electrode to workpiece wear, and surface finish. Because of their relevance to the viability of the process, voltage and energy were selected as controllable parameters. The effect of controllable parameters on the mean and standard deviation of the performance parameters during machining of an A36 cold drawn steel workpiece was studied. Voltage and energy values that resulted in a stable process were identified from this exploratory study. Microchannels of 290 µm width (discharge over cut of 18 µm on lateral walls), 50 µm depth and various millimeters long were machined to test selected values. Microchannel depth was maintained constant by applying a sloped motion that compensated for electrode wear.
Simulation of metallic powder bed additive manufacturing processes with the finite element method: A critical review
Authors: Schoinochoritis Babis , Chantzis Dimitrios , Salonitis Konstantinos
Published: January 2015

This article provides a literature review of finite element simulation studies for metallic powder bed additive manufacturing processes. The various approaches in the numerical modeling of the processes and the selection of materials properties are presented in detail. Simulation results are categorized according to three major findings’ groups (i.e. temperature field, residual stresses and melt pool characteristics). Moreover, the means used for the experimental validation of the simulation findings are described. Looking deeper into the studies reviewed, a number of future directions are identified in the context of transforming simulation into a powerful tool for the industrial application of additive manufacturing. Smart modeling approaches should be developed, materials and their properties should be further characterized and standardized, commercial packages specialized in additive manufacturing simulation have to be developed and simulation needs to become part of the modern digital production chains. Finally, the reviewed studies are organized in a table and characterized according to the process and material studied, the modeling methodology and the experimental validation method used in each of them. The key findings of the reviewed studies are also summarized.
Workers, farmers and Catholicism: A history of political class coalitions and the south-European welfare state regime
Authors: Manow Philip
Published: January 2015

The explanatory model behind Esping-Andersen’s ‘three-regime’ typology points to the variance in ‘political coalition building in the transition from a rural economy to a middle-class society’, particularly to whether or not farmers and workers were able to form coalitions during this transition. The article reconsiders the relation between party systems and welfare state regimes. It highlights the systematic variation among European party systems with respect to the electoral success of communist parties. The electoral strength of communist parties is argued to be related to the intensity of past conflicts between the nation-state and the Catholic church in the mono-denominational countries of Europe’s south. These conflicts rendered a coalition between pious farmers and the anticlerical worker’s movement unthinkable and furthered the radicalization of the left. The article argues that the split on the left explains much of what is distinctive about southern Europe’s postwar political economies.
A good time to panic? Premorbid and postmorbid panic disorder in heart failure affects cardiac and psychiatric cause admissions
Authors: Tully Phillip J
Published: January 2015

Objective:

The authors sought to identify characteristics associated with premorbid and postmorbid panic disorder onset in relation to heart failure (HF) onset, and examine the effect on unplanned hospital admissions.

Methods:

In a two-stage screening process, 404 HF patients admitted to three hospitals in South Australia were referred for structured psychiatric interview when any of the following four criteria were met: (a) Patient Health Questionnaire ≥10; (b) Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire ≥ 7); (c) positive response to one-item panic attack screener; (d) or evidence of suicidality.

Results:

A total of 73 referred HF patients (age 60.6 ± 13.4, 47.9% female) were classified into three groups: premorbid panic disorder (27.4%), postmorbid panic disorder (24.7%), and no panic disorder (47.9%). Postmorbid panic disorder was associated with more psychiatric admissions and longer hospital stay in the 6 months prior to the index psychiatric assessment, and also in the 6 months after the index psychiatric assessment (all p <.05 unadjusted). In sensitivity analysis, years since panic disorder onset were associated with longer cardiac length of stay (β = .34, p = .03).

Conclusions:

Panic disorder onset in relation to HF diagnosis was associated with discrete patterns of hospital admissions for cardiac and psychiatric causes.
Differences Between Adopted and Nonadopted Adolescents in Wilderness and Residential Treatment
Authors: Bettmann Joanna E. , Freeman Pamela Clarkson , Parry Kimber J.
Published: January 2015

Adopted children are disproportionately represented in residential treatment programs in the United States. Adopted children in the United States constitute only 2% to 3% of the U.S population. Nevertheless, they comprise approximately 16.5% of the population in residential care. This descriptive study evaluated a sample of 473 psychological evaluations of adolescents in wilderness and residential treatment centers. Results indicated that, compared with nonadopted youth, adopted youth had greater histories of recent trauma, higher rates of suicidal tendency and biological parents’ mental illness, and poorer academic achievement. However, there were no significant differences between adopted and nonadopted youths in terms of defiant behaviors, IQ, substance use/abuse, reasons for referral, impulsivity, anxiety, or depression. Study results suggest that wilderness and residential programs may need to target programmatic elements specifically to meet the special needs of adopted adolescents who comprise a significant percentage of their client population.
Should Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin be Preferred Over Unfractionated Heparin After Thrombolysis for Severity Pulmonary Embolism?
Authors: Senturk Aysegul , Ucar Elif Yilmazel , Berk Serdar , Ozlu Tevfik , Altınsoy Bulent , Dabak Gul , Cakır Ebru , Kadıoglu Esra Ekbic , Sen Hadice Selimoglu , Ozsu Savas ,   The TUPEG Study Investigators
Published: January 2015

Purpose:

The role of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) in managing nonmassive pulmonary embolism (PE) is well known. In unstable cases, especially after thrombolytic therapy for massive PE, unfractionated heparin (UFH) is preferred for PE management. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of LMWH after thrombolytic therapy.

Methods:

A prospective, observational multicenter trial was performed in 249 patients with acute PE who required thrombolysis. Massive and submassive PEs were categorized into 2 groups depending on whether they were treated with LMWH or UFH after thrombolytic treatment. The primary end point was all-cause mortality during the first 30 days; the secondary end point included all-cause mortality, nonfatal symptomatic recurrent PEs, or nonfatal major bleeding.

Results:

The mean age at diagnosis was 60.7 ± 15.5 years. The PE severity was massive in 186 (74.7%) patients and submassive in 63 (25.3%). The incidence of all-cause 30-day death was 8.2% and 17.3% in patients with LMWH and UFH, respectively ( P = .031). Major hemorrhage occurred in 4% (n = 5) and 7.9% (n = 10) of patients and minor hemorrhage occurred in 9% (n = 11) and 13.4% (n = 17) of the cases treated with LMWH and UFH, respectively.

Conclusion:

These results suggest that LMWH treatment can be used safely in patients with PE after thrombolytic therapy.
Free vibration of in-plane-aligned membranes of single-walled carbon nanotubes in the presence of in-plane-unidirectional magnetic fields
Authors: Kiani Keivan
Published: January 2015

Free in-plane and out-of-plane vibrations of two-dimensional magnetically affected ensembles of single-walled carbon nanotubes (MAESWCNTs) are of concern. Using Maxwell’s equations, nonlocal Rayleigh, Timoshenko, and higher-order beam theories, and Hamilton’s principle, the discrete equations of motion of both in-plane and out-of-plane vibrations for the proposed models are constructed. When the number of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) within the ensemble is large enough, evaluation of the frequencies of the nanostructure would not be an easy task. To overcome such a dilemma, some useful nonlocal continuous models are proposed. Through various numerical studies, the accuracy of such models is validated. The obtained results display that the in-plane and out-of-plane frequencies rely on the strength of the longitudinal magnetic field, small-scale parameter, number of SWCNTs with the ensemble, intertube distance, and the geometrical properties of the constitutive SWCNTs of the ensemble. The roles of these crucial factors in the fundamental frequencies of the MAESWCNTs are comprehensively examined via many numerical studies. The capabilities of the proposed nonlocal continuous models in predicting the bending frequencies are also discussed.
What is Needed versus What is Taught
Authors: Roselyn Du Ying
Published: January 2015

This article reports on a survey of journalism students’ perception of what is taught in online journalism classrooms and what instructors perceive to be important for students to be work-ready for online newsrooms. The results show that online journalism education is still defined by traditional journalism, for instance, in tasks specialization, when future journalists are required to be well versed in multiple aspects of journalism and technology. The survey finds that people skills and communication abilities have become a must in this new media age, and that instructors’ previous online journalism experience may make a crucial difference in classroom instruction. For online journalism educators and programme administrators, this article may help in developing the appropriate curriculum to prepare students to work in the changing media industry.
Traditional Journalism in Transition
Authors: Lambert Cheryl Ann , Wu H. Denis
Published: January 2015

Although Taiwan instituted press freedom in 1987, media professionals in the island nation continue to experience a myriad of internal and external pressures in the overcrowded market. Rather than merely conform to unethical industry expectations, some media professionals have reconstructed the rules by which they operate. The purpose of the present study is to explore how Taiwan media professionals have reshaped their work roles to make sense of their workplace realities. Results generated from 20 in-depth interviews indicate that their realities now include Internet-driven media shifts, changed reporter traits, dramatic licence due to stiff competition, departure from conventional news and reporters coping with mandatory coverage. Study participants have reconstructed the rules of the media environment to contend with the new realities.
Validation of the relationship between ankle–brachial and toe–brachial indices and infragenicular arterial patency in critical limb ischemia
Authors: Bunte Matthew C , Jacob Jessen , Nudelman Benjamin , Shishehbor Mehdi H
Published: January 2015

The relationship between ankle–brachial index (ABI) remains uncertain relative to clinical and angiographic features of critical limb ischemia (CLI). From July 2011 to February 2013, 89 consecutive patients with CLI had non-invasive testing for indications of rest pain ( n=23, 26%), as well as minor ( n=29, 33%) and major ( n=37, 42%) ischemic tissue loss. All patients subsequently underwent ABI testing and lower extremity angiography with visualization of the infragenicular arteries. Toe–brachial index (TBI) testing was available among 31 of these patients. Among patients with any ischemic tissue loss, 29% had an ABI between 0.7 and 1.4. Patients with rest pain alone had reduced odds of abnormal arterial runoff in univariate (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.63–0.90; p=0.002) but not multivariate ( p=0.50) analysis. Advanced age, increased ABI, reduced creatinine clearance, hyperlipidemia, and prior coronary artery disease were predictive of abnormal infragenicular runoff. Despite limitations in statistical power, median TBI, compared to ABI, tended to increase when infragenicular arterial runoff was preserved. Overall, the association of TBI with abnormal runoff was not significant ( p=0.38). In conclusion, in the evaluation of CLI, nearly one-third of patients with any ischemic tissue loss had a normal or mildly reduced ABI. Assessment of TBI may augment the diagnostic accuracy of ABI in the evaluation of CLI.
Mindfulness and satisfaction in physical activity: A cross-sectional study in the Dutch population
Authors: Tsafou Kalliopi-Eleni , De Ridder Denise TD , van Ee Raymond , Lacroix Joyca PW
Published: January 2015

Both satisfaction and mindfulness relate to sustained physical activity. This study explored their relationship. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 398 Dutch participants who completed measures on trait mindfulness, mindfulness and satisfaction with physical activity, physical activity habits, and physical activity. We performed mediation and moderated mediation. Satisfaction mediated the effect of mindfulness on physical activity. Mindfulness was related to physical activity only when one’s habit was weak. The relation of mindfulness with satisfaction was stronger for weak compared to strong habit. Understanding the relationship between mindfulness and satisfaction can contribute to the development of interventions to sustain physical activity.
The effects of anxiety and depression on stress-related growth among Chinese army recruits: Resilience and coping as mediators
Authors: Yu Yongju , Peng Li , Liu Botao , Liu Yunbo , Li Min , Chen Long , Xie Junrun , Li Jing , Li Jiawen
Published: January 2015

Stress-related growth can occur after various traumas or stressful events. In order to investigate how anxiety and depression relate to stress-related growth, this study was conducted with 443 Chinese army recruits who had just finished a 3-month recruit training program. Path analyses revealed that resilience and positive/negative coping partially mediated the effect of anxiety on perceived stress-related growth, while negative coping fully mediated the relationship between depression and perceived stress-related growth. Moreover, positive coping partially carried the influence of resilience on perceived stress-related growth. Anxiety and depression may be potential targets for intervention to enhance the development of stress-related growth among Chinese army recruits.
Psychological distress and loneliness in caregiver of advanced oncological inpatients
Authors: Soylu Cem , Ozaslan Ersin , Karaca Halit , Ozkan Metin
Published: January 2015

The objective of this study is to compare and examine the relationships between levels of loneliness, anxiety, depression, and other variables on primary caregivers and cancer inpatients. The study involved 100 Turkish primary caregivers of inpatients with advanced or terminal stages of cancer. Loneliness and anxiety scores were significantly higher for the primary caregivers of inpatients with terminal stage of cancer than primary caregivers of inpatients with advanced stage of cancer. Excluding the cancer stage, loneliness and anxiety were primarily associated with the socio-demographic factors of primary caregivers rather than the characteristics of patients.
Reflexivity
Authors: Alley Sarah , Jackson Suzanne F. , Shakya Yogendra B.
Published: January 2015

Knowledge translation is a dynamic and iterative process that includes the synthesis, dissemination, exchange, and application of knowledge. It is considered the bridge that closes the gap between research and practice. Yet it appears that in all areas of practice, a significant gap remains in translating research knowledge into practical application. Recently, researchers and practitioners in the field of health care have begun to recognize reflection and reflexive exercises as a fundamental component to the knowledge translation process. As a practical tool, reflexivity can go beyond simply looking at what practitioners are doing; when approached in a systematic manner, it has the potential to enable practitioners from a wide variety of backgrounds to identify, understand, and act in relation to the personal, professional, and political challenges they face in practice. This article focuses on how reflexive practice as a methodological tool can provide researchers and practitioners with new insights and increased self-awareness, as they are able to critically examine the nature of their work and acknowledge biases, which may affect the knowledge translation process. Through the use of structured journal entries, the nature of the relationship between reflexivity and knowledge translation was examined, specifically exploring if reflexivity can improve the knowledge translation process, leading to increased utilization and application of research findings into everyday practice.
Playful Simulations Rather Than Serious Games
Authors: Pelletier Caroline , Kneebone Roger
Published: January 2015

Medical simulation has historically been studied in terms of the delivery of learning outcomes or the social construction of knowledge. Consequently, simulation-based medical education has been researched primarily in terms of the transfer of skills or the reproduction of professional communities of practice. We make a case for studying simulation-based medical education as a cultural practice, situating it within a history of gaming and simulation, and which, by virtue of distinctive aesthetics, does not simply teach skills or reproduce professional practices but rather transforms how medicine can be made sense of. Three concepts from the field of game studies—play, narrative, and simulation—are deployed to interpret an ethnographic study of hospital-based simulation centers and describe underreported phenomena, including the cooperative work involved in maintaining a fictional world, the narrative conventions by which medical intervention are portrayed, and the political consequences of simulating the division of labor.
Fool’s Gold? Assessing the Impact of the Value of Airline Loyalty Programs on Brand Equity Perceptions and Share of Wallet
Authors: Voorhees Clay M. , White Ryan C. , McCall Michael , Randhawa Praneet
Published: January 2015

Despite substantial investments in loyalty programs, hospitality industry managers and marketers are given little evidence regarding the loyalty programs’ overall effectiveness in driving consumer spending. This study of an airline’s loyalty program demonstrates the importance of brand power and the influence of customer characteristics on the value the loyalty program has on share of wallet. While loyalty programs in their current form do provide some brand building benefits, their effect on share of wallet is significantly stronger for price-seeking customers who are prone to brand switching. In contrast, the loyalty program has no direct effect on share of wallet for brand-loyal customers. The study also demonstrates the power of high-equity brands, which enjoy differentially higher gains from their loyalty programs than low-equity brands can experience. Thus, this airline’s loyalty program does provide some benefit, but perhaps not in the way the company wishes. The industry should consider their customers’ permanent characteristics (i.e., their level of loyalty or willingness to switch brands) and revise these programs to ensure that they continue to deliver value to a firm’s best customers rather than just attracting brand switching customers.
Differential induction of plasma cells by isoforms of human TACI
Authors: Garcia-Carmona Yolanda , Cols Montserrat , Ting Adrian T. , Radigan Lin , Yuk Frank J. , Zhang Li , Cerutti Andrea , Cunningham-Rundles Charlotte
Published: January 2015

Key Points

Activation of TACI on B cells leads to proliferation, isotype switch, and B-cell survival. Human TACI is produced in 2 isoforms; only the short form is a potent inducer of plasma-cell differentiation.
Inter-α inhibitor protein and its associated glycosaminoglycans protect against histone-induced injury
Authors: Chaaban Hala , Keshari Ravi S. , Silasi-Mansat Robert , Popescu Narcis I. , Mehta-D’Souza Padmaja , Lim Yow-Pin , Lupu Florea
Published: January 2015

Key Points

IAIP and its anionic carbohydrate moieties bind and inhibit the damaging effects of histones both in vitro and in vivo. Cell-surface–associated negatively charged glycocalyx and matrix-associated glycosminoglycans protect against histone-induced cytotoxicity.
AML cells have low spare reserve capacity in their respiratory chain that renders them susceptible to oxidative metabolic stress
Authors: Sriskanthadevan Shrivani , Jeyaraju Danny V. , Chung Timothy E. , Prabha Swayam , Xu Wei , Skrtic Marko , Jhas Bozhena , Hurren Rose , Gronda Marcela , Wang Xiaoming , Jitkova Yulia , Sukhai Mahadeo A. , Lin Feng-Hsu , Maclean Neil , Laister Rob , Goard Carolyn A. , Mullen Peter J. , Xie Stephanie , Penn Linda Z. , Rogers Ian M. , Dick John E. , Minden Mark D. , Schimmer Aaron D.
Published: January 2015

Key Points

AML cells have increased mitochondrial mass, low respiratory chain complex activities, and low spare reserve capacity compared with normal cells. AML cells have heightened sensitivity to inhibitors of the respiratory chain complexes and oxidative stressors.
Not all IGHV3-21 chronic lymphocytic leukemias are equal: prognostic considerations
Authors: Baliakas Panagiotis , Agathangelidis Andreas , Hadzidimitriou Anastasia , Sutton Lesley-Ann , Minga Eva , Tsanousa Athina , Scarfò Lydia , Davis Zadie , Yan Xiao-Jie , Shanafelt Tait , Plevova Karla , Sandberg Yorick , Vojdeman Fie Juhl , Boudjogra Myriam , Tzenou Tatiana , Chatzouli Maria , Chu Charles C. , Veronese Silvio , Gardiner Anne , Mansouri Larry , Smedby Karin E. , Pedersen Lone Bredo , Moreno Denis , Van Lom Kirsten , Giudicelli Véronique , Francova Hana Skuhrova , Nguyen-Khac Florence , Panagiotidis Panagiotis , Juliusson Gunnar , Angelis Lefteris , Anagnostopoulos Achilles , Lefranc Marie-Paule , Facco Monica , Trentin Livio , Catherwood Mark , Montillo Marco , Geisler Christian H. , Langerak Anton W. , Pospisilova Sarka , Chiorazzi Nicholas , Oscier David , Jelinek Diane F. , Darzentas Nikos , Belessi Chrysoula , Davi Frederic , Ghia Paolo , Rosenquist Richard , Stamatopoulos Kostas
Published: January 2015

Key Points

CLL stereotyped subset #2 (IGHV3-21/IGLV3-21) is uniformly aggressive independently of somatic hypermutation status. The prognosis for non–subset #2/IGHV3-21 CLL resembles that of the remaining CLL cases with similar somatic hypermutation status.
Tracing of paleo-shear zones by self-potential data inversion: case studies from the KTB, Rittsteig, and Grossensees graphite-bearing fault planes
Authors: Mehanee Salah A
Published: January 2015

This paper describes a new method for tracing paleo-shear zones of the continental crust by self-potential (SP) data inversion. The method falls within the deterministic inversion framework, and it is exclusively applicable for the interpretation of the SP anomalies measured along a profile over sheet-type structures such as conductive thin films of interconnected graphite precipitations formed on shear planes. The inverse method fits a residual SP anomaly by a single thin sheet and recovers the characteristic parameters (depth to the toph, extension in deptha, amplitude coefficientk, and amount and direction of dipθ) of the sheet. This method minimizes an objective functional in the space of the logarithmed and non-logarithmed model parameters (log(h), log(a), log(k), andθ) successively by the steepest descent (SD) and Gauss-Newton (GN) techniques in order to essentially maintain the stability and convergence of this inverse method. Prior to applying the method to real data, its accuracy, convergence, and stability are successfully verified on numerical examples with and without noise. The method is then applied to SP profiles from the German Continental Deep Drilling Program (Kontinentales Tiefbohrprogramm der Bundesrepublik Deutschla - KTB), Rittsteig, and Grossensees sites in Germany for tracing paleo-shear planes coated with graphitic deposits. The comparisons of geologic sections constructed in this paper (based on the proposed deterministic approach) against the existing published interpretations (obtained based on trial-and-error modeling) for the SP data of the KTB and Rittsteig sites have revealed that the deterministic approach suggests some new details that are of some geological significance. The findings of the proposed inverse scheme are supported by available drilling and other geophysical data. Furthermore, the real SP data of the Grossensees site have been interpreted (apparently for the first time ever) by the deterministic inverse scheme from which interpretive geologic cross sections are suggested. The computational efficiency, analysis of the numerical examples investigated, and comparisons of the real data inverted here have demonstrated that the developed deterministic approach is advantageous to the existing interpretation methods, and it is suitable for meaningful interpretation of SP data acquired elsewhere over graphitic occurrences on fault planes.
RRP6/EXOSC10 is required for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks by homologous recombination
Authors: Marin-Vicente Consuelo , Domingo-Prim Judit , Eberle Andrea B. , Visa Neus
Published: January 2015

The exosome acts on different RNA substrates and plays important roles in RNA metabolism. The fact that short non-coding RNAs are involved in the DNA damage response led us to investigate whether the exosome factor RRP6 of Drosophila melanogaster and its human ortholog EXOSC10 play a role in DNA repair. Here we show that RRP6 and EXOSC10 are recruited to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in S2 cells and HeLa cells, respectively. Depletion of RRP6/EXOSC10 does not interfere with the phosphorylation of the histone variant H2Av/H2AX, but impairs the recruitment of the homologous recombination factor RAD51 to the damaged sites, without affecting RAD51 levels. The recruitment of RAD51 to DSBs in S2 cells is also inhibited by overexpression of RRP6-Y361A-V5, a catalytically inactive RRP6 mutant. Furthermore, cells depleted of RRP6 or EXOSC10 are more sensitive to radiation, which is consistent with RRP6/EXOSC10 playing a role in DNA repair. RRP6/EXOSC10 can be co-immunoprecipitated with RAD51, which links RRP6/EXOSC10 to the homologous recombination pathway. Altogether, our results suggest that the ribonucleolytic activity of RRP6/EXOSC10 is required for the recruitment of RAD51 to DSBs.
Myosin5a mediates BDNF-induced postendocytic recycling of full-length TrkB and its translocation into dendritic spines
Authors: Sui Wen-Hai , Huang Shu-Hong , Wang Jue , Chen Qun , Liu Ting , Chen Zhe-Yu
Published: January 2015

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in neuronal survival, neurite outgrowth and synaptic plasticity by activating tropomyosin related kinase B receptors (TrkB). TrkB have been shown to undergo recycling after BDNF stimulation. We have previously reported that full-length TrkB (TrkB-FL) were recycled via a Rab11-dependent pathway upon BDNF stimuli, which is important for the translocation of TrkB-FL into dendritic spines and for the maintenance of prolonged BDNF downstream signaling during long-term potentiation (LTP). However, the identity of the motor protein that mediates the local transfer of recycled TrkB-FL back to the plasma membrane remains unclear. Here, we report that an F-actin-based motor protein, myosinVa (Myo5a), mediates the postendocytic recycling of TrkB-FL. Blocking the interaction between Rab11 and Myo5a by TAT-5aExonE55–66 could weaken the association between TrkB-FL and Myo5a and thus impair TrkB-FL recycling and BDNF-induced TrkB-FL translocation into dendritic spines. Finally, inhibiting Myo5a-mediated TrkB-FL recycling led to a significant reduction in prolonged BDNF downstream signaling. Through these findings, we first report that Myo5a mediates BDNF-dependent TrkB-FL recycling and contributes to BDNF-induced TrkB spine translocation and prolonged downstream signaling.
SOX9 inhibits β-TrCP-mediated protein degradation to promote nuclear GLI1 expression and cancer stem cell properties
Authors: Deng Wentao , Vanderbilt Daniel B. , Lin Chen-Chung , Martin Karen H. , Brundage Kathleen M. , Ruppert J. Michael
Published: January 2015

The High Mobility Group box protein SOX9 and the GLI1 transcription factor play protumorigenic roles in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). In Kras transgenic mice each of these factors are critical for development of PDA precursor lesions. SOX9 transcription is directly regulated by GLI1, but how SOX9 functions downstream of GLI1 is unclear. We observed positive feedback, such that SOX9-deficient PDA cells have severely repressed levels of endogenous GLI1, attributed to loss of GLI1 protein stability. Sox9 associated with the F-box domain of the SKP1/CUL1/F-box (SCF) E3 ubiquitin ligase component, β-TrCP, and suppressed its association with SKP1 and GLI1, a substrate of SCF-β-TrCP. SOX9 also tethered β-TrCP within the nucleus and promoted its degradation. SOX9 bound to β-TrCP through its C-terminal PQA/S domain that mediates transcriptional activation. Suppression of β-TrCP in SOX9-deficient PDA cells restored GLI1 levels and promoted SOX9-dependent cancer stem cell properties. These studies identify SOX9-GLI1 positive feedback as a major determinant of GLI1 protein stability and implicate β-TrCP as a latent, SOX9-bound tumor suppressor with the potential to degrade oncogenic proteins in tumor cells.
A Continuous-Time Model of Multilateral Bargaining
Authors: Ambrus Attila , Lu Shih En
Published: January 2015

We propose a finite-horizon continuous-time framework for coalitional bargaining, in which players can make offers at random discrete times. In our model: (i) expected payoffs in Markov perfect equilibrium (MPE) are unique, generating sharp predictions and facilitating comparative statics; and (ii) MPE are the only subgame perfect Nash equilibria (SPNE) that can be approximated by SPNE of nearby discrete-time bargaining models. We investigate the limit MPE payoffs as the time horizon goes to infinity and players get infinitely patient. In convex games, we establish that the set of these limit payoffs achievable by varying recognition rates is exactly the core of the characteristic function. (JEL C78)
Searching for a Bargain: Power of Strategic Commitment
Authors: Özyurt Selçuk
Published: January 2015

This paper shows that in a multilateral bargaining setting where the sellers compete á la Bertrand, a range of prices that includes the monopoly price and 0 are compatible with equilibrium, even in the limit where the reputational concerns and frictions vanish. In particular, the incentive of committing to a specific demand, the opportunity of building reputation about inflexibility, and the anxiety of preserving their reputation can tilt players' bargaining power in such a way that being deemed as a tough bargainer is bad for the competing players, and thus, price undercutting is not optimal for the sellers. (JEL C78, D43, D83)
The Core Matchings of Markets with Transfers
Authors: Chambers Christopher P. , Echenique Federico
Published: January 2015

We characterize the structure of the set of core matchings of an assignment game (a two-sided market with transfers). Such a set satisfies a property we call consistency. Consistency of a set of matchings states that, for any matching ν, if, for each agent i there exists a matching μ in the set for which μ there μ(i) = ν (i), then ν is in the set. A set of matchings satisfies consistency if and only if there is an assignment game for which all elements of the set maximize the surplus. (JEL C78)
Harsanyi's Aggregation Theorem with Incomplete Preferences
Authors: Danan Eric , Gajdos Thibault , Tallon Jean-Marc
Published: January 2015

We provide a generalization of Harsanyi's (1955) aggregation theorem to the case of incomplete preferences at the individual and social level. Individuals and society have possibly incomplete expected utility preferences that are represented by sets of expected utility functions. Under Pareto indifference, social preferences are represented through a set of aggregation rules that are utilitarian in a generalized sense. Strengthening Pareto indifference to Pareto preference provides a refinement of the representation. (JEL D01, D11, D71)
Sharp for SARP: Nonparametric Bounds on Counterfactual Demands
Authors: Blundell Richard , Browning Martin , Cherchye Laurens , Crawford Ian , De Rock Bram , Vermeulen Frederic
Published: January 2015

Sharp nonparametric bounds are derived for counterfactual demands and Hicksian compensating and equivalent variations. These “i-bounds” refine and extend earlier results of Blundell, Browning, and Crawford (2008). We show that their bounds are sharp under the Weak Axiom of Revealed Preference (WARP) since they do not require transitivity. The new bounds are sharp under the Strong Axiom of Revealed Preference (SARP). By requiring transitivity they can be used to bound welfare measures. The new bounds on welfare measures are shown to be operationalized through algorithms that are easy to implement. (JEL D04, D11)