bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparative research of the fresh fruit bunch productivity between three-wheeler machine and buffalo assisted in-field collection in Muadzam, Pahang, Malaysia
Authors: Nazari N , Saili A R , Zulkefli F , Syahlan S
Published: April 2023

Background: Malaysia's palm oil exports may experience a steady increase due to the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict. Although the demand for palm oil is increasing, there is still a significant labor shortage in the plantation industry. As a result, the use of machinery has become a key component in Malaysia's oil palm plantation industries, particularly for in-field collection.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of a three-wheeler machine and BAIC as a harvesting mechanization in the oil palm estate.

Design/Methodology/Approach: This study involved a time and motion study to make a comparison between the performance of a three-wheeler machine and BAIC.

Findings: The trials proved that the total average productivity for three-wheeler machines and BAIC is 12.81 mt/day and 4.55 mt/day, respectively. Additionally, the average productivity for each harvester that uses a three-wheeler machine is 3.2 MT/day/harvester, while for BAIC it is 2.27 MT/day/harvester. The cost-effectiveness of a three-wheeler machine is MYR 7.28/mt/harvester, while for BAIC it is MYR 1.41/mt/harvester (MYR = Malaysian Ringgit).

Conclusion: The use of a three-wheeler machine has been proven to increase the productivity of FFBs. Although using a three-wheeler machine requires more caution, it really makes the in-field collection process for labour much easier for the laborers, ultimately improving productivity rates and increasing laborers’ pay.

Research Limitations: It is quite difficult to find an estate that still uses buffalo for in-field collection because most of the estates have switched to machinery.

Practical Implications: This research can be used as a reference and guidelines to improve estate management and ensures the sustainability of the oil palm industry around the world.

Contribution to Literature: The literature on BAIC will be expanded by this study, particularly in the area of oil palm plantations.
¿Qué se sabe de las ciudades prehispánicas de Oaxaca, México?
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Fahmel Beyer Bernd
Published: April 2023

En el presente trabajo se discuten las características formales de dos ciudades oaxaqueñas y la noción que la arquitectura monumental permite entender las antiguas jerarquías políticas y culturales. Para ello se contrastan las principales hipótesis sobre la gran plaza de Monte Albán con la información recuperada en el pueblo viejo de San Dionisio Ocotepec. A diferencia de Monte Albán, donde la clase gobernante ocupó unos cuantos grupos arquitectónicos y palacios en lo alto del cerro, las construcciones de Lass Guie’é abarcan numerosas lomas y explanadas dedicadas al comercio y otras actividades. Con base en los recorridos de superficie y estudios espaciales queda claro que cada vecindario de este lugar se organizó por separado, aunque todos habrían interactuado en función de las tareas sustantivas de la ciudad. Esta complementariedad debió ser cosa común en las urbes mesoamericanas, por lo que la base de datos recién elaborada servirá para analizar la estructura social de otros sitios de la entidad.
Notre Dame enciende la llama de la discordia
Authors:   Universidad de Guanajuato, De la Torre Marina Inés
Published: April 2023

El incendio de Notre Dame ocurrido en abril de 2019, ha encendido también la llama de la discordia en torno a la restauración de bienes patrimoniales en general, y a la emblemática catedral, en particular. Las intenciones declaradas por el gobierno francés en relación al tema, lejos de ser unívocas, fueron evolucionando conforme avanzaban los trabajos de acondicionamiento del edificio. La decisión definitiva de conservar y restaurar Notre Dame de manera idéntica, regresándola a su estado anterior al siniestro, contradice claramente sus declaraciones iniciales. La determinación sugiere varias entradas de análisis. Desde la teoría de la restauración enunciada por el conjunto de Cartas Internacionales, esta decisión resulta claramente discutible. Sin embargo, si el análisis se contextualiza a partir del conocimiento de la historia de las prácticas de la conservación de monumentos en Francia, ésta adquiere más sentido. Aun así, soslayando ambas consideraciones, lo más revelador (y un tanto decepcionante) es el carácter prosaico de algunas de las razones que condujeron a esta definitiva determinación. Todo parece sugerir que, para lograr el cumplimiento del plazo de obra previsto para septiembre de 2024, fecha de celebración de las Olimpíadas en París, se optó por transitar caminos aprendidos, desestimando el desafío de lo nuevo, claramente más incierto en sus procesos de gestión y ejecución. Todo ello sucede en un contexto marcado por imponderables tales como la contaminación por plomo, la inestabilidad estructural del edificio y la contingencia sanitaria, entre otros. Las páginas siguientes ofrecen un análisis crítico en torno a esta provisoria tesis.
Matched Cohort Study of Open Thoracostomies Performed by Ground Medics
Authors: Smith Alison , Ciaraglia Angelo , Axtman Benjamin , Winckler CJ , Wampler David , Braverman Maxwell , Shahan C. Patrick , Babbitt Jonas Rachelle , Shiels Michael , Eastridge Brian , Stewart Ronald , Nicholson Susannah , Jenkins Donald
Published: April 2023

Background: Tension pneumothorax resulting from chest trauma is a rapidly fatal condition that requires prompt treatment.  Prehospital open thoracostomy (POT) is a potentially lifesaving intervention that can be performed in the field to treat tension pneumothorax. However, the results from POT performed by ground EMS providers have not been well-studied. The objective of this study was to compare outcomes for patients with chest trauma who underwent POT performed by ground EMS providers with a matched cohort who did not undergo this procedure in the field.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of consecutive adult patients presenting to a Level I trauma center with chest trauma were analyzed from 2017-2020. Outcomes were compared to a patient cohort who did not undergo POT matched by severity of injury and prehospital CPR.

Results: A total of 14 POT patients were identified.  Majority of POT were bilateral (n=11/14, 78.6%) and all of these patients (n=14/14) had prehospital cardiac arrest. Return of spontaneous circulation was obtained in 2 patients with penetrating injuries (14.3%). There was no difference in total and scene EMS time compared to the matched cohort without POT (p>0.05).

Conclusions: This study demonstrated that open thoracostomies could be performed by ground EMS units without increasing prehospital time for severely injured trauma patients and greater achievement of ROSC. Larger, prospective, multi-institutional analyses are needed to further evaluate outcomes.
Pensamiento estadistico en la toma de decisiones
Authors: Siza Moposita Segundo Fabián , Sáez Paguay Miguel Angel , Játiva Brito Michael Estefania
Published: April 2023

Aunque la estadística se enseña hoy día en todos los niveles educativos, al ser una herramienta fundamental en la vida personal y profesional, son muchos los estudiantes que finalizan los cursos de estadística sin comprender correctamente o ser capaces de aplicar los conceptos y procedimientos estadísticos, como se muestra en la amplia investigación sobre el tema
Technical and forensic support for the investigation of war crimes: Concept, purpose, individual areas of development
Authors: Filipov Yurii
Published: April 2023

The relevance of this study is conditioned upon the need to investigate the technical and forensic support for the investigation of war crimes that are massively committed in the context of a full-scale military invasion of russia on the territory of Ukraine. The purpose of this study was to define the term “technical and forensic support for the investigation of war crimes”, its purpose and components; to consider the technical equipment used to search for people who disappeared during the war, to identify hidden corpses of people who died during the war, to establish their identity. The study employed a set of scientific methods: terminological, system-structural, formal logical, comparative legal. The terms “technical and forensic support” and “technical and forensic means” were analysed, and the definition of technical and forensic support for war crimes was proposed. The following components of technical and forensic support were investigated: scientific, legal, organizational, educational and methodological, scientific and technical, material and technical support. Attention was drawn to the specific features of technical and forensic support for the investigation of war crimes: constant readiness of authorized entities to use technical means and methods; integrated use of technological systems; involvement of numerous information resources; coordination of work on technical equipment of law enforcement agencies with the provision of other departments, including the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The study focuses on the possibility of using technical and forensic support for the investigation of war crimes by security investigators together with National Police investigators. It was concluded that the technical and forensic support for the investigation of crimes includes a system of legal, scientific, organizational measures aimed at the effective use of technical means and their corresponding methods for investigating criminal offences. Promising areas of development of technical and forensic support for the investigation of war crimes are as follows: the use of drone-made evidence (aerial photography); the use of ground-based 3D scanning; the introduction of systems for detecting and visualizing biological traces of participants in war crimes and their victims; the development of identification and search engines for identifying people involved in the commission of war crimes on the territory of Ukraine
Regulatory consolidation of coercion as a prerogative of the rule of law: A literary review
Authors: Tanase Oleg
Published: April 2023

The right to coercion and the possibility of its application is an integral attribute of the state, its bodies, i.e., it is possible to discuss the state’s monopoly on coercion. Regardless of whether the requirements of legal norms are fulfilled voluntarily, coercion stays an integral part of their implementation. Legal coercion is inextricably linked to the rule of law and human rights. This connection is especially felt in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, which have recently been freed from totalitarianism, the dictatorship of ideological norms, dominance, and the spread of coercion. The purpose of this study, the results of which are presented in this paper, is to reveal the essence of legal coercion at the theoretical level, analyse and generalize the scientific opinions of scientists who have already expressed themselves on this matter. The study uses a natural law approach and several methods aimed at a systematic and meaningful analysis of the problems of state coercion, the key of which are logical, dialectical, historical, and integrative methods. As a result of this study, it was established that the legal coercion applied by the state should make provision for proportional measures and sanctions in such a way as, on the one hand, to create the necessary inhibitory factors in the minds of those who try to break the law. On the other hand, it is coercion that should increase the sense of security in others, instilling in them the belief that the law, the state protects them and that there is no point in resorting to non-state, unofficial means to take the law into their own hands. The scientific significance of this study lies in the fact that it is one of the first studies covering the issue of legal coercion in the context of its use by the state to exercise its power in modern political and legal realities. In a practical sense, the results of this study may be important for improving legal regulation with an emphasis on coercion, specifically when adopting criminal law norms
Kambiyo Senetlerinde Ehliyet ve Ehliyetsizliğin Mutlak Def’i Olarak İleri Sürülmesi
Authors: GÜNGÖR Seda Ş.
Published: April 2023

Kıymetli evrakın uygulamada en çok kullanılan türü kambiyo senetleridir. Kambiyo senetleri poliçe, bono ve çekten oluşur. Kambiyo senetleri, kamu güvenliği açısından senedin tedavülünün korunması amacıyla sıkı şekil şartlarına uyularak düzenlenmektedir. Türk Hukukunda kambiyo senedine dayanarak hak kazanılması için hak ehliyetine sahip olmak yeterliyken, kambiyo taahhüdünde bulunabilmek için fiil ehliyetine sahip olunması gerekmektedir. Sadece tam ehliyetli kişiler herhangi bir izne ya da onaya gerek olmadan geçerli olarak kambiyo taahhüdünde bulunabilirler. Kambiyo senetlerinde borçluya borcunu yerine getirmekten kaçınma imkânı veren savunmalar, def’i adı altında itiraz ve def’i kavramlarını da kapsayacak şekilde düzenlenmiştir. Bir geçersizlik def’i olarak nitelendirilen ehliyetsizlik, mutlak def’i olması sebebiyle, senetle borç altına giren herkes tarafından herkese karşı ileri sürülebilir. Bununla birlikte senette imzası bulunan kişilerden birisinin ehliyetsiz olması senedin geçerli olması koşuluyla senette imzası bulunan diğer kişilerin taahhütlerinin geçerliliğini etkilemez.
Pendidkan Seksual Di LP Maarif Untuk Mengurangi Permohonan Dispensasi Nikah Sebagai Ihtiar Membangun Peradaban Manusia.
Authors: Fajrin Ahmad Hanif , Fahmi Moh. Farih , Ainun M. Thoha
Published: April 2023

This article tries to examine and discuss the role of the Nahdlatul Ulama in minimizing requests for dispensation from marriage that occurred in several areas in East Java, one of which is in Blitar. This request for a marriage dispensation is one of the challenges because it can damage the nation's civilization which has noble cultural values. There are several things discussed in this article which include (1) the impact of the Marriage Dispensation on national civilization; (2) The role of LP Ma'arif NU Blitar in minimizing the factors causing the dispensation of marriage; (3) what is the multiperspective perspective of marriage dispensation for national civilization. The results of this study are that the application for a marriage dispensation is not in accordance with a good solution because it can have an impact on society, the economy and the Islamic religion. To minimize this, Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) needs the important role of the LP Maarif institution as an institution assigned to oversee formal educational institutions under NU whose citizens are dominant in East Java, especially in Blitar Raya
Fungal Infection Prevalence among Patients with Chronic Wounds in Owerri Metropolis
Authors: Excel Dunga Kingsley , Basil Nwokocha Akobundu , Njoku J. O. , Ihuarulam Okoro Chinyere , Ohalette C. N. , Johnkennedy Nnodim , Jessica Ekeleme Ezinne , Jude Ofoegbu Nnamdi
Published: April 2023

A total of 120 wound swabs were submitted by patients attending various hospitals in the South East Zone of the Nigerian metropolis of Owerri. The samples were taken from infected wounds that were left untreated for more than a month. The patients were between the ages of 16 and 72. 51 women and 69 men were present. Although none of the subjects got antifungal medication, they all used antibiotics in some capacity. The swabs were cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) with Chloramphenicol and Brain Heart Infusion Agar (BHI) and incubated at 25°C for up to 21 days. Negative cultures were removed after 28 days. Positive cultures were identified based on their growth rate, colony morphology, and microscopic morphology. A tease mount was made on each mold isolation to help with identification. A germ tube test was used to identify Candida albicans, and a moist preparation was used to identify yeast isolates.

Of the 11 individuals, 3 (27.3%) had Zygomycetes isolates, of which 2 (18%) were Rhizopus and 1 (9.1%) was Mucor. 7 of the individuals (63.7%), of whom 3 (27.3%) were Candida tropicalis and 4 (36.4%) were Candida albicans, had isolated Candida species. Trichophyton rubrum isolate was found in 1 (9.1%) of the subjects. The statistical analysis showed no statistically significant differences between the male and female groups or the proportion of isolates found. In spite of this, there was a significant difference between the groups with and without isolates (p.001), with the difference favoring the group without isolates. The number of isolates found and the various kinds of wounds showed no discernible difference either. There was no obvious difference between the different age groups and the proportion of isolates found, nor between the different institutions that provide wound dressing and the isolates found. The high rate of fungus-related wound infections found in the study and the absence of antifungal therapy in wound care underscores the need to increase public awareness of fungus-related wound infections and incorporate antifungal therapy into the management of chronic wounds.
RELATIVISTIC MASS OF SPINNING BLACK HOLES IN AGN
Authors: MAHTO DIPO , KUMAR AJAY , PASWAN RAKESH
Published: April 2023

Aims:  To calculate the relativistic mass of spinning black holes in AGN on the basis of model formulated with the help of the model for estimation of mass of black holes M=rv2/G [1,2] and the model for variation of Universal constant (G) with spinning velocity of black holes  in the strong gravitational field as proposed by Mahto et al. [3].

Study Design: The data for the mass of spinning black holes in AGN in ranging from 106 to 109.5 solar masses [2] and spinning velocity from 50 to 100% of velocity of light [4] and radius of event horizon corresponding to the masses from 1.475x109m to 1.475x1012m [5] have been used to calculate the required results. This work is a supplement part of the research paper entitled: Relativistic Mass of Spinning Black Holes in XRBs published in Research Square (preprint, 2023) and communicated to Astrophysics and Space Science (2022).

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Physics, Marwari College under TMBU Bhagalpur from January 2021 to September 2023 and Bhagalpur College of Engineering, Bhagalpur under DST, Govt. of Bihar, India from October, 2023 to January 2023.

Methodology: The present work is completely theoretical based on specific model and data analysis. The work is completed at the residence of author as well as personal chamber of the working institution.

Results: The work gives the calculation for the relativistic mass of spinning black holes in the case of AGN to give the confirmation of the validity of special relativity.

Conclusion:  The present work gives the validity in support of theory of relativity in AGN as well as proposed model and can be frequently used for the estimation of the relativistic mass of AGN SBHs.
Stages of Development and Metamorphosis of Tree Frog Rhacophorus Bipunctatus (Amphibia, Anura, Rhacophoridae)
Authors: Iangrai A. J. , Hooroo R. N. K.
Published: April 2023

Amphibians are the highest vertebrate group to retain an essentially naked egg and the only vertebrate group which has an aquatic larval stage and a terrestrial adult phase. One of the prominent life history characteristics common to most living amphibians is the presence of an aquatic larval period, which immediately follows the initial embryonic development after fertilization and ends with the completion of metamorphosis. Metamorphosis in anurans involves resorption of the tail, development of the front and hind limbs and large changes in most organ system. Proper staging of the larval period is therefore necessary for accurate comparison of developmental stages in different organisms. Hence, several workers [1-3] have reported on tables of normal stages of development for a number of species. Keeping in view the paucity of information on the development and metamorphosis of tree frogs from Meghalaya, it was decided to study the development and metamorphosis of the tree frog Rhacophorus bipunctatus at Cherrepunjee, Meghalaya. The present study was conducted during the breeding season (April to August). In the present study it was found that, the development and metamorphosis of Rhacophorus bipunctatus was completed in about 59 – 60 days under natural environment as well as in the laboratory condition. This tree frog was observed to be dependent on the rain fed pools at the breeding sites to complete their life cycle.
PERFORMANCES OF THE PRIMARY HEALTH-CARE FACILITIES IN BANGLADESH: DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS
Authors: Bhuiyan Sharmeen Mobin
Published: April 2023

Ensuring optimal use of resources reduces waste and enhances performance. In a country like Bangladesh, estimating the level of technical efficiency is of paramount importance. The study measured the technical efficiency of primary public health-care facilities using Data Envelopment Analysis. Manpower was found to be an important determinant of efficiency. Hence, providers' presence at the facility should be ensured to improve performance. More than half of the facilities were inefficient. Decision-makers should identify the causes of low efficiency and adopt measures to increase efficiency and hence improve performance.
PARP Inhibitors for the Treatment of BRCA1/ 2-Mutated Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kunwor Ranju , Silver Daniel P. , Abu-Khalaf Maysa
Published: April 2023

Background:

The PARP inhibitors (PARPis) olaparib and talazoparib are currently approved for the treatment of deleterious germline BRCA1/2-mutated (gBRCA+) metastatic breast cancer (MBC). These approvals were based on improvements in progression-free survival (PFS) observed in two randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Other PARPis, such as veliparib and niraparib, have also been studied. We conducted this meta-analysis of RCTs to assess the PFS and overall survival (OS) benefits of PARPis in gBRCA + MBC.

Methods:

We performed a systematic search for RCTs using the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases up to March 2021. Only phase II and III RCTs evaluating PFS and OS for PARPis alone or in combination with chemotherapy (CT) and comparing the findings with standard CT were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled analysis of the hazard ratio (HR) was performed with RevMan v5.4 using a random effects method.

Results:

Five RCTs with a total of 1563 BRCA-mutated MBC patients were included in this meta-analysis. Temozolomide was used in the treatment arm in the BROCADE trial. Since temozolomide has limited effects on breast cancer, this arm was excluded from our meta-analysis. A statistically significant increase in PFS was observed in the PARPi group compared to the standard CT group (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.56–0.74; P < 0.00001). However, the differences in OS did not reach statistical significance (HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.77–1.02; P = 0.09). Moreover, differences were not observed in the adverse event profile between the two groups (odds ratio, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.84–1.64; P = 0.33).

Conclusion:

The results of our meta-analysis confirm the previously reported PFS benefit of PARPis over standard CT. PARPis lead to superior PFS in gBRCA + MBC when used alone or in combination with standard CT. The OS benefit is similar between PARPis and standard CT. Ongoing trials are evaluating the benefits of PARPis in early stage gBRCA + BC.
Acquired Amegakaryocytic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: A Review of Therapeutic Options
Authors: Hussain Syed A. , Zafar Aneeqa , Faisal Hafsa , Ud Din Mohammad A.
Published: April 2023

Acquired amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenic purpura (AATP) is a rare bone marrow disorder characterized by either a marked decrease or a complete absence of megakaryocytes with the preservation of all other cell lines. To date, more than 60 cases of AATP have been reported in the literature. Due to the rarity of this disease, no standard treatment guidelines have been established, and therapy is based on a handful of case studies and expert opinions. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of currently utilized therapeutic options for AATP.
Online Consumerism: Customer’s Orientation in E-buying Impulsivity
Authors: Zaman Nadeem Uz , Ahmed Ammarah , Ghutai Gul , Brohi Manzoor Ali , Durrani Mohammad Zuhair
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing e-buying impulsivity among a sample of 328 individuals using adopted scales through a survey. The study found that gender had no effect on e-buying impulsivity, with no significant difference found in the impulsivity of males and females in high-tech e-buying behavior. However, several factors were found to have a significant impact on impulsivity, including webstore shopping experience, general shopping trend, online shopping experience, and emotion/mood. The regression analysis revealed that general shopping trends, customer's income, and online shopping experience were positively associated with e-buying impulsivity. In-store and online shopping experience were also found to be positively associated with e-buying impulsivity. These findings provide insights into the factors that influence e-buying impulsivity, which could be valuable for marketers and businesses in designing effective marketing strategies.
موقف الاجتهاد الامامي من الاتجاه المقاصدي في الاستنباط دراسة تحليلية
Authors: أ.م.د اسعد عبد الرزاق طعمه الأسدي
Published: April 2023

يعد الاجتهاد بوصفه ممارسة بشرية لفهم النص الديني من المجالات القابلة للتطور والتغير في إطار تطور العلوم والمعارف, وهو بطبيعة الحال يتأثر بمختلف الرؤى والأفكار التي تطرح في بيئاتها المختلفة, وقد تنامت عدة اتجاهات في ممارسة الاجتهاد واستنباط الاحكام الشرعية, لدى أغلب المذاهب الفقهية, ولم يكن الفقه الإمامي بمعزل عن تلك التطورات العلمية التي مر بها الاجتهاد, بل كان له موقفه الخاص إزاءها, ومن أبرز ما تم ملاحظته من قبل علماء الإمامية هو المنحى المقاصدي في الإجتهاد, فقديما كانت بعض إشارات وحديثا كانت دراسات متخصصة, لكن الموقف النهائي بقي غامضا إلى حد ما, لذلك تناول البحث الرؤية الاجتهادية لدى فقهاء الإمامية إزاء الاتجاه المقاصدي فضلا عن البدائل النظرية التي تبناها فقهاء الإمامية في سبيل ملئ الفراغ التشريعي وما لا نص فيه, وقد تمت الإشارة الى بعض المقارابات والمفارقات بين مسالك الاستنباط لدى الإمامية والاتجاه المقاصدي من خلال الوقوف على بعض التفصيلات المهمة التي من شأنها أن تزيل بعض الغموض لتحدد الموقف الذي يمكن التماسه إلى حد ما لدى الكثير من علماء الإمامية بخصوص المشترك المعرفي الاتجاهين المقاصدي والامامي
النقاط الأخلاقية الثابتة: توجهات معاصرة للأخلاق اللاطبيعية
Authors: آمال علي فلحي
Published: April 2023

تم التخلي عن الواقعية الأخلاقية غير الطبيعية من قبل الفلاسفة في مكان ما في منتصف القرن العشرين ، عندما تُركت لتصدأ وتنسى، على الرغم من حقيقة أن الرؤية أصبحت صدئة ، إلاّ أنها لم تضيع. مما أثار استياء الكثيرين ، أن هذا النوع من الواقعية الأخلاقية (من الآن فصاعدًا ، مجرد غير طبيعية) تم استرداده واستعادته وعاد إلى المحادثة الميتاأخلاقية السائدة كوجهة نظر تستحق معالجة دقيقة. هدف هذا البحث إظهار الموارد التي يجب على الواقعية الأخلاقية غير الطبيعية مواجهة الانتقادات الفلسفية والمعرفية من خلال تعزيز وجهة النظر في بعض المجالات الجديدة. سوف ندافع عن الادعاء الأساسي بأن هناك العديد من الادعاءات الأخلاقية الموضوعية التي هي أيضًاً حقائق مفاهيمية غير طبيعية. يُشار إلى هذه الأفكار بالنقاط الأخلاقية الثابتة. يجب أن ندعي أنه يجب أن يكون لهم دور في أي قانون أخلاقي يحكم الأنواع التي يمكن مقارنتها بأنفسنا في الكواكب مثل كوكبنا. يمكن لعلماء الطبيعة أن يبتدعوا نظرية تتقبل الانتقادات الأكثر بروزًا التي وجهت إليها وجذابة للغاية في حد ذاتها من خلال الالتزام بتصريحات حقيقية من هذا النوع. نحن ندرك أن تقديم التزامات من هذا النوع في الأنطولوجيا له ثمن. على الرغم من أننا نعتقد أن الالتزامات من وجهة نظرنا لا تضيف أي ألغاز جديدة وغير مرحب بها ، فإننا مع ذلك نحتاج إلى شرح أنفسنا. سنحقق ذلك بالطريقة التقليدية ، مع التأكيد على جميع الأعمال المفيدة التي تقوم بها مساهماتنا الوجودية. نأمل أن نثبت أن الفجوة بين المذهب غير الطبيعي والمذهب الطبيعي قد لا تكون كبيرة كما افترض الكثيرون ، وكذلك أن نسختنا المفضلة من اللاطبيعية يمكن أن تقدم ، بطريقة موحدة بشكل مبهج ، إجابات مرضية لتحديات مثل تلك التي تم الاستشهاد بها سابقًا. يشكك في مؤهلات وجهة النظر المعرفية والميتافيزيقية.
من شعرية الانزياح في مجموع (لاحد احد سواي يجيدك) لغرام الربيعي – اختياراً
Authors: أ.م.د صالح مجيد الخزرجي
Published: April 2023

يحاول هذا البحث الإشتغال على نظرية غربية ارتكزت على بؤرة رئيسة في شعرية الشعر، وهي شعرية الانزياح متخذاً من مدونة معاصرة لأديبة عراقية أنموذجاً للأديب العراقي المعاصر وقد اتخذت الاديبة غرام الربيعي من (الكتابات المنزاحة) ميداناً لها محاولة منها لتجديد هذا النمط الإبداعي وضخّه بمياه جديدة بواسطة الانزياح ، الذي تشعب على نمطين
طرائق تحديد دلالة "مِن" عند الخضري في ضوء السياق دراسة تحليلية
Authors: م.د خيرالله مهدي جاسم الزغير
Published: April 2023

البحث دراسة تحليلية في الطرائق التي يسلكها النحوي في تحديد معنى الأداة، إذ تتعدد الطرائق في تحديد معنى الأداة، وقد كان البحث دراسة في حاشية الخضري على ألفية ابن مالك وبيان الطرائق التي سلكها الخضري في تحديد معنى الأداة، وكان اختيارنا لأداة واحدة وهي حرف الجرِّ "من" فالبحث ليس دراسة في بيان الخلاف بين النحويين في تحديد معنى الأداة، بل هو دراسة تحلِّل توظيف الخضري للسياق والضابطة والتعليل في تسويغ القول بمعنى معيَّن لـ "من" في موطن من المواطن دون غيره، ومن جانب آخر سعى البحث إلى بيان مقدار صلاح  مراعاة السياق أو الضابطة أو التعليل في تحديد معنى "من" وهل الطرائق حاكمة على تحديد المعنى أو إنَّها وسائل لبيان المعنى الأقرب مع احتمال المعنى الآخر، والكلام الأخير هو ما نستطيع أن نستقيه من المعالجات التي يعرضها الخضري، إذ الطرائق على الغالب حاكمة في موطن دون آخر.
Quando a peregrinação se torna produto midiático
Authors: Sousa Marco Túlio de , Rosa Ana Paula da
Published: April 2023

Séculos atrás, peregrinos do Caminho de Santiago de Compostela eram desprovidos do contato com o lar por longos períodos enquanto estavam na rota. O relato da experiência era compartilhado com familiares e amigos apenas no retorno. A partir do século XX, telefones fixos, computadores conectados à internet e celulares reduziram o tempo necessário para compartilhamento dessa experiência com o mundo externo. Ao analisar narrativas de peregrinação publicadas na internet (Facebook, blogs), a pesquisa infere que a experiência íntima dos peregrinos converteu-se em produto midiático que, quando em circulação midiática, interfere tanto na construção da narrativa quanto no modo de vivenciar a experiência no Caminho.
Rap e literatura:
Authors: Carvalho Nathalie Resende de
Published: April 2023

Este trabalho visa a explicitar algumas reflexões, sob o ponto de vista do interacionismo sociodiscursivo (ISD), a partir de uma análise teórico-interpretativa do gênero musical RAP enquanto atividade de expressão com foco nas interações sociais. Nesse contexto, esse artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a releitura do poema Navio Negreiro, de Castro Alves, a partir da música do rapper Slim Rimografia, numa perspectiva social da linguagem como atividade de interação social. Para tanto, busca-se trazer conceitos relevantes como texto e gênero, presentes nos estudos do ISD, bem como a relação dialógica que se estabelece no estilo musical RAP.... Assim, partindo do pressuposto de que a abordagem de base sociointeracionista é um dos caminhos possíveis para esta análise, torna-se válido destacar como as formações discursivas podem ressignificar a literatura e fortalecer o campo das ideias de que a construção do processo de interação pode ocupar uma territorialidade discursiva capaz de dialogar com diferentes gêneros textuais. O RAP em questão retrata aspectos sócio-históricos da cultura afro-brasileira e, por isso, pode ser entendido como prática de discurso capaz de transitar em várias linguagens, atualizando, assim, o texto poético. Para tanto, a fim de assinalar as especificidades desse objeto de estudo e suas formas materiais produzidas e postas em circulação nas esferas sociais do mundo contemporâneo, serão utilizadas abordagens sociointeracionistas e discursivo-dialógicas presentes nos princípios teóricos de Volóchinov (2017), Bronckart (2006; 2008) e Bakhtin (2011).
Mecanismos enunciativos e a redação do Enem:
Authors: Sant'Ana Ana Luisa Ribeiro Rodrigues de , Dieguez Tiago
Published: April 2023

O Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM), atualmente a principal porta de entrada para as Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) do país, é constituído por questões objetivas e uma redação de texto dissertativo-argumentativo com foco em uma situação-problema de impacto nacional. Tal redação é corrigida tendo como parâmetros 5 competências, dentre as quais se destaca a de número IV, em que o candidato deve demonstrar possuir conhecimento dos recursos linguísticos necessários para construir a argumentação do seu texto. A premissa inicial deste trabalho é a de que a correção do exame, quanto ao uso dos operadores argumentativos, implica, maioritariamente, critérios formais e quantitativos, em detrimento de outros aspectos relevantes na construção argumentativa do texto. Considerando esse cenário, apresentamos uma análise discursivo-dialógica pautada, principalmente, nos estudos do sociointeracionismo, buscando evidenciar mecanismos enunciativos presentes na construção da argumentação de alguns excertos de redações do ENEM. Como conclusão, argumentamos que o ensino das habilidades e competências na produção textual pode se beneficiar de uma visão que vá além do estudo da superfície do texto, incorporando a compreensão dos mecanismos enunciativos, ou seja, um estudo em que as instâncias discursivas, o gerenciamento ou a mobilização das vozes e a modalização sejam considerados.
A Theory of Aspects for Aspect-Oriented Software Development
Authors: Chavez Christina von Flach G. , Lucena Carlos J. P. de
Published: April 2023

Aspect-Oriented Software Development (AOSD) is an emerging area with the goal of promoting advanced separation of concerns throughout the software development lifecycle. However, since there are many different approaches to Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP), it is very difficult to identify the essential concepts and properties for supporting the design of aspect-oriented languages and tools, and effectively promote advances in the field of AOSD. In this context, this paper presents a theory of aspects – a conceptual framework for AOP that provides consistent terminology and basic semantics for thinking about a problem in terms of the core concepts and properties that characterize the aspect-oriented style as an emerging paradigm to software development. This theory has been used for evaluating existing aspect-oriented languages and tools and, in special, it has been used to characterize aSide, an aspect-oriented modeling language.
Early Verification of Software Behavior in a Time Interval Framework
Authors: Silva Paulo Sérgio Muniz
Published: April 2023

Verification of software behavior in early moments of the development process is not an easy task. Typically, software engineers draw diagrams to reason about the software functional behavior, for example, drawing Message Sequence Charts (MSCs). Not always does the intended behavior described by MSCs correspond to their actual behavior. To help the verification of the actual behavior of MSCs, this paper describes an interpretation of (basic) MSCs in a temporal framework that formally represents the qualitative, and possibly imprecise, temporal information conveyed in MSCs. The framework is an algebra of binary relations on time intervals, and provides rules of reasoning about the temporal information. The interpretation provides a polynomialtime solution to the verification problem and lays the foundations of a model checking tool.
Vom Nutzen der Kultur
Authors: Mölders Marc , Schuppan Tino
Published: April 2023

In dem Artikel wird aufgezeigt und untersucht, wie die Aspekte Mikropolitik und Kultur Management- und insbesondere Digitalisierungsreformen beeinflussen. Allzu oft werden diese wichtigen Variablen in Projekten vernachlässigt, obwohl in deren Beachtung der Schlüssel für Veränderung liegt. Insbesondere aus mikropolitischer und organisationskultureller Sicht zeigt sich, warum Änderungen so schwer umzusetzen sind und wo man ansetzen muss. Ein wichtiger Aspekt scheint konkret die Übersetzung zu sein: Verhaltenserwartungen von außen angemessen in die Organisation zu übersetzen und umgekehrt. Wenn dies gelingt, sind auch Veränderungen erwartbar.
Multinationale Unternehmen im Welthandel
Authors: Weller Stefan
Published: April 2023

The book provides a comprehensive and application-oriented introduction to the topic of location decisions of multinational enterprises. Within the framework of a mathematical analysis, the basic problem is analysed using the methods of network economics, linear programming and duality theory. In addition, suitable methods and the economic calculation for decision-making are discussed. An essential scientific contribution of this work is the development of a classification scheme for the different cases of site selection in the form of a reference system. This system enables the mathematical analysis of the basic problem of site selection - taking into account the respective market situation - in the form of distinguishable cases in a network.
MEASURES OF COERCIVE INFLUENCE ON JUVENILE OFFENDERS
Authors: Копылова Ольга Петровна , Старкова София Александровна
Published: April 2023

В статье рассматривается вопрос о применении мер принудительного воздействия в отношении несовершеннолетних.

The article discusses the issue of the use of coercive measures against minors.
ЭВАКУАЦИЯ ПРИ ТУШЕНИИ ПОЖАРА ИЗ АДМИНИСТРАТИВНЫХ ЗДАНИЙ С ВОЛЬЕРАМИ В ЗООПАРКЕ
Authors: Сергеева Галина Александровна , Карленко Ирина Сергеевна
Published: April 2023

В статье рассматривается проведение эвакуации животных и людей из помещений зоопарка.

The article discusses the evacuation of animals and people from the premises of the zoo.
Lie for the Other
Authors: Oran Rauf ,   Romanian Academy - Iasi Branch
Published: April 2023

It is a widely held view that lying is defined in the traditional tripartite model as the conjunction of a statement, the false belief, and the intended deception. Much of the criticisms have been levelled at the third condition—intended deception—with contemporary counterexamples. My main criticism of the traditional and contemporary model of lying centres on that philosophers discard the social existence of the hearer. Schutz‘s phenomenological sociology gives a sheer inspiration to redefine the third condition by taking the hearer as a consciously social being into account. Lying should be an intersubjective action for the Other from the perspective of the liar; it might be, thus, reasonable to assume that there should be commonsense awareness between the speaker and the hearer. This paper, by focusing on this commonsenseness and its typifications , introduces a new approach to the third condition: S must intend that H be induced to believe that p, where p is false. In this regard, once you lie, by being subjected to the taken-for-granted commonsenseness in our daily life, you must try as hard as possible to succeed in deceiving the hearer by stating that p. You, as a typical person, tell a typical lie in typical contexts for typical Others. The focus of attention, therefore, is on the hearer and it is the key to understanding that mere intent to deceive is too broad and unpragmatic for a social human being who always intends to flee the negative consequences of the context in which she has to lie. Making the extension narrower necessitates a new term, anti-social bullshit generally being replied rhetorically as "how can you expect me to believe that?" comprises the excluded cases.
The Effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation on Sleep Quality and Anxiety Level of Students Confirmed Covid-19
Authors: Supriatin Titin , Trihandayani Yani , Nurhayani Yani , Rithpho Pratuma
Published: April 2023

Coronavirus disease is a virus that causes respiratory system disorders. Based on data from the Indonesian Ministry of Health, 2022, the number of covid-19 exposures that have been confirmed positive is 6,512,913, recovered as 6,319,990 died 158,768. Progressive muscle relaxation focuses on muscle activity. The purpose of this exercise is to lower the tension. This study aims to measure the effectiveness of exercise on sleep quality and anxiety levels. This study is a quantitative research method, using purposive samples with a quasi-experimental study pretest-posttest one-group research design. This study sampled 24 students who declared confirmed Covid-19. The value of sleep quality is 2.17, with a standard deviation of 0.761. The results obtained a p-value of 0.000, then the p < α where H0 was rejected, significant influence on sleep quality before and after exercise. The value of the level of anxiety after exercise is 2.17, with a standard deviation of 0.381. The results p-value of 0.000, then the p < α where H0 was rejected, significantly influenced the level of student anxiety before and after exercise. The contribution of this research can be used for nursing information, especially for patients who are confirmed Covid-19.
Synthesis of Religion and The State
Authors: Asriani Asriani
Published: April 2023

The discussion between the relationship between religion and the state never stops being debated and it is difficult to find points of common ground, because each considers the conception offered to be correct and very appropriate for every condition of the times. Islam in general. This is because almost all the figures and scholars who are used as references with their various arguments are inseparable from the three models of state that currently exist in the Islamic world, namely: Islamic, Secular, and Muslim. Even though there are differences between the three, this substantially boils down to one of these state models. In principle, the relationship between religion and the state in general can be polarized into two parts. both. Second, the theocentrism (fundamentalism) group which considers religion and the state cannot be separated, in fact there is not even a single space in this world, including the state which is allowed to be free from religious constraints. However, the development of both (religion and state) is very much determined by human belief.Based on the description above, the writer is interested in studying the relationship between religion and the state. Keywords: relation, religion, country
In Search of Nodular Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia: A Distinct Entity or Simply Hyperplastic Polyps Arising in Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia?
Authors: Sanchez-Avila Monica , Amin Khalid , Chauhan Aastha , Geng Zhuo , Mallery Shawn , Snover Dale C.
Published: April 2023

Context.—

Nodular gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is a reported phenotype of GAVE that has histologic features overlapping with gastric hyperplastic polyps (GHPs), with additional features often seen in flat mucosa of GAVE.

Objective.—

To determine if nodular GAVE and GHPs are distinct lesions by evaluating the prevalence of features reported in nodular GAVE in GHPs with or without associated GAVE.

Design.—

A review of all lesions diagnosed as GHPs between 2014 and 2017 was performed. Slides were analyzed for a number of features including established histologic features of GAVE without knowledge of clinical or endoscopic features.

Results.—

A total of 90 polyps were analyzed including 18 from patients with GAVE (20%). GAVE polyps were larger than non-GAVE polyps (average size, 1.3 cm versus 0.68 cm; P < .001), with more common extensive ulceration and associated granulation tissue (61.11% [n = 11] versus 4.17% [n = 3]; P = .004), fibrin thrombi (50% [n = 9] versus 15% [n = 11]; P = .003), moderate to marked vascular ectasia (83% [n = 15] versus 35% [n = 11]; P = .001), and fibrohyalinosis (72% [n = 13] versus 28% [n = 20]; P = .001). All polyps showed foveolar hyperplasia and smooth muscle proliferation. There were no features that were exclusively found in GAVE or non-GAVE cases.

Conclusions.—

Nodular GAVE appears to represent GHPs arising in a background of GAVE, with superimposed features found in flat mucosa of GAVE stomachs. The presence of fibrin thrombi, marked vascular ectasia, fibrohyalinosis, and/or ulceration in a GHP is suggestive but not diagnostic of GAVE, and the absence of these features does not rule out GAVE.
Emerging Landscape of Targeted Therapy of Breast Cancers With Low Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Protein Expression
Authors: Tozbikian Gary , Krishnamurthy Savitri , Bui Marilyn M. , Feldman Michael , Hicks David G. , Jaffer Shabnam , Khoury Thaer , Wei Shi , Wen Hannah , Pohlmann Paula
Published: April 2023

Context.—

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status in breast cancer is currently classified as negative or positive for selecting patients for anti-HER2 targeted therapy. The evolution of the HER2 status has included a new HER2-low category defined as an HER2 immunohistochemistry score of 1+ or 2+ without gene amplification. This new category opens the door to a targetable HER2-low breast cancer population for which new treatments may be effective.

Objective.—

To review the current literature on the emerging category of breast cancers with low HER2 protein expression, including the clinical, histopathologic, and molecular features, and outline the clinical trials and best practice recommendations for identifying HER2-low–expressing breast cancers by immunohistochemistry.

Data Sources.—

We conducted a literature review based on peer-reviewed original articles, review articles, regulatory communications, ongoing and past clinical trials identified through ClinicalTrials.gov, and the authors’ practice experience.

Conclusions.—

The availability of new targeted therapy potentially effective for patients with breast cancers with low HER2 protein expression requires multidisciplinary recognition. In particular, pathologists need to recognize and identify this category to allow the optimal selection of patients for targeted therapy.