bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Why are some galaxy clusters underluminous?
Authors: Andreon S. , Moretti A. , Trinchieri G. , Ishwara-Chandra C. H.
Published: August 2019

Our knowledge of the variety of galaxy clusters has been increasing in the last few years thanks to our progress in understanding the severity of selection effects on samples. To understand the reason for the observed variety, we study CL2015, a cluster (logM500/M⊙ = 14.39) easily missed in X-ray selected observational samples. Its core-excised X-ray luminosity is low for its massM500, well below the mean relation for an X-ray selected sample, but only ∼1.5σbelow that derived for an X-ray unbiased sample. We derived thermodynamic profiles and hydrostatic masses with the acquired deepSwiftX-ray data, and we used archivalEinstein,Planck, and Sloan Digital Sky Survey data to derive additional measurements, such as integrated Compton parameter, total mass, and stellar mass. The pressure and the electron density profiles of CL2015 are systematically outside the ±2σrange of the universal profiles; in particular the electron density profile is even lower than the one derived fromPlanck-selected clusters. CL2015 also turns out to be fairly different in the X-ray luminosity vs. integrated pressure scaling compared to an X-ray selected sample, but it is a normal object in terms of stellar mass fraction. CL2015’s hydrostatic mass profile, by itself or when is considered together with dynamical masses, shows that the cluster has an unusual low concentration and an unusual sparsity compared to clusters in X-ray selected samples. The different behavior of CL2015 is caused by its low concentration. When concentration differences are accounted for, the properties of CL2015 become consistent with comparison samples. CL2015 is perhaps the first known cluster with a remarkably low mass concentration for which high quality X-ray data exist. Objects similar to CL2015 fail to enter observational X-ray selected samples because of their low X-ray luminosity relative to their mass. The different radial dependence of various observables is a promising way to collect other examples of low concentration clusters.
Time-dependent galactic winds
Authors: Dorfi E. A. , Steiner D. , Ragossnig F. , Breitschwerdt D.
Published: August 2019

Context. Cosmic rays (CRs) are transported out of the galaxy by diffusion and advection due to streaming along magnetic field lines and resonant scattering off self-excited magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves. Thus momentum is transferred to the plasma via the frozen-in waves as a mediator assisting the thermal pressure in driving a galactic wind.

Aims. Galactic CRs (GCRs) are accelerated by shock waves generated in supernova remnants (SNRs), and they propagate from the disc into the halo. Therefore CR acceleration in the halo strongly depends on the inner disc boundary conditions.

Methods. We performed hydrodynamical simulations of galactic winds in flux tube geometry appropriate for disc galaxies, describing the CR diffusive-advective transport in a hydrodynamical fashion (by taking appropriate moments of the Fokker-Planck equation) along with the energy exchange with self-generated MHD waves.

Results. Our time-dependent CR hydrodynamic simulations confirm that the evolution of galactic winds with feedback depends on the structure of the galactic halo. In case of a wind-structured halo, the wind breaks down after the last super nova (SN) has exploded.

Conclusions. The mechanism described here offers a natural and elegant solution to explain the power-law distribution of CRs between the “knee” and the “ankle”. The transition will be naturally smooth, because the Galactic CRs accelerated at SN shocks will be “post-accelerated” by shocks generated at the inner boundary and travelling through the halo.
The optimization of welding regimes for obtaining corrosion resistant welded constructions
Authors: Dobrotă Dan , Petrescu Valentin
Published: August 2019

Most of the technological equipment has welded metal structures in its composition, which are strongly affected by the corrosion phenomenon. In order to achieve a reduction of the corrosion phenomenon it is very important that the welded joints are made using optimal parameters of the welding regime. In the research were made 6 different welded specimens, respectively 3 for the welded T-shaped joint and 3 for the cross-welded joint. The welded joints were made of 10 mm thick using S 355JR steel by the MAG welding process and using welding wire G4 Si 1 as an additive. For the 6 specimens were made analyzes of the metallographic structure thus observing what are parameters of the welding regime that allows to obtain the welded joints with high corrosion resistance.
Thermal simulation of an actuator
Authors: Popescu Lizeta , Diodiu Lucian
Published: August 2019

The paper presents a method for verifying the thermal stability of an actuator with axial symmetry as a final stage of its assisted design. Thermal simulation of electromagnetically and cinematically optimized actuator is done by the Finite Element Method in Comsol Multiphysics (Heat Transfer Module). The thermal simulation is based on the geometry drawn in the Catia V5 and the material characteristics. Thermal simulation reduces the time and cost of designing actuators and prototypes.
Industry 4.0: Key Questions in Manufacturing
Authors: Arsene Camelia Gabriela , Constantin George
Published: August 2019

The actual industrial revolution is bringing multiple opportunities of increased productivity through Cyber-Physical Systems, better cost control and decision making through Digitization and improved data communication chain through IoT. However, finding the best fit within Industry 4.0 context and writing the business case to support massive investments is not an easy task considering the organisations and the environment dynamics. The risk of disruptive implementation may be also high and involving massive implications. The paper proposes to highlight in a structured way . top-down approach . the key questions to address as an organization when leaving the awareness phase and preparing the implementation. This is a cross-industry study, covering as well different patterns: make to stock, make to order, engineering to order.
Improvement of the technological process of carbonated spring water by implementing the quality and food safety management standards
Authors: Popa Maria , Glevitzky Ioana , Sârb Adina
Published: August 2019

Bottled spring water must be health providing, clean, without microorganisms, parasites or substances. The design, manufacturing and management of processes, related to spring water bottling involves controlling the safety issues that may arise in the production processes. These aspects are not sufficient to prevent hazards and they must be related to the implementation of a quality and food safety systems. The aim of the paper is to improve the technological process of carbonated spring water in Monopolis S.A Company, by implementing the quality and food safety management standards. The methodology is based on the implementation requirements of the HACCP principles, included in ISO 22000 standard. On the other hand, the results of the work highlight the safety parameters of ”Roua Apusenilor” carbonated spring water: physico – chemical, purity and microbiological. A HACCP generic model was developed for this company. In this case study, the hazard analysis and risk assessment was implemented with the identification of the critical control points, which includes filtration and impregnation of carbon dioxide. At the same time, the loss of carbon dioxide content in PET bottles of 2 and 2.5 litres during the shelf life period was observed and a statistical analysis of the resulting experimental data was performed. There is a significant decrease of carbon dioxide content in the two packaging volumes of about 3.2 and 4.6 g/l at the end of the best before period.
Study of the cutting process parameters that influence the surface quality machined by end milling of the aluminum alloy
Authors: Pop Alina Bianca , Țîțu Aurel Mihail
Published: August 2019

This research aims to carry out an elaborate experiment by witch resulting in relevant conclusions that have practical applicability in the aeronautical industry. The surface roughness measured transversely and longitudinally on the feed motion direction of the cutting tool constitutes the dedicated objective function on which the study was conducted in this case. The end milling was chosen of an aluminum alloy used explicitly in the aeronautical industry. The actual experiments were carried out in the only aeronautical industry in Romania carrying out these types of machining and were made according to the methodology with rigorous experimental planning of the research. The experimental plan conceived after which the practical experiments were conducted led to applied research already put into practice within the above-mentioned industrial organization.
Study of Forces Influencing the Shaking Parameters in Mechanized / Robot-assisted Harvesting of Olives
Authors: Babanatsas Theoharis , Glavan Dan Ovidiu , Babanatis Merce Roxana Mihaela , Glavan Andreea Ioana
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we carried out a study of the parameters influencing the separation of olives from tree branches when harvesting is executed by means of shaking the trunk. It showed there are two important parameters, namely the shaking force and the amplitude of the shaking [1, 2, 3]. In order to determine these two parameters, we used a mathematic model which was used in developing a software that can determine their value depending on the diameter of the trunk in the contact area [4].
Effect of Pressing Parameters on the Quality of Joint Formation of Heat Exchanger Fins with the Base Plate
Authors: Kowalik Marek , Trzepiecinski Tomasz , Lemu Hirpa G.
Published: August 2019

In this paper, the results of experimental and numerical studies on joining the thin fins to the thick base plate of a heat exchanger are presented. The elements of the heat exchanger were joined by using developed method of press forming. The joining technology consists in clamping the sheet metal into the channel of the base plate using a punch with specific geometry. The effect of different configurations of the punch geometry (shape, radius and distance between fin and punch) and the indentation depth on the depth of the interface between the fin and base plate is analysed. Furthermore, the effect of different combinations of fin-base plate materials has been numerically studied. The plate material was the AA2219 -T851 aluminium alloy, while the fins were made of the AA5251 aluminium alloy. The elastic-plastic numerical computations of the joining process have been carried out using the finite element-based MSC.Marc program. It was found that the area of the contact of the fin with the base plate can be optimised by choosing the right parameters of the tool geometry and technological parameters. Experimental research has shown that increasing the punch indentation causes the material to flow in the transverse direction to the punch and the indirect extrusion in the region between the punches.
On the Feasibility of Printing 3D Composite Objects Based on Polypropylene/Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Stanciu Nicoleta-Violeta , Stan Felicia , Fetecau Catalin , Susac Florin
Published: August 2019

In this paper, the feasibility of 3D printing polypropylene/ multi-walled carbon nanotube (PP/MWCNT) composites by fused deposition modeling. First, the rheological behavior of PP with 0.3, 0.5 and 1 wt.% of MWCNT was investigated in order to determine the printability in terms of melt shear viscosity and flow activation energy. Second, the filament extrusion process was optimized by the trial-and-error method in order to obtain round and constant filaments. Finally, tensile specimens were printed and tested in order to determine the mechanical properties at various printing direction. Experimental results show that the PP/MWCNT composite filaments with MWCNT loading up to 1 wt.% have good printability characteristics and can be successfully 3D printed with good mechanical performance.
A review of the Europe indicators on climate change - industry, innovation and infrastructure
Authors: Bere‒Semeredi Iudit , Mocan Anca
Published: August 2019

The paper presents a study based on the European statistics available to characterize the Sustainable Development Goal 9 that calls for building resilient and sustainable infrastructure and promotes inclusive and sustainable industrialization. A debate on the achievements and the situation at the EU-28 level and comments on the Romania and the former Communist countries will be made based on the existing broad positions or discourses within the climate change: gradualism, skepticism and catastrophism. Conclusions and final debates are dedicated to the EU context development focuses on two main dimensions: research and development and innovation, and sustainable transport.
Theoretical and practical aspects of the Coandă effect applied in aeronautics
Authors: Cîrciu Ionică , Rotaru Constantin
Published: August 2019

The Coandă Effect, or better said, the deviation of fluid jets to stay attached to a convex surface is a complex gas-dynamic effect, named after the Romanian aviation engineer Henri Coandă and it was for the first time highlighted by him in 1910 during the take-off of one of his first planes, Coandă-1910, which was also the first jet plane to fly. During the short flight, Coandă was able to notice the near-fit alignment of the flue gas jets with the airplane fuselage. Later, both Coandă and other scholars have intensively studied the effect that is named The Coandă Effect, in his honor.
Analysis of the Road Risk on the National Road 7 Sector of the Olt River Gorge, between Talmaciu and Calimanesti, for the Years 2011-2018
Authors: Tarnu Lucian , Deac Cristian
Published: August 2019

The study and analysis of the phenomenon of road accidents, that generates risks for the life, physical or psychic integrity and health of humans, but also for material goods, cannot be considered complete without analyzing its dynamics over time and its potential evolution. In this regard, the current paper aims to analyze the general and specific traits of the road risk on the National Road 7, in the Olt River gorge, over a significant time frame, namely 8 years, from 2011 to 2018. This analysis will also be put into context with the most important road factors – the human factor, the road factor, the vehicle factor and not least with the main causes of the road accidents.
Best Practices to Increase Manufacturing Productivity - Comparative study
Authors: Gherghea Ion Cosmin , Bungau Constantin , Negrau Dan Claudiu
Published: August 2019

Nowadays, manufacturing companies are involved in a big competition, each of them looking to increase productivity and profit by implementing best practices within the company. The present paper presents an analysis of best practices of manufacturing companies which contributes to increasing and improving the productivity, and also have been identified new trends regarding best practices implemented in manufacturing companies. In order to accomplish this research, has been analyzed a successful manufacturing company in the field of manufacturing and automation from Romania. To collect data for this study there were accessed two databases, different specialized websites in the field, but the most important source of information was obtained from the analyzed company. One of the best practices identified in this study was to improve the productivity through re-engineering, practice that the company studied has implemented. In order to highlight this good practice, namely reengineering, were analyzed in parallel both of existing manufacturing types from the analyzed company, respectively production on CNC processing centers and classical production. The exemplification of both types of productions was done by using a Lean Manufacturing method, namely Value Stream Mapping, identifying the operational flow of both types of production.
Analysis of factors from the external environment in changing business processes
Authors: Ghicajanu Mihaela
Published: August 2019

This paper presents and analyzes the factors in the external business environment that determine the need for redesign processes in enterprises or at the business level. At the same time, the influence of the most relevant factors in the external environment will be analyzed in this context based on a case study conducted at the level of the Jiu Valley enterprises. At the same time, the influence of the most relevant factors in the external environment will be analyzed in this context based on a case study conducted at the level of the Jiu Valley enterprises. The research methodology is the questionnaire. The study is broader, but only a part of the research findings, those related to the factors in the external business environment that determine the need for chance or redesign processes in enterprises, are presented this paper. The overall conclusion of the study is that: the need to undertake processes of change or redesign of business is determined in particular by certain factors such as those in the near environment (customers, competition, etc., with intensities close to influence), but also by the changes in the business environment in which the company operates. The results of the study can generally be argued that the company / business and business it is doing is in close connectivity and interdependence with its external environment.
Organizational climate aspects and principal’s burnout in Southern Israel schools
Authors: Ionică Andreea , Nassar Yunnis , Mangu Sorin
Published: August 2019

The scientific literature abounds in researches about the impact of the organizational climate on burnout among teachers, but the topic wasn’t explored enough at the principals’ level till the results of the researches of Friedman and Kremer-Hayon were published. These are considered the main premises of the research in this paper which reports on a quantitative research study. The proposed toolset consists of questionnaires validated in the literature, demonstrating stable reliability coefficients and also, being validated in the educational contexts and systems from Israel. Three types of questionnaires are used: one to determine the individual perception of the principals’ communication with the teachers, one to determine the organizational climate and another questionnaire for burnout, addressed to the school principals. In the cross-sectional research, the Israeli Arab teachers who participated in this study were selected from the sample of four schools from South Israel (22 % of total schools) obtaining 120 validated questionnaires. The results of the research highlighted a moderate level of burnout. However, the biggest values appear on the dissatisfaction dimension as long as there is a positive communication, medium to high harmony and interpersonal relationships and a medium level of trust and support among teaching staff.
Modeling, simulation and experimental research for MEMS cantilevers of complex geometry
Authors: Sandu Adriana , Bogatu Lucian , Ionascu Georgeta , Manea Elena , Gheorghe Viorel
Published: August 2019

The fundamental resonant frequencies for MEMS cantilevers of complex geometry (paddle-shaped rectangular microbeam, homogeneous on a part of length and nonhomogeneous, layered structure to the wider part of the beam) are calculated. A method of analytical calculation using the Mohr-Maxwell theory is proposed for homogeneous microcantilevers, which is then adapted for non-homogeneous structures. The analytical model has been validated by numerical simulation using finite element method (FEM). The experimental validation has been made using laser-Doppler vibrometry (LDV) by scanning with the Polytec MSA-500 system.
Fin-Ray effect® based structure for the passive mobilization of the hand joints
Authors: Deaconescu Andrea , Deaconescu Tudor
Published: August 2019

In medical rehabilitation and physical therapy practice it has been proved that the passive mobilization of the hand joints as part of rehabilitation exercises improves the recovery period and also diminishes the rehabilitation costs by about 50%. In order to facilitate the practice of passive mobilization exercises in both medical units and patient homes the development of new adequate rehabilitation equipment has become a necessity. It is within the context of this requirement that the paper puts forward and discusses a novel solution of rehabilitation equipment that makes possible the simultaneous exercising of the radiocarpal, metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints. The first novelty proposed by this equipment is using the Fin-Ray effect® in the construction of the hand support and mobilization structure. A further novelty is the utilization of a pneumatic muscle as the motor that drives the equipment. The paper presents the construction of the equipment and discusses range of motion generated by it compared to the corresponding motion limits of the human hand, as identified in literature.
Research Regarding Uniaxial Tensile Strength of Nylon Woven Fabrics, Coated and Uncoated with Silicone
Authors: Vlad Dorin , Oleksik Mihaela
Published: August 2019

Properties of woven fabrics used to make airbag cushions are influenced by a lot of factors: the nature of raw materials, woven fabric geometry and density, technological parameters of the weaving operation and finishing. The main purpose of this research paper is to find the values of three mechanical parameters – tensile strain, tensile stress and specific modulus – according to the type of samples and test direction on the testing stand. To obtain woven fabric samples were used polyamide 6-6 polyfilament yarns (nylon), silicone coated and uncoated fabric. Testing procedure and samples preparation were done following the standard EN ISO 13934-1:1999. Test results and graphs show that, we have a good uniformity of the geometry for the analyzed fabrics.
Aspects about the implementation of the occupational safety and health strategy in Romania
Authors: Neag Nicoleta Paula , Gaureanu Alin
Published: August 2019

European directives related the occupational health and safety set out minimum requirements and fundamental principles, for managing the specific problems related to occupational risks, principle of prevention and risk assessment, as well as the responsibilities of employers and employees. A series of European guidelines aims to facilitate the implementation of European directives, including standards of related fields. The European Union Strategic Framework on Health and Safety at Work 2014 – 2020 has pushed the Member States to review their national strategies in close consultation with relevant stakeholders including the social partners. Thus, national strategies must transfer and customize the European vision to the national culture and specifics, considering the European framework that acts as a common guide and reference. Romania has adopted several versions of the National Strategy for Health and Safety at Work and the last one is related to the 2018 - 2020 period. Based on this document and the implementation plan associated the article will present a quantitative approach of the SWOT analysis. This research approach is meant to identify and characterize the new strategic direction that should be followed, together with a set of important aspect for the implementation plan up-date. The conclusions of this study will provide a scientific base for policy makers in the field of occupational health and safety.
A comparison study of the Romanian occupational safety and health strategy with other European countries’ strategy
Authors: NEAG Nicoleta Paula
Published: August 2019

The European Union Strategic Framework on Occupational Health and Safety at Work 2014 – 2020 has pushed the Member States to review their national strategies. Thus, national strategies have customized, the European vision to the national culture and specifics, considering the European framework that acts as a common guide and reference. The 2018 Report on occupational safety and health strategies in Europe, do not include the Romanian strategy. Based on the national strategy last version (2018), the paper will present and debate a comparative analysis between the Romanian OHS strategy and the other Member State strategy. This research approach is meant to identify, and underline Romania’s efforts made in the field of OHS, but also the gaps and missing aspects of the related strategy in comparison with the other countries.
Researches on the ergonomic design of the workplace for the car driver profesion
Authors: Negoita Olivia Doina , Chivu Oana , Babis Claudiu , Gligor Alina
Published: August 2019

Ergonomic design of the workplace is a matter of utmost importance. Ergonomics should consider reducing the high number of accidents as well as the high amounts paid for insurance. In recent years there have been numerous injuries due to cumulative trauma or due to psychological, sociological and ethical factors. Operators often adapt to improper work conditions, but the number of accidents increases and productivity decreases. The driver of the vehicle must be provided with a suitable space and position so that his posture is physiologically comfortable, does not cause excessive fatigue and illness, there is freedom of movement to drive the steering wheel, steering levers and pedals, which must be accessible and placed in such a way that the driver’s requirements are minimal and the visibility is ensured. In the paper there will be presented elements for the ergonomic design of the workplace for the motor vehicle occupation and will be taken into account several factors involved among which we mention the correct positioning of the seat adjustment while driving a car, adjusting the backrest and seat, adjusting the lumbar support, adjusting the steering position, adjusting the headrests to ensure that in the event of an accident, the risk of a head injury is very small.
Indoor CO2: potential criticalities and solutions
Authors: Schiavon Marco , Adami Luca , Magaril Elena , Ragazzi Marco
Published: August 2019

Carbon dioxide (CO2) has been conventionally regarded as a global problem, due to the well-known effects of fossil fuel combustion to the climate of our planet. However, this paper aims at highlighting the role of CO2 from another perspective, i.e. by considering the effects of CO2 on the health and well-being of the occupants of indoor spaces. The exposure to CO2 air concentrations > 1,000 ppm causes symptoms like headache, dizziness, sleepiness and loss of attention, which may negatively influence the learning capability and the productivity of students and workers. In this sense, schools and universities are particularly vulnerable, due to the high density of occupants in classrooms and to the importance of the role of education in training the future members of the society. In the light of this issue, the present paper will provide examples of the incorrect design of indoor environments and, meanwhile, will propose simple solutions to monitor the problem of indoor CO2 concentration and improve the indoor environmental quality of public places.
Using the Grey-TOPSIS Method to Assess the Functioning of the Occupational Risk Management
Authors: Tabor Joanna
Published: August 2019

The objective of this paper is to analyse the possibility to use the Grey-TOPSIS method to assess the occupational risk management (ORM), in the situation whereby linguistic variables were used in the assessment process. The TOPSIS method has already been in use for a number of years to assess alternative solutions in many areas other than the work safety area. This paper remedies some shortcomings in using the Grey Systems Theory (GST) in ORM, and constitutes an original application of Grey-TOPSIS in the work safety area. Considering that assessment of the ORM process involves estimation of performance particular components of this process, the eight sub-processes were adopted for assessment purposes. The degree of fulfilment of a given sub-processes was assigned a respective verbal grade from Completely Wrong to Perfect. In performing this assessment, systems being in place in four furniture-manufacturing companies were selected to minimise impacts of external factors upon the ORM in these companies. By using the Grey-TOPSIS method, it was possible to rank these companies from the point of view of functioning of the ORM process, and to identify the best and the weakest company in this respect. Further research work should be conducted with the aim to develop some new hybrid, multi-criterion assessment methods, which will develop within the frameworks of the GST.
Legal awareness as a factor to establish entrepreneurship
Authors: Drobnik Jakob B.
Published: August 2019

Independent functioning in the economic market appears as a multidimensional task, requiring its participants practical skills as well as, to an ever-greater extent, formal knowledge. It includes knowledge of applicable legal regulations, required in the economic sector, which is approved by the participant. The ability to use legal knowledge quickly turns out to be one of those factors that are of significant progressive or regressive importance for the functioning of the entrepreneur and his business. This publication focuses on research on the meaning and dependence of legal regulations for entrepreneurship education. The point of gravity is the empirical analysis of the universality of legal knowledge and its impact on shaping entrepreneurial attitudes as well as functioning on the economic market.
Proposals for a More Creative Education System
Authors: Moraru Gina-Maria , Popa Daniela
Published: August 2019

The present paper supports the necessity of adapting any modern education system to the growing demand for creative specialists in all fields of activity. In this context, we appreciate that an education system that develops students’ creativity can be characterized as a creative system. In the framework of extensive research on creativity management we have developed over the last few years, one of the goals was to discover several ways to improve the education system. From the perspective of educational work in the academic environment, we believe that stimulating student group creativity is essential for their development as future specialists and for their successful integration in organizations. Therefore, we have presented the opinions of a sample of doctoral students and academics regarding the capacity of the Romanian education system to develop group creativity among young people. In order to increase the share of creativity in the education system, the same respondents have suggested several changes in this system. One of the conclusions is that a state that pursues sustainable development should strive to develop the creativity of young people as much as to develop the other skills they need in future jobs.
Prevention of the transmission of Babesia rossi by Haemaphysalis elliptica in dogs treated with Nexgard®
Authors: Beugnet Frederic , Lebon Wilfried , de Vos Christa
Published: August 2019

This experimental study aimed to determine the efficacy of Afoxolaner (NexGard®) to prevent Babesia rossi transmission by Haemaphysalis elliptica ticks on dogs. The study included three groups of seven dogs each. Groups 1 and 2 remained untreated, whereas group 3 dogs received NexGard® on Day 0. All dogs were infested by 50 Haemaphysalis elliptica adult ticks: Group 1 on Day 2, Group 2 on Day 28 and Group 3 on Days 2 and 28. The ticks were originally nymphs having fed on B. rossi infected donor dogs. Their infection rate, assessed by PCR, was 12.8% at Day 2 and 6% at Day 28. On Days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 and 56, and in case of suspicion of babesiosis, blood samples were collected for blood smears, PCR and ELISA. The B. rossi infection rate in the untreated group 1 was 100% (6/6, as one dog was inadvertently treated on Day 15 and removed from statistical analysis). The infection rate was 57.1% (4/7) in group 2, and 0% (0/7) in the afoxolaner treated group 3 at all time-points until the end of the study on Day 56. After tick removal and count 144 h after each infestation, the control groups had an arithmetic mean of ticks of 23.8 (group 1) and 26.8 (group 2). No tick was recovered from any treated dogs. This study demonstrated that NexGard® protected dogs against infection by B. rossi for at least 28 days.
Signatures of Sudden Storm Commencement on the equatorial thermospheric dayglow
Authors: Sumod Sukumarn N.G.K. , Pant Tarun K. , Ajesh Asokan P.
Published: August 2019

It has been observed that the OI 630.0 nm dayglow emission over a dip equatorial station, Trivandrum (8.5° N, 77° E, dip 0.5° N), India registered an abrupt increase of ~ 2000 R during the compression phase of the magnetosphere as dictated by a sudden increase in solar wind ram pressure. Furthermore, an unusual depletion of these emissions has been observed during the eastward interplanetary electric field (IEF), concomitant with southward excursion of IMF Bz. The ionosonde and magnetometer observations confirmed the effects of prompt penetration electric field (PPEF). Associated with the eastward PPEF, formation of F3 layers were also noticed. These unique results, which emphasize the effect of Sudden Storm Commencement/IEF on these equatorial daytime airglow emissions are discussed in context of changes in the equatorial zonal electric field and F region height variations associated with polar/auroral activities due to the magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling.
Ernährungsberatung im Spannungsfeld zwischen Klinik und ambulanter Versorgung
Authors: Weiss Heike
Published: August 2019

Dass mit der Diagnose Krebs gleichzeitig eine erhöhte Gefahr für die Entstehung oder auch Verschlimmerung einer Mangelernährung einhergeht, ist eine seit fast 40 Jahren bekannte Tatsache. Umso wichtiger ist es, dass mehr dafür getan wird, um die kontinuierliche Versorgung dieser Patienten mit ernährungstherapeutischen Maßnahmen zu verbessern.

Es zeigt sich, dass im stationären Bereich mittlerweile Strukturen bestehen und Spezialisten verschiedenster Professionen daran arbeiten, die Ernährungssituation der Patienten zu verbessern. Einen massiven Einschnitt erfahren viele Patienten jedoch unmittelbar nach ihrer Entlassung. Ernährungstherapeutische Maßnahmen, die in der Klinik initiiert wurden, enden oft mit dem Tag der Entlassung. Die Ursachen hierfür sind vielfältig. Fehlende Strukturen im ambulanten Bereich, unzureichende Kommunikation zwischen Klinik und übernehmendem Haus- oder Facharzt oder eine ungenügende Aufklärung der Patienten über Sinn, Funktion und Ablauf der Ernährungstherapie verhindern deren kontinuierliche Fortsetzung nach der Entlassung.

Ein erster Schritt, um diesen Übergang zu verbessern, vollzog sich 2017 mit der gesetzlichen Verankerung des Entlassmanagements. Nun gilt es in diesem Sinne auch die Bedingungen für das Entlassmanagement der Patienten mit supportiver Ernährungstherapie so zu formulieren und zu strukturieren, dass keine Brüche im Behandlungsverlauf durch Entlassungen entstehen können. Dies führt letzten Endes nicht nur zu einer höheren Lebensqualität und Zufriedenheit bei den Patienten, sondern auch durch eine Verbesserung der Ernährungssituation zu weniger und kürzeren Klinikaufenthalten, die sich dann auch gesamtwirtschaftlich positiv auswirken.
Inadvertent iatrogenic prostatectomy and urethrectomy in 2
dogs
Authors: Häußler Thomas C. , Thiel Cetina , Fischer Andreas , Kramer Martin
Published: August 2019

Two dogs were referred because of dysuria following inadvertent iatrogenic total
prostatectomy and urethrectomy. In both cases an existing perineal hernia was
not recognized by the referring veterinarians and the caudally herniated
prostate gland was diagnosed as a perianal neoplasia and subsequently removed.
Both dogs were treated with isolation of the urinary bladder from the urethra
and a permanent prepubic cystostomy tube.
Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Potential of Halogenated Chamigrenes from Malaysian Red Alga, Laurencia majuscula
Authors: Kamada Takashi , Phan Chin-Soon , Okino Tatsufumi , Vairappan Charles Santhanaraju
Published: August 2019

Red algae of the genus Laurencia have been known to produce a wide array of bioactive secondary metabolites. Here, we report the isolation of two new halogenated chamigrenes, lauremantanones A (1) and B (2), along with seven known compounds, dendroidiol (3), (+)-elatol (4), cartilagineol (5), obtusol (6), (+)-laurencenone B (7), 2-chloro-3-hydroxy-α-chamigren-9-one (8), and puertitol A (9), from a population of Laurencia majuscula (Harvey) Lucas from Mantanani Island (North Borneo). The structures of the two new metabolites were determined based on spectroscopic data (IR, 1D and 2D NMR, and MS). Compounds isolated from this alga exhibited potent cytotoxic (HeLa, MCF-7, P-388) and antibacterial (against antibiotic-resistant clinical bacteria) activities. The major metabolite of this population has significant importance in the geographical distribution of this species globally.
Anatomical Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction for Recurrent Patella Dislocation: Two-Strand Grafts versus Four-Strand Grafts
Authors: Niu Jinghui , Lin Wei , Qi Qi , Lu Jiangfeng , Dai Yike , Wang Fei
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this study was to describe two anatomical medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction methods: reconstruction with two-strand grafts and reconstruction with four-strand grafts and to evaluate the clinical and radiological results. From January 2010 to January 2013, patients who sustained recurrent patella dislocation and met inclusion criteria were included in the study and divided into two groups randomly to undergo MPFL reconstruction either by two-strand grafts (T group) or four-strand grafts (F group). Patients were followed up 1 month, 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years postoperatively. The apprehension test was applied to test patella stability. The Kujala score, Lysholm score, and Crosby–Insall grading were used to evaluate the function of the affected knee. The patellar congruence and patellar tilt angle were used to measure the morphology of the patellofemoral joint. In addition, patients' subjective assessments and complications were recorded. Thirty-eight patients in T group and 38 patients in F group were followed for at least 36 months. The apprehension test was positive in all patients preoperatively but was negative at follow-up. The Kujala score, Lysholm score, patellar congruence angle, and the patellar tilt angle of patients in both groups improved significantly at 36-month follow-up when compared with those assessed preoperatively. However, patients in the F group achieved better clinical results in terms of Kujala score, patellar congruence angle, patellar tilt angle, and Crosby–Insall grading when compared with those in the T group 3 years after the operation. Most patients (92% of patients in the T group and 97% of patients in the F group) were satisfied with the surgery. The anatomical MPFL reconstruction with two-strand grafts or four-strand grafts were both safe techniques for recurrent patella dislocation with satisfactory clinical outcomes. The anatomical fixation with four-strand grafts achieved better clinical and radiographic results in the follow-up, which may be a better reconstruction method.
Vascular Redistribution for SIRT—A Quantitative Assessment of Treatment Success and Long-Term Analysis of Recurrence and Survival Outcomes
Authors: Borg Philip , Wong Jen Jou , Lawrance Nicholas , Chander Amarjot , Tipping Jill , Bell Jon , Mullan Damian , Manoharan Prakash , Jeans Steve , Lawrance Jeremy
Published: August 2019

Aim Flow redistribution is not uncommonly performed as a treatment strategy to optimize delivery of radioembolization particles to the liver. We quantitatively evaluated the effect of vessel embolization to promote flow redistribution when performing selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) for liver metastases, and assessed long-term outcomes of treatment.

Materials and Methods One hundred and fifty-eight SIRT procedures over an 8-year period were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty-three patients who underwent partial/whole embolization of the left hepatic artery were compared to a control group of 18 patients who did not receive any hepatic embolization as part of their work up. Counts were measured for each patient on both the post-99mTcMAA injection, and the post-90Y microspheres injection imaging. Recurrence and survival rates were also measured.

Results A statistically significant shift in the right:left ratio between planning and treatment procedures was seen in patients who had vessel embolization in favor of the embolized lobe (p = 0.014). There was no significant difference in the time to recurrence in the embolized lobes versus the nonembolized lobes. No significant difference in overall survival was detected between the two cohorts.

Conclusion To facilitate safe whole liver treatment, it is sometimes necessary to partially or completely occlude main or accessory hepatic arteries. This study shows that the success of flow redistribution strategies can be quantitatively measured, and there is no adverse impact on time to recurrence or overall survival outcomes.
Craniotomy Does Have its Share in the Management of Chronic Subdural Hematoma
Authors: Sah Shashank , Rawal Divyant
Published: August 2019

Background Burr hole drainage (BHD) is the most popular technique for surgical management of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) and is able to successfully address the problem in majority of patients. However, in a select few cases, the formation of subdural membrane necessitates a wider surgical approach to relieve the compressed cerebral parenchyma. We evaluated the need for craniotomy and associated issues in management of CSDH in a consecutive series of 114 patients.

Material and Method Data of 114 patients, who underwent surgical management of CSDH in our neurosurgical unit were analyzed. We specifically looked for the cases requiring craniotomy, it's indication and surgical outcome.

Results Craniotomy was required in 12 patients (8.6%)—as primary procedure in 8 patients and as add-on secondary procedure in 4 patients. Clinical outcome was good. Mild subdural bleed, not requiring any surgical intervention, was observed in two patients as postoperative complication. There was no mortality.

Conclusion In the presence of thick subdural membranes, BHD alone may not help relieve the cerebral compression. Wider surgical approach in form of craniotomy and membranectomy is the answer in such situations and can be safely performed with low complications. Good quality computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are essential in preoperative identification of membrane and appropriate surgical planning.
Assessment of Mechanical Fetal PR Interval in Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy and Its Relationship with the Severity of the Disease
Authors: Yakut Kadriye , Öcal Fatma Doğa , Öztürk Merve , Öztürk Filiz Halici , Oğuz Yüksel , Çelen Şevki
Published: August 2019

Objective This study aimed to investigate the fetal atrioventricular conduction system in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) by measuring the fetal mechanical PR interval and to explore the significance of predicting the severity of the disease.

Study Design Forty pregnant women diagnosed with ICP, classified as severe and mild, and 40 healthy pregnant women participated in the study. Fetal mechanical PR interval was calculated, and fetal mechanical PR interval and neonatal outcome were compared between the groups. The relationship between the mechanical PR interval and the severity of ICP was analyzed.

Results The fetal mechanical PR interval was significantly longer in the ICP group than in the control group (p < 0.005). Likewise, laboratory parameters such as transaminases (alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST]) and total bilirubin levels were significantly higher in the ICP group (p < 0.005).There were no statistically significant differences in the fetal complications. There was a positive correlation between the severity of disease and fetal PR interval.

Conclusion A prolonged fetal mechanical PR interval in fetuses of mothers with ICP was demonstrated in this study. It was also shown that there was a positive correlation between fetal PR interval and severity of the disease. The study concluded that fetal mechanical PR interval measurement can be used to predict the severity of disease in ICP.
Nonoperative Management of Minimally Displaced Patellar Sleeve Fractures
Authors: Sousa Paul L. , Stuart Michael J. , Prince Matthew R. , Dahm Diane L.
Published: August 2019

Patellar sleeve fractures primarily occur in the adolescent population from a rapid contraction of the quadriceps with the knee in a flexed position. Several small case reports describe operative reduction and fixation for displaced fractures. However, there is sparse literature on nonoperative management of these injuries. Retrospective review and prospective follow-up of all patients diagnosed with patellar sleeve fracture between 1991 and 2014 at a single institution. Patients with superior pole avulsion fractures, history of prior knee surgery, and fractures managed operatively were excluded. Patients with a clinical diagnosis without support of advanced imaging were also excluded. Radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were reviewed for initial fracture displacement, time until fracture union, and the presence of patellar tendon ossification. Outcome was assessed using the Tegner's activity scale, Kujala's Score and the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective knee evaluation score at final follow-up. Eighteen nonoperatively treated distal patellar pole sleeve fractures were identified, while five patients had advanced imaging to support their diagnosis. All were males with a mean age of 15.1 (range: 12–18). Traumatic and sport-related injuries were noted in the majority of patients. Only one patient had any appreciable displacement, but still < 2 mm. Final radiographic evaluation revealed fracture healing without patellar tendon ossification in all patients. All five patients had full terminal knee extension and symmetric range of motion. Mean IKDC score was 96.4 (range: 82–100) mean Tegner's activity score was 60 (range: 5–8), and mean Kujala's score was 89.7 (range: 63–100) at final follow-up. Of the five cases, three patients presented in a delayed fashion, and all went on to have surgical treatment. Two required arthroscopic loose body removal, while the other had an open patellar debridement and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection. Minimally displaced patellar sleeve fractures can be successfully managed nonoperatively with excellent clinical outcomes. However, delayed in presentation may be associated with worse outcome. This study of case series reflects level of evidence IV.
Bulk spectrum and K-theory for infinite-area topological quasicrystals
Authors: Loring Terry A.
Published: August 2019

The bulk spectrum of a possible Chern insulator on a quasicrystalline lattice is examined. The effect of being a 2D insulator seems to override any fractal properties in the spectrum. We compute that the spectrum is either two continuous bands, or that any gaps other than the main gap are small. After making estimates on the spectrum, we deduce a finite system size, above which the K-theory must coincide with the K-theory of the infinite system. Knowledge of the spectrum and K-theory of the infinite-area system will control the spectrum and K-theory of sufficiently large finite systems. The relation between finite volume K-theory and infinite volume Chern numbers is only proven to begin, for the model under investigation here, for systems on Hilbert space of dimension around 17 × 106. The real-space method based on the Clifford spectrum allows for computing Chern numbers for systems on Hilbert space of dimension around 2.7 × 106. New techniques in numerical K-theory are used to equate the K-theory of systems of different sizes.