bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of sleep and sleep disorders with glaucoma
Authors: Maurya Rajendra Prakash , Manisha  , Singh Vibha , Gupta Ashish , Patel Amit , Singh Virendra P , Patel Eshwari , Singh Shivangi , Anand Kartika , Roy Meghna
Published: June 2022

The hormone melatonin plays a role in our natural sleep-wake cycle. Natural levels of melatonin in the blood are highest at night. Aqueous flow has a distinctive circadian rhythm, being lower at night than during the day. IOP fluctuates in a rhythmical diurnal pattern and this fluctuation is greater in eyes with glaucoma. Sleep apnoea is a type of sleep disorder breathing that causes intermittent pauses in breathing during sleep, leading to transient nocturnal hypoxia and hypercapnia. Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is one of the systemic risk factors for glaucoma which causes irreversible visual field (VF) damage.
Correlation between choroidal vascularity index, flow pattern and neovascular activity in treatment naive eyes of age related macular degeneration
Authors: Ganekal Sunil , Ganekal Varun
Published: June 2022

: To study the correlation between choroidal vascularity index, flow pattern and neovascular activity in treatment naive eyes of age related macular degeneration.

: Cross-sectional analysis of 46 treatment naive eyes diagnosed with exudative age related macular degeneration. All patients underwent spectral domain optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography and OCTA. The Choroidal Vascularity Index (CVI) and OCTA vascular features at initial and last visit were analyzed after anti vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment. These changes were correlated with the disease activity on SD-OCT and OCTA.

: Mean age was 66.34 ± 7.2 years. Mean sub foveal choroidal thickness was 215.39±102.378 µm at baseline and 198.42±101.049 µm at 3 months (p=0.07). The mean CVI was 63.73±5.28% at baseline & 64.59±4.87% at 3 months (p=0.754). Pattern of network on OCTA was sea-fan in 20(43.5%), medusa head in 8(17.4%), indistinct in 18(39.1%) at baseline and sea-fan in 6(13%), medusa head in 6(13%), indistinct in 28(60.9%) and mixed in 6(13%) at 3 months. The signs of activity on OCT changes after 3 months (p =0.001).On OCTA 36 eyes had active network at baseline & 34 eyes had inactive network at the last follow up (p=0.001).

: Choroidal vascularity Index showed no correlation with various patterns of CNV and showed no significant change with anti VEGF treatment. Post treatment network patterns showed no significant correlation with the OCT activity even though the OCTA showed an active network.
Correlation of serum D-dimer levels with stages of diabetic retinopathy and gycosylated hemoglobin levels
Authors: Lakshmi K  , Shetty Kiran , Lobo Sarita , Vivekanad U
Published: June 2022

Diabetic retinopathy is a disorder where the perfusion of the retina may be affected owing to the microvascular changes taking place in the retinal blood vessels due to hypergycemia.

D-dimer level has been used as a biomarker of hypercoagulability and fibrinolytic activity since it is a product of fibrin degradation. D-dimer level (as a marker of coagulation cascade/fibrinolysis activation) assessment in type 1 and type 2 diabetics and its correlation with diabetic retinopathy stages have shown positive correlation. The findings in present study endorse the view that Elevated D dimer levels in severe forms of diabetic retinopathy. 26.9% patients with D dimer values more than 1000 have had severe NPDR to proliferative diabetic retinopathy, while 80% patients with normal values have shown to have no diabetic changes in fundus. Poor glycemic control (>6.5%) becomes a strong predictor for occurrence of severe form of diabetic retinopathy. 92.3% patients have shown the same. Hence, this study showed a positive correlation between increased blood sugar levels, elevated glyco Hb levels and severity of diabetic retinopathy. Hence, prompt understanding and treatment of hyperglycemia may prevent complications of diabetic retinopathy. The levels of Plasma D dimer is higher in type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with microangiopathy. D-dimer is an important marker for thrombus formation hence may play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic microangiopathy. Prophlylactic anticoagulant therapy and strict diabetic control can help in halting the progression of diabetic retinopathy.
Preschool eye screening: A study in South India
Authors: Tumbadi Kavitha L
Published: June 2022

To assess the prevalence of ocular disorders and visual disability in preschool children in Southern India and to know if preschool eye screening by ophthalmologist or ophthalmic officer is essential to be made mandatary program.

This is apreschool based prospective cross sectional study which was adopted in 47 Anganwadi (preschool), which came under one Taluk in Karnataka Total of 1283 children were screened and examined by ophthalmologist and ophthalmic officer at general hospital, over a period of 2 months. All the children were divided into 2 groups, 0-3yrs and 3-6 years, who underwent a detailed eye examination. Children aged 3-6 yrs were also examined for refractive disorders. The pattern of refractive errors and ocular disorders etc. were studied by cross-sectional descriptive analysis of data and statistical analysis for age and gender.

Among 1283 children examined, 757 were 0-3 yrs and 526 were 3-6 yrs, out of which 66 (5.2%) children with ocular disorders were detected. The commonest eye disorder in children of 3-6 yrs group was refractive error 24 (4.6%) commonest being myopia 11(2%). No statistically significant differences in the distribution of ocular disorders by age or gender were detected.

Screening of preschool children by an Ophthalmologist or an Ophthalmic officer detects ocular disorders and makes timely intervention possible and also prevents the development of permanent visual disability and thus prevents socioeconomic urden. A large-scale community-based preschool eye screening program in India identifies morbid eye conditions early, that are amenable to cure and prompt rehabilitation.
Dhoti cancer – A name forgotten!!!
Authors: Haritha V.S , Rawat Shyamji
Published: June 2022

Skin cancers are uncommon in India with less than 1% incidence and among all sites of occurrence, waist line as a site of occurrence is again uncommon. This could be mostly attributed to the attire among men and women in India. Saree and dhoti are still the traditional costumes among Indian women and men respectively. Wearing them tight around the waist leads to pigmentation, scarring and ulceration. Repeated trauma leads to subsequent malignant transformation. The usage of terms ‘saree cancer ‘ and ‘dhoti cancer’ is less commonly seen nowadays eventhough it was proposed long back in 1945 and has been unknown to many in the recent times with very few papers published in mainstream medical journals. Herein, we report a case series of 12 patients with waistline cancer who presented at our centre between January 2001 till December 2020.
Study of different feeding patterns among children of Maharashtra region
Authors: Shah Nilesh T. , Varshney Shivendra , Patel Umang P.
Published: June 2022

Proper feeding practices during first two years of life are essential for the growth and development of young children to prevent malnutrition associated morbidity and mortality.

The children aged between 6 months to 18 months were selected for study. The detailed history was obtained from their mother. The different feeding patterns prelacteal feeding, time of inception of first feeding, causes of stoppage of breast feeding studied and classified with percentage.

In the study of inception of first feeding 35(46.6%) were < 6hrs, 21 (28%) were 7-12hrs, 10 (13.3%) were 12 to 24hrs, 7(9.33%) were between 25 -48hrs, 2(2.66%) were between 49 – 72 hours. In the study of pre lacteal feeding 16(21.3%) were given honey, 36(48%) sugar solution (water added sugar), 15(20%) plain water, 8(10.6%) milk. The reason for stoppage of breast feeding, 22(29.3%) due to insufficient breast milk, 16(21.3%) maternal sickness, 15(20%) infant sickness, 14(18.6%) maternal employment, 8(10.6%) subsequent pregnancy.

: The present study will be helpful to paediatrician to evaluate the feeding pattern to prevent malnutrition, morbidity and mortality in children.
Smoking among professional college students: Consumption and risk factors
Authors: Bhateja Sumit , Soni Tamanna , Arora Geetika , Bhagat Ankur
Published: June 2022

People from age groups 16–22 years old show the highest inclination towards smoking which places colleges and universities in the unique position to employ restrictive methods to create a smoke-free campusand also impart youth towards tobacco free lifestyle.

The present study was conducted through a survey-based questionnaire to assess the prevalence, knowledge, attitude, behavior and interpersonal factors related to the use of tobacco among university students.
Illegal Production of Army Firearm in Private Workshops in Tula and the Fight against Them in the Late 19th — Early 20th Centuries
Authors: Shmelkov Leonid
Published: June 2022

The article deals with the little-studied problem of illegal production of military weapons in one of the weapons centers of the Russian Empire. On the basis of archival documents of the police and the corps of gendarmes, he comes to the conclusion that this crime was caused by the modernization of Russia in the second half of the 19th century. The main types of illegally assembled and manufactured weapons are domestic single-shot and magazine rifles, much less often revolvers, which was due to the need of consumers for such weapons. Methods of production, relations with the customer (forms of payment, delivery of weapons to customers by rail by couriers and further by wagons, less often by sea) are revealed. The main markets for weapons illegally collected in Tula were the South Caucasus, Transcaucasia and Manchuria (the outskirts of the empire, with an unstable political situation). Since the late 1890s, the state began an active fight against the illegal assembly of weapons in Tula, but until the Great Russian Revolution, the problem was not resolved. The change in the legal framework for the manufacture of small arms, the elimination of the class of gunsmiths and their privileges, the very possibility of significant earnings that exceeded the semi-annual income from legal activities, became catalysts for the offense throughout the entire time period under study.
Local Authorities and Traditional Rulers in the Reserves of South West Africa in Middle 20th Century
Authors: Balezin Alexander
Published: June 2022

The article is devoted to the participation of the traditional authorities of South-West Africa (Namibia) in the system of local self-government in the middle twentieth century. It is based on materials taken by the author from the Namibian archives and not widely introduced into scientific circulation before. As a result of legislative acts of the Government of South Africa from 1919, 1920 and 1923, new reserves were added to the 6 reserves previously created by the German authorities in South Africa, and as a result, by 1962 there were 24 of them and they made up more than 25 % of its territory. By the 1950s, a system of “native councils” was created in the reserves of the South West Africa. At the head of such councils were white officials. The white official appointed "chiefs" or “elders” who were members of the council. In addition, the council consisted of “no more than six” elected members. In the activities of such councils, an important role was played by persons who had the traditional status of power. In 1962—1963, it was proposed to combine all reserves into 10 homelands by analogy with the bantustans of South Africa. It was also proposed to incorporate representatives of the traditional elite into the administration of homelands when creating Legislative Councils there.
Pedagogias das Artes Urbanas - Encontrando Murais Gigantes na Cidade de São Paulo
Authors: Lima da Silva Eloenes
Published: June 2022

O texto apresenta reflexões iniciais sobre o tema “muralismo gigante” em busca de problematizar como as artes urbanas adquirem um caráter pedagógico na cidade de São Paulo. A introdução apresenta o tema, os autores e conceitos principais. A primeira seção do texto destaca como a técnica da deriva urbana realizada por meio da prática de caminhar na região central de São Paulo foi crucial para o encontro e registros dessas produções. A segunda parte analisa determinados murais, além de depoimentos de artistas a respeito de suas obras. Em seguida, o texto discute como essas recentes produções, para além de sua dimensão artística, buscam promover a revitalização e a valorização de determinadas regiões da cidade. Espera-se, por fim, que esses diferentes processos apresentados possibilitem visualizar o funcionamento de distintos modos pedagógicos produzidos por meio das artes expostas em telas gigantescas na paisagem urbana.
SONHO SOBRE UM PEDREGULHO
Authors: Bafica Marcelo
Published: June 2022

Poema sobre Arte e Ciência
Zdania psychologiczne na tle reizmu u Tadeusza Kotarbińskiego
Authors: Maciaszek Janusz
Published: June 2022

Analiza zdań psychologicznych stanowi jeden z najważniejszych elementów programu semantycznego zainicjowanego przez Tadeusza Kotarbińskiego, zwanego reizmem w wersji semantycznej. Celem tego programu było wyeliminowanie z języka wyrażeń oraz struktur gramatycznych, które reifikowały relacje, własności, zdarzenia oraz zawartości aktów psychicznych. Aby wyeliminować zawartości aktów psychicznych Kotarbiński zaproponował oryginalną analizę wypowiedzeń zdań psychologicznych parafrazowanych w postaci par wypowiedzeń, eliminując tym samym konieczność wprowadzania wszelkich bytów mentalnych lub intencjonalnych. W artykule przedstawiam krótko rozwiązania problemu zdań psychologicznych autorstwa Fregego i Russella, następnie wskazuję na filozoficzne inspiracje reizmu Kotarbińskiego. Analiza zdań psychologicznych przedstawiona przez Kotarbińskiego nie tylko rozwiązuje problem braku zastępowalności ekstensjonalnej, ale doprecyzowuje również jego poglądy reistyczne. Na koniec dokonuję krótkiego porównania analizy Kotarbińskiego z analogicznym rozwiązaniem autorstwa Donalda Davidsona, znanym jako analiza parataktyczna, które było rezultatem innych założeń filozoficznych, w szczególności zaś odmiennej od Kotarbińskiego wersji monizmu oraz innego podejścia do problemu prawdy.
Apofatyzm filozoficzny a Michała Hellera idea matematyczności przyrody
Authors: Grygiel Wojciech P.
Published: June 2022

Wychodząc od usystematyzowania hellerowskiej tezy o matematyczności przyrody, niniejsze studium poświęcone głównie będzie pokazaniu i krytycznej ocenie racji, wedle których Heller desygnuje teorię kategorii jako matematyczne środowisko szczególnie predestynowane dla wyartykułowania tej tezy. Kluczowe w tym kontekście będzie wskazanie, co uprawnia go do wprowadzenia mającej istotne ontologiczne znaczenie koncepcji pola kategorii i utożsamienia go z polem racjonalności. Ostatecznie stanie się możliwe lepsze zrozumienie, w jakim sensie w kontekście sformalizowanych teorii fizycznych Heller operuje pojęciem apofatyzmu filozoficznego, który wydaje się trafnie ujmować specyfikę jego poglądów na ontologiczne zobowiązania tych teorii i gdzie być może zbliża się on do niebezpiecznych myślowych pułapek. W swojej apofatycznej postawie Heller pozostaje blisko pierwszoplanowych postaci współczesnej fizyki i noblistów, Alberta Einsteina czy Rogera Penrose’a: fizyka nie mówi o tym, jaka rzeczywistość jest, ale pozwala stanąć na drodze do rzeczywistości.
Traktat Antonia Degli Agli O nieśmiertelności duszy
Authors: Papiernik Joanna
Published: June 2022

Artykuł zawiera tłumaczenie traktatu Antonia degli Agli O nieśmiertelności duszy. Jest ono poprzedzone jest wstępem, w którym autorka wyjaśnia popularność zagadnienia nieśmiertelności w XV wieku, przedstawia postać Antonia degli Agli oraz krótko analizuje treść jego krótkiego dziełka.

Agli był duchownym Kościoła katolickiego i humanistą związanym ze środowiskiem florenckich intelektualistów skupionych wokół filozofa Marsilia Ficina. Był płodnym autorem dzieł filozoficznych, teologicznych, literackich i historycznych, choć tylko kilka jego tekstów przetrwało do naszych czasów. Wśród nich jest stosunkowo krótki traktat O nieśmiertelności duszy, w którym, odwołując się do pewnych fragmentów biblijnych i określonych filozoficznych koncepcji, dowodził, że dusza ludzka z konieczności jest wieczna. Zastosowane w tekście argumenty dotyczą metafizyki światła i relacji ludzkiego umysłu do jego najdoskonalszych przedmiotów poznania. Analiza treści pozwala stwierdzić, że argumenty użyte w traktacie w dużej mierze pokrywają się z tymi zawartymi w opuscula theologica i Teologii Platońskiej Ficina.
Kierkegaard On Descartes: Doubt as a Prefiguration of Existential Despair
Authors: Kupś Tomasz
Published: June 2022

In his early, unfinished essay entitled Johannes Climacus, or De omnibus dubitandum est, Søren Kierkegaard enters into a polemic with Hegel’s interpretation of the methodic Cartesian doubt. Kierkegaard questions the philosophical absolutism of Cartesian scepticism and his methodological universalism. For the first time in Kierkegaard’s writings, the sphere of speculation (thinking) is confronted with personal involvement (will). Kierkegaard never published this work (it came out posthumously), and did not make any direct reference to Descartes in the same form ever again. However, certain subjects and themes remained: doubt (contrasted with despair) and the alias (Johannes Climacus), used when writing that early essay.
Chrześcijaństwo i problem ukrytości. Krytyka obrony z Wcielenia
Authors: Ruczaj Stanislaw
Published: June 2022

Argument z ukrytości Johna L. Schellenberga jest współcześnie jednym z najżywiej dyskutowanych argumentów za ateizmem. Rozumowanie kanadyjskiego filozofa wskazuje na problematyczność zjawiska niezawinionej niewiary w istnienie Boga przy założeniu, że doskonale kochający Bóg istnieje. W książce Ukrytość i wcielenie. Teistyczna odpowiedź na argument Johna L. Schellenberga za nieistnieniem Boga (2020), Marek Dobrzeniecki zaproponował nowatorską obronę przed tym argumentem, wykorzystującą chrześcijańską doktrynę o wcieleniu Syna Bożego. W artykule wykazuję, że obrona z Wcielenia nie odnosi sukcesu. Błędna jest bowiem jej kluczowa teza, iż Bóg wcielony musi być ukryty dla człowieka. W świetle tego rezultatu problematyczne staje się istnienie niezawinionej niewiary we Wcielenie. Ten problem ukrytości wcielonego Boga zawiera w sobie jako część składową problem ukrytości Boga w sformułowaniu Schellenberga.
Polskie dwudziestowieczne dyskusje dotyczące racjonalności
Authors: Kleszcz Ryszard
Published: June 2022

Artykuł przedstawia dwudziestowieczne polskie dyskusje filozoficzne dotyczące racjonalności, w szczególności w kontekście poznawczym. Omawiane są stanowiska wielu uczonych, począwszy od Kazimierza Twardowskiego i założonej przezeń Szkoły Lwowsko-Warszawskiej do myślicieli okresu powojennego: Leszka Kołakowskiego i Mariana Przełęckiego. W części drugiej poddane są dyskusji i analizie trzy kwestie systematyczne, dotyczące racjonalności przekonań: problem ich binarności, kryteriów racjonalności oraz zagadnienie uzasadnienia jej wyboru.
Obraz – retoryka – wartości. Medialne relacje wojenne
Authors: Kampka Agnieszka
Published: June 2022

Celem artykułu jest refleksja nad społecznymi i kulturowymi uwarunkowaniami sposobów pokazywania wojny w mediach. Koncepcja sytuacji retorycznej wyjaśnia, jakie czynniki wpływają na konstrukcję wizualnego przekazu. Przykłady dotyczące wojny w Ukrainie ilustrują, w jaki sposób relacje wojenne powiązane są z wartościami informacyjnymi. Nadawca może pokazywać drastyczne zdjęcia, by wzbudzić współczucie i solidarność z ofiarami (służy to wówczas wartościom moralnym) lub chcąc jedynie zwiększyć oglądalność (wartość informacyjna). Koncepcja sytuacji retorycznej wyjaśnia, jakie czynniki wpływają na konstrukcję wizualnego przekazu. Analiza uczestników danej sytuacji retorycznej: nadawcy, widzów, bohaterów medialnych relacji, pozwala ukazać współdziałanie lub konflikt wartości moralnych i informacyjnych.
Linguistic Discrimination Against the Roma in the Polish-Language Web 2.0 Discourse
Authors: Szewczyk Marcin
Published: June 2022

This paper aims to discuss the results of studies about the scale of verbal discrimination against the Roma in the Web 2.0 discourse held in Polish. These studies have helped in specifying the scale of not only intentional antigypsyism exhibited by the participants to the discourse but also highlight culture-specific habits perpetuated in the language, which unintentionally foster discrimination against the Roma. In addition, results that have been obtained and interpreted help in clarifying the phenomena in question as components of mediatization of discrimination, developing primarily on the Internet, and above all in the area defined as Web 2.0, and particularly visible in social media.
Działania z zakresu interwencji kryzysowej w pracy nauczyciela
Authors: Barabas Magdalena
Published: June 2022

Celem artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na problematykę zadań nauczyciela w zakresie interwencji kryzysowej w środowisku szkolnym. Prezentowany artykuł dotyka wybranych zagadnień z zakresu działań interwencyjnych podejmowanych przez nauczycieli w obliczu sytuacji trudnych i kryzysowych doświadczanych przez uczniów. Dynamicznie zmieniająca się współczesność dostarcza wielu różnych nowych i nierzadko trudnych sytuacji naznaczonych wysokim poziomem stresu. Dotykają one również dzieci i młodzież i stanowić mogą zarówno pewnego rodzaju szansę jak i zagrożenie dla ich rozwoju. Z uwagi na częstość kontaktów z uczniami warto przyjrzeć się sytuacji nauczycieli i ich działaniom w obliczu kryzysu doświadczanego przez ucznia. Nadmienić należy, iż zawód nauczyciela obarczany jest wysokimi oczekiwaniami społecznymi w zakresie kompetencji a także coraz częściej większą akceleracją zadań charakterystycznych dla innych profesji np. psychologów, pracowników socjalnych, terapeutów. Zadaniem nauczyciela jest zatem nie tylko realizacja zadań dydaktycznych i wychowawczych ale również z uwagi na dynamikę relacji interpersonalnych i wyzwań współczesnego świata podejmowanie działań o charakterze interwencyjnym. Artykuł może stanowić przyczynek do pojęcia dalszych rozważań i badań dotyczących kompetencji nauczycieli w zakresie interwencji kryzysowej.
Nauczyciele wczesnej edukacji w świetle międzynarodowych badań porównawczych
Authors: Cudowska Agata
Published: June 2022

W artykule opisano podstawowe kwestie związane z funkcjonowaniem wczesnej edukacji i opieki w Europie na podstawie analizy porównawczej trzydziestu ośmiu systemów edukacyjnych. Podkreślono szczególną rolę nauczycieli w rozwoju dzieci, osiąganiu wysokich wyników w nauce i odnoszeniu sukcesu edukacyjnego. Przedstawiono reformy strukturalne dotyczące kwalifikacji pracowników wczesnej edukacji, których celem jest profesjonalizacja kadr pedagogicznych. Porównano minimalny poziom kwalifikacji wymaganych od nauczycieli wychowania przedszkolnego w zinstytucjonalizowanych placówkach wczesnej edukacji i opieki w krajach europejskich. Takie same analizy zaprezentowano w odniesieniu do asystentów zatrudnianych w tym sektorze oświaty. Scharakteryzowano także status doskonalenia zawodowego nauczycieli i asystentów zatrudnionych w placówkach wczesnej edukacji w Europie.
İsbât-ı Vâcibe Giden Yolda Delillerin Telfîki Devvânî ve Ahmed Nûri Örnekleri
Authors: TERZİOĞLU Hülya
Published: June 2022

İslâm inanç sisteminin en temel konusu ve gayesi şüphesiz marifetullah (Allah’ın bilinmesi) mevzuudur. Bu konuda yapılan çalışmalar literatürde daha çok isbât-ı vâcib olarak isimlendirilmekte, kelâm, felsefe ve tasavvuf ekollerinin her biri için en kıymetli mesai olarak kabul edilmektedir. Kelâm ekolleri daha çok İbn Sînâ’nın (ö. 428/1037) etkisiyle Fahreddin Râzî (ö. 606/1210) sonrası yoğun olarak bu kavramsallaştırmayı kullanmaya başlamıştır. Sûfiyye ise daha çok vahdet-i vücûd nazariyesi temelinde bu çalışmalara katılmıştır. Kelâm ilminde bütün inanç esasları en nihayetinde Allah’a imanı açıklamak ve güçlendirmek için temellendirilir. Bu sebeple Allah’a iman aslü’l-usûl (bütün ilkelerin aslı) olarak anılır.

Tarihî konjonktürde Kelâm ilmi içerde Müslümanların inanç meselelerini tartışırken dışarda da genişleyen İslâm coğrafyasının ortaya çıkardığı inanç meselelerine isbât-ı vâcib çalışmalarıyla cevap vermeye gayret etmiştir. Bu çerçevede nübüvvet ve âhiret konuları kelâma dahil edilmiştir. Kelâm tarihi başlangıcı itibariyle özellikle materyalist çevrelere karşı Allah’ın varlığını savunurken büyük ölçüde atomculuk nazariyesini kullanmıştır. Zaman içinde İslâm felsefesi ve tasavvufun sistemleşmesiyle beraber kelâmın hudûs delili, felsefenin imkân delili ve sûfiyyenin keşf ve ilham delili üç ayrı koldan bu mesaiyi güçlendirirken hem bu ekollerin kendi içindeki etkileşimi, hem de isbât-ı vâcib çalışmalarının muhataplarının çeşitlenmesi kullanılan delilleri birbirine yaklaştırmıştır. Özellikle Şehristânî (öl. 548/1153) ve Fahreddin Râzî (öl. 606/1210) sonrası terminoloji, konu ve metodoloji anlamında gerçekleşen yakınlaşma felsefî kelâm geleneğini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu süreçte ontolojik, kozmolojik ve teleolojik delillerin kullanımında kelâmcılar hudûs ve imkân kavramlarını birlikte kullanmaya başlamışlardır. Osmanlının son dönemlerine kadar takip edilmesi mümkün olan bu çalışmaların önemli temsilcilerinden Celâleddin ed-Devvânî’nin (öl. 908/1502) çalışmamıza konu olmasının sebebi de isbât-ı vâcib delillerini birlikte kullanmadaki mahareti ve kendisinden sonraki süreci etkileme gücü olarak özetlenebilir. Onun bu toparlayıcı özelliği kendisinden önceki isbât-ı vâcib çalışmalarının eksik taraflarını ikmal edip kendi eserlerinde meseleleri birleştirmesinde görülmektedir. Bu sebeple yazdığı risâlelere uzun yıllar şerh ve hâşiyeler yapılmış ve bu süreç XIX. yüzyıla kadar devam etmiştir.

Özellikle bu yüz yılda materyalizmin yeniden Batıda güçlenmeye başlaması ve Osmanlıda bir kesim ilim ve fikir adamını etkilemesi benzer bir tarihî tecrübe anlamına gelmektedir. Bu sebeple Allah’ın varlık delillerinin yine birbirini destekleyerek kullanılmasının lüzumu hâsıl olmuştur. Çalışmamızda bu münasebetle sürecin geldiği noktayı görmek bakımından İslâm düşüncesinin üç temel ekolü olan kelâm, İslâm felsefesi ve tasavvufun isbât-ı vâcib konusunda ürettikleri ortak argümanları vukûfiyetle ele alan son dönem Osmanlı âlimlerinden Ahmed Nûri’nin (19. yüzyıl) görüşlerini de ele aldık.
Privacidad y confidencialidad de los datos genéticos y genómicos de uso diagnóstico en Colombia
Authors: Agudelo Motta María Lucia , Osorio Ortega Daniel Francisco , Rubio Roa Adriana Carolina , Beltrán Casas Orietta Ivonne
Published: June 2022

La información genética y genómica requiere regulaciones estrictas para su manejo adecuado con el fin de evitar la divulgación inapropiada y la discriminación secundaria, pues tiene una relación directa con los derechos fundamentales y los principios bioéticos. De ahí la necesidad de evaluar la regulación colombiana existente, por lo que se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura en bases de datos del 2000 al 2020, sitios web del Congreso de la República de Colombia, la Comisión de Reforma de la Ley Australiana y la Corte Constitucional de Colombia, para identificar las falencias y los aciertos en la jurisprudencia actual del manejo, el control y la accesibilidad de la población colombiana a las pruebas e información genética. Se toma como referente Australia para comprender y plantear mejoras. Se encontró que en Colombia la información genética se cataloga como sensible (Sentencia C-334-10) con regulaciones inespecíficas sin norma legislativa. En contraste, Australia dispone de directrices bioéticas específicas, penalización y protocolos que abarcan las implicaciones individuales y colectivas descritas en el Privacy Legislation Amendment Act del 2006. Es necesario que en Colombia se cree una regulación jurídica específica para la información genética y genómica con énfasis en pautas de uso sobre la privacidad, la divulgación y la no discriminación.
El hermano del niño con cáncer merece ser visible
Authors: Santamaría Torres Alexander , Rozo Guzmán Andrea Nataly , Trujillo Naranjo María Camila , Carreño Moreno Sonia Patricia
Published: June 2022

El hermano sano en situaciones de cáncer infantil es con frecuencia un sujeto invisible para su familia, los profesionales de la salud y las instituciones. El objetivo de este trabajo fue mapear e integrar la literatura científica acerca de la experiencia del hermano del niño diagnosticado con cáncer. Se desarrolló una Scoping Review de 28 artículos publicados entre 2016 y 2020, en los idiomas español, inglés y portugués. Se incluyeron 12 estudios cualitativos, 15 cuantitativos y un estudio mixto. Frente a los hallazgos, se identificó que hay cambios en las relaciones entre hermanos, parentales y sociales, además de cambios personales y una oferta limitada de apoyo a los hermanos del niño con cáncer. Se concluye que el cáncer infantil afecta directamente a los miembros de la familia, incluido al hermano sano, quien enfrenta cambios drásticos en su vida que implican nuevas necesidades, sentimientos y conductas de riesgo. Se requiere una mayor investigación y abordaje acerca del impacto del cáncer infantil en hermanos sanos, así como el diseño de intervenciones que pongan de manifiesto la necesidad de hacer visible a este sujeto que sufre el daño colateral del cáncer infantil y que ha sido descuidado por su familia y por los profesionales en salud.
Bioética social, deberes del Estado derecho y deberes civiles en la vacunación COVID-19
Authors: Camargo Rubio Rubén Darío
Published: June 2022

La industria biotecnológica ha desarrollado en tiempo récord varias vacunas que están a disposición de los Gobiernos para ser adquiridas, distribuidas y aplicadas a la sociedad civil para frenar la pandemia delCOVID-19. La población debe confiar en las vacunas como medio para adquirir la inmunidad de rebaño, de lo contrario tendremos que adquirir la inmunidad por contagio. La bioética centrada en la ética clínica amplía su visión a una bioética social que reconoce los derechos fundamentales a la salud, la vida y los deberes del Estado a la adquisición, distribución, acceso, aplicación y vigilancia de la vacunación durante la pandemia del COVID-19. Se reconocen el derecho a la autonomía y a las libertades individuales y los deberes civiles de responsabilidad, compromiso y solidaridad ante las políticas de salud pública. La bioética social es un actor dentro de la pandemia que se relaciona con las personas, las comunidades, el Estado y la salud pública y que se argumenta a través de la ética personal y de responsabilidad. El objetivo de este artículo es dar a conocer la importancia de la bioética social, integrada a los deberes del Estado, los derechos y deberes civiles en la vacunación contra la enfermedad COVID-19.
Dilemas, disonancias y conflictos éticos del trabajo de campo en antropología médica en contextos institucionales de atención a la salud
Authors: Cruz Martín Ana Gabriela , Colmenares Roa Tirsa Alejandra , Fay Martina , Manrique de Lara y Ramírez Amaranta , Figueroa Perea Juan Guillermo , Peláez Ballestas Ingris
Published: June 2022

El trabajo de campo etnográfico, que implica el encuentro con la otredad, es utilizado por la antropología médica para acercarse a la comprensión de problemáticas sociales relacionadas con la salud, la enfermedad, la atención y la muerte. El objetivo del trabajo fue realizar una reflexión ética de diversas situaciones conflictivas experimentadas por tres antropólogas durante sus investigaciones en México, a través del análisis de sus diarios de campo. Con este fin, se realizó un análisis grupal e interdisciplinario desde una perspectiva ética. Los conflictos encontrados se clasificaron en: 1. Dilemas éticos (como la sinceridad vs. ocultamiento de información); 2. Disonancias éticas (como la justicia en el acceso de los informantes a los servicios médicos, el acceso y la identidad del antropólogo en campo, los límites de la intervención, la reciprocidad y las emociones del investigador); y 3. Otros (conflictos éticos tales como la observación del paternalismo médico y las diferencias disciplinares entre el quehacer antropológico y el médico). Este análisis permitió comprender a través de una alerta ético-metodológica los posicionamientos epistemológicos, metodológicos y, principalmente, éticos de las investigadoras que, de manera subrepticia, guían la construcción del quehacer antropológico. Asimismo, la investigación permitió vislumbrar la responsabilidad de las acciones o inacciones del investigador frente a las personas observadas dentro de un contexto de atención en salud.
Şihâbeddin el-Mercânî’nin İbn Teymiyye İle İlişkisi Konusunda Rızâeddin Fahreddin’in Muallakta Bıraktığı Bir Meselenin Tahlili
Authors: KUTLU Sönmez
Published: June 2022

Rızâeddin Fahreddin, İbn Teymiyye kitabında İdil-Ural alimleri arasında İbn Teymiyye’den ilk bahsedenin Mercânî olup olmadığını tartışmaya açtı.. O, Rusya Müslümanları arasında 1910’dan önce İbn Teymiyye’nin adının, eserlerinin ve görüşlerinin başkalarının kitapları üzerinden bilindiğini ileri sürdü. Onun böyle bir iddiayı ileri sürmesinin sebebi Mercânî’nin Şerhu’l-Akâid el-Adûdiyye haşiyesinin bir müsvedde nüshasındaki notta, İbn Teymiyye’nin “Hanbelilerin ileri gelenlerinden” ve “Hadis taraftarı olduğu”, “Allah’a cihet ve mekân isnat ve ispatı ettiği”, “arşın lafzî anlamda mekan olduğu”, “kainâtın bütün eczâsıyla hâdis (sonradan yaratılmış) olduğunu söyleyememiş olduğu” ve “münferit eşhâsın hudûsuyla iktifâ etmiş olduğu” şeklindeki bilgiler yer almaktaydı. O, Mercânî’nin bu ifadelerinin kaynaklarını aydınlatmak için büyük bir çaba sarf etmiştir. fakat meseleyi muallakta bırakmıştır. Biz bu makalemizde, Rızâeddin Fahreddin’in muallakta bıraktığı “Rusya müslümanları arasında İbn Teymiyye ve eserlerine ilgi duyan ve onlardan bahseden ilk kişinin Mercânî olup olmadığı” meselesini, Mercânî İbn Teymiyye etkileşimini ve İbn Teymiyye’den aktarılan “alemin nevi ile kadim olduğu” fikrini, Mercânî’nin Vefiyye’si, İbn Teymiyye’nin eserleri, ona yazılan reddiyelerden hareketle karşılaştırmalı bir şekilde analiz edeceğiz ve muallakta bırakılan bu meselenin aydınlatılmasına katkıda bulunacağız.
The prospects of Russia-China technology exchange partnership and digitalization: current trends and future prospects
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Sokolova Elizaveta S. , Leontieva Lidia S. ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Shkarina Vera S. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: June 2022

Relevance. Today, China and Russia are among the most technologically advanced countries in Asia, and the technological exchange between them in the context of the in-terest of both in each other looks a very powerful tool for further development of mutu-ally beneficial cooperation, especially given the current difficult situation in the technol-ogy market and restrictions on access to it by third countries. Problem. There are a num-ber of barriers to the development of technological cooperation between countries that do not allow us to speak with confidence about a long-term alliance; so the question of future relationships arises. Study. The authors aim to answer the question of whether the partnership between the Russian Federation and China will be a priority by examining the main indicators of the scientific development of the two countries. Results. The au-thors classify the cooperation of the technological process, and also evaluate the effec-tiveness of patent and investment activities in the countries of the Union. The main pur-pose of the article is to analyze the analysis of the technology of infection with patho-gens in order to identify bilateral benefits found on the facts. The main conclusion of the work is the answer to the question posed: the authors tend to believe that the coopera-tion between China and Russia cannot be called an alliance. The authors also offer rec-ommendations on how to improve the effectiveness of the cooperation measures taken. The most important contribution of the article is to prove that although the exchange of technology is vital for both economies, their political and economic courses are different, and the countries are united only temporarily.
Forms and mechanisms of interaction between government levels to support small businesses in the region
Authors:   Kuban State Technological University, Bayanduryan Galina L. , Gonezhuk Marieta C. ,   Kuban State Technological University
Published: June 2022

Abstract. The economic and social effect is the main goal of state support for the small and medi-um-sized enterprise sector (hereinafter referred to as SMEs). However, the government's long-term efforts in the field of SMEs have not significantly affected the growth of the share of SMEs in the Russian economy. The main performance indicators of the SME sector have remained virtually unchanged for several years. Undoubtedly, the state policy in the sphere of small and medium-sized enterprises is de-veloping and improving: institutions for the development and support of small and me-dium-sized enterprises are being created, new tools and support mechanisms are being developed, and the interest and involvement of regions in its implementation is increas-ing. However, this is clearly not enough. The main conductor of the state policy in the sphere of small and medium-sized enter-prises in the territory of the subjects of the Russian Federation are regional public au-thorities. Priorities and tools for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, their consistency and interconnection at all levels of government are considered in detail. The problems of the existing forms and mechanisms of interaction between the levels of government in matters of small business support, the degree of participation in the im-plementation of state and regional policy in this area of regional and municipal authori-ties are revealed. The current system of distribution of powers between the authorities of all levels on the development and support of small and medium-sized enterprises is ana-lyzed. In the course of this analysis, it was revealed that the current mechanism of interaction of authorities in the development of SMEs is not effectively organized. Recommenda-tions are given.
Modeling of import-substituting development of the industry based on the economic cross method
Authors:   Moscow State University of the Humanities and Economics, Timokhin Dmitry V. , Panin Alexander V. ,   Russian State Agrarian University – K. A. Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Uspenskaya Inna N. ,   Moscow University for the Humanities
Published: June 2022

Abstract. The practice of countering sanctions in Russia in 2014-2021 and the sanctions crisis of February-April 2020 showed that ensuring the economic security of the country on the basis of import substitution is impossible without the formation of integral continuous food chains. Between 2014 and 2021, the country successfully managed to form its own manufacturer in such critical sectors of its economy as agriculture, software manufactur-ing, production of means of production, and production of its own equipment for export industries, including oil and gas production. At the same time, the dependence of the re-spective manufacturers on foreign components, foreign labor and foreign services re-mains a significant problem. For a number of sectors of the domestic economy, including the aircraft industry and the automotive industry, dependence on intermediate links in supply chains controlled by a foreign manufacturer remained critical at the beginning of 2022, which gave grounds to start a discussion at the level of the country's leadership about the inevitability of taking extraordinary measures to preserve industry in the me-dium term. Projects are being discussed regarding the resumption of production of do-mestic models and components using obsolete technologies, including Soviet technolo-gies. So, in relation to the automotive industry, the expediency of resuming the produc-tion of E0 class engines is being discussed. At the same time, in the long term, effective import substitution is impossible without complex modeling of the industry architecture based on the use of innovative technologies. The purpose of this work is to adapt the previously proposed by the authors methodology of the "Economic Cross" in relation to the current needs of the sectoral import substitution. The key aspects that require moni-toring by the organizer of import substitution at the industry level and possible direc-tions for identifying and involving the intellectual resource of the development of the Russian economy in the process of import substitution using the proposed method of economic planning and forecasting are identified.
Türk İşaret Dilinde Çoklu Eylemlere İlişkin Bir Sınıflandırma Önerisi
Authors: GÜÇLÜTÜRK Yasemin , ERGENÇ İclâl
Published: June 2022

Eylem çoğulluğu, yineleme belirteçlerinin kullanımıyla sözcüğe anlamsal boyutta çoğulluk ve dağılım gibi bilgilerin kodlanmasıyla meydana gelen bir dilbilgisel kategoridir. Bu belirteçlerin dağılım kodlamasının, kişi, sayı, yer ve zaman içerebildiği görülmektedir. Güncel çalışmalarda, çoklu eylem konusu üzerine bir eğilim bulunmasına rağmen kapsamlı bir eylem çoğulluğu sınıflandırması bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, TİD’de eylem çoğulluğu olgusuna dair yapısal ve işlevsel açıdan bulgulara dayalı ve derlem tabanlı bir eylem çoğulluğu sınıflandırması ortaya konmaya çalışılacaktır. Yapısal açıdan bakıldığında TİD’de, bağımsız, el dışı ve birleşimsel olarak farklı eylem çoğulluğu belirleyicileri bulunmaktadır. Bağımsız türler; /-TEK/, /-YAY/, /-DEĞ/ ve /-2EL/ eylem çoğulluğu belirleyicilerinden oluşmaktadır. El dışı türler ise /-YŞ/ ve /-BK/ eylem çoğulluğu belirleyicilerini içermektedir. Birden fazla belirleyici içeren birleşimsel türde ise, /-TEK + YAY/, /-TEK + 2EL/, /-YAY + 2EL/, /-TEK + BK/, /TEK + YŞ/, /-DEĞ + YŞ/, /-DEĞ + BK/, /-YAY + BK/ ve /-YAY + YŞ/ eylem çoğulluğu belirleyicileri bulunmaktadır. İşlevsel açıdan ele alındığında ise Kuhn ve Aristodemo (2017)’nin ortaya koyduğu anlamsal sınıflandırma temelinde incelendiğinde, TİD’de eylem çoğulluğu belirleyicileri, tek türün yanı sıra, (a) ve (b), (b) ve (c) ya da üç türün hepsinin kodlanmasını sağlayabilmektedir. Diğer işaret dilleriyle karşılaştırıldığında, TİD’de el dışı biçimbirimlerin de eylem çoğulluğu belirleyicisi olarak ele ait biçimbirimler kadar etkili olduğu görülmektedir.
Csató, Éva Á., Gren-Eklund, G., Johanson, L. and Karakoç, B. (Eds). Turcologica Upsaliensia: An illustrated collection of essays. 2020. Brill. 288 pages. ISBN 9789004435704
Authors: MERAL Hasan Mesut
Published: June 2022

The Oriental languages and cultures have long been on the research agenda of Western scholars and many works have been done on both near eastern and far eastern civilizations in order to define the linguistic and cultural landscape in these non-western regions of the world. This work reviews one of the recent contributions on the issue, Turcologica Upsaliensia: an illustrated collection of essays edited by Éva Á. Csató, Gunilla Gren-Eklund, Lars Johanson and Birsel Karakoç.
Clinical and morphological features of thyroid tumors with mutations in the NTRK, RAS, BRAF, RET genes
Authors: Savchuk M. R. , Plaksa I. L. , Shved N. V.
Published: June 2022

Despite the rather favorable clinical course of thyroid tumors, the issue of timely and high-quality diagnosis is still relevant. Due to the development of personalized treatment in medicine and the emergence of drugs that target specific mutations, timely detection of these mutations is very important. The pathologist should be focused on the search for certain morphological markers that suggest the presence of certain mutations in tumor cells. To narrow the differential diagnostic search, it is important to know the mechanisms of development of key mutations, mutually exclusive mutations, to have information about the clinical course of the disease. Based on these data, the next step will be more specific diagnostics (IHC, molecular genetic methods). Based on the analysis of literature data, it was possible to identify some distinctive morphological signs that can help the pathologist to suspect the presence of a particular mutation in the tumor. For mutations in the NTRK genes, such signs are the follicular variant of papillary cancer, nuclear pseudo-inclusions, presence of an oncocytic component, metastases, and the absence of a solid component. For the assumption of RAS mutations, attention paid to tumors of the follicular structure with an aggressive clinical course. The young age of the patient, metastases to the lymph nodes, and cancer of the thyroid gland of the classic papillary structure will allow one to assume the presence of a mutation in the RET gene. The BRAF mutation is characterized by specific cellular changes (pseudo-inclusions in the nuclei, the presence of plump cells or cells with sickle-shaped nuclei) in a thyroid cancer with a classic papillary structure.
Behavior of the Lubricating Oil for Diesel Engines SAE 15W40 in Different Geographical Conditions Based on Oil Analysis
Authors: Ramos Johnny Marcelo Pancha , Hoyos Juan Carlos Rocha , Gualoto Wilmer Andres Allauca , Israel Carrillo Vallejo Alex
Published: June 2022

This research shows the behavior of the lubricating oil SAE 15W40 with API CI-4 PLUS used in diesel engines based on the different geographical and atmospheric conditions that Ecuador has. Three vehicles that use HINO AK diesel engines and operate in different geographical points of Ecuador (Unit 18, Unit 4, Unit 6) were used to obtain data on viscosity, soot, and sulphation by analyzing the oil provided by a specialized laboratory, for which the lubricant sampling must be carried out at 0 km, 3,000 km, 6,000 km, and 8,500 km of travel. The Unit 18 lubricant was found to have differences compared to Units 4 and 6, showing a 2.09% difference in viscosity and 41.67% in soot, but none in sulphation as the fuel used in all three cars was the same.
Keywords: Lubricant oil, Lubricant behavior, Oil analysis, Geographic conditions.
Resumen
La presente investigación muestra el comportamiento del aceite lubricante SAE 15W40 con API CI-4 PLUS utilizado en motores diésel, debido a las diferentes condiciones geográficas y atmosféricas que presenta el país. Para el estudio se utilizaron tres vehículos que utilizan motores diésel HINO AK, los cuales operan en distintos puntos geográficos del Ecuador, (Unidad 18, Unidad 4, Unidad 6), los datos de viscosidad, hollín y sulfatación se obtienen a través de los ensayos de análisis de aceite otorgados por un laboratorio especializado, para lo cual se debe realizar un muestreo a 0 Km, 3 000 Km, 6 000 Km y 8 500 Km de recorrido. Se obtiene que el lubricante de la unidad 18 presenta diferencias a comparación de las unidades 4 y 6, mostrando un 2.09% de diferencia en la viscosidad y un 41.67% en el hollín, por otra parte, la sulfatación no presenta cambios debido a que el combustible empleado en los tres automotores es el mismo.
Palabras Clave: Aceite lubricante, Comportamiento del lubricante, Análisis de aceite, Condiciones geográficas.
Editorial and Committee
Authors: Naula Erazo Blanca
Published: June 2022

This is an Editorial and does not have an abstract. Please download the PDF or view the article HTML.