bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asifya School And its Role In Fallujah, “Matn Al-Ghaya Wel-Taqreeb” Model
Authors: AbbasAl-Issaw Ali Hussein , Shweesh Alesawi Hatem Abdullah
Published: June 2020

Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds, and peace and blessings be upon Muhammad and his family and companions. We defined the Asifya school and why it was called so with this name as well as when it was established. We also mentioned the bibliography of Fallujah.we explained Asifya’s role, its methodology and its impact on the city of Fallujah.
Keywords: Asifya, Fallujah, Matn Al-Ghaya Wel-Taqreeb.
Discourse Analysis of Business Letters for the Construction and Maintenance of Fallu-ja Bridge between 1927-1929
Authors: Khamees Khalaf Meethaq
Published: June 2020

The present study aims to identify and describe the function of grammatical cohesive devices utilized at the discourse level. Business letters for the construction and maintenance of Falluja bridge between 1927-1929 were analyzed to show the communicative functions of the grammatical cohesive devices. To this end, the study adoptedHallidayandHassan’s(1976)model of grammatical cohesion. The conclusions arrived at reflecting the discoursal value of the grammatical cohesive devices that contribute to the cohesion of the text achieving communicative functions in the text. The recurrence of grammatical cohesive devices reveals that the selected business letters are closely related to the value that they have in their communicative purposes.
Keywords: Business Letters, Cohesion, Discourse analysis, Falluja Bridge, Text.
Agriculture and irrigation system in Fallujah 1958-1917
Authors: Abood Jdaih Al- Subaihi Munir
Published: June 2020

This paper deals with the reality of agriculture in Fallujah after the British occupation in July 1917 and its impact on agriculture production. The British contributed to the organization of irrigation canals in Saqlawiyah and eastern Fallujah, which they organized for the purpose of irrigating the largest possible area of arable land. These methods were effective and resulted in food volumes that were sufficient to meet the need of the people of the city and thus help to ensure stability, security, and community peace.
Keywords: Not Available
İlkokul 1. ve 2. Sınıfta Din Öğretimi: Alman Devlet Okullarında Okutulan Mein Islambuch 1-2 Ders Kitabının Muhteva Özellikleri Bakımından İncelenmesi
Authors: ÇİNEMRE Semra
Published: June 2020

Dünyanın birçok ülkesinde din öğretimine ilişkin derslere okul öncesinden başlanarak ilkokul 1. sınıftan itibaren son sınıfa kadar yer verilmektedir. Bu derslerin hangi kapsamda ve ne tür modellerle verildiğine ilişkin olarak ise çeşitli ülkelerde farklı uygulamalar söz konusudur. Ülkemizde ise Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi dersi 1982 Anayasasının 24. Maddesi ile zorunlu olarak okutulmaktadır. Her ne kadar anayasanın ilgili paragrafında “Din kültürü ve ahlak öğretimi, ilk ve ortaöğretim kurumlarında okutulan zorunlu dersler arasında yer alır.” ifadesi, ilk ve ortaöğretimin tümünü kuşatan genişlikte ise de uygulamada bu ders, 4. sınıftan itibaren yürütülmektedir. Bu noktada 2014 yılında gerçekleşen 19. Milli Eğitim Şûrası’nda Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi dersinin, eksik bırakılmış olduğu ilkokul 1-3. sınıf düzeylerinde de okutulması yönünde bir tavsiye kararı alınmıştır. Fakat ülkemizde henüz ilkokulun bu sınıf düzeylerinde din öğretimine ilişkin uygulama tecrübesi ve eğitimbilimsel altyapı bulunmamaktadır. Bu noktada öncelikle bu sahanın zeminini oluşturacak akademik çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulduğu açıktır. Bu düşünceden hareketle bu çalışmada ilkokul 1 ve 2. sınıf düzeyinde verilen bir din dersini örnek bir ders kitabı üzerinden incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda Almanya’da Müslüman çocuklar için hazırlanmış olan Mein Islambuch 1/2 dersi kitabı, muhteva özellikleri bakımından doküman incelemesi ile analiz edilmiştir.
An Exploratory Study On The Possibility Of Replacing Tawarruq Based Islamic Banking Products Using Other Alternatives
Authors: Ahmad Zaki , Zahir Faathih , Usman Ahmed Mohamud , Muneeza Aishath , Mustapha Zakariya
Published: June 2020

Tawarruq which is also known as commodity Murabahah in Islamic banking is widely practiced in Malaysia to structure different types of Islamic banking products. The widespread use of tawarruq has made Islamic banks to be re-named as “tawarruq banks” and some even call tawarruq as the “magic lamp” of the industry. Shariah scholars have criticised this frequent usage of tawarruq in Islamic banking industry of Malaysia, while the practitioners have replied by saying that if tawarruq is a shariah approved concept, then what is wrong with the usage of it? However, from the shariah perspective, the issue here is not about the shariah compliance of tawarruq transactions per se. It is about the shariah limitations imposed by the scholars on the use of it. This simply means that there is a reservation made by shariah scholars in allowing the usage of tawarruq contract in Islamic finance as tawarruq is a contract allowed to be used when one has to choose between a conventional loan and tawarruq. The purpose of this research is thus to show the alternative Islamic commercial contracts that could be used to structure Islamic banking products that have been structured in the market using tawarruq. It is anticipated that the outcome of this research will assist Islamic banking industry to understand why and how they can move away from tawarruq.
Pathophysiological and morphological aspects of congenital hyperinsulinism. Review
Authors: Perminova A. A.
Published: June 2020

Congenital hyperinsulinism is one of the most common causes of hypoglycemia in infants. In the absence of adequate pharmacological correction of hypoglycemic attacks, the development of irreversible changes in the central nervous system with the subsequent disability of such patients is possible. Due to the ineffectiveness of conservative therapy, in many cases surgical intervention is required. However, due to the imperfection of preoperative diagnosis, pathologists intraoperatively perform the differentiation between focal and diffuse forms of congenital hyperinsulinism. But the pancreatic pathology with congenital hyperinsulinism remains poorly understood, therefore histological and further immunohistochemical diagnosis presents significant difficulties.This review presents data on the histological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical characteristics of the endocrine pancreas, which may be useful in the further studies of congenital hyperinsulinism. In particular, we describe in detail the current approaches to morphological classification and intraoperative histological diagnosis of various forms of congenital hyperinsulinism. In addition, we give a detailed description of the expression of transcription factors NeuroD1, Nkx2.2 and Isl1 in pancreatic tissue during immunohistochemical study. Also, we describe the profile of immunohistochemical staining of dopamine and somatostatin receptors, as well as somatostatin and chromogranin A.The data of numerous studies combined in this review can help researchers in the further search for solutions to the diagnostic and therapeutic problems associated with congenital hyperinsulinism.
Integration around regional development goals. Discourse concerning the European Social Fund utilisation in Opolskie region
Authors: Wieczorek Robert
Published: June 2020

The article presents an analysis of the discourse of the European Social Found (ESF) component in Regional Operating Programme of Opolskie Voivodeship present in regional media. The paper shows multilevel institutional conditions for the regional ESF discourse that concerns the integration around regional development goals. Next, it includes an analysis of the EFS discourse in regional media. The comparison of regulations and regional media discourse shows important discrepancies between them, which becomes an argument for considering regional media discourse on ESF as somewhat independent from institutional regulations. The article also shows that the integration around regional development goals is not the main focal point in it and is not realised precisely in according to the external regulations.
Locality in the era of globalization. Carriers of the memory of historical landscapes – studies on the Evangelical cemeteries of the Masuria region (Poland)
Authors: Majewska Anna , Worobiec Krzysztof A. , Bugowska Edyta
Published: June 2020

The main purpose of this article was to present contemporary narratives (social and scientific discourse) about the Evangelical cemeteries of Masuria, based on the examples of the activities under two projects, whose common denominator are the restoration of memory and the protection of cultural heritage. The present elaboration concerns selected issues of the functioning of the tangible cultural heritage in the Masuria region (in Pasym and one of the deserted villages). This piece of writing also describes how the spaces of Protestant cemeteries can be interpreted anew, especially as a result of documentative works.
Development and Validation of an Instrument to Measure Nurses' Beliefs Toward Deaf and Hard of Hearing Interaction
Authors: Lewis Audra , Keele Becky
Published: June 2020

Background and Purpose

Nurse–patient communication has a significant effect on health outcomes and quality of care. The purpose of this research was to develop and validate an instrument to measure nurses' beliefs toward interacting with Deaf signers, non-signing deaf, and hard of hearing (DdHH) patients.

Methods

Initial pool items created based on literature review. Content validated by DdHH and hearing registered nurses (RNs) and certified interpreters working in healthcare. Resulting D/deaf and Hard of Hearing Interaction Beliefs Scale for Registered Nurses (DdHH-IBS/RN) administered to two groups of RNs. Two validation studies conducted.

Results

Analyses demonstrated high inter-item reliability, internal consistency reliability, and stability reliability of a 25-item DdHH-IBS/RN. Confirmatory factor analysis supported hypothesized structure of the scale.

Conclusion

The DdHH-IBS/RN is a reliable and valid scale to measure nurses' beliefs towards DdHH interaction.
DRUŠTVENO-ISTORIJSKI KONTEKST, NAUČNI DOMETI I AKTUELNOST ŠKOLSKOG I NASTAVNOG PROCESA JANA AMOSA KOMESNKOG
Authors: Mihajlović Tatjana V. , Jenjić Slaviša V.
Published: June 2020

Jan Amos Komenski u pedagoškoj zaostavštini važi za jednog od najznačajnijih mislilaca u oblasti pedagogije. Iako je u vreme kada je živeo osuđivan zbog svojih stavova i uverenja koja je utkao u svoja dela, važi za mislioca svoga vremena koga je krasila pedagoška strast sa kojom je delovao u oblasti teorije i prakse vaspitanja i obrazovanja. Renesansni način mišljenja došao je do izražaja u pedagoškim idejama Komenskog koji se zalagao za napuštanje jednostranosti starih sholastika, za obrazovanje čoveka za nebesko, ali i za zemaljsko carstvo. U želji da prevaziđe intelektualnu jednostranost stare škole, njegova pansofijska koncepcija vaspitanja i obrazovanja doprinela je kvalitenijem sticanju znanja, usvajanju veština i navika. Nova škola želi da implementira naučna saznanja u vaspitno-obrazovni proces, podstiče aktivnost i samoaktivnost učenika.

Cilj našeg rada jeste da ukažemo na naučne domete i aktuelnost školskog i nastavnog procesa Komenskog. Za potrebe rada primenjena je metoda teorijske analize i istorijska metoda sa tehnikom analize sadržaja. Proučavanje primarnih i sekundarnih izvora zahvaljujući primenjenim metodama, eksplicitno ukazuje da je rad Komenskog bio i ostao predmet proučavanja i istraživanja s obzirom na pregršt korisnih ideja, misli, saveta i uputstava na kojima današnji pedagozi i praktičari temelje svoj rad. Pored epohalnog dela Velike didaktike, knjiga Orbis Sensualium Pictus ukazuje na neophodnost povezivanja čulnih utisaka sa aktivnostima učenika. Predstavlja jednu vrstu metodičkog udžbenika u kojoj se na inovativan način učenicima pruža mogućnost da efiksno usvoje nastavne sadržaje.

U zaključku autori ukazuju da u prošlosti uvek nalazimo i deo savremenosti koja se tiče Komenskog i njegovih saznanja.
PEDAGOŠKE IDEJE KOMENSKOG U SVETLU SAVREMENIH KONCEPCIJA PREDŠKOLSKOG VASPITANJA
Authors: Pavlović Aleksandra , Klemenović Jasmina
Published: June 2020

Pedagoške misli i ideje Jan Amosa Komenskog nalaze mesto u gotovo svim istorijskim osvrtima i pregledima problematike vaspitanja i obrazovanja. Njegovi pogledi su vekovima inspirisali mnoge mislioce, a tako je i sa onima iz modernog doba. Razlog tome svakako jesu brojni doprinosi i sveubuhvatnost njegovih teorijskih shvatanja i praktičnih preporuka. Želeo je da iz temelja izgradi didaktiku i položio je nove filozofske temelje vaspitno-obrazovnog rada razvijajući čitav system obrazovanja i vaspitanja. Poseban značaj, i za ovaj rad ključan, jeste njegov stav i pozitivan odnos prema učenju i razvoju u ranom detinjstvu. Cilj ovog rada jeste sagledavanje pedagoških ideja Komenskog kroz njihovo dovođenje u vezu sa modernim shvatanjima potencijala ranog i predškolskog uzrasta. Kao posebno važno, i u okviru ovog rada izdvojeno, jeste njegovo zalaganje za univerzalno obrazovanje tj. obrazovanje za sve, zatim ideje koje se odnose na rano vaspitanje u Materinskoj školi, pridajući veliku važnost vaspitanju dece ranog uzrasta, kao i shvatanje igre i mogućnosti učenja u ovom uzrastu.
Uji Efektivitas Konsentrasi Spodoptera litura – Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (SlNPV) JTM 97C Formulasi Bubuk Terhadap Larva Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Pada Tanaman Kedelai
Authors: Syahroni M Novel Ghufron , Haryadi Nanang Tri
Published: June 2020

Spodoptera litura (armyworm) is an important leaf pest that is polyphagic and has a broad range of hosts. Spodoptera litura is the main pest in soybean plants and can cause up to 50% damage and often results in decreased productivity and even crop failure. Spodoptera litura is widespread in areas with hot and humid climates from the subtropics to the tropics. S. litura pests attack cultivation plants in the vegetative and generative phases. The prospect of insect pathogens as a substitute for chemical insecticides is quite good in terms of their effectiveness and impact on the environment. Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV) is one of the Baculoviridae viruses that infect the larval stage. Spodoptera litura Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (SlNPV) is a pathogenic virus that infects armyworms. SlNPV JTM 97C is an effective isolate in controlling larvae of Spodoptera litura. The larvae used in this study were larval instar 4, instar 5, and instar 6. The study was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments consisted of controls, 1 g / l, 2g / l, 3 g / l, 4 g / l, and 5 g / l. Each treatment was applied to instar 4, instar 5 and 6 instar larvae. The results showed that SlNPV JTM 97C affected mortality, stopped eating and pupa formation of instar 4, instar 5 larvae, but did not affect instar 6 larvae. The younger the larval instar the higher the pathogenicity response.
Uji Alat Augmentasi dan Konservasi Parasitoid Telur Kepik Hijau (Nezara viridula L.) pada Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine max L.)
Authors: Hikmah Zulfa Nuril , Purnomo Hari
Published: June 2020

Soybean pod damage caused by N. viridula reached 61.37% of the total pods and 61.67% of the total seeds attacked. Efforts were made, namely the application of chemical insecticides made from active chlorpyrifos which can reduce the population of N. viridula to reach 57.4% and the insecticides made from deltamerin which are reducing the population by 51.6%. Control is needed that can reduce the negative effects caused by chemical insecticides, one of which is mechanical control. Mechanical control can be done one of them with augmentation and conservation tools. the research is by taking the eggs of N. viridula in the field and laying the eggs in an augmentation and conservation tool with several treatments of different filter cloth diameters, 0.1 mm; 0.3 mm; 0.2 mm; and 0.6 mm. Observations were made by looking at and counting the number of parasitoids that were able to pass through the filter cloth and those that did not pass through the filter cloth, followed by identification of the species of the parasitoid that was obtained. The results showed that the parasitoids were able to escape in all treatments but with varying amounts. The difference in number can be influenced by the presence of parasitoids in the field and the level of parasitoid parasitation. Likewise with Trichogramma sp also able to pass on all treatments. Therefore, the most suitable treatment is treatment with a 0.1 mm diameter filter cloth. The identified parasites were T. rowani and T. podisi
THE EFFECT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT SPILLOVER ON THE LEVEL OF TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY IN LARGE AND MEDIUM MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY IN EAST JAVA
Authors: Widyananda Ahmad Oktabri , Sari Dyah Wulan
Published: June 2020

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) takes an important role in the development process, especially in developing countries. The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze FDI spillover on the level of technical efficiency in the large and medium manufacturing industry in East Java. This study uses a time-varying stochastic frontier approach for firm-level panel data of the East Java manufacturing industry. The results show that all factors in this study affect the level of technical efficiency of large and medium industries in East Java. Variable foreign share, FDI horizontal spillover, and firm size have a positive influence on the technical efficiency of the industry. Whereas the variable FDI backward spillover, FDI forward spillover and the level of market concentration negatively affect the level of technical efficiency of the industry. Finally, it’s needed to build synergies and sustainable relationships between products produced by domestic and foreign firms. Thus, the presence of foreign firms in East Java could have a positive impact on improving the technical efficiency of the domestic industry both at the upstream and downstream levels. Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment Spillover, Technical Efficiency, East Java IndustryJEL Classification: F21, L60, D24
ANALYSIS OF LEADING SECTORS POTENTIAL FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PLANNING IN MALANG CITY
Authors: Rizani Ahmad
Published: June 2020

This study aims to identify and determine the leading sectors in Malang City to illustrate leading economic activities that can be developed to boost economic potential in Malang City. The analysis tools used include Shift-Share, Location Quotient (LQ), and Growth Ratio Model (GRM) analysis. The results show that: (1) shift-share analysis showed that the economy of Malang City during the period 2010-2016 increased by Rp. 12,926,565.5 million. The increase in economic performance in Malang City can be seen from 16 (sixteen) sectors of economic activity that are positive; (2) Location Quotient (LQ) analysis showed the leading sectors in Malang City consisting of 7 (seven) sectors, i.e. water procurement, garbage, waste and recycling management, construction, retail and wholesale trade, car and motorcycle repair, financial and insurance services, education services, health services, and social activities and other services sector; (3) Growth Ratio Model (GRM) estimation showed that the dominant sectors of growth and large contributions consist of the retail and wholesale trade car and motorcycle repair, transportation and warehousing, accommodation and food provision, information and communication, financial and insurance services, real estate, education services and health services and social activities sectors; (4) weighting results based on Shift-Share, Location Quotient (LQ) analysis, and Growth Ratio Model (GRM) showed that five sectors based on the highest potential weighting results are the health services and social activities, education services, construction, retail and wholesale trade car and motorcycle repair, and financial and insurance services sector. Keywords: Economic Potential, Shift-Share, Location Quotient (LQ), Growth Ratio Model (GRM)JEL Classification: R58;R11;O41
KOMPLEKSITAS KEHIDUPAN (ANAK) PEREMPUAN PEKERJA SEKS: ANALISIS GEGURITAN ASIH PUNK ROCK KARYA WIJI THUKUL
Authors: Susilo Joko
Published: June 2020

During new order regime in Indonesia, it was acclaimed that there were onlythree poets whose poetries raised the issue of regime oppression. One ofthem was Wiji Thukul who then suddenly disappeared and left no traces buthis poetries. Asih Punk Rock is one of his poetries that he wrote in Javanese.It tells a story about life of a female sex worker named Asih. By applyingMichael Riffaterre method in analyzing poetry, I discover that Wiji Thukulwere trying to raise the issue of sexual violence against women/girls anddiscrimination against female sex workers, an issue that was considered lessimportant during new order regime and even until today.
MAKNA DAN IDEOLOGI KOMUNITAS SEPEDA KEBO DI SURABAYA DALAM KAJIAN SUBKULTUR
Authors: Pariyanto Pariyanto
Published: June 2020

The rising popularity of modern bikes has replaced sepeda kebo (Indonesia’s old-fashioned bike) as one of common means of transportation in Indonesia. Sepeda kebo nowadays is considered as antique that implicates on impression of sepeda kebo riding as nonmainstream activities. The riders belong to sepeda kebo cliques that introduce community-scaled companionship of riders. By implementing phenomenological paradigm, this qualitative research is motivated by three research questions: first, to investigate the significance of sepeda kebo clique for the members; second, to explore the importance of sepeda kebo clique membership for the members; and third, to illuminate the characterizing orientations initiated and evolved within sepeda kebo cliques in order to either promote the cliques as subculture or defining them as communal unit of interest. The research strategy consists of purposive sampling technique, participatory observation and in-depth interview as data collection method and Creswell’s procedure as data analysis sequence.Sepeda kebo cliques in Surabaya are subcultures in globalization era and are forms of hybrid identity in coping with and resisting to mainstream cultures.
POLITIK SEKSUAL DALAM NOVEL LEMAH TANJUNG, PECINAN KOTA MALANG, DAN 1998 KARYA RATNA INDRASWARI IBRAHIM
Authors: Kuswidarti YUni
Published: June 2020

Pada pergerakan feminis radikal, satu slogan yang terkenal adalah ‘the personal is political’. Politik yang dimaksud tidak hanya beroprasi pada lingkup Negara namun bermula dari lingkup kecil seperti keluarga. Peneliti menemukan adanya bentuk-bentuk politik seksual pada era Orde Barudalam Novel Lemah Tanjung, Pecinan Kota Malang, dan 1998 karya Ratna Indraswari Ibrahim menggunakan konsep Kate Millet. Hadirnya politik seksual yang mengopresi perempuan menyebabkan adanya negosiasi terhadap sistem patriarki yang telah mengakar dalam masyarakat.
PEREMPUAN DALAM NOVEL DAKWAH: KAJIAN KARYA ASMA NADIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF HALL
Authors: Supandi Maycherlita
Published: June 2020

Abstrak: Artikel ini berfokus pada bagaimana karakter-karakter perempuan ditampilkan di dalam novel dakwah karya Asma Nadia untuk mengkaji eksistensi pengarang dan karyanya dalam ranah kultural dan agama. Fokus artikel ini adalah 1) bagaimana tokoh perempuan direpresentasikan di dalam novel Assalamualaikum Beijing dan Surga Yang Tak Dirindukan, 2) apa makna yang ditandai dengan posisi tokoh perempuan di dalam novel Assalamualaikum Beijing dan Surga Yang Tak Dirindukan. Artikel ini menggunakan teori representasi Stuart Hall dan menunjukkan bahwa terlepas dari semangat kesetaraan gender yang digemakan Forum Lingkar Pena, perempuan masih direpresentasikan dengan karakter-karakter nilai patriarki dan itu berarti makna nilai liberation dan equality yang dipegang oleh Asma Nadia masih berlandaskan tafsir klasik atas teks-teks suci agama Islam. Dengan begitu, nilai persamaan yang dimaksudkan menjadi semangat karya-karyanya, tidak tercermin dalam ranah mikro di dalam Narasi yang dibangun Asma Nadia.Kata-kata Kunci: Asma Nadia, Novel Dakwah, Forum Lingkar Pena, Stuart Hall, Representasi Abstract: This article focuses on how female characters are featured in Asma Nadia's da’wah novels to study the existence of author and her works in the cultural and religious realm. The focus of this article is 1) how the female character is represented in the novel Assalamualaikum of Beijing and the Surga Yang Tak Dirindukan, 2) what is the significance marked by the position of female characters in the novel Assalamualaikum Beijing and Surga Yang Tak Dirindukan. This article uses Stuart Hall’s theory of representation and shows that apart from the spirit of gender equality echoed by the Pen Circle Forum, women are still represented by patriarchal characters and that means the value of liberation and equality held by Asma Nadia is still based on the classical interpretation of Islamic sacred texts. That way, the value of the equation which is meant to be the spirit of the Asma Nadia’s works, is not reflected in the micro-realm within the Narration built by Asma Nadia.Keywords: Asma Nadia, Da’wah Novels, Forum Lingkar Pena, Stuart Hall, Representation
BERAGAM GAMBARAN MENGENAI ETNIS KETURUNAN CINA PADA KARYA TERJEMAHAN KEVIN KWAN’S KEKASIH KAYA RAYA
Authors: Adhitya Galant Nanta , Kurnia Nandy Intan
Published: June 2020

Abstrak: Penelitian ini berkaitan dengan topik multikulturalisme pada karya sastra dengan menunjukkan beragam penggambaran yang berbeda antara keturunan Cina Amerika, Cina Singapura dan Cina Daratan, pada karya Kevin Kwan yang telah diterjemahkan, yakni berjudul Kekasih Kaya Raya. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data dari penelitian ini adalah dalam bentuk fitur-fitur kebahasaan yang terdapat pada karya, Kekasih Kaya Raya, seperti kata, frase, klausa, kalimat dan paragraf yang berkaitan dengan topik multikulturalisme. Hasil penelitian adalah sebagai berikut: (1) keturunan Cina Amerika digambarkan sebagai sosok yang hemat dan egaliter; (2) keturunan Cina Singapura digambarkan tertutup dan komunis-individualis; dan (3) keturunan Cina daratan digambarkan boros dan menganut paham Konfusius-Komunis.Kata kunci: karya sastra, multikulturalisme, keturunan Cina daratan, keturunan Cina Singapura, keturunan Cina Amerika Abstract: This research aims to discuss the topic of multiculturalism in literary texts by showing the different portrayals of the Chinese, especially the American Chinese, Singaporean Chinese and Mainland Chinese as seen in Kevin Kwan’s translated novel, Kekasih Kaya Raya. This is a descriptive qualitative research. The data are in the form of language features, such as words, phrases, clauses, sentences and paragraph related to multiculturalism expressed in China Rich Girlfriend. The findings are as follows: (1) the American Chinese are portrayed as frugal and egalitarian; (2) the Singaporean Chinese are secretive and mixed communitarian-individualist; and (3) the Mainland Chinese are spend-thrifty and believe in Confucius-Communist.Keywords: Literary text, Multiculturalism, Mainland Chinese, Singaporean Chinese, American Chinese
IDENTITAS MULTIKULTURAL MUSLIMAH DALAM NOVEL ASMA NADIA ASSALAMUALAIKUM BEIJING
Authors: Nugraheni Roostikasari
Published: June 2020

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui identitas multikultural dalam Novel Asma Nadia Assalamualaikum Beijing. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif analisis, penelitian ini menjelaskan bagaimana sosok muslimah yang tergambarkan dalam novel Asma Nadia Assalamuaiakum Beijinh sebagai sosok muslimah yang memegang teguh ajaran agamanya dan menjunjung kesetaraan kedudukan, serta bagaimana seharusnya seorang muslimah diperlakukan.Kata Kunci: multicultural, identitas, muslimah. Abstract: This study is aimed to described multicultural identity of a muslimah in Novel Asma Nadia Assalamualaikum Beijing. Using analysis descriptive approach to answer the objective of the study. The study shows muslimah who described in Novel Asma Nadia Assalamualaikum Beijing is the one holds her principle, gender equality, and how they should be treated as a muslimah.Keywords: multicultural, identity, muslimah.
Usefulness and needs construction process in innovative artefacts: an exploratory study of designers’ viewpoints
Authors: Loup-Escande Emilie , Burkhardt Jean-Marie , Christmann Olivier , Chaniaud Noémie , Richir Simon
Published: June 2020

Designing useful emerging technologies (e.g., Virtual Reality) needs that multidisciplinary teams composed of engineers, graphic designers and ergonomists. These designers with heterogeneous and various backgrounds have to dialog together to satisfy users’ needs in the software design. This depends on their representations and viewpoints. This paper explores how the usefulness and needs construction (phases, methods, tools and stakeholders) are currently considered in design literature and by different designers’ profiles through their viewpoints. Semi-structured interviews were performed with 10 designers and collected verbal data were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. Results suggest that 1) viewpoints are often specific to a designer profile because of specialized literatures, profession and background; 2) some viewpoints are common to several designers’ profiles probably because of experiences and their former integrations in multidisciplinary projects. These findings allow us to advocate some recommendations to project leaders and to suggest a scientific perspective for future study on intra-group variability.
EPITHELIOID GRANULOMA IN PLEURA BY BIOPSY AS A DIAGNOSTIC TOOL FOR PLEURAL TUBERCULOSIS: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Schmidt Lucas Yago Souza , De Oliveira Dowglas Pereira , De Oliveira Filho Valdair Lopes , Cardoso Karitas Rocha
Published: June 2020

Tuberculosis, despite all the research and technological inputs developed in recent years, remains one of the most frequent causes of pleural effusion, especially in developing countries such as Brazil. In immunocompetent individuals, pleural tuberculosis is the most common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. The diagnosis of this form of the disease continues to be the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in pleural fluid, or in pleural biopsy samples, either by microscopy and / or culture, and the histological existence of granulomas in the pleura, a valid instrument for the determination of the disease , although the agent is not isolated. We present in this paper the report of a male patient, 76 years old, referred to the Public General Hospital of Palmas (HGPP) in december 2018, with clinic suggestive of Tuberculosis and absence of isolation of M. tuberculosis in a classical research – acid fast bacilli (AFB) and cultures. The visualization of the granulomatous reaction in the pleura, in association with the clinic, proved to be safe for establishing the diagnosis and conduct.

Keywords: tuberculosis; pleural tuberculosis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; tuberculosis diagnosis.

RESUMO

A tuberculose, apesar de todas as pesquisas e insumos tecnológicos desenvolvidos nos últimos anos, continua sendo uma das causas mais frequentes de derrame pleural, especialmente em países em desenvolvimento como o Brasil. Em indivíduos imunocompetentes, a tuberculose pleural é a forma mais comum de tuberculose extrapulmonar. O diagnóstico desta forma da doença continua sendo a detecção de Mycobacterium tuberculosis em líquido pleural, ou em amostras de biópsia pleural, seja por microscopia e / ou cultura, tendo-se demonstrado a existência histológica de granulomas na pleura, instrumento válido para determinação da doença, ainda que não isolado o agente. Apresentamos neste trabalho o relato de um paciente, masculino, 76 anos, encaminhado ao Hospital Geral Público de Palmas (HGPP) em dezembro de 2018, com clínica sugestiva de Tuberculose e ausência de isolamento de M. tuberculosis em algoritmo clássico de investigação – pesquisa de bacilo álcool- ácido resistente (BAAR) e culturas. A visualização de reação granulomatosa em pleura, em associação com a clínica, se revelou segura para estabelecimento do diagnóstico e conduta.  

Palavras-chave: tuberculose; tuberculose pleural; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; diagnóstico de tuberculose.
The Enteric Nervous System and Its Emerging Role as A Therapeutic Target
Authors: Fleming II Mark , Ehsan Lubaina , Moore Sean , Levin Daniel
Published: June 2020

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is innervated by the enteric nervous system (ENS), an extensive neuronal network that traverses along its walls. Due to local reflex circuits, the ENS is capable of functioning with and without input from the central nervous system. The functions of the ENS range from the propulsion of food to nutrient handling, blood flow regulation and immunological defense. Records of it first being studied emerged in the early 19th century when the submucosal and myenteric plexuses were discovered. This was followed by extensive research and further delineation of its development, anatomy, and function during the next two centuries. The morbidity and mortality associated with the underdevelopment, infection or inflammation of the ENS highlights its importance and the need for us to completely understand its normal function. This review will provide a general overview of the ENS to date and connect specific GI disorders such as short bowel syndrome with neuronal pathophysiology. Exciting opportunities in which the ENS could be used as a therapeutic target for common GI diseases will also be highlighted, as the further unlocking of such mechanisms could open the door to more therapy-related advances, and ultimately change our approach to GI disorders.
Global SOC, Annual NPP and CO2 Turnover Time
Authors: Blakemore Robert
Published: June 2020

This new study revised interlinked issues of global soil organic carbon (SOC), annual net primary productivity (NPP) and atmospheric CO2 turnover time (τ). Soil is confirmed as both the greatest sink and source for excess atmospheric CO2. Most terrestrial NPP (~218 Gt C/yr) is ultimately processed in topsoil and SOC stocks now total >10,000–12,000 Gt. More excess carbon is released into the air and water from SOC loss (>20 Gt C/yr) due to land clearance for pasture/crops, fires, agrichemical poisoning and erosion, than from fossil fuels (~10 Gt C/yr). NOAA’s Barrow bounce and isotopic analyses support high terrestrial flux up to ~800 Gt C/yr and CO2 turnover time of ~1–4 years. Earth’s re-humification via compost offers the best and only practical/time-critical fix for climate, strategy for species extinction plus remedy for human health.
Applications of Artificial Intelligence Technologies in COVID-19 Research: A Bibliometric Study
Authors: Hossain Md Mahbub , Sarwar Shah Akib , McKyer E. Lisako J. , Ma Ping
Published: June 2020

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted health and wellbeing globally. To strengthen preventive and clinical care amid this pandemic, technological innovations like artificial intelligence (AI) are increasingly used in different contexts. This bibliometric study aimed to assess the current scholarly development and prominent research domains in applications of AI technologies in COVID-19 research. A total of 105 articles were retrieved from MEDLINE database that emphasized on the use of AI in the context of COVID-19. Most articles had multiple authors with a collaboration index of 7.18. Moreover, most of the articles were produced from the USA (22.86%) and China (21.9%), whereas developing countries were underrepresented among the contributing nations. Furthermore, several research domains were identified, including prevention and control, diagnostics, epidemiological characteristics, therapeutics, psychological conditions, and different areas of data sciences related to COVID-19. The current bibliometric evidence shows the early stage of development in this field, which necessitates equitable applications of AI in COVID-19 research emphasizing on health disparities, socio-legal issues, vaccine development, and applied public health research in this pandemic.
The Effect of a Color Tattoo on the Local Skin Redox Regulatory Network: An N-of-1 Study
Authors: Homolak Jan
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Tattooing has been extensively discussed in the literature in the context of hygiene and infectious diseases. On the other hand, pathophysiological effects of tattoo inks in the human body are yet to be elucidated. Oxidative stress is considered to be the most important mediator of potential adverse effects of tattooing, however at the moment there is no experimental evidence for tattoo ink-related oxidative stress in the human body. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a blue tattoo on skin redox regulatory network (RRN) parameters in a single human subject. Materials and Methods: A blue tattoo on my left forearm was used in the research. Tattooed skin surface oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) experiment was done by a PH60F flat probe. Capillary blood from the tattoo and the control area was extracted and analyzed with I2/KI-stabilized microORP, nitrocellulose redox permanganometry (NRP), carbonato-cobaltate (III) formation-derived H2O2 dissociation rate assay, 1,2,3-Trihydroxybenzene autoxidation assay, thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) assay and 5,5,’-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB)-based determination of free thiol content in low molecular weight and protein precipitate fraction. Results: Surface ORP analysis revealed a greater antioxidant capacity of tattooed skin in comparison with the control (CTR). Capillary blood analysis confirmed slightly greater reductive capacity in the tattoo sample both by microORP (-4.33mV vs CTR) and NRP (+1.1%). Hydrogen peroxide dissociation rate (+11.8%), superoxide dismutase activity (+0.7%), and protein sulfhydryl content (+8.5%) were all increased, and lipid peroxidation (-15%) and low molecular weight thiols (-2.8%) were reduced in a tattoo sample in comparison with the CTR. Conclusion: In this N-of-1 study RRN of tattooed skin was shifted towards a more reductive state with most of the parameters indicating reduced levels of oxidative stress in comparison with nontattooed skin. Local antioxidant effect of copper(II) phthalocyanine provides one possible explanation of the observed effects.
RNA Interference: The Role in Antiviral Immunity and Immune Memory
Authors: Muratkhodjaev Javdat N. , Aripova Tamara U.
Published: June 2020

The role of innate immunity in neutralization of viral infections (including COVID-19) and forming long-lasting and specific immune memory is considered. It is assumed that antiviral protection is generated by the mechanism of RNA interference (RNAi) and is based on the presence of specific viral patterns in the DNA library of the host cells.
University Community-Based Survey on the Knowledge, Attitude and Perception about COVID-19 Pandemic: The Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria as a Case Study
Authors: Adenubi Olubukola Tolulope , Adebowale Oluwawemimo Oluwaseun , Oloye Abimbola Adetokunbo , Bankole Noah Olumide , Ayo-Ajayi Patience Oluwatoyin , Akinloye Adebayo Koyuum
Published: June 2020

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19), an emerging viral infection, is impacting the social, economic and political patterns of the world. To contain the spread of this pandemic, Nigeria like many countries globally, has imposed drastic preventive measures such as physical distancing and lockdown/curfew. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude and perception (KAP) about COVID-19 among members of staff of a university community in southwest, Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey using an anonymous, self-designed, online KAP questionnaire was conducted from April 18 to May 31, 2020. Purposive and chain referral sampling techniques were used to recruit respondents from the teaching and non-teaching categories of the university. The KAP questionnaire consisted of ten knowledge questions regarding the identification of clinical characteristics, transmission and prevention of COVID-19. The questions on attitude (15) and perception (10) assessed respondents on adherence to policies and their views on government efforts to contain the spread of the infection respectively. A total of 125 (teaching) and 102 (non-teaching) staff responded. The respondents had scientific (78.8 %) and non-scientific (28.2 %) work background. Approximately 59.1 % of the respondents were males. The mean knowledge and positive attitude levels were 70.8 % (SD ± 9.6 %) and 83.1 % (SD ± 13.07 %) respectively. Significant differences in the knowledge mean scores were observed for demographic categories such as educational qualification (p = 0.0006), staff work category (p = <0.0001), work background (p = <0.0001), and type of lockdown (p = 0.0271). Most of the respondents (85.3 %) opined that COVID-19 was a biological weapon and viewed the lockdown as necessary (81.5 %). However, they thought that the Nigerian government was not doing enough to mitigate COVID-19 spread. The perception of COVID-19 in the university community bear implications across public health initiatives, compliance with precautionary behaviour and bilateral relations with foreign nations.
Neuroethical Issues in Times of Health Crisis. What Roles for Neurosciences, IA, Neurotechnologies?
Authors: Tabouy Laure
Published: June 2020

How can neuroscience help everyone to live and care for our confined brains? Understanding and studying human behaviour allows us to measure the impact of such confinement on each of us and to identify those who need help. The challenges are to understand the psychological repercussions following confinement and to understand how neuroscience and neurotechnology can be very interesting tools for dealing with the health crisis. Neuroscience is changing our traditional philosophical and ethical views by providing information about the biological basis of our moral behaviour. The exception of the brain is at the heart of neuroethical thinking and discourse. Neuroethics is an interdisciplinary discipline placed at the intersection between the human sciences and the neurosciences, and aims to help understand how knowledge and research in neurosciences and neurotechnologies will affect the future of society, their impact on humans, relationships, daily life, the labour market ... but also how they can help and provide solutions and answers to the questions of citizens in a health crisis. But it's a double-edged sword, collecting and analyzing brain data in real time seems to be increasingly simple and within everyone's reach, without having the hindsight of the real meaning of these data, allowing one day to read people's thoughts, control them and manipulate them. It is becoming clear that the boundaries between medical and non-medical uses of neuroscience and neurotechnology are becoming very porous, inviting us to reflect on neuroethical issues in order to put safeguards on these uses.
Sünnî-Şiî Tefsir Geleneğinde Hz. Peygamber’in Ümmîliği Üzerine
Authors: SHAHAVATOV Sabuhi
Published: June 2020

Hz. Peygamber’in Kur’an’da “ümmî peygamber” olarak nitelendirilmesi tefsir geleneğinde farklı şekillerde tefsir edilmiş, bu çerçevede Kur’an’da diğer bağlamlarda kullanılan “ümmî” kavramı da değişik yorumlara konu olmuştur. Bu yazı söz konusu kavramın Şii tefsir edebiyatı içerisinde nasıl anlaşılmış olduğunu izlemenin yanı sıra bu geleneğin Sünni gelenekten ayrıştığı noktalara dikkatli bir şekilde işaret edebilmek için bazı değerlendirmeler yapmayı hedeflemektedir. Ümmî kavramının genel portresini çizmenin de bu bağlamda yerinde olacağı açıktır. Şia’nın “ümmî” kavramı üzerinden giriştiği tartışmalar bu kavramın etimolojik ve terminolojik çerçevede ima ettiği/ilişkili olduğu anlam alanı (semantik küme) ile doğal olarak irtibatlıdır. Ayrıca bu kavrama yüklenen anlamın Şiî literatürde nasıl bir değişim geçirdiğini ortaya koymak için sadece tefsir külliyatı ile yetinmeyip farklı alanlarda telif edilen (özellikle de kelam ve fıkıh alanında) eserlere de başvurmak gerekecektir. Aynı durum diğer teolojik ya da fıkhî mezhepler/eğilimler için de söz konusu olmakla beraber, bu yazı ilgili konuyu sadece Şia çerçevesinde betimlemeyi hedeflemektedir. Bu bağlamda bu yazı, daha kapsamlı çalışmalar için bir tür giriş/başlangıç noktası oluşturmayı amaçlamaktadır.
Cuma Hutbelerinin Ardından Okunan Nahl Sûresinin 90. Âyetine Verilen Türkçe Anlamın Tefsirlerle Uyumu Meselesi
Authors: AYDIN Zeynel Abidin
Published: June 2020

Cuma hutbelerinin ardından Kur'ân-ı Kerîm’den belli bir bölüm okuma geleneği Hz. Peygamber tarafından Kâf sûresi şeklinde başlatılmış, râşid halifeler döneminde farklı pasajlar halinde devam ettirilmiştir. Emevi halifelerinden Ömer b. Abdülaziz dönemine gelindiğinde ise Nahl sûresinin 90. âyeti okunmaya başlanmıştır. Ülkemizde bu gelenek, Nahl sûresinin 90. âyetinin hem Arapçası hem de Türkçesi’nin paylaşılması şeklinde sürdürülmektedir. Lâkin ilk dönem rivâyet ağırlıklı tefsirlerde yer alan bilgiler dikkate alındığında, ülkemizde sunulan meâlinin âyetin Arapçası ile tam uyumlu olmadığı görülmektedir. Bunda, âyet içerisindeki kelimelere dirâyet ağırlıklı tefsirlerde yüklenen anakronik anlamların etkili olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Çalışmamız, Nahl sûresinin 90. âyetinin doğru anlamının ortaya çıkarılmasına katkı sağlamak suretiyle sahih dini bilgiye sahip olunmasını ve toplumun din konusunda doğru bilgilendirilmesini hedeflemektedir. Bu açıdan âyetin gerçek anlamının tespit edilebilmesi amacıyla, en kadim olanlarından başlamak üzere tefsir külliyatı ana hatlarıyla gözden geçirilmiş ve cümle içerisindeki kelimelere nüzûl zamanı ile eş değer olan anlamlarının verilmesi gerektiği -ki Vucûhu’l-Kur'an ilmi de bunu gerektirmektedir- sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
La Psicolingüística y el aprendizaje del inglés en los adultos
Authors: FERNÁNDEZ SÁNCHEZ Eulalio
Published: June 2020

Esta contribución presenta los presupuestos epistemológicos de la metodología usada en la Universidad de Córdoba (España) para enseñar inglés como lengua extranjera a los estudiantes senior (más de 50 años) durante los últimos cuatro años. El método se basa en la evidencia científica proporcionada por los más recientes avances alcanzados en el ámbito de la psicolingüística y la teoría cognitiva del aprendizaje. Los resultados de esta experiencia revelan que este método favorece especialmente los procesos de aprendizaje del inglés como lengua extranjera mediante la reducción de la distancia social de los aprendices adultos hacia la L2 a través del acceso directo al conocimiento explícito y declarativo de la lengua destino.
Conveying Complexity in Contemporary Academic Library Service Models
Authors: Sobol Barbara
Published: June 2020

This article will provide both practical and critical insights into contemporary library service practices using the UBC Okanagan service model redesign as a case study. In 2018 the service desk at UBC Okanagan Library was redesigned into a service zone with a fundamental goal of increasing the prominence of complex library services. By improving the visibility of research support within a newly conceptualized service zone, we addressed inclusivity through design and staffing practices while facilitating campus engagement through programming. This article offers a contribution to the ongoing discussion of consolidated service models and challenges the profession to continue experimenting with service model design and delivery in order to support diverse library patrons in an increasingly neoliberal university environment.