bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solitaire Stentectomy Using a Stent-Retriever Technique in a Porcine Model
Authors: Simgen Andreas , Kettner Michael , Webelsiep Frida Juliane , Tomori Toshiki , Mühl-Benninghaus Ruben , Yilmaz Umut , Bhogal Pervinder , Laschke Matthias W. , Menger Michael D. , Reith Wolfgang , Dietrich Philipp
Published: May 2020

Purpose

Mechanical thrombectomy using the Solitaire device has become a standard treatment of ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusions. Inadvertent detachment is a feared complication, which is associated with poor clinical outcome. The aim of this experimental study was to assess in a porcine model the feasibility and effectiveness of rescuing detached Solitaire devices using different stent retrievers.

Methods

Solitaire FR devices (4 × 15/20 mm and 6 × 20/30 mm) were placed in the axillary artery of pigs. By means of 3 different stent retrievers (Trevo ProVue; EmboTrap II revascularization device; 3D revascularization device) a total of 24 rescue maneuvers (8 per retriever) were performed by deploying the retrievers within the deployed Solitaire devices and trapping parts of the Solitaire within the microcatheter. Rescue rates, rescue time and complications were assessed.

Results

Overall stentectomy of the Solitaire devices was successful in all cases (100%). Time of rescue was comparable using the applied stent retrievers (Trevo ProVue; EmboTrap II revascularization device; 3D revascularization device). Complications, such as entrapment of the Solitaire-retriever complex at the intermediate catheter, Solitaire migration, vasospasm, perforation, or dissection were not observed.

Conclusion

Stentectomy of inadvertently detached Solitaire devices using different stent retrievers is a feasible and effective method. Rescue rates and times with the Trevo ProVue, EmboTrap II and 3D revascularization device were comparable.
Management von Patienten mit MELAS-Syndrom
Authors: Roth Sebastian , Nienhaus Johannes , Nickel Frank , Kindgen-Milles Detlef , Kienbaum Peter , Huhn Ragnar
Published: May 2020

Hintergrund

Das MELAS-Syndrom ist gekennzeichnet durch Laktatazidose und schlaganfallartige Episoden. Es handelt sich um eine seltene, progredient verlaufende Erkrankung mit akuten neurologischen Episoden, die durch eine Mitochondriopathie ausgelöst wird. Durch einen Defekt der oxidativen Phosphorylierung in der Atmungskette kann es insbesondere in Stresssituationen zu einer inadäquaten Energiebereitstellung mit einer konsekutiven Laktatazidose kommen. Aufgrund der hohen Gefahr metabolischer Entgleisungen ist das MELAS-Syndrom im Hinblick auf das perioperative, anästhesiologische Management eine große Herausforderung.

Ziel der Arbeit

Ziel dieser Arbeit soll es sein, einerseits einen allgemeinen Überblick über die Besonderheiten des anästhesiologischen Managements bei Patienten mit MELAS-Syndrom zu geben. Andererseits soll anhand eines Fallberichts dargestellt werden, wie eine intraoperative parenterale Ernährung möglicherweise dazu beitragen kann, der Entstehung einer Laktatazidose entgegenzuwirken.

Material und Methoden

Für diese Arbeit wurde eine systematische Literaturrecherche durchgeführt. Da nur wenige Daten zum MELAS-Syndrom vorliegen, wurde zur Veranschaulichung außerdem ein Fallbericht in diese Übersichtsarbeit integriert.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion

Zusammenfassend kann gesagt werden, dass Patienten mit einem MELAS-Syndrom bezüglich des anästhesiologischen Managements eine Herausforderung darstellen und ein engmaschiges Monitoring der Stoffwechsellage unabdingbar ist. Im Falle einer drohenden Laktatazidose könnte eine intraoperative parenterale Ernährung möglicherweise ein neuer Therapieansatz sein, um die perioperative Versorgung dieser Patientengruppe in Zukunft zu verbessern.
Local Wnt3a treatment restores bone regeneration in large osseous defects after surgical debridement of osteomyelitis
Authors: Wagner Johannes Maximilian , Reinkemeier Felix , Dadras Mehran , Wallner Christoph , Huber Julika , Sogorski Alexander , Sacher Maxi , Schmidt Sonja , Drysch Marius , Dittfeld Stephanie , Becerikli Mustafa , Becker Kathrin , Rauch Nicole , Lehnhardt Marcus , Behr Björn
Published: May 2020

Impaired bone homeostasis caused by osteomyelitis provokes serious variations in the bone remodeling process, thereby involving multiple inflammatory cytokines to activate bone healing. We have previously established a mouse model for post-traumatic osteomyelitis and studied bone regeneration after sufficient debridement. Moreover, we could further characterize the postinfectious inflammatory state of bony defects after debridement with elevated osteoclasts and decreased bone formation despite the absence of bacteria. In this study, we investigated the positive effects of Wnt-pathway modulation on bone regeneration in our previous established mouse model. This was achieved by local application of Wnt3a, a recombinant activator of the canonical Wnt-pathway. Application of Wnt3a could enhance new bone formation, which was verified by histological and μ-CT analysis. Moreover, histology and western blots revealed enhanced osteoblastogenesis and downregulated osteoclasts in a RANKL-dependent manner. Further analysis of Wnt-pathway showed downregulation after bone infections were reconstituted by application of Wnt3a. Interestingly, Wnt-inhibitory proteins Dickkopf 1 (DKK1), sclerostin, and secreted frizzled protein 1 (sFRP1) were upregulated simultaneously to Wnt-pathway activation, indicating a negative feedback for active form of Beta-catenin. In this study, we could demonstrate enhanced bone formation in defects caused by post-traumatic osteomyelitis after Wnt3a application.

Key messages

Osteomyelitis decreases bone regeneration

Wnt3a restores bone healing after infection

Canonical Wnt-pathway activation with negative feedback
Effects of finish turning on an austenitic weld investigated using diffraction methods
Authors: Kornmeier J. Rebelo , Hofmann M. , Gan W. M. , Robin V. , Valiorgue F. , Pascal H. , Gibmeier J. , Saroun J.
Published: May 2020

Arc welding generally introduces undesired local residual stress states on engineering components hindering high-quality performance in service. Common procedures to reduce the tensile residual stresses are post-heat treatments or mechanical surface treatments like hammering or shot-peening. Assessments of residual stress profiles of post-weld treatments underneath the weld surface are essential, especially in high safety exigency systems like pressure vessels or piping at power plants. In this study, neutron diffraction is used to determine the stress profile after finish milling of an austenitic steel weld in order to verify a chained finite element simulation predicting the final residual stress fields including milling and welding contributions. Non-destructive measurements with spatial resolutions of less than 0.2 mm within the first 1 mm from the surface were mandatory to confirm the finite element simulations of the coarse-grained austenitic material. In the data analysis procedure, the obtained near-surface data have been corrected for spurious strain effects whenever the gauge volume was partially immersed in the sample. Moreover, constraining the surface data to values obtained by x-ray diffraction and data deconvolution within the gauge volume enabled access of the steep residual stress profile within the first 1 mm.
Production and secretion dynamics of prokaryotic Penicillin G acylase in Pichia pastoris
Authors: Borčinová Martina , Raschmanová Hana , Zamora Iwo , Looser Verena , Marešová Helena , Hirsch Sven , Kyslík Pavel , Kovar Karin
Published: May 2020

To take full advantage of recombinant Pichia pastoris (Komagataella phaffii) as a production system for heterologous proteins, the complex protein secretory process should be understood and optimised by circumventing bottlenecks. Typically, little or no attention has been paid to the fate of newly synthesised protein inside the cell, or its passage through the secretory pathway, and only the secreted product is measured. However, the system’s productivity (i.e. specific production rate qp), includes productivity of secreted (qp,extra) plus intracellularly accumulated (qp,intra) protein. In bioreactor cultivations with P. pastoris producing penicillin G acylase, we studied the dynamics of product formation, i.e. both the specific product secretion (qp,extra) and product retention (qp,intra) as functions of time, as well as the kinetics, i.e. productivity in relation to specific growth rate (μ). Within the time course, we distinguished (I) an initial phase with constant productivities, where the majority of product accumulated inside the cells, and qp,extra, which depended on μ in a bell-shaped manner; (II) a transition phase, in which intracellular product accumulation reached a maximum and productivities (intracellular, extracellular, overall) were changing; (III) a new phase with constant productivities, where secretion prevailed over intracellular accumulation, qp,extra was linearly related to μ and was up to three times higher than in initial phase (I), while qp,intra decreased 4–6-fold. We show that stress caused by heterologous protein production induces cellular imbalance leading to a secretory bottleneck that ultimately reaches equilibrium. This understanding may help to develop cultivation strategies for improving protein secretion from P. pastoris.Key Points• A novel concept for industrial bioprocess development.• A Relationship between biomass growth and product formation in P. pastoris.• A Three (3) phases of protein production/secretion controlled by the AOX1-promoter.• A Proof of concept in production of industrially relevant penicillin G acylase.
Whole almond consumption is associated with better diet quality and cardiovascular disease risk factors in the UK adult population: National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) 2008–2017
Authors: Dikariyanto Vita , Berry Sarah E. , Francis Lucy , Smith Leanne , Hall Wendy L.
Published: May 2020

Purpose

 This work aimed to estimate whole almond consumption in a nationally representative UK survey population and examine associations with diet quality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.

Methods

 Four-day food record data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) 2008–2017 (n = 6802, age ≥ 19 year) were analyzed to investigate associations between whole almond consumption and diet quality, measured by the modified Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) and modified Healthy Diet Score (HDS), and CVD risk markers, using survey-adjusted multivariable linear regression.

Results

 Whole almond consumption was reported in 7.6% of the population. Median intake in whole almond consumers was 5.0 g/day (IQR 9.3). Consumers had higher diet quality scores relative to non-consumers; higher intakes of protein, total fat, monounsaturated, n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fats, fiber, folate, vitamin C, vitamin E, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, and iron; and lower intakes of trans-fatty acids, total carbohydrate, sugar, and sodium. BMI and WC were lower in whole almond consumers compared to non-consumers: 25.5 kg/m2 (95% CI 24.9, 26.2) vs 26.3 kg/m2 (25.9, 26.7), and 88.0 cm (86.2, 89.8) vs 90.1 cm (89.1, 91.2), respectively. However, there were no dose-related fully adjusted significant associations between increasing almond intake (g per 1000 kcal energy intake) and lower CVD risk markers.

Conclusions

 Almond intake is low in the UK population, but consumption was associated with better dietary quality and lower CVD risk factors. Habitual consumption of whole almonds should be encouraged as part of a healthy diet.
Calcium physiology of sweet cherry fruits
Authors: Winkler Andreas , Fiedler Bennet , Knoche Moritz
Published: May 2020

Key message

Xylem functionality is the primary determinant of the Ca relations of developing sweet cherry. Calcium influx is positively related to transpiration and decreases as xylem functionality is progressively lost during development.

Fruit calcium (Ca) may be associated with susceptibility to rain cracking in sweet cherry but little background information is available on the fruits’ Ca relations. The objectives of the study were to identify the key determinants of the Ca content in developing sweet cherry fruit. The masses of Ca and K in the flesh (mg per fruit) increased continuously through to maturity. However, their dry mass ratios [mg per g dry mass (DM)] decreased continuously. The decrease in Ca/dry mass ratio was to about 30% of the transition stage II/III value, and for K to about 55%. These decreases occurred in all cultivars investigated. Moreover, the Ca mass per fruit and the Ca/dry mass ratio were normally distributed and wide ranging; the maximum recorded values were about twice the minimum ones. Within a fruit, the Ca/dry mass ratio was two to three times higher in the stem end than in the stylar scar end. Fruit held under low relative humidity (26.2%) contained more Ca per fruit and had a higher Ca/dry mass ratio compared with fruit held under high humidity (91.6%). There was a positive relationship between Ca mass per fruit and cumulative transpiration. Our results indicate xylem functionality is the primary determinant of the Ca relations of sweet cherry fruit.
Stellungnahme der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie (ÖGP)
Authors: Flick H. , Arns B. M. , Bolitschek J. , Bucher B. , Cima K. , Gingrich E. , Handzhiev S. , Hochmair M. , Horak F. , Idzko M. , Jaksch P. , Kovacs G. , Kropfmüller R. , Lamprecht B. , Löffler-Ragg J. , Meilinger M. , Olschewski H. , Pfleger A. , Puchner B. , Puelacher C. , Prior C. , Rodriguez P. , Salzer H. , Schenk P. , Schindler O. , Stelzmüller I. , Strenger V. , Täubl H. , Urban M. , Wagner M. , Wimberger F. , Zacharasiewicz A. , Zwick R. H. , Eber E.
Published: May 2020

Die COVID-19-Pandemie stellt derzeit weltweit eine Herausforderung dar. In Österreich konnte eine Krise innerhalb des medizinischen Versorgungssystems bisher verhindert werden. Die Behandlung von Patienten mit ambulant erworbener Pneumonie („community acquired pneumonia“, CAP), inklusive durch SARS-CoV-2-Infektionen, sollte sich auch während der Pandemie weiterhin an evidenzbasierten CAP-Leitlinien orientieren. COVID-19-spezifische Anpassungen sind jedoch sinnvoll. Die Behandlung von Patienten mit chronischen Lungenerkrankungen muss während der Pandemie angepasst werden, ist aber weiterhin zu gewährleisten.
A recurrent neural network for urban long-term traffic flow forecasting
Authors: Belhadi Asma , Djenouri Youcef , Djenouri Djamel , Lin Jerry Chun-Wei
Published: May 2020

This paper investigates the use of recurrent neural network to predict urban long-term traffic flows. A representation of the long-term flows with related weather and contextual information is first introduced. A recurrent neural network approach, named RNN-LF, is then proposed to predict the long-term of flows from multiple data sources. Moreover, a parallel implementation on GPU of the proposed solution is developed (GRNN-LF), which allows to boost the performance of RNN-LF. Several experiments have been carried out on real traffic flow including a small city (Odense, Denmark) and a very big city (Beijing). The results reveal that the sequential version (RNN-LF) is capable of dealing effectively with traffic of small cities. They also confirm the scalability of GRNN-LF compared to the most competitive GPU-based software tools when dealing with big traffic flow such as Beijing urban data.
Reachability and Safety Objectives in Markov Decision Processes on Long but Finite Horizons
Authors: Ashkenazi-Golan Galit , Flesch János , Predtetchinski Arkadi , Solan Eilon
Published: May 2020

We consider discrete-time Markov decision processes in which the decision maker is interested in long but finite horizons. First we consider reachability objective: the decision maker’s goal is to reach a specific target state with the highest possible probability. A strategy is said to overtake another strategy, if it gives a strictly higher probability of reaching the target state on all sufficiently large but finite horizons. We prove that there exists a pure stationary strategy that is not overtaken by any pure strategy nor by any stationary strategy, under some condition on the transition structure and respectively under genericity. A strategy that is not overtaken by any other strategy, called an overtaking optimal strategy, does not always exist. We provide sufficient conditions for its existence. Next we consider safety objective: the decision maker’s goal is to avoid a specific state with the highest possible probability. We argue that the results proven for reachability objective extend to this model.
PyDSC: a simple tool to treat differential scanning calorimetry data
Authors: Cisse Aline , Peters Judith , Lazzara Giuseppe , Chiappisi Leonardo
Published: May 2020

Herein, we describe an open-source, Python-based, script to treat the output of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments, called pyDSC, available free of charge for download at https://github.com/leonardo-chiappisi/pyDSC under a GNU General Public License v3.0. The main aim of this program is to provide the community with a simple program to analyze raw DSC data. Key features include the correction from spurious signals, and, most importantly, the baseline is computed with a robust, physically consistent approach. We also show that the baseline correction routine implemented in the script is significantly more reproducible than different standard ones proposed by proprietary instrument control software provided with the microcalorimeter used in this work. Finally, the program can be easily applied to large amount of data, improving the reliability and reproducibility of DSC experiments.
From physical spaces to learning environments: processes in which physical spaces are transformed into learning environments
Authors: Kokko Anna Kristiina , Hirsto Laura
Published: May 2020

The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of the change from physical spaces to learning environments by examining how, and through which processes, learning spaces are transformed, produced and developed. For this purpose, we used a comparative ethnography approach and collected observation material from two Finnish schools at different development phases. The material was supplemented by focus-group interviews with teachers and individual interviews with principals. The results suggest that no ready-made models exist which fit into a new context. Rather, practices are constructed in physical spaces through active negotiations and meaning- making in three cyclic interaction processes (i.e., interaction between teachers, interaction between students and teachers, and interaction between students). Hence, through cyclic processes with strong support from teachers, students managed to find tools to build learning environments suited to their needs, which further enabled the expansion of learning environments inside and outside school walls. Nevertheless, changes in practices required an overall change in every aspect of the school. Focusing on the processes of change, results provide information from a systemic perspective on how schools can manage continuous change when developing physical spaces into learning environments.
The Scarring Effect of the 2008 Economic Crisis: Growth and Growth Decline in Austria’s Nonprofit Social Services Sector
Authors: Pennerstorfer Astrid , Reitzinger Stephanie , Schneider Ulrike
Published: May 2020

Since the 2008 economic crisis, social service providers worldwide have reported funding cuts, while the need for some social services has been increasing. This paper examines the combined and longer-term effects of such divergent developments on the nonprofit social services sector. The empirical analysis uses Austrian administrative data on six subfields of the sector covering the years 2003–2017. We investigate significant changes in the trends of four growth indicators applying interrupted time series analysis. We find that the 2008 economic crisis is associated with persistently lower growth rates in Austria’s nonprofit social services sector. The magnitude of this dampening effect differs across subsectors. Additionally, our findings suggest an increase in market concentration. Hence, the study discloses a long-term scarring effect of the economic crisis on Austria’s social services sector, raising doubts on the sector’s future resilience.
The effect of in-lab polysomnography and home sleep polygraphy on sleep position
Authors: Kukwa Wojciech , Migacz Ewa , Lis Tomasz , Ishman Stacey L.
Published: May 2020

Purpose

Little is known regarding the influence of in-laboratory polysomnography (PSG) equipment on sleep position, especially on the prevalence of supine positioning, which in many cases may lead to a more severe sleep apnea diagnosis. The aim of this study was to assess the percentage of supine sleep during an in-laboratory PSG compared to that seen during a home sleep apnea test (HSAT).

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study comparing in-laboratory PSG and HSAT using a peripheral arterial tone (PAT) technology device.

Results

Of 445 PSG and 416 HSAT studies analyzed, there was no significant difference in the proportion of supine sleep time between PSG (44%) and HSAT (45%, p = 0.53). Analysis of the differences in sleep position (supine versus non-supine), analyzed by sex, BMI (≥ 30 kg/m2 versus < 30 kg/m2), and age (≥ 60 years versus < 60 years), was significant only for women, who had more supine sleep during HSAT at 61 ± 24% than during PSG at 45 ± 26% (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Overall there was no difference in the percentage of supine sleep when comparing in-laboratory PSG to HSAT. However, women had more supine sleep with HSAT than with PSG.
Do Worry and Brooding Predict Health Behaviors? A Daily Diary Investigation
Authors: Clancy F. , O’Connor D. B. , Prestwich A.
Published: May 2020

Background

Meta-analyses have reported associations between perseverative cognition (both worry and brooding) and increased engagement in health-risk behaviors, poorer sleep, and poorer physiological health outcomes.

Method

Using a daily diary design, this study investigated the within- and between-person relationships between state and trait perseverative cognition and health behaviors (eating behavior, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and sleep) both cross-sectionally and prospectively. Participants (n = 273, 93% students, Mage = 20.2, SD = 4.11, 93% female) completed morning and evening diaries across 7 consecutive days.

Results

Multilevel modeling analyses revealed that, cross-sectionally, higher levels of state worry were associated with more time spent sitting and higher levels of state brooding predicted less daily walking.

Conclusion

Worry and brooding may represent useful intervention targets for improving inactivity and walking levels, respectively.
Biophysical nanocharacterization of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells through atomic force microscopy
Authors: Zapotoczny Bartlomiej , Braet Filip , Wisse Eddie , Lekka Malgorzata , Szymonski Marek
Published: May 2020

The structural-functional hallmark of the liver sinusoidal endothelium is the presence of fenestrae grouped in sieve plates. Fenestrae are open membrane bound pores supported by a (sub)membranous cytoskeletal lattice. Changes in number and diameter of fenestrae alter bidirectional transport between the sinusoidal blood and the hepatocytes. Their physiological relevance has been shown in different liver disease models. Although the structural organization of fenestrae has been well documented using different electron microscopy approaches, the dynamic nature of those pores remained an enigma until the recent developments in the research field of four dimensional (4-D) AFM. In this contribution we highlight how AFM as a biophysical nanocharacterization tool enhanced our understanding in the dynamic behaviour of liver sinusoidal endothelial fenestrae. Different AFM probing approaches, including spectroscopy, enabled mapping of topography and nanomechanical properties at unprecedented resolution under live cell imaging conditions. This dynamic biophysical characterization approach provided us with novel information on the ‘short’ life-span, formation, disappearance and closure of hepatic fenestrae. These observations are briefly reviewed against the existing literature.
The effect of environmental drivers on summer spatial variability of water temperature in Polish lowland watercourses
Authors: Łaszewski Maksym Andrzej
Published: May 2020

Thermal properties of streams and rivers, due to significant impact on biota and other physico-chemical water properties, were broadly recognized in hydrological literature last years. Nevertheless, water temperature of temperate lowland watercourses has received relatively small attention, despite the development of new measurement devices and techniques. Thus, the current study attempt to document spatial water temperature variability of lowland watercourses and examined the effects of environmental drivers on their thermal heterogeneity. For this purpose, water temperature was monitored from May to October 2017 with the use of digital data loggers in 20 sites located in central Poland, representing two spatial scales—main rivers (MR) and tributaries (TR). On the basis of the measurement data, statistical distribution of magnitude and variability water temperature parameters was presented, whereas cluster analysis (Ward method) was used to group sites similar in their thermal properties. Furthermore, selected catchment and channel metrics were computed using GIS software for each site, which in combine with the principal component analysis allowed to assess the effect of such metrics on thermal parameters. Then, to support the findings of PCA and assess meteorological dependence of the water temperature, linear regression between daily mean water and air temperatures was performed. The results indicate that in terms of magnitude and variability parameters TR scale sites demonstrated clear thermal heterogeneity, particularly in comparison to MR sites, characterized by similar thermal properties even between separate, independent catchments; in such sites the highest thermal contrast were related to anthropogenic impacts, such as reservoir releases and sewage inflows. Clear longitudinal zonation of water temperature parameters was found as presented by first two principal components, which was related to transition from small headwater sites to the largest, downstream catchments, driven mainly by changes of catchment area, mean slope, and width:depth ratio. The increase of the catchment area also resulted in a shift in linear regression parameters, which suggested higher meteorological control in the downstream direction and simultaneously, lower impacts of groundwater inflows. The obtained results provide new insight into lowland watercourses temperature behavior, being of primary significance in the context of fisheries and environmental management, particularly in the face of climate warming and increasing anthropopressure.
Highly selective and stable Zn–Fe/ZSM-5 catalyst for aromatization of propane
Authors: Oseke Gbenga Godwin , Atta Abdulazeez Yusuf , Mukhtar Bello , Jibril Baba Yakubu , Aderemi Benjamin Olorunfemi
Published: May 2020

Light alkane aromatization for aromatic compound production, used in petrochemical industries is an attractive area of research. The effect of second metal co-impregnation was investigated in stabilizing zinc on ZSM-5 in aromatization of propane. HZSM-5 was modified with zinc and iron metal by co wet-impregnation and characterized using XRF, XRD, BET, N2-adsorption, FTIR, FTIR-Pyridine, SEM, TEM, H2-TPR and XPS. The effect of different loadings of Iron on Zn/ZSM-5 was investigated on acidity, aromatic yield, product distribution and aromatization performance. Performance test was conducted in a fixed bed reactor at 540 °C, one atmosphere. GHSV of 1200 mL/g-h. Co-impregnation of Zn with Fe improved the catalytic activity and aromatic yield for 10 h time on stream as compared to parent HZSM-5 and Zn/ZSM-5 of very low aromatic yield and propane conversion. Impregnation of Zn as the dehydrogenating metal on HZSM-5 steadily increased aromatic yield from 5% on HZSM-5 to 25% and was steadily dropped to 20% after 10 h TOS. The co-impregnation of iron of 1–3 wt% loading as the second metal for zinc stability with 2 wt% Zn on ZSM-5 improved propane conversion and aromatic yield to 55% for the 10 h TOS. This further enhanced aromatic product distribution and minimized light gases.
Geofencing requirements for onboard safe operation monitoring
Authors: Torens Christoph , Nikodem Florian , Dauer Johann C. , Schirmer Sebastian , Dittrich Jörg S.
Published: May 2020

The new concept for operation of drones, published by EASA in 2015, enables new ways to influence and possibly reduce the necessary safety targets of certain system components without reducing the overall safety of the unmanned aircraft system (UAS). Based on the safety assessment, the specific category enables new aircraft system architectures and mission designs. In this context, this paper analyzes runtime monitoring as a strategy to contain the UAS in its operational volume. To assure predefined properties in flight and thus assure the safety of the operation in progress with a high robustness, a formal methodology for safe operation monitoring is utilized. With this approach, this work targets to link the concept of safe operation monitoring with the upcoming regulations regarding the specific category and the specific operation risk assessment (SORA). One particular aspect of this safe operation monitoring is geofencing, the capability to contain a UAS in a previously restricted area. In the regulatory framework of a specific operation, risk assessment is required and so is the containment of the UAS in its operational volume. The functional and safety requirements for geofencing regarding their impact on the underlying specific operation risk assessment are discussed. To facilitate this discussion, a taxonomy of geofencing characteristics is derived based on a literature survey. Consequently, the geofencing requirements are assessed regarding their robustness and applicability for certification purposes. As a result, by monitoring the integrity of the system at runtime using geofencing as an example, it is investigated if the requirements and thus costs of development and certification process for the remaining components can be reduced.
Reviewing the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) to Enhance Societal Readiness for El Niño’s Impacts
Authors: Glantz Michael H. , Ramirez Ivan J.
Published: May 2020

NOAA’s Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) is used to record for historical purposes the occurrence and duration of El Niño episodes, based on the monitoring of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the central Pacific Ocean. The ONI is used to identify the onset of an above average SST threshold that persists for several months, encompassing both the beginning and end of an El Niño episode. The first appearance of an anomalous seasonal value of 0.5 °C suggests with a high probability that an El Niño could emerge, but for heightened warnings, one must wait for several months. In this article, we proposed that the ONI value of 0.7 °C identifies a tipping point at which the El Niño event becomes locked in, which can provide additional lead time for mitigative actions to be taken by societal decision makers. Our preliminary findings suggest that a first appearance of 0.7 °C value could serve as a credible marker of El Niño’s locked-in phase, which can provide additional credibility to the current 0.5 °C El Niño onset indicator for at-risk societies to get ready for El Niño’s foreseeable societal and ecological impacts.
Strong consistency of local linear estimation of a conditional density function under random censorship
Authors: Benkhaled Abdelkader , Madani Fethi , Khardani Salah
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we study nonparametric local linear estimation of the conditional density of a randomly censored scalar response variable given a functional random covariate. We establish under general conditions the pointwise almost sure convergence with rates of this estimator under$$\alpha $$α-mixing dependence. Finally, to show interests of our results, on the practical point of view, we have conducted a computational study, first on a simulated data and, then on some real data concerning Kidney transplant data.
Potential of Large-Scale Inland Water Body Mapping from Sentinel-1/2 Data on the Example of Bavaria’s Lakes and Rivers
Authors: Schmitt Michael
Published: May 2020

The mapping of water bodies is an important application area of satellite-based remote sensing. In this contribution, a simple framework based on supervised learning and automatic training data annotation is shown, which allows to map inland water bodies from Sentinel satellite data on large scale, i.e. on state level. Using the German state of Bavaria as an example and different combinations of Sentinel-1 SAR and Sentinel-2 multi-spectral imagery as inputs, potentials and limits for the automatic detection of water surfaces for rivers, lakes, and reservoirs are investigated. Both quantitative and qualitative results confirm that fully automatic large-scale inland water body mapping is generally possible from Sentinel data; whereas, the best result is achieved when all available surface-related bands of both Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 are fused on a pixel level. The main limitation arises from missed smaller water bodies, which are not observed in bands with a resolution of about 20 m. Given the simplicity of the proposed approach and the open availability of the Sentinel data, the study confirms the potential for a fully automatic large-scale mapping of inland water with cloud-based remote sensing techniques.
Clustering Algorithm of Density Difference Optimized by Mixed Teaching and Learning
Authors: Chen Hailong , Ge Miaomiao , Xue Yutong
Published: May 2020

Density peak clustering (DPC) algorithm is to find clustering centers by calculating the local density and distance of data points based on the distance between data points and the cutoff distance (dc) set manually. Generally, the attribute calculation between data points is simply obtained by Euclidean distance. However, when the density distribution of data points in data sets is uneven, there are high-density and low-density points, and the dc value is set artificially and randomly, this will seriously affect the clustering results of DPC algorithm. For this reason, a clustering algorithm which combines teaching and learning optimization algorithm and density gap is proposed (NSTLBO-DGDPC). First, in order to consider the influence of data point attributes and neighborhoods, the density difference distance is introduced to replace the Euclidean distance of the original algorithm. Secondly, because manual selection of clustering centers may produce incorrect clustering results, the standard deviation of high-density distance is used to determine the clustering centers of clustering algorithm. Finally, using the teaching and learning optimization algorithm (TLBO) to find the optimal value, in order to avoid the algorithm falling into local optimum. When the population density reaches a certain threshold, the niche selection strategy is introduced to discharge the similarity value, and then the nonlinear decreasing strategy is used to update the students in the teaching stage and the learning stage to obtain the optimal dc solution. In this paper, the accuracy and convergence of the improved TLBO algorithm (NSTLBO) are verified by ten benchmark functions. Simulation experiments show that the NSTLBO algorithm has better performance. Clustering algorithm integrating teaching and learning optimization algorithm and density gap proposed in this paper are validated by using eight synthetic data sets and eight real data sets. The simulation results show that the algorithm has better clustering quality and effect.
IV. Reflections on the Genocide in Bosnia-Herzegovina and the Bosnians Who Resisted It
Authors: Sells Michael
Published: May 2020

I am thankful to be invited to share some reflections on the genocide in Bosnia-Herzegovina and on the actions of scholars in Bosnia-Herzegovina and around the world in resisting genocide and in promoting peace, justice, and respect for human dignity in the face of such a tragedy.
Mass-balance observation, reconstruction and sensitivity of Stok glacier, Ladakh region, India, between 1978 and 2019
Authors: Soheb Mohd , Ramanathan Alagappan , Angchuk Thupstan , Mandal Arindan , Kumar Naveen , Lotus Sonam
Published: May 2020

We present the first-ever mass-balance (MB) observation (2014–19), reconstruction (between 1978 and 2019) and sensitivity of debris-free Stok glacier (33.98°N, 77.45°E), Ladakh Region, India. In-situ MB was negative throughout the study period except in 2018/19 when the glacier witnessed a balanced condition. For MB modelling, three periods were considered based on the available data. Period I (1978–87, 1988/89) witnessed a near balance condition (−0.03 ± 0.35 m w.e. a−1) with five positive MB years. Whereas Period II (1998–2002, 2003–09) and III (2011–19) experienced high (−0.9 ± 0.35 m w.e. a−1) and moderate (−0.46 ± 0.35 m w.e. a−1) negative MBs, respectively. Glacier area for these periods was derived from the Corona, Landsat and PlanetScope imageries using a semi-automatic approach. The in-situ and modelled MBs were in good agreement with RMSE of 0.23 m w.e. a−1,R2= 0.92,P< 0.05. The average mass loss was moderate (−0.47 ± 0.35 m w.e. a−1) over 28 hydrological years between 1978 and 2019. Sensitivity analysis showed that the glacier was more sensitive to summer temperature (−0.32 m w.e. a−1°C−1) and winter precipitation (0.12 m w.e. a−1for ± 10%). It was estimated that ~27% increase in precipitation is required on Stok glacier to compensate for the mass loss due to 1°C rise in temperature.
Mainstream Russian Nationalism and the “State-Civilization” Identity: Perspectives from Below
Authors: Blackburn Matthew
Published: May 2020

Based on more than 100 interviews in European Russia, this article sheds light on the bottom-up dynamics of Russian nationalism. After offering a characterization of the post-2012 “state-civilization” discourse from above, I examine how ordinary people imagine Russia as a “state-civilization.” Interview narratives of inclusion into the nation are found to overlap with state discourse on three main lines: (1) ethno-nationalism is rejected, and Russia is imagined to be a unique, harmonious multi-ethnic space in which the Russians (russkie) lead without repressing the others; (2) Russia’s multinationalism is remembered in myths of peaceful interactions between Russians (russkie) and indigenous ethnic groups (korennyye narodi) across the imperial and Soviet past; (3) Russian culture and language are perceived as the glue that holds together a unified category of nationhood. Interview narratives on exclusion deviate from state discourse in two key areas: attitudes to the North Caucasus reveal the geopolitical-security, post-imperial aspect of the “state-civilization” identity, while stances toward non-Slavic migrants in city spaces reveal a degree of “cultural nationalism” that, while sharing characteristics with those of Western Europe, is also based on Soviet-framed notions of normality. Overall, the article contributes to debates on how Soviet legacies and Russia’s post-imperial consciousness play out in the context of the “pro-Putin consensus.”
How the Cycladic Islanders Found Their Marbles: Material Engagement, Social Cognition and the Emergence of Keros
Authors: Aston Alexander
Published: May 2020

This paper utilizes Material Engagement Theory (MET), which examines material culture as a dynamic and integral component of human cognitive systems, in order to explore the relationship between Cycladic marble sculpting and the complex social organization evinced at the sites of Dhaskalio and Kavos on the island of Keros. The article shows how the development of Cycladic sculpting in conjunction with transforming settlement patterns suggests that the figurines emerged as part of a kinshipping dynamic. In this context, evidence from the cognitive sciences reveals how Cycladic figurines were profound attention-capturing technologies which shaped the development of intersubjectivity and collective activity. Cycladic marble provided a medium through which a semiotics of value could be generated, circulated and manipulated across the archipelago. The article argues that marble artefacts formed part of a distributed cognitive system which enabled the regional organization of long-range voyaging regimes centred on Dhaskalio-Kavos. The role of Cycladic sculpture in mediating maritime social interactions is clarified by examining the dynamics of social cognition and the organizational burdens of long-range voyaging culture. The relationship between marble, social interaction and longboat voyaging provides a strong explanation for the development and transformation of Keros as well as for broader chronological developments in the region. Cycladic sculpting traditions mediated the shifting burdens upon social cognition during the Early Bronze Age, facilitating the novel forms of social organization in the central Cyclades as a response to both the pressures and the opportunities of the Aegean world. Keros provides an exemplary case study of material culture's role in extending the boundaries of social cognition in ways that enable social complexity to emerge at new scales.
Graph limits of random unlabelled k-trees
Authors: Jin Emma Yu , Stufler Benedikt
Published: May 2020

We study random unlabelled k-trees by combining the colouring approach by Gainer-Dewar and Gessel (2014) with the cycle-pointing method by Bodirsky, Fusy, Kang and Vigerske (2011). Our main applications are Gromov–Hausdorff–Prokhorov and Benjamini–Schramm limits that describe their asymptotic geometric shape on a global and local scale as the number of (k + 1)-cliques tends to infinity.
Individual differences in processes of lifestyle changes among people with obesity: an acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) intervention in a primary health care setting
Authors: Kasila Kirsti , Vainio Suvi , Punna Mari , Lappalainen Päivi , Lappalainen Raimo , Kaipainen Kirsikka , Kettunen Tarja
Published: May 2020

Aim:

To explore what thoughts, feelings, and learning processes were involved in obese participants’ lifestyle change during an acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) lifestyle intervention delivered in primary health care.

Background:

Previous studies have revealed that lifestyle interventions are effective at promoting initial weight loss, but reduced weight is often difficult to sustain because of the failure to maintain healthy lifestyle changes. Achieving and maintaining lifestyle changes requires to learn self-regulation skills. ACT-based lifestyle interventions combine many self-regulatory skill factors, and the results from previous studies are promising. Research on the individual learning processes of lifestyle change is still needed.

Methods:

This study investigated a subset of data from a larger web-based lifestyle intervention. This subset consisted of online logbooks written by 17 obese participants (n= 17, body mass index mean 41.26 kg/m2) during the six-week online module. The logbooks were analyzed via data-driven content analysis.

Findings:

Four groups were identified based on the participants being at different phases in their lifestyle changes: stuck with barriers, slowly forward, reflective and hardworking, and convincingly forward with the help of concrete goals. Differences between the groups were manifested in personal barriers, goal setting, training of mindfulness and acceptance, and achieving healthy actions. The ACT-based lifestyle intervention offered participants an opportunity to reflect on how their thoughts and feelings may hinder healthy lifestyle changes and provided tools for learning psychological flexibility.
The Ties that Bind: Assessing the Effects of Political and Racial Church Homogeneity on Asian American Political Participation
Authors: Chan Nathan K. , Phoenix Davin L.
Published: May 2020

Research consistently emphasizes the importance of religious institutions for influencing political action among Asian Americans. The social capital literature offers two theoretical explanations for why churches increase political activity: bridging capital between different groups and bonding capital among similar groups. The latter argues that individuals who attend racially homogeneous churches are more participatory. This paper expands on these accounts by examining another aspect of bonding. That is, how does similarity in political views among church members affect Asian Americans' political participation? Results from the 2016 Collaborative Multi-Racial Post-Election Survey show that Asian Americans who attend politically homogeneous churches are more likely to vote and participate in conventional activities. The effects of racial homogeneity are limited once taking political homogeneity into consideration. These findings provide evidence that political homophily within religious organizations may facilitate the bonding of social capital between racial/ethnic minorities, and this homophily is indeed salient to democratic participation.
Medical Students’ Readiness for Cutbacks in Health Care Expenditures of Alcohol-Dependent Individuals
Authors: Hoffmann Hannah , Koschinowski Julie , Bischof Gallus , Schomerus Georg , Rumpf Hans-Jürgen
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Background: Despite being affected by a severe disease with increased morbidity and mortality, alcohol-dependent individuals often experience stigmatizing situations in the health care system. This study aimed to investigate medical students’ attitudes towards alcoholism and their readiness for cutbacks in health care expenditures for alcohol-dependent individuals. Methods: In total, 2253 students of all federal states in Germany took part in this study. Attitudes towards alcoholism, sociodemographic variables, and motives for studying medicine were assessed with an online questionnaire. Students’ readiness for cutbacks in health care expenditures of alcohol-dependent individuals was measured in relation to the other diseases, including psychiatric conditions (e. g. depression, schizophrenia), potentially stigmatized non-psychiatric disorders (e. g. AIDS), and potentially lifestyle-related acute (e.g. myocardial infarction) or chronic (e. g. diabetes) conditions. Data were analyzed with hierarchical logistic regression models. Results: Compared to other medical and mental diseases, alcoholism was by far the most frequently chosen condition with a potential for financial savings. In multivariate analyses, the preference for cutbacks was associated with the increased wish for social distance, high internal attribution of responsibility, low perceived severity and personal vulnerability, the absence of alcoholism in participants’ social environment, and certain motives for studying medicine. Discussion: Since the majority of alcohol-dependent individuals avoid seeking addiction-specific help, physicians in primary care are often the only contact person in the health care system who can initiate health-related behavioral changes. However, persisting prejudges may affect the physician-patient-relationship and therapy adherence. Interventions aimed at reducing stigmatizing attitudes should be implemented at an early stage of medical education.