bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CHARACTERIZING THE SHARDS OF DISRUPTED MILKY WAY SATELLITES WITH LAMOST
Authors: Carlin Jeffrey L. , Liu Chao , Newberg Heidi Jo , Beers Timothy C. , Deng Licai , Guhathakurta Puragra , Cao Zihuang , Hou Yonghui , Wang Yuefei , Wu Yue , Zhang Yong
Published: April 2016

We derive the fraction of substructure in the Galactic halo using a sample of over 10,000 spectroscopically confirmed halo giant stars from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) spectroscopic survey. By observing 100 synthetic models along each line of sight with the LAMOST selection function in that sky area, we statistically characterize the expected halo populations. We define as Stellar Halo Accretion Related Debris Structures (SHARDS) any stars in

excesses above the model predictions. We find that at least 10% of the Milky Way (MW) halo stars from LAMOST are part of SHARDS. By running our algorithm on smooth halos observed with the LAMOST selection function, we show that the LAMOST data contain excess substructure over all Galactocentric radii

kpc, beyond what is expected due to statistical fluctuations and incomplete sampling of a smooth halo. The level of substructure is consistent with the fraction of stars in SHARDS in model halos created entirely from accreted satellites. This work illustrates the potential of vast spectroscopic surveys with high filling factors over large sky areas to recreate the merging history of the MW.
THE COOL SURGE FOLLOWING FLUX EMERGENCE IN A RADIATION-MHD EXPERIMENT
Authors: Nóbrega-Siverio D. , Moreno-Insertis F. , Martínez-Sykora J.
Published: April 2016

Cool and dense ejections, typically Hα surges, often appear alongside EUV or X-ray coronal jets as a result of the emergence of magnetized plasma from the solar interior. Idealized numerical experiments explain those ejections as being indirectly associated with the magnetic reconnection taking place between the emerging and preexisting systems. However, those experiments miss basic elements that can importantly affect the surge phenomenon. In this paper we study the cool surges using a realistic treatment of the radiation transfer and material plasma properties. To that end, the Bifrost code is used, which has advanced modules for the equation of state of the plasma, photospheric and chromospheric radiation transfer, heat conduction, and optically thin radiative cooling. We carry out a 2.5D experiment of the emergence of magnetized plasma through (meso) granular convection cells and the low atmosphere to the corona. Through detailed Lagrange tracing we study the formation and evolution of the cool ejection and, in particular, the role of the entropy sources; this allows us to discern families of evolutionary patterns for the plasma elements. In the launch phase, many elements suffer accelerations well in excess of gravity; when nearing the apex of their individual trajectories, instead, the plasma elements follow quasi-parabolic trajectories with accelerations close to

. We show how the formation of the cool ejection is mediated by a wedge-like structure composed of two shocks, one of which leads to the detachment of the surge from the original emerged plasma dome.
THE ROTATION OF THE HOT GAS AROUND THE MILKY WAY
Authors: Hodges-Kluck Edmund J. , Miller Matthew J. , Bregman Joel N.
Published: April 2016

The hot gaseous halos of galaxies likely contain a large amount of mass and are an integral part of galaxy formation and evolution. The Milky Way has a

K halo that is detected in emission and by absorption in the O vii resonance line against bright background active galactic nuclei (AGNs), and for which the best current model is an extended spherical distribution. Using XMM-Newton Reflection Grating Spectrometer data, we measure the Doppler shifts of the O vii absorption-line centroids toward an ensemble of AGNs. These Doppler shifts constrain the dynamics of the hot halo, ruling out a stationary halo at about

and a co-rotating halo at

, and leading to a best-fit rotational velocity of

km s−1 for an extended halo model. These results suggest that the hot gas rotates and that it contains an amount of angular momentum comparable to that in the stellar disk. We examined the possibility of a model with a kinematically distinct disk and spherical halo. To be consistent with the emission-line X-ray data, the disk must contribute less than 10% of the column density, implying that the Doppler shifts probe motion in the extended hot halo.
Les destins contrariés de l’amour. l’agressivité et la haine chez Winnicott
Authors: Dupuis-Gauthier Catherine
Published: April 2016

L’œuvre de D.W. Winnicott interroge les origines et la fonction de l’agressivité et de la haine dans le développement psychique précoce. S’il admet que l’agressivité soit présente, in utero déjà, à travers la mobilité et la motilité du fœtus, il ne peut la confondre avec la haine au sens du sadisme primaire de Mélanie Klein. L’opposition de Winnicott au concept de « pulsion de mort » freudien sous-tend sa critique manifeste des perspectives kleiniennes d’une haine primordiale. Mais la lecture chronologique de ces écrits confirme surtout la spécificité de son point de vue quant à la préséance du couple « individu-environnement » sur l’existence de l’objet dès le début de la vie.
Note sur le « Sense of being » de D.W. Winnicott au regard de l’intersubjectivité et de la subjectivation
Authors: Golse Bernard
Published: April 2016

Après avoir rappelé quelques points principaux concernant l’intersubjectivité, la subjectivation et leurs rapports réciproques, l’auteur présente brièvement quatre pistes de réflexion chères à D.W. Winnicott et qui convergent toutes vers le «  sense of being  » : l’être et le faire, la question du jeu, la question du vrai Self et celle de l’objet transitionnel enfin. À partir de là, en s’appuyant sur un article d’André Green, il tente de montrer comment s’articule le «  sense of being  » avec la notion de créativité en tenant compte du fait que le «  sense of being  » winnicottien se situe en deçà de l’intersubjectivité et de la subjectivation.
Good Academic Practice During Doctoral Studies - An E-learning Course for Early Career Researchers at the Goethe University, Frankfurt (Germany)
Authors: Weigand Alexander M. , Zimmermann-Timm Heike
Published: April 2016

This case study reports on an e-learning course on good academic practice, compulsory for doctoral students of the central graduate academy GRADE at the Goethe University in Frankfurt (Germany). The tool comprises of six closely linked web based trainings. They are designed as a virtual PhD, depicting the different phases of a doctorate and covering the various aspects of good academic practice and potential fields of academic misconduct.
Designing and Evaluating Collaborative Projects in Learning Communities: Innovative Practices and Strategies
Authors: Parahakaran Suma
Published: April 2016

Abstract The purpose of this review is to focus on the opportunities available for Corporates, Policy makers and Universities to strengthen ties which are mutually beneficial to all and to the economic growth of the Country. One of the main objectives is to explain how learning communities can be achieved by linking all the three sectors mentioned above so that they become the resource for the nation and has long term sustainable solutions as well as gaining grounds of goodwill from the public sectors. The blended learning programs existing in Universities can be expanded to join ventures with corporate companies to accommodate large learning platforms through peer to peer teaching and learning. This study introduces a model after a detailed review that links educational policies, Higher Institutions through Learning Communities and Corporates for sustainable human resource development. Past research conducted by the research team on e-platforms, revealed findings that there is a wide scope for collaborative projects integrated through e -learning that can contribute to enhance practical skills and gaining knowledge. Currently, the sharing of knowledge is limited and skewed towards academic excellence. At the same time, corporate companies are tight with budgets on areas that can be complemented through student interns. Peer to peer learning and research based learning can benefit both students and corporate companies through the establishment of joint projects. CSR taken up by corporates then stand to gain in the long term. This research review therefore concludes a new agenda, a new platform for nations to strengthen their economy and bring youth power to rebuild gaps that have become unsustainable. The model promises that links between corporate and educational ventures becomes mutually beneficial to each other, strengthens stakeholder capacity and gains the goodwill of the local communities. The results of the review will establish new grounds with new insights for Government and Policy makers to strengthen economy and upgrade education systems. Ethical and Context based Learning communities will become the crest jewel of any nation.
Clarification of the Training Requirements for Working on Electric Vehicles
Authors: Fechtner Heiko , Saes Karl-Heinz , Fechtner Erik , Braun Tobias , Schmülling Benedikt
Published: April 2016

The dwindling energy resources and the compliance of international climate protection goals lead to a rethink in the automobile sector. One result of this rethink is the increasing distribution of electric vehicles in the last years. This development includes a new challenge for the training sector. For example, the implementation of a high-voltage system into automobiles involves a new hazard potential for people, who work on electric vehicles. Therefore, the employees in the areas of vehicle repair trade, rescue services, towing services, and other relevant sectors need a good qualification for working on electric vehicles. On the one hand, a lot of specialized training programs have already been developed in the area of academic education. On the other hand, there is a great need of training programs for professionals (e.g. motor mechanics, firefighters). Hence, this paper clarifies the current requirements in the education sector and the new hazard potential by working on electric vehicles. Moreover, an approach for the development of a specialized training program for working on electric vehicles is presented in this paper as well. The focus of this training program is on the improvement of the learning process by a blended learning concept with an adaptive modular design.
The Calculation of Time Dependent Losses of Prestress for Pre- and Post-Tensioning
Authors: Abrahoim Iyad
Published: April 2016

Effects of long-term concrete volume variations (creep, shrinkage). The value of the variation of stress in the tendons due to creep, shrinkage and relaxation at time t, the value of the variation of stress in the tendons at time t, due to the relaxation of the prestressing steel.
Distribution of Stresses in Masonry Pillar with Fully Filled and Unfilled Perpend Joints
Authors: Bily Petr , Fladr Josef
Published: April 2016

The paper summarizes the results of numerical analysis conducted with the aim to compare the distribution of stresses in masonry pillars constructed using different bricklaying techniques. The analysis was carried out in reaction to the discussion of members of Czech standardization committee TNK 37 – Masonry structures. Currently, most of masonry load-bearing structures in the Czech Republic are made from clay blocks without mortar in perpend joints. The analysis seeks the answer to the question whether it is possible, in case of the eccentrically loaded masonry pillars with unfilled perpend joints, to consider the value of design compressive strength calculated using the same approach as for pillars with filled perpend joints for the check of vertical load resistance. Supplementary comparison of the behavior of the pillars with filled and unfilled perpend joints loaded by lateral load in the plane of the pillar (corresponding to short shear walls) was also conducted. 2D FEM model created in ATENA Science software was exploited for the analysis. The results confirmed that the approaches contained in ČSN EN 1996-1-1 [1] are basically applicable for pillars with unfilled perpend joints.
Assessment of Load Bearing Capacity of Concrete Bridges after Exceeding the Design Life
Authors: Doležel Jiří , Šomodíková Martina , Lehký David , Novák Drahomír
Published: April 2016

Advanced methods of reliability analysis based on simulation techniques of Monte Carlo type in combination with nonlinear finite element method analysis represent effective tools for reliability assessment of the existing bridges. Knowledge of current level of load bearing capacity of the bridge and its development in the coming years while meeting the required level of reliability may help to schedule the bridge maintenance systematically and efficiently and/or it can facilitate decision-making on the manner and extent of its reconstruction. The paper briefly introduces methodology of probabilistic determination of the load bearing capacity of bridges with respect to the ongoing deterioration processes in time. The methodology is applied to determine the current level of load bearing capacity of a reinforced concrete parapet beam bridge built and for its estimation in the coming years until the end of the theoretical service life of the structure.
Verification of Concrete Slender Columns Resistance
Authors: Fillo Ľudovít , Knapcová Veronika , Augustín Tomáš
Published: April 2016

The presented paper brings verifications of slender concrete column resistance coming from levels of approximation after MC 2010 and SIA 262, which are compared with the Method of nominal curvature for calculation of 2. order moment after EN 1992-1-1. Results were compared with nonlinear analysis accounting for 2nd order effects, nonlinear behavior of concrete in compression and influence of cracking, creep and shrinkage.
Model Uncertainties of FEM Nonlinear Analyses of Concrete Structures
Authors: Kadlec Lukáš , Červenka Vladimir
Published: April 2016

Advanced numerical simulations are more often used due to the increasing possibilities of computer technology. For material descriptions, generally nonlinear constitutive relations are employed. It is expected that in the near future the reliability of structures will be assessed by use of these sophisticated calculations. For this purpose, it is firstly necessary to evaluate the model uncertainty of the numerical model, because the structural reliability is directly affected by the model uncertainty. Recommended values of model uncertainties differ in individual scientific literary sources. In standard codes the partial safety factor for model uncertainty is set by relatively low value. This value was assessed by empirical way and it seems that such value is valid only for flexural failure. Contemporary numerical simulations indicate larger model uncertainties. Moreover, the value of model uncertainty should be related to particular failure mode. This paper presents a comprehensive procedure for the determination of model uncertainties of nonlinear analyses. In the second part, the value of model uncertainties is derived for punching of slabs.
Analysis of Long-Term Observation of Highway Arch Bridge Oparno
Authors: Kolínský Vojtěch , Vítek Jan L.
Published: April 2016

The paper deals with evaluation of experimental data collected during the Oparno arch bridge construction and with subsequent analysis of the construction process and long-term behavior with regard to rheological properties of concrete. The Oparno valley bridge is composed of two separate concrete arch structures with spans of 135 metres (this is currently the second longest span of concrete arch bridge in the Czech Republic). It was built using cantilever casting technology with temporary cable-stays and auxiliary pylons. The data recorded for this study include detailed geodetic measurement of the bridge structure during construction, along with measured strains and temperatures in the arches. Most of the data was measured during the bridge construction in 2008 and 2009. Data significant for long term behavior of structure are still being collected.
Verification of different concrete material models and their suitability for design of arch bridges built by free cantilevering will be a main result of the analysis. On the basis of a detailed comparison of numerical results and measured deflections, strains and temperatures, it is possible to quantify the impact of rheological properties of the material (or their individual input parameters) on the resulting structural behavior. Unlike previous research, the examined structure is made of reinforced concrete (not prestressed) and consists of compact solid section and in the final state it is mainly in compression.
Concrete with High Content of Fly Ash Intended for Constructions with Long Durability
Authors: Hubáček Adam , Hela Rudolf
Published: April 2016

The article deals with theme of high fly ash content concretes intended for long life constructions. Considering the still growing consumption of fly ash in construction concretes it is a live theme in the Czech Republic and abroad as well. The emphasis will be laid namely on characteristics and requirements for fresh concrete intended for construction of these specific concrete constructions. They are for instance waterproof constructions, tunnel linings, concretes for bridge and road constructions etc. Also the hardened concrete properties like compressive strength, resistance to pressure water, durability and further necessary parameters for obtainment of required properties of these concretes will be monitored.
Design of Approach Slab of Road Bridges
Authors: Laco Kamil , Borzovič Viktor
Published: April 2016

This paper deals with the design and assessment of approach slabs of the transition zones of road bridges. The main goal of this article is to evaluate design criteria of this reinforced concrete member with attention to the requirements according to European standards.
Up to these days, used procedure for the design of the approach slabs of the bridge construction in Slovakia is based on previous Czechoslovak CSN 73 6244 standard introduced 1981. The reason for using this standard nowadays is mainly because of its simple form as an engineering tool for the design of the geometrical dimension and also the reinforcement of the approach slab.
Design procedures used for the analysis are taking into account the simplest and also the most conservative structural schemes, it is the slab with a hinge support in the place of the abutment and the second simple support on the other side substituting the gravel subsoil. This scheme should represent possible consolidation of the embankment under the slab. For more precise description of the behaviour, models with elastic support are used. Using these models, the approach slabs will be analysed for the ultimate limit state. The analysis of the results for various geometrical dimensions could serve as a template for similar design tool, to which bridge designers are used to.
Calculation of Bending Stiffness and its First Derivatives Related to Optimization of a Steel-Reinforced Concrete Cross Section
Authors: Venclovský Jakub , Stepanek Petr
Published: April 2016

This article focuses on creating an algorithm for the calculation of bending stiffness of an arbitrary polygonal cross section, including the first derivatives of this stiffness with respect to all the input variables. The coordinates of vertices of the cross section are also among these input variables. The algorithm is in principle based on dividing the cross section into trapezoids, calculating zero, first and second moment of area of these trapezoids, including partial derivatives with respect to all the input variables, and then compiling all these partial results into a final output. A DLL library based on this algorithm is then used in an optimization solver based on a reduced‑gradient method. This solver is put into practice to optimize the given cross section characteristics according to prescribed criteria.
Influence of Static and Dynamic Loads on the Behavior of Prestressed Concrete Railway Sleepers
Authors: Jokūbaitis Aidas , Valivonis Juozas , Marčiukaitis Gediminas
Published: April 2016

Various types of sleepers from different materials are used in railroad tracks, therefore nowadays prestressed concrete sleepers are the most common type of sleepers. High strength concrete and prestressing reinforcement are used in concrete sleepers. These railroad members are stiff, durable and can withstand heavy loads. However replacement of the cracked or damaged sleepers are expensive and it is necessary to properly design and test them before exploitation. Experimental research of prestressed concrete sleepers under static and dynamic loads are described in this article. Sleeper rail seat section is a support for the rails and various types of heavy loads are affecting this part of the sleeper. Therefore analysis of experimental results on sleeper rail seat bearing capacity and cracking are provided. Sleepers must meet certain cracking requirements and residual crack width must not exceed design value. Experimental residual crack widths are compared with design values. Influence of different diameter and strength reinforcement is analyzed on the behaviour of sleeper rail seat section.
Lightweight Fibre Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Hubertova Michala , Hela Rudolf
Published: April 2016

The use of fibre reinforcement in normalweight concrete technology is commonly used in practice. In the area of lightweight concrete, for example with use of expanded clay aggregate, there is not widely used this type of technology. The paper describes the experimental verification of various doses of steel fibres in two types of bulk and compressive class of lightweight expanded clay aggregate concrete and its influence on the physical and mechanical properties of hardened concrete – compressive and flexural strength, stress-strain diagram.
Numerical Modeling of the Interaction of Subsoil and Reinforced Concrete Slab
Authors: Vaskova Jana , Čajka Radim
Published: April 2016

The influence of the physically-nonlinear behavior of the structure and interaction between the upper structure and foundation are the aspects which influence the results of the subsoil-structure interaction analysis. The aim of the application of computational model is to determine the most apposite distribution of stress and deformation due the contact stress in the footing bottom. This contact stress is especially dependent to the load. It also depends on the subsoil stiffness, upper structure stiffness and foundation stiffness too. Numerical analyses of contact task were made with FEM. The test sample for the task was a reinforced concrete foundation slab model loaded during experimental loading test. The subsoil is heterogeneous. Its properties are different from the idealized behavior of the linear elastic isotropic homogeneous material. Application of inhomogeneous half-space allows better capture the subsoil behavior because of increasing modulus of deformability with increasing depth of subsoil model. Results of FEM analyses were also confronted with the values measured during the experiment.
The Influence of Glass Fibers as Dispersed Reinforcement on Hydric Properties of Concrete
Authors: Pernicová Radka , Dobiáš Daniel , Mandlík Tomáš
Published: April 2016

In this paper, the effect of different kind of glass fiber on hydric properties of ultra-high performance concrete and normal strength concrete is determined. It was the use several types of micro fine high-dispersible alkali resistant fibers that prevent the formation of shrinkage cracks caused by tensions. Comparative measurements with both concrete without glass fibers are done as well. The main aim of this experimental work is to obtain sufficiently accurate input data for the estimate of durability surface layers of concrete which are connected with water transport and its accompanying effects such as biological degradation, water soluble salt transport or degradation by rainwater absorbing oxides of sulfur and carbon from air.
Basalt Fibers as New Material for Reinforcement and Confinement of Concrete
Authors: Thorhallsson Eythor Rafn , Snaebjornsson Jónas Thór
Published: April 2016

Basalt Fibre Reinforced Polymer (BFRP) is a new material in civil engineering and has shown to be a promising material for infrastructure strengthening. In comparison to carbon fiber, glass fiber and other composites, it has some advantages such as high-temperature resistance and low cost. At the Structural and Composite Laboratory at Reykjavik University (SEL) several research projects involving strengthening concrete beams and columns by using FRP materials have been on-going in recent years. These tests have shown improvements in strength and durability compared to unstrengthened concrete members. The benefit of using basalt fiber or other FRP material is that they are non-corrosive, which is a good choice for reinforcing concrete structure exposed to de-icing salts, for examples in bridge decks and parking garage elements. Also for concrete exposed to marine environment, such as seawalls, water breaks and buildings or other structures located near a waterfront. Two research projects are presented in this paper; a test of prestressed concrete with internal basalt rods instead of steel and a test of columns strengthened by wrapping fibre-reinforced composite sheets around the columns to increase their strength and ductility. These experimental tests show increasing strength and ductile for both the beams and the columns.
Development and Application of a New Mobile pH Calibrator for Real-Time Monitoring of pH in Diffuse Flow Hydrothermal Vent Fluids
Authors: Tan Chunyang , Ding Kang , Seyfried William E
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn situ measurement of pH in diffuse flow hydrothermal vent fluids is necessary to investigate the feedback between geochemical and biochemical processes. Accurate pH determination has been unusually challenging owing to temperature and pressure effects that
place severe constraints on the performance of a wide variety of pH sensor systems. In this paper, we describe a newly developed mobile pH calibrator (MpHC), which makes use of In situ calibration protocols that enhance the accuracy of pH measurement and monitoring on the ocean floor
at deep-sea hydrothermal vents. The MpHC combines the physically robust and highly sensitive iridium solid-state pH electrode with a flow control system to perform 2-point calibration with on-board pH buffer solutions. The small size and novel design of the sensor probe allow more effective
access to seafloor hydrothermal vent fluids and their associated sulfide structures and biological communities. The MpHC is capable of In situ deployment by submersible via ICL (inductively couple link) communication around hydrothermal vents at pressures and temperatures up to 45 MPa
and 100°C, respectively. In this paper, we also present results of In situ calibration methods used to correct the standard potential and slope (mV/pH) of the solid-state electrode for temperature effects. The MpHC has been deployed most recently using the submersible Alvin
during cruise AT26-17 to Axial Seamount and Main Endeavour Field, Juan De Fuca Ridge in the NE Pacific. With In situ calibration functionality, the MpHC offers the prospect of more successful longer-term measurements in keeping with power availability provided by cabled seafloor observatories
coming online in the NE Pacific.
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Motion Response: A Nonacoustic Tool for Blue Water Navigation
Authors: Randeni P. Supun A. T. , Forrest Alexander L. , Cossu Remo , Leong Zhi Quan , King Peter D. , Ranmuthugala Dev
Published: April 2016

AbstractAutonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) use secondary velocity over ground measurements to aid the Inertial Navigation System (INS) to avoid unbounded drift in the point-to-point navigation solution. When operating in deep open ocean (i.e., in blue water—beyond
the frequency-specific instrument range), the velocity measurements are either based on water column velocities or completely unavailable. In such scenarios, the velocity-relative-to-water measurements from an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) are often used for INS aiding. ADCPs have
a blanking distance (typically ranging between 0.5 and 5 m) in proximity to the device in which the flow velocity data are undetectable. Hence, water velocities used to aid the INS solution can be significantly different from that near the vehicle and are subjected to significant noise. Previously,
the authors introduced a nonacoustic method to calculate the water velocity components of a turbulent water column within the ADCP dead zone using the AUV motion response (referred to as the WVAM method). The current study analyzes the feasibility of incorporating
the WVAM method within the INS by investigating the accuracy of it at different turbulence levels of the water column. Findings of this work demonstrate that the threshold limits of the method can be improved in the nonlinear ranges (i.e., at low and high levels of energy); however, by estimating
a more accurate representation of vehicle hydrodynamic coefficients, this method has proven robust in a range of tidally induced flow conditions. The WVAM method, in its current state, offers significant potential to make a key contribution to blue water navigation when integrated within the
vehicle's INS.
Micro-Modem for Short-Range Underwater Mobile Communication Systems
Authors: Jeon Jun-Ho , Park Sung-Joon
Published: April 2016

AbstractRecently, there has been great interest in short-range underwater communication for applications such as water pollution monitoring, fish farming, oceanographic data collection, and underwater tactical surveillance based on underwater sensor network systems. Because
underwater wireless communication relies primarily on acoustics, the development of acoustic modems has been an important topic that needs to be addressed. Furthermore, for years, underwater biomimetic fish robots have been studied in the area of biomechanics for scientific use and reconnaissance
missions. In this article, we describe an underwater mobile communication system where fish robots act as sensor nodes, which is different from the conventional concept of an underwater sensor network that is static. We describe the issues that need to be resolved to provide mobility to a
node, and we develop a micro-modem to meet the requirements of a moving node. Experiments conducted with prototypes in both a lake and a river verify that the proposed system provides a new degree of freedom (mobility) and is a viable approach.
Study and Design of a Heat Dissipation System in a Junction Box for Chinese Experimental Ocean Observatory Network
Authors: Li Dejun , Wang Jun , Feng Jianshe , Yang Canjun , Chen Yanhu
Published: April 2016

AbstractGood heat dissipation is highly significant for long-term reliable functioning of a junction box (JB) for a cable ocean observatory network. An innovative heat dissipation system consisting of circumferentially equi-spaced chassis heat sinks and an adaptive elastic
support structure is proposed based on the analysis of the cooling mechanism of the JB. A temperature field model of the JB is established. The parameters include seawater pressure, precision of machine workpieces, seawater flow rate, and thermal contact resistance. A 3D dynamic simulation
of heat dissipation is conducted using the commercial software ANSYS to describe the temperature field inside the JB. The proposed heat dissipation system is applied and tested on a laboratory setup of the Experimental Underwater Observatory Network System of China. Experimental results agree
well with the theoretical model and simulated results. The increase in maximum temperature in the JB is between 7°C and 10°C under different sea conditions.
La Biblioteca de Alvar Aalto en Viipuri, hoy
Authors: Heikenheimo Marianna
Published: April 2016

Sin resumen
Rehabilitación de la Casa Palacio del Barón de Ariza en Valencia
Authors: Noguera Juan Francisco
Published: April 2016

La Casa Palacio del Barón de Ariza, obra del arquitecto A. Ferrer, ha sido hasta su rehabilitación como sede de la Confederación Empresarial Valenciana completamente desconocida. Sin embargo, su fachada rehabilitada, la composición espacial de sus salones en planta noble y su ornamentación, hacen de esta obra un prototipo muy valioso del eclecticismo valenciano de finales del siglo XIX. En su rehabilitación se ha buscado un equilibrio entre sus cualidades arquitectónicas y funcionales, procurando potenciar aquellas piezas o elementos que mejor contribuyan a su valor histórico artístico. Cierra la exposición de los trabajos de intervención en este edificio el artículo de Enriqueta González acerca de la restauración de los ornamentos y dorados de la planta noble.
Palladio y Piranesi ante las ruinas
Authors: Calduch Juan
Published: April 2016

“Tanto Palladio como Piranesi se enfrentan con la herencia romana de las ruinas para extraer enseñanzas que afectan a la propia disciplina arquitectónica. Una disciplina que se revela autónoma e independiente de otras como la historia o la arqueología volcadas sobre el mismo objeto de estudio”. A partir de estas consideraciones y de un agudo análisis del diferente enfoque de estos arquitectos dibujando la misma arquitectura de las ruinas romanas, el autor extrae consecuencias sobre los intereses profesionales de los arquitectos cuando se enfrentan con la arquitectura monumental y la necesidad de recuperar un juicio crítico de las intervenciones actuales propio de la disciplina arquitectónica.
Restauración de la imagen externa de la antigua Casa Aduana Real de Valencia
Authors: Casar Pinazo José Ignacio , Aristoy Albert Mario J.
Published: April 2016

“Como si de un palacio real se tratara, la Aduana, magnífica, sólida, autónoma, exenta, rodeada de jardines, ...-como la describen los autores del artículo-, ordena uno de los ámbitos más preciados de la Valencia decimonónica.” La intervención sobre las fachadas exteriores, además de brindar una oportunidad para la investigación del edificio -a la espera de una segunda fase de intervención-, plantea la recuperación de una técnica de acabado, que merece una reflexión sobre su autenticidad, idoneidad y tradición en la arquitectura valenciana del siglo XVIII.
La recuperación del circo romano de Tarragona
Authors: Mar Ricardo , Roca Estanislao , Abelló Arcadi
Published: April 2016

La recuperación del Circo Romano de Tarragona es una ambiciosa operación arqueológica, de restauración arquitectónica y urbanística propia de un Conjunto con merecida aspiración a ser considerado Monumento de la Humanidad. Queda todavía una delicada tarea de restauración arquitectónica tras culminar las excavaciones actuales, y por ello éste es un buen momento para recapitular y presentar un resumen de la metodología utilizada hasta la fecha, contribuir desde LOGGIA a su difusión, y alentar éxitos futuros.
Three-dimensional HDlive Thick-Slice Silhouette of Fetal Brain
Authors: Pooh Ritsuko K
Published: April 2016

Three-dimensional (3D) and four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound have improved our knowledge regarding the development of the embryo and fetus and of a great number of fetal anomalies. The great achievement in the field of 3D/4D ultrasound is high definition live (HDlive) technology and HDlive silhouette/flow technology. HDlive silhouette emphasizes the borderlines between organs with different echogenicity and it can be appropriately named as ‘see-through fashion’. However, it occasionally appears to demonstrate too many inner structures overlapping one another to understand their relations. The author has cut the volume dataset with a rectangle cube and rendered the cut slice with silhouette ultrasound and called as ‘thick-slice silhouette’. Normal brain image in the coronal cutting section by thick-slice silhouette imaging is the picture of the month. This method is useful to identify the inner structure of the organs.

How to cite this article

Pooh RK. Three-dimensional HDlive Thick-Slice Silhouette of Fetal Brain. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(1):1-2.
The solar activity dependence of nonmigrating tides in electron density at low and middle latitudes observed by CHAMP and GRACE
Authors: Zhou Yun-Liang , Wang Li , Xiong Chao , Lühr Hermann , Ma Shu-Ying
Published: April 2016

Abstract. In this paper we use more than a decade of in situ electron density observations from CHAMP and GRACE satellites to investigate the solar activity dependence of nonmigrating tides at both low and middle latitudes. The results indicate that the longitudinal patterns of F region electron density vary with season and latitude, which are exhibiting a wavenumber 4 (WN4) pattern around September equinox at low latitudes and WN1/WN2 patterns during local summer at the southern/northern middle latitudes. These wave patterns in the F region ionosphere can clearly be seen during both solar maximum and minimum years. At low latitudes the absolute amplitudes of DE3 (contributing to the WN4 pattern) are found to be highly related to the solar activity, showing larger amplitudes during solar maximum years. Similarly a solar activity dependence can also be found for the absolute amplitudes of D0, DW2 and DE1 (contributing to the WN1 and WN2 pattern) at middle latitudes. The relative amplitudes (normalized by the zonal mean) of these nonmigrating tides at both low and middle altitudes show little dependence on solar activity. We further found a clear modulation by the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) of the relative DE3 amplitudes in both satellite observations, which is consistent with the QBO dependence as reported for the E region temperatures and zonal wind. It also supports the strong coupling of the low-latitude nonmigrating tidal activity between the E and F regions. However, the QBO dependence cannot be found for the relative amplitudes of the nonmigrating tides at middle latitudes, which implies that these tides are generated in situ at F region altitudes.
FUNCIONALIDADE ECOLÓGICA DE SISTEMAS AGROFLORESTAIS BIODIVERSOS: USO DA SERAPILHEIRA COMO INDICADOR DA RECUPERAÇÃO DE ÁREAS DE PRESERVAÇÃO PERMANENTE
Authors: De Souza Márcia Cristina Soares , Piña-Rodrigues Fatima Conceição Márquez , Casagrande José Carlos , Da Silva Simone Ferreira , Scoriza Rafael Nogueira
Published: April 2016

As recentes alterações na legislação brasileira incentivam a utilização de sistemas produtivos em áreas de preservação. Para avaliar a funcionalidade ecológica quanto ao aporte de biomassa e nutrientes, foi feito estudo de uma área de floresta e de quatro modelos de sistemas agroflorestais (SAFs) biodiversos e multiestratificados, com plantio de uma (solteira) a duas (casada) mudas por cova e com e sem consórcio de leguminosas, em Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APPs) no município de Paraty, RJ. A produção e o aporte de nutrientes foram maiores na área da floresta (7,47 Mg.ha-1.ano-1), sendo de 5,4 Mg.ha-1.ano-1 nas unidades de SAFs biodiversos. O sistema de plantio e o uso de leguminosas não promoveram incrementos no aporte de biomassa, sendo influenciados pelo manejo, que também afetou a sazonalidade da deposição. O aporte de serapilheira foi um eficiente indicador, sendo sensível para detectar alterações temporais e de manejo nas áreas dos sistemas agroflorestais estudados.
GERMINAÇÃO E CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE Machaerium brasiliense VOGEL (FABACEAE) EM CASA DE VEGETAÇÃO
Authors: Pastorini Lindamir Hernandez , Romagnolo Mariza Barion , Barbeiro Caroline , Guerreiro Renata Gomes de Oliveira , Costa Priscila Marques , Sert Maria Aparecida , Souza Luiz Antonio
Published: April 2016

Machaerium brasiliense Vogel é uma espécie arbórea, conhecida popularmente como pau-sangue, jacarandá-bico-de-pato e sapuva. Com o objetivo de verificar a germinação, sementes de M. brasiliense foram mantidas sob temperatura de 20°, 25° e 30 °C, em câmara de germinação com fotoperíodo de 12h ou escuro contínuo. Para análise do crescimento inicial, avaliaram-se, aos 90, 180, 270 e 360 dias após o transplante (DAT), a altura, o comprimento da raiz, a massa seca da parte aérea, da raiz e total e o número de folhas de plantas mantidas em casa de vegetação. A presença ou ausência de luz não influenciou o desempenho das sementes, observando-se maior porcentagem de germinação (PG) para as sementes submetidas a 20 e 25 °C, o mesmo sendo verificado para o parâmetro índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG). O menor tempo médio de germinação (TMG) foi observado a 30 °C. Em relação aos parâmetros de crescimento, os maiores valores foram obtidos aos 270 e 360 DAT, não ocorrendo diferença estatística entre esses dois períodos de avaliação. A presença de nódulos radiculares foi observada a partir dos 180 DAT.
CARACTERÍSTICAS DO CONSUMO RESIDENCIAL DE LENHA E CARVÃO VEGETAL
Authors: Passos Bruna Mariá dos , Simioni Flávio José , Deboni Tamires Liza , Dalari Beatriz Lima Santos Klienchen
Published: April 2016

Objetivou-se caracterizar o perfil do consumo de lenha e carvão vegetal nas residências urbanas de Lages/SC e identificar as características socioeconômicas que influenciam na quantidade consumida. Foram amostradas aleatoriamente 178 residências, por meio de um questionário estruturado. As informações coletadas proporcionaram quantificar o consumo de lenha e de carvão vegetal nas residências e caracterizar sua utilização e algumas características dos domicílios. Um conjunto de oito variáveis explicativas foram consideradas para avaliar a quantidade consumida de lenha ou carvão vegetal, separando as residências em dois grupos – as que consomem e as que não consomem. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se estatística descritiva, correlação linear e análise de componentes principais (ACP). A lenha é consumida em 38,2% dos domicílios entrevistados, com quantidade predominante de 0,1 a 2 st/ano (780 kg/domicílio/ano), enquanto que 36% consomem carvão vegetal, predominantemente até 15 kg/mês (141,7 kg/domicílio/ano). A lenha é adquirida através de compra, preferencialmente em pedaços para uso em fogão ou lareira, tanto para cocção de alimentos como para aquecimento. As principais variáveis que estão associadas ao consumo de lenha foram a disponibilidade de fogão e lareira no domicílio e o número de pessoas, enquanto que para o carvão vegetal foi a produção de churrasco.
REDUÇÃO DE EMISSÕES DE CO2 PELA PRODUÇÃO DE BIOCOMBUSTÍVEIS A PARTIR DE ÓLEO DE DENDÊ NA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA
Authors: Godinho Cassol Henrique Luis , Clímaco de Melo Lara , Da Silva Mendes Fernanda , Fonseca Rogério , Sanquetta Carlos Roberto
Published: April 2016

O estudo pretende estimar a redução de CO2 proporcionada pela produção de biocombustíveis a partir do óleo de dendê nas áreas aptas ao cultivo, segundo o ZAE-Dendê da Amazônia Brasileira. Essas estimativas, ainda escassas na literatura, são parte das diretrizes governamentais frente às mudanças climáticas. Tais diretrizes envolvem a mensuração de dois reservatórios de carbono potenciais: i) a fixação de CO2 atmosférico proveniente do acúmulo na biomassa nos plantios; e ii) a redução de emissões de CO2 oriundas da substituição de combustíveis fósseis por biocombustíveis (menos poluentes), gerados a partir de óleo de dendê. Os resultados demonstram que, ao longo do período de cultivo, 151,85 Mg.CO2eq.ha-1 podem ser estocados na biomassa acima do solo. Em um cenário de aproveitamento potencial para a produção de óleo de palma de 35 milhões de hectares de áreas desmatadas da Amazônia brasileira, 5,3 bilhões Mg.CO2eq poderiam ser absorvidas com o plantio. Entretanto, aproximadamente 90% do CO2 absorvido retorna à atmosfera durante o processo de produção, devido à baixa tecnologia aplicada, tornando imprescindível o reaproveitamento dos resíduos da produção para aumentar a eficiência da redução de CO2.
UMA NOVA ORDEM RELIGIOSA: O NASCIMENTO DA COMPANHIA DE JESUS EM TEMPO DE REFORMAS RELIGIOSAS
Authors: Sabeh Luiz Antonio
Published: April 2016

A Companhia de Jesus foi uma das instituições mais atuantes e influentes do mundo ocidental durante a Época Moderna. Entre os muitos aspectos de sua história, alguns polêmicos, seu nascimento como uma entidade de poder encontra explicações discordantes na historiografia. A partir da análise dos documentos relativos à criação e aprovação da ordem religiosa, e de alguns documentos do universo religioso do período, este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre essas explicações. Pretende-se, com isso, entender como o ambiente de reformas religiosas do Velho Continente influenciou no nascimento da ordem jesuítica e, igualmente, como o funcionamento desta congregação impactou nesse mesmo processo que a originou.
A UMBANDA ENTRE A CODIFICAÇÃO E A PRÁTICA
Authors: Andrade Júnior Lourival
Published: April 2016

O artigo trata do processo de consolidação da Umbanda no Brasil e as diversas tentativas de codificar seu ritual e sua teogonia. Neste sentido, três obras escritas por intelectuais umbandistas foram analisadas, sendo elas: “Codificação da Lei de Umbanda: parte científica e parte prática” (1960) de Emanuel Zespo, “Curso Essencial de Umbanda” (2011) de Ademir Barbosa Junior (Dermes) e “Umbanda de Almas e Angola: ritos, magia e africanidade” (2011) de Giovani Martins. Nelas observamos as aproximações e as divergências no campo umbandista e a impossibilidade de definir regras ritualísticas para todos os terreiros espalhados pelo país. Analisamos questões centrais da religião umbandista: origem, fundação, hino, leis, Orixás, racialismo, organização dos terreiros, sessões mediúnicas, entidades espirituais, responsabilidades para com o ritual, comportamento moral e ético. Em todos estes pontos os autores buscaram formatar a Umbanda em leis e códigos a partir de suas experiências particulares e seus estudos teóricos. Três possibilidades para uma mesma Umbanda.
Promoting Good Governance through Internal Audit Function (IAF): The Nigerian Experience
Authors: Asaolu Taiwo Olufemi , Adedokun Samuel Adebayo , Monday James Unam
Published: April 2016

The subject of governance has become a pertinent issue for business, government, politics, and the general public. In both the private and the public sectors, there is an increasing demand for good governance in terms of accountability and transparency, and internal audit function within organizations has an important role to play in the achievement of these objectives. This study therefore assessed the effects of internal audit function (IAF) on good governance in the public sector in Nigeria. Primary data was obtained through the administration of structured questionnaire to purposively selected respondents comprising Head of Internal Audit, Director of Finance and Supplies, and Head of Local Government Administration, in 33 public sector organizations in Oyo State, Southwestern Nigeria. A total of 99 respondents participated in the study. IAF was measured by independence of internal audit system, scope of work, professional competence, examination process, and management support, while quality of service, management of public resources measured good governance. Data obtained was analysed using correlation analysis and multiple regression technique. The results showed that the effectiveness of IAF in Nigerian public sector organisations was moderate since internal audit system in the public organisations was not absolutely independent and professional competence was limited due to the challenge of insufficient funds to successfully carry out its duties. Moreover, the study revealed that IAF had significant and positive effect on the quality of service delivery and management of resources in the public organisations. The study concluded that internal Audit function is a veritable tool for promoting good governance in the Nigerian Public Sector. This study therefore recommended that there should be legal mandate in public sector organisations that allows government information to be publicly published and special funds should be made available to internal auditors as it would enhance effectiveness of internal audit function and boost good governance in the organisations.