bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘I Sometimes Wonder Whether I’m an Outsider’: Negotiating Belonging in Zine Subculture
Authors: Kempson Michelle
Published: March 2015

This article considers how people involved in the zine subculture in the UK negotiate a sense of subcultural belonging through their participation at zinefests – radical marketplaces that facilitate the exchange of independently produced, not-for-profit media known as ‘zines’. The primary contention of the article is that contemporary subcultural networks are implicit in producing, via a multiplicity of entrance points, a ‘subcultural subject’ who negotiates both ‘insider’ and ‘outsider’ subjectivities at various times. This point is exemplified throughout the article through the exploration of qualitative data collected via interviews and ethnographic work at zinefests between October 2009 and July 2011.
Divergent Urban-rural Trends in College Attendance
Authors: Tam Tony , Jiang Jin
Published: March 2015

Despite the massive expansion of higher education in China since 1998, the cohort trends of urban and rural hukou holders in college attendance have widened sharply. Prevailing explanations emphasize the advantages of urban students over rural students in school quality and household financial resources. We propose the structural exclusion hypothesis that underscores the unintended consequences of a state policy: the urban concentrated expansion of vocational upper secondary education. This policy makes the expanding opportunity inaccessible for most rural students but helps lower-achieving urban students remain in the “pipeline” for college. We conduct a crucial test of these explanations by linking provincial-level enrollment statistics with individual-level models of the urban-rural trends in college attendance. The data are drawn from the 2006 Chinese General Social Survey and official statistics for 28 college admission districts over 14 college admission cohorts (1989-2002). Findings suggest that the rising urban advantage originates from the virtually exclusive increase in opportunities for vocational education among urban students. As vocational education is mainly an option for lower-achieving students, the expansion of vocational education most benefits lower-achieving urban students. The widening differences between urban and rural hukou in college attendance therefore reflects the advantage given “marginal” urban students in access to vocational schools.
De etiske dilemmaer ved inklusion af patienter til forskningsprojekter
Authors: Halladin Rauh Katja , Hedegaard Susanne , Rosenberg Jacob
Published: March 2015

The purpose of this short article is to discuss ethical dilemmas that research nurses may have in the process of including patients in clinical trials. These dilemmas are discussed in relation to virtue ethics and ethics of duty. There is an increasing interest in the subject of nursing ethics, but very few studies have focused on the ethical dilemmas faced by research nurses and other staff who work with clinical trials. Focusing on the ethical dilemmas that may arise in the inclusion process, may enable the research nurse to achieve a balance between virtue ethics and ethics of duty.
Using the SSIS assessments with Australian students: A comparative analysis of test psychometrics to the US normative sample
Authors: Sherbow Amanda , Kettler Ryan J. , Elliott Stephen N. , Davies Michael , Dembitzer Leah
Published: March 2015

The Social Skills Improvement System (SSIS; Gresham & Elliott, 2008) is a multiple stage, broadband system for assessing and intervening with children in preschool through 12th grade originally normed in the USA. Two of the assessment components of this system were analysed: (a) the Performance Screening Guides (PSGs); and (b) the Rating Scales (RSs). Australian teachers in Ipswich ( N = 15) and South Brisbane ( N = 30) rated their elementary school students with the SSIS. This study’s objective was to compare the psychometric properties of an Australian sample of students to the US-based normative sample to determine the transferability of the measure among English speaking populations. Internal consistency reliability was good for both samples across both measures. Correlations between PSGs and RSs domains were similar within the two countries. Conditional probability analyses indicated the PSGs work as the first stage of a multiple gating procedure. Overall, the psychometric data, based on a sample of Australian students, demonstrated similar results to the large US-based normative sample, suggesting that the reliability of scores and the validity of ensuing inferences for the SSIS measures are generalizable for child assessment purposes.
Engaging with local stakeholders: some lessons from Fukushima for recovery
Authors: Hayano R.S.
Published: March 2015

The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident contaminated the soil of densely populated regions in Fukushima prefecture with radioactive caesium, which poses significant risks of internal and external exposure to the residents. Applying the knowledge of post-Chernobyl accident studies, internal exposures in excess of a few mSv per year would be expected to be common in Fukushima. However, extensive whole-body-counter surveys have shown that the internal exposure levels of residents are much lower than estimated; in 2012–2013, the Cs-137 detection percentages (the detection limit being ∼300 Bq body−1) were approximately 1% for adults and practically 0% for children. These results are consistent with those of many other measurements/studies conducted to date in Fukushima. As a consequence, risks from external exposure assume greater importance for the majority of residents in Fukushima due to the lower contribution from internal exposure. In both cases, average doses remain low, although some residents are exposed to higher-than-average risks; it is these members of the population who need to be identified and followed-up. Consequently, it is essential to re-establish communication at all levels in society.
The new normal: from media imperialism to market liberalization – Asia’s shifting television landscapes
Authors: Chadha Kalyani , Kavoori Anandam
Published: March 2015

This article explores television landscapes in Asia two decades after the introduction of satellite television in the region. Exploring both past trends and emergent logics, it argues that whereas nation-states in Asia originally saw foreign, particularly Western, media flows as an existential threat to local culture and identity, and sought to limit them via a variety of gatekeeping mechanisms, the contemporary situation is very different. Indeed, television landscapes all over the continent are generally tilting toward greater openness and greater integration with the global television system, the discursive decline of the idea of media imperialism, and the rise of market-oriented media models, in many cases sponsored by states themselves, all over the continent.
Competing constructions of British national identity: British newspaper comment on the 2012 Olympics opening ceremony
Authors: Thomas Ryan J , Antony Mary Grace
Published: March 2015

This study used newspaper comment on the opening ceremony of the 2012 Olympic Games in London as an avenue to discuss and contemplate British national identity. Through analysis of 91 editorials and opinion columns in the British national press, we uncovered three prominent themes in newspaper discourse: the ‘greatness’ of Great Britain, the ceremony as a symbol of contemporary political contestation, and the difficulties of defining and articulating a coherent, ‘catch-all’ definition of British identity. These results are demonstrative of the inherent challenge to connect multiple and contradictory conceptualizations of national identity into a coherent whole.
Intergenerational Perspectives on Autonomy Following a Transition to a Continuing Care Retirement Community
Authors: Ayalon Liat
Published: March 2015

The study evaluated the concept of autonomy from the perspective of older adults and their adult children following a transition of the older adult to a continuing care retirement community (CCRC). Overall, 70 interviews (with older adults and their adult children; 34 dyads) were analyzed, using a line-by-line open coding, followed by dyadic analysis. Autonomy was not portrayed as a uniform, homogenous construct, but rather encompassed four different domains: (a) the focus of one’s attention or concerns: on others, on self, or not at all; (b) the ability to exercise decisions and make independent choices; (c) the degree of physical functioning and ability of the older adult; and (d) the financial ability of the older adult. The duality in the relationships between older adults and their adult children is discussed in relation to the give and take of autonomy that occur following a transition to a CCRC.
Object-oriented and ontology-alignment patterns-based expressive Mediation Bridge Ontology (MBO)
Authors: Khan Wajahat Ali , Amin Muhammad Bilal , Khattak Asad Masood , Hussain Maqbool , Afzal Muhammad , Lee Sungyoung , Kim Eun Soo
Published: March 2015

The Semantic Web is dependent on extensive knowledge management by interlinking resources on the web using matching techniques. This role is played by the progressing domain of ontology matching, by introducing ontology-matching tools. The focus of these matching tools is limited to matching techniques and automation, rather than expressive formal representation of alignments. We propose Mediation Bridge Ontology (MBO), an expressive alignment representation ontology used to store correspondences between matching ontologies matched by our ontology-matching tool, System for Parallel Heterogeneity Resolution (SPHeRe). The MBO utilizes object-oriented design patterns and the proposed ontology-alignment design patterns to provide extendibility and reusability factors to SPHeRe system. We compared our proposed system with existing systems using Coupling Factor, Number of Polymorphic methods and Rate of Change metrics to support extendibility and reusability. These factors contribute to the overall objective of interoperability for knowledge management in the Semantic Web.
Supervised learning for building stemmers
Authors: Karanikolas Nikitas N.
Published: March 2015

This work is part of a project aiming to define a methodology for building simple but robust stemmers, having primitive knowledge of the stemmer’s target language. The methodology starts with a very simple primary stemmer that simply removes the longest suffix (using the primitive knowledge – the list of available suffixes) that matches the ending of the examined word. Information retrieval (IR) experts express their arguments against the results of the primary stemmer. These (the experts’ arguments) are valuable knowledge that offer us the ability to apply supervised learning in order to automatically produce better stemmers (that conform to the arguments expressed by the IR experts). We also conduct an evaluation of our supervised learning-based methodology that builds stemmers for languages that the experts do not have knowledge on.
Lymphatic Drainage Patterns in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Farmer Roger W. , McCall Linda , Civantos Francisco J. , Myers Jeffrey N. , Yarbrough Wendell G. , Murphy Barbara , O’Leary Miriam , Zitsch Robert , Siegel Barry A.
Published: March 2015

Objective

The purpose of our study was to correlate sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) found on planar lymphoscintigraphy (LS) to SLN found with gamma probe–directed sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for T1/T2 N0 oral cavity cancer.

Study Design

Prospective cooperative group trial.

Setting

Academic medical centers.

Subjects and Methods

One hundred forty adults with untreated T1/T2 N0 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity underwent planar LS, resection, SLNB, and neck dissection. Location of SLN by planar LS and SLNB and of metastases were compared to each other and historical data of regional metastases.

Results

SLNs located by planar LS and SLNB were predominantly in levels I through IV. There was heterogeneity in the number of SLNs found at planar LS and at SLNB, which was significantly different in levels II and III (P <. 0001). In 14 of 33 cases with bilateral drainage on planar LS, SLNB detected only unilateral SLN. Sensitivity of planar LS in predicting the level of SLN was 41% to 63%, and specificity was 68% to 95%. Comparison of locations of the metastases to historical data showed fewer metastases to level I in our study (P =. 03). Metastases occurred predominantly in levels I through III. In 1 case of a lateral tongue cancer, a contralateral SLN was the only positive node.

Conclusion

Lymphatic drainage patterns and metastases involved predominantly levels I through III. Planar LS is not sensitive for predicting the levels of SLN, and in levels II and III, the rate of detection of SLN between the 2 modalities is significantly different.
A simple method for proximal anastomoses marking during CABG for future coronary angiography
Authors: Shani Liran , Kerner Arthur , Bolotin Gil
Published: March 2015

Evaluation of aortic proximal anastomoses in patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass surgery poses a special challenge to the interventional cardiologist during follow-up angiography procedures. We present a simple, safe, and fast technique for proximal anastomoses marking using hemostatic clips. Successful visualization of the graft marker was achieved using medium-sized hemoclips during fluoroscopy. The use of hemoclips for this procedure proved to be straightforward and required no additional surgical training.
A rat model of aortic arch aneurysm with excellent survival
Authors: Wang Jun , Liu Hong , Jiang Nan Qing , Jiang Bo , Wei Ning
Published: March 2015

Background

The complex mechanisms of aortic arch aneurysm have not been well studied. An animal model of aortic arch aneurysm would be beneficial to study this fatal disease. In this study, we tried to establish a rat model of aortic arch aneurysm by constricting the aortic isthmus.

Methods

Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups. Rats with no aortic isthmus constriction were assigned to group A (control group). The aortic isthmus was constricted to 1.5 mm in group B and to 0.8 mm in group C. The blood pressure of the rats was measured at 0, 1, 3 and 6 months after the operation. The diameter and wall thickness of aortic arch were measured at 3 and 6 months after surgery.

Results

Compared to group A, group B showed no significant increase in blood pressure or aortic diameter after the operation. Compared to the control group, group B showed a marked increase in wall thickness at 3 and 6 months after surgery ( p < 0.05). Compared to group A, group C showed significant increases in both blood pressure ( p < 0.05) and aortic diameter ( p < 0.05) after the operation. Group C also showed a more than 50% increase in wall thickness at 3 and 6 months after surgery ( P < 0.05).

Conclusions

By constricting the aortic isthmus to 0.8 mm, a rat model of aortic arch aneurysm could be induced at 3 and 6 months after surgery.
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection in puerperium
Authors: Refaie Medhat , Alshehri Mohammed , Gallo Ricardo
Published: March 2015

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection in puerperium is uncommon and most often occurs in the third trimester of pregnancy and in the early postpartum period. Two weeks after delivery, a 41-year-old woman presented with typical retrosternal chest pain and inverted T-waves in leads II, V5 and V6, and Q-waves in aVR. Her peak troponin I level was 16.39 µgċL−1. Coronary angiography showed left main spiral dissection extending to the mid left anterior descending artery and involving the first diagonal branch. Urgent coronary artery bypass grafting was performed successfully. The mechanism and approach are discussed.
More than one in two venous thromboembolism treated in French hospitals occurs during the hospital stays
Authors: Allaert Francois-André , Benzenine Eric , Quantin Catherine
Published: March 2015

Objective

The objective was to describe the prevalence of venous thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism, and deep vein thrombosis among hospitalized patients and the percentages of those occurring during the hospital stays.

Methods

French DRG gave now the opportunity to investigate the frequency of venous thromboembolism occurring during the hospital stay. Statistics are issued from the national PMSI MCO databases encoded using the CIM10. Since 2010–2011 it is possible to differentiate the reason for hospital admission from the pathologies which secondly occurred. Any stay with the ICD-10 codes selected was considered as a hospital-occurred thrombosis unless it was the principal diagnosis of the first medical unit summary. To eliminate outpatient consultations or in day care, stays of <48 h were excluded.

Results

The results pertain to the 78,838,983 hospitalizations in France from 2005 to 2011 and on the 18,683,603 hospital stays in 2010–2011. The incidence of hospital stays came to 860,343 (1.09%) for venous thromboembolism, with 428,261 (0.543%) for deep vein thrombosis without pulmonary embolism and 432,082 (0.548%) for pulmonary embolism. It corresponds to an incidence of 189 per 100,000 inhabitants. Out of 100 hospital stays involving venous thromboembolism, for 40.3% venous thromboembolism was the cause of hospitalization whereas 59.7% can be considered to have occurred during hospital stay. These distributions are of 25.6 and 74.4% for deep vein thrombosis, respectively, 53.8 and 46.2% for pulmonary embolism.

Conclusion

The high proportion of hospital-occurred venous thromboembolism is an alarming situation that should question the quality of prevention and/or its effectiveness.
Impact of an Affective Intervention on the Friendships of Kindergarteners With Disabilities
Authors: Meyer Lori E. , Ostrosky Michaelene M.
Published: March 2015

This efficacy study investigated whether a class-wide disability awareness curriculum would result in increased close friendships for 26 kindergarteners with disabilities enrolled in six inclusive classrooms. Findings suggest that participation in a disability awareness curriculum alone does not lead to increased friendships. Evidence suggests that having a close friendship may partially mediate the relationship between children’s social competence and acceptance. These findings align with research that emphasizes the importance of individualizing class-wide programs based on children’s support needs and facilitating children’s friendship formation in kindergarten classrooms to promote peer acceptance. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Getting aesthetic chills from music: The connection between openness to experience and frisson
Authors: Colver Mitchell C. , El-Alayli Amani
Published: March 2015

Earlier research has emphasized the emotional nature of frisson (pleasurable aesthetic chills) and has suggested that the personality trait Openness to Experience may predict more frisson episodes. The present study tested these notions by administering a measure of Openness and inducing actual instances of frisson using musical stimuli. One hundred college students completed the NEO-PI-R, which assesses the five factors of personality (Openness, Extraversion, Neuroticism, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness), and then listened to five musical selections that were likely to elicit frisson. Frisson was assessed via a combined self-report and physiological (galvanic skin response) measure. As predicted, frequency of frisson was positively correlated with overall Openness to Experience, as well as five of its six subfacets: Fantasy, Aesthetics, Feelings, Ideas, and Values. Examination of the more specific relationships suggests the possibility that cognitive attentiveness to music may be more closely related to frisson than had been emphasized in past research.
An intervention to support professional driver retirement transition: Results of a pilot study for older taxi drivers in Singapore
Authors: Chan Mei Leng , Gustafsson Louise , Liddle Jacki
Published: March 2015

Introduction

Older taxi drivers in Singapore face mandatory retirement at 73 years of age, often marked by the simultaneous loss of the worker and driver roles. The Driver Retirement Program was developed as an intervention to support this transition.

Method

A pre- and post-experimental design was conducted with retired 73-year-old, male taxi drivers ( n = 15) to investigate the hypotheses: (i) the Driver Retirement Program would increase activity participation (e.g. time use) and wellbeing (e.g. mood) outcomes at immediate post-intervention and (ii) maintain these changes at 3 months’ follow-up. Non-parametric tests were used to compare changes between (i) pre- and post-intervention and (ii) 3 months follow-up to post-intervention. Participants’ feedback on the Driver Retirement Program was obtained using a semi-structured questionnaire.

Results

The Driver Retirement Program significantly improved mood, self-efficacy and satisfaction with individualised goals at post-intervention and maintained these changes at 3 months’ follow-up. A significant decrease in time spent alone was found at follow-up compared with post-intervention. Participants rated high satisfaction with the Driver Retirement Program but also recommended a shorter programme without compulsory group sessions.

Conclusion

The Driver Retirement Program was useful to support some aspects of work and driver retirement transition. Further work to enhance sensitivity to cultural and gender issues is indicated.
Multimodal manual therapy vs. pharmacological care for management of tension type headache: A meta-analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Mesa-Jiménez Juan A , Lozano-López Cristina , Angulo-Díaz-Parreño Santiago , Rodríguez-Fernández Ángel L , De-la-Hoz-Aizpurua Jose L , Fernández-de-las-Peñas Cesar
Published: March 2015

Background

Manual therapies are generally requested by patients with tension type headache.

Objective

To compare the efficacy of multimodal manual therapy vs. pharmacological care for the management of tension type headache pain by conducting a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Methods

PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED, CINAHL, EBSCO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Collaboration Trials Register, PEDro and SCOPUS were searched from their inception until June 2014. All randomized controlled trials comparing any manual therapy vs. medication care for treating tension type headache adults were included. Data were extracted and methodological quality assessed independently by two reviewers. We pooled headache frequency as the main outcome and also intensity and duration. The weighted mean difference between manual therapy and pharmacological care was used to determine effect sizes.

Results

Five randomized controlled trials met our inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled analyses found that manual therapies were more effective than pharmacological care in reducing frequency (weighted mean difference –0.8036, 95% confidence interval –1.66 to –0.44; three trials), intensity (weighted mean difference –0.5974, 95% confidence interval –0.8875 to –0.3073; five trials) and duration (weighted mean difference –0.5558, 95% confidence interval –0.9124 to –0.1992; three trials) of the headache immediately after treatment. No differences were found at longer follow-up for headache intensity (weighted mean difference –0.3498, 95% confidence interval –1.106 to 0.407; three trials).

Conclusion

Manual therapies were associated with moderate effectiveness at short term, but similar effectiveness at longer follow-up for reducing headache frequency, intensity and duration in tension type headache than pharmacological medical drug care. However, due to the heterogeneity of the interventions, these results should be considered with caution at this stage.
The Conceptualization and Representations of Adolescence in Vietnamese Media during the “Reform Era” of Vietnam (1986–1995)
Authors: Nguyen Huong
Published: March 2015

The purpose of this article is to explore the conceptualization and representations of adolescence in the Vietnamese media during the Reform era (1986–1995). Analyzing newspapers targeting adolescents, I argue that the Reform era marked a departure from the conceptualization and representation of Vietnamese adolescents as miniature communists, which dominated the media in pre-Reform decades. It also marked the emergence and convergence of Vietnamese adolescence into a global adolescent sensibility, which emphasizes identity search and mood swings. Factors contributing to these conceptual changes include the adoption of a market economy, a new high school system, and family planning policies.
Placement of Double Tunnels in ACL Reconstruction Using Bony Landmarks Versus Existing Footprint Remnant
Authors: Lu Wei , Wang Daping , Zhu Weiming , Li Dingfu , Ouyang Kan , Peng Liangquan , Feng Wenzhe , Li Hao
Published: March 2015

Background:

The outcomes of double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (DB-ACLR) are becoming controversial. One of the main reasons for the controversy is the techniques for bone tunnel placement. The common technique to place the bone tunnels is to use bony landmarks, while a new approach uses footprint remnants.

Purpose:

To investigate if placement of double tunnels using bony landmarks produces the same clinical results as that of using existing footprint remnants.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

A total of 72 male patients were randomly divided into 2 groups of 36 patients each: (A) DB-ACLR tunnel placement using the footprint remnant procedure (EF group) and (B) DB-ACLR tunnel placement using the bony landmark procedure (BL group). All patients were evaluated before and after surgery. Outcomes were measured by KT-2000 arthrometer side-to-side difference, pivot-shift test, and Tegner, Lysholm, and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores. Second-look arthroscopic evaluations were performed in 59 cases (28 and 31 cases in the EF and BL groups, respectively).

Results:

The mean follow-up time was 36.9 ± 4.8 months. Postoperative 3-dimensional computed tomography scans showed that bone sockets were variable on both femoral and tibial sides in the EF group and almost consistent in the BL group. All of the evaluation indexes were significantly improved postoperatively in both groups. There were no revision cases in the EF group and 2 in the BL group. The EF group showed a faster range of motion (ROM) recovery (at 0° to 120°) than did the BL group. At final follow-up, there was no significant difference between the EF and BL groups in Tegner score (5.88 ± 1.39 vs 5.16 ± 1.76; P = .058) or pivot-shift test (34 vs 32; P = .067). The EF group had a larger proportion of patients with IKDC grade A (normal) (33 vs 24; P < .020), smaller side-to-side difference (0.68 ± 0.38 mm vs 1.23 ± 0.61 mm; P < .001), higher Lysholm score (91.29 ± 4.90 vs 88.71 ± 5.09; P = .032), and better second-look arthroscopic evaluations for graft quality in the anteromedial ( P = .034), posterolateral ( P = .015), and combined bundles ( P = .029) compared with the BL group.

Conclusion:

Although both techniques provided satisfactory clinical results, DB-ACLR using the existing footprint remnant for tunnel placement showed better functional results with respect to faster ROM recovery, higher subjective outcome scores, and better arthroscopic second-look with no revision cases.
Patellar Instability Factors in Isolated Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstructions—What Does the Literature Tell Us?
Authors: Tompkins Marc A. , Arendt Elizabeth A.
Published: March 2015

Background:

Many studies have demonstrated good results after medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction for patients with patellar instability. The applicability of published studies to the clinical decision-making process for the individual patient with patellar instability, however, is not well elucidated.

Hypothesis:

There is inconsistency in the reporting of preoperative and postoperative variables, which limits the applicability of current studies to patients with patellar instability.

Study Design:

Systematic review.

Methods:

A systematic review of the literature was conducted using the search term medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction to identify studies with cohorts of patients with isolated MPFL reconstruction. A combination of inclusion and exclusion criteria resulted in 24 studies being reviewed for a variety of preoperative demographics, physical examination findings, and imaging findings, as well as postoperative outcomes, including redislocation and responses to subjective questionnaires.

Results:

A physical examination of lateral patellar translation was reported in 42% of studies, by reporting an apprehension sign (n = 9), reporting quadrant translation (n = 7), or both. For patellar instability factors on imaging, patellar height was reported as a preoperative variable in 75% of studies, and trochlear dysplasia was reported in 83% of studies. The tibial tubercle–trochlear groove distance was reported as a preoperative variable in 42% of studies. The rate of redislocation after index surgery was reported in 92% of studies. Patient-related outcome measures were reported in all of the studies; the Kujala score was the most common. A homogeneous population was selected as part of the authors’ surgical indications for “isolated” MPFL in 67% of studies, and a heterogeneous population was selected in 33% of studies.

Conclusion:

Current literature on MPFL reconstruction contains diverse methods of recording preoperative and postoperative variables. Most studies report on a homogeneous population, with inconsistent applicability to the broad spectrum of patients with patellar instability. Outcomes reporting in our current literature needs more clarity and consistency regarding reporting methodology to be of value for the treating clinician.
Bone Fragment Union and Remodeling After Arthroscopic Bony Bankart Repair for Traumatic Anterior Shoulder Instability With a Glenoid Defect
Authors: Nakagawa Shigeto , Ozaki Ritsuro , Take Yasuhiro , Mae Tatsuo , Hayashida Kenji
Published: March 2015

Background:

Although good clinical outcomes have been reported after arthroscopic bony Bankart repair, the extent of bone union is still unclear.

Purpose:

To investigate bone union after arthroscopic bony Bankart repair and its influence on postoperative recurrence of instability.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Among 113 consecutive shoulders that underwent arthroscopic bony Bankart repair, postoperative evaluation of bone union by computed tomography (CT) was performed at various times in 81 shoulders. Bone union was investigated during 3 periods: 3 to 6 months postoperatively (first period), 7 to 12 months postoperatively (second period), and 13 months or more postoperatively (third period). The influence of the size of the preoperative glenoid defect and the size of the bone fragment on bone union was investigated, as well as the influence of bone union on postoperative recurrence of instability. In shoulders with bone union, bone fragment remodeling and changes in the glenoid defect size were also investigated.

Results:

The bone union rate was 30.5% in the first period, 55.3% in the second period, and 84.6% in the third period. Among 53 shoulders with CT evaluation in the second period or later and follow-up for a minimum of 1 year, there was complete union in 33 shoulders (62.3%), partial union in 3 (5.7%), nonunion in 8 (15.1%), and no fragment on CT in 9 (17.0%). The complete union rate was 50% for 22 shoulders with small bone fragments (<5% of the glenoid diameter), 56.3% for 16 shoulders with medium fragments (5%-10%), and 86.7% for 15 shoulders with large fragments (>10%). The recurrence rate for postoperative instability was only 6.1% for shoulders with complete union, while it was 50% for shoulders with partial union, nonunion, no fragment, and no fragment on CT. The recurrence rate was significantly higher (36.4%) in shoulders with small fragments, but it was significantly lower in shoulders with bone union. In shoulders with bone union, the bone fragment frequently became larger over time, while the size of the glenoid defect decreased significantly from 18.6% preoperatively to 4.7% postoperatively.

Conclusion:

Bone union was not always achieved after arthroscopic bony Bankart repair, and union was often delayed. Recurrence of instability was significantly more frequent when bone union failed. The size of the glenoid defect decreased significantly in shoulders with bone union.
Identifying Sex-Specific Risk Factors for Low Bone Mineral Density in Adolescent Runners
Authors: Tenforde Adam Sebastian , Fredericson Michael , Sayres Lauren Carter , Cutti Phil , Sainani Kristin Lynn
Published: March 2015

Background:

Adolescent runners may be at risk for low bone mineral density (BMD) associated with sports participation. Few prior investigations have evaluated bone health in young runners, particularly males.

Purpose:

To characterize sex-specific risk factors for low BMD in adolescent runners.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Training characteristics, fracture history, eating behaviors and attitudes, and menstrual history were measured using online questionnaires. A food frequency questionnaire was used to identify dietary patterns and measure calcium intake. Runners (female: n = 94, male: n = 42) completed dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to measure lumbar spine (LS) and total body less head (TBLH) BMD and body composition values, including android-to-gynoid (A:G) fat mass ratio. The BMD was standardized to Z-scores using age, sex, and race/ethnicity reference values. Questionnaire values were combined with DXA values to determine risk factors associated with differences in BMD Z-scores in LS and TBLH and low bone mass (defined as BMD Z-score ≤–1).

Results:

In multivariable analyses, risk factors for lower LS BMD Z-scores in girls included lower A:G ratio, being shorter, and the combination of (interaction between) current menstrual irregularity and a history of fracture (all P < .01). Later age of menarche, lower A:G ratio, lower lean mass, and drinking less milk were associated with lower TBLH BMD Z-scores ( P < .01). In boys, lower body mass index (BMI) Z-scores and the belief that being thinner improves performance were associated with lower LS and TBLH BMD Z-scores (all P < .05); lower A:G ratio was additionally associated with lower TBLH Z-scores ( P < .01). Thirteen girls (14%) and 9 boys (21%) had low bone mass. Girls with a BMI ≤17.5 kg/m2 or both menstrual irregularity and a history of fracture were significantly more likely to have low bone mass. Boys with a BMI ≤17.5 kg/m2 and belief that thinness improves performance were significantly more likely to have low bone mass.

Conclusion:

This study identified sex-specific risk factors for impaired bone mass in adolescent runners. These risk factors can be helpful to guide sports medicine professionals in evaluation and management of young runners at risk for impaired bone health.
No Association Between Fibrosis on Magnetic Resonance Imaging at Return to Play and Hamstring Reinjury Risk
Authors: Reurink Gustaaf , Almusa Emad , Goudswaard Gert Jan , Tol Johannes L. , Hamilton Bruce , Moen Maarten H. , Weir Adam , Verhaar Jan A.N. , Maas Mario
Published: March 2015

Background:

Connective tissue scar (fibrosis) is a common finding on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after recovery from acute hamstring injuries. Fibrosis has been suggested as a predisposing factor for reinjury, but evidence from clinical studies is lacking.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The aim of this study was to examine the association between the presence of fibrosis on MRI at return to play after an acute hamstring injury and the risk of reinjury. The hypothesis was that fibrous tissue on MRI was associated with an increased reinjury risk.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Magnetic resonance images were obtained from 108 consecutive athletes with modified Peetrons classification grade 1 or 2 hamstring injuries within 5 days of injury and within 7 days of return to play. The presence and extent of abnormally low signal intensity in the intramuscular tissue on MRI, suggestive of fibrosis, were assessed on both T1- and T2-weighted images. Reinjuries were recorded over a 1-year follow-up period. The association between fibrosis and reinjury risk was analyzed with a Cox proportional hazards model.

Results:

The MRIs of the initial injury showed 45 (43%) grade 1 and 63 (57%) grade 2 injuries. Median time of return to play was 30 days (interquartile range [IQR], 22-42 days). At return to play, 41 athletes (38%) had fibrosis on MRI with a median longitudinal length of 5.8 cm (IQR, 3.3-12.5 cm) and a median volume of 1.5 cm3 (IQR, 1.5-3.9 cm3). In athletes with fibrosis, 24% (10/41) sustained a reinjury, and in the subjects without fibrosis, 24% (16/67) had a reinjury, resulting in a hazard ratio of 0.95 (95% CI, 0.43-2.1; P = .898).

Conclusion:

Fibrosis is commonly seen on MRI at return to play after grade 1 or 2 hamstring injuries but is not associated with reinjury risk.
Workplace Matters
Authors: Mun Eunmi , Brinton Mary C.
Published: March 2015

Policies to render employment and family more compatible have been adopted in many postindustrial countries. But the organizational contexts that facilitate or hinder employees' policy usage have been underexamined. This article addresses this gap by analyzing the organizational conditions associated with greater use of parental leave policy in the workplace. The authors draw on organizational data from contemporary Japan, a setting that epitomizes norms of the ideal worker and intensive parenting that are increasingly highlighted in studies of work–family conflict in the United States. Analyzing panel data on more than 500 large Japanese companies from 2001 to 2009, the authors find greater utilization of parental leave policies in firms that have a higher representation of women in managerial positions and that include human resource executives on the corporate board. Usage does not increase, however, in firms that offer parental leave that is longer than legally mandated. These results highlight the importance of key features of the organizational context in enhancing employees' use of parental leave policy.
Melt processing and property testing of a model system of plastics contained in waste from electrical and electronic equipment
Authors: Triantou Marianna I , Tarantili Petroula A , Andreopoulos Andreas G
Published: March 2015

In the present research, blending of polymers used in electrical and electronic equipment, i.e. acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene terpolymer, polycarbonate and polypropylene, was performed in a twin-screw extruder, in order to explore the effect process parameters on the mixture properties, in an attempt to determine some characteristics of a fast and economical procedure for waste management. The addition of polycarbonate in acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene terpolymer seemed to increase its thermal stability. Also, the addition of polypropylene in acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene terpolymer facilitates its melt processing, whereas the addition of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene terpolymer in polypropylene improves its mechanical performance. Moreover, the upgrading of the above blends by incorporating 2 phr organically modified montmorillonite was investigated. The prepared nanocomposites exhibit greater tensile strength, elastic modulus and storage modulus, as well as higher melt viscosity, compared with the unreinforced blends. The incorporation of montmorillonite nanoplatelets in polycarbonate-rich acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene terpolymer/polycarbonate blends turns the thermal degradation mechanism into a two-stage process. Alternatively to mechanical recycling, the energy recovery from the combustion of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene terpolymer/polycarbonate and acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene terpolymer/polypropylene blends was recorded by measuring the gross calorific value. Comparing the investigated polymers, polypropylene presents the higher gross calorific value, followed by acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene terpolymer and then polycarbonate. The above study allows a rough comparative evaluation of various methodologies for treating plastics from waste from electrical and electronic equipment.
Metrics and Design Tool for Building and Evaluating Probability-Based Online Panels
Authors: DiSogra Charles , Callegaro Mario
Published: March 2015

Probability-based online panels are beginning to replace traditional survey modes for existing established surveys in Europe and the United States. In light of this, current standards for panel response rate calculations are herein reviewed. To populate these panels cost-effectively, more diverse recruitment methods, such as, mail, telephone, and recruitment modules added to existing surveys are being used, either alone or in combinations. This results in panel member cohorts from different modes complicating panel response rate calculations. Also, as a panel ages with inevitable attrition, multiple cohorts result from panel refreshment and growth strategies. Formulas are presented to illustrate how to handle multiple cohorts for panel metrics. Additionally, drawing on relevant metrics used for a panel response rate, we further demonstrate a computational tool to assist planners in building a probability-based panel. This provides a means to estimate the recruitment effort required to build a panel of a predetermined size.
Pilot Study
Authors: Falsafi Nasrin , Leopard Louisa
Published: March 2015

Purpose: This pilot study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness practices, including self-compassion and yoga, on depression and/or anxiety in uninsured and/or low-income patients. Design: The design was repeated measures with one group. Method: Patients received 8 weeks of mindfulness training including self-compassion and yoga. Depression and anxiety symptoms, self-compassion, and psychological well-being were measured four times. Findings: Interventions were effective in helping uninsured and low-income patients reduce depression and/or anxiety symptoms. Conclusion: This study may have implications for a cost-effective treatment for these disorders. The findings from this study can provide useful information to health care providers.
Establishing the Psychometric Properties of the Comprehensive Ethos Towards Wellness Questionnaire in a Norwegian Population
Authors: Fridlund Bengt , Mårtensson Jan , Baigi Amir , Broström Anders
Published: March 2015

Aim: to replicate and establish the psychometric properties of the 74-item comprehensive Ethos Towards Wellness Questionnaire in a healthy Norwegian population in terms of content and construct validity as well as homogeneity and stability reliability. Method: A questionnaire with a methodological and developmental design was sent on two occasions to 214 healthy middle-aged participants and processed in two phases. Results: The three life context and the ethos indexes at ordinal scale level showed an overall satisfactory construct validity (communalities > 0.30, factor loadings > 0.30, and factor total variance > 50%). On two occasions 4 weeks apart, reliability in terms of homogeneity (Cronbach’s α > .70) and stability (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.70) were also considered satisfactory for the same four indexes. Conclusions: This newly developed and possibly only questionnaire that focuses on “grasping the big human picture,” based on both philosophical reasoning and empirical recommendations of wellness, was found to be valid and reliable in the screening and follow-up of wellness and ethos in a healthy Norwegian population.
Migrant workers and the north of Ireland: between neo-liberalism and sectarianism
Authors: Garvey Brian , Stewart Paul
Published: March 2015

In 1998, the north of Ireland emerged from a protracted civil insurgency sustained by a socio-political infrastructure comprising an expanded Keynesian welfare state and a developing neo-liberal economy. This provided the context for significant migration to the North after 2004. While research highlights migrant experiences not dissimilar to those in other parts of the UK and Ireland after 2004 it also suggests that a number of reported experiences result from the reproduction of one aspect of a new sectarian dispensation. Traditional sectarianism, while typically sustaining differential access to labour markets and other resources according to socio-economic advantage, was remade in the 1998 ‘peace-settlement’: a new sectarianism was institutionalized. While not impacting on all migrants, neo-sectarianism now encounters neo-liberalism, the out-workings of which do impact on many. Moreover, experiences of some reveal important and so far unreported features of an accommodation between agent-beneficiaries of the ‘peace-settlement’ and neo-liberalism.
‘For this I was made’: conflict and calling in the role of a woman priest
Authors: Madden Adrian , Bailey Catherine , Kerr Reverend Canon Jean
Published: March 2015

There has been an increasing focus on ‘work as calling’ in recent years, but relatively few empirical sociological accounts that shed light on the experience of performing calling work. Although callings have generally been referred to as positive and fulfilling to the individual and as beneficial to society, researchers have also suggested there is a ‘dark side’ to calling, and have drawn attention to the potential conflicts and tensions inherent in the pursuit of calling, especially for women. This article explores these themes through the first-hand experiences of one woman who felt called to work as a priest. Her narrative illustrates how callings draw the individual irresistibly towards a particular line of work. It also shows how calling work can be both satisfying individually and beneficial to the wider community but, at the same time, involves sacrifice, compromise and a willingness to defer personal rewards.
The (performance) management of retirement and the limits of individual choice
Authors: Beck Vanessa , Williams Glynne
Published: March 2015

The removal of the default retirement age in the UK has been broadly welcomed as the disposal of an age-discriminatory measure. It is argued here that a focus on formal equality has been at the expense of a more critical analysis of the employment relations consequences. The central role given to performance measurement allows employers considerable discretion over when employees retire and the scope for bargained outcomes in the new regime is limited. This may be to the detriment of older workers and will have implications for the workforce as a whole. Equality, in other words, may come at the expense of a broader conception of fairness.
The dynamics of union responses to migrant workers in Canada
Authors: Foster Jason , Taylor Alison , Khan Candy
Published: March 2015

This study examines how five unions in the Canadian province of Alberta responded to a sudden influx of temporary foreign workers (TFWs), as part of Canadian employers’ increased use of migrant workers in the mid-2000s. The authors find three types of response to the new TFW members: resistive, facilitative and active. Furthermore, these responses were dynamic and changing over time. The different responses are best explained not by the unions’ institutional context, but by internal factors shaping each union’s response. Drawing upon the concept of referential unionisms, the study explores how unions’ self-identity shapes their responses to new challenges such as the influx of migrant workers.