bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alcohol and Condomless Insertive Anal Intercourse Among Black/Latino Sexual-Minority Male Non-PrEP Users
Authors: Washington Thomas Alex , Brocato Jo , Applewhite Sheldon , Dyson Yarneccia D. , Ramos Angel
Published: April 2021

Objective

This study examined factors associated with alcohol use and condomlessinsertive anal sex among a sample of BLMSM (N = 188), self-identified as HIV- negative, ages 18–40. The influence of alcohol use on sexual positioning during condomless anal intercourse among Black and Latino men who have sex with men (BLMSM) warrants research attention because of the pervasive misinformation regarding the risk of HIV transmission and the disproportionate impact of the HIV epidemic for this population.

Methods

Self-report survey questionnaires were administered in real time at bars/clubs; public organized events; local colleges/universities; social media advertisements; private men's groups; and organized events in Los Angeles County.

Results

Logistic regression predicted those reporting risky sex when using alcohol were seven times more likely to report condomless insertive anal sex.

Conclusion

Clear messaging about alcohol moderation, dispelling the myths about strategic positioning, and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use among HIV negative BLMSM could potentially reduce HIV acquisition/transmission.
Ayat al-Qur’an dan Lirik Lagu Sufistik (Studi Intertekstual atas Album Bintang Lima Dewa 19)
Authors: Bukhory Umar
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this manuscript is to browse the Qur'anic verses, which are positioned as a hipogram in the lyrics of “Bintang Lima”, Dewa 19’s album and the intertextuality pattern that occurs between the Qur'anic verses as a hipogram and the lyrics of “Bintang Lima” album as a transformation. The intertextual approach is used to evaluate which pattern is more used by the author of the transformation in ordering the lyrics of the song on the album. Of the twelve sentences in song lyrics on the “Bintang Lima” album, there are six sentences used exerp pattern, three sentences used modification pattern, one sentence used expansion pattern and two sentences used conversion pattern. The exerp patterns are more commonly used, as they are the simplest intertextual patterns and at the same time, giving way to the music fans of “Dewa 19” to understand sufistic messages in an easy way, so the accusations of carrying a Jewish mission (using Illuminati symbols). or theosofi and freemason understandings about this music group can be reconsidered.
Cien años de cultura y letras en Excélsior
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Viveros Anaya Luz América
Published: April 2021

El libro presenta el recorrido sobre algunos de los personajes, de los momentos y de los fenómenos discursivos que a lo largo de una centuria han dado identidad a la labor periodística, cultural y artística del diario Excélsior y sus publicaciones asociadas. Se ha buscado hacer patente la importancia de comprender la prensa en una amplia dimensión, como un espacio cuya naturaleza múltiple y polifónica permite el cruce y la transacción de estrategias y sentidos que darían lugar a empresas periodísticas y artísticas que han marcado el devenir cultural de México.
Del “eterno ahora” a las evocaciones del ayer: desarrollo de los géneros de la memoria en Excélsior (1920-1940)
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Bibliográficas, Gómez Rodríguez Irma Elizabeth
Published: April 2021

Este capítulo lleva a cabo un estudio sobre “Panorama mexicano”, programa autofigurativo de la autoría de Ciro B. Ceballos, a manera de ejemplo representativo de la evolución de las narrativas del yo en la prensa mexicana, atendiendo tanto los principios y rasgos caracterizadores de este tipo de discursividad como a la relación que dichos elementos establecerían, generalmente de manera problemática, con el contexto noticioso en el que este fenómeno se producía.
Cien años de humor gráfico en el Excélsior
Authors: López García Beatriz
Published: April 2021

En este capítulo los autores ofrecen un recorrido por los terrenos de la gráfica periodística. En el panorama que dibujan, se hace patente que este diario ha sido la casa de innumerables artistas del pincel, quienes durante cien años no sólo han trazado múltiples visiones del México del siglo pasado, sino que han creado una escuela y una identidad inigualable en el panorama nacional de las publicaciones impresas.
Jorge Ibargüengoitia y la Revolución Mexicana en las páginas del Excélsior
Authors:   Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México, Torres de la Rosa Danaé
Published: April 2021

En este capítulo la autora focaliza su análisis en los textos publicados por este autor en las columnas del diario, en las cuales expresó siempre una actitud escéptica respecto de los gobiernos emanados del partido oficial de la Revolución: el PRI. La autora señala que este escritor, en su faceta de cronista del acontecer nacional y con el uso de la mordaz ironía que lo caracterizó, llevó a cabo una importante revisión del devenir de una época. No sólo se subraya la importancia de los textos periodísticos como fuentes para la reconstrucción de etapas del desarrollo del país, sino también como piezas que, sobrepasando la etiqueta de géneros menores, muestran que la obra de Ibargüengoitia es mucho más compleja y extensa de lo que se cree.
Uma história da sexualidade burguesa ou a “testemunha” que não queria ver
Authors: Azeredo Sandra
Published: April 2021

Publicada na Áustria em 2000, a biografia de Sidonie Csillag, uma mulher centenária, nascida em 1900 em Viena, tendo lá permanecido até 1940, me interessou, sobretudo, por se tratar de uma paciente de Freud, sobre quem ele publicou um estudo de caso em 1920, buscando entender a “origem e desenvolvimento” da homossexualidade em mulheres. 2As autoras, Ines Rieder e Diana Voigt, são conterrâneas de Sidonie, nome que, conforme escrevem no prefácio, inventaram para “a personagem” dessa “trama”, que é uma “história verdadeira”, obtida através da transcrição de várias horas de conversa gravadas e uma extensa documentação. Rieder é escritora e Voigt é psicóloga e, bem no final da trama do livro, elas aparecem como personagens que são as “duas jovens amigas” de Sidonie, a quem ela contava sua história. O prefácio aponta a falta da “vida e a experiência homossexuais” na imensa literatura produzida sobre a Viena do fin de siècle, sugerindo que o livro possa suprir essa falta.
RISK FACTORS IN PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS TREATMENT FAILURE
Authors: Nugrahaeni Dyan Kunthi , Rosmalaningrum Lala
Published: April 2021

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a global health problem and has become the leading cause of death. Tuberculosis eradication is inhibited due to the tendency of patients to not complete the TB treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge, nutritional status, oral medication adherence, and family support as risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis treatment failure. The design of this study is that of case-control, and this study involved samples of pulmonary TB patients who were declared not cured after treatment (14 people), and control samples of pulmonary TB patients who were declared cured (28 people). The data were obtained through measurements of nutritional status and interviews, while treatment failure was based on data from the TB 01 form. Data was analysed using univariable and bivariable analyses, and the magnitude of risk factors was based on the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The results showed that the factors associated with failure of pulmonary TB treatment are knowledge (p = 0.022; OR = 6.6; 95% CI = 1.48 - 29.36), nutritional status (p = 0.005; OR = 9.16; 95% CI = 2.11 - 39.85), and medication adherence (p = 0.003; OR =11.0; 95% CI = 2.37 - 54.14), whereas the unrelated factor is family support (p = 0.47). It is recommended to provide counselling, nutritional guidance, medication assistance, and family support to patients during the treatment period for pulmonary tuberculosis.                                                                                                                        Keywords: treatment failure, knowledge, nutritional status, compliance
Plasmodium falciparum Breath Metabolomics (Breathomics) Analysis as a Non-Invasive Practical Method to Diagnose Malaria in Pediatric
Authors: Ivan Ignatius , Ivan Ignatius , Stella Maureen Miracle , Stella Maureen Miracle , Tandarto Kevin , Tandarto Kevin , Budiman Fanny , Budiman Fanny , Joprang Freggy Spicano , Joprang Freggy Spicano
Published: April 2021

Children under 5 years of age are particularly vulnerable to malaria. Malaria has caused 445,000 deaths worldwide. Currently, rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are the fastest method to diagnose malaria. However, there are limitations that exist such as low sensitivity in detecting infections with low parasitemia. Practical, non-invasive and high ability tests to detect parasite are needed to find specific biomarkers for P. falciparum infection to determine the potential of P. falciparum 4 thioether in breathomics analysis by GC-MS as a practical non-invasive method in diagnosing malaria in pediatrics. Literature reviews from Google Scholar and ProQuest were published no later than the last 5 years. The concept of breathomics is that the breath’s volatile organic compounds (VOCs) profile is altered when the health condition changes. Breath samples from individuals infected with P. falciparum malaria were taken by exhalation. Through GC-MS analysis, it was found that 4 thioether compounds (allyl methyl sulfide (AMS), 1-methylthio-propane, (Z) -1-methylthio-1-propene and (E) -1-methylthio-1-propene) underwent a significant change in concentration during the infection. Based on experiments conducted on mice and humans, the breathomics method is known to be able to detect parasitemia levels up to <100 parasites/µL, has a sensitivity level of about 71% to 91% and a specificity of about 75% to 94%. The discovery of 4 thioether compounds by GC-MS is a strong indication of malaria, because it has the potential for high sensitivity and specificity, and the detection power exceeds the ability of RDTs.
Family’s Role in Helping Drug Abuser Recovery Process
Authors: Sari Devy Mulia , Fatah Mohammad Zainal , Nurmala Ira
Published: April 2021

Background: The National Narcotics Board or Badan Narkotika Nasional (BNN) survey results found the prevalence of drug abuse in 2015 amount 42,900 people, and an increase of 20.84% in 2016, which amounted to 51,840 people. As a result of drug abuse, drug abusers often experience health problems both physically and mentally due to the influence of drugs or the environment that makes drug abusers depressed. One of the health treatments for drug abusers that can be done to motivate drug abusers is to provide family support. The family is a source of social support because, in family relationships, mutual trust is created. Objective: This research was conducted to determine how the family’s role based on Kroenke helped to recover the health of drug abusers from deciding to stop drug abuse. The government can later consider this research’s benefits in creating a family-based drug abuse prevention and recovery program. Methods: This study uses a review of international articles. The articles used are twenty articles published in the last ten years. Result: Research shows that the family’s role in helping recovering drug users’ health drug users’ health is different but still has the same goal. Support provided is based on the cause of individuals to commit drug abuse. Support could be provided in the form of assessment support, instrumental, informational, and social. A good family role’s functioning makes the recovery process more effective because an addict will feel motivated by their support. Conclusion: The research conducted that the family’s role is essential for the recovery of the health of drug addicts, providing a stimulus for change to stop drug abuse. The family’s ability and function in explaining the addict’s self-control varies according to how the response and the intensity of family support provided to the addict.
To Know Them, Remove Them: An Outer Methodological Approach to Biophysics and Humanities
Authors: Tozzi Arturo
Published: April 2021

Set theory faces two difficulties: formal definitions of sets/subsets are incapable of assessing biophysical issues; formal axiomatic systems are complete/inconsistent or incomplete/consistent. To overtake these problems reminiscent of the old-fashioned principle of individuation, we provide formal treatment/validation/operationalization of a methodological weapon termed “outer approach” (OA). The observer’s attention shifts from the system under evaluation to its surroundings, so that objects are investigated from outside. Subsets become just “holes” devoid of information inside larger sets. Sets are no longer passive containers, rather active structures enabling their content’s examination. Consequences/applications of OA include: a) operationalization of paraconsistent logics, anticipated by unexpected forerunners, in terms of advanced truth theories of natural language, anthropic principle and quantum dynamics; b) assessment of embryonic craniocaudal migration in terms of Turing’s spots; c) evaluation of hominids’ social behaviors in terms of evolutionary modifications of facial expression’s musculature; d) treatment of cortical action potentials in terms of collective movements of extracellular currents, leaving apart what happens inside the neurons; e) a critique of Shannon’s information in terms of the Arabic thinkers’ active/potential intellects. Also, OA provides an outer view of a) humanistic issues such as the enigmatic Celestino of Verona’s letter, Dante Alighieri’s “Hell” and the puzzling Voynich manuscript; b) historical issues such as Aldo Moro’s death and the Liston/Clay boxing fight. Summarizing, the safest methodology to quantify phenomena is to remove them from our observation and tackle an outer view, since mathematical/logical issues such as selective information deletion and set complement rescue incompleteness/inconsistency of biophysical systems.
A Direct Approach for the Lindelöf Conjecture Related to Theory of the Riemann Zeta Function
Authors: Yang Xiao-Jun
Published: April 2021

It is due to Littlewood that the truth of the Riemann theorem implies that of the Lindel\"{o}f conjecture. This paper aims to use the idea of Littlewood to prove the Lindel\"{o}f conjecture for the Riemann zeta function. The Lindel\"{o}f $\mu $ function at the critical line is zero, with use of the Riemann theorem for the entire Riemann zeta function, proved based on the work of Heath-Brown. Our result is given to show that the Lindel\"{o}f conjecture, connected with the proof of the moment conjecture, is true.
Acceptability of Vaccination Against COVID-19 Among Selected Residents of the Cities of Caloocan, Malabon, and Navotas, Philippines
Authors: Bautista Jr. Angelito Palma , Bleza Doris Gelvoligaya , Balibrea Dianne Morta , Equiza Cynthia
Published: April 2021

With COVID-19 vaccines slowly being rolled out in many countries, it is important to understand the public’s acceptance of being vaccinated. This study aims to study the willingness and motivations among residents of the cities of Caloocan, Malabon, and Navotas, Philippines to be vaccinated against COVID-19. Based on an online survey of 137 respondents, who willingly participated in the study, 71% will take a COVID-19 vaccine if it becomes available, with similar rates among respondents from Caloocan (82%), Malabon (83 %), and Navotas (81%). If a vaccine is proven safe and effective, more respondents (82%) will take a COVID-19 vaccine. Furthermore, safety against COVID-19 as well as the safety and effectiveness of vaccines are the primary factors why respondents are willing or unwilling to get a vaccine. The results highlight the need for effective messaging that promotes COVID-19 vaccination, with emphasis on the safety and effectiveness of the vaccine, and its benefits to the public, especially that the vaccines that will be delivered in the country in the next few months are not the most preferred brands by the respondents.
Action of Carvacrol on Parascaris sp. and Antagonistic Effect on Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors
Authors: Trailovic Sasa M. , Rajkovic Milan , Marjanovic Djordje S. , Neveu Cédric , Charvet Claude L.
Published: April 2021

Parascaris sp. is the only ascarid parasitic nematode in equids and one of the most threatening infectious organisms in horses. Only a limited number of compounds are available for treatment of horse helminthiasis and Parascaris sp. worms have developed resistance to the three major anthelmintic families. In order to overcome the appearance of resistance, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic strategies. The active ingredients of herbal essential oils are potentially effective antiparasitic drugs. Carvacrol is one of the principal chemicals of essential oil from Origanum, Thymus, Coridothymus, Thymbra, Satureja and Lippia herbs. However, the antiparasitic mode of action of carvacrol is poorly understood so far. Here, the objective of the work was to characterize the activity of carvacrol on Parascaris sp. nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) function both in vivo with the use of worm neuro-muscular flap preparations and in vitro with two-electrode voltage-clamp electrophysiology on nAChRs expressed in Xenopus oocytes. We have developed a neuromuscular contraction assay on Parascaris body flaps and obtained acetylcholine concentration-dependent contraction responses. Strikingly, we observed that 300 µM carvacrol fully and irreversibly abolished Parascaris sp. muscle contractions elicited by acetylcholine. Conversely, carvacrol antagonized acetylcholine-induced currents from both the nicotine-sensitive AChR and the morantel-sensitive AChR subtypes. Thus, we show for the first time that the body muscle flap preparation is a tractable approach to investigate the pharmacology of Parascaris sp. neuro-muscular system. Our results suggest an intriguing mode of action for carvacrol being a potent antagonist of muscle nAChRs of Parascaris sp. worms which may account for its antiparasitic potency.
FENOMENA PERUBAHAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN PERTANIAN MENJADI PERUMAHAN: STUDI KASUS KAWASAN PERI-URBAN KECAMATAN COLOMADU
Authors: Pradana Aditya Chrisma , Soedwiwahjono Soedwiwahjono , Nurhadi Kuswanto
Published: April 2021

Kecamatan Colomadu, Kabupaten Karanganyar merupakan salah satu kawasan pinggiran atau peri urban dari Kota Surakarta. Laju pertumbuhan penduduk Kota Surakarta yang selalu meningkat mengakibatkan pemenuhan kebutuhan termpat tinggal merambat ke kawasan pinggiran kota contohnya di Kecamatan Colomadu. Kecamatan Colomadu mengalami perkembangan yang cukup pesat terutama dari segi fisik kota. Menurut data Badan Pusat Statistik (2013, 2018), Kecamatan Colomadu mengalami penurunan luas penggunaan lahan pertanian sebesar 62,52 Ha antara tahun 2012 hingga 2017. Lalu pada tahun 2012, luas lahan pertanian di Provinsi Jawa Tengah berkurang seluas 300.000 Ha akibat alih fungsi lahan dan Kecamatan Colomadu mengalami alih fungsi lahan tertinggi di Kabupaten Karanganyar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami proses perubahan penggunaan lahan pertanian menjadi perumahan di kawasan peri urban Kecamatan Colomadu. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deduktif serta teknik analisis statistik deskriptif. Penilaian setiap jawaban dari responden dihitung menggunakan rumus deskriptif persentase. Data dalam penelitian diperoleh melalui wawancara kepada warga yang telah menjual lahan pertaniannya kepada pihak pengembang atau developer. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa faktor yang mempengaruhi penjualan lahan pertanian tersebut adalah harga lahan pertanian, status lahan yang merupakan tanah warisan, besarnya kebutuhan/pengeluaran, pendapatan dari hasil pertanian dan profesi di luar sektor pertanian. Sedangkan dari sisi pemilihan lokasi perumahan, konversi lahan pertanian dipengaruhi oleh aksesibilitas, fasilitas sosial ekonomi, lingkungan dan harga lahan.
ALIH FUNGSI HUNIAN MENJADI KOMERSIAL DAN KENYAMANAN BERMUKIM DI BINTARO SEKTOR 9 TANGERANG SELATAN
Authors: Cintyarani Ambayu Gracia , Pamardhi-Utomo Rizon , Miladan Nur
Published: April 2021

Alih fungsi hunian menjadi komersial merupakan hal yang tidak dapat dihindari dari pertumbuhan kota untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat. Pergeseran fungsi yang terjadi di Bintaro Jaya masih terus terjadi hingga saat ini dan belum menunjukkan adanya tanda-tanda penurunan. Dampak alih fungsi hunian menjadi komersial di lingkungan perumahan yang dirasakan oleh masyarakat adalah ketidakserasian fungsi, kepadatan lalu lintas, penurunan privasi dan kualitas lingkungan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat tingkat kenyamanan bermukim masyarakat Bintaro Sektor 9 setelah adanya alih fungsi hunian menjadi komersial, yang dilihat dari kompatibilitas, aksesibilitas, privasi dan kualitas lingkungan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode kuantitatif, berupa data yang terukur menggunakan kuesioner. Selanjutnya hasil kuesioner dianalisis dengan teknik skoring untuk melihat kecenderungan gangguan yang dirasakan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dapat diketahui bahwa tingkat kenyamanan bermukim masyarakat adalah rendah. Untuk menghindari adanya penurunan tingkat kenyamanan lebih jauh lagi, perlu adanya pengendalian pembangunan komersial dengan peraturan zonasi.
Social Factors and Coping Models of Women as The Violence Victims In Ponorogo District
Authors: Rokamah Ridho , Roihanah Rif'ah
Published: April 2021

This study examines the social factors and coping models of women as victims of domestic violence after divorce. This research used the qualitative approach while the data collection techniques are included an interview, observation, and documentation. This study's conclusions are (1) social factors, from an education point of view, they consist of the lowest education, namely junior high school and the highest in college. From their social status consisting of low, medium, and high social status, and from environmental factors, it can be concluded that respondents come from various social environments. Other factors that trigger the violence occur to women such as age, economy, independence, career women, etc. (2) The coping model of women as the victims of violence in facing post-divorce stressors in Ponorogo Regency is divided into two; namely, the problem focuses coping and emotional focused coping.Penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana faktor sosial dan model coping  perempuan korban kekerasan dalam rumah tangga pasca perceraian. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif. Sedangkan teknik pengumpulan datanya meliputi wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah: 1) faktor sosial apabila dilihat dari pendidikan, mereka terdiri dari pendidikan terendah yaitu SMP dan tertinggi perguruan tinggi, dilihat dari status sosial mereka terdiri atas status sosial rendah, sedang, dan tinggi, dan jika dilihat dari faktor lingkungan, sehingga bisa disimpulkan responden berasal dari lingkungan sosial yang beragam, dan ada faktor lain yang menyebabkan kekerasan terjadi terhadap perempuan seperti masalah usia, ekonomi, kemandirian isteri, pekerjaan isteri, dan lain-lain. Dan 2) model coping perempuan korban kekerasan dalam menghadapi stressor pasca perceraian di Kabupaten Ponorogo terbagi menjadi dua yaitu; Problem Focus Coping dan Emosional Focused coping.
The Contribution of Human Rights in Thinking on Renewing The Book of Law of Criminal Events (KUHAP)
Authors: Yahyanto Yahyanto
Published: April 2021

The fundamental principle of human rights is that all people are born free and have equality in human rights. Equality requires equal treatment; it means that anyone should be treated equally in any condition before the law. The idea of Human Rights in the Draft of the Law on Criminal Procedure Code, which will be upheld, will become a new legalized law in the future, not apart from lifting and placing a suspect, defendant, and convicted dignified position as a creature of God. Moreover, in the end, declarative human rights principles will not mean much if the stage of the rule of law does not follow them.Fundamental dari hak asasi manusia adalah ide yang meletakkan semua orang terlahir bebas dan memiliki kesetaraan dalam hak asasi manusia. Kesetaraan mensyaratkan adanya perlakuan yang setara, dimana pada situasi sama harus diperlakukan dengan sama, dimana pada situasi yang berbeda diperlakukan dengan berbeda pula.  Pemikiran HAM dalam RUU KUHAP  yang akan diundangkan menjadi UU kedepan, tidak terlepas  mengangkat dan menempatkan seorang tersangka, terdakwa dan terpidana dalam kedudukan yang bermartabat sebagai makhluk ciptaan Tuhan. Dan pada akhirnya, prinsip-prinsip HAM yang bersifat deklaratif tidak akan banyak berarti apabila tidak diikuti dengan tahap supremasi hukum.
The Effects of Rutin Flavonoid Supplementation on Brain White Matter and Gray Matter Abnormalities in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging -Based Study Protocol for a Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Moghadam Ali Reza Eftekhari , Javid Ahmad Zare , Asl Jafar Fatahi , Moradi Leila , Rezaeyan Abolhasan , Behbahani Hossein Bavi , Bazyar Hadi
Published: April 2021

Background: Brain microstructural changes in white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients can be explained using Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) method. Increased oxidative stress has been recognized the key factor in T2DM induce neural damage. Rutin flavonoid plays protective roles in several oxidative stress-mediated neurodegenerative disorders. So, the effects of rutin on WM and GM continuous changes in T2DM patients requires to be more investigated.Method: We will conduct a 3 months, double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial to examine the effects of rutin supplementation on WM and GM changes in 26 T2DM cases. The intervention group (n=13) and the control group (n=13) will receive one tablet of 1 g rutin/day and one tablet of 1 g placebo/day after meals, respectively. Before and after the intervention, DTI will perform at 1.5 Tesla, followed by an analysis employing tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) to explore the changes in fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (λ1), and radial diffusivity (λ23) among the rutin and placebo treated groups. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) test will use to evaluate the performance of DTI criteria for cutting off the two T2DM groups. Discussion: We will demonstrate the diverse influences of rutin supplementation on WM and GM integrity on T2DM patients. Since, rutin may regulate neurotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammatory reaction and nitric oxide production in nervous system; for the first time, the effects of rutin on WM and GM alterations will be evaluated by DTI in T2DM patients. Trial registration: Iran Clinical Trials Registry, registration number: IRCT20151128025274N6. Registered on 10 January 2021, https://fa.irct.ir/user/trial/53283/view
Wide-angle X-ray Scattering studies on contemporary and ancient bast fibres used in textiles – ultrastructural studies on stinging nettle
Authors: Viljanen Mira , Suomela Jenni , Svedström Kirsi
Published: April 2021

Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) among other bast fibres, is a potential fibre source material for industrial and manufacturing applications. However, systematic research on the ultrastructural properties of nettle fibres is lacking. Determining the ultrastructural parameters of the bast fibres could provide also new insights into the studies of archaeological and historical fibres and their usage. In this study, modern and ancient fibre samples of stinging nettle were studied using wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and compared to other well-studied plant fibre species. From the WAXS patterns, the mean microfibril angle, average cellulose crystallite width and relative crystallinity index were determined. Besides, the suitability of the WAXS method for fibre identification purposes was studied. The culturohistorical research material consisted of fibre samples of nettle, flax and hemp acquired from White Karelian textiles collected 1894 as well as of 800–900-year-old archaeological textile fragments from Ravattula Ristimäki burial site in Kaarina, Southwest Finland. The crystallite widths for all modern fibres were of the similar size, however subtle differences in the relative crystallinity values in descending order (from flax to nettle and finally hemp) were observed. For the culturohistorical fibres, the values for average crystallite width and relative crystallinity were larger compared to the modern references of the same fibre type. In addition, individual features due to the presence of other crystalline substances (noncellulosic, minerals e.g., calcium oxalates), were detected in the scattering patterns of all modern nettles. These features could potentially be used as a tool to identify modern nettle fibres.
Retinal Morphological Alterations in Polycythemia Vera: An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study
Authors: Akdogan Muberra , Dogan Mustafa , Alizade Anar , Sabaner Mehmet Cem , Gobeka Hamidu Hamisi , Yavasoglu Filiz
Published: April 2021

PurposeInvestigation of retinal morphological alterations in patients with polycythemia vera (PV) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).Materials and MethodsThirty PV patients (group 1) who were followed-up at Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University Hospital, Department of Hematology, and 30 normal subjects (group 2) who applied to Ophthalmology Department for routine eye examination were enrolled in this cross-sectional, single-centered study. Following a comprehensive ophthalmological examination, all participants underwent spectral-domain OCTA examination with Angio Retina mode (6x6 mm). Data were compared between groups for statistical significance.RESULTSThe male-to-female ratio was 1:1. Mean ages were 46.97±3.20 and 47.42±2.55 years in groups 1 and 2, respectively (P: 0.350). Compared to group 2, group 1 had higher values of superficial whole, parafoveal, deep foveal, perifoveal region vascular density, foveal avascular zone perimeter, and foveal vascular density in 300 μm wide regions around foveal avascular zone values, although there were no statistically significant differences. Further, group 1 had statistically non-significantly decreased flow values and foveal avascular zone area compared to group 2. The superficial foveal vascular density was statistically significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 (P: 0.032).CONCLUSIONFor the first time, the present study has revealed association of PV with substantial increase in the vascular density almost all around the foveal region. This suggests consideration of potential hyperviscosity impact on the vessel density during macular microcirculation assessment of patients with PV.
Scalable Internet of Things Network Design Using Multi-hop IEEE 802.11ah
Authors: Ahmed Nurzaman , Hussain Md. Iftekahr
Published: April 2021

The emerging IEEE 802.11ah is a promising communication standard for large-scale networks particularly the Internet of Things (IoT). The single-channel-based centralized channel access mechanism employed in 802.11ah does not scale well in such networks and leads to poor data reception quality. In this paper, we propose a multi-band sectorization and dynamic load balancing scheme for improving scalability. These features facilitate multi-hop communication more efficiently and enhance network capacity. Traffic congestion issues prevailing around the access point node due to the large volume of uplink traffic is mitigated by allowing simultaneous transmission using multiple orthogonal channels and sectors. Simulation and analytical results establish the essence of the novel protocol by showing significant improvements in terms of throughput and average packet delay over the existing schemes. The proposed network architecture improves throughput and delay performance up to 150% and 100% respectively compared to the relevant schemes.
Assessment of Small Strain Dynamic Soil Properties of Railway site Agartala, India by Bender Element Tests
Authors: Debnath Rajat , Saha Rajib , Haldar Sumanta
Published: April 2021

Small strain dynamic properties of soil is the primary input parameter in seismic ground response analysis studies. This study examines the small strain shear modulus (Gs or Gmax) and damping ratio (ξ) using bender element tests on subsoil samples along with evaluation of liquefaction potential (Sandy soil) collected from a railway construction site at Agartala, India. The objective of this study is to develop a database and empirical relationship on dynamic properties of soil Agartala which may help to carry out site specific seismic hazard studies of Agartala city. In present study, both undisturbed and disturbed soil samples were collected from twelve boreholes near the study area which is mainly of soft marshy ground with localized deposits of peat layer. Similar type of soil is often found in various parts of Agartala basin and other regions of India. Experimental results indicate that Vs, Gmax and ξ vary within a wide range depending upon the type of soil and a closed form empirical equation are proposed to calculate Gmax for different types of soil which would be applicable for evaluating dynamic properties for similar nature soil available across various sites of India.
Targeting ferroptosis protects against multiorgan dysfunction and death.
Authors: VandenBerghe Tom , Coillie Samya Van , Goetschalckx Ines , Wiernicki Bartosz , Mukhopadhyay Banibrata , Tonnus Wulf , San Emily Van , Choi Sze Men , Roelandt Ria , Dumitrascu Catalina , Lamberts Ludwig , Weyts Wannes , Huysentruyt Jelle , Ingold Irina , Lele Suhas , Meyer Evelyne , Seurinck Ruth , Saeys Yvan , Vermeulen An , Nuijs Alexander van , Conrad Marcus , Linkermann Andreas , Rajapurkar Mohan , Vandenabeele Peter , Hoste Eric , Augustyns Koen
Published: April 2021

Approximately half of all critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) develop multiorgan dysfunction1, which is responsible for 30% of deaths worldwide2,3. Besides life-supporting treatments, no cure exists for multiorgan dysfunction and its mechanisms are still poorly understood4. Catalytic iron is a detrimental factor associated with ICU mortality5,6 and is known to cause free radical-mediated cellular toxicity7. As such, catalytic iron is thought to induce excessive lipid peroxidation7, the main characteristic of an iron-dependent type of cell death conceptualized as ferroptosis8,9. Here we show that pharmacological targeting of ferroptosis with our most potent ferrostatin-analogue10 rescues from death in acute single and multiorgan dysfunction in mice, but not sepsis. Daily monitoring of critically ill ICU patients revealed that the peak level of malondialdehyde, reflecting excessive lipid peroxidation, correlates with multiorgan dysfunction and death. Our results demonstrate that ferroptosis targeting is life-saving in experimental models of critical illness and that monitoring of malondialdehyde can allow patient stratification. Therefore, controlling the extent of ferroptosis in non-septic patients with multiorgan dysfunction could become a novel treatment for one of the major causes of global deaths.
Rhenium distribution and behaviour in the salinity gradient of a highly stratified estuary and pristine riverine waters
Authors: bura-Nakić Elvira , Knežević Lucija , Mandić Jelena , Cindrić Ana-Marija , Omanović Dario
Published: April 2021

The abundance and distribution of dissolved Re (DRe) has been determined in the freshwater part of the Krka River (Croatia), draining the karstic carbonate landscape, as well as in the salinity gradient of its highly stratified estuary. Due to low DRe concentration, the batch procedure consisting of pre-concentration step using an anion exchange resin (Dovex) and analysis of DRe in 8 M HNO 3 eluate using a high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR ICP-MS) was adopted. Due to the potential inconsistent recoveries, ranging from 60% to 87%, the quantification was performed by using the isotope dilution (ID) technique. The DRe concentration in the Krka River basically increased in the downstream direction, with the 6.2 pM at the spring site, reaching 11.9 pM before the estuarine region. The weathering of the surrounding carbonate lithology is assumed as the source of natural Re. The two specific anomalies were registered: a strong increase in DRe concentration due to the anthropogenic input near the town of Knin (27.5 pM) and a decrease at downstream site caused by the subterranean input of freshwater of the Zrmanja River leading to relatively low DRe concentration (8.5 pM). In the estuarine segment, a near-conservative behavior of DRe was found in the salinity gradient of the upper surface layer, with the DRe concentration ranging from 18 to 38 pM. An anthropogenic supply was suggested within the estuarine segment close to the urban area causing a small positive deviation from the conservative line. In the bottom seawater layer, a minor decrease of DRe concentration in the most upstream estuarine regions was evidenced, implying a potential weak scavenging of Re.
Dynamic Change in Regional Resilience Indicators After a Disaster: A Comprehensive Assessment of Sichuan After the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake
Authors: Lu Yi , Shi Xiaoyuan , Mao Xiai , Wang Shihang
Published: April 2021

Regional resilience after a disaster is a process that encompasses resistance, recovery and redevelopment. However, there have been few longitudinal dynamic analyses using resilience indicators after a disaster. This research proposes an ordination and clustering-based method for regional resilience evaluations focused on short-term disaster-resistance and long-term disaster-recovery capacities in the affected counties. This method was proven to be effective on data from 55 counties before and after the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake (2005-2016) in Sichuan Province, China. It was found that: (i) economic related indicators were often negatively affected by the disaster over the short term, especially in the severely affected counties; (ii) the degree of economic development and the devastation extent significantly affected the recovery trends of two macro-economic indicators: the primary industry and the private economy; and (iii) the recovery trends in most counties for some economic and social indicators were initially stagnant or had a slow recovery for 1-3 years, after which there was a rapid recovery process. The intuitive and informative results from this evaluation provide a better understanding of the dynamic regional resilience process after a disaster.
iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomics Analysis of Sprague-Dawley Rats Liver Reveals Perfluorooctanoic Acid-Induced Urea Metabolism Dysfunction
Authors: Liu Hui , Liu Fangfang , Zhou Yongbing , Griffin Nathan , Faulkner Sam , Cui Huixian , Wang Li
Published: April 2021

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a typical C8 representative compound of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) widely used in industrial and domestic products. It is a persistent organic pollutant found in the environment as well as in the tissues of humans and wildlife. Despite emerging scientific and public interest, the precise mechanisms of PFOA toxicity remain unclear. In this study, male rats were exposed to 1.25, 5, and 20 mg PFOA/kg body weight/day for 14 days. Urine samples were also collected and monitored by raising rats in metabolic cages. In vivo results demonstrate that PFOA exposure induces significant hepatocellular hypertrophy and reduced urea metabolism. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics analysis of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats livers identified 3,327 non-redundant proteins of which 112 proteins were significantly upregulated and 80 proteins were downregulated. Gene ontology analysis revealed proteins are primarily involved in cellular, metabolic and single − organism processes. Among them, eight proteins (ACOX1, ACOX2, ACOX3, ACSL1, EHHADH, GOT2, MTOR and ACAA1) were related to oxidation of fatty acids and two proteins (ASS1 and CPS1) were found to be associated with urea cycle disorder. The downregulation of urea synthesis proteins ASS1 and CPS1 after exposure to PFOA was then confirmed through qPCR and western blot analysis. Together, these data demonstrate that PFOA exposure directly influences urea metabolism and identify CPS1 as a potential regulatory target.
Breast Cancer Prognosis: A Genetic Code for Personalized Therapy
Authors: Rulli Antonio , Fortuna Laura , Zayik Svitlana , Covarelli Piero , Stracci Fabrizio , Pelliccia Cristina , Sidoni Angelo , Barberini Francesco
Published: April 2021

Background: Breast cancer is distinguished in three different subtypes, based on clinical and molecular parameters: Luminal - HER2 - Basal type. Luminal carcinomas (which represent about 65% of the total) are distinguished by a particular heterogeneity of biological behaviour with disease recovery in about 40-50% and death in about two-thirds of these patients at 5 years from diagnosis, despite initial anatomopathological pictures of apparent low aggressiveness. Precisely, more biomolecular parameters are desirable for this diagnostic category which starting from an estimated disease recovery can guide therapeutic choices in a more articulated way that is modelled on the actual needs.Method: The aim of this work is to build a panel of genes that can be used to personalize therapy and consequently reduce mortality. Our kit is patented and includes 33 genes that best characterize neoplastic heterogeneity and sensitivity to drugs. The study involved the total transcriptome (RNA) sequencing of 40 patient samples carried out in the two-year period 1994/1995 with the aim of identifying a group of genes expressed differentially among patients with good prognosis and those with poor prognosis. Results: Total RNA extraction from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples and then Library preparation for RNA-Seq was achieved. The study highlighted some genes: CXCL13 life gene, IFITM10 death gene always present regardless of molecular subtype, and DSCAM-AS1 gene, specific for Luminal A subtype, that if present, let the patient avoid standard PBI and neoadjuvant therapy. Conclusion: The goal is to implement a different surgical and adjuvant personalized therapy for every single patient.
Research on the Coordinated Development of Resources, Environment, and Economy in the Yellow River Basin
Authors: ZHAO Jinhui , WANG Yufeng , XIA Yongbo , ZHANG Lijun
Published: April 2021

Background：The high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin has to be fostered by the coordination of resources, environment, and economy. Therefore, conducting an analysis on the coupling level of resources, environment, and economy in the Yellow River Basin is of major significance to the research on its high-quality development path. Methods：Based on the data of the nine provinces in the Yellow River Basin from 2004 to 2017, a coupling development model is constructed for an analysis of the coupling level in this area and a modeling prediction. A comprehensive evaluation of the development level of Resources-Environment-Economy system and the subsystems in the Yellow River Basin is performed by combining the range change method and entropy weight method. Results：The result shows that despite the rising coupling level of resources, environment, and economy in the Yellow River Basin, the comprehensive evaluation value of the environment subsystem is low, which was merely 0.109 in 2017 and has remained unchanged between 2009 and 2017, resulting in a low coupling coordination degree of Resources-Environment-Economy. In 2017, the coupling coordination degree was only 0.454. The development was on the verge of imbalance and the high-quality coordinated development of the Yellow River Basin has been restricted. The simulated prediction indicates that the coordinated development of Resources-Environment-Economy in the Yellow River Basin can only be realized by overcoming the disadvantages of the ecological and economic systems. Conclusions：When the comprehensive evaluation value of environmental subsystem increases by 0.2 and that of economic subsystem increases by 0.1, all the systems are just coordinated; when the comprehensive evaluation value of each subsystem reaches 0.65, the development of the systems of Resources-Environment-Economy in the Yellow River Basin are well coordinated.
Reduced body length and morphological disorders in Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) larvae reared on aluminum phosphide-treated rabbits
Authors: El-Ashram Saeed , Toto Noura A. , Wakil Abeer El , Augustyniak Maria , El-Samad Lamia M.
Published: April 2021

Assessing the post-mortem interval (PMI) based on the growth and development of insects is a critical task in forensic entomology. The rate of larvae development can be affected by a variety of toxins, including pesticides. Aluminum phosphide (AlP) is a low-cost insecticide that has yet to be entomotoxicologically tested, despite the fact that it is frequently the cause of fatal poisoning. In this study, we measured the body length of Chrysomya albiceps larvae reared on the carcasses of rabbits poisoned with AlP and analyzed the morphological changes of the larvae reared on the carcasses of rabbits poisoned with AlP. The concentration of AlP in the body of the larvae was significantly lower than in rabbit tissues. Insects from the AlP group had a significantly lower gain in body length. Furthermore, deformities in the larvae were found. Small respiratory spiracles were found, as well as a deformed small posterior end with hypogenesis of the posterior respiratory spiracles. Thus, disturbed growth and development of carrion flies found at a crime scene could indicate pesticide poisoning, such as aluminum phosphide.
The Clinical and Cost-effectiveness of a Self-management Intervention for Patients with Persistent Depressive Disorder and their Partners/caregivers: Study Protocol of a Multicenter Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial.
Authors: Solis Ericka C. , Carlier Ingrid V.E. , Wee Nic J.A. van der , Hemert Albert M. van
Published: April 2021

Background: After regular treatment, patients with persistent depressive disorder (PDD) may remain in specialized psychiatric outpatient care without achieving remission. Lacking other options, these patients often receive long-term, non-protocolized care as usual (CAU) that does not involve the partner/caregiver of the patient. Although the revised depression treatment guidelines suggest focusing on psychiatric rehabilitation and self-management as the next treatment step for PDD, an evidence-based cost-effective self-management protocol for PDD is lacking. This study investigates the “Patient and Partner Education Program for All Chronic Illnesses” (PPEP4All) as a brief self-management protocol that could lead to lower costs, higher quality of life, and less disease burden in PDD patients and their partners/caregivers. Methods: Presented is the rationale and methods of a multicenter pragmatic randomized controlled trial to evaluate the clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness of PPEP4All for patients with PDD and their partners/caregivers. In accordance with current recommendations, a mixed-methods approach is used with both quantitative and qualitative data. A total of 178 eligible outpatients with PDD and their partners/caregivers are recruited and randomized to either PPEP4All or CAU. Those assigned to PPEP4All receive nine weekly self-management sessions with a trained PPEP4All-therapist. Primary and secondary outcome measurements are at 3, 6, 12 months. Discussion: This project will result in the implementation of a self-management intervention for patients with PDD, meeting an urgent need in mental healthcare. Using PPEP4All can optimize the quality and efficiency of care for both patients with PDD and their partners/caregivers. Trial registration: Netherlands Trial Register Identifier: NTR5973. Registered on 20 July 2016.