bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Graph Neural Network for Object Reconstruction in Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers
Authors: Gumpula K , Koloskov N , Grzenda D , Hewes V , Aurisano A , Cerati G , Day A , Kowalkowski J , Lee C , Wang K , Liao W , Spiropulu M , Agrawal A , Vlimant J , Gray L , Klijnsma T , Calafiura P , Conlon S , Farrell S , Ju X , Murnane D
Published: February 2023

The Exa.TrkX project presents a graph neural network (GNN) technique for low-level reconstruction of neutrino interactions in a Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC). GNNs are still a relatively novel technique, and have shown great promise for similar reconstruction tasks in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Graphs describing particle interactions are formed by treating each detector hit as a node, with edges describing the relationships between hits. We utilise a multi-head attention message passing network which performs graph convolutions in order to label each node with a particle type.

We present an updated variant of our GNN architecture, with several improvements. After testing the model on more realistic simulation with regions of unresponsive wires, the target was modified from edge classification to node classification in order to increase robustness. Removing edges as a classification target opens up a broader possibility space for edge-forming techniques; we explore the model’s performance across a variety of approaches, such as Delaunay triangulation, kNN, and radius-based methods. We also extend this model to the 3D context, sharing information between detector views. By using reconstructed 3D spacepoints to map detector hits from each wire plane, the model naively constructs 2D representations that are independent yet fully consistent.
Robust Neural Particle Identification Models
Authors: Ryzhikov Artem , Temirkhanov Aziz , Derkach Denis , Hushchyn Mikhail , Kazeev Nikita , Mokhnenko Sergei
Published: February 2023

The volume of data processed by the Large Hadron Collider experiments demands sophisticated selection rules typically based on machine learning algorithms. One of the shortcomings of these approaches is their profound sensitivity to the biases in training samples. In the case of particle identification (PID), this might lead to degradation of the efficiency for some decays not present in the training dataset due to differences in input kinematic distributions. In this talk, we propose a method based on the Common Specific Decomposition that takes into account individual decays and possible misshapes in the training data by disentangling common and decay specific components of the input feature set. We show that the proposed approach reduces the rate of efficiency degradation for the PID algorithms for the decays reconstructed in the LHCb detector.
Semi-Equivariant GNN Architectures for Jet Tagging
Authors: Murnane Daniel , Thais Savannah , Wong Jason
Published: February 2023

Composing Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) of operations that respect physical symmetries has been suggested to give better model performance with a smaller number of learnable parameters. However, real-world applications, such as in high energy physics have not born this out. We present the novel architecture VecNet that combines both symmetry-respecting and unconstrained operations to study and tune the degree of physics-informed GNNs. We introduce a novel metric, the ant factor, to quantify the resource-efficiency of each configuration in the search-space. We find that a generalized architecture such as ours can deliver optimal performance in resource-constrained applications.
Signal to background discrimination for the production of double Higgs boson events via vector boson fusion mechanism in the decay channel with four charged leptons and two b-jets in the final state at the LHC experiment
Authors: D’Anzi Brunella , De Filippis Nicola , Elmetenawee Walaa , Miniello Giorgia
Published: February 2023

At the CERN Large Hadron Collider experiment, the non-resonant double Higgs production via vector-boson fusion represents a unique mean to probe the VVHH (V=Z, W±) Higgs self-coupling at the current center of mass energies. Such a rare signal cannot be separated efficiently from huge backgrounds by applying a few-observables cut-based selection. Indeed, in this work, a Deep Learning algorithm is used to decide whether an event is more signal- or background-like. In particular, we report on two main aspects: results on a hyper-parameters parallel scanning strategy to distribute the training process across multiple nodes on the ReCaS-Bari data center computing resources and on the discriminating performance of a Deep Neural Network architecture.
Slicing with deep learning models at ProtoDUNE-SP
Authors: Rossi M
Published: February 2023

DUNE is a cutting-edge experiment aiming to study neutrinos in detail, with a special focus on the flavor oscillation mechanism. The prototype of the DUNE Far Detector Single Phase TPC (ProtoDUNE-SP) was built and operated at CERN with a full set of reconstruction tools. To implement these reconstruction tools, Pandora, a multi-algorithm framework, has been developed. A large number of these algorithms, some of them being exploiting traditional clustering, detector physics and deep learning approaches, have been applied to images to gradually build up a picture out of singular events. One of such algorithms is the Pandora slicing algorithm which aims to partition the detector hits of an event in sets called slices. Each slice represents a single interaction in the detector and should identify all the hits related to the interacting particle and its subsequent decay products. We expect the order of tens of slices per event in ProtoDUNE-SP. In this paper we present a deep learning approach to the problem, designing a model able to outperform the state-of-the-art slicing algorithm which is currently implemented within Pandora. We assess the performance of our tool in terms of efficiency and accuracy, while exploiting hardware accelerating setups. The ultimate goal is to incorporate this deep learning approach in the Pandora reconstruction tool.
Treatment of systematic uncertainties with Bayesian networks
Authors: Grilli di Cortona G. , Messina A. , Piacentini S.
Published: February 2023

We show an innovative approach based on Bayesian networks and linear algebra providing a solid and complete solution to the problem of the detector response and the related systematic effects. As a case study, we consider the dark matter direct detection searches. In this context, it is crucial to develop a reliable analysis framework, which is able to take into account all the relevant systematic effects in a clean and accessible way. The relations connecting the calibration parameters of the experiment to the final observed data spectrum are characterized by substantial complexity and non linearity. Usual approaches to direct detection data analysis involve multi-templates techniques. By means of our technique however it is possible to represent the full detector response to any background/signal event keeping the dependence on the detector parameters explicit. The advantage of this kind of approach is twofold: from the statistical point of view it is a solid and rigorous way to perform the analysis; from the computational point of view, we demonstrate that it is possible to represent the response of the detector by a set of matrices, allowing to use a GPU accelerated analysis code to improve the performance of the fit.
Algebraic geometry and p-adic numbers for scattering amplitude ansätze
Authors: De Laurentis Giuseppe
Published: February 2023

Scattering amplitudes in perturbative quantum field theory exhibit a rich structure of zeros, poles and branch cuts which are best understood in complexified momentum space. It has been recently shown that by leveraging this information one can significantly simplify both analytical reconstruction and final expressions for the rational coefficients of transcendental functions appearing in phenomenologically-relevant scattering amplitudes. Inspired by these observations, we present a new algorithmic approach to the reconstruction problem based on p-adic numbers and computational algebraic geometry. For the first time, we systematically identify and classify the relevant irreducible surfaces in spinor space with five-point kinematics, and thanks to p-adic numbers – analogous to finite fields, but with a richer structure to their absolute value – we stably perform numerical evaluations close to these singular surfaces, thus completely avoiding the use of floating-point numbers. Then, we use the data thus acquired to build ansätze which respect the vanishing behavior of the numerator polynomials on the irreducible surfaces. These ansätze have fewer free parameters, and therefore reduced numerical sampling requirements. We envisage future applications to novel two-loop amplitudes.
Amplitude evaluation with pySecDec: A Higgs + three gluons example
Authors: Paranjape C P , Heinrich G , Jones S P
Published: February 2023

We present an application of the major new features of pySecDec, a program designed to numerically calculate multi-loop integrals. One important new feature is the ability to integrate weighted sums of integrals in a way which is optimised to reach a given accuracy goal on the sums rather than on the individual integrals. Another feature is the option to perform asymptotic expansions. These new assets of the program represent an important step towards the efficient evaluation of multi-loop amplitudes in a largely automated way. We will illustrate them in a pedagogical example, through the calculation of the one-loop amplitude for Higgs plus jet production in the gluon channel, mediated by a top quark loop. Numerical results in the heavy top limit, compared to their analytic counterparts, are shown as well.
Differentiable Matrix Elements with MadJax
Authors: Heinrich Lukas , Kagan Michael
Published: February 2023

MadJax is a tool for generating and evaluating differentiable matrix elements of high energy scattering processes. As such, it is a step towards a differentiable programming paradigm in high energy physics that facilitates the incorporation of high energy physics domain knowledge, encoded in simulation software, into gradient based learning and optimization pipelines. MadJax comprises two components: (a) a plugin to the general purpose matrix element generator MadGraph that integrates matrix element and phase space sampling code with the JAX differentiable programming framework, and (b) a standalone wrapping code interface for accessing the matrix element code and its gradients, which are computed with automatic differentiation. The MadJax implementation and example applications of simulation based inference and normalizing flow based matrix element modeling, with capabilities enabled uniquely with differentiable matrix elements, are presented.
Particle generation through energy discretization and restrictive planes in GEANT4 simulations for potential applications of cosmic ray muon tomography
Authors: Ilker Topuz A. , Kiisk Madis , Giammanco Andrea
Published: February 2023

In this study, by attempting to resolve the difficulties related to the angular distribution during the particle generation for the muon tomography applications in the GEANT4 simulations, we exhibit an unconventional methodology that is hinged on the direction limitation via the vectorial construction from the generation location to the restriction area rather than using a certain angular distribution or interval. In other words, we favor a momentum direction that is determined by a vector constructed between an initial point randomly chosen on a generative point/plane and a second point arbitrarily selected on a restrictive plane of the same dimensions with the basal cross section of the volume-of-interest (VOI). On account of setting out such a generation scheme, we optimize the particle loss by keeping an angular acceptance that is directly dependent on the VOI geometry as well as the vertical position of the restrictive plane for a tomographic system of a finite size. We demonstrate our strategy for a set of target materials including aluminum, iron, copper, lead, and uranium with a dimension of 40×10×40 cm3 over three restrictive planes of different positions by using a discrete energy spectrum between 0.1 and 8 GeV and we compute the scattering angle, the number of absorption, and the particle loss. Upon our simulation outcomes, we show that the particle generation by means of restrictive planes is an effective strategy that is flexible towards a variety of computational objectives in the GEANT4 simulations.
Recent progress for five-particle two-loop scattering amplitudes with an off-shell leg
Authors: Kryś Jakub
Published: February 2023

We report on the advances in the calculation of the two-loop scattering amplitudes for five-particle processes with one off-shell leg. Focusing on the production of a Higgs boson in association with a bottom quark pair, we outline how the newly developed technology allows us to overcome the computational bottlenecks. In particular, we discuss the use of finite field arithmetic and elucidate a convenient way to evaluate numerically the special functions appearing in the amplitudes.
Speeding up lattice QCD simulation on Arm architectures with multigrid algorithm
Authors: Sun Wei , Bi Yujiang
Published: February 2023

Lattice quantum chromodynamics (lattice QCD) is the non-perturbative definition of the QCD theory from first principle and can be systematically improved. Meanwhile, it is one of the most important high performance computing application in high energy physics. The physics research of lattice QCD benefited enormously from the development of computer hardware and algorithms, and particle physicists can now study strong interaction at physical pion mass, smaller lattice spacing and larger volume. On the other hand, with the emerging of supercomputers and clusters based on Arm architectures, it is necessary to implement the algorithms and conduct the simulations on these machines to maximize the utilization of the limited computing resources. In this paper, we implemented and ported the multigrid (MG) algorithm, the state of the art algorithm to solve the sparse linear Dirac equation Dx = b on the lattice for clover fermion on a cluster with Arm based processors.
Testing the boundaries: Normalizing Flows for higher dimensional data sets
Authors: Reyes-González Humberto , Torre Riccardo
Published: February 2023

Normalizing Flows (NFs) are emerging as a powerful class of generative models, as they not only allow for efficient sampling, but also deliver, by construction, density estimation. They are of great potential usage in High Energy Physics (HEP), where complex high dimensional data and probability distributions are everyday’s meal. However, in order to fully leverage the potential of NFs it is crucial to explore their robustness as data dimensionality increases. Thus, in this contribution, we discuss the performances of some of the most popular types of NFs on the market, on some toy data sets with increasing number of dimensions.
Evaluating the properties of compressed soil earth blocks after the addition of bagasse ash, marble powder and paddy straw
Authors: Ranjan Satish , Sharma Tarun
Published: February 2023

Constructing structures and their establishments with the help of non-toxic and ecological materials that reduce the environmental damages caused in the process and help protect nature can be termed sustainable construction. Red burnt clay bricks are being used for the construction which requires a lot of energy in the process. For the preparation of these bricks, cement is used as a stabilizer and we all are aware that the production of cement releases a lot of energy. Red burnt clay bricks are burnt in kilns which pollutes the environment. Many countries have started using compressed stabilized earth blocks (CSEBs) to overcome these situations. CSBEs are the blocks consisting of clay and one or more stabilizers which are compressed together with the help of a manual press or machines. This study used waste materials like rice straw, marble dust, and bagasse ash as stabilizers. Using waste materials in CSEBs can help us in sustainable development and also will help in reducing the cost of construction. In this study, rice straw is used in the percentages 0.75%, 0.90%, and 1.05%. Marble dust is used in the percentages of 8%, 10%, and 12%. And bagasse ash is used in the percentages of 27%, 32%, and 37%. A total of 27 combinations were selected with these percentages. And for each test, 2 blocks of size 220mm x 100mm x 100mm and beams of size 500mm x 100mm x 100mm were prepared. These blocks were cured by the sprinkling of water for 28 days. Various tests like OMC & MDD, and Flexural Strength were performed in this study.
Pullout behavior of helical soil nails in cohesionless soil: a laboratory investigation
Authors: Hussain Ubaid , Tangri Amanpreet
Published: February 2023

The soil reinforcing method of incorporating helical soil nails is a technique involving the introduction of passive elements into the soil. The combined action of helical bearing and shaft skin friction from helical soil nails gives better reinforcement against failure of the composite soil mass. The current study is aimed to explore the laboratory pullout response of helical soil nails in cohesionless soil (river sand) under varying shaft cross-section (Circular & Square), shaft type (Hollow & Solid), transition in the position of the third helix, and overburden pressure to optimize the most suitable soil nail. In this study, pullout tests are conducted on the soil nails in the laboratory using the physical model setup. The pullout capacity of circular nails is higher than the corresponding square nail. Moreover, a solid shaft nail depicts a higher pullout load capacity than a hollow shaft soil nail. Maximum pullout load is achieved at third helix spacing of about 3.8 Dh and gives a 7.40% increase in pullout load as compared to the reference soil nail. SSCN1. Further, as the overburden pressure is increased, the pullout capacity also increases.
Preparation of biodiesel and experimental investigation of biodiesel blends on diesel engine at varying speed.
Authors: Prasad Anumukonda Vara , Sharma Dugala Navdeep
Published: February 2023

Because the world’s fossil fuel reserves are depleting at an alarming rate as a result of increased consumption, biodiesel is a useful alternative to fossil fuels in many scenarios. Since biodiesel emits fewer harmful emissions, it’s an environmentally friendly fuel. Biodiesel can be produced at a lower cost and can be used without any modifications in the engine. The most acceptable process for biodiesel production is base-catalysed transesterification.

In this present research work we prepared and compared the characteristics of the biodiesel with conventional diesel fuel. Waste fry oil taken form potato chip industry and Jatropha from Jatropha seeds methyl ester-based biodiesel was prepared using transesterification process. The pure bio-diesel was blended with diesel in some proportions making it as B20, B30, B40, B50 blends and tested in a four-stroke, four-cylinder, diesel ignition engine running at five different engine speeds 1600, 1800, 2000, 2200, 2400 respectively.
RETRACTED: Performance Analysis to Produce Biodiesel from Seed
Authors: Sood Devansh , Sharma Dugala Navdeep
Published: February 2023

In recent years, there has been a steady increase in the number of solid wastes because of the increasing human population and urbanisation. Solids include industrial waste, agricultural waste, forest waste and waste bio-products. Bioenergy has produced a total 10% participation of energy of global energy production, energy produced from the source of biomass: plants, animal, and organic waste.

In some seeds like Juliform seed, Watermelon Seed oil is prepared and blended together to produce the biodiesel and to check the performance of the biodiesel. The study also includes examination of physical and chemical properties such as pH value, viscosity, density, flash point, fire point and acid values on the produced biodiesel as well as on the conventional diesel for comparison. The study revealed that the properties of the biodiesel are very close to the conventional diesel.
Evaluation of Seismic Response of Irregular Buildings: A Review
Authors: Tomer Sahil , Bhandari Mohit
Published: February 2023

The modern design and construction of buildings have led to the adoption of irregular shapes buildings which can attract large seismic forces and induce stress concentrations in the building itself. To investigate this fact a large number of research studies have been carried out. This study presents a review summary of seismic performance of irregular buildings considering vertical irregularity subjected to earthquake loadings. The seismic performance can be found by using linear and nonlinear time history analysis. Different types of irregular buildings are analyzed to review the seismic performance of the structure. It was found that the buildings with the soft story having variation in the storey stiffness yield large inter-storey drift values showing more damage as compared to types of building irregularities.
Comparative Effectiveness of Equivalent Static Analysis & Response Spectrum Analysis in Extreme Seismic Zones
Authors: Faiz Milad , Kumar Rajeev
Published: February 2023

Earthquake is one of the horrible natural disasters. With the considerable developments in the constructional science, the experts have been able to find out the factor forces that cause earthquakes the damage and destructions in different types of buildings, including residential and commercial buildings, caused by earthquake are of high importance and need to be considered. The damage caused by earthquakes in multi-story buildings is usually in the weak points of the building, which is caused by Strength and changes in stiffness. this paper deal with two methods of analyze, linear static analysis (Equivalent Static Analysis) and linear dynamic analysis (Response Spectrum Analysis) on three different height structures(5-Storey, 10-Storey, 15-Storey) with regular plan in two various seismic zones (IV, V) as per IS1893-2016 and compared parameters, max story displacement, max drift ratio, base shear, max axial force in column, max bending moment in column and fundamental time period from the effect of two analysis methods, using ETABS software. After the analysis, these conclusions were made:

Effect of equivalent static analysis in both seismic zones IV, V in Max Story Displacement is more than response spectrum analysis, 36% in 15 Storey building, 38% in 10 Storey building and 34% in 5 Storey building. Fundamental Time Period is equal in equivalent static analysis and response spectrum analysis in both seismic zones and with the 5 storey gap between each buildings time period, 9.5% less from 15 storey to 10 storey and 29% less from 10 storey to 5 storey. Effect of equivalent static analysis in both seismic zones at Max Drift Ratio 27%, 33%, 30% in (15,10,5) storeys buildings is more than response spectrum analysis. In general, it can be said that the values coming from the all parameters in equivalent static analysis are to most of the values of response spectrum analysis.
The effective placing of Shear Wall for Seismic Resistance of G+5 Story building on sloping Ground
Authors: Mohammadi M H , kumar P , Rishi V
Published: February 2023

The buildings located on the sloped ground are irregular. Therefore, Prone to hard destruction when acted by earthquake forces. These types of buildings have different stiffness and mass in the horizontal and vertical directions. As result, the centre of rigidity and centre of mass does not coincide on a different floor and cause to suffer high damage due to irregularity during an earthquake. Because it is considered that, the seismic performance of the building in a sloped area is much more different from the plain area. Present study deal with the Earthquake manner of the G+5 story building with a shear wall in a hilly area. The fundamental aims are to; investigate the performance of G+5 story building on the sloped area for different positioning of the shear wall, and to understand the impressiveness of SW on a sloped area. In this paper, G+5 story buildings with and without shear walls resting on the sloped ground are observed. Modelling and analysis are done by considering the response spectrum with the assistance of STAAD Pro and different configurations of a shear wall compared with considering story displacement, maximum bending moment, base shear, and axial forces.
A Review on the Synthesis and Photocatalytic Application of Silver Nano Particles
Authors: Madhu  , Sharma Renu , Bharti Ruchi
Published: February 2023

Recently, the area of nanotechnology has been the most powerful tool for the exploration of nanoparticles in material sciences because of their unique properties (size and shape depending on optical, antimicrobial, and electrical properties). Nanoparticles are usually atoms in size range of 1-100 nm. Developing such strategies for nanoparticle synthesis is a fundamental key that is less environmentally harmful and reliable, and recently it has emerged as one of the most vibrant areas in various sectors. Nanoparticle particles of silver have gained considerable attention as they have low potential toxicity, unique physicochemical properties, bio-functions behavior, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal. Much research has been reported on the properties of AgNPs due to their extensive use in various fields, including medical, food, healthcare, consumer, and industrial purposes. Because of the unique physical and chemical properties (optical, electrical, thermal, high electrical conductivity, and biological properties), these NPs are an exciting subject of study. This review article has tried to give an overview of different synthetic procedures using chemical, physical and biological methodologies to synthesize AgNPs. We have also discussed the Photocatalytic applications of AgNPs.
Comparison of Marshall Stability values of the different bitumen mixes with crumb rubber
Authors: Changra Arundhika , Singh Er. Gagandeep
Published: February 2023

Modified bitumen with crumb rubber can enhance the bitumen’s physical properties and the mixes’ Marshall Stability values. Aside from the fact that it reduces the amount of tyre waste, the use of crumb rubber can also improve the properties of bitumen, which can help to extend the life of flexible pavements. When VG 30 bitumen is combined with crumb rubber, penetration values drop significantly. As the modifier concentration is increased, the penetration value decreases. When modified with 5CR, 10CR, and 15CR, neat bitumen’s penetration value drops to 61, 58, and 49 respectively. Marshall Compared to unmodified mixes, bitumen modified with crumb rubber has higher stability values. The stability values increase as the modifier content increases. As a result, stiffer binder results in a higher stability value of the mix, which is supported by an increase in modifier content. For every 5-15% increase in crumb rubber, an improvement of 10-25% was observed.
Recent Advances in Physico-chemical Methods for Removal of Dye from Wastewater
Authors: Javeed Ganaie Rafiya , Rafiq Samreen , Sharma Ashita
Published: February 2023

Water pollution due to untreated discharge of wastewater from various industries is the amongst the most challenging problem related with environment. Of all the pollutants being discharged into surface water streams, dyes are of serious concern, because of the visible impact on the surface water quality. Various methods are being used for removal of dyes from wastewater streams. The efficiency of removal method is dependent upon various factors including chemical composition of dye, pH and temperature of water and presence of other pollutants. The present review focusses on various physico-chemical methods used for the removal of dyes from the wastewater. The efficiency of various methods has also been discussed.
Impact of glass waste and rubber waste over the environment and their applications in concrete
Authors: Sudan Sajan , Dhiman Suneha
Published: February 2023

In this experimental research study, glass waste in powdered form and rubber waste in fine aggregate form were practised for the intensification of the ordinary controlled concrete. Glass waste in powdered was practised in place of ordinary binder that is cement and the rubber waste after proper processing was utilized in place of ordinary sand. Glass waste in powdered form was practised from 0 percent to 25 percent and the rubber waste fines were practised at 25 percent and 50 percent. Overall, 11 dissimilar kinds of mixes were considered depending upon the proportion of the ordinary binder, proportion of glass waste binder, the proportion of ordinary sand, proportion of rubber fines and proportion of coarse aggregate. Then concerning the proportion of the substantial several samples were executed and then examined for destructive examination. The examination consequence of the compression test of the concrete reveal that the maximum compressive strength of the modified concrete was attained at 20 percent application of the waste glass fine powder when used in place of cement and at 25 percent application of the waste rubber fines when used in place of natural silt. It was further determined that both the substantial healed the internal pores of the concrete and thus leads to enhanced productivity of the normal concrete. It was also taken into account that the higher proportions of both the undertaken substantial leads to the loss in the core properties of the concrete. Further, the outcomes of another destructive examination that is the tensile strength test and flexural strength test, outposts that the supreme forte of the substantial concrete was gotten at 25 percent practice of the waste rubber fines and 20 percent practice of the waste glass fine in powdered form when utilised as an alternative for ordinary fines and binder correspondingly. It was also observed that the least strength consequences were attained at supreme percentages in the case of both the taken substantial. The tensile and flexural behaviour of the concrete is enhanced with the intensification of the proportions of the constituents. From the results of all kinds of destructive and non-destructive test, it was found at the last that the most suitable results were attained at 20% practice of waste glass fine powder and at 25% practice of the waste rubber fine powder when used in combination with one another. Further it can also be concluded that while practising together in place of natural binder and natural fine aggregate, beyond these proportion the strength starts declining in all cases either in case of destructive testing or in case of non-destructive testing.
A Sustainable Approach In Advancement Of Earth Sciences & Foundation Engineering Towards Green Construction
Authors: Urvashi
Published: February 2023

The goal of this study was to look into the aspects that influence green building project management and to figure out what factors contribute to the best results. The inquiry was intended to look into the characteristics that contribute to project success in green building. Questionnaires were gathered from environmental people, construction personnel, and legal personnel groups, all of whom were involved in the administration of green building projects. Staff factors, material elements, monetary variables, administrative variables, and eco-productivity factors were all examined and variables were prioritized using the Relative Importance Index (RII). After a thorough analysis of the factors that influence the management of green development projects, the findings were divided into five categories for the first and second most essential variables. For the labour force perspective, disposition toward the project and task comprehension were two independent driving factors. Productivity and cost were the main drivers from a material standpoint. The cost increase and change in development were the driving drivers from a monetary standpoint. From an administrative standpoint, the driving factors were the related document, the endorsement cycle, and the government’s recognition of venture members. This paper shows the material reuse capacity increase and decrease in assets utilization which were the driving elements in this work, focused on eco-effectiveness.
Optical studies of binary mixture containing palm biodiesel and alkanols : experimental and theoretical interpretation
Authors: Sangwan Nisha , Rani Sunita , Siwach Rajesh K. , Sinha Vimal , Dangi Vijay
Published: February 2023

Refractive indices (nD
) of binary mixture containing palm biodiesel (P) and alkanols (1-pentanol (1P) and 3-pentanol (3P)) were measured at different temperatures (298.15,303.15k,308.15k,313.15k,318.15k) at 0.1 MPa over the entire composition range of mole fractions. The nD
values of pure compounds and their binary mixtures were measured by using refractometer (Anton Paar Abbemat 200). Experimental data of nD
were used to compute deviation in refractive index (Δn). Further, refractive index values also have been measured in terms of different mixing rules like Lorentz-Lorentz (L.L), Gladstone-Dale (G.D), Heller-relation (H.R) and Weiner-relation (W.R). The experimental data of nD
compared well with the values obtained by using mixing rules for binary mixture P (1) + Alkanols (2). The measured data were correlated by Redlich-Kister polynomial equation. The effect of temperature has also been investigated.
Study on Properties of Concrete After Incorporating Waste Materials
Authors: Nisa Ambreen u
Published: February 2023

The effects of fly ash, Air Cooled Blast Furnace Slag (ACBFS), and silica fume on cement compressive strength are examined. The compressive strength of cement concrete is studied by the addition of fly ash, air-cooled blast furnace slag (ACBFS), and silica fume. The effect of fly ash, ACBFS, and silica fume on the compressive strength of concrete was investigated. The cement content of the concrete was reduced by 25%, 22.50%, 20%, and 17.50%, respectively; fly ash was used to replace 20%, 40%, and 60% of the coarse aggregate; and fly ash was partially replaced by 2.5%, 5%, and 7.50% of the cement content. Contrarily, fly ash was left out of the mixing process for M30. The compressive strength of concrete cubes and beams aged 7 and 28 days was tested.
CFD Analysis of water-based slipper bearing
Authors: Choudhuri Kishan , Equbal Asif , Biswas Nabarun , Pati Aparesh , Kumar Mandal Suman , Biswas Srijit
Published: February 2023

The leakage across the slipper land of a swashplate type axial piston pump is inherent in almost all the commercially available designs. This occurs due to the back flow of each piston through its orifice and gap between the slipper and swashplate. This flow phenomenon is studied in detail in the present work. To optimize pump performance with a reduced leakage, it is critical to know the fluid dynamics within the pump passages. In this paper, a three-dimensional CFD methodology has been created and employed to predict the pump performance in terms of pressure field, velocity vectors, and the flow pattern to understand pump flow. The methodology is established in the commercially available code ANSYS FLUENT 16.0 which supports the existence of complicated geometry in the form of narrow orifices and gaps between rotating and stationary walls. Slipper leakages, velocity and pressure fields are computed using simple algorithm approach at different designs and operating conditions. Experimental data of the film thickness is used in the present simulation. The effect of different piston pressure, slipper velocity, oil viscosity, slipper orifice diameter and slipper pool inner diameter is studied. Investigations of this kind may help for the development and design of slippers.
Effect of Limestone Waste Powder and Marble Waste over the Strength Properties of the Conventional Concrete
Authors: Harmandeep S. , Lovneesh S.
Published: February 2023

In this experimental research, limestone waste powder and marble based coarse aggregate were practised for the upgradation of the concrete. Limestone waste powder was applied at 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, 15%, 18% and 21% in alternative to the regular binder and marble based coarse aggregate was applied at 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 70% in alternative to the regular gravel. So as to check the output of application of new constituents, some major examinations were executed over the prepared samples. M-40 grade of concrete was taken into account for the preparation of entire mix. 0.45 water to binder proportion was taken for the modification of the entire mix. The examination outcomes revealed that with the intensification in the proportion of the limestone waste powder, intensification in the resistance against the compressive loads has been observes. Also, the maximum resistance against the compressive loads was originated at 18% utilization of limestone waste powder. The examination outcomes also revealed that with the intensification in the proportion of the marble waste aggregate, intensification in the resistance against the compressive loads has been observed. Also, the maximum resistance against the compressive loads was originated at 60% utilization of marble waste aggregate. Also, the maximum resistance against the flexural loads was originated at 18% utilization of limestone waste powder. The examination outcomes also revealed that with the intensification in the proportion of the marble waste aggregate, intensification in the resistance against the flexural loads has been observed. Also, the maximum resistance against the flexural loads was originated at 60% utilization of marble waste aggregate.
An Investigation of Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Drought Forecasting
Authors: Singh Karan , Shaikh Ayub , Deshmukh Arpan , Thorat Vinesh , Sharma Rashmi
Published: February 2023

Following the impact of droughts witnessed during the last decade there is an urgent need to develop a drought management strategy, policy framework, and action plan for Satara District. This study aims to provide a historical baseline using the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and meteorological drought maps, and to investigate the spatial and temporal trends using long-term historical precipitation records. Drought is a natural hazard that is difficult to quantify in terms of severity, duration, area and impact. The present study has been designed to evaluate the metrological drought for Man and Khatav (Maharashtra) using the Standard Precipitation index (SPI). The data and information obtained in this area to monitor and forecast drought can also be useful in future to control and reduce the impact of drought on drinking water and agriculture in this region. The SPI is calculated at Mann and Khatav in many series over different periods of time to show drought and drought-free years. The lowest rainfall in Khatav station was less than 200mm, while in Mann; it was about -2.5mm, indicating extremely dry seasons.
Research on the impact of Eggshell powder and Bagasse ash on fiber-reinforced environmentally friendly concrete
Authors: Ramotra Manik , Singh Harpreet
Published: February 2023

In today’s regenerating world it is an urgent need for the Disposal of waste material because this waste material is causing pollution as well as problem to humans. Disposal of some waste like metals can be done. But the disposal of waste like ash is only land disposal. which has a limit. This waste can easily be used in the construction industries as the mineral admixture in the concrete, which enhances the mechanical properties of concrete and impacts the physical appearance and chemical properties of the same. This paper deals with the research work done on concrete of grade M40 with the addition of mineral admixtures like eggshell powder and bagasse ash. This research work gives the result that using this item can increase the strength by 13 % in compression and 5% in tension. Using of Glass fiber can increase the tension strength of concrete up to 10% more. The use of this material can reduce the waste and helps to decrease the damage to environment
Analysis and characterization of modern and ancient mortars
Authors: Stoyanov V , Kostova B , Dumanov B
Published: February 2023

The analysis, characterization, and comparison of modern and ancient mortars provide fundamental (by tracing the change in the raw materials and recipes used from the past to the present) and practical (obtaining modern mortars compatible with the ancient) knowledge. This work aimed to characterize modern and ancient mortars by investigating their phase composition, binder-to-aggregate ratio, hydraulicity, and hygroscopic properties. The used methods for analyses were powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, and thermal analysis. A modern mortar (sample A) preparation was with a binder of white Portland cement and an aggregate of river sand. Ancient mortar samples (sample B - cocciopesto and sample C - lime mortar) collection were from Bulgarian archaeological sites allocated within the Roman period. The results define investigated sample A as pozzolanic mortar with hygroscopic properties, sample B - as hydraulic lime mortar with hygroscopic properties, and sample C – as lime mortar without any hygroscopic properties. Obtained results with these, achieved for phase composition and binder-to-aggregate ratio, show that modern mortar is not compatible with the Romans and is not suitable for reconstruction and conservation of masonry from these archaeological sites.
Dynamic analysis of structures using MATLAB
Authors: Melcer J , Valašková V
Published: February 2023

MATLAB is a very important program tool for engineers in practice. For its effective use, it is necessary to prepare students already during their studies at the university. Structural dynamics is an important engineering discipline. The presented paper deals with some applications of the MATLAB in the teaching of Structural Dynamics at the University of Zilina. It follows the legacy of Prof. Koloušek, the author of the slope deflection method in dynamics. It focuses on solving the eigenvalue problems of structures in teaching dynamics. In the appendix it presents lists of programs in MATLAB usable for calculation of natural values of beam structures and vehicle models in teaching process and engineering practice.
Formulation of parameter limit values for the operation of a large concrete gravity dam
Authors: Todorov O K , Petkova S S , Kisliakov D S
Published: February 2023

This study presents a coupled thermal-structural finite element analysis of a large concrete gravity dam in Bulgaria for exploring the dam response under different actual load combinations. The loads applied to the structure are caused by varying water level in the reservoir and ambient temperature typical for the respective seasons. The developed computational model was calibrated with real plumb measurements. Based on the performed analyses in the ANSYS environment, key limit values for the horizontal displacements measured by the plumbs in the dam as possibly caused by extreme combinations of ambient temperature and water level are formulated for further improvement of the dam operation.
Analysis of a column with variable, arbitrary shaped cross section, including initial imperfections, geometric and material nonlinearity
Authors: Traykov A. , Ganchovski N.
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we propose a general method for solving structural mechanics problems by developing a “functional model”. It is implemented by defining the required geometrical and physical relationships in their general form via analytical and numerical functions. For that purpose, a special programming language Calcpad is used. The obtained data structure is processed by a core engine, which generates the computer code, required for the solution. This model can be used for calculation of different partial cases, after specifying the specific input functions and parameters. In this way, the need for developing a different procedure for each separate case is eliminated. The proposed method is applied for the analysis of a column with variable, arbitrary shaped cross section, accounting for initial imperfections, geometric and material nonlinearity.
Seismic Response of Embedded Retaining Wall for Excavation Support
Authors: Mihova L , Topalska M
Published: February 2023

A comparative analysis of the solutions for the seismic impact on a flexible retaining wall designed to strengthen the construction excavation for a multi-storey building in Sofia has been performed. For this purpose, the following FEM calculation models of the interaction of the wall with the surrounding soil body were compiled: (1) a 1D beam-column-spring model of the wall, including spring support in its embedded length and pseudostatic seismic loading of the wall with active earth pressure, determined by the Mononobe-Okabe method; (2) a 2D model of the wall and soil body, with pseudostatic seismic loading in the form of inertial forces applied at the finite element nodes; (3) a time history FE analysis conducted with the accelerograms of two landmark earthquakes from the Balkan Peninsula - the 1976 Vrancea (Romania) earthquake and the 1986 Kalamata (Greece) earthquake. The pseudostatic seismic loading in analyzes (1) and (2) was determined on the basis of the reference pseudostatic acceleration of 2.3 m/s2, determined for the city of Sofia according to the seismic hazard map for Bulgaria. The accelerograms in analysis (3) were scaled to a maximum value of acceleration of PGA = 2.3 m/s2. The physical modelling of the soil body uses the HSM and HSsmall advanced constitutive laws, implemented in the Plaxis software.
Monitoring of road infrastructure operation indicators using mobile laser scanning
Authors: Ivanova E , Gospodinov S , Boyadzhieva D
Published: February 2023

The main problems of the national and local road infrastructure in the Republic of Bulgaria are the significant percentage of routes with poor and unsatisfactory operation indicators, and the significant number of road traffic accidents annually. This paper provides a summary assessment of Mobile Laser Scanning (MLS) as a means providing a package of activities that improve roads’ technical and operational parameters and increase road’s safety. It is noted that the use of MLS technology provides high-information value results, and surveying process is significantly faster and safer than that of conventional geodetic methods.
Geodesic Anosov flows, hyperbolic closed geodesics and stable ergodicity
Authors: Knieper Gerhard , Schulz Benjamin
Published: February 2023

In this paper we show that the geodesic flow of a Finsler metric is Anosov if and only if there exists a

C
2

C^2

open neighborhood of Finsler metrics all of whose closed geodesics are hyperbolic. For surfaces this result holds also for Riemannian metrics. This follows from a recent result of Contreras and Mazzucchelli [Duke Math. J. 173 (2024), pp. 347–390]. Furthermore, geodesic flows of Riemannian or Finsler metrics on surfaces are

C
2

C^2

stably ergodic if and only if they are Anosov.
An estimate for 𝐹-jumping numbers via the roots of the Bernstein-Sato polynomial
Authors: Mustaţă Mircea
Published: February 2023

Given a smooth, irreducible complex algebraic variety

X
X

and a nonzero regular function

f
f

on

X
X

, we give an effective estimate for the difference between the jumping numbers of

f
f

and the

F
F

-jumping numbers of a reduction

f
p

f_p

of

f
f

to characteristic

p
≫
0

p\gg 0

, in terms of the roots of the Bernstein-Sato polynomial

b
f

b_f

of

f
f

. In particular, we get uniform estimates only depending on the dimension of

X
X

. As an application, we show that if

b
f

b_f

has no roots of the form

−
l
c
t
(
f
)
−
n

-lct(f)-n

, with

n
n

a positive integer, then the

F
F

-pure threshold of

f
p

f_p

is equal to the log canonical threshold of

f
f

for

p
≫
0

p\gg 0

with

(
p
−
1
)
l
c
t
(
f
)
∈

Z

(p-1)lct(f)\in {\mathbf Z}

.