bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Mood, Perceived Exertion, and Performance During a 30-Second Wingate Test
Authors: Jodra Pablo , Domínguez Raúl , Sánchez-Oliver Antonio J. , Veiga-Herreros Pablo , Bailey Stephen J.
Published: June 2019

Purpose: Dietary supplementation with inorganic nitrate (NO3−) can enhance high-intensity exercise performance by improving skeletal muscle contractility and metabolism, but the extent to which this might be linked to altered psychophysiological processes is presently unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of NO3−-rich beetroot juice (BJ) supplementation on profile of mood states, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), and performance in a 30-second Wingate cycle test. Methods: In a double-blind, randomized, cross-over study, 15 subjects completed 2 laboratory sessions after ingesting NO3−-rich or NO3−-depleted (placebo) BJ. Participants initially completed the profile of mood states questionnaire. Subsequently, participants completed a warm-up followed by a 30-second all-out Wingate cycling test. After the Wingate test, participants immediately indicated the RPE of their leg muscles (RPEmuscular), cardiovascular system (RPEcardio), and general RPE (RPEgeneral). Results: Compared with the placebo condition, supplementation with BJ increased peak power output (Wpeak) (+4.4%, 11.5 [0.7] vs 11.1 [1.0] W·kg−1; P = .039) and lowered the time taken to reach Wpeak (7.3 [0.9] vs 8.7 [1.5] s; P = .002) during the Wingate test. The profile of mood states score linked to tension was increased prior to the Wingate test (4.8 [3.0] vs 3.4 [2.4]; P = .040), and RPEmuscular was lowered immediately following the Wingate test (17.7 [1.6] vs 18.3 [1.0]; P = .031), after BJ compared with placebo ingestion. Conclusions: Acute BJ supplementation improved pre-exercise tension, 30-second Wingate test performance, and lowered postexercise RPEmuscular.
Pigment darkening as case study of In-Air Plasma-Induced Luminescence
Authors: Barberio M. , Skantzakis E. , Sorieul S. , Antici P.
Published: June 2019

Plasma unravels the unsolved mysteries of art.
High thermal conductivity of high-quality monolayer boron nitride and its thermal expansion
Authors: Cai Qiran , Scullion Declan , Gan Wei , Falin Alexey , Zhang Shunying , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Chen Ying , Santos Elton J. G. , Li Lu Hua
Published: June 2019

Atomically thin boron nitride is one of the best thermal conductors among semiconductors and insulators.
Bacterial Genotyping of Central Nervous System Tuberculosis in South Africa: Heterogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Predominance of Lineage 4
Authors: van Leeuwen L. M. , Versteegen P. , Zaharie S. D. , van Elsland S. L. , Jordaan A. , Streicher E. M. , Warren R. M. , van der Kuip M. , van Furth A. M.
Published: June 2019

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM), the most severe extrapulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis, is caused by the pathogen
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
. The
M. tuberculosis
complex includes seven lineages, all described to harbor a unique geographical dissemination pattern and clinical presentation. In this study, we set out to determine whether a certain
M. tuberculosis
lineage demonstrated tropism to cause TBM in patients from Cape Town, South Africa.
Infect and Inject: How
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Exploits Its Major Virulence-Associated Type VII Secretion System, ESX-1
Authors: Tiwari Sangeeta , Casey Rosalyn , Goulding Celia W. , Hingley-Wilson Suzie , Jacobs, Jr. William R.
Published: June 2019

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
is an ancient master of the art of causing human disease. One important weapon within its fully loaded arsenal is the type VII secretion system.
M. tuberculosis
has five of them: ESAT-6 secretion systems (ESX) 1 to 5. ESX-1 has long been recognized as a major cause of attenuation of the FDA-licensed vaccine
Mycobacterium bovis
BCG, but its importance in disease progression and transmission has recently been elucidated in more detail. This review summarizes the recent advances in (i) the understanding of the ESX-1 structure and components, (ii) our knowledge of ESX-1’s role in hijacking macrophage function to set a path for infection and dissemination, and (iii) the development of interventions that utilize ESX-1 for diagnosis, drug interventions, host-directed therapies, and vaccines.
Myoclonic status epilepticus induced by cefepime overdose requiring haemodialysis
Authors: Garin Aude , Bavozet Florent
Published: June 2019

We report a case of cefepime neurotoxicity characterised by myoclonic status epilepticus with coma, in a context of acute renal failure and requiring one discontinuous conventional haemodialysis. Cefepime is a fourth-generation broad‐spectrum cephalosporin mainly used to treat hospital-acquired Gram-negative infections. Acute neurotoxicity is an increasingly reported adverse effect which occurs predominantly in patients with renal impairment. Renal replacement therapy has been proposed to treat this condition.
Pilot study: an intensive care unit sleep promotion protocol
Authors: Knauert Melissa P , Pisani Margaret , Redeker Nancy , Murphy Terry , Araujo Katy , Jeon Sangchoon , Yaggi Henry
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Disturbances, such as in-room activity and sound, are significant sources of sleep disruption among critically ill patients. These factors are potentially modifiable. We tested the impact of an intensive care unit (ICU) sleep promotion protocol on overnight in-room disturbance.

Methods

Our protocol restricted non-urgent bedside care from 00:00 to 03:59. Patients were assigned to usual care (n=30) or the sleep protocol (n=26). The primary outcomes were measures of in-room activity, sound and light. These three types of disturbance were compared between arms during a baseline time block (20:00–23:59) and a rest time block (00:00–03:59). We assessed the sleep protocol effect with generalised linear models.

Results

Usual care and sleep protocol patients had equivalent levels of in-room activity, sound and light during the baseline time block (20:00–23:59). In contrast, during the rest time block (00:00–03:59), the sleep protocol arm had 32% fewer room entries (rate ratio (RR) 0.68, p=0.001) and 9.1 fewer minutes of in-room activity (p=0.0002). Also, the length of time between room entrances increased from 26.4 to 45.8 min (p=0.0004). The sleep protocol arm also had lower sound during the rest time block. Mean A-weighted sound was 2.5 decibels lower (p=0.02), and there were 36% fewer peaks (RR 0.64, p=0.02). Light levels were highly variable and not changed by the sleep protocol.

Conclusions

Sleep promotion protocols can improve in-room activity and sound. This provides a better sleep opportunity and may, therefore, improve ICU sleep.

Trial registration number

1112009428
Echocardiographic measurements of aortic root diameter (ARD) in collegiate football Athletes at pre-participation evaluation
Authors: Reifsteck Fred , Clugston James R , Carek Stephen , Harmon Kimberly G , Asken Breton Michael , Dillon Michael C , Street Joan , Edenfield Katherine M
Published: June 2019

Background

Some remodelling of the aortic root may be expected to occur with exercise but can already vary due to different body sizes, compositions and genetic predispositions. Attributing the cause of borderline aortic root diameter (ARD) values to either physiological or pathological conditions in American college football athletes is difficult as there is very limited normal reference values in this population. Body surface area (BSA) specific norms are thought to be useful in other cardiac measurements of football athletes.

Methods

A retrospective cohort review of pre-participation examination (PPE) transthoracic echocardiogram data from collegiate football athletes was performed. ARD was analysed by field position (linemen, n=137; non-linemen, n=238), race (black, n=216; white, n=158) and BSA for predictive value and associations. Values were compared with non-athlete norms, and collegiate football athlete-specific normal tables were created.

Results

Only 2.7% of football athletes had ARD measurements above normal non-athlete reference values and the mean athlete ARD values werelowerthan non-athlete values. No athletes had an aortic root >40 mm or were disqualified due to underlying cardiac pathology. Univariate analyses indicated linemen position and increasing BSA was associated with larger values for ARD. BSA outperformed race in predicting ARD. Normal tables were created for ARD stratified by BSA group classification (low, average and high BSA). Proposed clinical cut-offs for normal and abnormal values are reported for raw echocardiograph metrics and their BSA indexed scores.

Conclusions

Non-athlete reference values for ARD appear applicable for defining upper limits of normal for most collegiate football athletes. BSA-specific normal values may be helpful in interpreting results for athletes that exceed non-athlete norms.
Early evaluation using a radiomic signature of unresectable hepatic metastases to predict outcome in patients with colorectal cancer treated with FOLFIRI and bevacizumab
Authors: Dohan Anthony , Gallix Benoit , Guiu Boris , Le Malicot Karine , Reinhold Caroline , Soyer Philippe , Bennouna Jaafar , Ghiringhelli Francois , Barbier Emilie , Boige Valérie , Taieb Julien , Bouché Olivier , François Eric , Phelip Jean-Marc , Borel Christian , Faroux Roger , Seitz Jean-Francois , Jacquot Stéphane , Ben Abdelghani Meher , Khemissa-Akouz Faiza , Genet Dominique , Jouve Jean Louis , Rinaldi Yves , Desseigne Françoise , Texereau Patrick , Suc Etienne , Lepage Come , Aparicio Thomas , Hoeffel Christine
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The objective of this study was to build and validate a radiomic signature to predict early a poor outcome using baseline and 2-month evaluation CT and to compare it to the RECIST1·1 and morphological criteria defined by changes in homogeneity and borders.

Methods

This study is an ancillary study from the PRODIGE-9 multicentre prospective study for which 491 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treated by 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) and bevacizumab had been analysed. In 230 patients, computed texture analysis was performed on the dominant liver lesion (DLL) at baseline and 2 months after chemotherapy. RECIST1·1 evaluation was performed at 6 months. A radiomic signature (Survival PrEdiction in patients treated by FOLFIRI and bevacizumab for mCRC using contrast-enhanced CT TextuRe Analysis (SPECTRA) Score) combining the significant predictive features was built using multivariable Cox analysis in 120 patients, then locked, and validated in 110 patients. Overall survival (OS) was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method and compared between groups with the logrank test. An external validation was performed in another cohort of 40 patients from the PRODIGE 20 Trial.

Results

In the training cohort, the significant predictive features for OS were: decrease in sum of the target liver lesions (STL), (adjusted hasard-ratio(aHR)=13·7, p=1·93×10–7), decrease in kurtosis (ssf=4) (aHR=1·08, p=0·001) and high baseline density of DLL, (aHR=0·98, p<0·001). Patients with a SPECTRA Score >0·02 had a lower OS in the training cohort (p<0·0001), in the validation cohort (p<0·0008) and in the external validation cohort (p=0·0027). SPECTRA Score at 2 months had the same prognostic value as RECIST at 6 months, while non-response according to RECIST1·1 at 2 months was not associated with a lower OS in the validation cohort (p=0·238). Morphological response was not associated with OS (p=0·41).

Conclusion

A radiomic signature (combining decrease in STL, density and computed texture analysis of the DLL) at baseline and 2-month CT was able to predict OS, and identify good responders better than RECIST1.1 criteria in patients with mCRC treated by FOLFIRI and bevacizumab as a first-line treatment. This tool should now be validated by further prospective studies.

Trial registration

Clinicaltrial.gov identifier of the PRODIGE 9 study:NCT00952029.

Clinicaltrial.gov identifier of the PRODIGE 20 study:NCT01900717.
Role of brain imaging in disorders of brain–gut interaction: a Rome Working Team Report
Authors: Mayer Emeran A , Labus Jennifer , Aziz Qasim , Tracey Irene , Kilpatrick Lisa , Elsenbruch Sigrid , Schweinhardt Petra , Van Oudenhove Lukas , Borsook David
Published: June 2019

Imaging of the living human brain is a powerful tool to probe the interactions between brain, gut and microbiome in health and in disorders of brain–gut interactions, in particular IBS. While altered signals from the viscera contribute to clinical symptoms, the brain integrates these interoceptive signals with emotional, cognitive and memory related inputs in a non-linear fashion to produce symptoms. Tremendous progress has occurred in the development of new imaging techniques that look at structural, functional and metabolic properties of brain regions and networks. Standardisation in image acquisition and advances in computational approaches has made it possible to study large data sets of imaging studies, identify network properties and integrate them with non-imaging data. These approaches are beginning to generate brain signatures in IBS that share some features with those obtained in other often overlapping chronic pain disorders such as urological pelvic pain syndromes and vulvodynia, suggesting shared mechanisms. Despite this progress, the identification of preclinical vulnerability factors and outcome predictors has been slow. To overcome current obstacles, the creation of consortia and the generation of standardised multisite repositories for brain imaging and metadata from multisite studies are required.
Clinical importance of molecular markers of adult diffuse glioma
Authors: Molinari Emanuela , Curran Olimpia E , Grant Robin
Published: June 2019

In 2016, the WHO incorporated molecular markers, in addition to histology, into the diagnostic classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumours. This improves diagnostic accuracy and prognostication: oligo-astrocytoma no longer exists as a clinical entity; isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant and 1p/19q co-deleted oligodendroglioma is a smaller category with better prognosis; IDH wild-type ‘low-grade’ glioma has a much poorer prognosis; and glioblastoma is divided into IDH mutant (with an better prognosis than pre-2016 glioblastoma) and IDH wild type (with a poorer prognosis). Previous advice based on phenotype alone will change with respect to median survival, best management plan and response to treatment. There are implications for routine neuropathology reporting and future trial design. Cases that are difficult to classify may need more advanced molecular genetic classification through DNA methylation-based classification of CNS tumours (Heidelberg Classifier). We discuss the practical implications.
A moment of inspiration
Authors: Crowe Carolyne
Published: June 2019

Finding sources of inspiration and energy is an important part of maintaining wellbeing during a busy working life. Here VDS Training consultant Carolyne Crowe shares reflections on the people, hobbies and processes that serve that function for her.
Resveratrol protects against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by improving lipid metabolism and redox homeostasis via the PPARα pathway
Authors: Huang Yujie , Lang Hedong , Chen Ka , Zhang Yong , Gao Yanxiang , Ran Li , Yi Long , Mi Mantian , Zhang Qianyong
Published: June 2019

Resveratrol (RSV), a well-known bioactive compound, has been reported to exert a broad range of health benefits. Accumulating evidence suggests that RSV is beneficial for many metabolic diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study investigated the preventive and therapeutic effects of RSV on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD in rats and palmitate acid (PA)-induced hepatocyte steatosis in HepG2 cells. Hepatocytes were incubated with inhibitors of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) or short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting PPARα, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and protein kinase A (PKA) to determine the underlying mechanisms. We found that RSV noticeably ameliorated HFD-induced hepatic steatosis in rats and inhibited PA-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. Moreover, RSV improved lipid metabolism, enhanced antioxidant capacity, and restored mitochondrial respiratory chain activities. Incubation with inhibitors of PPARα or PPARα siRNA abolished the protective effects of RSV on lipid metabolism and redox homeostasis. Furthermore, RSV activated the PKA/AMPK/PPARα signaling pathway. Our results provided direct evidence for a novel, PPARα-mediated mechanism responsible for the beneficial effects of RSV on hepatic steatosis. These findings may have important theoretical and application prospects for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.

Novelty RSV improved lipid metabolism and redox homeostasis and oxidative stress in NAFLD via the PKA/AMPK/PPARα signaling pathway. RSV may have a greater beneficial effect in the early prevention of hepatic steatosis.
RESIDUAL GOVERNMENT OWNERSHIP AND FIRM VALUE IN A TRANSITIONAL ECONOMY
Authors: VO XUAN VINH
Published: June 2019

There is a high level of residual government ownership after privatization processes of state-owned firms in many transitional economies. Accordingly, the role of residual government ownership in firms in these economies draws strong attention from researchers resulting in a huge volume of papers in the literature. This naturally motivates us to examine whether state ownership affects the firm value in Vietnam, a successful transitional economy. More specifically, this paper aims to provide further insights into the impact of residual government ownership on the value of privatized firms listed on the Ho Chi Minh City stock exchange covering the period from 2009 to 2014. Using panel data techniques of fixed effects estimator, our empirical results indicate that residual government ownership has a negative effect on value of Vietnamese firms. This finding provides important implications for different stakeholders in transitional countries.
A Meta-Algorithm for Improving Top-N Prediction Efficiency of Matrix Factorization Models in Collaborative Filtering
Authors: Yagci A. Murat , Aytekin Tevfik , Gurgen Fikret S.
Published: June 2019

Matrix factorization models often reveal the low-dimensional latent structure in high-dimensional spaces while bringing space efficiency to large-scale collaborative filtering problems. Improving training and prediction time efficiencies of these models are also important since an accurate model may raise practical concerns if it is slow to capture the changing dynamics of the system. For the training task, powerful improvements have been proposed especially using SGD, ALS, and their parallel versions. In this paper, we focus on the prediction task and combine matrix factorization with approximate nearest neighbor search methods to improve the efficiency of top-N prediction queries. Our efforts result in a meta-algorithm, MMFNN, which can employ various common matrix factorization models, drastically improve their prediction efficiency, and still perform comparably to standard prediction approaches or sometimes even better in terms of predictive power. Using various batch, online, and incremental matrix factorization models, we present detailed empirical analysis results on many large implicit feedback datasets from different application domains.
(Self-)Magnetized Bose–Einstein condensate stars
Authors: Quintero Angulo G. , Pérez Martínez A. , Pérez Rojas H. , Manreza Paret D.
Published: June 2019

We study magnetic field effects on the Equations-of-State (EoS) and the structure of Bose–Einstein Condensate (BEC) stars, i.e. a compact object composed by a gas of interacting spin-one bosons formed up by the pairing of two neutrons. To include the magnetic field in the thermodynamic description, we assume that particle–magnetic field and particle–particle interactions are independent. We consider two configurations for the magnetic field: one where it is constant and externally fixed, and another where it is produced by the bosons through self-magnetization. Stable configurations of self-magnetized and magnetized nonspherical BEC stars are studied using structure equations that describe axially symmetric objects. In general, the magnetized BEC stars are spheroidal, less massive and smaller than the nonmagnetic ones, being these effects more relevant at low densities. Nevertheless, star masses around two solar masses are obtained by increasing the strength of the boson–boson interaction. The inner magnetic field profiles of the self-magnetized BEC stars can be computed as a function of the equatorial radii. The values obtained for the core and surface magnetic fields are in agreement with those typically found in compact objects.
Titchmarsh–Weyl theory for q-Dirac systems
Authors: Allahverdiev Bilender P. , Tuna Hüseyin
Published: June 2019

In this work, we establish Titchmarsh–Weyl theory for singular [Formula: see text]-Dirac systems. Thus, we extend classical Titchmarsh–Weyl theory for Dirac systems to [Formula: see text]-analogue of this system. We show that it does not occur for the limit-circle case for the [Formula: see text]-Dirac system.
Compound bi-free Poisson distributions
Authors: Gao Mingchu
Published: June 2019

In this paper, we study compound bi-free Poisson distributions for two-faced families of random variables. We prove a Poisson limit theorem for compound bi-free Poisson distributions. Furthermore, a bi-free infinitely divisible distribution for a two-faced family of self-adjoint random variables can be realized as the limit of a sequence of compound bi-free Poisson distributions of two-faced families of self-adjoint random variables. If a compound bi-free Poisson distribution is determined by a positive number and the distribution of a two-faced family of finitely many random variables, which has an almost sure random matrix model, and the left random variables commute with the right random variables in the two-faced family, then we can construct a random bi-matrix model for the compound bi-free Poisson distribution. If a compound bi-free Poisson distribution is determined by a positive number and the distribution of a commutative pair of random variables, we can construct an asymptotic bi-matrix model with entries of creation and annihilation operators for the compound bi-free Poisson distribution.
Superharmonic and Subharmonic Resonances of Spiral Stiffened Functionally Graded Cylindrical Shells under Harmonic Excitation
Authors: Ahmadi Habib , Foroutan Kamran
Published: June 2019

This paper presents the superharmonic and subharmonic resonances of spiral stiffened functionally graded (SSFG) cylindrical shells under harmonic excitation. The stiffeners are considered to be externally or internally added to the shell. Also, it is assumed that the material properties of the stiffeners are continuously graded in the thickness direction. In order to model the stiffeners, the smeared stiffener technique is used. Within the context of the classical plate theory of shells, the von Kármán nonlinear equations are derived for the shell and stiffeners based on Hooke’s law and the relations of stress-strain. Using Galerkin’s method, the equation of motion is discretized. The superharmonic and subharmonic resonances are analyzed by the method of multiple scales. The influence of the material parameters and various geometrical properties on the superharmonic and subharmonic resonances of SSFG cylindrical shells is investigated. Considering these results, the hardening nonlinearity behavior and jump value of cylindrical shell is less and more than others, when the angle of stiffeners is [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively.
E-pharmacophore hypothesis strategy to discover potent inhibitor for influenza treatment
Authors: Rohini K. , Roy Roosha , Ramanathan K. , Shanthi V.
Published: June 2019

The surface protein of Influenza virus, Neuraminidase (NA), is believed to play a critical role in the release of new viral particle and thus spreads infection. It has been recognized as a valid drug target for anti-influenza therapy. Despite the number of available approved drugs for the influenza infection treatment, the emergence of resistant variants with novel mutations are the foremost challenges for the currently used NA inhibitors. Thus, the current investigation was carried out to ascertain potent inhibitors using computational strategies such as e-pharmacophore based virtual screening and docking approach. A three-dimensional e-pharmacophore hypothesis was generated based on the chemical features of complexes of the drugs and NA protein using PHASE module of Schrödinger suite. The generated hypothesis consisted of one hydrogen bond acceptor (A), two hydrogen bond donors (D), one negatively charged group (N) and one aromatic ring (R), ADDNR. The hypothesis was further evaluated for its integrity using enrichment analysis and used to filter out molecules with similar pharmacophoric features from approved, investigational and experimental subsets of DrugBank and ZINC database. In addition, ligand filtration was performed to curb down the molecules to an efficient collection of hit molecules by using Lipinski “rule of five and ADME analysis by using Qikprop module. Overall, the results from our analysis suggest that compound lisinopril and formoterol could serve as potent antiviral compounds for the treatment of influenza A virus infection. It is worth mentioning that the results correlate well with literature evidences.
Spectral densities of singular values of products of Gaussian and truncated unitary random matrices
Authors: Neuschel Thorsten
Published: June 2019

We study the densities of limiting distributions of squared singular values of high-dimensional matrix products composed of independent complex Gaussian (complex Ginibre) and truncated unitary matrices which are taken from Haar distributed unitary matrices with appropriate dimensional growth. In the general case, we develop a new approach to obtain complex integral representations for densities of measures whose Stieltjes transforms satisfy algebraic equations of a certain type. In the special cases in which at most one factor of the product is a complex Gaussian, we derive elementary expressions for the limiting densities using suitable parameterizations for the spectral variable. Moreover, in all cases we study the behavior of the densities at the boundary of the spectrum.
Polymer-Based Marine Antifouling and Fouling Release Surfaces: Strategies for Synthesis and Modification
Authors: Leonardi Amanda K. , Ober Christopher K.
Published: June 2019

In marine industries, the accumulation of organic matter and marine organisms on ship hulls and instruments limits performance, requiring frequent maintenance and increasing fuel costs. Current coatings technology to combat this biofouling relies heavily on the use of toxic, biocide-containing paints. These pose a serious threat to marine ecosystems, affecting both target and nontarget organisms. Innovation in the design of polymers offers an excellent platform for the development of alternatives, but the creation of a broad-spectrum, nontoxic material still poses quite a hurdle for researchers. Surface chemistry, physical properties, durability, and attachment scheme have been shown to play a vital role in the construction of a successful coating. This review explores why these characteristics are important and how recent research accounts for them in the design and synthesis of new environmentally benign antifouling and fouling release materials.
The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Asb2α in T Helper 2 Cells Negatively Regulates Antitumor Immunity in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Spinner Camille A. , Lamsoul Isabelle , Métais Arnaud , Febrissy Chanaëlle , Moog-Lutz Christel , Lutz Pierre G.
Published: June 2019

The escape of cancer cells from host immunosurveillance involves a shift in immune responses, including an imbalance in Th1 and Th2 cells. A Th1-dominated immune response predicts positive outcomes in colorectal cancer. The E3 ubiquitin ligase, Asb2α, is expressed in Th2 cells, but its roles in T-cell maturation and cancer are unclear. We provide evidence that the Th2 master regulator, Gata3, induces Asb2. Loss of Asb2 did not affect Th differentiation ex vivo, but reduced IL4 production from Th2 cells. We found that high ASB2 expression was associated with poor outcome in colorectal cancer. Loss of Asb2 from hematopoietic cells promoted a Th1 response and attenuated colitis-associated tumorigenesis in mice. Diminished Th2 function correlated with increased IFNγ production and an enhanced type 1 antitumor immune response in Asb2-deficient mice. Our work suggests that Asb2α promotes a Th2 phenotype in vivo, which in turn is associated with tumor progression in a mouse model of colitis.
СТАНДАРТИ НАДАННЯ МЕДИЧНОЇ ДОПОМОГИ ХВОРИМ НА ЦУКРОВИЙ ДІАБЕТ МЕДИЧНОЮ СЕСТРОЮ ЗАГАЛЬНОЇ ПРАКТИКИ
Authors: Reha N. I. , Vasilenko A. V. , Reha O. R. , Zolotyi Z. H.
Published: June 2019

У статті наведено примірний локальний протокол із надання медичної допомоги хворим на цукровий діабет медичною сестрою загальної практики, розроблений авторами на основі сучасних нормативних документів (уніфікованих клінічних протоколів із надання медичної допомоги хворим на цукровий діабет 1 та 2 типів).
СУЧАСНИЙ АЛГОРИТМ МЕДСЕСТРИНСЬКОГО ДОГЛЯДУ ЗА ХВОРИМИ НА БРОНХІАЛЬНУ АСТМУ
Authors: Liakh V. I. , Liakhovych R. M. , Doroshenko B. V. , Kitsak Ya. M.
Published: June 2019

У статті розглянуто проблему широкого поширення захворювань дихальної системи, а саме – бронхі­альної астми. Окрім етіології, клінічного перебігу, також висвітлено особливості сучасної діагностики та лікування цієї нозології на основі поглибленого аналізу наукових та інших літературних даних стосовно особливостей перебігу цього захворювання, особистого спілкування та спостереження за окремою пацієнткою розробити власний алгоритм комплексного медсестринського догляду за хворими з цією патологією.
Ethics assessment in research proposals adopting CRISPR technology
Authors: Hirsch Francois , Iphofen Ron , Koporc Zvonimir
Published: June 2019

The rapid and exponential growth of genome editing has posed many challenges for bioethics. This article briefly explains the nature of the technique and the particularly rapid development of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR) technology. The international and, specifically, European-level systems for assessing the ethical issues consequent on these developments are outlined and discussed. The challenges posed by cases in China are summarized to raise concerns about how a more shared, universally consistent appraisal of bioethical issues can be promoted.
An Old Author in the New World: Terence, Samuel Melyen, and the Boston Latin School c. 1700
Authors: Delwiche Theodore R.
Published: June 2019

This article examines the fine-grained practice of a classical education at seventeenth-century Boston Latin School. Building off wider early modern European practices, schoolboy and schoolmaster in Boston adapted Roman authors like Terence and Cicero to both pious and practical ends.
Notes on the Open Letter on Jung and ‘Africans’ Published in the British Journal of Psychotherapy in November 2018
Authors: Samuels Andrew
Published: June 2019

An Open Letter signed by an international and diverse group of Jungian analysts, clinicians and academics on the topic of Jung and ‘Africans’ was published in the British Journal of Psychotherapy in November, 2018. It is presented together with Notes written by Andrew Samuels.
Conceptualizing Universal Design for the Information Society through a Universal Human Rights Lens
Authors: Anthony Giannoumis G. , Stein Michael Ashley
Published: June 2019

Universal Design aims to ensure that everyone can equally use products, environments, programs, and services. This article examines the theoretical underpinnings and potential application of universal design by exploring its evolution through human rights and disability rights laws and policies. It is maintained that universal design arises from the complex relationship between human rights, disability rights, and access to and use of technology. Consequently, it is argued that in relation to the information society, it is most capable of promoting equal access and use of technology in three ways. First, universal design can increasingly account for human diversity. Second, universal design can progressively eliminate barriers to accessibility and usability. Third, universal design can augment broader participation in the design and development of technology. Conceptualising universal design foundations of usability and accessibility of technology as universal human rights precepts embraces social equality for everyone, and incorporates important but currently exclusive disability rights precepts.
Redescription of Mitodiplosis graminis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a gall midge inhibiting the flowering of pyp grass Ehrharta villosa (Poaceae) in South Africa
Authors: KOLESIK PETER , WOOD ALAN R.
Published: June 2019

Mitodiplosis graminis Kieffer, the only species of the genus Mitodiplosis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), was described in 1914 as the causative agent of an unspecified gall on pyp grass Ehrharta villosa (Poaceae) in South Africa. The type specimens are presumed lost. We reared all developmental stages of the gall midge, redescribe here the male and female, and describe for the first time the gall, egg, larva and the pupa. Diagnosis of the genus Mitodiplosis is extended. The gall is a large thickening of the stem that becomes malformed and does not produce flowers. Pyp grass is an environmental weed in Australia and New Zealand and M. graminis can potentially be used as a biological control agent. With a wing length of over 6 mm in some specimens, M. graminis is one of the largest species of Cecidomyiidae.
Drug Resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii Isolated from Cardiology Patients
Authors: Qin Chuan , Yang Shengguang , Liang Ling , Xu Yun , Wang Chuqiang , Zhao Yuezhong
Published: June 2019

Nosocomial infections caused by Acinetobacter baumannii are associated with high mortality, especially among critically ill patients. A. baumannii is highly resistant to long-term starvation, desiccation, disinfecting agents, and antibiotics, and its negative impact on
the cardiology patients is particularly severe. Thus, the present study aimed at the detection of molecular markers of antibiotic resistance in A. baumannii infecting patients in a hospital cardiology unit. Drug susceptibility of 100 A. baumannii strains obtained from the patients
of The Second People's Hospital of Futian District was determined, and the presence of genes coding for proteins implicated in antibiotic resistance was evaluated by conventional PCR and real-time PCR. Most of the strains found to be multi-drug resistant and strains not responding to meropenem
exhibited a high degree of homology. The resistant strains expressed two genes coding for class D β-lactamases: OXA-51 and OXA-23. Moreover, the AdeB gene, coding for a component of the AdeABC active efflux pumps, was also harbored in a vast majority of meropenem-resistant
A. baumannii strains. The obtained results indicate that the recognition of specific genes responsible for the resistance by molecular biology techniques provide a rapid method for identification of A. baumannii strains that do not respond to treatment with antibiotics, an issue
of critical importance for cariology patients.
miR-143 Regulated Inflammatory Pain by Target Rab1a in Spinal Dorsal Horn
Authors: Yin Cui , Wang Zhiyong , Guo Yubai , Ma Chao , Han Wencan , Zhang Cheng , Li Yanqiang
Published: June 2019

Inflammation induces changes in nociceptive neurons which contribute to both peripheral and central sensitization of pain-sensitive pathways. Plastic changes in sensory neuron excitability are considered the cellular basis of persistent pain. It is well investigated that microRNA can
modulate gene expression impact on pain. It has reported miR-143 was downregulated in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in inflammatory mice. However, less information is available about contribution of miRNA in pain behavior. Here, we demonstrate that miR-143 is also downregulated in spinal dorsal
horn. Local increase of miR-143 by using an miR-143 mimic can suppress established inflammatory pain. Furthermore, block miR-143 function was sufficient to cause pain-related behaviors in intact mice. miR-143 targeted the Rab1a gene, and decreased miR-143 associated with pain caused increased
Rab1a protein expression, independent of messenger RNA levels. Consistently, miR-143 overexpression in spinal cord suppressed increased Rab1a expression and normalized long-lasting hyperexcitability of nociceptive neurons. These findings demonstrate miR-143 downregulation is causally involved
in maintenance of inflammatory pain through regulation of Rab1a and miR-143 supplement offers a novel therapeutic strategy specific for chronic inflammatory pain.
A Novel Inductive Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Gene Detection Method Based on AuNPs and Bio-Barcode Signal Amplification
Authors: Jiang Pengfei , Haji Chomba , Ye Xiufang , Chang Menglei , Li Wenjun , He Xuliang , Chen Dongchu , Nie Libo
Published: June 2019

An inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and bio-barcode signal amplification was presented for the sensitive detection of gastric cancer related gene. The target DNA, magnetic nanoprobes and SiO2/AuNPs barcode probes
were hybridized to form a "sandwich" structure, then a large amount of AuNPs which were amplified by bio-barcode technology were detected by ICP-MS. This method presented a limit of detection as low as 1 fM. The ratio of the background-subtracted 197 Au signals for totally complementary
DNA, single-base mismatched DNA, double-base mismatched DNA and totally mismatched DNA was 115:30:16:1, respectively. It's suggested that the complementary and mismatched DNA can be distinguished clearly. This novel ICP-MS biosensor is prospective in DNA detection with high sensitivity and
specificity.
High Performance Cu2 O–CoO/SiC Nanocomposites for Gas-Phase Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol to Benzaldehyde
Authors: Dai Xiaodong , Hu Chunjian , Liu Huanrong
Published: June 2019

High-performance CoO–Cu2 O/SiC is prepared for the gas-phase aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol of benzaldehyde, which delivers much higher catalytic performance (92% benzyl alcohol conversion and 99% selectivity at 260 °C) than the solo CoO/SiC and Cu2
O/SiC. TEM image indicates that the small size CoO and Cu2 O nanoparticles are homogeneously distributed on the support. Control experiments indicate that Cu2 O–CoO interfaces are responsible for their better reaction performance.
A Reduced-Order Representation of the Madden–Julian Oscillation Based on Reanalyzed Normal Mode Coherences
Authors: Kitsios Vassili , O’Kane Terence J. , Žagar Nedjeljka
Published: June 2019

The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is presented as a series of interacting Rossby and inertial gravity waves of varying vertical scales and meridional extents. These components are isolated by decomposing reanalysis fields into a set of normal mode functions (NMF), which are orthogonal eigenvectors of the linearized primitive equations on a sphere. The NMFs that demonstrate spatial properties compatible with the MJO are inertial gravity waves of zonal wavenumber k = 1 and the lowest meridional index n = 0, and Rossby waves with (k, n) = (1, 1). For these horizontal scales, there are multiple small vertical-scale baroclinic modes that have temporal properties indicative of the MJO. On the basis of one such eastward-propagating inertial gravity wave (i.e., a Kelvin wave), composite averages of the Japanese 55-year Reanalysis demonstrate an eastward propagation of the velocity potential, and oscillation of outgoing longwave radiation and precipitation fields over the Maritime Continent, with an MJO-appropriate temporal period. A cross-spectral analysis indicates that only the MJO time scale is coherent between this Kelvin wave and the more energetic modes. Four mode clusters are identified: Kelvin waves of correct phase period and direction, Rossby waves of correct phase period, energetic Kelvin waves of larger vertical scales and meridional extents extending into the extratropics, and energetic Rossby waves of spatial scales similar to that of the energetic Kelvin waves. We propose that within this normal mode framework, nonlinear interactions between the aforementioned mode groups are required to produce an energetic MJO propagating eastward with an intraseasonal phase period. By virtue of the selected mode groups, this theory encompasses both multiscale and tropical–extratropical interactions.
Barrier Effect on MJO Propagation by the Maritime Continent in the MJO Task Force/GEWEX Atmospheric System Study Models
Authors: Ling Jian , Zhao Yuqing , Chen Guiwan
Published: June 2019

The simulated Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) events in 27 general circulation models (GCMs) are identified using an MJO tracking method. The results suggest that the occurrence frequencies of simulated MJO events can represent a model’s ability to simulate several characteristics of the MJO to a certain extent during boreal winter, such as propagation range, strength, and termination longitude. All tracked MJO events are classified into those that propagate through the Maritime Continent (MC) (MJO-C) and those that do not (MJO-B), and the weakening and blocking effects on MJO propagation by the MC in GCMs were quantified. In general, if a GCM shows a stronger weakening effect on MJO strength over the MC, it tends to produce a stronger blocking effect on MJO propagation over the MC during boreal winter. The barrier effect of the MC on MJO propagation is exaggerated in most GCMs, while it can be underestimated in some GCMs, especially the coupled GCMs. Strong lower-tropospheric premoistening is identified ahead of the MJO convection center when it is over the central MC for MJO-C but not for MJO-B in most GCMs. Such strong premoistening is mainly attributed to the zonal gradient of lower-tropospheric easterly anomalies within the front Walker cell, which could be a precursor leading to the eastward propagation of MJO convection. In contrast to the observation, the role of the background sea surface temperature and land–sea precipitation contrast in the barrier effect on MJO propagation by the MC is not well captured by most GCMs.
Mutant Dentin Sialophosphoprotein Causes Dentinogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Liang T. , Zhang H. , Xu Q. , Wang S. , Qin C. , Lu Y.
Published: June 2019

Dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) is an extracellular matrix protein highly expressed by odontoblasts in teeth. DSPP mutations in humans may cause dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGI), an autosomal dominant dentin disorder. We recently generated a mouse model (named “ DsppP19L/+ mice”) that expressed a mutant DSPP in which the proline residue at position 19 was replaced by a leucine residue. We found that the DsppP19L/+ and DsppP19L/P19L mice at a younger age displayed a tooth phenotype resembling human DGI type III characterized by enlarged dental pulp chambers, while the teeth of older DsppP19L/+ and DsppP19L/P19L mice had smaller dental pulp chambers mimicking DGI type II. The teeth of DsppP19L/+ and DsppP19L/P19L mice had a narrower pulp chamber roof predentin layer, thinner pulp chamber roof dentin, and thicker pulp chamber floor dentin. In addition, these mice also had increased enamel attrition, accompanied by excessive deposition of peritubular dentin. Immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses showed that the odontoblasts in both DsppP19L/+ and DsppP19L/P19L mice had reduced DSPP expression, compared to the wild-type mice. We also observed that the levels of DSPP expression were much higher in the roof-forming odontoblasts than in the floor-forming odontoblasts in the wild-type mice and mutant mice. Moreover, immunohistochemistry showed that while the immunostaining signals of dentin sialoprotein (N-terminal fragment of DSPP) were decreased in the dentin matrix, they were remarkably increased in the odontoblasts of the DsppP19L/+ and DsppP19L/P19L mice. Consistently, our in vitro studies showed that the secretion of the mutant DSPP was impaired and accumulated within endoplasmic reticulum. These findings suggest that the dental phenotypes of the mutant mice were associated with the intracellular retention of the mutant DSPP in the odontoblasts of the DSPP-mutant mice.
Development of the Orientation and Mobility Certification Examination
Authors: Wiener William R. , Siffermann Eileen
Published: June 2019

This article addresses the development of an orientation and mobility (O&M) certification examination by Division Nine of the Association for Education and Rehabilitation of the Blind and Visually Impaired (AER). It describes the collection of data that establish the relative importance of the competencies necessary for O&M. The certification examination will be administered by the Academy for Certification of Vision Rehabilitation and Education Professionals.
A Comparison of the Independent Living Skills of Primary Students with Visual Impairments and Their Sighted Peers: A Pilot Study
Authors: Lewis Sandra , Iselin Sandra A.
Published: June 2019

The parents of children with visual impairments and the parents of their same-age sighted peers were interviewed to determine their children's mastery of 101 daily living skills. As a whole, the children with visual impairments performed only 44% of the tasks independently, while the sighted children performed 84% of them independently.
Assistive Technology Needs in Public Libraries: A Survey
Authors: Eggett Colleen B.
Published: June 2019

The aims of this survey of 4,939 clients of the Utah State Library for the Blind and Disabled were to determine who would use assistive technology (AT) in their public libraries, to profile factors influencing its use, and to evaluate the level of awareness of available services. Less than a quarter of the participants reported that AT was available in their public libraries, and a higher proportion of younger than older people would use it if it were available.
The Views of Students with Visual Impairments on the Support They Received from Teachers
Authors: Chang Sophie Chien-Huey , Schaller James
Published: June 2019

This qualitative study investigated the perceptions of 12 adolescents with visual impairments regarding the support they received from teachers for their emotional and learning needs in both residential and mainstream schools.
Supporting the Transition of Visually Impaired Adults to Employment: European Union Innovations
Authors: Roy Archie W. N. , Storrow Kate , Spinks Robin
Published: June 2019

This article discusses ways in which programs have facilitated better understanding among European Union (EU) countries and specialist organizations that work with visually impaired people. It then describes several EU projects that are designed to support visually impaired adults to obtain employment and social integration.
Principles and Concepts for Information and Communication Technology Design
Authors: Adams Ray , Langdon Patrick
Published: June 2019

HCI (human computer interaction) offers various methods for universal design of ICT (information and communication technology) for people with special requirements. These methods include design heuristics, detailed models based on task analysis, and complex psychological models of the user. This article presents an alternative: simplex theory, which works on two levels that guide good practice and support applied research.
Wayfinding Technology: A Road Map to the Future
Authors: Baldwin Douglas
Published: June 2019

From a broad visionary perspective, this article examines three promising areas in which technology has the potential to revolutionize wayfinding for travelers who are blind: smart environments, smart consumers, and smart helpers. Its perspective is personal, based on the author's experience as the director of the Institute for Innovative Blind Navigation, and it is strongly influenced by the research and writings of popular futurists.