bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Description of the novel KIR2DL4*039 allele identified in a southern Chinese Han individual
Authors: Deng Z.‐H. , Cai S.‐Q. , Chen R.
Published: January 2018

The novel KIR2DL4*039 allele differs from the closest allele 2DL4*00602 by a single non‐synonymous mutation.
The violin bridge-island input filter
Authors: Gough Colin
Published: January 2018

The influence on the acoustics of the violin of the bridge and the island area between the f-holes is demonstrated by treating the body as a thin-walled shell structure. COMSOL finite element software is used as a quasi-experimental tool to identify and understand the coupling of the bridge, island area, offset soundpost, and bassbar to the radiating surfaces of the body shell by varying their properties, often over a wide range. The frequency dependence of the resulting input filter between the vibrating strings and body shell modes is derived using a quasi-statistical averaging approach involving the strong damping of the body shell modes. The bridge-island filter response over the whole playing range of the violin is shown to be strongly dependent on the properties of the bridge, island area, soundpost, and bassbar. Their properties influence both the intensity and tonal balance of the radiated sound and the broad Bridge-Hill feature in the vibro-acoustic response of many fine instruments.
Structural principles of tumor necrosis factor superfamily signaling
Authors: Vanamee Éva S. , Faustman Denise L.
Published: January 2018

Insights into the resting and active state structures of TNF superfamily receptors reveal opportunities for drug development.
Impact of evidence-based flipped or active-engagement non-flipped courses on student performance in introductory physics
Authors: Karim Nafis I. , Maries Alexandru , Singh Chandralekha
Published: January 2018

We describe the impact of physics education research-based pedagogical techniques in flipped and active-engagement non-flipped courses on student performance on validated conceptual surveys. We compare student performance in courses that make significant use of evidence-based active engagement (EBAE) strategies with courses that primarily use lecture-based (LB) instruction. All courses had large enrollment and often had 100–200 students. The analysis of data for validated conceptual surveys presented here includes data from large numbers of students from two-semester sequences of introductory algebra-based and calculus-based introductory physics courses. The conceptual surveys used to assess student learning in the first and second semester courses were the Force Concept Inventory and the Conceptual Survey of Electricity and Magnetism, respectively. In the research discussed here, the performance of students in EBAE courses at a particular level is compared with LB courses in two situations: (i) the same instructor taught two courses, one of which was a flipped course involving EBAE methods and the other an LB course, while the homework, recitations, and final exams were kept the same; (ii) student performance in all of the EBAE courses taught by different instructors was averaged and compared with LB courses of the same type also averaged over different instructors. In all cases, we find that students in courses that make significant use of active-engagement strategies, on average, outperformed students in courses using primarily LB instruction of the same type on conceptual surveys even though there was no statistically significant difference on the pretest before instruction. We also discuss correlation between the performance on the validated conceptual surveys and the final exam, which typically placed a heavy weight on quantitative problem solving.
Regulation of glucose metabolism in nondiabetic, metabolically obese normal-weight Asians
Authors: Ding Cherlyn , Chan Zhiling , Chooi Yu Chung , Choo John , Sadananthan Suresh Anand , Chang Amanda , Sasikala S. , Michael Navin , Velan S. Sendhil , Magkos Faidon
Published: January 2018

Type 2 diabetes in Asia occurs largely in the absence of obesity. The metabolically obese normal-weight (MONW) phenotype refers to lean subjects with metabolic dysfunction that is typically observed in people with obesity and is associated with increased risk for diabetes. Previous studies evaluated MONW subjects who had greater body mass index (BMI) or total body fat than respective control groups, making interpretation of the results difficult. We evaluated insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp); insulin secretion (mixed meal with oral minimal modeling); intra-abdominal, muscle, and liver fat contents (magnetic resonance); and fasting and postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations in 18 MONW subjects and 18 metabolically healthy controls matched for age (43 ± 3 and 40 ± 3 yr; P = 0.52), BMI (both 22 ± 1 kg/m2; P = 0.69), total body fat (17 ± 1 and 16 ± 1 kg; P = 0.33), and sex (9 men and 9 women in each group). Compared with controls, MONW subjects had an approximately twofold greater visceral adipose tissue volume and an approximately fourfold greater intrahepatic fat content (but similar muscle fat), 20–30% lower glucose disposal rates and insulin sensitivity, and 30–40% greater insulin secretion rates (all P < 0.05). The disposition index, fasting glucose, and HbA1c concentrations were not different between groups, whereas postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations were ~15% and ~65% greater, respectively, in MONW than control subjects (both P < 0.05). We conclude that the MONW phenotype is associated with accumulation of fat in the intra-abdominal area and the liver, profound insulin resistance, but also a robust β-cell insulin secretion response that compensates for insulin resistance and helps maintain glucose homeostasis.
Effects of heat and cold on health, with special reference to Finnish sauna bathing
Authors: Heinonen Ilkka , Laukkanen Jari A.
Published: January 2018

Environmental stress such as extremely warm or cold temperature is often considered a challenge to human health and body homeostasis. However, the human body can adapt relatively well to heat and cold environments, and recent studies have also elucidated that particularly heat stress might be even highly beneficial for human health. Consequently, the aim of the present brief review is first to discuss general cardiovascular and other responses to acute heat stress, followed by a review of beneficial effects of Finnish sauna bathing on general and cardiovascular health and mortality as well as dementia and Alzheimer's disease risk. Plausible mechanisms included are improved endothelial and microvascular function, reduced blood pressure and arterial stiffness, and possibly increased angiogenesis in humans, which are likely to mediate the health benefits of sauna bathing. In addition to heat exposure with physiological adaptations, cold stress-induced physiological responses and brown fat activation on health are also discussed. This is important to take into consideration, as sauna bathing is frequently associated with cooling periods in cold(er) environments, but their combination remains poorly investigated. We finally propose, therefore, that possible additive effects of heat- and cold-stress-induced adaptations and effects on health would be worthy of further investigation.
Modelling and Analysis of Automobile Vibration System Based on Fuzzy Theory under Different Road Excitation Information
Authors: Chen Xue-wen , Zhou Yue
Published: January 2018

A fuzzy increment controller is designed aimed at the vibration system of automobile active suspension with seven degrees of freedom (DOF). For decreasing vibration, an active control force is acquired by created Proportion‐Integration‐Differentiation (PID) controller. The controller’s parameters are adjusted by a fuzzy increment controller with self‐modifying parameters functions, which adopts the deviation and its rate of change of the body’s vertical vibration velocity and the desired value in the position of the front and rear suspension as the input variables based on 49 fuzzy control rules. Adopting Simulink, the fuzzy increment controller is validated under different road excitation, such as the white noise input with four‐wheel correlation in time‐domain, the sinusoidal input, and the pulse input of C‐grade road surface. The simulation results show that the proposed controller can reduce obviously the vehicle vibration compared to other independent control types in performance indexes, such as, the root mean square value of the body’s vertical vibration acceleration, pitching, and rolling angular acceleration.
Reduction of Pulmonary Air Leaks with a Combination of Polyglycolic Acid Sheet and Alginate Gel in Rats
Authors: Matoba Mari , Takagi Toshitaka , Tsujimoto Hiroyuki , Ozamoto Yuki , Ueda Jo , Hagiwara Akeo
Published: January 2018

Postoperative air leaks remain a major cause of morbidity after lung resection. This study evaluated the effect of a combination of polyglycolic acid (PGA) sheet and alginate gel on pulmonary air leaks in rats. Four pulmonary sealing materials were evaluated in lung injury: fibrin glue, combination of PGA sheet and fibrin glue, alginate gel, and combination of PGA sheet and alginate gel. With the airway pressure maintained at 20 cmH2O, a 2 mm deep puncture wound was created on the lung surface using a needle. Lowering the airway pressure to 5 cmH2O, each sealing material was applied. The lowest airway pressure that broke the seal was measured. The seal-breaking pressure in each experimental group was fibrin, 10.4±6.8 cmH2O; PGA + fibrin, 13.5±6.5 cmH2O; alginate gel, 10.3±4.9 cmH2O; and PGA + alginate, 35.8±11.9 cmH2O, respectively. The seal-breaking pressure was significantly greater in the PGA + alginate gel group than in the other groups (p<0.01). There were no significant differences among the other three groups. Alginate gel combined with a PGA sheet is a promising alternative to fibrin glue as a safe and low-cost material for air leak prevention in pulmonary surgery.
A Novel Quadrature‐Tracking Demodulator for LTE‐A Applications
Authors: Peng Kang-Chun , Lee Chan-Hung
Published: January 2018

This work develops an advanced quadrature‐tracking demodulation technique for coherently demodulating the orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (OFDM) signal of LTE‐A systems. To overcome the fact that traditional coherent demodulators are extremely sensitive to the quadrature imbalance of a system, especially an OFDM system, the proposed architecture uses a novel quadrature phase‐locked loop (QPLL) to track simultaneously the in phase (I‐phase) and the quadrature phase (Q‐phase) of the received signal. This advanced quadrature‐tracking demodulator is realized using TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS technology and hybrid circuits. Experimental results indicate that the developed quadrature‐tracking demodulator, which operates at 2.1~2.5 GHz, can effectively demodulate an 18 Mbps LTE‐A signal, even with a 15 degree quadrature imbalance.
An Efficient Three-Party Authentication Scheme for Data Exchange in Medical Environment
Authors: Chiou Shin-Yan , Lin Ching-Hsuan
Published: January 2018

Compared with traditional paper medical records, electronic medical records have many advantages such as easy transmission, high efficiency, better accuracy, and easier storage. The further development and penetration of electronic medical records will raise increasingly critical transmitted-data accuracy and security issues. Previous studies have proposed a verifier-based three-party authentication scheme and to provide high efficiency and security, with low computation and transmission costs. However, this protocol fails to achieve anonymity, is vulnerable to tracking attacks, and is inefficient. In this paper, we propose a new authentication scheme which provides patient anonymity and resistance to tracking attacks, while reducing computation and communication costs. The proposed system is easier to implement and is more suitable for use in remote electronic medical record exchange systems.
Three new endemic Aphyosemion species (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae) from the Massif du Chaillu in the upper Louessé River system, Republic of the Congo
Authors: ZEE JOUKE R. VAN DER , WALSH GINA , MIKEMBI VALDIE N. BOUKAKA , JONKER MICHIEL N. , ALEXANDRE MARCO P. , SONNENBERG RAINER
Published: January 2018

Three new ‘Aphyosemion’ species are described from the upper Louessé River in the Massif du Chaillu, Republic of the Congo, based on a combination of DNA, habitat preference, male colour pattern, and morphological data. ‘Aphyosemion’ cyanoflavum, new species, is a member of the ‘A’. ogoense group. It differs from its congeners by a unique colour pattern and cephalic sensory system which contains a wide supra-orbital groove with large, densely pigmented anterior neuromasts and dark frontal neuromasts housed in one pit with one central anterior lobe. ‘Aphyosemion’ mandoroense, new species, and ‘A’. cryptum, new species, are members of the ‘A’. coeleste group. ‘Aphyosemion’ cryptum, new species, is in appearance very similar to ‘A’. coeleste, but lacks the typical post opercular metallic green blotch and is generally larger in body size. Initial DNA analyses demonstrate that ‘A’. cryptum, new species, is more closely related to ‘A’. mandoroense, new species, than to ‘A’. coeleste, despite similarity in appearance. ‘Aphyosemion’ cryptum, new species, and ‘A’. coeleste occur syntopic in several locations in a sub-catchment of the upper Louessé system, however differ in microhabitat preference. ‘Aphyosemion’ mandoroense, new species, differs by male body and fin colour pattern from all species of the ‘A’. coeleste group except ‘A’. citrineipinnis. From the latter, it can be distinguished by the absence of red pigmentation and a dark grey to black margin in the unpaired fins.
New data on polymorphism of the meadow spittlebug Philaenus spumarius (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae) from the island of São Miguel (Azores)
Authors: BORGES PAULO A.V. , RODRIGUES ANA S.B. , SILVA SARA E. , SEABRA SOFIA G. , PAULO OCTÁVIO S. , QUARTAU JOSÉ A.
Published: January 2018

The meadow spittlebug, Philaenus spumarius (L.) (Hemiptera, Aphrophoridae) is a widespread insect species in the Holarctic region, exhibiting a dorsal colour balanced polymorphism. In the Azores the species is known from high elevations in Terceira and São Miguel islands. A sample of 235 individuals from Pico da Vara and Graminhais protected areas (São Miguel, Azores) (between 645 and 935 m a.s.l.), collected in 2000 and 2017, showed a remarkable high frequency of the melanic morphs flavicollis (FLA) and quadrimaculatus (QUA). In addition, a high frequency of melanics was observed in males. We explore the hypotheses for the origin of Azorean colonization and for the high proportion of melanism in the Azorean populations.
A missing chain? On the sociolinguistics of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Authors: Danylenko Andrii
Published: January 2018

A missing chain? On the sociolinguistics of the Grand Duchy of LithuaniaThe article critically assesses the theory of communicative networks and its applicability in the study of multilingualism as found in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL). The author analyzes foundations for postulating the existence of a speech community in the GDL and adduces counterarguments against viewing this community as a linguistic alliance of the Balkan type. The article offers new sociolinguistic and areal-typological methods of the study of language contacts. The author substantiates a systematic approach toward the problem of the ethnic attribution of Ruthenian. Based on the literary, linguistic, and cultural parameters, the author offers to drop the term ‘Old (Middle) Belarusian’ or ‘Old (Middle) Ukrainian’ in reference to this language. Brakujące ogniwo? Wielkie Księstwo Litewskie w świetle socjolingwistykiW artykule poddano krytycznej analizie teorię sieci komunikacyjnych i jej zastosowanie w badaniach nad wielojęzycznością na terenie Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego (dalej WKL). Autor rozpatruje podstawy zarówno postulowania istnienia wspólnoty językowej w WKL, jak i kontrargumenty przemawiające przeciwko postrzeganiu tej wspólnoty jako sojuszu językowego na wzór bałkański. Artykuł podaje nowe metody socjolingwistyczne i przestrzenno-typologiczne w badaniach kontaktu języków. Autor uzasadnia systemiczne podejście do zagadnienia etnicznej atrybucji języka rusińskiego. Na podstawie wskazań literaturoznawczych, językoznawczych i kulturowych postuluje zaniechanie posługiwania się w odniesieniu do tego języka terminami ‘staro-(średnio-) białoruski’ lub ‘staro-(średnio-)ukraiński’.
The capture of the Marienwerder Castle, or where the Teutonic Order’s expansion to the East was stopped
Authors: Almonaitis Vytenis
Published: January 2018

The capture of the Marienwerder Castle, or where the Teutonic Order’s expansion to the East was stoppedThis paper analyzes the construction, features, and significance of the Marienwerder castle, and its capture by Lithuanian forces in 1384. Located in what is now Kaunas, the castle represented the furthest eastern point of the Teutonic Order’s penetration into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. As the sparse historiography on it suggests, the event seems to have been overlooked by contemporary historians. In fact, this castle of the Teutonic Order was not just an ordinary fortress, but a mighty stronghold. A detailed analysis of primary sources allows classifying the capture of Marienwerder as a major event in the war between the Order and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania as well as one of the major victories scored by the latter. It may be concluded that the Teutonic Order’s expansion to the east, which had been started from Torun, was then stopped at Kaunas. Zajęcie zamku Marienwerder albo gdzie zakończyła się ekspansja zakonu krzyżackiego na wschódW artykule analizowane są budowa, znaczenie i zajęcie w 1384 r. zamku zakonu krzyżackiego Marienwerder, który mieścił się na terytorium miasta Kowna. Był to najbardziej wysunięty na wschód zamek krzyżacki, który najgłębiej wchodził w terytorium Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego. Skromna historiografia świadczy o tym, że został on zapomniany przez współczesnych historyków. A jednak mowa jest tu nie o zwykłej rezydencji zakonu, a o potężnej twierdzy. Szczegółowa analiza źródeł pierwotnych pozwala uważać zajęcie zamku Marienwerder za jedno z najważniejszych wydarzeń w wojnie między zakonem krzyżackim a Wielkim Księstwem Litewskim, jak również jednym z największych zwycięstw tego ostatniego. Można również twierdzić, że ekspansja zakonu na wschód, rozpoczęta od Torunia, zakończyła się na Kownie.
Catholics in Belarus: the Deconstruction of Polish Identity?
Authors: Golachowska Ewa
Published: January 2018

Catholics in Belarus: the Deconstruction of Polish Identity?The article discusses the transformations in the national identification of members of the younger generation of Catholics in Belarus through the context of the language changes resulting from the use of Belarussian in the Catholic Church and the increasing prestige attached to this language. The political transformations at the turn of the 1980s and 1990s, which led to modifications in the situation of the Church in Belarus, have influenced these processes. Simultaneously, the model of religiosity has undergone reconstruction so that it has gradually ceased to be linked with issues of national identification. Religious practices are becoming a more personal matter and are less dependent on social pressure. Similarly, the choice of one’s nationality in a diverse society have become an individual matter. Katolicy na Białorusi. Czy dekonstrukcja polskiej tożsamości?Tematem artykułu są przemiany identyfikacji narodowej młodego pokolenia katolików na Białorusi w kontekście zmian językowych związanych z używaniem w Kościele katolickim języka białoruskiego oraz wzrostem prestiżu tego języka. Do tych procesów przyczyniły się przeobrażenia polityczne przełomu lat osiemdziesiątych i początku dziewięćdziesiątych XX wieku, które przyniosły zmianę w sytuacji Kościoła na Białorusi. Równolegle miała miejsce przebudowa modelu religijności, który powoli odchodzi od zagadnień identyfikacji narodowej. Praktyki religijne i stają się sprawą osobistą, i mniej zależą od presji społecznej. Również wybory narodowościowe w zróżnicowanym społeczeństwie są sprawą indywidualną.
Dylematy tożsamościowe w obwodzie zaporoskim
Authors: Krasowska Helena
Published: January 2018

Dilemmas of Identity in the Zaporizhzhia OblastThis text is a review of Alla Karnaukh’s book. The review contains a brief overview of eight chapters of the book. The reviewer notes that this book fills a gap in the study of national and ethnic minorities in Berdiansk and the outskirts of Primorsk (Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Ukraine). From the Polish point of view it is a very useful book. According to the author of the review, despite a few mistakes and editorial faults, Alla Karnaukh’s book is important especially for researchers of Polish-Ukrainian and Polish-Russian relations. Dylematy tożsamościowe w obwodzie zaporoskimTekst jest recenzją książki Ally Karnaukh. Zawiera krótkie omówienie ośmiu rozdziałów składających się na treść tej książki. Recenzentka zauważa, że jest to pozycja, która wypełnia lukę w badaniach mniejszości narodowych i etnicznych w Berdiańsku i okolicach Primorska (obwód zaporoski). Z polskiego punktu widzenia jest rzeczą bardzo dobrą, że taka książka została napisana. Zdaniem autorki recenzji książka Ally Karnaukh, mimo pewnych błędów oraz usterek redakcyjnych, jest pozycją ważną zwłaszcza dla badaczy stosunków polsko-ukraińskich i polsko-rosyjskich.
The Birth of the "Polak-Katolik"
Authors: Porter-Szűcs Brian
Published: January 2018

The Birth of the Polak-KatolikThe concept of the Polak-Katolik emerged in the form we know it today only at the very end of the 19th century. While there were many earlier ways to express the complicated relationship between Polish national belonging and Roman Catholicism, the distinctive pairing of two hyphenated nouns signified a new stage in the history of this entanglement. Geneza pojęcia Polak katolikPojęcie Polak katolik w postaci, którą znamy dzisiaj, wyłoniło się dopiero pod sam koniec XIX wieku. Choć skomplikowany związek pomiędzy przynależnością do narodu polskiego a rzymskim katolicyzmem wyrażany był wcześniej na wiele sposobów, to jednak zestawienie i połączenie obu tych rzeczowników w jednej parze wyznaczyło nowy etap w dziejach tego splotu.
Nowe szaty króla? Konstruowanie i rekonstruowanie tradycji etnicznych we współczesnej Buriacji
Authors: Szczecińska-Musielak Ewa
Published: January 2018

The King’s New Clothes: Constructing and Reconstructing Ethnic Traditions in Contemporary BuriatiaThe text is a review of Ewa Nowicka’s book. The review contains an overview of field research and contents of the book. It convincingly shows how political and social elites of Russian Buriatia try to construct or reconstruct Buriat ethnic identity. The review demonstrates that the book fulfilled its aims. Nowe szaty króla? Konstruowanie i rekonstruowanie tradycji etnicznych we współczesnej BuriacjiTekst jest recenzją książki Ewy Nowickiej. Autorka książki pokazuje, w jaki sposób elity polityczne i społeczne rosyjskiej Buriacji próbują konstruować lub rekonstruować tożsamość etniczną, definiowaną jako tożsamość buriacka. W recenzji zwrócono uwagę na wnikliwą analizę omawianej problematyki, co sprawiło, że cel autorki został osiągnięty.
Wyobrażenia o narodzie we wsiach podhalańskich
Authors: Malewska-Szałygin Anna
Published: January 2018

National Imaginaries in the Podhale RegionThe article answers the question of the durability of national categories in local village discourses. By presenting the results of the research conducted using the ethnographic method in the villages of Podhale in the first years of the 21st century, it diagnoses the popularity of national ideas in their primordial form and argues that the reason behind the durability of national ideas in common conversations about politics results from the correlation between the national-conservative rhetoric and the village imaginaries that had been created during the multigenerational experience of working on an agricultural farm. Wyobrażenia o narodzie we wsiach podhalańskichArtykuł odpowiada na pytanie o trwałość kategorii narodowych w wiejskich dyskursach lokalnych. Relacjonując wyniki projektu badawczego realizowanego metodą etnograficzną we wsiach podhalańskich w pierwszych latach XXI wieku, diagnozuje popularność idei narodowych w ich prymordialnej postaci oraz argumentuje na rzecz tezy, że przyczyną trwałości idei narodowych w potocznych rozmowach o polityce jest dopasowanie narodowo-konserwatywnej retoryki do wcześniejszych wiejskich wyobrażeń wytworzonych w czasie wielopokoleniowego doświadczenia pracy w gospodarstwie rolnym.
Exploring the Relation of Spatial Access to Fast Food Outlets With Body Weight: A Mediation Analysis
Authors: Mackenbach Joreintje D. , Charreire Hélène , Glonti Ketevan , Bárdos Helga , Rutter Harry , Compernolle Sofie , De Bourdeaudhuij Ilse , Nijpels Giel , Brug Johannes , Oppert Jean-Michel , Lakerveld Jeroen
Published: January 2018

We examined explanatory pathways for the association between spatial access to fast food outlets and body weight in 5,076 European adults (18+). The total effect of spatial access to fast food outlets on self-reported weight status was examined using regression analyses accounting for clustering at the neighborhood level. Perceived availability and usage of fast food outlets, and fast food consumption, were considered as potential mediators and age, gender, socioeconomic status, and urban region as potential moderators. Spatial access to fast food outlets was not significantly related to weight status. Spatial access to fast food outlets was associated with perceptions about and usage of fast food outlets, and this was in turn associated with greater reported fast food consumption and unhealthier weight status. We found limited evidence for mediation effects and no evidence for effect modification.
Coping and resilience among ethnoracial individuals experiencing homelessness and mental illness
Authors: Paul Sayani , Corneau Simon , Boozary Tanya , Stergiopoulos Vicky
Published: January 2018

Background:

The multiple challenges that ethnoracial homeless individuals experiencing mental illness face are well documented. However, little is known about how this homeless subpopulation copes with the compounding stressors of racial discrimination, homelessness and mental illness.

Aims:

This study is an in-depth investigation of the personal perceived strengths, attitudes and coping behaviors of homeless adults of diverse ethnoracial backgrounds experiencing homelessness and mental illness in Toronto, Canada.

Method:

Using qualitative methods, 36 in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted to capture the perspectives of ethnoracial homeless participants with mental illness on coping and resilience. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results:

Similar to prior findings in the general homeless population, study participants recognized personal strengths and attitudes as great sources of coping and resilience, describing hope and optimism, self-esteem and confidence, insight into their challenges and spirituality as instrumental to overcoming current challenges. In addition, participants described several coping strategies, including seeking support from family, friends and professionals; socializing with peers; engaging in meaningful activities; distancing from overwhelming challenges; and finding an anchor.

Conclusion:

Findings suggest that homeless adults with mental illness from ethnoracial groups use similar coping strategies and sources of resilience with the general homeless population and highlight the need for existing services to foster hope, recognize and support individual coping strategies and sources of resilience of homeless individuals experiencing complex challenges.
Optimal Salesforce Sizing and Compensation Cost: A Mathematical Approach
Authors: Madhani Pankaj M.
Published: January 2018

Salesforce constitutes one of an organization’s most productive and most expensive assets and has a major impact on overall performance of the sales organization. Salesforce sizing affects profitably of a sales organization by affecting both revenues and costs. The salesforce size affects customers, salespeople and the overall sales organization. A salesforce that is of the right size is challenged and motivated, but not overworked, connects with customers effectively, sales compensation costs are reasonable and sales as well as profitability of the organization is strong. The organization that is more effective than others (e.g., sales growth, profit contribution, market position and customer satisfaction) has a more optimal salesforce size. There are many internal and external factors affecting salesforce sizing decisions such as strategic objectives, product maturity, competitive environment, market trends and financial goals. All these factors together determine optimal return of investment for salesforce investment. This research provides a mathematical model for practicing managers to determine the optimal size of a salesforce.
Advancing Coherent Theories of Change in Special Education Teacher Education Research: A Response to the Special Issue on the Science of Teacher Professional Development
Authors: Brownell Mary T. , Leko Melinda M.
Published: January 2018

In this article, the authors provide a response to the special issue The Science of Teacher Professional Development: Iterative Design Studies Across Content Areas. In doing so, they present the framework of professional development (PD) enactment developed by Mary Kennedy and apply it to the three studies highlighted in this special issue. They also present implications regarding the advancement of coherent theories of change within special education teacher education research.
Decolonizing Family Photographs: Ecological Imaginaries and Nonrepresentational Ethnographies
Authors: Doucet Andrea
Published: January 2018

This article lays out my process of developing an ecological and nonrepresentational approach for conducting an ethnography of family photos as objects of investigation, practices, and sites for the making and remaking of decolonizing stories and histories. It is rooted in a three-part project on family photographs: first, an ongoing project with a three-generation Indigenous family who has a history with Canada’s residential school system; second, revisiting my own family photo albums that include photos of missionary nuns in my family who had worked in Indigenous schools and communities in the 1950s–60s; and third, the development of a politico-ethico-onto-epistemological approach for viewing and analyzing family photos and narratives from and about photographs. The article focuses on the latter two parts of this project. Informed by my reading of Lorraine Code’s “ecological thinking” approach to knowledge making, I bring Code into conversation with Phillip Vannini’s “nonrepresentational ethnographies” combined with new materialist writing on performativity and vitality; selected Indigenous scholars’ writing on ontological multiplicity, knowledge making as relationship, and the making of life worlds; Margaret Somers’s approach to nonrepresentational narratives and ontological narrativity; and Annette Kuhn’s work on analyzing family photographs and cultural memory. I demonstrate this approach through the analysis of one of my family photos. I also reflect on the ethical challenges of attempting to analyze a different kind of family photo, such as photos of residential schooling that are increasingly on display in media, online, and in public venues. I argue for the need to address representational issues of social injustice in nonrepresentational approaches and a recognition that there are sites and times—especially in cases of human rights abuses, violence, or trauma—when nonrepresentational ethnographies and narratives call for strategic negotiation with representation.
Rethinking militarism as ideology: The critique of violence after security
Authors: Eastwood James
Published: January 2018

This article argues for a reformulation of the concept of ‘militarism’ as ideology. Although existing sociological approaches have been suspicious of an understanding of militarism as ideology, these criticisms have misrepresented the implications of adopting such a concept. By returning to Althusser’s classic study of ideology, and complementing it with more recent psychoanalytic approaches that emphasize the centrality of desire, the article shows that thinking of militarism as ideology can be complementary to existing sociological studies. Moreover, though, it argues that such a reformulation brings with it key advantages. This is because it foregrounds the task of anti-militarist critique in a way that has hitherto been lacking. To demonstrate this point, the article considers the contribution that a concept of militarism as ideology could make to existing debates in critical security studies. Recent debates in this subfield have examined the ethical ramifications of various understandings of security for the pursuit of violence. However, these arguments have frequently reached a deadlock because of an inadequate understanding of the nature of militarism, one that borrows implicitly from prevalent sociological definitions of the concept. Instead, the article presents an understanding of militarism as ideology as a way out of these difficulties, showing how a critique of violence based on this concept of militarism rather than security can be more effective.
Victim Empowerment, Safety, and Perpetrator Accountability Through Collaboration: A Crisis to Transformation Conceptual Model
Authors: White Jacquelyn W. , Sienkiewicz Holly C.
Published: January 2018

This article describes the development of the Victim Empowerment, Safety, and Perpetrator Accountability through Collaboration (VESPAC) model based on a grounded theory analysis of congressionally mandated and permissible purpose areas for grants authorized by the Violence Against Women Act. These areas are reflective of ongoing and emerging needs of victims and agencies serving victims and are rooted in the expertise, insight, and concerns of those who work most closely with victims and perpetrators on a regular basis. Analysis resulted in five overarching and interconnected themes: Community Readiness, Victim Services, Justice Responses, Coordinated Community Responses, and Cultural Relevance. The final model emphasizes the centrality of coordinated community responses to ensure that the remaining components of the model work in tandem across time to achieve victim safety and perpetrator accountability in a culturally appropriate way. The model also may help agencies, coalitions, and communities think “big” and consider more strategically about where their strengths best fit in the vast scope of victim needs necessary to meet safety goals and where they might benefit most from the expertise of partners.
Archetypes of Service Innovation
Authors: Helkkula Anu , Kowalkowski Christian , Tronvoll Bård
Published: January 2018

Service innovation is a key source of competitive differentiation across firms and markets. Despite growing attention from practitioners and academics alike, systematic scholarly inquiry into service innovation’s diverse theoretical foundations has to date been limited. This article explores different approaches to service innovation and proposes a typology of four archetypes, each informed by a distinct theoretical perspective and by different underlying assumptions. Process-based and output-based archetypes focus on value-adding phases and output value, respectively. Experiential and systemic archetypes have attracted less attention but become central for firms seeking to cocreate phenomenologically determined value within the service ecosystem. The article also contributes to service innovation research and practice by bringing together the existing archetypes, which were previously treated separately. Juxtaposing these archetypes and emphasizing value and value cocreation, the article proposes an integrative view of how novel value cocreation can be enhanced in service innovations. Finally, we develop an agenda for future research, encouraging researchers and managers to plan service innovations systematically, deploying each archetype in value cocreation, and combining them within an integrative approach.
Board Gender Diversity in the STEM&F Sectors: The Critical Mass Required to Drive Firm Performance
Authors: Wiley Carolyn , Monllor-Tormos Mireia
Published: January 2018

This study investigates the link between board gender diversity (BGD) and firm performance (FP). The analysis is conducted using Fortune 500 firms in the Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and Finance (STEM&F) sectors covering a period of seven years, from 2007 to 2013. The theoretical framework combines several theories that give shape to the critical mass effect of BGD on FP. This shape shows that below the critical mass threshold, BGD may represent a disadvantage to the board as it may facilitate the formation of subgroups, dysfunctional conflicts, and distrust. However, at or above the critical mass threshold, BGD facilitates better monitoring of management, greater resource provisions, and divergent thinking. To ensure sound results, this study addresses endogeneity concerns regarding omitted variable bias, reverse causality, and dynamic endogeneity. These results support a significant U-shaped relationship between the number of female directors and FP in the STEM&F sectors. That is, BGD yields higher FP when there is a critical mass of women on the board. This finding remains robust when alternative proxies for BGD and FP are employed and is consistent with the predictions of our theoretical framework. Our analysis also reveals that the positive effect of BGD on FP increases when there is at least a critical mass of 30% of women on a corporate board. This finding suggests that boards that have reached a critical mass of 30% of women present a favorable environment to capitalize on innovative ideas arising from BGD.
The Role of Leader’s Humility in Facilitating Frontline Employees’ Deep Acting and Turnover: The Moderating Role of Perceived Customer-Oriented Climate
Authors: Zhou Jinyi , Li Yawen
Published: January 2018

Many cultures recognize humility as an important human virtue. However, there is scant research on a possible relationship between leader’s humility and employees’ emotional labor. The current study, based on strong-situation hypothesis, posits that within the service industry, leader’s humility could determine and facilitate employee’ deep acting and turnover. Moreover, the mediating effect of deep acting is moderated by employees’ perceptions of the organization’s customer-oriented climate. The study is based on self-reported and archival data of 157 frontline employees at a hospital in China. The results generally support the hypotheses. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are also discussed.
Understanding How Perceived Leader Integrity Affects Follower Trust: Lessons From the Use of Multidimensional Measures of Integrity and Trust
Authors: Moorman Robert H. , Blakely Gerald L. , Darnold Todd C.
Published: January 2018

Even though much research has emerged recently supporting the importance of perceived leader integrity judgments on how followers develop trust in their leaders, our efforts to understand possible mechanisms for these relationships have not yet yielded detailed explanations. One reason for this is that most research on perceived leader integrity and trust has used unidimensional measures of each construct, even though recent research has called for more complex treatments of them. The purpose of this study is to couple the use of a recently developed, multidimensional measure of perceived leader integrity with a multidimensional measure of trust to examine possible explanations of how they relate. Results support the value of modeling perceived integrity in two dimensions and support a more nuanced model of how integrity may affect trust when trust is similarly modeled as multiple dimensions. We discuss the implications of these findings for our understanding of how leader integrity may affect trust and other outcomes.
How I use catheter-directed interventional therapy to treat patients with venous thromboembolism
Authors: Vedantham Suresh , Sista Akhilesh K.
Published: January 2018

Patients who present with severe manifestations of acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) are at higher risk for premature death and long-term disability. In recent years, catheter-based interventional procedures have shown strong potential to improve clinical outcomes in selected VTE patients. However, physicians continue to be routinely faced with challenging decisions that pertain to the utilization of these risky and costly treatment strategies, and there is a relative paucity of published clinical trials with sufficient rigor and directness to inform clinical practice. In this article, using 3 distinct clinical scenario presentations, we draw from the available published literature describing the natural history, pathophysiology, treatments, and outcomes of VTE to illustrate the key factors that should influence clinical decision making for patients with severe manifestations of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. The results of a recently completed pivotal multicenter randomized trial are also discussed.
Splenectomy for immune thrombocytopenia: down but not out
Authors: Chaturvedi Shruti , Arnold Donald M. , McCrae Keith R.
Published: January 2018

Splenectomy is an effective therapy for steroid-refractory or dependent immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). With the advent of medical alternatives such as rituximab and thrombopoietin receptor antagonists, the use of splenectomy has declined and is generally reserved for patients that fail multiple medical therapies. Splenectomy removes the primary site of platelet clearance and autoantibody production and offers the highest rate of durable response (50% to 70%) compared with other ITP therapies. However, there are no reliable predictors of splenectomy response, and long-term risks of infection and cardiovascular complications must be considered. Because the long-term efficacy of different second-line medical therapies for ITP have not been directly compared, treatment decisions must be made without supportive evidence. Splenectomy continues to be a reasonable treatment option for many patients, including those with an active lifestyle who desire freedom from medication and monitoring, and patients with fulminant ITP that does not respond well to medical therapy. We try to avoid splenectomy within the first 12 months after ITP diagnosis for most patients to allow for spontaneous or therapy-induced remissions, particularly in older patients who have increased surgical morbidity and lower rates of response, and in young children. Treatment decisions must be individualized based on patients’ comorbidities, lifestyles, and preferences. Future research should focus on comparing long-term outcomes of patients treated with different second-line therapies and on developing personalized medicine approaches to identify subsets of patients most likely to respond to splenectomy or other therapeutic approaches.
The Micro Origins of International Business-Cycle Comovement
Authors: di Giovanni Julian , Levchenko Andrei A. , Mejean Isabelle
Published: January 2018

This paper investigates the role of individual firms in international business-cycle comovement using data covering the universe of French firm-level value added and international linkages over the period 1993–2007. At the micro level, trade and multinational linkages with a particular foreign country are associated with a significantly higher correlation between a firm and that foreign country. The impact of direct linkages on comovement at the micro level has significant macro implications. Without those linkages the correlation between France and foreign countries would fall by about 0.098, or one-third of the observed average correlation of 0.291 in our sample of partner countries. (JEL F14, F23, F44, F62, L14)
Jurisdição processual e democracia: advento da audiência de conciliação e de mediação, efetivação dos meios equivalentes e acesso à justiça
Authors: Cunha Jânio Pereira da , Gutierrez Daniel Mota
Published: January 2018

Versa sobre os meios consensuais de resolução de conflitos, especificamente a conciliação e a mediação. Investiga-se, de início, se tais meios alternativos à jurisdição tradicional se compatibilizam com os valores democráticos, de tal sorte a viabilizar a participação popular dos litigantes na interpretação e aplicação do Direito. Discute-se, depois, acerca da fisionomia normativa da conciliação e da mediação no sistema jurídico brasileiro, destacando as principais inovações trazidas pelo novo Código de Processo Civil (NCPC), com relação à introdução da audiência de conciliação e de mediação.    Perquire-se, empós, se as alterações normativas procedidas nos institutos sobreditos representam avanço ou retrocesso no ideal de acesso à justiça. Conclui-se que a conciliação e a mediação constituem instrumentos que podem proporcionar a participação direta dos cidadãos na administração da justiça e que a reformulação implementada pelo NCPC nesses procedimentos judiciais aproxima o sistema processual civil pátrio dos conceitos contemporâneos de jurisdição democrática e acesso à justiça.
Ao relator, tudo: o impacto do aumento do poder do ministro relator no Supremo
Authors: Hartmann Ivar Alberto Martins , Ferreira Lívia Da Silva
Published: January 2018

O presente trabalho busca analisar as alterações gradativas na legislação processual que aumentaram dos poderes do relator nos tribunais, buscando identificar as consequências destas mudanças no Supremo Tribunal Federal. Para tal, foram analisados: o conteúdo das Leis nº 9.139/95 e nº 9.756/98, que alteraram o art. 557 do CPC/73; os objetivos que motivaram a aprovação das referidas leis; a conexão entre os referidos diplomas normativos e a efetividade do processo; e resultados de estudos empíricos sobre a aplicação do art. 557. Por fim, apresentamos um estudo sobre a atuação do relator no STF, realizado através da base de dados do projeto Supremo em Números, da FGV Direito Rio. Concluiu-se que as decisões monocráticas - de mérito e liminares - dos relatores do STF superam em muito as decisões colegiadas, não apenas no controle concreto de constitucionalidade, mas também no concentrado. Este resultado aponta que o Supremo tem atuado não como um tribunal, mas como um conjunto de juízes individuais autônomos.
Simplificação contábil para micro e pequenas empresas
Authors: Varella Marcelo D. , Oliveira Clarice Gomes de , Costa Cleíse Martins , Messere Michelle
Published: January 2018

O presente trabalho aborda a aproximação e simplificação da normativa contábil destinada às microempresas e empresas de pequeno porte. Para tanto, o texto discorre sobre a internacionalização das normas contábeis realizada por meio da adoção do padrão IFRS, emitido pelo órgão internacional IASB, e identifica a falta de simplificação desse padrão para o grupo das micro e pequenas empresas. A principal questão gira em torno do fato de as micro e pequenas empresas fazerem uso da contabilidade somente para fins de controle fiscal e não de controle organizacional, como seria desejável. Assim, o trabalho evidencia a importância de se compreender as consequências das exigências legais impostas, de modo que seja possível simplificar e adequar a norma à realidade das micro e pequenas empresas.
Can constitutive rules create a practice?
Authors: Lorini Giuseppe
Published: January 2018

The author investigates the role of constitutive rules in the construction of social reality. He denies that constitutive rules are a sufficient condition of a practice such as a chess game. To create a new practice with rules, it is necessary that there already be the grammar of this practice, that is, the sense of this practice (for example, the sense of game). It is the grammar of a practice and not its constitutive rules that determines the nature of a practice. The sense of a practice cannot be created by constitutive rules.