bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CEO entrepreneurial orientation, human resource management systems, and employee innovative behavior: An attention‐based view
Authors: Liu Yueyue , Xi Meng , Wales William J.
Published: November 2023

Research Summary

Chief executive officer (CEO) entrepreneurial orientation (EO) is an emerging topic within entrepreneurship research. This research offers the attention‐based view (ABV), and its principles of attentional focus, situated attention, and structural distribution of attention to explain how CEO EO fosters an innovative organizational workforce. We theorize that CEO EO predicts lower‐level employee innovative behavior when their top managerial attentional focus on entrepreneurship is translated into high‐performance work practices, which structurally distribute their strategic attention throughout the organization and promotes a situated attentional condition for employees emphasizing innovation. Moreover, we consider (a) human‐resource management (HRM) perceived importance and (b) departmental functional foci as boundary conditions. Using a multi‐level and multi‐source sample from 152 Chinese firms, results support our arguments.

Managerial Summary

Employee innovative behavior is critical to firm growth, renewal, and sustainability. By collecting and analyzing data on 2745 employees nested in 586 departments nested in 152 organizations, we examine the critical role that human resource management (HRM) systems and high‐performance work practices may play in translating a CEOs emphasis on entrepreneurial activity into employee innovative behavior. We offer and observe support for an attention‐based perspective that HRM systems serve as “attentional structures” which channel CEO preferences to lower‐organizational levels. Our results further indicate that an embrace of HRM as a strategic priority among top managers, as well as whether employees are in “boundary spanning” input–output areas of the business, to be meaningful factors which strengthen the effect of HRM‐based attentional structures upon employee innovative behavior.
Synthesis, Characterization and Apoptosis Capabilities of a Novel Naphthoquinone‐Derived Compound in Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Adacan Kaan , Gokmen Zeliha , Okan Akar Remzi , Ozyıldız Zeynep , Dinçer Hatice , Karakaş Didem , Ulukaya Engin
Published: November 2023

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women and the second leading cause of cancer‐related deaths. Because triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is highly resistant to clinically employed drugs, developing new drugs and treatment approaches is imperative. Naphthoquinone compounds potentially induce cancer cell death, and their clinical derivatives have been widely used as medicines. This study presents the synthesis and structure of a newly substituted naphthoquinone compound, as determined by spectroscopic techniques, then assesses the compound‘s ability to induce cell death on the MDA‐MB‐231 cell line using SRB viability testing, flow cytometry, and Western Blotting. The study also examines the compound‘s inhibition of cell migration through a scratch assay. The study discovered that the compound demonstrated an antigrowth/cytotoxic impact at concentrations of 3.12 μM and beyond. The cytotoxicity may have been caused by elevated reactive oxygen species, which resulted in DNA damage. The mode of cell death was apoptotic, confirmed by the translocation of phosphatidylserine, the activation of caspases, and the disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential. The compound seems promising as a new anti‐malignant agent to be used for the treatment of breast cancer and deserves further attention for proof‐of‐concept in animal studies.
Synthesis, Curing Kinetics, and Properties of a Novel Phthalazine‐Based Phthalonitrile Resin
Authors: Jia Dianqiu , Rong Jianxin , Wu Minjie , Chen Xinggang , Yu Xiaoyan , Zhang Qingxin
Published: November 2023

A novel phthalazine‐based phthalonitrile resin was prepared by two different curing procedures. The phthalonitrile monomer, namely, 4,4′‐(((phthalazine‐1,4‐diylbis(oxy))bis(3,1‐phenylene))bis(oxy))diphthalonitrile (PDOP), was synthesized from the reaction of 1, 4‐dichloropthalazine, resorcinol, and 4‐nitrophthalonitrile. Its curing behavior and curing kinetics with 4‐(4‐aminophenoxy)phthalonitrile (APPH) were investigated by Differential Scanning Calorimetric (DSC). Isoconversional method based on Starink was applied to analyze the curing process of PDOP/APPH. The PDOP monomer exhibits a low melting point (89 °C) and a wide processing window (146 °C). The PDOP polymer mainly forms triazine, isoindoline, and phthalocyanine structure, as revealed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and its properties improved with the increase of post‐curing temperature and curing time. After post‐curing at 350 °C, the polymer has high storage modulus (3313 MPa), high glass‐transition temperature (380 °C), and outstanding thermal stability and thermal oxidation stability.
Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity, Phytotoxicity, Molecular Docking & Dynamic Simulations of Benzothiazole Functionalized C−C Linked Pyrazolyl‐Thiazoles
Authors: Kamra Nisha , Rani Suman , Kiran  , Thakral Sumit , Parshad Mahavir , Tyagi Prateek , Sharma Deepansh , Sindhu Jayant , Kumar Devinder
Published: November 2023

Synthesis of phenyl/benzothiazole functionalized C−C linked pyrazolyl‐thiazoles has been achieved from non‐lachrymatory α‐tosyloxy pyrazolylketones with different thioamides. The pyrazolyl‐thiazoles were characterized by spectroscopic studies and evaluated for antimicrobial activity and phytotoxicity. Compound 6 n displayed better activity with MIC value of 0.0045 μmol/mL against Gram‐positive bacteria B. cereus in comparison to the standard drug Ciprofloxacin (0.0047 μmol/mL). Compound 6 i displayed better activity against fungal strain C. albicans (MIC=0.0152 μmol/mL) in comparison to the standard drug Fluconazole (0.0204 μmol/mL). Compound 6 o diplayed 95 % cell viability against Mouse Fibroblast cell line and 100 % plant seed germination. Docking studies at the topoisomerase II DNA gyrase B (PDB ID: 1KZN) and C. albicans (PDB ID: 1IYL) were used to investigate potential interactions between the most active compound and the receptor protein. The stability of the compounds with 1KZN and 1IYL by molecular dynamic simulations showed that 6 r, 6 n and 6 i present leading structures for next drug development because of their simple synthesis and useful bioactivity.
Construction of AuNPs/UiO‐66−NH2 Decorated Microcantilever Immunosensor for Efficient Detection of Procalcitonin
Authors: Leng Junling , Zhang Yawen , Zhang Yuefei , Tan Zhongbing , Zhao Yuchi , Yao Hang , Chong Hui , Wang Chengyin
Published: November 2023

In this study, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were grown on the surface of a metal‐organic framework (UiO‐66−NH2). The resulting AuNPs/UiO‐66−NH2 composite nanomaterials were further used for antibody immobilization on a microcantilever surface. By harnessing the robust signal processing capabilities of integrated circuits, a highly sensitive piezoelectric microcantilever sensor was constructed. The incorporation of nanomaterials resulted in enhanced antibodies immobilization amount, thereby improving the immunosensor‘s sensitivity. Under optimized experimental conditions, a promising linear correlation (R=0.993) was observed between the voltage output intensity of the microcantilever sensor and the logarithmic PCT concentration within a range of 0.1–50 ng/mL. The constructed microcantilever immunosensor based displayed several advantages such as simplicity, rapidity, high sensitivity, and low cost. Moreover, it potentially provided a novel approach to detect other biomolecules.
Development and validation of stability indicating high‐performance thin‐layer chromatographic method for estimation of Rifapentine in pharmaceutical formulation
Authors: Ghantiwala Nehal B. , Dedania Zarna , Dedania Ronak , Patel Unnati
Published: November 2023

A simple, accurate, and precise method is described for stability indicating a high‐performance thin‐layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method for development and validation in the pharmaceutical dosage form. The method was based on HPTLC separation of the drug by measurement of the spot at 478 nm. Separation was carried out on silica gel 60GF254 by using mobile phase methanol:toluene:acetic acid (3:7:0.1, v/v/v). The linearity range was between 500–3000 ng/spot with a coefficient of determination 0.999, respectively. The retardation value found was 0.55 ± 0.02 and the % recovery was found to be 100.610 ± 0.035%–101.0178 ± 0.035%. The limit of detection value for Rifapentine was 92.901 ng/spot and the limit of quantitation for Rifapentine was found to be 281.52 ng/spot. Forced degradation studies were carried out under various conditions. In acidic conditions, the % degradation was found to be 20.07%. In alkaline and oxidative conditions, the % degradation was found to be 61.27% and 11.12%. Photolytic and thermal conditions the % degradation was found to be 49.75% and 8.35%. Maximum degradation was found in alkaline condition with 61.27%, an assay for the marketed formulation was carried out and the amount of drug was found to be 149 ± 0.05 mg with a % of 99.25% ± 0.005%.
Preparation and Characterization of Homogeneous Blend of Dietary Fiber and Starch Based on Ionic Liquids
Authors: Zhao Zhe , Chen Dan , Gao Wanxin , Prakash Sangeeta , Wan Jie
Published: November 2023

In this study, a homogeneous blend of starch and dietary fiber (DF), which contained both water‐soluble and water‐insoluble compositions, is prepared in ionic liquids. The morphology and structure of the regenerated blend are studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It is found that the morphological structures of both original starch and DF are destroyed, and a homogeneous morphological structure is formed for the blend during the dissolution‐regeneration process in ionic liquids. Though no new chemical combination is observed from the infrared spectrum of the regenerated blend, the shift of absorption peaks appeared due to the destruction of the hydrogen bond during the dissolution of ionic liquids. The XRD results showed that the regenerated blend showed a disordered structure which is different from the orderly crystalline structure of original starch and DF. The disordered structure may result in the reduction of thermal stability. Among three ionic liquids 1‐allyl‐3‐methylimidazole chloride ([AMIM]Cl), 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazole chloride ([EMIM]Cl), and 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazole acetate ([EMIM]OAc), [EMIM]Cl has the best solubility to the blend and also has the most disruptive to the native structure of starch and DF, correspondingly.
A reliability evaluation method for complex systems based on the editable GSPN and adaptive Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Zeng Yining , Sun Youchao , Xu Tao , Su Siyu
Published: November 2023

This paper presents an innovative EGSPN (Editable Generalized Stochastic Petri Net) model, optimizing the size of GSPN (Generalized Stochastic Petri Net) while preserving its core benefits. Specifically, the EGSPN introduces a transition termed “editable transition,” which allows for the establishment of any dynamic logic, thereby circumventing the intricacies associated with the EGSPN model structure. A Monte Carlo (MC) simulation technique is put forth for EGSPN analysis, enhanced by the integration of Sobol sequences with a Bayesian optimizer. This MC simulation approach, unbounded by any specific distribution constraints, exhibits accelerated convergence rates. To address the issue of preset sampling size, an adaptive sampling strategy rooted in confidence intervals has been proposed. By real‐time computation of margin of errors under varying confidence levels, simulations can be halted prior to reaching the preset sampling size. This method strikes a balance between reduced simulation time and maintained accuracy. The applicability and efficacy of the proposed method are further elucidated through a numerical example of a flight control system.
Multi‐level enhancement of structural behavior of bracing systems with coupling beams at floor level
Authors: Rahnama Mohammad Younes , Mirghaderi Seyed Rasoul , Bahaari Mohammad Reza
Published: November 2023

Despite good rigidity, braced frames have weak nonlinear behavior and inadequate distribution of ductility in stories, which cause significant structural damage. In this research, a seismic resistant system called coupled concentrically braced frame (CCBF) is developed to enhance the performance of braced frames by coupling them with a beam. In this case, the coupling beams are the primary source for ductility of the system, and after their yielding in more severe earthquakes, the structure continues to benefit from the ductility of the braces as the secondary source; therefore, the system has two‐level behavior caused by different probable seismic excitations. In this case, in addition to maintaining the stiffness of the two concentrically braced frames, the coupling beams resist against the movement of the braced frames, and as a result, the stiffness of the system is increased. Therefore, lighter elements can be used to resist lateral loads. Linear and nonlinear analyses of CCBF, and its comparison with other braced frames, indicate that participation of the coupling beams provides an adequate stiffness and ductility. These frames have more stable nonlinear behavior than conventional ones and continue their nonlinear behavior even after fracture of coupling beams in severe earthquakes.
Progress and Perspectives on Promising Covalent‐Organic Frameworks (COFs) Materials for Energy Storage Capacity
Authors: Shahzad Umer , Marwani Hadi M. , Saeed Mohsin , Asiri Abdullah M. , Repon Md. Reazuddin , Althomali Raed H. , Rahman Mohammed M.
Published: November 2023

In recent years, a new class of highly crystalline advanced permeable materials covalent‐organic frameworks (COFs) have garnered a great deal of attention thanks to their remarkable properties, such as their large surface area, highly ordered pores and channels, and controllable crystalline structures. The lower physical stability and electrical conductivity, however, prevent them from being widely used in applications like photocatalytic activities and innovative energy storage and conversion devices. For this reason, many studies have focused on finding ways to improve upon these interesting materials while also minimizing their drawbacks. This review article begins with a brief introduction to the history and major milestones of COFs development before moving on to a comprehensive exploration of the various synthesis methods and recent successes and signposts of their potential applications in carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration, supercapacitors (SCs), lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), and hydrogen production (H2‐energy). In conclusion, the difficulties and potential of future developing with highly efficient COFs ideas for photocatalytic as well as electrochemical energy storage applications are highlighted.
Vocabulary Talk Moves: Using Language to Promote Word Learning
Authors: Anderson Blythe E.
Published: November 2023

Vocabulary knowledge plays a critical role in supporting text comprehension and broader learning across the school day. While school offers opportunities to build vocabulary knowledge, studies have shown that very little time is devoted to vocabulary instruction at the elementary level. This may be, in part, because educators commonly report being unsure of how to support students' vocabulary development. In this article, I present 10 vocabulary talk moves aligned with research on word learning and show how these moves were used in early‐elementary science lessons. Using these vocabulary talk moves can help educators promote word learning across the school day.
Peritoneopericardial hernia in dogs
Authors: Vasconcellos Vitória Magalhães , de Almeida Gabriel Moraes , Castañon Cecília Ribeiro , Leal Gabriela Ramos
Published: November 2023

Congenital diaphragmatic peritoneopericardial hernia in dogs is attributed to a failure in the development of the transverse septum and may cause clinical signs. Its diagnosis is usually made through chest radiographic examination, where it is possible to detect cardiomegaly and the presence of abdominal organs in the pericardial sac. The aim of this study was to report two cases of peritoneopericardial hernia in asymptomatic bitches. The patients presented a lack of appetite and vomiting for different reasons, which led the veterinarians to request abdominal ultrasounds, which, in both cases, were suggestive of diaphragmatic peritoneopericardial hernia. In Case 1, a Doppler echocardiogram was also performed, and in Case 2, a contrast‐enhanced chest x‐ray confirmed the diagnosis. Although surgical treatment can be used, in the reported cases it was unnecessary. Therefore, the treatment chosen was conservative, maintaining the clinical follow‐up and keeping the patient's quality of life without surgical interventions.
p53 and RNA viruses: The tug of war
Authors: Pal Apala , Tripathi Sachin Kumar , Rani Priya , Rastogi Meghana , Das Saumitra
Published: November 2023

Host factors play essential roles in viral infection, and their interactions with viral proteins are necessary for establishing effective pathogenesis. p53 is a host factor that maintains genomic integrity by controlling cell‐cycle progression and cell survival. It is a well‐known tumor suppressor protein that gets activated by various stress signals, thereby regulating cellular pathways. The cellular outcomes from different stresses are tightly related to p53 dynamics, including its alterations at gene, mRNA, or protein levels. p53 also contributes to immune responses leading to the abolition of viral pathogens. In turn, the viruses have evolved strategies to subvert p53‐mediated host responses to improve their life cycle and pathogenesis. Some viruses attenuate wild‐type p53 (WT‐p53) function for successful pathogenesis, including degradation and sequestration of p53. In contrast, some others exploit the WT‐p53 function through regulation at the transcriptional/translational level to spread infection. One area in which the importance of such host factors is increasingly emerging is the positive‐strand RNA viruses that cause fatal viral infections. In this review, we provide insight into all the possible mechanisms of p53 modulation exploited by the positive‐strand RNA viruses to establish infection.

This article is categorized under:

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein‐RNA Interactions: Functional Implications

Translation > Regulation

RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Synthesis, structure, photoluminescence and magnetism of a series of cobalt‐lanthanide heterometallic complexes originated from 2,3‐dichlorobenzoate and 1,10‐phenanthroline
Authors: Shen Yue , Qu Tian‐Biao , Chen Fei‐Yue , Zhang Xin‐Yue , Liu Bin‐Qiu , Zhang Ju‐Wen
Published: November 2023

A series of 3d–4f heterometallic complexes, namely [Ln2Co2(2,3‐DCB)10(phen)2] [Ln=Nd (1), Sm (2), Eu (3), Gd (4), Tb (5), Dy (6), Er (7)], were obtained through the self‐assembly reactions of Ln(NO3)3 ⋅ nH2O, Co(NO3)2 ⋅ 6H2O, 2,3‐dichlorobenzoic acid (2,3‐HDCB), NaOH and 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen) under solvothermal conditions. Their crystal structures were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. They were also characterized by elemental analysis, FT‐IR, powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermoanalysis (DTA). These seven complexes have the same molecular formula but different crystal structures. Complexes 1–3, 4 and 5 as well as 6 and 7 are crystallographically isomorphous, respectively. They all exhibit zero‐dimensional (0D) linear tetranuclear cluster structures. These 0D linear tetranuclear clusters can be further connected into a two‐dimensional (2D) supramolecular network via the extensive intermolecular π–π interactions between 2,3‐DCB and phen. The photoluminescent properties of 3, 5 and 6 and the magnetic properties of 1–2 and 4–7 were investigated. Complex 6 shows a slow magnetic relaxation behavior.
Dynamic instability characteristics of graphene‐reinforced cellular sandwich plates using a three‐variable isogeometric approach
Authors: Nguyen Nam V.
Published: November 2023

The primary objective of the current study is to introduce a potent computational model for analyzing the dynamic instability response of advanced sandwich plate models subjected to various time‐dependent in‐plane edge loadings. To achieve this, we employ the finite element formulations derived from high‐order shear deformation plate theory (HSDT) involving only three unknowns in conjunction with NURBS‐based isogeometric analysis. Additionally, advanced sandwich plate models are constituted by a middle layer with either a uniform or symmetric porosity distribution and two outer layers which are reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) to boost dynamic structural performance. The fundamental dynamic instability region of the sandwich plates can be then obtained by solving the Mathieu‐Hill equation using the Bolotin's method. Numerous numerical studies are performed to evaluate the impacts of numerous input parameters on the dynamic stability behavior of the cellular three‐layer plate structures. The crucial role of internal porosity distribution as well as GNPs reinforcement phase in enhancing the instability performance of the cellular structures is thoroughly evaluated. With the current results, this research provides important insights into the development and application of cellular materials as well as the GNPs for designing advanced engineering structures in the future.
Bristol Cable: A Local Hybrid Organisation
Authors: Konow-Lund Maria
Published: November 2023

Investigative journalism has long been described as ‘in decline’ thanks to aspects such as layoffs and faltering business models (Carson, 2020; Konieczna, 2018), and local journalism has faced similar financial difficulties as well as downsizing in its newsrooms (Franklin, 2013; Williams et al., 2015). The consequences for journalistic practice of the media industry’s prioritising of economic efficiency have been obvious as well—for one thing, individual reporters’ workloads have increased significantly, with a corresponding decline in the quality of the news. The watchdog function of local newsrooms—that is, their ‘democracy-enabling role’ of holding the powerful to account (Williams et al., 2015, p. 204)—has been undermined as well. The present study addresses the fact that, despite the persistence of what Rachel Howells (2015) calls ‘black holes’ in local news coverage, some of the most interesting entrepreneurial actors in UK investigative journalism have chosen the local market in which to establish themselves, including the two cases discussed below, Bristol Cable and the Bureau Local (our next chapter). Although we would argue that such recent start-ups remain under-investigated, some studies do exist (Konow-Lund, 2019, 2020, Birnbauer, 2019; Colbran, 2022; Konieczna, 2018; Price, 2017). Colbran, for example, focuses on ‘how the non-profits are challenging journalistic “norms” and expanding the Fourth Estate role of the investigative journalist’ (Colbran, 2022, p. 115). Here, we are interested in how these actors respond to their local contexts and construct their production practices in hybrid and innovative ways in relation to organisational structure as well as technology. Hybridisation is here understood as the blending of traditional practices with new methods within journalism, or, as Chadwick writes, what happens when ‘older and newer media logics in the field of media and politics blend, overlap, intermesh, and coevolve’ (2013, p. 4).
Youth Entrepreneur Ecosystem
Authors: van der Westhuizen Thea
Published: November 2023

Chapter 2 established that the mind uses various brain processes when thinking, feeling, and choosing responses to life experiences. Youth entrepreneurs gain said life experiences through being and interacting within ecosystems. This chapter, therefore, proposes the establishment of an ecosystem to promote youth entrepreneurship. This proposed theoretical ecosystem model has been practically created and applied to youth entrepreneurs as a means to test their entrepreneurial mindset and discover the enablers and barriers that youth entrepreneurs come into contact within relation to their ecosystems.
Analytical estimation of the signal to noise ratio efficiency in axion dark matter searches using a Savitzky-Golay filter
Authors: Yi A. K. , Ahn S. , Ko B. R. , Semertzidis Y. K.
Published: November 2023

Abstract

The signal to noise ratio efficiency ϵSNR in axion dark matter searches has been estimated using large-statistic simulation data reflecting the background information and the expected axion signal power obtained from a real experiment. This usually requires a lot of computing time even with the assistance of powerful computing resources. Employing a Savitzky-Golay filter for background subtraction, in this work, we estimated a fully analytical ϵSNR without relying on large-statistic simulation data, but only with an arbitrary axion mass and the relevant signal shape information. Hence, our work can provide ϵSNR using minimal computing time and resources prior to the acquisition of experimental data, without the detailed information that has to be obtained from real experiments. Axion haloscope searches have been observing the coincidence that the frequency independent scale factor ξ is approximately consistent with the ϵSNR. This was confirmed analytically in this work, when the window length of the Savitzky-Golay filter is reasonably wide enough, i.e., at least 5 times the signal window.
BK channels sustain neuronal Ca2+ oscillations to support hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory formation
Authors: Pham Thomas , Hussein Tamara , Calis Dila , Bischof Helmut , Skrabak David , Cruz Santos Melanie , Maier Selina , Spähn David , Kalina Daniel , Simonsig Stefanie , Ehinger Rebekka , Groschup Bernhard , Knipper Marlies , Plesnila Nikolaus , Ruth Peter , Lukowski Robert , Matt Lucas
Published: November 2023

Mutations of large conductance Ca2+- and voltage-activated K+ channels (BK) are associated with cognitive impairment. Here we report that CA1 pyramidal neuron-specific conditional BK knock-out (cKO) mice display normal locomotor and anxiety behavior. They do, however, exhibit impaired memory acquisition and retrieval in the Morris Water Maze (MWM) when compared to littermate controls (CTRL). In line with cognitive impairment in vivo, electrical and chemical long-term potentiation (LTP) in cKO brain slices were impaired in vitro. We further used a genetically encoded fluorescent K+ biosensor and a Ca2+-sensitive probe to observe cultured hippocampal neurons during chemical LTP (cLTP) induction. cLTP massively reduced intracellular K+ concentration ([K+]i) while elevating L-Type Ca2+ channel- and NMDA receptor-dependent Ca2+ oscillation frequencies. Both, [K+]i decrease and Ca2+ oscillation frequency increase were absent after pharmacological BK inhibition or in cells lacking BK. Our data suggest that L-Type- and NMDAR-dependent BK-mediated K+ outflow significantly contributes to hippocampal LTP, as well as learning and memory.
A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing suprapatellar versus infrapatellar approach intramedullary nailing for tibal shaft fractures
Authors: Wang Zhongqing , Xiong Xianmei , Lu Zesheng , Gao Yijia
Published: November 2023

Background

The application of the suprapatellar (SP) approach has challenged the traditional infrapatellar (IP) approach in the surgery treatment of tibial shaft fractures, yet the advantages and disadvantages still remain controversial. We included more high-quality studies for this meta-analysis and systematic review to evaluate the clinical outcomes and prognosis of both approaches and thus to provide new ideas for surgeons.

Method

We searched literatures from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases from January 2000 to December 2022. We extracted general information including sample size, gender, proportion of open fracture, follow-up time, and outcome indicators including entrance accuracy, fluoroscopy time, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, Lysholm score, VAS pain score, range of motion (ROM) function score, reposition accuracy, and revision cases. Cochrane Collaboration's tool and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale were used to evaluate literature qualities. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software.

Results

A total of 23 studies were generated that qualified for inclusion, 17 of which were used for meta-analysis. This study found statistically significant differences in coronal plane entrance accuracy, fluoroscopy time, Lysholm score, and VAS pain score.

Conclusion

The results of our meta-analysis showed that the SP approach was significantly better than the IP approach in angle and distance entrance accuracy of coronal plane, angle entrance accuracy of sagittal plane, fluoroscopy time, Lysholm score, and VAS pain score. There were no significant differences in sagittal angle accuracy, operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and ROM score.
Evaluation of distribution of emerging mycotoxins in human tissues: applications of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
Authors: Castell Ana , Arroyo-Manzanares Natalia , Palma-Manrique Rosa , Campillo Natalia , Torres Carmen , Fenoll José , Viñas Pilar
Published: November 2023

In this work, a complete study of the distribution of emerging mycotoxins in the human body has been carried out. Specifically, the presence of enniatins (A, A1, B, B1) and beauvericin has been monitored in brain, lung, kidney, fat, liver, and heart samples. A unique methodology based on solid–liquid extraction (SLE) followed by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) was proposed for the six different matrices. Mycotoxin isolation was performed by adding ultrapure water, acetonitrile, and sodium chloride to the tissue sample for SLE, while the DLLME step was performed using chloroform as extraction solvent. Subsequently, the analysis was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS). The proposed method allowed limits of quantification (LOQs) to be obtained in a range of 0.001–0.150 ng g−1, depending on the tissue and mycotoxin. The precision was investigated intraday and interday, not exceeding of 9.8% of relative standard deviation. In addition, trueness studies achieved 75 to 115% at a mycotoxin concentration of 25 ng g−1 and from 82 to 118% at 5 ng g−1. The application of this methodology to 26 forensic autopsies demonstrated the bioaccumulation of emerging mycotoxins in the human body since all mycotoxins were detected in tissues. Enniatin B (ENNB) showed a high occurrence, being detected in 100% of liver (7 ± 13 ng g−1) and fat samples (0.2 ± 0.8 ng g−1). The lung had a high incidence of all emerging mycotoxins at low concentrations, while ENNB, ENNB1, and ENNA1 were not quantifiable in heart samples. Co-occurrence of mycotoxins was also investigated, and statistical tests were applied to evaluate the distribution of these mycotoxins in the human body.

Graphical Abstract
Measuring digital stress in the workplace context
Authors: Riedl René , Fischer Thomas , Reuter Martin
Published: November 2023

Digital stress is a form of stress caused by the use and ubiquity of digital technologies. More and more scientists and practitioners are interested in the phenomenon of digital stress, its causes (e.g., constant smartphone accessibility, unreliable and unstable systems, information overload), and its consequences (e.g., negative health effects, dissatisfaction, or reduced performance and productivity). In an article published in Frontiers in Psychology (12:607598), we introduced the English version of the Digital Stressors Scale (DSS). This is a psychometrically evaluated self-report questionnaire for measuring digital stress in the workplace. In the current paper, we present a short version of this original questionnaire. The original questionnaire consists of 50 questions (items), whereas the short version presented here contains 30 questions. In accordance with the original questionnaire, the entire digital stress experienced by an individual in the workplace is based on 10 stress categories, with each category being assessed with three questions in the short version. Academics can use the questionnaire to quantify digital stress and its 10 dimensions for reliable and valid measurement within the context of scientific research. Practitioners benefit from using this assessment tool to measure the digital stress perceived by employees in the organizational environment. This is a precondition for implementing effective coping strategies.
Digital image analysis and artificial intelligence in pathology diagnostics—the Swiss view
Authors: Berezowska Sabina , Cathomas Gieri , Grobholz Rainer , Henkel Maurice , Jochum Wolfram , Koelzer Viktor H. , Kreutzfeldt Mario , Mertz Kirsten D. , Rössle Matthias , Soldini Davide , Zlobec Inti , Janowczyk Andrew
Published: November 2023

Digital pathology (DP) is increasingly entering routine clinical pathology diagnostics. As digitization of the routine caseload advances, implementation of digital image analysis algorithms and artificial intelligence tools becomes not only attainable, but also desirable in daily sign out. The Swiss Digital Pathology Consortium (SDiPath) has initiated a Delphi process to generate best-practice recommendations for various phases of the process of digitization in pathology for the local Swiss environment, encompassing the following four topics: i) scanners, quality assurance, and validation of scans; ii) integration of scanners and systems into the pathology laboratory information system; iii) the digital workflow; and iv) digital image analysis (DIA)/artificial intelligence (AI). The current article focuses on the DIA-/AI-related recommendations generated and agreed upon by the working group and further verified by the Delphi process among the members of SDiPath. Importantly, they include the view and the currently perceived needs of practicing pathologists from multiple academic and cantonal hospitals as well as private practices.
Plants from distant places: the 1st millennium ce archaeobotanical record from Iberia
Authors: Peña-Chocarro Leonor , Pérez-Jordà Guillem
Published: November 2023

The 1st millennium ce in the Iberian peninsula was characterized by a continuous exchange of people, goods, food, technology, etc. which led to the transformation of agriculture and the introduction of new crops there. This paper presents the archaeobotanical evidence of the plants that were introduced there during the Roman and medieval periods. Cereals such as Secale cereale (rye), Pennisetum glaucum (pearl millet) and Oryza sativa (rice) appeared for the first time in the archaeological record together with new fruit taxa, Prunus persica (peach), Morus nigra (black mulberry), Prunus armeniaca (apricot), Cydonia oblonga (quince), Mespilus germanica (medlar) and Citrus species, enriching the diet of the Iberian people. There were also fibre plants such as Cannabis sativa (hemp) that are now first recorded. The paper provides the first records of these taxa while awaiting further research that can offer more detailed information on whether some of them may also have been present in earlier periods.
Risk factors for in-hospital mortality after emergency colorectal surgery in octogenarians: results of a cohort study from a referral center
Authors: Mathis Guillaume , Lapergola Alfonso , Alexandre Florent , Philouze Guillaume , Mutter Didier , D’Urso Antonio
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The objective of this study was to investigate predictive factors of mortality in emergency colorectal surgery in octogenarian patients.

Methods

It is a retrospective cohort study conducted at a single-institution tertiary referral center. Consecutive patients who underwent emergency colorectal surgery between January 2015 and January 2020 were identified. The primary endpoint was 30-day mortality. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using a logistic regression model.

Results

A total of 111 patients were identified (43 men, 68 women). Mean age was 85.7 ± 3.7 years (80–96). Main diagnoses included complicated sigmoiditis in 38 patients (34.3%), cancer in 35 patients (31.5%), and ischemic colitis in 31 patients (27.9%). An ASA score of 3 or higher was observed in 88.3% of patients. The mean Charlson score was 5.9. The Possum score was 35.9% for mortality and 79.3% for morbidity. The 30-day mortality rate was 25.2%. Univariate analysis of preoperative risk factors for mortality shows that the history of valvular heart disease (p = 0.008), intensive care unit provenance (p = 0.003), preoperative sepsis (p < 0.001), diagnosis of ischemic colitis (p = 0.012), creatinine (p = 0.006) and lactate levels (p = 0.01) were significantly associated with 30-day mortality, and patients coming from home had a lower 30-day mortality rate (p = 0.018). Intraoperative variables associated with 30-day mortality included ileostomy creation (p = 0.022) and temporary laparostomy (p = 0.004). At multivariate analysis, only lactate (p = 0.032) and creatinine levels (p = 0.027) were found to be independent predictors of 30-day mortality, home provenance was an independent protective factor (p = 0.004). Mean follow-up was 3.4 years. Survival at 1 and 3 years was 57.6 and 47.7%.

Conclusion

Emergency colorectal surgery is challenging. However, age should not be a contraindication. The 30-day mortality rate (25.2%) is one of the lowest in the literature. Hyperlactatemia (> 2mmol/L) and creatinine levels appear to be independent predictors of mortality.
Digitales Notfallmanagement im Netzwerk der Akut- und Notfallversorgung. Eckpunktepapier des Expertenrats des ZTM
Authors: Eder Patrick Andreas , Soda Hassan , Kumle Bernhard , Dodt Christoph , Dormann Harald , Popp Erik , Flasch Bernhard , Müller Michael Patrick , Böhmer Matthias , Kerber Sebastian , Barth Sebastian , Krämer Rainer , Kraus Martin , Purrucker Jan C. , Oberhoff Martin , Hans Felix P. , Stäblein Heiko , Brammen Dominik , Gilmore Scott , Deneke Thomas , Wehler Markus , Rashid Asarnusch ,   Fachexperten des Expertenrats des ZTM, Barth S. , Böhmer M. , Brammen D. , Deneke T. , Dodt C. , Dormann H. , Eder P. A. , Flasch B. , Gilmore S. , Hans F. P. , Kerber S. , Krämer R. , Kraus M. , Kumle B. , Müller M. P. , Oberhoff M. , Popp E. , Purrucker J. C. , Rashid A. , Soda H. , Stäblein H. , Wehler M.
Published: November 2023

Ziel des digitalen Notfallmanagements ist, dass alle Akteure der Rettungskette sich bei einem Notfalleinsatz elektronisch miteinander austauschen und auf alle Informationen, die für die optimale Versorgung der Patientin relevant sind, zugreifen und miteinander kommunizieren können. Für den Einsatz der Digitalisierung im Notfallmanagement existieren mittlerweile zahlreiche Konzepte mit vielversprechenden Studienergebnissen und Implementierungserfahrungen, die in einer (über)regionalen Behandlungsstrategie mit einem kontinuierlichen Verbesserungsprozess mit Nachdruck zu verstetigen sind. Unter Berücksichtigung aktueller Möglichkeiten der Digitalisierung der Rettungskette hat der Expertenrat des Zentrums für Telemedizin Bad Kissingen (ZTM) wesentliche Inhalte und Kernfunktionen des digitalen Notfallmanagements definiert.
Impacts of climate change on semi-natural alpine pastures productivity and floristic composition
Authors: Movedi Ermes , Bocchi Stefano , Paleari Livia , Vesely Fosco M. , Vagge Ilda , Confalonieri Roberto
Published: November 2023

Climate change impact on pasture floristic composition needs to be carefully assessed, given its key role for the resilience of pastoral systems and related ecosystem services. Nevertheless, variations in floristic composition are rarely taken into account in climate change impact studies. Here, we used the plant community model CoSMo to simulate future dynamics of biomass accumulation and floristic composition for high-altitude semi-natural alpine pastures. Dedicated multi-site field activities were conducted to collect data for model calibration. Simulations were run for four 20-year climate scenarios centered on 2040, resulting from the combination of two general circulation models (GISS-ES and HadGEM2) and two representative concentration pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). Results highlighted the capability of CoSMo to successfully reproduce the productivity and floristic composition of semi-natural pastures, modeling efficiency and R2 being higher than 0.90 for aboveground biomass accumulation and relative abundance of species. CoSMo simulated an overall positive effect of increasing temperatures on pasture productivity (+ 10.7% on average), due to higher biomass accumulation rates and longer growing seasons. However, these benefits were highly heterogeneous among the monitored pastures (ranging from − 2.5 to + 16.2%), because of differences in floristic composition and in species-specific thermal requirements that led to complex, non-linear reactions to climate variations. A negative impact of climate change was simulated for grazing value (− 11.1% on average), due to the higher suitability to future conditions of Nardus stricta, which has low grazing value compared to other species. Our results highlight that floristic composition should be explicitly considered while assessing climate change impacts on semi-natural pasture productivity and connected ecosystem services.
A novel complementary pathway of cordycepin biosynthesis in Cordyceps militaris
Authors: Zhang Hucheng , Yang Jun , Luo Shuai , Liu Linying , Yang Guowei , Gao Bo , Fan Haitao , Deng Lina , Yang Ming
Published: November 2023

We determined whether there exists a complementary pathway of cordycepin biosynthesis in wild-type Cordyceps militaris, high-cordycepin-producing strain C. militaris GYS60, and low-cordycepin-producing strain C. militaris GYS80. Differentially expressed genes were identified from the transcriptomes of the three strains. Compared with C. militaris, in GYS60 and GYS80, we identified 145 and 470 upregulated and 96 and 594 downregulated genes. Compared with GYS80, in GYS60, we identified 306 upregulated and 207 downregulated genes. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that upregulated genes were mostly involved in detoxification, antioxidant, and molecular transducer in GYS60. By Clusters of Orthologous Groups of Proteins and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses, eight genes were significantly upregulated: five genes related to purine metabolism, one to ATP production, one to secondary metabolite transport, and one to RNA degradation. In GYS60, cordycepin was significantly increased by upregulation of ATP production, which promoted 3′,5′-cyclic AMP production. Cyclic AMP accelerated 3′-AMP accumulation, and cordycepin continued to be synthesized and exported. We verified the novel complementary pathway by adding the precursor adenosine and analyzing the expression of four key genes involved in the main pathway of cordycepin biosynthesis. Adenosine addition increased cordycepin production by 51.2% and 10.1%, respectively, in C. militaris and GYS60. Four genes in the main pathway in GYS60 were not upregulated.
Reevaluating age restrictions of spinal metastasis surgery in elderly groups with over 2-year follow-up
Authors: Lenga Pavlina , Dao Trong Philip , Papakonstantinou Vassilios , Kiening Karl , Unterberg Andreas W. , Ishak Basem
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to compare and assess clinical outcomes of spinal metastasis with epidural spinal cord compression (MESCC) in patients aged 65–79 years and ≥ 80 years with an acute onset of neurological illness who underwent laminectomy. A second goal was to determine morbidity rates and potential risk factors for mortality. This retrospective review of electronic medical records at a single institution was conducted between September 2005 and December 2020. Data on patient demographics, surgical characteristics, complications, hospital clinical course, and 90-day mortality were also collected. Comorbidities were assessed using the age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index (CCI). A total of 99 patients with an overall mean age of 76.2 ± 3.4 years diagnosed with MESCC within a 16-year period, of which 65 patients aged 65–79 years and 34 patients aged 80 years and older were enrolled in the study. Patients aged 80 and over had higher age-adjusted CCI (9.2 ± 2.1) compared to those aged 65–79 (5.1 ± 1.6; p < 0.001). Prostate cancer was the primary cause of spinal metastasis. Significant neurological and functional decline was more pronounced in the older group, evidenced by Karnofsky Performance Index (KPI) scores (80+ years: 47.8% ± 19.5; 65–79 years: 69.0% ± 23.9; p < 0.001). Despite requiring shorter decompression duration (148.8 ± 62.5 min vs. 199.4 ± 78.9 min; p = 0.004), the older group had more spinal levels needing decompression. Median survival time was 14.1 ± 4.3 months. Mortality risk factors included deteriorating functional status and comorbidities, but not motor weakness, surgical duration, extension of surgery, hospital or ICU stay, or complications. Overcoming age barriers in elderly surgical treatment in MSCC patients can reduce procedural delays and has the potential to significantly improve patient functionality. It emphasizes that age should not be a deterrent for spine surgery when medically necessary, although older MESCC patients may have reduced survival.
Reductions in plasma and urine mercury concentrations following N,N′bis-(2-mercaptoethyl) isophthalamide (NBMI) therapy: a post hoc analysis of data from a randomized human clinical trial
Authors: Geier David A. , Geier Mark R.
Published: November 2023

Environmental mercury exposure possesses a significant risk to many human populations. At present there are no effective treatments for acute mercury toxicity. A new compound, N,N′bis-(2-mercaptoethyl) isophthalamide (NBMI), a lipophilic chelating agent was created to tightly/irreversibly bind mercury. A post hoc dose-dependent analysis of NBMI therapy was undertaken on data from a randomized controlled NBMI human treatment trial on 36 Ecuadorian gold miners with elevated urinary mercury concentrations. Study subjects were randomly assigned to receive 100 milligram (mg) NBMI/day, 300 mg NBMI/day, or placebo for 14 days. For each study subject daily mg NBMI dose/Kilogram (Kg) bodyweight were determined and plasma and urine mercury concentrations (micrograms (µg)/Liter (L)) on study day 1 (pre-NBMI treatment), 15 (after 14 days of NBMI treatment) and 45 (30 days after NBMI treatment) were correlated with NBMI dosing using the linear regression statistic in SAS. Regression revealed significant inverse correlations between increasing per mg NBMI/Kg bodyweight/day and reduced concentrations of urinary and plasma mercury on study day 15 (reduced by in urine = 18–20 µg/L and plasma = 2 µg/L) and study day 30 (reduced by in urine = 15–20 µg/L and plasma = 4 µg/L) and significant correlations between reductions in mercury concentrations in urine and plasma. Significant 30% reductions in urinary mercury concentrations per mg NBMI/Kg bodyweight/day administered for 14 days were observed. This study supports the dose-dependent ability of NBMI therapy to significantly reduce mercury concentrations, particularly in the urine, in an acutely mercury exposed human population. NBMI therapy should be evaluated in other mercury exposed populations.