bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of Functioning Free Gracilis Muscle Transplantation to Restore Elbow Flexion in Late Brachial Plexus Birth Injury
Authors: Zelenski Nicole A. , Karzon Anthony L. , Chang Tommy Nai-Jen , Chuang David Chwei-Chin , Lu Johnny Chuieng-Yi
Published: October 2022

Background Restoring elbow function is challenging after late presenting brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI). Free functioning muscle transplantation (FFMT) using the gracilis muscle is a reliable procedure to restore elbow flexion in patients with impaired function after spontaneous recovery or failed surgical reconstruction.

Methods A retrospective review was performed on BPBI patients more than 2 years of age who received a FFMT between January 1993 and January 2018, with the aim of improving elbow flexion as the primary or secondary functional goal. Patients with preoperative elbow flexion Medical Research Council (MRC) grades less than 3 with more than or equal to 18 months of follow-up duration were included in the analysis. Patient demographic information and pre/postoperative clinical parameters including elbow flexion MRC scale, passive elbow range of motion, and complications were recorded. Surgical data including donor nerve choice, site of the FFMT tendon attachment, and necessity of concomitant procedures or reoperation were also analyzed.

Results Fifty-six FFMTs were performed for the primary (29 patients) or secondary (26 patients) objective of restoring elbow flexion. The mean age at the time of the procedure was 9.6 years (standard deviation [SD] = 6.29, R = 3-35). Mean follow-up was 7.9 years (SD = 5.2). Elbow flexion improved from a median MRC grade 2 to 4 after a FFMT (p < 0.05). Patients who had a FFMT to restore two functions had 86% lower elbow flexion MRC grades than those who had a FFMT to restore flexion only (p < 0.05). Patients less than 12 years old at the time of surgery had more complications, reoperations, and rates of a flexion contracture more than or equal to 30 degrees than those aged more than 12 years (p < 0.05).

Conclusion FFMT is a reliable option for upper extremity reanimation. Patients aged less than 12 years old at the time of FFMT had significantly more complications, reoperations, and rates of postoperative elbow flexion contracture more than or equal to 30 degrees, but equivalent elbow flexion MRC grades.

Level of Evidence III
Proximity coupling induced significantly enhanced Curie temperature in van der Waals CrSBr/MoTe2 heterostructure
Authors: Gao Yinlu , Liu Qinxi , Jiang Xue , Zhao Jijun
Published: October 2022

CrSBr monolayer is a promising ferromagnetic (FM) semiconductor with stable magnetic ground state, large bandgap, and high carrier density. However, its Curie temperature (TC) of about 146 K is still below room temperature. Herein, electronic and magnetic properties of a CrSBr/MoTe2 heterostructure are explored to boost the TC via the proximity effect using first-principles calculations. The long-range FM ordering in the CrSBr layer is enhanced both through an extra spin superexchange channel (Cr–Te–Cr) afforded by the MoTe2 substrate and the reduced degeneracy t2g orbitals of Cr atoms. Directly owing to the enhanced FM coupling, TC increases to 225 K. The strong p–d hybridizations increase the interorbital hopping between the t2g states through the Cr–Te–Cr superexchange channel. The hopping is related to the off diagonal matrix element of the velocity operator, which suggests that is necessary for not only the increased TC but also the nonzero Berry curvature. Additionally, the Fermi level (EF) is pushed into higher energy levels with the electron-doped CrSBr layer due to the charge transfer. The synergic effect of the EF shift from the transferred electron filling and the interorbital hopping from the Cr–Te interaction results in nonzero anomalous Hall conductivity in the heterostructure. Our work reveals that an interface is an uplifting way for engineering the magnetic and transport properties of 2D magnets, providing opportunities for fantastic spintronic devices.
Extrinsic and intrinsic contributions to the electrostrain in precipitation-hardened barium calcium titanate
Authors: Zhao Changhao , Zhang Mao-Hua , Rödel Jürgen , Koruza Jurij
Published: October 2022

Deconvoluting the extrinsic and intrinsic contributions to electrostrain is of great importance to understand the hardening mechanism of piezoceramics. Here, in situ electric-field high-energy x-ray diffraction measurements are performed to investigate the polycrystalline barium calcium titanate hardened by precipitation, a recently developed hardening technique that pins domain walls with fine intragranular precipitates. The effect of precipitates on extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms is examined. Under a low-frequency and large-signal field, the precipitates suppress non-180° wall motion, which is the major source of loss, by 40%. Anisotropy is observed in the field-induced lattice strain, which is dominantly contributed by an intergranular effect instead of pure piezoelectricity. At small fields, the lattice strain is barely affected by precipitates, while both lattice strain and strain from non-180° domain wall motion are suppressed and are coupled with each other at large fields, leading to an unchanged relative percentage of the extrinsic contribution.
Observation of the giant magneto-Seebeck effect in a metastable Co50Fe50/Cu multilayer
Authors: Hirai Takamasa , Sakuraba Yuya , Uchida Ken-ichi
Published: October 2022

We report the observation of the giant magneto-Seebeck (GMS) effect in an epitaxially grown Co50Fe50/Cu multilayer film with metastable bcc Cu spacers under an in-plane temperature gradient. The magnetization-dependent switching ratio of the Seebeck coefficient, GMS ratio, and switching ratio of the thermoelectric power factor reach approximately −50% and 280% at room temperature, respectively, which are higher than those previously reported in magnetic multilayers with the current-in-plane geometry. By measuring the temperature dependence of both GMS and giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effects, we found that the GMS ratio remains high at high temperatures, while the GMR ratio quickly decreases with increasing temperature, where the spin-dependent electron scattering dominantly affects the large GMS effect in the Co50Fe50/Cu multilayer.
Persistence of an active asymmetric rigid Brownian particle in two dimensions
Authors: Ghosh Anirban , Mandal Sudipta , Chakraborty Dipanjan
Published: October 2022

We have studied the persistence probability p(t) of an active Brownian particle with shape asymmetry in two dimensions. The persistence probability is defined as the probability of a stochastic variable that has not changed its sign in a given fixed time interval. We have investigated two cases: (1) diffusion of a free active particle and (2) that of a harmonically trapped particle. In our earlier work, by Ghosh et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 152, 174901 (2020)], we had shown that p(t) can be used to determine the translational and rotational diffusion constant of an asymmetrically shaped particle. The method has the advantage that the measurement of the rotational motion of the anisotropic particle is not required. In this paper, we extend the study to an active anisotropic particle and show how the persistence probability of an anisotropic particle is modified in the presence of a propulsion velocity. Furthermore, we validate our analytical expression against the measured persistence probability from the numerical simulations of single particle Langevin dynamics and test whether the method proposed in our earlier work can help distinguish between active and passive anisotropic particles.
Nonlocal conservation laws and dynamics of soliton solutions of (2 + 1)-dimensional Boiti–Leon–Pempinelli system
Authors: Sil Subhankar , Raja Sekhar T.
Published: October 2022

In this article, we obtain several new exact solutions of (2 + 1)-dimensional Boiti–Leon–Pempinelli system of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) which describes the evolution of horizontal velocity component of water waves propagating in two directions. We perform the Lie symmetry analysis to the given system and construct a one-dimensional optimal subalgebra which involves some arbitrary functions of spatial variables. Symmetry group classifications of infinite-dimensional Lie algebra for higher-dimensional system of PDEs are very interesting and rare in the literature. Several new exact solutions are obtained by symmetry reduction using each of the optimal subalgebra and these solutions have not been reported earlier in the previous studies to the best of our knowledge. We then study the dynamical behavior of some exact solutions by numerical simulations and observed many interesting phenomena, such as traveling waves, kink and anti-kink type solitons, and singular kink type solitons. We construct several conservation laws of the system by using a multiplier method. As an application, we study the nonlocal conservation laws of the system by constructing potential systems and appending gauge constraints. In fact, determining nonlocal conservation laws for higher-dimensional nonlinear system of PDEs arising from divergence type conservation laws is very rare in the literature and have huge consequences in the study of nonlocal symmetries.
Noise and thermodynamic uncertainty relation in “underwater” molecular junctions
Authors: Kirchberg Henning , Nitzan Abraham
Published: October 2022

We determine the zero-frequency charge current noise in a metal–molecule–metal junction embedded in a thermal environment, e.g., a solvent, dominated by sequential charge transmission described by a classical master equation, and we study the dependence of specific model parameters, i.e., the environmental reorganization energy and relaxation behavior. Interestingly, the classical current noise term has the same structure as its quantum analog, which reflects a charge correlation due to the bridging molecule. We further determine the thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) defininig a bound on the relationship between the average charge current, its fluctuation, and the entropy production in an electrochemical junction in the Marcus regime. In the second part, we use the same methodology to calculate the current noise and the TUR for a protoype photovoltaic cell in order to predict its upper bound for the efficiency of energy conversion into useful work.
Sperm RNA-mediated epigenetic inheritance in mammals: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Chen Qi
Published: October 2022

Emerging evidence now shows that in addition to delivering a haploid DNA, the mammalian sperm also carry various types of RNAs that respond to the paternal environment, which can mediate the intergenerational transmission of certain phenotypes to the offspring relating to the paternal environmental exposures (e.g. diet, mental stress). Improved analytical tools are beginning to decipher the complexity of sperm RNAs, RNA modifications and their spatial compartmentalisation, which support the concept of ‘sperm RNA code’ in programming specific offspring phenotypes during embryonic development. In this commentary article, I discuss the challenges and opportunities in solidifying the field of mammalian sperm RNA-mediated epigenetic inheritance, including the identification of the key sperm RNAs that are responsible for the paternal phenotype transmission, and the cellular and molecular events that are triggered by sperm RNAs during embryo development. I also discuss the translational application potential by harnessing the knowledge of sperm RNA code to improve farm animal production and human health.
Synaptic plasticity investigation in permalloy based channel material for neuromorphic computing
Authors: Monalisha P , Li Shengyao , Jin Tianli , Kumar P S Anil , Piramanayagam S N
Published: October 2022

Artificial synaptic devices capable of synchronized storing and processing of information are the critical building blocks of neuromorphic computing systems for the low-power implementation of artificial intelligence. Compared to the diverse synaptic device structures, the emerging electrolyte-gated synaptic transistors are promising for mimicking biological synapses owing to their analogous working mode. Despite the remarkable progress in electrolyte-gated synaptic transistors, the study of metallic channel-based synaptic devices remains vastly unexplored. Here, we report a three-terminal electrolyte-gated artificial synapse based on metallic permalloy as the active layer. Gating controlled, non-volatile, rewritable, and distinct multilevel conductance states have been achieved for analog computing. Representative synaptic behaviors such as excitatory postsynaptic conductance, paired-pulse facilitation, spike amplitude-dependent plasticity, spike duration-dependent plasticity, and long-term potentiation/depression have been successfully simulated in the synaptic device. Furthermore, switching from short-term to long-term memory regimes has been demonstrated through repeated training. Benefitting from the short-term facilitation, the synaptic device can also act as a high-pass temporal filter for selective communication. This research highlights the great potential of metallic channel-based synaptic devices for future neuromorphic systems and augments the diversity of synaptic devices.
Two-dimensional antiferromagnetic nodal-line semimetal and quantum anomalous Hall state in the van der Waals heterostructure germanene/Mn2S2
Authors: Lv Qianqian , Fu Pei-Hao , Zhuang Quan , Yu Xiang-Long , Wu Jiansheng
Published: October 2022

Materials with interactions between the topology and magnetism are triggering increasing interest. We constructed a two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals heterostructure germanene/Mn2S2, where the germanene is a quantum spin Hall insulator and Mn2S2 provides antiferromagnetic (AFM) interactions. In this structure, a 2D AFM nodal-line semimetal (NLSM) phase is expected without the spin–orbit coupling (SOC), which is of a high density of states around the Fermi level. The band touching rings originate from the intersection between different spin components of p orbitals of germanene. This result provides a possible 2D realization of NLSMs, which are usually realized in three-dimensional systems. When the SOC is present, a quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) state emerges with the annihilation of the band-touching rings. The nontrivial topology is determined by calculating the Chern number and Wannier charge centers. This provides an alternative platform to realize QAH states. These results could also provide the possibility of further understanding the topological states in NLSM and electronic applications.
Research on laser spot location accuracy of low-power laser diode source applied to high precision laser measurement system
Authors: Nan Zhuojiang , Zhou Liping , Wan Song , Wang Yixuan , Tao Wei
Published: October 2022

The results of laser spot location have an important influence on the accuracy of a laser measurement system. Laser diode (LD) sources have been widely used in recent years because of its low cost and easy integration. Based on the low-power LD source, a conventional laser spot location system was built to study the factors that affect the accuracy of location. We analyzed the influencing factors on laser spot location from two aspects of LD driven and charge coupled device (CCD) imaging, and experiments were conducted to further obtain quantitative analysis results and laws on different influencing factors, including the LD temperature, LD injection current, the size of imaging laser spot and its intensity fluctuation. The drifting RMS and the dithering range R were adapted to evaluate the drift and dither of the laser spot respectively, and the influence laws of location error were discussed. Finally, laser triangulation displacement sensor was taken as an optimization design example when considering the influencing factors studied in this paper. As a result, the RMS accuracy of the design example was 3.6 μm and its repeatability was 2.17 μm. The experimental results provided guidance for the optimization design of laser spot location measurement system.
Direct measurement of ion and electron flux ratio at their respective sheath-edges and absence of the electron Bohm criterion effects
Authors: Jin Chenyao , Yip Chi-Shung , Zhang Wei , Jiang Di , Xu Guo-Sheng
Published: October 2022

A recent theory suggests that electrons enter electron sheaths at an electron Bohm velocity given by (T
e/m
e)1/2 instead of the electron thermal velocity as conventionally assumed. To test this theory, the flux density ratio Γe,se/Γi,se of electrons and ions entering their respective sheaths was directly measured via an almost continuous A
i/A
e area ratio scanning. The measured value agrees with the predictions assuming electrons entering the electron sheaths at their thermal velocity. The predictions associated with the electron Bohm criterion have not been found. If the predictions of such theories are true, the electron or ion presheath density drops will be very different from conventionally expected values.
Development and evaluation of a high temperature and high salinity resistant rheological enhancer for water-based drilling fluids
Authors: Zhang Xianfa , Sun Jinsheng , Wang Zonglun , Liu Jingping , Lv Kaihe
Published: October 2022

A rheology enhancer MMA for water-based drilling fluids was developed using acrylamide (AM), sodium p-styrenesulfonate (SSS), maleic anhydride (MA) and lauryl methacrylate (LMA). MMA has hydrophobic side chains that can form hydrophobic association structures in the drilling fluid, thus giving the drilling fluid the properties of NaCl-promoted viscosity enhancement. When the drilling fluid with 2% MAA was hot-rolling at 200°C and 30% NaCl for 16h, its apparent viscosity and yield point were 29.0 mPa·s and 12.0 Pa, respectively. Meanwhile, its rheological enhancement and viscosity retention properties were better than those of common oilfield products such as CMC, PAC and Driscal D at the same addition.
Effects of solution aging on mechanical and microstructures properties of Al6092/SiCp/β-eucryptite composites
Authors: Zhang Shihao , Jiang Haiyun , Fu Zhixiang , Hou Qinglin
Published: October 2022

This paper studied Al6092/SiCp/β-LiAlSiO4 particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites as the main object. Different solution aging treatment processes were selected to analyze the microstructure and mechanical properties of the specimens. The effects of solution aging on the microstructure, precipitation phases, and dislocations of the composites were revealed. The results showed that the solution aging treatment improved the stiffness and strength of Al6092/SiCp/β-LiAlSiO4 composites. On the one hand, solution aging promoted the generation of high dislocation density zones and Mg2Si precipitation phases in the samples, which increased the stress required for plastic deformation of the composites. In addition, the high modulus property of micron-sized SiCp can spontaneously carry loads, and the introduction of β-LiAlSiO4 promotes the dispersion of the reinforcing phase. In conclusion, the solution aging treatment and the particle-reinforced phase can jointly improve the deformation resistance of Al6092.
Research on Constant Torque Control of Electric Impact Wrench
Authors: Wang Xiaowu , Wu Huanle , Tang Nan , Fan Xuewei , Qian Long
Published: October 2022

As a torque tool, the electric impact wrench is widely used in all kinds of works in life, and has a huge market demand in China. Aiming at the problem that the output cumulative torque of electric impact wrench cannot be accurately controlled, a control strategy based on motor speed and impact times is proposed in this paper. Firstly, inferring the proportion of each mechanism’s energy to the total energy, and then the work on the nut can be calculated. Therefore, the trend of force on the nut can be predicted and calculated too. Finally, propose a scheme that the output torque of the electric impact wrench is controlled by the motor speed and the number of impacts within a certain error range.
Prophet-Based Medium and Long-Term Electricity Load Forecasting Research
Authors: Long Cheng , Yu Chengbo , Li Tao
Published: October 2022

The Prophet model decomposes the power load series of the region into trend terms, seasonal terms and holiday terms to visualize the data in the power load The model is then combined separately to achieve electricity load forecasting. The prediction results of the Prophet model were compared with those of the traditional ARIMA model and LSTM model, and the average absolute percentage error was 7.4342%, the root mean square error was 60376.8026MW, all of which were better than those of the ARIMA model and RNN model, which verified the effectiveness and feasibility of the model in power load forecasting.
A Pseudo-Random Signal Generator for Offset Calibration Circuit
Authors: Yang Faming , Huang Wenhai , Shui Guohua , Liu Yukui
Published: October 2022

A pseudo-random signal generator based on 0.5μm CMOS technology is presented, and it is applied for an auto-zero operational amplifier. The generator circuit includes a linear feedback shift register for generating pseudo-random sequences, and a multi-level counter module for counting the system clock pulses. A group of pseudo-random codes generated by the linear feedback shift register are as the initial value of the counter. When the counter reaches the maximum value, the output of the counter will control the output signal to flip. At the same time, a new group of the pseudo-random code will reset the counter again, and finally generate a square wave signal whose frequency varies randomly. The generator circuit is simulated and verified. The simulation results show that the frequency of the output signal can vary from 2 kHz to 4 kHz with random characteristic. The generated pseudo-random signal can be used for the switching clock control of the auto-zero operational amplifier offset calibration circuit, so that the switching glitch of the auto-zero op-amp is random, which can significantly reduce the harmonics in the output signal of the op-amp.
A Time-Interleaved Charge Pump Internal Power Supply Generation Circuit
Authors: Zhong Yi , Yang Faming , Yin Wanjun , Liu Qing
Published: October 2022

A charge pump internal power supply generation circuit for rail-to-rail operational amplifier is proposed, which combines a non-overlapping clock signal and a time-interleaved boost charge pump to achieve an internal power supply which is higher than the power supply voltage. A voltage follower is used to avoid glitch during time-interleaving switching. The charge pump internal power supply circuit is realized by 0.5μm CMOS process. The simulation results show that the internal power supply circuit of the charge pump can generate an internal power supply signal which is 1.8V higher than the power supply voltage. After applying this internal power supply to the PMOS input folded cascode operational amplifier, the operational amplifier achieves the rail-to-rail input, and the unity gain bandwidth and phase margin are stable.
Transport Layer Optimization Strategy to Prepare High Efficiency Perovskite Photovoltaic Device
Authors: Ji Chao , Li Tuo , Zou Xiaofeng , Zhang Lu
Published: October 2022

Perovskite photovoltaic devices have attracted widespread attention. Despite the spectacular advances in power conversion efficiency (PCE), the unsatisfying stability of the perovskite devices is still a great challenge, which requires a deeper understanding of the device physics, in particular, the interfacial behavior and the junction structure of the perovskite semiconductor devices. Here we demonstrate the continuous decrease of ionic interface charge (IIC) density, weakening of current-voltage hysteresis, decrease of leakage current as well as constant increase of PCE from ~10% to ~19% were achieved through step-by-step modification of the hole transport layer (HTL) and electron transport layer (ETL) of the devices. A new semiconductor device junction device model is presented to understand the correlation between the IIC density and the photovoltaic performance. The work shows that although the IIC is originated from mobile ions in perovskite layer, the IIC density is determined by the properties of the charge transport layer. These conclusions and the proposed device model have important implication for future study in pursuing efficient and stable perovskite photovoltaic devices.
Design and Implementation of EMU On-board Data Protocol Management System
Authors: Qiao Chengzhen , Qiu Yanzhi , Yang Chunhui , Zhang Shaozhe
Published: October 2022

In view of the problems of various types, frequent upgrades and inconsistent standards of WTDS on-board protocols and fault dictionaries of EMU, sort out various on-board protocol documents and fault dictionaries of EMU on the whole railway. Analyse the differences of various on-board protocols and fault dictionaries of multiple units of different vehicle types and batches, and study the unified and standardized management method. Design a EMU on-board data protocol management system with complete business functions, standard specifications, safety and reliability, and realize the functions of structuring the content of the protocol file, version of the protocol file, process management, etc., so as to provide data support for EMU data mining and PHM application.
Raspberry PI and OpencV Based Mobility Aid Glasses for the Blind
Authors: Wang Yirun , Yu Xiangzhi
Published: October 2022

With the gradual increase of the number of blind people in China and the rapid growth of the total number of blind people, it is difficult for them to travel and the problem of high-risk coefficient is becoming increasingly prominent. This paper introduces a kind of travel aid glasses for the blind with the raspberry PI and OAK-D-LITE depth camera as the core components. Based on OpenCV, it realizes object recognition, obstacle distance detection, obstacle avoidance indication, positioning and navigation, traffic light detection, blind lane monitoring, zebra crossing detection, and bus number plate detection. Through bone conduction headset, it provides speech broadcasting for the blind and facilitates the travel of the blind.
Electrometallurgical Load Forecasting Based on Ensemble Learning Using CEEMDAN
Authors: Kong Weijian , Ding Yinpeng , Su Zhiyong
Published: October 2022

Accurate load forecasting is conducive to stable power supply. It is difficult to forecast electrometallurgical load. It tends to fluctuate rapidly and randomly, especially for the ultra-short-term ones. In this work, we decompose the load into components and abstracting them with heterogeneous learners for the different characteristics. Complete ensemble empirical model decomposition adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) is introduced to data pre-treatment and signal decomposition, and different frequency sub-series are obtained. Then, we explore the complexity of sub-series by sample entropy (SE). For the low-frequency components, a low-complexity Random Forest (RF) model is designed for drawing the outline of the load fluctuating. For the high-frequency ones, a long short-term memory (LSTM) network is adopted to get the details of the fluctuating. Combined forecasting is implemented by reconstructing the predictions of the above two learners. The novel model is compared with several common models for electrometallurgical load forecasting by using industrial data of an electro-fused magnesium enterprise. Experimental results show that the proposal significantly outperforms the others.
An Improved Artificial Neural Network Elastic Constant Prediction Method Based on Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Zhang Yu , Wei Shicheng , Wang Bo , Li Linwei
Published: October 2022

As machine learning methods keep developing in materials science, using machine learning to mine novel materials has become a research hotspot. For microscopic crystals, the first-principles calculation of elastic constants has always been a conventional research method. However, the first-principles calculation method is time-consuming and laborious, which limits the development of materials. In order to achieve efficient discovery of new materials, this paper proposed an improved artificial neural network (ANN) method to predict the elastic modulus of crystals improved by particle swarm optimization (PSO), which build the PSO-ANN model in use of structures and elastic constants of crystals. Experiments show that the root mean square error (RMSE) can reach within 1GPa. To verify the accuracy of the method for other crystal predictions, the MgZn2 crystal is modelled and calculated by using the first-principles calculation method. Comparing with the prediction method proposed, the average error of the predicted elastic constants is within the range 5.6%.
An Intrusion Detection Algorithm for DDoS Attacks Based on DBN and Three-way Decisions
Authors: Shen Yanjie
Published: October 2022

To solve the problems of few DDoS attack detection methods and low intrusion detection rate of existing methods in software defined network (SDN), an intrusion detection algorithm DBN-TWD based on deep belief network (DBN) and Three-way decisions was proposed. Firstly, DBN was used to extract features of SDN flow entries, then directly classifying data in the positive and negative domains, and the data in the boundary domain is reclassified by the K-nearest neighbor algorithm. Simulation results show that compared with other intrusion detection models, the detection rate of this method is higher, and the false alarm rate is lower.
Blind Estimation Method of the Pseudo-Noise sequence of DS-SS Signals Based on Improved Propagator
Authors: Xie Hui , Zhao Zhongchen , Liu Limin , Han Zhuangzhi
Published: October 2022

The problem of pseudo-noise (PN) sequence estimation of direct sequence spread spectrum (DS-SS) signals is studied in this paper. A new estimation method for PN sequence is given based on improved propagator. The algorithm could estimate the spread spectrum sequence and the signal out-of-step time by using the signal subspace. Compared with the eigenvalue decomposition (EVD) method, the estimation accuracy of the out-of-step time is improved and the amount of calculation is effectively reduced. Computational complexity and performance comparisons are made between the new method and the existing algorithm. Simulation results show that the method can provide a good estimation, even the received signal is below the noise level.
Research on Deep Learning Method Based on Blockchain and Intrusion Detection Model
Authors: Wang Jing , Liu Hongyan , Liu Fangfang
Published: October 2022

The openness of network data makes it vulnerable to hackers, viruses and other attacks. These attacks not only become more and more complex, but also seriously threaten users’ privacy and property security. In order to improve the accuracy of testing, intrusion detection is a detection method of network security communication based on traditional intrusion detection. It is usually used in various networks to help detect intrusion in time. This research creates an intrusion detection model based on deep learning. Inspired by the application ability of blockchain, the model has the characteristics of combining blockchain technology with intrusion detection. Therefore, the model is superior to the traditional system in the accuracy of detecting security attacks.
The leading-edge vortex over a swift-like high-aspect-ratio wing with nonlinear swept-back geometry
Authors: Ben-Gida Hadar , Gurka Roi
Published: October 2022

The leading-edge vortex (LEV) is a common flow structure that forms over wings at high angles of attack. Over the years, LEVs were exploited for augmenting the lift of man-made slender delta wings aircraft. However, recent observations suggested that natural flyers with high-aspect-ratio (high-AR) wings, such as the common swift (Apus apus), can also generate LEVs while gliding. We hypothesize that the planform shape and nonlinear sweep (increasing towards the wingtip) enable the formation and control of such LEVs. In this paper, we investigate whether a stationary LEV can form over a nonlinear swept-back high-AR wing inspired by the swift’s wing shape and evaluate its characteristics and potential aerodynamic benefit. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements were performed in a water flume on a high-AR swept-back wing inspired by the swift wing. Experiments were performed at four spanwise sections and a range of angles of attack for a chord-based Reynolds number of

20
000

. Stationary LEV structures were identified across the wingspan by utilizing the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method for angles of attack of 5∘–15∘. The size and circulation of the stationary LEV were found to grow towards the wingtip in a nonlinear manner due to shear layer feeding and spanwise transport of mass and vorticity within the LEV, thus confirming that nonlinear high-AR swept-back wings can generate stationary LEVs. Our results suggest that the common swift can generate stationary LEVs over its swept-back wings to glide slower and at a higher rate of descent, with the LEVs potentially supporting up to 60% of its weight.
Contrasting future lightning stories across Europe
Authors: Kahraman Abdullah , Kendon Elizabeth J , Fowler Hayley J , Wilkinson Jonathan M
Published: October 2022

Thunderstorms are the most common source of hazardous weather at local scales, but are poorly represented in conventional climate models, resulting in high uncertainty in future changes. How these changes manifest in terms of lightning is even more uncertain, with previous studies giving conflicting projections. Here, for the first time, we use a km-scale model that explicitly resolves convection across Europe; suggesting more convection by 2100 under RCP8.5. Our ice-based lightning scheme indicates a highly altered lightning climatology-the consequence of general increases in instability, partly limited by convective inhibition, along with huge increases in melting level height and less cloud ice. A northward shift in favourable weather regimes increases lightning frequency at higher latitudes, and favours more thunderstorms over the Alps, but lightning decreases over lower terrain elsewhere and over the sea. Our results suggest the need to re-evaluate lightning risk to wildfires, properties, and human life across Europe.
Phytoremediation development in Sweden
Authors: Chang C , Hogland W
Published: October 2022

The contaminated air, water and soil have been major environmental issues during the last decades in Sweden. The phytoremediation technologies with ecological and economic benefits may help to alleviate those problems, especially related to heavy metal and organic pollutants. There is paucity of literatures on comprehensive understanding of phytoremediation technology development in Sweden. The Environmental Science and Engineering Group (ESEG) at Linnaeus University has been working on the relevant topics for decades and achieved some important findings. This study aimed at providing a systematic insight on the phytoremediation development in Sweden through literature reviews as well as summarizing the doctoral theses presented by ESEG. Herein suggestions and recommendations for phytoremediation development are given, especially those projects and research in Sweden and other countries with similar climate situation, which can benefit the works for site managers and engineers as well as ecologists and biochemists.

The study presents useful findings: 1) The majority of phytoremediation research in Sweden is focused on wetlands. Some are working on soil remediation, and very few on air purification. Submerged plant species in wetlands have been shown to be more effective at removing heavy metals than free-floating and terrestrial plants. Willow is the most popular species used in soil remediation, and there are many different clones. There are some other potential plants for phytoremediation, including Poplar, Silver Birch, Alfalfa, Spinach, Fireweed, Reed Canary grass, Scots pine, Rapeseed, etc. 2) Composting, bacteria, and iodides are examples of additions that can help improve phytoremediation efficiency. 3) Both biomass yields and contaminants accumulation concentration in plant must be considered when evaluating phytoremediation efficiency. 4) The efficacy of the phytoremediation function will be influenced by factors such as plant selection, climate situation, additions of substrate, soil properties, etc. Furthermore, the concentration of contaminants varies between plants as well as between different parts of the plant. 5) Management and maintenance are essential for a successful phytoremediation operation. It is critical to protect plants against disease, fungi, insects, pests and so on.
The effect of inoculation with Rhizophagus irregularis on the expression level of phosphate transporter genes in the roots of Medicago lupulina under conditions of low phosphorus level in the substrate
Authors: Filatov P V , Kalinina A E , Kudryashova T R , Gorbunova A O , Kryukov A A , Ivanchenko O B , Aronova E B , Yurkov A P
Published: October 2022

The dynamics of expression of some genes responsible for phosphorus transport (PT1, PT2, PT4, ATP1) at different developmental stages of Medicago lupulina in roots inoculated and uninoculated with AM fungus were analyzed. The levels of MtPT1 and MtPT2 transcripts were decreased under condition of AM symbiosis development. For the first time it is in M. lupulina AM roots that MlATP1 expression has been analyzed. The dynamics of AM-specific MlPT4 and MlATP1 expression depended on developmental stage of the host plant. The key changes in gene expression were observed at the stemming stage of M. lupulina plants.
Risk assessment of selected pesticides for earthworms
Authors: Kolupaeva V N
Published: October 2022

An assessment of the risk for earthworms of 48 most persistent and toxic pesticides was carried out when they were used in the conditions of Western Siberia (soil-climatic scenario Novosibirsk). As calculations showed, the risk of long-term exposure of earthworms to 15 pesticides (31%) was assessed as high, and the fungicide carbendazim also has a high short-term risk. Among high-risk pesticides, fungicides predominate, with 11 out of 18 studied. The high risk for earthworms seems to be related to the climatic conditions in the study area, characterized by low average annual air temperatures, long frost periods and low rainfall, which contribute to the prolonged persistence of pesticide residues in the soil.
Application of plant protection biological product via pulsed intra-soil discrete methodology
Authors: Chaplygin V , Budynkov N , Glinushkin A , Mikhaleva S , Proskurin A , Kozyrev S , Kalinitchenko V , Minkina T , Chernenko V , Mandzhieva S , Sushkova S , Barakhov A , Soboleva L , Gruzdev G , Shestakova A , Gordeeva A , Kosheleva E
Published: October 2022

Hardly decomposable aboveground and underground plant residues are a substrate for the Fusarium graminearum, F. moniliforme and other dangerous infections of subsequent crops in the crop rotation. For the period 2014-2020, an infection of grain with F. moniliforme increased in the Kursk region by 2.3 times; in Volgograd region by 3.7 times; in Rostov region by 8.7 times; and in the Stavropol Territory by 5.4 times. After treatment of plant residues of corn with biological preparation-sanator, a rhizoctonia disappeared from the winter wheat agrophytocenosis, and an occurrence of the F. moniliforme decreased by 2.5 times; a frequency of occurrence of pathogenic fungi F. moniliforme and F. avenaceum on the aerial parts of a plant was 20%, and on the plant residues 10% or less. A microbial colonization of the underground residues of sunflower and corn plants by F. moniliforme after harvesting was up to 30% for three years. Intra-soil pulse continuous-discrete robotic system for application of a biological plant protection product has been developed to increase an impact of biological plant protection product on phytopathogen into the plant residue and topsoil. The method provides priority plant protection from harmful biological objects, improving soil health, increasing plant productivity and product quality.
Environmental impact on clinical and anthropometric indicators of patients with face injury in a state of acute traumatic stress
Authors: Gedulyanov M T , Borisevich S V , Meshalkin V P , Egorov M P
Published: October 2022

The environment affects the health of a patient with a maxillofacial injury if it provokes acute traumatic stress and is a stressor, which leads to physiological adaptive reactions. Physiological reactions initiate the patient over the influence on chronically stressful physical and social environmental factors, e.g., because of alcohol consumption. Physiological reaction to acute traumatic stress can accumulate and lead to excessive influence on neurons, endocrine and immune mediators, leading to persistent negative patient health with facial trauma, affecting the hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal cortex, sympathetic nervous and immune systems with subsequent consequences for the human peripheral system. Negative health consequences for a patient with a maxillofacial injury include: the influence of height, weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, which is associated with cardiovascular disease, stroke, loss of physical and cognitive functioning. Acute traumatic stress negatively affects chronic diseases by affecting the metabolic system, including high total cholesterol, high lipoprotein density, overweight, and elevated glucose levels. These metabolic parameters are associated with an increased risk of patient mortality, increased cardiovascular risk, and worsening of functions cognitive, namely, a decrease in memory, mental capacity for work, perceiving of information, processing, and analysis of information, memorizing, and keeping, which is the result of environmental influences. The aim is to investigate the relationship between the environment of the metropolis and the clinical and anthropometric parameters of patients with facial trauma in a state of acute traumatic stress. The authors considered the hypothesis that the relationship was mediated by acute traumatic stress and the patient’s state of health.
Peculiarities of state control to water objects with using of radar systems
Authors: Ryzhova D A , Zavalin A A , Karakotov S D , Rud S V
Published: October 2022

The necessity of monitoring the condition of water bodies is substantiated. The method of environmental monitoring of the water surface using radar systems is considered. The results of online monitoring, rapid monitoring technologies, and an integrated environmental monitoring system of water surfaces using radar methods were processed. The comparison of various results of water surface monitoring was carried out to determine the adequacy of the data obtained as a result of radar monitoring. Recommendations for expanding the capabilities of radar monitoring are proposed.
Development of concept and methods for identifying and analyzing sociocultural factors in the context of the digital transformation of the economy
Authors: Glukhov V V , Vicentiy A V , Vicentiy I V
Published: October 2022

To ensure effective interaction, including cross-border interaction, of business, the state and citizens, knowledge and compliance with only formal, documented rules are often not enough. Significant impact on the success of cooperation, especially cross-border, has the ability of counterparties to take into account the socio-cultural characteristics of the other side. Based on the fact that the digital economy is a system of economic, social and cultural relations based on the use of digital information and communication technologies, formalizing the components of this system and developing mechanisms for their assessment is an urgent task. The aim of our work is to develop a concept and methods for identifying and analyzing sociocultural factors in the context of the digital transformation of the economy. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the integrated use of methods of semantic analysis of texts, case analysis, conceptual modeling, big data analysis and artificial intelligence for a formal description and analysis of the essence of socio-cultural differences that are potentially significant for the implementation of cross-border economic interaction. The practical significance of the results of the work is related to the elimination of existing obstacles and limitations for the creation and development of cross-border businesses related to cultural differences of contractors.
Infrared photoresistance as a sensitive probe of electronic transport in twisted bilayer graphene
Authors: Hubmann S , Di Battista G , Dmitriev I A , Watanabe K , Taniguchi T , Efetov D K , Ganichev S D
Published: October 2022

We report on observation of the infrared photoresistance of twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG) under continuous quantum cascade laser illumination at a frequency of 57.1 THz. The photoresistance shows an intricate sign-alternating behavior under variations of temperature and back gate voltage, and exhibits giant resonance-like enhancements at certain gate voltages. The structure of the photoresponse correlates with weaker features in the dark dc resistance reflecting the complex band structure of tBLG. It is shown that the observed photoresistance is well captured by a bolometric model describing the electron and hole gas heating, which implies an ultrafast thermalization of the photoexcited electron–hole pairs in the whole range of studied temperatures and back gate voltages. We establish that photoresistance can serve a highly sensitive probe of the temperature variations of electronic transport in tBLG.
Discrete characteristic and edge effect during subsurface microhardness measurement of Ti-6Al-4V alloy
Authors: Hou Ning , Zhang Yuxin , Wang Minghai , Huang Shutao , Kong Xianjun
Published: October 2022

This paper investigates the discrete characteristic and edge effect of subsurface microhardness of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The results show that the discrete degree of Ti-6Al-4V alloy microhardness decreases with increasing loading force. When the loading force is 200 gf, only five microhardness measurements are needed to reduce the interference of discrete characteristic. Importantly, the edge effect was found during measuring the subsurface microhardness of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The edge effect means that the microhardness value is little when its indentation position is close to a workpiece edge. Finite element analysis reveals that the low support strength of workpiece edge is responsible for the edge effect. This study further clarifies that a Vickers indenter is not suitable for characterizing the machined subsurface microhardness on account of the limitations of edge effect and indenter size.