bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and evaluation of a Smartphone-enabled, caregiver-supported educational intervention for management of physical disabilities following stroke in India: protocol for a formative research study
Authors: Sureshkumar K , Murthy G V S , Kinra Sanjay , Goenka Shifalika , Kuper Hannah
Published: July 2015

The incidence and prevalence of stroke in India has reached epidemic proportions. The growing magnitude of disability in patients with stroke in India poses a major public health challenge. Given the nature of the condition, affected individuals often become disabled with profound effects on their quality of life. The availability of rehabilitation services for people with disabilities is inadequate in India. Rehabilitation services are usually offered by private hospitals located in urban areas and many stroke survivors, especially those who are poor or live in rural areas, cannot afford to pay for, or do not have access to, such services. Thus, identification of cost-effective ways to rehabilitate people with stroke-related disability is an important challenge. Educational interventions in stroke rehabilitation can assist stroke survivors to make informed decisions regarding their on-going treatment and to self-manage their condition with support from their caregivers. Although educational interventions have been shown to improve patient knowledge for self-management of stroke, an optimal format for the intervention has not as yet been established, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This formative research study aims to systematically develop an educational intervention for management of post-stroke disability for stroke survivors in India, and evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of delivering the intervention using Smartphones and with caregiver support. The research study will be conducted in Chennai, India, and will be organised in three different phases.Phase 1:Development of the intervention.Phase 2:Field testing and finalising the intervention.Phase 3:Piloting of the intervention and assessment of feasibility and acceptability. A mixed-methods approach will be used to develop and evaluate the intervention. If successful, it will help realise the potential of using Smartphone-enabled, carer-supported educational intervention to bridge the gaps in service access for rehabilitation of individuals with stroke-related disability in India. The proposed research will also provide valuable information for clinicians and policymakers.
AV Magnivisualizer: a low-cost screening technology for early detection of precancerous and early cancerous lesions of the uterine cervix
Authors: Parashari Aditya , Singh Veena , Sehgal Ashok , Mehrotra Ravi
Published: July 2015

Cervical cancer is a leading malignancy among women in developing countries. Screening based on visual techniques, including visual inspection (VI), VI with acetic acid (VIA) and VIA under magnification (VIAM), has been tested in different research settings and found to be useful. In the field settings of primary health centres, the only available light source is generally a tungsten bulb emitting yellow light attached to a torch or examination light. This type of light has a masking effect on the lesions in a pinkish mucosal background. Thus, an ideal light source with certain magnification is a highly desirable requirement for VI of the cervix for early detection of early and precancerous lesions. A portable, user-friendly, low-cost device (AV Magnivisualizer), which has a complete spectrum of visible light (white light) and interchangeable magnification, was developed by the authors. This instrument showed better sensitivity to detect significant precancerous lesions of the cervix compared with VIA (83% vs 54%) without losing any specificity. Studies confirmed that the AV Magnivisualizer may replace a colposcope in settings where colposcopy facility may not exist. After studying the potential utilisation and usefulness of its ever-evolving role in screening and evaluation at a very low cost (approximately US$160 per piece), the Government of India launched this instrument for widespread use. The Indian Council of Medical Research has recently completed the agreement for commercial production of the equipment. This article elaborates the development of the device and validation studies on this equipment in various settings.
Geomechanical safety assessment for transversely isotropic rock mass subjected to deep mining operations
Authors: Pytel W. , Pałac-Walko B.
Published: July 2015

The largest risk for mining operations conducted within the Legnica–Głogów Copper Basin is created mostly by high-energy tremors, the hypocenters of which are located within the main roof strata composed of sedimentary-type rocks — mainly dolomite and anhydrite — about 40–200 m above the excavated copper ore body. These categories of rock clearly exhibit anisotropic strength–deformation characteristics that may significantly affect the safety level value represented by the appropriate safety margin (or safety factor) based on an adequate strength hypothesis. As the focal mechanism most often encountered in such tremors is a slipping-type mechanism with a rupture plane, typically the Mohr–Coulomb theory of strength is applied for a safety level assessment in Polish copper mines. It has been assumed, however, that strength theories based on anisotropic failure criteria should serve as better indicators of correlation between observed and well-characterized sedimentary rock strata failure mechanisms and the location of concentrated areas of the negative values of margin of safety within the rock mass. As changing levels of stress in the rock mass during the mining process may be tracked effectively using solutions offered by appropriate three-dimensional geomechanical models (e.g., finite element method), the assessment of these changes due to mining-face progress is also possible in the location where the seismic tremor occurred. This assessment is characterized by its focal mechanism using the appropriate geophysical methods that permit finding such geomechanical conditions, engaging also the rock mass’ strain–stress states and the material anisotropic characteristics. On the basis of the long-term path of rock mass loading — due to mining predicted by numerical modeling — this could indicate the necessary conditions that should be fulfilled if the anticipated methods of the geophysics failure mechanism could be developed. This is particularly important for anisotropic rock structures. The proposed approach is illustrated using an example of a strong seismic energy event of 0.22 GJ that occurred in 2005 in an area of the Rudna mine.
Anomalous chromomagnetic moment of quarks
Authors: Choudhury Ishita Dutta , Lahiri Amitabha
Published: July 2015

We do a perturbative calculation of the anomalous chromomagnetic dipole moment (CMDM) of quarks at one-loop, considering the effect of a small mass of the gluon. We find partial agreement with a previous calculation, as well as a divergence. We explain these results by noting that perturbation theory is not valid at the energy scales where these calculations were done, and proceed to give the results at the [Formula: see text] scale. We find significant variation, of the anomalous moment of the light quarks, as a function of gluon mass.
Recombination of H and He in Yang–Mills Gravity
Authors: Katz Daniel
Published: July 2015

We investigate some aspects of the thermal history of the early universe according to Yang–Mills Gravity (YMG); a gauge theory of gravity set in flat space–time. Specifically, equations for the ionization fractions of hydrogen and singly ionized helium during the recombination epoch are deduced analytically and then solved numerically. By considering several approximations, we find that the presence of primordial helium and its interaction with Lyman series photons has a much stronger effect on the overall free electron density in YMG than it does in the standard, General Relativity (GR)-based, model. Compared to the standard model, recombination happens over a much larger range of temperatures, although there is still a very sharp temperature of last scattering around 2000 K. The ionization history of the universe is not directly observable, but knowledge of it is necessary for CMB power spectrum calculations. Such calculations will provide another rigorous test of YMG and will be explored in detail in an upcoming paper.
A note on quasi-alternating Montesinos links
Authors: Champanerkar Abhijit , Ording Philip
Published: July 2015

Quasi-alternating links are a generalization of alternating links. They are homologically thin for both Khovanov homology and knot Floer homology. Recent work of Greene and joint work of the first author with Kofman resulted in the classification of quasi-alternating pretzel links in terms of their integer tassel parameters. Replacing tassels by rational tangles generalizes pretzel links to Montesinos links. In this paper we establish conditions on the rational parameters of a Montesinos link to be quasi-alternating. Using recent results on left-orderable groups and Heegaard Floer L-spaces, we also establish conditions on the rational parameters of a Montesinos link to be non-quasi-alternating. We discuss examples which are not covered by the above results.
A Simple Scheme to Solve Saint-Venant Equations by Finite Element Method
Authors: Zarmehi Fatemeh , Tavakoli Ali
Published: July 2015

Solving the Saint-Venant equations by finite element method (FEM) takes a long CPU time (even for a short time). Hence, we can apply the fast numerical methods such as finite difference method. But, these methods are not stable most of the time and moreover verification of the stability for these methods is very hard. The main reason is that the construction of the system needs the (analytical or numerical) integration of many (complicated) nonlinear functions in each time step. In this paper, we present a methodology to solution of these equations. The proposed method stabilizes the Saint-Venant equations, avoiding oscillations around discontinuities. In comparison with current methodology for construction of the system discretized by FEM, our methodology takes much shorter time. In addition, we split the discretized system into two simple systems so that each of them can be solved through direct methods. To demonstrate the performance of the method, some examples are presented.
OntoQL: An Alternative to Semantic Web Query Languages
Authors: Jean Stéphane , Aït-Ameur Yamine , Pierra Guy
Published: July 2015

Ontologies are used in several application domains for representing knowledge. The defined approaches differ according to the type of addressed ontology (conceptual or linguistic) and to the used ontology model (e.g. OWL or PLIB). Several languages have been proposed to manipulate ontologies and their instances, especially in the Semantic Web domain. However these languages are often specific to a given ontology model, they focus on conceptual ontologies and they are not compatible with database exploitation languages. We address these three problems in this paper by proposing the OntoQL language. This language has three main original characteristics: (1) OntoQL is based on a core ontology model composed of the shared constructors of ontology models. This core ontology model can be extended by the language itself, (2) OntoQL queries can be expressed with different natural languages features using the linguistic layer of an ontology, and (3) OntoQL is fully compatible with SQL enabling a smooth integration between SQL queries of classical database applications and ontological queries. As a theoretical validation of this language, we present the algebra of operators that sets up its formal semantics. On the operational side, we describe the implementation of OntoQL on the OntoDB database and we illustrate the interest of this language by reporting several applications where this language has been extensively used and proved powerful.
Survival analysis of a stochastic single-species population model with jumps in a polluted environment
Authors: Liu Meng , Wang Ke
Published: July 2015

This paper is concerned with a stochastic single-species system with Lévy jumps in a polluted environment. Some sufficient conditions on extinction, non-persistence in the mean, weak persistence in the mean, strong persistence in the mean, stability in the mean and stochastic permanence are obtained. The threshold between extinction and weak persistence in the mean is established. At the same time, under a simple condition, it is proved that this threshold also is the threshold between extinction and stability in the mean. The results reveal that Lévy jumps have significant effects to the persistence and extinction results.
The Comparative Study on Peasant Sustainable Livelihood Models in Rural Tourism Areas — A Case from Jixian, Tianjin
Authors: ZHANG Ruiying , XI Jianchao , ZHANG Nan
Published: July 2015

The differences exist among rural areas of different tourism types in the aspects of peasant livelihood capital, livelihood strategy, and livelihood outcome. This paper conducts the comparative studies on peasant sustainable livelihood on two representatives, Maojiayu village and Changzhou village in Jixian (a county in Tianjin), based on the fieldwork and participatory country evaluating methods. The study finds that: (1) in rural areas of different tourism types, where their natural background, history of development, resources endowment, and regional policy are different, their tourism livelihood capital is various. The comparison finds huge differences in natural capital, material capital, and financial capital, but tiny difference in human resources capital and social capital for Maojiayu village and Changzhou village. (2) For the comparison of livelihood strategy and livelihood outcome, Maojiayu village mainly focus on the tourism-program-driven livelihood, while Changzhou village's livelihood is driven by tourism facilities and natural environment. The transformation and upgrading of tourism accommodation can significantly promote the tourism livelihood outcome; meanwhile, the introducing of new tourism programs can also bring the same effect. (3) The peasants in Maojiayu village and Changzhou village feel more comfortable, confident, and healthier by realizing the integration and localization of living and employment, as well as solving the issues of Three Rural Issues, for example left-behind children and empty-nest elderly in rural areas. If the local government can help to further improve the livelihood capital and extent tourism industry chain in the rural tourism areas, the peasants will have more livelihood strategy choices to promote the rural tourism industry.
Reasoning About Substructures and Games
Authors: Benerecetti Massimo , Mogavero Fabio , Murano Aniello
Published: July 2015

Many decision problems in formal verification and design can be suitably formulated in game-theoretic terms. This is the case for the model checking of open and closed systems and both controller and reactive synthesis. Interpreted in this context, these problems require one to find a strategy (i.e., a plan) to force the system to fulfill some desired goal, no matter what the opponent (e.g., the environment) does. A strategy essentially constrains the possible behaviors of the system to those that are compatible with the decisions dictated by the plan itself. Therefore, finding a strategy to meet some goal basically reduces to identifying a portion of the model of interest (i.e., one of its substructures) that satisfies that goal. In this view, the ability to reason about substructures becomes a crucial aspect for several fundamental problems.

In this article, we present and study a new branching-time temporal logic, called Substructure Temporal Logic (STL * for short), whose distinctive feature is to allow for quantifying over the possible substructure of a given structure. The logic is obtained by adding four new temporal-like operators to CTL *, whose interpretation is given relative to the partial order induced by a suitable substructure relation. STL * turns out to be very expressive and allows one to capture in a very natural way many well-known problems, such as module checking, reactive synthesis, and reasoning about games in a wide sense. A formal account of the model-theoretic properties of the new logic and results about (un)decidability and complexity of related decision problems are also provided.
Testing a Distributed System
Authors: Maddox Philip
Published: July 2015

Distributed systems can be especially difficult to program, for a variety of reasons. They can be difficult to design, difficult to manage, and, above all, difficult to test. Testing a normal system can be trying even under the best of circumstances, and no matter how diligent the tester is, bugs can still get through. Now take all of the standard issues and multiply them by multiple processes written in multiple languages running on multiple boxes that could potentially all be on different operating systems, and there is potential for a real disaster.
Environmental Enrichment Attenuated Sevoflurane-Induced Neurotoxicity through the PPAR-γSignaling Pathway
Authors: Zhao Yupeng , Chen Kaizheng , Shen Xia
Published: July 2015

Sevoflurane is the most widely used inhaled anesthetic. Environmental enrichment (EE) can reverse sevoflurane-induced learning and memory impairment in young mice. However, the mechanism by which EE elicits this effect is unclear. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) regulatory pathway plays a critical role in the regulation of inflammation in central nervous system diseases. In this study, we investigated whether EE attenuates sevoflurane-induced learning and memory disability via the PPAR signaling pathway. Six-day-old mice were treated with 3% sevoflurane for 2 hours daily from postnatal day 6 (P6) to P8. Then, the mice were treated with EE. The effects of sevoflurane on learning and memory function, PPAR-γexpression in the brain, and the numbers of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling-positive cells and 5-bromodeoxyuridine-positive cells in the hippocampus were determined. Sevoflurane induced neuronal apoptosis and neurogenesis inhibition, which may impair learning and memory in young mice. Furthermore, sevoflurane downregulated PPAR-γexpression. Both EE and the PPAR-γagonist, rosiglitazone, attenuated sevoflurane-induced neuronal apoptosis, neurogenesis inhibition, and learning and memory impairment. Our findings suggest that EE ameliorated sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity and learning and memory impairment through the PPAR-γsignaling pathway. PPAR-γmay be a potential therapeutic target for preventing or treating sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity.
H∞Loop Shaping Control of Input Saturated Systems with Norm-Bounded Parametric Uncertainty
Authors: Pereira Renan Lima , Kienitz Karl Heinz
Published: July 2015

This paper proposes a gain-scheduling control design strategy for a class of linear systems with the presence of both input saturation constraints and norm-bounded parametric uncertainty. LMI conditions are derived in order to obtain a gain-scheduled controller that ensures the robust stability and performance of the closed loop system. The main steps to obtain such a controller are given. Differently from other gain-scheduled approaches in the literature, this one focuses on the problem ofH∞loop shaping control design with input saturation nonlinearity and norm-bounded uncertainty to reduce the effect of the disturbance input on the controlled outputs. Here, the design problem has been formulated in the four-blockH∞synthesis framework, in which it is possible to describe the parametric uncertainty and the input saturation nonlinearity as perturbations to normalized coprime factors of the shaped plant. As a result, the shaped plant is represented as a linear parameter-varying (LPV) system while the norm-bounded uncertainty and input saturation are incorporated. This procedure yields a linear parameter-varying structure for the controller that ensures the stability of the polytopic LPV shaped plant from the vertex property. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is illustrated through application to a physical system: a VTOL “vertical taking-off landing” helicopter.
A Simple Proof of Damien’s Theorem and Duality in Theory of the Zero-Distance Phase Front
Authors: Gitin Andrey Valerievich
Published: July 2015

Duality plays the main role in all mathematical theories. In wave optics based on the concept of “the zero-distance phase front,” duality takes the form of Damien’s theorem and the mirror symmetry between the conic refracting surfaces with the plane zero-distance phase front and the plane refracting surfaces with the conic zero-distance phase front. A systematic study of these dualities has been performed.
Solitary Laryngeal Metastasis from Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Kidney: Clinical Case and Review of the Literature
Authors: Assi Tarek , El Rassy Elie , Haddad Amine , Kattan Joseph
Published: July 2015

The urogenital tract is a rare origin of laryngeal metastasis; transitional cell carcinoma with laryngeal metastases had never been reported previously. In this paper, we describe the clinical and pathological characteristics, evolution, and treatment of the first reported case of a laryngeal metastasis of a TCC followed by a brief review of the literature.
Evaluation of TB Case Finding through Systematic Contact Investigation, Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Khaparde Kshitij , Jethani Pawan , Dewan Puneet K. , Nair Sreenivas A. , Deshpande Madhav Rao , Satyanarayana Srinath , Mannan Shamim , Moonan Patrick K.
Published: July 2015

Rationale. Contact investigation is an established tool for early case detection of tuberculosis (TB). In India, contact investigation is not often conducted, despite national policy, and the yield of contact investigation is not well described.Objective. To determine the yield of evaluating household contacts of sputum smear-positive TB cases in Rajnandgaon district, Chhattisgarh, India.Methods. Among 14 public health care facilities with sputum smear microscopy services, home visits were conducted to identify household contacts of all registered sputum smear-positive TB cases. We used a standardized protocol to screen for clinical symptoms suggestive of active TB with additional referral for chest radiograph and sputa collection.Results. From December 2010 to May 2011, 1,556 household contacts of 312 sputum smear-positive TB cases were identified, of which 148 (9.5%) were symptomatic. Among these, 109 (73.6%) were evaluated by sputum examination resulting in 11 cases (10.1%) of sputum smear-positive TB and 4 cases (3.6%) of smear-negative TB. Household visits contributed additional 63% TB cases compared to passive case detection alone.Conclusion. A standard procedure for conducting household contact investigation identified additional TB cases in the community and offered an opportunity to initiate isoniazid chemoprophylaxis among children.
Numerical Simulation of Wind-Driven Circulation in a Thermally Stratified Flow
Authors: Lee Jin Woo , Cho He-Rin , Cho Yong-Sik
Published: July 2015

The closed water bodies, such as reservoirs and lakes, can be polluted by an inflow of pollutants in the upstream as well as a stratification caused by seasonal natural phenomena. The vertical circulation particularly plays an important role in reducing environmental pollutants. The factors of the vertical circulation are the temperature, wind, thermal diffusivity, sunlight, and so on. The wind is the most significant factor among all possible factors causing the vertical circulation. Thus, it is necessary to describe the validation and application of a three-dimensional numerical model of wind-driven circulation in a thermally stratified flow. In this study, the numerical model is conducted in three steps to calculate the velocity components from the momentum equations inx- andy-directions, the elevations from the free surface equation, and the temperature from the scalar transport equation. The present model was applied to two tests for verification of the numerical accuracy. Numerical results are compared with analytical solutions of the sloshing free surface movement in a rectangular basin and the model is applied to the circulation for the wind-driven flow in a thermal stratification. Consequently, the developed model is validated by two verifications and phenomena of the internal flow.
A nomenclatural revision of Quercus acutifolia, Q. conspersa and Q. grahamii (Lobatae, Fagaceae)
Authors: Avalos Susana Valencia , Franco Gabriel Flores , Ramírez Jaime Jiménez
Published: July 2015

A nomenclatural conflict between Quercus acutifolia and Q. conspersa is solved based on the thorough revision of herbarium specimens, type specimens, original descriptions and field observations. Q. conspersa is proposed as a synonym of Q. acutifolia, as are the names Q. acutifolia ζ conspersa, Q. acutifolia β bonplandi, Q. acutifolia γ angustifolia, Q. acutifolia ε longifolia and Q. candolleana. In addition, Q. grahamii is recognized as the correct name for the taxon identified  as Q. acutifolia. Q. conspersa is lectotypified and Q. conspersa f. caudata is neotypified here. Information on the distribution of Q. acutifolia and Q. grahamii and the main features used to distinguish them is also provided.
Scientific Teaching: Defining a Taxonomy of Observable Practices
Authors: Couch Brian A. , Brown Tanya L. , Schelpat Tyler J. , Graham Mark J. , Knight Jennifer K.
Published: July 2015

Over the past several decades, numerous reports have been published advocating for changes to undergraduate science education. These national calls inspired the formation of the National Academies Summer Institutes on Undergraduate Education in Biology (SI), a group of regional workshops to help faculty members learn and implement interactive teaching methods. The SI curriculum promotes a pedagogical framework called Scientific Teaching (ST), which aims to bring the vitality of modern research into the classroom by engaging students in the scientific discovery process and using student data to inform the ongoing development of teaching methods. With the spread of ST, the need emerges to systematically define its components in order to establish a common description for education researchers and practitioners. We describe the development of a taxonomy detailing ST’s core elements and provide data from classroom observations and faculty surveys in support of its applicability within undergraduate science courses. The final taxonomy consists of 15 pedagogical goals and 37 supporting practices, specifying observable behaviors, artifacts, and features associated with ST. This taxonomy will support future educational efforts by providing a framework for researchers studying the processes and outcomes of ST-based course transformations as well as a concise guide for faculty members developing classes.
Relations between Intuitive Biological Thinking and Biological Misconceptions in Biology Majors and Nonmajors
Authors: Coley John D. , Tanner Kimberly
Published: July 2015

Research and theory development in cognitive psychology and science education research remain largely isolated. Biology education researchers have documented persistent scientifically inaccurate ideas, often termed misconceptions, among biology students across biological domains. In parallel, cognitive and developmental psychologists have described intuitive conceptual systems—teleological, essentialist, and anthropocentric thinking—that humans use to reason about biology. We hypothesize that seemingly unrelated biological misconceptions may have common origins in these intuitive ways of knowing, termed cognitive construals. We presented 137 undergraduate biology majors and nonmajors with six biological misconceptions. They indicated their agreement with each statement, and explained their rationale for their response. Results indicate frequent agreement with misconceptions, and frequent use of construal-based reasoning among both biology majors and nonmajors in their written explanations. Moreover, results also show associations between specific construals and the misconceptions hypothesized to arise from those construals. Strikingly, such associations were stronger among biology majors than nonmajors. These results demonstrate important linkages between intuitive ways of thinking and misconceptions in discipline-based reasoning, and raise questions about the origins, persistence, and generality of relations between intuitive reasoning and biological misconceptions.
A Tale of Two Sections: An Experiment to Compare the Effectiveness of a Hybrid versus a Traditional Lecture Format in Introductory Microbiology
Authors: Adams Alison E. M. , Randall Shelby , Traustadóttir Tinna
Published: July 2015

Two sections of an introductory microbiology course were taught by one instructor. One was taught through a hybrid format and the other through a traditional format. Students were randomly assigned to the two sections. Both sections were provided with identical lecture materials, in-class worksheets, in-class assessments, and extra credit opportunities; the main difference was in the way the lecture material was delivered—online for the hybrid section and in person for the traditional section. Analysis of final grades revealed that students in the traditional section did significantly better than those in the hybrid section (p < 0.001). There was a significant main effect of class standing (p < 0.01). When performance in the two sections was compared for each class year separately, the differences were only significant for sophomores (p < 0.001); freshmen, juniors, and seniors did not perform differently in the hybrid versus the traditional section. An anonymous midterm survey suggested factors likely contributing to the overall lower success of students in the hybrid section: some students in the hybrid section did not take lecture notes and/or use the audio component of the online lectures, suggesting minimal interaction with the lecture material for these students.
Evaluation of indicators of immunity in long and sickly children in primary care
Authors: Стаханов  , Stakhanov V. , Белова  , Belova E. , Яснева  , Yasneva M.
Published: July 2015

The authors have evaluated the immune status, the level of skin sensitivity to tuberculin in long and sickly children in primary care. It is stated that the main cause of frequent and long illness in children and adolescents are a chronic pathology of the naso - and oropharynx and the allergic diseases (bronchial asthma and atopic dermatitis). Pathogenetic basis of frequent and long respiratory infections are the changes in an immunological reactivity, i.e. reduction of phagocytosis, disorders of functional activity of T-lymphocytes, the ratio changes of helpers/suppressors, reduction of the level of cytotoxic lymphocytes. These changes are non-specific and mixed involve all parts of the immune system. Tuberculin sensitivity in the majority of children has postvaccinal character. There is anergy on the second or third years after vaccination. Apparently, the low sensitivity is an index of immune reactivity in fre-quently and long ill children and it has a low immune response to BCG vaccination. The group of long and sick-ly children can be considered to the risk of developing tuberculosis.
The structure and incidence of preterm birth in nulliparous women
Authors: Кузибаева  , Kuzibaeva R. , Хадарцева  , Khadartseva K.
Published: July 2015

The article presents current views on the problem of preterm birth, various mechanisms of development and approaches to early diagnosis and prevention. Ultrasound plays a leading role in the examination of pregnant women, because of its relative simplicity, invasiveness, safety for mother and fetus. Ultrasound assessment of the cervix should be considered highly informative and prognostically valuable in the diagnosis of threatened abortion. Transvaginal measurement of cervical length is carried out for the prediction of parturition in pregnant women, who are not related to the risk of a premature birth. Ultrasound assessment of the cervix, as a screening technique is used in the Tula region for early diagnosis, accurate forecasting and perinatal outcomes, due to the large number of etiological factors and the lack of a specific method of timely diagnosis. Various risk factors are taken into account in nulliparous women who are associated with idiopathic preterm birth, prenatal rupture of membranes and termination of pregnancy for medical reasons. Preterm birth is a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality of newborns in nulliparous, despite the improvement in perinatal outcome in recent years.
Dynamics of changes of heart activity at patients with the syndrome of critical ischemia and coronary heart disease at multilevel arterial occlusions depending on features of complex therapy
Authors: Лущенко  , Lushchenko I. , Дрожжин  , Drozhzhin E. , Зорькин  , Zorkin A.
Published: July 2015

Research is devoted to topical issue of vascular surgery – to treatment of patients with multilevel arterial occlusions of the lower extremities in a stage of critical ischemia. 80 patients with a combination of critical ischemia and coronary heart disease were randomized in 2 groups. The concept of the combined treatment of patients with multilevel defeat of the arterial course in combination with the coronary heart disease combining complex conservative therapy with perioperation application of a vazaprostan and sulodexide and multicomponent reconstructive (including endovascular) operations, is applied at 40 patients with critical ische-mia. Improvement of diastolic function of the left ventricle against reduction of heart rate is noted. In the first three months after the beginning of reception of a vazaprostan and a sulodexide improvement of a coronary blood-groove in the first for 23% was observed. Total number of attacks of ischemia per day in the main group decreased by the end of 3 months by 68% in the main group. Recovery of normal geometry of heart in group of the patients receiving vazaprostan and sulodexide is revealed at 56% of patients. In 3 years after operation the frequency of preservation of an extremity at them was 30% higher, than at patients to whom therapy wasn´t carried out by these drugs. Use in strategy of complex conservative therapy of a vazaprostan and sulodeksid allows to reduce at them the frequency of amputations and to improve quality of life due to stabilization of a course of coronary heart disease.
New technologies in pulmonology according to the research materials of the tula scientific school (brief literature review)
Authors: Федоров  , Fedorov S. , Митюшкина  , Mityushkina O. , Борисова  , Borisova O. , Троицкий  , Troitskiy M.
Published: July 2015

This brief literature review presents the results of activities of the Tula scientific school "Medical technologies in the system of external control of the functioning of the human body". The scientists of this school has prepared 32 doctoral dissertations and 51 PhD thesis, has published 89 monographs, 1 textbook, 630 articles, 340 of which are in the leading journals, has received 63 copyright certificates and patents for inventions, has registered 9 discoveries. The authors present a list of the main works of the scientific school in the section "Pulmonology", namely 20 copyright certificates and patents for inventions, the studies supporting the effectiveness of the developed devices and technologies, the professional practices of pulmonary pathology of certain diseases, syndromes and possibilities of their correction.
The mexidol effects for activation of mitochondrial activity in athletes
Authors: Фудин  , Fudin N. , Хадарцев  , Khadartsev Aleksandr , Несмеянов  , Nesmeyanov A.
Published: July 2015

This brief report presents a description of the basic properties of mitochondria, providing a formation of energy in the human body, the ability to control a formation of energy under the influence of the Mexidol. The authors showed the main physiological effects of Mexidol in athletes and in various pathologies. A comparative study of growth performance of the pressing the barbell in the posture of lying and deadlifts in the main group of 15 people and control of 23 athletes was carried out. The athletes of the main group received the Mexidol in the dose of 200 mg/kg of body weight for 2,5 weeks. The authors found no significant increase of results in this group compared with the control and defined the importance of further studies of the properties of mitochondria and opportunities of the Mexidol in their modulation.
The central and peripheral hemodynamics in obesity (literature review and authors’ research)
Authors: Киреев  , Kireev Semen , Токарев  , Tokarev A.
Published: July 2015

Diagnosis and treatment of hemodynamic disorders and especially hypertension in obese patients is a medico-social problem. Dynamic monitoring and control of the treatment with a non-invasive method of examination is required for these patients with labile psycho-emotional status. Dynamics control is necessary during a certain period of time and with a computer program evaluating the obtained results. The authors examined the patients with obesity on the complex Simon III, allowing to carrying out a comprehensive survey of non-invasive dynamic within a few minutes of observation with the software of the survey process. From a study of the literature suggests that overweight reduces contractility and diastolic function. The examination of 14 men (who do not have acute and chronic diseases, without bad habits, aged (29-52 years) revealed an inverse relationship between increasing body mass index and the index of myocardial contractility (r = -0.62, p <98 %) and the feedback correlation inotropy condition index (r = - 0,75, p <99%)., stroke index and left ventricular work fell well within the normal range of values. Such a detailed interpretation of hemodynamics makes it possible to more reasonable therapy of hypertension and prediction of outcomes in patients with obesity.
Contact controlled cryosurgery in the treatment of patients with trophic ulcers (short report)
Authors: Аралова  , Aralova M. , Глухов  , Glukhov A.
Published: July 2015

Treatment of trophic ulcers of the lower extremities is the complex problem of important social value. Regardless of the etiology of wounds, principles of treatment are to adequately match to topical treatment, which begins with cleansing the wound from fibrin, necrotic masses, abnormal granulation.

The research purpose is to develop, to approve a technique of contact controlled destruction of patho-logically changed tissues on a surface of a trophic ulcer and to estimate efficiency of its use.

Materials and methods of research. The authors have developed a methodology contact controlled cryodestruction of pathologically changed tissues on the surface of the ulcer with the use of cryo apparatus CRYO-01 "ELAMED". The technique was used in 23 patients in the first phase of wound process to transfer wounds from chronic to acute, acceleration of rejection of necrotic masses.

Results and their discussion. During the first bandaging in 2-3 days after removal of a bandage and ma-chining the torn-away impractical tissues were removed easily and without serious consequences, the wound was almost completely cleared of a scab, fibrin and necrotic tissues by 3rd days. That is the II phase of wound process began.

Conclusions. Contact controlled cryodestruction of pathologically changed tissues on a surface of a trophic ulcer allows almost without serious consequences, in short terms to transfer a wound to the II phase of wound process and to prepare its surface for different types of skin plasticity.
Estimation of non-linear dynamic processes and oscillating circuit of microcirculation bed in periodontal tissues by laser doppler flowmetry
Authors: Коровкин  , Korovkin V. , Ипполитов  , Ippolitov Yuriy , Коровкина  , Korovkina A.
Published: July 2015

The article discusses the assessment of the level of interconnection of non-linear dynamic and oscillatory processes in the microvasculature of periodontal tissues by laser Doppler flowmetry. For this purpose an examination of 62 patients aged 18-36 years was carried out. The control group consisted of 20 healthy indi-viduals without co-morbidities with intact periodontium. The 1st group was 20 patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis mild; the 2nd group – 22 patients with chronic generalized periodontitis mild. The laser Doppler flow-metry with spectral continuous wavelet analysis of the blood flow oscillations was carried out by the apparatus LACC-02 (SPE "LAZMA", Russia). In the course of the study the authors evaluated the relative vibration ener-gy of E0 flow using spectral analysis of the records of the LDF (program 2.2.509 - SPE "LAZMA", Russia) and normalized nonlinear dynamic parameters of microcirculation of periodontal tissues. This allows to reveal their relationship to the parameters of the oscillatory process, to conduct its analysis, to understand the state of the macroscopic behaviour of the modulating factors, both in normal and in pathological conditions. As result of this study, it was found that the changes of the normalized nonlinear parameters microvasculature of periodontal tissues during the inflammatory process (I and II study group) were characterized by a decrease of the chaotic behavior of the system of microcirculation and its order on the basis of the numerical parameters of randomness (*, D2 N).
Analysis of the characteristics and problems of the development of palliative geriatric care
Authors: Пономарева  , Ponomareva I.
Published: July 2015

паллиативная помощь, гериатрия, геронтология, старость, профессиональное образование, мультидисциплинарная помощь.
The application of bulk fill composites in restorations of coronal part of posterior teeth
Authors: Иванов  , Ivanov S. , Шумилович  , Shumilovich B. , Воробьева  , Vorobeva Yu. , Красавин  , Krasavin V.
Published: July 2015

Localization of caries on posterior teeth is due to anatomical features. Fissures having different shapes and deepening are the most vulnerable point. The main causes of violations of fit composite is depressurized hybrid layer, breach conditioning technology, complex terrain the prepared cavity, manual distribution of adhesive in violation of instructions with adhesive systems, the use of eugenol-containing materials, guaiacol, aluminum chloride, ferric sulfate, aluminum sulfate, uncontrolled by power-curing unit, and condensing the composite uneven due to insufficient ductility. Not seen in the course of treatment errors, clearly visible in a few months and give rise to recurrent caries. It was investigated the quality of marginal adaptation of composites such as Bulk Fill in the restoration of posterior teeth. In vitro staining was used border composite-dental hard tissues, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Sealing Flowable composites SDR does not provide the necessary quality of marginal adaptation of composite (presence boundary gap seals depressurization, the presence of air pores, cohesive fracture of the composite, etc.). These facts are missing in the application of the composite with varying viscosity Sonic Fill, which provides the necessary quality and durability of the restora-tion.
Identification and differentiation of bone tumors by the active radiometry
Authors: Ругина  , Rugina N. , Незнамов  , Neznamov M. , Бондарь  , Bondar S. , Зайцев  , Zaytsyev V , Терехов  , Terekhov I.
Published: July 2015

The study discusses the possibility of non-invasive radiometric tumors diagnosis of the musculoskeletal system using a new diagnostic technology – an active resonance radiometry. An active radiometry allows you to record ultra-weak electromagnetic radiation of tissues 1000 MHz when sensing radiation frequency of 65 GHz and reflects the state of the vascular permeability and the activity of transcapillary exchange of water. The study shows the possibility of identification and differentiation of tumors of the musculoskeletal system on the basis of the analysis of the intensity of transcapillary exchange in tissues by means of an active radiometry.
Compression anastomotic device
Authors: Власов  , Vlasov A.
Published: July 2015

The purpose of this study is to develop and clinical use the new technology of forming a circular compression seam for improvement the surgical results. Materials and methods. The author has proposed a new device – compression anastomotic device (RF patent № 110246). This is device simple, comfortable and reliable. The compression force is created by means of the special steel spring. Compression anastomotic device has 3 types of diameters: 28, 31 and 33 mm, this allows to using them at different diameters anastomosing bodies and throughout the colon. Results. The CAD has been applied in clinical practice in 71 resections for colon cancer: 20 right-sided hemicolectomy, 5 resections of the transverse colon, 12 left-sided hemicolectomy, 17 resection of the sigmoid colon, 6 subtotal colectomy and 11 anterior resections. There were no anastomotic complications. Conclusion. The author has created original device for forming a compression colonic anastomoses and implemented new technology into clinical practice, it helps to prevent the development of postoperative complications.
Link compression fractures of the thoracic spine syndrome and connective tissue dysplasia with changes in the electrocardiogram in children
Authors: Соболенкова  , Sobolenkova V. , Федоров  , Fedorov S.
Published: July 2015

Syndrome connective tissue dysplasia most often in children is manifested by changes in the musculoskeletal system, including bone fractures. The high incidence of cardiac dysfunction is observed in this syndrome, as well as in the pathology of the thoracic spine. In this study, 79.9% of children with compression fractures of the spine had symptoms of connective tissue dysplasia, the most striking manifestations were presented by hyper-mobility of the joints, thinning and high elasticity of the skin, deformities of the lower extremities (p=0.01). These patients were significantly more frequent overgrowth, diseases of respiratory system and otolaryngology. These children (33.9%) had engaged in physical culture at school in full. The children with connective tissue dysplasia (35.1%) were engaged in sports sections, according to the survey, these sections are gymnastics, soccer, dance (r=0,01). In this group there were injuries on the lessons of physical culture and sports twice as often. The analysis of the ECG in these patients allowed the authors to reliably detect increased activity of the left ventricle syndrome and early repolarization of the ventricles (p=0.01). Currently, the latter phenomenon is of great interest in the study because it is considered as a predictor of ventricular and supra-ventricular arrhythmias.