bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neurosarcoidosis: Clinical, biological, and MRI presentation of central nervous system disease in a national multicenter cohort
Authors: Dos santos Amélie , Courtin Edouard , Ruet Aurélie , Duffau Pierre , Mathey Guillaume , Bekkour Ines , Ciron Jonathan , Michel Laure , Blanc François Xavier , Aguilar Jésus , Lejeune Pascal , Marc Guillaume , Laplaud David , Magot Armelle , Hamidou Mohamed , Wiertlewski Sandrine
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Neurosarcoidosis (NS) is a systemic inflammatory granulomatous disease affecting of patients with sarcoidosis. Its diagnosis is difficult as there is no specific test for it. Because of its rarity, the management of NS has so far only been described in case series and short retrospective cohorts. The objective of this study is description of the clinical, paraclinical presentation and the therapeutic management of central nervous system (CNS) involvement in NS patients in France.

Methods

This multicenter, retrospective, observational study involved patients hospitalized between 2010 and 2019 with a diagnosis of sarcoidosis and CNS involvement.

Results

We included 118 patients (38 with isolated NS, 80 with NS associated with systemic sarcoidosis). NS was the initial presentation in 78% of patients, with cranial nerve involvement (36%), medullary symptoms (23%), and seizures (21%). Twenty‐one percent of the patients had already been diagnosed with systemic sarcoidosis. The most frequent biological abnormality was lymphopenia (62.5%), while angiotensin‐converting enzyme was increased in 21%. Meningitis was present in 45% and hyperproteinorachia in 69.5% of cases. MRI mainly revealed white matter abnormalities and leptomeningeal enhancement (34%). Corticosteroids were the most useful treatment, and immunosuppressive agents were used in steroid‐resistant patients and to limit side effects. Methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, and anti‐TNFα were also used, exhibiting good efficacy.

Conclusions

This cohort contributes to a better understanding of the clinical phenotype and associated imaging and biological abnormalities. Sharing of clinical, biological, and imaging data, as well as the therapeutic responses, of patients with NS helps to better understand and manage this disease that affects a small number of patients per center. A database project could be implemented in the future to enable this.
Efficacy and safety of the VASCADE® MVP venous vascular closure device in patients undergoing percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion with WATCHMAN
Authors: Golzarian Hafez , Graebel Katherine T. , Bailey Rachel , Widmer Michael B. , Thiel Arielle , Hempfling Gerri , Otto Michael , Otto Todd , Patel Sandeep M.
Published: September 2024

Background

The VASCADE MVP venous vascular closure system is commonly used for percutaneous venotomy closure in catheter‐based procedures utilizing sheath sizes 6‐12 French. However, its application with larger sheaths such as ones required in left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) has yet to be explored.

Aims

This study compared the efficacy and safety of VASCADE MVP versus conventional Figure‐of‐8 sutures (Fo8) for femoral venotomy closure in patients undergoing Watchman LAAO.

Methods

This single‐center retrospective analysis included patients who underwent post‐LAAO femoral venotomy closure with either VASCADE MVP or Fo8 sutures. The primary efficacy endpoint was time to hemostasis (TTH). Primary safety endpoints were 30‐day access site‐related readmissions and major complications. Minor access‐site‐related complications were also assessed.

Results

107 patients underwent post‐LAAO femoral venotomy closure with VASCADE MVP, of which 101 were successful (94.4%). 99 patients underwent conventional closure with Fo8 sutures and supplemental manual pressure. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. TTH was significantly shorter with VASCADE MVP (152.9 vs. 335.8 s, p = 0.001). Major safety outcomes were comparable. However, the conventional group experienced a higher incidence of ecchymosis (16.2% vs 4.7%, p = 0.007) and 30‐day all‐cause readmission (18.2% vs 8.4%, p = 0.038).

Conclusions

VASCADE MVP significantly reduced TTH compared to Fo8 sutures after LAAO. While demonstrating a similar safety profile, VASCADE MVP may offer a more efficient approach to femoral vein closure in this patient population.
The role of intra‐vascular imaging in patients undergoing intravascular lithotripsy: Insights from the COIL registry
Authors: Bawamia Bilal , Kuzemczak Michał , Lipiecki Janusz , Legutko Jacek , Bennett Johan , Dens Joseph , Alkhalil Mohammad
Published: September 2024

Background

The role of intra‐coronary imaging in patients with stent failure undergoing intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) is unclear. We aimed to assess clinical outcomes in patients undergoing IVL treatment for stent failure stratified according to the use of intra‐coronary imaging and lesion complexity.

Methods

This is a pre‐specified subgroup analysis of patients who were included in the coronary intravascular lithotripsy in patients with stent failure (COIL) registry (international multi‐centre study assessing IVL treatment for stent failure in 6 European centres). A complex lesion was defined if IVL treatment was used in the left main, true bifurcation, long lesion, or coupled with athero‐ablative therapy. The primary endpoint was the composite of cardiac death, spontaneous myocardial infarction, or target vessel revascularization (TVR) at 12 months.

Results

There were 102 patients analyzed, of whom 27 (26%) patients had complex anatomy. The use of intra‐coronary imaging following IVL in stent failure was more frequent in patients with complex versus Noncomplex anatomy (56% vs. 31%, p = 0.022). IVL treatment was effective in both groups, however, patients with complex anatomy had worse clinical outcomes (30% vs. 11%, p = 0.02), driven by a higher rate of TVR (26% vs. 8%, p = 0.017). In the complex group, patients who underwent intracoronary imaging post intervention had lower event rate compared to those without imaging (13% vs. 50%, p = 0.038).

Conclusions

In patients undergoing IVL treatment for stent failure with complex coronary anatomy, the use of intra‐coronary imaging was associated with fewer adverse events compared to angiography guided intervention.
A study of case management challenge for black grain eumycetoma during the ongoing war in Sudan
Authors: Siddig Emmanuel Edwar , Aradaib Imadeldin E. , Ahmed Ayman
Published: September 2024

Key Clinical Message

This case highlights the significant challenges in the diagnosis and management of eumycetoma, particularly in regions like Sudan, where socioeconomic factors and ongoing conflict severely impact patient care. Delayed diagnosis and inadequate access to effective treatment can lead to poor adherence to prescribed therapies, prompting patients to resort to unproven self‐treatment methods. Comprehensive, multidisciplinary approaches that include education, improved accessibility to care, and addressing the impact of social determinants on health are essential to enhance the management of mycetoma, reduce disability rates, and improve patient outcomes in underserved communities.

Mycetoma is a chronic and debilitating infectious disease characterized by localized swellings and granulomatous lesions. It primarily affects individuals in tropical and subtropical regions and is caused by certain fungi or bacteria. This case report outlines the presentation, diagnosis, and management of a 37‐year‐old male from central Sudan with black grain eumycetoma, a challenging condition. The patient presented with recurring painless swelling in his right foot, which progressed over 5 years to include sinuses discharging black grain‐like materials. Despite initial treatment with itraconazole and folic acid, the patient discontinued medication due to war‐induced hardships including financial and accessibility to treatment and healthcare guidance, resulting in resorting to none‐effective and potentially harmful herbal remedies. Multidisciplinary management involving dermatologists, infectious disease specialists, and pharmacists supported with community health workers for health education is essential for enforcing adherence to treatment and successful recovery.
Numerical Analysis Selecting Chemical Mechanism of Ammonia–Hydrogen Mixture Laminar Burning Velocity by RMSE
Authors: Lu Yu Ying , Li Xinyang , Meir Herbert Une , Yang Guang Yu , Fan Yu Shuan , Cheng Way Lee , Chai Wai Siong
Published: September 2024

This study employs Cantera code to investigate the laminar burning velocity of different ammonia–hydrogen mixtures. Suitable models were selected from recent literature, and the one with the lowest root mean square error (RMSE) against experimental data was identified through the error function method. Bao mechanism shows an RMSE value of 4.71 at atmospheric pressure for ammonia–hydrogen mixtures, while the Otomo mechanism exhibits an RMSE of 2.11 under high‐pressure conditions. Additionally, sensitivity analysis was conducted to highlight critical reactions within each mechanism, emphasizing distinctions between different pressures. This approach aims to choose the proper mechanism to reduce computational and experimental costs in the early stages of ammonia–hydrogen research.
The Omega‐6 Lipid pathway shift is associated with neutrophil influx and structural lung damage in early cystic fibrosis lung disease
Authors: Slimmen Lisa JM , Broos Jelle Y , Manaï Badies HAN , Estevão Silvia C , Giera Martin , Kooij Gijs , Unger Wendy WJ , Janssens Hettie M
Published: September 2024

Objectives

In cystic fibrosis (CF), an imbalanced lipid metabolism is associated with lung inflammation. Little is known about the role that specific lipid mediators (LMs) exert in CF lung inflammation, and whether their levels change during early disease progression. Therefore, we measured airway LM profiles of young CF patients, correlating these with disease‐associated parameters.

Methods

Levels of omega (ω)‐3/6 PUFAs and their LM derivatives were determined in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of children with CF ages 1–5 using a targeted high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry approach. Hierarchical clustering analysis was performed on relative LM levels. Individual relative LM levels were correlated with neutrophilic inflammation (BALF %Neu) and structural lung damage (PRAGMA‐CF %Disease). Significant correlations were included in a backward multivariate linear regression model to identify the LMs that are best related to disease progression.

Results

A total of 65 BALF samples were analysed for ω‐3/6 lipid content. LM profiles clustered into an arachidonic acid (AA)‐enriched and a linoleic acid (LA)‐enriched sample cluster. AA derivatives like 17‐OH‐DH‐HETE, 5‐HETE, 5,15‐diHETE, 15‐HETE, 15‐KETE, LTB4 and 6‐trans‐LTB4 positively correlated with BALF %Neu and/or PRAGMA %Dis. Contrastingly, 9‐HoTrE and the LA derivatives 9‐HoDE, 9(10)‐EpOME, 9(10)‐DiHOME, 13‐HoDE, 13‐oxoODE and 12(13)‐EpOME negatively correlated with BALF %Neu and/or PRAGMA %Dis. 6‐trans‐LTB4 was the strongest predictor for BALF %Neu. 5‐HETE and 15‐KETE contributed most to PRAGMA %Dis prediction.

Conclusions

Our data provide more insight into the lung lipidome of infants with CF, and show that a shift from LA derivatives to AA derivatives in BALF associates with early CF lung disease progression.
Bayesian Individual Limits for IGF‐1 Monitoring in Equine Plasma: Implementation in the Equine Biological Passport
Authors: Barnabé Agnès , Loup Benoit , Cawley Adam , Delcourt Vivian , Garcia Patrice , Popot Marie‐Agnès , Keledjian John , Bailly‐Chouriberry Ludovic
Published: September 2024

Despite the International Federation of Horseracing Authorities (IFHA) regulation associated with heavy sanctions, the abuse of prohibited substances must be identified and deterred throughout horses' athletic careers, such as the administration of recombinant growth hormone (rGH). GH is naturally produced in mammal organisms to stimulate growth. Thus, rGH administration can enhance the performance of horses by expanding some physical abilities. As measuring endogenous GH levels is complex, an indirect strategy is to monitor GH‐associated biomarkers in plasma as insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) levels. To prevent these misuses, the Equine Biological Passport (EBP) has been designed in France (GIE LCH) and Australia (ARFL‐Racing NSW) to profile specific biological and chemical parameters in selected racehorses. In this study, we investigated individual limits as a complementary tool to a single limit to supervise the stability of IGF‐1 profile over a racing season. The aim is to design custom limits based on the horse's history to detect any deviation below the single limit. The method was assessed using experimental data and then tested on EBP data from three thoroughbreds and three French trotters. Finally, individual limits have been added to the French EBP for IGF‐1 monitoring.
Rapid Analytical Method for Quantification of Gamma‐Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) in Hair by UPLC‐MS/MS
Authors: Blanco‐Ces Miriam , de‐Castro‐Rios Ana , Lopez‐Rabuñal Angela , Cobo‐Golpe Maria , Cruz Angelines , Lendoiro Elena
Published: September 2024

Gamma‐hydroxybutyrate (GHB), an endogenous compound related to the neurotransmitter gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), is used as a therapeutic and recreational drug and as a “weapon” in drug‐facilitated crimes. The very short window of detection of GHB in conventional matrices (blood and urine) makes necessary the use of alternative matrices like hair. Hair has a long window of detection and the possibility to perform segmental analysis, which makes it very useful for proving GHB intake. In the present work, a method for quantification of GHB in hair was developed and validated. Hair (10 mg) was washed twice with dichloromethane and then incubated at room temperature with Milli‐Q water in an ultrasound bath for 30 min. Analysis was performed by UPLC‐MS/MS using a CORTECS UPLC HILIC (1.6 μm), 2.1 × 100‐mm column, and a gradient with acetonitrile and ammonium acetate (10 mM) at pH 6.0, with a total run‐time of 10 min. For detection, a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in ESI negative mode was used. The method was validated, following the criteria established in the “AAFS Standard Practices for Method Validation in Forensic Toxicology” guideline, obtaining satisfactory results for linearity (0.5–50 ng/mg), accuracy (95.0%–103.2%), imprecision (< 10.2%), limit of detection (0.1 ng/mg) and quantification (0.5 ng/mg), exogenous selectivity (no interferences), matrix effect (less than −44.2%), extraction efficiency (> 86.4%), process efficiency (> 46.1%), and autosampler stability (< 4.3%). The method was used for the analysis of 26 authentic hair samples, 25 from non–drug users, obtaining values between < LOQ and 6.25 ng/mg of endogenous GHB and 1 from a former GHB chronic user to prove abstinence.
Fabrication of Hierarchically Porous “Fish Cage”‐like Carbonaceous Nanomaterials via Soft Template‐assisted Strategy for Cr Removal: Accelerated Stepped Adsorption and Enhanced Coordination Effect
Authors: Li Yan , Huang Yang , Pan Zhong , Ni Jiancong , Yang Weiqiang , Zhang Ying , Li Jianmin , Chen Xingmei , Yuan Xiao , Li Chunmei
Published: September 2024

The negative impact of heavy metal pollution, specifically chromium (VI), on human health is well‐documented. To solve this issue, hollow anisotropic hierarchically porous “Fish Cage”‐like carbonaceous nanomaterial (N,S‐HFC‐180) with multi‐active groups is synthesized. Hierarchically porous structure provides stepped adsorption effect. The addition of K2C2O4 leads to an increase in the specific surface area of N,S‐HFC‐180 to 1914.21 m2 g−1 (an increase of ~552 times compared to HFC‐180). Thiourea introduces multi‐active groups that act as “Barbs” in “Fish Cage”, further reducing Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and sequestrating Cr(III) by coordination effect. Subsequent batch studies suggest that N,S‐HFC‐180 exhibits a high removal capacity of 164.29 mg g−1 for Cr(VI) at pH=2. The kinetics and isotherm analyses display an outstanding maximum adsorption capacity of 393.88 mg g−1 at 298 K. In addition, even after seven cycles, the removal rate of Cr(VI) using N,S‐HFC‐180 remains>85.00 %, and it effectively reduces the concentration of electroplating wastewater from 55.82 to 0.14 mg L−1. Pore filling, chemical reduction and chelation, hydrogen bond and electrostatic attraction are the primary adsorption drivers. The results suggest that, the recoverable N,S‐HFC‐180 highlights its viability for practical applications in wastewater treatment processes.
Hurricane Katrina survivor now helps NYC students deal with emergencies
Authors: Elfman Lois
Published: September 2024

Dr. Rhonda Mouton, Director of LaGuardia College Access for Retention and Economic Success (CARES) at LaGuardia Community College (part of the City University of New York), knows what it feels like to have housing uncertainty. In 2005, she and her family fled New Orleans just prior to Hurricane Katrina. She lost her home and her daycare business and had to begin anew not just for her and her daughter but for her extended family.
Life's Essential 8, genetic susceptibility, and risk of incident pancreatic cancer: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Wu Zhuo , Zeng Liangtang , Fang Zhou , Yuan Yuan , Zhou Yu , Chen Rufu
Published: September 2024

The association between the American Heart Association (AHA) Life's Essential 8 (LE8) and the risk of pancreatic cancer (PC) remains unclear. Our goal was to assess the relationships between LE8, genetic susceptibility, and PC risk. This cohort consisted of 234,102 participants from the UK Biobank. The components of LE8 include diet, nicotine exposure, sleep, physical activity, blood glucose, body mass index, blood lipids, and blood pressure. LE8 is classified into three categories: low cardiovascular health (CVH), moderate CVH, and high CVH. Measurements were made using Cox proportional risk models to estimate impact of associations between LE8, genetic susceptibility, and incidence of PC in participants. Compared to participants with low LE8 scores, those with moderate and high LE8 scores had a 53% (HR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.39–0.57) and 70% (HR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.22–0.41) lower risk of developing PC, respectively. Interestingly, among individuals with high genetic risk, high LE8 scores were associated with greater benefits (HR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.15–0.40), whereas the protective effect was weaker among those with low genetic risk (HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.21–0.75). Participants with a high LE8 score and a low polygenic risk score (PRS) had the lowest risk of PC (HR, 0.19; 95% CI: 0.11–0.33). Furthermore, we observed a significant additive interaction between LE8 and PRS. A higher LE8 score is associated with a lower risk of PC, especially for participants with a high PRS. These findings have important implications for participants most genetically predisposed to PC and for targeted strategies for PC prevention.
Type B pigmentary demarcation lines in pregnancy
Authors: de Moraes‐Souza Rafaela , Arenal Matías Mayor , Vázquez Ana M. Carballido
Published: September 2024

Synopsis

Type B pigmentary demarcation lines is a benign and self‐limiting condition that can appear during pregnancy. Prompt recognition prevents unnecessary tests and treatments.
Extravascular lung water assessment by lung ultrasound in infants following pediatric cardiac surgery
Authors: Hubara Evyatar , Reynaud Stephanie , Gionfriddo Ashley , Runeckles Kyle , Mueller Brigitte , Floh Alejandro
Published: September 2024

Background

Lung edema is a significant factor in prolonged mechanical ventilation and extubation failure after cardiac surgery. This study assessed the predictive capability of point‐of‐care Lung Ultrasound (LUS) for the duration of mechanical ventilation and extubation failure in infants following cardiac procedures.

Methods

We conducted a prospective observational trial on infants under 1 year, excluding those with pre‐existing conditions or requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. LUS was performed upon intensive care unit (ICU) admission and prior to extubation attempts. B‐line density was scored by two independent observers. The primary outcomes included the duration of mechanical ventilation and extubation failure, the latter defined as the need for reintubation or non‐invasive ventilation within 48 h post‐extubation.

Results

The study included 42 infants, with findings indicating no correlation between initial LUS scores and extubation timing. Extubation failure occurred in 21% of the patients, with higher LUS scores observed in these cases (p = 0.046). However, interobserver variability was high, impacting the reliability of LUS scores to predict extubation readiness.

Conclusions

LUS was ineffective in determining the length of postoperative ventilation and extubation readiness, highlighting the need for further research and enhanced training in LUS interpretation.
A comparison of the effects of nifedipine and indomethacin used in preterm labor tocolytic treatment on feto‐maternal Doppler ultrasonography flow
Authors: Isenlik Bekir Sitki , Sayal Hasan Berkan , Kaygun Bilgesu Cetinel , Turk Merve , Inal Hasan Ali
Published: September 2024

Objective

To compare the effects of nifedipine and indomethacin, used for tocolytic purposes in the treatment of preterm labor (PTL), on fetal‐maternal Doppler blood flows and perinatal outcomes.

Materials and Methods

Eighty pregnant women between weeks 24 and 32 of gestation who used nifedipine (n = 40) and indomethacin (n = 40) as tocolytic treatments due to PTL were prospectively and consecutively included in the study. Sociodemographic, obstetric, and laboratory and Doppler flow parameters were compared between the groups.

Results

Statistically significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of gestational age at delivery and birth weight, Doppler flows (umbilical artery (UA) Pulsatility Index (PI), and UA Resistance Index (RI)) at 12, 24, and 48 h, middle cerebral artery RI at 12 h, and ductus venosus (DV) PI and DV‐RI at 12, 24, and 48 h (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The findings of this study showed that nifedipine and indomethacin used in the treatment of PTL had significant effects on UA‐PI and UA‐RI Doppler flows at 12, 24, and 24 h, MCA‐RI Doppler flows at 12 h, and DV‐PI and DV‐RI Doppler flows at 12, 24, and 48 h. Further studies involving larger numbers of participants are now needed to support these results.
Incarceration of the gravid uterus: Ultrasound diagnosis and pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Zhang Meixiang , Luo Yingchun , Liu Dongmei , Peng Yulin , Hou Liqiong
Published: September 2024

Background

This research aims to summarize the ultrasound features and pregnancy outcomes of incarceration of the gravid uterus (IGU), providing a basis for clinical management.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted on pregnant patients with IGU at Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital in China, spanning from September 30, 2016, to May 31, 2024. Data on maternal age, parity, medical history, risk factors, gestational age, clinical manifestations, ultrasound examination, treatment methods, time, and method for terminating pregnancy, and pregnancy outcomes were collected. We compared cases diagnosed before and after 20 gestational weeks.

Results

During the study period, 13 pregnant women were diagnosed with IGU, and 140 162 deliveries were recorded at our hospital. Two cases were referred from other hospitals and did not deliver in our hospital. Accordingly, the incidence of IGU was 0.08‰ (11/140, 162). The most prevalent risk factor for IGU was previous abdominal or pelvic surgery (61.54%, 8/13). Dysuria or even urinary retention was the primary symptom (38.46%, 5/13). Spontaneous resolution occurred in only one case (7.69%). All cases were detected using prenatal ultrasound examination with typical characteristics, including a retroverted uterus and the fundus located behind the cervix. No statistically significant differences between the two comparison groups were found in successful uterine reduction (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

The definition of IGU should include symptomatic cases of any gestational age. Despite a low prevalence of this pregnancy complication, the overall prognosis of IGU is good. In the absence of severe symptoms, regular monitoring may be an option. Typical ultrasound imaging features enable a definitive diagnosis of IGU.
Sonographic findings associated with complications in pediatric patients with septic arthritis
Authors: Hosokawa Takahiro , Sato Yumiko , Tanami Yutaka , Oguma Eiji
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Ultrasound is a valuable tool for diagnosing septic arthritis and guiding the development of treatment plans. This study aimed to identify sonographic findings associated with complications in septic arthritis.

Methods

Twelve patients aged <5 years diagnosed with septic arthritis were classified into two groups: those with and without complications. Complications were defined as the destruction of the epiphyseal bone head and metaphysis bone cortex. The following sonographic findings were compared between the two groups using Fisher's exact test: synovial membrane thickness, joint effusion, diminished hyperechoic foci within the epiphyseal bone head, and diminished smooth metaphyseal bone cortex.

Results

Overall, 4 of 12 patients developed complications. Joint effusion and synovial membrane thickening were detected in all patients with septic arthritis. The incidence of diminished hyperechoic foci within the epiphyseal bone head was significantly different between the two groups (presence/absence in patients with complications vs. without = 3/1 vs. 0/8, p = 0.018). The incidence of diminished smooth metaphyseal bone cortex was higher in patients with complications than in those without; however, this difference was not statistically significant (presence/absence in patients with complications vs. without = 4/0 vs. 3/5, p = 0.081).

Conclusion

Ultrasound proved to be an effective diagnostic tool for septic arthritis and also demonstrated its potential in predicting complications of septic arthritis in the pediatric population.
An analysis of direct‐to‐consumer genetic testing portals and their communication of health risk and test limitations
Authors: Lee Nicole M. , VanDyke Matthew S. , Abitbol Alan , Wallace Kaylynne , Meneses Christina
Published: September 2024

Direct‐to‐consumer (DTC) genetic testing has become incredibly popular for assessing health risk related to specific diseases. However, how this risk is conveyed and whether the limitations of the tests are fully communicated can impact how customers interpret results. Through a qualitative content analysis of three different DTC genetic testing online portals, we examine how companies communicate relative and absolute health risks, the extent to which limitations are communicated, and how this information is presented. Findings suggest that relative risk was more prominently communicated than absolute risk and that it was used to organize and prioritize results. Further, risk information was often communicated using statistical terms and concepts that may not be accessible to all users. Test limitations that were communicated included the inability to diagnose a disease, the importance of lifestyle factors, and that the tests do not account for all genetic variants. Although companies included this information, it was not visually prominent.
Environmental protection versus economic growth: Determinants of individual preference
Authors: Castro Andressa Porto , de Mattos Ely José
Published: September 2024

The choice between protecting the environment and accelerating economic growth is conditioned by factors pertaining to individual and to political and economic dimensions. This study aims to investigate how those factors influence the preference for environmental protection rather than for economic growth. The findings obtained suggest that a favourable political and economic environment increases the chance of choosing environmental protection. The populations of countries with a higher GDP per capita and a well‐established democratic regime are more likely to protect the environment. Likewise, women, young people and more educated people are the demographic groups most likely to choose environmental protection.
The Ovary Structure in Terrestrial Parasitengona Mites: The Case of Trombidiidae (Acariformes: Parasitengona)
Authors: Derdak Anna , Jędrzejowska Izabela , Mąkol Joanna
Published: September 2024

Species of mites (Chelicerata: Arachnida) show a great variety of structures of the female gonads. In both evolutionary lines, Acariformes and Parasitiformes, the panoistic ovary, in which all germline cysts differentiate into oocytes, and the meroistic ovary, in which the oocytes grow supported by the nurse cells, have been documented. A less pronounced variation in the gonad structure could be expected at lower systematic levels, hence, we ask about the degree of differences within the family that is subordinate to Acariformes and represents the cohort Parasitengona. Based on the members of Trombidiidae (Acariformes: Trombidiformes, Parasitengona, Trombidioidea), we test the hypothesis that the general ovary type is constant at the family level. Our previous research on the female gonad in Allothrombium fuliginosum revealed that the meroistic ovary occurs in these mites. Here, we proceed with a detailed insight into the ovary structure in A. fuliginosum and examine the structure of the female gonad in other members of Trombidiidae, focusing on the following representatives of its nominotypical genus Trombidium: Trombidium brevimanum, Trombidium holosericeum, Trombidium heterotrichum, and Trombidium latum. For all species, studied with light, fluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy, we could confirm the presence of the meroistic ovary that is highly similar with respect to general architecture. The germline cysts show similarities in general morphology and the mode of germline cell differentiation; they consist of a few nurse cells and one oocyte. The connection between the nurse cells and oocytes is maintained by trophic cords that serve for the transport of organelles and macromolecules. Our results confirm the constancy of the structure of the female gonad at the intrageneric level and provide further support for the hypothesis on the lack of differences at the intrafamily level.
Capsule release surgery temporarily reduces contracture in a rat elbow model of arthrofibrosis
Authors: Scholp Austin J. , Jensen Jordan A. , Fowler Timothy P. , Petersen Emily , Fredericks Douglas , Salem Aliasger K. , Seol Dongrim , Coleman Mitchell , Lake Spencer P. , Martin James A. , Sander Edward A.
Published: September 2024

Elbow trauma can lead to joint contracture and reduced range of motion (ROM). Nonsurgical interventions can improve ROM, but in some cases capsule release surgery is required. Although surgery can improve ROM, it often does not restore full ROM. Thus, alternatives are needed. One approach is to target activated myofibroblasts, which are commonly associated with fibrotic tissue. Mechanical and biochemical cues drive a feedback loop that can result in normal or pathological healing. We hypothesize that this feedback loop exists in joint contracture and can be manipulated so that myofibroblast activity is reduced, normal healing is achieved, and ROM is improved. We previously demonstrated that blebbistatin can inhibit myofibroblast contractile forces and reduce collagen synthesis in vitro. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the use of blebbistatin in an animal model of elbow contracture, which was induced in 7 groups of 4 rats each (n = 28). All elbows were mechanically and histologically tested. The uninjured contralateral elbows of each rat were used as a control group. Capsule release surgery significantly improved (p < 0.01) outcomes 1 week after surgery compared to injury alone and was not significantly different from uninjured elbows. Three weeks after surgery, outcomes worsened, indicating joint stiffening consistent with what is observed clinically. The addition of blebbistatin did not significantly improve outcomes. Future work will investigate relationships among treatment, fibrotic tissue deposition, myofibroblast activity, and biomechanics to determine if blebbistatin is a useful adjunctive therapy for treating joint contracture.
Evaluation of biocompatibility and osseointegration of multi‐component TiAl6V4 titanium alloy implants
Authors: Jacobs Zaina , Schipani Rossana , Pastrama Maria , Ahmadi Seyed Mohammad , Sajadi Banafsheh
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to investigate the biocompatibility and osseointegration of novel titanium (Ti) implants with a perforated part with high surface roughness (Ra >4 μm) and a smooth solid part (test group), as compared to smooth solid Ti implants (control group; Ra < 0.8 μm). Test and control implants were implanted in rabbit femurs. After 4 and 15 weeks, host tissue reaction and quality of tissue formed were evaluated with histopathology, while micro‐CT scans were used to quantitatively assess bone–implant contact (BIC), surrounding bone formation, and bone ingrowth.

After 4 and 15 weeks, minimal host reaction was found in the test group. Histopathological analysis showed new bone formation around the implants in both the test and control groups after 4 weeks. Furthermore, additional bone growth was often observed within the holes of the test implants. After 15 weeks, the test implants showed high bone ingrowth and the presence of mature bone in direct contact with the implant surface, whereas, bone ingrowth was poorer for the control group with 30% of the control implants, showing larger gaps at the bone–implant interface. Quantitative micro‐CT analysis revealed comparable BIC and bone formation in both groups at 4 weeks, but higher BIC and more bone formation in the test group than in the control group after 15 weeks. No significant differences were observed in any of the analyses. In conclusion, partially perforated, high‐roughness Ti implants showed excellent osseointegration and minimal host reaction, indicating their potential for orthopedic applications in bone repair and regeneration.
Medical researchers' perception of sharing of metadata from case report forms
Authors: Meidt Alexandra , Walter Carolin , Lehmann Christoph U. , Dugas Martin
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Publishing medical metadata stored in case report forms (CRFs) is a prerequisite for the development of a learning health system (LHS) by fostering reuse of metadata and standardization in health research. The aim of our study was to investigate medical researchers' (MRs) willingness to share CRFs, to identify reasons for and against CRF sharing, and to determine if and under which conditions MRs might consider sharing CRF metadata via a public registry.

Methods

We examined CRF data sharing commitments for 1842 interventional trials registered on the German Clinical Trials Registry (DRKS) from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021. We invited 1360 individuals registered as contacts on DRKS to participate in a web‐based survey between May 10, 2022, and June 30, 2022.

Results

Only 0.3% (5/1842) of data sharing commitments in DRKS included a plan to share blank CRFs. Survey results showed high support for CRF sharing. More than 70% of respondents (223/301) were willing to share their CRFs, and 83.7% (252/301) were interested in CRF reuse. The most frequently reported reason for CRF sharing was improvement of comparability and interpretability of patient data (244/301; 81.0%). The most frequently reported reason against CRF sharing was missing approval by the sponsor (160/301; 53.2%). Researchers conducting commercial trials were significantly less likely to share CRFs than those conducting noncommercial trials (63.3% vs. 76.2%, OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.32–0.92) and they were less likely to reuse CRFs (78.5% vs. 84.6%, OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.35–1.24). The most frequently mentioned prerequisite for publication of CRFs in a public registry was its trustworthiness (244/301, 81.1%).

Conclusion

Data sharing commitments in DRKS revealed a low awareness of CRF sharing. Survey results showed generally strong support for CRF sharing, including the willingness to publish CRFs in a public registry, although legal and practical barriers were identified.
Anti‐synthetase syndrome complicated by multifocal tuberculosis: A thought‐provoking differential diagnosis with tumors
Authors: Dai Chang , Jiang Yu , Lin Weidong , Chen Yuhan , Liu Fangzhou , Deng Hai , Chen Yanlin , Chen Haowei , Wang Jieying , Lei Yunxia , Wu Shulin , Xue Yumei
Published: September 2024

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which mainly affects the lungs but can also invade other systems, presents a diagnostic challenge when co‐existing with autoimmune disease. We report a case of 31‐year‐old Asian woman with anti‐synthetase syndrome who developed abdominal and subcutaneous lumps during treatment, along with elevated tumor markers, raising suspicion of malignancy. Pathological examination revealed M. tuberculosis infection, changing the diagnosis to multifocal extrapulmonary tuberculosis. This case highlights the need for prompt and detailed evaluations, and the importance of broad differential diagnosis.
Prognostic significance of ratio of positive lymph nodes in patients with operable major salivary ductal carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Di , Li Lixi
Published: September 2024

Background

Major salivary duct carcinomas (MSDCs) often involve the regional lymph nodes (LNs). However, the clinical value of LN parameters in patients with MSDCs is unclear. We aimed to investigate the optimal cut‐off points for number of positive LNs (PLNN) and ratio of positive LNs (PLNRs) and their prognostic value in patients with MSDC.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed relevant data extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database on patients with MSDC who had undergone surgery between 2004 and 2016. The optimal PLNN and positive lymph node ratio (PLNR) cut‐off points were identified using the X‐tile program. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses were performed to determine prognostic factors.

Results

Overall, 290 patients were enrolled, 57.6% of whom had LN metastases. Advanced T stage in the submandibular gland and unpaired lesions were associated with LN involvement. Positive LNs, late T stage, and submandibular gland location were associated with poor overall survival (OS). The 5‐year OS rates of patients with negative and positive LNs were 74.3% and 36.5%, respectively. PLNN > 16 and PLNR > 0.48 were the best cut‐off points. The 5‐year OS of patients with PLNN ≤ 16 and PLNN > 16 was 42.8% and 15.4%, respectively. The 5‐year OS rates were 46.8% for patients with PLNR ≤ 0.48 and 26.3% for patients with PLNR > 0.48. PLNR was a strong prognostic factor for patients with MSDC with LN metastases.

Conclusions

PLNR reflects both the effects of LN dissection and PLNN. Furthermore, its prognostic value in patients with MSDC exceeds that of PLNN. Patients with high PLNRs should be followed closely after surgery.
Oral microbiome in human health and diseases
Authors: Tian Siqi , Ding Tao , Li Hui
Published: September 2024

The oral cavity contains the second‐largest microbiota in the human body. The cavity's anatomically and physiologically diverse niches facilitate a wide range of symbiotic bacteria living at distinct oral sites. Consequently, the oral microbiota exhibits site specificity, with diverse species, compositions, and structures influenced by specific aspects of their placement. Variations in oral microbiota structure caused by changes in these influencing factors can impact overall health and lead to the development of diseases—not only in the oral cavity but also in organs distal to the mouth—such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disease. Conversely, diseases can exacerbate the imbalance of the oral microbiota, creating a vicious cycle. Understanding the heterogeneity of both the oral microbiome and individual humans is important for investigating the causal links between the oral microbiome and diseases. Additionally, understanding the intricacies of the oral microbiome's composition and regulatory factors will help identify the potential causes of related diseases and develop interventions to prevent and treat illnesses in this domain. Therefore, turning to the extant research in this field, we systematically review the relationship between oral microbiome dynamics and human diseases.
Perchlorate‐tolerant bacterial strains isolated from the Mars‐analog Qaidam Basin soils exposed to Earth's near space
Authors: Liu Li , Kang Mengling , Wang Zhe , Shen Jianxun , Pan Yongxin , Lin Wei
Published: September 2024

Impact statement

Earth's lower near space of 20–40 km above sea level with polyextreme conditions serves as a unique Mars analog for astrobiological research to investigate the limits of life on Earth and planetary protection considerations for Mars exploration. In this study, we exposed Mars‐like desert regolith to near space at a float altitude of ~35 km and isolated four bacterial strains after exposure. In addition to stress tolerance to extreme environmental stressors, these strains represent a remarkable tolerance to perchlorate that is widespread in present‐day Martian soils. These extremophilic bacterial strains screened through near‐space exposure could serve as promising candidates for future astrobiological research in space stations or in laboratory‐based planetary simulation environments.
Display Metrology Plays Vital Role in Display Ecosystem
Authors: Fiske Tom
Published: September 2024

Display metrology course educates and informs as Display Week showcases advances in standards, instrumentation, and applications in display measurement.
Synthesis of human isotopic data (8000–5000 BP) reveals subsistence strategies and social complexity at the southeast edge of the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Lei Sha , Hu Yaowu
Published: September 2024

The southeast edge of the Loess Plateau (SELP) is a crucial area for studying subsistence strategies and social complexity in prehistoric China. Currently, no systematic isotopic study has been conducted to reveal shifts in subsistence strategies and their link to the trajectory of social complexity. This paper compiles previously published isotopic data from human and fauna bones at 24 sites dating from 8000 to 5000 BP, aiming to uncover diachronic changes in subsistence strategies and their relationship with social complexity. The results indicate a gradual increase in millet consumption by humans and an increasing utilization of millet‐based byproducts as feed for domestic animals (pigs and dogs) over time. The isotopic data of humans and animals demonstrate the establishment of millet agriculture during the Early Yangshao period (7000–6000 BP). Millet agriculture creates a crucial material foundation for population growth and cultural prosperity. Two modes of millet cultivation, intensive and extensive, are proposed to explain the continuous development of millet agriculture since the Early Yangshao period. Finally, significant dietary heterogeneity among the human population during the Late Yangshao period strongly suggests the emergence of social differentiation and complexity, supported by other archaeological evidence such as settlement hierarchies and the presence of exquisite objects in burials.
Effects of varying mixing ratios of components A and B on optical liquid silicone rubber
Authors: Mayer Dennis , Heienbrock Simon J. , Weißer Dennis F. , Deckert Matthias H.
Published: September 2024

The processing of optical liquid silicone rubber (LSR) formulations is associated with significant quality issues and high rejection rates. Often, the quality issues can be attributed to deviations in LSR dosing. To address these issues, specific mixing ratios of components A and B that deviate from the standard 1:1 ratio were intentionally created. These mixtures were characterized via differential scanning calorimetry, rheometer, and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. The mixtures were then processed via injection molding and mechanical properties such as shrinkage, density, hardness, and tensile properties were determined and analyzed. The results show that deviating mixing ratios for optical LSR have a significant influence on processing in terms of shifts in cross‐linking temperature and exothermic energy released, viscosity, and cavity pressure, as well as on the final component properties in terms of varying shrinkage, density, hardness, tensile strength, and elongation at break. This study shows that even small deviations have a major influence and should therefore be avoided. The requirements for the accuracy of the dosing system with regard to the mixing ratio must therefore be very high. In practice, such deviations in the mixing ratios are most likely to be detected in geometry via shrinkage, hardness, or tensile properties.

Highlights

More component A leads to faster but less dense cross‐linking

Component B can be characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy via Si–H bending band at 905 cm−1.

More component B leads to higher shrinkage, density, hardness, and strength.

Deviations in the mixing ratio must be avoided as they lead to drastic changes.

A general shift of the mixing ratio in favor of component B is less dramatic.
Development of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS)/natural fiber composite filaments for innovative 3D and 4D printing
Authors: Agrawal Pankaj , Lima Priscila de Andrade , da Cunha Rafael Braga , Cavalcanti Shirley Nóbrega , Filho Válmer Azevedo de Sousa , Bonfim Ryan Lucas Pereira , Brito Gustavo de Figueiredo , Cunha Carlos Thiago Candido , de Mélo Tomás Jeferson Alves
Published: September 2024

Fruit wastes from the agro‐industry may be used in the preparation of polymer/natural fiber composites. In the current scenario, there is a growing need for sustainable materials that can reduce environmental impact while maintaining or enhancing material properties. One promising approach is the incorporation of natural fibers derived from fruit waste into polymers, which aligns with the global push toward eco‐friendly and circular economy solutions. This work was aimed at the development of filaments of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS)/natural fiber composites for 3D and 4D printing. The fibers used were banana (BAN) peel, orange (ORG) peel, cinnamon (CIN), and neem (NEEM) leaf fibers. The rheological, mechanical, and shape memory properties of the ABS/BAN and ABS/ORG composites were compared with those of the ABS/CIN and ABS/NEEM composites. A slight decrease in viscosity was observed with the addition of the natural fibers to ABS. The ABS/ORG composites showed the highest mechanical properties and good adhesion between the printed layers. The particulate eco‐friendly natural fibers can also be used as pigments, where different types of colors can be obtained. The ABS/natural fiber composites can be processed at the same processing conditions as ABS. The incorporation of natural fibers significantly increased the shape memory result. The use of ABS/natural fiber composites proved to be feasible for preparing the filaments and 3D/4D printing of objects.

Highlights

The properties of 3D/4D‐printed ABS/natural fiber composites were investigated.

Banana and orange peel, cinnamon, and neem leaf fibers were used.

Filaments of ABS/natural fiber composites were successfully obtained.

The addition of the fibers to ABS decreased the viscosity and increased shape memory.

Among the composites, ABS/orange peel showed the highest mechanical properties.