bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
USE OF NEW COMPOUNDS OF THE QUINOLINE SERIES AS EFFECTIVE STIMULANTS OF GROWTH PROCESSES
Authors: VOSTRIKOVA Tatiana V. , KALAEV Vladislav N. , POTAPOV Andrey Yu. , POTAPOV MICHAIL A. , SHIKHALIEV Khidmet S.
Published: August 2021

The results of a study of the action of compounds of the general formula: 1-alkyl-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-aminocarbothioyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline and 1-alkyl-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-aminocarbothioyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline are presented. The most effective growth stimulants from compounds of the series 1-alkyl-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-aminocarbothioyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline and 1-alkyl-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-aminocarbothioyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline for yellow rhododendron (Rhododendron luteum) and Ledebur rhododendron (Rhododendron ledebourii) were revealed. Rhododendron seedlings were counted to study laboratory germination and planted in crates in closed ground on 21 days after the start of the experiment. It was established that the synthesized chemicals cause stimulation of the growth of species of the genus Rhododendron in comparison with existing commercial preparations. The efficiency of using solutions of compounds of the series 1-alkyl-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-aminocarbothioyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline and 1-alkyl-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-aminocarbothioyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline and their concentrations. A method of using compounds of this series as growth stimulants is disclosed, which allows increasing seed germination of species of the genus Rhododendron from 20 to 50%, increasing the height of Rhododendron luteum seedlings from 18 to 63%, and Rhododendron ledebourii from 33 to 183 %. Dihydroquinolines are most effective for species of the genus Rhododendron. Compounds containing a dihydro-6-quinolinyl substituent stimulate the growth of these plants. The specificity of the action of growth stimulants is noted. The expediency of using quinoline series compounds for the production of planting material of ornamental plants for landscaping is shown. It is suggested the auxin activity of compounds of the general formula: 1-alkyl-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-aminocarbothioyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline and 1-alkyl-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-aminocarbothioyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline. It is assumed that compounds of the series 1-alkyl-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-aminocarbothioyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline and 1-alkyl-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-aminocarbothioyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline may have the stressprotective activity for species of the genus Rhododendron. The materials of the article are of practical value forbiologists, ecologists, plant growers.
GROWING OF VIRUS-FREE POTATO SEED TUBERS IN THE AEROPONIC PLANT
Authors: ISMAGILOV Rafael , ASYLBAEV Ilgiz , URAZBAKHTINA Nuriya , ANDRIYANOV Denis , AVSAKHOV Firdavis
Published: August 2021

Throughout the world, potatoes, as a food crop, are very important. One of the main reasons for the poor quality of planting material, yield and potatoes themselves are viral infections. The use of virus-free seed material is one of the high-potential ways to increase the yield and efficiency of potato production. Aeroponics is a promising direction in obtaining a virus-protected crop. This study aimed to assess the potential and improve the technology for growing healthy mini-tubers of potatoes using the aeroponic method, which is a safe and economical method. Compared to the usual method of growing crops, aeroponics assumes lower water and energy costs per unit of production, as well as excludes soil diseases of the plant and does not allow damage to the tuber caused by pests. For growing different varieties of crops in different regions, artificial conditions such as additional lighting in greenhouses can be easily provided. In this study, economic calculations have shown that, from a practical point of view, Aeroponics technology may be appropriate for large-scale production of seed potatoes.
ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS MATHEMATICAL CONNECTION ERRORS IN TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITY PROBLEM SOLVING
Authors: MARDIYANA USODO Budi , BUDIYONO . , JINGGA Anisa Astra , FAHRUDIN Dwi
Published: August 2021

The trigonometric identity is essential in learning Mathematics because it requires students to think critically, logically, systematically, and thoroughly. Solving trigonometric identity problems requires students to relate conceptual knowledge or procedural knowledge, which then used in questions. This study involved grade X students of senior high school, which were examined to find out the types of mathematical connections errors and causes of the errors. Before task-based interviews were conducted, 36 students were first given a test. Based on several considerations, seven students ( three males and four females) were selected to undergo a task-based interview. This research employed a qualitative research method with a case study design. The results of the analysis indicate that the errors in connecting to conceptual knowledge are most commonly the mistake of connecting the algebraic concept. On the other hand, 86.11% of students experienced errors in connecting to procedural knowledge. This error happened when the students worked on problems with trigonometric identities, which they had rarely encountered in exercises. Errors in mathematical connections in trigonometric identity are caused by the lack of understanding of the algebraic arithmetic operation, emphasis on the concept, and strategic knowledge. It shows that students need a variety of problems to be able to master various forms of trigonometric identities. This research's result also reinforces the critical role of algebraic concepts as prior knowledge in studying trigonometric identity.
PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING STRATEGIES USING MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS AND LEARNING STYLES TO ENHANCE CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDINGS OF CHEMISTRY
Authors: ARSANI Ida Ayu Anom , SETYOSARI Punaji , KUSWANDI Dedi , DASNA I Wayan
Published: August 2021

Studies in the area of chemistry teaching discovered that problem-based learning strategies (PBL) effectively improve students’ conceptual understanding. However, there is minimal information about the effectiveness of PBL if it is applied with multiple representations (MR) for the students with different learning preferences. This study aimed to prove the effects of problem-based learning strategies (PBL) using multiple representations (MR) and students’ learning styles on the conceptual understanding in chemistry. There were two whole classes in the Mechanical Engineering Department of Bali State Polytechnic that were assigned to be the experimental group (n =59) and control group (n = 58). Felder-Soloman's Index of Learning Style (ILS) was applied to differentiate the students’ learning preferences, while their conceptual understanding in chemistry was assessed using a test after 6 weeks of treatment. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) shows that the conceptual understanding of students taught using PBL strategies with MR was significantly better than those taught using PBL strategies only. Besides, based on the variation of learning styles, students with a visual style had a better conceptual understanding than those with verbal style, but the difference was not statistically significant. The absence of interaction effect between PBL strategies with MR and learning style on students’ conceptual understanding suggests that the support of multiple representations in PBL strategies can effectively enhance students' understanding of concepts in chemistry regardless of their learning style.
SYNTHESIS AND PROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF PECTIN/MONTMORILLONITE COMPOSITES AGAINST ASPIRIN-INDUCED ENTEROCOLITIS
Authors: AUYEZKHANOVA Assemgul S. , TALGATOV Eldar T. , AKHMETOVA Sandugash N. , KAPYSHEVA Unzira N. , ZHARMAGAMBETOVA Alima K.
Published: August 2021

Long term use of aspirin for prevention of cardiovascular events is limited by its gastrointestinal adverse effects, and, therefore, patients at high risk should receive gastroprotective agents. However, gastroprotective drugs also have a few adverse effects that require searching for safe and effective alternatives. The composites combining the swelling properties of clays and the biological activity of polysaccharides seem to be promising candidates for gastrointestinal protection. This study aimed to characterize pectin/montmorillonite composites and evaluate their protective effect on the gastrointestinal tract of rats taking aspirin over a long period. A series of composites based on montmorillonite (ММТ) and low esterified pectin (Pec) was synthesized using the adsorption-precipitation method. The polysaccharide to clay weight ratios were 1:19, 1:9, and 1:4. The composites were characterized using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Infrared Spectroscopy (IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Pectin was completely fixed on MMT, and the polysaccharide content in the composites was approximately 5, 10, and 20 wt%, respectively. The shifting of the absorption band of the C=O group of the pectin indicated the interaction of the polysaccharide with the clay, confirming effective immobilization of Pec on MMT. Modification with pectin changed the morphology and structure of the MMT due to the surface coating and intercalation into the interlayer space. The composites swelled in acidified water (pH = 2.0), and their swelling ability was higher to compare with unmodified MMT. The sorption capacity of Pec/MMT composites towards acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) was decreased from 6.8 to 1.0 mg g-1 with increasing of pectin content from 5 to 20 wt%. The hybrid composites promoted the protection of the gastrointestinal tract of rats, which were administered ASA with Pec/MMTs for 16 days. Protective properties of the Pec/MMT have been improved with increasing pectin content from 5 to 20 wt%.
MICROBIAL DIVERSITY OF THE CONTAMINATED SOILS IN KAZAKHSTAN OILFIELDS
Authors: AITKELDIYEVA Svetlana , DAUGALIYEVA Saule , ALIMBETOVA Anna , FAIZULINA Elmira , SADANOV Amankeldi
Published: August 2021

Oil and oil products adversely affect both the biodiversity of the microorganisms and the soil function. In oil-contaminated soils, unique bacterial communities develop that are adapted to pollution. In this work, the bacterial structure and diversity of the microbial community have been studied in samples of oil-contaminated soils in Kazakhstan deposits using the Illumina MiSeq sequencer. The results of the study showed that the representatives of the following bacterial phyla dominated in the selected soil samples: Proteobacteria, prevailing in oil-contaminated soils (up to 48%), Actinobacteria (up to 29.33%), Firmicutes (up to 25.74%), Bacteroidetes (up to 33.28 %). The representatives of Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia, Chloroflexi (0.76%-4.62%) phyla were found in smaller amounts. All the uncontaminated soils were dominated by Micrococcaceae, Flexibacteraceae, Sphingomonadaceae, Planococcaceae, Flavobacteriaceae families, contaminated ones – by Halomonadaceae, Flavobacteriaceae, Alteromonadaceae, Dietziaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Bacillaceae, Xanthomonadaceae, Anaerolinaceae, Mycobacteriaceae and Peptococcaceae families. At the genus level, samples of uncontaminated and contaminated soils also demonstrated significant diversity. The dominant bacterial genera in the samples of the uncontaminated soil were Hymenobacter, Arthrobacter, Gillisia. In contaminated soils of three deposits the microorganisms of the Halomonas, Marinobacter, Pseudomonas (mostly in 2KO soil sample), Bellilinea and Mycobacterium (mostly Md sample) genera were spread more widely; and a very large population of the microorganisms of the Halomonas genus was found in the contaminated soil sample from the Atyrau region. A comparison of the taxonomic structure of microbial communities of oil-contaminated soils indicates that the composition of the microbial population changes depending on the degree of oil pollution. Samples of uncontaminated background soils were characterized by higher bacterial diversity than samples of contaminated soils. The microorganisms belonging to the dominant phyla were mostly associated with the decomposition of oil hydrocarbons. The characterization of the bacterial communities living in the contaminated soils and the assessment of their ability to decompose oil can potentially be a guide for bioremediation of contaminated soils.
USING OF BIOCORRECTORS IN REGENERATION PACING OF MECHANICALLY INJURED RATS’ FETAL HEPATIC
Authors: ROMANOVA Lubov , TOLMATCHEVA Natalia , MASLOVA Zhanna , KAPITOVA Irina , SHAMITOVA Elena
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to studying the influence of biologically active substances on the regeneration of internal organs in mammals at the early stages of development. Complete recovery of the organ after damage does not occur. It is necessary to look for new ways that reveal the processes that contribute to regeneration. The study of processes that occur in the body before birth allows understanding the mechanisms of what happens in the postnatal period in general pathological processes. It was studied the mechanical damage to the liver in rat fetuses under the influence of biocorrectors “Trepel” and “Suvar.” Morphological, morphometric, histochemical, and immunohistochemical methods were used for processing the material. The results of the work indicate that the combined use of these biocorrectors after the development of a necrosis focus in the liver reduces alternative manifestations of hepatocytes, inhibits reactive inflammation around the injury site, slows down the recruitment of fibroblasts to the injury zone, and inhibits collagen genesis. At the same time, biocorrectors have a pronounced stimulating effect on proliferation of hepatocytes, which, against the background of increased enzymatic activity, manifests itself in the form of mitotic division activation and polyploidization of hepatocytes. Despite the signs of regenerative stimulation, as a result, complete recovery of the liver in the site of the dead tissue in experimental rats does not occur; there is only a 34.7% decrease in the focus of fibrosis formed in the place of dead liver tissue, compared to control animals.
BEHAVIORAL BACKGROUND OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN PENSIONERS OF VARIOUS PROFESSIONAL TYPES
Authors: BEREZINA Tatiana N. , CHUMAKOVA Elizaveta
Published: August 2021

Studies in the area of chemistry teaching discovered that problem-based learning strategies (PBL) effectively improve students’ conceptual understanding. However, there is minimal information about the effectiveness of PBL if it is applied with multiple representations (MR) for the students with different learning preferences. This study aimed to prove the effects of problem-based learning strategies (PBL) using multiple representations (MR) and students’ learning styles on the conceptual understanding in chemistry. There were two whole classes in the Mechanical Engineering Department of Bali State Polytechnic that were assigned to be the experimental group (n = 59) and control group (n = 58). Felder-Soloman's Index of Learning Style (ILS) was applied to differentiate the students’ learning preferences, while their conceptual understanding in chemistry was assessed using a test after 6 weeks of treatment. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) shows that the conceptual understanding of students taught using PBL strategies with MR was significantly better than those taught using PBL strategies only. Besides, based on the variation of learning styles, students with a visual style had a better conceptual understanding than those with verbal style, but the difference was not statistically significant. The absence of interaction effect between PBL strategies with MR and learning style on students’ conceptual understanding suggests that the support of multiple representations in PBL strategies can effectively enhance students' understanding of concepts in chemistry regardless of their learning style.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER FROM TIP MODELS MADE OF CARBON-CARBON COMPOSITE MATERIAL (CCCM) UNDER CONDITIONS OF HIGH-INTENSITY THERMAL LOAD
Authors: SHA Minggong , UTKIN Yuri A. , TUSHAVINA Olga V. , PRONINA Polina F.
Published: August 2021

Carbon-carbon composite materials are characterized by high heat resistance and thermostability for which they, in most of their physical and mechanical characteristics, can be attributed to the most promising materials. Approximately 81% of all carbon-carbon composite materials are used for the manufacture of brake rotors for aircraft, 18% – in space rocket technology, and only 1% – for all other areas of application. While the need for composites for rocket and space technology is constantly decreasing – the volume of production of brake disc rotors for aircraft is steadily growing, and therefore research on the properties of carbon-carbon composite materials (CCCM) under conditions of high-intensity thermal loading is extremely urgent at the moment. In this paper, we consider a method for introducing silicates and oxides hardening them with the addition of refractory, chemical elements into CCCM. Tests of tips from CCCM were carried out under conditions of high-intensity thermo-force loading. The objectives of the experiment were to obtain scalded forms of the tip model and to record the temperature on the surface during the action of a jet flowing out of the nozzle of the propulsion system (PS). The tip of the CCCM is blown by means of a propulsion system with a supersonic flow of a highly enthalpy oxygencontaining gas. The results of experimental studies were determined using video recording on the basis of which sequences of frames were obtained on the basis of which the burning forms were built. Using thermal imaging measurements, the temperature field on the model surface was determined during the entire time the supersonic gas flow was exposed to it.
ASSESSMENT OF OLANZAPINE ORODISPERSIBLE TABLETS BIOEQUIVALENCE IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS
Authors: LISOVSKAYA S. B. , KARGIN V. S. , MATYUSHIN A. A. , TITOVA N. A. , BELOV A. V.
Published: August 2021

Dispersible tablet form (ODT) of drugs is convenient for patients to take; the effectiveness of its use increases significantly with non-compliance treatment of mental disorders. Upon the expiration of the patent for the original drug, the production of generics with the same pharmacologically active ingredient often starts. Due to differences in fillers and manufacturing techniques, even high-quality copies of the original product may not be equivalent to it. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of the ODT form of the original drug and generic with 10 mg olanzapine. After taking the original drug and generic in two stages, on an empty stomach from healthy volunteers, from the vein were sampled bloods into vacuum heparin tubes. The washout period between doses of the drugs was 21 days. The extraction (LLE) of olanzapine was carried with a mixture of n-hexane:isopropanol (3:1) at pH 8.0, and analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (quadrupole-linear ion trap). The degree of extraction olanzapine from bloods (model samples, 20 ng/ml) was 75.2% (CV 4.6%). The quantitative limit for olanzapine by HPLC-MS/MS (LLOQ) was 0.50 ng/ml (CV 2.0%, accuracy 17.6%). Conducted on an open randomized cross scheme studies showed a satisfactory bioavailability and bioequivalence profile of the original drug and generic containing olanzapine. The calculated pharmacokinetic parameters for the logarithmically converted mean values verified with a 90% confidence interval were: Сmax - 95.93-99.80% (average value 97.64%); AUC0 – t - 95.43-100.35% (average value 97.75%); Сmax / AUC0 – t - 94.44- 101.73% (average value 97.87%).
SYSTEM OF PROTECTION FOR POTATO FROM PESTS AND DISEASES TO GET ECOLOGICALLY CLEAN PRODUCTS
Authors: BUTOV A. V. , ZUBKOVA T. V.
Published: August 2021

Potatoes comprise a strategically important food crop in the Russian Federation. Enhanced chemicalization of potato production, while protecting it from pests and diseases, allows you to get high yields, but at the same time significantly affects the biological quality of products. The retail chain often receives lots of tubers with excess nitrates, while containing the so-called "long-playing" pesticides. Getting into the human body with products, toxic substances cause severe diseases. There is an acute problem of providing children with environmentally friendly products. This research developed an important task of neutralizing the accumulation of toxic insecticides and fungicides in tubers by the beginning of harvesting when cultivating medium-early varieties of potatoes. This was achieved when using the insecticide Celest TOP (Thiamethoxam, hazard class 2) in reduced by 25% norms, in combination with the use of biological preparations Siliplant or Albit and reduced by 40% norms of fungicides. The protection system included for tubers: Celestine 0.3 L/ha + Albite TPS 0.1 L/t. For tops: Ridomil gold MC VDG 1.5 kg/ha first, second and third treatments. Shirlan SK 0.24 L/ha 4-5-th treatment + Albit TPS 2 times for vegetation 0.05 L/ ha or Siliplant BP 2 times for vegetation 1.0 L/ha. Laboratory analyses revealed residual amounts of pesticides and nitrates in tubers. The resulting products, with the plant protection system developed by us, meet the requirements for children's and dietary nutrition. The inversion voltammetric method was used to determine the concentration of pesticides in tubers. Nitrates were determined using an ion-selective electrode. It is established that Prestige (Imidacloprid, hazard class 1) is impractical to use in producing ecologically clean potatoes. Using Celest (Thiamethoxam, hazard class 2) in combination with Albit or Siliplant increased the yield and reduced the content of toxic substances in tubers.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND OVICIDA ACTIVITY OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF CROTON ARGYROPHYLLUS (EUPHORBIACEAE) LEAVES ABOUT AEDES AEGYPTI (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE
Authors: COSTA Renata Katryne Bispo da Silva , SILVA Débora Cardoso , GUALBERTO Simone Andrade , DA SILVA Paulo Sávio Damásio , COSTA Matheus Andrade Rocha
Published: August 2021

The control of Aedes aegypti, which transmits several arboviruses of importance to public health, has as strategies the use of synthetic insecticides, integrated with environmental control. Its control is mainly directed to the larvae and adult phases. The egg phase is difficult to control, as it has great resistance to environmental
conditions. The objective of this work was to evaluate the ovicidal potential of the essential oil obtained from the leaves of Croton argyrophyllus, on Aedes aegypti, as well as to determine the moisture content, the yield, and its chemical composition. The eggs were exposed to the aqueous solution of the essential oil in 10% Tween 80,
in the concentration of 12 mg mL-1, for a period of 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes. Subsequently, the eggs were washed and, after 180 hours of observation, the feed was added. The analysis of the chemical composition of the essential oil was performed by Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry. It was found that up to 180 hours of observation, the highest percentage of larval hatching occurred in eggs exposed to essential oil for 15 min (30%) and the lowest percentage in eggs exposed for 120 min ( less than 10%). After 180 hours, there was an increase in hatching in all treatments. The moisture content was 58.69%, the oil yield was 0.35%, and the main chemical constituents found were bicyclogermacrene and b-cariophylene. It was observed that the essential oil of Croton argyrophyllus, at the concentration evaluated, affects the hatching of Aedes aegypti larvae only in the absence of food.
DISTRIBUTION OF RADIONUCLIDES IN NATURAL WATERS OF NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN AND ASSESSMENT OF WATERBORNE DOSES IRRADIATION OF POPULATION
Authors: SALIKOVA Natalya S , TLEUOVA Zhulduz O , KURMANBAYEVA Aigul S , KHUSSAINOVA Razya K , KAKABAYEV Anuarbek A
Published: August 2021

The population of the Earth is exposed to external and internal radiation every day. Radiation doses differ over a wide range of cosmic radiation levels and the content of natural and anthropogenic radionuclides in the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. Ionizing radiation and radionuclides of natural and artificial origin inevitably causes exposure, increasing the probability of adverse health effects. Suppose the dose of radiation is low and is exposed for a long period of time (low power). In that case, the risk is significantly reduced, since the likelihood of repair of damaged tissues increases. However, there is a risk of long-term consequences, such as cancer, which can manifest in years or even decades. The paper aims to research the natural factors in the formation of radioactivity in the natural waters of Northern Kazakhstan and assess waterrelated doses to the population. The leading research methods for this issue are radiometric and radiochemical methods of analysis. Selective radiochemical analysis was used to determine the radionuclides of uranium, thorium, radium, lead, cesium and strontium, and a radiometer was used to determine radonuclides. During the study, 166 water sources over the past 5 years were analysed and systematized. The research object was drinking water sources of the population of Ayyrtau, Tayinsha, Yesil districts, and Musirepov district of the North Kazakhstan region. Four types of drinking water sources were investigated: well water, borehole water, spring water, borehole water used for centralized water supply. When calculating the dose of internal exposure, the data of the annual radiochemical analysis of various fresh water sources of four districts of the North Kazakhstan region from 2011 to 2016 were used.
REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES FOR IDENTIFICATION OF MINERAL DEPOSIT
Authors: BAIBATSHA Adilkhan B , KEMBAYEV Maxat K , MAMANOV Erkhozha Zh , SHAIYAKHMET Tanirbergen K
Published: August 2021

Studies on the use of Remote Sensing to highlight ore-controlling geological structures were performed. The research findings were obtained using a remote sensing database created from Landsat and ASTER data. As a result of this work, space-structural schemes of individual regions of Kazakhstan were built, and the main ore-controlling factors were determined. Besides, the areas for the detection of endogenous mineralization were identified accordingly. The selected digital satellite imageries provide a given research scale and have the maximum spectral resolution; therefore, they covered the research area in all possible spectral ranges. In spacestructural diagrams, the lineament morphology represents the faults, areas of increased fracture, geological boundaries, litter elements, dam bodies, and other elements of a geological nature. Under conditions of a weakly dissected relief, the multidirectional gradient methods and various filtering methods proved to be useful for distinguishing linear structures. When identifying ring and arc structures within the study area, the following functions were used: the boundaries of arcs and rings between blocks with different textures of space materials, boundaries of landscape heterogeneity, the morphology of arcs and rings. According to the scale, ring structures are conventionally divided into second-order and small structures. Structures with radius from 3 to 50 km belong to second-order ring structures, and small structures with a radius less than 3 km belong to small structures. Stratified complexes in the studied areas are divided into loose and lithified. Neogene-Quaternary proluvial, alluvial-proluvial, alluvial, aeolian and undifferentiated sediments are classified as loose. The lithified layered complexes fold into folds with a predominance of the northwestern strike. When identifying bodies of intrusive rocks, spectral libraries, texture features of satellite images, and the experience of the authors were used.
EVALUATING SOME OF THE HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS FOR HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTED PATIENTS
Authors: HASHIM Nidhal Abdullah , ABDULLAH Younus Jasim , SHAWI Hasan Rahman
Published: August 2021

Helicobacter pylori are Gram-negative curved rods that habitats the gastric mucosa and considered as the leading causes of stomach ulcers and duodenal ulcers in humans. The main object of this study was to evaluate the influences of the bacteria on several hematological parameters. A total of 60 patients aged between 15 to 40 years were included in this study (30 male and 30 female) in addition to 30 healthy individuals from the same ages who were considered as a control group. Venous blood (4 ml) was obtained from the study population and investigated for complete blood count (CBC) using an automated hematology analyzer. The results revealed that there is a substantial decrease (p 0.01) in Hemoglobin (Hb), Red cell distribution width (RDW), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) in patients compared to control. However, no significant difference in Red blood cells (RBCs), Hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in patients compared to control. Also, no significant differences were found in the white blood cell (WBC) between H. pylori infected and non-infected persons. Otherwise, there are significant differences (p 0.01) in lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes in the patients and healthy individuals. The results also found that there are significant statistical differences in some of the hematologic parameters among study groups according to their gender. The study concluded that Hb, RDW, lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes are decreased in H. Pylori infected patients suggesting that infection may have direct effects on blood parameters.
SOMATOSTATIN (SST) PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION IN ASSOCIATION WITH COLORECTAL CANCER
Authors: FAWZI Mohammed , TAIFI Ahmed , LAWI Zahraa Kamil Kadhim
Published: August 2021

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common diagnosis malignancies with different risk factors, including environmental and genetic. Several genes, called tumor suppressor genes, play an essential role in inhibiting these risk factors by preventing tumor development. One of these genes is somatostatin (SST). Somatostatin is an antiproliferative peptide with pro-apoptotic effects that enhance cell death to prevent tumor growth. This study aimed to investigate the association relationship between DNA methylation in SST promotor and colorectal cancer progression. After DNA bisulfite conversion, SST promoter methylation was examined using quantitative methylation‐specific PCR (qMSP) in 71 cases (19 metastasis CRC, 28 early-stage CRC, and 24 healthy controls). Quantitative methylation‐specific PCR (qMSP) is a real-time PCR method used to determine the unmethylated and methylated cytosine residues using a specific set of primers. The percentage of hypermethylation in SST promoter was 17%, 60%, and 79% for healthy controls, early-stage, and metastasis CRC groups. The results showed a significant association between DNA hypermethylation of SST promoter and CRC progression. P-values were 0.0364 for the early-stage group and 0.0138 for the metastasis group. The results also supported that the DNA hypermethylation block the expression of SST, which in turn induce carcinogenesis. The detection of SST promoter hypermethylation at early stage of cancer could be used as a biomarker for screening and prognosis of CRC.
DERIVATIZATION OF CHLOROPHYLL FROM PANDAN (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) LEAVES AND THEIR ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY
Authors: SURYANI Chatarina Lilis , WAHYUNINGSIH Tutik Dwi , A. SUPRIYADI , SANTOSO Umar
Published: August 2021

Chlorophyll is a natural coloring agent that has antioxidant activity. During the extraction and food processing process, chlorophyll is easily degraded and derivatized. The derivatization process results in changes in the chemical structure of chlorophyll which can result in a change in color and its antioxidant activity. The other extracted minor compounds can affect its antioxidant activity. This study aimed to identify the chemical structure changes of chlorophyll extracted from pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb) leaves as affected by the derivatization process and evaluate the antioxidant activity of the extracts and fractions of chlorophyll and its derivatives. Chlorophyll was extracted from pandan leaves with acetone, derivatized, and then purified by fractionation using column chromatography. Chlorophyll extract and its derivatives were analyzed for total carotenoid, total phenolic, and flavonoid contents. The antioxidant activity of extract and fraction was measured by the inhibition of peroxidation of linoleic acid, radical scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing/ antioxidant power (FRAP) ability, and metal chelating assay. Based on the FTIR and MS/MS spectra, it was observed that the first derivatives were pheophytin and chlorophyllide, while the second derivative was pheophorbide. The other extracted compounds, including phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and carotenoids, might enhance the antioxidant activity of the chlorophyll derivatives. The inhibition rate of linoleic acid peroxidation by chlorophyll, chlorophyllide, and pheophorbide extract was not significantly different from BHT, where pheophytin extract was lower. The radical scavenging activity of DPPH and FRAP assay showed that chlorophyll and chlorophyllide extracts exhibited higher activity, followed by pheophytin and pheophorbide. Meanwhile, the metal chelating assay showed that chlorophyllide fraction exhibited the lowest activity. Therefore, the antioxidant activity of the first derivatives of chlorophyll was higher than the second derivatives. In general, the extract of chlorophyll and its derivatives exhibited higher antioxidant activity than that of their fraction.
DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIAL CHEMISTRY SKILLS IN THE UNIVERSITY VOCATIONAL TRAINING SYSTEM OF THE STUDENTS
Authors: MASLENNIKOVA Nadezhda N , GIBADULINA Ilzira , GAFIYATULLINA Elvira A
Published: August 2021

Preparing students for work in the field of education contributes to the development of school education. The basis for teaching students is made up of techniques, methods, and forms of learning by practical activity and the implementation of professional actions. The use of information and communication technology (ICT) in higher education contributes to the disclosure, preservation, and development of individual interests; the motivation; the desire for self-improvement and self-realization of students; ensuring the complexity of studying the phenomena of reality, the inextricability of the relationship between science, technology, the humanities, and art; a constant dynamic update of the content, means, forms, and methods of training and education. This study aimed to identify the level of future chemistry teachers through ICT competence development. A survey was conducted among 24 teachers of general professional and subject-vocational training, who taught “Chemical Technology” to their students. The questionnaire was targeted; the questionnaires were used both in electronic format (Google form) and in print. The article shows how information competence for future chemistry teachers is developed. The practical significance of the study is determined by the need to match the level of school education with modern technological trends. It is shown that there is a necessity for the motivation of students in scientific activity. It was established that the acquisition of competencies and the experience in open training systems, according to all respondents, is a prerequisite for the implementation of further effective educational, cognitive, and professional activities. The ascertaining stage of the pedagogical experiment established the need to choose and introduce the disciplines of mobile, computer, and cloud technologies into the curriculum for solving professionally-oriented problems. The novelty of the study is determined by the necessity to increase the competence of the pedagogical university students in training how to teach chemical disciplines.
CONTENT VALIDITY FOR THE RESEARCH INSTRUMENT REGARDING ETHICAL ISSUES IN HANDLING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: SURYADI Taufik , KULSUM Kulsum
Published: August 2021

In the COVID-19 pandemic, medical handling can cause ethical problems related to the availability of doctors, limited hospital facilities, diagnostic test problems, personal protective equipment, lack of public understanding, and a lack of public awareness in preventing and reducing the risk of contracting COVID-19. Research is needed relating to these ethical issues by involving doctors as research subjects. In every study, a valid instrument is required to answer the research problem. One of the methods of instrument validity is content validity. Content validity is essential evidence to support the validity of a measuring tool such as a questionnaire for research. This research instrument aimed to determine the ability of doctors to identify four basic ethical principles and their attitudes towards handling COVID-19. In a study of medical ethics in managing the COVID-19 pandemic, a content validity test was carried out by involving 9 experts consisting of 5 bioethicists and 4 COVID-19 experts. The validity of the contents was carried out on 36 points of statements related to ethical issues that arose in handling the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of the validation of the 36 statement items obtained an initial CVI of 0.646, but 7 items were eliminated because the CVR was too far from the critical value. After elimination, there were 29 statement items used as a research instrument with a CVI of 0.738. The average value of the agreement between the raters on the statement items was 0.78. The average value of the proportion of the relevance of the statement items was 0.83 (recommendation value 0.90). In the reliability test using the Cronbach’s alpha method, the value of the reliability coefficient was 0.732 (0.70>ri>0.90), it can be stated that the content validity of the questionnaire is valid and reliable for this research instrument. Keywords: content validity, COVID-19, medical ethics, research instrument.
PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS FOR OCCURRENCE OF CONGENITAL ANOMALIES IN NEONATES AT HOSPITAL FOR CHILD AND MATERNITY IN MISAN PROVINCE
Authors: ALI Esraa Abd Almuhsen , ALJAWADI Hussein Fadhil
Published: August 2021

Congenital disabilities affect a remarkable proportion of neonates and have a significant role in hospital admission, morbidity, and pediatrics mortality. Besides, the long-term morbidity and disability caused by birth defects may have a considerable effect on the development of the child and family and health care systems. In Misan, congenital disabilities are considered a third common cause of neonatal mortality. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence, types, and risk factors of congenital disabilities to have an action plan toward preventing the occurrence of these defects. A cross-sectional study performed in the neonatal care unit in Misan Hospital for Child and Maternity during the period of two years (2018 and 2019). Misan province is located in the South East of Iraq. The information was collected from the files of patients and registration records. Any delivered a live neonate with birth defects was enrolled in this study. These cases were diagnosed depending on history, clinical examination supported by other investigations, and radiographic studies whenever needed. The prevalence rates of congenital disabilities were 7.1/1000 and 6.6/1000 live birth in 2018 and 2019, respectively. Central nervous system involvement was the most typical pattern. Congenital disabilities were more frequent in male, single, and term babies of maternal age 18-35 years living in an urban area with a consanguinity history. Thus, the prevalence rate of congenital disabilities was notably high in Misan. Efforts toward prevention, as well as improving the prenatal diagnosis, would be essential.
EFFICACY OF SOYBEAN SEEDS SORPTION DRYING AND PREHARVEST TREATMENT WITH DESICCANTS AS A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH
Authors: SERIKKYZY Mira , AVDEENKO Aleksei , GOULY Yoro Ella , TYURIN Igor , STEPANOVA Diana
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of soybean seed treatment with desiccants and through post-harvest drying. A total of 120 quadruplicate study sites were divided into two groups of 60, one of which was not sprayed with desiccants (control sites), and the other received desiccant treatment (experimental sites). A week after the beginning of the experiment, seeds from experimental sites had 1.5 times less moisture content than seeds from control sites (p ≤ 0.05). The peak lipase activity of seeds was recorded during the first 50 days of storage. The lipoxygenase activity was found to increase between 50 and 100 days of seed storage. The activity of lipase in seeds increased significantly at 60 °C (p ≤ 0.05), but with the subsequent increase in temperature to 80 and 100 °C, a noticeable reduction was recorded (p ≤ 0.01). For lipoxygenase, a similar decrease in activity reaction was noticed at temperatures of drying agents starting from 80 °C. For other factors, no similar results were recorded. This means that the activity of enzymes, in particular, lipase and lipoxygenase, plays a key role in the physiological processes of soybean seeds during storage, but can be inhibited at temperatures starting from 80 °C. Desiccants application accelerates the maturation of the seed to the necessary moisture content for two weeks. After seven days of treatment with Reglon, the yellowing of beans and leaves in the lower part of soybean plants was noted as the moisture content of leaves and beans decreased almost twice to 35%, while on the control site, these values were 48% (p ≤ 0.05).
OPTIMIZATION OF AN NP-FERTILIZER PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
Authors: KYDYRALIYEVA Aziza Dossymbekkyzy , BESTEREKOV Uilesbek , NAZARBEK Ulzhalgas Bakytkyzy , BOLYSBEK Aidar Alibekuly , URAKOV Kinis Nurmagambetovich
Published: August 2021

Ammonium nitrate is the most common and useful nitrogen fertilizer globally, and its demand has decreased significantly due to its fire and explosion hazard. For the agricultural industry, compound fertilizers are most preferable. So, optimized technology’s development is an urgent task. This study aimed to develop NP-fertilizers technology based on the solution mixture of the evaporation’s first stage of the current production of ammonium nitrate and ground phosphate rock to obtain the target product with improved consumer and agrochemical properties. It was established optimal operating parameters of the technology for specific consumption of ammonium nitrate and ground phosphate rock. The results showed the ratio regulation of nutrient elements N/P2O5 in fertilizer formulations as 23/5%; 21/6%; 19/7%; 13/10%, and 11/11%. The method of rotatable
planning-Box-Hunter second-order modeling was used to achieve the data. The independent variables’ influence – specific consumption of ammonium nitrate and ground phosphate rock on the nutrients’ content in the target products were determined. It has been established that two opposite processes accompany their change, that is, it increases by an increase in the specific consumption of ammonium nitrate with a simultaneous decrease in the specific consumption of ground phosphate rock, and vice versa; and it decreases with a decrease in the specific consumption of ammonium nitrate with a simultaneous increase in the particular consumption of ground phosphate rock in the initial mixture. An adequate regression equation was found for the independent variables’ influence on the nutrients’ ratios in products. It was shown that, with corresponding changes in the initial mixture from 0.36 t to 0.67t and 0.54t to 0.29t in the products, the N/ P2O5 ratios increased from 2.51 to 4.68. Moreover, it is possible to obtain a whole set of NP-fertilizers with improved agrochemical and consumer properties, with a total NP content of 25% to 28% in their composition. monium nitrate, ground phosphate rock, nutrients, nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide
MILK PRODUCTIVITY AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MILK FROM THE HOLSTEIN AND BLACK-MOTLEY COWS
Authors: BABICH Elena Anatolyevna , OVCHINNIKOVA Lyudmila Yuryevna , OVCHINNIKOV Aleksandr Aleksandrovich , ZHAKSUMBAY Zhanara Serikovna
Published: August 2021

In assessing dairy cows, both quantitative and technological milk properties are essential. The contents of dry matter and nonfat milk solids determine the nutritional value of milk and its consumption for obtaining dairy products. The article presents a study of the characteristics of milk from cows of Holstein and black-motley breeds. The study aimed to determine the suitability of milk for cheese making. In the scientific and economic experiment, the technological properties of the milk from the Holstein and black-motley cows with various levels of milk productivity were comparatively analyzed. By the results of the studies, it has been found that with a high level of milk productivity, the milk of the Holstein cows contained less dry matter by 12.4 %, and the milk of black-motley cows contained less dry matter by 10.9 %. Increasing the content of dry matter has resulted in overall increasing fat and protein content to 93.0 % and 87.1 %, respectively. A predominantly positive correlation between the milk components has been found. For cheese-making, cow milk with a higher concentration of dry matter is the most valuable. The milk sale by its dry matter content allows an economy to obtain more revenue by USD 3.07 for the Holstein breed and by USD 1.90 for the black-motley breed.
EVALUATION OF THE CONTACT SURFACE PARAMETERS AT KNURLING FINNED HEAT-EXCHANGING SURFACE BY KNURLS AT RING BLANKS
Authors: TATARKANOV Aslan Adal bievich , ALEXANDROV Islam Alexandrovich , OLEJNIK Andrej Vladimirovich
Published: August 2021

Tubular parts with an external finned heat-exchanging surface are usually produced by the laborious method of cutting on lathes. Besides, there is a method for the high-performance manufacturing of fins by cold knurling with ring-cut knurls, which, compared with cutting, reduces labor intensity by two to six times with a significant increase in the operational properties of the product. The disadvantage of the cold knurling method with ring-cut knurls can be unwanted surface defects and deformations of the entire product. Obtaining finned surfaces on ring blanks with high surface quality during knurling requires accurate calculation of the ratio of longitudinal and transverse strains. The most important factors determining the ratio of longitudinal and transverse strains (rolling-out and rolling-off) are the length and width of the contact surface. The need for a quantitative assessment of the parameters of longitudinal and transverse strains determined the purpose of this manuscript. This study aimed to develop a methodology for calculating the contact surface of a knurl with a ring blank (pipe) when knurling with ring-cut knurls. The proposed method for calculating the knurl's contact surface with a tube when knurling with ring-cut knurls allows for estimating the recommended range of pipe sizes for knurling. Based on the dependencies mentioned in the manuscript, the limiting sizes for blank pipes were calculated to ensure high-quality finning. Experiments on cold rolling of ribbing on pipes with different lengths and diameter ratios were carried out, confirming the possibility of using the proposed methodology for calculating the knurl's contact surface with a pipe when knurling heat-exchanging finning with ring-cut knurls.