bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subsea Pelican Oil Field Scale Management and Production Enhancement
Authors: Garayev M. , Adoga C. , Trim S. , Brand P.
Published: June 2024

This abstract presents the evolving scale management strategy over the life of the Pelican field and the recent success in enhancing late life production.

The subsea Pelican gas lifted field is a water injection supported oil field tied back to the Cormorant Alpha platform and has been in production since 1996.

In early field life, the initial scaling assessment predicted barite scale deposition in the tubing, prompting the adoption of preventive inhibition measures. Scale dissolver treatments and inhibitors were dutifully employed throughout most the field's life, but some wells experienced productivity decline due to scale inhibitor injection and some well abandonments recovered clean tubing with no scale deposits.

As new wells were to be drilled in late field life, a reassessment of the scale management strategy was required and core studies were commissioned to assess the inhibitor impact on return permeability, which revealed a significant reduction in productivity. Moreover, a study by Heriot Watt University indicated that the risk of barite scaling was confined to the reservoir, with a low probability of deposition in the wellbore and this led to the suspension of further inhibitor treatments.

However, during the period 2016 to 2018 a significant production decline in the Pelican field was observed. After a rigorous well performance and scaling tendency reviews, the decline was attributed to calcite deposition which ran contrary to both production and abandonment experience. Challenging accepted field practice, required multiple gated approval processes before finally obtaining approval to proceed with the subsea intervention to restore productivity.

Consequently, extensive carbonate scale was removed from high up in the tubing through to the reservoir section in the biggest producer PuP18s1 in 2019 with the MSS1 rig. A combination of multiple runs of chemical dissolver and CT milling were employed to remove scale restrictions to increase well production rate. Scale treatment of the P18S1 well successfully increased production from the Pelican field by 40%.

After successful scale removal, a remediation strategy was put in place, involving yearly acid dissolver treatment bullheading to the subsea wells. This approach has achieved stable production from 2021 to 2023, with three successful acid dissolver treatments and no significant decline in the production rate.
Scale Treatment Optimisation in Geothermal Reservoirs
Authors: Vazquez Oscar , Mackay Eric , Beteta Alan
Published: June 2024

Geothermal power capacity to generate electricity is steadily growing in the last decade from 10.9 GW in 2019 to 15.9 GW in 2020, due mainly that is a sustainable source of energy with low CO2 emissions, where the electricity is generated by heating water underground. There are three types of plants, namely, dry-steam, flash-steam and binary. Dry-steam generators use steam directly from the reservoir; and then directed to a turbine to generate electricity, reservoirs with high enthalpy, >200°C. Flash-steam and binary are more common, flashing consists in the separation of steam from liquid brine through boiling. In binary plants, hot brine is circulated through a heat- exchanger, where heat is transferred to a lower boiling liquid, commonly known as Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), common in low enthalpy reservoirs, 50-100°C. In flash and binary plants, once the heat from the produced brine is extracted, the cooled brine is reinjected in the reservoir.

Due to the dramatic changes in pressure and temperature occurring in water dominated reservoirs, binary and flash cycle geothermal systems results in the precipitation of scale minerals. Scaling may occur at different locations, such as producing wells, surface facilities, reservoir formation and re-injection lines. Scale inhibitors have been commonly used in the oil and gas industry to prevent the mineral deposition. The objective of this paper is to optimize a scale treatment strategy in a geothermal doublet injector-producer layout in a low enthalpy geothermal plant, where the reservoir is assumed to be fractured granitic/crystalline rock, assuming low SI adsorption, due to the nature of the formation and formation brine composition, where the well spacing of 750m and production rate of 50m3/day. The results suggested that the optimum strategy, assuming 20ppm MIC, is to deploy the SI chemical pill in the injector, resulting in over 650 days treatment lifetime, after injecting 12,809Kg of SI for EW well doublet orientation, and 474 days and 5,881Kg for NS. In terms of squeeze treatment, resulted in 410 days treatment lifetime after injecting 27,600kg for EW, and 137 days and 27,115Kg. The results suggest that deployment of the SI slug in the injector is preferable than at the injector. However, compared to continuous injection at 20ppm at 50m3/day, results in 650kg in 650 days, significantly smaller than the other options. Although, it might be an alternative as the whole system will be protected from injection to surface facilities.
Overview of FeS Scale Control and Treatment Under Challenging Applications
Authors: Lu Haiping , Wei Wei , Wang Wei , Leach David , Yan Chao
Published: June 2024

Iron sulfide (FeS) scale is a well-known troublesome solid during oil and gas production for causing plugging, emulsion, and other production upset issues. It can be found in various systems, including injection wells, production wells, surface facilities, and saltwater disposal wells (SWD). While iron sulfide is challenging to control, several main management approaches include: (i) inhibition of FeS formation with scale inhibitors; (ii) dispersion into finer particles by dispersants; (iii) sequestering iron with chelators to mitigate precipitation; (iv) dissolution of existing FeS deposits by acids, e.g., hydrochloric acid (HCl) or citric acid. Each of these approaches has limitations and should typically be combined with the implementation of corrosion inhibitors to reduce iron sources and H2S scavengers to control H2S levels in brines to achieve successful FeS deposition control.

In this paper we review common treatment approaches in different application systems, including production wells, saltwater disposal wells, and surface facilities, and present case histories of FeS treatment by acids and chelators e.g., THPS (Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Sulfate). The pros and cons of chemical treatment programs are explored, and effective treatment approaches and strategies will be compared and discussed.

This paper's overview of current treatment approaches provides insight into the impacts of FeS deposition control in various applications and shares valuable best practices from case histories to aid in successful FeS scale management in future operations.
Impact of Reservoir on Relaxation of Requirement for SRP Whilst Protecting Production - Reactive Transport Modelling for a Mature Offshore Field
Authors: Wang Xu , Baraka-Lokmane Salima , Mackay Eric
Published: June 2024

Injection of Low Sulphate Seawater (LSSW) is widely used to reduce the barite scaling risk. LSSW may be used in addition to Produced Water Re-Injection (PWRI). LSSW injection may no longer be required when the barium concentrations in the produced water decline. This study investigates the timing and degree of relaxation of the output sulphate concentration from a Sulphate Reduction Plant (SRP) required to minimize the barite risk, accounting for the impact of PWRI.

Reactive transport modelling is used to calculate brine mixing and in situ precipitation. The output of these calculations is water composition and rate profiles at the production wells, which is then used to identify the evolution of the barium sulphate scale risk in each well. Five scenarios have been considered: a one-off increase of sulphate, Full Sulphate Seawater (FSSW) injection, gradual increase of sulphate concentration over a given period, and a mixture with PWRI, where the injected brine is assumed to be 95% formation brine and 5% FSSW. Both aqueous speciation reactions and carbonate and sulphate mineral reactions are modelled.

Different injection strategies are addressed, based on a geochemical transport reservoir model of a mature field. The tolerance of sulphate increase for injection brine will help in determining relaxation requirements for the SRP to reduce operational costs as well as seeking other possible late field development strategies (e.g. PWRI).
What Alkalinity is and Why it is Needed for pH Calculations in Oilfield Waters - Description of a Rapid and Robust Algorithm
Authors: Kaasa Baard
Published: June 2024

Knowing pH inside the production equipment is necessary to evaluate the risk for scale formation or corrosion. Measuring pH is not an option in most systems, and one therefore must rely on a calculated pH. Formulating the necessary set of equations needed to calculate pH in a system is straightforward but solving it will become very complex as soon as the water contains more than one acid or base, and most oilfield waters will contain both CO2, H2S, several organic acids and possibly acidic or basic production chemicals. Solving pH analytically will then be an impossible task and solving it numerically can also be very challenging unless a very good start estimate is available. Also, if the electro neutrality equation, which is one of the fundamental equations for aqueous systems, is used, one will find that the uncertainty in the analyzed concentrations of several of the main ions is much larger than the concentration of the ions one need to calculate to find pH. To overcome these problems, alkalinity of the water can be measured, and the alkalinity equation can be used to calculate pH numerically. In this paper, it will be shown that if alkalinity is defined and measured correctly, the alkalinity equation can be used to calculate pH numerically by combining Newton-Raphson and bisection iteration. The method is very robust and does not require a start estimate for pH, it will always converge to the correct solution. By using the alkalinity equation as the working equation, the system can easily be expanded to include multiple acids and bases without any significant increase in complexity because each acid/base system is treated separately and added to the working equation as simple terms. The method can easily be implemented in computer codes or spreadsheet models.
Conventional Versus Unconventional Scale Management, a Sustainable Approach to Assure Well Integrity and Productivity in Giant Offshore Field in Abu Dhabi
Authors: Ali Mohamed , Azeezi Khaled Al , Shamsi Alyaa Al , Alriyami Sultan , Odeh Nadir , Aldhaheri Khalid
Published: June 2024

An effective Scale Management is applied in a giant offshore field in Abu Dhabi for monitoring and mitigating the formation/deposition of inorganic scale on the tubing, to eliminate potential impacts to well integrity and production. With the increasing demand of maximizing well productivity as part of future field development plans and the drilling of unconventional Extended Reach Wells emerges challenges in scale management strategies.

In the conventional vertical wells, scale monitoring and mitigation has been applied successfully through the application of scale inhibitor squeeze chemical treatments into the reservoir to prevent scale formation. In addition, scale monitoring techniques to confirm well accessibility aided in controlling scale and applying proper treatment of scale dissolver and scale inhibition. However, in comparison to what is typically applied in conventional vertical wells, the scale management strategies applied in unconventional Extended Reach Wells will be much more challenging. In Abu Dhabi Extended Reach Wells range with an averaging total depth 20,000-30,000 feet. Several factors encountered effects in the implementation of scale chemical treatment due to the well design and water injection strategies. Such factors include chemical placement for targeting zones in long horizontal wells, limited inhibitor lifetime where scale inhibitor residual analysis return profile demonstrate an average of 3-5 months minimum inhibition concentration (MIC). Also, enormous chemical consumption around 6-12 times greater than volumes required for conventional wells is needed. By implementing scale management, a strategy has been developed to thoroughly monitor and manage scale issues in such wells.

Moreover, studies and revalidation are conducted as part of scale management which are mainly covering chemical selection for successful chemicals in terms of performance. Furthermore, exploring the market for suitable technologies that can help in minimizing scale risks such as chemical diverter and enhancer while looking into the application of nonmetallic (GRE).

This paper will present a technical overview of scale management applied in conventional and unconventional wells and focus on the scale management strategy to monitor and mitigate scale risks over the lifetime of producer wells. Filed case treatment application provided will demonstrate the effectiveness of the implementation of scale management and the added value of different strategies.
Scale Control in Geothermal Wells – What are the Options for Effective and Economic Scale Management?
Authors: Jarrahian Khosro , Mackay Eric , Singleton Mike , Mohammadi Shabnam , Heath Stephen , Pessu Frederick
Published: June 2024

The drive towards net zero by 2050 has instigated the development of alternative energy sources to fossil fuels which has resulted in a big focus on geothermal energy projects.

Geothermal brines typically contain dissolved minerals and gases that can cause scale deposition in wells and topside plant equipment. The presence of scale within a geothermal system can cause various issues leading to decreased efficiency of thermal energy production due to inefficiency of heat exchangers and turbines and the potential for reduced flow capacity in injection wells.

In geothermal systems, the conditions and brine chemistry of each geothermal plant can vary greatly, and the selection of a suitable scale management process will be crucial for the sustainable production of geothermal energy. As with all scaling issues in the energy industry, prevention via chemical inhibition and/or chemical removal is the preferable method of dealing with scale compared to costly mechanical removal although non-chemical methods now offer an attractive alternative especially for reducing CO2 footprint.

Chemical treatment can be by continuous topside chemical injection, scale squeeze or batch treatment in the injection and/or production wells. The high temperatures of geothermal wells coupled with high water throughput can create quite a challenge for chemical scale control and removal. Any selected scale inhibitor/dissolver will need to be thermally stable to up to 250°C, preferably biodegradable (although this is not essential) and display good efficiency against calcium carbonate and silica/silicate scales.

Geothermal brines contain dissolved CO2 and H2S and this can make fluids corrosive so the interaction between scale and corrosion inhibitors will also need to be considered as part of any scale or corrosion management strategy. This may also require modified laboratory test methods, especially for geothermal plants with water re-injection.

This paper will review geothermal scale and its mechanisms of formation and will highlight the options available for scale management including both chemical and non-chemical treatments. In addition, the impact of well completion, high water production, corrosion, CO2 footprint and the challenges for chemical treatments in terms of thermal stability and laboratory testing will be discussed.
Unconventional Scale Inhibition and Acid Stimulation Strategies for Enhanced Oil Recovery in Sandstone Formations: A Case Study from Southern Oman
Authors: Al Shukaili Ghosin , Al Ruqaishi Moza , Al Kalbani Muhannad , Al Riyami Yaqoob , Al Amri Ibrahim , Al Habsi Al Moatasem , Al Lawati Ahmed , Al Jabri Dawood , Al Hatmi Safiya , Al Shabibi Ali
Published: June 2024

Field X is an oil field characterized by sandstone formations, discovered in 1984 and put into production in 1987. Waterflooding has been integrated into field development plan since 2007 to enhance oil recovery. One of the main challenges in Field X is the underperformance of the water flood system, which led to a severe oil production decline, 30% below target by the end of 2022.

The water injector wells suffer from significant scale deposition over time caused by water incompatibilities and pressure/temperature changes. Even though measures such as applying downstream scale inhibitors and performing acid stimulation have been in practice since 2010 to tackle the problem, the severity of scale deposition remains severe.

A comprehensive review on previous scale formation prediction studies has been done, along with taking downhole samples to identify main scale elements in place. Four different lab analysis have been conducted including solubility tests, XRD, XRF, and bulk scale analysis (BSA). Lab analysis from the downhole scale samples showed up to 60% of samples are insoluble in HCL acid, in which two dominant scale types were identified CaCO3 and CaSO4.

Assessment of the current field inhibition strategy to survey and quality assure different aspects, such as the applied scale inhibitor type, dosage, and skid locations. Three different scale inhibitors were tested at both surface and downhole conditions to identify the optimum candidate. Testing has shown an increase in dosage from 15-20 ppm to 30 ppm.

Due to the presence of HCl insoluble mineral deposits, the old acid treatment recipe was found inadequate and only provided temporary solutions. Based on Laboratory results using mineralogy data from analogous wells, mud acid (9%Hydrochloric acid-1%Hydroflouric acid) was proposed for stimulating poorly performing injectors in field X. Trail camping was done using new acid treatment strategy.

As a result of these efforts, Field X's injection has improved by 73% compared to 2022. This has led to an improvement in overall field production by 27%. Additionally, there has been a decrease in total suspended solids (TSS) when compared to previous years.

This paper investigates the effectiveness of non-traditional acid and solvent systems in sandstone formations in Southern Oman for healthier waterflood management.
Microbial Sulfate Reduction in Underground Reservoirs: Learnings from Full-Field Modeling and Field Data
Authors: Mahmoodi Ali , Nick Hamidreza M.
Published: June 2024

Sulfate-reducing microorganisms are found in various environments, such as shallow marine and freshwater sediments, groundwater, hydrocarbon reservoirs, hydrothermal vents, and mud volcanoes. The reduction of sulfate to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) by sulfate-reducing microorganisms, usually during and after flooding oil reservoirs with seawater (SW), is known as microbial reservoir souring. H2S is a hazardous and corrosive gas, which increases the treatment costs of the produced fluids. Other than the microbiological aspect of this phenomenon, the interplay among the physical aspects of the multiphase flow and (bio)chemical reactions at various scales in the porous media of the subsurface can significantly contribute to the complexity of the problem. This study investigates real field data of several wells in an oil field in the Danish North Sea and presents a modified reservoir souring model coupled with a full-field reservoir model. The effect of various parameters on the production composition data is investigated, and, under various sets of assumptions, the model is matched against the history of the production data. The results demonstrate that sulfate concentration data in the produced water can be a useful compliment to the more common H2S concentration data in the produced gas when tuning the model, thus predicting the future of souring in the field. Moreover, it is shown that the production data can be used to infer the activity of various microbial communities in different locations of the reservoir. Interestingly, the data suggest that the change in the near-wellbore environment during drilling and the completion or the production wells may activate or introduce strains of sulfate-reducing microorganisms, which are responsible for the increase in H2S content in the produced gas during the early stages of production. Microbial souring in the waterflooded regions, on the other hand, corresponds to the increase in H2S production in the later stages of production. Furthermore, it is shown how different sectors of the same field show different souring behaviors and macroscale growth rates (GRs), which are attributed to different elements that affect flow patterns, such as the presence of darcy-scale heterogeneity and fractures.

Additional Keywords

sulfate reducing microorganisms; microbial reservoir souring; history matching; reactive transport modeling; reservoir simulation
Plasma-engineered sugarcane bagasse: A novel strategy for efficient mercury removal from aqueous solutions
Authors: Salas Angie Paola Santacruz , Antunes Maria Lucia Pereira , Rangel Elidiane Cipriano , Watanabe Cláudia Hitomi , Rosa André Henrique
Published: June 2024

Metal ion adsorption using agro-industrial residues has shown promising results in remediating contaminated waters. However, adsorbent effectiveness relies on their properties, often necessitating processing for modification. Considering this, plasma treatment is effective in modifying material surfaces physically and chemically. This study investigated the modification of sugarcane bagasse (SB) using plasma-treated and evaluated its efficacy as a novel adsorbent for mercury removal from aqueous solutions. SB underwent low-temperature plasma treatment with sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) as the working gas, varying treatment times (2, 30, and 60 minutes) and fixed powers (80, 190, and 300 W) at 16 Pa pressure. Characterization via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS/SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and zero point of charge (pHpzc) revealed significant structural changes like increased in porosity and alteration in proportion atomic. Additionally, the successful incorporation of fluorine was confirmed in all treatment conditions, while sulfur was detected in only some samples. Amongst the tested conditions, the SB treated with 300 W for 60 minutes demonstrated the highest mercury removal efficiency, achieving an impressive 83.67% removal rate compared to untreated SB, which yielded only 57.95%. The adsorption mechanism exhibited both physical and chemical behavior, with chemisorption being the dominant process. The Freundlich model provided the best fit to the experimental data, with an R2 value of 0.97. In conclusion, plasma treatment can be a promising alternative for improving the physical and chemical characteristics of SB adsorbents, thereby improving their efficiency in removing mercury from aqueous solutions.
Integration of Artificial Neural Network Model for Smart Medical System Using Double Gate Mosfet
Authors: Leavline Epiphany Jebamalar , Krishnasamy Vijayakanth
Published: June 2024

A human behaviour imitation in the computing industry can be obtained using Neural Network architectures. One of the popular and influential neural network architecture is multilayer back propagation network (MLBPN). This paper aims to design and implement the MLBPN model for analyzing medical images. Many earlier research works have focused on implementing machine and deep learning models for analyzing medical data. But the computational speed is less and requires more epochs to obtain accurate results. Some researchers have overcome the challenges by using different integrated circuit techniques which are not cost-effective. This paper implements the multi layer perceptron (MLP) architecture using a double gate metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (DGMOSFET) model. The physical and logical functionalities of the MOSFET are integrated with MLP to provide the similar electrical behaviour of the transistor to control the current and voltage. The proposed MLP with DG-MOSFET model is trained with datasets having mixed of disease cases which were taken from FDA-NCI Clinical Proteomics Program Databank and the testing process is evaluated. The simulation is carried out with MATLAB and Cadence software, and then the analysed values are compared with actual values. The output proves that the speed and accuracy are improved compared with single gate devices.
Nickel-Induced Labial Angioedema in a Pediatric Patient with Orthodontic Braces: A Case Report
Authors: Leone Fabrizio , Gori Alessandra , Cinicola Bianca Laura , Coletti Giorgio , Pignataro Elia , Martina Capponi , Giulia Brindisi , Anania Caterina , Zicari Anna Maria
Published: June 2024

Background
Angioedema is a condition marked by sudden, intense swelling of the subcutaneous and submucosal tissues, typically associated with hypersensitivity reactions, genetic mutations, or reactions to medications. It can also result from contact with allergens such as nickel, leading to dermatitis.
Case Presentation
A 12-year-old girl presented at our Pediatric Immunology and Allergology service with recurrent labial angioedema for over a year, linked to the consumption of legumes and tomatoes, and following the use of a metal flute. Despite a nickel-positive patch test and subsequent avoidance of nickel, her symptoms persisted. Further investigations to rule out other causes of angioedema were unproductive. It was later discovered that she had been wearing a nickel-containing orthodontic device applied a year earlier. The removal of this orthodontic device led to a cessation of the angioedema episodes, highlighting nickel as the likely trigger.
Conclusions
This case underscores the importance of considering prolonged nickel exposure from dental devices as a potential cause of angioedema. For patients predisposed to nickel hypersensitivity, using nickel-free alternatives such as ceramic for orthodontic appliances is crucial. Additionally, comprehensive allergen screening, including latex testing, should be conducted before the placement of such devices to prevent similar adverse reactions.
Analyzing the Impact of English Media Exposure on English Proficiency among Nonnative Asian Speakers
Authors: Meng Wentao , Cao Xueqing , Xu Shuang , ji Yan
Published: June 2024

This paper explores the phenomenon and effects of English proficiency enhancement through English media by nonnative English speakers in Asia in the context of globalization and informationization. With the growing importance of English in international communication, mastering English has become an important tool for individuals to participate in global activities. Despite significant differences in the level of English language education and resource allocation within the Asian region, English media, as an important learning resource, provides a wealth of language input and cultural exchange opportunities that can help improve the proficiency of nonnative English speakers. This study analyzes the correlation between the frequency of exposure to English media and improvements in English proficiency based on AsiaBarometer data through an ordered probit model and other statistical methods. The results show that frequent exposure to English media significantly improves respondents' English proficiency. In addition, the study revealed the moderating role of age and education level in this process, noting that younger and more educated individuals benefited more significantly. The study emphasized that English media not only enhances language skills but also provides a platform for cultural understanding and cross-cultural communication. In light of these findings, it is recommended that educational policy makers and institutions integrate English media resources more effectively and provide customized learning support to learners from different backgrounds to improve English proficiency for all and enhance international communication skills. Future research needs to explore more influencing factors and different regional contexts to optimize the allocation and use of educational resources.
The addition of Allium mongolicum Regel powder does not appear to affect Firmicutes or Bacteroidota as core microbes in the Angus calf fecal microbiome
Authors: Sun chenxu , Gao Huixia , He Jianjian , Yao Haibo , Yu Aihuan , Xie Yaodi , Zhang Wangdong , Lei Zhaomin , Wang He , Hu Jinsheng , Duan Yueyan , Tang Defu , Liu Wangjing
Published: June 2024

Increasing apparent nutrient digestibility is critical for improving beef cattle growth performance and increasing ranch profitability. Therefore, we investigated the effects of the dynamic assembly process of Allium mongolicum Regel powder (AMRP) on the fecal microbiome of Angus calves as well as the apparent nutrient digestibility, and growth performance. Twenty-four Angus calves were divided into four groups (n = 6) and treated with 0 (ZAMR), 10 (LAMR), 15 (MAMR), or 20 (HAMR) g/d/calf AMRP for 122 days. Growth performance parameters were recorded, and fecal samples were collected on days 1, 90, and 122. The results showed that the addition of AMRP did not affect Firmicutes or Bacteroidota, which are core microbes in the fecal microbiome. There was a decrease in the alpha diversity of the fecal microbes on day 122 compared to that on days 1 and 90, with 23 differential microbes screened. Correlation analysis revealed that a variety of differential microbes were significantly associated with apparent nutrient digestibility and growth performance. The apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude protein were significantly greater in the LAMR group (P < 0.050). In conclusion, AMRP at a dose of 10 g/d/calf was more favourable for increasing apparent nutrient digestibility, and improving growth performance.
Performance, isotherm, kinetics and mechanism of simultaneous removal of Cr (VI), Cu (II) and F ions by CeO2-MgO binary oxide nanomaterials
Authors: Zaidi Rumman , Khan Saif Ullah , Farooqi I. H. , Ahmed Faheem , Alsulami Abdullah , Azam Ameer
Published: June 2024

This study focuses on the synthesis of a novel Cerium-Magnesium (CeO2-MgO) binary oxide nanomaterials by a simple co-precipitation process, which was then used to remove harmful pollutants such as Cr(VI), Cu(II), and F. The morphology, phase, crystallite size, thermal stability, functional groups, surface area, and porosity of the synthesized nanomaterial were determined using XRD, SEM, FTIR, TGA/DTA, and BET studies. The prepared nanomaterials showed adsorption selectivity of Cu(II) ≈ F-> Cr(VI) with a high adsorption capacity of 84.3−133.3 mg/g for Cu(II), Cr(VI), and F-. The distribution coefficient (Kd) for F- and Cu(II) was found to be in the range of 104 mL/g which was good enough. The adsorption isotherms for Cr(VI), Cu(II), and F- followed the Freundlich isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model in linear and nonlinear forms, indicated multilayer adsorption. Maximum removal of Cr(VI), Cu(II), and F- ions was found to be 92.84%, 98.88 %, and 95 %, respectively, for a high initial concentration of 50 mg/l by 2 g/l dosages of prepared CeO2-MgO binary oxide nanomaterials employed as an adsorbent in this study. The results showed that novel CeO2-MgO binary oxide nanomaterials are promising adsorbent for removing hazardous inorganic contaminants from the water due to their adsorption capability and chemical stability.
Synthesis of Mo2C@CeO2@Fe3O4 particles for enhancing three-dimensional heterogeneous electro-Fenton degradation of MIT and HEDP
Authors: Rao Qian , Li Huiqiang , Yang Ping , Guo Ziou
Published: June 2024

Mo2C@Fe3O4 and three kinds of MO2-doped Mo2C@Fe3O4 were successfully fabricated as novel particles for the degradation of MIT and HEDP in a 3D electro-Fenton (EF) system. The combination of Mo2C and Fe3O4 as heterogeneous catalyst particles showed an enhancement for the catalytic activity in the system. Furthermore, the Mo2C@CeO2@Fe3O4 particles exhibited superior activity for MIT and HEDP degradation compared to the other two particles. The MIT, COD (MIT), HEDP and COD (HEDP) degradation rates using Mo2C@CeO2@Fe3O4 particles were 97.2%, 70.6%, 73.6% and 44.7%, respectively. Based on the characterization of the synthesized particles, leaching concentration of Fe2+, generation of H2O2 and free radical, the reasons for the difference in degradation performance among the three type particles and the excellent performance of Mo2C@CeO2@Fe3O4 were comprehensively analyzed. At last, some important experimental parameters, such as particles dosage, current density and aeration intensity, which would obviously affect MIT and HEDP degradation performance were studied.
Expression of miR-377-3p in preeclampsia and its effect on CCNG2
Authors: Niu Sanqiang , Yu Kangjun , Wang Weili , Li Wan , liu Ning , Zhou Ping
Published: June 2024

Background
To investigate the relationship between changes in miR-377-3p and cell cyclin G2 (CCNG2) expression and clinical features of pregnant women in preeclampsia (PE) and to further analyze the effect of miR-377-3p on CCNG2.
Methods
120 pregnant subjects were recruited consisting of 70 PE and 50 healthy pregnancies. The expression of miR-377-3p and CCNG2 mRNA were detected through RT-qPCR, and the protein expression of CCNG2 was examined through Western Blot. The Pearson test was used to analyze the relationship between miR-377-3p and CCNG2 mRNA expression and clinical parameters related to pregnant women with PE, and the association between them. Dual luciferase assay to verify the effect of miR-377-3p on CCNG2.
Results
The expression of miR-377-3p in the peripheral plasma and placenta of pregnant women in the PE group was lower than that in the control group, and the expression levels of CCNG2 mRNA and protein were higher than that in the control group. Expression of miR-377-3p and CCNG2 mRNA in plasma and placenta of pregnant women with PE was correlated with systolic, diastolic blood pressure and neonatal birth weight. miR-377-3p and CCNG2 were consistently expressed in plasma and placental tissues, and their expressions were negatively correlated. Dual luciferase assay showed that miR-377-3p negatively regulated CCNG2 expression in HTR-8/SVneo cells.
Conclusion
Aberrant expression of miR-377-3p and CCNG2 in pregnant women with PE was associated with the severity of PE and its prognosis. It is hypothesized that miR-377-3p may be involved in the pathogenesis of PE through targeted inhibition of CCNG2 expression.
Experience and attitude of psychiatric nurses in caring for patients with repeated non-suicidal self-injury in China: A qualitative study
Authors: Yue Leiyu , Zhao Rui , Zhuo Yu , Kou Xiaomin , Yu Jianying
Published: June 2024

Background: Theincidence of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is high and often occurs repeatedly. Psychiatric nurses play a vital role in the care and treatment of NSSI patients, as they have the most frequent contact with patients. The attitude of nurses has a direct affect on the quality of care they provide to patients. Negative care experiences and attitudes of patient aversion on behalf of nurses may delay the observation and treatment of changes in the patient's condition, leading to irreversible risks. Although cross-sectional studies have investigated the attitudes of medical staff toward NSSI patients, quantitative research results cannot comprehensively reflect the emotional experiences and complex psychological changes of the study subjects. A few studies have focused on the psychiatric nurses' care experiences and attitude toward patients with repeated NSSI.
Objective: This study aimedto explore psychiatric nurses' care experiences and attitudestoward patients during repeated NSSI.
Methods: A qualitative descriptive design using individual, semi-structured interviews. Using purposive sampling，18 psychiatric nurses were recruited from a mental health center in Chengdu, China. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and audio-recorded. Audio-recordings were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis.
Results: Four themes emerged from the analysis: psychiatric nurses’ care experience, perceptions, care attitude and coping style toward repeated NSSI patients. Psychiatric nurses have experienced negative care experiences and severe career burnout during the patient's repeated NSSI. Nurses' attitudes toward NSSI patients changed during repeated NSSI, from understanding to indifference to anger and resentment. At the same time, it was found that nurses' coping style with NSSI patients could be divided into three stages, namely, active coping, neglect and perfunctory, and criticism and punishment.
Conclusions: The findings have implications for health care systems regarding interventions to improve nurses' care experience and attitude toward repeated NSSI patients. These findings suggest that enhancing nurses' understanding of NSSI, establishing standardized emergency response and intervention programs, guiding positive professional values and responsibility, and improving nurses' caring attitudes can promote the early detection and timely intervention of NSSI.
Self-healing Polymer Gel with Cascade-Responsive Properties
Authors: Li Junbai , Li Chao , Jike Chihamo , Song Yan , Li Guo Liang , Jia Yi
Published: June 2024

Materials that exhibit cascade-responsive self-healing similar to that of living organisms can be of great practical value. However, developing them has been challenging. Herein, we demonstrate a polymeric material that can achieve cascade-responsive self-healing via a mechanical-force-triggered self-crosslinking reaction. Ferrocene is used as a mechanophore and its decomposition when the material is subjected to a mechanical force generates Fe3+, which forms a complex with catechol residues present in side chains; thus, forming a new network structure. This cross-linking results in a self-healing efficiency of 100 % after compression at 50 MPa for 5 min and standing for 72 h at room temperature. This strategy also provides the material with self-strengthening ability under repeated mechanical loading. The material exhibited the ability to resist the diffusion of micro cracks caused by high pressure in seawater. This study provides design principles for the construction of a new generation of intelligent bio-like self-healing materials.
Mobile phone as fomites and Hand hygiene. A survey of 544 attendees of the 2023 WONCA international conference in Sydney, Australia
Authors: Goldsworthy Adrian , Olsen Matthew , Morgan Mark , Legget John , Demaneuf Thibaut , Bruggen Natalia Van Der , Singh Gobinddeep , Ghemrawi Rose , Senok Abiola , Almheiri Reem , McKirdy Simon , Alghafri Rashed , Tajouri Lotti
Published: June 2024

Introduction.
Increasingly, research involving the culture and metagenomic analysis of swabs from mobile phones suggests that these devices are important fomites with the potential to contribute to the dissemination of microbes, acquisition of nosocomial infections, development of antimicrobial resistance, and ultimately increased healthcare costs.
Aim.
This study aimed to conduct a survey of healthcare professionals attending an international general practice conference to assess their attitudes and opinions on mobile phone hygiene.
Methods.
A survey of 544 individuals attending an international general practice conference (WONCA) was undertaken in Sydney, Australia in October of 2023.
Results.
Most respondents (98%) agreed mobile phones harbour microorganisms. Furthermore, 84% supported the introduction of a "6th moment" in hand hygiene protocols, specifically targeting the sanitization of mobile phones.
Conclusion.
The findings underscore the necessity of incorporating mobile phone sanitization into hand hygiene practices to combat the spread and evolution of antimicrobial-resistant organisms. UV-C technology emerges as a promising approach for the efficient and effective disinfection of mobile phones in healthcare settings.
High pressure behavior of K-cymrite (KAlSi3O8 ·H 2 O) crystal structure
Authors: Romanenko Alexandr V. , Rashchenko Sergey V. , Korsakov Andrey V. , Sokol Alexander G.
Published: June 2024

Compressibility and structural evolution of K-cymrite, hexagonal high-pressure KAlSi3O8·H2O, has been studied up to 18 GPa using synchrotron single crystal X-ray diffraction in Ne pressure medium. K-cymrite retains its original symmetry P6/mmm up to a pressure of 7.3 GPa. As the pressure increases from 7.3 to 8.5 GPa the weak satellite reflections appear on diffraction patterns and remains up to maximum applied pressure of 18 GPa indicating incommensurate modulation. However, main reflections can be still indexed in hexagonal cell and structure successfully solved in initial P6/mmm group. After pressure release, K-cymrite reverts to initial non-modulated single-crystal state. The parameters of third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state for K-cymrite are V0 = 190.45(12) Å³, K0 = 56.5(7) GPa and K’ = 3.2(12), with bulk modulus notably deviating from earlier result (45(2) GPa) obtained in NaCl media.
Which One Breaks Down, Chapman-Enskog Expansion or Darcy-Brinkman Body Force Lattice Boltzmann Scheme?
Authors: Zhu Jiujiang
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we demonstrate that the claim of "Breakdown of Chapman-Enskog expansion" reported in reference paper1 was made by misunderstanding some concepts in literature. We will prove that the Chapman-Enskog expansion on Darcy-Brinkman body force lattice Boltzmann scheme for porous media only recovers pure fluid viscosity as classical BGK2 Lattice Boltzmann model does3, rather than the effective viscosity of porous media. We will show Darcy-Brinkman's body force lattice Boltzmann scheme results in an artificial effective-viscosity, which has nothing to do with the real effective viscosity of porous media. Therefore, its Breakdown is due to its failure as a proper model to simulate fluid flow in porous media. We will demonstrate that gray lattice Boltzmann model4 we developed recently is a best candidate to replace Darcy-Brinkman body force lattice Boltzmann scheme. A comprehensive comparison between two models will be carried out. The numerical simulation results of two models are compared with analytic solution. And the numerical simulation consists with theoretical analysis very well.
Decisional needs for older adults, home health care nurses and dental hygienists during team-based oral health assessments in ordinary home settings – a qualitative study
Authors: Kylén Jessica Persson , Björns Sara , Hägglin Catharina , Grönbeck-Lindén Ingela , Piper Laurence , Wårdh Inger
Published: June 2024

Background
Participation by all actors involved in health planning is a prerequisite for person-centred care and healthy ageing. Understanding the multiple knowledge needs and the values that shape oral health assessments in home settings is important both to enable participation in oral health planning and to contribute to healthy ageing.
Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate decisional needs during oral health assessments in ordinary home settings from the perspectives of older adults, home health care nurses and dental hygienists.
Methods
Data was collected in ordinary home settings through 24 team-based oral assessments and 39 brief, semi-structured interviews including older adults (n = 24), home health care nurses (n = 8) and dental hygienists (n = 7). Data was analysed using content analysis with a deductive approach. The analysis was guided by the Ottawa Decision Support Guide.
Results
The analysis revealed that all participants considered participation in decision-making important but until now, older adults might not have participated in making decisions regarding oral health issues. The older adults considered participation important because the decisions had a strong impact on their lives, affecting their health. The professionals considered decision-making important for knowing what step to take next and to be able to follow up and evaluate previous goals and treatments. Organizational and personal barriers for shared decision-making among home health care nurses and dental hygienists were identified. Of the 24 older adults, 20 had different oral health conditions that objectively indicated the need for treatment. An initial important decision concerned whether the older adult wanted to make an appointment for dental care, and if so, how. Another decisional conflict concerned whether and how assisted oral care should be carried out.
Conclusion
It is important for key participants in ordinary home settings to participate in interprofessional teams in home health care. To further anchor this in theory, conceptual models for professionals from different care organizations (municipal care, dental care) need to be developed that also involve older adults as participants. Future research could bridge theory and practice by including theories of learning while exploring interorganizational oral health planning in home settings.
Prognostic value and predictive biomarkers of tumor-associated macrophages and cancer stem cells cooperatively in colorectal cancer
Authors: Kou Yu , Shui Menglin , Tang Huizi , Gu Feng , Zhu Rentao , Wang Yunshuai , Han Baowei
Published: June 2024

Objective
Cancer stem cells (CSC) can recruit tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) into the tumor microenvironment and accelerate their polarization into tumor-accelerating macrophages. And TAMs maintain CSC stemness and construct niches that are poor for CSC patients survival.Thus we study that different phenotypes of TAMs and biomarkers of cancer stem cells (CSC) were measured as prognostic and predictive biomarkers in colorectal cancer (CRC).
Materials and Methods
Expression of CD86, CD163, CD44 and CD133 were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Pearson chi-square test was used to analyze the correlation between CD86, CD163, CD44, CD133 and clinicopathological parameters. Survival difference and prognosis factors were established by Kaplan-Meier method with the log-rank test. Then the factors with p < 0.05 in univariate analysis were analyzed for overall survival by Cox proportional hazard regression model.
Results
The results showed that high expression of CD86 and low expression of CD163 as well as CD44 and CD133 were remarkably associated with longer survival. Then,the protein level of CD86 exhibited a negative correlation with the levels of CD133 and CD44, while CD163 showed a positive associated with CD133 and CD44. Furthermore, the high expression of CD163 and CD133 in combination were positively correlated with poor prognosis in patients with CRC.
Conclusion
These results suggested that different phenotypes of TAMs and biomarkers of CSCs can be used as potential biomarkers for the development and progression of CRC.