bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Structures under Wind and Earthquake Using Different Design Methods
Authors:   Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Iraq., Al-Soudani Maha , Abbas Aamer Najim ,   Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Iraq., Numan Hesham A. ,   Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Iraq.
Published: October 2021

The effect of wind and earthquake on the structures can be specified briefly by the effect of horizontal forces act on structures varied in its value and direction depending on the location and the distance from the sea in case of wind load and the seismic activity of the region in case of an earthquake. These horizontal forces conflict in concept with the structural stability of the structure. Most of the designer engineers adopted the vertical forces only in design calculations and neglecting the horizontal forces based on the opinion that the horizontal forces are not effective. This design concept is wrong, thus it is necessary to take into consideration the effect of these horizontal forces on structures, especially there are a number of earthquakes took placed in different places of Iraq. So, it is necessary for dealing seriously with design calculations according to local and international common codes. This investigation presents a review for the design procedures of different codes, solved design examples according to different local and international codes, the difference in design between the horizontal and vertical forces and the methods to minimize the effect of wind and earthquake on structures. Data of 12 floors symmetrical building were adopted in seismic and wind analysis. The results of SAP2000 were compared with international common codes such as European, American, Brazilian, Italian and Romanian codes. The results of calculations revealed that there are some variations in the analysis of different codes. Romanian code is more conservative in calculating the lateral displacement and forces, while Italian code was low conservative.
Economic Evaluation of Different Fuels in the Production of La2NiO4 Particles using A Sol-Gel Combustion
Authors:   Departemen Pendidikan Kimia, Fakultas Pendidikan Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia., Nandiyanto Asep Bayu Dani , Putri Dea Bella Dewary Atika ,   Departemen Pendidikan Kimia, Fakultas Pendidikan Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia., Sunarya Yayan ,   Departemen Pendidikan Kimia, Fakultas Pendidikan Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia., Raharjo Jarot ,   Center for Materials Technology, Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology, Tangerang Selatan, 15314, Indonesia.
Published: October 2021

Lanthanum nickelate (La2NiO4) is a precursor for producing lanthanum pentanickel (LaNi5) alloys for nickel-metal hydride battery (NiMH; a type of rechargeable battery), which has been developed quite rapidly for many applications, such as Hybrid Electric Vehicles. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the economic feasibility of the production of La2NiO4 with different fuels (i.e., glycine fuel (F-G) and citric acid fuel (F-CA)) using a sol-gel combustion method. Several economic evaluation parameters were analyzed, such as gross profit margin, internal rate of return, payback period, cumulative net present value, and so on. The project was evaluated from the ideal condition to the worst-case conditions, including labor, sales, raw material, utility, as well as external conditions (e.g., tax). The results showed that the production of La2NiO4 is prospective from engineering and economic perspectives. The engineering analysis for both production steps using F-G and F-CA is feasible, and the production can be done even in small-scale production using commercially available apparatus. The economic analysis showed that the process using F-CA is better than that using F-G. From this economic evaluation analysis, the project is profitable and the recovery of the investment is less than seven years for F-G and four years for F-CA. Although this project is feasible to run and profitable, it is not attractive to industrial investors due to the fewer values in some parameters. Thus, since this material is very important to reduce dependence on imports, additional further technologies for improving processes and support from Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and government are important for maintaining this project.
Large Scale Laboratory Investigation in the Improvement of Subgrade Characteristics of Clay Soil Stabilized with Construction Demolition Waste
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cukurova University, Adana, 01330, Turkey., Bagriacik Baki
Published: October 2021

Earthquakes, are a serious problem for a country where necessary measures should be taken. In this context, buildings that have completed their economic life have been demolished in recent years. A lot of construction demolition waste (CDW) occurred from the destroyed buildings. These wastes were collected in the storage facilities and took up a lot of space. So, it is vital to use these wastes both by emptying the storage facilities and reusing them without harming the nature. An alternative method for re-utilizing these wastes is soil improvement. In this context, the usability of CDW in the improvement of a clay soil was investigated. The bearing bearing ratios (BCR) and stress distributions of the clay soil were examined for different CDW ratios, different improvement depths(H / D) and different curing times. As a result, it was suggested that the optimum CDW ratio should be 14%, the improvement depth should be 1.5 and the optimum curing time should be 14 days in clay soil. The findings obtained from large-scale experiments and microstructure analyzes, it showed that CDW is a waste that can be used in soil improvement.
Найкращі рівномірні наближення неперервних функцій узагальненими багаточленами.
Authors: Grinchenko L.
Published: October 2021

В роботі запропоновано два способи наближеної побудови багаточленів найкращого наближення. Розроблено підхід, який дозволяє за допомогою скінченної кількості кроків побудувати багаточлен найкращого наближення до функції  на множині, яка складається з скінченної кількості точок.
Методи оптимізації структури фотоелектричних перетворювачів на основі моно- і полікристалічного кремнію з фотолюмінісцентним покриттям.
Authors: Drozdiuk V.
Published: October 2021

Проведено аналіз сучасних тенденцій у галузі застосування фотоелектричних перетворювачів при впровадженні концепції «Зеленої енергетики». Показано, що основним чинником низької ефективності фотоелектричних перетворювачів на основі підкладок полікристалічного та монокристалічного кремнію є невідповідність спектру поглинання напівпровідника і спектру сонячного випромінювання. Вказано на переваги  технології нанесення на поверхню фотоелектричного перетворювача фотолюмінесцентного шару для переведення сонячного випромінювання у довгохвильову частину сонячного спектру завдяки явищу стоксового зсуву  фотолюмінесценції. Запропоновано базовіпідходи по синтезу люмінофорів та нанесенню на поверхню кремнієвої підкладки мікрорельєфних структур. Побудовано математичну модельдля вирішення задачі оптимізації структури фотоелектричного перетворювача з фотолюмінесцентним покриттям.
Інформаційно-комп’ютерний аспект розвитку математичних та професійних компетентностей студентів в умовах дистанційного навчання.
Authors: Korinchuk N. , Boychuk M. , Narikhnyuk N. , Korinchuk V.
Published: October 2021

У статті розглядається проблема використання студентами і учнями онлайн ресурсів та інших інформаційно-комп´ютерних технологій, їх доступність і вплив на рівень знань при вивченні математики під час дистанційного навчання в умовах карантину. З цією метою авторами було проведене анкетування серед студентів Луцького педагогічного коледжу та учнів Луцького вищого професійного училища будівництва та архітектури на предмет використання ними онлайн ресурсів та освітніх електронних сервісів і наводиться детальний порівняльний аналіз результатів цих соціологічних досліджень між двома закладами освіти.
Аналіз існуючих систем автоматизації в бджільництві.
Authors: Markina L. , Troyanchuk В.
Published: October 2021

В статті розглянуто процес ручний процес бджільництва, існуючі на сьогодні системи автоматизації в даному напрямку та зроблені висновки.
Physical and synoptic predictors and their optimal values leading to the formation of heavy rainfall
Authors:   Hydrometeorological Research Center of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Alekseeva A.A. , Peskov B.E. ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
Published: October 2021

The physical and synoptic predictors are presented, which allow refining the automated forecasts of heavy precipitation implemented in the Hydrometeorological Center of Russia on the recommendation of the Roshydromet Central Methodological Forecasting Commission, as well as hydrodynamic forecasts of precipitation and forecasts of weather forecasters. The physical substantiation of the considered predictors is given. Their optimal values for the formation of heavy precipitation are determined. The parameters of convection and the intensity of the convective phenomenon diagnosed on the basis of radar data further expand the possibilities of refining forecasts of heavy and very heavy precipitation and, if necessary, allow issuing a storm warning with a sufficient lead time or refining a storm warning. Keywords: heavy precipitation, physical and synoptic predictors, diagnosed convection parameters, DMRL-C data
Diagnosis of severe squalls based on the data of DMRL-C Doppler weather radars and numerical modeling
Authors:   Hydrometeorological Research Center of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Alekseeva A.A. , Bukharov V.M. ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Losev V.M ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
Published: October 2021

The approach to the automated diagnostics of severe squalls (≥ 25 m/s) based on the DMRL-C radar network information and the results of numerical modeling is presented. The discriminant function used for the diagnostics was previously tested during the automated forecast of severe squalls. The predictors are the maximum convective velocity calculated from the DMRL-С data and the Laplacian of surface pressure predicted at the 0,05×0,05° radar data grid points with a temporal resolution of 10 minutes according to the regional model of the Hydrometeorological Center of Russia. The proposed approach was tested during the period from May 1 to July 31, 2020 (more than 13000 observation moments). The presented results will provide additional data on severe squalls and can be used to refine short-term forecasts and storm warnings about such weather events.Keywords: diagnostics, squall, severe weather events, radar data, DMRL-C, simulation results
Comparative Case Study on Covid-19 Prevention Methods
Authors: Lee Wendy W
Published: October 2021

Objectives: This study investigated the efficacy of lockdown as a response to COVID-19. This study sought to identify which viral prevention method, loose lockdown or strict lockdown, resulted in the best possible outcome for a certain population.

Methods: A comparative case study was designed to compare and analyze the US states, Florida and California. These states were chosen because they are relatively similar in many factors such as economic dependence on tourism, population traits like population density, and in the aspect that they both have similar weather. Along with being similar in these aspects, the states have opposing lockdown prevention policies; Florida has loose lockdown restrictions and California has strict lockdown restrictions. These states were analyzed through the variables of mortality (death rate), morbidity (hospitalization rate), the economy (unemployment rate and real gross domestic product), and psychological effect (reported cases of anxiety and depression). In the comparison of these two states, it was possible to determine how these variables were affected by the different viral prevention methods.

Results: Florida’s loose lockdown led to a better outcome for the economy with a lower percent decrease in real GDP and unemployment rate, as well as a better psychological effect with lower percent increase in total reports of anxiety and depression. California’s strict lockdown led to a better outcome for the mortality variable with lower rate of deaths as well as a better outcome for the morbidity variable with lower hospitalization rates.

Conclusions: This comparative case study analysis on Florida and California revealed how each lockdown strategy, strict or not, affected each state in terms of mortality, morbidity, the economy and psychological effects. Florida fared better in the economical and psychological variables and California fared better in mortality and morbidity variables.
BIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF EUROPEAN SPECIES OF PINE IN THE INTRODUCTION IN PRIMORSKY REGION
Authors: Repin E. N.
Published: October 2021

In the Primorsky Territory, the economic use of introduced species of conifers is poorly developed. Local species are traditionally preferred in forestry and gardening. The objects for the cultivation of introduced coniferous species can be recreational forests, forest park zones and areas of landscaping of settlements. This will increase the biodiversity of existing natural and artificial plantations and enhance their aesthetic appeal.
The aim of the research is to summarize the material on the results of the introduction of European pine species in the arboretum of the Mountain Taiga Station. The rhythm of seasonal development of Pinus mugo Turra, p. hamata D. Sosn., p. pallasiana Lamb. The local species -p was taken as a control. koraiensis Siebold et Zucc.
The main climatic indicators of natural areas of pine trees are analyzed. The similarities and differences of these indicators with the climate of Primorsky Krai were revealed. Natural ranges of Pinus mugo, p. hamata., p. pallasiana. characterized by a warmer climate compared to the Primorsky Territory. Theoretically, there may be a danger of freezing of buds and shoots in these species in years with a high value of negative temperatures. However, during the observation period, we did not notice signs of freezing of buds or shoots. All three pine species, when introduced to the Primorsky Territory, may experience tension in seasonal development due to insufficient heat. This is reflected in the lengthening of the growing season in comparison with local coniferous species.
All species in the arboretum have reached reproductive age and are in good health.
Biometric parameters of pine species under conditions of introduction generally correspond to similar sizes in their natural range. The exception is narrower needles at the place of introduction near the river. mugo. The length and width of the cones of the three pine species in the arboretum are within the indicated sizes in their natural habitat. Moreover, the average length of the cones p. pallasiana under conditions of introduction is at the lower limit of fluctuations in this parameter at home. The width of the cones r. mugo – at the upper border.
The rhythm of seasonal development of introduced pines corresponds to the annual dynamics of the climate in the conditions of Primorsky Krai. Calendar dates of phenological phenomena are close to the local species p. koraiensis Siebold et Zucc. All plants complete the growing season at favorable times relative to the period with stable frosts.
The relationship between the duration of shoot growth and the size of their annual growth is not traced. The lowest growth rate is characterized by p. mugo, greatest p. koraiensis.
Pinus mugo, p. hamata., p. pallasiana can be recommended for increasing the biodiversity of recreational forests, forest parks and green areas in settlements.
SAPROBITY IDENTIFICATION OF HYDROBIONT SPECIES OF VERHNIY KABAN LAKE OF KAZAN BY 18S rRNA MARKER GENE
Authors: Sverdrup A. E. , Frolova L. L.
Published: October 2021

The paper presents the results of a study of the hypothetical evolution of unicellular hydrobionts from Verhniy Kaban Lake of Kazan by 18S rRNA marker gene with aim of identifying species saprobity based on molecular phylogenetic analysis.
Verhniy Kaban Lake is an isolated freshwater reservoir. Its coastline is relatively smooth except for the northern end, which forms swampy and overgrown bay. To the West of lake an urban settlement is situated and to the East are highway and garden plots. Lake length is about 1 km, average and maximum widths are 245 m and 370 m respectively. Deepest point is 15 m; average depth is 8 m; lake area – 25 hectares.
Quality of lake water is classified as polluted. One of methods used for ecological assessment of water reservoirs is the bioindication method based on ability of indicator species to survive in water of certain pollution degree. At present, freshwater hydrobiont species from V.Sladechek’s list (1973) are used as indicators. Indicator species lists expand very slowly due to the long process of experimental observations. At the same time, price drop of the next-generation sequencing technologies allows to identify more organisms and run molecular phylogenetic analysis with aim of identifying species saprobity based on study of hypothetic evolution of hydrobionts by marker genes including 18S rRNA. The advantage of using 18S rRNA/16S rRNA ribosomal genes is that they are present in all organisms. Ribosomal genes are ones of the most conservative genes. Therefore, the systematic position of the organism and the time of divergence with closely related species can be determined via analysis of similarities and differences in rRNA sequences.
Molecular phylogenetic trees were constructed by the neighbour joining (NJ) and maximal parsimony (MP) methods for Verhniy Kaban Lake hydrobionts identified with next-generation sequencing method (Illumina) by 18S rRNA marker gene (SRR7510986, SRR7465374, SRR7516513). Phylogenetic analysis of hydrobionts of Verhniy Kaban Lake by 18S rRNA marker gene revealed 12 clusters with a high bootstrap value
(68–100 %), containing 12 existing indicator species of hydrobionts and 13 unicellular algae and ciliates – indicator species of different saprobity that did not previously have the status of bioindicators – algae: Diplosphaera mucosa (o-b-saprobity), Mucidosphaerium pulchellum (p-a-saprobity), Dinobryon pediforme (b-mesosaprobity), Gomphoneis minuta
(b-mesosaprobity), Nitzschia amphibia (o-b-saprobity), Rhabdonema adriaticum
(o-b-saprobity), Synura mammillosa (b-o-saprobity), Cryptomonas ozolini
(b-mesosaprobity); ciliates: Astylozoon enriquesi (b-mesosaprobity), Blepharocorys curvigula (p-saprobity), Enchelys gasterosteus (p-saprobity), Monocoronella carnea
(a-b-mesosaprobity), Plagiopogon loricatus (b-a-mesosaprobity).
Most identified indicator species group near b-mesosaprobity. This indicates ecological state of Verhniy Kaban Lake as polluted by ecological assessments.
HEART RATE VARIABILITY IN HIGHLY SKILLED ORIENTEERING ATHLETES WHEN SOLVING COMPLEX MOTOR TASKS
Authors: Biryukova E. A. , Yarmolyuk N. S. , Mishin N. P. , Medjitova A. R. , Tkach E. S. , Kasyanova E. O.
Published: October 2021

Currently, the problem of improving the quality of the training process in both professional and novice athletes is a priority for experts in the medical and biological support of sports all over the world. For these purposes, various biofeedback procedures, including the method of solving specialized motor-cognitive tasks on the stabilometric platform [1], have been actively used in recent years as extra-training means to improve sports performance.
At the same time, we should note that one of the most informative biological signals that allow to judge about the change in the functional state of the body of the tested athletes in the process of sports training is the dynamics of heart rate variability (HRV) [2].
HRV analysis is widely used as a non-invasive and reliable tool for assessment of vegetative control of human cardiovascular system [3]. Numerous literature sources confirm the prospect of using this method for the purposes of sports physiology [4]
However, changes in HRV in highly qualified athletes when solving complex motor and cognitive tasks, as of today, still remain unstudied.
The aim of the present study was to assess changes in heart rate variability in highly qualified orienteering athletes when solving complex coordination tasks on biocontrol of a virtual object using a stabilometric platform ST-150.
Seven days training with biofeedback control on the stabilometric platform resulted in a significant increase of such HRV temporal indices as SDNN – by 8,9 % (p<0,01), RMSSD – by 42,3 % (p<0,05), pNN50 – by 77, 1 % (p<0.05), CV – by 25.3 % (p<0.01), as well as heart rate reduction by 10.5 % (p<0.05), which indicates an increase in functional capabilities of the athletes’ bodies, strengthening vagus effects on cardiac rhythm.
The results of geometrical analysis have shown that biofeedback according to reference reaction leads to reliable increase of values of index of mode of cardiointervals by 9,7 % and increase of variation range of histogram of cardiointervals by 21,4 % as well as decrease of values of mode amplitude by 19,2 % and tension index of regulatory systems of the body by 29,6 % (p<0,05), which testifies to improvement of adaptation possibilities of the body of tested sportsmen under the influence of this type of biocontrol.
Analysis of spectral components of heart rhythm in orientation athletes after 7-day training with biofeedback control has shown significant increase in TP by 36 %, LF – by 37,7 %, HF – by 88,2 % as well as decrease in LF/HF by 28,2 % (p<0,05), which testify to increase in general variability of heart rhythm, activation of parasympathetic regulation circuit, increase in functional capabilities and reserves of tested athletes organism.
DOSE-DEPENDENT CARDIOTROPIC EFFECTS OF ACETYLSALICYLATES
Authors: Chuyan E. N. , Mironyuk I. S. , Cheretaev I. V. , Ravaeva M. Yu. , Grishina T. V., , Ablaeva R. N.
Published: October 2021

The effect of acetylsalicylic acid and its complex compounds with the metals cobalt (Co2+), zinc (Zn2+), nickel (Ni2+) and manganese (Mn2+) at doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg on the parameters of the rat cardiorespiratory system was studied. It is shown that in the process of complexation of acetylsalicylic acid with bimetals, there is not only an increase or decrease in certain effects inherent in the precursor molecule – acetylsalicylic acid, but also the appearance of new properties, the manifestation of which is dose-dependent.
The study was carried out on the basis of the Center for collective use of scientific equipment «Experimental Physiology and Biophysics» of the Department of Human and Animal Physiology and Biophysics of the V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University.
The research of the biological effect of the acetylsalicylic acid, АСCo2+, АСZn2+, АСNi2+, АСMn2+was carried out during their intraperitoneal injection into rats in doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg. Simultaneously the following characteristics of all the groups’ animals were registered: heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). The pulse pressure (PP) was calculated on the basis of the SBP and DBP indices difference. BP, HR and RR of the rats were registered with the help of the system NIBP200A («BiopacSystems, Inc.», USA).
The experimental data obtained in our studies confirm the literature data, which show that in the process of complexation there is not only an increase or decrease in certain effects that are characteristic of precursor molecules-salicylates, but also the appearance of new properties of derived substances. This suggests that certain biological effects of salicylates may be associated with interaction with metalloenzymes.
Thus, the obtained data confirm the cardiotropic effectiveness of new coordination compounds, show the dose dependence of these effects and open up the prospects for further studies of their biological action when used repeatedly in chronic experiments.
A kora keresztény mártíromság kérdései Boudewijn Dehandschutter kutatásainak tükrében
Authors: D. Tóth Judit
Published: October 2021

The review makes an attempt to summarize the most important questions of the research on ancient Christian martyrdom, relying on the writings of professor Boudewijn Dehandschutter (Leuven), the internationally acknowledged scholar who died recently and in honour of whom a Festschrift has been published. Dehandschutter’s research focussed on Martyrium Polycarpi, a text dating back to the second century AD, which almost paradigmatically shows the most important questions of ancient Christian martyrdom, the nature of its cult and origins. The review touches upon the following questions: philology, etymology, theology, poetics and genre, various phenomena connected to the history of ideas and the cults regarding the cult of the martyrs from the beginnings to the end of the forth century AD.
Utószó
Authors: Imre Mihály
Published: October 2021

Western European scholars have widely examined early modern Protestant martyrology since the nineteenth century. German, French, English and Dutch scholars have achieved significant results by applying the cross confessional study of martyrology, a field of research denying strict disciplinary boundaries. In the context of various research projects on cultural memory (Das kulturelle Gedächtnis), recent studies on early modern martyrology have explored how martyrs were used as “sites” of religious and national memory (Erinnerungsorte, les lieux de mémoire), and how these persons were provided as “loci” for ritualized and political modes of remembrance (Erinnerungspolitik, Erinnerungskonkurrenz). This process of commemoration and oblivion also implies the fictionalization of the historical tradition, developed a Protestant culture of martyrs, and eventually created a special narrative of martyrdom. A few research projects have already started to systematically explore the construction of early modern martyrology as a mixture of different religious and national identities, with special attention to the anthropological aspects of the experience of suffering (Leidenserfahrung). The representations of early modern martyrs in several genres, stylistic registers and texts can help us to explore the reasons of their different roles in religious, national, and cultural memory.

Protestant martyrology was rejected by the members of the Catholic Church in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. This phenomenon was interpreted from a confessional perspective by Petrus Canisius, Laurentius Surius and by other Catholic authors. As a result of the persecution of Hungarian Protestants in the 1670s, several texts were written and published not only in Hungarian, but also in Latin, German, English, Dutch and French. While Hungarian researchers have not focused on early modern Protestant martyrology yet, the present volume tries to facilitate a deeper understanding of martyrdom as a cross confessional and cross-cultural phenomenon, as well as encourage further study.
Szerkesztői előszó
Authors: Berta Erzsébet
Published: October 2021

Arról beszélni, hogyan és miként uralják a képek kultúránkat legalább fél évszázada immár, nem csak a képtudományok intézményesült beszédközösségeiben számít közhelynek, hanem a kulturális közbeszédben is. Hogy a képek dominanciája a kép inflálódását, a képiség iránti érzék elcsökevényesedését hozta magával és, hogy a kép ebben az oly szívesen visual age-nek nevezett korban olyan reprezentációs- és tudásmodellekbe is beleütközött, melyek trónfosztását jelentik, arról viszont csak a képdiskurzusok kevésbé popularizálható elemzéseiben lehet olvasni.
A kép-tudomány margójára
Authors: Bacsó Béla
Published: October 2021

In der heutigen Lage der Kunstwissenschaft gibt es eine sehr lebendige Auseinandersetzung über die mögliche Verständigung des Bildes. „Why art history” war die wichtige Frage von Saxl und die Fragestellung bleibt bis heute auslegungsbedürftig. Einerseits stehen wir bis heute vor einer ausgedehnten Visualisierung der menschlichen Kultur, anderseits diese Tendenz ruft eine vielfältige und manchmal ausweglose Annäherung während der Verständigung des Erscheinenden hervor. Die Frage „Was ist ein Bild?” brachte mit sich eine wesentlich erneuerte Bildauslegung, in der mir weiterhin die hermeneutisch-phänomenologisch geprägten Auslegung bestimmend ist (Gadamer, Imdahl, Boehm). Meine kurze Darstellung erörtert die Vor- und Nachgeschichte der iconic turn und nimmt einen eindeutigen Bezug auf die Hermeneutik des Bildes.
A tér és a látvány lehetőségei a magyar esztétizmusban
Authors: Bednanics Gábor
Published: October 2021

The intersection of culture, mediality and literature is accessible by the discourse of landscape and lyrical landscape descriptions. These Modernist spatial depictions also make us understand that the media of visual arrangements are necessary for literary articulations as well. Picture and language, seeing and speaking are not opposites but they can come forth correlated. From the 19th century, it is also obvious that Romanticism made the landscape a special space for poetry by means of the new visual challenges. In my paper, I point out some Hungarian tendencies of that subject, especially in the poetry of Mihály Babits and Gyula Juhász, regarding to the Impressionist tradition.
Latin nyelvű forrásszövegek műfaji átalakulása a magyar nyelvű kódexirodalomban
Authors: Madas Edit
Published: October 2021

La quasi-totalité des codices de langue hongroise de la fin du Moyen Âge couvre les besoins spirituels des frères laïques et des religieuses qui ne maîtrisent pas le latin, et ils sont uniquement composés de traductions des oeuvres religieuses en latin. Dans le cas des textes voués à la contemplation et à l’ enseignement, l’une des caractéristiques de ces traductions est que le choix du genre n’ est nullement déterminé par le genre des oeuvres latines originales, mais par l’ objectif du traducteur ou du copiste à l’ égard du texte. Réalisé entre 1529 et 1531 dans le couvent dominicain de l’île aux Lièvres (aujourd’hui l’île Marguerite), le Codex d’ Érsekújvár, particulièrement riche et destiné à un usage aussi bien personnel que communautaire, nous en fournit un bon exemple. L’ édition critique et la numérisation du codex ont été publiées en 2012. En écrivant la préface de l’ édition nous avons réussi à identifier quelques nouvelles sources qui, arrachées à leur contexte et à leur genre d’ origine, sont passées dans notre codex, changeant ainsi de genre et s’adaptant à leur nouveau cadre. Márta Sövényházi, rédactrice et copiste proncipale du codex, nomme prédication tout enseignement qui se rattache aux fêtes de l’ année ecclésiastique, et «enseignement» tout autre traité ou prédication. Dans la présente étude nous comparons la traduction du deuxième sermon de Hugues de Saint-Cher écrit pour le quatrième dimanche de Carême à l’ original, et nous prenons en compte les éléments grâce auxquels le traducteur transpose le sermon de tempore en un «enseignement» homogène sur la pénitence.
Másolási stratégiák Enyedi György prédikációinak hagyományozódásában
Authors: Lovas Borbála
Published: October 2021

The sermon collection of György Enyedi (1555–1597), the third bishop of the Unitarian Church, is an especially large corpus representing a unique handwritten textual tradition. During the almost one hundred years of active copying, a large amount of its variants were issued. Today we mostly know copies of triacases (thirty or thirty-three sermons in one block) or selected sermons in mixed collections. They can be easily identified by the copyists’ or users’ notes. Also, even if there are damages and disorders in the structure, the beginning and the ending of the texts – without taking notice of the regular variability of synonyms or word order – are comparable and can help in identifying unnumbered and unmarked texts. In my paper I wish to introduce four new sermon variants. They can be found in Contiones vetustissimae (Romania, Cluj Napoca, Academia III., MS.U. 262.), a Unitarian codex with mixed content. Until now the first part of it, a collection of sermons in Hungarian language – mostly shortened and often edited – has been ignored. This part contains the bishop’s four sermons without identification signs. The closer examination of these new variants, in comparison with other versions can help us to understand the strategies of the copyists. Also, we can examine more precisely why and how the textual details of these sermons remained the same or changed in any way during the 17th century.
„Nem ugy vagyone dolgunk mint a’ Sidoknak?”
Authors: Gábor Csilla
Published: October 2021

The study focuses on the analysis of some texts in two manuscript volumes of preachings written by the Jesuit Márton Káldi in the first half of the 17th century. One volume is kept in the University Library Budapest, the other one in the Batthyaneum Library Gyulafehérvár (Alba Iulia, Romania). The texts contain a series of reflections connected to the the tragical contemporary events in the country (Hungary and Transylvania) compared to its glorious historical past, and this woeful historical situation is being explained with the sins committed by the members of the nation, being thus interpreted as a judgement on the sinful community. The reflections concerning the history and the recent past of the nation are based on a parallel drawn with the fate of the Jewish nation as it is indicated in the Bible.

According to this parallel, the Hungarian nation is presented as God’s chosen people, which, just like the Jews, became ungrateful and errant; and their sins enumerated in this national self-critique are identified as heresy (i.e. the different branches of Protestantism, including wounds of denominational nature) and moral decay.
Cserei hallgat…
Authors: Tóth Zsombor
Published: October 2021

This paper as a case study is an attempt at revealing some of the previously ignored, but relevant contexts related to the phenomena of reading, listening to, or assimilating early modern sermons. Due to the survival of numerous ego-documents accounting for the everyday life of an early modern individual, Mihály Cserei (1667–1756), my interperation provides a microhistorical reconstruction of those moments when Cserei was either listening to or reading Catholic and Protestant sermons. As he put down his reflections recording the hermeneutical experience of listening to or reading early modern Hungarian or Latin sermons, there is a possibility to decipher the cultural, confessional, and mental intentions, biases or prejudices shaping the act of understanding. Thus, Cserei became a modelreader immortalized in the microhistorical contexts of his life, revealing some of the unknown historical anthropological features of reading and understanding in the confessionally divided culture of the early modern era.
Debussy, Bartók, Stravinsky
Authors: Karasszon Dezső
Published: October 2021

A decisive turning point signalling the demarcation between the Romantic era and the so-called “modern music” is a symbolic date during the last year of the First World War, the day of Debussy’s death: 25th March, 1918. The Revue Musicale in Paris devoted a whole thematic issue to the significant composer as well as to the important date. The magazine’s sheet music supplement (“Tombeau de Debussy”) contained pages from his contemporaries. Béla Bartók paid his homage with a Hungarian folk song adaptation. We can approach the background against this extraordinary decision from several perspectives. What is of importance here is that his work mirrored the end of an era and the need for something new. Igor Stravinsky had a totally different attitude. He contributed to the supplement with a modern chorale which, owing to his personal methods, became one of his greatest masterpieces, the “Symphony for Wind Instruments.” After all, he, just like Bartók, also intended to set the foundations of a completely new era with its new acoustics, inspired by Debussy and his oeuvre.
Szerkesztői előszó
Authors: D. Rácz István
Published: October 2021

„Egy kultúra, két kultúra, sok kultúra” – olvashatjuk e kötet egyik írásának élén. Bár a tanulmány szerzője a kanadai konföderációról értekezik, a címben jelzett dinamikus osztódás akár a teljes angol nyelvű kultúrára is érthető. Máris helyesbítenünk kell tehát: nem beszélhetünk ma már egyetlen angol nyelvű kultúráról, csakis az ilyen kultúrák sokféleségéről. Válogatásunk – amelynek írói között a magyarországi anglisztika jól ismert és elismert képviselői éppúgy helyet kaptak, mint a tehetséges pályakezdők – ebből a sokszínűségből kínál ízelítőt a legújabb irodalom- és kultúratudományi kutatások fényében.
Egy kultúra, két kultúra, sok kultúra
Authors: T. Espák Gabriella
Published: October 2021

On the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the Canadian Confederation, this paper surveys the various visions of society Canada has lived through until recently. Monocultural, bicultural, multicultural models of political identity alternated to clash over the constitution, thereby making it impossible for Aboriginal peoples and Québécois to deliver nationalist arguments through the wall of liberal egalitarianism. The failure of the Meech Lake Accord pushed the country towards a federal and identity crisis inasmuch as it failed to reconcile the interests of national minorities with the interest of the nation as a whole within one legal framework. Continuing clashes over the constitution in the Canada-round at Charlottetown 1991-92, culminating in a failed referendum on the proposed constitutional amendment known as the Charlottetown Accord, show that inherent cleavages in the body politic have survived, so multiculturalism has only been a partial solution to a population management problem.
Pragmatizmus és megkerülés, avagy hogyan sajátította ki Richard Rorty a dekonstrukciót?
Authors: Csató Péter
Published: October 2021

Jacques Derrida and Richard Rorty are often seen as forming a philosophical kinship, on account of their shared skepticism about the metaphysical tradition and the hegemony of positivist reason. It is all the more confounding, therefore, that in Rorty’s readings of Derrida, we find a frequently recurring argument to the effect that Derrida had best withdraw from the critique of the metaphysical tradition. Metaphysical problems, Rorty explains, are obsolete, no longer relevant to the purposes of expedient inquiry, thus they ought to be circumvented rather than overcome. The statement is rather perplexing insofar as Rorty himself seems to be engaged in such critique throughout his oeuvre. In my paper, I attempt to explicate Rorty’s apparently contradictory statement on rhetorical rather than conceptual grounds. I argue that the contradiction gets resolved once we assume that introducing the notion of circumvention is a rhetorical ploy on Rorty’s part, which serves to dissociate Derrida from his (Rorty’s) own critical project, and thereby appropriate his position.
Csokonai és a többiek
Authors: Debreczeni Attila
Published: October 2021

Szilárd Borbély’s career as a literary historian began with a thesis about Csokonai, and ended with a postdoctoral work about the same poet a quarter century later. This paper gives a rough sketch about the path between these two endpoints, in a subjective manner. The first part is the overview of this thematically diverse progress, including the most relevant text editions and books. The second half of the paper offers a shot description of the remarkable characteristics of the Csokonai biography, which was edited posthumously.
Attitűd és értésmód: egy irodalmi korszakváltás alapfogalmai
Authors: S. Varga Pál
Published: October 2021

Szilárd Borbély described the periodical change in poetry at the turn of the 18th and 19th century as a ”shift in the attitude of literary texts” and as a transformation of ”literary understanding”. The turning away from the late Baroque and Classic poetry – which both followed inherited models of genre – came when the narrator received a unique identity, and the reader began to understand the text as an expression of the Self. This change can be pointed out in Sándor Kisfaludy’s cycle of poems, Kesergő szerelem (1802), which influenced the creation of Csokonai’s own cycle of love poems. The temporalization of the attitude towards the textual genre happened in the poetry of Ferenc Kölcsey. The narrators of Kölcsey’s Vanitatum vanitas and Hymnus create their identity by uniquely reflecting on the genre and dislocating the ready-made meanings. The peak of the transition is the inventive formation of history by means of poetry and language. The epic poetry of Mihály Vörösmarty structures language in a way that makes the mythical recounting of origin possible for the subject attempting to establish an identity in the past. Yet this language brought about the paradox of excluding the subjective from the expression. The concept emphasizing the formation of the attitude that reflects on the genre by language is not only a re-interpretation of 18th-19th century Hungarian poetry, but it is obviously close to the postmodern poetic method which is attributed to Halotti pompa [The Splendours of Death].
A bizalom éjszakájában
Authors: Valastyán Tamás
Published: October 2021

The configuration of faith and desperation constitutes a pattern in modernity that appears in different ethical, epistemic and aestethic contexts. I think that this pattern is outlined in the poetry and essays of Szilárd Borbély and what is more, it has essential power. We may say that the existence after the holocaust can be measured by its own relations in contrast to genocide. Existence is already a relation to genocide. In my essay I present the attempts of Borbély Szilárd to show that horrible measurement. Or more exactly: I cannot explore the characters of his deep, colourful laminated, and sometimes controversial answers; I just focus on three points: At first I present the dilemmas of dealing with the poetic life-work of Miklós Radnóti; then I discuss the polemic relation to the holocaust interpretation of Kertész Imre; and finally I try to approach the poems in A Testhez [To the Body] which derive their truth from the memory of holocaust survivors.
Meditatív nyelvi kísérletek
Authors: Áfra János
Published: October 2021

The first book of Szilárd Borbély, Adatok (1988), did not receive much attention from the readers and the critics, so it has not received any professional reviews. It is a book with eclectic genres, stylistic peculiarities and pathetic tones of the voice, that did not meet the readers’ expectations in the time of regime change. Critics of Borbély’s later books consider it an experiment. No comprehensive interpretations have been written and its place in the oeuvre has not been determined. The book is divergent at the first reading, yet this divergence is consistent. The style is often anachronistic, but the setting is full of experimental solutions, therefore the texts rely heavily on the experimental attitude of avant-garde poems. The study of the text corpus with its essayistic and lyrical details help to rehabilitate the first chapters of the lifework and to discover the topics, motifs and motivations of Borbély’s subsequent books. This essay takes a closer look at the first and only edition of Adatok, including the (essay)poems and related visual parts, the characteristics of Borbély’s first publications prior to this volume, and also the connections between Borbély’s early poems and the avant-garde.
„És amikor eljön az est…”
Authors: Papp Máté
Published: October 2021

Szilárd Borbély’s Berlin & Hamlet may raise a number of questions about the subjectivity of postmodern text creation. Berlin has a special place in the ambivalent relationship between the literary tradition evoked by the poems and the author’s unexpressed intention. All of these broaden and narrow down the range of possible interpretations of this book. The streets, statues, museums of the place called ”Urbangod” stand as the crumbling sets of the declining European culture. Parallel with this, the tools of poetry seem to peel off the disappearing character of the poet, who represents an existence without a centre. The language of the poems is a mixture of sceptical and elegic tones, while the textual world is enigmatic, fragmented and it relativizes the allegorical speech – all these give way to a number of assumptions about the lyrical self which is revealed in poetical roles, and which, at times, exposes itself. A monological dialogue stems from the implications of the hiding lyrical self and the summoned spectre, in which the distance between the speakers and the addressees is insurmountable. This distance can be partially covered by an analysis, as the author, lost in the labirynth of sounds, can only fill the space between the texts by his own absence.
„Bűzlik az ország!”
Authors: Weiss János
Published: October 2021

In the drama titled Az Olaszliszkai the author sums up the essence of our contemporary situation in a Shakespearean paraphrase: “The country stinks”. In Shakespeare’s Hamlet, a minor character utters one of the key sentences: ”Something is rotten in the state of Denmark”. Considering the consequences of “rottenness”, we can also speak of stinking. But now, not “something” stinks, the country itself has a stench – the country is Hungary at the beginning of the 21st century. Szilárd Borbély searched for the possible literary presentation of this stinking country. But what makes a country stink? That is, what can the metaphor of “stinking” hint at? Reading the novel, Nincstelenek [The Dispossessed], we tend to think that the country stinks of poverty. However, we have only shifted the question: what exactly does “human deepness” mean? How can we define its centre or rather its core? If I had to answer this question, I would point out violence first of all. The dispossessed – the poor, the small and the other – are the ones being targeted and ill-treated. The country stinks of their suffering. In this sense, “dispossession” generally features the world of the dramas, and the present paper discusses Az Olaszliszkai in this context.
A prímszámok könyve
Authors: Visy Beatrix
Published: October 2021

The self-definition of Szilárd Borbély’s only novel – limited fiction based on biographical elements – makes biographical and referential readings possible, thus we can interpret the text as the novel of 20th century poverty and traumatised childhood. However, the aspects of interpretation are concerned with the methods of fiction, the existential and metaphysical questions of the book: the child narrator’s tone offers the vision of a childhood rolling in an eternal present. This, together with the amnesia that interweaves the whole text, suggests a hopeless state of being. The feelings of otherness and solitariness, the signs of the absurdity of waiting for a Messiah and the representation of misery expand to an antrophological stance. New meanings can be attributed to the image of desperate human existence by the motif of prime numbers. The novels of Péter Esterházy, Sándor Tar and Tibor Noé Kiss are also discussed in connection with the representation of poverty and teodicea.