bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Difficulties of the nursing academics regarding the nursing care systematization applicability / Dificuldades dos acadêmicos de enfermagem na aplicabilidade da sistematização da assistência de enfermagem
Authors: Arraes Jardim Mara Julyete , Coelho Meneses Alexandra Ribeiro , Lopes de Andrade Goiabeira Yara Nayá , Menezes Elielza Guerreiro , Santana Lima Alice Bianca , Neto Manoel Luiz
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Identificar as dificuldades dos acadêmicos de enfermagem na aplicabilidade da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem. Métodos: Estudo do tipo analítico transversal, realizada com discentes do curso de graduação em Enfermagem, no período de agosto a outubro de 2014. Para análise, foi realizado cálculo das frequências e percentuais estatísticos. O estudo foi aprovado pelo CEP da Universidade do Estado do Amazonas sob Nº CAAE 36848914.0.0000.5016. Resultados: Dentre os 66 participantes, 52 (78,8%) afirmam que a SAE é utilizada nos campos de estágio e que possuem dificuldade em desenvolver as etapas do Processo de Enfermagem, principalmente, o Diagnóstico de Enfermagem 31 (47%) e prescrição de enfermagem 21 (31,8%). Além disso, os discentes reconhecem a importância da SAE para o estabelecimento de metas e como ferramenta para o cuidar. Conclusão: os acadêmicos de enfermagem têm encontrado dificuldade na aplicação no processo de enfermagem como instrumento de trabalho.
Infections in temporary access for hemodialysis in chronic renal failure patients / Infecção em acesso temporário para hemodiálise em pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica
Authors: Reisdorfer Arion Saraiva , Giugliani Roberto , Gouveia Viviane de Araújo , Dos Santos Emmanuela Kethully Mota , Da Silva José Jairo Teixeira
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar a ocorrência de infecções em pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica em uso do cateter temporário duplo-lúmen (CTDL).  Métodos: Estudo prospectivo ou de seguimento, realizado em uma Clínica de Nefrologia, em Recife (PE), Brasil, entre os meses de janeiro de 2009 a dezembro de 2010.  A coleta foi realizada através da avaliação clínica e de prontuários de 88 pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica (IRC), em tratamento hemodialítico. Os dados foram analisados através da quantificação das variáveis contidas no instrumento de coleta. Resultados: A infecção do sítio de inserção do cateter ocorreu em 52,3%, dos pacientes e em 47,7%, foi verificado a infecção da corrente sanguínea associada ao cateter.  Conclusão: É primordial a conscientização da equipe de saúde em relação aos cuidados na implantação e manipulação do catéter. As condições de higiene do paciente contribuem com processos infecciosos, sendo assim, precisam ser informados sobre os riscos de infecção.
Public policies for the older carriers of Alzheimer’s evil / Políticas públicas para os idosos portadores do mal de Alzheimer
Authors: Fagundes Angelica , Lima Janice Lima , Andrade Gustavo Baade , Yasin Janaina Cassana Mello , Gutierres Evilin Diniz , Pelzer Marlene Teda
Published: May 2021

RESUMO: Objetivo: Conhecer e analisar a produção científica no período de 2011 à 2016 sobre as políticas públicas para os idosos portadores do mal de Alzheimer. Método: O estudo caracteriza-se como pesquisa exploratória, descritiva com abordagem quantitativa, realizado através do método da revisão integrativa. Resultados: Embora a DA seja uma doença progressiva e incurável, muito já se avançou em benefício do idoso portador, como a criação de instrumentos de avaliação e de critérios diagnósticos mais claros, medicações que melhoram a cognição e diminuem a incidência de mudanças comportamentais e a criação de leis e portarias governamentais que dispõem especificamente dos direitos da pessoa idosa com a Doença de Alzheimer. Conclusão: O conhecimento acerca dos direitos dos pacientes portadores da Doença de Alzheimer é de suma importância para promoção da saúde e manutenção da vida dessas pessoas.
Service of nursing in intracranial pressure monitoring in patients neurocríticos / Assistência de enfermagem na monitorização da pressão intracraniana em pacientes neurocríticos
Authors: Assunção Ribeiro Kaiomakx Renato , Silva Lima Maria Luzia , Alves Ferreira Gonçalves Fernanda , Borges Maria Madalena , Nascimento Guimarães Nilza
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Identificar por meio da literatura as intervenções de enfermagem na monitorização da pressão intracraniana em pacientes neurocríticos. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura com busca dos artigos nas bases de dados SciELO, LILACS e PUBMED. Os artigos selecionados foram publicados entre os anos de 2007 e 2017. Resultados: Foram encontrados 94 artigos e excluídos 78 conforme critérios de inclusão. Assim 16 artigos foram usados nesta revisão. Estes apontaram que a monitorização neurológica pode ser realizada de maneira invasiva e não invasiva. Entre os métodos invasivos está a monitorização da pressão intracraniana, sendo o enfermeiro, responsável direto neste cuidado. Assim, cuidados como a elevação da cabeceira, cuidados com aspiração traqueal, cuidados com hipoxemia, coordenação e gerenciamento no cuidados de enfermagem dentre outros devem fazer parte da assistência de enfermagem. Conclusão: Os cuidados de enfermagem são indispensáveis para o paciente neurocrítico. Estes cuidados contribuem tanto para evolução positiva quanto negativa desses pacientes.
Contributions of Better Childhood for growth and child development in family perception / Contribuições da Primeira Infância Melhor para o crescimento e desenvolvimento infantil na percepção das famílias
Authors: Santos dos Santos Gabrieli , Machado Pieszak Greice , Calcagno Gomes Giovana , Baldicera Biazus, Camila , De Oliveira Silva Silvana
Published: May 2021

RESUMO: Objetivo: conhecer as percepções das famílias atendidas pelo Primeira Infância Melhor acerca de suas repercussões no crescimento e desenvolvimento infantil e no cuidado familial das crianças. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo realizado no domicílio de 15 famílias. Os dados foram coletados por entrevistas semiestruturadas em setembro de 2016 seguida da análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: identificaram que crescer e se desenvolver são processos que ocorrem em conjunto, reconheceram o apoio dos visitadores, que situações de vulnerabilidade e a troca constante dos visitadores interferem negativamente no crescimento e desenvolvimento infantil, que o programa oportuniza a construção do aprendizado e fortalecimento de um cuidado familial efetivo. Conclusão: Recomenda-se que a enfermagem esteja incluída junto à equipe interdisciplinar, e que o Primeira Infância Melhor seja visualizado na atenção primária como uma estratégia capaz de fortalecer a promoção da saúde e a integralidade do cuidado à criança e sua família.
Research data management: a necessary demand for new knowledge creation / Gestão de dados de pesquisa: uma demanda necessária para a geração de novos conhecimentos
Authors: Henning Patrícia Coorêa
Published: May 2021

A abertura, compartilhamento e reuso dos dados de pesquisa são práticas recorrentes nas discussões contemporâneas da ciência de dados, em todo o mundo. A importância dessas temáticas ocorre não apenas por dar maior transparência e visibilidade as pesquisas financiadas com recursos públicos, mas principalmente, pelo leque de opções que se abre para a geração de novos recursos informacionais, contribuindo fortemente para o avanço da ciência.No Brasil, essa discussão nasce nas universidades e institutos de pesquisa sendo necessária sua adesão à filosofia da Ciência Aberta que visa, entre diversas práticas, o acesso aberto à informação cientifica e aos dados de pesquisa. Além disso, busca promover ações colaborativas que incentivem o compartilhamento e reuso dos dados entre os pesquisadores.No entanto, devido as características inerentes aos dados das diferentes áreas do conhecimento, além da necessidade de tratá-los e guardá-los por um longo prazo, se faz indispensável repensar quais as melhores práticas de gestão de dados que deverão ser adotadas. Segundo Henning et al (2018) “Esta gestão deve promover a identificação de princípios teóricos que apoiem os processos de organização, significação e recuperação, dando coerência, com o desenvolvimento de normas e métricas de apoio.”
Co-infection in hiv/aids-bearing people from a specialized care service of the interior region of maranhão state / Coinfecção em portadores de hiv/aids de um serviço de atendimento especializado do interior maranhense
Authors: Galvão Jainara Maria Vieira , Vieira Francilene de Sousa , Galvão Jaime Vieira , Da Costa Ana Carla Marques
Published: May 2021

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar a ocorrência de coinfecções em portadores de HIV em um Serviço de Atendimento Especializado do Interior maranhense. METÓDOS: Pesquisa de campo, quantitativa, transversal, retrospectiva e do tipo documental, constituída por 390 prontuários compreendidos no período de 2005 a 2014, analisados através do programa estatístico SPSS 21.0. RESULTADOS: As coinfecções mais prevalentes foram às doenças que atingem pele e mucosas, dermatite persistente inespecífica 41 (14,6%), candidíase oral 32 (11,4%) e escabiose 27 (9,7%), cujo aparecimento ocorre em até três anos após diagnostico de HIV, quando os níveis de CD4 e carga viral nas PVHA apresentaram carga viral menor que 10.000mm³ e CD4 de 200 a 499mm³.CONCLUSÃO: O aparecimento das coinfecções está intimamente ligado àquelas pessoas com baixo nível de escolaridade e quase 100% dos pacientes adquiriram outra infecção com até três anos após diagnostico de HIV.
Calgary Model in The Nursing Framework: An Integrative Literature Review / Modelo Calgary no Âmbito da Enfermagem: Revisão Integrativa da Literatura
Authors: Costa Thaíza Ferreira da , Batista Patrícia Serpa de Souza , Oliveira Amanda Maritsa De Magalhães , Lima Débora Rodrigues Alves de , Oliveira Thaís Costa de , Batista Jaqueline Brito Vidal
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Caracterizar a produção científica acerca da aplicação do Modelo Calgary de Avaliação Familiar, publicada em periódicos on-line da área de enfermagem. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada na BVS, Portal CAPES e PUBMED, cuja amostra correspondeu a 18 artigos publicados entre 2014 e 2019. Os dados foram coletados nos meses de agosto e setembro de 2019. Resultados: A maior concentração de publicações ocorreu nos anos de 2018 e 2017, com 4 (22,2%) publicações em cada ano. Com relação à abordagem dos estudos, predominaram os qualitativos, com 15 (83,3%) artigos. Quanto à modalidade das publicações, destaca-se os estudos originais. Conclusão: Os resultados revelaram que a produção científica investigada se destaca como uma temática relevante e vem gradativamente apresentando uma expansão no campo da enfermagem.
Palliative Care in Adult Intensive Care Units: A Bibliometric Study in Medical Research Journals / Cuidados Paliativos em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Adulto: Estudo Bibliométrico em Periódicos da Área Médica
Authors: Tavares Madson Mariz
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Investigar a produção científica na área médica acerca dos cuidados paliativos na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de público adulto. Métodos: Estudo bibliométrico, constituído por 318 artigos pesquisados na biblioteca eletrônica Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), nas bases de dados da Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) e da Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) através da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Resultados: Identificaram-se artigos relacionados aos cuidados paliativos na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, nos últimos 20 anos, predominando trabalhos publicados nos Estados Unidos, seguidos pelo Brasil, em periódicos de alto nível de impacto. Conclusão: A produção científica sobre o tema tem crescido linearmente, notadamente nos últimos 10 anos, com predominância na língua inglesa e produzido por universidades americanas.
The Decision-Making Process For Nutritional Support in Palliative Care According to Bioethics: An Integrative Literature Review / Tomada de Decisão Para Suporte Nutricional nos Cuidados Paliativos à Luz da Bioética: Revisão Integrativa
Authors: Barbosa Janine Maciel , Cabral Caroline Sousa , Cézar de Carvalho Adriana Gomes , Barbosa de Moura Raquel Bezerra , Araújo Renan Gondim , Pereira Melo Ângelo Brito
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Investigar a produção científica acerca da tomada de decisão para suporte nutricional (SN) em cuidados paliativos (CP) à luz da bioética. Métodos: Revisão integrativa da literatura, com coleta de dados em maio de 2009, nas bases de dados MEDLINE/PubMed, LILACS, SciELO e BVS-Bireme. Resultados: após análise dos 14 estudos selecionados, considerou-se três temáticas: (I) Princípios da bioética no contexto da nutrição; (II) Nutrição como dilema bioético; (III) Abordagens para a resolução de dilemas bioéticos em nutrição. Conclusão: para tomada de decisão no SN em pacientes em CP, o foco deve ser o cuidado centrado no paciente sob os pilares da autonomia, beneficência, não maleficência e justiça. O respeito à autonomia garante ao paciente que ele receba o tratamento conforme o seu desejo; e o respeito aos princípios da beneficência e da não maleficência oportunizam cuidados aos pacientes que visem à qualidade de vida e à manutenção da dignidade humana.
Unveiling mutational dynamics in non‐small cell lung cancer patients by quantitative EGFR profiling in vesicular RNA
Authors: Pasini Luigi , Notarangelo Michela , Vagheggini Alessandro , Burgio Marco Angelo , Crinò Lucio , Chiadini Elisa , Prochowski Andrea Iamurri , Delmonte Angelo , Ulivi Paola , D'Agostino Vito Giuseppe
Published: May 2021

The mutational status of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) guides the stratification of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients for treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). A liquid biopsy test on cell‐free DNA is recommended as a clinical decision‐supporting tool, although it has limited sensitivity. Here, we comparatively investigated the extracellular vesicle (EV)‐RNA as an independent source for multidimensional and longitudinal EGFR profiling in a cohort of 27 NSCLC patients. We introduced and validated a new rapid, highly specific EV‐RNA test with wild‐type (WT) and mutant‐sensitive probes (E746‐A750del, L858R, and T790M). We included a cohort of 20 NSCLC patients with EGFR WT tumor tissues and systematically performed molecular EV‐RNA and circulating tumor DNA analyses with clinical data statistics and biophysical profiles of EVs. At the single‐patient level, we detected variegated tumor heterogeneity dynamics supported by combinations of driver EGFR mutations. EV‐RNA‐based mutation analysis showed an unprecedented sensitivity of over 90%. The resistance‐associated mutation T790M frequently pre‐existed at baseline with a gained EV‐transcript copy number at progression, while the general mutational burden was mostly decreasing during the intermediate follow‐up. The biophysical profile of EVs and the quantitative assessment of T790M revealed an association with tumor size determined by the sum of the longest diameters in target lesions. Vesicular RNA provides a validated tool suitable for use in clinical practice to investigate the dynamics of common driver EGFR mutations in NSCLC patients receiving TKIs.
GGC repeat expansions in NOTCH2NLC causing a phenotype of distal motor neuropathy and myopathy
Authors: Yu Jiaxi , Luan Xing‐hua , Yu Meng , Zhang Wei , Lv He , Cao Li , Meng Lingchao , Zhu Min , Zhou Binbin , Wu Xiao‐rong , Li Pidong , Gang Qiang , Liu Jing , Shi Xin , Liang Wei , Jia Zhirong , Yao Sheng , Yuan Yun , Deng Jianwen , Hong Daojun , Wang Zhaoxia
Published: May 2021

Background

The expansion of GGC repeat in the 5' untranslated region of the NOTCH2NLC has been associated with various neurogenerative disorders of the central nervous system and, more recently, oculopharyngodistal myopathy. This study aimed to report patients with distal weakness with both neuropathic and myopathic features on electrophysiology and pathology who present GGC repeat expansions in the NOTCH2NLC.

Methods

Whole‐exome sequencing (WES) and long‐read sequencing were implemented to identify the candidate genes. In addition, the available clinical data and the pathological changes associated with peripheral nerve and muscle biopsies were reviewed and studied.

Results

We identified and validated GGC repeat expansions of NOTCH2NLC in three unrelated patients who presented with progressive weakness predominantly affecting distal lower limb muscles, following negative results in an initial WES. We found intranuclear inclusions with multiple proteins deposits in the nuclei of both myofibers and Schwann cells. The clinical features of these patients are compatible with the diagnosis of distal motor neuropathy and rimmed vacuolar myopathy.

Interpretation

These phenotypes enrich the class of features associated with NOTCH2NLC‐related repeat expansion disorders (NRED), and provide further evidence that the neurological symptoms of NRED include not only brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves damage, but also myopathy, and that overlapping symptoms might exist.
In Vitro Models for Studying Respiratory Host–Pathogen Interactions
Authors: Barron Sarah L. , Saez Janire , Owens Róisín M.
Published: May 2021

Respiratory diseases and lower respiratory tract infections are among the leading cause of death worldwide and, especially given the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 pandemic, are of high and prevalent socio‐economic importance. In vitro models, which accurately represent the lung microenvironment, are of increasing significance given the ethical concerns around animal work and the lack of translation to human disease, as well as the lengthy time to market and the attrition rates associated with clinical trials. This review gives an overview of the biological and immunological components involved in regulating the respiratory epithelium system in health, disease, and infection. The evolution from 2D to 3D cell biology and to more advanced technological integrated models for studying respiratory host–pathogen interactions are reviewed and provide a reference point for understanding the in vitro modeling requirements. Finally, the current limitations and future perspectives for advancing this field are presented.
Design Parameters for Ionic Liquid–Molecular Solvent Blend Electrolytes to Enable Stable Li Metal Cycling Within Li–O2 Batteries
Authors: Neale Alex R. , Sharpe Ryan , Yeandel Stephen R. , Yen Chih‐Han , Luzyanin Konstantin V. , Goddard Pooja , Petrucco Enrico A. , Hardwick Laurence J.
Published: May 2021

Effective utilization of Li‐metal electrodes is vital for maximizing the specific energy of lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) batteries. Many conventional electrolytes that support Li–O2 cathode processes (e.g., dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO) are incompatible with Li‐metal. Here, a wide range of ternary solutions based on solvent, salt, and ionic liquid (IL) are explored to understand how formulations may be tailored to enhance stability and performance of DMSO at Li‐metal electrodes. The optimized formulations therein facilitate stable Li plating/stripping performances, Columbic efficiencies >94%, and improved performance in Li–O2 full cells. Characterization of Li surfaces reveals the suppression of dendritic deposition and corrosion and the modulation of decomposition reactions at the interface within optimized formulations. These observations are correlated with spectroscopic characterization and simulation of local solvation environments, indicating the persistent importance of DMSO–Li+‐cation interactions. Therein, stabilization remains dependent on important molar ratios in solution and the 4:1 solvent‐salt ratio, corresponding to ideal coordination spheres in these systems, is revealed as critical for these ternary formulations. Importantly, introducing this stable, non‐volatile IL has negligible disrupting effects on the critical stabilizing interactions between Li+ and DMSO and, thus, may be carefully introduced to tailor other key electrolyte properties for Li–O2 cells.
Operationally Stable Perovskite Light Emitting Diodes with High Radiance
Authors: Elkhouly Karim , Goldberg Iakov , Boyen Hans‐Gerd , Franquet Alexis , Spampinato Valentina , Ke Tung‐Huei , Gehlhaar Robert , Genoe Jan , Hofkens Johan , Heremans Paul , Qiu Weiming
Published: May 2021

Although perovskite light emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have shown fast advances in external quantum efficiency (EQE), their operational stability is still low compared to other LED devices. Here, stable PeLEDs are demonstrated with high radiance primarily by using 6,6′‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and magnesium‐doped Zinc oxide (ZnMgO) injection layers to reduce the driving voltage. Through different characterizations, it is revealed that the use of PCBM/ZnMgO electron injection layer can effectively mitigate Joule heating, block the migration of Al electrode towards perovskite layer as well as avoid the breakdown of main perovskite crystal structure under prolonged operation. Combining the PCBM/ZnMgO electron injection layer with a formamidinium‐based perovskite light emitter, the optimal device shows an EQE of 11.4% at 330 mA cm−2 and a radiance of 399 W Sr−1 m−2 at 3.1 V. The device remains above 50% of the maximum performance after operating for 525 and 118 h at constant current densities of 50 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively. Thus, this work presents a substantial improvement in the stability of PeLEDs and the methods to consolidate this progress even further.
Three‐dimensional‐printed holistic reactors with fractal structure for heterogeneous reaction
Authors: Sun Xueyan , Wang Zhigang , Li Chong , Zhang Lijing , Yang Wenbo , Tao Shengyang
Published: May 2021

Holistic catalytic reactors with fractal structures have attracted growing attention in heterogeneous reactions because of their advantages of improved mass transfer and easy separation. Herein, a cost‐efficient and straightforward design strategy that combined three‐dimensional printing and electroless deposition was presented to construct dynamic, holistic stirred reactors with the fractal structure. The conversion factor α of the fractal impeller is 65.01 mmol m−2 h−1 with a large volume of reactant (80 ml), which is 1.7 times that of the normal impeller with the same loading of Ag catalysts. Experimental results and simulation analysis demonstrate that the fractal impeller significantly improves the catalytic performance by enhancing mass transfer and spatial dispersion in the reaction. Moreover, the holistic impeller could be reused 10 times without obvious loss of catalytic performance, and easily separated from the reaction system. The structural design of fractal reactors will open the way for high‐efficiency dynamic heterogeneous catalytic reactors.
Electrophilic Aminating Agents in Total Synthesis
Authors: O'Neil Lauren G. , Bower John F.
Published: May 2021

Classical amination methods involve the reaction of a nitrogen nucleophile with an electrophilic carbon center; however, in recent years, umpoled strategies have gained traction where the nitrogen source acts as an electrophile. A wide range of electrophilic aminating agents are now available, and these underpin a range of powerful C−N bond‐forming processes. In this Review, we highlight the strategic use of electrophilic aminating agents in total synthesis.
Small Exciton Binding Energies Enabling Direct Charge Photogeneration Towards Low‐Driving‐Force Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zhu Lingyun , Zhang Jianqi , Guo Yuan , Yang Chen , Yi Yuanping , Wei Zhixiang
Published: May 2021

Organic solar cells (OSCs) with nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) exhibit efficient charge generation under small interfacial energy offsets, leading to over 18 % efficiency for the single‐junction devices based on the state‐of‐the‐art NFA of Y6. Herein, to reveal the underlying charge generation mechanisms, we have investigated the exciton binding energy (Eb) in Y6 by a joint theoretical and experimental study. The results show that owing to strong charge polarization effects, Y6 has remarkable small Eb of −0.11–0.15 eV, which is even lower than perovskites in many cases. Moreover, it is peculiar that the photoluminescence is enhanced with temperature, and the energy barrier for separating excitons into charges is evidently lower than the thermal energy according to the temperature dependence of photoluminescence, manifesting direct photogeneration of charge carriers enabled by weak Eb in Y6. Thus, charge generation in NFA‐based OSCs shows little dependence on interfacial driving forces.
A Fully Coplanar Donor–Acceptor Polymeric Semiconductor with Promoted Charge Separation Kinetics for Photochemistry
Authors: Lan Zhi‐An , Wu Meng , Fang Zhongpu , Chi Xu , Chen Xiong , Zhang Yongfan , Wang Xinchen
Published: May 2021

Charge generation and separation are regarded as the major constraints limiting the photocatalytic activity of polymeric photocatalysts. Herein, two new linear polyarylether‐based polymers (PAE–CPs) with distinct linking patterns between their donor and acceptor motifs were tailor‐made to investigate the influence of different linking patterns on the charge generation and separation process. Theoretical and experimental results revealed that compared to the traditional single‐stranded linker, the double‐stranded linking pattern strengthens donor–acceptor interactions in PAE–CPs and generates a coplanar structure, facilitating charge generation and separation, and enabling red‐shifted light absorption. With these prominent advantages, the PAE–CP interlinked with a double‐stranded linker exhibits markedly enhanced photocatalytic activity compared to that of its single‐strand‐linked analogue. Such findings can facilitate the rational design and modification of organic semiconductors for charge‐induced reactions.
General Synthesis of Ordered Mesoporous Carbonaceous Hybrid Nanostructures with Molecularly Dispersed Polyoxometallates
Authors: Chen Chunhong , Mao Shanjun , Tan Chaoliang , Wang Zhe , Ge Yiyao , Ma Qinglang , Zhang Xiao , Qi Guodong , Xu Jun , Fan Zhanxi , Wang Yong
Published: May 2021

Hybrid nanomaterials with controlled dimensions, intriguing components and ordered structures have attracted significant attention in nanoscience and technology. Herein, we report a facile and green polyoxometallate (POM)‐assisted hydrothermal carbonization strategy for synthesis of carbonaceous hybrid nanomaterials with molecularly dispersed POMs and ordered mesopores. By using various polyoxometallates such as ammonium phosphomolybdate, silicotungstic acid, and phosphotungstic acid, our approach can be generalized to synthesize ordered mesoporous hybrid nanostructures with diverse compositions and morphologies (nanosheet‐assembled hierarchical architectures, nanospheres, and nanorods). Moreover, the ordered mesoporous nanosheet‐assembled hierarchical hybrids with molecularly dispersed POMs exhibit remarkable catalytic activity toward the dehydration of tert‐butanol with the high isobutene selectivity (100 %) and long‐term catalytic durability (80 h).
Emulation practices for software preservation in libraries, archives, and museums
Authors: Acker Amelia
Published: May 2021

Emulation practices are computational, technical processes that allow for one system to reproduce the functions and results of another. This article reports on findings from research following three small teams of information professionals as they implemented emulation practices into their digital preservation programs at a technology museum, a university research library, and a university research archive and technology lab. Results suggest that the distributed teams in this cohort of preservationists have developed different emulation practices for particular kinds of “emulation encounters” in supporting different types of access. I discuss the implications of these findings for digital preservation research and emulation initiatives providing access to software or software‐dependent objects, showing how implications of these findings have significance for those developing software preservation workflows and building emulation capacities. These findings suggest that different emulation practices for preservation, research access, and exhibition undertaken in libraries, archives, and museums result in different forms of access to preserved software—accessing information and experiential access. In examining particular types of access, this research calls into question software emulation as a single, static preservation strategy for information institutions and challenges researchers to examine new forms of access and descriptive representation emerging from these digital preservation strategies.
Bipartite containment for linear multi‐agent systems subject to unknown exogenous disturbances
Authors: Wang Li , Han Tao , Zhan Xi‐Sheng , Wu Jie , Yan Huaicheng
Published: May 2021

This study concentrates on the bipartite containment of multi‐agent systems (MASs) in signed communication topology with antagonistic interactions. Different from the subsistent related works, disturbances generated from exogenous systems are considered, and an observer‐based approach is developed to estimate them. Two distributed disturbance‐observer‐based controllers are accordingly designed via full state‐feedback control and dynamic output‐feedback control. By utilizing stability theories and other mathematical analyses, sufficient criteria are established to reach asymptotic bipartite containment control. Finally, simulations are used to certify the effectiveness and correctness of theoretical results.
Experimentelle Untersuchungen zum horizontalen Lastabtrag in aussteifenden Strohballenwänden
Authors: Taube Christopher , Timmler Hans‐Georg , Hoppe Florian , Morgenthal Guido
Published: May 2021

Strohballen als landwirtschaftliches Nebenprodukt bestehen aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen, sind regional verfügbar, besitzen ausgezeichnete Dämmeigenschaften und können in hochverdichteter Form großen Beanspruchungen standhalten. Als lasttragende Elemente in Gebäuden des Wohn‐ und Gesellschaftsbaus sowie in landwirtschaftlichen Nutzbauten können sie zu einer Antwort auf die gestiegene Nachfrage nach ökologisch nachhaltigen Lösungen im Bauwesen beitragen. Während der vertikale Lastabtrag bereits Gegenstand mehrerer Forschungsarbeiten war, sind viele Fragen zur aussteifenden Wirkung von Strohwänden gegenüber Horizontallasten noch nicht geklärt. Als Grundlage für die Erarbeitung von Berechnungsmodellen zur realitätsnahen Abbildung des Last‐Verformungsverhaltens sowie zur Definition von Versagenszuständen und Grenzwiderständen ist eine solide experimentelle Datenbasis unerlässlich. In diesem Aufsatz werden Planung, Durchführung und Auswertung experimenteller Versuche zum horizontalen Lastabtrag in Wänden aus hochverdichteten Strohballen vorgestellt. Ziel der Untersuchungen ist ein besseres Verständnis des Last‐Verformungsverhaltens von in der Ebene belasteten Strohwänden. Die Auswertung basiert dabei auf dem Einsatz klassischer mechanischer sowie moderner optischer Messmethoden. Da die Untersuchung des Reibungsverbunds und des Einflusses von Auflasten im Mittelpunkt des Interesses steht, wird dabei bewusst auf den Einsatz mechanischer Verbundmittel verzichtet.
Sorting or mixing? Multi‐track and single‐track schools and social inequalities in a differentiated educational system
Authors: van de Werfhorst Herman G.
Published: May 2021

In the Dutch stratified secondary educational system, schools vary in how many tracks are offered. While the tendency in the Netherlands is for schools to become smaller, a relevant policy question is whether multi‐track school settings promote equality of educational opportunity. Comparing single‐track schools at the pre‐university and pre‐vocational levels with multi‐track schools offering the same exams, and using relative geographical distance as an instrument of school choice, the analyses showed that single‐track pre‐university schools enhance the probability of obtaining a pre‐university diploma without delay, but more strongly so for students from disadvantaged backgrounds (who have a lower chance of going to such schools). The single‐track pre‐vocational schools were associated with a lower likelihood of achieving a diploma at a level higher than pre‐vocational education. Multi‐track schools within a varied system will not automatically enhance equal opportunities, as middle‐class children will also benefit from the additional options that multi‐track schools provide.
Social inequalities in early childhood competences, and the relative role of social and emotional versus cognitive skills in predicting adult outcomes
Authors: Schoon Ingrid , Nasim Bilal , Cook Rose
Published: May 2021

This study draws on the nationally representative British Birth Cohort Study (BCS70) to examine (1) the association between social background and early socio‐emotional and cognitive competences at age 5 and (2) the relative and independent contributions of early socio‐emotional and cognitive competences to educational and socio‐economic attainment in adulthood. A multi‐dimensional (multiple exposure, multiple outcome) approach is adopted in conceptualising social background, childhood competences and adult outcomes by age 42. Indicators of social background include parental education, social class, employment status, family income, as well as home ownership, enabling us to test which aspects of socio‐economic risk uniquely influence the development of early competences. Indicators of childhood competences include directly assessed cognitive competences (i.e. verbal and visual motor skills), while measures of socio‐emotional competences include hyperactivity, good conduct, emotional health and social skills, reported by the child’s mother at age 5. Adult outcomes include highest qualifications, social class and household income by age 42. The findings suggest that multiple indicators of social background are associated with both socio‐emotional and cognitive competences, although the associations with socio‐emotional competences are less strong than those with cognitive competences. We find significant long‐term predictive effects of early cognitive skills on adult outcomes, but also independent effects of socio‐emotional competences, in particular self‐regulation, over and above the role of family background. The study supports calls for early interventions aiming to reduce family socio‐economic risk exposure and supporting the development of cognitive skills and self‐regulation (i.e. reducing hyperactivity and conduct problems).
Monocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of stroke‐associated pneumonia: A retrospective study‐based investigation
Authors: Cao Feng , Wan Yu , Lei Chunyan , Zhong LianMei , Lei HongTao , Sun Haimei , Zhong Xing , Xiao YaDan
Published: May 2021

Background and purpose

Early prediction of stroke‐associated pneumonia (SAP) is significant in clinical practice, as it is frequently challenging due to delays in typical clinical manifestations and radiological changes. The monocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (MLR) has been proposed as an indicator of systemic inflammation and infection. However, none of these studies have focused on the predictive value of the MLR for SAP. We investigated the predictive value of MLR for SAP and investigated its relationship with disease severity.

Methods

In this retrospective study, we assessed 399 consecutive patients with acute stroke. SAP was defined according to the modified Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. The severity of pneumonia was rated using the pneumonia severity index (PSI). MLR was calculated by dividing absolute monocyte counts by absolute lymphocyte counts.

Results

Among all the patients, SAP occurred in 116 patients (29.1%). White blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, monocyte, and MLR levels in the SAP group were higher than those in the non‐SAP group, while lymphocyte levels were lower (p < .05). Multivariable regression analysis revealed that the MLR (OR = 7.177; 95% CI = 1.190–43.292, p = .032) remained significant after adjusting for confounders. The ROC curve showed that the AUC value of MLR for SAP was 0.779, the optimal cutoff value of MLR for SAP was 0.388, with a specificity of 64.7% and sensitivity of 81.3%. The MLR levels were significantly higher in the severe pneumonia group when assessed by PSI (p = .024) than in the mild group. The AUC value of MLR was 0.622 (95% CI = 0.520–0.724, p = .024) in the severe pneumonia group. The optimal cutoff value of MLR was 0.750, with a specificity of 91.0% and a sensitivity of 33.0%.

Conclusions

Our study shows that a high MLR is an independent risk factor for SAP and has a predictive value for severe pneumonia in patients with SAP.
Program development using intervention mapping in primary healthcare settings to address elder abuse: A randomized controlled pilot study
Authors: Oveisi Sonia , Stein LAR , Olfati Forozan , Jahed Shima
Published: May 2021

Background

Abuse of elderly women is of great concern and yet relatively little is known about interventions.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to develop and test a culturally informed treatment, based on Intervention Mapping (IM), for primary healthcare settings. The intervention targets family members of elderly women and seeks to reduce elder abuse.

Methods

N = 80 family members of elderly women were randomized to intervention or control. Elderly women completed assessment prior to randomization. Elder abuse was measured by self‐reported frequency of neglect, physical, psychological, and financial abuse in the last 2 months across 16 items. Intervention included 4 sessions, each under 1 hr. At 2‐month follow‐up, elderly women completed an assessment. Linear mixed modeling was used for analyses.

Results

Significant reduction in frequency of psychological abuse and neglect was found in comparison to control, with trend effects for financial abuse (F = 127.12, p < .005; F = 95.4; p < .005; and F = 16.53, p < .07, respectively). Physical abuse was infrequent.

Conclusion

This culturally tailored intervention reduced elder abuse. Given its basis in IM, it is well‐positioned for roll‐out and testing in a larger randomized trial to study adoption, implementation, and sustainability in practice settings.
Atrial cardiopathy in embolic stroke of undetermined source
Authors: Chen Jing , Gao Fenglian , Liu Wenhong
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Atrial cardiopathy is one of the most common potential sources of thromboembolism for embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS). The study aims to investigate the incidence of atrial cardiopathy (defined by severe left atrial enlargement (sLAE) or elevated serum N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) > 250 pg/ml) in patients with ESUS and compare with other stroke subtypes.

Methods

We retrospectively collected data of 936 consecutive patients with diffusion‐weighted imaging‐confirmed acute ischemic stroke. The incidence of atrial cardiopathy was examined in ESUS, large artery atherosclerosis (LAA), and small vessel disease (SVD) strokes. Clinical characteristics were compared between ESUS patients with atrial cardiopathy (AC‐ESUS) and patients with atrial fibrillation‐induced cardioembolism (AF‐CE) stroke.

Results

245 patients were diagnosed with ESUS, while others were diagnosed with LAA (n = 312), SVD (n = 258), and AF‐CE (n = 121) strokes. The incidence of sLAE in ESUS patients was higher than in LAA or SVD group (5.3% vs. 1.6% and 1.2%, respectively, p = .005) and higher than in combined LAA/SVD group (5.3% vs. 1.4%, p = .001). The incidence of elevated serum NT‐proBNP in ESUS patients was not statistically different from that in LAA or SVD group. Compared with patients with AF‐CE stroke, AC‐ESUS patients had milder manifestations, had less hemorrhagic transformation, had better short‐term outcome, and had fewer in‐hospital complications.

Conclusions

The incidence of sLAE was higher in ESUS patients than in patients with noncardioembolic strokes. AC‐ESUS was milder when compared to AF‐CE stroke.
Therapists' experiences of providing online counselling: A qualitative study
Authors: Smith Jonell , Gillon Ewan
Published: May 2021

Technology‐delivered psychological interventions, particularly online and telephonic counselling, have flourished in recent years, with the need for such a flexible delivery method increasing due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. While empirical research on technology‐delivered psychological interventions is limited, findings indicate that therapists have a positive attitude towards online counselling. There is a particular lack of research on therapists' perceptions and experiences of using technology‐delivered interventions. The primary aim of this study was to explore therapists' experiences of providing online counselling, thereby gaining insight into the therapeutic experience, processes and efficacy from the therapists' perspective. Data were collected through semi‐structured interviews with five therapists, registered with organisations providing professional counselling and psychotherapy, with experience of providing synchronous/real‐time online video, audio or chat‐mediated counselling sessions. The interviews comprised open‐ended questions. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to analyse the data, through which two superordinate themes were identified: (a) environmental adaptation and (b) practice enhancement. Our findings suggest that therapists’ online counselling experiences incorporate several factors related to environmental adaptation and practice enhancement that impact the therapeutic process, outcomes, progress and relationship. The findings could inform the development of training, awareness‐raising and skills‐enhanced interventions for psychotherapists already using and hoping to use online therapeutic interventions.
Preliminary testing and evaluation of the renata minima stent, an infant stent capable of achieving adult dimensions
Authors: Zahn Evan M. , Abbott Eason , Tailor Neil , Sathanandam Shyam , Armer Dustin
Published: May 2021

Objectives

This study sought to obtain in vivo data on a new stent and delivery system specifically designed for implantation in infants with the ability to be enlarged to adult dimensions.

Background

There are no endovascular stents designed for or approved for use in infants, nor is there a stent capable of being implanted at infant vessel diameters and achieving adult size while maintaining structural integrity. The Minima stent was designed to address these needs.

Methods

This study was performed in 6 piglets who underwent implantation of 22 Minima stents into the following locations: aorta (n = 11), branch pulmonary arteries (n = 6), and central veins (n = 5).

Results

Successful deployment occurred in 21/22 attempts. Two instances of post‐deployment migration occurred. Stents were re‐expanded at 1, 2, 3 and 5 months after implant. All stents regardless of location could be re‐dilated to the intended diameter to keep pace with somatic growth (implant diameter 6.9 +/− 1.2 mm; final diameter 16.1 mm +/− 1.4 mm). Histopathology at 1 and 5 months demonstrated widely patent vessel lumens with stent apposition to vessel wall, early mild inflammatory response surrounding stent struts, typical vascular damage and healing response to acute dilation and a progressive smooth neointimal growth covering stent struts over time.

Conclusions

In this in vivo study of the Minima stent, there was high implant success, predictable re‐dilatability to adult diameters and favorable histopathology. Further study is warranted.
The possibilities of using elicitors in the increase of functional value of winter wheat grain under field conditions
Authors: Różyło Krzysztof , Biszczak Wojciech , Jośko Izabela , Kusiak Magdalena , Świeca Michał
Published: May 2021

Background and objectives

One of the ways to increase the content of biologically active substances in plants is elicitation. Elicitors cause moderate stress and induce the activity of antioxidant enzymes and accumulation of secondary metabolites. The study investigated the effect of elicitors on yield, nutrients content as well as phenolics and antioxidant properties of fully ripened winter wheat grain and the expression of genes related to antioxidant enzymes in grain at the milk‐dough ripeness stage.

Findings

Among the elicitors used, only potassium iodide and UV‐C significantly decreased the yield. Treatments did not affect phenolics content but distinctly elevated antiradical properties by about 28% in the case of crickets powder and hydrogen peroxide. After the application of L‐phenylalanine, the grains were characterized by the highest values of chelating and reducing power. Only the treatment with L‐phenylalanine modulated the relative expression level of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase.

Conclusion

L‐phenylalanine, hydrogen peroxide, and crickets powder showed the most pronounced potential to increase the functional value of the wheat grain. Potassium iodide and UV‐C significantly reduced the grain yield, therefore their using as elicitors is questionable.

Significance and novelty

These results are important for the global economy because increasing the functional value of the grain will improve human health and reduce medical costs.
SARS‐CoV‐2 identified by universal preoperative COVID‐19 testing prior to emergency surgery: Case of an asymptomatic pediatric patient requiring emergency surgery
Authors: Racette Samuel D. , Lavin Jennifer M. , Kociolek Larry K. , Zheng Xiotian T. , Haverkamp Karen Susan , Swibel Rosenthal Laura H.
Published: May 2021

This case highlights the importance of identifying SARS‐CoV‐2 preoperatively, irrespective of symptoms, as symptoms may be mild, especially in children compared to adults, and asymptomatic carriers can have high viral loads and be infectious.
Acute myocardial infarction not attributed to coronary artery disease: A seldom initial presentation of a left ventricular myxoma
Authors: Spiliopoulos Kyriakos , Anyfantakis Zacharias A. , Diminikos Ilias , Xanthopoulos Andrew , Magouliotis Dimitrios E. , Skoularigis John , Triposkiadis Filippos
Published: May 2021

Although myxoma represents the most frequent non‐malignant cardiac primary tumor; it is extremely rare met in the left ventricle. Clinical features of the neoplasm extend from symptomless to critical signs of either ischemia or embolism. We describe here an unusual case of a huge left ventricular myxoma in a 68‐year‐old man, presented with clinical and ECG findings of an inferior wall myocardial infarction. The patient was primarily referred to our institution for coronary angiography, which showed no coronary artery disease. Further examinations revealed a left ventricular mass as the possible source of embolization, thus the patient underwent surgery for tumor excision. The postoperative course was unremarkable. A bibliographical analysis demonstrated that those tumors are rare but treatable causes of embolic myocardial infarction, thus profound clinical intuition, proper utilization of imaging modalities, administration of anticoagulants preoperatively, as well immediate surgical removal are justified.
A rare case of lobular breast cancer metastasizing to large bowel
Authors: Yanagisawa Waka , Krishnan Sandra , Fernandez Adrian
Published: May 2021

Lobular breast cancer metastasis to bowel is rare, however, when it occurs, the prognosis is poor. Possible benefits of investigation with screening endoscopy for gastrointestinal metastases are discussed in order to optimize prognosis for patients.
Extremely high high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol with coronary artery disease: Case report
Authors: Sawalha Khalid , Kamoga Gilbert‐Roy
Published: May 2021

Whether this extremely high high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) level due to chronic alcohol abuse or cholesteryl ester transfer protein or others, we report this interesting case of extremely high high‐density lipoprotein to emphasize that serum HDL is not always protective from development of coronary heart disease.
Cutaneous plasmacytosis: A rare initial presentation of idiopathic multicentric Castleman's disease
Authors: Yamamoto Yu , Matsumura Masami
Published: May 2021

Cutaneous plasmacytosis could precede the development of idiopathic multicentric Castleman’s disease (iMCD). If a patient is diagnosed with cutaneous plasmacytosis without systemic manifestations, clinicians should carefully follow up with the patient keeping in mind the potential for the development of iMCD.