bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Work and gendered dimensions of recognition in the retail sector in Chile: Analyzing the experience of female cashiers in large supermarkets
Authors: Guerra‐Arrau Rodrigo , Stecher Antonio
Published: August 2024

This article presents the results of research exploring the dynamics of recognition in the interactive work of female cashiers in supermarket chains in Santiago, Chile. Based on three dimensions of recognition configured from gendered elements of interactive service work, cashiers' recognition experiences are analyzed, considering their socio‐biographical trajectories, their link with the companies, and the dynamics of the trade they establish in customer service labor. Findings show ambivalent recognition processes combining those instituted “from above” by the administration and those articulated “from below” by families, professional peers, and customers in daily interactions. Based on the results, the article discusses the challenges for a research agenda on recognition at work capable of considering the gendered dynamics of work in the service sector.
Preferences for Peer Support Amongst Families Engaged in Paediatric Screening Programmes: The Perspectives of Parents Involved in Screening for Type 1 Diabetes in Children Aged 3–13
Authors: Litchfield Ian , Quinn Lauren M. , Boardman Felicity , Boiko Olga , Narendran Parth , Choundhary Shivam , Setti Naga , Sheth Veer , Greenfield Sheila M.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

This work describes a secondary analysis of a qualitative data set originally used to understand parent participants' preferences for the design and implementation of a screening programme for paediatric Type 1 diabetes (T1D). From this, their spontaneous preferences for peer support emerged, described here in the context of existing peer support programmes for the newly diagnosed alongside suggestions for their incorporation into screening programmes for T1D and a range of other conditions.

Methods

Data were collected from semi‐structured interviews conducted with parents of children aged 3–13 years to explore their expectations, perceptions and preferences of a T1D paediatric screening programme. A secondary analysis of interviews from participants who spontaneously raised preferences for peer support was used to populate a novel framework informed by NHS England's key principles for the same, namely, Shared experiences and reciprocated support, Accessibility and inclusivity and Person‐centred and integrated peer support.

Results

Parents in 29 of 33 interviews spontaneously described the potential value of peer support if receiving a result indicating a positive (presymptomatic T1D result) from a screening programme. Specifically, the value of ‘Shared experiences and reciprocated support’ in terms of emotional support and reassurance, and access to more directly interpretable and relevant information related to the condition; ‘Accessibility and inclusivity’ relating to access to a community of similar individuals, whether in person or online; ‘Person‐centred and integrated peer‐support’ and the need for support reflecting the changing need of the child and the integration of peer support with clinical care.

Conclusions

The needs of peer support described by parents involved in T1D paediatric screening appear to be shared with those of families with children diagnosed with a range of life‐altering conditions. Although the needs of peer support for paediatric screening may differ across conditions, our findings are a valuable starting point for its design both in T1D and other examples of similar population screening programmes.

Patient or Public Contribution

Patients and the public have been involved throughout the design of the ELSA study and have worked with us to inform the study process. They contributed to the design and content of patient‐facing materials, the content of our topic guides and the analysis and interpretation of our findings.
Teeth with vital pulps and stage III periodontitis unresponsive to therapy exhibit a pulpal inflammatory profile similar to symptomatic irreversible pulpitis
Authors: Louzada Lidiane Mendes , Arruda‐Vasconcelos Rodrigo , Kearney Michaela , Yamauchi Yukako , Gomes Brenda P. F. A. , Duncan Henry F.
Published: August 2024

Aim

The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of inflammatory biomarkers (TNF‐α, IL‐10, IL‐1β) and the pulpitis‐associated miRNA (miR‐30a‐5p and miR‐128‐3p) in pulp tissue samples from unrestored teeth with a vital normal pulp (NP), teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (IP) and in unrestored teeth with periodontal disease, unresponsive to periodontal therapy, and a vital pulp (EP).

Methodology

Thirty patients were included in this observational study (10 teeth with NP, 10 teeth with IP, 10 teeth with EP). Dental pulp tissues samples were collected from patients during root canal treatment (RCT). RNA was extracted and qRT‐PCR of target genes (tumour necrosis factor [TNF]‐α, interleukin [IL]‐1β, IL‐10) and miRNAs (has‐miR‐30a‐5p, has‐miR‐128‐3p) performed to assess the expression profile. Fold‐change in expression was calculated using the formula 2−(ΔCt(Exp)−ΔCt(Ctrl)). One‐way anova with post‐hoc Tukey's was used to determine significant differences between groups. The significance level was set at 5% (p < .05). All teeth were also followed up clinically for 1 year and evaluated for a range of endodontic and periodontal‐related outcomes.

Results

All investigated genes significantly increased in expression and miRNAs significantly decreased in expression in the IP and EP groups compared with the NP group (p < .05). With regards to TNF‐α and IL‐1β there were no significant differences in expression between the IP and EP groups (p > .05), whereas IL‐10 expression levels were significantly reduced in the EP compared with the IP group (p < .05). Both miR‐30a‐5p and miR‐128‐3p showed significantly reduced expression in both IP and EP lesions, compared with NP (p < .05); however, no significant differences in miRNA expression were observed between IP and EP groups (p > .05). One year after root canal treatment and periodontal maintenance, tooth mobility and probing depth were significantly reduced in the EP group (p < .05).

Conclusion

Pulp tissues from teeth with IP and EP presented similar levels of altered inflammatory markers compared with NP. TNF‐α, IL‐10, IL‐1β cytokines and miRNAs (miR‐30a‐5p and miR‐128‐3p) are potential objective biomarkers to indicate pulpal inflammatory status, aiding diagnosis and directing clinical decision‐making. RCT may be beneficial to improve stage III periodontitis unresponsive to non‐surgical periodontal treatment, but further research is required.
Trust in the retirement system and investment decisions of property investors
Authors: Tajaddini Reza , Gholipour Hassan F. , Arjomandi Amir
Published: August 2024

Using Australian national‐level survey data and applying Poisson regressions, we show that property investors who have more trust in the retirement system tend to own fewer investment properties. This finding is robust to various estimation methods, sample sizes, and periods.
Waning Humoral Immune Response Following the Third and Fourth SARS‐COV‐2 Vaccine: A Cohort Study in Healthcare Workers
Authors: Süner Ahmet Furkan , Ergör Gül , Çağlayan Derya , Türe Neslişah , Güzel Irmak , Irmak Çağlar , Işık Elif , Appak Özgür , Çelik Muammer , Öztürk Gamze , Çavuş Sema Alp , Sayiner Arzu , Ergör Alp , Demiral Yücel , Kilic Bulent
Published: August 2024

Background

This study is aimed at providing information about the timing of booster doses and antibody kinetics in healthcare workers.

Methods

This research extends a prospective cohort study conducted at Dokuz Eylul University Hospital in Turkey, covering the period from March 2021 to December 2021. During this timeframe, the antibody levels of the health workers were measured at four different time points. The associations of antibody levels with gender, age, occupation, body mass index (BMI), chronic disease, and smoking were analyzed.

Results

There was a significant difference between antibody levels in all four blood draws (p < 0.001). Antibody levels decreased in both those vaccinated with BNT162b2 (p < 0.001) and those vaccinated with CoronaVac (p = 0.002) until the fourth blood draw. There was a significant difference between those vaccinated with one and two doses of booster BNT162b2 before the third blood draw (p < 0.001), which continued at the fourth blood draw (p < 0.001). The antibody levels of those with an interval of 41–50 days between two vaccinations decreased significantly at the fourth blood draw (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

This study provides insight into the dynamics and persistence of antibody response after additional COVID‐19 vaccine doses among healthcare workers. The longer the interval between booster doses may result in greater antibody levels being maintained over time, allowing for longer durations of protection.
Association between mitochondrial DNA copy number and production traits in pigs
Authors: Molinero Eduard , Pena Ramona N. , Estany Joan , Ros‐Freixedes Roger
Published: August 2024

Mitochondria are essential organelles in the regulation of cellular energetic metabolism. Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA_CN) can be used as a proxy for mitochondria number, size, and activity. The aims of our study are to evaluate the effect of mtDNA_CN and mitochondrial haploblocks on production traits in pigs, and to identify the genetic background of this cellular phenotype. We collected performance data of 234 pigs and extracted DNA from skeletal muscle. Whole‐genome sequencing data was used to determine mtDNA_CN. We found positive correlations of muscle mtDNA_CN with backfat thickness at 207 d (+0.14; p‐value = 0.07) and negative correlations with carcase loin thickness (−0.14; p‐value = 0.03). Pigs with mtDNA_CN values below the lower quartile had greater loin thickness (+4.1 mm; p‐value = 0.01) and lower backfat thickness (−1.1 mm; p‐value = 0.08), which resulted in greater carcase lean percentage (+2.4%; p‐value = 0.04), than pigs with mtDNA_CN values above the upper quartile. These results support the hypothesis that a reduction of mitochondrial activity is associated with greater feed efficiency. Higher mtDNA_CN was also positively correlated with higher meat ultimate pH (+0.19; p‐value <0.01) but we did not observe significant difference for meat ultimate pH between the two groups with extreme mtDNA_CN. We found no association of the most frequent mitochondrial haploblocks with mtDNA_CN or the production traits, but several genomic regions that harbour potential candidate genes with functions related to mitochondrial biogenesis and homeostasis were associated with mtDNA_CN. These regions provide new insights into the genetic background of this cellular phenotype but it is still uncertain if such associations translate into noticeable effects on the production traits.
The past, present, and future of tumour deposits in colorectal cancer: Advancing staging for improved prognosis and treatment decision‐making
Authors: Chang Zhengyan , Fu Huijun , Song Jiaqi , Kong Cheng , Xie Ruting , Pi Man , Sun Xuechen , Zhang Wentao , Liu Yifan , Huang Ruizhi , Yang Tingsong , Han Dongyan
Published: August 2024

Tumour deposits (TDs) significantly impact colorectal cancer (CRC) prognosis. Integrating TDs into the TNM staging system can enhance individualized disease management. Keeping abreast of evolving TDs research is pivotal for clinical advancement. We comprehensively reviewed both recent and popular literature to grasp the field's essence. Subsequently, a data retrieval sourced articles on TDs in CRC for bibliometric analysis, spanning from 1 January 1935 to 30 April 2023. Bibliometrix software facilitated paper analysis and visualization. Bibliometric indicators, the trends and hotspots were determined. A total of 2147 articles were successfully retrieved. Brown G emerged as the most productive author, and the USA as the most prolific country. Central South University and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center led productivity. Bradford's law categorized 48 journals into zone 1. Keywords co‐occurrence analysis identified three main clusters: the application of TDs in TNM staging, the pathogenesis of TDs, and the assessment of TDs. The trend topic analysis highlighted research focused on refining TDs incorporation into tumour staging. TDs wield enduring medical significance, shaping ongoing research. Much literature focused on confirming TD's prognostic value and optimizing TNM integration. Additionally, it is worth highlighting that TD's enigmatic pathogenesis demands research priority, as it holds the potential to unveil concealed knowledge regarding their development.
Oral microbiome diversity and diet quality in relation to mortality
Authors: Shen Jie , Chen Hui , Zhou Xiaofeng , Huang Qiumin , Garay Lucas Gonzalo , Zhao Mengjia , Qian Shujiao , Zong Geng , Yan Yan , Wang Xiaofeng , Wang Baohong , Tonetti Maurizio , Zheng Yan , Yuan Changzheng
Published: August 2024

Aim

To examine the independent and joint associations of oral microbiome diversity and diet quality with risks of all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality.

Materials and Methods

We included 7,055 eligible adults from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Oral microbiome diversity was measured with α‐diversity, including the Simpson Index, observed amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), Faith's phylogenetic diversity, and Shannon–Weiner index. Dietary quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index‐2015 (HEI‐2015). Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the corresponding associations.

Results

During a mean follow‐up of 9.0 years, we documented 382 all‐cause deaths. We observed independent associations of oral microbiome diversity indices and dietary quality with all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.49–0.82 for observed ASVs; HR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.52–0.89 for HEI‐2015). Jointly, participants with the highest tertiles of both oral microbiome diversity (in Simpson index) and HEI‐2015 had the lowest hazard of mortality (HR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.23–0.60). In addition, higher oral microbiome diversity was associated with lower risks of deaths from cardiometabolic disease and cancer.

Conclusions

Higher oral microbiome α‐diversity and diet quality were independently associated with lower risk of mortality.
Applying Hegelian theory to contemporary family science
Authors: Cedeño Diana
Published: August 2024

Despite Hegel's thorough exploration of the interplay between politics, family dynamics, and the role of self‐consciousness in family processes, his work has been notably absent from discussions within family science and human development. This paper aims to bridge this gap by conducting a comprehensive review of Hegel's contributions, addressing historical issues, and presenting arguments for the relevance of Hegelian concepts in family research, including an overview of methodological possibilities. The paper begins with a concise introduction to Hegel's views on family and society, examining key theoretical concepts such as marriage and family capital. Following this, the discussion delves into the application of Hegelian notions of spirit and develops a list of family values based on my interpretation of Hegel's works. The conclusion underscores the importance of Hegelian thought, emphasizing its potential as an epistemological foundation for advancing family science.
“I feel like a ‘cyber‐gypsy’”: BL fanfiction writers in China's changing landscape of fandom culture
Authors: Li Xiaomeng
Published: August 2024

In 2020, Archive of Our Own, a renowned fanfiction website, became inaccessible in China due to mass reporting by a celebrity's fans upset about him being portrayed as having a gender identity disorder in a fanfiction. This event led to increased regulation of Boys' Love (BL) content on many Chinese fanfiction platforms, posing challenges for writers. This study interviews Chinese BL fanfiction writers post‐incident and explores their strategies for navigating the shrinking creative space. It argues that China's current fandom culture is capital‐driven, data‐centric, and commercial, fostering a “fanquan (fan circle)” culture that redefines the meaning of “being a fan.”
The impacts of positive selection on genomic variation in Drosophila serrata: Insights from a deep learning approach
Authors: Wang Yiguan , Allen Scott L. , Reddiex Adam J. , Chenoweth Stephen F.
Published: August 2024

This study explores the impact of positive selection on the genetic composition of a Drosophila serrata population in eastern Australia through a comprehensive analysis of 110 whole genome sequences. Utilizing an advanced deep learning algorithm (partialS/HIC) and a range of inferred demographic histories, we identified that approximately 14% of the genome is directly affected by sweeps, with soft sweeps being more prevalent (10.6%) than hard sweeps (2.1%), and partial sweeps being uncommon (1.3%). The algorithm demonstrated robustness to demographic assumptions in classifying complete sweeps but faced challenges in distinguishing neutral regions from partial sweeps and linked regions under demographic misspecification. The findings reveal the indirect influence of sweeps on nearly two‐thirds of the genome through linkage, with an over‐representation of putatively deleterious variants suggesting that positive selection drags deleterious variants to higher frequency due to hitchhiking with beneficial loci. Gene ontology enrichment analysis further supported our confidence in the accuracy of sweep detection as several traits expected to be under positive selection due to evolutionary arms races (e.g. immunity) were detected in hard sweeps. This study provides valuable insights into the direct and indirect contributions of positive selection in shaping genomic variation in natural populations.
Strigolactone signalling inhibits trehalose 6‐phosphate signalling independently of BRC1 to suppress shoot branching
Authors: Fichtner Franziska , Humphreys Jazmine L. , Barbier Francois F. , Feil Regina , Westhoff Philipp , Moseler Anna , Lunn John E. , Smith Steven M. , Beveridge Christine A.
Published: August 2024

The phytohormone strigolactone (SL) inhibits shoot branching, whereas the signalling metabolite trehalose 6‐phosphate (Tre6P) promotes branching. How Tre6P and SL signalling may interact and which molecular mechanisms might be involved remains largely unknown.

Transcript profiling of Arabidopsis SL mutants revealed a cluster of differentially expressed genes highly enriched in the Tre6P pathway compared with wild‐type (WT) plants or brc1 mutants. Tre6P‐related genes were also differentially expressed in axillary buds of garden pea (Pisum sativum) SL mutants.

Tre6P levels were elevated in the SL signalling mutant more axillary (max) growth 2 compared with other SL mutants or WT plants indicating a role of MAX2‐dependent SL signalling in regulating Tre6P levels.

A transgenic approach to increase Tre6P levels demonstrated that all SL mutant lines and brc1 flowered earlier, showing all of these mutants were responsive to Tre6P. Elevated Tre6P led to increased branching in WT plants but not in max2 and max4 mutants, indicating some dependency between the SL pathway and Tre6P regulation of shoot branching. By contrast, elevated Tre6P led to an enhanced branching phenotype in brc1 mutants indicating independence between BRC1 and Tre6P. A model is proposed whereby SL signalling represses branching via Tre6P and independently of the BRC1 pathway.
Differential contribution of Arabidopsis chitin receptor complex components to defense signaling and ubiquitination‐dependent endocytotic removal from the plasma membrane
Authors: Mittendorf Josephine , Niebisch Jule Meret , Pierdzig Leon , Sun Siqi , Petutschnig Elena Kristin , Lipka Volker
Published: August 2024

In Arabidopsis, the enzymatically active lysin motif‐containing receptor‐like kinase (LysM‐RLK) CHITIN ELICITOR RECEPTOR KINASE 1 (CERK1) and the pseudokinases LYSIN MOTIF‐CONTAINING RECEPTOR‐LIKE KINASE 5 (LYK5) and LYK4 are the core components of the canonical chitin receptor complex. CERK1 dimerizes and autophosphorylates upon chitin binding, resulting in activation of chitin signaling.

In this study, we clarified and further elucidated the individual contributions of LYK4 and LYK5 to chitin‐dependent signaling using mutant (combination)s and stably transformed Arabidopsis plants expressing fluorescence‐tagged LYK5 and LYK4 variants from their endogenous promoters.

Our analyses revealed that LYK5 interacts with CERK1 upon chitin treatment, independently of LYK4 and vice versa. We show that chitin‐induced autophosphorylation of CERK1 is predominantly dependent on LYK5, whereas chitin‐triggered ROS generation is almost exclusively mediated by LYK4. This suggests specific signaling functions of these two co‐receptor proteins apart from their redundant function in mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and transcriptional reprogramming.

Moreover, we demonstrate that LYK5 is subject to chitin‐induced and CERK1‐dependent ubiquitination, which serves as a signal for chitin‐induced internalization of LYK5. Our experiments provide evidence that a combination of phosphorylation and ubiquitination events controls LYK5 removal from the plasma membrane via endocytosis, which likely contributes to receptor complex desensitization.
Current landscape of fertility induction in males with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Authors: Dwyer Andrew A. , McDonald Isabella R. , Quinton Richard
Published: August 2024

Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is a rare reproductive disorder caused by deficient secretion or action of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) and is a hormonally treatable form of male infertility. Both pulsatile GnRH treatment and combined gonadotropin therapy effectively induce spermatogenesis in 75%–80% of males with CHH, albeit the ejaculate does not usually approach normal semen parameters by WHO criteria. This is in some contrast to the cumulative fertility outcomes in females with CHH on gonadotropin treatment that are indistinguishable from those of reproductively normal females. Emerging data provide insights into early life determinants of male fertility (i.e., minipuberty), and research has identified key predictors of outcomes for fertility‐inducing treatment in men with CHH. Such developments provide mounting evidence for tailoring approaches to maximize fertility potential in CHH, although there is no clear consensus to date on the optimal approach to fertility‐inducing treatment. This review provides an up‐to‐date review on the current evidence underpinning therapeutic approaches for inducing spermatogenesis in males with CHH. In the absence of evidence‐based clinical guidelines, this synthesis of current evidence provides guidance for clinicians working with males with CHH seeking fertility.
In‐silico identification of putatively functional intergenic small open reading frames in the cucumber genome and their predicted response to biotic and abiotic stresses
Authors: Ahmad Esraa M. , Abdelsamad Ahmed , El‐Shabrawi Hattem M. , El‐Awady Mohamed A. M. , Aly Mohammed A. M. , El‐Soda Mohamed
Published: August 2024

The availability of high‐throughput sequencing technologies increased our understanding of different genomes. However, the genomes of all living organisms still have many unidentified coding sequences. The increased number of missing small open reading frames (sORFs) is due to the length threshold used in most gene identification tools, which is true in the genic and, more importantly and surprisingly, in the intergenic regions. Scanning the cucumber genome intergenic regions revealed 420 723 sORF. We excluded 3850 sORF with similarities to annotated cucumber proteins. To propose the functionality of the remaining 416 873 sORF, we calculated their codon adaptation index (CAI). We found 398 937 novel sORF (nsORF) with CAI ≥ 0.7 that were further used for downstream analysis. Searching against the Rfam database revealed 109 nsORFs similar to multiple RNA families. Using SignalP‐5.0 and NLS, identified 11 592 signal peptides. Five predicted proteins interacting with Meloidogyne incognita and Powdery mildew proteins were selected using published transcriptome data of host‐pathogen interactions. Gene ontology enrichment interpreted the function of those proteins, illustrating that nsORFs' expression could contribute to the cucumber's response to biotic and abiotic stresses. This research highlights the importance of previously overlooked nsORFs in the cucumber genome and provides novel insights into their potential functions.
Resin acid δ13C and δ18O as indicators of intra‐seasonal physiological and environmental variability
Authors: Tang Yu , Sahlstedt Elina , Rissanen Kaisa , Bäck Jaana , Schiestl‐Aalto Pauliina , Angove Charlotte , Richter Andreas , Saurer Matthias , Aalto Juho , Dukat Paulina , Lintunen Anna , Rinne‐Garmston Katja T.
Published: August 2024

Understanding the dynamics of δ13C and δ18O in modern resin is crucial for interpreting (sub)fossilized resin records and resin production dynamics. We measured the δ13C and δ18O offsets between resin acids and their precursor molecules in the top‐canopy twigs and breast‐height stems of mature Pinus sylvestris trees. We also investigated the physiological and environmental signals imprinted in resin δ13C and δ18O at an intra‐seasonal scale. Resin δ13C was c. 2‰ lower than sucrose δ13C, in both twigs and stems, likely due to the loss of 13C‐enriched C‐1 atoms of pyruvate during isoprene formation and kinetic isotope effects during diterpene synthesis. Resin δ18O was c. 20‰ higher than xylem water δ18O and c. 20‰ lower than δ18O of water‐soluble carbohydrates, possibly caused by discrimination against 18O during O2‐based diterpene oxidation and 35%–50% oxygen atom exchange with water. Resin δ13C and δ18O recorded a strong signal of soil water potential; however, their overall capacity to infer intraseasonal environmental changes was limited by their temporal, within‐tree and among‐tree variations. Future studies should validate the potential isotope fractionation mechanisms associated with resin synthesis and explore the use of resin δ13C and δ18O as a long‐term proxy for physiological and environmental changes.
A chloroplast sulphate transporter modulates glutathione‐mediated redox cycling to regulate cell division
Authors: Huang Pin‐jui , Lin Yen‐Ling , Chen Chun‐Han , Lin Hsiang‐Yin , Fang Su‐Chiung
Published: August 2024

Glutathione redox cycling is important for cell cycle regulation, but its mechanisms are not well understood. We previously identified a small‐sized mutant, suppressor of mat3 15‐1 (smt15‐1) that has elevated cellular glutathione. Here, we demonstrated that SMT15 is a chloroplast sulphate transporter. Reducing expression of γ‐GLUTAMYLCYSTEINE SYNTHETASE, encoding the rate‐limiting enzyme required for glutathione biosynthesis, corrected the size defect of smt15‐1 cells. Overexpressing GLUTATHIONE SYNTHETASE (GSH2) recapitulated the small‐size phenotype of smt15‐1 mutant, confirming the role of glutathione in cell division. Hence, SMT15 may regulate chloroplast sulphate concentration to modulate cellular glutathione levels. In wild‐type cells, glutathione and/or thiol‐containing molecules (GSH/thiol) accumulated in the cytosol at the G1 phase and decreased as cells entered the S/M phase. While the cytosolic GSH/thiol levels in the small‐sized mutants, smt15‐1 and GSH2 overexpressors, mirrored those of wild‐type cells (accumulating during G1 and declining at early S/M phase), GSH/thiol was specifically accumulated in the basal bodies at early S/M phase in the small‐sized mutants. Therefore, we propose that GSH/thiol‐mediated redox signalling in the basal bodies may regulate mitotic division number in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Our findings suggest a new mechanism by which glutathione regulates the multiple fission cell cycle in C. reinhardtii.
The B‐box transcription factor BnBBX22.A07 enhances salt stress tolerance by indirectly activating BnWRKY33.C03
Authors: Zhang Yan , Liu Xiang , Shi Yiji , Lang Lina , Tao Shunxian , Zhang Qi , Qin Mengfan , Wang Kai , Xu Yu , Zheng Lin , Cao Hanming , Wang Han , Zhu Yunlin , Song Jia , Li Keqi , Xu Aixia , Huang Zhen
Published: August 2024

Salt stress has a detrimental impact on both plant growth and global crop yields. B‐box proteins have emerged as pivotal players in plant growth and development regulation. Although the precise role of B‐box proteins orchestrating salt stress responses in B. napus (Brassica napus) is not well understood in the current literature, further research and molecular explorations are required. Here, we isolated the B‐box protein BnBBX22.A07 from B. napus. The overexpression of BnBBX22.A07 significantly improved the salt tolerance of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and B. napus. Transcriptomic and histological analysis showed that BnBBX22.A07 enhanced the salt tolerance of B. napus by activating the expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging‐related genes and decreasing salt‐induced superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, BnBBX22.A07 interacted with BnHY5.C09, which specifically bound to and activated the promoter of BnWRKY33.C03. The presence of BnBBX22.A07 enhanced the activation of BnHY5.C09 on BnWRKY33.C03. Overexpression of BnHY5.C09 and BnWRKY33.C03 improved the salt tolerance of Arabidopsis. Functional analyses revealed that BnBBX22.A07‐mediated salt tolerance was partly dependent on WRKY33. Taken together, we demonstrate that BnBBX22.A07 functions positively in salt responses not only by activating ROS scavenging‐related genes but also by indirectly activating BnWRKY33.C03. Notably, our study offers a promising avenue for the identification of candidate genes that could be harnessed in breeding endeavours to develop salt‐resistant transgenic crops.
Logic and conventions
Authors: Büttner Kai Michael , Glock Hans‐Johann
Published: August 2024

Wittgenstein and the logical positivists attempted to explain logical necessity in terms of linguistic conventions. It is often thought that their respective accounts have been conclusively refuted by objections from Quine, Dummett and others. We argue that this verdict is premature. Several of the most popular anti‐conventionalist arguments fail, partly because they misconstrue the idea of truth by convention in Wittgenstein and/or logical positivism. Correctly understood, conventionalism claims that, given certain linguistic conventions, some sentences are unconditionally true, that is true irrespective of how the world happens to be. This claim is difficult to deny, and the corresponding conventionalism about logical necessity remains a viable position.
KGF‐2 ameliorates UVB‐triggered skin photodamage in mice by attenuating DNA damage and inflammatory response and mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Li Xuenan , Cheng Jinli , Guo Keke , Wan Jianwei , Wang Cuihong , Chen Lu , Xu Nuo , Chen Min
Published: August 2024

Background

Long‐term exposure to UVB induces DNA damage, inflammatory response, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in skin cells, thus causing skin photodamage. Research has demonstrated the noteworthy antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, DNA repair, and mitochondrial protective properties of keratinocyte growth factor‐2 (KGF‐2).

Methods

To examine the impact of KGF‐2 on UVB‐triggered skin photodamage in mice, hair‐removed mice were initially exposed under UVB radiation and subsequently treated with KGF‐2 hydrogel and repeated for 6 days. On day 7, the assessment of histopathological alterations, inflammation, DNA damage, mitochondrial function, and apoptosis in mouse skin was assessed.

Results

It was found that KGF‐2 could effectively relieve cutaneous photodamage symptoms and inhibit epidermal proliferation in mice. Meanwhile, KGF‐2 was found to significantly reduce DNA damage, attenuate the inflammatory response, and inhibit the mitochondria‐mediated intrinsic apoptotic pathway in the UVB‐exposed mouse skin photodamage model.

Conclusion

To summarize, our results indicated that KGF‐2 reduces the severity of mouse skin photodamage caused by UVB rays by attenuating DNA damage and the inflammatory response, besides inhibiting the mitochondria‐mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway.
Contentious emancipation. Processual frames on national self‐determination in Catalonia
Authors: Vazquez Ion
Published: August 2024

This paper looks into the frames of the Catalan quest for national self‐determination during the second decade of the XXI century. Specifically, it analyzes how pro‐independence actors frame the intermediate steps to move forward towards national sovereignty within a process that becomes contentious. In this regard, the Catalan pro‐independence movement is a good contemporary opportunity for analysis. From a combined view on nationalism, this paper deductively introduces two collective action frames: institutionalization and mobilization. Institutionalization frames are depicted as the agency‐oriented and material steps needed to advance towards a political goal. Mobilization frames, on the other hand, are focused on the contentious episodes of a process. This paper concludes that while the two frames are present in the Catalan case, mobilization frames stand out for its relevance.
Marine Spatial Planning and the loss of traditional power in Fiji and the Cook Islands
Authors: de Waegh Roxane , Wilson Nathaniel , Watt Lucas
Published: August 2024

A rapidly expanding area of marine space in the Pacific is being assessed under a process known as Marine Spatial Planning (MSP). Through the political process, MSP brings together an assemblage of national governments, private organizations and local communities to define how marine spaces should be governed. MSP results in numerous new marine spatial categories that delimit an area according to the respective principals and rules decided upon. The authors of this article argue that traditional powers to make and enforce decisions concerning the governance of marine spaces have been weakened through the political process of MSP in the Pacific. The responses that emerged from conducting qualitative semi‐structured interviews with participants in Fiji and the Cook Islands indicate that indigenous marine authority is being undermined through manipulation of the MSP process. The findings further revealed an underlying recognition that the MSP process has proven to be incapable of equitably weighing indigenous Pacific Islanders’ interests in relation to the economic, environmental and security interests of external ocean stakeholders. The authors further argue that external ocean stakeholders can successfully pursue their own objectives through the MSP process in ways that bypass indigenous authority.
Threat perceptions, defensive behaviors, and the perceived suicide prevention value of specific firearm storage practices
Authors: Anestis Michael D. , Bryan Craig J. , Bryan AnnaBelle O. , Capron Daniel W.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Secure firearm storage has been proposed as a suicide prevention method within the military; however, secure storage practices are uncommon. Service members may perceive limited value in secure storage as a suicide prevention tool and threat‐related factors may influence such perceptions.

Method

A nationally representative sample of firearm‐owning military service members (n = 719) was recruited between December 3, 2021 and January 4, 2022 to complete a self‐report survey by Ipsos using their KnowledgePanel calibration approach to optimize representativeness.

Results

Threat sensitivity was associated with less perceived suicide prevention value across all within‐home storage practices as well as out‐of‐home storage. Defensive firearm ownership was associated with less perceived out‐of‐home storage value. Contrary to expectations, PTSD symptoms were associated with greater perceived suicide prevention value across all storage practices and intolerance of uncertainty was associated with greater perceived out‐of‐home storage value.

Discussion

Perceptions of, sensitivity to, and reactions to threat represent a complicated confluence of factors that may influence firearm views and behaviors in disparate ways. Viewing the world as dangerous and other people as a threat may limit perceived suicide prevention value for secure storage and increase the drive for firearm access.
Extending HLA allele sequences using next‐generation sequencing technology
Authors: Vinod P. I. Megha , Shruthi P. S. , Sharma Archita , Arora Deepika , Kour Manpreet
Published: August 2024

Extended sequences for 13 HLA alleles were found which had limited coverage previously.
Full genomic sequence of the HLA‐DQB1*06:18:01 allele identified by next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Du Zeying , Williams Charles D.
Published: August 2024

Full‐length sequence of HLA‐DQB1*06:18:01 covers the 5′‐untranslated region (UTR), all introns and exons, and the 3’ UTR.
Play in Cognitive Development: From Rational Constructivism to Predictive Processing
Authors: Andersen Marc M. , Kiverstein Julian
Published: August 2024

It is widely believed that play and curiosity are key ingredients as children develop models of the world. There is also an emerging consensus that children are Bayesian learners who combine their structured prior beliefs with estimations of the likelihood of new evidence to infer the most probable model of the world. An influential school of thought within developmental psychology, rational constructivism, combines these two ideas to propose that children learn intuitive theories of how the world works in part by engaging in play activities that allow them to gather new information for testing their theories. There are still, however, at least two pieces missing from rational constructivist theories of development. First, rational constructivism has so far devoted little attention to explaining why children's preferred form of learning, play, feels so fun, enjoyable, and rewarding. Rational constructivism may suggest that children are curious and like to play because reducing uncertainty and learning better theories of the causal workings of the world is enjoyable. What remains unclear, however, is why reducing uncertainty in play is interesting, fun, and joyful, while doing so in other forms of learning can be frustrating or boring. Second, rational constructivism may have overlooked how children, during play, will take control of and manipulate their environment, sometimes in an effort to create ideal niches for surprise‐extraction, sometimes for developing strategies for making the world fit with their predictions. These missing elements from rational constructivism can be provided by understanding the contribution of play to development in terms of predictive processing, an influential framework in cognitive neuroscience that models many of the brain's cognitive functions as processes of model‐based, probabilistic prediction.
The role of global value chains for worker tasks and wage inequality
Authors: Lewandowski Piotr , Madoń Karol , Winkler Deborah
Published: August 2024

This paper studies the relationship between global value chain (GVC) participation, worker‐level routine task intensity (RTI) and wage inequality within countries. Using survey data from 34 countries and instrumenting for GVC participation, we find that higher GVC participation contributes to higher wage inequality in high‐income countries and lower wage inequality in middle‐ and low‐income countries. We distinguish between two opposite‐working channels. First, participation in GVCs directly reduces wage inequality, suppressing wages in offshorable occupations that tend to earn above the country‐specific median, and increasing wages of non‐offshorable occupations. Second, it indirectly widens within‐country wage inequality by increasing the gap in RTI, which is negatively associated with wages, between offshorable and non‐offshorable occupations. The direct effect prevails in most low‐ and middle‐income countries that receive offshored jobs, and the indirect effect prevails in high‐income countries that offshore jobs.
Melt Pool Flow Dynamics of Copper Imbued Surface Alloyed 304 Stainless Steel: Role of Laser Power and Scanning Speed Tuning
Authors: Mangsor A. S. , Salim A. A. , Ghoshal S. K. , Abd Aziz Muhammad Safwan
Published: August 2024

This study emphasizes the crucial role of Marangoni convection in the laser surface-alloying of 304 stainless steel (304 SS) with copper (Cu). By studying the microscopic behavior of the melt pool during CO2 laser alloying, the study reveals the association between Marangoni convection and the resulting microstructure. The findings demonstrate that the most optimum deposited track can be observed at power 80 W with a scanning speed of 0.4950 mm/s while the highest scanning speed of 0.6329 mm/s produced the finest grains. From the microhardness analysis, sample with the scanning speed of 0.6329 mm/s yielded the best microhardness due to fast cooling and solidification, highlighting the importance of controlling the process parameters to achieve the desired outcome.  This data provides valuable insights into the laser-matter interaction and underscores the need to understand underlying melt pool flow dynamics mechanisms such as Marangoni convection to optimize the process for high-quality results.
Connes fusion of spinors on loop space
Authors: Kristel Peter , Waldorf Konrad
Published: August 2024

The loop space of a string manifold supports an infinite-dimensional Fock space bundle, which is an analog of the spinor bundle on a spin manifold. This spinor bundle on loop space appears in the description of two-dimensional sigma models as the bundle of states over the configuration space of the superstring. We construct a product on this bundle that covers the fusion of loops, i.e. the merging of two loops along a common segment. For this purpose, we exhibit it as a bundle of bimodules over a certain von Neumann algebra bundle, and realize our product fibrewise using the Connes fusion of von Neumann bimodules. Our main technique is to establish novel relations between string structures, loop fusion, and the Connes fusion of Fock spaces. The fusion product on the spinor bundle on loop space was proposed by Stolz and Teichner as part of a programme to explore the relation between generalized cohomology theories, functorial field theories, and index theory. It is related to the pair of pants worldsheet of the superstring, to the extension of the corresponding smooth functorial field theory down to the point, and to a higher-categorical bundle on the underlying string manifold, the stringor bundle.
Experiences of undergraduate nursing students and new graduate nurses in paid employment models and health-related work influencing the transition to practice: a qualitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Park Seung A. (Sarah) , Eckert Marion , Sharp Rebecca , Clark Belinda , Peters Micah D.J.
Published: August 2024

Objective:

This review aims to synthesize qualitative literature exploring the experiences of undergraduate nursing students and newly graduated nurses who are employed for less than 1 year in clinical settings after graduation. It will focus on those who had paid employment and health-related work experience during their undergraduate studies, examining the influence of these experiences on the transition to practice.

Introduction:

Nursing professionals undergo a transformative journey, starting from envisioning themselves as nurses to developing professional identity and competence. However, the initial transition to nursing practice often poses challenges for undergraduates and newly graduated nurses. To ease this transition, gaining additional clinical experience through paid employment or health-related work during undergraduate studies can be beneficial.

Inclusion criteria:

This review will include qualitative studies on the experiences of undergraduate nursing students and newly graduated nurses in paid employment models and health-related work. No restrictions on the publication date or country will be applied; however, only English-language publications will be included.

Methods:

The JBI methodology for qualitative systematic reviews will be employed. Searches will be conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare (Ovid); CINAHL Complete (EBSCOhost); and ERIC (ProQuest), along with gray literature in ProQuest Dissertations and Theses and Google Scholar. Study selection, quality assessment, and data extraction will be conducted as per the JBI methodology. Findings will be synthesized using meta-aggregation, and a ConQual Summary of Findings will be created.

Review registration:

PROSPERO CRD42024520724
Third-Man-Passing Small-Sided Games Induce Higher Anaerobic Energy Contributions Than Regular-Passing Small-Sided Games in Football Players
Authors: Yang Woo-Hwi , Park So-Young , Kwak Young-Je , Kim Zi-Hyun , Choi Sung-Hwan
Published: August 2024

Purpose: This study compared the physiological profiles and energy-system contributions of trained football players engaged in regular-passing and third-man-passing small-sided games (SSGs) that included 4 versus 4 and a goalkeeper. Methods: Ten male trained football players participated in this crossover study. All participants were randomly assigned to either regular-passing SSG or third-man-passing SSG (4 vs 4 with a goalkeeper, 35-m × 17-m pitch size, and 6-min match duration). During these SSGs, physiological parameters including peak and mean heart rate, oxygen uptake ( and ), metabolic equivalents in and , and blood lactate concentrations (peak La− and delta La− [Δ La−]), were measured. Energy contributions (oxidative [WOxi], glycolytic [WGly], and phosphagen [WPCr] systems) and Global Positioning System (GPS) variables (total distance, total acceleration counts, mean speed, and maximum speed) were also analyzed. Results: No significant differences in physiological parameters and GPS variables were found between regular- and third-man-passing SSGs. WOxi in kilojoules and percentages was significantly higher during both SSGs than WPCr and WGly (P < .0001, respectively). WPCr and WPCr + WGly values during third-man-passing SSGs were significantly higher than those during regular-passing SSGs (P < .05). Additionally, low to moderate positive correlations were observed between WOxi, WGly in kilojoules, , , peak La−, Δ La−, total acceleration counts, and mean speed (r = .39–.64). Conclusions: Third-man-passing SSGs may be useful for increasing anaerobic capacity. More third-man-passing SSG sessions in preparation for football games may support high metabolic power and repeated powerful anaerobic performances in trained football players.