bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Profiling Academic Research on Language Teacher Identities
Authors: Liu Yi-Fen
Published: November 2022

Within the field of TESOL, language teacher identity (LTI) has been the focus of a myriad of studies in the previous two decades. Researchers need to trace back in order to move forward, it is an essential step towards a comprehensive understanding of what has been done in LTI research. This review article provides an overall literature review on conceptual approaches of how identity is defined and perceived in the context of recent history. It is then followed by an analysis of dominant trends on recent studies of Language Teacher Identity to profile what, why, when, and who constitute seminal works in LTI research by tracing scholarly literature from 1975 to the present. A dataset retrieved and analyzed from Scopus was further correlated using Vantage Point software. The findings not only revealed the conceptual approaches, dominant trends, and methodological development in LTI research, but also identified the underexplored areas in transnational teacher identities, teacher educator identities, and online teacher identities, which provided implications for future LTI research directions.
Pre-Service Teachers’ Narratives: Why Did I Decide to Become an English Language Teacher?
Authors: Garza-Rodríguez Nallely
Published: November 2022

Choosing a major is one of the most important decisions in one’s life. Understanding the aspects that intervene in this decision contribute to a better understanding of main motivational forces of English as a Foreign Language pre-service teachers. This qualitative descriptive study examined the personal, professional, and social motivations and experiences of 40 English as a Foreign Language pre-service teachers in the Mexican context that affected their decision to become English language teachers. Using an open written narrative (Language Learning History) instrument, participants wrote stories that showed the main reasons for choosing English teaching as a major. The results showed that personal and professional aspects including biographical experiences, a perceived ability to learn and teach English as well as teacher preparation program experiences are the most influential in this decision along with altruistic and intrinsic motives.
Perbedaan Kelarutan Kalsium Gigi Sulung Setelah Direndam dalam Jus Lemon (Citrus limon) dan Yogurt
Authors: Hartami Edina , NSB Deasinta Qurratu’Ain
Published: November 2022

Tooth erosion is common problem and its prevalence is increasing in children. Children's penchant for consuming packaged drinks that have high acid content triggers tooth erosion. Tooth erosion is characterized by mineral solubility on the tooth surface due to consuming acidic foods and drinks continuously for a long time. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in the calcium solubility of primary teeth after immersing in lemon juice (Citrus limon) and yogurt. This research method is experimental laboratory with post-test control group design using twenty-seven mandibular primary incisors which were divided into two groups (control and treatment). The treatment group was divided into six sub-groups, immersing in lemon juice for 6 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours and yogurt for 6 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours, while the control group was divided into three subgroups, immersing in artificial saliva. 6 hours, 12 hours and 18 hours. Testing the calcium solubility using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) then the differences between groups were analyzed using one way ANOVA. The results showed a significant difference, the solubility of calcium after immersing in lemon juice for 18 hours was 66.76 ppm and the solubility of calcium after immersing in yogurt for 18 hours was 22.07 ppm. So, it can be concluded that the calcium solubility in primary teeth after immersing in lemon juice is greater than yogurt.
Gambaran Pemanfaatan Pelayanan Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut oleh Pasien ODHA di Puskesmas Puger dan Puskesmas Jember Kidul Tahun 2019
Authors: Safitri Rinda Puspa , Misrohmasari Elyda Akhya Afida , Hadnyanawati Hestieyonini , Kiswaluyo Kiswaluyo , Dwiatmoko Surartono
Published: November 2022

HIV-AIDS is a complex health problem and the number of cases increases year by year. The highest number of new HIV-AIDS cases in East Java in 2018 was found in Jember at Primary Health Center (PHC) of Puger and Jember Kidul. In PLWHA (People Living with HIV-AIDS) patients, HIV-AIDS gives manifestation in their oral cavity. PHC plays a role in handling oral health problems of PLWHA and also HIV-AIDS problems. Purpose was to determine the utilization of oral health services by PLWHA in primary health center of Puger and Jember Kidul in 2019. This research was a descriptive study by analyzing secondary data. The data was taken from medical record data of VCT and registration book of oral health services at PHC of Puger and Jember Kidul. In 2019, there were 47 new PLWHA patients at PHC of Puger and there were 36 new and old PLWHA patients with oral health problems at PHC of Jember Kidul. Most of the oral health problems of PLWHA are oral candidiasis. PLWHA with oral candidiasis were treated at VCT, while caries was referred to oral health services. There were no PLWHA who utilize the oral health services in oral health services room at PHC of Puger meanwhile, the research wasn't carried out at the oral health services room of Jember Kidul primary health center due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The utilization of oral health services by PLWHA in PHC of Puger and Jember Kidul was low, and more persuasive approaches were needed to motivate PLWHA.
Perbedaan Kekerasan Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement dan Kompomer pada Pengguna Obat Kumur Alkohol dan Non Alkohol
Authors: Wijayanti Nia , Hartoyo Desi Lia Avisa Dwi
Published: November 2022

The restoration materials, Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement and compomer, often contact with various kinds of liquid in oral cavity. One of the liquid which has contact in oral cavity was mouthwash. The effect of using mouthwash can affect the hardness of the material. Hardness affects the longevity of a filling material persisted in the oral cavity. This study aims to determine the difference in hardness between Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement and compomers on the users of alcohol and non alcoholic mouthwash. The type of the research is quasi experimental. There are 36 samples (18 RMGIC and 18 compomers). Each ingredient was divided into two groups which were immersed in alcoholic and non alcoholic mouthwashes. Then, the samples were immersed for 5 days which were replaced every 24 hours. The sample hardness was measured by the Vickers Hardness Test (Shimadzu HMV-M3). Data were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis test. After being tested, the average results of the non alcohol compomer hardness were 31.89, 22.94 alcoholic compomers, 14.17 non alcoholic RMGIC, and 5.00 alcoholic RMGICs. The Kruskal Wallis analysis test results obtained p value <0.5 showed there is a significant difference. There is a significant differencein the hardness of the Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (RMGIC) and the compomer on the users of alcohol and non alcoholic mouthwash. The hardness from highest to lowest is compomers immersed in non alcoholic mouthwash, compomers in alcoholic mouthwash, RMGIC in non alcoholic mouthwash, and RMGICs in alcoholic mouthwash.
Asociación entre años de estudio y síntomas depresivos y ansiosos durante los primeros meses de confinamiento por la pandemia COVID-19, en una muestra de estudiantes de medicina de una universidad privada en Lima, Perú.
Authors: Krüger-Malpartida Hever , Arévalo-Flores Martín , Anculle-Arauco Víctor , Dancuart- Mendoza Mauricio , Pedraz-Petrozzi Bruno
Published: November 2022

Objetivos: Determinar la relación entre años de estudio y síntomas depresivos y ansiosos durante los primeros meses de la pandemia por COVID-19, en una muestra de estudiantes de medicina de Lima, controlando en particular las covariables sexo y enfermedades médicas previas. Material y métodos: Se realizó una encuesta en línea, que recolectó información de 250 estudiantes de medicina incluyendo datos generales, historia médica previa, síntomas de depresión (PHQ-9) y de ansiedad (GAD-7). Los datos se manejaron mediante un análisis multivariado. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias entre años de estudios y los valores combinados de PHQ-9 y GAD-7 (Lambda de Wilks = 0,86; p = 1,68 x 10-4; η2p = 0,08). La presencia de enfermedades médicas previas mostró diferencias significativas en relación a los valores combinados de PHQ-9 y GAD-7 (Lambda de Wilks = 0,94, p = 4,43 x 10-4, η2p = 0,06). Las muestras univariadas mostraron diferencias en años de estudios para PHQ-9 (F6,241 = 4,12, p = 0,001, η2p = 0,09) y GAD-7 (F6,241 = 2,81, p = 0,01, η2p = 0,07). El análisis post hoc mostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los primeros años de estudio. Conclusiones: Estos resultados sugieren que estudiantes de medicina de los primeros años muestran mayores niveles de síntomas depresivos y ansiosos que los participantes de años superiores. Asimismo, la ocurrencia de enfermedades médicas previas explica también los valores altos de depresión y ansiedad.
Cerebrovascular disease and mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in a Latin American country, Peru.
Authors: Gallo-Guerrero Marla , Vences Miguel A. , Zafra-Tanaka Jessica Hanae , Galindo Diego , Saavedra Maira , Zevallos Cynthia
Published: November 2022

Objective: This study aimed at: 1) Assessment of the frequency of stroke and related mortality rate in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in two major hospital referral centers in Peru; 2) Exploration of factors associated to mortality and dependency in these patients; 3) Comparisons of frequency of admissions of stroke patients and reperfusion treatments in similar periods of time prior to (2019) and during the pandemia occurrence. Material and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in two of the largest referral hospital centers for COVID-19 in Peru. The study included patient victims of stroke and COVID-19, hospitalized between April and August 2020. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data, radiological findings, and severity levels measured by the NIHSS scale were collected. Poisson regression models to evaluate associated factors to mortality and dependency were applied. Results: A 31% reduction of admissions for stroke, and of 81% of intravenous reperfusion treatment, respectively, were found in 2020 when compared with 2019. 1.37% of the patients with COVID-19 experienced a stroke, with an overall mortality rate of 40.6%, and a dependency rate of 68.3% at discharge time (Rankin > 2). An age increase of 10 years was found in mortality, associated with a 29% increase in mortality risk. As well, having hypertension, chronic kidney disease, inflammatory markers (D dimer and ferritin) and the severity of the stroke were associated with mortality. Finally, the severity of stroke, lymphopenia, and inflammatory markers (D dimer and fibrinogen) were associated with greater risk of dependency. Conclusions: The care system of stroke patients was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in two of Perú’s major public hospitals. There was a decrease in admissions and reperfusion treatments of stroke cases, and 1.37% of patients with COVID-19 presented a stroke. Age, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, inflammatory markers and severity of stroke were associated with mortality in these patients.
Gliomas de alto grado en pacientes pediátricos post - radioterapia: reporte de dos casos en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Perú.
Authors: Mego-Ramírez Fiorela Noelí , Casavilca-Zambrano Sandro , Negreiros Chinchihuara Tatiana Karina , Cancino Maldonado Karina , Ojeda Medina Luis , Orrego Puelles José Enrique , Díaz Coronado Rosdali
Published: November 2022

Los gliomas de alto grado inducidos por radioterapia (GIR) son una complicación poco frecuente, pero con un pronóstico ominoso. Poco se sabe sobre la biología subyacente de los gliomas de alto grado post-radiación, aunque algunos estudios sugieren que no hay características histológicas y/o citogenéticas únicas para distinguirlos de los glioblastomas de novo. En el presente artículo, se reportan dos casos pediátricos que reunen criterios para ser considerados GIR y se discute piezas de literatura pertinente. Dos pacientes menores de 10 años sin antecedentes genéticos y clínicos de relevancia fueron diagnosticados en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas de Lima, como portadores de glioma cerebral primario y luego de la aplicación de ciclos de radioterapia, desarrollaron tumores gliales secundarios de alto grado, que fueron validados histopatológicamente en ambos casos. Este reporte enfatiza la necesidad de determinar los factores de riesgo, las vías moleculares de tumorogenesis post- radioterapia y objetivos terapéuticos probables.
Desgaste profesional y estado de ánimo laboral en enfermeras de un hospital de lima metropolitana
Authors: Cueva Oxolón Mariela , Iparraguirre Baltazar Patricia Dora
Published: November 2022

El objetivo fue determinar la relación entre desgaste profesional y el estado de ánimo laboral en enfermeras del servicio de hospitalización de un hospital de Lima Metropolitana, de noviembre del 2018 a marzo del 2019. Fue un estudio correlacional, analítico, con datos secundarios. El desgaste profesional fue medido con el Inventario de Burnout de Maslach (MBI) y el estado de ánimo laboral fue medido con la Escala Utrecht Work Engagement (UWES). La muestra fueron 73 enfermeras de dicho establecimiento, con una edad promedio de 48.6 años. Las dimensiones del estado de ánimo laboral fueron vigor, dedicación y absorción y las del desgaste profesional fueron el agotamiento emocional, la despersonalización y la realización personal, esta última fue analizada como variable mediadora entre las otras dos y las dimensiones del estado de ánimo laboral. Los resultados indican que el desgaste profesional está asociado negativamente con el estado de ánimo laboral y que existe un efecto directo pero negativo del vigor sobre el agotamiento emocional y de la dedicación sobre la despersonalización. La realización personal no medió ninguno de esos efectos.
Long COVID Classification: Findings from a Clustering Analysis in the Predi-COVID Cohort Study
Authors: Fischer Aurélie , Badier Nolwenn , Zhang Lu , Elbeji Abir , Wilmes Paul , Oustric Pauline , Benoy Charles , Ollert Markus , Fagherazzi Guy
Published: November 2022

The increasing number of people living with Long COVID requires the development of more personalized care, as for now limited treatment options and rehabilitation programs adapted to the variety of Long COVID presentations are available. Our objective was to design an easy-to-use Long COVID classification to help stratifying people with Long COVID. Individual characteristics and a detailed set of 62 self-reported persisting symptoms together with quality of life indexes 12 months after initial COVID-19 infection were collected in a cohort of SARS-CoV-2 infected people in Luxembourg. A hierarchical ascendant classification (HAC) was used to identify clusters of people. We identified 3 patterns of Long COVID symptoms with a gradient in disease severity. Cluster-Mild encompassed almost 50% of the study population and was composed of participants with less severe initial infection, fewer comorbidities, and fewer persisting symptoms (mean=2.9). Cluster-Moderate was characterized by a mean of 11 persisting symptoms and a poor sleep and respiratory quality of life. Cluster-Severe was characterized by a higher proportion of women and smokers as in the other clusters, with a higher number of Long COVID symptoms, in particular of vascular, urinary, and skin symptoms. Our study evidenced that Long COVID can be stratified in 3 sub-categories in terms of severity. If replicated in other populations, this simple classification will help clinicians to personalize the care of people with Long COVID.
Повышение качества расчeта сеточных методов с помощью критериев независимой верификации решений
Authors: Вышинский Виктор Викторович , Vyshinskii Viktor Viktorovich , Раздобарин А М , Razdobarin A M
Published: November 2022

Предложена методика улучшения качества расчeта при решении краевых задач вычислительной аэрогидромеханики с помощью критериев независимой верификации решений, основанных на принципе максимума давления. Приведены конкретные примеры решения задач аэродинамики.
Модели, связывающие межрегиональную миграцию и дружбу в России
Authors: Федина А Ю , Fedina A Yu , Яшунский Алексей Дмитриевич , Yashunskii Aleksei Dmitrievich
Published: November 2022

Открытые профили пользователей социальных сетей могут служить источником демографической и социологической информации, в частности, данных об интенсивности социального взаимодействия между регионами («дружбы регионов»). Ранее профили пользователей социальной сети VK были проиндексированы и обработаны для формирования географически привязанной базы данных, опубликованной в рамках проекта webcensus.ru. В настоящей работе эти данные используются для выявления взаимосвязей между интенсивностями межрегиональной миграции и дружбы для регионов и районов России. Исследуются четыре модели, позволяющие прогнозировать число межрегиональных дружеских связей на основе данных о числе пользователей в регионах и количестве мигрантов между регионами. Показано, что модель, учитывающая всю систему межрегиональных миграционных потоков, позволяет точнее предсказывать число дружеских связей, чем рассмотрение каждой пары взаимодействующих регионов отдельно от остальных.
Preliminary Study; Hidrothermal Alteration on Supergene Copper Deposits in Tonra Area Bone Regency South Sulawesi Province
Authors: Kandora Tri Andriyani HS , Nur Irzal , Irfan Ulva Ria
Published: November 2022

Outcrops of supergene copper mineralization of azurite, and malasite types were found in the Tonra Region, Bone Regency, South Sulawesi Province. Hydrothermal alteration can be used to interpret and understand the origin of supergene mineralization and identify hypogene mineralization. This research includes identification of hydrothermal alteration mineral types and their alteration types. Sample processing using megascopic analysis, microscopic petrography and XRD mineralogy. The results of megascopic analysis show three altered outcrops with physical changes as markers of altered rock. Microscopic analysis of petrography and XRD mineralogy showed the presence of quartz, paligorskit, kaolinite, illite, chlorite, ankerite, calcite, zeolite, epidote, and sphalerite minerals. This research explains that in the research location has two types of argillic and propylitic alteration. The type of argillic alteration is characterized by the presence of quartz-kaolinite-illite minerals, based on the formation temperature in the range of 100-300oC and acidic pH. The propylitic alteration type is characterized by chlorite-epidote-carbonate minerals, based on the formation temperature ranging from 150-300oC and neutral pH.
Risk Factors for Adjacent Segment Disease Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion with Plate Fixation
Authors: Kwok Wallace C.H. , Wong Christina Y.Y. , Law Jason H.W. , Tsang Vy W.T. , Tong Leo W.L. , Samartzis Dino , An Howard S. , Wong Arnold Y.L.
Published: November 2022

Background:

Adjacent segment disease (ASD) following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with plating (ACDF-P) may yield a poor prognosis or reoperation. This review aimed to summarize risk factors for radiographic ASD (RASD) and clinical ASD (CASD) after ACDF-P.

Methods:

Six electronic databases were searched from inception to October 30, 2021. Four reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full-text articles to identify relevant studies. Methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated. Meta-analyses for risk factors were conducted, if possible.

Results:

Sixteen cohort and 3 case-control studies (3,563 participants) were included. These studies showed low (n = 2), moderate (n = 9), and high (n = 8) risk of bias. One risk factor for RASD was pooled for 2 meta-analyses based on the follow-up period. Four different risk factors for CASD at ≥4 years were pooled for meta-analyses. Limited evidence showed that multi-level fusion, greater asymmetry in total or functional cross-sectional area of the cervical paraspinal muscle, and preoperative degeneration in a greater number of segments were associated with a higher RASD incidence <4 years after ACDF-P. In contrast, no significant risk factors were identified for CASD <4 years after ACDF-P. At ≥4 years after ACDF-P, limited evidence supported that both cephalad and caudal plate-to-disc distances of <5 mm were associated with a higher RASD incidence, and very limited evidence supported that developmental canal stenosis, preoperative RASD, unfused C5-C6 or C6-C7 adjacent segments, use of autogenous bone graft, and spondylosis-related ACDF-P were associated with a higher CASD incidence.

Conclusions:

Although several risk factors for RASD and CASD development after ACDF-P were identified, the supporting evidence was very limited to limited. Future prospective studies should extend the existing knowledge by more robustly identifying risk factors for RASD and CASD after ACDF-P to inform clinical practice.

Level of Evidence:

PrognosticLevel IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Mamíferos del departamento de Sucre, Colombia
Authors: Chacón Pacheco Julio J. , Salcedo-Rivera Gerson A. , Zárrate-Charry Diego A
Published: November 2022

Se presenta la lista de los mamíferos del departamento de Sucre, basada en la revisión de especímenes depositados en colecciones biológicas, registros novedosos y disponibles en la literatura científica y observaciones de los autores. Encontramos 143 especies, que representan el 26.3 % de los mamíferos registrados en Colombia. Cinco especies son endémicas de Colombia: Cebus versicolor, Pattonomys semivillosus, Proechimys chrysaeolus, Saguinus oedipus y Sylvilagus sanctaemartae; cinco han sido categorizadas como Datos Insuficientes, y 13 y 17 se encuentran en alguna categoría de amenaza a nivel nacional y global, respectivamente. Se registra por primera vez para Colombia el murciélago Ametrida centurio, con base en una fotografía tomada en el municipio de Santiago de Tolú. Registramos mayor riqueza de especies al norte del departamento, en las subregiones Golfo Morrosquillo y Montes de María, probablemente producto del mayor esfuerzo de recolección. Es necesario incrementar los esfuerzos locales, debido a la insuficiente o nula exploración en algunas áreas del departamento.
Riqueza y estado de salud de la colección de ornitología del Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad del Ecuador
Authors: Garzón Santomaro César Leonardo , Proaño Bolaños Cecilia , Pozo Zamora Glenda Marisol , Cadena Ortiz Héctor Fernando
Published: November 2022

Aplicamos el Índice de Salud de Colecciones (ISC) para conocer el estado de conservación e identificar prioridades de manejo de la colección de ornitología (MECN.Or) del Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INABIO) del Ecuador. Analizamos el estado físico y la información asociada de todas las aves depositadas en la colección, en dos diferentes períodos de tiempo. En 2014, el número de especímenes en buen estado curatorial y que podían ser usados en investigación fue de 75.7 %, mientras que en 2019 se incrementó a 87.1 %. La prioridad más importante del manejo de la colección es un mayor ingreso de especímenes, ricos en información asociada, para ser utilizadas en futuros trabajos de investigación y conservación. La riqueza de la colección es de 9874 especímenes, pertenecientes a 1295 especies de aves, siendo los órdenes taxonómicos más representados Passeriformes, Apodiformes y Piciformes. La colección incluye 28 especímenes tipo, que fueron utilizados para descripción de nuevas especies y subespecies de aves para el Ecuador.
Willis coupling in one-dimensional layered bulk media
Authors: Muhlestein Michael
Published: November 2022

Willis coupling, which couples the constitutive equations of an acoustical material, has been applied to acoustic metasurfaces with promising results. However, less is understood about Willis coupling in bulk media. In this paper a multiple-scales homogenization method is used to analyze the source and interpretation of Willis coupling in one-dimensional bulk media without any hidden degrees of freedom, or one-dimensional layered media. As expected from previous work, Willis coupling is shown to arise from geometric asymmetries, but is further shown to depend greatly on the measurement position. In addition, a discussion of the predicted material properties, including Willis coupling, of macroscopically inhomogeneous media is presented.
Flörkeite, (K3Ca2Na)[Al8Si8O32]·12H2O: A Rare Zeolite from Pyrometamorphic Rocks of the Hatrurim Complex, Israel
Authors: Skrzyńska Katarzyna , Cametti Georgia , Galuskina Irina O. , Vapnik Yevgeny , Galuskin Evgeny
Published: November 2022

Flörkeite, a rare zeolite with PHI (phillipsite) framework type, was found in numerous amygdaloidal voids in pyrometamorphic rocks of the Hatrurim Basin, Hatrurim Complex, Israel. This is the second reported occurrence of flörkeite previously found in a Ca-rich xenolith from a quarry at the Bellerberg volcano near Ettringen, East Eifel volcanic area, Germany. The mineral with the empirical crystal chemical formula (K2.91Ca2.00Na0.91)[Al7.96Si8.04O31.94]·12H2O (P-1, no. 2, a=19.9366 2, b=14.2517 1, c=8.89350 10 Å, α=88.2480 1, β=125.0960 10, γ=89.6350 10, V=2019.19 4 Å3, and R=3.41%) did not show significant differences with respect to that of the type locality. The Raman spectrum of flörkeite is here reported for the first time. No significant differences are noticed compared to phillipsite-K. The main band ~470 cm-1, characteristic of the PHI-type structures, is independent on framework order and Si/Al ratio. The zeolite mineralization of amygdules in pyrometamorphic rocks results from meteoric water circulations in Al-rich rocks during their cooling. The crystallization sequence of zeolite corresponds to the Ca/(K+Na) ratio decrease. Flörkeite formed at the end of a low-temperature crystallization sequence, indicating the predominant role of potassium in crystallization. The occurrence of flörkeite in different pyrometamorphic rocks implies the relatively uniform, regional mineral-forming conditions, and open hydrologic system of zeolitization. In pyrometamorphic rocks of the Hatrurim Basin, the process of zeolitization is characterized by low silica activity and high pH conditions.
The Tricolored Blackbird in Washington State: First Assessment of Status and Distribution
Authors: McCormick Andrew J.
Published: November 2022

Breeding of the Tricolored Blackbird (Agelaius tricolor) in Washington State was first reported in 1998, but since then the species’ status and population trends have been poorly documented. I reviewed available data and found reliable reports of breeding at six locations, all in the Columbia Basin ecoregion, and additional reports of nonbreeding birds in 11 counties statewide. Breeding colonies were small, averaging 34 birds. All colonies were in emergent vegetation, and birds moved among them over the 24 years covered by this assessment. The relatively arid environment of the Columbia Basin, the limited extent of wetlands suitable for nesting, and the intensification of agriculture, implying a reduction in insect populations, likely inhibit the expansion of the Tricolored Blackbird’s range in Washington. A systematic survey of known and suitable breeding locations within the Columbia Basin ecoregion, more intensive monitoring of colonies during the breeding season, an assessment of foraging habitats, and a review of the Tricolored Blackbird in the Washington State Wildlife Action Plan for 2025 should be the next steps in assessing the status and trends of the species.
Systematic and integrated analysis of tRNA-derived small RNAs reveals novel potential pathogenesis targets of sarcoidosis
Authors: Zhao Min , Tian Chang , Di Xin , Cong Shan , Cao Yingshu , Wang Ke
Published: November 2022

The pathogenesis of sarcoidosis, which involves several systems, is unclear, and its pathological type is non-caseating epithelioid granulomas. tRNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA) is a novel class of short non-coding RNAs with potential regulatory functions. However, whether tsRNA contributes to sarcoidosis pathogenesis remains unclear. Deep sequencing technology was used to identify alterations in tsRNA expression profiles between patients with sarcoidosis and healthy controls. A total of 360 tsRNAs were identified for exact matches. Among them, the expression of three tRNAs (tiRNA-Glu-TTC-001, tiRNA-Lys-CTT-003, and tRF-Ser-TGA-007) was markedly regulated in sarcoidosis and validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The expression of various tsRNAs was significantly correlated with age, the number of affected systems, and calcium levels in the blood. Additionally, target prediction and bioinformatics analyses revealed that these tsRNAs may play roles in chemokine, cAMP, cGMP-PKG, retrograde endorphin, and FoxO signalling pathways. The Cytoscape software was used for visual analysis to obtain 10 hub genes of each target tsRNA. Among the hub genes, APP, PRKACB, ARRB2, and NR5A1 finding may participate in the occurrence and development of sarcoidosis through immune inflammation. This study provides novel insights to explore tsRNA as a novel and efficacious pathogenic target of sarcoidosis.
Systems consolidation induces flexible egocentric-allocentric recall for observational fear memory
Authors: Terranova Joseph , Ogawa Sachie , Kitamura Takashi
Published: November 2022

Observers can learn to fear the context where they witnessed a demonstrator’s aversive events, a socially-transmitted learning called observational contextual fear conditioning (CFC), which is essential for survival. While observers should recall memory of observational CFC from their (egocentric) perspective or a demonstrator’s (allocentric) perspective depending on ecological contexts, the neural mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that remote observational CFC memory is both egocentrically and allocentrically recalled, whereas recent observational CFC memory is only egocentrically recalled. Egocentric recall of recent observational CFC memory requires dorsal hippocampus activity, while, surprisingly, both egocentric and allocentric recall of remote observational CFC memory requires the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)-basolateral amygdala pathway. Finally, mPFC activity during observational CFC is necessary for remote, but not recent, egocentric and allocentric recall of observational CFC memory. Our data provide new insights into flexible recall strategies of observational CFC memory and functional reorganization of circuits underlying memory consolidation.
Machine learning-enabled design of architected materials
Authors: Peng Bo , Wei Ye , Qin Yu , Dai Jiabao , Li Yue , Liu Aobo , Tian Yun , Han Liuliu , Zheng Yufeng , Wen Peng
Published: November 2022

Architected materials that consist of multiple subelements arranged in particular orders can demonstrate a much broader range of properties than their constituent materials. However, the rational design of these materials generally relies on experts' prior knowledge and requires painstaking effort. Here, we present a data-efficient method for the multi-property optimization of 3D-printed architected materials utilizing a machine learning (ML) cycle consisting of 3D neural networks and the finite element method (FEM). Specifically, we applied our method to orthopedic implant design. Compared to expert designs, our experience-free method designed microscale heterogeneous architectures with biocompatible elastic modulus and higher strength. Furthermore, inspired by the knowledge learned by the neural networks, we developed a machine-human synergy, adapting the ML-designed architecture to fix a macroscale, irregularly shaped animal bone defect. Such adaptation exhibits 20% higher experimental load-bearing capacity than the expert design. Thus, our method opens a new paradigm for the fast and intelligent design of architected materials with tailored mechanical, physical, and chemical properties.
Effectiveness of an educational intervention to promote psychosocial wellbeing of school-going adolescents in Sri Lanka
Authors: Vithana Chiranthika , Lokubalasooriya  , Pragasan Ganeshamoorthy , Mahagamage Kanchana Lanka , Nanayakkara  , Herath Himali Prasangika , Karunarathna Priyani , Perera  , de Silva Chithramalee , Jayawardane  , Wickramasinghe
Published: November 2022

Background: One fifth of Sri Lankan population consists of adolescents with 71% of them are school going. Extreme need exists in the country for introducing of evidence-based intervention for psychosocial wellbeing of adolescents. Present study assessed the effectiveness of an educational intervention to promote psychosocial wellbeing of school-going adolescents in grade nine in Western Province, Sri Lanka
Materials and methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted among grade nine students in Western Province in 2019. Panadura Medical Officer of Health (MOH) area was selected as the interventional area (IA) and Kelaniya MOH area was identified as the control area (CA). Teachers at schools in the IA received training on psychosocial health promotion of adolescents and they delivered the activity-based, educational intervention package to the grade nine students as 20-minute sessions in the classrooms during a 3-month period. Pre- and post-intervention assessments of attitudes and practices related to psychosocial wellbeing of adolescents were conducted using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Categorical data were compared using Chi-Square or Fisher’s Exact test. Mann-Whitney U test was applied to determine the difference between medians of the pre- and post-intervention scores on attitude and practices on psychosocial wellbeing.
Results: A total of 1040 grade nine students were enrolled. There was a statistically significant increase in median score on attitudes [81.8 (IQR:75.5-85.5) to 82.3(IQR:78.6-87.2] and practices [81.7(IQR: 76.1-85.7) to 83.1(IQR: 79.1-86.9)] in the IA while there was no significant difference in the CA. The proportion of bullied adolescents in past 30 days reduced significantly from 14.8% (n=38) to 7.9% (n=20) in IA(p=.03) whereas there was a slight reduction from 17.1% (n=44) to 11.3% (n=26) in CA (p=.17).
Conclusions: Present psycho-social intervention is effective in improving the psychosocial wellbeing of school adolescents though long-term effectiveness was not assessed.
Research on warping and dross formation of overhang structure manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Lin Pengcheng , Wang Meng , Vyacheslav Trofimov A , Yang Yongqiang , Song Changhui
Published: November 2022

Warping and dross formation are the main defects of overhang structure formed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion. In order to study the process of warping and dross formation, the “7” shape overhang structure with different lengths and heights of overhang was printed. The influence of temperature field and stress field on the forming quality of overhang structure was analysed by numerical simulation. The results of experiment and simulation showed that there were significant differences in the forming process of temperature field between solid support zone and powder support zone. Due to the poor thermal conductivity of powder, the molten pool in the powder support zone was much larger than that in the solid support zone. On one hand, the molten pool sank due to the action of gravity and capillary force, which lead to the melting of the powder outside its original shape and contour, formed a droplet like dross formation on the lower surface. On the other hand, the temperature difference between regions led to large thermal stress. When the thermal stress exceeded the material strength, warping deformation occurred on the top area and affected the subsequent powder laying process. The powder could not be spread on the warping zone so it was remelted when the next layer is processed. As the number of forming layers increased, the original powder area became solid after fusion and solidification, so the thermal conductivity and stiffness increased continuously, the variation of temperature tended to be stable and the deformation of the top area gradually decreases. The study of warping and dross formation process was helpful to understand the defect change process in overhang manufacturing process.
ATG Spectrum Analysis and Interference Mitigation for Intelligent UAV IoT
Authors: Liu Lei , Li Chaofei , Zhao Yikun
Published: November 2022

As UAV Internet of Things (IoT) applications continue to grow, so does interest in the development of Air-to-Ground (ATG) systems, which can effectively expand communication system coverage. To maximize utilization of frequency resources, the ATG system adopts frequency reuse with the 5G system on the ground. This research studies the co-channel interference between ATG and 5G at 3.5 GHz as well as the neighboring channel interference with C-band fixed satellite service (FSS). We do research on various ATG aircraft flying altitudes and horizontal distances, which yields multiple potential interference reduction strategies. Finally, numerical results are shown to demonstrate the efficacy and productivity of our proposed methods.
Validation of artificial intelligence containing products across the regulated healthcare industries
Authors: Higgins David , Johner Christian
Published: November 2022

Purpose The introduction of artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI/ML) products to the regulated fields of pharmaceutical research and development (R&D) and drug manufacture, and medical devices (MD) and in-vitro diagnostics (IVD), poses new regulatory problems: a lack of a common terminology and understanding leads to confusion, delays and product failures. Validation as a key step in product development, common to each of these sectors including computerized systems and AI/ML development, offers an opportune point of comparison for aligning people and processes for cross-sectoral product development. Methods A comparative approach, built upon workshops and a subsequent written sequence of exchanges, summarized in a look-up table suitable for mixed-teams work. Results 1. A bottom-up, definitions led, approach which leads to a distinction between broad vs narrow validation, and their relationship to regulatory regimes. 2. Common basis introduction to the primary methodologies for AI-containing software validation. 3. Pharmaceutical drug development and MD/IVD specific perspectives on compliant AI software development, as a basis for collaboration. Conclusions Alignment of the terms and methodologies used in validation of software products containing artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI/ML) components across the regulated industries of human health is a vital first step in streamlining processes and improving workflows.
Correlation between patient-specific quality assurance in volumetric modulated arc therapy and 2D dose image features
Authors: Guo Yixiao , Hu Jinyan , Li Yang , Ran Juntao , Cai Hongyi
Published: November 2022

In radiotherapy, air-filled ion chamber detectors are ubiquitously used in routine dose measurements for treatment planning. However, its use has been restricted by intrinsic low spatial resolution barriers. We developed one procedure for patient-specific quality assurance (QA) in arc radiotherapy by coalescing two adjacent measurement images into a single image to improve spatial resolution and sampling frequency, and investigated how different spatial resolutions affect the QA results. PTW 729 and 1500 ion chamber detectors were used for dosimetric verification via coalescing two measurements with 5mm-couch shift and the isocenter, and only isocenter measurement, which we call coalescence and standard acquisition (SA). Statistical process control (SPC), process capability analysis (PCA), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to compare the performance of the two procedures in identifying clinically relevant errors and determining tolerance levels. By analyzing 1256 γ values calculated on interpolated data points, our results indicated that detector 1500 had higher averages in coalescence cohorts at different tolerance criteria and the dispersion degree was spread out smaller. Detector 729 yielded a slightly lower process capability of 0.79, 0.76, 1.1, and 1.6, but detector 1500 exhibited somewhat different results of 0.938, 1.42, 1.19, and 1.34 in magnitude. SPC individual control chart showed that cases in coalescence cohorts with γ values lowering its lower control limit (LCL) were greater than those in SA cohorts for detector 1500. A combination of the width of multi-leaf collimator (MLC) leaf, the cross-sectional area of the single detector, and the spacing between adjacent detectors might lead to discrepancies in percent γ values across diverse spatial resolution scenarios. The accuracy of reconstructed volume dose is mainly determined by the interpolation algorithm used in dosimetric systems. The magnitude of filling factor in the ion chamber detectors determined its ability to detect dose deviations. SPC and PCA results indicated that coalescence procedure could detect more potential failure QA results than SA while enhancing action thresholds.
Effectiveness of Cue-Based Feeding to Improve Time to Nipple Feed and Time to Discharge in Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Spagnoli Jonathan , Dhanireddy Ramasubbareddy , Chilakala Sandeep
Published: November 2022

Feeding readiness is a requirement to be discharged from the NICU. Assessing readiness for feeding can be subjective and without structure. Cue-based feeding offers a more objective and individually tailored approach to assess feeding in neonates. The literature on cue-based feeding is lacking and has variable results. This study of over 500 patients in a level III NICU offers additional data on the subject for very low birth weight neonates. Additionally, we show how this method can get very low birthweight neonates transitioning to PO faster and getting discharged sooner. Improvement in these outcomes can decrease adverse outcomes associated with hospital stays and decrease the financial burden on families and hospital systems.
Prevalence and Impact of Poorly Controlled Modifiable Risk Factors among Patients Undergoing Atrial Fibrillation Ablation
Authors: Stout Kara , Almerstani Muaaz , Adomako Rees , Shin David , Tandon Hannah , Schleifer John William , Payne Jason , Easley Arthur , Khan Faris , Windle John , Goyal Neha , Tsai Shane , Anderson Daniel , Naksuk Niyada
Published: November 2022

Purpose: Managing atrial fibrillation (AF) risk factors (RF) improves ablation outcomes in obese patients. However, real-world data including non-obese patients is limited.
Methods: Pre-specified modifiable RFs among 724 consecutive patients undergoing AF ablation at a tertiary care hospital from 2012 to 2019 were examined. These included body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2, > 5% fluctuation in BMI, obstructive sleep apnea with continuous positive airway pressure non-compliance, uncontrolled hypertension, uncontrolled diabetes, uncontrolled hyperlipidemia, tobacco use, alcohol use above the standard recommendation, and a diagnosis-to-ablation time (DAT) > 1.5 years. The primary outcome was a composite of arrhythmia recurrence, cardiovascular admissions, and cardiovascular death.
Results: We identified a high prevalence of pre-ablation modifiable RFs with more than 50% of the study patients experiencing uncontrolled HLD, BMI ≥ 30 mg/m2, fluctuating BMI > 5% or experiencing delayed DAT. During a median follow-up of 2.6 (interquartile range 1.4, 4.6) years, 467 (64.5%) patients met the primary outcome. Independent RFs were a fluctuation in BMI > 5% (hazard ratio [HR] 1.31; P = 0.008), diabetes with A1c ≥ 6.5% (HR 1.50; P = 0.014) and uncontrolled hyperlipidemia (HR 1.30; P = 0.005). A total of 264 (36.46%) patients had at least two of these predictive RFs, which was associated with higher incidence of the primary outcome. Delayed DAT over 1.5 years did not alter the ablation outcome.
Conclusions: Substantial portions of patients undergoing AF ablation have potentially modifiable RFs that were not well controlled. Fluctuating BMI, diabetes with HbA1c ≥ 6.5%, and uncontrolled HLD portend an increased risk of recurrent arrhythmia, CV hospitalizations and mortality following ablation.
A comparative analysis between forest ecosystems in the Atlantic Forest biome, Southern Brazil
Authors: Bressane Adriano , Silva Julia Villalta , Silva Mirela Beatriz , Siminski Alexandre , Medeiros Liliam César de Castro , Negri Rogério Galante
Published: November 2022

For the monitoring and assessment of forest ecosystems of the Atlantic Forest biome, the Brazilian guidelines define a set of indicators to classification of successional stages in regenerating. However, such guidelines do not consider possible differences between forest ecosystems in this biome. This study presents a comparative analysis to verify the hypothesis of differences between forest ecosystems in the Atlantic Forest biome when compared at equivalent successional stage. The analysis employed a database of the Floristic Forest Inventory of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil, with 460 sample units, evaluated based on 5 key indicators variables of successional stages. Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Dunn's procedure were applied to compare the forest ecosystems with basis on the key indicators. The entire analysis considered two-way tests with 5% significance (α), 95% of power (1-β), and a minimum detectable effect size (ρ) of 20%. The statistical tests confirmed the research hypothesis. At least in one of the multiple paired comparisons in later forest successional stages, the indicator variables showed significant differences. Considering that the stage of forest succession comprises the primary criterion for analyzing vegetation suppression requests, the presented results should support and motivate the review of current guidelines. As a perspective for future studies, artificial intelligence methods should be evaluated as a support tool for classifying the forest regeneration stage.
Identification and transcriptome data analysis of ARF family genes in five Orchidaceae species
Authors: Bai Yiwei , Ma Yanjun , Chang Yanting , Zhang Wenbo , Deng Yayun , Zhang Na , Zhang Xue , Fan Keke , Hu Xiaomeng , Wang Shuhua , Jiang Zehui , Hu Tao
Published: November 2022

The Orchidaceae is a large family of perennial herbs especially noted for the exceptional diversity of specialized flowers adapted for insect pollination. Elucidating the genetic regulation of flowering and seed development of orchids is an important research goal with potential utility in orchid breeding programs. Auxin Response Factor (ARF) genes encode auxin-responsive transcription factors, which are involved in the regulation of diverse morphogenetic processes, including flowering and seed development. However, limited information on the ARF gene family in the Orchidaceae is available. In this study, 112 ARF genes were identified in the genomes of five orchid species (Phalaenopsis aphrodite, Phalaenopsis equestris, Vanilla planifolia, Apostasia shenzhenica, and Dendrobium catenatum). These genes were grouped into seven subfamilies based on their phylogenetic relationships. Compared with the ARF family in model plants, such as Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa, one subfamily of ARF genes involved in pollen wall synthesis has been lost during evolution of the Orchidaceae. This loss corresponds with absence of the exine in the pollinia. Transcriptome analysis indicated that the ARF genes of subfamily 4 may play an important role in flower formation and plant growth, whereas those of subfamily 3 are potentially involved in pollen wall development. Through mining of the published genomic and transcriptomic data for the five species, the present results provide novel insights into the genetic regulation of unique morphogenetic phenomena of orchids. This study lays a foundation for further analysis of the regulatory mechanisms and functions of sexual reproduction-related genes in orchids.