bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RELASI KEKUASAAN DALAM PEMBELAJARAN KIMIA PADA SMA RINTISAN SEKOLAH BERTARAF INTERNASIONAL DI BALI
Authors: Wiratma I Gusti Lanag
Published: February 2021

Abstract: Power Relation in Chemistry Instruction at Pilot Project of International Senior High School in Bali. This study aimed at explaining the relation between the power and meanings behind the phenomenon occurred in the chemistry instruction in pilot project of international senior high school (RSBI) in Bali. The study employed a qualitative method in particular phenomenological approach. The data were collected by using observation, interview, and document study. The instruments used were observation sheet, interview guideline, and check list. Subsequently, the collected data were analysed in a descriptive interpretative approach. The results show that the chemistry instruction has not yet conducted optimally due to lack of laboratory practices. This is resulted from the presence of hegemonic structure among the authority from the top to lower level and ultimately exert the power to students. As the consequence, the students do not obtain maximum learning experience as required by the curriculum and most likely they experience the unbalance of intelligence development as it was prioritized on cognitive rather than affective and psychomotor. This situation was worsened by the political imaging set up by the authorities to maintain their status quo that leads to co-modification culture in education. Keywords: co-modification, education, laboratory, RSBI Abstrak: Relasi Kekuasaan dalam Pembelajaran Kimia pada SMA Rintisan Bertaraf Internasio-nal di Bali. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan relasi kekuasaan dan makna di balik fenomena yang terjadi pada pembelajaran kimia SMA Rintisan Sekolah Bertaraf Internasional (RSBI) di Provinsi Bali. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif, dengan pendekatan fenomenologis. Cara pengambilan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumen. Instrumen yang di-gunakan adalah pedoman observasi, pedoman wawancara, dan daftar chek (check list). Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis diskriptif interpretatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pem-belajaran kimia belum dilakukan secara optimal karena sangat minim melakukan pembelajaran praktik di laboratorium. Hal ini disebabkan karena adanya hegemoni terstruktur yakni dari penguasa yang lebih tinggi ke penguasa yang lebih rendah, sampai pada siswa. Siswa tidak memeroleh pengalaman belajar yang maksimal seperti yang tertera di dalam kurikulum. Perkembangan kecerdasan siswa tidak se-imbang, lebih mengutamakan ranah kognitif dari pada afektif dan psikomotor. Kondisi ini tercipta kare-na adanya kepentingan politik pencitraan untuk mempertahankan status quo yang cenderung mengarah pada budaya komodifikasi pendidikan. Kata-kata Kunci: komodifikasi, laboratorium, pendidikan, RSBI
PENGEMBANGAN TES KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KREATIF
Authors: Redhana I Wayan
Published: February 2021

Abstract: The development of creative thinking skill test. The study was aimed to develop free-content-creative thinking skill test used to measure students’ creative thinking skills. To develop that test, research and development utilizing Borg and Gall model was conducted. Steps of the develop-ment in the study were conducted until preliminary testing. Findings of library study indicated that indicators or scales of creative thinking skills being used to design the creative thinking skills inclu-ded fluency, originality, and flexibility. Findings of field study found that some teachers did not know if there were tests to measure students’ creative thinking skills and they did not create the creative thinking skill test. The test being developed in the study consisted of 18 items. The prelimi-nary testing produced one item needed to be revised and the remainings could be used. Reliability of test was very high with r value of 0.880. Keywords: creative thinking, flexibility, fluency, originality, test Abstrak: Pengembangan Tes Keterampilan Berpikir Kreatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengem-bangkan tes keterampilan berpikir bebas konten yang dapat digunakan untuk mengukur keteram-pilan berpikir siswa. Untuk mengembangkan tes tersebut, penelitian dan pengembangan model Borg dan Gall dilakukan. Tahap pengembangan pada penelitian ini sampai pada tahap uji coba terbatas. Hasil-hasil studi pustaka menunjukkan bahwa  indikator atau skala keterampilan berpikir kreatif yang digunakan untuk menyusun tes keterampilan berpikir kreatif meliputi kelancaran, keaslian, dan keluwesan. Hasil-hasil studi lapangan menemukan bahwa beberapa guru tidak mengetahui jika terdapat tes yang dapat mengukur kemampuan berpikir kreatif seseorang dan guru belum pernah membuat tes keterampilan berpikir kreatif. Tes keterampilan berpikir kreatif yang dikembangkan pada penelitian ini terdiri atas 18 butir soal. Uji coba terbatas tes menghasilkan satu butir soal direvisi, butir soal sisanya dapat dipakai. Reliabilitas tes sangat tinggi, yaitu dengan nilai r sebesar 0,880. Kata-kata Kunci: berpikir kreatif, keaslian, kelancaran, keluwesan, tes
PENGARUH PELATIHAN PLYOMETRIK LOMPAT BANGKU DAN LOMPAT MELEWATI BANGKU TERHADAP DAYA LEDAK OTOT TUNGKAI
Authors: Budhiarta I Made Danu
Published: February 2021

Abstract: The Effect of Plyometric Exercise of Jumping on Benches and Jumping over Benches on Explosive Power of Leg Muscles. This study aimed at describing (1) the quality of the explosive power of the students’ leg muscles and (2) analyze the difference of explosive power of the students’ leg muscles between group of students that learn using plyometric jumping on benches and plyometric jumping over benches at Physical Health and Recreation Education Departement FOK Undiskha. This type of research belonged to a quasi experimental research. The explosive po-wer was obtained by converting the high gain scores of the vertical jump test with body weight on the basis of Lewis’ nomogram scale. Then the data were analyzed using covariance analysis by SPSS program version 17.0. The result shows that, (1) the quality of the explosive power of the stu-dents’ leg muscles was poor. (2) plyometric exercise of jumping on benches and jumping over ben-ches could improve explosive power of students’ leg muscles significantly, and (3) the improve-ment of explosive power of the students’ leg muscles with plyometric jumping on benches was bet-ter than plyometric jumping over benches (F = 7.872  dan p = 0.001 < a = 0.05). Keywords: exercise, explosive power of leg muscles, plyometric jumping on benches, plyometric jumping over benches Abstrak: Pengaruh Pelatihan Plyometrik Lompat Bangku dan Lompat Melewati Bangku ter-hadap Daya Ledak Otot Tungkai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mendeskripsikan kualitas da-ya ledak otot tungkai mahasiswa dan (2) menganalisis perbedaan daya ledak otot tungkai antara ma-hasiswa yang mendapat pelatihan plyometrik lompat bangku dan lompat melewati bangku di Jurusan Penjaskesrek FOK UNDIKSHA. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuasi eksperimen. Data daya ledak diperoleh dengan mengkonversi skor tinggi raihan dari hasil tes vertical jump dengan berat ba-dan berdasarkan skala nomogram dari Lewis. Selanjutnya data dianalisis menggunakan analisis va-rians dengan program SPSS 17,0. Hasil penelitian ini adalah (1) kualitas daya ledak otot tungkai ma-hasiswa berada dalam kategori kurang, (2) pelatihan plyometric lompat bangku dan lompat melewati bangku sama-sama dapat meningkatkan daya ledak otot tungkai mahasiswa secara signifikan, dan (3) peningkatan daya ledak otot tungkai mahasiswa dengan pelatihan plyometrik lompat bangku (PLB) lebih besar dari pada plyometrik lompat melewati bangku (PLMB) (F = 7,872  dan p = 0,001 < a = 0,05). Kata-kata Kunci: daya ledak otot tungkai, pelatihan, plyometrik lompat bangku, plyometrik lompat melewati bangku
Percepción docente sobre la cooperación universitaria al desarrollo en la Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo
Authors: Vega Cano Rosa , Rivera Fernández Rogelio
Published: February 2021

Aun cuando las universidades han tenido y mantienen una relevancia significativa como fuentes de conocimientos transferibles a la sociedad, los avances alcanzados en términos del desarrollo sostenible son escasos, parcelados y con efectos sinérgicos limitados. Por ello, este trabajo se planteó como objetivo analizar la forma en que se contribuye al desarrollo desde las funciones sustantivas de la Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo (UMSNH) mediante la percepción de sus docentes. Se utilizó un enfoque mixto, con la intención de recabar información basada en la subjetividad de los profesores universitarios, para después hacer un análisis mediante técnicas estadísticas que permitieran cuantificar las opiniones de los docentes de forma general y por dimensiones de análisis. Finalmente, se analizó la información para identificar posibles relaciones entre variables. Por tanto, se trata de un estudio descriptivo-correlacional que se apoyó en la aplicación de una encuesta a una muestra aleatoria simple conformada por 336 docentes adscritos a dicha universidad, con representatividad de todas las áreas del conocimiento. Los resultados permitieron identificar una percepción muy favorable acerca de la cooperación de esta universidad para mejorar las condiciones del entorno mediante sus actividades de docencia, investigación y extensión y difusión; sin embargo, estas son insuficientes y, según la propia opinión de los docentes, los esfuerzos por generar sinergias a favor del desarrollo sostenible deben ser incrementados en cuantía y cualidades. Asimismo, se encontró que los profesores universitarios asumen una responsabilidad con el desarrollo social que, desde el ejercicio de su labor, pueden cumplir. En ese sentido, la UMSNH se encuentra en un momento clave que debe aprovechar para fortalecer su legitimidad y pertinencia social.
Wear resistance of strengthened layers with nanocrystalline structure in friction with boundary lubrication
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Gurey Volodymyr
Published: February 2021

Friction treatment refers to surface strengthening (hardening) methods using highly concentrated energy sources. The source of thermal energy occurs in the contact area of the tool-part due to high-speed friction (60–90 m/s) of the tool on the treated surface. The heating rate of the metal surface layer is 105–106 K/s. After moving the energy source from the contact zone, high-speed cooling of the surface layer of the metal takes place. The cooling rate is 104–5∙105 K/s. Under the action of high-speed heating and cooling of the contact area of the tool-part in the surface layers, a strengthened (hardened) nanocrystalline (white) layer is formed. The formed nanocrystalline surface layer has other physical, mechanical, chemical properties in comparison with the base metal of the part. Studies have shown that in the process of friction treatment of working surfaces of parts made of Steel 40NiCr6 (quench hardening and low-temperature tempering) a strengthened layer with a thickness of 250–320 μm with a hardness of 7.6–9.2 GPa is formed. The grain size of the surface strengthened layer was 20–40 nm near the treated surface. The formation of the strengthened layer is influenced by the shape of the working surface of the tool. Thus, a strengthened layer of greater thickness and hardness is obtained when machining with a tool with transverse grooves on the working part than with a tool with a smooth working part. Experimental studies in friction with maximum lubrication of pair “Steel 40NiCr6 and Grey Cast Iron GG20” showed that the strengthened nanocrystalline layer significantly increases the performance during sliding friction. Only samples made of steel were strengthened, counter-samples made of gray cast iron were not strengthened. The wear intensity of strengthened pair is 2.2–3.1 times less compared to unstrengthened pair. During the friction of the strengthened pair, the coefficient of friction and the temperature in the sliding zone also decrease. The best results were obtained when studying the friction pair in which the samples were strengthened with a tool with transverse grooves on its working part.
The Effect of AC (alternating current) and DC (direct current) on Bend Testing Results of Low Carbon Steel Welding Joints
Authors: Firmanda Zetri , Aziz Abdul , Rahim Bulkia
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) on the bend testing results of low carbon steel welding joints. The results of this study are expected to determine the cracks that occur from the root bend and face bend testings in the AC and DC welding process. This study used experimental method, where the research was done by giving AC and direct polarity DC (DC-) SMAW welding treatments. The material used in this research was low carbon steel plate DIN 17100 Grade ST 44, thickness 10 with E7016 electrode type. The process of welding joints used a single V seam, strong current of 90A, and the welding position of 1G. The testing of welding joints was carried out by bend testing using the standard acceptance of AWS D1.1 root bend and face bend testing results. The results of the bend testing showed that the AC welding root bend test specimen held no cracks while the DC welding root bend test held cracks with incompelete penetration and open crack defects. On the contrary, the AC welding face bend test had open crack defects and in the DC welding face bend test was found a crack. Thus, there was a difference in the crack resistance of the welding joint from the types of current used through the root bend test and face bend test. Therefore, it can be summarized that AC welding is better for root welding and DC welding is good for capping welding.
Stability Study of Flat Hull Ship for Fishing Tourism
Authors: Nabawi Rahmat Azis , Syahril Syahril , Salmat Salmat
Published: February 2021

The availability of boats is needed to develop fishing tourism. Most of the boats used so far generally use fishing boats made of woodcut in the forest, so this can damage the environment and cause natural disasters. Ships using a flat plate hull made of steel can be a substitute for wooden ships. This study aims to test the stability of a flat plate vessel designed for fishing boats. The ship stability test was carried out using a computer simulation method using Maxsurf Stability software. The ship stability criteria refer to the International Maritime Organization code A.749 (18), Ch 3-design criteria applicable to all ships. The ship stability analysis was carried out on two variations of the load case. The value of GZ at A h 300, A h 400 and A h 300 - A h 400 for load case 1 and 2 are greater than the minimum standards determined by IMO. The maximum GZ value at load case 1 occurs at an angle of 400 and at load case 2 at an angle of 60.90. The GM value in load case 1 is 0.609 meters and in load case 2 is 0.485 meters. Based on the results of the tests that have been carried out, it can be denied that the flatboat design model for fishing tourism meets the criteria set by the International Maritime Organization.
Results of experimental studies of changes in the level and heating of the main condensate in mixing-type LPH
Authors: Sukhorukova E. A. , Trifonov N. N. , Kolpakov S. P.
Published: February 2021

In the thermal circuits of domestic steam turbines, mixing-type low-pressure heaters (LPH) with free-flow jet water distribution and counter-flow of water and steam are widely used. The choice of the counterflow variant of the media movement ensures the most efficient heat transfer. However, the technical problem of ensuring reliable operation of LPH in the entire range of design loads of TPP and NPP power units is still relevant.

During the commissioning and operation of mixing-type LPH in 800÷1200 MW turbines of TPP and NPP, the presence of metal knocks in the zone of the check valve, hydraulic shocks in the heating section were revealed. A priori, these phenomena indicated design flaws in LPH or manufacturing defects in their production. Research carried out by NPO CKTI specialists showed that periodic hydraulic shocks in the heating section and metal knocks occur as a result of uneven distribution around the circumference of the main condensate and steam supply. This leads to a breakdown of the check valve and the destruction of perforated plates and off-design heating of water in the volume of the annular LPH water chamber. To clarify the causes of the damage, develop recommendations for the reconstruction of the apparatus and further account for the design, two series of experimental studies were carried out on mixing-type heaters of 800 MW turbine units PNSV-2000-1 and PNSV-2000-2 manufactured at PJSC Krasny Kotelshchik. The purpose of the experimental studies was to determine the change in the water level in the water chamber and the heating of the main condensate in the elements of the heating compartment during normal operation of the power unit at loads of 400÷850 MW. Based on the results of the research, the method for calculating the mixing-type LPH has been refined, taking into account the revealed non-uniformity of water heating in the water chamber, recommendations for their reconstruction have been developed and implemented.
Implementation of Social Forestry Policy: A Review of Community Access
Authors: Budi Budi , Kartodihardjo Hariadi , Nugroho Bramasto , Mardiana Rina
Published: February 2021

The issuance of social forestry licence and the achievement of benefits to the community in the post-licensing stage are still obstacles and difficulties for the community which is demanding the community access. The research aims to analyze the access of the community of social forestry licence holders in the pre-licence and post-licensing stages through field studies in forest community of Beringin Jaya Lampung and people’s forest plantation of Hajran Jambi qualitatively. In the pre-licence stage, the two license holder communities have the same access to all members who will be involved, information, facilitator, and government authorities. In the post-licensing stage, Beringin Jaya community has higher access to all members, facilitator, information, knowledge, government authorities, capital, technology, programs/activities of agencies and local markets, compared to Hajran community. Access to these matters is carried out by the community and facilitated by facilitator by linking the community to those who control these matters –which are not adequately provided by social forestry policies– through processes, mechanisms and social relationships. Successful facilitation of access requires networked capacity among community members and networking with other parties outside the community. The high level of access and networking capacity of community to obtain benefits from the implementation of social forestry policies must be supported by the suitability of subject-objects in granting licence at the pre-licence stage and the availability of supporting infrastructure.
Kinetika Reaksi Hidrolisis Pati Biji Alpukat (Persea americana Mill) dengan Katalis HCl
Authors: Rahmawati Sitti , Asnila Asnila , Suherman Suherman , Abram Paulus Hengky
Published: February 2021

One of the plants that can be used as raw material for making sugar is plants that contain starch content such as avocado seeds. This study aims to determine the reaction order, the reaction rate constant from the hydrolysis of avocado seed starch using HCl. The method of this research is to determine the optimum concentration of HCl hydrolysis reaction from avocado seed starch using various concentrations of HCl (0.5 M; 1 M; 1.5 M; 2 M; 2.5 M) at the optimum temperature and stirring time (90oC for 70 minute). The hydrolysis process was followed by neutralization using 5 M NaOH solution and evaporated to obtain concentrated glucose, glucose was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by the Benedict method and the phenol sulfuric acid method. Based on the results of the maximum glucose levels obtained from the hydrolysis of variations in the concentration of HCl avocado seed starch, HCl 1.5 M. Furthermore, determine the kinetics of the starch hydrolysis reaction using time variations (30, 40, 50, 60 and 70) minutes at 90oC and concentrations The HCl 1.5 M. reaction order is determined by the intral method and the graph method. Determination of the first order graph method is done by plotting the value of ln [A] versus time, while the second order by plotting the value of 1 / [A] versus time. The first order with a 93% confidence level was obtained from the value of R2 = 0.9312, while the second order was 85% obtained from the value of R2 = 0.8581. Determination of the order of the integral method k value tends to remain in the first order formula with an average of k = 0.01962 minutes-1. Based on the two methods, it can be determined that the kinetics of the avocado seed starch hydrolysis reaction follows a first-order reaction.
European Adhesive Bonder
Authors: Barbosa Ana , Da Silva Lucas , Loureiro Ana , Marques Eduardo , Carbas Ricardo , De Barros Sílvio
Published: February 2021

Adhesive bonding is increasingly being used in industrial applications mainly due to its adaptability and ability to reliably join a wide range of materials. Numerous industrial sectors have now adopted adhesive bonding as a key manufacturing technology, with the automotive industry being the leader in adhesive usage. This is a key sector for the European Union (climate and energy policy, which has established a target of improving energy efficiency in the European Union by 20% by 2020. Consequently, this industry is constantly demanding lighter, stronger, more durable and more environmentally friendly materials. The increasing popularity of this technology is linked to the noteworthy benefits related with its application, compared to traditional joining process, such as welding or mechanical fastening process. With the increasing popularity of such joining techniques comes the necessity to train qualified professionals. The European Welding Federation developed a harmonized qualification system, which divides the training process into 3 levels: European Adhesive Bonder (EAB), Specialist (EAS) and Engineer (EAE). Currently, in Portugal, the first level of training, corresponding to European Adhesive Bonder is already in operation. The EAB level is accredited by the European Welding Federation (EWF) and therefore meets the requirements of EWF-515r1-10 and EWF-515r2-19 to which the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto is bound as a result of the accreditation as an ATB (Authorized Training Body). This training is targeted for professionals using adhesive bonding technology and professionals who do not currently use this technology but want to use it, and as such has a strong practical component. In Portugal, since 2016, three EWF certified editions have been held, with a high approval rate and met the expectations and objectives of the participants.
Motivating Students to Engage in Preparation for Flipped Classrooms by Using Embedded Quizzes in Pre-class Videos
Authors: Jones Emily P. , Wahlquist Amy E. , Hortman Melissa , Wisniewski Christopher S.
Published: February 2021

Background: The success of flipped classrooms is dependent upon students’ preparation prior to class, the lack of which is the most common challenge associated with this teaching methodology. To mitigate this limitation, it is important to develop and assess methods of engaging learners during pre-class activities.
Objective: To determine if quiz delivery method (embedded throughout versus after pre-class videos) affects students’ knowledge retention, grades, and video viewing behavior.
Methods:  Participating students were randomized to take quizzes, either during pre-class videos via Panopto™ (EQV) or after pre-class videos in the traditional manner via Moodle™ (TMM).  Outcomes assessed included students’ knowledge retention, scores on pre- and post-class quizzes, and pre-class video viewing behavior (total views and minutes viewed per student) during a three-week period.  Having experienced both quizzing modalities during the semester, the perceptions from students in the EQV group were surveyed.
Results: Baseline assessment results of both groups (n = 27 per group) were comparable with a median score of 33% (IQR: 17, 50) in both groups.  Performance was also similar on knowledge retention [TMM: 67% (50, 83) vs. EQV: 83% (50, 83)], pre-class quiz scores [TMM: 90% (87, 97) vs. EQV: 93% (90, 95)], and post-class quiz scores [TMM: 93% (80, 100) vs. EQV: 87% (80, 100)], while students in the EQV group had more total views [10 (8, 12)] vs. [5 (2, 11)] and minutes viewed [71 (36, 108) vs. 35 (15, 81)]. Results from the perception survey administered to students in the EQV group (74.1% response rate) indicated a preference for embedded quizzes overall (58%) and for class preparation (75%) when compared with post-video quizzes.
Conclusion: Students’ knowledge retention and performance were similar in both EQV and TMM groups, though students in the EQV group were more engaged with videos and most of them preferred this quiz delivery.  Using embedded quizzes for formative rather than summative assessment might be an appropriate mechanism to encourage students’ viewing of pre-class videos and their preparation for flipped classes.
Covid Media Misguidance: A Case Report Highlighting the Influence of Media on Patient Medication Decision Making
Authors: Anderson Shaylee , Windscheffel Joe , Gunning Karen
Published: February 2021

Purpose: This case report details the influence of media on patients and the responsibility of health care providers to educate their patients on proper use of medications, and to be aware of potential misadventures based on messages in popular media.
Summary: The sudden rise of the COVID19 pandemic has led to media outlets reporting science without necessary peer review and has resulted in preliminary data presented as factual evidence. It is difficult for patients without an extensive medical background in science to fully understand the uncertainty of information shared in popular media. This was demonstrated when preliminary data showed potential promise of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment/prevention of COVID19. This led to patients requesting hydroxychloroquine prescriptions from their providers, as well as stockpiling medication, which led to a shortage. In addition, patients began taking chloroquine containing substances not intended for human consumption. Popular media created a belief in the general public that all antimalarial drugs may work to prevent COVID19. This case report presents an elderly patient that presented to clinic with shortness of breath and lightheadedness. Upon interviewing the patient, it was discovered that he had been taking an old supply of atovaquone and proguanil hydrochloride. Physical exam, and laboratory examination were evaluated to rule out any other etiology with all tests and exams being unremarkable. Two weeks after stopping atovaquone and proguanil hydrochloride, the patient’s symptoms completely resolved.
Conclusion: The media provides a significant portion of the information that patients receive regarding rapidly changing treatment information in a pandemic. It is crucial for health care providers to know what information patients are exposed to, and to educate patients with evidence-based information.  Pharmacists are the most accessible health care providers and have a key role in medication review and management. Educating patients on evidence-based use of medications may help avoid harm caused by misinformation from unreliable media sources.
Medicaid Formulary Decisions and the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review: Abandoning Pseudoscience in Imaginary Pharmaceutical Pricing Claims
Authors: Langley Paul
Published: February 2021

Medicaid formulary committees and other gatekeepers face a difficult task. On the one hand they can utilize technical expertise in evaluating the real world evidence for clinical, quality of life and resource utilization claims for competing products while on the other hand they may be asked to assess claims built by simulation models for pricing and product access. A common option has been to take modeled claims from third parties such as the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER) at face value without challenging the model structure, its assumptions and its incremental cost-per-QALY claims set against competing products or the existing standard of care. Unfortunately, from the available evidence, it seems clear that many formulary assessment groups, last but not least those for whom the ICER modeling claims are targeted, have little if any appreciation of the limitations of ICER modeling. There are two substantive issues: (i) a failure to appreciate the limitations imposed by the standards of normal science for credible, empirically evaluable and replicable product claims and (ii) an understanding of limitations imposed by the axioms of fundamental measurement. In the latter case, a failure to recognize that the quality adjusted life year (QALY) is an impossible mathematical construct (hence the I-QALY). To these limitations should be added the potential for constructing competing imaginary claims. Surprisingly, ICER has provided the ideal opportunity to construct competing claims with the launch in late 2020 of the ICER Analytics cloud platform. Formulary committees and other health decision makers should be aware that claims based on the ICER Analytics platform together with competing lifetime modelled claims all fail the standards of normal science. Factoring these into formulary decisions is not only misguided but may have unintended consequences for pricing and access that may disadvantage significantly patients and caregivers. We have spent too much time debating the merits or otherwise of the I-QALY for targeted patient groups with the parties failing to recognize that the focus on simulated cost-per-I-QALY value assessments is a mathematical folly; I-QALY claims are a chimera. The I-QALY, at long last, should be abandoned together with modelled lifetime simulations. Medicaid formulary decision makes should rethink the required evidence base for formulary decisions and negotiations. Care should be taken to revisit previous negotiations where ICER recommendations have been utilized to support pricing and access.
It Takes a Village: Evaluating the Feasibility and Acceptability of a Community-Based Parenting Program
Authors: Holt Jeana , Mosely Amy , Baldwin Vanessa , Barnes Linda , Muhammad Charlotte , Cohen S. Michele
Published: February 2021

Background: A community-academic partnership responded to a community-voiced need to address parenting challenges while living in poverty.
Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a community-based intervention that included positive parenting strategies to build and support healthy families, and behavioral health promotion.
Design: Multi-method pilot study
Findings: Focus group participants (n=11) valued the program highly. There were no changes in participants' (n=36) Perceived Stress Scale scores after program completion (p>0.05, d=0.063).
Conclusions: Participants were highly engaged throughout the program and requested a longer duration of the intervention to continue to build social connectivity.
Learning to Ally: Partnerism and the Portland Protests
Authors: Baker Leah
Published: February 2021

While the Black Lives Matter protests in Portland, Oregon have been largely portrayed in the media as destructive, violent, chaotic, and without focus, many participants experienced something entirely different. This article shares one white person’s experience in a number of racial justice gatherings and protests in Portland from June until August 2020, on the ground and on the “front lines” – in the spirit of and with a focus on social justice, community, and caring, and through a partnership studies (partnerism) lens.
Partnership Policies: A Conversation with Jennifer Siebel Newsom, The First Partner of California
Authors: Eisler Riane
Published: February 2021

Riane Eisler interviews Jennifer Siebel Newsom, wife of the Governor of California, the most populous U.S. state, who chose the title First Partner rather than First Lady to describe her position. In addition to her role in crafting partnership government policies, Jennifer is a mother, actress, and noted filmmaker, whose documentaries Miss Representation, The Mask You Live In, and The Great American Lie have gained wide acclaim. She has been a leader in California and internationally in raising awareness of the need for, and benefits of, caring partnership government policies.
Effect of treated wastewater irrigation on plant growth and biochemical features of two wheat cultivars under elevated level of CO2 and UV-B radiation
Authors: Al Hamedi Fatima Hasan , Karthishwaran Kandhan , Salem Mohammed Abdul
Published: February 2021

Climate change is a serious problem affecting worldwide agricultural production and encourages researchers to investigate plant responses and grow crops under changed growing conditions. In arid and semiarid regions, treated wastewater is a common alternative source of water for irrigation. The proposed study examined the impact of irrigation with treated wastewater and the effects on the growth of wheat crops of environmental stress factors, including UV radiation and carbon dioxide. The experiment was conducted in a transparent Open Top Chambers facility and the treatments were administered in the hot UAE climate for ninety days. In order to understand the physiological mechanisms of plant adaptation under the conditions given, physiological and biochemical characteristics such as anti-oxidant enzymes have been assessed. The results revealed that the elevated CO2 level increased the growth parameters, whereas when compared to control, the UVB treatment affected plant growth. In the seedling process, established under regulated development, the differential response of antioxidant activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POX) activities were observed among intrinsic biochemical activity in the selected Wheat varieties. Our findings show that wheat varieties are suitable as industrial crops for the production of antioxidants under irrigation with treated wastewater because the quantity and quality of their yield have not been affected. This practice will contribute to a clean environment and the stress on freshwater will be reduced by its reuse.
Hepatite B na Amazônia: revisão integrativa
Authors: Pimenta Raissa de Sousa Marinho , Guinhazi Natália Pezzin , Coelho Raphaela Antunes , Costa Alice Frazão , Baetas Ana Carolina Furtado Ribeiro , Oliveira Andressa Viana , Brito Ana Paula Santos Oliveira , Cordeiro Herbert Paulino , Garcia Hamilton Cezar Rocha
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão integrativa de artigos voltados para os casos de hepatite B na Amazônia. Métodos: Este estudo consiste em uma revisão da literatura, realizada entre 2013 e 2019, na qual realizou-se consulta a artigos científicos em língua inglesa, portuguesa e espanhola, selecionados através de busca no banco de dados do Scielo e da Bireme, a partir das fontes Medline e Lilacs. Resultados: Foram selecionados 26 artigos e todos atrelam às altas taxas de prevalência da infecção pelo vírus da hepatite B na Amazônia. Dentre esses, 5 artigos abordam sobre a prevalência da infecção nos estados do Pará, Acre, Rondônia e Amazonas, 7 artigos focam em aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos, 4 se pautam no diagnóstico, 5 sobre os diferentes tratamentos e 5 abordam sobre medidas profiláticas. Considerações finais: Conclui-se que a Hepatite B é um grave problema de saúde no Brasil, sobretudo na região amazônica, por conta de imunização ausente ou incompleta, embora as vacinas protetoras contra a hepatite B tenham sido introduzidas. Por isso, há necessidade de reavaliação dos programas já instituídos e implementação de novas políticas a fim de reduzir a hepatite B na população.
Detecção de Enterobacterales produtoras de carbapenemases em pacientes colonizados, atendidos em um Hospital Universitário
Authors: Lima Mariana Magaldi de Souza , Fernandes Daniela Greco Garcia , De Oliveira Elaini Aparecida , Pinheiro Maikeline Paraguassú , Ferreira Douglas Guedes , Zahner Viviane , Chagas Thiago Pavoni Gomes , De Mendonça-Souza Claudia Rezende Vieira
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Investigar a produção de carbapenemase entre amostras de Enterobacterales obtidas a partir de culturas de vigilância, de pacientes internados em um hospital universitário no Rio de Janeiro, bem como a distribuição das espécies bacterianas e seus perfis de sensibilidade. Métodos: Os swabs retais foram coletados na admissão dos pacientes e, após, semanalmente, nas unidades: Coronariana, Diálise, Emergência, Hematológica, Pediatria, e de Terapia Intensiva. As amostras obtidas foram submetidas a métodos fenotípicos para detecção de produção de carbapenemases. A identificação bacteriana foi realizada por meio de espectrometria de massas. O perfil de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos foi determinado por disco-difusão e a detecção dos determinantes genéticos foi realizada por meio da Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase. Resultados: A produção de carbapenemases foi observada em 34,9% dos isolados. As espécies mais frequentes foram Klebsiella pneumoniae (68,4%) e Escherichia coli (15,8%). Uma elevada taxa de multirresistência (89,5%) foi observada entre as Enterobacterales produtoras de carbapenemases (EPC). Verificou-se que 81,6% das amostras apresentavam o gene blaKPC e 15,8%, o blaNDM. Duas amostras foram concomitantemente positivas para os genes blaKPC/blaNDM. Conclusão: Foi observada uma elevada taxa de colonização por EPC multirresistentes, com predominância de K. pneumoniae carreando  blaKPC.
The Permeation Mechanism of Cisplatin through a Dioleoylphosphocholine Bilayer
Authors: Ruano Lorena , Cárdenas Gustavo , Nogueira Juan Jose
Published: February 2021

The investigation of the intermolecular interactions between platinum-based anticancer drugs and lipid bilayers is of special relevance to unveil the mechanisms involved in different steps of the anticancer mode of action of these drugs. We have simulated the permeation of cisplatin through a model membrane composed of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine lipids by means of umbrella sampling classical molecular dynamics simulations. The initial physisorption of cisplatin into the polar region of the lipid membrane is controlled, in a first moment, by long-range electrostatic interactions with the choline groups and, in a second step, by long-range electrostatic and hydrogen bond interactions with the phosphate groups. The second half of the permeation pathway, in which cisplatin diffuses through the nonpolar region of the bilayer, is characterized by the drop of the interactions with the polar heads and the rise of attractive interactions with the non-polar tails, which are dominated by van der Waals contributions.
Intrinsically Polar Piezoelectric Self-Assembled Oligopeptide Monolayers
Authors: Petroff Christopher , Cassone Giuseppe , Šponer Jiří , Hutchison Geoffrey
Published: February 2021

Flexible, bio-compatible piezoelectric materials are of considerable research interest for a variety of applications, but many suffer from low response or high cost to manufacture. Herein, novel piezoelectric force and touch sensors based on self-assembled monolayers of oligopeptides are presented which produce large piezoelectric voltage response and are easily manufactured without the need for electrical poling. While the devices generate modest piezoelectric charge constants (d33) of up to 9.8 pC N−1, they exhibit immense piezoelectric voltage constants (g33) up to 2 V m N−1. Furthermore, a flexible device prototype is demonstrated that produces open-circuit voltages of nearly 6 V under gentle bending motion. Improvements in peptide selection and device construction promise to further improve the already outstanding voltage response and open the door to numerous practical applications.
A Data-Driven Dimensionality Reduction Approach to Compare and Classify Lipid Force Fields
Authors: Capelli Riccardo , Gardin Andrea , Empereur-mot Charly , Doni Giovanni , Pavan Giovanni M.
Published: February 2021

Molecular dynamics simulations of all-atom and coarse-grained lipid bilayer models are increasingly used to obtain insights useful for understanding the structural dynamics of these assemblies. In this context, one crucial point concerns the comparison of the performance and accuracy of classical force fields (FFs), which sometimes remains elusive. To date, the assessments performed on different classical potentials are mostly based on the comparison with experimental observables, which typically regard average properties. However, local differences of structure and dynamics, which are poorly captured by average measurements, can make a difference, but these are non-trivial to catch. Here we propose an agnostic way to compare different FFs at different resolutions (atomistic, united-atom, and coarse-grained), by means of a high-dimensional similarity metrics built on the framework of Smooth Overlap of Atomic Positions (SOAP). We compare and classify a set of 13 force fields, modeling 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) bilayers. Our SOAP kernels-based metrics allows us to compare, discriminate and correlate different force fields at different model resolutions in an unbiased, high-dimensional way. This also captures differences between FFs in modeling non-average events (originating from local transitions), such as for example the liquid-to-gel phase transition in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) bilayers, for which our metrics allows to identify nucleation centers for the phase transition, highlighting some intrinsic resolution limitations in implicit vs. explicit solvent force fields.
SARS-CoV-2 Mutations in Brazil: From Genomics to Clinical Conditions
Authors: Timmers Luis , Peixoto Julia , Ducati Rodrigo , Bachega Jose Fernando , Pereira Leandro Mattos , Caceres Rafael Andrade , Majolo Fernanda , Da Silva Guilherme Liberato , Anton Debora Bublitz , Goettert Marcia Inês , Antônio Dellagostin Odir , Henriques Joao , Xavier Leder , Laufer Stefan
Published: February 2021

Due to the high rate of transmissibility, Brazil became the new COVID-19 outbreak epicenter, being a reference region to monitor how SARS-CoV-2 is mutating and spreading. Here, we combined genomic and structural biology analysis evaluate genomes isolated from different regions of Brazil. We showed that the most prevalent mutations were located in the S, N, ORF3a and ORF6 genes, which are involved in different stages of viral life cycle and its interaction with the host cells. Structural analysis brought to light the positions of these mutations on protein structures, helping studies of structure-based drug discovery and vaccine development.
Reevaluating the Solution Photophysics of Tetraphenylethylene at the Origin of their Aggregation-Induced Emission Properties
Authors: rouillon jean , Monnereau Cyrille , Andraud Chantal
Published: February 2021

A detailled study on the physicochemical processes taking place at the excited state of tetrapheyleneethylene derivatives, accounting for their spectacular well known AIE properties. Fo the firts time, quantum yield measurement allow to precsiley establish the implication of the different events (nonradiative dissipation, E/Z photoisomerization, Photocyclisation) responsive for full luminescence quenching in solution. Evidence is brought that E/Z photoisomerization is the dominant and almost exclusive mechanism at the origin of the phenomenon
Unified Synthesis of Polycyclic Alkaloids via Complementary Carbonyl Activation
Authors: He Guoli , List Benjamin , Christmann Mathias
Published: February 2021

A complementary dual carbonyl activation strategy for the

synthesis of polycyclic alkaloids has been developed. Successful applications include the synthesis of tetracyclic alkaloids harmalanine, harmalacinine, pentacyclic indoloquinolizidine alkaloid nortetoyobyrine, and octacyclic β-carboline alkaloid peganumine A. The latter synthesis features a protecting-group-free assembly and an asymmetric disulfonimide catalyzed cyclization. Furthermore, formal syntheses of hirsutine, deplancheine, 10-desbromoarborescidine A, and oxindole alkaloids rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline have been achieved. Finally, a concise synthesis of berberine alkaloid ilicifoline B was completed.
A Combined Photobiological-Photochemical Route to C10 Cycloalkane Jet Fuels from Carbon Dioxide via Isoprene
Authors: Rana Anup , Gomes Leandro Cid , Rodrigues João , Arrou-Vignod Hugo , Sjölander Johan , Proos Vedin Nathalie , El Bakouri Ouissam , Stensjö Karin , Lindblad Peter , Andersson Leena , Berglund Mathias , Lindberg Pia , Ottosson Henrik
Published: February 2021

The hemiterpene isoprene is a volatile C5 hydrocarbon, with industrial applications. It is generated today from fossil resources, but can also be made in biological processes. We have utilized engineered photosynthetic cyanobacteria for direct, light-driven production of bio-isoprene from carbon dioxide, and show that isoprene in a subsequent photochemical step, using simulated or natural solar light, can be dimerized into limonene, paradiprene, and isomeric C10H16 hydrocarbons (monoterpenes) in very high yields (above 90% after 44 hours) under sensitized conditions. The optimal sensitizer in our experiments is di(naphth-1-yl)methanone which we can use with a loading of merely 0.1 mol%, and it is easily recycled for subsequent photodimerization cycles. The isoprene dimers generated are a mixture of [2+2], [4+2] and [4+4] cycloadducts, and after hydrogenation this mixture is nearly ideal as a jet fuel drop-in. Importantly, the photodimerization can be carried out at ambient conditions. The high content of hydrogenated [2+2] dimers in our isoprene dimer mix lowers the flash point below the threshold (38 °C), yet, these dimers can be converted thermally into [4+2] and [4+4] dimers. When hydrogenated these monoterpenoids fully satisfy the criteria for drop-in jet fuels with regard to energy density, flashpoint, kinematic viscosity, density, and freezing point.
N-Ammonium Ylide Mediators for Selective Electrochemical C–H Oxidation
Authors: Saito Masato , Kawamata Yu , Meanwell Michael , Navratil Rafael , Chiodi Debora , Carlson Ethan , Hu Pengfei , Chen Longrui , Udyavara Sagar , Kingston Cian , Tanwar Mayank , Tyagi Sameer , Mckillican Bruce , Gichinga Moses , Schmidt Michael A. , Eastgate Martin , Lamberto Max , He Chi , Tang Tianhua , Malapit Christian A. , Sigman Matthew S. , Minteer Shelley D. , Neurock Matthew , Baran Phil
Published: February 2021

The site-specific oxidation of strong C(sp3)-H bonds is of uncontested utility in organicsynthesis. From simplifying access to metabolites and late-stage diversification of lead compoundsto truncating retrosynthetic plans, there is a growing need for new reagents and methods forachieving such a transformation in both academic and industrial circles. One main drawback ofcurrent chemical reagents is the lack of diversity with regards to structure and reactivity thatprevent a combinatorial approach for rapid screening to be employed. In that regard, directedevolution still holds the greatest promise for achieving complex C–H oxidations in a variety ofcomplex settings. Herein we present a rationally designed platform that provides a step towardsthis challenge using N-ammonium ylides as electrochemically driven oxidants for site-specific,chemoselective C(sp3)–H oxidation. By taking a first-principles approach guided by computation,these new mediators were identified and rapidly expanded into a library using ubiquitous buildingblocks and trivial synthesis techniques. The ylide-based approach to C–H oxidation exhibitstunable selectivity that is often exclusive to this class of oxidants and can be applied to real worldproblems in the agricultural and pharmaceutical sectors.