bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conversation Analysis of Repair in EFL Classroom
Authors: L Rifhani Handayani , Dollah Syarifuddin , Jabu Baso
Published: May 2022

This research aims to: (1) describe the types of repair occurred during the conversation of the participants in the EFL classroom, (2) disclose the didactic repair occurred during the conversation in EFL classroom, and (3) examine the trouble source in the EFL classroom. This study applied descriptive qualitative method. The participants were the teacher and students at the XII Grade MIPA 1 of SMAN 1 Jeneponto. The research instruments employed in this research were observation and interview. Techniques of data collection were observation (e.g. recording and observational checklist), note-taking technique, and interview. The research findings showed three things. Initially, there were 41 repairs uttered by the participants in the EFL classroom which belonged to four types of repairs, i.e. self-initiated self-repair, self-initiated other repair, other-initiated self-repair, and other initiated other repair. Other-initiated other repair was the most often appearing types of repair, i.e. 22 times. Besides, the didactic repairs were also discovered, including form-and-accuracy (13 times of occurrence), and meaning-and-fluency (16 times of occurrence). However, there were several repairs which were not categorized into any of context of the didactic repair. Therefore, the researcher put them into other items in order to make them well arranged. Next, the common problems appeared within the conversation between teacher and students (or student and student) were mostly about the problem of understanding, then, followed by the linguistics problem of the student, and the technical problem i.e. mishearing and non-hearing.
The Students’ Perception towards English for Tourism and Hospitality in Terms of Task English Teaching Materials at Tourism Polytechnic of Makassar
Authors: Hasrul Hasrul , Atmowardoyo Haryanto , Noni Nurdin
Published: May 2022

English is the language of the present age and it is also a global language. A recent estimation suggests that while around 375 million people speak English as their first language, another billion use it as a second language, or learning (Barančicová and Zerzová 2015). The role of teaching materials plays a significant part in the development of language. This study aimed to describe the students’ perception towards English for Tourism and Hospitality in terms of task English teaching materials. This research applied a quantitative-qualitative approach and descriptive method. The results revealed that students’ perception was in very good category. It concluded that the role of academics and lecturers in conducting task on learning materials is carried out based on the objective of vocational curriculum and the achievement of student competence has been progressing according to the mechanism. It is suggested that in developing and establishing teaching materials, developer, teachers, stakeholder should consider the target perception, and the difficulties faced by the lecturers may be manipulated by preparing a lot before teaching.
The Implementation of Online Learning in Teaching Reading in an Indonesian Higher Education
Authors: Sakinah Nur , Salija Kisman , Jafar Muh. Basri
Published: May 2022

This study aims to determine how the implement of online learning in teaching reading, lecturers' perspectives on online learning, and the impact of online learning on students' reading achievement. Researchers use observation and interviews as qualitative research instrument case studies. The participants in this research were two lecturers in reading courses at IAIN Bone. The results of this study indicate that two lecturers use two different applications in implementing online learning, namely Google Meet and WhatsApp. In its implementation, it was found that students who use google meet media are more active in class than WhatsApp which spends a lot of time waiting for student responses. The found of the impact of online learning on student achievement is that classes that use google meet as an online learning medium show more improvement than WhatsApp. From the results obtained prove that in the implementation of online learning the media used will affect the improvement of student achievement.
The Correlational Study Between Personality, Learning Style and Vocabulary English Achievement of Students Grade Eight SMPN 25 Makassar
Authors: Harfiana Sitti , Atmowardoyo Haryanto , Salija Kisman
Published: May 2022

This research is aimed at finding out the correlation between students’ personality, learning style and vocabulary English achievement of the students grade eight SMPN 25 Makassar. This study applied correlation research design. The researchers used personality questionnaire from Taruna Psychology to investigate the student’s personality traits, learning style questionnaire by Barsch to investigate students’ learning style and vocabulary test to measure the vocabulary achievement of the students. The population of this research was all of students grade eight SMP 25 Makassar, and involving sample of one class that selected randomly consist of 30 students. After analyzing X1 Variable (Students’ Personality), X2 (Students’ Learning Style) and Y Variable (Students’ Vocabulary Achievement) the result of this research showed that most of the students was extrovert person, most of them also prefer auditory learning style, and most of students have very poor vocabulary achievement. The result of the questionnaire and test was analyzed by multiple regression analysis in SPSS 22.00. It was found that there was no correlation between personality and vocabulary achievement, also the correlation between students’ learning style and vocabulary achievement also showed that there was no correlation, and the correlation among personality, learning style and vocabulary achievement also found that there was no correlation.
Bilingualism in Bangladeshi education:
Authors: Shahed Faheem Hasan , Rahman Mohammad Mosiur
Published: May 2022

While English overwhelms a section of the Bangladeshi society by virtue of its ‘power and prestige’ factors, it has consolidated its position in the academic domains preserving its ‘fear and resentment’ aspects. Academic authorities demand producing considerable ‘English-knowing’ graduates every year, but a generic apprehension persists that these graduates can hardly meet the challenges of the white-collar local job markets. This apprehension proves that the stature of English is trapped inside an obscure policymaking. If we underscore the concern, also articulated by Pennycook (2002) for constant reciprocity between globalization and localization to avoid the hegemonic influence of English, we might be interested in critically reassessing the issue of bilingualism in our context based on this simple query: should bilingualism be imposed on all Bangladeshis? At the same time, given the falling standard of Bangla proficiency, the imperialism of English—as defined by Phillipson (1992)—also demands attention. Incorporating critical lenses of language planning and bilingualism and bilingual education, based on the content analysis of secondary sources such as published literature and expert opinions, we attempted to highlight the association of power and prestige with English leading to its imposition on Bangladeshi education system.
Politeness Strategies used by the First Semester EFL Students in Online Classroom Interaction at UNISMUH Makassar
Authors: Sunra La , Nengsi Sri Arna , Halim Abd.
Published: May 2022

This research highlights the politeness strategies used by the first semester EFL students in online classroom interaction at UNISMUH Makassar. The objectives of this research were: (1) find out the types of politeness strategies used by the first semester EFL students in online classroom interaction (2) examine the reasons why the first semester EFL students use politeness strategies in online classroom interaction (3) explore the lecturers’ perception about the politeness strategies used by the first semester EFL students in online classroom interaction. This research used descriptive-qualitative method. The subject of the research consisted of three classes in the first semester English Education Department at UNISMUH Makassar. The data were collected by using observation checklist, audio recorder and interview guides.  The result of this research revealed that (1) there were four politeness strategies used by the first semester EFL students in online classroom interaction at UNISMUH Makassar, they were bald on record strategy, positive politeness strategy, and negative politeness strategy and off record politeness strategy. From a total of 220 utterances, the most frequently used strategy was bald on record politeness strategy (109 times), positive politeness strategy (43 times), negative politeness strategy (65 times) and off record (3 times), (2) the reasons why students used politeness strategy were to make comfortable communication, create harmony, mutual respect, make the class calm and peaceful, and build intimacy and solidarity to avoid disputes and misunderstandings, (3) In lecturers' perceptions, in order to be polite in online classroom interaction, the first semester EFL students  used greeting, saying farewell, apologizing, permission, give deference and good cooperation in class.  The lecturers highly appreciate and have a good perspective on the politeness strategies used by the EFL students in online classroom interactions.
AVRUPA SAVCILIĞI VE BU KURUMUN BAKMAYA YETKİLİ OLDUĞU SUÇLAR
Authors: ULGAR Orbay Bahri
Published: May 2022

Avrupa Savcılığı (EPPO), Avrupa Birliği’nin mali çıkarlarına karşı işlenen suçlara karşı daha etkin bir mücadele ihtiyacı ile birlikte ortaya çıkmıştır. Kendi ulusal sistemlerinde yargının aktif üyeleri olan Avrupa Delege Savcılarının, kendi ulusal yasalarına göre EPPO adına soruşturma yürüterek kovuşturma aşamasında görev aldığı, ulusal ceza hükümlerini uygulayarak davalarını ulusal mahkeme önünde yargıya taşımaları şeklinde ilginç bir EPPO müessesesi oluşturularak 1 Haziran 2021 tarihinde faaliyete başlanmıştır. EPPO’nun bakacağı suçlar sınırlı olarak sayılmıştır. Yapılacak işlerin tek bir kurumsal yapı altında yürütülmesinin daha etkin ve objektif olarak takibi açısından katkı sağlasa da; bazı birlik üyesi devletlerin bu sisteme katılmamış olmasının yarattığı sorunlarla birlikte, aynı suçlar için soruşturma ve yaptırımların üye devlete bağlı olarak değişiklik göstereceğinden uygulama birliğinin ve ceza adaletinin sağlanması da sorunlar yaratması kaçınılmaz olacaktır. Bu çalışmada EPPO kuruluşu ve bakmaya yetkili olduğu suçlar ayrıntılı ele alınacaktır.
QUALITATIVE GROWTH IN THE AGGLOMERATIONS DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Institute for Regional Economic Studies Russian Academy of Sciences, Dorofeeva Lyudmila V. , Roslyakova Natalia A. ,   Institute for Regional Economic Studies Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2022

The coronavirus pandemic has given a new impulse to discussion about the development of agglomerations and small towns, raising issues of efficiency and quality of growth before the expert community. The past year 2020 has shown the limitations of the development of agglomerations and forced the authorities to pay attention to new trends in urban development, which largely depend on residents and their habits. Global crises are changing our perception of a comfortable urban environment, an established system of communication between the population, government and business. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the spatial development of Russia. Now, in the conditions of global instability, the process of import substitution is becoming more active, and the topic of territory development in the context of urban agglomerations is becoming the most relevant. The population of large cities is increasingly focused on moving to the periphery of agglomerations or beyond. Active work is underway to modernize the urban space. National projects involve replacing housing created during the Soviet “construction boom” with modern housing. However, if the capital cities successfully create the accompanying infrastructure, then regional cities until recently had significantly fewer opportunities. The solutions offered by modern development institutions are designed to alleviate the severity of this problem. The article considers the main directions of urban transformation and identifies promising vectors of development. The study examines the nature of the agglomerations development and the key patterns of their development to determine sufficient measures of influence and regulation.
PEOPLE’S AWARENESS OF THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (CASE STUDY OF THE VOLOGDA OBLAST)
Authors:   Vologda Research Center Russian Academy of Sciences, Babich Lyubov V.
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the work is to assess Vologda Oblast residents’ awareness of sustainable development and the implementation of the Agenda 2030. The assessment is based on the results of a sociological survey conducted by Vologda Research Center of RAS in May–June 2021. Scientific novelty of the study consists in the fact that it summarizes Vologda Oblast residents’ views on the implementation of the Agenda 2030, the most significant Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the main subjects of their implementation. Results: The majority of Vologda Oblast residents (59%) do not know anything about sustainable development and the SDGs. As people become older and more educated, their awareness increases. Intellectual workers are more aware of the concept and goals of sustainable development; however, among the “intellectuals” (including managers), the understanding of the SDGs is very superficial, only 11% know the term and its content, and 45% know the term, but do not know its content. According to Vologda residents, the most relevant SDGs are decent work, good health, no poverty, quality education (more than 50% of Vologda Oblast population noted the importance of these goals alone). The majority of respondents believe that the government should promote the SDGs (from 46 to 73%), emphasizing that it should be implemented from the federal to the municipal level, while only 7% of respondents consider the SDGs too idealistic and unattainable. The results of the study can be used to develop a concept for the implementation of the Sustainable Development Agenda at the regional level, involving the interaction of all interested parties and providing practical recommendations for the implementation of the SDGs in strategic planning documents and in the daily lives of citizens.
ADAPTATION OF RUSSIAN ENTERPRISES TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES: TRANSITION TO BAT AND SECONDARY PROCESSING OF RAW MATERIALS
Authors:   Institute of Economic Forecasting Russian Academy of Sciences, Zinchenko Yulia V.
Published: May 2022

The article analyzes the results of surveys of Russian enterprises in the real sector, conducted by the Institute of Economic Forecasting of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Trends in the participation of Russian enterprises in such sustainable development processes as the transition to the best available technologies and recycling are identified. A number of limitations that impede the implementation of reforms in the area of transition to BAT and recycling were identified.
BASIC SCIENTIFIC CATEGORIES OF THE CONCEPTUAL AND CATEGORICAL PLATFORM OF RESEARCH ON THE SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIA AND ITS REGIONS (CHAPTER II)
Authors:   Institute for Regional Economic Studies Russian Academy of Sciences, Kuznetsov Sergey V. , Yakishin Yurii V. ,   Institute for Regional Economic Studies Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2022

The article presents the results of substantiation of the most important, in the authors’ opinion, basic provisions of the conceptual and categorical platform for studies of spatial development of large socio-economic systems in terms of proposals on the composition and content of the basic scientific concepts. A number of scientific concepts used in spatial studies are considered. In them, individual objects and processes of some classes are distinguished according to common characteristics, which in the aggregate are specific to this class. The important groups of concepts include concepts that characterize the socio-economic system as a scientific category, socium, quality of life of the population, spatial development, external natural environment. Proposals for the content of the following most important provisions (one from each group) are substantiated: systems description typology, goal-setting of spatial development, management of spatial development, optimization of spatial development of the economy. The presented proposals of an axiological and methodological nature about scientific basic concepts can be used in the development of a conceptual and categorical platform of researching the spatial development of Russia and its regions.
An Inventory of Community College Short Term Contract Training Programs in the US
Authors: Miller Michael T.
Published: May 2022

Community colleges play an important role in assisting local business and industry by providing a variety of training programs for employees, including short-term programs. These contract training programs often receive public subsidies as an economic development incentive, and despite their popularity, relatively little is known about their structure, frequency of offerings, and challenges that face them. The purpose for conducting the current study was to profile and inventory these community college contract training offices. A survey was administered to a sample of 250 contract training administrators. Findings include a description of who these administrators report to, the experiences that prepared them for their positions, the typical number of programs they offer each year, how they recruit business participation, and the challenges they report facing the most frequently. These findings are important to policy makers, administrators, and scholars as they create a baseline understanding of how these programs are embedded in and represent their colleges.
تأثير الجير الحي علي الخصائص الهندسية للتربة المتمددة
Authors: حمزة عمر صديق مصطفى , محمد الأمين علي , محجوب محمد , حذيفة عوض , ياسر أحمد
Published: May 2022

هذا البحث يدرس تحسين الخصائص الهندسية للترب المتمددة كطبقة تأسيس للطرق وذلك بمعالجتها بنسب مختلفة من الجير الحي. أجريت إختبارات معملية لدراسة الخصائص الهندسية للتربة المتمددة قبل و بعد معالجتها بالجير. تم إضافة الجير لعينات التربة في المدى 3-8%. تم إجراء إختبارات حدود أتربيرج، الدمك، نسبة التحمل الكاليفورنية، نسبة الإنتفاخ الحر و ضغط الإنتفاخ على عينات التربة الطبيعية و المعالجة. أخذت عينات التربة لهذه الدراسة من الدمازين في السودان و بانتيو في جنوب السودان. أظهرت الإختبارات الأولية أن عينات التربة كانت تربة ذات قابلية عالية للتمدد. الجير المستخدم كان جير حي مأخوذ من أفران محلية بغرب مدينة أمدرمان. تم تحليل نتائج الاختبارات باستخدام برنامج ميكروسوفت اكسل. بمقارنة نتائج الإختبارات التي أجريت على عينات التربة الطبيعية و المعالجة، تمت ملاحظة تحسن واضح في خصائص لدونة التربة اذ تقلص مؤشر اللدونة حوالي 40% عند اضافة الجير. كذلك تحسنت خصائص الدمك و ذادت نسبة التحمل الكالفورنية بحوالي 50 مرة مما كانت عليه. بمقارنة قابلية الانتفاخ للتربة الطبيعية و المعالجة تقلص مؤشر الانتفاخ و كذلك ضغط الانتفاخ بصورة جوهرية عند اضافة الجير. في الخلاصة يمكن القول بأن معالجة الترب المتمددة باستخدام الجير الحي يحسن الخصائص الهندسية للتربة بصورة فعالة لتكون تربة تأسيس امنة للطرق.
Social Calls of the Bats of Britain and Ireland
Authors: Middleton Neil , Froud Andrew , French Keith
Published: May 2022

The social calls of bats are an area about which relatively little is known, with more research still required to expand our understanding. However, these calls are increasingly recognised as a useful aid to identification: they appear to be species specific and are indicative of behaviour – as in territorial activity of males during the mating season. Because the gathering and interpretation of bat echolocation data are a matter of course during research, conservation and consultancy, it is a logical progression to build momentum behind the consideration of social calls in mainstream bat-related work. A better understanding of this subject could mean that non-intrusive survey methods are developed, ensuring that what is being observed is, as far as possible, purely natural behaviour. In turn this will contribute to better interpretation and more suitable mitigation, compensation and/or enhancement solutions. The book summarises what is understood so far about social calls of the bat species occurring in Britain and Ireland, and north-west Europe. This new edition has been updated and expanded throughout, now containing: - foreword by the bat authority Michel Barataud, author of Acoustic Ecology of European Bats - almost double the number of figures and tables as appeared in the first edition - completely overhauled call library, all in full spectrum format, with new additional examples - three entirely new chapters, covering bat-related acoustics, settings for social interaction, and survey guidelines The material will be useful to people carrying out bat studies, at whatever level and for whatever purpose, and will also encourage others to undertake further research. What's more, social calls are fascinating to listen to: they are, after all, produced with listeners in mind (other bats). In light of this, the book is accompanied by an extensive downloadable library of sound files which offer a unique gateway into the private life of bats.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING THE BIOSTIMULATION METHOD IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF ALOE VERA JUICE
Authors: Абжан А.К. , Кизатова М.Ж. , Омаркулова Ж.К.
Published: May 2022

Человечество обратило внимание не только на питательную сторону растительных продуктов, но и на лечебно-целебные свойства.Казахскому народу издавна известны целебные свойства растений. Около 40% лекарств в мире производится из растений. Если посмотреть на пользу всех растений, произрастающих на земле, то 70 % лекарств от болезней сердца, 75 % лекарств от болезней ЖКТ, печени, 80 % лекарств от болезней матки, 80 % отхаркивающих, 65 % кровоостанавливающих препараты производятся только из растений.Сегодня спрос на препараты против запоров намного выше, чем раньше. Исходя из таких вопросов, мы рассмотрели новые, простые в применении препараты. Большинство лекарств от запоров производятся из растения сенны, и чем больше вы используете растение сенны, тем чаще организм к нему привыкает. Помня об этих проблемах, мы сосредоточились на других растительных препаратах. Рассматривая состав других растений, мы сосредоточились на алоэ вера.

Mankind paid attention not only to the nutritional side of plant products, but also to the healing properties. The healing properties of plants have long been known to the Kazakh people. About 40% of medicines in the world are made from plants. If you look at the benefits of all plants growing on earth, then 70% of medicines for heart disease, 75% of medicines for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, 80% of medicines for diseases of the uterus, 80% of expectorants, 65% of hemostatic drugs are made only from plants.Today, the demand for anti-constipation drugs is much higher than before. Based on such questions, we considered new, easy-to-use drugs. Most constipation medicines are made from the senna plant, and the more you use the senna plant, the more your body gets used to it. With these issues in mind, we focused on other herbal preparations. Looking at the composition of other plants, we focused on aloe vera.
HIV INFECTION IN PREGNANT WOMEN AND PRENATAL CARE (REVIEW OF LITERATURE)
Authors: Билибаева Г.Ж. , Оспанова Д.А. , Халмирзаева М.М.
Published: May 2022

В статье представлены краткие исторические аспекты ВИЧ-инфекции, эпидемия СПИДа в мире, пути передачи вируса от матери к ребенку, терапия уменьшающие риск передачи вируса. Особенности планирования беременности, услуги по охране материнства, АРТ терапия. Анализ зарубежных и отечественных источников литературы позволил нам установить, что проблема ВИЧ и беременность очень серьезна. Цель: Нашей целью было оценить современную литературу по ведению ВИЧ-инфекции у беременных. Результаты и выводы: ВИЧ-инфекция продолжает поражать миллионы женщин репродуктивного возраста, с повышенными показателями смертности и заболеваемости как среди матерей, так и среди младенцев. Более тщательная прегравидарная подготовка снизит вероятность неблагоприятных исходов для матери и плода и увеличит рождаемость здоровых детей у ВИЧ инфицированных женщин.

Resume. The article presents brief historical aspects of HIV infection, the AIDS epidemic in the world, ways of transmission of the virus from mother to child, therapies that reduce the risk of transmission of the virus. The peculiarities of pregnancy planning, maternity protection services, ART therapy. Analysis of foreign and domestic sources of literature allowed us to establish that the problem of HIV and pregnancy is very serious. Purpose: Our aim was to evaluate the current literature on the management of HIV infection in pregnant women. Results and сonclusions: HIV infection continues to affect millions of women of reproductive age, with increased mortality and morbidity in both mothers and infants. Better prenatal care will reduce the likelihood of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes and increase the rate of healthy births among HIV-infected women.
OAK BARK EXTRACTION METHODS FOR OBTAINING AN EXTRACT WITH A HIGH CONTENT OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES
Authors: Раганина К.Т. , Серiк Б.А. , Афонина А.В. , Омаркулова Ж.К. , Рахимова Н.А.
Published: May 2022

Лекарственные препараты растительного происхождения (ЛПРП), содержащих в качестве активных компонентов субстанции растительного происхождения, а именно лекарственное растительное сырье (ЛРС) или продукты на их основе, обладают широким спектром фармакологического действия за счет богатого содержания биологически активных веществ (БАВ), имеющие разнообразный состав и относящиеся к разным классам химических соединений, который необходимо надлежаще выделить из ЛРС и сохранить в процессе производства ЛПРП.

Medicinal preparations of plant origin (MPPO) containing substances of plant origin as active components, namely medicinal plant raw materials (MPRM) or products based on them, have a wide spectrum of pharmacological action due to the rich content of biologically active substances (BAS), which have a diverse composition and related to different classes of chemical compounds, which must be properly isolated from MPRM and preserved in the production process of MPPO.
FETUS MACROSOMIA: OBSTETRIC AND PERINATAL OUTCOMES
Authors: Аязбеков А.К. , Нурхасимова Р.Г. , Курманова А.М. , Аязбекова А.Б. , Дуйсебаева Э.Е. , Амангелді А.А.
Published: May 2022

Проведен ретроспективный анализ 303 историй родов и 303 историй новорожденных с макросомией в Туркестанской области Республики Казахстан. Частота макросомии составила 17,1%. Группой риска по развитию макросомии являются повторнородящие (61,7%), с избыточной массой тела (43,9%). Родовой травматизм наиболее часто наблюдался в группе первородящих (60%), атоническое кровотечение - в группе многорожавших (15,8%). Перинатальная заболеваемость в виде неонатальной желтухи (17,5%), асфиксии плода (10%), перелома ключицы (7,5%) наиболее часто регистрировалась в группе первородящих женщин. Макросомия плода увеличивает риск оперативных родов и родового травматизма матери среди первородящих, у женщин с высоким паритетом родов макросомия новорожденного ассоциируется с высоким риском послеродового кровотечения. У первородящих с макросомией новорожденных высок риск госпитализации в палату интенсивной терапии.

Resume. A retrospective analysis of 303 birth histories and 303 histories of newborns with macrosomia in the Turkestan region of the Republic of Kazakhstan was carried out. The frequency of macrosomia was 17.1%. The risk group for the development of macrosomia are multiparous (61.7%), overweight (43.9%). Birth injuries were most often observed in the group of primiparas (60%), atonic bleeding - in the group of multiparous (15.8%). Perinatal morbidity in the form of neonatal jaundice (17.5%), fetal asphyxia (10%), clavicle fracture (7.5%) was most often recorded in the group of nulliparous women. Macrosomia of the fetus increases the risk of operative delivery and maternal birth trauma among primiparous women; in women with a high parity of births, macrosomia of the newborn is associated with a high risk of postpartum hemorrhage. Primiparous newborns with macrosomia have a high risk of hospitalization in the intensive care unit.
IMPLEMENTATION OF AN EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM FOR THE PREVENTION OF CARIES AND THE SPREAD OF CARIES IN CHILDREN
Authors: Утепова А.Я. , Жаханова С.Н. , Атенова Ш.М.
Published: May 2022

При проведении профилактических осмотров по стоматологической заболеваемостиу детей г. Шымкента были выявлены влияния факторов, как недостаточность знаний и навыков по чистке полости рта и профилактике у большинства из них. Проведение массовых стоматологических осмотров имеет своей целью получение данных, характеризующих пораженность обследованных контингентов основными стоматологическими заболеваниями. Нет необходимости в организации сплошного обследования, так как это требует значительных затрат времени и средств. Поэтому выбран метод гнездного обследования наиболее типичных по структуре населения массивов, внутри которых проводится сплошное обследование. Что является достаточно репрезентативным и дают материалы наиболее точные, соответствующие по изучаемой проблеме. Основные вопросы, включенные в программу стоматологических осмотров, отражали уровень распространения кариеса зубов и интенсивность поражения, включая временных и постоянных зубов, число лиц, нуждающихся в профилактическом обследовании, составление специальных образовательных программ по комплексной профилактики стоматологических заболеваний у детей. Выводы: Таким образом, разработанные и обоснованные программы, позволяют добиться улучшения гигиенического состояния полости рта и улучшить кариесологический статус обследованных.

When conducting preventive examinations for dental morbidity in children of Shymkent, the influence of factors such as lack of knowledge and skills in cleaning the oral cavity and prevention in most of them was revealed. The purpose of conducting mass dental examinations is to obtain data describing the prevalence of the examined patients with the main dental diseases. There is no need to organize a continuous survey, as this requires significant time and money. Therefore, the method of nesting survey of the most typical massifs in terms of population structure, within which a continuous survey is carried out, was chosen. Which is sufficiently representative and provides the most accurate materials relevant to the problem under study. Results and conclusions: The main issues included in the program of dental examinations reflected the level of spread of dental caries and the intensity of the lesion, including temporary and permanent teeth, the number of persons in need of preventive examination, the preparation of special educational programs for the comprehensive prevention of dental diseases in children.
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OF STRAINS CIRCULATING IN ALMATY AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF UNIVERSAL IMMUNIZATION
Authors: Бейсегулова Г.Н. , Рамазанова Б.А. , Мустафина К.К. , Колоскова Е.А. , Бегадилова Т.С. , Хандилла З.М. , Бисекенова А.Л.
Published: May 2022

По данным Всемирной организации здравоохранения (ВОЗ), пневмококковая инфекция является одной из опасных и распространенных инфекций, предупреждаемых вакцинопрофилактикой. Устойчивость пневмококка к антибактериальным препаратам - глобальная проблема, затрудняющая борьбу с инфекцией во всем мире, поскольку затрудняет лечение больных с различными формами заболеваний пневмококковой этиологии, требует применения все новых антимикробных препаратов, увеличивает продолжительность госпитализации и, соответственно, расходы на лечение. В связи с этим, на настоящий момент времени, ведущим направлением предупреждения развития инфекций, вызываемых устойчивыми к антибиотикам пневмококками, признана вакцинация [1]. В связи с этим, следует сделать акцент на изучение подходов к антибактериальной терапии пневмококковых инфекции на основе выделения штаммов S.pneumoniae у детей.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), pneumococcal infection is one of the most dangerous and common infections prevented by vaccination. Resistance of pneumococcus to antibacterial drugs is a global problem that complicates the fight against infection throughout the world. Since it complicates the treatment of patients with various forms of pneumococcal diseases, it requires the use of more and more new antimicrobial drugs; increases the duration of hospitalization and, accordingly, the cost of treatment. In this regard, at present, vaccination is recognized as the leading direction in preventing the development of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant pneumococci [1]. In this regard, emphasis should be placed on the study of approaches to antibacterial therapy of pneumococcal infections based on the isolation of S.pneumoniae strains in children.
CARDIAC ACTIVITY STUDY IN VARIOUS PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS - HOLTER MONITORING ANALYSIS
Authors: Кулбаева М.С. , Суйнбай З.Ж. , Умбетьярова Л.Б. , Нуфтиева А.И. , Ахметкалиева А.Т. , Аблайханова Н.Т. , Швецова Е.В. , Датхабаева Г.К. , Атанбаева Г.К. , Тусупбекова Г.А.
Published: May 2022

Нормальное физиологическое состояние организма в целом напрямую зависит от нормального функционирования сердечно-сосудистой системы, а при различных заболеваниях одним из актуальных вопросов является контроль ее влияния на сердечную функцию. Исследовательская работа проводилась на 4-х группах по 20 человек каждая: в 1 группе находились лица с нормальным состоянием здоровья, во 2 группе - имеющие гипертоническую болезнь, в 3 группе - имеющие инсулинозависимый сахарный диабет, в 4 группе - пациенты с диагнозом стенокардия. Метод электрокардиографии -регистрации функции сердца без перерыва круглосуточно на аппарате SHILLER Microvit-200 HOLTER-EСG и результаты исследования проанализирована в компьютерной программе. Получены данные по ЧСС и вариабельному анализу на электрокардиограмме, зарегистрированной по холтеровому методу у пациентов с нормальным здоровьем, гипертонической болезнью, инсулинозависимым сахарным диабетом, стенокардией. Время максимальных высоких и минимально низких значений колебательных значений показателей ЧСС по сравнению с нормальными смещено. По вариабельному анализу также наблюдаются специфические особенности в дневном, ночном и суточном значениях.

The normal physiological state of the body as a whole depends on the normal functioning of the cardiovascular system, and in the case of various diseases, one of the most pressing issues is the control of its effects on the heart. The study was conducted in 4 groups of 20 people each: in group 1 there was a person with normal health, in group 2 there were hypertensive disease, in group 3 there was a diagnosis of insulin-dependent insulin-dependent group. The method of electrocardiography - registration of heart function without interruption around the clock on the device SHILLER Microvit-200 HOLTER-ESG and the results of the study are analyzed in a computer program. Data on heart rate and variable analysis on an electrocardiogram recorded by the Holter method of patients with normal health and hypertension, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, angina pectoris were obtained. The time of the maximum high and minimum low values of the oscillatory values of heart rate indicators in comparison with normal is shifted. According to the variable analysis, specific features are also observed in the daytime, nighttime and daily values.
ASSESSMENT OF THE INTENSITY AND SEVERITY OF THE LABOR PROCESS OF EMPLOYEES OF THE ROAD PATROL SERVICE
Authors: Кобеева Ф.Ж. , Сейдуанова Л.Б. , Толегенова А.М. , Жоребек С.Б.
Published: May 2022

В работе представлены результаты исследования напряженности и тяжести трудового процесса у работников дорожной патрульной службы г.Алматы. По данным хронометражных исследований установлено, что труд работников дорожной патрульной службы г.Алматы характеризуется сенсорными, эмоциональными нагрузками. В условиях несения службы может потребоваться единоличное руководство в сложных ситуациях, которые могут возникнуть внезапно (предаварийные или аварийные ситуации на дорогах) и имеют чрезвычайный характер (возникновение опасности для жизни и здоровья сотрудников и участников дорожного движения). По тяжести трудового процесса труд сотрудников дорожно-патрульной службы отнесен к категории «тяжелого», второй степени (класс 3.2); по напряженности трудового процесса условия труда - «вредные» третьей степени - класс 3.3.

The paper presents the results of the study of tension and severity of the labor process in employees of the road patrol service of Almaty. According to timing studies, it was found that the work of employees of the road patrol service in Almaty is characterized by sensory, emotional stress. Duty conditions may require sole management in complex situations that may arise suddenly (pre-accident or emergency situations on the roads) and have an emergency nature (the emergence of danger to the life and health of employees and road users). According to the severity of the work process, the work of traffic police officers is classified as "heavy", second degree (class 3.2); by the severity of the work process, working conditions are "harmful" third degree - class 3.3.
THE IMPORTANCE OF FORENSIC ASSESSMENT OF EPACTAL BONES
Authors: Мусабекова С.А. , Стоян А.О.
Published: May 2022

В наблюдении раскрываются диагностические возможности медико-криминалистической экспертизы для решения спорных вопросов, возникающих при установлении причины смерти. Представлен случай проведения судебно-медицинской экспертизы четырехлетнего ребёнка для решения вопроса о возможности получения им травмы головы в ходе пребывания в стационаре и степени причастности медицинских работников к его гибели. Обнаружение при проведении медико-криминалистического исследования вставочной кости, образованной в результате возникновения в большом родничке дополнительных точек окостенения в эмбриональном периоде и являющейся врожденной аномалией развития, свидетельствует об отсутствии черепно-мозговой травмы. Междисциплинарный подход позволил полностью исключить возможность получения ребенком травмы головы в лечебном учреждении.

The observation reveals the diagnostic capabilities of forensic medical examination to resolve controversial issues arising in the establishment of the cause of death. A case of a forensic medical examination of a four-year-old child is presented to resolve the issue of the possibility of a head injury during his stay in a hospital and the degree of involvement of medical workers in his death. The detection of an intercalary bone formed as a result of the appearance of additional ossification points in the large fontanel in the embryonic period and which is a congenital malformation during a forensic study indicates the absence of traumatic brain injury. The interdisciplinary approach made it possible to completely exclude the possibility of a child getting a head injury in a hospital.
THE STATE OF THE ADSORPTION AND TRANSPORT FUNCTION OF BLOOD CELLS IN RELATION TO IMMUNOGLOBULINS
Authors: Калекешов А.М. , Демченко Г.А. , Кудрина Н.О. , Хавалхайрат О. , Баяхмет Б.
Published: May 2022

Проведенное исследование показало количественные характеристики циркуляции на эритроцитах и лейкоцитах белков и липидов в плазме крови лошадей Джабе. Их количество в плазме превышало в несколько раз содержание на мембране клеток крови. А иммуноглобулины IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD циркулируют в крови в основном на мембране клеток крови. Особенно большая диспропорция выявлена между плазмой и мембраной у иммуноглобулина IgD. Обратная зависимость наблюдается только у IgG. На основании проведенных исследований, получены данные - очень низкие значения иммуноглобулина D в плазме крови лошади. В смывах смеси эритроцитов и лейкоцитов выявлено наибольшее количество иммуноглобулина D. Это может свидетельствовать о том, что этот иммуноглобулин в значительной степени переносится на поверхности лейкоцитов и в основном представлен мембраносвязанной формой. Выявлено увеличение количества липидов и иммуноглобулинов на мембране старых эритроцитов. Установлено, что при различных физиологических состояниях организма наблюдаются изменения свойств адсорбционно-транспортной функции клеток крови. Это указывает на то, что различные факторы мобилизует адаптационные функции организма, включая звено, связанное с переносом важнейших веществ на поверхности эритроцитов.

The study showed the quantitative characteristics of circulation on erythrocytes and leukocytes of proteins and lipids in the plasma blood of Jabe horses. Their plasma abundance exceeded several times the blood cell membrane. Immunoglobulins IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD circulate in the blood mainly on the membrane of blood cells. A particularly large disproportion has been found between plasma and membrane in immunoglobulin IgD. The inverse is only observed in IgG. Based on the research conducted, the results are very low immunoglobulin D values in the plasma blood of a horse. The most abundance of immunoglobulin D has been found in the flushing of the mixture of erythrocytes and leukocytes. This may indicate that this immunoglobulin is largely transported on the surface of the leukocytes and is mainly represented by the membrane-bound form. An increase in the number of lipids and immunoglobulins on the membrane of old erythrocytes has been detected. It has been established that changes in the properties of the adsorption-transport function of blood cells are observed at different physiological states of the organism. This indicates that various factors mobilize the adaptive functions of the organism, including the link associated with the transport of critical substances on the surfaces of red blood cells.
Response Events Narratives: Between Research and Creation
Authors: Beyrouthy Damien , Bédard-Goulet Sara
Published: May 2022

Artworks and cultural productions affect us in various degrees. In rare occasions, their encounter can trigger a life-changing event. These rare and unexpected individual moments can be shared as narratives, some of which are found in literature. Among these literary accounts, many attribute to texts the prompting of personal events and such narratives have been studied by literary scholars interested in reader–response theory. Less attention has been paid to accounts of such reactions to other types of media, which also require additional theoretical input to study them. To examine these specific events in narratives, we consider them as “response events” and analyse their characteristics through research and artistic means. Adding to the existing contributions in literary theory, we use a methodology originating from the art field, that is research-creation. In this article, we start by presenting our research-creation approach and the interdisciplinary tool that we developed. We then present a brief overview of the results from the literary corpus analysis and of the artistic experimentations that they triggered. We also describe how our research on the response event has led Damien Beyrouthy to think this concept through his artistic practice, from which other concepts emerged.
Affect and Attunement in Experimental Autofiction: Response Without an Event?
Authors: Marling Raili
Published: May 2022

This article juxtaposes the work of Kathy Acker and Olivia Laing’s adoption of the Kathy Acker persona in her novel Crudo (2018). It seeks to find out to what extent these two writers’ re-enactments and defamiliarization of authentic experience play with affect and affectlessness to create a countersentimental effect. This countersentimental effect is contrasted to affective display of conventional autobiography and autofiction to explore narrative modes ofresponding to contemporary cruel optimism (Berlant 2011). The difficulty ofreading the texts and responding to them leads to the broader question of whether such difficult texts can also produce what are within this special issue called response events. The article uses Rita Felski’s (2020) discussion of attunement to address the encounter with works that impress us with their “thereness.” Unlike sudden events, attunement can be “a slow and stumbling process, a gradual coming into view of what we would otherwise fail to see” (Felski 2020, 60).
“Father” Samuel Snowden (c. 1770–1850): Preacher, Minister to Mariners, and Anti-Slavery Activist
Authors: Thompson Patricia
Published: May 2022

This article traces the life and ministry of the Rev. Samuel Snowden, the first Black pastor in the New England Conference of the United Methodist Church, who began his life as a slave on the eastern shore of Maryland. In 1818 he was called from Portland, Maine, to pastor the growing Black Methodist Episcopal congregation in Boston, Massachusetts. There he grew the first Black Methodist Episcopal congregation in New England and became a well-known and respected preacher and anti-slavery activist with a special ministry to Black seaman. At the end of his life, he opened his home as a refuge for fugitive slaves. Snowden’s son, Isaac Humphrey, became one of the first three Black men to enroll in Harvard Medical School.
Spectrum of Different Heart Disease among Children Under 5 Years of Age
Authors: Amin Hamail , Naeem Riffat , Rafique Farah , Ijaz Farhat , Tariq Ahmad , Ahmad Awais , Aftab Rana Khurram
Published: May 2022

Background and Aim: It is a well-known finding that cardiac diseases in the pediatric population contribute majorly to morbidity and mortality around the globe and is supported by extensive clinical research. A generalized burden of the disease in Pakistan is as high as above 40,000 congenital cardiac defects being reported among newborn babies. It has been documented those congenital cardiac disorders are among the top three causes of neonatal mortality around the world. This study is focused on studying different types of cardiac problems acknowledged among children who are younger than five years and studying the prevalence and burden of disease and assessing the frequency with which they occur in the Pakistani population. Methodology: The conducted study was cross sectional with descriptive approach. The time duration of the study was of ten months which started in February 2021 and concluded in November 2021. The study was carried out at pediatrics department of Ittefaq Hospital and Jinnah Hospital, Lahore Pakistan, after taking ethical approval from the respective departments. The sample size of the study was expected to be around 200 participants. All the recruited participants must meet the age limitations who were under 5 years old. The incidence of heart disease was assumed to be 5%. The recruited participants must show signs and symptoms which suggest the incidence of cardiac problems. Participants with pre-existing heart diseases were eliminated from the study. The participants underwent clinical and lab testing before start of the study Result: The prevalence of 89% (n= 178) of participants was diagnosed with congenital heart disease whereas 11% (n= 22) of participants were detected to have acquired heart diseases. Among diagnosed participants with congenital heart disease, females were found to be 1.2 times more likely to be affected. Among the patients diagnosed with congenital heart diseases, the most common finding was that of ventricular septal defect with a prevalence of 29.5% followed by an atrial septal defect with a prevalence of 26% and in acquired heart disease myocarditis accounted for 91% of the diagnosis. Conclusion: The present study concluded that the prevalence of cardiac condition among children under 5 years is highly prevalent. Among cardiac condition of pediatric patient congenital heart diseases remain highly incidental with ventricular septal defect being the most common congenital condition. Among acquired cardiac condition, myocarditis was the most frequent finding. Keywords: Congenital heart disease, Ventricular septal defect, Children