bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revised focal depths and velocity model for local earthquakes in the Adak Seismic zone
Authors: Toth Thomas , Kisslinger Carl
Published: July 2021

A technique suggested by Hales et al. (1981) for determining hypocentral depths that are relatively independent of the velocity model originally used to locate the earthquakes is applied to a carefully selected set of earthquakes located with the Adak Seismic Network. The origin times are taken from the Wadati diagram for each event and the epicentral distances from the standard hypocenter solution are assumed to be correct. A straight-ray interpretation, based on the use of a single average velocity from the hypocenter to the surface, is then used to determine the average velocity and the depth from the slope and intercept of the linear X2 − T2 plot.

From the Adak catalog for August 1974 to May 1983, 8046 located events, 579 earthquakes with good P-data and 347 with good S-data were selected on the basis of excellent time picks, good quality solutions, and reliable Wadati and X2 − T2 plots. The revised depths show that the sharp cutoff of the shallower main thrust zone activity at 26 km seen in the Adak data set is an artifact of the routine location procedure. Routine depths are found to be systematically too shallow by a mean amount of 4.35 km, with origin times 0.20 sec too early.

The velocities derived in this study agree with those in the standard model for depths below 80 km, but are higher than the standard values at shallower depths. The two models can be reconciled by invoking small gradients of velocity in the uppermost three layers, but this result is not unique. The results indicate local variations of the shallower velocities within the Adak seismic zone, one of which, low velocities beneath the volcanic arc, has been found in an earlier, independent study.
Analysis of wave-induced pore pressure changes recorded during the 1980 Mammoth Lakes, California, earthquake sequence
Authors: Mavko Gerald M. , Harp Ed
Published: July 2021

Acceleration and wave-induced pore pressure were recorded in a saturated sand during the 1980 Mammoth Lakes, California, earthquake sequence. For the largest event recorded, the pore pressure was observed to be proportional to vertical surface acceleration during the P-wave arrivals and proportional to horizontal surface velocity during the S-wave arrivals. The results can be quantitatively explained with a linear elastic model of a porous saturated medium, such that pore pressure depends on dilatation and is independent of shear strain. A slight frequency dependence in the ratio of pore pressure to dilatation indicates local fluid flow on the scale of individual pores. The good agreement between observations and theory indicates that the deformation was primarily linear, even though maximum shear strains were close to the typical thresholds for liquefaction.
Source depth estimation using multi-station waveform data
Authors: Roy Falguni
Published: July 2021

A depth estimation procedure has been described which essentially attempts to identify depth phases by analyzing multi-station waveform data (hereafter called level II data) in various ways including deconvolution, prediction error filtering, and spectral analysis of the signals. In the absence of such observable phases, other methods based on S-P, ScS-P, and SKS-P travel times are tried to get an estimate of the source depth. The procedure was applied to waveform data collected from 31 globally distributed stations for the period between 1 and 15 October 1980. The digital data were analyzed at the temporary data center facilities of the National Defense Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.

During this period, a total number of 162 events in the magnitude range 3.5 to 6.2 were defined by analyzing first arrival time data (hereafter called level I data) alone. For 120 of these events, it was possible to estimate depths using the present procedure. The applicability of the procedure was found to be 100 per cent for the events with mb > 4.8 and 88 per cent for the events with mb > 4. A comparison of level I depths and level II depths (the depths as obtained from level I and level II data, respectively) with that of the United States Geological Survey estimates indicated that it will be necessary to have at least one local station (Δ < 10°) among the level I data to obtain reasonable depth estimates from such data alone.

Further, it has been shown that S wave travel times could be successfully utilized for the estimation of source depth.
On wave fronts and interfaces in anelastic media
Authors: Richards Paul G.
Published: July 2021

When a wave front is incident upon an interface between two anelastic media, the amplitudes of transmitted and converted waves can grow exponentially with distance from the interface. Such phenomena can be reconciled with radiation conditions. For waves from finite sources within multi-layered anelastic media, and particularly for waves studied by generalized rays, the choice between scattered waves that grow and those that decay can usefully be made with reference to the corresponding elastic problem, rather than relying on radiation conditions.
Magnitudes and moments of duration
Authors: Bakun William H.
Published: July 2021

Coda-duration τ at 42 of the stations in the U.S. Geological Survey's central California seismic network (CALNET) for earthquakes in five source regions of central California—the Parkfield and San Juan Bautista sections of the San Andreas fault, the Sargent fault, the Coyote Lake section of the Calaveras fault, and the Livermore area—are used to obtain empirical formulas relating local magnitude ML and seismic moment M0 to τ and epicentral distance Δ. Models with log2 τ fit the data better than those assuming a log τ dependence. For 55 earthquakes with 1.1. ≦ ML ≦ 5.3, ML = 0.92 + 0.607 (±0.005)log2 τ + 0.00268(± 0.00012)Δ. These ML assume a Wood-Anderson seismograph magnification of 2800; 0.15 should be subtracted from these ML for continuity with magnitudes obtained from or calibrated against typical (magnification ∼ 2000) Wood-Anderson seismographs. For 53 earthquakes with 18.4 ≦ log M0 ≦ 22.3, log M0 = 17.97 + 0.719(± 0.0007)log2 τ + 0.00319(±0.00013)Δ. These relations provide unbiased estimates of ML for 1.5 ≲ ML ≲ 5.3 and 19 ≲ log M0 ≲ 22.3. Station corrections can significantly improve the accuracy and precision of ML and log M0 estimates, particularly if τ from a small number of stations are used. Regional variations in station corrections reflect an increase in coda duration toward the south within the CALNET.
Comparison of two surface-wave magnitude scales:Mof Gutenberg and Richter (1954) andMSof “Preliminary determination of epicenters”
Authors: Lienkaemper J. J.
Published: July 2021

The Prague formula (Vanek et al., 1962), which is used for Preliminary Determination of Epicenters (PDE) magnitudes, exceeds that of Gutenberg (1945) by 0.19 unit of MS, leading to the false assumption that mean MS of PDE are inherently 0.19 larger than Gutenberg and Richter (1954) magnitudes, MGR. Recomputation of MS using Gutenberg's methods and Gutenberg-Richter (G-R) notepad data shows that MS values in the G-R notepads are ∼0.1 unit of MS too large on average, while MGR values are 0.05 larger still. Total inflation of MGR over recomputed MS values is 0.16 on average. MS for the same events recomputed with the Prague formula are thus only 0.03 unit of MS higher on average than MGR. Thus, PDE values of MS are on average directly comparable to MGR. This relationship probably is a consequence of the Prague formula having been calibrated to Gutenberg's revised magnitudes and MGR values.

Surface-wave magnitude residuals summed over many events appear to fit a normal Gaussian distribution with a standard deviation of 0.28 unit-of-MS for two large independent samples. Thus, anomalous single-station MS values can be excluded from averaging, using probabilistic criteria rather than the ad hoc criteria used currently, and standard deviations of MS from the mean are valid estimates of error.
Historical seismicity of Peninsular India
Authors: Rao B. Ramalingeswara , Rao P. Sitapathi
Published: July 2021

Well-documented historical earthquake data from 1340 to 1983 has been analyzed and reported in this work so as to understand the seismicity and associated phenomena of Peninsular India. It has been the belief among earth scientists that the Peninsular Shield is aseismic, as the region attained stability long ago. However, the earthquake at Koyna (10 December 1967), Bhadrachalam (13 April 1969), Broach (23 March 1970), Hyderabad (30 June 1983) etc., altered this concept and it has now widely accepted that seismic activity is still continuing on a mild scale. As such, a need has arisen to take into consideration historical as well as recent seismological data to study the seismic status of Peninsular India.

Using the well-known ‘frequency-magnitude” relation of Gutenberg and Richter (1954), an attempt has been made to derive “a” and “b” and the ratio (a/b). The values as obtained for Peninsular India are 4.4, 0.85, and 5.17, which are typical of moderately active zones the world over. Recurrence periods of earthquake magnitude 6.75 and 7.0 are calculated to be 21 and 35 yr, respectively. Further, the historical seismicity correlates well with the protocontinents such as Dharwar, Aravalli, and Singhbhum in the Peninsular Shield. It is observed that seismicity in a broad sense is defined by the protocontinents with low intracontinental seismicity, while the lineaments and rift valleys are from zones of moderate seismicity.
Fatores associados ao rendimento acadêmico na formação inicial de professores
Authors: Sousa de Almeida Grasiany , Sousa Leandro , Eufrásio Braga Adriana , De Freitas Pontes Junior José Airton
Published: July 2021

O contexto socioeconômico e as características da Instituição de Ensino Superior podem desempenhar um papel importante no desempenho académico dos estudantes. Uma melhor compreensão destes fatores pode ajudar a focalizar e orientar as políticas públicas e a atribuição de recursos. O objetivo deste estudo era avaliar se o desempenho acadêmico de estudantes dos cursos de licenciatura em matemática está associado com o contexto socioeconômico e características da Instituição de Ensino Superior. O estudo incluiu uma amostra de 10669 estudantes concluintes dos cursos de Licenciatura em Matemática. Os dados foram a nota na prova e as variáveis do “Questionário do Estudante” do Exame Nacional de Desempenho dos Estudantes do Brasil. Foi utilizada a regressão multinível para análise dos dados. O modelo ajustado obtido da análise mostra que as variáveis renda familiar e bolsa de estudo estão fortemente associadas ao desempenho académico dos estudantes na formação inicial de professores em Matemática. Verificou-se também que outras variáveis tiveram um efeito significativo no modelo.
Empoderamiento femenino y desarrollo local en la España vaciada. Caso de estudio: Teruel
Authors: Tárraga Davia Josefa Belén , Morales Pérez Soledad
Published: July 2021

Los movimientos feministas han puesto de manifiesto las desigualdades de género existentes en nuestra sociedad. El sector turístico, aunque supone una fuente importante de empleo femenino, no está exento de sufrir estas desigualdades. Este trabajo pretende dar un impulso a la escasa investigación en turismo bajo la perspectiva de género en España. Por un lado, consideramos que el turismo puede ser una herramienta para el empoderamiento femenino y la disminución de las desigualdades de género. y, por otro, el ámbito territorial donde se desarrolla nuestra investigación es la provincia de Teruel que refleja muy bien los efectos de la “España vaciada”. El objetivo principal es analizar el emprendimiento femenino en el sector turístico en zonas despobladas y sus efectos sobre el desarrollo local y el empoderamiento femenino individual y colectivo. La investigación cualitativa desarrollada a través de entrevistas a mujeres del medio rural de la provincia de Teruel concluye que el papel de la mujer rural ha sido completamente invisibilizado. A pesar de ello, en la actualidad se hace visible otra identidad de mujer rural que emprende en negocios turísticos sostenibles que generan un beneficio común en el territorio donde están ubicados. El emprendimiento ha sido clave para el empoderamiento individual y colectivo donde el asociacionismo ha tenido un papel fundamental. Nuestro estudio sugiere que es necesario implementar políticas públicas y privadas que impulsen la creación de empresas turísticas gestionadas por mujeres como una vía para abordar la despoblación y generar un desarrollo local sostenible.
Experiências de base comunitária na região dos Lençóis Maranhenses (Brasil): potencialidades e limitações
Authors: Rodrigues Pinho Thays Regina
Published: July 2021

O turismo de base comunitária reforça a prática sustentável do turismo em comunidades tradicionais como um arranjo socioprodutivo e inovativo local. Objetiva-se, primordialmente, identificar as potencialidades e limitações para desenvolver o turismo em duas comunidades de Barreirinhas/MA, apresentadas pelo órgão oficial de turismo como experiências de base comunitária. Descreve-se, ainda, como são divulgadas pelo trade e se estão integradas aos preceitos de turismo de base comunitária. A investigação é exploratória-descritiva com abordagem qualitativa e categorial. As potencialidades envolvem: proximidade com o parque nacional, capacitação de jovens e artesãos, manutenção precária de práticas tradicionais e diversificação da renda. São fatores limitantes: rápida ascensão do fluxo de turistas, construção desordenada de empreendimentos hoteleiros, expropriação dos nativos, diminuição da pesca dentre outros. Para se tornarem experiências de base comunitária, os povoados necessitam de maior articulação para conduzir o desenvolvimento do turismo de forma sustentável, inibindo os fatores limitantes e maximizando as potencialidades.
Özel Gereksinimli Çocuklara Serbest Zaman Becerisinin Öğretiminde Aile Eğitiminin Etkililiği (SEZEP)
Authors: KESER Fırat , CAVKAYTAR Atilla
Published: July 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı; Otizm spektrum bozukluğu ve zihin yetersizliği olan bireylere bir serbest zaman becerisinin öğretimine yönelik aile eğitim programının etkililiğini belirlemektir. Araştırma Tek Denekli Araştırma Yöntemlerinden Katılımcılar Arası Yoklama Evreli Çoklu Yoklama Düzeyi modeli ile planlanmıştır. Araştırmaya üç anne ve onların OSB tanısı almış çocukları katılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan anne katılımcıların yaş aralığı arağı 26-41’dir. Çocuk katılımcılardan ikisi erkek biri kız çocuğudur ve yaşları 9-11 arasındadır Araştırmanın bağımsız değişkeni Serbest Zaman Becerisinin Öğretimine Yönelik Aile Eğitim Programıdır (SEZEP). Bağımlı değişkeni özel gereksinimli bireylerin makas ile kağıt kesme becerisini öğrenme düzeyleridir. Hazırlanan aile eğitim programı hem Ev Merkezli hem de Kurum/Okul Merkezli Aile Eğitim Programı olarak ve üç oturum şeklinde planlanmıştır. Hem ev hem okul merkezli yürütülen bu programda, ebeveynler için ayrıca makasla kesme becerisi için bir kitapçık oluşturulmuştur. Hazırlanan kitap üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre öğrenciler makasla kesme becerisini kazanmışlardır. Araştırmanın izleme verileri kazandırılan becerinin korunduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca ebeveynler ipucunun giderek arttırılması yöntemini uygun ve güvenilir bir şekilde kullanmıştır. Bu durum ipucunun giderek arttırılması yönteminin planlı ve kapsamlı bir eğitimle profesyoneller dışında aileler tarafından da güvenilir ve etkili bir şekilde kullanılabildiğini göstermektedir. Sosyal geçerlik verilerine göre ebeveynlerin aile eğitimi programına katılmaktan ve çocuklarına bu beceriyi kazandırabilmiş olmaktan dolayı memnuniyetlerini dile getirmişlerdir. Bu bulgulara göre SEZEP’in OSB ve zihin yetersizliği olan çocuklara bir serbest zaman becerisinin öğretiminde etkili olduğu bulunmuştur.
ELT Prospective Teachers’ Beliefs About Target Language Use in EFL Classrooms
Authors: ÇELİK KORKMAZ Şule
Published: July 2021

This sequential explanatory mixed methods design study aimed to investigate the beliefs of English Language Teaching (ELT) prospective teachers about using the target language (L2) at macro and micro-levels in English as a foreign language (EFL) classrooms in addition to some scaffolding strategies to minimize their native language (L1) use. Furthermore, whether being experienced in language teaching and being abroad made differences in the beliefs of prospective teachers (PTs) were examined. The study was conducted with 128 ELT PTs enrolled in a state university in Turkey by administering a questionnaire as a quantitative instrument and a semi-structured interview as a qualitative instrument. The results of the descriptive statistics revealed that the PTs were in favour of using students’ native language whenever it is required rather than following English-only policy. Accordingly, they agreed on the use of L2 mostly to give feedback, information and instructions besides greeting students and later to encourage students, check their understanding, and to provide them supportive talk. They became hesitant to use L2 to manage classrooms, crack jokes, and to give instructions of new and complex types of activities. The dependent variables in the study indicated few differences in their beliefs as to using L2 in EFL classrooms. The results were discussed and some implications for ELT teacher education were suggested.
Undergraduate Architecture Students’ Perceptions of the Reasons for Their Choice(s) of Profession
Authors: YORGANCIOĞLU Derya , TUNALİ Sevinc , ÇETİNEL Meltem
Published: July 2021

This study aims to analyze the factors, driven by intrinsic and/or extrinsic motivations, that affect the students’ choice(s) of profession before entering the school of architecture and to reveal how the participants’ perceptions of their “self-efficacy” about becoming an architect altered in parallel to the skills they acquire during their professional education. The research, based on the qualitative research methodology, is undertaken in a Bachelor of Architecture degree program in a private university in Istanbul and the data was collected through the participation of 40 undergraduate architecture students from different class levels. The data collection procedures covered four recorded focus group interviews with students at different class levels and the interview transcriptions were analyzed through qualitative content analysis. The results regarding the reasons for studying architecture has revealed that the participants are influenced by (1) their self-perceptions, which overlap with the profession-related qualities and (2) the influence of their social environment and families. It is shown that the professional education that the participants have received has improved their design skills and supported their self-efficacy beliefs in this regard, but made them feel insufficient about technical-practical skills. The research findings have implications for the students who think to study architecture, the secondary education teachers, and the administrators and instructors of schools of architecture for various reasons: by uncovering the interrelated dynamics and requirements of the architectural profession and education, these findings may guide the attempts to choose a profession compatible with individuals’ capabilities and orientations and to structure a balanced architectural curriculum.
¿Una forma de cooperación judicial no reclamada? Sobre la extensión del amparo a la Carta de Derechos Fundamentales de la UE
Authors: Cruz Villalón Pedro
Published: July 2021

A lo largo de la última década los tribunales constitucionales de Austria y Alemania han efectuado sucesivamente un giro similar en su jurisprudencia anterior dirigido a incorporar el contenido sustantivo de la CDFUE a su jurisdicción de amparo. Partiendo de las deficiencias de la Carta en lo relativo a la garantía jurisdiccional de los derechos en ella reconocidos, el artículo analiza y compara esta jurisprudencia desde la perspectiva de las referidas deficiencias a la vez que plantea la cuestión de si el Tribunal Constitucional de España debiera seguir el ejemplo de los referidos tribunales.
DOWN SENDROMLU OLGULARDA PRENATAL BULGULAR
Authors: Elmas Muhsin
Published: July 2021

AMAÇ: Yirmibirinci kromozomun 3 adet olması ile karakterize olan Down Sendromu, Trizomi 21 olarak da bilinir. Down Sendromu 800 - 1200 kişide bir görülür. Sendrom ilk kez 1846’da tanımlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada amaç, kesin tanısı konulmuş Down Sendromlu hastaların prenatal bulgularını tespit etmektir.GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Bu çalışmada; 2014 - 2019 yılları arasında Tıbbi Genetik polikliniğine başvuran; 42 kız, 38 erkek olmak üzere karyotip analizi sonucu ile Down Sendromu tanısı kesinleşmiş 80 hastanın dosyası taranmış ve değerlendirilmiştir.BULGULAR: Çalışmamızdaki 80 olguyu incelediğimizde; %1,3’ünde annede Diyabetus Mellitus (DM) varlığı, %1,3’ünde fetal hipokinezi ve beraberinde IUGR, %6,3’ünde ense kalınlığı, %1,3’ünde ense kalınlığı ve oligohidramnioz, %1,3’ünde ense kalınlığı ve Pes Ekinovarus (PEV), %1,3’ünde hidrosefali ve beraberinde Atrioventrikuler Septal Defekt (AVSD), %1,3’ünde IVF gebelik, %2,5’inde şant lezyonlar, %1,3’ünde şant lezyonlarına eşlik eden plevral efüzyon, %1,3’ünde kalpte hiperekojenik odak, %1,3’ünde ense kalınlığı artışı ve kalp hastalığı bulgusu, %3,8’inde oligohidramniyoz, %1,3’ünde perikardiyal efüzyon ve polihidramniyoz, %1,3’ünde sadece polihidramniyoz, %1,3’ünde polihidramniyoz ve eşlik eden ense kalınlığı, %1,3’ünde ise ventrikülomegali ve ense kalınlığı tespit edilmiştir.SONUÇ: Down Sendromu prenatal bulgulardan ense kalınlığı, hiperekojenik bağırsak, konjenital kalp hastalığı gibi birçok çeşitli bulgular ile birlikte görülebilmektedir. Bebeklerin ayrıntılı muayenesi ve düzenli takibi hastaların erken teşhisi ve yaşam kalitesi açısından son derece önemlidir.
HİPOTONİ TANILI ÇOCUK HASTALARDA GENOM KOPYA SAYISI VARYASYONLARININ ÖNEMİ
Authors: Atli Emine İkbal , Gurkan Hakan , Eker Damla
Published: July 2021

AMAÇ: Hipotoni, uzuvlarda, gövdede veya kraniyofasiyal iskelet kaslarında azalmış tonusu belirtmek için kullanılan genel bir terimdir. Doğumda veya daha sonra çocukluk döneminde tespit edilebilir. Tanıyı koymak, prognozu öngörebilmek, tedavi stratejileri ve ailenin daha sonra doğacak çocukları için tekrarlama riskini belirlemek açısından önemlidir. Nörolojik muayene ve beyin görüntülemesine ek olarak konvansiyonel sitogenetik, moleküler sitogenetik ve moleküler genetik testler klinik tanıyı desteklemek açısından önemlidir. Hipotoni, minor veya major malformasyonlarla ve bilişsel yetersizlik ile birlikte olduğu zaman otozomal kromozom anormallikleri düşünülmelidir. Aralarında klinik farklılıklar bulunan değişik kromozom anormallikleri ve sendromlarda atipik yüz görünümü, el ve ayakta dismorfik bulgular veya diğer organ malformasyonları bulunabilir. Genetik testlerdeki son gelişmeler, moleküler tanıların daha da genişleyen yelpazesi spinal müsküler atrofi, konjenital miyotonik distrofi, Prader-Willi sendromu ile hastalık altında yatan mutasyonların (konjenital kas distrofileri ve birkaç konjenital miyopati) tanımlanması, bu semptomu olan çocuklara spesifik tanı imkanı sağlar.GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Çalışmamıza Trakya Üniversitesi Hastanesi, Tıbbi Genetik Anabilim Dalı, Genetik Hastalıklar Tanı Merkezi polikliniğine 2017-2019 yılları arasında hipotoni klinik ön tanısı ile birlikte müracaat eden 47 çocuk hasta dâhil edildi. Hasta genomik DNA’ları ile array-karşılaştırmalı genomik hibridizasyon (aCGH) çalışması gerçekleştirildi.BULGULAR: 47 hastanın 12’sinde (%25,53) 557kb ila 40 Mb arası büyüklükte kopya sayısı değişimleri (CNV) saptandı. Tespit edilen kopya sayısı varyantları, Genomik Varyantlar Veritabanı (DGV), Ensembl kaynakları Genomik Varyasyon ve Fenotip Veritabanı (DECIPHER), Sitogenomik Diziler için Uluslararası Standartlar (ISCA) ve Klinik olarak ilgili varyant veritabanlarının yorumlarının genel arşivi veritabanları ile literatür taramalarından araştırılarak değerlendirilmiştir.SONUÇ: Yenidoğan ve infantil dönemde hipotoni nedenleri arasında yer alan tablolar, genetik sendromlar, kas hastalıkları, kranial malformasyonlar, metabolik hastalıklar özellikle peroksizomal ve mitokondriyal hastalıklardır. Bu grup hastalıklar arasında ayırıcı tanısı yapabilmek için EMG, Kranial MR ve kas biopsisi gibi invazif testler uygulanır. Sonuç olarak, yenidoğan ve infantil döneminde ciddi hipotoni varlığında hastanın genetik açıdan değerlendirilmesi, sebebi bilinmeyen hipotoninin nedenini oluşturan pek çok hastalığın tanısı için yapılacak gereksiz invasif testlerin yükünden hastayı kurtarabilir. Erken tanı, ayrıca, hastalığa özgü ortaya çıkabilecek problemlerden korunma ve erken tedavisi açısından da bir o kadar önemlidir. Hastalığın erken dönemde tanısını koymak, hastanın rehabilitasyonuna daha erken başlama imkânı sağlayacağından önem arz etmektedir.
PANKREAS YAĞLANMASININ VÜCUT ADİPOZ DOKU DAĞILIMI İLE İLİŞKİSİNİN BİLGİSAYARLI TOMOGRAFİDE KANTİTATİF YÖNTEMLERLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: Kaya Furkan , Beral Ayberk , Türker Ahmet Oğuzhan , Akyürek İsmail , Tezcan Nihan , Penbe Ahmet , Bozok Kadir
Published: July 2021

AMAÇ: Pankreas yağlanması, yağ hücrelerinin pankreas dokusuna infiltrasyonu ile oluşan histopatolojik bir durumdur. Bu çalışmada pankreas yağlanmasının bilgisayarlı tomografide kantitatif yöntemlerle subkutan ve visseral yağlı doku miktarı, bel çevresi, yaş, cinsiyet ve karaciğer yağlanması ile arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Üriner sistem taşı veya travma nedeniyle kontrastsız bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT) çektirmiş hastalar retrospektif olarak tarandı. Bilinen pankreas hastalığı olanlar ile diabetes mellitus öyküsü olanlar çalışmaya dahil edilmedi. Çalışmaya toplam 287 yetişkin olgu dahil edildi. İş istasyonundan pankreas, karaciğer ve dalağın Hounsfield Ünite (HU) cinsinden ortalama dansiteleri hesaplandı. Tüm hastaların visseral ve subkutan yağ dokusu miktarı lumber 3 ve 4 vertebra (L3/4) orta düzeyinden tek kesitte bir yazılım programı olan Aquarius, ToshibaMedical systems ile cm2 cinsinden, aynı seviyeden bel çevresi uzunluğu mm olarak ölçüm yapılarak değerlendirildi. Yağlı pankreası olan ve olmayan olgularda bulgular uygun istatistik yöntemlerle korelasyonları değerlendirildi.BULGULAR: Çalışamaya dahil edilen olguların %70’inde pankreas yağlanması tespit edildi. Pankreas yağlanması olan ve olmayan olgular karşılaştırıldığında subkutan yağlı doku miktarı ve cinsiyetle arasında anlamlı farklılık saptanmadı (sırasıyla p=0,681 ve p= 0,070). Pankreas yağlanması olanlarda total ve visseral yağlı doku miktarı belirgin fazla olarak izlendi. Karaciğer yağlanması toplam 40 olguda izlenmiş olup pankreas yağlanması olan olguların %16.4’ünde KC yağlanması vardı. Pankreas ve karaciğer yağlanması arasında anlamlı ilişki saptanmadı (p=0,064).SONUÇ: Pankreas yağlanması olanlarda ortalama dansite en güçlü negatif korelasyonu visseral yağlı doku miktarı ile göstermiştir. Ortalama visseral yağlı doku miktarı pankreas yağlanması olanlarda anlamlı derece yüksek izlenmiştir. Çalışmamızın sonuçları pankreas yağlanmasının en çok visseral yağlı doku artışı ile ilişkili olabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu nedenle bilgisayarlı tomografide basit kantitatif yöntemlerle bel çevresi ve visseral yağ doku miktarı artmış ileri yaş olgularda pankreas yağlanması açısından değerlendirilmesi gerektiğini düşünmekteyiz.
HASTANEMİZDE UYGULANAN LAPAROSKOPİK OBEZİTE CERRAHİSİ VAKALARININ GERİYE DÖNÜK DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: Büyükerkmen Elif , Yavuz Tunzala , Sert Ömer , Doğan Bakı Elif , Akıcı Murat , Yuksek Ahmet , Sıvacı Remziye
Published: July 2021

AMAÇ: Bu çalışmada hastanemizde laparoskopik obezite cerrahisi uygulanan hastaların retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı.GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Şubat 2014 ve Aralık 2018 arasında tek hekim tarafından obezite cerrahisi uygulanan olguların dosyaları incelendi. Demografik özellikler, postoperatif komplikasyonlar, hastane kalış süresi, postoperatif taburculuk, mortalite kaydedildi.BULGULAR: 4 yıllık bir süreçte toplam 89 hasta opere edildi. Hastaların yaş ortalamaları 41±11,44, ortalama beden kitle indeksleri (BKİ) 46,26±6,74 idi. Hastaların 66’sı kadın, 23’ü erkekti ve bunların % 44,9’unda ek hastalık mevcuttu. Hastaların %9’u zor entubasyon (fiberoptik bronkoskop ile entübe edilen)olup %67,4’ü servise çıkarken, %32,6sı yoğun bakıma çıkarılmıştır. Yoğun bakım ihtiyacı BKI 50’nin üzerinde olan hastalarda anlamlı bir şekilde yüksekti (p=0,011). Hastaların %9’unde postoperatif komplikasyon görülürken, %2,2’sinde mortalite görülmüştür. Hastaların cerrahi süre ortalamaları 120,09±68,09 dakika olup hastane kalış süreleri 6,76±4,62 gün idi.SONUÇ: Obezite beraberindeki hastalıklar nedeniyle kronik ilerleyici ve hayatı tehdit eden bir hastalıktır. Literatürle de uyumlu olarak hastaların çoğunluğunun kadın olması ve yaş ortalamaları düşük olmasına rağmen, %44,9’unda ek hastalık olması bunun göstergesidir. Laparoskopik sleeve gastrektomi uygulanacak hastaların perioperatif anestezi ve cerrahi uygulamalarının, hasta sonuçlarının ve komplikasyonların incelenmesinin başarı oranının artırılmasında önemli olacağı kanaatindeyiz.
ÇÖLYAK HASTALIĞI DİYET UYUMUNDA YENİ BİR BELİRTEÇ: DELTA NÖTROFİL İNDEKS?
Authors: Eroğlu Nilgün , Evirgen Şahin Gülseren , Özbay Hoşnut Ferda , Şahin Gürses
Published: July 2021

AMAÇ: Çölyak Hastalığı, gluten içeren yiyeceklerin tüketilmesi ile oluşan ve ince bağırsakta otoimmün olaylarla karakterize bir enteropatidir. Çalışmamızda, çölyak hastalığında diyet uyumsuzluğu ile artış gösteren aktivasyon kriterleri ile delta nötrofil indeks arasındaki ilişkinin gösterilmesi amaçlandı.GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Bu çalışmada, Ocak 2019 ve Aralık 2019 tarihleri arasında Dr. Sami Ulus Kadın Doğum ve Çocuk Hastanesi pediatrik gastroenteroloji polikliniğine başvuran önceden çölyak hastalığı tanısı almış olan 99 çocuk ve ergen (18 yaş altı) dahil edildi.BULGULAR: Çalışmaya 45’i kız (% 45.5), 54’ü erkek (% 54.5) olmak üzere 3 - 17 yaş arası toplam 99 çölyak hastası dahil edildi. Delta Nötrofil İndeksi (DNI) ile tanı süresi arasında (p=0,094 r=0,169), dTGA ile (p=0,256 r=0,115), dTGG ile (p=0,359 r=-0,094) ve IgA ile anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmadı (p=0,259 r=0,115).SONUÇ: Çölyak hastalığının erken tanınıp tedavi edilmesi çok önemlidir çünkü glütensiz diyet sonrası hem semptomlar gerilemekte hem de daha ciddi çölyak ilişkili hasarların gelişmesi önlenebilmektedir. Hastaların takipte diyet uyumunu belirlemek için kullanılan serolojik testler, bir çok inflamatuar durumda kullanılan ve rutin hemogram parametrelerinden biri olan DNI düzeyi ile karşılaştırıldı ancak istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki saptanmadı. Çölyak hastalarının takibinde diyet uyumu ileri çalışmalar ile belirlenebilir.
Performance of Water Wheel Knock Down System (W2KDS) for Rice Milling Drive
Authors: Bachtiar Asep Neris , Pohan Ahmad Fauzi , Ervil Riko , Yusti Irwan , Santosa - , Berd Isril , Dinata Uyung Gatot S
Published: July 2021

The number of water wheels operated by the community in West Sumatra, Indonesia, in 1970 was around 4082 units, and now it is estimated that there are around 420 units. The water wheel system is made permanent, made of wood, the construction is quite heavy so that it becomes a problem when installing it. Water Wheel Knock Down System (W2KDS) is a good alternative and solution because the construction is light, and its components can be broken down so that it is easier to install in remote villages. The formulation of the problem of this research is how the performance of W2KDS driving rice milling? The research objective was to analyze W2KDS performance, transmission efficiency, and rice milling productivity. The research methodology is an experiment with the stages of designing W2KDS systems and components, building W2KDS-rice milling, and analyzing the performance of W2KDS driving rice milling. The type of W2KDS that has been successfully built is a breast shot with an outer wheel diameter of 180 cm, an inner diameter of 120 cm, a blade width of 60 cm, 20 blades, and a belt-pulley power transmission system. The results of the W2KDS performance analysis of rice milling driving are, at a water flow rate of 88 L/s, head of 5 m, and a rotational speed of 60 rpm, the resulting torque is 551 Nm, power 3400 W, W2KDS efficiency 78.1%, transmission system efficiency 88.2% and rice milling productivity of 86.40 kg of rice/hour.
Mass Evacuation Transportation Model Using Hybrid Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Abdullah Dahlan , Fithra Herman
Published: July 2021

The process of evacuating natural disasters requires careful planning. In particular, the evacuation process needs attention in the evacuation process because it involves the safety of many people. Evacuation time itself depends on information about incomplete evacuation routes such as those concerning desired velocity and obstacle parameters. When viewed in terms of transportation planning for evacuation, it is an Auto-Based Evacuation Model problem where the community, in this case, drivers, certainly do not know the evacuation planning or the route they will go through because, in the event of a disaster, it cannot be predicted which areas will be affected. The routing problem can be viewed as a discrete problem where the traffic problem is following a user equilibrium model. It has a bi-level structure. Top-level is used to minimize evacuation time using the contraflow strategy. At the same time, traffic volume and travel time are modeled at a low level. This problem is a linear programming problem whose solution will be optimized using a Hybrid Genetic Algorithm. This model is proposed to carry out mass evacuation processes based on time-window constraints. Finally, computational results are provided to demonstrate the validity and robustness of the proposed model. Based on the test results, it can be seen that the designed model can adjust the path that the vehicle follows with the vehicle station by adjusting the available capacity. The results showed that the intended route provided by the model was the shortest route.
Fuzzy-Based Application Model and Profile Matching for Recommendation Suitability of Type 2 Diabetic
Authors: Wantoro Agus , Syarif Admi , Muludi Kurnia , Berawi Khairun Nisa
Published: July 2021

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to insulin secretion abnormalities and a global health threat. DM has several types, namely type 1, 2, gestational, and other types. Type 2 diabetes patients have the largest number in the world. DM therapy can be done in 2 (two) ways: improving lifestyle and administering drugs. The problems and risks in recommending drugs are essential in the patient's healing process because they are likely to take medicine for life. Approximately 260,000 patients with type 2 diabetes experienced medication errors in 2017. The doctor's mistake in recommending drugs causes a long healing process and costs more. Recommending drugs requires pharmacological knowledge, and not all hospitals have pharmacologists. Several researchers have researched recommendations for antidiabetic drugs, but no studies have yet been found that discuss recommendations for combination antidiabetic drugs for type two to determine dosage and frequency. The number of medications used is 6 to 7, with many parameters 5 to 8. The latest endocrinology guidelines for 2020 state that in recommending antidiabetic drugs, not only 6 to 7 participants, but still need to maintain other aspects. Therefore, this study aims to build an expert system model with a new approach in recommending antidiabetic drugs with more complete parameters and recommend dosage and frequency. The model developed uses the Fuzzy Profile Matching method. Fuzzy is used to calculate the suitability between the patient's condition and the type of antidiabetic drug. Profile Matching is used to calculate the core factor and secondary factor to obtain each drug's total value. The dose was calculated using the FIS Tsukamoto for inputting low dosage, and high dosage calculated the weighted average value. Determination of frequency using the IF-Then function. Model evaluation is done by comparing recommendation data from doctors. The results of the evaluation of the model obtained an accuracy of 90%. This system will reduce medical personnel errors in recommending antidiabetic drugs that can positively impact patients' time, the healing process, and costs. This study provides knowledge that antidiabetes drugs' determination requires many parameters, while other studies used only 4 to 8. This study also provides an overview of the dosages of drugs that drug companies can produce. Usually, the company only makes low and high dosage. This study shows that creating multiple drug dosage is more efficient for patients.
A Web-based DSS: Information System for Sustainable Fisheries Supply Chain in Coastal Communities of Small Islands Indonesia
Authors: Teniwut Wellem Anselmus , Hasyim Cawalinya Livsanthi , Arifin Dawamul
Published: July 2021

Recent advances in the development of information technology and the rapid use of decision support systems play significant roles in various fields, including the fisheries sector. Fishery-based activity for small island regions created more complicated problems that limited marine resources and high production costs. Thus, the need to develop efficient and effective tools for interconnecting supply and production becomes more crucial than ever to help local coastal communities. This study aimed to designs a web-based DSS for a sustainable supply chain of sectors in Southeast Maluku Regency, Indonesia (SIRIPIKAN). Firstly, we crafted the DSS framework to identify the fishing, supplier, and seller locations. Secondly, we measured the level of sustainability of marine resources. Thirdly, the web-based DSS can help local coastal communities increase managers' capability and ability in the fisheries-related business activity carried out. SIRIPIKAN aims to increase the profitability of fisheries business activities in coastal communities and preserve marine resources. This research combined the data mining activities with spatial analysis to obtain the cluster support map and MSY to measure sustainability and feasibility study as an approach for the development of the system. The model provides an integrated sustainable production with users' input used to optimize the decision-making process of profitability and sustainability in existing marine resources.
Measurement Model on Community Farmer for Agriculture Cluster Development
Authors: Silfia - , Helmi - , Noer Melinda , Henmaidi -
Published: July 2021

Community entrepreneurship (CE) is an established synergetic network between the community and social entrepreneurship. CE in agricultural cluster area development (ACD), which is based on small-medium enterprise (SMEs) comprises the collaborative engagement between farmer community, agribusiness cluster, and common resources. This research aims to analyze CE performance in ACD based on SMES through emerging CE variables and how to manage CE’s variables most effectively. This study contributes to the enhancement of CE performance in ACD. It also contributes to the methodology through the community effectiveness entrepreneurship index (CEEI). CEEI is a model to measure CE in ACD. It is an average score of 30 indicators from CE functions: collective innovation, collective supply chain management, collective accessibility to economic resources and opportunities, profit accumulation, and benefit-sharing. Using a factor analysis validation, CEEI has been applied to farmer groups in Lembah Gumanti subdistrict, Solok regency, West Sumatra province, Indonesia as a pilot test. The results indicated constructing the measured performance of CE in ACD identified CE performance supported by all CE variables. There are three CE effectiveness categories in ACD; strong (4), fair (3), and weak. Primarily, the management has yet been effective for CE variables. This is because the majority of CE is still not managed by non-social business communities. Community social businesses are better at managing synergies with the dimensions of collective action for innovation, SCM, accessibility, profits, and benefit-sharing.
Using Pixel-Based Image Classification to Identify City Structure Development in Balikpapan City, East Kalimantan
Authors: Salam Hafadz , Damayanti Astrid , Indra Tito Latif , Dimyati Muhammad
Published: July 2021

A city structure is a composition of forming a city. The shape of its city can characterize the development. City development must be sustainable, then the city structure formed must also support sustainable development. Pixel-based image classification is a method used in remote sensing to quickly and multi-temporally identify structures of development of the city. Balikpapan is a National Activity Center (PKN) that has a strategic location for national and international transport routes and, therefore, can accelerate the development of the city. The study aims to identify the development of city structures formed in Balikpapan from 2009, 2014, and 2019 by using pixel-based image classification and overlay analysis. The variables of this study are developed land, non-developed land, vegetation land, and water body. The study results show the development of the city structure by forming several core structures in Balikpapan, or called multi-nuclei, on city structure theory by Harris and Ullman in 1945. The built-up area dominates the development of the city structure, and development dominates from southern to eastern of Balikpapan City. The city center formed has a role as Central Business District (CBD), and the sub-city center created helps the city center to equalize sustainable development for a better future. The development of the city structure in Balikpapan provides direction to help adjust the city in the future.
UV-Vis Absorbance and Fluorescence Characterization of Pasig River Surface Water Samples Towards the Development of an LED Fluorescence Lidar System
Authors: Cadondon Jumar G. , Vallar Edgar A. , Belo Lawrence P. , Orbecido Aileen H. , Galvez Maria Cecilia D.
Published: July 2021

The status of water quality in Pasig River was studied using UV-Vis absorbance, 3D excitation-emission matrices (EEMs), fluorescence measurements of dissolved organic matter (DOM), and physicochemical parameters measurements. The study was conducted at seven selected sampling stations in Pasig river from April 2019 to June 2019. It has been years since the government has conducted rehabilitation on the Pasig river and we want to determine its current water quality status with the additional information provided by the UV-Vis absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy. Several surface water samples were collected using the Pasig River ferry system at (St 1) Lawton Station, (St 4) Valenzuela Station, and (St 7) San Joaquin Station. After computing for the absorbance values at 280-nm, 250-nm/365-nm, 253-nm/203-nm, and 226-400, we have used this method to determine the presence of organic carbon and its aromatic substituents. The results showed low humification degree and aromatic structure and vary from April to June 2019. (St 3) shows higher stability organic molecules containing benzene ring structures. A seasonal variability has been observed from the water quality parameters, which is also present from the fluorescence measurements. DOM sources were measured using fluorescence index (FI), the results showed that all surface water samples were terrestrially derived DOM concentrations. The variance can be attributed to the effluents from the land use types near the sampling stations such as industrial and residential waste. Based on the water quality, absorbance and fluorescence results, the impact of marine waters greatly affects the characterization and production of organic materials.
Government Reorganization in the ICT Sector: Analysis of Multi-Level Factors from the Case of South Korea
Authors: Yoo Jisung , Kim Koomin , Kim Jun Houng
Published: July 2021

Governments around the world have invested agreatdealof time and energy to reform their administrative structures for increasing public officials’ efficiency in internal affairs and improving citizens’ satisfaction on public service. The literature on government reorganization, consisting mostly of in-depth case studies on the influential factors of government reorganization through a small-N sample of countries, has contributed to understanding the essence of government reorganization. This study raises its limitations and the necessity of follow-up studies examining the influential factors of demands and needs for government reorganization for diagnosis and prediction purposes through a large-N sample of individuals. In this vein, this study aims to perform logistic analysis to investigate the factors influencing the perceptions of survey respondents (i.e., the general public and government officials) on the need for government reorganization based on information and communications technology (ICT) in the Korean public sector. According to research findings, “possibility of conflict between security and smart work” and “urgency of responses to AI development” are associated with an increase in the perceived necessity to reorganize the ICT sector. On the other hand, “organizational amalgamation by integrating government-affiliated institutes” and “policy direction in the mobile era” are associated with a decrease in the perceived necessity to reorganize the ICT sector. These research findings suggest that scholars and practitioners need to consider multi-level factors of government reorganization when they conceive, design, adopt, and implement the restructuring of ICT-sector agencies.
Simulation of Oil Spill Pollution due to Tsunami in Cilacap, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Hidayat Rizky , Wibowo Mardi , Sartimbul Aida
Published: July 2021

Cilacap, located on the south coast of Java Island, is an “oil and gas city”. Cilacap has many oil refineries, storage, and loading & unloading facilities. However, these facilities’ existence is threatened by the potential for earthquakes and tsunami in Cilacap because Cilacap is very close to the Eurasia and Indo-Australian plates’ subduction zone. The earthquake and tsunami waves can damage these facilities and cause secondary disasters, namely oil spill pollution. The first step to anticipate is to predict the direction and distribution of the oil spill due to tsunami through simulation and numerical modeling. This simulation and modeling used the TUNAMI model, hydrodynamic model, and spill analysis model based on the worst-case scenario (Mw 9.0 earthquake). This study simulates and models the oil spill in the west and east monsoons. Based on this simulation and modeling result, we know that the direction and distribution of the oil spill in the west and east monsoons are relatively the same and move more dominantly in the current direction. The spread of the oil spill caused by the tsunami was faster than the oil spill in general. Some of the oil spills spread inland more than 1 km north of the Teluk Penyu coast. The authors expect this study’s results can be used as material for preparing of contingency plans for handling oil spills to minimize negative impacts.