bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recommendation Model Based on a Heterogeneous Personalized Spacey Embedding Method
Authors: Ruan Qunsheng , Zhang Yiru , Zheng Yuhui , Wang Yingdong , Wu Qingfeng , Ma Tianqi , Liu Xiling
Published: February 2021

The traditional heterogeneous embedding method based on a random walk strategy does not focus on the random walk fundamentally because of higher-order Markov chains. One of the important properties of Markov chains is stationary distributions (SDs). However, in large-scale network computation, SDs are not feasible and consume a lot of memory. So, we use a non-Markovian space strategy, i.e., a heterogeneous personalized spacey random walk strategy, to efficiently get SDs between nodes and skip some unimportant intermediate nodes, which allows for more accurate vector representation and memory savings. This heterogeneous personalized spacey random walk strategy was extended to heterogeneous space embedding methods in combination with vector learning, which is better than the traditional heterogeneous embedding methods for node classification tasks. As an excellent embedding method can obtain more accurate vector representations, it is important for the improvement of the recommendation model. In this article, recommendation algorithm research was carried out based on the heterogeneous personalized spacey embedding method. For the problem that the standard random walk strategy used to compute the stationary distribution consumes a large amount of memory, which may lead to inefficient node vector representation, we propose a meta-path-based heterogenous personalized spacey random walk for recommendation (MPHSRec). The meta-path-based heterogeneous personalized spacey random walk strategy is used to generate a meaningful sequence of nodes for network representation learning, and the learned embedded vectors of different meta-paths are transformed by a nonlinear fusion function and integrated into a matrix decomposition model for rating prediction. The experimental results demonstrate that MPHSRec not only improves the accuracy, but also reduces the memory cost compared with other excellent algorithms.
Topological Indices and f-Polynomials on Some Graph Products
Authors: Abreu-Blaya Ricardo , Bermudo Sergio , Rodríguez José M. , Tourís Eva
Published: February 2021

We obtain inequalities involving many topological indices in classical graph products by using the f-polynomial. In particular, we work with lexicographic product, Cartesian sum and Cartesian product, and with first Zagreb, forgotten, inverse degree and sum lordeg indices.
Optimization of Generatively Encoded Multi-Material Lattice Structures for Desired Deformation Behavior
Authors: Ćurković Petar
Published: February 2021

Natural systems achieve favorable mechanical properties through coupling significantly different elastic moduli within a single tissue. However, when it comes to man-made materials and structures, there are a lack of methods which enable production of artifacts inspired by these phenomena. In this study, a method for design automation based on alternate deposition of soft and stiff struts within a multi-material 3D lattice structure with desired deformation behavior is proposed. These structures, once external forces are applied, conform to the geometry given in advance. For that purpose, a population-based algorithm was proposed and integrated with a multi-material physics simulator. To reduce the amount of data processed during optimization, a generative encoding method based on discrete cosine transform (DCT) was proposed. This enabled a compressed topological description and promoted symmetry in material distribution. The simulation results showed different three-dimensional lattice structures designed with proposed algorithm to meet a set of desired deformation behaviors. The relation between residual deformation error, targeted deformation geometry, and material distribution is discussed.
Lagrangian Curve Flows on Symplectic Spaces
Authors: Terng Chuu-Lian , Wu Zhiwei
Published: February 2021

A smooth map γ in the symplectic space R2n is Lagrangian if γ,γx,…, γx(2n−1) are linearly independent and the span of γ,γx,…,γx(n−1) is a Lagrangian subspace of R2n. In this paper, we (i) construct a complete set of differential invariants for Lagrangian curves in R2n with respect to the symplectic group Sp(2n), (ii) construct two hierarchies of commuting Hamiltonian Lagrangian curve flows of C-type and A-type, (iii) show that the differential invariants of solutions of Lagrangian curve flows of C-type and A-type are solutions of the Drinfeld-Sokolov’s C^n(1)-KdV flows and A^2n−1(2)-KdV flows respectively, (iv) construct Darboux transforms, Permutability formulas, and scaling transforms, and give an algorithm to construct explicit soliton solutions, (v) give bi-Hamiltonian structures and commuting conservation laws for these curve flows.
Occurrence of Free and Conjugated Mycotoxins in Aromatic and Medicinal Plants and Dietary Exposure Assessment in the Moroccan Population
Authors: El Jai Aicha , Zinedine Abdellah , Juan-García Ana , Mañes Jordi , Etahiri Samira , Juan Cristina
Published: February 2021

Aromatic and medicinal plants (AMPs), as herbal material, are subjected to contamination by various mycotoxin-producing fungi, either free and conjugated. Such a problem is associated with poor storage practices, and lack of adopting good agricultural practices and good harvesting practices. Nevertheless, AMPs are poorly investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the co-occurrence of 15 mycotoxins (four aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2), ochratoxin A (OTA), beauvericin (BEA), four enniatins (ENA, ENA1, ENB, and ENB1), zearalenone (ZEN), alternariol (AOH), tentoxin (TENT), T-2, and HT-2 toxins) in 40 samples of AMPs frequently consumed in Morocco by using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Evaluation of conjugated mycotoxins and their identification using liquid chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry with ion mass exact was also carried out. Results showed that 90% of the analyzed samples presented at least one mycotoxin, and 52% presented co-occurrence of them. Mycotoxins detected were: AOH (85%), ZEN (27.5%), β-ZEL (22%), AFG1 (17.5%), TENT (17.5%), ENB (10%), AFG2 (7.5%), α-ZEL (5%), ENA1 (2.5%), and HT-2 (2.5%), while the conjugated mycotoxins were ZEN-14-Glc (11%) and ZEN-14-Sulf (9%). The highest observed level was for AOH, with 309 ng/g. Ten samples exceeded the recommended levels set by the European Pharmacopoeia for AF mycotoxins in plant material (4 ng/g), and three samples exceeded the maximum limits for AFs (10 ng/g) in species established by the European Commission. Although the co-occurrence of several mycotoxins in AMP samples was observed, the dietary exposure assessment showed that the intake of mycotoxins through the consumption of AMP beverages does not represent a risk for the population.
Small Pore-Forming Toxins Different Membrane Area Binding and Ca2+ Permeability of Pores Determine Cellular Resistance of Monocytic Cells
Authors: Larpin Yu , Besançon Hervé , Babiychuk Victoriia S. , Babiychuk Eduard B. , Köffel René
Published: February 2021

Pore-forming toxins (PFTs) form multimeric trans-membrane pores in cell membranes that differ in pore channel diameter (PCD). Cellular resistance to large PFTs (>20 nm PCD) was shown to rely on Ca2+ influx activated membrane repair mechanisms. Small PFTs (<2 nm PCD) were shown to exhibit a high cytotoxic activity, but host cell response and membrane repair mechanisms are less well studied. We used monocytic immune cell lines to investigate the cellular resistance and host membrane repair mechanisms to small PFTs lysenin (Eisenia fetida) and aerolysin (Aeromonas hydrophila). Lysenin, but not aerolysin, is shown to induce Ca2+ influx from the extracellular space and to activate Ca2+ dependent membrane repair mechanisms. Moreover, lysenin binds to U937 cells with higher efficiency as compared to THP-1 cells, which is in line with a high sensitivity of U937 cells to lysenin. In contrast, aerolysin equally binds to U937 or THP-1 cells, but in different plasma membrane areas. Increased aerolysin induced cell death of U937 cells, as compared to THP-1 cells, is suggested to be a consequence of cap-like aerolysin binding. We conclude that host cell resistance to small PFTs attack comprises binding efficiency, pore localization, and capability to induce Ca2+ dependent membrane repair mechanisms.
Characterizing and Evaluating the Zoonotic Potential of Novel Viruses Discovered in Vampire Bats
Authors: Bergner Laura M. , Mollentze Nardus , Orton Richard J. , Tello Carlos , Broos Alice , Biek Roman , Streicker Daniel G.
Published: February 2021

The contemporary surge in metagenomic sequencing has transformed knowledge of viral diversity in wildlife. However, evaluating which newly discovered viruses pose sufficient risk of infecting humans to merit detailed laboratory characterization and surveillance remains largely speculative. Machine learning algorithms have been developed to address this imbalance by ranking the relative likelihood of human infection based on viral genome sequences, but are not yet routinely applied to viruses at the time of their discovery. Here, we characterized viral genomes detected through metagenomic sequencing of feces and saliva from common vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) and used these data as a case study in evaluating zoonotic potential using molecular sequencing data. Of 58 detected viral families, including 17 which infect mammals, the only known zoonosis detected was rabies virus; however, additional genomes were detected from the families Hepeviridae, Coronaviridae, Reoviridae, Astroviridae and Picornaviridae, all of which contain human-infecting species. In phylogenetic analyses, novel vampire bat viruses most frequently grouped with other bat viruses that are not currently known to infect humans. In agreement, machine learning models built from only phylogenetic information ranked all novel viruses similarly, yielding little insight into zoonotic potential. In contrast, genome composition-based machine learning models estimated different levels of zoonotic potential, even for closely related viruses, categorizing one out of four detected hepeviruses and two out of three picornaviruses as having high priority for further research. We highlight the value of evaluating zoonotic potential beyond ad hoc consideration of phylogeny and provide surveillance recommendations for novel viruses in a wildlife host which has frequent contact with humans and domestic animals.
Structural and Functional Diversity among Five RING Finger Proteins from Carassius Auratus Herpesvirus (CaHV)
Authors: Wang Zi-Hao , Ke Fei , Zhang Qi-Ya , Gui Jian-Fang
Published: February 2021

Carassius auratus herpesvirus (CaHV) has been identified as a high-virulence pathogenic virus that infects aquatic animals, but the key factor for virus–host interaction is still unclear. Five Really interesting new genes (RING) finger proteins (39L, 52L, 131R, 136L, and 143R) of CaHV were screened to determine structural diversity. RING finger proteins were also predicted in other known fish herpesviruses, with an arrangement and number similar to CaHV. We performed multifaceted analyses of the proteins, including protein sizes, skeleton structures, subcellular localizations, and ubiquitination activities, to determine their precise roles in virus–host interactions. The five proteins were overexpressed and detected different levels of ubiquitination activities, and 143R showed the highest activity. Then, the prokaryotic expressed and purified full-length proteins (131R and 136L), RING domain isolates (131R12–43 and 136L45–87), and RING domain-deleted mutants (131RΔ12–43 and 136LΔ45–87) were prepared to detect their activities through ubiquitination assays. The results indicate that both full-length proteins and their isolates have activities that catalyze ubiquitination, and the full-length proteins possess higher activity than the isolates, but RING domain-deleted mutants lose their activities. Furthermore, the activities of the five proteins were verified as E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, showing that the RING domains determine the ubiquitination activity. These proteins present different subcellular localization. RING domain-deleted mutants showed similar subcellular localization with their full-length proteins, and all the isolates diffused in whole cells. The current results indicate that the sequence outside the RING domain determines subcellular localization and the level of ubiquitination activity, suggesting that the RING finger proteins of fish herpesviruses might have diverse functions in virus–host interaction.
Deletion of the L7L-L11L Genes Attenuates ASFV and Induces Protection against Homologous Challenge
Authors: Zhang Jingyuan , Zhang Yanyan , Chen Teng , Yang Jinjin , Yue Huixian , Wang Lidong , Zhou Xintao , Qi Yu , Han Xun , Ke Junnan , Wang Shuchao , Yang Jinmei , Miao Faming , Zhang Shoufeng , Zhang Fei , Wang Ying , Li Min , Hu Rongliang
Published: February 2021

African swine fever (ASF), caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), is a major epidemic disease endangering the swine industry. Although a number of vaccine candidates have been reported, none are commercially available yet. To explore the effect of unknown genes on the biological characteristics of ASFV and the possibility of a gene-deleted isolate as a vaccine candidate, the strain SY18ΔL7-11, with deletions of L7L–L11L genes from ASFV SY18, was constructed, and its biological properties were analyzed. The results show that deletion of genes L7L-L11L did not affect replication of the virus in vitro. Virulence of SY18△L7-11 was significantly reduced, as 11 of the 12 pigs survived for 28 days after intramuscular inoculation with a low dose (103 TCID50) or a high dose (106 TCID50) of SY18ΔL7-11. All 11 surviving pigs were completely protected against challenge with the parental ASFV SY18 on 28 days postinoculation (dpi). Transient fever and/or irregularly low levels of genomic DNA in the blood were monitored in some pigs after inoculation. No ASF clinical signs or viremia were monitored after challenge. Antibodies to ASFV were induced in all pigs from 14 to 21 days postinoculation. IFN-γ was detected in most of the inoculated pigs, which is usually inhibited in ASFV-infected pigs. Overall, the results demonstrate that SY18ΔL7-11 is a candidate for further constructing safer vaccine(s), with better joint deletions of other gene(s) related to virulence.
Identification of RSV Fusion Protein Interaction Domains on the Virus Receptor, Nucleolin
Authors: Mastrangelo Peter , Chin Allysia A. , Tan Stephanie , Jeon Amy H. , Ackerley Cameron A. , Siu Karen K. , Lee Jeffrey E. , Hegele Richard G.
Published: February 2021

Nucleolin is an essential cellular receptor to human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Pharmacological targeting of the nucleolin RNA binding domain RBD1,2 can inhibit RSV infections in vitro and in vivo; however, the site(s) on RBD1,2 which interact with RSV are not known. We undertook a series of experiments designed to: document RSV-nucleolin co-localization on the surface of polarized MDCK cells using immunogold electron microscopy, to identify domains on nucleolin that physically interact with RSV using biochemical methods and determine their biological effects on RSV infection in vitro, and to carry out structural analysis toward informing future RSV drug development. Results of immunogold transmission and scanning electron microscopy showed RSV-nucleolin co-localization on the cell surface, as would be expected for a viral receptor. RSV, through its fusion protein (RSV-F), physically interacts with RBD1,2 and these interactions can be competitively inhibited by treatment with Palivizumab or recombinant RBD1,2. Treatment with synthetic peptides derived from two 12-mer domains of RBD1,2 inhibited RSV infection in vitro, with structural analysis suggesting these domains are potentially feasible for targeting in drug development. In conclusion, the identification and characterization of domains of nucleolin that interact with RSV provide the essential groundwork toward informing design of novel nucleolin-targeting compounds in RSV drug development.
Distinct Features of Germinal Center Reactions in Macaques Infected by SIV or Vaccinated with a T-Dependent Model Antigen
Authors: Trovato Maria , Ibrahim Hany M. , Isnard Stephane , Le Grand Roger , Bosquet Nathalie , Borhis Gwenoline , Richard Yolande
Published: February 2021

B-cell follicles constitute large reservoirs of infectious HIV/SIV associated to follicular dendritic cells and infecting follicular helper (TFH) and regulatory (TFR) T-cells in germinal centers (GCs). Thus, follicular and GC B-cells are persistently exposed to viral antigens. Despite recent development of potent HIV immunogens, numerous questions are still open regarding GC reaction during early HIV/SIV infection. Here, we dissect the dynamics of B- and T-cells in GCs of macaques acutely infected by SIV (Group SIV+) or vaccinated with Tetanus Toxoid (Group TT), a T-dependent model antigen. Systemic inflammation and mobilization of antigen-presenting cells in inguinal lymph nodes and spleen are lower in Group TT than in Group SIV+. Despite spleen GC reaction of higher magnitude in Group SIV+, the development of protective immunity could be limited by abnormal helper functions of TFH massively polarized into TFH1-like cells, by inflammation-induced recruitment of fCD8 (either regulatory or cytotoxic) and by low numbers of TFR limiting TFH/TFR competition for high affinity B-cells. Increased GC B-cells apoptosis and accumulation of CD21lo memory B-cells, unable to further participate to GC reaction, likely contribute to eliminate SIV-specific B-cells and decrease antibody affinity maturation. Surprisingly, functional GCs and potent TT-specific antibodies develop despite low levels of CXCL13.
Mosquito-Borne Viruses and Non-Human Vertebrates in Australia: A Review
Authors: Ong Oselyne T. W. , Skinner Eloise B. , Johnson Brian J. , Old Julie M.
Published: February 2021

Mosquito-borne viruses are well recognized as a global public health burden amongst humans, but the effects on non-human vertebrates is rarely reported. Australia, houses a number of endemic mosquito-borne viruses, such as Ross River virus, Barmah Forest virus, and Murray Valley encephalitis virus. In this review, we synthesize the current state of mosquito-borne viruses impacting non-human vertebrates in Australia, including diseases that could be introduced due to local mosquito distribution. Given the unique island biogeography of Australia and the endemism of vertebrate species (including macropods and monotremes), Australia is highly susceptible to foreign mosquito species becoming established, and mosquito-borne viruses becoming endemic alongside novel reservoirs. For each virus, we summarize the known geographic distribution, mosquito vectors, vertebrate hosts, clinical signs and treatments, and highlight the importance of including non-human vertebrates in the assessment of future disease outbreaks. The mosquito-borne viruses discussed can impact wildlife, livestock, and companion animals, causing significant changes to Australian ecology and economy. The complex nature of mosquito-borne disease, and challenges in assessing the impacts to non-human vertebrate species, makes this an important topic to periodically review.
Advances in Hepatitis E Virus Biology and Pathogenesis
Authors: Lin Shaoli , Zhang Yan-Jin
Published: February 2021

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is one of the causative agents for liver inflammation across the world. HEV is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus. Human HEV strains mainly belong to four major genotypes in the genus Orthohepevirus A, family Hepeviridae. Among the four genotypes, genotype 1 and 2 are obligate human pathogens, and genotype 3 and 4 cause zoonotic infections. HEV infection with genotype 1 and 2 mainly presents as acute and self-limiting hepatitis in young adults. However, HEV infection of pregnant women with genotype 1 strains can be exacerbated to fulminant hepatitis, resulting in a high rate of case fatality. As pregnant women maintain the balance of maternal-fetal tolerance and effective immunity against invading pathogens, HEV infection with genotype 1 might dysregulate the balance and cause the adverse outcome. Furthermore, HEV infection with genotype 3 can be chronic in immunocompromised patients, with rapid progression, which has been a challenge since it was reported years ago. The virus has a complex interaction with the host cells in downregulating antiviral factors and recruiting elements to generate a conducive environment of replication. The virus-cell interactions at an early stage might determine the consequence of the infection. In this review, advances in HEV virology, viral life cycle, viral interference with the immune response, and the pathogenesis in pregnant women are discussed, and perspectives on these aspects are presented.
HIV mRNA Vaccines—Progress and Future Paths
Authors: Mu Zekun , Haynes Barton F. , Cain Derek W.
Published: February 2021

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic introduced the world to a new type of vaccine based on mRNA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Instead of delivering antigenic proteins directly, an mRNA-based vaccine relies on the host’s cells to manufacture protein immunogens which, in turn, are targets for antibody and cytotoxic T cell responses. mRNA-based vaccines have been the subject of research for over three decades as a platform to protect against or treat a variety of cancers, amyloidosis and infectious diseases. In this review, we discuss mRNA-based approaches for the generation of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines to HIV. We examine the special immunological hurdles for a vaccine to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies and effective T cell responses to HIV. Lastly, we outline an mRNA-based HIV vaccination strategy based on the immunobiology of broadly neutralizing antibody development.
Identification of Two Novel Linear Neutralizing Epitopes within the Hexon Protein of Canine Adenovirus Using Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Wang Shujie , Wang Chunsheng , Ren Xiao , Xue Wenjiao , He Haijuan , Zhu Yanzhu , Wang Hongfeng , Wang Gang , Cai Xuehui
Published: February 2021

Canine adenovirus (CAdV) has a high prevalence in canine populations. High affinity neutralizing antibodies against conserved epitopes can provide protective immunity against CAdV and protect against future outbreaks. In this study, we identified two CAdV-2-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), 2C1 and 7D7, which recognized two linear-dependent epitopes. MAb 2C1 potently neutralized CAdV-2 with a 50% neutralization titer (NT50) of 4096, and mAb 7D7 partially neutralized CAdV-2 with a 50% NT50 of 64. Immunoprecipitation, Western blot and protein spectral analysis indicated that both neutralizing mAbs recognized the hexon protein (Hex) of CAdV-2. Through a 12-mer random peptide phage display and synthetic peptides analysis, we finely mapped the neutralizing epitopes to two 10-amino acid (aa) peptides within the CAdV Hex: 634RIKQRETPAL643 located on the surface region; and 736PESYKDRMYS745 located in the inner region of the expected 3D structure of trimeric Hex. Importantly, the two epitopes are highly conserved among all CAdV isolates by sequence alignment analysis. Thus, these results provide insights into the interaction between virus and mAbs at the aa level and may have potential applications in the development of novel therapeutic or epitope-based vaccines, antibody therapeutics and a diagnostic method suitable for the rapid detection of all CAdVs.
Using Multi-Factor Analysis to Predict Urban Flood Depth Based on Naive Bayes
Authors: Wang Huiliang , Wang Hongfa , Wu Zening , Zhou Yihong
Published: February 2021

With global warming, the number of extreme weather events will increase. This scenario, combined with accelerating urbanization, increases the likelihood of urban flooding. Therefore, it is necessary to predict the characteristics of flooded areas caused by rainstorms, especially the flood depth. We applied the Naive Bayes theory to construct a model (NB model) to predict urban flood depth here in Zhengzhou. The model used 11 factors that affect the extent of flooding—rainfall, duration of rainfall, peak rainfall, the proportion of roads, woodlands, grasslands, water bodies and building, permeability, catchment area, and slope. The forecast depth of flooding from the NB model under different rainfall conditions was used to draw an urban inundation map by ArcGIS software. The results show that the probability and degree of urban flooding in Zhengzhou increases significantly after a return period of once every two years, and the flooded areas mainly occurred in older urban areas. The average root mean square error of prediction results was 0.062, which verifies the applicability and validity of our model in the depth prediction of urban floods. Our findings suggest the NB model as a feasible approach to predict urban flood depth.
Use of the Zebra Mussel Dreissena polymorpha (Mollusca, Bivalvia) as a Bioindicator of Microplastics Pollution in Freshwater Ecosystems: A Case Study from Lake Iseo (North Italy)
Authors: Pastorino Paolo , Prearo Marino , Anselmi Serena , Menconi Vasco , Bertoli Marco , Dondo Alessandro , Pizzul Elisabetta , Renzi Monia
Published: February 2021

The monitoring of microplastics pollution in freshwater environments trails behind its practice in marine ecosystems. We evaluated the use of the invasive zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) as a potential bioindicator of microplastic litter in freshwater lakes. Samples were collected from three sites (Lovere, Costa Volpino, Castro) at the northern end of Lake Iseo (one of the major subalpine lakes in north Italy) and compared for water physicochemical parameters, biometrical features of zebra mussels, and microplastics items/specimens (color, shape, size, and chemical composition). We hypothesized that since a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) on the Oglio River discharges into this area of the lake, the microplastics in D.polymorpha could be measured and compared in samples from the three sites at different distances from the WWTP. There was no difference in the physicochemical water parameters and biometric features between the samples from the three sites, whereas there was a significant difference in items/specimen between the sites in decreasing order (mean ± standard deviation): Costa Volpino (0.23 ± 0.43) > Lovere (0.07 ± 0.25) > Castro (0.03 ± 0.18). The chi-square test showed a significant difference in shape, color, and chemical composition frequency in the samples from the three sites. The chemical composition of the microplastics was polyethylene terephthalate (45%), nylon (20%), polypropylene (20%), polyamide resin (10%), and polyvinyl chloride (5%). Our data show that the amount of microplastics the zebra mussel accumulated was greater the closer the sampling site to the WWTP. Our findings suggest that the zebra mussel may provide a useful tool to monitor microplastics pollution in lakes.
Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in Aerosolized Wastewater: Toilet Flushing, Wastewater Treatment, and Sprinkler Irrigation
Authors: Usman Muhammad , Farooq Muhammad , Farooq Muhammad , Anastopoulos Ioannis
Published: February 2021

The existence of SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in wastewater raises the opportunity of tracking wastewater for epidemiological monitoring of this disease. However, the existence of this virus in wastewater has raised health concerns regarding the fecal–oral transmission of COVID-19. This short review is intended to highlight the potential implications of aerosolized wastewater in transmitting this virus. As aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 could offer a more direct respiratory pathway for human exposure, the transmission of this virus remains a significant possibility in the prominent wastewater-associated bioaerosols formed during toilet flushing, wastewater treatment, and sprinkler irrigation. Implementing wastewater disinfection, exercising precautions, and raising public awareness would be essential. Additional research is needed to evaluate the survival, fate, and dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater and the environment and rapid characterization of aerosols and their risk assessment.
Deep Learning with Long Short Term Memory Based Sequence-to-Sequence Model for Rainfall-Runoff Simulation
Authors: Han Heechan , Choi Changhyun , Jung Jaewon , Kim Hung Soo
Published: February 2021

Accurate runoff prediction is one of the important tasks in various fields such as agriculture, hydrology, and environmental studies. Recently, with massive improvements of computational system and hardware, the deep learning-based approach has recently been applied for more accurate runoff prediction. In this study, the long short-term memory model with sequence-to-sequence structure was applied for hourly runoff predictions from 2015 to 2019 in the Russian River basin, California, USA. The proposed model was used to predict hourly runoff with lead time of 1–6 h using runoff data observed at upstream stations. The model was evaluated in terms of event-based performance using the statistical metrics including root mean square error, Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency, peak runoff error, and peak time error. The results show that proposed model outperforms support vector machine and conventional long short-term memory models. In addition, the model has the best predictive ability for runoff events, which means that it can be effective for developing short-term flood forecasting and warning systems. The results of this study demonstrate that the deep learning-based approach for hourly runoff forecasting has high predictive power and sequence-to-sequence structure is effective method to improve the prediction results.
Predicting Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms (CyanoHABs) in a Regulated River Using a Revised EFDC Model
Authors: Ahn Jung Min , Kim Jungwook , Park Lan Joo , Jeon Jihye , Jong Jaehun , Min Joong-Hyuk , Kang Taegu
Published: February 2021

Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms (CyanoHABs) produce toxins and odors in public water bodies and drinking water. Current process-based models predict algal blooms by modeling chlorophyll-a concentrations. However, chlorophyll-a concentrations represent all algae and hence, a method for predicting the proportion of harmful cyanobacteria is required. We proposed a technique to predict harmful cyanobacteria concentrations based on the source codes of the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code from the National Institute of Environmental Research. A graphical user interface was developed to generate information about general water quality and algae which was subsequently used in the model to predict harmful cyanobacteria concentrations. Predictive modeling was performed for the Hapcheon-Changnyeong Weir–Changnyeong-Haman Weir section of the Nakdong River, South Korea, from May to October 2019, the season in which CyanoHABs predominantly occur. To evaluate the success rate of the proposed model, a detailed five-step classification of harmful cyanobacteria levels was proposed. The modeling results demonstrated high prediction accuracy (62%) for harmful cyanobacteria. For the management of CyanoHABs, rather than chlorophyll-a, harmful cyanobacteria should be used as the index, to allow for a direct inference of their cell densities (cells/mL). The proposed method may help improve the existing Harmful Algae Alert System in South Korea.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR UPDATING DOCUMENTS ON STANDARDIZATION FIRE SAFETY SYSTEMS
Authors: SHITIKOV A.N. , SAPRONOV S.V.
Published: February 2021

The article considers the need to update the documents on standardization, defining the requirements for the installation of elements of fire safety systems on the example of fire detectors, revealed the discrepancy between the requirements of normative documentation and technical capabilities of modern fire detectors, proposed adjustments to the current body of rules based on practical experience. Objectives: Improving the quality of fire safety systems by improving the documents for standardization of these systems. Methods Applied: In the work, a formalized method of analysis and analysis of normative and methodological documents was used. Originality: The novelty elements include improved clauses of the current body of rules of fire protection systems. Findings: The article compares the technical capabilities of modern fire detectors with the requirements of the points of the current body of rules of fire protection systems. The comparison showed that the requirements of the current body of rules do not take into account the technical capabilities of modern elements of fire safety systems, as well as the features of installing these elements in rooms for various purposes. Practical Relevance: The proposed changes to the body of rules for fire protection systems will increase the efficiency of modern fire safety systems, eliminate the ambiguous interpretation of the requirements of the body of rules in the design and installation of fire safety systems, and also provide an opportunity for the relevant licensed organizations to make wider use of modern, more technologically advanced elements of the above systems.
INCREASED OPERATIONS RELIABILITY OF THE «CUMMINS» MARINE ENGINE SPEED CONTROL SYSTEM
Authors: GOGOLEV G.V.
Published: February 2021

The analysis of using cooling devices possibility on the basis of two–phase thermal siphons in «Cummins» marine diesel engine speed control systems is carried out.
CALCULATION OF CONTACT OF COMPOSITE ABRASIVE WITH NOZZLE WALLS, ENSURING REDUCING THE WEAR OF THE FOCUSING TUBE OF AN ABRASIVE WATERJET INSTALLATION
Authors: BARSUKOV G.V. , SHORKIN V.S. , KOZHUS O.G. , ZHURAVLEVA T.A.
Published: February 2021

The authors of the article to solve the problem of obtaining an effective composite abrasive material that allows preserving the focusing tube and increasing the cutting capabilities of the hydroabrasive jet, obtained theoretical dependences that establish the relationship between the strength of the abrasive–polymer joint and the modes of its production.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR DETERMINING THE SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF ELECTROTECHNICAL DETAILS FROM COPPER PROCESSED BY COMBINED TOOL
Authors: TKACHENKO A.N. , SELEMENEVA E.M. , SHAMRIN A.V. , CHEREPENKO A.A. , FROLENKOVA L.Yu.
Published: February 2021

The article considers a mathematical model of the surface roughness of electrotechnical details from copper processed by combined tool with a longitudinal arrangement of tools for turning and diamond smoothing with a study of the patterns of microrelief formation during machining and plastic deformation of a copper surface. Experimentally have been proved the relevance and scientific significance of the work and the need to take into account one of the component roughnesses in the calculations of other combined tools
THE EXTENDED KALMAN FILTER AUGMENTED BY AN ADAPTIVE DIGITAL FILTER FOR DATA FUSION OF A MOBILE ROBOT CONTROL SYSTEM
Authors: BEZMEN P.A.
Published: February 2021

The paper proposes the combination of the extended Kalman filter and an adaptive digital filter to compensate an operational error of the extended Kalman filter during data fusion of a mobile robot control system. The paper describes the structure and operation of such combination, shows the buffer memory configuration of an adaptive digital filter.
CONTROL METHOD FOR BIPEDAL ROBOTS WITH INTEGRATED ELASTIC ELEMENTS
Authors: SAVIN S.I. , VOROCHAEVA L.Yu.
Published: February 2021

The study deals with the control of a two–legged walking robot with elastic elements integrated into its links between the respective actuators and gearboxes. A mathematical model of the movement of the device in the sagittal plane, as well as a model of series elastic actuators, have been presented. A robot control algorithm based on the use of the CLQR controller is proposed. As a result of numerical simulation, the influence of elastic elements and their parameters on the robot dynamics has been established, taking into account the limitations of the drive torque (torque saturation) and the presence of nonlinearities in the sensor system of the object. The simulation was performed taking into account that the control system does not have access to a drive model with elastic elements.
MODEL AND ALGORITHM FOR PREDICTION OF QUALITY INDICATORS OF MILITARY COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT USING NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: IVANOV Yu.N. , DAVYDOVA N.V. , REMIZOV Yu.A. , MEDOYEV V.E.
Published: February 2021

The article presents an ANFIS–type neural model for approximating predictive function, which canbe applied to predict conditions and parameters of development of military communication technique. A model and algorithm for prediction of quality indicators of military communication equipment using a neural network is presented. Application of the developed algorithm allows to increase accuracy and reliability of forecast estimates under conditions of uncertainty of initial data.an algorithm for selecting the volume and nomenclature of quality indicators of military communication facilities and complexes, built on the basis of artificial neural networks, in order to predict their technical level and to improve the objectivity of the initial data in the selection of important quality indicators.
TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF PROCESSING COMPOSITES USING THE DEVELOPED DESIGN OF THE CUTTER FOR ROUGH TURNING
Authors: TITOVA I.V. , KONOPLIN A.N.
Published: February 2021

The article considers the technological process of mechanical processing of composite materials. The characteristic of composite materials and their physical and mechanical properties is given. The rationale for the need to improve the design of the cutting tool is given. The design of the cutting head has been developed for the cutting process. It consists of a rough and finishing incisors. To determine the optimal geometry of these incisors, 20 incisors of each type were manufactured with a modified geometry. Experiments with changing the values of the back and front corners were carried out. Recommended minimum front angle values for soft and hard materials. The radius of rounding of the roughing tool is recommended. The technological process of processing composite materials is given. The design of the roughing tool is described in detail, which largely eliminates the disadvantages of processing, increases productivity, improves quality, and increases durability.
WAYS TO IMPROVE THE RELIABILITY AND DURABILITY OF RESPONSIBLE PARTS BASED ON ADVANCED MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: KOLOSOVSKIY A.M.
Published: February 2021

The article discusses new technologies of production, repair of responsible parts of machines, as well as materials, the application of which allows ensuring a high level of reliability, durability and other important performance of military equipment. The current and promising direction in the field of creating high-performance coatings (as well as technologies of their application) with high physical and mechanical properties of responsible parts of mechanisms and machines is laser application and caking Nano powders, other advanced electro physical methods of coating formation with unique properties it is shown.
Usage of Business Analytics and Supply Chain Performance – An Empirical Study of Sri Lankan Aapparel Sector
Authors: D.D. Lakpura , K.H.G.M. Anuththara , P.P.G.C.N. Hansika , K.E.H. Fernando , Munasinghe Ranjiva , W. D. N. Madhavika
Published: February 2021

Advances in technology and innovation require companies to embrace these new trends to compete and stay ahead in the business world. In particular, there is a need for companies to incorporate Business Analytics practices within their organizations. Business Analytics consists of two components: Information Systems and Business Process Orientation. This study aims to investigate the impact of the use of Business Analytics on the Supply Chain Performance in apparel companies in Sri Lanka. This research focuses on discussing the objectives developed to achieve the purpose of the study. To achieve this objective, this current study investigates the relationship between the Information System, Supply Chain Performance and the effect of the use of the Information System in the supply chains of Sri Lankan apparel companies. The study uses a quantitative approach. In this study, for quantitative analysis study performs regression analysis and decision tree analysis. This study identifies a positive relationship between the Information System and the Supply Chain Performance. For further future studies, it is advisable to extend this study by examining the performance of medium-and large-scale companies in the country.
Primera aproximación a los microrrestos vegetales presentes en artefactos cerámicos y líticos de los sitios LRV11 y EP1, Valle de Ambato, Catamarca, Argentina
Authors: Colobig María de los Milagros , Figueroa Germán , Dantas Mariana
Published: February 2021

En este trabajo se dan a conocer los resultados obtenidos en los análisis de microrrestos de origen vegetal (fitolitos, y almidones) efectuados en artefactos cerámicos y líticos, procedentes de los sitios arqueológicos Los Varela Recinto 11 y El Polear 1, emplazados en el Valle de Ambato, Catamarca, Argentina. Si bien esta clase de estudios se viene realizando de manera sistemática en distintas regiones del noroeste argentino, lo cierto es que la mayoría se han centrado, principalmente, en instrumentos de molienda, siendo más escasos los análisis en material cerámico. Con el objetivo principal de establecer una posible relación entre clases cerámicas, formas de las vasijas y su uso, se examinaron en total 29 muestras (23 fragmentos cerámicos y 6 artefactos líticos). Los resultados obtenidos, permitieron la identificación de restos de maíz (Zea mays) yalgarrobo (Prosopis sp.) en material cerámico y maíz en lítico. Si bien, este trabajo es de carácter preliminar, la información obtenida integrada a resultados de investigaciones previas, nos permiten plantear, al menos por el momento, que el maíz ocupó un rol central en Aguada de Ambato durante el primer milenio de nuestra Era.
Autonomía en disputa: el cuidado en el marco de las relaciones familiares
Authors: Gutiérrez María Alicia , Voria Andrea
Published: February 2021

La heterosexualidad es un estilo de vida que ha sido hegemónico en los últimos 150 años, regido por la normatividad patriarcal que orienta el deseo hacia la reproducción y organiza el sostenimiento de la vida en términos complementarios (pero no recíprocos) entre los géneros. A través de una norma constrictiva disfrazada de naturaleza, los papeles sociales de la paternidad y la maternidad acaban siendo “biologizados”, naturalizados y jerarquizados. La familia se constituye en el espacio de reproducción de relaciones sociales desiguales poniendo en tensión la noción de autonomía, en especial para las mujeres, a pesar de su masiva incorporación a la vida pública. Indagaremos sobre la noción de autonomía frente a las demandas de cuidado que nos son impuestas por vivir en un mundo de seres que, por definición, somos física y psíquicamente vulnerables y dependientes unos de otros, más allá de los dictámenes de la división sexual del trabajo. Proponemos así reconocer la precariedad humana como punto de partida para una redefinición crítica de la noción de autonomía y como práctica de resistencia política.
Apuntes para un abordaje multidimensional de las políticas públicas. Los puntos ciegos de la agenda feminista sobre las transferencias condicionadas de ingresos
Authors: Goren Nora
Published: February 2021

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo proponer una matriz multidimensional de abordaje analítica así cómo dejar formulados una serie de interrogantes que nos permitan avanzar en la construcción de la agenda feminista sobre los programas de Transferencia Condicionada de Ingresos. Las esferas que consideramos son: la esfera estatal, el trabajo remunerado de las mujeres y las relaciones de reproducción en el hogar; a las cuales les incorporamos la agencia femenina, con la que buscamos hacer eje y darles protagonismo a las mujeres receptoras de los beneficios estatales. Así, a partir de un análisis dinámico de las relaciones sociales, nos proponemos que la categoría estatal de beneficiarias y/o sujetos de derechos le dé paso a la categoría de actoras sociales, que en lugar de reificarlas, las resitúe en el momento de la acción.
Análisis del training syllabus aplicado en el simulador de vuelo del AirBus A320
Authors: Urgilés-Quintuña Diego Heriberto , García-Herrera Darwin Gabriel , Erazo-Álvarez Juan Carlos , Narváez-Zurita Cecilia Ivonne
Published: February 2021

El objetivo de la investigación fue identificar los principales procedimientos o maniobras en los cuales los pilotos presentan mayor dificultad dentro del training syllabus del simulador de vuelo Airbus A320, a la vez que se comparan los resultados obtenidos entre los diversos segmentos de profesionales investigados y se proponen alternativas para mitigar este problema desde la parte educativa. El trabajo se desarrolló a través de una investigación no experimental – descriptiva  con un enfoque cuantitativo transversal. Los resultados evidencian que tanto los pilotos como los copilotos, tienen dificultades en el simulador, las cuales  se presentan durante las pruebas en simulador y su no aprobación, se puede superar con una adecuada capacitación basada en acompañamiento tutorial educativo permanente que permita dominar los procedimientos operacionales estándar de las aeronaves.
Migración y rendimiento académico en estudiantes de bachillerato
Authors: Masapanta-Serpa Julio Xavier , García-Herrera Darwin Gabriel , Cabrera-Berrezueta Luis Bolívar , Erazo-Álvarez Juan Carlos
Published: February 2021

La investigación tuvo por objetivo determinar la influencia que tiene la migración en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes en cuanto a la evaluación Ser Bachiller. Metodológicamente  es tipo descriptiva correlacional no experimental, a través de los datos de 1234 estudiantes, perteneciente a los cantones de Cañar, El Tambo y Suscal del Ecuador. Al aceptarse la hipótesis afirmativa, se comprueba que la motivación a migrar influye positivamente en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes. La migración cuando es planificada, puede influir positivamente en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de bachillerato, por cuanto se perciben con posibilidades de superarse, aunado a generar oportunidades de ingresar a estudios universitarios en el país receptor.
Objetos Virtuales de Aprendizaje: Una estrategia innovadora para la enseñanza de la Física
Authors: Fernández-Valverde Mery Carmita , Garcia-Herrera Darwin Gabriel , Erazo-Álvarez Cristián Andrés , Erazo-Álvarez Juan Carlos
Published: February 2021

La investigación tuvo por analizar los Objetos Virtuales de Aprendizaje dentro del proceso enseñanza – aprendizaje en la asignatura de Física en la búsqueda de la motivación de los estudiantes en su estudio. Fue de tipo descriptiva no experimental, de cohorte transversal, los datos se analizaron a través de técnicas estadísticas descriptivas y reflejan poca utilización de Objetos Virtuales de Aprendizaje para mejorar la comprensión de contenidos y la motivación, se evidencia también un alto grado de desconocimiento sobre este tema por parte de los docente, por lo que es necesario propender una capacitación al respecto, para su correcta aplicación y de esta manera, generar nuevos escenarios de aprendizajes significativos