bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CURRENT SITUATION AND PROBLEMS OF GENDER EQUALITY IN THE EDUCATIONAL
SECTOR OF UKRAINE: EU4SKILLS PROJECT
Authors: Domina Iuliana
Published: February 2022

Research articlepresents the results of the analytical stage of the expert gender audit of vocational education and its reform in the framework of the main tasks of the program «EU4Skills: Best Skills of Modern Ukraine», which is implemented in seven pilot regions of Ukraine with the support of the EU and its member states: Germany, Finland, Poland, Estonia.
Leading aspects for the expert gender audit of vocational education were the following: what framework conditions and hindering/promoting factors regarding gender equality exist in the vocational education system and in the selected pilot institutions; what are appropriate measures to address the gender disparities; which indicators are suitable for measuring progress in the gender-responsive/transformative implementation of the project; how to reduce the gender gap in sectorial employment; what kind of support is needed to help the vocational education system to develop and implement their gender policy; which gender trainings and other capacity development measures should be organised for employees.
PECULIARITIES OF VISUAL PERCEPTION OF VISUALLY IMPAIRED CHILDREN
Authors: Dmytrenko Kateryna
Published: February 2022

The author proved that limited opportunities in children manifest themselves in significantly limited life activities, which in turn significantly affect social maladaptation. A deep and comprehensive analysis is needed not only to understand modern experience in this field and successfully finda solution for this problem, but also to perceive the historical and pedagogical heritage of the past. Critical analysis of historical experience contributes to better understanding and eventual solving of the problems of modern typhlopedagogy.
The concept "visually impaired"is described. The categories of these children are defined. It is characterized that amblyopia is understood as various forms of decreased visual acuity caused by functional disorders of the visual apparatus. It is established that the term "strabismus" combines lesions of the visual and oculomotor systems that are different in origin and localization, causing periodic or permanent deviation of the eyeball. The authors proved that amblyopia and strabismus, causing a decrease in visual acuity and visual functions, inevitably cause visual deprivation.
It is proved that children with strabismus and amblyopia of monocular vision experience significant difficulties in determining the color saturation, shades and lightness of objects, the size of three-dimensional objects. It is established that this causes the impoverishment of the child's sensory experience, difficulty in orientation in space, disharmonious development of sensory and intellectual functions, which affects the development of visual-effective and visual-imaginative thinking.
The author, in the course of analyzing psychological and correctional sources, concludes that the process of perception of educational material by students with visual impairments largely depends on the clinical picture of the visual defect, on the structural and functional disorders of this analyzer.
It is determined that correctional and pedagogical work is organized and methodically directed depending on the functional disorders of vision (acuity, field, binocularity, gaze fixation, etc.), various ergonomic recommendations are determined by the author (visual, tactile, physical activity, illumination of the working surface of the table, etc.).
The author proved that ICTs can become a significant factor of positive changes, because their application allows attracting more participants in education at a lower cost, meeting the requirements of social justice for all groups of the population, opens up broad prospects for improving the quality of education, its accessibility for people with special psychophysical development, contributing to equal access to information and educational services, full and fruitful social integration. Introduction of open access repositories with educational and scientific content will provide alternative ways of acquiring knowledge despite time or space constraints.
PREVENTION OF BULLYING IN GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS:CURRENT STATE OF THE PROBLEM
Authors: Kharkivska Alla
Published: February 2022

The author defines the process of bullying in the system of general secondary education as the suppression of the spiritual fullness of the individual, as a phenomenon of deviant behavior. A number of various scientific researches of domestic and foreign psychologists and pedagogues on the interpretation and definition of bullying were analyzed. The results of social research of world organizations on statistics of the phenomenon of bullying among children in Ukraine were compared. Bullying is defined as a form of aggressive behavior in which someone intentionally and repeatedly causes harm or inconvenience.On the basis of systematization of definitions of the concept «bullying» the author's understanding of the term «bullying in general secondary education institutions» was formed. Aggression has been found to be common in many children, but it is due to a variety of internal and external causes. Purposeful actions of offenders occur through physical (beating, pushing, damaging things or clothes, limiting the chance to do something or go somewhere, etc.) or verbal actions (oppression, ridicule, mockery,accusation, etc.). The roles of bullying participants were described (offender, victim, witness) and the main features of this process in groups of students were identified (fear, cruelty, insults, scandals, disputes, etc.). The first signs of adolescent bullying are hostility, alienation, secrecy, and so on.The author generalizes the typology of aggression of offenders in primary and secondary school education. Three groups of children were identified for the demonstration of aggressive actions. It was determined that the group type of bullying can exist without the participants themselves being aware of their harmful actions. The author takes notice to one of the types of bullying – cyberbullying, the problem of which is becoming increasingly relevant. The active process of cyberbullying is associated with the dynamic development of digital technologies. Future teachers must learn to recognize and stop the manifestations of bullying, to prevent the emergence of new cases. Therefore, the author has developed recommendations for the implementation of preventive methods to prevent bullying by future teachers in general secondary education institutions during lessons, educational activities and different types of practical trainings.
PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS OF FORMING FUTURE TEACHERS’ READINESS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF CREATIVE POTENTIAL OF PRIMARY-SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Volyk Olena
Published: February 2022

The current innovations in the system of education demand the high level of readiness, abilities to changes, rapid adjustment, and adaptation to new educational conditions. The article reveals and analyzes basic pedagogical conditions of the primary school teachers’ training for the development of students’ creative potential. It was found out that the basic pedagogical conditions of the primary school teachers’ training for the development of students’ creative potential are providing motivation for teachers to develop students’ creative potential; purposeful filling of the content of primary school teachers' training with a creative component in order to improve professional teachers’ competence about the development of students’ creative potential; organization of educational and methodological support for teachers. The article proves that the structure of readiness of future primary school teachers to the development of students’ creative potential consists of components that are closely related, criteria and factors that make dynamic integrity and have level characteristics. The structure of readiness of future primary school teachers to the development of students’ creative potential includes motivational, procedural and resulting components. Substantiated by the author tools for evaluation of readiness of future primary school teachers to the development of students’ creative potential made it possible to understand the content and the relationship among the criteria (motivational and value, activity and creative, professional and evaluation), relevant indicators of the specified readiness (the formation of the teacher's internal motives for professional development and value orientations; the degree of creative solution of educational tasks and creative approach to pedagogical activity with primary school students; professional readiness for pedagogical activity and readiness for professional self-development).
The result of the primary school teachers’ training is readiness for the development of primary school students’ creative potential, the specifics of which are the motivation of future teachers to master the professional knowledge, skills and abilities to develop students' creative potential, mastering the necessary creative abilities and a high level of professional competence.
Comercio electrónico y la actitud frente a la evasión tributaria de las empresas, Provincia de San Martin, 2021
Authors: Cerón Villacorta Enrique , Tecocha Portocarrero Rosa Isabel , Soto Abanto Segundo Eloy , Villafuerte de la Cruz Avelino Sebastián
Published: February 2022

La investigación presentada busca determinar la relación del comercio electrónico en la evasión tributaria de las empresas de servicios de la provincia de San Martín, se consideró una investigación con enfoque cuantitativo, con un diseño no experimental y alcance correlacional, donde se utilizó como técnica la encuesta y el instrumento el cuestionario, para determinar el nivel de confiabilidad de la presente investigación se utilizó la estadística de alfa de Cronbach. Para la recolección de datos se consideró una muestra de 30 empresas de servicios usando criterios de inclusión y exclusión, los cuales permitieron conocer el comportamiento de las variables. Cuya información recolectada en el cuestionario los resultados fueron procesados mediante el programa SPSS donde se llevó a cabo el análisis y confiabilidad, entre la variable comercio electrónico y evasión tributaria, según la prueba de Rho de spearman del cual se obtuvo un resultado correlacional de 0.844. en la cual el resultado establece una relación fuerte y llegando a la conclusión que el comercio electrónico incide en la evasión tributaria de las empresas de servicios de la provincia de San Martín.
Auditoría financiera y su efecto en los estados financieros de la empresa Transportes Maenfer S.R.L., Chimbote-2021
Authors: Baca Escurra Vladimir , Marín Oliva Andreé Estuardo , Vallejos Tafur Juan Britman
Published: February 2022

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo general “determinar el efecto que tiene la auditoría financiera en los estados financieros de la empresa Transportes Maenfer S.R.L., Chimbote-2021”. Asimismo, esta investigación es de tipo aplicada, con un alcance de investigación descriptivo-correlacional y un diseño de investigación no experimental. La muestra estuvo conformada por cuatro (04) trabajadores del área contable, además de los estados financieros de la empresa: estado de situación financiera y estado de resultados integrales. Como técnicas se emplearon la encuesta y el análisis documental. En cuanto a los resultados, estos se obtuvieron a través de un análisis estadístico Tau-b de Kendall, el cual nos arrojó el p valor (0,005) y el grado de correlación (p= 0.800). Finalmente, se determinó que la auditoría financiera tiene efecto muy significativo en los estados financieros de la empresa Transportes Maenfer S.R.L., Chimbote-2021, pues el p valor (0,005) es menor al nivel de significancia del 5% y el grado de correlación (p= 0.800) nos indica que esta es muy significativa.
Desarrollo de un sistema de información web para evaluar proveedores de servicios de mantenimiento en una industria del ramo automotriz
Authors: Guerrero Posadas Martín , Silva y Rodríguez García Beatriz Eugenia , Valdez Martínez Ludy Magnolia , Martínez Rodríguez Myriam Araceli
Published: February 2022

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue desarrollar un sistema web para evaluar a los proveedores de servicios de mantenimiento de una manera eficaz y efectiva. En la primera parte de la investigación se llevó a cabo la especificación de requerimientos, para lo cual fue necesario diseñar y validar los instrumentos para evaluar a los proveedores, además, se elaboró el modelo de procesos del negocio y los diagramas de casos de uso. Para lo anterior se contó con la participaron de los gerentes de los departamentos involucrados, así como sus colaboradores. En la segunda parte correspondiente al desarrollo de la aplicación web fue necesario realizar: (a) la arquitectura del sistema, (b) el diagrama de clases, (c) el diseño de la base de datos y (d) la programación del sistema. Como resultado se obtuvo un sistema web confiable, eficaz, eficiente y objetivo para evaluar el desempeño de los proveedores de servicios de mantenimiento.
La equidad de género en la educación peruana
Authors: Acevedo Rojas Elba Sissi
Published: February 2022

Existe una agenda urgente como es la de incorporar en las políticas públicas nacionales el enfoque de género, con el objetivo de reducir o eliminar brechas de desigualdad entre hombres y mujeres en los diferentes ámbitos de desarrollo social, político, cultural, educativo; si bien el enfoque viene siendo discutido desde Jomtien en el año 1990, sin embargo, el Perú no cumplió con dicho acuerdo. En el año 2000 en Dakar, varios países incluido el Perú se sientan a la mesa y acuerdan incorporar la perspectiva de género en las políticas educativas, que se sustenta en el Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS 5); luego de aquel compromiso, la UNESCO realizó un diagnóstico respecto a la incorporación del acuerdo, que demostró que no se han cumplido en su totalidad con dicho compromiso. Además, de la falta de voluntad política se ha sumado una ideología religiosa que no acepta la incorporación de la perspectiva de género en la política educativa.
Challenges and mechanisms of teachers in the implementation of modular distance learning in the Philippines: a phenomenological study
Authors: Cabardo Jimmy Rey O. , Cabardo Cristy Jean O. , Cabardo-Mabida Sheila Jean O.
Published: February 2022

COVID-19 pandemic brought so many changes in the state of education after school’s temporary closure. Educational institutions transitioned to modular distance learning from the usual face-to-face teaching which put both teachers and students less prepared, if not totally unprepared. This qualitative phenomenological study explored the challenges and mechanisms of teachers in the implementation of modular distance learning in the Philippines amidst COVID-19 pandemic. Data were gathered through in-depth interview to twelve (12) teachers, six (6) were teaching in the elementary, and the other six (6) teaching in the secondary level. Recorded interviews were transcribed and analyzed using the following steps: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. Ethical issues were considered in the conduct of the study. Results revealed that the challenges of teachers in modular distance learning includes time-consuming, incomplete and unanswered modules, inadequate parental support, and insufficient trainings to teachers. The mechanisms utilized by teachers to overcome the challenges includes time management, regular communication to parents and students, reskilling and upskilling of teachers, and utilization of blended learning. With this, it is recommended that DepEd should continue to undertake monitoring and evaluation on the implemented modular distance learning to assess its quality and relevance on the current status of education in the country.
Enhancing grade 5 and 6 students’ outputs in MAPEH through the Google classroom
Authors: Manuel Jeremiah Paul G
Published: February 2022

This action research was conducted to determine if there is an improvement in the outputs submitted by Grade 5 and 6 pupils who were given modules to accomplish. Respondents of the study were the teachers from the levels above who collected module submissions during the school year 2020-2021. A descriptive design was utilized by the researcher to see if there was a significant change in the feedback of the teachers who received the modules both before and after the implementation of the intervention. The gathered data were analyzed and statistically treated using descriptive statistics. There were factors identified that contributed to the low levels of submissions. The pandemic and the quarantine restrictions caused the low submissions. Findings revealed that there was a significant difference in the output submissions before and after the implementation of the Google Classroom.
Procesos de cobranza y morosidad en una empresa de servicios de marketing
Authors: Pizzán-Tomanguillo Nieves del Pilar , García Delgado Erica Enid , Rosales Bardalez Carlos Daniel , Pizzán-Tomanguillo Sandra Lucero
Published: February 2022

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo general determinar la incidencia de los procesos de cobranzas en la morosidad de la empresa Digital San Martín S.A.C. de Tarapoto. El estudio ha presentado un diseño no experimental con corte transversal, nivel explicativo y para el análisis de datos se empleó el método hipotético-deductivo. En la evaluación de los procesos de cobranza desarrollados durante el 2020, se utilizaron como instrumentos la guía de entrevista y guía de análisis documental. Resultados: El 100% de acciones de los procesos de cobranza no son efectuadas eficiente ni oportunamente. Todo ello permitió evidenciar un 84% de morosidad y 39% de cobertura, ambos índices suscitados por el aumento del importe de las cuentas pendientes de pago representado por S/135006. Así también, la empresa cuenta con registros e información documentaria no actualizada; no muestra estrategias de cobro acorde con su realidad; carece de un monitoreo organizado y sistemático del importe total de la deuda pendiente de pago; presenta un deficiente desarrollo de las actividades de control de deudas, entre otros. Conclusión: los procesos de cobranza inciden negativamente en la morosidad de la empresa.
Evaluación de la informalidad y su relación con el crecimiento económico de los negocios del Mercado Central de Moyobamba 2021
Authors: Chaquila Cahuaza Shirley Joseli , Flores Tello Erika del Pilar , Vallejos Tafur Juan Britman
Published: February 2022

La presente investigación titulada “Evaluación de la informalidad y su relación con el crecimiento económico de los negocios del Mercado Central de Moyobamba 2021” tuvo como objetivo general Determinar la relación entre la informalidad y el crecimiento económico de los negocios del mercado Central de Moyobamba – 2021; optando por una investigación de tipo aplicada y de diseño No experimental y el nivel es descriptivo correlacional en la que se evaluó la relación entre las dos variables. La recolección de datos se obtuvo mediante el uso de la técnica de la encuesta, datos que fueron recolectados mediante una encuesta a los comerciantes del mercado central de Moyobamba, los cuales nos facilitó para el desarrollo de la presente investigación. La población está conformada por 846 comerciantes, y para determinar el tamaño de nuestra muestra se usó el tipo de muestreo estadístico en la cual se obtuvo 264 comerciantes del mercado Central de Moyobamba. En conclusión, podemos afirmar que la informalidad incide en el crecimiento económico de los negocios del mercado central de Moyobamba 2021, ya que al no estar formalizado un negocio pierde la oportunidad de aprovechar los beneficios que esta trae consigo.
How well do the CMIP6 models simulate dust aerosols?
Authors: Zhao Alcide , Ryder Claire L. , Wilcox Laura J.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Mineral dust impacts key processes in the Earth
system, including the radiation budget, clouds, and nutrient cycles. We
evaluate dust aerosols in 16 models participating in the sixth phase of the
Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) against multiple reanalyses
and observations. We note that both the reanalyses and observations used
here have their limitations and particularly that dust emission and
deposition in reanalyses are poorly constrained. Most models, and
particularly the multi-model ensemble mean (MEM), capture the spatial
patterns and seasonal cycles of global dust processes well. However, large
uncertainties and inter-model diversity are found. For example, global dust
emissions, primarily driven by model-simulated surface winds, vary by a
factor of 5 across models, while the MEM estimate is double the amount in
reanalyses. The ranges of CMIP6 model-simulated global dust emission,
deposition, burden, and optical depth (DOD) are larger than previous
generations of models. Models present considerable disagreement in dust
seasonal cycles over North China and North America. Here, DOD values are
overestimated by most CMIP6 models, with the MEM estimate 1.2–1.7 times
larger compared to satellite and reanalysis datasets. Such overestimates can reach up to a factor of 5 in individual models. Models also fail to
reproduce some key features of the regional dust distribution, such as dust
accumulation along the southern edge of the Himalayas. Overall, there are
still large uncertainties in CMIP6 models' simulated dust processes, which
feature inconsistent biases throughout the dust life cycle between models,
particularly in the relationship connecting dust mass to DOD. Our results
imply that modelled dust processes are becoming more uncertain as models
become more sophisticated. More detailed output and dust size-resolved
variables in particular, relating to the dust cycle in future
intercomparison projects, are needed to enable better constraints of global
dust cycles and enable the potential identification of
observationally constrained links between dust cycles and optical
properties.
Nutrient transport and transformation in macrotidal estuaries of the French Atlantic coast: a modeling approach using the Carbon-Generic Estuarine Model
Authors: Wei Xi , Garnier Josette , Thieu Vincent , Passy Paul , Le Gendre Romain , Billen Gilles , Akopian Maia , Laruelle Goulven Gildas
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Estuaries are key reactive ecosystems along the land–ocean aquatic continuum, with significant ecological and economic value. However, they have been facing strong morphological management changes and increased nutrient and contaminant inputs, possibly leading to ecological problems such as coastal eutrophication. Therefore, it is necessary to quantify the import and export fluxes of the estuaries, their retention capacity, and estuarine eutrophication potential. The 1-D Carbon-Generic Estuary Model (C-GEM) was used to simulate the transient hydrodynamics, transport, and biogeochemistry for estuaries with different sizes and morphologies along the French Atlantic coast during the period 2014–2016 using readily available geometric, hydraulic, and biogeochemical data. These simulations allowed us to evaluate the budgets of the main nutrients (phosphorus – P; nitrogen – N; silica – Si) and total organic carbon (TOC), and their imbalance, providing insights into their eutrophication potential. Cumulated average annual fluxes to the Atlantic coast from the seven estuaries studied were 9.6 kt P yr−1, 259 kt N yr−1, 304 kt Si yr−1, and 145 kt C yr−1. Retention rates
varied depending on the estuarine residence times, ranging from 0 %–27 % and 0 %–34 % to 2 %–39 % and 8 %–96 % for total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), dissolved silica (DSi), and TOC, respectively. Large-scale estuaries had higher retention rates than medium and small estuaries, which we interpreted in terms of estuarine residence times. As shown by the indicator of eutrophication potential (ICEP), there might be a risk of coastal eutrophication, i.e., the development of non-siliceous algae that is potentially harmful to the systems studied due to the excess TN over
DSi. This study also demonstrates the ability of our model to be applied
with a similar setup to several estuarine systems characterized by
different sizes, geometries, and riverine loads.
A global seamless 1 km resolution daily land surface temperature dataset (2003–2020)
Authors: Zhang Tao , Zhou Yuyu , Zhu Zhengyuan , Li Xiaoma , Asrar Ghassem R.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Land surface temperature (LST) is one of the most important and widely used parameters for studying land surface processes. Moderate Resolution
Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LST products (e.g., MOD11A1 and MYD11A1) can provide this information with moderate spatiotemporal resolution with
global coverage. However, the applications of these data are hampered because of missing values caused by factors such as cloud contamination,
indicating the necessity to produce a seamless global MODIS-like LST dataset, which is still not available. In this study, we used a spatiotemporal
gap-filling framework to generate a seamless global 1 km daily (mid-daytime and mid-nighttime) MODIS-like LST dataset from 2003 to 2020
based on standard MODIS LST products. The method includes two steps: (1) data pre-processing and (2) spatiotemporal fitting. In the data
pre-processing, we filtered pixels with low data quality and filled gaps using the observed LST at another three time points of the same day. In the
spatiotemporal fitting, first we fitted the temporal trend (overall mean) of observations based on the day of year (independent variable) in each
pixel using the smoothing spline function. Then we spatiotemporally interpolated residuals between observations and overall mean values for each
day. Finally, we estimated missing values of LST by adding the overall mean and interpolated residuals. The results show that the missing values in
the original MODIS LST were effectively and efficiently filled with reduced computational cost, and there is no obvious block effect caused by large
areas of missing values, especially near the boundary of tiles, which might exist in other seamless LST datasets. The cross-validation with
different missing rates at the global scale indicates that the gap-filled LST data have high accuracies with the average root mean squared error
(RMSE) of 1.88 and 1.33∘, respectively, for mid-daytime (13:30) and mid-nighttime (01:30). The seamless global daily (mid-daytime and
mid-nighttime) LST dataset at a 1 km spatial resolution is of great use in global studies of urban systems, climate research and modeling,
and terrestrial ecosystem studies. The data are available at Iowa State University's DataShare at https://doi.org/10.25380/iastate.c.5078492 (T. Zhang
et al., 2021).
STAR NDSI collection: A cloud-free MODIS NDSI dataset (2001–2020) for China
Authors: Jing Yinghong , Li Xinghua , Shen Huanfeng
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Snow dynamics are crucial in ecosystems, affecting radiation balance, hydrological cycles, biodiversity, and human activities. Snow areas with notably diverse characteristics are extensively distributed in China, mainly including Northern Xinjiang (XJ), Northeast China (NC), and Tibetan Plateau (TP). Spatio-temporal continuous snow monitoring is indispensable for ecosystem maintenance. Nevertheless, the formidable challenge of cloud obscuration severely impedes data collection. In the past decades, abundant binary snow cover area (SCA) maps have been retrieved from moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) datasets. However, the integrated normalized difference snow index (NDSI) maps containing additional details on snow cover extent are still extremely scarce. In this study, a recent 20-year stretch seamless MODIS NDSI collection in China is generated for the first time using a Spatio-Temporal Adaptive fusion method with erroR correction (STAR), which comprehensively considers spatial and temporal contextual information. Evaluation tests confirm that the gap-filled STAR NDSI collection is highly consistent with the Landsat NDSI dataset, with an average correlation coefficient of approximately 0.84. Consequently, this collection can serve as a basic dataset for hydrological and climatic modeling to explore various critical environmental issues. This collection is available from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5644386 (Jing et al., 2021).
Historical and Future Weather Data for Dynamic Building Simulations in Belgium using the MAR model: Typical & Extreme Meteorological Year and Heatwaves
Authors: Doutreloup Sebastien , Fettweis Xavier , Rahif Ramin , Elnagar Essam A. , Pourkiaei Mohsen S. , Amaripadath Deepak , Attia Shady
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Increasing temperature due to global warming will influence building, heating and cooling practices. Therefore this dataset aims to provide formatted and adapted meteorological data for specific users who work in building designing, architecture, building energy management systems, modeling renewable energy conversion systems, or other people interested in this kind of projected weather data. These meteorological data are produced from the regional climate MAR model simulations. This regional model adapted and validated over Belgium is forced firstly by the ERA5 reanalysis which represents the closest climate to reality, and secondly by 3 ESMs from the CMIP6 database, namely BCC-CSM2-MR, MPIESM.1.2, and MIROC6. The main advantage of using the MAR model is that the generated weather data have a high resolution and are spatially and temporally homogeneous. The generated weather data follow two protocols. On one hand, the Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) and eXtreme Meteorological Year (XMY) files are generated following the method proposed by the standard ISO15927-4, allowing the reconstruction of typical and extreme years while keeping a plausible variability of the meteorological data. On the other hand, the HeatWaves Event (HWE) meteorological data are generated according to the method proposed by Ouzeau et al. (2016) used to detect the heatwave events and to classify them according to three criteria of the heatwave (the most intense, the longest duration and the highest temperature). All generated weather data are freely available on the open-access repository Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5606983; (Doutreloup, S. and Fettweis X., 2021).
Optimal synthesis of four-bar linkages for path generation using the individual repairing method
Authors: Yao Xinyuan , Wang Xingdong , Sun Wei , Kong Jianyi , Lin Zhongkang
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Constraints are one of the main factors that hinder the optimal synthesis of linkages to obtain the global optimum. At present, the most commonly used constraint handling method is called the penalty function (PF) method, but this technique has proven to be inefficient and unreliable in path synthesis. In this paper, a novel and effective constraint handling method called the individual repairing (IR) method is developed for the optimization model of four-bar mechanisms for path synthesis. The function of the IR method is to check the conformity of each individual to the Grashof condition, the sequence condition, and the variable range condition after population initialization and each iteration as well as to repair all unreasonable individuals according to the corresponding repairing technique to make them all satisfy the constraint conditions. In other words, the new constraint handling method establishes a transformation method so that each infeasible point in the search space uniquely corresponds to a feasible point. Based on the IR method, the optimization of path synthesis can be effectively carried out. Finally, the validity and reliability of the new constraint handling method are verified using three examples.
Landslides caught on seismic networks and satellite radars
Authors: Manconi Andrea , Mondini Alessandro Cesare ,   the ALPARRAY Working Group
Published: February 2022

Abstract. We present a procedure to detect landslide events by analysing in sequence data acquired from regional broadband seismic networks and spaceborne radar imagery. The combined used of these techniques is meant to exploit their complementary elements and mitigate their limitations when used singularly. To test the method, we consider a series of six slope failures associated to the Piz Cengalo rock avalanche recently occurred in the Swiss Alps, a region where we can benefit from high spatial density and quality of seismic data, as well as from the high spatial and temporal resolution of the ESA Copernicus Sentinel-1 radar satellites. The operational implementation of the proposed approach, in combination with the future increase in availability of seismic and satellite data, can offer a new and efficient solution to build and/or expand landslide catalogues based on quantitative measurements, and thus help in hazard assessments and definition of early warning systems at regional scales.
Miniaturised visible and near-infrared spectrometers for assessing soil health indicators in mine site rehabilitation
Authors: Shen Zefang , Viscarra Rossel Raphael A. , D'Agui Haylee , Walden Lewis , Zhang Mingxi , Yiu Tsoek Man , Dixon Kingsley , Nevill Paul , Cross Adam , Matangulu Mohana , Hu Yang
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Mining can cause severe disturbances to the soil, which underpins the viability of terrestrial ecosystems. Post-mining rehabilitation relies on measuring soil properties that are critical soil health indicators. Soil visible–near-infrared (vis–NIR) spectroscopy is rapid, relatively accurate and cost-effective for estimating a range of soil properties. Recent advances in infrared detectors and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) have produced miniaturised, relatively inexpensive spectrometers. Here, we evaluate the spectra from four miniaturised visible and NIR spectrometers, some combinations and a full-range vis–NIR spectrometer to model 29 soil physical, chemical and biological properties used to assess soil health at mine sites. We collected soils from reference undisturbed native vegetation and topsoil stockpiles from seven mines in Western Australia. We evaluated the repeatability of the spectrometers and the accuracy of the spectroscopic models built with seven statistical and machine learning algorithms. The spectra from the visible spectrometer could estimate soil texture (sand, silt, and clay) more accurately than the NIR spectrometers. However, the spectra from the NIR spectrometers produced better estimates of soil chemical and biological properties. By combining the miniaturised visible and NIR spectrometers, we improved the accuracy of their soil property estimates, which were similar to those from the full-range spectrometer. The miniaturised spectrometers and combinations predicted 24 of the 29 soil properties with moderate or greater accuracy (Lin’s concordance correlation, pc ≥ 0.65). The repeatability of the NIR spectrometers was similar to that of the full-range, portable spectrometer. Our results show that the miniaturised NIR spectrometers can produce accurate predictions of soil properties comparable to the (orders of magnitude) more expensive full-range portable system, particularly when combined with a visible range spectrometer. Thus, there is potential to develop rapid, accurate, cost-effective diagnostic capacity to support mine site rehabilitation based on miniaturised spectrometers and deliver significant positive economic and environmental outcomes.
TEKNOLOJİ ÇAĞINDA AB VE TÜRK REKABET HUKUKU SİSTEMLERİNDE İLGİLİ PAZARIN BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: MERCANGÖZ Yakup Önder
Published: February 2022

Son yıllarda yaşanan dijitalleşmeye ve yeni teknolojilerin gelişmesine bağlı olarak artık piyasalar eskisinden daha farklı çalışmaktadır. Bu nedenle rekabet analizlerinin kilit noktası olan ilgili pazarın belirlenmesinin önemi de artmakta ve günümüz dijital çağına ayak uyduracak güncellemelere ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Rekabet analizlerinin başlangıç noktasını oluşturan pazar tanımı ve ilgili pazarın belirlenmesi dijital çağda ayrı bir öneme sahip hale gelmiştir. Çünkü geleneksel pazarlara kıyasla sadece ilgili ürün ve hizmet değil aynı zamanda ilgili teknoloji, yenilik ve Ar-Ge pazarlarının da çerçevesinin çizilmesi ve bu pazarlardaki rekabet analizlerinin yapılması gerekmektedir. Ayrıca ilgili ürün ve hizmet pazarlarının da çerçevesini çizmekte geleneksel yaklaşımlar yetersiz kalabilmektedir. Artan e-ticaret, çok taraflı pazarlar, ekositem sonucu oluşan kalkan etkisi, büyük verinin kullanımı, algoritma anlaşmaları, çapraz platform anlaşmaları, çift taraflı pazarların kendi iç dinamikleri dikkate alınarak ilgili pazar tanımı ve çerçevesinin çizimi gerçekleştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Nitekim AB Komisyonu küreselleşme ve dijitalleşmenin getirdiği yeniliklere ayak uydurmak için ilgili pazarın tanımlanmasına ilişkin rehberinde 2020 yılında kamuoyu araştırma başlatmış, istişare sonuçlarını açıklamış ve değerleme raporunu açıklamıştır. Benzer şekilde aynı yıl Türkiye de dijitalleşme ve rekabet politikaları raporunun hazırlığını başlatmıştır. Bu çalışmada AB ve Türk Rekabet Hukuku sistemlerine göre ilgili pazar tanımı açıklanmış ve son güncel gelişmeler verilmiştir.
Salmonella Carrier State in Ostriches and Epizootological Situation in Ararat Region
Authors: Sargsyan M.A. , Balasanyan H.S. , Tovmasyan G.R.
Published: February 2022

Salmonella carrier state of ostriches and epizootological conditions have been studied and identified for the first time in Ararat region of the Republic of Armenia.
As an endemic infectious disease, Salmonellosis has caused significant economic damage to ostrich farms. Bacteria carrying birds, caring, feeding and keeping conditions, as well as stressful situations are predisposing factors for the mentioned disease. According to the two-year epizootological investigations, under insecure conditions the indices of infection, death and lethality have made 0.2 (20 %), 0.10 (10 %), 0.53 (53 %) respectively, while the economic loss amounted to 640 000 AMD.
Knowledge of Sufism and the Symbolic Interpretation of Paradise Garden Design Concept
Authors: Muhammad Ahsan Bilal  , Sonia Nasir Khan
Published: February 2022

As human beings we stand on the edge of two truths: the existing material world and the Spiritual being world. The knowing heart is the holy place, where these two dimensions meets and combined. In Sufi lessons the mortal heart of human is not an imaginary symbol but an objective organ of perception and intuition that reflect transcendent qualities in the world, for the assistance and help of other people. The Sufis, mystics of Islam, have been mentors of the heart for almost fourteen centuries. Their education and techniques purpose is to stimulate us and help us to wake up and clean the self for Divine love. Sufism is the spiritual dimension of Islam. According to Sufism, there are two aspects of Islam: the outer part, which consists of the Shari‘ah (the rules of Islamic law), and the inner part, so-called tariqah (the spiritual way). Together, these aspects lead one to haqiqah (the Truth). Sufism is another term for tariqah. This paper is an attempt to understand Sufism knowledge (true knowledge) and how this knowledge is related in world and with ChaharBagh (Garden of Paradise) concept, “symbolic interpretation of paradise garden” which is used by the Muslims in architecture. Sufism explains us that it is possible to understand the world beyond our thoughts. Those who dedicate themselves in Sufim exercise and practices eventually discover the state they can see things as real and true as they are or when you worship God as though you can see him.
Study of Phenolic Compounds of Prunus Domestica Presscake and Antimicrobial Activity of Its Extract
Authors: Upyr Taras V. , Lenchyk Larysa V. , Komisarenko Mykola А. , Navruzzoda Ganjina F. , Komisarenko Andriy M. , Osolodchenko Tetiana P. , Ponomarenko Svitlana V.
Published: February 2022

Prunus domestica - is one of the main fruit crops in Ukraine with a production of about 200 tons per year. In the world over then 2000 varieties of this plant are grown. In Ukraine, the following varieties of plums are zoned: Anna Shpet, Renklod Altana, Ugorka Stanley, Ugorka Italian, Ugorka Azhanska, and others. This plant is the valuable source of polysaccharides and phenolic compounds. That is why plum fruits are a part of many dietary supplements with laxative and anti-inflammatory activity in treating chronic constipation.
In our previous research, we studied the chemical composition of alcohol extracts and polysaccharide complex of plum fruits. Following types of pharmacological activities: diuretic, membrane stabilizing, anticoagulant laxative, hepatoprotective, were confirmed in the analysed substances. In the article, we present the results of a study of the chemical composition of the plum presscake that remained after the plum juice was obtained. The composition of phenolic compounds was analyzed by using TLC, SF and HPLC methods. Antimicrobial activity of the alcohol extract of plum presscake was investigated by agar diffusion method. The results obtained indicate the possibility of complex processing of raw materials and obtaining new antimicrobial drugs from the presscake of plum juice production.
Interlayer Reinforcement in Shotcrete-3D-Printing
Authors: Freund Niklas , Lowke Dirk
Published: February 2022

Additive manufacturing with cement-based materials has recently become increasingly common on construction site. The high degree of freedom in individual geometric shapes, the associated potential for resource-efficient designs, and the high degree of automation could make this technology a milestone in the history of construction industry. Many of the existing manufacturing techniques are initially based on unreinforced concrete. However, for many structural elements, the use of reinforcement is indispensable and therefore the reinforcement integration represents a prerequisite. One promising reinforcement strategy is the use of interlayer reinforcement. This method specifically uses the layered characteristic of the additive manufacturing process by integrating reinforcement between the applied layers. In combination with an adaptive path planning, it is therefore possible to manufacture force-flow-compliant reinforced elements with a minimal increase in process complexity compared to an unreinforced production. However, besides the integration process itself, material-process interactions represent an important research topic. Especially for Shotcrete-3D-Printing, the use of accelerators can significantly change the structural build-up of the applied material and thus effect the bonding ability of the sprayed concrete to the integrated reinforcement element. The present study investigates the effect of accelerator dosage on the bond properties of integrated rebars. The resulting bond is analyzed non-destructively via computed tomography and mechanically by pull-out tests according to RILEM RC6. The results show that the material compaction caused by the sprayed application leads to excellent bond properties. However, by using high accelerator dosages, bond deteriorations can be observed.
Combining Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing and Selective Paste Intrusion for Additively Manu-factured Structural Concrete
Authors: Straßer Alexander , Weger Daniel , Matthäus Carla , Kränkel Thomas , Gehlen Christoph
Published: February 2022

The Selective Paste Intrusion (SPI) is an additive manufacturing method in which thin layers of aggregates are bond selectively by cement paste only where the structure shall arise. In this way, concrete elements with complex geometries and structures can be produced. To meet the optimum between required layer bonding and sufficient shape accuracy, the rheological properties of the cement paste, i.e., its yield stress and dynamic viscosity, are crucial [1, 2]. The combination of the SPI process and the Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) process enables the production of free-formed, high-strength reinforced concrete elements, which opens up a wide range of applications. However, the WAAM process generates high temperatures, which affect the rheological properties of the cement paste and thus the printing quality [3, 4]. Therefore, we analyzed the effect of external temperature loads on the rheological performance of cement paste over the entire SPI production period and derived a maximum acceptable temperature load for the combination of SPI and WAAM. The experiments showed decreasing viscosity and increasing yield stress values by stepwise increasing the paste temperature from 20 °C to 60 °C. Between 60 °C and 70 °C, the rheological behavior suddenly changed, and both viscosity and yield stress instantly increased to a multiple of their initial values. In a subsequent numerical simulation of the intrusion behavior of the paste in the particle bed, we could show that the high yield stress and viscosity lead to poor paste penetration and thus insufficient layer bonding, whereas paste temperatures up to 60 °C are not detrimental to the SPI process. Therefore, the results demonstrate that the combination of SPI and WAAM is possible if the WAAM process is adjusted by e.g. cooling strategies, increased distance of the welding point from the particle bed, or increased time intervals between the welding points to avoid paste temperatures exceeding 60 °C.
Magnetic Alignment of Microsteel Fibers as Strategy for Reinforcing UHPFRC
Authors: Ledderose Lukas , Baghdadi Abtin , Kloft Harald
Published: February 2022

The objective of this paper is to provide an insight into current basic research at ITE on the manufacturing process of resource-efficient components through the controlled, automated magnetic distribution and alignment of steel fibers in UHPFRC (Ultra-High Performance Fibre-Reinforced Concrete). The method for distributing and aligning steel fibers in UHPFRC is based on the physical phenomenon of magnetism. Since steel fibers are ferromagnetic, magnetic fields can selectively change their position in the fresh concrete and align them according to the force flow and the maxim "form follows force". The magnetic fiber alignment (MFA) process developed on this principle combines the capabilities of digital and automized component manufacturing with the potential of targeted fiber alignment to increase the material efficiency of UHPFRC. It is highlighted at four levels: UHPFRC

At the material level, studies were conducted on the composite properties of different brand-new and recycled microsteel fibers (MSF), formwork designs suitable for the MFA process were developed, flux densities of different magnets were simulated with special software solutions and measured in practice, and an end effector was fabricated that was implemented on 3- and 6-axis kinematics. At the process level, the interaction of the main parameters of the MFA process was evaluated by visual analysis on transparent glucose syrup-based solutions, and series of specimens were analyzed by micro-CT scans. At the component level, centric tensile tests were performed on a wide variation of dog-bones to provide an assessment of the potential increase in tensile performance of UHPFRC by the MFA process. At an economic and environmental evaluation level, the results from the tensile tests were used to assess and quantify the potential savings from reducing the fiber content and using recycled steel fibers.
No Reinforcement – Compression-Only Structures
Authors: Block Philippe
Published: February 2022

This talk presented Striatus, an arched, unreinforced masonry footbridge composed of 3D-printed concrete blocks assembled without mortar. Exhibited at the Giardini della Marinaressa during the Venice Architecture Biennale through November 2021, the 16x12-metre footbridge was the first of its kind, combining traditional techniques of master builders with advanced computational design, engineering and robotic manufacturing technologies. The name “Striatus” reflects its structural logic and fabrication process. Concrete was printed in layers orthogonal to the main structural forces to create a “striated” compression-only funicular structure that required no reinforcement.