bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The derepression of transposable elements in lung cells is associated with the inflammatory response and gene activation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Rostami Mahboubeh R , Bradic Martina
Published: January 2021

BackgroundTransposable elements (TEs) are repetitive sequences of viral origin that compose almost half of the human genome. These elements are tightly controlled within cells, and if activated, they can cause changes in both gene regulation and immune viral responses that have been associated with several chronic inflammatory diseases in humans. As oxidants are potent activators of TEs, and because oxidative injury is a major risk factor in relation to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), we hypothesized that TEs might be involved in the regulation of gene expression and so contribute to inflammation in cases of IPF. IPF is a fatal lung disease that involves the gradual replacement of the alveolar tissue with fibrotic scars as well as the accumulation of inflammatory cells in the lower respiratory tract. Although IPF is known to occur as a result of the complex interaction between age, environmental risk factors (i.e., oxidative stress) and genetics, the relative contributions of these factors to the disease remain unclear. To determine whether TEs are associated with IPF, we compared the transcriptional profiles of the genes and TEs of lung cells obtained from both healthy donors and IPF patients. ResultsWe quantified the TEs and gene expression levels using a published bulk RNA-seq dataset concerning 24 subjects (16 donors and eight IPF patients), including three lung-cell types per subject, as well as a scRNA-seq dataset concerning 16 subjects (eight donors and eight IPF patients). We found evidence of TE dysregulation in the alveolar type II lung cells and alveolar macrophages of the IPF patients. In addition, the activation of the LINE1 family of elements in IPF is associated with the increased expression of TE cellular regulators (MOV10, IFI16, SAMHD1, and APOBECG3), interferon-stimulating genes (ISG15, IFI6, IFI27, IFI44, and OAS1), chemokines (CX3CL1 and CXCL9), and interleukins (IL15RA). We also propose that TE derepression might be involved in the regulation of previously reported IPF candidate genes (MUC5B, CHL1, SPP1, and MMP7). ConclusionBased on our findings, we propose that TEs derepression play an important role in the regulation of gene expression and can also prompt both the recruitment of inflammatory processes and the disruption of the immunological balance, which can lead to chronic inflammation in IPF.
DEVELOPMENT OF BLIGHTY LEGISLATION TO ENSURE THE FUNCTIONING OF UKRAINE’S ECONOMIC SECURITY SYSTEM DURING THE INDEPENDENCE PERIOD
Authors: Melnik V.I.
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the development of national legislation on ensuring the functioning of the economic security system of Ukraine in the period of independence. Attention is drawn to the necessity and expediency of acquaintance and analysis of key normative legal acts of different legal force, which are directly or indirectly related to the economic component of national security. It emphasizes the need to identify the major historical events that have served as a prerequisite for building a national economic security system and those that, at appropriate times, have influenced its improvement. Political and economic factors have been determined, which made it expedient to adopt (approve) the basic acts for ensuring the state’s economic security system. The role of the Constitution of Ukraine is defined as the fundamental document that laid the legal basis for the development of the state’s economic security system. In the context of scientific research, particular attention is paid to the laws of Ukraine “On the basics of national security” and “On national security of Ukraine”, as the basic normative legal acts to ensure the system of economic security of the state at different times. Key backgrounds for each of them have been identified and their role in building and improving Ukraine’s economic security system has been improved. A number of acts, which were of significant importance for the development and systematic improvement of Ukraine’s national economic security system in the conditions of independence providing protection of the domestic economy and promoting its necessary development.
Keywords: ensuring the functioning of the economic security system of Ukraine, the economic security of Ukraine, development of legislation to ensure the functioning of the economic security system of Ukraine, the economic security system of Ukraine, subjects of ensuring the economic security system of Ukraine.
Graphics in Urban Design – Possibilities of Hand-Drawn Images and Computer Techniques
Authors: ŠTEFANCOVÁ Lucia , GÖRNER Karol , FURDÍK Daniel , CZAFÍK Michal
Published: January 2021

The paper deals with the issue of graphic representation in urban design as an artistic and technical field that is symbiotic to the field of architecture. The basic expression instrument of urban design (spatial planning) is the projection of 2D. The ability of an urban designer or urban planner to adequately present a design is, therefore, an element of the creative process that should be acquired during higher education. The aim of the research was to reveal the key parameters influencing the resulting effect of graphic processing of a masterplan drawing and a perspective drawing from a human perspective, as a typical urban expression element. The paper focuses more closely on examining the differences between hand based and computer graphic processing. A set of categories for a masterplan drawing and perspective views has been summarized for the purposes of research, which has been used to evaluate a sample of student works. The key research methods of data evaluation are comparison and correlation analysis. The results of the research summarize the advantages and the disadvantages of the hand based and computer graphic processing and the key graphic mistakes made in urban design students proposals.
Long-Term Effect of Different Particle Size Distributions of Waste Glass Powder on the Mechanical Properties of Concrete
Authors: OMER Brwa , SAEED Jalal
Published: January 2021

In this paper, a comprehensive experimental investigation was conducted into the effect of the particle size distributions (PSDs) and percentages of waste powdered glass as a partial replacement of cement on the long-term mechanical behavior of concrete produced at two different cement levels. For this purpose, two different mixtures of concrete were used as reference mixtures; the first has a relatively low cement content (331 kg/m3), and the second has a relatively high cement content (490 kg/m3). Two different PSDs of glass powder (GP) labeled GP-A and GP-B ((55 µm< GP-A < 135 µm) and (55 µm> GP-B) were used, and the considered GP content for the low cement content mixture (LCCM) and the high cement content mixture (HCCM) were (0%, 5%, and 10%) and (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) by weight of cement, respectively. The mechanical performance of all concrete mixtures at 180 days was investigated and evaluated in related tests as compressive strength and toughness, splitting and flexural tensile strength, elastic modulus, and compressive stress-strain behavior. The experimental results generally indicated that the compressive strength of GP-modified concrete improved significantly over the long-term age (180-days) compared to the early age (28-days). The contribution of PSDs of GP to enhancing the mechanical properties of concrete is insignificant compared to its replacement amount. Finally, independent of the PSDs, the incorporation of 10% GP for LCCM and 15% of GP for HCCM has a positive effect on the long-term mechanical properties of concrete, indicating that GP can be used as a replacement for cement.
Energy Efficiency – Ecological and Economic Profitability
Authors: HAWRYLAK Barbara
Published: January 2021

The aim of the paper is to draw attention to both the average annual savings in the costs of consumed fuels and energy, as well as the possibility of obtaining additional funds in the case of implementing projects aimed at improving energy efficiency. On the example of an implemented investment in a cement industry company, the achieved energy savings and obtained economic savings in the form of reduction of fuel and energy costs were analysed. Moreover, it was shown what additional support can be obtained in the form of energy efficiency certificates, the so-called “White certificates”, issued by the President of the Energy Regulatory Office, and the resulting property rights become an exchange commodity and are traded on Towarowa Giełda Energii SA. The purpose of this paper is to estimate how much money will be financed from the certificates.
Impact of Water Mist Extinguisher Construction on Parameters of Generated Drops
Authors: KAŹMIERAK Jan
Published: January 2021

The paper analyses the impact that the construction of water mist extinguishers exerts on the size of generated drops. The test was based on the examination of three extinguishers of two producers, which have been available in the market in recent years.

The test was carried out with the use of the IPS Drop Spectrum Analyzer (DSA). The device operates by using the photoelectric method to measure the parameters of the extinguishing stream microstructure. There were two measuring ranges: 0÷1 414 µm and 0÷2 658 µm.

The test results present mean diameters of the generated drops, aggregated curves representative of their share as well as the analysis of the quality of spraying the extinguishing medium. The tests have shown that two out of three tested extinguishers do not generate water mist with standard parameters at a distance of 170 cm. The smallest mean diameters of drops were generated by extinguisher B, whereas the biggest ones by extinguisher C The highest level of spraying among all samples was found for extinguisher B. It’s Sauter diameter mean amounted to 564.03 µm. Further, it was shown what impact the construction of water mist extinguishers exerts on the size of generated drops.
Autoconservación y trabajo desde la perspectiva edificante de Kierkegaard. Análisis de Lo que aprendemos de los lirios del campo y las aves del cielo (1847)
Authors: Uriel Rodríguez Pablo
Published: January 2021

El presente artículo discute los conceptos de «autoconservación» y «trabajo» en Lo que aprendemos de los lirios del campo y las aves del cielo. El análisis del discurso edificante escrito por Kierkegaard en 1847 permite definir la perspectiva que el danés asume ante el proyecto filosófico de la Modernidad. A partir de una crítica a las concepciones estéticas y éticas de la vida, el autor edificante propone un modelo de existencia religiosa que combina la autoconservación y la dependencia.
San Basilio, relato de Dios para la Iglesia
Authors: Solano Pinzón Orlando
Published: January 2021

El escrito busca argumentar la postulación de san Basilio como un relato de Dios para la Iglesia de todos los tiempos. Se recoge información de las obras del mismo personaje y de aquellos que compartieron con él, además, se apela a comentarios de especialistas que se destacan por el conocimiento del personaje y sus obras. La exposición aborda la experiencia familiar, algunos hechos significativos de su proceso formativo, su incursión en la vida monacal, su ejercicio pastoral como presbítero y obispo de Cesarea, y el carácter contextual de sus escritos.
PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA BERHITUNG PERKALIAN DENGAN METODE JARIMAJIG
Authors: Purwanti Kristi Liani
Published: January 2021

Pembelajaran matematika adalah proses pemberian pengalaman be- lajar kepada siswa melalui serangkaian kegiatan yang terencana sehingga siswa memperoleh kompetensi tentang bahan matematika yang dipelajari. Salah satu komponen yang menentukan ketercapaian kompetensi adalah penggunaan strategi pembelajaran, yang sesuai dengan (1) topik yang se- dang dibicarakan, (2)   tingkat perkembangan intelektual siswa, (3) prin- sip dan teori belajar, (4) keterlibatan aktif siswa, (5) keterkaitan dengan kehidupan siswa sehari-hari, dan (6) pengembangan dan pemahaman pe- nalaran matematis. Otak merupakan bagian sentral dari fungsi dasar vi- tal pada manusia. Otak kanan adalah otak yang berada disebelah kanan dalam posisi anatomis (frontal). Berhitung perkalian dengan otak kanan salah satunya adalah metode jarimagic dimana perantara untuk menghi- tung perkalian menggunakan jari-jari tangan. Kemampuan mengingat, menalar, dan merasakan perbedaan sikap atau perlakuan orang lain juga berkembang dengan pesat. Anak lebih sensitif, cerdas, dan aktif secara fisik mupun psikologis. Belajar matematika dengan otak kanan lebih menarik, sebab yang selalu digunakan selama ini dengan otak kiri saja. Jika ada ke- seimbangan antara otak kanan dan otak kiri pembelajaran menjadi luar biasa.
PENGEMBANGAN PEMAHAMAN AS-SUNNAH SEBAGAI SUMBER AJARAN ISLAM
Authors: Sutoyo Sutoyo
Published: January 2021

Abstract: The second source of Islamic Law is as-Sun¬nah, because the first one is al-Qur’an which is considered still global. The global one needs explaination and interpretation. The Existence of as-Sunnah is really required in order that the moslems are able to understand and to im¬ple¬ment wholistically. Although the existence of al-Sunnah in ulemas is debated, some agree while others disagree. Several ulemas even refu¬se al-Sunnah as the second Islamic Law Source (they don’t follow al-Sunnah) with several ar¬guments. However, majority, the ulemas accept and agree to place as-Sunnah as the second Islamic law source. From majority, ulemas agree to place as-Sunnah as the second Islamic Law Source is also different from the usage of it. Some use as-Sunnah wholistically and some use as-Sunnah which is evaluated valid. To under¬stand and to give the meaning of as-Sunnah for ulemas of Muḥadiṡīn and Uṣūliyin. It is also different. Ulemas of Muḥadiṡīn give the meaning of as-Sunnah and al-ḥadīṡ similar that which comes wholistically from the prophet as what he said, he did and the decision (taqrir) of the prophet before and after bi’tsah (to be assigned as the prophet). Whereas the ulemas of usuliyin differ al-Sunnah and al-hadis. According to them, if all of them comes from the prophet said, did, and taqrir. It is named as al-Sunnah, if it is what to be said only by the prophet or qauliyah, it is named as al-hadis. Kata kunci: as-Sunnah, al-Ḥadīṡ, al-Khabar, al-Aṡar
EPISTEMOLOGI TAFSIR AL-QURAN FARID ESACK
Authors: Abidin Ahmad Zainal
Published: January 2021

Abstract: Epistemologi cally speaking, Esack’s herme¬neu-tics is based on reception hermeneutics which is populer in the hand of Biblical hermenut, Fran¬cis Shcussler-Fiorenza. In this herme¬neutics, the truth of the holy books are seen in an eye of how far can the hermeneutics solve the actual human problems. This is wholly different from that of revelationist who put very huge burden on the discourse on God and how is He present and being involve in the world. Some other hermeneuts also contributed in a different level. In his hermeneutics, Esack put the three basic elements of hermeneutics namely the text-its author, inter-preters, and an on going interpreta¬tive activity itself. His basic assumption is a particular, contextual and practical inter¬pretation. In South Africa’s context, Esack tried to transform the context of oppression and dehumanization by apartheid into a critical interpretative model. This thought is based on a non prophetic human experience which is ba¬sically interpretative and socially-culturally contex¬tual. By this, it is impossible to sustain the existence of a static, universal, united and free-value interpretation. Reversally, this pursued a contextual-particular, temporal and “bias” interpretation. Abstrak: Pembicaraan secara epistemologis, hermeneutika Farid Esack berdasarkan pada hermeneutika resepsi yang populer di tangan ahli hermeneutika Biblikal, Francis Shcussler-Fiorenza. Dalam hermeneutika ini, kebenaran dari kitab-kitab suci dilihat dari sebuah pandangan sejauh mana bisa hermeneutika memecahkan persoalan-persoalan manusia aktual. Secara keseluruhan ini berbeda dari pewahyu yang meletakkan sangat besar dalam wacana tentang Tuhan dan bagaimana Dia menghadirkan dan terlibat di dunia ini. Beberapa hermeneutika yang lain juga berkontribusi pada level yang berbeda. Dalam hermeneutikanya, Esack me¬nempat¬kan tiga unsur dasar hermeneutika, yaitu pengarang teks itu sendiri, penafsir, dan berlanjut pada aktivitas interpretatif sendiri. Asumsi dasarnya adalah partikular, kontekstual dan interpretasi praktis. Dalam konteks Afrika Selatan, Esack mencoba mentransformasi konteks penindasan dan dehumanisasi oleh apartheid [politik pemisahan pen¬duduk yang bukan berkulit putih di Republik Afrika Selatan] ke dalam sebuah model interpretatif kritis. Pemikiran ini berdasarkan pada pengalaman manusia yang non profetik yang pada dasarnya merupakan konteks interpretatif dan kontekstual secara sosio-kultural. Melalui ini memungkinkan untuk mempertahankan eksistensi statik, universal, keutuhan, dan interpretasi bebas nilai. Sebaliknya, ini berlanjut ke sebuah konteks-partikular, interpretasi “bias” dan temporal. Keywords: Reception hermeneutics, Present Context, Contex-tual-practical Interpretation
INTEGRASI HERMENEUTIKA DAN TAFSIR Pembaharuan Metodologi Tafsir
Authors: Hamdani Muhammad Faisal
Published: January 2021

Abstract: Renewal of interpretation method require to continue remember to the number of novelty which emerge and not yet been met in a period of the Messenger of God (Rasūl Allāh), friend of ṡe Messenger, and the next generation. Beside, growth of science obliging ṡe understanding of al-Quran also use the sciences utilize to open contents exist in depth so that problems which not yet been “read” in that Holy Book texts can comprehend by people in this time. One other require to be considered is to take things which either from method of hermeneutic to be integrated with interpretation method, though part of it refuse with reason of feebler visible. This article will elaborate integration of hermeneutic with interpretation and some assumed the example more relevant for context nowadays and can be made by alternative interpret choice. Abstrak: Pembaharuan metode tafsir perlu terus dilakukan mengingat banyaknya hal-hal baru yang muncul dan belum ditemui di masa Rasul, sahabat dan generasi berikutnya. Di samping itu, perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan yang mengharuskan pemahaman al-Quran juga menggunakan ilmu-ilmu tersebut guna menguak kandungan-kandungan yang ada di dalamnya sehingga persoalan-persoalan yang belum “terbaca” dalam teks-teks Kitab Suci itu bisa dipahami oleh umat saat ini. Salah satu yang perlu dipertimbangkan adalah mengambil hal-hal yang baik dari metode hermeneutika untuk diintegrasikan pada metode tafsir, meskipun sebagiannya menolak dengan alasan yang tampak lebih lemah. Tulisan ini akan menguraikan integrasi hermeneutika dengan tafsir dan beberapa contohnya yang dianggap lebih relevan untuk kontek kekinian dan dapat dijadikan alternatif tafsir pilihan. Kata-kata Kunci: Integrasi, Tajdīd, Hermeneutik, Tafsir, al-Żikr, dan ta’wīl.
KONTRIBUSI SINTESIS TASAWUF-TEOSOFIS AL-GHAZĀLĪ TERHADAP KONSTRUKSI TASAWUF SUNNI
Authors: Aswadi Aswadi
Published: January 2021

Abstract: Sufism of al-Ghazālī patterned the osophist, an integration between the theological and philosophical Sufism. The dominance pattern of the osophical Sufism of al-Ghazālī emphasizes the mystical experience is spread through philosophical reasoning. The his study method departed from the truth of faith and test it through mystical experience method. The peak of his Sufism leads to various dimensions, and then described through the frame work of rational thinking. According to al-Ghazālī, the essential Ma'rifat to be obtained through inspiration or nūr who Allah enter into the hearts of people to recognize the nature of God and all His creation. The knowledge is obtained from ma'rifat more true than the knowledge is acquired by the reason. Abstrak: Tasawuf al-Ghazālī bercorak teosofis, merupakan integrasi antara tasawuf teologis dan filosofis. Dominasi corak tasawuf teosofisal-Ghazālī lebih mengedepankan pengalaman sufistik yang dibentangkan melalui penalaran filosofis. Metode kajiannya berangkat dari kebenaran iman dan mengujinya melalui metode pengalaman sufistik. Puncak tasawufnya bermuara pada tataran ma’rifat dengan berbagai dimensinya, kemudian diuraikan melalui kerangka berpikir rasional. Ma’rifat yang hakiki menurut al-Ghazālī diperoleh melalui ilham atau nūr yang dicampakkan Allah ke dalam qalb manusia untuk mengenali hakikat Allah dan segala ciptaan-Nya. Ilmu yang diperoleh dari ma’rifat lebih benar daripada ilmu yang diperoleh melalui akal. Keywords: ma’rifat, qalb, teosofis, filosofis, gnostik.
FILSAFAT PERENIAL SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF METODE RESOLUSI KONFLIK AGAMA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Baharudin M
Published: January 2021

Abstract: The article aims to offer the perennial philosophy can be used as an alternative method of resolving a conflict of religion in Indonesia. For this purpose the perennial philosophy offers several approaches were: a.) Offering a dialogue method, perennial philosophy offers a method of inter-religious dialogue, the method of phenomenology (phenomenology of religion). This method is a way of understanding the appreciative attitude without the attitude of conquest and accused infidels other faiths. This method avoids the external attitude that considers religion of others is definitely wrong and only the one true religion. Then the ethics of dialogue is not intended to interfere in the affairs and other religious teachings, nor to make others fall into his faith, but to deepen their own faith traditioncritically. b.) the inevitability of their commitment to religious plurality. Perennial philosophy in the context of religious plurality believes that inview of this religious plurality perennial philosophy seeks to find common plat forms or common vision in tracing the chain of the historicity of religious growth, searching for the essence of the plurality exotericesoteric in each of the religions. Perennial philosophy in view of religious pluralism believe that every religionis derived from the same source, namely from the Absolute, the truth comes from the One. Abstrak: Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menawarkan filsafat perennial dapat dijadikan sebagai alternatif metode resolusi koflik agama di Indonesia. Untuk maksud tersebut filsafat perennial menawarkan beberapa pendekatan antara lain yaitu: a.)Menawarkan metode dialog, filsafat perennial menawarkan suatu metode dialog antar umat beragama, yaitu metode fenomenologi (fenomenologi agama). Metode ini merupakan cara memahami dengan sikap apresiatif tanpa sikap pe-naklukan dan pengkafiran penganut agama lain. Metode ini menghindari sikap eksternal yang menganggap agama orang lain pasti salah dan hanya agamanyalah yang benar. Maka secara etik dialog tidak dimaksudkan untuk mencampuri urusan dan ajaran agama lain, juga tidak untuk menjadikan orang lain masuk dalam keyakinan yang dianutnya melainkan untuk memperdalam tradisi agama sendiri-sendiri secara kritis.b.)Komitmen keniscayaan adanya pluralitas dalam agama. Filsafat perennial dalam konteks pluralitas agama meyakini bahwa dalam melihat pluralitas agama ini filsafat perennial berusaha mencari titik temu (Common Platfom atau Common Vision) dalam menelusuri matarantai historisitas tentang pertumbuhan agama, mencari esensi esoteris dari pluralitas eksoteris pada masing-masing pada agama yang ada. Filsafat perennial dalam melihat pluralism agama meyakini bahwa setiap agama berasal dari sumber yang sama yaitu dari Yang Mutlak, kebenaran berasal dari Yang Satu. Keywords: Filsafat Perennial, Resolusi Konflik, Indonesia, dialog, pluralitas.
FILSAFAT CINTA MUHAMMAD IQBAL
Authors: Suprapto Rohmat
Published: January 2021

Abstract: In the academic world, Iqbal is known as a poet, philosopher, sufism, historian, and politician. The professions which he elaborated could reach the peak levels in their respective fields of life. In addition to his character, the concept he introduced and the reflection of his life were not only a synergy with Islamic law that derived from the Qur'an and As Sunnah, but also indeed both codices that leads his way of life. Due to these facts, he was dubbed as greatest Mujaddid in 20-th century.One of the concepts that makes him well recognized is the concept of love as expressed in a series of poems and was described as' ishq. 'Ishq is given from birth as God's grace by which will be cultivated and tested during the life to encounter all forms of humanity impairment leading to the perfection of life with the title 'the perfect Man’. Inside there is a blend of love and sense of intellect, love and reason, vision and power that are manifested in acts of prayer and work of scientists, and crystallized in the life of mysticism and scientism. Abstrak:Dalam dunia akademik, Iqbal dikenal sebagai penyair, filosof, sufisme, sejarawan, dan politikus. Profesionalisme yang ia tekuni mencapai tingkat puncaknya di atas masing-masing bidang kehidupan ini, di samping karakternya, baik level konseptual maupun refleksi hidupnya, bukan hanya sinergi dengan syariat Islam yang bersumber kepada Al-Quran dan sunnah Rasululillah, melainkan memang kedua naskah kuno itulah yang menuntun jalan hidupnya.Pantas kalau ia digelari mujaddidterbesar di abad 20.Satu diantara konsep yang menjadikan ia memperoleh nama besar adalah konsepnya tentang cinta yang diungkap dalam rangkaian puisi dan ia sebutnya sebagai ‘isyq. ‘Isyq diperoleh sebagai bawaan lahir dari rahmat Tuhan yang dengannya dipupuk dan diuji dalam medan kehidupan sambil menepis segala bentuk pelemahkan kemanusian menuju ke-sempurna-an hidup dengan predikat ‘the perfect Man’. Di dalamnya berpadu antara cinta dan akal intelek, love and reson, vision and power yang diwujudkan dalam tindak shalat dan kerja ilmuwan, dan mengkrital dalam kehidupan mistisime syar’i Keywords: cinta, intelek, the Perfect Man, khalīfah Allāh, waḥdah al-wujūd.
REKONSTRUKSI TEOLOGI ISLAM KAJIAN KRITIS TERHADAP USAHA PEMBAHARUAN MENUJU TEOLOGI PRAKTIS
Authors: Syukur Suparman
Published: January 2021

Abstract: The terminology of various theology concepts is very basic in human life, especially when man realizes that he is a creature that have duty to submissive and obedient to God as his creator. Talking about the relationship between man and God will, so other beliefs to the prophets, angles, and another creatures should be aroused, We must prove everything of ours believing in the real life. Therefore, the study of theological view, also be associated with the functions and obligations of human beings responsible in this life. There are various concepts of belief in God, the Prophets, Angels, and another creatures, is how to become an habit over the years, it becomes very important to be revitalized in a more meaningful understanding of the¬ dynamics of human daily life. Through that theological beliefs, expected to reflect the improvement of human performance and dedication in order to carry out the mandate as earth’s caliph. Abstrak: Terminologi tentang teologi dengan berbagai kosep dan teorinya merupakan hal yang sangat mendasar dalam kehidupan manusia, apalagi ketika menusia me-nyadari bahwa dirinya sebagai makhluk memiliki kuajiban untuk tunduk dan patuh kepada penciptanya Tuhan Yang Maha Esa. Berbicara masalah hubungan antara manusia dan Tuhan akan me¬refleksikan kepercayaan lain yang wajib muncul adanya, seperti kepercayaan kepada Nabi, Malaikat dan kepercayaan kepada makhluk halus lainnya. Keper¬cayaan kepada semuanya itu harus di¬buktikan secara nyata dalam kehidupan keseharian manusia. Oleh karena itu dalam penelitian tentang pemikiran teologi, juga harus dikaitkan dengan fungsi dan kwajiban manusia yang bertanggungjawab dalam ke¬hidupan di dunia ini. Berbagai konsep tentang ke¬percayaan kepada Tuhan, Nabi, Malakat dan lain sebagainya yang bersifat transendental sebagai-mana menjadi kebiasaan selama ini, menjadi sangat penting untuk direvitalisasikan dalam pemahaman yang lebih bermakna demi kepentingan di dunia dalam dinamika keseharian manusia. Melalui pembumian keyakinan teologis itu, diharapkan mampu merefleksikan kepada pe¬n-ingkatan kinerja dan dedikasi manusia dalam rang¬ka mengemban amanat ke¬khalifah¬annya di bumi ini. Keywords: ilmu kalam, khalīfah, al-yasar al-Islāmī, teologi praktis, revitalisasi Turaṡ.
TEOLOGI MU’TAZILAH: Sebuah Upaya Revitalisasi
Authors: Safii Safii
Published: January 2021

This article elaborates an important role in the history of Mu'tazila theology in the Islamic World. Services that have been provided by this school seems to be forgotten by the Muslims, even it became despised and persecuted theology. In fact, this theology has made a large contribution in defending against attacks originating from the Jews, Christians, Zoroastrians, and Materialist. In the modern context, the spirit of this theology is relevant to be recalled that the freedom of thought as an integral part of the human being can grow and develop so that science and technology in the Islamic world can grow back. It must be recognized that this is indeed the flow had already given a negative image by traditional Islamic theology and hadith experts. Theology is imaged as a carrier of heresy
KATA “ALLAH” DALAM AL-QURAN DAN ALKITAB Kajian Terhadap Pelarangan Menggunakan Kata “Allah” Bagi Selain Muslim
Authors: Arifin Zainal
Published: January 2021

Abstract: This study appears due MUIS Malaysia ban the use of the word "Allah" for the citizens is not Islam. This study examined for the purposes of the establishment of religious tolerance based on the understanding of religion. This paper seeks to explain that the word "Allah" contained in the Qur'an and the Bible, by limiting the study of the Qur’an and the Bible, to formulate the concept of "Allah" who became God for Muslims. This study found that the word "Allah" though not derived from Arabic, he eventually became part of the Arabic language of the Koran. He also became the name of God for Muslims. Furthermore, the authors found that in addition to Muslims, Christians and Jews may use the word "Allah" to indicate their God. When a Christian used to indicate the name of Jesus, it is also allowed as a form of tolerance. As the infidels Quraish mention sculpture as a means of worshiping God. Abstrak: Kajian ini muncul akibat pelarangan MUIS Malaysia dalam penggunaan kata "Allah" bagi warga bukan Islam. Kajian ini dikaji untuk keperluan tegaknya toleransi beragama berdasarkan pe¬mahaman agama. Tulisan ini berupaya menjelaskan bahwa kata "Allah" tertuang dalam Al-Quran dan Alkitab, dengan membatasi telaah pada Al-Quran dan Alkitab, merumuskan konsep "Allah" yang menjadi Tuhan bagi Muslim. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kata "Allah" walau bukan berasal dari bahasa Arab, ia akhirnya menjadi bagian dari bahasa Quran yang Arab. Ia juga menjadi nama Tuhan bagi umat Islam. Lebih jauh lagi, penulis menemukan bahwa selain Muslim, umat Nasrani dan Yahudi boleh menggunakan kata "Allah" untuk me-nunjukkan Tuhan mereka. Bila seorang Kristiani meng-gunakannya untuk menunjuk¬kan nama Yesus, itu juga dibolehkan sebagai wujud toleransi. Sebagaimana kaum kafir Quraisy me¬nyebutkan patung sebagai sarana me-nyembah Allah. Keywords: Allah, Al-Quran, Alkitab, God, Islam, Kristen.
EPISTEMOLOGI AL-QURAN DALAM MEMBANGUN SAINS ISLAM
Authors: Mishbahuddin Iing
Published: January 2021

Abstract: This article aims to elaborate on the Quran as the basis of Islamic epistemology in building science. The concept of science in the Quran, from the point of view of philosophy. Framework used to analyze this theme is the philosophical framework. In the paradigm of philosophy, science concepts can be classified in three dimensions; the first, an epistemological dimension, namely the study of philosophy from the aspect of how to acquire knowledge. Part of this philosophy is called the theory of knowledge, namely methodology to gain knowledge or science, or how to obtain a true knowledge; second, the ontological dimension, namely the branch of philosophy that discusses the object of study of science, or the nature of the study of science; and the third, axiological dimension, namely the branch of philosophy that discusses the purpose and use value and the value of the benefits of science. Part of this philosophy better known as the theory of value. And what about his role in building the Islamic sciences in Islamic universities in particular and in the Islamic world in general. Abstrak: Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengelaborasi al-Quran sebagai landasan epistemologi dalam membangun sains Islam. Konsep ilmu dalam al-Quran, ditinjau dari sudut pandang filsafat. Kerangka yang dipakai untuk menganalisis tema ini adalah kerangka pemikiran filsafat. Dalam paradigma filsafat, konsep ilmu dapat diklasifikasi dalam tiga dimensi; pertama, dimensi epistemologis, yakni kajian filsafat dari aspek bagaimana cara memperoleh ilmu pengetahuan. Bagian filsafat ini disebut teori ilmu pengetahuan, yaitu metodologi untuk mendapatkan ilmu pengetahuan, atau cara mendapatkan pengetahuan yang benar; kedua, dimensi ontologis, yakni cabang filsafat yang membahas tentang objek kajian ilmu pengetahuan, atau hakikat segala yang menjadi kajian ilmu; dan ketiga, dimensi aksiologis, yakni cabang filsafat yang mem-bahas tentang tujuan dan nilai guna serta nilai manfaat ilmu pengetahuan. Bagian filsafat ini lebih dikenal dengan teori nilai. Dan bagaimana peranannya dalam membangun sains Islam di perguruan tinggi Islam khususnya dan di dunia Islam pada umumnya. Keywords: al-Quran, ayat al-matluwah, ayat al-majluwah, al-‘ilm, al-ḥikmah, dan al-ma‘rifah.
BENDA ASTRONOMI DALAM AL-QURAN DARI PERSPEKTIF SAINS
Authors: Hasan Muhammad
Published: January 2021

Abstract: The objects in the sky in an astronomical perspective is very much the type and amount, but in the perspective of The Quran consists only of the sun, moon, and stars. The Quran gives cues and clues about the movement of the heavenly bodies. Sky objects in the perspective of the Koran already set his destiny, and had been subdued, so consistently and definitely outstanding. According to The Quran cue each celestial bodies, circulation and no silent, including the sun are also outstanding. In the circulation of the month, has its own characteristics, because only months in circulation set manzilah-manzilah, so the moon when seen from Earth show different form, sometimes the perfect (full moon), and sometimes show an imperfect form. Thus, it can be well known, when the month of the date of 1,2,3, and so on, so that people can practice their religion is based on the moon trip. Abstrak: Benda-benda di langit dalam perspektif astronomi sangat banyak jenis dan jumlahnya, namun dalam perspektif al-Quran hanya terdiri dari matahari, bulan, dan bintang. Al-Quran memberikan isyarat dan petunjuk mengenai pergerakan benda-benda langit tersebut. Benda-benda langit dalam perspektif al-Quran sudah ditetapkan takdir-Nya, dan telah ditundukkan, sehingga beredar secara konsisten dan pasti. Menurut isyarat al-Quran masing-masing benda langit, beredar dan tidak ada yang diam, termasuk matahari juga beredar. Dalam peredaran bulan, memiliki ciri tersendiri, karena hanya bulan yang dalam peredarannya ditetapkan manzilah-manzilah, sehingga bulan ketika dilihat dari bumi menunjukkan wujud yang berbeda-beda, kadang sempurna (bulan purnama), dan terkadang menunjuk-kan wujud yang tidak sempurna. Dengan demikian, dapat dikenal dengan baik, kapan bulan tanggal 1,2,3, dan seterusnya, sehingga manusia dapat melaksanakan ibadah berdasarkan perjalanan bulan tersebut. Keywords: matahari, bulan, bintang, al-Quran, astronomi
Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci ve Veri Önişleme Yoluyla Türkiye’nin Güç Sistemi Portföyünün Planlanması
Authors: FİDAN Üzeyir , ATAK Mehmet
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışmada amaç, enerji konusunda dışa bağımlı bir ülke olan Türkiye’nin 2020-2039 yılları arasında ihtiyaç duyacağı elektrik enerjisini karşılayabilecek bir yatırım planı sunmaktır. Elektrik enerjisi üretimi için stratejik yatırım planı sürdürülebilir arz güvenliğinin sağlanması açısından kritik öneme sahiptir. Yatırım planının oluşturulması aşamasında çok kriterli karar verme yöntemlerinden Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci (AHS) kullanılmıştır. Model oluşturulurken uygulanan bir dizi veri önişleme tekniği sayesinde AHS’nin öznellik yaklaşımı büyük ölçüde ortadan kaldırılarak görece daha nesnel sonuçların elde edilmesi sağlanmıştır. Çalışmaya özgünlük kazandıracak şekilde kullanılan veri önişleme teknikleri ve AHS yöntemiyle Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanlığı’nın (ETKB) stratejik hedefleri doğrultusunda bir portföy senaryosu ortaya konmuştur. Araştırma elde edilen portföy senaryosuyla ETKB’nin hedeflerini destekleyecek nitelikte bulgular ortaya koymaktadır. Buna göre, artan ihtiyacı karşılarken kullanılan enerji kaynaklarına göre elektrik üretiminde kömürün %10,6, doğal gazın %3, hidroelektrik kullanımının ise %4,3 azalacağı, rüzgârın %1,68, güneşin %4,34 ve jeotermal kullanımının da %2,98 artacağı öngörülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, yapılan planlama dışa bağımlılık oranını, fosil yakıt kullanım oranını ve emisyon değerlerini düşürürken, yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının kullanımını, istihdam potansiyelini ve arz güvenliğini arttırmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın sonuçları ETKB’nin 20 yıllık stratejik planında yer alan hedeflerin tutarlı olduğunu göstermesi açısından büyük önem arz etmektedir.
Statistical criteria for the limits of application of Hooke’s law
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Orekhov Andrey V.
Published: January 2021

Modern methods for studying the stress-strain state of solids use graphical methods based on a stress-strain curve to determine the transition from elastic deformation to plastic deformation. However, this approach is not formal and it is intended only for when stress is a function of strain in the one-dimensional case. Cases, when strain is a function of the stress, are also of practical importance. The purpose of the study is to develop formal rules for determining the limits of applicability of Hooke’s law. The proposed analytical methods for determining the transition from elastic deformation to plastic deformation are based on consistent statistical sequential. In this article, quadratic forms are derived for calculating the point at which the type of an increasing monotonous numerical sequence changes from linear to non-linear type. With the help of these quadratic forms, statistical criteria (approximation-estimation tests) are constructed to determine the limits of applicability for Hooke’s law. These boundaries are defined as Markov moments. The novelty of the results shows that it is possible to determine the yield point without visualizing the experimental data. The numerical example of the application of a parabolic approximationestimation test is provided. From the results of this experiment, it can be concluded that the analytical determination of the limits of applicability of Hooke’s law coincides with a visual assessment. Approximation-estimation tests provide an opportunity to determine the limits of applicability of Hooke’s law analytically.
Climate change and hydrological risk in the Pacific: a Humanitarian Engineering perspective
Authors: Johnson Fiona , Higgins Philippa , Stephens Clare
Published: January 2021

Pacific Island communities have adapted to floods, droughts and cyclones over many generations. Small and low-lying islands are particularly exposed to natural disasters, and many countries have limited access to water resources. Anthropogenic climate change is expected to further increase these environmental pressures. Any associated engineering response needs to consider the cultural, societal and historical context, and prioritise the agency of local communities to determine their preferred outcomes. It follows that Humanitarian Engineering, a discipline centred around strengths-based and context-appropriate solutions, has an important role to play in climate change adaptation. In this review, the interplay between hydroclimatology, geography and water security in the Pacific Islands is described and projected climate shifts summarised to highlight future adaptation challenges. A key source of uncertainty relates to the dynamics of two convergence zones that largely drive weather patterns. A broad overview of societal factors that present challenges and opportunities for Humanitarian Engineers is given. Finally, actions are recommended to inform climate change adaptation given the scientific uncertainty around hydrologic risks, and outline lessons for best practice Humanitarian Engineering in the Pacific. Enhancing data sharing, building resilience to climate variability and integrating traditional knowledge with convention engineering methods should be key areas of focus.
Spatial and temporal variation of water quality in a watershed in center-west Paraná, Brazil
Authors: Bedim Godoy Rodrigo Felipe , Crisiogiovanni Enzo Luigi , Trevisan Elias , Dias Radomski Fernando Aparecido
Published: January 2021

Water quality monitoring is an essential strategy for water resources management. Physicochemical and microbiological parameters play an important role in the characterization of water quality. They are helpful tools for the identification of pollution in aquatic ecosystems, being natural sources or because of anthropogenic actions, and contribute to making decisions as well as sustainable development in a hydrographic basin. This study analyzed the water quality variation over a period of 20 years in Piquiri River watershed. Total phosphorus (TP) concentration from affluent rivers was estimated using a linear regression model. The relationship between total nitrogen and TP presented a Person's linear correlation of 0.80, while turbidity and total suspended solids presented a correlation of 0.79. The relationship between the predicted and observed values for turbidity and TP presented r² higher than 0.60. Spatial–temporal variation of water quality in Piquiri River watershed has shown good quality over the years, although unacceptable values for Escherichia coli, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand and total phosphorus levels appeared. Most unacceptable values were identified in affluent rivers, suggesting the improvement in the water quality closer to downstream of the Piquiri River. Water quality index also showed good quality water for all stations.
S. mutans Serotype c, C. albicans, Oral Hygiene, and Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth in Early Childhood Caries
Authors: Rahmah Nurul , Bachtiar Boy M. , Gultom Ferry P. , Soejoedono Retno D. , Bachtiar Endang W.
Published: January 2021

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to determine the quantity of Streptococcus mutans serotype c and Candida albicans antigens from dental plaque and their relationship with the Oral Hygiene Index Score (OHI-S) and Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) in Early Childhood Caries (ECC) and Severe Early Childhood Caries (S-ECC).

Materials and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study, including 5 ECC and 32 S-ECC subjects. ECC was classified as a DMFT score < 4, and S-ECC was classified as a DMFT score ≥ 4 at 71 months of age. S. mutans serotype c and C. albicans antigens from dental plaque of ECC and S-ECC patients were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The optical density ​​of S. mutans serotype c and C. albicans antigens was determined at 450 nm. Correlations between S. mutans serotype c and C. albicans antigens and OHI-S in ECC and S-ECC were analyzed.

Results:

There were no significant differences in S. mutans serotype c and C. albicans antigens between ECC and S-ECC patients or between patients with moderate and good OHI-S scores. There was a negative correlation between S. mutans serotype c and C. albicans antigens in ECC patients (r = -0,62; p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The increase in C. albicans suppresses S. mutans serotype c growth in ECC but not in S-ECC. The findings of this study could be used to discover the molecular mechanisms involved in bacterial-fungal relationships and the contribution of new technologies to reduce ECC.
Top 100 Cited Articles on Peritoneal Dialysis: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Lee Yoo Jin , Park Bong Soo , Park Jin Han , Park Kang Min , Kim Il Hwan , Ko Junghae , Park Sihyung , Kim Yang Wook
Published: January 2021

Background:

The purpose of this study is to broaden the understanding of peritoneal dialysis by presenting the most-cited articles pertaining to this subject.

Methods:

We searched articles on the Web of Science and selected 100 articles according to the frequency of citations. Next, we reviewed the contents of the articles and identified the characteristics of these articles.

Results:

There are 21 journals in which the top-100 cited articles were published. The names of the journals, in the order in which the articles are cited, are as follows: Kidney International (25 articles), Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation (13 articles), and Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (12 articles). The top 100-cited articles were published in 15 countries. The country with the greatest number of publications was the United States of America (19 articles). The institution with the greatest number of articles (7 articles) was the University Health Network of Toronto. The author who wrote the most number of articles (5 articles) was Davies SJ.

Conclusion:

This study is the first in the field of nephrology to provide a list of the top-100 cited articles dedicated to peritoneal dialysis. Through this study, the research trends and major academic interests pertaining to peritoneal dialysis would be identified.
Determinants of Risky Sexual Behavioral Practices among Teen-girls in Malawi
Authors: Machira Kennedy , Maonga Beston , Chirwa Tobias
Published: January 2021

Background:

In Malawi, having multiple sexual partners and engaging in sexual intercourse without using condoms remain a sexual and reproductive health challenge among women. This has consequently increased morbidity and low productivity among women, especially in young women of the country. This paper examined the determinants of risky sexual behavioral practices among teen women in Malawi.

Methods:

The study used 2015-16 Malawi Demographic Health Survey with a weighted sample of 5263 women under 20 years. Both Bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses were used to estimate factors influencing risky sexual behavioral practices among teen women.

Results:

The study found the existence of differential determinants to influence women’s conduct in having both multiple sexual partners and inability to use condom during subsequent sexual intercourses with partners other than spouses. For instance, education (complete primary, IRR=2.755, p<0.001 and complete secondary education, IRR=3.515, p< 0.001); teen motherhood status (IRR = 0.295, p< 0.001), unavailability of the health care services (IRR=1.043, p<0.05) among others positively determined having multiple sexual partners in Malawi among teen women. On the contrary, wealth status (medium, IRR=1.116, p<0.001; rich, IRR=1.194, p<0.001) reduced teen women’s behavior of not using a condom with partners other than spouses during sexual intercourse.

Conclusion:

The study asserts that in Malawi, there is an urgent need for advocacy programmes aimed at reducing sexual and reproductive health challenges among girls at primary school levels and upwards. Equipping the girls, at a community level, with basic knowledge and understanding about the dangers of practicing risky sexual behavior is fundamental for the enhancement of their socio-economic support.