bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eating pathology and experience and weight loss in a prospective study of bariatric surgery patients: 3‐year follow‐up
Authors: Devlin Michael J. , King Wendy C. , Kalarchian Melissa A. , White Gretchen E. , Marcus Marsha D. , Garcia Luis , Yanovski Susan Z. , Mitchell James E.
Published: July 2016

Objective

Bariatric surgery results in significant long‐term weight loss, albeit with considerable variability. This study examines the prognostic significance of eating pathology as determined by a structured interview, the Eating Disorder Examination‐Bariatric Surgery Version (EDE‐BSV).

Method

Participants (N = 183) in this substudy of the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (LABS) Research Consortium were assessed using the EDE‐BSV, independent of clinical care, presurgery and annually postsurgery. We examined eating pathology and experiences at several frequency thresholds (present, ≥ monthly, ≥ weekly) over 3 years, and utilized mixed models to test their associations with percentage weight loss from baseline at years 1, 2, and 3.

Results

The prevalence of several forms of eating pathology declined pre‐ to 1‐year postsurgery, including ≥weekly objective bulimic episodes (11.6–1.3%), loss of control (LOC) eating (18.3–6.2%) and picking/nibbling (36.0–20.2%) (P for all <0.01), and regular evening hyperphagia (16.5–5.0%, P = 0.01), but not cravings (P = 0.93). Mean EDE global score, and hunger and enjoyment scores, also declined (P for all <0.01). These metrics remained lower than baseline through year‐3 (P for all <0.01). Presurgery eating variables were not related to weight loss (P for all ≥0.05). However, postsurgery higher EDE global score and greater hunger were independently associated with less weight loss postsurgery (P for both ≤0.01), while cravings were associated with greater weight loss (P = 0.03).

Discussion

Pathological eating behaviors and experiences are common presurgery and improve markedly following surgery. Postsurgery pathological eating‐related experiences and attitudes and hunger may contribute to suboptimal weight loss. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:1058–1067)
Mixed Transition Metal Oxide Supported on Nitrogen Doped Carbon Nanotubes – a Simple Bifunctional Electrocatalyst Studied with Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy
Authors: Seiffarth Gerda , Steimecke Matthias , Walther Till , Kühhirt Mathias , Rümmler Stefan , Bron Michael
Published: July 2016

A facile way to prepare a bifunctional electrocatalyst, which is active for both the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media, is presented. A Ni0.9Co0.1Fe2O4 mixed oxide, which is synthesized using a polyol mediated synthesis route, is combined with nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes (NCNT) known as electrically conducting material with high activity for the ORR. The combined bifunctional catalyst was investigated towards its structural properties using TEM, XRD, XPS and Raman spectroscopy and studied with relevant electrochemical characterization techniques, namely rotating disk electrode measurements for ORR and linear sweep voltammetry for OER as well as with scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). The difference between onset potentials for OER and for ORR was similar to that of other published bifunctional catalysts, indicating that the simple synthetic approach yields materials well suited for bifunctional catalysis applications. For ORR investigations the redox competition mode of SECM indicated high selectivity of the materials towards 4‐electron reduction of oxygen to water. The mixed material showed an enhanced activity for both reactions in comparison to the untreated and pristine materials. An additional heat treatment of the bifunctional catalyst led to a material with elemental Ni, Co and Fe exhibiting a decreased activity for both reactions.
Exploiting Maximum Entropy method and ASTER data for assessing debris flow and debris slide susceptibility for the Giampilieri catchment (north‐eastern Sicily, Italy)
Authors: Lombardo Luigi , Bachofer Felix , Cama Mariaelena , Märker Michael , Rotigliano Edoardo
Published: July 2016

This study aims at evaluating the performance of the Maximum Entropy method in assessing landslide susceptibility, exploiting topographic and multispectral remote sensing predictors. We selected the catchment of the Giampilieri stream, which is located in the north‐eastern sector of Sicily (southern Italy), as test site. On 1 October 2009, a storm rainfall triggered in this area hundreds of debris flow/avalanche phenomena causing extensive economical damage and loss of life. Within this area a presence‐only‐based statistical method was applied to obtain susceptibility models capable of distinguishing future activation sites of debris flow and debris slide, which where the main source of failure mechanisms for flow or avalanche type propagation. The set of predictors used in this experiment comprised primary and secondary topographic attributes, derived by processing a high resolution digital elevation model, CORINE land cover data and a set of vegetation and mineral indices obtained by processing multispectral ASTER images. All the selected data sources are dated before the disaster. A spatially random partition technique was adopted for validation, generating 50 replicates for each of the two considered movement typologies in order to assess accuracy, precision and reliability of the models. The debris slide and debris flow susceptibility models produced high performances with the first type being the best fit. The evaluation of the probability estimates around the mean value for each mapped pixel shows an inverted relation, with the most robust models corresponding to the debris flows. With respect to the role of each predictor within the modelling phase, debris flows appeared to be primarily controlled by topographic attributes whilst the debris slides were better explained by remotely sensed derived indices, particularly by the occurrence of previous wildfires across the slope. The overall excellent performances of the two models suggest promising perspectives for the application of presence‐only methods and remote sensing derived predictors. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distribution of Mini‐Mental State Examination scores among urban community‐dwelling older adults in Japan
Authors: Sakuma Naoko , Ura Chiaki , Miyamae Fumiko , Inagaki Hiroki , Ito Kae , Niikawa Hirotoshi , Ijuin Mutsuo , Okamura Tsuyoshi , Sugiyama Mika , Awata Shuichi
Published: July 2016

Objectives

The Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) is widely used as a cognitive screening test for older adults; however, cognitive performance can be affected by age, education, and sample selection bias, including time and place. The aims of this study were to examine the distribution of scores on the Japanese version of the MMSE in an urban community sample and to provide normative data for older Japanese adults.

Methods

A questionnaire survey was conducted on all residents aged 65 years and older living in an urban district in Tokyo (N = 7682). From among this population, 3000 residents were randomly selected to receive visits from trained nurses and to have their health status checked and their cognitive function examined using the MMSE.

Results

Of the 2786 eligible residents, the MMSE was administered to 1341 (47%) and successfully completed by 1319 (mean age, 74.4 ± 6.4 years; mean years of formal education, 12.6 ± 2.9). The median score was 28. A total of 143 residents (10.8%) had scores below the traditional 23/24 cutoff point. Younger age and higher education were associated with better performance. Greater variation was seen among the oldest and least educated residents, especially among women.

Conclusion

The results of this study confirm that age and education affect MMSE scores. To ensure the effective use of the MMSE, it is recommended to examine scores corresponding to age and education. The normative data presented are expected to be useful for assessing MMSE scores in older individuals both in and out of the clinical setting. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gas‐phase interactions of organotin compounds with cysteine
Authors: Latrous Latifa , Salpin Jean‐Yves , Haldys Violette , Léon Emmanuelle , Correia Catarina , Lamsabhi Al Mokhtar
Published: July 2016

The gas‐phase interactions of cysteine with di‐organotin and tri‐organotin compounds have been studied by mass spectrometry experiments and quantum calculations. Positive‐ion electrospray spectra show that the interaction of di‐ and tri‐organotins with cysteine results in the formation of [(R)2Sn(Cys‐H)]+and [(R)3Sn(Cys)]+ions, respectively. MS/MS spectra of [(R)2Sn(Cys‐H)]+complexes are characterized by numerous fragmentation processes, notably associated with elimination of NH3and (C,H2,O2). Several dissociation routes are characteristic of each given organic species. Upon collision, both the [(R)3Sn(Gly)]+and [(R)3Sn(Cys)]+complexes are associated with elimination of the intact amino acid, leading to the formation of [(R)3Sn]+cation. But for the latter complex, two additional fragmentation processes are observed, associated with the elimination of NH3and C3H4O2S. Calculations indicate that the interaction between organotins and cysteine is predominantly electrostatic but also exhibits a considerable covalent character, which is slightly more pronounced in tri‐organotin complexes. A preferred bidentate interaction of the type ‐η2‐S‐NH2, with sulfur and the amino group, is observed. As for the [(R)3Sn(Cys)]+complexes, their stability is due to the combination of the hydrogen bond taking place between the amino group and the sulfur lone pair and the interaction between the carboxylic oxygen atom and the metal. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sodium butyrate modulates a methamphetamine‐induced conditioned place preference
Authors: Zhu Jie , Zhao Na , Chen Yanjiong , Zhu Li , Zhong Qing , Liu Jian , Chen Teng
Published: July 2016

Previous studies demonstrated that histone acetylation modulated the transcription of associated gene expression and thus contributed to the persistence of addictive behaviors and neuroplasticity. Nonetheless, the roles of histone acetylation in distinct phases of methamphetamine (METH)‐induced conditioned place preference (CPP) remain unclear. The current study examines the effects of the histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibitor sodium butyrate (NaB) on the acquisition, extinction, and reinstatement of METH‐induced CPP in mice. Our results showed that 1 mg/kg METH induced CPP in mice after four conditioning sessions. METH‐induced CPP was extinguished after three extinction training sessions and could be triggered by the same dose (1 mg/kg) of METH on the reinstatement test day. Meanwhile, NaB (400 mg/kg) per se had no effect on the natural preference of mice, but injections of NaB during the conditioning and extinction phases facilitated the acquisition and extinction of METH‐induced CPP, respectively. Additionally, although the effect of a single NaB injection prior to the trigger of CPP reinstatement was not observed, repeated NaB injections during the extinction phase totally blocked the reinstatement of METH‐induced CPP. Taken together, our results suggested a specific effect of histone acetylation on modulating distinct phases of METH‐induced CPP and that treatment of NaB during the extinction phase not only produced beneficial effects on eliminating already established CPP but also blocked the reinstatement of METH‐induced CPP. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Purification, characterization and immunoregulatory activity of a polysaccharide isolated from Hibiscus sabdariffa L.
Authors: Zheng Daheng , Zou Ye , Cobbina Samuel Jerry , Wang Wei , Li Qian , Chen Yao , Feng Weiwei , Zou Yanmin , Zhao Ting , Zhang Min , Yang Liuqing , Wu Xiangyang
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND

Hibiscus sabdariffa L. is not only used traditionally as a component of herbal drinks, beverages and flavoring agents but also as a herbal medicine in the drug industry. Bioactive polysaccharides are important constituents of H. sabdariffa that may contribute to the plant's beneficial effects. This study was designed to investigate the structural characteristics of a water‐soluble polysaccharide from H. sabdariffa, HSP41, and its immunoregulatory activity on RAW264.7 cells.

RESULTS

HSP41 was mainly composed of arabinose, xylose and mannose at a molar ratio of 1:1.34:15.6, with an average molecular weight of 3.3 × 105 Da. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra exhibited absorption peaks characteristic of HSP41. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed the amorphous form and aggregation conformation of HSP41 respectively. HSP41 significantly induced interleukin 1β (IL‐1β) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in RAW264.7 cells in vitro, promoting an increase in nuclear factor kB p65 (NF‐kB p65) levels in the nucleus.

CONCLUSION

The results indicated that HSP41 up‐regulated the immune response by stimulating RAW264.7 cell activity. HSP41, a promising immunoregulator, possibly contributes to the health benefits of H. sabdariffa and might have potential applications in health food or medicine. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Island characteristics within wetlands influence waterbird nest success and abundance
Authors: Hartman C. Alex , Ackerman Joshua T. , Herzog Mark P.
Published: July 2016

Coastal waterbird populations are threatened by habitat loss and degradation from urban and agricultural development and forecasted sea level rise associated with climate change. Remaining wetlands often must be managed to ensure that waterbird habitat needs, and other ecosystem functions, are met. For many waterbirds, the availability of island nesting habitat is important for conserving breeding populations. We used linear mixed models to investigate the influence of pond and island landscape characteristics on nest abundance and nest success of American avocets (Recurvirostra americana), black‐necked stilts (Himantopus mexicanus), and Forster's terns (Sterna forsteri) in San Francisco Bay, California, USA, based on a 9‐year dataset that included >9,000 nests. Nest abundance and nest success were greatest within ponds and on individual islands located either <1 km or >4 km from San Francisco Bay. Further, nest abundance was greater within ponds with relatively few islands, and on linear‐shaped, highly elongated islands compared to more rounded islands. Nest success was greater on islands located away from the nearest surrounding pond levee. Compared to more rounded islands, linear islands contained more near‐water habitat preferred by many nesting waterbirds. Islands located away from pond levees may provide greater protection from terrestrial egg and chick predators. Our results indicate that creating and maintaining a few, relatively small, highly elongated and narrow islands away from mainland levees, in as many wetland ponds as possible would be effective at providing waterbirds with preferred nesting habitat. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
A partitioned approach for the coupling of SPH and FE methods for transient nonlinear FSI problems with incompatible time‐steps
Authors: Nunez‐Ramirez Jorge , Marongiu Jean‐Christophe , Brun Michaël , Combescure Alain
Published: July 2016

We propose a method to couple smoothed particle hydrodynamics and finite elements methods for nonlinear transient fluid–structure interaction simulations by adopting different time‐steps depending on the fluid or solid sub‐domains. These developments were motivated by the need to simulate highly non‐linear and sudden phenomena requiring the use of explicit time integrators on both sub‐domains (explicit Newmark for the solid and Runge–Kutta 2 for the fluid). However, due to critical time‐step required for the stability of the explicit time integrators in, it becomes important to be able to integrate each sub‐domain with a different time‐step while respecting the features that a previously developed mono time‐step coupling algorithm offered. For this matter, a dual‐Schur decomposition method originally proposed for structural dynamics was considered, allowing to couple time integrators of the Newmark family with different time‐steps with the use of Lagrange multipliers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A single‐center experience with undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver
Authors: Mathias Melissa D. , Ambati Srikanth R. , Chou Alexander J. , Slotkin Emily K. , Wexler Leonard H. , Meyers Paul A. , Magnan Heather
Published: July 2016

Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver (UESL) is a rare aggressive mesenchymal pediatric tumor. Previously, reported outcomes have been very poor. Here, we report a single‐center experience of five patients with UESL treated with upfront gross total resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. We have a median follow‐up of 8 years with a range from 5 to 19 years with 100% event‐free survival.
Effect of patch hybridization on the compression behavior of patch repaired glass/epoxy composite laminates using acoustic emission monitoring
Authors: Jefferson Andrew J , Arumugam V
Published: July 2016

This article investigates the compressive response of damaged glass/epoxy composite laminates repaired using hybrid external patches. Hybrid external patches based on glass and Kevlar woven fabrics bonded on both faces of the damaged parent laminate were considered. Five different kinds of plain weave woven fabrics with a different ratio between glass and Kevlar fibers (100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, and 0/100) were used as the external patches. The intention of using these hybrid patches is to build up a patch of optimum stiffness that facilitate to restrict the critical adhesive or cohesive failure on the joints unlike high stiff glass fibers or extensive fiber micro‐buckling of the external patches unlike low stiff Kevlar fibers under compression loading and consequently to produce repaired laminates with a strain to failure and residual strength nearly close or similar as that of virgin or normal components. The virgin and damaged specimens were taken as the reference specimens for comparison of residual mechanical properties and damage mechanisms. Damage evolution and the failure progression of the repaired glass/epoxy specimens were monitored using real‐time Acoustic Emission (AE) monitoring technique. Specimens repaired with the equal volume fraction of glass and Kevlar fibers in the external patches presented the most favorable residual compressive response by effectively releasing the stress concentration in the damaged area. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:1922–1935, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Defect engineering for shallow n‐type junctions in germanium: Facts and fiction
Authors: Simoen Eddy , Schaekers Marc , Liu Jinbiao , Luo Jun , Zhao Chao , Barla Kathy , Collaert Nadine
Published: July 2016

An overview is given on the status of n‐type dopant activation and diffusion in Ge, based on a standard ion implantation and annealing scheme. Emphasis is on defect engineering approaches to optimize either or both parameters. A detailed discussion is given on the use of co‐implantation by neutral or other n‐type dopants. As a case study, the impact of the C ion implantation energy and dose on n‐type junctions in p‐Ge by P + C co‐implantation will be given. It is demonstrated that for fixed P implant conditions, there exist an optimum energy and dose for achieving a minimum junction depth by the formation of C–PV complexes. An alternative approach is the use of self‐interstitial management at the end‐of‐range of the P implantation. Finally, an overview is given of alternatives for obtaining shallow, highly activated n‐type junctions in Ge. They rely on: non‐standard implantation schemes, ultra‐short annealing methods or relying on in situ doped epitaxial deposition.
Locomotion enhancement of an inchworm‐like capsule robot using long contact devices
Authors: Gao Jinyang , Yan Guozheng , Wang Zhiwu , Xu Fei , Wang Wei , Jiang Pingping , Liu Dasheng
Published: July 2016

Background

The inchworm‐like capsule robot (CR), which consists of two anchoring mechanisms (AMs) and an extensor, is a promising device for exploring the human intestine. However, the slippery intestinal lumen can cause anchoring slippage and the visco‐elastic intestine and mesentery can cause stroke loss, which both lower its locomotion performance.

Methods

This paper proposes a method for locomotion enhancement by optimizing the lengths of the contact devices that are installed at the tips of the AM.

Results

Theoretical analysis showed that a longer contact device was more beneficial to avoid slippage and reduce stroke loss, hence enhancing locomotion, which was then verified by ex vivo experiments. The 34.5 mm long contact devices enabled a locomotion efficiency of 54%, while it was only 21% when employing 5 mm long contact devices.

Conclusions

The inchworm‐like CR using long contact devices can enable a more efficient inspection of the intestine. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multivariate analysis of longitudinal rates of change
Authors: Bryan Matthew , Heagerty Patrick J.
Published: July 2016

Longitudinal data allow direct comparison of the change in patient outcomes associated with treatment or exposure. Frequently, several longitudinal measures are collected that either reflect a common underlying health status, or characterize processes that are influenced in a similar way by covariates such as exposure or demographic characteristics. Statistical methods that can combine multivariate response variables into common measures of covariate effects have been proposed in the literature. Current methods for characterizing the relationship between covariates and the rate of change in multivariate outcomes are limited to select models. For example, ‘accelerated time’ methods have been developed which assume that covariates rescale time in longitudinal models for disease progression. In this manuscript, we detail an alternative multivariate model formulation that directly structures longitudinal rates of change and that permits a common covariate effect across multiple outcomes. We detail maximum likelihood estimation for a multivariate longitudinal mixed model. We show via asymptotic calculations the potential gain in power that may be achieved with a common analysis of multiple outcomes. We apply the proposed methods to the analysis of a trivariate outcome for infant growth and compare rates of change for HIV infected and uninfected infants. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A note on posterior predictive checks to assess model fit for incomplete data
Authors: Xu Dandan , Chatterjee Arkendu , Daniels Michael
Published: July 2016

We examine two posterior predictive distribution based approaches to assess model fit for incomplete longitudinal data. The first approach assesses fit based on replicated complete data as advocated in Gelman et al. (2005). The second approach assesses fit based on replicated observed data. Differences between the two approaches are discussed and an analytic example is presented for illustration and understanding. Both checks are applied to data from a longitudinal clinical trial. The proposed checks can easily be implemented in standard software like (Win)BUGS/JAGS/Stan. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gold Nanowire Fabrication with Surface‐Attached Lipid Nanotube Templates
Authors: Jajcevic Kristina , Chami Mohamed , Sugihara Kaori
Published: July 2016

A high‐throughput approach to fabricate gold nanowires on surfaces with a lipid nanotube template is demonstrated. Streptavidin‐coated gold nanoparticles are attached to the biotin‐tagged lipid nanotubes. After the chemical fixation, the samples are dried and treated with oxygen plasma to remove the organic template and connect the particles. The created nanowires are characterized by cryo‐transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and electrical measurements.
Magnetic Suspension Array Technology: Controlled Synthesis and Screening in Microfluidic Networks
Authors: Lin Gungun , Karnaushenko Dmitriy D. , Bermúdez Gilbert Santiago Cañón , Schmidt Oliver G. , Makarov Denys
Published: July 2016

Information tagging and processing are vital in information‐intensive applications, e.g., telecommunication and high‐throughput drug screening. Magnetic suspension array technology may offer intrinsic advantages to screening applications by enabling high distinguishability, the ease of code generation, and the feasibility of fast code readout, though the practical applicability of magnetic suspension array technology remains hampered by the lack of quality administration of encoded microcarriers. Here, a logic‐controlled microfluidic system enabling controlled synthesis of magnetic suspension arrays in multiphase flow networks is realized. The smart and compact system offers a practical solution for the quality administration and screening of encoded magnetic microcarriers and addresses the universal need of process control for synthesis in microfluidic networks, i.e., on‐demand creation of droplet templates for high information capacity. The demonstration of magnetic suspension array technology enabled by magnetic in‐flow cytometry opens the avenue toward point‐of‐care multiplexed bead‐based assays, clinical diagnostics, and drug discovery.
Bahadur efficiency and probabilities of large deviations
Authors: Groeneboom P. , Oosterhoff J.
Published: July 2016

The relative performance of two statistical tests of a hypothesis for large sample sizes is often investigated by means of asymptotic relative efficiencies in the sense of Pitman or Bahadur. Pitman efficiencies are directed at local alternatives, Bahadur efficiencies at fixed (non‐local) alternatives. The present paper reviews some methods and results on Bahadur efficiency with special attention to probabilities of large deviations, which play a key role in the computation of Bahadur efficiencies.
The Quest for Palladium‐Catalysed Alkyl–Nitrogen Bond Formation
Authors: Muñiz Kilian , Martínez Claudio , Iglesias Álvaro
Published: July 2016

Our interest in the development of transition‐metal catalysis for the realisation of vicinal diamination reactions of alkenes started about a decade ago. A number of successful transformations in this area have been developed using palladium catalysis. As a challenging aspect of major importance, the palladium‐catalysed coupling of alkyl–nitrogen bonds constitutes the second step in diaminations of alkenes. We here discuss the details that led us to consider high‐oxidation‐state palladium catalysis as a key feature in such C–N bond‐forming reactions. This work discusses both our own contributions and the ones from colleagues and combines the discussion of catalytic reactions and stoichiometric control experiments. It demonstrates that reductive alkyl–nitrogen bond formation from palladium(IV) proceeds with a low activation barrier and through a linear transition state of nucleophilic displacement.

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Natural history of Cesarean scar pregnancy on prenatal ultrasound: the crossover sign
Authors: Cali G. , Forlani F. , Timor‐Tritsch I. E. , Palacios‐Jaraquemada J. , Minneci G. , D'Antonio F.
Published: July 2016

Objective

Advances in prenatal imaging techniques have led to an increase in the diagnosis of Cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP). However, antenatal counseling when CSP is diagnosed is challenging, and current evidence is derived mainly from small series reporting high rates of adverse maternal outcomes. The aim of this study was to ascertain the performance of prenatal ultrasound in predicting the natural history of CSP using a new sonographic sign, the crossover sign (COS).

Methods

This was a retrospective analysis of early first‐trimester (6–8 weeks' gestation) ultrasound images in women with morbidly adherent placenta (MAP) managed in the third trimester of pregnancy. The relationship between the gestational sac of the CSP, anterior uterine wall and Cesarean scar, defined as the COS, was analyzed to determine whether it could predict evolution in these cases. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated and logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between different types of COS (COS‐1, COS‐2+ or COS‐2–) and the occurrence of MAP.

Results

Sixty‐eight pregnancies with MAP were included. The risk of placenta percreta was significantly higher in pregnancies with COS‐1 than in those with COS‐2 (OR, 6.67 (95% CI, 1.3–33.3)). When evaluating the two variants of COS‐2 separately, the risk of placenta percreta was significantly higher in pregnancies with COS‐1 vs COS‐2+ (OR, 5.83 (95% CI, 1.1–30.2)) and this risk was even higher when comparing cases with COS‐1 vs COS‐2– (OR, 12.0 (95% CI, 1.9–75.7)). Logistic regression analysis showed that COS‐1 was associated independently with severe forms of MAP, such as placenta percreta and increta (OR, 12.85 (95% CI, 2.0–84.0)), while COS‐2+ was associated independently with placenta accreta (OR, 4.37 (95% CI, 1.1–17.0)).

Conclusions

Ultrasound assessment of the relationship between the gestational sac of a CSP and the endometrial line (the COS) may help to determine whether a CSP will progress towards a less severe form of MAP, amenable to postnatal treatment, and successful pregnancy outcome. Large prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings and elucidate the natural history of this condition. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
p53 and mitochondrial dysfunction: novel insight of neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Dai Chun-Qiu , Luo Ting-Ting , Luo Shi-Cheng , Wang Jia-Qi , Wang Sheng-Ming , Bai Yun-Hu , Yang Yan-Ling , Wang Ya-Yun
Published: July 2016

Mitochondria are organelles responsible for vital cell functions. p53 is a transcription factor that regulates the DNA stability and cell growth normality. Recent studies revealed that p53 can influence mitochondrial function changing from normal condition to abnormal condition under different stress levels. In normal state, p53 can maintain mitochondrial respiration through transactivation of SCO2. When stress stimuli presents, SCO2 overexpresses and leads to ROS generation. ROS promotes p53 inducing MALM (Mieap-induced accumulation of lysosome-like organelles within mitochondria) to repair dysfunctional mitochondria and MIV (Mieap-induced vacuole) to accomplish damaged mitochondria degradation. If stress or damage is irreversible, p53 will translocate to mitochondria, leading into apoptosis or necrosis. Neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease are still lack of clear explanations of mechanisms, but more studies have revealed the functional relationship between mitochondria and p53 towards the pathological development of these diseases. In this review, we discuss that p53 plays the vital role in the function of mitochondria in the aspect of pathological change metabolism. We also analyze these diseases with novel targeted treating molecules which are related to p53 and mitochondria, hoping to present novel therapies in future clinic.
Associations between uterine fibroids and obstetric outcomes in twin pregnancies
Authors: Wang Hong‐Mei , Tian Yu‐Cui , Xue Zhi‐Fang , Zhang Yue , Dai Yin‐Mei
Published: July 2016

Objective

To examine potential associations between the presence of fibroids and obstetric outcomes in twin pregnancies.

Methods

A prospective cohort study compared obstetric outcomes between individuals with twin pregnancies who did and did not have fibroids. Patients were considered for inclusion if they underwent first‐trimester ultrasonography examination, and went on to deliver at the Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital between September 1, 2012 and December 31, 2014. Participants were grouped based on the presence or absence of fibroids and baseline demographics, fibroid characteristics, and obstetric outcomes were recorded and compared between the two groups.

Results

In total, 153 patients with twin pregnancies were recruited; 51 had fibroids and 102 did not. Patients in the fibroid group demonstrated a higher maternal age (P < 0.001), higher pre‐pregnancy body mass index (P = 0.01), and higher rate of assisted reproductive technology use (P = 0.04). The presence of fibroids was not associated with any change in obstetric outcomes, and obstetric outcomes were unaffected by the number, size, location, and type of fibroids (all P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Fibroids were not a risk factor for any adverse obstetric outcomes among patients with twin pregnancies.
Trial without a Catheter Programme Improves Urological Management for Retention of Urine after Hip Fracture Surgery
Authors: William Cheng Kin-Hung , Raymond Chin Ping-Hong
Published: July 2016

Background

Acute retention of urine (AROU) is commonly occurred in patients with geriatric hip fractures after surgeries. It is common that the catheters cannot be weaned off after insertion.

Objectives

We compared an approach using unified Trial Without Catheter (TWOC) protocol with non-unified management plans in patients with retention of urine after hip fracture surgery, to compare these approaches in terms of (1) rate of successful catheter removal, (2) duration required for successful catheter removal, (3) number of episodes of urinary tract infection, and (4) length of hospital stay.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 250 patients who failed to wean off a urinary catheter. 140 out of 1349 patients between December 2012 and September 2014 formed the intervention group (treated with unified TWOC protocol), and 110 out of 1193 patients between July 2006 and December 2008 were the control group (treated with different AROU management approaches). The efficiency and effectiveness of the urological management in both groups were compared.

Results

As expected, the rate of successful TWOC was higher in intervention group (before discharge, 68.6% versus 38.2%; after discharge, 20.0% versus 18.2%, overall, 88.6% versus 56.4%). Despite trial of weaning off urinary catheters, 16 patients in intervention group and 8 patients in control group failed with permanent catheter required. Forty patients in control group were discharged with permanently catheters without a trial of TWOC.

Conclusion

The TWOC program provides structured and standardized urological management for patients suffered from AROU after geriatric hip fracture surgeries. To reiterate, indwelling urethral catheters must not be placed permanently without carrying out urological assessment in patients with geriatric hip fractures.
Asiancrit Perspective on Social Studies
Authors: An Sohyun
Published: July 2016

Despite an extensive body of curriculum research on inclusion and representation of historically marginalized groups, Asian Americans and their perspectives have received relatively little attention in and of themselves in curriculum studies. Although some progress has been made in curricular treatment of historically marginalized groups, Asian Americans are still almost absent from official school knowledge, and when they appear they are generally misrepresented. This article introduces Asian critical race theory (AsianCrit) as relevant to curriculum studies, and explicates how AsianCrit can be a theoretical, methodological framework to research and transform curricular treatment of Asian Americans. In doing so, this article seeks to address the lack of curriculum research on Asian Americans as well as the limited curricular inclusion of Asian Americans and their experiences.
The Optimality of Using Marginal Land for Bioenergy Crops: Tradeoffs between Food, Fuel, and Environmental Services
Authors: Valcu-Lisman Adriana M. , Kling Catherine L. , Gassman Philip W.
Published: July 2016

We assess empirically how agricultural lands should be used to produce the highest valued outputs, which include food, energy, and environmental goods and services. We explore efficiency tradeoffs associated with allocating land between food and bioenergy and use a set of market prices and nonmarket environmental values to value the outputs produced by those crops. We also examine the degree to which using marginal land for energy crops is an approximately optimal rule. Our empirical results for an agricultural watershed in Iowa show that planting energy crops on marginal land is not likely to yield the highest valued output.
Accuracy of Administrative Data for the Coding of Acute Stroke and TIAs
Authors: Hall Ruth , Mondor Luke , Porter Joan , Fang Jiming , Kapral Moira K.
Published: July 2016

Objective: Administrative data validation is essential for identifying biases and misclassification in research. The objective of this study was to determine the accuracy of diagnostic codes for acute stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) using the Ontario Stroke Registry (OSR) as the reference standard. Methods: We identified stroke and TIA events in inpatient and emergency department (ED) administrative data from eight regional stroke centres in Ontario, Canada, from April of 2006 through March of 2008 using ICD–10–CA codes for subarachnoid haemorrhage (I60, excluding I60.8), intracerebral haemorrhage (I61), ischemic (H34.1 and I63, excluding I63.6), unable to determine stroke (I64), and TIA (H34.0 and G45, excluding G45.4). We linked administrative data to the Ontario Stroke Registry and calculated sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV). Results:: We identified 5,270 inpatient and 4,411 ED events from the administrative data. Inpatient administrative data had an overall sensitivity of 82.2% (95% confidence interval [CI95%]=81.0, 83.3) and a PPV of 68.8% (CI95%=67.5, 70.0) for the diagnosis of stroke, with notable differences observed by stroke type. Sensitivity for ischemic stroke increased from 66.5 to 79.6% with inclusion of I64. The sensitivity and PPV of ED administrative data for diagnosis of stroke were 56.8% (CI95%=54.8, 58.7) and 59.1% (CI95%=57.1, 61.1), respectively. For all stroke types, accuracy was greater in the inpatient data than in the ED data. Conclusion: The accuracy of stroke identification based on administrative data from stroke centres may be improved by including I64 in ischemic stroke type, and by considering only inpatient data.
Le mariage, c’est l’affaire de l’Église : pouvoir d’État et bigamie
Authors: Méthot Mélanie
Published: July 2016

Depuis le tout début de la Nouvelle-France, la bigamie a constitué un crime contre les mœurs. Dans notre étude sur la bigamie au Québec (1763-1960), des quelques 385 cas répertoriés, bien que les prêtres soient souvent appelés pour attester de la validité d’un mariage ou du caractère moral de leurs paroissiens, très peu d’entre eux jouent le rôle de délateur. Ils ne se sont effectivement tournés vers les tribunaux de juridiction criminelle que lorsqu’ils n’ont pas réussi à faire taire le scandale par leurs propres moyens. On s’aperçoit que non seulement l’Église catholique a préféré gérer seule cette offense au mariage monogame, mais surtout, étant donné le nombre limité de causes portées devant les tribunaux criminels, qu’elle a continué d’exercer son monopole sur l’institution matrimoniale au cours de la première moitié du vingtième siècle, cela même si les autorités civiles ont parfois fait fi du droit canonique. Sur le plan de l’individu, notons que le mariage est resté tout au long de la période étudiée une institution fondamentale.
Change in Disagreements About Money, Time, and Sex and Marital Outcomes
Authors: Wheeler Brandan , Kerpelman Jennifer
Published: July 2016

Using data from the National Survey of Families and Households, an actor-partner interdependence model explored change in the frequency of disagreements and marital outcomes among 796 paired couples, early in marriage. Disagreements about money, time spent together, and the sexual relationship increased over 5 years. Money disagreements predicted disagreements about time and sex for husbands. Spillover findings showed disagreements about money and sex were related negatively to marital satisfaction. Disagreements in all three areas predicted marital instability for husbands, although only disagreements about money and time predicted marital instability for wives. Crossover findings showed husbands’ disagreements about money to be related negatively to wives’ marital satisfaction. Implications of the current findings are discussed.
On s-convex approximations
Authors: Denuit Michel , Lefèvre Claude , Shaked Moshe
Published: July 2016

Let ℬs([a,b];μ1,μ2,…,μs-1) be the class of all distribution functions of random variables with support in [a,b] having μ1,μ2,…,μs-1 as their first s-1 moments. In this paper we examine some aspects of the structure of ℬs([a,b];μ1,μ2,…,μs-1) and of the s-convex stochastic extrema in it. Using representation results of moment matrices à la Lindsay (1989a), we provide conditions for the admissibility of moment sequences in ℬs([a,b];μ1,μ2,…,μs-1) in terms of lower bounds on the number of support points of the corresponding distribution functions. We point out two special distributions with a minimal number of support points that are the s-convex extremal distributions. It is shown that the support points of these extrema are the roots of some polynomials, and an efficient method for the complete determination of the distribution functions of these extrema is described. A study of the goodness of fit, of the approximation of an arbitrary element in ℬs([a,b];μ1,μ2,…,μs-1) by one of the stochastic s-convex extrema, is then given. Using standard ideas from linear regression, we derive Tchebycheff-type inequalities which extend previous results of Lindsay (1989b), and we establish some limit theorems involving the moment matrices. Finally, we describe some applications in insurance theory, namely, we provide bounds on Lundberg's coefficient in risk theory, and on the actual interest rate relating to a life insurance policy. These bounds are obtained with the aid of the s-convex extrema, and are determined only by the support and the first few moments of the underlying distribution.
Stochastic multi-type SIR epidemics among a population partitioned into households
Authors: Ball Frank , Lyne Owen D.
Published: July 2016

We consider a stochastic model for the spread of an SIR (susceptible → infective → removed) epidemic among a closed, finite population that contains several types of individuals and is partitioned into households. The infection rate between two individuals depends on the types of the transmitting and receiving individuals and also on whether the infection is local (i.e., within a household) or global (i.e., between households). The exact distribution of the final outcome of the epidemic is outlined. A branching process approximation for the early stages of the epidemic is described and made fully rigorous, by considering a sequence of epidemics in which the number of households tends to infinity and using a coupling argument. This leads to a threshold theorem for the epidemic model. A central limit theorem for the final outcome of epidemics which take off is derived, by exploiting an embedding representation.
Multivariate subordination, self-decomposability and stability
Authors: Barndorff-Nielsen Ole E. , Pedersen Jan , Sato Ken-Iti
Published: July 2016

Multivariate subordinators are multivariate Lévy processes that are increasing in each component. Various examples of multivariate subordinators, of interest for applications, are given. Subordination of Lévy processes with independent components by multivariate subordinators is defined. Multiparameter Lévy processes and their subordination are introduced so that the subordinated processes are multivariate Lévy processes. The relations between the characteristic triplets involved are established. It is shown that operator self-decomposability and the operator version of the class Lm property are inherited from the multivariate subordinator to the subordinated process under the condition of operator stability of the subordinand.
Effect of scale on solute dispersion in saturated porous media
Authors: Gupta Vijay K. , Bhatiacharya R. N.
Published: July 2016

Consider a saturated porous m edium in which water is flowing slowly with a steady velocity. Suppose at some space-time scale the concentration C(x, r) of a non-reactive dilute solute is governed by the following Fokker-Planck differential equation:
Threshold models for the analysis of environmental extremes
Authors: Smith Richard L.
Published: July 2016

Statistical methods for analysing the extreme values of a time series may be based on the observed exceedances of the series above a high threshold level. Todorovic (1979) has developed this approach in detail; other relevant references are North (1980) and the English Flood Studies Report (1975). One way of motivating these models is by reference to the theory of extremes in stationary sequences, due to Leadbetter and others.
The modelling of venereal diseases—an elusive goal in epidemic research
Authors: Kryscio Richard J.
Published: July 2016

Venereal disease is among one of the more active serious epidemics in the world today. Despite its prevalence and the ever-increasing literature on the mathematical treatment of epidemics very little progress has been made toward modelling the spread of this disease. Key features of the disease that help to account for this lack of progress are: (i) VD involves the cross-infection between two groups of individuals and (ii) VD is a recurrent disease. The heterosexual spread .of VD ties in the modelling of this disease with the yet unsolved problem in mathematical biology concerning the growth of two interacting species. In this paper we review the current state of the art in the stochastic modelling of this disease.
Investigations of the aerodynamic performance and noise characteristics of a Dowty Rotol R212 propeller at full-scale in the 24 ft wind tunnel
Authors: Trebble W. J. G.
Published: July 2016

Propeller power absorption and thrust have been measured over a range of rotational speeds up to 1400 rev/min at mainstream airspeeds up to 48 m/s for a wide range of blade setting. In addition, cruise conditions have been simulated by maintaining the appropriate ratio of propeller tip speed to the airspeed. Generally good agreement is shown between these full scale experiments with results obtained at 1/5 scale though the effect of Mach number is observable when the propeller is highly loaded.

Noise analysis demonstrates the predominance of multiple tones whose number and intensity increase with helical-tip Mach number. An empirical formula shows that the fundamental tone varies with tip speed and power loading in a similar manner to that observed on a 1/5 scale model.
An assessment of the use of low-order panel methods for the calculation of supersonic flows
Authors: Smith J. S. , Woodward D. S.
Published: July 2016

Three low-order panel methods developed for the analysis of supersonic flows have been used to make calculations for a number of test configurations, with the aim of establishing the range of problems for which this class of computational method yields adequate solutions. The programs investigated were the Woodward USSAERO/C program, the related NLRAERO program, and the British Aerospace Warton supersonic panel program. Results obtained using these programs have been evaluated against theoretical and experimental data for a number of test cases covering wing-alone, body-alone and wing-body geometries. It is concluded that low-order panel methods can provide adequate solutions for supersonic flows about wings, bodies and wing-body combinations, provided the assumptions implicit in the linearised potential flow model are not violated. Examples show that the prediction of lift and pitching moment curve slopes for quite complex configurations may be acceptable, but that the detailed pressure distributions are not always predicted satisfactorily. In particular, serious problems are encountered in calculating the flow about wings with rounded supersonic leading edges due to the linearised flow model which is used.