bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jewish Communities in Iran/Central Asia
Authors: Haim Ofir
Published: June 2023

The Jewish presence in the Iranian world is well attested from the advent of Islam up to the rise of the Safavids in the early sixteenth century. The vast area stretching from modern Iran in the west to China in the east, and from the Central Asian Steppes in the north to the shores of the Persian Gulf in the south, was home to multiple Jewish communities, Rabbanite and non‐Rabbanite alike. While retaining their religious identity through their practices and ties to the main spiritual centers of Judaism, Iranian Jews formed part and parcel of Iran's social fabric. This is particularly evident given their high degree of involvement in the political sphere and their acculturation to the Perso‐Islamic environment during the Ilkhanid and early post‐Mongol periods.
Early Western Himalayas
Authors: Sharma Mahesh
Published: June 2023

The construction of the Western Himalayan monarchical state took place through the intrusion of sedentary polity into forest regions. The political structures in the mountainous valleys consisted of clan‐based chieftainships (
Ṭhakurāis) –
the organizations of clan‐warriors who were the primary landed class – while the peasants or artisans formed the working and taxpaying population. Both tiers were integrated by the
Deos
, the godlings, who were sovereign and paramount in their jurisdiction, and ruled through
Ṭhakurāis
. Such polities may be considered as “
Deo
‐cracies.” The integration of
Ṭhakurāis
in the formation of early monarchical state therefore was critical.

The early kingdoms emerged around the sixth century
ce
in the submountainous zones of Chamba, Kangra, and Kullu. Such kingdoms were conceptualized according to the “eighteen‐element” model that integrated various communities into the Sanskritic political process. Local identities were thus subordinated and accommodated in the hierarchical political framework. As political hierarchies consolidated, so did the social hierarchies.

The demanding mountainous terrain ensured single dynastic rule. The kingdoms, however, warred to control agricultural territories and high mountain passes – the lifeline for interstate trade and the military. War, discipline, and tax defined the early polity through which disparate clans, communities, and remote territories were integrated into the monarchical political process.
Gāhaḍavālas
Authors: Ray Krishnendu
Published: June 2023

The Gahaḍavālas, or Gāhaḍavāla Dynasty, established political power in the region including Kānyakubja, Ayodhya, and Varanasi in northern India in the late eleventh century
ce
and included Yaśovigraha, Mahicandra, Candradeva (ca. 1089–1100
ce
), Madanapāla (ca. 1100–14
ce
), and Govindacandra (ca. 1114–55
ce
). Through war and diplomacy Govindacandra strengthened the territorial power of the Gāhaḍavālas and attempted to stabilize their authority by setting up an administrative system whose smooth running was ensured by securing the collection of revenues. Their political activities are known mostly from epigraphic records. Despite having politico‐diplomatic influence, an administrative set‐up, and fiscal support, the Gāhaḍavāla kingdom could not survive for long after the time of Govindacandra.
Precise Engineering of Octahedron‐Induced Subcrystalline CoMoO4 Cathode Catalyst for High‐Performance Li–Air Batteries
Authors: Zhou Huimin , Guo Liang , Zhang Runhao , Xie Lei , Qiu Yang , Zhang Guoliang , Guo Zhanhu , Kong Biao , Dang Feng
Published: June 2023

Lithium–air batteries (LABs) have attracted intense interest due to their ultrahigh energy density. However, the performance of LABs has to depend on modified electrolytes, gas selective film and Li anode protection. In this study, firstly it is reported that Mo‐O octahedron induced subcrystalline scheelite CoMoO4 catalyst achieves a high performance LABs performance based only on the high catalytic activity in air. The subcrystalline CoMoO4 catalyst obtains a specific capacity of 12 000 mAh g−1, and ultralong cycle stability over 270 cycles at 1000 mA g−1 in ambient air. This study demonstrates an ultrastable crystal structure and surface conditions of the CoMoO4 catalyst toward a corrosive environment and complex air‐involved reactions. A theoretical calculation further reveals that the polyhedral framework in the scheelite CoMoO4 can provide a highly stable catalytic surface for the OER/ORR reactions, furthermore, its repulsive nature toward H2O and CO2 can efficiently avoid side reactions and slow the corrosion of the Li anode in air. Moreover, the induced octahedron enhances the adsorption energies to O2 and LiO2, and accelerates the catalytic reactions in air. The present study provides a conceptual breakthrough to find highly active cathode catalysts for LABs.
Implicitly Represented Architected Materials for Multi‐Scale Design and High‐Resolution Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Rastegarzadeh Sina , Wang Jun , Huang Jida
Published: June 2023

Bio‐inspired structured materials have achieved unprecedented progress in realizing exceptional, effective properties. However, a rational design paradigm that enables both tailoring complex 3D architectures and manufacturing the engineered hierarchical structured materials is still missing. To bridge this gap, this study presents a holistic design‐through‐printing framework with implicitly represents cellular materials for high‐resolution structured materials design and manufacturing. Attributed to the parameterized implicit function‐based representation (FRep), the material's microstructures can be effectively controlled to tune the material properties (e.g., isotropic, orthotropic, and anisotropic) while enabling functional gradation in the multi‐scale hierarchical design. Given prescribed material properties in different applications, the proposed framework finds the optimal layout of microstructures with an adaptive cluster‐based topology optimization algorithm. The geometry frustration problem brought by the mixture of distinct microstructures is simultaneously addressed with a spatial gradation scheme in the optimization loop. Lastly, the FRep‐based architected material enables efficient geometry processing (e.g., slicing) for modern AM processes, thus facilitating the manufacturing of high‐resolution delicate designed materials. The proposed framework is scalable and adaptable to accomplish a broad spectrum of design demands in various applications.
The impact of a smartphone‐based cognitive aid on clinical performance during cardiac arrest simulations: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Brophy Samuel L. , McCue Michael R. , Reel Riley M. , Jones Tristan D. , Dias Roger D.
Published: June 2023

Objectives

In‐hospital cardiac arrests are common and associated with high mortality. Smartphone applications offer quick access to algorithms and timers but often lack real‐time guidance. This study assesses the impact of the Code Blue Leader application on the performance of providers leading cardiac arrest simulations.

Methods

This open‐label randomized controlled trial included Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS)–trained medical doctors (MD) and registered nurses (RN). Participants were randomized to lead the same ACLS simulation with or without the app. The primary outcome, “performance score,” was assessed by a trained rater using a validated ACLS scoring system. Secondary outcomes included percentage of critical actions performed, number of incorrect actions, and chest compression fraction (percentage of time spent performing chest compressions). A sample size of 30 participants was calculated to detect a difference of 20% at the 0.05 alpha level with 90% power.

Results

Fifteen MDs and 15 RNs underwent stratified randomization. The median (interquartile range) performance score in the app group was 95.3% (93.0%–100.0%) compared to 81.4% (60.5%–88.4%) in the control group, demonstrating an effect size of r = 0.69 (Z = −3.78, r = 0.69, p = 0.0002). The percentage of critical actions performed in the app group was 100% (96.2%–100.0%) compared to 85.0% (74.1%–92.4%) in the control group. The number of incorrect actions performed in the app group was 1 (1) compared to 4 (3–5) in the control group. Chest compression fraction in the app group was 75.5% (73.0%–84.0%) compared to 75.0% (72.0%–85.0%) in the control group.

Conclusions

The Code Blue Leader smartphone app significantly improved the performance of ACLS‐trained providers in cardiac arrest simulations.
Placement and nitrogen source effects on N2O emissions for canola production in Manitoba
Authors: Tenuta Mario , Gao Xiaopeng , Tiessen Kevin H. D. , Baron Kevin , Sparling Brad
Published: June 2023

This study examined fertilizer nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and canola (Brassica napus L.) grain yield for two granular urea sources (conventional and a dual urease and nitrification inhibitor [SuperU]) and three at‐planting placement methods (broadcast‐incorporated, shallow banded, and deep banded) on commercial fields in Manitoba. Nitrogen (N) rates were 100% and 70% of what was recommended based on soil test and target yield, with the 100% treatments having N2O emissions monitored. SuperU fertilizer consistently reduced N2O emissions (area‐, N‐applied‐, and yield‐based) compared to urea. Significant reductions in N2O emissions with SuperU occurred in four of six site‐years and coincided with delayed nitrification. Compared to broadcast‐incorporated, subsurface banding of conventional urea reduced N2O emissions in drier site‐years but increased emissions when rainfall was higher (especially in shallow banded urea). Across all six site‐years, shallow banding of urea resulted in significantly higher emission intensities than all other treatments. Nitrogen placement did not affect the emission reduction benefit of SuperU. N source or placement did not greatly affect canola yield within either 100% or 70% N rates. Fertilizer N recovery efficiency was also not greatly impacted by either N source or placement. The results demonstrate that dual inhibited granular urea fairly consistently reduces N2O emissions in canola production in southern Manitoba, whereas nitrogen placement had variable effects depending on growing season rainfall. However, with little agronomic benefit, the added cost of enhanced efficiency fertilizers must be overcome for widespread adoption and to achieve greenhouse gas reduction targets for the Canadian agriculture sector.
Longitudinal blood biomarker trajectories in preclinical Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Yakoub Yara , Ashton Nicholas J. , Strikwerda‐Brown Cherie , Montoliu‐Gaya Laia , Karikari Thomas K. , Kac Przemysław R. , Gonzalez‐Ortiz Fernando , Gallego‐Rudolf Jonathan , Meyer Pierre‐François , St‐Onge Frédéric , Schöll Michael , Soucy Jean‐Paul , Breitner John C. S. , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Poirier Judes , Villeneuve Sylvia ,   PREVENT‐AD Research Group
Published: June 2023

INTRODUCTION

Plasma biomarkers are altered years prior to Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical onset.

METHODS

We measured longitudinal changes in plasma amyloid‐beta (Aβ)42/40 ratio, pTau181, pTau231, neurofilament light chain (NfL), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in a cohort of older adults at risk of AD (n = 373 total, n = 229 with Aβ and tau positron emission tomography [PET] scans) considering genetic and demographic factors as possible modifiers of these markers’ progression.

RESULTS

Aβ42/40 ratio concentrations decreased, while NfL and GFAP values increased over the 4‐year follow‐up. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 carriers showed faster increase in plasma pTau181 than non‐carriers. Older individuals showed a faster increase in plasma NfL, and females showed a faster increase in plasma GFAP values. In the PET subsample, individuals both Aβ‐PET and tau‐PET positive showed faster plasma pTau181 and GFAP increase compared to PET‐negative individuals.

DISCUSSION

Plasma markers can track biological change over time, with plasma pTau181 and GFAP markers showing longitudinal change in individuals with preclinical AD.

Highlights

Longitudinal increase of plasma pTau181 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) can be measured in the preclinical phase of AD.

Apolipoprotein E ε4 carriers experience faster increase in plasma pTau181 over time than non‐carriers.

Female sex showed accelerated increase in plasma GFAP over time compared to males.

Aβ42/40 and pTau231 values are already abnormal at baseline in individuals with both amyloid and tau PET burden.
Hochhausstützen in Deutschland – Bestands‐ und Potenzialanalyse unter Berücksichtigung der Nachhaltigkeit
Authors: Matz Henrik , Empelmann Martin
Published: June 2023

Moderne und wirtschaftliche Konstruktionen von Hochhäusern erfordern hochtragfähige Stützen, welche zusätzlich zur sicheren Bemessung auch architektonische, technische und wirtschaftliche Anforderungen erfüllen müssen. Aus einer Sichtung und Einordnung von Stützenkonzepten an ausgeführten Hochhäusern in Deutschland in Massivbauweise über die letzten 30 Jahre kann eine Optimierungsabfolge von „Beton“ über „Bewehrung“ zur „Fertigung“ festgestellt werden. Die Auswirkungen der Optimierungsstrategien werden in einer qualitativen Potenzialanalyse unter den Aspekten „Tragfähigkeit, Robustheit, Bauzeit, Kosten und Nachhaltigkeit“ anschaulich dargestellt und zeigen einen deutlichen Trend zu Fertigteilstützen aus hochfestem Beton mit hochfester Bewehrung und hohen Bewehrungsgraden (3H‐Stützen). Aus weiter zunehmenden Anforderungen an die Nachhaltigkeit, aber auch zur Schließung von Regelungslücken bei modernen Hochhausstützen in den Normen ergeben sich aktuelle Fragestellungen. Hierzu werden Forschungsansätze und Lösungsvorschläge vorgestellt.
Discrimination of Polygonati Rhizoma Species: An Investigation Utilizing High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography Fingerprints and Chemometrics
Authors: Zhou Kexin , Liu Meiqi , Gao Jie , Liu Yi , Ren Xiaoliang , Sun Lili , Liu Yanan
Published: June 2023

Polygonati Rhizoma has been a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for two thousand years. It is increasingly being used not just as a traditional herbal medicine but also as a popular functional food. In this study, qualitative and quantitative analysis of PR from three different origins were initially performed using chemical fingerprint and chemometrics methods. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and Principal component analysis (PCA) were used to classify 60 PR samples from three different origins. The results revealed that the PR samples fell into three clusters related to the origins. In addition, pairwise comparison of varying PR and obtaining chemical markers between different species through the establishment of partial least squares discriminant analysis. Finally, chemical markers 9,13 and 17 were identified by LC/MS as disporopsin, 5,7‐dihydroxy‐3‐(4′‐hydroxybenzyl)‐6,8‐dimethylchroman‐4‐one and (3R)‐5,7‐dihydroxy‐3‐(4′‐hydroxybenzyl)‐6‐methylchroman‐4‐one or isomer, respectively. In conclusion, these methods can be applied to identify and distinguish the quality of PR with other original plants and provide novel ideas for evaluating herbal products used in TCM.
Patient with lupus anticoagulant caused aPTT prolongation corrected with prednisolone treatment and later anticoagulation treatment due to chronic atrial fibrillation
Authors: Frydrysiak Marlena , Pachniak Paulina , Krysicka Anna , Moczulski Dariusz
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

Lupus anticoagulant caused aPTT prolongation in rare case can cause bleeding tendency especially when combined with other hemostasis abnormalities. In such cases, aPTT value can be corrected by immunosuppressants within several days of treatment. When anticoagulation therapy is needed vitamin K antagonist are a good option for the initial treatment.

Lupus anticoagulant antibodies despite causing aPTT prolongation are commonly associated with increased risk of thrombosis. We present a rare case of patient when these autoantibodies resulted in dramatic aPTT prolongation and combined with associated thrombocytopenia resulted in minor bleeding events. In presented case treatment with oral steroids resulted in aPTT values correction followed by resolution of bleeding tendency within several days. Later, the patient developed chronic atrial fibrillation and was started on anticoagulation treatment initially with vitamin K antagonist without bleeding complications during follow‐up period. Corresponding changes in patient's aPTT time in a course of whole treatment is presented.
Intravesical textiloma mistook for bladder stone: A case report
Authors: Thomas Jonaviva Anthony , Ngowi Bartholomeo Nicholaus , Mpelumbe Janeth , Mwasakialo Gideon , Mbwambo Jasper Saidi , Bogdanowicz Jack , Bright Frank , Kien Mteta Alfred , Mbwambo Orgeness Jasper
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

Intravesical textiloma is a rare surgical complication, that may cause nonspecific lower urinary tract symptoms. Clinicians should consider it in patients with a history of bladder surgery and persistent or new‐onset urinary symptoms.

Intravesical textiloma is a rare condition usually presents asymptomatic or with non specific symptoms. A 72 years old man with prior open prostatectomy presented lower urinary tract symptoms and diagnosed with bladder stones, explorative laparotomy revealed semi calcified gauze. Similar history should prompt suspicion of this condition.
Guillain‐Barré syndrome following COVID‐19 vaccination: An updated systematic review of cases
Authors: Shaheen Nour , Ramadan Abdelraouf , Nashwan Abdulqadir J. , Shaheen Ahmed , Ahmad Shahzaib , Motawea Karam R. , Mohamed Salaheldin , Mohamed Rahma Sameh , Swed Sarya , Aiash Hani
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare but possible complication that may occur after COVID‐19 vaccination. In this systematic review, we found that GBS presented in patients with an average age of 58. The average time for symptoms to appear was 14.4 days. Health care providers should be aware of this potential complication.

Most instances of Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) are caused by immunological stimulation and are discovered after vaccinations for tetanus toxoid, oral polio, and swine influenza. In this systematic study, we investigated at GBS cases that were reported after receiving the COVID‐19 vaccination. Based on PRISMA guidelines, we searched five databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Ovid, Web of Science, and Scopus databases) for studies on COVID‐19 vaccination and GBS on August 7, 2021. To conduct our analysis, we divided the GBS variants into two groups, acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and non‐acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP and non‐AIDP), and compared the two groups with mEGOS and other clinical presentation In this systematic review, 29 cases were included in 14 studies. Ten cases belonged to the AIDP variant, 17 were non‐AIDP (one case had the MFS variant, one AMAN variant, and 15 cases had the BFP variant), and the two remaining cases were not mentioned. Following COVID‐19 vaccination, GBS cases were, on average, 58 years of age. The average time it took for GBS symptoms to appear was 14.4 days. About 56 percent of the cases (56%) were classified as Brighton Level 1 or 2, which defines the highest level of diagnostic certainty for patients with GBS. This systematic review reports 29 cases of GBS following COVID‐19 vaccination, particularly those following the AstraZeneca/Oxford vaccine. Further research is needed to assess all COVID‐19 vaccines' side effects, including GBS.
A case report of atypical preeclampsia with severity criteria for hydatidiform complete mole
Authors: Pérez‐Nieto Orlando Rubén , Herrera‐Venegas Christian Alberto , Pozos‐Cortés Karen Pamela , Flores‐Ramírez Raymundo , Ugalde‐Real Jesús Salvador , Argüello‐Bolaños Jardiel , Puente Marian Elizabeth Phinder , Zamarrón‐López Éder Iván , Deloya‐Tomas Ernesto
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Massage

Preeclampsia is defined as elevation of blood pressure and any of the following severity criteria: proteinuria, thrombocytopenia, elevation of creatinine in the absence of another renal pathology, elevation of transaminases, pulmonary edema, or neurological symptoms. However, after 20 weeks of gestation in a previously normotensive patient, cases of preeclampsia associated with molar pregnancy have been described in patients at less than 20 weeks of gestation. A 26‐year‐old woman, at 14.1 weeks of gestation was admitted to the lower extremities with facial edema, holocranial headache, nausea, epigastralgia, phosphenes, and photophobia, with a double‐length uterine fundus for gestational age and ultrasonography. Obstetricians who showed images of snowflakes without fetuses and annexes had multiple thecal‐lutein cysts. Atypical preeclampsia was identified using the severity data for complete hydatidiform moles. Given the possibility of serious complications that may endanger the life of the maternal–fetal binomial, atypical forms of preeclampsia should be suspected.
Career counselors’ experiential reflections on early recollections in career construction counseling
Authors: Dalene Kirsten Marie
Published: June 2023

Many studies validate career construction counseling (CCC); however, counselors’ experiences of using early recollections (ERs) in CCC have garnered little research attention. Preliminary research among career counselors in Norway has revealed skepticism about using ERs, owing to aspects such as associations with therapy. Therefore, this study examines career counselors’ experiential reflections on using ERs in CCC. Through thematic analysis of multistage focus group interviews from action research with 16 career counselors, their experiential reflections on using ERs in CCC were identified. Necessary awareness for using ERs in CCC is discussed, and the study indicates career counselors’ raised awareness regarding role understanding and a need for promoting career counselors’ emotional and narrative competences. A dual training process is suggested, combining being counseled using CCC with both theoretical and practical training along with a professional community for reflections. Practical implications and limitations are discussed, and directions for future research are suggested.
Effect of pretreatment of root dentin surface with cold atmospheric plasma on improving the bond strength of fiber post and resin cement: In vitro study
Authors: Manouchehri Neshatafarin , Ghodsi Safoura , Atri Faezeh , Sarraf Pegah , Seyedi Dorsa , Valizadeh Sara
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Achieving stable adhesion between fiber post and interradicular dentin is a challenging process in the restoration of endodontically treated teeth. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of surface pretreatment with cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on improving the bond strength between them.

Materials and methods

Forty‐eight single‐canal mandibular premolars were cut 1 mm above the cementoenamel junction to keep the root length of 14 mm or more. After endodontic treatment and preparation of the post space, the teeth were divided into four groups regarding the pretreatment of dentin surfaces, including normal saline, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), CAP, and CAP + EDTA groups. The data were analyzed using paired and independent t‐test and one‐way analysis of variance and the significance level was set at p < .05.

Results

The bond strength was significantly higher in the coronal third than in the apical third in all the groups. Moreover, the bond strength was significantly higher in the CAP + EDTA‐treated group. The bond strength increased significantly in the CAP group compared to the normal saline group. In addition, the bond strength increased significantly in the CAP or EDTA groups compared to the control group. The lowest bond strength belonged to the control group (normal saline).

Conclusion

The surface pretreatment with CAP (alone or in combination with EDTA) played a significant role in improving the bond strength of fiber post and root canal dentin.
Remotely operated robotic microscopy for rapid diagnosis of bronchoscopic cytology specimens
Authors: Naso Julia R. , Chan Jackie , Reisenauer Janani , Edell Eric S. , Stackhouse Katherine , Bungum Aaron O. , Vierkant Robert A. , Pierson Karlyn , Seidl Andrew , Sturgis Charles D. , Meroueh Chady , Huang Yajue , Hartley Christopher P.
Published: June 2023

Background

Obtaining a diagnosis and treating pulmonary malignancies during the same anesthesia requires either an on‐site pathologist or a system for remotely evaluating microscopic images. Cytology specimens are challenging to remotely assess given the need to navigate through dispersed and three‐dimensional cell clusters. Remote navigation is possible using robotic telepathology, but data are limited on the ease of use of current systems, particularly for pulmonary cytology.

Methods

Air dried modified Wright‐Giemsa stained slides from 26 touch preparations of transbronchial biopsies and 27 smears of endobronchial ultrasound guided fine needle aspirations were scored for ease of adequacy assessment and ease of diagnosis on robotic (rmtConnect Microscope) and non‐robotic telecytology platforms. Diagnostic classifications were compared between glass slides and the robotic and non‐robotic telecytology assessments.

Results

Compared to non‐robotic telecytology, robotic telecytology had a greater ease of adequacy assessment and non‐inferior ease of diagnosis. The median time to diagnosis using robotic telecytology was 85 s (range 28–190 s). Diagnostic categories were concordant for 76% of cases in robotic versus non‐robotic telecytology and 78% of cases in robotic telecytology versus glass slide diagnosis. Weighted Cohen's kappa scores for agreement in these comparisons were 0.84 and 0.72, respectively.

Conclusions

Use of a remote‐controlled robotic microscope improved the ease of adequacy assessment compared to non‐robotic telecytology and enabled strongly concordant diagnoses to be expediently rendered. This study provides evidence that modern robotic telecytology is a feasible and user‐friendly method of remotely and potentially intraoperatively rendering adequacy assessments and diagnoses on bronchoscopic cytology specimens.
Effectiveness of offloading interventions for people with diabetes‐related foot ulcers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lazzarini P. A. , Armstrong D. G. , Crews R. T. , Gooday C. , Jarl G. , Kirketerp‐Moller K. , Viswanathan V. , Bus S. A.
Published: June 2023

Background

Offloading treatment is crucial to heal diabetes‐related foot ulcers (DFU). This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of offloading interventions for people with DFU.

Methods

We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane databases, and trials registries for all studies relating to offloading interventions in people with DFU to address 14 clinical question comparisons. Outcomes included ulcers healed, plantar pressure, weight‐bearing activity, adherence, new lesions, falls, infections, amputations, quality of life, costs, cost‐effectiveness, balance, and sustained healing. Included controlled studies were independently assessed for risk of bias and had key data extracted. Meta‐analyses were performed when outcome data from studies could be pooled. Evidence statements were developed using the GRADE approach when outcome data existed.

Results

From 19,923 studies screened, 194 eligible studies were identified (47 controlled, 147 non‐controlled), 35 meta‐analyses performed, and 128 evidence statements developed. We found non‐removable offloading devices likely increase ulcers healed compared to removable offloading devices (risk ratio [RR] 1.24, 95% CI 1.09–1.41; N = 14, n = 1083), and may increase adherence, cost‐effectiveness and decrease infections, but may increase new lesions. Removable knee‐high offloading devices may make little difference to ulcers healed compared to removable ankle‐high offloading devices (RR 1.00, 0.86–1.16; N = 6, n = 439), but may decrease plantar pressure and adherence. Any offloading device may increase ulcers healed (RR 1.39, 0.89–2.18; N = 5, n = 235) and cost‐effectiveness compared to therapeutic footwear and may decrease plantar pressure and infections. Digital flexor tenotomies with offloading devices likely increase ulcers healed (RR 2.43, 1.05–5.59; N = 1, n = 16) and sustained healing compared to devices alone, and may decrease plantar pressure and infections, but may increase new transfer lesions. Achilles tendon lengthening with offloading devices likely increase ulcers healed (RR 1.10, 0.97–1.27; N = 1, n = 64) and sustained healing compared to devices alone, but likely increase new heel ulcers.

Conclusions

Non‐removable offloading devices are likely superior to all other offloading interventions to heal most plantar DFU. Digital flexor tenotomies and Achilles tendon lengthening in combination with offloading devices are likely superior for some specific plantar DFU locations. Otherwise, any offloading device is probably superior to therapeutic footwear and other non‐surgical offloading interventions to heal most plantar DFU. However, all these interventions have low‐to‐moderate certainty of evidence supporting their outcomes and more high‐quality trials are needed to improve our certainty for the effectiveness of most offloading interventions.
Comparative efficacy of growth factor therapy in healing diabetes‐related foot ulcers: A network meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Thanigaimani Shivshankar , Jin Harry , Ahmad Usama , Anbalagan Raghuveeran , Golledge Jonathan
Published: June 2023

Introduction

This study examined the relative efficacy of growth factor therapies in healing diabetes‐related foot ulcers (DFU).

Methods

PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched for randomized controlled trials testing growth factor therapies for treating DFU. The primary outcome was complete wound closure. Results were reported as relative risk (RR) ± 95% credible intervals (CrI). The risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane's RoB‐2 tool.

Results

A total of 31 RCTs involving 2174 participants were included. Only 13 of the trials (n = 924) reported on the aetiology of the ulcers (85.4% neuropathic and 14.6% ischaemic). Epidermal growth factor (RR 3.83; 95% CrI 1.81, 9.10), plasma‐rich protein (PRP) (RR 3.36; 95% CrI 1.66, 8.03) and platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) (RR 2.47; 95% CrI 1.23, 5.17) significantly improved the likelihood of complete ulcer healing compared to control. Sub‐analyses suggested that PRP (3 trials ‐ RR 9.69; 95% CrI 1.37, 103.37) and PDGF (6 trials ‐ RR 2.22; 95% CrI 1.12, 5.19) significantly improved the likelihood of wound closure amongst trial mainly recruiting participants with neuropathic ulcers. Eleven trials had a low risk of bias, 9 had some concerns and 11 had a high risk of bias. Sub‐analysis of trials with a low risk of bias suggested that none of the growth factors significantly improved ulcer healing compared with control.

Discussion

This network meta‐analysis found low‐quality evidence that Epidermal growth factor, PRP and PDGF therapy improved DFU healing likelihood compared with control. Larger well‐designed trials are needed.
Defense behavior of two closely related but geographically distant host species against cuckoo parasitism: A next test for the parallel coevolution
Authors: Trnka Alfréd , Ma Laikun , Yan Hanlin , Wang Longwu , Liang Wei
Published: June 2023

Interactions between avian brood parasites, such as common cuckoos (Cuculus canorus), and their hosts are one of the best‐studied examples of the coevolutionary arms race. Different stages of this arms race can be seen in different races of common cuckoos and their hosts across their range. However, little is known whether selected populations of two closely related but geographically distant species with probably different coevolutionary histories with the common cuckoo are also at different stages of the arms race. In this study, we tested this prediction experimentally using the same non‐mimetic model eggs and three‐dimensional (3D) printed models of the gray adult common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus). We examined egg recognition and egg rejection and aggression against the common cuckoo in the great reed warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) and Oriental reed warbler (Acrocephalus orientalis), in Slovakia of Europe and northeast China of Asia. The results showed that the great reed warbler exhibited stronger responses to experimental model eggs and 3D models of the common cuckoo than the Oriental reed warbler. We conclude that both the great reed warbler and Oriental reed warbler have well‐developed antiparasitic behaviors against common cuckoos in the studied populations, but with different levels of defense intensity, which may be due to local differences in parasitic pressure and the risk of parasitism. This provides an opportunity to study coevolutionary processes between the brood parasite and its hosts together in both species at large geographical scales.
Enabling robust environmental DNA assay design with “unikseq” for the identification of taxon‐specific regions within whole mitochondrial genomes
Authors: Allison Michael J. , Warren René L. , Lopez M. Louie , Acharya‐Patel Neha , Imbery Jacob J. , Coombe Lauren , Yang Cecilia L. , Birol Inanc , Helbing Caren C.
Published: June 2023

Environmental DNA (eDNA) is revolutionizing species monitoring in nature. At the heart of any eDNA approach is the reliance upon sufficient DNA sequence information to satisfy the demands of eDNA assay specificity and sensitivity. The most common source of this information has been restricted to short barcoding regions of the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) and marker genes. The use of these limited regions for assay design has often resulted in substantial trade‐offs in assay performance. With increased accessibility of full mitogenome assemblies, the potential for designing more robust eDNA assays is considerably enhanced. However, this also poses a new challenge to effectively identify suitable regions for assay design using considerably larger sequences. We present unikseq, a utility that uses words of length k (k‐mers) to identify unique regions in a reference sequence relative to tolerated (ingroup) and not‐tolerated (outgroup or non‐target) sequence sets, quickly and with low memory that can yield highly specific assays. We illustrate its application within an assay development workflow through use‐case examples for the design and validation of four quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)‐based assays selective for American bullfrog (Rana [Lithobates] catesbeiana), Burbot (Lota lota), Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), and Quillback rockfish (Sebastes maliger). The chosen target species vary in range, habitat, and degree of relatedness to their sympatric species that, consequently, impact eDNA assay design difficulty. We demonstrate the effectiveness of unikseq through assay validation and characterization using DNA from voucher specimens, synthetic DNA, and, where possible, field samples, to verify the specificity and sensitivity of the newly designed assays. By facilitating whole mitogenome sequence comparison, the creation of high‐performing eDNA assays is substantially enhanced. Having several adjustable parameters for specifying user requirements within unikseq, this approach can facilitate the identification of suitable regions for a broad range of applications requiring nucleotide sequence comparisons.
New evidence for crustal reworking and juvenile arc‐magmatism during the Palaeoproterozoic Eburnean events in the Suhum Basin, South‐east Ghana
Authors: Amponsah Prince Ofori , Kwayisi Daniel , Awunyo Emmanuel Kwaku , Sapah Marian Selorm , Sakyi Patrick Asamoah , Su Ben‐Xun , Lu Yinghuai , Nude Prosper M.
Published: June 2023

Contrary to what is currently known, archetypal zircon samples from gneisses and intrusive leucogranites in the Palaeoproterozoic Suhum Basin, SE Ghana, suggest the involvement of Neoarchean crustal material in the formation of the Palaeoproterozoic juvenile crust of the Birimian terranes in Ghana. The zircons dated using U–Pb dating methods and subjected to Lu–Hf isotopic analysis suggest that crustal‐forming events from different contemporaneous magmatic episodes within the Suhum Basin took place over a time interval of 139 Ma from 2224 to 2085 Ma. Whole‐rock Lu–Hf data obtained for the gneissic and leucogranitic rocks gave model ages (TDM2) ranging from 2789 to 2456 Ma with ɛHf(t) values ranging from −1.1 to +5.4. These model ages imply that the magmas that formed these rocks were sourced from the early Palaeoproterozoic juvenile mantle with substantial Neoarchean crustal reworking.
Recalibrating Bioethics for the Reality of Interdependence: The Challenge of Collective‐Impact Problems
Authors: Solomon Mildred Z.
Published: June 2023

Bioethics in the twenty‐first century is confronting what one might call “collective‐impact problems.” The ethics guidance and policies that are developed to address these kinds of problems will affect not only individuals but everyone living and future generations too. With many collective‐impact problems, all parties will eventually be worse off if there is a failure to develop solutions to head off damage to the shared environment. However, the effects are not felt equally throughout and across societies; some groups are hit far worse. To address collective‐impact problems, bioethics needs to recalibrate. Our field, and especially American bioethics, should find a better balance between individual rights and the best interests of the group, develop more robust tools for examining structural inequities that damage people's health and well‐being, and study how to engage the public in learning about and shaping ethics guidance for these complex problems.
Effectiveness of online HIV treatment services in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Han Jing , Zhang Hanxi , Su Ye , Zhang Fujie
Published: June 2023

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic has created challenges with respect to HIV care services. Remote online services might provide an effective method for health service delivery to people living with HIV (PLHIV). Few studies have focused on the efficacy of telemedical services for PLHIV and the effect of antiretroviral treatment via online services in China.

Methods

We developed a platform called the “No. 8 Health” for online antiretroviral drug collection and delivery services in Beijing from January 21 to June 30, 2022. We evaluated the online treatment service according to viral load suppression rates and compared differences in social characteristics between PLHIV who received antiretroviral drugs through online or offline treatment services.

Results

By June 2022, 9528 PLHIV had received outpatient treatment services, among which 44.6% (4031/9528) used the online treatment and drug delivery services for a total of 5590 person‐times. The satisfaction rate was 100%. Rates of viral load suppression among PLHIV who initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 2020 and 2021 were 96.4% and 93.1%, respectively. Results showed that the viral load suppression rate was 97.9%. Regarding HIV rapid self‐testing, 4513 men who have sex with men used the online HIV rapid testing service. The number of users was approximately the same as in 2021, but both were slightly lower than those in 2020.

Conclusion

This study was the first to evaluate the effect of online drug collection and delivery services and virologic outcomes among PLHIV in China. The online service helped with maintenance of ART services, but the COVID‐19 pandemic still had some impacts on viral load suppression.
Post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disease in children, adolescents, and young adults
Authors: Gross Thomas G. , Rubinstein Jeremy D.
Published: June 2023

Post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) remains a major complication of transplantation. PTLD is a rare entity and very heterogenous making consensus on diagnosis and treatment very challenging. The majority are Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) driven, CD20+ B‐cell proliferations. PTLD does occur following hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), but due to the relative short risk period and efficacy of pre‐emptive therapy, PTLD following HSCT will not be discussed in this review. This review will focus on the epidemiology, role of EBV, clinical presentation, diagnosis and evaluation and the current and emerging treatment strategies for pediatric PTLD following solid organ transplantation.
Peripheral T‐cell lymphomas
Authors: Broccoli Alessandro , Zinzani Pier Luigi
Published: June 2023

The treatment of peripheral T‐cell lymphomas is challenging, as they often display a severe prognosis and lack effective treatment strategies. We will try to answer three burning questions: can we differentiate the initial treatment based on the histotype and the clinical presentation of peripheral T‐cell lymphoma patients? Do we require an autologous stem cell transplantation in all patients? Is there room for improvement in the setting of relapsed and refractory disease?
Cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma—Focus on some problems, and some solutions
Authors: Beltraminelli Helmut
Published: June 2023

Cutaneous lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of several distinct entities of lymphoproliferative diseases. The diagnosis of a cutaneous lymphoma is a challenge, and it is always the result of a careful analysis of several information's consisting of clinical history, clinical picture, histological and molecular analyses. For this reason, experts taking care of patients with a skin lymphoma need to know all the peculiar diagnostic elements very well, in order not to run into mistakes. In this article, we will focus the discussion on some issues as the skin biopsy (when and where). In addition, we will discuss the approach to the erythrodermic patient, whose differential diagnoses include mycosis fungoides, and Sézary syndrome, beside more frequent inflammatory conditions. Finally, we will address the issue of quality of life and the possible support of the suffering patient with a cutaneous lymphoma, well knowing that the current therapeutic possibilities are unfortunately limited.
Allergen‐specific immunotherapy by recombinant Der P1 allergen‐derived peptide‐based vaccine in an allergic mouse model
Authors: Asoudeh Moghanloo Soheila , Forouzanfar Mohsen , Jafarinia Mojtaba , Fazlollahi Mohammad R. , Kardar Gholam Ali
Published: June 2023

Aim

Increased IgE levels have made house dust mite allergens one of the most frequent causes of allergies worldwide. Treatment reduces the IgE antibodies and types two cytokines, namely interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) and IL‐13. Although existing treatments significantly reduce IgE or IL‐4/IL‐13, they are very costly. This study aimed to construct a recombinant protein derived from rDer p1 peptides in the form of an immunotherapy approach and to measure the response of IgE and IgG antibodies.

Methods

The proteins were isolated, purified, and evaluated using the SDS‐PAGE and Bradford test and confirmed by using Western blot. To evaluate immunotherapy efficiency, 24 BALB/C mice were sensitized intraperitoneally with house dust mites (HDM) adsorbed to Aluminum hydroxide (Alum) and randomly divided into four groups of six: control sensitized, HDM extract, rDer p1, and DpTTDp vaccine. To immunization, four groups of random mice were each treated with phosphate‐buffered saline, 100 μg of rDer p1 protein, DpTTDp, or HDM extract, every 3 days. Direct ELISA determined HDM‐specific IgG and IgE subclasses. Data were analyzed in SPSS and Graph pad prism software. Values of p < .05 were considered significant.

Results

After immunization of mice, the rDer P1 and recombinant vaccine like HDM extract increased IgG antibody titer and decreased IgE‐dependent reactivity in allergic mice to rDer P1. Also, the levels of inflammatory IL‐4 and IL‐13 cytokines as allergic stimulants decreased.

Conclusion

The use of present available recombinant proteins is considered a viable, cost‐effective, and long‐term option for providing effective HDM allergy immunotherapy vaccines without side effects.
Safety and efficacy of direct percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy placement in patients with previous upper gastrointestinal resection: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Colletier Keegan , Toy Greg , Freeman Ryan , Dixon Robert , Morris John , Sossenheimer Michael , Fang John
Published: June 2023

Background

Percutaneous jejunal enteral access can be obtained with percutaneous endoscopic gastric jejunostomy (PEGJ) and direct percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy (DPEJ) tubes. PEGJ may not be feasible in patients with previous gastric resection (PGR) and DPEJ may be the only option. Our aim is to determine if DPEJ tubes can be placed successfully in patients with history of gastrointestinal (GI) surgery and if success rates are comparable to DPEJ or PEGJ in those without prior GI surgery.

Methods

We reviewed all tube placements performed from 2010 to present. Procedures were performed using a pediatric colonoscope. Previous upper GI surgery was defined as PGR or esophagectomy with gastric pull‐up. Adverse events (AEs) were graded per American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy criteria. Mild events included unplanned medical consultation or hospitalization <3 days, and moderate events included repeat endoscopy without surgical intervention.

Results

Successful placement rates were high regardless of GI surgical history. Patients receiving a DPEJ with a history of GI surgery were significantly less likely to experience an AE compared with those receiving DPEJ with no history and compared with PEGJ patients with or without a history.

Conclusions

DPEJ placement in patients with previous upper GI surgery has very high success rate. It is associated with lower AE rates than patients receiving DPEJ without previous gastric surgery, or PEGJ regardless of previous gastric surgery. Patients with a history of upper GI surgery requiring enteral access may benefit from DPEJ over PEGJ placement considering its very high success rate and lower incidence of AEs.
All Optically Switchable Active Photonics Based on the Halide Perovskite GST Platform
Authors: Kushchenko Olga M. , Gets Dmitry S. , Rybin Mikhail V. , Yavsin Denis A. , Makarov Sergey V. , Shishkin Ivan I. , Sinelnik Artem D.
Published: June 2023

Halide perovskites are a class of semiconductors with strong direct interband transition and high mobility of charge carriers resulting in bright luminescence, which can be easily tuned chemically in a broad spectral range. Moreover, perovskites can be synthesized by means of simple wet chemistry approaches on arbitrary surfaces, opening new avenues for perovskites integration with a plethora of other functional materials. Here, this work reports on a versatile platform for reversible switching of halide perovskite's optical properties enabled by high‐index phase‐change materials (Ge‐Sb‐Te) serving as an active subnanolayer, which controls the perovskite film's behavior. Based on this approach, this work demonstrates micro‐QR‐coding and switchable bright emission, whose wavelength can be adjusted in the whole visible range.