bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
I IDENTIFIKASI BAHAYA DAN PENILAIAN RISIKO (IBPR) PADA AKTIVITAS LOADING OVERBURDEN DI PT X KABUPATEN MUARA ENIM PROVINSI SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Isnaeni Kemas Moh. Ade , Sella Sella , Adiwarman Mirza , Sepriadi Sepriadi , Cahyadi Roby
Published: January 2025

PT X merupakan salah satu kontraktor pertambangan di Indonesia yang dimana pada proses produksinya menggunakan alat berat dan peralatan lainnya. Identifikasi bahaya dan Penilaian Risiko merupakan sebuah metode atau teknik yang di gunakan untuk mengidentifikasi kejadian atau kondisi yang memiliki potensi risiko bahaya. Metode ini melibatkan penilaian risiko dengan menggunakan matriks penilaian risiko pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode secara kualitatif yang dimana peneliti menggali data dengan melakukan Observasi Lapangan, wawancara dan Studi Literatur. Adapun identifikasi bahaya yang di temukan peneliti di PT X sebanyak 12 potensi bahaya pada kegiatan loading overburden setelah di temukannya potensi bahaya tersebut dilakukan penilaian risiko bedasarkan AS/NZS 4360: 2004 dengan menggunakan dua parameter perhitungan likelihood dan consequence yang dimana hasil tersebut di masukkan ke tabel risk matriks bertujuan agar mengetahui tingkat risiko Adapun Upaya pengendalian bahaya dan risiko dengan penerapan menggunakan metode Hirarki pengendalian risiko dan bahaya meliputi eliminasi, subtitusi, rekayasa teknis, adiministrasi dan alat perlindung diri bertujuan untuk menurunkan tingkat risiko dan bahaya menuju titik aman.
Dynamic Study of Multilayered Adsorption Column for Fluoride Removal Using Aspen Adsim
Authors: korai Junaid
Published: January 2025

Groundwater is the primary drinking water source for many rural communities in Pakistan. However, it often contains natural pollutants, such as fluoride, which can be toxic. The WHO sets the safe fluoride limit in water at 1-1.5 mg/L; levels above this can lead to health issues like fluorosis. Globally, approximately 200 million people are affected by fluorosis. In Pakistan, the Tharparker and Chachro regions have fluoride concentrations as high as 28.25 mg/L. Among various techniques developed for fluoride removal, adsorption is considered the most promising due to its cost-effectiveness and simplicity in design and operation. Although numerous adsorbents have been developed, commercialization is limited as most studies remain at the laboratory scale. This study used Aspen ADSIM, a process simulation and modeling tool, to develop and optimize single and multi-layered adsorption columns for fluoride removal from groundwater. Three adsorbents were tested: activated alumina, china clay, and zeolite. Parametric investigations, including inlet feed concentration and bed column height, were conducted through several simulations. Results indicate that these parameters significantly affect the adsorption column’s performance. The multi-layered adsorption column demonstrated excellent performance for large-scale applications and commercialization potential. Practical implementation requires further experimental and economic analysis.
Phenotypic Variabilities in Strain and Sex of Two-Broiler Chickens at Different Ages
Authors: O. F. Akinyemi, , A. J. Atansuyi, , O. A. Adu, , C. A. Chineke,
Published: January 2025

Owing to the growing number of animal breed development centres around the world and the profitability of their production, comparative studies to evaluate superior strain and sex performance in breeders became an important endeavour for researchers. Hence, this study was designed to evaluate the effects of strain and sex on body weight and linear body morphometric traits of 2-broiler chickens during the starter and finisher phases. Arbor-Acre and Cobb-500 chicks (n=192) were raised under controlled conditions and monitored over 56 days. Weekly measurements of body weight and linear body traits were recorded. Data subjected to multivariate analysis using the SPSS package revealed that strain significantly (p<0.05) influenced growth, with Arbor-Acre broilers exhibiting superior body weight performance, particularly during the starter phase, weighing 799.50g compared to 669.11g for Cobb-500. This result implied that selecting for improved growth performance during the starter phase (week four) was an important consideration for breeding farms. However, the sex and age factors, as well as the linear body traits in both strains, yielded similar economic results at 8 weeks. Male broilers consistently outperformed their female counterparts in body morphometric traits during both phases. The sex-based differences observed in this study varied across developmental stages, emphasizing the importance of sexual dimorphism in broiler management. These findings recommended that strain and sex were important factors to consider in optimizing broiler production, providing critical insights for broiler breeders and farmers to enhance production efficiency through strategic selection of strains, sex, and other environmental factors.
Exploring the Effect of School-Community Relationship on Students’ Academic Performance
Authors: A. K. Damwah,
Published: January 2025

Studies have often investigated the factors affecting students’ academic performance, identifying factors such as school infrastructure, instructional quality, student-teacher involvement and students’ learning habits. Yet the extent to which school-community interaction influences students’ academic performance has received relatively less academic attention. This study examines how school-community relationships impact students' academic achievement, focusing on community engagement in school management and its influence on Junior High School (JHS) students' academic performance. Utilizing a qualitative case study design with 60 participants, data was collected through focus group discussions and interviews. The findings indicate low community involvement in school management, largely due to ineffective communication, insufficient funding, and poor school leadership. The study contributes to the theoretical understanding of school-community partnerships by emphasizing their direct impact on academic outcomes. The study recommends prioritizing policies that encourage community involvement, improving communication between schools and communities, and securing adequate resources for school projects.
An Analytical Study on Opportunities and Challenges towards Implementation of Industry 4.0 Tools for Manufacturing SMEs in Karnataka
Authors: Samapika Satapathy
Published: January 2025

In the era of Industry 4.0, there is a significant shift in manufacturing paradigms, offering substantial opportunities for operational efficiency, product quality, and supply chain integration. However, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Karnataka face numerous challenges in adopting these advanced technologies. This study investigates the readiness and capacity of manufacturing SMEs in Karnataka to implement Industry 4.0 tools, focusing on financial capacity, workforce skills, infrastructure support, and comparative regional analysis. Data were collected from ten SMEs through structured questionnaires and discussions with officials, supplemented by secondary data from books, research papers, journals, annual reports, and websites. The data were analyzed using SPSS software, employing descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and ANOVA. The findings reveal moderate to strong correlations between financial capacity, workforce skills, and infrastructure support, highlighting the interconnected nature of these factors. Despite uniform challenges across industries, Karnataka's SMEs demonstrate a high level of readiness and capacity for digital transformation, suggesting that broad-based initiatives could effectively support their adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies. The study provides actionable insights for policymakers and business leaders to facilitate the successful implementation of these advanced manufacturing tools.
Employee Retention and motivation: The effectiveness of Performance Appraisals in Modern Organisations
Authors: Shailendra Kumar Rai
Published: January 2025

A key component of HR management is evaluating performance, which benefits staff members by achieving organizational targets and awarding incentives. This study examined performance in a contemporary organization emphasizing employee motivation and openness. According to the report, employee motivation and retention may be impacted by the sectors' management evaluation practices. Employees must implement smart work habits, learn about workplace evaluation techniques, and be conscious of their JD and Key performance indicators (KPI) to handle this. To ensure employee retention and a favourable influence on company goals and objectives, a new assessment approach that combines the Human Resource expense accounting technique with 360-degree appraisal may be implemented. Companies may accomplish their objectives and targets by transforming the effect of staff productivity into financial advantages.
EVALUASI UNJUK KERJA KOMPRESOR SCREW CSM60 DI UNIT BOILER PPSDM MIGAS CEPU
Authors: Ilham Ageng Irawan  , Aji Ferro
Published: January 2025

Kompresor screw merupakan komponen utama dalam pneumatic system yang digunakan di Kilang Pusat Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia (PPSDM) Migas Cepu. Evaluasi unjuk kerja kompresor ini menjadi penting untuk memastikan operasional yang efisien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi unjuk kerja kompresor screw CSM60 di unit boiler PPSDM Migas Cepu, dengan fokus pada perhitungan kapasitas dan daya yang terjadi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengumpulan data desain kompresor screw CSM60 dari produsen dan data aktual dari pengoperasian kompresor di unit boiler. Data tersebut kemudian dibandingkan dan dianalisis untuk mengidentifikasi perbedaan yang terjadi. Perhitungan dilakukan untuk menentukan penurunan kapasitas, yaitu perbedaan antara data desain dengan kapasitas aktual yang tercatat. Selain itu, penurunan daya juga dihitung sebagai perbedaan antara daya data desain dengan daya aktual yang diamati. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan adanya penurunan kapasitas sebesar 16,92% dan penurunan daya sebesar 47,8% pada kompresor screw CSM60 dibandingkan dengan data desain. Penurunan tersebut dapat disebabkan oleh faktor kebutuhan operasi. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa tindakan perawatan diperlukan untuk mengoptimalkan kinerja kompresor screw dan memastikan bahwa data aktual sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Evaluasi unjuk kerja kompresor screw CSM60 ini memberikan wawasan yang berguna bagi operator unit boiler PPSDM Migas Cepu dalam memahami performa kompresor dan perbedaan antara data desain dan data aktual.
EVALUASI UNJUK KERJA POMPA SENTRIFUGAL P-1602 DI CENTRAL PROCESSING PLANT GUNDIH CEPU
Authors: Damayanti Septia , Ayende Ayende
Published: January 2025

PT. Pertamina EP Asset 4 Field Cepu Central Processing Plant (CPP) Gundih menggunakan beberapa equipment untuk menunjang proses di plant, salah satunya adalah pompa. Pompa merupa-kan alat mekanik yang digunakan untuk memindahkan fluida dari satu tempat ke tempat yang lain dengan menambahkan tekanan. Pemakaian secara terus menerus dan dengan waktu yang lama akan mengakibatkan penurunan kinerja pompa dan pompa tidak akan maksimal dalam pendistribusiannya. Untuk menjaga agar performa pompa tetap optimal, maka perlu dilakukan evaluasi pada pompa. Pompa sentrifugal P-1602 pada pembahasan penelitian ini berfungsi untuk mengalirkan fluida dari tangki T-1602 ke Unit Demin Water Treatment Package (PE-1801). Dalam pelaksanaan penelitian ini dilakukan dengan berberapa tahapan. Pertama dilakukan pengambilan data aktual seperti tekanan, temperature, kapasitas, dan lain sebagainya. Kemudian mengolah data dan membadingkan dari hasil pengolahan data aktual dengan data desain. Dari hasil penelitian, pompa sentrifugal P-1602 memiliki head aktual 3.88 m. Efisisensi pompa diperoleh 23%. Dibandingkan dengan data desain yang di-peroleh pompa sentrifugal P-1602 mengalami penurunan efisisensi sebesar 31% dari 54% ke 23%. Namun head pompa masih sangat mencukupi kebutuhan operasi pada plant.
STUDI LABORATORIUM EFEKTIVITAS HOLE CLEANING DENGAN PENGAPLIKASIAN FOAM MUD PADA PEMBORAN PANAS BUMI
Authors: Tobing Blessgiu Art Daniel Lumban , Purnomosidi Purnomosidi , Suranta Bambang Yudho , Purba Edyson , Sutresno Wahyu
Published: January 2025

Saat menghadapi zona total loss circulation pada kegiatan pemboran panas bumi, tekanan hidrostatis akan lebih besar daripada tekanan formasi sehinggga cutting tidak bisa terangkat ke permukaan yang akan menyebabkan terjadinya potensi masalah seperti stuck pipe. Pada trayek 12,25 umumnya diterapkan metode aerated drilling dimana metode pemboran dengan mencampurkan udara ke dalam base mud agar tekanan hidrostatis lumpur dapat lebih kecil dari tekanan formasi. Keberhasilan aerated drilling juga dipengaruhi oleh penerapan foam sebagai suspensi dalam meningkatkan hole cleaning di trayek 12,25. Penelitian ini akan membahas efektivitas foam pada aerated mud ketika menghadapi zona di trayek 12,25. Untuk mencapai hole cleaning yang efektif, foam mud dengan VIS 70 sec/quart direkomendasikan dikarenakan seiring naiknya viskositas, maka densitas lumpur akan semakin ringan dimana cutting akan lebih mudah untuk tersirkulasi secara leluasa. Namun, untuk mencapai cutting suspension yang optimal, foam mud dengan VIS 30 sec/qt telah terbukti secara uji lab dalam mengontrol cutting agar tidak serta merta turun di bottom hole akibat peningkatan foam yang signifikan seiring menurunnya level viskositas.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN EFISIENSI FURNACE F-14- 001 MELALUI PENGURANGAN PENGGUNAAN FUEL GAS DENGAN METODE HEAT ABSORBED DAN HEAT LOSS DI UNIT HVU II PT. X
Authors: Hartono Ajeng Ar Rayhaani Cindy , Adelia Chika , Ardhana Muhammad Jaggu , Hakikie Refuji Nur , Sriana Tun
Published: January 2025

Unit High Vacuum Unit (HVU) II di PT. X berfungsi untuk memisahkan fraksi-fraksi berdasarkan perbedaan trayek didih dan tekanan vakum. Furnace F-14-001 adalah salah satu peralatan utama dalam unit ini yang berperan penting dalam meningkatkan suhu long residue ke suhu operasi yang diinginkan. Proses pemanasan dalam Furnace F-14-001 menggunakan panas hasil dari pembakaran dual fuel, yaitu fuel gas dan fuel oil. Berdasarkan data design Inlet Temperature (CIT) sebesar 148-272℃ dan Outlet Temperature (COT) sebesar 350-418℃. Setelah dilakukan pengamatan didapatkan nilai CIT dan COT sebesar 244,50-469,40℃ dan 345,80-654,80℃. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi Furnace F-14-001 berkisar 83,98% hingga 88,77%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dengan mengurangi penggunaan fuel, khususnya fuel gas. Hasil optimasi menunjukkan bahwa fuel oil dapat digunakan sebesar 3 T/D, sedangkan fuel gas dapat diminimalkan hingga 3,25% lebih kecil dari penggunaan rata-rata bulan Januari 2023. Dengan demikian, total biaya konsumsi penggunaan bahan bakar dapat dihemat hingga 14,2% yaitu sebesar Rp. 25.952.448.053,238 per tahun. Hal ini menandakan perlunya penyesuaian lebih lanjut untuk mencapai kinerja optimal furnace dan efisiensi energi yang lebih baik.
OPTIMALISASI KINERJA HEAT EXCHANGER-02 PUSAT PENGEMBANGAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA MINYAK DAN GAS BUMI (PPSDM MIGAS CEPU)
Authors: Musyaffa Abdurrahman Faiz , Hifdzia Naila , Hutabalian Bungka Rico , Sriana Tun
Published: January 2025

Pada sebuah pengolahan minyak dan gas, heat exchanger digunakan untuk perpindahan panas dari fluida temperatur tinggi antara fluida temperatur rendah. PPSDM Migas Cepu mempunyai 5 Heat Exchanger yang memiliki fungsi sebagai pre-heater crude oil dengan memanfaatkan panas dari produk distilasi sebelum masuk ke furnace. Salah satu heat exchanger dievaluasi kinerja lalu dioptimasi untuk meningkatkan kinerjanya yaitu HE-02 dengan menggunakan metode Kern. Heat exchanger ini menggunakan jenis aliran counter current. Hasil perhitungan evaluasi penelitian ini terdapat 5 variabel yaitu nilai efisiensi termal yang dihasilkan kelima variabel yaitu kurang dari 100%. Adapun hasil nilai pressure drop didapatkan pada shell dan pada tube memiliki nilai yang lebih kecil dari batas nilai maksimum yang diperbolehkan untuk beroperasi yaitu 10 psi. Sedangkan hasil nilai dirt factor didapatkan lebih dari batas nilai maksimum yang diperbolehkan beroperasi yaitu 0,005 BTU/hr.ft2.℉. Dari perhitungan didapatkan nilai efisiensi dari HE-02 paling besar sebesar 36,687%. Berdasarkan perhitungan evaluasi tersebut HE-02 perlu dilakukan optimalisasi kinerja HE-02 dengan peningkatan flowrate fluida dingin yaitu crude oil. Dengan pengoptimalisasi ini didapatkan nilai efisiensi pada HE-02 meningkat menjadi 40,356%. Untuk lebih meningkatkan nilai efisiensi HE-02 diperlukan perawatan pada HE-02 dan peralatan sekitar HE-02.
ANALISA KUALITAS CEMENTING DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE CEMENT BOND LOG DAN PADA TRAYEK 17-1/2 CASING 13-3/8 DI SUMUR CAB LAPANGAN UBL
Authors: Batmomolin Cindy Alexanderin , Suranta Bambang Yudho
Published: January 2025

Analisa Bond Index adalah metode yang digunakan untuk mengetahui kualitas penyemenan yang dilakukan suatu sumur dengan menghitung nilai Bond Index berdasarkan hasil review logging Cement Bond Log. Analisa tersebut sangat penting untuk dilakukan sebelum suatu sumur berproduksi, dikarenakan jika nilai Bond Index buruk maka akan berpotensi terakumulasinya fluida kedalam proses produksi dan tentunya akan mempengaruhi integritas sumur dan keamanan sumur, oleh karena itu penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisa kualitas cementing di sumur CAB. Ada beberapa tahapan yang harus dilakukan untuk menganalisa bond index diantaranya menentukan nilai CBL, menentukan nilai attenuation rate, mencari nilai Bond Index setiap kedalaman kemudian menganalisa hasil nilai Bond Index. Dari hasil Analisa ini didapatkan nilai Bond Index yang good bonding pada kedalaman 348-350, 390-392, dan 243-245 meter. Selain itu didapatkan nilai Bond Index yang Poor Bonding di kedalaman 120-140, 45- 58, 145-150. Oleh karena itu berdasarkan hasil Analisa Bond Index pada trayek 17-1/2 ini perlu dilakukan remedial cementing untuk mencegah terjadinya korosi atau masalah dan untuk menjaga integritas sumur dan keamanan selama proses produksi.
MEKANISME DAN PERAWATAN DRAWWORKS DALAM SISTEM PENGANGKATAN RIG PENGEBORAN
Authors: Zulkarnain Gamal , Suranta Bambang Yudho , Kendek Yohanes
Published: January 2025

Drawworks adalah komponen penting dalam rig pengeboran yang digunakan untuk mengangkat dan menurunkan pipa bor. Terdapat beberapa jenis drawworks, termasuk drawworks mekanis, listrik, dan hidraulik, masing-masing dengan karakteristik dan kegunaannya sendiri. Drawworks mekanis menggunakan mesin diesel atau bensin, sementara drawworks listrik menggunakan motor AC atau DC. Drawworks hidraulik menawarkan kontrol yang halus dan presisi, dengan varian seperti Automated Drawworks Systems (ADS) dan Active Heave Drawworks (AHD) yang dirancang untuk operasi offshore. Proses reeving dan pengangkatan beban melibatkan pengaturan tali pengeboran melalui crown block dan traveling block untuk meningkatkan kekuatan angkat. Sistem transmisi drawworks memungkinkan driller mengatur kecepatan dan tenaga sesuai kebutuhan operasi, mirip dengan transmisi manual pada mobil. Kecepatan dan rasio penggerak pada drum drawworks diatur melalui kopling penggerak, dengan pilihan kopling drum tinggi untuk kecepatan cepat dan kopling drum rendah untuk daya tarik besar. Active Heave Drawworks (AHD) menggunakan motor AC untuk kontrol kecepatan presisi dan kompensasi gerakan, meningkatkan efisiensi dan keselamatan operasi pengeboran offshore. Pemeliharaan dan penyesuaian sistem rem drawworks melibatkan pemeriksaan rutin blok rem, flensa, dan pita, serta penyesuaian penyeimbang dan tegangan pegas. Rem cakram dan rem eddy menawarkan efisiensi dan keandalan lebih tinggi dibandingkan rem pita mekanis, dengan kaliper hidrolik dan sistem induksi elektromagnetik untuk pengereman yang lebih efektif. Panduan pemeliharaan sistem pendingin dan pelumasan drawworks mencakup pemeriksaan laju aliran dan tekanan air, pelumasan pompa air dan bantalan, serta pemeriksaan level oli dan sistem pelumasan oli. Pemeliharaan rutin ini memastikan drawworks beroperasi dengan lancar dan efisien, mengurangi risiko kerusakan dan meningkatkan keselamatan operasi pengeboran.
IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM KEAMANAN UNTUK MENDETEKSI GERAKAN BERBASIS IOT MENGGUNAKAN ESP32 -CAM
Authors: Antoro Lilo Pringgo , Rizal Alfian Istighfarur , Wardhana Asepta Surya , Muhtadi M.Zaky Zaim
Published: January 2025

Di tengah meningkatnya kebutuhan akan solusi keamanan yang efisien dan terjangkau, terutama untuk rumah tangga dan usaha kecil menengah, sistem ini menawarkan pendekatan inovatif dalam pemantauan dan notifikasi keamanan real-time. Tujuan utama penelitian adalah merancang, mengembangkan, dan mengevaluasi efektivitas sistem yang mampu mendeteksi gerakan, mengambil gambar, dan mengirimkan notifikasi secara otomatis. Metodologi penelitian meliputi perancangan hardware menggunakan ESP32-CAM sebagai unit pemrosesan dan pengambilan gambar utama, sensor ultrasonik HCSR04 untuk deteksi gerakan, serta integrasi perangkat lunak melalui Arduino IDE. Sistem ini juga memanfaatkan API Bot Telegram untuk pengiriman notifikasi real-time melalui Telegram. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sistem ini memiliki tingkat akurasi deteksi sebesar 98% dengan waktu respons rata-rata 3,5 detik dari deteksi hingga pengiriman notifikasi. Sistem terbukti efektif dalam mendeteksi gerakan pada berbagai jarak hingga 4 meter dan dalam berbagai kondisi pencahayaan, dengan hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa objek berhasil terdeteksi dan gambar berhasil dikirim ke pengguna melalui notifikasi Telegram secara real-time. Sistem keamanan ini diharapkan dapat menjadi solusi yang terjangkau dan mudah diimplementasikan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan keamanan rumah tangga dan usaha kecil menengah.
SISTEM PEMANTAU SUHU DAN KELEMBAPAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN EFISIENSI PADA GUDANG PENYIMPANAN
Authors: Tapala Citra N. Dg , Wardhana Asepta Surya
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini membahas penerapan sistem pemantauan suhu dan kelembapan berbasis teknologi Internet of Things (IoT) pada gudang penyimpanan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi penyimpanan barang. Dengan menggunakan Arduino Uno dan sensor DHT11, sistem ini mampu memberikan pengukuran suhu dan kelembapan secara real-time. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sistem pemantauan yang dikembangkan berhasil menjaga kondisi lingkungan di dalam gudang pada tingkat yang optimal, sehingga mengurangi risiko kerusakan barang akibat fluktuasi suhu dan kelembapan. Sistem ini juga diuji untuk ketahanannya selama 24 jam, menunjukkan stabilitas dan keandalannya dalam pemantauan lingkungan penyimpanan. Implementasi teknologi ini dapat memberikan kontribusi signifikan terhadap peningkatan efisiensi penyimpanan dan menjaga kualitas barang di gudang.
SPESIFIKASI DAN INTERPRETASI SALES GAS DI PT. XYZ
Authors: Hifdzia Naila , Persada Asa Aditya
Published: January 2025

Gas bumi atau gas alam merupakan bahan bakar dari fosil yang terbentuk cukup lama dan diperoleh dari proses reaksi kimia dari tumbuhan dan makhluk hidup jutaan tahun yang lalu dan berubah menjadi gas akibat tekanan tinggi di bawah kerak bumi. Kandungan unsur utama dari gas alam adalah Metana dan beberapa unsur lain dengan jumlah yang cukup sedikit, seperti etana, propana, butana, belerang, dan helium. Spesifikasi dan interpretasi sales gas penting untuk memastikan bahwa gas alam yang dijual aman, efisien, dan sesuai dengan standar kualitas yang ditetapkan. Mengingat pentingnya mengetahui spesifikasi dan interpretasi produk sales gas maka perusahaan yang berada di Jawa Tengah selalu berusaha memastikan bahwa produk gas yang dihasilkan akan memenuhi standar emisi dan persyaratan lingkungan yang ditetapkan. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis spesifikasi dan interpretasi produk gas di PT. XYZ dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas dari produksi gas, memastikan kesesuaiian terhadap standar industri, dan juga mengoptimalkan penggunaan sumber daya alam yang ada.
INOVASI IMPELLER POMPA ESP UNTUK OPTIMASI PRODUKSI PADA SUMUR RFM-01 DI LAPANGAN XYZ
Authors: Muzkiati Muzkiati , Indayani Rezta , Subiantoro Fatih Raka , Untoro Edi
Published: January 2025

Proses pengangkatan minyak dan gas di suatu lapangan tidak dapat terlepas dari penurunan pressure reservoir yang mengakibatkan penurunan laju produksi. Perancangan pompa untuk suatu sumur memerlukan data yang cukup untuk mengestimasi dan menentukan jenis pengangkatan buatan beserta spesifikasi yang diperlukan. Sumur RFM-01 merupakan sumur dangkal dengan TVD 5000 ft yang memiliki karakteristik reservoir batu pasir bertekanan rendah dengan cadangan yang besar. Sumur RFM-01 memiliki 6 zona produksi dengan cased completion yang telah mengalami 2 kali komplesi ulang dari tahun 2014 sampai sekarang. Inflow performance relationship (IPR) merupakan suatu metode yang digunakan untuk mencari tahu performa reservoir yang diproduksikan dan laju alir yang optimal pada sumur tersebut. Design pompa yang dibuat untuk sumur dengan lapisan reservoir yang baru tidak sepenuhnya akurat dan tepat.
OPTIMASI KINERJA HEAT EXCHANGER 6-5A PADA UNIT CRUDE DISTILLER V (CDU V) PT X
Authors: Rahanwatty Bryan , Setiyono Agus , Heriyanto Heriyanto
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efisiensi termal Heat Exchanger 6-5A pada unit Crude Distiller di PT X. Melalui pengumpulan data operasional, dihitunglah Dirt Factor (Rd) dan Pressure Drop untuk mengevaluasi kinerja alat. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa nilai Dirt Factor mencapai 0,0195945 Btu/hr ft2oF, yang sesuai dengan standar D.Q.Kern, sedangkan pressure drop dibagian shell dan tube masing-masing adalah 0,1764831 Psi dan 3,2510719 Psi, jauh di bawah batas maksimum 10 psi. Efisiensi termal yang diperoleh sebesar 50,1%, menunjukkan bahwa Heat Exchanger mampu memindakan sekitar dari potensi maksimum panas. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa Heat Exchanger 6-5A berfungsi dengan baik dan memnuhi kriteria desain yang ditetapkan, sehingga berkontribusi pada efisiensi proses pengolahan Crude Oil.
EVALUASI REMAINING LIFE TREATING VESSEL-V2 BERDASARKAN INSPEKSI DI PT. X
Authors: Yatimah Nurul , Ayende Ayende
Published: January 2025

Bejana tekan (Pressure Vessel) merupakan sebuah wadah tertutup yang digunakan untuk menampung fluida cair ataupun gas, bejana tekan sendiri digunakan untuk menampung fluida yang memiliki temperature berbeda dengan temperature lingkungan sekitar serta memiliki tekanan tinggi didalamnya. Pressure Vessel-V2 di PT. X digunakan untuk proses treating dengan tujuan untuk mengurangi H2S dan RSH dengan menggunakan cautic soda (NaOH) dalam bentuk larutan. Untuk memastikan operasi optimal, diperlukan inspeksi teknis padaPressure Vessel. Untuk itu dilakukan evaluasi pada Pressure Vessel tersebut berdasarkan standar ASME Section VIII Divisi 1 guna mencegah kerusakan secara tiba-tiba dengan cara memperkirakan sisa umur optimal pengoperasian, kondisi operasi maksimum dan juga perawatan pada pressure vessel. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan dan perhitungan dapat disimpulkan bahwa dari kondisi operasi maka damage mechanism yang mungkin terjadi adalah Atmospheric Corrosion, Errosion Corrosion, High temperature H2/H2S Corrosion, dan Caustic Corrosion dengan kondisi operasi V2-Treating pada tekanan dan suhu operasi yaitu 448 kPa dan 232.22 oC. Perawatan berkala yang harus dilakukan pada pressure vessel yaitu setiap 3 (tiga) tahun sekali mencakup pemeriksaaan visual, ultrasonic thickness test, serta uji lainnya dengan sisa umur operasi pada V-2 Treating Vessel adalah sebesar 50 tahun.
La debolezza è la mia forza: meditazioni su 2Cor
Authors: IMBRISCA Ionut Eremia
Published: January 2025

The correlation between weakness and strength starts from the meditations on the Second Letter to the Corinthians given by Cardinal Carlo Maria Martini to a group of Jesuits. Cardinal Martini chose this letter, noting how well the Apostle Paul manages to live through difficult moments in confrontation with the community of Corinth. We analyze how Cardinal Martini explains the fact that the power of God is revealed in weakness (cf. 2Cor 12,1-10). Some considerations and reflections capable to indicate the way towards a solid and secure ministry will conclude our analysis.
Efficacy of pre-emergence herbicides for control of weeds in wheat
Authors: Chhokar Puneet Kumar , Umesha C.  , Prajapat Kailash , Vishnu  , Yadav Preeti
Published: January 2025

Phalaris minor Retz., a grassy weed, poses a significant threat to wheat production in the northwestern Indian plains due to its growing resistance to herbicides. The paper explores the effectiveness of preemergence (PE) herbicides for managing herbicide-resistant Phalaris minor in wheat fields. It highlights the promising results of combining pyroxasulfone with flumioxazin at the rate 127.5 g/ha + 100 g/ha, which effectively controlled Phalaris minor population (14.7 m-2) and dry weight (5 g m-2), along with higher grain (63.7 q/ha) and straw yield (116.2 q/ha). Although it was comparatively less effective against broad-leaved weeds like Medigaco denticulata and Rumex dentatus. However, it still recorded lowest total weed density and dry weight among all the herbicidal treatments used in the investigation. The study emphasizes the judicious herbicide use to prevent further resistance development. This information can guide farmers and researchers in developing sustainable solutions for managing herbicide-resistant Phalaris minor in wheat fields of northwestern India.
Nest Architecture of Human Associated Passerine Finches, Lonchura striata acuticauda and Pycnonotus jocosus in Urbanizing Villages of Kerala, India
Authors: P. Cheriyan Letha , Devan Ammu , Ajan Anju
Published: January 2025

The nest architecture of the two human-associated bird species, Lonchura striata acuticauda and Pycnonotus jocosus, was studied in a semi-urban village of Kerala from August 2021 to September 2022. Discarded nests after the breeding season of both species were collected and deconstructed to compare the nest architecture. Lonchura striata acuticauda constructs dome-shaped, while Pycnonotus jocosus make open cup-shaped nests. The nest of Pycnonotus jocosus has a distinct outer wall with a thickness of 4.45± 0.84. The outerwall is composed of twigs, and the inner lining of the cup is distinct, with a thickness of 2.79 ± 0.83, composed of smooth fibres and readily detachable from the exterior nest. However, no distinct cup, but only an egglaying cavity is present in Lonchura striata acuticauda. There is no significant variation between the cup diameter parallel (8.26±1.34) and perpendicular (7.25±0.83) in Pycnonotus jocosus, but distinct variation in parallel (5.11±1.93) and perpendicular (3.03±1.17) axis for the cavity in Lonchura striata acuticauda. Total nest mass was 13.60± 2.96 in Pycnonotus jocosus and 6.64±2.66 in Lonchura striata acuticauda. Materials from garden plants, surgical cotton, and spider webs were found in the nest, reflecting the adaptation of passerine finches in selecting nest materials in urbanising villages.
Heterosis and Combining Ability Analysis for Yield and Its Components in Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)
Authors: Kumar Amit , Verma P.N. , Pandey Vinod Kumar , Saha Sajal
Published: January 2025

The present investigation was conducted during the Rabi season December 2022 to April 2023 at Instructional Farm Unit -4 of the Integral Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology (IIAST), Integral University Lucknow. Heterosis and combining ability analysis are crucial for identifying superior parental lines and hybrid combinations to improve yield and yield-related traits in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.). The data is presented for ten different parent crops, namely Azad Mahak, Varuna, Pitambari, Maya, Rohini, Urvashi, RH749, PM31, NDR8501, and NDYR8. The GCA effects are significant for all the traits in all the parent crops. High estimates of general combining ability (GCA) effects were observed for traits such as plant height, number of primary branches, number of siliqua per plant, length of siliqua, and 1000-seed weight, indicating the predominance of additive gene action. The specific combining ability (SCA) effects on yield and quality attributes for yield and yield-related traits in mustard were evaluated in 45 crosses between 10 parent crops. the cross Azad Mahak x Varuna displayed significant positive SCA effects for seed yield per plant, indicating the potential of this cross to produce superior hybrids. Similarly, the cross Pitambari × Urvashi exhibited significant SCA effects for traits like number of siliqua per plant and 1000- seed weight, suggesting its potential for hybrid development. The results indicated significant heterosis effects in the crosses for all traits, suggesting the importance of heterosis in the inheritance of these traits. the cross Azad Mahak x Varuna displayed negative heterosis effects for Days to 50% flowering (-2.22), but showed a positive heterosis effect for Plant Height (4.41) and Seed Yield per Plant (8.22). This suggests that this cross may contribute positively to the height of the plant and overall yield but may not be beneficial for early flowering.
Response of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to Nano Urea under Different Combinations of Herbicides
Authors: Rajput Vaishnavi , Rajput Pradeep , Ingle Sanket , Kr. Kanaujiya Pradeep , Sharma Jaidev
Published: January 2025

A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) season of 2023–24 at Crop research Centre 1 (CRC-1) of ITM University Gwalior, (M.P.), to investigate the response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to nano-urea under different combinations of herbicide. The experiment consisted a split-plot design involving 4 herbicide-based weed management treatments, H1- Mesosulfuron-methyl 3% + Iodosulfuron-methyl sodium 0.6 WG @ 400 g ha-1, H2- Clodinafop propargyl 15% + Metsulfuron-methyl 1% WP @ 400 g ha-1, H3- weed-free check and H4- weedy check in main plots and 4 nutrient management treatments, N0- control (no nitrogen), N1- 100% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN), N2- 75% RDN + 1 Spray of Nano urea at 40 days after sowing (DAS), and N3- 50% RDN + 2 Spray of Nano urea (at 40DAS and 60 DAS) in sub plots and replicated thrice. Results revealed that maximum grain and straw yield were significantly higher in weed-free check, being at par with H2-Clodinafop propargyl 15% + Metsulfuron methyl 1% WP @ 400 g ha1 (3373.19 and 4232.63 kg ha-1), followed by H1- Mesosulfuron-methyl 3% + Iodosulfuron-methyl sodium 0.6 WG @ 400 g ha-1 (3086.44 and 3941.72 kg ha-1). Among nutrient management practices, grain and straw yield were significantly higher in N1-100% RDN (3610.96 and 4310.33 kg ha-1), which was being at par with N2-75% RDN + 1 spray of nano-urea (3409.74 and 4221.20 kg ha-1) over N3-50% RDN+ 2 sprays of nanourea, respectively.
Legal Framework for Preventing Animal Cruelty in India with Special Reference to the Draft Prevention of Cruelty against Animals (Amendment) Bill, 2022
Authors: A. A. Raj  , N. Biswas
Published: January 2025

The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960 is the principal legislation on prevention of cruelty on animals in India. But, the measures for prevention of cruelty on animals in India under this sixty-three years old legislation proved to be insufficient in achieving its objectives in the light of socio-economic changes in present day scenario. The extent and application of the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act (PCA), 1890 was limited in the sense that it was a mere permissive legislation as the application of the same was left with the state governments to extend it to the local areas at its discretion. The govt. has brought the Draft Prevention of Cruelty against Animals (Amendment) Bill, 2022 with enhanced punishments, depending on the harshness of the cruelty and the devaluation of money with time. Bearing in mind the harshness of the cruelty and the steep inflation rates since the enactment of the PCA Act, this Amendment Bill, 2022 was brought with updated penalties. The Bill was published for public comments on November 21, 2022 and great public support was witnessed in the public comments received in favour of the same. However, all these proposed changes will ripe benefits only after the Bill is passed and enforced accordingly. Despite the urgency of the amendment for the protection of the animals, the central government is delaying the passage of the much-awaited amendment, the Prevention of Cruelty on Animals Amendment Bill, 2022. Even though the Apex Court had directed at many instances that the law for the prevention of cruelty on animals is to be made better, more substantive and more stringent, the law could not be amended even after numbers of attempts to introduce new bills on the subject. Bills were brought on the table, so the recommendations were given, but, everything in vain. They (animals) might not speak out loud, but it is high time that we act, and replace the sixty-three years old legislation.
Influence of Integrated Weed Management Practices on Weed Dynamics, Growth and Yield of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.)
Authors: Suraj Kamsar , Rajput Pradeep , Suryawanshi Deepali , Kr. Kanaujiya Pradeep , Kr. Gautam Sandip
Published: January 2025

A field experiment was conducted during the winter season of 2023-24 at Crop research centre, ITM University, Gwalior, to work out the Influence of Integrated Weed management practices on weed dynamics, growth and yield of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.). A field was allocated thrice replicated with ten treatment as per randomized block design. It was concluded that application of pre emergence Pendimethaline 30% EC @ 1.0 kg ai.ha-1 fb application of post emergence Quizalofop ethyl 7.5% fb Imazethapyr 15 % EC @ 175 ml ai.ha-1 fb @ 5 tonnes of straw mulch / ha was recorded lower weed count species (no./m-2), biomass (gm-2), lower in weed index and higher in weed control efficiency which was statistically at par with application of pre-emergence Pendimethaline 30% EC @ 1.0 kg ai.ha-1 fb application of post emergence Quizalofop ethyl 7.5% fb Imazethapyr 15 % EC @ 175 ml ai.ha-1 . And also, maximum growth attributed such as plant height, number of branches, dry matter accumulation of Crop and leaf area index. The maximum yield attributed such as Length of siliquae (cm), siliquae plant-1, seed sliquae-1 and test weight. The maximum yield such as Grain yield (kg ha-1), Stover yield (kg ha-1), Biological yield (kg ha1 ) and harvest index was recorded in application of pre emergence Pendimethaline 30% EC @ 1.0 Kg ai.ha1 fb application of post emergence Quizalofop ethyl 7.5% fb Imazethapyr 15 % EC @ 175 ml ai.ha-1 fb @ 5 tonnes of straw mulch / ha which was at par with application of pre emergence Pendimethaline 30% EC @ 1.0 Kg ai.ha-1 fb application of post emergence Quizalofop ethyl 7.5% fb Imazethapyr 15 % EC @ 175 ml ai.ha-1
An Extensive Analysis of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Technology and Its Effect on Agriculture
Authors: Kaundal Munish , Seth Meenakshi , Singh Ajitpal , Sharma Keshav , Anand Harshit , Gantai Aishmita , Sharma Vastavik
Published: January 2025

In recent years, the agriculture industry has witnessed a significant transformation with the integration of cutting-edge technologies to enhance productivity, efficiency, and sustainability. Among these technologies, sensors have emerged as indispensable tools for monitoring various agricultural parameters and optimizing farming practices. Current advancements and technological improvement in the sector of agriculture requires modern day machineries-drones. Drones technologies proved to save the water, pesticides, and herbicides, maintain the soil fertility also helps to cut excess implication of man power along with increase the output and raise the standard of quality. Robots, artificial intelligence, big data, robotics, and the internet of things are all combined in UAVs. Agricultural UAVs have shown to be quite effective when in use, and they are now extensively employed in many facets of agriculture, such as seed sowing, growth evaluation, and mapping, as well as the application of pesticides and fertilizers. It is becoming essential in the field of agronomical research, they are quite susceptible to variation in soil, climate and alteration to physicochemical changes. The aim of this paper is to review the usage of Drones, UAVs and remote sensing in agriculture applications. On the basis of literature, we found that a lot of advantages are witnessed in agriculture in using Drone, UAV and remote sensing. This paper summarizes the current state of three technologies for agricultural uses, including crop health monitoring and farm operations like, weed management, evapotranspiration estimation, spraying etc. In order to improve their agricultural production, more farmers should invest in contemporary equipment and technology, according to the research article’s conclusion.
A Comparative Assessment of Pond Water and Mahanadi River Water With the Waste-water in Nalas Flowing Through Sambalpur City in Odisha, India
Authors: Ekka Karuna , Pattanayak Sanjaya Kumar , Rajesh Narad , Horrow Suman Prakash , Meher Rinki , Chhuria Mamata , Dash Pratik Kumar
Published: January 2025

The rapid pace of urbanisation and increasing population pressure has brought in a host of environmental problems in Sambalpur city. The waste-water flowing in the nalas in the city are drained into Mahanadi River. A study was carried out during Monsoon and Winter seasons during which water from the sewage nala Branch-1(B1), Branch-2(B2), Branch-3 (B3), two ponds (P1 and P2) and one site on Mahanadi River (M1) were collected. The samples were analyzed for pH, EC, Turbidity, Total Solid (TS), Total Hardness (TH), Total Alkalinity (TA), Sulphate, Chloride, free CO2 , Sodium, Potassium, Nitrate, Phosphate, COD, DO and BOD. The critical observations with respect to some important parameters are discussed. The SO4 concentration in water during Monsoon was high (90.24 -178.56 mg/L) compared to that of winter (34.56- 119.04 mg/L) for all the stations. The Pond water sulphate (145.92-178.56 mg/L) concentration was comparable to that of Waste-water (90.24-157.44 mg/L) and of Mahanadi River water (113.36 mg/L) during Monsoon. The Cl values of pond water are comparable with that of the downstream portion of the nala (97.98-83.78 mg/L). The water of the pond P-1 showed high Na values (78.79-80 mg/L) in both the seasons while that of pond P2 (27.32-31.25 mg/L) is comparable with the downstream stretch B3 of the nala (20.64- 31.06 mg/L). The Na concentration in Mahanadi River water was low(4.41-8.41 mg/L). K values in all the stations varied between (0.04 - 35.88 mg/L) except the high value (132-367.3 mg/L) reported for B2-1 site. The NO3 of pond water (60- 215 mg/L) are comparable with that of the sewage nala (40-370 mg/L). The NO3 of Mahanadi River water is low compared to that of sewage nala water. The PO4 concentration in sewage nala water (2.5-55 mg/L) is comparable to that of pond water (13-47 mg/L) and Mahanadi River water (39-48 mg/L). The winter COD values of pond water (180-260 mg/L) and river water (180-184 mg/ L) are comparable with that of sewage nala water (144-540 mg/L). The DO concentration of water is low (0.72-4.96 mg/L) in wastewater nalas and ponds and BOD is high (8-257 mg/L). The above observations suggest that the quality of ground water of the region is affected because the reservoir is recharged by the polluted sewage nala water. Decrease in the values of different parameters in the Mahanadi River water compared to that in the sewage nala water could be attributed to dilution effects. The study points at a serious ecological concern for the aquatic ecosystem of the region and demands for appropriate management plan for waste-water generated from the city.
Biosurfactant Production and Hydrocarbon Degradation Activity of Bacteria Isolated from Petroleum Contaminated Soil
Authors: Sahu Lumeshwari , Mahobiya Deepika , Shrivastava Ranjana , Khalkho Anshudeep
Published: January 2025

In this study bacterial strainB4A isolated from petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil showed potential to produce bio-surfactant in the presence of 2% (v/v) diesel oil as a carbon source. The growth rate was determined using spectrophotometer at 600nm. Identification based on 16S r-RNA sequencing proved B4A isolate as Pantoeadispersa. Bio surfactant production by this strain was found to be growth-linked. Maximum emulsifying activity and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic analysis revealed the glycoprotein nature of the bio-surfactant. Results indicated that the isolated strain had effectively utilized crude oil as sole carbon source. Linear increase in optical density was observed between 1-12 days. Pantoeadispersa B4A showed the highest growth of 81% in medium with diesel oil. This study held in isolation of potential hydrocarbon degrading bacteria from contaminated soil and it can further be used for bioremediation of oil contaminated soil. The strain showed production of bio-surfactant which will assist in further effective remediation of oil polluted sites.
Deciphering path coefficient analysis in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under saline soils
Authors: Bindu P. Hima , Prasad G. Shiva , Sundaram R.M. , K. Sumalini  , Raju C.H. Damodar
Published: January 2025

The combination of many yield-contributing factors results in the expression of complex traits like yield. In the current study, 86 rice genotypes participated in an experiment to assess seed yield and its component qualities using path coefficient analysis to determine direct and indirect effects. Through direct positive impacts and indirect positive effects through various yield-attributing features, the path analysis results indicated that the number of productive tillers, total number of grains per panicle, panicle length, and test weight were the most important factors in determining the rice seed yield. As a result, during the selection process, it is imperative to prioritize features that show notable and considerable direct consequences. The phenotypical residual value was 0.614. The influence of other characteristics is the cause of high residual effect levels. The development of high-yielding cultivars appropriate for salt conditions will be a fruitful outcome of this strategy.
Application of 3R and Lean Practices in Construction Materials for a Better Environment
Authors: Anil Agarwal
Published: January 2025

Construction is the second largest activity after agriculture. Building and infrastructure projects consume nearly 50-60% of the materials in their total cost. Various construction materials are from natural sources, such as soil, stones, wood, water, coal, etc. Many composite construction materials are formed and used in building construction from these basic materials. During the use of these materials in the construction process, wastage does take place to the tune of 10%. The waste or wastage of the building materials in the construction can be minimized by applying 3R (Reuse, Reduce and Recycle) and lean practices. Systematic study of the different construction processes and executing the improved versions save the building materials, helping in a sustainable environment.
An Exploration of Macrophyte Diversity in Chakuli Beel and Bhereki Beel, Majuli District, Assam
Authors: Roy Rinti , Gogoi Prachujya , Kalita Atlanta , Medhi Deepjyoti , Gayan Kandarpa , Payeng Uban
Published: January 2025

The current study was carried out at Chakuli Beel and Bhereki Beel in Majuli district over a one-year period, from March 2023 to April 2024, in order to assess the macrophytic diversity in Majuli district. During the present study, different plant species in a number of 58 which belongs to 43 genera and 27 families were recorded. Cyperaceae, Poaceae, Araceae, Polygonaceae, Amaranthaceae were the most Dominant families. The correct botanical name, local name, family of each plant has been documented in this study.