bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La provisión pública deportiva municipal y su resistencia ante la gran crisis de 2008 / / / \ \ \ Municipal public sports provision and its resilience in the face of the great crisis of 2008
Authors: Aznar Macías Amadeo
Published: January 2023

Resumen: El panorama económico y social actual, caracterizado por una elevada incertidumbre y por la rápida sucesión de acontecimientos (geopolíticos, climáticos, sociales, etc.), está obligando a replantear aspectos de la economía pública en nuestro país. La sociedad española ha progresado sustancialmente desde la década de los ochenta del siglo pasado. Esto ha sido gracias a modelos de desarrollo adecuados para el contexto económico y social de aquel entonces. Sin embargo, en pleno siglo XXI es necesario plantear cambios en algunos de estos modelos, como es el caso del modelo deportivo no profesional. Este texto hace una recopilación del marco normativo sobre el que se sustenta la oferta deportiva local en España. También realiza un repaso de la evolución de la actividad física en nuestro país desde la década de los ochenta del siglo XX, y analiza el impacto de la crisis de 2008 sobre la provisión pública deportiva; todo ello con la finalidad de reflexionar acerca del modelo deportivo actual y su necesidad de adaptación a las circunstancias económicas y sociales actuales.

Palabras clave: Economía del deporte y desarrollo local, crisis de 2008 y deporte amateur, deporte para todos, economía pública.

Abstract: The current economic and social panorama is forcing us to reconsider aspects of the public economy in our country. Spanish society has progressed substantially since the 1970s. This was due to appropriate development models for the economic and social context of that time. However, in the 21st century it is necessary to consider changes in some of these models, such as the non-professional sports model. The aim of this work is to determine to what extent the 2008 crisis could have affected the practice of amateur sports in Spain, as well as the local public sports provision. Based on information from secondary sources, it is determined to what extent said crisis affected the practice of sport by citizens and the expenditure items of local administrations destined to the provision of sport. The results of the work show the consolidation of amateur sports in Spain, consistent with the social and economic development of the last four decades. The results also reveals the level of vulnerability of local sports policies in a recession period. The paper concludes with a reflection on the need to adapt the Spanish sports ecosystem through a set of actions in order to obtein greater economic efficiency during periods of recession.

Key words: sports economy and local development, economic crisis of 2008 and amateur sports, sports for all, public economy.
Reseña. La España en la que nunca pasa nada. Periferias, territorios intermedios y ciudades medias y pequeñas
Authors: Bellés Monserrat Sergio
Published: January 2023

Resumen: El documento de Sergio Andrés Cabello, con epílogo de Esteban Hernández, se estructura en torno a seis capítulos en los que se incide en la falta de dinamismo y de visibilidad de los espacios que se sitúan a medio camino de lo rural y de lo metropolitano. Estos son los territorios intermedios, unos espacios vitales para la correcta cohesión territorial. La obra indica que estas ciudades medias y pequeñas están afectadas por una dinámica de decrecimiento similar a la que lleva décadas desangrando a los espacios rurales, pero que en su caso no saben afrontarla, reivindicarla ni visibilizarla. El libro hace hincapié en que el dinamismo socioeconómico de estos territorios ha estado históricamente vinculado con el sector secundario. Por tanto, la desindustrialización y terciarización de la economía española ha debilitado de manera destacada su tejido productivo. Frente a esta situación, se hace referencia a la apuesta de buena parte de estos municipios por construir grandes infraestructuras, dotarse de modernas redes transporte e impulsar su actividad turística. La Covid-19 ha evidenciado la oquedad de este modelo que, además, contribuye a aumentar el sentimiento de ser los perdedores de la globalización.
  
Palabras clave: España intermedia, pequeñas áreas urbanas, declive, desigualdad territorial, problemática multicausal.
El Centro de Desarrollo Rural Palancia Mijares: una ONG con el objetivo de dinamizar el medio rural y contribuir a su desarrollo sostenible
Authors: Gonzalvo Soriano Silvia , Pérez Tenas Gregorio
Published: January 2023

Resumen: El Centro de Desarrollo Rural es una Organización No Gubernamental (ONG) sin ánimo de lucro, con sede en la localidad de Castellnovo (Alto Palancia - Castellón) e integrada en la Confederación de Centros de desarrollo Rural (COCEDER), una ONG de Acción Social de ámbito estatal. Desde hace seis años trabajamos, con y por las personas del mundo rural, dando respuesta a las demandas reales de esta población. Nuestro objetivo es mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas del mundo rural de la Comunidad Valenciana, y que puedan desarrollarse satisfactoriamente en todos los ámbitos: personal, social, laboral y económico. Para ello realizamos actividades y programas que están enfocadas a trabajar con la población rural de manera integral, abarcando a todos los colectivos existentes y en todos los campos de actuación posibles en función de las necesidades detectadas en cada territorio.
 
Palabras clave: despoblación-repoblación, asociacionismo, participación, personas mayores, personas con diversidad funcional.
Amateur marathon running in modern literature: types of description and reflection of reading
Authors: Rykov Sergei Sergeevich
Published: January 2023

The main purpose of this work is to analyze the modern literature on amateur marathon running and the motivational effect that such publications give to novice marathon runners. The author pays special attention to the fact that the appearance of such literature in recent years has coincided with a general decline in reader activity around the world. This demand may be explained by the fact that the preparation of a marathon runner is very specific and requires a lot of time for training. And this feature, which consists in long-term planning, makes it an additional attractive "long-term project" in comparison with most modern tasks, which are increasingly, being short-term, perceived as a duty-passing fluidity of life. The fact that there is no similar literary activity in other sports (best-selling books based on the description of the sport as a plot basis, the presence of authors – former athletes), allows us to conclude that marathon running, becoming not only a professional sport, but also acquiring the status of an amateur, is a challenge, generating the need for constant reflection both among the authors themselves and among readers. Against the background of the analysis of the content of books and "feedback" (readers' feedback), it is concluded that the basis of the appeal and mass popularity of amateur marathons should be associated with the "culture of challenge", which is clearly manifested in the practices of understanding and development of amateur running. The culture of challenge can be interpreted from the standpoint of L.N. Kogan's value-motivational analysis of culture and understood as the realization of essential human forces.
Tax Stimulation of Economic Growth in Russia: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Gurnak Aleksandr Vladimirovich , Nazarova Natal'ya Aleksandrovna
Published: January 2023

Economic growth is the most important condition for dynamic socio-economic development of any country. The problems of tax stimulation of economic growth in Russia are of particular relevance due to the fact that its indicators are very unstable, for many years the target values have never been achieved, and the efficiency of the tax instruments involved has been much lower than expected. The purpose of this paper is to study the main problems of tax stimulation of economic growth in Russia in connection with the new industrial revolution and to determine its prospective directions. The research methodology is based on the integrated application of the tools of analysis and synthesis; quantitative economic analysis and analysis of tax buoyancy are used to substantiate the main conclusions. Scientific novelty of the research is associated with the substantiation of conceptual provisions of tax stimulation of economic growth in the Russian Federation, the distinctive feature of which is the focus on the formation of a tax regime favorable to it, with a focus on the possibilities of digitalization. The necessity of transition from stimulation of economic growth through the mechanism of corporate income taxation to tax stimulation encouraging investments and innovations through other, more reliable mechanisms in the conditions of digitalization was substantiated. Application of the results: the Ministry of Finance and the Federal Tax Service can use the results of the study in determining the proactive tax policy in the Russian Federation in terms of tax incentives for economic growth.
The Problems of Adapting the Economy Model Aimed at One Sector. The Example of Luxembourg.
Authors: Korotin Kirill Vladimirovich
Published: January 2023

The object of the study is the economy, the main share of GDP of which is one sector. The subject of the study is the possibility of implementing the idea of an economy focused on one sector in any state. The author cites Luxembourg's economic growth after focusing on the financial sector in the 1980s as a successful example of the implementation of the idea of an economy focused on one sector. The author asks the question - is an example of the implementation of the idea of an economy whose main share of GDP is one sector in the Russian Federation applicable? As an interim conclusion, the author proves that the implementation of this model is impossible in the Russian Federation at the federal level. The author defines as a research problem the definition of an appropriate territorial entity within the Russian Federation in which it is possible to build an appropriate model of the economy. The main conclusion of the conducted scientific research is the existence of a connection between the possibility of creating an economy with one sector forming the majority of GDP and geographical, demographic factors, the availability of minerals, appropriate infrastructure, international relations with the countries-the largest buyers. The result of this study is to identify recommendations for a possible solution to the problem of adapting an economy model focused on one sector on the territory of the Russian Federation. On the territory of the Russian Federation, the creation of an economy with a small number of sectors forming a large part of GDP is impossible at the state level, and the most practical option is to create an appropriate economic model at the level of cities closest to potential trading partners. The possibilities of creating an economy model with a small number of sectors in the cities of the Khabarovsk Territory, Smolensk and Tyumen regions were highlighted as possible options.
Efficacy of ultra-short, response-guided sofosbuvir and daclatasvir therapy for hepatitis C in a single-arm mechanistic pilot study
Authors: Flower Barnaby , Hung Le Manh , Mccabe Leanne , Ansari M Azim , Le Ngoc Chau , Vo Thi Thu , Vu Thi Kim Hang , Nguyen Thi Ngoc Phuong , Phuong Le Thanh , Quang Vo Minh , Dang Trong Thuan , Le Thi Thao , Nguyen Bao Tran , Kingsley Cherry , Smith David , Hoglund Richard M , Tarning Joel , Kestelyn Evelyne , Pett Sarah L , van Doorn Rogier , Van Nuil Jennifer Ilo , Turner Hugo , Thwaites Guy E , Barnes Eleanor , Rahman Motiur , Walker Ann Sarah , Day Jeremy N , Chau Nguyen VV , Cooke Graham S
Published: January 2023

Background:

World Health Organization has called for research into predictive factors for selecting persons who could be successfully treated with shorter durations of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy for hepatitis C. We evaluated early virological response as a means of shortening treatment and explored host, viral and pharmacokinetic contributors to treatment outcome.

Methods:

Duration of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir (SOF/DCV) was determined according to day 2 (D2) virologic response for HCV genotype (gt) 1- or 6-infected adults in Vietnam with mild liver disease. Participants received 4- or 8-week treatment according to whether D2 HCV RNA was above or below 500 IU/ml (standard duration is 12 weeks). Primary endpoint was sustained virological response (SVR12). Those failing therapy were retreated with 12 weeks SOF/DCV. Host IFNL4 genotype and viral sequencing was performed at baseline, with repeat viral sequencing if virological rebound was observed. Levels of SOF, its inactive metabolite GS-331007 and DCV were measured on days 0 and 28.

Results:

Of 52 adults enrolled, 34 received 4 weeks SOF/DCV, 17 got 8 weeks and 1 withdrew. SVR12 was achieved in 21/34 (62%) treated for 4 weeks, and 17/17 (100%) treated for 8 weeks. Overall, 38/51 (75%) were cured with first-line treatment (mean duration 37 days). Despite a high prevalence of putative NS5A-inhibitor resistance-associated substitutions (RASs), all first-line treatment failures cured after retreatment (13/13). We found no evidence treatment failure was associated with host IFNL4 genotype, viral subtype, baseline RAS, SOF or DCV levels.

Conclusions:

Shortened SOF/DCV therapy, with retreatment if needed, reduces DAA use in patients with mild liver disease, while maintaining high cure rates. D2 virologic response alone does not adequately predict SVR12 with 4-week treatment.

Funding:

Funded by the Medical Research Council (Grant MR/P025064/1) and The Global Challenges Research 70 Fund (Wellcome Trust Grant 206/296/Z/17/Z).
The cute and the fluffy
Authors: Laineste Liisi , Fiadotava Anastasiya , Šipöczová Eva , Castañar Rubio Guillem
Published: January 2023

When serious official political statements are not enough to get people’s votes, politicians often turn to attention-grabbing and emotion-triggering self-presentation. They give the public access to their “normal, everyday” lives through personalisation and use other tools of “new” politics to create a favourable image of themselves. They can also show the unexpected, backstage aspects of their lives, such as their interactions with their pets. The paper analyses four case studies from different countries (Belarus, Estonia, Slovakia and Spain) in which politicians’ references to their pets became a prominent topic in internet communication and provoked numerous humorous reactions in the form of memes. By looking at various degrees of politicians’ personalisation strategies, we show that “new” and “old” politics should be regarded as the poles of a continuum rather than a binary opposition. We also discuss the content, form and stance of the humorous internet memes posted in reaction to the appearance of politicians’ pets in the news. Our research indicates that such memes function to provoke a discussion and, as a result, form a polyvocal commentary on events; the politicians, however, must take risks accompanying unconventional, revealing political communication and hope that “there's no such thing as bad publicity”.
Examining the rhetorical strategies employed in the humorous discourse of Chinese talk shows
Authors: Zhou Tianli , MANSOR NOR SHAHILA , Ang Lan Hoon , Sharmini Sharon , Tang Xuan
Published: January 2023

Researchers have pointed out that rhetorical strategies have a significant impact on producing humour in Chinese talk shows, while few of them have investigated the factors that affect the rhetorical choice in humorous discourse in that context. This study aims to identify the rhetorical strategies used in humorous discourse and investigate the factors that impact on the rhetorical strategies chosen by the hosts or comedians to produce humour. Thus, the current study selected 24 monologue samples from a popular programme called Rock & Roast and conducted a discourse analysis on them. Kenneth Burke’s rhetorical theory is adopted to uncover the factors that influence rhetorical choice in the humorous discourse of Chinese talk shows. The findings reveal that the realisation of rhetorical strategies in the humorous discourse of talk shows is rich, including rhetorical devices, foreign language (English), and internet buzzwords, among other things. The main factors influencing the rhetorical strategies chosen in the humorous discourse in Chinese talk shows are the ‘ratio’ of ‘agent and agency,' which are talk show comedians and the Chinese language. This study contributes to helping the audience gain a better understanding of rhetorical humour in Chinese talk shows and provides a new perspective for humorous discourse analysis.
Exosomes derived from M1 macrophages inhibit the proliferation of the A549 and H1299 lung cancer cell lines via the miRNA-let-7b-5p-GNG5 axis
Authors: Peng Jingcui , Li Sa , Li Bin , Hu WenXia , Ding Cuimin
Published: January 2023

Background

Almost all cells are capable of secreting exosomes (Exos) for intercellular communication and regulation. Therefore, Exos can be used as a natural therapeutic platform to regulate genes or deliver drugs to treat diseases. M1 macrophages inhibit tumor growth by releasing pro-inflammatory factors. This study explored the applicability of M1 macrophage exosomes (M1-Exos) as gene carriers and the effects on GNG5 protein, and further examined whether macrophage repolarization could inhibit tumor activity.

Methods

M0 macrophages were polarized toward M1 using vitexin. Exos were obtained from M1 macrophages by ultra-centrifugation. The transwell non-contact co-culture system was used to co-culture M1 macrophages with HLF-α human lung epithelial cells or A549 or H1299 lung cancer cells. MTT, scratch, and transwell assays were used to detect the cell viability, migration, and invasion ability of cells in the four groups. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis rate of each group, and western blot (WB) analysis was performed to detect the change in the expression of proliferation- and apoptosis-related proteins. We screened the differentially expressed microRNAs using quantitative polymerase chain reaction technology. Luciferase reporter analysis was performed to explore the interaction between miRNA and protein. We used Xenografted A549 tumors in nude mice to study the effect of M1-Exos on tumor cell growth in vivo.

Results

The results showed that, under the M1 macrophage co-culture system, lung cancer cell viability, invasion, and migration ability decreased, and the number of apoptotic cells increased, will all indicators being statistically significant (P < 0.05). The expression levels of PCNA, KI67, and Bcl-2 decreased significantly, but that of Bax increased (P < 0.05). Exosomes can have the same effect on tumor cells as M1 macrophages. Exosomes can transport miR-let-7b-5p to tumor cells, and miR-let-7b-5p can inhibit tumor cell proliferation and promote tumor cell apoptosis by regulating the GNG5 protein level.

Conclusions

M1-Exos inhibit the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of lung cancer cells through miRNA-let-7b-5p and GNG5 signaling pathways and inhibit the anti-apoptotic ability of lung cancer cells.
The relationship of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and all-cause or cardiovascular mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective study
Authors: Chang Chin-Huan , Yeh Shu-Tin , Ooi Seng-Wei , Li Chung-Yi , Chen Hua-Fen
Published: January 2023

Background

The optimal levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are not currently clear. In this study, we determined the relationship between various mean LDL-C and all-cause or cardiovascular mortality risks in patients with T2D, stratifying by albumin level, age, sex, and antilipid medication use. We also evaluated the association of LDL-C standard deviation (LDL-C-SD) and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality by type of antilipid medication use.

Methods

A total of 46,675 T2D patients with a prescription for antidiabetic agents >6 months from outpatient visits (2003–2018) were linked to Taiwan’s National Death Registry to identify all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. The Poisson assumption was used to estimate mortality rates, and the Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to assess the relative hazards of respective mortality in relation to mean LDL-C in patient cohorts by albumin level, age, sex, and antilipid use adjusting for medications, comorbidities, and laboratory results. We also determined the overall, and anti-lipid-specific mortality rates and relative hazards of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality associated with LDL-C-SD using the Poisson assumption and Cox proportional hazard regression model, respectively.

Results

All-cause and cardiovascular mortality rates were the lowest in T2D patients with a mean LDL-C > 90-103.59 mg/dL in the normal albumin group (≥ 3.5 g/dL). Compared to T2D patients with a mean LDL-C > 90–103.59 mg/dL, those with a mean LDL-C ≤ 77 mg/dL had an elevated risk of all-cause mortality in both the normal and lower albumin groups. T2D patients with a mean LDL-C ≤ 90 and > 103.59–119 mg/dL had relatively higher risk of cardiovascular mortality in the normal albumin group, but in the lower albumin group (<3.5 g/dL), any level of mean LDL-C ≤ 119 mg/dL was not significantly associated with cardiovascular mortality. Increased risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality were observed in patients with a mean LDL-C ≤ 77 mg/dL in both sexes and in all age groups except in those aged <50 years, a lower mean LDL-C was not associated with cardiovascular mortality. Similarly, patients with an LDL-C-SD <10th and > 90th percentiles were associated with significant risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. In statin users, but not fibrate users, lower and higher levels of mean LDL-C and LDL-C-SD were both associated with elevated risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.

Conclusions

The optimal level of LDL-C was found to be >90–103.59 mg/dL in T2D patients. Lower and higher levels of mean LDL-C and LDL-C-SD were associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, revealing U-shaped associations. Further studies are necessary to validate the relationship between optimal LDL-C levels and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetes.
Activismo digital de mujeres con discapacidad en Instagram: análisis de tres casos en Chile
Authors:   Universidad Santo Tomás, Lapierre Acevedo Michelle
Published: January 2023

Este artículo analiza el activismo digital de tres mujeres chilenas con discapacidad creadoras de contenidos en Instagram. Se utilizó el método etnográfico para observar el contenido de su actividad en sus perfiles públicos. Los resultados revelan un activismo que integra objetivos educativos, de denuncia, de coalición con otros grupos y de opinión en temas coyunturales nacionales. Las activistas sustentan su acción en conceptos que se relacionan con el modelo social de la discapacidad, los feminismos, el capacitismo, la inclusión y la diversidad. Se concluye que el activismo digital es una herramienta poderosa para el movimiento de personas con discapacidad y es parte de una red de activismos contracapacitistas en resistencia.
Análisis multidimensional de la sostenibilidad-DID en el contexto físico-virtual
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Andrés Gonzalo Darío , San Martin Patricia Silvana ,   Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Lujan Rodríguez Guillermo ,   Universidad Nacional de Rosario
Published: January 2023

Este artículo aborda el desafío de repensar los enfoques y las metodologías para investigar los procesos emergentes de la comunicación en el actual contexto físico-virtual. Para ello, postula como necesario desarrollar una mirada integral que incluya a las prácticas de producción y utilización de tecnologías junto con la creación de contenidos y la materialidad de los lenguajes expresivos. En esa dirección, propone un modelo de análisis multidimensional para evaluar los procesos de sostenibilidad de dispositivos intermediales dinámicos (DID) desarrollados en diversos marcos socio-institucionales dedicados a la comunicación, la educación y la gestión cultural. Dicho modelo está conformado por cuatro dimensiones interrelacionadas: políticoinstitucional, tecnológica, social e intermedial. Cada dimensión interactúa con la otra y se entrama con los fenómenos empíricos. Se considera que este modelo constituye un aporte teórico-metodológico para los estudios de comunicación y tecnología, pues posee flexibilidad metodológica para adecuarse a distintos casos de estudio, permite integrar diferentes métodos y técnicas de investigación y habilita una caracterización que articula procesos macro y micro sociales en un mismo abordaje. Finalmente, desde una perspectiva constructivista, se argumenta que para estudiar la sostenibilidad socio-técnica de estos dispositivos es preciso entender a las tecnologías como artefactos y sistemas que se desarrollan, modelan y resignifican de distintas maneras en cada contexto.
Cambios en el periodismo y su impacto en la autonomía profesional: evidencia del estudio The Worlds of Journalism en siete Países de América Latina
Authors:   Universidad del Norte (Colombia), Arroyave Cabrera Jesús Antonio , Garcés-Prettel Miguel ,   Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
Published: January 2023

Los debates en torno al futuro del periodismo posibilitaron numerosas investigaciones sobre sus cambios en el nuevo contexto hiperdigitalizado. Sin embargo, se desconoce su impacto en la libertad de prensa, específicamente en la autonomía editorial. Con datos del último The Worlds of Journalism Study 2012-2016, este artículo explora la percepción de 2789 periodistas de Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador y México sobre este fenómeno. Mediante la aplicación de un análisis de covarianza SEM, se identificaron cinco factores de cambio percibidos por estos profesionales: la comunicación digital interactiva, la certificación profesional, las consideraciones formativas o normativas, la importancia social del periodismo y las presiones económicas. Respecto de la forma en la que operan estos cambios, la autonomía aumenta cuando se fortalece la percepción sobre la relevancia social del periodismo y el tiempo para investigar y disminuye cuando aumentan las presiones lucrativas. Los hallazgos reafirman la importancia de no perder de vista los valores o cualidades centrales del periodismo, como la autonomía, la responsabilidad social y el profesionalismo que deben mantenerse en estos tiempos de fuertes cambios mediados por las nuevas tecnologías de la información y de las comunicaciones.
Contratos a honorarios en la Administración Pública: Soluciones jurisprudenciales disímiles para una misma problemática
Authors:   Cárcamo Righetti & Abogados Asociados, Cárcamo Righetti Alejandro
Published: January 2023

Frente a la ausencia de una respuesta legislativa, la problemática de la excesiva utilización de las contrataciones a honorarios en la Administración del Estado fuera de los presupuestos legales en que ella es permitida fue abordada inicialmente por la Corte Suprema a partir de 2015. No obstante, en 2022, la Contraloría Gene­ral de la República emitió un instructivo que pretende dar una solución distinta a dicha situación. Esto hace necesario analizar, en una dimensión prospectiva, cuáles serán los eventuales escenarios jurídicos que podrían enfrentar aquellas personas contratadas a honorarios por la Administración, frente a estas soluciones jurisprudenciales disímiles.
Una revisión de las principales estrategias regulatorias y su implementación en chile
Authors:   Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Muñoz Vicuña Diego , Muñoz Vicuña Pablo
Published: January 2023

El presente artículo revisa diez de las principales estrategias regulatorias existentes y cómo estas han sido entendidas y aplicadas en Chile: comando y control, nudge, sandbox, autorregulación forzada, autorregulación regulada, corregulación, regulación responsiva, regulación basada en riesgo, regulación prudencial y metarregulación. A partir de dicha revisión, y con el objeto de que estas estrategias sean correctamente implementadas, se busca destacar la existencia de distintos entendimientos respecto de una misma estrategia; el establecimiento inorgánico de estas en nuestro ordenamiento jurídico y la ausencia de una política regulatoria que promueva la adopción de modelos adecuados a los objetivos planteados.
Contribuciones feministas al trabajo social: reflexiones críticas para la intervención
Authors:   Departamento de Trabajo Social, Escuela de Humanidades y Estudios Sociales, Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá́, Colombia, Bueno Ana Marcela , Buitrago Maribel Florián ,   Departamento de Trabajo Social, Escuela de Humanidades y Estudios Sociales, Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá, Colombia, Chinchilla Romero Diana Milena
Published: January 2023

La intervención social es problematizada y redefinida a la luz de los desafíos que nuestra contemporaneidad nos propone; en Colombia como en otros países latinoamericanos, los mayores retos tienen que ver con la segregación social por clase, raza, género, etnia. Sin el ánimo de abarcarlo todo, en este texto se revisará cómo los feminismos han transformado la intervención social en prácticas concretas de atención que, desde trabajo social, se vienen dando en la actualidad, particularmente con mujeres que son víctimas de violencia de género, especificando los saldos pedagógicos que los feminismos han aportado al campo de la intervención social. La perspectiva feminista constituye un aporte al proyecto político de la interculturalidad que hoy se viene apuntalando como uno de los ejes para la formación en trabajo social. Este texto busca posicionar algunos debates que resuenan con las problematizaciones a las que nos vemos enfrentados(as) en la cotidianidad las y los trabajadores(as) sociales. Debates que ponen de manifiesto las tensiones entre universalismos como los derechos y particularismos como la identidad. El feminismo, como proyecto político y herramienta para la lectura crítica de la realidad, se hace cargo de ello, problematizando mundos y procesos que han sido vistos en constante oposición.
A Review of Linear Fresnel Collector Receivers used in Solar Thermal Technology
Authors: Ko Gaëlle Kafira , Gomna Aboubakar , Falcoz Quentin , Coulibaly Yezouma , Olives Régis
Published: January 2023

Linear Fresnel collectors (LFC) have, among the four technologies of concentrating solar power (CSP), the simpler technology. They have a one axis sun tracking, plane mirrors and a fix receiver. All these elements make them the most suitable for small scales CSP plants adapted to rural area of the Sub-Saharan region. The receiver is an important part of the LFC. There is a wide variety of receivers that differ in the shape of the absorber: mono-tube, multi-tube, plane. The shape of the secondary concentrator or its absence allows to categorize the receivers in a butterfly, compound parabolic concentrator, segmented parabolic secondary concentrator or trapezoidal receiver. Vacuum mono-tube receivers have heat losses between 200 W/m and 270 W/m at an absorber temperature of 350°C. A mono tube receiver at partial vacuum losses more than 350 W/m at 350°C. The lowest heat losses of a multi-tube receiver with a trapezoidal secondary concentrator can reach 500 W/m at an absorber temperature of 350°C. This paper discusses a comparative study of existing receiver designs in order to find the most suitable for rural areas in the sub-Saharan region, i.e. easy to design by hand and low cost. Although they do not have the best thermal performance, trapezoidal receivers with a black-painted copper multi-tube absorber and a glass cover seem to be the most suitable.
Pulse Oximeters and Violation of Federal Antidiscrimination Law
Authors: Kupke Annabel , Shachar Carmel , Robertson Christopher
Published: January 2023

This Viewpoint discusses how some pulse oximeters can provide incorrect oxygen saturation data for dark-skinned patients compared with light-skinned patients, describes the reasons that biased oximeters remained in use, and highlights why a rule recently proposed by the US Department of Health and Human Services may bring about needed change in the use of pulse oximetry for patients with dark skin.
Healthy Eating Patterns and Risk of Total and Cause-Specific Mortality
Authors: Shan Zhilei , Wang Fenglei , Li Yanping , Baden Megu Y. , Bhupathiraju Shilpa N. , Wang Dong D. , Sun Qi , Rexrode Kathryn M. , Rimm Eric B. , Qi Lu , Tabung Fred K. , Giovannucci Edward L. , Willett Walter C. , Manson JoAnn E. , Qi Qibin , Hu Frank B.
Published: January 2023

Importance

The current Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend multiple healthy eating patterns. However, few studies have examined the associations of adherence to different dietary patterns with long-term risk of total and cause-specific mortality.

Objective

To examine the associations of dietary scores for 4 healthy eating patterns with risk of total and cause-specific mortality.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This prospective cohort study included initially healthy women from the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS; 1984-2020) and men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS; 1986-2020).

Exposures

Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015), Alternate Mediterranean Diet (AMED) score, Healthful Plant-based Diet Index (HPDI), and Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI).

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcomes were total and cause-specific mortality overall and stratified by race and ethnicity and other potential risk factors.

Results

The final study sample included 75 230 women from the NHS (mean [SD] baseline age, 50.2 [7.2] years) and 44 085 men from the HPFS (mean [SD] baseline age, 53.3 [9.6] years). During a total of 3 559 056 person-years of follow-up, 31 263 women and 22 900 men died. When comparing the highest with the lowest quintiles, the pooled multivariable-adjusted HRs of total mortality were 0.81 (95% CI, 0.79-0.84) for HEI-2015, 0.82 (95% CI, 0.79-0.84) for AMED score, 0.86 (95% CI, 0.83-0.89) for HPDI, and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.77-0.82) for AHEI (P < .001 for trend for all). All dietary scores were significantly inversely associated with death from cardiovascular disease, cancer, and respiratory disease. The AMED score and AHEI were inversely associated with mortality from neurodegenerative disease. The inverse associations between these scores and risk of mortality were consistent in different racial and ethnic groups, including Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, and non-Hispanic White individuals.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of 2 large prospective cohorts with up to 36 years of follow-up, greater adherence to various healthy eating patterns was consistently associated with lower risk of total and cause-specific mortality. These findings support the recommendations of Dietary Guidelines for Americans that multiple healthy eating patterns can be adapted to individual food traditions and preferences.
Triphenylamine‐Functionalized Multiple‐Resonance TADF Emitters with Accelerated Reverse Intersystem Crossing and Aggregation‐Induced Emission Enhancement for Narrowband OLEDs
Authors: Chen Guowei , Wang Jianghui , Chen Wen‐Cheng , Gong Yarong , Zhuang Ning , Liang Hui , Xing Longjiang , Liu Yuan , Ji Shaomin , Zhang Hao‐Li , Zhao Zujin , Huo Yanping , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: January 2023

Multiple‐resonance (MR) thermal activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters have attracted increasing attention in organic electroluminescence devices, owing to their superior quantum efficiency and narrowband emission for high color purity. However, MR‐TADF materials often suffer from severe aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) and efficiency roll‐off problems due to their rigid planar structures and the lack of sufficient charge‐transfer (CT) characters with inefficient reverse intersystem crossing (RISC). Herein, by attaching electron‐rich triphenylamine (TPA) with twisted spatial conformation to the MR framework, two efficient narrowband MR‐TADF emitters, namely BNCz‐pTPA and BNCz‐mTPA, are developed. The TPA substituent endows the new emitters with aggregation‐induced emission enhancement (AIEE) for ACQ suppression. The unprecedented AIEE‐MR‐TADF emitters exhibit CT character in high‐lying triplet excited states for faster RISC, while the locally‐excited (LE) character of the first singlet excited state is retained for narrowband emission with high emission efficiency. An organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) based on BNCz‐pTPA exhibits a maximum external quantum efficiency of 27.3% with slow efficiency roll‐off, demonstrating much higher performances than those of the BNCz‐based OLED. This study may provide a simple but effective approach to constructing high‐performance emitters for wide‐color‐gamut OLED displays.
Targeting Ligand Independent Tropism of siRNA‐LNP by Small Molecules for Directed Therapy of Liver or Myeloid Immune Cells
Authors: Lin Cheng , Mostafa Asmaa , Jans Alexander , Wolters Justina Clarinda , Mohamed Mohamed Ramadan , Van der Vorst Emiel P. C. , Trautwein Christian , Bartneck Matthias
Published: January 2023

Hepatic clearance of lipid nanoparticles (LNP) with encapsulated nucleic acids restricts their therapeutic applicability. Therefore, tools for regulating hepatic clearance are of high interest for nucleic acid delivery. To this end, this work employs wild‐type (WT) and low‐density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr)−/− mice pretreated with either a leukotriene B4 receptor inhibitor (BLT1i) or a high‐density lipoprotein receptor inhibitor (HDLRi) prior to the injection of siRNA‐LNP. This work is able to demonstrate significantly increased hepatic uptake of siRNA‐LNP by the BLT1i in Ldlr−/− mice by in vivo imaging and discover an induction of specific uptake‐related proteins. Irrespective of the inhibitors and Ldlr deficiency, the siRNA‐LNP induced RNA‐binding and transport‐related proteins in liver, including haptoglobin (HP) that is also identified as most upregulated serum protein. This work observes a downregulation of proteins functioning in hepatic detoxification and of serum opsonins. Most strikingly, the HDLRi reduces hepatic uptake and increases siRNA accumulation in spleen and myeloid immune cells of blood and liver. RNA sequencing demonstrates leukocyte recruitment by the siRNA‐LNP and the HDLRi through induction of chemokine ligands in liver tissue. The data provide insights into key mechanisms of siRNA‐LNP biodistribution and indicate that the HDLRi has potential for extrahepatic and leukocyte targeting.
Development of Code‐Editable Multicolor Chemiluminescent Hydrogels and Their Application in the Detection of Sarcosine Using Portable Devices
Authors: Jing Yuguang , Yuan Xiaohua , Xu Yingying , Hou Jingyu , Yu Xinge , Ye Bangce , Li Yingchun
Published: January 2023

Conventional luminol chemiluminescence (CL) is widely used in imaging and analytical assays. As far as we can search, there are no studies on the use of CL for information encryption and protection. Here, a novel CL hydrogel is developed. A rapid color visualization of sarcosine in urine using a mobile phone camera is achieved based on CL energy resonance transfer. Four different colors of CL hydrogels are prepared by adding different ratios of rhodamine B or fluorescein. In the multicolor CL hydrogels, activated CL can generate conventional multicolor code shift and original white light. The luminescence duration and the cause of the white light are analyzed using CL spectroscopy. Sarcosine oxidase is replaced with sarcosine in the multicolor CL hydrogels to obtain the translation of editable code, which facilitates the secondary information encryption and code transmissions. The effective luminescence time of these hydrogels are short (13–50 min), and code can be deleted naturally.
Ultrahigh Extinction Ratio Long‐Wave Infrared Polarization‐Selective Broadband Metamaterial Absorber
Authors: Qin Zheng , Liang Zhongzhu , Shi Xiaoyan , Meng Dejia , Dai Rui , Sun Chunfang , Xin Wei , Yang Fuming , Ren Yingzheng , Feng Jiajing
Published: January 2023

Metamaterial absorbers (MAs) provide new miniaturization, integration, and high‐performance solution for infrared polarization imaging systems. However, it is challenging for past MAs to obtain broadband absorption and a high extinction ratio simultaneously. Herein, a long‐wave infrared broadband polarization‐selective MA with an ultrahigh extinction ratio is proposes and numerically demonstrated. The MA is composed of a metal–dielectric–metal sandwich structure. The cut‐wire resonator on the top layer and the wire pair on the bottom layer provide the MA with excellent polarization selectivity. In the wavelength range of 8.28–14.15 μm, the absorption of the Transverse Magnetic (TM) wave is greater than 90%, while the absorption of the Transverse Electric (TE) wave is less than 0.15%, and the average extinction ratio reaches 724. The high extinction ratio remains to reach 119 when the MA is integrated into a silicon substrate. This work promises to bring new solutions to infrared polarization imaging.
D‐A‐D type functional conducting polymer: Development of its electrochromic properties and laccase biosensor
Authors: Udum Yasemin A. , Aktas Gemci Melek , Cevher Duygu , Soylemez Saniye , Cirpan Ali , Toppare Levent
Published: January 2023

Herein, a novel D‐A‐D type monomer that contains hexylthiophene as the donor and benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole as the acceptor has been electropolymerized successfully to yield P(DTFBT) and its electrochromic properties and performance in amperometric biosensors have been investigated. The polymer shows great electrochemical features with low band gap and multichromic properties. Additionally, after polymer modification, laccase was immobilized on a modified electrode surfaces for catechol sensing. Biosensor optimization values, cycle number, enzyme amount, pH and also interfering effect of some possible compounds were investigated. With optimum values, analytical characterization of the sensor was determined. Kmapp, LOD and sensitivity values were estimated as 0.11 mM, 0.014 mM and 166.74 μA/(mM cm2), respectively. The experimental results revealed that the sensor shows satisfactory accuracy and confirms the proposed sensor has a potential candidate for catechol quantification.
Pyrazole scaffold‐based derivatives: A glimpse of α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity, SAR, and route of synthesis
Authors: Firdaus Jannat ul , Siddiqui Nadeem , Alam Ozair , Manaithiya Ajay , Chandra Kailash
Published: January 2023

The α‐glucosidase is a validated target to develop drugs for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus. The existing α‐glucosidase inhibitors have certain shortcomings related to side effects and route of synthesis. Accordingly, it is inevitable to develop new chemical templates as α‐glucosidase inhibitors. Pyrazole derivatives have a special place in medicinal chemistry because of various biological activities. Recently, pyrazole‐based heterocyclic compounds have emerged as a promising scaffold to develop α‐glucosidase inhibitors. This study focuses on the recently reported pyrazole‐based α‐glucosidase inhibitors, including their biological activity (in vivo, in vitro, and in silico), structure–activity relationship, and ways of synthesis. The literature revealed the development of several promising pyrazole‐based α‐glucosidase inhibitors and new synthetic routes for their preparation. The encouraging α‐glucosidase inhibitory results of the pyrazole‐based heterocyclic compounds make them an attractive target for further research. The authors also foresee the arrival of the pyrazole‐based α‐glucosidase inhibitors in clinical practice.
Periodontitis and stroke: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Ma Chaoyang , Wu Min , Gao Jie , Liu Chuanzi , Xie Yi , Lv Qiushi , Zhang Xiaohao
Published: January 2023

Background and purpose

Periodontitis has been implicated in the incidence of ischemic stroke. However, the generalizability of results to individuals with different subtypes of periodontitis is unknown. We aimed to investigate the causal relationship of chronic periodontitis (CP) and aggressive periodontitis (AgP) with ischemic stroke and its subtypes in the Mendelian randomization framework.

Methods

The genetic proxies of CP were derived from large‐scale summary statistics from the UK Biobank datasets (950 cases and 455,398 controls). The genetic associations of AgP were selected from another large genome‐wide association study of European ancestry (851 cases and 6836 controls). The instruments of ischemic stroke (34,217 cases and 406,111 controls) and its subtypes were selected from the MEGASTROKE consortium of European ancestry. The inverse variant weighted method was performed to determine the causal inference and a comprehensive set of sensitivity analyses to test the robustness of the results.

Results

In population‐wide genetic analysis, there was no association of genetically predicted AgP (odds ratio [OR], 0.982; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.956–1.009; p = .197) with ischemic stroke or its subtypes. For patients with CP, there was also no significant causal inference on ischemic stroke (OR, 1.017; 95% CI, 0.992–1.043; p = .184). However, regarding the stroke subtypes, the genetic analysis provided evidence of a causal relationship of CP with cardioembolic stroke (OR, 1.052; 95% CI, 1.002–1.104; p = .042), but not with large artery atherosclerosis (OR, 1.005; 95% CI, 0.944–1.069; p = .875) or small vessel occlusion (OR, 1.039; 95% CI, 0.981–1.101; p = .193).

Conclusion

This study suggested that there was a potential causal effect of CP on cardioembolic stroke.
A study on the prevention of hemorrhage and perforation in patients with primary gastric diffuse large‐B cell lymphoma during treatment with immunochemotherapy
Authors: Zhang Limei , Huang He , Wang Zhao , Fang Xiaojie , Hong Huangming , Chen Yungchang , Ren Quanguang , Yao Yuyi , Chen Zegeng , Pan Fei , Li Xiaoqian , Chen Meiting , Lin Tongyu
Published: January 2023

Background

Stomach hemorrhage and perforation are very severe and common complications in patients with primary gastric diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (PG‐DLBCL) during treatment with immunochemotherapy. However, no relevant clinical studies have been performed on the prevention of these serious complications.

Methods

Patients diagnosed with PG‐DLBCL were enrolled in this retrospective study. The prevention group received standard rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (R‐CHOP) treatment without prednisone combined with antacids and anti‐Helicobacter pylori (Hp) therapy. These patients received R‐CHOP‐based treatment until the complete recovery of gastric ulcers, as proven by gastroscopy. The control group received a standard R‐CHOP regimen. Toxicity and survival were the main endpoints.

Results

A total of 52 patients received preventative treatment, while 146 patients did not. Among patients with stage I, II‐1, and II‐2 disease, the prevention group had a lower rate of hemorrhage and perforation (0/40) than the control group (10/78, p = 0.044). At a median follow‐up time of 25 months, the 5‐year event‐free survival (EFS) rates were 97.1% in the prevention group and 66.1% in the control group (p = 0.025), and the 5‐year overall survival (OS) rates were 100% and 72.0%, respectively (p = 0.021). However, the differences in the 5‐year EFS and OS of patients with disseminated disease were not statistically significant.

Conclusions

Preventative treatment can decrease the risk of hemorrhage and perforation in patients with localized PG‐DLBCL during immunochemotherapy, leading to better EFS and OS in these patients. However, preventative treatment failed to reduce the risk of gastric hemorrhage and perforation and did not improve survival (EFS and OS) in advanced‐stage patients.