bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unsound Sound: On the Ontology of Sound in the Digital Age
Authors: Knakkergaard Martin
Published: September 2016

This article discusses the change in premise that digitally produced sound brings about and how digital technologies more generally have changed our relationship to the musical artifact, not simply in degree but in kind. It demonstrates how our acoustical conceptions are thoroughly challenged by the digital production of sound and, by questioning the ontological basis for digital sound, turns our understanding of the core term substance upside down.
Soundmaps as iDocs? Modes of Interactivity for Storytelling with Sound
Authors: Holanda Claudia , Rebelo Pedro , Paz André
Published: September 2016

Soundmaps derive an undeniable, often originary, importance from cartographical representation. However, this article proposes to consider soundmaps through a narrative perspective, drawing on the field of interactive documentaries. Like soundmaps, interactive documentaries deal with issues of engagement, participation and interaction. In this sense, and according to Sandra Gaudenzi’s concepts, this article presents an analysis of more than 40 soundmaps focused on their modes of interaction.
Morphometric analysis reveals a new species of Aponogeton (Aponogetonaceae) in Sri Lanka
Authors: MANAWADUGE CHAPA G. , YAKANDAWALA DEEPTHI , LES DONALD H.
Published: September 2016

A morphometric analysis of Sri Lankan Aponogeton was performed in order to clarify species delimitations and to facilitate their identifications by comparing states coded for 61 vegetative and reproductive characters. Both cluster analysis and principal coordinate analysis resolved five discrete phenetic groups within the genus in the island. Four of these clusters corresponded well with the four previously reported species (A. rigidifolius, A. jacobsenii, A. crispus and A. natans) whereas a fifth cluster delimited a new Aponogeton species, A. dassanayakei, from the wet lowland regions of Sri Lanka. These analyses have disclosed more useful characters for field identification of the species.
Sangpradubina, an astonishing new mayfly genus from Thailand (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae)
Authors: BOONSOONG BOONSATIEN , SARTORI MICHEL
Published: September 2016

A newly discovered representative of Leptophlebiidae is described and illustrated from Thailand as Sangpradubina thailandica, gen. nov. and sp. nov., based on larvae and reared adults. This new species presents an interesting transitional position, being close to Choroterpes s.l. in the winged stages, but closer to Thraulus s.l. in the nymphal stage.   Nymphs are differentiated from those of all genera of the Thraulus lineage by the combination of gill I consisting of only a single and slender lamella, gills II–VII being fimbriate only in the distal half, each mandible having a tuft of setae only in the middle of the lateral margin, each maxilla having a well-developed anterolateral projection, fore- and middle femora each having a row of long setae on the outer margin, as well as tarsal claws having 4 denticles at the base and 9 in the apical position. Adults of the new genus barely differ from any genera of the Choroterpes lineage. The egg chorionic structure of Sangpradubina also appears to be unusual in that KCT’s are concentrated on one pole.
A systematic revision of the genus Gnophopsodos Wehrli, 1945, with description of two new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)
Authors: ERLACHER SVEN , ERLACHER JOSEPHA
Published: September 2016

In a comprehensive morphological study besides results of DNA barcoding the genus Gnophopsodos Wehrli, 1945 is taxonomically revised. The taxon comprises nine species. Diagnostic characters are depicted and a key to the species based on the morphology of male genitalia is provided. Males and females (if available) of each species and their genitalia are illustrated. The distribution of all species is described and figured on maps. Gnophopsodos hilmari spec. nov. from Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, Gnophopsodos sabine spec. nov. and Gnophopsodos ravistriolaria pantherinus subspec. nov., both from the Russian part of the Altai Mountains, are described as new. Gnophopsodos puengeleri (Bohatsch, 1910) stat. rev. is re-established as a separate species. The following synonyms are recognized: Chelegnophos Wehrli, 1951 syn. nov. of Gnophopsodos Wehrli, 1945; Chelegnophos alaianus Viidalepp, 1988 syn. nov. of Gnophopsodos puengeleri (Bohatsch, 1910), Psodos altissimaria Oberthür, 1913 syn. nov. of Gnophopsodos gnophosaria (Oberthür, 1893), and Gnophos orbicularia Püngeler, 1904 syn. nov. of Gnophopsodos stemmataria (Eversmann, 1848) comb. nov. The latter is transferred from the genus Gnophos Treitschke, 1825 to the genus Gnophopsodos.
A new species of salamander of the genus Hynobius (Amphibia, Caudata, Hynobiidae) from South Korea
Authors: MIN MI-SOOK , BAEK HAE-JUN , SONG JAE-YOUNG , CHANG MIN HO , POYARKOV NIKOLAY A.  JR.
Published: September 2016

We describe a new species of lentic-breeding Hynobius salamander from the Naro Islands, near the village of Bongrae-myeon, Goheung-gun, Jeollanam-do, South Korea, on the basis of results of morphological, ecological and genetic analyses. Hynobius unisacculus sp. nov. is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following morphological attributes: (1) comparatively small size (adult SVL up to 61 mm; range 38.3–60.3 mm in males and 37.5–59.9 mm in females); (2) relatively slender short limbs; tips of fore- and hindlimbs adpressed on body never meeting, but separated by a large gap (gap of -3.0 to -1.5 costal folds in males and -3.5 to -1.5 in females); (3) comparatively short tail (TL/SVL ratio in adult males varying from 0.54–0.98, in adult females from 0.55 to 0.89), tail flattened and with a low dorsal fin extending to the posterior one-third of tail length; (4) usually 11 (occasionally 12) costal grooves; (5) in adults, dark brown dorsum with indistinct bronze or dark copper spots, lighter greyish-white or pinkish belly; (6) well developed fifth toe; (7) comparatively shallow vomerine tooth series with 13–23 vomerine teeth; (8) small, pigmented ova, located in one, occasionally two, strings in a small, curved egg sac with folded envelope, lacking distinct mucous stalks or whiptail-like structures on both ends. The molecular differentiation among Korean Hynobius is high; Hynobius unisacculus sp. nov. is genetically highly divergent from the morphologically similar H. leechii, H. yangi and H. quelpaertensis: pairwise distances are 9.7%, 9.1% and 8.0% of sequence divergence at the COI mtDNA gene respectively, and 10.9%, 10.9% and 9.4% of sequence divergence at the cyt b mtDNA gene, respectively. At present, the new species is known from coastal areas and offshore islands in southeastern part of Jeollanam-do in South Korea. We suggest the species should be considered as Vulnerable (Vu2a) in accordance with IUCN’s Red List categories. Our study supports the presence of undiagnosed taxonomic diversity among Korean Hynobius.
Re-definition and review of the Oriental genus Hexachaetus Chaudoir, 1871 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Orthogoniini)
Authors: TIAN MINGYI , DEUVE THIERRY
Published: September 2016

The ground beetle genus Hexachaetus Chaudoir, 1871 is re-defined and reviewed. Bearing six setae on ligula is no more considered as a crucial characteristic for Hexachaetus. Members of Hexachaetus share the following combination of morphological features: body polish, smooth, and impunctate, ligula more or less dilated at apex, bearing 4, 6, or even 12 setae apically, prosternal process unbordered at apex, elytra distinctly and obliquely truncated at apex, with the apical inner angles very sharp in most species (except for H. mulan n. sp.), and interval 3 with anterior and posterior setiferous pores (median one lacking). The members of Hexachaetus are about 20 species which could be divided into six species groups. All except angulatus species group are dealt with in this paper, with descriptions of four new species: H. kirschenhoferi n. sp. (Indonesia: Kalimantan), H. brunki n. sp. (Malaysia: N. Borneo), H. vietnamensis n. sp. (Vietnam: Annam) and H. mulan n. sp. (Malaysia: Perak and Pahang). H. maindroni Tian & Deuve, 2006 is proposed as a subspecies of H. lateralis Guérin, 1843, n. stat. A key to species groups and species of the genus is also provided.
A new species of the genus Corimalia Gozis, 1885 (Coleoptera: Brentidae: Nanophyinae) from the Caucasus
Authors: SCHÖN KAREL , SKUHROVEC JIŘÍ
Published: September 2016

Corimalia strejceki Schön& Skuhrovec,sp. nov. is described and illustrated from the Caucasus, Russia. The new species is compared with the allopatric C. aliena (Faust, 1890) differing in size, shape of scales, scale patch close to the scutellum, size of mucrones on the meso- and metatibiae, and also shape of the apex of the penis. Controversy over the number of segments in the antennae in the genus Corimalia is summarized. An annotated catalogue and key of all Corimaliini species in the Caucasus is provided.
Giga-LES of Hector the Convector and Its Two Tallest Updrafts up to the Stratosphere
Authors: Dauhut Thibaut , Chaboureau Jean-Pierre , Escobar Juan , Mascart Patrick
Published: September 2016

The dynamics of Hector the Convector, which overshot into the stratosphere on 30 November 2005 over the Tiwi Islands, Australia, is investigated using a giga-large-eddy simulation with a 100-m cubic mesh. Individual updrafts, defined as 3D objects with vertical velocity above 10 m s−1 are identified. Among the 20 000 updrafts formed during the most intense phase, only a dozen were more than 4 km tall. The two tallest updrafts accounted for more than 90% of the total vertical mass flux through the tropical tropopause layer. Their locations were determined by low-level convergence lines first created by the sea breeze in the morning, then enhanced by cold pools due to cumulus congestus. They finally reinforced each other as they moved inland and intersected. The two tallest updrafts that overshot the tropopause were contrasted with those occurring 1 h earlier and later. They presented larger widths (up to 8 km), greater buoyancy (up to 0.1 m s−2), stronger vertical velocities (up to 50 m s−1), and larger hydrometeor contents (more than 10 g kg−1). They kept their core weakly diluted on their way to the stratosphere with an entrainment rate as low as 0.08 km−1. Both the low-level convergence lines intensified by cold pools and the reduced mixing in the troposphere were found to be the determinant for the transition from deep to very deep convection.
GEPS-Based Monthly Prediction at the Canadian Meteorological Centre
Authors: Lin Hai , Gagnon Normand , Beauregard Stephane , Muncaster Ryan , Markovic Marko , Denis Bertrand , Charron Martin
Published: September 2016

Dynamical monthly prediction at the Canadian Meteorological Centre (CMC) was produced as part of the seasonal forecasting system over the past two decades. A new monthly forecasting system, which has been in operation since July 2015, is set up based on the operational Global Ensemble Prediction System (GEPS). This monthly forecasting system is composed of two components: 1) the real-time forecast, where the GEPS is extended to 32 days every Thursday; and 2) a 4-member hindcast over the past 20 years, which is used to obtain the model climatology to calibrate the monthly forecast. Compared to the seasonal prediction system, the GEPS-based monthly forecasting system takes advantage of the increased model resolution and improved initialization.

Forecasts of the past 2-yr period (2014 and 2015) are verified. Analysis is performed separately for the winter half-year (November–April), and the summer half-year (May–October). Weekly averages of 2-m air temperature (T2m) and 500-hPa geopotential height (Z500) are assessed. For Z500 in the Northern Hemisphere, limited skill can be found beyond week 2 (days 12–18) in summer, while in winter some skill exists over the Pacific and North American region beyond week 2. For T2m in North America, significant skill is found over a large part of the continent all the way to week 4 (days 26–32). The distribution of the wintertime T2m skill in North America is consistent with the influence of the Madden–Julian oscillation, indicating that a significant part of predictability likely comes from the tropics.
Composite driveshaft prototype design and survivability testing
Authors: Henry Todd C , Riddick Jaret C , Mills Brent T , Habtour Ed M
Published: September 2016

Rotorcraft drivelines typically utilize a multi-segmented metallic system to transmit power between the engine and tail rotor. The typical arrangement of metal driveshaft segments, hanger bearings, and flexible couplers contribute to a significant logistical footprint, maintenance downtime, and life-cycle costs. Thus, an innovative flexible matrix composite driveshaft design alternative is presented in this paper, intended to simultaneously reduce the number of couplers and bearings, as well as, provide high fatigue strain capacity. Through reduction in number of parts, the maintenance cost and time as well as weight of the system are reduced. Composite driveshafts, representing those used in utility helicopters, were designed using an optimization process that considers: (1) damping-induced self-heating, (2) whirling stability, (3) torsional buckling stability, and (4) lamina strength. The paper provides a ballistic comparison study between a baseline carbon/epoxy composite and flexible carbon/polyurethane composite driveshaft segments. One driveshaft of each material was torsionally loaded to failure without ballistic impact. Additionally, two driveshafts were impacted obliquely at zero torque with 7.62 and 12.7 mm armor piercing/incendiary (API) rounds. After impact, the driveshafts were loaded in torsion to failure. Residual torsional strengths were 17–21% and 13% of un-impacted strengths for the 7.62 mm and 12.7 mm rounds, respectively. For the small sample size, flexible driveshafts had a marginally higher residual strength compared to the carbon/epoxy counterpart. Residual torsional stiffness values were 83–86% and 52–59% for the 7.62 mm and 12.7 mm rounds, respectively.
Twist-film gel spinning of large-diameter high-performance ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene monofilaments
Authors: Fang Xudong , Shi Jing , Wyatt Tom , Yao Donggang
Published: September 2016

A twist-film gel spinning process was developed for large-diameter high-performance ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) monofilaments. By using polybutene as a spin-solvent, film twisting was demonstrated to be an effective method for solvent removal; approximately 70% of solvent contained in the gel film can be removed simply by film twisting. This mechanical solvent removal process also makes conventional solvent extraction proceed significantly faster. Besides improved solvent extraction efficiency, large-diameter high-strength UHMWPE monofilaments (with diameters of about 80 µm and strength exceeding 3.2 GPa) can be produced with this process, which is difficult to achieve using conventional processes. The capability of making large-diameter high-strength monofilaments may allow new products of UHMWPE to be developed in a number of high-performance applications.
Deindustrialisation and the polarisation of household incomes: The example of urban agglomerations in Germany
Authors: Gornig Martin , Goebel Jan
Published: September 2016

The tertiarisation, or perhaps more accurately, the deindustrialisation of the economy has left deep scars on cities. It is evident not only in the industrial wastelands and empty factory buildings, but also in the income and social structures of cities. Industrialisation, collective wage setting, and the welfare state led to a stark reduction in income differences over the course of the 20th century. Conversely, deindustrialisation and the shift to tertiary sectors could result in increasing wage differentiation. Moreover, numerous studies on global cities, the dual city, and divided cities have also identified income polarisation as a central phenomenon in the development of major cities. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), we find an increasing polarisation of household income structures since the mid-1990s. In urban agglomerations, this income polarisation is even more pronounced than in the more rural regions. The income polarisation in Germany is likely to have multiple causes, some of which are directly linked to policies such as the deregulation of the labour market. But extensive deindustrialisation is probably also one of the drivers of this process, and it has directly weakened Germany’s middle-income groups.
Intensity and Learning Outcomes in the Treatment of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Linstead Erik , Dixon Dennis R. , French Ryan , Granpeesheh Doreen , Adams Hilary , German Rene , Powell Alva , Stevens Elizabeth , Tarbox Jonathan , Kornack Julie
Published: September 2016

Ample research has shown that intensive applied behavior analysis (ABA) treatment produces robust outcomes for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, little is known about the relationship between treatment intensity and treatment outcomes. The current study was designed to evaluate this relationship. Participants included 726 children, ages 1.5 to 12 years old, receiving community-based behavioral intervention services. Results indicated a strong relationship between treatment intensity and mastery of learning objectives, where higher treatment intensity predicted greater progress. Specifically, 35% of the variance in mastery of learning objectives was accounted for by treatment hours using standard linear regression, and 60% of variance was accounted for using artificial neural networks. These results add to the existing support for higher intensity treatment for children with ASD.
Revolution or Reform? Union-Worker Cooperative Relations in the United States and Korea
Authors: Ji Minsun
Published: September 2016

This paper examines to what extent union-cooperative partnerships might revitalize labor movements and identifies important factors shaping the nature of union-cooperative partnerships. The premise is that the level of strong or weak class consciousness is an important factor in shaping the nature of union-cooperative relations. Using a case study of Denver’s immigrant taxi union cooperative in the United States and a bus drivers’ union cooperative in South Korea, the paper argues that union-coop partnerships built with strong class-conscious organizing (as in Korea) bring more transformational energy to the labor movement than union-coop partnerships in the “business unionism” model, as in the United States.
Persuading the Home Front
Authors: Orwig Marcy Leasum
Published: September 2016

Government public relations are often viewed as propaganda. However, one’s own perspective has much to do with how the communications are perceived. One example of American propaganda is linked to World War I. While there has been research devoted to the patriotic posters and films of this era, other forms of media during this same time period have been largely overlooked. This article, therefore, presents research on the communications surrounding the “Knit Your Bit” campaign, which the American Red Cross conducted with help from the U.S. government-sponsored Committee on Public Information. The campaign persuaded knitters on the home front to knit for the troops using content in the major women’s magazine of the day: Ladies’ Home Journal. This article considers how the overlooked campaign contributed to efforts to generate patriotism during World War I and how social, political, and economic factors affected the communications.
A case-control field study on the relationships among type 2 diabetes, sleepiness and habitual caffeine intake
Authors: Urry Emily , Jetter Alexander , Holst Sebastian C , Berger Wolfgang , Spinas Giatgen A , Langhans Wolfgang , Landolt Hans-Peter
Published: September 2016

Objectives:

The purpose of this study was to examine the possible links between type 2 diabetes, daytime sleepiness, sleep quality and caffeine consumption.

Methods:

In this case-control field study, comparing type 2 diabetic ( n=134) and non-type 2 diabetic ( n=230) participants, subjects completed detailed and validated questionnaires to assess demographic status, health, daytime sleepiness, sleep quality and timing, diurnal preference, mistimed circadian rhythms and habitual caffeine intake. All participants gave saliva under standardised conditions for CYP1A2 genotyping and quantification of caffeine concentration. Hierarchical linear regression analyses examined whether type 2 diabetes status was associated with caffeine consumption.

Results:

Type 2 diabetic participants reported greater daytime sleepiness ( p=0.001), a higher prevalence of sleep apnoea ( p=0.005) and napping ( p=0.008), and greater habitual caffeine intake ( p<0.001), derived from the consumption of an extra cup of coffee each day. This finding was confirmed by higher saliva caffeine concentration at bedtime ( p=0.01). Multiple regression analyses revealed that type 2 diabetes status was associated with higher self-reported caffeine consumption ( p<0.02) and higher salivary caffeine ( p<0.02). Next to male sex, type 2 diabetes status was the strongest predictor of caffeine intake. Subjective sleep and circadian estimates were similar between case and control groups.

Conclusions:

Type 2 diabetic patients may self-medicate with caffeine to alleviate daytime sleepiness. High caffeine intake reflects a lifestyle factor that may be considered when promoting type 2 diabetes management.
Inter- and intra-rater agreement in the assessment of the vascularity of spinal metastases using digital subtraction angiography tumor blush
Authors: Clausen Caroline , Dahl Benny , Christiansen Frevert Susanne , Forman Julie Lyng , Nielsen Michael Bachmann , Lönn Lars
Published: September 2016

Background

Preoperative embolization is based on the preoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) tumor blush, and as such is considered the “gold standard” for determining tumor vascularity. However, to our knowledge reliability studies evaluating vascularity ratings of DSA tumor blush in spinal metastases have not been published previously.

Purpose

To evaluate inter- and intra-rater agreement in the assessment of the vascularity of spinal metastases using DSA tumor blush.

Material and Methods

This reliability study included 46 patients with symptomatic metastatic spinal cord compression requiring surgery. DSA data stored in the hospital picture archiving and communication system (PACS) from the participants of a randomized controlled trial were used. Inter- and intra-rater agreement on vascularity assessment using DSA tumor blush according to a three-step ordinal scale was evaluated: no hypervascularity; moderate hypervascularity; and pronounced hypervascularity. The statistical analysis was based on the linear weighted kappa’s for multiple raters that extend Cohen’s κ. Three raters and κ = 0.2 in the null hypothesis implied that the power of the study was 0.96.

Results

Inter- and intra-rater agreements were moderate in rating the vascularity of spinal metastases and the agreements were significantly higher than the κ = 0.20 in the null hypothesis ( P = 0.0002 and P = 0.0001). The κ value for inter-rater agreement was 0.57 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.41–0.72) and for intra-rater agreement 0.55 (95% CI, 0.38–0.71).

Conclusion

There is moderate inter-rater and intra-rater agreement in classifying the vascularity of spinal metastases on a three-step ordinal scale for DSA tumor blush.
Pathways to Desistance Among Men Convicted of Sexual Offenses
Authors: Kras Kimberly R. , Blasko Brandy L.
Published: September 2016

Within many sexual offender–specific treatment programs, clients and their therapists devote considerable time to understanding “cycles” or “pathways” to sexual offending, and clients often need to fit their stories into existing offending paradigms. Although this post hoc processing of offending behaviors may assist clients in understanding their individual pathway toward crime, we know little about how they situate this information within their lives moving forward. Relying on in-depth interview data, the current study examined accounts of the sexually related crimes that brought 28 men to prison. Analyses suggest varied perspectives among the men regarding pathways to and from their sexual offenses; some aligning with existing models, but others merging around different theoretical frameworks. Implications are discussed as they relate to treatment models and the desistance process for men convicted of sexual offenses.
Citizens without property: Informality and political agency in a Seattle, Washington homeless encampment
Authors: Sparks Tony
Published: September 2016

Often referred to as “tent cities”, tent encampments have, in the last 10 years, proliferated within and around US cities on a scale unprecedented since the Great Depression. Accounts of these informal dwellings tend to focus on the symbolism of the camp, the function of the camp as safe zone, or the camp as a site of apolitical or prepolitical identity formation. This article attempts to broaden and deepen the conversation on informal dwellings in the US by focusing on the tent encampment as a site of creative political agency and experimentation. Drawing upon a body of work referred to by some as “subaltern urbanism”, I examine how everyday practices of camp management produce localized forms of citizenship and governmentality through which “homeless” residents resist stereotypes of pathology and dependence, reclaim their rational autonomy, and recast deviance as negotiable difference in the production of governmental knowledge. Consideration of these practices, I argue, opens up the possibility of a of a view of encampments that foregrounds the agency of the homeless in the production of new political spaces and subjectivities.
The Affluence–Vulnerability Interface: Intersecting scales of risk, privilege and disaster
Authors: Eriksen Christine , Simon Gregory
Published: September 2016

This paper examines vulnerability in the context of affluence and privilege. It focuses on the 1991 Oakland Hills Firestorm in California, USA to examine long-term lived experiences of the disaster. Vulnerability is typically understood as a condition besetting poor and marginalized communities. Frequently ignored in these discussions are the experiences of those who live in more affluent areas. This paper seeks to more closely explain vulnerability at its interface with affluence. The aim is to challenge uncritical explanations of vulnerability. We also offer alternative ways of conceptualizing vulnerability as a material condition and social construct that acknowledges broader cultural, ecological, and economic conditions, which may offset, maintain or deepen true risk exposure. Drawing on in-depth interviews with residents and emergency service managers, the paper presents a suite of vulnerability categories that intersect to create two concomitant and competing conditions. First, vulnerability is variegated between households within communities, including those in more affluent areas. Second, household vulnerability is collectively altered, and oftentimes reduced, by the broader affluent community within which individual households reside. By paying closer attention to the Affluence–Vulnerability Interface the paper reveals a recursive process, which is significant in the context of building more disaster resilient communities.
Rethinking displacement in peri-urban transformation in China
Authors: Shih Mi
Published: September 2016

This article examines the spatiality of peri-urban villages in Guangzhou, offering an analysis that critically rethinks displacement as a phenomenon that need not be bracketed by the narrow spatial understanding of “physical uprootedness.” Building on ethnographic fieldwork research in Yonghe village, this article identifies and examines three mechanisms and forms of marginalization and dispossession that Chinese villagers have experienced during in situ urbanization: (1) large-scale expropriation of farmland to economic development zones in the mid-1980s; (2) subjection of collective assets to industrial land use by the planning authority since 1991; (3) on-going exposure to industrial pollution. The analysis shows that each of these factors is contingent on the previous one, and that villagers’ engagement with recent injustices cannot be separated from their disadvantaged positions in the past. This article argues that, while overt displacement by state-led development is a clear violation of the “right to the city,” in situ marginalization and dispossession without physical uprooting is equally problematic and exploitative.
Profits and Patriotism
Authors: Canning Ruth A.
Published: September 2016

Ireland’s Old English merchants, and especially those of the Pale, provided the English crown with vital material supplies, finance and intelligence throughout the Nine Years’ War (1594–1603). Yet, surviving official correspondence criticised the mercantile community for providing weak support and accused its members of favouring the queen’s Irish enemies. The reality was that they did both, but their reasons for doing so were complicated. Too often described as a homogenous group, Old English merchants did not all share the same economic ambitions, political views or faith. Examining the specific actions of certain individuals alongside those of the wider community provides a fresh angle on the conflict and sheds new light on the role of Old English merchants.
Tibial Slope Strongly Influences Knee Stability After Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Prospective 5- to 15-Year Follow-up
Authors: Gwinner Clemens , Weiler Andreas , Roider Manoussos , Schaefer Frederik M. , Jung Tobias M.
Published: September 2016

Background:

The reported failure rate after posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction remains high. Previous studies have shown that the tibial slope (TS) influences sagittal plane laxity. Consequently, alterations of TS might have an effect on postoperative knee stability after PCL reconstruction.

Hypothesis:

We hypothesized that flattening of TS is associated with increased posterior laxity after PCL reconstruction.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence 3.

Methods:

This study consisted of 48 patients who underwent PCL reconstruction in a single-surgeon series. Eight patients underwent an isolated PCL reconstruction, 27 patients underwent an additional posterolateral corner reconstruction, and 13 patients underwent a combined reconstruction of the PCL, anterior cruciate ligament, and posterolateral corner. Three blinded observers measured TS and the side-to-side difference (SSD) of posterior tibial translation (PTT) before and after PCL reconstruction using standardized stress radiographs. The minimum follow-up was 5 years.

Results:

At a mean follow-up of 103 months (range, 65-187), the mean SSD of PTT was significantly reduced (10.9 ± 2.9 vs 4.9 ± 4.3 mm; P < .0001). The mean TS was 8.0° ± 3.7° (range, 1°-14.3°) for the operated knee and 7.9° ± 3.2° (range, 2°-15.3°) for the contralateral knee. There was a statistically significant correlation between TS and PTT ( r = −0.77 and R2 = 0.59; P < .0001). In addition, there was a significant correlation between TS and the postoperative reduction of PTT ( r = 0.74 and R2 = 0.55; P < .0001). Subgrouping according to the number of operated ligaments showed no significant differences regarding TS or the mean reduction of PTT.

Conclusion:

Flattening of TS is associated with a significantly higher remaining PTT as well as a lower reduction of PTT. Notably, these results are irrespective of sex and number of ligaments addressed. Thus, isolated soft tissue procedures in PCL deficiency may only incompletely address posterior knee instability in patients with flattening of the posterior slope.
Changes in Therapeutic Intensity Level Following Airway Pressure Release Ventilation in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Fletcher Jeffrey J. , Wilson Thomas J. , Rajajee Venkatakrishna , Davidson Scott B. , Walsh Jon C.
Published: September 2016

Purpose:

Airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) utilizes high levels of airway pressure coupled with brief expiratory release to facilitate open lung ventilation. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of APRV-induced elevated airway pressure mean in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.

Materials and Methods:

This was a retrospective cohort study at a 424-bed Level I trauma center. Linear mixed effects models were developed to assess the difference in therapeutic intensity level (TIL), intracranial pressure (ICP), and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) over time following the application of APRV.

Results:

The study included 21 epochs of APRV in 21 patients. In the 6-hour epoch following the application of APRV, the TIL was significantly increased ( P = .002) and the ICP significantly decreased ( P = .041) compared to that before 6 hours. There was no significant change in CPP ( P = .42) over time. The baseline static compliance and time interaction was not significant for TIL (χ2 = 0.2 [ df 1], P = .655), CPP (χ2 = 0 [ df 1], P = 1), or ICP (χ2 = 0.1 [ df 1], P = .752).

Conclusions:

Application of APRV in patients with severe traumatic brain injury was associated with significantly, but not clinically meaningful, increased TIL and decreased ICP. No significant change in CPP was observed. No difference was observed based on the baseline pulmonary static compliance.
Flow control for suppression of self-excited rolling oscillation at high angles of attack
Authors: Geng Xi , Shi Zhiwei , Cheng Keming , Li Zheng
Published: September 2016

A cruciform-finned slender body can excite a limit-cycle rolling oscillation at high angles of attack. To suppress the unwanted motions, flow control approaches should be employed if the aerodynamic control surfaces lose control efficiency at high angles of attack. As a promising technology, the ns-dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator has been successfully used in high-speed and high-Reynolds-number flow control applications. The present work employs a π-type ns-dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator and vortex generators to suppress self-excited rolling oscillation at α = 50°. The free-to-roll tests show that the plasma actuator ignited at F+ ∼ 1.5 and that the vortex generators can suppress rolling oscillation. The flow patterns from particle image velocimetry measurement at different cross-sections and rolling angles suggest that the vorticity decrease of the leeward vortices may be the control mechanism for the plasma actuator. For the vortex generators, evident modification of the flow field structure can be observed due to the vortices generated from the vortex generators, which decreases the rolling moment induced by the asymmetry vortices to suppress the self-excited rolling oscillation.
“Pitching a virtual woo”: Analysing discussion of sexism in online gaming
Authors: Nic Giolla Easpaig Bròna , Humphrey Harvey
Published: September 2016

Issues of sexism and gender-based harassment have been divisive within online gaming communities with contested understandings of the presence of these issues, prevailing explanations and potential solutions. This report was prompted by the discrepancy between problematic representations of women observed in online gaming community discussions of these issues and women’s rich and complex accounts of their gameplay. Poststructural theory facilitated exploration of the construction of women gamers as important in the reproduction of and resistance to problematic gendered discourses. Analysis illustrates the politics of (in)visibility that women gamers negotiate: limited possibilities for women as “active” subjects and little recognition of women’s desires in gaming motivations. Findings highlight a need to engage with both the re-inscription of women as denoting a “secondary status” and the poverty of discursive resources available in discussion of these issues for transforming existing understandings.
Towards a Human Rights Based and Oriented Psychology
Authors: Hagenaars Polli
Published: September 2016

Psychologists have a societal responsibility for promoting human rights and preventing human rights violations. In 2013 a Board Human Rights and Psychology was established by the European Federation of Psychologists Associations (EFPA), in order to raise awareness of the importance of human rights for psychologists, and of psychology for human rights. In the first section a brief history of human rights is described. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and related conventions, as the most widely accepted standards for human rights today, are taken as the starting point. The second section shows how the principles of human rights are in tune with the ethical codes of conduct of psychological associations, and a plea is made for the explicit inclusion of human rights in these codes. The third section presents a social-behavioural science perspective on human rights anchored in the Capabilities Approach of Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum. The fourth section describes the involvement of psychologists in a human rights based-and-oriented psychology, through research and practice, but particularly through concrete actions. The final section emphasizes the importance of human rights education for psychologists.
Promoting Well-Being: Crisis, Loss, and Alcohol
Authors: Livingston Wulf , Thompson Neil
Published: September 2016

Well-being is a concept which can connect together a number of important ideas that have a strong resonance for professional education and practice across the human services. This can critically include considerations of illness, crisis, and loss. Such acute moments in individuals’ lives can be examined through their precipitating events, coping mechanisms, and responses. This article explores some of the dimensions of well-being and how they facilitate a greater understanding of illness, crisis, and loss. These deliberations are then exemplified through a focus on alcohol and other drug use.
The Possible Trajectory of Relationship Satisfaction Across the Longevity of a Romantic Partnership
Authors: Meyer Dixie , Robinson Brittany , Cohn Aaron , Gildenblatt Limor , Barkley Stephanie
Published: September 2016

This cross-sectional research investigation examined how relationship satisfaction varies as individuals in romantic partnerships become parents, as subsequent children join the family, and as children age. Results indicated individuals in romantic partnerships without children report greater, overall, levels of relationship satisfaction, more affectional expression than those with two children, and greater couple cohesion compared to those with three children. Of all the individuals in romantic partnerships with children, those who have a child between the ages of 8 and 12 report the greatest amount of relationship satisfaction. Research findings may guide counselors when counseling new parents providing information concerning what relationship changes to expect when they become parents and also to provide hope that as children age the couple may face less relationship stress.
Assessing natural resource management through integrated environmental and social-economic accounting
Authors: Morton Huon , Winter Etti , Grote Ulrike
Published: September 2016

Local natural resource management in its diverse manifestations holds core to its principles that the marginal and vulnerable households are empowered to manage valuable natural resources to improve social and economic equality and conserve biodiversity. Yet studies aiming to identify the impacts often show inconsistent results. Through constructing an integrated Environmental and Social Accounting Matrix (ESAM), we aim to assess how natural resources are used in different sectors and by different livelihoods, thus delivering different direct and indirect benefits to the community. The study was conducted in Namibia’s Sikunga Conservancy, which manages wildlife and fish resources in the Zambezi region. Our village-level ESAM shows an economic structure that strongly disadvantages remote households and identifies a small sector of the economy that benefits significantly from the use of natural resources. The ESAM approach is able to isolate undesirable socioeconomic developments such as unequal benefit sharing, which hinders community development.
Determining the Cost-Savings Threshold and Alignment Accuracy of Patient-Specific Instrumentation in Total Ankle Replacements
Authors: Hamid Kamran S. , Matson Andrew P. , Nwachukwu Benedict U. , Scott Daniel J. , Mather Richard C. , DeOrio James K.
Published: September 2016

Background:

Traditional intraoperative referencing for total ankle replacements (TARs) involves multiple steps and fluoroscopic guidance to determine mechanical alignment. Recent adoption of patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) allows for referencing to be determined preoperatively, resulting in less steps and potentially decreased operative time. We hypothesized that usage of PSI would result in decreased operating room time that would offset the additional cost of PSI compared with standard referencing (SR). In addition, we aimed to compare postoperative radiographic alignment between PSI and SR.

Methods:

Between August 2014 and September 2015, 87 patients undergoing TAR were enrolled in a prospectively collected TAR database. Patients were divided into cohorts based on PSI vs SR, and operative times were reviewed. Radiographic alignment parameters were retrospectively measured at 6 weeks postoperatively. Time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) was used to derive direct costs. Cost vs operative time-savings were examined via 2-way sensitivity analysis to determine cost-saving thresholds for PSI applicable to a range of institution types. Cost-saving thresholds defined the price of PSI below which PSI would be cost-saving. A total of 35 PSI and 52 SR cases were evaluated with no significant differences identified in patient characteristics.

Results:

Operative time from incision to completion of casting in cases without adjunct procedures was 127 minutes with PSI and 161 minutes with SR ( P < .05). PSI demonstrated similar postoperative accuracy to SR in coronal tibial-plafond alignment (1.1 vs 0.3 degrees varus, P = .06), tibial-plafond alignment (0.3 ± 2.1 vs 1.1 ± 2.1 degrees varus, P = .06), and tibial component sagittal alignment (0.7 vs 0.9 degrees plantarflexion, P = .14). The TDABC method estimated a PSI cost-savings threshold range at our institution of $863 below which PSI pricing would provide net cost-savings. Two-way sensitivity analysis generated a globally applicable cost-savings threshold model based on institution-specific costs and surgeon-specific time-savings.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrated equivalent postoperative TAR alignment with PSI and SR referencing systems but with a significant decrease in operative time with PSI. Based on TDABC and associated sensitivity analysis, a cost-savings threshold of $863 was identified for PSI pricing at our institution below which PSI was less costly than SR. Similar internal cost accounting may benefit health care systems for identifying cost drivers and obtaining leverage during price negotiations.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, therapeutic study.
Did Massachusetts Health Reform Affect Veterans Affairs Primary Care Use?
Authors: Wong Edwin S. , Maciejewski Matthew L. , Hebert Paul L. , Batten Adam , Nelson Karin M. , Fihn Stephan D. , Liu Chuan-Fen
Published: September 2016

Massachusetts Health Reform (MHR), implemented in 2006, introduced new health insurance options that may have prompted some veterans already enrolled in the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System (VA) to reduce their reliance on VA health services. This study examined whether MHR was associated with changes in VA primary care (PC) use. Using VA administrative data, we identified 147,836 veterans residing in Massachusetts and neighboring New England (NE) states from October 2004 to September 2008. We applied difference-in-difference methods to compare pre–post changes in PC use among Massachusetts and other NE veterans. Among veterans not enrolled in Medicare, VA PC use was not significantly different following MHR for Massachusetts veterans relative to other NE veterans. Among VA–Medicare dual enrollees, MHR was associated with an increase of 24.5 PC visits per 1,000 veterans per quarter ( p = .048). Despite new non-VA health options through MHR, VA enrollees continued to rely on VA PC.
Issue Importance, Third-Person Effects of Protest News, and Participation in Taiwan’s Sunflower Movement
Authors: Lo Ven-Hwei , Wei Ran , Lu Hung-Yi
Published: September 2016

How do news coverage of a grassroot protest movement and perceived importance of the movement affect people’s participation in the movement? And does people’s inference of the effect of the news on themselves versus others make a difference in participation? Informed by the third-person effect hypothesis, we examine these questions in the context of the student-led Sunflower Movement in Taiwan that rose in opposition to a trade pact with China. In the study, we advanced three propositions: First, that the perceived effects of the protest news on oneself would be a better predictor of political participation than would perceived effects of such news on others. Second, that the perceived effect on oneself, not on others, would enhance the impact of issue importance on participation in the movement. And third, how people processed protest news would be another intermediate mechanism on subsequent participatory activities. We found support for these propositions in data collected from a probability sample of 1,137 respondents. The implications of the findings for the robust third-person effect research are discussed.
One-dimensional model of fourth order for rods with loading on lateral boundary: The case of rectangular cross section
Authors: Pruchnicki Erick
Published: September 2016

We propose deducing from three-dimensional elasticity a one dimensional model of a beam when the lateral boundary is not free of traction. Thus the simplification induced by the order of magnitude of transverse shearing and transverse normal stress must be removed. For the sake of simplicity we consider a beam with rectangular cross section. The displacement field in rods can be approximated by using a Taylor–Young expansion in transverse dimension of the rod and we truncate the potential energy at the fourth order. By considering exact equilibrium equations, the highest-order displacement field can be removed and the Euler–Lagrange equations are simplified.
Analysis of performance of the daylight into critical liveable area of ‘type design’ dwelling unit on the basis of daylight metrics for hot and dry climate
Authors: Dabe Trupti J. , Dongre Alpana R.
Published: September 2016

Daylighting integrated with artificial lighting control is recognized as an important and useful strategy in energy-efficient building designs. The prediction of the internal daylight levels is a key stage in daylighting designs. For this research, the ‘type design’ residential quarters building as a case has been selected from Nagpur region in central India having a hot and dry climate. These ‘type design’ have the major issues related to the performance of daylight and thermal comfort due to lack of some rules related to sizes of fenestrations in the development control regulation. The aim of this research is to evaluate the most critical liveable area of a dwelling unit of ‘type design’ for daylight and thermal comfort. This research includes evaluation of the selected parameters by comparative analysis of useful daylight illuminance (UDI), daylight autonomy (DA), thermal comfort hours and carpet area to window ratio (CAWR) with the help of dynamic simulation by using ‘Daysim’, ‘radiance analysis tool’ and ‘temperature distribution tool’ of Ecotect 2011 software. The findings of this research arrive to derive the CAWR with respect to orientation (four cardinal directions) of the building without compromising the thermal comfort with respect to the temperature of a dwelling unit of ‘type design’.