bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Relatives of Intensive Care Unit Patients
Authors: Köse Işıl , Zincircioğlu Çiler , Öztürk Yasemin Kılıç , Çakmak Meltem , Güldoğan Evin Aydın , Demir Hafize Fisun , Şenoglu Nimet , Erbay Rıza Hakan , Gonullu Mustafa
Published: July 2015

Aim:

To determine the incidences of anxiety and depression in relatives of patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) and to investigate the relationships between psychological symptoms and demographic features of the patients and their relatives.

Methodology:

Relatives of 78 ICU patients were enrolled in the study. Sociodemographic features of patients and their relatives were recorded. The Turkish version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to assess anxiety and depression.

Results:

Twenty-eight (35.9%) cases with anxiety and 56 (71.8%) cases with depression were identified. The mean anxiety and depression scores were 9.49 ± 4.183 and 9.40 ± 4.286, respectively. Anxiety ( P = .028) and concomitant anxiety with depression ( P = .035) were more frequent among family members of young patients. The relationship to the patient, especially being a spouse, was significantly associated with symptoms (anxiety, P = .009; depression, P = .019; and both, P = .005).

Conclusion:

Spouses and family members of relatively young patients had higher rates of anxiety and depression. In contrast to the literature, depression was more common than anxiety among the relatives of ICU patients. Further research is needed on the impact of cultural and regional differences on anxiety and depression rates in family members of ICU patients.
Morphological, structural, and thermophysical properties of zirconium dioxide–epoxy nanocomposites
Authors: Halder Sudipta , Goyat MS , Ghosh PK
Published: July 2015

Critical examinations were made to understand the thermophysical behavior of zirconium dioxide (ZrO2)–epoxy nanocomposite using differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetric analysis studies. ZrO2 nanoparticles in the size range of 20–30 nm were used as fillers. Ultrasonic dual mode mixing (UDMM) at two different amplitudes of 40% and 55% was employed to produce ZrO2-epoxy nanocomposites. Dispersion of less clustered ZrO2 nanoparticles in epoxy matrix demonstrates the importance of high amplitude of UDMM. Thermal degradation reaction kinetics of the nanocomposite was determined using Coats–Redfern and integral method of Horowitz and Metzger. Processing by the UDMM route at high amplitude not only significantly increases the glass transition temperature but also noticeably enhances the thermal stability of the nanocomposite. Improvement in thermal stability is attributed to the good dispersion of nanoparticles in epoxy matrix and formation of a large interface between epoxy matrix and nanoparticles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to understand the molecular structure of base matrix as well as nanocomposite.
Probability of demand satisfaction for hybrid production networks using a topological technique
Authors: Lin Yi-Kuei , Chang Ping-Chen
Published: July 2015

This article presents a topological technique for evaluating the performance of a hybrid flow-shop production system. Such a production system is modeled as a hybrid production network; each workstation of the hybrid production network has stochastic capacity levels. This article evaluates the probability of demand satisfaction as a performance indicator for the hybrid production network, in which the network has multiple lines and each workstation has a distinct defect rate. First, a topological transformation is utilized to transform a hybrid flow-shop production system into a network-structured hybrid production network; then, the hybrid production network is decomposed into several routes for flow analysis. Second, two procedures for two models (Model I considers the hybrid production network with parallel lines, Model II with intersectional lines) are designed to generate the minimal required capacity for workstations to satisfy the given demand. The probability of demand satisfaction is subsequently evaluated in terms of the minimal required capacities by applying the recursive sum of disjoint products algorithm.
‘Mayacene’ floodplain and wetland formation in the Rio Bravo Watershed of northwestern Belize
Authors: Beach Tim , Luzzadder-Beach Sheryl , Krause Samantha , Walling Stanley , Dunning Nicholas , Flood Jonathan , Guderjan Thomas , Valdez Fred
Published: July 2015

This is the first article to characterize the soil and fluvial geomorphology of the Rio Bravo’s fluviokarst watershed in the Rio Bravo Conservation and Management Area, northwestern Belize. Although the watershed has had little-altered tropical forest cover since c. 1000 BP, humans inhabited it for millennia, especially during the Maya Preclassic and Classic, c. 3000–1000 BP. We studied soils and floodplain formation in four excavation transects in the Rio Bravo to understand long-term human impacts on this watershed. Archaic to Preclassic ( c. 3000–1700 BP) sedimentation rates ranged from 0.82 mm yr−1 at Chawak But’o’ob to 1.5 mm yr−1 on the Gran Cacao floodplain. The late Preclassic through Classic ( c. 2300–1000 BP) rates rose 0.98–2.03 mm yr−1, and the Classic ( c. 1700–1000 BP) rates ranged from 1 mm yr−1 to as high as 9.12 and 16.27 mm yr−1 at ancient Maya wetland field sites. Post Classic rates dropped back in the one dated profile, and the well-developed topsoils indicate long-term surface stability. Older soils at the edges and higher islands of the valley had more vertic features and full Vertisols, whereas Vertic Mollisols and Aquerts have formed in younger sediments. We also present new evidence for late Classic Maya wetland field formation at Chawak But’o’ob, which shows field raising with canalization in this wetland of low ionic water. All the soil profiles with dating and stable carbon isotope evidence exhibited increased δ13C in the profiles through the Classic period sediments, although some were equivocal. The two wetland field δ13C profiles through the Classic period sediments increase by c. 6‰ at Chawak But’o’ob and 3‰ at the Birds of Paradise (BOP) Field center, although earlier BOP profiles increased by as much as 7‰. Hence, this watershed exhibits three large diachronic shifts: from lower to higher and again to lower deposition over pre-Maya, Maya, and post-Maya times. These changes along with earlier evidence for ancient intensive agriculture from 3000 and 1000 BP lie sandwiched between the ancient and contemporary little-altered tropical forest.
Framing ‘fracking’: Exploring public perceptions of hydraulic fracturing in the United Kingdom
Authors: Williams Laurence , Macnaghten Phil , Davies Richard , Curtis Sarah
Published: July 2015

The prospect of fracking in the United Kingdom has been accompanied by significant public unease. We outline how the policy debate is being framed by UK institutional actors, finding evidence of a dominant discourse in which the policy approach is defined through a deficit model of public understanding of science and in which a technical approach to feasibility and safety is deemed as sufficient grounds for good policymaking. Deploying a deliberative focus group methodology with lay publics across different sites in the north of England, we find that these institutional framings are poorly aligned with participants’ responses. We find that unease regularly overflows the focus on safety and feasibility and cannot be satisfactorily explained by a lack of understanding on the part of participants. We find that scholarship from science and technology studies productively elucidates our participants’ largely sceptical positions, and orientates strategies for responding to them more effectively.
Temperament as a Behavioral Construct
Authors: McCreery Michael P.
Published: July 2015

With the limited success of social skills training on particularly disruptive behaviors, researchers have begun to develop a more holistic approach grounded in temperament research that focuses on supporting underlying traits as they emerge during development. Based on this approach, this column provides a theoretical basis and practical guidelines for implementation, including tools for enhancing practitioner competence.
Acquired Fanconi syndrome in four cats treated with chlorambucil
Authors: Reinert Natalie C , Feldman David G
Published: July 2015

Case series summary

Fanconi syndrome (FS) is well described in humans and dogs, but has not been reported in cats. This case series describes four cats with acquired FS. On the basis of clinical signs and intestinal biopsies, all cats were initially diagnosed with alimentary lymphoma or inflammatory bowel disease. Treatment with chlorambucil and corticosteroids was started at standard doses, based on published protocols. Within 2–26 months of the start of treatment, glucosuria, despite normoglycemia, was identified incidentally on routine biochemical screening; FS was diagnosed with urine metabolic assays, confirming aminoaciduria and glucosuria in all four cases. Neither polyuria nor polydipsia were noted in any case, and only 1/4 cats had any clinical signs at the time of diagnosis. Partial or complete resolution of FS was seen in 3/4 cases within 3 months of discontinuing chlorambucil therapy.

Relevance and novel information

This is the first case series to document acquired FS in the cat, and the first to suggest a possible association between chlorambucil and acquired FS. Cats treated with chlorambucil should be monitored for the development of glucosuria, and discontinuation of chlorambucil should be considered if FS is identified. Further study into the association between chlorambucil and acquired FS in cats is warranted.
Can physical education and physical activity outcomes be developed simultaneously using a game-centered approach?
Authors: Miller Andrew , Christensen Erin , Eather Narelle , Gray Shirley , Sproule John , Keay Jeanne , Lubans David
Published: July 2015

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a pilot intervention using a game-centered approach for improvement of physical activity (PA) and physical education (PE) outcomes simultaneously, and if this had an impact on enjoyment of PE. A group-randomized controlled trial with a 7-week wait-list control group was conducted in one primary school in the Hunter Region, NSW, Australia. Participants (n = 107 students; mean age = 10.7 years, SD 0.87) were randomized by class group into the Professional Learning for Understanding Games Education (PLUNGE) pilot intervention ( n = 52 students) or the control ( n = 55) conditions. PLUNGE involved 6 × 60 min PE lessons based on game-centered curriculum delivered via an in-class teacher mentoring program. Students were assessed at baseline and 7-week follow-up for fundamental movement skills (FMS) of throw and catch, game play abilities of decision making, support and skill performance; in-class PA; and enjoyment of PA. Linear mixed models revealed significant group-by-time intervention effects ( p < 0.05) for throw (effect size: d = 0.9) and catch ( d = 0.4) FMS, decision making ( d = 0.7) and support ( d = 0.9) during game play, and in-class PA ( d = 1.6). No significant intervention effects ( p > 0.05) were observed for skills outcome during game play ( d = −0.2) or student enjoyment ( d = 0.1). Game-centered pedagogy delivered via a teacher professional learning program was efficacious in simultaneously improving students' FMS skills, in-class PA and their decision making and support skills in game play.
A randomized waitlist-controlled pilot trial of voice over Internet protocol-delivered behavior therapy for youth with chronic tic disorders
Authors: Ricketts Emily J , Goetz Amy R , Capriotti Matthew R , Bauer Christopher C , Brei Natalie G , Himle Michael B , Espil Flint M , Snorrason Ívar , Ran Dagong , Woods Douglas W
Published: July 2015

Introduction

Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics (CBIT) has been shown to be efficacious for chronic tic disorders (CTDs), but utilization is limited by a lack of treatment providers and perceived financial and time burden of commuting to treatment. A promising alternative to in-person delivery is voice over Internet protocol (VoIP), allowing for remote, real-time treatment delivery to patients’ homes. However, little is known about the effectiveness of VoIP for CTDs. Therefore, the present study examined the preliminary efficacy, feasibility, and acceptability of VoIP-delivered CBIT (CBIT-VoIP).

Methods

Twenty youth (8–16 years) with CTDs participated in a randomized, waitlist-controlled pilot trial of CBIT-VoIP. The main outcome was pre- to post-treatment change in clinician-rated tic severity (Yale Global Tic Severity Scale). The secondary outcome was clinical responder rate (Clinical Global Impressions – Improvement Scale), assessed using ratings of ‘very much improved’ or ‘much improved’ indicating positive treatment response.

Results

Intention-to-treat analyses with the last observation carried forward were performed. At post-treatment (10-weeks), significantly greater reductions in clinician-rated, ( F(1,18) = 3.05, p < 0.05, partial η2 = 0.15), and parent-reported tic severity, ( F(1,18) = 6.37, p < 0.05, partial η2 = 0.26) were found in CBIT-VoIP relative to waitlist. One-third ( n = 4) of those in CBIT-VoIP were considered treatment responders. Treatment satisfaction and therapeutic alliance were high.

Discussion

CBIT can be delivered via VoIP with high patient satisfaction, using accessible, low-cost equipment. CBIT-VoIP was generally feasible to implement, with some audio and visual challenges. Modifications to enhance treatment delivery are suggested.
‘The positive feel’: Unpacking the role of positive thinking in people with multiple sclerosis’s thinking aloud about staying physically active
Authors: Hall-McMaster Samuel M , Treharne Gareth J , Smith Catherine M
Published: July 2015

People with multiple sclerosis experience barriers to physical activity. Thought processes are interwoven with garnering motivation to overcome these barriers. This study investigated in-depth the role of positive thinking in physical activity motivation of two women and two men with multiple sclerosis. Participants thought aloud while completing standardised measures of physical activity, stages of change and self-efficacy, and in response to planned and spontaneous questions. Four themes were formulated using inductive thematic analysis: thoughts about purpose, self-efficacy, the past and reinforcement through positive thinking. These findings have implications for physical activity theories and delivering appropriate physical activity interventions to the multiple sclerosis community.
Muscular strength is associated with self-esteem in college men but not women
Authors: Ciccolo Joseph T , SantaBarbara Nicholas J , Dunsiger Shira I , Busch Andrew M , Bartholomew John B
Published: July 2015

Muscular strength is a well-known predictor of morbidity and mortality. Similarly, self-esteem is a predictor of health and well-being. The relationship between these two variables, however, is currently unknown. This study examined the cross-sectional relationship between maximal muscular strength (i.e. handgrip and one-repetition-maximum (1-RM) squat) and global self-esteem in 126 college students. Significant correlations were found between both measures of muscular strength and self-esteem. Further analyses revealed that these relationships were only significant for men. Based on these results, additional research is needed to further explore the relationship between muscular strength and self-esteem, especially in other demographic groups and longitudinally.
Estrogenic activity of wastewater, bottled waters and tap water in Finland as assessed by a yeast bio-reporter assay
Authors: Omoruyi Iyekhoetin Matthew , Pohjanvirta Raimo
Published: July 2015

Aims: Environmental pollutants appearing in wastewater, bottled mineral water, tap water, and bottled drinking water are potential, but yet poorly characterized, sources of human exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals globally. Here, we investigated the current situation in the most densely populated region in Finland. Methods: Influent and effluent bi-monthly samples from a major wastewater treatment plant in Helsinki were obtained over a preceding 2-year period at two time-points (in 2011 and 2014). Equivalent samples from a household water purification plant (located in the same region) were also analyzed, together with various brands of bottled still and mineral water as well as tap water from residential buildings. Samples were obtained in one liter sterile containers, extracted by solid-phase extraction method, and their estrogenic potential determined by a yeast bioluminescent assay. Results: The estrogenic activities of influent samples from the wastewater treatment plant in Helsinki were generally low (from less than limit of detection to 0.7 ng/L estrogen equivalent quantities (EEQ)), except in March and August 2011, when relatively high levels (14.0 and 7.8 ng/L EEQ, respectively) were obtained. Meanwhile, no estrogenic activity was recorded in any of the treated effluent samples from the wastewater treatment plant, influent and effluent samples from the drinking water plant, as well as tap water, bottled still, and mineral waters. Conclusions: These findings indicate that the purification method applied in Helsinki wastewater treatment plant, activated sludge with mechanical, chemical and biological purification steps, is effective in reducing estrogenic activity, and that tap or bottled waters are not a significant source of these compounds to the population in this region.
Facility performance evaluation to develop heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning system design and operation strategies for an office building in Mongolia
Authors: Rhee Kyu-Nam
Published: July 2015

A facility performance evaluation (FPE) study was applied to an occupied office building in Mongolia that would be replaced by a new building. The purpose was to identify indoor environmental quality (IEQ) problems and possible solutions in the current building to inform the design and operation of the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system for the new building. The results show that the IEQ of the current building was poor due to high temperature, very low humidity and high CO2 concentration, and that the poor thermal uniformity and indoor air quality had caused the occupants’ discomfort. Opening windows by the occupants in winter was one of the problems that affected the thermal comfort and the energy efficiency of the building. Based on the findings of the FPE, this study recommended the design and operation strategies of the HVAC system for the new building to improve its IEQ.
Cultural peers and penal policies: A configurational approach toward mapping penal landscapes
Authors: Karstedt Susanne
Published: July 2015

Globalization changed the comparative gaze and enterprise in criminology. The dialectics between global convergence and domestic divergence are nowhere more visible but in the realm of responses to crime. Rather than loosening their impact on penal justice and penal policies, cultural differences, national institutional settings and symbols are coming to the fore, and contemporary penal policies and systems develop along the fault lines of regions, the routes of colonial power or supra-national regimes. Recent conceptualizations of globalization focus on actors and mechanisms, thus advancing ‘agency-rich’ models in the comparison of penal systems. Using a ‘configurational comparative approach’ this article explores the role of ‘cultural peers’ in shaping the landscape of penal regimes in Europe. ‘Penal cultures’ and ‘cultures of control’ constitute two layers of configurations, each one with four peer groups. The European landscape of penal cultures and cultures of control emerges from different historic trajectories, different partners in and mechanisms of diffusion. Cultural and spatial nearness both are important, and processes of Europeanization seem to have an impact. Beyond convergence and divergence of penal regimes and cultures of control, Europe appears as a pluralistic community at best and a deeply divided one at worst.
Penal diversity within Australia
Authors: Tubex Hilde , Brown David , Freiberg Arie , Gelb Karen , Sarre Rick
Published: July 2015

In this article, we start from internationally developed models explaining growing punitiveness and increasing imprisonment rates, to analyse the penal situation within Australia. While the eight Australian jurisdictions share many of the characteristics that have been identified as being important determinants of the size of the prison population, local features of these societies result in significant differences in punishment. The aim of the article is to describe the main drivers of penal policy in four Australian states (New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Western Australia). Specific attention will be paid to the situation of Indigenous peoples and the impact of the country’s colonial history. It will be argued that the explanatory models can explain the trend in the Australian imprisonment rates, but not the different levels between these rates.
US punitiveness ‘Canadian style’? Cultural values and Canadian punishment policy
Authors: Marie Webster Cheryl , Doob Anthony N
Published: July 2015

From the mid-19th century until 2006, Canadian official policy statements (from both Liberal and Conservative governments) made it clear that offending was seen as largely socially determined and that it was the state’s responsibility to try to reintegrate those who offend back into mainstream society. In this context, imprisonment was seen as a necessary evil, to be avoided wherever possible. The era since 2006 looks considerably more American than Canadian. The policy elite in Canada has taken the position that those who commit offences are inherently ‘bad’ people and qualitatively different from ‘ordinary law abiding’ Canadians. Exclusionary responses are privileged as those who commit offences are seen as having chosen to forfeit their rights of full citizenship. Several broader (cultural and political) ramifications of this punitive shift in the normative orientation expressed by policy-makers in Canada are discussed.
Punishment, legitimate policies and values: Penal moderation, dignity and human rights
Authors: Snacken Sonja
Published: July 2015

Twenty years ago, we described how changing prison populations in western countries result from a complex interaction between criminality, external (demography, economy), internal (criminal justice policies) and intermediate factors (public opinion, politics and media). While the outcome of these interactions is contingent, we advocated a reductionist penal policy in order to curb penal inflation. Subsequent macro-sociological analyses and comparative penological studies raised important questions though concerning the possibilities for political action to influence levels of punitiveness. This article looks again into the scope for political decision making in fostering penal moderation in western countries. By elaborating on a relational concept of ‘legitimacy’ of policies, we argue that moderate penal policies can politically be legitimized through appeal to dignity and human rights as fundamental values.
Trigunas in organizations
Authors: Anuradha MV , Kumar YLN
Published: July 2015

The present study tests an alternative and indigenous theory of personality and explores its links with various aspects of organizational behavior. According to the Indian philosophy, trigunas (three trait-like components), namely, sattva, rajas, and tamas, are present in everyone, but it is the relative predominance of one of the three gunas that determines the personality of an individual. Sattva guna is reflected in equanimity, serenity, and poise. Rajas is expressed in high action orientation, ambition, lust, and so on. Tamas is the trait that is manifested in sloth and laziness. The predictive relationship of these three gunas with organizational citizenship behavior, job satisfaction, and job performance (task performance and overall performance) was measured using the method of multiple regression analysis. Data were collected in dyads using 82 mid-level managers and their subordinates working in various Indian banking organizations. Results confirmed that high sattva guna strongly predicted organizational citizenship behavior and high performance but not job satisfaction. Rajas was the second best predictor of these outcome behaviors (except job satisfaction) but was negatively related to them, suggesting that only when rajas was low would these desirable behaviors be exhibited. Tamas did not predict any of the outcome behaviors measured. This Indian perspective on personality has significant implications for cross-cultural management. These implications and limitations of the study are discussed.
Motor vehicle accidents and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: Garbarino Sergio , Pitidis Alessio , Giustini Marco , Taggi Franco , Sanna Antonio
Published: July 2015

The association between motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) has always been quantified as risk of MVAs for individual drivers with OSAS. We evaluated the expected injured patients per year attributable to OSAS-dependent MVAs in a general population. By combining OSAS prevalence and OSAS-dependent MVAs odds ratio, we assessed the population attributable fraction (PAF), an epidemiological tool that can be used to quantify the proportion of road traffic injuries (RTIs) attributable to OSAS. For an apnea hypopnea index >5, the weighed median and combined average of OSAS prevalence were 4.4 (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.7–7.5) and 4.7 (95% CI: 4.2–5.2), respectively; values of risk of OSAS-dependent MVAs were 2.83 (95% CI: 2.72–3.08) and 2.52 (95% CI: 2.07–3.08), respectively. The PAF showed weighed median and combined average values of 6.6 (95% CI: 4.3–9.8) and 7.3% (95% CI: 6.0–13.5), respectively. Our results show that about 7% of RTIs for a population of male drivers involved in MVAs are attributable to OSAS. This value can be used to assess the potential impact, on the reduction of incidence of the motor vehicle injuries, of prevention programs aimed at reducing the number of subjects with an undiagnosed and/or untreated OSAS.
Inspiratory muscle training during pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Beaumont M , Mialon P , Ber-Moy C Le , Lochon C , Péran L , Pichon R , Gut-Gobert C , Leroyer C , Morelot-Panzini C , Couturaud F
Published: July 2015

Although recommended by international guidelines, the benefit of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) in addition to rehabilitation remains uncertain. The objective was to demonstrate the effectiveness of IMT on dyspnea using Borg scale and multidimensional dyspnea profile questionnaire at the end of a 6-minute walk test (6MWT) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with preserved average maximum inspiratory pressure (PImax) of 85 cm H2O (95% of predicted (pred.) value) and admitted for a rehabilitation program in a dedicated center. In a randomized trial, comparing IMT versus no IMT in 32 COPD patients without inspiratory muscle weakness (PImax >60 cm H2O) who were admitted for pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) for 3 weeks, we evaluated the effect of IMT on dyspnea, using both Borg scale and multidimensional dyspnea profile (MDP) at the end of the 6MWT, and on functional parameters included inspiratory muscle function (PImax) and 6MWT. All testings were performed at the start and the end of PR. In unadjusted analysis, IMT was not found to be associated with an improvement of either dyspnea or PImax. After adjustment on confounders (initial Borg score) and variables of interaction (forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)), we found a trend toward an improvement of “dyspnea sensory intensity”, items from MDP and a significant improvement on the variation in the 2 items of MDP (“tight or constricted” and “breathing a lot”). In the subgroup of patients with FEV1 < 50% pred., 5 items of MDP were significantly improved, whereas no benefit was observed in patients with FEV1 > 50% pred. IMT did not significantly improve dyspnea or functional parameter in COPD patients with PImax > 60 cm H2O. However, in the subgroup of patients with FEV1 < 50% pred., MDP was significantly improved.
The Impact of Arts-Based Leadership Development on Leader Mind-Set
Authors: Garavan Thomas N. , McGarry Ann , Watson Sandra , D’Annunzio-Green Norma , O’ Brien Fergal
Published: July 2015

The Problem

Arts-based leadership interventions have gained a foothold in the leadership development literature; however, few studies have investigated their effectiveness. These interventions include music, drama, art, and performance and are utilized to develop dimensions of leader mind-set.

The Solution

In this study, an arts-based intervention (leadership drawing exercise) is evaluated. Utilizing a quasi-experimental, pre-test, post-test design, we evaluate the impact of an arts-based intervention on four dimensions of leader mind-set: emotional intelligence, leader identity, openness to experience, and feedback orientation. Leaders in the arts-based intervention showed significantly greater improvement in emotional intelligence, leader identity, and feedback orientation.

The Stakeholders

This article informs leadership development researchers, those making decisions about investment in leadership development and those who deliver leadership development. The article will be of interest to organizations that have to justify investment in leadership development.
Variation of pathways and network profiles reveals the differential pharmacological mechanisms of each effective component to treat middle cerebral artery ischemia-reperfusion mice
Authors: Dang HaiXia , Li KangNing , Yu YaNan , Zhang YingYing , Liu Jun , Wang PengQian , Li Bing , Wang HaiNan , Li Haixia , Wang Zhong , Wang YongYan
Published: July 2015

Using a system pharmacology strategy, this study evaluated the unique pharmacological characteristics of three different neuroprotective compounds for the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. A microarray including 374 brain ischemia-related genes was used to identify the differentially expressed genes among five treatment groups: baicalin, jasminoidin, ursodeoxycholic acid, sham, and vehicle, and MetaCore analysis software was applied to identify the significantly altered pathways, processes and interaction network parameters. At pathway level, 46, 25, and 31 pathways were activated in the baicalin, jasminoidin, and ursodeoxycholic acid groups, respectively. Thirteen pathways mainly related with apoptosis and development were commonly altered in the three groups. Additionally, baicalin also targeted pathways related with development, neurophysiologic process and cytoskeleton remodeling, while jasminoidin targeted pathways related with cell cycle and ursodeoxycholic acid targeted those related with apoptosis and development. At process level, three processes were commonly regulated by the three groups in the top 10 processes. Further interaction network analysis revealed that baicalin, jasminoidin, and ursodeoxycholic acid displayed unique features either on network topological parameters or network structure. Additional overlapping analysis demonstrated that compared with ursodeoxycholic acid, the pharmacological mechanism of baicalin was more similar with that of jasminoidin in treating brain ischemia. The data presented in this study may contribute toward the understanding of the common and differential pharmacological mechanisms of these three compounds.
The Paradox of Organizational Rigidity
Authors: Soltwisch Brandon William
Published: July 2015

This article proposes that similar rigidity effects that occur under conditions of resource scarcity and threat also occur in opportunistic environments characterized by resource abundance. As organizations acquire more resources, they become constrained in their ability to process information at the individual, group, and organizational levels of analysis. As a result, organizations are less likely to identify and adjust to potential threats in the environment, increasing the likelihood that exogenous shocks will lead to organizational decline and failure. A contingency model is developed to identify how managers can be mindful of the decision-making limitations caused by both opportunities and threats in the environment.
A New Sliding-Loop Technique in Renorrhaphy for Partial Nephrectomy
Authors: Lee Jung Keun , Oh Jong Jin , Lee Sangchul , Lee Seung Bae , Byun Seok-Soo , Lee Sang Eun , Jeong Chang Wook
Published: July 2015

Background. We developed a sliding-loop technique that narrowed both sides of the parenchyma in a porcine model and compared it with the conventional sliding-clip technique. Methods. Three pigs (30-40 kg) were reused following another experiment conducted by the same researchers. Bilateral kidneys were harvested within 30 minutes after euthanasia. Two partial nephrectomies per kidney were performed on opposite surfaces. All kidney defects were of the same size (diameter of 2.5-3 cm with a depth of 1.0-1.5 cm). The sliding-clip technique and sliding-loop technique were performed separately. In the sliding-loop technique, we created a 1-cm loop at the end of a Vicryl and placed a tetrafluoroethylene polymer pledget in front of the knots passing through the needle. The needle then crossed the loop after passing through the renal parenchyma. A Weck clip was placed and slid on one side to tighten the suture. Tightening was controlled with an equivalent force using a digital push-pull gauge. Three stitches were placed at each renorrhaphy site. The distance between repaired renal surfaces was measured at 5 different points (3 suture sites and 2 middle sites between sutures). Results. The results of the 2 techniques were compared by using the independent t test. The mean distance between renal surfaces was significantly narrower in the sliding-loop technique than in the conventional technique (1.80 ± 1.08 mm vs 5.28 ± 2.46 mm, P < .001). Conclusion. In the porcine model, the sliding-loop technique more effectively closed the partial nephrectomy defects compared with the conventional sliding-clip technique.
Dynamics of ferromagnetic nanowires in a rotating magnetic field
Authors: Yang Lixin , Zhao Nan , Liu Dong
Published: July 2015

Manipulating nanowires with external magnetic fields has emerged as a powerful tool in various engineering applications, which prompts an urgent need to better understand the dynamics of nanowire rotation under different control conditions. In this article, the motion of ferromagnetic nickel (Ni) nanowires under a rotating magnetic field was investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The synchronous and asynchronous rotations were characterized in detail. Analytical models were developed for the major modes of motion by solving the governing equations of rotation. Particularly, a selection of theoretical formula for fluid viscous torque on nanowires of large aspect ratios was made based on the computational fluid dynamics simulation results. The comparisons of the theoretical prediction and the experimental data showed very good agreement. The effects of various system variables, such as the strength and rotating frequency of the magnetic field and the nanowire aspect ratio, were examined. Hence, the insights gained from this work can be applied to future exploration of magnetic manipulation of nanowires.
Research involving people with a learning disability – methodological challenges and ethical considerations
Authors: Goldsmith Lesley , Skirton Heather
Published: July 2015

The aims of the original study referred to in this paper were to explore the information needs of people with learning disabilities with respect to consent for genomic tests, and to identify ways of facilitating informed consent for such tests. In this research methods review paper, we consider the ethical issues involved in recruitment for our study and describe the process of recruiting vulnerable participants via gatekeepers. We discuss the ethical issues under the themes ‘freedom from coercion’, ‘disclosure of information’ and ‘competence’. In conclusion, we acknowledge the paradox that exists in learning disability research: the importance of protecting members of a vulnerable group against the need to include people with a learning disability in order to gather the best possible evidence. However, a focus on wider inclusion will result in a more robust body of knowledge concerning the health and welfare of people with learning disabilities.
How I Met My Publisher: Casual and Serial Intermediaries in First-Time Authors’ Publication in the Italian Literary Field
Authors: Pareschi Luca
Published: July 2015

Which cultural intermediaries are involved in the search for, and selection of, aspiring authors in the Italian book publishing industry? What do they do and why? I provide an in-depth description of cultural intermediaries involved in book production, based on a study of the Italian literary field, which has been characterised in recent years by an intense search for successful books by first-time authors. I find that two types of intermediaries are involved in the book pre-selection process: casual intermediaries who occasionally build on their position within the field to broker manuscripts between aspiring authors and publishers, and serial intermediaries who choose repeatedly to act as gatekeepers. Both types of intermediaries are rewarded with social capital, whereas serial intermediaries earn symbolic capital as well. Publishers rely on the same intermediaries for the selection of both literary and popular fiction. Cooperation among agents in the field is more common than expected.
High revision rates with the metal-on-metal Motec carpometacarpal joint prosthesis
Authors: Thillemann J. K. , Thillemann T. M. , Munk B. , Krøner K.
Published: July 2015

We retrospectively evaluated a consecutive series of 42 Motec thumb carpometacarpal total joint arthroplasties. The primary endpoint was revision with implant removal and trapeziectomy. At follow-up the disability of the arm shoulder and hand (DASH) score, pain on numerical rating scale at rest and with activity and serum chrome and cobalt concentrations were assessed for both unrevised and revised patients. At a mean follow-up of 26 months, 17 patients had been revised. The 2 year cumulative revision rate was 42% (95% CI, 28–60%). The DASH score and pain scores at rest and with activity were comparable between the patients whose thumbs remained unrevised and those revised. Patients with elevated serum chrome and cobalt levels had significantly higher DASH and pain scores, but elevated levels were not associated with revision. The revision rate in this study is unacceptably high. However, pain and DASH scores after revision are acceptable and comparable with patients with non-revised implants.

Level of evidence: IV
Designing With Empathy
Authors: Carmel-Gilfilen Candy , Portillo Margaret
Published: July 2015

Objective:

Designers can and should play a critical role in shaping a holistic healthcare experience by creating empathetic design solutions that foster a culture of care for patients, families, and staff. Using narrative inquiry as a design tool, this case study shares strategies for promoting empathy.

Background:

Designing for patient-centered care infuses empathy into the creative process. Narrative inquiry offers a methodology to think about and create empathetic design that enhances awareness, responsiveness, and accountability.

Methods:

This article shares discoveries from a studio on empathetic design within an outpatient cancer care center. The studio engaged students in narrative techniques throughout the design process by incorporating aural, visual, and written storytelling. Benchmarking, observations, and interviews were merged with data drawn from scholarly evidence-based design literature reviews.

Results:

Using an empathy-focused design process not only motivated students to be more engaged in the project but facilitated the generation of fresh and original ideas. Design solutions were innovative and impactful in supporting the whole person. Similarities as well as differences defined empathetic cancer care across projects and embodied concepts of design empowerment, design for the whole person, and design for healing.

Conclusions:

By becoming more conscious of empathy, those who create healthcare environments can better connect holistically to the user to take an experiential approach to design. Explicitly developing a mind-set that raises empathy to the forefront of the design process offers a breakthrough in design thinking that bridges the gap between what might be defined as “good design” and patient-centered care.
Adding Value by Hospital Real Estate
Authors: van der Zwart Johan , van der Voordt Theo J. M.
Published: July 2015

Objectives:

To explore how hospital real estate can add value to the healthcare organization, which values are prioritized in practice, and why.

Background:

Dutch healthcare organizations are self-responsible for the costs and benefits of their accommodation. Meanwhile, a lively debate is going on about possible added values of corporate and public real estate in the fields of corporate real estate management and facility management. This article connects both worlds and compares insights from literature with experiences from practice.

Methods:

Added values extracted from literature have been discussed with 15 chief executive officers and project leaders of recently newly built hospitals in the Netherlands. Interviewees were asked (1) which values are included in the design and management of their hospital and why, (2) to prioritize most important values from a list of nine predefined values, and (3) to explain how the chosen real estate decisions are supposed to support organizational objectives.

Results:

Stimulating innovation, user satisfaction, and improving organizational culture are most highly valued, followed by improving productivity, reducing building costs, and creating building flexibility. Image, risk control, and financing possibilities got lower rankings. The findings have been used to develop a value-impact matrix that connects nine values to various stakeholders and possible interventions.

Conclusion:

The findings and the value-impact matrix can make different stakeholders aware of many possible added values of hospital real estate, potential synergy and conflicts between different values, and how to steer on value add in different phases of the life cycle.
In Vitro Toxicity of Local Anesthetics and Corticosteroids on Chondrocyte and Synoviocyte Viability and Metabolism
Authors: Sherman Seth L. , Khazai Ravand S. , James Christopher H. , Stoker Aaron M. , Flood David L. , Cook James L.
Published: July 2015

Objective:

There is growing concern that intra-articular injection of local anesthetic and/or corticosteroids may cause significant morbidity, including potential toxicity to chondrocytes and synoviocytes, after even a single exposure. We demonstrate that full thickness canine chondral and synovial samples exposed to various local anesthetics and corticosteroids exhibit decreased loss of cell viability compared with prior in vitro studies using monolayer culture, due to the protective effects of intact extracellular matrix and cell heterogeneity.

Methods:

Full-thickness cartilage and synovial explants were obtained from canine cadavers and exposed in culture media to the following for 24 hours: 1% lidocaine, 0.5% lidocaine, 0.25% bupivacaine, 0.125% bupvacaine, 0.0625% bupivacaine, betamethasone acetate, methylprednisolone acetate, triamcinolone acetonide, or culture media only (control). Cell viability was determined on days 1 and 7 of culture using a microscopic live-dead and alamar blue metabolic assays.

Results:

Complete loss of chondrocyte and synoviocyte viability was noted in the 1% and 0.5% lidocaine group, 0.25% and 0.125% bupivacaine group, betamethasone group, and methylprednisolone groups after 1 and 7 days of culture. Treatment with 0.0625% bupivacaine and triamcinolone demonstrated no decrease in cell viability or metabolism when compared to negative control.

Conclusions:

In this canine explant model, 1% and 0.5% lidocaine, 0.25% and 0.125% bupivacaine, betamethasone acetate, and methylpresdnisolone acetate were severely chondrotoxic and synoviotoxic after a single exposure, despite intact extracellular matrix. In contrast, chondrocytes and synoviocytes exposed to 0.0625% bupivacaine and triamcinolone remained viable after treatment. Further in vivo study is needed before definitive recommendations can be made.
Emotional Profile and Intellectual Functioning
Authors: Alesi Marianna , Rappo Gaetano , Pepi Annamaria
Published: July 2015

Insufficient literature has been produced addressing children with borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) and gifted intellectual functioning (GIF). The goal of this work is to compare levels of self-esteem, depression, anxiety at school, and insecurity among children with BIF and GIF, and a control group of average intellectual functioning (AIF). There were participants of 104 children (fourth grade of primary school). Analyses revealed that children with BIF showed a lower level of self-esteem and higher levels of depression and school anxiety. Moreover, our findings highlight the co-occurrence of school anxiety, depressed mood, and insecurity among the BIF and AIF groups. One of the issues that emerge from this study is the need to implement prevention programs aimed at identifying children with lower or higher levels of intellectual functioning. These findings highlight the importance of establishing what the most appropriate educational and clinical interventions are in reducing the risks of mental disorders in this population.
Student Teachers’ Self-Appraised Problem-Solving Ability and Willingness to Engage in Troubleshooting Activities
Authors: Labe Benedict Iorzer
Published: July 2015

The purpose of this research was to determine the extent of student teachers’ willingness to engage in troubleshooting activities and their technological problem-solving self-appraised ability. The study used a cross-sectional descriptive correlational design to collect data from 310 purposively random sampled students from three universities in Northern Nigeria. Results of data analyses indicated that student teachers from the universities surveyed reported a moderate willingness to engage in troubleshooting activities as well as a moderately positive self-appraisal of their problem-solving ability. The student teachers’ willingness to engage in troubleshooting activities was also significantly related to the pattern of their self-appraised problem-solving ability. It was therefore concluded that the findings from this research do not support the pedestrian view that students from Nigerian universities are reluctant to engage in problem-solving activities.
Coaches’ Adoption and Implementation of Sport Canada’s Long-Term Athlete Development Model
Authors: Beaudoin Charlotte , Callary Bettina , Trudeau François
Published: July 2015

This work explores the adoption and implementation of Sport Canada’s long-term athlete development (LTAD) model by coaches and tries to understand the barriers to and enablers of these processes. LTAD adoption was studied in 14 coaches (5 female, 9 male) in seven sports while implementation was assessed among 10 different coaches (2 female, 8 male) from nine sports. Semistructured interviews ascertained coaches’ perceptions of and experiences with the LTAD model in their coaching practice. Coaches adhered to the global vision and general principles of LTAD. However, several barriers to LTAD adoption and implementation were identified. A mismatch between the model’s long-term and the short-term visions of results in sport was perceived as deterrent to LTAD adoption and implementation. Coaches involved in early development sports mentioned a lack of compatibility of LTAD with the demands of their sport. Coaches also perceived complexity in LTAD athlete’s developmental stage determination and the identification of “windows of opportunity” or critical periods. These barriers should be addressed to complete diffusion of LTAD among Canadian coaches.