bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hogyan támogathatja a közösség a fenntarthatóbb életmódot? Egy részvételi kutatás tapasztalatai
Authors: Neulinger Agnes , Nagy Míra Júlia , Petróczi Zsuzsa , Kiss Gabriella , Veress Tamás , Lazányi Orsolya
Published: June 2023

A TANULMÁNY CÉLJAI
A mélyülő, globális léptékű ökológiai válság meghatározó előidézőinek egyike a fenntarthatatlan termelési és fogyasztási módok terjedése. Az elmozdulás a fenntartható életmód felé szükségszerű, azonban számos nehézségbe ütközhet. Jelen kutatás a tényleges viselkedésre és annak változására fókuszálva mutatja be a közösség jelentőségét a fenntartható életmód ösztönzésére, miközben hangsúlyozza a részvételi kutatásban rejlő lehetőségeket.
ALKALMAZOTT MÓDSZERTAN
Részvételi kutatást végeztünk nagyvárosi egyetemista és friss diplomás fiatalok körében, úgynevezett ökoklubok segítségével. Kvalitatív elemzésünk adatforrásai a fenntarthatóságra törekvő viselkedésről készített előzetes felmérés, az ökoklub találkozók online videofelvételei és azok leiratai, a fenntartható életmódhoz kapcsolódó heti mérések adatai, valamint egyéni reflexiós szövegek és utólagos mélyinterjúk voltak.
LEGFONTOSABB EREDMÉNYEK
Kutatási eredményeink megerősítették a közösség fontosságát a fenntartható életmód felé való elmozdulásban. Az ökoklub elméleti és gyakorlati tudást adott a résztvevőknek, miközben a fogyasztói felhatalmazódás eszközeként is szolgált. Emellett kutatásunk feltárta a fenntartható szándék és a magatartás közötti eltérés jellemző okait, valamint azokat a tényezőket, amelyek segítik és akadályozzák a fenntartható életmód követését. Eredményeink egyértelműen jelzik a részvételi kutatás hasznosságát a fenntarthatóbb életmód és fogyasztás vizsgálatában.
GYAKORLATI JAVASLATOK
Eredményeink szerint a fenntartható életmód elsajátításához segítségre van szüksége a fogyasztóknak, amely érkezhet az állami, a civil és a vállalati szféra szereplőitől egyaránt. Kutatásunk eredményei a fenntarthatósággal foglalkozó közösségeken keresztül kapott támogatás hasznossága mellett érvelnek. Kutatásmódszertani szempontból pedig javasoljuk a részvételi kutatás használatát a téma mélyebb megértéséhez.
EEG Decoding Reveals Neural Predictions for Naturalistic Material Behaviors
Authors: Kaiser Daniel , Stecher Rico , Doerschner Katja
Published: June 2023

Material properties, such as softness or stickiness, determine how an object can be used. Based on our real-life experience, we form strong expectations about how objects should behave under force, given their typical material properties. Such expectations have been shown to modulate perceptual processes, but we currently do not know how expectation influences the temporal dynamics of the cortical visual analysis for objects and their materials. Here, we tracked the neural representations of expected and unexpected material behaviors using time-resolved EEG decoding in a violation-of-expectation paradigm, where objects fell to the ground and deformed in expected or unexpected ways. Participants were 25 men and women. Our study yielded three key results: First, both objects and materials were represented rapidly and in a temporally sustained fashion. Second, objects exhibiting unexpected material behaviors were more successfully decoded than objects exhibiting expected behaviors within 190 ms after the impact, which might indicate additional processing demands when expectations are unmet. Third, general signals of expectation fulfillment that generalize across specific objects and materials were found within the first 150 ms after the impact. Together, our results provide new insights into the temporal neural processing cascade that underlies the analysis of real-world material behaviors. They reveal a sequence of predictions, with cortical signals progressing from a general signature of expectation fulfillment toward increased processing of unexpected material behaviors.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn the real world, we can make accurate predictions about how an object's material shapes its behavior: For instance, we know that cups are typically made of porcelain and shatter when we accidentally drop them. Here, we use EEG to experimentally test how expectations about material behaviors impact neural processing. We showed our participants videos of objects that exhibited expected material behaviors (e.g., a glass shattering when falling to the ground) or unexpected material behaviors (e.g., a glass melting on impact). Our results reveal a hierarchy of predictions in cortex: The visual system rapidly generates signals that index whether expectations about material behaviors are met. These signals are followed by increased processing of objects displaying unexpected material behaviors.
The Amyloid Precursor Protein Regulates Synaptic Transmission at Medial Perforant Path Synapses
Authors: Lenz Maximilian , Eichler Amelie , Kruse Pia , Galanis Christos , Kleidonas Dimitrios , Andrieux Geoffroy , Boerries Melanie , Jedlicka Peter , Müller Ulrike , Deller Thomas , Vlachos Andreas
Published: June 2023

The perforant path provides the primary cortical excitatory input to the hippocampus. Because of its important role in information processing and coding, entorhinal projections to the dentate gyrus have been studied in considerable detail. Nevertheless, synaptic transmission between individual connected pairs of entorhinal stellate cells and dentate granule cells remains to be characterized. Here, we have used mouse organotypic entorhino-hippocampal tissue cultures of either sex, in which the entorhinal cortex (EC) to dentate granule cell (GC; EC–GC) projection is present, and EC–GC pairs can be studied using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. By using cultures of wild-type mice, the properties of EC–GC synapses formed by afferents from the lateral and medial entorhinal cortex were compared, and differences in short-term plasticity were identified. As the perforant path is severely affected in Alzheimer's disease, we used tissue cultures of amyloid precursor protein (APP)–deficient mice to examine the role of APP at this synapse. APP deficiency altered excitatory neurotransmission at medial perforant path synapses, which was accompanied by transcriptomic and ultrastructural changes. Moreover, presynaptic but not postsynaptic APP deletion through the local injection of Cre-expressing adeno-associated viruses in conditionalAPPflox/floxtissue cultures increased the neurotransmission efficacy at perforant path synapses. In summary, these data suggest a physiological role for presynaptic APP at medial perforant path synapses that may be adversely affected under altered APP processing conditions.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe hippocampus receives input from the entorhinal cortex via the perforant path. These projections to hippocampal dentate granule cells are of utmost importance for learning and memory formation. Although there is detailed knowledge about perforant path projections, the functional synaptic properties at the level of individual connected pairs of neurons are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the role of APP in mediating functional properties and transmission rules in individually connected neurons using paired whole-cell patch-clamp recordings and genetic tools in organotypic tissue cultures. Our results show that presynaptic APP expression limits excitatory neurotransmission via the perforant path, which could be compromised in pathologic conditions such as Alzheimer's disease.
Analysis of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement with Rejuvenating Materials
Authors: CUI MING NG , ANIS AINA  , RAMADHANSYAH PUTRA JAYA  , NICOLE LIEW SIAW ING
Published: June 2023

Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is currently commonly used in road construction. Reclaimed asphalt pavement can enhance environmental sustainability while also reducing reclaimed pavement disposal issues. In this study, waste cooking oil (WCO) was utilized as rejuvenating material. There are different samples, where Sample A is the control mixture which is virgin mixture without rejuvenator contain 0% of RAP content. Sample B is the rejuvenated RAP mixtures including 25% and 50% of RAP content combined with WCO, while sample C is the non-rejuvenated RAP mixture containing 25% and 50% of RAP content. In addition, sample D is for 100% RAP content. Therefore, to evaluate the engineering properties, different experimental test, including Marshall stability and flow, dynamic creep modulus and indirect tensile strength are applied, and the optimum percentage was determined based on the result. The findings revealed that reclaimed asphalt pavement with rejuvenating materials enhanced the performance of stability and deformation resistance. Moreover, the indirect tensile strength increases with the increase of RAP content. Based on the findings, it can conclude that 100% of reclaimed asphalt pavement showed the optimum value and significantly enhanced the performance of reclaimed asphalt pavement with rejuvenating materials by reducing pollution.
Influence of Aggregate Size and Shape on the Compressive Strength of Concrete
Authors: Konitufe Claudius , ALIYU ABUBAKAR  , Sabo Baba Abubakar
Published: June 2023

This paper investigates the effect of the size and shape of coarse aggregates on the compressive strength of concrete. Concrete strength is aﬀected by the surface texture, grading and maximum aggregate size. Six different sizes of coarse aggregate have been selected for both angular and rounded coarse aggregate. The coarse aggregates were used in the production of concrete and tested for workability, density and compressive strength. The specimen was cured for 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days by full water immersion. The results indicated that under the same curing conditions and water-cement ratio, the compressive strength of concrete produced with both angular and rounded aggregates increased with increasing aggregate size, up to an aggregate size of 14 mm. The optimum compressive strength of 27.58 N/mm2 and 25.88 N/mm2 were achieved at 28 days curing and 14 mm aggregate size for concrete with angular and rounded aggregates respectively. Coarse aggregates with angular shape result in concretes with better compressive strength than coarse aggregates with a rounded shape. The model equation developed to predict the compressive strength of rounded aggregate has R2 value of 95.66%, and the higher the value of R2, the better the model fits the data.
A Review Study on the Potential of Microalgae Biomass Producing Biopolymer Material
Authors: Ahmad Noormazlinah , Nour Hamid Abdurahman , M. Osman Adil
Published: June 2023

This review focuses on the potential of microalgae biomass in producing biopolymer materials. Microalgae have gained attention as a sustainable and renewable source of energy and other useful products such as biofuels, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. One promising application of microalgae is as a source of biopolymers, which can be used as a sustainable alternative to traditional petroleum-based plastics. The review is conducted through a comprehensive search of electronic databases, screening of relevant articles, and synthesis of information obtained from the selected studies. The review also critically evaluates the strengths and limitations of the existing research on the potential of microalgae biomass in producing biopolymer materials. The outcomes in this review highlights key findings related to the potential applications of microalgae biomass in producing biopolymers and identifies areas for future research. The conclusions and recommendations of this review are important for guiding the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly biopolymer materials.
Investigation of Rectangular Shape Object Detection and Classification Using Python
Authors: Zulkefle Mohamad Hafizie , Abdul Ghani Ahmad Shahrizan
Published: June 2023

The existing fishcake machine can perform tasks to increase the productivity of fishcakes in the market. However, high productivity is not the only main purpose of a successful food manufacturing industries. The quality of the food itself need to accommodate the standard quality that has been lined by authorities to ensure that the quality of the food product must be at the best standard along with its high productivity. The objective of this work is to develop a monitoring method for detection of irregular shape and foreign particles of the fishcake during the fishcake production. This work will implement and uses both hardware and software elements to provide the best solution for the purpose of fishcake quality sustainability. Real-time image processing is the method used in this study by developing python program through Raspberry Pi 4. The algorithm of the programming is the main concern in this research. The library used for this study is OpenCV which is a common API used for computer vision.
Nilai Pendidikan Budi Pekerti Dalam Antologi Geguritan Lathi Karya Eko Wahyudi
Authors: Fitri Ana Harsiti Nur , Sulaksono Djoko , Rahadini Astiana Ajeng
Published: June 2023

This research is motivated by the importance of inculcating the value of character education to students through Javanese literary works of geguritan. The purpose of this study is to describe the value of character education contained in the anthology of Lathi geguritan by Eko Wahyudi. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The data source in this study is the geguritan in the anthology of Lathi geguritan by Eko Wahyudi. The research data are in the form of words, phrases, clauses, sentences in geguritan which contain the value of character education. Data collection techniques using document analysis. Test the validity of the data using triangulation theory. The data analysis technique used is an interactive analysis technique using the Miles & Huberman model. The results of the study show that the values ​​of character education contained in the anthology of Lathi geguritan by Eko Wahyudi include: religiosity, sociality, gender, justice, democracy, honesty, independence, fighting power, responsibility, and respect for the environment. Through geguritan in the anthology of Lathi's geguritan, the author wants to convey a message or message to the reader to become a complete human being with strong noble character.
Generative Facade Elements Recommendation for Diyarbakır Traditional U Plan Type Residences
Authors: Gökçe Salık Mizgin , Aykal F.Demet
Published: June 2023

Genetic algorithm (GA) are based on the continuation of fitter ones’ lives considering the natural evolution. Data are coded as genes in the genetic algorithms. Optimal solutions can be achieved through the methods of crossing and mutation performed on these coded genes. Facade elements of the buildings with an architectural design in this study are independent of sustainability-related concerns, suggesting a great issue for the new buildings to be constructed in the traditional pattern. Accordingly, using the genetic algorithm method, proposals were presented for the new door and window typologies with genetic fitness for the architectural designing process of the buildings to be constructed in Suriçi Region, Diyarbakır, Turkey. Shape grammar, fractal and genetic algorithm, three generative designing systems, were used as the methods. Utilizing the genetic algorithm method, a field study was performed for the proposal of new door and window typologies with the fitness value. The field study was assessed through the plans and facade analyses regarding six Diyarbakır traditional houses with U plan type in Suriçi region of Diyarbakır. An identity card was created for the plan and facade data of the buildings and transferred to the table. Then, the door and window typologies of the exterior facade elements of each examined building were crossed within themselves with the GA method. As a result of the crossover, alternative joinery typologies with a total of 31 windows and 53 different door typologies with compatibility values were produced. Thus, the sustainability of the data of traditional joinery typologies for use in contemporary houses has been ensured. In conclusion, optimal alternative typologies were presented in regard to every chopping typology assessed with the genetic algorithm method. It is thought that this study should be a method that can be used in the production of exterior joinery typologies of contemporary houses to be built in many different cities of our country, especially in the historical texture. Thus, by using the GA method for the production of exterior joinery typologies of contemporary houses to be built in the region, different designers will be able to obtain various designs compatible with the traditional architectural texture while preserving their originality.
User Perceptions of Shopping Centres with Different Spatial Configurations
Authors: Erdogan Ebru , Yildiz Zeynep , Erdogan H. Abdullah
Published: June 2023

This is the first study in the literature investigating the effects of different spatial configurations (open, semi-open and enclosed) of the shopping centres on user perceptions. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of shopping centres’ different spatial configurations (open, semi-open and enclosed) on the perceptions of users, investigate current trends and predict likely designs for consumer-wise shopping centres in the future. Accordingly, the open-air Konya Bedesten Bazaar, the semi-open Forum Bornova Shopping Centre, and the enclosed Kule Site Shopping Centre were selected as sample areas. The study questionnaire was administered to 300 participants to determine the participants’ demographic characteristics, reasons for choosing and visiting the shopping centre, and shopping centres’ physical, landscape and sensory effects on the participants. According to the results of the data analysis obtained by the SPSS program, it has been determined that contemporary consumer is less interested in enclosed shopping places, longing for the traditional bazaar. In addition to the spatial configuration, traditional market images and local values were seen to be perceptually prioritized for consumers. In this context, it is very important that open-air shopping centres, which are a new trend for users, emulate the traditional features, establish a relationship with the open air and the environment, and use real equipment such as green-water element, urban furniture strengthens the perception of the city in shopping centres. In addition, the concept of "freshness" was specified as the most important sensory concept by the users. It is essential due to forming a basis for determining the likely design criteria for future shopping centres, creating spatial configurations and fictions according to user requirements, and future theoretical studies related to this. The study contributes to the literature by providing valuable insights for planners, architects, and investors in terms of user perceptions for future shopping centres.
La révolte des Rifains contre le Makhzen marocain (1958-1959)
Authors: AZIZA Mimoun
Published: June 2023

Ce texte aspire à apporter un nouveau regard sur la question des relations conflictuelles entre les Rifains et le Makhzen marocain au XXe siècle, en s'intéressant plus particulièrement aux contestations sociales de l'automne 1958. Nous analysons plus aspects de ces contestations, à savoir leur organisation, les revendications des manifestants et les négociations avec le Makhzen, l'analyse de l'intervention armée et de la répression du mouvement et le procès des rebelles.
Past and present: memory as "present of the past". The case of the Rif hirak
Authors: Mouna Khalid , El Oualidi Oussama
Published: June 2023

Starting from the orality and experience of the Hirak actors, we conducted a series of semi-structured interviews and field observation, as well as the analysis of the web content of the Hirak actors, to express the relationship to the protest memory of the Rif. This memory does not present a logical sequence of events, but rather operates as a rhetorical approach to the past where the real and the imaginary move as elements that constantly shapes the "market of memory". As such, this paper seeks to capture the movements of inversion from a heroic Rif to a victimized Rif, and vice versa. We will show how the Hirak serves to renew memory, and how actors renew their action by making memory dynamic.
Propuesta Educativa para Mejorar la Seguridad Acuática del Alumnado con Discapacidad Intelectual
Authors: Calle-Molina Mª Teresa , Sanz-Arribas Ismael , Aguado-Gómez Raquel
Published: June 2023

Este trabajo expone un programa educativo sobre seguridad acuática en alumnado con Discapacidad Intelectual (DI). La duración del taller de salvamento y socorrismo se desarrolló en cinco sesiones de una hora y media cada una en una piscina climatizada. Para evaluar el aprendizaje y las percepciones del alumnado se utilizaron tres instrumentos: un diario reflexivo, una prueba escrita y una prueba motriz. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la propuesta educativa y recomendar líneas de mejora para futuros programas educativos de seguridad acuática para personas con DI. Para ello, se ha evaluado el contexto y los materiales, el contenido del taller y los instrumentos de recogida de información utilizados. En general, las valoraciones han sido positivas, aunque se hacen propuestas de mejora en relación con: ciertos recursos materiales, algunas modificaciones en los instrumentos de recogida de información y a la aplicación de otros recursos en formato digital y, también, con respecto a la disminución del contenido a desarrollar en el taller. Se concluye que este contenido es imprescindible para mejorar la seguridad acuática de estas personas.
Voces del Profesorado en Contexto de Represión y Lucha Social: Memorias Colectivas e Identidades
Authors: Mejia-Elvir Percy , Morales-Escobar Ibeth , Correa-Londoño Marisol
Published: June 2023

En el escenario del golpe de Estado en Honduras, a partir de 2009, se generaron diversas manifestaciones de represión al interior de los centros de formación por parte de autoridades afines al poder gubernamental. En este contexto, la investigación que divulgamos explora a través de la documentación narrativa de los docentes hondureños, su experiencia de represión al interior de los centros de formación en el marco de la lucha social. Para ello, la investigación se ubica en el enfoque biográfico-narrativo, con la participación de ocho docentes que reconstruyeron sus vivencias a través de la creación de relatos de vida autobiográficos. Los resultados revelan, desde el lente de la interpretación autobiográfica, la existencia de subcategorías como: historias de represión, subjetividades y emocionalidad, transformación de la identidad docente y formación para la justicia social en circunstancias de represión y lucha social. Se intuye que la documentación narrativa, además de contribuir a la reconfiguración de las memorias históricas, transmite la reconstrucción de la memoria histórica y posibilita visibilizar los puntos de quiebre generados en la identidad docente a partir de experiencias en diversas trayectorias sociales.
Evaluation of decay resistance for steam-heat-treated wood
Authors: Cao Yongjian , Lu Jianxiong , Huang Rongfeng , Zhao Youke , Wu Yuzhang
Published: June 2023

The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of steam-heat treatment on the decay resistance of Chinese white poplar and Chinese fir wood against the wood-rotting fungi Gloeophyllum trabeum (Pers.:Fr.) Murrill. The Chinese white poplar and Chinese fir specimens were obtained from Shandong and Hunan provinces, respectively. They were steam-heat-treated at 170, 185, 200, 215, or 230 oC with time duration of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hrs in an air-tight chamber that comprised less than 2 per cent oxygen. According to the standard GB/T 13942.1-92, the decay resistance experiments were completed with the wood-rotting fungi G. trabeum on an agar block test with 12-week incubation. The results of steam-heat treatment indicated that, compared to a weight loss of 56% for untreated samples, a weight loss of 45% decreased to just 2% for Chinese white poplar with an increase in temperature from 170 to 230℃. No weight loss was observed in the steam-heat-treated China-fir heartwood, sapwood, and untreated sapwood specimens, while only a weight loss of 4.739% in untreated China-fir heartwood specimens was found.
The Use Virtual Reality to Assist In The Preparation Of An Ergonomic Analysis Of Nuclear Facilities
Authors: Mol Machado Daniel , Mól Antonio Carlos de Abreu , Santo Andre Cotelli do Espírito , Vidal Mario Cesar , Lapa Celso Marcelo Franklin
Published: June 2023

Ergonomic Analysis consists of making value judgments about the global performance of certain man-machine or man-task systems and may result from a demand related to conditions and/or safety at work. However, during the performance of the Ergonomic Analysis, the presence of ergonomists can interfere with the work progress, which limits the observation time. Organizations that have risk areas have already been using simulated exercises to train their professionals. With the use of simulation tools, it becomes increasingly necessary to develop methods and techniques that allow the performance of this training, as close as possible to real work activities. In this context, this article proposed to create and verify if the use of Virtual Reality can help the Ergonomic Analysis of Work, developing scenarios and virtual simulation environments, contextualized by the Ergonomics perspective. For this purpose, a case study was carried out at the Institute of Nuclear Engineering where the Ergonomic Work Analysis and the modeling of the virtual environment were carried out. Finally, from the results presented, it can be concluded that Virtual Reality serves as a complementary tool to assist the ergonomist in the Ergonomic Analysis process, allowing him to use the tool to reduce risks, saving time and improving his performance.
Crispr-a novel approach towards a fortified immune system
Authors: Ranganathan Vasudevan , Madham Padma , Shankpal Prerana , Sheri Charitha
Published: June 2023

Human genome is extremely enigmatic and is known for its intricacy. The high level of its complex nature has indeed provoked several investigators to disclose the hidden insights which till date have been accomplished on a partial basis. Several facts in relation to the human genome has triggered curiosity among scientific demonstrators to further dig in to the roots of these fascinating molecular entities and one such fact that serves as the main basis for this article is the relation between human immunity and its genome through microbial perspective. Prokaryotes are considered as one of the most primitive biological facets that have led to the origin of complex life forms and evolution has made these unicellular contenders as an integral part of several biological forms including human beings. One of the latest and most researched aspects in prokaryotes is certain regions of the genome consisting of interspersed short palindromic sequence that confers resistance against bacteriophages (bacterial viruses) which is a consequence of viral infection. The prime objective of this review is to explore the same from the context of immunity in human beings. The current article attempts to emphasize on the use of CRISPR technology towards the benefit of human beings and its role as apromising tool to counteract clinical manifestation and safeguard the immune system.
Frequency of and Risk Factors Associated With Hospital Readmission After Sepsis
Authors: Dashefsky Hannah S. , Liu Hongyan , Hayes Katie , Griffis Heather , Vaughan Melissa , Chilutti Marianne , Balamuth Fran , Stinson Hannah R. , Fitzgerald Julie C. , Carlton Erin F. , Weiss Scott L.
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVES

Although children who survive sepsis are at risk for readmission, identification of patient-level variables associated with readmission has been limited by administrative datasets. We determined frequency and cause of readmission within 90 days of discharge and identified patient-level variables associated with readmission using a large, electronic health record-based registry.

METHODS

This retrospective observational study included 3464 patients treated for sepsis or septic shock between January 2011 and December 2018 who survived to discharge at a single academic children’s hospital. We determined frequency and cause of readmission through 90 days post-discharge and identified patient-level variables associated with readmission. Readmission was defined as inpatient treatment within 90 days post-discharge from a prior sepsis hospitalization. Outcomes were frequency of and reasons for 7-, 30-, and 90-day (primary) readmission. Patient variables were tested for independent associations with readmission using multivariable logistic regression.

RESULTS

Following index sepsis hospitalization, frequency of readmission at 7, 30, and 90 days was 7% (95% confidence interval 6%–8%), 20% (18%–21%), and 33% (31%–34%). Variables independently associated with 90-day readmission were age ≤ 1 year, chronic comorbid conditions, lower hemoglobin and higher blood urea nitrogen at sepsis recognition, and persistently low white blood cell count ≤ 2 thous/µL. These variables explained only a small proportion of overall risk (pseudo-R2 range 0.05–0.13) and had moderate predictive validity (area under the receiver operating curve range 0.67–0.72) for readmission.

CONCLUSIONS

Children who survive sepsis were frequently readmitted, most often for infections. Risk for readmission was only partly indicated by patient-level variables.
Propagation of the Weyl spinor packet through a potential barrier
Authors: Skalozub V. , Yarlik V.
Published: June 2023

We investigate the propagation of the Weyl spinor wave packet through a rectangular potential barrier. The coefficients of the reflection and transition are calculated. It is discovered that the Hartman effect, known in nonrelativistic case, is absent. The spinor could not exceed speed of light in the quantum tunneling. This is due to the simple dispersion relation for the relativistic massless particle.
Effective Hamiltonian for the system of the electromagnetic field and charged particles
Authors: Sokolovsky A. I.
Published: June 2023

A classical system of point charged particles and electromagnetic field is investigated in the general formulation, in which there is no direct interaction of the particles with each other. Particles are assumed to be non-relativistic for research simplicity. The point of view is defended that gauge choice determines the physical picture of processes in the system. The idea of extended gauge, in which scalar φk and longitudinal part Alnk of the vector potentials transform separately for large and small wave numbers, is proposed. Moreover, in the new gauge φk  ≠ 0 only when k ≥ k0 and Alnk  ≠ 0 only when k ≤ k0 , where k0 is a certain wave number. This greatly simplifies the study of the system dynamics, in which the transversecomponents Atnk of the vector potential are taken into account and do not change at the gauge transformation. Basing on the extended gauge idea, it is established that the system has a massive oscillatory mode described by a transverse potential Atnk and an oscillatory mod described by a longitudinal potential Alnk with the laws of dispersion (ωk2 + ω02 )1/2 і ω0, respectively (ωk = ck  is the dispersion law for electromagnetic waves in vacuum, and ω0 is the plasma frequency). These modes can be called electromagnetic and plasma ones. At the same time, effective interaction between charged particles is introduced, which describes the screening effect. A connection of our work with Bohm and Pines investigations related to the presence of plasma modes in a Coulomb system, in which they do not use idea of gauge transformations, is analyzed.
Influence of coordination environment and dielectric contrast on the spectral-luminescent properties of europium ions in the pores of film opals
Authors: Moiseyenko V. M. , Gavrilyak V. R. , Derhachov M. P. , Mukharovska V. S.
Published: June 2023

The photoluminescence spectra of the inorganic salt of europium C6H9EuO6 × H2O in the pores of film opals, with globule diameter D ≈ 300 nm on a glass substrate, were measured. In the measured spectra the radiative transitions in the energy spectrum of Eu3+ 5D0→7F0, 5D0→7F1, and 5D0→7F2 were observed at wavelength 580 nm, 592 nm and 617 nm, respectively. The presence in the luminescence spectra of the maximum possible number of components of the Stark structure of the 5D0→7FJ (J=1–2) transitions, equal to 2J+1, and the high intensity of the 5D0 → 7F0 transition indicate that the symmetry of the luminescence centers is low, not higher than C3. The dependence of the luminescence spectra on the additional impregnation of the samples with glycerol was established: smoothing of the Stark structure and broadening of the 5D0→7F2 band were observed, as well as a decrease in the ratio of integrated intensities I(5D0→ 7F2 ) / I(5D0 →7F1) from 3.6 to 1.9.
Computational study of electronic-vibrational spectrum of rotamers of 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole
Authors: Syetov Y. A. , Moiseyenko V. M.
Published: June 2023

UV-vis absorption spectrum of internally hydrogen-bonded enol structures of 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole is calculated for the transitions to the first excited state using the Franck-Condon approximation and harmonic model for vibrations. It is shown that the absorption spectrum of the structure with the hydrogen bond OH...O is shifted to larger energy by about 0.13 eV compared to the spectrum of the most stable structure with the hydrogen bond OH...N. The largest intensity of vibronic transitions to the first electronic state of the OH...O structure demonstrates high-frequency vibrations involving deformation mode of the oxazole ring, stretching of the both aromatic rings, and stretching of the bond linking the benzoxazole and phenyl moieties.
Measuring the reflection of electromagnetic waves from foam structures of varied foaming ratio
Authors: Drobakhin O. O. , L.A. Filins’kyy L. A.
Published: June 2023

A specific multi-frequency technique for measuring the reflectivity of constantly collapsing foam structures of varied initial foam ratio is developed. A measuring and computing complex implemented the technique is used. It operates in the microwave range from 38 to 52 GHz. Dynamic foam structures with an initial foaming ratio of 55, 108, and 156 units in the form of flat-layered foam samples with a fixed thickness are under measurement. It is shown that the use of foam structure covering allows to reduce the reflection of electromagnetic waves from metal surfaces significantly. The obtained measurement results confirm the possibility of measuring dynamic foam structures, and this technique makes it possible to separate reflections from the front and back faces of the samples, which is very important for the study of the syneresis processes of the foaming liquid and the destruction of foam structures. The results are useful for studying the radiophysical characteristics of foams and for developers of new foaming agents for various applications where electromagnetic waves are used.
A vizuális tulajdonságok mentén kiugró ingerek hatása az inger- és célvezérelt figyelmi folyamatokra: szisztematikus áttekintés
Authors: Pakai-Stecina Diána Tünde , Zsidó N. András
Published: June 2023

Háttér és célkitűzések

A figyelmi megragadás ingervezérelt és célvezérelt folyamatok által szabályozott működése a mai napig számos kérdést vet fel. A kiugró ingerek szerepe a figyelmi mechanizmusokban egyértelműen fontos, de továbbra is vitatott jelenség, az ingervezérelt és célvezérelt figyelmi mechanizmusok működéséről ellentmondásos elméletek és eredmények születtek az elmúlt évtizedekben. Szisztematikus áttekintő tanulmányunk célja a témában megjelenő kutatási eredmények rendszerezése és áttekintése, illetve az eredmények alapján a figyelmi folyamatokkal kapcsolatos megfelelő következtetések levonása.

Módszer

Kutatásunk során az APA PsycNet keresőprogram segítségével 14 angol nyelvű cikket gyűjtöttünk össze, melyek 33 vizsgálatot tartalmaztak. Az alábbi feltételek számítottak bekerülési kritériumnak: (1) tudományos (lektorált) folyóiratcikk, (2) empirikus tanulmány (nem áttekintés vagy metaanalízis), (3) fiatal felnőtt (18–30 éves) humán minta, (4) átlagos, egészséges minta, (5) a vizsgálatok viselkedéses és/vagy pszichofiziológiás adatokat közöltek a témában.

Eredmények

A szisztematikus áttekintő tanulmányunk eredményei szerint a figyelmi folyamatok alakulásában számos tényező mediálhatja az ingervezérelt és célvezérelt folyamatok interakcióját, mint például a kiugró ingerek színe, a bemutatásuk ideje és helye, a célingerrel egy időben megjelenő zavaró ingerek száma.

Következtetések

A célvezérelt figyelmi kontroll megvalósulása ugyan lehetséges, de számos feltételnek teljesülnie kell hozzá. Ha az egyszerre bemutatott ingerek száma meghaladja a négyet, illetve a célingerrel megegyező színű, vagy ahhoz hasonló zavaró inger is megjelenik a keresési mezőben, az ingervezérelt folyamatok gátlása nem lehetséges.
Confluent Kampé de Fériet Series Arising in the Solutions of Cauchy Problem for the Degenerate Hyperbolic Equation of the Second Kind with the Spectral Parameter
Authors: Bin-Saad Maged G. , Ergashev Tuhtasin G. , Ergasheva Dildora A. , Hasanov Anvarjon
Published: June 2023

We define the order of the double hypergeometric series, investigate the properties of the new confluent Kampé de Fériet series, and build systems of partial differential equations that satisfy the new Kampé de Fériet series. We solve the Cauchy problem for a degenerate hyperbolic equation of the second kind with a spectral parameter using the high-order Kampé de Fériet series. Thanks to the properties of the introduced Kampé de Fériet series, it is possible to obtain a solution to the problem in explicit forms.
Preliminary assessment of microplastic pollution in commercial freshwater fish species collected from four districts in Bac Ninh province
Authors: Mai Huong , Ngo Thi Thao Nhi , Nguyen Danh Thien , Bui Van Hoi , Dao Thanh Duong , Dang Thi Thom , Do Van Manh
Published: June 2023

Microplastics (MPs) are of emerging widespread concern, but amount of research done in freshwater environments and organisms is scarce compared to that in marine environments. Thus, the MPs identification in four freshwater fish at four districts of Bac Ninh  province were documented, including
common carp (Cyprynus carpio), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), and red-tilapia (Oreochromis sp.). MPs were found in the gastrointestinal tracts (GIT) of 100% of examined fish. MPs abundances have significant differences between all freshwater fish collected from ponds and local markets (except for red-tilapia), while no difference by individual of each species neither in pond nor in local markets. The median sizes of microplastics ranged from 1410 µm to 2706 µm. The MPs were dominated by purple in color (in pond with average 38%; in local market with average 33%). µ-FTIR analysis showed that polymers found in fish GIT mainly were polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene and nylon. These results showed that the microplastics was widely ingested by freshwater fish and help to aware people which fish are more contaminated with MPs to human consumption in Bac Ninh province.
AVCAffe: A Large Scale Audio-Visual Dataset of Cognitive Load and Affect for Remote Work
Authors: Sarkar Pritam , Posen Aaron , Etemad Ali
Published: June 2023

We introduce AVCAffe, the first Audio-Visual dataset consisting of Cognitive load and Affect attributes. We record AVCAffe by simulating remote work scenarios over a video-conferencing platform, where subjects collaborate to complete a number of cognitively engaging tasks. AVCAffe is the largest originally collected (not collected from the Internet) affective dataset in English language. We recruit 106 participants from 18 different countries of origin, spanning an age range of 18 to 57 years old, with a balanced male-female ratio. AVCAffe comprises a total of 108 hours of video, equivalent to more than 58,000 clips along with task-based self-reported ground truth labels for arousal, valence, and cognitive load attributes such as mental demand, temporal demand, effort, and a few others. We believe AVCAffe would be a challenging benchmark for the deep learning research community given the inherent difficulty of classifying affect and cognitive load in particular. Moreover, our dataset fills an existing timely gap by facilitating the creation of learning systems for better self-management of remote work meetings, and further study of hypotheses regarding the impact of remote work on cognitive load and affective states.
ESL-SNNs: An Evolutionary Structure Learning Strategy for Spiking Neural Networks
Authors: Shen Jiangrong , Xu Qi , Liu Jian K. , Wang Yueming , Pan Gang , Tang Huajin
Published: June 2023

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have manifested remarkable advantages in power consumption and event-driven property during the inference process. To take full advantage of low power consumption and improve the efficiency of these models further, the pruning methods have been explored to find sparse SNNs without redundancy connections after training. However, parameter redundancy still hinders the efficiency of SNNs during training. In the human brain, the rewiring process of neural networks is highly dynamic, while synaptic connections maintain relatively sparse during brain development. Inspired by this, here we propose an efficient evolutionary structure learning (ESL) framework for SNNs, named ESL-SNNs, to implement the sparse SNN training from scratch. The pruning and regeneration of synaptic connections in SNNs evolve dynamically during learning, yet keep the structural sparsity at a certain level. As a result, the ESL-SNNs can search for optimal sparse connectivity by exploring all possible parameters across time. Our experiments show that the proposed ESL-SNNs framework is able to learn SNNs with sparse structures effectively while reducing the limited accuracy. The ESL-SNNs achieve merely 0.28% accuracy loss with 10% connection density on the DVS-Cifar10 dataset. Our work presents a brand-new approach for sparse training of SNNs from scratch with biologically plausible evolutionary mechanisms, closing the gap in the expressibility between sparse training and dense training. Hence, it has great potential for SNN lightweight training and inference with low power consumption and small memory usage.
Complex Dynamic Neurons Improved Spiking Transformer Network for Efficient Automatic Speech Recognition
Authors: Wang Qingyu , Zhang Tielin , Han Minglun , Wang Yi , Zhang Duzhen , Xu Bo
Published: June 2023

The spiking neural network (SNN) using leaky-integrated-and-fire (LIF) neurons has been commonly used in automatic speech recognition (ASR) tasks. However, the LIF neuron is still relatively simple compared to that in the biological brain. Further research on more types of neurons with different scales of neuronal dynamics is necessary. Here we introduce four types of neuronal dynamics to post-process the sequential patterns generated from the spiking transformer to get the complex dynamic neuron improved spiking transformer neural network (DyTr-SNN). We found that the DyTr-SNN could handle the non-toy automatic speech recognition task well, representing a lower phoneme error rate, lower computational cost, and higher robustness. These results indicate that the further cooperation of SNNs and neural dynamics at the neuron and network scales might have much in store for the future, especially on the ASR tasks.
Self-Supervised Image Local Forgery Detection by JPEG Compression Trace
Authors: Bi Xiuli , Yan Wuqing , Liu Bo , Xiao Bin , Li Weisheng , Gao Xinbo
Published: June 2023

For image local forgery detection, the existing methods require a large amount of labeled data for training, and most of them cannot detect multiple types of forgery simultaneously. In this paper, we firstly analyzed the JPEG compression traces which are mainly caused by different JPEG compression chains, and designed a trace extractor to learn such traces. Then, we utilized the trace extractor as the backbone and trained self-supervised to strengthen the discrimination ability of learned traces. With its benefits, regions with different JPEG compression chains can easily be distinguished within a forged image. Furthermore, our method does not rely on a large amount of training data, and even does not require any forged images for training. Experiments show that the proposed method can detect image local forgery on different datasets without re-training, and keep stable performance over various types of image local forgery.
Painterly Image Harmonization in Dual Domains
Authors: Cao Junyan , Hong Yan , Niu Li
Published: June 2023

Image harmonization aims to produce visually harmonious composite images by adjusting the foreground appearance to be compatible with the background. When the composite image has photographic foreground and painterly background, the task is called painterly image harmonization. There are only few works on this task, which are either time-consuming or weak in generating well-harmonized results. In this work, we propose a novel painterly harmonization network consisting of a dual-domain generator and a dual-domain discriminator, which harmonizes the composite image in both spatial domain and frequency domain. The dual-domain generator performs harmonization by using AdaIN modules in the spatial domain and our proposed ResFFT modules in the frequency domain. The dual-domain discriminator attempts to distinguish the inharmonious patches based on the spatial feature and frequency feature of each patch, which can enhance the ability of generator in an adversarial manner. Extensive experiments on the benchmark dataset show the effectiveness of our method. Our code and model are available at https://github.com/bcmi/PHDNet-Painterly-Image-Harmonization.
User-Controllable Arbitrary Style Transfer via Entropy Regularization
Authors: Cheng Jiaxin , Wu Yue , Jaiswal Ayush , Zhang Xu , Natarajan Pradeep , Natarajan Prem
Published: June 2023

Ensuring the overall end-user experience is a challenging task in arbitrary style transfer (AST) due to the subjective nature of style transfer quality. A good practice is to provide users many instead of one AST result. However, existing approaches require to run multiple AST models or inference a diversified AST (DAST) solution multiple times, and thus they are either slow in speed or limited in diversity. In this paper, we propose a novel solution ensuring both efficiency and diversity for generating multiple user-controllable AST results by systematically modulating AST behavior at run-time. We begin with reformulating three prominent AST methods into a unified assign-and-mix problem and discover that the entropies of their assignment matrices exhibit a large variance. We then solve the unified problem in an optimal transport framework using the Sinkhorn-Knopp algorithm with a user input ε to control the said entropy and thus modulate stylization. Empirical results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed solution, with speed and stylization quality comparable to or better than existing AST and significantly more diverse than previous DAST works. Code is available at https://github.com/cplusx/eps-Assign-and-Mix.