bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous closure of degenerative lamellar macular hole with epiretinal membrane proliferation
Authors: Preti Rony C. , Zacharias Leandro C. , Cunha Leonardo P. , Monteiro Mario L. R. , Sarraf David
Published: October 2021

Background

To describe the spontaneous closure of a degenerative lamellar macular hole with epiretinal proliferation (LHEP) as documented with tracked spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Case presentation

A 54-years-old diabetic female patient presented with progressive vision loss in the left eye. SD-OCT illustrated LHEP associated with cystic fluid in the outer nuclear layer. Sequentially tracked SD-OCT showed progressive closure of the degenerative lamellar macular hole and resolution of the CME over almost 4 years, in the absence of any surgical intervention.

Discussion/conclusion

LHEP may represent a specialized form of degenerative epiretinal membrane associated with Muller cell activation. Spontaneous degenerative LMH closure may rarely occur with these lesion types, in the absence of surgical intervention, possibly due to Muller cell proliferation preceded by PVD.
Development of Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) from the Jazan region of Southwest Saudi Arabia under different laboratory temperatures: applications in forensic entomology
Authors: Bosly Hanan Abo El-Kassem
Published: October 2021

Background

Chrysomya albiceps(Wiedemann, 1819) (blowflies), family Calliphoridae, is important in forensic entomology, where the minimum and maximum postmortem intervals (PMI) are estimated on the basis of the developmental stages of Diptera larvae that consume dead tissue. The present study was designed to estimate the effects of different ambient temperatures (20, 25, and 30 °C) under controlled laboratory conditions on the developmental stages ofC. albicepsfrom the Jazan region, Saudi Arabia.

Results

The present study showed that the larval body weight and length were significantly increased when larvae were reared at 30 °C compared with corresponding values at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h at rearing temperatures of 20 °C and 25 °C; however, the weight and length were significantly decreased compared with corresponding values at 96 h at 20 °C and 25 °C. The pupation time was inversely related to the rearing temperature, occurring at 144, 124, and 120 h at rearing temperatures of 20 °C, 25 °C, and 30 °C, respectively. The pupal weight and length were significantly increased in larvae reared at 30 °C compared with those reared at 20 °C and 25 °C. At 20 °C, 25 °C, and 30 °C, larval durations of 5.00, 5.00, and 4.00 days were recorded, respectively. Pupae and adults showed gradual decreases in life stage durations, at 6.00, 5.30, and 4.80 days in pupae and 20.00, 18.70, and 16.90 days in adults, with increasing rearing temperatures. Average adult longevity at 30 °C (194.40 h) was significantly less than adult longevity at 20 °C (216.00 h) and 25 °C (204.60 h). The results showed an inverse relation between durations of developmental stages and rearing temperatures.

Conclusions

Insect laboratory colonization for the determination of biological characteristics of insects is economically viable for forensic entomology and as a technique for evaluating insect evidence.
Functional properties of protein isolates from camelina (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz) and flixweed (sophia, Descurainis sophia L.) seed meals
Authors: Ngo Na Thi Ty , Shahidi Fereidoon
Published: October 2021

Camelina and flixweed (sophia) seed protein isolates were prepared using both the conventional extraction and ultrasonic-assisted extraction methods at 40 kHz for 20 min, and their functional properties investigated. SDS-PAGE showed that both ultrasound-assisted and conventional extractions resulted in a similar protein profile of the extract. The application of ultrasound significantly improved protein extraction/content and functional properties (water holding capacity, oil absorption capacity, emulsifying foaming properties, and protein solubility) of camelina protein isolate and sophia protein isolate. The water-holding and oil absorption capacities of sophia protein isolate were markedly higher than those of camelina protein isolate. These results suggest that camelina protein isolate and sophia protein isolate may serve as natural functional ingredients in the food industry.

Graphical Abstract
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on medical students’ mental health and sleep quality in Jordan: a nationwide cross-sectional study
Authors: Alnaser Adnan Raed , Joudeh Rayan M. , Zitoun Osama A. , Battah Abdelkader , Al-Odat Israa , Jum’ah Mohammad , Battah Arwa A.
Published: October 2021

Background

COVID-19 pandemic is expected to affect the mental health, especially among medical students. Data from the literature in Jordan are scarce, especially during the second wave of the pandemic. We aimed to assess medical students’ level of fear, prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms—represented in psychological distress (PD)—and sleep quality (SQ) amid the current pandemic of COVID-19. A total of 2104 students were included through convenient sampling from the six schools of Medicine in Jordan. Online-based questionnaire using Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) scale, Fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S), and Sleep Quality Scale (SQS) was used to collect the data. Chi-square, t-tests, and ANOVA were used to establish the associations.

Results

88.4% and 47.4% of the students were found to have PD and poor or just fair sleep quality on SQS, respectively, with PD ranging from mild (18.6%) to severe (42.1%). Calculated FCV-19S score was 14.62 (SD=5.38), indicating high level of fear. Students with excellent SQ had significantly lower rates of depression, anxiety, and PD as compared to those with good, fair, and poor SQ (P < 0.001 for all).

Conclusion

Jordanian medical students appear to be especially susceptible to COVID-19 pandemic impact on mental health and reported high rates of PD. While rates of COVID-19 fear are still considered high, they are remarkably lower than that reported in early studies. We strongly recommend providing resources and access to professional mental health care to students reporting poor SQ and/or symptoms of anxiety and depression.

Limitations

Using a cross-sectional design, online-based survey, convenient sampling, and scarcity of local literature are among the inevitable limitations caused by the pandemic that have prevented us from drawing cause-effect associations.
Long non-coding RNA panel as a molecular biomarker in glioma
Authors: Ebrahimi Abdol Ali , Ashoori Hasan , Vahidian Farnaz , Mosleh Iman Samiei , Kamian Shaghayegh
Published: October 2021

Background

Glioma is one of the most malignant brain tumors, accounting for about half of the gliomas that occur in central nervous system (CNS), originates from the glial tissue of the brain. The aim of the present study was to determine the expression levels of 5 lncRNAs (MDC1-AS1, HOXA11-AS, MALAT1, CASC2, ADAMTS9-AS2) in patients with high-grade glioma in comparison with low grade glioma.

Methods

This was a retrospective study which determined molecular biomarker on pathologic glioma samples. We examined 100 patients’ pathologic block which consisted of 50 pathology samples of high-grade glioma (case group) and control group consisted of 50 pathology samples of low-grade glioma. This research was performed using real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique.

Results

The results showed that the expression of ADAMTS9-AS2 and HOXA11-AS genes significantly increased with increasing tumor grade. Also the expression of CASC2 gene significantly decreased with increasing tumor grade.

Conclusions

It was concluded that ADAMTS9-AS2 and HOXA11-AS and CASC2 are promising lncRNA markers in prognosis of glioma.
Long-term surgical outcomes after repair of multiple ventricular septal defects in pediatrics
Authors: Alshehri Abdullah A. , Alshehri Abdulaziz M. , Muthanna Aisha A. , Syed Aitizaz Uddin , Abdelrehim Ayman R. , Edrees Azzahra M. , Dohain Ahmed M. , Elmahrouk Ahmed F. , Jamjoom Ahmed A. , Al-Radi Osman O.
Published: October 2021

Background

Surgical closure of multiple ventricular septal defects (VSDs) is challenging and associated with a high complication rate. Several factors may affect the outcomes after surgical repair of multiple VSDs. We aimed to report the outcomes after surgical repair of multiple VSDs before and after 1 year and identify the factors affecting the outcomes. We have studied forty-eight patients between 2016 and 2017 who had surgical repair of multiple VSDs. We grouped them according to the age at the time of repair. Study outcomes were hospital complications, prolonged hospital stay, and reoperation.

Results

There were 18 females (60%) in group 1 and 13 (72.22%) in group 2 (P = 0.39). There were no differences in the operative outcomes between the groups. Prolonged postoperative stay was associated with group 1 (OR 0.23 (0.055–0.96); P = 0.04) and lower body weight (OR 0.76 (0.59–0.97); P = 0.03). Hospital mortality occurred in 2 patients (6.67%) in group 1 and 1 patient (5.56%) in group 2 (P > 0.99). Five patients had reoperations: two for residual VSDs, two for subaortic membrane resection, and one for epicardial pacemaker implantation. All reoperations occurred in group 1 (log-rank P = 0.08). Two patients had transcatheter closure of the residual muscular VSDs; both were in group 2.

Conclusions

Surgical repair of multiple VSDs was associated with good hospital outcomes. The outcomes were comparable in patients younger or older than 1 year of age. Young age at repair could lead to prolonged postoperative stay and a higher reoperation rate.
Tracheal lesion during shoulder surgery: a case report and systemic review of the literature
Authors: Vetrugno Luigi , Divella Michele , Orso Daniele , Deana Cristian , Vaccher Giulia , Drovandi Pietro , Beltrame Alessandro , Causero Araldo , Bove Tiziana
Published: October 2021

Pneumomediastinum (PNM) and pneumothorax (PNX) are documented complications of arthroscopic shoulder surgery (ATS). Plexus anesthetic block and tracheal lesions during endotracheal intubation are hypothesized to be the underlying risk factors; however, the actual evidence supporting this hypothesis is scarce.

A case of bilateral laterocervical emphysema, subcutaneous edema, and signs of PNM after ATS performed under general anesthesia and supra-scapular nerve block is presented. An up-to-date systematic review of PNM/PNX during orthopedic surgery was performed, involving six databases: PubMed (1996–present), Embase (1974–present), Scopus (2004–present), SpringerLink (1950–present), Ovid Emcare (1995–present), and Google Scholar (2004–present).

Twenty-five case studies met the eligibility criteria. In 24 cases, the patient underwent general anesthesia and orotracheal intubation; in 9 of these, a plexus anesthetic block was also performed. One case involved ATS under plexus anesthetic block only. In 10 cases, the diagnostic finding was PNM. In 5 cases, the diagnostic finding was associated with PNX. PNX was detected in 17 cases. In 2 cases, SE was found in the absence of any evidence of either PNM or PNX. A tracheal lesion was identified in 3 cases.

Endotracheal intubation and loco-regional anesthesia are not the only predisposing risk factors at play in the pathogenesis of PNM/PNX. Rather, multi-factorial pathogenesis seems more probable, necessitating that specific attention is paid during ATS to the change in patient position on the operating bed, to any slipping of the endotracheal tube, to patient monitoring whilst under the drapes, and to the cuff pressure. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021260370.
Testosterone Therapy With Subcutaneous Injections: A Safe, Practical, and Reasonable Option
Authors: Figueiredo Maria Gabriela , Gagliano-Jucá Thiago , Basaria Shehzad
Published: October 2021

Context

Injections with intramuscular (IM) testosterone esters have been available for almost 8 decades and not only result in predictable serum testosterone levels but are also the most inexpensive modality. However, they are difficult to self-administer and associated with some discomfort. Recently, subcutaneous (SC) administration of testosterone esters has gained popularity, as self-administration is easier with this route. Available data, though limited, support the feasibility of this route. Here we review the pharmacokinetics and safety of SC testosterone therapy with both long- and ultralong-acting testosterone esters. In addition, we provide guidance for clinicians on how to counsel and manage their patients who opt for the SC route.

Evidence Acquisition

Systematic review of available literature on SC testosterone administration including clinical trials, case series, and case reports. We also review the pharmacology of testosterone absorption after SC administration.

Evidence Synthesis

Available evidence, though limited, suggests that SC testosterone therapy in doses similar to those given via IM route results in comparable pharmacokinetics and mean serum testosterone levels. With appropriate training, patients should be able to safely self-administer testosterone esters SC with relative ease and less discomfort compared with the IM route.

Conclusion

Although studies directly comparing the safety of SC vs IM administration of testosterone esters are desirable, clinicians should consider discussing the SC route with their patients because it is easier to self-administer and has the potential to improve patient adherence.
Calcium waves facilitate and coordinate the contraction of endfeet actin stress fibers in Drosophila interommatidial cells
Authors: Ready Donald F. , Chang Henry C.
Published: October 2021

Actomyosin contraction shapes the Drosophila eye's panoramic view. The convex curvature of the retinal epithelium, organized in ∼800 close-packed ommatidia, depends upon a fourfold condensation of the retinal floor mediated by contraction of actin stress fibers in the endfeet of interommatidial cells (IOCs). How these tensile forces are coordinated is not known. Here, we discover a previously unobserved phenomenon: Ca2+ waves regularly propagate across the IOC network in pupal and adult eyes. Genetic evidence demonstrates that IOC waves are independent of phototransduction, but require the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R), suggesting that these waves are mediated by Ca2+ releases from endoplasmic reticulum stores. Removal of IP3R disrupts stress fibers in IOC endfeet and increases the basal retinal surface by ∼40%, linking IOC waves to facilitation of stress fiber contraction and floor morphogenesis. Furthermore, IP3R loss disrupts the organization of a collagen IV network underneath the IOC endfeet, implicating the extracellular matrix and its interaction with stress fibers in eye morphogenesis. We propose that coordinated cytosolic Ca2+ increases in IOC waves promote stress fiber contractions, ensuring an organized application of the planar tensile forces that condense the retinal floor.

This article has an associated ‘The people behind the papers’ interview.
Apolipoprotein A1 deficiency in mice primes bone marrow stem cells for T cell lymphopoiesis
Authors: Ouweneel Amber B. , Reiche Myrthe E. , Snip Olga S. C. , Wever Robbert , van der Wel Ezra J. , Schaftenaar Frank H. , Kauerova Soňa , Lutgens Esther , Van Eck Miranda , Hoekstra Menno
Published: October 2021

The bone marrow has emerged as a potentially important target in cardiovascular disease as it generates all leukocytes involved in atherogenesis. In the current study, we evaluated whether a change in bone marrow functionality underlies the increased atherosclerosis susceptibility associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) deficiency. We found that HDL deficiency in mice due to the genetic lack of hepatocyte-derived apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) was associated with an increase in the Lin−Sca-1+Kit+ (LSK) bone marrow stem cell population and lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitor numbers, which translated into a higher production and systemic flux of T cell subsets. In accordance with APOA1 deficiency-associated priming of stem cells to increase T lymphocyte production, atherogenic diet-fed low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice transplanted with bone marrow from APOA1-knockout mice displayed marked lymphocytosis as compared to wild-type bone marrow recipients. However, atherosclerotic lesion sizes and collagen contents were similar in the two groups of bone marrow recipients. In conclusion, systemic lack of APOA1 primes bone marrow stem cells for T cell lymphopoiesis. Our data provide novel evidence for a regulatory role of HDL in bone marrow functioning in normolipidemic mice.
Mitochondrial capacity and reactive oxygen species production during hypoxia and reoxygenation in the ocean quahog, Arctica islandica
Authors: Steffen Jennifer B. M. , Haider Fouzia , Sokolov Eugene P. , Bock Christian , Sokolova Inna M.
Published: October 2021

Oxygen fluctuations are common in marine waters, and hypoxia–reoxygenation (H–R) stress can negatively affect mitochondrial metabolism. The long-lived ocean quahog, Arctica islandica, is known for its hypoxia tolerance associated with metabolic rate depression, yet the mechanisms that sustain mitochondrial function during oxygen fluctuations are not well understood. We used top-down metabolic control analysis (MCA) to determine aerobic capacity and control over oxygen flux in the mitochondria of quahogs exposed to short-term hypoxia (24 h <0.01% O2) and subsequent reoxygenation (1.5 h 21% O2) compared with normoxic control animals (21% O2). We demonstrated that flux capacity of the substrate oxidation and proton leak subsystems were not affected by hypoxia, while the capacity of the phosphorylation subsystem was enhanced during hypoxia associated with a depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane. Reoxygenation decreased the oxygen flux capacity of all three mitochondrial subsystems. Control over oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) respiration was mostly exerted by substrate oxidation regardless of H–R stress, whereas control by the proton leak subsystem of LEAK respiration increased during hypoxia and returned to normoxic levels during reoxygenation. During hypoxia, reactive oxygen species (ROS) efflux was elevated in the LEAK state, whereas it was suppressed in the OXPHOS state. Mitochondrial ROS efflux returned to normoxic control levels during reoxygenation. Thus, mitochondria of A. islandica appear robust to hypoxia by maintaining stable substrate oxidation and upregulating phosphorylation capacity, but remain sensitive to reoxygenation. This mitochondrial phenotype might reflect adaptation of A. islandica to environments with unpredictable oxygen fluctuations and its behavioural preference for low oxygen levels.
Comparison of accidental pediatric scald burns in a tertiary care center: hot cauldron burns versus accidental spill burns
Authors: Nakarmi Kiran Kishor , Pathak Bishnu Deep , Shrestha Dhan , Budhathoki Pravash , Rai Shankar Man
Published: October 2021

Background: Scald burns result from exposure to high-temperature fluids and are more common in the pediatric age group. They occur mainly by two mechanisms: (i) spill and (ii) immersion (hot cauldron) burns. These two patterns differ in clinical characteristics and outcomes. Scalds cause significant morbidity and mortality in children. The objective of this study was to compare accidental spill burns and hot cauldron burns in a hospital setting.

Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted by reviewing the secondary data of scald cases admitted during the years 2019 and 2020 in a burn-dedicated tertiary care center. Total population sampling was adopted. Data analysis was done partly using SPSS, version-23, and Stata-15. Mann Whitney U-test and Chi-square/Fisher's exact test were done appropriately to find associations between different variables. Regression analysis was performed taking mortality events as the outcome of interest.

Results: Out of 108 scald cases, 43 (39.8%) had hot cauldron burns and 65 (60.2%) had accidental spill burns. Overall mortality was 16 (14.8%), out of which hot cauldron burns and accidental spill burns comprised 12 (75.0%) and 4 (25.0%), respectively. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed the type of scald, age, and Baux score found to be associated with mortality. Every one-year increment in age had a 29% lower odds of occurrence of mortality event (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.50-0.99, p=0.042). Likewise, every one-point increment in Baux score was associated with 19% higher odds of mortality (adjusted OR, 1.190; 95% CI, 1.08-1.32; p<0.001).

Conclusions: Accidental spill burns were more common but mortality was significantly higher for hot cauldron burns. The majority of burn injuries occurred inside the kitchen emphasizing appropriate parental precautions. The risk of mortality was significantly higher in burn events occurring outside the house, and burns involving back, buttocks, perineum, and lower extremities.
ТРЕВОЖНО-ДЕПРЕССИВНЫЕ РАССТРОЙСТВА У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С МЕТАБОЛИЧЕСКИМ СИНДРОМОМ
Authors: Moskalenko Olga L. , Smirnova Olga V. , Tereshchenko Sergey Yu. , Kasparov Eduard V.
Published: October 2021

В последние годы отмечается рост больных с метаболическим синдромом, что является актуальной проблемой медицины. Выраженность клинических проявлений метаболического синдрома оказывает влияние на качество жизни пациентов, при этом снижаются показатели физического и психического здоровья. Ожирение приводит к тревожным расстройствам, неврозоподобным состояниям и депрессиям, что способствует ухудшению основного заболевания.

Имеющиеся клинические и экспериментальные данные убедительно показывают наличие множественных патофизиологических связей, объясняющих высокую вероятность формирования метаболического синдрома у лиц с тревожно-депрессивными расстройствами. Неудивительной в этом контексте выглядит недавно описанный высокий риск формирования диабета II типа у соматически здоровых до этого лиц с тревожно-депрессивными расстройствами (Hiles S.A., Revesz D., Lamers F., Giltay E., Penninx B.W., 2016). Неудовлетворенность лечением у указанного контингента больных усугубит депрессивные расстройства, которые в свою очередь будут утяжелять их состояние здоровья, замыкая порочный круг. Чтобы разорвать эту связь и добиться положительных результатов лечения, необходимо оптимизировать подходы к диагностике депрессивных состояний на уровне лечебных учреждений общемедицинской сети: выявлять клинические признаки депрессии при беседе с больным; проводить анкетирование по шкалам самооценки; при несоответствии клинических проявлений психоэмоциональных расстройств результатам анкетирования назначать консультацию психиатра и объяснять пациенту ее необходимость для выявления и своевременного лечения депрессивных состояний (Джериева И.С., Волкова Н.И., Рапопорт С.И., 2015).

Целью нашего исследования явилось изучение по данным литературы тревожно-депрессивных расстройств у пациентов с метаболическим синдромом.
ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИЕ УСЛОВИЯ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ АКАДЕМИЧЕСКОЙ МОБИЛЬНОСТИ СТУДЕНТОВ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОГО ВУЗА
Authors: Bezdenezhnykh Liliya V.
Published: October 2021

В статье рассматриваются факторы и педагогические условия формирования академической мобильности студентов педагогического вуза. Учитывая значимость социокультурной обусловленности формирования академической мобильности у студентов педагогических вузов и наличия противоречий между потребностью государства в конкурентоспособных специалистах, обладающих сформированной академической мобильностью и недостаточной разработанностью данной проблемы в педагогической теории и практике; между требованиями в организации процесса академической мобильности у студентов педагогических вузов и отсутствием модели ее реализации в педагогическом вузе, мы ставим целью определить внешние и внутренние факторы для конструирования целостного педагогического процесса, способствующего формированию академической мобильности.

В основе исследования – положения средового подхода о методологии, сущности и развитии социальной среды; системный подход, определяющий внешние связи и структуру исследуемого явления; социокультурный подход, нацеливающий студентов-бакалавров на адаптацию в мультикультурном и полиязычном мире; компетентностный подход, который направляет процесс формирования академической мобильности на формирование общекультурных и профессиональных компетенций студентов, а также теории личности и социокультурной обусловленности ее развития.

Выявлены педагогические условия, обеспечивающие, в отличие от обоснованных ранее, целостность процесса формирования академической мобильности, в том числе факторы, обогащающие образовательную среду вуза новыми возможностями формирования качеств личности, детерминирующих академическую мобильность студентов.

Результаты исследования направлены на формирование академической мобильности студентов педагогического вуза за счет обогащения образовательной среды вуза возможностями развития значимых личностных качеств у обучающихся: толерантного отношения к «иной» культуре, адекватного восприятия культурных ценностей общества, а также сохранение своей культуры; овладения общекультурными, культурно-специфическими знаниями об истории страны изучаемого языка; формирование иноязычной коммуникативной компетенции. Данные компоненты ориентированы на вхождение личности студента в иноязычное образовательное и научное пространство в рамках диалога культур, востребованы социумом в современных полиязычных социокультурных условиях, и могут быть использованы в системе форм, методов и средств взаимодействия педагогов и обучающихся.
ОБ ОТНОШЕНИИ СТУДЕНТОВ К САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЕ В ПЕРИОД ПАНДЕМИИ
Authors: Milovanova Galina V. , Kulyashova Natalia M. , Shemyakina Elena Y.
Published: October 2021

Введение. Статья посвящена исследованию отношения студентов к самостоятельной работе, поскольку результативная самостоятельная работа невозможна без положительного отношения к ней самих обучаемых. Серьезное отношение к этому виду деятельности в студенческие годы является не только условием успешной учебы, но и определяющим фактором профессионального становления в будущем.

Цель исследования определил вынужденный переход в марте 2020 года на дистанционное обучение. Авторы ставят целью сопоставить мнение студентов о самостоятельной работе до и во время удаленного режима учебы.

Методы. Основу исследования составили следующие методы: анализ, анкетирование, сравнение, обобщение. Данные, полученные в результате анкетирования, обрабатывались методами математической статистики в MS Excel.

Результаты. Анкетирование показало, что студенты, независимо от курса обучения понимают важность и необходимость самостоятельной работы для успешного обучения в вузе, но при этом значительная часть студентов чувствует себя не готовыми к самостоятельному выполнению заданий и нуждаются в обучении рациональным приемам самостоятельной работы. Студенты первого года обучения полагают, что внеаудиторная самостоятельная работа, как и аудиторная, должна проходить под жестким управлением со стороны преподавателей.

Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены при организации самостоятельной работ студентов в вузе.

Заключение. Проанализировав результаты исследования, авторы считают, что простое увеличение времени, отводимое на самостоятельную работу, не может гарантировать ее эффективность. Успешность самостоятельной работы определяется множеством факторов, среди которых не последнее место занимают желание и умение работать самостоятельно. Анализ результатов анкетирования позволяет сделать вывод о том, что первокурсники часто не готовы к самостоятельной работе, потому что у них мало опыта, недостаточно сформированы умения к этому виду деятельности и нет потребности к регулярной самостоятельной работе. Для исправления сложившейся ситуации необходимо на первом курсе организовывать внеаудиторную самостоятельную работу студентов с учетом их фактического уровня подготовки и индивидуального стиля учебной деятельности.
W służbie obojga narodów – mechanizmy kariery podstolego rzeczyckiego Kazimierza Michała Pusłowskiego w latach 1660–1696
Authors: Bobiatyński Konrad , Hundert Zbigniew
Published: October 2021

Artykuł przedstawia mechanizmy kariery wojskowej i politycznej podstolego rzeczyckiego Kazimierza Michała Pusłowskiego w latach 1660–1696. Jego celem jest przybliżenie biografii jednego z wyróżniających się dowódców średniego szczebla w armii litewskiej lat 70. i 80. XVII w. oraz pokazanie, jak ważną rolę w budowaniu pozycji wojskowej, politycznej i społecznej odegrał 15-letni okres służby w husarii koronnej oraz stosunki z czołowymi postaciami sceny politycznej Rzeczypospolitej, jak Jerzy Lubomirski, Jan Sobieski, Michał Kazimierz Radziwiłł, Kazimierz Jan i Benedykt Paweł Sapiehowie oraz Jan Karol Dolski.
Medios de comunicación y aislamiento social: la experiencia del consumidor de entretenimiento virtual.
Authors: Saldanha Pinheiro Vanessa , de Oliveira Arruda Danielle Miranda , de Carvalho Bentes Daniel
Published: October 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a experiência do consumidor de entretenimento virtual em tempos de isolamento social obrigatório. Deste modo, o estudo se value, para a coleta de dados, de uma pesquisa de campo baseada na estratégia thickening, que é composta por três etapas (entrevista, netnografia e observação), enquanto que, para o tratamento dos dados, optou-se pela análise temática. Os resultados indicaram três importantes temas, a saber: entretenimento virtual, mídias e experiência digital do consumidor. Relacionados a estes, quatorze subtemas também foram identificados e designaram, de modo suscinto, as tipologias de entretenimento virtual, as categorias de mídias utilizadas e as dimensões da experiência do consumidor. Em geral, os participantes classificaram como satisfatório o consumo de lives durante o período de isolamento, vez que estas funcionaram como uma espécie de válvula de escape para atravessar os momentos controversos e complicados da pandemia. Apesar disso, também apontaram aspectos de melhorias que incluem a interação entre os artistas e o público, bem como a estrutura virtual oferecida para transmissão. Além das importantes implicações gerenciais traçadas pelo artigo, como alternativas para alavancar atrações desse cunho e chamar mais atenção do público, as contribuições teóricas também foram de grande relevância, em especial pela elaboração de novas dimensões da experiência de consumo que ainda não foram abordadas pela literatura, como a dimensão de consumo imbuído, a dimensão de interatividade e a dimensão de infraestrutura digital.
Study on the pathogenesis of liver injury caused by alcohol and drugs
Authors: Kim Sang-Hoon , Ko Il-Gyu , Jin Jun-Jang , Hwang Lakkyong , Kim Bo-Kyun , Baek Seung-Soo
Published: October 2021

n the present study, alcohol, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) were administered to experimental mice. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 concentrations, and collagen type 1alpha (COL-1A) and fibronectin expressions were measured to evaluate pathophysiology of liver injury. Levels of ALT and AST were significantly increased by alcohol treatment. Alcohol with LPS treatment increased ALT and AST levels more than alcohol alone treatment, but it was not statistically significant. Alcohol with CCL4 treatment significantly increased ALT and AST levels more than alcohol alone treatment. Alcohol with LPS and CCL4 treatment significantly increased ALT and AST levels more than alcohol with CCL4 treatment. Concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were significantly enhanced by alcohol treatment. Alcohol with LPS treatment significantly enhanced concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 more than alcohol alone treatment. Alcohol with CCL4 treatment significantly enhanced TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 concentrations more than alcohol alone treatment. Alcohol with LPS and CCL4 treatment increased TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 concentrations more than alcohol with CCL4 treatment, but it was not statistically significant. COL-1A and fibronectin expressions were significantly increased by alcohol treatment. Alcohol with LPS treatment significantly increased COL-1A and fibronectin expressions more than alcohol alone treatment. Alcohol with CCL4 treatment significantly increased COL-1A and fibronectin expressions more than alcohol alone treatment. Alcohol with LPS and CCL4 treatment increased COL-1A and fibronectin expressions more than alcohol with CCL4 treatment, but it was not statistically significant.
Current challenges for women in orthopaedics
Authors: Ahmed Maryam , Hamilton Laura C.
Published: October 2021

Orthopaedics has been left behind in the worldwide drive towards diversity and inclusion. In the UK, only 7% of orthopaedic consultants are female. There is growing evidence that diversity increases innovation as well as patient outcomes. This paper has reviewed the literature to identify some of the common issues affecting female surgeons in orthopaedics, and ways in which we can address them: there is a wealth of evidence documenting the differences in the journey of men and women towards a consultant role. We also look at lessons learned from research in the business sector and the military. The ‘Hidden Curriculum’ is out of date and needs to enter the 21st century: microaggressions in the workplace must be challenged; we need to consider more flexible training options and support trainees who wish to become pregnant; mentors, both male and female, are imperative to provide support for trainees. The world has changed, and we need to consider how we can improve diversity to stay relevant and effective.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2-10:893–899.
In Stadt und Stadt: Berlin und Ruhrgebiet im Vergleich
Authors: Cirkel Philipp , Freywald Ulrike
Published: October 2021

The largest and most important urban centres in Germany, Berlin and the Ruhr metropolitan area, share a very similar socio-historical and linguistic past. The vernaculars spoken in these regions are both High German varieties that have developed on Low German substratum. Thus, both varieties have emerged from a language-shift situation and have preserved a number of Low German features. Moreover, both varieties have lost in prestige during the process of massive immigration during the period of industrialisation in the second half of the 19th century. In such contexts, processes of “dialect levelling” are to be expected. Then as now both the Ruhr area and Berlin are hotspots of urban multilingualism and national and international mobility. This lends both linguistic settings a special dynamics and innovative potential. In the light of these parallels it is promising to compare linguistic structures of these varieties in order to gauge whether similar conditions yield similar linguistic developments.
In this paper we investigate two syntactic phenomena which are highly salient both in the Berlin dialect and in Ruhr German. Using corpus data of spoken language we compare frequencies and formal features of (i) preposition-determiner cliticisation, and (ii) split pronominal adverbs in both varieties. As an overall result it can be stated that both phenomena show up more pronouncedly and more straigtforwardly in Ruhr German than in the Berlin dialect; thus it can be surmised that the latter follows the same path as the former, but has not yet reached the “final destination”.
Measurement of Sleep Behaviors in Chromosome 15q11.2-13.1 Duplication (Dup15q Syndrome)
Authors: Barstein Jamie , Jeste Shafali , Saravanapandian Vidya , Hyde Carly , Distefano Charlotte
Published: October 2021

Duplication of chromosome 15q11.2-q13.1 (dup15q syndrome) results in hypotonia, intellectual disability (ID), and autism symptomatology. Clinical electroencephalography has shown abnormal sleep physiology, but no studies have characterized sleep behaviors. The present study used the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) in 42 people with dup15q syndrome to examine the clinical utility of this questionnaire and quantify behavioral sleep patterns in dup15q syndrome. Individuals with fully completed forms (56%) had higher cognitive abilities than those with partially completed forms. Overall, caregivers indicated a high rate of sleep disturbance, though ratings differed by epilepsy status. Results suggest that clinicians should use caution when using standardized questionnaires and consider epilepsy status when screening for sleep problems in dup15q syndrome.
All-glass hybrid fibers for dispersion management [Invited]
Authors: Aleshkina Svetlana , Likhachev Mikhail
Published: October 2021

We present a review devoted to
hybrid optical fibers, which combine the properties of conventional
total internal reflection and antiresonant fibers and enable
dispersion control at wavelengths where the material dispersion of the
fiber host optical glass is normal. We discuss the main principles of
mode propagation in such structures and show the prospects for their
practical application.
Critical ambient pressure and critical cooling rate in optomechanics of electromagnetically levitated nanoparticles
Authors: Jazayeri Amir M.
Published: October 2021

The concept of critical ambient pressure is introduced in this paper. The particle escapes from its trap when the ambient pressure becomes comparable with or smaller than a critical value, even if the particle motion is cooled by one of the feedback cooling (or cavity cooling) schemes realized so far. The critical ambient pressure may be so small that it is not a limiting factor in ground-state cooling, but critical feedback cooling rates, which are also introduced in this paper, are limiting factors. The particle escapes from its trap if any of the feedback cooling rates (corresponding to the components of the particle motion) becomes comparable with or larger than its critical value. The critical feedback cooling rate is different from the well-known manifestation of the measurement noise. The critical feedback cooling rate corresponding to a certain component of the particle motion is usually smaller than the optimum feedback cooling rate at which the standard quantum limit happens, unless that component is cooled by the Coulomb force (instead of the optical gradient force). In addition, given that the measurement noise for the

z

component of the particle motion is smaller than the measurement noises for the other two components (assuming that the beam illuminating the particle for photodetection propagates parallel to the

z

axis), the feedback scheme in which the

z

component of the particle motion is cooled by the Coulomb force has the best performance. This conclusion is in agreement with the experimental results published after writing the first version of this paper. The dependence of the critical ambient pressure, the critical feedback cooling rates, and the minimum achievable mean phonon numbers on the parameters of the system is derived in this paper, and can be verified experimentally. The insights into and the subtle points about the electromagnetic (EM) force (including the gradient force, radiation pressure, and recoil force), the EM force fluctuations, and the measurement noise presented in this paper are all of theoretical and practical importance, and might be useful in many systems besides those examined in this paper.
Quantum frequency conversion from ultraviolet to visible band through waveguides in a period-poled MgO:LiTaO3 crystal
Authors: Zheng Yong-xiang , Cui Jin-ming , Ai Ming-zhong , Qian Zhong-hua , Ye Wei-ran , Huang Yun-feng , Li Chuan-feng , Guo Guang-can
Published: October 2021

In research on hybrid quantum networks, visible or near-infrared frequency conversion has been realized. However, technical limitations mean that there have been few studies involving the ultraviolet band, and unfortunately the wavelengths of the rare-earth or alkaline-earth metal atoms or ions that are used widely in research on quantum information are often in the UV band. Therefore, frequency conversion of the ultraviolet band is very important. In this paper, we demonstrate a quantum frequency conversion between ultraviolet and visible wavelengths by fabricating waveguides in a period-poled MgO:LiTaO3 crystal with a laser writing system, which will be used to connect the wavelength of the dipole transition of 171Yb+ at 369.5 nm and the absorption wavelength of Eu3+ at 580 nm in a solid-state quantum memory system. An external conversion efficiency of 0.85% and a signal-to-noise ratio of greater than 500 are realized with a pumping power of 3.28 W at 1018 nm. Furthermore, we complete frequency conversion of the classical polarization state by means of a symmetric optical setup based on the fabricated waveguide, and the process fidelity of the conversion is (96.13 ± 0.021)%. This converter paves the way for constructing a hybrid quantum network and realizing a quantum router in the ultraviolet band in the future.
Switching dynamics of dissipative cnoidal waves in dual-coupled microresonators
Authors: Wu Zhonghan , Gao Yiran , Zhang Tian , Dai Jian , Xu Kun
Published: October 2021

Dual-coupled structure is typically used to actively change the local dispersion of microresonator through controllable avoided mode crossings (AMXs). In this paper, we investigate the switchability of dissipative cnoidal waves (DCWs) based on dual-coupled microresonators. The switching dynamics of DCWs are numerically simulated using two sets of nonlinear coupled-mode equations. It is found that the pulse number of DCWs can only be decreased (i.e. switched unidirectionally) when working as perfect soliton crystals and can either be decreased or increased (i.e. switched bidirectionally) when working as Turing rolls. Moreover, the stable regions of DCWs can be greatly expanded due to the existence of AMXs. The switchability of DCWs would further liberate the application potential of microcombs in a wide range of fields, including frequency metrology, optical communications, and signal-processing systems.
Practical quantum access network over a 10 Gbit/s Ethernet passive optical network
Authors: Wang Bi-Xiao , Tang Shi-Biao , Mao Yingqiu , Xu Wenhua , Cheng Ming , Zhang Jun , Chen Teng-Yun , Pan Jian-Wei
Published: October 2021

Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides an information-theoretically secure method to share keys between legitimate users. To achieve large-scale deployment of QKD, it should be easily scalable and cost-effective. The infrastructure construction of quantum access network (QAN) expands network capacity and the integration between QKD and classical optical communications reduces the cost of channel. Here, we present a practical downstream QAN over a 10 Gbit/s Ethernet passive optical network (10G-EPON), which can support up to 64 users. In the full coexistence scheme using the single feeder fiber structure, the co-propagation of QAN and 10G-EPON signals with 9 dB attenuation is achieved over 21 km fiber, and the secure key rate for each of 16 users reaches 1.5 kbps. In the partial coexistence scheme using the dual feeder fiber structure, the combination of QAN and full-power 10G-EPON signals is achieved over 11 km with a network capacity of 64-user. The practical QAN over the 10G-EPON in our work implements an important step towards the achievement of large-scale QKD infrastructure.
Amplification of 14 orbital angular momentum modes in ring-core erbium-doped fiber with high modal gain
Authors: Zhang Xi , Liu Jun , Chen Shi , Li Wei , Du Cheng , Wang Jian
Published: October 2021

We propose and demonstrate an orbital angular momentum (OAM) fiber amplifier supporting 14 OAM modes based on a fabricated ring-core erbium-doped fiber (RC-EDF) with a tailored erbium-doped profile. Theoretical analyses and numerical simulations suggest that the proposed RC-EDF provides relatively uniform gain larger than 20 dB for all 14 modes. With a core pump configuration, we experimentally characterize the performance of the RC-EDF-assisted OAM fiber amplifier, which can acquire a high modal gain up to 33.4 dB and low differential modal gain less than 1.8 dB at the wavelength of 1550 nm. The obtained results indicate successful implementation of the RC-EDF-assisted OAM fiber amplifier for 14 OAM modes with favorable performance.
3D trapping of microbubbles by the Marangoni force
Authors: Sarabia-Alonso J. A. , Ortega-Mendoza J. G. , Mansurova S. , Muñoz-Pérez F. M. , Ramos-García R.
Published: October 2021

In this Letter, we show 3D steady-state trapping and manipulation of vapor bubbles in liquids employing a low-power continuous-wave laser using the Marangoni effect. Light absorption from photodeposited silver nanoparticles on the distal end of a multi-mode optical fiber is used to produce bubbles of different diameters. The thermal effects produced by either the nanoparticles on the fiber tip or the light bulk absorption modulate the surface tension of the bubble wall and creates both longitudinal and transversal forces just like optical forces, effectively creating a 3D potential well. Using numerical simulations, we obtain expressions for the temperature profiles and present analytical expressions for the Marangoni force. In addition, using an array of three fibers with photodeposited nanoparticles is used to demonstrate the transfer of bubbles from one fiber to another by sequentially switching on and off the lasers.
Large-range phase-difference sensing technology for low-frequency strain interrogation
Authors: Shi Jinhui , Guang Dong , Li Shili , Wu Xuqiang , Zuo Cheng , Gui Lei , Zhang Wujun , Zhang Guosheng , Ge Qiang , Zhang Gang , Wang Rui , Yu Benli
Published: October 2021

Phase-difference sensing technology (PDST) has been applied to strain measurement, but its completeness is destroyed by the phase-difference measurement range. A scheme that can realize the completeness of the PDST for low-frequency strain interrogation is proposed. It is built on dual-interferometers and the elliptic-fitting algorithm. To break the measurement range limitation (0,

π

), a phase compensation setting is applied. The experimental results demonstrate that the method can obtain low-frequency strain signals, and the low-frequency signal whose phase amplitude is greater than

π

is recovered. The scheme is an efficient and complete method for measuring the strain of low-frequency optical fiber length, which could be applied to low-frequency seismic wave monitoring and rock deformation detection.