bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphological and molecular characterization of Verticillium dahliae population occurring in different olive-growing regions of Morocco
Authors: Darai Soumia , Chourfi Abdelali , Diouri Mohammed , Amiri Said
Published: August 2021

In order to characterize the V. dahliae population occurring in different olive-growing regions of Morocco, a morphological and molecular study was con-ducted. According to pigmentation and appearance of the mycelium, isolates were classified into three morphotypes. The dimensions length (leng) and width (lar) of conidia showed no significant differences between isolates. During molecular confirmation of the isolates identity, we found a polymor-phism linked to the origin of extracted DNA (mycelium or microsclerotia cell). The molecular approach based on the use of three specific primers for amplification of the 32 isolates’genomic DNA , allowed us to divide the fun-gal collection into two groups defoliating and non-defoliating. The DNA ori-gin and the degree of pathogenicity of the isolate appeared to be respon-sible for this polymorphism. Therefore this study indicates a correlation bet-ween the pathotype and pathogenicity of the fungus.
Evaluation of Hepatitis B & Hepatitis C Virus co-infection among the hemodialysis patients in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Prakash Shantanu , Sankhwar S. N. , Jain Amita , Usman Kausar , Prasad Narayan , Saha D. , Singh K. P. , Singh Desh Deepak , Jain Parul
Published: August 2021

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection substantially cause series of liver diseases worldwide. Because these two viruses share the modes of transmission, HBV HCV co-infection is common with approximately 7-20 million people affected globally. Hemodialysis individuals are at risk of HBV and HCV infections. The prevalence rates of coinfection with HBV and HCV in Hemodialysis patients have been variable worldwide depending on the geographic regions, and the type of exposure. This study aimed to exam-ine HBV and HCV coinfection and determine the shared and significant fac-tors in the coinfection in Hemodialysis patients. This descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out on 237 Hemodialysis patients including 153 males and 84 females in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, to survey coinfection with HBV and HCV using ELISA. The retrospective demographic data of the sub-jects was collected and the patient’s serums were analyzed by ELISA. The collected data was analyzed with Instat (Graphpad) software. Fisher's exact test with 5% error intervals was used to measure the correlation of variables and infection rates. The results of the study indicated that the prevalence of hepatitis B & C virus in hemodialysis patients was 9.70% (n=23), out of which 1 (0.42%) was suffering with HBV & HCV co-infection while 6 were only HBV positive and 16 were only HCV positive. There is very low prevalence of Hep-atitis C Virus and Hepatitis B Virus coinfection in hemodialysis patients in this region.
Metal contamination of the macrobenthic fauna of the Dakhla Bay (South of Morocco): An ecotoxicological diagnostic and environmental perspective
Authors: Saad Zohra , Gharmali Abdelhay EL , Khalloufic Fatima El , Saad Aicha , Orbi Abdellatif , Oudra Brahim
Published: August 2021

This ecotoxicological research has focused on the metal contamination study of wild and livestock macrobenthic fauna in the Bay of Dakhla city. During the last decade, this coastal town in the extreme south-west of Morocco has known a considerable and accelerated socio-economic development. This latter could induce negative repercussions on the bay ecological state and its environment. Therefore, samples of mussels (Perna perna), hollow oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and knives (Solen marginatus) were collected in various locations in the Dakhla Bay during June and December 2011 in order to determine their trace metals levels: Lead, Cadmium, Zinc and Copper. The stud-ied species showed different behavior with respect to metal contamination: i) oysters tend to accumulate on average more than 2 mg/Kg dw. of Cd, and 400 mg/Kg dw. of Zn, ii) mussels assimilate Cu better with grades up to 29 mg/Kg dw., iii) knives have the lowest levels of trace metals, iv) Pb assayed showed a levels below the threshold of detection at different sites and for all samples. The difference in storage capacity would be allocated to multiple biological and environmental factors governing the spatial and temporal var-iation, more or less significant (p <0.05). Through the correlation between contaminated sites and urban and industrial activities points, it may be possi-ble to conclude that the multiple discharges related to the different human activities in Dakhla city are the main source of metal contamination observed in Dakhla bay bivalves. So ecological management of these discharges is needed to curb this pollution and avoid the associated health risks.
Germination Pattern and Root Trainer Performance of Mimusops elengi L.
Authors: Nayagam Justin R. , K. I. Mani Varghese
Published: August 2021

In order to study the germination pattern and root trainer technology for Mimusops elengi L.(the bullet wood tree), its seeds were procured from two places of central Kerala and their germination studies were conducted in six different sowing media using fresh, pretreated and seeds stored up to three months. Germination value (GV) for all the field trials was calculated that showed highest for fresh seeds without pretreatments sown in polythene bags with coir pith compost (PBCP) and root trainers with coir pith(RTCP). Maximum GV for pretreated seeds were recorded in control and in gibberellic acid (100ppm) treated seeds sown in PBCP and RTCP. Analysis of variance shows significance at 1% level between medium, between pretreatments and between years of study. Transplantation shock, bulkiness, and frequent change of polythene bags cause additional labor by conventional method but root trainers do not requires change of medium, least possibility of transplanta-tion shock, advantage of air pruning, prevention of root coiling due to antispiral design and requirement of small area for mass production of seedlings.
Prevalence and correlation of Neisseria gonorroheae, Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum antibodies in unexplained infertile women having positive post coital test
Authors: Tyagi Poonam
Published: August 2021

The probability that a vaginal infection can interfere with fertility is often overlooked. The microorganisms, their products may inhibit sperm morphol-ogy and motility. Abnormal cervical mucus and sperm interactions clarify infertility in 5% to 10% of couples with a fertility problem. The aim of this research study was to estimate the prevalence of Gonococcal (IgG), Myco-plasma hominis (IgG) and Ureaplasma urealyticum (T. mycoplasma) (IgG) antibodies in unexplained infertile women having positive post coital test (PCT). Blood samples of 50 positive PCT identified infertile females and 50 healthy pregnant females (age group of 24-36 yrs) were collected and ana-lyzed for Gonococcal (IgG), M. hominis (IgG) and T. mycoplasma (IgG) anti-bodies by ELISA technique. In the study group patients, only 12 % cases (6/ 50) were positive for IgG gonococcal antibodies but no any positive case was found in control group. 28% cases (14/50) were found positive for M. homi-nis IgG antibodies in study group patients and only 10 % cases (5/50) were positive in control group. Results statistically were insignificant. In case of T. mycoplasma IgG antibodies, 76% (38/50) infertile women were observed as positive while only 24% (12/50) cases of control group were found positive for the same (p < 0.001). The results were not significant for gonococcal and M. hominis antibodies but were highly significant for U. urealyticum IgG an-tibodies and it was concluded that it may be a cause of infertility in positive PCT cases as no any other known reason of infertility is noticed in such cases.
Physicochemical and organoleptic characterization and evaluating immunomodulatory effect in Wistar rats of extra virgin olive oil from northeastern of Algeria
Authors: Aissaoui Yamina , Mebrek SaÃ¢d , Mehdi Yamina , Benali Amina ImÃ¨ne , Mansour Insaf Fatima Zohra , Abbouni Bouziane , Benali Mohammed
Published: August 2021

Physicochemical and organoleptic characterization of the local extra virgin olive oil was performed. It has a pale green color indicating no taste or smell of deterioration with a clear appearance at 20 ° C for 24 h. It has bitterness and a piquant character identified by a panel of tasting each of which gave it a score of 03/10. It also has a fruity intensity rated 4.8 / 10. The acidity (0.1% oleic acid), density (0.916), peroxide value (04), refractive index (01.4685) and saponification index (184) were in accordance with standards. Total polyphenols was 280 mg GAE / kg of product. Spectrum of fatty acids, obtained by gas chromatography, shows a wealth equivalent to 80% of oleic acid. These results were used to classify this product in the category extra virgin oil according to the international standards. Immunomodulatory effect of this oil was performed in males and females rats. A dose of 300 μl of extra virgin olive oil was injected subcutaneously into male and female experimental groups simultaneously with an injection of 300 μl of antigenic ovalbu-min solution in the presence of Freund's adjuvant. Evaluation of IgG by the reverse radial immunodiffusion technique of Mancini gives a precipitate of diameter in control females (5.56 ± 0.74 mm) greater than that of control males (3.9 ± 0.45 mm) thereby demonstrating an immune stimulation or immunomodulation difference more intense in female controls (p <0.05).
Antimicrobial effect of phenazines produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from saline soil of Mina River, Algeria
Authors: Dahah Hicham , Djibaoui Rachid , Nemmiche SaÃ¯d
Published: August 2021

Several strains of environmental Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been used in biotechnology to produce beneficial metabolites in medicine and agriculture. Many secondary metabolites are secreted throughout their growth where phenazines are one among the most known stronger metabolites. The phenazines are antimicrobial substances inhibiting a wide range of pathogenic bacteria. In order to exploit the antimicrobial effect of P. aeruginosa and its pheanzines we do isolate the studied bacteria from saline soil collected from Mina river region (Relizane, Algeria). Ten isolates belonged to Pseudomonas were selected by an antagonistic test, one of isolates was identified as P. aeruginosa and selected for phenazines production. Phenazines were produced using King A broth medium, extracted by ethyl acetate and purified by silica gel chromatography. The antimicrobial activity of crude extract containing phenazines was evaluated by the disc diffusion method against a number of pathogen microorganisms and the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined. The results indicated that the crude phenazines solution was effective against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Shigella sonnei and Candida albicans. The characterization of purified phenazines extract by HPLC showed a peak similar to the standard. The results of this study will contribute in the identification of the potential of phenazines naturally-occurring substances as antimicrobial agents.
Sanitation Practices and Policies in India: Exploring Determinants and their Interlinkages
Authors: Pathak Binay Kumar , Sharma Aishna , Chattopadhyay Saumen
Published: August 2021

India, one of the emerging economies of the world, is plagued with preva-lence of inadequate and poor sanitation facilities. Unhealthy hygiene practices and menace of open defecation still persist in the country which seeks to be counted as one of the superpowers. While some of the poor countries of the world fare better than India in terms of sanitation, it becomes essential to look beyond economic factors to understand the problem. The problems are manifold and appear in many dimensions. While sixty percent of popula-tion does not have access to toilet facilities, the instances of non-utilisation of existing toilet facilities are also reported. The non-utilisation of existing toilet facilities may range from planning related concerns to attitudinal issues. The planning or policy related concerns stem from problems related to maintenance of toilets, lack of plumbing and drainage facilities, lack of water and sewage systems etc. To understand these problems and the efforts to address them, critical evaluation of sanitation policies is needed. Sanitation policies and perceptions of masses towards sanitation practices can be complementary factors for cost of access to sanitation facilities. This paper seeks to look into the factors affecting inadequate sanitation facilities from a broader point of view focussing on policy and practices. The paper utilises secondary sources and a case study to unravel the factors and their interlinkages.
Use of Algae as a Bio-indicator to Determine Water Quality (A Case Study)
Authors: Deb Shampa , Kalamdhad Ajay S.
Published: August 2021

The water and algal samples were collected from selected three sampling stations of IITG campus of Assam. A total of 29 numbers of algal species along with 28 numbers of macrophytes species were recorded from three sampling stations throughout the study period.The pH value of water shows alkaline in nature with optimum temperature. The results of the present study revealed that the water quality was affected by thedecomposition of organic matter, inputs of campus waste, litter deposition, etc.Bacillariophyceae was represented by highest number of species fol lowed by Chlorophyceae and Cyanophyceae. Among the algal species Spirogyra, Surirella lanceolate and Euglena were abundantly present in the study area.
Environmental Amelioration Using Aquatic Macrophytes: Emphasizing Removal of Heavy Metals from Waste Water
Authors: Mitra Anindita , Chatterjee Soumya
Published: August 2021

Pollution of the aquatic environment with toxic metals has been attracting considerable attention over the past decades and increasing urbanization, industrialization and overpopulation are the main cause. Due to this toxic pollutant the global water crisis is one of the most serious problems facing by the humanity today as also plants and animals are very sensitive to the presence of these toxic metals. Phytoextraction is the most cost effective and environment friendly way to solve the problem of heavy metal pollution by using plants. Macrophytes are important component of aquatic communities due to their roles in oxygen production, nutrient cycling, water quality control, sediment stabilization to provide habitat and shelter for aquatic life and also for being considered efficient heavy metal accumulators. The main route of heavy metal uptake is through their roots in emergent and surface floating plants whereas, leafy submerged plants uptake heavy metals both through roots and leaves. Roots of wetland plants play the primary role in wastewater purification followed by stems and leaves. Aquatic macrophytes therefore are very useful for the treatment of wastewater to mitigate variety of pollution level and now are the important research issues all over the world. In this review an effort has been made to summarize the role of aquatic macrophytes in the removal of heavy metals from the polluted water to improve the water quality.
Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution: Could it include â€˜Right to Sanitationâ€™?
Authors: Mohapatra Anil Kumar
Published: August 2021

Long before India gained independence, M.K. Gandhi remarked that the availability of Sanitation facility is more important than gaining Independence for an Indian. Of late, it is now increasingly felt and realized in India that facilities like toilet, safe drinking water, accompanied by good hygienic conditions are fundamental necessities of a person. These are prerequisites of social and economic justice and genuine development. The Supreme Court of India in one judgement held that Right to life and personal liberty, should include right to privacy and human dignity etc. Despite that it has been an admitted shame that India still has the largest number of people defecating in open in the world. There are reported incidences of rape and murder of women in many places in India as women rely on open field for attending to the call of nature in morning and evening. The attempts like Community toi-let system, pay-and-use toilet system and schemes like ‘Mo Swabhiman -Mo Paikhana’ have been found to be less effective. In this connection the ‘Clean India Mission’ campaign launched by the Government of India in 2014 has been regarded as a right approach in that direction. Government of the day is actively considering the demand to convert the Right to Sanitation from a developmental right to a fundamental right. It would make the state more accountable and responsible. Against this background, the paper argues that spending huge money on that would yield good dividend in future for the country.
Identification of Mentha piperita L. and Ricinus communis L. polyphe-nols by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS and evaluation of their insecticidal properties against Aphis spiraecola P
Authors: Malika Boualem Malika , Mokhtar Meriem , Saiah Farida , Benourad Fouzia , Bouhadiba Radia , Berkani Abdellah
Published: August 2021

Aphids infest most crops, and are considered as one of the most destructive groups of insects in temperate regions. The purpose of this study was to identify the polyphenols of castor (Ricinus communis L.) and mint (Mentha piperita L.) with liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS), and evaluate their insecticidal properties against Aphis spiraecola P. A total of 10 compounds were identified in castor mainly phenolic acids (gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, syringic acid, chlorogenic acid, gentisic acid and p-coumaric acid). On the other hands, flavonoids (catechin, naringin, diosmin, rutin, diosmetin, luteolin, neohesperidin, naringenin and apigenin) were the major polyphe-nols in mint representing 10 compounds out of 14. In the test of insecticidal activity, four concentrations were tested (5, 10, 20 and 40%). Both plants had a good inhibitory activity especially mint. The effect was dose dependent and the highest mortality was obtained with the maximum used concentration (40%). After the first day, a percentage of 44 and 76% of mortality was recorded in the presence of just 5% of castor and mint which increased to reach 100% after 7 days.
Chemical control of fungal growth and ochratoxin A production by Aspergillus isolated from Moroccan grapes
Authors: Laaziz Adil , Qjidaa Souad , Hammoudi Yousra El , Hajjaji Abdelouahed , Bouseta Amina
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of three fungicides azoxystrobin (Ortiva), hexaconazole (Hexa) and pyrimethanil (Pyrus) for their ability to inhibit the radial growth and ochratoxin A (OTA) production by five ochratoxigenic strains of Aspergillus carbonarius and A. niger previously iso-lated from Moroccan grapes. Our results showed that, the addition of the fungicides to the Czapek Yeast Autolysate agar culture medium reduced the growth of the ochratoxigenic strains. Pyrimethanil caused total inhibition of spore germination and growth of the five strains, for all dose tested. Where-as hexaconazole totally inhibited the growth of 4 strains and gave growth for the MUCL 49227 strain (2.67 mm/day) at sublethal concentration. The reduction in radial growth was less marked for azoxystrobin, with growth rate varying between 0 and 6.37 mm/day depending on the strain and the azoxystrobin concentration. Analysis of variance showed that the effect of single factors (fungicides, concentration and strain) and their interactions on growth and OTA production were highly significant (P=0.000).These findings suggest that the use of tested fungicides have to potential for reduction in production of OTA.
Characterization and screening for probiotic potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Traditionally Fermented Wheat "Hamoum"
Authors: TahlaÃ¯ti Hafida , Dalache Fatiha , Homrani Abdelkader , Nemmiche SaÃ¯d
Published: August 2021

The Algerian couscous, "Hamoum”, is prepared from fermented wheat which is the result of wheat grains being stored in an artisanal underground grana-ry called "Matmora" for more than one year. This method of storage has been abandoned in favor of conventional modes without being well studied and known. However, it is used on family scale farms. The purpose of this study was to explore the biodiversity of microbial flora of fermented wheat due to this type of storage. A total of 39 isolates were evaluated in terms to identify lactic acid bacteria and screening the probiotic properties. The phe-notypic results showed a diversity of lactic flora and lactic acid bacteria iso-lated from fermented wheat mainly belonging to Lactobacillus (69%) fol-lowed by Pediococcus (15%), Leuconostoc (8%) and Enterococcus (8%). The genotypic characterization revealed the dominance of Lactobacillus plantarum. The identified strains Lactobacillus plantarum (M6), Lactobacillus plantarum (R27), Lactobacillus brevis (BL8) and Pediococcus acidilactici (M5) have a high antibacterial activity and all strains have resistance to low acidic pH and bile salts. This investigation has enabled a screening of lactic acid bacteria from traditionally fermented wheat. “Hamoum” is a substrate rich in lactic acid bacteria that has exceptional probiotic potential. It’s may be the starting point for further characterization of biotechnological properties in order to identify and select probiotic strains for therapeutic purposes.
An improved real-time qPCR technique for quantification of intestinal bacteria in human fecal samples
Authors: Rezasoltani Sama , Dabiri Hossein , Aghdaei Hamid Asadzadeh , Sepahi Abbas Akhavan , Modarressi Mohammad Hossein , Mojaradd Ehsan Nazemalhosseini
Published: August 2021

The easy, cost-effective and rapid techniques for investigating the role of gut microbiota have become imperative owing to their importance in various diseases such as colon cancer and inflammatory bowel disease. Here we developed an absolute real-time qPCR technique for quantification of intestinal bacteria in human fecal samples for further investigation of gut microbiota composition in patients. At first, regarding bacterial species present in human fecal samples, species were cultured in anaerobic culture media and incubated at 37CÍ¦ in an anaerobic chamber. The number of CFU was counted. Eight fold serial dilutions of the bacterial suspension were prepared. To generate a standard curve for bacterial species in real-time PCR, DNA was extracted from different serial dilutions. Subsequently, DNA from human fecal samples was extracted. Now bacterial strains were applied as standard curve in absolute q PCR procedure for quantification of bacterial population in test samples. Based on absolute real-time analysis, intestinal bacteria were precisely quantified. The specificity of the primer pairs was checked by conventional PCR and real-time PCR regarding dissociation curve analysis. The amplification was linear in the range of 101-108. Dissociation curves had correlation coefficient values between 0.98 and 101/888. The efficiencies were between 95/073 and 99/804%. The absolute real-time PCR technique described here may be used for evaluating intestinal bacteria regarding diseases prevention.
Vitamin C plays protective role against nicotine-induced histological damages on testis in wistar rats
Authors: Al- Shaikh Turki M.
Published: August 2021

Consumption of nicotine has been increasing day-by-day. Nicotine is consid-ered to cause dangerous effects and these symptoms are mostly seen in youths. Nicotine affects the lungs, the heart, the liver, the reproductive sys-tem and other organs in the body, and it is connected with lung cancer as documented by many researchers. The present study evaluated the protec-tive role of vitamin C against the tissue damages caused by nicotine in the rat testis. Four groups each with 6 rats were prepared G1: Control group re-ceived normal saline. G2: Nicotine group rats received 1.0 mg/kg of nicotine. G3: Vitamin C group rats received (200 mg/kg bw, once/day in water). G4: Vitamin C + Nicotine group animals received 1.0 mg/kg of nicotine and 200 mg/kg of Vitamin C. Administration of nicotine alone witnessed adverse effects and damage to the histopathological attributes of the testis, mostly seminiferous tubules were found deformed and showing basal vacuolation or massive degeneration and loss of germ cells, wide interstitial spaces with vascular congestion. On the other hand, the administration of vitamin C alone or vitamin C + nicotine had no adverse effects and damage were seen on the histological structure of testis tissues. Vitamin C which is a non-enzymatic antioxidant molecules and widely available seems to ameliorate histopathological damages caused by nicotine on the rat testicular tissue.
Contribution to the Seroprevalence study of human brucellosis In Telagh, Algeria
Authors: Abdelkader Ammam , Reda Belmamoun Ahmed
Published: August 2021

Brucellosis is an anthropozoonosis caused by a bacterium of the genus brucella. The aim of this study was to study the seroprevalence of brucellosis in high risk individuals.Our study focused on the population of the southern region of Sidi-Bel-Abbès and showing clinical signs of brucellosis between February 2010 and June 2012 and whose "Wright" test was positive. 111 cases of human brucellosis have been identified; 59.45% male against 40.54% female. 50.45% reported no contact with animals, however contact with goats, cattle and sheep was 13.51%, 6.30% and 0.90%, respectively. Regarding the consumption of raw milk it was of the order of 53.15% against 17.11% for curd and 0.90% for undercooked meat. The 30-40 age group was the most common. The results on the follow-up of a previous treatment indi-cate that 2.70% followed a previous treatment against 97.29% that had no treatment to follow. The present study underscores the importance of Bru-cellosis as an infection that has evolving in our region (Sidi-Bel-Abbès) and requires more serious monitoring.
Assessment of antibacterial property and acute toxicity of phenolic ex-tract of Punica granatum epicarp
Authors: Athmen Reguieg Yssaad , Kheira Hamadi
Published: August 2021

The pomegranate (Punica granatum) fruit owing to its beneficial properties for human health is consumed worldwide conventionally. Nevertheless, limited data are available on in vivo antibacterial activity and toxicity of epicarp. Therefore, this research focused on the in vivo study of the acute tox-icity of the phenolic extract of pomegranate bark (Punica granatum) on the one hand, and the evaluation of its antibacterial property on the intestinal flora of another share.In the present study, the LD50 of the calculated meth-anolic extract was included between 500mg/kg, 5000mg / kg and 6000mg / kg). It was observed that the methanolic extract of P. granatum epicarp was of low toxicity. An absence of the pathogenic germs was reported in the ma-jority of the organs of the infected rats, which suggests their elimination by the phenolic extracts of punica granatum, except for the intestine. This work has shown antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus that can contribute to the fight against infectious diseases and perhaps offer the possibility of using pomegranate bark in pharmaceutical and food industries.
Effect of Thymus ciliatus oil-based disinfectant solutions against bio-films formed by Bacillus cereus strains isolated from pasteurized-milk processing lines in Algeria
Authors: Kalai Amina , Malek Fadila , Bousmaha-Marroki Leila
Published: August 2021

Bacillus cereus is a foodborne pathogen that often persists in dairy environments and is associated with food poisoning and spoilage. This spore-forming bacterium has a high propensity to develop biofilms onto dairy processing equipment and resists to chemical cleaning and disinfecting. This study deals with the in vitro application of thyme oil-based sanitizer solutions against biofilms formed by B. cereus genotypes which persist in pasteurized-milk processing lines. The effect of Thymus ciliatus essential oil on B. cereus planktonic cells and biofilms was assessed. The oil was tested alone and in combination with organic acids or industrial cleaning agents, in order to improve the removal of B. cereus recurrent genotypes. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of planktonic growth (MICs), biofilm formation (MBIC) and biofilm eradication (MBEC) of oil and organic acids were evaluated by microdilution assays. Thyme oil was more effective than organic acids against B. cereus planktonic growth, biofilm formation and established bio-films. High values of MICs were obtained for the three organic acids tested (3.5-4.5%) in comparison with those of essential oil (0.082-0.088%). The combination of oil with other antimicrobials as acetic acid, NaOH or HNO3 improves their effectiveness against B. cereus biofilms. These oil-based sanitizer solutions allow complete B. cereus biofilm eradication and should be an attractive candidate for the control and removal of biofilms in the dairy envi-ronment.
Isolation and Characterization of Bifidobacteria from diverse ecosystems
Authors: Bahloul Halima Aurass , Miloud Hadadji , Kihal Mebrouk
Published: August 2021

Bifidobacteria represent the largest group of human intes nal bacteria. They have an important place in human health and represent the dominant group of micro ora. For this reason, they are key members of the human gut microbiota, particularly during the first one to two years following birth. The aim of this study was to test the sensibility of Bifidobacterium isolated from some strains at different concentrations of salinity and high concentration of bile as a criterion to select probiotic strains. Following the behavior of strains of Bifidobacteria isolated from different ecosystems was considered in order to develop the therapeu c aliment food . Samples from newborn infants aged 3 months, bee intestine, fermented commercial milk and yoghurt of bifidus containing Bifidobacteria was used and the isolated strains belonged to -breve and -longum species. The results of resisitance of our species of Bifidobacteria demonstrated a total inibition of croissance at 5.5% of NaCl but in 5% media of NaCl we observed a moderate croissance at di erent me of kinetics croissance .
Effect of growth substances on the expression of flowering and study on pollen viability of hermaphrodite & male ower in the female clone â€œMondouri localâ€ of Teasle gourd (Momordica subangulata Blume. subsp. renigera)
Authors: Naik Abhishek , Akhtar Shirin , Chattopadhyay Arup , Thapa Umesh , Hazra Pranab
Published: August 2021

Foliar sprays with gibberellic acid (GA) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) of di erent concentra ons at pre-flowering stage induced hermaphrodite and male owers on strictly gynoecious vines of teasle gourd (Momordica subangulata Blume. subsp. renigera). GA at 1500 ppm and AgNO3at 500 ppm were effective inducing more than 50% male owers in the female clone “Mondouri local”. AgNO3 at 750 ppm was effective in inducing 36.6% male and 33.9% hermaphrodite owers on same plant. The hermaphrodite ower had higher pollen size (103.57 μm) compared to that of natural male ower (94.94 μm). However, there existed no variation between pollen viability of bisexual ower (81.6%) and normal male ower (89.1%). However, germinability of the pollen of hermaphrodite ower was very low (14.16%) producing very small pollen tube (9 μm), though the bisexual ower did not produce any fruit on self-pollination.
An ecological study on the distribu on of the fan shell Pinna nobilis Linnaeus, 1758 (Mollusca: Bivalvia) in the western Algerian coasts
Authors: Belkhamssa Fatima Zohra , Taibi Nasr-Eddine , Deudero Salud
Published: August 2021

Based on the fact that the Mediterranean sea is an existing place to the bivalves fan mussels of Pinna nobilis, the aim of this introductory study is to focus on understanding the nature of P.nobilis population density and its structure with an ongoing purpose to encourage future investigation of the subject matter to successfully uncover more ecological models; in order to reach the latter, a field-work took place from 2015 to 2018 in the Algerian west coasts on multiple sites with an end goal of better understanding the dynamics of the species, as well as assessing the effectiveness of protective measures of P.nobilis on the Algerian Western coastlines. The density, population structure and the growth of individuals noted on P.nobilis were examined through scuba diving along with multiple transects on the west coast of Algeria and measurements  were executed on different spatial scales in populations occupying different sites; one of, is that of the protected naval area of “Habibas Island” in addition to other unprotected ones.  . The results varied and they are as follows: the density of P. nobilis ranged from 0.28 in /m-2 on the transect to 0.08 in /m-2. The measured individuals were certainly a representative of their environment.  The size of the P.nobilis did not prove itself to be prominent disturbance in the structure of the associated biota; the latter however showed that it was influenced by different areas. The outcomes of the study state that the recovery of the P. nobilis population on the west coast of Algeria was highlighted; stating the urgent need for setting security and protection of these species located on the Algerian West Coasts.
Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of the bacteriocin-producing strain Leuconostoc mesenteroides CHBY46 isolated from Algerian dromedary milk against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus biofilms
Authors: Bellil Yahia , Benmechernene Zineb , Bellil Wassila Chahrour , Kihal Mebrouk
Published: August 2021

In order to control biofilm formation of pathogenic and spoilage bacteria in foods, some species of Leuconostoc are very important in food industries, as they increase the shelf life of foods during preservation. In this study the strain CHBY46 a bacteriocin-producing strain belonging to Leuconostoc ge-nus isolated from dromedary milk in the south of Algeria was characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and MALDITOF MS mass spectrometry, tested for its antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The produced bacteriocin was partially puri-fied with sulfate ammonium precipitation and RP-HPLC. The strain CHBY46 was classified as Leuc. mesenteroides after molecular identification. Among the bacteria tested the pathogens Staph. aureus ATCC 29213 and Ps. aeru-ginosa ATCC 27653 were sensitive to this bacteriocin with 480 AU/ml. Antibi-ofilm activity was investigated by crystal violet assay. The bacteriocin of Leuc. mesenteroides CHBY 46 exhibited significant biofilm inhibition ; 35.58% with Ps. aeruginosa, and 42.11% with Staph. aureus. Tricine-SDS-PAGE analysis of the partially purified bacteriocin indicated a low molecular weight of approximately 3.5 kDa. Therfore, we conclude that bacteriocins from Leuco-nostoc have the potential as a therapeutic strategy against pathogen’s bio-films, which contribute, to bacterial pathogenicity and resistance toward antibiotics or being used in foods as adjunsts to contribute food safety.
GC-MS and LC-MS based phytochemical profiling and quantification of Mangiferin in six species of Salacia from the Western Ghats of India
Authors: Kamat Sheetal Ganapati , R Vasudeva , Patil Chandrashekhar G
Published: August 2021

The Salacia is a genus of plants in the family Celastraceae belongs to the ma-jor group Angiosperms. Several species in this genus have been used in tradi-tional medicine. Very limited phytochemical studies have been reported so far in Salacia from Western Ghats of Karnataka. Hence the aim of the pre-sent study was to screen the phytochemical compounds and quantitative analysis of mangiferin content in six species of Salacia. Which were found to be adequate to evaluate the raw material and can also be used as reference standards for the quality control/quality assurance purposes. The quantita-tive profiling of phytochemicals were analysed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and the concentration of mangiferin compound present in stem and root samples were quantified using High performance liquid chromatography method. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of a vast array of phytoconstituents such as fatty acids, saturated hydrocarbons, het-erocyclic compounds associated with different plant parts. HPLC analysis has shown the presence of mangiferin in all the six species of Salacia, whereas S. chinensis root extract showed highest quantity of mangiferin. S. malabarica, S. oblonga and S. gambleana leaf extract contains the important unsaturated fatty acids and vitamin d-alpha tocopherol which have proven to attenuate oxidative stress and having anti-inflammatory effects. It can be noted that S. chinensis and S. oblonga extract contains higher level of poly unsaturated phytochemical compounds. The study identified that S. chinensis and S. ob-longa could be the most promising raw material for anti-diabetic drug formu-lations based on the phytoconstituent and mangiferin content.
An ethnopharmacological study of Salvia Argentea used by the local people of Saida in northwestern Algeria
Authors: Benabdesslem Yasmina , Hachem Kadda , Kahloula Khaled , Slimani Miloud
Published: August 2021

This ethnopharmacological survey is a first study to assess the traditional uses of Salvia argentea by the local people of Saida, located in the north-western region of Algeria. This plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family, orig-inating from North Africa, is still relatively little studied in Algeria and has no application in conventional medicine. Out of a total of 500 people from the local population interviewed individually, 405 people, including 304 women and 101 men, reported using S. argentea, aged 20 to 90 years, 34.57% of whom are illiterate. Thus, the survey showed that S. argentea is generally used in the treatment of respiratory diseases (93.33%). The leaves are the most commonly used part (87.41%), prepared mainly in powder form (71.60%) and administered exclusively orally (99.51%). The survey collected very valuable information on the traditional therapeutic uses of S. argentea by the study population and for the national pharmacopoeia. This collected information can be considered as a starting point for modern scientific re-search in order to discover new natural molecules with therapeutic interests.
Determination of Low Molecular weight Immunogenic Omp28 Protein and Gene of Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Kumar Rajeev , Singh S. P. , Kumar Mahesh , Kumar Anil
Published: August 2021

Outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria has complex profile of proteins. The outer membrane proteins (OMPs) isolated from S. typhimurium by urea-EDTA extraction method and analysed through SDS-PAGE showed a complex electrophoretic profile having more than 15 low molecular weight proteins with molecular masses ranging between 3.5 and 43 kDa. The most important outer membrane protein (Omp28) of S. typhimurium with submolecular masses of 12.32kDa of main protein was recovered. The gene responsible for expression of this protein was also amplified through PCR and sequenced, showed 341bp amplicon size and predicted amino acid sequence of this pro-tein was determined. The Antigenic index was calculated from amino acid sequence of same gene and found 2.2 (0.1-2.2) suggesting highly antigenic in nature. The experimentally determined values are close agreement with the theoretically calculated molecular weight 12.32 kDa and pI: 9.61 from the gene sequence of this protein. The antigenic natures of predicted protein values are close agreement with experimental determent of Omp28 of S. typhimurium a possible formula for vaccine developmental of genus Salmonella.
Preventive effect of phytic acid against lead toxicity in growing rats: biochemical assays and measuring of blood and brain lead levels
Authors: Chikhi Amira , Kahloula Khaled , Houari Adli Djallal Eddine , Ikhelef Amel Sidi , Slimani Miloud
Published: August 2021

Phytic acid (Inositol hexaphosphate; IP6) is a natural plant antioxidant, it is found in most grain and legumes. Although much attention has been focused on the preventive effect during critical periods of development in lead poi-soned rats. Phytic acid (1%) was administered to Wistar rats during the ges-tation period and then exposed them to lead acetate (0.2%) during the lacta-tion period. We observed a decrease in body weight in the lead intoxicated group. Phytic acid treatment reduces blood lead levels and brain lead (P<0.001) compared to untreated poisoned rats. The group exposed to lead and not treated with IP6 showed an increase in liver enzyme activity (ALAT, ASAT and PAL) and electrolyte levels (Na+, K+, Cl¯). While the values of fere-mia and calcium levels decreased compared to those of control rats, batches treated with IP6 showed a significant increase in serum iron and calcium levels, whereas the value of serum Mg+2 was unchanged compared to that of the intoxicated batch. Similarly, the values of urea, creatinine and uric acid rise significantly in poisoned animals that receive only lead. Preventive treat-ment with IP6 showed a significant decrease in total cholesterol and triglyc-erides (P<0.001) compared to the intoxicated lot. IP6 provides a protection against lead-induced disturbances.
Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry analysis and antibacterial evaluation of essential oils of Pistacia lentiscus from Wilaya of Tissemsilt in Algeria
Authors: Ibrahim Dris , Ali Bekada Ahmed Mohamed , Nabila Attala , Dommes Jacques , Tabart Jessica , Djamel Ait Saada
Published: August 2021

The botanic genera Pistacia are groups around een species of shrubs that belong to the Anacardiaceae family which is believed to have originated in Asian or Mediterranean region. P. len scus is abundant species of the Pistacia genus encountered in the forest region of Ouarsenis mount (Northwest of Algeria), exactly in the na onal park of Thniet El Had in the Wilaya of Tissemsilt in Algeria. In the present study, chemical composi on and an bac- terial ac vi es of essential oil (EO) of P. lentiscus were evaluated. The EO was isolated and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC- MS). The minimum inhibitory concentra on (MIC) was determined using 6 strains of Gram-positive and negative bacteria. The antibiogram was made following the gliosis-environment diffusion method and which makes it possible to determinate bacteria’s sensibility to an bio cs. From a exponential culture (18 to 24 hours), a bacterial suspension was prepared and well- homogenized a erwards. The opacity was adjusted equivalent to 0.5 McF (McFarland). Based on the GC-MS analysis, thirty five compounds representing 100 % of the total oil composi on were iden ed. The essen al oils could be explored to test their an microbial activity, especially against some bacteria that cause alimentary intoxications. The results revealed that the essen al oil exhibited strong levels of an bacterial activity against the tested microorganism regarding the MIC values, Salmonella sp was found to be the most sensitive strain (inhibition zone 23cm MIC 1.25%). Based on the  findings of the present study, new an bacterial agents could be developed, and the use of P. lentiscus should be promoted in the traditional treatment of ailments.
Enhanced killing of multiresistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii through a combined action of antibiotics and bacteriocins
Authors: Amensag Kamar , Ennahar SaÃ¯d , Akhtach Sihame , Guessous Mohamed , Belkhou Rajae
Published: August 2021

A search for multidrug-resistant bacteria was conducted in 1,143 clinical samples in Morocco from which 244 isolates were tested against 29 different antibiotics. This showed a prevalence of resistant strains of 68.4%. The spectra of resistance ranged from 1 to 21. Ampicillin, Ticarcilin, Amoxicillin, Piperacillin and Ciproflaxin were the most frequently resisted. Eight antibiotics were tested against two selected strains, S. aureus 400037 from conjunctive mucosa and A. baumannii 280291 urine, which showed resistance to concentrations up to 240 µg.ml-1. A. baumannii 280291 also resisted the two bacteriocins nisin A and pediocin PA-1, while S. aureus 400037 showed relative sensitivity to nisin A with a MIC of 125 µg.ml-1 but was insensitive to pediocin PA-1. However, the combined use of antibiotics and bacteriocins showedpotentiating effects of bacteriocins on antibiotics or synergistic effects between the two antimicrobials. Combinations with nisin A resulted for instance in a sensitisation of S. aureus 400037 to penicillin G, amoxicillin, ampicillin, cefaclor and ciprofloxacin with MIC values as low as 0.19; 0.78; 0.31; 3.75 and 0.62 µg.ml-1 respectively. Against A. baumannii 280291, the MIC value of gentamycin decreased from 60 to 3.75 µg.ml-1, in the presence of nisin. Similar results were obtained when antibiotics were combined with pediocin PA-1 and such effects were even stronger when both bacteriocins were used along with antibiotics. The present study shows that pathogenic bacteria that developed high levels of resistance to a wide array of antibiotics can be rendered sensitive to the same antibiotics simply by combining them with bacteriocins.
Influence of lactation stage on lipids and fatty acids profile of artisanal Algerian Camembert-type cheese manufactured with cowâ€™s milk
Authors: Bouterfa Asma , Bekada Ahmed , Homrani Abdelkader , Amrane Abdeltif , Zribi Akram , Benakriche Benmehel , Dahloum El Houari , Benabdelmoumene Djilali , Proestos Charalampos
Published: August 2021

Stage of lactation (SOL) is a major factor affecting several characteristics of milk such as fatty acids content and composition, protein and main minerals content. These variations may have important quantitative and qualitative consequences on the characteristics of cheese. The aim objective of this study was to analyse the effect of lactation stage on the fat and fatty acids composition of the artisanal camembert type-cheese made from cow’s milk collected in Mostaganem region (Algeria) and provided from three stages of lactation (early, mid and late). In this study and for each stage of lactation, the fat and fatty acid composition of camembert type-cheese were analysedand evaluated. Results showed that the total lipids were related to the stageof lactation (p<0.05), ranging from 14.6% for the 3rd SOL to 23% for the 1stSOL. The fatty acids composition of Camembert-type cheese showed a highpolyunsaturated fatty acids percentage dominated by ω6 and ω3 fatty acidsrepresented by linoleic and α-linolenic acids. Indeed, they recorded maximum values of 2.53% and 0.6% respectively, for the Camembert made withthe milk of the 1st SOL (p<0.05). Concerning monounsaturated fatty acidsclass, oleic acid is found to be the most important fatty acid with a maximumpercentage (26.1%) in Camembert of the 1st SOL (p<0.05). Finally, this studyconcluded that the stage of lactation plays a determining role on the biochemical composition of the camembert type-cheese, particularly on lipidsand essential fatty acids.