bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biomarkers for the Early Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Parikh Neehar D. , Mehta Anand S. , Singal Amit G. , Block Timothy , Marrero Jorge A. , Lok Anna S.
Published: April 2020

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and the cancer with the fastest increase in mortality in the United States, with more than 39,000 cases and 29,000 deaths in 2018. As with many cancers, survival is significantly improved by early detection. The median survival of patients with early HCC is >60 months but <15 months when detected at an advanced stage. Surveillance of at-risk patients improves outcome, but fewer than 20% of those at risk for HCC receive surveillance, and current surveillance strategies have limited sensitivity and specificity. Ideally, blood-based biomarkers with adequate sensitivity or specificity would be available for early detection of HCC; however, the most commonly used biomarker for HCC, alpha-fetoprotein, has inadequate performance characteristics. There are several candidate serum proteomic, glycomic, and genetic markers that have gone through early stages of biomarker validation and have shown promise for the early detection of HCC, but these markers require validation in well-curated cohorts. Ongoing prospective cohort studies will permit retrospective longitudinal (phase III biomarker study) validation of biomarkers. In this review, we highlight promising candidate biomarkers and biomarker panels that have completed phase II evaluation but require further validation prior to clinical use.

See all articles in this CEBP Focus section, “NCI Early Detection Research Network: Making Cancer Detection Possible.”
Quantification of Early-Stage Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Cancer Requires Excluding Basophils
Authors: Khan ANM Nazmul H. , Emmons Tiffany R. , Wong Jerry T. , Alqassim Emad , Singel Kelly L. , Mark Jaron , Smith Brandon E. , Tario Joseph D. , Eng Kevin H. , Moysich Kirsten B. , Odunsi Kunle , Abrams Scott I. , Segal Brahm H.
Published: April 2020

Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a heterogeneous group of immature cells that accumulate in the peripheral blood and tumor microenvironment and are barriers to cancer therapy. MDSCs serve as prognostic biomarkers and are targets for therapy. On the basis of surface markers, three subsets of MDSCs have been defined in humans: granulocytic, monocytic, and early stage (e-MDSC). The markers attributed to e-MDSCs overlap with those of basophils, which are rare circulating myeloid cells with unrecognized roles in cancer. Thus, we asked whether e-MDSCs in circulation and the tumor microenvironment include basophils. On average, 58% of cells with e-MDSC surface markers in blood and 36% in ascites from patients with ovarian cancer were basophils based on CD123high expression and cytology, whereas cells with immature features were rare. Circulating and ascites basophils did not suppress proliferation of stimulated T cells, a key feature of MDSCs. Increased accumulation of basophils and basogranulin, a marker of basophil degranulation, were observed in ascites compared to serum in patients with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer. Basophils recruited to the tumor microenvironment may exacerbate fluid accumulation by their release of proinflammatory granular constituents that promote vascular leakage. No significant correlation was observed between peripheral basophil counts and survival in patients with ovarian cancer. Our results suggest that studies in which e-MDSCs were defined solely by surface markers should be reevaluated to exclude basophils. Both immaturity and suppression are criteria to define e-MDSCs in future studies.
Myofibroblast-Derived Exosomes Contribute to Development of a Susceptible Substrate for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Li Shichao , Gao Yuanfeng , Liu Ye , Li Jing , Yang Xiyan , Hu Roumu , Liu Jia , Zhang Yuan , Zuo Kun , Li Kuibao , Yin Xiandong , Chen Mulei , Zhong Jiuchang , Yang Xinchun
Published: April 2020

Objective: Atrial fibrosis plays a critical role in atrial fibrillation (AF). A key event in the pathogenesis of fibrosis is the activation of fibroblasts (FBs) into myofibroblasts (MFBs). Paracrine factors released from MFBs lead to ion channel expression changes in cardiomyocytes (CMs). Downregulation of L-type calcium channel Cav1.2 expression is a hallmark of AF-associated ionic remodeling. However, whether exosome (Exo)-mediated crosstalk between MFBs and CMs regulates Cav1.2 expression remains unknown. Methods: Atrial FBs and CMs were isolated and cultured from neonatal rats by enzymatic digestion. The activation of FBs into MFBs was induced by angiotensin II. Co-culture assay and in vitro Exo treatment were used to determine the effect of MFB-derived Exos on Cav1.2 expression. Confocal Ca2+ imaging was performed to examine the adrenergic stimulation-elicited Ca2+ influx signals. The levels of potential Cav1.2-inhibitory microRNAs (miRNAs) were measured by qRT-PCR. Results: Untreated FBs expressed limited amounts of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), while angiotensin II induced a significant upregulation of α-SMA-expressing MFBs. Co-cultures of MFBs and CMs resulted in downregulation of Cav1.2 expression in CMs, which was largely abolished by pretreatment of MFBs with exosomal inhibitor GW4869. More importantly, treatment with MFB-derived Exos caused repression of Cav1.2 expression in CMs. Additionally, the adrenergic receptor agonist-elicited Ca2+ influx signals in CMs were remarkably attenuated by pretreatment with MFB-derived Exos, corresponding to the paralleled change in Cav1.2 expression. Finally, miR-21-3p, a potential Cav1.2-inhibitory miRNA, was enriched in MFB-derived Exos and upregulated in CMs in response to MFB-derived Exos. Conclusion: We uncover an Exo-mediated crosstalk between MFBs and CMs, contributing to increased vulnerability to AF by reducing the expression of Cav1.2 in CMs.
A Validation Study for Recurrence Risk Stratification of Stage II Colon Cancer Using the 55-Gene Classifier
Authors: Shinto Eiji , Oki Eiji , Shimokawa Mototsugu , Yamaguchi Shigeki , Ishiguro Megumi , Morita Masaru , Kusumoto Tetsuya , Tomita Naohiro , Hashiguchi Yojiro , Tanaka Masafumi , Ohnuma Shinobu , Tada Sachiyo , Matsushima Tomoko , Hase Kazuo
Published: April 2020

Introduction: DNA microarrays, such as the consensus molecular subtype (CMS) classification using >600 genes, are used to predict cancer patient prognosis. We recently constructed a simple 55-gene classifier (55GC) system to risk stratify colon cancer (CC). Objective: Here, we validate the 55GC specifically for stage II CC and compare it with CMS categories. Methods: Tissue sections from 232 stage II CC patients who underwent curative surgery without adjuvant chemotherapy between 2009 and 2012 were subjected to DNA microarray analysis. Results: Based on the 55GC, patients were classified into microsatellite instability-like (27%), chromosomal instability-like (41%), and stromal (32%) subtypes with 5-year relapse-free survival (RFS) rates of 88.5, 83.3, and 71.2%, respectively (stromal vs. others: p = 0.0049). Multivariate analysis by Cox’s proportional hazard model revealed that the stromal subtype, pT4, and the number of lymph nodes examined (<12) were independent poor prognostic factors. The overall concordance rate between 55GC and CMS was 72%, and 5-year RFS rates of patients with CMS1, CMS2, CMS3, and CMS4 cancers were 100, 85.5, 92.3, and 73.0%, respectively (p = 0.0113). Conclusions: We conclude that the 55GC is a useful and reproducible grading system for stage II CC recurrence risk stratification.
Supportive Care in AL Amyloidosis
Authors: Cibeira M. Teresa , Ortiz-Pérez José T. , Quintana Luis F. , Fernádez de Larrea Carlos , Tovar Natalia , Bladé Joan
Published: April 2020

Immunoglobulin light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is a systemic disease characterized by the production and deposition of light chain-derived amyloid fibrils in different organs. Prompt treatment directed to the underlying plasma cell clone is crucial in order to achieve a rapid, deep and durable hematologic response. The decrease in the production of the amyloidogenic light chains is a required condition to obtain the organ response, which is commonly delayed. Meanwhile, supportive treatment is aimed to maintain quality of life of these patients and preserve their involved organs’ function. From simple measures, such as salt restriction or compressive stockings, to very complex interventions, such as heart transplantation in very selected patients with isolated severe cardiac involvement, this supportive care is essential and has to be necessarily included in the multidisciplinary management of this disease.
Three Offspring with Cri-du-Chat Syndrome from Phenotypically Normal Parents
Authors: Alkaya Dilek U. , Karaman Birsen , Tüysüz Beyhan
Published: April 2020

Cri-du-chat syndrome is characterized by facial dysmorphism, intellectual disability, and multiple congenital anomalies. Most cases occur de novo. Here, we report 3 siblings with cri-du-chat syndrome born to healthy parents. The proband was admitted to our clinic at the age of 6.5 years due to severe intellectual disability, facial dysmorphism, and heart defect. His karyotype showed a deletion of chromosome 5p. Microarray analysis revealed a 29-Mb deletion in chromosome 5p and a 4.7-Mb duplication in chromosome 19q. FISH analysis indicated an unbalanced translocation between 5p13.3 and 19q13.4. During follow-up, the second and the third child of the family were born with the same chromosome abnormality. Parental peripheral blood and skin fibroblast karyotypes as well as the FISH results using chromosome 5p- and 19q-specific subtelomeric probes were normal. FISH analysis of the father's sperm detected a 5p deletion in 12.8% of 200 cells, and microarray analysis confirmed the same unbalanced chromosome abnormality in a mosaic pattern. Uncultured peripheral blood and buccal smear of the father were also studied by FISH to exclude low-level mosaicism and in vitro culture effect. This is the first study that provides molecular evidence of paternal gonadal mosaicism of an unbalanced translocation detected in 3 siblings with cri-du-chat syndrome.
Cerrado e Veredas: designação, sentido e mudança semântica
Authors: Marra Daniel
Published: April 2020

Este artigo mostra como a metáfora e a metonímia são abundantes e operantes nos processos de criação lexical e de mudança semântica. Para tanto, elegeu-se, para a análise, as unidades lexicais Cerrado e Vereda, vocábulos que designam, respectivamente, o segundo maior bioma brasileiro e um de seus subsistemas. Aborda-se essa questão do ponto de vista da teoria semântica em sua face diacrônica, bem como da teoria lexical e da etimologia. A análise mostra que os sentidos desses vocábulos se instanciaram por meio de processos metafóricos e metonímicos e que sofreram mudança de sentido em diferentes sincronias pretéritas. Evidencia-se, finalmente, que tanto a criação de um item lexical quanto a sua mudança de sentido envolvem objetivos pragmáticos, como a necessidade dos utentes de expressão de um novo sentido relacionado a uma dada realidade no mundo empírico.
Um estudo do termo fiscal na terminologia da Economia: processos de formação e informações conceituais
Authors: Costa Lucimara Alves da Conceição , Alves Ieda Maria
Published: April 2020

Neste trabalho, temos por objetivo analisar as ocorrências do termo fiscal em um corpus da terminologia da Economia, com o intuito de verificar os padrões de formação mais recorrentes constituídos por esse adjetivo, as informações semânticas veiculadas pelos termos sintagmáticos de que ele faz parte, bem como uma possível relação entre os termos próprios do domínio da Economia com outras áreas de conhecimento, principalmente pelo emprego de metáforas conceituais. Para tanto, pautamo-nos nos pressupostos da Morfologia de especialidade e da Terminologia. A metodologia seguida consistiu em duas fases: uma análise quantitativa por meio da seleção das lexias com utilização do programa Wordsmith Tools e uma análise quantitativa dos termos selecionados, na qual verificamos o processo de formação e o “que quer dizer” cada uma dessas construções. Como resultados, esperamos que este estudo contribua para uma melhor caracterização e conhecimento de como se constitui a terminologia da Economia, uma vez que fiscalé um dos termos de maior ocorrência nessa área de especialidade, estando vinculado a diversas outras lexias e participando de distintos padrões de formação.
Early‐Life Famine Exposure and Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Later Life: Findings From the REACTION Study
Authors: Du Rui , Zheng Ruizhi , Xu Yu , Zhu Yuanyue , Yu Xuefeng , Li Mian , Tang Xulei , Hu Ruying , Su Qing , Wang Tiange , Zhao Zhiyun , Xu Min , Chen Yuhong , Shi Lixin , Wan Qin , Chen Gang , Dai Meng , Zhang Di , Gao Zhengnan , Wang Guixia , Shen Feixia , Luo Zuojie , Qin Yingfen , Chen Li , Huo Yanan , Li Qiang , Ye Zhen , Zhang Yinfei , Liu Chao , Wang Youmin , Wu Shengli , Yang Tao , Deng Huacong , Chen Lulu , Zhao Jiajun , Mu Yiming , Li Donghui , Qin Guijun , Wang Weiqing , Ning Guang , Yan Li , Bi Yufang , Lu Jieli , Bloomgarden Zachary T.
Published: April 2020

Background

Previous studies reported that early‐life exposure to undernutrition is associated with the risk of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome in adulthood, but the association with risk of cardiovascular disease (
CVD
) later in life remains unclear. The current study aimed to investigate whether exposure to Chinese famine in early life is associated with risk of
CVD
.

Methods and Results

We used data from
REACTION
(Risk Evaluation of Cancers in Chinese Diabetic Individuals: A Longitudinal Study), which recruited a total of 259 657 community‐dwelling adults aged 40 years or older from 25 centers across mainland China between 2011 and 2012. Compared with the nonexposed participants, those who had been exposed to famine in early life had a significantly increased risk of total
CVD
, myocardial infarction, stroke, and coronary heart disease. In the multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression model, the odds ratios (95% CI) for total
CVD
, myocardial infarction, stroke, and coronary heart disease in fetal famine exposure were 1.35 (1.20–1.52), 1.59 (1.08–2.35), 1.40 (1.11–1.78), and 1.44 (1.26–1.65), respectively; those odds ratios in childhood famine exposure were 1.59 (1.40–1.81), 2.20 (1.52–3.20), 1.82 (1.45–2.28), and 1.80 (1.56–2.09), respectively; and those in adolescent famine exposure were 1.52 (1.27–1.81), 2.07 (1.28–3.35), 1.92 (1.42–2.58), and 1.83 (1.50–2.24), respectively. The main finding of our study is that, compared with those who lived in the less severely affected famine area, individuals in the severely affected famine area had significantly increased risk of total
CVD
in all 3 exposed groups.

Conclusions

Early‐life exposure to undernutrition is associated with significantly increased risk of
CVD
in later life, especially among those who were in the severely affected famine area.
Distributed Agency: Foreign Policy sans MFA
Authors: Dittmer Jason
Published: April 2020

This short provocation argues for a diplomacy studies that is less focused on the rationality of states, with the ministry of foreign affairs (MFA) as an imagined black box in which calculation occurs, and more on the idea of ‘external’ agency as the emergent effect from a range of elements within and without the state. To illustrate this idea, the essay sketches out an example of foreign policy made in the absence of an MFA entirely: Gibraltar’s 2019 intervention in the Grace 1 controversy.
Tell a Styloperlidae from its wing venation: diagnostic traits of the family derived from a survey of intra-specific variability in Cerconychia livida Klapálek, 1913 and related species (Insecta: Plecoptera)
Authors: Liu Fangfang , Li Weihai , Cui Yingying , Béthoux Olivier
Published: April 2020

Wing venation is a character system commonly used in the systematics of fossil insects, but the existing documentation for extant forms is often insufficient to allow robust identification of extinct forms. The existing literature suggests that the small stonefly family Styloperlidae Illies, 1966, for which no fossils have ever been identified, might possess a suite of distinctive traits. In order to assess their relevance, we conducted a comparative analysis based on a set of individuals of Cerconychia livida Klapálek, 1913, and of singletons belonging to four additional species. Our survey demonstrates that, in forewing, a fusion of the anterior-most branch of AA2 with AA1 occurs, a trait unique to the family. The occurrence of one to several cross-veins in the distal part of the ScP–RA area (both wing pairs), and of a supernumerary sigmoidal cross-vein in the MP–CuA area (hind wing), are also distinctive features, but are not unique to the family. A few other peculiar traits, which relevance remains unclear, are highlighted. Hopefully, our survey will allow close fossil relatives to be identified in the near future.
Per una storia incrociata tra l’Italia e la Libia: Il percorso dell’etnologa e arabista Ester Panetta (1894-1983)
Authors: Bruzzi Silvia
Published: April 2020

This paper is a contribution to the entangled history between Italy and Libya through the trajectory life of Ester Panetta (1894-1983), a leading scholar who devoted her life to develop the knowledge of the language, history and cultures of Libya. After her Arabic and colonial studies at the Oriental Institutes in Naples and in Paris, she lived in Libya until the outbreak of the Second World War when she definitively came back to Italy. Her experience as single woman in colonial lands is not isolated at all, as the stories of single women crossing the territory of the Empire as travellers, teachers and missionaries testify.
An Interlanguage Study of Request Perspective: Evidence from German, Greek, Polish and Russian Learners of English
Authors: Ogiermann Eva , Bella Spyridoula
Published: April 2020

The present study examines request perspective, the least researched form of mitigation in requesting, while focusing on a type of request characterized by a strong preference for speaker perspective in English and for hearer perspective in most other languages researched to date. It examines requests produced by 900 speakers from nine different (inter)language groups: five groups of native speakers (English, German, Greek, Polish and Russian) and four groups of advanced learners of English as a foreign language (German, Greek, Polish and Russian L1s).

While our learners used more conventionally indirect forms than did the native speakers of the respective L1s, showing awareness of this English pragmatic norm, they retained a preference for the hearer perspective. These results suggest reliance on pragmatic universals as an alternative explanation to pragmatic transfer, also illustrating the need to address less salient pragmatic features in English language teaching.
Typifications, synonymizations and nomenclatural notes in Myrcia sect. Reticulosae (Myrtaceae)

Authors: FERNANDES THIAGO , LIMA DUANE F. , LUCAS EVE J. , BRAGA JOÃO MARCELO ALVARENGA
Published: April 2020

Myrcia sect. Reticulosae comprises ca. 15 Brazilian endemic species distributed mainly in Atlantic Forest, Cerrado (Brazilian savanna) and Campo Rupestre (rocky outcrop vegetation). These species appeared as a cohesive group for the first time in recent phylogenetic hypotheses and their taxonomic revision is currently underway. In this context, this study aims to properly link the names to their respective type materials, presenting necessary lectotypifications and neotypifications, along with nomenclatural notes for nine species. Additionally, two new synonyms are proposed.
A review of the genus Trachystolodes Breuning, 1943 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Lamiini)
Authors: HUANG GUI-QIANG , GUO LIANG , LIU PENG-YU
Published: April 2020

A taxonomic review of the genus Trachystolodes Breuning is presented. A new species, Trachystolodes huangjianbini sp. nov., is described from southeast China. Trachystolodes tonkinensis Breuning, 1943 is redescribed and its distribution is discussed. Trachystolodes is redescribed and a key to three known species of Trachystolodes is presented.
A new species of the genus Loricula Curtis from central Honshu, Japan (Heteroptera: Microphysidae)
Authors: YASUNAGA TOMOHIDE , YAMADA KAZUTAKA , OHNO TOMOHIDE
Published: April 2020

A new species of the little known microphysid genus Loricula Curtis (Microphysidae) is described, based on eleven female specimens recently found from Honshu, Japan. These individuals were collected on tree barks or trunks of broadleaf forest. An updated key is provided to aid in identification of adult females of the Japanese Loricula species.
Shared Leadership for Learning in Denver’s Portfolio Management Model
Authors: Torres A. Chris , Bulkley Katrina , Kim Taeyeon
Published: April 2020

Purpose: This study examines how district governance and different school contexts in Denver’s portfolio management model affect shared leadership for learning. We define this as shared influence on instructional leadership and school-wide decision making, which research suggests have strong ties to student achievement and teacher commitment. Method: We analyze interview data from 53 administrators, teacher leaders, and teachers in eight case study schools and teacher surveys in 48 schools. In both data sets, we purposively sampled based on variance in school performance ratings and by school type (e.g., traditional public, standalone charter, charter management organization [CMO], and innovation schools). Findings: We find that perceptions of shared instructional leadership were generally high across the school contexts, though CMO and innovation schools had the highest perceptions in both the survey and case study data. Schools varied substantially in shared decision making, but innovation schools had higher average scores than other school models. Centralized policies and supports, alongside organizational visions spanning networks of schools, helped explain the enactment of shared leadership for learning. For example, schools within Denver’s “innovation” network shared a common vision of teacher empowerment, while CMOs that had more prescribed policies and practices across their schools had lower reported levels of shared decision making. Implications for Research and Practice: Portfolio management models that prioritize school-based autonomy and choice between different kinds of schools are proliferating in urban areas. Our study helps explain why and how shared leadership for learning differs between school models and explores important implications for this variation.
In situ identification of Action 4, SECA and QD-PEP bullets from special police ammunitions by computed tomography
Authors: Gascho Dominic , Zoelch Niklaus , Deininger-Czermak Eva , Tappero Carlo , Richter Henning , Thali Michael J , Schaerli Sarah
Published: April 2020

Introduction

Special deformation bullets were developed for police forces to achieve a defined penetration depth (avoiding over-penetration) and a controlled energy transfer (avoiding collateral damage). This article focuses on Action 4, SECA and QD-PEP bullets. These 9 mm bullets were specially designed for controlled deformation. The characteristic slight mushrooming with a front cross-section of approximately 11.5 mm after entering a ballistic simulant was verified in ballistic tests. To achieve such slight mushrooming, the projectile’s core is hollowed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of visualising the hollowed cores of Action 4, SECA and QD-PEP bullets using a standard clinical computed tomography (CT) scanner for non-invasive identification of these special bullets from police ammunitions.

Methods

First, undeformed specimens were scanned to reveal the shape of the hollowed core of each type of special bullet. Second, Action 4, SECA and QD-PEP bullets were fired towards animal cadaver models to visualise their hollow core after deformation inside biological tissue. Third, two reviewers were tasked with identifying special bullets from police ammunition (Action 4 bullets: n = 3) among 10 CT examinations of humans with lodged projectiles who were selected by the supervisor of the study.

Results

The CT scans of the undeformed specimens revealed the special design of the bullets’ metal core. All special bullets from police ammunitions that were fired towards an animal cadaver model demonstrated the characteristic slight mushrooming. In accordance with the CT scans of the undeformed bullets, visualisation of the individual internal cavities of the special bullets allowed the Action 4, SECA and QD-PEP bullets to be clearly distinguished. With regard to the real forensic cases, both reviewers clearly identified each of the three Action 4 bullets among all other lodged projectiles.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the feasibility of identifying Action 4, SECA and QD-PEP bullets from special police ammunitions by CT. The individual shapes of the cavity inside the bullets were clearly visible on CT. In situ identification of these bullets can aid in the assessment of injuries, and since these bullets are fabricated from non-ferromagnetic metals, their clear identification allows for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) without the risk of bullet movement inside the body due to the magnetic pull of the MRI unit. Furthermore, this approach could be of great interest to forensic investigators if patients who received gunshot wounds underwent non-operative treatments and the projectile remains in the body. Since the use of CT is also increasing for medico-legal post-mortem examinations, the identification of lodged projectiles is of interest for a virtual autopsy or ‘Virtopsy’.
Psychometric Properties of a New Scale Measuring Neglect and Abuse of Older Adults in the Community: Implications for Social Activity
Authors: Asiamah Nestor , Kouveliotis Kyriakos , Eduafo Richard , Borkey Richard
Published: April 2020

Background

Neglect and abuse of older adults are still prevalent in communities of developing countries, a situation that could discourage active and healthy behaviors in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods

This study used the cross-sectional and correlational approaches to construct a scale measuring neglect and abuse in older adults living in the community. The study population was all (3,211) older adults who were resident in Accra and were part of the database of the Social Security and National Insurance Trust. Participants were 515 individuals who met some inclusion criteria. Three steps were followed to determine an initial set of 11 items, and principal component analysis with varimax rotation and confirmatory factor analysis were used to select relevant items and assess the psychometric properties of the final scale.

Results

Principal component analysis with varimax rotation yielded a two-factor solution on all 11 items. The first factor extracted was “discrimination and exploitation,” which accounted for a variance of 53.9% out of total variance of 70.8%. The scale had a good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = .90, factor loading ≥0.50). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the two-factor solution and produced satisfactory convergent and discriminant validity.

Conclusion

It is concluded that 11 items that make up 2 factors are potential indicators of neglect and abuse of older adults at the community level. Finally, neglect and abuse of older people in the community can contribute to an increase or decrease in social activity.
In-vivo histocompatibility and osteogenic potential of biodegradable PLDLA composites containing silica-based bioactive glass fiber
Authors: Wu Peng , Wang Yue , Sun Dongyuan , Luo Youran , Chen Cheng , Tang Ziqing , Liao Yunmao , Cao Xiaoyan , Xu Lijun , Cheng Chengkung , Liu Weiqing , Liang Xing
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this two-year study was to evaluate the histocompatibility and osteogenic properties of a composite material consisting of poly(l- co-d,l lactide) (PLDLA) and silica-based bioactive glass fibers in vivo. PLDLA and PLDLA/silica-based bioactive glass fibers pins were implanted into the erector spinae muscles and femurs of beagles. Muscle and bone tissue samples were harvested 6, 12, 16, 26, 52, 78, and 104 weeks after implantation. Histology analysis was used to assess the histocompatibility, angiogenesis, and bone-implant contact. Micro-computed tomography was used to evaluate bone formation around the pins. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting revealed the expression level of the osteogenesis-related proteins. Addition of bioactive glass was demonstrated to possess better histocompatibility and reduce the inflammatory reactions in vivo. Moreover, PLDLA/silica-based bioactive glass fibers pins were demonstrated to promote angiogenesis and increase osteogenesis-related proteins expression, and thus played a positive role in osteogenesis and osseointegration after implantation. Our findings indicated that a composite of PLDLA and silica-based bioactive glass fiber is a promising biodegradable material for clinical use.
Body Mass Index and Body Satisfaction: Does Availability of Well-Fitting Clothes Matter?
Authors: Grogan Sarah , Gill Simeon , Brownbridge Kathryn , McChesney Gillian , Wren Paula , Cole Jenny , Darby John , Jones Celina , Armitage Christopher J.
Published: April 2020

Relatively little is known about the factors that mediate the relationship between high body mass index (BMI) and reduced body satisfaction. This is the first study to investigate whether availability of well-fitting clothes mediates this relationship. Eighty-five women with an age range of 18–81 years were 3D body scanned and weighed and measured at Time 1, and number of retailers stocking their sizes (determined through body scans) was calculated. At Time 2, they completed an online body satisfaction measure. Body satisfaction at Time 2 was predicted by both BMI and availability of well-fitting clothes in UK retailers at Time 1, with the two factors explaining 27% of the variance in body satisfaction. Availability of clothes size partially mediated the relationship between BMI and body satisfaction. Results suggest that the clothing retail sector might contribute to reducing body dissatisfaction by providing a wider range of choices for all sizes of consumer.
Modeling of induction heating of thermoplastic composites
Authors: Holland Maximilian , van Tooren Michel JL , Barazanchy Darun , Pandher Jaspreet
Published: April 2020

In this article, a hybrid finite element model is presented for the simulation of induction heating of layered composite plates. Modeling includes the alternating electromagnetic field generated by an alternating current running through a coil, the current densities in the composite plate resulting from the electromagnetic field, the heat generation resulting from the current density distribution, and the heat transfer resulting from the nonuniform heat generation in the plate and the temperature distribution in the plate. The different elements of the model are shown to capture the time-dependent temperature distribution resulting from a coil moving over the surface of a composite laminate.
Effect of aluminium substrate thickness on the lap-shear strength of adhesively bonded and hybrid riveted-bonded joints
Authors: Beber VC , Wolter N , Schneider B , Koschek K
Published: April 2020

For lightweight materials, e.g. aluminium, the definition of proper joining technology relies on material properties, as well as design and manufacturing aspects. Substrate thickness is especially relevant due to its impact on the weight of components. The present work compares the performance of adhesively bonded (AJ) to hybrid riveted-bonded joints (HJ) using aluminium substrates. To assess the lightweight potential of these joining methods, the effect of substrate thickness (2 and 3 mm) on the lap-shear strength (LSS) of single lap joints is investigated. An epoxy-based structural adhesive is employed for bonding, whilst HJs are produced by lockbolt rivet insertion into fully cured adhesive joints. The stiffness of joints increased with an increase of substrate thickness. HJs presented two-staged failure process with an increase in energy absorption and displacement at break. For HJs, the substrate thickness changed the failure mechanism of rivets: with thicker substrates failure occurred due to shear, whereas in thinner substrates due to rivet pulling-through. The LSS of 2 mm and 3 mm-thick AJs is similar. With 2 mm-thick substrates, the LSS of HJs was lower than AJs. In contrast, the highest LSS is obtained by the 3 mm-thick HJs. The highest lightweight potential, i.e. LSS divided by weight, is achieved by the 2 mm-thick AJs, followed by the 3 mm-thick HJs with a loss of ca. 10% of specific LSS.
SOX2for Stem Cell Therapy and Medical Use: Pros or Cons?
Authors: Chuang Hong-Meng , Huang Mao-Hsuan , Chen Yu-Shuan , Harn Horng-Jyh
Published: April 2020

Stem cell transplantation is a fast-developing technique, which includes stem cell isolation, purification, and storage, and it is in high demand in the industry. In addition, advanced applications of stem cell transplantation, including differentiation, gene delivery, and reprogramming, are presently being studied in clinical trials. In contrast to somatic cells, stem cells are self-renewing and have the ability to differentiate; however, the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. SOX2 (sex-determining region Y [ SRY]-b ox 2) is one of the well-known reprogramming factors, and it has been recognized as an oncogene associated with cancer induction. The exclusion of SOX2 in reprogramming methodologies has been used as an alternative cancer treatment approach. However, the manner by which SOX2 induces oncogenic effects remains unclear, with most studies demonstrating its regulation of the cell cycle and no insight into the maintenance of cellular stemness. For controlling certain critical pathways, including Shh and Wnt pathways, SOX2 is considered irreplaceable and is required for the normal functioning of stem cells, particularly neural stem cells. In this report, we discussed the functions of SOX2 in both stem and cancer cells, as well as how this powerful regulator can be used to control cell fate.
Perspectives of Survivorship Care Plans Among Older Breast Cancer Survivors: A Pilot Study
Authors: Krok-Schoen Jessica L. , Naughton Michelle J. , Noonan Anne M. , Pisegna Janell , DeSalvo Jennifer , Lustberg Maryam B.
Published: April 2020

The Commission on Cancer’s standard 3.3 represents a paradigm shift in the care of cancer survivors, recommending that survivors receive a treatment summary and survivorship care plan (SCPs). A focus on older breast cancer survivors is needed, as they are the majority of the breast cancer population and their experiences and perspectives of SCPs is limited in the literature. This pilot study utilized a mixed methods approach (focus groups and self-report questionnaire data) to gather information on older (≥65 years) breast cancer survivors’ perspectives of their SCPs, cancer survivorship, and communication with their health-care providers. The questionnaire was completed individually by the participants prior to the focus group and contained items on basic demographics and their health status following cancer treatment. The focus groups indicated that only a minority of women actually developed a SCP. Those who developed a SCP in collaboration with their providers valued the personal care and attention received. However, some participants reported poor communication with their providers and within their health-care team, resulting in frustration and confusion. Participants’ suggestions for ideal SCPs included better education and personalization, particularly in appropriate nutrition and exercise, and managing side effects and comorbidities. Lastly, the women believed that additional long-term care resources, such as health coaches, were important in improving their survivorship. These findings provide insight into enhancing the content, communication, and application of SCPs to improve the survivorship experience of older breast cancer survivors.
Women With Congenital Hypofibrinogenemia/Afibrinogenemia: From Birth to Death
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zuo Xiaohang , Teng Yue
Published: April 2020

Congenital fibrinogen disorders are a group of most frequent rare coagulation disorder, characterized by deficiency and/or defects in the fibrinogen molecule. Quantitative disorders include hypofibrinogenemia and afibrinogenemia. Due to their specific physiological characteristics, female patients tend to have congenital hypofibrinogenemia/afibrinogenemia, such as spontaneous recurrent abortion, menorrhagia, infertility, antepartum and postpartum hemorrhage, and so on. Current studies of congenital hypofibrinogenemia/afibrinogenemia mainly focus on different types of fibrinogen mutations, etiology/pathogenesis, and some rare case reports of the diseases. So far, there is no study available to systematically review the specific features of female patients with congenital bleeding disorders. This review aims to deal with hematological, gynecologic and obstetric issues, and relevant clinical management of congenital hypofibrinogenemia/afibrinogenemia at different life stages of female patients. We believe this review provides valuable reference for clinicians in the field of hematology, obstetrics, as well as gynecology.
A Replication of “Sorting through Global Corruption Determinants: Institutions and Education Matter—Not Culture” (World Development 2018)
Authors: Goel Rajeev K. , Saunoris James W.
Published: April 2020

An interesting recent paper by Jetter and Parmeter (World Development 2018), (J-P), provides a useful robustness analysis of the significant determinants of cross-country corruption and identifies institutions and literacy as key influences, but a nation’s culture is shown to not matter. Whereas J-P consider a range of potential influences on corruption, their findings are based on a single measure of corruption. This note considers two additional widely used measures of corruption and tests the robustness of J-P’s findings. Results show support for a number of J-P’s findings but also show the sensitivity of their main findings to the sample size, and that the influence of culture is shown to be not insignificant. This suggests appropriate caution be used in framing policies, especially when they are based on a single measure of variables that are plagued by measurement issues.
Ten-year outcomes following a cohort of ASR XL total hip arthroplasties
Authors: Kelly Gerard A , Hill Janet C , O’Brien Seamus , McChesney Jane , Dennison Janice , Stevenson Michael , Beverland David E
Published: April 2020

Aims:

To determine the outcome at 10 years of a cohort of ASR XL total hip arthroplasties (THAs) and reasons for revision.

Methods:

Between November 2005 and May 2007, 122 ASR XL THAs were implanted. All patients had a routine review at 6 weeks and 1 year, followed by a review in 2009 because of clinical concern and thereafter annual review up to 10 years with MRI. Review also included functional scores, radiographs, pain scores and blood metal ions.

Results:

67 (54.9%) ASR XLs had been revised by 11.1 years. Reasons for revision included pain (89.6%), high levels of cobalt and chromium ions (50.7%) and radiographic or MRI changes (80.6%). All 3 factors were present in 23 (34.3%). Pain at 1 year did not predict revision, but pain at the 2009 review did. At 10 years the revised patients had an average Oxford Hip Score (OHS) of 25.38 (12–42) and the non-revised 23.61 (2–21), the difference was not significant ( p  = 0.48). 3 patients (4.5%) have had a further revision; 2 for a previously unrevised stem and the other for instability.

Conclusions:

Our arthroplasty care practitioner service allowed us to identify increased pain and stop using the ASR XL over 3 years before the implant was recalled. The revised patients had similar functional outcome to those unrevised. Poorly performing implants need to be identified earlier.
Aboriginal rights and title for archaeologists: A history of archaeological evidence in Canadian litigation
Authors: Hogg Erin A , Welch John R
Published: April 2020

Archaeological evidence has been used to assess pre-contact occupation and use of land since the first modern Aboriginal title claim in Canada. Archaeology’s ability to alternately challenge, support, and add substantive spatial and temporal dimensions to oral histories and documentary histories makes it a crucial tool in the resolution of Aboriginal rights and title. This article assesses how archaeological evidence has been considered in Aboriginal rights and title litigation in Canada, both over time and in different types of cases. The examination indicates that archaeological data have been judged to be sufficient evidence of pre-contact occupation and use. However, some limitations inherent in archaeological data, especially challenges in archaeology’s capacities to demonstrate continuous occupation and exclude possibilities for co-occupation, mean that it is best used in conjunction with ethnographies, oral histories, and historical documents. So long as courts affirm that it is the sole material evidence of pre-contact occupation, archaeological data will continue to be considered in future litigation.
Motivating toward organizational commitment: A cross-comparative perspective
Authors: Afshari Leila
Published: April 2020

This article investigates how factors that contribute to the development of organizational commitment can be adjusted to take account of cultural diversity among employees, by taking the mediating effects of motivational processes and leadership into account. Survey data were obtained from two similar organizations in two different cultural contexts—Australia and Iran. The findings showed that both intrinsic and identified motivations and leadership are critical to the development of desirable organizational commitment. The introjected form of motivation was found to be the factor that mediates variances in employee commitment between the two cultural contexts. The current study explains this mediation role by referring to the different degrees to which conformity is salient across the two contexts, thereby providing managers, who are working in culturally diverse contexts, a means of understanding how and why different motivational techniques are more or less likely to contribute to the development of organizational commitment. Furthermore, the present study contributes to the existing literature on organizational commitment by comparing and contrasting the nature and prominence of employee commitment profiles in two different cultural contexts.
Right-Sided Approach for Segmental Resection of the Left Main Bronchus—Technical Considerations
Authors: Kroepfl Veronika , Ng Caecilia , Maier Herbert , Lucciarini Paolo , Scheidl Stefan , Öfner Dietmar , Augustin Florian
Published: April 2020

Carcinoids of the left main bronchus are rare tumors of the bronchial system and patients often present with dyspnea, asthma-like symptoms, and pneumonia. Gold standard for therapy of carcinoids is surgical resection, but the surgical approach for segmental resection and anastomosis of the left main bronchus is a matter of discussion. With a left-sided approach the access to the bronchus is blocked by the aortic arch and the pulmonary vein. If a right-sided approach is performed, the problem of ventilation during resection and anastomosis of the bronchus occurs. We present a surgical approach from the right side using intraoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to assure oxygen supply for resection of a typical carcinoid of the left main stem bronchus, and discuss the current literature.
The blade surface performance and its robotic machining
Authors: Qiu Lei , Qi Liangtao , Liu Lanlan , Zhang Zhu , Xu Jianwei
Published: April 2020

Through numerical calculations, it could be found that when the blade surface quality reaches a certain level, the surface quality of the blade was continuously improved, and the guarantee effect on its performance would be weakened. Under this circumstance, continuing to improve the surface quality of the blade had no positive effect on the performance of the blade. Studies had shown that when the blade surface equivalent grit roughness Ks reaches 4.96 (about R a = 0.8 µm), the blade performance was close to the smooth surface of the blade, and no further processing was required to improve the surface roughness. When the surface equivalent grit Ks was greater than 4.96 µm, the surface roughness had a great influence on the blade performance. When Ks was larger than 40 µm, the negative effect is significantly increased. For the different characteristics of the blade and different processing conditions, four kinds of robot-based blade surface grinding schemes were proposed, of which the core content was the robot layout. Based on the robot group’s fitting to the spatial surface and the path planning, the experimental verification was carried out.
Nice Guys Finish Last? The Effect of Lay Theories on Prosocial Actors’ Motivation and Future Benefits
Authors: Zhang Yue , Chen Xuhai , Liu Zaijia , Zhang Yuzhuo , Jiang Tong , You Xuqun , Luo Yangmei
Published: April 2020

Lin-Healy and Small found that laypeople believed that selfless prosocial actors were less likely than their selfish counterparts to benefit from their acts—that is, “nice guys finish last” (Study 1). The purpose of the current research was to replicate and extend their results. Our first three studies asked laypeople to estimate selfless or selfish prosocial actors’ future benefits. Inconsistent with the original results, we found that both Eastern and Western laypeople believed that selfless actors were more likely to benefit than selfish actors (Studies 1 and 2), and the belief in a just world moderated this effect (Study 3). Study 4 asked participants to choose an agent among three prosocial actors with different motivations to gamble for a monetary reward. The results showed that laypeople were more likely to choose a selfless agent to make the bet. The findings indicate that laypeople believe that authentic altruistic actors obtain future benefits.
Buying Unethical Loyalty: A Behavioral Paradigm and Empirical Test
Authors: Thielmann Isabel , Böhm Robert , Hilbig Benjamin E.
Published: April 2020

Unethical behavior is often accompanied by others covering up a transgressor’s actions. We devised a novel behavioral paradigm, the Unethical Loyalty Game (ULG), to study individuals’ willingness to lie to cover up others’ dishonesty. Specifically, we examined (i) whether and to what extent individuals are willing to lie to cover up others’ unethical behavior, (ii) whether this unethical loyalty depends on the benefits (bribe) at stake, and (iii) whether trait Honesty–Humility accounts for interindividual variability in unethical loyalty. In a fully incentivized experiment ( N = 288), we found a high prevalence of lying to cover up others’ unethical behavior, which increased with increasing bribes. In turn, unethical loyalty decreased with individuals’ Honesty–Humility levels. Overall, the findings show that most but not all individuals are corruptible to disguise others’ transgressions. Future research using the ULG can help to further illuminate (the determinants of) this prevalent type of unethical behavior.