bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A horizon for haptic perception
Authors: Miller Luke E. , Jarto Felix , Medendorp W. Pieter
Published: January 2022

The spatial limits of sensory acquisition (its sensory horizon) is a fundamental property of any sensorimotor system. In the present study, we sought to determine the sensory horizon for the human haptic modality. At first blush, it seems obvious that the haptic system is bounded by the space where the body can interact with the environment (e.g., the arm span). However, the human somatosensory system is exquisitely tuned to sensing with tools—blind-cane navigation being a classic example of this. The horizon of haptic perception therefore extends beyond body space, but to what extent is unknown. We first used neuromechanical modelling to determine the theoretical horizon, which we pinpointed as six meters. We then used a psychophysical localization paradigm to behaviorally confirm that humans can haptically localize objects using a six-meter rod. This finding underscores the incredibly flexibility of the brain’s sensorimotor representations, as they can be adapted to sense with an object many times longer than the user’s own body.
Core Transcription Programs Controlling Injury-Induced Neurodegeneration of Retinal Ganglion Cells
Authors: Tian Feng , Cheng Yuyan , Zhou Songlin , Wang Qianbin , Monavarfeshani Aboozar , Gao Kun , Jiang Weiqian , Kawaguchi Riki , Wang Qing , Tang Mingjun , Donahue Ryan , Meng Huyan , Jacobi Anne , Yin Jiani , Cai Xinyi , Hegarty Shane , Stanicka Joanna , Dmitriev Phillip , Taub Daniel , Woolf Clifford J. , Sanes Joshua R. , Geschwind Daniel H. , He Zhigang
Published: January 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by neuronal death and regenerative failure. However, gene regulatory programs governing how initial neuronal injuries lead to neuronal death remain poorly understood. In adult mice, optic nerve crush (ONC) injury, which severs all axons of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), results in massive death of axotomized RGCs and regenerative failure of survivors. We performed an in vivo CRISPR/Cas9-based genome-wide screen of 1893 transcription factors (TFs) to seek repressors of RGC survival and axon regeneration following ONC. In parallel, we profiled the epigenetic and transcriptional landscapes of injured RGCs by ATAC-seq and RNA-seq to identify critical injury responsive TFs and their targets. Remarkably, these independent analyses converged on a set of four ATF/CEBP transcription factors – ATF3, ATF4, C/EBPγ and CHOP (Ddit3) – as critical regulators of survival. Further studies indicate that these TFs contribute to two pro-death transcriptional programs: ATF3/CHOP preferentially regulate pathways activated by cytokines and innate immunity, whereas ATF4/C/EBPγ regulate pathways engaged by intrinsic neuronal stressors. Manipulation of these TFs also protects RGCs in an experimental model of glaucoma, a prevalent disease in which RGCs die. Together, our results reveal core transcription programs that transform an initial axonal insult into a degenerative result and suggest novel strategies for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
Neural Collective Matrix Factorization for Integrated Analysis of Heterogeneous Biomedical Data
Authors: Mariappan Ragunathan , Jayagopal Aishwarya , Sien Ho Zong , Rajan Vaibhav
Published: January 2022

Motivation

In many biomedical studies, there arises the need to integrate data from multiple directly or indirectly related sources. Collective matrix factorization (CMF) and its variants are models designed to collectively learn from arbitrary collections of matrices. The latent factors learnt are rich integrative representations that can be used in downstream tasks such as clustering or relation prediction with standard machine learning models. Previous CMF-based methods have numerous modeling limitations. They do not adequately capture complex non-linear interactions and do not explicitly model varying sparsity and noise levels in the inputs, and some cannot model inputs with multiple datatypes. These inadequacies limit their use on many biomedical datasets.

Results

To address these limitations, we develop Neural Collective Matrix Factorization (NCMF), the first fully neural approach to CMF. We evaluate NCMF on two relation prediction tasks, gene-disease association prediction and adverse drug event prediction, using multiple datasets. In each case, data is obtained from heterogeneous publicly available databases, and used to learn representations to build predictive models. NCMF is found to outperform previous CMF-based methods and state-of-the-art graph embedding methods for representation learning in our experiments. Our experiments illustrate the versatility and efficacy of NCMF for seamless integration of heterogeneous data.

Availability

https://github.com/ncmfsrc/ncmf

Contact

vaibhav.rajan@nus.edu.sg
mRNA COVID-19 vaccine booster fosters B and T cell responses in immunocompromised patients
Authors: Azzolini Elena , Pozzi Chiara , Germagnoli Luca , Oresta Bianca , Carriglio Nicola , Calleri Mariella , Selmi Carlo , De Santis Maria , Finazzi Silvia , Carlo-Stella Carmelo , Bertuzzi Alexia , Motta Francesca , Ceribelli Angela , Mantovani Alberto , Bonelli Fabrizio , Rescigno Maria
Published: January 2022

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination has proven effective in inducing an immune response in healthy individuals and is progressively allowing to overcome the pandemic. Recent evidence has shown that response to vaccination in some vulnerable patients may be diminished, and it has been proposed a booster dose. We tested the kinetic of development of serum antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein, their neutralizing capacity, the CD4 and CD8 IFN-γ T cell response in 328 subjects, including 131 immunocompromised individuals (cancer, rheumatologic, and hemodialysis patients), 160 healthcare workers (HCW) and 37 subjects older than 75 yo, after vaccination with two or three doses of mRNA vaccines. We stratified the patients according to the type of treatment. We found that immunocompromised patients, depending on the type of treatment, poorly respond to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines. However, an additional booster dose of vaccine induced a good immune response in almost all of the patients except those receiving anti-CD20 antibody. Similarly to HCW, previously infected and vaccinated immunocompromised individuals demonstrate a stronger SARS-CoV-2 specific immune response than those who are vaccinated without prior infection.

Summary blurb

Immunocompromised patients poorly respond to two doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines. However, an additional booster dose elicits a strong humoral and cellular immune response in these subjects.
Autonomy and new modes of control in digital work contexts – a mixed-methods study of driving professions in food logistics
Authors: Ruiner Caroline , Klumpp Matthias
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Digitalization is changing organizations with positive and negative impacts such as increased autonomy on the one hand and increased surveillance and control on the other hand. In this context, new modes of control occur: in addition to managerial control, new modes of control are multi-directed, stemming from colleagues, customers and underlying algorithms. This paper investigates the interrelation of autonomy and new modes of control in digital work contexts from the workers’ perspectives.

Design/methodology/approach

Empirical data are based on a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with 25 and a quantitative questionnaire with 127 workers from urban food logistics organizations in Germany.

Findings

The results show that new modes of control are relevant for work engagement in digital work contexts: managerial and algorithm control are perceived as support. Peer and customer control are perceived as coercion.

Originality/value

Besides investigating the interrelation of autonomy and control and differentiating new modes of control, our study also makes important contributions to the perception of control as support and coercion.
Managerial coaching: a paradox-based view
Authors: Dhar Udayan
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Studies on managerial coaching have documented the challenges and complexities involved. Therefore, this study aims to develop a conceptual framework to understand these challenges.

Design/methodology/approach

This article uses the lens of paradox theory and intentional change theory to develop a conceptual framework to explain that managerial coaching is the source of emergent tensions.

Findings

In this study, four tensions that emerge in the socio-psychological response of the team member and their bi-directional impacts are described, namely, the tensions between change and continuity; autonomy and structure; short and long-term orientations; and authenticity and social influence.

Originality/value

The theory developed in this paper could help researchers design methodologically rigorous studies on managerial coaching effectiveness.
A theoretical exploration of out-group versus in-group perspectives on the dynamics of team effectiveness
Authors: Vlas Radu , Nguyen Huy Will , Vlas Cristina O.
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Past research on transactive memory systems (TMS) often treated the focal team as an isolated entity. Previous literature overlooked two aspects of TMS: its existence beyond the boundaries of the focal team (further referred to as out-group TMS) and the way the out-group TMS helps teams adapt and remain effective when the circumstances change. This study aims to fill this gap by exploring the overlooked aspects of TMS on the dynamics of team effectiveness.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopts a theoretical perspective and proposes two sets of propositions. First set explores the overlooked construct of out-group TMS and defines the boundaries of its applicability by building on Lewis’ (2003) dimensions of TMS. Second set explores ways in which out-group TMS can combine with in-group TMS to enable higher team effectiveness in fast-paced settings facing uncertainty and change.

Findings

The study’s conceptual perspective builds the grounds for improving scholars’ understanding of the drivers of team effectiveness in relation to the locus of TMS. The study investigates ways to combine in-group and out-group TMS and conceptually discusses their effects on team effectiveness: a mediation, an interaction and an additive model. The investigation concludes that out-group TMS plays a critical role and that overlooking its impact can be devastating for organizations in fast-paced environments.

Originality/value

This study unveils the unique and previously underexplored dynamics of transactive memory in teams with looser boundaries. Further, it extends scholars’ understanding of team cognition in contemporary, fast-paced business environments.
Drought impacts on microbial trait distribution and feedback to soil carbon cycling
Authors: Malik Ashish A. , Bouskill Nicholas J.
Published: January 2022

Quantifying the impact of drought on microbial processes and its consequences for soil carbon cycling is hindered by the lack of underlying mechanistic understanding. Therefore, there is a need to scale up the physiological response to changing water status from individual soil microbes to collective communities across different ecosystems.

Here we propose the use of a framework that incorporates trait‐based ecology to link drought‐impacted microbial processes to rates of soil carbon decomposition and stabilisation. We briefly synthesise existing knowledge on the effects of drought on microbial physiology at the individual to community scale, before integrating this understanding within a framework incorporating life‐history strategy, ecological strategy and biochemistry.

This framework highlights a dynamic allocation to high yield (Y), resource acquisition (A) and stress tolerance (S) pathways as environmental conditions change. Y‐A‐S strategies represent sets of traits that tend to correlate due to physiological or evolutionary trade‐offs. This framework enables assessment of microbial processes along two key environmental gradients of water and resource availability, both of which are constrained by drought.

The variable chemistry of biomass and necromass produced under different physiological strategies in response to drying–rewetting impacts organic matter decomposition and stabilisation in soils, and should also be considered when quantifying soil carbon balance. We highlight that diversion of resources away from microbial growth can alter soil organic matter chemistry and its persistence depending on the kind of microbial compounds produced.

To advance such a framework, we highlight avenues of research that would enable the further identification and quantification of traits linked to Y‐A‐S strategies and the physiological outcomes at the community level under drought and rewetting, and conclude by hypothesising how ecosystem‐level changes might feedback on to the soil carbon cycle. A scalable understanding of microbial drought‐response mechanisms affecting soil carbon cycling will transform the way microbial physiology is represented in ecosystem studies.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Executive summary of the 2021 SAEM consensus conference: From bedside to policy: Advancing social emergency medicine and population health through research, collaboration, and education
Authors: Schoenfeld Elizabeth M. , Lin Michelle P. , Samuels‐Kalow Margaret E.
Published: January 2022

Background

Social emergency medicine (social EM) examines the intersection of emergency care and the social factors that influence health outcomes. In 2021, the SAEM consensus conference focused on social EM and population health, with the goal of prioritizing research topics, creating collaborations, and advancing the field of social EM.

Methods

Organization of the conference began in 2019 within SAEM. Cochairs were identified and a planning committee created the framework for the conference. Leaders for subgroups were identified, and subgroups performed literature reviews and identified additional stakeholders within EM and community organizations. As a result of the COVID‐19 pandemic, the conference format was modified.

Results

A total of 246 participants registered for the conference and participated in some capacity at three distinct online sessions. Research prioritization subgroups were as follows—group 1: ED screening and referral for social and access needs; group 2: structural competency; and group 3: race, racism, and antiracism. Thirty‐two “projects in progress” were presented within five domains—identity and health: people and places; health care systems; training and education; material needs; and individual and structural violence.

Conclusions

Despite ongoing challenges posed by the COVID‐19 pandemic, the 2021 SAEM consensus conference brought together hundreds of stakeholders to define research priorities and create collaborations to push the field forward.
Low versus high level of response to alcohol affects amygdala functional connectivity during processing of emotional stimuli
Authors: McKenna Benjamin S. , Anthenelli Robert M. , Smith Tom L. , Schuckit Marc A.
Published: January 2022

Background

Low levels of response (low LR) to alcohol predict heavy drinking and alcohol problems. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of emotion processing have shown that low LR individuals exhibit lower activation in task‐related brain regions following both placebo and alcohol administration, but these studies did not examine functional brain networks that might contribute to the phenomena. The current study expands upon the earlier results by evaluating whether functional connectivity differences between the amygdala and other brain regions modulated by emotional face processing are associated with LR. Based on prior findings, we hypothesized that low LR is related to lower functional connectivity in fronto‐amygdalar functional circuits, which underlie the processing of emotional stimuli.

Methods

Secondary analyses were conducted on data from a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, within‐subjects, cross‐over study in 108 18‐to‐25‐year‐old low and high LR sex‐matched pairs without alcohol use disorder at baseline. Participants performed modified emotional faces processing tasks after receiving placebo or approximately 0.7 ml/kg of ethanol. Psychophysiological interaction analyses examined functional connectivity between left and right amygdalae and related brain circuits using LR‐by‐alcohol general linear models. The data included 54 sex‐matched pairs with 216 fMRI scans comprising alcohol and placebo conditions.

Results

Compared with individuals with high LR, low LR subjects demonstrated lower functional connectivity between the amygdala and the frontal lobes, insula, and parietal regions, while processing angry and happy faces. Interactions showed lower connectivity following alcohol in low LR and higher connectivity in high LR groups.

Conclusions

Low LR individuals demonstrated lower functional connectivity in response both to placebo and a modest dose of ethanol. Attenuated connectivity among low LR individuals when processing emotional faces may contribute to an impaired ability to recognize alcohol intoxication in social situations and to appraise angry and happy emotions irrespective of whether alcohol is consumed.
Inadequate neuraxial anaesthesia in patients undergoing elective caesarean section: a systematic review
Authors: Patel R. , Kua J. , Sharawi N. , Bauer M.E. , Blake L. , Moonesinghe S. R. , Sultan P.
Published: January 2022

Neuraxial anaesthesia is widely utilised for elective caesarean section, but the prevalence of inadequate intra‐operative anaesthesia is unclear. We aimed to determine the prevalence of inadequate neuraxial anaesthesia for elective caesarean section; prevalence of conversion from neuraxial anaesthesia to general anaesthesia following inadequate neuraxial anaesthesia; and the effect of mode of anaesthesia. We searched studies reporting inadequate neuraxial anaesthesia that used ≥ ED95 doses (effective dose in 95% of the population) of neuraxial local anaesthetic agents. Our primary outcome was the prevalence of inadequate neuraxial anaesthesia, defined as the need to convert to general anaesthesia; the need to repeat or abandon a planned primary neuraxial technique following incision; unplanned administration of intra‐operative analgesia (excluding sedatives); or unplanned epidural drug supplementation. Fifty‐four randomised controlled trials were included (3497 patients). The overall prevalence of requirement for supplemental analgesia or anaesthesia was 14.6% (95%CI 13.3–15.9%); 510 out of 3497 patients. The prevalence of general anaesthesia conversion was 2 out of 3497 patients (0.06% (95%CI 0.0–0.2%)). Spinal/combined spinal–epidural anaesthesia was associated with a lower overall prevalence of inadequate neuraxial anaesthesia than epidural anaesthesia (10.2% (95%CI 9.0–11.4%), 278 out of 2732 patients vs. 30.3% (95%CI 26.5–34.5%), 232 out of 765 patients). Further studies are needed to identify risk factors, optimise detection and management strategies and to determine long‐term effects of inadequate neuraxial anaesthesia.
What about the fellow eye in treatment of neovascular age‐related macular degeneration? Analysis of data from the Swedish macula register
Authors: Lövestam Adrian Monica , Schroeder Marion , Westborg Inger
Published: January 2022

Purpose

To analyse the development of neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (nAMD) in the fellow eye in patients initially presenting with unilateral nAMD, using data from the Swedish Macula Register.

Methods

This observational study included data on treatment‐naïve patients who initially underwent unilateral treatment for nAMD, and then required bilateral treatment, between 2010 and 2018, according to the Swedish Macula Register (SMR). The data were also stratified according into three time periods (2010–2013; 2014–2016; 2017–2018). Treatment duration, best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the first and second eye, number of injections in the first eye before falling ill in the second, and the time between the last injection in the first eye and the start of treatment of the fellow eye were analysed.

Results

5216 out of 28 670 (18%) patients treated for nAMD subsequently required bilateral treatment. The mean age was 77.7 ± 7.3 years, and 69% were female. The mean duration of treatment of the first eye before nAMD was diagnosed in the fellow eye was 1.58 years, and the mean number of injections in the first eye was 8.9 ± 8.6. Best‐corrected visual acuity, according to the ETDRS chart, was higher in the second eye at the time when treatment started in that eye compared to treatment start in the first eye: 62.8 (14.7) versus 57.6 (15.5); p < 0.001, and was higher in the 66% whose first eye was still undergoing treatment: 63.6 ± 14.5 versus 61.0 ± 14.8; p = 0.001.

Conclusions

The mean duration of treatment of the first eye before treatment started in the fellow eye was 19 months, and treatment of the second eye had started within 2 years in 61% of the patients. Best‐corrected visual acuity was higher in the second eye than in the first eye at the start of treatment of that eye and was higher in the second eye at the start of treatment of that eye when the first eye was still being treated.
Annular atrophic lichen planus: a review of the literature
Authors: Santhosh Parvathy , George Mamatha
Published: January 2022

Annular atrophic lichen planus (AALP) is a rare variant of lichen planus. It is differentiated from other variants of lichen planus by a reduction of elastin fibers in the superficial dermis, which is a feature specific to this subtype. It has clinical features of both annular and atrophic lichen planus and has a chronic course. AALP does not usually respond to topical or systemic steroids, and a consensus regarding a treatment ladder is yet to be reached. Topical tacrolimus may be considered as a treatment option. Annular atrophic lichen planus is a relatively unknown condition, which may remain undiagnosed and difficult to manage, owing to a paucity of literature and lack of consensus on management.
Strong Allee effect and basins of attraction in a discrete‐time zoonotic infectious disease model
Authors: Yakubu Abdul‐Aziz , Ziyadi Najat
Published: January 2022

Motivated by the Feline immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS in cat populations, we use discrete‐time infectious disease models with demographic strong Allee effect to examine the impact of the fatal susceptible‐infected (SI) infections on two different types of growth functions: Holling type III or modified Beverton–Holt per‐capita growth function (compensatory density dependence), and Ricker per‐capita growth function with mating (overcompensatory density dependence). The occurrence of the strong Allee effect in the disease‐free equation renders the SI population model bistable, where the two coexisting locally asymptotically stable equilibrium points are either the origin (catastrophic extinction state) and the second fixed point (compensatory dynamics) or the origin and an intrinsically generated demographic period population cycle (overcompensatory dynamics). We use the basic reproduction number, , and the spectral radius, , to examine the structures of the coexisting attractors. In particular, we use MATLAB simulations to show that the fatal disease is not only capable of enlarging or shrinking the basin of attraction of the catastrophic extinction state, but it is also capable of fracturing the basins of attraction into several disjoint sets. Thus, making it difficult to specify the asymptotic zoonotic SI disease outcome in terms of all initial infections. The complexity of the basins of attractions appears to increase with an increase in the period of the intrinsically generated demographic population cycles.

Recommendations for Resource Managers:

Worldwide, disease agents which originate from animals or products of animal origin, such as Ebola virus, COVID‐19, West Nile virus, or malaria are responsible for millions of deaths each year.

To help improve control and ultimately eradicate future pandemics in human populations, we use a Feline immunodeficiency virus disease model with the strong Allee effect to understand outbreaks of zoonotic diseases. In general, the strong Allee effect renders a population bistable with a catastrophic extinction state coexisting with a persistence state.

We use the basic reproduction number and the spectral radius to obtain conditions for outbreaks of zoonotic diseases and conditions for zoonotic disease extinction.

We show that a fatal zoonotic disease is not only capable of enlarging or shrinking the basin of attraction of the catastrophic extinction state, but it is also capable of fracturing the basins of attraction into several disjoint sets. Thus, making it difficult to specify the asymptotic zoonotic disease outcome in terms of all initial infections.

The complexity of the basins of attractions appears to increase with an increase in the period of the demographic population cycles.
Exploring Camelina sativa lipid metabolism regulation by combining gene co‐expression and DNA affinity purification analyses
Authors: Gomez‐Cano Fabio , Chu Yi‐Hsuan , Cruz‐Gomez Mariel , Abdullah Hesham M. , Lee Yun Sun , Schnell Danny J. , Grotewold Erich
Published: January 2022

Camelina (Camelina sativa) is an annual oilseed plant that is gaining momentum as a biofuel cover crop. Understanding gene regulatory networks is essential to deciphering plant metabolic pathways, including lipid metabolism. Here, we take advantage of a growing collection of gene expression datasets to predict transcription factors (TFs) associated with the control of Camelina lipid metabolism. We identified approximately 350 TFs highly co‐expressed with lipid‐related genes (LRGs). These TFs are highly represented in the MYB, AP2/ERF, bZIP, and bHLH families, including a significant number of homologs of well‐known Arabidopsis lipid and seed developmental regulators. After prioritizing the top 22 TFs for further validation, we identified DNA‐binding sites and predicted target genes for 16 out of the 22 TFs tested using DNA affinity purification followed by sequencing (DAP‐seq). Enrichment analyses of targets supported the co‐expression prediction for most TF candidates, and the comparison to Arabidopsis revealed some common themes, but also aspects unique to Camelina. Within the top potential lipid regulators, we identified CsaMYB1, CsaABI3AVP1‐2, CsaHB1, CsaNAC2, CsaMYB3, and CsaNAC1 as likely involved in the control of seed fatty acid elongation and CsaABI3AVP1‐2 and CsabZIP1 as potential regulators of the synthesis and degradation of triacylglycerols (TAGs), respectively. Altogether, the integration of co‐expression data and DNA‐binding assays permitted us to generate a high‐confidence and short list of Camelina TFs involved in the control of lipid metabolism during seed development.
Potential distribution of polar optical phonons and their electron–phonon coupling properties of a wurtizite GaN-based trianglar quantum dot
Authors: Zhang Li
Published: January 2022

Polar optical phonon modes of a wurtzite nitride trianglar quantum dot (QD) are deduced and analyzed by using the dielectric continuum model. Based on a method of nonseparable variables, the Laplace equation of electristatic potential of the structure is solved, and the exact and analytical phonon states of exact confined (EC) modes are derived. It is found that the frequency of EC modes in the nitride trianglar QD systems can take both the longitudinal optical phonons in [Formula: see text]-direction [Formula: see text] and the longitudinal optical phonons in [Formula: see text]-plane [Formula: see text], which is obviously different from the cases of EC modes in wurtzite GaN quantum wells and quantum wires due to their different confined dimensions. The polarization eigenvectors and their orthogonality relations for the EC phonon modes are derived, which could form a set of orthogonal and completed basis vectors. By using the orthogonality relations of polarization eigenvector and field quantization method, the free phonon field of EC modes and the corresponding Fröhlich electron–phonon interaction Hamiltonian are obtained. Numerical calculations on a wurtztie GaN trianglar QD are performed. The spatial distributions of phonon potentials of EC phonons both in [Formula: see text]-plane and in [Formula: see text]-direction as well as the electron–phonon coupling strength are plotted and discussed. It is observed that the potential of these EC phonon modes is strictly confined within the trianglar QD ranges. The dependence of symmetries and electron–phonon coupling strength on the quantum numbers [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text]-plane, and the quantum number [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text]-direction are analyzed in detail. The relationship of the total number of peaks and troughs with these quantum numbers are also discussed and induced.
Numerical investigations into supercavitating flows and hydrodynamic characteristics of a heaving hydrofoil
Authors: Zhi Yuchang , Zhang Zhen , Huang Renfang , Qiu Rundi , Wang Yiwei
Published: January 2022

This paper presents the effects of heaving motions on the hydrodynamic characteristics, supercavitating flow regimes and vortex structures for a two-dimensional (2D) supercavitating hydrofoil. The sinusoidal heaving motion of the supercavitating hydrofoil is realized by overset grid technology. The lift coefficient, drag coefficient, supercavitating flow regime and vortex structures around the supercavitating hydrofoil are analyzed and compared among different amplitudes of the heaving motion. The predicted cavities and the hydrodynamic characteristics are in good accordance with the experiments at a stationary state. The lift coefficient and drag coefficient of the heaving hydrofoil present a sinusoidal law, which is related to the effective angle of attack. The heaving motion would affect the cavity length and its thickness. The greater the heaving amplitude, the greater the difference in cavity pattern at different heaving positions. The cavity variation would affect the shear layer and thus change the vortex shedding characteristics, which are different from those at a stationary state.
An Evaluation of the Usefulness of YouTube® Videos on Crown Preparation
Authors: Habib Syed Rashid , Khan Aleshba Saba , Ali Mohsin , Abutheraa Essam Abdulla , alkhrayef Ahmad khaled , Aljibrin Faisal Jibrin , Almutairi Nawaf Saad
Published: January 2022

Background. You Tube is one of the most commonly used online sources for sharing information and knowledge. Academic topics or clinical data shared on this platform is not peer reviewed or evaluated by subject specialists for accuracy. No study was found in the literature examining the validity of crown preparation videos available at this platform. Objective. To evaluate the authenticity of the content and quality of the crown preparation videos uploaded on the YouTube. Methods. The systematic search for YouTube videos was carried out over a period of one year from January 2020 until February 2021. The keywords or phrases and tags used were crown preparation, PFM crown preparation, all ceramic crown preparation, and dental crown preparation. The videos were shortlisted on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria to select educationally useful videos in terms of content and quality. Results. Three subject specialists evaluated the videos on crown preparation three times to shortlist only 12 (11%) educationally useful videos out of 109 relevant videos. These 12 videos met the preset inclusion criteria. Conclusion. Although YouTube is the most popular social media platform used as the source of information by the students, the majority of uploaded content lacks authenticity. This study found that crown preparation videos uploaded by the faculty members or subject specialists can be considered as the reliable source.
Ectopic Tooth in Mandibular Canal, Maxillary Sinus, and Mandibular Condyle
Authors: Akbas Mert , Karabıyık Zülfikar , Varol Altan
Published: January 2022

Eruption of tooth into place other than tooth-bearing region is defined as ectopic eruption. Although ectopic eruption of tooth is rare, there have been cases in the maxillary sinus, mandibular condyle, nasal cavity, chin, palate, and orbital floor. Due to ectopic teeth’s rarity and lack of consensus for ıts treatment, incidence was entitled to be added to literature and discussed. It was reported that odontogenic tumors and cysts can develop around the ectopic tooth. Thus, ectopic teeth can be followed up regularly in case of no signs and symptoms. If the patient has unusual orofacial pain, undiagnosed nasal discharge, maxillary sinusitis, preauricular pain, preauricular fistula, trismus, and lip paresthesia, the patient should be evaluated in terms of ectopic tooth. Whether the patient has signs and symptoms related to ectopic tooth, early intervention for the removal of ectopic tooth along with accompanying lesion is the treatment of choice. Specialists choose intervention way based on their experience. When selecting the intervention, minimally invasive and less morbid way should be preferred. Intraoral approach rather than extraorally should be the first choice to prevent unesthetic scar and damage to facial nerve.
Clinical Application Study of Minimally Invasive Double‐Reverse Traction in Complex Tibial Plateau Fractures
Authors: Cao Faqi , Xue Hang , Yan Chenchen , Lin Ze , Mi Bobin , Panayi Adriana C. , Xia Tian , Zhou Wu , Li Hui , Liu Guohui
Published: January 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical application of double‐reverse traction for minimally invasive reduction of complex tibial plateau fractures. A retrospective analysis was performed to identify all patients admitted to the Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, from March 2017 to December 2019 with Schatzker type VI tibial plateau fractures. 12 patients were identified (7 men and 5 women) with an average age of 46.15 ± 13 (39‐58) years old. All patients were treated with double‐reverse traction and closed reduction. After the fracture was reduced, the bone plate was fixed by percutaneous minimally invasive implantation. Outcomes assessed in this study include operation time and intraoperative blood loss. Imaging was performed during the postoperative follow‐up, and functional recovery was evaluated at the final follow‐up according to the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score and the International Knee Joint Literature Committee (IKDC) functional score. Patients were followed up for 12.54 ± 1.5 (8‐15) months. The average operation time was 63.63 ± 21 (35‐120) minutes, and the average intraoperative blood loss was 105.45 ± 21 (60‐200) mL. The Rasmussen imaging score was either excellent or good in all cases. The knee joint HSS score was 86.15 ± 6 (79‐90) points, and the IKDC score was 80.01 ± 11 (75‐90) points. No complications, such as wound infection, incision disunion, loosening of internal fixation, and internal fixation failure, occurred. In the treatment of Schatzker VI type complex tibial plateau fracture, the dual‐reverse traction minimally invasive technique has the advantages of safety and effectiveness, less soft tissue injury, and allowing early joint movement, which is worthy of clinical promotion.
HA-CCP: A Hybrid Algorithm for Solving Capacitated Clustering Problem
Authors: Liu Yaoyao , Guo Ping , Zeng Yi
Published: January 2022

The capacitated clustering problem (CCP) divides the vertices of the undirected graph into several disjoint clusters so that the sum of the node weights in each cluster meets the capacity limit while maximizing the sum of the weight of the edges between nodes in the same cluster. CCP is a typical NP-hard problem with a wide range of engineering applications. In recent years, heuristic algorithms represented by greedy random adaptive search program (GRASP) and variable neighborhood search (VNS) have achieved excellent results in solving CCP. To improve the efficiency and quality of the CCP solution, this study proposes a new hybrid algorithm HA-CCP. In HA-CCP, a feasible solution construction method is designed to adapt to the CCP with stricter upper and lower bound constraints and an adaptive local solution destruction and reconstruction method is designed to increase population diversity and improve convergence speed. Experiments on 90 instances of 4 types show that the best average solution obtained by HA-CCP on 58 instances is better than all comparison algorithms, indicating that HA-CCP has better solution stability. HA-CCP is also superior to all comparison algorithms in average solving efficiency.
Research on Effectiveness and Application of Fixed-Plane Perforation Fracturing Technology in Ultra-Low-Permeability Reservoir
Authors: Duan Penghui , Wang Xiaofei , Xue Xiaojia , Li Xiangping , Lv Baoqiang , Lei Xiujie , Bu Jun , Wang Haigang
Published: January 2022

Water flooding development of Chang 6 ultra-low-permeability reservoirs in Ansai lasted for more than 30 years; the front of the water drive has swept the reservoir high permeability zone. As a result, a large amount of residual oil stayed in the reservoir longitudinal low-permeability area. To recover the remaining oil in the low-permeability layers, the fixed-plane perforation fracturing technology is proposed, i.e., using fixed-plane perforation to form a sector stress concentration surface perpendicular to the axis of the wellbore, which makes hydraulic fracture expand radially along the wellbore and control the longitudinal direction of the fracture. Based on the study of residual oil distribution and variation of rock mechanics parameters under long-term injection and production conditions, we simulated and analyzed the effect of fracture initiation under different perforation phases. The optimum perforation phase angle was selected according to the size of the fracture fusion area. According to the fracture simulation under the condition of weak stress difference, the parameters of fracturing operation were optimized with controlling fracture height. A 2-fold increase in ultra-low-permeability reservoir production was achieved by fixed-plane perforation fracturing compared with traditional fracturing technology according to the production data of 78 wells. In this paper, we propose a fixed-plane injection fracturing technique to address the problem of tapping the remaining oil in the longitudinal low-permeability section of the reservoir, which can provide support for tapping the remaining oil in the low-permeability section of the extra-low-permeability reservoir.
Automatic wireless health instructor for schools and colleges
Authors: Chelliah Jeyalakshmi , Alagarsamy Manjunathan , Anbalagan Karthikram , Thangaraju Dineshkumar , Wesley Edwin Santhkumar , Suriyan Kannadhasan
Published: January 2022

The suggested work demonstrates the preventive measures that can be used in schools and colleges during the present pandemic, which are the most important considerations once all of the institutions have reopened. Right now, sanitizers are the most important goods. According to WHO's new standards and regulations, a high level of sanitization is required to live. Despite the fact that all guidelines have been implemented, the majority of students are irresponsible, exacerbating the current scenario. To keep a student's hand sterilised, the proposed design incorporates an automatic hand sanitizer and a temperature detection system based on their ID card. The specific status of the student will be delivered to the class coordinator's mobile phone via genitourinary syndrome of menopause GSM whenever a person wishes to do it, even if there is no contact with the sanitising machine. Our method also uses a camera to snap a picture of the student, which can be viewed on a computer if any of the students do not answer. This also verifies the student's attendance, and the temperature of a specific student will be checked without the student's contact or touch in order to ensure safety and security. This allows everyone to keep an eye on the students while adhering to regulatory regulations.
Toward an optimum design of fractal sausage Minkowski antenna for GPS applications
Authors: Ahmed Riyadh Khlf , Ali Israa Hazem
Published: January 2022

Fractal is one of the important tools to produce efficient and well-suited antennas for navigation systems. A novel design of broadband fractal sausage Minkowski antenna is described in this research article. Sausage Minkowski is designed and simulated for global positioning system (GPS) application that relies on fractal geometry using computer simulation studio microwave (CST MW) software. The substrate sheet is Roger TMM4 has of 4.5 dielectric constant and 1.6 mm altitude. A small metallic patch over a large metallic ground layer is made of perfect electric conductor (PEC) material. The suggested fractal antenna can be used efficiently in the military applications which demand a narrow spectrum and a tiny antenna profile. By introducing four various levels of fractal iteration models and compared each one to the other. The main aim of this work is to increase antenna gain and reduce the antenna size, in addition to improving the semi-flat voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) with respect to decreasing the resonance frequency is. For 10% decrease in the frequency for the 3rd iteration value led to a clear improvement in the antenna characteristics such as directivity, gain, and VSWR. The reflection coefficient and bandwidth remain in range.
Performance of K-means algorithm based an ensemble learning
Authors: Hashim Dhurgham Kadhim , Muhammed Lamia Abed Noor
Published: January 2022

K-means is an iterative algorithm used with clustering task. It has more characteristics such as simplicity. In the same time, it suffers from some of drawbacks, sensitivity to initial centroid values that may produce bad results, they are based on the initial centroids of clusters that would be selected randomly. More suggestions have been given in order to overcome this problem. Ensemble learning is a method used in clustering; multiple runs are executed that produce different results for the same data set. Then the final results are driven. According to this hypothesis, more ensemble learning techniques have been suggested to deal with the clustering problem. One of these techniques is "Three ways method". However, in this paper, three ways method as an ensemble technique would be suggested to be merged with k-mean algorithm in order to improve its performance and reduce the impact of initial centroids on results. Then it was compared with traditional k-means results through practical work that was executed using popular data set. The evaluation of the hypothesis was done through computing related metrics.
A sound event detection based on hybrid convolution neural network and random forest
Authors: Md Afendi Muhamad Amirul Sadikin , Yusoff Marina
Published: January 2022

Sound event detection (SED) assists in the detainment of intruders. In recent decades, several SED methods such as support vector machine (SVM), K-Means clustering, principal component analysis, and convolution neural network (CNN) on urban sound have been developed. Advanced work on SED in a rare sound event is challenging because it has limited exploration, especially for surveillance in a forest environment. This research provides an alternative method that uses informative features of sound event data from a natural forest environment and evaluates the CNN capabilities of the detection performances. A hybrid CNN and random forest (RF) are proposed to utilize a distinctive sound pattern. The feature extraction involves mel log energies. The detection processes include refinement parameters and post-processing threshold determination to reduce false alarms rate. The proposed CNN-RF and custom CNN-RF models have been validated with three types of sound events. The results of the suggested approach have been compared with wellregarded sound event algorithms. The experiment results demonstrate that the CNN-RF assesses the superiority with remarkable improvement in performance, up to a 0.82 F1 score with a minimum false alarms rate at 10%. The performance shows a functional advantage over previous methods.
An optimization clustering and classification based on artificial intelligence approach for internet of things in agriculture
Authors: Tangwannawit Sakchai , Tangwannawit Panana
Published: January 2022

This research focused on testing with maize, economical crop grown in Phetchabun province, Thailand, by installing a total of 20 sets of internet of things (IoT) devices which consist of soil moisture sensors and temperature and humidity sensors (DHT11). Data science tools such as rapidminer studio was used for data cleansing, data imputation, clustering, and prediction. Next, these data would undergo data cleansing in order to group them to obtain optimization clustering to identify the optimum condition and amount of water required to grow the maize through k-mean technique. From the analysis, the optimization result showed 3 classes and these data were further analyzed through prediction to identify precision. By comparing several algorithms including artificial neural network (ANN), decision tree, naïve bayes, and deep learning, it was found that deep learning algorithm can provide the most accurate result at 99.6% with root mean square error (RMSE)=0.0039. The algorithm obtained was used to write function to control the automated watering system to make sure that the temperature and humidity for growing maize is at appropriate condition. By using the improved watering system, it improved the efficacy of watering system which saves more water by 13.89%
Estimation of standard penetration test value on cohesive soil using artificial neural network without data normalization
Authors: Nugroho Soewignjo Agus , Fernando Hendra , Suryanita Reni
Published: January 2022

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are often used recently by researchers to solve complex and nonlinear problems. Standard penetration test (SPT) and cone penetration test (CPT) are field tests that are often used to obtain soil parameters. There have been many previous studies that examined the value obtained through the SPT test with the CPT test, but the research carried out still uses equations that are linear. This research will conduct an estimated value of SPT on cohesive soil using CPT data in the form of end resistance and blanket resistance, and laboratory test data such as effective overburden pressure, liquid limit, plastic limit and percentage of sand, silt and clay. This study used 242 data with testing areas in several cities on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia. The developed artificial neural network will be created without data normalization. The final results of this study are in the form of root mean square error (RMSE) values 3.441, mean absolute error (MAE) 2.318 and R2 0.9451 for training data and RMSE 2.785, MAE 2.085, R2 0.9792 for test data. The RMSE, MAE and R2 values in this study indicate that the ANN that has been developed is considered quite good and efficient in estimating the SPT value.