bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of toxic trace element detoxification, body fat reduction following four-week intake of the Wellnessup diet: a three-arm, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Jung Su-Jin , Kim Woo-Lim , Park Byung-Hyun , Lee Seung-Ok , Chae Soo-Wan
Published: June 2020

Background

Detox diet are known as a popular dieting strategies that helps toxins elimination and weight manage but there is very little clinical evidence. The Wellnessup diet (WD) used in the present study designed as a healthy meals based on organic plant based diets including various vegetables, fruits, whole grains, nuts and phytonutrients.

Methods

To evaluate the effects of 4 week intake of the WD on toxic trace element detoxification, body fat reduction, and safety parameters. Forty-five women with body mass index (BMI) of 23.5–30 kg/m2 were recruited. Thirty of them were assigned 1:1 to the test group (WD, 15 subjects) and control group 1 (calorie-restricted diet, CRD, 15 subjects) in a single blind and randomized, and the remaining 15 subjects were assigned to control group 2 (maintaining regular diet, MRD). The primary outcome were toxic trace element levels in hair (29 types of heavy metals), and the secondary outcomes were changes in anthropometric and urinary organic acids.

Results

The levels of four toxic trace elements in hair decreased in the WD group after the diet compared to before the diet. Ni, Rh, Sn, and Ga were significantly lower in the WD group than in the CRD or MRD group (p < 0.05). At the end of the trial, both WD and CRD groups had lower BMI, Waist Circumference(WC), Hip Circumference(HC) and WHR compared to the baseline values (p < 0.05). Compared to the WD group, the CRD group had a greater mean change (p < 0.05) from the baseline for weight loss (− 3.22 ± 0.48 kg vs − 1.88 ± 0.95 kg vs) and fat free mass (− 2.08 kg vs − 1.09 kg). The weight, BMI, body fat mass, fat free mass, WC, and HC of the CRD group were significantly decreased compared to the MRD (p < 0.05). No significant changes in any safety parameter were observed.

Conclusions

Use of WD might have several beneficial effects and safety such as body fat reduction and improving some the element detoxification through caloric restriction but did not reducing body fat mass more than calorie-restricted diet.

Trial registration

This study was registered at Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS) of Republic of Korea (KCT0003002).
Identification of a novel deletion mutation in DPY19L2 from an infertile patient with globozoospermia: a case report
Authors: Li You-zhu , Wu Rong-feng , Zhu Xing-shen , Liu Wen-sheng , Ye Yuan-yuan , Lu Zhong-xian , Li Na
Published: June 2020

Background

Male infertility is an increasing medical concern worldwide. In most cases, genetic factors are considered as the main cause of the disease. Globozoospermia (MIM102530) (also known as round-headed sperm) is a rare and severe malformed spermatospermia caused by acrosome deficiency or severe malformation. A subset of genetic mutations, such as DNAH6, SPATA16, DPY19L2, PICK1, and CCIN related to globozoospermia, have been reported in the past few years. The DPY19L2 mutation is commonly found in patients with globozoospermia. Herein, a 180-kbp homozygote deletion at 12q14.2 (g.63950001–64130000) was identified by copy number variation sequencing (CNVseq) in a patient with a globozoospermia, including the complete deletion of DPY19L2.

Case presentation

A 27-year-old patient at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University was diagnosed with infertility because, despite normal sexual activity for 4 years, his wife did not conceive. The patient was in good health with no obvious discomfort, no history of adverse chemical exposure, and no vices, such as smoking and drinking. The physical examination revealed normal genital development. However, semen tests showed a normal sperm count of 0% and the morphology was the round head. Sperm cytology showed that acrosomal enzyme was lower than normal. Reproductive hormones were in the normal range. B ultrasound did not show any abnormal seminal vesicle, prostate, bilateral testis, epididymis, and spermatic veins. The karyotype was normal, 46, XY, and no microdeletion of Y chromosome was detected. However, a homozygous deletion mutation was found in DPY19L2, which was further diagnosed as globozoospermia.

Conclusions

The present study reported a male infertility patient who was diagnosed with globozoospermia. The analysis of gene mutations revealed that DPY19L2 had a homozygous mutation, which was the primary cause of globozoospermia.
IL-33/ST2 axis is involved in disease progression in the spleen during Leishmania donovani infection
Authors: Lamberet Aurore , Rostan Octavie , Dion Sarah , Jan Aurélien , Guegan Hélène , Manuel Christelle , Samson Michel , Gangneux Jean-Pierre , Robert-Gangneux Florence
Published: June 2020

Background

During infection withLeishmania donovani, parasite control is linked to the systemic Th1 immune response, but in infected organs (liver, spleen and bone marrow), the response differs according to the micro-environment. The pleiomorphic cytokine interleukin-33 (IL-33) exerts various roles during infection, either protective or detrimental. In this study, we explored the role of IL-33 in the outcome ofLeishmaniainfection in the spleen.

Methods

We used several mouse models, on BALB/c and C57BL/6 (B6) backgrounds, infected withL. donovaniand sacrificed at 15, 30 or 60 days after infection and characterized mRNA expression of immune markers, immune cell populations, histological response, and parasite loads.

Results

During infection IL-33 and ST2 mRNA increased in parallel in the spleen of wild type (wt) animals and paralleled the immunodetection of ST2+ and IL-33+ cells; their expression was twice as high in BALB/c, compared to B6 mice. Mice treated with twice-weekly injections of rIL-33 had higher splenic parasite burdens on D15 (BALB/c) or on D60 (B6). In BALB/c, IL-33 treatment led to immune exhaustion with abolition of Th1 cytokine expression (IFN-γ and IL-12) in the spleen and higher serum levels of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13). In B6, IL-33 treatment induced the Treg cell pathway with a dramatic increase of FoxP3 mRNA induction and expression on tissue sections. IL-33-KO mice had lower parasite loads and a higher Th1 response than their wt counterparts.

Conclusions

IL-33 appears as a factor of aggravation of the disease in the spleen tissue of mice infected withL. donovani.
DNA vaccine encoding heat shock protein 90 protects from murine lupus
Authors: Liu Aijing , Shi Fu-Dong , Cohen Irun R. , Castaldo Giuseppe , Matarese Giuseppe , Quintana Francisco J. , La Cava Antonio
Published: June 2020

Background

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of autoantibodies to multiple self-antigens, including heat shock proteins (HSP). Because of the increased expression of HSP90 and abnormal immune responses to it in SLE, we investigated whether an HSP90 DNA vaccine could modulate the development and clinical manifestations of SLE in lupus-prone mice.

Methods

(NZB x NZW)F1 (NZB/W) mice were vaccinated with DNA constructs encoding HSP90 or control plasmids or vehicle. The mice were then monitored for survival, circulating anti-dsDNA autoantibodies, and immune phenotypes. Renal disease was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and by the measurement of proteinuria.

Results

Vaccination with HSP90 DNA reduced lupus disease manifestations and prolonged the survival of NZB/W mice. The protective effects of the HSP90 DNA vaccine associated with the induction of tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) and an expansion of T regulatory cells (Tregs).

Conclusions

The beneficial effects of DNA vaccination with HSP90 in murine SLE support the possibility of HSP90-based therapeutic modalities of intervention in SLE.
A novel Cas9-targeted long-read assay for simultaneous detection of IDH1/2 mutations and clinically relevant MGMT methylation in fresh biopsies of diffuse glioma
Authors: Wongsurawat Thidathip , Jenjaroenpun Piroon , De Loose Annick , Alkam Duah , Ussery David W. , Nookaew Intawat , Leung Yuet-Kin , Ho Shuk-Mei , Day John D. , Rodriguez Analiz
Published: June 2020

Molecular biomarkers provide both diagnostic and prognostic results for patients with diffuse glioma, the most common primary brain tumor in adults. Here, we used a long-read nanopore-based sequencing technique to simultaneously assessIDHmutation status andMGMTmethylation level in 4 human cell lines and 8 fresh human brain tumor biopsies. Currently, these biomarkers are assayed separately, and results can take days to weeks. We demonstrated the use of nanopore Cas9-targeted sequencing (nCATS) to identifyIDH1andIDH2mutations within 36 h and compared this approach against currently used clinical methods. nCATS was also able to simultaneously provide high-resolution evaluation ofMGMTmethylation levels not only at the promoter region, as with currently used methods, but also at CpGs across the proximal promoter region, the entirety of exon 1, and a portion of intron 1. We compared the methylation levels of all CpGs toMGMTexpression in all cell lines and tumors and observed a positive correlation between intron 1 methylation andMGMTexpression. Finally, we identified single nucleotide variants in 3 target loci. This pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of using nCATS as a clinical tool for cancer precision medicine.
Analysis of firefighting skill with a teleoperated robot
Authors: Tamura Yoshihiro , Amano Hisanori , Ota Jun
Published: June 2020

Teleoperated robots are expected to perform tasks in extreme environments such as disaster sites. However, only few teleoperated robots are used for this purpose because their usability is poor compared to human skill in such tasks. Further, the use of human–machine interfaces used by teleoperated robots is in itself a human skill. In this study, we compare the skills of firefighters (experts) when using teleoperated robots and that of firefighters (novice) and analyze the results. Firefighters gain technical skills required for fighting fires from practical experiences; in comparison, novice firefighters have trouble acquiring these skills. We conducted a comparative experiment of the reconnaissance skills of firefighters in which ten firefighters (five novices and five experts) reconnoiter two simulated fire sites (one in a residential area and the other in a commercial facility area) with a teleoperated robot. The experimental results indicated that experts were more multifaceted in their evaluation of reconnaissance areas as compared to novices.
Correction to: Comparison of three different methods of internal sinus lifting for elevation heights of 7 mm: an ex vivo study
Authors: Alsabbagh Aghiad Yassin , Alsabbagh Mohammed Monzer , Nahas Batol Darjazini , Rajih Salam
Published: June 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Role of beneficial fungi in managing diseases and insect pests of tea plantation
Authors: Kumhar Kishor Chand , Babu Azariah , Arulmarianathan John Peter , Deka Bhabesh , Bordoloi Mitali , Rajbongshi Hirakjyoti , Dey Pritam
Published: June 2020

The effectiveness of Trichoderma atroviride, T. asperellum, T. harzianum, against targeted tea disease causing pathogen, Fusarium solani (dieback), Beauveria bassiana against tea mosquito (Helopeltis theivora), and Metarhizium anisopliae against the red spider mite, Oligonychus coffeae Nietner, and the live wood eating termite (Microcerotermes beesoni Snyder), respectively were evaluated under laboratory and field conditions. The Trichoderma isolates showed effective control of F. solani (64.6 to 71.7%) under laboratory conditions, while the wettable powder (WP) formulation could reduce dieback disease incidence (57.1 to 77.7%) over control, under field conditions. The post prune application of Trichoderma asperellum on light pruned (LP) and application of T. asperellum as well as T. harzianum on deep skiffed (DS) tea fields showed a significant growth promotional response. The treated bushes could produce an average number of 421.2 and 398.4 shoots when it was applied 7.5 and 5.0% (w/v), respectively, which was higher than the number of shoots recorded in the control plots (259.4). The antagonist also induced comparatively higher shoot length (6.85–7.99 cm) than the untreated control plots (5.13–6.38 cm). The B. bassiana isolates (2 × 109 conidia/ml) exhibited 71.5 to 93.0% control of 2nd instar nymphs of H. theivora under in vitro conditions. However, addition of different adjuvants resulted in enhanced mortality. Under field conditions, the highest reduction of tea mosquito population of 52.3% was noted when B. bassiana (1 × 109cfu/ml) was sprayed along with Tween 20 plus and crude sugar. However, the wettable powder formulation of this EPF along with jaggery reduced the insect incidence. The M. anisopliae effectively controlled the red spider mite to the tune of 46.3 to 63.8% under laboratory conditions, while the wettable powder formulation of this isolate was more effective against the termite, resulting in the reduction of infestation to the tune of 84.2% under field conditions.
Pediatric Reference Ranges for Ultradistal Radius Bone Density: Results from the Bone Mineral Density in Childhood Study
Authors: Kindler Joseph M , Kalkwarf Heidi J , Lappe Joan M , Gilsanz Vicente , Oberfield Sharon , Shepherd John A , Kelly Andrea , Winer Karen K , Zemel Babette S
Published: June 2020

Context

The ultradistal (UD) radius is rich in trabecular bone and is easily measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). UD radius areal bone mineral density (aBMD) may help identify trabecular bone deficits, but reference data are needed for research and clinical interpretation of this measure.

Objective

We developed age-, sex-, and population ancestry-specific reference ranges for UD radius aBMD assessed by DXA and calculated Z-scores. We examined tracking of UD radius aBMD Z-scores over 6 years and determined associations between UD radius aBMD Z-scores and other bone measures by DXA and peripheral quantitative computed tomography.

Design

Multicenter longitudinal study.

Participants

A total of 2014 (922 males, 22% African American) children ages 5 to 19 years at enrollment who participated in the Bone Mineral Density in Childhood Study.

Main Outcome Measure

UD radius aBMD.

Results

UD radius aBMD increased nonlinearly with age (P < 0.001) and tended to be greater in males versus females (P = 0.054). Age-, sex-, and ancestry-specific UD radius aBMD reference curves were constructed. UD radius aBMD Z-scores positively associated with Z-scores at other skeletal sites (r = 0.54-0.64, all P < 0.001) and peripheral quantitative computed tomography measures of distal radius total volumetric BMD (r = 0.68, P < 0.001) and trabecular volumetric BMD (r = 0.70, P < 0.001), and was weakly associated with height Z-score (r = 0.09, P = 0.015). UD radius aBMD Z-scores tracked strongly over 6 years, regardless of pubertal stage (r = 0.66-0.69; all P < 0.05).

Conclusion

UD radius aBMD Z-scores strongly associated with distal radius trabecular bone density, with marginal confounding by stature. These reference data may provide a valuable resource for bone health assessment in children.
Development of the cochlea
Authors: Driver Elizabeth Carroll , Kelley Matthew W.
Published: June 2020

The cochlea, a coiled structure located in the ventral region of the inner ear, acts as the primary structure for the perception of sound. Along the length of the cochlear spiral is the organ of Corti, a highly derived and rigorously patterned sensory epithelium that acts to convert auditory stimuli into neural impulses. The development of the organ of Corti requires a series of inductive events that specify unique cellular characteristics and axial identities along its three major axes. Here, we review recent studies of the cellular and molecular processes regulating several aspects of cochlear development, such as axial patterning, cochlear outgrowth and cellular differentiation. We highlight how the precise coordination of multiple signaling pathways is required for the successful formation of a complete organ of Corti.
How Does One Understand the Stability of Political Regimes from a Theoretical Point of View?
Authors: Perlikowski Łukasz
Published: June 2020

The investigations of this paper revolve around the concept of stability. We would like to make several analytical distinctions which would allow us to differentiate between various concepts of stability. The background of our work is the theory of political change supported by examples of this kind presented by Plato, Polybius, James Harrington, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Aristotle.The paper includes some remarks on Hobbes’s and Hume’s theories of stability which, strictly speaking, can be smoothly subsumed under a modern political concept thereof. Also worthy of note is the specification of the main subject-matter of political theories in terms of the problem of stability. Finally, we propose a sketch of the map of the problem of stability
Good Public Governance in Islamic Perspective: An Analysis on the World Governance Indicator in OIC Member Countries
Authors: Wibowo Muhammad Ghafur
Published: June 2020

This study seeks to reveal the suitability of Islamic teachings with Good Public Governance (GPG), which in recent decades, has become a concern of various countries in the world. By exploring many reputable references, it is known that there is a match between the governance index published by the World Bank and the teachings of Islam. Practically even OIC has made the issue of good public governance represented by the governance index as a common goal of all its members. However, the facts show that the governance index in various OIC member countries is still relatively low compared to other countries. Therefore, all OIC member countries need to enhance further the implementation of Islamic teachings in the management of the country to produce better governance.
Macroeconomic Analysis and Financial Ratios on Sharia Commercial Bank Profitability: A Case Study of Indonesia
Authors: Nahar Faiza Husnayeni , Faza Calvin , Azizurrohman Muhammad
Published: June 2020

Having experienced significant growth, sharia commercial bank in Indonesia has become one of the drivers of economic growth in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the effect of macroeconomic and financial ratios on the profitability of Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia. This study used qualitative data using secondary data during the period 2011-2018. The methodology used is panel data which combines time series data and cross section data. Variables used include Non Performing Finance (NPF), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR), Operational Efficiency Ratio (OER), Inflation, Domestic Product Growth (GDP), and Exchange Rates. The results of this study indicate that Non-Performing Finance (NPF), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR), Operational Efficiency Ratio (OER) have a significant influence on Islamic Bank Return On Assets (ROA) in Indonesia. Meanwhile, Growth Domestic Product (GDP), and Exchange Rate appear with no significant effect on the Return on Assets (ROA) of Sharia Commercial Banks in Indonesia.
Beyond COVID19—can we heal the gaps in healthcare?
Authors: Baron Aidan
Published: June 2020

As cases of COVID-19 decline globally, Aidan Baron takes a closer look at the long-term gaps in healthcare systems exposed by the current pandemic which urgently need addressing
Tranexamic acid and international ambulance services
Authors: Spaans Adam , Martin Jake , Ebbs Phillip
Published: June 2020

Introduction:

Severe haemorrhage may lead to pathologic release of fibrinolytic enzymes, which break down blood clots. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is a drug that inhibits the fibrinolysis of blood clots.

Aim:

The purpose of this review is to explore current literature regarding prehospital TXA administration for patients suffering severe haemorrhage following trauma, and to discuss whether this drug should be more widely used across modern international ambulance services.

Methods:

Literature searches of EBSCO Host, ProQuest and PubMed databases were conducted in August, 2019.

Results:

TXA administration within 3 hours following injury is associated with improved outcomes for severe haemorrhage patients. However, there are reservations that the success of TXA in developing countries and military settings may not be directly transferrable to the modern civilian healthcare systems.

Discussion:

The benefits of prehospital TXA administration appear compelling. Further studies will help guide wider international implementation of this drug in paramedic practice.
Nursing implications of over-breeding brachycephalic canines, focusing on British and French Bulldogs
Authors: Campbell Hannah
Published: June 2020

Background:

Within the veterinary field there are currently limited data on the role of registered veterinary nurses (RVNs) in improving the health of brachycephalic canines. To tackle this the veterinary team must discourage further breeding of those with predisposed health conditions. This can be done through raising awareness.

Aims:

The purpose of this study was to determine the nursing implications of overbreeding French and British Bulldogs. RVNs completed an online questionnaire on brachycephalic canines and clinical occurrence in practice. Data collected were extracted from NoviSurvey and analysed using Excel and Minitab 15.

Results:

Out of 103 participants, 67 responses were valid. Results showed a high prevalence of brachycephalic canines in practice, with 79% of RVNs treating them at least once a day. Caesarean sections were common, with 43% of RVNs identifying genetic abnormalities in brachycephalic litters on a frequent basis. Social media was identified as a cause for the increase in ownership.

Conclusion:

The veterinary profession must now play a larger role in public education to assist in improving welfare in these breeds.
Watershed Scale Nitrate-N Abatement of Instream Wetlands: An Appraisal Using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool
Authors: Sohoulande Djebou Dagbegnon Clement , Szogi Ariel A. , Stone Ken C. , Novak Jeffery M.
Published: June 2020

Highlights

SWAT used to address watershed scale nitrate-N abatement of instream wetlands (ISWs).

Experimental ISW results were incorporated into the watershed modeling framework.

SWAT successfully captured and reproduced ISW impact on nitrate-N at sub-basin level.

Scenarios of ISWs implementation were simulated, effects on nitrate-N export were evaluated.

Results show ISWs can be used as conservation structures aimed at enhancing water quality.

Abstract. In watersheds under high agricultural production, nitrate nitrogen (nitrate-N) pollution often originates from intensive application of fertilizers and animal manure to croplands. Surface runoff and nitrate-N export from farmlands contributes to the pollution of nearby reaches which flow into the watershed stream network. Experimental studies reported significant nitrate removal capacities of constructed instream wetlands (ISWs). However, cases of large-scale implementations of ISWs are uncommon, probably due to a paucity of watershed-scale studies which highlight the influence of ISWs on riverine water quality. To elucidate the ISWs nitrate-N abatement potential at the watershed scale, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to model nitrate-N export in a highly agricultural watershed located in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina. SWAT was first calibrated and validated for streamflow and for nitrate-N export using data collected from the inlet and outlet of an experimental instream wetland. The validated SWAT model was used to simulate a decade of nitrate-N export under two scenarios: 1) watershed with ISWs implemented; and 2) watershed without ISWs. The results of the case study indicated that a watershed-wide implementation of ISWs is likely to curtail annual nitrate-N export by 49%. The study also evaluated cases where ISWs are implemented in selected percentage of sub-basins across the watershed. The outcomes show higher increments of nitrate-N curtailment when ISWs are implemented in the first top agricultural sub-basins. Hence, implementation of ISWs on selected sub-basins can mitigate nitrate-N from non-point sources and enhance water quality in the watershed’s stream network. Keywords: Runoff, Croplands, Instream wetland, Nitrate-N export, Denitrification, SWAT model, Watershed.
Synthesis of 8-Hydroxyquinoline/exchanged montmorillonite hybrids: Sorption, Luminescence and Thermal stability studies
Authors: Mellah Besma , Turki Thouraya , Chammam Wafa , Srasra Ezzedine
Published: June 2020

Hybrids (H) prepared from 8-Hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ, "oxine") and exchanged montmorillonites (Na(I)-, Zn(II)- and Fe(III)-Mont) have been synthesized using solid-solid reactions at room temperature. The characterization of these hybrids by PPXRD has shown that the interlayer spaces swell (from 0.22 to 1.10 Å of d001 differences) after the inclusion of 8-HQ due to its complexation with the cations present. In the IR spectra, new bands corresponding to 8-HQ groups, appear in the regions 1244 - 1608 cm-1 and 574 - 826 cm-1. DSC measurement has shown the hybrids to be more stable than the precursor montmorillonites, 8-HQ and the simple metal oxinates. Zeta potential measurement on suspensions of the hybrids showed them to be negatively charged over the whole pH range (pH=2-10). As an application of our elaborated hybrids, sorption of the cationic dye methylene blue MB (CMB=200 mg.L-1) by the Na(I)-, Zn(II)- and Fe(III)-hybrids has been found to be rapid for the first two. At the same time, for the Fe(III) species, one month of sedimentation was required to adsorb 87 % of MB. The structural characterization of multi-hybrids MH (H+MB) by PXRD has shown a shift of d001 to higher values (Na-MH: 15.32 Å; Zn-MH: 16.61 Å; Fe-MH: 16.99 Å), signifying the intercalation of MB into interlayer spaces.
Morphological and crystallographic analysis of kidney stones in Eastern Morocco
Authors: El guerrouj Bouchra , Bouhrim Mohamed , Bencheikh Noureddine , Imtara Hamada , Kharchoufa Loubna , Ouassou Hayat , Bentata Yassamine , Daudon Michel , Melhaoui Mohammed
Published: June 2020

Abstract: Renal lithiasis is a common disease in the eastern region of Morocco, as it threatens the public health because of its repetitive nature as well as the complications it can cause in the kidney.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the morphological, molecular, and crystallographic characteristics of kidney stones affecting patients, specifically in the eastern region of Morocco.

Methods: Morphological and constitutional analyses of 239 renal lithiases made it possible to identify the various crystalline forms present, to assess the structure of the stones and to determine the composition of their nucleation zone.  

Results: It appears that calcium oxalate is the main component of the analyzed stones. It represents 70.5 % of the stones, which 55.5 % are majority whewellite and 15 % in weddellite. In comparison, calcium phosphates and magnesium (carbapatite and struvite) are the majority in only 8.9 % of cases, uric acid in 19.8 % of stones, and ammonium acid urate in 0.8 %. Calcium oxalate is predominant in the core of 52.5 % of the stones, carbapatite in 24.1 %, and uric acid in 20.3 % and struvite in 2.9 %. Most of the stones analyzed consist of a mixture of different crystalline constituents. Only 9.3 % of the stones analyzed have a homogeneous composition. Several types of associations were identified, the main ones being whewellite-carbapatite and whewellite-weddellite-carbapatite.  Conclusion: The present study shows that calcium oxalate is the most common compound in the samples studied, followed by the uric acid compound.
Original process for Thymol Para-sulfonation: A Preliminary Optimization Study
Authors: Abderrahman Sabour , Abdelhafed El Asbahani , Abdellah Lacherai , Brahim El Ouadi , Abderrahim Jilale
Published: June 2020

In this study, we described an original, new, simple, and productive one-pot method for Thymol para-sulfonation by using thionyl chloride (SOCl2) as a sulfonating agent under mild conditions. Spectroscopic analysis by FT-IR, mass spectrometry, and NMR 1H and 13C confirmed the structure of the parasulfonated derivative of Thymol:  the 4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-2-methylbenzenesulfonic acid. An optimization study was carried out to perform and improve the yield of this new para-sulfonation method by studying the effect of three parameters: temperature, the molar ratio (η) of the reactants, and solvents. The obtained results showed that the use of cyclohexane as a solvent, a molar ratio greater or equal than 3, and working under low temperatures increase the yield of this parasulfonation considerably to reach adequately 91.3%.
Accuracy improvement of quantitative LIBS analysis of coal properties using a hybrid model based on a wavelet threshold de-noising and feature selection method
Authors: Lu Peng , Zhuo Zhuang , Zhang Wenhao , Tang Jing , Tang Hailong , Lu Jingqi
Published: June 2020

A hybrid model based on a wavelet threshold de-noising (WTD) and recursive feature elimination with cross-validation (RFECV) method was proposed to improve the measurements in quantitative analysis of coal properties using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). First, a modified threshold of WTD was proposed based on wavelet coefficient theory. Interference of noise in the LIBS spectrum was reduced by using this modified method. Then, the RFECV method was applied to extract effective features from the de-noised LIBS spectrum. Finally, support vector regression (SVR) models of coal properties were established by the selected features. A validation set was used to verify the effectiveness and robustness of the hybrid model. The improvement of the hybrid model on the quantitative analysis of each index of coal properties (heat value, ash, volatile content) was studied and discussed. By using the proposed model, the determination coefficient (

R

2

), root mean square error of prediction, average relative error, and relative standard deviation were all significantly improved over the original spectra model. The results demonstrated that the proposed model could effectively improve the accuracy and precision of LIBS quantitative analysis for coal properties.
Routes to chaos and characterization of limit-cycle oscillations in wideband time-delayed optoelectronic oscillators with nonlinear filters
Authors: Deumi Kamaha Juliette Stevia , Talla Mbé Jimmi Herve , Woafo Paul
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we show that the cubic nonlinear optoelectronic oscillator (CN-OEO) [IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 55, 5000106-1 (2019)IEJQA70018-919710.1109/JQE.2019.2920694] depicts the phenomena of amplitude jump and crenelated oscillations in its routes to chaos. The amplitude jump is characterized by a sudden variation of the frequency of the limit-cycle oscillations. Using the normal form of the system, we characterize the limit-cycle oscillations. The amplitude and the frequency of these limit-cycle oscillations are determined mathematically and analyzed in terms of system parameters such as the time delay and feedback gain. It is analytically confirmed that the CN-OEO displays limit-cycle oscillations whose frequencies remain greater than those of a standard optoelectronic oscillator (the one with a standard bandpass filter in the electrical path). Our experimental measurements are in good agreement with the analytical and numerical results.
Optical proxy for particulate organic nitrogen from BGC-Argo floats
Authors: Fumenia Alain , Petrenko Anne , Loisel Hubert , Djaoudi Kahina , deVerneil Alain , Moutin Thierry
Published: June 2020

Using biogeochemical-Argo float measurements, we propose, for the first time, an optical proxy for particulate organic nitrogen concentration (PON) in the Western Tropical South Pacific, an area influenced by dinitrogen (N2) fixation. Our results show a significant relationship between the backscattering coefficient at 700 nm (bbp) and PON, especially when the latter is measured using the wet oxidation method (R2=0.87). bbp may be used to estimate PON concentrations (PONopt) between 0.02 and 0.95 µM, allowing for unprecedented monitoring using autonomous profiling floats. The bbp vs PON relationship can be used to study phytoplanktonic biomass dynamics at relevant seasonal temporal scales, with clear evidence of PONopt as a proxy of phytoplanktonic biomass, at least for this specific area. Temporal analyses of PONopt show significant increases (from 0.16 to 0.80 µM) likely related to new production associated to N2 fixation events measured during stratification periods in the Melanesian Archipelago.
Time-resolved characterization of ultrafast electrons in intense laser and metallic-dielectric target interaction
Authors: Galletti M. , Bisesto F. G. , Anania M. P. , Ferrario M. , Pompili R. , Poyé A. , Zigler A.
Published: June 2020

High-intensity ultrashort laser pulses interacting with thin solid targets are able to produce energetic ion beams by means of extremely large accelerating fields set by the energetic ejected electrons. The characterization of such electrons is thus important in view of a complete understanding of the acceleration process. Here, we present a complete temporal-resolved characterization of the fastest escaping hot electron component for different target materials and thicknesses, using temporal diagnostics based on electro-optical sampling with 100 fs temporal resolution. Experimental evidence of scaling laws for ultrafast electron beam parameters have been retrieved with respect to the impinging laser energy (0.4–4 J range) and to the target material, and an empirical law determining the beam parameters as a function of the target thickness is presented.
A Sample Preparation Protocol for High Throughput Immunofluorescence of Suspension Cells on an Adherent Surface
Authors: Bäckström Anna , Kugel Laura , Gnann Christian , Xu Hao , Aslan Joseph E. , Lundberg Emma , Stadler Charlotte
Published: June 2020

Imaging is a powerful approach for studying protein expression and has the advantage over other methodologies in providing spatial information in situ at single cell level. Using immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy, detailed information of subcellular distribution of proteins can be obtained. While adherent cells of different tissue origin are relatively easy to prepare for imaging applications, non-adherent cells from hematopoietic origin, present a challenge due to their poor attachment to surfaces and subsequent loss of a substantial fraction of the cells. Still, these cell types represent an important part of the human proteome and express genes that are not expressed in adherent cell types. In the era of cell mapping efforts, overcoming the challenge with suspension cells for imaging applications would enable systematic profiling of hematopoietic cells. In this work, we successfully established an immunofluorescence protocol for preparation of suspension cell lines, peripheral blood mononucleated cells (PBMC) and human platelets on an adherent surface. The protocol is based on a multi-well plate format with automated sample preparation, allowing for robust high throughput imaging applications. In combination with confocal microscopy, the protocol enables systematic exploration of protein localization to all major subcellular structures.
The effect of Beauveria bassiana inoculation on plant growth, volatile constituents, and tick (Rhipicephalus appendiculatus) repellency of acetone extracts of Tulbaghia violacea
Authors: Staffa Pumla , Nyangiwe Nkululeko , Msalya George , Nagagi Yakob Petro , Nchu Felix
Published: June 2020

Aim: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales) inoculum on plant growth, volatile constituents, and tick repellency of the extracts of Tulbaghia violacea (Amaryllidaceae).

Materials and Methods: Eight-week-old potted seedlings of T. violacea were each inoculated with conidia of B. bassiana (strain SM3) suspended at a concentration of 1×106 conidia mL–1. Tissue colonization by fungal conidia was assessed after 3 weeks. Plant growth, volatile constituents, and tick repellency were assessed after 12 weeks post-treatment.

Results: B. bassiana conidia successfully colonized leaf and root tissues of T. violacea. The growth of fungal hyphae out of the leaf and root sections occurred in 75% and 91.6% of plants, respectively. Inoculation of the plants with B. bassiana significantly (p<0.05) influenced root length and plant height but did not have substantial effects on weights and leaf number of T. violacea. While the fungus did not have significant effects on overall number of the volatile chemical constituents, significant variations in the quantity (area ratio) were observed in at least four compounds that were detected. In the tick repellency bioassay, high concentration (20 w/v%) of acetone extract from fungus-exposed plants produced the least repellent effect on Rhipicephalus appendiculatus larvae (Ixodidae), while at lower concentrations (5 w/v% and 10 w/v%) of acetone extracts of T. violacea, tick repellent activity of the extract of the fungus treatment was significantly improved and was comparable to commercial N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide and the other treatments.

Conclusion: Experimental fungal inoculation positively influenced plant growth in height and root length and tick (R. appendiculatus) repellency of acetone extracts of T. violacea at a concentration of 10 w/v% compared to the control treatment.
Utilization potential of naturally regenerated Mongolian Betula platyphylla wood based on growth characteristics and wood properties
Authors: Erdene-Ochir Togtokhbayar , Ishiguri Futoshi , Nezu Ikumi , Tumenjargal Bayasaa , Baasan Bayartsesteg , Chultem Ganbaatar , Ohshima Jyunichi , Yokota Shinso
Published: June 2020

To preliminary evaluate the potential wood utilization of Sukaczev trees naturally regenerated in Mongolia, growth characteristics (stem diameter and tree height), wood properties (annual ring width, basic density, and compressive strength parallel to grain at the green condition) of core samples, and stress-wave velocity in stems were investigated for trees grown naturally in three different sites in Selenge, Mongolia. trees, naturally grown in Nikko, Japan, were also examined to compare wood properties between the two regions. The mean values of stem diameter, tree height, stress-wave velocity of stems, annual ring width, basic density, and compressive strength parallel to grain at green condition in Mongolian were 17.6 cm, 14.1 m, 3.50 km s, 1.27 mm, 0.51 g cm, and 20.4 MPa, respectively. Basic density and compressive strength were decreased first from the pith, and then gradually increased toward the bark. The wood properties of trees grown naturally in Mongolia were similar to those in trees grown in Japan. Growth characteristics, especially stem diameter, were positively correlated with the stress-wave velocity of stems and basic density. Early evaluation of basic density in trees is possible by using wood located 2 cm from the pith. Basic density at the position from the 1st to the 15th annual ring from the pith showed significant between-site differences in Mongolian . Based on the results, it is concluded that the wood of trees grown in Mongolia may be used for industrial products as well as those from similar species in other countries.Betula platyphyllaBetula platyphyllaBetula platyphyllaB. platyphyllaâ1â3B. platyphyllaB. platyphyllaB. platyphyllaB. platyphyllaB. platyphylla
¿Qué piensan los y las estudiantes del profesorado acerca de la temporalidad histórica y su enseñanza?
Authors: Sayago Rocío
Published: June 2020

En este trabajo se presentan avances de la primera fase de una investigación que indaga sobre las concepciones de estudiantes del Profesorado en Historia acerca de la temporalidad histórica y su enseñanza. Se analizan algunos de los resultados obtenidos a partir de la aplicación de un cuestionario semi estructurado a estudiantes del Profesorado en Historia de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba que en el año 2018 transitaron la residencia y práctica docente. Se abordan, en otras cuestiones, experiencias de aprendizaje de la temporalidad en la escuela y en el profesorado; sus representaciones sobre el tiempo histórico; dominio conceptual de categorías temporales, y también sobre los desafíos y problemáticas de su enseñanza. La especificidad de la Historia, entiende Chartier, es la “lectura del tiempo”. En ese sentido, el pensamiento temporal es un objetivo prioritario para una Historia escolar que apuesta al desarrollo del pensamiento histórico como aporte a la formación de ciudadanías críticas, democráticas y con conciencia histórica.
Comparing How Different Inquiry-based Approaches Impact Learning Outcomes
Authors: Tawfik Andrew A , Hung Woei , Giabbanelli Philippe J.
Published: June 2020

To date, there are currently many variations of inquiry-based instruction including problem-based learning (PBL), lecture prior to problem solving, and case-based learning (CBL). While each claim to support problem-solving, they also include different levels of student- centeredness and instructor support. From an educational perspective, further clarity is needed to determine which model best supports learning outcomes such as conceptual knowledge, causal reasoning, and self-efficacy. While various meta-analyses have been conducted to ascertain how inquiry-based instruction compares with lecture-based approaches, there are few studies that directly compare these methods. To address this gap, this study looked at the effects of PBL, lecture prior to problem-solving, and CBL on students conceptual knowledge, causal reasoning, and self-efficacy (N = 91). While no significant difference was found on self-efficacy, the results found that learners in the PBL group performed highest on conceptual knowledge. In terms of causal reasoning, the PBL group outperformed other conditions on correctly identified connections. However, the PBL condition also had the highest number of incorrectly identified concepts. Implications for theory and practice are also discussed.
Arco CU/CD no controle da sobremordida e na retração de dentes anteriores. Parte II
Authors: Bastos Marden
Published: June 2020

Sobremordida profunda é um problema comum na Ortodontia, seja como má oclusão, seja como efeito colateral de movimentações dentárias, retração de dentes anteriores, entre outros. O desafio na mecânica para corrigir esse problema é o controle dos efeitos colaterais, como vestibularização dos incisivos e abertura da mordida posterior. Na edição v15n4, mostramos o uso dos arcos CU/CD confeccionados na quina de uma mesa. A prática tem mostrado que os ortodontistas encontram mais facilidade na confecção desse arco com os próprios dedos. Após cortar o excesso distal dos segundos molares, marcamos um arco 0,017” x 0,025” de aço, entre canino e primeiro pré-molar e entre segundo pré-molar e primeiro molar dos dois lados. Posicionamos os polegares entre as marcas de ambos os lados, apontados um para o outro, com os dedos indicador e médio apoiados do lado oposto do arco. Pressionamos os polegares entre os dedos indicador e médio de ambos os lados e giramos as mãos pra fora, mantendo os dedos pressionados. O resultado deve ser um arco plano e com torque neutro na região posterior, que apresenta uma curvatura suave entre os pré-mo- lares, e torque resistente na região anterior, que ajuda a controlar a vestibularização dos incisivos. Quando colocado sobre uma superfície plana, a região anterior do arco deve ficar cerca de 5 a 10 mm do plano posterior. Para tratamento da mordida profunda, analisamos a curva de Spee de ambas as arcadas. Se a arcada superior apresentar curva invertida, o arco CU (curve up) será colocado nessa arcada; no caso da arcada inferior com curva de Spee acentuada, será usado o arco de forma CD (curve down). Quando colo- cado nos dentes posteriores, passará cervicalmente aos braquetes anteriores. É importante limitar o perímetro da arcada por dobras distais ou conjugado de segundo molar a segundo molar, para evitar a abertura de espaços entre os dentes anteriores. No caso de retração de dentes anteriores, é interessante usar uma barra transpalatina, e o elástico em cadeia é colocado de segundo molar a segundo molar do lado oposto. É importante, também, colocar em relação cêntrica e checar as chaves de oclusão todos os meses. No caso de perda de ancoragem, dois mini-implantes são instalados entre primeiro molar e segundo pré-molar, e a retração continua com o elástico em cadeia ancorado nos mini-implantes. Vale lembrar que, depois de resolvida a mordida profunda ou terminada a retração, passamos um arco plano para manter o resultado.
GENETICS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY Pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of familial nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Authors: Bichet Daniel G
Published: June 2020

For an endocrinologist, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is an end-organ disease, that is the antidiuretic hormone, arginine-vasopressin (AVP) is normally produced but not recognized by the kidney with an inability to concentrate urine despite elevated plasma concentrations of AVP. Polyuria with hyposthenuria and polydipsia are the cardinal clinical manifestations of the disease. For a geneticist, hereditary NDI is a rare disease with a prevalence of five per million males secondary to loss of function of the vasopressin V2 receptor, an X-linked gene, or loss of function of the water channel AQP2. These are small genes, easily sequenced, with a number of both recurrent and private mutations described as disease causing. Other inherited disorders with mild, moderate or severe inability to concentrate urine include Bartter’s syndrome and cystinosis. MAGED2 mutations are responsible for a transient form of Bartter’s syndrome with severe polyhydramnios. The purpose of this review is to describe classical phenotype findings that will help physicians to identify early, before dehydration episodes with hypernatremia, patients with familial NDI. A number of patients are still diagnosed late with repeated dehydration episodes and large dilations of the urinary tract leading to a flow obstructive nephropathy with progressive deterioration of glomerular function. Families with ancestral X-linked AVPR2 mutations could be reconstructed and all female heterozygote patients identified with subsequent perinatal genetic testing to recognize affected males within 2 weeks of birth. Prevention of dehydration episodes is of critical importance in early life and beyond and decreasing solute intake will diminish total urine output.
Nonlocal inverse boundary-value problem for a 2D parabolic equation with integral overdetermination condition
Authors: Azizbayov E.I. , Mehraliyev Y.T.
Published: June 2020

This article studies a nonlocal inverse boundary-value problem for a two-dimensional second-order parabolic equation in a rectangular domain. The purpose of the article is to determine the unknown coefficient and the solution of the considered problem. To investigate the solvability of the inverse problem, we transform the original problem into some auxiliary problem with trivial boundary conditions. Using the contraction mappings principle, existence and uniqueness of the solution of an equivalent problem are proved. Further, using the equivalency, the existence and uniqueness theorem of the classical solution of the original problem is obtained.
Al-Ta’āys Al-‘Ilmī Bayn Al-‘Ilm Al-Ḥadīth Wa al-Khuṭāb Al-Daynī: Dirāsat Fī Sūrat Al-Baqarah Namūdhijān
Authors: Mufid Abdul
Published: June 2020

This study is a step to devising and achieving scientific coexistence, or what we call the endless miracle of the Quran in all fields and at all levels. The Quran is like an ocean, the deeper it becomes, the more you discover its potentials. He who looks at it to discover the laws will find his way. He who navigated to discover its linguistic or graphic secrets will find what he wants. He who reads its stories and histories will have fun and enjoyment.