bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A ‘Good Employer’ Perceptions and Practice in Small Enterprises
Authors: Coetzee Deirdre , Foster Barry , Laird Ian
Published: April 2018

The research explored the concept of a ‘good employer’ pertaining to employment relations and occupational health and safety (OHS) in small enterprises (SE’s). How perceptions, attitudes and beliefs of a ‘good employer’ were implemented in practice, were surveyed in a sample of SE’s using a framework developed from the International Labour Organisation (ILO) socially Decent Work Index (DWI). The study retained the DWI’s key dimensions: employment security, voice security, income security, skill reproduction security, and work security. However, measures of the key dimensions were broadened to capture the predominantly individualistic nature of employment relations in SE’s. The employers’ perceptions generally corresponded with the two dimensions of the ‘good employer’ prioritized by the ILO: employee voice and income security. In practice, there were instances of employees having input beyond operational matters. Nevertheless employers unilaterally determined pay and other terms and conditions of work. As for work security, the level of formal and informal policies and practices varied but employers who operated in higher OHS risk trade industries generally implemented comprehensive formal OHS management systems. It is argued that all it takes to be a ‘good employer’ is compliance with statutory employment minima. The employers in this study generally fulfilled this basic standard with some employers demonstrating higher levels of the characteristics that fitted with the dimensions associated with some large enterprises and the concept of a ‘good employer’ developed in the public sector. To accommodate space limitations, only brief summaries of the employer’ perceptions, attitudes and beliefs of a ‘good employer’ and Work Security are provided. This paper focuses on the results concerning voice and income security.
The Costs of Involuntary Job Loss: Impact on Workers' Employment and Earnings
Authors: Dixon Sylvia , Maré David C.
Published: April 2018

This paper examines the impact of involuntary job loss on the employment and earnings of affected workers, using data from the Survey of Families, Incomes and Employment (SoFIE) for the 2002–09 period. It focusses on employees who had been working in their job for at least one year before the job loss. The impact of displacement is estimated by using a propensity score matching approach to select similar non-displaced workers and compare their employment and earnings with those of displaced workers. We find that the employment rate of displaced workers was on average 27 percentage points lower 0–1 years after displacement, 14 percentage points lower 1–2 years after, and 8 percentage points lower 2–3 years after, than that of the matched comparison group. The average wage of re-employed displaced workers was 12 percent lower 0–1 years after displacement, 11 percent lower 1–2 years after and 7 percent lower 2–3 years after. Other impacts include increases in unemployment and self-employment, reductions in average weekly hours, and reductions in weekly and annual earnings.
Unpaid Work Experience: Meeting a Regulatory Challenge
Authors: Stewart Andrew , Owens Rosemary
Published: April 2018

This paper discusses the legal status in Australia, New Zealand and other countries of what appears to be a growing phenomenon: the use of unpaid ‘internships’, ‘job trials’ and other ‘work experience’ arrangements to replace what might previously have been paid entry-level jobs. Drawing upon research conducted for a study commissioned by the Australian Fair Work Ombudsman, the paper explores some of the difficulties that can arise in applying conventionally-framed labour laws to such arrangements.
Regulation and Voice in Residential Aged Care in New Zealand
Authors: Ravenswood Katherine
Published: April 2018

This paper seeks to explain why employment conditions have persistently remained low in this sector. It does this through examining employee voice (representative and direct) in residential aged care. This paper presents findings on the role of employee voice in four case studies of four New Zealand residential aged care facilities. It examines voice at both the organisational and national level and identifies key barriers to improved conditions for employees in residential aged care.
NEET by choice? Investigating the links between motherhood and NEET status
Authors: Molloy Sean , Potter Deborah
Published: April 2018

This paper investigates the propensity of young mothers aged 15 to 24 to be not in employment, education and training. Not all young mothers are out of labour force and many are involved in education. Additionally, those that are NEET may not be by choice. We identify areas for further investigation and policy response.
Ageing Of The Workforce: Effects On The Labour Market With Participation And Retirement
Authors: SriRamaratnam Ram , Williams Julian , Zhao Xintao
Published: April 2018

Ageing of the work force in New Zealand is an important determinant of labour market dynamics. In addition to the median age and the proportion of workers in retirement age, the nature of occupations and health and financial security are also important determinants of participation and retirement.The baby boom generation has approached their retirement years and the age structure of the working age population has also significantly altered. Consequently, the retirement of older workers is expected to make-up an important source of new job openings over the coming decades.Estimating and forecasting likely future retirement rates by occupational groups is of considerable interest, and provides further insights into labour market dynamics.In this study, recent historical retirement rates for broad (3-digit) ANZSCO occupational groups were derived using an internationally accepted methodology known as the cohort component method, adapted to allow for some participation by older age groups. Occupational employment data by age extracted from the recently released 2013 Census was analysed along with the corresponding data from the 2006 Census to estimate the average retirement rates over the 2006-13 period. These rates are then used to project future retirement rates over the 2013-20 period for the same broad occupational groups. Projections were based on the Working Age Population projections for age groups and their associated participation rates.
Assessing the Effects of Active Labour Market Policies: A Review of the New Zealand and International Literature
Authors: Jelicich Anishka , Lynch Colin
Published: April 2018

Active labour market policies encompass training programs, wage subsidies, welfare-to-work and placement services. They are used by governments around the world to alter both the level of unemployment and/or the composition of unemployment. Such policies aim: to affect the demand for labour by maintaining or creating jobs; to increase the supply of labour via training and rehabilitation; and to encourage labour mobility via placement counselling and mobility incentives. Most OECD governments have sought to implement effective active labour market policies as part of their response to unemployment. This paper examines the record of different types of active labour market programmes in a number of OECD countries. Through an examination of existing evidence on different kinds of active labour market policies, the paper attempts to determine which programmes best achieve government policy objectives. New Zealand active labour market policies are reviewed in light of the international evidence.
The New Zealand Labour Market - An Update
Authors: Gibbs Darren
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this paper is to briefly outline recent developments in the New Zealand labour market and some of the key features which characterise it. The material presented in this paper is an updated version of that originally prepared for the Prime Ministerial Taskforce on Employment.
The Qualification and Experience of New Zealand's Key Decision Makers
Authors: Sagoo Baljinder
Published: April 2018

In order to be more competitive, New Zealand's labour force must be more skilled and educated. Having a qualification is seen as a key to getting into the labour market, into employment and into work. Obtaining information and data on what qualifications New Zealanders have and need is relatively easy. But little is known about the distribution of individuals in relation to their qualifications. There have been many claims made that "New Zealand has too many accountants and lawyers in key positions and not enough scientists and engineers". Earlier studies have suggested there is an over-emphasis on accountancy and law as business qualifications. What is not clear is the extent to which other fields of study are represented amongst New Zealand's key decision makers. This paper is based on a comprehensive survey of the qualifications and experience of New Zealand's key decision makers, that is, individuals likely to affect significant decisions made in the private and public sectors within New Zealand. It aims to provide a clearer picture of the extent to which business versus technology related and other qualifications and experience exist amongst senior personnel.
Participation in Paid and Unpaid Work: Rhetoric, Policy and Realities for Women in the 'Year of the Family'
Authors: Prue Hyman
Published: April 2018

The rhetoric of the year of the family is celebrative, encouraging, and cognisant of the variety of family forms: 'it is a year for us to celebrate families in New Zealand and it is also a time to focus on ways we can help families to carry out their very important task of raising their children'. It hints at the desirability of equality within the family, and of community/state support, with the comment that one result expected to be achieved is 'Formal recognition by the nation of on-going support for the family as the essential unit in which each member is important and has recognised status'. It even recognises, with the police campaign 'Not Just a Domestic', the problem of domestic violence, although not that it is overwhelmingly male violence.
Explaining Women's Position in the Workforce: A Social Policy Analysis
Authors: Briar Celia
Published: April 2018

This paper begins by briefly examining the major patterns of gender inequality in paid and unpaid work in New Zealand and similar nations. It then looks at a series of possible explanations for these patterns. The main focus of the paper, however, is on the role of the state, and it questions whether, in the light of the theoretical discussion, the state should be regarded primarily as an institution which has perpetuated an unequal division of labour along gender lines, or whether the state (actually or potentially) can improve the position of working women. The paper ends by asking what the most effective strategies might be to reduce gender inequality at work.
'Dying to be Noticed' Gender: Work and Death Registration in New Zealand
Authors: McKegg Kate
Published: April 2018

Statistical information is often used for the basis of resource allocation in social policy. This paper discusses the historical and present day categorisation of women's work as it applies to the census and death registration. From a feminist/policy perspective, I will explore the relationship between 'official' representation and its power for the construction of particular social/political/economic identities. I will argue that the historical legacy of categorisation and construction of identity which persists in 'official' data collections continues to shape and influence policy parameters and decisions about the 'worth' of women's work, particularly unpaid work. Within the context of the current political and economic climate, the implications of continuing to inadequately represent the unpaid contributions of women will also be examined.
International Migration and Population Change in the 1990s: A New Regime?
Authors: Bedford Richard , Lidgard Jacqueline
Published: April 2018

Late in 1994 the Government announced a review of immigration policy, especially the operation of the points system which was introduced in November 1991. International migration has increased rapidly since the Immigration Policy Review in 1986, and there have been net migration gains to New Zealand's population in every year since 31 March 1990. During 1994 numbers of prospective immigrants admitted under the points system exceeded 40,000. There is an expectation that the net migration gain for the year ending 31 March 1995 could reach 30,000. This is approaching the peak annual net gains of the early 1990s. Given that there will be considerable debate about immigration if such a high net gain is recorded, it seemed appropriate to assess more closely the impact which international migration in the 1990s has had on the size and age composition of New Zealand's population. This paper presents some summary findings from this analysis with particular reference to the period 1 April1990 and 31 March 1994.
The Rationing Model and Regional Labour Markets
Authors: Jackson L. Fraser
Published: April 2018

This paper examines data on regional labour markets, and discusses a means of comparing the development of those markets over the period between 1986 and 1991. A simple model is considered for future estimation using data on electorates. Major differences in patterns of employment and remuneration in different parts of the country are found m and factors associated with these are explored. These differences are examined against the background of some of the leading arguments for the Employment Contracts Act, and it is shown that local factors have been a dominant factor in setting remuneration over the period studied.
Leading from the Rear? A Theoretical Analysis of the Contingent Bureaucratic Conservatism of the NZCTU Leadership
Authors: Roper Brian
Published: April 2018

Since it was established in 1987 the NZCTU has consistently failed to successfully oppose and defeat any of the major policy initiatives of the fourth Labour Government or the current National Government, even though these policies have clearly been detrimental to the interests of workers. In particular, during the period leading up to the passage of the ECA in May 1991 the NZCIV leadership failed to organise and lead the kind of generalised strike action that would, at the very least, have forced the National Government to substantially amend (if not withdraw) the legislation. In the industrial relations literature there have been remarkably few attempts (apart from the self-justifications of those involved) to address the key question which this raises: why has the NZCTU leadership acted in such a conservative and timid manner in response to economic, social and industrial relations policies which are essentially pro-capitalist and anti-worker? Explanatory accounts of the conservatism of the NZCTIJ leadership, if they are to be convincing, must combine theoretical analysis of the contingent bureaucratic conservatism of fulltime trade union officials in the industrial relations systems of advanced capitalism with systematic historical research which disentangles the concrete interplay of economic, class, ideological and political forces specific to any particular dispute. This paper outlines the theory of the contingent bureaucratic conservatism of fulltime trade union officials, considers some of the major criticisms of this theory, and then argues that a qualified version of this theory is essential to making sense of the role played by the NZCFU leadership in industrial relations.
'Non-standard' Work in New Zealand - What We Know
Authors: Whatman Richard
Published: April 2018

'Non-standard' or ‘atypical’ work covers a multitude of work arrangements. Definitions of non-standard work are also numerous and rendered partially unsatisfactory by the very nature and variety of the area of study. While non-standard work has been growing in New Zealand, this does not necessarily equate to a worsening situation for all those engaged in non-standard work. This paper suggests definitions of non-standard work arrangements for New Zealand. It discusses the concept of precariousness as it has been applied to the topic and considers what evidence is available to assess its development. Through this examination, the paper makes suggestions as to where further research in the area of non-standard work could be usefully directed.
Segmentation Theory and the New Zealand Labour Market
Authors: Dixon Chandra
Published: April 2018

Segmented Labour Market (SLM) analysis by no means enjoys a unified or clearly structured theoretical base. Analysts emphasise a variety of factors in their explanations of the existence of inequalities in the labour market. This paper uses an industry approach to evaluate inequalities. A case study of two industries is used -the plastics industry and the hotel/ restaurant industry- on the assumption that each will exhibit characteristics defining them as primary and secondary sectors respectively. The paper focuses on indicative findings of both inter-industry and intra-industry labour market segmentation. The approach taken is part of a broader doctoral thesis, which seeks to establish a viable SLM paradigm within the context of post-ECA New Zealand labour market conditions.
Work and Unemployment in Post-Industrial Times
Authors: Levett Allan
Published: April 2018

In New Zealand, rises and falls in the rate of unemployment over the past twenty years have inevitably produced statements of hope for a return to full employment. lt is suggested that the continued simple optimism about full employment has obscured alternative explanations for especially long term unemployment and delayed genuine attempts to make adequate provision for it: provisions that relate to the nature of modern work and give more meaning to the lives of unemployed people. The paper will develop an alternative explanation of unemployment based on an analysis of worldwide changes in the nature of work and show how it applies in New Zealand. The explanation leads to different ways of thinking about unemployment and the wide range of experiences within the unemployed conditions and expands the possibilities for suitable policies. A crucial central ingredient for unemployment policy in post-industrial times is an effective national system of life-long learning. The paper finds that provisions for lifelong learning in New Zealand still favour the well-endowed and the well-heeled and are seriously deficient for those whom unemployment hits hardest, creating damaging ripple effects in other aspects of social life. With adequate provisions it is suggested that unemployment can be regarded as a transition in the life course when new kinds of work and new ways of contributing to the community can be explored.
Labour Market Trends, Cycles and Outlook
Authors: Mare Dave
Published: April 2018

This paper outlines recent developments in the labour marker, and discusses the likely outlook over coming years. Changes in labour market measures in the past five years have, to varying degrees, been reversals of the changes that occurred in the late 1980s. There are some exceptions to this statement, and differences in the extent of reversal. In this paper we discuss how today's labour market differs from that of the mid-1950, which differences will persist, and what commentators forecast for the coming years.
Trends in Maori and Non-Maori Labour Force Participation, Incomes and Restructuring, 1981 to 1991
Authors: Amey Ben
Published: April 2018

The aim of this paper is to determine the relative impact of economic restructuring on Maori during the 1980s and early 1990s. The data come from special tabulations compiled from Census data. A combination of income classes and medians are used as measures to identify trends by ethnicity, family type, and labour force status. In particular, Maori and Non-Maori labour force participation rates are compared with income distribution trends to determine relationships between income levels and labour force participation. The degree of Maori income inequality increased during the 1980s both relative to 1981 and to Non-Maori families in 1991.
Work and Timing of First Live Births in New Zealand
Authors: Dharmalingam A. , Pool Ian , Johnstone Kim
Published: April 2018

In this paper we have used data from a nationally representative sample survey of New Zealand women (N=2673) aged between 20 and 59 years. We employ life-table technique and proportional hazard modelling to assess the role of individual and group level variables in determining the timing of first live births. This study suggests that a woman's decision to work and to have children and when to have them are intimately linked. While the age at which women obtain their first job has not changed much over the generations the age of the mother when her first child was born has risen considerably over recent generations. The result has been a widening period of time between the first job and the first child (for both Maori and non-Maori). Our analysis suggests that the number of years a woman has worked is very closely associated with when she has her first child having worked increases the chances of having a child, but as the work experience lengthens so this chance declines.
Plus Ça Change...: The Employment Contracts Act and Non-standard Employment in New Zealand, 1991-1995
Authors: Brosnan Peter , Walsh Pat
Published: April 2018

The aim of this paper is to discuss and analyse changes in the incidence and distribution of non-standard employment in New Zealand since the introduction of the Employment Contracts Act in May 1991. Non-standard employment is defined as employment that is not permanent and full-time. The analysis is based upon data from national surveys, one of 2000 workplaces in May 1991 and another of 5,200 workplaces in May 1995. One of the chief policy objectives of the Employment Contracts Act was to enhance labour market flexibility. Non-standard employment is one indicator of labour market flexibility. Accordingly, the degree of change in non-standard employment is one indicator of the Act's success or lack of it in achieving its policy objectives. The results show that the Act has not been associated with a substantial growth in non-standard employment. The 1995 New Zealand labour force looks a lot like the 1991 labour force. The proportion of permanent full-time employees has hardly changed since 1991, and remains at more than two-thirds of the workforce. The two areas of employment to show substantial change were casual employment, which has declined since 1991 and fixed term employment which has increased. The change in casual employment is in the reverse direction from that expected by both critics and supporters of the Act. The data also show, however, that while employers expect permanent full-time employment to remain predominant, they also expect non-standard employment to rise considerably in the next five years.
The Trasformation of New Zealand's Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Legislation and Administration From 1981 to 1992: A Case of Reactionary Politics
Authors: Wren John
Published: April 2018

From 1981 to 1992 New Zealand's occupational safety and health (OSH) legislation and administration has undergone a significant transformation. At the beginning of the period the situation can be described as a system of "Government Management", by 1990 a system of "Tripartite Management" had been partially introduced, in 1992 a new system of "Employer Hazard Management" had replaced existing arrangements. How did this transformation occur, why did it occur, and how does it compare with overseas examples? The transformation represents a case of reactionary politics. At the social level, change was a reaction to fears in the community about the dangers associated with the advent in New Zealand of large complex industrial plants, and the introduction of new chemicals. At the institutional level of organised actors, change was the result of reaction against perceived inadequacies in the existing legislative and administrative arrangements, and responses to positions adopted by competing actors. At the individual level change came about as organisations responded to the initiatives of certain individuals. By 1992, the colonial reliance upon overseas policy examples had been replaced with policy initiatives that reflected the level of knowledge amongst government officials, and the dominant forms of OSH management practiced by large New Zealand companies.
The Use of Private Mediation in Organisational Disputes and Personal Grievances - The Experience of Waikato Mediation Services
Authors: Hooper Stephen
Published: April 2018

Waikato Mediation Services was formed in 1994. It provides mediation services in number of areas. The vast majority of cases mediated by this organisation have involved private employment mediations. This has meant that the organisation mediates conflicts between management and staff and between managers for a wide range of businesses and organisations. Although each dispute is unique clear patterns have emerged from the large number of cases dealt with so far. This paper examines the factors that have influenced the occurrence of the conflicts and discusses the patterns that have begun to emerge. The conclusion reached is that certain forms of business structure and management practices increase the likelihood of disputes within the workplace. The paper concludes that in order to address workplace disputes it is essential that the context within which the dispute arose be carefully considered before any action is taken by employers.
Paid Work and Intellectual Disability
Authors: Reid Pat
Published: April 2018

Adults with intellectual disabilities in paid work have voiced a number of concerns regarding their employment: independence at work, the continued need for links with formal support, choices in lifestyle opportunities and lack of career path options. In a central New Zealand region selected agencies were asked to identify adults with intellectual disabilities who had paid work. The agencies then forwarded invitations to adults whom they considered were successfully employed. Seventeen workers responded and were interviewed on how they obtained and learned their job and the initial and on-going support they received. If permissions were gained from both parties then important other persons/s were also interviewed. As a result of this survey strategies leading to better opportunities and greater employment rates for adults with intellectual disabilities are offered.
The New Zealand Labour Market: Recent Trends and Future Prospects
Authors: Melville Duncan
Published: April 2018

This paper presents information on past trends in the labour market since the mid 1980's and provides an outlook into the first years of the next century. Trends disaggregated by gender; ethnicity and industry are considered.
The De-industrialization of New Zealand
Authors: Easton Brian
Published: April 2018

Deindustrialisation is the phenomenon of the secondary sector growing more slowly than the rest of the economy, whether measured by share of GDP or of employment. Almost all rich OECD countries have been experiencing it. However New Zealand has been deindustrialising faster than the OECD average (even if the energy based industries developed in the 1980 S are included). The paper describes the phenomenon, and discusses why it has happened.1
Upaya Peningkatan Citra Pembelajaran IPS Bermakna di Indonesia
Authors: Setyowati Rini , Fimansyah Wira
Published: April 2018

Konsep pendidikan IPS di Indonesia secara historis epistemologis terasa sangat sukar karena dua alasan yaitu di
Indonesia belum ada lembaga profesional bidang IPS sekuat pengaruh NCSS atau SSEC dan pembelajaran IPS sangat
tergantung pada pemikiran individual atau kelompok pakar. Pembelajaran IPS yang bermakna diperlukan agar siswa
dapat berkomunikasi dengan terampil. Selain itu , mengajar dengan diskusi memungkinkan siswa untuk mengembangkan
pemahaman tentang isu tertentu, meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis dan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan
interpersonal. Pentingnya diskusi dalam pelajaran IPS mempertahankan argumen yang meliputi fakta dan konsep yang
mendukung gagasan bahwa siswa yang mengalami keterlibatan pada kegiatan, interaksi kelompok kecil dan pembelajaran
kooperatif lebih sukses dalam pembelajaran IPS
Prototipo autotérmico móvil para producción de biocarbón con biomasa de esquilmos de aguacate
Authors: Medina Orozco Lenin Ejecatl , Medina Orozco Iván N.
Published: April 2018

El estado de Michoacán, México, es el principal productor mundial de aguacate, con un impacto social y económico en función de la superf icie cultivada. Productos secundarios de esta actividad, son los esquilmos agrícolas derivados de las podas de mantenimiento de los árboles. El biocarbón (biochar) de subproductos de aguacate, se vislumbra como una alternativa económica, ambiental y socialmente viable, para producir biocarbón en grandes volúmenes, sin extracción de maderas de bosque y selvas prístinas. El objetivo del presente estudio, fue construir y evaluar el desempeño en condiciones de campo, de un prototipo de biocarbón-pirólisis autotérmico y móvil, con volumen útil de 1.7 m3 de biomasa triturada. El equipo fue construido de acero inoxidable, para darle un periodo de vida útil de 7 años bajo condiciones intensivas de uso, con movilidad dentro de los campos agrícolas y auto térmico para no depender de una fuente de calor externa. El equipo fue de bajo costo comparado con equipos comerciales ($ 700 000.00 pesos MN) y con un potencial futuro en la cogeneración de energía. La principal variable en el costo de fabricación es el precio del acero inoxidable en el mercado. El equipo reportó una tasa de conversión de biomasa a biocarbón, en condiciones de campo, de entre 300 y 400 kg por día, con una tasa promedio de recuperación del 16% en biocarbón. Las principales variables en la transformación de la biomasa a biocarbón fueron: humedad, el tamaño de la astilla y condiciones atmosféricas. Se encontró una Capacidad de Intercambio Catiónico (CIC) de 46 Cmolc kg-1 y pH 10.25. El equipo transformó satisfactoriamente la biomasa de aguacate y el biocarbón presentó características adecuadas para su uso en suelos volcánicos.
Global model of the carbon cycle as instrument of primary agriculture production assessment
Authors: Nguyen Xuan Man , Nguyen Duyen Phong , V.F. Krapivin , F.A. Mkrtchyan
Published: April 2018

The role of agriculture and forest ecosystems in the climate change is considered. To understand the factors that determine the feedbacks in the global climate system of the cycles of carbon, a hierarchy of model units is constructed which parameterize a totality of physical and biogeochemical processes which are responsible for transport of various substances. In this paper an attempt has been made to assess the role of agriculture and forests in assimilation of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and to analyze the characteristics of forest ecosystems.
Pituitary adenoma: a literature review
Authors: Sidaraitė A. , Glebauskienė B. , Liutkevičienė R.
Published: April 2018

Pituitary adenoma is one of the most common intracranial tumors which cause neurological and/or hormonal symptoms. Nevertheless, its pathogenesis remains unclear – familial cases and syndromes are known better than sporadic cases. Many studies are carried out to find somatic or epigenetic changes in cases with sporadic adenomas which could affect its pathogenesis. The discovery of these changes may lead to biomarkers invention which could be used to diagnose pituitary adenomas, especially atypical and aggressive types in early stages. In this article, we review the classification of these tumors, pathogenesis of familial and sporadic pituitary adenomas, common principles of its diagnostics and treatment.
In search of Alzheimer’s disease treatment methods: trends of clinical trials
Authors: Pakulaitė G. , Regelskytė V. , Audronytė E. , Kuzmickienė J. , Kaubrys G.
Published: April 2018

There is a strong necessity to develop new treatments for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) as its frequency is rapidly growing with the ageing population. There were 25 pharmacological agents involved in phase I trials, 52 in phase II, and 28 agents in phase III clinical trials in 2017. More than two thirds (70%) of these agents are developed as disease-modifying therapies. Their mechanisms of action are targeted mainly to amyloid and tau related pathology. Almost one third (27%) of the agents comprise the group of symptomatic treatment. There is a number of factors that determine the current failure of the research. The factors include incomplete understanding of AD pathophysiology, limited agent access to the central nervous system, and lack of diagnostic and predictive biomarkers. Although AD treatment studies have given no clear positive results in recent decades, research is actively continued due to the growing economic and social burden of the disease.
The effect of physical activity, pharmacologic interventions, over-the-counter supplements and cognitive training in preventing Alzheimer’s disease, mild cognitive impairment and related dementias: an overview
Authors: Navickaitė G.
Published: April 2018

Due to the aging population, the incidence of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is likely to increase. Currently, there is no hard evidence neither on effective methods of their treatment nor on even prevention. However, the potential benefits of physical activity, pharmacologic interventions, over-the-counter supplements and cognitive training are publicly discussed. Nonetheless, positive effects of such methods are not based on the evidence obtained from the related studies. This article presents an overview of the results of systematic analyses of the four methods – physical activity, pharmacologic interventions, over-the-counter supplements and cognitive training – and their effect in preventing ADRD and MCI.
Nayibe González: transformación digital, receta con múltiples ingredientes
Authors: Toro C. Víctor Manuel , Gallardo M. Sara
Published: April 2018

Según la Directora de Tecnología de Cine Colombia, en transformación digital nadie tiene la última palabra; se trata de cultura, de actitud y de una dinámica permanente, conceptos llevados a la práctica para que la empresa que ella representa esté a la vanguardia.
Transformación Digital de una empresa tradicional
Authors: Toro C. Víctor Manuel
Published: April 2018

En la empresa, las Tecnologías de Información (TI) han servido fundamentalmente para mejorar la eficiencia y la productividad. Bien utilizadas, las TI han contribuido a construir compañías más grandes, que atienden a más clientes, que llegan más lejos, que funcionan de forma más ágil. Pero en el fondo, hacen lo mismo que hacían antes. Este artículo retoma el papel que han jugado las TI en las empresas, profundiza en los elementos fundacionales de Valor y de Modelo de Negocio, llega al concepto de Transformación Digital, y plantea líneas de acción para poderla construir.
Chaoul Pereyra, Marí­a Eugenia (2014), Entre la esperanza de cambio y la continuidad de la vida. El espacio de las escuelas primarias nacionales en la Ciudad de México, 1891-1919, México, Instituto Mora
Authors: Arellano Rosales Verónica
Published: April 2018

En diciembre del 2014 se publicó el libro Entre la esperanza de cambio y la continuidad de la vida. El espacio de las escuelas primarias nacionales en la Ciudad de México, 1891-1919, cuya autora es la doctora en historia Marí­a Eugenia Chaoul Pereyra. Profesora investigadora del Instituto Mora, se distingue por su trayectoria académica dedicada al estudio de la dinámica escolar en la Ciudad de México hacia finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX. Este libro nos muestra un estudio minucioso que da cuenta del tránsito, durante el Porfiriato, de la educación primaria en manos del Ayuntamiento al control del Estado, mediante la regulación y promulgación de leyes en lo que se denominó "Federalización de la Enseñanza".
Los planes de estudio de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México y sus cambios en el siglo XX
Authors: Martínez Barbosa Xóchitl , Zacarías Prieto Jorge
Published: April 2018

Los estudios profesionales de medicina en la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México estuvieron sometidos a un proceso de revisión y de cambios durante el siglo XX, plasmados en las modificaciones a los planes de estudio de la Facultad de Medicina. A través de la investigación de documentos del Archivo Histórico de la Facultad de Medicina de la UNAM, particularmente de los planes de estudio, en el presente artí­culo se destacan los más relevantes, lo que permitirá conocer el desarrollo de la enseñanza médica. De este modo podremos comprender los factores que influyeron de manera directa en los cambios curriculares, que dieron como resultado el Plan Único de Estudios de 1985.  El logro de estos cambios fue la Atención Primaria para la Salud y la formación de médicos generales capacitados para enfrentar los retos de una realidad nacional con muchas deficiencias en el ámbito de la salud.
El uso de materiales visuales en la investigación histórico-educativa
Authors: Grosvenor Ian , Rousmaniere Kate
Published: April 2018

La mayor parte de la investigación cualitativa está dominada por el lenguaje. Sin embargo, el deseo de crear imágenes ha existido a lo largo de la humanidad, desde las pinturas rupestres en el tiempo de las cavernas hasta las miles de millones de selfies que son tomadas cada año con dispositivos móviles. Usamos imágenes no sólo para representar el mundo que nos rodea, sino también para compartir nuestros sentimientos con otros, ya sea como memorial de un momento importante o para transmitir las emociones de ese momento particular. Hoy en dí­a, el uso de la tecnologí­a nos permite considerarnos fotógrafos documentales. De manera colectiva, esas imágenes son significantes de una cultura, de manera individual, son una evidencia de nuestra existencia y pueden ser analizadas como tal. En años recientes ha crecido el interés de algunos investigadores por usar imágenes para mejorar la comprensión de la condición humana, sin embargo, como plantea Cohen: "si los historiadores han oí­do hablar de este giro visual... lo han ignorado" (Cohen, 2003:251), por lo que lo visual mantiene un estatus menor que lo textual.
Aleida Garcí­a Aguirre (2015), La revolución que llegarí­a. Experiencias de solidaridad y redes de maestros y normalistas en el movimiento campesino y la guerrilla moderna en Chihuahua, 1960-1968, Colectivo Memorias Subalternas, México, 2015
Authors: Escalante Fernández Carlos
Published: April 2018

En el libro, la autora, historiadora desde abajo, militante de la esperanza e hija de una ex normalista, estudia "la participación solidaria de maestros y normalistas en la articulación y desarrollo del movimiento campesino en Chihuahua en la primera mitad de los años sesenta, y las dos guerrillas rurales que operaron en la misma entidad federativa en 1964-1965 y 1967-1968" y se propone "analizar las peculiaridades que la presencia de estos dos grupos sociales vinculados a la educación pudo otorgar a las demandas campesinas legales e ilegales, así­ como a la formulación de una crí­tica radical del ordenamiento económico, social y político mexicano" (2015: 23).
Effect of plastic deformation on the magnetic properties of selected austenitic stainless steels
Authors: Oršulová Tatiana , Palček Peter , Kúdelčík Jozef
Published: April 2018

Austenitic stainless steels are materials, that are widely used in various fields of industry, architecture and biomedicine. Their specific composition of alloying elements has got influence on their deformation behavior. The main goal of this study was evaluation of magnetic properties of selected steels, caused by plastic deformation. The samples were heat treated in different intervals of temperature before measuring. Then the magnetic properties were measured on device designed for measuring of magnetism. From tested specimens, only AISI 304 confirmed effect of plastic deformation on the magnetic properties. Magnetic properties changed with increasing temperature.
Selected aspects of hydraulic issues in heating systems
Authors: Rak Aleksandra
Published: April 2018

Rational and efficient use of thermal energy in recent years has resulted in significant changes in the heating system as well as technological progress. In order to design a heating system properly and exploit it correctly, an in-depth understanding of the hydraulic issues is necessary. Application of automatic control system in various sectors of heating network has resulted in a more dynamic and efficient work of the whole system. For proper operation of a thermal system it is also necessary to compile a correct heat balance and a regulation graph that allows to determine the optimal mass and parameters of heat medium. The article discusses the problems of supplying heat process, types of thermal systems and selected problems of hydraulic issues that occur in the heating networks.
Influence of the environment aggressiveness on durability of girders made of S355 steel in Poland
Authors: Śpiewak Anna , Ulewicz Małgorzata , Vičan Josef
Published: April 2018

The following article discusses the problem of durability of girders made of structural steel S355 affected by corrosion. It presents the Polish procedure for calculating the time between failures of steel elements of bridge and durability factors necessary to estimate the impact of corrosion on the durability of steel road bridges. According to the presented procedure, two real bridges of steel structure were analysed. The bridges selected for analysis are located in extremely different corrosive environments in Poland. This bridges were built in different areas of the country which are characterized by different (mountain, urban) aggressiveness of the environment. The objects of the analysis differ in terms of corrosion type occurring on the bearing system. Their age is also different which has a significant impact on their safety.The results obtained allowed to determine the time when, with the existing corrosion damage, failures may occur.
A Brazilian Adam Smith
Authors: Almeida Paulo Roberto
Published: April 2018

Adam Smith’s seminal work, The Wealth of Nations, was introduced to Brazilian readers by an autodidatic “economist”, José da Silva Lisboa, at the beginning of the 19th century. The paper intends to reconstruct the reception of Smith’s ideas in Brazil (and Portugal), through the early works of José da Silva Lisboa. He was a remarkable intellectual, liberal by instinct besides a government official, who was largely responsible for the “economic opening” of Brazilian ports to foreign trade (decreed by the Portuguese Regent, Prince D. João, in 1808, at his arrival in Brazil). He was honored with the title of Viscount of Cairu (who became the patron of the Brazilian economists in the 20th century). He translated, incorporated, copied and transformed many Smithian ideas in his books (published in Portugal and Brazil, by Imprensa Régia), adapting them to a colonial economy and a backward agricultural environment. He suggested, among other original features, the existence of a fourth factor of production (besides land, labor and capital): knowledge, which could be considered an anticipation of modern conceptual evolution in economic thinking.
Media Pendidikan Dalam Perspektif Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Wahidin Unang , Syaefuddin Ahmad
Published: April 2018

The development of science and technology increasingly encourage renewal efforts in the utilization of technology results in teaching and learning process. One of the technology that can be used in teaching and learning process is education media. Educational media used must be adapted to the development and demands of the times. Support the right educational media used in teaching and learning process will facilitate the achievement of learning objectives can be. Therefore, the education media will affect the absence of a complete and appropriate learning information target, and affect the outcome of the learning process. At the beginning of the spread of Islam has been known teaching and learning activities, when the media has been there and education has been applied by the Prophet Muhammad SAW in teaching science and Islamic law to the friends. Some educational media clusters expressed in the Qur'an and al-Hadith, among others: Audio education media contained in al-Qur'an letter al-'Alaq (96) verse 1; Al-Isra '(17) verse 14; Al-Ankabut (29) verse 45; Al-Muzammil (73) verse 20. In addition, in the hadith there are several terms used to indicate the use of visual media in learning, such as drawings, gravel and fingers. Keyword: Media, Education, Islam, Al-Qur’an
Model and Characteristics of Micro Finance Institutions Based on SME Women in Batu City
Authors: Rachmawati Ike Kusdyah
Published: April 2018

The development of SMEs is largely determined by the existence of MFIs that offer financing models are diverse. It can be said that MFIs become a partner of SMEs in this regard as a financial services provider, through diverse financing models. But on the other hand the diversity of financing models offered by MFIs have not been fully able to be utilizedThis study used exploratory research, descriptive, experimental and applied research conducted in stages for the development of a comprehensive model of microfinance accommodative Informants determined based on the information needs. Using a descriptive and qualitative analysis of the MFI deliberately selected examples illustrate the following: (A) The existence of MFIs is recognized community has a strategic role as an intermediary in economic activity that has not affordable public services of banking institutions / conventional banks; (B) service MFIs have demonstrated success, but success can still be in business economics. Skim MFI lending to businesses has not received the priority, it is characterized by a relatively small ceiling (budget allocation) to support farming, which is less than 10% of the total ceiling of MFIs; (C) A critical factor in the development of the agricultural sector MFI lies in the institutional legality, capability management, seed capital support, the economic viability of farming, farm characteristics and technical assistance clients / service users MFIs; (D) To initiate the growth and development of agricultural MFIs needed guidance enhanced capabilities for HR candidates MFI managers, support the strengthening of capital and technical assistance to customers of credit users.Keywords: Financial Institutions Micro, Small Business Micro
The Development of Syari'ah Cooperatives Information System Model
Authors: Mardani Ronny Malavia , Wahono Budi
Published: April 2018

Indonesian Muslims have tremendous potential to be a pioneer and world Islamic economic center. Indonesia is the country with the largest Muslim population in the world. Indonesia has made policies that encourage the development of the Islamic finance industry. Classic problems that hinder in the development of Cooperative Shari'ah is limited knowledge of the cooperative management in financial management. Recognizing these circumstances, it would require a new technological innovation that the managers of cooperatives Syariah that some of those who do not understand how to manage the financial well be understood and easy to apply. Therefore, it is necessary to design the automated information system with the technology, so that businesses in the Cooperative Syariah able to easily prepare their own financial statements, without having to understand the concept of financial management. The purpose of this study is the description and design accountable models of Shari'ah cooperative information systems. The method used in this study is a qualitative method that is by arranging the Prototype Model. Results of design research model of this system, is able to develop a model of cooperative systems that facilitate cooperative Shari'ah management preparing financial reports quickly and accurately, can help managers and members of cooperatives Shari'ah to determine the growth cooperatives quickly and can help managers to make decisions rapidly.Keywords: Cooperative Shari'ah, Management Information SystemsJudul Asli : Pengembangan Model Sistem Informasi Koperasi Syariah Berbasis Teknologi Informasi