bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Event classification of volcanic earthquakes based on K-Means clustering: Application on Anak Krakatau Volcano, Sunda Strait
Authors: Hasib Mohammad , Nur Bagas Anwar Arif , Baith Huffaz Muhammad Abdurrofi , Muflih Abdullah Mu’adz , Suhendi Cahli , Ghifari Bana Fitro , Adi Hafidz Bagus Prasetyo , Kriswati Estu , Anggono Titi , Syuhada  , Febriani Febty , Dewi Cinantya Nirmala , Prasetio Aditya Dwi
Published: March 2024

It is important to quickly recognize any physical changes in volcanology and accompanying phenomena at each stage of an eruption in terms of mitigating volcanic eruptions. Automatic classification of the type of volcanic earthquake is required, especially since the data recorded by seismic equipment is classified as big data. Analyzing big data manually will take a lot of time. Therefore, we use unsupervised machine learning such as K-means clustering to generate an automated system of classifying the volcanic events based on their waveform and spectrum characteristics. We examine the clustering of volcanic earthquakes at Anak Krakatau volcano, Sunda Strait during June to July 2014. We use one seismic station which is KRA4 to calculate the K-means clustering at Anak Krakatau volcano. We apply unsupervised machine learning such as K-means clustering to classify volcanic earthquakes. We successfully applied the K-means clustering method and found three clusters that represent the volcanic earthquake types based on the characteristics of the waveform in time and frequency domains. We observed different waveform and frequency characteristics for different clusters. The result is Cluster 1 is characterized by rapid increases in a few seconds, then gradual decreases with time, and the frequency dominant range of 4-4.7 Hz. Cluster 2 is characterized by gradual increases in a few seconds, then gradual decreases with time, and the frequency dominant range of 6-6.5 Hz. Cluster 3 is characterized by gradual increases in a few seconds, then gradual decreases with time in longer duration, and the frequency dominant range of 7-7.5 Hz. This study is useful to automatically classify the big data of daily volcanic activity that is generated continuously to mitigate the volcanic hazard.
Preparedness and community knowledge in mitigation landslide disasters in Dieng Kulon, Banjarnegara Regency, Central Java.
Authors: Hidayaht Achmad Nur , Partini Dwi
Published: March 2024

Landslide disasters are an important problem in mountainous areas including in Dieng. To reduce the impact of landslides, a disaster mitigation plan is needed that starts with the knowledge of the people living around Dieng, one of which is from community preparedness in Dieng Kulon Village, Banjarnegara Regency. The results of research on the aspects of knowledge and preparedness for landslides by the community which was carried out using a qualitative descriptive method of four parameters showed that the parameters of knowledge and attitudes, response plans, disaster warnings, and resource mobilization can be concluded that the level of community preparedness on the parameters of knowledge and attitudes is partly the community does not know as a whole regarding the potential for landslides, although the parameters and response to the community in the emergency response in Dieng Village are quite good, the parameters of the early warning system and the level of community preparedness on the parameters of mobilizing disaster resources in Dieng Village are still not good and not optimal because the potential impact of landslides is low and rarely causes casualties, so attention to preparedness for landslides is indeed not fully optimal. Based on these four categories, the community’s overall preparedness for landslides is not yet optimal and needs to be improved because controlling factors and triggering factors are factors that cause the movement of material in the Dieng area to have the potential to trigger landslides in the area.
GIS-Based flood susceptibility mapping in Wawar Watershed, Purworejo Regency
Authors: Damayanti Hidhayah Nur , Wikan Preti Askunala , Annurhutami Fitra
Published: March 2024

Purworejo is one of the regency in Central Java which vulnerable to being affected by flood in rainy season. Wawar watershed is one of the watersheds in Purworejo Regency, the land use in Wawar watershed is dominated by agricultural land so the potential for flooding is quite high in the downstream area. This study aims to determine the distribution of flood-prone locations and classify the level of flood susceptibility that occurs in Wawar Watershed. The method used in this study is data processing on GIS (Geographic Information Systems) using scoring method and weighting of each parameter. These parameters include land use, altitude, rainfall, slope, soil type, and river flow buffers. The resulting hazard map has 3 categories, low, moderate, and high vulnerable level. The results also show that highly vulnerable areas in the southern part of Wawar Watershed that dominated by lowlands area, flat slope, settlement and ricefield land use.
Primary school infrastructure preparedness analysis regarding the hazard of Mount Merapi eruption in Selo District Boyolali Regency
Authors: Sarwono  , Qolbi Muhamad Mahdiyyul
Published: March 2024

Facilities and infrastructure are essential in implementing education and safe spaces in schools. The infrastructure aspect is vital in protecting the school community as an environmental management that ensures the safety of the entire school community against the threat of disaster. This research aims to analyze the preparedness of elementary school infrastructure in Selo District, Boyolali Regency, against the Mount Merapi eruption disaster. The school structure preparedness assessment uses four indicators: structural, architectural, furniture and contents, and other supporting equipment: collection techniques using surveys, observation, interviews, and documentation. The research objects are 12 elementary schools located on the slopes of Mount Merapi in Selo District. The research results show that the preparedness of all schools’ structural indicators is in the high category; in architectural hands, there are eight schools in the high class and four schools in the medium type. Regarding furniture and contents, all schools are in the medium category.
Identification of lava presence on Anak Krakatau volcano using normalized hotspot index before a flank collapse in 2018
Authors: Ramadhani N F , Jumadi J.
Published: March 2024

On December 22, 2018, a catastrophic tsunami struck Anyer Beach in Banten, Indonesia, resulting in numerous casualties and extensive damage to the region. A flank collapse in the southwest sector of Anak Krakatau primarily triggered this tsunami. Intense eruptions and subsequent lava discharges precipitated this collapse. Indonesia’s Vulcanology Geological Hazard Mitigation Center has reported heightened activity at this location since June 2018. Comprehensive field studies, bolstered by remote sensing data, have been pivotal in enhancing our understanding of the behavior of Anak Krakatau over recent years. This research strives to pinpoint lava’s presence in Anak Krakatau during its eruptions. The methodologies employed include the Normalized Hotspot Index (NHI) transformation index combined with the SWIR-1 and SWIR-2 channels of the Landsat 8 OLI imagery. The goal is to elucidate the intense lava flow patterns associated with the flank collapse. Our findings indicate that the NHI can detect elevated lava flow activity in Anak Krakatau. Within the 13 datasets from 2018, lava flow was discerned on seven occasions between July 29 and December 20, predominantly directed towards the southwest sector of the volcano.
The utilization of remote sensing to monitor the spatio-temporal covid-19 outbreak in Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Priyati Agnes , Saputra Aditya , Anna Alif Noor
Published: March 2024

The coronavirus cluster was first discovered in a wet market in Wuhan, China on December 31 2019 to be exact. The Covid-19 virus or in medical terms it is called the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) spread so fast that it was recorded in June 2021 the Covid-19 virus has infected 178 million worldwide with 3.9 million confirmed deaths. The Covid-19 virus was detected for the first time entering Indonesia on March 2 2020. Spatiotemporal studies are important to do to provide insight into how a pandemic occurs and develops. This study aims to examine Covid-19 spatio-temporally from 2020-2021, calculate the number of victims and calculate the CFR value of Covid-19 in 2020-2021 in DKI Jakarta. The results of this study indicate that the number of positive victims of the Covid-19 virus has continued to increase from April 2020 to December 2021. Meanwhile, the case fatality rate has continued to decline since the beginning of the pandemic until December 2021.
Relationship of knowledge to preparedness students in disaster prone areas of Merapi Mountain eruption (Case study of SMA Negeri 1 Cangkringan)
Authors: Aisa Widya Nur , Wardhani Puspita Indra , Hafida Siti Hadiyati Nur
Published: March 2024

Students should know about preparedness regarding volcanic eruption disasters who live in disaster-prone areas (KRB). This knowledge was obtained by students from disaster mitigation education provided by teachers during learning at school. This study aims to determine the level of knowledge and preparedness of Cangkringan 1 Public High School students who live in disaster-prone areas of the Merapi Volcano eruption and the relationship between knowledge level and preparedness of Cangkringan 1 Public High School students who live in disaster-prone areas of the Merapi Volcano eruption. The data obtained in this study are quantitative data obtained through the filling out a questionnaire by respondents, namely students of SMA Negeri 1 Cangkringan. The research results confirm that: 1). The level of knowledge of students at SMA Negeri 1 Cangkringan regarding volcanic eruptions is included in the good category with a score of 88%. 2) The level of preparedness of Cangkringan 1 Public High School students regarding volcanic eruptions shows good results, or it can be said that students are in a state of readiness with an acquisition percentage of 80%. 3) The correlation, or relationship, between student knowledge and student preparedness results shows positive results with a correlation of 0.424. The results showed a relationship between student knowledge and Cangkringan 1 Public High School students’ preparedness for facing the Merapi Volcano eruption.
Determination of groundwater potential using geoelectricity in Tanah Bumbu, South Kalimantan
Authors: Wibawa Satria Ady , Sasmi Annisa Trisnia
Published: March 2024

This survey was conducted to determine the distribution of groundwater in the Tanabumbu area of South Kalimantan. In this study, we aim to obtain the resistivity of soil layers using the Wenner geoelectric method and his one-pass, two-point dipole-dipole configuration. Field survey data were processed using RES2DINV software. Measurement data results are available in the form of 2D resistivity cross visualizations that are analyzed to determine groundwater distribution. In addition, we performed a comparative analysis of the accuracy of geoelectric measurement results using the results of data with different configurations. Based on the results of geoelectric measurements, we are able to find the aquifer location related to a high probability of groundwater.
Spatial analysis of labor in the brass crafts industry for study non-natural disaster mitigation in Cepogo District, Boyolali
Authors: Pratama R A , Arijuddin B I , Ariseno I A
Published: March 2024

Socio-economic activities such as the handicraft industry have a probability of non-natural disasters such as the Covid-19 pandemic. Workers in the brass handicraft industry have group activities that trigger the transmission of Covid-19 or other non-natural disasters. The brass handicraft industry has developed rapidly in Cepogo District, Boyolali Regency. The purpose of this study is to map the distribution of labor to industrial locations where there is human movement and activity in relation to non-natural disasters. The research method is in the form of field surveys and interviews to determine the socio-economic characteristics of the industrial workforce and the movement of their economic activities. The results of this study indicate that the workforce can be classified based on age, education, and domicile to analyze spatial movements and opportunities for the spread of the Covid-19 disease as non-natural disasters. The spatial pattern of the distribution of domiciles varies greatly, but the movements are concentrated so that the spread of the disease follows this pattern.
Designing effective educational storymaps for flood disaster mitigation in the Ciliwung River Basin: An empirical study
Authors: A’rachman Fauzi Ramadhoan , Setiawan Cahyadi , Hardi Ode Sofyan , Insani Nailul , Alicia Rachel Natasya , Fitriani Dian , Hafizh Ahmad Rivaldy , Alhadin Muhammad , Mozzata Alifanniya Najwa
Published: March 2024

Flood disasters, notably in the Ciliwung River Basin, Indonesia, pose grave challenges to urban communities. The recurrent nature of these floods accentuates the importance of holistic educational resources to bolster community resilience and lessen flood risks. This study endeavors to assess the efficacy of StoryMaps—a digital platform fusing geographic information with narrative—as an instrument for flood disaster education in the Ciliwung Basin. Recognized for its interactive and immersive nature, StoryMaps transforms intricate disaster management data into digestible, interactive modules for the public. The research methodology encompasses an exhaustive literature review, offering insights into optimal StoryMaps design and its educational role in disaster mitigation. Subsequent content analysis of pertinent StoryMaps identifies effective design elements, shaping the prototype tailored to the Ciliwung milieu. This prototype amalgamates regional geospatial data with educational narratives on robust flood mitigation measures, undergoing rigorous expert evaluation and usability tests. Academically, the study augments the existing discourse on digital tools in disaster education, presenting a pertinent StoryMaps case study. Practically, it equips local stakeholders with a potent tool to counter flood threats and fortify resilience. Summarily, this research underscores the transformative capacity of geospatial tools and interactive narratives in democratizing vital disaster knowledge, thus catalyzing community involvement in disaster management.
Safety factor investigation based on finite element analysis in basement design using bamboo soil nailing
Authors: Yanto Fendi Hary
Published: March 2024

The use of retaining walls for basements in buildings generally uses the retaining wall that utilizes the weight of the wall itself as reinforcement because the reinforcement is carried out only on the soil’s surface. Using steel in soil nailing construction that is too large can result in the availability of steel running out, considering that steel is a non-renewable material. The soil nailing method in this paper uses bamboo as nails. The method used in this paper is the analytical method. Data bamboo material from the tests carried out in the Laboratory Building Materials Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta. While material data soil obtained from tests carried out at the Soil Mechanics Laboratory Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. The analytical model is a basement excavation 10 m deep and 20 m wide. Finite element analysis calculations using the Plaxis 8.2 program on retaining walls. The analysis stages at each excavation depth of 2 m. The model obtained that the safety factor value is 4.271; this value is greater than the required safety factor value, namely FS 2, which indicates that soil stability achieve. The analysis results also obtained the achievement of soil stability at each stage of the research. There was no collapse of the bamboo during the analysis stage. The discussion results found that bamboo substitutes steel in soil nailing reinforcement as a retaining wall in basement construction.
General hospital preparedness in facing flood disasters
Authors: Purba Ivan Elisabeth , Syah Tengku Dedy , Ketaren Otniel , Tarigan Frida Lina
Published: March 2024

Hospitals had a very important function in disaster management, especially in providing health services to reduce the suffering of disaster victims in the form of deceases and injuries. Hospital preparedness in facing disasters was contained in the Hospital Disaster Plan which was prepared based on the Safe Hospital Framework [1], and the Hospital Safety Index[2]. The purpose of this study was to analyze the preparedness of Aceh Tamiang General Hospital in facing flood disasters from 4 (four) aspects or evaluation modules namely, Hazard Affecting, Structural Safety, Non-Structural Safety, Emergency and Disaster Management, specifically analyzing the aspect of “Emergency and Disaster Management” according to the research focus namely, hospital policies, human resources preparedness and hospital infrastructure readiness in facing flood disasters. The research methodology was qualitative with a phenomenological design by 7 (seven) informants. The results of the study showed that the policies of the hospital leadership had been good, with the existence of a Leadership Decree concerning the Formation of a Hospital Disaster Management Team, since 2019 ago. However, there were still hospital personnel who did not know about the organizational structures, goals and functions as team members. Many hospital health workers could not go to work because their homes and access to the hospital were flooded. Besides that, hospital infrastructure, especially motorized vehicles such as ambulances and other operational vehicles, could not operate due to flood conditions that reached up to 1 meter. Therefore it was suggested that the socialization of the Disaster Management Team and Disaster Management Simulation should be carried out periodically, for example, twice a year. It should be suggested that the hospital proposed procuring an ambulance with certain specifications and a rescue boat, so that it could break through the floods that occur almost every year.
Vertical control framework with levelling method as the based for detailed mapping in UNS Campus of Pabelan
Authors: Waluyo  , Kurniawan H.T. , Noviansyah W. , Saputro I. N.
Published: March 2024

Detail maps are one of the outputs created by measuring soil and mapping the topography of the earth’s surface on a huge scale. Preliminary steps must be completed, including the creation of fundamental mapping framework points that are evenly scattered across the area to be mapped. The goal of this study is to construct a vertical control framework and determine the accuracy of vertical control frameworks basic outline points in the form of polygons, measuring, processing data, displaying in the form of different height images and verifying their accuracy, and assessing the findings comprise the implementation technique. Vertical Control Framework measurement employs the chain levelling method and a levelling measuring tool. The results of the data analysis obtained a high difference of 8 mm in the results of the point before the correction, so the calculation of the height of the point after correction so that the height of the point equals zero in order to meet the feasibility as the basic framework of detail mapping and can be used for further measurements. The implications of the vertical control framework are utilized as a guide to generate a detail map.
Community adaptive capacity in facing landslide disaster
Authors: Wijayanti Pipit , Zamani Muhammad Zaki , Osza Afzal Ade
Published: March 2024

Tawangmangu District is located on the slopes of Mount Lawu, with most of its area being at an altitude of +- 1200m above sea level. Tawangmangu District has an uneven slope, and the eastern region has a +- 40% slope. This resulted in the area in Tawangmangu District frequently experiencing landslides. Data from the Karanganyar Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) for 2022 shows more than 11 landslides. The resulting impacts are different but certainly result in morphological changes in the Tawangmangu District according to the type of landslide that occurred. Living in areas with a high risk of landslides is challenging for the community, so people must adapt to a vulnerable environment. This study aims to analyze the adaptive capacity of the community against landslides. The study area covers ten villages in the Tawangmangu District. The study area covers seven villages. The evaluation uses a quantitative descriptive method based on human, social, natural, physical, and financial factors. The results obtained show that there are variations in the adaptive capacity of the community, which depend on the intensity of exposure.
Analysis of built-up land development in the center of Boyolali District, Indonesia in 2009 and 2019
Authors: Dzuriyat M. M. S. , Wibowo A. A. , Nurwijayanti A.
Published: March 2024

Built-up land development will continue to increase over time. Population growth and regional spatial plans are examples of several factors that influence the process of implementing built-up land development in an area. Boyolali Sub-district became an area with rapid development of built-up land that occurred between 2009 and 2019. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the area of land that experienced development and to determine the distribution of the development of undeveloped land into built-up land. This study used satellite imagery in 2009 and 2019 of Boyolali. Those images are interpreted and digitized, resulting in two maps of built-up land of Boyolali Sub-district in 2009 and 2019. The change of undeveloped land into built-up land is not only centered in one place but spread across all areas of the Boyolali Sub-district. The results of this study show that the area of built-up land in Boyolali District increased from 2009 to 2019. The change of undeveloped land into built-up land in Boyolali District was 62.59 ha (625,900 m2) within 10 years.
The potential of dark septate endhophyte fungus from white jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser)
Authors: Putri K P , S W Budi R. , Sudrajat D J , Surono  , Widyani N , Yuniarti N
Published: March 2024

Endophytic fungi are one of the forest microbes that can be solutions for increasing the resistance of forest plants to environmental stress. Exploration and collection of endophytic fungi from the forest is important because the condition of the forest as a natural habitat for microbes has been disturbed due to degradation and deforestation. A potential plant species for forest and land rehabilitation is white jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser). The research objective was to isolate and characterize endophytic fungi and to obtain the dark septate endhophyte from the roots of the white jabon which have the potential to increase plant growth. The fungus was isolated by surface sterilization method and then characterized and identified morphologically. Pathogenicity test was carried out to determine the pathogenicity of the fungus. The results of the study found ten isolates. Most of the isolated fungi showed sterile mycelia with septate hyphae, so they were not identified morphologically. The isolate of CPGS 3 isolates probably belonged to the genus Aureobasidium sp. CPGS 3, CPKR 6, and CPPS 11 isolates are candidates for dark septate endophyte fungi which have the potential to promote plant growth and not become pathogens in chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa).
Agroforestry of bamboo in Tana Toraja, Indonesia (a way combining plants inherited from ancestors)
Authors: Allo M K , Loppies J E , Rosniati  , Ramlah S
Published: March 2024

Bamboo plants are known as “renewable resources” and have high abundance, high biomass production that have economic and ecological value. Tana Toraja Regency is one of the tourist destinations in Indonesia which has culture that is very familiar with bamboo. There is the highest variety of bamboo species both common and endemic, that is supported by nature. Bamboo plant in an intercropping system with agricultural, forestry and plantation crops. The agroforestry system has long developed, that is a way of planting the ancestors. The structure of agroforestry stands with species of agricultural and plantation crops, by using descriptive methods, namely timber trees 22.2%, bamboo clumps 11%, plantation trees 37% and medicinal trees or vegetable 29.8%. A high proportion of timber trees and plant structure density were formed, consisting of 42 plant species divided into 4 strata. The density level (K) of Petung bamboo reaches 10-20 clump per hectare, which is below that of Tallang bamboo. The association within stand structure namely bamboo, sugar palm, uru and suren. Based on the structure for the further development of bamboo shoots, it is necessary to regulate the spacing between plants to achieve a balance in increasing the yield of commodity.
Ex situ genetic conservation of Gonystylus bancanus (Miq.) Kurz in PT. Arara Abadi, Riau, Sumatra
Authors: Haryjanto L , Putri A I , Herawan T , Kartikawati N K , Nirsatmanto A , Sunarti S , Lestari F , Rimbawanto A , Prastyono  , Fauzi M A , Priatna D , Herdyantara B , Suharyanto  , Wahno I
Published: March 2024

Ex situ genetic conservation refers to the conservation of species outside their natural habitats. In the case of Gonystylus bancanus (Miq.) Kurz, an endangered species listed on CITES Appendix II and the IUCN Red List as Critically Endangered, ex situ conservation effort has been undertaken by PT. Arara Abadi in Riau, Sumatra collaboration with the Centre for Forest Biotechnology and Tree Improvement Agency. This initiative aimed to preserve the genetic diversity of G. bancanus and ensure long-term survival by reducing the risk of extinction caused by habitat loss and other threats., Genetic material from G. bancanus populations in Sumatra and Central Kalimantan was collected during 2012 to 2016. The ex situ genetic conservation was established in PT. Arara Abadi, a private forest company. Each population was planted in two sites and each plot initially consisted of 456-546 plants covering an area of 1-1.3 hectares. After three years, the G. bancanus in ex situ conservation plot exhibited better growth in open areas than shaded ones, highlighting the species’ preference for exposed environments. The successful growth up to three-year-old plants demonstrates the effectiveness of ex situ conservation efforts of the G. bancanus and suggests the potential for future reintroduction or restoration programs.
Species composition and mangrove forest structure in Buano Island, Moluccas
Authors: Salampessy M L , Nugroho B , Kartodiharjo H , Kusmana C
Published: March 2024

Mangrove forests are protected areas that play an important role for coastal communities on small islands. This study aims to convey data and information about the structure and composition of mangrove species on Buano Island. The Importance Value Index (INP) obtained from vegetation analysis is used as an indicator to describe the composition and structure of mangrove forests. The plot-assisted path method is used in vegetation analysis. 9 illustrative paths with a width of 200 m were created which were divided into 9 segments, there were 54 plots to obtain data and types of mangroves. The research results showed that there were 12 types of mangrove trees and forest regeneration (Heritiera littoralis, Rhizopora Mucronata, Rhizopora stylosa, Rhizopora apiculata, Ceriops Tagal, Sonneratia alba, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Lumnitzera racemose, Aegiceras corniculatum, Deriss trifoliata, Nypa fruticans, Xylocarpus granatum). The dominant species is R. mucronata. The vegetation structure at both locations also has a similar pattern the same, where the vertical structure has 2 layers/stratum of trees and both are dominated by trees with a height of 6-10 meters. Meanwhile, for the horizontal structure, the distribution of diameter classes at both locations is even, marked by a graph that forms an L curve.
The abundance of soil mesofauna and macrofauna at different altitudes in Mount Gede Pangrango National Park
Authors: Wasis B , Fatimah G , Winata B
Published: March 2024

Soil fauna is important in the breakdown of organic matter for soil fertility. Various environmental factors, including edaphic, climatic factors, and overlying vegetation, influence the abundance of soil fauna. This study aims to analyze the abundance of soil fauna at different altitudes and the influence of the environment on it. The research was conducted at three different altitudes, namely 1,550 m asl, 1,650 m asl, 1,750 m asl, and in open land (1,200 m asl). The LSD test results showed that the abundance of soil fauna significantly differed between the altitude of 1,650 m asl and open land. In comparison, the abundance of soil fauna at the 1,550 m asl and 1,750 m asl was not significantly different at the 95% confidence interval. The results of the correlation analysis show that the climatic factors of light intensity and air temperature are negatively correlated. In contrast, air humidity positively correlates with the abundance of soil fauna. Factors strongly correlated with abundance are litter wet weight and soil pH.
The influence of branding on tourist interest in Petengoran Mangrove Ecotourism
Authors: Widyaputri W , Qurniati R , Firdasari
Published: March 2024

Products in the form of services, such as ecotourism, rarely create branding for their business. As branding is important to increase tourist interest to visit, this research aims to identify the branding activities carried out by the manager and analyse the branding of Petengoran Mangrove Ecotourism in relation to the interest of tourists visiting. Data collection was through interviews with two key informants and questionnaires distributed to 80 tourists from December 2022-January 2023. The analytical methods used were descriptive qualitative and Structural Equation Modeling with the Partial Least Square methods. Based on research, the ecotourism manager created the brand using a logo and social media to disseminate information about Petengoran Mangrove Ecotourism. The three variables used to explain branding in this study, namely brand personality, brand positioning, and brand relationship, show a positive and significant effect on tourist interests. However, several indicators included in the three variables, such as sincerity, excitement, competence, sophistication in brand personality variables, uniqueness in brand positioning, and commitment in brand relationship, have no effect and must be improved to increase tourist interest in Petengoran Mangrove Ecotourism.
Assessing vulnerability of peat fire in the Indonesian Peat Hydrological Unit (PHU) areas
Authors: Ramadhi A , Maulana J , Prakoso A
Published: March 2024

Prevention of fires in peatlands must be based on a holistic landscape approach in the Peat Hydrological Unit (PHU), which involves mapping the areas vulnerable to peat fires. This study employed regression modeling, incorporating land cover, soil (peatland), concession area, and tree cover loss, which were linked to hotspots verified by burnt areas derived from datasets obtained from 2015 to 2019. The results of this study in Indonesian PHUs showed that 3.8 million hectares were vulnerable in the high-class area, 12.6 million hectares in the medium-class area, and 7.7 million hectares in the low-class area. The PHU of the Kahayan River-Sebangau River in Central Kalimantan Province was the largest area with high vulnerability to fires (covering an area of 190 thousand hectares). This model was verified using the fire hotspot approach; out of 38 fire spots that occurred from January to June 2023, 33 locations (86.84%) were detected according to the predicted vulnerability of the peat fires category (high and medium class).
Hotspot and rainfall analysis in Bombana District, Southeast Sulawesi Province
Authors: Nurhayati A D , Zahrin T V A
Published: March 2024

Forest and land fires are starting to occur in eastern Indonesia, such as Southeast Sulawesi, frequently. Bombana District is one of the areas in Southeast Sulawesi Province with the highest total hotspots in the last decade. This study aimed to analyze the trend of hotspot distribution and its relationship with rainfall in the 2012 – 2021 period in Bombana District, Southeast Sulawesi Province. The sources used in this study were hotspot data from MODIS Terra/Aqua satellite imagery and rainfall data from the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) Power, which were analyzed using descriptive and regression analysis. The results showed that the total hotspots and rainfall in Bombana District between 2012 and 2021 fluctuated. The highest hotspot peak occurred in 2015, with 343 points. The hotspots and rainfall were significantly correlated, where rainfall greatly influenced the total of hotspots by 64% in 2012–2021.
Variation among family of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre for oil content and seedling growth
Authors: Krisnawati  , Leksono B , Adinugraha H A , Hasnah T M , Baral H
Published: March 2024

Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre is a multipurpose tree species that produces non-edible seeds. Pongamia oil has been recognized as a viable source of oil for the burgeoning biofuel industry. The economic feasibility of Pongamia depends on the oil content of the seed. Meanwhile, information on variation among families (parent tree) of seedlings grown is also necessary to increase plant productivity besides the oil content. This study aims to determine the variation among families of Pongamia oil content and seedling growth (generative and vegetative propagation). The seeds were analysed using 48 families for oil content analysis by solvent extraction, 50 families for seedling growth analysis (generative), and 19 families for vegetative. The result showed a significant variation in crude oil content among the families. Oil production varied from 26.61 to 44.68%. Variations among families were also found in seedling growth performance for both generative and vegetative propagation, with an average survival rate up to 75%. The information is essential for the tree improvement program to produce genetically improved seeds of Pongamia for biofuel and land restoration in Indonesia.
Study of the types and feasibility of the rattan industry for the sustainability of non-timber forest products in North Sumatra
Authors: Latifah S , Yonariza  , Purwanto  , Codilan A. , Darwo  , Syahputra O H , Rambe A N A
Published: March 2024

Rattan has significant value in the craft creative industry because of the various benefits associated with its use as a raw material for various handicraft products. This research was conducted to determine the types and sources of raw materials, the types of processed products produced, and the types of processed products, and to determine the business feasibility and income of the rattan industry. The results showed that five types of rattan were used, namely Calamus manau, Calamus scipionum, Calamus caesius, Daemonorops angustifolia, and baliong rattan. The results of the study show that the average income in 2022 obtained by Small and Medium Enterprises (UKM) Mulia Rattan, Sibayak Rattan, Pancur Simalem Rattan, Sejahtera Rattan, and Rattan Aat respectively was 197,990,800, IDR; 13,510,789, IDR; 141,029,989 IDR; 134,029,989 IDR and 228,294,200 IDR. Based on the feasibility analysis, the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of each UKM was 78%, 47%, 69%, 84%, and 95%, respectively. All IRR values are greater than interest rates, which means that UKM activities are feasible to carry out. BCR for each business is 1.23; 1.29; 1.64; 1.31. All Small and Medium Enterprises are said to be feasible because of BCR>1.
A Deep Learning Approach to Classification Pneumonia in Thorax Images
Authors: Rodríguez Eugenia Arrieta , Naar Agustin , Gamarra Margarita
Published: March 2024

An algorithm of automatic learning was developed. That is abke to identify radiographic images with a pneumonia and not pneumonia diagnose based on a data set published in the “Kaggle” platform by the Radiological Society of North America, from which we obtained a set of specific images with their labels that were divided by 70% to train a convolutional neuronal network model consisting of two convolutional layers for the extraction of characteristics in each image, and ends with a classification stage in the training of the model, to conclude with 74% in metrics of accuracy given by test tests with 30% of the data set.
Characteristics in the Fourier spectrum of images associated with discontinuities such as cracks and fissures in concrete structures.
Authors: Sandoval-Rodriguez C L , Tarazona-Romero B E , Lengerke O , Rincon Quintero A D , Jaimes-Quintero K T
Published: March 2024

Increasing An algorithm is developed to identify differences between concrete slabs with some type of Crack and Fissure discontinuity. The Fourier transform is used as a basis. Different types of fil-ters were evaluated within the image processing algorithm, in order to adapt favorably to the discontinuity detection process, allowing the image data to be read in the frequency domain, generating a figure of merit to compare the image. where there are no discontinuities and those that have some alteration in their structure.
Modeling of a solar thermal system as a power supply alternative for a resistor water distillation system using TRNSYS
Authors: Tarazona-Romero B. E. , Ascanio-Villabona J. G. , Quintero-Ruiz A. D. , Sandoval-Rodriguez C. L. , Duran-Sarmiento M. D.
Published: March 2024

The sizing of a solar thermal system to feed the water distillers in the laboratory of the Santander Technological Units is presented, proposing a comparative study between three calculation methods (f-chart, instantaneous and ACSOL) for the estimation of the surface of solar capture, finally supported by modeling in the TRNSYS software of the final system, to evaluate its behavior dynamically during one year. Initially, a search for information is carried out to establish the models to develop each of the calculation methods, additionally technical data is collected from the laboratory equipment to determine the consumption of hot water. Subsequently, each of the calculation methods is applied in order to size the catchment surface, to finally carry out a comparative study between the results obtained, determining which is the most appropriate method for the calculation and defining the dimensions of the same, to develop a modeling of the dynamic behavior of the system through the TRNSYS Software. The final result presents a storage system with an average temperature of 62.13 ° C and solar collectors with an average temperature of 58.7 ° C for one year of operation. Finally, the operating time of the resistive stills is reduced from 11 hours a day to 6 hours with the integration of the Thermosolar system.
Evaluation of technological tendencies in the carbon capture process: a review.
Authors: Tarazona-Romero B. E. , Castillo-Leon N. Y. , Rodriguez-Nieves A. J. , Quizena-Fernandez Y. P. , Villabona-Niño Y. C. , Forero-Caceres O.
Published: March 2024

This paper evaluates the technological trends in the carbon sequestration process. For this purpose, these systems have been classified into two subsystems: conventional technologies subsystem and emerging technologies subsystem. Each is explored for its suitability for meeting a set of six attributes. A bibliometric analysis process was developed using the Scopus database and VOSviewer Software to present the potential of each subsystem evaluated, through an evaluation matrix. The analysis of the subsystems and attributes was performed through the formal concept analysis methodology (8FCA). To facilitate the processing of the information, the open access software concept Explorer was used. The analysis shows that conventional technologies, despite their cost, will be maintained and advance in their implementation process. The bibliometric analysis integrated with the applied FCA methodology has proven to be useful for the evaluation of technological typologies and serves as an alternative to develop theoretical studies that group and link different options as a model to evaluate a deterministic set of attributes.
Changes in maerl-associated macroalgal community dynamics as evidence of anthropogenic pressure
Authors: Helias Mathieu , Grall Jacques , Jardim Victor L , Toumi Chirine , Burel Thomas
Published: March 2024

Background and Aims

Maerl-associated communities have received considerable attention due to their uniqueness, biodiversity and functional importance. Although the impacts of human activities are well documented for maerl-associated macrofauna, the spatio-temporal variations of macroalgae have comparatively been neglected, and the drivers that influence their dynamics are poorly known. We investigate the links between maerl-associated macroalgal communities, anthropogenic pressures and environmental conditions, and hypothesize that sites under human pressure would exhibit different dynamics when compared to reference sites.

Methods

To better understand community variation through space and time, four subtidal maerl beds under different pressures were consistently monitored over one year in the bay of Brest, Brittany, France. Both macroalgae community monitoring and environmental data were acquired through field sampling and available models.

Key Results

Higher macroalgal biomass was observed within eutrophic sites, especially in summer (more than ten times higher than in the Unimpacted site), caused by free-living forms of opportunistic red macroalgae. The Dredged site also exhibited distinct macroalgal communities during summer from the Unimpacted site. Nutrient concentrations and seasonality proved to be key factors affecting the macroalgal community composition, although dredging and its effects on granulometry also had a strong influence. Over the long term, fewer than half of the species identified during historical surveys were found, indicating major temporal changes.

Conclusions

Human pressures have strong impacts on maerl-associated macroalgal communities. Nutrient concentrations and dredging pressure appear as the main anthropogenic factors shaping maerl-associated macroalgal communities. Additionally, our results suggest historical changes in maerl-associated macroalgal communities over 25 years in response to changes in local human pressure management. This study suggests that maerl-associated macroalgal communities could be used as indicators of anthropogenically driven changes in this habitat.
Botulinum Toxin Injection Technique for Reducing the Masseter Size and Enhancing the Jawline
Authors: Zhuang Jun , Jiang Liya , Zhou Yuejie , Wang Cheng , Chen Yi , Su Xueshang , Wei Qingqian , Zhang Ziming , Hu Jintian
Published: March 2024

Background

The injection of botulinum toxin into the masseter muscle is an important method for improving hypertrophy. However, some patients may experience adverse reactions, such as sagging of the lower jaw. Therefore, we proposed a method of injecting botulinum toxin into the masseter and platysma muscles that would reduce masseter size and enhance the jawline.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to reduce the masseter size while enhancing the jawline.

Methods

Twenty patients received botulinum toxin injections into the masseter and platysma muscles. Pain levels were evaluated with the visual analog scale. All patients were photographed before and 6 months after treatment. Evaluations were performed based on standardized criteria. The lift index, reduction index, and symmetry index were performed to assess the degree of jawline elevation, masseter size reduction, and jawline symmetry before and after treatment.

Results

The mean visual analog scale score of the 20 patients was 2.80 (±1.24). The mean lift index score decreased from 4.93 (±0.34) to 4.53 (±0.37), P < .05. The mean reduction index score decreased from 3.13 (±0.27) to 2.74 (±0.27), P < .05. The mean symmetry index score changed from 0.0393 (±0.0296) to 0.0257 (±0.0246), P < .05.

Conclusions

Botulinum toxin injections into the masseter and platysma muscles through nerve block reduced the masseter size, elevated the jawline, and improved symmetry.

Level of Evidence: 4
O189: Exploring the polyclonal origins of intestinal tumours
Authors: Sadien Iannish , Lourenco Filipe , Adler Sam , Kemp Richard , Winton Doug
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Some reports have shown that a proportion of intestinal tumours in the human colorectal cancer (CRC) predisposition syndrome Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) may have a multi-ancestral structure, challenging the widely-held monoclonal theory of tumour initiation. The nature of these polyclonal tumours and the reasons for their existence have not yet been elucidated.

Methods

Intestinal tumorigenesis was promoted through chemical mutagenesis in Villin-CreERT2-Apcfl/+ mice containing a multicolour reporter. The clonal status of tumours was determined with confocal microscopy. Targeted cancer driver sequencing was performed to determine if certain driver mutations were associated with monoclonal or polyclonal routes of tumour formation. Finally, transcriptomic analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed pathways.

Results

Confocal imaging reveals that more than 40% of tumours are heterotypic, and therefore polyclonal. Transcriptomic profiling of clones within these tumours demonstrates a non-cell autonomous interplay between Myc and Ras pathways, suggestive of oncogenic cooperation between adjacent clones. Strikingly, sequencing reveals that the nature of the Apc mutation dictates clonal architecture. Using a large publicly available dataset of sporadic CRCs, these mutational differences are confirmed, suggesting a role for differential Wnt activation in tumour initiation.

Conclusions

Taken together, these data suggest that a significant proportion of intestinal tumours arise through clonal cooperation, and that early RAS/MAPK pathway activation may obviate the need for this. Clonal cooperation appears to be at play not just in FAP but also in sporadic CRCs. Uncovering this mechanism may pave the way for therapeutics aimed at reducing tumour burden in patients with FAP.
O95: The role of the complement system in mediating ischaemic cholangiopathy in DCD liver transplantation
Authors: Mahendran Balaji , Connelly Chloe , Tingle Samuel , Gibson Beth , Malik Abdullah , Bates Lucy , Marchbank Kevin , Sheerin Neil , Wilson Colin
Published: March 2024

Background

The discrepancy between available organs and the number of patients on the waiting list have led to an increasing number of donor after circulatory death (DCD) liver grafts being used. DCD liver grafts suffer from a higher risk of ischaemic cholangiopathy, the pathophysiology of which is poorly understood. We hypothesized that the complement system mediates damage to the arterial endothelium, thereby affecting the ability of cholangiocytes to regenerate.

Methods

Livers declined for clinical transplantation were perfused for up to 10 hours with anti-coagulated packed red cells at 37° with or without complement inhibition. Levels of circulating complement components, tissue binding of complement proteins, and organ damage markers were measured.

Results

5 DBD and 5 DCD livers were perfused, and 5 further DCD livers being perfused with eculizumab. C3 production was significantly higher in the untreated DCD cohort compared to DBD livers at 10 hours (52.68 mg/ml vs 8.62 mg/ml, p<0.005). C5b-9 deposition on the arterial endothelium of the portal tracts was significantly higher in the untreated DCD cohort compared to the treated DCD livers (mean 0.9 R.U vs 0.4 R.U, p<0.05). There was a non-significant difference in bile production and composition between the treated DCD and untreated DCD cohort.

Conclusions

There is evidence that the complement system mediates the damage to the arterial endothelium within the portal tracts of the liver. This damage could be ameliorated by complement inhibition. Further work to correlate this findings with clinical outcomes will be required.