bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Làkk ag demokaraasi ci Senegaal
Authors: Seck Mamarame
Published: November 2024

Demokaraasi benn la baat ci yi gën a siiw ci jamono jii ci àdduna bi, rawatina ci Senegaal. Waaye nag, lu bari ci ñi dëkke réew mi, seen xam‐xam ci moomu mbir taxu koo leer lool ndax li baat bi cosaanoo ci réewum Geres. Ñenn ñi jàpp nañu ne baat baa ngi tekki am sañ‐sañu wax lu la soob te dara du la ci fekk: « ci demokaraasi lanu nekk » wala “lii demokaraasi la” lanuy dégg ci nit ñi léeg‐léeg. Ñeneen ñi jàpp ne demokaaraasi mu ngi soxal wéy politig yi ag seen diggante ag nguur gi. “Nanu joxante cër ci sunu diggante nun niy yëngu ci wàllu demokaraasi » wala ‘‘nanu nekk ay demokaraat”. Nu jeexal ag ñi jàpp ne baat baa ngi tekki aw doxalinu réew ci politig, ëmb ay kurel yu deme ni Péncum ndawi réew mi, yeneen pénc yu ni mel, ag ay doxalin yu mel ni sànnil xob ku la neex te dara du la ci fekk. Waaye ndax askan wi nu tànnal demokaaraasi xam nañu dëgg‐dëgg li mu wund ? Ndax mën nanu wax demokaraasi te waxunu askan ag làkk wi nu koy doxale ? Ci gàttal, ndax mënees naa doxal demokaraasi ci làkku jambur ? Li waral sunu kàddu yii mooy wone jafe‐jafe yi nekk ci doxal demokaraasi. Ngir firndeel loolu dinanu sukkandiku ci xeex yi amoon ci Senegaal ci wàllu politig ag tànneefu wéy politig yi jëm ci jëffandikoo séen làkk ci jamonoy xëccoo nguur. Ci noonu lanu fas yéenee joxe sunu xalaat ci taxawaayu làkki réew mi ci askan wi, ci politig, and ci koom ci sunu réew.
Occurrence of atypical Pseudomonas viridiflava strains on different host plants in southern Italy
Authors: Cariddi Corrado , Gerin Donato , Bruno Giovanni Luigi , Angelini Rita Milvia De Miccolis , Faretra Francesco , Pollastro Stefania
Published: November 2024

Since 1997, severe bacterial disease symptoms were observed during surveys carried out in farms with field‐grown Molfettese Catalogna chicory (Cichorium intybus var. sylvestre, Catalogna group), sugarloaf chicory (C. intybus var. porphyreum), curly type lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. crispa) cvs Langero and Aleppo, and safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) located in the Apulia and Basilicata regions of southern Italy. Convex colonies with yellowish mucoid material on hypersucrose medium (5% sucrose nutrient agar), producing fluorescent pigments on King's medium B, were isolated from all symptomatic plants. Based on conventional biochemical and nutritional tests, Biolog assays, and analysis of partial 16S rDNA and rpoB sequences, these atypical fluorescent Pseudomonas isolates were identified as Pseudomonas viridiflava. The pathogenicity of the isolates was ascertained by artificial inoculation on their respective original hosts. The analysis of rpoB gene sequences and RAPD‐PCR profiles showed a high genetic variability among the P. viridiflava isolates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of bacterial diseases on horticultural crops caused by atypical strains of P. viridiflava in Italy and the first report of the bacterium on safflower. In addition, P. viridiflava is reported for the first time as a causal agent of leaf spot on potato (Solanum tuberosum). The economic importance of chicory and curly type lettuce in southern Italy and recent spread of atypical and highly virulent P. viridiflava strains require more extensive and careful phytosanitary surveillance, as well as an adjustment of sustainable crop protection management to cope with this new challenge.
Learning in polycentric governance: Insights from the California Delta science enterprise
Authors: Lubell Mark , Pozzi Tara , Heikkila Tanya , Gerlak Andrea K. , Rittelmeyer Pamela
Published: November 2024

Science is critical for learning and adaptation of policy and governance systems. Increasingly, science is produced in the context of a science enterprise: a complex, polycentric institutional arrangement featuring multiple science forums and actors. The characteristics of these polycentric systems can influence whether and to what extent science supports policy‐relevant learning. Limited research, however, has examined how science enterprises function as polycentric systems and how they can be governed to support learning. Using a survey of actors involved in the science enterprise of the California Delta, we integrate the collective learning framework and ecology of games framework to analyze individual‐ and forum‐level drivers of perceived learning across the adaptive management cycle. The results suggest that social drivers such as leadership, trust, and engagement are most highly correlated with perceived learning. While science enterprise actors often perceive administrative and financial resource limitations, those constraints are less important for learning than social drivers.
Late Ordovician ironstone and its relation to ocean redox instability, climate and glaciation
Authors: Matheson Edward J. , Malone Jackson D. , Pufahl Peir K. , Hiatt Eric E.
Published: November 2024

The Upper Ordovician (Katian) Neda Formation, a phosphatic ironstone, records a widespread but short‐lived shift to ferruginous waters across a vast epicontinental area. Lithofacies and stratigraphic reappraisal indicate that Neda ironstone deposition occurred on a storm‐dominated ramp when coastal upwelling emplaced eutrophic ferruginous waters that mixed with oxygenated surface water. This stimulated primary productivity and precipitated Fe‐(oxyhydr)oxides in the water column that formed phosphorous and iron‐rich mud. Remobilization of iron beneath the seafloor led to the syndepositional authigenic precipitation of P and Fe minerals in the sediment, preferentially coating grains and forming granular ironstone in the top few decimetres of the sediment. The top of the Neda Formation is a pronounced unconformity punctuated by laterite that formed as sea level fell during the Hirnantian Glaciation. The transition from oxygenated to ferruginous conditions that led to ironstone deposition is interpreted to have been caused by an increase in the equator‐to‐pole temperature gradient and concomitant reorganization of thermohaline circulation during the Katian. This intensified upwelling off the Laurentian margin with upwelled waters transported into the midcontinent where ironstone accumulated through the Sebree Trough. The Neda ironstone's deposition coincident with, and potentially caused by, the same drivers as global oceanographic and biotic change during the Late Ordovician both adds greater insight into the major changes in the oceans preceding the Late Ordovician Mass Extinction and Hirnantian Glaciation, and also furthers an emerging model tying ironstone deposition throughout the Phanerozoic to major Earth system events.
The cross‐linguistic uses of proper names
Authors: Mahant Nikhil
Published: November 2024

A distinctive and widely recognized feature of proper names is that, unlike other words, names can be used across languages without modification. Yet, this feature of names—the prevalence and acceptability of their ‘cross‐linguistic’ uses—has been mostly overlooked within philosophy. This article highlights the theoretical importance of the cross‐linguistic uses of names in the debate concerning their syntax and semantics. It identifies an anomalous phonological feature of names in their cross‐linguistic uses and argues that the source of the anomaly is the widespread view that proper names are syntactically simple. It also argues that such uses provide evidence for the syntactic view that the phonological articulation of a name is mentioned and not used in the syntax—a view that is consistent with some but not all semantic views of names. By examining the hitherto overlooked cross‐linguistic uses of names, this article provides new evidence in favour of a certain variety of metalinguistic views concerning the syntax and semantics of names.
The Place Under the Bridge: A photo‐ethnography of a temporary dwelling
Authors: Silverstein Sydney M.
Published: November 2024

This essay uses digital photography to explore the surface assemblage of materials in a temporary dwelling, a sheltered nook under a bridge whose occasional occupants were known to me through their participation in large, federally funded public health study where I worked as a researcher for several years. Through a photographic practice, I attempt to process the differing objectives of public health and anthropological research, and my own transitions between these spaces.
Refinery oily wastewater treatment using PVC/SiO2 ultrafiltration membranes
Authors: Shafaati Erfan , Jafarzadeh Yoones , Etemadi Habib , Hermani Milad
Published: November 2024

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)/SiO2 membranes were prepared and characterized for ultrafiltration of oily wastewater from Tabriz Oil Refinery. The results showed that the addition of SiO2 into the membranes increased the density of surface pores. The contact angle decreased from 78.89° for the PVC membrane to 63.16° for the 0.75% PVC/SiO2 membrane, indicating that the presence of SiO2 resulted in enhancement of hydrophilicity. In addition, the pure water flux of the membranes witnessed an increasing trend with increasing SiO2 content. The mechanical tensile strength of the membranes was enhanced as a result of the reinforcement effect of nanoparticles. The results of filtration revealed that the antifouling properties and rejection of the composite membranes were higher than those of the PVC membrane because of the presence of SiO2. Membrane M3 containing 0.75 wt.% SiO2 nanoparticles exhibited a rejection of 84.19%, a total fouling ratio (TFR) value of 31.7% and an irreversible fouling ratio (IFR) value of 6.4%. In general, PVC/SiO2 membranes exhibited acceptable performance and can be tested for separation applications.
Wear Performance Enhancement of Interface Layer in Cold Metal Transfer-Based WAAM-Fabricated ER4043/ER5356 Bimetallic Wall Through Friction Stir Surface Treatment
Authors: Kesarwani Soni , Yuvaraj Narayana , Niranjan Mahendra Singh
Published: November 2024

The cold metal transfer (CMT)-based wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) technique has limited wear applications compared to other manufacturing methods due to its lower wear resistance. However, integrating friction stir processing (FSP) with WAAM can enhance mechanical or wear performance, making it a promising and reliable manufacturing process for aerospace, automotive, and marine applications. In this work, CMT-WAAM technique has been used to fabricate a bimetallic wall of aluminum alloys (ER4043/ER5356), employing a bidirectional depositional strategy. The impact of FSP on the interface layer of the WAAM wall, serving as a post-processing treatment on the wall's surface, is studied in terms of microstructure and microhardness. Additionally, a pin-on-disk wear test is performed on the interface layer of both WAAM and FSP-treated WAAM walls under loads of 20 N, 30 N, and 40 N. Results from optical and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) microstructures revealed the grain refinement in the stirred zone, with a higher wt% of Mg through Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) analysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) identifies various intermetallic compounds, including Al12Mg17, Al3.21Si0.47, and Mg2Si, with higher peak intensities in the FSP-treated wall. Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) analysis indicates a decrease in the average grain size of the stirred area, which is ∼72.40 µm in the unstirred area and ∼5.57 µm in the stirred area due to the local strain concentration effect during FSP. Grain refinement during FSP leads to an increase in average hardness by 35.9%. The wear-rate and coefficient of friction (COF) get reduced, credited to high-temperature dynamic recrystallization and continuous grain recovery in FSP. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of worn surfaces highlights abrasion, delamination, and adhesion as significant wear mechanisms.
Variable Friction Model Development and Implementation to the Pulling Force Prediction of the Split-Sleeve Cold Expansion Process for Aluminum 2024-T3
Authors: Hossen Md. Saddam , Westrum Jeremiah , Shultz Matthew , Tan Hua , Kim Dave
Published: November 2024

This study aims to improve the accuracy of the pulling force estimation by establishing the variable friction model of the dry-lubricated split sleeve when cold working an aluminum 2024-T3 hole. The variable friction model was empirically obtained from the friction experimental setup simplified from the split-sleeve cold expansion process. The contact-pressure-dependent variable friction model was derived through a systematic design of experiments approach with three different normal stress conditions, namely low normal stress (220 MPa), medium normal stress (440 MPa), and high normal stress (660 MPa), to cover the range of normal stresses occurred in the cold expansion process. A full quadratic response surface model was drawn for the friction coefficient's nonlinear relationship between the mandrel and the lubricated sleeve, depending on the normal stresses. The variable friction model was verified with 3-dimensional friction test finite element (FE) simulations. This FE modeling validates the variable friction model to predict the pulling forces with a sound agreement between the estimated and experimentally obtained values. We conducted split-sleeve cold expansion experiments to obtain the pulling force profile. Two three-dimensional (3D) FE numerical analyses of the same split-sleeve cold expansion process were conducted using the variable friction model and a constant frictional coefficient of 0.05. The pulling force profiles from the FE modeling with the variable friction model closely align with those from the experiments to show the four distinct regions.
Physical Reservoir Computing in a Music Hall Experiment
Authors: Conrad Bradley , Marghitu Dan , Perkins Edmon
Published: November 2024

Music is a complex vibratory structure that evolves temporally and, while it has been studied for centuries, both quantitatively and qualitatively, it has seldom been studied under the lens of computer science and information theory. Further, while much research has been devoted to measuring and optimizing the acoustics of music venues, the computational ability of these spaces has never been explored. Using physical reservoir computing, this article presents an experimental verification that a music hall has computational ability. Two experimental setups are explored: one has a single speaker and information is sent sequentially and another has two speakers and information is sent simultaneously. Both of these exhibit qualitatively similar results. Thus, music might be, at least in part, a computational experience. The findings of this article could provide quantitative clues for the upper limit of tactus in music by considering the computational ability of the music hall. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that a music hall has been utilized as a computational resource. Moreover, the computational ability of musical structures provides another tool to understand the complex relationship between music, vibrations, and human perception.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigation of X60 steel
Authors: Hannachi Raouaa , Biggio Deborah , Elsener Bernhard , Fantauzzi Marzia , Rossi Antonella
Published: November 2024

XPS is used to characterize the surface of commercial X60 pipeline steel after chemical cleaning with a sequence of five solvents and following mechanical polishing. This steel is used as material for pipeline construction aiming to green hydrogen transportation.
“Like a Family”: Coach Perceptions of Wheelchair Sport in Conflict-Affected Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Kirk T.N. , McKay Cathy , Holland Katherine
Published: November 2024

Research suggests that coaches play an important role in facilitating physical, psychological, and social benefits of Parasport participation for disabled athletes. Despite the importance of this role, little is known about the perspectives of Parasport coaches from low- and middle-income countries of ongoing or recent armed conflict in which resources are often scarce. This research explored the experiences and perceptions of wheelchair basketball coaches working in conflict-affected low- and middle-income countries. Ten national-level wheelchair basketball coaches from conflict-affected Middle East and North Africa or South Asia regions participated in semistructured interviews. Study data were analyzed thematically using an interpretive descriptive approach, resulting in three themes. “When I see them improve every day . . . I am content,” described the personal meaning of coaching. “This . . . has changed their life drastically,” pertained to coaches’ perceptions of the impact of wheelchair basketball participation on their players. Finally, Theme 3, “If your basement is weak, it cannot be the foundation for a two-story building,” concerned the need for Parasport resources in conflict-affected low- and middle-income countries. Study findings suggest that while some aspects of the Parasport coaching experience are similar across geographic contexts, additional research and supports are needed to support Parasport development in underresourced contexts.
Two-Stage Surgical Treatment of Combined Lumbar Spine Stenosis in a Professional Football Player
Authors: Dzukaev Dmitriy , Borzenkov Anton , Malyakin Georgiy , Muzyshev Islam , Kuklin Yuri , Reutova Alina , Bezuglov Eduard
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Playing football (American soccer) at the elite level places extremely high demands on the spine. The choice of treatment for lumbar spinal canal stenosis combined with spondylolysis and anterolisthesis is challenging for surgeons, physicians, and clinicians. Case Presentation: A 28-year-old elite football player from the leading Russian football club is the focus of this case study. Patient complained of constant low back pain radiating to the posterior surface of the right thigh and limited mobility in the lumbar spine. Diagnosis: The patient was diagnosed with degenerative stenosis of the spinal canal at the L5 to S1 level, L4 to L5 disc herniation, spondylolysis, and anterolisthesis of L5 vertebra. Management and Outcomes: Two-stage surgery of combined lumbar spine pathology was performed in May 2021. The first stage of surgical treatment included the spinal and foraminal canals decompression at the L4 to L5 and L5 to S1 levels, as well as posterior fusion with rigid pedicle screws. The second stage involved the subsequent replacement of the rigid to dynamic semirigid rods as signs of the bone defect healing appeared. The athlete returned to team training 6 months after the first stage of surgery and was able to play football at the elite level without restrictions 1 year after the first stage and just 30 days following the second stage of surgical treatment. The athlete continues his career as of the last manuscript’s revision. Conclusions: This method holds potential as an effective approach in the treatment of combined lumbar spine pathology among elite athletes.
Bibliometric Analysis of Studies on The Rehabilitation of Disabled Athletes Through Visual Mapping
Authors: Yildiz Muhammed
Published: November 2024

Context: The rehabilitation of disabled athletes is a critical area of research aimed at improving athletes’ performance and well-being. This bibliometric analysis examines scientific studies related to the rehabilitation of disabled athletes, focusing on trends, authors, publications and interdisciplinary collaborations. Objective: This study seeks to provide quantitative and qualitative insights into the trends, interdisciplinary collaborations, and significant contributions in the rehabilitation of disabled athletes. Design: Bibliometric analysis of 660 scientific publications related to the rehabilitation of disabled athletes, from 1975 to 2023. Setting: The analysis reveals that research in this field is multidisciplinary, encompassing sports, medicine, rehabilitation and education. Studies focused on disabled athletes and their rehabilitation. Intervention: Rehabilitation plays a vital role in disabled athletes’ lives, aiding in injury recovery and enhancing overall health and performance. Results: The United States leads in research output. Collaborative networks among authors are evident, indicating joint research efforts. Identification of research trends, prominent authors  Bartosz Molik and Natalia Morgulec-Adamowicz), collaborative networks and common keywords (e.g., adaptive sports, disability, rehabilitation). Keywords such as adaptive sports, disability and rehabilitation are frequently mentioned, reflecting the focus of research. Conclusions: The rehabilitation of disabled athletes is a growing field with significant contributions from researchers worldwide. Collaborative efforts and interdisciplinary approaches are essential for advancing knowledge and improving the lives of disabled athletes.
Genome report of
Peribacillus simplex
strain IMGN9 isolated from soil
Authors: Yoon Hyeonsik , Lee Jaeyeon , Kim Yeongjun , Han Jeong A. , Lee Ho-Seok , Kim Eun Yu
Published: November 2024

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Peribacillus simplex
IMGN9, a bacterium renowned for its biocontrol activity, plant-growth-promoting properties, and bioremediation potential. This study aims at the potential utilization of the bacterium and its mechanisms, thus attempting to improve our understanding of biocontrol and bioremediation.
Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and subsequent kidney injury requiring dialysis after a second-trimester dilation and evacuation procedure
Authors: Darivemula Shilpa Melanie , Block Clay , Luthra Gauri , Paris Amy
Published: November 2024

A primigravida in her 20s with a body mass index of 18 underwent dilation and evacuation at 22 and 4 weeks gestational age to manage an intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD) that had occurred 14 days ago. Hypoxaemia and vaginal bleeding developed 90 min postprocedure. Investigations demonstrated changes compatible with acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to disseminated intravascular coagulopathy which was managed with intubation, mechanical ventilation and transfusion of blood products. Although the coagulopathy and respiratory failure resolved, severe acute kidney injury ensued resulting in acute tubular necrosis, severe labial oedema and the need for prolonged support with haemodialysis until kidney recovery 7 weeks later.
Splenic artery aneurysm and infarction during pregnancy from infective endocarditis
Authors: Bhukya Divya , Naik Parvathi , Ramachandran Madhan , Raja Kalayarasan , Munuswamy Hemachandren , Ganesh Rajesh Nachiappa , Pillai Ajith Ananthakrishna , Maurya Dilip Kumar , Keepanasseril Anish
Published: November 2024

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) remains the leading cardiac problem affecting pregnant women, especially in low- to middle-income countries. In nearly one-third of the cases, it is detected during pregnancy when they present with complications. Infective endocarditis (IE) in pregnancy is rare, with an incidence of 1 in 100 000 pregnancies, and carries high maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Embolisation of the infective vegetation can lead to inoculation of the arterial wall, causing aneurysm, infarction or abscess formation. Being an end artery, splenic artery aneurysm and infarct can complicate IE; it can even be lethal due to ruptured aneurysm with intraperitoneal bleed. We report a patient who presented with IE complicated with a splenic-artery aneurysm during pregnancy, successfully managed by a multidisciplinary team.
Medium-term results of arthroscopic hip surgery compared with physiotherapy and activity modification for the treatment of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Palmer Antony , Fernquest Scott , Rombach Ines , Harin Alice , Mansour Ramy , Dutton Susan , Dijkstra H Paul , Andrade Tony , Glyn-Jones Sion
Published: November 2024

Objective

To report a 3-year follow-up from the FemoroAcetabular Impingement Trial, comparing arthroscopic surgery with physiotherapy in the management of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome for the dual primary outcomes of radiographic hip osteoarthritis (OA) and patient-reported outcome measures of activities of daily living.

Methods

Two-group parallel, assessor-blinded, pragmatic randomised controlled trial across seven sites. 222 participants aged 18–60 years with FAI syndrome confirmed clinically and radiologically were randomised (1:1) to receive arthroscopic hip surgery (n=112) or physiotherapy (n=110). Dual primary outcome measure was minimum joint space width (mJSW) on anteroposterior radiograph at 38 months post-randomisation and Hip Outcome Score ADL (HOS ADL) (higher score indicates superior outcomes). Secondary outcome measures were Scoring Hip Osteoarthritis with MRI (SHOMRI) (lower score indicates less pathology).

Results

mJSW, HOS ADL and MRI data were available for 45%, 77% and 62% of participants at 38 months, respectively. No significant difference in mJSW was seen between groups at 38 months. HOS ADL was higher in the arthroscopy group (mean (SD) 84.2 (17.4)) compared with the physiotherapy group (74.2 (21.9)), difference 8.9 (95% CI 7.0, 10.8)). SHOMRI score total at 38 months was lower in the arthroscopy group (mean (SD) 9.22 (11.43)) compared with the physiotherapy group (22.76 (15.26)), differences (95% CIs) −15.94 (–18.69, –13.19).

Conclusions

No difference was seen between groups on radiographic measures of OA progression. Patients with FAI syndrome treated surgically may experience superior pain and function outcomes, and less MRI-measured cartilage damage compared with physiotherapy.

Trial registration number

NCT01893034.
State of the health workforce in the WHO African Region: decade review of progress and opportunities for policy reforms and investments
Authors: Asamani James Avoka , Bediakon Kouadjo San Boris , Boniol Mathieu , Munga’tu Joseph Kyalo , Christmals Christmal Dela , Okoroafor Sunny C. , Ahmat Adam , Titus Maritza , Moussounda Jean Benard , Kipruto Hillary , Mwinga Kasonde , Cabore Joseph Waogodo , Moeti Matshidiso Rebecca
Published: November 2024

Introduction

An adequate health workforce is one of the cornerstones of a healthy nation. Over the last two decades, Africa has gained momentum in mitigating critical health workforce gaps, but urgent actions are still needed to accelerate progress towards universal health coverage and ensuring health security. This analysis provides an overview of the health workforce in the WHO African Region for the last decade.

Methods

Data were extracted and triangulated from the National Health Workforce Accounts (NHWA), health labour market analyses, countries’ human resources for health (HRH) profiles, HRH strategic plans and annual reports. A descriptive analysis of health worker stock, training capacity and unemployment levels was undertaken. The density of health workers was calculated per 10 000 population for each country and examined by occupational groups and income levels of the countries to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the health workforce dynamics.

Results

The stock of the health workforce progressively increased from 1.6 million in 2013 to 4.3 million in 2018 and 5.1 million in 2022. The stock of doctors, nurses, midwives, dentists and pharmacists was 2.6 million in 2022, representing a threefold increase over 10 years, with an annual growth rate of 13%. The density of these five health workforce occupations grew by 1.9% per annum between 2018 and 2022, from 11.14 per 10 000 in 2013 to 26.82 per 10 000 in 2022. The health professions education capacity in the region increased by 70%, with the annual education output growing from 148 357 graduates in 2018 to over 255 000 in 2022. The comprehensiveness of the findings can be attributed to improvement in health workforce data availability and quality as more countries implement the NHWA. The improvements in the health workforce in the region are also partly attributable to increasing investments in the capacity of health professions education institutions to produce more health workers, and use of evidence in planning, decision-making and high-level advocacy at various levels to invest in health workers.

Conclusion

This study provides crucial insights for policy reforms and investments to enhance the health workforce, which is essential to achieving universal health coverage and ensuring health security. While progress is notable, countries with unique challenges need targeted analyses and continuous support to develop the necessary number and skills of health workers in the African region.
Midwives as trainers for a neonatal clinical decision support system at four rural health facilities in eastern Uganda: a mixed-methods observational study
Authors: Muhindo Mary Kakuru , Armas Jean , Kamya Moses , Danziger Elon , Bress Joshua , Ruel Theodore
Published: November 2024

Objectives

To evaluate acceptability and effectiveness of midwives as trainers for NoviGuide, a neonatal clinical decision support system (CDSS).

Design

A 20-months, mixed-methods open cohort study.

Settings and participants

Nurse-midwives at four rural health facilities in eastern Uganda.

Methods

We developed a midwife-led trainer programme and instructed two midwives as NoviGuide Trainers in three 3-hour-long sessions. Trainers trained all nurse-midwives at each site in single 3-hour-long sessions. Using the Kirkpatrick model, we evaluated acceptability at level 1 for participant’s reaction and level 3 for participant’s attitudes towards the programme. We evaluated effectiveness at level 2 for newly learnt skills, and level 3 for participant’s uptake of NoviGuide and perception of newborn care practices. We used surveys and focus groups at baseline, 3 months and 6 months and viewed usage data from September 2020 through May 2022.

Results

All 49 participants were female, 23 (46.9%) owned smartphones, 12 (24.5%) accessed the internet daily and 17 (34.7%) were present by study end following staff changes. All participants perceived the use of midwives as NoviGuide Trainers to be an acceptable approach to introduce NoviGuide (mean 5.9 out of 6, SD 0.37). Participants reported gaining new skills and confidence to use NoviGuide; some, in turn, trained others. Participants reported improvement in newborn care. Uptake of NoviGuide was high. Of 49 trained participants, 48 (98%) used NoviGuide. A total of 4045 assessments of newborns were made. Of these, 13.8% (558/4045) were preterm, 17.5% (709/4045) weighed under 2.5 kg and 21.1% (855/4045) had a temperature <36.5°C.

Conclusion

This midwife-led programme was acceptable and led to self-reported improvement in newborn care and high uptake of NoviGuide among nurse-midwives. Task shifting CDSS expert roles to midwives could facilitate large-scale implementation. However, resources like internet coverage, reliable electricity and mobile devices should be considered in low-resource settings.
Effects of canagliflozin on brain natriuretic peptide levels in patients with type 2 diabetes on peritoneal dialysis in Japan: protocol for a multicentre, prospective, randomised controlled trial (CARD-PD trial)
Authors: Matsuoka Naoko , Nakazawa Daigo , Nishio Saori , Cho Kyu Yong , Maoka Tomochika , Kaneshima Nobuharu , Yamamoto Rie , Yamamoto Junya , Shimamoto Mamiko , Makita Minoru , Iriuda Satoko , Igarashi Kento , Ito Yosuke , Kato Akiko , Yoshikawa Junpei , Kudo Takashi , Nagashima Takahiro , Ito Yoichi M , Atsumi Tatsuya
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) undergoing dialysis exhibit a higher mortality rate compared with those with other conditions, primarily due to vascular complications including coronary artery disease, heart failure and stroke. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, a type of drug for T2D, have reportedly decreased cardiovascular and renal events in patients with heart failure and chronic kidney disease, irrespective of diabetes presence. Nevertheless, the evidence supporting the use of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients undergoing dialysis has been limited. Our study aims to evaluate the impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on cardiovascular disease in individuals with T2D undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD).

Methods and analysis

The CARD-PD study is a multicentre, prospective, randomised, open-label comparison trial of canagliflozin treatment in patients diagnosed with T2D undergoing PD. Eligible patients meeting the criteria for participation will be randomly assigned to either the canagliflozin treatment group (100 mg/day) or the control group (delayed-start canagliflozin group) for a duration of 6 months. We set a target of 18 participants in each group (a total of 36) based on sample size calculations from a previous report. Randomisation is performed using a web-based system, wherein patients are stratified by age, sex and plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentrations at the baseline. The primary outcome measure is the plasma BNP levels after 6-month period. Following this initial phase, patients from both groups will continue to receive canagliflozin treatment (100 mg/day) in the following manner: (1) patients in the canagliflozin group will continue canagliflozin treatment for an additional 6 months, while (2) patients initially in the placebo arm will transition to canagliflozin treatment for an additional 12 months.

Ethics and dissemination

The Ethics Review Board of Hokkaido University Hospital (CRB no. 1180001) has approved the CARD-PD study protocol. The results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and summaries will be presented at scientific conferences.

Trial registration number

Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCT1011210022); pre-results.
Poetry and well-being: a pilot programme to evaluate the impact of creative writing for patients in short-term and long-term rehabilitation
Authors: Bullock Owen , McFarlane Jennifer
Published: November 2024

The value of creative writing as an adjunct to clinical treatment is well-known. Creative writing has been used successfully in a wide range of healthcare and rehabilitation settings, with people suffering from aphasia, dementia, cancer, heart attacks, depression, mental illness, post-traumatic stress disorder and anxiety disorders, and dealing with pain. Poetry, in particular, has been identified as a powerful reflective tool. This project aimed to: facilitate the creation of a safe space in which participants can enjoy open discussion of written works, share readings and offer feedback; give participants the opportunity and basic skills to write expressively and creatively; evaluate whether the writing of poetry can help reframe personal narratives in a controlled setting in ways that facilitate meaningful self-reflection and improve well-being.

The programme was delivered through eight face-to-face creative writing workshops, each lasting 1 hour, from February to May 2023. Fourteen participants engaged with the pilot programme. This paper discusses the practical lessons learnt regarding the staging of a programme outside an educational facility, as well as the specific dynamics of the hospital context, including creative pedagogical discoveries made in this participant-driven environment. The programme was evaluated through a survey, responses to which were overwhelmingly positive, especially in the qualitative comments. Participants welcomed the opportunity to express themselves creatively, both through oral storytelling and written work, in the safe space created during the programme. Interactions were dynamic and raised issues that were important to participants, who gave voice to the uniqueness of their experiences, helping re-establish agency.
Stop The Falls! A framework for injury prevention outreach for older adults presented by the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Geriatric Trauma and Injury Prevention Committees
Authors: Egodage Tanya , Duncan Thomas K , Ho Vanessa P , Joseph D'Andrea , Putnam Adin Tyler , Burruss Sigrid , Bongiovanni Tasce , Knight-Davis Jennifer , Adams Sasha D , Gorman Elizabeth , Jarman Molly P , Ahmed Nasim , Ratnasekera Asanthi , Prabhakaran Kartik , Cohan Caitlin , Hornor Melissa , Colling Kristin P , Joseph Bellal
Published: November 2024

With the increasing age of the population in the USA, fall prevention events to target older patients are imperative. The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma hosted a fall prevention event at the host city of the 2023 Annual Meeting. We review the planning and implementation of this “Stop the Falls” event, in hopes that other institutions may benefit and sustainably effectuate fall prevention events for an increasingly geriatric population.
Probing chiral and flavored $$Z^\prime $$ from cosmic bursts through neutrino interactions
Authors: ShivaSankar K. A. , Das Arindam , Lambiase Gaetano , Nomura Takaaki , Orikasa Yuta
Published: November 2024

The origin of tiny neutrino mass is an unsolved puzzle leading to a variety of phenomenological aspects beyond the Standard Model (BSM). We consider U(1) gauge extension of the Standard Model (SM) where so-called seesaw mechanism is incarnated with the help of thee generations of Majorana type right-handed neutrinos followed by the breaking of U(1) and electroweak gauge symmetries providing anomaly free structure. In this framework, a neutral BSM gauge boson $$Z^\prime $$

Z
′

is evolved. To explore the properties of its interactions we consider chiral (flavored) frameworks where $$Z^\prime $$

Z
′

interactions depend on the handedness (generations) of the fermions. In this paper we focus on $$Z^\prime $$

Z
′

-neutrino interactions which could be probed from cosmic explosions. We consider $$\nu \overline{\nu } \rightarrow e^+ e^-$$

ν

ν
¯

→

e
+

e
-

process which can energize gamma-ray burst (GRB221009A, so far the highest energy) through energy deposition. Hence estimating these rates we constrain U(1) gauge coupling $$(g_X)$$

(

g
X

)

and $$Z^\prime $$

Z
′

mass $$(M_{Z^\prime })$$

(

M

Z
′

)

under Schwarzchild (Sc) and Hartle-Thorne (HT) scenarios. We also study $$\nu $$
ν
-DM scattering through $$Z^\prime $$

Z
′

to constrain $$g_X-M_{Z^\prime }$$

g
X

-

M

Z
′

plane using IceCube data considering high energy neutrinos from cosmic blazar (TXS0506+056), active galaxy (NGC1068), the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and the Lyman-$$\alpha $$
α
data, respectively. Finally highlighting complementarity we compare our results with current and prospective bounds on $$g_X-M_{Z^\prime }$$

g
X

-

M

Z
′

plane from scattering, beam-dump and $$g-2$$

g
-
2

experiments. [PICS code].
A bimetric cosmological model based on Andreï Sakharov’s twin universe approach
Authors: Petit Jean-Pierre , Margnat Florent , Zejli Hicham
Published: November 2024

The standard cosmological model, based on Cold Dark Matter and Dark Energy ($$\varLambda $$
Λ
CDM), faces several challenges. Among these is the need to adjust the scenario to account for the presence of vast voids in the large-scale structure of the universe, as well as the early formation of the first stars and galaxies. Additionally, the observed matter–antimatter asymmetry in the universe remains an unresolved issue. To address this latter question, Andrei Sakharov proposed a twin universe model in 1967. Building upon this idea and introducing interactions between these two universe sheets through a bimetric model, we propose an alternative interpretation of the large-scale structure of the universe, including its voids and the acceleration of cosmic expansion.
Phenomenology of photons-enriched semi-visible jets
Authors: Cazzaniga Cesare , Russo Alessandro , Sitti Emre , de Cosa Annapaola
Published: November 2024

This Letter proposes a new signature for confining dark sectors at the LHC. Under the assumption of a QCD-like hidden sector, hadronic jets containing stable dark bound states originating from hidden strong dynamics, known as semi-visible jets, could manifest in proton-proton collisions. In the proposed simplified model, a heavy $$Z'$$

Z
′

mediator coupling to SM quarks allows the resonant production of dark quarks, subsequently hadronizing in stable and unstable dark bound states. The unstable dark bound states can then decay back to SM quarks via the same $$Z'$$

Z
′

portal or photons via a lighter pseudo-scalar portal (such as an axion-like particle). This mechanism creates a new signature where semi-visible jets are enriched in non-isolated photons. We show that these exotic jets evade the phase space probed by current LHC searches exploiting jets or photons due to the expected high jet neutral electromagnetic fraction and photons candidates non-isolation, respectively. In the proposed analysis strategy to tackle such signature, we exploit jets as final state objects to represent the underlying QCD-like hidden sector. We show that, by removing any selection on the neutral electromagnetic fraction from the jet identification criteria, higher signal efficiency can be reached. To enhance the signal-to-background discrimination, we train a deep neural network as a jet tagger that exploits differences in the substructure of signal and background jets. We estimate that with the available triggers for Run 2 and this new strategy, a high mass search can claim a $$5 \sigma $$

5
σ

discovery (exclusion) of the $$Z'$$

Z
′

boson with a mass up to 5 TeV (5 TeV) with the full Run 2 data of the LHC when the fraction of unstable dark hadrons decaying to photons pairs is around $${30}{\%}$$

30
%

, and with a coupling of the $$Z'$$

Z
′

to SM quarks of 0.25.
Visual political communication on Instagram: a comparative study of Brazilian presidential elections
Authors: de-Lima-Santos Mathias-Felipe , Gonçalves Isabella , Quiles Marcos G. , Mesquita Lucia , Ceron Wilson , Couto Lorena Maria Clara
Published: November 2024

In today’s digital age, images have become powerful tools for politicians to engage with their voters on social media platforms. Visual content possesses a unique emotional appeal that often leads to increased user engagement. However, research on visual communication remains relatively limited, particularly in the Global South. This study aims to bridge this gap by employing a combination of computational methods and qualitative approach to investigate the visual communication strategies employed in a dataset of 11,263 Instagram posts by 19 Brazilian presidential candidates in 2018 and 2022 national elections. Through two studies, we observed consistent patterns across these candidates on their use of visual political communication. Notably, we identify a prevalence of celebratory and positively toned images. They also exhibit a strong sense of personalization, portraying candidates connected with their voters on a more emotional level. Our research also uncovers unique contextual nuances specific to the Brazilian political landscape. We note a substantial presence of screenshots from news websites and other social media platforms. Furthermore, text-edited images with portrayals emerge as a prominent feature. In light of these results, we engage in a discussion regarding the implications for the broader field of visual political communication. This article contributes by showing the ways Instagram was used in the digital political strategy of two fiercely polarized Brazilian elections, shedding light on the ever-evolving dynamics of visual political communication in the digital age. Finally, we propose avenues for future research in the field of political communication.
Solving coupled non-linear schrödinger equations via quantum imaginary time evolution
Authors: Li Yang Hong , Al-Khalili Jim , Stevenson Paul
Published: November 2024

Coupled non-linear Schrödinger equations are crucial in describing dynamics of many-particle systems. We present a quantum imaginary time evolution (ITE) algorithm as a solution to such equations in the case of nuclear Hartree-Fock approach. Under a simplified Skyrme interaction model, we calculate the ground state energy of an oxygen-16 nucleus and demonstrate that the result is in agreement with the classical ITE algorithm. We examine bottlenecks and deficiencies in the quantum algorithm and suggest possible improvements.
Diagenetic impacts on Ca isotopes and Mg/Ca ratios of
Globigerinoides ruber
shells in the eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Zarkogiannis Stergios , Day Christopher , Kontakiotis George
Published: November 2024

The presence of Mg-rich calcite in foraminifera shells has impeded traditional calcite-based palaeothermometry in the eastern Mediterranean, complicating our understanding of the region's past climate. We analysed the Ca isotopic composition (

δ

44/40
Ca) in the shells of the planktonic foraminifera species
Globigerinoides ruber
(white), collected from 12 core-top sediment samples spanning the Aegean and Levantine seas in the eastern Mediterranean. The shells exhibited varying degrees of early diagenetic Mg-rich authigenic calcite coatings, which complicate traditional calcite-based palaeothermometry in the region. Our findings demonstrate a significant correlation between the

δ

44/40
Ca data and the Mg/Ca ratios of the shells and suggest that the inorganic calcite overgrowth originates from seawater. Moreover, the Ca isotopic composition increases with the amount of calcite overgrowth. This relationship allowed us to quantify the maximum potential inorganic end-member. The highest amount of post-depositional calcite precipitation was observed in the warm, shallow basins of the South Aegean Sea. The diagenetic alteration of the primary biogenic

δ

44/40
Ca geochemical signal is linked to the quantity of secondary calcite present. By combining Ca isotope and Mg/Ca measurements on isolated foraminifera tests, we provide novel insights into the early diagenetic history of carbonate-bound geochemical proxies.
Future Ink: The Collision of AI and Chinese Calligraphy
Authors: Lin Troy TianYu , She James , Wang Yu-Ao , Zhang Kang
Published: November 2024

This survey delves deeply into the application, limitations, and opportunities of AI technology within the realm of Chinese calligraphy. It examines AI’s role in assessing calligraphic aesthetics, the automatic generation of artworks, style recognition, and robotic calligraphy, while addressing the capabilities and constraints of current AI algorithms and tools in the creation of Chinese calligraphy. Furthermore, it investigates the potential for AI to foster innovation and global heritage in the art of calligraphy, showcasing the potential and prospects for integrating AI with traditional Chinese calligraphy. The aim is to highlight the significance of AI in the preservation and innovation of traditional Chinese calligraphic art, to encourage interdisciplinary dialogue and collaboration between art and technology, and to offer new perspectives and approaches for the future development of calligraphy.
Pretending to be a VIP! Characterization and Detection of Fake and Clone Channels on Telegram
Authors: La Morgia Massimo , Mei Alessandro , MONGARDINI ALBERTO MARIA , Wu Jie
Published: November 2024

Telegram is a widely used instant messaging app that has gained popularity due to its high level of privacy protection. Telegram has standout social network features like channels, which are virtual rooms where only administrators can post and broadcast messages to all subscribers. However, these same features have also led to the emergence of problematic activities and a significant number of fake accounts. To address these issues, Telegram has introduced verified and scam marks for channels, but only a small number of official channels are currently marked as verified, and only a few fakes as scams.

In this research, we conduct a large-scale analysis of Telegram by collecting data from 120,979 different public channels and over 247 million messages. We identify and analyze two types of channels: Clones and fakes. Clones are channels that publish identical content from another channel in order to gain subscribers and promote services. Fakes, on the other hand, are channels that impersonate celebrities or well-known services by posting their own messages. To automatically detect fake channels, we propose a machine learning model that achieves an F1-score of 85.45%. By applying this model to our dataset, we find the main targets of fakes are political figures, well-known people such as actors or singers, and services.