bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) Genotypes based on Morpho-economic Traits
Authors: Kumari Rakhee , Sethi Kabita , Dash Manasi
Published: February 2025

Background: An experiment entitled “Characterization of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) genotypes based on morpho-economic traits’’ was conducted during the year 2021-2022 at the Cashew Research Station (CRS), Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Fifteen cashew genotypes planted during the year 2014 were evaluated for various morpho-economic traits. Methods: The experiment was laid out following the statistical design RBD (Randomized block design) with two replications. All the standard package of practices were adopted throughout the evaluation period. Evaluation of fifteen cashew genotypes for various morpho-economic traits revealed significant variations within the genotypes. Result: Estimation of variability revealed that high GCV, PCV, heritability, genetic advance and genetic advance (as % mean) were recorded in traits viz. shelling %, nut yield, kernel weight, nuts m-2 and mean annual nut yield. Flowering laterals m-2, nuts panicle-1, nuts m-2 and kernel weight recorded significant positive correlation with nut yield plant-1 both at genotypic and phenotypic level. Nut weight (1.846) had the highest positive direct effect on nut yield at phenotypic level followed by shelling % (0.837) and nut m-2 (0.486). Evaluation of genotypes for nut yield and yield attributing traits revealed that, genotype, RP-2 recorded the highest number of nuts panicle-1 (10.50), nuts m-2 (61.43) and shelling% (32.55). Significantly highest apple weight (75.0 g) was recorded in genotype VTH-711/4. Number of total laterals m-2 (26.99), number of flowering laterals m-2 (24.18), duration of flowering (60.5), mean annual nut yield plant-1 (12.33 kg) and cumulative nut yield plant-1 (40.73 kg) were recorded maximum in genotype, C2-6. The genotype C2-6 recorded (13.70%) higher yield than the check genotype BPP-8 (10.64 kg plant-1) at 6th harvest.
Technological Gap Analysis: A Case Study of Anand, Gujarat
Authors: Patel Ronak S. , Mishra Snehal , Panigrahy Shakti Ranjan
Published: February 2025

Background: Indian Dairy Industry is vital to the growth of rural economy of India and employing good dairy farming practices is a sustainable approach to achieving this goal. Good dairy farming practices, according to FAO, are about implementation of effective and suitable practices on dairy farms so that the intended use of dairy products and by-products could be achieved while ensuring the farm business remains economically viable. The aim of the present study was to analyze the technological gap in adoption of good dairy farming practices among dairy farmers. Methods: Anand district was selected purposively. For the estimation of technological gap, six major components of dairy farming viz, animal health, hygienic milking, animal nutrition, animal welfare, environmental and socio-economic management practices of animals were used. Result: The study results indicate that nearly three-fifths of the respondents exhibited a medium level of overall technological gap in good dairy farming practices, followed by 27 per cent of respondents showing a low level of technological gap. Comprehensive awareness and training programs should be crafted to educate farmers about the importance and implementation of effective dairy farming practices, with a focus on animal health, hygienic milking, nutrition, welfare, environmental management and socio-economic aspects. Strengthening of extension services, financial incentives and formulation of regulatory frameworks is crucial in bridging the technological gap in good dairy farming practices.
Comparative Economic Analysis and Environmental Benefits of Agroforestry Systems: A Case Study from Saharanpur, India with Global Perspectives
Authors: Katariya Isha , Pradhan Lolita , Tripathi Nisha
Published: February 2025

Background: Agroforestry, which integrates timber with agricultural crops or livestock, is a globally recognized sustainable land management strategy. Hence, this research examines agroforestry in Saharanpur, India, alongside insights from Brazil and Indonesia, to assess their socio-economic and environmental benefits. The objective is to demonstrate how various agroforestry models can enhance farm productivity, income generation and environmental sustainability across diverse agricultural landscapes. Methods: A qualitative approach was adopted to evaluate the socio-economic and environmental benefits of agroforestry. This research focuses on agroforestry practices in Saharanpur, India and compares them with practices in Brazil and Indonesia. Data collection includes case studies, existing literature and research reports. Primary data were collected through survey-based questionnaires, and field observations with farmers, agricultural experts, and stakeholders. Result: The analysis discovered full-size profitability of agroforestry models in Saharanpur, particularly the ones based totally on poplar, with high Benefit-Cost Ratios (BCRs). In Brazil, integration of coffee and cocoa with native timber presented massive economic benefits, whilst in Indonesia, mixtures of wooden species with commodities and end result generated varied earnings sources. Environmental advantages consisting of soil restoration, biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration have been determined across all areas.
ESCREVIVÊNCIA FALCÊMICA: a luta poetizada como ato de (re)existência
Authors: DA SILVA ALVES SUANNY DA SILVA ALVES , ALVES ANANDA DA SILVA , SILVA FERNANDA PRISCILA ALVES DA
Published: February 2025

REIS, Alessandra. Meia lua em mim: a Falciforme em versos. Belo Horizonte: [s. n], 2020. 136 p.
ACONTECEU DIA DESSES: sobre narrativa e quilombo
Authors: SANTOS MARIA
Published: February 2025

Este texto é sobre a possibilidade de dizer acontecimento a partir da temporalidade dia desse. Trata-se de falar da experiência do tornar-se quilombo na comunidade do Arrojado, cidade de Portalegre, Rio Grande do Norte, a partir de outros tempos, que não aqueles que se colocam como presente, passado e futuro. Operando com a teoria pós-estrutural, principalmente com o pensamento de Derrida (1994, 2010, 2013), Haddock-Lobo (2013a, 2013b, 2020) e Butler (2017, 2018a, 2018b), o que se faz no movimento da escrita é chamar a atenção de que dizer a experiência nunca é simplesmente uma informação; que falar o acontecimento está também na dimensão do que se ouve da pesquisa, e não apenas do que houve. A partir de uma autobiografia em desconstrução (Santos 2022, 2023), sem qualquer tentativa cronológica para o narrado, o que se busca é explorar as construções da experiência e da memória e apontar uma maneira de dizer da pesquisa que não seja trazendo falas ou narrativas para comprovar dados; portanto, uma abertura para outras temporalidades e escritas.
DOCENTES NEGRAS NO ENSINO SUPERIOR BRASILEIRO: um estudo de caso sobre raça e gênero
Authors: SILVEIRA TAINÁ MELO
Published: February 2025

Este artigo problematiza os desafios enfrentados por docentes negras no ensino superior brasileiro, destacando a persistência do racismo e do sexismo. Por meio de entrevistas com docentes de uma universidade pública, evidencia-se a luta dessas professoras contra o isolamento e pela visibilidade, além de suas contribuições cruciais ao debate sobre diversidade no ambiente universitário. Os achados apontam para a necessidade premente de políticas antirracistas e de reconhecimento institucional, visando uma cultura acadêmica verdadeiramente equitativa.
O PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL EM HISTÓRIA DA UEMA: seus dez anos de existência e a centralidade do Ensino de História
Authors: FRIDERICHS LIDIANE ELIZABETE
Published: February 2025

DALMÁS, Carine; VIEIRA, Ana Lívia Bomfim (org.). Pós-Graduação Profissional em Ensino de História: pressupostos, experiências e desafios. São Luís: EDUEMA, 2023
“ELA ESTÁ ENTREGUE A VOCÊS”: a trajetória de Inês Etienne Romeu como símbolo das engrenagens repressivas da ditadura civil-militar e dos limites da transição brasileira
Authors: ALMEIDA MONICA PICCOLO , CHAVES LEONARDO LEAL
Published: February 2025

O presente trabalho propõe-se a analisar a trajetória de uma das mais importantes personagens do movimento de resistência à ditadura civil-militar brasileiro, Inês Etienne Romeu, à luz das engrenagens do aparato repressor então em funcionamento, passando pelos limites da transição brasileira impostos pelo caráter conciliador e pacificador da Lei de Anistia. Última presa política a ser libertada no país, Etienne, por meio de seus depoimentos, viabilizou a descoberta de um dos mais importantes centros clandestinos de detenção, tortura e extermínio do país: a “Casa da Morte”, situada em Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro. Serão aqui explorados os dossiês produzidos pelos agentes do Serviço Nacional de Informação (SNI) sobre Etienne, apresentando um breve mapeamento de sua trajetória política, prisão e condenações. Também será objeto de análise a decisão judicial pela recusa da denúncia de torturas e estupro de seu principal algoz, Antonio Waneir Pinheiro de Lima, (re)conhecido pela alcunha de “Camarão”.
Mapping Of Strategies And Methods For Learning Arabic Speaking Skills
Authors: Roziqi Muhammad Ainur , Murdiono Murdiono , Rahman Nur Fuadi , Arif Muhammad
Published: February 2025

This study aims to map and identify research developments on strategies and methods of learning Arabic speaking skills in Indonesia. This qualitative literature review approach study analyzed data sources through journal articles on Arabic studies from 2019-2023. The results show that the amount of research from 2019-2023 has fluctuated in the number of articles published. During this time, qualitative methods were used most in the study. The most discussed topics are learning, improving strategies, and using direct methods of speaking most discussed. The variety of research objects shows that junior high school students are the most dominant research objects. In addition, in terms of the most common problems, namely the low ability of students to speak Arabic and students' difficulty in speaking Arabic, the main factor that makes learning speaking skills less effective is the application of inappropriate learning methods, such as the al-Qawaid wa al-Tarjamah method, the lecture and reading method, and the application of monotonous and less varied strategies and methods. Likewise, teachers' lack of competence in applying various fun methods results in teachers being more active than students.
The Impact Of Active Learning Strategies On Education And Learning Achievements/ استراتيجيات التعلّم النشط وأثرها في عملية التعليم والتحصيل الدراسي
Authors: Alkasem Ahmad Abdulrahman , Mohamed Yuslina
Published: February 2025

The world is undergoing rapid progress, leading to a significant knowledge revolution. This revolution has brought numerous technical and educational developments in educational institutions to improve learning through modern teaching strategies. The concept of "active learning" has gained popularity since the early 2000s due to the increasing scientific progress and interest in learning theories. Based on previous studies, researchers have reviewed active learning strategies and their impact on the learning and achievement process. The study investigated the importance of active learning methods and their effects on educational achievement. This was achieved by reviewing previous research on the subject, analyzing the perspectives of experts in the field, and employing a descriptive approach. The study was descriptive, reviewing previous research statements and findings and discussing the results of earlier studies. The researcher comprehensively analyzed earlier studies regarding their goals, tools, methodology, and results to achieve the study objective. The study concluded that active learning strategies are crucial to education and achievement. They promote deep understanding, critical thinking, and logical reasoning. Students are encouraged to develop skills for cooperation, networking, problem-solving, knowledge-building, and self-learning skills development. It also promotes interaction between teachers and students and their positive relationships. It promotes positive interaction between teachers and students, contributing to a balance between targeted education and students' autonomy. The study focuses on finding the right balance between targeted education and students' autonomy. After reviewing the research, most researchers recommended further studies to explore this area, develop effective active learning strategies, enhance teachers' skills in using these strategies, and create a checklist to evaluate the effectiveness of these strategies.
Comparative Analysis Of AI And Human Translations Of Qur’anic Legal Verses In Surah Al-Ma’idah
Authors: Abdalhussein Hussein Fahim
Published: February 2025

Translation of Qur'anic legal verses, mainly from Surah Al-Mā'idah, poses significant challenges due to its complex legal, theological, and cultural context. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy and effectiveness of AI compared to human translation of these verses, highlighting the challenges faced in translating these complex texts into English. Utilizing Rosa's (2010) Approach to Descriptive Translation Studies, this study identifies contextual norms and influences on translation decisions, providing a framework for comparing translation strategies used by AI and human translators. The study adopts a qualitative design, analyzing ten purposefully selected verses from Surah Al-Mā'idah, translated by AI (ChatGPT) and Abdullah Yusuf Ali. This comparative analysis illustrates the strengths and weaknesses of AI and human translation in capturing the detailed nuances of Qur'anic legal verses. Findings indicate that AI translations demonstrate speed and consistency but lack the depth needed to convey theological and legal subtleties accurately. Human translations, on the other hand, exhibit more significant variability. However, they are more adept at reflecting the complex contextual meanings inherent in the original text. These results are of great importance for translation studies, particularly in understanding the capabilities and limitations of AI in translating complex religious texts. The translation of the legal verses of the Qur'an, especially from Surah Al-Mā'idah, poses significant challenges due to its complex legal, theological, and cultural context. The implications of the current study extend to scholars, translators, and religious educators who aim to improve the quality and reliability of Qur'an translations for diverse audiences. This contribution is significant in bridging the gap between traditional translation methods and emerging digital technologies in translating religious texts.
ESL And ASL Students’ and Teachers’ Perspectives On Online Classroom Management Techniques
Authors: Kareema Mohamed Ismial Fouzul , Hakmal M.H.M.
Published: February 2025

Classroom management is an essential concept in the implementation of the learning process in the classroom. The successful execution of effective classroom management is a significant factor in determining the future viability of education, specifically through a virtual learning environment where physical interaction is lacking. The primary objective of the study is to investigate English as a Second Language (ESL) and Arabic as a Second Language (ASL) students' and teachers’ perceptions of implementing classroom management techniques via online learning platforms and to analyze the effectiveness and different kinds of classroom management techniques implemented via online learning platforms. The study adopted a mixed method in which questionnaires were distributed to all 40 ESL and ASL students to collect numerical data. 20 students and 10 lecturers involved in teaching and learning ESL and ASL were interviewed to collect the potential impact of using classroom management techniques. The study's significant findings revealed that many dynamic classroom management techniques have been incorporated to ensure a positive learning environment, eradicate disruptive behaviours, active participation, and better learning outcomes. Furthermore, dynamic classroom management techniques and online classroom ethics have been proposed to ensure better learning outcomes online.
Content Analysis Of The Al-Arabiyyah Lil ‘Alam Educational Series Based On Gardner's Theory Of Multiple Intelligences
Authors: Pasandi Faezeh , Hosein Abadi Safoura Ghadami
Published: February 2025

According to modern educational theories, organized intelligences are key to effective learning and practical second language instruction. Howard Gardner's "Theory of Multiple Intelligences" is one of the most prominent. The five-volume series "Al-Arabiyyah lil-'Aalam" is a significant resource for Arabic language instruction worldwide. This study evaluates the content of this series based on the comprehensive text analysis method, applying Gardner's theory. Based on a statistical sample of 985 instances, the findings indicate that the highest frequency (540 cases of intelligence) was found in the exercises section, identified as this series's primary unit of analysis. The results of the research suggest that the "Al-Arabiyyah lil-'Aalam" series, through a novel and creative approach, utilizes nine of Gardner's intelligences to enhance and improve the four language skills, making it a suitable and practical resource for teaching Arabic to non-Arabic speakers.
Applied Study Of The Processability Theory OF Arabic Learners In The Islamic University Of Madinah/ دراسة تطبيقية لنظرية قابلية المعالجة على مجموعة من متعلمي اللغة العربية في الجامعة الإسلامية بالمدينة المنورة
Authors: Alhazmi Muhammad Zafer
Published: February 2025

This paper focuses on an essential aspect of teaching Arabic to non-native speakers, drawing on applied linguistics, a field that seeks to deepen our understanding of second language acquisition. Many theories exist in this field, but their validity can only be tested through practical application. This study applies the Processability Theory to assess Arabic language learners' proficiency. The study sample includes twenty international students from the Islamic University of Medina: students of the College of Sharia (first year) and the College of Arabic Language (eighth year). The main goal is to highlight the relevance of Processability Theory in evaluating learners' levels. The study also provides statistical analysis regarding the student's progress in learning Arabic. According to Processability Theory, language learning progresses through five levels. The application in this study focuses on three of these levels: (1) the third level, represented by the correct use of the definite article (Al-); (2) the fourth level, focused on sentence structures with basic (VSO) and free word order (SVO); and (3) the fifth level, dealing with complex sentences. The findings reveal a significant difference between the groups regarding correctly using the definite article. First-year students made considerably more errors compared to eighth-year students. However, the gap between the two groups narrowed at the fourth and fifth levels. Their use of sentences under the fourth level was similar, and while their use of complex sentences (fifth level) was rare, it did not yield statistically significant results. Nonetheless, eighth-year students showed a slight numerical advantage in this area. Overall, this study demonstrates the importance of Processability Theory in assessing learners' proficiency and highlights the variation in language learning progression.
Development Of An Android-Based Arabic Dictionary For Independent Learning Resources In State Islamic Universities
Authors: Shodiq Muhammad Jafar
Published: February 2025

Students often use Google Translate to translate unknown “educational terms”. However, Google Translate is often inaccurate. This study aims to develop an android-based educational terms dictionary application (Mu’jam al-Musṭalahāt al-Tarbawiyah) as an independent learning resource for PTKIN students, to determine its quality, and to determine students’ responses to the dictionary. This study is a development research with a procedural model. The development procedure in this study refers to the development research procedure by Timpus Litjaknov with development steps, namely analysis of the product to be developed, initial product development, expert validation and revision, small-scale field trials and product revisions, large-scale field trials, and the final product. The data analysis techniques used are quantitative and qualitative data. The results of this research are: 1) The Android-based Mu'jam al-Musṭalahāt al-Tarbawiyah dictionary has been successfully developed as an independent learning resource for students of state Islamic universities with the name of a trilingual educational terms dictionary, 2) Based on the assessment of media experts, the Mu'jam al-Musalahāt al-Tarbawiyah dictionary has very good quality with an average score of 3.50 and based on the media expert's assessment it is 3.50, 3) student response to the application The Mu'jam al-Musṭalahāt al-Tarbawiyah dictionary in small-scale field trials obtained an average score of 3.02, while in large-scale field trials it obtained an average score of 3.30.
Bringing Meanings: AI And Human Collaboration In Unveiling Qur’anic Synonymy and Polysemy
Authors: Albalawi Abdulrahman Fahad
Published: February 2025

The rich linguistic texture of the Holy Qur’an presents unique difficulties in maintaining the integrity of meanings across languages, especially given the complex interplay of synonyms that often carry subtle distinctions. This study aims to elucidate the contextual meanings, analyse the polysemous nature of بأس (ba’s) (punishment), and investigate the semantic distinctions between the near-synonymous terms بأس (ba’s) and بطش batsha (assault) and their AI-generated and post-edited English translations of the Qur’an. Adopting the Relation by Contrast Approach to Synonyms (RC-S) by Murphy (2003), the study utilises a qualitative approach to identify the semantic layers of meanings of the selected Qur’anic synonyms. The analysis reveals that بأس (ba’s) is polysemous in the Qur’anic text, capturing diverse meanings like punishment, battle, and hardship, reflecting its complex usage in enhancing thematic and rhetorical aspects of verses, unlike its near-synonym بطش (batsha) which is more narrowly defined as "assault." While ChatGPT’s translations of بأس (ba’s) vary in accuracy, highlighting the AI’s challenge in capturing context-specific meanings, the translation of بطش (batsha) as "grasp" fails to convey the aggressive connotations of "assault," which necessitates significant refinements by human editors to align renderings more closely with the original’s military and theological contexts.
Linguistic And Grammatical On Ithbat al-Muhsal By Ibn al-Mustawfi/ اللغة والنحو في إثبات المحصل لابن المستوفي
Authors: Alhajj Ebrahim Abdullah Omar , Alzahrani Mohamed Jarallah Ahmed
Published: February 2025

Scholars from various backgrounds have dedicated their lives to knowledge and enriching this Arab Islamic civilization with outstanding works. Among these figures is one of the notable scholars of the seventh century AH, namely Ibn Al-Mustawfi, Al-Mubarak Ibn Ahmad Ibn Mawhub, who passed away in 637 AH. This research pertains to this great personality and seeks the virtues of this linguistic, grammatical, historical, and rhetorical scholar, as well as the characteristics of his book. It also highlights some linguistic and scientific phenomena found in the book. The methods used in this study are descriptive, inductive, and analytical methods. The study results show that Ibn al-Mustawfi was a grammarian, linguist, rhetorician, and historian, as evidenced by the legacy he left us, covering all of these fields. The most important characteristic of this book is that its author explains many of the words of the author of the book, Al-Mufassal, and the benefits of this book include explanations of the evidence. As for the linguistic and scientific phenomena found in this book, the most prominent ones are linguistic reports and grammatical discussions with previous scholars.
Grammatical Renewal In The Thought Of Abdul Qaher Al- Jurjani And Its Impact On Modern Linguistic Studies/ التجديد النحوي عند عبد القاهر الجرجاني وأثره في الدرس اللساني الحديث
Authors: Al Rubaysh Rasheed Abdullah
Published: February 2025

This research aims to highlight the efforts of Imam Abdul Qaher Al-Jurjani in renewing Arabic grammar and clarifying his position on grammar and grammarians, as well as the position of modern linguists on him and his new ideas. The importance of this research stems from the position of the theory of organization in grammatical and linguistic studies and the value of Abdul Qaher Al-Jurjani's efforts in grammatical renewal through his pioneering theory, which was the result of his unique genius and critical personality. It is also important to reveal the roots of his pioneering theory, its relationship with grammar and grammarians, and its impact on those who came after him. The conclusion of this research is to present the most important results that despite the abundance of studies on Abdul Qaher Al-Jurjani from various perspectives and trends, there is still a scarcity of research on the manifestations of grammatical renewal in his thought. Among the most prominent studies on this topic are Renewalist Trends in Grammatical Studies in the Thought of Abdul Qaher Al-Jurjani and Ibn Khaldun by Dr Abdullah Al-Khathran and Renewal in the Thought of Abdul Qaher Al-Jurjani through the theory of organization.
EVOLUSI SISTEM PEMERINTAHAN ISLAM: Studi Kasus Kesultanan Syafawi di Persia
Authors: Syarifah Hasnia Imroatis
Published: February 2025

Setelah Mongol dan Timuriyah, Safawi sebagai imperium Islam juga mulai menguasai Iran. Sebelum menjadi kesultanan yang berpengaruh besar di Iran, Safawiyah merupakan sebuah gerakan tarekat. Syekh Safi al-Din merupakan penggagas sekaligus pemimpin gerakan tarekat Safawiyah. Ia merupakan seorang sufi yang berasal dari suku Kurdi. Namun, seiring berjalannya waktu gerakan tarekat ini berubah menjadi kekuatan dinasti baru di Iran yang kelak akan berhasil menguasai Iran hampir se abad lamanya. Safawiyah berhasil mengambil kesempatan atas hancurnya rezim Timuriyah. Shah Ismail berhasil mengesahkan Kesultanan Safawi yang didirkannya di Persia pada tahun 1501 M. dengan mengadopsi Syiah Istna Asyariah sebagai ideologi negara. Di Kota Tabriz, Syah Ismail mendeklarasika diri sebagai raja pertama Dinasti Safawi yang dikenal dengan Ismail. Mengenai pendekatan yang digunakan oleh penulis adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode riset kepustakaan yang menggunakan beberapa buku sejarah internasional serta jurnal-jurnal bereputasi sebagai referensi dan komponen pendukung penulisan. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui analisa fase dan sistem pemerintahan Kesultanan Safawi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan  bahwa keberhasilan yang dilalui oleh pemerintahan Kesultanan Safawi berpatokan pada angkatan bersenjata dimana langkah pertama yang disiapkan oleh Syah Abbas sebagai sultan yang mencapai kesuksesan ialah tentara yang kuat. Bahkan Kesultnan Safawi menjadikan bekas tawanan perang orang Kristen sebagai tentara dengan julukan ghulam.  Setelah Kesultanan Safawi mencapai puncak kesuksesan di masa Sultan Syah Abbas I banyak sekali perbaikan yang dilakukannya dalam dunia politik dan pemerintaan kerajaan. Namun setelah Syah Abbas I wafat, tidak ditemukan sultan yang mampu memimpin secakap Syah Abbas I sehingga membawa Kesultanan Safawi diambang kehancuran.
APLIKASI AL-JAM'U WA TAUFIQ DAN NASKH: Studi Kasus Pada Perbedaan Fatwa Dalam Hukum Zakat Kontemporer
Authors: Haq Faishol , Sahirah Tiara , Muttaqin M. Imamul
Published: February 2025

Artikel ini mengkaji penerapan dua metode dalam menghadapi perbedaan fatwa terkait hukum zakat kontemporer, yaitu al-jam'u wa taufiq (rekonsiliasi) dan naskh (penggantian hukum lama). Metode al-jam'u wa taufiq berupaya merekonsiliasi teks-teks hukum Islam klasik dengan realitas modern tanpa membatalkan hukum yang sudah ada, sedangkan naskh digunakan untuk membatalkan hukum lama yang dianggap tidak relevan lagi dengan kondisi saat ini. Studi ini berfokus pada kasus zakat profesi dan zakat saham sebagai contoh penerapan kedua metode tersebut. Analisis literatur menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan al-jam'u wa taufiq memungkinkan pengharmonisasian antara hukum klasik dan kebutuhan kontemporer, sementara naskh memberikan ruang untuk inovasi hukum baru. Dengan membandingkan penerapan kedua metode ini, artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa keduanya dapat memberikan solusi yang efektif, tergantung pada konteks dan situasi. Artikel ini diakhiri dengan penekanan pada pentingnya ijtihad modern dalam menjaga relevansi hukum zakat di era globalisasi.
KAJIAN TAFSIR TEMATIK: Jujur dalam Mu’amalah Perspektif Al-Qur’an dan Hadis
Authors: Sahro Khoirus
Published: February 2025

Jujur adalah salah satu nilai yang penting dalam muamalah, yang merupakan sistem etika Islam yang mengatur hubungan sosial antara individu dan masyarakat. Kejujuran dalam muamalah menjadi kunci penting bagi terciptanya hubungan yang baik antara individu dan masyarakat. Kejujuran dalam muamalah juga membantu mencegah terjadinya kerugian bagi pihak yang terlibat dalam transaksi. Kejujuran dalam muamalah juga dihubungkan dengan konsep amanah, di mana individu diharapkan untuk bertanggung jawab dan memegang amanah dalam setiap transaksi yang dilakukan. Namun, kejujuran dalam muamalah masih menjadi tantangan bagi sebagian orang. Beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi kejujuran dalam muamalah meliputi ketidaktahuan, keserakahan, dan tekanan ekonomi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan upaya untuk meningkatkan kesadaran tentang pentingnya kejujuran dalam muamalah dan mendorong praktik kejujuran dalam setiap transaksi yang dilakukan. Artikel ini menggunakan penelitian yang bersifat studi kepustakaan, yang mana penelitian ini menekankan dasar-dasar lewat referensi yang relevan dengan objek yang diteliti.Kesimpulannya, kejujuran merupakan nilai penting dalam muamalah dan merupakan kunci bagi terciptanya hubungan yang baik antara individu dan masyarakat. Kejujuran dalam muamalah juga dihubungkan dengan konsep amanah dan diharapkan menjadi prinsip utama dalam bertransaksi dan aktivitas bisnis dalam Islam. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk terus meningkatkan kesadaran tentang pentingnya kejujuran dalam muamalah dan mendorong praktik kejujuran dalam setiap transaksi yang dilakukan.
From Shinto Sect to Religion: The De-Shintoization of Tenrikyo
Authors: Kato Masato
Published: February 2025

This article explores the identity negotiation of Tenrikyo during the post-World War II period by focusing on the way and extent to which it redefined its relationship with the state, nation, and Shinto traditions at discursive, representational, and material levels. According to the official Tenrikyo narrative, its teachings were restored to their “original state” after the end of World War II. In this process, many aspects of the doctrinal discourse that had previously been associated with Japan-centered interpretations were replaced with abstract or spiritualistic counterparts. The initiative of restoration marks a departure from its prewar past regarding doctrinal discourse and religious rites. Tenrikyo also underwent a process of dissociation from its identity as a Sect Shinto organization, which it had maintained until the late 1960s. Tenrikyo’s disaffiliation from Sect Shinto traditions resulted in “selective dissociation,” which reflects the lasting—albeit reduced—impact of Shinto traditions on the material formation of Tenrikyo’s sacred space. Using the complex process of Tenrikyo’s dissociation from its past, this article addresses the question of how minority religions negotiate their marginality by constantly maneuvering their discursive and social locations in relation to what is viewed as a “proper” religion in changing sociopolitical circumstances in Japan.
How Will You Hear My Voice? The Development of Indigenous-Centred Supported Decision-Making for Mental Health Service Users in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Lenagh-Glue Jessie , Tamatea Armon , O'Brien Anthony , Glue Paul , Potiki Johnnie , Newton-Howes Giles , Thom Katey , Gledhill Kris , Gordon Sarah
Published: February 2025

There is an urgent need in the delivery of mental health services to incorporate a more human-rights oriented approach, and promote supported decision-making, whereby individuals are supported their own mental health decisions based on their will and preferences.  Aotearoa/New Zealand’s current Mental Health Act enables the use of compulsory treatment, which breaches both international obligations under the Convention of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the principles of Te Tiriti o Waitangi (the Treaty of Waitangi), the covenant between Māori and the Crown which demands partnership and equity and the principle of self-determination for Māori.  Mental Health Advance Preference Statements (MAPS) have been identified as a tool to promote supported decision-making and allow people a voice in their own care. This paper examines the foundations of a new project which is Māori-centred and co-produced with stakeholders, including tāngata whaiora who experience mental distress and those who work and research mental health services. The aim of this project is to create and implement culturally appropriate and locally relevant MAPS-type tools and then evaluate the impact of implementation. It is posited this will lead to improvements in health and equity, particularly for Māori.
Applications of artificial intelligence in thoracic imaging: a review
Authors: Kalyanpur Arjun , Mathur Neetika
Published: February 2025

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming the field of radiology. Among various radiologic subspecialties, thoracic imaging has seen a significant rise in demand due to the global increase in heart, vascular, lung, and thoracic diseases such as lung cancer, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, and cardiovascular diseases. AI promises to revolutionize radiologic diagnostics by enhancing detection, improving accuracy, and reducing the time required to interpret images. It leverages deep learning algorithms, particularly convolutional neural networks, which are increasingly integrated into thoracic imaging workflows to assist radiologists in diagnosing and evaluating heart, vascular, lung, and thoracic diseases. AI systems can help radiologists identify subtle findings that might otherwise be overlooked, thereby increasing efficiency and reducing diagnostic errors. Studies have shown that several AI algorithms have been trained to detect acute chest conditions such as pulmonary embolism, aortic dissection, pneumonia, rib fractures, and lung nodules with high sensitivity and specificity, offering substantial benefits in emergency and high-workload environments. This review article focuses on acute conditions presenting as acute chest syndrome or trauma in emergency settings. It provides an overview of AI applications in thoracic imaging, focusing on advancements in screening, early disease detection, triage and prioritization, automated image analysis, and workflow optimization. These points are supported by review articles published on the subject, including our own publications. We further explore challenges such as regulatory barriers, interpretability, and the need for large, diverse datasets. Finally, we discuss future directions for AI in thoracic imaging, highlighting its potential to enhance patient outcomes and healthcare system efficiencies.
Harnessing nanotheranostics for the management of breast and ovarian cancer
Authors: Biswas Majee Sutapa , Avlani Dhruti , Kumar Avichal , Bera Rachayeeta
Published: February 2025

Breast and ovarian cancers affect women across various demographics, with management complexities arising from tumoral heterogeneity, metastasis, drug resistance, and recurrence risks. Targeted nanotheranostics can revolutionize the concept of individualized care by integrating the diagnosis, delivery, real-time visualization, and outcome assessment into a single nanoscale unit. Engineered nanotheranostics, including inorganic nanoplatforms, polymeric nanostructures, biomimetic nanoparticles, enzyme-sensitive nanoplatforms, quantum dots, etc., enable the site-specific delivery of diagnostics and therapeutics. This article explores the potential of various nanotheranostics, reviewing major studies on nanocarrier-based systems with diverse imaging and therapeutic combinations. It addresses the challenges in fabricating safe, broad-spectrum, and cost-effective nanotheranostics while meeting the regulatory requirements. Venturing into an era of cancer care with highly individualized, safe, and cost-effective nanotheranostics aims to maximize the therapeutic outcomes and meet the evolving needs of cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
SAT in Polynomial Time: A Proof of P = NP
Authors: Vega Frank
Published: February 2025

The P versus NP problem is a cornerstone of theoretical computer science, asking whether problems that are easy to check are also easy to solve. "Easy" here means solvable in polynomial time, where the computation time grows proportionally to the input size. While this problem's origins can be traced to John Nash's 1955 letter, its formalization is credited to Stephen Cook and Leonid Levin. Despite decades of research, a definitive answer remains elusive. Central to this question is the concept of NP-completeness. If even one NP-complete problem, like SAT, could be solved efficiently, it would imply that all NP problems could be solved efficiently, proving P=NP. This research proposes a groundbreaking claim: SAT, traditionally considered NP-complete, can be solved in polynomial time, establishing the equivalence of P and NP.
Semantic Communication on Digital Wireless Communication System
Authors: Huang Binhong , Chen Hao , Guo Cheng , Xu Xiaodong , Ma Nan , Zhang Ping
Published: February 2025

Semantic communication is an effective technological approach for the integration of intelligence and communication, enabling more efficient and context-aware data transmission. In this paper, we propose a bit-conversion-based semantic communication transmission framework to ensure the compatibility with existing wireless system. Specifically, a series of physical-layer processing modules in the end-to-end transmission are designed. Additionally, we develop a semantic communication simulator to implement and evaluate this framework. To optimize the performance of this framework, we introduce a novel physical-layer metric, termed Integer Error Rate (IER), which provides a more suitable evaluation criterion for semantic communication compared to the conventional Bit Error Rate (BER). On the basis of IER, a minimum Manhattan distance constellation mapping scheme is proposed, which can improve the transmission quality of semantic communication under the same BER condition. Furthermore, we propose a hybrid Joint Source-Channel Coding (JSCC) and Separate Source-Channel Coding (SSCC) transmission scheme. This scheme decouples the semantic quantization output from the modulation order by segmenting the bits to be transmitted. Simulation results demonstrate that the hybrid JSCC/SSCC transmission scheme can improve the semantic performance such as Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) at the low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) environment while reducing bandwidth usage by up to 50% compared to the benchmark scheme.
Association of a Healthy Plant-Based Diet with Reduced Cardiovascular Disease Incidence and Mortality and Development of a Novel Heart-Protective Diet Index
Authors: Wang Tian , Nova Andrea , Cassidy Sophie , Livingstone Katherine M , Fazia Teresa , Mitra Sayan , Kroeger Cynthia M. , Masedunskas Andrius , Bernardinelli Luisa , Willett Walter , Fontana Luigi
Published: February 2025

Previous research examining the effects of omnivorous and plant-based diets on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) outcomes has produced inconsistent findings, and the importance of diet quality is overlooked. Our study aimed to develop a novel heart-protective diet index to assess the association of a high-quality plant-based diet with CVD incidence and mortality. This study included 192,274 participants in the UK Biobank without CVD at baseline who completed a 24-hour recall Oxford WebQ questionnaire. Using the Oxford WebQ questionnaire, we developed and validated a novel heart-protective diet score (HPDS) based on 22 food groups. Cox proportional hazard models were used to study the associations between HPDS and outcomes. During a median follow-up of 12.3 years, 20,692 CVD events and 1,131 CVD deaths were observed. After adjusting for demographics, Townsend deprivation index, lifestyle, and history of chronic diseases, participants in the top HPDS quartile were at lower risk, compared to those in the bottom quartile, of overall CVD (HR: 0.92 [95%CI: 0.88,0.95]), IHD (HR: 0.88 [95%CI: 0.83,0.93]), MI (HR: 0.82 [95%CI: 0.74,0.90]), and HF (HR: 0.86 [95%CI: 0.78,0.95]). Adherence to a healthy plant-based heart-protective diet rich in non-starchy vegetables, fruits, wholegrains, and fish, is associated with a reduced cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality.
WNT-1/2B/3A/4/5A : Time Behavioural Study of 3rd Order Combinations in WNT3A Stimulated HEK 293 Cells
Authors: Sinha Shriprakash
Published: February 2025

The WNT proteins are a family of a number of cysteine-rich glycoproteins which activate signal transduction cascades via three different pathways, the canonical WNT pathway, the noncanonical planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, and the noncanonical WNT/Ca2+ pathway. Here, a time behavioural study of 3rd order WNT combinations in WNT3A stimulated HEK 293 cells is presented. Gujral and MacBeath [1] provides a quantitative, and dynamic study of WNT3A-mediated stimulation of HEK 293 cells, where they record time based expression profiles of several response genes which correlated significantly with proliferation and migration. By monitoring the dynamics of gene expression using self-organizing maps, they identified clusters of genes that exhibit similar expression dynamics and uncovered previously unrecognized positive and negative feedback loops. However, their study depicts/uses singular measurements of individual gene expression at different time snapshots/points to infer the system wide analysis of the pathway. At any particular time point, it is often the case that genes are working synergistically in combinations, even though their expression measurements are singular in nature. Here, I • enumerate and rank all 2415 WNT (particular family member) related 3rd order combinations in a forest of 71C3 combinations using four different sensitivity methods; • show the conserved rankings for WNT-X-X combinations, which point to existence of biological synergy of some of these combinations across the different sensitivity methods; and • study the behaviour of some of these combinations related to WNT3A response genes that are ranked by the machine learning search engine (Sinha [2]) in time. Patterns of combinations emerge, some of which have been tested in wet lab, while others require further wet lab analysis.
An Introduction of Globorotalia (Turborotalia) Oceanica Cushman & Bermudez, 1949 in the Modern Ocean
Authors: Scott George
Published: February 2025

To assess the validity of Globorotalia (Turborotalia) oceanica Cushman and Bermudez, 1949 in the Holocene four samples from the tropical Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea, currently referred to Truncorotalia crassaformis, are analysed with procrustes transformed data for their integrity as representatives of local populations. While axial shape is weakly globose, it is highly variable and is related terminal growth of specimens and the depth at which samples were taken. The outline profile of late-formed chambers commonly forms a smooth curve, but mal-formed terminal chambers are often compressed at the periphery. There is only incipient formation of a keel at the periphery. The shape of the holotype falls centrally in the joint scatter of the four samples. The relation of these Holocene samples to Truncorotalia crassaformis is evaluated from a comparison of Holocene tropical Atlantic samples with one from the warm subtropical Southwest Pacific. The conical axial profile of the latter specimens, usually with a keel at the compressed periphery, resembles the neotype of Truncorotalia crassaformis. They are strongly discriminated from the Holocene tropical Atlantic samples of Truncorotalia oceanica which is judged to be a valid morphospecies in the modern tropical Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea. The close similarity of the axial profile of late-formed chambers of early Pliocene specimens with modern counterparts is demonstrated.
Quantifying the Risk of Accidents and Serious Incidents Due to Maintenance in General Aviation
Authors: Scarpazza Daniele Paolo , Hutter Joseph Anthony
Published: February 2025

In the United States, General Aviation (GA) moves a small volume of passengers, but it accounts for a disproportionate number of accidents and serious incidents. There is concern among GA pilots and owners that an airplane is more likely to fail in the first hours of service following maintenance, e.g., human errors during maintenance and early mortality of newly installed components. However, no prior work has investigated whether this concern is substantiated by data. Prior research has analyzed maintenance-related failures in airline transport aviation, but not in GA. This paper asks the question: does evidence show higher rates of aircraft-caused accidents and serious incidents in GA airplanes just returned to service after inspective maintenance? We analyze GA events reported to the NTSB between 2008 and 2024, comparing the post-maintenance reliability sampled on adverse events caused by aircraft alone, against those caused by human error alone. We find that the answer is yes: the risk is 33.8% higher than baseline in the first hour following an inspection, and it remains higher than baseline for at least the first 31 hours. Heightened pilot and operator caution in the early hours in service after an inspection are therefore justified.
Sustainable Financing of Higher Education in East Asia: Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Hoang Anh-Tuan , Lin Tzu-Bin
Published: February 2025

Higher education sustainable finance is the financial framework developed with three dimensions of a higher educational institution's (HEI) operational activities including HEI environmental factors, HEI Social factors; and HEI Governance factors. The longitudinal study was conducted to estimate and compare the sustainable finance issues and propose policy-based solutions in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. Data collection was conducted to analyze the secondary data from the GRI guideline, THE Ranking, and STARS framework. The research results discovered the most challenging issue is the university governance factor of sustainable finance activities in East Asian higher education. The policy-based solutions proposed as the strategy and sustainable ﬁnancial policy framework, sustainable evidence-based policymaking, and sustainable educational service business model development. The study implicates higher education to improve sustainable finance at the system level toward higher education for sustainable development in East Asian and Asia Pacific countries.
Optimal Control of Stochastic Dynamic Systems with Semi-Markov Parameters
Authors: Lukashiv Taras , Malyk Igor V. , Hemedan Ahmed Abdelmonem , Satagopam Venkata P.
Published: February 2025

The paper considers the generalization of the so-called Markov switching models to the case of generalized semi-Markov switching models, where main model is described by Ito stochastic differential equation. The synthesis problem of the optimal control for a stochastic dynamic system with the semi-Markov parameters is solved. To determine the corresponding functions for Bellman functional and optimal control the system of ordinary differential equations is investigated. The case of linear equations is considered in more detail with closed form of optimal control and corresponding model example.