bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cryogenics as an Advanced Method of Cleaning Cultural Heritage: Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Vega-Bosch Aina , Santamarina-Campos Virginia , Colomina-Subiela Antoni , Carabal-Montagud María-Ángeles
Published: January 2022

The conservation and restoration of cultural heritage rely on technology and products designed for other sectors. The incorporation of new equipment requires exhaustive studies to ensure the viability of the new method linked to the safety of the technique, both for the operator and for the artwork. For this purpose, this research presents a preliminary approach to the study of dry ice blasting for its possible incorporation in the field of cultural heritage. This technique is characterized by being harmless for the operator and does not require washing times or subsequent evaporation as a result of solvent retention. It is an efficient and sustainable treatment, widely used in the technological, aerospace and industrial sectors. The article shows a theoretical analysis of the research results obtained by other specialists with the aim of introducing this technique in the eco-sustainable study of innovative technologies for the cleaning of culturally relevant surfaces. It describes the procedure of cryogenics, some cleaning equipment currently available and relevant case studies for both industrial and patrimonial contexts. Through the compilation and processing of documentary sources, we will be able to understand, define and analyze this new technique, specifying some basic aspects for its experimental evaluation. The attempt to incorporate cryogenics in the field of heritage is an improvement towards the reduction of the ecological management derived from the use of chemical waste. It is an innovative resource, full of benefits for the sector, in addition to contributing to five Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 Agenda. This contribution allows progress towards a safer, greener and more sustainable restoration, reducing the dangers associated with the use of solvents and their irremediable ecological impact.
Sustainable Fruit Growing: From Orchard to Table-Editorial Commentary
Authors: Duralija Boris
Published: January 2022

Fruit production has faced many challenges in recent years as society seeks to increase fruit consumption while increasing safety and reducing the harmful effects of intensive farming practices (e [...]
Fresh Insight through a Keynesian Theory Approach to Investigate the Economic Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Pakistan
Authors: Abbass Kashif , Begum Halima , Alam A. S. A. Ferdous , Awang Abd Hair , Abdelsalam Mohammed Khalifa , Egdair Ibrahim Mohammed Massoud , Wahid Ratnaria
Published: January 2022

Beyond the immediate impositions of dealing with COVID-19, this disease represents a severe and significant challenge confronting Pakistan’s economy. The study’s objective was to evaluate the coronavirus epidemic’s effect on Pakistan’s economy and measures devised to mitigate the damage done by this disease. The study research design used the elementary concept of Keynesian theory comprising of the mapping of systematic behavior of the COVID-19 pandemic. Issues were formally underpinned, described, and visualized through the Keynesian theory concept. The eruption of COVID-19 has jolted the national and international economy. Pakistan is included, causing millions of people to stay at home, lose their jobs, and suspend or end business operations. Unemployment in Pakistan has reached nearly 25 million people, driving many towards conditions of hunger and poverty as the major economic damage in several sectors is anticipated at around PKR 1.3 trillion. The hardest-affected sectors comprise industries such as tourism and travel, financial markets, entertainment, manufacturing, etc., having a devastating effect on gross domestic product (GDP). It is mainly daily-wage earners and people running small businesses that have been seriously exploited and subjected to a curfew-like situation. However, the Keynesian theory suggests that supportive macroeconomic policies must restore trust, demand recovery, and provide interest-free loans to overcome Pakistan’s currently upcoming crisis.
Empirical Study on the Sustainable Development of Mountain Tourism in the Early Stage of High-Speed Railways—Taking the Southwest Mountainous Region of China as an Example
Authors: Liu Mengdi , Li Yanan , Pérez-Sánchez María de los Ángeles , Luo Jianji , Bu Naipeng , Chen Yu , Bao Jiangshan
Published: January 2022

This study focuses on the early stage of high-speed railways (HSRs) and corrects problems in a timely manner and integrates the direction for tourism development. Its aim is to realize the sustainable development of mountain tourism in the southwest region of China. Based on the panel data from 2010 to 2019 of 39 cities in Guizhou, Guangxi, and Yunnan provinces, which are in the southwest mountainous region of China, and using data envelope analyses, the Malmquist productivity index, the Tobit model, and the intermediary effect, this study verifies the impact of core factors on the development efficiency of mountain tourism in the early stage of an HSR to find the problems existing in tourism development at present and in future stages. Results show the following: (1) In its early stage, an HSR is not yet the key factor to improve the efficiency of tourism development in the mountainous region. (2) The promotion effect of an HSR on the efficiency of tourism development is delayed. (3) In its early stage, an HSR breaks the balance of resource investment and wastes resources. (4) Taking HSRs is born out of the rigid demand of residents in the mountainous region rather than of their income levels. (5) Accessibility in mountain tourism plays a positive role between HSRs and the efficiency of tourism development.
Literature Review Reveals a Global Access Inequity to Urban Green Spaces
Authors: Sun Yan , Saha Somidh , Tost Heike , Kong Xiangqi , Xu Chengyang
Published: January 2022

Differences in the accessibility to urban resources between different racial and socioeconomic groups have exerted pressure on effective planning and management for sustainable city development. However, few studies have examined the multiple factors that may influence the mitigation of urban green spaces (UGS) inequity. This study reports the results of a systematic mapping of access inequity research through correspondence analysis (CA) to reveal critical trends, knowledge gaps, and clusters based on a sample of 49 empirical studies screened from 563 selected papers. Our findings suggest that although the scale of cities with UGS access inequity varies between countries, large cities (more than 1,000,000 population), especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), are particularly affected. Moreover, the number of cities in which high socioeconomic status (high-SES) groups (e.g., young, rich, or employed) are at an advantage concerning access to UGS is substantially higher than the number of cities showing better accessibility for low-SES groups. Across the reviewed papers, analyses on mitigating interventions are sparse, and among the few studies that touch upon this, we found different central issues in local mitigating strategies between high-income countries (HICs) and LMICs. An explanatory framework is offered, explaining the interaction between UGS access inequity and local mitigating measures.
The Design of Tasks to Suit Distance Learning in Emergency Education
Authors: Daher Wajeeh , Abo Mokh Amnah , Shayeb Shaheen , Jaber Reema , Saqer Khitam , Dawood Iman , Bsharat Maysa , Rabbaa Mohammad
Published: January 2022

Researchers are interested in task design in distance learning. This task design is critical in emergency education that uses distance learning. The present research investigated mathematics and science teachers’ task design in distance learning during the emergency education due to COVID-19. Fourteen teachers participated in the research: seven mathematics teachers and seven science teachers. The data collection tool was the interview, and the data analysis tools were deductive and inductive content analysis, where the deductive analysis was based on the didactic situation framework. The research results indicated that the participating teachers could utilize the technological tools to design tasks that encourage the students’ devolution regarding the activities that they carry out. Furthermore, the use of the potentialities of the distance learning platforms enabled successful communication between the participants in the didactic situation. It is recommended that quantitative research is used to investigate the ways in which the various components in the design could affect students’ learning.
The Utilization of Selected Threatened or Protected Plant Species; A Case of Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Rasethe Marula , Potgieter Martin , Pfab Michèle
Published: January 2022

In Limpopo Province, harvesting plants for herbal use by traditional health practitioners and ordinary people is an everyday practice. The study investigated the utilization of the following Threatened or Protected Plant-listed species (TOPS): Alepidea amatymbica Eckl. & Zeyh., Brackenridgea zanguebarica Oliv., Dioscorea sylvatica Eckl., Drimia sanguinea (Schinz) Jessop, Siphonochilus aethiopicus (Schweinf.) B.L.Burtt and Warburgia salutaris (G.Bertol.) Chiov. in Limpopo Province, South Africa. A total of 333 participants were interviewed in this study, across the five districts of the Limpopo Province. Results indicate that traditional health practitioners (THPs) and community members (CMs) use these species exclusively for medicinal purposes. Remedies were often prepared using the underground parts of the plants, which were purchased chiefly from muthi shops–shops trading in both indigenous and exotic plant and animal material used for witchcraft and/or healing. Just over 58.4% of respondents indicated that they purchase material from muthi shops due to their scarcity in local communal lands. In contrast, nearly 40% of participants disclosed that they harvest material from open access land. Only 1.6% of participants sourced these plants from their home gardens. The preference for underground parts and species rarely cultivated in home gardens will lead to extinction of wild populations unless users switch to alternative parts for sustainability.
Effects of Sea Breeze on Urban Areas Using Computation Fluid Dynamic—A Case Study of the Range of Cooling and Humidity Effects in Sendai, Japan
Authors: Peng Shiyi , Kon Yusuke , Watanabe Hironori
Published: January 2022

Sea breezes have a significant influence on the urban environment of coastal cities. Therefore, the study of the sea breeze cooling range and its relationship with specific humidity is of great significance for improving the urban environment of coastal cities. This study aims to reproduce the climate of Sendai using the regional Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, clarify the influence range of sea breezes in Sendai, and create an urban environmental climate map. The results revealed a strong correlation between the measured temperatures and the calculated results, and that the cooling effect range of sea breezes was mainly concentrated in the coastal area. In addition, the temperature rise mitigation effect changed over time, and although the maximum mitigation effect range affected a part of the urban area, it did not reach the inland area. In comparison, the specific humidity increased over time from the coastal area to the inland area. It was found that sea breezes mainly affected a part of the urban area and coastal areas in terms of temperature, but affected inland areas in terms of specific humidity. The results show that the range of the cooling effect of sea breezes on temperature was only concentrated within 5 km of the coast; in terms of moderating the temperature rise, there was an effect within the area ~7 km from the coast. In terms of humidity, the effect of sea breezes occurred approximately 1 h later than the effect of temperature.
Integrated Approach for Carbon Sequestration and Wastewater Treatment Using Algal–Bacterial Consortia: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Viswanaathan Shashirekha , Perumal Pitchurajan Krishna , Sundaram Seshadri
Published: January 2022

Increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2), one of the important greenhouse gases, due to combustion of fossil fuels, particularly burning coal, have become the major cause for global warming. As a consequence, many research programs on CO2 management (capture, storage, and sequestration) are being highlighted. Biological sequestration of CO2 by algae is gaining importance, as it makes use of the photosynthetic capability of these aquatic species to efficiently capture CO2 emitted from various industries and converting it into algal biomass as well as a wide range of metabolites such as polysaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids, pigments, and vitamins. In addition, their ability to thrive in rugged conditions such as seawater, contaminated lakes, and even in certain industrial wastewaters containing high organic and inorganic nutrients loads, has attracted the attention of researchers to integrate carbon capture and wastewater treatment. Algae offer a simple solution to tertiary treatments due to their nutrient removal efficiency, particularly inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus uptake. The algal–bacterial energy nexus is an important strategy capable of removing pollutants from wastewater in a synergistic manner. This review article highlights the mechanism involved in biological fixation of CO2 by microalgae, their cultivation systems, factors influencing algal cultivation in wastewater and CO2 uptake, the effect of co-cultivation of algae and bacteria in wastewater treatment systems, and challenges and opportunities.
Sustainable Supply Chain and Business Performance: The Impact of Strategy, Network Design, Information Systems, and Organizational Structure
Authors: Fu Qinghua , Abdul Rahman Abdul Aziz , Jiang Hui , Abbas Jawad , Comite Ubaldo
Published: January 2022

Technological advancement and the highly competitive nature of business have forced organizations to use multiple strategies to streamline their business operations. Current research investigates the relationship between sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) and business performance, focusing on operational and financial performance. It provides insights into the operational structure, resource utilization, and the identification of strategic tools needed to strengthen organizational performance. The researchers conducted unstructured interviews with 41 industrialists and analyzed them via open-source coding and deducing reasoning. A questionnaire was developed by analyzing critical scientific literature and unstructured interviews. Empirical responses were taken from 202 industrial corporations. The structural analyses indicate that the effective execution of SSCM significantly improves firms’ operational and financial performance. The findings also provide detailed information about different components of SSCM, namely supply chain strategy (SCS), supply chain network design (SCND), organizational structure, and information system, and explain how it relates to the previous literature review by using a multivariate statistical analysis, followed by structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings of current research highlight the significant role of SSC in accelerating firms’ operational and financial performance and suggest that SSCM should be taken as a secondary strategy and must be integrated with the overall business strategy.
Sustainable Food Production: An Intelligent Fault Diagnosis Framework for Analyzing the Risk of Critical Processes
Authors: Soltanali Hamzeh , Khojastehpour Mehdi , Pais José Edmundo de Almeida e , Farinha José Torres
Published: January 2022

Fault diagnosis and prognosis methods are the most useful tools for risk and reliability analysis in food processing systems. Proactive diagnosis techniques such as failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) are important for detecting all probable failures and facilitating the risk analysis process. However, significant uncertainties exist in the classical-FMEA when it comes to ranking the risk priority numbers (RPNs) of failure modes. Such uncertainties may have an impact on the food sector’s operational safety and maintenance decisions. To address these issues, this research provides a unique FMEA framework for risk analysis within an edible oil purification facility that is based on certain well-known intelligent models. Fuzzy inference systems (FIS), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS), and support vector machine (SVM) models are among those used. The findings of the comparison of the proposed FMEA framework with the classical model revealed that intelligent strategies were more effective in ranking the RPNs of failure modes. Based on the performance criteria, it was discovered that the SVM algorithm classifies the failure modes more accurately and with fewer errors., e.g., RMSE = 7.30 and MAPE = 13.19 with that of other intelligent techniques. Hence, a sensitivity FMEA analysis based on the SVM algorithm was performed to put forward suitable maintenance actions to upgrade the reliability and safety within food processing lines.
An Integrated Variance-COPRAS Approach with Nonlinear Fuzzy Data for Ranking Barriers Affecting Sustainable Operations
Authors: Ramana K. N. S. Venkata , Krishankumar Raghunathan , Trzin Maja Sudjicki , Amritha P. P. , Pamucar Dragan
Published: January 2022

Sustainability is becoming the core theme of every organization to protect the planet from the drastic effects of climate change. Many organizations have drastically changed their practices to encourage green habits for sustainable operations. Practitioners have discussed the difficulties in the literature owing to the adoption of sustainable aspects of environmental, economic and social paradigms in the organization. One can identify diverse barriers, and ranking them would help policy-makers plan their actions. Motivated by this claim, a new integrated approach with nonlinear fuzzy data is put forward in this paper. The nonlinear mapping of fuzzy data provides a better representation of uncertainty, which inspired the authors to use nonlinear data. Further, the attitudinal variance method is proposed for a weight assessment of the criteria that can handle hesitation effectively and consider each agent’s reliability. The Boran principle in the nonlinear context is used to calculate the reliability values. Complex proportional assessment (COPRAS), a popular ranking algorithm, is extended to nonlinear data for rationally ranking barriers that affect sustainable operations. An illustrative example exemplifies the usability of the approach, and a comparison/sensitivity analysis reveals the pros and cons of the framework.
Rearrangement of Energy Levels between Energy Super-Bands Characterized by Second Chern Class
Authors: Sadovskii Dmitrii , Zhilinskii Boris
Published: January 2022

We generalize the dynamical analog of the Berry geometric phase setup to the quaternionic model of Avron et al. In our dynamical quaternionic system, the fast half-integer spin subsystem interacts with a slow two-degrees-of-freedom subsystem. The model is invariant under the 1:1:2 weighted SO(2) symmetry and spin inversion. There is one formal control parameter in addition to four dynamical variables of the slow subsystem. We demonstrate that the most elementary qualitative phenomenon associated with the rearrangement of the energy super-bands of our model consists of the rearrangement of one energy level between two energy superbands which takes place when the formal control parameter takes the special isolated value associated with the conical degeneracy of the semi-quantum eigenvalues. This qualitative phenomenon is of topological origin, and is characterized by the second Chern class of the associated semi-quantum system. The correspondence between the number of redistributed energy levels and the second Chern number is confirmed through a series of examples.
Some Explicit Expressions for Twisted Catalan-Daehee Numbers
Authors: Lim Dongkyu
Published: January 2022

In this paper, the author considers the twisted Catalan numbers and the twisted Catalan-Daehee numbers, which are arisen from p-adic fermionic integrals and p-adic invariant integrals, respectively. We give some explicit identities and properties for those twisted numbers and polynomials by using p-adic integrals or generating functions.
Railway and Tourism: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Peira Giovanni , Lo Giudice Agata , Miraglia Stefania
Published: January 2022

From the second half of the 20th century, numerous railways, especially in industrial and mining areas, were abandoned for economic reasons. The activism of the “railfans”, who are fond of trains, has made it possible to set up voluntary associations that have been the lifeblood of the beginning of projects for the recovery of the historic railway heritage and the promotion of it in a touristic sense. This topic is worthy of attention, and during recent years it has been the focus of several research papers. A systematic literature review was performed using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes) methodology. This tool is a minimal set of evidence-based elements aimed at helping authors to carry out a systematic literature review. This systematic literature review sought to consolidate knowledge on the subject. The research team formulated three research questions related to the dynamics of railway heritage recovery, the dynamics of railway tourism and the relationship between sustainability and railway tourism. The findings highlighted that the railway tourism process always originates from a project for the restoration of railway heritage, possibly maintaining authenticity. The voluntary associations, along with their “railfans”, are the main stakeholder, not only preserving the rail heritage but also developing railway tourism activities. The touristic railway could regenerate the local community, with positive benefits on the local economy. Many tourists could be attracted by railway tourism destinations in that they wish to live memorable experiences related to the nostalgia of the past.
Long-Term Studies of Cyg X-3 High-Mass X-ray Binary
Authors: Sinitsyna Vera , Sinitsyna Vera
Published: January 2022

Cyg X-3 is the famous binary system containing a black hole that is actively studied through a wide range of the electromagnetic spectrum, from radio wavelengths to ultra-high-energy gamma-rays, but still not well-understood. The Cyg X-3 focusing investigations obtained from the long-term observations at 800 GeV–100 TeV energies with the SHALON telescope are presented. The modulation of the γ-ray emission detected in these studies with an orbital period of 4.8 h was found, proving the identity of the observed object with Cyg X-3. The comparison of light curves in the wide energy range from radio to very high energy γ-rays, folded on the Cyg X-3 orbital period, revealed the differences in the modulation amplitude and phase shifts. The studies of Cyg X-3 activity at very-high energies, including information about TeV and MeV-GeV flare and quenched states and the relationship between the ones in the entire wide energy range, are presented. The modulation of TeV γ-ray flux with orbit along with the high luminosity of the companion star of Cyg X-3 and the close orbit of binary leads to an efficient generation of the part of γ-ray emission in the inverse Compton scattering. The correlation of TeV fluxes with the flaring activity of Cyg X-3 at X-ray and radio ranges could be related to processes of powerful mass ejections from the central regions around the black hole.
On the Significance of Interferometric Revivals for the Fundamental Description of Gravity
Authors: Streltsov Kirill , Pedernales Julen Simon , Plenio Martin Bodo
Published: January 2022

We show that an interaction between a harmonic oscillator and a two-level test mass (TLTM) mediated by a local operations and classical communication (LOCC) channel produces a signature that in (D. Carney et al., PRX Quantum 2, 030330 (2021)) is claimed to be exclusively reserved for channels that can transmit quantum information. We provide an explicit example based on a measurement-and-feedback channel, explain where the proof of Carney et al. fails, discuss to what degree setups of this type can test the nature of the gravitational interaction and remark on some fundamental implications that an LOCC model of gravity may have in black hole physics.
Deploying Viruses against Phytobacteria: Potential Use of Phage Cocktails as a Multifaceted Approach to Combat Resistant Bacterial Plant Pathogens
Authors: Farooq Tahir , Hussain Muhammad Dilshad , Shakeel Muhammad Taimoor , Tariqjaveed Muhammad , Aslam Muhammad Naveed , Naqvi Syed Atif Hasan , Amjad Rizwa , Tang Yafei , She Xiaoman , He Zifu
Published: January 2022

Plants in nature are under the persistent intimidation of severe microbial diseases, threatening a sustainable food production system. Plant-bacterial pathogens are a major concern in the contemporary era, resulting in reduced plant growth and productivity. Plant antibiotics and chemical-based bactericides have been extensively used to evade plant bacterial diseases. To counteract this pressure, bacteria have evolved an array of resistance mechanisms, including innate and adaptive immune systems. The emergence of resistant bacteria and detrimental consequences of antimicrobial compounds on the environment and human health, accentuates the development of an alternative disease evacuation strategy. The phage cocktail therapy is a multidimensional approach effectively employed for the biocontrol of diverse resistant bacterial infections without affecting the fauna and flora. Phages engage a diverse set of counter defense strategies to undermine wide-ranging anti-phage defense mechanisms of bacterial pathogens. Microbial ecology, evolution, and dynamics of the interactions between phage and plant-bacterial pathogens lead to the engineering of robust phage cocktail therapeutics for the mitigation of devastating phytobacterial diseases. In this review, we highlight the concrete and fundamental determinants in the development and application of phage cocktails and their underlying mechanism, combating resistant plant-bacterial pathogens. Additionally, we provide recent advances in the use of phage cocktail therapy against phytobacteria for the biocontrol of devastating plant diseases.
Distinct Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients with Positive or Negative RT-PCR Test
Authors: Saad Menezes Maria Clara , Santinelli Pestana Diego Vinicius , Ferreira Juliana Carvalho , Ribeiro de Carvalho Carlos Roberto , Felix Marcelo Consorti , Marcilio Izabel Oliva , da Silva Katia Regina , Junior Vilson Cobello , Marchini Julio Flavio , Alencar Julio Cesar , Gomez Luz Marina Gomez , Mauá Denis Deratani , Souza Heraldo Possolo ,   Emergency USP COVID-19 Group,   HCFMUSP COVID-19 Study Group
Published: January 2022

Identification of the SARS-CoV-2 virus by RT-PCR from a nasopharyngeal swab sample is a common test for diagnosing COVID-19. However, some patients present clinical, laboratorial, and radiological evidence of COVID-19 infection with negative RT-PCR result(s). Thus, we assessed whether positive results were associated with intubation and mortality. This study was conducted in a Brazilian tertiary hospital from March to August of 2020. All patients had clinical, laboratory, and radiological diagnosis of COVID-19. They were divided into two groups: positive (+) RT-PCR group, with 2292 participants, and negative (−) RT-PCR group, with 706 participants. Patients with negative RT-PCR testing and an alternative most probable diagnosis were excluded from the study. The RT-PCR(+) group presented increased risk of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, length of hospital stay, and 28-day mortality, when compared to the RT-PCR(−) group. A positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR result was independently associated with intubation and 28 day in-hospital mortality. Accordingly, we concluded that patients with a COVID-19 diagnosis based on clinical data, despite a negative RT-PCR test from nasopharyngeal samples, presented more favorable outcomes than patients with positive RT-PCR test(s).
Assessing Occurrence and Biological Consequences of Contaminants of Emerging Concern on Oceanic Islands
Authors: Diamond Kelly M. , Good Christopher J. , Johnny Nina , Sakihara Troy S. , Edmiston Paul L. , Faust Jennifer A. , Schoenfuss Tonya C. , Rubin Alexander M. , Blob Richard W. , Schoenfuss Heiko L.
Published: January 2022

Freshwater streams on oceanic islands serve critical ecological and economic functions. However, these are underrepresented in assessments of pollution from contaminants of emerging concern (CEC). Furthermore, freshwater streams and their endemic fauna often have characteristics that are distinct from those of continental streams and model species, calling extrapolations from studies of such systems into question for island streams. In the current study, we assessed the presence of CEC across three sampling events and five freshwater streams on the Island of Hawai’i. We also exposed juveniles of the native fish species Sicyopterus stimpsoni to a mixture of commonly co-occurring CEC for 96 h in static renewal experiments, testing for impacts of CEC in two ecologically relevant assays of functional performance. CEC from multiple sources were ubiquitous in Hawaiian streams, including human-use pharmaceuticals, agricultural herbicides, and industrial runoff. Concentrations of CEC were comparable to published studies from continental streams, exceeding total concentrations of 1000 ng/L for the eight quantified CEC in four samples, and approaching 2500 ng/L in one sample. Effects on exposed fish were subtle and limited to treatments with higher CEC concentrations but indicated potential impacts of CEC on locomotor performance. These results indicate that Hawaiian streams follow a global trend of widespread freshwater pollution by CEC that are accompanied by subtle effects on native fish species and highlight the need for the inclusion of endemic species and ecologically relevant assays when assessing the effects of contaminants in island habitats.
Simulation Accuracy of EROSION-3D Model for Estimation of Runoff and Sediment Yield from Micro-Watersheds
Authors: Singh Manmohanjit , Yousuf Abrar , Singh Harpreet , Singh Sukhdeep , Hartsch Kerstin , von Werner Michael , Almaliki Abdulrazak H. , Elnaggar Ashraf Y. , Hussein Enas E. , Ali Hager R.
Published: January 2022

The present study was conducted to test the efficiency and applicability of the EROSION-3D (Jürgen Schmidt, Berlin, Germany) model in the lower Shivaliks of Northwest India. Two similar micro-watersheds in terms of soil characteristics and land use were selected for calibration and validation of the model. The model was calibrated using the data from seven rainstorms of micro-watershed A and validated using data from 11 rainstorms in micro-watershed B. After calibration, the overall statistical parameters, namely RMSE (0.44 mm), percent error (4.92), correlation coefficient (0.94) and model efficiency (88%), clearly indicate that the model simulated runoff quite well in conditions prevalent in Shivaliks. For sediment yield, the overall statistical parameters, namely RMSE (0.365 Mg ha−1), percent error (12.71), correlation coefficient (0.97) and model efficiency (88.32%), clearly indicate that the model simulated sediment yield also quite well. During the validation process, for runoff, RMSE (1.72 mm), percent error (19.19), correlation coefficient (0.94), and model efficiency (81.25%) and, for sediment yield, RMSE (0.19 Mg ha−1), percent error (17.16), correlation coefficient (0.97), and model efficiency (74.48%) clearly demonstrate the reasonable accuracy of the EROSION-3D model to predict runoff and soil loss from micro-watersheds located in Shivaliks of Northwest India. Therefore, the EROSION-3D may be used as decision support system for soil conservation management decisions in the lower Shivaliks of India.
Hydroelastic Waves in a Frozen Channel with Non-Uniform Thickness of Ice
Authors: Shishmarev Konstantin , Zavyalova Kristina , Batyaev Evgeniy , Khabakhpasheva Tatyana
Published: January 2022

The periodic flexural-gravity waves propagating along a frozen channel are investigated. The channel has a rectangular cross section. The fluid in the channel is inviscid, incompressible and covered with ice. The ice is modeled by a thin elastic plate whose thickness varies linearly. Two cases have been considered: the ice thickness varies symmetrically across the channel, being the smallest at the center of the channel and the largest at the channel walls; the ice thickness varies from the smallest value at the one wall to the largest value at another wall. The periodic 2D problem is reduced to the problem of the wave profiles across the channel. The solution of the last problem is obtained by the normal mode method of an elastic beam with linear thickness. The behavior of flexural-gravity waves depending on the inclination parameter of the ice thickness has been studied and the results have been compared with those for a constant-thickness plate. Dispersion relations, profiles of flexural-gravity waves across the channel and distributions of strain in the ice cover have been determined. In the asymmetric case, it is shown that for long waves, the most probable plate failure corresponds to transverse strains at the thin edge of the plate, which can lead to detachment of the ice from the corresponding bank. For short waves, the longitudinal stresses within the plate, localized closer to the thick edge, become maximum. This can lead to cracking of the plate in transverse direction. In the symmetric case, the maximum strains are achieved inside the plate—close to the center, but not necessarily in the midpoint.
Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Families Due to Chronic Consumption of Nitrate-Contaminated Water in Rural Areas with Intensive Livestock and Agricultural Practices in Durango, Mexico
Authors: García-Torres Edgar , Pérez-Morales Rebeca , González-Zamora Alberto , Calleros-Rincón Esperanza Yasmín
Published: January 2022

Nitrate is a widely disseminated water pollutant and has been linked to health disorders, including hypothyroidism. Here, we evaluated the relationship between thyroid function and chronic exposure to nitrates in rural zone families, in addition to the genetic and autoimmune factors. Exposure and effect biomarkers, thyroid hormones, and autoantibodies of tiroperoxidase were measured, as well the presence of two FOXE1 polymorphisms (rs965513, rs1867277). Pearson’s correlation, principal component analysis, Kruskal–Wallis, and chi-squared tests were used for statistical analysis. A total of 102 individuals were analyzed; 45% presented subclinical hypothyroidism, a negative correlation was observed between methemoglobin and the total T3 (r = −0.43, p = 0.001) and free T3 levels (r = −0.34, p = 0.001), as well as between TSH and the free T4 (r = −0.41, p = 0.0001) and total T4 (r = −0.36, p = 0.0001). A total of 15.7% had positive antithyroid ab-TPO, while the polymorphic genotype (AA) represented only 3% (rs965513) and 4% (rs1867277) among subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism. The high frequency of subclinical hypothyroidism in the population under study could be related, mainly, to chronic exposure through the consumption of nitrate-contaminated water.
Effect of environmental and behavioural factors on microbiological air quality of operating rooms
Authors: Singh Gurmail , Biswal Manisha , Koushal Vipin , Dhaliwal Navneet
Published: January 2022

Introduction: An operating theatre (OT) is a very complex setup, which presents numerous challenges for both patients and health care providers. A safe OT environment decreases the susceptibility of patients to postoperative infections. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine microbiological air quality for establishing baseline values and to assess concurrently the effect of environment and behavioural factors in 46 OTs of a tertiary care hospital. Materials & Methods: The OTs were divided into two groups based on the type of air flow: laminar diffuser (Group I) or conventional diffuser (Group II). Two hundred and thirty-eight samples were collected with an active technique using a sieve impactor, sampling at 100 L/minute. Statistical analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 20 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results: In Group I OTs with the laminar diffuser, bacterial and fungal values during the lean period for environmental and behavioural factors were 47.78 colony forming units (CFM)/m3 and 0.24 CFU/m3, respectively. The bacterial and fungal values during the surgical period were 98.01 CFU/m3 and 0.40 CFU/m3, respectively. The same values for Group II OTs with the conventional diffuser were 52.83 CFU/m3 and 0.39 CFU/m3 during the lean period, and 80.06 CFU/m3 and 0.40 CFU/m3 during the surgical period. Discussion: Both environmental and behavioural factors – temperature, humidity, percentage of fresh air in circulation, door type, controlled entry, minimal door opening and proper OT attire – were seen to contribute concurrently to maintaining air quality in operating units.
Prescribing Patterns of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Patients with CKD: A Cross-Sectional Registry Analysis
Authors: Zhuo Min , Li Jiahua , Buckley Leo F. , Tummalapalli Sri Lekha , Mount David B. , Steele David J.R. , Lucier David J. , Mendu Mallika L.
Published: January 2022

Key Points

The prescribing patterns of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) in the CKD population remain largely unknown.

Prescription of SGLT-2i was low in patients with CKD, particularly those without diabetes.

Younger Black men with a history of heart failure and cardiologist visit were associated with higher odds of SGLT-2i prescription.

Background

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) reduce kidney disease progression and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), regardless of diabetes status. However, the prescribing patterns of these novel therapeutics in the CKD population in real-world settings remain largely unknown.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included adults with stages 3–5 CKD included in the Mass General Brigham (MGB) CKD registry in March 2021. We described the adoption of SGLT-2i therapy and evaluated factors associated with SGLT-2i prescription using multivariable logistic regression models in the CKD population, with and without diabetes.

Results

A total of 72,240 patients with CKD met the inclusion criteria, 31,688 (44%) of whom were men and 61,265 (85%) White. A total of 22,653 (31%) patients were in the diabetic cohort, and 49,587 (69%) were in the nondiabetic cohort. SGLT-2i prescription was 6% in the diabetic cohort and 0.3% in the nondiabetic cohort. In multivariable analyses, younger Black men with a history of heart failure, use of cardiovascular medications, and at least one cardiologist visit in the previous year were associated with higher odds of SGLT-2i prescription in both diabetic and nondiabetic cohorts. Among patients with diabetes, advanced CKD stages were associated with lower odds of SGLT-2i prescription, whereas urine dipstick test and at least one subspecialist visit in the previous year were associated with higher odds of SGLT-2i prescription. In the nondiabetic cohort, CKD stage, urine dipstick test, and at least one nephrologist visit in the previous year were not significantly associated with SGLT-2i prescription.

Conclusions

In this registry study, prescription of SGLT-2i was low in the CKD population, particularly among patients without diabetes.
IDENTIDADE DO PEDAGOGO: UMA ANÁLISE FENOMENOLÓGICO-HERMENÊUTICA
Authors: Claro Ana Lúcia De Araújo , Silva Cláudia Sebastiana Rosa da , Brojato Henrique Costa
Published: January 2022

Este artigo objetiva analisar criticamente como os pedagogos escolares participantes de um programa de formação continuada compreendem a construção da sua identidade profissional em seu cotidiano de atuação. A análise de cunho fenomenológico hermenêutico, utilizou o protocolo de observação de um dos encontros do programa de formação continuada intitulado “Identidade profissional do pedagogo” e memoriais construídos pelos 16 pedagogos como instrumentos de pesquisa. Infere-se que a identidade dos pedagogos se apresenta como um processo em construção, sendo materializada no fazer pedagógico, na prática educativa, mas por outro lado engendra em situações por vezes contraditórias de resistência, acúmulo de atribuições e estado de solidão, afinal, são profissionais responsáveis pela sua própria formação e pela formação do professor.
RAUL DA FERRUGEM AZUL: DISCUTINDO O PAPEL DO ESPECTADOR DE BULLYING A PARTIR DA LITERATURA
Authors: Medeiros Lívia Cristina Cortez Lula de
Published: January 2022

O artigo é recorte de uma tese de doutorado vinculada à Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). Seu objetivo é apresentar como a leitura de literatura pode ser trabalhada para se discutir o papel dos espectadores em situações de bullying entre escolares, levando-os a refletirem sobre a violência entre pares. Nesse estudo, o foco da discussão recai sobre o conto “Raul da Ferrugem Azul”, de Ana Maria Machado (2012). Metodologicamente, caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa com intervenção. O locus de sua realização foi uma escola pública do Município de Natal – RN (BRASIL), em uma turma de 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Na intervenção pedagógica, realizaram-se dois encontros para a leitura e discussão do conto de Machado (2012). As sessões foram estruturadas a partir da andaimagem (GRAVES; GRAVES, 1995), levando-se em consideração os momentos de pré-leitura, leitura e pós-leitura. Sua análise ancorou-se em princípios da Análise de Conteúdos (BARDIN, 2010), sendo abordadas as seguintes categorias: motivação à leitura, estímulo à discussão, incentivo à reflexão, relação texto-vida e da reflexão ao julgamento. Os resultados da análise revelam que a mediação pedagógica, construída com base em questionamentos, foi de suma importância para que os sujeitos pudessem agir ativamente nas sessões de leitura e construíssem relações entre a violência na ficção e o modo de agir dos espectadores na vida real, considerando as agressões presentes cotidianamente no ambiente escolar.   Palavras-chave: Literatura; Bullying; Espectadores
EDITORIAL
Authors: Novaes Marcus Pereira , Vicentin Marcelo , Baptistella Rosana , Guimarães Luis Gustavo
Published: January 2022

Editorial
RODAS DE LEITURA EM UMA UNIVERSIDADE PÚBLICA
Authors: Da Silva Márcia Cabral , De Oliveira Claudia Fernandes de Amorim , Ferreira Patrícia Fernandes de Barros
Published: January 2022

Neste estudo apresentam-se os principais objetivos e resultados relacionados ao Projeto de Extensão Rodas de Leitura Literária na EDU – Faculdade de Educação da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. A perspectiva teórica e metodológica adotada diz respeito à relação entre leitura, literatura e leitura do mundo (FREIRE,1998). Considera-se a continuidade do projeto em razão de sua relevância acadêmica e social.
AVALIAÇÃO DA LEITURA E ESCRITA NO CONTEXTO DA ALFABETIZAÇÃO: UM ESTUDO DAS PESQUISAS NACIONAIS
Authors: Zacharias-Carolino Aline Gasparini , Osti Andréia
Published: January 2022

Este trabalho objetiva compreender, por intermédio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, as formas de avaliação da leitura e da escrita no contexto da alfabetização. Os resultados indicam uma dicotomia entre os instrumentos e as formas de avalição presentes nos artigos analisados.
A POTÊNCIA DE ESPAÇOS COMO EJA E CRAS PARA UMA NOVA LEITURA SOBRE A CONDIÇÃO DA MULHER
Authors: Angelin Furlan Susana , Ferreira Débora Sara
Published: January 2022

Este artigo traz reflexões acerca da narrativa de duas educadoras-pesquisadoras. Ancora-se metodologicamente pela pesquisa autobiográfica e pesquisa narrativa, dispondo-se a olhar a condição da mulher. Ao transitar por entre os espaços da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) e o Centro de Referência de Assistência Social (CRAS), as indagações no que concerne à nossa condição e de todas as mulheres, torna-se potente. À primeira vista estes espaços não cumprem os mesmos objetivos, porém ao se encontrarem em um grupo de pesquisa ESCRIARTE, denotou que esses espaços poderiam ser potentes quando proporcionam uma leitura sobre a condição da mulher em dinâmicas nas duas instituições. Partimos assim de importantes reflexões proporcionadas por um amplo arcabouço cultural, como o livro “Quarto de despejo” de Carolina Maria de Jesus, o conto “uma galinha” de Clarice Lispector, a música descontruindo Amélia, interpretada pela cantora Pitty, e o curta-metragem “Vida Maria” dirigido por Márcio Ramos.
A BNCC E A LITERATURA PARA O ENSINO MÉDIO: UMA PROPOSTA DE LEITURA
Authors: De Christo Alzira Fabiana
Published: January 2022

A presente pesquisa apresenta uma proposta de leitura a partir dos contos "O tamanho do mundo", de Miguel Sanches Neto e "Umas Férias", de Machado de Assis. Além das duas narrativas, a proposta aborda o filme de Marcus Werneck, também intitulado “O tamanho do mundo” (2013) e baseado na narrativa do escritor paranaense. Com a homologação da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), em 2018, háa preocupação em compreender esse documento e pensar em material didático para as aulas de literatura no Ensino Médio. Deste modo, a pesquisa teve a intenção de analisar contos de literatura contemporânea e compará-los com textos produzidos em outro momento histórico, visando estar em conformidade com o que propõe o documento oficial, para subsidiar a ação pedagógica de professores do Ensino Médio. A fundamentação teórica utilizada para a análise dos textos, diz respeito principalmente às obras de Philippe Ariès (1981), Walter Benjamin (2002, 2011) e Aleida Assmann (2011).
ESPERANÇA EQUILIBRISTA: LEITURA EM MEIO A ADVERSIDADES
Authors: Silva Ezequiel Theodoro da
Published: January 2022

A leitura pode ser concebida como um processo de qualificação contínua das decisões/ações das pessoas em sociedade. Essa concepção não só sinaliza a importância da aprendizagem, domínio e prática da leitura, mas também abre caminho para o pleno exercício da cidadania por permitir mais conhecimentos sobre a razão de ser dos fenômenos (fatos e acontecimentos), e por impulsionar os indivíduos em direção à sua humanização/conscientização constante. O impulso-acesso à leitura enfrenta adversidades no Brasil desde o Período Colonial, debilitando - e por vezes intencionalmente bloqueando ou impedindo - os processos de democratização do livro e demais suportes da escrita que registram e movimentam as ideias socialmente. Dessa forma, pretende-se mostrar alguns esforços que mostram como a esperança por mais e melhores leituras se equilibra, às vezes cai, mas não morre completamente em decorrência do trabalho de profissionais e instituições que deixam conquistas registradas na história da sociedade brasileira.
O CONTO QUE AS CAIXAS CONTAM: UMA METODOLOGIA LÚDICA PARA CONTAR HISTÓRIAS
Authors: Brejo Janayna Alves
Published: January 2022

O Projeto de Extensão “O conto que as caixas contam” realiza “contações” e confecções de caixas de histórias, a partir de contos da Literatura Infantil e Juvenil com o objetivo de apresentar estratégias lúdicas para contar histórias na Educação Infantil e nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Sua metodologia envolve três etapas: o estudo e a seleção das narrativas, a confecção das caixas com materiais reutilizáveis e, as “contações”. Desde 2020, devido à pandemia causada pela Covid-19, vem se desenvolvendo no formato on-line oferecendo apresentações e minicursos para estudantes e profissionais da educação. Após cinco anos de existência, além de encantar crianças e adultos, constata-se que o Projeto está contribuindo para a formação de novos(as) contadores(as) de histórias, graças à sua prática instigante e envolvente.