bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MACF1 Deficiency Suppresses Tooth Mineralization through IGF1 mediated Crosstalk Between Odontoblasts and Ameloblasts
Authors: Qian Airong , Qiu Wuxia , Lin Xiao , Yang Shaoqing , Zhang Kewen , Yang Chaofei , Li Yu , Miao Zhiping , Deng Xiaoni , Duan Xiaohong
Published: July 2022

Tooth mineralization is a ubiquitous and tightly regulated process in vertebrates which usually share the similar mechanisms of bone mineralization. However, key molecules in tooth mineralization remain poorly identified. Previously, we showed the crucial roles of MACF1 in promoting osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. In this study, odontoblast-specific Osx-Cre;Macf1f/f mice and in vitro cell culture systems were used to investigate the roles of MACF1 in tooth formation. We found that deficiency of MACF1 in odontoblast caused delayed development, abnormal morphology, decreased mineral density and deteriorated microarchitecture in both dentin and enamel of mice. The expression of odontoblast marker genes and ALP activity were suppressed in in vitro cultured Macf1 deficiency odontoblasts. Meanwhile, the ameloblast marker genes and ALP activity were also inhibited in ameloblasts co-cultured with the Macf1 deficiency odontoblasts, indicating the key roles of MACF1 in modulating the process of formation and mineralization in enamel and dentin. Transcriptome sequencing analysis of tooth germs and cytokine antibody array analysis of odontoblast mineralization-inducing medium proved that MACF1 deficiency in odontoblasts inhibited crosstalk between odontoblasts and ameloblasts through IGF1. Altogether, our studies have revealed a novel key molecule MACF1 in tooth mineralization and provided a new target for diseases related to dental development.
Transcriptome Analysis of the sh2 Mutant Reveals that sh2 Gene Mutation Affects Zein Accumulation in Maize Endosperm
Authors: Han Xiaohua , Zhou Bo , Xu Wen
Published: July 2022

Maize plants with a mutation of the shrunken2 (sh2) gene are characterized by a collapsed kernel, a phenotype that is associated with reduced starch synthesis. In this mutant, zein accumulation is significantly lower than that of wild-type maize during the kernel-filling stage. To gain a better understanding of how the sh2 gene mutation affects zein accumulation, we compared the gene expression profiles of the sh2 mutant and wild-type maize by RNA sequencing analysis and quantitative real-time PCR. A total of 4,457 differentially expressed genes were identified and the top enriched metabolic processes included genes involved in sugar metabolism, storage protein synthesis, and amino acid metabolism, as well as genes encoding transcription factor family and auxin-binding proteins. Our results indicate that mutation of the sh2 gene in maize endosperm affects the transcript and protein levels of zein genes, whereas little change was observed in the expression level of known zein-regulated genes, such as the endosperm-specific transcription factor Opaque2 (O2), the prolamine-box binding factor, the O2 heterodimerizing proteins OHP1 and OHP2, and the MADS-box protein ZmMADS47. We accordingly suspect that zein production might be affected by transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation through changes in transcription factors and metabolic enzyme expression, rather than by regulation of the genes directly associated with zein biosynthesis. These findings indicate that carbon and nitrogen metabolic pathways are tightly coordinated to ensure appropriate development of the maize endosperm.
Analysis of factors affecting the mortality of patients with multi-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia
Authors: Deng Yanling , Chen Lin , Yue Mingrui , Huang Xiaobo , Yang Yang
Published: July 2022

Background
The purpose of this study was to review the treatment plan of patients with multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) pneumonia and analyze the factors associated with patient deaths and the medication regimen.
Methods
We collected 1,823 qualified respiratory specimens that were culture-positive for multi-drug resistant AB (MDR-AB). 166 patients confirmed to have hospital-acquired MDR-AB pneumonia were selected as the research subjects. The differing clinical characteristics and treatment interventions between the surviving group and death group within 28 days after MDR-AB diagnosis were analyzed.
Results
The mortality rate was high for those aged > 75 years (p = 0.001). Patients who underwent invasive catheter placement (p < 0.001) and mechanical ventilation (p = 0.046) had a higher mortality rate. Combination therapy with tigecycline can reduce the mortality rate (p < 0.001) of MDR-AB pneumonia in patients with carbapenem-resistant AB. Combination therapy with sulbactam was shown to reduce the mortality rate (p < 0.001), and high-dose sulbactam (> 3 g/day) may be better than low-dose sulbactam (≤ 3 g/day).
Conclusions
Reducing the time of invasive catheter placement and mechanical ventilation in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), antimicrobial treatment, combined with tigecycline and sulbactam, may help reduce the mortality rate in patients with MDR-AB hospital-acquired pneumonia.
Evolution of Double Vortices Induce Tropical Cyclogenesis of Seroja over Flores, Indonesia
Authors: Yulihastin Erma , Taofiqorahman Ankiq , Fathrio Ibnu , Nauval Fadli , Andarini Dita Fatria , Hatmaja Rahaden Bagas , Fahim Akhmad , Perdani Namira Nasywa , Satyawardhana Haries , Ismail M. Furqon Azis , Nugroho Dwiyoga , - Suaydhi , Sofiati Iis , Qodrita Lely , Rahmawati Herlina Ika
Published: July 2022

Over one hundred years of vigorous progress in tropical cyclone (TC) research, the genesis of the cyclone (hereafter, tropical cyclogenesis) is remarkable as a doubtful subject. Furthermore, predicting tropical cyclogenesis, particularly in the lesser latitude, remains a significant challenge. Therefore, understanding the complex interactions in developing tropical cyclogenesis over the region is vital to improving tropical cyclogenesis forecasting. Hence, the Indonesia Maritime Continent is a tropical cyclone-free region due to decreasing the Coriolis effect. However, Seroja TC hits Flores (8.6o S, 120o E), east Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, on 4 April 2021, and recorded as the first TC occurred over the mainland, which brought a catastrophic disaster in the region. This study investigated the tropical cyclogenesis of Seroja by using both observational and numerical studies. The results indicate that a marine heatwave and double vortices were favorable conditions produced preconditions to developing tropical cyclogenesis over the Maluku Sea. Thus, tropical cyclogenesis is formed by the breakdown of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) associated with synoptic-scale wave train driven under the interaction of the Madden Julian oscillation (MJO) and equatorial Rossby waves. Moreover, our finding suggested that an extensive background cyclonic vorticity under the cold pool mechanisms is responsible for maintaining tropical cyclogenesis into a persistent Seroja TC.
Pregnancy Outcomes in Cervical Incompetence Patients with Abnormal Vaginal Flora Treated with Cervical Cerclage
Authors: li xue , tang Mingyan , Xiao Yi , Zhang Hong
Published: July 2022

Objective: To explore whether cervical cerclage can improve pregnancy outcomes in patients with abnormal vaginal flora during pregnancy. Methods: Total of 1,261 pregnant women participated in study. According to the diagnosis, they were divided into cervical insufficiency group (CIC group) and normal pregnancy group (NP group). The CIC group patients were randomly received cervical cerclage (CIC-C group) or expectation therapy (CIC-E group). Vaginal secretion samples of the patients in the groups were collected and analyzed in the laboratory. Meanwhile, through the results of vaginal flora, CIC-C group and CIC-E group were further divided into normal vaginal flora groups (CIC-C-N group, CIC-E-N group) and abnormal vaginal flora groups (CIC-C-A group, CIC-E-A group). All groups are processed accordingly and analyzed on pregnancy outcomes. Results: Among 1261 vaginal secretion specimens, the positive rate of pathogenic bacteria was 21.9%. The pathogen detection rates in CIC group and NP group were 32.9% (229/696) and 8.5% (48/565). 23 types of vaginal flora were detected in CIC group, and 9 were detected in NP group. The proportions of women who had term birth were 75.94% in the CIC-C group, 70.03% in the CIC-E group, and 87.79% in the NP group. The rates of preterm birth and pregnancy complications in CIC-E group were higher than in CIC-C group (19.87% vs. 15.54%, 9.09% vs. 6.51%, p<0.05). Compared with the CIC-C-A group, the CIC-E-A group had a lower term delivery rate (61.84% vs. 77.78%) and a higher incidence of pregnancy complications (22.37% vs. 9.15%). Conclusions: Cervical incompetence is associated with vaginal flora diversity. Cervical cerclage can improve pregnancy outcomes in cervical incompetence patients with abnormal vaginal flora.
Elaboration and study of the capacitive properties of polyaniline composite films – mixed oxides, nickel-cobalt (Ni 0.6 Co 2.4 O 4 ) electrochemically synthesized on a platinum electrode
Authors: Cissé Mor , Guèye Mamadou , Diop Modou , Guène Makhtar
Published: July 2022

The design of electrode material for energy production and storage devices is becoming more and more timely in a world where energy is an essential pillar for development. This context urges us to develop and study the capacitive properties of polyaniline composite films – mixed oxide of Ni0.6 Co2.4O4 which can be used as electrode material. In the present study, the mixed oxides of Ni0.6Co2.4O4 were synthesized by the sol gel method via propionic acid. Polyaniline – Ni0.6Co2.4O4 composite films deposited on a platinum substrate (Pt/PANI - Ni0.6Co2.4O4) were prepared by incorporating mixed nickel and cobalt oxide particles into the matrix of polyaniline. This process was realized by chronoamperometry by electropolymerization of the aniline monomer dissolved in a 1M HCl electrolyte with different contents of Ni0.6 Co2.4 O4 oxides (0.5 g/L, 1 g/L).Physical and electrochemical characterizations were made with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), UV-visible spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. SEM, EDS and UV-visible analyzes confirmed the nature of the synthesized products and the incorporation of Ni0.6Co2.4O4 in the composite films. The electrochemical performance measurements of the Pt/PANI-Ni0.6 Co2.4 O4 film (1 g/L) give a specific capacity about 386.108 F.g -1, which is much higher than that of the Pt/ PANI, 164.340 F.g -1 at 5 mV/s.
ACTN3 gene polymorphism (rs1815739) and FMS values in young runners
Authors: Bulğay Celal , Ödemiş Meriç , Bayraktar Işık , Yıldırım Damla Selin , Cerit Mesut , Ergün Mehmet Ali
Published: July 2022

Purpose
Several polymorphisms are involved in athletic performance, especially in injuries incidence. But there is no studies have analyzed the impact of genotypes on FMS performance in runners. The present study aims to investigate the ACTN3 gene polymorphism and FMS values in young runners competing at the national level.
Methods
45 licensed runners (29 male 64.4%, 16 female 35.6%) competing at the national level in different clubs affiliated to the ? Athletic Federation and training regularly at least five days a week voluntarily participated in the study. The DNA isolation of oral swab samples was carried out using the spin column (MN Macherey-Nagel, Germany) method. The genotyping process was performed using the real-time PCR method. The FMS test battery was used to determine the functional capacity.
Results
According to the findings obtained, it was determined that in the FMS evaluation of the female runners, the runners with the CC genotype had a significantly higher mean score compared to the runners with the CT genotype (p < 0.033) while in the male runners, the runners with the CT genotype had a significantly higher mean score compared to the runners with the TT genotype (p < 0.031). However, in the FMS evaluation of the overall runners, no significant difference was found (p > 0.205).
Conclusion
It is thought that the FMS test battery and the ACTN3 gene polymorphism, which is among the important variables responsible for non-impact injuries, can be effective in the level of muscle damage, the type of muscle injury, the prediction of injuries and reducing the risk factors that may cause injuries.
High Proton Conduction in Ba2LuAlO5 with Highly Oxygen Deficient Layers
Authors: Morikawa Riho , Murakami Taito , Fujii Kotaro , Avdeev Maxim , Yashima Masatomo
Published: July 2022

Proton conductors have found diverse applications such as electrolytes of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), but they are required to have high ionic conductivity at low temperatures and chemical stability. Here, we report a new oxide Ba2LuAlO5, which exhibits higher proton conductivity than 10‒2 S cm‒1 between 350 and 800°C, high diffusivity and high chemical stability without any chemical doping. Ba2LuAlO5 is a hexagonal perovskite-related oxide with highly oxygen deficient h' layers, which enables a large amount of water uptake x = 0.22 in Ba2LuAlO5·x H2O. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations show that the water molecules dissociate into the h' layer and that protons migrate mainly around the interface of cubic closed packed c layers. These results demonstrate that the high proton conduction allowed by the highly oxygen deficient h' and closed packed c layers is a promising strategy for the exploration and development of high-performance proton conductors.
Proposition and Application of Multi-Criteria Analysis With Fuzzy Logic Approach and Consequential Life Cycle Assessment to Support Decision Making
Authors: Maranduba Henrique Leonardo , Cruz Rosenira Serpa da , Rodrigues Luciano , Neto José Adolfo de Almeida
Published: July 2022

Purpose
Use the consequential life cycle assessment (cLCA) tool to support decision-makers in product and service sustainability analyses.
Methods
Approach using a multicriteria fuzzy controller (MFC) associated with the cLCA to assist in the sustainability assessment, including different perspectives (environmental, exergetic, and economic), allowing more objectivity and confidence in interpreting results. The case used in this study to test the purpose uses a cradle-to-grave approach with a system expansion boundary (avoided burdens) of transporting one ton of cargo by one kilometer, with diesel B, using four ReCipe Midpoint categories (H) and the Cumulative Exergy Demand – CExD in the impact assessment. Three representative variables were chosen to test the integrated approach, two LCIA categories (CC and CExD) and an economic variable (Price).
Results
This work presented an approach that integrates cLCA and Fuzzy Logic, solving the limitations mentioned and providing a decision-making tool that can receive inputs from any Triple Bottom Line dimension (environmental, social, and economic) and generate objective results. When used autonomously, the cLCIA presents results with trade-offs, categories with positive (CC, FE, and ALO), negative (CExD), or neutral impacts (NLT). When combined with Fuzzy Logic, the results bring surfaces, and response areas that allow decision-makers to visualize the limits and trends of the best scenarios, facilitating consensus and managing conflicts.
Conclusions
The association of fuzzy controller LCA tools enabled more direct and objective results and findings to support decision-making, integrating different sustainability perspectives. Specifically, in the case study of biofuels, the approach allows decision-makers to assess future scenarios about their composition to reconcile compliance with international environmental agreements with local socio-economic needs.
How Can the Blind and Visually Impaired Be Involved in Stem Disciplines in Nigeria
Authors: Adelakun Sariat Ajibola , Abdulsalaam Aminat Obakhume , Chukuka Udonna Evangeline , Kehinde Michael Adeyinka , Shittu Musibau Adeniyi
Published: July 2022

Blind and visually impaired students (BVI) face a lot of challenges in education especially in science and mathematics at the basic education level, technology and engineering at the post-basic education and tertiary level of education in Nigeria. Globally, BVI are also known to face similar challenges; however, some solutions have already been developed to improve their access to Science Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). This study specifically investigates how the BVI can be included in STEM disciplines from the relevant stakeholders. The result obtained from the questionnaire showed that there should be adaptations of resources for teaching and learning to BVI. The remaining students, teachers or lecturers should be accommodating. They should also believe in their abilities, encourage and allow them to perform and achieve their maximum potential in life. The results also show that many teachers are ready to include them in their classes and the technicians are ready to support the teachers/lecturers.
Peer-led recovery groups for people with psychosis in South Africa (PRIZE): protocol for a randomized controlled feasibility trial
Authors: Asher Laura , Rapiya Bongwekazi , Repper Julie , Reddy Tarylee , Myers Bronwyn , Hanlon Charlotte , Petersen Inge , Brooke-Sumner Carrie
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThe available care for people with psychosis in South Africa is inadequate to support personal recovery. Group peer support interventions are a promising approach to foster recovery, but little is known about the preferences of service users, or the practical application of this care model, in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). This study aims to assess the acceptability and feasibility of integrating peer-led recovery groups for people with psychosis and their caregivers in South Africa into existing systems of care, and to determine key parameters in preparation for a definitive trial.MethodsThe study is set in Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan district of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The design is an individually randomised parallel group feasibility trial comparing recovery groups in addition to treatment as usual (TAU) with TAU alone in a 1:1 allocation ratio. We aim to recruit 100 isiXhosa-speaking people with psychosis and 100 linked caregivers. TAU comprises anti-psychotic medication-focused outpatient care. The intervention arm will comprise seven recovery groups, including service users and caregiver participants. Recovery groups will be delivered in two phases: a 2-month phase facilitated by an auxiliary social worker, then a 3-month peer led phase. We will use mixed methods to evaluate the process and outcomes of the study. Intervention acceptability and feasibility (primary outcomes) will be assessed at 5 months post-intervention start using qualitative data collected from service users, caregivers and auxiliary social workers, along with quantitative process indicators. Facilitator competence will be assessed with the GroupACT observational rating tool. To explore potential effectiveness, quantitative outcome data (functioning, unmet needs, personal recovery, internalised stigma, health service use, medication adherence and caregiver burden) will be collected at baseline, 2 months and 5 months post-intervention start. Trial procedures will be assessed, including recruitment and retention rates, contamination, and validity of quantitative outcome measures.DiscussionThis study will contribute to the sparse evidence on the acceptability and feasibility of peer-led and recovery-oriented interventions for people with psychosis in LMIC when integrated into existing care systems. Results from this feasibility trial will inform preparations for a definitive trial and subsequent larger scale implementation.Trial registrationRegistered at Pan-African Clinical Trials Register on 28th February 2022. PACTR202202482587686. https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=21496
FamilyCoviDD19 Study: Lower SARS-CoV-2 transmission in children and adolescents compared to adults
Authors: Schumm Leonie , Blankenburg Judith , Kahre Elisabeth , Armann Jakob , Dalpke Alexander H. , Lück Christian , Berner Reinhard , Czyborra Paula
Published: July 2022

In the COVID-19 pandemic, children were considered to play a major role in SARS-CoV-2 transmission similar to influenza. Thus, mitigation measures have been focused on children, impacting their everyday life severely. However, infectivity in this age group regarding SARS-CoV-2 is not yet clarified. We performed a serology study in households with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection to evaluate virus transmission with focus on children and adolescents. Between January and July 2021, 341 minors and 650 adults from 300 households with a confirmed index case participated in the FamilyCoviDD19-study including serological assessment for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and a questionnaire on demographics, recent and ongoing symptoms, hygiene measures and comorbidities. 45 (16.3%) of all index cases were < 18 years old. Thereof, 55.6% reported COVID-19 associated symptoms, while nearly all adult index cases were symptomatic (94.8%). There was significantly less virus transmission by children and adolescents compared to adult index cases with a secondary attack rate of 0.29 vs. 0.54. With the caveat that the results do not necessarily apply to the Delta and Omicron variants, we conclude that children and adolescents are less susceptible for SARS-CoV-2 infection, more frequently show an asymptomatic course of disease and are less infective than adults.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Escherichia coli and Shigella Isolated from Stool Samples from Adults and Children in Zambia
Authors: Hatyoka Luiza Miyanda , Mubanga Cynthia , Silwamba Suwilanji , Luchen Charlie Chaluma , Mukena Nawa , Chibesa Kennedy , Mwape Kapambwe , Chilyabanyama Obvious Nchimunya , Chibuye Mwelwa , Chirwa Joseph Mwaba , Sukwa Nsofwa , Patel Rica , Ngulube Joseph , Mwaba John , Chisenga Caroline Cleopatra , Simuyandi Michelo , Chilengi Roma
Published: July 2022

IntroductionAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing public health problem in low-to-middle income countries which have a high burden of infectious diseases. Poor antimicrobial stewardship in these regions has resulted in a rise in reported cases of AMR creating a need for country specific data to inform policy on the strategies of combating AMR. Here we show antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Shigella, and E. coli isolated from stools of children under 5 years of age and adults. MethodsThe study was nested under an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) vaccine clinical trial and diarrhoea surveillance. Stool samples were collected at baseline, during scheduled visits and whenever the participants presented with diarrhoea as per study design. Following microbiological techniques for culture and microorganism identification, pure colonies were run on the BD Phoenix™ 100 for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility. For ETEC identification, colony PCR was done on all E. coli positive samples using heat-labile toxin and stable toxin specific primers, respectively.ResultsAmong the 211 samples analysed, 52.5% were from individuals with diarrhoea. Un-typed E. coli were the most common organism isolated (63.6%), followed by ETEC (12.7%) and 4.8% were Shigella sp. Majority of the organisms isolated were either susceptible or intermedial (80-100%) to all tested antibiotics except for Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole which showed a high resistance of 82 – 93%. We also observed some multi-drug resistance (3.5%) among all organisms tested to the different antibiotics.ConclusionsThe observed high prevalence of co-trimoxazole resistance and intermedial susceptibility to fluoroquinolones among ETEC, Shigella and other un-typed E. coli isolates, is critical for informing policy on the urgent need for antimicrobial stewardship and strengthening of AMR surveillance systems in Zambia.
Willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine among HIV positive men who have sex with men in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wu Songjie , Zhu Shanhui , Yan Xumeng , Xu Yongshi , Xu Huifang , Yang Fang , Han Zhigang , Gu Yuzhou , Zhou Yi , Yang Zhengrong , Yang Huake , Shu Bo , Tang Weiming , Liang Ke
Published: July 2022

Background：People living with HIV(PLWH) are deemed more vulnerable to the SARS-CoV-2 infection than the uninfected population. Vaccination is an effective measure for COVID-19 control, yet, little knowledge exists about the willingness of men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV in China to be vaccinated. Methods：This cross-sectional study evaluated the willingness of MSM living with HIV to receive COVID-19 vaccination in six cities of Guangdong, China, from July to September 2020. Factors associated with willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination using multivariable logistic regression. Results：In total, we recruited 944 HIV-positive MSM with a mean age of 29.2±7.7 years. Of all participants, 92.4% of them were willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Participants who were separated, divorced, or widowed (OR: 5.29, 95%CI: 1.02-27.48), had an annual income higher than 9,000 USD (OR: 1.70, 95%CI: 1.01-2.86), had ever taken an HIV self-test (OR: 1.78, 95%CI: 1.07-2.95), had ever disclosed sexual orientation to a doctor/nurse (OR: 3.16, 95%CI: 1.33-7.50), had ever disclosed sexual orientation to others besides their male partners (OR: 2.18, 95%CI: 1.29-3.69) were more willing to receive the vaccine. Sex with a female partner in the past six months decreased the likelihood of willingness to receive the vaccine (OR: 0.40, 95%CI: 0.17-0.95). Economic burden, worry that my health condition could not bear the risk of receiving COVID-19 vaccines, and concern that the vaccination would affect the immune status and antiretroviral therapy were the main reasons for unwillingness to receive vaccination. Conclusion: Our study showed that HIV-positive MSM had a high willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccination. Targeted interventions such as health education should be conducted among MSM with HIV infection to enhance COVID-19 vaccine uptake.
Forecasts of standardized precipitation index phases over Iran by statistical-dynamical models
Authors: Shirvani Amin , Landman Willem , Bazrafshan Javad
Published: July 2022

Sea-surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) and precipitation forecasts from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction-Climate Forecast System Version 2 (NCEP-CFSv2) model are combined to produce probabilistic forecasts of standardized precipitation index (SPI) phases at the seasonal time scales over Iran. The hybrid statistical-dynamical models are developed by statistical modeling drought probability relies on the combination of retrospective and operational forecasts from NCEP-CFSv2 model. Observed October-December (OND) and January-March (JFM) SPI phases are used to characterize meteorological droughts for the period 1982–2019. Ordinal regression models are applied to estimate the probability of drought phases. The results indicate that the SSTA forecasts over the central and eastern parts of the Pacific Ocean in comparison with precipitation forecasts generally produce higher skill for forecasts of OND SPI phases. The forecasting metrics for OND (JFM) season indicate that the developed models are able to forecast dry (wet) and normal phase better than wet (dry) phase in Iran. The forecast skill for OND SPI phases is generally higher than JFM. In comparison with precipitation forecasts as the individual predictor, the combination of the eastern Mediterranean SSTA and precipitation forecasts produces a significant and higher skill for JFM SPI phases for lead-times of 1 and 2 months. Accordingly, the developed hybrid models improve the probabilistic forecasts of SPI phases over Iran.
Optimization of Ni-Mo Coated Stainless Steel as a High-Performance Cathode in Alkaline Water Electrolysis
Authors: Zhiani Mohammad , Taghiabadi Mohammad Mohammadi , Bagherabadi Mohammad Hassan
Published: July 2022

Due to the importance of low cost and efficient electrodes development for alkaline water electrolysis, optimization of Ni-Mo coated stainless steel is investigated in the work to use as the cathode of alkaline water electrolyser. The crystallographic structure and surface morphology and composition of the studied coatings is characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrocatalytic activity for the Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is evaluated using electrochemical measurement. Also, optimization of electrodeposition bath is investigated to promote the catalytic activity for HER. The results show that Nickel-Molybdenum alloy exhibits better HER activity and at -1.7 V vs. Ag/AgCl, current density of 180 mA cm− 2 is achieved. Also, the cell analysis tests revealed that using optimized electrode, at current density of 1.5 A.cm− 2 and operating temperature of 60°C, the cell operates at 1.9 V that is compatible to use for large scale industrial alkaline water electrolysis units.
Nearly or nanoscale natural amorphous particles in the critical zone and biosphere
Authors: Lu Meiqu , Cao JianJin , Hu Guai , Wang Zeyu , Ma Shaoting
Published: July 2022

The advancement of nanotechnology has made more attention on synthetic nanoscale particles, while naturally nanoscale particles are often overlooked, especially nearly or nanoscale natural amorphous particles (nearly or NNAPs). Here, we report nearly or NNAPs obtained from multiple media for discussing their geochemistry environmental implications in eight deposits with different minerals and background areas. Internal nanoscale arrangement, elemental composition, and structure of nearly or NNAPs were characterized via high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The results show nearly or NNAPs are widespread compounds and have a large number. We established the elemental combination relationship and defined them as a native metal, S–O-, P–O-, and Cl–(O)-bearing as well as oxide nearly or NNAPs. Nearly or NNAPs could as a substance migration form by themselves and using as carriers. With strong geochemical features, nearly or NNAPs can carry high proportion of ore-related metal elements from the concealed ore bodies to the surface, indicating the environmental risks of nearly or NNAPs.
Management of mango mealy bug (Drosicha mangiferae) through innovative glue traps under field conditions
Authors: Kour Ramandeep , Bandral R. S. , Gupta Sachin , Panotra Narinder , Ganai Suheel Ahmed , Ahmad Rayees , Hussain Barkat , Gupta RK
Published: July 2022

Mango mealy bug, Drosicha mangiferae is a cryptic, destructive and polyphagous pest found throughout India and its neighboring countries. We devised, tested and validated the different modules/ techniques as alternatives to synthetic insecticides for managing D. mangiferae under field conditions. The physical barriers, namely glue traps, were found to be highly effective followed by the bristle rings to restrict the bug mobility towards the plant canopy on Mangifera indica and Alistonia scholaris. Among various modules, the holistic module (96.71 to 99.04 percent) proved to be highly effective in significantly suppressing the population of mealy bugs followed by the physical barrier module (82.66 to 89.10 percent). A significant reduction in the nuisance level of this pest in the urban ecosystem was recorded and most of the respondents scored significantly fewer Participants Risk Perception of the pest in terms of pest being plentiful, looking scary, crawling and outdoor reproduction. In contrast, for flying and indoor reproduction it remained non-significant. Similarly, in terms of tolerance level, the respondents contended with the magnitude of control as they recorded a significantly lower score on the three essential questions. The physical modules based upon glue traps are recommended for the eco-friendly management of D. mangiferae on different trees and this technique has the potential to be adopted by resource-poor farmers in India and other countries.
Parental Influence on Physical Activity Levels among Children and Adolescents in Western China in the era of COVID-19
Authors: Shi Mengyao , Shi Yuqing , Zhao Zuhang , Zhai Xiangyu , Fan Xiang
Published: July 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the levels of physical activity (PA) among children and adolescents in western China, and the influence of parents on their PA, in the era of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: This cross-sectional study used a multistage questionnaire to evaluate 4800 children and adolescents of grades 4–12 (9-17 years old) from 48 primary and secondary schools across 16 districts and counties in western China. In addition to PA, questionnaires collected data on demography, family structure, and exercise habits. Data were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) and analyzed using chi-square tests, t-tests, Spearman’s correlation, and logistic regression models in SPSS.Results: In this study, a minority (42.1%, n=1553) of children and adolescents met the daily exercise target (60 min) recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) level of boys was significantly higher than that of girls. Regardless of sex, children with the highest MVPA levels were those in grades 4–6, and PA levels decreased with increasing age. Furthermore, for every hour of increase in the daily MVPA of parents, the MVPA also increased by 6.1–13.9 min in children and adolescents. Moreover, areas of higher economic development were associated with lower levels of MVPA.Conclusions: Overall, this study found a low level of MVPA in children and adolescents of western China; both family structure and parental activity have a significant influence on the PA levels. Nevertheless, the impact of COVID-19 on PA levels has not been entirely negative.
A clinical study involving 72 cases of multiple magnetic beads in the gastrointestinal tract of children
Authors: Li XianLing , Zhang QinMing , Lu ShouYan , Liu TingTing , Li ShuanLing , Chen Long , Xie FangNan , Wang Li , Zhang ChuangHui , Wang DaYong
Published: July 2022

Objective
The objective of this study was to better understand the harm caused by accidental ingestion of multiple beads in children and to improve the consequent management outcomes.
Materials and Methods
Data collected for the analysis of 72 children involved the patient's sex, age, medical history, place of residence (rural or urban) and symptoms, as well as the caregiver's level of education, the location and number of any foreign bodies found during the procedure, whether perforations were confirmed during the procedure, and the number of erroneous ingestion of magnetic beads. Statistical analysis was performed.
Results
There were no statistical differences between the perforated group and the unperturbed group in terms of age, sex, medical history, and number of magnetic beads ingested (P > 0.05). However, there were statistical differences in white blood cell count (P = 0.048) and c-reactive protein levels (P = 0.033), where values were higher in the perforated group than in the non-perforated group.
Conclusion
Abdominal ultrasound and/or abdominal upright x-ray analysis should be performed as soon as possible for rapid diagnosis. Immediate surgical intervention is usually required. Given the serious consequences of ingesting such foreign bodies, it is vital to educate parents and/or caregivers not to keep such products away from young children.
Continuous Voluntary Care Service for Older People in the Chinese Community
Authors: Xin Ying , An Jianzeng , Xu Jia
Published: July 2022

Background: China has limited and expensive paid formal care services and weak unpaid informal family care support for older people, which has caused a care service shortage for older people. Therefore, voluntary care service in the community is important for older people to satisfy their unmet care needs. However, the continuity of voluntary community care services can be improved regarding incentive integration for volunteers. This study analyzes if the community voluntary care services can continuously impact volunteers’ willingness to offer care services for older people. Methods: The study conducted a semi-structured interview analysis based on 15 interviews. Results: It identifies internal incentives, including altruism, social interaction, and self-realization, and external incentives, including social support, specification impetus, and benefit attraction, which all impact volunteers’ willingness to offer voluntary care services for older people. Conclusions: Integrating internal and external incentives strengthens volunteers’ care service activity for providing voluntary care services.
ATRA stimulates the expression of MMP2 and TGF-β2 via RDH5 in retinal pigment epithelium cells
Authors: Mao Yumei , Lan Changjun , Tan Qingqing , Zhou Guimei , Xiang Xiaoling , Lin Jia , Liao Xuan
Published: July 2022

Background
To investigate the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on retinol dehydrogenase 5 (RDH5), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) and transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) transcription levels, and the effect of RDH5 on MMP-2 and TGF-β2.
Methods
After ARPE-19 cells intervened with gradient concentrations of ATRA (0–20 µM) for 24 h, flow cytometry was used to detect the proliferation and apoptosis of cells in each group, and qRT-PCR was used to detect RDH5, MMP2 and TGF-β2 mRNA expression. Then, after ARPE-19 cells transfected with three different siRNA targets for 48 h, the RDH5 knockdown efficiency of each group and expression of MMP-2 and TGF-β2 mRNA within them was detected by qRT-PCR.
Results
Flow cytometry showed that ATRA could inhibit the proliferation of and promote the apoptosis of RPE cells, and the difference of apoptosis was statistically significant when the ATRA concentration exceeded 5 µM and compared with the normal control group (P = 0.027 and P = 0.031, respectively). qRT-PCR results showed that ATRA could significantly inhibit the expression level of RDH5 mRNA (P < 0.001), and promote the expression of MMP2 and TGF-β2 mRNA (P = 0.03 and P < 0.001, respectively) in a dose-dependent manner, especially when treated with 5 µM ATRA. The knockdown efficiency of RDH5 siRNA varies with different targets, among which RDH5 siRNA-435 had the highest knockdown efficiency, i.e., more than 50% lower than that of the negative control group (P = 0.02). When RDH5 was knocked down for 48 h, the results of qRT-PCR showed that the expressions of MMP-2 and TGF-β2 mRNA were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.001).
Conclusions
ATRA inhibited the expression of RDH5 and promoted myopic signaling factors MMP2 and TGF-β2, and further RDH5 knockdown significantly upregulated MMP-2 and TGF-β2. These findings suggest that RDH5 may be involved in myopia development mediated by ATRA.
Highly bright silica-coated InP/ZnS quantum dot-embedded silica nanoparticles as biocompatible nanoprobes
Authors: Ham Kyeong-Min , Kim Minhee , Bock Sungje , Kim Jaehi , Kim Wooyeon , Jung Heung Su , An Jaehyun , Song Hobeom , Kim Jung-Won , Kim Hyung-Mo , Rho Won-Yeop , Lee Sang-Hun , Park Seung-min , Kim Dong-Eun , Jun Bong-Hyun
Published: July 2022

Background
Quantum dots (QDs) have outstanding optical properties such as strong fluorescence, excellent photostability, broad absorption spectra, and narrow emission bands, which make them useful for bioimaging. However, cadmium (Cd)-based QDs, which have been widely studied, have potential toxicity problems. Cd-free QDs have also been studied, but their weak photoluminescence (PL) intensity makes their practical use in bioimaging challenging. In this study, Cd-free QD nanoprobes for bioimaging were fabricated by densely embedding multiple indium phosphide/zinc sulfide (InP/ZnS) QDs onto silica templates and coating them with a silica shell.
Results
The fabricated silica-coated InP/ZnS QD-embedded silica nanoparticles (SiO2@InP QDs@SiO2 NPs) exhibited hydrophilic properties because of the surface silica shell, and the maximum PL intensity of the SiO2@InP QDs@SiO2 NPs was approximately 98.4 times higher than that of a single hydrophilic cadmium selenide/ZnS (CdSe/ZnS) QDs. Moreover, the brightness of the particles could be easily controlled by adjusting the amount of InP/ZnS QDs in the SiO2@InP QDs@SiO2 NPs. When SiO2@InP QDs@SiO2 NPs were administered to tumor syngeneic mice, the fluorescence signal was prominently detected in the tumor because of the preferential distribution of SiO2@InP QDs@SiO2 NPs, demonstrating their applicability in bioimaging with NPs.
Conclusion
Thus, SiO2@InP QDs@SiO2 NPs have the potential to successfully replace Cd-based QDs as highly bright and biocompatible fluorescent nanoprobes.
Epidemiology and Clinical findings of Tinea Capitis: A 23-year retrospective, single-centre study in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Cai Wenying , Huang Junhao , Li Jiahao , Lin Li , Xi Liyan , Zhang Junmin , Li Xiqing , Zhou Zhen , Tang Ying , Liu Hsingmei , Zhang Jing , Lu Sha
Published: July 2022

Background Tinea capitis (TC) is one of the most common public health concerns due to high incidence in preadolescent children. The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of TC varies depended on geographical regions and has changed over the past decades.ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify epidemiological changes in recent decades, including prevalence, clinical and mycological characteristics of TC in southern China.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study at the department of Dermatology of Sun Yat-sen memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University from June 1997 to August 2020.ResultsWe retrospectively evaluated 401 TC patients. Of these patients, 157 (39.2%) were pre-school children aged 3-7 years with male predominance. However, the prevalence in children under 3 years old is on the rise (from 19.67% during the period 1997-2010 to 32.49% during the period 2011-2020). Grey patch was the most common clinical pattern and it was mostly occurred in children (71.3%), while the proportion of grey patch and black dot was almost the same in adult. Although Microsporum canis (76%) was the most common causative organism, the number of T. mentagrophytes complex, as one of zoophilic fungi, has increased more than anthropophilic fungi T. violaceum in resent decade. There was significant difference in the portion of gender among different age groups, and the gender difference was more notable in the adult group, which showed TC prevalence in female is 9 times to male. In male, M. canis and T. mentagrophytes complex were the two most common ausative fungi, while M. canis and T. violaceum were the two most common causative fungi in female. Also, about 61.7% of black dot TC was occurred in female. For treatment, oral anti-fungal therapeutics were widely used in most patient with different treatment duration, although without significant difference in efficacy (P=0.106).ConclusionsIn recent decade, the prevalence of TC in children under 3 years old is on the rise and boys dramatically outnumbered girls. In adult, TC prevalence in female is 9 times to male and most TC occurred in female was presented as black dot. Moreover, zoophilic T. mentagrophytes complex has replaced T. violaceum and now become the second prevalent organism, which is followed by M. canis, of TC.
Infrared thermography is a possible technique for estimation of parturition onset in sows
Authors: Gulliksen Stine Margrethe , Framstad Tore , Kielland Camilla , Velazquez Miguel , Terøy Merethe Molvær , Helland Eirin Merete , Lyngstad Renate , Delgado Armando Oropeza , Oropeza-Moe Marianne
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThis study explores the possibility of using infrared thermography to estimate impending parturition in sows. Infrared devices were used to obtain the superficial body temperature from auricular skin of the sows along with rectal temperature. Three commercial piglet producing farms were included in this study. At two of the farms (1 and 2), the sows were loose housed. At the third farm (Farm 3), the sows were housed in farrowing crates. Temperature measurements from both primiparous and pluriparous sows were taken from approximately one week before the anticipated farrowing date until 24 hours postpartum. Body condition score and parity was documented from each sow. The sows’ activity levels, respiratory rates and environmental temperatures were logged along with skin temperature measurements.Results Auricular skin thermography from two different infrared devices revealed an increase in temperature starting between 16 and 8 hours before farrowing. From 16 hours ante partum to farrowing, the mean auricular skin temperature rose by 3.3 °C and 2.9°C measured with infrared camera and infrared laser thermometer, respectively. Following farrowing, the sows’ skin temperature dropped abruptly. Rectal temperature increased by only 0.4°C in the same time interval. Adjusting for differences between farms, sow activity and respiration rate, we found an average increase of the sows’ skin temperature by 2 °C or more within the last 16 hours before farrowing.ConclusionsMonitoring auricular skin temperatures of sows using infrared thermography individually one week before expected farrowing could provide a baseline temperature for each sow from which a sudden rise in temperature of approximately 2°C or more will be indicative of parturition in the following 8 h. This may lead to more efficient allocation of human assistance during farrowing time and thereby improve farrowing management and welfare of sows and their offspring.
Essential Elements in Plant-Based Burgers – Validation of a Simple Method for Analysis and Nutritional Evaluation
Authors: Luz Gisele Marcondes , Orlando Eduardo Adilson , Pallone Juliana Azevedo Lima
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to validate an alternative analytical method of samples preparation to evaluate the content of essential elements (Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Na, and K) in plant-based burgers (PBBs) marketed in Brazil, formulated with mushroom, pea, chickpea, and soybean. Samples are prepared by wet mineralization in the open system in digester block (DB) and the closed vessel by analytical microwave (AM), employing 50% nitric acid (HNO3) solution, considered eco-friendly and 30% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and subsequent determination of the elements low-cost technique flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). AM proved to be a more adequate mineralization procedure due to the various challenges observed by DB. In the validation of the analytical method, all parameters evaluated met the established prerequisites and followed the official guides. The essential elements contents determined in all types of PBBs varied from 44.2 to 139.2 mg 100 g-1 for Ca, from 29.8 to 95.8 mg 100g-1 for Mg, from 4.0 to 9.3 mg 100g-1 for Fe, 1.4 to 2.8 mg 100g-1 for Zn,