bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of antimicrobial and anticancer activity of Rosemary Rosmarinus oficinalis leaves extracts on pathogenic bacteria and cancer cell lines
Authors: Umran Mahfoodha A. , Kadhemma AssAshwaq A. , Al-Saffar Jinan MJ. , Razwqy Ekbal
Published: November 2021

The present study was carried out to detect the active constitutions extracted from Rosmarinus oficinalis leaves by 70% methanol, the dried weight of aqueous extract (F1) were 12%(w:w) contain polyphenols represented by phenols, flavonoids and coumarins as a major compounds , while the dried weight of organic extract, [chloroform(F2)] was 2.8%(w:w) represented as terpenoids, tannins and coumarins detected by qualitative chemical analysis. Antimicrobial activity of Polyphenols and terpenoids were tested against four pathogenic bacteria isolates including: Escherichia coli; Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus ,which grown on Mueller Hinton agar (MHA) plates and then treated with different concentrations of rosemary extract (F1) and (F2) ranged from 0.15-1.2mg/ml, the results revealed that the higher inhibition zone obtained by F1 were 35mm in S. aureus, 24mm in B. cereus and lowest inhibition were 16mm in E. coli and P. aeruginosa at concentration 1.2mg/ml, and the inhibition were depends on extract concentrations. The MIC value of F1 was 600 µg/ml against S. aureus, 1200 µg/ml against B. cereus and 2400 µg/ml against E. coli and P. aeruginosa, while the MICS values of F2 were 2400 µg/ml against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, and 4800 µg/ml against E. coli and B. cereus. Furthermore calculating index fractional inhibitory concentration (∑FIC) of rosemary extracts (F1 or/and F2), the ∑FICA ranged from synergistic to additional on E. coli and P. aeruginosa respectively, antagonistic on S. aueras and B. cereus, while the ∑FICB index showed synergistic effects on all tested organisms except the additional effect on P. aeurginosa on the basis of resultant zone of inhibition. The anticancer effects of (F1) were used on three cell lines, human larynx epidermoid carcinoma (Hep-2), mammary adenocarcinoma (AMN-3), rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) and one normal cell line, Rat embryo fibroblast (REF) at different concentrations ranged from 62.5-1000 µg/ml. The highest inhibition rate (IR) was 82.41%, 85% on RD, 52.62%, 75.48% on Hep2, 39.14% and 49.75% on AMN-3 at concentrations 500 and 1000µg/ml after 72h exposure time respectively, while IR of Ref cell line exhibit low inhibition rate ranging from 5.8 to 15.7% after 72h in the same conditions.
Study the mechanism of kinetic growth of Algae stuck on various materials as assistant medium for growth in Tigris River
Authors: Al- Hussieny Ahmed Aidan , Rezooqi Ahmed Mohey , Ghalib Mohammed Bassil Ali , Zaiter Uday S. , Fathel Ghania H.
Published: November 2021

Identified and studied the mechanism of growth kinetic for some types of algae stuck on different materials surfaces which sank in Tigris River as medium for growth such as awash surface for boats, aquatic plants, and clay . The results shown participation of the algae: Gyrosigma acumintum, Firgallares capucina var -valvaire, Diatoma elongatum and Oscillatoria sancta which were stuck on awash surfaces in the Tigris River. Results shown also the dominion of diatoms algae Bacillariophyce Class (Cymbella cistula, Diatoma elongatum, Firgallares capucina. var -valvaire, Melosira granulata. var.connective, and Nitzschia )which stuck on the awash surface of cane by 76.4% more than remnant of algae. The class of Cyanophycea (Oscillatoria sancta and Merismopedia glauca ) more dominion by 11.7% than remnant of algae. The class of Chlorophycea (Spirogyra borgeana) more dominion by 5.8% than remnant of algae. The characteristically of Penale's order algae dominion for growth by comparing with Centrals' order algae which consists of diatoms algae (Bacillariophyce class). The characteristic of cane more effect than clay and boats by adhesion of most algae on it during the period of growth on awash surfaces in Tigris River. The concentration value of ammonia and nitrate are 22.4 and 16.8 ppm respectively for test of the clay sample which assist for growth of algae such as Oscillatoria boryana and Oscillatoria sancta. The study identified 25 species for 18 genuses for different algae with dominion ability
Curing of Escherichia coli Antibiotic Resistance Plasmids by Aspirin
Authors: Al Musawi Ibtesam H. , Al Zaag Ali A.
Published: November 2021

An isolate of Escherichia coli (E. coli) was isolated from urine sample due to person infected with urinary tract infection (UTI).The isolate was resistant to the following antibiotics: Ampicillin, Cotrimoxazole, Chloramphenicol and Tetracycline. Agarose gel electrophoresis of its plasmids content has revealed the presence of single large plasmid and two small plasmids bands. The large plasmid was conjugative and contained the resistance genes for four antibiotics. In vitro curing of this plasmid was achieved by treatment with salicylic acid (aspirin) with 150,200,250 and 300 µg/ml as indicated by the elimination of resistance, also by absence of large plasmid band following agarose gel electrophoresis. In vivo curing was conducted using New Zealand rabbits. UTI was induced by bacterial inoculation via urethral catheterization. The E. coli from urine samples of the rabbits, the count of which was proportional to the type of treatment. Minimum number of colonies was associated with group treated with metheprim was aspirin 300mg/kg daily dosage. This result may indicate that the side effect of metheprim was in its maximum with aspirin. Survivor bacteria may indicate incomplete exposure to the drug.
Influence Soaking Gibberellin acid on seed germination for Citrus limetta and Citrus limonum and their seedlings growth
Authors: Al-Shahwany Ayyad W. , Mohammad Fatima K. , Tofiq Ropak
Published: November 2021

Study was undertaken to test the effects of soaking seeds Citrus limetta and Citurs limonum in Gibberellic acid (GA3) solutions 0, 100, 500, 1000 mg / L for 24 hours prior on the rate of germination, some morphological characteristics for seedlings also were investigated in this study. Factorial experiment was carried out 4×2×5 in a randomized complete block design with five replicates for each type of seed during the period of March to September 2011. The results showed significant differences in most traits, as it reached the highest percentage of germination for the treatment with 500 mg/l for both types of seeds, while the highest dry and fresh weights of shoot and root, main root length, highest shoot, leaves number and leaf area index were in 1000 mg /l treatment. No significant effect of GA3 treatment on the amount of A, B and total chlorophyll in the seedlings leaves. The best treatment was soaking seed in 1000gm/l Gibberellic acid. The information documented the stimulating effects of seedling be used to increase the ratio of germination. Also gibberellins stimulated effects continues for some seedlings morphological characteristics and progressively with gibberellins seed treatments influence vary according to genotypes of citrus seeds, that can increase concentrations which used in soaking seeds solutions.
Response of four medical plants of Euphorbia species in callus initiation in vitro
Authors: Aljibouri Abedaljasim M. , Zokian Silva A. Yakoub , Almusawi Ali H.
Published: November 2021

Callus cultures were initiated for four Euphorbia species. Nodule explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, supplemented with different concentrations 0,0.5,1,1.5,2 mg/l of the auxin 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid 2,4-D. Half of the cultures were incubated for16 hrs/day photoperiod, while the other half was incubated under complete darkness. The incubation temperature was 25±1ºC. Observations on number of nodule explants initiated callus were recorded at 2,4,6,8 weeks of culture. For callus maintenance, 50mg of callus produced were re-cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-D 0,0.4,0.8,1.2,1.6 mg/l. Callus fresh and dry weights were recorded after 4 weeks. Results showed that nodule explants of Epeplus and Ehirta incubated under light conditions achieved the highest response to callus initiation 75-100% compared with the other species under experimental conditions. E.Helioscopia incubated under light conditions achieved the lowest response for callus initiation 25-75%. Results also showed significant differences between Euphorbia species in fresh and dry callus weights, E. Ehirta produced the highest fresh and dry weight of callus reaching 1.410 and 0.046 mg respectively. The amount of fresh and dry weight of callus produced under dark conditions was significantly higher than that produced under light conditions.
Effect of Magnetized Water in Some Performance Traits in Mice
Authors: Nasir Gulboy A. , H. Alkhazraji A. A. , A. Norrya A.
Published: November 2021

A Study was conducted to investigate the effect of magnetized water in some performance traits of mice. 80 white Swiss mice, male and female 6-7 weeks of age were randomly divided into two groups; each group included 40 mice’s 20 males +20 females kept in cages separately. Group 1 treatment group were get magnetized water, group 2 control group were get tap water. After whole experimental period 16weeks and 3 days as preliminary period, some performance traits such as body weight BW, total gain TG and feed conversion ratio FCR, in both sexes were determined. Results obtained were revealed that magnetized water 450-500 gauss has no significant effect in BW at 4th, 8th, 12th weeks but males seemed significantly p<0.05 heavier 28.92 gm than females 25.82gm at week 16th in treated groups. TG was significantly p<0.05 higher in males than females in the treated group at 4th and 16th weeks, but it has lack of significance at 8th and 12th weeks. Treated males were progressed in TG in the comparison with control group at week 12th. Differences in FCR between two groups were significant p<0.05 for both sex at week 4th, after 8th weeks FCR tended to similarity, but males had significantly p<0.05 the highest means 1.04 in treated group in the comparison with females which had the lowest 0.94 value at week 12th, at the end of experiment week 16th females had significantly p<0.05, the lowest means 0.7 than males in both groups, but it was not significant in the comparison with females in the control group.
Evaluation the efficiency of Soil Solarization, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma viride, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Glomus mosseae and nematicide furfural against root-knot nematode Meliodogyne javanica on tomato plants
Authors: Hanawi Mohmmed J. , Hamad Bassim Sh. , Hassan Zaid NajI , Aboud Hadi M.
Published: November 2021

This study has been conducted to evaluate the interactive effect of soil solarization, Trichodema harzianum, Trichoderma viride, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Glomus mosseae and Furural on root- knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica on tomato. The results revealed that there were significant effects of solarization alone or in combination with the other control agents on all tested growth parameters of tomato plants. The length of stem and root were 10.6, 12, 5.2, 5.7cm with solarization and non-solarization soils respectively. There were synergistic interaction between solarizaton and control agents, the length of stem and root in Furfural, T. harzianum, T. viride, P. lilacinus, G. mosseae treatmens were (25.3 , 38.2),(18.8 , 29.2),( 15.8 ,17.3), ( 15.2 , 23.1), (13.8,18.8) cm with solarization and (14.7 , 15.2) , (15.4, 21.5 ) , (12.1, 12.1 ) , (9.8,15.1) , (11.2,11.3) cm with non- solarization respectively. The solarization was found to be efficient in reducing the number of root knots per one gram of root of tomato with synergistic interaction with all control agents especially Furural. Generally, Furural has significant superiority in its effect on all growth parameter, followed by T.harzianum, and it was the most effective in reducing number of root-knot (5.6,29) knots for solarized and unsolarized soil respectively followed by T. harzianum , P. lilacinus, .G. mosseae( 42,45,49 )knots /gm roots with solarization.
Effect of different doses of uranyl acetate on some blood parameters and hepatic enzymesin females rats.
Authors: Alzorii Sarah Ghazi
Published: November 2021

This study was carried out to investigate effects of oral administration of uranyl acetate on haematological parameters and liver enzyme. For this purpose, twenty females mature Albino rats were divided into four equal groups, control group G1 administrated distilled water, the other three groups administrated orally 50,75,100 mg/kg/b.w. /day of uranyl acetate. The route of administration was oral intubations for 10 weeks, for 14 days before mating with untreated males, as well as during pregnancy 3 weeks and lactation 5 weeks. At the end of the treatment blood samples were collected from mothers of rats. The results were obtained a significant P< 0.05 increase in the total WBC counts in groups G2,G3,G4 compared with control .A significant P<0.05 decrease in the lymphocytes and monocytes percentage in groups (G3,G4), while no significant decrease P>0.05 in G2 in the lymphocytes and monocytes percentage compared with control. And the results show significant P< 0.05 decrease in HB value in groups G3,G4, while no significant decrease P>0.05 in G2 in HB value compared with control. A significant P< 0.05 decrease was observed in total RBCs counts in groups G2,G3,G4 compared with control. No significant increase P>0.05 in GOT and GPT in groups G2 and G3 and significant P<0.05 increase in GOT and GPT activity in the serum in group G4 compared with control. No significant increase P>0.05 in CPK activity in groups G2,G3,G4 compared with control.
Determination of Anthocyanins Content in Prosopis farcta L. Callus Cultures
Authors: Yahya Rana Tariq , Al-Salih Hanaa Saeed
Published: November 2021

The current study succeeded to initiate callus cultures of Prosopis farcta L. from hypocotyls stems which induced on the agar-solidified MS* medium supplemented with 4.0 mg/ L TDZ alone or with addition of 1.0 mg/ L NAA. Callus initiation percent reached 100% after 7 days of culture when hypocotyls stem segments were cultured on MS medium with addition of both TDZ and NAA. Whereas when TDZ alone were added initiation percent reached 60%. The results revealed detection of high amount of Anthocyanins which reached 440.98 µm/gm of fresh weight of callus cultures, grown on MS* medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/ L NAA and 4.0 mg/L TDZ, then 182.24 µm/gm of fresh weight of callus grown on MS with addition of 4.0 mg/L TDZ alone.MS* : MS medium with increasing KNO3 to 2000 mg/ L, Thiamine-HCl to 0.5mg/ L, Pyrodoxine-HCl to 1.0 mg/L
Effect of Inoculation with Psudomones fluorscens bacteria and Different Levels of Phosphate rock on the Growth and Yield of the Plant Vigna radiata.L
Authors: Saad Turki Muftin , Jasim Sofia Jabbar
Published: November 2021

The pots experiment has been conducted to investigate the effect of inoculation of Psudomones fluorscens bacteria with two levels of Phosphate rock (60 and 120 Kg. ha-1) on growth and yield of livestock plant Vigna radiate. L. Two strains of Psudomones fluorscens that dissolves phosphor have been isolated from the rhizosphere area of okra and corn crops which are symbolized as P1 and P2. xpectivly results revealed surpass bacteria strains over the example strain in most characteristics and P1 has surpassed P2 in the studied chriteria as the rate of nodes (4.67 node plant-1) and the dry weight of the nodes has come to 12.63 mg plant-1. The strain P1 has surpassed in the number of pods and the number of seeds in a pod and the rates of (11.33 node plant-1) and (6.78 seed pod-1) have been recorded. The results have showed the surpassing of the level (120 Kg ha-1) over the level( 60 Kg ha-1) in most studied chriteria as the dry weight of the greenery total recorded by the level (120 Kg ha-1) has been (3.56 gr plant-1) and the rate of the absorbed Nitrogen amounts to 7.41 mg gr.-1 while the rate of the absorbed phosphor is( 1.01 mg gr.-1). The of pods that the level (120 Kg ha-1) has recorded is( 11.0 pod plant-1) . The interaction treatment between the bacteria Psudomones fluorscens and phosphate rock has surpassed in all studied characteristics. The interaction treatment between the strain P1 and the level (120 Kg. ha-1) has recorded the highest rates and in most characteristics as it has recorded the highest rates in the number of root nodes and its dry weight which amount to (10 node plant-1) and( 26.89 mg plant-1). It has also recorded the highest rates in the number of pods and the plant yield of seeds which amount to(13.0 pod plant-1) and (2.1 gr plant-1) respectively.
HLA Polymorphism in a Sample of Iraqi Acute Lymphoid Leukemia Patients
Authors: Ali Ekhlass N , Ad'hiah Ali H , Al-Demardak Ahssan SH
Published: November 2021

The present study aimed to investigate the association between HLA class I (A, B and Cw) and class-II (DR and DQ) antigens and acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) in Iraqi Arab patients (45 subjects). Based on their clinical subtypes the patients were divided into two subtypes, which were L1 (17 patients)and L2 (28patients). The patients were admitted to Baghdad Teaching Hospital and National Centre of Haematological Diseases at Al-Mustansiryiah University for diagnosis and treatment during the period May 2004 - October 2005. Control sample (blood donors) of 180 subjects, matched with patients for ethnic background (Arab Muslims) was also included. The total ALL patients showed significant increased frequencies of A2 and B12, and a similar observation was made in L1 and L2 subtypes in addition to CW3 The co-occurrence of two antigens belongs to two HLA loci in the same individual was also inspected 14.8,48.1,12.9,9.3, and then their percentage frequencies were determined. Such determination revealed that there were four allelic combinations, which showed a significant increased frequency in the patients. They were A1-DR7, A2-B12, A9-B12, and CW7-DQ1. The RR values of such deviations were 7.65, 26.93, 13.26, and 18.27, respectively of sample Iraqi patients.
Effect of Magnetotron on the Rates of Growth and Fecundity in Ostracoda Cyprislaevis O.F Müller,1776 under the Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Al-Ibady Qater Al-Nada Ali Kanaem
Published: November 2021

The Magneototron technique considers as recent and advanced techniques in magnetic water treatment, which application in different; ecological, agricultures, industrial, medical and scientific fields. Therefore this study making to determine the effects of Magnetotron system with different intensities 0.05,0.10 and 0.15 Tesla on some biological aspects for one species of freshwater Ostracoda cyprislaevis O.F. Müller, 1776 for economical important, because both juveniles and adults of fishes feeding on it and as a tool for water cleaning, which consideration feeding on dead and decay animals and vegetables The samples of Ostracoda were collected from Al-Jaesh canal- Baghdad province for period from 1/9/2012 to 1/11/2012.The obtained results compared with this species of Ostracoda which lived in raw water (unexposed to magnetotron system).The present study demonstrated increased significance the rates of growth by increased the bivalve carapace dimensions (length and width) for both ostracodean males and females with increased intensity of magnetotron system comparative with untreated water. Although increase significant observed in fecundity in ostracodean females by increase the number and diameter of eggs with increased intensity comported with untreated females. Also this study detected to predominant females upon males in both treated and untreated water with magnetotron system. Then the magnetotron system does not effect on heterogonous in sexual formation for this species in same ecosystem.
Production of inulinase from Rhizopusoryzae by solid state fermentation
Authors: Issa Qays M. , AL-joburi Muna H. , Hashim Abdul-Kareem J.
Published: November 2021

Fifty Rhizopus spp. isolates were obtained from local natural habitat. The ability of inulinase production by these isolates was screened. The isolate RC-2 which isolated from composite plants was the highest inulinase producer on modified Czapek-Dox agar in primary screening. Secondary screening revealed that the same isolate was the highest production on Nakamura broth medium. Isolate was identified as Rhizopusoryzae. Measurements of reducing sugars in crude filtrate which represent the products of enzyme revealed that Rhizopusoryzae RC-2 produced inulinaseextracellular. The optimum culture conditions for inulinase production by solid state fermentation included a mixture of Jerusalem artichoke Helianthus tuberosus tuber with sugarcane Saccharum sp. bagasse with a ratio (1:1) as carbon source, 2.5% of corn steep liquor as nitrogen source, moisturizing ratio (3:1) (v:w) with tap water, the best inoculums rate was 2.5×105 spore/ml and incubation at (30)ºC for 4 days.
Using Serial Fungal Bioreactor for Reducing the Colored Dyes Wastewater
Authors: Sabtie Hussein Ali , Hassan Khalid Falih , Ali Inaam Noori
Published: November 2021

Serial fungal bioreactor which contained two species of fungi, Trichoderma harzianum and Penicillium spp. were used to reduce the colored dyes wastewater in the textile factories in Al-Kadhmia city/ Baghdad. Different biomass of two fungi species which cultured in the laboratory ranged five and ten grams for each treatment the colored dyes wastewater for both blue and red dyes that used in cotton textile factories. The activity of bio-reduction was increasing during multi-stages of fungal bioreactor due to more decreasing of colored wastewater of textile dyes specially when happening some specific changes in its processes. Another environmental factors were measured such as absorbance, transmission and turbidity before and after treatment. Positively relationship of fungal biomass quantities were recorded extrusive relationship in bio-reaction processes forreducingthe colored textile wastewater treatment by serial fungal bioreactor.
Effect of Naphthalene acetic acid and date palm pollen extraction on gene expression on fruit of Hillawi date palm cultivar during growth and ripening
Authors: Abdulwahed Aqeel Hadi Abdulwahed
Published: November 2021

This study was carried out on fruit of Hillawi date palm cultivar which pollinated by Khukri Adi andGhunami Akhder cultivars to study the effect of NAA 25 ppm and pollen extraction of Khukri Adi andGhunami Akhder 2g/L which were sprayed at 30 and 45 day after pollination on gene expression bystudying the changes in protein pattern during fruit development and ripening by gel electrophoresesmethod with sodium dodecyle sulfate (SDS-PAGE). The result showed there were many protein bandwhich were different in molecular weight and numbers on the gel with changes on fruit growth stages andtreatments, These bands of protein were similar in early stage of growth but different in the period of13,15 weeks after pollination, this difference may be correlated with ripening date. Our results showedthat we could consider the protein pattern as gene expression markers for fruit and linking them with adifferent growth and ripening stage and explanation of metaxenia phenomenon.
Evaluation of anti Epstien-Barr Virus antibodies in female patients with autoimmune hepatitis type-1
Authors: Aboud Rana Saadi Aboud , Fadhi Hula Y. Fadhi
Published: November 2021

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infection is associated with broad spectrum of clinical manifestationsdepending on the immune status of the host, To analyze their possible role in the complication ofautoimmune hepatitis, we investigated (30) female patients with autoimmune hepatitis type-1 of(10-40)years and 25 healthy female of same ages(control groups). Both groups were carried outto measure the levels of EBV-CA IgM, IgG Ab, EBV-EA IgM, IgG Ab, and EBV-NA IgM, IgGAb using indirect immunoflourescent assay (IFAT).The prevalence of EBV-CA IgM, IgG Ab were(10%,20%) and EBV-EA IgM, IgG Ab were (10% and20%) respectively, while the prevalence ofEBV-NA IgG Ab was( 3.33%) and there are no prevalence of EBV-NA IgM Ab. There weresignificant differences (P≤ 0.05) in percentage of EBV-CA IgG and EBV-EA IgG in patientsgroups compared to control groups, and no significant differences in percentage of EBV-CAIgM and EBV-EA IgM in patients group compared to control group. This indicates thatinfection with Epstien-Barr virus plays a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis type-1.
Enhancement of Innate Immunity in Common Carp Cyprinus carpio Using local Probiotic
Authors: Alsaphar Sundus A. A. Alsaphar , Al-Farag Jamal K. A. Al-Farag
Published: November 2021

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of four levels of local probiotic comparedwith commercial probiotic on immune status of common carp Cyprinus carpio as biologicalcontrol. One handared and eight speciement of Cyprinus carpio average weight of 57.85±0.3g werefed during 42 days at 0.05,0.1,0.5 and 0.75mg local probiotic per Kg diet compared with 2mgcommercial probiotic per Kg diet in comparison with the control group without additive. Thephagocyctic index of blood macrophages, reduction of nitrobluetetrazolium (NBT) by radicaloxegen produce from neutrophils cell ,and alternative complement pathway (ACP) activities wereevaluated. A positive correlation was found between the levels of phagocytosis,nitrobluetetrazolium index and alternative complement pathway activities in blood and the levelof inclusion of local probiotic compared with commercial probiotic and control group.
Association of Vitamin D Receptor Ggene Ppolymorphisms and Type 1 diabetes in Egyptian Population.
Authors: Al-shehmany Ali Salim Al-shehmany , El- Kafoury *Ahmad A. El- Kafoury , * El- Kafoury *Ahmad A. El- Kafoury , Embaby Amira M. Embaby
Published: November 2021

The human vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene is located on chromosome 12q12–q14, and four commonnucleotide polymorphisms have been identified. Several studies have found a relationship betweenpolymorphisms of the (VDR) gene and development of type 1 diabetes (T1DM). The association ofVDR polymorphisms and susceptibility to T1DM in the Egyptian population were examined in 60individuals with type 1 diabetes and compared with healthy 60 persons. Single nucleotidepolymorphisms (SNP) genotyping was performed using PCR and BsmI and FokI, by using twotechniques, allele specific PCR technique and restriction fragment length polymorphism – PCR(RFLP-PCR). Data were analyzed using the chi square. The result approved that the genotype TA inSNP FokI was risk factor among type 1 diabetes mellitus patients combination which conferredstrongest susceptibility to T1DM (P=0.004) while the SNP BsmI did not showed any significancebetween cases as compared with control (P=0.493). The results of the current study indicated that VDRpolymorphisms are associated with increased risk of T1DM in the Egyptian population. The differencein the association of the aforementioned SNPs variants with T1DM among different populations maybe attributed to the presence of multiple susceptibility alleles.
Association Between PTPN22 Gene Polymorphism and Type1 Diabetes in Egyptian Population
Authors: Al-shehmany Ali Salim Al-shehmany , El- Kafoury Ahmad A. El- Kafoury , Haroun Medhat A. Haroun , Embaby Amira M. Embaby
Published: November 2021

The protein tyrosine phosphatase, nonreceptor 22 gene (PTPN22) maps at human chromosome 1p13.3which encodes an important negative regulator of T-cell activation, lymphoid-specific phosphatase(Lyp). The PTPN22 gene has been shown to associate with a risk for multiple autoimmune diseases,including type1 diabetes (T1DM). This study aimed to analyze the association of three PTPN22polymorphisms in Egyptian population .The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) at positions -1123(rs#2488457), 1858 (rs#2476601), and +2740 (rs#1217412) were genotyped in 60 persons with T1DM,and 60 control persons, all three SNPs were genotyping using two technique, allele specific PCRtechnique and restriction fragment length polymorphism – PCR (RFLP-PCR). The 1858 C/T did notshow any significance differences between patients and control groups. (MCP=1.0) whereas, respectively-1123 G/C and +2740 A/G were significantly associated with T1DM disease (P≤0.0001) and(P=0.012).These results suggest that the PTPN22 gene of SNPs polymorphisms were associated withtype 1 diabetes in Egyptian population. The difference in the association of the aforementioned SNPsvariants with T1DM among different populations may be attributed to the presence of multiplesusceptibility alleles.
Evaluation of Some Biochemical Markers in Patient's with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Al-Jumaili Farah T. O. , Naji Aqeel Jafar , Jasim Thamer Mutlag
Published: November 2021

The present study aims to detect several biochemical markers associated with PCOS (Polycysticovary syndrome) in Iraqi women comparing the results with control normal fertile women andalso studying the effect of obesity on the same biochemical markers. Ninety eight women withPCOS, 51 non-obese [body mass index (BMI) less than 25 kg/m2] and 47 obese (BMI >25 kg/m2)were enrolled for the study. Each group of them was compared forty normal fertile women ascontrol group matched for each in age and BMI. The first part of this study was devoted to themeasurement of Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist Hip Ratio (WHR), subdivided PCOSaccording to the body mass index, and measurement of fasting insulin, fasting glucose,Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA), HbA1c and lipid profile. A significant differences wasfound in HbA1c (P≤0.0001) VLDL (p≤0.0001), triglyceride (p≤0.05) and cholesterol (p≤0.05)between obeses and lean PCOS patients. Insulin serum level (P≤0.0001) was highly significantlyincreased in obeses PCOS patients as compared to obeses control, the serum insulin (P≤0.0001)also significantly increased in lean PCOS women when compared with lean control. There was asignificant differences between HOMA (P≤0.05) in obeses PCOS patients than in the obesecontrol group and between obese and lean women PCOS patients.
التاثيرات الجانبية لعقار الريبافارين في هلاكات اجنة الفئران وهياكلها العظمية
Authors: Salman Safa S. , Shihab Adel F. , Nada Saad M.
Published: November 2021

هدف الدراسة الحاليةتسليط الضوء ع التاثيرات الخلوية لعقار الريبافارين في الحيوانات المختبرية وتم الاعتماد على هلاكات الاجنة وعلى تشوهات الهياكل العظمية في الفءران البيضاء قسمت الى خمس مجاميع مجموعه سيطرة سالبة جرعت بدارى ومجموعه سيطرة موجبة جرعت بالسايكلوفوسفايد وثلاث مجاميع معاملة بالعقار بتراكيز 10 و20 و50 اظهرت مجموعة السيطرة السالبة اعلى معدل وزن للاجنة اما بالنسبة لعدد هلاكات الاجنة لوحظ وجود هلاكات عند التراكيز العالية ودراسة تاثير العقار ع الهيكل العظمي لوحظ تشوه بالهيكل العظمي في منطقة الاضلاع.
التحفيز الوراثي لصفة تحمل الملوحة في المزارع النسيجية لنبات الفلفل
Authors: Hussein Huda E. , Alwash Bushra M.
Published: November 2021

تمت دراسة تاثير البي اي في استحثاث الكالس من الاجزاء النباتية كما درس تاثير دتراكيز مختلفة من ملح كلوريد الصوديوم ومن ثم التحقق من وجود التغاير الجيني في النباتات الناتجة باستخدامتقنية بي سي ار باعستخدام خمسة بادئات لمواقع جينية اشارت النتائج الى انخفاض معنوي في معدل الوزن الجاف والطري للكالس بزيادة التركيز الملحي للوسط الغذائي كما ازداد تركيز الحامض البرولينوكربوهيدرات في نسيج الكالس اما بخصوص اختلاف الكالس المعرض للشد الملحي اظهرت النتائج ان نسبة الاختلاف انخفت معنويا بزيادة التركيز الملحيواظهرت نتائج تفاعلات البي سي ار ان وجود تتابع القواعد لجميع البادئات المستخدمة في جينوم عينةالملوحه
Optimization, Production and Antifungal Activity of Chitinase Produced by Trichoderma harezianum
Authors: Issa Qays Majeed
Published: November 2021

Twelve of Trichoderma spp. Isolates were obtained from 30 soils samples collected from differentcrops fields in Baghdad city. Among them, isolate designated as TLT4 which produced highestchitinase activity in primary and secondary screenings was identified as Trichoderma harezianum.The high level of chitinase production was observed in chitinase production media (CPM)amended with 0.4% colloidal chitin with pH6, incubation temperature 30°C, incubation period 6days, peptone as nitrogen source and inoculum size 1× 105spore/ml using submerged cultures.The antifungal activity of crude T. harezianumchitinase was investigated against fourdermatophytes ncluding: Trichophytonment agrophytes, T. rubrum, Microsporumcanis, M.gypsum. The crude chitinase was found to inhibit the growth of all dermatophytes tested withvarying degrees. Clotrimazole drug was used to compare.
تاثير إزالة القشور والإنبات في اختزال بعض المحددات التغذوية والتركيب الكيميائي التقريبي لبذور العدس والماش
Authors: Alwan Abdul Kadir Hadi , Mohammed Mohammed Moayyad , Farhan Mustafa
Published: November 2021

تهدف هذه الدراسة الى زيادة القيمة التغذوية لبذور العدس والماش بازالة القشور والانبات. تم تنقيع ثلاثة مجاميع من العدس والماش لمدة 24 ساعة وانباتها للمدد 1 و 2 و 3 ايام بين قطعتين من القماش المبلل ثم قشرت, واعتمدت المجموعة الرابعة كنموذج مزال القشور فضلا عن نموذج المقارنة. .ادت عملية ازالة القشور الى خفض محتوى التانينات معنويا ( p≤ 0.05 ) بنسبة 55.26 % و61.02 % في العدس والماش على التوالي، وازداد البروتين والزيت ومثبطات التربسين والفايتات عند المقارنة مع نماذج المقارنة. ادت عملية الانبات الى زيادة تدريجية في نسبة البروتين ليصل اقصاه29.33 % في العدس و 26.73 % في الماش بعد ثلاثة ايام من الانبات, بينما انخفض الزيت والتانينات بتقدم الانبات . كما ادت عملية الانبات الى اختزال مثبطات التربسين بنسبة 14.3 % و 57.1 % و64.3  % بالعدس، ونسبة 23.5  % و47.1  % و 52.9 % بالماش, بينما انخفضت الفايتات بنسبة 21.4 % و 97.8 % و 100% بالعدس, وبلغت القيم المقابلة 54.73  % و 71.82 % و 67.37 % في الماش للمدد 1 و2 و3  ايام ,على التوالي
Preparation of Nanoliposomes Incorporated Leishmania donovani Antigens
Authors: Taha Ali A. , A. Rawaa Najim , A. Shaimaa yousif
Published: November 2021

This study was designed to incorporate leishmania donovani antigens in nanoliposomes prepared by size exclusion (using Sephadex G25) and organic solvent (using Chloroform). Lipids mixture of 4Mm Phosphatidylcholine, 2.2mM Cholesterol and 0.55mM Phosphatidylethanolamine in a ratio of 7:2:1 was depended in two nanoliposome preparation methods. Physio-chemical characterizations of prepared nanoliposomes was performed by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM ), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and  Zeta Potential assays to determine the size, morphology, chemical active group and charge . Parasite reactivation was carried out when inoculated into RPMI and incubated at 23 ̊ C for 4 days. Soluble Leishmania Antigenes (SLAs) were extracted from the promastigotes ghost membrane after fourth passages of subculturing in SNB9. The extracted SLAs were entrapped in prepared. The percentage of nanoliposomes entrapment efficiency (EE) was 62 and 50 of SLAs for chloroform and Sephadex G25 methods, respectively. Moreover, stability of SLAs entrapped nanoliposomes at 4 and 37 ̊C, as storage temperature, was examined. The stability at 4 °C showed decreasing in EE to 32 and 16 %, while stability at 37 °C revealed decreasing in EE to 16 and 8 % within 12 days of storage for nanoliposomes prepared in both methods, respectively.
Detection of Polymorphism in the Gene blaKPC2 of Local Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Iraqi Patients
Authors: Jasim Saadi Abd-Alkareem , Maaroof Mohammed , Ahmed Najwa
Published: November 2021

Carbapenemases are clinically important because they destroy and may confer a resistance to carbapenems, severe infections caused by carbapenemase producers is associated with increased mortality. To achieve this goal, 180 samples were collected from different clinical sources included 92 urine, 33 smears of wounds, 13 smears of burns and 42 sputum. The samples were taken from patients attended Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital and Ibin Baladi Hospital in Baghdad Governorate. Diagnosis of bacterial isolates was done depending upon the microscopic examination, the cultured characteristics and biochemical tests. DNA extracted from 84 samples. Accordingly, detection of blaKPC2 gene was conducted by using specific primers for amplification of blaKPC2 gene. Moreover, the sequencing of 910 bp for blaKPC2 gene was performed by the biotechnology lab. at the National Instrumentation Center for Environmental Management (NICEM). Such test has been implanted by using 3730XL as a DNA sequences. The obtained results were analyzed by blast at the National Center Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and detect polymorphism in blaKPC2 based on the Bio Edit. Consequently, 94 variations between 47 transversions, 43 transitions and 4 deletions nucleotide were noticed. In a sense the test showed 79% under sequence ID gb|CP009872.1| from 3037673 -3038166 number of nucleotide from K. pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae strain KPNIH30 of Gene Bank, score (329) and expect 5e-86 with the wild type of blaKPC2 gene from Gene Bank. Finally, the results illustrated polymorphism between local strains of
Effects of Hair dyes on Sequence Analysis of Hair Mitochondrial DNA Hypervariable Region 1
Authors: Al-summarraie Halah , Al-Zubaidi Mohammed , نعمة Dhuha  Salim , Hameed Sura Nabeel , Saleh Thooalnoon Younes , Al-rubai Haider , Zageer Dheaa Sh. , Bader Ala
Published: November 2021

Hair can be a valuable source of DNA especially in forensic casework and for noninvasive studies of human, when blood samples not available. This study emphasizes the impact of hair dyes on DNA sequence analysis. Samples collected from forty Iraqi families; each sample was divided in to two parts hair follicles and hair shaft. DNA extracted by using two different techniques, Phenol-chloroform (organic) method and prepFiler forensic DNA extraction kit. After quantification of DNA by real time PCR to confirm the exact DNA yield, Mitochondrial DNA (MtDNA) hypervariable region 1 successfully amplified from (50% of samples include hair follicle and 20% samples include shaft only), which all extracted  by organic method. Whereas by using prepFiler kit the ratio of amplification success reach to 95% of samples included hair follicles, but there wais no DNA outcome from hair shaft by using this kit. Our results demonstrate that treated hair by dyed or henna had a significant influence on the sequence analysis results. Organic method was an appropriate method for extraction DNA from hair shaft, since this method used for extracting the old and degraded samples. While prepFiler DNA extraction kit was more convenient for isolation DNA from, hair samples included follicles only with excellent result.
Effect of Low-Level Laser Irradiation Versus Room Temperature on Cryopreserved Sperm Motility and DNA Integrity as Modes of Thawing
Authors: المراياتي شذى , Saeed Ghassan , Al-Ahmed Hazim I.
Published: November 2021

During cryopreservation, cells and tissue undergo dramatic transformation in chemical and physical characteristics. Thawing process is also an important step since the cryoinjury is not limited to the freezing process but may also occur during the thawing process. Laser by its photo-stimulation effect can improve the resistance to cooled storage of some human sperm and this will lead to improvement in the quality of frozen semen and in the potential of sperm fertilization. The objective of this study is to use laser as a method of thawing and its effect on human sperm motility and DNA integrity versus the thawing through room temperature. This prospective study carried on 70 cryopreserved semen samples. Each sample was prepared by centrifugation procedure, and divided into 2 parts, freezed and thawed by laser irradiation till melting for one part and by room temperature for other. The DNA integrity and sperm motility were assessed before vitrification and after the two methods of thawing. The results of cryopreserved semen samples showed that laser irradiation thawing has significantly increased sperm motility as well as a significant decreased DNA fragmentation (P< 0.05) versus room temperature thawing. Conclusion(s): Laser irradiation thawing of post freezing sperm improves post thaw motility and DNA integrity.
تأثير المياه المعالجة مغناطيسيا في صدفة قوقع المياه العذبة فايزا أكيوتا Physa acuta (Drapanoud, 1805)
Authors: Al-ibady Qater Al-Nada , Rasheed Khalid , A. Emaduldeen
Published: November 2021

استعملت المياه المعالجة مغناطيسياً في العديد من المجالات البحثية والطبية والصناعية والزراعية وغيرها. لذا أجريت الدراسة الحالية للتعرف على تأثير المياه المعاملة مغناطيسياً وبشدد مختلفة وهي 500 و 1000 و 1500 غاوس في بعض الجوانب الحياتية لقوقع المياه العذبة العراقية الذي يعد مكوناً مهماً في السلسلة الغذائية وهو Physa acuta (Drapanoud , 1805)  وقورنت النتائج بتلك التي تعيش في مياه النهر غير المعاملة مغناطيسياً (السيطرة). جمعت عينات القواقع من جدول الخواجة في ناحية الإسكندرية – محافظة بابل باستعمال المغرفة العميقة. أظهرت الدراسة الحالية حصول زيادة معنوية في نمو الجسم للحيوانات قيد الدراسة ، كما زاد حجم الصدفة في القواقع فزاد معنوياً كل من طول (ارتفاع) الصدفة وطول فتحة الصدفة وعرض فتحة الصدفة وعرض الصدفة بزيادة الشدة المغناطيسية خصوصاً الشدة 1500 غاوس مقارنةً بتلك التي تعيش في مياه السيطرة. كما أظهرت تلك الدراسة حصول زيادة معنوية في قيم معدلات دليل نمو الصدفة لكل من القواقع المعاملة بمياه ممغنطة وبالشدد الثلاث والقواقع غير المعاملة ، ومنذ الاسبوع الاول من عمرها ولأخر اسبوع من حياتها. كذلك حصلت زيادة معنوية تدريجية في كل من قيم معدلات وزن القواقع المعاملة بالمياه المعالجة مغناطيسيا وبالشدد الثلاث مقارنة مع قواقع السيطرة ومنذ الاسبوع الاول للفقس ولأخر يوم من عمر هذه القواقع.
Molecular Identification of Staphylococcus spp Isolated from Clinical samples
Authors: Mohammad Taghreed Khudhur
Published: November 2021

The analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences has been the technique generally used to study and confirm the identification and taxonomy of staphylococci. However, bacterial species cannot always be distinguished from each other using cultural methods. Thus,   clinical samples were collected from 190 cases only 31 positive for staphylococcal infections with Urinary Tract Infection, Wounds, Burns, Otitis media, diarrhea infections, were applied for microbiological analysis which include: cultures on Manitol salt agar and  HiCrome UTI Agar medium all the isolates gave positive golden yellow and identify as Staphylococcus spp. DNA was extracted from Staphylococcus spp and the 16srRNA gene were amplified by using specific primer, then sequencing of nucleic acid of genes was performed by machine is AB13730XL, Applied Biosystem, Macro gen company, the DNA sequencing results of flank sense of 16srRNA gene from 31 strains of Staphylococcus  was confirm the identification into species level: Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis And   Staphylococcus sciuri. Analysis of the sequences appeared that there two substitution(Transversion, Transition) in the Staphylococcus aureus strains with  Sequence ID LC090540.1 location at Range of nucleotide from 4 to 636, 100% compatibility with NCBI while no substitution appeared in the  Staphylococcus haemolyticus strains which have the sequence ID LN998078.1, 99% compatibility with NCBI also the sequence ID KR812401.1 which related to the strain Staphylococcus sciuri not appeared any substitution after sequencing analysis. Types of substitution detected in partial 16srRNA gene in Staphylococcus epidermidis strains 13  Transversion  and 5 transition substitution location at range of nucleotide from 6 to 1026 have the  Sequence ID KF575160.1 compared with data obtained from Gene Bank, these finding lead to conclusion, our assay allows rapid and confirm the detection to avoid possibility of misidentification of Staphylococcus species based on cultural analysis, the study aimed to  propose the partial sequencing of the gene as an alternative molecular tool for the analysis of Staphylococcus species and for decreasing the possibility of misidentification. New submission of local Iraqi Staphylococcus clinical isolated during the current study show successfully record of four isolate Staphylococcus sciuri, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus haemolyticus with GenBank accession number: KY938530.1 ,KY938529.1, ,KY938528.1, and  GenBank: KY938527.1respectivelly.
Biological Treatment of Used Engine Oil by Single and Mixed Bacterial Cultures Isolated from Soil of Mechanic Workshops
Authors: Hussein Amel , Khudhair Saad
Published: November 2021

The accumulation of hydrocarbon waste, such as used engine oils in environments, has many impacts on humans and other organisms, therefore many researches were achieved to degrade or remove or consume these pollutants. The aim of the current study is to get a local bacterial isolates has high ability to degrade the spent engine oil as a single or mixed culture. Five soil samples contaminated with spent engine oil were collected from mechanic workshops in Baghdad city to isolate degrading bacteria using Bushnell Hans medium (BHM), pH 7 with 5% of used engine oil. While the growth patterns and gravimetric analysis was used to reveal the ability of these isolates to degrade spent engine oil in liquid BHM medium. The best three isolates A4, B6 and D5 were identified and the optimal temperature and pH for biodegradation of spending engine oil were studied. Also, the consortium culture of three isolates was tested their ability to utilize spent engine oil under the same conditions for single isolate. Twenty five bacterial isolates were obtained from contaminated soil samples and three isolates appeared a maximum degradation rate 74.6, 70.2 and 78.5% respectively. The results from identification tests were showing these isolates belong to Bacillus sp., Acinetobacter sp. and Pseudomonas sp., respectively. The studied three isolates gave the best degradation when incubated at 30°C in BHM medium pH 7. While other results were indicated that consortium cultures are more effective 90.2% than all experiments that used single isolate.
Effect of aqueous extract of Rosemary officinalis on cytotoxicity of CCL4 induced albino male mice
Authors: Ibrahim Ruqaya M.
Published: November 2021

This study focused the line on the effect of aqueous extract of Rosemary officinalis, as well as, effect of toxic compound CCL4, on micronucleus formation and mitotic index assay in albino male mice. This work started at September 2017 at Biotechnology Research center \Al-Nahrain University, by using 20 albino male mice. The result indicated that aqueous extract of rosemary caused significant increased in mitotic index and decrease micronucleus formation for two doses tested 50,100 mg/kg in comparison with negative and positive controls, also the results revealed that CCL4 showed significant mutagenic action on biological system of treated mice by increased frequency of micronucleus formation and decreased the percentage of mitotic index in bone marrow cells. Pre-and post –treatment between aqueous extract and CCL4 were also made. The results of pre and post treatment with rosemary extract were also caused a significant decreased in micronucleus formation and increase the percentage of mitotic index for two doses 50,100 mg/kg  in comparison with its corresponding controls which caused increased in the frequencies of micronucleus formation and decrease the percentage of mitotic index in bone marrow cells. Conclusions: Rosemary officinalis enhanced immunity, reduced mutagenic effects against cytotoxicity of CCL4.
RAPD and ISSR analyses of Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolates from different sources
Authors: Hammadi Sawas Younus , Hussein Anmar Sael , Majeed Duha Mysire , Dheeb Batol  I. , Ismail Eman Noaman
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study was to isolate the Saccharomyces cerevisiae present on different fruits and performing RAPD and ISSR analyses to know the genetic interrelationship between different S. cerevisiae isolates. Some fruits namely apple, plum, dates, and peach were used as natural sources for S. cerevisiae isolation. The isolated S. cerevisiae was designated as SUC1, SUC2, SUC3, SUC4, SUC5 respectively. Amplicon fingerprints for the isolated species were obtained by RAPD assay using six different primers and ISSR assay using six different primers. RAPD assay showed the lowest genetic distance (0.1559) between SUC2 and SUC3 isolates whereas ISSR assay showed the lowest genetic distance (0.06899) between SUC4 and SUC5 isolates.  Both genetic markers showed the highest genetic distance for SUC1 when compared to the other isolates.