bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Die Untersuchung von Körperflüssigkeiten mit geringer Proteinkonzentration mittels einer Kombination von Mikro-Disk- Elektrophorese und Elektroimmundiffusion /Investigations of Body Fluids with Low Protein Content by the Combination of Micro-Disc-Electrophoresis and Electroimmunodiffusion
Authors: Schmut O. , Katschnig H. , Zirm M.
Published: August 2018

Fluids of the human body with low protein content, i.e. aqueous humour, tears, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine were analyzed by a combination of micro-disc-electrophoresis and electroimmuno-diffusion. By this method both qualitative and quantitative statements about the proteins of these fluids can be established.
African Green Monkey Fibroblast Action Morphology during SV40 Infection
Authors: Brandner Gerhard , Cho Myung-Sam
Published: August 2018

Monkey skin fibroblasts were infected with simian virus 40. Cells that exhibited the viral tumor antigen were found to retain the normal morphology of actin filaments up to six days after infection. However when cells were transformed in terms of focus formation they had lost the normal actin morphology.
Sensitivity of Escherichia coli to Viral Nucleic Acid, XII. Ca2+-or Ba2+-Facilitated Transfection of Cell Envelope Mutants
Authors: Taketo Akira
Published: August 2018

Using various envelope mutants of Escherichia coli, the relationship between cell surface struc­ture and the Ca2+-or Ba2+-dependent competence for transfection was investigated. In contrast with rough strains, smooth bacteria treated with Ca2+ or Ba2+ were incompetent for the trans­fection by ØA RF. In E. coli K12 D21 derivatives, Ca2+-dependent competence remarkably in­ creased by lpsAl mutation and the highest level of competence was attained by further deficiency in glucose units of the LPS. Upon treatment with BaCl2 , strain D21 and its lpsAl mutant became highly competent for ØA RF. The effect of Ba2+ was, however, feeble for lpsAl mutants further deficient in heptose units and/or glucose units. Among different LPS mutants of E. coli B, variation of the Ca2+-or Ba2+-dependent competence was relatively small and even the competence of strain BB12, whose LPS core contained only two KDO units, was nearly equal to that of wild type bacteria. However, the level of cellular competence induced by Ba2+ was not allways parallel to that induced by Ca2+. In mutants deficient in outer membrane protein I, either Ca2+-or Ba2+-dependent competence increased several-fold, whereas in mutants devoid of outer membrane II*, the com­petence decreased considerably. Unlike nucleoside transport, the uptake of DNA was not affected by tsx mutation.
Notizen: Spontane Leukämie der AKR-Mäuse. Erfolgreiche passive Immunisierung mit Ziegen- Antikörper gegen isoliertes Glykoprotein gp71 des Friend-Leukämie-Virus /Spontaneous Leukemia of AKR Mice. Successful Passive Im m unization with Goat Anti­ bodies against Isolated Glycoprotein gp71 of Friend Leukemia Virus
Authors: Schwarz H. , Thiel H.-J. , Schäfer W.
Published: August 2018

The occurrence of fatal spontaneous leukemia in AKR mice could be drastically reduced by passive immunization with goat antibody against isolated murine Friend virus glycoprotein gp71, possessing high group specific reactivity. The success depended on the time of antibody application. The best results were achieved when mothers and babies were inoculated.
Application of Lanthanide Induced Shifts in Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Juvenile Hormones
Authors: Kuhnz Wilhelm , Rembold Heinz
Published: August 2018

A downfield shift of proton signals up to 9 ppm is induced in the 1H NMR spectra of juvenile hormone I (methyl 3,11-dimethyl-10,11-cis-epoxy-7-ethyl-2-trans, 6-trans-tridecadienoate) and III (methyl 10,11-epoxy-2-trans, 6-trans-farnesoate) by the lanthanide complex Eu(fod)3. A plot of induced shift vs the ratio of [LSR]/[substrate] shows a good linear correlation for the range 0.3 -1.0 mole ratio. Highest shifts are induced for the protons H-10 and H-2 adjacent to the two Lewis base groups of the hormone. Resolution due to induced shift decreases for the other signals with increasing distance of protons from the two coordination sites.
X-Ray-Diffraction Study and Determination of Absolute Configuration of the Anticancer Drug S(–) Cyclophosphamide (Endoxan, Cytoxan, NSC-26271)
Authors: Adamiak D. A. , Saenger W. , Kinas R. , Stec W. J.
Published: August 2018

(-) Cyclophosphamide (1) crystallized from tetrachlorom ethane in the triclinic space group P1 with cell dimensions a = 10.500 (4) Å, b = 10.490 (4) Å, c = 10.761 (4) A, α = 110.0 (2) ° , β = 11 0.0(2)°, γ = 1 0 8.9(2)°. Three molecules are contained in the unit cell. The X-ray analysis was based on diffractometer measurement of 2635 independent reflections and the structure was solved by Patterson and direct methods. The final R and R w factors after full-matrix least-squares refinement are 0.0717 and 0.0677, respectively. The absolute configuration is S based on Hamilton’s R-factor ratio test. The oxazaphosphorinane ring exists in a chair form with the bis-β-chloroethyl-amino group in equatorial position and about perpendicular to and bisecting

.

The structure is similar to that found in racemic 1 except a different conformation about one ethyl-amino N-C bond.
Schwermetalle in höheren Pilzen, II / Heavy Metals in Higher Fungi, II
Authors: Schmitt Johannes A. , Meisch Hans-Ulrich , Reinle Wolfgang
Published: August 2018

In several series of 262 samples, Higher Fungi, especially from the Tremellales and Gastero-mycetes, were analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy on their content of the trace metals manganese and iron. Both elements were found to be present in higher concentrations in some species of the Tremellales and Phallales. In the case of wood-destroying fungi, the Fe-and Mn-contents of the substrates were compared to those of the corresponding fungi. Only the species with the highest level of these metals reached the same contents as their substrates or a poor enrichment. Among the remaining species of the Higher Fungi, only in the case of the epigean Phallales, a possible biochemical role of manganese has been discussed.
Untersuchungen über die Größe, Struktur und Dynamik von Gallensäure/Lecithin-Mischmicellen / Size, Structure, and Dynamics of Bile Salt/Lecithin Mixed Micelles
Authors: Gähwiller Ch. , Planta C. von , Schmidt D. , Steffen H.
Published: August 2018

The structure and size of lecithin/sodium glycocholate mixed micelles was investigated by quasi­ elastic laser light scattering and spin label techniques.

The investigations are in accordance with a bilayer model for these micelles. The order parameter and the phase transition enthalpy of the micellar bilayer were determined.

The lateral and rotational diffusion constants of label molecules are compared with the cor­ responding diffusion constants in liposomes.
Hydroxycinnamoyl: Coenzyme A Transferase Involved in the Biosynthesis of Kaempferol-3-(p-coumaroyl Triglucoside) in Pisum sativum
Authors: Saylor Marie H. , Mansell Richard L.
Published: August 2018

The major flavonoids of Pisum are derivatives of kaempferol and quercetin, including both tri-glucosides and acylated triglucosides in which the acyl group is p-coumaric acid. Although hydroxy-cinnamic acid esters of flavonoids are common pigments in many plants, neither the enzymes nor the precursors involved in their biosynthesis have been demonstrated. We report here that crude enzyme preparations extracted from peas catalyze the transfer of the p-coumaroyl moiety of p-coumaroyl: Coenzyme A to kaempferol-3-triglucoside forming kaempferol-3-(p-coumaroyl triglucoside) as the acylated product. The reaction product has been vigorously shown to be identical to the naturally occurring kaempferol-3-(p-coumaroyl triglucoside) in both chromatographic and chemical properties. The enzymatic formation of the acylated derivative occurred only minimally when incubated with the cofactors required for carboxyl group activation (ligase) and maximally when incubated with p-coumaroyl : Coenzyme A as the acyl donor.
Properties of Mouse Leukemia Viruses X V . Electron Microscopic Studies on the Organization of Friend Leukemia Virus and Other Mammalian C-Type Viruses
Authors: Frank Hermann , Schwarz Heinz , Graf Thomas , Schäfer Werner
Published: August 2018

Further investigations on the structure of Friend murine leukemia virus (FLV) revealed that the transition from the “immature” (now termed “native”) to the structurally less organized “mature” (now termed “collapsed”) form occurs mainly as a result of the preparation for the electron microscope. A short pretreatment of virus with the detergent NP40 prior to negative staining with uranyl acetate is able to preserve the “native” structure of a high percentage of virus particles from standard preparations. Treatment with conventional fixatives was found to be in ­ effective.

Using this preparation technique, a more detailed electron microscopic analysis of the viral internal organization became possible. A thin layer designated “inner coat” was newly detected in close apposition to the viral membrane between the viral envelope and core. Removal of the unit membrane by more intensive detergent treatment suggests the existence of material extending be­ tween the viral surface knobs and the viral interior. The icosahedral core shell has an opening at one side and this opening matches with the hole in the apparently beehive-like arranged ribo-nucleoprotein (RNP) strand which represents the innermost structure.

A comparative study of a series of representative mammalian C-type viruses with the same technique indicated a close similarity to Friend virus in fine structure, although differences in stability were observed.

Based on these and earlier findings a model of the structure of mammalian C-type viruses is presented.
The Relationship between Visual Acuity and Illumination in the Fly, Lucilia sericata
Authors: Dvorak David , Snyder Allan
Published: August 2018

The variation in visual acuity with illumination has been studied by monitoring the extracellular response of direction sensitive motion detecting neurons to a drifting sine wave grating displayed upon an oscilloscope spreen. Acuity reaches a maximum value of 0.46 cycles/degree at luminances above 1.0 cd/m2 and decreases gradually over a 3.8 log unit attenuation in intensity to a minimum value of 0.05 cycles/degree. The results have been compared with theoretical acuity curves for the coupound eye with various dark adaptation mechanisms. The analysis indicates that a major strategy of dark adaptation in the fly is a process involving intensity-dependent neural summation of signals from photoreceptors having different visual axes.
Methylvirensat und 5-Chlor Methylvirensat aus Arten der Flechtengattung Pseudocypbellaria/ Methyl-virensate and 5-Chloro-methyl-virensate from Species of the Lichen Genus Pseudocyphellaria
Authors: Renner Bernd , Henssen Aino , Gerstner Ernst
Published: August 2018

The two new lidien depsidones methyl-virensate and 5-Cl methyl-virensate were found in the lichens Pseudocyphellaria physciospora and Pseudocyphellaria granulata. Structure elucidation of the new compounds was carried out using UV/VIS-, 1H-NMR- and El-mass-spectroscopy. In TLC studies 5-Cl methyl-virensate may be confused with pannarin. The close relationship of the two new lidien substances to atranorin and Cl-atranorin is discussed.
1H -NMRInvestigations on the Hydrogen Bond Formation between the Tranquilizers Diazepam and Nitrazepam and Some Nucleobases
Authors: Paul Hans-Helmut , Sapper Helmut , Lohmann Wolfgang
Published: August 2018

The formation of hydrogen bonds between the minor tranquilizers diazepam and nitrazepam and a few nucleobases was studied in deuterochloroform solution by means of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The thermodynamic and spectroscopic data of the associations were evaluated on the basis of a dimer model, using the concentration dependent shifts of the protons involved in hydrogen bonds. The interactions of nitrazepam (ΔH0= -10 to -21 k J/mol; ΔG25
0 - 0.2 to -7.4 kJ/mol) were found to be stronger than those of diazepam (ΔH0 = - 10 to - 13 kJ/mol; ΔG25
0 = 6.0 to 6.4 k j/mol). The various binding sites of the benzodiazepines for hydrogen bonds are discussed.
Growth and Myelination of Goldfish Optic Nerve Fibers after Retina Regeneration and Nerve Crush
Authors: Wolburg Hartwig
Published: August 2018

Axonal regeneration in the optic nerve and tectum of the goldfish was studied both after retina regeneration and nerve crush. The retina regeneration was evoked by ouabain-induced damage of at least the ganglion cells and cells of the inner nuclear layer. The necrotic retinal neurons are substituted by mitotic processes in the outer nuclear layer and the marginal growth zone at the ora serrata. The axons of these newly developed retina ganglion cells grow through the degenera­ ting. but mechanically undamaged, optic nerve into the tectum, establishing there synaptic contacts already 16 days after the intraocular ouabain-injection. The fibers were myelinated at first in the tectum, later on in the optic nerve. Thus, the myelination process proceeds in retrograde direction. About 60 - 80 days after injection the myelination has become nearly normalized. On the contra­ lateral side of the same animal, the optic nerve was crushed near the eye-bulb. The axons of the original retina ganglion cells grow out into the degenerating optic nerve and tectum. They also find synaptic contacts and are myelinated in retrograde direction, but to a much lesser extent than the axons of the regenerated retina ganglion cells. An axonal factor is discussed, which would influence the oligodendroglial myelination activity. The effectiveness of this factor is probably dependent on the neuronal age and suggested to be triggered by the establishment of synaptic contacts.
A Sex Attractant for the Pine Beauty Moth, Panolisflammed
Authors: Priesner Ernst , Bogenschütz Hermann , Altenkirch Wolfgang , Arn Heinrich
Published: August 2018

Electrophysiological recordings from antennal hair sensilla of male P. flammea revealed two types (A, B) of presumed pheromone receptor cells. The A receptors responded max­ imally to (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate and the B cells to (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate. In the field, a 100:5 mixture of the two compounds attracted 10 times more males than the (Z) -9 isomer alone.
ATP Dependent Uptake of Zinc by Human Erythrocyte Ghosts
Authors: Schmetterer Georg
Published: August 2018

The energy dependence of Zn2+ accumulation by human erythrocytes was studied by preparing resealed ghosts loaded with ATP or AMP. Uptake of Zn2+ was followed by radioactivity or atomic absorption spectroscopy measurements. Zn2+ taken up is not adsorbed by the mem­brane but transported into the ghosts. Ghosts containing ATP took up more Zn2+ than those con­taining AMP. The effect is not specific for ATP, however, GTP and CTP showing the same in­creased uptake. Zn2+ uptake by ATP ghosts can be further drastically enhanced by addition of Cu2t. Therefore, in spite of the enhancement of Zn2+ uptake by ATP, Zn2+ seems to be accumulated by a passive mechanism even when the ghosts contain ATP. The accumulation is probably brought about by binding of Zn2+ to substances inside the ghosts.
Further Investigations on the p-Nitrophenylphosphatase Activity of Intact Ehrlich Ascites Tumor Cells
Authors: Merz Reiner , Löffler Monika , Schneider Friedhelm
Published: August 2018

The substrate specificity and the effects of nucleotides and SH-blocking agents on the p-nitro- phenylphosphatase activity of intact Ehrlich ascites tumor cells (EAT) cells were studied, ᴅʟ-β- Glycerophosphate, o-phosphoethanolamine, cholinephosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, o-carboxyphenyl- phosphate,, phosphoenolpyruvate and AMP were not attacked by intact cells. ATP > GTP > UTP > PPi > pNPP were cleaved with decreasing velocity. A stimulation of the cleavage of p-NPP by the following nucleotides was observed with decreasing effectivity: ATP > ADP > GTP > UTP; AMP was ineffective. The phosphatase activity was not affected by malate, tartrate and glutathion disulfide. The SH blocking agents diamide and thimerosal were more effective in­hibitors of the pNPPase than of the ATPase activity, whereas the hydrolysis of ATP is more affected by the ATP analog adenylylimidodiphosphate. The present data are best compatible with a double headed enzyme: Both active sites interact with ATP, only one is active against p-NPP and sensitive against SH-blocking agents.
On the Evolution of an Oligocephalic Enzyme. Glutamine- Chorismate-Amidotransferase-Free Anthranilate Phosphoribosyltransferases from Mutant Strains of Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Grieshaber Manfred
Published: August 2018

(1) A procedure has been described for the purification of two glutamine-chorismate-amido- transferase-free anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferases from mutant strains TAX6trpR782 and trpAB1653trpR782 of Salmonella typhimurium.

(2) The native enzymes tend to aggregate forming polymers of molecular weights 333,000 in the case of TAXtrpR782 and 220,000 and larger than 1X106 in the case of trpABI653trpR782. In the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate the polymer of trpAB1653trpR782 dissociates into a single component with molecular weight of 72,000.

(3) In contrast to anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase of the wild type component II, the glutamine-chorismate-amidotransferase-free proteins do not complex with component I. They do however show catalytical similarities with the wild type with respect to anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase activity.
Inhibition of Millisecond Luminescence by Copper(II) in Spinach Chloroplasts
Authors: Vierke Gerhard , Struckmeier Peter
Published: August 2018

Intoxication of class II chloroplasts of spinach with Cu(II) leads to inhibition of millisecond luminescence. The degree of inhibition depends on Cu (II) -concentration. The investgation of the pH dpendence of the inhibition curve of luminescence revealed that (1) there is an inhibition site of copper on the donor side of photosystem II, (2) copper (II) does not act as an uncoupler of photophosphorylation, (3) a protonation equilibrium is involved in the inhibition mechanism, and (4) copper (II) binds to a dissociated residue of a membrane protein.
Interactions of Protons with Transitions of the Watersplitting Enzyme of Photosystem II as Measured by Delayed Fluorescence
Authors: Bowes Jane M. , Crofts Antony R.
Published: August 2018

By measuring ms delayed fluorescence emission, we have investigated the interaction of protons in the reactions of the watersplitting enzyme of photosystem II.

(1) In the presence of the electron transport mediators 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-p-phenylene diamine (DAD) (in its reduced form) and methyl viologen and of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU), the maximal intensity of the delayed fluorescence measured between 1 and 1.5m s after illumination was greater than the level reached in the presence of DCMU alone.

(2) The stimulation of the delayed fluorescence was greater when the suspension was preilluminated by 1 - 8 xenon (or laser) flashes prior to addition of DCMU, and the maximal intensity varied with the number of preilluminating flashes given.

(3) The amplitude of the intensity of delayed fluorescence oscillated with a periodicity of 4, with a maximum after 2, and minimum after 4 flashes. A negligible oscillation wras observed in the absence of the electron transport mediators.

(4) When the prompt fluorescence intensity was measured under these conditions, a weak oscillation of period 4 with superimposed periodicity of 2 was observed in F0, but of insufficient amplitude to account for the observed changes of delayed fluorescence intensity in terms of the bade reaction caused by addition of DCMU.

(5) We therefore suggest that the enhancement of the delayed fluorescence is due to the release of protons accompanying transitions of the S-states, and that this release occurs not in synchrony with 02, but in all the transitions of the S-states with the exception of Si → S2 . We discuss the relative potentials of the transitions at the low internal pH which is generated as a result of cyclic electron transport around photosystem I in the conditions of our experiments.
Increase and Stabilization of Photoproduction of Hydrogen in Nostoc muscorum by Photosynthetic Electron Transport Inhibitors
Authors: Spiller Hartmut , Ernst Anneliese , Kerfin Wolfgang , Böger Peter
Published: August 2018

Nittrogen-fixing cells of Nostoc muscorum grown under nitrogen or in the presence of nitrate exhibit substantial light-induced hydrogen production for over 15 hours in the presence of electron transport inhibitors. Rates attain levels of 12 μmol H2 evolved/ml packed cell volume and hour. The ATP-dependent nitrogenase, not a hydrogenase, is responsible for hydrogen production. This is indicated by poor sensitivity to CO and inhibition of the reaction by uncouplers, acetylene, and N2 . An active uptake hydrogenase minimizes light-induced H2 production. Although nitrogenase activity is somewhat decreased by several photosynthetic electron transport inhibitors, hydrogen production is markedly increased. This is due to lowering the partial pressure of oxygen in the cell, preventing oxidative hydrogen consumption.
Alterations in Ecdysone Content during the Post-Embryonic Development of Chironomus thummi: Correlations with Chromosomal Puffing
Authors: Valentin M. , Bollenbacher W. E. , Gilbert L. I. , Kroeger H.
Published: August 2018

The ecdysone titer of larvae and pupae of Chironomus thummi was determined by radioimmune assay (RIA) and revealed a concentration of about 150 ng/g fresh weigth in late third instar larvae and a peak of more than 450 ng/g fresh weight just preceding pupation. The ecdysone titer curve shows a high degree of correlation with previously observed puffing activity at the ecdysone sensitive chromosomal site IIIdl. Further, β-ecdysone is the only endogenous ecdysone detected by high pressure liquid chromatography during larval-pupal development. It was also observed that developmentally arrested Chironomus contain less ecdysone than “normal” larvae.
Ribonuclease A Digestion by Proteinase K
Authors: Räuber Norbert R. K. , Jany Klaus-Dieter , Pfleiderer Gerhard
Published: August 2018

The digestion of ribonuclease A by proteinase K yielded one major degradation product only, which could not be distinguished from ribonuclease S by electrophoretical and immunological methods. This component (ribonuclease K) possessing full catalytic activity was characterized to be (1-20/211-124) ribonuclease A . Combined action of proteinase K and trypsin on ribonuclease A leads to a significant increase of the inactivation rate which may be useful in the isolation of mRNA from polysomes.
External Proton Uptake, Internal Proton Release and Internal pH Changes in Chromatophores from Rps. sphaeroides Following Single Turnover Flashes
Authors: Saphon Satham , Gräber Peter
Published: August 2018

The change in internal pH in chromatophores from Rps. sphaeroides following short flash ex­citation has been investigated using the method of the fluorescence quenching of 9-aminoacridine.

(1) A single turnover flash induced a fluorescence quenching of ≅ 0.4%. The fluorescence quenching was stimulated by valinomycin, and oligomycin, and inhibited by antimycin A.

(2) The extent of the pH gradient generated by a single turnover flash at the external pH ≅ 8 was estimated to be less than 0.4 unit.

(3) In a multiflash experiment the change in internal pH induced by each flash was found to be not linearly dependent on the number of protons which had been taken up after each flash from the external medium.

We discuss the significance of the results with respect to the mechanism of phosphorylation. The release of H+ taken up outside the chromatophore into the membrane could not be excluded by the present results.
The Incorporation of [1,2-13C2] Acetate into Pisatin to Establish the Biosynthesis of Its Polyketide Moiety
Authors: Stoessl A. , Stothers J. B.
Published: August 2018

The biosynthesis of the polyketide moiety in pisatin has been examined by incorporation experiments with [1,2-13C2] acetate and 13C-NMR measurements. The results establish that the C-5 carbonyl group in the enzyme-bound, open-chain polyketide precursor is reduced before cyclization to form the aryl ring. The specific incorporation attained in these experiments was considerably higher than that reported for earlier studies using singly labelled, radioactive acetate, emphasizing the importance of the timing of precursor addition.
Inhibition of Photosynthesis by Bentazon in Intact Plants and Isolated Cells in Relation to the pH
Authors: Retzlaff G. , Hilton J. L. , St. John J. B.
Published: August 2018

Bentazon [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4 (3H)-one 2,2-dioxide] causes an increase in the chlorophyll fluorescence in the leaves of mustard plants [Smapis alba (L.) ] as a result of its in­hibitory effect on the photosynthetic electron transport. The rate of this fluorescence induction depends on the pH of the suspension medium. As the concentration of hydrogen ions diminishes, the maximum fluorescence that indicates a total inhibition of photosynthesis is reached at a later time.

In the case of single cells isolated from the leaves of soybean plants [Glycine max (L.) Mer “Harosoy”], bentazon inhibits photosynthetic CO1, assimilation. The amount of inhibition is depen­dent on the pH of the suspension medium. The uptake of CO2 is inhibited more at pH 6 than at pH 7 or 8. Bentazon is more readily absorbed by cells at pH 6 than at pH 7 or 8. The inhibition of CO2 assimilation is proportional to the amount of bentazon taken up.
Biological Determination of Photosynthetic Inhibitors in Soils and Water and Application of Bioassays to Herbicide Investigations
Authors: Pestemer Wilfried
Published: August 2018

Bioassay techniques and procedures for the determination of photosynthetic inhibitors in situ , in vivo, and in vitro are reviewed.

Examples of bioassays for herbicide development and research are given.
Differential Effects of Herbicides upon Trypsin-Treated Chloroplasts
Authors: Böger Peter , Kunert Karl-Josef
Published: August 2018

With trypsin-treated spinach chloroplasts and the assay system H2O→ FeCy, photosynthetic electron transport inhibitors could be subdivided into four groups according to their different inhibitory behaviour under the conditions used.

1. Inhibition exerted by ureas, triazines, triazinones and pyridazinones was reversed to 50 - 60% as against the untreated control.

2. Inhibition by dibromothymoquinone, trifluralin or the 2,4-dinitrophenylether of 2-iodo-4-nitrothymol was almost completely reversed.

3. Inhibition caused by higher concentrations of nitrofen or the analog RH 2512 could only be reversed to a small extent.

4. Phenol herbicides showed increased inhibitory activity during short-term assays.
Site of Action and Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship of a Series of Herbicidal N-Aryl-Substituted 3,4-Dimethyl-2-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-pyrrolones
Authors: Brugnoni G. P. , Moser P. , Trebst A.
Published: August 2018

Substituted phenyl-hydroxy pyrrolone derivatives are potential herbicides and are found to be effective inhibitors of photosynthetic electron flow in chloroplasts. Their site of inhibition is localized at the acceptor side of photosystem II similar to DCMU. They have no effect on photophosphoryla­tion. The correlation of photosynthetic acitivity to chemical structure is studied by comparing 36 derivatives. A clear dependence of inhibitory activity on lipophilicity is found. The dependence of herbicidal activity on chemical structure is more complex.
On the Action of Chlorosis-Inducing Herbicides in Leaves
Authors: Feierabend Jürgen , Schulz Ulrike , Kemmerich Petra , Lowitz Theresia
Published: August 2018

The chlorosis induced by several different herbicides (group 1: aminotriazole, haloxidine; group 2: Sandoz 6706, difunon) in developing leaves of rye seedlings (Secale cereale L.) growing in light of 5,000 lx was, in addition to the absence of chlorophyll and carotenoids, accompanied by specific deficiencies of the 70 S ribosomes and of both chloroplastic and peroxisomal enzymes as previously described (Plant Physiol. 61, 1017 - 1022 (1978)) while growth and mitochondrial activities were little or not impaired.

In dim light (10 lx) chlorophyll was formed and the chloroplastic and peroxisomal enzymes reached activities comparable to those in untreated leaves at 10 lx. Upon exposure to 30,000 lx a rapid bleaching of existing chlorophyll and a rapid inactivation of the plastidic enzyme NADP-glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenase occured after treatment with herbicides of group 2 but not in the presence of herbicides of group 1. After all treatments catalase was rapidly inactivated after transfer to high light intensity. The bleaching of chlorophyll and the enzyme inactivations occurred also at 0 °C. In the herbicide-bleached leaves grown at 5,000 lx the in vivo synthesis of (δ-aminolevulinic acid was low and in the presence of Sandoz 6706 and difunon the capacity for protochlorophyll (ide) synthesis was largely inactivated.
Interference of ʟ-α-Aminooxy-β-Phenylpropionic Acid with Phenylalanine Metabolism in Buckwheat
Authors: Holländer Heike , Kiltz Hans-Hermann , Amrhein Nikolaus
Published: August 2018

ʟ-α-Aminooxy-β-phenylpropionic acid (AOPP), a potent competitive inhibitor of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), blocked light-induced phenylpropanoid synthesis in excised buckwheat hypocotyls and produced an up to 40-fold increase in the endogenous phenylalanine concentra­tion, while the level of all other amino acids was hardly affected.

After a 24 h incubation in the light in the presence of 0.3 or 1 mᴍ AOPP phenylalanine alone constituted about 25% of the total soluble amino acids, compared to appr. 1% in the controls.

In the presence of AOPP illuminated hypocotyls accumulated nearly 3 times more phenylala­nine than hypocotyls kept in the dark, indicating an enhancing effect of light on the flow of carbon through the shikimate pathway. Exogenously added [14C] phenylalanine was extensively metab­olized by control tissue, but accumulated in AOPP treated tissue. In the presence of AOPP radio­activity from [14C] shikimate accumulated predominantly in phenylalanine, and the flow of shi­kimate into tyrosine and phenylalanine was not affected by the inhibitor. Therefore, under these conditions no feedback control of phenylalanine and tyrosine synthesis from shikimate is apparent in buckwheat hypocotyls.
Studies on the Chemistry of Lichens, XX. The Element Concentration of the Lichen Species Alectoria fremontii and Its A ssociated Bark Substrate of Pinus silvestris *
Authors: Solberg Yngve
Published: August 2018

The element concentration of the lichen species Alectoria fremontii and its substrate (bark of Pinus sihestris) were studied. It appeared that the content of all the investigated elements, except for vanadium, was higher in the lichen samples than that in the corresponding bark samples. Analysis-of-variance procedure has demonstrated that the concentration of N, P, S, Se, V, Hg and U in lichen samples appeared to change significantly in samples gathered from two different height-zones on the stems above ground level. However, this was not the case with the bark samples. The elements Se, V, Hg, U, Co and Mo determinations of the samples were performed by neutron activation methods.
New C30-Carotenoic Acid Glucosyl Esters from Pseudomonas rhodos
Authors: Kleinig Hans , Schmitt Rüdiger , Meister Walter , Englert Gerhard , Thommen Hans
Published: August 2018

The carotenoid pigments of the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas rhodos were identified as 4,4′-diapocarotene-4-oic acid, di (β,ᴅ-glucosyl) 4,4′-diaptocarotene-4,4′-dioate, and β,ᴅ-glucosyl-4,4′-diapocarotene-4-oate-4′-oic acid. One hydroxy group of the glucose moieties, probably at C (6), was esterified with one of several fatty acids (12:0, 14:0, 14:1, 16:0, 1 6 :1).
Nor-Carotenoids as the Major Volatile Excretion Products of Cyanidium
Authors: Jüttner Friedrich
Published: August 2018

Cyanidium caldarium excretes a series of nor-carotenoids. A 110 litre culture was used to isolate and determine the structure of 5 compounds: methylheptone, geranylacetone, β-ionone, dihydrotrimethylnaphthalene, butenylidenetrimethylcyclohexene. An algal bioassay was used to determine their effectivness on the growth of photoautotrophic organisms. The growth of Anabaena, Synechococcus, Nannochloris and Cyanidium was found to be inhibited at concentrations between 10 to 50 ppm.
A PAPS-Dependent Sulfotransferase in Cyanophora paradoxa Inhibited by 5ʹ-AMP, 5ʹ-ADP, and APS
Authors: Schmidt Ahlert , Christen Ursula
Published: August 2018

A 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) dependent sulfotransferase was partly purified from Cyanophora paradoxa. This enzyme has a pH-optimum of 8.5 and was found to be specific for PAPS ; the Km for this nucleotide was determined to be 8.3 μᴍ. In crude extracts monothiols like glutathione, mercaptoethanol, or cysteine catalyzed a rate of about 80% of the rate obtained with dithioerythritol; however after purification of the PAPS-sulfotransferase the monothiol activity decreased to about 20% of the rate obtained with dithiols. Addition of heated, crude extract partly restored the monothiol activity. This PAPS-sulfotransferase was inhibited by 5′-ADP and 5′-AMP, and especially by adenosine-5′-phosphosulfate (APS). Practically no inhibition was found with 2′-AMP, 3′-AMP, c-AMP, 3′-5′-ADP and 2′-5′-ADP. The inhibitor constants have been determined to be 430 μᴍ for 5′-AMP; 290 μᴍ for 5′-ADP; and 0.3 μᴍ for APS. These inhibitions seem to be competetive to PAPS. The role of these inhibitors for a possible regulation of assimilatory sulfate reduction are discussed.
Density-Dependent Growth Inhibiting Interactions between 3T3 and SV40-3T3 Cells in Mixed Cultures
Authors: Bosch Jürgen van der , Maier Heinz
Published: August 2018

3T3 cells are shown to reduce SV40-3T3 cell population growth in a density-dependent manner in co-cultures of 3T3 and SV40-3T3 cells. The development of this inhibitory activity roughly parallels the development of density-dependent inhibition of growth in homogeneous 3T3 control cultures. The extent of reduction of SV40-3T3 growth can be manipulated by pretreatment of 3T3 cells with a high serum concentration. SV40-3T3 growth rates are reduced by factors between 10 and 20 under optimum inhibitory conditions as compared to SV40-3T3 growth in control cultures.
Notizen: Phytoalexin Production by Flowers of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum )
Authors: Ingham John L.
Published: August 2018

The isoflavonoid phytoalexin pisatin has been isolated from fungus-inoculated petals of 16 Pisum sativum cultivars. Pisatin was usually accompanied by trace quantities of maackiain. No other fungitoxic compounds were detected.
Hastatosid, ein neues Iridoid aus Verbena hastata L. und Verbena officinalis L. [1] / Hastatoside, a New Iridoid from Verbena hastata L. and Verbena officinalis L. [1]
Authors: Rimpler Horst , Schäfer Bernd
Published: August 2018

Verbenalin and a new iridoid, hastatoside (2) have been isolated from Verbena hastata and V. officinalis. The structure and absolute configuration of hastatoside has been determined by spectroscopical methods, and by correlating 2 chemically with verbenaline and the lactone 6. The lactone 7 has been synthesized from verbenaline. The name brasoside-tetraacetate is proposed for 7, since brasoside has been found in V. brasiliensis as a natural product.
A 1H NMR Study of the Syn-Anti Dynamic Equilibrium in Adenine Nucleosides and Nucleotides with the Aid of Some Synthetic Model Analogues with Fixed Conformations
Authors: Dudycz Lech , Stolarski Ryszard , Pless Reynaldo , Shugar David
Published: August 2018

The syn-anti equilibrium about the glycosidic bond in adenosine and some related analogues was studied by means of 1H NMR spectroscopy, with the aid of several model analogues fixed in given conformations either by intramolecular bonding, or by introduction of a bulky substituent. A model unambiguously and exclusively in the syn conformation is 8-(α-hydroxyisopropyl) adenosine; while one fixed in the a n ti conformation is 8,5′-anhydro-8-oxoadenosine. A new analogue, fixed in the high an ti conformation, is 8,2′-O-isopropylidenearabinofuranosyladenine. Several additional new model compounds were synthesized and their properties are described.

With the aid of these models, the syn-anti dynamic equilibrium was examined for adenosine and some related compounds in different solvent systems, and the conformer populations evaluated quantitatively. The validity of the procedure applied, and the accuracy of the results, are critically examined, and compared with findings obtained by other procedures. Available literature data on the syn-anti equilibrium in other 8-substituted adenosines are re analyzed in the light of the present results. An analysis is also presented of the interdependence of the various conformational parameters, i. e. conformation about the glycosidic bond and those of the sugar ring and exocyclic carbinol group, in adenosine and 2′,3′-O-isopropylideneadenosine.
Comparative Studies on the Dodecameric and Hexameric Forms of Yeast Aminopeptidase I
Authors: Löffler H.-G. , Rohm K.-H.
Published: August 2018

Yeast Aminopeptidase I, Molecular Forms, Immunological Behaviour Yeast aminopeptidase I, when purified from autolysates of brewer’s yeast, is obtained in two molecular forms a) the enzymatically active dodecameric complex (Mr = 640 000, s20, w = 22 S) and b) inactive hexamers (Mr = 320 000, s20, w = 12 S). Although the amino acid composition of the 12 S protein is very similar to that of the active enzyme, the hexamers behave differently in ionic exchange chromatography and during electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels. Moreover, the antigenic properties of 12 S and 22 S aminopeptidase forms suggest a considerable degree of structural diversity. Several strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae did not contain hexameric forms although their 22 S aminopeptidase was immunologically indistinguishable from brewer’s yeast amino­ peptidase. It is proposed that the hexameric protein is the result of “unproductive ” aggregation of aminopeptidase subunits.
Drug-Protein Interaction: 8-Methoxy Psoralen as Photosensitizer of Enzymes and Amino Acids
Authors: Veronese F. M. , Schiavon O. , Bevilacqua R. , Rodighiero G.
Published: August 2018

For a better insight of the molecular basis of the photobiological effects of furocoumarins, the relevance of proteins oxydation by singlet oxygen produced by these substrates under irradiation with long u. v. light was studied.

Complex oligomeric as well as simple monomeric purified enzymes with high or low molecular weight and different properties and simple amino acids were irradiated under oxygen in presence of 8-methoxy-psoralen. The effects on both proteins and amino acids were compared with those obtained under similar conditions with typical photosensitizers as methylene blue and Rose Bengal. The results indicated that the photooxydation of proteins, although possible, appears to play a minor role, if any, in the mechanism of action of furocoumarin.
On the Possible Involvement of Ascorbic Acid and Copper Proteins in Leukemia. III. ESR Investigations on the Interaction between Ascorbic Acid and Some Transition Metal Ions
Authors: Lohmann Wolfgang , Lange Rainer
Published: August 2018

The interaction between lyophilized samples of ascorbic acid and Cu2+, Fe3+ or Mn2+ has been investigated by means of ESR spectroscopy. All of the three transition metal ions form complexes with vitamin C, but only in the case of Cu2+ and Fe3+ the interaction results in a reduction of the metal ions. Cu2+ and ascorbic acid seem to form 2 : 1 complexes with an equilibrium constant of about K = 1 x 107 mol-1. None of these metal ion complexes exhibits, however, the ESR spectrum obtained with leukemic blood.
A Novel Class of Complex Flavonoids from the Frond Exudate of Pityrogramma trifoliata
Authors: Dietz Volker H. , Wollenweber Eckhard , Favre-Bonvin Jean , Gómez P. Luis D.
Published: August 2018

Fronds of the neotropical fern Pityrogram m a trifoliata produce a farinose exudate which consists mainly of a dihydrochalcone. The structure of som e minor constituents has been elucidated by spectroscopic m ethods. They are shown to be representatives of a novel class of complex flavonoids, com posed of a flavonoid and a neoflavonoid moiety. In other terms, they are 5,7-di-hydroxy-8-cinnamoyl-4-phenyl-dihydrocoumarins. The occurence of these and closely related compounds in this fern’s exudate supports its inclusion in the genus Pityrogramma.
Chlorophyll Photobleaching and Ethane Production in Dichlorophenyldimethylurea-(DCMU) or Paraquat-Treated Euglena gracilis Cells
Authors: Elstner Erich F. , Osswald W.
Published: August 2018

Light dependent (35 Klux) chlorophyll bleaching in autotrophically grown Euglena gracilis cells at slightly acidic pH (6.5-5.4) is stimulated by the photosystem II blockers DCMU and DBMIB (both 10-5 м) as well as by the autooxidizable photosystem I electron acceptor, paraquat (10-3 м).

Chlorophyll photobleaching is accompanied by the formation of thiobarbituric acid - sensitive material (“malondialdehyde”) and ethane.

Both chlorophyll photobleaching and light dependent ethane formation are partially prevented by higher concentrations (10-4 м) of the autooxidizable photosystem II electron acceptor DBMIB or by sodium bicarbonate (25 mм).

In vitro studies with cell free extracts (homogenates) from E. gracilis suggest that α-linolenic acid oxidation by excited (reaction center II) chlorophyll represents the driving force for both ethane formation and chlorophyll bleaching.

Ethane formation thus appears to be a sensitive and non-destructive “in vivo” marker for both restricted energy dissipation in photosystem II and, conditions yielding reactive oxygen species at the reducing side of photosystem I.
Multicomponent Sex Pheromone in Agrotis segetum: Preliminary Analysis and Field Evaluation
Authors: Arn H. , Städler E. , Rauscher S. , Buser H. R. , Mustaparta H. , Esbjerg P. , Zethner O. , Philipsen H. , Struble D. L. , Bues R.
Published: August 2018

Abdominal rinses of calling females of the turnip moth, Agrotis segetum, were analyzed by ca­pillary gas chromatography combined with flame ionization detection, electroantennographic de­tection and mass spectrometry. Traces of a compound showing the retention time and high elec- trophysiological activity of (Z)-5-decenyl acetate could be detected only by electroantennography. In addition, (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate, (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate, dodecyl acetate and a compound resembling (E)-5-dodecenyl acetate were found. A mixture of these 5 compounds was as attrac­tive in the field as were virgin females, while (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate, which was also found in the female, was a strong inhibitor. Wind tunnel and field experiments indicate that (Z)-5-decenyl acetate, (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate and probably (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate are essential for attraction.
Sex Attractant System in Polia pisi L. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Priesner Ernst
Published: August 2018

Electrophysiological analysis of olfactory hair sensilla in male P. pisi has revealed four different types of presumed pheromone receptor cells, maximally responsive to (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z11-14:Ac), (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9-14:Ac), (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11-14:Ac) and (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate (Z7-12: Ac), respectively. These four compounds were tested, singly and in various combinations, for efficacy in attracting P. pisi males in the field. High trap catches were obtained with mixtures of Z11-14: Ac/Z9-14: Ac in the ratio 100/100, whereas the 100/30 and 30/100 mixtures of the two compounds were only slightly attractive. No male P. pisi were captured by single chemicals or binary combinations of Z11-14: Ac/Z11-16: Ac, Z11-14:Ac/Z7-12:Ac, Z9-14:Ac/Z11-16:Ac, Z9-14:Ac/Z7-12:Ac, or Z11-16:Ac/Z7-12:Ac. Various compounds, including Z11-16: Ac and Z7-12:Ac, were tried as third chemicals in addi­tion to 100 μg Z11-14: Ac + 100 μg Z9-14: Ac but none increased trap catches over the basic lure.
Versuche, sedativ-hypnotische Wirkstoffe im Hopfen nachzuweisen, II / Narcotic Action of 2-Methyl-3-butene-2-ol Contained in the Exhalation of Hops
Authors: Hänsel Rudolf , Wohlfart Rainer , Coper Helmut
Published: August 2018

Hops are told to promote sleep; manyfold efforts to detect the soporific principle have been unsuccessful so far. Preliminary pharmacological tests lead to the con­clusion that the soporific activity of the exhalation of hops can be explained by its content of 2-methyl-3-butene-2-ol (1) in the volatile fraction. It was found that 1, when given to mices i.p. (0.80 g/kg) produces narcosis for about 8 h; no abnormal behaviour was observed there upon. Due to its water-solubility the concentration of 1 in the essential oil obtained by steam-destination is low; contrary to that, 1, is enriched in the more volatile fraction of hops.
Isolation and Characterization of a Chlorogenic Acid Esterase from Aspergillus niger
Authors: Schöbel B. , Pollmann W.
Published: August 2018

The isolation and characterization of a specific chlorogenic acid esterase is described. The enzyme activity is measured by determination of the hydrolysis product caffeic acid. The enzyme had been concentrated by means of ultrafiltration and column-chromatography. The pH- and temperature optimum were 6.5 and 45 °C respectively. Divalent cations were not required for the enzyme activity. As other esterases, this enzyme is inhibited by di-isopropyl-phosphorofluoridate. The Km-value is 0.70 mᴍ chlorogenic acid, the molecular weight 240000. The described enzyme is specific for chlorogenic acid.

On the other hand a typical unspecific esterase like the pig liver esterases does not split chloro­genic acid.

The isoelectric focusing reveals several isoenzymes of chlorogenase within a pI-range of 4.0-4.5.
Thymineless Death in Recombination Deficient Mutants of Escherichia coli K12
Authors: Ahmad S. I.
Published: August 2018

When grown in thymine-free minimal synthetic medium, thyA recA mutants of Escherichia coli K12 were comparatively more resistant and thyA recBC mutants more sensitive to thymineless death (TLD) than their respective parent strains. No excessive numbers of single-strand breaks were observed in the DNA of the recBC mutant strain starved for thymine, hence the hypersensi­ tivity for TLD in this strain was not caused by this type of DNA damage. Although experiments were performed with the same recBC mutant strain as used by earlier workers, results presented here contradict earlier findings that recBC mutants are no more sensitive and recA mutants are no more resistant to TLD.
Paraquat-Catalyzed Photodestructions in Subchloroplast Particles are Independent on Photosynthetic Electron Transport
Authors: Elstner E. F. , Lengfelder E. , Kwiatkowski G.
Published: August 2018

Light dependent ethane formation and chlorophyll bleaching in isolated chloroplast lamellae are enhanced by either methylviologen or α-linolenic acid. Both ethane formation and chloro­phyll bleaching are also enhanced in chloroplast particles deficient in photosynthetic electron transport, e. g. after aging, heat treatment or digitonin fragmentation. Ethane formation by sub­ chloroplast particles from endogenous substrates in the presence of methylviologen is inhibited by superoxide dismutase or by a penicillamine copper complex exhibiting superoxide dismutase activity whereas chlorophyll bleaching is enhanced by superoxide dismutase - active substances.

Maximal rates of ethane formation in subchloroplast particles are observed when more than 50% of the chlorophyll is bleached and continues after 98% chlorophyll bleaching. This result indicated that methylviologen -stimulated ethane production in subchloroplast particles is not de­pendent on photosynthetic electron transport but involves “activated oxygen” - species like the superoxide radical ion, generated by a light receptor derived from the pigmentsystem of photo­ system I or activated after its destruction.