bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDY OF DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO PHOTOREALISTIC MODELLING AND RENDERING OF COMPLEX SURFACES
Authors: Dellarovere T. , Koehl M. , Rodrigues J.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Schwarzenburg Castle is one of the few Alsatian castles that can be dated with precision. The Schwarzenbourg family, taking advantage of a favourable historical and political context, built the castle in 1261 on the municipal boundary of the town of Munster. Initially intended for residential use, the castle passed through the centuries from family to family, and shortly becoming a ruin. The first major renovation was realized in the 15th century, but for military purposes rather than for housing. This was the only one, as the castle was quickly abandoned at the end of the same century. It was only during the First World War that the castle was used by the German army, which built a bunker in the upper courtyard. Schwarzenbourg castle is, therefore, an original in Alsace, both in terms of its history and its characteristics, which have no regional equal. The objective of this modelling project is twofold. On the one hand, to model the current state of the castle, i.e., an advanced state of ruin for certain elements, and, on the other hand, to model the reconstruction of the castle as it was when it was built in 1261. This double objective comes up against several problems, mainly technical. Indeed, how to move from a point cloud of a certain density and quality to a surface model allowing a realistic rendering? How to limit the influence of the noise on the quality of the surface model? How to remain faithful to the cloud while simplifying the geometric primitives to make the rendering more efficient? Or what technique should be used to reconstitute the castle as it was when it was built? The objective here was to realize the transformation from a consolidated and geo-referenced point cloud to a surface model allowing for a photo-realistic rendering.
HANDLING CRITICAL ASPECTS IN MASSIVE PHOTOGRAMMETRIC DIGITIZATION OF MUSEUM ASSETS
Authors: Farella E. M. , Morelli L. , Grilli E. , Rigon S. , Remondino F.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. In recent years, a growing interest in the 3D digitisation of museum assets has been pushed by the evident advantages of digital copies in supporting and advancing the knowledge, preservation and promotion of historical artefacts. Realising photo-realistic and precise digital twins of medium and small-sized movable objects implies several operations, still hiring open research problems and hampering the complete automation and derivation of satisfactory results while limiting processing time. The work examines some recurrent issues and potential solutions, summing up several experiences of photogrammetric-based massive digitisation projects. In particular, the article presents some insights into three crucial aspects of the photogrammetric pipeline. The first experiments tackle the Depth of Field (DoF) problem, especially when digitising small artefacts with macro-lenses. On the processing side, two decisive and time-consuming tasks are instead investigated: background masking and point cloud editing, exploring and proposing automatic solutions for speeding up the reconstruction process.
BIM APPLIED ON THE MEGALITHIC HERITAGE: INTRODUCTION TO THE A-BIM AND THE ASSETS OF THE MODEL FOR THE DIAGNOSTIC AND THE DEFINITION OF CONSERVATION MEASURES
Authors: Groux D. , Quéré G. , Scaramuzza P.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. The diversity and the number of factors impacting the conservation of buildings heritage require to compare and confront a wide range of data to understand better the causes of the potential disorders. The HBIM technology and processes have already shown their ability to enhance the diagnostic of historical monuments throughout the past years and is now mature enough to be applied on megalithic heritage.Focused on the case of the cairn of Gavrinis, this survey deals with the creation of the BIM model of the monument and its assets for the diagnostic. The 3D mapping of the disorders within the BIM model is highlighted. The pros of this workflow are also described before a short introduction to the following steps in progress.
BUILT HERITAGE VISUALIZATIONS IN IMMERSIVE ENVIRONMENTS TO SUPPORT SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENTS BY MULTIPLE STAKEHOLDERS
Authors: Jouan P. , Moray L. , Hallot P.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. In recent years, technological advances in game engines allowed researchers to propose methodological frameworks for integrating digital models of the built heritage in Virtual (VR), Augmented (AR) and Mixed Reality environments. Among other benefits, specific applications have demonstrated the potential of such immersive environments to raise awareness about the significance of historical objects, share associated knowledge and facilitate its collaborative management. Based on the necessity to retrieve information about users' experience, this research considers the potential of such environments to include a broader range of stakeholders in the value assessment process for historical sites and objects and provide more comprehensive representations of their significance for society. This paper proposes implementing a collaborative framework for value assessment in a virtual environment that combines multiple heritage representations to explore this issue. A prototype is further implemented on a practical case study, namely the Collegiate Church of Saint-Jean, located in Liège, Belgium.
GEOMETRIC PRIMITIVE EXTRACTION FROM SEMANTICALLY ENRICHED POINT CLOUDS
Authors: Kyriakaki-Grammatikaki S. , Stathopoulou E. K. , Grilli E. , Remondino F. , Georgopoulos A.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. 3D point clouds are robust representations of real-world objects and usually contain information about the shape, size, position and radiometry of the scene. However, unstructured point clouds do not directly exploit the full potential of such information and thus, further analysis is commonly required. Especially when dealing with cultural heritage objects which are, typically, described by complex 3D geometries, semantic segmentation is a fundamental step for the automatic identification of shapes, erosions, etc. This paper focuses on the efficient extraction of semantic classes that would support the generation of geometric primitives such as planes, spheres, cylinders, etc. Our semantic segmentation approach relies on supervised learning using a Random Forest algorithm, while the geometric shapes are identified and extracted with the RANSAC model fitting algorithm. In this way the parametric modelling procedure in a HBIM environment is easily enabled. Our experiments show the efficient label transferability of our 3D semantic segmentation approach across different Doric Greek temples, with qualitatively and quantitatively evaluations.
THE INTEGRATION OF THE MULTI-TEMPORAL CONSERVATION WORKS AND NON-INVASIVE MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Markiewicz J. , Górecka K. , Zawieska D. , Zieliński M. , Łapiński S. , Kot P.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Heritage sites are affected by many factors that cause degradation and decay over time, such as soil deformation, changes in weather conditions, or excess moisture, which can cause damages to historical sites. For this reason, restoration works are planned and carried out to preserve the object's existing condition, renovate and repair the damaged parts, or restore the original condition of the object. The Rescue Project was undertaken in the Blessed Ladislas’ chapel in St. Anna's Church in Warsaw, Poland. The main goal of the planned work was to restore the original rococo character of the dome paintings. The aim of this article was to present the integration of the multi-temporal conservation work and non-invasive measurements for changes analysis during conservation works. For this purpose, point clouds acquired with a Z+F 5006h ground-based scanner and images captured via Structure-from-Motion and MultiView Stereo method implemented in Agisoft Metashape software were used. The proposed conservation analysis method was a multi-stage process that involved: (1) automatic data integration using a feature-based approach based on 2D detectors and point clouds converted to spherical images, (2) generalisation and harmonisation of source data, and (3) analysis of deviations between point clouds. Having registered point clouds with each other, it was possible to analyse changes that occurred during conservation work. Calculated distances between both point clouds show the localisation of cracks and damages and enable measure of the size and depth of crevices on the dome wall.
A TWO-STEP FEATURE EXTRACTION ALGORITHM: APPLICATION TO DEEP LEARNING FOR POINT CLOUD CLASSIFICATION
Authors: Nurunnabi A. , Teferle F. N. , Laefer D. F. , Lindenbergh R. C. , Hunegnaw A.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Most deep learning (DL) methods that are not end-to-end use several multi-scale and multi-type hand-crafted features that make the network challenging, more computationally intensive and vulnerable to overfitting. Furthermore, reliance on empirically-based feature dimensionality reduction may lead to misclassification. In contrast, efficient feature management can reduce storage and computational complexities, builds better classifiers, and improves overall performance. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a well-known dimension reduction technique that has been used for feature extraction. This paper presents a two-step PCA based feature extraction algorithm that employs a variant of feature-based PointNet (Qi et al., 2017a) for point cloud classification. This paper extends the PointNet framework for use on large-scale aerial LiDAR data, and contributes by (i) developing a new feature extraction algorithm, (ii) exploring the impact of dimensionality reduction in feature extraction, and (iii) introducing a non-end-to-end PointNet variant for per point classification in point clouds. This is demonstrated on aerial laser scanning (ALS) point clouds. The algorithm successfully reduces the dimension of the feature space without sacrificing performance, as benchmarked against the original PointNet algorithm. When tested on the well-known Vaihingen data set, the proposed algorithm achieves an Overall Accuracy (OA) of 74.64% by using 9 input vectors and 14 shape features, whereas with the same 9 input vectors and only 5PCs (principal components built by the 14 shape features) it actually achieves a higher OA of 75.36% which demonstrates the effect of efficient dimensionality reduction.
CLOUD-TO-BIM-TO-VR: AN OPERATIVE APPROACH FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF INTERACTIVE AND INFORMATION MODELS FOR THE CULTURAL HERITAGE
Authors: Pulcrano M.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. This paper describes the results of a research that aimed to focus on a possible approach in the knowledge, representation and dissemination of the Cultural Heritage through CLOUD-to-BIM-to-VR application processes. Starting from reality-based surveys of the current state and information modelling in BIM platforms, the experimentation conducted involved the construction of a VR fruition system for the Simón Ruiz Hospital in Medina del Campo (Valladolid, Spain). An application for mobile devices was therefore designed to describe the artifact and the information acquired - or processed - during the various research phases according to alternative methods and completely independent from the software that generated them. The fruition system is completed with cardboard type supports, for stereoscopic viewing, and controller, to allow the user to navigate in the represented scene and activate the information hotspots that implement the contents of the App.Specifically, the results presented here relate to the operational sequences and products obtained in the organization and programming of the App, structured to allow a multidimensional and multimodal fruition path. The characteristics that connote it, therefore, are related to the setting of incremental levels of knowledge, different by type of content displayed – historical, descriptive, technical, etc. –, form in which it is presented – spherical and photographic images, point cloud, geometric and informative model, textual descriptions, etc. – and integration of hotspots for extend the informative and descriptive content.
HOLOLENS 2 SPATIAL MAPPING CAPABILITIES IN VAST MONUMENTAL HERITAGE ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Teruggi S. , Fassi F.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. HoloLens 2 is a state-of-the-art of Mixed Reality device that can augment the natural environment with virtual content in the form of holograms. Spatial mapping is the capability of the device to scan the environment and provide the user with a detailed 3D mesh model representation of its surroundings. The device can place holograms about real-world objects, perform occlusions and simulate physical interactions only having the geometric knowledge of its operating environment. HoloLens 2 mapping capabilities have been extensively tested. Nevertheless, no test was performed on monumental heritage buildings, where dimensions far exceed the typical sensor working range of the device. The authors want to evaluate the capability of the device to map monumental spaces. In these environments, dimensions, repetition of elements and heterogeneity of areas provide a real challenge for out-of-the-box Microsoft localization and mapping algorithms. The test case will be Milan Cathedral, inside the research project to build an MR application to help and enhance the systematic and planned maintenance intervention and inspections. Mapping capabilities have been tested in very different spaces: i) the south nave; ii) the empty volumes between the internal vaults and the external roof ("Sordine"); iii) the narrow spiral staircase connecting the south nave with the roofs lower level.
ACCESSIBLE PATH FINDING FOR HISTORIC URBAN ENVIRONMENTS: FEATURE EXTRACTION AND VECTORIZATION FROM POINT CLOUDS
Authors: Treccani D. , Díaz-Vilariño L. , Adami A.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Sidewalk inventory is a topic whose importance is increasing together with the widespread use of smart city management. In order to manage the city properly and to make informed decisions, it is necessary to know the real conditions of the city. Furthermore, when planning and calculating cultural routes within the city, these routes must take into account the specific needs of all users. Therefore, it is important to know the conditions of the city’s sidewalk network and also their physical and geometrical characteristics. Typically, sidewalk network are generated basing on existing cartographic data, and sidewalk attributes are gathered through crowdsourcing. In this paper, the sidewalk network of an historic city was produced starting from point cloud data. The point cloud was semantically segmented in ”roads” and ”sidewalks”, and then the cluster of points of sidewalks surfaces were used to compute sidewalk attributes and to generate a vector layer composed of nodes and edges. The vector layer was then used to compute accessible paths between Points of Interest, using QGIS. The tests made on a real case study, the historic city and UNESCO site of Sabbioneta (Italy), shows a vectorization accuracy of 98.7%. In future, the vector layers and the computed paths could be used to generate maps for city planners, and to develop web or mobile phones routing apps.
MACHINE LEARNING METHODS FOR UNESCO CHINESE HERITAGE: COMPLEXITY AND COMPARISONS
Authors: Zhang K. , Teruggi S. , Fassi F.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Recent years have seen the investigation and 3D documentation of architectural heritage becoming more accessible. The digitalization process could be more efficient when artificial intelligence is used in processing point cloud models. This article investigates the use of machine learning classification algorithms and a Multi-Level Multi-Resolution (MLMR) methodology to classify two point cloud projects in China, Nanchan Ssu, and Fokuang Ssu. Performances of multiple algorithms and solutions are compared, proving the applicability of MLMR on the point clouds. The practices pointed out the significance of corresponding features to classification rules and a sound logic in designing a systematic label tree with hierarchical semantic meanings.
3D MODELING WITH 5K 360° VIDEOS
Authors: Barazzetti L. , Previtali M. , Roncoroni F.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Video acquisition with 360° (spherical) cameras is becoming increasingly popular for the opportunity to capture the entire scene around the user in a relatively short time. The method can also be attractive for photogrammetric applications. As the overlap between consecutive frames is undoubtedly guaranteed, 3D models can be generated with an automated processing workflow. The paper illustrates the results achieved with 5k 360° videos captured with different Insta360 cameras. As the number of frames can become large, two complementary solutions are proposed to provide approximate initial exterior orientation parameters: the integration of the trajectory captured through GNSS, and the creation of an acquisition plan with a GIS-based application. The availability of approximated EO parameters provides a visibility map between the frames and reduces the computational cost during image matching. Experimental results demonstrate that such preliminary information is necessary for large datasets. Indeed, the photogrammetric processing of the entire dataset without the proposed preliminary EO parameters resulted in unreliable or incomplete orientation results.
Early periprosthetic hip joint infection managed by cementless one-stage revision – a case series
Authors: Riemer Kristoffer , Lange Jeppe
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Background: Early periprosthetic hip joint infection (PJI) is traditionally treated with
debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR). However, infection
control rates after DAIR-treated periprosthetic hip joint infection do not exceed 77 %.
Cementless one-stage revision of chronic PJI by the Cementless One-stage Revision of Infected Hip Arthroplasty (CORIHA) protocol has been evaluated positively with a 91 % success rate. We wanted to evaluate the
effectiveness of cementless one-stage revision following the CORIHA protocol
for early PJI in elective primary total hip arthroplasty, regarding risk of
re-operation with exchange of implants. Methods: We identified 18 patients in our center with early (≤6-week postoperative) PJI after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) treated with one-stage cementless
revision in the period January 2012–March 2018. Treatment followed the
CORIHA protocol. Primary outcome was retention of implants at the most recent follow-up. Patients were followed for a minimum of 3 years. Results: Mean follow-up time was 60 months (39–105). All patients retained their
implants, but two required superficial soft tissue debridement due to
persistent wound seepage. Conclusion: Cementless one-stage revision appears to be an effective treatment of early
PJI after primary THA and at least an equal choice of treatment compared with DAIR. Whether the potential benefit of a lower re-revision rate for
postoperative PJI outweighs the increased surgical complexity of the CORIHA
procedure needs further evaluation.
Fractional relaxation noises, motions and the fractional energy balance equation
Authors: Lovejoy Shaun
Published: February 2022

Abstract. We consider the statistical properties of solutions of the stochastic
fractional relaxation equation and its fractionally integrated extensions
that are models for the Earth's energy balance. In these equations, the
highest-order derivative term is fractional, and it models the energy storage processes that are scaling over a wide range. When driven stochastically, the system is a fractional Langevin equation (FLE) that has been considered
in the context of random walks where it yields highly nonstationary
behaviour. An important difference with the usual applications is that we instead consider the stationary solutions of the Weyl fractional relaxation
equations whose domain is −∞ to t rather than 0 to t. An additional key difference is that, unlike the (usual) FLEs – where the highest-order term is of integer order and the fractional term represents a scaling damping – in the fractional relaxation equation, the fractional term
is of the highest order. When its order is less than 1/2 (this is the main empirically relevant range), the solutions are noises (generalized
functions) whose high-frequency limits are fractional Gaussian noises (fGn). In order to yield physical processes, they must be smoothed, and this is conveniently done by considering their integrals. Whereas the basic
processes are (stationary) fractional relaxation noises (fRn), their
integrals are (nonstationary) fractional relaxation motions (fRm) that generalize both fractional Brownian motion (fBm) as well as Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes. Since these processes are Gaussian, their properties are determined by their
second-order statistics; using Fourier and Laplace techniques, we analytically develop corresponding power series expansions for fRn and fRm and their fractionally integrated extensions needed to model energy storage
processes. We show extensive analytic and numerical results on the
autocorrelation functions, Haar fluctuations and spectra. We display sample
realizations. Finally, we discuss the predictability of these processes which – due to
long memories – is a past value problem, not an initial value problem (that is used for
example in highly skillful monthly and seasonal temperature forecasts). We
develop an analytic formula for the fRn forecast skills and compare it to
fGn skill. The large-scale white noise and fGn limits are attained in a slow power law manner so that when the temporal resolution of the series is small
compared to the relaxation time (of the order of a few years on the Earth), fRn and its extensions can mimic a long memory process with a range of
exponents wider than possible with fGn or fBm. We discuss the implications
for monthly, seasonal, and annual forecasts of the Earth's temperature as well as for projecting the temperature to 2050 and 2100.
Ship-board determination of whole-rock (ultra-)trace element concentrations by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis of pressed powder pellets aboard the D/V Chikyu
Authors: Rospabé Mathieu , Kourim Fatma , Tamura Akihiro , Takazawa Eiichi , Giampouras Manolis , Chatterjee Sayantani , Ishii Keisuke , Cooper Matthew J. , Godard Marguerite , Carter Elliot , Abe Natsue , Moe Kyaw , Teagle Damon A. H. ,   Oman Drilling Project “ChikyuOman2018 Leg 3” Science
Team
Published: February 2022

Abstract. The Oman Drilling Project (OmanDP), performed under the
International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP), is an
international scientific research project that undertook drilling at a range of sites in the Semail ophiolite (Oman) to collect core samples spanning the stratigraphy of the ophiolite, from the upper oceanic crust down to the basal thrust. The cores were logged to International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) standards aboard the D/V Chikyu. During ChikyuOman2018 Leg 3 (July–August 2018), participants described cores from the crust–mantle transition (CM) sites. The main rock types recovered at these sites were
gabbros, dunites and harzburgites, rocks typically forming the base of the
oceanic crust and the shallow mantle beneath present-day spreading centres.
In addition to the core description, selected samples were analysed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) for their chemical compositions, including major, minor and some trace elements. To complement these standard procedures, we developed new
approaches to measure ultra-trace element concentrations using a procedure
adapted from previous works to prepare fine-grained pressed powder pellets
coupled with laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analysis using instrumentation aboard the D/V Chikyu. First, three (ultra)mafic reference materials were investigated to test and validate our procedure (BHVO-2, BIR-1a and JP-1), and then the procedure was applied to a selection of gabbro and dunite samples from the CM cores to
explore the limitations of the method in its current stage of development.
The obtained results are in good agreement with preferred values for the
reference materials and with subsequent solution replicate analyses of the same samples performed in shore-based laboratories following Leg 3 for the
CM samples. We describe this procedure for the determination of 37 minor and (ultra-)trace elements (transition elements and Ga, Li and Large-Ion Lithophile Elements (LILE), Rare Earth Elements (REE), High-Field-Strength Elements (HFSE), U, Th, and Pb) in mafic and ultramafic rocks. The presented method has the major advantage that it allows the determination at sea of the
(ultra-)trace element concentrations in a “dry”, safe way, without using
acid reagents. Our new approach could be extended for other elements of
interest and/or be improved to be adapted to other rock materials during
future ocean drilling operations aboard the D/V Chikyu and other platforms.
Brief communication: Impact of common ice mask in surface mass balance estimates over the Antarctic ice sheet
Authors: Hansen Nicolaj , Simonsen Sebastian B. , Boberg Fredrik , Kittel Christoph , Orr Andrew , Souverijns Niels , van Wessem J. Melchior , Mottram Ruth
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Regional climate models compute ice sheet surface mass balance (SMB) over a mask that defines the area covered by glacier ice, but ice masks have not been harmonised between models. Intercomparison studies of modelled SMB therefore use a common ice mask. The SMB in areas outside the common ice mask, which are typically coastal and high-precipitation regions, is discarded. Ice mask differences change integrated SMB by between 40.5 and 140.6 Gt yr−1 (1.8 % to 6.0 % of ensemble mean SMB), equivalent to the entire Antarctic mass imbalance. We conclude there is a pressing need for a common ice mask protocol.
Emancipação do olhar: o papel da fotografia numa formação escolar reflexiva
Authors: Sirtoli Guilherme Susin , Brandão Cláudia Mariza Mattos
Published: February 2022

Este trabalho discute questões acerca da fotografia enquanto propulsora do pensamento crítico e da formação de sujeitos reflexivos na sociedade contemporânea. Para tal, situa-se a fotografia enquanto fonte de comunicação, sendo considerada uma linguagem não-verbal (FERRARA, 2002), resultante de uma percepção da realidade (DUBOIS, 1993) e de uma criação poética do imaginário (DURAND, 2004). O trabalho analisa atividades desenvolvidas no projeto de extensão “PhotoGraphein vai à Escola” (UFPel), com escolares do ensino fundamental em escolas públicas da região de Pelotas e Rio Grande – RS. As atividades extensionistas atuam com base em experiências estéticas formadoras (DEWEY, 2010) e na relação entre a fotografia e o olhar, possibilitando perspectivar o quanto tais questões reverberam no âmbito do ensino em Artes Visuais. Com tal análise foi possível perceber relações estabvelecidas e aprendizados que alteraram positivamente a forma com que os jovens educandos decodificam e percebem os símbolos presentes no mundo ao redor, possibilitando a transformação do vivido em experiências formadoras para todos os envolvidos.
La crise sanitaire : une occasion de penser des pratiques d’évaluation dans le cadre d’un enseignement à distance
Authors: Verchier Yann , Lison Christelle
Published: February 2022

La crise sanitaire a imposé aux structures d’enseignement supérieur la mise en place d’un enseignement à distance. Dans ce cadre, l’évaluation des apprentissages s’est avérée difficile. Notre article propose de présenter différentes stratégies d’évaluation mises en place par des équipes pédagogiques lors des semestres en distanciel, de discuter de leurs limites et de mettre en lumière les questionnements et les prises de conscience des enseignants. Afin de nourrir ce bilan, le ressenti des étudiants quant à ces évaluations est aussi présenté. Au-delà de l’utilisation d’exemples dans les pratiques et de la littérature existante sur le sujet, nous souhaitons prendre un recul critique afin de voir dans quelle mesure cela pourrait également s’appliquer dans une perspective d’enseignement en présentiel.
Pratiques d’évaluation numérique chez le personnel enseignant : Vers le développement d’un instrument de mesure
Authors: Bisaillon Jérémie , Rosselet-Potvin Edith , Leduc Diane
Published: February 2022

L’article présente une synthèse de travaux effectués dans le cadre d’un stage doctoral à l’Observatoire des pratiques innovantes d’évaluation des apprentissages (OPIEVA) de l’Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM). Le stage portait sur le développement d’un outil de mesure des pratiques d’évaluation numérique du personnel enseignant à tous les ordres d’enseignement. À partir d’une recension des écrits, 11 moyens de soutenir l’évaluation à l’aide du numérique ont été identifiés. Ces caractéristiques de l’évaluation numérique ont permis de créer, de concert avec l’équipe de l’OPIEVA, une première version d’un questionnaire. En plus de définir les caractéristiques de l’évaluation numérique et de présenter des items du questionnaire, cet article discute de la portée des travaux effectués pour la description des pratiques enseignantes avec le numérique.
Évaluation des apprentissages en formation à distance en enseignement supérieur, une note de lecture sur l’ouvrage de Lafleur, Nolla et Samson
Authors: Fournier Dubé Naomie
Published: February 2022

Dirigé par France Lafleur, Jean-Marc Nolla et Ghislain Samson, l’ouvrage Évaluation des apprentissages en formation à distance : Enjeux, modalités et opportunités de formation en enseignement supérieur, composé de neuf chapitres, met de l’avant l’expertise de différents acteurs en sciences de l'éducation, au regard de l’évaluation en formation à distance, dans le contexte de l’enseignement postsecondaire.
L’intégration des technologies numériques à l’évaluation des apprentissages à distance en enseignement supérieur : quelles transformations des pratiques évaluatives?
Authors: Leroux Julie Lyne , Nolla Jean-Marc
Published: February 2022

Au Québec, des établissements d’enseignement supérieur au collégial, dont les programmes visent le développement de compétences, se tournent vers la formation à distance (FAD) et l’intégration des technologies numériques (TN) pour accroitre l’accessibilité aux études. Sur la base des constats que les pratiques d’évaluation intégrant les TN sont peu documentées, le projet de recherche mené en amont à la pandémie vise l’identification de pratiques d’évaluation des apprentissages à distance mises en œuvre par des enseignants dans le cadre d’un cours d’un programme. La recherche qualitative/interprétative réalisée a permis d’apporter un éclairage au sujet des pratiques évaluatives intégrant les TN. Les résultats révèlent l’émergence de pratiques évaluatives qui intègrent les TN afin de répliquer, d’amplifier et de transformer l’évaluation des compétences.
An Investigation into the Occupational Exposure of Service Station Pump Attendants to Low Levels of Benzene Present in Gasoline Vapour during Refuelling
Authors:   University of Guyana, Chan-A-Sue Marcelle , Espinosa Isidro ,   University of Guyana, Rose Shanomae ,   University of Guyana
Published: February 2022

This study covers an investigation into occupational exposure to benzene emitted from gasoline during refuelling in Greater Georgetown. Pump attendants are particularly vulnerable as they are constantly exposed to gasoline vapour during their work day. Two mathematical models were used to determine a concentration of benzene to which gasoline pump attendants could potentially be exposed. Then the potential health implications of this exposure were examined. The benzene exposure concentrations were found to be 1.5mg/m3 and 0.4mg/m3 for Shell and Guyoil Service Stations respectively, which are within the permissible exposure limits set by the developed world (e.g. by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health in the United States of America and countries of the European Union). Due to certain limitations of this research, future research using more accurate methods is required to determine a general occupational exposure for all pump attendants in Greater Georgetown at any given time, and measures to reduce exposure should be considered.
The Green Economy and Energy
Authors:   University of Guyana, Simmons Denise
Published: February 2022

Achieving solutions would not be easy, but they are imperative to improving energy security and averting further harm to the environment, while simultaneously ensuring development.
Radiation hardness characterization of low gain avalanche detector prototypes for the high granularity timing detector
Authors: Yang Xiao , Ma Kuo , Zheng Xiangxuan , Liu Yanwen ,   Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China,   State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
Published: February 2022

The high granularity timing detector (HGTD) is a crucial component of the ATLAS phase II upgrade to cope with the extremely high pile-up (the average number of interactions per bunch crossing can be as high as 200). With the precise timing information (σt～30 ps) of the tracks, the track-to-vertex association can be performed in the “4-D” space. The Low Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD) technology is chosen for the sensors, which can provide the required timing resolution and good signal-to-noise ratio. Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. (HPK) has produced the LGAD with thicknesses of 35 μm and 50 μm. The University of Science and Technology of China(USTC) has also developed and produced 50 μm LGADs prototypes with the Institute of Microelectronics (IME) of Chinese Academy of Sciences. To evaluate the irradiation hardness, the sensors are irradiated with the neutron at the JSI reactor facility and tested at USTC. The irradiation effects on both the gain layer and the bulk are characterized by I-V and C-V measurements at room temperature (20 ℃) or −30 ℃. The breakdown voltages and depletion voltages are extracted and presented as a function of the fluences. The final fitting of the acceptor removal model yielded the c-factor of 3.06×10−16 cm−2, 3.89×10−16 cm−2 and 4.12×10−16 cm−2 for the HPK-1.2, HPK-3.2 and USTC-1.1-W8, respectively, showing that the HPK-1.2 sensors have the most irradiation resistant gain layer. A novel analysis method is used to further exploit the data to get the relationship between the c-factor and initial doping density.
El Reloj del Apocalipsis. ¿La antesala de un colapso ecológico?
Authors: Schifter Secora Isaac , González Macías María del Carmen
Published: February 2022

El cambio climático pone en peligro nuestras esperanzas. “Estamos al borde de un abismo y movióndonos en la dirección equivocada”, declara el secretario de las Naciones Unidas en 2021. Debemos, por tanto, actualizar nuestro lenguaje para describir lo que ocurre: en la actualidad ya hablamos de mega huracanes, super tormentas y lluvias intensas. Para que esto no siga sucediendo se necesita un recorte de 45% de las emisiones para 2030, aunque se predice que ese año aumentarán 16%. Eso nos condenaría a un escenario infernal por el aumento de temperatura de al menos 2.7 °C sobre niveles preindustriales. Un gran número de países se ha comprometido a alcanzar cero emisiones netas de gases invernadero para 2050. Se argumenta que nos enfrentamos a un futuro “apocalíptico”, prediciendo una transformación de la temperatura que ser  catastrófica, inevitable. En muchos aspectos, como veremos, hemos pasado el punto de no retorno, por lo cual no podemos seguir evadiendo el problema, sino más bien imaginar cómo podemos detenerlo. Existe una palabra para esta nueva era en la que vivimos: el Antropoceno, término que representa la idea de que hemos entrado en una nueva era geológica en la historia de nuestro planeta.
Chromium Manganese and Zinc Levels in the Biological Samples of Type 1 Diabetic Mellitus Children Reside in Different Areas of Sindh Pakistan
Authors: Anjum Lashari Anjum Lashari , Hasan Imran Afridi Hasan Imran Afridi , Tasneem Gul Kazi Tasneem Gul Kazi , Farah Naz Talpur and Jameel Ahmed Baig Farah Naz Talpur and Jameel Ahmed Baig
Published: February 2022

T1DM is the most acquainted childhood immune-caused onset and may lead to early mortalities and morbidities. It can emanate in any age group but is highest reported in lesser than 18 years of age. In Pakistan only, T1DM institutes ~ 2% of the all diabetic population. This work was formulated to assess the concentration of manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and chromium (Cr) in blood, scalp hair and serum samples of diabetic mellitus type 1 children age ranged (1–5), (6-10) and (11-14) years of both genders (male and female), compared with similar sex and age referent subjects. For sample pretreatment, microwave-aided acid digestion procedure (MAD) was employed for elemental analysis in the biological samples of T1DM children. The employed method was validated by using certified reference samples of blood, scalp hair, and serum. Digests biological specimen were analyzed by AAS. The Zn was analyzed by FAAS, while the assessment of Mn and Cr were measured by ETAAS. The Mn, Zn and Cr, presents significantly low levels in the samples of scalp hair, blood and serum of female and male of age group of (1-5) (6-10) and (11-14) of diabetic mellitus type 1 children, compared with referent subjects. These data present an important hypothesis to doctors and other clinical experts to investigate insufficiency of these essential micronutrients (Cr, Mn, andamp; Zn) in biological specimen of blood, scalp hairs and serum of T1DM children.
The Ring Formation Mechanism in Cyclization of Berberine
Authors: Guosheng Wang Guosheng Wang , Siyu Han and Ronghui Xu Siyu Han and Ronghui Xu
Published: February 2022

Berberine hydrochloride is a natural alkaloid with significant antitumor activities against many types of cancer cells, can be synthesized by cyclic reaction with hydrochloride condensate and glyoxal as raw materials and copper chloride as catalyst. In this study, the transition and energy change for the each reaction step was calculated by the density functional theory program Dmol3 in Materials Studio 2017. and the results testified that there are two ring formation in the cycliztion process, and according to the result we proposed the mechanism of this cyclization reaction. We also use infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy to monitor the reaction process in real time and prove the ring formation process. The reaction mechanism was firstly proposed at the basic results of above.
Investigation of The Relationship Between The Substituent and Nonlinear Optical Properties in 2- (Phenyl ((4-Vinylphenyl)Amino) Methyl)Phenol Derivative Compounds by DFT Method
Authors: Yeliz Ula Yeliz Ula
Published: February 2022

In this study, NLO properties and substituent relationship of the recently synthesized three alkylaminophenol compounds, which have electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups were investigated. The polarizability (andlt;αandgt;), the anisotropy of the polarizability (andlt;Δαandgt;), groundstate dipole moment (μ) and the first-order hyperpolarizability (β) were studied. HF method and DFT/B3LYP, WB97XD methods with 6-311++ G(d,p) set were used for calculations. p-Nitroaniline was selected as a reference compound. Also, EHOMO (the highest occupied molecular orbital energy), ELUMO(the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy), HOMO-LUMO energy gap (ΔE), molecular surface and FMOs analysis were studied.
High Sensitivity Sulphite Membrane Selective Electrode and its Application
Authors: Sukru Kalayci Sukru Kalayci
Published: February 2022

In this study, the new sulphite sensitive ion-selective electrode (ISE) was prepared. The ISE was prepared from a combination of 5% perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), 40% PVC and 55% dibutylphthalate (DBF).The sensitivity of the ISE to 1.0x10- 7-1.0x10-1 M sulphite concentration was 58 and#177; 4 mV. Electrode sensitivity was characterized. The response time of this electrode is short and 30 s. The lifetime of ISE was approximately 210 days when used five times a day. It was determined that it can work at any pH value. It is not sensitive to anions and cations that may be present in the determination medium. The detection limit of the electrode against the sulfide concentration was measured as 1.2x10-8 M. The amount of sulfites in dried apricots in Turkey, was measured with electrodes. Sulfite amount in dried apricot was determined as 2.328 and#177; 0.2417 mg / kg according to the average of 5 experiments and 95% confidence interval. The same sample was measured with DPP as 2.521 and#177; 0.2785.The validation of the obtained results in each case was proved by statistical “t” and “F” tests.
Zwitterion Chromatography-Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography for Separation and Quantitative of Rutin and Quercetin from Herbs and Bee Products
Authors: Raad Radi Karabat Raad Radi Karabat , Ashraf Saad Rasheed and Mohammed Jasim M Hassan Ashraf Saad Rasheed and Mohammed Jasim M Hassan
Published: February 2022

Quercetin and rutin have a number of useful pharmacological consequences and a possible medication of the future. The growth of cancer cells was observed in vitro and the production of tumors in experimental animals was decreased. In addition to preventing human cancer induction and progression. A set of four HILIC stationary phases, two home-made columns with different space chains between the ionic site groups, and two commercially stationary phases HALOand#174;HILIC 2.7 and ZICand#174;–pHILIC for chromatographic separation and quantitation of quercetin and rutin in herbs and bee products. The separation mechanisms are based on hydrophobic and hydrophilic for the quercetin and rutin, respectively. The validated method was successfully applied in bee products and herbs. The results showed that the HILIC methods were simple and reliable and could be used in bee products and herbs to detect the content of quercetin and rutin.
Design, Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of Chalcone Derivative CMZ-3-5
Authors: Cen Xiang Cen Xiang , Xiangshun Kong Xiangshun Kong , Feng Gao Feng Gao , Yufan Zhao Yufan Zhao , Jiang Liu Jiang Liu , Yuan Yuan and Yuou Teng Yuan Yuan and Yuou Teng
Published: February 2022

Excessive accumulation of free radicals can cause a variety of diseases. According to reports, chalcone has the activity of scavenging free radicals. In this study, we synthesized a chalcone derivative CZM-3-5 and evaluated its antioxidant activity using a chemical assessment method (2,2and#39;-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS•+) assay, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) assay and total reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay) and a cell model of oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The chemical evaluation results show that the compound CZM-3-5 has good antioxidant capacity and free radical scavenging ability. MTT analysis showed that the compound has cytoprotective activity in H2O2-induced PC12 cells, and the mechanism may be related to the cytoprotective substance superoxide dismutase (SOD) is related to the level of glutathione (GSH). Overall, our findings indicate that compound CZM-3-5 has potential antioxidant activity in vitro.
Application of Collagen Hydrolysate Extracted from Limed Hide Waste in the Crop Grow Seedlings
Authors: Li Zhao Li Zhao , Yanru Long and Haibin Gu Yanru Long and Haibin Gu
Published: February 2022

In this work, the collagen hydrolysates with different molecular weights were successfully extracted from the limed hide waste, and used at the nutrient solutions for crop breeding. Firstly, using the single factor and orthogonal exp eriments, hydrolytic process parameters of limed hide waste were optimized for the Alcalase-based enzymatic and Ca(OH)2-based alkali, and alkali-enzyme methods that led to the corresponding collagen hydrolysates with different molecular weights. The obtained collagen hydrolysates were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), amino acid analysis, the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES), and Kjeldahl method. Then, the collagen hydrolysates were used as organic nitrogen sources to prepare fertilizers for the grow seedlings of Triticum aestivum, Glycine max, and Brassica napus, and inorganic nitrogen solutions were used as controls. The effects of these nutrient solutions on the seedlings and growth of the three crops were investigated. Concretely, the germination rate, plant weight, seeding height, soluble sugar content, and chlorophyll content were tested. Results indicated that all the collagen hydrolysate products could be used to prepare water-soluble fertilizers that can intensively boost germination, plant weight, and seeding height, and greatly increase soluble sugar and chlorophyll content in leaves. Furthermore, the fertilizer efficiencies of all the tested degradation products are much better than that of the water-soluble fertilizer containing inorganic nitrogen. All the proteolytic nutrient solutions with different molecular weights can promote the growth of crops, but the smaller the molecular weight is, the better the growth effect of crops is, which is manifested in the higher germination rate, plant weight, seedling height, soluble sugar content and chlorophyll content of seeds.
Effect of Salt on the Stability of Vegetable Oil-in-Water Emulsions Stabilized by Soybean Protein and Microgel
Authors: Samuel Olalekan Olusanya Samuel Olalekan Olusanya , Gbenga Joseph Adebayo Gbenga Joseph Adebayo , Samuel Olutayo Afolabi and Adewumi Oluwasogo Dada Samuel Olutayo Afolabi and Adewumi Oluwasogo Dada
Published: February 2022

The preparation of vegetable oil-water emulsions stabilized by soybean protein and microgel is described. The soybean protein was obtained from n-hexane-defatted soybean powder using a Soxhlet extractor. Using equal volumes of oil and water, vegetable oil-water emulsions were formed either by handshaking the mixture or homogenizing the mixture using a Lab homogenizer. The emulsion was characterized using a drop test and microscopy observation. The drop test shows that the preferred emulsion is vegetable oil-in-water (o/w). The effect of salt and emulsifier concentration on the stability and emulsion drop size was investigated. Emulsions stabilized by soybean protein without addition of salt breakdown after 3 days of preparation because of decomposition of the protein. For emulsions stabilized by microgel in the absence of salt, phase separation occurred within 1 hour. At a fixed salt concentration, it was found that increasing the emulsifier concentration has a significant effect on the stability and drop size of the emulsions stabilized by both protein and microgel. For emulsions stabilized by soybean protein, the stability of emulsions increased with increasing salt concentration without any significant influence on the drop size. The results obtained from the surface tension measurement revealed that different mechanisms of stabilization exist in emulsions stabilized by the protein and microgel.