bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Arabian Sea as a regional source of atmospheric CO2: seasonal variability and drivers
Authors: de Verneil Alain , Lachkar Zouhair , Smith Shafer , Lévy Marina
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The Arabian Sea (AS) was confirmed to be a net emitter of CO2 to the atmosphere during the international Joint Global Ocean Flux Study program of the 1990s, but since then little in situ data has been collected, leaving data-based methods to calculate air-sea exchange with fewer data and potentially out-of-date. Additionally, coarse-resolution models underestimate CO2 flux compared to other approaches. To address these shortcomings, we employ a high-resolution (1/24°) regional model to quantify the seasonal cycle of air-sea CO2 exchange in the AS by focusing on two main contributing factors, pCO2 and winds. We compare the model to available in situ pCO2 data and find that uncertainties in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) lead to the greatest discrepancies. Nevertheless, the model is more successful than neural network approaches in replicating the large variability in summertime pCO2 because it captures the AS's intense monsoon dynamics. In the seasonal pCO2 cycle, temperature plays the major role in determining surface pCO2, except where DIC delivery is important in summer upwelling areas. Since seasonal temperature forcing is relatively uniform, pCO2 differences between the AS's sub-regions are mostly caused by geographic DIC gradients. We find that primary productivity during both summer and winter monsoon blooms, but also generally, is insufficient to off-set the physical delivery of DIC to the surface, resulting in limited biological control of CO2 release. The most intense air-sea CO2 exchange occurs during the summer monsoon where outgassing rates reach ~6 molCm−2 yr−1 in the upwelling regions of Oman and Somalia, but the entire AS contributes CO2 to the atmosphere. Despite a regional spring maximum of pCO2 driven by surface heating, CO2 exchange rates peak in summer due to winds, which account for ~90 % of the summer CO2 flux variability versus 6 % for pCO2 in a Reynolds decomposition. In comparison with other estimates, we find that the AS emits ~160 TgCyr−1, slightly higher than previously reported. Altogether, there is 2x variability in annual flux magnitude across methodologies considered. Future attempts to reduce the variability in estimates will likely require more in situ carbon data. Since summer monsoon winds are critical in determining flux both directly and indirectly through temperature, DIC, TA, mixing, and primary production effects on pCO2, studies looking to predict CO2 emissions in the AS with ongoing climate change will need to correctly resolve their timing, strength, and upwelling dynamics.
Comparison of source apportionment approaches and analysis of
non-linearity in a real case model application
Authors: Belis Claudio A. , Pirovano Guido , Villani Maria Gabriella , Calori Giuseppe , Pepe Nicola , Putaud Jean Philippe
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The response of particulate matter (PM) concentrations to emission reductions was analysed by assessing the results obtained with two different source apportionment approaches. The brute force (BF) method source impacts, computed at various emission reduction levels using two chemical transport models (CAMx and FARM), were compared with the contributions obtained with the tagged species (TS) approach (CAMx with PSAT module). The study focused on the main sources of secondary inorganic aerosol precursors in the Po Valley (Northern Italy): agriculture, road transport, industry and residential combustion. The interaction terms between different sources obtained from a factor decomposition analysis were used as indicators of non-linear PM10 concentration responses to individual source emission reductions. Moreover, such interaction terms were analysed in the light of the free ammonia/total nitrate gas ratio to determine the relationships between the chemical regime and the non-linearity at selected sites. The impacts of the different sources were not proportional to the emission reductions and such non-linearity was most relevant for 100 % emission reduction levels compared with smaller reduction levels (50 % and 20 %). Such differences between emission reduction levels were connected to the extent to which they modify the chemical regime in the base case. Non-linearity was mainly associated with agriculture and the interaction of this source with road transport and, to a lesser extent, with industry. Actually, the mass concentration of PM10 allocated to agriculture by TS and BF approaches were significantly different when a 100 % emission reduction was applied. However, in many situations the non-linearity in PM10 annual average source allocation was negligible and the TS and the BF approaches provided comparable results. PM mass concentrations attributed to the same sources by TS and BF were highly comparable in terms of spatial patterns and quantification of the source allocation for industry, transport and residential combustion. The conclusions obtained in this study for PM10 are also applicable to PM2.5.
ChAP 1.0: A stationary tropospheric sulphur cycle for Earth system
models of intermediate complexity
Authors: Eliseev Alexey V. , Gizatullin Rustam D. , Timazhev Alexandr V.
Published: February 2021

Abstract. A stationary, computationally efficient scheme ChAP-1.0 (Chemical and Aerosol Processes, version 1.0) for the sulphur cycle in the troposphere is developed. This scheme is designed for Earth system models of intermediate complexity (EMICs). The scheme accounts for sulphur dioxide emissions into the atmosphere, its deposition to the surface, oxidation to sulphates, and dry and wet deposition of sulphates on the surface. The calculations with the scheme are performed forced by anthropogenic emissions of sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere for 1850–2000 adopted from the CMIP5 dataset and by the ERA-Interim meteorology assuming that natural sources of sulphur into the atmosphere remain unchanged during this period. The ChAP output is compared to changes of the tropospheric sulphur cycle simulations: with the CMIP5 data, with the IPCC TAR ensemble, and with the ACCMIP phase II simulations. In addition, in regions of strong anthropogenic sulphur pollution, ChAP results are compared to other data, such as the CAMS reanalysis, EMEP MSC-W, and with individual model simulations. Our model reasonably reproduces characteristics of the tropospheric sulphur cycle known from these information sources. In our scheme, about half of the emitted sulphur dioxide is deposited to the surface and the rest in oxidised into sulphates. In turn, sulphates are mostly removed from the atmosphere by wet deposition. The lifetime of the sulphur dioxide and sulphates in the atmosphere is close to 1 day and 5 days, respectively. The limitation of the scheme are acknowledged and the prospects for future development are figured out. Despite its simplicity, ChAP may be successfully used to simulate anthropogenic sulphur pollution in the atmosphere at coarse spatial and time scales.
Exchange interaction in short lived flavin adenine dinucleotide
biradical in aqueous solution revisited by CIDNP and nuclear
magnetic relaxation dispersion
Authors: Zhukov Ivan V. , Kiryutin Alexey S. , Panov Mikhail S. , Fishman Natalya N. , Morozova Olga B. , Lukzen Nikita N. , Ivanov Konstantin L. , Vieth Hans-Martin , Sagdeev Renad Z. , Yurkovskaya Alexandra V.
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is an important cofactor in many light-sensitive enzymes. The role of the adenine moiety of FAD in light induced electron transfer was obscured because it involves an adenine radical, short-lived with a weak chromophore. However, an intramolecular electron transfer from adenine to flavin was revealed several years ago by R. Kaptein by using chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP). The question whether one or two types of biradicals of FAD in aqueous solution are formed stays unresolved so far. In the present work, we revisited the CIDNP study of FAD using a robust mechanical sample shuttling setup covering a wide magnetic field range with sample illumination by a light emitting diode. Also, a cost efficient fast field cycling apparatus with high spectral resolution detection up to 16.4 T for nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion studies was built based on a 700 MHz NMR spectrometer. Site-specific proton relaxation dispersion data for FAD show a strong restriction of the relative motion of its isoalloxazine and adenine rings with coincident correlation times for adenine, flavin and their ribityl-phosphate linker. This finding is consistent with the assumption that the molecular structure of FAD is rigid and compact. The structure with close proximity of the isoalloxazine and purine moieties is favorable for reversible light induced intramolecular electron transfer from adenine to triplet excited flavin with formation of a transient spin-correlated triplet biradical F•−-A•+. Spin selective recombination of the biradical leads to the formation of CIDNP with a common emissive maximum at 4.0 mT detected for adenine and flavin protons. Careful correction of the CIDNP data for relaxation losses during sample shuttling shows that only a single maximum of CIDNP is formed in the magnetic field range from 0.1 mT to 9 T; thus, only one type of FAD biradical is detectable. Modeling of the CIDNP field dependence provides good agreement with the experimental data for a normal distance distribution between the two radical centers around 0.89 nm and an effective electron exchange interaction of −2.0 mT.
The method for synthesis of the contact ratio of noncircular bevel gears
Authors: Shi Kan , Lin Shuai , Yao Yan'an
Published: February 2021

Abstract. As a type of spatial transmission mechanism, noncircular
bevel gears can be used to transfer the power and motion with a variable
transmission ratio between intersecting axes. In this paper, utilizing the
spherical triangle theorem and meshing principle, the parametric equations
of the contact ratio are established in the space polar coordinate system. Two
innovative methods are proposed to analyze the contact ratio by using the
rotation angle of the driving (driven) gears and the arc length of pitch
curve as pure rolling. In the case of modified gear and X-zero gear, whether
the noncircular bevel gear is continuously driven is deduced. The simulation
transmission ratio curve and theoretical transmission ratio curve are
compared to verify the rationality of the design.
Arctic sea ice anomalies during the MOSAiC winter 2019/20
Authors: Dethloff Klaus , Maslowski Wieslaw , Hendricks Stefan , Lee Younjoo , Goessling Helge F. , Krumpen Thomas , Haas Christian , Handorf Dörthe , Ricker Robert , Bessonov Vladimir , Cassano John J. , Kinney Jaclyn Clement , Osinski Robert , Rex Markus , Rinke Annette , Sokolova Julia , Sommerfeld Anja
Published: February 2021

Abstract. As the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) project went into effect during the winter of 2019/2020, the Arctic Oscillation (AO) has experienced some of the largest shifts from a highly negative index in November 2019 to an extremely positive index during January-February-March (JFM) 2020. Here we analyse the sea ice thickness (SIT) distribution based on CryoSat-2/SMOS satellite data augmented with results from the hindcast simulation by the fully coupled Regional Arctic System Model (RASM) for the time period from November 2019 through March 2020. A notable result of the positive AO phase during JFM 2020 were large SIT anomalies, up to 1.3 m, which emerged in the Barents-Sea (BS), along the northeastern Canadian coast and in parts of the central Arctic Ocean. These anomalies appear to be driven by nonlinear interactions between thermodynamic and dynamic processes. In particular, in the Barents- and Kara Seas (BKS) they are a result of an enhanced ice growth connected with the colder temperature anomalies and the consequence of intensified atmospheric-driven sea ice transport and deformations (i.e. divergence and shear) in this area. Low-pressure anomalies, which developed over the Eastern Arctic during JFM 2020, increased northerly winds from the cold Arctic Ocean to the BS and accelerated the southward drift of the MOSAiC ice floe. The satellite-derived and model-simulated sea ice velocity anomalies, which compared well during JFM 2020, indicate a strong acceleration of the Transpolar Drift relative to the mean for the past decade, with intensified speeds up to 6 km/day. As a consequence, sea ice transport and deformations driven by atmospheric wind forcing accounted for bulk of SIT anomalies, especially in January and February 2020. The unusual AO shift and the related sea ice anomalies during the MOSAiC winter 2019/20 are within the range of simulated states in the forecast ensemble. RASM intra-annual ensemble forecast simulations, forced with different atmospheric boundary conditions from November 1, 2019 through April 30, 2020, show a pronounced internally generated variability in the sea ice volume. A comparison of the respective SIT distribution and turbulent heat fluxes during the positive AO phase in JFM 2020 and the negative AO phase in JFM 2010 further corroborates the conclusion, that winter sea ice conditions of the Arctic Ocean can be significantly altered by AO variability.
Educação, formação profissional docente e os paradigmas da ciência
Authors: Pienta Ana Cristina Gipiela , Berticelli Danilene Donin , Gaspar Maria Dogmar da Rocha , Behrens Marilda Aparecida
Published: February 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é propor uma reflexão sobre os paradigmas da ciência e o desafio da educação. A educação vive diversas crises resultantes de tendências pedagógicas que historicamente permearam as práticas de ensino e aprendizagem. No texto, procuramos identificar as influências e manifestações dos paradigmas da ciência no pensamento e nas práticas pedagógicas. Relatamos a nítida presença do pensamento newtoniano  cartesiano influenciando as pedagogias conservadoras, conferindo ao trabalho pedagógico a função reprodutora do conhecimento, através de práticas fragmentadas e mecanicistas. Em seguida, propomos a superação desse modelo por meio da aliança entre paradigmas inovadores com características progressistas, fundamentadas no paradigma da produção do conhecimento. Mostramos que, aliando dimensões anteriormente dissociadas, como razão e emoção, é possível cumprir o compromisso com a formação do indivíduo sistêmico, a qual supera o modelo exclusivamente intelectual. Concluindo a reflexão, nos questionamos: o que está faltando para que o profissional da educação esteja apto a atuar sem sofrer as conseqüências dessas mudanças? O que precisa ser feito para que sociedade e escola andem lado a lado na busca de uma formação que prepare o aluno para a ciência e para a paz? Apontamos, portanto, a necessidade de reflexão acerca das práticas de formação de professores e a urgência de ações coerentes com as propostas pelos paradigmas inovadores.
Gênero, masculinidade e magistério: horizontes de pesquisa
Authors: Ferreira José Luiz , De Carvalho Maria Eulina Pessoa
Published: February 2021

O magistério da educação infantil e séries iniciais do ensino fundamental é um campo feminizado, sendo raros os estudos empíricos sobre a docência nele exercida por homens. Este texto objetiva refletir sobre essa questão a partir das categorias gênero e masculinidade, entendidas como construções sociais e históricas, pressupondo-se a possibilidade de reconstruções cotidianas das identidades de homens, mulheres e docentes. Considerar a docência masculina no espaço escolar majoritariamente feminino remete à discussão sobre novas identidades masculinas e femininas e sobre o próprio exercício da docência, na direção de uma sociedade não-sexista e da eqüidade de gênero.
O ensino da literatura e a interpretação textual: uma abordagem histórico-cultural
Authors: Mirandola Sônia M. Machado , Spazziani Maria de Lourdes
Published: February 2021

Por meio do estudo aqui enfocado pretende-se investigar a influência da leitura de obras literárias no ensino e aprendizado da Literatura numa escola da rede pública estadual da cidade de Ituverava, interior de São Paulo. A pesquisa desenvolvese com os 34 alunos de uma das segundas séries do Ensino Médio e com a professora de Língua Portuguesa e Literatura da respectiva classe, a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica embasada na perspectiva histórico-cultural, bem como de uma pesquisa empírica do tipo etnográfico, priorizando-se o caráter qualitativo. Realiza-se no contexto escolar, no dia-a-dia das aulas. Os dados são coletados por meio da observação das atividades do grupo analisado, pela aplicação de questionários para detectar a vivência literária dos alunos, por algumas conversas com finalidade feitas com alunos e professora, entrevista com a bibliotecária e análise documental do planejamento anual da professora e das produções dos alunos. As análises revelam que, no grupo estudado, há correlação positiva e mediada entre o hábito da leitura e a produção textual dos jovens, apesar de apresentarem dificuldades na interpretação. Por meio da leitura de obras literárias, o ensino da Literatura incentiva a leitura e a escrita, além de desenvolver o espírito crítico dos alunos. Uma obra literária pode gerar vários caminhos, desde que tenha havido a autopercepção do texto, a apreensão das idéias depreendidas pelo pensamento do narrador.
EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL E A ESCOLA FUNDAMENTAL DE 9 ANOS
Authors: Abramowicz Anete
Published: February 2021

Este artigo discute a implementação da Lei nº. 11.274, de 6 de fevereiro de 2006, que institui e normatizou o Ensino Fundamental obrigatório com duração de 9 anos, alterando a L.D.B.de nº. 9394/96, do ponto de vista das discussões e lutas travadas pelos fóruns de defesa da educação da criança de zero a seis anos. O artigo contempla três blocos de discussão O primeiro refere-se ao entendimento da formulação da lei, já que procura mostrar que a ampliação de um ano da escolaridade não fazia parte da agenda política e das reivindicações dos movimentos sociais; portanto entende-s como uma política econômica de educação. Uma segunda discussão refere-se ao entendimento da idéia da infância como experiência e, deste modo, discute-se o que a escola fundamental propõe como exercício da infância para as crianças. E uma terceira discussão versa sobre a relação entre raça, pobreza e fracasso escolar, mostrando a mecânica racista mo interior as escola fundamental e formulando a pergunta sobre o que essa escola propõe para a criança negra para além da antecipação do fracasso e da vivência da temática racial de maneira institucionalizada. A partir de um referencial baseado em Michel Foucault, Giorgio Agamben e Gilles Deleuze, discutem-se as propostas que estão colocadas para a educação da infância na perspectivada experiência.
A representação do imigrante pela imprensa brasileira: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Henriques Rosali , Gonçalves Isabella , Magnolo Talita
Published: February 2021

The main objective of this article is to conduct an investigation into the representation of immigrants in public media discourse in Brazil, with the intention of understanding the use of stereotyped terms, as well as their frameworks. The work performs a literature review on media discourse related to immigration and its effects, focusing on Brazilian news coverage. The method of analysis and research was configured from the survey of academic productions in scientific journals in the country, between the years 2010 and 2019. It seeks to understand how the frameworks and representations are capable of producing meanings, especially when dealing with immigration as a fundamental problem.
A peste aporta em Santos e Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Raimundo do Nascimento Dilene
Published: February 2021

Neste artigo, serão examinados alguns aspectos importantes do matizado processo de construção da narrativa científica sobre a peste bubônica em duas cidades portuárias brasileiras, nas quais o impacto de uma epidemia ocasionou e impulsionou tanto um forte debate em torno da doença quanto a busca de soluções científicas e sanitárias para as graves consequências locais de sua erupção. Essas duas cidades portuárias, a cidade de Santos, no estado de São Paulo, Brasil, e Rio de Janeiro, capital da República Federativa do Brasil, constituem-se não como loci passivos de uma epidemia mortal, mas como cenas privilegiadas de um intenso debate e de importantes experimentações em saúde pública, fundamentais para o controle do surto epidêmico, para construção de uma imagem da doença e para elaboração de um protocolo de conhecimento do mal.
The Effect of School Climate on Pre-Service Physical Education Teachers’ Burnout Syndrome: The Mediator and Regulatory Role of Class Level
Authors: Taşkın Cüneyt , Bahadır Tolga Kaan
Published: February 2021

The main purpose of this study is to examine the mediating and regulatory role of current classroom levels in the relationship between the school climate as perceived by prospective physical education and sports course teachers and their feelings of burnout. The participants in this study included 303 teaching students, 144 women, and 159 men. The school climate scale and the school burnout scale were used to collect data. Hypotheses were tested using correlation and regression-based path analysis. The results showed that there is a negative significant relationship between perceived school climate at 1st, 2nd and 4th grade levels and school burnout, and a positive significant relationship between perceived school climate at the 3rd grade level and school burnout. In the relationship between the perceived school climate and feelings of burnout, class level has a mediating and regulatory effect. In addition, it has been determined that higher class level strengthens the feeling of burnout, while a low level weakens this feeling. By comparing the obtained results with the findings in the literature, suggestions were made to sports education researchers.
Bending Characteristics of Laminated Wood Composites Made of Poplar Wood and GFRP
Authors: Yildrim Mehmet Nuri , Karaman Abdurrahman , Zor Mustafa
Published: February 2021

In this study, 4 layers of 5 mm thick slats obtained by sawing method from poplar wood were used. Plain woven GRFP with low density and grammage of 100 g/m2 (Type 1) and plain woven GRFP with high density and grammage of 200 g/m2 (Type 2) were placed and glued between each layer. Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc-D4), Polyurethane (PU) and dual-component Epoxy (L285-resin and H285-hardener) adhesives were used for gluing the layers. Strength values (bending and modulus of elasticity) between the obtained layers were investigated. As a result of the study, it was determined that epoxy glue has higher strength than polyurethane and polyvinyl acetate glues; Type 2 plain woven fabric has higher strength than Type 1 plain woven fabric; and parallel load to the glue line results in higher performance than perpendicular load to the glue line.
The Effect of Using Pumice Powder and Plasticizer on Physico-Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Cement-Bonded Particleboards
Authors: Aras Ugur , Kalaycioglu Hulya , Yel Husnu
Published: February 2021

U radu je opisano istraživanje utjecaja praha plovućca i plastifikatora na neka svojstva cementom vezanih iverica (CBPB). Stoga su CBPB proizvedeni upotrebom 0, 10, 20 i 30 % praha plovućca te 0, 0,4, 0,8 i 1,2 % plastifikatora. Na temelju rezultata ispitivanja utvrđeno je da je prah plovućca imao znatan pozitivni učinak na upijanje vode i debljinsko bubrenje ploča, dok se gustoća ploča nije mijenjala. Upotrebom 30 % praha plovućca debljinsko se bubrenje ploča smanjilo za 15 %. Modul elastičnosti i međuslojna čvrstoća proizvedenih ploča uz upotrebu praha plovućca povećali su se za 20 %, dok su se modul loma i toplinska izolacija smanjili. Upotreba 0,4 i 0,8 % plastifikatora pozitivno je utjecala na svojstva ploča. Primjena plastifikatora pozitivno je utjecala i na toplinska svojstva ploča. Pri povećanju količine plastifikatora na 1,2 %, vrijednosti toplinske vodljivosti smanjile su se za 18 %. Stoga je upotreba plastifikatora u proizvodnji CBPB-a jedna od opcija za poboljšanje toplinskih svojstava tih ploča.
The Relationship between Roughness of Finished Wood Floors and Slip Resistance
Authors: Miklečić Josip , Jirouš-Rajković Vlatka
Published: February 2021

The present study investigates the relationship between the roughness of beech wood and oak wood surfaces treated with oil and polyurethane coating and the slip resistance in dry, water-wet and oily conditions. Pendulum tests were conducted for slip resistance assessment, and roughness measurements were performed by stylus instrument using Ra, Rt, Rp, Rz and Rsm parameters for surface roughness evaluation. Slip potential in dry conditions was low for all finished wood floors studied. Contamination of the surface with water and oil reduced the slip resistance of finished oak and beech flooring. The strong negative correlation was found between slip resistance on dry finished flooring and roughness parameters Ra, Rz, Rt and Rp, and positive correlation between slip resistance on water-wet finished flooring and roughness parameters Ra, Rz, Rt and Rp. Moreover, the correlations between roughness parameters Ra, Rt, Rp and Rz and slip resistance were very similar, and the roughness parameters correlated more strongly with the slip resistance on dry and water-wet surfaces than with the slip resistance on oil-wet surface. Comparison of the slip potential classifications of finished wood floors based on pendulum data and based on Rz surface roughness parameters showed that in some cases the Rz parameter appeared to overestimate the slip potential of the floors in wet conditions. The results confirm previous research that roughness measurements should only be used as a guide and should not be used as the only indicator of the slip potential of wood flooring materials.
Fiscaal toezicht in tijden van crisis
Authors: van der Hel-van Dijk Lisette , Goslinga Sjoerd
Published: February 2021

Fiscaal toezicht in tijden van crisis

Deze bijdrage verkent de consequenties van de COVID-19-crisis voor het fiscale toezicht door de Belastingdienst. De crisis en de lockdownmaatregelen hebben korte- en langetermijngevolgen voor burgers en bedrijven en consequenties voor het werk van de Belastingdienst als uitvoerder en toezichthouder. De psychologische en economische impact van de crisis en de gewijzigde werkwijze van de Belastingdienst kunnen van invloed zijn op de mogelijkheden en motivatie om belastingverplichtingen na te komen. Dit zal verschillen in de opeenvolgende fasen van de crisis. Onze belangrijkste conclusie is dat de Belastingdienst in de verschillende fasen sterk rekening zal moeten houden met de veranderingen in de context van burgers en bedrijven en meer dan voor de crisis zal moeten handelen vanuit zijn maatschappelijke rol.
De grote toezichtsinterviewestafette
Authors: Beckers Joep , Merz Anna
Published: February 2021

De grote toezichtsinterviewestafette Deel 5: De Nederlandsche Bank

Voor deze aflevering van het estafette-interview spraken Joep Beckers en Anna Merz namens de redactie van Tijdschrift voor Toezicht met Else Bos, sinds 1 juli 2018 toezichtdirecteur en voorzitter toezicht bij De Nederlandsche Bank. Mede naar aanleiding van de suggesties van Monique Verdier, vicevoorzitter in de raad van bestuur en Katja Mur, lid van de raad van bestuur bij de Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens (AP), die we interviewden voor nummer 2020-3 van Tijdschrift voor Toezicht, spraken wij met Else Bos over de belangrijkste uitdagingen voor toezichthouders, de impact van de coronacrisis, duurzaamheid en digitalisering.
Samobójstwa polskich marynarzy jako jedna z przyczyn zgonów na statkach morskich – przegląd badań (1)
Authors: Kijowski Maciej
Published: February 2021

Praca marynarza na statku morskim stanowi podstawę licznych negatywnych uwarunkowań tak psychicznej, jak i fizycznej sfery jego życia. Zaburzenia środowiskowe, niemożliwość opuszczenia statku, rozłąka z rodziną czy przyjaciółmi czynią ludzi morza jedną z grup zawodowych legitymujących się zarówno najwyższym ryzykiem, jak i odsetkiem samobójstw. Autor zwraca szczególną uwagę na społeczne znaczenie samobójstw w kontekście ich przesłanek, liczebności i nieoczekiwanie wysokiego udziału procentowego wśród wszystkich zgonów marynarzy w miejscu pracy.
Przypomniano również terminu „kalentura”, niemal zapomniany, prawie nieznanywe współczesnej literaturze naukowej, a prawdopodobnie związany ze skłonnością marynarzy do samobójstw. Tekst bazuje na analizie popełnionych zamachów samobójczych i niejasnych rezultatów badań ich dotyczących.
Metody grawimetryczne i optyczne w pomiarach stężenia aerozoli
Authors: Oberbek Przemysław , Jakubiak Szymon
Published: February 2021

Zgodnie z danymi GUS o zatrudnionych w warunkach zagrożenia na koniec 2019 r., 2. pod względem częstości występowania czynnikiem szkodliwym były pyły, na które narażonych było 50,4 tys. osób (15,9%).
Ocena narażenia na pyły w środowisku pracy polega na wykonaniu grawimetrycznych pomiarów stężeń na stanowiskach pracy dla zidentyfikowanych rodzajów pyłów, określeniu wskaźników narażenia na pyły i porównaniu uzyskanych wartości wskaźników narażenia z wartościami najwyższych dopuszczalnych stężeń pyłów. Wadami metody grawimetrycznej jest m.in. brak informacji o zmianach stężenia w czasie, podatność na dodatkowe źródła emisji, długi czas potrzebny na uzyskanie wyniku.
Mierniki stężenia pyłów, przedstawiające dane pomiarowe w czasie rzeczywistym lub zbliżonym do rzeczywistego, znajdują coraz więcej zastosowań. Produkowane są już na dużą skalę niskokosztowe, niewielkie sensory, które można stosować do wytwarzania relatywnie dokładnych mierników środowiskowych, a także stacjonarnych i mobilnych sieci sensorowych. Tego typu urządzenia mogą stanowić istotne wsparcie dla grawimetrycznej oceny stężenia pyłów na stanowiskach pracy.
Ein Recht, das die Gesellschaft braucht
Authors: Kühling Jürgen , Bodendieck-Engels Hildegard
Published: February 2021

Jürgen Kühling, a judge of the Federal Constitutional Court from 1989 to 2001, contributed to the law in a dedicated and committed way as required by society. He scrutinized legal training, the civil service system and the relationship between the state and the church in Germany. This book is directed at all those who are seeking in-depth information on constitutionality and aim at understanding, what fundamental rights mean for everyday life. The author´s use of crystal clear language makes law ununsually accessible to the reader. Specifically, this book deals with internal Affairs of justice, justice policies and the ascertainment of fundamental rights in jurisdiction as well as with problems and challenges created by society´s needs for security.
Frauen, Stress und Digitalisierung 4.0
Authors: Steinberger Tanja , Wilde Anna
Published: February 2021

The 4th Industrial Revolution will redefine work as we know it. It offers new possibilities of employment especially women could profit from. Albeit their overall situation still remains characterized by the double burden of work and family. How could the health literacy regarding women carrying this double burden be enhanced in this Age of Digitalisation 4.0? On the basis of the latest prevention programs and studies a conceptual basis for a women-specific health prevention ensue, in particular related to stress management.
Datenbasierte Marktmacht in der europäischen Fusionskontrolle
Authors: Heim Julian
Published: February 2021

Data is the core of Internet-based business models. Ever since Facebook took over WhatsApp, European antitrust law has been faced with the question of how to deal with mergers, especially those involving the well-known Internet giants ("FANG").

Under what circumstances can market power be based as a prohibition criterion on the possession of and access to data? What competitive effects of data-based market power are to be feared in horizontal, vertical and conglomerate mergers? How can any commitments remedy this form of market power? The work takes into account technical developments such as artificial intelligence as well as data protection aspects.
Das neue Widerstandsstrafrecht
Authors: Bolender Yanik
Published: February 2021

Can resistance to state power continue to be punished less than general coercion? In 2017 the legislature passed the 52nd StÄG to improve the protection of law enforcement officers and rescue workers, which essentially changed Sections 113, 114, 115, 323c of the Criminal Code. From a criminal law perspective, this led to this and other controversial questions in the context of the interpretation of these amended standards. What they look like in detail and what effects they have is extensively examined in this work. In particular, the questions of how the preconditions for the offense are to be interpreted and how their relationship to one another and to other criminal norms is represented are particularly addressed.
Designing a Model for Effective Implementation of Promoting Natural Childbirth Program: A Mixed Study
Authors: Hashemi Zohreh-sadat , Zaboli Rouhollah , Khalesi Nader , Fakhr-Movahedi Ali
Published: February 2021

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) has considered the ideal rate for cesarean sections to be 10 - 15%. The Iran Ministry of Health introduced the promoting natural childbirth program (PNCP) in 2014 to lower cesarean sections. Objectives: This study presents a model for the implementation of the PNCP. Methods: A mixed study was conducted to determine and prioritize the factors affecting the implementation of PNCP and present a model. We conducted a qualitative study to determine the effective factors of the program by examining the views of 15 gynecologists, anesthesiologists, midwives, and managers in 2019 at Zabol Medical Sciences University. Semi-structured individual and group interviews were used and analyzed with MAXQDA16. In the quantitative phase, a questionnaire of themes was prepared and ranked by 10 experts based on the Likert scale. Then, we used the technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution with BT TOPSIS solver software to confirm and rank the themes and design a model. Results: The model included six main themes extracted from the qualitative phase. In the quantitative phase, they were approved and prioritized by experts in the following order: 1) Creating a Culture for Natural childbirth, 2) Strong and committed leadership, 3) Empowerment, 4) Education, 5) Comprehensive support, and 6) Optimization. Conclusions: The model can provide useful insight for policymakers and care providers to make more qualified decisions, determine the status quo, allocate resources, and enforce policies.
Migration, Mobility, and Spatial Segregation
Authors: Ball-Blakely Michael ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: February 2021

Many supporters of open borders argue that restrictions on immigration are unjust in part because they undermine equal opportunity. Borders prevent the globally least-advantaged from pursuing desirable opportunities abroad, cementing arbitrary facts about birth and citizenship. In this paper I advance an argument from equal opportunity to global freedom of movement. In addition to preventing people from pursuing desirable opportunities, borders also create a prone, segregated population that can be dominated and exploited. Restrictions on mobility do not just trap people in bad opportunity sets—they help create bad opportunities by isolating the negative externalities of production and foreign policy. Freedom of movement can play a vital role in spreading risks and burdens, incentivizing their mitigation. Using an analysis of feudalism, segregation, and the transnational economy, I illustrate the centrality of space and mobility, showing why freedom of movement is a necessary tool for preventing political and economic oppression.
Conversion Attribution:What Is Missed by the Advertising Industry?he OPEC Model and Its Consequencesfor Media Mix Modeling
Authors:   Faculty of Management, University of Warsaw, Zaremba Arkadiusz
Published: February 2021

Marketers are currently focused on proper budget allocation to maximize ROI from online advertising. They use conversion attribution models assessing the impact of specifi c media channels (display, search engine ads, social media, etc.). Marketers use the data gathered from paid, owned, and earned media and do not take into consideration customer activities in category media, which are covered by the OPEC (owned, paid, earned, category) media model that the author of this paper proposes. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the scientifi c literature related to the topic of conversion attribution for the period of 2010–2019 and to present the theoretical implications of not including the data from category media in marketers’ analyses of conversion attribution. The results of the review and the analysis provide information about the development of the subject, the popularity of particular conversion attribution models, the ideas of how to overcome obstacles that result from data being absent from analyses. Also, a direction for further research on online customer behavior is presented.
¿Cuándo empezó a conocerse la obra de Fernando de Rojas como Celestina?
Authors: Kirby Steven D.
Published: February 2021

No disponible.
El sueño de Calisto y la tradición celestinesca
Authors: Castells Ricardo
Published: February 2021

No disponible.
Evocaciones en torno a los nombres de Sosia y Tristán
Authors: Cantalapiedra Fernando
Published: February 2021

No disponible.
Celestina de Fernando de Rojas: documento bibliográfico (décimo suplemento)
Authors: Snow Joseph T.
Published: February 2021

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Los refranes y la problemática autoria de la Comedia de Calisto y Melibea
Authors: Castells Ricardo
Published: February 2021

No disponible.
The Heredia-Zabalburu Copy of the Tragicomedia de Calisto y Melibea, "Sevilla, 1502" [i.e., Rome: Marcellus Silber, Ca. 1516]
Authors: Faulhaber Charles B.
Published: February 2021

No disponible.
Una vez mas «el falso boezuelo»
Authors: Joset Jacques
Published: February 2021

No disponible.
Documentos referentes a Fernando de Rojas
Authors: Valverde Azula Inés
Published: February 2021

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Celestina As a Funny Book: A Bakhtinian Reading
Authors: Fothergill-Payne Louise
Published: February 2021

No disponible.
Tres autores en «La Celestina»: Aplicación de la informática a los estudios literarios, Granada: Colección Romania, 1993
Authors: Irizarry Estelle
Published: February 2021

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Diversas conexiones entre Celestina y Elicia
Authors: Giménez Micó José Antonio
Published: February 2021

No disponible.
¿Quién es la Lozana?
Authors: De Vries Henk
Published: February 2021

No disponible.
The Problematic Beginning of Celestina
Authors: McGrady Donald
Published: February 2021

No disponible.
Fernando de Rojas' Pessimism: The Four Stages of Life for Women at the Margin
Authors: Hathaway Robert L.
Published: February 2021

No disponible.
El Diálogo intitulado El Capón tras la huella de Celestina: una vez más, una cuestión de género"
Authors: Vian Herrero Ana
Published: February 2021

No disponible.
Picasso's Celestina Knitting
Authors: Salus Carol
Published: February 2021

No disponible.
Apostillas a «Consideraciones sobre Celestina de Palacio»
Authors: Garcia Michel
Published: February 2021

No disponible.
Keith Whinnom, Medieval and Renaissance Spanish Literature. Selected essays
Authors: Conde López Juan Carlos
Published: February 2021

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From Lyricism to Drama: The Evolution of Fernando de Rojas' Egocentric Subtext
Authors: Cocozella Peter
Published: February 2021

No disponible.
Los penitenciales: posible fuente de las primitivas comedias en vulgar
Authors: Canet Vallés José Luis
Published: February 2021

No disponible.
Allusions to the Celestina in Works Written or Published in France up to 1644
Authors: Drysdall Denis
Published: February 2021

No disponible.
Celestina: A Life
Authors: Severin Dorothy S.
Published: February 2021

No disponible.
Birds of a Feather: Predator and Prey in Celestina
Authors: Vivanco Laura
Published: February 2021

No disponible.
El facsimil salmantino de 1999
Authors: Deyermond Alan D.
Published: February 2021

No disponible.
Sobre el uso del «etcétera» en La Celestina
Authors: Botta Patrizia
Published: February 2021

En la obra de Fernando de Rojas son muchas las citas de sentencias ajenas, tanto de tipo culto como popular. En algunos casos se da tan por sentado su conocimiento por parte del público que el autor, con suma elegancia y reticencia, corta la sentencia por la mitad y enuncia sólo su primer segmento, resumiendo con un «etcétera» la parte restante. Esta técnica de lo no dicho, de lo aludido con un «etcétera», por demás de añeja tradición, es un verdadero guiño al lector, ya que hace hincapié en su patrimonio mnemónico y le convida a completar la cita en su recuerdo y a desempeñar un rol activo en la lectura. Por otro lado, se trata de una técnica muy frecuente en La Celestina, y se halla en todas sus partes supuestas como «separadas» (Auto I, Comedia, Tragicomedia conocidas respectivamente como partes A, B, C). Representa, pues, una constante estilística a lo largo de toda la obra, un verdadero estilema del autor, y asume el carácter de elemento unificador que hasta la fecha no se ha tenido en cuenta ni en las discusiones sobre la autoría ni en los estudios estilísticos del texto.
Las estrategias de Rojas: de cómo una «puta vieja» se convierte en sujeto histórico y literario
Authors: Calvo Peña Beatriz
Published: February 2021

En el presente ensayo se reflexiona sobre la voz de Fernando de Rojas a través del personaje de Celestina. La tesis es que Rojas utilizó la tradición misógina medieval, de tipo didáctico, como una excusa para su objetivo único de lanzar una dura crítica contra la sociedad de cristianos viejos. Para ello, utiliza técnicas propias de los conversos, como la ironía, y sus propias estrategias: las palabras preñadas (lo que Bajtín llamó «palabras bivocales», consistentes en la fusión de dos conciencias en una voz.) El ensayo considera honra y remedio como las palabras preñadas principales. A partir de ellas se puede desentrañar el objetivo subversivo del autor. Al analizar esta estrategia, se verá que la voz de Celestina se ha de identificar con la de su autor y que ésta se convierte en protagonista absoluto de la obra y en el sujeto histórico ideal para la efectiva y disimulada sátira social diseñada por Rojas.
La Celestina de Lepage: vista vs oído
Authors: De Miguel Martínez Emilio
Published: February 2021

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Joseph T. Snow, «Fernando de Rojas». Entrada biográfica en Castilian Writers, 1400-1500
Authors: Fernández Enrique
Published: February 2021

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P y NO-P. El lenguaje retórico de La Celestina
Authors: Di Patre Patrizia
Published: February 2021

Es objeto del presente estudio el problema «abierto» representado por la utilización anómala del patrimonio retórico tradicional en La Celestina. Una vez reconocidas las condiciones del fenómeno aberrante («flores de sabiduría», thesaurus de loci morales en función de términos contrarios a los objetivos primordiales), se identifica su causal con la ambivalencia contradictoria, o doble capacidad inferencial, de los razonamientos expuestos en la obra. La consecuente falacia (generada por la ruptura de la famosa tautología aristotélica, expresable simbólicamente como P v -P) se revela, gracias a una imponente presencia textual, como el verdadero blanco de la ironía celestinesca. El artículo concluye asignando a la exhibición retórica del escrito, con su aplicabilidad universal, las funciones de una gigantesca demostración per absurdum de la inanidad inherente a ella.
«La Celestina» 1499-1999: Selected papers from the International Congress in Commemoration of the Quincentennial Anniversary of «La Celestina». Ed de Ottavio Di Camillo y John O'Neill. New York, Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, 2005
Authors: Paolini Devid
Published: February 2021

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Símbolos y arquetipos en la trinidad protagonista de La Celestina
Authors: Chaviano Daína
Published: February 2021

En el trabajo se examinan las asociaciones arquetípicas que subyacen en los nombres Calisto, Melibea y Celestina, los tres personajes principales de la obra de Rojas. Es probable que los arquetipos ocultos en sus nombres sean mecanismos no-conscientes que servirían para explicar sus retratos psicológicos. También se analiza la presencia de símbolos y arquetipos asociados a ellos, así como diversas conexiones mítico-alegóricas, para mostrar cómo esos nombres determinan sus personalidades y anuncian el trágico final de la obra.
Some Early Celestina Drawings by Picasso
Authors: Salus Carol
Published: February 2021

En este artículo se presentan algunos dibujos de Celestina de Pablo Picasso pertenecientes a su primera época artística. Francisco Rico dio información sobre los primeros años de escolarización de Picasso en La Coruña y también examinó los libros de texto que el artista conservó de aquellos años. No se encuentra citada LaCelestina en ninguno de aquellos textos y Rico aclara que a fines del siglo XIX en España la prohibición de ciertos libros los hacen más atractivos al lector. Sin embargo, puntualizó que hasta las personas con menos educación eran conscientes de la importancia de La Tragicomedia y su protagonista debido a su alcance en la cultura popular. Es cierto que resultaba familiar al artista el personaje de la alcahueta. A la edad de dieciocho años, mientras estudiaba en el Prado, Picasso pintó la Celestina, una copia de uno de Los Caprichos de Goya. En otro dibujo de aquella época, The Divan, Picasso la colocó en un burdel contemporáneo. A los 3 años, en el retrato famoso de la Época Azul, la retrató ciega. Picasso incluyó su propia ficción en estas obras posteriores; se desvió de la tradición literaria en cuanto al escenario, el aspecto y los accesorios de la alcahueta. Una nueva interpretación es The Harem, en el cual se supone que la alcahueta arquetípica aparece, pero no se representa como Celestina sino como encargada de un baño público.
El error retórico de la alcahueta. Performatividad y nueva retórica en la Celestina
Authors: Lloret Albert
Published: February 2021

Este trabajo examina las artes retóricas de Celestina en dos episodios de la obra: la persuasión de Pármeno, en palabras de María Rosa Lida, la piedra de toque de las artes celestinescas; y los momentos previos a su muerte, es decir, cuando se produce  el  fracaso  de  sus  capacidades  de  dominio  sobre  las  voluntades  ajenas. Desde una perspectiva retórica que parte de los modelos clásicos pero los adapta a maniobras argumentativas no codificadas por los tratadistas de la antigüedad, es decir, a la luz del tratado de argumentación de Chaim Perelman, se ponen de relieve puntos clave de las estratagemas celestinescas y el principal error retórico que la conduce a la muerte.
Enrique Fernández, ed. Pornosboscodidascalus Latinus (1624). Kaspar Barth's Neo-Latin Translation of «Celestina». Chapel Hill. University of North Carolina Press, 2006
Authors: Doñas Antonio
Published: February 2021

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Nota preliminar
Authors: Crespeau Jean Baptiste , Puerto Laura
Published: February 2021

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Le pouvoir et la violence dans La Célestine
Authors: Dumanoir Virginie
Published: February 2021

El poder y la violencia son dos temas cuya pertinencia es evidente para el lector que se interesa por las piezas liminares tanto como para el público del texto de La Celestina. Asociar los dos términos nos lleva a interrogar la relación entre la escritura y la autoridad. Expresa la dialéctica entre un texto muy particular y sus lectores, y propone un eje de interpretación del sistema de los personajes encerrados en una red de conflictos. Una definición jurídica del poder, aplicada a la figura del autor y de sus públicos, permite enfocar la complejidad de un didactismo original. Al aplicarla a los personajes, subrayamos el movimiento de progresiva concentración del poder de distintos personajes en manos de Celestina, mediante procuraciones más o menos impuestas, lo que no puede sino acarrear una resolución violenta.