bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Short-Term Refractive Surgery Outcomes after Wavefront-Guided versus Non-Wavefront-Guided LASIK
Authors: Moussa Sarah , Dexl Alois , Krall Eva Maria , Dietrich Marie , Arlt Eva-Maria , Grabner Günther , Ruckhofer Josef
Published: October 2016

Purpose

To evaluate and compare visual and refractive outcomes after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery for the correction of myopia or myopic astigmatism using 3 different treatment protocols.

Methods

We included 736 eyes of 369 patients (age 18-62 years) divided into 3 groups: 235 eyes of 118 patients (MEL80 group) undergoing LASIK using optimized aspheric ablation profiles (MEL80 excimer laser; Carl Zeiss Meditec), 248 eyes of 124 patients (Wavescan group) undergoing wavefront-guided (WFG) LASIK (STAR S4IR excimer laser + Wavescan aberrometer; Abbott Medical Optics), and 253 eyes of 127 patients (iDesign group) undergoing WFG LASIK (STAR S4IR excimer laser + iDesign system; Abbott Medical Optics). Visual and refractive outcomes were evaluated 2 months after surgery.

Results

A total of 91% (215/235), 95% (237/248), and 99% (251/253) of eyes achieved a postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity of 0.0 logMAR (≈20/20) in the MEL80, Wavescan, and iDesign groups, respectively. Postoperative spherical equivalent (SE) was within ±0.5 D in 95% (223/235), 98% (242/248), and 100% (253/253) of eyes in these same 3 groups, respectively. Likewise, manifest cylinder was below 0.50 D in 95% (223/235), 97% (241/248), and 100% (253/253) of eyes. Significant differences in postoperative SE and cylinder were found between the MEL80 and iDesign groups (p<0.05).

Conclusions

All evaluated LASIK treatment protocols are predictable and effective for the correction of myopia. The treatment planned with a high resolution aberrometer obtained the best postoperative refractive outcomes.
Bilateral Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis in a Patient with Tacrolimus-Associated Posttransplant Thrombotic Microangiopathy
Authors: Kolomeyer Anton M. , Nischal Ken K. , Mitchell Ellen
Published: October 2016

Purpose

To report a case of bilateral cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) in a patient with tacrolimus-associated posttransplant thrombotic microangiopathy.

Methods

Case report.

Results

An 8-year-old boy with a medical history of orthotopic heart transplant, posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease, and recurrent infections was hospitalized for nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. His ocular history included accommodative esotropia, hyperopia with astigmatism, Molluscum contagiosum lid lesions, and idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Shortly after presentation, he developed increased intraocular pressure, an afferent pupillary defect, a layered hyphema, and tense proptosis of the left globe requiring an emergent canthotomy and cantholysis. Over the next month, the patient's hospital course included subdural and subarachnoid hemorrhage, temporal lobe stroke, serotonin syndrome, bilateral CST, and systemic microangiopathy. After an extensive workup, a diagnosis of tacrolimus-associated thrombotic microangiopathy was made. At this point, vision was 20/20 in the right eye and light perception in the left eye. Eight months after the canthotomy and cantholysis, the patient's vision in the left eye deteriorated to no light perception and remained so after 13 months of follow-up.

Conclusions

An idiosyncratic drug reaction should be considered in the differential diagnosis of CST, especially in a patient on calcineurin inhibitors after solid organ transplant without sinus disease or orbital cellulitis.
Impact of Individual Anatomy on the Benefit of cup Medialisation in Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Terrier Alexandre , Parvex Valérie , Rüdiger Hannes A.
Published: October 2016

Introduction

In total hip arthroplasty, cup medialisation with compensatory increase of femoral offset has been proposed to increase the moment arms of abductor muscles. However, this technique is associated with a loss of acetabular bone stock. Previous data indicates that the potential benefit is not constant among patients and is likely related to patient anatomy.

Method

Therefore, to be able to select patients who would benefit most from this technique, we measured several anatomical parameters of the pelvis and femur in 15 patients; and evaluated correlations between them and the changes of moment arms associated with cup medialisation. The anatomical measurements were performed on 3-D reconstructions of preoperative CT scans. The moment arms of the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus were calculated for an abduction and flexion movement using patient-specific finite element models.

Results

6 anatomical parameters were correlated with muscle moment arm variations after cup medialisation. This effect was not systematic for either muscles or movements. Among all parameters, femoral anteversion was the most important parameter in explaining the effect of cup medialisation.

Discussion

Patients with small femoral anteversion or low-riding greater trochanter benefit more from cup medialisation in terms of moment arm increase in abduction motion.
A Novel Fluoroscopic Approach to Assessing Patient Positioning in Total Hip Arthroplasty: Accuracy and the Influence of Body Mass Index
Authors: Lambers Anton P. , Jennings Robert , Bucknill Andrew T.
Published: October 2016

Introduction

Accurate prosthetic cup placement is important in total hip arthroplasty (THA) and can be influenced by patient positioning. This study aims to assess the accuracy of patient positioning prior to THA, describe a new technique of assessment, and evaluate the influence of body mass index (BMI) on positioning error.

Methods

A consecutive series of 37 patients undergoing unilateral THA were investigated. After patient positioning in lateral decubitus, a lateral fluoroscopic image through the table was taken. The C-arm of the image intensifier was manipulated in 2 planes (coronal, transverse) until a perfect lateral view of the pelvis was obtained, defined as when the native acetabulae were superimposed. Degrees of positioning error in the 2 planes were recorded, along with patient BMI.

Results

There were 6 patients (16%) positioned within 2° of true lateral in both planes. A further 21 patients (57%) had an error of 5° or more in at least 1 plane. Mean absolute positioning error was 3.0° (SD 2.2°; range 0°-9°) and 3.0° (SD 3.2°; range 0°-13°) in the transverse and coronal planes respectively. Pelvic adduction in the coronal plane was 4.5 fold more likely than abduction (49% vs. 11%). Correlation was shown between patient BMI and the combined error in the 2 planes (R = 0.48, p = 0.001).

Discussion

Fluoroscopic positioning assessment prior to THA demonstrates that significant malpositioning is common and more likely with increasing BMI. This technique may be particularly useful for patients with a BMI of >30 kg m-2.
Single-Stage Revision for Periprosthetic Hip Infection Using Antibiotic Loaded Impaction Graft
Authors: Ebied Ayman M. , Elseedy Adel I. , Gamal Osama
Published: October 2016

Background

Staged revision for periprosthetic infection of the hip is an accepted and widely used technique by many surgeons. However, single-stage exchange of the hip prosthesis remains an attractive option to others because of the advantages of reduced morbidity, shorter treatment time and hospital stay in addition to the reduced cost of treatment.

Hypothesis

Single-stage revision for periprosthetic hip infection can achieve excellent results if a specific protocol for patients’ selection and management is followed.

Methods

52 patients with evidence of periprosthetic infection had preoperative aspiration of the affected hip. The infecting organisms were identified in 33/52 and single-stage revision was performed. The remaining 19 patients had a 2-stage exchange arthroplasty. Patients in the single-stage revision protocol had antibiotic loaded morsellized bone graft, a cemented cup and a long cementless stem.

Results

At an average follow up of 6 (range 4-8) years postoperatively, only 1 case of persistent infection was found in the single-stage group – a 97% rate of eradicating infection was achieved.

Discussion

Single-stage exchange achieves excellent success rate in patients with periprosthetic infection when a specific protocol for patient selection and management is followed.
Early Catastrophic Failure of a PINNACLE MARATHON® Polyethylene Acetabular Liner: A Report of a Malpositioned PINNACLE DUOFIX HA® Acetabular Shell Resulting in Point Loading and Accelerated Wear
Authors: Hill Daniel S. , Patel Kuntal , Herlekar Deepak
Published: October 2016

Background

Highly cross-linked polyethylene in total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been shown to decrease wear rate compared with a conventional polyethylene liner. However, it has also been reported that the manufacturing processes can cause early failure of the implant.

Case

We describe early catastrophic failure at <4 years following primary THA surgery of a PINNACLE MARATHON® polyethylene acetabular liner resulting from a malaligned PINNACLE DUOFIX HA® acetabular shell with resultant point loading. Radiographs revealed a malaligned acetabular shell and superior subluxation of the femoral head out of the liner. At revision surgery operative findings revealed that the acetabular shell alignment was in of 50° of anteversion and 70° of inclination. Significant metallosis in the surrounding tissues was observed.

Conclusions

We conclude that a malpositioned acetabular shell resulting in point loading and abnormal contact stresses was the mechanism of failure. Our case highlights the importance of achieving correct acetabular component alignment in total hip arthroplasty.
Mammalian Fibroblast Cells Show Strong Preference for Laser-Generated Hybrid Amorphous Silicon-SiO2 Textures
Authors: Colpitts Candace , Ektesabi Amin M. , Wyatt Rachael A. , Crawford Bryan D. , Kiani Amirkianoosh
Published: October 2016

Background

In this study, we investigated a method to produce bioactive hybrid amorphous silicon and silicon oxide patterns using nanosecond laser pulses.

Methods

Microscale line patterns were made by laser pulses on silicon wafers at different frequencies (25, 70 and 100 kHz), resulting in ablation patterns with frequency-dependent physical and chemical properties.

Results

Incubating the laser-treated silicon substrates with simulated body fluid demonstrated that the physicochemical properties of the laser-treated samples were stable under these conditions, and favored the deposition of bone-like apatite. More importantly, while NIH 3T3 fibroblasts did colonize the untreated regions of the silicon wafers, they showed a strong preference for the laser-treated regions, and further discriminated between substrates treated with different frequencies.

Conclusions

Taken together, these data suggest that laser materials processing of silicon-based devices is a promising avenue to pursue in the production of biosensors and other bionic devices.
Genetic Variants in the 3′ Untranslated Region of sFRP1 Gene and Risk of Gastric Cancer in a Chinese Population
Authors: Wu Juan , Zhang Junfeng , Cao Qinhong , Wang Junqin , Zhan Zhen , Li Zhong
Published: October 2016

Background

Secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (sFRP1), a negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway, is frequently inactivated in human gastric cancer. Genetic variants in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of the gene may influence the strength of miRNA binding and the regulation of mRNA transcription, affecting the individual's cancer risk. This study aims to investigate the impact of variants in the 3′ UTR of sFRP1 on the gastric cancer susceptibility in a Chinese population.

Patients and methods

The association between 2 sFRP1 gene variation loci (rs1127379 and rs10088390) with minor allele frequency more than 0.1 in the 3′ UTR and gastric cancer risk was assessed in a case-control study including 419 gastric cancer cases and 571 healthy controls. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was used for genotyping; the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were calculated to estimate the relative risk.

Results

Compared with the AA genotype, the GG genotype of rs1127379 was significantly associated with a reduced risk of gastric cancer overall. In the subgroup analysis, the protective effect of the GG genotype was also found for noncardia cancer and intestinal gastric cancer. Furthermore, haplotype analysis showed that the Ars1127379 Grs10088390 haplotype conferred a risk effect for gastric cancer.

Conclusions

Genetic variants at the sFRP1 gene may be involved in gastric tumorigenesis, especially in noncardia and intestinal gastric cancer. Further prospective studies with different ethnicities and large sample sizes are needed to confirm our findings.
Conditional Cancer Survival of the Corpus Uterine in the USA
Authors: Merrill Ray M. , Frutos Aaron M.
Published: October 2016

Purpose

To identify relative survival probabilities for corpus uterine cancer patients accounting for time already survived, as well as age, race, ethnicity, marital status, tumor stage, and tumor grade at diagnosis.

Methods

Analyses are based on 78,147 women diagnosed with corpus uterine cancer during 2000-2008 and followed through 2013, using data from the National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program.

Results

Age, race, marital status, tumor stage, and tumor grade, but not ethnicity, significantly impacted relative cancer survival rates of the corpus uterine. Improvement in 5-year relative survival, when conditioned on 1-5 years already survived, occurs in each stage category, more so in later staged cases. The effect of age, race, marital status, and tumor grade on 5-year relative survival, after conditioning on years ( 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 ) already survived, varied by stage at diagnosis. For example, poorer prognosis with older age was only observed for regional and distant staged cases, but being married had a greater beneficial impact in regional and distant staged cases. The difference in 5-year relative survival rates diminished for age, race, marital status, tumor stage and grade when conditioned on years ( 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 ) already survived. The greatest improvement in 5-year conditional relative survival was in patients 70 years or older, Blacks, singles, later staged tumors, and higher grade tumors.

Conclusions

Reporting cancer survival estimates according to time already survived and demographic subgroups provide health-care providers and patients with more instructive prognostic information.
Controversies: molecular vs. clinical systemic sclerosis classification
Authors: Johnson Sindhu R. , Hinchcliff Monique , Asano Yoshihide
Published: October 2016

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystem chronic disease characterized by the three cardinal pathological features, including autoimmunity/inflammation, vasculopathy, and fibrosis, with unknown etiology. Individual patients manifest these three components to variable degrees, resulting in the diverse heterogeneity of clinical presentation. The classification of SSc patients into relatively homogenous subtypes is helpful in the setting of daily clinical practice and the field of clinical and basic research. The classification of SSc has been continuously discussed over four decades based on the clinical and laboratory features, especially the extent of skin sclerosis and disease-related autoantibodies. This clinical classification system enables clinicians to provide general advice regarding prognosis and risk for internal organ disease, but only permits estimates of outcomes informed by population-based studies. On the other hand, the recent decade has seen much progress in the understanding of molecular aspects of SSc complex pathology, raising a discussion on molecular classification of SSc. The development of molecular targeting therapies, especially biologics, further strengthens the importance of molecular classification which aids the identification of potential responders for each treatment. Although a careful validation study is required for molecular classification of SSc due to its large heterogeneity, the advance of molecular classification would introduce a further modification into SSc classification system in the near future. Importantly, clinical and molecular classifications are not mutually exclusive, therefore the combination would facilitate the development of a better classification system of this complex heterogeneous disorder that is useful in both the clinical setting and research studies.
Arteriovenous access ischemic steal (AVAIS) in haemodialysis: a consensus from the Charing Cross Vascular Access Masterclass 2016
Authors: Inston Nicholas , Schanzer Harry , Widmer Matthias , Deane Colin , Wilkins Jason , Davidson Ingemar , Gibbs Paul , Zanow Jeurgen , Bourquelot Pierre , Valenti Domenico
Published: October 2016

Arteriovenous access ischaemic steal (AVAIS) is a serious and not infrequent complication of vascular access. Pathophysiology is key to diagnosis, investigation and management. Ischaemia distal to an AV access is due to multiple factors. Clinical steal is not simply blood diversion but pressure changes within the adapted vasculature with distal hypoperfusion and resultant poor perfusion pressures in the distal extremity. Reversal of flow within the artery distal to the AV access may be seen but this is not associated with ischaemia in most cases.

Terminology is varied and it is suggested that arteriovenous access ischemic steal (AVAIS) is the preferred term. In all cases AVAIS should be carefully classified on clinical symptoms as these determine management options and allow standardisation for studies.

Diabetes and peripheral arterial occlusive disease are risk factors but a ‘high risk patient’ profile is not clear and definitive vascular access should not be automatically avoided in these patient groups.

Multiple treatment modalities have been described and their use should be directed by appropriate assessment, investigation and treatment of the underlying pathophysiology. Comparison of treatment options is difficult as published studies are heavily biased. Whilst no single technique is suitable for all cases of AVAIS there are some that suit particular scenarios and mild AVAIS may benefit from observation whilst more severe steal mandates surgical intervention.
Logros y retos en la participación política de las mujeres en los gobiernos locales de El Salvador
Authors: Veneziani Marcella
Published: October 2016

Este documento parte de una hipótesis que plantea que, a pesar de algunos avances políticos y legales por promover la participación política femenina en El Salvador, existen aún ciertos patrones económico, sociales y culturales que ejercen una fuerza de relegación de las mujeres de la esfera política local. En este contexto, dos son los objetivos que han dirigido la investigación que se presenta. El primero de ellos, sistematizar y ordenar la información existente acerca de las mujeres que actualmente ejercen el poder local en los diferentes municipios. El segundo, identificar cuáles son las principales barreras que impiden el acceso de las mujeres en la esfera política, y por otro lado identificar los factores que favorecen el ejercicio de poder femenino a nivel local.Revista Ciencia, Cultura y Sociedad Vol.2 No.1 enero-junio 2015; 9-15
La planificación en el campo educativo, algunas de sus condiciones de producción
Authors: Alonso Brá Mariana
Published: October 2016

Este trabajo tiene como propósito presentar las condiciones históricas de la planificación educativa, aludiendo a su historia, sus supuestos, sus lógicas y algunas de sus transformaciones para favorecer su mejor comprensión.Este interés por explicitar algunas de sus principales condiciones de producción está relacionado con su resurgimiento y protagonismo creciente en la política educativa (y no sólo), asociados al fortalecimiento de la educación pública, como contra-cara de la política educativa reformista de los años 90.Asimismo, cabría señalar que estas condiciones de producción se consideran a partir de cuestiones tales como: su relación con la política y administración públicas, su condición técnica versus su condición política, su naturaleza específica en relación con lo educativo, y sus continuas rupturas en el tiempo; considerando algunas de sus características fundacionales –burocráticas- en relación con las transformaciones de la reforma educativa -post-burocráticas-, y la situación de los últimos años (post-reformista).Este conjunto de temas son tratados con el propósito de concebir la planificación en el campo educativo desde nuevos planos que exceden lo meramente técnico y prescriptivo, permitiendo su comprensión más amplia, incluso en su diversidad actual, y favoreciendo no solo su estudio, sino una intervención técnica en la materia mejor fundada.Finalmente, vale aclarar que el artículo refiere a la situación de Argentina. Aunque por un lado, esta se presenta a partir de referencias internacionales más amplias; por otro, esta situación nacional resulta claramente equivalente con un marco latinoamericano vasto, especialmente aquel que se considera en la región recientemente como “gobiernos progresistas”.Revista Ciencia, Cultura y Sociedad Vol.2 No.1 enero-junio 2015; 16-26
Desafíos pastorales para entender y confrontar la realidad
Authors: Vega Mario
Published: October 2016

Paper presented at the Latin American Theological Fraternity Chapter El Salvador, February 10, 2007Revista Ciencia, Cultura y Sociedad Vol.2 No.1 enero-junio 2015; 50-59
Camus, el absurdo y el existencialismo
Authors: Rey Ríquelme Víctor
Published: October 2016

Revista Ciencia, Cultura y Sociedad Vol.2 No.1 enero-junio 2015; 60-61
Sobre la necesaria difusión científica a través de los Medios de Comunicación Social
Authors: Hernández Escobar Norma
Published: October 2016

Revista Ciencia, Cultura y Sociedad Vol.2 No.2 julio-diciembre 2015; 5-7
Influencia protest ante e Inquisición en la Alcaldía Mayor de Sonsonate: siglos XVI y XVIII
Authors: Coto Argueta Alexis Mijael
Published: October 2016

En el artículo se da cuenta del proceso de rastreo, paleografía, transcripción y análisis de un expediente del Tribunal de la Inquisición abierto en 1767 en contra de don Carlos de Lorenzana bajo el cargo de herejía y apostasía. El caso fue registrado en Sonsonate. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que durante los siglos XVI, XVII, XVIII ya circulaban ideas protestantes –algunas de clara influencia cátara- por estas tierras, las cuales estaban siendo diseminadas por extranjeros que llegaban al Reino de Guatemala como consecuencia del intenso comercio legal o ilegal que se desarrollaba alrededor del puerto de Acajutla. La copia del documento se encuentra resguardado en el Archivo General de la Nación de El Salvador. Revista Ciencia, Cultura y Sociedad Vol.2 No.2 julio-diciembre 2015; 49-55
Examining the Relationship between Religiosity with Anxiety of Mothers and Number of Children
Authors: Safara Maryam , Salmabadi Mojtaba , Edalatkhah Zahra , Rostami Najmieh
Published: October 2016

This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between religiosity with parental anxiety and number of children. The population included the women of Alborz province and Tehran province (the first group included the parents with one child and the second included parents with two children and more) that among them 384 people were selected as the sample by probability (random) sampling method. The research tools were religiosity questionnaire of Khodayarifard et al. (2008) and Spielberger (1970) State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Data were analyzed using inferential statistics of Pearson correlation. The results showed that there is no significant relationship between the number of children and maternal anxiety (R=-0.16); therefore, the results indicate the need for further attention of authorities of public health and educators to the field of religiosity and the number of children. The results also showed the role of religiosity in reducing Iranian families’ anxiety.
The Poets Condition of the Timurid Period in Majales-al Nafis
Authors: Rostami Fatemeh
Published: October 2016

Timurid era is the era of Persian culture and literature efflorescence. Amirs Timuri’s attention to culture has provided base literature for breeding scholar. In Timurid period, a large number of poetry and literature people were commuting in the court of Timur. Eyewitness of two important literary biographies is as a biography of the poet Samarkandi and more importantly Amir Alishir Navai’s Tazkara Majale-Al Nafis. The importance of the second work is that the author had both Divan and Persian literature expertise. Checking presented poets from Navai in Majales Al Nafis is the most important objectives of the present study. The main question is that, which group had higher share in the categories of poets in Majales Al Nafis, and what was the reason? The results show that, poets whom Navai had referred to in his work, have not been outside the three groups, poets agreed with the government, or the opposition and exile, and the third group were also in average. The reason for this division is that, firstly, the desire of Timurid was to ordinary and popular poets, and secondly, selection and anthology of poets in Majales-Al Nafis book has a meaning from the author. This study is intended to explain the poets of the era in Navai’s work with statistical and comparative method.
Police Department and Press Censorship in the First Pahlavi Era
Authors: Asadi Mehdi , Arian Foad Pour , Abadian Hussein , Nahan Mohammad Hasan Raz
Published: October 2016

The press as the most important mass media and as a tool for directing public opinion in the First Pahlavi Era faced many ups and downs. Alteration in the political system, the tendency toward dictatorship government and the implementation of pseudo-modernist programs affect the existence of press. In this period, the press had to write in congruence and in sync with the government programs, otherwise they were no longer survival. The synchronization of press with the government programs and the censorship of public opinion, against the government were entrusted to the Police Department. The press censorship, contrary to common view, was not done in a systematic and specified framework and structure and, depending on the King’s view, the civilian statesmen, staffs and police chiefs were different. The present article tries to analyze the way of implementation of censorship policy and the extent of penetration and interference of police department in this case through using descriptive and analytical method.
Retratos das relações de um programa de pós-graduação em Administração por meio da análise sociométrica
Authors: Silva Rosana Cláudia Ferreira da , Brito Mozar José de , Araújo Uajará Pessoa , Mizael Glener Alvarenga
Published: October 2016

Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar, mapear e diagnosticar a configuração estrutural das relações entre docentes e pesquisadores que marcam o processo de formação das bancas de mestrado e doutorado e da produção científica do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração da Universidade Federal de Lavras (PPGA/UFLA), no período entre 2002 e 2013. O referencial teórico fundamentou-se nos estudos sobre as redes sociais, as origens dos programas de Pós-Graduação no Brasil, as normas e a avaliação da pós-graduação e sobre a análise de redes sociais. Na metodologia foi empregada a análise sociométrica de redes. Concluiu-se, ao final do estudo, que o Sistema de Avaliação tem contribuído para garantir a qualidade dos cursos e o avanço da pesquisa científica no Brasil e que a rede de bancas apresentou tendência a formação de clusters (subgrupos), enquanto a rede da produção científica mostrou-se, ao final de 2013, totalmente conectada.
El campo de definición de la felicidad por las Ciencias Sociales: una aproximación desde el Análisis de Redes Sociales
Authors: Rodríguez Díaz José Antonio , Yter Gimeno Mireia , Arroyo Moliner Liliana
Published: October 2016

El inicio del siglo XXI es testigo de un aumento importante del interés científico y social por la Felicidad como meta individual y colectiva. Varias disciplinas han avanzado en las definiciones de Felicidad, sus componentes, formas de medición y condicionantes. El abanico de perspectivas explicativas oscila entre las más etéreas, espirituales y filosóficas y las más pragmáticas. Los modelos económicos se sitúan en el plano material y tienden a dar a los ingresos y la bonanza económica un papel importante. La Psicología se sitúa en la dimensión de la satisfacción y el bienestar psicológico. Desde el a Ciencia Política llega una propuesta de integrar la Felicidad en las políticas públicas. La aportación de la Sociología y las teorías de capital social y las Redes se centran en la interacción como espacio necesario para la creación de felicidad. Nuestro objetivo es el estudio de la producción científica entendida como campo social. Analizamos el espacio social de definición y construcción científica de la Felicidad como resultado de la interacción de las conceptualizaciones, formas de medir y analizar, junto a los planteamientos de acción propuestos por las ciencias sociales. Lo hacemos utilizando la aproximación teórica y analítica del análisis de redes sociales.
Fernando Moledo: Los años silenciosos de Kant: Aspectos de la génesis de la Deducción Trascendental en la década de 1770. Seguido de la traducción del Legado de Duisburg (ca. 1775). Buenos Aires, Prometeo, 2014, 192 pp. ISBN: 978-987-574-667-1.
Authors: Moscón Pablo
Published: October 2016

Reseña del libro de Fernando Moledo titulado los años silenciosos de Kant: Aspectos de la génesis de la Deducción Trascendental en la década de 1770. Seguido de la traducción del Legado de Duisburg (ca. 1775), publicado por la editorial Pometeo en el año 2104 en Buenos Aires.
¿Puede haber una fundamentación kantiana de los derechos humanos? Algunas consideraciones críticas
Authors: Sánchez Madrid Nuria
Published: October 2016

La intención del presente trabajo es indagar si resultad viable considerar al pensamiento de Kant como uno de los inspiradores del discurso contemporáneo sobre los derechos humanos, con atención a recientes discusiones sobre el tema. En primer lugar, me ocuparé de presentar una lectura de lo que Kant entiende y denomina como «derecho de la humanidad», que debe ponerse necesariamente en relación con la libertad como «único derecho innato», tal y como se formula en la Doctrina del Derecho. En segundo lugar, someteré a debate algunas lecturas recientes del alcance que las tesis kantianas sobre el carácter jurídico del cosmopolitismo y sobre la posesión común originaria de la Tierra podrían tener para una comprensión cabal de lo que cabe identificar en su obra como proto-discusión acerca de lo que hoy en día denominamos derechos humanos. Por último, concluyo que los fundamentos metafísicos que se encuentran a la base de las frecuentes apelaciones kantianas al derecho sacrosanto de los hombres impiden establecer una transición entre el planteamiento de Kant y la concepción radicalmente individualista en que se apoya el discurso de los derechos humanos desde el siglo XX.
Gabriel Rivero: Zur Bedeutung des Begriffs Ontologie bei Kant. Berlín, Boston, Walter de Gruyter, 2014, 247 pp., ISBN:978-3-11-034180-5.
Authors: Martìnez Luciana
Published: October 2016

Reseña de: Gabriel Rivero: Zur Bedeutung des Begriffs Ontologie bei Kant. Berlín, Boston, Walter de Gruyter, 2014, 247 pp., ISBN:978-3-11-034180-5.
Salvi Turró: Filosofia i Modernitat. La reconstrucció de l’ordre del món. Barcelona, Edicions Universitat de Barcelona, 2016, 228 pp. ISBN: 978-84-475-3966-6.
Authors: Teruel Pedro Jesús
Published: October 2016

En la reseña se pone de relieve las tesis principales de la obra, así como su estructura y despliegue, alternando el enfoque descriptivo y el valorativo.
VII. Multilaterales Kant-Kolloqium
Authors: Moledo Fernando
Published: October 2016

Noticia de un evento kantiano
Normas para la publicación de colaboraciones
Authors: Moledo Fernando
Published: October 2016

Normas para la publicación de colaboraciones
Convocatoria: Kant en México
Authors: Leyva Gustavo
Published: October 2016

Convocatoria para la recepción de trabajos sobre la tradición kantiana en México
Preparation of Hulu-mur flavored carbonated beverage based on Feterita sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) malt
Authors: F. A. Baidab Sara , A. Hamad Solafa , Halim R. Ahmed Abdel , Mohamed Ahmed Isam
Published: October 2016

In this study, sorghum Feterita malt extract was used to prepare carbonated beverages flavored with traditional Hulu-mur spices extract. The beverages produced were assessed for their physicochemical,sensory, and nutritional qualities. Malting (3–5 days) of the Feterita grains showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences in proximate composition from that of unmalted grains. Protein and sugars increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) with increased the malting time (days), while there was a significant (P ≤ 0.05) reduction in oil and starch content during malting progress. The kilning temperature of 150 °C for 20 minutes was found to produce the most acceptable Hulu-mur carbonated beverage analogue in terms of flavor and taste. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were observed in physicochemical and nutritional qualities between the Hulu-mur analogue carbonated beverage and commercial non-alcoholic beverage. The Hulu-mur carbonated beverage analogue was rich in Na, K, Ca, and Fe (26.45, 21.84, 24.00, and 0.57 mg /100 g, respectively) compared to levels of the same minerals in the non-alcoholic beverage (22.31, 8.19, 22.00 and 0.15 mg/100 g, respectively). The Hulu-mur analogue also had a higher calorific value (35.85 kcal /100 mL) compared to the non-alcoholic beverage (32.96 kcal/100 mL).
Modeling the kinetics of peroxidase inactivation, colour and texture changes of Portuguese cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. costata DC) during UV-C light and heat blanching
Authors: M. S. Cruz Rui , I. A. Godinho Ana , Aslan Dilek , F. Kocak Necip , C. Vieira Margarida
Published: October 2016

The effects of heat blanching and UV-C light followed by heat on Portuguese cabbage peroxidase (POD), colour and texture were studied in the temperature range of 80-95 °C. POD inactivation, lightness (L) and yellowness (b) colour changes were described by a first-order reaction model. The greenness (a) colour and texture (firmness) changes followed a two fraction kinetic model behaviour. The temperature effect was well described by the Arrhenius law. At lower temperatures the combined treatment showed higher POD inactivation. Colour and texture parameters did not show significant differences between treatments. Long processing times turned the leaves slightly darker, decreased greenness, yellowness and firmness. Short processing times increased the firmness and greenness of the leaves. The treatment at 80 °C for 90 seconds reduced 90% of POD, retaining 98% of lightness and 92% of yellowness and improved the green colour (130%) and firmness (125%). At 80 °C the heat blanching required 7.4 min to inactivate 90% of the enzyme activity, reducing lightness, greenness, yellowness and firmness to 92%, 68%, 62% and 61%, respectively. The present findings will help to optimize the Portuguese cabbage blanching conditions.
A theoretical study on using a fictional mirror to simplify the behavior of a volume Bragg grating in an optical cavity
Authors: Hsieh Yu-Hua , Huang Ching-Hsun , Chung Te-yuan , Shy Jow-Tsong
Published: October 2016

A fictional mirror was proposed to describe the reflective behaviors of a volume Bragg grating (VBG) in an optical cavity. When a finite beam interacts with a VBG, the analytical forms of the location and the radius of curvature of the fictional mirror are derived. In addition, the longitudinal mode spacing of an optical cavity using a VBG as the cavity mirror is investigated theoretically and experimentally.
Crack-free thick (∼5 µm) α-Ga2O3 films on sapphire substrates with α-(Al,Ga)2O3 buffer layers
Authors: Oda Masaya , Kaneko Kentaro , Fujita Shizuo , Hitora Toshimi
Published: October 2016

To obtain crack-free thick α-Ga2O3 films on sapphire substrates, effects and behaviors of buffer layers have been investigated. With the growth of an α-Ga2O3 layer, there appeared an unintentionally formed layer in the sample, which was associated with stress accumulation and could be the seed for crack generation. We obtained a thick (∼5 µm) α-Ga2O3 layer on a sapphire substrate with the insertion of α-(Al0.12Ga0.88)2O3/α-(Al0.02Ga0.98)2O3 buffer layers, and for this sample, we did not observe the intermediate layer, suggesting that the buffer layers were effective for eliminating the stress accumulation at the α-Ga2O3/sapphire interface region.
Substrate profiling of Zika virus NS2B‐NS3 protease
Authors: Gruba Natalia , Rodriguez Martinez Jose Ignacio , Grzywa Renata , Wysocka Magdalena , Skoreński Marcin , Burmistrz Michał , Łęcka Maria , Lesner Adam , Sieńczyk Marcin , Pyrć Krzysztof
Published: October 2016

Zika virus (ZIKV), isolated from macaques in Uganda in 1947, was not considered to be a dangerous human pathogen. However, this view has recently changed as ZIKV infections are now associated with serious pathological disorders including microcephaly and Guillain–Barré syndrome. Similar to other viruses in the Flaviviridae family, ZIKV expresses the serine protease NS3 which is responsible for viral protein processing and replication. Herein, we report the expression of an active NS3pro domain fused with the NS2B cofactor (NS2BLNNS3pro) in a prokaryotic expression system and profile its specificity for synthesized FRET‐type substrate libraries. Our findings pave way for screening potential intracellular substrates of NS3 and for developing specific inhibitors of this ZIKV protease.
An updated structural classification of substrate‐binding proteins
Authors: Scheepers Giel H. , Lycklama a Nijeholt Jelger A. , Poolman Bert
Published: October 2016

Substrate‐binding proteins (SBPs) play an important role in solute uptake and signal transduction. In 2010, Berntsson et al. classified the 114 organism‐specific SBP structures available at that time and defined six protein clusters, based on their structural similarity. Since then, the number of unique SBP structures has increased almost fivefold, whereas the number of protein entries in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) nearly doubled. On the basis of the much larger dataset, we now subclassify the SBPs within the original clusters. Moreover, we propose a 7th cluster based on a small group of SBPs with structural features significantly different from those observed in the other proteins.
Insights into host–pathogen interactions from state‐of‐the‐art animal models of respiratory Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections
Authors: Lorenz Anne , Pawar Vinay , Häussler Susanne , Weiss Siegfried
Published: October 2016

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important opportunistic pathogen that can cause acute respiratory infections in immunocompetent patients or chronic infections in immunocompromised individuals and in patients with cystic fibrosis. When acquiring the chronic infection state, bacteria are encapsulated within biofilm structures enabling them to withstand diverse environmental assaults, including immune reactions and antimicrobial therapy. Understanding the molecular interactions within the bacteria, as well as with the host or other bacteria, is essential for developing innovative treatment strategies. Such knowledge might be accumulated in vitro. However, it is ultimately necessary to confirm these findings in vivo. In the present Review, we describe state‐of‐the‐art in vivo models that allow studying P. aeruginosa infections in molecular detail. The portrayed mammalian models exclusively focus on respiratory infections. The data obtained by alternative animal models which lack lung tissue, often provide molecular insights that are easily transferable to mammals. Importantly, these surrogate in vivo systems reveal complex molecular interactions of P. aeruginosa with the host. Herein, we also provide a critical assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of such models.
Composition and immunological significance of the upper respiratory tract microbiota
Authors: Schenck Louis Patrick , Surette Michael G. , Bowdish Dawn M. E.
Published: October 2016

The intestinal microbiota is essential for nutrient acquisition, immune development, and exclusion of invading pathogens. The upper respiratory tract (URT) microbiota is less well studied and does not appear to abide by many of the paradigms of the gastrointestinal tract. Decades of carriage studies in children have demonstrated that microbe–microbe competition and collusion occurs in the URT. Whether colonization with common pathogens (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae) alters immune development or susceptibility to respiratory conditions is just beginning to be understood. Herein, we discuss the biogeography of the URT microbiota, the succession and evolution of the microbiota through the life course, and discuss the evidence for microbe–microbe interactions in colonization and infection.
Effects of nitrogen deposition on soil sulfur cycling
Authors: Chen Hao , Yang Liqiong , Wen Li , Luo Pan , Liu Lu , Yang Yi , Wang Kelin , Li Dejun
Published: October 2016

Increased atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has been found to alter processes and functions of terrestrial ecosystems including the biogeochemical cycling of N and other elements, e.g., phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), and potassium (K). Nevertheless, how N deposition changes sulfur (S) cycling is largely unknown. Based on a meta‐analysis and a lab N addition experiment, here we show that N addition significantly suppresses the activity of soil arylsulfatase, which is a major enzyme involved in the mineralization of organic S. The evidence suggests that N‐induced decrease in soil pH is responsible for the decrease of arylsulfatase activity. Soil buffering capacity plays a critical role in mediating the extent of arylsulfatase activity response to N inputs via its regulation on soil pH. Our results suggest that N deposition may slow down S cycling by suppressing soil organic S mineralization.
Enhanced sedimentation beneath particle‐laden flows in lakes and the ocean due to double‐diffusive convection
Authors: Davarpanah Jazi Shahrzad , Wells Mathew G.
Published: October 2016

The transport rate of particles beneath sediment‐laden overflows and interflows in lakes and the ocean can be enhanced by double‐diffusive and settling‐driven convection. In previous experiments with sediment‐laden fluid overlaying a saline layer, visual measurements could only be made in the optically clear lower layer. Hence, there was difficulty distinguishing the two processes, hindering predictions of when enhanced sedimentation occurs. We used an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter to measure velocities and turbulence above and below the initial sediment/salt interface. The velocity of the sediment fingers in the lower layer were always larger than the Stokes settling velocity of the particles, leading to an asymmetry in the flow field of the two convective layers. Sediment fingers only dominated when there were marginal density differences between the two layers. We conclude that double‐diffusive sediment fingers control sedimentation beneath interflows in most lakes, whereas settling‐driven convection is dominant in most oceanic overflows.
Regional and stress drop effects on aftershock productivity of large megathrust earthquakes
Authors: Wetzler Nadav , Brodsky Emily E. , Lay Thorne
Published: October 2016

The total number of aftershocks increases with main shock magnitude, resulting in an overall well‐defined relationship. Observed variations from this trend prompt questions regarding influences of regional environment and individual main shock rupture characteristics. We investigate how aftershock productivity varies regionally and with main shock source parameters for large (Mw ≥ 7.0) circum‐Pacific megathrust earthquakes within the past 25 years, drawing on extant finite‐fault rupture models. Aftershock productivity is found to be higher for subduction zones of the western circum‐Pacific than for subduction zones in the eastern circum‐Pacific. This appears to be a manifestation of differences in faulting susceptibility between island arcs and continental arcs. Surprisingly, events with relatively large static stress drop tend to produce fewer aftershocks than comparable magnitude events with lower stress drop; however, for events with similar coseismic rupture area, aftershock productivity increases with stress drop and radiated energy, indicating a significant impact of source rupture process on productivity.
A new soil mechanics approach to quantify and predict land subsidence by peat compression
Authors: Koster Kay , Erkens Gilles , Zwanenburg Cor
Published: October 2016

Land subsidence threatens many coastal areas. Quantifying current and predicting future subsidence are essential to sustain the viability of these areas with respect to rising sea levels. Despite its scale and severity, methods to quantify subsidence are scarce. In peat‐rich subsidence hot spots, subsidence is often caused by peat compression. We introduce the standard Cone Penetration Test (CPT) as a technique to quantify subsidence due to compression of peat. In a test in the Holland coastal plain, the Netherlands, we found a strong relationship between thickness reduction of peat and cone resistance, due to an increase in peat stiffness after compression. We use these results to quantify subsidence of peat in subsiding areas of Sacramento‐San Joaquin delta and Kalimantan, and found values corresponding with previously made observations. These results open the door for CPT as a new method to document past and predict future subsidence due to peat compression over large areas.
The spectroscopy of individual terrestrial gamma‐ray flashes: Constraining the source properties
Authors: Mailyan B. G. , Briggs M. S. , Cramer E. S. , Fitzpatrick G. , Roberts O. J. , Stanbro M. , Connaughton V. , McBreen S. , Bhat P. N. , Dwyer J. R.
Published: October 2016

We report on the spectral analysis of individual terrestrial gamma‐ray flashes (TGFs) observed with the Fermi Gamma‐ray Burst Monitor (GBM). The large GBM TGF sample provides 46 events suitable for individual spectral analysis: sufficiently bright, localized by ground‐based radio, and with the gamma rays reaching a detector unobstructed. These TGFs exhibit diverse spectral characteristics that are hidden when using summed analysis methods. We account for the low counts in individual TGFs by using Poisson likelihood, and we also consider instrumental effects. The data are fit with models obtained from Monte Carlo simulations of the large‐scale Relativistic Runaway Electron Avalanche (RREA) model, including propagation through the atmosphere. Source altitudes ranging from 11.6 to 20.2 km are simulated. Two beaming geometries were considered: In one, the photons retain the intrinsic distribution from scattering (narrow), and in the other, the photons are smeared into a wider beam (wide). Several TGFs are well fit only by narrow‐beam models, while others favor wide‐beam models. Large‐scale RREA models can accommodate both narrow and wide beams, with narrow beams suggest large‐scale RREA in organized electric fields while wide beams may imply converging or diverging electric fields. Wide beams are also consistent with acceleration in the electric fields of lightning leaders, but the TGFs that favor narrow‐beam models appear inconsistent with some lightning leader models.