bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CARBAMAZEPINE LOADED VESICULAR STRUCTURES FOR ENHANCED BRAIN TARGETING VIA INTRANASAL ROUTE: OPTIMIZATION, IN VITRO EVALUATION, AND IN VIVO STUDY
Authors: YASSIN GHADA E. , AMER REHAM I. , FAYEZ AHMED M.
Published: July 2019

Objective: Carbamazepine (CBZ) is used as a first line in the treatment of grand mal and partial seizures, but it suffers from many side effects on different systems of the body. The objective of the present study was optimization of CBZ vesicular structures using 23 multifactorial design for the most efficient targeting of CBZ to the brain via the intranasal route.

Methods: The concentration of CBZ (10 and 20%), type of vesicles (niosomes and spanlastics) and speed of rotation (200 and 300 rpm) were considered as the independent variables XA, XB and XC respectively, while the dependent variables were particle size PS (Y1), polydispersity index PDI (Y2), zeta potential ZP (Y3) and entrapment efficiency EE (Y4). The study of the effect of different formulation variables was carried out using Design-Expert ® software. CBZ-loaded spanlastics and noisome were prepared by the ethanol injection method and thin film hydration method, respectively. The optimized formulation was subjected to viscosity measurement, in vitro drug release and physical stability studies. In vivo evaluations in rats for the optimized formulation in comparison to oral CBZ suspension was carried out using behavioral assessment by elevated plus maze test, determination of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (e-NOS), reduced glutathione (GSH) and ELISA estimation of TNFα.

Results: The selected optimized formulation (F0) containing 20% CBZ and spanlastic vesicular structure showed PS, PDI, ZP, and the EE % of 350.09 nm, 0.830, 16.124mV and 82.777%, respectively. In vitro release study of F0 demonstrated the ability of the F0 to increase drug release in the range time from 10-60 min (p<0.05) when compared with CBZ suspension. The viscosity of F0 was nearly uniform (65 cps). The photomicrograph taken by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals the spherical shape of F0. Good physical stability for six months of storage at 25˚ C was found for F0. The optimized spanlastic formulation F0 showed a decrease in latency time in behavior assessment test using elevated plus Maze test, a decrease in serum eNOS and TNF-α and increase in GSH when compared with the oral CBZ suspension, in addition to the histopathological study that revealed the more CBZ uptake by the brain.

Conclusion: The optimized spanlastic formulation F0 achieved better results when compared with the oral CBZ suspension for targeting the CBZ spanlastics vesicular structure to the brain via the nasal route.
LC-MS/MS METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE DETERMINATION OF CARDIAZOL IN HUMAN PLASMA
Authors: DRAPAK IRYNA , ZIMENKOVSKY BORYS , PEREKHODA LINA , KOVALENKO SERGIY , Logoyda Liliya
Published: July 2019

Objective: The main purpose of this study was to develop a simple, precise, rapid and accurate method for the quantification of cardiazol in human plasma.

Methods: Chromatography was achieved on Discovery C18, 50 × 2.1 mm, 5 μm column. Samples were chromatographed in a gradient mode (eluent A (acetonitrile-water–formic acid, 5: 95: 0.1 v/v), eluent B (acetonitrile–formic acid, 100: 0.1 v/v)). The initial content of the eluent B of 8%, which increases linearly to 1.0 min to 100%, is maintained up to 1.5 min and returned to the original 8% to 1.51 min. The mobile phase was delivered at a flow rate of 0.400 ml/min into the mass spectrometer ESI chamber. The sample volume was 300 μl.

Results: The total chromatographic run time was 2.5 min and the elution of cardiazol and IS (difenoconazole) occurred at ~2.15 and 1.98 min, respectively. A linear response function was established at 1-100 ng/ml for cardiazol and difenoconazole in human plasma. The % mean recovery for cardiazol in LQC, MQC and HQC was 102.8 %, 100.3 % and 95.9 %. The lowest concentration with the RSD<20% was taken as LLOQ and was found to be 1.10 ng/ml for cardiazol. The % accuracy of LLOQ samples prepared with the different biological matrix lots was found 109.7 %, which were found within the range of 80.00-120.00 % for the seven different plasma lots. % CV for LLOQ samples was observed as 11.9 %, which are within 20.00% of the acceptance criteria.

The within-run coefficients of variation ranged between 0.311 % and 0.601 % for cardiazol. The within-run percentages of nominal concentrations ranged between 99.80 % and 100.41 % for cardiazol. The between-run coefficients of variation ranged between 0.332 % and 0.615 % for cardiazol. The between-run percentages of nominal concentrations ranged between 98.18 % and 101.21 % for cardiazol.

Conclusion: A rapid method was developed for simultaneous determination of cardiazol in human plasma. The method was strictly validated according to the ICH guidelines. Acquired results demonstrate that the proposed strategy can be effortlessly and advantageously applied for routine examination of cardiazol in human plasma.
SOFOSBUVIR: TREATMENT OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS C AND THE MAIN TRENDS IN PATENT PROTECTION
Authors: V. LITVINOVA ELENA , V. POSILKINA OLGA , F. MASLOVA NATALIIA
Published: July 2019

The purpose of the study was to analyze and systematize the literature data on the benefit/risk ratio of sofosbuvir administration in the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C and the main trends in its patent protection. Studies were conducted using databases on the Internet: Ukrainian patent office, the European patent office, the US patent office, the Food and drug administration, European Medicines Agency (EMEA), State enterprise “The State Expert Center” of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. It has used retrospective, logical, systematic and analytical methods. Data from clinical studies abroad and meta-analyses indicate that sofosbuvir is one of the most promising drugs for the treatment of chronic HCV infection. Its indisputable advantages are that this drug can be used with different genotypes of the virus, decompensated liver function, it is well tolerated. Sofosbuvir has an improved safety profile and a low probability of viral resistance. The high cost of sofosbuvir is due to the powerful patent protection. As mechanisms for working with patent barriers, it is recommended to use the flexible mechanisms of the TRIPS Agreement: the grant of compulsory licenses, the implementation of parallel imports, the tightening of the criteria for patentability (prohibition of patenting new forms that do not improve therapeutic efficacy).
PREPARATION, EVALUATION AND STABILITY OF LAMIVUDINE LOADED ALGINATE-TAMARIND MUCILAGE MICROSPHERES
Authors: Gada Santosh , Y. ANANDKUMAR , SETTY C. MALLIKARJUNA
Published: July 2019

Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the possibility of obtaining a controlled, relatively constant effective level of lamivudine microspheres.

Methods: Lamivudine loaded sodium alginate (SA) and tamarind mucilage(TM) mucoadhesive microspheres were prepared by ionic gelation technique with three different proportions of SA and TM with different concentrations of CaCl2. The prepared microspheres were evaluated for drug loading, particle size distribution, surface morphology, FTIR, in vitro wash off, in vitro release and stability studies.

Results: The microspheres were found to be free flowing having diameter ranging from 769.22 to 978.56 µm, drug encapsulation efficiency (DEE) was found to be 65.28 to 92.33%. Percent drug release after 12 h were ranging from 85±1.51 to 97±1.44. In vitro release profile of all formulations shows slow controlled release up to 12 h. In vitro wash off studies shown fairly good mucoadhesivity with 20% microspheres adhered after 6h. Stability studies showed that no significant change in particle size and maximum DEE in comparison to the formulation stored at room temperature.

Results: The lamivudine loaded SA-TM mucoadhesive microspheres can be conveniently prepared which showed better result and it may be used full for controlling the drug release and improve the bioavailability.
RESISTENSI TANAMAN KARET KLON IRR SERI 300 TERHADAP PENYAKIT GUGUR DAUN COLLETOTRICHUM DI SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Kusdiana Alchemi Putri Juliantika , Syafaah Afdholiatus , Ismawanto Sigit
Published: July 2019

Penyakit gugur daun Colletotrichum merupakan salah satu penyakit penting yang dapat menyebabkan penurunan produksi lateks pada perkebunan karet. Pengendalian penyakit gugur daun Colletotrichum yang paling efektif adalah dengan penggunaan klon resisten. Pengujian resistensi klon karet IRR seri 300 dilakukan di laboratorium dan rumah kaca dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dua faktor yaitu jenis klon (26 jenis klon) dan isolat C. gloeosporioides (tiga isolat: CG-PR 303, CG-RRIM 600, dan CG-GT 1). Selain itu, pengamatan serangan penyakit secara langsung juga dilakukan pada tanaman belum menghasilkan di lapangan. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa semua isolat C. gloeosporioides memiliki pengaruh nyata terhadap tingkat ketahanan 22 klon IRR seri 300 baik di laboratorium maupun di rumah kaca. Isolat CG-PR-303 memiliki tingkat virulensi paling tinggi dibandingkan isolat lainnya. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan pada tiga kegiatan dapat disimpulkan bahwa 13 klon karet yaitu IRR 300, IRR 301, IRR 302, IRR 307, IRR 308, IRR 309, IRR 310, IRR 311, IRR 313, IRR 315, IRR 316, IRR 318, dan IRR 321 memiliki tingkat resistensi yang tinggi terhadap penyakit gugur daun Colletotrichum.
SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI KOMPOSIT KARET ALAM/SELULOSA DENGAN VARIASI JENIS SELULOSA
Authors: Handayani Hani , Cifriadi Adi , Handayani Aniek Sri , Chalid Mochammad , Herlina Riana , Savetlana Shirley
Published: July 2019

Karet alam dan selulosa merupakan dua material yang memiliki kompatibilitas yang sangat berbeda. Karet alam bersifat nonpolar sedangkan selulosa bersifat polar. Kombinasi antara karet alam dengan selulosa diharapkan akan menjadi komposit dengan kekuatan yang lebih tinggi. Konsep penguatan bahan polimer, seperti karet alam dengan bahan pengisi selulosa, terjadi akibat peningkatan interaksi karet-bahan pengisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh beberapa jenis selulosa terhadap sifat fisik komposit yang dihasilkannya. Sebanyak tiga jenis selulosa digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu serbuk selulosa dari tandan kosong kelapa sawit, selulosa onggok dari limbah pati singkong, dan CMC (Carboxy Methyl Cellulose). Bahan selulosa digiling dalam mesin giling terbuka bersama dengan karet alam dan bahan-bahan lainnya menggunakan dua jenis bahan penyambung (coupling agent) yaitu hexamine/resorcinol dan anhidrida maleat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa CMC memberikan hasil sifat fisik yang relatif lebih baik dibandingkan dengan dua jenis selulosa lainnya terutama dalam hal kuat tarik, pampatan tetap, dan ketahanan pantul komposit yang dihasilkannya. Sementara itu hexamine/ resorcinol lebih kompatibel digunakan sebagai bahan penyambung dibandingkan anhidrida maleat.
PENINGKATAN KETAHANAN OKSIDASI TERMAL KARET ALAM MELALUI REAKSI TRANSFER HIDROGENASI KATALITIK FASA LATEKS MENGGUNAKAN SENYAWA DIIMIDA
Authors: Andriani Woro , Puspitasari Santi , Liansyah Desra , Sujono Sujono
Published: July 2019

Dalam riset telah dilakukan upaya untuk meningkatkan sifat ketahanan oksidasi termal karet alam melalui mekanisme modifikasi kimiawi lateks karet alam secara transfer hidrogenasi katalitik menggunakan senyawa diimida sebagai donor hidrogen. Senyawa diimida dihasilkan secara insitu dari reaksi oksidasi hidrasin hidrat oleh hidrogen peroksida berkatalis asam borat dan berpenstabil kombinasi larutan surfaktan SLS/PPE. Reaksi transfer hidrogenasi katalitik dijalankan pada skala semi pilot berkapasitas 2,5 kg lateks pekat/batch pada suhu reaksi yang ditetapkan pada 30ºC, 40ºC, dan 50ºC. Lateks karet alam terhidrogenasi yang diperoleh digumpalkan dengan asam format, selanjutnya karet alam terhidrogenasi dikeringkan dalam oven pada suhu 100oC selama 240 menit. Evaluasi mutu karet alam terhidrogenasi yang dihasilkan dilakukan secara kualitatif menggunakan spektrofotometer FTIR dan uji kuantitatif meliputi uji bilangan iod, derajat hidrogenasi, indeks ketahanan plastisitas, dan kadar zat menguap. Hasil analisis diketahui bahwa suhu reaksi sebesar 30oC dan waktu pengeringan selama 240 jam dianggap sebagai kondisi teroptimal karena menghasilkan karet alam terhidrogenasi dengan nilai indeks ketahanan plastisitas tertinggi sebesar 43,7. Nilai indeks ketahanan plastisitas umumnya digunakan untuk menggambarkan ketahanan oksidasi termal karet alam mentah.
STUDI PERKIRAAN HARGA KARET MINGGUAN DI TINGKAT PETANI DENGAN PENDEKATAN PENGELUARAN RUMAH TANGGA DAN BIAYA BERKEBUN KARET DI MUSI BANYUASIN
Authors: Nugraha Iman Satra , Alamsyah Aprizal , Agustina Dwi Shinta
Published: July 2019

Enam tahun terakhir ini harga karet mengalami kecenderungan menurun dan berdampak kepada pendapatan petani, sehingga kebutuhan petani tidak dapat terpenuhi dan tidak dapat melakukan peremajaan karet (membangun kebun karet). Oleh karena itu penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memberikan gambaran perkiraan harga karet mingguan di tingkat petani. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin, dengan menggunakan 210 responden. Pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling dan pengambilan data menggunakan metode wawancara. Pengolahan data dilakukan secara kuantitatif yaitu dengan pendekatan biaya yang dikeluarkan untuk kebutuhan keluarga sehari-hari dan berkebun karet. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biaya yang dikeluarkan petani sebesar IDR 935.611,- per minggu dengan proporsi untuk kebutuhan rumah tangga sebesar IDR 712.557,- per minggu dan biaya berkebun karet sebesar IDR 223.054,- per minggu. Dengan rata-rata produksi karet petani sebesar 85 kg – 90 kg, maka perkiraan harga karet ditingkat petani sebesar IDR 10.369,- s.d IDR 11.007,- per kg per minggu. Dengan perkiraan harga tersebut petani akan dapat meningkatkan pendapatan sehingga petani dapat memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari serta membangun kebun karet klonal.
Design of Expert System for Early Identification for Suspect Bullying On Vocational Students by Using Dempster Shafer Theory
Authors: Okmayura Finanta , Effendi Noverta
Published: July 2019

Bullying is negatif agresif character to cover and hurt someone physically or physicology continoustly to act hard to other people who is lower than him. Some parents ignore this problem because of unknowing about the result of this problem that give negative effect to their children and other people. This system will identificate early the begining bullying character for teenager by knowing the kinds of the bullying character base on rate of presentation of higest quartel who has bullying character. This system designed by using  Dempster-hafer teory to know the begining of bullying character by using basic knowledge and forward chaining technic to know more about basic knowledge. Counting of this metodh by combining some symptoms that happen on children by calculating the possibillity disturbing by rating the symptoms from 0 to 1. Implementation of this system use PHP program and My SQL database. The black box trial on the consultation modul is done by using 12 instruments of tria  and found error value 0,88 % on the system and result of the trial expert system have suitable accuration 84 % ,  so we can conclude that this expert system  for early  identification  for suspect  bullying  on teenager good for use.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Fisika Berbasis Android Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Ditinjau Dari Motivasi
Authors: Vilmala Berry Kurnia , Mundilarto Mundilarto
Published: July 2019

This study aims to (1) produce an  android-based Physics learning media on static fluids materials for senior high school students, (2) know whether the android-based Physics learning media is able to improve the students cognitive learning achievement viewed from the motivation. This study is kind of Research and Development. The product of the development was applied in the experiment class, while the conventional learning was applied in the control class. This study used quasi experiment method by applying the nonequivalent control-group design. This study consisted of (1) planning, (2) designing the product, and (3) developing the product. The study results of this research were that android-based physics learning media is rated good by the materials experts, media experts, Physics teachers, colleagues, and students, and stated as appropriate to be used implemented as physics learning media. Then the research concluded that  the Android-based Physics learning media is not able to improve the cognitive learning achievement viewed from the learning motivation.
Delays to Diagnosis and Management of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Taylor William , Ingamells Nathan , Morris Sean , Subramonian Kesavapillai
Published: July 2019

Background and Objective

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is rare in comparison to urothelial carcinoma of the bladder or renal cell carcinoma. UTUC may present with loin pain, haematuria or alternatively can be identified as an incidental finding on imaging. There are often delays to diagnosis as haematuria clinics are efficient for bladder and renal cancer but less effective for UTUC. The diagnosis and treatment of UTUC is more challenging, as it often requires two operations and multiple MDT discussions. Diagnosis must be certain to avoid unnecessary radical surgery.

We found that our patients were experiencing significant delays to definitive surgery. Our patients currently follow the pathway for bladder and renal cancer, as there is no UTUC pathway at or trust or published in the literature. We audited our diagnostic pathway to see how we could tailor the pathway to be more effective for patients with UTUC. This will ensure that more patients will meet the NHS 62-day targets.

Materials and Methods

A retrospective review of patients management pathway from December 2008 to December 2018. Patients were identified by the pathological code for UTUC.

Results

A total of 62 patients underwent nephroureterectomy during a 10-year period. 48 patients were analysed. The median waiting time for haematuria clinic from referral was 21days, a further 73 days to ureterorenoscopy and biopsy, and then 14 days to definitive nephroureterectomy. Only one patient met the NHS 62-day treatment target.

Our waiting times are comparable with other published international series. We have implemented a new UTUC pathway to streamline the diagnosis and management of UTUC. Some patients with UTUC will still have inevitable delays as diagnosis can be very challenging but this new pathway should improve the patient journey and reduce the waiting times significantly.
Resistencias epistémico-políticas frente a la privatización de las semillas y los saberes colectivos
Authors: Hernández Vidal Nathalia , Gutiérrez Escobar Laura
Published: July 2019

En un contexto de libre comercio y privatización de los bienes comunes, el artículo analiza la producción de conocimiento sobre semillas nativas y criollas en la Red de Semillas Libres de Colombia, en dos dimensiones: 1) otras formas de saber y relacionarse con las semillas; 2) los mecanismos por los cuales estas formas de saber han sido o no incluidas en la política pública. Partiendo de estudios críticos sobre ciencia y tecnología y decolonialidad, argumentamos que existe un conflicto entre dos formas de concebir las semillas: una, derivada de discursos y prácticas del desarrollo, en los que las semillas son el capital de la industria agrobiotecnológica y los saberes asociados con su cultivo y preservación se privatizan. La segunda, perteneciente a un universo en el cual semilla, territorio y saber se entretejen para concebir y usar la semilla como bien común.
Producción de chile dulce (Capsicum annuum) en invernadero: efecto de densidad de siembra y poda
Authors: Monge Pérez José Eladio , Loría Coto Michelle
Published: July 2019

Se evaluó el efecto de dos tipos de poda (española y holandesa) y tres densidades de siembra (2.60; 3.25; y 3.90 plantas/m2) sobre el rendimiento y la calidad del chile dulce cv. FBM-9 cultivado bajo invernadero en Costa Rica. Se obtuvieron más frutos totales por planta, pero de menor peso promedio, cuando se utilizó poda española que cuando se aplicó poda holandesa. Con la poda española, se obtuvo un mayor número total de frutos/m2 (95.19) y un mayor rendimiento comercial (66.98 t/ha) que con la poda holandesa (61.45 frutos/m2 y 45.24 t/ha, respectivamente). La densidad de siembra no afectó el peso promedio de los frutos, pero el número total de frutos por metro cuadrado fue mayor a las densidades de 3.90 y 3.25 plantas/m2 (83.24 y 82.17 frutos/m2, respectivamente); el rendimiento total fue mayor a las densidades de 3.90 y 3.25 plantas/m2 (76.54 y 73.06 t/ha, respectivamente); el rendimiento comercial fue mayor a las densidades de 3.90 y 3.25 plantas/m2 (62.84 y 57.70 t/ha, respectivamente); y el número total de frutos por planta fue mayor a las densidades de 2.60 y 3.25 plantas/m2 (26.75 y 25.28 frutos/planta, respectivamente). Los tratamientos que presentaron el mayor rendimiento comercial y el mayor número de frutos totales/m2 fueron la poda española, tanto a 3.25 plantas/m2 (71.00 t/ha; y 102.99 frutos/m2, respectivamente) como a 3.90 plantas/m2 (73.80 t/ha; y 99.70 frutos/m2, respectivamente); entre ambas opciones, el uso de la densidad de 3.25 plantas/m2 representa la mejor desde el punto de vista económico.
Electrodos metálicos recubiertos de PEDOT para detectar Arsénico. Caso de medios acuosos
Authors: Phillips Brenes Hayden , Robles Chaves Diana , Starbird Pérez Ricardo
Published: July 2019

La contaminación del agua con arsénico (As) se ha convertido en una de las principales preocupaciones para la salud pública. La disminución gradual del suministro de agua ha obligado a las autoridades a adoptar programas de protección para proteger las fuentes de agua limpia para el consumo humano y de uso productivo. La toma de decisiones acerca de las fuentes de agua depende del análisis más rápido y preciso de los datos bajo estudio. Las herramientas innovadoras, como los sensores de tipo medición in situ son opciones prometedoras en esta disciplina, debido a su bajo costo y mínimo impacto ambiental. Este documento describe el diseño, construcción y caracterización de un electrodo de oro recubierto con polímero PEDOT, para medir As en medio acuoso. El funcionamiento del electrodo se verificó midiendo concentraciones de As utilizando la técnica de voltametría cíclica, que permite observar picos específicos de corriente eléctrica característicos para cada nivel de concentración del contaminante. Los resultados experimentales indicaron una sensibilidad máxima del electrodo para una concentración de 66μg/L y un rango de medición lineal a concentraciones desde 166μg/L a 1500μg/L. Además, la medición se simuló en el software de simulación multifísico COMSOL, para comparar los resultados experimentales con los resultados teóricos computacionales.
Caracterización de la respuesta de las comunidades locales a la influencia directa de la variabilidad climática en el Caribe Sur de Costa Rica
Authors: Piedra Castro Lilliana , Hernández Zanuy Aida Caridad , Sierra Sierra Luis Manuel , Pereira Chávez José Miguel , Castillo Chinchilla Maikol , Morales Cerdas Vanessa
Published: July 2019

La variabilidad climática provoca impactos sobre los ecosistemas marino-costeros, además de la afectación de los recursos naturales, paisajes y las comunidades costeras vinculadas. Tales comunidades pueden adaptarse a estos cambios o convertirse en migrantes climáticos. Este estudio tuvo como propósito evaluar los mecanismos de adaptación de las comunidades costeras del Caribe Sur (CS) de Costa Rica en relación con los impactos de la variabilidad climática sobre los ecosistemas marinos y costeros para la reducción de su vulnerabilidad. Se realizó revisión documental, se aplicaron técnicas de observación no participante y encuestas a pobladores locales. Se realizaron 65 encuestas en las localidades de Gandoca, Manzanillo, Cahuita, Puerto Viejo, del cantón de Talamanca y Limón del cantón de Limón. Entre los principales resultados destacan las actividades económicas registradas, que fueron agricultura de subsistencia, pesca, turismo, comercio y recolección de cocos. Las artes de pesca identificadas fueron buceo a pulmón, caña de pescar, nasas, líneas de palangre y trasmallo. Se identificó que los locales perciben la influencia de la variabilidad climática; por ejemplo, el aumento del nivel del mar debido a que ha afectado la infraestructura (casas, carreteras, puentes) y el aumento de la temperatura atmosférica porque ha impactado la distribución de las especies de peces. Las comunidades locales no cuentan con un plan de acción gubernamental; pero se han adaptado a las nuevas condiciones, implementado acciones como: diversificación del voluntariado, traslado de infraestructura, agricultura orgánica, pesca como actividad económica complementaria y reforestación de la línea costera. Estas comunidades se han adaptado a los cambios presentados por la variabilidad climática, aunque sin planificación, por lo que es necesaria la atención urgente de las autoridades para definir acciones en el futuro.
Variable neighbourhood search for financial derivative problem
Authors: Lawrance Amaldass , Lucas Cormac , Mladenovic Nenad
Published: July 2019

We propose a new matching problem for combinatorial optimization in financial markets. The problem studied here has arisen from the financial regulators that collect transaction data across regulated assets classes. Unlike previous matching problems, our focus is to identify any unhedged/unmatched derivative, Contract for Difference (CFD) with its corresponding underlying asset that has been reported to the corresponding component authorities. The underlying asset and CFD transaction contain variables like volume and price. Therefore, we are looking for a combination of underlying asset variables that may hedge/match the equivalent CFD variables. Our aim is to identify unhedged /unmatched CFD?s. This problem closely relates to the goal programming problem with variable parameters. In this paper, we construct and implement a variant of BasicVariable Neighborhood Search (BVNS) with our newly constructed local search techniques that performs efficient neighbourhood search to solve these types of problems. Computational results show that the proposed approach achieve good solutions.
On an exact penality result and new constraint qualifications for mathematical programs with vanishing constraints
Authors: Nath Triloki , Khare Abeka
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we considered the mathematical programs with vanishing constraints or MPVC. We proved that an MPVC-tailored penalty function, introduced in [5], is still exact under a very weak and new constraint qualification. Most importantly, this constraint qualification is shown to be strictly stronger than MPVC-Abadie constraint qualification.
Gene-activated hydrogels in regenerative medicine
Authors: Bozo I. Y , Bilyalov A. I , Mavlikeev M. O , Deev R. V
Published: July 2019

Hydrogels capable to optimize reparative regeneration and delivere biologically active components (drugs, cells, growth factors, gene constructs) in the implantation area are attracting increasing attention of developers due to high potential effectiveness of these medical devices and compliance of the approach with well-known medical trend - minimally invasive technologies. Hydrogels containing gene constructs have become especially relevant for clinical practice in the territory of the Eurasian Customs Union after gen-therapeutic drug and the first gene-activated bone substitute were registered in Russia. This review describes the main directions in development of gene-activated hydrogels divided into two categories: primitive and optimized ("smart”-hydrogels). In the case hydrogel scaffolds provide passive delivery of gene constructs, while the latter facilitate gene constructs to realize their mechanism of action.
The research of the molecular mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction in vitro
Authors: Kalinin R. E , Suchkov I. A , Korotkova N. V , Mzhavanadze N. D
Published: July 2019

Endothelial dysfunction is universally regarded as one of the key elements in the pathogenesis of most of cardiovascular diseases including ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, dilated cardiomyopathy, as well as diabetes mellitus, inflammatory, oncological, and autoimmune diseases. Localization of endothelial cells in tunica intima of the vessels limits in vivo analysis of the intracellular proteins and other molecules, which regulate cellular functional activity. A possible solution to this problem may be setting experimental conditions for physiological and pathological functioning of endothelial cells. In vitro modeling of endothelial dysfunction may be a useful tool for the development of methods to improve the endothelial function and evaluate the effects of medicinal products. The objective of this literature review is to summarize main trends in studying endothelial dysfunction in vitro using different endothelial cell cultures.
MicroRNAs in the regulation of osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo: from fundamental mechanisms to bone diseases pathogenesis
Authors: Galitsyna E. V , Bukharova T. B , Vasilyev A. V , Goldshtein D. V
Published: July 2019

The review examined the participation of microRNA in the posttranscriptional regulation of the genes of the two main signaling pathways of osteogenic differentiation - canonical BMP/ SMAD and WNT/p-catenin. The positive and negative effects of microRNA on osteogenic differentiation in various cell cultures of humans and animals, including the choice of directions between adipo-, chondro- and osteogenesis, are indicated. The role of miRNA in the pathogenesis of bone tissue diseases and the prospects for developing methods for their diagnosis and therapy are described.
Vascular endothelial growth factor in tissues of patients with IHD, before and after coronary bypass surgery
Authors: Shevchenko Yu. L , Borshchev G. G , Fomina V. S , Kim K. F
Published: July 2019

We present the comparative results of the study of endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the tissues of patients with and without coronary artery disease. Concentration of the investigated growth factor was found to be higher in tissues of patients with IHD (p0.05), but decreased the total volume of the liquid by almost 4 times (p
Analisis Penyebab dan Perbaikan Vibrasi Pada Fin Fan Blower F1-Ek-9-D1 Milik PT. Badak LNG Bontang
Authors: Anoi Yano Hurung , Yani Ahmad , Seto Bayu Asmoro
Published: July 2019

Fin Fan Cooler merupakan salah satu komponen utama dalam Unit Purifikasi karena fungsinya untuk mendinginkan lean amine sebelum diumpankan menuju menara absorber. Fin Fan Cooler selalu dipantau secara rutin, apabila terjadi kelainan atau kerusakan harus segera diperbaiki secepat mungkin. Parameter seperti getaran, temperatur, dan tekanan harus terus diperhatikan karena dari parameter tersebut dapat mempresentasikan kinerja Fin Fan Cooler. Fin Fan Blower merupakan salah satu komponen utama pada Fin Fan Cooler. Identifikasi permasalahan pada Fin Fan Blower harus dilakukan dengan cepat dan tepat agar perbaikan dapat segera dilaksanakan. Jika ada Fin Fan Blower yang mengalami masalah, maka akan mempengaruhi kerja Fin Fan Cooler dan mengakibatkan turunnya kualitas produksi dan perusahaan akan mengalami kerugian. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu penelitian lapangan. Hasil analisa data vibrasi dari penyebab vibrasi pada fin fan blower  F1-EK-9D1 PT. Badak LNG Bontang, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat keadaan abnormal pada bagian pulley dan belt yang mengakibatkan misalignment sehingga terjadinya vibrasi yang tinggi dan setelah dilakukan predictive maintenance fin fan blower terjadi penurunan fibrasi 70% dari sebelum dilakukan predictive maintenance atau pengecekan vibrasi peralatan secara berkala.Kata Kunci: Analisis, vibrasi, fin fan blower  F1-EK-9D1
Sectoral determinants of sub-federal budget tax revenues: Russian case study
Authors: Malkina Marina , Balakin Rodion
Published: July 2019

Research background: The research is based on the assumption that the sectoral structure of economy has a significant impact on the level and dynamics of sub-federal budget tax revenues. It distinguishes the following sectoral determinants of tax revenues in regions: the levels of tax return and tax absorption, inflation and economic growth in various economic activities.
Purpose of the article: We aimed at assessment of contribution of economic activities and their determinants to the increase in tax revenues of sub-federal budgets of the Russian Federation in 2011?2015 compared to 2006?2010.
Methods: Development of a four-factor additive-multiplicative model of the tax revenue formation in regions, application of the proportional and logarithm methods of factor analysis to assessment of contribution of various activities and their determinants to increase in tax revenues of sub-federal budgets, evaluation of inter-regional inequality of tax revenues growth based on the weighted coefficient of variation, and decomposition of this inequality using the A. Shorrocks technique.
Findings & Value added: We identified activities that made the largest contribution to the increase in tax revenues of the Russian sub-federal budgets. We found that the inflation factor had a predominant positive effect on the growth of tax revenues, while the contribution of the economic growth factor was 4 times less; however, the situation in various activities differed significantly. Generally, changes of sectoral levels of tax return and tax absorption influenced negatively the regional tax revenues. In addition, they moved in opposite direction in the regions. Ultimately, the uneven change in tax returns and price levels in the mining and manufacturing activities of Russian regions made the greatest contribution to inter-regional inequality of the growth of sub-federal budgets tax revenues.
Intra-market commonality in liquidity: new evidence from the Polish stock exchange
Authors: Olbryś Joanna
Published: July 2019

Research background: Empirical market microstructure research has recently shifted its focus from the examination of liquidity of individual securities towards analyses of the common determinants and components of liquidity. The identification of commonality in liquidity emerged as a new and fast growing strand of the literature on liquidity. However, the results around the world are ambiguous and rather depend on a specific stock market.
Purpose of the article: The aim of this study is to explore intra-market commonality in liquidity on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE) by using daily proxies of six liquidity estimates: percentage relative spread, percentage realized spread, percentage price impact, percentage order ratio, modified turnover, and modified version of the Amihud measure. The sample covers a period from January 2005 to December 2016. The database contains the group of eighty-six WSE-listed companies.
Methods: The research hypothesis that there is commonality in liquidity on the Polish stock market is tested. The OLS with the HAC covariance matrix estimation and the GARCH-type models are employed to infer the patterns of liquidity co-movements on the WSE. Moreover, because the sample period is quite long, the stability of the empirical results by time period is examined. Seven 6-year time windows are utilized in the study.
Findings & Value added: The regression results reveal weak evidence of co-movements in liquidity on the WSE, regardless of the choice of the liquidity proxy. Furthermore, the robustness tests based on the time rolling-window approach do not unambiguously support the research hypothesis that there is commonality in liquidity on the Polish stock market. To the best of the author?s knowledge, the empirical findings presented here are novel and have not been reported in the literature thus far.
«¡Linda burla! La risa en el teatro clásico», de la Compañía Nacional de Teatro Clásico (CNTC)
Authors: Marcos Rodríguez Emma María
Published: July 2019

Reseña del libro de la Compañía Nacional de Teatro Clásico ¡Linda burla! La risa en el teatro clásico (Cuadernos de Teatro Clásico, 33, Madrid, Instituto Nacional de las Artes Escénicas y de la Música [INAEM], 2018).
PERSEPSI PERAWAT INSTALASI GAWAT DARURAT TERKAIT HAMBATAN DAN PERILAKU SUPORTIF DALAM PELAKSANAAN PERAWATAN END OF LIFE
Authors: Ariyanti Santi , Emaliyawati Etika , Mirwanti Ristina
Published: July 2019

The high mortality rate in Emergency Department (ED) is consistent with the high demand for end of life (EOL) care. However, ED work system required to life saving quickly and precisely often makes EOL care is not working optimally.The purpose of this study was to determine nurses’perceptions in emergency departments related to obstacles and supportive behaviors (SB) in providing EOL care to dying patients. Descriptive-quantitative method was used with cross-sectional approach in 50 nurses Emergency Department at one of the tertiary hospitals in Indonesia. The samples were chosen using the total sampling technique. Data collection used the emergency nurse perceptions of end of life care questionnaire. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis in the form of distribution, frequency, and mean. The result of the study showed that the main obstacles in EOL care were:  ED nurses’ work loads (10.626), intra-family disagreements (9,802), and dealing with angry family members (9.472). The three main perceptions in supportive behaviors were teaching families how to act (11.962), allowing family members adequate time with the patient after patient died (11.09), and good collaboration from paramedics personnel (10.886. It can be conclude that nurses facing obstacles in taking care end-of-life patients. Based on this research, further studies are needed to minimize obstacles and improve supportive behaviors related to the nurse's workload, the provision of spiritual teams, special training for nurse and the provision of special rooms for EOL patients and their families.
Podcast sebagai Alternatif Distribusi Konten Audio
Authors: Fadilah Efi , Yudhapramesti Pandan , Aristi Nindi
Published: July 2019

The proliferation of Internet has been another warning bell for conventional broadcast radio. Numbers of listener gradually shift to the new mean of media as it is more attractive and convenient  for users. The situation drives radio managers to adapt with various ways. Developing audio podcast is among the strategy that has been growing in the United States and various countries in Europe, but not yet quite popular in Indonesia. Whereas the potential audience is quite large, since the growing number of commuters and fact that about 30% of total population is categorized as auditory learner. For such reason, this library research is conducted to explore the opportunities for audio podcast to develop in Indonesia, as well as content analysis of some of the most successful podcast provider sites. The results show that audio podcast optimization strategy includes the development of podcast materials with appropriate approach and content distribution with audience’s needs, wants, and ways of consuming audio content; as well as the compatibility of the content with the character and orientation of the media. In addition, this effort must also be accompanied by intensive campaigns through various way.
EXPLORING THE USE OF MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS IN CORPUS OF CONTEMPORARY OF AMERISCAN ENGLISH (COCA)
Authors: Sujatna Meita Lukitawati , Sujatna Eva Tuckyta Sari , Pamungkas Kasno
Published: July 2019

Abstract. This paper deals with the frequent use of modal auxiliary verbs in Corpus of Contemporary of American English (COCA). The modal auxiliary modal verbs mentioned as the data are can, could, will, would, may, might, shall, should, and must. Each data collected are taken from Corpus of Contemporary of American English (COCA) in https://corpus.byu.edu/coca/. The research method is descriptive analysis; the present writers describe every data related to their function in each clause. The uses of corpus-based findings of this study have shown several valuable insights. Firstly, the frequency and ranked order of modal auxiliary verbs found in the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) has been revealed.  From the nine modal auxiliary verbs that classified into ‘central modals’, it is collected 6,008,840 data. From the total number mentioned, the verb would (1,301,269) is the most frequently used, then it is followed by the verb can (1,228,608), will (1,118,515), could (885,835), may (494,144), should (435,903), might (300,258), must (223,936), and shall (20,372). Secondly, this study has revealed the elements following each of modal auxiliry verbs found in the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). This is the important information on the use of modal auxiliary verbs and their structure in real language.Abstrak.  Tulisan ini mengenai frekwensi penggunaan verba bantu modal pada Corpus of Contemporary of American English (COCA). Verba bantu modal yang digunakan sebagai data adalah can, could, will, would, may, might, shall, should, dan must. Setiap data yang  digunakan, dikumpulan dari pada Corpus of Contemporary of American English (COCA) pada  https://corpus.byu.edu/coca/. Metode penelitian yang digunakan di dalam riset ini adalah metode deskriptif; para peneliti menggambarkan setiap data yang berhubungan dengan fungsi pada setiap klausa. Penggunaan korpus di dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan beberapa hal. Pertama, menggambarkan frekwensi  dan urutan penggunaan verba bantu modal di dalam Corpus of Contemporary of American English (COCA). Dari sembilan verba bantu modal yang dikelompokkan ke dalam ‘central modals’ terkumpul 6.008.840 data. Dari keseluruhan data yang terkumpul, verba bantu would (1,301,269) sebagai verba bantu yang paling sering digunakan, diikuti oleh verba bantu modal can (1,228,608), will (1,118,515), could (885,835), may (494,144), should (435,903), might (300,258), must (223,936), dan shall (20,372). Kedua, tulisan ini juga mendeskripsikan unsur-unsur yang mengikuti verba bantu modal yang digunakan di dalam Corpus of Contemporary of American English (COCA). Hal ini merupakan informasi penting mengenai penggunaan verba bantu modal dan strukturnya di dalam pengunaan bahasa yang sebenarnya.
KELETAKAN RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU DALAM TATA RUANG KOTA BANDUNG AKHIR ABAD XIX HINGGA PERTENGAHAN ABAD XX
Authors: Falah Miftahul
Published: July 2019

Dalam tata ruang kota, ruang terbuka hijau merupakan salah satu komponen pembentuk fisik kota dan keberadaannya menjadi salah satu indikator penilaian terhadap kualitas lansekap kota. Dua model ruang terbuka hijau yang sudah sangat dikenal oleh masyarakat adalah hutan kota dan taman kota yang tentu saja memiliki fungsi yang berbeda. Di Kota Bandung, ruang terbuka hijau cukup banyak baik yang dibangun pada masa kolonial maupun masa kemerdekaan. Secara historis, keletakan ruang terbuka hijau, baik berupa hutan kota maupun taman kota belum banyak yang mengkaji. Bagaimana keletakan ruang terbuka hijau dalam konstelasi tata ruang Kota Bandung pada Abad XX, merupakan aspek kajian historis yang menarik untuk diteliti dengan menggunakan pendekatan morfologi kota. Untuk memperoleh jawaban atas pertanyaan itu, dalam kajian ini diterapkan metode sejarah yang dalam tataran operasional terdiri atas empat tahap, yaitu heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada masa Pemerintahan Gemeente Bandung, ruang terbuka hijau lebih banyak dibangun di wilayah Bandung Utara; hutan kota yang ada Kota Bandung yang dikenal dengan nama Jubileumpark memiliki area lebih luas dibandingkan dengan kondisi sekarang; taman-taman kota yang telah dibangun oleh Pemerintah Gemeente Bandung sebagian besar masih berfungsi setelah direvitalisasi oleh Pemerintah Kota Bandung; dan beberapa taman kota mengalami transformasi karena berbagai alasan, antara lain ketidaksesuaian dengan budaya lokal.
Design and Development of Credit Scoring Model for Conventional Banks for Individual Borrowing Case Study on PT BPR Sungai Puar District Agam
Authors: Hendriadi Rio , Putri Anne , Amelia Dona , Syafrina Rany
Published: July 2019

Objective – This research is conducted to design and to develop credit scoring model on conventional bank in order to determine individual loan, the research takes place in PT BPR Sungai Puar, Kabupaten Agam. This model tries to evaluate the credit risk of BPR Sungai Puar.Design/methodology – The data are considered as secondary sources as they are taken from BPR Sungai Puar database by classifying them into two analysis tools including discriminant analysis and logistic regression. Results – The resuts are presentes inform of model and credit scoring perfection on PT BPR Sungai Puar Kabupaten Agam.Keywords Credit Scoring Model, Conventional Banks, Individual Loan
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Authors: Contents Table Of
Published: July 2019

Table of Contents
Pengeluaran Pemerintah dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Indonesia : Analisis Panel Seemingly Unrelated Regression
Authors: Kharisma Bayu , Pratikto Adji
Published: July 2019

The paper aims to examine how the growth impact of government spending in Indonesia, with a focus on several expenditure sectors, namely defense, education, health, agriculture, transport and communications, and manufacturing sectors. Based on the 17 sectors studied, only 6 sectors significantly influence economic growth, namely industrial sector, agriculture and irrigation sector, transportation and transportation sector, environment and spatial sector, political sector and mass media lighting, and security of order. Meanwhile, of the six sectors, only the security sector of order has a positive effect on economic growth, while the other five sectors negatively affect economic growth. If not paid attention to the level of significance, almost all sectors of development expenditure have a negative impact on economic growth, only 5 sectors that have a positive influence that is the labor sector, education sector, national culture, trust in God YME, youth and sports, housing and residential sector , the science and technology sector, as well as the security and order sectors. However, only the security sector of order has a significant effect, while the other four sectors have no significant effect. This result differs from previously conclusions, where their overall conclusion of the government development spending sector has a significant effect, the effect being positive. However, the same conclusions are generated for the security and order sectors, where the results are positive and significant.