bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
System Identification Of A Pasteurisation Process: A Comparison Of Direct And Indirect Methods
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Canty Niel
Published: June 2024

"The primary focus of this research is to identify a linear model for a direct steam injection (DSI) pasteurisation process which is a component of a large-scale pilot evaporation process widely used in the dairy industry. The pasteurisation process has been identified as a key component of the evaporation process. The author believes that no previously published work has focused on identifying models for a DSI pasteurisation process which makes this work an original contribution to the area. The pasteurisation process can be modelled as a single-input, single-output (SISO) process with a measurable disturbance. Thus two transfer functions were required to be identified, GD(s)relating the dynamics of the disturbance to the output and, Gp(s) relating the dynamics of the input to the output. Initially, the focus of this work was on the use of operating data to estimate models, however a thorough analysis of the results raised suspicions regarding model accuracy and resulted in low user confidence. Thus specially designed system identification tests were applied and the resulting model has been proven to be accurate over a 65°C to 75°C range (which is the operating range most frequently used). It is believed that substantial energy savings can be made from a re-tuning of the PID settings using the identified models in this thesis. Because the sampling rate of the data was high, compared with the fundamental dynamics of the process, there were concerns regarding the integrity of the discrete-time results. Alternative methods of determining continuous-time models were investigated which identified direct continuous-time methods as a viable alternative. Therefore, a second contribution of this thesis is the evaluation of direct continuous-time versus indirect continuous-time system identification methodologies. Specifically, the Box Jenkins (indirect method) model and the Simplified Refined Instrumental Variable (SRIVC) (direct method) model were used for analysis purposes. The results indicated that models with smaller standard deviations were estimated using the SRIVC method - implying that these models are more accurate. Furthermore, the low standard deviations resulted in high user confidence in the estimated models. To date only one previous comparison between these approaches has been performed and therefore the research reported here forms a significant contribution to this research area."
Gmpac - The Generic Message Processing And Communications Framework
Authors:   ,   Institute of Technology Tralee, Barry Eoin
Published: June 2024

The Generic Message Processing and Communications Framework (GMPAC), is an extensible, communications architecture, which is concerned processing various message types. The GMPAC framework is designed around the java NIO API. It receives in various messages over a socket, decomposes them and extracts the payload. It then passes a message back to the sender in the same format as the received message. GMPAC uses xml files to define message formats, and decodes and decodes the messages using information contained in these definitions. This project was developed for Altobridge Tralee, meeting a set of requirements set out by them. This report provides a background into the rational behind the design of architecture of GMPAC. It also examines the Adaptive Communications Environment and provides an analysis of it in the context of this project. Some of the components of ACE are implemented in java and packaged with the GMPAC framework
Towards A Best Practice Framework : The Case Of Institutes Of Technology Campus Incubators
Authors:   ,   Institute of Technology Tralee, Fenton Mary
Published: June 2024

Campus incubators catalyse campus enterprise development by encouraging Third Level “spin offs”, commercialisation of research and facilitating “spin-in” enterprises. They provide academic staff, graduates and “spin-in” entrepreneurs with a range of support services including space, advice, training, mentoring and networking opportunities. The real value of a campus incubator location for clients is their association with a reputable Third level Institute and access to the Institute’s resources namely academic staff, embedded knowledge, manager’s expertise and enterprise netvyorks. The researcher explored literature on campus and business incubators and identified a lacuna of research on campus incubation, particularly within Irish Higher Education Institutes. Using a best practice framework of business incubators, developed by Rice and Matthews (1995), the researcher investigated current practice of four Irish campus incubators to determine if they encompass such best practice features. From the analysis of the research results, the researcher proposes a best practice framework for campus incubators applicable to the Institute of Technology sector. Whilst acknowledging that this framework cannot be applied generically to all Institutes given their individual focus and the regional factors at play, this research is a first step towards best practice of campus incubators within the sector. The research recommendations will inform key players within the Institute of Technology sector how to optimise campus incubators to stimulate and support campus and regional enterprise development. The research also identified four specific research questions which are worthy of further research and would advance the field of campus incubation research in a meaningful manner.
Next Generation Heterogenous Telemetry Modules
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Brady Pierce
Published: June 2024

"Remote monitoring is used in many applications within the scientific, industrial and commercial communities. These applications can range from the simple monitoring of wind farm generators to the complex behavioural monitoring of a local fox habitat to the simple but extremely urgent monitoring of water depth for a flood prone river. Each application of remote monitoring requires different aspects of the remote monitoring device, but typically, not all these applications can be implemented, as the technologies required for their construction are extremely large, expensive, energy inefficient, slow and do not meet the constraints for the given application. However with the advent of recent technologies such as the introduction of GPRS onto the GSM network, smaller fabrication processes and the mass production of high quality components, these constraints are becoming increasingly smaller and there exists the potential to implement a myriad of remote monitoring applications using these new and improved technologies. The goal of this research is the identification of the needs of remote monitoring, with these requirements in mind a solution is suggested which will adhere to these criteria and fully address the principles of remote monitoring applications both now and in the future. This work presents a generic communications module, which is capable of using SMS, GPRS and Radio as a mode of communication. The actual mode of communication is hidden from the user through use of a generic software interface. The hardware is designed to incorporate both the reduction in the size and power consumption of the communication modules to produce boards, which have smaller form factors and lower power consumption. Marine Informatics will use the modules developed from this research in the industry. Marine Informatics is a company located in county Clare, Ireland. This company specializes in data buoys. Currently the data buoys they produce offer the following modes of communication; SMS, Radio and Satellite. The OEM modules they currently employ for communications are of a large form factor and consume large quantises of power, while the use of SMS as a transmission medium is convenient, it is costly and produces a bottleneck on the data transfer. The work presented here should help Marine Informatics and similar companies upgrade their current telematics systems to a next generation heterogeneous telemetry system, which is cheaper, smaller and more energy efficient than the telematics modules currently in use"
Radio Resource Management For Cellular Wireless Local Area Networks.
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Brickley Olivia
Published: June 2024

"The growing demand for mobile computing worldwide has led to the increasing deployment and use of Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) in the last number of years. During this time, user requirements have evolved, resulting in a more diverse mix of services being carried over the wireless medium. In particular, delay sensitive real-time applications such as streaming multimedia and voice over IP are growing in importance. The widely accepted IEEE 802.11b standard, however, was not designed with sufficient Quality of Service (QoS) constraints for such applications. A new draft of the standard named 802.1 le has been proposed that deals with QoS issues for WLANs. The 802.1 le enhancement has been shown to provide an improved QoS for time-bounded services. The higher priority traffic receives the highest throughput and lower access delay at the MAC layer. However, the nature of the medium access strategy defined for 802.11 WLANs means that during periods of congestion, large delays are experienced at the MAC layer, causing a degradation in the QoS provided to the active real-time sessions. Load balancing is seen as an effective approach to deal with this problem. Some users could be handed off to neighbouring, lightly loaded access points (APs) lessening the load at the overloaded AP, thus improving the QoS for all sessions. The contribution of this thesis is a load balancing procedure called cell breathing. Based on QoS measurements in each Basic Service Set Area (BSSA), an AP will determine its loading state. An AP in a congested state will reduce its transmit power and request neighbours to increase theirs to ensure seamless network coverage. Adjustment of transmit powers has the effect of changing the coverage pattern of AP's, thus allowing overloaded AP's to shed users, resulting in a more even balance of the load in local spheres of the network."
Controller Design And Web-based Simulation For A Pasteurisation Process
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Torres Luis
Published: June 2024

"The basic PID controller remains the most commonly used automatic feedback control technique in industry. Many tuning techniques exist for this controller and the use of tuning rules remains very popular, both in industry and academia. This thesis is concerned with the practical evaluation of a selected number of PID tuning rules. The rules were to be evaluated on an industrial pilot-scale milk pasteurisation process. However, most of these rules could not be tested on the real plant as the industrial distributed control system was quite inflexible and did not permit many of the more advanced PID structures e.g. two-degree of freedom controllers, to be implemented. A first contribution of this thesis was therefore to design and implement a control platform suitable for scientific research. This platform is based on a PC with a data acquisition card and standard CAD software and provides the flexibility to implement the structures that are investigated. Subsequently, a first-order lag plus delay-type model was identified. Five recent tuning rules are applied to this model and evaluated on the pasteurisation process. All five controllers yield improved performance (reduced overshoot and steady-state variance) relative to the existing PI controller. The results clearly demonstrate that these rules are worthy replacements of the traditional Ziegler-Nichols method. Simultaneously, the results illustrate the benefits that can accrue from a simple controller re-tuning exercise. In this application, the main economic implication is that less energy is required however, lower pasteurisation temperatures have the added benefit of enhancing product taste. Subsequently, cascade control was proposed as an alternative to the single-loop PID controller. It is shown, that for this system, the primary benefit of cascade control is reduced response time. A second contribution of this thesis is the development of a virtual lab. This virtual lab uses a non-linear model of the pasteurisation process to create an accurate simulation of the process, and offers a friendly graphical interface for the plant. This virtual lab can be accessed over the Internet, through a normal HTML browser. A set of laboratory exercises were developed to introduce the concepts of system identification and controller design to third and fourth-year engineering students. A web site was developed to facilitate this process."
Building A Declarative Workflow Engine
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Rushe Patrick
Published: June 2024

"In the last two decades, technology has become available that not only allows certain activities of a business process to be automated, but also allows a business process itself to be automatically managed. A Workflow Management System assigns the work, passes it on, and tracks its progress. This technology is called Workflow. Workflow is the automation and formal management of a business process. Many commercial and open-source Workflow Management Systems are available. However, the cost and technical difficulty in implementing either can be excessively high. The primary contribution of this work is to prove that building a workflow engine is a viable option when compared to the cost and complexity of implementing commercial or open source products."
Molecular Epidemiology Of Antibiotic Resistant Salmonella Enterica Strains From Different Animal And Human Sources In Ireland
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Lee David
Published: June 2024

In this study, 176 isolates of Salmonella were collected from different laboratories in Ireland. All isolates were confirmed to be of the genus Salmonella by performing bacteriological and biochemical tests. Briefly, all isolates were cultured onto XLD agar after which pure cultures were verified and stocked at this institute. Definitive identification was carried out using the API 20-E system and a separate urease test was also performed on all isolates. After confirmation of the genus, all isolates were prepared for antibiotic susceptibility testing and r-types were determined using sixteen antibiotics. Depending on the antibiotic resistance profiles, isolates were selected for different molecular tests. DNA extraction was carried out using two methods, the chloroform method and the boiling method. The quality of DNA from both methods was compared. All isolates with resistance or susceptibility to the quinolone antibiotics were selected and a further quantitative level of resistance was determined using graduated E-test strips. The three recognized mechanisms responsible for in quinolone resistance were investigated in those Salmonella isolates. Briefly, DNA sequences of specific housekeeping genes were screened for specific mutations implicated in quinolone resistance; a plasmid-borne mechanism encoded by the qnr gene was investigated and thirdly, the possible existence of an active efflux system was examined. Integron-bome resistance to the common antibiotics, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, streptomycin, spectinomycin and sulphonamides was also studied. All 176 isolates were screened for the presence of integron-associated genes inti (identifying Class 1 integrons) and int2 (identifying Class 2 integrons). The integrons of int1- and int2-positive isolates were characterized by PCR amplification and nucleotide sequencing. The association of integron-borne resistance linked to Salmonella Genomic Island 1 was also examined.
Sediment Transport In Rivers And Estuaries
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Clancy John
Published: June 2024

"The processes of erosion, transportation and sedimentation in rivers and estuaries have fascinated researchers for centuries. These processes have been active throughout geological time and have shaped the present landscape. To effectively study these processes analysis needs to be carried out at catchment scale level. Cork Harbour and its tributaries including the River Lee, the Owenabue River, the Glashaboy River, the Owennacurra River, and the Dungoumey River are analysed for the processes of sediment transport within their catchments and systems, and particularly river sediment loadings. This thesis includes a literature review of the properties of sediment, river and estuary related sediment transport, and the establishment of a net sediment budget for an estuary system. Estimates of suspended sediment loadings to Cork Harbour are presented for the Owenabue River (4,217 tonnes/year), the River Lee (18,674 tonnes/year), the Glashaboy River (7,655 tonnes/year) and the Dungoumey and Owennacurra Rivers combined (2,128 tonnes/year). Other rivers analysed are the River Feale (13,478 tonnes/year), the Bandon River (4,087 tonnes/year) and the Blackwater River (33,669 tonnes/year). Relationships are developed for river flow rate versus catchment area, river flow rate versus suspended sediment discharge, and suspended sediment discharge versus catchment area. Comparisons are made between controlled and uncontrolled catchments. A comparison is made between Irish rivers analysed and a selected number of international rivers. A net sediment budget is established for Cork Harbour. An estimated 16,803 tonnes of sediment are in suspension and an estimated average 1,705 tonnes travel in and out on every tide. The net marine exchange is used to balance the sediment budget with an estimated average of 169.7 tonnes/tide brought into the harbour. The total riverine input to Cork Harbour is estimated at 63.2 tonnes/tide, effluent inputs are estimated at 7.9 tonnes/tide (historical) and 0.47 tonnes/tide (current). The net estuarine exchange is estimated to be an accretion of 111.4 tonnes/tide to the estuary bed, while dredging removes on average an estimated 129.4 tonnes/tide."
KÜLTÜR ODAKLI YAKLAŞIMLAR IŞIĞINDA AHMET HAMDİ TANPINAR’IN KÜLTÜR KAVRAMI
Authors: Arslan Cüneyt , Yürüklü Hazal
Published: June 2024

Kavramsallaşması 20. yüzyılın ortalarını bulan kültür eleştirisi, Frankfurt Okulu ve İngiliz Kültürel Çalışmalar Enstitüsü öncülüğünde yürütülen çalışmalar ile beraber hem sosyal bilimler hem de edebî çalışmalar sahasında kendisine yer bulmuştur. Batı Avrupa’da yürütülen çalışmaların aksine Türkiye’de temkinli bir ilerleme kat eden kültür eleştirisi kuramının, Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar’ın kaleme aldığı çalışmalar ışığında ulusal boyutu aktarılmaktadır. Türk edebiyatının emsal değerlerinden Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar kültür kavramını kültürel eleştiri izleğinde ortaya koyarken kendi kültür tahayyülünü de edebî eserlerinde karakterleri üzerinden okuyucuya sunmaktadır. Kaleme alınan çalışmada Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar’ın kültür mefhumu tahlil edilirken karma araştırma yöntemleri kullanılmış, Türk kültürünün ilerleyişinin batı ile mukayesesi neticesinde elde edilen bulgular ile Tanpınar’ın kültür kavramının pratiğe uygunluğu tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Yazarın kültür kavramının teoriden pratiğe geçiş sürecinin anlaşılması adına kültür eleştirisi köprü görevi görürken bundan sonra yapılacak çalışmalarda Tanpınar’ın kültür kavramının anlaşılması adına yardımcı olması öngörülmektedir.
Flavours of the Sea. Old Istrian cuisine
Authors: Čok Lucija
Published: June 2024

The presentation of old Istrian cuisine within Slovene borders is not only limited to recipes for select dishes and a description of modern food culture, it is also a walk through the history of the Istrian Pen insula, exploring the food trends, customs, and traditions accompanying these dishes. The food culture of this geographical area could hardly be regarded as purely Slovene or Italian intangible heritage, as countless peoples across time have left their mark on this gateway between the Mediterranean and Central Europe. Istrian cuisine has undergone diachronic change, with a bevy of synchronous environ mental influences shaping it in each of its historical periods. Thus, while the cuisine has preserved Mediterranean dietary elements (grains, olives, and grapes), together with the method of their production (fishing and farming), the ways the ingredients are processed, dishes prepared, and food consumed have all undergone changes. The period from which the studied dishes were chosen was limited to two centuries: from the second half of the 18th century (the end of Venetian hegemony in Istria) to the Second World War. Medieval sources already provide an account of the expansion of Venetian cuisine in the northern Adriatic, which is understandable since Istria was under Venetian rule for more than half a millennium. Contrasts in status, economic situation, and lifestyle between the inhabitants of coastal towns and the rural interior (as ethnic, cultural, and linguistic traditions were predominantly Romance in towns, but predominantly Slavic in the countryside) influenced the dietary differences between these two areas and, consequently, their culinary heritage.
Memorandum of Understanding and firm performance: A Performance assessment of MoU adopted public sector enterprises in India
Authors: Chhabra Ishha , Gupta Seema
Published: June 2024

The unsatisfactory performance of public sector made the Government introduce Memorandum of understanding and disinvestment. This study has been undertaken to analyze the performance of memorandum of understanding signed firms over the years. In addition, the performance of MoU-signed disinvested and MoU-signed non-disinvested firms have also been examined. Performance has been analysed using different ratios; return on equity, return on assets, net income productivity per employee and sales productivity per employee. In-line to analyze the effectiveness of data, random effect panel regression has been used to study the performance of sixty MoU signed PSEs for 15 years (2004-2018). The results indicate that the profitability of MoU signed non-disinvested firms is better than MoU signed disinvested firms. This could be possibly due to the more substantial managerial autonomy impact on the performance. Assets turnover ratio, leverage, and age have a significant effect on the performance of firms.
Origins of constitutional justice in Spain (Court of Constitutional Guarantees in Republican Spain)
Authors: Alexeeva Tatiana
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The article deals with the history of the establishment of the body of constitutional justice in Spain during the Second Republic, identifying its legal origins, its legal status under the 1931 Constitution, and revealing its novelties under the Organic Law of 1933. Methods. The research is based on the application of comparative-legal, system-structural and historical methods of research. Particular attention is drawn to the formal-dogmatic analysis of legal acts and records management materials. Results. The article is based on the study of legislation, records of the Court of Constitutional Guarantees, its acts and scientific literature. The author focuses on the problem of adopting foreign models, which has been the subject of debate in the Constituent Cortes. The author suggests that the Austrian model and its modifications, made with regard to the specifics of Spanish political realities, determined the status of the Court of Constitutional Guarantees and the characteristic features of its activity. The attention is drawn to the analysis of the order of formation of the Court and its competence on the main drafts proposed to the founders for discussion, their final legislative formulation, as well as the implementation of the norms in practice. Conclusion. The importance of the creation and its functioning, despite the critical assessments of scholars, is determined by the results of its work and its place in the history of constitutional justice - it was the third constitutional court in Europe, and the norms of the constitutional legislation of 1931-1933 regulating its legal status became an important source of the provisions of the current Spanish legislation on the Constitutional Court.
Bank raiding as a new threat to the security of business activity in Russia
Authors: Lyannoy Gleb
Published: June 2024

Introduction. There are more than 30 years since Russia’s changeover from the socialist model of economic management to the capitalist one. Throughout this period the problem of ensuring the security of business activity was particularly crucial in the country. Repeated attempts were made to give a doctrinal interpretation to the frequently occurring phenomena existing in this sphere, but they had no results. The scientific interest in the area under research faded away around 2010. Despite the fact that raiding itself was not discussed in the scientific community anymore, the problems of business activity caused by this phenomenon have not disappeared. Business continues to be attacked by interested parties using such a means as bank raiding. Methods. The following methods were used in the research: comparative-legal (comparativist), historical-legal, analytical, formal-legal, abstraction method. Results. The author analysed the issue of legal regulation of counteraction to raiding. The article defines the difference between “raiding” and “hostile takeover”. The relatively new phenomenon of “bank raiding” is revealed, its stages are considered, and proposals to change the current legislation are made.
Theoretical training as a significant factor in improving the quality of education in disciplines related to physical training of cadets of the Ministry of the Interior higher educational institutions
Authors: Sabirova Irina , Lyapin Alexey
Published: June 2024

The professional activity of police officers aimed at protecting life, health, rights and freedoms of citizens, combating crime, public order maintenancerequires the developed competence to apply physical force, special means and firearms. On the other hand, physical training is an important means of comprehensive and well-balanced development of personality, which focuses on improving the quality of theoretical knowledge of future employees of local bodies of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia and their conscious use in personal improvement and self-improvement. At the same time, the issues of theoretical aspects of physical training in higher education institutions of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia are not fully discussed in the academic and scientific papers. Methods. The authors used a range of general scientific methods of cognition (analysis, synthesis, induction, and deduction). Results. The process of developing theoretical knowledge of students in departmental universities in physical training disciplines should be implemented in compliance with a number of requirements, such as: the focus of the educational process on the training of moral, material and cultural values of physical culture; the system of social values; step-by-step mastering of theoretical knowledge; the use of generally accepted forms of learning process organization aimed at mastering knowledge, skills, and abilities; engagement of students in self-study. This process consists of a number of interrelated stages: development of conscious perception of educational information and understanding of its content; comprehension of the learnt material, understanding of applied significance of the received knowledge; memorization and preservation of the received information at the expense of active involvement of students in the process of improving the quality of theoretical readiness; use of the gained knowledge in practice. The didactic aspect of theoretical preparation of training of future employees of local bodies of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia in disciplines related to physical training based on emphasized principles, forms, means and methods is presented.
The problem of research life goals and dispositional materialism in the structure of professional self-awareness of employees of internal affairs bodies
Authors: Sharafutdinova Natalia
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The article is devoted to the analysis of life goals, aspirations, materialism of employees of internal affairs bodies, the selection of psychodiagnostic tools in the framework of a global study of professional self-awareness of subjects of official activity. The relevance of the research topic is determined by the uncertainty of the structure of professional self-awareness of the individual, the lack of a developed program and methodology for empirical research of professional self-awareness, recommended methods for diagnosis, including life goals, aspirations, materialism. For the activities of the internal affairs bodies, it is necessary to solve personnel issues, select the most promising, reliable employees for service, accompany them throughout their service, and promote their professional development. In this regard, the role of the psychologist of the internal affairs bodies in conducting individual and group work with employees, carrying out psychodiagnostics and subsequent support is increasing. Methods. In carrying out this part of the scientific research, we used such methods as scientific categorical analysis, typologization, testing. Results. The questionnaire “Index of aspirations” (T. Kasser, R. District in the adaptation of T. O. Gordeeva, O. A. Sychev, V. A. Egorova) made it possible to assess the severity of both external and internal aspirations of a person, to give them a general assessment and on separate scales, respectively. This questionnaire is included in the program of the study of professional selfawareness of subjects of official activity, indicating the following as motivational components of the structure: relationships, community, appearance, fame, influence. Self-expression was attributed to the reflexive components. The results of the diagnosis of dispositional materialism as an integral part of the structure of professional self-awareness are obtained; positive relationships between individual indicators of the component composition of the structure of professional self-awareness are revealed.
Original Sin, Monogenesis and Human Origins
Authors: Chaberek Michał
Published: June 2024

This paper focuses on the arguments presented by Kenneth W. Kemp in his two articles proposing a form of reconciliation between the evolutionary concept of human origins and polygenism. At the beginning, it is explained that Kemp’s understanding of the relationship between science and faith strays from what Augustine (whom Kemp claims to follow) teaches. Then the current state of science is scrutinized with the conclusion that current scientific evidence does not exclude the belief in the traditional form of monogenism. After presenting Kemp’s solution to the alleged conflict between science and Catholic dogma it is shown that Kemp’s solution is based on some confusion in terms and it also encounters several metaphysical and biological difficulties.
Spirituality and Religiousness of Secondary School Students in a Public and Catholic School
Authors: Chrost Marzena , Chrost Sławomir
Published: June 2024

Research objectives: The aim of this article is to investigate and analyse spirituality and religiousness in secondary school students of a public and a Catholic school.
Research methods: The diagnostic survey method with a questionnaire was applied in the empirical research. The empirical data was collected with the authors’ original questionnaire on spirituality and religiousness of youth, based on publications by Janusz Mariański and Halina Mielicka. The following statistical methods were used to analyse the research material: Student’s t-test, chi2 correlation test, Fisher’s exact test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey’s post hoc test and Fisher’s linear trend test. A p-level of <0.05 was considered statistically significant and a p-level of <0.01 was considered highly significant.
Structure of the article: The spirituality and religiousness of young people is an important issue in school education. Therefore, the article discusses, with reference to the literature on the subject, the basic concepts of spirituality and religiousness. The status of the existing research is shown. The methodological assumptions of our own research are discussed, as well as the characteristics of the study group with respect to the division into a public and a Catholic school. The results and statistical analysis, as well as the limitations of the research, are presented. Finally, general conclusions from the research are presented.
Research results: The research was conducted in 2023. A total of 555 secondary school students participated in the study, including 341 (61.44%) from a Catholic school and 214 (38.56%) from a public school in Krakow. There were more females (58.74%) than males (41.26%) in the study group. Most of the young people (54.95%) declared that they are believers, and most of the believers (85.41%) declared that they are Catholic. The results on the spirituality scale differed significantly (p<0.05) between the groups; they were higher among the Catholic school students. Similarly, scores on the religiousness scale were highly significantly different (p<0.01) between the groups and higher in the Catholic school.
Conclusions and recommendations: Based on the study significant relationships were observed between the type of school and the level of spirituality and religiousness, as well as between the declaration of faith and the level of spirituality and religiousness. The results of the research indicate that spirituality and religiousness are related to each other. Undoubtedly, attending a religious school can be a valuable contribution to developing the religious/spiritual sphere in a young person. It would be worthwhile to conduct further, detailed research on adolescents’ religiousness and spirituality in future in order to better understand and describe this issue.
FEATURES OF THE COURSE OF NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE INTYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE
Authors:   “University Medical Center” Corporate Fund, Astana, Kazakhstan, Makhabbat B , Myrzakhmetova G , Seitkasym S , Sailybaeva A , Khamitov S , Oralbekova Z , Daniyarova G
Published: June 2024

Background. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance are common diseases with a high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of disability and death. Our aim is to develop new methods for screening, prevention, and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and impaired glucose tolerance. Methods and methods. This study is single-center, open-label, uncontrolled, diagnostic study. Between 2023 and February 2024, 216 patients with cardiovascular diseases and concomitant non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes, and impaired glucose tolerance were selected at Heart Center “University Medical Center” Corporate Fund. Results. All examined patients with cardiovascular diseases and concomitant non-alcoholic fatty liver disease showed increased liver enzyme activity. Blood lipid profile indicators were significantly higher than optimal levels for patients with cardiovascular diseases. There was also a significant increase in liver enzymes, C-reactive protein, triglycerides, and lipoproteins in patients with cardiovascular diseases and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease combined with type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance. Conclusion. Liver enzyme activity, C-reactive protein, glucose, and lipid profile analysis showed significant increases in these indicators in patients with cardiovascular diseases and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, especially in the presence of type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance. All examined patients showed increased liver enzyme activity and lipid levels, indicating the impact of these diseases on the liver and metabolism
WHAT SCALES SHOULD THE CARDIOLOGIST USE IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION? WHAT IS NEW?
Authors:   NJSC ", Bizhanov K ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University",   , Almaty, Kazakhstan, Baimbetov A , Baimakhanov B , Kaniev Sh , Ibekenov O , Sarsenbaeva A , Ismailova G ,   NJSC "S.J. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University", Almaty, Kazakhstan,   NEI "Kazakh-Russian Medical University", Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: June 2024

The current treatment algorithm for patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) includes anticoagulation to prevent stroke and systemic embolism, improvement of AF symptom control by heart rate reduction or restoration and maintenance of sinus rhythm, and treatment of cardiovascular and other comorbidities. The evaluation of patients with AF should be structured and include assessment of stroke risk, symptom severity, severity of the AF burden (type of arrhythmia, number and duration of episodes, etc.) and predisposing condition. The use of the CHA2DS2-VASc (risk of stroke), HAS-BLED (risk of bleeding), EHRA (severity of AF symptoms), and 2MACE (risk of cardiovascular outcomes) scales is important to help assess the likelihood of adverse outcomes and select the optimal treatment to protect not only against stroke but also against cardiovascular events. It should be noted that the HAS-BLED scale is primarily necessary for identification of bleeding risk factors, the modification of which allows to increase the safety of anticoagulant therapy, and a high index value according to this scale can’t serve as a reason to refuse anticoagulation in a patient with AF. New scales of stroke and hemorrhagic complications risk assessment in patients with AF on the basis of clinical parameters and laboratory biomarkers have been proposed, but their possible advantages over the existing indices need to be confirmed in special studies
Effect of watering regime and mycorrhizal inoculation on the growth of Baobab (Adansonia digitata)
Authors: Ezekiel Oluwaseyi , Yisau Juliet Atinuke , Aduraola Adegboyega Michael
Published: June 2024

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of watering regime and mycorrhizal inoculation on the growth of Adansonia digitata L. seedlings. Seedlings were inoculated with ectomycorrhizae (M0), endomycorrrhizae (M1), non-inoculated (M2) and subjected to three levels of watering; daily (W0), every other day (W1) and once a week at pot capacity (W2). The experimental design used was split plot experiment where mycorrhizal inoculation was the main plot treatment while watering regime was the subplot treatment. Nine experimental treatments were arranged in a 3×3 factorial experimental design and replicated 5 times. Morphological parameters such as the leaf number, collar diameter, shoot height, shoot weight, root weight as well as physiological parameters such as dry weight, fresh weight, and relative water content were measured. Data obtained were taken fortnightly for a period of 12 weeks and subjected to one-way analysis of variance. The significant mean values were compared and separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test. The result indicated that shoot height (9.13 ± 8.39 cm) was significantly different (p>0.05) when watered once a week. There was no significant difference in seedling relative water content among the treatments. The study suggests that the seedling growth of Adansonia digitata could be enhanced by ectomycorrhizal inoculation and daily watering.
The response of maize to combined application of nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers in the semi-arid conditions of Faisalabad
Authors: Ismail Anum , Saleem Muhammad Abdullah , Shehzad Abid , Iqbal Asif , Ahmed Khan Pakeeza , Ur Rehman Wajeeh , Akram Waqar
Published: June 2024

Changes in climate, development of new hybrids and soil fertility status has influenced nutrient application rates worldwide. A field experiment was carried out to determine the response of maize to combined application of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the semi-arid conditions of Faisalabad. Research was planned at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. The experiment was replicated three times and laid out in randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement keeping a net plot size of 8 m x 3 m. The experiment was comprised of two main factors (i) Nitrogen levels (100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1) and (ii) Phosphorus levels (50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1). Nitrogen doses were kept in main plots, while phosphorous doses in subplots. During experimentation, observations regarding phenology, growth, yield and yield related traits were recorded. Collected data was analysed using Fisher’s analysis of variance technique. MSTAT-C was used for statistical analysis and means were compared at 5% probability level of HSD test. Highest values for parameters were attained where N and P were applied with dose 200 and 150 kg ha-1, respectively. While, minimum values attained where with 100 and 50 kg ha-1 N and P, respectively. Interaction of both remained non-significant.
حق الشفعة لغير المسلم: دراسة مقارنة بين المذاهب الفقهية الإسلامية
Authors: أحمد عبدالخالق محمد
Published: June 2024

يهدف هذا البحث إلى بيان حكم ثبوت الشفعة للمسلم على غير المسلم، ووجوبها لغير المسلم على المسلم، وبيان تأثير اختلاف الدّين للشّريك البائع، أو الشفيع، أو المشتري في ثبوت الشفعة وعدم ثبوتها، وبيان حكم الشفعة للمرتد وأصحاب البدع المكفّرة. اعتمدت الدّراسة كلاً من المناهج: الاستقرائي، والوصفي، والتحليلي؛ وذلك لتتبع أراء الفقهاء وأدلتهم في المسائل محل البحث، وترتيبها ترتيبا زمنياً من الأقدم إلى الأحدث، والقيام بتحليلها ومناقشتها ووضع تصور عام لها من أجل الوصول إلى بيان القول الراجح في الحكم الشرعي لها. بيّنت الدّراسة ثبوت الشفعة للمسلم على المسلم وغيره، وثبوتها لغير المسلم على المسلم وغيره سواء بسواء كالمسلم، وعدم ثبوتها للمرتد وأصحاب البدع المكفّرة، وإمكانية ثبوتها بين أصحاب الملل المختلفة. خلص هذا البحث إلى بعض النتائج المهمة منها: مرونة الفقه الإسلامي في التعامل مع غير المسلمين، وعدالته في المعايير التي يحكم من خلالها تعاملاتهم مع المسلمين وغيرهم، بإثباته الشفعة للشريك، أو الجار، من غير فرق بين المسلم وغيره وأنّه لا شفعة للمرتد وأصحاب البدع المكفرة؛ لعدم إقرارهم على ما هم عليه، وأوصت الدراسة بالتوسع في جانب المقارنة الفقهية والقانونية لهذا الموضوع.
A VARIANT OF BUILDING A FUZZY HELICOPTER AIR COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM BASED ON A LASER SCANNING SYSTEM (LIDAR)
Authors: Замыслов Михаил Александрович , Мальцев Александр Михайлович , Михайленко Сергей Борисович , Тарасов Сергей Васильевич , Штанькова Надежда Викторовна
Published: June 2024

В статье рассматриваются вопросы построения нечеткой вертолетной системы предупреждения столкновений в воздухе с другими летательными аппаратами на основе использования данных, поступающих от бортовой лазерной сканирующей системы (лидара) вертолета. Разработаны алгоритм оценки опасности столкновения вертолетов на основе использования методов нечеткой логики и структурная схема нечеткого контроллера, формирующего информационные сигналы об опасности сближения для комплекса бортового оборудования вертолета. Проведено имитационное моделирования поведения нечеткой системы средствами расширения Simulink. Приводятся некоторые результаты моделирования, подтверждающие работоспособность вертолетной системы предупреждения столкновения, и вариант реализации рассматриваемой нечеткой системы в кодах программ Fuzzy Logic Toolbox.

The article discusses the construction of a fuzzy helicopter system for preventing collisions in the air with other aircraft based on the use of data received from the onboard laser scanning system (lidar) of the helicopter. An algorithm for assessing the danger of a helicopter collision based on the use of fuzzy logic methods and a structural diagram of a fuzzy controller that generates information signals about the danger of approaching for the helicopter's onboard equipment complex have been developed. Simulation modeling of the behavior of a fuzzy system by means of the Simulink extension was carried out. Some simulation results confirming the operability of the helicopter collision avoidance system and a variant of the implementation of the fuzzy system in the codes of the Fuzzy Logic Toolbox programs are presented.
Analisis Daya Tarik Wisata Pendukung Kawasan Gunung Api Purba Nglanggeran, Yogyakarta
Authors: Nuviah Herawati  , Susilo Budi Winarno
Published: June 2024

This study aims to find out supporting activities that arise with the use of the ancient Nglanggeran volcano landscape in the Nglanggeran Village. Nglanggeran tourism village in Yogyakarta has a variety of supporting tourism potential attractions that arises due to the construction of an artificial pond / reservoir. This reservoir is the main capital for the local community to create supporting attractions which are a major complement to the ancient volcanic landscape of Nglanggeran. The emergence of these supporting attractions subsequently becomes a source of profit for the community and especially tourism activities in the region.
Mandatory Arbitration: Why It's Better Than It Looks
Authors: St. Antoine Theodore
Published: June 2024

"Mandatory arbitration" as used here means that employees must agree as a condition of employment to arbitrate all legal disputes with their employer, including statutory claims, rather than take them to court. The Supreme Court has upheld the validity of such agreements on the grounds that they merely provide for a change of forum and not a loss of substantive rights. Opponents contend this wrongfully deprives employees of the right to a jury trial and other statutory procedural benefits. Various empirical studies indicate, however, that employees similarly situated do about as well in arbitration as in court actions, or even better, although successful plaintiffs get larger monetary awards in court. Perhaps most important as a practical matter, lower-paid employees generally cannot get access to court while they can secure a hearing in arbitration. For most such workers, arbitration may be the only realistic option. This Article will conclude that the primary concern should be to ensure due process in mandatory arbitration. That would mean guarantees such as a mutually selected arbitrator, no broad prohibition of class actions, a fair hearing reasonable costs, and the same remedies as provided by any applicable law.
Shu'ubiyya or Security? Preserving Civil Liberties by Limiting FISA Evidence to National Security Prosecutions
Authors: Pollak William
Published: June 2024

Part I of this Note addresses the restrictions on intelligence gathering under FISA prior to 9/11 and the motivations underlying the Patriot Act's revisions to FISA. Part II discusses the problems with the "primary purpose" test, which was in effect prior to the Patriot Act's revisions to FISA. Part III reviews the various policy and constitutional arguments made against the Patriot Act's "significant purpose" test. Part IV proposes that Congress enact a new "inextricably intertwined" test to govern the admission of FISA material in criminal prosecutions. Specifically, this Part looks at sixty criminal cases in which FISA material was admitted and evaluates how the "inextricably intertwined" test would play out in those cases. Part V examines the arguments in favor of the inextricably intertwined test. Finally, Part VI counters the argument that the inextricably intertwined test violates the plain view doctrine.