bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Iterative Health Equity Analyses of Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection (CLABSI) Events at a Pediatric Hospital
Authors: Vaughan-Malloy Ana , Hahn Phillip , Lamagna Paula , Chan Yuen Jenny , Graham Dionne , Ormsby Jennifer
Published: September 2024

Background: Per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, health equity stipulates all have a fair, just opportunity to attain their highest level of health. Limited evidence exists for disparities in health equity and healthcare-associated infections (HAI), with no evidence on language or primary insurance payor. While reviewing quality metrics, a disparity signal in central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) prompted a multidisciplinary deep dive, with iterative analyses to understand potential inequities to identify improvement opportunities. Methods: CLABSI data was stratified and analyzed for evidence of disparity by race/ethnicity, primary insurance payor, and preferred spoken language utilizing an internal methodology. Subsequent analyses included a root cause analysis (RCA), case mix index (CMI) analysis, analysis of CLABSI Kamishibai card (K-card) rounding to monitor maintenance bundle reliability, and comparison of distribution of central venous catheter (CVC) line days to K-card audits [Figure 1]. Chi-square tests were used to test for significant differences for categorical variables in RCA and K-card analyses. ANOVA was used to compare CMI between demographic groups. Multiple logistic regression was used to compare K-card compliance rates by demographic groups. Results: When stratifying CLABSI rate by primary payor, pairwise comparisons indicated patients with a public payor had a statistically higher rate of CLABSI compared to private (p=0.02) [Figure 2A]. RCA analysis revealed when compared to patients with private payors, those with public had significantly higher rates of overdue needless connector changes (p = 0.03) and increased number of daily CVC entries (p = 0.05), while patients speaking another language (p = 0.02) were significantly more likely to have CVC contamination events. CMI analyses on CLABSI cases did not show patient acuity to vary significantly between demographics. Bivariate analysis of K-card data revealed minor differences in reliability with 7 Core Maintenance Bundle Elements by demographics; adjusting for all demographics and accounting for unit, pairwise comparisons indicated public payors had significantly higher compliance than international [Figure 2B]. We found no major differences in demographic distribution of CVC line days compared to K-card audits, suggesting we representatively audit maintenance bundle process measures. Conclusions: Our review of health equity in CLABSI events ultimately led to subsequent questions requiring analysis of other data sets. Utilizing an exploratory approach and assembling a multidisciplinary team to identify potential drivers of identified disparities adds value to health equity analyses. This is the first description of HAI data beyond race and ethnicity and can assist other institutions in their process of evaluating healthcare disparities and HAIs.
Exploring Socioeconomic Disparities in Surgical Site Infections
Authors: Dewitt Michael , Reinke Caroline , Inman Michael , Bischoff Werner , Kester Shelley , Sampson Mindy , Neelakanta Anupama , Passaretti Katie
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Social disparities have been shown to impact a wide variety of healthcare outcomes. Surgical site infections (SSIs) are associated with substantial patient morbidity, but studies on the intersection of social disparity and SSI are limited. We sought to evaluate the association between SSI and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s social vulnerability index (SVI). Methods: Patients with National Health Safety Network (NHSN) procedure codes for colon, abdominal hysterectomy, hip prosthesis, knee prosthesis and spinal fusion surgeries were retrieved from the electronic medical records of 20 hospitals across 4 geographic markets. SSIs were identified by trained infection preventionists using NHSN definitions. Descriptive statistics were used for baseline demographic and clinical characteristics. Univariate logistic regression was performed to assess the association of demographic, clinical, and procedural factors with the outcome of SSI. Further univariate subgroup analysis was completed by procedure. To account for the nonlinear relationship between the social vulnerability index and SSIs, smoothing splines were used in a Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model, with random effects to account for the different market practices. Nonlinear effects of procedure duration were also investigated while adjusting for the patient age, procedure type, and health system market. Results: 23,864 surgical procedures among 22,319 unique patients identified between 1 August 2022 and 31 August 2023. 96 patients with infection present at time of surgery were excluded. The study population was mostly white (74%) and female (65%) (Table 1). Less than 13% of the patients had more than one procedure during this time. In a univariate analysis, we found evidence of market and procedure effects, with colon surgery being associated with the highest odds of SSI. Procedure duration was significantly associated with SSI in both univariate and multivariable models, with a drastic increase in the odds of SSI for procedures > 150 mins. In the multivariable model we found that SVIs lower than 0.4 (95% CI 0.28 to 0.55) are associated with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) < 1. (Figure 1) Conclusions: Our study shows that the relationship of social vulnerability and adverse outcomes is highly complex with nonlinear dynamics at play. After adjusting for procedure type, duration, patient age, gender and health system market the odds of SSIs increase sharply in patients with higher SVI until leveling off at an elevated risk.
The Urban Dimensions of Mountain Society in Late-First Millennium bc Italy: Monte Vairano in Samnium
Authors: Scopacasa Rafael
Published: September 2024

The mountain communities of late-first millennium bc Italy have been regarded as non-urban societies that reverted to city life mainly owing to Roman intervention. A growing body of archaeological evidence is uncovering the diversity of settlement forms and dynamics in the region's pre-Roman past, which included sites encompassing a range of functions and social agents. This article presents an in-depth, microscale analysis of one such site, Monte Vairano in Samnium, drawing on perspectives from comparative urbanism. Monte Vairano developed urban characteristics such as a complex socioeconomic profile and political cohesion, as well as potentially more unique features such as an apparently balanced distribution of wealth. These results can shed further light on the diversity of ancient urbanization and its sociopolitical implications in late-first millennium bc Italy and the Mediterranean.
Exploring canyons beneath Devon Ice Cap for sub-glacial drainage using radar and thermodynamic modeling
Authors: Pierce Chris , Skidmore Mark , Beem Lucas , Blankenship Don , Adams Ed , Gerekos Christopher
Published: September 2024

Sub-glacial canyon features up to 580 m deep between flat terraces were identified beneath Devon Ice Cap during a 2023 radar echo sounding (RES) survey. The largest canyon connects a hypothesized brine network near the Devon Ice Cap summit with the marine-terminating Sverdrup outlet glacier. This canyon represents a probable drainage route for the hypothesized water system. Radar bed reflectivity is consistently 30 dB lower along the canyon floor than on the terraces, contradicting the signature expected for sub-glacial water. We compare these data with backscattering simulations to demonstrate that the reflectivity pattern may be topographically induced. Our simulated results indicated a 10 m wide canal-like water feature is unlikely along the canyon floor, but smaller features may be difficult to detect via RES. We calculated basal temperature profiles using a 2D finite difference method and found the floor may be up to 18°C warmer than the terraces. However, temperatures remain below the pressure melting point, and there is limited evidence that the canyon floor supports a connected drainage system between the DIC summit and Sverdrup Glacier. The terrain beneath Devon Ice Cap demonstrates limitations for RES. Future studies should evaluate additional correction methods near complex terrain, such as RES simulation as we demonstrate here.
Implications of high-resolution velocity and strain rate observations for modelling of Greenlandic tidewater glaciers
Authors: Fahrner Dominik , González Pablo J. , Mair Douglas W. F. , Lea James M.
Published: September 2024

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has been used extensively to determine the surface ice flow velocity of tidewater glaciers and investigate changes in seasonal or annual ice dynamics at medium spatial resolution (⩾100 m). However, assessing tidewater glacier behaviour at these resolutions risks missing key details of glacier dynamics, which is particularly important for determination of strain rates that relate to crevasse formation, depth, and ice damage. Here we present surface ice velocity and strain maps with a 16 m posting derived from high-resolution (1 m) PAZ Ciencia spotlight mode SAR imagery for Narsap Sermia, SW Greenland, for October 2019 to February 2021. Results reveal fine details in strain rate, including an area of compression proximal to the terminus, with an upstream shift of strains through time. The velocity evolution of Narsap Sermia shows distinct seasonal changes starting in summer 2020, which are largely modulated by the subglacial drainage system. Comparison of our results with medium-resolution velocity products shows that while these can capture general strain and velocity patterns, our high-resolution data reveals considerably larger ranges of strain values. This is likely to have implications for tuning strain rate dependent calving and ice damage parameterisations within numerical models.
A non-homogeneous alternating renewal process model for interval censoring
Authors: van Lieshout M. N. M. , Markwitz R. L.
Published: September 2024

Previous approaches to modelling interval-censored data have often relied on assumptions of homogeneity in the sense that the censoring mechanism, the underlying distribution of occurrence times, or both, are assumed to be time-invariant. In this work, we introduce a model which allows for non-homogeneous behaviour in both cases. In particular, we outline a censoring mechanism based on a non-homogeneous alternating renewal process in which interval generation is assumed to be time-dependent, and we propose a Markov point process model for the underlying occurrence time distribution. We prove the existence of this process and derive the conditional distribution of the occurrence times given the intervals. We provide a framework within which the process can be accurately modelled, and subsequently compare our model to the homogeneous approach through a number of illustrative examples.
Association between frequency of using ready-made meals or eating out during pregnancy and postpartum depression among community-dwelling pregnant women: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Kobayashi Tohru , Kojima Reiji , Okada Emiko
Published: September 2024

The association between the frequency of eating ready-made meals (RMM) or eating out (EO) during pregnancy and postpartum depression remains unclear. We aimed to explore the association between the frequency of RMM or EO use during pregnancy and the incidence of postpartum depression. This study included 639 community-dwelling pregnant women who were recruited between 2019 and 2022. Data on the frequency of RMM and EO use, as well as sociodemographic, economic and lifestyle factors, were obtained using self-administered questionnaires. Data on dietary intake were obtained using a validated brief self-administered diet history questionnaire. Postpartum depression was assessed using the Japanese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). The incidence of postpartum depression (EPDS score of ≥9) based on the frequency of RMM or EO use was analysed using multiple logistic regression analysis. After adjusting for potential confounders, there was limited evidence suggesting an association between consuming RMM 3 times/week or more and the likelihood of experiencing postpartum depression, with an adjusted OR (aOR) and 95 % CI (95 % CI) of 4·16 and 1·68–10·27 (Pfor trend = 0·017) compared with consuming RMM less than 1 time/week. There was no evidence for an association between consuming EO 3 times/week or more and postpartum depression (aOR: 1·20, 95 % CI: 0·14, 10·04 and Pfor trend = 0·283). Accordingly, the present study presented weak evidence of an association between RMM and postpartum depression. Further studies with large and diverse samples are needed to overcome any potential selection bias.
PARENTAL DUTIES OF NON-DISCRIMINATION AND THE SCOPE OF ANTI-DISCRIMINATION LAW
Authors: Campbell Colin , Emerton Patrick
Published: September 2024

Parents’ discrimination against their children is lawful. But the family, as an institution in which social goods are allocated, is as significant as the sites in which anti-discrimination law operates. At least prima facie, therefore, parents should be governed by legal prohibitions on discrimination. While state incursion into family life poses a threat to children’s autonomy, so does parental discrimination against children. Anti-discrimination law therefore needs new institutions to promote the values of non-discrimination in a part of society that currently sits outside anti-discrimination law’s reach. We identify existing regimes that may provide a starting point for this work.
‘Lost & Found’ or ‘Requiem for the new Mozambican man’: Musicking transition from a socialist single-party to a capitalist multiparty system (1987–1994)
Authors: Freitas Marco Roque De
Published: September 2024

This article examines the transformations in musical activity in Mozambique between 1987 and 1994, a period marked by the transition from a socialist single-party to a capitalist multiparty system. Drawing on data from articles published in local newspapers and complemented by interviews with key individuals, this study focuses on three pivotal domains of musical activity: radio broadcasting, the phonographic industry and entertainment industries. It aims to clarify the importance of musicking activities in reflecting the cultural, social and economic transformations that occurred in Mozambique, particularly in the capital city Maputo, as well as the decline of the ‘new Mozambican man’ cultural project. It also delves into various topics, including the production shift from vinyl records to cassettes, the invitation of international artists as a symbol of ‘openness’ to capitalist countries and the broader revisions made to broadcasting and phonographic publishing policies.
Study of a global calibration method for a planar parallel robot mechanism considering joint error
Authors: Zhang Qinghua , Yu Huaming , Xie Lingbo , Lu Qinghua , Chen Weilin
Published: September 2024

In order to improve the positioning accuracy of industrial robots, this paper proposes a global calibration method for planar parallel robot considering joint errors, which solves the problem that the existing calibration methods only consider part of the error sources and the calibration accuracy is poor, and improves the calibration efficiency and robot positioning accuracy. Consequently, it improves calibration efficiency and the overall precision of robot positioning. Firstly, the error model of overdetermined equations combined with structural parameters is established, and the global sensitivity of each error source is analyzed. Based on the measurement data of laser tracker, the local error source is identified by the least square method, which improves the local error accuracy by 88.6%. Then, a global error spatial interpolation method based on inverse distance weighting method is proposed, and the global accuracy is improved by 59.16%. Finally, the radial basis function neural network error prediction model with strong nonlinear approximation function is designed for global calibration, and the accuracy is improved by 63.05%. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. This study not only provides technical support for the engineering application of this experimental platform but also provides theoretical guidance for the improvement of the accuracy of related robot platforms.
On Saving One's Soul
Authors: Blenkinsopp Joseph
Published: September 2024

The oldest biblical view of man, that which is contained in the
corpus put together towards the end of
Solomon's reign or the early period of the divided monarchy, brings out with
a concrete and satisfying amplitude of vision arid with compelling images a
profound intuition into the ambiguous position which man holds in the
hierarchy of nature, to which he certainly belongs but which he in part
transcends; he is an animal, but he is also ‘just a little lower than the
elohim.’ Yahweh God made him out of clay and
breathed into his nostrils the breath of Life. He thus became a ‘living
soul’ - nefesh hayyah. The word which is usually
translated ‘soul’ seems to have been primitively connected with breathing,
as also was ‘spirit’ - both words in Hebrew and cognate languages started
off with the meaning ‘throat'.
Blessed John Columbini
Authors: Felicity
Published: September 2024

Very few women can claim to have converted their husbands by being late
with dinner but Biagia Ceretani, the wife of John Columbini, is one of them.
John Columbini was born in Siena about 1304, and at the time of his marriage
was a successful merchant. He was, it seems, intent only on increasing his
worldly goods, ambitious, close-fisted and choleric. His biographers say
that he gave way to bad temper without scruple though there is no evidence
that he did anything more violent than ‘turn the air blue'.

One day he came home after a busy morning, tired and hungry, to an
unlaid table and a meal half-prepared. Very naturally he ‘blew his top’ as
the saying goes. Biagia, hoping to distract him, thrust a volume of saints’
lives upon him and more naturally still, her husband flung it on the
floor.
The Teaching and Spirituality of the Epistle to the Hebrews
Authors: Jambois M.S. Leon
Published: September 2024

In the Epistle to the Hebrews, the Christian life is seen in terms of
the biblical theme of exodus or migration. It is
a theme recalling the life of the patriarchs and the generation contemporary
with Moses in the desert. The spirituality of the Psalms is steeped in it.
The life of the pious Jew is an upward movement towards him who is
pre-eminently ‘the Holy One', ‘the Holy One of Israel'. The first stage in
this upward movement is marked by God's revelation of himself. This gives
rise to faith, the initial movement towards the Most High. Faith calls for
faithfulness, which is impossible without renunciation and which will
improve in quality and merit with resistance to trials. The man who is not
put out or discouraged by these will be confirmed in his faith and
faithfulness.
The Nature Of Sanctity
Authors: Cartmell J .
Published: September 2024

In her autobiography Margery Kempe reports our Lord as saying to ‘this
creature’ (herself): ‘Fasting, Daughter, is good for young beginners, and
discreet penance, and for to bid many beads, it is good for them that can no
better do, and yet it is not perfect. But it is a good way to
perfectionward. For I tell thee, Daughter, that they that are great fasters
and great doers of penance they would that it should be held the best life;
also they that give themselves to say many devotions, they would have it
that that is the best life; and they that give much alms, they would that
there held the best life. And I have oftentimes, Daughter, told thee that
thinking, weeping and high contemplation is best life in earth. And thou
shalt have more merit in heaven for one year of thinking in thy mind, than
for an hundred year of praying with thy mouth, and yet thou wilt not believe
me, for thou wilt many beads whether I will or
not.'2
A Vow Of Chastity
Authors: Woman A Lay
Published: September 2024

Tonight I am so tired that I don't know whether I'll be able to write
anything about the vow of chastity at all. However, if His Majesty wills it,
something will be written. The joy and peace of these past days since May
4th have been wonderful. I wake up every morning with happiness at the
thought of it—of this precious promise between Jesus and me. And then I go
to Mass and I am tired and almost fall asleep, and I am sorry that he has a
bride who can pay so little attention to him. But he has willed it to be so.
He has chosen me… .

To write about this vow is difficult because my appreciation of it is
limited; it is difficult, too, because I cannot write of it without writing
about everything else—about my whole relationship with God, about the marvel
of his love for me. I cannot think of chastity without thinking of
charity.
Systematic prioritization of functional variants and effector genes underlying colorectal cancer risk
Authors: Law Philip J. , Studd James , Smith James , Vijayakrishnan Jayaram , Harris Bradley T. , Mandelia Maria , Mills Charlie , Dunlop Malcolm G. , Houlston Richard S.
Published: September 2024

Genome-wide association studies of colorectal cancer (CRC) have identified 170 autosomal risk loci. However, for most of these, the functional variants and their target genes are unknown. Here, we perform statistical fine-mapping incorporating tissue-specific epigenetic annotations and massively parallel reporter assays to systematically prioritize functional variants for each CRC risk locus. We identify plausible causal variants for the 170 risk loci, with a single variant for 40. We link these variants to 208 target genes by analyzing colon-specific quantitative trait loci and implementing the activity-by-contact model, which integrates epigenomic features and Micro-C data, to predict enhancer–gene connections. By deciphering CRC risk loci, we identify direct links between risk variants and target genes, providing further insight into the molecular basis of CRC susceptibility and highlighting potential pharmaceutical targets for prevention and treatment.
The up-regulation of SYNCRIP promotes the proliferation and tumorigenesis via DNMT3A/p16 in colorectal cancer
Authors: Li Chenglong , Lu Tailiang , Chen Hongxi , Yu Zhige , Chen Chaowu
Published: September 2024

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs), a group of proteins that control gene expression, have been implicated in many post-transcriptional processes. SYNCRIP (also known as hnRNP Q), a subtype of hnRNPs, has been reported to be involved in mRNA splicing and translation. In addition, the deregulation of SYNCRIP was found in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the role of SYNCRIP in regulating CRC growth remains largely unknown. Here, we found that SYNCRIP was highly expressed in colorectal cancer by analyzing TCGA and GEPIA database. Furthermore, we confirmed the expression of SYNCRIP expression in CRC tumor and CRC cell lines. Functionally, SYNCRIP depletion using shRNA in CRC cell lines (SW480 and HCT 116) resulted in increased caspase3/7 activity and decreased cell proliferation, as well as migration. Meanwhile, overexpression of SYNCRIP showed opposite results. Mechanistically, SYNCRIP regulated the expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) 3A, but not DNMT1 or DNMT3B, which affected the expression of tumor suppressor, p16. More importantly, our in vivo experiments showed that SYNCRIP depletion significantly inhibited colorectal tumor growth. Taken all together, our results suggest SYNCRIP as a potent therapeutic target in colorectal cancer.
Negative online news articles are shared more to social media
Authors: Watson Joe , van der Linden Sander , Watson Michael , Stillwell David
Published: September 2024

Prior research demonstrates that news-related social media posts using negative language are re-posted more, rewarding users who produce negative content. We investigate whether negative material from external news sites is also introduced to social media through more user posts, offering comparable incentives for journalists to adopt a negative tone. Data from four US and UK news sites (95,282 articles) and two social media platforms (579,182,075 posts on Facebook and Twitter, now X) show social media users are 1.91 times more likely to share links to negative news articles. The impact of negativity varies by news site and social media platform and, for political articles, is moderated by topic focus, with users showing a greater inclination to share negative articles referring to opposing political groups. Additionally, negativity amplifies news dissemination on social media to a greater extent when accounting for the re-sharing of user posts containing article links. These findings suggest a higher prevalence of negatively toned articles on Facebook and Twitter compared to online news sites. Further, should journalists respond to the incentives created by the heightened sharing of negative articles to social media platforms, this could even increase negative news exposure for those who do not use social media.
Whole-sporozoite malaria vaccines: where we are, where we are going
Authors: Moita Diana , Prudêncio Miguel
Published: September 2024

The malaria vaccination landscape has seen significant advancements with the recent endorsement of RTS,S/AS01 and R21/Matrix-M vaccines, which target the pre-erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) infection. However, several challenges remain to be addressed, including the incomplete protection afforded by these vaccines, their dependence on a single Pf antigen, and the fact that they were not designed to protect against P. vivax (Pv) malaria. Injectable formulations of whole-sporozoite (WSpz) malaria vaccines offer a promising alternative to existing subunit vaccines, with recent developments including genetically engineered parasites and optimized administration regimens. Clinical evaluations demonstrate varying efficacy, influenced by factors, such as immune status, prior exposure to malaria, and age. Despite significant progress, a few hurdles persist in vaccine production, deployment, and efficacy in malaria-endemic regions, particularly in children. Concurrently, transgenic parasites expressing Pv antigens emerge as potential solutions for PvWSpz vaccine development. Ongoing clinical studies and advancements in vaccine technology, including the recently described PfSPZ-LARC2 candidate, signify a hopeful future for WSpz malaria vaccines, which hold great promise in the global fight against malaria.
Synthetic Strategies to Improve the Magnetic Properties of Exchange-coupled Nanoheterostructures
Authors: Muzzi B. , Sangregorio C.
Published: September 2024

The development of advanced synthetic strategies to produce novel materials with improved or peculiar magnetic properties has been the focus of intense research in the last decade due to their applications in fundamental science and for the tremendous impact these features might have in several technological fields, ranging from biomedicine to the rare-earth-free permanent magnets. In this chapter, three promising strategies aimed at enhancing the performance of quasi-zero-dimensional conventional iron-based spinel ferrites are reported. In the first part, hybrid nanocomposites (exchange-spring magnets) obtained by a two-step, one-pot method are discussed, highlighting the key role of the chosen method in obtaining effective exchange coupling through the interface of hard and soft magnetic phases. In addition, exchange-coupledantiferromagnetic@ferr(i)magnetic nanoparticles doped with several divalent cations (Co(II) and Ni(II)) are explored. Interestingly, the combination of the coupling of magnetic components endowed with complementary properties and their double doping can lead to room-temperature exchange bias magnets with high intrinsic magnetic anisotropy. On the other hand, defect engineering has recently been proposed as an effective approach for inducing magnetic features, such as exchange bias, in standard spinel ferrites, which cannot be otherwise observed when the same nanomaterials are obtained by standard techniques, expanding their potential applications in various fields.
Antiviral Activity of Iron Oxide and Iron Oxyhydroxide Nanoparticles with a Focus on Respiratory Influenza and Coronavirus Infections
Authors: DeDiego Marta L. , Portilla Yadileiny , López-García Darío , Daviu Neus , Vázquez-Utrilla Paula , Gallo-Cordova Álvaro , Morales M. Puerto , Barber Domingo F.
Published: September 2024

Pandemics caused by viral infection have become more frequent in the last twenty years, many due to respiratory viruses, such as the most recent Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. One of the lessons we have learned from these pandemics is the need for a first line of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs to alleviate the most severe symptoms of viral infections, while specific vaccines or antiviral agents are being developed, which usually takes some time. Iron oxide nanoparticles have to date been used as contrast or anti-anaemic agents, but they could serve as broad-spectrum antivirals against respiratory viruses, as seen in different studies. In this chapter, we will look at respiratory viruses, mainly influenza and coronaviruses, and the main antiviral agents currently used; define the nature of iron oxide and iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticles and summarize the effects they have on cells and how these effects might drive their antiviral activity.
Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Diamond Quantum Sensing
Authors: Wang Ning
Published: September 2024

Magnetic nanoparticles have wide applications in various fields, e.g., magnetic recording in information science, magnetic resonance imaging, and magnetic therapy in bio-medicine. In this chapter, we will review recent applications of magnetic nanoparticles or magnetic complexes in the cutting-edge field of quantum sensing, especially in hybrid quantum sensing. Quantum sensing is a quantum technology for ultrasensitive detection, which is particularly useful for sensing weak signals at the nanoscale. The quantum systems that offer unprecedented sensitivity, resolution, and/or flexibility include superconducting qubits, defect centers in solids, atomic vapors, cold atoms, and so on. Usually, they have spin properties and possess excellent magnetic-field sensitivity; but they are insensitive to temperature, electric field, pressure, etc., and even immune to some bio-parameters (e.g., pH and glucose concentration). Recently, hybrid quantum sensing has offered new possibilities. By converting the insensitive or immune parameters into magnetic signals, the range of detectable parameters of quantum sensing can be broadened significantly. In this chapter, we first give a brief introduction to diamond quantum sensing, then review the applications of magnetic nanoparticles or magnetic complexes in diamond quantum sensing and nano-magnetism, and finally, discuss the potential applications and challenges for hybrid diamond quantum sensing.
A silicon-based functional self-assembled aptasensor for the detection of aflatoxin B1 by SERS sensing
Authors: Guo Zhiming , Fu Xuan , Zhou Ruiyun , Zhang Yang , El-Seedi Hesham , Watson Nicholas , Zou Xiaobo , Povey Megan
Published: September 2024

A silicon-based functionalized self-assembled noble metal nanocomposite SERS aptasensor was proposed for the quantitative detection of AFB1.
Facile interconversion of mesitylcopper into a CuMes–Cu2bis(amidinate) triangle and a tetracuprous Möbius strip
Authors: Dowling Keri , Kruczyński Tomasz , Dutta Sanjay , Le D. P. Ngan , Gozem Samer , McMillen Colin D. , Bhuvanesh Nattamai , Stollenz Michael
Published: September 2024

A rare cuprous triangle featuring a reactive organocopper site is captured by a new flexible bis(amidinate) ligand from the oligomeric mesitylcopper framework and interconverts with another equivalent of ligand into a tetracuprous Möbius strip.
Solvent-assisted mechanochemical crystallization of the metal-free perovskite solid solution (H2dabco, H2hmta)NH4(BF4)3
Authors: Moriguchi Jumpei , Koga Tomoe , Tsunoji Nao , Nishihara Sadafumi , Akutagawa Tomoyuki , Masuya-Suzuki Atsuko , Tsunashima Ryo
Published: September 2024

Solid solutions of the metal-free perovskite (H2dabco1−y, H2hmtay)(NH4)(BF4)3 ((d,h)-BF4) were crystallized by a mechanochemical method.
Strain evolution from the ferroelectric to the relaxor state in (0.67 − x)BiFeO3–0.33BaTiO3–xBi(Mg0.5Zr0.5)O3 lead-free ceramics
Authors: Feng Jiaqing , Zhang Yiting , Song Xilong , Liu Zixin , Liao Chen , Zhao Lin , Wu Bo , Tao Hong , Ma Jian
Published: September 2024

Enhanced strain and improved temperature stability of BF–BT ceramics with the ferroelectric state with appropriate relaxor characteristics due to domain switching with elevated dopants and enlarged polarization with increasing temperature.
Investigation of excited states of BODIPY derivatives and non-orthogonal dimers from the perspective of singlet fission
Authors: Goyal Sophiya , Reddy S. Rajagopala
Published: September 2024

We report state of the art electronic structure calculations RICC2 and XMCQDPT of BODIPY nonorthogonal dimers to understand the photophysical processes from intramolecular singlet fission (iSF) perspective.
Designing a multifunctional AIE-active fluorescent Schiff base probe: sensitive heavy metal ion recognition and water-induced aggregation
Authors: Heena  , Naithani Sudhanshu , Sangeeta  , Guchhait Biswajit , Goswami Tapas , Kumar Sushil
Published: September 2024

A Schiff base probe AnQn is demonstrated for selective chromofluorogenic recognition of Al3+/Ga3+ ions. AnQn exhibited AIE behavior in semi-aqueous medium to give highly fluorescent aggregates which were utilized to detect Pd2+ and picric acid.
Incorporation of green synthesized ZnO with the support of rGO sheets into PVDF membranes to improve their filtration and antifouling properties for wastewater treatment
Authors: Agrawal Ankush , Saini Nishel , Awasthi Kamlendra , Awasthi Anjali
Published: September 2024

A rGO/ZnO nanocomposite membrane had excellent filtration properties with good antifouling behaviour.
Deep learning-assisted inverse design of metasurfaces for active color image tuning
Authors: Weng Qiang , Bao Yanjun
Published: September 2024

We demonstrate active color image tuning, enabling the designed metasurface to display independent composite color images in different environments.
A silver cluster-assembled material as a matrix for enzyme immobilization towards a highly efficient biocatalyst
Authors: Sakai Jin , Sasaki Kohki , Nakatani Riki , Das Saikat , Negishi Yuichi
Published: September 2024

This study reports the designed construction of a novel (3,6)-connected two-dimensional silver cluster-assembled material leveraged, for the first time, as a support matrix for enzyme immobilization.
A stereodivergent multicomponent approach for the synthesis of C–N atropisomeric peptide analogues
Authors: Roper Natalie J. , Campbell Aaron D. G. , Waddell Paul G. , Brown Alistair K. , Ermanis Kristaps , Armstrong Roly J.
Published: September 2024

Four-component reactions at room temperature delivered C–N atropisomeric peptide analogues possessing both central and axial chirality with complete diastereocontrol. Reactions at elevated temperature selectively afforded the other diastereoisomer.
Effective electrochemical water oxidation to H2O2 based on a bimetallic Fe/Co metal–organic framework
Authors: Liu Kunpeng , Wang Xu , Wang Nan , Zhang Ruiyong , Yang Meinan , Hou Baorong , Sand Wolfgang
Published: September 2024

A bimetallic Fe/Co metal–organic framework exhibits high-efficiency catalysis for electrochemical two-electron water oxidation reaction to produce hydrogen peroxide.
Autoencoder imputation of missing heterogeneous data for Alzheimer's disease classification
Authors: Haridas Namitha Thalekkara , Sanchez‐Bornot Jose M. , McClean Paula L. , Wong‐Lin KongFatt ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)
Published: September 2024

Missing Alzheimer's disease (AD) data is prevalent and poses significant challenges for AD diagnosis. Previous studies have explored various data imputation approaches on AD data, but the systematic evaluation of deep learning algorithms for imputing heterogeneous and comprehensive AD data is limited. This study investigates the efficacy of denoising autoencoder‐based imputation of missing key features of heterogeneous data that comprised tau‐PET, MRI, cognitive and functional assessments, genotype, sociodemographic, and medical history. The authors focused on extreme (≥40%) missing at random of key features which depend on AD progression; identified as the history of a mother having AD, APoE ε4 alleles, and clinical dementia rating. Along with features selected using traditional feature selection methods, latent features extracted from the denoising autoencoder are incorporated for subsequent classification. Using random forest classification with 10‐fold cross‐validation, robust AD predictive performance of imputed datasets (accuracy: 79%–85%; precision: 71%–85%) across missingness levels, and high recall values with 40% missingness are found. Further, the feature‐selected dataset using feature selection methods, including autoencoder, demonstrated higher classification score than that of the original complete dataset. These results highlight the effectiveness and robustness of autoencoder in imputing crucial information for reliable AD prediction in AI‐based clinical decision support systems.
A multi‐objective optimization model for RSU deployment in intelligent expressways based on traffic adaptability
Authors: Deng Xiaorong , Liang Yanping , Luo Dongyu , Wang Jiangfeng , Yan Xuedong , Duan Jinxiao
Published: September 2024

The intelligent expressway exemplifies a prominent application of intelligent transportation systems. Roadside units (RSUs), strategically deployed alongside roadways, serve as pivotal infrastructure in facilitating interactions within intelligent expressways. A well‐planned RSU deployment strategy is crucial for enhancing service quality, it necessitates balancing performance improvements with significant financial costs due to the limited transmission range and high deployment expenses of RSUs. To tackle these challenges, an adaptive approach for RSU deployment is proposed, which takes into account economic feasibility, service requirements, and dynamic traffic demands. A traffic adaptability‐based RSU deployment (TARD) model, which integrates factors such as deployment cost, the effectiveness of information coverage, road network topology, and traffic flow characteristics have been devised. The TARD aims to minimize deployment expenses while maximizing the benefits of information coverage and alignment with road traffic demands. The Non‐dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA‐II) is employed to solve this optimization model. To validate its efficacy, simulations are conducted on the G2 expressway in Shandong Province, China, demonstrating the superior performance of the TARD compared to three other deployment strategies. Ablation experiments further underscore the critical role of tunnel deployments and comprehensive coverage along long sections in bolstering network connectivity and elevating service quality.
Photoevaporation of protoplanetary discs with PLUTO+PRIZMO
Authors: Sellek A. D. , Grassi T. , Picogna G. , Rab Ch. , Clarke C. J. , Ercolano B.
Published: September 2024

Context. Photoevaporation is an important process for protoplanetary disc dispersal, but there has so far been a lack of consensus from simulations over the mass-loss rates and the most important part of the high-energy spectrum involved in driving the wind.

Aims. We aim to isolate the origins of these discrepancies through carefully benchmarked hydrodynamic simulations of X-ray photoevaporation with time-dependent thermochemistry calculated on the fly.

Methods. We conducted hydrodynamic simulations with PLUTO where the thermochemistry is calculated using PRIZMO. We explored the contribution of certain key microphysical processes and the impact of employing different spectra previously used in literature studies.

Results. We find that additional cooling results from the excitation of O by neutral H, which leads to dramatically reduced mass-loss across the disc compared to previous X-ray photoevaporation models, with an integrated rate of ~10−9 M⊙ yr−1. Such rates would allow for longer-lived discs than previously expected from population synthesis. An alternative spectrum with less soft X-ray produces mass-loss rates around a factor of two to three times lower. The chemistry is significantly out of equilibrium, with the survival of H2 into the wind being aided by advection. This leads to H2 becoming the dominant coolant at 10s au, thus stabilising a larger radial temperature gradient across the wind as well as providing a possible wind tracer.
A machine learning framework to generate star cluster realisations
Authors: Prodan George P. , Pasquato Mario , Iorio Giuliano , Ballone Alessandro , Torniamenti Stefano , Di Carlo Ugo Niccolò , Mapelli Michela
Published: September 2024

Context. Computational astronomy has reached the stage where running a gravitational N-body simulation of a stellar system, such as a Milky Way star cluster, is computationally feasible, but a major limiting factor that remains is the ability to set up physically realistic initial conditions.

Aims. We aim to obtain realistic initial conditions for N-body simulations by taking advantage of machine learning, with emphasis on reproducing small-scale interstellar distance distributions.

Methods. The computational bottleneck for obtaining such distance distributions is the hydrodynamics of star formation, which ultimately determine the features of the stars, including positions, velocities, and masses. To mitigate this issue, we introduce a new method for sampling physically realistic initial conditions from a limited set of simulations using Gaussian processes.

Results. We evaluated the resulting sets of initial conditions based on whether they meet tests for physical realism. We find that direct sampling based on the learned distribution of the star features fails to reproduce binary systems. Consequently, we show that physics-informed sampling algorithms solve this issue, as they are capable of generating realisations closer to reality.
First Solar Orbiter observation of a dark halo in the solar atmosphere
Authors: Lezzi S. M. , Long D. M. , Andretta V. , Baker D. , Dolliou A. , Murabito M. , Parenti S. , Zambrana Prado N.
Published: September 2024

Context. Solar active regions (ARs) are often surrounded by dark large areas of reduced emission compared to the quiet Sun, observed at various wavelengths corresponding to the chromosphere, transition region (TR), and corona, known as dark halos (DHs). The mechanisms behind the darker emission of DHs remain unclear and merit a wider scope of study.

Aims. This study aims to investigate for the first time the fine structure of a DH observed by the EUV High Resolution Imager (HRIEUV) on board the ESA’s Solar Orbiter (SO) mission and its appearance in the TR.

Aims. We utilized the extensive 1 hour dataset from SO on 19 March 2022, which includes high-resolution observations of NOAA 12967 and part of the surrounding DH. We analyzed the dynamics of the HRIEUV DH fine structure and its appearance in the HRILyα image. We also analyzed the Spectral Imaging of the Coronal Environment (SPICE) Lyβ, C III, N VI, O VI, and Ne VIII lines, which sample the TR in the log T(K) ∼ 4.0–5.8 range. This analysis was complemented with a simultaneous BLOS magnetogram taken by the High Resolution Telescope (HRT).

Methods. We report the presence of a peculiar fine structure that has not been observed for the quiet Sun. It is characterized by combined bright EUV bundles and dark regions, arranged and interconnected in such a way that they cannot be clearly separated. They form a spatial continuum extending approximately radially from the AR core, suggesting a deep connection between the DH and the AR. Additionally, we find that the bright EUV bundles are observed in all the SPICE TR lines and the HRILyα band and present photospheric BLOS footprints in the HRT magnetogram. This spatial correlation indicates that the origin of the 174 Å DH may lie in the low atmosphere: the photosphere and chromosphere.
Activity and adsorption behavior of oxygen on rutile TiO2(110)
Authors: Sun Rulin , Liu Xinlu , Li Fangliang , Che Li
Published: September 2024

The activity and adsorption behavior of oxygen on rutile TiO2(110) (RTiO2(110)) were investigated using the temperature programmed desorption (TPD) method with methanol (CH3OH) as the probe molecule. By controlling the coverage of molecular O2 on the surface via increasing or decreasing O2 exposure, two chemisorbed O2 species on the surface are confirmed, one at the bridging oxygen vacancy (OV) site (O22-/Ov) and the other at the five-fold coordinated titanium (Ti5c) site (O22--/Ti5c). At low O2 exposure, O22--/OV is the main species on the surface, which only leads to the O–H bond cleavage of CH3OH, producing methoxy groups (CH3O). However, after the OV sites are nearly filled by O2 at about 0.1 L O2 exposure, O2/Ti5c species begins to appear on R-TiO2(110) surface, resulting in the formation of formaldehyde (CH2O) via the reaction of O2/Ti5c species with CH3OH or CH3O to break the C-H bond at low surface temperature. Moreover, the yield of CH2O increases linearly with that of H2O. In addition, when the 1 L O2 covered surface is irradiated with 355 nm UV irradiation to desorb and dissociate O2/Ti5c species, the yield of CH2O decreases linearly with that of H2O. Further analysis suggests that the charge state of O2/Ti5c may not change as the exposure of O2 changes on the R-TiO2(110) surface, and O2 is most likely to adsorb on the Ti5c sites in the form of O22-, not O2−. The result not only advances our understanding on the adsorption state of O2 on TiO2, but also provides clues for low temperature C–H bond activation with O2 on TiO2.
A compact and open-source microcontroller-based rapid auto-alignment system
Authors: Geng Yanda , Tsidilkovski Alan , Weber Kevin , Mukherjee Shouvik , Restelli Alessandro , Subhankar Sarthak
Published: September 2024

Maintaining stable and precise alignment of a laser beam is crucial in many optical setups. In this work, we present a microcontroller-based rapid auto-alignment system that detects and corrects for drifts in a laser beam trajectory using a pair of two-dimensional duo-lateral position sensing detectors (PSDs) and a pair of mirror mounts with piezoelectric actuators. We develop hardware and software for interfacing with the PSDs and for controlling the motion of the piezoelectric mirror mounts. Our auto-alignment strategy—implemented as a state machine on the microcontroller by a real-time operating system kernel from FreeRTOS—is based on a simple linearized geometrical optical model. We benchmark our system using the standard case of coupling laser light efficiently into the guided mode of a single-mode fiber optic patch cable. We can recover the maximum fiber coupling efficiency in ∼10 seconds, even for a laser beam misaligned to the point of zero fiber coupling efficiency.