bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Invariant Tori for a Two-Dimensional Completely Resonant Beam Equation with a Quintic Nonlinear Term
Authors: Zhang Min , Hu Zhe , Chen Yonggang
Published: October 2022

This paper focuses on a two-dimensional completely resonant beam equation with a quintic nonlinear term. This means studying

u

t
t

+

Δ

2

u
+
ε
f

u

=
0
,
x
∈

T

2

,
t
∈
ℝ

, under periodic boundary conditions, where

ε

is a small positive parameter and

f

u

is a real analytic odd function of the form

f

u

=

f

5

u

5

+

∑

i
^

≥
3

f

2

i
^

+
1

u

2

i
∧

+
1

,

f

5

≠
0
.

It is proved that the equation admits small-amplitude, Whitney smooth, linearly stable quasiperiodic solutions on the phase-flow invariant subspace

ℤ

†

2

=

r
=

r

1

,

r

2

,

r

1

∈
4
ℤ
−
1
,

r

2

∈
4
ℤ

. Firstly, the corresponding Hamiltonian system of the equation is transformed into an angle-dependent block-diagonal normal form by using symplectic transformation, which can be achieved by selecting the appropriate tangential position. Finally, the existence of a class of invariant tori is proved, which implies the existence of quasiperiodic solutions for most values of frequency vector by an abstract KAM (Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser) theorem for infinite dimensional Hamiltonian systems.
Study on Antidepressant Emotion Regulation Based on Feedback Analysis of Music Therapy with Brain-Computer Interface
Authors: Sun Mengru
Published: October 2022

In today’s society, people with poor mental ability are prone to neuropsychiatric diseases such as anxiety, ADHD, and depression due to long-term negative emotions. Although conventional Western medicine has certain curative effect, these drugs have significant anticholinergic side effects central toxicity as well as cardiovascular and gastrointestinal side effects which limit their application in the elderly. At present, several antidepressants used in clinic have certain limitations. According to the symptoms of depression, this paper proposes a feedback emotion regulation method of brain-computer interface music therapy. This method uses special music stimulation to regulate the release of inhibiting sex hormones in the body, reduce the influence of negative emotions on the internal environment of the body, and maintain the steady state of the body. In this method, EEG is used as the emotional control signal of depressed patients, and this biological signal is transformed into music that depressed patients can understand, so as to clarify their physiological and psychological state and realize emotional self-regulation by feedback.
Modified High Gain DC-DC Converter with APICs for Microgrid
Authors: Amritha G. , Kanimozhi G. , Mohana Sundaram K. , Natrayan L. , Ramaswamy Kiran
Published: October 2022

This paper proposes a nonisolated high voltage gain DC-DC converter. The active–passive inductor cells (APICs) makes the converter topology expandable, and it also helps in providing a high gain quality at lower duty cycles. The proposed converter is suitable for high gain applications mainly necessitating microgrid as well as integration of renewable energy sources into the existing grid infrastructure. The merits of the converter can be attributed to the ability to achieve high gain and low current stress and switching losses on power electronic switches. The proposed converter is analyzed in both continuous and discontinuous modes of operation, the efficiency is calculated and simulation results substantiate the operation of the converter.
Bio-Functional Potential and Biochemical Properties of Propolis Collected from Different Regions of Balochistan Province of Pakistan
Authors: Akbar Ali , Gul Zareen , Aziz Saliha , Sadiq Muhammad Bilal , Achakzai Jahangir Khan , Saeed Shazia , Chein Su Hlaing , Sher Hassan
Published: October 2022

Propolis is a well-known resinous natural substance collected by honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) from plants exudations. Variations in chemical composition of propolis are due to different sources from which it is collected and change in climate and geographical location. In this study, different propolis samples were collected from different regions of Balochistan and examined for its chemical composition, total phenolics and total flavonoid contents, and antioxidant potential by using DPPH radical scavenging assay and antimicrobial activity. Bioactive components analysis revealed the presence of steroids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, coumarins, cardiac glycosides, quinones, anthraquinones, terpenoids, tannins, and phlobatannins at different levels. The total phenolics contents were ranged from

2.9343
±
1.247

to

6.0216
±
2.873

 mg GAE g-1, and flavonoid contents were found to be

0.1546
±
0.087

to

0.6586
±
0.329

 mg QE g-1, respectively. The antioxidant ability of each extract was analyzed by their concentration having 50% inhibition (

I

C

50

). The propolis sample P3 possessed lower

I

C

50

27.07
±
0.73

 mg mL−1 with higher % inhibition of DPPH radical, and P8 showed lower % inhibition by having

I

C

50

84.43
±
2.07

 mg mL−1. The antibacterial activity of all samples was analyzed against a wide group of bacteria including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumonia and propolis extract (P4) was highly active against Klebsiella pneumoniae with the maximum diameter of zone of inhibition

20.33
±
1.52

 mm, and propolis extract (P3) showed maximum zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli

19.06
±
1.90
,

while propolis extract (P2) was found less active with minimum diameter of zone of inhibition

7.46
±
1.50
 
mm

. The antifungal activity of extract was considered as active against the fungal species. Propolis extract (P3) showed 82% of zone of inhibition against Aspergillus Niger, and propolis extract (P1) was highly active against Aspergillus parasiticus with 80% of zone of inhibition. By comparing the vibration frequencies in wave numbers of the sample spectrograph acquired from an FTIR spectrophotometer, the functional groups present in the extracts were identified. The presence of seven elements (Fe, Zn, Mn, Ni, Pb, Cd, and Cr) was analyzed through atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The obtained concentrations were within the permissible ranges established by the World Health Organization. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 80 different compounds belonged to different classes. The obtained results confirmed the imperative potential of propolis which can be used in various biological applications.
Design and Application of Electromechanical Control System Based on Computer Fault Tolerance Technology
Authors: Wei Rui
Published: October 2022

In order to improve the stability and control effect of the electromechanical control system, this paper designs the electromechanical control system combined with the computer fault-tolerant technology and proposes an electromechanical control signal processing algorithm. In order to improve the accuracy of the path loss calculation, according to Fresnel’s law, this paper deduces the expression of the reflection coefficient of electromechanical control signal with the distance between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna as the main variable and then compares the path loss with the ground and the ceiling as the reflecting surface. In addition, in order to study the path loss, this paper selects different reflective materials to study their path loss under horizontal polarization and vertical polarization. The results show that under the vertical polarization, the path loss fluctuation is not large, and the agreement is higher than that of the horizontal polarization. The research results show that the electromechanical control system based on computer fault-tolerance technology proposed in this paper has stable performance and can play an important role in the control of electromechanical systems.
Analysis of Precision Service of Agricultural Product e-Commerce Based on Multimodal Collaborative Filtering Algorithm
Authors: ZhuanSun FengQin , Chen JiaoJiao , Chen Wenlong , Sun Yan
Published: October 2022

The times are advancing, the Internet is constantly advancing, and there are many examples of the combination of technology and life. The way people buy agricultural products is no longer limited to the physical market, but is being transformed into an agricultural product e-commerce website to achieve digital transformation. So far, a large number of agricultural products have been collected on the agricultural product e-commerce website, they come from all over the country, and different types and different regional agricultural products have appeared. On the other hand, users are faced with a large number of commodities on the Internet. If they simply use search engines, consumers need to spend a lot of time to find the commodities they are interested in by browsing. Searching from the recommended ones greatly reduces the product set and optimizes the performance of the e-commerce platform. Therefore, the generation of the personalized recommendation system meets the needs of the market. This research will improve the related recommendation algorithm by improving the user similarity calculation method based on artificial intelligence technology, improve the execution efficiency and accuracy of the improved algorithm, and use related technologies to develop an agricultural product e-commerce recommendation system. It has important theoretical and practical significance to save users’ browsing time, improve users’ shopping experience, and speed up the construction of agricultural product e-commerce.
Internet-of-Things-Based Suspicious Activity Recognition Using Multimodalities of Computer Vision for Smart City Security
Authors: Rehman Amjad , Saba Tanzila , Khan Muhammad Zeeshan , Damaševičius Robertas , Bahaj Saeed Ali
Published: October 2022

Automatic human activity recognition is one of the milestones of smart city surveillance projects. Human activity detection and recognition aim to identify the activities based on the observations that are being performed by the subject. Hence, vision-based human activity recognition systems have a wide scope in video surveillance, health care systems, and human-computer interaction. Currently, the world is moving towards a smart and safe city concept. Automatic human activity recognition is the major challenge of smart city surveillance. The proposed research work employed fine-tuned YOLO-v4 for activity detection, whereas for classification purposes, 3D-CNN has been implemented. Besides the classification, the presented research model also leverages human-object interaction with the help of intersection over union (IOU). An Internet of Things (IoT) based architecture is implemented to take efficient and real-time decisions. The dataset of exploit classes has been taken from the UCF-Crime dataset for activity recognition. At the same time, the dataset extracted from MS-COCO for suspicious object detection is involved in human-object interaction. This research is also applied to human activity detection and recognition in the university premises for real-time suspicious activity detection and automatic alerts. The experiments have exhibited that the proposed multimodal approach achieves remarkable activity detection and recognition accuracy.
Detecting Anomaly Event in Video Based on Generative Adversarial Network
Authors: Zhang Zhaoxian
Published: October 2022

Anomaly detection in videos is a challenging computer vision problem. Existing state-of-the-art video anomaly detection methods mainly focus on the structural design of deep neural networks to obtain performance improvements. Different from the main research trend, this paper focuses on combining ensemble learning and deep neural networks and proposes an approach based on ensemble generative adversarial network (GAN). In the proposed method, a set of generators and a set of discriminators are trained together, so each generator gets feedback from multiple discriminators and vice versa. Compared with a single GAN, the proposed ensemble GAN can better model the distribution of normal data to better detect anomalies. In the experiments, the performance of the proposed method is tested on two public datasets. The results show that ensemble learning significantly improves the performance of a single detection model, which outperforms some existing state-of-the-art methods.
Prognostic Value of Lactate Dehydrogenase, Melanoma Inhibitory Protein, and S-100B Protein in Patients with Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Fan Shuwen , Liu Xiao , Wu Yizhu , Li Ke , Zhao Xiaoyu , Lin Wei , Liu Jianjiang
Published: October 2022

Objective. This investigation probed the prognostic potential for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), melanoma inhibitory activity protein (MIA), and S-100B protein in cases of malignant melanoma. Methods. 84 cases were segregated into effective cohort (n = 64) and ineffective cohort (n = 20) depending on clinical efficacy. The cases were followed up for three years and segregated into mortality cohort (n = 29) and survival cohort (n = 55) depending upon 3-year survival. Serum LDH, MIA, and S-100B levels were compared across the effective and ineffective cohorts. Serum LDH, MIA, and S-100B levels in cases of different clinical stages were comparatively analyzed, with correlations of these indicators with the clinical stage being evaluated. ROC evaluated the prognostic potential of serum LDH, MIA, and S-100B. Cases were segregated into the high-level and low-level cohorts according to serum LDH, MIA, and S-100B levels, and the survival rates of cases were compared. Results. The levels of LDH, MIA, and S-100B in the effective cohort were significantly lower than those in the ineffective cohort. The AUC value of the composite indicator of serum LDH, MIA, and S-100B for effectiveness evaluation was (0.839). Serum LDH, MIA, and S-100B levels were positively linked to the clinical stage. AUC value of the composite indicator of serum LDH, MIA, and S-100B for prognosis evaluation prediction (0.942) was elevated compared to LDH (0.632), MIA (0.732), or S-100B (0.828) alone. Survival rate of cases of LDH ≥30.56 mg/L (57.14%, 32/56) was lower than that of cases of LDH <30.56 mg/L (82.14%, 23/28) (log-rank χ2 = 4.672,

P
<
0.05

). The survival rate of MIA ≥5.34 ng/mL cases was lower than that of MIA <5.34 ng/mL cases. The survival rate of cases of S-100B ≥ 1.03ug/L was lower than that of S-100B < 1.03ug/L. Conclusion. Serum LDH, MIA, and S-100B protein levels are linked to the clinical stage. The lactate dehydrogenase, melanoma inhibitory protein, and S-100B protein are of good clinical effectiveness and have the prognostic potential for cases of malignant melanoma.
Response to BRAF-targeted Therapy Is Enhanced by Cotargeting VEGFRs or WNT/β-Catenin Signaling in BRAF-mutant Colorectal Cancer Models
Authors: Tran Khanh B. , Kolekar Sharada , Wang Qian , Shih Jen-Hsing , Buchanan Christina M. , Deva Sanjeev , Shepherd Peter R.
Published: October 2022

The fact that 10% of colorectal cancer tumors harbor BRAF V600E mutations suggested targeting BRAF as a potential therapy. However, BRAF inhibitors have only limited single-agent efficacy in this context. The potential for combination therapy has been shown by the BEACON trial where targeting the EGF receptor with cetuximab greatly increased efficacy of BRAF inhibitors in BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer. Therefore, we explored whether efficacy of the mutant BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib could be enhanced by cotargeting of either oncogenic WNT/β-catenin signaling or VEGFR signaling. We find the WNT/β-catenin inhibitors pyrvinium, ICG-001 and PKF118-310 attenuate growth of colorectal cancer cell lines in vitro with BRAF-mutant lines being relatively more sensitive. Pyrvinium combined with vemurafenib additively or synergistically attenuated growth of colorectal cancer cell lines in vitro. The selective and potent VEGFR inhibitor axitinib was most effective against BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer cell lines in vitro, but the addition of vemurafenib did not significantly increase these effects. When tested in vivo in animal tumor models, both pyrvinium and axitinib were able to significantly increase the ability of vemurafenib to attenuate tumor growth in xenografts of BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer cells. The magnitude of these effects was comparable with that induced by a combination of vemurafenib and cetuximab. This was associated with additive effects on release from tumor cells and tumor microenvironment cell types of substances that would normally aid tumor progression. Taken together, these preclinical data indicate that the efficacy of BRAF inhibitor therapy in colorectal cancer could be increased by cotargeting either WNT/β-catenin or VEGFRs with small-molecule inhibitors.
External Validation of Association of Baseline Circulating Tumor Cell Counts with Survival Outcomes in Men with Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer
Authors: Swami Umang , Sayegh Nicolas , Jo Yeonjung , Haaland Benjamin , McFarland Taylor Ryan , Nussenzveig Roberto H. , Goel Divyam , Sirohi Deepika , Hahn Andrew W. , Maughan Benjamin L. , Goldkorn Amir , Agarwal Neeraj
Published: October 2022

Approximately 20% of men with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) progress within 1 year of treatment, and biomarkers to identify them up front are lacking. In a randomized phase III trial in men with mCSPC (SWOG S1216), higher baseline circulating tumor cells (CTCs) were prognostic of inferior outcomes. We aimed to validate these findings and interrogate corresponding tumor genomic profiles. Consecutively seen men with newly diagnosed mCSPC undergoing systemic therapy and baseline CTC enumeration by CellSearch assay were included. Gene alterations were determined by comprehensive genomic profiling of tumor tissue by Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments—certified lab. The relationship between categorized CTC counts and both progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was assessed in the context of Cox proportional hazards models, both unadjusted and adjusted for age, Gleason score, PSA at androgen-deprivation therapy initiation, disease volume, de novo status, treatment intensification, and number of altered genes. Overall, 103 patients were included in the analysis. On multivariate analysis high CTCs (≥ 5 vs. 0) were associated with poorer PFS [HR, 4.52; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.84–11.11; P = 0.001) and OS (HR, 3.59; 95% CI, 0.95–13.57; P = 0.060). Patients with higher CTC counts had a greater number of altered genes and total number of alterations (all P < 0.02). In this article, for the first time, we externally validate the association of higher CTC counts with inferior survival outcomes in men with mCSPC and show a distinct associated tumor genomic landscape. These findings may improve prognostication, patient counseling, and treatment selection in men with mCSPC.
A Small Molecule Reacts with the p53 Somatic Mutant Y220C to Rescue Wild-type Thermal Stability
Authors: Guiley Keelan Z. , Shokat Kevan M.
Published: October 2022

The transcription factor and tumor suppressor protein p53 is the most frequently mutated and inactivated gene in cancer. Mutations in p53 result in deregulated cell proliferation and genomic instability, both hallmarks of cancer. There are currently no therapies available that directly target mutant p53 to rescue wild-type function. In this study, we identify covalent compsounds that selectively react with the p53 somatic mutant cysteine Y220C and restore wild-type thermal stability.

Significance:

The tumor suppressor p53 is the most mutated gene in cancer, and yet no therapeutics to date directly target the mutated protein to rescue wild-type function. In this study, we identify the first allele-specific compound that selectively reacts with the cysteine p53 Y220C to rescue wild-type thermal stability and gene activation.

See related commentary by Lane and Verma, p. 14.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1
Afianzamiento de las habilidades argumentativas de jóvenes universitarios noveles en Envigado
Authors: Londoño-Vásquez David Alberto
Published: October 2022

(analytical)This paper presents the results of a postdoctoral research whose objective was to strengthen young university first-year students' argumentative skills in a school in Envigado (Colombia), because of the low levels identified in prior semesters. Therefore, qualitative hermeneutics-comprehensive researchsupported in descriptive statistics was done. Entry and exit tests to participants were carried out. 6 workshops were designed based on the entry test results. Each workshop required a class product.Intervention was proposed from text linguistic, critical discourse analysis and pragma-dialectic argumentation. Those students who participated actively in the workshops significantly strengthenedtheir argumentative skills and, as some interviewees mentioned, they recognized these skills use in academic tasks and citizenship participation.
Keywords: Argumentative fallacies; argumentative skills; critical reading; and text production.
El Comentario de Miguel de Éfeso a PA A1 en el Origen Griego de la Rama Biológica de la Tradición Aristotélica
Authors: Mombello Eduardo H.
Published: October 2022

In De partibus animalium A1, Aristotle presents —in a darker than usual way— decisive details of the methodology he devised for his science of nature. His indications seem to point the path along which Aristotelian biology should travel. However, numerous textual and systematic difficulties have given rise to a number of conflicting interpretations, in the context of a vigorous stream of philosophical research and debate since the last third of the last century. In this stream of studies, Michael of Ephesus’s commentary on PA and his views on the subject remain relatively ignored. A complex multiplicity of factors seems to support the lack of sufficient consensus among leading contemporary specialists to explicitly consider those contributions. The purpose of this paper is to examine several of these factors and, based on the evidence provided by little explored aspects of Michael’s texts, to offer arguments in favor of that consensus against a number of alternatives. I shall argue that the contributions of this late commentator deserve to be considered —mutatis mutandis— as seriously as it is done with the main ancient Greek commentaries; in particular, in the philosophical studies of those who are currently interested in that methodology or are engaged in Aristotelian biology.
Shakespeare com sotaque brasileiro: Hamlet em versos de cordel
Authors: Martins Marcia do Amaral Peixoto
Published: October 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar e discutir uma adaptação da peça Hamlet, de William Shakespeare, para a poesia de cordel brasileira. De autoria de Stélio Torquato Lima, o Hamlet cordelizado integra o volume Shakespeare nas rimas do cordel (Giramundo, 2013), com mais dez peças adaptadas pelo mesmo cordelista. A proposta das adaptações de Lima é a de restaurar o caráter popular das obras de Shakespeare a partir de sua transposição para uma forma de expressão identificada com a cultura brasileira, embora não o fosse na sua origem. A primeira parte do artigo aborda as origens e características da literatura de cordel, seguindo-se uma descrição da edição da Giramundo e a análise do Hamlet, que enfoca aspectos relativos à forma, ao enredo e ao perfil e função de personagens centrais. Trata-se de uma adaptação que pode ser apreciada como obra independente, embora o conhecimento da peça shakespeariana e a percepção da intertextualidade possam aumentar o prazer da leitura ou da escuta desses versos em cordel.
Biocultural Transformations: Fermentation as Artistic Medium
Authors: Bobadilla Mariana Pérez , Serrano Rodrigo Guzman
Published: October 2022

In art, fermentation can be understood metaphorically as a representation of transformation. However, as a biocultural phenomenon within a posthuman framework, it manifests a complex lattice of multispecies relationships, microbiopolitics, and metaphorical figurations that are adopted in works of art and biology as medium and content. In this article, the authors analyze artworks and projects that utilize fermentation by artists such as WhiteFeather Hunter, Amor Muñoz, Anna Dumitriu, and others. These works explore fermentation in the creation of biomaterials, its role in foods like cheese, and its status as a metaphorical figuration in hybrid mechanisms that give center stage to fermentation as a biocultural artifact embodying a nature-culture continuum in a microbial postanthropocentric framework.
Global Distributions of Tropospheric and Stratospheric Gravity Wave Momentum Fluxes Resolved by the 9-km ECMWF Experiments
Authors: Wei Junhong , Zhang Fuqing , Richter Jadwiga H. , Alexander M. Joan , Sun Y. Qiang
Published: October 2022

Based on 20-day control forecasts by the 9-km Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) for selected periods of summer and winter events, this study investigates global distributions of gravity wave momentum fluxes resolved by the highest-resolution-ever global operational numerical weather prediction model. Two supplementary datasets, including 18-km ECMWF IFS experiments and the 30-km ERA5, are included for comparison. In the stratosphere, there is a clear dominance of westward momentum fluxes over the winter extratropics with strong baroclinic instability, while eastward momentum fluxes are found in the summer tropics. However, meridional momentum fluxes, locally as important as the above zonal counterpart, show different behaviors of global distribution characteristics, with northward and southward momentum fluxes alternating with each other especially at lower altitudes. Both events illustrate conclusive evidence that stronger stratospheric fluxes are found in the ECMWF forecast with finer resolution, and that ERA5 datasets have the weakest signals in general, regardless of whether regridding is applied. In the troposphere, probability distributions of vertical motion perturbations are highly asymmetric with more strong positive signals especially over latitudes covering heavy rainfall, likely caused by convective forcing. With the aid of precipitation accumulation, a simple filtering method is proposed in an attempt to eliminate those tropospheric asymmetries by convective forcing, before calculating tropospheric wave-induced fluxes. Furthermore, this research demonstrates promising findings that the proposed filtering method could help in reducing the potential uncertainties with respect to estimating tropospheric wave-induced fluxes. Finally, absolute momentum flux distributions with proposed approaches are presented, for further assessment in the future.
A Climatology of Midlatitude Maritime Cloud Fraction and Radiative Effect Derived from the ARM ENA Ground-Based Observations
Authors: Dong Xiquan , Zheng Xiaojian , Xi Baike , Xie Shaocheng
Published: October 2022

More than four years of ground-based measurements taken at the ARM Eastern North Atlantic (ENA) site between July 2015 and September 2019 have been collected and processed in this study. Monthly and hourly means of clear-sky, all-sky, total cloud fraction (CFT), and single-layered low (CFL) and high (CFH) clouds, the impacts of all scene types on the surface radiation budget (SRB), and their cloud radiative effects (CREs) have been examined. The annual averages of CFT, CFL, and CFH are 0.785, 0.342, and 0.123, respectively. The annual averages of the SW (LW) CREs for all sky, total, low, and high clouds are −56.7 (37.7), −76.6 (48.5), −73.7 (51.4), and −26.8 (13.9) W m−2, respectively, resulting in the NET CREs of −19.0, −28.0, −22.2, and −12.9 W m−2. Comparing the cloud properties and CREs at both ARM ENA and Southern Great Plains (SGP) sites, we found that the clear-sky downwelling SW and LW fluxes at the two sites are similar to each other due to their similar atmospheric background. Compared to SGP, the lower all-sky SW and higher LW fluxes at ENA are caused by its higher CFT and all-sky precipitable water vapor (PWV). With different low cloud microphysical properties and cloud condensation nuclei at the two sites, much higher cloud optical depth at SGP plays an important role in determining its lower SW flux, while Tb and PWV are important for downwelling LW flux at the surface. A sensitivity study has shown that the all-sky SW CREs at SGP are more sensitive to CFT (−1.07 W m−2 %−1) than at ENA (−0.689 W m−2 %−1), with the same conclusion for all-sky LW CREs (0.735 W m−2 %−1 at SGP vs 0.318 W m−2 %−1 at ENA). The results over the two sites shed new light on the impacts of clouds on the midlatitude surface radiation budgets, over both ocean and land.
Antibiotic Initiation Timing and Mortality in Trauma Patients With Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
Authors: O’Dell Jacob C. , Halimeh Bachar N. , Johnston James , McCoy C. Cameron , Winfield Robert D. , Guidry Christopher A.
Published: October 2022

Background

Early antibiotic initiation is considered a cornerstone in the management of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). However, recent data suggests that early antibiotic initiation may not be necessary in all cases. Additionally, the benefits of early antibiotic administration for infection have not been studied in a dedicated trauma population. This study’s aim was to evaluate the impact of antibiotic administration timing on in-hospital mortality in trauma patients with VAP.

Methods

This retrospective case-control study identified all trauma patients at a single level 1 academic trauma center from 2016 to 2020. Patients with a TQIP-defined VAP were included and stratified into 2 subgroups by in-hospital mortality. Time interval between airway culture and antibiotic initiation was gathered. Baseline measures of injury and illness severity were collected. Univariate analysis of the data was performed.

Results

Forty-five patients met inclusion criteria. Overall, 80% of patients survived admission (n = 36) and 20% of patients did not survive admission (n = 9). There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics or cultured organism between survivors and non-survivors. The median time interval between airway culture and antibiotic initiation was 2 hours (IQR 0-4.5) for survivors, and 0 hours (IQR 0-0) for non-survivors ( P = .07). Antibiotics were administered within 1 hour of airway culture for 33.3% of survivors, and 77.8% of non-survivors ( P = .02).

Conclusions

In a population of trauma patients with VAP, survivors had antibiotics initiated in more delayed fashion than non-survivors. These findings question the primacy of early antibiotic administration for suspected infection.
Setting the top 10 eating disorder research and translation priorities for Australia
Authors: Aouad Phillip , Hambleton Ashlea , Marks Peta , Maloney Danielle , Calvert Shannon , Caldwell Belinda , McLean Siân A , Shelton Beth , Cowan Katherine , Feneley John , Pepin Genevieve , Paxton Susan , Williams Michelle , Meddick Thy , Squire Sarah , Hickie Ian , Kay Lambkin Frances , Touyz Stephen , Maguire Sarah
Published: October 2022

Objectives:

People with eating disorders, as well as their caregivers, experience high symptom burden, reduced quality of life and increased risk of early mortality. A lack of resources, disjointed vision and limited uptake of the evidence have limited the translation and implementation of research into practice. Little is known about what stakeholders (people with a lived experience, caregivers, health care professionals, researchers and policymakers) see as the most important research priorities. This study aimed to identify Australia’s top 10 consensus-derived research and translation priorities for eating disorders.

Methods:

Participants ( n = 606) included people with a lived experience, carers, health care professionals (clinicians) and researchers working in eating disorders. The methodology aligned with the James Lind Alliance priority setting process, which involved oversight by a co-design advisory committee and utilised a national online interim priority setting survey and co-design workshops to identify the top 10 research and translation priorities.

Results:

The initial national consultations elicited 1210 issues from 480 individuals. From this, 606 participants shortlisted 59 plain language questions in order of personal priority. In total, 16 questions were consistently ranked as important. As a final step, 24 individuals (with equal representation from all 4 stakeholder groups) attended the final prioritisation workshop to co-establish the top 10 research and translation priorities.

Conclusion:

The findings highlight the need for people with a lived experience, carers, health professionals and researchers to work collaboratively to develop co-designed research and translation activities that address the key areas of early intervention, prevention, understanding the aetiology of eating disorders and effective treatment of people experiencing eating disorders.
Costs and Cover: Explaining the Onset of Ceasefires in Civil Conflict
Authors: Clayton Govinda , Nygård Håvard Mokleiv , Rustad Siri A. , Strand Håvard
Published: October 2022

Ceasefires are common in civil conflict. Yet we have surprisingly little comparative analysis of why and under what conditions they occur. A ceasefire provides temporary relief from the costs of conflict, but also generates its own costs. Building on this logic, we argue that conflict parties are more likely to accept the costs associated with a ceasefire when the conflict costs are greater, in particular, when: violence is intense; there are higher levels of ‘collateral damage’; and the parties lack international support. Second, we contend that ceasefires are also more likely in those periods in which the audience costs associated with entering into an arrangement are lower, specifically, when the parties have some form of ‘political cover’, such as during mediation. We find support for both arguments in an analysis of a new dataset capturing all ceasefire in civil conflict from 1989-2020, using a series of dyad fixed effect models.
Seat belt injuries and external markings at autopsy in cases of lethal vehicle crashes
Authors: O’Donovan Siobhan , van den Heuvel Corinna , Baldock Matthew , Humphries Melissa A , Byard Roger W
Published: October 2022

A study was undertaken to determine what injuries are associated with the wearing of seat belts and if the presence of cutaneous seat belt markings observed on victims of lethal vehicle crashes increased the likelihood of underlying injury. Autopsy reports from the files at Forensic Science South Australia were reviewed for all fatal motor vehicle crashes from January 2014 to December 2018. A total of 173 cases were included for analysis with 127 occupants wearing seat belts at the time of impact (73.4%) (age range = 18–93; mean = 45 M:F = 81:46). Of these, only 38 had external seat belt markings (29.9%) (age range = 19–83; mean = 49 M:F = 20:18). Logistic regression modelling showed that occupants who were wearing seat belts were more likely to experience closed head injury without skull fractures in addition to mesenteric and gastrointestinal injury. Increasing body mass index increased the incidence of seat belt markings ( p < 0.01) and markings were more likely to be found in the presence of bilateral pelvic fractures. Thus, external seat belt markings were observed in only a minority of seatbelt wearers, and more often in individuals with higher BMIs and with bilateral pelvic fractures (possibly associated with greater momentum and impact force).
Maintaining autonomy: Urban degrowth and the commoning of housing
Authors: Savini Federico
Published: October 2022

The theory – and practice – of establishing autonomy from the hegemony of growth is central to the imaginary of degrowth. Yet to envisage pathways towards a degrowth society, scholars need to explain how autonomy coalesces into autonomous institutions. This article addresses this institutional challenge of how to secure autonomy in the provision of collective, affordable and decommodified housing in cities. Building on the tradition of autonomist and (post-)workerist thought, it conceptualises this challenge as one of maintenance. It argues that autonomy occurs through its perpetual reproduction, which is made possible by nesting and federating practices among autonomous communities. Nesting and federating practices allow these communities to avoid becoming enclaves and co-optation by market logics. The article illustrates these arguments through reference to the struggles of de Nieuwe Meent, a recent housing commoning project in Amsterdam.
Effect of ICRS Lesion Grade on Graft Survival After Medial Meniscal Allograft Transplantation: MRI-Based Objective Evaluation
Authors: Lee Seon-Jong , Bin Seong-Il , Kim Jong-Min , Lee Bum-Sik , Kim Seung-Min , Lee Hyo Yeol
Published: October 2022

Background:

Data are lacking regarding the survival rate after medial meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) alone. Furthermore, little information is available about prognostic factors for graft survival that affect the outcomes of medial MAT.

Purpose:

To investigate the prognostic factors and survival rate of allograft after medial MAT.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

The records of 78 consecutive patients who underwent primary medial MAT between 1996 and 2018 were reviewed. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to analyze the anatomic and clinical survival rates. Anatomic failure was defined as a tear covering >50% of the allograft or unstable peripheral rim. Clinical failure was considered Lysholm score <65 or need for additional surgery such as meniscal repair, revision MAT, realignment osteotomy, and meniscectomy for >50% of the allograft. Patient factors affecting anatomic and clinical failure were analyzed.

Results:

The mean follow-up period was 6.9 ± 5.3 years (range, 2-21 years). Anatomic failure was noted in 19 patients (24.4%), and none of these patients had a persistent poor Lysholm score of <65; of these, 2 patients who underwent meniscal repair also had clinical failure. Clinical failure was noted in 7 patients (9.0%); 4 patients had Lysholm score <65, 2 patients underwent meniscal repair, and 1 patient underwent realignment osteotomy. The estimated 10-year anatomic and clinical survival rates were 73.89% and 87.90%, respectively. Anatomic survival was significantly associated with only high-grade International Cartilage Regeneration & Joint Preservation (ICRS) lesion (ICRS grade 3 or 4) (hazard ratio, 3.171; 95% CI, 1.124-8.944; P = .029). However, the clinical survival rate was not significantly associated with any factors. Patients with low-grade ICRS lesion (ICRS grade 0, 1, or 2) showed a higher estimated 10-year anatomic survival rate compared with patients with high-grade ICRS lesions (87.6% vs 63.3%, respectively; P = .022).

Conclusion:

Low-grade ICRS lesion was associated with higher anatomic survival rate after medial MAT. In patients with high-grade ICRS lesions, the clinical outcome might be good; however, the status of an allograft might be poor. The surgeon should be aware of this and explain to the patient that close observation is necessary.
A Systematic Review of the Risks of Motor Vehicle Crashes Associated with Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Rapoport Mark J. , Chee Justin Nathaniel , Prabha Thadshagini , Dow Jamie , Gillespie Ian , Koppel Sjaan , Charlton Judith L. , O’Neill Desmond , Donaghy Paul C. , Ho Angela Onkay , Taylor John-Paul , Tant Mark
Published: October 2022

Objective

Psychiatric disorders and their treatments have the potential to adversely impact driving skills. However, it is unclear to what extent this poses a public health risk by increasing the risk of motor vehicle crashes (MVCs). The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize and critically appraise evidence on the risk of MVC for drivers with psychiatric disorders.

Method

We conducted a systematic review of the MVC risk associated with psychiatric disorders using seven databases in November 2019. Two reviewers examined each study and extracted data. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Quality Assessment tools were used to assess each study’s quality of evidence.

Results

We identified 24 studies that met the inclusion criteria, including eight cohort, 10 case-control, and six cross-sectional designs. Quality assessment ratings were “Good” for four studies, “Fair” for 10, and “Poor” for 10. Self-report or questionnaires were used in place of objective measures of either MVC, psychiatric disorder, or both in 12 studies, and only seven adjusted for driving exposure. Fifteen studies reported an increased risk of MVC associated with psychiatric disorders, and nine did not. There was no category of disorder that was consistently associated with increased MVC risk.

Conclusion

The available evidence is mixed, not of high quality, and does not support a blanket restriction on drivers with psychiatric disorder. An individualized approach, as recommended by international guidelines, should continue. Further research should include objective assessments of psychiatric disorders and MVC risk and adjust for driving exposure.
The Student Learning Experience: A Case Study in Object-Based Learning
Authors: Reiley Kathryn , DeLong Marilyn
Published: October 2022

Artifacts are a primary source of information for fashion history students participating in object-based learning through careful observation, analysis and interpretation. Object-based learning is an advantage that allows students to connect the course material with the physical artifact in-person. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, classes at a Midwestern university moved midterm to an online format. Artifacts previously viewed in person were posted digitally, thus this was the first semester that artifact analysis included both in-person and online. Students evaluated their learning experience in artifact analysis in-person and online with the goal to understand their perspective on advantages and disadvantages. In-person, students could examine details such as textile weave and hand or machine stitching. Online, multiple views of a garment on a mannequin were available to better understand the shape and silhouette of the garment. In the future, we will incorporate both venues, taking advantage of the best student learning experiences from each.
A Comparison of Audio-Only and Audio-Visual Tele-Lactation Consultation Services: A Mixed Methods Approach
Authors: Bogulski Cari A. , Payakachat Nalin , Rhoads Sarah J. , Jones Rebecca D. , McCoy Hannah C. , Dawson Leah C. , Eswaran Hari
Published: October 2022

Background:

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life; however, a lack of access to breastfeeding resources influences breastfeeding initiation and continuation. Tele-lactation services may reduce some of these barriers to access.

Research Aims:

To identify facilitators and barriers of two modes of tele-health service utilization and to compare the differences between two modes of providing tele-lactation services on breastfeeding knowledge, breastfeeding intention, perceived social support, and 3-month breastfeeding continuation behavior.

Methods:

We conducted a mixed method, longitudinal pilot study utilizing prospective convenience sampling and random assignment of postpartum women recruited from two medical centers in Little Rock, Arkansas. Participants ( N = 43) were randomized into telephone-only ( n = 23) or audio-visual ( n = 20) intervention groups. Participants completed a self-administered pre- and post-intervention survey, as well as a semi-structured qualitative phone interview at 4–6 weeks post-discharge.

Results:

No significant difference in demographic characteristics across groups was found. At 3 months after discharge, both groups reported continued breastfeeding (telephone-only: n = 17, 81%; audio-visual: n = 18, 90%) with no significant difference between the two groups ( p = .663). Additionally, no group differences were found for breastfeeding knowledge or perceived social support. Overall, participants reported positive experiences with tele-lactation, emphasizing the convenience, accessibility, education, and support provided.

Conclusion:

We found that both telephone-only and audio-visual delivery of tele-lactation services were equally effective. Both methods of tele-lactation services should be considered by health care providers to encourage and sustain breastfeeding behavior in mothers.
Design, modeling, and simulation of dual-source redundant braking system
Authors: Yuan Chaochun , He Zhili , Shen Jie , Chen Long , Cai Yingfeng , He Youguo , Weng Shuofeng , Yuan Yuqi , Gong Yuxuan
Published: October 2022

Based on the existing theory of EHB braking system, a new dual-source redundant braking system (DSRB) is proposed in this paper. The proposed DSRB is improved on the classic ESP system structure with two sets of motor hydraulic pumps, four throttle valves and two balance valves used to replace the failed oil inlet and outlet valves added in it. Then, the requirements of redundancy, reliability of intelligent vehicle braking system can be met by the system. The wheel cylinder pressure of DSRB system is accurately regulated by PID control algorithm. Finally, the co-simulation based on AMEsim/Simulink were implemented to verify the accuracy and reliability of the braking efficiency of the DSRB. Results show that the designed DSRB has fault tolerance even in the case of partial failure, that is, inlet and outlet valve failure and complete failure, that is, inlet and outlet valve and hydraulic motor failure at the same time. And good braking efficiency, boosting speed and pressure regulation accuracy are still available.
Eco-driving at signalized intersections under uncertain traffic conditions
Authors: Chen Xinyu , Qian Lijun , Wang Qidong
Published: October 2022

Eco-driving at signalized intersections is a topical issue in CAVs technology and an important part of energy-efficient driving. In this paper, a robust eco-driving control method of vehicular platoon is proposed to address the uncertain traffic conditions, including traffic queuing effects and signal time variations. Firstly, an effective signalization model is established by estimating the traffic queue length and describing the uncertain parameters with the interval number. Then, taking fuel economy and vehicle safety as the objectives, the uncertain objective function is transformed into a deterministic optimization problem by using the order interval relation model. Finally, a model predictive control method is used to optimize the problem. The simulation results indicate that the proposed method can significantly improve the control robustness and fuel economy without the signal history data.
Prevalence of Obesity and Its Associated Factors Among Malaysian Adults: Finding From the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019
Authors: Chong Chean Tat , Lai Wai Kent , Zainuddin Ahmad Ali , Pardi Munawara , Mohd Sallehuddin Syafinaz , Ganapathy Shubash Shander
Published: October 2022

In 2016, World Health Organization (WHO) estimated more than 650 million obese adults, resulting in a country’s health burden. This study aims to determine the prevalence of obesity and its associated factors among Malaysian adults. A total of 5820 respondents, aged 18 to 59 years, from the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019, were included for the data analysis. The prevalence of obesity was described and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine the factors associated with obesity. The prevalence of obesity among Malaysian adults was 20.1%, based on the findings from this study. Multivariate analyses showed that women, being Malays, Indians, and other Bumiputeras, were significantly associated with a higher risk of obesity. Besides, those diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and hypertension were also significantly associated with greater risk of obesity. This information is crucial for policy makers in formulating effective strategies or targeted programs in preventing obesity among Malaysian adults.