bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Iatrogenic duodenal diverticulum perforation: a systematic review
Authors: Boot Madison , Chew Kenneth , Archer Jack , Sowter Steven , Bergamin Paul
Published: March 2023

Background

Duodenal diverticulum occurs in approximately 20% of the population and can lead to life‐threatening complications such as perforation. Most perforations are secondary to diverticulitis, with iatrogenic causes being exceptionally rare. This systematic review explores the aetiology, prevention and outcomes of iatrogenic perforation of duodenal diverticulum.

Methods

A systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Four databases were searched, including Pubmed, Medline, Scopus and Embase. The primary data extracted were clinical findings, type of procedure, prevention and management of perforation and outcomes.

Results

Forty‐six studies were identified, of which 14 articles met inclusion criteria and comprised 19 cases of iatrogenic duodenal diverticulum perforation. Four cases identified duodenal diverticulum pre‐intervention, nine were identified peri‐intervention, and the remainder were identified post‐intervention. Perforation secondary to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (n = 8) was most common, followed by open and laparoscopic surgery (n = 5), gastroduodenoscopy (n = 4) and other (n = 2). Operative management with diverticulectomy was the most frequent treatment (63%). Iatrogenic perforation was associated with 50% morbidity and 10% mortality.

Conclusion

Iatrogenic perforation of duodenal diverticulum is exceptionally rare and associated with high morbidity and mortality. There are limited guidelines surrounding standard perioperative steps to prevent iatrogenic perforations. A review of preoperative imaging helps identify potential aberrant anatomy, such as a duodenal diverticulum, to allow for recognition and prompt management initiation in the event of perforation. Intraoperative recognition and immediate surgical repair are safe options for this complication.
Shareholders’ Perception of Auditor Type and Timing of Auditor Engagement: Evidence from Auditor Ratification
Authors: Howard Jennifer K. , Son Myungsoo , Song Hakjoon
Published: March 2023

Many companies present their selected auditor to shareholders for ratification. In this study, we use auditor ratification voting results to examine whether shareholders view the type of auditor and the timing of the engagement as indicative of audit quality. The auditor ratification literature has yet to explicitly examine these research questions. Our study is unique in that we focus on the auditor switch setting and test how shareholders view a newly hired auditor. We find that shareholders are less likely to approve a non‐Big N auditor than a Big N auditor. We also document that shareholders view late auditor engagements (i.e., during or after the fourth quarter) more negatively, consistent with the argument that late appointment of new auditors should be viewed with caution. The timing effect is particularly acute for non‐Big N firms; however, shareholders do not seem to mind late engagements of Big N auditors.
Anakinra and dexamethasone treatment of idarubicin‐induced mucositis and diarrhoea in rats
Authors: Kullenberg Fredrik , Peters Karsten , Sjöblom Markus , Heindryckx Femke , Dahlgren David , Lennernäs Hans
Published: March 2023

Chemotherapy‐induced mucositis, characterized by diarrhoea and villous atrophy, is a severe side effect contributing to reduced quality of life and premature death in cancer patients treated with cytostatics. Despite its high incidence, there is no effective supportive therapy available. The main objective of this study was to determine if the anti‐inflammatory drugs anakinra and/or dexamethasone—which have different mechanisms‐of‐action—might be used to effectively treat idarubicin‐induced mucositis in rats. Mucositis was induced through a single injection with 2 mg/kg idarubicin (with saline as control), followed by daily treatments of anakinra (100 mg/kg/day), dexamethasone (10 mg/kg/day) or both for 3 days. After 72 h, jejunal tissue was collected for morphological, apoptotic and proliferative analyses, and colonic faecal water content and body weight change were determined. The diarrhoea that was induced by idarubicin (from 63.5% to 78.6% water content in faeces) was completely reversed by anakinra alone, and the jejunal villus height reduction by 36% was prevented by a combination of anakinra and dexamethasone. Dexamethasone reduced apoptosis in the jejunal crypts, both alone and in combination with anakinra. These positive effects encouraged further investigations into the use of anakinra and dexamethasone as supportive therapies for chemotherapy‐induced intestinal mucositis and diarrhoea.
The effect of transparency on the temporal spillover effect of default nudges
Authors: van Rookhuijzen Merije , de Vet Emely , Adriaanse Marieke A.
Published: March 2023

Previous studies show that the effects of (non‐transparent) nudges can spill over to later similar decisions without nudges. In the current study, we aimed to determine whether such nudge temporal spillover effects are affected by making nudges transparent. The latter is recommended to (partly) mitigate ethical concerns surrounding the use of nudges. In two experiments, we nudged participants to complete a longer version of a survey. Participants were randomly assigned to either a control, a non‐disclosed nudge (using a default to promote taking the longer survey) condition or a disclosed nudge (in which the use of the default nudge was explained) condition. In both Study 1 (N = 1270) and Study 2 (N = 1258) we observed a temporal spillover effect of the disclosed nudge, suggesting that transparency does not negatively affect the temporal spillover effect.
Time trees and clock genes: a systematic review and comparative analysis of contemporary avian migration genetics
Authors: Le Clercq Louis‐Stéphane , Bazzi Gaia , Cecere Jacopo G. , Gianfranceschi Luca , Grobler Johannes Paul , Kotzé Antoinette , Rubolini Diego , Liedvogel Miriam , Dalton Desiré Lee
Published: March 2023

Timing is a crucial aspect for survival and reproduction in seasonal environments leading to carefully scheduled annual programs of migration in many species. But what are the exact mechanisms through which birds (class: Aves) can keep track of time, anticipate seasonal changes, and adapt their behaviour? One proposed mechanism regulating annual behaviour is the circadian clock, controlled by a highly conserved set of genes, collectively called ‘clock genes’ which are well established in controlling the daily rhythmicity of physiology and behaviour. Due to diverse migration patterns observed within and among species, in a seemingly endogenously programmed manner, the field of migration genetics has sought and tested several candidate genes within the clock circuitry that may underlie the observed differences in breeding and migration behaviour. Among others, length polymorphisms within genes such asClockandAdcyap1have been hypothesised to play a putative role, although association and fitness studies in various species have yielded mixed results. To contextualise the existing body of data, here we conducted a systematic review of all published studies relating polymorphisms in clock genes to seasonality in a phylogenetically and taxonomically informed manner. This was complemented by a standardised comparative re‐analysis of candidate gene polymorphisms of 76 bird species, of which 58 are migrants and 18 are residents, along with population genetics analyses for 40 species with available allele data. We tested genetic diversity estimates, used Mantel tests for spatial genetic analyses, and evaluated relationships between candidate gene allele length and population averages for geographic range (breeding‐ and non‐breeding latitude), migration distance, timing of migration, taxonomic relationships, and divergence times. Our combined analysis provided evidence (i) of a putative association betweenClockgene variation and autumn migration as well as a putative association betweenAdcyap1gene variation and spring migration in migratory species; (ii) that these candidate genes are not diagnostic markers to distinguish migratory from sedentary birds; and (iii) of correlated variability in both genes with divergence time, potentially reflecting ancestrally inherited genotypes rather than contemporary changes driven by selection. These findings highlight a tentative association between these candidate genes and migration attributes as well as genetic constraints on evolutionary adaptation.
Trans‐generational immune priming is not mediated by the sex of the parent primed: a meta‐analysis of invertebrate data
Authors: Rutkowski Nicola‐Anne J. , McNamara Kathryn B. , Jones Therésa M. , Foo Yong Zhi
Published: March 2023

Traditionally, only vertebrates were thought capable of acquired immune responses, such as the ability to transfer immunological experience vertically to their offspring (known as trans‐generational immune priming, TGIP). Increasing evidence challenges this belief and it is now clear that invertebrates also have the ability to exhibit functionally equivalent TGIP. This has led to a surge in papers exploring invertebrate TGIP, with most focusing on the costs, benefits or factors that affect the evolution of this trait. Whilst many studies have found support for the phenomenon, not all studies do, and there is considerable variation in the strength of positive results. To address this, we conducted a meta‐analysis to answer the question: what is the overall effect of TGIP in invertebrates? Then, to understand the specific factors that affect its presence and intensity, we conducted a moderator analysis. Our results corroborate that TGIP occurs in invertebrates (demonstrated by a large, positive effect size). The strength of the positive effect was related to if and how offspring were immune challenged (i.e. whether they were challenged with the same or different insult as their parents or not challenged at all). Interestingly, there was no effect of the ecology or life history of the species or the sex of the parent or the offspring primed, and responses were comparable across different immune elicitors. Our publication bias testing suggests that the literature may suffer from some level of positive‐result bias. However, even after accounting for potential bias, our effect size remains positive. Publication bias testing can be influenced by diversity in the data set, which was considerable in our data, even after moderator analysis. It is therefore conceivable that differences among studies could be caused by other moderators that were unable to be included in our meta‐analysis. Nonetheless, our results suggest that TGIP does occur in invertebrates, whilst providing some potential avenues to examine the factors that account for variation in effect sizes.
Tumor immune microenvironment predicts the pathologic response of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in non–small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Han Rui , Zhang Yimin , Wang Tianhu , Xiao Hualiang , Luo Zhilin , Shen Cheng , Li Jianghua , Zhao Chenglong , Li Li , Zhu Mengxiao , Du Haiwei , Tang Huan , Ma Zheng , Wang Yubo , He Yong
Published: March 2023

The clinical outcome of resectable non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy is good but varies greatly. In addition, the pathological response after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy is significantly associated with survival outcomes. The aim of this retrospective study was to identify which population of patients with locally advanced and oligometastatic NSCLC has a favorable pathological response after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy. NSCLC patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy were enrolled between February 2018 and April 2022. Data on clinicopathological features were collected and evaluated. Multiplex immunofluorescence was performed on pre‐treatment puncture specimens and surgically resected specimens. In total, 29 patients with stages III and IV locally advanced or oligometastatic NSCLC who received neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy and R0 resection were enrolled. The results showed that 55% (16/29) of patients had a major pathological response (MPR) and 41% (12/29) of patients had a complete pathological response (pCR). In the stroma area of the pre‐treatment specimen, the higher infiltration of CD3+PD‐L1+ tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and the lower infiltration of CD4+ and CD4+FOXP3+ TILs were more likely to appear in patients with pCR. However, in the tumor area, the higher infiltration of CD8+ TILs was more likely to appear in patients with non‐MPR. In the post‐treatment specimen, we found increased infiltration of CD3+CD8+, CD8+GZMB+, and CD8+CD69+ TILs and decreased infiltration of PD‐1+ TILs both in the stroma and tumor areas. Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy achieved an MPR rate of 55% and induced greater immune infiltration. In addition, we observed that the baseline TILs and their spatial distribution correlate to the pathological response.
MicroRNA‐324‐3p inhibits osteosarcoma progression by suppressing PGAM1‐mediated aerobic glycolysis
Authors: Weng Yiping , Duan Weihao , Yu Xuecheng , Wu Furen , Yang Daibin , Jiang Yuqing , Wu Jingbin , Wang Muyi , Wang Xin , Shen Yifei , Zhang Yunkun , Xu Hua
Published: March 2023

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant neoplasm of the bone. Recent studies have indicated that the inhibitory effects of microRNA (miR)‐324‐3p could affect the development of numerous cancers. However, its biological roles and underlying mechanisms in OS progression remain unexplored. In this study, miR‐324‐3p expression was markedly reduced in OS cell lines and tissues. Functionally, miR‐324‐3p overexpression suppressed OS progression and was involved in the Warburg effect. Mechanistically, miR‐324‐3p negatively regulated phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) expression by targeting its 3′‐UTR. Moreover, high expression of PGAM1 promoted OS progression and aerobic glycolysis, which were associated with inferior overall survival in patients with OS. Notably, the tumor suppressor functions of miR‐324‐3p were partially recovered by PGAM1 overexpression. In summary, the miR‐324‐3p/PGAM1 axis plays an important role in regulating OS progression by controlling the Warburg effect. Our results provide mechanistic insights into the function of miR‐324‐3p in glucose metabolism and subsequently on the progression of OS. Targeting the miR‐324‐3p/PGAM1 axis could be a promising molecular strategy for the treatment of OS.
Piezo1‐mediated M2 macrophage mechanotransduction enhances bone formation through secretion and activation of transforming growth factor‐β1
Authors: Cai Guanhui , Lu Yahui , Zhong Weijie , Wang Ting , Li Yingyi , Ruan Xiaolei , Chen Hongyu , Sun Lian , Guan Zhaolan , Li Gen , Zhang Hengwei , Sun Wen , Chen Minglong , Zhang Wei‐Bing , Wang Hua
Published: March 2023

Macrophages are multifunctional immune system cells that are essential for the mechanical stimulation‐induced control of metabolism. Piezo1 is a non‐selective calcium channel expressed in multifarious tissues to convey mechanical signals. Here, a cellular model of tension was used to study the effect of mechanical stretch on the phenotypic transformation of macrophages and its mechanism. An indirect co‐culture system was used to explore the effect of macrophage activation on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and a treadmill running model was used to validate the mechanism in vivo for in vitro studies. p53 was acetylated and deacetylated by macrophages as a result of mechanical strain being detected by Piezo1. This process is able to polarize macrophages towards M2 and secretes transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β1), which subsequently stimulates BMSCs migration, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Knockdown of Piezo1 inhibits the conversion of macrophages to the reparative phenotype, thereby affecting bone remodelling. Blockade of TGF‐β I, II receptors and Piezo1 significantly reduced exercise‐increased bone mass in mice. In conclusion, we showed that mechanical tension causes calcium influx, p53 deacetylation, macrophage polarization towards M2 and TGF‐β1 release through Piezo1. These events support BMSC osteogenesis.
Safety and efficacy of everolimus initiation from the first month after liver transplantation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cholongitas Evangelos , Burra Patrizia , Vourli Georgia , Papatheodoridis George V.
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Everolimus, a selective inhibitor of mamalian target of rapamycin (mTORi), is considered to be an alternative immunosuppressive regimen in the liver transplantation (LT) setting. However, most of the transplant centers avoid its early use (i.e., during the first month) after LT mainly due to safety issues.

Methods

We searched for all articles published between 01/2010 and 7/2022 to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of initial/early administration of everolimus after LT.

Results

Seven studies (three randomized controlled trials and four prospective cohort studies) were included: initial/early everolimus‐including therapy (group 1) was used in 512 (51%) and calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) based therapy (group 2) in 494 (49%) patients. No significant difference was found between group 1 and group 2 patients regarding the rates of biopsy‐proven acute rejection episodes (Odds Ratio [OR]: 1.27, 95% CI: .67‐2.41, p = .465) and hepatic artery thrombosis (OR: .43, 95% CI: .09‐2.02, p = .289). Everolimus was associated with higher rates of dyslipidemia (14.2% vs. 6.8%, p = .005) and incisional hernia (29.2% vs. 10.1%, p < .001). Finally, no difference was found between the two groups regarding recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (Risk Rates [RR]: 1.22 95%CI: .66‐2.29, p = .524) and mortality (RR: .85 95%CI: .48‐1.50, p = .570).

Conclusion

Use of initial/early everolimus seems to be effective with a satisfactory safety profile, making its administration a reasonable therapeutic option in the LT setting.
Surgical treatment of caseous calcification of the mitral annulus causing mitral stenosis and mimicking the clinical picture of infective endocarditis: A case report
Authors: Kahraman Nail , Topal Dursun , Coşkun Gültekin , Tiryakioğlu Selma Kenar , Topal Serra , Güler Sena , Binicier Nöfel Ahmet , Koca Fatih , Demir Deniz
Published: March 2023

Among masses involving the mitral valve and annulus, caseous calcification of the mitral annulus (CCMA) is a rare disease. CCMA accounts for .63% of all mitral annular calcification (MAC) cases. The pathophysiology is still unknown. The correct diagnosis and treatment of this disease is very important to prevent complications. We present a case of giant CCMA with advanced mitral stenosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, presenting with symptoms of infection and therefore a preliminary diagnosis of infective endocarditis. Because of these features, we wanted to share our case as it is the 1st case in the literature.
Myelination dictates axonal viscoelasticity
Authors: Chuang Ya‐Chen , Alcantara Ace , Fabris Gloria , Abderezaei Javid , Lu Tse‐An , Melendez‐Vasquez Carmen V. , Kurt Mehmet
Published: March 2023

During development, dramatic changes in myelination, growth of neural networks and changes in grey‐to‐white matter ratio build up the astonishingly plastic brain of a child. The progressive increase in myelination insulates the nervous system, which, in turn, modifies the mechanical microenvironment of the brain spatiotemporally. A growing body of evidence demonstrates the role of mechanical forces in growth, differentiation, maturation and electrical properties of neurons. However, due to limitations in imaging resolution, the exact relationship between myelination, axonal organization and the mechanical properties of nerves at the cellular level is still unknown. Here, we propose a novel approach to study the direct relationship between axonal viscoelasticity with changing fibre anisotropy and myelination during development. With the use of atomic force microscopy (AFM) with in situ fluorescent imaging of the primary neuron‐oligodendrocyte co‐cultures, we found that as axons are progressively myelinated in vitro, their stiffness increases. Direct quantification of myelin along axons using immunofluorescence also demonstrated a positive correlation between increased myelination over time and increased axonal stiffness (p = .001). Notably, AFM measurements along a single axon showed that the Young's modulus measured across myelinated regions were significantly higher than those of adjacent unmyelinated segments at all time points (p < .0001). Force‐relaxation analysis also demonstrated that myelin sheath dominates the regulation of viscoelasticity of axons temporally. Collectively, our findings indicate a direct link between myelination, axonal orientation and viscoelasticity, providing important insights about the mechanical environment in the paediatric brain, with direct implications for our understanding of developmental brain disorders and paediatric brain injury.
Type I spinal muscular atrophy patients treated with nusinersen: 4‐year follow‐up of motor, respiratory and bulbar function
Authors: Pane Marika , Coratti Giorgia , Sansone Valeria A. , Messina Sonia , Catteruccia Michela , Bruno Claudio , Sframeli Maria , Albamonte Emilio , Pedemonte Marina , Brolatti Noemi , Mizzoni Irene , D'Amico Adele , Bravetti Chiara , Berti Beatrice , Palermo Concetta , Leone Daniela , Salmin Francesca , De Sanctis Roberto , Pera Maria Carmela , Piastra Marco , Genovese Orazio , Ricci Federica , Cavallina Ilaria , Masson Riccardo , Zanin Riccardo , Agosto Caterina , Salomon Eleonora , Bruno Irene , Magnolato Andrea , Bertini Enrico , Tiziano Francesco Danilo , Bovis Francesca , Mercuri Eugenio ,   the Italian EAP Working Group
Published: March 2023

Background

We report the 4‐year follow‐up in type I patients treated with nusinersen and the changes in motor, respiratory and bulbar function in relation to subtype, age and SMN2 copy number.

Methods

The study included SMA 1 patients with at least one assessment after 12, 24 and 48 months from the first dose of nusinersen. The assessments used were Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders (CHOP INTEND) and the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE‐II).

Results

Forty‐eight patients, with ages ranging from 7 days to 12 years (mean 3.3 years, SD 3.6 years) were included in the study. The CHOP INTEND and HINE‐II scores significantly increased between baseline and 48 months (p < 0.001). When age at starting treatment subgroups (<210 days, <2 years, 2–4 years, 5–11 years, ≥12 years) were considered, the CHOP INTEND increased significantly in patients younger than 4 years at treatment, while the HINE‐2 increased significantly in patients younger than 2 years at treatment. In a mixed‐model analysis, age, nutritional and respiratory status were predictive of changes on both scales while SMN2 copy number and decimal classification were not.

Conclusions

Our results confirm the safety profile previously reported and support the durability of the efficacy of nusinersen at 4 years with an overall stability or mild improvement and no evidence of deterioration over a long period of time.
Parental support influencing the timing of repeat pregnancy for adolescent mothers
Authors: Norton Jessica R. , Yildirim Elif Dede , Duke Adrienne M. , Moss Regan
Published: March 2023

Objective

This study examined the relationship between parental support and the timing of adolescent mothers' repeat pregnancies.

Background

Short interpregnancy timing during adolescence, or an early repeat pregnancy, is a concerning outcome for adolescent mothers because they exacerbate the previous and ongoing adversities of adolescent mothers. Although social support tends to be positive for parenting and well‐being, it is unclear whether social support is protective for when adolescent mothers experience a repeat pregnancy. Parents are the primary source of support for adolescent mothers; thus, it is important to examine their influence on adolescent mothers' experience(s) of repeat pregnancy.

Methods

Semi‐Markov multistate models were applied to 20 years of data to examine the relationship between support and timing and risk of subsequent pregnancies for 471 adolescent mothers in the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1997.

Results

This study found that emotional and financial support from parents predicts a higher likelihood of delayed repeat pregnancies, whereas informational support from parents predicts earlier repeat pregnancies for adolescent mothers.

Conclusion

The effects of parental support are multifaceted and appear to differentially influence when adolescent mothers experience repeat pregnancies.

Implications

Understanding how parental support influences when adolescent mothers experience repeat pregnancy can inform programs that aim to strengthen family support for pregnant and parenting youth.
The essential role of biodiversity in the key axes of ecosystem function
Authors: Yan Pu , Fernández‐Martínez Marcos , Van Meerbeek Koenraad , Yu Guirui , Migliavacca Mirco , He Nianpeng
Published: March 2023

Biodiversity is essential for maintaining the terrestrial ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF). Recent studies have revealed that the variations in terrestrial ecosystem functions are captured by three key axes: the maximum productivity, water use efficiency, and carbon use efficiency of the ecosystem. However, the role of biodiversity in supporting these three key axes has not yet been explored. In this study, we combined the (i) data collected from more than 840 vegetation plots across a large climatic gradient in China using standard protocols, (ii) data on plant traits and phylogenetic information for more than 2,500 plant species, and (iii) soil nutrient data measured in each plot. These data were used to systematically assess the contribution of environmental factors, species richness, functional and phylogenetic diversity, and community‐weighted mean (CWM) and ecosystem traits (i.e., traits intensity normalized per unit land area) to EMF via hierarchical partitioning and Bayesian structural equation modeling. Multiple biodiversity attributes accounted for 70% of the influence of all the variables on EMF, and ecosystems with high functional diversity had high resource use efficiency. Our study is the first to systematically explore the role of different biodiversity attributes, including species richness, phylogenetic and functional diversity, and CWM and ecosystem traits, in the key axes of ecosystem functions. Our findings underscore that biodiversity conservation is critical for sustaining EMF and ultimately ensuring human well‐being.
Device‐mediated customer behaviour on the internet: A systematic literature review
Authors: Wolf Lukas
Published: March 2023

The proliferation of smartphones, tablets and other digital devices in addition to traditional computers has transformed the Internet into a device‐mediated environment. While these devices provide immediate access to similar Internet sources, they differ significantly in their characteristics, such as screen size, operation mode and context of use. As a consequence, behaviours on the Internet along the customer journey vary substantially depending on the device used. To summarize the fast‐growing body of research on device‐mediated customer behaviour, a systematic, framework‐based literature review of 59 articles from the last decade was conducted. Through an examination of the antecedents, decisions and outcomes investigated in the publications, the review presents a conceptual framework that highlights the relation between device characteristics, decision processes and behavioural outcomes. The review further summarizes the theories, contexts and methods employed in the studies and sets an extensive future research agenda. We found that the extant literature lacks comprehensive theories and clear definitions of digital devices in the omnichannel environment. Furthermore, existing findings should be generalized for other contexts (e.g. industries and countries) and validated via the introduction of other research designs and methods. The understanding of device‐mediated behaviour and the consequently arising marketing measures remains scarce. Thus, this review advances the comprehension of customer behaviour on the Internet and provides researchers and practitioners with information on the implications for customer experience and omnichannel management.
Reappraisal and updated review of maggot debridement therapy in chronic lower extremity ulcers
Authors: Shamloul Gelan , Khachemoune Amor
Published: March 2023

Background

Dating back to the mid‐1500s, maggot debridement therapy (MDT) has been a viable treatment modality for chronic wounds. In early 2004, the sterile larvae of Lucilia sericata received FDA approval for medical marketing for neuropathic, venous, and pressure ulcers, traumatic or surgical wounds, and nonhealing wounds that have not responded to standard care. However, it currently remains an under‐utilized therapy. The proven efficacy of MDT begs the question if this treatment modality should be considered as a first‐line option for all or a subset of chronic lower extremity ulcers.

Objective

This article aims to address the history, production, and evidence of MDT and discuss future considerations for maggot therapy in the healthcare field.

Methods

A literature search using the PubMed database was conducted using keywords, such as wound debridement, maggot therapy, diabetic ulcers, venous ulcers, among others.

Results

MDT reduced short‐term morbidity in non‐ambulatory patients with neuroischemic diabetic ulcers and comorbidity with peripheral vascular disease. Larval therapy was associated with statistically significant bioburden reductions against both Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Faster time to debridement was achieved when chronic venous or mixed venous and arterial ulcers were treated with maggot therapy versus hydrogels.

Conclusions

The literature supports the use of MDT in decreasing the significant costs of treating chronic lower extremity ulcers, with emphasis on those of diabetic origin. Additional studies with global standards for reporting outcomes are necessary to substantiate our results.
Scoping of advanced clinical practitioner role implementation using national job advertisements: Document analysis
Authors: Snaith Beverly , Sutton Claire , Partington Sarah , Mosley Elizabeth
Published: March 2023

Aim

The aim of this study is to profile the contemporary advanced clinical practitioner (ACP) role through standardized document sets.

Design

Documentary analysis of job descriptions (JDs), person specification and advertisements.

Data Sources

England based jobs advertised on NHS jobs website from 22 January to 21 April 2021.

Results

A toatal of 143 trainee and qualified ACP roles were identified. A wide range of sectors and specialities were represented from across all English regions. The most common roles were urgent care, emergency medicine and primary care. Most qualified roles were agenda for change band 8A, although this did vary across specialities. Many roles were restricted to a small number of professions, notably nursing, physiotherapy and paramedic. Inconsistent role titles were noted. A lack of understanding of regulation across different professions was noted.

Conclusion

The ACP role has become an accepted across healthcare providers in England. Implementation remains varied across specialities and organizations. Eligibility criteria may relate to professional bias.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

ACP roles are expanding but this may be at the detriment to advanced nursing posts. Inconsistency in role eligibility suggests some professional bias exists.

Impact

This was scoping of ACP roles across England using job advertisements. ACP roles are common across sectors and specialities but eligibility varies. The research will have impact on those looking to recruit to ACP roles as well as those refining JDs.

Reporting Method

No EQUATOR guideline exists for document analysis.

Patient or Public Contribution

No Patient or Public Contribution. The research relates to organizational human resource information only.
Ritual and Affect in Europe Day Celebrations: Institutional Practices of European Identity Construction in Crisis
Authors: Lambert Marina
Published: March 2023

This article analyses Europe Day celebration practices and explores the role of ritual and its utility in eliciting the affective dimension of European identity construction in crisis. The article reflects on the considerable variation of Europe Day celebration practices, proposes a typology of Europe Day events and reflects on their merit in eliciting reason‐ and affect‐driven institutional approaches in the strategic promotion of European identity to the public. The article employs affect theory to reflect on the relationship between emotions and identity. It argues that institutional efforts aimed to promote European identity within the Europe Day platform rely on actualizing the affective potential underpinning collective identities with the view to compel public support for European integration by inciting emotional engagement and boosting the public's affective investment.
Practitioner Review: Psychosis in children and adolescents
Authors: Sunshine Anna , McClellan Jon
Published: March 2023

Psychotic symptoms, including hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking and behaviors, are the hallmarks of schizophrenia; but may also present in the context of other psychiatric and medical conditions. Many children and adolescents describe psychotic‐like experiences, which can be associated with other types of psychopathology and past experiences (e.g., trauma, substance use, and suicidality). However, most youth reporting such experiences do not have, nor will ever develop, schizophrenia or another psychotic disorder. Accurate assessment is critical because these different presentations have different diagnostic and treatment implications. For this review, we focus primarily on the diagnosis and treatment of early onset schizophrenia. In addition, we review the development of community‐based first‐episode psychosis programming, and the importance of early intervention and coordinated care.
Risk prediction of hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers in elderly Chinese: The Dongfeng‐Tongji cohort
Authors: Lyu Jingjing , Guan Xin , Zhou Yuhan , Guo Huan , Cheng Shanshan , Wang Chaolong
Published: March 2023

Aim

Hepatobiliary and pancreatic (HBP) cancers are among the deadliest malignancies. The objective of the study is to build cost‐effective models to identify high‐risk individuals for early diagnosis and substantially to reduce the burden of HBP cancers.

Methods

Based on the prospective Dongfeng‐Tongji cohort with ∼6 years follow‐up, we identified 162 incident cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 53 of biliary tract cancer (BTC), and 58 of pancreatic cancer (PC). We matched three controls to each case by age, sex, and hospital. We applied conditional logistic regression to identify predictive clinical variables, from which we constructed clinical risk scores (CRSs). We evaluated the utility of CRSs in stratifying high‐risk individuals by 10‐fold cross‐validation.

Results

Among 50 variables we screened, 6 were independent predictors of HCC, with the top ones being hepatitis (OR = 8.51, 95% CI (3.83, 18.9)), plateletcrit (OR = 0.57, 95% CI (0.42, 0.78)), and alanine aminotransferase (OR = 2.06, 95% CI (1.39, 3.06)). Gallstone (OR = 2.70, 95% CI (1.17, 6.24)) and direct bilirubin (OR = 1.58, 95% CI (1.08, 2.31)) were predictive of BTC, while hyperlipidemia (OR = 2.56, 95% CI (1.12, 5.82)) and fasting blood glucose (OR = 2.00, 95% CI (1.26, 3.15)) were predictive of PC. The CRSs achieved AUCs of 0.784 for HCC, 0.648 for BTC, and 0.666 for PC, respectively. When applying to the full cohort with age and sex included as predictors, the AUCs were increased to 0.818, 0.704, and 0.699, respectively.

Conclusions

Disease history and routine clinical variables are predictive of incident HBP cancers in elderly Chinese.
Caregiver burden among parents of children with chronic diseases: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Shattnawi Khulood Kayed , Al Ali Nahla , Almanasreh Ala'a Aref , Al‐Motlaq Mohammad A.
Published: March 2023

Aims and Objectives

This study aimed to assess the perceived caregiver burden among parents of chronically ill children in Jordan.

Background

Although there are few studies on the accurate prevalence of chronic diseases among Jordanian children, there are a few on the burden of caregiving, which is important because most children with chronic illness rely on their caregivers to perform their daily tasks. In Jordan, little is known about the caregiver burden associated with caring for children with chronic diseases.

Design

A cross‐sectional design was reported in line with the STROBE guidelines.

Methods

The Katz Index of Independence was used to determine the children's level of dependence, and the Burden Scale for Family Caregivers was used to measure the caregivers' level of burden.

Results

Nearly, 49.3% of caregivers had a very severe burden, 31.2% of children had a severe functional impairment, 19.6% had a moderate impairment, and 49.3% had full functionality. Based on their children's dependency, caregivers' subjective burden varied greatly (p < .001). Fully functional children had a far lower disease burden than severely and moderately disabled children (p < .001). The caregiver burden score differed significantly across chronic disease categories (p < .001). Unemployed caregivers had a far higher subjective burden than working caregivers (p = .009), and single (divorced/widowed) caregivers had higher burdens than married caregivers.

Conclusions

Various factors can increase caregiver burden. Therefore, healthcare providers must plan holistic and family‐centred interventions to reduce the caregiving burden.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

There is a need to establish support programs to help reduce the level of burden among caregivers of children with chronic diseases.
The influence of patient and caregiver depression on patient self‐care and caregiver contribution to self‐care in ostomy: A dyadic analysis
Authors: Iovino Paolo , De Maria Maddalena , Corvese Francesco , Giordano Vittoria , Alvaro Rosaria , Vellone Ercole , Villa Giulia
Published: March 2023

Aims and Objectives

To explore the association between patient and caregiver depression and patient self‐care and caregiver contribution to self‐care in the context of ostomy care.

Background

Self‐care is essential for ostomy patients and their caregivers. The ostomy self‐care process can be considered a dyadic phenomenon in which the patient and the caregiver interact together and work as a team. The presence of depressive symptoms may limit the patient's ability to perform self‐care and caregivers' abilities to engage in caregiving tasks. Research into the dyadic influence of depression on self‐care behaviours from the perspective of ostomates and their caregivers is still in its infancy.

Design

Secondary analysis of a multicentre, cross‐sectional study. The STROBE checklist was used to report the present study.

Methods

Patient–caregiver dyads were recruited from eight ostomy outpatient clinics from February 2017 to May 2018. Depression was assessed with the nine‐item Patient Health Questionnaire in both patients and caregivers. Patient self‐care was evaluated with the Ostomy Self‐Care Index, and caregiver contribution to self‐care was assessed with the Caregiver Contribution to Ostomy Self‐Care Index. Both instruments measure the dimensions of maintenance, monitoring and management. The actor–partner interdependence model was performed for the dyadic analysis.

Results

In total, 252 patient–caregiver dyads (patients: 69.8% male, mean age 70.05; caregivers: 80.6% female, mean age 58.7) were enrolled. Patient depression was positively associated with caregiver contribution to self‐care maintenance. Caregiver depression was negatively associated with self‐care management.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

These findings add a better understanding of the reciprocal influence of dyadic depression on patient and caregiver contributions to self‐care in ostomy contexts was found. Patient and caregiver depression influence patient self‐care and caregiver contribution to self‐care. Therefore, clinicians should assess and treat depression in both members of the dyad to improve self‐care.
Retracted: The Role of Educational Programs in the Development of Secondary Education (on the Example of Training Mathematics Teacher)
Authors: Nurbaeva Dilara M. , Abylkassymova Alma E. , Nurmukhamedova Zhanara M. , Erzhenbek Bulbul
Published: March 2023

Nurbaeva, D. M., Abylkassymova, A. E., Nurmukhamedova, Z. M., Erzhenbek, B. (2023) “” Mind, Brain, and Education (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/mbe.12349).

The above article, published online on 28 January 2023 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor, Paul Matusz, and Wiley Periodicals LLC. Following publication, investigation by the Editor and the publisher revealed concerns about the validity of the data. The peer review process was found to be compromised and the authors were not able to provide underlying data to support the conclusions. As a result, the findings reported in the article are not considered reliable. The authors did not respond when informed about the decision to retract.
Vision‐based real‐time marine and offshore structural health monitoring system using underwater robots
Authors: Jiao Pengcheng , Ye Xinghong , Zhang Chenjie , Li Wentao , Wang Haipeng
Published: March 2023

Structural health monitoring (SHM) plays an increasingly vital role in guaranteeing the operation success of marine and offshore (MO) structures while reducing their risks of structural failure. In this study, a real‐time MO‐SHM system based on the highly controllable underwater robots is developed, which is functionalized with three modules, that is, underwater monitoring robots, vision‐based image processing and analyzing, and time‐dependent damage assessing and early warning. The robotic module is actuated by the hybrid driving method that combines the combustion‐based actuators (ejection) and propeller thrusters (propulsion) for transient actuation ability and well reliability in complex underwater environments. The image processing and analyzing module is conducted based on the You Only Look Once (YOLO)‐Underwater model that is expanded by the transfer learning and attention mechanisms and the underwater preconditioning and warning correction added for the specific underwater concrete identification. The damage assessing and early warning module is achieved by the time‐dependent hybrid analytic hierarchy process method that is integrated with the ordered weighted averaging and entropy weight method for more objective assessment and feedback. The reported MO‐SHM system provides design guidance for the next‐generation multifunctional underwater devices that combine analyzing and early warning for underwater concrete structures.
Breaking the chains: Decolonizing the language of Nursology
Authors: Suárez‐Baquero Daniel Felipe Martín
Published: March 2023

In this article, I discuss the concept of ‘Decolonizing Nursing’, answering what this process is about, and how and when it should be done. I introduce the idea of epistemological dominance and the concepts of colonization and decolonization of nursing knowledge. I describe my experiences of coming from Latin America and facing Anglo‐Saxon academy to discuss core disciplinary nursing knowledge and provide reflections around the decolonization of nursing language.
The effects of COVID‐19 on pediatric and adult solid organ transplant recipients and the emergence of telehealth
Authors: Raina Rupesh , Shah Raghav , Marks Stephen D. , Johnson Jonathan N. , Nied Matthew , Bhatt Girish C. , Bonham Clark A. , Datla Nithin , Sethi Sidharth Kumar , Bartosh Sharon M.
Published: March 2023

Background

The SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic and corresponding acute respiratory syndrome have affected all populations and led to millions of deaths worldwide. The pandemic disproportionately affected immunocompromised and immunosuppressed adult patients who had received solid organ transplants (SOTs). With the onset of the pandemic, transplant societies across the world recommended reducing SOT activities to avoid exposing immunosuppressed recipients. Due to the risk of COVID‐19‐related outcomes, SOT providers adapted the way they deliver care to their patients, leading to a reliance on telehealth. Telehealth has helped organ transplant programs continue treatment regimens while protecting patients and physicians from COVID‐19 transmission. This review highlights the adverse effects of COVID‐19 on transplant activities and summarizes the increased role of telehealth in the management of solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) in both pediatric and adult populations.

Methods

A comprehensive systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted to accentuate the outcomes of COVID‐19 and analyze the efficacy of telehealth on transplant activities. This in‐depth examination summarizes extensive data on the clinical detriments of COVID‐19 in transplant recipients, advantages, disadvantages, patient/physician perspectives, and effectiveness in transplant treatment plans via telehealth.

Results

COVID‐19 has caused an increase in mortality, morbidity, hospitalization, and ICU admission in SOTRs. Telehealth efficacy and benefits to both patients and physicians have increasingly been reported.

Conclusions

Developing effective systems of telehealth delivery has become a top priority for healthcare providers during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Further research is necessary to validate the effectiveness of telehealth in other settings.
The Euthyphro challenge in metasemantics
Authors: Luzon Bar
Published: March 2023

This paper argues that functionalist metasemantic views, such as Conceptual Role Semantics and Interpretivism, face a Euthyphro challenge. The challenge, put roughly, is this: functionalist metasemantic views reverse the order of explanation. According to such views, representational mental states have the contents that they do partly because they play certain roles in our mental lives. According to an intuitive picture of the roles that representational mental states play in our mental lives, however, these states play the roles they do partly because they have the contents that they do. Since explanations—even partial ones—are asymmetric (call this principle ‘the Euthyphro Principle’), we can't accept both this intuitive picture and a functionalist metasemantics. Hence, we should reject all versions of the latter. This paper can be seen as an attempt to better articulate an intuition that has been suggested in various forms in the literature. The paper proceeds as follows. First, it shows that functionalist metasemantic views imply certain ‘partly because’ claims. Second, it argues for the Euthyphro Principle. Third, it defends the intuitive picture of representational mental states and shows that it implies ‘partly because’ claims that conflict with those made by functionalist metasemantic views. Finally, it considers ways of relaxing the intuitive picture and finds them all wanting.