bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variability in Health Impact: Examining Lifestyle and Dietary Habits Across Different Stages of Adolescence: A Comprehensive Literature Review
Authors: Joshi Samiksha , Mardik Shivani , Verma Priyanka , Rajagopalan Harini , Siddiqui Mohammad Haris , Lachyan Abhishek
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Adolescence is a critical developmental phase marked by significant physical, cognitive, and identity transformations. This paper provides an extensive overview of adolescent lifestyle and dietary habits, aiming to explore their profound impact on health.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review gathered data from academic journals, government health reports, and relevant sources. Data were systematically selected and synthesized, categorizing information into key themes like nutrition, physical activity, and peer/media influence. Ethical guidelines were rigorously followed to ensure the research's integrity.

Results: Adolescents often make suboptimal choices in lifestyle and diet, elevating the risk of chronic diseases. Urgent interventions and educational programs are needed to promote healthier adolescent choices.

Discussion: Poor dietary choices and declining physical activity among adolescents demand comprehensive nutrition education programs and collaborative efforts involving schools, parents, and healthcare providers. Educational programs emphasizing critical thinking and emotional intelligence can empower adolescents to make informed lifestyle and dietary decisions.

Conclusion: Adolescence shapes lifelong habits, and understanding the challenges they face is crucial for their well-being. Effective interventions and educational programs can guide them toward healthier choices, mitigating the adverse effects of suboptimal habits on their immediate and long-term health.
A Review on Advances in Biocontrol Techniques for Managing Insect Pests in Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Thilagam P. , Sharanappa C. H. , Roy Shalini , Deb Lipa , Padhan Sudipta , Srividhya S. , Awadhiya Prachi
Published: November 2023

Biocontrol techniques represent a vital avenue in the quest for sustainable agricultural practices. This approach, integrating ecological intelligence with modern scientific advancements, is seeing increasing adoption in various regions, notably in India. Drawing inspiration from nature's own mechanisms, biocontrol employs specific organisms or their biological derivatives to manage and mitigate pests, thereby decreasing the dependency on chemical agents. Through an in-depth exploration of biocontrol applications, this study places a special emphasis on India's initiatives and contrasts them with global endeavors. Noteworthy examples include the innovative use of parasitic wasps to combat the papaya mealybug menace in Tamil Nadu, the strategic application of fungi like Trichoderma for disease control in Maharashtra, and the successful introduction of parasitoid wasps to manage olive flies in regions like California. Rooted in foundational ecological principles, these methodologies exhibit potential benefits that span improved crop yields, economic viability, and most importantly, reduced environmental adversities. Effective deployment and scaling of these techniques require an integrated approach, emphasizing collaboration among researchers, farming communities, and industry stakeholders. By presenting a detailed analysis of these synergistic efforts, this review accentuates the transformative potential of biocontrol. As the global community faces the dual challenges of an expanding population and the unpredictable impacts of climate change, the promise of biocontrol looms large, offering a sustainable pathway for the agriculture of the future.
Breast Cancer Incidence After a False-Positive Mammography Result
Authors: Mao Xinhe , He Wei , Humphreys Keith , Eriksson Mikael , Holowko Natalie , Yang Haomin , Tapia José , Hall Per , Czene Kamila
Published: November 2023

Importance

False-positive mammography results are common. However, long-term outcomes after a false-positive result remain unclear.

Objectives

To examine long-term outcomes after a false-positive mammography result and to investigate whether the association of a false-positive mammography result with cancer differs by baseline characteristics, tumor characteristics, and time since the false-positive result.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based, matched cohort study was conducted in Sweden from January 1, 1991, to March 31, 2020. It included 45 213 women who received a first false-positive mammography result between 1991 and 2017 and 452 130 controls matched on age, calendar year of mammography, and screening history (no previous false-positive result). The study also included 1113 women with a false-positive result and 11 130 matched controls with information on mammographic breast density from the Karolinska Mammography Project for Risk Prediction of Breast Cancer study. Statistical analysis was performed from April 2022 to February 2023.

Exposure

A false-positive mammography result.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Breast cancer incidence and mortality.

Results

The study cohort included 497 343 women (median age, 52 years [IQR, 42-59 years]). The 20-year cumulative incidence of breast cancer was 11.3% (95% CI, 10.7%-11.9%) among women with a false-positive result vs 7.3% (95% CI, 7.2%-7.5%) among those without, with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.61 (95% CI, 1.54-1.68). The corresponding HRs were higher among women aged 60 to 75 years at the examination (HR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.80-2.26) and those with lower mammographic breast density (HR, 4.65; 95% CI, 2.61-8.29). In addition, breast cancer risk was higher for women who underwent a biopsy at the recall (HR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.63-1.92) than for those without a biopsy (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.43-1.60). Cancers after a false-positive result were more likely to be detected on the ipsilateral side of the false-positive result (HR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.81-2.04) and were more common during the first 4 years of follow-up (HR, 2.57; 95% CI, 2.33-2.85 during the first 2 years; HR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.76-2.12 at >2 to 4 years). No statistical difference was found for different tumor characteristics (except for larger tumor size). Furthermore, associated with the increased risk of breast cancer, women with a false-positive result had an 84% higher rate of breast cancer death than those without (HR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.57-2.15).

Conclusions and Relevance

This study suggests that the risk of developing breast cancer after a false-positive mammography result differs by individual characteristics and follow-up. These findings can be used to develop individualized risk-based breast cancer screening after a false-positive result.
Chalcogenide Perovskite Thin Films with Controlled Phases for Optoelectronics
Authors: Yu Zhonghai , Hui Haolei , West Damien , Zhang Han , Sun Yiyang , Kong Sen , Zhang Yin , Deng Chenhua , Yang Sen , Zhang Shengbai , Zeng Hao
Published: November 2023

Chalcogenide perovskites have emerged as promising semiconductor materials due to their appealing properties, including tunable bandgaps, high absorption coefficients, reasonable carrier lifetimes and mobilities, excellent chemical stability, and environmentally benign nature. However, beyond the well‐studied BaZrS3, reports on chalcogenide perovskite thin films with diverse compositions are scarce. In this study, the realization of four different types of chalcogenide perovskite thin films with controlled phases, through CS2 annealing of amorphous chalcogenide precursor films deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD), is reported. This achievement is guided by a thorough theoretical investigation of the phase stability of chalcogenide perovskites. Upon crystallization in the distorted perovskite phase, all materials exhibit photoluminescence (PL) with peak positions in the visible range, consistent with their expected bandgap values. However, the full‐width‐at‐half‐maximum (FWHM) of the PL spectra varies significantly across these materials, ranging from 99 meV for SrHfS3 to 231 meV for BaHfS3. The difference is attributed to the difference in kinetic barriers between local structural motifs for the Sr and Ba compounds. The findings underscore the promise of chalcogenide perovskite thin films as an alternative to traditional halide perovskites for optoelectronic applications, while highlighting the challenges in optimizing their synthesis and performance.
Retarding Ion Migration for Stable Blade‐Coated Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhu Hongwei , Shao Bingyao , Yin Jun , Shen Zhongjin , Wang Lijie , Huang Ren‐Wu , Chen Bin , Wehbe Nimer , Ahmad Taimoor , Abulikemu Mutalifu , Jamal Aqil , Gereige Issam , Freitag Marina , Mohammed Omar F. , Sargent Edward H. , Bakr Osman M.
Published: November 2023

The fabrication of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) through blade coating is seen as one of the most viable paths toward commercialization. However, relative to the less scalable spin coating method, the blade coating process often results in more defective perovskite films with lower grain uniformity. Ion migration, facilitated by those elevated defect levels, is one of the main triggers of phase segregation and device instability. Here, a bifunctional molecule, p‐aminobenzoic acid (PABA), which enhances the barrier to ion migration, induces grain growth along the (100) facet, and promotes the formation of homogeneous perovskite films with fewer defects, is reported. As a result, PSCs with PABA achieved impressive power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 23.32% and 22.23% for devices with active areas of 0.1 cm2 and 1 cm2, respectively. Furthermore, these devices maintain 93.8% of their initial efficiencies after 1 000 h under 1‐sun illumination, 75 °C, and 10% relative humidity conditions.
Purple‐Light Promoted Thiol‐ene Reaction of Alkenes
Authors: Renzi Polyssena , Rusconi Marco , Ghigo Giovanni , Deagostino Annamaria
Published: November 2023

Here we present a catalyst‐free protocol for the purple light‐mediated anti‐Markovnikov functionalization of alkenes with thiols. Crucial to the generation of the thiyl radical was the formation of a key photo‐active complex. More than 30 thioether products were obtained, demonstrating tolerance towards different functional groups and scalability up to 5 mmol of alkene. Two different reaction conditions have been developed, varying both the solvent and the amount of thiol. Depending on the alkene structure, water can be used as an alternative to dichloromethane as a solvent, thus increasing the sustainability of the whole process.
Tissue Equivalent Curved Organic X‐ray Detectors Utilizing High Atomic Number Polythiophene Analogues
Authors: Nanayakkara M. Prabodhi A. , He Qiao , Ruseckas Arvydas , Karalasingam Anushanth , Matjacic Lidija , Masteghin Mateus G. , Basiricò Laura , Fratelli Ilaria , Ciavatti Andrea , Kilbride Rachel C. , Jenatsch Sandra , Parnell Andrew J. , Fraboni Beatrice , Nisbet Andrew , Heeney Martin , Jayawardena K. D. G. Imalka , Silva S. Ravi P.
Published: November 2023

Organic semiconductors are a promising material candidate for X‐ray detection. However, the low atomic number (Z) of organic semiconductors leads to poor X‐ray absorption thus restricting their performance. Herein, the authors propose a new strategy for achieving high‐sensitivity performance for X‐ray detectors based on organic semiconductors modified with high –Z heteroatoms. X‐ray detectors are fabricated with p‐type organic semiconductors containing selenium heteroatoms (poly(3‐hexyl)selenophene (P3HSe)) in blends with an n‐type fullerene derivative ([6,6]‐Phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC70BM). When characterized under 70, 100, 150, and 220 kVp X‐ray radiation, these heteroatom‐containing detectors displayed a superior performance in terms of sensitivity up to 600 ± 11 nC Gy−1 cm−2 with respect to the bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) nanoparticle (NP) sensitized organic detectors. Despite the lower Z of selenium compared to the NPs typically used, the authors identify a more efficient generation of electron‐hole pairs, better charge transfer, and charge transport characteristics in heteroatom‐incorporated detectors that result in this breakthrough detector performance. The authors also demonstrate flexible X‐ray detectors that can be curved to a radius as low as 2 mm with low deviation in X‐ray response under 100 repeated bending cycles while maintaining an industry‐standard ultra‐low dark current of 0.03 ± 0.01 pA mm−2.
Fundamental Understanding and Applications of Protonic Y‐ and Yb‐Coped Ba(Ce,Zr)O3 Perovskites: State‐of‐the‐Art and Perspectives
Authors: Danilov Nikolai A. , Starostina Inna A. , Starostin George N. , Kasyanova Anna V. , Medvedev Dmitry A. , Shao Zongping
Published: November 2023

Proton‐conducting oxide materials are interesting objects from both fundamental and applied viewpoints due to the origination of protonic defects in a crystal structure as a result of their interaction with hydrogen‐containing atmospheres at elevated temperatures. The high mobility of such defects at temperatures between 400 and 700 °C leads to superior ionic conductivity. As a result, some perovskite‐type proton‐conducting oxides have been proposed as electrolytes for solid oxide fuel and electrolysis cells. Barium cerate (BaCeO3), barium zirconate (BaZrO3), and barium cerate‐zirconates (BaCeO3–BaZrO3) have been widely studied in terms of the parent phases of proton‐conducting electrolytes. Among them, Y and Yb co‐doped Ba(Ce,Zr)O3 can be identified as one of the most promising systems so far. This review discloses key functional properties of such phases and explains the increased attention of researchers to this system.
Ultra‐High DC and Low Impedance Output for Free‐Standing Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Ren Dahu , Yang Huake , Zhang Xuemei , Li Qianying , Yang Qianxi , Li Xiaochuan , Ji Peiyuan , Yu Peng , Xi Yi , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: November 2023

The free‐standing triboelectric nanogenerator (F‐S TENG) is demonstrated to be an efficient energy conversion device. However, limited by the inherent features of high‐voltage, low alternating current and high output impedance, TENGs suffer from inefficient energy utilization and difficulties in practical applications. Therefore, the efficient harvest of mechanical energy and optimization of output are currently critical issues for TENGs. Here, a strategy is proposed for optimizing the inherent features by coupling F‐S TENG to a capacitor auto‐conversion circuit (CAC). For the first time, a specific idea is proposed explicitly to reduce the output impedance by the management circuit. Eventually, a high current density of 32 A m−2 and a charge density of 1.75 mC m−2 are achieved, which is 8.78 times higher than previous works. The power density and energy density reach to 124 W m−2 and 252 mJ m−2 under 470 and 150 Ω respectively. Then, 5000 LEDs and two lamps rated at 220 V and 50 W are manually illuminated. The resulting pulse output is utilized as a trigger source for the thyristor, enabling DC contactless switching. This work provides a novel approach to realize high‐performance DC output of TENGs and effectively reduce external load impedance.
Genotype and phenotype characterization of primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy type 2 and chronic enteropathy associated with SLCO2A1: Report of two cases and literature review
Authors: Kimball Tamara N. , Rivero‐García Pamela , Barrera‐Godínez Alejandro , Domínguez‐Cherit Judith
Published: November 2023

Autosomal recessive type 2 primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (PHOAR2) and chronic enteropathy associated with SLCO2A1 (CEAS) are two entities caused by pathogenic variants (PVs) in the SLCO2A1 gene that can coexist or occur independently from one another. We report two cases of PHOAR2 in Mexico with concomitant CEAS and conducted a review of the literature of the reported cases of PHOAR2 and/or CEAS to analyze the relationship between their genotype and phenotype presentation. The patients from our Institution with classical PHOAR2 phenotype and CEAS, harbored SLCO2A1 c.547G > A and c.1768del variants. We reviewed 232 cases, of which 86.6% were of Asian origin, and identified 109 different variants in SLCO2A1. Intron 7, exon 13, and exon 4 were predominantly affected. The two most common PVs were c.940 + 1G > A and c.1807C > T. We found a statistically significant association between SLCO2A1 variants located in intron 7, exons 12, and 13 and the development of CEAS. Missense variants were more frequent in isolated PHOAR2, while a greater proportion of protein‐truncating variants (PTVs) were found in CEAS. Further investigation is imperative to elucidate the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms associated with CEAS, thereby facilitating the identification of effective therapeutic interventions.
A Mechanistic Understanding of the Distinct Regio‐ and Chemoselectivity of Multifunctional P450s by Structural Comparison of IkaD and CftA Complexed with Common Substrates
Authors: Jiang Peng , Jin Hongbo , Zhang Guangtao , Zhang Wenjun , Liu Wei , Zhu Yiguang , Zhang Changsheng , Zhang Liping
Published: November 2023

Regio‐ and chemoselective C−H activation at multi‐positions of a single molecule is fascinating but chemically challenging. The homologous cytochrome P450 enzymes IkaD and CftA catalyze multiple C−H oxidations on the same polycyclic tetramate macrolactam (PoTeM) ikarugamycin, with distinct regio‐ and chemoselectivity. Herein we provide mechanistic understanding of their functional differences by solving crystal structures of IkaD and CftA in complex with ikarugamycin and unnatural substrates. Distinct conformations of the F/G region in IkaD and CftA are found to differentiate the orientation of PoTeM substrates, by causing different binding patterns with polar moieties to determine site selection, oxidation order, and chemoselectivity. Fine‐tuning the polar subpocket altered the regioselectivity of IkaD, indicating that substrate re‐orientation by mutating residues distal to the oxidation site could serve as an important method in future engineering of P450 enzymes.
Phenoxythiazoline (FTz)‐Cobalt(II) Precatalysts Enable C(sp2)–C(sp3) Bond‐Formation for Key Intermediates in the Synthesis of Toll‐like Receptor 7/8 Antagonists**
Authors: Mills L. Reginald , Di Mare Francesca , Gygi David , Lee Heejun , Simmons Eric M. , Kim Junho , Wisniewski Steven R. , Chirik Paul J.
Published: November 2023

Evaluation of the relative rates of the cobalt‐catalyzed C(sp2)–C(sp3) Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling between the neopentylglycol ester of 4‐fluorophenylboronic acid and N‐Boc‐4‐bromopiperidine established that smaller N‐alkyl substituents on the phenoxyimine (FI) supporting ligand accelerated the overall rate of the reaction. This trend inspired the design of optimal cobalt catalysts with phenoxyoxazoline (FOx) and phenoxythiazoline (FTz) ligands. An air‐stable cobalt(II) precatalyst, (FTz)CoBr(py)3 was synthesized and applied to the cross‐coupling of an indole‐5‐boronic ester nucleophile with a piperidine‐4‐bromide electrophile that is relevant to the synthesis of reported toll‐like receptor (TLR) 7/8 antagonist molecules including afimetoran. Addition of excess KOMe⋅B(OiPr)3 improved catalyst lifetime due to attenuation of alkoxide basicity that otherwise resulted in demetallation of the FI chelate. A first‐order dependence on the cobalt precatalyst and a saturation regime in nucleophile were observed, supporting turnover‐limiting transmetalation and the origin of the observed trends in N‐imine substitution.
Structure and properties of bio‐based poly(trimethylene terephthalate)/polyamide 56 blends prepared by melt mixing
Authors: Wang Aming , Zhou Xingxing , Li Dawei , Li Haoxuan , Liu Qingsheng , Deng Bingyao , Xu Weilin
Published: November 2023

The extensive use of conventional petroleum‐based polymers consumes large amounts of energy and emits a lot of carbon dioxide. Therefore, the development and popularization of bio‐based polymer materials are highly significant for ecological reasons. Herein, a series of poly(trimethylene terephthalate)/polyamide 56 (PTT/PA56) blends with different weight ratios were prepared by melt blending of two bio‐based polymers, PTT and PA56. The phase structure, miscibility, crystallization and melting behaviors, crystal structure, and mechanical and water absorption properties of PTT/PA56 blend systems were investigated. The results showed that PTT and PA56 were immiscible in the whole range of compositions. The immiscibility of the blend system intensified with the increase of dispersed phase content. As PA56 content increased, tensile strength and elongation at break of samples assumed an increasing trend, whereas impact strength initially remained almost unchanged and then gradually decreased. In contrast, increasing PA56 content gradually increased water absorption of samples. Comprehensive analysis indicated that the best combination of different properties was obtained for the PTT/PA56 blends including 60–80 wt% PA56.
A fully bio‐based monomer derived from undecylenic acid, glycerol, and CO2 useful for the synthesis of polyhydroxyurethanes
Authors: Inciarte Helen C. , Cortés Natalia , Echeverri David A. , Rios Luis A.
Published: November 2023

Undecylenic acid, glycerol, and CO2 were used as building blocks for obtaining a fully bio‐based carbonated monomer, useful for polyurethanes. The functionality of the monomer was close to 3 cyclic carbonates/mol, located in terminal positions. In a first stage, a synthetic triglyceride was obtained with 99% selectivity by esterification of glycerol and undecylenic acid at 160°C. The triglyceride was then epoxidized using H2O2 and Amberlyst 15 or Amberlite IR‐120 acidic exchange resins at 57°C. The selectivity to epoxide was kept constant at 98% using Amberlite IR‐120. Terminal cyclic carbonates were then inserted through epoxide moieties under mild conditions by the chemical fixation of CO2 at 80°C and 6 MPa in 6 h. A complete conversion was obtained in 6 h reaction while the selectivity to carbonate groups was near to 99% during all the reaction time. An elastomeric polyhydroxyurethane was obtained by aminolysis of the carbonated monomer with ethylenediamine at 70°C, affording a Young's modulus of 22.6 MPa and Tg of −15.2°C. The material showed a good thermal stability below 240°C.
Charge transfer of 1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivative, its functional polymers and study of their different aggregation‐induced emission enhancement behaviors
Authors: Liu Juan , Xi Jingjing , Mei Xiao , Xu Lingyun , Zhang Youhao , Nie Linhan , Mao Tingting , Lu Zifan , Zha Huiying , Zhou Xuke
Published: November 2023

In this study, a symmetrical D‐π‐A‐π‐D initiator ViOXD, based on substituted amino donor (D) and 1,3,4‐oxadiazole acceptor (A), with rigid stilbene π‐bridge was synthesized. The photophysical investigation of ViOXD in solution and aggregate state showed its solvatochromic and aggregation‐caused quenching characteristics, because of its strong charge transfer and the formation of H‐aggregates, respectively. The introduction of peripheral polystyrene or carbazole‐containing PVPCz chains via atom transfer radical polymerization not only recovered the fluorescence of the ViOXD core, but also tuned its maximum emission wavelength in aggregate state, due to the stronger electron‐donating ability and better conjugation of PVPCz chains than polystyrene chains. On the other hand, the large conjugation length and symmetrical charge transfer from the ends to the cores of ViOXD facilitated the electronic delocalization and bestowed the end‐functionalized polymers with good fluorescence in aggregate state, which we have applied in cellular imaging by preparation of their fluorescent nanoparticles.
Improving student learning and performance through a continuous flipped anatomy teaching model
Authors: Xiao Junhua
Published: November 2023

The flipped classroom teaching model has been widely used in anatomy education to embrace a blended learning strategy. However, the impact that a continuous flipped classroom teaching model exerts on student learning of human topographic anatomy remains unclear. To address this question, student learning experience and performance were compared between third‐year undergraduate students who participated in a continuous flipped anatomy classroom teaching since their first year (n = 65, experimental group) and those under the flipped anatomy teaching model only in their third year (n = 45, control group). A five‐point Likert scale learning and teaching survey was conducted to evaluate students' perceptions of the flipped classroom model. Students under a continuous flipped classroom teaching model rated significantly higher on the impact of the flipped model on learning difficult anatomy concepts than the control group (*p = 0.0346). The rating on independent learning remained not statistically different between the two groups, although a trend difference was detected (p = 0.0604). Analysis of learning performance revealed that the experimental group significantly outperformed the control group when answering questions focusing on regional anatomy (*p = 0.0207). No significant difference was identified in students' marks of case‐based studies between the two groups. In summary, the results of this study indicate that the flipped classroom model implemented over a long term continues to advance students' learning experience and performance in anatomy, indicating a “dose” effect on active learning. The findings of this study will assist the best practices of the flipped anatomy classroom and develop evidence‐informed approaches to advance anatomy education in the future.
Multivariate joint model under competing risks to predict death of hospitalized patients for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Lavalley‐Morelle Alexandra , Peiffer‐Smadja Nathan , Gressens Simon B. , Souhail Bérénice , Lahens Alexandre , Bounhiol Agathe , Lescure François‐Xavier , Mentré France , Mullaert Jimmy
Published: November 2023

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, several clinical prognostic scores have been proposed and evaluated in hospitalized patients, relying on variables available at admission. However, capturing data collected from the longitudinal follow‐up of patients during hospitalization may improve prediction accuracy of a clinical outcome. To answer this question, 327 patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 and hospitalized in an academic French hospital between January and July 2020 are included in the analysis. Up to 59 biomarkers were measured from the patient admission to the time to death or discharge from hospital. We consider a joint model with multiple linear or nonlinear mixed‐effects models for biomarkers evolution, and a competing risks model involving subdistribution hazard functions for the risks of death and discharge. The links are modeled by shared random effects, and the selection of the biomarkers is mainly based on the significance of the link between the longitudinal and survival parts. Three biomarkers are retained: the blood neutrophil counts, the arterial pH, and the C‐reactive protein. The predictive performances of the model are evaluated with the time‐dependent area under the curve (AUC) for different landmark and horizon times, and compared with those obtained from a baseline model that considers only information available at admission. The joint modeling approach helps to improve predictions when sufficient information is available. For landmark 6 days and horizon of 30 days, we obtain AUC [95% CI] 0.73 [0.65, 0.81] and 0.81 [0.73, 0.89] for the baseline and joint model, respectively (p = 0.04). Statistical inference is validated through a simulation study.
Timing co‐creation: A reward‐based crowdfunding perspective
Authors: Primanti Haryani , Japutra Arnold , van Doorn Sebastiaan , Ekaputra Irwan Adi , Hati Sri Rahayu Hijrah
Published: November 2023

Reward‐based crowdfunding provides a rich arena for co‐creation, where different types of dialogues between backers and project initiators aid crowdfunding performance. Nevertheless, research on how backers' co‐creation, in the form of comments, influences crowdfunding performance is still scarce. Based on signaling theory, this research investigates the impact of backers' specific co‐creation comments (we coded comments for co‐ideation, co‐evaluation, and co‐design) on crowdfunding performance. The present study also examines whether the timing of posting co‐creation comments influences associated performance benefits. We used a panel dataset of 446 reward‐based crowdfunding projects with 7254 observation days. The results show that backers' co‐ideation and co‐evaluation activity leads to a higher funding amount. Furthermore, the impact of co‐ideation is higher for comments made early in the project's lifecycle, while the effect of co‐design is wholly contingent on the time of commenting, with early co‐design comments contributing negatively to crowdfunding performance.
Kasabach–Merritt Syndrome, an underdiagnosed swollen leg in newborn with anemia and jaundice
Authors: Chap Chariya , Bin Sakviseth
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

Kasabach–Merritt syndrome is a rare disease. Early recognition, timely transfer, and proper management are crucial in reducing bleeding complication and mortality.

The authors report a rare case of Kasabach–Merritt syndrome in a Cambodian neonate presenting with anemia and jaundice at Day 5 of life. Since the mass was not recognized at birth, the diagnosis and treatment were delayed, thus leading to demise.
Impact of Calcination Temperature on Tungsten‐based Composite Catalysts for Olefins Metathesis
Authors: Wei Ning , Zhang Dazhi , Zhang Weiping , Huang Shengjun
Published: November 2023

The thermal treatment is one of the key procedures for the distribution and transformation of active sites for the supported metal oxide catalysts. However, the underlying impacts of thermal treatment on composite supported catalysts receives limited attention due to the additional complexity of the composite support. In this work, the progressive gradient in the metathesis activity, as the function of enhanced calcination temperature, has been observed for the tungsten‐based catalysts supported on the hierarchical ZSM‐5 zeolite‐alumina composite. The metathesis activity, reflected by ethene conversion, undergoes a stepwise growth from 24.2 % to 38.9 % along with the enhanced calcination temperature from 723 K to 923 K. The supported W‐oxo species share high similarity in structural states except their interaction with the Brønsted acidic bridge hydroxyl groups in zeolite. The density of bridge hydroxyl groups is reduced as the function of enhanced calcination temperatures, which reflects the intensified anchoring of surface W‐oxo species. It should be noted that such dependence is not observed for their counterparts based on microporous ZSM‐5 zeolite‐alumina. These sharp comparisons highlight the critical routes of thermal migration of W‐oxo species along the intrazeolite‐alumina interface in the evolution of active sites for the olefins cross‐metathesis reaction.
Zn‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks Using Triptycene Hexacarboxylate Ligands: Synthesis, Structure, and Gas‐Sorption Properties
Authors: Sugamata Koh , Yamada Shoko , Yanagisawa Daichi , Amanokura Natsuki , Shirai Akihiro , Minoura Mao
Published: November 2023

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Koh Sugamata, Mao Minoura, and co‐workers at Rikkyo University. The image depicts triptycene‐based metal‐organic frameworks with honeycomb structures that collect carbon dioxide and hydrogen, in an analogy to bees collecting honey in their honeycombs. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202302080.
Cooperative NHC/Photoredox Catalysis: Three‐Component Reaction of Aroyl Fluorides, Styrenes and Oxalates
Authors: Lin Zheng , Lv Guanghui , Liu Jianghong , Tang Jiangyan , Mu Binsong , Chen Jian , Huang Tianle , Yang Zhongzhen , Wu Yong
Published: November 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Cooperative NHC/photoredox catalysis has emerged as an important research field in recent years. Herein, this article describes the use of cesium salt derivatives of tert‐alcohols as alkyl radical precursors in a three‐component reaction with styrene and aromatic acyl fluorides to synthesize α‐arylalkyl aryl ketones. The aroyl fluoride reacts with the NHC catalyst, leading to the formation of an acyl azolium ion. This acyl azolium ion can then be reduced by the photoredox catalyst, generating the corresponding ketyl radical anion. The C‐radical generated from oxalate oxidation undergoes an addition reaction with the styrene derivative, followed by cross‐coupling of the addition radical with the ketone radical, which is fragmented by NHC to give the target ketone.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Oxindole Sulfonamide Derivatives as Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors**
Authors: Koraboina Chandra Prakash , Maddipati Venkatanarayana Chowdary , Annadurai Narendran , Gurská Soňa , Džubák Petr , Hajdúch Marián , Das Viswanath , Gundla Rambabu
Published: November 2023

Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a promising molecular target for several human B‐cell‐related autoimmune disorders, inflammation, and haematological malignancies. The pathogenic alterations in various cancer tissues depend on mutant BTK for cell proliferation and survival, and BTK is also overexpressed in a range of hematopoietic cells. Due to this, BTK is emerging as a potential drug target to treat various human diseases, and several reversible and irreversible inhibitors have been developed and are being developed. As a result, BTK inhibition, clinically validated as an anticancer treatment, is finding great interest in B‐cell malignancies and solid tumours. This study focuses on the design and synthesis of new oxindole sulfonamide derivatives as promising inhibitors of BTK with negligible off‐target effects. The most cytotoxic compounds with greater basicity were PID‐4 (2.29±0.52 μM), PID‐6 (9.37±2.47 μM), and PID‐19 (2.64±0.88 μM). These compounds caused a selective inhibition of Burkitt's lymphoma RAMOS cells without significant cytotoxicity in non‐BTK cancerous and non‐cancerous cell lines. Further, PID‐4 showed promising activity in inhibiting BTK and downstream signalling cascades. As a potent inhibitor of Burkitt's lymphoma cells, PID‐4 is a promising lead for developing novel chemotherapeutics.
Teachers' perspectives on the relationship between secondary school departments of science and religious education: Independence or mutual enrichment?
Authors: Woolley Mary , Bowie Robert A. , Hulbert Sabina , Thomas Caroline , Riordan John‐Paul , Revell Lynn
Published: November 2023

There is a gap in the research on the relationship between secondary school subject departments, particularly where, as in the case of science and religious education (RE), there is not the traditional relationship that may be seen in science and maths or across humanities subjects. More awareness of content taught in other departments is important for pupils' coherent experience of curriculum and schooling. This article reports on data from 10 focus groups with 50 participants from six universities, where student teachers of science and RE revealed a complex picture of relationships between the two departments in their placement schools. Furthermore, this article reports findings from a survey where 244 teachers and student teachers of science and RE shared their perspectives on the relationship between the two school departments. The measure was adapted from Barbour's typology, a classification describing the nature of the relationship between science and religion in a range of literature. The terms ‘conflict’, ‘independence’, ‘dialogue’, ‘collaboration’ and ‘integration’ were presented to teachers of both subjects. Little evidence was found of conflict between science and RE departments, but more ‘independence’ than ‘dialogue’ between the two departments was reported. In the light of these findings, the benefits of boundary crossing are explored alongside the role teachers should play in boundary crossing.
Investigation of phylogenetic relationships within Saxifraga diversifolia complex (Saxifragaceae) based on restriction‐site associated DNA sequence markers
Authors: Yuan Rui , Li Jiaxin , Ma Xiaolei , Feng Zhilin , Xing Rui , Chen Shilong , Gao Qingbo
Published: November 2023

Subsect. Hirculoideae Engl. & Irmsch., belonging to Saxifraga sect. Ciliatae Haw., has high species richness. It can be divided into S. diversifolia, S. pseudohirculus, and S. sinomontana complexes based on morphological characteristics. The species with prominent leaf veins on the posterior leaf edge were placed in the S. diversifolia complex, which is mainly distributed on the eastern and southern margins of the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. In this study, 53 samples, representing 15 of the 33 described species in the S. diversifolia complex, were sequenced using the Restriction‐site Associated DNA Sequence (RAD‐seq) technique. A total of 111,938 high‐quality SNP loci were screened to investigate the phylogenetic relationships within the S. diversifolia complex. The result of the neighbor‐joining (NJ) tree shows that the S. diversifolia complex is a paraphyletic group. Despite of some inconsistencies as revealed by genetic structural analysis, clustering results of representative species reconstructed by both NJ and principal component analysis analyses support previous biogeographic and morphological evidences. In addition, long‐distance gene flow events for 11 taxa were detected in the S. diversifolia complex, respectively from S. implicans 1 to S. implicans 2, S. diversifolia and S. maxionggouensis, and from S. maxionggouensis to S. nigroglandulifera. These findings may improve our comprehension of the phylogeny, classification, and evolution of the S. diversifolia complex.
Cross‐sectoral metrics as accountability tools for twin transitioning energy systems
Authors: Sareen Siddharth
Published: November 2023

As energy systems become ever more closely intertwined in order to enable electrification and real‐time coordination across sectors, tracking the nature of change to ensure accountability during complex implementation processes presents novel challenges and requires renewed thinking on data infrastructures. For instance, sectors like electricity generation, electricity distribution and electrified urban transport have begun to interact more closely and with more spatial complexity than ever before. Correspondingly, this conceptual article articulates the evolving relationship between cross‐sectoral metrics (CSM) and twin transitions (i.e., digitalisation and decarbonisation) of energy systems in the Anthropocene. It argues for development of explicitly cross‐sectoral metrical analysis as an accountability tool for shifts to equitable, low‐carbon energy systems. It draws on three pertinent fields of study—calculative logics, institutionalisation, and degrees of digitalisation—to provide the basis for a theory of transformative metrics for application to evolving energy systems. Scholarship on calculative logics offers insights on the nature of metrics, work on institutionalisation helps understand the dynamics of integrating novel metrics into evolving sociotechnical systems, and consideration of degrees of digitalisation ensures mindfulness of differences across contexts. Resulting insights can serve as diagnostic tools to inform timely monitoring and implementation of twin transitions for energy systems. Work across three distinct lines of scholarship is specified to enable conceptual development, and an empirical case study is sketched to show how to operationalise and apply an analytical framework. This delineation serves as a step towards a theory of transformative metrics, for integrative study of CSM for accountable twin transitions.
Chemometrics‐based signal processing methods for biosensors in health and environment: A review
Authors: Wu Wanqing , Yang Jianlei , Zhou Yu , Zheng Qinggong , Chen Qing , Bai Zhaoao , Niu Jiaqi
Published: November 2023

The increasing apprehension for health, safety and quality of life in modern society has resulted in the widespread use of biosensors. Biosensors are characterised by their high sensitivity, real‐time monitoring, and easy integration, making them indispensable for environmental monitoring on‐site, as well as invasive and non‐invasive health monitoring. Signal processing and analysis are crucial to biosensor applications, with an important role being played by chemometrics in this regard. This review presents a review of recent research findings in the fields of environmental and health monitoring. In addition, it investigates the role that chemometrics plays in the processing and analysis of biosensor data. The research comprises conventional statistical techniques, including principal component analysis and wavelet transform, as well as modern techniques of artificial intelligence, such as machine learning with neural networks. Through the examination of various algorithm strengths and weaknesses, significant recommendations are offered for biosensor applications. Furthermore, the assessment delivers focused proposals for surmounting signal processing difficulties in biosensors. Additionally, the review contains a concise analysis and reflection on the issue of multiple detection and analysis. The review intends to give essential guidance to future researchers in selecting efficient and sensible methods of data processing for their studies.
Enhancing credit risk prediction based on ensemble tree‐based feature transformation and logistic regression
Authors: Liu Jiaming , Liu Jiajia , Wu Chong , Wang Shouyang
Published: November 2023

The assessment of credit risk for P2P lending platform applicants is critical to investors. Feature engineering is an essential technique in distilling classification knowledge during the credit risk prediction data preprocessing stage. Although previous literature used feature selection methods to identify key features, feature transformation is more useful in discovering intrinsic nonlinear characteristics in credit data. In this study, we propose a synthetic multiple tree‐based feature transformation method to generate features. Multiple tree‐based feature transformation methods are employed and fused to acquire a new feature set. The bagging‐based tree ensemble feature transformation method (Bagging‐TreeEnsembleFT) and boosting‐based tree ensemble feature transformation method (Boosting‐TreeEnsembleFT) are two types of feature transformation methods that we specifically propose to validate their effect. We verify the credit risk prediction performance using the proposed synthetic feature transformation methods on real P2P Lending credit datasets. Empirical analysis demonstrates that tree‐based ensemble feature transformation methods with boosting ensemble strategy achieve better prediction performance on various datasets corresponding to different partitions and class distributions compared to tree‐based ensemble feature transformation methods with bagging ensemble strategy and individuals. Moreover, the proposed synthetic feature transformation method improves the credit risk prediction performance in terms of accuracy, AUC, and F1‐score.
Using various geotechnical techniques for challenging conditions at the West Link project
Authors: Raja Sami Ullah , Landergren Henrik , Thurner Robert
Published: November 2023

The city of Gothenburg in western Sweden is currently experiencing the construction of one of the biggest infrastructure projects in the country – The West Link (Västlänken). The West Link is an 8 km double‐track railway project, of which 6 km will be through underground tunnels with two new stations, Haga and Korsvägen, and construction of a bigger Central station. The construction of the project began in May 2018 and the finalization is expected in 2026. The project is split into five different sections which were awarded and are being executed individually. The widely varied geological profile of the area consisting of weak‐to‐very weak clay and silty‐sandy‐gravelly moraine along with challenging local conditions like existing waterways, traffic routes, and buildings requires a range of soil improvements and shoring system solutions suiting the local conditions. Some techniques executed by Keller include dry deep soil mixing (DDSM) to stabilize the quick clay to facilitate excavation, jet grouting for water sealing, excavation support in addition to soil improvement purposes, uplift piles over a flowing river, drilled steel piles at the bottom of excavation pit as foundation support, drilled steel pile wall, and sheet piling. Apart from technical challenges, the West Link has strong focus on adopting sustainable solutions like methods to reduce disposal of wet masses from jet grouting. A team of experts of design and execution from different parts of the world is working together to make it a success story.
Excavation of a tunnel with conventional method in urbanized context – A case study from Line 15 South of Grand Paris Express
Authors: Cavagnet Spencer , Mancinelli Luca , Midali Eric , Diallo Ibrahima
Published: November 2023

As part of the Grand Paris Express project, the work package of Metro Line 15 South Lot T2C is situated near Villiers Sur Marne in the south‐eastern outskirts of Paris. It consists in two mechanized tunnels, principal as well as maintenance and storage site lines, respectively 4.7 and 2.2 km long, connected by a shaft approximately 180 m long (O807), 92 m of which is characterized by a traditional tunnel. This article presents the study carried out for the detailed design of the conventional tunnel which is excavated in the Calcaire de Champigny formation, a succession of layers with typical characteristics of a heavily fractured rock mass alternates with marly others, sometimes showing dissolution phenomena due to the presence of gypsum. Due to the urbanized context and the workface planning, a particular construction stage was also foreseen: the lower part of the section has been excavated by tunnel boring machine when the upper was finalized. The discussion is completed with the results of the monitoring activity, designed to check the correct behavior during and after the excavation process.
Design and construction of station caverns – Melbourne Metro Tunnel Project
Authors: Lagger Hannes , Sainsbury David , Sainsbury Bre‐Anne , Storry Roger
Published: November 2023

The Metro Tunnel Project in Melbourne, Australia, involves the construction of 9 kms of twin rail tunnels and five new underground stations, including the State Library and Town Hall in the City Centre. The stations aim to provide spacious areas measuring around 260 m in length, 30 m in width, and 23 m in height. To address ground conditions, load behaviour, and land constraints, the stations are being built as trinocular form caverns, with a sequential excavation of the central (cavern) tunnel followed by the outer (platform) tunnels. Advanced 3D numerical analyses guided the design of the primary support and permanent linings, with temporary steel columns incorporated into permanent linings for efficiency. Close collaboration and an observational design approach facilitated efficient construction methods and work sequencing. The paper presents insights into the successful design, construction, and verification approaches on aspects of the project.