bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gallic Acid: A Viable Drug for Inducing Apoptosis to Human Neuroblastoma Cancer Cells
Authors: He Henry
Published: June 2023

Glioblastoma is a malicious brain tumor commonly found in adults. Because of its intrusive behavior and troublesome location, the five-year survival rate for Glioblastoma is meager. Data are collected through Pubmed and Pubchem; 34 different chemicals were chosen to be paired up against the PD-L1, an ICs that causes immune evasion of the tumor cells and receptors; and loaded into PyRx v.08 molecular docking tool to find the binding affinity. Gallic acid and Doxorubicin were chosen as the two mixtures used to conduct the assays. Gallic acid was selected because of its above-average binding affinity with the receptor, it is available at the Lab where I experimented, and the limited research done connecting Gallic acid with tumor cells. On the other hand, Doxorubicin was chosen to compare results with gallic acid; since it is already a conventional tumor drug, having a better impact will mean that Gallic Acid will be a superior option to tumor drugs used today. The two mixtures underwent a serial dilution process, making eight different solutions. LDH, MTT, and Caspase assays were conducted with these mixtures on the HTB-11 tumor cell line; with the result being that Gallic ACid ten thousand times diluted is the best drug as it has caused the lowest percentage of necrosis (2.4% of LDH released) as well as having caused one of the highest percentages of apoptosis (758% in caspase activity).
Cumhuriyet’in Yerel Yönetim Politikası: Mithat Toroğlu’nun Mersin Belediyesi Başkanlığı Örneği (1929-1942)
Authors: BOZKURT İbrahim , AYTAR İbrahim Halil
Published: June 2023

Osmanlı Devleti’nde belediyecilikle ilgili gelişmelerin başlangıcı Tanzimat Dönemi’dir. Tanzimat’tan önce ise yerel yönetim hizmetleri, lonca, vakıf ve kadı tarafından yerine getirilmekteydi. Avrupa ile yoğunlaşan ticari ilişkilere bağlı olarak 19. yüzyılda Osmanlı liman kentlerinde ulaşım ve hizmetleri yönetmek için yeni teşkilatlar kurulmuştur. Bu bağlamda liman kentlerinden başlayarak çağdaş hizmet verecek yeni belediye yönetimlerinin kurulması gerekliliği ortaya çıkmıştır. Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarında belediyelerin ve mahalli idarelerin görevleri, Osmanlı Devleti'nin son yıllarında yaşanan siyasî karışıklıkların yol açtığı tahribatı telafi etmek ve temel hizmetleri vermek olarak ön plana çıkmıştır. Ayrıca yerel yönetimlerin yürüttüğü bir diğer çalışma da savaşlar ve salgın hastalıklar nedeniyle azalan nüfusun artışına yönelik politikalar üretmek ve ayrıca sorumlu oldukları bölgelerde sağlık sorunlarının çözümlenmesi doğrultusunda çalışmalar yürütmekti. Osmanlı Devleti'nden miras kalan yerel yönetim kurumları bu işlevleri yerine getirmekten uzaktı. Belediyelerin kadroları eğitimsizdi, çalışanların sayısı yetersizdi. Ayrıca belediyelerin bütçeleri de yetersizdi. 1930'lu yıllarda Cumhuriyet döneminde belediyecilik anlayışının gelişmesiyle birlikte bu sorunlara çözümler üretilmeye başlanmıştır. Mithat Toroğlu, dünyada 1929 ekonomik krizinin Türkiye'yi de etkilediği bir dönemde göreve başladı. Toroğlu'nun Mersin Belediye Başkanı olduğu yıllar, aynı zamanda Türkiye'nin modernleşmesi bağlamında belediyecilik alanında ilgili yasal düzenlemelerin ve mevzuatların hayata geçirildiği dönem olmuştur Bu çalışmada 1929 ile 1942 yılları arasında Mersin'de belediye başkanlığı yapmış olan Mithat Toroğlu'nun yerel yönetim politikasına odaklanılmıştır. Böylece erken Cumhuriyet döneminde Türkiye'de modern belediyeciliğin uygulanmasına ilişkin yasal düzenlemeler, Mithat Toroğlu'nun Mersin belediye başkanlığı örneği üzerinden incelenmiştir.
Frecuencia del gen mecA en Staphylococcus aureus meticilinorresistente en un hospital de tercer nivel en Perú
Authors: Bustamante-Cabrera Anthony Martín , Quiroz Ruiz Hans Ramón , Vega Fernandez Jorge Arturo , Rivera Jacinto Marco A.
Published: June 2023

Objetivos: determinar la frecuencia del gen mecA en Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina (MRSA) aislados de pacientes atendidos en un hospital de tercer nivel en la región Cajamarca, Perú; asimismo, determinar cuál de los dos antibióticos usados como screening fenotípico tiene mayor utilidad para explicar la presencia de dicho gen. Métodos: se analizaron 71 aislamientos bacterianos provenientes de muestras del Hospital Regional Docente de Cajamarca, la identificación de S. aureus se llevó a cabo mediante el equipo MicroScan. El screening fenotípico para resistencia a meticilina se realizó mediante la técnica de difusión, con discos de cefoxitina y oxacilina. La extracción de ADN se realizó mediante shock térmico, la detección del gen mecA se realizó mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el software SPSS v.25. Resultados: de los 71 aislados, 40 (56,3%) fueron MRSA portadores del gen mecA, la mayoría de estos aislamientos correspondieron a pacientes hospitalizados 22 (31,0%), siendo más frecuentes en muestras de secreción bronquial 27 (38,0%). El screening fenotípico con disco de cefoxitina predijo mejor la presencia del gen mecA [P=0,010; Exp(B)= 12,3] en comparación con el disco de oxacilina. Conclusiones: este estudio demostró alta frecuencia de MRSA mecA positivo en muestras de origen clínico, principalmente de pacientes hospitalizados. Es importante establecer medidas de vigilancia para identificar MRSA en todos los hospitales de la región.
Obstrucción intestinal alta secundaria a íleo biliar. Un reto diagnóstico en el adulto mayor
Authors: Zurita Céspedes Brian Iván , Morales Auza Daneiva Lucy
Published: June 2023

El íleo biliar es una patología poco frecuente y surge más frecuentemente en el adulto mayor como complicación de la colelitiasis. Se trata de una enfermedad en que un cálculo proveniente del árbol biliar condiciona obstrucción mecánica con dilatación y posterior inflamación de asas intestinales. Su presentación clínica suele ser inespecífica, resultando un reto diagnostico la misma, se acompaña de dolor y distensión abdominal, náuseas, vómitos y alteración del ritmo evacuatorio. El tratamiento generalmente requiere del abordaje quirúrgico en busca de prevenir el desarrollo de otras complicaciones. Se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente varón, adulto mayor, que acude al Instituto de Gastroenterología Boliviano Japonés de Cochabamba, Bolivia, con una presentación inespecífica del cuadro clínico tras una internación previa que no resolvió el cuadro inicial y cuyo diagnóstico requirió de la realización de estudios de imagen ampliados, como tomografía axial computarizada con contraste, para su posterior resolución quirúrgica.
Bizans Tıbbi Düşüncesinin Bir Eleştirisi: Timarion Hicvi
Authors: NOM Neslihan
Published: June 2023

12. yüzyılda yazıldığı tahmin edilen ve anonim bir hiciv olan Timarion metninde, Bizans tıbbi uygulamalarına ve izinde gidilen Galenci tıbbi geleneğin teorilerine ilişkin eleştiriler bulunur. Hikâyenin kahramanı Timarion, Selanik’ten Konstantinopolis’e dönüşü esnasında birkaç hastalık yaşayıp safrasını kaybettiği için dört sıvı kuramına göre yaşama hakkını kaybeder ve ölür. Ruhu Hades’e geldiğinde mahkemeye çıkacağının haberi gelen Timarion, orada karşılaştığı retorik uzmanı sofist hocasının savunmasıyla vücudundan attığı sıvının, yaşam için zorunlu ve gerekli olmayan aşırılaşmış bir sıvı olduğunu ispatlar, yaşama döner. Böylece Hippokrates ve Galen geleneğinin temeli olan dört sıvı kuramı alay konusu olur.
A Study on the Change of Perception of Delivery Apps by Consumers and Restaurant Owners Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic Through Keyword Analysis: Focusing on the ‘Baemin’
Authors:   The Korean Career·Entrepreneurship & Business Association, Lee Yong Kyu
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study is to analyze changes in consumers' and restaurant owners' perceptions of delivery apps before and after the COVID-19 pandemic to provide useful information on government institutions' policymaking or restaurant owners and prospective entrepreneurs preparing to start a restaurant. To this end, big data was collected and analyzed from Blogs and Cafes provided by Naver, Google, and Daum under the keyword of “Baemin”, a representative delivery platform. The collection period was five years and seven months before and after the pandemic, and the analysis was conducted on 13,130 cases excluding duplicate or unavailable data. TEXTOM 5.0 and UCINET 6 were used for analysis, and Word Cloud analysis, network analysis, CONCOR analysis, and centrality analysis were used for analysis techniques. According to Word Cloud analysis, after the pandemic, traditional delivery food “chicken” was not included in the top keywords of frequency, but “menu”, “order”, and “review” appeared at the top, indicating that consumers are interested in various “menus” through “reviews”. According to the network analysis results, keywords showing a strong connection with the keyword “Baemin” were “Service”, “Payment”, “App”, “Possible”, “Card”, “Fee”, and “Food” while new keywords were “Hyundai Card”, “Cashwork”, “Gift Certificate”, “Coupangeats”, and “Platform”. This means that demand for delivery food is increasing, and competition in the delivery food market is intensifying with the advent of the new delivery platform Coupangeats, and consumers' demands for delivery food are diversifying. CONCOR analysis shows that, unlike before the pandemic, four main clusters and one subcluster were clearly formed after the pandemic. This is seen as a result of reflecting consumers' increased expectations for delivery apps. According to the results of the centrality analysis, keywords such as “service”, “review”, “menu”, “commission”, and “platform” appeared at the top after the pandemic. This is seen as a result of reflecting the increasing demand for “menu” selection through “review” search and high-end “service” delivery, not just food delivery. The implications of this study are of academic significance in that it has identified changes in the perception of delivery apps more comprehensively and objectively through SNS big data, not through a survey method. Based on the results of the study, delivery app operators and restaurant owners (founders) will need to cultivate a management mind for co-prosperity and establish a system that actively responds to the needs of changed consumers. In addition, the government should make more efforts to prevent the monopolization of feared delivery app operators and establish a system that can coexist with restaurant owners.
Elizabeth Boyd's Disappearing Act: Performing Literary Legacy on the Georgian Stage
Authors: Straub Kristina
Published: June 2023

How do we trace the historical processes that grant some writers visibility and, hence, legacy, while shoving others into the historical closet? This essay offers the case study of Elizabeth Boyd (1727-1745), a novelist, poet, and playwright who has received some attention from scholars interested in women’s contributions to the legacy of William Shakespeare in the second quarter of the eighteenth century. In particular, her unperformed play, Don Sancho: Or, the Students Whim, a Ballad Opera of Two Acts, with Minerva’s Triumph, a Masque (1739) dramatizes a woman writer’s reflections on the politics of legacy at this formative moment in the history of authorship and the British theater. While the play was not performed, key scenes were later plagiarized in popular afterpieces by theater managers and playwrights Henry Giffard and David Garrick. Boyd, along with her inclusive vision of theatrical legacy as the domain of men and women of different classes, disappears in the male playwrights’ fantasies of exclusively masculine, British literary greatness. The story of Boyd’s erasure speaks to the gendered and classed exclusions and elisions in the social and economic processes by which legacy is formed, in this case, in the gendered power relations of eighteenth-century theater and its management.
Review of Carrying All Before Her, by Chelsea Phillips
Authors: Buckley Jennifer
Published: June 2023

A review of Chelsea Phillips’s Carrying All Before Her: Celebrity Pregnancy and the London Stage, 1689-1800, by Jennifer Buckley
Plotting the Plantationocene with The History of Mary Prince
Authors: Johnson Shelby
Published: June 2023

In this essay, I consider how The History of Mary Prince, A West Indian Slave, Related by Herself (1831) extends vital affordances for assembling a literary history of ecological rupture, settler colonialism, and transatlantic slavery. These insights arise from my experiences teaching Prince in “Plotting the Plantationocene in Early Atlantic Literature” (Fall 2021), a course which took up what it means to orient to historical formations of climate change as co-emergent with plantation systems. I argue that my students explored how figures like Prince open politically vibrant pathways for being in the world otherwise to plantation modernity.
Small Venues
Authors: Whiting Sam
Published: June 2023

Throughout the history of popular music, the careers of many culturally significant artists and groups began on the small stages of local bars clubs, pubs, and discotheques. When the stories of The Beatles, Jimi Hendrix, and the New York punk hardcore and post punk scenes are told, iconic venues such as The Cavern, The Marquee and CBGB’s serve as the settings of their early chapters Small live music venues such as these are pivotal in the narratives and history of popular music. However, very few of them survive.

This book focusses on the role of small live music venues as incubators for emerging talent and social hubs for music scene participants. Such venues are grassroots spaces of cultural labor and production that often struggle with issues of financial precarity yet are fundamental to the live music ecology of a city, acting both as platforms for emergent performers and spaces of sociality for local music scenes.
Chain’s Toward the Blues
Authors: Beilharz Peter
Published: June 2023

Melbourne, 1971: radical counterculture, hippies, opposition to the Vietnam War and consumerism. The birth of Oz blues rock. Influenced by American blues after Robert Johnson, parallel to developments with Paul Butterfield, the Bluesbreakers and Canned Heat, Chain’s music also developed in distinct ways, taking on a style later referred to as Oz blues, or Oz indigo. The emergence of prog rock and the consolidation of blues rock globally made for interesting times. Rock shifted beyond the basics, in the direction of new musical forms and prefigurative politics. In this moment, Chain, four regional white boys with jazz cred and blues licks, recorded the classic Oz blues single Black and Blue and its bedrock LP, Toward the Blues. 50 years later, it remains a monument in Australian rock history. Based on interviews with guitarist and singer Phil Manning, scholarly research and memoirs, this book tells the story of the album’s creation and its cultural impact on the Melbourne music scene in a time of significant social change, seeking to capture the magic of that moment.
The Story of Victorian Film
Authors: Dixon Bryony
Published: June 2023

In this vivid and accessible new account of the dawn of film in Britain, internationally respected film historian and curator Bryony Dixon introduces us to Britain's first cinematic pioneers – an eclectic mix of chemists, engineers, photography enthusiasts, fairground showmen and magicians – who in a few short years built a vibrant new industry. As she chronicles the emergence of the first embryonic film forms and genres, she reveals often surprising innovations, from cutting-edge science to ingeniously witty tricks and comedies, with filmmakers reflecting existing entertainment forms as well as advancing editing and cinematography in ways that shaped the art of film for many decades after.

Dixon offers fresh insights by focusing on the films themselves – many of them only recently available to view – while building on the work of generations of scholars. In the process, Dixon makes a compelling case for the British filmmakers of the era as inventive and creative figures, every bit as influential as their more celebrated contemporaries in France and the US.
Educação Neutra Práticas cotidianas podem ajudar na permanência e reprodução de discriminações contra o negro?
Authors: Macêdo Leandro Pereira de Sousa , Pereira Robison Raimundo Silva
Published: June 2023

The current work aims, through bibliographical analysis, to understand how the neutral attitude of many schools and most of their professionals, ends up helping in the production and reproduction of racism, prejudice and discrimination against black people inside and outside the school, as well as bringing relevant means to the discussion regarding the attitudes that our schools and their teachers must have in accordance with the realities of their students. The results of the research show that our education still insists on hiding and camouflaging acts that make the black person a devalued being in the classroom, as well as the non-intervention of the teacher in these moments, which end up reinforcing the thoughts of the ruling class who prefer a homogeneous school. and not an education that prioritizes diversity. Therefore, the reflections contained here show that our education must immediately review its concepts and practices, because if they continue using methodologies that do not help their students to be really critical, it will end up helping to produce and reproduce mechanisms that leave groups and cultural identities that are held on a daily basis at the margins. like bad.
Important extremophilic model microorganisms in astrobiology
Authors: EMLİK Simge , MARAKLI Sevgi
Published: June 2023

Humankind has been curious about the sky and beyond since its existence. Since the most primitive times, researchers have been trying to find answers to this curiosity. In recent years, a relatively new discipline, astrobiology, has emerged to answers to frequently asked questions. Astrobiology is an interdisciplinary field that tries to explain beyond the sky, and extraterrestrial life, where life origin came from, evolution, and the big bang. Extremophiles draw attention as the only creatures that will enlighten us in understanding extraterrestrial conditions and the mechanisms of creatures living in these conditions. This review examines the recent discoveries and the principal advances concerning both bacteria (Chroococcidiopsis sp., Colwellia psychrerythraea, Planococcus halocryophilus) and archaea (Halorubrum lacusprofundi and Halobacterium salinarum NRC-1) species which have potentials to examine in astrobiology as model organisms. Obtaining findings from different studies open new perspectives and strategies for several unresolved questions in astrobiology.
L’impolitesse est-elle un sujet tabou dans les manuels de FLE ?
Authors: DEKHISSI Laurie
Published: June 2023

Un apprenant de français langue étrangère sera tôt ou tardconfronté à une situation conflictuelle que ce soit en situation réellede communication ou en regardant les médias. Pourtant, il semble queles faits de langue relevant de la violence verbale (insultes, injures,reprocher, critiquer...) soient absents du Cadre Européen Commun deRéférences pour les Langues (Conseil de l’Europe 2001) ou de nombreuxmanuels de FLE. Dans cet article, nous ferons le point sur ce qu’est laviolence verbale et nous verrons comment elle se réalise en interaction,notamment à travers l’exemple qu’est la question rhétorique conflictuelle.Ensuite, nous explorerons un corpus de manuels de FLE à la recherchede traces de violence verbale et terminerons par une piste didactiquepour sensibiliser les apprenants à des interactions conflictuelles enclasse de FLE.
Excessive Language on Twitter
Authors: Dias Dominique
Published: June 2023

Political correctness, seen as a form of linguistic interventionism, and its derivate, political incorrectness, are frequently invoked to take a stand on language. These two expressions are considered as notions whose use is increasing in the media and whose semantic content remains vague. This study focuses on a corpus of French and German metalanguage polemics on Twitter: these are positions on language taken by a speaker in the name of political (in)correctness that uses metalanguage and/or metalinguistic markers. Political correctness is considered here as a formula in order to show how its use in online exchanges makes it possible to organize the relationships between participants and contributes towards shaping linguistic norms. The analysis distinguishes, in a polemical and argumentative context, between the use of the formula to disqualify the other and as a decommitment marker that uses humor to defuse the aggressive character of utterances.
Rechte Popsongs aus den frühen und mittleren achtziger Jahren in der ,alten‘ Bundesrepublik Deutschland
Authors: Giessen Hans
Published: June 2023

Exzessive Sprache im öffentlichen Diskurs mag in den letzten Jahrzehnten, insbesondere mit dem Internet und seinen „Filterblasen“ zugenommen haben. Aber dies ist kein neues Phänomen. Tatsächlich konnten Ausschreitungen und Morde mit rechtsextremistischem Hintergrund beispielsweise in Westdeutschland schon vor dem Zusammenbruch des Ostblocks als scheinbar unorganisierte, unkontrollierte und damit unkontrollierbare soziale Bewegung beobachtet werden. Bereits vor etwa vierzig Jahren wurden in Popsongs exzessive und menschenverachtende Formulierungen in den öffentlichen Diskurs Westdeutschlands eingeführt und verwendet.
Der Beitrag versucht eine solche Darstellung, indem er kulturlinguistische und kulturhermeneutische, insbesondere inhaltsanalytische Methoden kombiniert, um die Entstehung und Entwicklung des Rechtsrock und seiner sprachlichen Äußerungen darzustellen.
Le leader populiste, catalyseur de violence verbale et pyromane de la révolte
Authors: Buchart Mélanie
Published: June 2023

Dans cet article, nous proposons d’étudier la construction du discours médiatique de Florian Philippot, ancien vice-président du FN. Lors de la pandémie de Covid-19, Philippot réapparaît sur la scène politique en figure de proue de l’« anti-système » et de la contestation anti-pass sanitaire, en relayant nombre de publications flirtant avec les théories du complot. Il multiplie les appels à la résistance, à la libération face à la tyrannie et à la dictature, ou encore parle d’ « apartheid » sanitaire. Ces excès langagiers, usant d’une terminologie belliqueuse, pourraient favoriser des passages à l’acte violents chez les co-énonciateurs dont les colères sont captées et exacerbées par un discours populiste de victimisation, de satanisation et de construction de la figure du sauveur providentiel. Les actes illocutoires et valeurs illocutoires de l’énonciation – d’autant plus en période de crise et relayés en masse sur les réseaux sociaux – peuvent en effet avoir des effets perlocutoires dangereux et concrets dans la vie réelle, tout en disculpant légalement les locuteurs-catalyseurs de ces outrances langagières publiques parfois dissimulées (analogies, double-sens, etc). Nous nous efforcerons de dévoiler certaines stratégies discursives du politicien (figures de rhétorique, positionnement discursif), dans une approche « pragmatique de la perlocution » (Oswald, 2020), à travers l’analyse d’un corpus de vidéos publiées par Philippot en​ 2021, lors de la crise sanitaire. Enfin, nous verrons dans quelle mesure ce discours de radicalité et de radicalisation de l’auditoire relève du discours de haine.
Particle shapes and infrared extinction spectra of nitric acid dihydrate (NAD) crystals: optical constants of the β-NAD modification
Authors: Wagner Robert , James Alexander D. , Frankland Victoria L. , Möhler Ottmar , Murray Benjamin J. , Plane John M. C. , Saathoff Harald , Weigel Ralf , Schnaiter Martin
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Satellite- and aircraft-based mid-infrared measurements
of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) have provided spectroscopic evidence
for the presence of β-NAT (nitric acid trihydrate) particles.
Metastable nitric acid hydrate phases such as α-NAT and α-NAD (nitric acid dihydrate) have been frequently observed in laboratory
experiments but not yet detected as a constituent of PSCs in atmospheric
measurements. As for the β-NAD modification, its formation was first
observed in X-ray diffraction measurements when the low-temperature α-NAD phase was warmed to a temperature above 210 K. Its infrared spectrum
has been reported, but so far no optical constants have been derived that
could be used as input for infrared retrievals of PSC composition. In this
work, we show that β-NAD particles were efficiently formed in
isothermal heterogeneous crystallisation experiments at 190 K from
supercooled HNO3/H2O solution droplets containing an embedded
mineral dust or meteoric smoke particle analogue. An inversion algorithm
based on a T-matrix optical model was used to derive for the first time the
mid-infrared complex refractive indices of the β-NAD modification
from the measured extinction spectrum of the particles. In contrast to the
heterogeneous crystallisation experiments, the α-NAD phase was
formed when the HNO3/H2O solution droplets did not contain a solid
nucleus and crystallised homogeneously. Using a light-scattering detector
that recorded two-dimensional scattering patterns of the crystallised NAD
particles, we were able to determine predominant shapes of the α-
and β-NAD crystals. We found that α-NAD grew into elongated,
needle-shaped crystals, while β-NAD particles were compact in shape.
This agrees with previously reported images of α- and β-NAD
particles grown on the cryo-stage of an environmental scanning electron
microscope. While direct evidence for the existence of metastable NAD in the
polar stratosphere is still lacking, our experiments add to the wealth of
previous laboratory studies that have identified various conditions for the
rapid growth of metastable compositions. In the atmosphere, these could be
intermediate states that transform into thermodynamically stable NAT on
longer timescales in aged PSCs.
Diurnal carbon monoxide observed from a geostationary infrared hyperspectral sounder: first result from GIIRS on board FengYun-4B
Authors: Zeng Zhao-Cheng , Lee Lu , Qi Chengli
Published: June 2023

Abstract. The Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder (GIIRS) on board FengYun-4 series satellites is the world's first geostationary hyperspectral infrared sounder. With hyperspectral measurement collected from a geostationary orbit covering the carbon monoxide (CO) absorption window around 2150 cm−1, GIIRS provides a unique opportunity
for monitoring the diurnal variabilities of atmospheric CO over eastern Asia.
In this study, we develop the FengYun Geostationary satellite Atmospheric
Infrared Retrieval (FY-GeoAIR) algorithm to retrieve the CO profiles using
observations from GIIRS on board FY-4B, which was launched in June 2021, and
provide CO maps at a spatial resolution of 12 km and a temporal resolution
of 2 h. The performance of the algorithm is first evaluated by conducting retrieval experiments using simulated synthetic spectra. The result shows that the GIIRS data provide significant information for constraining CO profiles. The degree of freedom for signal (DOFS) and retrieval error are both highly correlated with thermal contrast (TC), the temperature difference between the surface and the lower atmosphere. Retrieval results from 1 month of GIIRS spectra in July 2022 show that the DOFS for the majority is between 0.8 and 1.5 for the CO total column and between 0 and 0.8 for the bottom three layers ranging from the surface to 3 km a.s.l. Consistent with CO retrievals from low-Earth-orbit (LEO) infrared
sounders, the largest observation sensitivity, as quantified by the
averaging kernel (AK), is in the free troposphere at around 3–6 km. The
diurnal changes in DOFS and vertical sensitivity of observation are
primarily driven by the diurnal TC variabilities. Finally, we compare the CO total columns between GIIRS and Infrared Atmospheric
Sounding Interferometer (IASI) and find that the two datasets show
good consistency in capturing the spatial and temporal variabilities. This
study demonstrates that the GIIRS retrievals are able to reproduce the
temporal variability of CO total columns over eastern Asia in the daytime in
July. Nevertheless, the retrievals have low detectivity in the nighttime due
to their weak sensitivity to the ground level CO changes limited by low
information content. Model assimilation that takes into account the
retrieved diurnal CO profiles and the associated vertical sensitivity will
have potential in improving local and global air quality and climate
research over eastern Asia.
The potential of an increased deciduous forest fraction to mitigate the effects of heat extremes in Europe
Authors: Breil Marcus , Weber Annabell , Pinto Joaquim G.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Deciduous forests are characterized by a higher albedo, a reduced stomatal
resistance, and a deeper root system in comparison to coniferous forests. As a consequence, less solar radiation is absorbed and evapotranspiration is potentially increased, making an increase in the deciduous forest fraction a potentially promising measure to mitigate the burdens of heat extremes for humans and nature. We analyze this potential by means of an idealized 30-year-long regional climate model (RCM) experiment, in which all coniferous forests in Europe are replaced by deciduous forests and compared to a simulation using the actual forest composition. Results show that an increase in the deciduous forest fraction reduces the
heat intensity during heat periods in most regions of Europe. During heat periods, there is a slight reduction in the mean daily maximum 2 m temperatures simulated of about 0.2 K locally and 0.1 K non-locally. Regions with a high cooling potential are southwestern France and northern Turkey, where heat period intensities are reduced by up to 1 K. Warming effects are simulated in Scandinavia and eastern Europe. Although the cooling effect on heat period intensities is statistically
significant over large parts of Europe, the magnitude of the temperature
reduction is small. Consequently, an increase in the deciduous forest fraction only has a limited potential to reduce heat period intensities in
Europe and can therefore only be considered as a supporting mitigation
measure to complement more effective mitigation strategies.
Quantifying land carbon cycle feedbacks under negative CO2 emissions
Authors: Chimuka V. Rachel , Nzotungicimpaye Claude-Michel , Zickfeld Kirsten
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Land and ocean carbon sinks play a major role in regulating
atmospheric CO2 concentration and climate. However, their future
efficiency depends on feedbacks in response to changes in atmospheric
CO2 concentration and climate, namely the concentration–carbon and
climate–carbon feedbacks. Since carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is a key mitigation measure in emission scenarios consistent with global temperature goals in the Paris Agreement, understanding carbon cycle feedbacks under negative CO2 emissions is essential. This study investigates land carbon cycle feedbacks under positive and negative CO2 emissions using an Earth system model of intermediate complexity (EMIC) driven with an idealized scenario of symmetric atmospheric CO2 concentration increase (ramp-up) and decrease (ramp-down), run in three modes. Our results show that the
magnitudes of carbon cycle feedbacks are generally smaller in the
atmospheric CO2 ramp-down phase than in the ramp-up phase, except for
the ocean climate–carbon feedback, which is larger in the ramp-down phase.
This is largely due to carbon cycle inertia: the carbon cycle response in
the ramp-down phase is a combination of the committed response to the prior
atmospheric CO2 increase and the response to decreasing atmospheric
CO2. To isolate carbon cycle feedbacks under decreasing atmospheric
CO2 and quantify these feedbacks more accurately, we propose a novel
approach that uses zero emission simulations to quantify the committed
carbon cycle response. We find that the magnitudes of the concentration–carbon and climate–carbon feedbacks under decreasing
atmospheric CO2 are larger in our novel approach than in the standard
approach. Accurately quantifying carbon cycle feedbacks in scenarios with
negative emissions is essential for determining the effectiveness of carbon
dioxide removal in drawing down atmospheric CO2 and mitigating warming.
Effects of ozone levels on climate through Earth history
Authors: Deitrick Russell , Goldblatt Colin
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Molecular oxygen in our atmosphere has increased from less than a part per million in the Archean Eon to a fraction of a percent in the Proterozoic and finally to modern levels during the Phanerozoic. The ozone layer formed with the early Proterozoic oxygenation. While oxygen itself has only minor radiative and climatic effects, the accompanying ozone has important consequences for Earth climate. Using the Community Earth System Model (CESM), a 3-D general circulation model (GCM), we test the effects of various levels of ozone on Earth's climate. When CO2 is held constant, the global-mean surface temperature decreases with decreasing ozone, with a maximum drop of ∼3.5 K at near total ozone removal. By supplementing our GCM results with 1-D radiative flux calculations, we are able to test which changes to the atmosphere are responsible for this temperature change. We find that the surface temperature change is caused mostly by the stratosphere being much colder when ozone is absent; this makes it drier, substantially weakening the greenhouse effect. We also examine the effect of the structure of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere on the formation of clouds and on the global circulation. At low ozone, both high and low clouds become more abundant due to changes in the tropospheric stability. These generate opposing shortwave and longwave radiative forcings that are nearly equal. The Hadley circulation and tropospheric jet streams are strengthened, while the stratospheric polar jets are weakened, the latter being a direct consequence of the change in stratospheric temperatures. This work identifies the major climatic impacts of ozone, an important piece of the evolution of Earth's atmosphere.
Past and future response of the North Atlantic warming hole to anthropogenic forcing
Authors: Qasmi Saïd
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Most of the North Atlantic ocean has warmed over the last decades, except a region located over the subpolar gyre, known as the North Atlantic “warming hole” (WH), where sea surface temperature (SST) has in contrast decreased. Previous assessments have attributed part of this cooling to the anthropogenic forcings (ANT) – aerosols (AER) and greenhouse gases (GHGs) – modulated by decadal internal variability. Here, I use an innovative and proven statistical method which combines climate models and observations to confirm the anthropogenic role in the cooling of the warming hole. The impact of the aerosols is an increase in SST which is opposed to the effect of GHGs. The latter largely contribute to the cooling of the warming hole over the historical period. Yet, large uncertainties remain in the quantification of the impact of each anthropogenic forcing. The statistical method is able to reduce the model uncertainty in SST over the warming hole, both over the historical and future periods with a decrease of 65 % in the short term and up to 50 % in the long term. A model evaluation validates the reliability of the obtained projections. In particular, the projections associated with a strong temperature increase over the warming hole are now excluded from the likely range obtained after applying the method.
Ice core chemistry database: an Antarctic compilation of sodium and sulfate records spanning the past 2000 years
Authors: Thomas Elizabeth R. , Vladimirova Diana O. , Tetzner Dieter R. , Emanuelsson B. Daniel , Chellman Nathan , Dixon Daniel A. , Goosse Hugues , Grieman Mackenzie M. , King Amy C. F. , Sigl Michael , Udy Danielle G. , Vance Tessa R. , Winski Dominic A. , Winton V. Holly L. , Bertler Nancy A. N. , Hori Akira , Laluraj Chavarukonam M. , McConnell Joseph R. , Motizuki Yuko , Takahashi Kazuya , Motoyama Hideaki , Nakai Yoichi , Schwanck Franciéle , Simões Jefferson Cardia , Lindau Filipe Gaudie Ley , Severi Mirko , Traversi Rita , Wauthy Sarah , Xiao Cunde , Yang Jiao , Mosely-Thompson Ellen , Khodzher Tamara V. , Golobokova Ludmila P. , Ekaykin Alexey A.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Changes in sea ice conditions and atmospheric circulation over the Southern Ocean play an important role in modulating Antarctic climate. However, observations of both sea ice and wind conditions are limited in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean, both temporally and spatially, prior to the satellite era (1970 onwards). Ice core chemistry data can be used to reconstruct changes over annual, decadal, and millennial timescales. To facilitate sea ice and wind reconstructions, the CLIVASH2k (CLimate Variability in Antarctica and the Southern Hemisphere over the past 2000 years) working group has compiled a database of two species, sodium [Na+] and sulfate [SO42-], commonly measured ionic species. The database (https://doi.org/10.5285/9E0ED16E-F2AB-4372-8DF3-FDE7E388C9A7; Thomas et al., 2022) comprises records from 105 Antarctic ice cores, containing records with a maximum age duration of 2000 years. An initial filter has been applied, based on evaluation against sea ice concentration, geopotential height (500 hPa), and surface wind fields to identify sites suitable for reconstructing past sea ice conditions, wind strength, or atmospheric circulation.
Waves in SKRIPS: WAVEWATCH III coupling implementation and a case study of Tropical Cyclone Mekunu
Authors: Sun Rui , Cobb Alison , Villas Bôas Ana B. , Langodan Sabique , Subramanian Aneesh C. , Mazloff Matthew R. , Cornuelle Bruce D. , Miller Arthur J. , Pathak Raju , Hoteit Ibrahim
Published: June 2023

Abstract. In this work, we integrated the WAVEWATCH III model into the regional coupled model SKRIPS (Scripps–KAUST Regional Integrated Prediction System). The WAVEWATCH III model is implemented with flexibility, meaning the coupled system can run with or without the wave component. In our implementations, we considered the effect of Stokes drift, Langmuir turbulence, sea surface roughness, and wave-induced momentum fluxes. To demonstrate the impact of coupling we performed a case study using a series of coupled and uncoupled simulations of Tropical Cyclone Mekunu, which occurred in the Arabian Sea in May 2018. We examined the model skill in these simulations and further investigated the impact of Langmuir turbulence in the coupled system. Because of the chaotic nature of the atmosphere, we ran an ensemble of 20 members for each coupled and uncoupled experiment. We found that the characteristics of the tropical cyclone are not significantly different due to the effect of surface waves when using different parameterizations, but the coupled models better capture the minimum pressure and maximum wind speed compared with the benchmark stand-alone Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Moreover, in the region of the cold wake, when Langmuir turbulence is considered in the coupled system, the sea surface temperature is about 0.5 ∘C colder, and the mixed layer is about 20 m deeper. This indicates the ocean model is sensitive to the parameterization of Langmuir turbulence in the coupled simulations.
Water Cycle Acceleration in Czechia: A Water Budget Approach
Authors: Vargas Godoy Mijael Rodrigo , Markonis Yannis , Rakovec Oldrich , Jenicek Michal , Dutta Riya , Pradhan Rajani Kumar , Bešťáková Zuzana , Kyselý Jan , Juras Roman , Papalexiou Simon Michael , Hanel Martin
Published: June 2023

Abstract. The water cycle in Czechia has been observed to be changing in recent years, with precipitation and evapotranspiration rates exhibiting a trend of acceleration. However, the spatial patterns of such changes remain poorly understood due to the heterogeneous network of ground observations. This study relied on multiple state-of-the-art reanalyses and hydrological modeling. Herein we propose a novel method for benchmarking hydroclimatic data fusion based on water cycle budget closure. We ranked water cycle budget closure of 96 different combinations for precipitation, evapotranspiration, and runoff using CRU TS v4.06, E-OBS, ERA5-Land, mHM, NCEP/NCAR R1, PREC/L, and TerraClimate. Then we used the best-ranked data to describe changes in the water cycle in Czechia over the last 60 years. We determined that Czechia is undergoing water cycle acceleration, evinced by increased atmospheric water fluxes. However, the increase in annual total precipitation is not as pronounced nor consistent as evapotranspiration, resulting in an overall decrease in the runoff. Furthermore, non-parametric bootstrapping revealed that only evapotranspiration changes are statistically significant at the annual scale. At higher frequencies, we identified significant spatial heterogeneity when assessing the water cycle budget at a seasonal scale. Interestingly, the most significant temporal changes in Czechia take place during spring, while median spatial patterns stem from summer changes in the water cycle.
Toward a marginal Arctic sea ice cover: changes to freezing, melting and dynamics
Authors: Frew Rebecca Caitlin , Feltham Daniel , Schroeder David , Bateson Adam William
Published: June 2023

Abstract. As summer Arctic sea ice extent has retreated, the marginal ice zone (MIZ) has been widening and making up an increasing percentage of the summer sea ice. The MIZ is defined as the region of the ice cover that is influenced by waves, and for convenience here is defined as the region of the ice cover between ice concentrations (area fractions) A of 15 to 80 %. The MIZ is projected to become a larger percentage of the summer ice cover, as the Arctic transitions to ice free summers. We compare individual processes of ice volume gain and loss in the ice pack (A>80 %) to those in the MIZ to establish and contrast their relative importance and examine how these processes change as the summer MIZ fraction and amplitude of the seasonal sea ice growth/melt cycle increases over decadal timescales. We use an atmosphere-forced, physics-rich sea ice-mixed layer model that includes a prognostic floe size distribution (FSD) model including brittle fracture and form drag. The model has been compared to FSD observations, satellite observation of sea ice extent and PIOMAS. The MIZ fraction of the July sea ice cover, when the MIZ is at its maximum extent, increases by a factor of 2 to 3, from 14 % (20 %) in the 1980s to 46 % (50 %) in the 2010s in NCEP (HadGEM2-ES) atmosphere-forced simulations. In a HadGEM2-ES forced projection the July sea ice cover is almost entirely MIZ (93 %) in the 2040s. Basal melting accounted for the largest proportion of melt in regions of pack ice and MIZ for all time periods. During the historical period, top melt was the next largest melt term in pack ice, but in the MIZ top melt and lateral melt were comparable. This is due to a relative increase of lateral melting and a relative reduction of top melting by a factor of 2 in the MIZ compared to the pack ice. The volume fluxes due to dynamic processes decreases due to the reduction in ice volume in both the MIZ and pack ice. As the ice cover becomes marginal (MIZ), it melts earlier: in the region that was pack ice in the 1980s and became marginal in the 2010s, peak melting starts 20/12 days earlier (NCEP/HadGEM2-ES). This continues in the projection where melting in the region that becomes MIZ in the 2040s shifts 14 days earlier.
A comparative study between new proposed Technique (LPAM) and the other existing techniques to Find IBFS for Transportation Problem
Authors: الفرجاني علي احمد و عبدالسلام علي احمد
Published: June 2023

Transportation model is a special case of linear programming problem in which the main objective is to transport raw material, or finished products are transported from warehouses to factories or vice-versa, at a total minimum cost. Finding an initial basic feasible solution is the basic requirement to acquire an optimal solution for the transportation problems. In this study, a new technique named (LPAM- Technique) (The Largest penalty and allocate the maximum- technique) is proposed to locate initial basic feasible solution for transportation problems. The performance of the (LPAM) is evaluated and compared with the existing techniques in the literature (NWCM, LCM, VAM, CVAM, iLCM), To clarify the statement, The the applications twenty randomly chosen an available in the literature to Obtain  (IBFS) of Transportation Problem. Obtained results show by using this technique we found that (IBFS) of most of the transportation problem very close to optimal solution or same as optimal solution than using the other existing techniques which is discussed in this study, and it is observed that the performance of proposed technique is suitable for solving transportation problems.
The cultural and social background of Lucknow in the Stories of Naiyer Masud
Authors: Abid Asad Abbas
Published: June 2023

Literature of any kind and genre can never avoid the essence of life. Literature represents numerous aspects and dimensions of life. Literature, culture and society are interlinked. Collectiveness is the soul of Society. This culture and it’s colours reflect in the writings of the writers. Naiyer Masud is renowned short story writer having immense inclination towards culture and it’s different shades. He had great inclination towards the culture of lucknow. Lucknow was the central city of state of Owaad. This article is an effort to bring forth the cultural and social background of Lucknow in the short of Naiyer Masud.
"An Airy Spirit": Developing Identity Through Music, Performance, and Perception
Authors: Hosie Kiara
Published: June 2023

How do audiences come to understand a character who appears to lack a discrete performed identity? This paper explores how, in performance, music and theories of magic and reader response interact to create the identity of the musical spirit, Ariel, from William Shakespeare’s (1564-1616) The Tempest (1611). To facilitate this exploration, I outline Ariel’s characterisation across six productions from the Renaissance, Restoration, and modern-day on two levels: textual (concerning how culturally-bound theories of magic and gender affect interpretations of the play’s script), and performed (concerning practical decisions such gender casting, voice type, and visual design). Across both the textual and performed levels, I emphasise the roles of socio-cultural contexts and resultant audience perceptions in informing Ariel’s identity in each production, ultimately proposing that while Ariel’s textual identity as a genderless spirit remains relatively stable from the Renaissance to the modern-day, each production of The Tempest creates a new performed identity for the character through dynamic interactions between culture, history, directors, performers, and audiences.