bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Space-like hypersurfaces with functionally bounded mean curvature in Lorentzian warped products and generalized Calabi–Bernstein-type problems
Authors: Aledo Juan A. , Rubio Rafael M. , Salamanca Juan J.
Published: August 2019

We study space-like hypersurfaces with functionally bounded mean curvature in Lorentzian warped products , where F is a (non-compact) complete Riemannian manifold whose universal covering is parabolic. In particular, we provide several rigidity results under appropriate mathematical and physical assumptions. As an application, several Calabi–Bernstein-type results are obtained which widely extend the previous ones in this setting.
Mass Purges: Top-Down Accountability in Autocracy
Authors: MONTAGNES B. PABLO , WOLTON STEPHANE
Published: August 2019

This paper proposes a novel theoretical framework to study the features of mass purges in authoritarian regimes. We contend that mass purges are an instrument of top-down accountability meant to motivate and screen a multitude of agents (e.g., single-party members, state bureaucrats). We show that the set of purged agents is well delineated in mild purges, whereas no performance indicator is a guarantee of safety in violent purges. The proportion of purged agents is non-monotonic in the intensity of violence. For the autocrat, increasing the intensity of violence always raises performance, but it improves the selection of subordinates only if violence is low to begin with. Hence, even absent de jure checks, the autocrat is de facto constrained by her subordinates’ strategic behavior. We use historical (including the Soviet purges and the Cultural Revolution) and recent (the Erdogan purge) events to illustrate our key theoretical findings.
Violence as a Tactic of Social Protest in Postcolonial India
Authors: Plys Kristin
Published: August 2019

In March 1974, trade union leader and Chairman of the Socialist Party of India, George Fernandes, formed a new independent trade union of railway workers and then led a massive nation-wide strike lasting about a month. Two years later—March 1976—Fernandes was arrested as the principal accused in the Baroda Dynamite Conspiracy Case, a plot to bomb strategic targets in New Delhi in resistance to Indira Gandhi’s authoritarian rule. How did George Fernandes’ political work change over these two years—from engaging in traditional trade union movement tactics during the Railway Workers’ Strike in 1974 to being the ringleader of a plan to bomb strategic targets in resistance to the postcolonial state? Why would an activist who advocated non-violent social movement tactics change strategies and end up leading a movement that primarily uses violent tactics? I argue that in its violent repression of the Railway Workers’ Strike and its illegal imprisonment of the strike’s leaders, Indira Gandhi’s administration demonstrated to Fernandes and other opposition party leaders that there was no room for a peaceful solution to the ever increasing social conflict of early 1970s India. Therefore, when Gandhi instated herself as dictator, longstanding advocates ofsatyagrahabelieved that symbolic violence against the state was the tactic most likely to lead to the restoration of democracy in India.
Cultural Technologies: The long and unexpected life of the Christian mission encounter, North China, 1900–30
Authors: WEI-TSING INOUYE MELISSA
Published: August 2019

This article uses the case of the London Missionary Society (LMS) in China to argue that disruptive cultural technologies—namely organizational forms and tools—were just as significant within Christian mission encounters as religious doctrines or material technologies. LMS missionaries did not convert as many Chinese to Christianity as they hoped, but their auxiliary efforts were more successful. The LMS mission project facilitated the transfer of certain cultural technologies such as church councils to administer local congregations or phonetic scripts to facilitate literacy. Once in the hands of native Christians and non-Christians alike, these cultural technologies could be freely adapted for a variety of purposes and ends that often diverged from the missionaries’ original intent and expectation. This article draws on the letters and reports of missionaries of the London Missionary Society in North China from roughly 1900 to 1930—the period during which self-governing Protestant congregations took root in China and many places around the world. The spread of church government structures and a culture of Bible-reading enabled Chinese within the mission sphere to create new forms of collective life. These new forms of community not only tied into local networks, but also connected to transnational flows of information, finances, and personnel. Native Christian communities embraced new, alternative sources of community authority—the power of God working through a group of ordinary people or through the biblical text—that proved both attractive and disruptive.
Sophie Tucker, Racial Hybridity and Interracial Relations in American Vaudeville
Authors: DE SIMONE MARIA
Published: August 2019

This article discusses Sophie Tucker's racialized performance in the context of early twentieth-century American vaudeville and black–Jewish interracial relations. Tucker's vaudeville musical acts involved mixed racial referents: ‘black-style’ music and dance, Jewish themes, Yiddish language and the collaboration of both African American and Jewish artists. I show how these racial combinations were a studied tactic to succeed in white vaudeville, a corporate entertainment industry that capitalized on racialized images and fast changes in characters. From historical records it is clear that Tucker's black signifiers also fostered connections with the African American artists who inspired her work or were employed by her. How these interracial relations contended with Tucker's brand of racialized performance is the focus of the latter part of the article. Here I analyse Tucker's autobiography as a performative act, in order to reveal a reparative effort toward some of her exploitative approaches to black labour and creativity.
Doing ‘Social Practice’: Political Strategies of Truth Generation for the Friendly Neighbourhood Theatre Historian
Authors: SENGUPTA PROMONA
Published: August 2019

To articulate what is past does not mean to recognize ‘how it really was.’ It means to take control of a memory, as it flashes in a moment of danger.

The last two years have seen some significant anniversaries being celebrated – one hundred years of the Bolshevik Revolution, fifty years since May 1968, two hundred years since the birth of Karl Marx and, most recently, the birth centenary of Rosa Luxemburg. As a student activist more or less masquerading as an amateur theatre historian, I have never felt more in need of the tools of my so-called trade than during these interesting times when I found myself assiduously attending conferences, memorials, re-enactments and commemorative performances earmarking moments of radical histories. David Wiles's article, charting the contours – often clear and sometimes obscure – of the field of theatre history as it stands at the moment brings into relief some of the questions that have been running in the background of the heady extended solidarity party that has been my engagement with the field in recent times, resonating with his conclusion of history-writing as ‘practice, not product’. I will attempt to glean from Wiles's reflections some points that I feel may be important for scholars for whom history writing is most certainly a ‘social practice’, if not also a deeply political act.
Indirect effects of the early childhood Family Check-Up on adolescent suicide risk: The mediating role of inhibitory control
Authors: Connell Arin M. , Shaw Daniel , Wilson Melvin , Danzo Sarah , Weaver-Krug Chelsea , Lemery-Chalfant Kathryn , Dishion Thomas J.
Published: August 2019

This study investigates suicide risk in late childhood and early adolescence in relation to a family-centered intervention, the Family Check-Up, for problem behavior delivered in early childhood. At age 2, 731 low-income families receiving nutritional services from Women, Infants, and Children programs were randomized to the Family Check-Up intervention or to a control group. Trend-level main effects were observed on endorsement of suicide risk by parents or teachers from ages 7.5 to 14, with higher rates of suicide risk endorsement in youth in the control versus intervention condition. A significant indirect effect of intervention was also observed, with treatment-related improvements in inhibitory control across childhood predicting reductions in suicide-related risk both at age 10.5, assessed via diagnostic interviews with parents and youth, and at age 14, assessed via parent and teacher reports. Results add to the emerging body of work demonstrating long-term reductions in suicide risk related to family-focused preventive interventions, and highlight improvements in youth self-regulatory skills as an important mechanism of such reductions in risk.
THE LARGE STRUCTURES OF GROTHENDIECK FOUNDED ON FINITE-ORDER ARITHMETIC
Authors: MCLARTY COLIN
Published: August 2019

The large-structure tools of cohomology including toposes and derived categories stay close to arithmetic in practice, yet published foundations for them go beyond ZFC in logical strength. We reduce the gap by founding all the theorems of Grothendieck’s SGA, plus derived categories, at the level of Finite-Order Arithmetic, far below ZFC. This is the weakest possible foundation for the large-structure tools because one elementary topos of sets with infinity is already this strong.
Artificial Intelligence May Be Key to Better Weather Forecasts
Authors: Boukabara Sid-Ahmed , Krasnopolsky Vladimir , Stewart Jebb , Penny Stephen , Hoffman Ross , Maddy Eric
Published: August 2019

Recent advances in machine learning hold great potential for converting a deluge of data into weather forecasts that are fast, accurate, and detailed.
The Groundwater Recovery Paradox in South India
Authors: Hora Tejasvi , Srinivasan Veena , Basu Nandita B.
Published: August 2019

Reported groundwater recovery in South India has been attributed to both increasing rainfall and political interventions. Findings of increasing groundwater levels, however, are at odds with reports of well failure and decreases in the land area irrigated from shallow wells. We argue that recently reported results are skewed by the problem of survivor bias, with dry or defunct wells being systematically excluded from trend analyses due to missing data. We hypothesize that these dry wells carry critical information about groundwater stress that is missed when data are filtered. Indeed, we find strong correlations between missing well data and metrics related to climate stress and groundwater development, indicative of a systemic bias. Using two alternative metrics, which take into account information from dry and defunct wells, our results demonstrate increasing groundwater stress in South India. Our refined approach for identifying groundwater depletion hot spots is critical for policy interventions and resource allocation.
Large‐Scale Fresh and Salt Water Exchanges in the Indian Ocean
Authors: Trott Corinne B. , Subrahmanyam Bulusu , Murty V. S. N. , Shriver Jay F.
Published: August 2019

Upper‐ocean dynamics in the Northern Indian Ocean (NIO) depend on changes in the magnitude and location of the high salinity waters of the Arabian Sea and low salinity waters of the Bay of Bengal. The large sea surface salinity (SSS) differences between these two basins are related to the surface freshwater flux (evaporation minus precipitation), which is positive (negative) in the Arabian Sea (Bay of Bengal). To quantify large‐scale salinity changes on decadal time scale over the whole water column and to study trends in salinity and volume transport, we have analyzed Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) reanalysis product, HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) simulations, European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasting's ERA‐Interim reanalysis product, and riverine streamflow data from the National Centers for Atmospheric Research's Global River Flow and Continental Discharge Dataset for the NIO. We find increased freshening conditions in the Bay of Bengal and salinification conditions in the Arabian Sea that would support a stronger zonal SSS difference in the NIO but that it is partially compensated by positive (negative) salt transports into the Bay of Bengal (BoB) (Arabian Sea). Empirical orthogonal function analysis of SODA SSS indicates that the main factors of SSS variability are Indian Ocean Dipole and El Niño‐Southern Oscillation and seasonal currents. The trends in the volume transport reveal decadal changes in zonal equatorial currents in HYCOM and Somali Current in SODA.
Long-term intake of miso soup decreases nighttime blood pressure in subjects with high-normal blood pressure or stage I hypertension
Authors: Kondo Hiroaki , Sakuyama Tomari Hiroe , Yamakawa Shoko , Kitagawa Manabu , Yamada Minami , Itou Seiki , Yamamoto Tetsuro , Uehara Yoshio
Published: August 2019

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the combination of Marukome Nenrin miso, which has natriuretic effects, and Marukome MK-34-1 miso, which has potent angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory effects, on blood pressure (BP) in humans. A total of 40 subjects aged 40–69 years with high-normal BP or stage I hypertension were randomly assigned to two groups: 1) the miso group (32 g 2:1 w/w Nenrin and MK-34-1 with 3.8 g salt/day) or 2) the control soy food group (14.4 g soy food with 0.2 g salt/day). The levels of major nutrients were equal in the miso and control food servings, except for the fiber and Na levels, which were higher in the miso food serving. Daytime and nighttime BP were measured with an automated BP monitor. Compared with the soy food intake, miso intake for 8 weeks did not affect daytime clinical BP but significantly decreased nighttime BP without affecting pulse rate (PR). Moreover, miso shifted the nighttime BP profile to lower levels than those at baseline. Soy food intake did not change the nighttime BP profile after 8 weeks. Miso intake also tended to reduce nighttime BP in a subgroup with stage 1 hypertension compared with the results of the soy food group participants and shifted the nighttime BP profile toward lower levels than those recorded at baseline. Miso intake did not influence lipid or glucose metabolism. In conclusion, this is the first report showing that miso reduces nighttime BP in humans. Miso may do so by shrinking the fluid spaces in the body and/or deactivating the adrenergic nervous system.
Pluripotency reprogramming by competent and incompetent POU factors uncovers temporal dependency for Oct4 and Sox2
Authors: Malik Vikas , Glaser Laura V. , Zimmer Dennis , Velychko Sergiy , Weng Mingxi , Holzner Markus , Arend Marius , Chen Yanpu , Srivastava Yogesh , Veerapandian Veeramohan , Shah Zahir , Esteban Miguel A. , Wang Huating , Chen Jiekai , Schöler Hans R. , Hutchins Andrew P. , Meijsing Sebastiaan H. , Pott Sebastian , Jauch Ralf
Published: August 2019

Oct4, along with Sox2 and Klf4 (SK), can induce pluripotency but structurally similar factors like Oct6 cannot. To decode why Oct4 has this unique ability, we compare Oct4-binding, accessibility patterns and transcriptional waves with Oct6 and an Oct4 mutant defective in the dimerization with Sox2 (Oct4defSox2). We find that initial silencing of the somatic program proceeds indistinguishably with or without Oct4. Oct6 mitigates the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition and derails reprogramming. These effects are a consequence of differences in genome-wide binding, as the early binding profile of Oct4defSox2 resembles Oct4, whilst Oct6 does not bind pluripotency enhancers. Nevertheless, in the Oct6-SK condition many otherwise Oct4-bound locations become accessible but chromatin opening is compromised when Oct4defSox2 occupies these sites. We find that Sox2 predominantly facilitates chromatin opening, whilst Oct4 serves an accessory role. Formation of Oct4/Sox2 heterodimers is essential for pluripotency establishment; however, reliance on Oct4/Sox2 heterodimers declines during pluripotency maintenance.
Selective inactivation of hypomethylating agents by SAMHD1 provides a rationale for therapeutic stratification in AML
Authors: Oellerich Thomas , Schneider Constanze , Thomas Dominique , Knecht Kirsten M. , Buzovetsky Olga , Kaderali Lars , Schliemann Christoph , Bohnenberger Hanibal , Angenendt Linus , Hartmann Wolfgang , Wardelmann Eva , Rothenburger Tamara , Mohr Sebastian , Scheich Sebastian , Comoglio Federico , Wilke Anne , Ströbel Philipp , Serve Hubert , Michaelis Martin , Ferreirós Nerea , Geisslinger Gerd , Xiong Yong , Keppler Oliver T. , Cinatl Jindrich
Published: August 2019

Hypomethylating agents decitabine and azacytidine are regarded as interchangeable in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, their mechanisms of action remain incompletely understood, and predictive biomarkers for HMA efficacy are lacking. Here, we show that the bioactive metabolite decitabine triphosphate, but not azacytidine triphosphate, functions as activator and substrate of the triphosphohydrolase SAMHD1 and is subject to SAMHD1-mediated inactivation. Retrospective immunohistochemical analysis of bone marrow specimens from AML patients at diagnosis revealed that SAMHD1 expression in leukemic cells inversely correlates with clinical response to decitabine, but not to azacytidine. SAMHD1 ablation increases the antileukemic activity of decitabine in AML cell lines, primary leukemic blasts, and xenograft models. AML cells acquire resistance to decitabine partly by SAMHD1 up-regulation. Together, our data suggest that SAMHD1 is a biomarker for the stratified use of hypomethylating agents in AML patients and a potential target for the treatment of decitabine-resistant leukemia.
Effects of industrial heat treatments on the kinetics of inactivation of antimicrobial bovine milk xanthine oxidase
Authors: Ozturk Gulustan , German J. Bruce , de Moura Bell Juliana M. L. N.
Published: August 2019

Milk is a source of antimicrobial systems such as xanthine oxidoreductase, which has been proposed to modulate the oral and gut microbiota of infants. Heat treatments are applied to milk to ensure its microbial safety, however, the effects of heat on this antimicrobial enzyme are not known. The effects of batch pasteurization (BP), high-temperature short time (HTST), and ultra high temperature (UHT) on kinetics of inactivation of xanthine oxidase and its antimicrobial properties were determined. Xanthine oxidase activity was preserved by HTST (100%). Partial (8%) and nearly complete (95%) enzyme inactivation were observed for BP and UHT milks, respectively. Km values of 100 μM and Vmax values of 6.85, 5.12, 6.31, and 0.40 μmol/min/mg were determined for xanthine oxidase in raw, BP, HTST, and UHT milks, respectively. These results demonstrate that xanthine oxidase maintains apparent affinity and activity for its substrate when milk is treated by BP and HTST and yet the enzyme is inactivated with UHT. To investigate heat treatment-induced alterations in the biological activity of xanthine oxidase, heat treated milks were compared to raw milk for their ability to inhibit the growth of S. aureus. Raw, BP, and HTST milk xanthine oxidase efficiently inhibited S. aureus growth. However, these antibacterial properties were lost when milk was subjected to UHT. These results demonstrate that HTST and BP preserves bovine milk xanthine oxidase activity compared with UHT and that, the judicious selection of thermal treatments could be exploited to preserve the antimicrobial properties of bovine milk.
Three-dimensional imaging of the extracellular matrix and cell interactions in the developing prenatal mouse cornea
Authors: Feneck Eleanor M. , Lewis Philip N. , Meek Keith M.
Published: August 2019

As the outer lens in the eye, the cornea needs to be strong and transparent. These properties are governed by the arrangement of the constituent collagen fibrils, but the mechanisms of how this develops in mammals is unknown. Using novel 3-dimensional scanning and conventional transmission electron microscopy, we investigated the developing mouse cornea, focusing on the invading cells, the extracellular matrix and the collagen types deposited at different stages. Unlike the well-studied chick, the mouse cornea had no acellular primary stroma. Collagen fibrils initially deposited at E13 from the presumptive corneal stromal cells, become organised into fibril bundles orthogonally arranged between cells. Extensive cell projections branched to adjacent stromal cells and interacted with the basal lamina and collagen fibrils. Types I, II and V collagen were expressed from E12 posterior to the surface ectoderm, and became widespread from E14. Type IX collagen localised to the corneal epithelium at E14. Type VII collagen, the main constituent of anchoring filaments, was localised posterior to the basal lamina. We conclude that the cells that develop the mouse cornea do not require a primary stroma for cell migration. The cells have an elaborate communication system which we hypothesise helps cells to align collagen fibrils.
Transdiagnostic Dimensions towards Personality Pathology and Childhood Traumatic Experience in a Clinical Sample: Subtype Classification by a Cross-sectional Analysis
Authors: Wang JunJie , Sun Wei , Tang XiaoChen , Xu LiHua , Wei YanYan , Cui HuiRu , Tang YingYing , Hui Li , Jia QiuFang , Zhu Hongliang , Wang JiJun , Zhang TianHong
Published: August 2019

Psychiatric disorders are highly heterogeneous syndromes often explained by underlying and internalized personality disorder(PD) traits that are affected by externalized childhood trauma experiences(CTE). The present study investigated the differential subtype model by examining the association between PD traits and CTE in a clinical sample with transdiagnostic psychopathology. Outpatients(n = 2090) presenting for psychiatric treatment completed self-reported measures of PD traits(Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire) and the childhood adversity(Child Trauma Questionnaire). Canonical variates were generated by canonical correlation analysis(CCA) and then used for hierarchical cluster analysis to produce subtypes. A support vector machine(SVM) model was used and validated using a linear kernel to assess the utility of the extracted subtypes of outpatients in clinical diagnosis classifications. The CCA determined two linear combinations: emotional abuse related dissociality PD traits(antisocial and paranoid PD) and emotional neglect related sociality PD traits(schizoid, passive-aggressive, depressive, histrionic, and avoidant PD). A cluster analysis revealed three subtypes defined by distinct and relatively homogeneous patterns along two dimensions, and comprising 17.5%(cluster-1, n = 365), 34.8%(cluster-2, n = 727), and 47.8%(cluster-3, n = 998) of the sample, each with distinctive features of PD traits and CTE. These subtypes suggest more distinct PD trait correlates of CTE manifestations than were captured by clinical phenomenological diagnostic definitions. Our results highlight important subtypes of psychiatric patients that highlight PD traits and CTE that transcend current diagnostic boundaries. The three different subtypes reflect significant differences in PD and CTE characteristics and lend support to efforts to develop PD and childhood trauma targeted psychotherapy that extends to clinical diagnosis-based interventions.
DFT study of structural, elastic, electronic and dielectric properties of blue phosphorus nanotubes
Authors: Hao Junhua , Wang Zhengjia , Jin Qinghua
Published: August 2019

Because of the flexibility band structure, the nanotubes based on the (001) two-dimensional monolayer of β-P are expected to be a promising candidate for electronic and optical applications. By density functional theory calculations, it could be investigated the structural stability of single-wall armchair and zigzag blue phosphorus nanotubes. The formation energy, structure parameter, Young’s modulus, radial Poisson’s ratio, band gap and static electronic polarizabilities for the two types of nanotubes are computed and analyzed as functions of the tube radius and axial strain. The properties of armchair and zigzag nanotubes are almost the same, and isotropy is observed for radius up to 13 Å. Furthermore, the band gaps are sensitive to the effects of axial strain.
Validation of the Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) to assess a deceased donor’s kidneys’ outcome in a European cohort
Authors: Dahmen Maximilian , Becker Felix , Pavenstädt Hermann , Suwelack Barbara , Schütte-Nütgen Katharina , Reuter Stefan
Published: August 2019

The Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) was introduced in the United States in 2014 to guide the decision making of clinicians with respect to accepting or declining a donated kidney. To evaluate whether the KDPI can be applied to a European cohort, we retrospectively assessed 580 adult patients who underwent renal transplantation (brain-dead donors) between January 2007 and December 2014 at our center and compared their KDPIs with their short- and long-term outcomes. This led to the observation of two associations: one between the KDPI and the estimated glomerular filtration rate at one year (1-y-eGFR) and the other between the KDPI and the death-censored allograft survival rate (bothp < 0.001). Following this, the individual input factors of the KDPI were analyzed to assess their potential to evaluate the quality of a donor organ. We found that a donor’s age alone is significantly predictive in terms of 1-y-eGFR and death-censored allograft survival (bothp < 0.001). Therefore, a donor’s age may serve as a simple reference for future graft function. Furthermore, we found that an organ with a low KDPI or from a young donor has an improved graft survival rate whereas kidneys with a high KDPI or from an older donor yield an inferior performance, but they are still acceptable. Therefore, we would not encourage defining a distinct KDPI cut-off in the decision-making process of accepting or declining a kidney graft.
Nearly perfect near-infrared luminescence efficiency of Si nanocrystals: A comprehensive quantum yield study employing the Purcell effect
Authors: Valenta J. , Greben M. , Dyakov S. A. , Gippius N. A. , Hiller D. , Gutsch S. , Zacharias M.
Published: August 2019

Thin layers of silicon nanocrystals (SiNC) in oxide matrix with optimized parameters are fabricated by the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. These materials with SiNC sizes of about 4.5 nm and the SiO2 barrier thickness of 3 nm reveal external quantum yield (QY) close to 50% which is near to the best chemically synthetized colloidal SiNC. Internal QY is determined using the Purcell effect, i.e. modifying radiative decay rate by the proximity of a high index medium in a special wedge-shape sample. For the first time we performed these experiments at variable temperatures. The complete optical characterization and knowledge of both internal and external QY allow to estimate the spectral distribution of the dark and bright NC populations within the SiNC ensemble. We show that SiNCs emitting at around 1.2–1.3 eV are mostly bright with internal QY reaching 80% at room temperature and being reduced by thermally activated non-radiative processes (below 100 K internal QY approaches 100%). The mechanisms of non-radiative decay are discussed based on their temperature dependence.
The role of chromatin dynamics under global warming response in the symbiotic coral model Aiptasia
Authors: Weizman Eviatar , Levy Oren
Published: August 2019

Extreme weather events frequency and scale are altered due to climate change. Symbiosis between corals and their endosymbiotic-dinoflagellates (Symbiodinium) is susceptible to these events and can lead to what is known as bleaching. However, there is evidence for coral adaptive plasticity in the role of epigenetic that have acclimated to high-temperature environments. We have implemented ATAC-seq and RNA-seq to study the cnidarian-dinoflagellate model Exaptasia pallida (Aiptasia) and expose the role of chromatin-dynamics in response to thermal-stress. We have identified 1309 genomic sites that change their accessibility in response to thermal changes. Moreover, apo-symbiotic Aiptasia accessible sites were enriched with NFAT, ATF4, GATA3, SOX14, and PAX3 motifs and expressed genes related to immunological pathways. Symbiotic Aiptasia accessible sites were enriched with NKx3-1, HNF4A, IRF4 motifs and expressed genes related to oxidative-stress pathways. Our work opens a new path towards understanding thermal-stress gene regulation in association with gene activity and chromatin-dynamics.
Vibrational properties and cooperativity of the 3D spin crossover network [Fe(pyrazine)][Pt(CN)4]
Authors: Hochdörffer Tim , Chumakov Aleksandr I. , Wille Hans-Christian , Schünemann Volker , Wolny Juliusz A.
Published: August 2019

Nuclear inelastic scattering experiments and DFT calculations have been performed to explore the vibrational properties and molecular modes for the high-spin and low-spin phases of the spin crossover network [Fe(pyrazine)][Pt(CN)4].
A lignin-containing cellulose hydrogel for lignin fractionation
Authors: Dai Lin , Zhu Weiyan , Lu Jinshun , Kong Fangong , Si Chuanling , Ni Yonghao
Published: August 2019

A novel lignin-containing hydrogel-assisted technology offers a promising green approach for lignin fractionation.
Functionalized nanographene sheets with high antiviral activity through synergistic electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions
Authors: Donskyi Ievgen S. , Azab Walid , Cuellar-Camacho Jose Luis , Guday Guy , Lippitz Andreas , Unger Wolfgang E. S. , Osterrieder Klaus , Adeli Mohsen , Haag Rainer
Published: August 2019

Schematic representation of synergistic action of electrostatic interactions of polyglycerol sulfate and conjugated aliphatic chains to the surface of nG-PGS.
Ti3C2 MXene quantum dot-encapsulated liposomes for photothermal immunoassays using a portable near-infrared imaging camera on a smartphone
Authors: Cai Guoneng , Yu Zhenzhong , Tong Ping , Tang Dianping
Published: August 2019

A near-infrared photothermal immunoassay was designed for the qualitative/quantitative detection of disease-related protein using Ti3C2 MXene quantum dots-encapsulated liposome with high photothermal efficiency.
Porous diatomite-mixed 1,4,5,8-NTCDA nanowires as high-performance electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Xu Yong , Chen Jun , Xiao Ze'en , Ou Caixia , Lv Weixia , Tao Lihong , Zhong Shengwen
Published: August 2019

A novel porous diatomite composite electrode composed ofNTCDAnanowires exhibits lower charge transfer impedance, higher capacity and better rate performance.
Association ofIL-16gene polymorphisms with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Chinese Han population
Authors: Cheng Fangxiao , Liu Lu , Zhang Hongli , Zhu Yi , Li Xiaohua , Li Hong
Published: August 2019

Objective: The aim of the present study was to explore the genetic association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in interleukin-16 (IL-16) gene with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) susceptibility in a Chinese Han population.

Methods: In total, 133 T2DM patients and 127 healthy controls matched by age and gender were recruited in the case–control study. IL-16 gene rs4778889 and rs11556218 polymorphisms were genotyped in the two groups via polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Differences in genotype and allele distributions between groups were compared by the χ2 test. All the comparisons were adjusted for age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) by logistic regression. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the association strength between IL-16 gene polymorphism and T2DM risk.

Results: The TG genotype and G allele frequencies of rs11556218 increased remarkably in the case group than that in controls (45.86 vs 33.86%; 29.70 vs 20.87%), and the differences reached a significant level (P<0.05). After adjusting for age, gender, and BMI, the differences still reached a significant level (P<0.05). Rs11556218 TG genotype carriers had a 1.769-fold increased risk of developing T2DM (OR = 1.769, 95% CI = 1.045–2.994), and G allele was also associated with an increased risk of T2DM (OR = 1.639, 95% CI = 1.087–2.471). IL-16 rs4778889 polymorphism showed no significant association with T2DM risk.

Conclusion: IL-16 gene rs11556218 polymorphism was significantly associated with T2DM susceptibility in the Chinese Han population, while rs4778889 was not.
Fast and accurate frequency estimation in distorted grids using a three‐sample based algorithm
Authors: Reza Md. Shamim , Hossain Md. Maruf , Agelidis Vassilios G.
Published: August 2019

This study proposes a frequency estimation technique for single‐phase systems in the presence of harmonic pollution. The technique is based on three consecutive samples and has an infinite‐impulse response, thus being a relatively simple one. It is immune to harmonic distortion at both nominal and off‐nominal frequencies. In addition, it offers frequency step estimation with a settling time of one nominal fundamental cycle. Compared to the competing algorithm based on three consecutive samples, the proposed one offers a faster dynamic response and improved estimation at steady state, and is also computationally efficient, thus requiring less hardware and cost for implementation. Simulated and real‐time experimental results confirm that the proposed technique exhibits superior performance when compared to the considered similar algorithm.
Directional tensor product complex tight framelets for compressed sensing MRI reconstruction
Authors: Jiang Mingfeng , Lu Liang , Shen Yi , Wu Long , Gong Yinglan , Xia Ling , Liu Feng
Published: August 2019

Compressed sensing magnetic resonance imaging (CS‐MRI) is an effective way of reducing the sampling data in the k‐space and shortening the scanning time. Motivated by the high performance of directional tensor product complex tight framelets (TPCTFs) for the image denoising problem, the authors proposed a novel framework that integrated TPCTF for sparse representation and projected fast iterative soft‐thresholding algorithm (pFISTA) for CS‐MRI reconstruction. Furthermore, to take advantage of the cross‐scale relations in the wavelet tree of frame coefficients, the bivariate shrinkage (BS) function with local variance estimation is proposed to shrink thresholding. Such TPCTFs can provide sparse directional representations very well for MR image. When compared with other the state‐of‐the‐art CS‐MRI algorithms in numerical experiments, the proposed TPCTF‐BS method achieves a higher reconstruction quality with respect to image edge preservation and the artefact suppression.
Low light image enhancement based on non‐uniform illumination prior model
Authors: Wu Yahong , Zheng Jieying , Song Wanru , Liu Feng
Published: August 2019

Images captured under low‐light conditions are often of low visibility. To improve visualisation, a novel low light image enhancement method is presented based on the non‐uniform illumination prior model. First, the k‐means method is used to process the value channel in the hue‐saturation‐value (HSV) colour space after space conversion of the input image. Then, the initial illumination of segmented scenes is estimated by an improved maximum red–green–blue method. Next, an illumination preservation method is presented to maintain the naturalness of the enhanced image. Furthermore, the non‐uniform illumination prior model is proposed to enhance the textural details in the enhanced image. Fast Fourier transformation is used to accelerate the optimisation. Since an adaptive weight is assigned, the proposed method can preserve the edges and textures at the bright and edge areas. Experimental analysis shows that the results using the proposed method have less noise, better illumination, improved contrast, and satisfactory naturalness. In addition, the proposed method can provide better quality images in terms of subjective and objective assessments.
Detection of power line insulators on digital images with the use of laser spots
Authors: Tomaszewski Michał , Michalski Paweł , Ruszczak Bogdan , Zator Sławomir
Published: August 2019

The massive growth of technologies used to register and process digital images allow for their application in evaluating the technical condition of power lines. However, it is not possible without a set of dedicated methods for obtaining diagnostic information based on registered video data. The method described here details the detection of power line insulators in digital images featuring diversified backgrounds using laser spots. The algorithm of detecting an insulator in analysed images is based on testing the digital signal of pixel intensity profiles read between subsequent pairs of laser points in the image. The method is comprised of the following stages: import the image with laser spots, detection of spots on the image, and pattern classification of each image profile that is calculated for each found laser spots pair. The evaluated profiles depicting an insulator were characterised by regular patterns that reflect the target structure. To classify profiles as either insulator containing or non‐containing, several steps should be followed: averaging the signal, removing the linear trend, finding and alternating the minima and maxima. The performance of the proposed method was verified using an open‐access dataset, comprised of various scenes featuring high‐voltage power line insulators.
Path loss compensated beam switchable antennas with spatially modulated zero‐index metamaterial loading for 5G base stations
Authors: Karthikeya Gulur S. , Abegaonkar Mahesh P. , Koul Shiban K.
Published: August 2019

To achieve a uniform illumination on the ground in the context of an indoor millimetre‐wave 5G base station, path loss compensation is necessary. The gains of the antenna radiating at ±45° require an additional gain of 3 dB to compensate for the additional path loss to maintain the same link budget at those angles. Thus, to enhance the end‐fire gain with minimal electrical footprint, spatially modulated zero‐index metamaterial is proposed and integrated with a tapered slot antenna. The antenna post integration is analysed for the phase correction of the wavefront leading to a gain of 8.5 dBi and aperture efficiency of 77% at 28 GHz. A co‐polarised vertical stacking topology is proposed to achieve path loss compensated beam switchable antennas with an angular coverage of ±65° and mutual coupling <30 dB throughout the band. Detailed simulated and measured results are presented and are in good agreement.
Maiden coordinated load frequency control strategy for ST‐AWEC‐GEC‐BDDG‐based independent three‐area interconnected microgrid system with the combined effect of diverse energy storage and DC link using BOA‐optimised PFOID controller
Authors: Latif Abdul , Das Dulal Chandra , Barik Amar Kumar , Ranjan Sudhanshu
Published: August 2019

This work presents a maiden approach of coordinated frequency control of novel solar tower (ST)‐Archimedes wave energy conversion (AWEC)‐geothermal energy conversion (GEC)‐biodiesel driven generator (BDDG)‐energy storage (ES) units and direct current (DC) links based independent three‐area interconnected microgrid system (ImGS). A recent metaheuristic technique, named butterfly optimisation algorithm (BOA) is applied to obtain the optimal gains of the controllers employed with the ImGS and system participation factors. The dynamic performance of proportional–integral derivative (PID), PID with filter (PIDN), proportional–fractional‐order integral derivative (PFOID) controllers with their gains tuned by different algorithms such as particle swarm optimisation (PSO), firefly algorithm (FA), whale optimisation algorithm (WOA), and BOA have been compared. Further, the effect of ES units and DC links in all the areas is analysed first time in ImGS. The results have established the superiority of the BOA‐based PFOID controllers under different real‐world scenarios in terms of frequency deviation, tie‐line power, and objective functions. Finally, rigorous sensitivity analysis has been conducted to evaluate the superiority of BOA‐optimised PFOID controller towards preserving system stability of ImGS with ±25% change in synchronising tie‐line coefficients and bias values, and +20% change in loading condition without resetting the nominal condition gain values.
Mathematical model to estimate the maximum power output of a total cross tied connected PV array during partial shading condition
Authors: Changmai Papul , Nayak Sisir Kumar , Metya Sanjeev Kumar
Published: August 2019

Estimation of the output power of a solar photovoltaic (PV) system during partial shading condition (PSC) is an interest of PV installers. Owing to the inclusion of a bypass diode, the occurrence of local and global maximum peak creates more difficulty in the calculation of maximum power output from a PV array. In this study, a mathematical model is established to estimate the percentage of degradation of a square total cross tied (TCT) connected PV array at different PSCs. By employing the proposed algorithm, it will be easier to estimate the maximum power point of a () TCT connected PV array during PSC without using any measuring instrument except for the measurement of irradiance and temperature. A better correlation is obtained when the output of the proposed model is compared with MATLAB simulated output. The output of the proposed model is compared with the experimental output performed on an array comprises of 3 W PV modules and the comparison shows the satisfactory result.
Uncertainty‐aware forecast interval for hourly PV power output
Authors: Lee HyunYong , Kim Nac‐Woo , Lee Jun‐Gi , Lee Byung‐Tak
Published: August 2019

A forecast interval is effective for handling the forecast uncertainty in solar photovoltaic systems. In estimating the forecast interval, most available approaches apply an identical policy to all the point forecasts. This results in an inefficient interval (e.g. an unnecessarily wide interval for an accurate forecast). They also adopt a complex model and even require modification of the available deterministic forecasting model, which may adversely affect their application. To overcome these limitations, the authors introduce a forecast uncertainty‐aware forecast interval. They calculate a forecast accuracy‐related uncertainty metric from an ensemble method based on the dropout technique. The dropout technique is widely used in deep learning models. This implies that the proposed approach can be applied to available deep learning forecasting models without modifying them. Using the uncertainty metric and relevant data of previous forecast results, they estimate the uncertainty‐aware forecast interval. Through experiments using real‐world data, they first demonstrate the close relation of their uncertainty metric to the forecasting accuracy. Then, they demonstrate that the uncertainty‐aware forecast interval reduces the mean interval length by up to 25.7% and decreases the prediction interval coverage probability by 4.07%, compared to available approaches. This illustrates that their approach results in an effective interval.
Assembly of spheroid-dominated galaxies in the EAGLE simulation
Authors: Rosito M. S. , Tissera P. B. , Pedrosa S. E. , Rosas-Guevara Y.
Published: August 2019

Context. Despite the insights gained in the last few years, our knowledge about the formation and evolution scenario for the spheroid-dominated galaxies is still incomplete. New and more powerful cosmological simulations have been developed that together with more precise observations open the possibility of more detailed study of the formation of early-type galaxies (ETGs).

Aims. The aim of this work is to analyse the assembly histories of ETGs in a Λ cold dark matter cosmology, focussing on the archeological approach given by the mass-growth histories.

Methods. We inspected a sample of dispersion-dominated galaxies selected from the largest volume simulation of the EAGLE project. This simulation includes a variety of physical processes such as radiative cooling, star formation (SF), metal enrichment, and stellar and active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback. The selected sample comprised 508 spheroid-dominated galaxies classified according to their dynamical properties. Their surface brightness profile, the fundamental relations, kinematic properties, and stellar-mass growth histories are estimated and analysed. The findings are confronted with recent observations.

Results. The simulated ETGs are found to globally reproduce the fundamental relations of ellipticals. All of them have an inner disc component where residual younger stellar populations (SPs) are detected. A correlation between the inner-disc fraction and the bulge-to-total ratio is reported. We find a relation between kinematics and shape that implies that dispersion-dominated galaxies with lowV/σL(whereVis the average rotational velocity andσLthe one dimensional velocity dispersion) tend to have ellipticity smaller than ∼0.5 and are dominated by old stars. On average, less massive galaxies host slightly younger stars. More massive spheroids show coeval SPs while for less massive galaxies (stellar masses lower than ∼1010 M⊙), there is a clear trend to have rejuvenated inner regions, showing an age gap between the inner and the outer regions up to ∼2 Gyr, in apparent contradiction with observational findings. We find evidences suggesting that both the existence of the disc components with SF activity in the inner region and the accretion of satellite galaxies in outer regions could contribute to the outside-in formation history in galaxies with low stellar mass. On the other hand, there are non-negligible uncertainties in the determination of the ages of old stars in observed galaxies. Stronger supernova (SN) feedback and/or the action of AGN feedback for galaxies with stellar masses lower than 1010 M⊙could contribute to prevent the SF in the inner regions.