bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Concept of cтрах and Associated actions in Russian and their Translation into Spanish
Authors: Votyakova Irina , Quero-Gervilla Enrique F.
Published: July 2019

Translation in cognitive linguistics is a point of intersection and a means of communication and interpretation between cultures.  Currently, the studies which are carried out in the sphere of cognitive linguistics acquire significance due to their interdisciplinary character. This is because of the fact that their results are applicable to diverse fields, particularly in research on translation, as they present the issue of concept transfer, which construes complex mental categories.

In this article we are going to carry out a parallel analysis of the concepts страх//fear in Russian and miedo//fear in Spanish with a view to addressing two issues: 1. The translation of the noun страх into Spanish.  2.  The translation of actions associated with this noun.  In order to address the first issue, we have studied two translations into Spanish of the work Белая Гвардия //La Guardia blanca// The White Guard by Bulgakov: that of Pablo Díaz Mora and that of José Laín Entralgo. The analysis which has been carried out has allowed us to structure the parameters which must be considered when translating the noun страх and understand the strategies followed by the previously mentioned translators when translating this concept.  In order to analyze the second issue, we have researched the actions associated with the presence of the noun страх in Russian and their translations into Spanish, making use of the national corpus of the Russian language (RUSSCORPORA). In this study we show how the noun страх can appear in statements in which it performs the function of a direct object (преодолеть страх), and of a subject  (страх мучил меня) as well as in structures of the type страх Vf+prep. (oт,из,с, в)+страх (дрожать от страха).  This study has allowed us to confirm to what extent the actions associated with the presence of страх can find equivalents in Spanish, and what the most suitable strategies and techniques are for their translation into Spanish.
Schelling’s Metaphysics of Love
Authors: Jussaume Andrew ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: July 2019

This paper argues that Schelling’s understanding of love more readily captures his notion of unground as a contradictory-producing a priori. Love is a more appropriate term for unground insofar as it conveys the juxtaposition of feelings which motivate the eternal beginning. Self-expression, for Schelling, is born from the tension between God’s longing to be and his freedom. While this antithesis entails that God’s decision to be is only subjectively intelligible, it also implies the element of risk in the decision insofar as it suggests the groundlessness—and, thus, ambiguity—of God’s wanting to be. Indeed, for Schelling, God must decide whether to relinquish his perfection for the sake of an uncertain future. This essay offers a fresh interpretation God’s decision insofar as it introduces love as a means of understanding the attractiveness of God’s risk-taking, while also affirming his freedom to decide if the risk is worthwhile.
Formación y orientación para el emprendimiento. lo que dicen la bibliometría y los emprendedores noveles
Authors: Palomares-Montero Davinia , Chisvert-Tarazona Maria José , Suárez-Ortega Magdalena
Published: July 2019

RESUMENEl actual contexto socioeconómico obliga a realizar una revisión profunda del sentido del trabajo en la población. En momentos de escasez de oportunidades laborales y de redefinición del sentido y el significado del trabajo muchas personas consideran la opción del autoempleo como alternativa al desempleo y la precariedad laboral. Sin embargo, informes oficiales muestran altas tasas de abandono de los proyectos empresariales en sus primeros años. Con la intención de conocer las razones de esta situación, se centra la atención en analizar el papel que juega la orientación profesional en las fases iniciales del emprendimiento para favorecer una reflexión profunda sobre los motivos y las motivaciones que llevan a emprender. Para ello, mediante el análisis bibliométrico se analiza el tratamiento que la comunidad científica ha realizado de la orientación profesional como impulsora del emprendimiento. El método Delphi completa la investigación, que permite una aproximación a la esfera profesional, a través de las opiniones de emprendedores noveles. La triangulación de estas dos metodologías permite generar un espacio de análisis que permite redefinir el modo de actuación de la orientación profesional frente al emprendimiento. Los resultados ponen de relieve la necesidad de avanzar en el diseño de propuestas orientadoras y formativas que motiven al emprendimiento desde una visión integral.ABSTRACTThe current socioeconomic definition requires a deep revision of the meaning of work in the population. When job opportunities are limited and the meaning of work is redefining itself, many people consider the option of self-employment as an alternative to unemployment and job insecurity. However, official reports show high rates of abandonment of business projects in their early years. To understand the reasons for this high level of business failure, we focus our attention on analysing the role that professional guidance plays in the initial phases of entrepreneurship to encourage a deep reflection on the reasons and motivations that lead to undertake a business project. We apply bibliometric analysis to analyse the scientific community’s treatment of professional orientation as a promoter of entrepreneurship. We further complete our investigation with the Delphi method, which allows us to approach the real sphere: the opinion of novice entrepreneurs. Using these two methodologies allows generating a space of analysis that permits to redefine the way of acting of the career guidance in front of the entrepreneurship. The results highlight the need to advance the design of guiding and training proposals that motivate entrepreneurship from a holistic point of view.
Aggressive Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma in Posterior Mandible– Case Report in A Child
Authors: KAPTAN Arife , ÇUKURCU Çiğdem , KUZU Turan Emre
Published: July 2019

The
peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) is a common benign hyperplastic and
reactive gingival lesion occurring mostly in adults. We report a case of a 10-year-old
boy presenting with a six-month history soft tissue mass of the left mandibular
gingiva associated with ulceration area. An excisional biopsy of the lesion
followed by histopathologic examination of the biopsy specimen revealed
distinctive features of peripheral giant cell granuloma. In
these case report after 12 months of follow up spontaenous eruptions of
permanent teeth were noticed.
Clinical, radiographical and histological characteristics are discussed and
recommendations regarding treatment.
Récit de tournage : le documentaire comme méthode de recherche-action
Authors: Charlebois François-Xavier
Published: July 2019

La problématique sociale du raccrochage scolaire fait l’objet de peu d’attention de la part des chercheurs (Voyer, Potvin et Bourdon, 2014). Les recherches menées de l’intérieur à partir de la parole des acteurs concernés par la problématique sont d’autant plus rares. En 2012, le réseau de recherche-action PARcours, coordonné par Danielle Desmarais, professeure à l’École de travail social de l’Université du Québec à Montréal, a produit un long métrage documentaire réalisé par Jonathan Durand. Ce film, intituléL’école pour moi, consigne les récits de vie de 14 jeunes provenant de quatre pays (Canada [Québec], France, Belgique et Espagne). Cet article présente les prémisses épistémologiques de notre production et propose une réflexion sur le potentiel du documentaire comme outil de recherche-action. L’usage de la vidéo révèle un fort potentiel de développement de réflexivité pour les jeunes ayant travaillé à mettre leur vie en récit devant la caméra. Deuxièmement, le film constitue un outil important pour la formation de futurs pédagogues et pour l’accompagnement de jeunes en situation de raccrochage scolaire. Troisièmement, la méthode dugo-alongque nous avons employée révèle, pour les scientifiques, un fort potentiel en ce qui a trait à la production de données originales et complémentaires à des méthodes d’entretien biographique formel. Ces méthodes et les retombées observées rendent compte du dynamisme de la recherche-action dans les disciplines pratiques comme le travail social et l’éducation.
Types de discours et interprétations de l’agir de jeunes en situation de raccrochage scolaire
Authors: Hannequart-Fortin Fabienne , Merri Maryvonne
Published: July 2019

Cette étude analyse l’interprétation de l’agir de trois jeunes en situation de raccrochage scolaire aux diverses étapes de leur trajectoire, selon les types de discours employés lors des récits autobiographiques. Nous adoptons une typologie de l’interprétation de l’agir selon deux axes (axes de l’agentivité et de la typicalité) et nous analysons la construction de cette interprétation par l’articulation des types de discours. L’analyse révèle les négociations des jeunes avec les normes et les structures sociales, explicitées par le discours théorique ou présentes implicitement dans le discours interactif direct. La narration situe l’individu par rapport aux expériences d’autrui, et le discours interactif rapporté introduit des moments émergents dans la trajectoire ou illustre le fonctionnement typique des institutions. Enfin, le discours interactif direct donne lieu à une négociation de sens avec l’intervieweur pour partager ou généraliser l’expérience. Malgré des positions sociales et scolaires comparables, les jeunes engagent leur responsabilité à des niveaux variables sur l’axe de l’agentivité, d’une adhésion aux normes de responsabilisation et d’autonomie sur le mode de la culpabilité à une mise en défaut de l’institution scolaire par le décrochage.
À la recherche des rythmes sonores d’un square menacé de Montréal
Authors: Boucher Nathalie , Fletcher Christopher
Published: July 2019

Enregistrer de façon expérimentale des sons dans un square central montréalais très peu fréquenté nous a conduits à l’analyse de la matérialité du son et de l’enregistrement de l’audible en zone urbaine. Le square Viger a été construit dans les années 1980 au-dessus d’une autoroute est-ouest reliant le Quartier latin et le Vieux-Montréal. Jamais réellement terminé, le square, aujourd’hui mal entretenu, est un parc urbain délabré et abandonné que quelques groupes de personnes itinérantes se sont approprié. La dynamique complexe de santé publique et de souffrance sociale alimente l’image d’échec urbain du square. En septembre 2012, nous avons quadrillé le square en enregistrant son paysage sonore (Schafer 2010 [1977]). Nous souhaitions explorer l’intersection de différentes textures sensorielles associées à l’espace et ainsi approfondir notre compréhension de ses aires comme des surfaces tridimensionnelles et sensoriellement complexes. L’objectification de l’audible a révélé la coexistence de différents paysages sonores dans le square et leurs interactions avec l’environnement immédiat mais invisible. L’analyse de ces paysages par la rythmanalyse de Lefebvre (1992) a fait émerger différentes matérialités. Notre réflexion, théorique et empirique, souligne le rôle potentiel qu’une ethnographie des sons pourrait jouer dans l’orientation d’interventions visant à améliorer le design et l’utilisation du square.
Expérience acoustique et pratiques musicales de musiciens de métro
Authors: Wees Nick , Paré-Beauchemin Sophie , Fournier Robert
Published: July 2019

Dans cet article, j’examine l’expérience acoustique des espaces souterrains du métro de Montréal et j’expose les pratiques et perceptions des musiciens qui performent dans cet environnement. Je considère comment les caractéristiques acoustiques particulières qui distinguent les espaces souterrains des espaces en surface influencent les relations coproductives qu’ont les gens avec ces espaces. Les musiciens ambulants qui performent dans le réseau du métro doivent composer avec les contraintes et les possibilités posées par les caractéristiques matérielles de ces lieux – surtout en matière d’acoustique – ainsi qu’avec la réglementation en vigueur et les normes sociales dominantes. Les musiciens de métro font preuve de tactiques fort variables et improvisées dans le cadre de leurs pratiques musicales et spatiales. Bien qu’elles puissent muter alors qu’elles sont liées à des caractéristiques personnelles et spatiales singulières, ces pratiques sont somme toute assez durables et cohésives pour être qualifiées d’acte d’agencement, une réalité qui démontre la nature coproductive du corps et de l’espace. Enfin, je suggère un parallèle entre les pratiques de nature technologique des musiciens de rue et la production audiovisuelle réalisée dans le cadre de ma recherche, deux éléments qui soulignent la relationnalité du corps et de l’espace ainsi que le rôle participatif d’agents matériels dans l’expérience sensorielle.
PhD revisited: Students’ Perceptions of Democracy, Politics, and Citizenship Preparation and Implications for Social Studies Education
Authors: Mathé Nora Elise Hesby
Published: July 2019

While several studies have investigated young people’s attitudes towards and participation in democracy and politics, as well as the influence of citizenship education on young people’s political participation, few studies have explored students’ perceptions of the concepts of democracy and politics and their own perceptions of citizenship education. The purpose of this study is to investigate the theme of democracy and politics in social studies in upper secondary school. Methodologically, this study relied on multiple methods of data collection and analysis to investigate students’ perceptions: Qualitative focus groups and interviews and a quantitative survey. To analyse students’ perceptions, I drew on citizenship education literature, focusing on the role and teaching of school subjects such as social studies, as well as political theory, focusing on theoretical perspectives on the concepts of democracy and politics. The findings show that the students perceived ‘democracy’ and ‘politics’ both in terms of top-down notions of government and other political institutions and bottom-up perspectives focused on discussions and other non-institutional aspects of democratic politics. Moreover, the findings indicate that students perceived social studies as valuable in terms of preparing them for current and future citizenship and that their enjoyment and aspects of instruction were most strongly associated with these perceptions.
The First Integrals of a Second Order Ordinary Differential Equation and Application
Authors: Hu Yanxia , Du Xiaofei
Published: July 2019

The first integrals of second order ordinary differential equations are considered. The necessary conditions of the existence of analytical first integrals for the equation are presented. Then, the first integrals of the equation are obtained using Lie symmetry method. The results of the first integrals are applied to certain classes of partial differential equations, the conditions of nonexistence of the traveling wave solutions of the partial differential equations are obtained, and traveling wave solutions of the equations under the certain parametric conditions are also obtained.
Crop Growth and Productivity of Rainy Maize-garden Pea Copping Sequence as Influenced by Kappaphycus and Gracilaria Saps at Alluvial Soil of West Bengal, India
Authors: Garai Sourav , Brahmachari Koushik , Sarkar Sukamal , Kundu Rajib , Pal Mriganka , Pramanick Biswajit
Published: July 2019

Aim: Cereal-legume cropping system has been proved to be one of the best alternatives for a productive as well as profitable farming in West Bengal. Maize is an important cereal crop which is widely grown during rainy (kharif) season throughout the State. While garden pea, a short duration winter (rabi) season vegetable, can easily fit in any existing cereal-legume cropping system. The present nutrient management strategies solely relay on NPK based chemical fertilizer application which results in the gradual deterioration in soil physical and chemical properties and stagnant crop yield. To maximize production level by spraying extracts of natural products that contain stimulants, is a strategic move to overcome the ill effects of the use of excessive doses of inorganic fertilizer.

Methodology: The present field experiment was conducted in Nadia district, West Bengal during rainy and winter season of 2016-17 and 2017-18 to assess the impact of seaweed extracts on crop growth and productivity under maize-garden pea cropping sequence. There were four concentrations of Kappaphycus seaweed sap (K-sap) (5.0 and 10%); two concentrations of GA3 free K-sap (5.0 and 10%); two concentrations of Gracillaria seaweed sap (G-sap) (5.0 and 10%) and a control [Recommended dose (RD) of NPK only].

Results: Experimental results revealed that the foliar application of K-sap (10%) along with RD of NPK resulted in an impressive performance of both the crops in terms of growth (plant height, biomass, crop growth rate), yield attributes and yield, which was closely, followed G sap (10%). Throughout the growth period of garden pea, plants received recommended dose of fertilizer supplemented with K-sap at 10% concentration recorded significantly highest biomass production (56.94, 170.02 and 309.37 g m-2 respectively).

Conclusion: This may be concluded that the foliar application of 10% K-sap along with RD of NPK can be recommended for maize-garden pea cropping sequence.
Effects of Gamma Rays on Cocona (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal)
Authors: Ticona-Benavente César Augusto , Andrade Adria Santos , Batista Manoel Ronaldo Aguiar , Filho Danilo Fernandes da Silva
Published: July 2019

Harvesting hairy fruits of current cocona (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal) is a painful task because the hair is itching. Therefore, growers would be interested in hairless fruit type planting materials. Breeding for this character depends on the amount of genetic variety present within the species. In the case of limited genetic variability occurring naturally, one can be created using mutagenic agents. Gamma rays were used in the course of the present study on cocona seeds of genotype CUB-08 at 100, 150, 200, 300 and 400 Gy. Irradiated seeds were sown in styrofoam seedling trays, then  transplanted in the open field, three months later, following a randomized block design with four replications and seven plants per plot, in the Agricultural experimental station of the National Institute for Amazonian Research (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia).

The 100 and 150 Gy radiations led to germinating vigor and fruit pilosity variability whereas 200 Gy decreased the germination rate, and 300 and 400 Gy were totally deleterious. Therefore, gamma rays 100-150 Gy could be used to enhance genetic diversity for fruit pilosity and for fruit number as well.
O processo de verticalização na zona central da cidade de Viçosa-MG: uma análise a partir da expansão da Universidade Federal de Viçosa e do seu impacto na estruturação do espaço urbano
Authors: Paula Karine Almeida
Published: July 2019

Ao longo dos anos, as Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior (IFES) têm sido objeto de programas governamentais com vistas a reestruturá-las internamente e expandi-las. Muitas dessas IFES se encontram instaladas em cidades médias e pequenas, levando a transformações e impactos socioeconômicos. Assim, buscou-se compreender o processo de verticalização na zona central de Viçosa-MG e sua relação com as expansões da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV). Dessa forma, foi possível observar a existência de uma relação direta entre as expansões da UFV e o processo de verticalização na zona central de Viçosa-MG, assim como um aumento no número de edifícios acima de 4 pavimentos, localizando-se, principalmente, nas vias adjacentes à UFV, mudanças na tipologia dos edifícios e dos apartamentos. Destaca-se, também, um papel proeminente do investidor alavancando o processo de verticalização e uma permissividade do poder público frente à produção maciça de espaços verticalizados.

Abstract

THE VERTICALIZATION PROCESS IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF VIÇOSA - MG: AN ANALYSIS BASED ON EXPANSION OF THE FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF VIÇOSA AND ITS IMPACT ON THE URBAN SPACE STRUCTURE

Over the years, the Federal Institutions of Higher Education (Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior - IFES) have been the focal point of governmental programs seeking to restructure them internally and to expand them. Many of these IFES are located in medium and small cities, leading to transformations and socioeconomic impacts. Thus, this study sought to understand the verticalization process in the central region of Viçosa-MG and its relationhsip with the expansion of the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV). It was possible to observe the existence of a direct relationship between the expansions of the UFV and the verticalization process in the central region of Viçosa, as well as an increase in the number of buildings taller than 4 stories, mainly located on roads adjacent to the UFV, and changes in the typology of buildings and apartments. Also noteworthy is the prominent role of the investor in leveraging the verticalization process and the permission of public powers considering the massive production of verticalized spaces.
A Influência das Relações Sociais na Eficiência Individual das Organizações em Arranjos Produtivos
Authors: Reyes Júnior Edgar
Published: July 2019

Este artigo analisa arranjos produtivos, considerando que as relações sociais, internas e externas, influem na eficiência das organizações. A base destas relações é a confiança, baseada em características, processos e instituições, que é ao mesmo tempo elemento formador e estruturador do conjunto de relações. Foram estudadas 53 empresas do setor de curtumes da cidade de Estância Velha, sendo citadas ao todo 250 empresas, em estudo quantitativo em que se utilizou a metodologia de análise de redes sociais. Os resultados obtidos permitem identificar que tanto a eficiência, quanto o índice relacional construído para a análise aumentam em função do aumento do porte da empresa; da antiguidade da organização; do aumento da escolaridade do empresário; da atividade exportadora da empresa. Observou-se ainda que a eficiência não se altera pelo fato do empresário residir ou não na cidade, mas seu nível de relações é maior entre aqueles que habitam a cidade.
Governança Corporativa e Desempenho em Instituições Privadas de Ensino Superior: Um Estudo de Caso em Minas Gerais
Authors: Santos Alexandre Pompeu dos
Published: July 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar o resultado de um estudo de caso sobre uma Instituição de Ensino Superior – BETA, que visou analisar as relações entre a estrutura de propriedade e controle e as práticas de governança corporativa com o desempenho. O trabalho estuda essa relação a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa. Para obtenção dos dados foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas, junto aos principais dirigentes da instituição de ensino, e procedidas visitas para coleta de dados do período de 2002 a 2005. Outros dados foram obtidos nos sítios do Ministério da Educação e Cultura e do Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira na internet. Os resultados apontam a existência de relações entre a governança corporativa na instituição de ensino superior e seu desempenho. A instituição pesquisada instituiu comitês para auxiliar a administração e, em curto espaço de tempo, apresentou melhora representativa em seus resultados. Por outro lado, não foi possível verificar, com tanta nitidez, uma relação direta entre a governança corporativa e o desempenho acadêmico na instituição pesquisada, o que não significa que ela não exista. O trabalho contribui com o debate sobre as práticas de governança corporativa nas instituições de ensino superior e com fortes indicativos da relação entre governança e desempenho.
Erg mediates downregulation of claudin‐5 in the brain endothelium of a murine experimental model of cerebral malaria
Authors: Liu Fuhong , Liu Qiang , Yuan Fangshu , Guo Shuling , Liu Jinzhi , Sun Zongguo , Gao Peng , Wang Yu , Yan Suhua , Liu Ju
Published: July 2019

Cerebral malaria (CM) is a severe complication with brain vascular hyperpermeability. Claudin‐5 is the major component of tight junctions. To investigate the expression of claudin‐5 in CM, we established a murine experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) model and an in vitro model by treating murine brain endothelial cells (bEnd3) with plasma from ECM mice. Expression of claudin‐5 and the ETS transcription factor Erg was reduced in the brain endothelium of ECM mice. In bEnd3 cells exposed to ECM plasma, decreased expression of claudin‐5 and Erg, and increased permeability were observed. Silencing of Erg significantly reduced Cldn5 expression. ChIP assays indicated that Erg binds to the −813 ETS motif of the murine Cldn5 gene promoter, and the binding is decreased by treatment with ECM plasma.
Reduced Ovarian Function in Female Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Trying to Conceive
Authors: Brouwer Jenny , Dolhain Radboud J. E. M. , Hazes Johanna M. W. , Visser Jenny A. , Laven Joop S. E.
Published: July 2019

Objective

Subfertility, a time to pregnancy (TTP) longer than 12 months, is present in 40% of female patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who are actively trying to conceive. Because patients with RA appear to reach menopause at a younger age, diminished ovarian function may explain the reduced fertility. Serum anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels are the best proxy to measure ovarian function. Our objectives were to study AMH levels in female patients with RA and determine the association of preconception serum AMH levels with TTP.

Methods

A post hoc analysis was performed before conception in patients of the Pregnancy‐Induced Amelioration of Rheumatoid Arthritis (PARA) cohort. Serum AMH levels were compared with those in an existing cohort of healthy controls using analysis of covariance. Associations between AMH and TTP were studied using the Cox proportional hazard analysis.

Results

Preconception serum was available in 209 women of the PARA cohort (aged 32.1 ± 3.9 years), of whom 45% were subfertile in the current episode. The median AMH level was 2.5 μg/l (interquartile range: 1.5‐4.6). AMH levels were significantly lower compared with those in healthy controls (P < 0.001), with 17% of patients having levels below the age‐specific 10th percentile. A multivariable analysis showed a negative association of AMH with the presence of anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) (P = 0.009). AMH levels showed no significant association with TTP (P = 0.26).

Conclusion

Women with RA have lower AMH levels than healthy controls, and AMH levels were lower in ACPA‐positive patients. However, because preconception AMH levels were not associated with TTP, the reduced AMH levels do not explain the reduced fertility in patients with RA.
Influence of Electron Acceptor and Electron Donor on the Photophysical Properties of Carbon Dots: A Comparative Investigation at the Bulk‐State and Single‐Particle Level
Authors: Srivastava Indrajit , Khamo John S. , Pandit Subhendu , Fathi Parinaz , Huang Xuedong , Cao Anleen , Haasch Richard T. , Nie Shuming , Zhang Kai , Pan Dipanjan
Published: July 2019

Carbon dots (CDs) are extensively studied to investigate their unique optical properties such as undergoing electron transfer in different scenarios. This work presents an in‐depth investigation to study the ensemble‐averaged state/bulk state and single‐particle level photophysical properties of CDs that are passivated with electron‐accepting (CD‐A) and electron‐donating molecules (CD‐D) on their surface. The bulk‐state experiments reveal that in a mixture of these CDs, CD‐A dominates the overall photophyiscal properties and eventually leads to formation of at least two associated geometries, which is dependent on time, concentration, intramolecular electron/charge transfer, and hydrogen bonding. Single‐particle studies, however, do not reveal an “acceptor‐dominating” scenario based on analysis of instantaneous intensity, bleaching kinetics, and photoblinking, indicating that the direct interaction of these CDs may affect their photophysical properties in the bulk state due to formation of hierarchical structural assemblies. Here it is anticipated that these fundamental results will further provide insights toward the understanding of the complex mechanism associated with CD emission, which is one of the key contributors to their successful application. As an immediate application of these functional CDs, it is shown that they can be used as a sensing array for metal ions and serve as a powerful toolbox for their technological applications.
Unveiling the Nanoparticle‐Seeded Catalytic Nucleation Kinetics of Perovskite Solar Cells by Time‐Resolved GIXS
Authors: Lin Chung‐Yao , Li Shao‐Sian , Chang Je‐Wei , Chia Hao‐Chung , Hsiao Yu‐Yun , Su Chun‐Jen , Lian Bing‐Jun , Wen Cheng‐Yen , Huang Shao‐Ku , Wu Wei‐Ru , Wang Di‐Yan , Su An‐Chung , Chen Chun‐Wei , Jeng U‐Ser
Published: July 2019

Recently, a new seeding growth approach for perovskite thin films is reported to significantly enhance the device performance of perovskite solar cells. This work unveils the intermediate structures and the corresponding growth kinetics during conversion to perovskite crystal thin films assisted by seeding PbS nanocrystals (NCs), using time‐resolved grazing‐incidence X‐ray scattering. Through analyses of time‐resolved crystal formation kinetics obtained from synchrotron X‐rays with a fast subsecond probing time resolution, an important “catalytic” role of the seed‐like PbS NCs is clearly elucidated. The perovskite precursor‐capped PbS NCs are found to not only accelerate the nucleation of a highly oriented intermediate phase, but also catalyze the conversion of the intermediate phase into perovskite crystals with a reduced activation energy Ea = 47 (±5) kJ mol−1, compared to 145 (±38) kJ mol−1 for the pristine perovskite thin film. The reduced Ea is attributed to a designated crystal lattice alignment of the perovskite nanocrystals with perovskite cubic crystals; the pivotal heterointerface alignment of the perovskite crystals coordinated by the Pb NCs leads to an improved film surface morphology with less pinholes and enhanced crystal texture and thermal stability. These together contribute to the significantly improved photovoltaic performance of the corresponding devices.
Encoded Microneedle Arrays for Detection of Skin Interstitial Fluid Biomarkers
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxuan , Chen Guopu , Bian Feika , Cai Lijun , Zhao Yuanjin
Published: July 2019

Skin interstitial fluid (ISF) is considered as an emerging source of biomarkers with physiological and medical significance. Microneedle arrays (MNs) provide a promising means for painless, noninvasive detection of these biomarkers. Here, novel MNs integrated with photonic crystal (PhC) barcodes are presented, and multiplex specific detection of ISF biomarkers is realized for the first time. The PhC barcodes‐loaded flexible MNs are simply fabricated by replicating dynamic ferrofluid‐cast micromoldings. When the prepared MNs are inserted into skin, they can enrich specific biomarkers to their probes‐decorated PhC barcodes. Thus, by adding corresponding fluorescent probes to form sandwich immunocomplexes, the relative content of the biomarkers can be read out through the fluorescence intensity of the barcodes; meanwhile, the species of these biomarkers can be clearly distinguished by the reflection peaks of the PhC barcodes. Based on the encoded MNs, their sensitivity, flexibility, and versatility of capturing and detecting three inflammatory cytokines are demonstrated in a sepsis mice model. Compared with existing MNs for ISF detection, the encoded MNs not only possess equivalent detection effects with less post‐processing and simplified procedures, but can also detect multiple biomarkers simultaneously, which makes them ideal in many clinical and biomedical detection areas.
Printable Ta Substrate with High Stability and Enhanced Interface Adhesion for Flexible Supercapacitor Performance Improvement
Authors: Zhang Yupu , Wang Lili , Cai Dong , Li La , Li Junzhi , Chen Duo , Cao Junming , Dai Xiaohang , Han Wei
Published: July 2019

The existence of supercapacitors with a long calendar life, a superior power density, and a higher mechanical stability is increasingly drawing attention due to their viability to be used as power sources onboard wearable electronics. However, a considerable issue is that upon repeated cycling, an unstable interface between the conducting substrate and the active materials leads to low conductivity and overall poor device performance, thereby hindering its practical applications. Tantalum foil is a potential substrate which can be used in the fabrication of supercapacitors; it has strong corrosion resistive properties, good bendability, and is mechanically stable. These properties make it suitable for use in supercapacitors. Here, a printable tantalum foil substrate with printed carbon particles on its surface is described, showing high adhesion and a greatly improved interface for the fabrication of traditional activated carbon film based supercapacitors. The flexible solid‐state supercapacitors with this printable substrate achieve a higher volumetric capacitance, outstanding energy density, a higher power density, and provide excellent mechanical flexibility. These results indicate that the strategy to use a printable substrate with an enhanced adhesion interface provides an alternative method to achieve highly stable and highly efficient supercapacitors which are ideal to be used in portable devices and flexible electronics.
Efficient C−S Bond Formation by Direct Functionalization of C(sp3)−H Bond Adjacent to Heteroatoms under Metal‐Free Conditions
Authors: Zhao Feng , Tan Qi , Wang Dahan , Chen Jinjin , Deng Guo‐Jun
Published: July 2019

A simple and efficient method for the formation of C−S bond via direct functionalization of C(sp3)−H bond adjacent to heteroatoms was described under metal‐free conditions. In this work, stable and easily accessible sodium sulfinates were used as the thiolating agents to afford various aryl thioethers in moderate to excellent yields. Mechanistic explorations show that a radical pathyway is possibly involved during the transformations.

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Efficiency Enhancement with the Ferroelectric Coupling Effect Using P(VDF‐TrFE) in CH3NH3PbI3 Solar Cells
Authors: Jia Endong , Wei Dong , Cui Peng , Ji Jun , Huang Hao , Jiang Haoran , Dou Shangyi , Li Meicheng , Zhou Chunlan , Wang Wenjing
Published: July 2019

A novel ferroelectric coupling photovoltaic effect is reported to enhance the open‐circuit voltage (VOC) and the efficiency of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells. A theoretical analysis demonstrates that this ferroelectric coupling effect can effectively promote charge extraction as well as suppress combination loss for an increased minority carrier lifetime. In this study, a ferroelectric polymer P(VDF‐TrFE) is introduced to the absorber layer in solar cells with a proper cocrystalline process. Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) is used to confirm that the P(VDF‐TrFE):CH3NH3PbI3 mixed thin films possess ferroelectricity, while the pure CH3NH3PbI3 films have no obvious PFM response. Additionally, with the applied external bias voltages on the ferroelectric films, the devices begin to show tunable photovoltaic performance, as expected for the polarization in the poling process. Furthermore, it is shown that through the ferroelectric coupled effect, the efficiency of the CH3NH3PbI3‐based perovskite photovoltaic devices is enhanced by about 30%, from 13.4% to 17.3%. And the open‐circuit voltages (VOC) reach 1.17 from 1.08 V, which is reported to be among the highest VOCs for CH3NH3PbI3‐based devices. It should be noted in particular that the thickness of the layer is less than 160 nm, which can be regarded as semi‐transparent.
CMOS Compatible Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 Ferroelectric Tunnel Junctions for Neuromorphic Devices
Authors: Mittermeier Bernhard , Dörfler Andreas , Horoschenkoff Anna , Katoch Rajesh , Schindler Christina , Ruediger Andreas , Kolhatkar Gitanjali
Published: July 2019

While machine learning algorithms are becoming more and more elaborate, their underlying artificial neural networks most often still rely on the binary von Neumann computer architecture. However, artificial neural networks access their full potential when combined with gradually switchable artificial synapses. Herein, complementary metal oxide semiconductor‐compatible Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 ferroelectric tunnel junctions fabricated by radio‐frequency magnetron sputtering are used as artificial synapses. On a single synapse level, their neuromorphic behavior is quantitatively investigated with spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity. It is found that the learning rate of the synapses mainly depends on the voltage amplitude of the applied stimulus. The experimental findings are well reproduced with simulations based on the nucleation‐limited‐switching model.
Prevalence of low back pain in migrant construction workers in Mar del Plata, Argentina
Authors: Machado Susseret Nestor , Briceno‐Ayala Leonardo , Radon Katja
Published: July 2019

Background

We aimed to compare employment conditions, psychosocial working conditions, and prevalence of low back pain among migrant and local construction workers in Argentina.

Methods

In a cross‐sectional study among workers from three contracting and eight subcontracting companies as well as 26 construction sites in the region of Buenos Aires, Argentina, 134 out of 150 local (89% response) and 141 out of 150 migrant construction workers (94% response) answered a validated questionnaire. Psychosocial working conditions were evaluated based on an imbalance between efforts and rewards (ERI).

Results

Compared to local workers, migrants were younger, more likely to work without a contract (57% vs 8%), to report ERI (81% vs 18%) and to suffer from low back pain during the 7‐days before study (80% vs 42%) (all P < .0001). After mutual adjustment, being a migrant (prevalence ratio 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4‐3.0) and working without a contract (1.7; 95% CI, 1.4‐2.1) were statistically significant risk factors for low back pain.

Conclusions

This study describes the precarious situation of migrant workers in the Argentinian construction industry and the potential health consequences. Provision of formal employment relations might help to better protect migrant workers’ safety and health. Prospective studies are needed to assess the causes and effects of the findings we describe.
Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Dimer‐Derived Persistent Tertiary‐Carbon‐Centered Radicals with Azo Compounds
Authors: Ohnishi Rikako , Sugawara Masumi , Akakabe Mai , Ezawa Tetsuya , Koshino Hiroyuki , Sohtome Yoshihiro , Sodeoka Mikiko
Published: July 2019

Cross‐coupling reactions using tertiary carbon‐centered radicals are an important class of transformations for constructing C(sp3)−C(sp3) bonds, but the use of dimers as precursors of the persistent radicals is quite rare. Herein, we describe a radical‐based cross‐coupling reaction between dimers (prepared from 2‐oxindoles and benzofuranones) and azo compounds that proceeds simply upon heating the reaction mixture. We present a conformational analysis of the dimers and we characterize the generation of a persistent radical via cleavage of the elongated C(3)−C(3’) σ‐bond. The behavior of the dimers in solution was characterized by spectroscopic analysis, helping to provide a basis for expanding the substrate scope of the cross‐coupling reaction.
Interleukin 9 alterations linked to alzheimer disease in african americans
Authors: Wharton Whitney , Kollhoff Alexander L. , Gangishetti Umesh , Verble Danielle D. , Upadhya Samsara , Zetterberg Henrik , Kumar Veena , Watts Kelly D. , Kippels Andrea J. , Gearing Marla , Howell J. Christina , Parker Monica W. , Hu William T.
Published: July 2019

Objective

Compared to older Caucasians, older African Americans have higher risks of developing Alzheimer disease (AD) and lower cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau biomarker levels. It is not known whether tau‐related differences begin earlier in life or whether race modifies other AD‐related biomarkers such as inflammatory proteins.

Methods

We performed multiplex cytokine analysis in a healthy middle‐aged cohort with family history of AD (n = 68) and an older cohort (n = 125) with normal cognition (NC), mild cognitive impairment, or AD dementia. After determining baseline interleukin (IL)‐9 level and AD‐associated IL‐9 change to differ according to race, we performed immunohistochemical analysis for proteins mechanistically linked to IL‐9 in brains of African Americans and Caucasians (n = 38), and analyzed postmortem IL‐9–related gene expression profiles in the publicly available Mount Sinai cohort (26 African Americans and 180 Caucasians).

Results

Compared to Caucasians with NC, African Americans with NC had lower CSF tau, p‐Tau181, and IL‐9 levels in both living cohorts. Conversely, AD was only correlated with increased CSF IL‐9 levels in African Americans but not Caucasians. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed perivascular, neuronal, and glial cells immunoreactive to IL‐9, and quantitative analysis in independent US cohorts showed AD to correlate with molecular changes (upstream differentiation marker and downstream effector cell marker) of IL‐9 upregulation only in African Americans but not Caucasians.

Interpretation

Baseline and AD‐associated IL‐9 differences between African Americans and Caucasians point to distinct molecular phenotypes for AD according to ancestry. Genetic and nongenetic factors need to be considered in future AD research involving unique populations. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:407–418
Water‐Mediated Surface Diffusion Mechanism Enables the Cold Sintering Process: A Combined Computational and Experimental Study
Authors: Sengul Mert Y. , Guo Jing , Randall Clive A. , van Duin Adri C. T.
Published: July 2019

The cold sintering process (CSP) densifies ceramics at much lower temperatures than conventional sintering processes. Several ceramics and composite systems have been successfully densified under cold sintering. For the grain growth kinetics of zinc oxide, reduced activation energies are shown, and yet the mechanism behind this growth is unknown. Herein, we investigate these mechanisms in more detail with experiments and ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulations. We investigated the recrystallization of zinc cations under various acidic conditions and found that their adsorption to the surface can be a rate‐limiting factor for cold sintering. Our studies show that surface hydroxylation in CSP does not inhibit crystallization; in contrast, by creating a surface complex, it creates an orders of magnitude acceleration in surface diffusion, and in turn, accelerates recrystallization.
Retarded Solid‐State Rotations of an Oval‐Shaped Guest in a Deformed Cylinder with CH–π Arrays
Authors: Matsuno Taisuke , Fukunaga Kengo , Sato Sota , Isobe Hiroyuki
Published: July 2019

Upon encapsulating an oval‐shaped hydrocarbon guest, a cylindrical host deforms its shape to maximize intermolecular contacts. Structure–assembly relationship studies with a series of hydrocarbon guests disclosed the importance of molecular shapes and CH–π contacts. Multiple contacts and weak CH–π hydrogen bonds resulted in an optimal assembly; however, the shape deformation resulted in severe retardation of rotational motions in the crystal. Thus, unlike a circular guest, the oval‐shaped guest did not change its orientation in the host. Unexpectedly, the planar guest did not affect the packing structure to form a double helix in intertwined host arrays.
Stability analysis of state‐triggered impulsive boolean networks based on a hybrid index model
Authors: Guo Yuqian , Shen Yawen , Gui Weihua
Published: July 2019

Several real processes, such as gene expression, operate on very different timescales. This paper suggests a hybrid index model for discrete‐time impulsive systems exhibiting both macro‐ and micro‐timescale behaviors, and applies it to a stability study of state‐triggered impulsive Boolean networks (IBNs). The model conveniently characterizes the instantaneousness of jumping and essentially differs from the conventional switched‐system model. A necessary and sufficient condition for forward completeness (a basic problem in state‐triggered IBNs) is also obtained. The necessary and sufficient conditions for stability and set stability in the time and hybrid domains are derived by a quotient mapping method and a k‐domain method, respectively. The proposal results are demonstrated in examples.
Pembrolizumab in men with heavily treated metastatic castrate‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Tucker Matthew D. , Zhu Jason , Marin Daniele , Gupta Rajan T. , Gupta Santosh , Berry William R. , Ramalingam Sundhar , Zhang Tian , Harrison Michael , Wu Yuan , Healy Patrick , Lisi Stacey , George Daniel J. , Armstrong Andrew J.
Published: July 2019

Background

Pembrolizumab is approved for patients with metastatic, microsatellite instability (MSI)‐high or mismatch repair‐deficient (dMMR) solid tumors. However, very few men with prostate cancer were included in these initial studies.

Methods

We performed a single institution retrospective review of men with metastatic castrate‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who were treated with pembrolizumab. The primary objective was to describe the clinical efficacy of pembrolizumab associated with patient and genomic characteristics.

Results

We identified 48 men who received ≥1 cycle of pembrolizumab for mCRPC. Of these, 94% (45/48) had ≥3 prior lines of therapy for mCRPC. Somatic tumor sequencing was available in 18/48 men (38%). We found that 17% (8/48) had a ≥50% confirmed PSA decline with pembrolizumab, and 8% (4/48) had a ≥90% PSA decline with durations of response ranging from 3.1 to 16.3 months. Two of these four men had mutations in LRP1b, one of whom also had MSH2 loss and was MSI‐H and TMB‐high. Despite prior progression on enzalutamide, 48% (23/48) of men were treated with concurrent enzalutamide. The median PSA progression‐free‐survival was 1.8 months (range 0.4‐13.7 months), with 31% of patients remaining on pembrolizumab therapy and 54% of men remain alive with a median follow‐up of 7.1 months.

Conclusions

In a heavily pretreated population of men with mCRPC, pembrolizumab was associated with a ≥50% PSA decline in 17% (8/48) of men, including a dramatic ≥90% PSA response in 8% (4/48), two of whom harbored pathogenic LRP1b mutations suggesting that LRP1b mutations may enrich for PD‐1 inhibitor responsiveness in prostate cancer.